PMID- 6209835 TI - Relationship between pulmonary function tests and morphologic changes in the lung in bleomycin-treated patients. AB - The transfer factor of the lung for carbon monoxide (TLCO) and the respiratory response to moderate exercise were determined in 16 patients with pulmonary metastasis pretreated with bleomycin who underwent pulmonary partial resection. The results of pulmonary function tests were related to histologic findings. No significant correlation was found between pulmonary morphologic changes and the TLCO: this questions the usefulness of TLCO as a predictive method for detecting subclinical bleomycin pulmonary toxicity. No significant correlation was found between morphologic findings and cumulative dose of bleomycin: this confirms the limit of a dose limitation strategy. In contrast, evaluation of pulmonary response to exercise seemed to improve the sensitivity of monitoring such patients for clinical evidence of latent pulmonary toxicity; however, it seems that critical morphologic changes must occur before pulmonary performance begins to deteriorate. PMID- 6209836 TI - [Isolation of reverse transcriptase from the avian myeloblastosis virus in preparative quantities]. AB - Inverse transcriptase of bird myeloblastosis virus is a unique instrument for artificial synthesis of structural genes of viruses, plants, animals. Methods for the virus production in preparative amounts are developed due to selection of the corresponding line of chickens, conditions of their maintenance, diet infection methods and myeloblastosis diagnostics. Main demands to the inverse transcriptase preparations (their high activity, absence of nuclease impurities, high concentration of the enzyme preparation solutions and their stability in storage) are ensured by zonal centrifugation purification of the virus in a sucrose density gradient, described methods of inverse transcriptase isolation and purification as well as conditions of its storage. PMID- 6209837 TI - [Antiproteinase activity of alpha 2-macroglobulin]. AB - Blood serum separation by the method of gel filtration on Sephadex G-200 with the subsequent immunochemical determination of the quantitative content of basic proteolysis inhibitors permitted isolating the alpha 2-macroglobulin fraction while alpha 1-antitrypsin and alpha 1-antichymotrypsin separation was a failure. The immunochemical analysis of the antienzymic activity of the isolated inhibitors showed that 32.3 +/- 3.5% of the introduced kallikrein, 18.7 +/- 0.6% of trypsin and 14.4 +/- 4.1% of chymotrypsin were bound in the zone of alpha 2 macroglobulin. The rest of antienzymic activity was localized in the zone of alpha 1-antitrypsin and alpha 1-antichymotrypsin. After a preliminary saturation of blood serum with trypsin in the amount equivalent to its antitryptic capacity (200 micrograms/ml) the ability of alpha 2-macroglobulin to bind kallikrein and chymotrypsin lowers considerably (by 69 and 72%, respectively). In the zone of alpha 1-antitrypsin and alpha 1-antichymotrypsin a decrease in the ability to bind kallikrein and chymotrypsin amounted to 44 and 12% respectively. Thus, alpha 2-macroglobulin being bound with trypsin looses considerably its ability to bind other enzymes. PMID- 6209838 TI - [Screening for serum alpha-fetoprotein for the detection of congenital malformations in the 16-18th weeks of pregnancy. Results of 24,023 pregnancy screenings]. PMID- 6209839 TI - Ultrasound screening for structural defects in early pregnancy. AB - Since 1975, the primary method of antenatal diagnosis of structural defects has been by ultrasound visualisation. Improvements in equipment and operator experience have progressively increased the confidence and reliability of this technique which in 1982 provided a 100% detection rate. (Alternative methods are relatively costly and in our opinion, unsatisfactory). Total population screening for structural defects is entirely feasible by ultrasound and acceptable to the patient. Serum alpha feto-protein screening techniques are less reliable- generate unnecessary anxieties, and have given no supplementary assistance to detection rates in our experience. Ultrasound is considered to be the best screening technique available to the obstetrician for the detection of structural defects in early pregnancy and obviates the use of amniocentesis as a confirmatory procedure. PMID- 6209840 TI - [The importance of preparing and supporting parents for their role]. PMID- 6209841 TI - [The evolution of audio-scripto-visual centers in the hospital environment]. PMID- 6209842 TI - Alpha-adrenergic blockade in the diagnosis of detrusor instability secondary to infravesical obstruction. AB - Detrusor instability secondary to infravesical obstruction is probably caused by overactive stretch receptors in the bladder wall. Since recent studies have shown that alpha-adrenergic blockade with phenoxybenzamine reduces the intravesical pressure under micturition, we undertook this investigation in order to see if phenoxybenzamine has an effect on detrusor instability caused by infravesical obstruction. We found that the detrusor instability was abolished by phenoxybenzamine, which supports the 'stretch receptor theory'. Further, phenoxybenzamine is probably a good test in the diagnosis of detrusor instability secondary to infravesical obstruction. PMID- 6209843 TI - Flow cytometry of the urinary bladder. AB - Flow cytometry now appears sufficiently developed technically to identify carcinoma of the bladder on irrigation specimens with accuracy comparable to that of conventional exfoliative cytology. The cancer cells are distinguished by abnormal levels of DNA per cell, which can be quantified with acridine orange, a metachromatic fluorescent dye for DNA and RNA. With this technique it is also possible to follow the development of carcinoma and assess the effects of treatment by quantifying the number of cancer cells present in the irrigation specimen. PMID- 6209844 TI - Immunotherapy in genitourinary neoplasia. AB - The putative role of the immune response in the natural defense against neoplasia remains poorly defined. Correspondingly, its potential recruitment as a means of cancer therapy has remained unfulfilled. The intricate interactions of immune response mechanisms as well as the heterogeneity of tumor cells themselves have contributed to this situation. Moreover, the immunosenescence that occurs during aging may have further compromised potential means of recruiting immune response mechanisms in treating cancer. The various attempts to treat different types of genitourinary neoplasia are illustrations of these difficulties, and emphasize directions that may need attention in future therapeutic efforts. PMID- 6209845 TI - [Controlled local hypothermia in transvesical adenomectomy of the prostate gland]. PMID- 6209846 TI - Elevation of serum prostatic acid phosphatase levels after prostatic massage. AB - The effect of prostatic massage on the serum prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) levels determined by radioimmunoassay (RIA) was studied in 29 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and 7 patients with prostatic carcinoma (CA). Among the BPH patients, 77 per cent (P less than 0.001) showed an increase in post-massage PAP levels but only 3 (10%) showed an increase to more normal levels. PMID- 6209847 TI - Postoperative acute cholecystitis complicating urologic operations. AB - Two cases are described of acute gangrenous cholecystitis following urologic operations. The subject is reviewed. The predominance of urologic procedures as the preceding factor for this postoperative complication is pointed out. The possible causes, the presenting features, the diagnosis, management, and serious prognosis are discussed. Awareness of the condition, early diagnosis, and operation are recommended. Its importance to the urologist is stressed. PMID- 6209848 TI - Immunofluorescent evidence of prior herpes simplex virus type-2 infection in prostate carcinoma. AB - The finding of herpes simplex virus type-2 (HSV-2) particles in prostatic carcinoma (PCa) tissue has led to speculation that the virus might cause this disease. We studied 27 PCa and 33 benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) specimens for the presence of HSV-2 antigens by indirect immunofluorescent staining to HSV 2 using commercially prepared rabbit anti-HSV-2 and fluorescein-tagged goat and anti-rabbit antibody. The slides were randomly number coded by an impartial referee then read independently by each investigator. In cases of disagreement, new slides were prepared and read until agreement. The code was then broken. Seven of 27 PCa specimens and 8 of 33 BPH specimens showed positive staining. By contingency table analysis, the results were not statistically different (chi 2 = 0.0224; p greater than 0.8). In our series, there is no difference in the prevalence of HSV-2 staining between PCa and BPH. Further examination of our data failed to show any difference in the prevalence of staining for HSV-2 based on whether the source of the tissue was surgical or autopsy. We conclude that HSV-2 infection of the prostate is common (15/60 = 25%) but probably has no causal relationship to PCa. PMID- 6209849 TI - [Trials to obtain conjugates for the passive hemagglutination test with chromium chloride and their use in studying foot-and-mouth disease viruses]. AB - Experiments were carried out to produce conjugates for the hemagglutination inhibition reaction with the aid of chromic chloride. Studies with reference F.M.D. viruses and with CFT revealed that the antibody erythrocyte diagnostic agents were highly specific, and were stable in storage at +4 degrees C and in freeze-drying. It was found that the conjugates obtained with F.M.D. antigens possessed high specificity, however, were not stable and 7 to 10 days later lost their activity. Tests with the hemagglutination-reaction showed that immunity itself could be studied in cattle treated with F.M.D. vaccines. A correlation was found between the results obtained via the hemagglutination reaction and those obtained with the aid of the virus-neutralization test. PMID- 6209850 TI - Cytological characteristics of cultured epithelial cells from thymomas in BUF/Mna rats. AB - Epithelial cells (ECs) from spontaneously developed thymomas in BUF/Mna rats were cultured, characterized and compared with ECs from normal thymuses. The ECs from thymomas had many more keratin filaments and PAS-positive vesicles in the cytoplasm than ECs from normal thymuses. The size and shape of ECs and their nuclei were heterogeneous and about 20% of ECs from thymomas had more than one nucleus. However, the growth rates and saturation densities of ECs from thymomas in monolayer culture were not markedly different from those of normal thymuses. The ECs from thymomas cultured in soft agar did not form any colonies. The distribution of the numbers of chromosomes found in ECs from thymomas was slightly broader than that in normal ECs, but no specific abnormalities nor marker chromosomes were noted. These findings indicate that ECs from thymomas are abnormal, but suggest that they are not malignant in nature. PMID- 6209851 TI - [Immunoelectrophoretic analysis of reactions between heparin and pregnancy proteins]. AB - A procedure is described for study of reactions between heparin and human blood serum proteins using zonal electrophoresis in agar gel containing various amounts of heparin. The alterations occurring were registered by means of cross immunoelectrophoresis. A shape of the pregnancy protein precipitates and their electrophoretic mobility were altered depending on concentration of the glycosaminoglycan present. Characteristic properties of reactions between heparin and pregnancy proteins are discussed as well as the perspectives of the use of this method for study of proteins reacting with heparin. PMID- 6209852 TI - [Biosynthesis of DNA and RNA in the liver under conditions of deficient nutrition and exposure to N-nitrosopiperidine]. AB - Effect of N-nitrosopiperidine on macromolecules was studied. Nutrition deficient in retinol, tocopherol, ascorbic acid and essential amino acids was shown to increase the inhibitory action of N-nitrosopiperidine on synthesis of DNA and RNA liver tissue. PMID- 6209853 TI - [Effect of adrenalectomy and anti-adrenergic preparations on the development of hyperenzymic and biochemical changes in the blood in burns]. AB - Activities of alpha-hydroxybutyrate- and lactate dehydrogenases (HBDH, LDH), aspartate- and alanine aminotransferases (AST, ALT), alkaline phosphatase, alpha amylase as well as content of total proteins, glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides and Ca2+ were estimated sprectrophotometrically in blood serum of rat males within 2 hrs after thermic burns of the III degree involving 15% the body surface. The burns caused about 2-fold increase in activities of LDH, HBDH and AST and in content of triglycerides in blood serum but did not affect the other biochemical patterns. Adrenalectomy, carried out within 3 days before the burns, accelerated and pseudoadrenalectomy decreased the early postburn enzymatic activation. Preadministration of reserpine, phentolamine and obsidane (propranolol) decreased distinctly the hyperenzymic reaction observed after the burn stress. PMID- 6209854 TI - Studies on low-dose hydroxyethyl starch leukapheresis. Rate of elimination of HES in vivo and function of the harvested granulocytes in vitro. AB - We studied the rate of in vivo elimination of hydroxyethyl starch (HES) given during low dose HES leukapheresis in 9 donors and the effect of this procedure on the in vitro function of granulocytes in 3 donors. HES was eliminated more rapidly than has been previously reported for standard leukapheresis. Serum HES declined to one-half of peak concentration between 1 and 2 days and to one-tenth of peak in 23 days. No HES could be detected in serum 90 days after leukapheresis. The function of the harvested granulocytes was compared to that of granulocytes collected just prior to the procedure by measuring superoxide generation, ingestion and cell motility. There was no significant difference in the function of granulocytes harvested by low dose HES leukapheresis compared to those collected by venipuncture before the procedure. PMID- 6209855 TI - Activation of blood coagulation, fibrinolytic and kallikrein systems during storage of plasma. AB - This study deals with the question of how blood coagulation, kallikrein and fibrinolytic systems are affected by storage of plasma at +6 degrees C. Blood was collected into citrate phosphate dextrose adenine (CPD) or acid citrate dextrose (ACD) and the plasma samples were stored at +6 degrees C for 35 days. Samples were taken at weekly intervals for assays of various parameters of the different systems. No significant changes were observed in the levels of the main thrombin inhibitor, antithrombin III. At the end of the storage period, however, fibrinopeptide A levels increased markedly, particularly in the ACD plasma, indicating thrombin activation. There was no change in the plasminogen level, but a decrease in the levels of antiplasmin and urokinase inhibitors and an increase in the level of the fibrinogen degradation fragment B beta 15-42 were observed, indicating activation of the fibrinolytic system. The level of antikallikrein activity decreased sharply in ACD plasma; CPD plasma was less affected. This decrease was parallel to the increase in spontaneous proteolytic activity and correlated with the increase in fibrinopeptide A. Prolonged storage of plasma of +6 degrees C thus resulted in the activation of coagulation, fibrinolytic and kallikrein systems and decrease in inhibitors. The activation was much more pronounced in ACD than in CPD plasma. PMID- 6209856 TI - Influence of IgG subclasses on automated anti-D (Rho) quantification. AB - Anti-D quantification by both an automated Polybrene method and an automated trypsin-albumin-dextran (TAD) method gave discrepant results in certain cases. These discrepancies, expressed as the polybrene TAD ratio of reactivity (PTR), were related to the IgG subclass of anti-D. Anti-D of the IgG3 subclass showed a higher PTR than IgG1 (0.94 vs 1.65). No difference was shown between G1m(1) and G1m(3) (0.93 and 0.95, respectively) or between G3m(11) and G3m(21) (1.40 and 1.81, respectively) allotypes. The simultaneous use of our automated Polybrene and TAD methods provides information about the anti-D subclass composition. PMID- 6209857 TI - [Effect of potassium glutamate on water-electrolyte metabolism and acid-base balance of persons of different ages]. PMID- 6209858 TI - [Quantitative determination of the antigenic structures of protein in the duodenojejunal contents of patients with food allergies and gastroenterologic diseases]. PMID- 6209859 TI - [Radionuclide diagnosis of thyroid diseases]. PMID- 6209860 TI - [Use of nifedipine derivatives in treating ischemic heart disease patients]. PMID- 6209861 TI - [Treatment of chronic ventricular extrasystole with propafenone (Rhythmonorm)]. AB - Peroral treatment with rhythmonorm (Knoll AG--GFR) with 450 to 900 mg daily was carried out to 38 patients with an average age 52,2 +/- 2,34, with chronic ventricular extrasystole. In 89,50 per cent of the cases, complete inhibition of the ventricular extrasystoles was attained or reduction in their number with greater than 80 per cent, and that result, in 55,26 per cent, was attained within the first days of the treatment. The pulse rate was reduced with 10 per cent on the average by the end of the treatment. Significant changes in cardiac conductivity, arterial pressure and severe adverse effects were not observed. The preparation rhythmonorm is an effective, convenient to take and well tolerated agent for the treatment and prophylaxis of ventricular extrasystoles. PMID- 6209863 TI - Nd-YAG laser treatment of tracheal stenosis. AB - We administered Nd-YAG laser treatments in four patients aged 56 to 68 years for severe tracheal stenosis, the tracheal diameters varying between 2.5 and 5 mm. These patients were all dyspneic at rest with talking or dressing and their peak flows ranged from 8% to 36% of predicted. They were not felt to be candidates for surgical excision. Immediate palliative relief was achieved in all patients and lasted two to four months after a single treatment in three patients. One patient died three weeks after laser treatment due to respiratory failure from underlying emphysema. There were no complications of laser therapy. Postlaser therapy the tracheal diameter in each patient was at least 9 mm and peak flow improved to between 25% and 76% of predicted. The results suggest that laser treatment may be beneficial in cases of severe tracheal stenosis. PMID- 6209864 TI - [Mesenteric lipodystrophy: differential diagnosis of a benign abdominal tumor]. AB - In a clinical presentation of a patient with mesenteric lipodystrophy the usefulness of the two imaging procedures ultrasound and computeromography is firstly demonstrated. Both methods have proven as good means in early diagnosis and patients follow up. Combination of ultrasound and guided tumor puncture is able to establish diagnosis avoiding laparotomy. For the follow up of these patients ultrasound and computertomography are valuable. PMID- 6209862 TI - Pain--mechanics and management. AB - In the past two decades there has been remarkable progress in understanding the neural mechanisms of pain. However, chronic pain is poorly understood and, by definition, poorly managed. In addition to hyperactivity of the sympathetic nervous system and damage to normal inhibitory mechanisms, social and psychological factors play a major role in producing the disability of chronic pain. New approaches to manage chronic pain include nonopiate drugs, transcutaneous electral nerve stimulation and psychological and behavioral methods. A nervous system network has recently been described that suppresses pain. This analgesic action is mediated by endogenous opioid peptides (endorphins) and by biogenic amines. The analgesia network can be activated either by electral stimulation or by opiates such as morphine or methadone. PMID- 6209865 TI - The effects of a single dose and prolonged benzene administration on 5 hydroxytryptamine and 5-hydroxyindolacetic acid content in rat brain. AB - The contents of serotonin (5-HT) and its major metabolite, 5-hydroxyindolacetic acid (5-HIAA), in the hypothalamus, the striatum and the remainder of the brain, after a single dose and prolonged administration of benzene were studied in rats. Benzene was injected s.c. in doses of 1/20-1/5 LD50 for single administration and in doses of 1/80-1/20 LD50 daily six days a week during four weeks of prolonged administration. Single administration produced a decrease in the 5-HT content of the hypothalamus and striatum, accompanied by an increase of the 5-HIAA level in the striatum. The highest contents of both 5-HT and 5-HIAA in the hypothalamus and the striatum were seen 45 min after benzene injection and lasted for at least 180 min. After prolonged benzene administration increases of both 5-HT and 5-HIAA contents were observed, particularly with striatum. The accelerated 5-HT turnover in rat brain after acute and prolonged administration of benzene indicates an effect of the hydrocarbon on the metabolism of 5-HT. PMID- 6209866 TI - Epoxidation of the lindane metabolite, beta-PCCH, by human- and rat-liver microsomes. AB - Human- and rat-liver microsomes convert the lindane metabolite, beta-PCCH (beta 1,3,4,5,6-pentachlorocyclohex-1-ene (3,4,6/5-PCCH] to the metabolites: 1,2,4-TCB (1,2,4-trichlorobenzene), 1,2,3,4-TTCB (1,2,3,4-tetrachlorobenzene), 2,4,5-TCP (2,4,5-trichlorophenol), 3,4,5/6-PCCOL (1,2,4,5,6-pentachlorocyclohex-1-en-3-ol) and beta-PCCH oxide (1,2,3,4,5-pentachloro-7-oxabicyclo[4.1.0]heptane) or (3,4,6/5-PCCH oxide). The identity of the beta-PCCH oxide is confirmed by column chromatography and g.l.c.-mass spectrometry, in comparison to characterized synthetic material. The stability of the beta-PCCH oxide is indicated by its resistance to hydrolysis by microsomal epoxide hydrolase (EC. 3.3.2.3), or various aqueous acid conditions. It shows no mutagenicity using S. typhimurium strain TM677. However, in levels above 0.05 mg/ml it was lethal to the test cells. It is not a substrate for and is only a weak inhibitor of epoxide hydrolase. A stable halogenated hydrocarbon epoxide metabolite is described. Its toxicological role, if any, remains unaccounted for. PMID- 6209867 TI - [Prenatal diagnosis of severe neural tube defect in negative biochemical findings]. AB - With reference to a case of occipital encephalocele associated with iniencephaly diagnosed by ultrasonography in the 20th week of pregnancy, the diagnostic problems of craniospinal defects, factors influencing prognosis and clinical consequences are described. Even when results of biochemical tests are negative, minute neural canal defects can be diagnosed early by ultrasonography. In the authors' opinion an ultrasonographic diagnosis of encephalocele represents an indication for termination of pregnancy, in view of the poor prognosis. PMID- 6209868 TI - [Motor function loss in zoster neuritis versus encephalitis--clinical case and review of literature]. AB - Motor lesions following herpes zoster are quite common. Hemiparesis, paraparesis, pareses of the facial and other cranial nerves as well as segmental pareses can be observed. We report on a patient suffering from zoster ophthalmicus complicated by paresis of the third cranial nerve. As a cause, a partial brain stem-encephalitis was diagnosed. The patient recovered after antiviral treatment (Aciclovir, Inosiplex). PMID- 6209869 TI - [Effects of various methods on the determination of dietary fiber and available carbohydrates on the calculation of the energy content of bread]. AB - The dietary fiber content of German breads was determined by two different methods. With a modified NDF-method 60% of total dietary fiber (determined by an enzymatic-chemical procedure) are detected. For estimation of the physiological fuel value the main components of breads were determined by analysis. In addition, the carbohydrates were determined by difference, using various methods of calculation. For the estimation of the caloric value, different calorie conversion factors are used. PMID- 6209870 TI - [The double-headed coil winding device: a clinical example]. PMID- 6209872 TI - [With video it is hard to lie]. PMID- 6209871 TI - [Correlation between dysplastic lesions and latent cancers of the prostate. An analysis of 100 autopsies]. AB - The aim was to check the etiopathogenetic relationship between the dysplastic hyperplasia and the latent carcinoma of the prostate. During the autopsy was removed the prostate in toto by 100 men in the age over 50 years. It should be stressed that clinically was not known a carcinoma of the prostate in every case. The whole material was examined by the step-section technique. The results of this study suggest the opinion, that the dysplasia of the prostate may represent a potential precancerous lesion. The consequences for the physicians and the other hand for the pathologists are discussed. PMID- 6209873 TI - [Cross-reacting intraspecific antigens of Neisseria meningitidis. I. The isolation, immunochemical and serological characteristics of the cross-reacting antigens of N. meningitidis serogroup A]. AB - New data on the cross-reacting antigen of N. meningitidis, serogroup A, are presented. A complex of antigens has been isolated by treatment with tryptone X 100, ethanol precipitation and the subsequent treatment with trichloroacetic acid. The immunological analysis of the isolated preparation has shown that the proteinaceous part of the biopolymer contains 7 polypeptide fragments; of these, one fragment with a molecular weight of 31000 daltons has been found to constitute 49, 15% of all polypeptide fragments. The evaluation of the serological properties of this preparation in the precipitation test and the passive hemagglutination test has revealed that the preparation contains various cross-reactive antigenic determinants. Polyvalent erythrocyte diagnosticum obtained on the basis of this preparation permits the detection of antibodies to meningococci irrespective of their serogroup. PMID- 6209874 TI - [Clinical evaluation of the mental development of children during the 1st year]. AB - A combined study of the formation of mental functions in 520 infants under one year of age in normal and various pathological conditions was carried out. The authors conclude that the retardation of the psychic development in newborns and infants never occurs in the isolated form. Thus, the objective assessment of mental development may be made only in correlation with the formation of other functional systems which is important for the elaboration of early therapeutic and corrective measures. PMID- 6209875 TI - Influence of actinomycin-D on the diurnal rhythm of cytoplasmic RNA in the neurocytes of selected nuclei of mouse hypothalamus. AB - The influence of a single dose of actinomycin-D (1 mg/kg body weight) on the diurnal rhythm of cytoplasmic RNA was studied in neurocytes of the supraoptic nucleus (SON), paraventricular nucleus (PVN), and arcuate nucleus (AN) by microspectrophotometer. Cosinor analysis of the obtained results revealed a disturbed diurnal rhythm of cytoplasmic RNA in the animals treated with actinomycin-D. The mean diurnal RNA content in the SON, PVN, and AN neurocytes decreased, the amplitude of diurnal fluctuation was reduced and the acrophase was shifted to earlier hours. PMID- 6209876 TI - A detergent-free method for isolation of viable ribosomes from rat brain. AB - A detergent-free method based on sucrose density gradient centrifugations was developed for isolation of free ribosomes from rat brain. The purity of the preparations was checked by RNA/protein ratio, electron microscopy and marker enzymes. They were uncontaminated by other cell organelles. The incorporation of leucine, isoleucine and valine into acid-insoluble fraction by ribosomes comformed to the Hill equation v/V = sn/(K+sn). Branched-chain amino acids mutually inhibited each other's incorporation by ribosomes, but the inhibition was abolished with detergents frequently used in isolation procedures. PMID- 6209877 TI - Peroperative evaluation of parathyroid glands using fat stain on frozen sections. Advantages and limitations. AB - The possible benefit of fat stain in the diagnosis of parathyroid disease was elucidated in this prospective study comprising 51 patients operated on for primary hyperparathyroidism. The histo-pathological diagnosis was adenoma in 39 patients and hyperplasia in 9 patients. In three patients only normal glands were examined. The majority of adenomas contained very small amounts of intracellular fat, while the rim of normal parathyroid adjacent to the adenoma and additional normal glands examined had abundant intracellular fat. In two cases was the adenoma diagnosis arrived at due to the examination of the fat stained sections. In four cases with diffuse chief cell hyperplasia did fat stain corroborate hyperfunction in one case, but not in the other three cases. Five cases of nodular hyperplasia were encountered. In one case did fat stain demonstrate areas with low intracellular fat indicating hyperfunction in all examined glands. In two cases hyperfunctioning areas were demonstrated in one gland only, while all other glands had abundant intracellular fat. In two cases of nodular hyperplasia all examined glands had abundant intracellular fat. The clinical judgement of the surgeon at the operation is of outmost importance for the successful treatment of hyperparathyroidism. Fat stain facilitates a rapid identification of parathyroid tissue on frozen section and is of help in the diagnosis of adenoma. In the case of hyperplasia, however, the additional information given by fat stain is questionable. A normal appearance in one examined gland does not preclude abnormality in another. The present results do not support an altered surgical strategy with limited neck exploration. PMID- 6209878 TI - Splendore-Hoeppli phenomenon around blastomyces in cytologic preparation. AB - The Splendore-Hoeppli phenomenon was observed in bronchial washings and in the transbronchial lung biopsy specimen in a case of pulmonary blastomycosis. This is the first report of this phenomenon in a bronchial cytologic preparation. PMID- 6209879 TI - Intracytoplasmic inclusions in urinary sediment cells from a patient with mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome (Kawasaki disease). A case report. AB - An intracytoplasmic inclusion seen in cells in the urinary sediments of a patient with the mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome (Kawasaki disease) is described. Cytochemical features suggested that the inclusion-bearing cells may be derived from mononucleated phagocytic cells. The presence of these cells may be related to the acute febrile phase of the disease. PMID- 6209880 TI - Myospherulosis of the breast. Diagnosis by fine needle aspiration. AB - A case of myospherulosis of the breast diagnosed by fine needle aspiration biopsy is reported. The characteristic spherules and "endobodies" stained red by the Papanicolaou stain and brown by the Wright stain. In this case, human fat may have been an endogenous inducing agent for the spherule formation from erythrocyte products. PMID- 6209881 TI - Adenoma of the nipple. An unusual diagnosis in aspiration cytology. AB - The cytology of adenoma of the nipple in a fine needle aspirate has so far not been reported. Such a case is described, and the very important cytologic distinction of this lesion from Paget's disease is emphasized. PMID- 6209882 TI - Naturally occurring T lymphocytotoxic antibody in viral and related skin diseases. AB - The naturally occurring T lymphocytotoxic antibodies in patients with viral and related skin diseases were investigated and compared with those of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The incidences of T lymphocytotoxic antibodies in exanthema suspected of viral infection, infectious mononucleosis, rubella and pityriasis rosea were 28%, 44%, 8% and 28% respectively. Sera from patients with herpes zoster and erythema infectiosum did not show positivity. Incidence in SLE sera as positive control was 82%. The T lymphocytotoxic antibodies detected in skin diseases were similar in nature to those of SLE patients, but were transient and lower in titer than those of SLE. PMID- 6209883 TI - Evaluation of cutaneous amyloid employing anti-keratin antibodies and the immunoperoxidase technique (PAP method). AB - Thirty-one cases of primary cutaneous amyloidosis were studied by the immunoperoxidase technique (PAP method) employing anti-keratin antibodies. All specimens were examined using consecutive paraffin sections to confirm the correspondence between amyloid existing area and reactive sites. All of the sections examined were non-reactive in amyloid deposited sites whereas the epidermis always showed strong reaction with anti-keratin antibodies. PMID- 6209884 TI - Skin irritancy from propylene glycol. AB - Two sensitive methods for the assessment of skin irritancy reactions to propylene glycol (PG) have been used: laser Doppler flowmetry in man for erythema and skin fold thickness measurements in man, guinea pigs and rabbits for edema. Single (open and occlusive) and repeated (open) exposures were used. Trafuril was used as positive control for the flowmetric studies. In man an increased blood flow was recorded only when PG was applied under occlusion. A statistically significant increase in skin fold thickness was observed from day 7 in the guinea pig, but not in man (daily exposures for 36 days). It is concluded that occlusion seems to be a crucial factor and that skin fold thickness measurements in guinea pigs and rabbits is a useful, complementary method for the detection and prediction of marginal irritants. PMID- 6209885 TI - The spirochetal etiology of erythema chronicum migrans Afzelius. AB - We have obtained spirochetes from Ixodes (I.) ricinus ticks collected in different areas in Stockholm where erythema chronicum migrans Afzelius (ECMA) cases are known to occur sporadically. Titers of antibody against spirochetal isolates, cultured in modified Kelly's medium, from Swedish I. ricinus and American I. dammini ticks were determined by indirect immunofluorescence. With the I. ricinus respectively the I. dammini spirochete as antigen the ECMA group had a significantly higher median titer (73 respectively 128) than the control group (28 respectively 31). Spirochetes have also been isolated from the periphery of one ECMA lesion by injecting skin homogenates into rabbit testicles. The findings are in agreement with spirochetal etiology in ECMA. PMID- 6209886 TI - Immunological aspects of dermatophyte infections in hereditary palmo-plantar keratoderma. AB - Family and personal histories of atopy, total IgE level in serum, AB0 blood groups, trichophytin reactions, IgE RAST, IgG RAST and precipitating antibodies were investigated in patients with hereditary palmo-plantar keratoderma and dermatophytosis. 44% of the patients with dermatophytosis had a personal and/or family history of atopy and 67% a total IgE greater than 100 kU/ml. No significant differences in the rate of dermatophytosis were found between atopics and non-atopics, nor were there differences between patients with a total IgE above and those with a level below 100 kU/ml. The determination of AB0 blood groups showed that T. mentagrophytes occurred significantly more often in patients with blood group A. All delayed trichophytin reactions were negative. A positive immediate trichophytin reaction was found in only 1 patient, who also had a raised level of IgE antibodies against dermatophytes. The level of specific IgG antibodies was increased in patients infected with T. rubrum and E. floccosum, which two species were found to have at least one antigen in common. Homologous precipitating antibodies occurred in 54% of the patients with hereditary palmo-plantar keratoderma, which is a considerably higher value than that reported in dermatophyte infected patients without this inherited disorder. PMID- 6209887 TI - Electron microscopic study of fingernails in the disease of Mljet (Mal de Meleda). AB - Results are presented of the electron-microscopic examinations of fingernail clippings from 4 patients suffering from Mljet (Mal de Meleda) disease, of 3 obligate heterozygotes of this autosomal recessively inherited disease, as well as of 3 controls. In the nails of the diseased persons, significantly more osmiophilic material was found than in those of controls. In the nails of heterozygotes, the findings were intermediate between those of patients and controls. In the nails of aged persons, a strongly osmiophilic matrix keratin was found. Histochemically, lipids were demonstrated in the ventral plate of diseased nails. The probable significance and implications of these findings are discussed. PMID- 6209888 TI - The ultrastructural observation of a case of lymphomatoid papulosis. AB - Electron microscopic studies of biopsy specimens from a patient with lymphomatoid papulosis were performed. In the epidermis, infiltrating lymphoid cells, many of which had highly convoluted nuclei, were revealed to come into close contact to increased Langerhans' cells but did not accumulate to form microabscesses. In the dermis, Langerhans' cells with rather small numbers of Birbeck granules were scattered among the thick infiltration of mononuclear cells showing close apposition with lymphoid cells. Some macrophages contacted the Langerhans' cells and lymphoid cells were also observed. On one occasion, a Langerhans' cell clinged by a lymphoid cell in the uppermost dermis was revealed to expand the cytoplasm through the ruptured basal lamina touching another lymphoid cell in the epidermis. PMID- 6209889 TI - Bullous pemphigoid and malignancy: relationship to indirect immunofluorescent findings. AB - In a group of 93 patients with generalized bullous pemphigoid seen at the Mayo Clinic from 1970 to 1980, the frequency of concomitant malignancies did not appear to be higher than in the general population or in previously reported series from the Mayo Clinic. However, the subgroup with negative indirect immunofluorescent tests had an unexplained higher frequency of malignancy (4/28) than the subgroup with positive immunofluorescent tests (5/65). PMID- 6209890 TI - Drug eruptions: causative agents and clinical types. A series of in-patients during a 10-year period. AB - A series of 446 inpatients with drug eruption was studied to determine the causative agent and the clinical type. In over a half of the cases a provocation test confirmed the drug responsible for the reaction. Sulphonamides/trimethoprim and ampicillin/penicillin followed by phenazones were the most frequent agents causing eruptions. Sulphonamides were also the most common drugs inducing Lyell's and Stevens-Johnson syndromes. Phenazones and barbiturates were the main causes of fixed eruptions. The frequency of inpatients having drug eruption was decreased in the 1971-80 series compared with the earlier one from 1961-70. Also the frequency of Lyell's and Stevens-Johnson syndromes was lower in the latter decade than in the earlier one. PMID- 6209891 TI - Control of the human head louse with disulfiram and benzyl benzoate emulsions. A laboratory study. AB - The effects of disulfiram, benzyl benzoate and DDT, all components of a common preparation (Tenutex) for the control of the head louse, were tested on louse eggs. A significant higher mortality of eggs was evident after treatment with (i) disulfiram, (ii) benzyl benzoate, (iii) these two substances mixed, and (iv) Tenutex. DDT in this concentration had no effect on the survival of the eggs. Long-time exposure to Tenutex and Tenutex without DDT significantly lowered the hatching frequency of eggs. Almost no hatching occurred after exposure for 24 hours. The survival of larvae hatched from eggs treated with Tenutex was lower than for those treated with Tenutex without DDT. DDT seemed to have an effect primarily on the survival of larvae. Newly hatched larvae were more sensitive to the two Tenutex preparations than older larvae. PMID- 6209892 TI - Skin blood flow in psoriasis during Goeckerman or beech tar therapy. AB - Skin blood flow (SBF) was measured by the laser Doppler technique in lesional and clinically normal skin of 8 patients with psoriasis vulgaris during Goeckerman or beech tar therapy. The SBF measurements were performed before therapy and 1, 2, and 3-4 weeks after treatment was initiated. The results were compared to a clinical psoriasis index based on the objective assessment of infiltration, erythema, and scaling of the psoriatic plaques. The pre-treatment value of SBF in lesional skin was about 9 times higher than that of clinically normal skin. During therapy SBF of involved skin decreased rapidly approaching that of uninvolved skin after 3-4 weeks. Furthermore, there was a significant linear correlation between the SBF values and the clinical psoriasis index. It is concluded that SBF in psoriatic lesions decreases significantly during Goeckerman or beech tar therapy, and that this variable might be used to obtain a quantitative measure of the disease activity. PMID- 6209893 TI - Langerhans' cell and vitiligo: quantitative study of T6 and HLA-DR antigen expressing cells. AB - Epidermal Langerhans' cell (LC) densities in vitiliginous skin (VS) and normal appearing skin (NAS) were studied in 10 patients with common vitiligo. Monoclonal mouse anti human T6 antigen IgG1 and Ia antigen IgG2 (Ortho Pharmaceuticals) were used to characterize LC. Epidermal LC densities were calculated by means of an ocular square grid and expressed per 0.1 mm2. The results showed that LC densities of VS was similar to that of NAS (p: not significant). No differences were noted in terms of age, sex, progressing, stable or repigmenting vitiligo. We concluded that involvement of LC in vitiligo, if any, does not probably occur via a degenerating mechanism, or via variations in regional densities. PMID- 6209894 TI - Mondor's phlebitis of the penis: a study with factor VIII related antigen. AB - Four patients with so-called non-venereal sclerosing lymphangitis of the penis are reported. It was suggested that the affected vessels were veins by positively stained factor VIII related antigen with the unlabeled peroxidase-antiperoxidase method. If cord-like linear subcutaneous swelling observed in the coronary sulcus or dorsal region of the penile shaft originate from the vein, it seems correct to call this disease as Mondor's phlebitis of the penis. PMID- 6209895 TI - Variations in cutaneous zinc concentrations after oral administration of zinc gluconate. AB - The assessment of zinc levels after oral administration of 100 mg of zinc gluconate was performed over a 72-hour period in 3 sectors: plasma, blister fluid and epidermis. The results show that zinc taken orally reaches the epidermis after 72 h and indicate the existence of an intermediary compartment between plasma and epidermis, represented by blister fluid, in which zinc concentration is 243.9 +/- 32.2 micrograms/l, that is, the ratio blister fluid/plasma = 0.33. PMID- 6209896 TI - Cholinergic urticaria with anaphylaxis induced by exercise or heating. PMID- 6209897 TI - Psoriasis provoked by beta-blocking agents. AB - 23 patients suffering from psoriasis and being treated with beta-blocking agents were compared to a control group regarding psoriasis activity. Seven out of the 23 were affected by psoriasis after introduction of the beta-blocking drug. The mean age of onset was significantly higher (p less than 0.001) than that of the control group, which supports the provoking effects of beta-blocking agents. Remission occurred in 3 out of 4 patients after medication was stopped. PMID- 6209898 TI - Acrogeria with perforating elastoma and bony abnormalities. AB - A case of acrogeria, a premature aging syndrome with acral distribution, is reported in association with perforating elastoma and bony abnormalities. PMID- 6209899 TI - Reiter's disease: successful treatment of the skin manifestations with oral etretinate. AB - Cutaneous manifestations in a case of Reiter's disease were successfully treated by oral etretinate administration. The clinical and histopathological similarities between the skin lesions of Reiter's disease and those of pustular psoriasis, which is known to respond to aromatic retinoids, suggested this treatment. PMID- 6209900 TI - Meclosorb, a new topical antibiotic agent in the treatment of acne vulgaris: a double-blind clinical study. AB - The clinical effect on acne vulgaris of topical treatment with meclocycline sulfosalicylate and systemic treatment with peroral tetracycline (500 mg daily) was compared in a double-blind study of 60 patients treated for 8 weeks. The reducing effect of Meclosorb cream and tetracycline tablets on the number of closed comedones, pustules, papules and cysts was marked and not significantly different. The effect of Meclosorb on open comedones was weak and of slow onset. No side effects were registered. Topical treatment with Meclosorb is an effective and safe alternative to systemic tetracycline treatment of acne vulgaris. PMID- 6209901 TI - Topical treatment with sulfur 10 per cent for rosacea. AB - In a controlled study, topical treatment with sulfur 10 per cent is shown to be equally effective as orally given tetracycline in the management of rosacea. PMID- 6209902 TI - Trichoepithelioma, cystic acne and 13-cis-retinoic acid. AB - Treatment with 13-cis-retinoic acid during 12 weeks of a patient with multiple trichoepitheliomas and acne cystica et comedonica did not affect the number of trichoepitheliomas. The cystic lesions, most of them trichoepitheliomas with only a few non-inflammatory cystic acne lesions, were not affected by this treatment. PMID- 6209903 TI - Treatment of large condylomata of the penis with the neodymium-YAG-laser. AB - Treatment of large condylomata of the glans penis with a neodymium-YAG-laser is reported. The method offers certain advantages over more conventional means of therapy, but requires expensive equipment, experience and that precautionary measures be taken when the high-power laser is operated. PMID- 6209904 TI - Angioendothelioma of the nose. PMID- 6209905 TI - Lichen planus and the liver. PMID- 6209906 TI - The accumulation of [35S]methimazole by monocytes and macrophages. AB - We have used an automatic cell harvester and micro culture techniques to examine the accumulation of [35S]methimazole by monocytes, macrophages and lymphocytes. Significant temperature-dependent accumulation of the drug was found in resting monocytes and macrophages; this was increased up to 4-fold by phagocytosis. Lymphocytes accumulated little or no drug and myeloma and leukaemic cell lines accumulated none. These results show that two interrelated cells with endogenous peroxidatic activity take up the antithyroid drug methimazole providing further support for the concept that immunosuppression by this drug in Graves' disease is mediated via an action on antigen-presenting cells. PMID- 6209907 TI - Experimental study on antitumor activity and pharmacokinetics of cytosine arabinoside, cyclocytidine and BH-AC. PMID- 6209908 TI - [Impulse cytofluorometry of the redox activity of single cells using fluorescent formazan]. AB - The first application of a newly developed fluorescent formazan in flow cytometry is described. The cell surface redox activity of isolated mouse hepatocytes after incubation with the tetrazolium salt forming the new fluorescent formazan and the DNA content after Hoechst staining have been measured simultaneously. 2 parametric distribution patterns have been obtained. This new and sensitive fluorometric technique can be used for automatic measurements of single cells correlating redox activity with other cell parameters. PMID- 6209909 TI - Reactivity of peroxidase-labeled lectins in rabbit submandibular and sublingual glands. AB - The carbohydrate histochemistry of rabbit submandibular and sublingual glands has been examined by the use of 4 peroxidase-labeled lectins at the light microscopic level. In the submandibular gland, the striated ducts appeared to be the formations which were more reactive to all lectins. In the sublingual gland, the terminal tracts were the most reactive secreting portions, because they bound all the lectins used. The material contained in the lumen of the ducts of submandibular and sublingual glands always reacted fairly intensely. The binding of lectins to salivary glands indicated the possibility to use lectins for the explanation of the transport properties both of the striated ducts and of the terminal tracts. PMID- 6209910 TI - Cholinergic innervation of pig pancreas. AB - Pancreases from 5 sexually mature sows were used in this investigation. In order to detect cholinergic fibers in the pancreas, the method of Karnovsky and Roots (1964) was applied. It was shown that cholinergic nerve fibers occur in the whole organ as perivascular plexuses, interlobular nerves, perilobular and periinsular plexuses. The existence of individual cholinergic neurons in the pig pancreas also has been stated. PMID- 6209911 TI - Enhanced RNA and protein synthesis in vitro in astrocytes derived from rats in the early stage of experimental hepatogenic encephalopathy. AB - Astroglia-enriched cell fractions derived from rats with the early symptoms of hepatogenic encephalopathy (HE) following treatment with thioacetamide, showed an increase above control ability to incorporate radioactive precursors into RNA and proteins. These results lend support to the idea that overall stimulation of macromolecular syntheses is an important aspect of astroglial reaction preceding the appearance in astrocytes of progressive morphological changes characterizing more advanced stages of HE. PMID- 6209912 TI - Neurodevelopmental outcome and electronic fetal heart rate monitoring in a neonatal intensive care population. AB - In a one-year population, 1977, of newborn infants admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) the incidence of persistent neurodevelopmental handicaps was 3%, i.e. 13 of 427 survivors at 2 years of age. Transient abnormalities during the first 6 months of life were found in 63 infants, but after 6 months of age they were all normal at follow-up examinations. Most mothers with infants showing transient abnormalities or persistent handicaps had a high-risk pregnancy but one-third (35.5%) had a low-risk pregnancy and in this group 4 out of 7 cases with persistent major neurodevelopmental handicaps were found. In the total one-year population, 6% showed ominous fetal heart rate patterns (FHR) in labor compared with 31% of infants with later abnormalities and handicaps. Furthermore, all 13 infants with persistent handicaps had a normal Apgar score at 5 min, indicating that Apgar scoring was less predictive than FHR for neurodevelopmental outcome. Altogether 54 infants born in 1977 were small for gestational age (SGA): 33 NICU-treated and 21 not NICU-treated. Seven (6 NICU treated, 1 not NICU-treated) had transient abnormalities (12.9%). No SGA infant developed persistent handicaps. The results suggest an improved obstetric and neonatal care of these infants. PMID- 6209913 TI - Surgery for bone metastases. PMID- 6209914 TI - Tourniquet effects on muscle oxygen tension in dog limbs. Experiments with cooling and breathing intervals. AB - The effects of repeated tourniquet applications with breathing periods on muscle pO2 was studied in adult dogs. A tourniquet was applied to one hind limb. The tourniquet was repeatedly inflated for 1 h; four ischemic periods were separated by 20-min recirculation intervals. In other series the limb was cooled prior to tourniquet application, or the animal was treated with the proteinase inhibitor Trasylol. Following tourniquet deflation, the pO2 value in the gastrocnemius muscle initially increased, reaching a peak within 5 min. This initial increase became less apparent with repeated periods of ischemia as well as with prolongation of the ischemic period. The results indicate that cooling prior to tourniquet application represents a better technic than the use of breathing periods or Trasylol. PMID- 6209915 TI - A comparative study on the immunolocalization of keratin and myosin in salivary gland tumors. AB - Surgical specimens of the salivary gland tumor were studied by immunohistochemical techniques using the anti-keratin antibody and the anti myosin antibody. In the normal tissue, keratin was localized predominantly in the duct epithelial cells and myosin in the myoepithelial cells. According to the immunohistochemical staining patterns, the tumors were able to be divided into two groups: one group consisted of pleomorphic adenoma, adenoid cystic carcinoma, and adenocarcinoma which showed a mixture of keratin- and myosin-positive cells, respectively, mimicking the structures of the intercalated duct; the other comprised monomorphic adenoma and mucoepidermoid tumor which disclosed keratin positive cells predominantly, resembling the constituent of the excretory duct. These results were mostly consistent with the "bicellular theory" that the salivary tumors generate from the intercalated duct reserve cells and the excretory duct reserve cells. PMID- 6209916 TI - Species identification of epidermal cells in the human skin/nude mouse model with lectins. AB - A series of lectins were examined in order to find suitable epidermal species markers for the human skin/nude mouse model. In histological sections of formalin fixed and paraffin-embedded material it was found that the lectins GSA I and PNA could serve as suitable markers for murine and human epidermis, respectively. PMID- 6209917 TI - Placental alkaline phosphatase in testicular germ cell tumours and in carcinoma in-situ of the testis. An immunohistochemical study. AB - Recently, placental alkaline phosphatase (PLAP) has been suggested as a tumour marker in patients with seminomas (S), since elevated serum levels of PLAP were found with high frequency in these patients. The present immunoperoxidase study of 33 testicular germ cell tumours was undertaken to localize PLAP in the various types of these tumours as well as in the carcinoma-in-situ (CIS) pattern. Eighteen out of 19 (95%) S were PLAP positive compared to nine out of 14 (64%) non-seminomas (NS). In the NS the positive staining reaction was localized to tumour components of embryonal carcinoma (EC) in six cases, of choriocarcinoma (CC) in one and of S in two, while components of yolk sac tumour and teratoma were PLAP negative. The number of positively stained cells in S was much higher than in EC. The staining reaction was pronounced in the syncytiotrophoblast of CC and in some syncytiotrophoblast-like cells present in S. The staining reaction product was mainly confined to the cell membrane in the positive tumour types. In 20 out of 24 cases with CIS various numbers of CIS cells were PLAP positive, while PLAP was not found in normal germinal epithelium. Sixty three per cent of S patients had serum values above 1.0 micrograms/l, while such values occurred in 21% of NS patients. The tissue staining pattern for PLAP was found to correspond to the preoperative serum value. On the basis of these findings it is concluded that PLAP may be a useful marker in patients with S. Serum levels of PLAP may be used diagnostically in patients with testicular tumours and for monitoring therapy and detection of recurrences in patients with S. For optimal utility of this marker, determinations of serum profiles of PLAP are recommended. Finally, demonstration of PLAP in CIS indicates a functional relationship between CIS and S supporting the hypothesis that CIS is the precursor state of these tumours. PMID- 6209918 TI - Nuclear DNA record in a malignant rectal carcinoid. A case report. AB - A colo-rectal resection was performed on a 73-year-old woman with a preoperative diagnosis of rectal carcinoma. Morphological examination of the specimen revealed a rectal carcinoid tumor with regional lymph node and liver metastases. Silver stains demonstrated an argyrophil reaction in the tumor cells, but the argentaffin reaction and immunocytochemistry with monoclonal serotonin antibodies were negative. Imprint cytology of the tumor was examined cytofluorometrically and diploid nuclear DNA values were recorded with only few tetraploid cells (less than 2%.). It is suggested that diploid nuclear DNA values and a low proliferative activity are characteristic of malignant rectal carcinoids. PMID- 6209919 TI - Interaction of human IgG preparations with polymorphonuclear leukocytes in vitro. AB - The effect of purified human immunoglobulin G, prepared for intravenous administration by polyethylene glycol precipitation and ion exchange chromatography, on polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) in vitro was studied. IgG induced a dose-dependent stimulation of the oxidative metabolism of the cells, as measured by release of superoxide anion and by chemiluminescence. The lowest concentration giving a detectable effect was 0.001 mg/ml. Two commercially available preparations of IgG for clinical intravenous use caused similar stimulation of the PMN although they differ in methods of isolation and purification. The addition of 10% maltose markedly reduced the stimulation by all three preparations of IgG. We suggest that i.v. infusion of purified IgG may lead to activation in vivo of host phagocytic cells without participation of complement, and that this interaction may be responsible for the hitherto unexplained side-effects caused by i.v. infusion of such preparations. PMID- 6209920 TI - [Parathyroid hormone fragments relax guinea pig trachea in vitro]. PMID- 6209921 TI - Hyperplasia and hypertrophia in the denervated and distended rat urinary bladder. AB - The parasympathetically denervated and distended rat urinary bladder was found to have increased fourfold in weight when examined 3 weeks postoperatively. Both in muscularis and mucosa of such a bladder the synthesis of proteins, RNA and DNA was increased severalfold. An increase in the polyamines putrescine, spermidine and spermine was also found; these polyamines are usually linked to protein synthesis. The results suggest that the cells of the two layers increase both in size and number. Hyperplasia was, in a previous study, suggested as a possible explanation for a right-ward shift of the active length-tension curve of muscle strips in the denervated rat urinary bladder. PMID- 6209922 TI - Effects of gastric inhibitory polypeptide on dispersed pancreatic acinar cells from the guinea pig. AB - Purified natural porcine gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP), in high concentrations, was found to stimulate outflow of 45Ca, increase cellular accumulation of cyclic GMP and cyclic AMP and cause release of amylase from dispersed pancreatic acinar cells. Synthetic GIP increased cellular cyclic AMP levels, but did not affect outflux of calcium, cellular levels of cyclic GMP or release of amylase. The discrepancy between results with natural and synthetic preparations of porcine GIP may be explained by a possible contamination of natural GIP with cholecystokinin. Other examined pancreatic secretory stimulating peptides which induce cyclic AMP accumulation in acinar cells, also increase release of amylase. Synthetic GIP increased levels of cyclic AMP without affecting amylase release. This suggests that the correlation between amylase release and total cellular accumulation of cyclic AMP in response to GIP is not close. PMID- 6209923 TI - Right hemisphere superiority in processing new symbols for arithmetic operators. PMID- 6209924 TI - Ability of lithium to accelerate the recovery of granulopoiesis after subacute radiation injury. AB - Lithium stimulates granulopoietic recovery after mice are exposed to 2 Gy. By examining the hematopoietic inductive microenvironment (HIM) using the stromal colony assay, we demonstrate here that lithium, during the two weeks after irradiation, produced less stromal colony suppression than was observed from the irradiated controls. Recovery peaked by day 19 and returned to normal by day 28. This response was also observed in splenic derived stroma. Furthermore, stroma from lithium-irradiated animals supported the in vitro growth of granulocyte macrophage colonies (CFU-GM) greater than observed from irradiated controls. These data suggest lithium accelerates granulopoietic recovery by first providing for a completely reconstituted and functional HIM. PMID- 6209925 TI - Release of histamine and catecholamines in experimental asthma in dogs. PMID- 6209926 TI - Interaction between bacterial metabolites and some pesticides. I. Interaction between the phenolic compounds produced by Pseudomonas acidovorans and the herbicide Venzar. AB - The phenolic compounds produced by Pseudomonas acidovorans interacted with the herbicide Venzar changing its phytotoxicity. Bioassay with Chlorella vulgaris and lettuce showed that the interaction of the bacterial phenols and Venzar was synergistic or antagonistic depending on the concentration of the phenolic compounds its chemical structure and pH of the environment. The humic-like polymers isolated from the bacterial culture reduced to a small extent the phytotoxicity of Venzar. It was found that [C14]-labelled Venzer was incorporated into the bacterial humic-like compounds due to the action of the enzymatic system of the bacteria. PMID- 6209927 TI - Interaction between bacterial metabolites and some pesticides. II. Change of phytotoxicity of the herbicide Roneet by the phenolic metabolites of Arthrobacter sp. AB - The bacteria from Arthrobacter genus isolated from sugar beet rhizosphere were found to produce gallic, protocatechuic, p-hydroxybenzoic, syryngic, vanillic, veratric acids, p-quinone and two unidentified phenolic compounds. The mixture of the bacterial phenolic compounds increased the phytotoxicity of Roneet, inhibiting the germination of wheat. Model experiments showed that the phenolic acids used with the herbicide Roneet increased its phytotoxicity and p hydroxybenzoic acid was found to be the most active. It was found that in the presence of the phenolic acids, particularly of p-hydroxybenzoic acid, the herbicide content in the seeds of wheat was reduced. The UV and IR spectra of equimolar amounts of p-hydroxybenzoic acid and Roneet showed the hydrogen bond between H of carboxylic group of acid and O of C=O group of the Roneet molecule. It could be concluded that Roneet conjugated with p-hydroxybenzoic acid was more phytotoxic than the initial compounds. PMID- 6209928 TI - Effect of some quaternary benzylammonium salts on physiology of yeast. AB - In order to determine the biological activity of eight compounds belonging to a group of quaternary ammonium salts, their influence on the active methionine transport, the integrity of cell membranes, respiration, and viability of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and some other yeast species has been investigated. The earliest effect observed during ammonium salts action on yeast cells is an immediate methionine transport abolishment followed by its fast leakage, which indicates increasing cell membrane degradation. Gradual decline of other biological functions such as respiration and viability is thus a result of disintegration and lack of tightness of the cell membranes. The studied compounds are characterized by a rather unspecific spectrum of action on yeast resulting in irreversible damage of cell walls and cell membranes, which in consequence leads to cell death. PMID- 6209929 TI - Hydrolytic ability of acid protease of Fusarium culmorum and its possible role in phytopathogenesis. AB - It was found that the acid protease of Fusarium culmorum can hydrolyze various proteins of plant origin including polygalacturonase inhibitor from bean (BPI) and soybean trypsin inhibitor (STI). The highest hydrolysis extent of BPI and STI by the enzyme was only 5% and 3% respectively. The partially hydrolyzed BPI lost its inhibition ability to fungal polyglacturonases. Similarly, the partially hydrolyzed STI lost its inhibition ability to trypsin and fungal alkaline protease. The F. culmorum acid protease showed broad substrate specificity towards synthetic dipeptides. PMID- 6209930 TI - Cellulolytic activity of white, brown and gray wood rot fungi. AB - Culture fluids obtained from submerged cultures of white, brown and gray wood rot fungi were assayed for the presence of cellulolytic activity complexes against the model substrated carboxymethylcellulose-Na and Standard Whatman cellulose and natural substrates, i.e. celluloses isolated from pine bark and sawdust. The cellulolytic activity of the examined fungal species was highly differentiated. The use of model and natural substrates allowed determination of the high substrate specificity of the cellulase complexes produced by the fungi. Not all the fungi were found to produce EC 3.2.1.4. endo-1, 4-beta-glucanase under the culture conditions employed. All the fungi were, however, able to produce a complex of EC 3.2.1.4. exo-1, 4-beta-glucanases. All the examined fungi were also able to degrade, although to a varied extent, such higher forms of cellulose as Standard Whatman cellulose or natural celluloses isolated from pine bark and sawdust. Determination of the cellulolytic activity of fungi against the above mentioned specific natural substrates affords the possibility of their practical use. PMID- 6209931 TI - Generic composition and physiological and cultural properties of heterotrophic bacteria isolated from soil, rhizosphere and mycorrhizosphere of pine (Pinus silvestris L.). AB - Among the bacteria studied Arthrobacter globiformis was predominating in the root zone, while in the non-rhizosphere soil most numerous were Bacillus circulans and A. globiformis. Ammonifiers were more numerous among the root zone bacteria than among the root free soil organisms. The reverse was noted with bacteria capable of hydrolysing starch, cellulose, pectin and chitin. PMID- 6209932 TI - Metabolic activity of bacteria isolated from soil, rhizosphere and mycorrhizosphere of pine (Pinus silvestris L.). AB - Casamino acids were found to be the best substrate for bacteria isolated from soil, rhizosphere and mycorrhizosphere of pine. Most active with this substrate were however the root zone bacteria. Glucose was oxidized similarly by the bacteria isolated from the three sources. PMID- 6209933 TI - Chitynolytic bacteria in water and bottom sediments of two lakes of different trophy. AB - Chitynolytic bacteria were found in greater numbers in the eutrophic lake Jeziorak than in the mesotrophic lake Jasne. In both lakes higher chitynolytic activity was found in the planktonic than in the benthic bacteria. The capacity of chitin hydrolysis was found in bacteria of the genera Achromobacter, Bacillus, Nocardia, Pseudomonas, of the Flavobacterium-Cytophaga group and of the Enterobacteriaceae family. The chitinases synthesized by the studied bacteria were active in the pH range 5.0--8.0. The majority of the strains tested showed maximum activity at pH 5.0 or 6.0. PMID- 6209934 TI - Enzymatic activity of activated sludge in biological treatment of wastewater containing dimethylamine, dimethylformamide and methylethylketone. AB - Activated sludge treating synthetic wastewater carrying dimethylamine (DMA), dimethylformamide (DMF) and methylethylketone (MEK) was examined. The compounds in question were found to affect the enzymatic activity of the activated sludge. Dehydrogenase activity was higher than in control activated sludge and stabilization of this activity was achieved on the twelfth day of the run. Alkaline phosphatase activity was lower than in the control sludge. No correlation between activity of the studied enzymes and biodegradation of DMA, DMF and MEK was observed. PMID- 6209935 TI - Biosynthesis of penicillin amidase by Escherichia coli in organic media. PMID- 6209937 TI - Progress in aphasiology. PMID- 6209936 TI - The induction of enhanced glucosamine incorporation into the cell-envelope of Escherichia coli K-12 by the antibiotic tetaine. AB - The dipeptide antibiotic tetaine and its C-terminal aminoacid-anticapsin are powerfull inhibitors of glucosamine-synthetase EC 5.3.1.19 activity in cell-free extract from Escherichia coli K-12. Tetaine strongly inhibits the incorporation of diaminopimelic acid into the peptidoglycan of bacteria. In media with carbon source other than glucose tetaine induced of enhanced glucosamine incorporation into the cell-envelope of Escherichia coli K-12. Compounds from cell-envelope with enhanced labeled glucosamine contents are solubilisable by pronase treatment. PMID- 6209938 TI - Progress in aphasiology. Introduction. PMID- 6209939 TI - Intracarotid amytal test in the assessment of language dominance. PMID- 6209940 TI - Genetics of handedness in relation to language disorder. PMID- 6209941 TI - The natural history of aphasia. PMID- 6209942 TI - Task- and modality-specific aphasias. PMID- 6209943 TI - Language input variables in aphasia. PMID- 6209944 TI - Word order processing in aphasia: effect of verb semantics. PMID- 6209945 TI - Interpretation of spelling disorders in aphasia: impact of recent developments in cognitive psychology. PMID- 6209946 TI - Sentence comprehension and production in aphasia: an application of lexical grammar. PMID- 6209947 TI - Phonologic disturbances in aphasia: is there a "markedness effect" in aphasic phonetic errors? PMID- 6209948 TI - Some linguistic components of acalculia. PMID- 6209949 TI - Recovery from aphasia. PMID- 6209950 TI - Involvement of head movement in speech production and its implications for language pathology. AB - Analysis of head movement during speech, monitored by the polarized light goniometer, showed that head movement accompanies speech almost continuously in a manner specific to the concomitant, suprasegmental speech features. Thus initiation of speech after long pauses was accompanied by wide, linear movements (PS). The termination of speech in a pause (terminal juncture) was accompanied by movements of medium amplitudes and frequencies (OM). Sharp, intense movements (RM) were indicative of a peak in loudness, and often of a major phonetic stress. Finally, a speech disturbance was accompanied by movement if it involved a sharp prosodic transition. We suggest that these correlations indicate that head movement may have a role in speech production, regulating the many degrees of freedom and the dissipation of energy in speech. Furthermore, head movements may play a role in linguistic processing through the generative functions of stress, prominence, and orienting responses. Implications for speech pathology, especially dysphasia, are discussed. PMID- 6209951 TI - Variability and consistency in picture naming by aphasic patients. PMID- 6209952 TI - Assessment of understanding in global aphasia. PMID- 6209953 TI - The Aachen Aphasia Test. PMID- 6209954 TI - Approaches to aphasia treatment. PMID- 6209955 TI - Reeducation strategies in neuropsychology: cognitive and pragmatic approaches. PMID- 6209956 TI - Advances in the evaluation and treatment of speech apraxia. PMID- 6209957 TI - Dysprosody as part of the aphasic language disorder. PMID- 6209958 TI - Aphasia with exclusively consonant-vowel recurring utterances: tan-tan revisited. PMID- 6209959 TI - Praxis in aphasia. PMID- 6209960 TI - The language of dementia. PMID- 6209961 TI - Computed tomography localization of standard aphasic syndromes. PMID- 6209962 TI - Aphasiology: present status and trends. PMID- 6209963 TI - Aphasias associated with computed tomography scan lesions outside Broca's and Wernicke's areas. PMID- 6209964 TI - Language disorders and their relationship to thalamic lesions. PMID- 6209965 TI - Evidence for alternative pathways of methionine catabolism. PMID- 6209966 TI - Antibodies of predetermined specificity in biology and medicine. PMID- 6209967 TI - A major role of the macrophage in quantitative genetic regulation of immunoresponsiveness and antiinfectious immunity. PMID- 6209968 TI - The human thymic microenvironment. AB - Several major points should be emphasized that provide directions for future research. First, using monoclonal reagents we have been able to phenotypically identify four major regions of the human thymus microenvironment: the thymic capsule, interlobular septae and stroma (TE-7+), the subcapsular cortex (TE-4+, Thy-1+, A2B5+, anti-p19+, BB TECS+, TE-3+), the cortex (TE-3+), and the medulla (TE-4+, A2B5+, anti-p19+, BB TECS+). TE-4+ and TE-3+ thymic epithelium constitute HLA+, Ia+ subsets of thymic epithelium that are candidates for cell types of the human thymic microenvironment that might participate in conferring MHC restriction to maturing T lymphocytes. TE-7+ stroma most likely represents the mesodermal-derived thymic component that early in development induces thymic epithelial differentiation. Second, whereas TE-4, anti-p19, and BB TECS antibodies may be thymic epithelial lineage markers, they all react with the basal layer of squamous epithelium of various organs. In particular, in the tonsil, A2B5+, TE-4+ epithelium splays out in the base of tonsillar crypts and morphologically appears similar to thymic medullary epithelial cells. Therefore, these markers of endocrine thymic epithelium may also identify extrathymic areas of T cell differentiation. Third, the concept that thymic epithelium is constantly differentiating in the developed thymus is suggested by the coexpression of TE-4, TE-8, TE-16, and TE-15 antigen by layers of squamous epithelial keratinocytes and by thymic epithelium. That there is a TE-4/TE-8/TE 15 keratinocyte maturation pathway in skin gives credence to the notion that a similar pathway exists from TE-4+, TE-8-, TE-15- endocrine medullary epithelial cells to TE-4-, TE-8+, TE-15+ Hassall's bodies. Fourth, from the literature and the work presented in this review, three phases of thymic microenvironment development can be defined. The first phase is during early fetal development (4 to 8 weeks in humans) when mesodermal-derived fibrous tissue induces endodermal and ectodermal-derived thymic epithelium to proliferate and mature. TE-7+ mesenchymal stroma invaginates TE-4+ thymic epithelium and effects thymic lobulation. The second phase occurs between 9 and 15 weeks fetal development when the thymic primordia is colonized by blood-borne thymocyte precursors. Presumably during this stage, thymic epithelium promotes bone marrow cell colonization of thymus by producing chemoattractant molecules.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6209970 TI - [A case of renal carcinoma with bone metastasis, producing alpha-fetoprotein]. AB - A 54-year-old man was admitted with the complaint of severe lumbago, pain in the right shoulder and difficulty in walking. Laboratory tests showed markedly increased alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) level (600 ng/ml) and tomography demonstrated osteolytic lesion of the 5th lumbar vertebra and right scapula. Needle biopsy of the 5th lumbar vertebra revealed only necrotic tissue pathologically. Liver scan and whole body CT did not show any abnormality except for a right renal mass. Hypervascular tumor at the lower pole of the right kidney was noted by IVP and selective renal angiography. No pulmonary metastasis was found. The patient underwent transabdominal right nephrectomy. He had a lowered level of AFP (300 ng/ml) on the 17th post operative day. AFP level dropped further to 100 ng/ml after administration of vinblastine and ifosfamide. Lumbago continued without improving, and the patient died at home 20 weeks after surgery due to general weakness. Although we did not perform radiological examination of gastro intestinal tract or autopsy, we concluded that renal cancer and/or a metastatic lesion to bone produced AFP because of the following reasons. No other tumor was detected by liver scan, whole body CT, laboratory examinations, operation or clinical symptoms. The AFP level was lowered after nephrectomy, and further dropped with chemotherapy. A case of renal cancer with bone metastasis and without liver metastasis, producing AFP was reported in the Japanese literature in 1983. PMID- 6209969 TI - Recovery and viability of Dirofilaria immitis microfilariae. AB - The viability of Dirofilaria immitis microfilariae recovered from canine blood by different methods was determined. Microfilaria recovery techniques included saponin lysis, saponin lysis with a trypsin treatment, dextran sedimentation and phytohemagglutinin treatment. Criteria for evaluating viability were microfilarial motility in vitro at 37 degrees C, microfilarial development in mosquitoes and the ability of microfilariae to circulate in mice. Although each method produced motile microfilariae, differences among groups of microfilariae recovered by different techniques were apparent by each of the criteria for viability. Saponin lysis gave superior yields of viable microfilariae. PMID- 6209971 TI - Antigen-specific suppression of the experimental immune complex glomerulonephritis in rabbits by means of highly hot labelled antigen. AB - We succeeded in suppressing almost completely the development of glomerular immune disease in a new experimental model, i.e. in the model of immune complex glomerulonephritis. Previous injection of highly hot labelled BSA was able to prevent very significantly the appearance of kidney injury. This result must be interpreted as the consequence of suppression of the synthesis of anti-BSA antibody by means of previously applied highly hot labelled BSA. As a consequence of the lack of anti-BSA-antibodies there is no formation of antigen-antibody complexes, no deposition of these complexes in the glomerulus basement membrane, and no development of glomerular immune complex disease. Radioactivity alone (125I coupled to HGH) was not capable of modifying or suppressing the synthesis of antibody and consequently, the formation of antigen-antibody complexes. PMID- 6209972 TI - Clinical and therapeutical aspects of cold urticaria (urticaria a frigore). AB - A new drug with inhibitory properties on the Mast Cell degranulation, Ketotifen, was administered in 87 patients suffering from idiopathic urticaria a frigore (iUF). The first group (A), with 52 patients effectuated prophylactic management for 4 months with Ketotifen (K) (2 mg/day) and Clemastine (C) (2 mg/day) according to the double blind crossover method. Both the drugs were administrated in stages of 2 months each. The second group (B), with 35 patients (having previously failed a prophylactic attempt with Cyproheptadine) received only K, for two months. The results of group. A were favourable (clinical improvements over 50%) in 86.6% of the patients treated with K and in 50% of the patients treated with C. The mention is made that 36.6% from favourable results obtained with C in the second stage, appeared as a continuation of the improvements determined by K in the first stage. The lowering of the skin response to Cold Test (CT) was obtained in 55.8% of the patients treated with K and only in 7.6% of them who received C. Group B obtained favourable clinical results in 62% cases and the diminution of CT in 42% cases. Finally a few lesser known clinical and aetiopathogenic aspects of iUF resulting from the analysis of the patients investigated are presented. PMID- 6209973 TI - [Tuftsin]. AB - Literature review. The tetrapeptide tuftsin (Thr-Lys-Pro-Arg) is cleaved off the carrier IgG molecule enzymatically and stimulates the phagocytic and bactericidal activity of polymorphonuclear leucocytes and macrophages. The action of tuftsin is mediated by specific receptor sites on the surface of these cells. Its antitumor activity has been shown in vitro as well as in vivo. The influence of tuftsin on the major metabolic processes of the cell (hexosemonophosphate shunt; cAMP/cGMP; Ca++-distribution; redox reactions) is the basis of its mode of action.--The feature of tuftsin and its low toxicity make it a useful agent for immunotherapy. PMID- 6209974 TI - [The importance of active rosette-forming cells and specific antigen-binding cells in the diagnosis of rejection after allogeneic orthotopic kidney transplantation]. AB - After allogeneic renal transplantation in 26 female pigs the kinetics of the immunological reactivity against the graft have been investigated with a specific test, the antigen specific rosette test and an unspecific test, the active E rosette test. In acute and chronic rejection the level of antigen specific rosette forming cells reflects very well the clinical signs of rejection. Because of early occurrence of immunological reactivity in the case of frequent (daily) testing this test is suitable for a relative sure prediction of rejection episodes. In spite of their relative good correlations to the increase of serum creatinine, posttransplant increase and decrease of active rosette forming cells are not always in an uniform temporal relation to the rejection process. For that reason this test alone is not suitable for diagnosis of rejection. However, high preoperative values (greater than or equal to 18% active T cells) refer to an increased readiness to immunological reactivity of recipient against the graft and reflect contraindication to transplantation. If active rosette forming cells (greater than or equal to 18%) and antigen specific rosette forming cells show maxima at the same time, than follow in high significance strong cell mediated rejections. On this way the active E-rosette test completes the values of the antigen specific rosette test. PMID- 6209975 TI - [The lysozyme liberation test--a method for the demonstration of stimulation of human neutrophil granulocytes and monocytes]. AB - A method for proof of induced secretion of lysozyme as a marker of lysosomal enzymes is described. Secretory cells are neutrophil granulocytes and monocytes. The stimulation of the cells is affected by soluble inductors. We used phytohemagglutinin (PHA), Concanavalin A (Con A), purified protein derivates (PPD) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Myelin basic protein has a direct stabilizing action on the membrane of lysosomes and induces an increased secretory reaction of cells after irritation. That is why it is recommended to add this substance as a supplement to the culture medium of the test. The optimal incubation parameters for the lysozyme release assay are ascertained. The method is recommended to apply in the fundamental investigation, for testing of stimulating or antiphlogistic agents and in the clinical functional diagnosis. PMID- 6209976 TI - [Lymphocyte separation with dextran M 70]. AB - We investigated the possibility using Dextran M 70 instead of the common Ficoll 400, both in combination with Visotrast 370, for separation of lymphocytes from human peripheral blood by density gradient centrifugation. No significant differences were found with regard to parameters such as yield and vitality and numbers of B- (surface immunoglobulins) and T-lymphocytes (sheep red blood cells rosette assay, and the monoclonal antibody BL-T2). From the data available as yet we can conclude--at least for the markers studied--that it is possible to use Dextran M 70 instead of Ficoll 400 for the separation of mononuclear cells of human peripheral blood. PMID- 6209977 TI - Transluminal balloon coarctation angioplasty: experience with 27 patients. AB - Transluminal balloon angioplasty (BA) was performed in 27 consecutive patients with coarctation of the aorta (COA), including 7 infants with preductal COA, 7 patients with restenosed COA after surgical repair, and 13 older children and 1 adult with unoperated COA. The patients were 4 days to 27 years old. The balloon was positioned across the COA and inflated sequentially to pressures of 100 and 120 psi, each inflation lasting for 5 to 10 seconds. Peak systolic pressure gradient (PSG) across the COA was recorded and an aortogram was performed before and immediately after BA. PSG also was recorded during follow-up studies performed in 13 patients 3 to 24 months after BA. BA was performed without complications in each patient. Immediately after BA, the mean PSG was reduced from 49 +/- 21 to 10 +/- 7 mm Hg (p less than 0.01), and the mean COA diameter increased from 3.9 +/- 1.4 to 9.6 +/- 3.6 mm (p less than 0.01). After a follow up period of 3 to 24 months, the mean PSG remained low (15 +/- 11 mm Hg) and the mean COA diameter increased to 10.5 +/- 4.6 mm. BA can be performed safely. It can be a useful palliative treatment in seriously ill infants with COA. PMID- 6209978 TI - Feasibility of laser catheter valvulotomy for aortic and mitral stenosis. PMID- 6209979 TI - Hypnotic intervention in cardiac arrhythmias: advantages, disadvantages, precautions, and theoretical considerations. PMID- 6209980 TI - Development of normal tissue damage in the rat subsequent to thoracic irradiation and prior treatment with cancer chemotherapeutic agents. AB - The effect of combined modalities (radiotherapy-chemotherapy) on the development of long-term normal tissue damage was investigated in rats. Animals received single I.P. injections of Hank's balanced saline solution, adriamycin (ADR, 1.0 mg/kg), bleomycin (BLM, 10 units/kg), or dihydroxyanthraquinone (DHAQ, 3.0 mg/kg); and/or irradiation of the chest with 25 MV x-rays (12 Gy) at 0, 43, 93, or 199 days after drug treatment. Only animals treated with DHAQ displayed appreciable toxicity, with more animals dying at less than 200 days when radiation was added at 0 or 43 days. Although animals treated with BLM or radiation exhibited evidence of lung damage (histologically by 199 days and radiographically by 300 days), their survival was not compromised. The simultaneous administration of x-ray and BLM produced enhanced effects as compared to either agent alone. These results demonstrate an enhancement of normal tissue damage by combined treatment with radiation and chemotherapeutic agents, not only for acute toxicity but also for long-term effects. This damage was ultimately expressed as alteration of lung structure (histologically and radiographically) in the case of BLM, and as animal lethality in the case of DHAQ. In addition, there was a reduction in the degree of enhancement observed as a function of the separation in time between treatment with chemotherapeutic agents and subsequent irradiation. These factors should be considered when combined modality therapy is used for treatment of cancer in the thoracic region. PMID- 6209981 TI - Philip Levine award lecture: blood group glycolipid antigens and their modifications as human cancer antigens. PMID- 6209983 TI - Transscleral ruby laser cyclocoagulation. AB - During a ten-year period, we treated 241 eyes by transscleral ruby laser cyclocoagulation. Each eye had a minimum follow-up of six months. The average was 24 months and the range was six to 92 months. Using a criterion for success of intraocular pressure between 5 and 22 mm Hg, we achieved an overall success rate of 62% (150 of 241 eyes). This success rate varied from 86% for aphakic open angle glaucoma (32 of 37 eyes) to 53% for neovascular glaucoma (72 of 135 eyes). Most eyes with useful vision preoperatively maintained these levels. Chronic hypotony (41 eyes) and phthisis (17 eyes) were the most frequent complications, although phthisis was common only in the neovascular glaucoma group (13 eyes). The visual results are more favorable and the need for retreatment and postoperative medications is less than with cyclocryotherapy, and postoperative discomfort is considerably reduced. PMID- 6209982 TI - Weaver-Smith syndrome. A case study with long-term follow-up. AB - We studied a 6-year-old-boy who was followed up from infancy and who had Weaver Smith syndrome (WSS), a syndrome characterized by excessive growth, dysmorphic facies, psychomotor retardation, and specific radiologic features. The child's height and bone age were far greater than his chronological age and he demonstrated hypothyroidism at the age of 6 years, but had no endocrinologic abnormalities when he was examined at 11 months of age and again at 4 years of age. We compared the clinical and laboratory features of this child with all other reported cases of WSS. PMID- 6209984 TI - Sea-fan neovascularization in diabetes with thalassemia. PMID- 6209985 TI - Mechanisms of synergism between glucose and cAMP on stimulation of insulin release. AB - The mechanism of synergism between glucose and adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) on insulin release has been studied. Synergism may result from 1) inhibition of Na+-Ca2+ exchange by glucose and 2) a cAMP-induced sensitization of the release machinery to Ca2+. To distinguish between these two possibilities, isolated rat pancreatic islets were perifused with agents that raise intracellular levels of cAMP [3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX) and forskolin] and others that increase intracellular concentrations of Ca2+ either by blocking Na2+-Ca2+ exchange (ouabain and choline-Ringer solution) or by causing increased Ca2+ influx (KCl, carbachol, and 10 mM Ca2+). The results indicate that both the combination of cAMP and increased Ca2+ influx or blocked Na2-Ca2+ exchange and increased Ca2+ influx potentiated insulin release. When the relative potentiating abilities of cAMP and blocked Na2+-Ca2+ exchange were compared by determining the individual effects of IBMX and 1 mM ouabain (a concentration that causes similar inhibition of 45C2+ efflux as 16.7 mM glucose) in the presence of carbachol, cAMP was only 1.4 times more potent as a potentiating agent than blocked Na+-Ca2+ exchange. The greatest potentiation of insulin release was observed when Na+-Ca2+ exchange was blocked in the presence of increased levels of intracellular cAMP. PMID- 6209986 TI - Short-term effects of feeding raw soya flour on pancreatic cell turnover in the rat. AB - Pancreatic acinar cell turnover was studied after a 48-h fast and in rats fed raw soya flour (RSF) for up to 28 days. Feeding RSF for 2 days resulted in a significant increase in pancreatic weight and RNA content while protein was increased by the 4th day compared with rats fasted for 48 h. RSF also resulted in a significant increase in RNA by the 4th day and weight and protein by the 7th day compared with rats fed heated soya flour (HSF). This pancreatic hypertrophy was maintained for the rest of the study period. Two days after starting RSF, pancreatic DNA synthesis, measured by the rate of incorporation of [3H]thymidine into pancreatic DNA, had increased sixfold compared with that in animals fed HSF but returned to control values again by the 4th day on the diet. Autoradiography showed that this increase in DNA synthesis occurred in both acinar and duct cells, with turnover in acinar cells preceding that in duct cells. A second more gradual rise in DNA synthesis was seen from the 7th to 28th day. This peak in DNA synthesis was associated with an increased total pancreatic DNA content and occurred predominately in duct cells with a smaller contribution from acinar cells. Histological studies of the pancreas during the 1st wk showed cell damage and tissue necrosis, possibly due to exposure to high levels of cholecystokinin released by RSF. The first peak in DNA synthesis may be a regenerative response to this damage. The second more delayed peak appears to be hyperplasia in response to a trophic stimulus, again possibly mediated by cholecystokinin. PMID- 6209987 TI - Opposing effects of captopril and aprotinin on tubuloglomerular feedback responses. AB - We investigated the effect of two protease inhibitors, captopril and aprotinin, on tubuloglomerular feedback. In anesthetized rats, 15 or 25 mg/kg captopril significantly reduced the change of early proximal flow rate achieved by raising loop of Henle perfusion rate from 0 to 40 nl/min. Consistent with this reduction of maximum responses, there was a rise of single nephron glomerular filtration rate from 30.7 +/- 1.15 to 35.0 +/- 0.93 nl/min (P less than 0.01) following 25 mg/kg captopril. Infusion of aprotinin at 40,000 KIU/h produced an increase in maximum feedback responses from 38.2 +/- 1.66 to 56.8 +/- 2.35% (P less than 0.05). Infusion of aprotinin in two different doses (20,000 or 40,000 KIU/h) diminished or prevented the effect of 25 mg/kg captopril on maximum feedback responses. Since the main action of aprotinin is believed to be kallikrein inhibition, our data suggest that the magnitude of feedback responses may be affected by the kallikrein-kinin system and that the action of captopril may be in part mediated by its interference with kinin metabolism. PMID- 6209988 TI - Glomerular and postglomerular permselectivity to anionic dextrans in the dog. AB - Glomerular (G) and postglomerular (PG) capillary permselectivity to anionic dextran markers was investigated using the multiple-indicator-dilution (MID) technique in anesthetized mongrel dogs (n = 14). A bolus of solutes that included sulfated [3H]dextran (SO4d) homogeneous fractions 15.0-28.5 A Stokes-Einstein radius, 125I-albumin (plasma reference), [14C]inulin (G reference), and creatinine (interstitial reference) was injected into the left renal artery. Serial samples of left renal venous and urine outflows were rapidly collected. Sulfated [3H]dextran was 100% recovered, indicating no secretion or reabsorption. The urine recovery of the extracellular indicators was a measure of G extraction (EG). Mean EGSO4d/EGi (+/- SD) ranged from 0.82 +/- 0.03 to 0.48 +/- 0.02 for SO4d's 15.0-28.5 A and was invariant with renal plasma flow (F). These values were 30-50% less than the fractional EG for neutral [3H]dextrans. Postglomerular capillary extraction (EPG) was calculated from the renal vein outflow curve upslope ratios. EPGso4d/EPGcreat varied inversely with F, confirming PG diffusion limitation. Mean permeability-surface area (PS) product ratios PSSO4d/PSi (+/- SD) ranged from 0.98 +/- 0.01 to 0.55 +/- 0.04 for SO4d's 15.0-28.5 A and were consistently larger than values for neutral [3H]dextrans of the same molecular size. In contrast to G charge limitation to anionic solute flux, the PG capillaries demonstrate an increase in apparent permeability to anionic relative to neutral dextrans. PMID- 6209989 TI - CSF neurochemistry in depressed, manic, and schizophrenic patients compared with that of normal controls. AB - A total of 114 subjects (41 depressed, 20 schizophrenic, 15 manic, and 38 normal controls) underwent lumbar puncture and their CSF was analyzed for levels of tyrosine, tryptophan, homovanillic acid (HVA), 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5 HIAA), 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG), choline, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and calcium. Results showed that depressed patients, particularly those over 40 years of age, had lower levels of GABA than did controls, and that their level of HVA increased with age, while controls' decreased. Schizophrenic subjects tended to have higher levels of 5-HIAA and manic subjects tended to have higher levels of HVA and MHPG. Age-associated changes were found in HVA, 5-HIAA, MHPG, GABA, and choline concentrations. PMID- 6209990 TI - Is homelessness a mental health problem? AB - Seventy-eight homeless men, women, and children staying at an emergency shelter were interviewed. The vast majority were found to have severe psychological illnesses that largely remained untreated. Approximately 91% were given primary psychiatric diagnoses: About 40% had psychoses, 29% were chronic alcoholics, and 21% had personality disorders. Approximately one-third had been hospitalized for psychiatric care. The authors discuss the relationship of mental health policy to the homeless and suggest that shelters have become alternative institutions to meet the needs of mentally ill people who are no longer cared for by departments of mental health. PMID- 6209991 TI - Differences in brain serotonergic metabolism between nonbulimic and bulimic patients with anorexia nervosa. AB - CSF concentrations of serotonin and dopamine metabolites in 16 patients with anorexia nervosa were measured before and after probenecid administration, and the patients were studied before and at intervals after weight recovery. After probenecid administration, the weight-recovered nonbulimic anorexic patients had a higher concentration of the serotonin metabolite, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, than the weight-recovered bulimic patients but no significant differences in CSF homovanillic acid. This finding is consistent with evidence that suggests a role for brain serotonin metabolism in carbohydrate and mood regulation. PMID- 6209992 TI - Histogenesis of benign pleomorphic adenoma (mixed tumor) of the major salivary glands. An ultrastructural and immunohistochemical study. AB - Twenty-two benign pleomorphic adenomas of the major salivary glands were studied by transmission electron microscopy and immunohistochemical techniques (three cases) in order to characterize the cell types comprising the epithelial and so called mesenchymal regions of the tumors. Light- and electron-microscopic studies showed the tumors to consist of variable mixtures of neoplastic ductular epithelial cells, rare acinar cells, and metaplastic myoepithelial cells. Many of the loosely organized "stromal cells" contained structures indicative of their myoepithelial origin, e.g., perinuclear tonofilaments, ectoplasmic actin microfilaments, and remnants of basement membrane. Polyclonal antikeratin antisera strongly stained ductular epithelial and myoepithelial cells, squamoid cell nests, and periductular myoepithelial cells, whereas myxoid and chondroid cells were less intensely stained. Monoclonal cytokeratin antibody AE1 stained only the ductular epithelial cells in both the normal glands and tumors. In contrast, S-100 protein, which is present only in scattered acinar cells and myoepithelial cells in the normal parotid gland, was found in the ductular and periductular myoepithelial cells, isolated myxoid cells, and chondroid and cartilagenous cells in the tumors. Actin was found in all the cell types of the tumor but staining was strongest in the ducts. Double immunofluorescence staining for cytokeratin and vimentin revealed coexpression of both types of intermediate filaments in occasional normal acinar and intercalated duct myoepithelial cells, and in some cells in the myxoid and chondroid regions of the tumors. In the tumors, vimentin was present in occasional periductular myoepithelial cells, stellate myxoid cells, and especially in chondroid cells and chondrocytes. Our findings indicate that benign pleomorphic adenomas of the major salivary glands are pure epithelial cell tumors. The histologic complexity of these neoplasms is due to the ability of the neoplastic ductular myoepithelial cell to modulate its morphologic appearance and intermediate filament composition, and to produce large amounts of matrix substances. We further postulate that these tumors arise from neoplastically transformed intercalated ducts. PMID- 6209993 TI - Benign polyps with prostatic-type epithelium of the urethra and the urinary bladder. A suggestion of histogenesis based on histologic and immunohistochemical studies. AB - The clinicohistologic features of seven urethral and four urinary bladder polyps with prostatic-type epithelium are described. The average age of the patients was 50 years. Seven patients had prior cystoscopies and in none of them was the lesion noted initially. Histologically the lesions were papillary or polypoid and the surface was lined predominantly by prostatic-type epithelium with interspersed transitional epithelial cells or by transitional epithelium with interspersed prostatic-type epithelial cells. The prostatic-type columnar cells contained foamy, faintly eosinophilic cytoplasm, which stained strongly for prostate specific antigen and prostatic acid phosphatase. In all the lesions, there were prostatic acini in the underlying fibrovascular stroma, which was devoid of smooth muscle. The intermingling of prostatic-type cells and transitional epithelium, on the surface of the polyps, the absence of lesions at previous cystoscopies, the coexistence of cystitis cystica glandularis (a metaplastic lesion), and the older age group of our patients suggest that the prostatic-type epithelium in the polyps of urethra and urinary bladder is an acquired lesion, most likely a metaplastic response of transitional epithelium, which embryologically was multipotential. PMID- 6209994 TI - Assessment of viability of Schistosoma mansoni miracidia by Congo red staining. AB - The viability of Schistosoma mansoni miracidia, either hatched or unhatched, has been assessed by a staining technique using Congo red, a pH-sensitive dye (pH 3 5), under the light microscope. Hatched, free-swimming miracidia and live miracidia inside egg shells were stained light blue whereas dying miracidia altered the dye color from blue to orange and eventually to red. Immature eggs containing undeveloped miracidia were not stained by Congo red. This staining technique is simple, rapid and can be used as a method to assess both the viability of S. mansoni miracidia and the hatching process. PMID- 6209995 TI - Histamine release with vecuronium. PMID- 6209996 TI - Quantitation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in diesel exhaust particulate matter by high-performance liquid chromatography fractionation and high resolution gas chromatography. PMID- 6209997 TI - Some concerns about the use of encapsulated freeze-dried foods in blind food challenges. PMID- 6209999 TI - The control of the immune response. PMID- 6209998 TI - Changes in specific B cells and the dissemination of the primed state in vivo following antigenic stimulation by different mucosal routes. AB - Immunologic dogma holds that the adaptive and long-term potential of the antibody response is fashioned by antigen-dependent, selective clonal proliferation of specific B cells and the retention of some which may undergo a second round of antigen-stimulated clonal expansion with antibody production. Apparently, the short-term, immediate consequences of an antibody response depend on the mix of isotypes displayed in vivo upon exposure to antigen. This latter seems to be clearly regulated by T cells, but it is also likely that the isotype potential of a B cell population and its future possible display of isotypes is linked to the initial, antigen-dependent proliferative phase in the development of an antibody response. In vitro analysis at limiting dilutions of specific B cells primed in vivo has led to the operational definition of IgA-committed cells. These B cells increase in frequency following chronic or acute antigenic stimulation of gut mucosa and have the potential to proliferate again in the presence of antigen and TH(Ag) cells to produce exclusively IgA. A general relationship exists between mucosal or parenteral priming of B cells and their potentials to express IgA and/or IgE--both isotypes appear to be likely products of secondary B cells and frequently both can be expressed by the same clone activated by a second-round of T-dependent antigenic stimulation. Cross priming--exposure of GALT or BALT leading to secondary B cells in the opposite mucosal lymphoid tissue--suggests an inherent antagonism between development of allergic (IgE) and putative allergy blocking (IgA) potentials.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6210000 TI - Management of food allergies. AB - The mainstay of successful management of food allergy is the identification of the offending food(s), as verified by the elimination-challenge test. Dietary elimination is the most effective and inexpensive method, but its success depends on several factors. Initially, dietary elimination may need to be strict, but later certain patients may discover that they can tolerate limited quantities or certain preparations of the offending food without significant symptoms. In certain cases, provision of a substitute or a nutritional supplement may be needed. Food allergy in infants who are exclusively breast-fed requires elimination of the offending food from the mother's diet. Because of cross antigenicity, certain patients may also need to avoid other members of the food family. This phenomenon is especially noticeable among seafoods. In certain patients who have mild to moderate sensitivity to multiple foods that cannot be completely avoided, rotation diets may be both effective and more convenient. In a few patients, conventional elimination diets may be followed for limited time periods until all offending foods are identified. In addition to symptomatic treatment, pharmacologic agents may be taken for prophylaxis. Antihistamines, oral cromolyn and possibly other medications, when taken before an anticipated exposure or on a regular basis, may prevent or minimize the symptoms in certain patients. At present, no adequate evidence supports the use of hyposensitization therapy with food extracts. The prognosis of food allergy is more favorable in children than in adults. Most food-sensitive infants and young children will tolerate the offending food after 1-2 years of avoidance. PMID- 6210001 TI - Innervation of the cerebral vasculature. AB - With the development of specific antibodies to vasoactive peptides and application of immunohistochemistry and radioimmunoassay methods, knowledge of vascular innervation has grown rapidly. In the cerebral circulation, four possible neurotransmitters are present: norepinephrine, acetylcholine, vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), and substance P. There is a dense adrenergic innervation of cerebral arteries, but contractile responses to nerve stimulation or circulating catecholamines are relatively small both in vitro and in vivo. Recent studies using radioligand binding techniques indicate a lack of specific 3H-prazosin binding in cerebral arteries, in contrast to other vascular beds. Thus a lack of alpha1-adrenergic receptors in cerebral arteries may account for weak responsiveness to sympathetic stimulation. Both VIP and acetylcholine may be vasodilator neurotransmitters, but blockade of cholinergic responses does not alter neurogenic vasodilation. The lack of specific VIP antagonists hampers efforts to explore this system more fully. Substance P-containing nerves are affected by capsaicin, supporting the hypothesis that these are primary sensory afferents, perhaps mediating pain. Future work in this area may focus on defining the pathways of these nerves and exploring the role of co-transmitters and possible interactions between nerves. With this basic information, experiments can be designed to elucidate more clearly the functional roles these nerves play. PMID- 6210002 TI - Predictive factors for bleomycin-induced pneumonitis. AB - Five pulmonary function tests (transfer factor for carbon monoxide, diffusing capacity of the alveolar-capillary membrane, pulmonary capillary blood volume, alveolar volume, vital capacity) were performed, and creatinine clearance was measured in 39 patients with disseminated testicular nonseminomatous tumor treated with a combination chemotherapy containing bleomycin. Eight of these patients (20.5%) developed bleomycin-induced pneumonitis (BIP). To investigate which parameter has value in predicting BIP, a discriminant analysis was performed. The combination of a low normal creatinine clearance, a decrease in vital capacity and alveolar volume without a decrease in pulmonary capillary blood volume, pointed to an increased risk. We concluded that it is worthwhile to monitor these parameters and, if necessary, to adapt the chemotherapy of a patient at risk. PMID- 6210003 TI - Lung parenchymal injury induced by bleomycin. AB - Bleomycin, a chemotherapeutic agent used to treat various malignancies, is thought to directly injure lung tissue. Granulocytes, which can also injure lung tissue, are found in large numbers in the initial stages of bleomycin-induced lung injury. An in vitro method, using 3H-uridine-labeled rat lung explants as the target tissue, was used to determine whether bleomycin could directly injure lung tissue. Bleomycin itself injured the explants in a dose-dependent manner. Supernatants of explants exposed to bleomycin exhibited chemotactic activity for granulocytes. The bleomycin-exposed tissues, but not their supernatants, induced granulocytes to produce superoxide anion. These studies demonstrated that bleomycin can directly injure lung tissue at doses approaching peak serum levels in humans, and that granulocytes may be attracted to the lung by a chemotactic factor released by lung tissue injured by bleomycin. These studies suggested that granulocytes may play a significant role in bleomycin-induced lung injury. PMID- 6210004 TI - Modulation of the late asthmatic response by antigen-specific immunoglobulin G in an animal model. AB - The late asthmatic response (LAR) occurs 4 to 12 h after antigenic challenge and has been related to the severity of asthma. In addition, improvement of asthmatic symptoms after immunotherapy has also been related to loss of the LAR. Because the LAR seems to be a critical component of asthma, we employed an animal model of the LAR to study its immunopathogenesis, concentrating on the role of antigen specific rabbit homocytotropic (IgE) and heterocytotropic (IgG) antibodies to Alternaria tenuis. Serum samples from rabbits previously immunized with Alternaria extract were infused into age-matched previously nonimmunized recipients. Groups of recipients were categorized according to the immune status of the transfused serum: E-only, E/G, subdivided into E/low G (1:256 to 1:512) and E/high G 1:2,048), G (serum heat-treated to minimize IgE), and Control (transfused with serum from nonimmunized rabbits). Subsequently, pulmonary function was measured before and for 6 h after challenge with aerosolized Alternaria tenuis by recording pulmonary resistance, functional residual capacity by helium dilution, specific conductance, and dynamic compliance. The E-only recipients showed an immediate asthmatic response followed by a marked LAR comparable in magnitude to actively immunized animals. The E/G recipients showed blunting of the LAR in a dose-dependent fashion, with increasing titers of IgG antibody. The G recipients showed no immediate or late responses. Immunofluorescent studies in selected animals from each group failed to show any granular deposition of immunoglobulin or C3 in either the airways or blood vessels of the lung.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6210005 TI - Amylase isoenzymes in the evaluation of trauma patients. AB - In traumatized patients, elevation of the levels of serum amylase is often noted and may lead to a diagnosis of pancreatitis or pancreatic injury. In the presence of multiple injuries, it is often difficult to evaluate clinically for pancreatitis or pancreatic injury. Since the serum amylase is derived from both the pancreatic and the salivary glands, it is useful to determine the origin of the elevated levels of serum amylase in these patients. A total of 31 patients including 21 trauma patients were studied, and the total serum amylase and also the pancreatic (P) and salivary (S) fractions were determined by isoelectric focusing. Compared with the normal control group, most trauma victims had elevated total amylase levels (normal, 30-128 U). In six patients with head and facial trauma, the P-fraction was 7.6 per cent, and the S-fraction was 92.4 per cent (normal, P 35-50%; S 50-65%), while in six patients with penetrating abdominal trauma, the P-fraction was 81 per cent, and the S-fraction was 19 per cent. These differences were statistically significant. The data demonstrate the value of measuring fractions of amylase in addition to total amylase levels. In patients with head and facial trauma alone, elevated levels of serum amylase are due to an increase in the salivary fraction. Elevation of total serum amylase in traumatized patients does not necessarily indicate pancreatic injury. Measurements of amylase fractions were thus useful in evaluation of trauma patients. PMID- 6210006 TI - [Diagnostic advances in neonatal sepsis]. PMID- 6210007 TI - [Diagnostic progress in pediatric allergology. Technics for reagin research]. PMID- 6210008 TI - A scene-segmentation method for multispectral cell images. AB - A scene-segmentation method for two-color digitized images acquired from a Papanicolaou-stained cervical smear is proposed. The method first segments a scene into background, red cytoplasm, blue cytoplasm and nuclear regions by a pixel-wise classification and then merges the segmented regions for both types of cytoplasm into a single region. To create the minimum-distance classifier used for the pixel classification, class median vectors are selected from a two dimensional histogram formed from the optical densities in the red and green images (scanned at 610 nm and 535 nm, respectively). Reference points defined from knowledge about the two-color images played an important role in selecting the vectors for the red and blue cytoplasm. This method was applied to 33 sets of the two-color images. The resulting segmented regions corresponded well with regions apparent to the the human observer. Three different investigations related to the method were carried out; these studies confirmed the suitability of the proposed method. PMID- 6210009 TI - [Complications of transhepatic biliary drainage used for palliative therapeutic purposes: their prevention and treatment]. PMID- 6210011 TI - Retinitis pigmentosa and retinal neovascularization: a case report. AB - A 21-year-old white man with retinitis pigmentosa was found to have an isolated patch of retinal neovascularization. Ocular and systemic evaluation failed to reveal a recognized cause for the neovascularization. This case is felt to represent the unusual association of retinitis pigmentosa and retinal neovascularization. PMID- 6210010 TI - [West Nile virus meningomyeloencephalitis--value of interferon assays in primary encephalitis]. AB - A 68 year-old woman contracted West Nile fever after a stay of one month in Israel. Mild encephalitis and severe myelitis, resembling the "polio syndrome", developed, with important sequelae. Specific antibodies against West Nile fever virus progressively increased in the patient's serum. Epidemiological and clinical data about neurologic aspects of this infection are reviewed. Meningoencephalitis is not unusual, but only one previous case of acute anterior myelitis has been described in humans although this pathology is well known in experimental and veterinary diseases. Very few studies concern interferon and arbovirus infections in humans. Interferon assays in our patient's serum and cerebrospinal fluid showed its presence and persistence: this is in relation with the replication of the virus in the central nervous system, as it has been demonstrated in other primary viral encephalitis. PMID- 6210012 TI - Intravital methylene blue staining of parathyroid glands and tumours. AB - Previous intravital staining techniques for parathyroid localisation have met with variable success and complications. Modification of these techniques, employing a more consistent dose, combined with a prolonged infusion time has provided more uniform staining of normal and abnormal parathyroid tissue, other tissues showing little or no colour change. Locally induced oedema, not previously described, was found to be a great asset in the dissection of glands. In 38 of 40 patients (95%), 4 glands were demonstrated and in the remaining 2 cases, only 3 glands appeared to be present. One case alone has required reoperation, due to the presence of a fifth gland. Intra-thyroid and intra-thymic tumours were found easily, as was glandular tissue split accidentally. Apart from slight nausea in one patient, there were no complications attributable to the dye, in the series which included 12 patients with chronic renal failure. Uniformly normal postoperative serum calcium levels indicated the accuracy of the method. The technique is safe, inexpensive and easily reproducible, and would seem to have many advantages over other methods of tumour localisation. PMID- 6210013 TI - Relief of the pain of unresectable carcinoma of pancreas by chemical splanchnicectomy during laparotomy. AB - Peroperative chemical splanchnicectomy using 5% phenol in almond oil is an effective method of relieving pain in carcinoma of the pancreas. Forty-nine patients have been treated, 41 having suffered preoperative pain. Five patients died within 10 days of operation, but in no case was the splanchnicectomy a contributing factor. Of the 37 patients who had suffered pain preoperatively and then survived 10 days or more after operation, 30 (81%) experienced relief of pain and in 26 (70%) this relief persisted till death. There was no statistically significant difference in survival patterns of these splanchnicectomy patients and a comparable group of patients with pancreatic carcinoma treated in a similar way but without splanchnicectomy. PMID- 6210014 TI - Pancreatic and periampullary carcinoma. AB - During the 10-year period from 1972 to 1981, 179 patients were treated for pancreatic and periampullary carcinoma (40 resections, 91 bypasses, 39 laparotomies and 9 non-operated) in Oulu University Central Hospital. Mortality after resections was 10% and complication rate 33%. In 1977-1981, mortality after resections decreased from 30 to 3% (p less than 0.05) but resectability or survival did not improve. Median survival following resection for pancreatic and periampullary carcinoma was 8 and 34 months (p less than 0.001). The 5-year cumulative survival rate for resected periampullary carcinomas was 42 +/- 16%. We conclude that 5-year survival after resection for periampullary carcinoma is significantly better than after resection for pancreatic carcinoma. The effect of modern imaging techniques on resectability and survival is negligible. Age as such is not a limiting factor for resection. We recommended a prophylactic duodenal bypass is conjunction of biliary diversion for unresectable carcinoma. The acceptable mortality after resection encourages us to continue an aggressive policy in surgical treatment. However, attention should be drawn to a more careful patient selection and proper preparation. PMID- 6210016 TI - [The laterocraniofacial sector or craniomandibular field]. PMID- 6210015 TI - Interference in colorimetric reactions for measuring hydrogen peroxide. AB - We describe evidence that serum samples from patients with chronic renal failure possess a constituent that interferes with the measurement of uric acid when using a method employing uricase with peroxidase-assisted detection of the hydrogen peroxide generated. The interference is also reflected in reduced recovery of both hydrogen and sarcosine when added to serum from patients with chronic renal failure. The interferent may be protein in nature or protein bound, as the poor recovery of hydrogen peroxide is seen in patients' serum before and after haemodialysis. PMID- 6210017 TI - [Means of studying the lateral region of the face]. PMID- 6210018 TI - [Surgical approach to the laterocraniofacial sector]. PMID- 6210019 TI - [The temporal muscle and its aponeurosis. Structural originality. Surgical value]. PMID- 6210020 TI - [Tumoral pathology of the craniomandibular field]. PMID- 6210021 TI - [Orbital meningiomas]. PMID- 6210022 TI - [Fractures of the lateral third of the craniofacial region. Proposal for a therapeutic tactic]. PMID- 6210023 TI - [Role of the intermediate prosthesis with a noncemented cupula in the reconstructive surgery of the temporomandibular joint]. PMID- 6210024 TI - [Evaluation after 4 years' experimentation with coral as a bone implant]. PMID- 6210025 TI - [Lateral lifting of the eyebrow associated with blepharoplasty]. PMID- 6210026 TI - [Dressings for rhinoplasty]. PMID- 6210027 TI - [Intrathoracic use of a pectoralis major myocutaneous flap to make the junction between a retrosternal tubulated stomach and the cervical esophageal stump]. PMID- 6210028 TI - [Use of an inguinal island flap for covering an amputation stump of the thigh]. PMID- 6210029 TI - [The double pedal flap in the treatment of loss of osteocutaneous substance of the leg]. PMID- 6210030 TI - [The pectoralis major musculocutaneous flap and Romberg's disease. Apropos of a case]. PMID- 6210031 TI - [Influence of cytotoxic chemotherapy on the healing of surgical wounds]. PMID- 6210032 TI - [Kinetics of the scalp in reduction operations for male alopecia]. PMID- 6210033 TI - [Return to the sources. Monstrosities. Extraordinary deformity of the skull and face seen in a 17-year-old Indian girl of the Pariah caste. By J.S.A. Souty, Gazette Medicale de Paris, 1832]. PMID- 6210034 TI - Immunohistochemistry of hepatocellular carcinoma associated with cirrhosis. AB - Tumor cell marker antibodies were used to analyze ten cases of hepatocellular carcinoma associated with cirrhosis. Clinically, eight of these cases gave a history of chronic alcoholism and the other two of hepatitis B virus infection. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections from these cases were screened with antibodies against alpha fetoprotein (AFP), hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) using the peroxidase antiperoxidase and avidin biotin immunoperoxidase procedures. Three cases were positive for AFP, four for HBsAg, and three for CEA; two cases had both HBsAg and CEA. Alpha fetoprotein was present only in the cytoplasm of tumor cells in three cases. Hepatitis B surface antigen, on the other hand, was present in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes in cirrhotic areas and, in one out of the four cases, was also present in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Carcinoembryonic antigen was seen in three cases; it was present on the surface and in the cytoplasm of proliferating ducts within the cirrhotic areas and between cell surfaces of individual tumor cells in two cases. The presence of different markers was not related to the microscopic appearance of the tumors. In one case, positivity for AFP was of diagnostic help in a tissue sample obtained by needle biopsy. The avidin-biotin immunoperoxidase procedure was more sensitive than the peroxidase antiperoxidase (PAP technique in the pathological assessment of autopsy specimens. Our findings are in agreement with those of other reports and indicate that AFP and HBsAg are the most commonly found markers in hepatoma associated with cirrhosis, and that CEA staining is variable and hepatoma associated with cirrhosis, and that CEA staining is variable and probably non-contributory. PMID- 6210035 TI - The pattern of medical renal disease in children in a south Indian hospital. AB - A retrospective study of children admitted to a south Indian hospital during an 11 year period showed that 70% of the renal diseases encountered in children in this region are of types which have a good prognosis. Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis was the most common. The relative prevalence of steroid sensitive nephrotic syndrome and different histological types of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome was similar to that in developed Western countries. Haemolytic uraemic syndrome complicating bacillary dysentery was the most common cause of acute renal failure. PMID- 6210036 TI - Vertical transmission of hepatitis B surface antigen in Saudi Arabia. AB - The prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) was studied in 3020 pregnant Saudi women. All the sera of 119 (3.9%) HBsAg-positive asymptomatic carrier mothers were titrated for HBsAg and investigated for hepatitis Be antigen (e-Ag) and its antibody (anti-e-Ag). Only 13 (10.9%) of the carrier mothers were e-Ag-positive compared with 89 (74.8%) who had anti-e-Ag. There was a positive correlation between the titres of HBsAg and the presence of e-Ag. Studies on 49 mother-child pairs revealed that vertical transmission occurred from six of seven carrier mothers (85.7%) who were e-Ag positive compared with two of 32 mothers (6.25%) who were e-Ag negative but had anti-e-Ag. On the basis of these results, the low prevalence of e-Ag in asymptomatic Saudi mothers contrasts markedly with the situation in asymptomatic carrier mothers from the Orient, but its presence, as shown by other studies, is a good predictor of vertical transmission. PMID- 6210037 TI - Neurological diseases as seen at the outpatient Paediatric Neurology Clinic in Benin City. AB - There is a paucity of literature about the pattern of neurological diseases in children attending out-patient departments in Africa. In this study more boys than girls presented at our clinic. Almost all the principal diseases seen are eminently preventable. There appears to be no effective immunization programme. There is need for epidemiological studies to ascertain the true incidence of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis in view of the high incidence of measles in the community. PMID- 6210038 TI - Hypernatraemic dehydration in infants in Kuwait with special reference to therapy of associated metabolic acidosis. AB - Over a period of 16 months 510 children with diarrhoea were admitted to the Al Adan Hospital, Kuwait, of whom 26 (5.1%) developed hypernatraemic dehydration. Prominent clinical features included vomiting (92.3%), fever (84.6%) and convulsions (19.2%). The majority were below six months of age with a mean age of 3.1 months. The sex distribution was equal. Twenty infants (77%) had severe metabolic acidosis and were treated with a combination of sodium bicarbonate and 5% glucose in water until the acidosis was corrected after which a solution of sodium chloride replaced the use of sodium bicarbonate. The sodium concentration of the intravenous fluid varied from 15 to 30 mmol/l and was given at a rate of 100 to 120 ml/kg/day. One infant died. The 25 survivors, (96.15%), which included three who developed convulsions during treatment, recovered without any neurologic sequelae. PMID- 6210039 TI - Coarctation of the aorta in the newborn: a clinical study. AB - The clinical findings and presentation in nine consecutive neonates in whom coarctation of the aorta was diagnosed over a period of two years were reviewed. Coarctation of the aorta constituted 16% of all infants with congenital cardiovascular malformations admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Nursery. The mean age on admission was 8.3 days. The admission findings included absent femoral pulses, 5; feeble femoral pulses, 4; differential blood pressure between upper and lower extremities, 9; congestive heart failure, 8; hypertension, 2; and failure to thrive, 1. Five of the infants died owing to refractory congestive heart failure at the mean age of 10.2 days. It is emphasized that palpation of the femoral pulse should be a routine examination in the neonatal period in order to detect coarctation of the aorta and that surgical intervention may be considered in cases refractory to medical management. PMID- 6210040 TI - Transcutaneous bilirubin measurement in evaluating neonatal jaundice among Saudi newborns. AB - Transcutaneous bilirubin measurements, using the Minolta transcutaneous bilirubinometer (TcB), were performed in 68 full-term, healthy Saudi infants. Infants who had exchange transfusion and those under phototherapy were excluded. One hundred and twenty measurements were obtained and compared with serum bilirubin levels measured by the American Optics (A.O.) bilirubinometer. The serum bilirubin range was 3.8-18.4 mg/dl. The results showed that the TcB index correlates well with the serum bilirubin measurement: the regression analysis was: r = 0.878, y = 10.78 + 0.909 x, P less than 0.001. However, the regression line showed that at a serum bilirubin level above 12.9 mg/dl the sensitivity of the TcB was 69% and the specificity 92%, while its positive and negative predictive values were 58% and 95% respectively. There was a fair amount of variability around the regression line which may lead to significant errors in clinical decision-making. Thus, the TcB at present has grave limitations which restrict its usefulness in the newborn. PMID- 6210041 TI - Supplementary feeding of gruel to low birth weight infants. AB - Time and again breast-milk proteins and calories have been thought to be suboptimal for the nutritional needs of the low birth weight infant. Malnutrition during the early months may have adverse effects on intellectual development. To ensure an adequate allowance of calories and proteins, breast-milk should be supplemented rather than supplanted by other foods whenever weight gain is less than desirable on breast-milk alone. PMID- 6210042 TI - Seroepidemiological study of rotavirus infection in rural Ghana. AB - Children in a village in rural Ghana were found to have acquired antibody to rotavirus by the age of two years. The results of our study suggest that primary infection takes place early in infancy. Fifty-six per cent of the three to 20 months-old had a four-fold rise in antibody levels during the six months follow up period and 72.2% of them had one or more episodes of diarrhoea compared with 42.8% of those whose antibody levels stayed the same or decreased. The major epidemic season is considered to be the dry season. PMID- 6210043 TI - Accidental dapsone poisoning in children. AB - Accidental poisoning in children shows a trend towards poisoning with various newer drugs and chemicals used in the household. Sixty-one cases of accidental poisoning in children were seen in Sree Avittam Thirunal Hospital, (S.A.T.H.), Trivandrum, South India during the year 1982, constituting 0.61% of the total pediatric admissions. Dapsone poisoning constituted 9.8% of the total accidental poisonings, emphasising the need for safe storage of drugs out of the reach of young children. Dapsone poisoning with resultant methaemoglobinaemia responded well to intravenous ascorbic acid and other supportive measures. PMID- 6210044 TI - Cystic fibrosis in Jordan: a pilot study. AB - Cystic fibrosis (CF) was diagnosed in 12 children from a total of 15,314 children admitted to the Paediatric Department at Jordan University Hospital (JUH) over the period 1976-1980. A diagnosis of meconium ileus was made in five children. The remaining seven affected children were diagnosed clinically on the basis of recurrent chest problems, failure to thrive, positive family history and a high level of sweat chloride, range 72-115 mEq/l (mean 97.6 mEq/l). Five children died (41.7%); three of the group with meconium ileus died during the post-operative period and two of the other group died soon after the diagnosis was made. The cause of such a high mortality rate is multifactorial. As CF was only recently recognized in Jordan, it is believed that the prevalence of CF among Jordanian children is underestimated. CF is still a very serious illness that demands early diagnosis and an intensive programme of continuing care. Therefore, further prospective study to evaluate its prevalence and impact on child health in Jordan is urgently needed. PMID- 6210045 TI - Reversible renal failure in a child with brucellosis: a case report. AB - Bilateral kidney enlargement and renal failure are described in a five-years-old girl with brucellosis. The diagnosis was made on the basis of a rising brucella agglutination titre. Both the function and the size of the kidneys returned to normal after four weeks treatment with co-trimoxazole. Renal brucellosis may stimulate renal tuberculosis or chronic pyelonephritis and should be considered in areas where brucellosis is endemic. PMID- 6210046 TI - Source of serum ferritin in malaria. PMID- 6210047 TI - Benign prostatic hyperplasia. Knowing pathophysiology aids assessment. PMID- 6210048 TI - [Histopathology of testicular germ cell tumors]. AB - The most common type of testicular tumor is the germ cell tumor, which shows peculiar histological and biological features. The histopathology of germ cell tumors of the testis is illustrated here according to the WHO classification except for extremely rare polyembryoma and teratoma with malignant transformation. The tumors are divided roughly into 2 groups, one histological type including seminoma, spermatocytic seminoma, embryonal carcinoma, yolk sac tumor, choriocarcinoma and teratoma, and more than one histological type including many possible combinations of one histological type. Seminoma and spermatocytic seminoma show some similar features to the germ cell line, while embryonal carcinoma, yolk sac tumor, choriocarcinoma, and teratoma show differentiation toward a variety of structures appearing at any stage of embryogenesis instead of the original testicular tissue. The histology of the metastatic disease may or may not be the same as that of the primary lesion. The reasons for the occurrence of histological differences between primary and metastatic tumors is discussed. Two major tumor markers of the germ cell tumor, HCG and AFP, are analyzed using immunohistochemical procedure, and the significance of immunostaining for these markers in clinicopathological study is stressed. PMID- 6210049 TI - [Clinical management of testicular tumors]. AB - Testicular tumor is a rare diseases in Japan. The incidence, histology, staging, tumor markers, treatment, and prognosis of this diseases are reviewed. Recently dramatic changes have occurred in the management of the disease, resulting in substantial improvement in ultimate survival. Many developments in chemotherapy, particularly the introduction of cis-platinum, have been largely responsible for this dramatic improvements in treatment and prognosis. Therapy depends a large extent upon the histological type and stage of the tumors, including tumor markers. Surgical excision of primary tumors followed by combination chemotherapy is primary mode of treatment in advanced testicular tumor cases. Standard chemotherapy for advanced tumors involves either cis-platinum, vinblastine, and bleomycin (PVB), or the above 3 drugs combined with actinomycin-D and cyclophosphamide (VAB-6). These regimens have produced complete remission rates of 50%-77% and improved the frequency of long-term survival. The treatment goal for this disease is cure. The achievement of disease free status, with aggressive combined chemotherapy and surgery or radiation is essential for reaching this goal. PMID- 6210050 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of germ cell tumors of the ovary]. AB - Germ cell tumors represent a relatively small proportion of all ovarian tumors but are becoming important in terms of their clinical management because most of these tumors occur in young women. This group of tumors is composed of several different types of histological feature and prognosis of patients with this group of tumors is varied. Determinations of serum markers has been recommended as a useful diagnostic procedure. A chemotherapeutic regimen of VAC or PVB has markedly improved patient survival. PMID- 6210051 TI - [MTX-BLM therapy for squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity]. AB - Effects of Methotrexate (MTX) alone and sequential combination chemotherapy of MTX and Bleomycin (BLM) were evaluated in 29 primary cases of squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity. MTX 50mg or 500 mg was administered intravenously once a week for a total dose of 100 to 200 mg in 10 cases and 1000 mg in 19 cases. In the cases of MTX 500 mg, CF (Leucovorin) rescue was given subsequently. BLM 15 mg was also administered intravenously twice a week for a total dose of 45 90 mg in 25 cases, so that 4 patients received MTX alone, 6 were transferred from BLM to MTX treatment and 19 were transferred from MTX to BLM. Objective response rate to MTX in cases of single and prior administration was 12/23 (52.2%). Treatment was found to be effective clinically in cases of exophytic growth type and histologically in cases of well differentiated types of tumor cells and well defined types of tumor-host borderline. Objective response rate to MTX treatment followed by BLM was 12/19 (57.9%) while that of BLM switched to MTX was 3/6 (50.0%). Side-effects, such as myelosuppression and anorexia, were observed in 12/29 cases given MTX, while, in only one case given BLM, skin reaction was observed. With respect to side-effects and the general preoperative condition of patients, the MTX to BLM course seemed to be better than that in which BLM was switched to MTX. Moderate-dose MTX: CF rescue + small-dose BLM therapy for oral cancer was, therefore, concluded to be useful as a preoperative adjuvant chemotherapy. PMID- 6210052 TI - [PS (peplomycin-silicone) bullet catheter therapy for bladder tumor: combination of hyperthermic treatment and cepharanthine]. AB - A peplomycin-silicone (PS) bullet containing 130 mg peplomycin, which was steadily released over a long period, was prepared. The PS bullet was then affixed to the top of a 3-way balloon catheter, to form a so called "PS bullet catheter". About 80% of the peplomycin was gradually released over 2 weeks from the PS bullet catheter. Using this device hyperthermic treatment using cepharanthine (biscoclaurin ++ alkaloid) in the irrigant was performed in 15 cases of superficial bladder tumor. Five daily hyperthermic treatments were carried out and all patients retained the PS bullet catheter in the urinary bladder for 2 weeks. Marked tumor regression was noted in 10 of the 15 cases. In addition, partial tumor regression occurred in 4 of the remaining 5 cases. None of these cases had irreversible side effects. This therapy had a good effect on superficial bladder tumor and it is considered that the PS bullet catheter would be useful for cancer therapy. PMID- 6210053 TI - [CDDP-containing combination chemotherapy for advanced lung cancer]. AB - The effect and toxicities of Cis-containing combination chemotherapy were tested in 28 patients with primary lung cancer. All patients were treated with 80 mg/m2 Cisplatinum on the first day and 750 mg ftorafur p.o. every day. In addition to these drugs, patients with squamous cell cancer were treated with continuous subcutaneous infusion of 4 mg/m2 Peplomycin for 5 days and one shot i.v. of 4 mg MMC. Patients with adeno- and large cell cancer were treated with 30 mg/m2 Adriamycin and 4 mg MMC, while patients with small cell cancer were given 150 mg/m2 VP-16 p.o. for 5 days. The following results were obtained. Of 22 evaluable patients, overall response rate was 50%. In each histologic type, response rate was 50% (5/10) for squamous cell carcinoma 50% (4/8) for adenocarcinoma 33% (1/3) for large cell carcinoma and 100% (1/1) for small cell carcinoma. No CR was obtained in this series. Main side effects due to Cisplatinum were nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, mild leukopenia and thrombocytopenia, mild elevation of serum creatinine and BUN and alopecia, all of which were transient. Interstitial pneumonitis was observed in 40% of patients with squamous cell cancer. Two patients with adenocarcinoma died within 3 weeks after treatment due to embolism of the abdominal aorta and myocardial infarction probably caused by treatment with Adriamycin. PMID- 6210054 TI - [Treatment for advanced malignant lymphoma in patients with compromised bone marrow--a combination therapy using pepleomycin, vincristine and high-dose adrenocorticoids (POP regimen)]. AB - It is often very frustrating for clinicians when in cases where Hodgkin's disease or non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is relapsing rapidly, sufficient doses of cytotoxic agents and/or radiation therapy cannot be given because of cytopenia due either to previous treatment or to bone marrow infiltration by the lymphoma. We have been treating such patients with a combination chemotherapy consisting of vincristine 0.25 mg/day i.v. push daily for 4 days, pepleomycin 5 mg/day s.c. by continuous infusion daily for 4 days, and prednisolone 1 g/day p.o. or methylprednisolone 1 g/day d.i.v. every other day for 4 days POP combination) administered every 2 to 3 weeks until an improvement in cytopenia occurs. Twelve patients with advanced non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, including 8 T-cell lymphoma patients, entered this pilot study when they were cytopenic or had been treated with cytotoxic agents or radiation therapy immediately prior to POP therapy. All patients responded and experienced more than 50% tumor reduction associated with improved general condition. Untoward effects included transient glycosuria, mild decline of serum immunoglobulin levels, herpes zoster and temporary aggravation of cutaneous or oral fungal infection in each of one to two patients. Since this treatment is switched to other forms of treatment when bone marrow function has recovered, duration of the response cannot be determined. The survival time was rather short because of poor general condition and aggravation of concurrent active pulmonary infection before the start of treatment. This treatment is sufficient effective, however, to be tried on patients with active lymphoma, not necessarily associated with poor bone marrow function, unless active infection supervention. PMID- 6210055 TI - [Treatment of esophageal cancer by endoscopic administration of peplomycin ointment]. AB - Pepleomycin ointment was developed to improve the antitumor activity afforded by endoscopic therapy for esophageal cancer. Through the esophagoscope we could observe this ointment specifically attacking the lesion. Furthermore we were able to recognize that peplomycin was acting directly on the lymph nodes as well as the tumor in a resected portion of the esophagus. It is hopefully anticipated that this method will be used as a combination therapy in pre-operative and inoperable esophageal cancer. PMID- 6210056 TI - [Results of the treatment of primary gastric lymphomas--chemotherapy after gastrectomy]. PMID- 6210057 TI - [Ultrasonic diagnosis of prostatic cancer]. PMID- 6210058 TI - [Anti cancer effect of antibiotic-AFP-purified antibody conjugates]. AB - Antibiotics having antitumor activity (anticancer drugs) also possess inevitable side effects on normal proliferating cells. In order to overcome these side effects, targeting chemotherapy has been developed using antibodies to specific tumor-associated antigens. In this experiment, polyclonal or monoclonal antibodies to AFP (aAFP) were selected for coupling to anticancer drugs such as daunomycin and adriamycin. Dextran (M.W. 10,000) was used as an intermediate drug carrier to increase the number of drug molecules bound indirectly to aAFP. This aAFP-dextran-anticancer drug conjugate produced a striking effect on AFP producing tumor cells in vivo as well as in vitro using both rat AFP-producing hepatoma AH66 and human ovarian tumor growing in nude mice. The aAFP-dextran adriamycin conjugate was administered to patients with hepatoma. Although the effect of the conjugate was unclear, long-term suppression of serum AFP level was observed in one case. No obvious side effect encountered. PMID- 6210059 TI - [Mechanism of action of bleomycin at the molecular level]. AB - On the basis of the structures of bleomycin (BLM) and its copper-complex, which were determined by us in 1978, it has become possible to discuss the mechanism of antitumor action of BLM of the molecular level. BLM is a bifunctional compound comprised of a binding site to DNA and a reaction site with DNA. The positive charge at the terminal amine interacts with negatively charged DNA by electrostatic attraction and the planar bithiazole moiety intercalates with DNA. The activated molecular oxygen at the axial site of the BLM-Fe (II) complex reacts with DNA. The mechanism of the activation of oxygen coupled with the Fe(II)-Fe(III) redox cycle is discussed. The degradation process of DNA by BLM and the bases-specific cleavage of DNA are described. Finally, the behavior of BLM in animals is described. PMID- 6210060 TI - [Studies on the mechanism of drug resistance in tumor cells and a new antitumor antibiotic]. AB - Characteristics of Drug-Resistant Cell Sublines L5178Y: We isolated aclarubicin (ACR)-, adriamycin (ADM)-, bleomycin (BLM-, and macromomycin (MCR)-resistant (r) cell sublines. The BLMr cell line did not show cross-resistance to other drugs. The ACRr and ADMr cell lines displayed cross-resistance to other anthracyclines. The drug-resistance of these cell lines was due to changes in membrane transport. All four resistant cell lines showed higher activity of membrane alkaline phosphodiesterase (APD) than the parental cells. The APD of the BLMr scell line differed from that of the parental line in molecular size. 2-Crotonyloxymethyl-4, 5, 6-trihydroxycyclohex-2-enone: We isolated an inhibitor of APD from a Streptomyces species. This substance inhibited the drug-resistant cell lines of L5178Y more markedly than the parental line in culture and showed synergistic effects with ACR against the ACRr cell line. It was an SH-inhibitor, and prevented DNA polymerase alpha and some mitotic processes. Transplantability of Drug-Resistant L5178Y Cells: DBA/2 mice, the syngeneic host, exhibited more resistance to ip transplantation of drug-resistant cell lines than parental cells. The animals showed the strongest resistance to the ACRr cell line. Treatment with cyclophosphamide markedly reversed the host resistance, suggesting that the immune mechanism was involved in the resistance. The ACRr cells were sensitive to NK cells, but the parental cells were not. Injection with anti asialo GM1 markedly decreased host resistance. The results suggested that NK cells were involved in the transplantation resistance of mice to the ACRr cells. 230-Kilodalton Membrane Protein of ACRr Cells Identified by Monoclonal Antibody: We prepared monoclonal antibodies to the ACRr cells, and found that a monoclonal antibody, designated SC438, specifically agglutinated the ACRr cells. A specific 230K membrane protein was found in the ACRr cells by immunoprecipitation. Natural BLM Resistance of Chinese Hamster V79 Cells: V79 cells were more resistant to BLM than CHO cells. This natural drug-resistance was is due to higher BLM hydrolase activity. We isolated BLM cell lines, and found that BLM supersensitivity was not due to BLM hydrolase, but to decreased repairing activity of DNA damage. PMID- 6210061 TI - [Augmentation of antitumor immune responses by the antitumor antibiotic bleomycin]. AB - We investigated the augmentation of antitumor immune responses by the antitumor antibiotic, bleomycin (BLM). BLM augmented immune responses against tumor cells, such as transplantation resistance and tumor cell-neutralizing activity of spleen cells, in rats immunized with the tumor cells or bearing the tumor as a result of selective elimination of immune-suppressor cell activities. Moreover, BLM was able to activate macrophages as an effector of antitumor resistance. We observed good correlation between the therapeutic effects of BLM and the above immune augmentation when tumor-bearing rats were treated with the drug. These results suggest that the chemotherapeutic action of BLM partially depends on a host mediated effect, i.e., antitumor immune responses augmented by the drug. PMID- 6210062 TI - [Cisplatin, peplomycin, mitomycin C, and vincristine combination chemotherapy of non-small cell carcinoma of the lung]. AB - Twenty patients with unresectable non-small cell lung cancer were treated with a combination chemotherapy of cisplatin (30 mg/body i.v., days 1-5), peplomycin (5 or 8 mg/body continuous infusion, days 1-5), mitomycin C (4 mg/body i.v., day 1), and vincristine (2 mg/body i.v., day 1), of 15 patients evaluable for response (9 with squamous cell carcinoma, 2 with adenocarcinoma, nd 4 with large cell carcinoma), the overall response rate was 46.7% with 7 partial responses. The median survival period for responders. Toxicity included hair loss, nausea and/or vomiting, mild to moderate myelosuppression, nephrotoxicity, and pulmonary toxicity, all of which was manageable. This four-drug combination chemotherapy is concluded to be effective for non-small cell lung cancer. PMID- 6210064 TI - Incidence rate and geographic distribution of hepatoma in Burundi. PMID- 6210063 TI - [Case report of a non-seminomatous testicular neoplasm indicating marked efficacy of a combination chemotherapy of VBL, ACTD, BLM, CDDP and EX (VAB-4 combination therapy)]. AB - The patient was a 29 years old male. He was attended to our hospital with a chief complaint of a right scrotal mass on August 20, 1983. Based on the diagnosis of testicular neoplasm, orchiectomy was performed on September 7, 1983. After surgery, the patients, HCG and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) values of still remained high. Pathological diagnosis was mixed tumor (choriocarcinoma, Embryonal carcinoma, and malignant cystic teratoma). From September 22, VAB-4 combination therapy was performed and complete remission was obtained without severe side effects. The patient was in good health with normal HCG and AFP values on January 20, 1984. PMID- 6210065 TI - The nature of enhanced natural killer lymphocyte cytotoxicity during anesthesia and surgery in patients with benign disease and cancer. AB - This study was instituted to determine the mechanism of enhanced natural killer (NK) lymphocyte activity during surgery. Natural cytotoxicity of whole blood to K562 target cells was assayed before anesthesia and during anesthesia and surgery in patients with benign and malignant gastrointestinal disease. Those patients with benign conditions and localized primary tumors showed enhanced NK lymphocyte cytotoxicity during surgery (p less than 0.025 and p less than 0.0025, respectively) but not patients with disseminated tumors. In patients with localized tumors, enhancement of NK lymphocyte cytotoxicity was an interferon independent phenomenon but appeared to be related to a significant rise in the percentage of cells bearing the Leu 7 monoclonal antibody marker for NK cells (p less than 0.02). Exogenous leukocyte interferon caused further enhancement of NK cytotoxicity in patients with benign disease and some cancer patients. Enhancement of NK lymphocyte activity during surgery may be of significance in reducing tumor metastases by stimulation of natural cytotoxic mechanisms to circulating tumor emboli. PMID- 6210066 TI - Esophagogastrectomy as palliative treatment for esophageal carcinoma: results obtained in the setting of a thoracic surgery residency program. AB - The palliative treatment of esophageal carcinoma has included intubation, bypass, dilation, irradiation, and esophagogastrectomy. The last has been criticized by some on the basis of high operative morbidity and mortality. To assess the success of this method at our institution, we reviewed the 60 consecutive resections performed for carcinoma of the esophagus from January, 1972, through June, 1983. Forty-six patients had squamous cell tumors and 14, adenocarcinomas. There were 47 men and 13 women, and the mean age was 59.9 years (range, 38.5 to 78.9 years). The most frequent preoperative findings included dysphagia (55), weight loss (34), chest pain (22), and vomiting (49). Fifty (83%) out of the 60 resections were performed by the resident staff under the supervision of an attending surgeon. Four patients died within 30 days of operation, an operative mortality of 6.7%. Immediate causes of death included respiratory failure, myocardial infarction, hemorrhage, and renal failure. One of the patients who died and 3 of the survivors had an anastomotic leak. There were 27 additional complications in 24 patients: respiratory problems (8), arrhythmias (5), pleural effusion (4), gastric outlet obstruction (2), wound infection (2), and 1 each of pulmonary embolus, acute brain syndrome, congestive heart failure, myocardial infarction, chylothorax, and empyema. The one-, two-, three-, and five-year actuarial survival rates were 46%, 27%, 10%, and 5%, respectively. Mean survival for the 46 patients dead at the time of this study was 13.5 months. Outpatient follow-up data were available on 53 (95%) of the operative survivors and showed an absence of dysphagia in 87.5% during most of the follow-up period.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6210067 TI - Ontogenic relationships between two estrogen binding moieties in the male rat: alpha-fetoprotein and the testicular cytoplasmic estrogen receptor. AB - The estrogen binding characteristics of rat alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and the testicular cytoplasmic estrogen receptor (E2R) and the ontogenic relationships between these two estrogen binding moieties were investigated. Sucrose gradient sedimentation analysis revealed that AFP migrated as a single 4.6S peak whereas the receptor migrated as a single peak in the 8-9S region. Scatchard analyses of the binding data demonstrated high-affinity (10(8) M-1), high-capacity (450 pmol/mg protein) binding sites for AFP-estradiol and high-affinity (10(10) M-1), low-capacity (16 fmol/mg protein) binding sites for receptor-estradiol. Estradiol binding in serum (AFP) was high at birth, declined during the first 2 weeks and fell to low levels during the fourth week of life. In contrast, the testicular E2R was not detectable before day 21, rose after day 23, and reached adult concentrations by day 35. The inverse pattern suggested a relationship between the disappearance of AFP and the appearance of the receptor. However, in vivo administration of Dexamethasone, which resulted in a precocious decrease in AFP levels, had no effect on the ontogeny of the receptor. The ontogenic patterns of these two estrogen binding moieties may determine the onset of testicular sensitivity to estrogens. PMID- 6210068 TI - Adrenoceptor blocking effects of arotinolol, a new combined alpha- and beta adrenoceptor blocking agent. AB - In isolated tissues and anesthetized animals, beta- and alpha-adrenoceptor blocking properties of arotinolol were studied in comparison with those of other typical adrenoceptor antagonists. The following order of beta-adrenoceptor blocking activities were obtained in isolated tissues: arotinolol = pindolol greater than propranolol = oxprenolol = alprenolol greater than or equal to labetalol for beta 1-adrenoceptors (guinea-pig right atrium) and pindolol = oxprenolol = arotinolol greater than propranolol greater than labetalol for beta 2-adrenoceptors (guinea-pig trachea). In anesthetized cats, arotinolol was about 9 and 25 times more potent than propranolol, about 30 and 100 times more potent than labetalol in blocking beta 1- and beta 2-adrenoceptors, respectively. Furthermore arotinolol showed a competitive antagonistic effect on phenylephrine induced contraction of isolated rat aortic strips. The relative order of alpha 1 adrenoceptor blocking potencies was as follows: prazosin greater than phentolamine greater than labetalol greater than arotinolol = yohimbine. Presynaptic alpha 2-adrenoceptor blocking action of arotinolol was also assessed in isolated rat vas deferens and arotinolol was revealed to be a much weaker presynaptic alpha 2-adrenoceptor antagonist. In anesthetized rats arotinolol was 4-5 times less potent than labetalol and about 26 times less potent than phentolamine in blocking alpha 1-adrenoceptors. Thus, as for the selectivity for 2 subtypes of alpha-adrenoceptors, arotinolol showed a selectivity for alpha 1 adrenoceptors over presynaptic alpha 2-adrenoceptors. PMID- 6210069 TI - Mitomycin-induced hemolytic-uremic syndrome. AB - Four patients who took the antitumor agent mitomycin manifested microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and renal failure. At autopsy, kidneys from all four patients had a microangiopathy typical of the hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS), with thromboses in glomerular capillaries and arterioles, fibrin deposition in mesangium, and prominent cellular intimal proliferation of the interlobular arteries. Development of the HUS was an important factor contributing to death in all four patients. From a review of the literature and our initial results of a randomized chemotherapy protocol for metastatic adenocarcinoma of the colorectum, it appears that mitomycin was the most likely cause for the development of the HUS in these patients. As more patients are being treated with mitomycin, particular care must be taken to monitor them for development of a drug-induced HUS. PMID- 6210070 TI - The effect of temperature on production and function of bovine interferons. AB - Subnormal temperatures were found to depress the production of interferon by bovid herpesvirus 2 (BHV-2)-infected bovine testicular cells, bovine peripheral blood leukocytes, and bovine monocytes, as well as by BHV-2 antigen-stimulated immune peripheral blood leukocytes. Interferon titers generated at 30 degrees C were approximately 10 percent of those at 40 degrees C. Also, subnormal temperatures depressed interferon function. Bovine testicular cells treated at 40 degrees C for 24 hours with high concentrations of BHV-2-induced bovine monocyte interferon or BHV-2 antigen-stimulated immune peripheral blood leukocyte interferon, and then infected with BHV-2 and retreated with interferon at 40 degrees C, had little or no viral growth or cytopathic effect after 72 hours. Cultures without interferon, or those treated with the same amount of interferon at 30 degrees C, had significantly more cytopathic effect and had viral titers up to 10(7) TCID50 higher than cultures at 40 degrees C. Earlier in vitro studies done without exogenous interferon showed that BHV-2 replicated to high titers at 30 degrees but not at 40 degrees C. Thus, at low temperatures (30 degrees C) in vitro, BHV-2 induced little interferon, was not highly suppressed by interferon, and replicated to high titers. At higher temperatures (40 degrees C), BHV-2 replication induced high interferon levels, was strongly suppressed by interferon, and replicated poorly. This may help explain the restriction of BHV-2 lesions to skin despite the presence of virus in both skin and internal organs in infected cattle. PMID- 6210071 TI - [Clinico-morphological characteristics of the sequelae of the parenteral administration of gemodes and polyglucin to children]. AB - In 38 dead children and in a resected lung of an operated child, the alterations were discovered, connected with accumulation in tissues of hemodez and polyglucin after their parenteral administration. The same picture of the so-called iatrogenic thesaurosis was reproduced in 16 rabbits that received the above preparations intravenously. Three degrees of accumulation were distinguished which directly depended on the dose and time of synthetic plasma substituents administration, both on clinical and experimental material. It is recommended to take into consideration the alterations revealed in this study in the diagnosis of some enzymo- and lymphadenopaties, giant-cell vasculitis, and granulomatous processes. The secondary immunodeficiency is suggested in children with iatrogenic thesaurosis, on the basis of the disease histories and morphological data. PMID- 6210072 TI - [Electron radioautographic study of a human infected wound]. AB - Biopsies from burn (IIIa-IV degree, 20-55% of body surface) and large traumatic wounds of 18 patients were studied. The use of electron-microscopic radioautography made it possible to determine the viability and functional activity of bacteria and host cells in various wound areas. In the necrotic area, apart from a number of viable bacterial cells (intensely labelled with 3H uridine), unlabelled bacterial cells with various structural alterations were found. Bacteria were found less frequently in the demarcation area; they were detected occasionally in the granulation tissue and only in macrophages. Phagosomes with viable or dead bacteria were observed in few neutrophils of the demarcation area. Here, the majority of neutrophils did not contain bacteria, but degranulation and many phagosomes with tissue detritus were observed. Correlation between the rate of RNA synthesis and functional activity of neutrophils was observed. In the blood neutrophils the RNA synthesis was not detected at all. In the blood neutrophils which were cultivated in vitro with staphylococci and in the wound neutrophils phagocytizing bacteria, the RNA synthesis became evident but slow. The authors established that a sharp increase of the RNA synthesis rate occurs in the neutrophils phagocytizing the dead tissues. PMID- 6210073 TI - [Immunomorphological analysis of the level of differentiation of hepatocellular tumors in rats]. AB - Combinations of three molecular markers (alpha-fetoprotein, ligandin and A protein) were investigated in individual cells of the rat hepatocellular tumours by means of indirect immunofluorescence. It was found that each subtype of trabecular carcinoma classified on the basis of cytomorphological appearance as well, moderately, and poorly differentiated hepatomas, exhibited its characteristic combination(s) of the molecular markers studied. Each marker pattern observed in the tumours had its counterpart in the marker combination specific to one of the stages of normal liver tissue differentiation. Thus immunomorphological examination of protein marker combinations in hepatocellular carcinomas allowed the authors to propose an objective classification of these tumours according to their level of differentiation. PMID- 6210074 TI - [Cardiac arrhythmias in the postoperative period of cardiac surgery. Pharmacological treatment]. PMID- 6210075 TI - Monoclonal antibody studies of alpha-keratin low-sulfur proteins. AB - Monoclonal antibodies to the two families of low-sulfur proteins from wool were produced. Selection was applied to identify those hybridomas secreting antibody that was effective in the Electro-blot system. The specificities of eight different monoclonal antibodies were investigated by their binding to alpha keratin low-sulfur proteins which had been subjected to electrophoresis from wool, goat hair, porcupine quill, rat hair and echidna quill, using the Electro blot procedure. Considerable cross-reactivity was found both within the low sulfur protein components of individual keratins from a particular species, and also between the keratins of the different species. Some antibodies were found to bind selectively to components of one family of low-sulfur proteins in wool, while others recognized determinants in both families, indicating some homology between the two families. PMID- 6210076 TI - Serological classification of Australian isolates of Haemophilus paragallinarum. AB - Thirty-nine Australian isolates of Haemophilus paragallinarum were compared serologically with 3 reference serotype strains of H. paragallinarum using a plate agglutination test. Twenty-eight of the isolates were serotype C, 5 were serotype A, while the remaining 6 isolates could not be assigned to a serotype. PMID- 6210077 TI - Effects of starvation, diabetes and acute insulin treatment on the regulation of polypeptide-chain initiation in rat skeletal muscle. AB - The rate of protein synthesis in skeletal muscle is greatly decreased in response to diabetes and starvation. Analysis of polyribosome profiles indicates that polypeptide-chain initiation is impaired under these conditions. To identify the step in initiation that is affected, we assayed the incorporation of [35S]methionyl-tRNAfMet into [35S]methionyl-tRNAfMet . 40S-ribosomal-subunit initiation complexes in cell-free extracts based on postmitochondrial supernatants prepared from gastrocnemius muscle. Extracts from either starved or diabetic rats were 30-40% less active in forming these complexes compared with those derived from fed or insulin-maintained controls respectively. This change could be reversed by treatment of either starved or diabetic rats with insulin in vivo 30 min before death. Formation of 40S initiation complexes by extracts from either fed or starved rats could be stimulated by the addition of exogenous purified initiation factor eIF-2, but extracts from starved or diabetic rats were more sensitive than controls to stimulation by low concentrations of the factor. These results provide evidence for the acute regulation by insulin of protein synthesis in skeletal muscle at the level of polypeptide-chain initiation, and suggest that in this tissue, as in certain other eukaryotic systems, control of initiation appears to be mediated by changes in the activity of initiation factor eIF-2. PMID- 6210078 TI - Immunologically reactive tryptic fragments of human prostatic acid phosphatase. AB - Three peptide fragments (designated II, III and IV) of human prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) were isolated to homogeneity from a limited tryptic hydrolysate of PAP by gel filtration on Sephadex G-100, followed by chromatography on DEAE cellulose and Sephadex G-75. The homogeneity was confirmed by disc poly acrylamide-gel electrophoresis. The Mr values were 32 500, 25 000 and 11 000 as estimated by gel filtration and sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis. Immunoprecipitation study revealed that only fragment II formed an immune precipitate with anti-PAP antibodies. Fragment II exhibited 45% of maximum inhibitory activity on the reaction between PAP and goat anti-PAP IgG (immunoglobulin G) antibodies (or rabbit anti-PAP antibodies), whereas fragments III and IV demonstrated 24% (or 23%) and 29% (or 27%) inhibition respectively. A mixture of these three tryptic fragments of PAP result in 96% (for goat anti-PAP antibodies) and 94% (for rabbit anti-PAP antibodies) inhibitory activities, which were equivalent to the sum of maximum inhibitory activity of the three fragments individually. The results demonstrated that these three tryptic peptide fragments carried all the antigenic active sites of the native PAP, and suggested that the entire molecule of human PAP comprised a minimum of four distinguishable, nonoverlapping antigenic determinants. These three fragments also were shown to retain all the disulphide bonds of the native PAP, and thus were useful reagents for the elucidation of PAP molecular structure. PMID- 6210079 TI - A new concept in the relationship between biochemical reaction mechanisms and molecular basis of agranulocytosis. AB - The report of a recent fatality due to agranulocytosis provoked an examination of the plausible mechanisms of neutropenia and agranulocytosis. Drugs which were known to have caused agranulocytosis were used for the investigation. These drugs were aminopyrine, dipyrone (novalgin), phenylbutazone (butazolidin), chlorpromazine, promazine, and chloramphenicol. Mechanisms postulated were (1) generation of RN+ (electrophile) from each of these drugs; (2) interaction of RN+ with protein; (3) interaction of RN+ with DNA and RNA and, (4) formation of antibody to neutrophils due to RN+ interactions. Investigations from contemporary knowledge revealed that the mechanism of RN+-neutrophil interaction was the most plausible, the most convincing, and the most compatible with destruction of neutrophils found in agranulocytosis. PMID- 6210080 TI - Regional distribution of neuromedin K and neuromedin L in rat brain and spinal cord. AB - Neuromedin K and neuromedin L are novel mammalian tachykinins isolated from porcine spinal cord. We have developed a highly sensitive radioimmunoassay for neuromedin K. Since the radioimmunoassay for neuromedin K has significant crossreactivity with neuromedin L and substance P, we can simultaneously determine the tissue concentrations of neuromedin K, neuromedin L and substance P after separation of the tissue extracts by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography. Substance P is found to be the most abundant mammalian tachykinin in every brain region. The ratio of the concentration of substance P to neuromedin K is small in cerebral cortex and large in medulla-pons, while that of substance P to neuromedin L is rather constant in a range of 2.0-2.5. In spinal cord, dorsal half contains more neuromedin K and L than ventral half as is the case with substance P. These results indicate that both neuromedin K and L are endogenous mammalian tachykinins with specific physiological functions. PMID- 6210081 TI - 1H-13C selective NOE studies of the decapeptide gramicidin S. AB - The cyclic decapeptide gramicidin S has been used as a model biopolymer to test the reliability of a structural method which is based on a relaxation analysis of heteronuclear selective NOEs. The observation of through-the-space dipolar couplings between intra- and inter residue amide protons and carbonyl carbons, perfectly consistent with the well established peptide solution conformation, confirms the effectiveness of this structural approach. As a corollary of the latter, carbonyl carbon resonances are unequivocally assigned. Moreover, a direct experimental proof of a Orn-NH2----Phe C = O hydrogen bonding is here given. PMID- 6210082 TI - Regulation of mRNA levels of rat liver carbamoylphosphate synthetase by glucocorticosteroids and cyclic AMP as estimated with a specific cDNA. AB - The construction and cloning of a cDNA complementary to the mRNA of rat liver carbamoylphosphate synthetase (ammonia) is described. Using this cDNA, the size of the mature, cytosolic carbamoylphosphate synthetase (ammonia) mRNA is estimated to be 6.0 Kb. The levels of carbamoylphosphate synthetase (ammonia) mRNA in liver are shown to be regulated by glucocorticosteroids and cyclic AMP. By studying mRNA levels of carbamoylphosphate synthetase, albumin and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, using specific cDNA clones, we show that carbamoylphosphate synthetase gene expression, like that of albumin is liver specific. PMID- 6210083 TI - Characterisation of the interferon-mediated protein kinase by polyclonal antibodies. AB - Interferon-treated human cells show an enhanced level of a double-stranded (ds) RNA-dependent protein kinase activity which is manifested by the phosphorylation of an endogenous 72,000 molecular weight protein (p72K kinase). By the use of murine polyclonal antibodies against this p72K kinase, here we have characterized the protein kinase activity associated with immune complexes precipitated from extracts of interferon-treated cells. Precipitation of the p72K kinase by the polyclonal antibodies results in the formation of a complex in which the kinase activity is manifested by phosphorylation of the 72K protein. This phosphorylation, however, is independent of dsRNA. Such immunoprecipitates can also phosphorylate exogenous substrates, calf thymus histones and the alpha subunit of protein initiation factor eIF2. PMID- 6210084 TI - Characterization of substance P(1-7) and (1-8) generating enzyme in human cerebrospinal fluid. AB - A substance P-hydrolyzing endopeptidase has been purified from a large quantity of human cerebrospinal fluid by ion exchange chromatography (DEAE-Sepharose CL 6B) and molecular sieving (Sephadex G-100 and Sephacryl S-200). The purification was monitored by measuring the conversion of synthetic substance P using a radioimmunoassay specific for its (1-7) fragment. The enzyme has an apparent molecular weight of 43,000. It cleaves predominantly at the Phe7-Phe8 and Phe8 Gly9 bonds but gives no or negligible conversion of the other tachykinins, neuromedin K and L (substance K). PMID- 6210085 TI - Effects of dihydropyridine calcium channel modulators in the heart: pharmacological and radioligand binding correlations. AB - Bay k 8644 produced a concentration-dependent positive inotropic effect followed by a negative inotropic effect in isolated and intact cardiac preparations. Nimodipine in low concentrations produced slight positive inotropy and in higher concentrations, the usual negative inotropic action. Radioligand binding experiments revealed equilibrium dissociation constants that, taken together with the pharmacological data, suggest that dihydropyridines bind to receptor subtypes and have varying intrinsic activities. PMID- 6210086 TI - Activation of the voltage-dependent Ca2+ channel in rat heart cells by dihydropyridine derivatives. AB - The two dihydropyridines Bay K8644 and CGP 28392 increase 45Ca2+ influx in cultured rat cardiac cells with half-maximal effects at 2 nM and 30 nM respectively at a membrane potential of -75 mV. This stimulation of Ca2+ uptake is inhibited by nitrendipine, verapamil and bepridil. Ca2+ channel activation produced by Bay K8644 and CGP 28392 has been compared with Ca2+ channel activation produced by depolarization. There is no addition between the effects of drugs activating the Ca2+ channel and the effects of depolarization suggesting that Bay K8644 and CGP 28392 work preferentially on polarized membranes. 45Ca2+ flux experiments yielded results which are in excellent agreement with electrophysiological and contraction data obtained with the same cells in culture. Dose-response curves for the physiological effects of the drugs are observed over the same range of concentrations as their inhibition of [3H]nitrendipine binding to its receptor. PMID- 6210087 TI - Effects of pimozide and penfluridol on the binding and endocytosis of alpha 2 macroglobulin-CH3NH2 by mouse peritoneal macrophages. PMID- 6210088 TI - The action of substance P on contraction, inositol phospholipids and adenylate cyclase in rat small intestine. AB - The actions of substance P and eledoisin on contraction, [3H]inositol 1-phosphate and cAMP formation in the rat ileum have been compared. Eledoisin was considerably more potent than substance P on both contraction and [3H]inositol 1 phosphate production. Neither peptide altered the cAMP levels in the tissue. These results are discussed in relation to the substance P receptor sub-type present in the rat ileum, and its second messenger. PMID- 6210089 TI - Adenosine inhibits and potentiates IgE-dependent histamine release from human lung mast cells by an A2-purinoceptor mediated mechanism. AB - Adenosine, at physiological concentrations, may modulate histamine release from mechanically dispersed human lung mast cells. Addition of adenosine to the dispersed mast cells at times up to 5 min before immunological challenge with anti-human IgE inhibited histamine release. When added after this time adenosine caused a small potentiation of immunological histamine release, maximum potentiation occurring with addition of adenosine 5 min after challenge, coincidental with the end of the rapid phase of histamine release. Both inhibition and potentiation of histamine release were more pronounced with low levels of immunological challenge. Theophylline, 8-phenyltheophylline, dipyridamole and analogues of adenosine were used to determine the site of action of adenosine on mast cell mediator release. Theophylline and 8-phenyltheophylline displaced the concentration-response lines for both inhibition and potentiation of mediator release by adenosine to the right whilst dipyridamole, 1 microM, was without significant effect. This suggests that both effects result from interaction of adenosine with cell surface receptors. This was confirmed by demonstrating that the P-site agonist 2',5'-dideoxyadenosine produced only inhibition of histamine release, an effect which was inhibited by dipyridamole but not by theophylline. The rank potency order of adenosine analogues, NECA much greater than adenosine greater than or equal to L-PIA greater than or equal to D PIA in both inhibiting and potentiating immunological histamine release suggests that both effects are mediated through activation of cell surface A2 purinoceptors. Since adenosine is released into the circulation of asthmatic subjects following bronchial provocation with antigen, causes bronchoconstriction and has the ability to modulate mast cell histamine release, this nucleoside should be considered as an additional inflammatory mediator of allergic reactions. PMID- 6210090 TI - Stimulation of serotonin synthesis in rat brain after antiepilepsirine, an antiepileptic piperine derivative. AB - Piperine and two of its derivatives, antiepilepsirine (AE or 3,4 methylendioxycynnamoylpiperine) and compound 7448 (N-isopropyl 3 (4 chloro phenyl) propenoylamide) are very effective in stimulating serotonin (5HT) synthesis. AE raises the ratio of free-to-bound tryptophan (TP) in plasma and induces a long-lasting increase of this aminoacid in brain. At the same time in striatum and limbic area it causes a lasting increase in 5 hydroxyindolacetic acid (5HIAA) a 5HT metabolite and to a lesser extent, an increase in the levels of the monoamine itself. Together with this action on 5HT metabolism we found that AE caused release of 3H-5HT from an in vitro synaptosomal preparation. It thus appears that piperine and its derivatives AE and compound 7148 affect the central serotonergic system. PMID- 6210091 TI - Enhancement of intercalator-induced deoxyribonucleic acid scission and cytotoxicity in murine leukemia cells treated with 5-azacytidine. PMID- 6210092 TI - Generation of low-level chemiluminescence during the metabolism of 1-naphthol by rat liver microsomes. AB - The metabolism of 1-naphthol in rat liver microsomal fractions supplemented with NADPH is accompanied by low-level chemiluminescence which reflects the formation of molecular excited states. Photoemission consists of two phases which both are dependent on microsomal protein and 1-naphthol concentration. The involvement of cytochrome P-450 in the microsomal metabolism of 1-naphthol was indicated by an inhibition of chemiluminescence by aminopyrine or metyrapone. Oxygen is required for light emission. Whereas phase I is hardly influenced by superoxide dismutase, phase II is suppressed. Chemiluminescence was not associated with malondialdehyde accumulation, in contrast to NADPH-dependent lipid peroxidation in microsomal fractions in the absence of 1-naphthol. Phase I of chemiluminescence appears to directly reflect cytochrome P-450-dependent hydroxylation, and phase II is attributed to redox cycling of products arising from these reactions, e.g. the 1,4- and/or 1,2-naphthoquinones as oxidation products of the corresponding dihydroxynaphthalenes. PMID- 6210093 TI - Neonatal chlordecone alteration of the ontogeny of sex-differentiated hepatic drug and xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes. PMID- 6210094 TI - [Contribution of NMR spectroscopy to the study of structure-function relations of proteins and peptides]. AB - NMR spectroscopy provides a unique means to study molecular conformation, mechanisms of action and structure-function relationships for peptides and proteins in solution under conditions approaching those of their physiological environment. Development of NMR techniques, especially directed to the peptide and protein conformational analysis, is considered under the topics of two-level signal assignment and structural significance of homo- and heteronuclear spin spin couplings. The results of NMR conformational analysis are presented for solution spatial structure of valinomy cin and gramicidin A antibiotics, honey bee neurotoxin apamin, scorpion insectotoxin I5A and snake venom neurotoxins of "short" and "long" types. The structure-function relationships are discussed for these biologically active molecules. PMID- 6210095 TI - [Structure of O-specific polysaccharide from Yersinia pseudotuberculosis of serotype VI lipopolysaccharide]. AB - Using methylation studies, partial hydrolysis and 13C NMR spectroscopy data, the following structure of O-specific polysaccharide from lipopolysaccharide of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis VI serovar has been proposed: (Formula: see text). PMID- 6210096 TI - Studies of anti-F(ab')2 antibodies and possible immunologic control mechanisms in systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - Studies of anti-DNA and anti-F(ab')2 antibodies were performed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 51 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Patients with severe, uncontrolled disease showed high levels of anti-DNA and low levels of anti-F(ab')2 antibodies. Patients with quiescent SLE usually showed high levels of anti-F(ab')2 and low levels of anti-DNA antibodies. Isolated anti F(ab')2 antibodies from autologous SLE remission serum or from the sera of unaffected siblings of SLE patients showed maximum inhibition in test systems using affinity-purified SLE anti-DNA antibodies reacting with single-stranded DNA. PMID- 6210097 TI - [Ulcer-protective effect of cimetidine and an antacid. Animal experiment study on an ulcer model with protracted histamine liberation]. AB - The ulcer-protective effect of cimetidine has been compared with that of an antacid (Solugastril) containing aluminium hydroxide and calcium carbonate. Ulcers have been produced by using dialysis sacks containing histamine. This model corresponds to stress ulcers observed in risk patients. Both cimetidine and the antacid were capable of inhibiting the ulcer development in corresponding doses and applications: The present results show that an antacid might be qualified for the treatment of stress ulcers in the human therapy. PMID- 6210098 TI - [Cutaneous-mucous hyalinosis (Urbach-Wiethe disease). Histologic and ultrastructural study of a case]. AB - Hyalinosis cutis et mucosae is a rare genetic disorder, primarily involving skin and mucous membranes, that has been described under various titles as lipoidosis lipoproteinosis and Urbach-Wiethe disease. A 17-year-old girl presented cutaneous macular lesions, skin scars, thickened lips and enlarged firm tongue; hoarseness was known since birth. The labial biopsy specimen was investigated by light and electron microscopy. Histologically there are deposits of amorphous, extra cellular eosinophilic hyaline material in the upper thickened connective tissue. In the lower part changes are focal with hyaline mantle around the vessels. Histochemical studies have revealed that the deposits were PAS-positive and amylase-resistant, indicating the presence of neutral mucopolysaccharides. Lipid stains were positive, especially in vessel walls. Ultrastructurally hyaline substance is composed of 1 to 2 nm protofilaments, larger ones (5 to 10 nm wide) and amorphous material. Fibroblasts contain in their dilated cisternae amorphous material. A frequent feature is marked multilamination of the capillary basal lamina which is interpenetrated by hyaline substance. Pathogenesis is still unknown but recently it is suggested hyalinosis cutis et mucosae could be a systemic disease of basal lamina. PMID- 6210099 TI - The semi-quantitative distribution of T4 and T6 surface antigens on human Langerhans cells. AB - We have used indirect immunogold electron microscopy to compare the respective density of cell membrane determinants revealed by OKT6 and OKT4 monoclonal antibodies on normal human Langerhans cells (LC): 12.9 +/- 3.5 gold granules were noted per cell section on OKT4-positive LC whereas 236.8 +/- 23.5 granules were counted per cell section on OKT6-reactive cells. These results confirm that human LC react with OKT4 antibody and they demonstrate a marked quantitative difference on LC surface between the antigenic determinants recognized by OKT6 and OKT4 antibodies. PMID- 6210100 TI - Subretinal neovascularisation in eyes with localised inferior posterior staphylomas. AB - We report seven cases of subretinal neovascularisation with inferior posterior staphyloma. The upper border of the shallow staphyloma, detected by B-mode echography, invaded the macular area, and there was a neovascular net at the edge of the staphyloma. Three of the cases showed chorioretinal atrophy at the upper edge of the staphyloma in the same location as the neovascular net. Our cases were identical to those of subretinal neovascularisation in high myopic eyes in which the rupture of Bruch's membrane was related to the deformity of the scleral shell. As our cases included not-high-myopic eyes, the results suggest that the identical mechanism might be involved in the occurrence of neovascular maculopathy in the pathological high myopic eye and in the not-high-myopic eye with posterior staphyloma. Localised inferior posterior staphyloma may be an important cause of 'idiopathic' subretinal neovascularisation. PMID- 6210101 TI - Posttranslational modification of the carboxy-terminal region of the beta subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin. AB - The beta subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) contains at its carboxy terminus an extension of 29 amino acids not found in the beta subunits of the other glycoprotein hormones. This region provides the sites of attachment of four serine-linked oligosaccharide chains. We have examined the synthesis of this subunit in a cell-free translation system derived from Krebs II ascites tumor cells. The primary translation product was found to undergo a temperature dependent posttranslational modification which resulted in an increase in apparent molecular weight of 2000 on sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis. This modification was specific for the beta subunit of hCG, since no changes were observed for the beta subunit of bovine luteinizing hormone or for the alpha subunits of either hormone. The increase in molecular weight occurred in the absence of microsomal membranes and was not due to the addition of N-linked carbohydrate. An identical shift was observed when pre-hCG beta was incubated with extracts of human placenta. The site of modification was localized by fingerprint analysis to a carboxy-terminal tryptic peptide which contains two of the four O-glycosylated serine residues in the mature form of the subunit. The modified protein was resistant to oligosaccharidase digestion and beta elimination, indicating that it does not contain O-linked oligosaccharides of the type found on mature hCG beta. These results demonstrate that a specific modification of the carboxy-terminal segment of hCG beta synthesized in vitro occurs in the absence of O-linked glycosylation. PMID- 6210102 TI - Rotational dynamics of transfer ribonucleic acid: effect of ionic strength and concentration. AB - We have investigated the influence of ionic strength and nucleic acid concentration on the rotational Brownian motion of Escherichia coli tRNA1Val by studying the decay of the fluorescence polarization anisotropy (FPA) of intercalated ethidium on a nanosecond time scale. The rotational relaxation time tau R remains essentially constant as the ionic strength is varied from 2 to 100 mM at a tRNA concentration of 54 mg/mL. tau R also remains practically unchanged as the tRNA concentration is varied from 0.3 to 54 mg/mL at an ionic strength of 130 mM. Present hydrodynamic theories generally predict a more pronounced concentration dependence for rotational diffusion than we observe. This disagreement may result from a nonrandom distribution of the tRNA molecules in solution due to electrostatic interactions. By combining independent data from time-resolved nuclear Overhauser effect (NOE) cross-relaxation experiments and FPA experiments on the same tRNA, we are able to estimate the interproton spacing for the guanine N1-H and the uracil N3-H of the GU-50 base pair in E. coli tRNA1Val. This distance is 0.272 nm. PMID- 6210103 TI - Effect of Mg2+ on solution conformation of two different transfer ribonucleic acids. AB - We have investigated the effect of Mg2+ on the solution conformation of two different tRNAs by studying the decay of the fluorescence polarization anisotropy of intercalated ethidium on a nanosecond time scale. In the presence of endogenous Mg2+, yeast tRNAPhe and Escherichia coli tRNAVal1 exhibit similar behavior; i.e., the fluorescence from the intercalated ethidium decays biexponentially with lifetimes of approximately 25 and approximately 5 ns, and the fluorescence polarization anisotropy decays with a lifetime of approximately 25 ns. However, once Mg2+ is removed from the two tRNAs, their behavior is no longer similar. In the case of yeast tRNAPhe, it appears that titrating with Mg2+ restores the tRNA to the condition that it was in prior to the Mg2+ removal. This is not so for E. coli tRNAVal1, in which case titrating with Mg2+ results in a two-component anisotropy decay with lifetimes of approximately 25 and approximately 6 ns. Rudimentary calculations indicate that the 6-ns component does not result simply from a change in conformation of the tRNA. However, torsional motions in the tRNA facilitated by a torsion "joint" with a rigidity approximately 1/40 that of intact linear phi 29 DNA would yield a decay component on this time scale with about the right amplitude. We are thus left with the possibility that (after initially removing magnesium) titrating tRNAVal1 with Mg2+ leads to increased internal flexibility and a significant amplitude of a deformational relaxation mode. At any rate, there is no question that after removal of Mg2+ tRNAPhe and tRNAVal1 display quite different solution conformation behavior. These findings are in qualitative agreement with recent 500-MHz 1H NMR results from solutions of these two tRNAs. PMID- 6210104 TI - Multiple states of U3 RNA in Novikoff hepatoma nucleoli. AB - U3 RNA, a capped small nuclear RNA found thus far only in the nucleolus, has been implicated in the processing and/or transport of preribosomal RNA [Busch, H., Reddy, R., Rothblum, L., & Choi, Y. C. (1982) Annu. Rev. Biochem. 51, 617-654]. Tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (Tris) (10 mM, pH 7.0) extracts of Novikoff hepatoma nucleoli, which contained about 80% of total nucleolar U3 RNA, were analyzed by sucrose density gradient centrifugation. Approximately 65% of the U3 RNA was bound to greater than 60S preribosomal ribonucleoprotein (RNP) particles, and about 15% sedimented at less than 20 S. The association between the 65% of U3 RNA that was bound to the preribosomal RNP particles was stable up to 55 degrees C. About 10% of U3 RNA was base paired to preribosomal RNA after deproteinization at 22 degrees C. The base-paired fraction of U3 RNA was released from the preribosomal RNA by heating to 45 degrees C or treating with 4 M urea. These results show that of the total nucleolar U3 RNP, (a) about 55% is bound to preribosomal RNP particles primarily by protein interactions, (b) about 10% is base paired to preribosomal RNA, (c) approximately 15% sedimented slowly and consisted presumably of free U3 RNP particles, and (d) the remaining 20% of U3 RNP was not extractable using 10 mM Tris buffer. On the basis of the different association states of U3 RNP particles, a model is proposed for the binding and dissociation events which take place between U3 RNP and preribosomal RNP particles. PMID- 6210105 TI - Influence of an extrinsic cross-link on the folding pathway of ribonuclease A. Conformational and thermodynamic analysis of cross-linked (lysine7-lysine41) ribonuclease a. AB - A cross-linked ribonuclease A derivative, Lys7-dinitrophenylene-Lys41 ribonuclease A, has been prepared and characterized for ultimate use in protein folding experiments. Immunochemical assays and spectroscopic measurements demonstrated that the introduction of this artificial cross-link does not perturb the native conformation of ribonuclease A. The cross-linked protein exhibited a reversible thermal transition with Tm = 53 degrees C at pH 2.0, which is 25 degrees C higher than that of unmodified ribonuclease A under the same conditions. The denatured form of the cross-linked ribonuclease A has a conformational chemical potential that is 4.9 kcal/mol higher than that of the denatured form of unmodified ribonuclease A at 40 degrees C and pH 2.0, assuming that the cross-linked and the unmodified proteins have the same conformational chemical potential in the native conformation. This is in good agreement with a theoretical value of 5.2 kcal/mol, calculated from the reduction of chain entropy of the denatured form upon introduction of the extrinsic cross-link. Thus, it is concluded that the extrinsic cross-link between Lys7 and Lys41, formed by the dinitrophenylene group, does not affect the native conformation of ribonuclease A but destabilizes the denatured conformation, probably by decreasing its chain entropy. PMID- 6210106 TI - Structure of the membrane-embedded F0 part of F1F0 ATP synthase from Escherichia coli as inferred from labeling with 3-(Trifluoromethyl)-3-(m [125I]iodophenyl)diazirine. AB - 3-(Trifluoromethyl)-3-(m-[125I]iodophenyl)diazirine [( 125I]TID) is a photoactivatable carbene precursor designed to label selectively the hydrophobic core of membranes. We have used this reagent to obtain information on the topological organization of the membrane-embedded subunits of F1F0 ATP synthase from Escherichia coli. The study included [125I]TID labeling of F0 subunits in different structural (conformational) states and Edman degradations of the labeled polypeptides in order to assign the covalently bound radioactivity to individual amino acid residues. Released phenylthiohydantoin amino acids were analyzed by thin-layer chromatography, and the radioactive derivatives were visualized by autoradiography. The data suggest that labeling patterns can be correlated in a meaningful manner with reagent accessibility and hence with protein-lipid contact. Subunit b appears to be anchored to the membrane by a short N-terminal segment. As almost all of the amino acids of this part are accessible to the reagent, it is inferred that this segment has little interaction with the other subunits. In contrast, in the two segments of subunit c that were labeled with [125I]TID, only certain amino acids reacted with the label. The pattern of these labeled residues is compatible with that of tightly packed alpha-helices. PMID- 6210107 TI - Structure of an immunodominant epitope of the circumsporozoite surface protein of Plasmodium knowlesi. AB - Previous studies have shown that the immunodominant region of the circumsporozoite surface (CS) protein of Plasmodium knowlesi is contained within a tandemly repeated dodecapeptide: Gln-Ala-Gln-Gly-Asp-Gly-Ala-Asn-Ala-Gly-Gln Pro. We show here that the CS protein epitopes reacting with six monoclonal antibodies raised against the intact parasite are represented in a synthetic tandem repeat of this dodecapeptide. The specificity of four of these antibodies was studied further by preparing synthetic peptides corresponding to overlapping regions of the repeats and measuring their ability to inhibit the specific interaction between the antibodies and CS proteins. We find that three antibodies have very similar patterns of reactivity with this series of peptides and that they define an epitope of eight amino acids (Gly-Asp-Gly-Ala-Asn-Ala-Gly-Gln) within the dodecapeptide. The remaining antibody probably recognizes a configurational epitope formed by a tandem repeat of the dodecapeptide. PMID- 6210108 TI - Electrostatic forces control the penetration of membranes by charged solutes. AB - Using fluorescent, anionic dyes such as carboxyfluorescein as model solutes, it is shown that the forces allowing such solutes to be retained within sealed lipid vesicles, against a large concentration gradient, can be primarily electrostatic in nature. At temperatures distant from that of the ordered-fluid lipid phase transition a small number of the anionic dye molecules trapped within lipid vesicles are capable of traversing the lipid bilayer and establishing an electrical diffusion potential across the membrane. Further solute movement can then only occur with the concomitant permeation of ions which restore electrical balance. A significant flux of dye can be triggered by (a) increasing the permeability of the membrane to ions (for example by the addition of ionophores such as gramicidin, or by allowing the lipid to approach a phase transition) or by (b) adding lipophilic counterions such as tetraphenylborate or dinitrophenol to the system. PMID- 6210109 TI - Driving forces in hepatocellular uptake of phalloidin and cholate. AB - Active uptake of phalloidin and cholate in isolated rat liver cells depends upon both Na+ gradient and membrane potential. Omission of Na+ or inhibition of the (Na+ + K+)-ATPase diminished both phalloidin and cholate uptake. Dissipation of the sodium, potassium or proton gradient by monensin, nigericin, gramicidin and valinomycin blocked phalloidin uptake and also caused reduction of cholate transport. Chelation of Ca2+ and Mg2+ by EGTA or incubation of liver cells with NH4Cl neither influenced phalloidin nor cholate uptake. Hyperpolarization of liver cells by the lipophilic anions NO3- or SCN- enhanced phalloidin but reduced cholate uptake. Depolarization induced by a reversed K+ gradient reduced both kinds of transport. The results indicate that sodium ions and the membrane potential are driving forces for phalloidin and cholate uptake in hepatocytes. PMID- 6210110 TI - The effect of zinc and other divalent cations on the structure and function of human alpha 2-macroglobulin. AB - Zinc binding to human alpha 2-macroglobulin was studied to assess its involvement in the structure and function alpha 2-macroglobulin. Equilibrium dialysis experiments indicated multiple classes of zinc-binding sites, the one of highest affinity having a site number of 20 and a Kd value of 8 X 10(-7) M. Native alpha 2-macroglobulin and alpha 2-macroglobulin-trypsin complexes bound comparable amount of zinc. The proteinase inhibitory activity of alpha 2-macroglobulin was not affected by zinc binding at physiological concentrations nor by the removal of zinc by EDTA. Above 25 microM zinc, alpha 2-macroglobulin activity decreased, although binding of [125I]trypsin was not affected. When nondenaturing gel electrophoresis was performed, the preparation of alpha 2-macroglobulin migrated as half-molecules at increasing zinc concentration. Experiments with other divalent cations correlated decreases in alpha 2-macroglobulin activity with apparent dissociation of the alpha 2-macroglobulin tetramer in the presence of copper and mercury, but not barium, cadmium or nickel. While zinc binding to alpha 2-macroglobulin does not function in proteinase inhibition, it might be involved in zinc transport in vivo. At nonphysiological concentrations, zinc and other divalent cations are useful as probes of protein quaternary structure. PMID- 6210111 TI - Uridine uptake by isolated intestinal epithelial cells of guinea pig. AB - Uptake of uridine was studied in isolated intestinal epithelial cells of guinea pig. Uptake was not severely influenced by metabolism. Free uridine was accumulated within cells 13-fold. Uptake was saturable with an apparent Km value of 46 microM and a Vmax of 0.9 nmol/mg protein per min. Uracil inhibited uptake only slightly; adenosine, guanosine and cytosine inhibited strongly. Antimycin A and ouabain inhibited almost 90%. If the extracellular Na+ concentration was decreased to 5 mM, the rate of uptake decreased 6.5-fold. The stimulatory effect of Na+ was related to the transmembraneous Na+-gradient. Cells from jejunum transported about 30% faster than cells from ileum. In conclusion, isolated enterocytes of guinea pig posses an active transport system for uridine. PMID- 6210112 TI - [Reduction of ferricytochrome P-450 with eosin photoradicals]. AB - Photoreduction of ferricytochrome P-450 with eosine radicals was studied by flash photolysis. Reactivity of reduced protein was estimated by CO binding. It has been stated that both, at direct reduction of cytochrome P-450 and at its recombination with CO after its photodissociation of carboxycomplex the reaction consists of three stages with similar rate constants but different weight ratio of corresponding stages. This result well agrees with the supposition about non equilibrium (in the course of reduction) distribution of cytochrome P-450 conformers. PMID- 6210113 TI - [Cell surface RNA--a possible molecular receptor of adaptogens]. AB - When RNA of the cell surface is destroyed with RNAase, the effect of adaptogenes is removed. Such effect is produced by introduction of actinomycin D 30 minutes before intake of adaptogene. Destruction of surface RNA stimulates protein synthesis. Comparison of these facts permits a hypothesis to be advanced saying that surface RNA is a receptor of adaptogenes obtained from plants of Aralia family. PMID- 6210114 TI - Action of polyamines on ribonucleic acid and protein synthesis during ontogeny of human fetal liver. AB - A higher rate of RNA synthesis in human fetal liver cells was found during the early age of gestation, after a drop, it gradually increases to a maximum value between 18 and 22 weeks, followed by a sharp decrease at later period of gestation. Total polyamine content of fetal liver tissue shows a similar trend. However, when liver cell suspension was incubated with exogenous spermine, spermidine and putrescine there is a dose-dependent inhibition in RNA synthesis. Protein synthesis in human fetal liver cells was stimulated with lower doses of spermine, spermidine and putrescine and inhibited at higher doses. The optimum dose for stimulation and the degree of stimulation was, however, not the same for fetuses of different gestational ages. PMID- 6210115 TI - [Diagnosis of malignant diseases using tumor markers]. PMID- 6210116 TI - Active RNA: RNA enzymes in RNA splicing and processing. PMID- 6210117 TI - A monoclonal antibody (HNo-g7) with specificity for a human nucleolar protein. AB - A murine monoclonal antibody which reacts strongly with the nucleoli of human epithelial cells has been isolated. The antibody is of the IgM class and the antigen has a molecular weight of 45 000. The antibody appears to react with interphase chromatin only and to have specificity for epithelial cells. PMID- 6210118 TI - [Effect of bile on the amylolytic activity of various biological media]. AB - It has been established in experiments in vitro that bile activates amylase in blood, saliva and homogenates of the pancreas and small intestinal mucosa. Activation was found to depend on the amount of bile added and enzyme origin. It is suggested that bile has a direct effect on conformation of the amylase molecules. PMID- 6210119 TI - [Fibrinolytic action of an enzyme preparation conjugated with specific antibodies]. AB - The authors have modified alpha-chymotrypsin covalently bound via aldehyde dextran with polyclonal antibodies to fibrinogen. Modification does not lead to any substantial changes in the catalytic properties of the enzymes or to appreciable losses in specific activity of antibodies. At the same time in experimental thrombolysis in vitro, the derivatives obtained exhibit a higher fibrinolytic action as compared with control preparations. It is assumed that the effect observed is accounted for by an increase in tropism of the conjugate obtained to the fibrin clot. PMID- 6210120 TI - [Interrelations of natural cellular cytotoxicity and interferon systems in immobilization stress]. AB - The suppressed cytotoxic natural killer activity was observed in the mouse spleen during 2 days after 6 h of immobilization stress. Both serum interferon level and interferon production by spleen cells under PHA, ConA and enterotoxin stimulation were also significantly decreased. The period of suppression was followed by the recovery of the activity of the two systems by day 7-9. The experimental data form the basis for the suggestion that endogenous interferon has major significance for the mechanism of disturbed natural killer activity after stress influences. PMID- 6210121 TI - [Behavioral and biochemical characteristics of rats preferring ethanol or water]. AB - A study was made of the RNA biosynthesis intensity in the brain cortex depending on the rate of the learning of the conditioned active avoidance and food reinforcement alteration responses in ethanol or water preferring rats placed in a complex maze. The level of the brain RNA biosynthesis in ethanol preferring rats was lower as compared with that in rats preferring water. In ethanol preferring rats, the rate of the learning of the conditioned active avoidance response was lower, whereas that of the learning of the alternation response was greater than in water preferring rats. The data are discussed in accordance with the concepts that disorders in the interaction of transmitter and genetic structures of brain cells form the basis of the behavior of ethanol preferring animals. PMID- 6210122 TI - [Activation of cell division and nucleic acid synthesis in the corneal epithelium of white rats undergoing repeated exposure to stress]. AB - A study was made of the influence of single and repeated stress on the mitotic activity and synthesis of DNA and RNA in the corneal epithelium of albino rats. The stressors used were fixation on the back during one hour, the influence of 1.5-h hyperthermia (41.5 degrees C), and the influence of hypoxia (4h, 9000 m). Single stress induced the depression of the mitotic activity. The autography tests of DNA synthesis were made constantly. Repeated stress (5 exposures) entailed activation of the synthesis of the nucleic acids and cell division, evidence of a structural trace of stress, in the epithelial tissues. PMID- 6210123 TI - [Cytoskeletal reorganization in hepatocytes of the regenerating mouse liver]. AB - The intracellular pattern of prekeratin and actin filaments has been studied on sections of mouse livers regenerating after CCl4 injury. Monoclonal antibodies against one of liver prekeratins and monospecific polyclonal actin antibodies were used in the indirect immunofluorescent test. The presence of alpha fetoprotein and bile canaliculi antigen was also monitored during regeneration. In control livers, prekeratin and actin filaments formed thick bundles adjacent to plasma membranes. The cytoplasmic prekeratin network was unmarked. In contrast to the latter, the bright well developed intracytoplasmic prekeratin network and intracytoplasmic actin fibers were identified in the perinecrotic hepatocytes by the 3d-4th day of regeneration. This rearrangement of the cytoskeleton coincided in time with the appearance of alpha-fetoprotein and the loss of the bile canaliculi antigen in the perinecrotic hepatocytes. PMID- 6210124 TI - Studies on plasma cyclic nucleotide, cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase, beta thromboglobulin, and myoglobin response in patients with acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 6210125 TI - Is there really a schizophrenia? The long-term course of psychotic phenomena. AB - The author fundamentally questions the traditional concept of the disease-entity (or several disease entities) of 'schizophrenia' and discusses an alternative concept, based on vulnerability and information-processing. According to this, schizophrenia-like psychotic phenomena develop in three phases. In the first, premorbid phase, combined biological (genetic and possibly other organic) and psycho-social influences lead to a premorbid 'vulnerability', characterised by a low tolerance of cognitive and emotional stress, corresponding to an insufficient capacity for the adequate processing of complex information. In the second phase, stressful life-events can lead to unique or repeated acute productive psychotic episodes. The third phase, that of long-term evolution, depends more on psycho social influences than on biological factors. Under unfavourable conditions, it may lead to predominantly unproductive residual states of various degrees, which can largely be understood as regulatory mechanisms to restrict stressful over stimulation. There is no clearly delimitable disease entity of schizophrenia with constant causes, psychopathological picture, or course, but rather a multi conditioned life-process, occurring in people with a particular vulnerability, interacting with complex life-events and circumstances. This new concept has important consequences for therapy and prevention. PMID- 6210126 TI - Teaching terminal care at Queen's University of Belfast. I--Course, sessional educational objectives, and content. PMID- 6210127 TI - Anaphylactic reaction to aprotinin. PMID- 6210128 TI - Serotonin-containing projections to the thalamus in the rat revealed by a horseradish peroxidase and peroxidase antiperoxidase double-staining technique. AB - The retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) has been used in combination with peroxidase antiperoxidase (PAP) immunocytochemistry in order to investigate serotonin-containing projections to the thalamus of the rat. Sections were histochemically stained to reveal retrogradely transported HRP and then PAP immunostained using a monoclonal anti-serotonin (5-HT) antibody. Following HRP injections into the ventral thalamus, retrogradely labelled cells were observed in a number of sites in the brainstem and including areas known to be rich in 5 HT-containing neurons. At rostral levels of the dorsal raphe nucleus, retrogradely labelled cells were observed both on the midline and in a distinct lateral group extending diffusely into the periaqueductal gray (PAG). In both of these areas many 5-HT-immunoreactive HRP retrogradely labelled neurons were observed. However, except for the most rostral levels of the dorsal raphe nucleus, such double-labelled cells represented only a small proportion of the total population of 5-HT-immunoreactive neurons. In the lateral group, the retrograde labelling was mainly unilateral to the injection site but some contralateral labelling was also seen. At caudal levels of the dorsal raphe nucleus, retrogradely labelled cells were observed predominantly in the lateral group. At the level of the dorsolateral tegmental nucleus, few 5-HT or 5-HT/HRP labelled cells were observed in the lateral group, although HRP retrogradely labelled neurons were present. Double-stained cells were detected also in the medial raphe nucleus (corresponding to the B8 cell group according to the nomenclature of Dahlstrom and Fuxe), among the fibres of the medial lemniscus (B9), and in nucleus raphe pontis (B5). PMID- 6210129 TI - Spinal cord serotonin: a biochemical and immunohistochemical study following transection. AB - The serotonin (5-HT) content of rat spinal cord was studied following complete cord transection, transverse hemisection and rhizotomy by high pressure liquid chromatography-electrochemical detection (HPLC-EC) chromatography and immunohistochemically with rabbit anti-5-HT antiserum. Spinal cord 5-HT decreased but did not disappear after complete cord transection when studied 5 or 10 days after lesioning. Indeed the indole content 5 or 10 days after section were similar. Below the transection 5-HT-like immunoreactive neuronal elements were present, appeared normal but were significantly reduced compared with control cord. Although neuronal fibers were present after transection, no immunoreactive neuronal cell bodies were observed. The neuronal elements remaining after transection were capable of synthesizing and metabolizing 5-HT as evidenced by elevated 5-HT and decreased 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) after inhibition of monoamine oxidase. Complete cord transection resulted in a fall of 5-HT in the ventral roots suggesting that they contain efferent 5-HT elements that originate above the transection. Rhizotomy plus cord transection did not change cord indole content more than transection alone demonstrating that the indoles that remain in the cord after transection did not originate from peripheral afferent 5-HT neurons. Hemitransection resulted in partial loss of immunoreactive neuronal elements on the cut side, but 5-HT-like immunoreactive nerve fibers were observed crossing within the cord from the intact side by the spinal canal. Analysis of indole content in the hemitransected cord were consistent with crossing of 5-HT fibers within spinal segments. Our studies, taken together with reports by other laboratories, support the notion that significant 5-HT elements remain in the spinal cord after transection. These elements appear normal morphologically and biochemically. PMID- 6210130 TI - Mammalian brain antigens defined by monoclonal antibodies. AB - Seventy-two hybridoma lines that produce monoclonal antibodies to molecules of a rat synaptosomal plasma membrane fraction (SPM) were generated. The topographical distribution of the antigens in the cerebellum and other areas of the brain was studied by light microscopy immunocytochemistry. Some of the antibodies recognize exclusively neuronal antigens while others bind to specific glial molecules. Some of the antigens have a distribution limited to certain classes of neurons. There are antigens localized in both the cell bodies and processes while others are present only in the latter. Immunoblots of SPM proteins indicate that some antibodies react specifically with one or few of these proteins while other antibodies react with many. The latter antibodies also generally react with many brain cell types. Particularly interesting is the monoclonal antibody 8-6A2 which binds to many SPM proteins but only recognizes large neurons with long axons. A further characterization of the antigens was done by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and immunoblots of known purified proteins. The results indicate that antibody 8-2H5 binds specifically to clathrin, 8-7A5 to actin, 8-1E7 to the glial fibrillary acidic protein and both 8-3A5 and 7-2C12 to collagen. In contrast, the antibodies 4-4C3, 2-4H3, 4-4G7 and 6-6A8 bind to antigenic determinants present in many purified proteins. PMID- 6210131 TI - Biphasic time-course of capsaicin-induced substance P depletion: failure to correlate with thermal analgesia in the rat. AB - Capsaicin (15 or 100 mg/kg, s.c.) produced thermal analgesia in the rat hot plate test (55 degrees C). Capsaicin (100 mg/kg) also caused a reduction in spinal cord substance P levels. However, the time-course of capsaicin-induced depletion of substance P levels does not correlate with the time-course of thermal analgesia. Also, substance P depletion is biphasic, suggesting that more than one mechanism is involved in capsaicin's ability to reduce substance P levels in the spinal cord. PMID- 6210132 TI - Inferior olivary neurons: 3-acetylpyridine effects on glucose consumption, axonal transport, electrical activity and harmaline-induced tremor. AB - The effects of 3-acetylpyridine (3-AP) on the neurons in the inferior olive (IO) were studied by several methods to establish the time-order of events due to the neurotoxicity of 3-AP in the rat. It was found that IO metabolism, studied with [14C]2-deoxyglucose, began to decrease detectably 1 h after 3-AP and was totally suppressed at 3 h. Retrograde axonal transport of lectin horseradish peroxidase (HRP) from cerebellar cortex to the IO was also totally suppressed 3 h after 3-AP and in fact showed a time course similar to that for the suppression of metabolism. Harmaline produced tremor has been shown to induce rhythmic activity and increase glucose consumption in the IO. When injected in 3-AP treated animals, harmaline produced its usual effects at 2 h after the 3-AP but had no effects after 3 h. The present results indicate that the neurotoxic effects of 3 AP are not simply graded in time, but tend to have the greatest effects between the 2nd and 3rd hour following its administration. PMID- 6210133 TI - [The sexual life of patients with adenoma and carcinoma of the prostate]. PMID- 6210134 TI - Characterization of a 60,000-dalton oncofetal protein from the plasma of tumor bearing rats. AB - A tumor cell-associated protein, previously shown to be present in the circulation of carcinogen-treated and tumor-bearing animals and cancer patients, has now been identified in the cytosol of embryonic tissue. This oncofetal protein, which is absent from the plasma of normal animals, has been purified from the plasma of tumor-bearing rats by a series of steps including ammonium sulfate fractionation and chromatography on Sepharose CL-6B and on CM Affi-Gel Blue. The tumor and fetal-associated 60-kd rat factors appear to be identical based on their reactivity to polyclonal antibody produced against the tumor factor. The factor, assayed by its ability to induce the transport of RNA from isolated nuclei, is a phosphoprotein with a minimum molecular weight of 60,000, as determined by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. In its purified form it is phosphorylated in the presence of the catalytic subunit of heart muscle protein kinase and ATP but does not exhibit auto-phosphorylating activity. 32P orthophosphate is also incorporated into the phosphoprotein in vivo. PMID- 6210135 TI - [Nonsense RNA: a tool for specifically inhibiting the expression of a gene in vivo]. AB - We describe a general technique to inhibit gene expression in eukaryotic cells. The gene we chose to inhibit was the E. coli LacZ gene (encoding beta galactosidase), which has previously been cloned into a eukaryotic expression vector [1]. This plasmid is called pCH110. We constructed a variant of pCH110 in which we flipped a 2566 base pair 5' fragment of the LacZ gene into the antiparallel orientation. The plasmid containing this mutated LacZ gene is called pNSLacZ (NS signifies non-sense coding sequence). When equal amounts of pCH110 and pNSLacZ are co-transfected into 3T6 mouse fibroblasts, the beta-galactosidase activity is decreased by approximately a factor of ten. Increasing the ratio of pNSLacZ to pCH110 above 1:1 does not appreciably increase the level of inhibition. Next, we prove the specificity of the inhibition by adding a third gene to the transfection mixture. For this purpose, we used pSVneo beta, a plasmid which expresses a phosphotransferase. We found that even when the beta galactosidase activity was diminished by a factor of 10, the phosphotransferase activity was unaffected. Therefore, we have demonstrated that: the presence of an antiparallel copy of the LacZ gene results in a significant and specific diminution of the LacZ gene's expression; only a fraction of the LacZ gene needs to be in the antiparallel orientation in order to observe this effect. These results suggest that this technique can serve as a tool to decrease the level of gene expression in order to study the function of specific genes, or as a therapeutic manoeuvre in the treatment of disorders of abnormal gene expression. PMID- 6210136 TI - Proteins of fast axonal transport in the regenerating hypoglossal nerve of the rat. AB - The composition of proteins conveyed by fast axonal transport in growing or regenerating axons is different from that of intact, mature axons. Consistent alterations have been observed in several different types of neurons, but adult peripheral axons (rabbit hypoglossal motoneurons) seemed to be exceptions because during their regeneration there was no increased labelling of a 23 kilodalton (kD) protein associated with the growth state. We examined the composition of fast-transported proteins, labelled by application of [35S]methionine to the hypoglossal nuclei, in intact and regenerating hypoglossal nerves of the rat. Using one- and two-dimensional electrophoresis we detected both increases and decreases in the labelling of specific polypeptides during regeneration. In particular, there was increased labelling of a 23 kD polypeptide. Changes were maximal 7 days after axotomy and subsided thereafter, coincident with reinnervation of the tongue. We conclude that hypoglossal axons show the same changes in transported protein composition which are characteristic of the growth state in other axons. Thus, we have strengthened the correlation between the growth state and changes in synthesis of a set of polypeptides of unknown function. PMID- 6210137 TI - Calcium channel activation in vascular smooth muscle by BAY K 8644. AB - BAY K 8644 (methyl-1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-3-nitro-4-(2-trifluoromethylphenyl) pyridine-5-carboxylate) and CGP 28 392 (ethyl-4(2-difluoromethoxyphenyl)-1,4,5,7 tetrahydro-2-methyl-5-++ +oxofuro- [3,4-b]pyridine-3-carboxylate) are closely related in structure to nifedipine and other 1,4-dihydropyridine Ca2+ channel antagonists. However, both BAY K 8644 and CGP 28 392 serve as activators of Ca2+ channels. In the rat tail artery, responses to BAY K 8644 are dependent upon Ca2+ext and prior stimulation by K+ or by the alpha-adrenoceptor agonists, phenylephrine and BHT 920 (6-allyl-2-amino-5,6,7,8,-tetrahydro-4H-thiazolo[4,5 d]azepin dihydrochloride). Responses are blocked noncompetitively by the Ca2+ channel antagonists D-600 [-)-D-600 greater than (+)-D-600) and diltiazem, but competitively by nifedipine (pA2 = 8.27). This suggests that activator and inhibitor 1,4-dihydropyridines interact at the same site. BAY K 8644 potentiates K+ responses and Ca2+ responses in K+-depolarizing media. The leftward shift of the K+ dose--response curve produced by BAY K 8644 suggests that this ligand facilitates the voltage-dependent activation of the Ca2+ channel. The pA2 value for nifedipine antagonism of BAY K 8644 responses is significantly lower than that for nifedipine antagonism of Ca2+ responses in K+ (25-80 mM) depolarizing media (9.4-9.6), suggesting that the state of the channel may differ according to the activating stimulus. PMID- 6210138 TI - Lin and Win Htut: the conjoined twins from Burma. PMID- 6210139 TI - Isolation of human chromosome 13-specific DNA sequences cloned from flow sorted chromosomes and potentially linked to the retinoblastoma locus. AB - A recombinant DNA library has been constructed using flow sorted chromosome #13 DNA and the phage vector, Charon 21A. Roughly 90% of the phage inserts in the library hybridize to human repetitive DNA. Phage containing human nonrepetitive inserts have been screened for chromosome #13 specificity by Southern blot analysis using the genomic DNA of human-rodent cell hybrids containing different regions of the human #13 autosome. Of 18 phage inserts characterized, 13 have been assigned to the 13q12----q22 subregion, three appear to be localized in the 13pter----q12 region, and two are not #13-specific. By Southern blot analysis of the DNA of a retinoblastoma patient exhibiting a deletion of band 13q14 and of karyotypically normal individuals, two phage inserts have been putatively assigned to band 13q14, the currently accepted locus for a genetic determinant for retinoblastoma. These two DNA probes show quantitative differences in hybridization band intensity in the genomic DNA of the 13q--patient relative to that of the normals. In situ hybridization data support these conclusions. A recombinant phage library that shows an approximate 90% enrichment for human chromosome #13-specific DNA fragments should prove useful not only in studies related to retinoblastoma, but also in the molecular analysis of the structure and function of chromosome #13. PMID- 6210140 TI - gamma-Glutamyltranspeptidase activity in a human pancreatic cancer cell line (HPC Y1) in serum-free chemically defined medium. AB - gamma-Glutamyltranspeptidase (gamma-GTP) activity was found in a human pancreatic cancer cell line, HPC-Y1, cultivated in a serum-free chemically defined medium. The gamma-GTP stained in the cytoplasms as fine granules and was produced constantly in a protein-free chemically defined medium. The detergent- or protease-solubilized gamma-GTP of HPC-Y1 cells in serum-free medium was compared with the gamma-GTPs extracted from HPC-Y1 cells in serum-containing medium, human pancreatic carcinoma and normal human pancreas. Their molecular weights, electrophoretic mobilities, affinity to Concanavalin A-Sepharose and isoelectric points were almost identical. No cancer specific properties in the gamma-GTP derived from human pancreatic carcinoma cell line were found by these analyses. However, the serum-free spent medium of HPC-Y1 cells was useful for purifying the gamma-GTP secreted from the human pancreatic carcinoma cell line, since it is not necessary to separate the contaminated serum components that are usually added for cell cultures and the extraction procedures could induce minor structural change and/or artificial modification of gamma-GTP. PMID- 6210141 TI - Effects of dose and duration of exposure on 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine cytotoxicity for L1210 leukemia in vitro. AB - We have investigated the effects of 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (DAC) on the growth and clonogenic potential of L1210 leukemia in vitro. Cells were exposed to DAC (0.001-100 micrograms/ml) for periods of 1-120 hrs. Following drug removal, cell growth in suspension culture was measured for up to 7 days, and cell survival was estimated by a colony-formation assay. When cell clonogenicity was plotted against DAC concentration in log-log axis, curves for each exposure time were linear between 0.01 and 0.5 micrograms/ml of DAC, but survival leveled off to a constant percentage for drug concentrations greater than 0.5 micrograms/ml. Percent survival decreased as exposure time increased up to 24 hrs; however, increases in exposure time greater than 24 hrs did not consistently decrease survival any further. At the lower concentrations this leveling of cytotoxicity is due to the spontaneous decomposition of DAC and to the lack of cytotoxicity of the breakdown products. At the higher concentrations the cause of the leveling remains uncertain. Incubation of L1210 with DAC at concentrations greater than 0.5 micrograms/ml for greater than or equal to 24 hrs resulted in total inhibition of measurable cell growth for 72-96 hrs following drug removal. Sequential colony-formation assays at various intervals following drug removal demonstrated a time-dependent increase in cell clonogenicity at a rate approximating the growth rate of untreated L1210 cells. This suggests that despite total cytostasis of the major population of cells, a small fraction of cells is capable of dividing at a near normal rate if removed from the drug environment. Implications of these results for in vivo applications of DAC are discussed. PMID- 6210142 TI - Antileukemic activity of 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine and cytarabine against intracerebral L1210 murine leukemia. AB - The effect of different doses of 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-aza-dCyd) or cytarabine (ara-C) on the survival time of mice with intracerebral (ic) L1210 leukemia was compared. CD2F1 mice were given ic inoculation of 10(3) L1210 cells, and chemotherapy was given as a 12-hour iv infusion at various days thereafter. Treatment on Day 6 with increasing doses of 5-aza-dCyd reached a mean maximal percent increase in lifespan (ILS) of 118% at 20 mg/kg, whereas the mean maximal ILS reached for ara-C was about 60% at 1000 mg/kg. When these equitoxic doses of each drug, as determined by body weight loss, were given on Day 3, 4, or 5, 5-aza dCyd gave greater ILS and more 60-day survivors than ara-C. These data indicate that 5-aza-dCyd is more effective than ara-C against the ic L1210 leukemia. PMID- 6210143 TI - Phase II evaluation of doxorubicin plus bleomycin in hepatocellular carcinoma: a Southeastern Cancer Study Group trial. PMID- 6210144 TI - Interrelationships between water and cellular metabolism in Artemia cysts. XI. Density measurements. AB - Cysts of the crustacean Artemia are a useful model for studies on intracellular water because they are capable of essentially complete and reversible desiccation. We have used a variety of techniques on this system, the present work being an attempt to estimate the density of intracellular water (rho w). The density of individual cysts was evaluated from sedimentation velocity. Heptane displacement methods were used to determine the volume of a known mass of cysts, from which the density was calculated. The two methods produce comparable results. It was shown that the densities and water contents of large masses of cysts accurately reflect those of individual cysts. Cyst densities (rho c) were determined over the entire range of water content from 0 to 0.63 weight fraction of water (Wf), and temperature dependence was measured for 0.61 Wf over 2-41 degrees C. The following refer to 25 degrees C. No marked change was detected in rho c until the water content exceeded 0.15 Wf, at which rho c decreased as a linear function of Wf to maximum water content. However, the cyst does not behave ideally in the sense that the densities of the nonaqueous components and added water are not additive as a function of Wf. The partial specific volume of water in cysts at maximum hydration was estimated to be 3% larger than that of pure water. These observations are compared with density measurements on other systems, and with previous findings on the physical properties of water in this system. PMID- 6210145 TI - The effect of specific glycosidases on Ricinus communis agglutinin binding to cell surfaces of two tumor sublines. A comparative flow-cytometric study. AB - The effects of the sequential application of specific glycosidases on surfaces of living mammalian cells were studied with respect to their ability to bind the beta-galactoside-specific lectin, Ricinus communis agglutinin (RCA). Sialidase and beta-galactosidases from different sources were tested for their actions on two strains of mouse lymphoma cells differing markedly in their metastatic potential. Binding studies were performed by quantitative flow cytometry with fluorescent RCA, and numbers of specific binding sites and equilibrium association constants for the lectin on living cells were determined before and after the various enzyme treatments. Although the number of binding sites for native and sialidase-treated cells were almost identical for both cell strains, differences in the apparent affinity constants could be detected. Differences between the two strains became even more pronounced, also with respect to the number of binding sites, after treatment with beta-galactosidases from S. pneumoniae and from bovine testis. It is suggested that such combined strategies provide valuable tools for the differentiation of surface carbohydrate moieties on intact living cells, especially for comparative purposes. PMID- 6210146 TI - Phase transitions in nuclei and chromatin. Is nuclear volume controlled by the chromatin or by the nuclear matrix? AB - Changes in the volume of rat liver nuclei have been monitored as a function of modifications in ionic environment (from 0 to 20 mM), temperature (from 4 to 37 degrees C), and pH (from 1 to 8). An abrupt reduction of nuclear volume occurred with increasing ion concentration, this contraction being more pronounced with bivalent (either Ca2+ or Mg2+) than with monovalent (either Na+ or K+) cations. The lowering of pH produced a similar effect. Parallel changes in chromatin structure took place at the same time as phase-like transitions. Atomic absorption spectroscopy allowed determination of free and nuclei-bound ions, pointing to the presence of a sizeable number of free binding sites for chromatin DNA even within intact nuclei. DNA-phosphate sites appear to be neutralized by ions strictly according to the size of the electric charge and polyelectrolyte theory. Partial digestion (by micrococcal nuclease) or simple breaks (by chemical carcinogens) of the chromatin-DNA fiber caused respectively elimination or reduction of the abrupt volume changes in the intact nuclei. The apparent role of chromatin structure versus nuclear matrix in determining the shape and volume of intact nuclei is briefly discussed. PMID- 6210147 TI - Kinetics of water loss and the likelihood of intracellular freezing in mouse ova. Influence of the method of calculating the temperature dependence of water permeability. AB - To avoid intracellular freezing and its usually lethal consequences, cells must lose their freezable water before reaching their ice-nucleation temperature. One major factor determining the rate of water loss is the temperature dependence of the water permeability, Lp (hydraulic conductivity). Because of the paucity of water permeability measurements at subzero temperatures, that temperature dependence has usually been extrapolated from above-zero measurements. The extrapolation has often been based on an exponential dependence of Lp on temperature. This paper compares the kinetics of water loss based on that extrapolation with that based on an Arrhenius relation between Lp and temperature, and finds substantial differences below -20 to -25 degrees C. Since the ice-nucleation temperature of mouse ova in the cryoprotectants DMSO and glycerol is usually below -30 degrees C, the Arrhenius form of the water-loss equation was used to compute the extent of supercooling in ova cooled at rates between 1 and 8 degrees C/min and the consequent likelihood of intracellular freezing. The predicted likelihood agrees well with that previously observed. The water-loss equation was also used to compute the volumes of ova as a function of cooling rate and temperature. The computed cell volumes agree qualitatively with previously observed volumes, but differ quantitatively. PMID- 6210148 TI - Fibrinogen and the ultralong-range interaction of human erythrocytes. AB - Fibrinogen, purified by a new method, does not transmit the ultralong-range interaction of erythrocytes. It can be converted into a transmitter by the addition of a preparation of clotting factors used clinically in the treatment of hemophilia B. It is suggested that the addition of the clotting factors induces a conformational change in fibrinogen, which can then polymerize. PMID- 6210149 TI - Xenopus 5S gene transcription factor, TFIIIA: characterization of a cDNA clone and measurement of RNA levels throughout development. AB - Initiation of 5S RNA gene transcription in Xenopus oocytes requires a 38,500 dalton polypeptide, TFIIIA. The levels of both 5S RNA and TFIIIA are regulated throughout oogenesis and embryonic development. To delineate the mechanisms by which the corresponding genes are regulated, as well as to determine the primary structure of TFIIIA, we have isolated a cDNA clone that encodes TFIIIA. Using the cDNA clone, we have determined that there is (are) one or a small number of TFIIIA gene(s) per Xenopus haploid genome, and we have estimated the size and levels of TFIIIA RNA throughout Xenopus development. We report sequence homologies between TFIIIA cDNA and regulatory regions of the Xenopus tmet and 5S RNA genes. Implications of these data for developmental regulation of the TFIIIA and 5S RNA genes are discussed. PMID- 6210150 TI - Remarkable conservation of structure among intermediate filament genes. AB - Using a cloned cDNA complementary to a portion of the mRNA for the 50 kd human epidermal keratin, we have screened a human genomic library and have isolated and sequenced the gene encoding this keratin. A comparison of the keratin gene with the very distantly related vimentin gene has enabled us to explore the relation between the evolutionary conservation of structure in intermediate filament (IF) subunits and the conservation of structure in IF genes. Our results reveal that not only the secondary structure of the IF proteins, but also the structural skeleton of their genes, has been maintained throughout evolution. These characteristics have persisted despite considerable flexibility in both protein and nucleic acid sequence. Surprisingly, although the positions of the introns within these two genes are highly conserved, they do not seem to correspond to the boundaries of the structural domains common to all IF subunits. PMID- 6210151 TI - Splicing of large ribosomal precursor RNA and processing of intron RNA in yeast mitochondria. AB - We have studied splicing of precursors to the large ribosomal RNA and processing of the excised intron in yeast mitochondria using primer extension with reverse transcriptase and electron microscopy. Structural features of the following intermediates are described: first, a linear RNA carrying a 5'-terminal G that is not encoded in mitochondrial DNA; second, a circular RNA in which the 3' and 5' intron borders are covalently linked. Three nucleotides of the 5' intron border are absent from the site of circle closure. The properties of these intermediates fit remarkably well into the mechanism of self-splicing described for the ribosomal precursor RNA from Tetrahymena nuclei. A new feature of the yeast mitochondrial system is that the excised intron can have one of two destinies, circularization or cleavage at an internal position. PMID- 6210152 TI - Inhibition by quercetin of the release of density dependent-inhibition of cell growth in RSV-transformed chicken cells. AB - The expression of src gene in dense cultures of chick embryo fibroblasts (CEF) infected by a thermosensitive mutant (NY68) of RSV released density-dependent inhibition of growth and induced in these cells a large increase in DNA, RNA and protein synthesis. This stimulation of cellular metabolism was abolished in the presence of quercetin. Furthermore, quercetin added to the culture medium also inhibited the stimulation of pp60src kinase due to the expression of transformation. PMID- 6210153 TI - Visualization of phosphotyrosine containing molecules within the detergent insoluble cell matrix of v-src transformed fibroblasts. AB - The RSV oncogene v-src is known to transform host cells through the action of a single gene protein product (pp60src) endowed with tyrosine specific kinase activity. The nature and cellular localization of substrates of pp60src kinase are largely unknown. Detergent insoluble cell matrix was prepared by treating RSV transformed mouse fibroblasts with the non-ionic detergent NP-40. These preparations, highly enriched in cytoskeletal proteins, when observed in the E M consisted mainly of a meshwork of filaments; fragments of plasma membrane and nuclear "ghosts" were also present. Antibodies against phosphotyrosine previously shown to be reactive with protein phosphorylated at tyrosine residues- were prepared and affinity purified using a synthetic hapten (azobenzyl phosphonic acid, ABP). By means of the immunogold techniques applied to electron microscopy, phosphotyrosine containing molecules were found to be present in RSV transformed, but not in control fibroblasts. Gold particles were mostly bound to electron dense granular material associated with the filaments. These results are consistent with the idea that pp60src itself and some tyrosine phosphorylated proteins may be found among detergent-insoluble cell structures. PMID- 6210154 TI - [The effect of sugars on the solubility of lyophilized alpha globulin fractions of human plasma]. PMID- 6210155 TI - [Differentiation of cerebrospinal fluid gamma globulins by electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gel and its significance in the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis]. PMID- 6210156 TI - [Prognostic value of specific developmental disorders of speech in the subsequent psychologic development of the child]. PMID- 6210157 TI - [The system of early detection and rehabilitation of newborn infants at risk in the Prague 4th District]. PMID- 6210158 TI - Photochemical reactions of fentichlor with soluble proteins. AB - The photochemical reactions of the photoallergen fentichlor with soluble proteins have been studied. [35S]Fentichlor was shown to bind covalently to human serum albumin (HSA) when irradiated with UV light (313 nm). HSA had the ability to bind at least eight molecules of fentichlor per molecule of protein. Fractionation of fentichlor-HSA photoadducts after (a) treatment with cyanogen bromide and (b) reduction, carboxymethylation and digestion with trypsin showed that the bound fentichlor was distributed fairly evenly throughout the sequence of the HSA molecule. Fentichlor was also shown to form photoadducts with human gamma globulin and with bovine insulin. Its binding to insulin was restricted to the B chain of the molecule. Fundamental differences between the photochemical reactions of the photo-allergens fentichlor and tetrachlorosalicylanilide (T4CS) with soluble proteins are discussed. The reactions of fentichlor with soluble proteins are not restricted to specific binding sites (unlike T4CS). Fentichlor has the potential to react photochemically with a wide range of proteins in the epidermis and dermis, to form antigens. PMID- 6210159 TI - [Nursing for patients having transplantation of vascularized fetal parathyroid glands]. PMID- 6210161 TI - [Animal experiments in teaching surgery and nursing]. PMID- 6210160 TI - [Care of patients having tracheal carina resection and tracheoplasty]. PMID- 6210162 TI - [Problems raised by the treatment of Kaposi's sarcoma in subjects with AIDS]. AB - Kaposi's Syndrome (K. S.) was defined as a virus induced immunogenic tumour responding to interferon. It can be used as a guideline for therapeutical trials in A. I. D. S. K. S. mortality is 13%. K. S. + O. I. (opportunistic infections) mortality reaches 70% and O. I. mortality is approximately 50%. Therefore treating O. I. is a must but it is not mentioned in the paper. Attempts made to modify immunodepression, usual K. S. treatments, experimental treatments based upon similar pathogenicity (like systemic lupus erythematosus, Hansen's disease, preneoplasia dyskeratosis) were unsuccessful. Trials with alpha recombinant interferon realised at the Sloan Kettering Memorial for Cancer in New York are summarized for 74 patients and are in preliminary interpretation. Our study is based upon 13 cases studied for 14 to 4 months and comes up to the same conclusions using 18 to 36 million units/day for 6 months (6 cases) and 3 to 4 months (7 cases). For 6 full treatments the results are: 2 K. S. were cleaned up after 8 and 3 months follow up, 4 K. S. with O. I.: 3 remissions and then relapses and 1 stabilization, for 7 current treatments: 2 had to be discontinued because of bad tolerance, 1 stabilization and 4 remissions. For all treatments a decrease and a lesser gravity of O. I. can be noted during treatment. Besides flu like syndromes, main clinical side effects, are: asthenia, general condition impairment, 2 fits were observed for which I.N.F. cannot be clearly incriminated. Daily treatment compelling and surveillance are real drawbacks. Different types of better used interferon will probably yield interesting results (40% regression or improvement). PMID- 6210163 TI - Social interaction between parents and babies: validation of an intervention procedure. AB - The purpose of this paper is to evaluate a set of intervention procedures developed as part of a parent-infant interaction model from a larger research study on social interaction between parents and their handicapped infants. Data is presented for three dyads, selected to illustrate the applicability of the procedures under a variety of different conditions including ages of the babies, target behaviours chosen and intervention situations. Results indicated that interactions could be altered through direct intervention with the mothers. The procedures used in the Social Interaction Assessment and Intervention model thus seem to be valid for bringing about change in interactions in dyads with a variety of interactive problems, in at least two different types of situations, and with babies differing widely in age and extent of delay. PMID- 6210164 TI - Multiple forms of alkaline phosphatases in human liver tissue. AB - Alkaline phosphatases (AP) extracted in the presence of n-butanol from human liver are separated by affinity chromatography on phenylsepharose Cl-4B into two fractions named APII and APIIII. By repeated chromatography, APII was purified to a single enzyme entity with a specific activity of 1,684 kU/g protein. APIIII was purified to a specific activity of 535 kU/g protein. It consisted of only APIIII enzyme activity, but still contained gamma-glutamyltransferase activity. These two forms of AP are different in chromatographic and electrophoretic behaviour, APIIII being a larger molecule than APII. APII and APIIII are very similar in enzyme kinetic behavior, such as substrate activity, thermolability and sensitivity to different inhibitors. It is concluded from these experiments that multiple forms of AP in liver bear identical active centres, the difference is due to a modification of protein residue. It is possible that both are modified forms of one enzyme. Both are different from the AP isoenzyme that appears in serum in cholestatic patients. PMID- 6210166 TI - Substance P in the trigeminal system at postmortem: evidence for a role in pain pathways in man. AB - It is suspected that substance P has a role in primary afferent neurotransmission specifically concerned with nociception. This hypothesis has been developed from studies using experimental animals. In the present study indirect immunofluorescence has been used to examine the distribution of substance P containing neurones in the human trigeminal system. The 5 specimens examined were obtained at autopsy. The antibody has been characterised by radio-immunoassay. In addition, neutralisation tests were performed. Approximately 15% of the neuronal perikarya observed in the trigeminal ganglia contained substance P-like material. The central nerve terminal distribution of these neurones was observed in the peripheral layers of nucleus caudalis and the caudal regions of the nucleus interpolaris. Peripheral distribution of fibres, presumably axon terminals, was observed in the dermis of the scalp subjacent to the epidermis. Rarely, fibres penetrated the lower layers of the epidermis. Nerve fibres were seen in the media and adventitia at the origin of the major cerebral vessels, the middle meningeal, muscular and scalp arteries. Nerve fibres were not observed elsewhere in muscle, in the leptomeninges or dura mater, except in and immediately adjacent to the venous sinuses. The distribution of substance P-containing neurones correlates closely with clinical studies which document the blood vessels and skin as the major pain sensitive structures of the scalp and cranium. This is evidence in man that substance P is involved in nociceptive pathways. PMID- 6210165 TI - Measles encephalitis. AB - In measles encephalitis we: Confirmed the decrease in mitogen responses and have shown that it does not correlate with complications. Demonstrated that the 'immunosuppression' is not universal but may be an abnormality of immune regulation as shown by the response to measles virus and myelin basic protein and by an abnormality of suppressor cell activity in patients with measles. Have evidence that there is early demyelination, and a response to myelin basic protein in a large proportion of the patients, and a lack of evidence of direct virus invasion of the brain. These findings lead to our present hypothesis that measles virus infection, probably of lymphoid cells, leads to a breakdown of immune regulation. This lack of regulation may lead to dissemination and allow secondary infection. It may also lead to a break in tolerance leading to autoimmune demyelination, a regulation which as Patterson (1979) has said 'may effectively restrain our ever present capacity to react immunologically against our own nervous tissue'. PMID- 6210167 TI - Antigen specific lymphocyte transformation induced by secreted antigens from Toxoplasma gondii. AB - Secreted (TSA) and water lysed (WLA) antigens derived from cell culture of the RH strain of Toxoplasma gondii have been used to induce antigen specific mitogenesis of lymphocytes from patients with symptomatic and asymptomatic toxoplasmosis. Lymphocyte responsiveness to WLA was similar to previous reports, with about 50% of patients showing a false negative reaction. Responses to TSA however were highly specific, with no false negative reactions. This increased specificity was not due to an increased response against TSA by patients' lymphocytes (P less than 0.001), but a lower TSA response by uninfected subjects' lymphocytes (P greater than 0.1) compared with WLA in both cases. In a minority of both infected and uninfected subjects, there was a low but detectable response to antigens secreted by the host cell line (HCA), and this was directly compared to their responses against TSA. There was at least a 10-fold increase in the patients' responses to TSA when compared with HCA (P less than 0.001), whereas there was no significant difference between the uninfected subjects' responses to these antigens (P greater than 0.1). Preliminary observations have suggested that TSA is distinct from other defined secreted antigens as both heat treatment and solid phase immunosorption did not have any noticeable effect on TSA-induced mitogenesis. PMID- 6210169 TI - Cancer of the stomach--is a follow-up program of any importance for the patient? AB - The clinical course as well as the yield and therapeutic consequences of a strict follow-up program for 206 consecutively treated patients with cancer of the stomach were studied. Median survival was 6 months, varying from 36 months in patients with localized disease to 4 months in patients with distant metastases. Survival after a curative operation was 21 months (median); after a palliative operation survival was 3 months. The 5-year survival was 13%. During follow-up recurrence was detected in 19 out of 83 patients primarily resected for cure. Ten patients had a relaparotomy, and all had non-resectable disease. Recurrence occurred early, and usually within 9 months. Patients primarily operated on for palliation or found inoperable needed further palliative treatment 4 months post operatively (median). In 27 patients the follow-up included gastroscopy, but recurrent disease was not diagnosed in any asymptomatic patients. We conclude that a regular follow-up program will be of minor importance in prolonging survival for patients with cancer of the stomach until effective cytotoxic regimens have been developed. PMID- 6210173 TI - Presence of translatable mRNA for pro alpha 2(I) chains in fibroblasts from a patient with osteogenesis imperfecta whose type I collagen does not contain alpha 2(I) chains. AB - RNA was extracted from the cultured fibroblasts from a patient with osteogenesis imperfecta previously shown to have type I collagen lacking alpha 2(I) chains. When the RNA was examined in a cell-free translation system from reticulocytes, the translation products included both pro alpha 1(I) and pro alpha 2(I) chains. When the poly(A)-enriched polysomal RNA was examined by blot hybridization with cDNAs for pro alpha 1(I) and pro alpha 2(I) chains, mRNAs for both pro alpha 1(I) and pro alpha 2(I) were seen. The ratio of mRNAs for pro alpha 1(I) to mRNAs for pro alpha 2(I) was about the same in the patient's fibroblasts as in control fibroblasts. The results suggested that the absence of pro alpha 2(I) chains in the type I pro-collagen from this patient is probably explained by a mutation which alters the structure of pro alpha 2(I) chains and thereby prevents incorporation of the pro alpha 2(I) chains into triple-helical procollagen. PMID- 6210168 TI - Inhibition of the adenine nucleotide translocator by organ specific autoantibodies in primary biliary cirrhosis. AB - Sera from 13 patients with proven primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) were studied for the capacity to bind to the adenine nucleotide translocator (ANT) isolated from heart, kidney and liver mitochondria. Antibodies against the ANT from liver were detected in the serum of all PBC patients, while 10 of 13 sera were negative when tested with the ANT from heart. None of the sera showed a significant binding to the ANT from kidney. The specific binding and the organ specificity of the autoantibodies against the ANT from liver were also confirmed by immunoabsorption studies on the isolated proteins. To distinguish between antibody titre and antibody activity, we measured the ability of the antisera to inhibit the adenine nucleotide transport across inner mitochondrial membrane using isolated mitochondria from heart, kidney and liver. Six of 13 patient sera tested inhibited the adenine nucleotide transport from liver mitochondria, however, none of the sera inhibited the transport from heart or kidney mitochondria again indicating the organ specificity of the antigen and the autoantibodies. PMID- 6210170 TI - The noninvasive biochemical diagnosis of gastrointestinal disease, with special reference to children. AB - Invasive tests to diagnose patients with gastrointestinal disease are rapidly being replaced by procedures which enable organ function to be assessed by monitoring the product of a metabolic reaction in readily available materials such as breath, blood, and urine. Examples of these approaches that will be assessed in this review include the hydrogen breath test for lactase deficiency, radioactive carbon dioxide breath measurements to test for fat digestion and absorption, and tests of pancreatic function based upon synthetic substrates from which fluorescein or para-aminobenzoic acid can be liberated by pancreas-specific enzymes. Significant advances have been made in improving the organ sensitivity of enzyme determinations. The determination of amylase isoenzymes has been less useful than the measurement of immunoreactive trypsin; this latter enzyme is greatly elevated in the blood of neonates with cystic fibrosis, whereas serum levels are greatly depressed in cystic fibrosis patients with pancreatic insufficiency as well as in most patients with steatorrhea due to chronic pancreatitis. Many of these tests are now becoming standard procedures in the investigation of infants with gastrointestinal disease. PMID- 6210171 TI - The carcinoid syndrome: neuroendocrine and chemical considerations. AB - The carcinoid syndrome is characterized by a complex of neuroendocrine and chemical abnormalities whose cause is not known. Carcinoids vary in their tendency to produce the carcinoid syndrome, although ileal tumors and those that have metastasized are more frequently associated with manifestations of the syndrome. The unifying concept of a neural crest origin for these and related neoplasms provides a basis for understanding the hormonal and chemical features of this disease. The extent of the various hormonal changes is only now becoming apparent and will undoubtedly expand as investigation continues in this area. PMID- 6210172 TI - Receptor measurements. AB - Estrogen and progesterone receptor assays supply information that aids the physician in making informed judgments as to which patients are likely to respond to endocrine therapy. From the clinical laboratory viewpoint, the current receptor assays have been a success, but much remains to be done. Sensitivity, turnaround time, and cost will be greatly improved by new developments in the area of steroid receptor analysis, especially with the use of HPLC, IRA, and of monoclonal antibodies. The use of nuclear thyroid receptors has yet to be fully exploited, but this undoubtedly will happen. Although a wide variety of both bioassays and binding assays have been used to confirm Graves' disease, it appears that the use of radioreceptor and ELISA assays for thyrotropin receptor antibody will become more popular. PMID- 6210174 TI - Effects of thyroxine and 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine in brown adipose tissue of rats. AB - Rats of both sexes were either cold acclimated (6 +/- 1 degree C) or treated with thyroxine (T4) or 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3) (500 micrograms/kg body wt daily s.c. for 3 weeks). Wet weight, total proteins, lipids and nucleic acids in the interscapular brown adipose tissue (IBAT) were measured. Values obtained with T4 treatment were similar to those obtained with T3 treatment. T3 is the main thyroidal hormone in the rat and it is formed from T4 deiodination in liver and kidney. As T4-treated rats have not received T3 directly and its IBAT has a similar composition to that of T3-treated rats, it is concluded that peripheral T4 deiodination is governed by the plasma T4 levels. Total proteins and DNA content were similar in cold-acclimated and T3- or T4-treated rats, which is interpreted as thyroidal hormones having an action at these levels. PMID- 6210175 TI - Conditional discrimination with conceptual simultaneous and successive cues in the squirrel monkey (Saimiri sciureus). AB - At the end of several stages of training, 4 squirrel monkeys met an 87% criterion for choosing correctly between exemplars of the concept "sameness" and the concept "difference," the simultaneous cues, as a function of having been cued by an exemplar either of the concept "triangularity" (cued sameness) or "heptagonality" (cued difference), the successive cues, which were presented in random order. In addition, the best monkey met criterion when the exemplars of sameness and difference were presented 16 s after the withdrawal of the exemplar of triangularity or heptagonality, and the other monkeys performed successfully with shorter delays. The results are discussed in terms of (a) "working memory," (b) the significance for the evolution of behavior of investigating the conceptual capacities of animals, and (c) implications for language in nonhuman animals. PMID- 6210176 TI - Hexokinase isoenzymes: antigenic cross-reactivities and amino acid compositional relatedness. AB - Previously undetected antigenic cross-reactivities have been demonstrated between yeast and rat hexokinase isoenzymes using an enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay. The levels of structural homology between the isoenzymes have been assessed in terms of their relative antigenic cross-reactivities and their amino acid compositional relatedness. The three major rat hexokinases appear, despite their differing molecular sizes, to have a close evolutionary background and to share a common but distant ancestry with yeast and wheat-germ forms. PMID- 6210177 TI - Effects of fasting on mucus glycoprotein in rat stomach. AB - Quantitative changes and chemical composition of gastric mucus glycoproteins in rats after fasting for 24 and 72 hr were studied. The amount of glycoproteins increased in the corpus mucosa during these periods (220% in control for 72 hr), but remained the same in the antrum. The acidity of corpus glycoproteins decreased during the fasting. PMID- 6210178 TI - Recent advances in glycosylated hemoglobin measurements. AB - Glycosylated hemoglobins have gained wide acceptance as an accurate index of long term blood glucose control in diabetes mellitus. A variety of glycosylated hemoglobin assays is available. There is a high degree of correlation between results determined by these assays. The ideal laboratory method for measuring glycosylated hemoglobin in the diabetic should be accurate, precise, easily standardized, inexpensive, and rapidly performed. Unfortunately, none of the currently used methods meet all of the criteria necessary to be considered the ideal laboratory method. The most widely used methods for quantitating glycosylated hemoglobins--including ion exchange chromatography, electrophoresis, isoelectric focusing, thiobarbituric acid colorimetry, and affinity chromatography--are reviewed with respect to the important advantages and disadvantages of each method for the clinical laboratory. Techniques for quantitating glycosylated proteins other than hemoglobins, such as albumin, are also discussed. PMID- 6210180 TI - Controlled clinical investigation of dimetophrine versus midodrine in the management of moderately decreased arterial blood pressure. AB - An open, controlled study was carried out in 30 in-patients with low arterial pressure syndrome to compare the effectiveness and tolerance of dimetophrine and midodrine in restoring blood pressure to normal levels and relieving symptoms. Patients were allocated at random to receive treatment for 15 days with either 100 mg dimetophrine tablets or 2.5 mg midodrine tablets and dosage was adjusted according to each patient's condition. Blood pressure and heart rate were monitored daily, symptoms were assessed every 8 days, and laboratory tests carried out before and after treatment. The results showed that both drugs significantly increased systolic and diastolic pressure to normal levels during the trial period and no patient failed to respond. Dimetophrine showed a significantly faster onset of action in increasing systolic pressure and levels reached a plateau significantly earlier than with midodrine. No significant differences were observed between the effects of the two drugs on diastolic pressure, although there was a smoother and more progressive increase in dimetophrine-treated patients. Neither drug significantly modified the heart rate. Both drugs were effective in relieving symptoms but, although there was no significant difference between treatments, patients on dimetophrine experienced somewhat faster and greater relief than those receiving midodrine. At the end of the treatment period, only 11% of dimetophrine-treated patients still complained of mild symptoms compared with 33% of those on midodrine. The mean daily dosage was 3.7 tablets of dimetophrine and 4.9 tablets of midodrine. Both drugs were well tolerated; no side-effects were reported and there were no abnormalities in the laboratory tests. PMID- 6210179 TI - Suppressor macromolecules. AB - An amazing number of nonspecific and specific suppressor molecules that dampen immune reactivity have been described in the past two decades. This review, however, focuses on both nonspecific and specific endogenous suppressor macromolecules and attempts to group them into biochemically and functionally similar compartments. For the nonspecific inhibitors these groupings include normal serum protein suppressors; suppressor macromolecules found in altered states such as infectious disease, cancer, pregnancy, and malnutrition; and immunosuppressants derived from various tissues including both nonlymphoid and lymphoid tissue. In addition, suppressor macromolecules that display some degree of specificity are also included. The groupings for these proteins include those that are restricted in their response to a certain class of immunoglobulin antibody response, those that are restricted with respect to their actions by the major histocompatibility complex and those that are restricted with respect to antigen. Finally, this review attempts to rationalize the potential advantages and raison d'etre for conserving the plethora of both nonspecific and specific factors and speculates on their potential value in immune responses. PMID- 6210181 TI - Antitubulin immunofluorescence studies of spermatogenesis in the mouse. AB - Immunofluorescence staining techniques, using antibodies against tubulin molecules, have been successfully used with somatic tissue culture cells. Their application to gametogenesis, however, has been more difficult, largely due to the presence of many different cell types in such a preparation. We have circumvented this problem by counterstaining with dilute hematoxylin, a biological stain that shows excellent cellular morphology without affecting the fluorescence of the antibody. We can then photograph the same field, using either ultraviolet light or conventional bright-field microscopy. Using this approach, we have examined the entire progression of murine spermatogenesis, from spermatogonial cells through mature spermatozoa. This technique has been especially valuable in the visualization of the manchette, and has allowed a reassessment of the staging of spermatid development. In the future, the antibody/hematoxylin double-staining approach will allow a more informative examination of the effects of tubulin-active mitotic poisons on mammalian germline cells. PMID- 6210182 TI - [Observation on the effect of cyclocytidine in herpes zoster of the eye]. PMID- 6210183 TI - Interaction of small nuclear ribonucleoproteins with simian virus 40 in CV-1 cells: is U2 snRNA involved in regulating replication? AB - The small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs) in African Green Monkey kidney cells (CV-1 cells) were examined by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Methodology was developed to improve their extraction from enriched fractions. Cellular fractionation studies and subsequent analysis of these RNAs indicate that they are tightly associated with chromatin. Treatment of cells with alpha-amanitin totally suppressed transcription of U1, U2, U4, U5, and partially suppressed transcription of U6, suggesting that these snRNAs are transcribed by RNA polymerase II. Upon infection of the cells by simian virus 40 (SV40), overall transcription of these and other cellular RNAs was stimulated. Gel filtration and formaldehyde crosslinking studies indicated that the ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs) containing snRNAs are associated with the viral minichromosome. Nucleotide sequence comparisons show extensive sequence complementarity between the 5' end of U2 RNA, the replication origin of SV40, and a prokaryotic RNA (RNA I) that is involved in control of plasmid replication. The clustered homologies between these RNAs and the association of snRNAs with the SV40 chromosome suggest that snRNAs may be evolutionarily related to small RNAs from plasmids and are consistent with an hypothesis that U2 RNA may be involved in DNA replication. PMID- 6210184 TI - Analysis of biological sequences on small computers. AB - We review a wide range of programs for micro- and minicomputers that facilitate the collection and analysis of DNA, RNA, or protein sequences. Special-purpose programs that perform a single function and general-purpose programs that perform a set of functions are both considered. The information presented should be useful to any biologist who wishes to obtain a computer program to aid in sequence investigations. PMID- 6210185 TI - [Pathogenesis of prostatic carcinoma. II. The relation between precancerous lesions and carcinoma of the prostate]. PMID- 6210186 TI - Effects of acute cannabis use on urinary neurotransmitter metabolites and cyclic nucleotides in man. AB - The noradrenaline, dopamine and serotonin metabolites methoxyhydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG), homovanillic acid (HVA), and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), as well as the cyclic nucleotides c-AMP and c-GMP were estimated in urine samples of five normal volunteers. Ten control samples and two samples after cannabis use were analyzed for each volunteer. Cannabis use caused significant decreases in MHPG and c-AMP, and increases in HVA, while 5-HIAA and c-GMP excretion remained unchanged. The results indicate that cannabis use interferes with catecholaminergic mechanisms in man, decreasing the noradrenaline and increasing dopamine turnover, probably through action on presynaptic receptors. PMID- 6210187 TI - Quantitative distribution of locally applied lindane in human skin and subcutaneous fat in vitro. Dependence of penetration on the applied concentration, skin state, duration of action and nature and time of washing. AB - Commercial concentrations of radiolabelled lindane emulsion were applied to human skin specimens. Penetration of the substance into the different layers of the skin was examined quantitatively under the common conditions of therapy, but with variation of the period of action (3, 10 and 24 h), condition of skin specimens (intact, stripped), concentration of the emulsion applied (0.3 and 1%) and washing with water only or water and soap after different periods of action (3 and 10 h) and examination at different times after the washing procedure (7 and 14 h). The flux of lindane in the skin was found to be time-dependent. Generally, the concentration increased with the depth of the layer. An increased availability of lindane (in absence of the stratum corneum, and at long application period) resulted in a preferential accumulation in the epidermis and not in the subcutaneous fat. When the intact skin had been washed with soap and water 3 h after application, the concentration of lindane found in the layer below the stratum corneum 7 h later was higher than the one found when the skin had not been washed. When intact skin had been washed after a short penetration period (3 h), this resulted in an introduction of lindane by the washing process. This effect did not occur with stripped skin. Lindane could be more efficiently removed from the stratum corneum with soap and water than with water alone. A threefold increase of the lindane concentration applied resulted in a threefold increase of the concentration in all layers of intact skin specimens. In stripped skin specimens, an increase could be observed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6210188 TI - [The tumor-associated antigen CA 19-9 in the differential diagnosis and course control of malignancies of the pancreas and the gastrointestinal tract]. PMID- 6210189 TI - Aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase induction in rat pulmonary alveolar macrophages (PAMs) by diesel particulates and their extracts. AB - The Aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) activity in the lavaged PAMs was investigated in male Fischer rats after inhalation of diluted diesel exhaust (DE), and compared with intratracheal instillation of the organic solvent extract of hydrocarbons adsorbed on the particulate surface. Animals were exposed to concentrations of 1500 micrograms/m3 or 6000 micrograms/m3 of diesel particulates, 20 hrs/day, 7 days/wk for 2 days up to 28 days, or treated with a single intratracheal dose of DE extract or benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) dissolved in gelatin-saline solution. The counts of lavageable PAM and polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) were significantly elevated in the exposed rats. However, a decrease of AHH activity was found in the PAM cells after four weeks of exposure to both particulate concentrations. The AHH activity in the PAMs from rats injected intratracheally with 5 mg/kg of B[a]P was slightly increased; no change was observed in PAMs similarly treated with DE extract. Enzyme induction is not noted because of absence of sufficient quantities of hydrocarbons need for induction. This could be further potentiated that macrophages metabolize and perhaps reduce hydrocarbon levels by translocation. PMID- 6210190 TI - [Whipple disease: clinical and immunohistologic findings in 2 cases]. AB - Two cases with typical clinical and histological manifestations of Whipple's disease were reported. Peroral jejunal biopsies were studied in the florid stage and during remission achieved by tetracycline therapy. A complete absence of immunoglobulin-containing cells (Ig-CC) and an increased number of mast cells in the mucosa were established in one of the cases. A 5-fold decrease of the mucosal Ig-CC was found by immunofluorescent morphometry in the second case. An increased Ig-CC number and histological restitution of the mucosa were shown in the first case during remission, whereas histological alterations and decreased Ig-CC number persisted in the second case despite of clinical improvement. The HLA locus B27 was not available in the reported cases. PMID- 6210191 TI - [Effect of intravascular pressure changes on the induction of bone neoplasms in rats]. AB - The development of bone tumours induced by 3,4-benzpyrene in rats with arterial hypotension and venous congestion was studied. Six months after, osteogenous sarcomas were detected in 36% of animals with normal pressure, in 10%--with arterial hypotension and in 58%--with venous congestion. The differences in the antitumor tissue resistance under chemical blastomogenesis, as well as in cases of transplanted tumours, are supposed to depend on the character of compensatory rearrangements in the microcirculatory bed in response to the intravascular pressure change. PMID- 6210193 TI - Drug resistant malaria. PMID- 6210192 TI - [Induction of baboon herpes virus antigens in producing lymphoblastoid cells]. AB - Treatment of lymphoid 594S/F9 cells with 12-o-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), cycloheximide (CH) has no effect on cell proliferation. A reversible blocking of the cellular DNA and RNA synthesis is observed. Repeated treatment with TPA, iododeoxyuridine (IDU) or sodium butyrate (SB) causes more pronounced changes in cell metabolism, which sharply decreases the salt sensitive DNA polymerase activity. Simultaneously the activity of the virus-induced ammonium sulphate resistant DNA polymerase increases. The combined effect of TPA and CH stimulates the synthesis of viral antigens in certain latently infected cells. The number of productively infected cells remains approximately at the same level for 96 h. IDU has a highest effect on viral antigens expression at repeated induction. PMID- 6210194 TI - Quantum pharmacology. PMID- 6210195 TI - Viral satellites: parasitic nucleic acids capable of modulating disease expression. PMID- 6210196 TI - Pulmonary immune effector cells: II. Antigen-specific blastogenic responsiveness of lymphocyte populations during pulmonary immune complex disease in guinea pigs. AB - A guinea pig pulmonary immune complex disease was used to evaluate local antigen (ovalbumin)-specific lymphoproliferative responses in lung tissue, bronchoalveolar spaces, and hilar lymph nodes (HLN) at various time intervals after challenge. The responses of lung tissue and bronchoalveolar lymphocytes appear to be mediated by T cells, whereas the response of HLN lymphocytes was mediated by B and/or T cells, depending on the stage of the disease. The blastogenic response of HLN lymphocytes to concanavalin A was much greater than that observed in lung tissue or bronchoalveolar lymphocyte preparations, even after the removal of adherent cells, suggesting a possible inherent difference between these cell populations in their response to mitogen. This study demonstrates that lung tissue, bronchoalveolar, and HLN lymphocytes are not only capable of responding blastogenically to specific antigen, but that this responsiveness varies throughout the course of the disease. The lymphoproliferative responses and concurrent changes in the proportion of pulmonary immune effector cells are discussed in relation to cellular immunoregulation during the in vivo progression of this pulmonary immune complex disease. PMID- 6210197 TI - Characterization and developmental expression of beta tubulin genes in Drosophila melanogaster. AB - Genomic clones containing beta tubulin sequences were isolated from a lambda library of Drosophila melanogaster. In situ hybridization localized three genes to 56D and 60B on chromosome 2 as well as to 85D on chromosome 3. The latter was known through genetic analysis to be specifically expressed during spermatogenesis. The genomic clone, pTu85, derived from this region contains one complete beta tubulin coding region as well as the 3' end of an additional so far unidentified beta tubulin gene. Genomic Southern hybridizations reveal a total of five fragments with beta tubulin homology. Clone pTu56 codes for an RNA of 1.8 kb which is expressed in all developmental stages. Clone pTu60 codes for a 2.5-kb RNA expressed during embryogenesis and pupation. In testes RNA we detected a 2.2 kb message homologous to pTu85. PMID- 6210198 TI - A molecular study of a family with Greek hereditary persistence of fetal hemoglobin and beta-thalassemia. AB - A family was studied in which two inherited defects of the non-alpha-globin cluster segregate: Greek hereditary persistence of fetal hemoglobin (HPFH) and beta-thalassemia. Fragments of the non-alpha-globin cluster from two patients were cloned in cosmid and phage lambda vectors, and assigned to either the HPFH or beta-thalassemic chromosome on the basis of the demonstration of a polymorphic BglII site in the HPFH gamma-globin cluster. The thalassemic beta-globin gene carries a mutation at nucleotide 1 of the intervening sequence I, known to cause beta zero-thalassemia; the beta-globin gene from the HPFH chromosome is entirely normal, both in the intron-exon sequence and in 5' flanking regions required for transcription. As the compound HPFH/beta-thalassemia heterozygote synthesizes HbA, these data prove that the HPFH beta-globin gene is functional, although at a decreased rate; its lower activity is likely to be due to a distant mutation. The HPFH A gamma-globin gene shows only two mutations: a T----C substitution in the large intervening sequence (responsible for the BglII polymorphic site) and a C-- -T substitution 196 nucleotides 5' to the cap site; the 5' flanking sequence is normal up to -1350 nucleotides upstream from the gene. Circumstantial evidence suggests that the mutation at -196 may be responsible for the abnormally high expression of the A gamma-globin gene. PMID- 6210199 TI - Tissue polypeptide antigen (TPA) is related to the non-epidermal keratins 8, 18 and 19 typical of simple and non-squamous epithelia: re-evaluation of a human tumor marker. AB - Because of the broad clinical interest which tissue polypeptide antigen (TPA) has attracted as a tumor marker, human cell lines and human tissues have been analyzed for TPA expression using immunofluorescence microscopy. Epithelial cell lines including HeLa, MCF-7, and A-431 are recognized by TPA antibodies whereas human lines of non-epithelial origin are not. The positive staining patterns coincide with keratin-type intermediate filaments of the cytoskeleton. On tissue sections a subset of epithelial cells including uterine epithelium, bile duct cells in liver and tumor cells in breast carcinoma are strongly positive; cells of the squamous epithelia of skin and tongue as well as cells of non-epithelial origin are negative. In immunoblots of human epidermis, human tongue mucosa, human hair follicles, Detroit 562 cells, HeLa cells, MCF-7 and RT-4 cells, only keratins 8, 18 and 19 show TPA antigenicity. Conversely a TPA preparation is recognized by various antibodies known to react with keratins, including alpha IFA, KG 8.13.2 and two antibodies which recognize keratins 18 (CK2) and 19, respectively. Our results thus relate TPA to human keratins 8, 18 and 19 which are known cytoskeletal components in both normal and malignant epithelial cells of simple and non-squamous origin. We speculate that the elevated levels of circulating TPA antigenicity present in the sera of patients with carcinoma, which are often used to monitor tumor progression, correspond to soluble proteolytic fragments originating from this particular keratin subgroup. PMID- 6210200 TI - Extensive cross-linking of calf brain plain synaptic vesicle proteins. AB - Calf brain plain synaptic vesicle proteins have been cross-linked with bis[2 (succinimidooxycarbonyloxy)ethyl] sulfone, a homobifunctional, cleavable reagent, as well as with N-hydroxysuccinimidyl 4-azidobenzoate, a photosensitive, heterobifunctional reagent. These results demonstrate the generality of a recent report that synaptic vesicle proteins can be cross-linked, in contrast to a prior report that no cross-linking could be observed. The reagents gave some differences in the proteins that were preferentially cross-linked. A protein at Mr = 173 000, which comigrates with clathrin, is present in the plain synaptic vesicle fraction and appears to be involved in cross-linking. A high degree of association and structural organization of synaptic vesicle proteins is suspected, since extensive cross-linking of most synaptic vesicle proteins with high-molecular-mass proteins, which are probably structural in nature, is observed. A protein with an Mr of 249 000 is specifically cross-linked to a protein of Mr 42 000, probably actin, suggesting that the 249 000-Mr protein may be a spectrin-like molecule. The present results suggest that synaptic vesicles may be organized by a spectrin-like matrix similar to that observed in erythrocytes and other cells. PMID- 6210201 TI - Kinetic evidence for redistribution of actinomycin molecules between potential DNA-binding sites. AB - The kinetics of interaction between actinomycin D and DNA have been measured by stopped-flow and detergent-dissociation methods. The results are consistent with a model in which the antibiotic initially binds to many sequences on the heterogeneous DNA lattice and subsequently 'shuffles' between the available sites until a thermodynamically determined optimal state of binding is attained. The amplitudes of the two slowest components in the reaction with calf thymus DNA do not vary in parallel as the total level of antibiotic binding is increased; they appear to reflect directly the redistribution of antibiotic molecules along the DNA lattice. The dissociation profile is shown to depend upon the time for which the antibiotic and DNA are premixed, so that for short mixing times a higher proportion of the decay is represented by faster-dissociating species. The rate of appearance of the slowest-dissociating species correlates well with the slowest optical change in the association reaction. Stopped-flow experiments indicate that the antibiotic first binds to sites on natural DNA with an average association constant of 4 X 10(3) M-1 and that it subsequently migrates to sites with higher affinity. Similar experiments performed with poly(dG-dC) are less easily interpreted and seem to indicate that conformational changes or cooperative effects can also occur. PMID- 6210202 TI - Effect of amino acid metabolites on lysosomal protein degradation. A regulatory role for kynurenine? AB - Possible derivatives of the amino acids tryptophan, tyrosine and histidine were examined as to their effect on protein metabolism in isolated rat hepatocytes. One of the substances tested, kynurenine (a main product of the catabolism of tryptophan), might be a physiological regulator of the lysosomal degradation of endogenous protein, because of the following. (a) Kynurenine decreased the lysosomal (i.e. methylamine-sensitive) pathway of degradation to a much greater extent than its parent amino acid, without interfering with the non-lysosomal pathway. (b) Kynurenine did not appreciably reduce the (lysosomal) degradation of the endocytosed protein asialo-fetuin, or the rate of protein synthesis, indicating a specificity of action. (c) Electron micrographs revealed a reduction in secondary lysosomes due to kynurenine. PMID- 6210204 TI - A substance P antagonist not containing D-tryptophan. PMID- 6210203 TI - Studies on the mechanism of action of the vasoconstrictive dihydropyridine, CGP 28392. AB - The effects of the vasoconstrictive dihydropyridine, CGP 29392, upon tension development and 45Ca2+ uptake by vascular smooth muscle were studied using isolated rabbit aorta. CGP 28392 did not elicit contractile responses when administered alone but lowered the threshold for the contractile response to elevated extracellular K+. CGP 28392 also increased the magnitude of the contractions elicited by submaximal concentrations of K+. This effect was competitively antagonized by PY 108-068, a Ca antagonist of the dihydropyridine class. Similarly, the relaxing effects of PY 108-068 upon KCl-constricted rabbit aorta were competitively antagonized by CGP 28392. The calcium content of unstimulated tissues was only minimally increased by CGP 28392 but the 45Ca2+ uptake stimulated by depolarizing levels of K+ was markedly augmented by this agent. Further analysis of the data indicated that CGP 28392 did not alter the relationship between tension development and 45Ca2+ uptake. In contrast, CGP 28392 was much less effective in augmenting the contractile response and 45Ca2+ uptake elicited by noradrenaline. These results thus support the hypothesis that CGP 28392 predominantly facilitates Ca2+ entry through potential-operated Ca2+ channels. PMID- 6210205 TI - Serological identification and separation of canine lymphocyte subpopulations. AB - In vitro treatment of bone marrow grafts with absorbed rabbit-antidog thymocyte globulin (ATG) prevented graft-versus-host disease in a substantial number of the dogs differing by one DLA haplotype. Absorbed ATG has now been used for serological identification of canine lymphocyte populations. Specific labeling of canine T-lymphocytes by absorbed ATG could be demonstrated by (a) a distribution of ATG-positive cells in suspensions of canine lymphoid organs similar to that of T cells observed in other species and by specific staining of paracortical thymus dependent lymph node areas in immunohistochemistry, (b) complementary labeling of nylon-wool-separated cells by ATG and antiimmunoglobulin sera, and (c) correlation of ATG surface labeling with responder activities in mixed lymphocyte cultures. PMID- 6210206 TI - Complement-dependent cytotoxicity in the analysis of antigenic determinants on human hematopoietic progenitor cells with HLA-DR as a model. AB - Complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) assays using anti-Ia antisera have resulted in controversial conclusions about the expression of HLA-DR determinants on human hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPC). The expression of these antigens on CFU-E in particular could often not be demonstrated. Since this is contradictory to our own results, we decided to study the influence of both the antibody and complement concentrations in CDC assays using murine monoclonal and polyclonal anti-Ia (HLA-DR "backbone") antibodies and human anti-HLA-DR typing sera. We found that with use of the same anti-Ia antibody concentrations, elimination of CFU-E required significantly more complement than CFU-GM and BFU E. In CDC assays with antipolymorphic HLA-DR antisera, complete kill of both CFU E and BFU-E required significantly more complement than of CFU-GM. Insufficient complement concentration could be partly overcome by increasing the antibody concentration. Intrinsic insensitivity of CFU-E to low concentrations of complement could be excluded by experiments using monoclonal anti-HLA-A/B/C "backbone" antibodies. Furthermore, FACS experiments demonstrated that the density of HLA-DR determinants on CFU-E is lower than on BFU-E and CFU-GM. These data show that in CDC assays, antigens with low expression on HPC can easily be overlooked. PMID- 6210207 TI - Prostaglandin-E-mediated modulation of human marrow CFU-GM Ia-antigen expression: kinetics and specificity. AB - In suspension culture, human granulocyte-macrophage colony-forming cells CFU-GM lose the ability to express Ia antigen within 3-6 h and coincidently become insensitive to inhibition by prostaglandin E (PGE) and acidic isoferritins (AIF). However, when cultured in the presence of PGE, Ia+ CFU-GM sensitive to inhibition by these regulatory factors can be detected after 24 h. Kinetic analysis indicates that the effects of PGE on CFU-GM Ia-antigen expression and growth response detected after 24 h in culture are (a) initiated within the first 3 h in suspension phase, (b) are essentially irreversible under the culture conditions employed, and (c) persist for up to seven days provided PGE is added at culture initiation. The demonstrated capacity of PGE to modulate day-7 CFU-GM Ia antigen and consequently responsiveness to inhibition extends also to day 14 CFU-GM. The effects of PGE on progenitor cell Ia-antigen expression appear specific for prostaglandins of the E series (PGE1, PGE2) and do not appear to be mediated via cyclic AMP. These studies provide additional evidence for a direct regulatory association between Ia antigens and control of hemopoietic cell proliferation, and support and further define a new role for PGE in the positive regulation of myeloid cell differentiation. PMID- 6210208 TI - Utilization of image analysis for the quantification of vascular responses in the chick chorioallantoic membrane. AB - An attempt has been made to quantify the vascular response in the CAM by using the method of automatic image analysis. In order to obtain a measure for the divergence of preparations with radial capillary growth from unchanged CAM preparations the lengths of radially arranged capillaries were measured, the relative frequency computed and compared with that of radially arranged capillary pieces in normal CAM preparations. The areal difference between both histograms is used as a measure for the grade of neovascularization Investigations performed to test the reproducibility and reliability of this measuring method have given a measuring accuracy of about +/- 20%; this value is comparable with that found by the method of radial vessel counting. The mean values of samples each consisting of 10 preparations obtained by the method of vessel counting and by the automatic measurement correlate quite well (r = 0.97). Angiogenic responses of different grades were produced in the CAM by dropping calf plasma on the CAM surface in amounts between 1 and 10 microliter. Although the individual values in the single groups vary within a wide range, a dose-response-relationship could be established both by the automatic measurement and by the method of radial vessel counting. Further improvements of the measuring procedure and a shortening of the measuring time from 5-10 min to 1 min or less could make this automatic method very suitable for the quantification of vascular responses in larger experimental series. PMID- 6210210 TI - Intracerebroventricular injection of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from a patient with congenital indifference to pain induces analgesia in rats. AB - CSF from a patient with congenital indifference to pain was found to produce analgesia in the rat following intracerebroventricular injections. The analgesic effect was attenuated by pretreatment with naloxone suggesting the involvement of hyperactive endogenous opiate mechanisms in this patient. PMID- 6210209 TI - Resistance of Plasmodium falciparum. PMID- 6210211 TI - 5'-Methyl-cytosine in the macronuclear DNA of Blepharisma japonicum. AB - Brief report on the presence of 5'-methyl-cytosine as a minor base (0.56%) in the macronuclear DNA of the ciliate protozoan Blepharisma japonicum. The evidence comes from electrophoresis of macronuclear DNA digested by appropriate restriction endonucleases and high-performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 6210212 TI - Australian goats detoxify the goitrogen 3-hydroxy-4(1H) pyridone (DHP) after rumen infusion from an Indonesian goat. AB - The failure of Australian goats fed Leucaena leucocephala (leucaena) to degrade 3 hydroxy-4(1H) pyridone (DHP), the goitrogenic metabolite of mimosine, was overcome when they were infused with rumen fluid from an Indonesian goat. The leucaena toxicity problem in Australia may well be solved by transfer of specific bacteria capable of degrading DHP anaerobically. PMID- 6210213 TI - Antibodies against preselected peptides to map functional sites on the acetylcholine receptor. AB - Rabbit immune sera and mouse monoclonal antibodies were raised against the synthetic peptide Tyr-Cys-Glu-Ile-Ile-Val matching in sequence residues 127-132 of the alpha-subunit of all nicotinic acetylcholine receptors sequenced so far. Representative cholinergic ligands did not interfere with the binding of these antibodies to the receptor from Torpedo marmorata, indicating that this sequence is not part of the binding sites for cholinergic ligands. The applicability of antigenic sites analysis to the mapping of functional sites on receptor proteins is discussed. PMID- 6210214 TI - Characterization of a factor inducing differentiation of mouse myeloid leukemic cells purified from conditioned medium of mouse Ehrlich ascites tumor cells. AB - A factor inducing differentiation of mouse myeloid leukemic cells (MI) into macrophages was purified to apparent homogeneity from 168 1 of CM of Ehrlich ascites tumor cells. The purified factor was half-maximally active at 2 X 10(-11) M. The factor was analyzed by radioiodination, SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and autoradiography. Its Mr was 40 000-50 000. On reduction, the factor lost activity, but showed no subunit structure. Treatment of the factor with endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase F, but not endo-beta-N acetylglucosaminidase H, gave rise to a molecule of Mr 20 000-28 000. The activity of the factor from Ehrlich cells was completely neutralized by antiserum to the factor of Mr 50 000-70 000 from mouse fibroblast L929 cells. PMID- 6210215 TI - Conformational state of circulating human plasma fibronectin. PMID- 6210216 TI - [Effect of the beta receptor blockader Visken on the weight of the parotid gland, salivary secretion rate and amylase activity in the rat]. PMID- 6210217 TI - [Role of vasopressin in regulating the volume and ionic composition of cerebrospinal fluid]. AB - In chronic experiments on dogs with cannulae implanted in the lateral cerebral ventricle and occipital cistern, the CSF volume and Na+, K+ concentrations were measured during osmoregulating reaction and pituitrin infusion in the lateral ventricle. Isoosmotic CSF volume decrease in both experimental groups indicates that water-salt regulation in the body and brain tissues is performed by means of common neuro-humoral mechanisms with vasopressin participation. PMID- 6210218 TI - Plasma beta-thromboglobulin concentration at rest and after physical exercise in complicated and uncomplicated diabetes mellitus. AB - Plasma beta-thromboglobulin concentration was measured in ten uncomplicated insulin-dependent diabetic subjects, in ten insulin-dependent patients with retinopathy and in ten age- and sex-matched healthy controls, both at rest and after cycloergometric exercise to exhaustion. Resting plasma beta-thromboglobulin was similar in the two patient groups and significantly higher than the control group. After exercising, plasma beta-thromboglobulin rose significantly only in the control group. Platelet hyperactivity is therefore present even in uncomplicated diabetes mellitus and is not influenced by the presence of complications. A chronic overstimulation of platelets could be responsible for the high basal plasma beta-thromboglobulin concentration in diabetes mellitus and for its abnormal behaviour after physical exercise. PMID- 6210219 TI - Urban Turkish children's performance on the Denver Developmental Screening Test. AB - Normative data for 1176 healthy, urban Turkish children were analysed for sex and social-class differences in performance of the Denver Developmental Screening Test (DDST). Sex differences were minor, and were similar to those found in other countries. Social-class differences, however, in contrast to findings in other DDST studies, were consistently in favour of the more advantaged children in all areas of functioning from about the age of 10 months. These differences became more marked with age, particularly in language and fine-motor skills. These findings indicate considerable cultural differences within urban Turkey and suggest that the use of only one set of norms may lead to misdiagnosis. Further, they question the predictive validity of this test for lower-class urban Turkish children, particularly for language and fine-motor tasks. PMID- 6210220 TI - Diagnostic value of serum ferritin in primary hepatocellular carcinoma. AB - The diagnostic value of serum ferritin levels was evaluated in 19 patients with biopsy-proven primary hepatocellular carcinoma (PHC) and 26 patients with chronic liver disease (CLD). Serum ferritin levels were significantly elevated in PHC, as compared with CLD and controls (p less than 0.0005). Similarly, serum ferritin/SGOT ratio, an index of increased ferritin production, was significantly higher in PHC than in CLD and controls. Serum alpha-fetoprotein (alpha-FP) was higher in PHC than in CLD (p less than 0.0025). No significant correlation was noted between serum ferritin and alpha-fetoprotein or SGOT in PHC and CLD. 17 of 19 patients with PHC had serum ferritin values over 450 ng/ml (sensitivity 88%). By contrast, only 10 of 17 patients with PHC (59%) demonstrated alpha-FP levels over 25 ng/ml, compatible with the diagnosis of PHC. 9 of these 10 patients had ferritin levels over 450 ng/ml, within the distribution of values for PHC. Conversely, 7 of 17 patients with PHC (40%) had normal levels of alpha-FP (false negative). However, 6 of these patients (86%) had ferritin levels over 450 ng/ml, consistent with values in PHC. In this study, the overall sensitivity of serum ferritin in PHC was higher than that of alpha-FP (88 versus 59%) and its specificity 85 versus 68% for alpha-FP. These data indicate that serum ferritin may be utilized as a useful diagnostic marker in the evaluation of patients with PHC. PMID- 6210221 TI - Trypsin-like immunoreactivity in human Paneth cells. AB - Human intestinal Paneth cells characterized by their content of lysozyme were shown to contain cationic trypsin immunoreactivity. This trypsin-like immunoreactivity was shown in the Paneth cells at their normal localization at the basis of the crypts of Lieberkuhn and also in Paneth cells of metaplastic areas in gastric mucosa. This original finding is a further indication of a resemblance between Paneth and acinar pancreatic cells. PMID- 6210222 TI - Palliative care: planning a regional system. PMID- 6210223 TI - Palliative care volunteers: new dimensions in patient care. PMID- 6210224 TI - Glucocorticoids stimulate the division of rat pancreatic islet tumour cells in tissue culture. AB - The effects of hormones on the growth of beta cells, obtained from an X-ray induced transplantable rat islet cell tumour, were studied in tissue culture. Cells were cultured in Dulbecco's modified medium containing 1% bovine serum albumin, which did not permit fibroblast outgrowth. Among a variety of different hormones tested, the most potent growth promoters were found to be the corticosteroids whose potency was related to their glucocorticoid activity. After 5 weeks in culture with prednisolone (270 nmol/l), all cells stained immunohistochemically for insulin, although the insulin content was decreased to 10% that of fresh cells. Growth hormone (10 micrograms/ml) stimulated DNA replication to a small extent in the presence or absence of glucocorticoids. Insulin secretion from freshly prepared tumour cells was not stimulated by glucose but was increased two- to threefold by leucine (20 mmol/l) plus theophylline (5 mmol/l). This pattern of stimulation was observed still in cells cultured for 4 weeks in prednisolone-supplemented medium. PMID- 6210225 TI - [Ventricular extrasystole of re-entry originating in the myocardium surrounding a parasystolic focus: a mechanism responsible for the irregularity of the interectopic intervals during parasystole]. AB - We have observed a case of ventricular parasystole in which the ectopic beats occurred often in couplets. The analysis of the interectopic intervals suggests that the first beat of the couplet is parasystolic in origin, whereas the second one is due to a re-entry which takes place in the myocardium surrounding the parasystolic focus. Moreover, our observations lead us to speculate that an occasional supraventricular beat could cause an exit block of the parasystolic focus through a concealed re-entry. PMID- 6210226 TI - Endoscopic therapy for esophageal carcinoma with Nd:YAG laser: prospective evaluation of efficacy, complications, and survival. AB - Eleven consecutive patients who underwent endoscopic Nd: YAG laser therapy for palliation of esophageal carcinoma were prospectively evaluated between July 1, 1982, and December 31, 1982. All patients with tumor recurrence after radiotherapy or surgery (eight patients) or whose medical condition precluded surgery or full-course radiotherapy (three patients) underwent treatment. Mean tumor length was 8.1 cm and most had almost complete luminal occlusion. Survival was compared with patients with esophageal cancer treated at our institution during the 3 years prior to initiation of laser therapy (1978-1981). Treatment was completed in a mean of 3.3 sessions (range, 2 to 6). Dysphagia improved in all and performance status improved in eight patients, some markedly. Five patients with tumor re-occlusion were retreated at a mean of 10 weeks after initial therapy. No concurrent dilations were employed. Compared with our institution's historical controls, laser-treated patients' survival was significantly increased, whether measured from time of onset of radiotherapy (36 vs. 17 weeks, p = 0.02) or from time of recurrent symptoms after radiotherapy (25 vs. 8 weeks, p less than 0.05). PMID- 6210227 TI - Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) (EC 3.1.1.7.). PMID- 6210228 TI - Activation of Ca channels in heart muscle by a new dihydropyridine derivative. PMID- 6210229 TI - In vivo transcription initiation and termination sites of an alpha-amylase gene from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens cloned in Bacillus subtilis. AB - The alpha-amylase gene, originally isolated by molecular cloning from chromosomal DNA of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, is efficiently expressed from its own promoter in a Bacillus subtilis host when present in the multicopy plasmid vector pUB110. The flanking regions of this gene were sequenced and the ends of the in vivo generated messenger RNA were mapped by the S1 procedure. Outside the coding sequence, the mRNA for alpha-amylase contains about 30 nucleotides at the 5' end and 51 nucleotides at the 3' end. The promoter region has -10 sequence TAAAAT starting eleven nucleotides upstream from the transcription start point, pppU, and the -35 hexanucleotide TTGTTA is separated from it by 16 nucleotides. As indicated by its sequence, the terminator is bidirectional and of the rho independent kind, and the mRNA can form a long hairpin structure at the very 3' end. The 3' terminus of the transcript does not seem to include a U stretch, although the DNA template codes for U3AU6 at the 3' end of the hairpin sequence. The bulk of the amylase mRNA does not contain any 3'-terminal poly(A). PMID- 6210230 TI - [Production of chorionic gonadotropin in cervico-uterine carcinoma]. PMID- 6210231 TI - [Radical correction of tetralogy of Fallot after a previously created Cooley Edwards anastomosis]. PMID- 6210232 TI - Selective penetration and pharmacological activity of lactosaminated albumin conjugates of adenine arabinoside 5-monophosphate (ara-AMP) in mouse liver. AB - With the aim of improving the chemotherapeutic index of adenine arabinoside 5 monophosphate (ara-AMP) in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B, this drug was conjugated with lactosaminated serum albumin (L-SA), a neoglycoprotein which only enters into hepatocytes where it is digested in lysosomes. In mice, the L-[3H]SA ara-AMP conjugates, intravenously injected, selectively penetrated the liver, only small quantities were taken up by cells of spleen, bone marrow, intestine, and brain. After administration of the conjugate to mice with Ectromelia virus hepatitis, ara-AMP was selectively concentrated in liver in a pharmacologically active form. If L-SA-ara-AMP conjugates behave in man as in mouse, their administration to patients with chronic hepatitis B should result in a selective concentration of ara-AMP in liver with a more efficient inhibition of virus replication accompanied by lower toxicity for other tissues. PMID- 6210233 TI - [Pharmacological studies of FUT-175, nafamstat mesilate. II. Effects on experimental acute pancreatitis]. AB - Effects of FUT-175, a novel synthetic protease-inhibiting agent, on various models of experimental acute pancreatitis were examined. FUT-175 infused i.v. at a dose range of 5-50 micrograms/kg/min inhibited the increase in plasma trypsin activity and reduced the mortality of rabbits in trypsin-induced acute pancreatitis in a dose-dependent manner. Increase in serum amylase activity and pancreatic tissue lesion were attenuated in rabbits. In addition, FUT-175 infused i.v. at a dose range of 1-50 micrograms/kg/min reduced the mortality of rats in experimental acute pancreatitis produced by trypsin and endotoxin. FUT-175 infused i.v. at a dose range of 1-100 micrograms/kg/min protected the dogs from the increase in plasma trypsin activity and hypotension and shock induced by trypsin, well-known characteristics of acute pancreatitis. These results suggest that FUT-175 is beneficial as a therapeutic agent of acute pancreatitis. PMID- 6210235 TI - Food-induced histamine release from gastric and duodenal mucosa. AB - Histamine release from the mucosa of the antrum, corpus and duodenum was induced in-vitro by wheat, egg, milk or fish. For this purpose 18 particles of mucosa were taken from each of 40 patients suffering from various diseases. Simultaneously, blood was drawn for the same procedure and skin tests were performed using the same solutions. A significant release of histamine was objectified in the majority of specimens. The greatest amounts were observed in mucosa of the corpus on incubation with wheat, and in patients with inflammatory diseases. There was, in contrast, no histamine release from blood. Skin tests were negative. Results point to a non-allergic phenomenon rather than an immediate-type hypersensitivity. PMID- 6210234 TI - Developmental toxicity and psychotoxicity of potassium iodide in rats: a case for the inclusion of behaviour in toxicological assessment. AB - Potassium iodide (KI) was fed to male and female rats before and during breeding, to females only during gestation and lactation, and to their offspring after weaning (day 21 after birth) through to day 90, at levels of 0, 0.025, 0.05 or 0.1% (w/w) of the diet. Dams in a fifth group (positive controls) were given 4 mg/kg ip of the anti-mitotic/cytotoxic drug 5-azacytidine on day 17 of gestation. All offspring were reared by their natural dams and were evaluated blind with respect to treatment in a battery of standardized behavioural tests between 3 and 90 days of age. KI produced no significant reductions in parental body weight or food consumption, though it significantly reduced litter size and increased offspring mortality at the highest dose, and decreased weight gain at the two highest doses throughout the first 90 days after birth. Functionally, KI delayed auditory startle at the two highest doses, delayed olfactory orientation to the home-cage scent at the middle dose and decreased female running-wheel activity at all dose levels. In rats killed on day 90 after birth KI reduced brain and body weight at a dose of 0.1% of the diet, and reduced body but not brain weight at a dose of 0.05% of the diet. No significant effect was found on absolute or relative thyroid weight at 90 days of age. Several additional behavioural effects were observed in the low-dose KI group, but because these effects were not dose dependent, they were not regarded as reliable. 5-Azacytidine produced evidence of substantially greater developmental toxicity than KI. It was concluded that KI produced evidence of developmental toxicity consistent with a picture of impaired thyroid function. The inclusion of tests of functional development added useful evidence to the overall picture of KI developmental toxicity. PMID- 6210236 TI - [A new HLA-B antigen: HLA-Bw 59]. AB - The HLA-B8 antigen is one of the well-defined and characteristic antigens associated with organ specific autoimmune diseases in Caucasians. In the Japanese, HLA-B8 positives have been assumed to be extremely rare. By using some HLA-B8 typing sera, a new HLA-B antigen, HLA-Bw4 positive, was found in the Japanese. This new HLA-B antigen, tentatively named HOK-1, showed a phenotype frequency of 3.7% and a gene frequency of 1.9 +/- 0.6%. The strong linkage disequilibrium was noted between HOK-1 and HLA-Cw1 genes. HOK-1 antigenic specificity was assigned as HLA-Bw 59 by the WHO nomenclature committee after the 8th International Histocompatibility Workshop. There were no significant associations of this antigen with following diseases: rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis vulgaris, myasthenia gravis, Behcet's disease and asthma, so far as, in the Japanese, compared with that the HLA-B8 antigen has a characteristic association with organ specific autoimmune diseases in Caucasian. PMID- 6210237 TI - Thyroid stimulating immunoglobulins in patients in long-term remission after Graves' disease. AB - Thyroid stimulating antibodies (TSAb) and thyrotropin binding inhibiting immunoglobulins (TBII) were measured in 32 patients with Graves' disease who had been in remission for at least two years after treatment was been stopped. Seventeen patients had been treated with antithyroid drugs, and 15 patients with 131Iodine. In the first group 3 of 17 patients had TSAb and one TBII, whereas in the second group 4 of 15 patients had TSAb and two TBII. One patient from each group had inhibiting TSAb. During the follow-up one patient from each group relapsed, whereas 5 patients from the second group developed myxoedema. No relationship between the clinical outcome and TSAb and TBII was found. PMID- 6210238 TI - Intercellular NOR-Ag variability in man. I. Technical improvements and marker acrocentric chromosomes. AB - A new modification of the Ag I technique has been developed using human cultured blood lymphocytes, which involves ultra-violet irradiation of chromosome preparations during incubation in AgNO3. This technique enables detection in a short incubation time all NORs capable of being stained with silver. A peculiar morphological change in Ag-stainable NORs during the incubation is described, which can be used as a criterion of the completion of Ag staining. With the refined Ag-staining procedure, acrocentric marker chromosomes were studied which showed one or two satellite stalks within the same individual. Ag staining was highly coincident with this variability. PMID- 6210239 TI - Hyalinosis cutis et mucosae in siblings. AB - Hyalinosis cutis et mucosae is a rare autosomal recessive disorder of unknown aetiology. Clinical features are hoarseness from early infancy and yellowish papules and plaques in mucous membranes and skin. Light and electron microscopy demonstrates accumulation of PAS-positive material around blood vessels and in the dermis. This substance probably derives from glycoproteins of basement membranes. Carbon dioxide laser surgery of thickened vocal cords proved to be effective for the treatment of hoarseness. PMID- 6210240 TI - Characterization of the antigen-specific T cell receptor from a pigeon cytochrome c-specific T cell hybrid. AB - The monoclonal antibody, A2B4-2, specifically bound to and inhibited antigen induced IL-2 release from the cloned pigeon cytochrome c-specific T cell hybrid, 2B4. The initial immunoprecipitation with these reagents demonstrated a protein of 85-90kd on non-reducing conditions, and two bands of 45-50 and 40-44 on reducing conditions. These data enabled us to conclude that this monoclonal antibody bound to the antigen receptor on the 2B4 cell. In this paper we have presented results that further define the receptor structure. The migration pattern of the protein on SDS-PAGE in the presence and absence of reducing agents was consistent with the interpretation that the receptor has intrachain disulfide bonds that create globular domains. Sequence data from the recently described cDNA clones that encode receptor genes confirm that there are cysteine residues in positions that could be involved in such disulfide bonding. Since both alpha and beta chains behave identically on the SDS-PAGE we predict that both chains have the same double domain structure. The antigen receptor has a heterodimeric structure. A relatively simple acidic alpha chain is bound to one of two forms of the beta chain. Some of the receptors have a beta chain equal in molecular weight to the alpha chain, while some of the beta chains (beta') are heavier and more acidic. The difference in beta chain forms appears to be due to different levels of glycosylation of this chain. The cDNA sequence data demonstrate that there are several possible carbohydrate addition sites on the protein encoded by this gene so it may be that 2B4 beta chains are present that are either completely or partially glycosylated at these sites. Finally, we have presented a preliminary experiment that indicates that a smaller 20-25kd molecule is associated with the antigen receptor. The well characterized T3 molecule appears to be in a complex with the clonotypic structure on human T cells. The crosslinking data that we present suggests that a similar molecule may be present in the murine system. PMID- 6210241 TI - The murine T cell antigen receptor and associated structures. AB - The immunochemical approach described in this review has led to the identification of a new component of the T cell surface, the disulfide-linked heterodimer, which has many of the properties expected of a molecule with antigen specific receptor activity: 1) Expression of the heterodimer is restricted to T cells. 2) The molecule expresses clonotypic epitopes presumably related to the specific antigen recognition site, as well as crossreactive epitopes associated with the molecular framework. 3) At the primary sequence level, the molecule has regions of constant as well as variable structure. The numerous observations from other laboratories that clonotypic antibodies which inhibit antigen-specific reactions are directed against similar disulfide-linked heterodimers provide compelling evidence that this structure is in fact the T cell antigen receptor. Two important conclusions can be drawn from the results of peptide analysis of the receptor subunits. First, the molecular fingerprints of the alpha and beta chains are very different, indicating that the subunits are encoded by different genes. Second, both subunits have constant and variable regions, suggesting that both subunits play a role in producing the antigen combining site. A crucial question that remains to be answered is whether the same or different combining sites are responsible for recognition of antigen and the MHC restricting element. The recent report by Marrack et al. (1983b) that the receptors of two independent T cell hybridomas with the same antigen and MHC specificities expressed the same clonotypic determinant and yielded identical peptide maps (Kappler et al. 1983) provides strong evidence that the heterodimer is responsible for both antigen and MHC recognition. If this is the case, it remains to be determined whether a single site contributed by both subunits recognizes antigen and MHC, or whether one subunit contributes a site for MHC recognition and the other a site for antigen recognition. If, however, as Parham (1984) has recently proposed, conserved rather than polymorphic regions of the MHC product are recognized in MHC restriction, it is possible that the heterodimer functions solely in recognition of antigen, and the restriction may be provided by accessory proteins in a receptor complex. Definitive conclusions as to the role of the individual chains will probably require construction of functional T cells using molecular clones of the genes encoding the receptor and accessory proteins. Recently, the molecular cloning of cDNA encoding putative T cell receptors has been reported from murine (Hedrick et al. 1984) and human (Yanagi et al. 1984) cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6210242 TI - What causes immunological nonresponsiveness? PMID- 6210243 TI - Differential serum amylase determination by the use of inhibitor: a comparison with Sephadex gel filtration method. PMID- 6210244 TI - [Lymphokine production in vitro by blood lymphocytes from patients with a defective or hyperactive immune system]. AB - Blood lymphocytes from 8 patients with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID), 5 patients with signs of polyclonal activation of the immune system (1 SLE, 3 AILAP, 1 NHL) and 6 patients with various granulomatous diseases were examined for their capacity to produce lymphokines in vitro. Lymphocytes from 16 healthy individuals served as controls. To induce interleukin-2 (IL-2) and gamma interferon (gamma-IFN) production lymphocytes were stimulated for 24 hrs with ConA or PHA or for 72 hrs with ConA + PMA + urea. alpha-IFN production was induced with Herpes simplex virus I (HSV) and the mycoplasma infected murine leukemia line L1210. Cell-free culture supernatants were harvested and IL-2 activity was determined by means of its growth promoting activity for a murine T cell line (M-2). IFN activities were measured in a conventional virus plaque reduction assay. Besides lymphokine production the isolated cells were also examined for lymphocyte markers, mitogen responsiveness and NK activity. As compared to the control group, CVID lymphocytes exhibited a slightly enhanced IFN production and a moderately reduced IL-2 production. Three day preincubation in FCS containing medium enhanced the IL-2 production of control and patient lymphocytes. By contrast, preincubation of lymphocytes in medium supplemented with autologous serum no longer enhanced IL-2 production of CVID lymphocytes whereas it still did so for control lymphocytes. A striking finding was the impairment of IL-2 and IFN production in cultures of lymphocytes from patients with a polyclonally activated immune system. Notably lymphocytes from the three patients with angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy (AILAP) failed to produce significant amounts of lymphokines. Patients with granulomatous diseases (3 Morbus Behcet, 1 tuberculosis, 2 chronic granulomatous diseases) showed little alterations of their lymphokine production capacity. The results are compared with other lymphocyte parameters and are discussed in view of recent reports in the literature on lymphokine production in various diseases. PMID- 6210245 TI - Comparison of the inhibitory activity of seven anti-T8 antibodies on specific cellular cytotoxicity. AB - To evaluate the functional significance of the T-cell membrane structure recognized by OKT8 or Leu2a, seven different monoclonal antibodies, reacting with different epitopes of this 76 KD big membrane structure, were evaluated for their ability to alter specific cell mediated lympholysis after a mixed leukocyte reaction. The stimulated effector cells were first incubated with a monoclonal antibody, washed and then tested for their cytotoxicity. Those antibodies, which react with a highly trypsin-sensitive region of the T8 glycoprotein, were the most effective inhibitors of the cytotoxicity (T811, FK18). Those antibodies, which react with a relative trypsin-resistant region (OKT8, Leu2a, WT82, WT85) or with a trypsin-sensitive epitope (WT81), which is in a close neighborhood to WT82 or WT85, appear to be able to block the cytotoxicity only in certain effector/target cell combinations. The data suggest that different regions of the T8 glycoprotein are involved in the specific cytotoxic reactions, and that the involvement of certain epitopes may depend on the effector/target cell combination. PMID- 6210247 TI - Cell proliferation and nucleic acid synthesis in cells treated with rifampin. PMID- 6210246 TI - A-T specific DNA ligands and hypotonic induced supercondensation of chromocentre in brain cells of Drosophila nasuta larvae in relation to their synthetic activities. PMID- 6210248 TI - Effect of pre- & post-weaning protein energy malnutrition on pancreatic amylase in rats. PMID- 6210249 TI - Effect of temperature on growth & survival of dermatophytes. PMID- 6210250 TI - Diagnostic efficacy of haemoglobin A2 in heterozygous beta thalassaemia. PMID- 6210251 TI - The distribution of R-plasmids in various O-antigen types of Escherichia coli from human sources. PMID- 6210252 TI - Antiviral chemotherapy. PMID- 6210253 TI - Detection of the tumour-associated antigens recognized by the monoclonal antibodies HMFG-1 and 2 in serum from patients with breast cancer. AB - The levels of the human milk fat globule 1 and 2 antigens have been measured in the sera of patients with advanced breast cancer, using a "sandwich" type radioimmune assay which exploits the carbohydrate nature of the antigenic determinants. In the series studied, 30% of sera from advanced breast cancer patients contained elevated levels of the HMFG-I antigen as compared with 6% of sera from healthy control women, whereas 53% of the advanced breast cancer patients showed elevated levels of HMFG-2 antigen compared with 16,6% of the controls. By means of the immune blotting technique, the components carrying the antigenic determinants in sera have been identified and compared for size with those molecules expressing the determinants in primary and secondary breast tumours. Both antibodies react with similar molecular weight components of 320kd and 280kd which are present in serum and tumour samples, although lower molecular weight bands of 230kd and 190kd can be seen in some tumours. These components are much smaller than the glycoprotein (greater than 400kd) present in the human milk fat globule, which carries the antigenic determinants recognized by HMFG-I and 2. PMID- 6210254 TI - Epitopes immunologically related to glycophorin A on human malignant and non malignant cells in culture. AB - Nine monoclonal antibodies specific to different antigenic determinants on the cyanogen bromide fragments CNBr3 (1-8) and CNBr1 (9-81) of glycophorin A, the major sialoglycoprotein of human red blood cells, were used for the detection of similar or cross-reactive epitope(s) on nucleated somatic cells. A panel of human malignant and non-malignant cells consisting of erythroleukemia, melanoma and carcinomas of breast, cervix, larynx, nasopharynx and colon, as well as human fibroblasts and mammary cells, were tested using a sensitive enzyme-linked immunoassay. The presence of glycophorin-like epitopes were demonstrated, in varying concentrations, on all cells tested. These epitropes were found to be localized on the cell membranes by indirect immunofluorescence. PMID- 6210255 TI - Preparation and characterization of antibodies to O-phosphotyrosine and their use for identification of phosphotyrosine-containing proteins. AB - To facilitate the identification of phosphotyrosine (P-tyr)-containing proteins, rabbit polyclonal antibodies and mouse monoclonal antibody specifically reactive to P-tyr were prepared by hyperimmunizing the animals with P-tyr-conjugated bovine serum albumin or poly-L-lysine. As determined by a solid-phase radioimmunoassay and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, the antibodies reacted with P-tyr-conjugated target antigens but not with those conjugated with phosphoserine (P-ser) or phosphothreonine (P-thr). This immune reaction was strongly blocked by 2 mM P-tyr and phenylphosphate but not by P-ser or P-thr. The antibodies were capable of isolating, as the major P-tyr-containing components, a 170kd protein (most likely the EGF receptor) from EGF-stimulated, 32P-labelled A431 cells, and 130kd and 60kd proteins from Rous sarcoma virus (RSV)-transformed chick cell lysate which had been labelled in vitro with gamma-32P-ATP. Immunofluorescent staining of RSV-transformed cells and A431 cells showed specific localization of P-tyr-containing proteins in the cytoplasm, plasma membrane, and nucleolus-like structures. The results demonstrated the usefulness of the antibodies for identification or isolation of P-tyr-containing proteins. PMID- 6210256 TI - Symbolic interaction theory: a perspective on drug abuse and its treatment. AB - Symbolic interaction theory is employed to explain the etiology of drug abuse and addiction. Selected interactionist concepts, which are especially pertinent to an understanding of drug abuse, are considered in relation to current drug abuse theory and the literature on the characteristics of drug abusers. The implications of this theoretical perspective for treatment are considered. PMID- 6210257 TI - Cyclic AMP levels and their regulation by prostaglandins in peritoneal macrophages of rats and humans. AB - Basal levels of cyclic AMP and their alterations following stimulation by prostaglandins have been examined in rat peritoneal macrophages and in such cells of humans with renal disease on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). Resident cells of rats contained more cyclic AMP than elicited macrophages, but the responsiveness to either PGE2 or DC-PGI2 (a stable synthetic analogue of PGI2) was higher with elicited than with resident cells. However, both kinds of peritoneal macrophages of rats were, in terms of cyclic AMP elevation, more sensitive to stimulation by PGE2 than by DC-PGI2. The CAPD macrophages of humans were elicited cells. The unstimulated levels of cyclic AMP in these human macrophages were much higher than those in elicited rat cells. Furthermore the human macrophages proved more sensitive to stimulation by DC-PGI2 than by PGE2. The reversed sensitivity, in comparison with rat cells, reflects the utterly poor effects of PGE2 in the human macrophages. The distinction in responsiveness to PGE2 and DC-PGI2 of the rat macrophages is compatible with the earlier reported distribution of and affinity to receptor binding sites of these PGs in the rat cells. The findings with the human macrophages suggest, however, that in these cells either the distribution of specific binding sites or the affinity of the two PGs to such sites might be substantially different from that of rats. PMID- 6210258 TI - An in vivo model for the experimental selection and pharmacological study of drugs able to modulate polyclonal activation of B lymphocytes. AB - Cellular and humoral parameters of the polyclonal stimulation of lymphocytes induced by a single injection of bacterial lipopolysaccharide were determined in 6-11 week-old C57B1/6 mice at various periods of time. The study of cellular parameters on day 5 in 8-10 week-old mice appears to be suitable to quantify the induced polyclonal stimulation. Cyclophosphamide was shown to inhibit it, particularly when the drug was given the day or one day after the injection of lipopolysaccharide, and a dose dependent effect was observed. This model may be useful for the selection, and the immunopharmacological study, of drugs able to modulate a polyclonal stimulation of B lymphocytes. PMID- 6210259 TI - The effect of a high-fat diet on brainstem and duodenal serotonin (5-HT) metabolism in Sprague-Dawley and Osborne-Mendel rats. AB - Sprague-Dawley (S-D) and Osborne-Mendel (O-M) rats were fed either a low-fat diet (5 percent corn oil) or high-fat diet (20 percent corn oil) for a six-week period. Brainstem and duodenal levels of tryptophan, serotonin (5 hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) and 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid (5-HIAA) were not altered by dietary treatment in the O-M rats. On the other hand, the high-fat diet significantly decreased brainstem 5-HT levels in S-D rats. Brainstem and duodenal 5-HT levels were decreased in O-M rats as compared to S-D rats and this phenomenon is not altered by dietary treatment. It is suggested that the O-M rat may have a alteration in the 5-HT metabolic system and that such a defect may contribute to the development of obesity. PMID- 6210260 TI - Treatment of the odontogenic keratocyst by combined enucleation and cryosurgery. AB - The treatment of an odontogenic keratocyst of the mandible with a combination of enucleation and cryosurgery has been presented with a 5-year follow-up without recurrence. This case is presented to stimulate interest in the technique and to add a useful option to enucleation alone and enucleation with chemical cauterization. As more cases with long-term follow-up are documented, it is hoped that cryosurgery as an adjunct to enucleation will prove to be a conservative and reliable method of lowering the recurrence rate associated with this lesion. PMID- 6210261 TI - Unthinkability and psychosomatic symptoms. AB - W. R. Bion (1952) has pointed out a connection between alterations in the development of the "apparatus for thinking thoughts" and psychosomatic symptoms. Many authors have used this insight, from their own points of view, as a basis for describing this deficiency in thought and in the capacity to formulate images related to the development of psychosomatic symptoms (Krystal & McDougall 1979; Segal, 1950, 1958). This paper applies this hypothesis to a clinical case in which special emphasis is given to the symbolic deficiency, its effect on transference-countertransference, and its relation to falsification, "hyposymbolization," and to a specific phenomenon that could be called "hypersymbolization," in which many meanings are embodied in the same symbol. PMID- 6210262 TI - Responses of human bone marrow progenitor cells to fluoro-ara-AMP, homoharringtonine, and elliptinium. AB - The cytotoxicity of the investigational anticancer drugs fluoro-ara-AMP, homoharringtonine, and elliptinium on normal human granulocyte-macrophage colony forming units in culture (GM-CFU) was investigated using a bilayer soft agar system. For each drug, the dose-dependent survival curve on a semilogarithmic plot formed a straight line. The D0 were: 0.51 microgram/ml (fluoro-ara-AMP), 0.004 microgram/ml (homoharringtonine) and 0.026 microgram/ml (elliptinium). The in vitro toxicity of drugs on bone marrow progenitor cells did not correlate with the relative myelosuppressive potency observed in vivo. PMID- 6210263 TI - Postextrasystolic potentiation during spontaneous ventricular ectopy in man. Associated left ventricular volume changes determined by list mode radionuclide ventriculography. AB - Five patients with spontaneously arising frequent ventricular ectopia were studied by list mode radionuclide ventriculography. Changes in left ventricular volumes reflected the increased inotropy of the postextrasystolic sinus beats: stroke volume increased by +36.0 +/- 32.8% (P less than 0.05) and end-systolic volumes decreasing by 13.6 +/- 7.3% (P less than 0.02) leading to an increased ejection fraction (+31.1 +/- 23.8%; P less than 0.05). There were no significant increases in end-diastolic volumes (+2.2 +/- 5.4%; P:NS). The reproducibility of the left ventricular volume estimates was confirmed by comparing the control sinus beats with the interrupted sinus beats. There were no significant changes in end-diastolic (+1.8 +/- 5.5%), end-systolic (+1.8 +/- 3.7%) and stroke volumes (+5.4 +/- 14.6%). List mode radionuclide ventriculography can be used to accurately monitor left ventricular volume changes associated with spontaneously arising ventricular ectopia. In these patients, the contribution of Frank Starling mechanism to postextrasystolic potentiation was minimal. PMID- 6210264 TI - Structure and immunochemistry of isoferritins. PMID- 6210265 TI - Immunoblotting for determination of the antigenic specificities of antibodies to the Mycoplasmatales. AB - Determination of the nature of antigens towards which specific antibodies are directed has caused great difficulties in studies of the antigenic structure of the Mycoplasmatales. In immunoblotting, polypeptides are separated first by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and transferred to cellulose nitrate electrophoretically. The resultant pattern is stained by enzyme-linked staining techniques. This permits direct detection of the antigenic specificities recognized by human and animal immune serum. For example, human convalescent sera from patients with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia recognize 2 to 7 polypeptides in M. pneumoniae, whereas human sera from patients with postpartum fever from whom Ureaplasma urealyticum has been isolated from the bloodstream detect 15 to 25 polypeptides. A comparison of M. pneumoniae with M. genitalium using rabbit antisera demonstrated that these two organisms show strong cross-reactions, although the organisms can be distinguished. Although certain antigens (epitopes) are destroyed in the procedure, it appears that about two-thirds of the polypeptides retain antigenicity. Immunoblotting provides a powerful means for identifying and subsequently fractionating antigens important to the human immune response. PMID- 6210266 TI - Conservation of pathogenic mycoplasma antigens. AB - The protein profiles of different mycoplasmas are generally species-specific; however, several pathogenic species share certain biologic properties and/or virulence factors. We compared species of human, avian and animal origin to determine if there was evidence for conservation of key antigens. Log-phase cultures of Mycoplasma pneumoniae, M. genitalium, M. gallisepticum and M. pulmonis were subjected to SDS-gel electrophoretic analysis. Protein profiles were compared with silver-stained gels. To examine antigenic cross-reactivity, Western blots were prepared by transferring separated proteins to nitrocellulose filters and incubating these with homotypic and heterotypic antisera. Localization of cross-reacting antigens was done by immunoradioautography using 125I-labeled antiglobulins. Several two-way cross-reactions were observed among M. pneumoniae, M. genitalium, and M. gallisepticum; M. pulmonis shared no significant cross-reactions with the other three species. Preliminary evidence suggests that the cross-reactivity was due to conservation of certain antigenic determinants, although the overall protein composition of the four species was different. PMID- 6210267 TI - Effect of cholesterol on phospholipid, RNA, and protein synthesis in Mycoplasma capricolum. AB - The regulatory role of cholesterol on phospholipid, RNA and protein synthesis was investigated in Mycoplasma capricolum. The addition of 2 micrograms/ml of cholesterol to cells growing slowly on lanosterol (10 micrograms/ml) caused an early stimulation of unsaturated phospholipid synthesis followed by a later stimulation of RNA and protein synthesis. Epicoprostanol, a cholesterol antagonist, sequentially inhibited these three processes. Phospholipid served as the acyl donor for the acylation of membrane proteins. Membrane-bound cholesterol correlated with a decrease in the amount of [3H]amino acids and an increase in the amount of [3H]oleate found in two membrane proteins (MW 78 kDa and 26 kDa). Taken together, the results suggest that a small amount of membrane-associated cholesterol serves as a signal for membrane biogenesis and, in turn, macromolecular synthesis and cell growth. PMID- 6210269 TI - Preschool developmental screening--testing the feasibility of flexible implementation of a standard programme. PMID- 6210268 TI - The natural killer cell-interferon system in human carcinoma--its relation to interferon cancer treatment trials. PMID- 6210270 TI - Prospects for the medical use of interferon in 1984. PMID- 6210271 TI - Ectopic production of salivary-type amylase associated with bronchogenic carcinoma: case report and review of the literature. PMID- 6210272 TI - Microwave fixation: its potential for routine techniques, histochemistry, immunocytochemistry and electron microscopy. AB - Human tissues, both biopsy and postmortem, and tissues from rodents were fixed by microwaves at various temperatures and compared against formaldehyde-fixed material. Conventional stains, including trichromes, worked well. Red cells were lysed, but white cells were fixed, thus permitting diagnoses of various inflammatory states. Malignant cells were equally well-preserved by the two methods. Histochemical investigations of mucosubstances, lipids and various hydrolases showed no significant difference between the two techniques. Some neurological stains, however, were not as good following microwave treatment. Immunocytochemical localization of IgA, IgM and IgG showed no significant difference after microwave fixation compared to that in tissues fixed with formaldehyde. Microwave fixation did not lead to a greater tissue shrinkage than that obtained with formaldehyde fixation. Both were significantly less than that following treatment with phosphate-buffered saline alone. Electron microscopy gave results which were interpretable, but with damage resembling early postmortem change. Microwave fixation is complete in approximately 1-2 min. The mechanism of fixation appears to be due to denaturation associated with disulphide bond formation and a decrease in solubility of proteins. PMID- 6210273 TI - Kinetic behaviour of succinate dehydrogenase of three fibre types in skeletal muscle. I. Effects of temperature and a competitive inhibitor. AB - The kinetic behaviour of succinate dehydrogenase [EC 1.3.99.1] in three fibre types of rat gastrocnemius was examined by a quantitative histochemical method without disruption of the cellular structure. 2-(2-Benzothiazolyl)-3-(4 phthalhydrazidyl)-5-styryl-t etrazolium chloride (BPST) and phenazine methosulphate were used as electron acceptors. On measurement of the absorbance value at 530 nm of BPST formazan, produced by the succinate dehydrogenase reaction in sections, it was found that the staining intensity of succinate dehydrogenase was linearly proportional to both the incubation time and the thickness of the slice therefore, the initial velocity of the staining could be calculated. By Michaelis-Menten (1913) treatment of the dependence of the initial velocity on the substrate concentration in the absence and the presence of a competitive inhibitor, malonate, the Km and Vmax values for succinate and the Ki value for malonate were obtained. The Km and Ki values of the three fibre types were similar. The ration of the Vmax values of type A, B and C fibres was 1.0:2.0:3.3. The temperature dependence of the kinetic parameters was very similar in the three fibre types. These findings confirm that the differences in the staining intensity of the three fibre types reflect differences in the amounts, but not the properties, of succinate dehydrogenase. PMID- 6210274 TI - Further comments on the selectivity of Mercury Orange for protein thiols. PMID- 6210275 TI - Sensitivity and efficiency of four immunohistochemical methods as defined by staining of artificial sections. AB - Direct (DIF) and indirect (IIF) immunofluorescence, indirect immunoperoxidase conjugate (IPC) and unlabelled antibody peroxidase antiperoxidase (PAP) staining was performed on sections of artificial substrate containing different concentrations of human immunoglobulin (Ig)A or IgG. Detection sensitivity, in terms of the lowest amount of discernible antigen, was evaluated by direct microscopy and by microphotometry. Staining efficiency (signal-to-noise ratio) was evaluated by microphotometry. Only minor differences in antigen detection sensitivity were found when IPC and PAP were compared with DIF and IIF under appropriate conditions. The sensitivity of DIF was only marginally improved by raised conjugate concentration and prolonged incubation time. Microphotometry of DIF on ethanol-fixed IgA substrate revealed that the staining intensity increased proportionally with the antigen concentration whereas on formaldehyde-fixed substrate a progressive masking of the antigen was indicated which, however, could be overcome by applying raised conjugate concentration and prolonged incubation time. Such antigenic self masking was of relatively little importance to IPC and PAP staining, probably because of the inherent amplification in these methods. An additional masking effect due to extraneous protein was revealed by DIF when ethanol-fixed sections had been soaked in bovine serum albumin and postfixed with formaldehyde; unmasking was achieved by proteolytic treatment of the sections. PMID- 6210276 TI - [Romanowsky dyes and the Romanowsky-Giemsa effect. 3. Microspectrophotometric studies of Romanowsky-Giemsa staining. Spectroscopic evidence of a DNA-azure B eosin Y complex producing the Romanowsky-Giemsa effect]. AB - The Romanowsky-Giemsa staining (RG staining) has been studied by means of microspectrophotometry using various staining conditions. As cell material we employed in our model experiments mouse fibroblasts, LM cells. They show a distinct Romanowsky-Giemsa staining pattern. The RG staining was performed with the chemical pure dye stuffs azure B and eosin Y. In addition we stained the cells separately with azure B or eosin Y. Staining parameters were pH value, dye concentration, staining time etc. Besides normal LM cells we also studied cells after RNA or DNA digestion. The spectra of the various cell species were measured with a self constructed microspectrophotometer by photon counting technique. The optical ray pass and the diagramm of electronics are briefly discussed. The nucleus of RG stained LM cells, pH congruent to 7, is purple, the cytoplasm blue. After DNA or RNA digestion the purple respectively blue coloration in the nucleus or the cytoplasm completely disappeares. Therefore DNA and RNA are the preferentially stained biological substrates. In the spectrum of RG stained nuclei, pH congruent to 7, three absorption bands are distinguishable: They are A1 (15400 cm-1, 649 nm), A2 (16800 cm-1, 595 nm) the absorption bands of DNA bound monomers and dimers of azure B and RB (18100 cm-1, 552 nm) the distinct intense Romanowsky band. Our extensive experimental material shows clearly that RB is produced by a complex of DNA, higher polymers of azure B (degree of association p greater than 2) and eosin Y. The complex is primarily held together by electrostatic interaction: inding of polymer azure B cations to the polyanion DNA generates positively charged binding sites in the DNA-azure B complex which are subsequently occupied by eosin Y anions. It can be spectroscopically shown that the electronic states of the azure B polymers and the attached eosin Y interact. By this interaction the absorption of eosin Y is red shifted and of the azure B polymers blue shifted. The absorption bands of both molecular species overlap and generate the Romanowsky band. Its strong maximum at 18100 cm-1 is due to the eosin Y part of the DNA-azure B-eosin Y complex. The discussed red shift of the eosin Y absorption is the main reason for the purple coloration of RG stained nuclei. Using a special technique it was possible to prepare an artificial DNA-azure B-eosin Y complex with calf thymus DNA as a model nucleic acid and the two dye stuffs azure B and eosin Y.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6210278 TI - [Results of primary chemotherapy in 44 patients with advanced squamous cell carcinoma in the area of the head and neck]. AB - 44 patients with advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck were randomized and treated preoperatively either with arm "A": cis-DDP (3 mg/kg iv day 1) and BLM (15-20 mg iv continuously day 2-6) or arm "B": MTX (30 mg/m2 iv day 1 + 6) and VDS (3 mg/m2 iv day 2 + 7). Treatment with arm "A" was superior producing 73% complete and partial remissions (CR + PR) compared to 40% for arm "B" (p = 0,05). The number of patients with CR could be increased from 2 to 26 by surgery and/or radiotherapy. The median survival for patients with chemotherapeutically induced CR and PR was 16 months but this did not differ significantly from the median survival (13 months) of non responders (p = 0.25). For patients with CR and PR achieved by surgery and/or x-ray therapy the median survival point has not yet been reached, and this is significant compared to the non responders (p = 0.001). Five of 26 patients with CR died after 39 months of observation and 6 are living with recurrence. In addition to clinical trials, chemotherapy is indicated for patients with inoperable tumours. The value of chemotherapy can only be answered by randomized trials comparing chemotherapy combined with standard procedures against surgery and radiotherapy alone. PMID- 6210277 TI - Depletion of substance P and somatostatin in the upper dorsal horn after blockade of axoplasmic transport. AB - In the upper dorsal horn of the rat lumbosacral spinal cord, substance P and somatostatin are present in two distinct and different populations of primary central afferent terminals. Substance-P-positive terminals are mainly concentrated in lamina I, while somatostatin-positive terminals are confined to lamina II. Although these two populations of primary afferent terminals differ at light- and electron-microscopic level, they are equally affected by transganglionic degenerative atrophy (TDA) which is induced by the blockade of axoplasmic transport in the segmentally related, ipsilateral sensory nerve by the local application of Vinblastin, a microtubule inhibitor. In consequence, substance P and somatostatin are depleted in the medial and intermediate portions of the upper dorsal horn, while the lateralmost area, which represents the postaxial portion of the dermatome, remains virtually intact. Substance P and somatostatin in propriospinal elements and the axonal meshwork within the dorsolateral funicle are not affected by TDA. Neurotensine, a propriospinal neuropeptide, does not show any alterations in the affected spinal segments. PMID- 6210279 TI - Different specificities of an HLA-DRw6 haplotype detected by alloreactive T lymphocytes. AB - DRw6 has been difficult to define serologically. In the present experiments we have developed T cell lines in order to characterize the components of a DRw6 haplotype. This was accomplished by priming T cells with allogeneic mononuclear cells mismatched for DRw6, Dw6, and MT2. Subsequently, three sublines with distinct reactivity patterns were derived by limiting dilution. The specificities detected by these sublines included: (a) a specificity found on a subset of cells positive for DRw6 which was inhibited by monoclonal antibodies against DS(DC), the human homologue of the murine IA-encoded molecules, (b) another DRw6 associated specificity blocked by an MT2-like antibody, and (c) an MT2-like specificity blocked by monoclonal antibodies reactive with a different MT2 associated determinant. These results show that more than one IE-like, as well as the DS/DC (IA-like) molecules, carry distinctive antigenic epitopes that can be recognized by allogeneic T cells. Primed T cell lines may be useful for a better definition of certain haplotypes which are at present difficult to characterize with serological reagents alone. PMID- 6210280 TI - Antigen-specific T cell clones restricted by DR, DRw53 (MT), or DP (SB) Class II HLA molecules. Inhibition studies with monoclonal HLA-specific antibodies. AB - T lymphocyte clones (TLCs) specific for Chlamydia trachomatis were obtained after limiting dilution of activated T cells from a single donor, BS (HLA-A3; B7,15; DR1, 4; DRw53; DPw4). Most of the proliferative TLCs obtained apparently used restriction elements on DR1 or DR4 molecules, expressed in the antigen-presenting cells (APC). The restriction pattern of two TLCs, however, closely followed the DRw53 specificity, while one TLC seemed to be restricted by elements on DPw4 molecules. A panel of murine monoclonal antibodies (Mabs) was employed to further dissect the restriction specificities. The proliferative capacity of some of the TLCs was studied with and without Mabs directed against different HLA molecules, using non-T cells, monocytes, and peripheral blood dendritic cells as APC. Two Mabs, 7.2 and D-54, which seem to detect monomorphic determinants on HLA-DR, inhibited both DR- and DRw53-restricted TLCs. One Mab, 109d6 which reacts with DRw53 determinants, selectively inhibited the DRw53-restricted TLCs. The DP restricted TLC was not inhibited significantly by any tested Mabs, including two Mabs with putative specificity for monomorphic determinants on the DP molecule. PMID- 6210281 TI - Sequential half-body irradiation (SHBI) and combination chemotherapy as salvage treatment for failed Ewing's sarcoma--a pilot study. AB - This study was undertaken to evaluate the toxicity of sequential half-body irradiation (SHBI) and combination chemotherapy (5-FU, VM-26 and BCNU) in patients who had failed primary aggressive therapy for their Ewing's sarcoma. A secondary goal was to evaluate the response of these previously treated patients to the combination of systemic radiation and multi-agent chemotherapy. The first patient in the study was treated with SHBI only and died 139 days following retreatment. Four subsequent patients successfully received the first cycle of combination chemotherapy. However, only one completed both upper and lower half body irradiation while the remaining three patients, because of rapid progression of their disease, completed either the upper or the lower portion of their half body irradiation (HBI). The time from retreatment to disease progression in these four patients ranged from 45 to 97 days (mean 79 days) and the time from retreatment to death ranged from 72 to 193 days (mean 126 days). The combination chemotherapy was tolerated well by all the patients, and the SHBI was accompanied by mild nausea and some vomiting within the first few hours following treatment. Failure to give the second half of the half-body irradiation and to complete further chemotherapy in three of the patients was a result of the progressive nature of the patients' disease and not to any limitations imposed by poor blood counts. Half-body irradiation provided good pain relief within 24 hours for all of the patients. Systemic radiation contributes to the palliative treatment of patients with failed Ewing's sarcoma, but appears to be relatively ineffective when the tumor burden is high. PMID- 6210282 TI - Relationship of the dosage form of a corticosteroid to its therapeutic efficacy. PMID- 6210283 TI - Black and white display transparencies of histological sections. PMID- 6210284 TI - Unusual manifest and concealed bigeminy. PMID- 6210285 TI - Phosphate-guanosine interactions. A model for the involvement of guanine derivatives in autocatalytic reactions of ribonucleic acids. AB - Proton magnetic resonance was used to study the interactions between nucleosides and phosphate monoanion in dimethyl sulfoxide. Ribose was able to form two mutually exclusive 1:1 complexes involving either OH3' and OH5' or OH3' and OH2' as hydrogen bond donor groups. Deoxyribose could form only one of these complexes. A specific interaction of phosphate with the base moiety of nucleosides was observed only with guanosine. A 1:1 complex was formed involving the N(1)H and NH2(2) of guanine. Association constants for both the base and sugar complexes were determined to be in the range 50-60 M-1 at 21 degrees C in dimethyl sulfoxide. This value is more than 1 order of magnitude higher than that measured for guanine-cytosine base pair formation under the same conditions. Water addition to dimethyl sulfoxide led to a decrease of all association constants but the guanine-phosphate "pair" remained more stable than the guanine cytosine base pair. PMID- 6210286 TI - A kinetic comparison of the processing and secretion of the alpha beta dimer and the uncombined alpha and beta subunits of chorionic gonadotropin synthesized by human choriocarcinoma cells. AB - Human choriocarcinoma cells (JAR) synthesize the alpha and beta subunits of the glycoprotein hormone chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) (R.W. Ruddon, C.A. Hanson, A. H. Bryan, G.J. Putterman, E.L. White, F. Perini, K. S. Meade, and P.H. Aldenderfer (1980) J. Biol. Chem. 255, 1000-1007). In addition to the hCG dimer (alpha beta), JAR cells secrete uncombined alpha and beta subunits into the culture medium (L.A. Cole, R.J. Hartle, J.A. Laferla, and R.W. Ruddon (1983) Endocrinology 113, 1176-1178). Pulse-chase studies with [35S]methionine or [3H]mannose were carried out in order to compare free alpha, free beta, and the alpha beta dimer with regard to the kinetics of synthesis, N-linked oligosaccharide processing, and secretion and to determine the kinetics of alpha beta subunit combination. A panel of three antisera was used to immunoprecipitate directly the free subunits and the alpha beta dimer sequentially from the same cell lysates and culture media. The alpha subunit of hCG was synthesized in a slight molar excess (1.2-1.5-fold) over the beta subunit, and alpha beta dimer was rapidly formed by combination of the intracellular alpha and beta precursors. Dimer formation was already apparent in JAR cells following a 10-min biosynthetic labeling incubation with [35S]methionine. The combination of subunits ceased by 30 min of chase even though 51% of alpha and 44% of beta remained free within the cells. Combination of the alpha and beta precursors had occurred before their N linked oligosaccharides were processed beyond the Man8GlcNAc2 structure. The initial trimming of glucosyl and mannosyl units from the high-mannose oligosaccharides of the hCG precursors occurred more rapidly for free alpha and CG-alpha than for free beta and CG-beta. JAR cells accumulated alpha precursors bearing mostly Man8GlcNAc2 units and beta precursors bearing Man8GlcNAc2 units that represent the substrates of the rate-limiting step in the secretory pathway. In spite of the fact that their N-linked oligosaccharides were trimmed at different rates, free alpha, free beta, and alpha beta dimer were all secreted into the medium at the same rate, with a half-time of 35 min. The secreted hCG forms were stable in the chase medium between 4 and 8h, indicating that extracellular degradation, combination of free subunits to form dimer, or dissociation of dimer to form free subunits did not occur.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6210287 TI - Domain structure of vitronectin. Alignment of active sites. AB - The structure of vitronectin, an adhesive protein isolated from human plasma, was studied by chemical fragmentation. Partial cleavage of vitronectin with cyanogen bromide in 70% formic acid generated four main fragments with masses of 53,000, 43,000, 35,000, and 12,000 daltons arising from both the 75- and 65-kDa vitronectin polypeptides and a 10-kDa fragment arising only from the 75-kDa polypeptide. By varying the reaction conditions, four BrCN cleavage sites and one acid cleavage site could be identified. The latter site gave rise to 40-, 32-, and 26-kDa fragments. The order of these fragments within the vitronectin polypeptides was determined by comparison of the NH2-terminal sequences of the polypeptides and their fragments, by further cleavage of the largest fragments with BrCN or 70% formic acid, and by assaying for heparin-binding and cell attachment activities. The NH2-terminal sequences of the intact vitronectin polypeptides are the same and identical to a 44-amino acid serum peptide called somatomedin B, indicating that vitronectin may be the precursor of somatomedin B. The cell-attachment site appears to be located within approximately 5 kDa of the NH2 terminus, but it is distinct from the somatomedin B domain. The heparin binding site is contained in the 12-kDa fragment near the COOH terminus. This fragment was shown to bind to a chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan in addition to heparin. The NH2-terminal amino acid sequence of this glycosaminoglycan-binding fragment is remarkably rich in basic amino acids. The NH2-terminal sequences of this and the other vitronectin fragments showed no homology with the amino acid sequence of the heparin-binding domain of fibronectin or other known sequences from fibronectin. These results show that the biological activities of vitronectin are located in distinct parts of both of the vitronectin polypeptides, which appear to be identical except for the presence of an additional 10-kDa fragment near or at the COOH terminus of the 75-kDa polypeptide. PMID- 6210288 TI - Swainsonine inhibits glycoprotein degradation by isolated rat liver lysosomes. AB - Rat liver lysosomes, isolated from metrizamide gradients by the method of Wattiaux et al. (Wattiaux, R., Wattiaux-de Coninck, S., Ronveaux-Dupol, M.F., and Dubois, F. (1978) J. Cell Biol. 78, 349-368) took up from the medium and degraded several marker protein preparations, viz. 125I-asialofetuin, [35S]methionine labeled hemoglobin, and [3H]leucine-labeled rat liver cytosol proteins. Rates were indistinguishable for all the markers, indicating that uptake was by a nonspecific process analogous to fluid pinocytosis. No effect of added MgATP or K+ was observed. Lysosomal degradation of all the markers was inhibited by 10(-4) M chloroquine. Swainsonine, on the other hand, at 10(-5) M, inhibited the breakdown only of the glycoprotein, 125I-asialofetuin. In the presence of the inhibitors, there was an accumulation of markers in the lysosomes in amount corresponding to the decreased breakdown, indicating that uptake was unaffected. Degradation and inhibition were measured at pH 7.0, 6.0, and 5.0 with both intact lysosomes and with lysosomes disrupted by the addition of 0.2% Triton X-100. Degradation with intact lysosomes was relatively independent of pH. On the other hand, activity with disrupted lysosomes was negligible at pH 7.0 and rose rapidly with decreasing pH. Inhibition by 10(-4) M chloroquine and 10(-5) M swainsonine with intact lysosomes decreased sharply with decreasing pH and did not occur with disrupted lysosomes. PMID- 6210289 TI - Isolation and sequence of the structural gene for cytochrome c oxidase subunit VI from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - Using synthetic oligodeoxyribonucleic acid probes we have identified and isolated COX6, the structural gene for subunit VI of cytochrome c oxidase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The nucleotide sequence of COX6 predicts an amino acid sequence, for the mature subunit VI polypeptide, which is in perfect agreement with that determined previously. The nucleotide sequence of COX6 also predicts that subunit VI is derived from a precursor with a highly basic 40-amino acid NH2 terminal presequence. This precursor has been observed after in vitro translations programmed by yeast poly(A+)RNA. Northern blot analysis of poly(A+) RNA from strain D273-10B reveals that COX6 is homologous to three RNAs of 1800, 900, and 700 bases in length. By means of Southern blot analysis, the cloned gene was shown to be co-linear with yeast chromosomal DNA and to exist in a single copy in the yeast genome. An additional open reading frame, consisting of 82 codons, terminates 22 codons upstream from COX6. It is "in frame" with the COX6 coding region. PMID- 6210290 TI - Aspergillus contains multiple tubulin genes. AB - Previous work with benomyl-resistant mutants of Aspergillus nidulans has demonstrated that the benA locus is a structural gene for beta-tubulin. Two of the benA mutants, benA22 and benA85, show altered electrophoretic mobilities on two-dimensional gels for two beta-tubulins (designated beta 1 and beta 2). These shifts of the beta 1- and beta 2-tubulins uncover a spot in the region where wild type beta-tubulins migrate that is occluded on gels of wild-type extracts by the beta 1- and beta 2-tubulins. Evidence has now been obtained indicating that this spot represents an additional beta-tubulin (designated beta 3). Tubulin was partially purified from Aspergillus and run on one- and two-dimensional gels and the band or spot uncovered by the shift of the beta 1- and beta 2-tubulins was identified as a beta-tubulin by immunoblotting with monoclonal and affinity purified polyclonal anti-tubulin antibodies and by one-dimensional peptide mapping. These observations show that Aspergillus contains at least two structural genes for beta-tubulins. Similar techniques have also been applied to a mutant showing altered alpha-tubulins to confirm and modify earlier observations suggesting that at least two structural genes for alpha-tubulins are also present. PMID- 6210291 TI - Comparison of myosin heavy chains in atria and ventricles from hyperthyroid, hypothyroid, and euthyroid rabbits. AB - The structural similarities of the heavy chains (HC) of myosin isolated from atria and ventricles of hyper-, hypo-, and euthyroid rabbits were compared by immunological analysis, by one- and two-dimensional peptide mapping, and by electrophoresis under nondenaturing conditions. Monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies, which are specific for HC alpha of ventricular myosin, cross-reacted equally with the HCs of euthyroid atrial myosin. Our immunological analysis identified multiple epitopes common to euthyroid atrial HC and ventricular HC alpha. One- and two-dimensional gel electrophoretic analysis of peptides produced by partial proteolytic digestion of each type of HC reveal no differences between euthyroid atrial HCs and ventricular HC alpha, whereas marked differences are apparent between atrial HC and ventricular HC beta. Nondenaturing gel electrophoresis separates ventricular myosin from hyper- and hypothyroid rabbits into two forms, V1 and V3, respectively. In euthyroid atria, two isomyosins, A1 and A2, were resolved; with the slower moving A2 isomyosin having the same mobility as that of the V1 isomyosin. After cross-hybridization of light chains of ventricular myosin with euthyroid atrial HCs, only a single band having a mobility identical with that of the V1 isomyosin was seen. Furthermore, atrial myosin HCs isolated from hyper- and hypothyroid rabbits were indistinguishable from euthyroid atrial HC and from ventricular HC alpha by these procedures. We conclude that ventricular HC alpha and atrial HC are indistinguishable proteins, and that the type of HC expressed in the atria is unaffected by the thyroid state of the rabbit. PMID- 6210292 TI - Effects of disulfiram on the metabolism of nitrosodiethylamine during liver carcinogenesis. AB - We have studied the effects of disulfiram (DSF) administration on the metabolism of nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA) in rats during acute and chronic administration. DSF was found to have the following effects during the course of carcinogenesis: (a) marked decrease in the exhalation of 14CO2 derived from 14C-NDEA; (b) reduction of the total levels of DNA and RNA ethylation in the liver. In acute experiments DSF caused an increase in the amount of NDEA in organs and in the urine. We suggest that inhibition of NDEA biotransformation and the subsequent decrease in the total level of DNA ethylation may prevent specific chemical interactions relevant to carcinogenesis. PMID- 6210293 TI - An improved purification method for cytoplasmic dynein. AB - An improved method has been devised for the purification of cytoplasmic dynein from sea urchin eggs (Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis and S purpuratus). This protocol introduces three changes over a previously published procedure (Hisanaga and Sakai: J Biochem 93:87, 1983)--the substitution of diethylaminoethyl (DEAE) cellulose for hydroxylapatite chromatography, the elimination of sucrose density gradient centrifugation, and the use of phosphocellulose chromatography. These changes reduce the time and increase the efficiency of the purification procedure. The purified egg cytoplasmic dynein has enzymatic properties in common with axonemal dynein, including ionic specificity (Ca++ATPase/Mg++ ATPase = 0.8) and inhibition by sodium vanadate and erythro-9-2,3-hydroxynonyl adenine (EHNA). As assayed by silver staining of polyacrylamide gels, the cytoplasmic dynein is composed of two high molecular weight polypeptides (greater than 300 kilodaltons) that comigrate with flagellar dynein heavy chains, and lesser amounts of three lower molecular weight bands. None of these polypeptides appears to contain bound carbohydrate. The purification procedure can be modified slightly to allow the preparation of cytoplasmic dynein in only 2 days from as little as 3-5 ml of packed eggs, a 20-fold reduction over the previous method. This more rapid and efficient method will facilitate the investigation of cytoplasmic dynein in other systems where starting material is limited, including tissue culture cells and nerve axoplasm. PMID- 6210294 TI - [Zinc]. AB - Zinc is indispensable for life from bacteria to man. As a trace element it is included in numerous enzymes or serves as their activator (more than 80 zinc metallo-enzymes). It is necessary for nucleic acid and protein synthesis, the formation of sulphated molecules (insulin, growth hormone, keratin, immunoglobulins), and the functioning of carbonic anhydrase, aldolases, many dehydrogenases (including alcohol-dehydrogenase, retinal reductase indispensable for retinal rod function), alkaline phosphatase, T cells and superoxide dismutase. Its lack provokes distinctive signs: anorexia, diarrhea, taste, smell and vision disorders, skin lesions, delayed healing, growth retardation, delayed appearance of sexual characteristics, diminished resistance to infection, and it may be the cause of congenital malformations. Assay is now simplified by atomic absorption spectrophotometry in blood or hair. There is a latent lack prior to any disease because of the vices of modern eating habits, and this increases during stress, infections or tissue healing processes. Its lack is accentuated during long-term parenteral feeding or chronic gastrointestinal affections. Correction is as simple as it is innocuous, and zinc supplements should be given more routinely during surgical procedures. PMID- 6210295 TI - Parameters determining affinity partitioning of yeast enzymes using polymer-bound triazine dye ligands. AB - Triazine dyes, bound to polyethylene glycol, have been used to influence the partition of some enzymes within a dextran-polyethylene glycol-water two-phase system. The enzymes, present in a protein extract from baker's yeast, included glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase, glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase, 3 phospho-glycerate kinase and alcohol dehydrogenase. The partition coefficients of the enzymes could be changed by a factor of 10-500 in favour of the polyethylene glycol-rich phase, while the partition of bulk protein was much less affected. The influence of the concentration of polymer-bound dye and phase-forming polymers, temperature, pH, kind and concentration of salt and the presence of nucleotides on this affinity partitioning effect was studied. The extraction was effective even at high concentrations of dye and protein (40 g/l). A partial purification (32-fold) of glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase was carried out by an extraction in five steps. PMID- 6210296 TI - Reversed-phase paired-ion high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the separation and quantification of multiple bleomycin congeners. AB - A rapid, linear gradient chromatographic technique for separating and quantifying copper(II)-chelated bleomycin congeners is described. This method is also capable of separating divalent from trivalent metal chelates; determining the purity of many chemically modified bleomycins; and assaying bleomycin hydrolase activity on complex mixtures. Quantification at 280 nm is sensitive to 50 pmol and is linear at least up to 10 nmol per injection. PMID- 6210297 TI - Analysis of vanillylmandelic acid, homovanillic acid and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid in human urine by high-performance liquid chromatography and fluorometry. PMID- 6210298 TI - Comparison of three bioassays for rat interferon. AB - Compared to the well-characterized murine and human interferons, few studies have been conducted on rat interferons. In the present study, we compared three rat interferon bioassays: a plaque-reduction method, a hemagglutination yield reduction method, and a method involving reduction in viral cytopathic effect. These methods were evaluated in order to better assay rat interferons and thus facilitate investigations to determine the antiviral, antitumor, and immunoregulatory role of interferon in existing rat model systems. Each method has certain desirable characteristics; the choice of bioassay depends on the specific application required. Overall, the reduction in viral cytopathic effect bioassay combines most of the desired features of a rat interferon bioassay including sensitivity, precision, convenience, rapidity, and economy. PMID- 6210299 TI - Silver staining of DNA restriction fragments for the rapid identification of adenovirus isolates: application during nosocomial outbreaks. AB - The ultrasensitive photochemical silver stain for nucleic acids, described by Beidler et al. (1982), has been applied to the detection of adenovirus restriction fragments as a relatively rapid technique for the identification of virus isolates. In this study, restriction enzyme cleavage analysis was used to characterize adenovirus isolates from what appeared to be two nosocomial outbreaks. The first outbreak was thus shown to include two clusters of patients, and involved two serotypes Ad7c and Ad40. The second outbreak was unrelated and involved Ad35. Although restriction analysis does not replace serum neutralization as a routine method for typing adenoviruses, it is a much more rapid means of discriminating between different patient isolates, providing a current rather than retrospective analysis of a nosocomial outbreak. During the first outbreak, restriction analysis identified two distinct adenovirus serotypes from one patient--Ad7c from a nasopharyngeal aspirate and Ad41 from a stool specimen. Restriction analysis is also valuable for the sub-typing of virus isolates. In this study, the Ad40 and Ad41 isolates were shown to be variants of the respective prototype strains. PMID- 6210300 TI - Dissociation among Ia antigen expression, accessory cell function, and antigen processing in two acute monoblastic leukemia lines. AB - To better understand the role of Ia antigen expression, accessory cell function, and antigen ingestion in antigen presentation and the initiation of T cell proliferation, we studied these events in two acute monoblastic leukemia (AMoL) lines. The cell lines were positive for surface Ia antigen; one stimulated proliferation of the allogeneic mononuclear cells in mixed lymphocyte culture and culture supernatants from the other line contained interleukin 1 (IL-1) when tested for comitogen activity in a standard mouse thymocyte assay. The AMoL cells also contributed accessory factors for mitogen-induced proliferative responses by T cells. High numbers of cells of one of the lines tended to suppress mitogen induced T cell proliferation. Irradiated trinitrophenylated AMoL cells were able to stimulate TNP-specific HLA-DR matched T cell blasts to proliferate. However, when irradiated AMoL cells were cultured with a protein antigen (tetanus toxoid or varicella zoster) plus antigen-specific parental T cell blasts, antigen presentation failed to occur. Diminished phagocytosis by the AMoL cells, together with reduced catabolism of labelled antigen, is a likely explanation for this finding. Our results demonstrate that the concurrent presence of a complex protein antigen and Ia-positive monocytic leukemia cells capable of accessory function is alone insufficient to maintain antigen-specific T cell proliferation. Moreover, these findings suggest that antigen processing, involving ingestion and reexpression of antigenic determinants, is an essential aspect of antigen presentation not tightly linked to Ia antigen expression or IL-1 production in these AMoL lines. PMID- 6210301 TI - Modulation of T- and B-lymphocyte functions by isoprinosine in homosexual subjects with prodromata and in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). AB - Male prodromal homosexuals and patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) exhibited similar immunological abnormalities but by different degrees. A reduction in the number of circulating T lymphocytes bearing the T-4 surface marker led to an altered ratio of Th to Ts subpopulations in both groups of subjects. Total numbers of suppressor cells (Ts) remained virtually similar in both study groups to that of the control subjects. Proliferative responses to T cell mitogen (PHA) and T cell-dependent B-cell mitogen (PWM) were severely impaired in prodromal subjects and more so in the AIDS group. The response to PWM was unrelated to the total number of suppressor T cells but was associated with a significant decrease in helper T-cell number. The impaired lymphocyte functions of immunosuppressed subjects were potentiated by coincubation with isoprinosine in a selective fashion. While the percentage of upward modulation among homosexuals with normal lymphocyte functions was comparable to that obtained in control subjects, a higher degree of augmentation was achieved in AIDS patients and in prodromal subjects with impaired blastogenic responses. In none of the AIDS patients with severe immunodeficiencies, however, was the lymphocyte functions restored to the normal range established in the heterosexual controls. These results suggest the feasibility of eventual prophylactic utilization of isoprinosine in male homosexuals at high risk of developing AIDS. PMID- 6210302 TI - Cryptosporidium spp., a frequent cause of diarrhea in Central Africa. AB - Cryptosporidium oocysts were present in 20 (10.4%) of 193 Rwandese children and in 3 (3.0%) of 100 adults with diarrhea. In four of the children and in one adult, Cryptosporidium was associated with other enteric pathogens. The higher incidence of Cryptosporidium in diarrheic children was statistically significant. The parasite was not found in 94 formed stools submitted for parasitological examination. The mean age of the Cryptosporidium-positive children was 13.3 months. In four children, Cryptosporidium was associated with severe malnutrition. All of those required rehydration, and one child died as a direct consequence of severe diarrhea. The three adult patients showed no recognizable immunodeficiency, and their diarrhea resolved spontaneously. Staining with 1% safranin was not only more simple and rapid but also more sensitive than the modified Ziehl-Neelsen technique. PMID- 6210303 TI - Phenotypic markers and functional characteristics of T lymphocyte clones from cerebrospinal fluid in multiple sclerosis. AB - We have recently developed a technique for direct expansion of human T lymphocyte clones from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with acute infections of the central nervous system (CNS). In the present study, T lymphocyte clones were established directly from the CSF of 4 patients with multiple sclerosis by limiting dilution in the presence of T cell growth factor and irradiated feeder cells. In 3 patients the CSF was obtained during an exacerbation of their disease. Cloning efficiencies ranged between 4 and 6%. About 40 clones per patient were available for surface marker analysis and functional studies. Typing of the clones for membrane antigens revealed the following results: 75-100% had the OKT4+8- and 0-25% the OKT4-8+ phenotype. Only one clone expressed both surface markers. When tested for PHA-dependent cytotoxicity, all OKT8+ clones and about 50% of the OKT4+ clones were found to express cytotoxic activity. Studies on the proliferative response showed that all OKT4+ and the majority of OKT8+ clones were capable of TCGF-independent, mitogen-induced proliferation. Screening of the clones for specific reactivity against a panel of antigens including measles virus, mumps virus, Epstein-Barr virus and myelin basic protein (MBP) did not reveal significant specific reactivity. PMID- 6210304 TI - The role of myelin lipids in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. Part 1. Influence on disease production by non-encephalitogenic doses of myelin basic protein. AB - Hartley guinea pig central nervous system (CNS) myelin has been purified and fractionated into its protein and lipid components. Experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) was induced in juvenile strain 13 guinea pigs with both lyophilized and fresh 'wet' myelin. However, a larger dose of lyophilized myelin was required to induce chronic EAE. Total myelin lipids, galactocerebrosides, gangliosides, phospholipids or proteolipids were combined with a non encephalitogenic dose of myelin basic protein (MBP) and injected in juvenile Hartley guinea pigs. No clinical or histological manifestations of disease were observed. Parameters of immune functions indicated that the total myelin lipids augmented cell-mediated immune responses as measured by in vitro lymphocyte transformation and by a significant decrease in the percentage of peripheral early T cells. Only the proteolipids elicited delayed hypersensitivity reactions. Animals that received the phospholipid-MBP combination showed no changes when compared to animals injected with MBP alone. The results suggest that although the myelin lipids did not act synergistically with a non-encephalitogenic dose of MBP to induce EAE, they induced immunological changes and potentiated the immune response to MBP. PMID- 6210305 TI - Antibodies against human neuroblastoma cells in the sera of patients with myasthenia gravis. AB - The autoimmune nature of acquired myasthenia gravis is well documented. Although anti-acetylcholine receptor antibodies are pathognomonic for this disease, their significance in the immunopathogenesis of myasthenia gravis may differ among patients. The presence of antibodies against human neuroblastoma cells in myasthenic sera was studied using the 125I-labelled protein-A radioimmunoassay and indirect immunofluorescence. For comparison sera of patients with other neurological diseases were examined. Significant levels of antibodies against neuroblastoma cells were found in the sera of over 60% of myasthenia gravis patients and in some patients of the other disease groups, but mainly in lower titers. Our findings suggests a more generalized neuroimmunological abnormality in some myasthenia gravis patients. PMID- 6210307 TI - Tissue-type plasminogen activator increases the binding of glu-plasminogen to clots. AB - Porcine tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) increases the binding of 125I glu-plasminogen to clots made from human plasma or purified fibrinogen in a time and t-PA concentration dependent fashion. The accumulation of plasminogen was faster and greater on noncrosslinked plasma clots than on clots which had been crosslinked by Factor XIIIa. Furthermore, the uptake of plasminogen to crosslinked fibrin clots occurred at a slower rate in the presence of alpha 2 plasmin inhibitor (alpha 2 PI) than in its absence. The kinetics of the uptake of 125I-plasminogen were analyzed using SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and radioautography of solubilized plasma clots formed in the presence of t-PA. During the initial phase there was a decrease of clot-bound glu-plasminogen; simultaneously, there was a slight increase in clot-bound glu-plasmin and in plasmin complexed to alpha 2 PI that was crosslinked to alpha-chain polymers of fibrin. This was followed by a marked increase in clot-bound plasminogen having glutamic acid as NH2-terminal (glu-plasminogen) and gluplasmin. t-PA-induced enhancement of glu-plasminogen uptake appears to be mediated by plasmin but does not require the conversion of glu-plasminogen to plasminogen having lysine or methionine as NH2-terminal. The described mechanism assures an adequate supply of clot-bound plasmin, which is the enzyme ultimately involved in the degradation of fibrin. PMID- 6210308 TI - Two year longitudinal followup of premature infants weighing less than or equal to 1,200 grams at birth: sequelae of intracranial hemorrhage. AB - Intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) is a major problem for the premature infant, occurring in more than one-third of surviving infants weighing less than or equal to 1,500 g at birth. The literature on perinatal ICH, as it relates to neurodevelopment outcome, is briefly reviewed, and preliminary results from our two-year followup of 75 less than or equal to 1,200-g infants are summarized. An analysis of pathophysiology, diagnosis, classification, and followup indicates that risk for ICH and its sequelae increases as gestational age and birth weight decrease. Hydrocephalus apparently no longer presents significant risk beyond that conveyed by the original hemorrhage. However, persistent posthemorrhagic ventriculomegaly and/or periventricular abnormalities serve as significant "markers" of risk for neuromotor delay through two years of age. In contrast, recovery of normal ventricular morphology by term gestational age apparently indexes a degree of recovery from ICH and predicts a more normal developmental outcome through the first two postnatal years. PMID- 6210306 TI - Inhibition of soluble antigen-induced T cell proliferation by warm-reactive antibodies to activated T cells in systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - One of the fundamental immunologic characteristics of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a depressed T cell proliferative response to various specific and nonspecific stimuli. Both intrinsic cellular defect(s) and inhibitory influences of humoral factors, e.g., antilymphocyte autoantibodies or immune complexes, have been postulated to underly this functional abnormality. Because patient serum can induce SLE-like T cell dysfunction in normal cells, an extrinsic mechanism is probably responsible, but the nature and site of action of this humoral activity has not been defined. This laboratory recently described a novel antibody specific for activated T cells in SLE, which raised the possibility that suppression of T cell proliferation by SLE serum involved antibodies directed to surface determinants expressed during the process of activation. In experiments to examine this concept further, relatively warm reactive antibodies to T cell blasts were found to inhibit strongly the well characterized T cell response to tetanus toxoid. These antibodies were distinct from conventional cold-reactive IgM antibodies to resting T cells, which exhibited little inhibitory activity. Inhibition involved noncytotoxic effects on early activation events at the level of the responding T cell, which markedly reduced the expression of receptors for interleukin 2. Inhibitory effects on antigen-pulsed macrophages or on T cells already committed to proliferate were not demonstrable. Anti-T blast antibodies were characteristic of active SLE and were detected only occasionally in patients with inactive disease or non-SLE rheumatic disorders. Although the exact antigenic specificity was not identified, considerable evidence was obtained against the presence of antibodies to Ia and certain other surface determinants of functional relevance. Our observations concerning the suppressive effects of anti-T blast antibodies in SLE serum on the T cell response to tetanus toxoid should provide new insight into mechanisms of in vivo T cell dysfunction in this and other immunologic disorders. PMID- 6210309 TI - Ultrastructural demonstration of retrovirus antigens with immuno-gold staining in prodromal acquired immune deficiency syndrome. AB - The peripheral lymphocytes of a patient with prodromal acquired immune deficiency syndrome contained giant multivesicular bodies. These were specifically stained by immuno-gold labelled polyclonal antibodies against the major core protein p24 of bovine leukaemia virus and human T cell leukaemia virus I. Moreover, the patient's serum was positive for bovine leukaemia virus by the ELISA method. PMID- 6210310 TI - The neuronal endoplasmic reticulum: its cytochemistry and contribution to the endomembrane system. II. Axons and terminals. AB - The morphology and cytochemistry of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in axons and terminals of a number of different types of neurons in brains from mice were investigated ultrastructurally. The neurohypophysis received particular attention because the morphology and enzyme cytochemical activities of many of the preterminal swellings of hypothalamo-neurohypophysial axons are altered by chronic salt-stress. Membrane contrast and enzyme cytochemical staining techniques were employed to characterize the axonal reticulum and to determine if organelles representing the lysosomal system in the axon and the tubular profiles participating in the anterograde axonal transport of native horseradish peroxidase (HRP) are associated with the ER. Potential enzyme cytochemical markers for the axonal ER included glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase), thiamine pyrophosphatase, nucleoside diphosphatase, and acid hydroxylase activities. The anterograde transport of HRP was analyzed in undamaged hypothalamo neurohypophysial neurons and in facial and hypoglossal motoneurons of mice receiving the protein in the lateral cerebral ventricle. The ER pervaded the axon and appeared as parallel, 20-40-nm-wide tubules interconnected by oblique anastomoses. Membrane thickness of the axonal reticulum measured 60-100 A, which is similar to that of the perikaryal ER. Enzyme cytochemical activities associated with the ER or lysosomes were not conspicuous in axons and terminals under normal conditions but became prominent in some axons and preterminal swellings manifesting an autophagic appearance within neurohypophyses from salt stressed mice. Only G6Pase activity was a marker for the ER in these axons and preterminals. Many ER profiles in non-incubated sections and in G6Pase cytochemical preparations of salt-stressed neurohypophyses were wrapped around or interspersed among secretory granules, multilamellar bodies, and vacuoles that may represent forms of lysosomes involved in autophagy and crinophagy. Acid hydrolase activities were localized within the vacuoles as well as within 80-130 nm-wide, blunt-ended tubules in pituitary stalk axons; similar reactive tubules were confluent with large secondary lysosomes in neurosecretory cell bodies and may be derived from these lysosomes. Morphologically identical tubules transporting HRP in the anterograde direction were observed only in the salt stressed hypothalamo-neurohypophysial neuron. The HRP-positive tubules very likely are affiliated with the lysosomal system. PMID- 6210311 TI - Alopecia areata: pathogenesis and treatment. AB - Although its etiology remains unknown, evidence has accumulated to support an autoimmune pathogenesis for alopecia areata. Our review summarizes the immunologic data and also examines the role of genetics, atopy, and psychologic stress in this disorder. Until etiology is better understood, treatments for alopecia areata are likely to remain palliative. Nevertheless, newer therapies such as photochemotherapy, topical immunotherapy, and perhaps systemic immunotherapy (e.g., inosiplex) offer new hope for patients with extensive disease. PMID- 6210312 TI - Cell surface carbohydrates in psoriasis. Defective cytoplasmic transport by glycoconjugates carrying fucose residues suggested by lectin staining. AB - Eleven biopsy specimens of normal skin and twenty-four biopsy specimens of psoriatic lesions were examined histochemically by using several lectins (Ulex europaeus, UEA-1; Dolichos biflorus, DBA; Bandeirea simplicifolia, BS-I; Concanvalia ensiformis, Con A; Triticum vulgaris, WGA; Ricinus communis, RCA; Arachis hypogoea, PNA) in order to evaluate the presence and distribution of various carbohydrates in normal and psoriatic keratinocytes. The findings revealed that keratinocytes from psoriatic lesions are distinguished by a different composition of carbohydrate residues incorporated in their plasma membranes. In particular, the intracellular transport of alpha-L-fucose, alpha-D mannose, and alpha-D-glucose to the plasma cell membrane is impeded, whereas their synthesis in the cytoplasm of the psoriatic keratinocytes is largely unaltered. In addition, due to the lack of terminal alpha-L-fucose, the alpha-D-N acetyl-galactosamine and alpha-D-galactose residues cannot be transferred to the plasma membranes and, therefore, the antigens for blood groups A and B remain incomplete in psoriatic epidermis. On the basis of these findings and in comparison with previous findings of our group on hyperproliferative, malignant keratinocytes, it is concluded that particularly the disordered cytoplasmic transport of alpha-L-fucose-carrying glycoconjugates may represent a specific defect in psoriasis, possibly linked with the pathogenesis of this disease. PMID- 6210313 TI - Immunohistochemistry of adnexal neoplasms. PMID- 6210314 TI - Human gingival fibroblast production of interferon. AB - Three human gingival fibroblast cell lines were used to determine whether they could be induced by a synthetic RNA and superinduced by metabolic inhibitors to produce interferon (IFN-beta). When established procedures were followed for human fetal or newborn skin fibroblast cell lines, the adult gingival fibroblasts produced comparable amounts of IFN-beta. It was shown that the superinducers alone would not cause an IFN-beta production response, and that the absence of serum in the production medium also inhibited the production of IFN-beta. The effect of IFN-beta on cell growth was carried out in T-flasks seeded with 10(5) HEp-2 cells. After one and two wk, the cells of triplicate control flasks and triplicate flasks containing various dilutions of the production media were enumerated to determine a cell multiplication inhibition (CMI) value. A correlation between the IFN-beta content and the CMI effect, however, was not obtained, and it was concluded that other CMI agents, possibly more potent than the IFN-beta, were being produced by the stimulated human gingival fibroblasts. Cell protein assays which gave a high ng/cell protein content correlated with TEM micrographs which showed clusters of complex lysosomes, primarily in cells cultured in the IFN-beta-containing nutrient. However, since commercial IFN-beta initiated no such lysosomal response, it was further concluded that the complex lysosomes were due to CMI agent(s) other than IFN-beta. PMID- 6210315 TI - Effect of age, application date, and life stage on the susceptibility of free living lone star ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) to acaricides. PMID- 6210316 TI - Ultralow-volume mists of chlorpyrifos from a tractor-mounted blower for area control of the lone star tick (Acari: Ixodidae). PMID- 6210317 TI - Monosaccharide in high fructose syrup as an etiological factor of urticaria. PMID- 6210318 TI - Our Alianza and how it grew. PMID- 6210319 TI - Adrenergic nerves to the rat parotid gland originating in the contralateral sympathetic chain. AB - The parotid gland of the rat seems to receive some adrenergic nerves from the sympathetic chain of the opposite side. This is suggested by the following evidence: after unilateral removal of the superior cervical ganglion, parotid tissue from the contralateral gland shows degeneration secretion of amylase in vitro similar to, but much smaller than that known to occur ipsilaterally. When parotid secretion is evoked parasympathetically in the anesthetized rat, superimposed stimulation of the contralateral cervical sympathetic trunk can be shown to increase the secretion of amylase into this parasympathetic saliva; as it does, much more, ipsilaterally. It may also cause an evanescent decrease of the salivary flow, suggesting that not only secretory, but also vasoconstrictor nerves had been activated. After removal of one sympathetic ganglion, some undergenerated adrenergic nerves remain ipsilaterally, as earlier demonstrated; but no such fibers can be detected when the ganglion has been removed on both sides. PMID- 6210320 TI - Clinical manifestations of congenital insensitivity of the hand and classification of syndromes. AB - Lesions of the upper extremity, particularly of the hand, are common in congenital insensitivity syndromes. Five cases are described with findings including fractures, infections, stiffness of fingers, self-mutilation, and traumatic amputations. The best form of treatment is preventative, since reconstructive surgery has little to offer. If conservative efforts are of no avail, amputation of the part is, unfortunately, the best way to obtain satisfactory results. PMID- 6210321 TI - The identification of antigenic determinants by a coupled inhibition-agar diffusion method. AB - The determination of the chemical nature of immunodeterminant groups of carbohydrate antigens has been achieved by a micro method coupling inhibition and double diffusion in agar. This method has been tested with antigens which react with anti-lactose, anti-galactose, anti-N-acetyl-glucosamine and antirhamnose antibodies. The analysis can be performed with as little as 10 micrograms of inhibitor, 0.2 microgram of antigen and 10 micrograms of antibody. The procedure has also been used for the identification of the determinant groups of 2 antigens with a phosphoglycan structure. The determinants of these antigens have been found to be N-acetyl-beta-glucosamine 1-phosphate and beta-glucose 1-phosphate. The glycosyl 1-phosphate units are novel types of antigenic determinants and antigens with such determinants should be useful for investigating the interactions of antigens with homologous antibodies. The specificity of monoclonal antibodies directed at an O-antigen has been determined by use of the coupled method. PMID- 6210322 TI - TNP-enzyme conjugates for the detection of anti-TNP antibody producing cells in vivo. AB - After injection of TNP-KLH in mice and TNP-BGG-PEN in rabbits, anti-TNP antibody forming cells were observed in the spleen. When cryostat sections of the stimulated spleen were incubated with TNP-HRP conjugate, and then treated for HRP cytochemistry, the cytoplasm of anti-TNP-forming cells was stained red. When similar sections were incubated with TNP-AP conjugate, and then treated for AP cytochemistry, the cytoplasm of anti-TNP-forming cells was stained blue. After simultaneous incubation with TNP-AP conjugate and PEN-HSA-HRP conjugate, followed by treatment for HRP cytochemistry and AP cytochemistry, anti-TNP-forming cells with a blue cytoplasm and anti-PEN-forming cells with a red cytoplasm could be distinguished in the same spleen section. PMID- 6210323 TI - A two-site sandwich radioimmunoassay of beta 2-microglobulin with monoclonal antibodies. AB - Among 21 batches of monoclonal antibodies raised against beta 2-microglobulin (anti-beta 2m), 6 reacted with soluble beta 2m, as well as with beta 2m present in association with HLA heavy chains on the surface of leukocytes. The remaining 15 anti-beta 2m antibodies bound with soluble beta 2m, but failed to react with beta 2m on the cell surface. No monoclonal anti-beta 2m antibodies revealed precipitin lines when they were tested against beta 2m in immunodiffusion. When 2 anti-beta 2m antibodies with different specificities were mixed together, however, they developed a precipitin line against beta 2m. Based on these observations, there was only 1 epitope on beta 2m that was available for the binding with a monoclonal anti-beta 2m antibody with either specificity. This allowed the development of a solid-phase radioimmunoassay in which beta 2m in test specimens was sandwiched between immobilized anti-beta 2m of 1 specificity and radiolabeled anti-beta 2m of a heterologous specificity in a single step. Monoclonal antibodies with at least 2 different specificities would be required for developing a sandwich-type immunoassay of polypeptides, such as beta 2m, that do not display 2 or more epitopes of the same specificity. PMID- 6210324 TI - Demonstration of anti-keratin antibodies by ELISA using keratin or thiol containing compounds in urea as antigens. AB - During the development of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the demonstration of anti-keratin antibodies (AKA) it was observed that rabbit anti keratin antisera also reacted with polystyrene surfaces treated with beta mercaptoethanol in 8 M urea (ME-urea). Sera from non-immunized rabbits or rabbits immunized with antigens unrelated to keratin failed to react. The specificity of the reaction was further assessed by absorption experiments and by testing affinity-purified AKA. IgM activity against ME-urea could be demonstrated in 62.5% of sera from patients with infectious mononucleosis and in 37.5% of sera from patients with rheumatoid arthritis, and there was a good correlation to the presence of AKA. Coating of the solid phase with compounds containing free SH groups in 4-8 M urea generated the antigen of this ELISA. The exact molecular configuration of this presumptive synthetic antigen is obscure, but the ME-urea ELISA seems to provide a simple way to detect anti-keratin antibodies of a certain specificity. PMID- 6210325 TI - [Endourethral resection of prostatic adenoma]. PMID- 6210326 TI - Involucrin in squamous and basal cell carcinomas of the skin: an immunohistochemical study. AB - Involucrin is a precursor of cross-linked protein of human stratum corneum, and its appearance in the upper layers of the epidermis is a function of the normal differentiation of the keratinocyte. Cases of basal cell and squamous cell carcinoma were evaluated for the presence of involucrin using immunoperoxidase techniques on paraffin sections. Basal cell carcinomas were negative for involucrin with staining restricted to squamous horn cysts, while squamous cell carcinomas stained strongly, particularly in large keratinized cells. Cases of squamous cell carcinoma in situ (Bowen's disease) revealed increased staining for involucrin with staining of dyskeratotic cells at all levels in the epithelium. Abnormal patterns of staining were also noted in non-neoplastic epidermis adjacent to carcinomas. Immunohistochemical staining for involucrin identifying abnormal or premature keratinization is a sensitive marker for dyskeratosis in squamous epithelia and may have applications in the histopathologic evaluation of skin specimens. PMID- 6210327 TI - Keratin intermediate filaments bear antigenic determinants for stratum corneum antibodies. AB - Stratum corneum (SC) antibodies are directed against antigens in the SC of the epidermis and are known to occur in all normal human sera. They have been shown by indirect immunofluorescence to be frequently associated with upper cytoplasmic (U-Cyt) antibodies. We have recently identified keratin intermediate filaments (KIF) as antigens for U-Cyt antibodies. In this study we investigated whether KIF also bear antigenic sites for SC antibodies. Normal human sera that contained SC and/or U-Cyt antibodies by indirect immunofluorescence were studied. Using immunoblot techniques 3 selected sera were shown to bind to high-molecular-weight (HMW) KIF proteins which had been extracted from 2 different epidermal cell preparations, that is, human callus or epidermis from which the SC had been removed by tape-stripping. The 3 test sera were absorbed on KIF which had been reconstituted in vitro from urea extracts from both epidermal substrates. As shown by indirect immunofluorescence, the SC and U-Cyt antibodies of all 3 sera were absorbed out with KIF from callus and with KIF from epidermis without SC. Immunoblot experiments, which are more sensitive than indirect immunofluorescence, demonstrated the absorption of anti-KIF protein antibodies of the 3 test sera on callus KIF and 2 of the sera on KIF obtained from epidermis without SC. This was shown by the lack of staining of the respective HMW KIF proteins with the postabsorption sera. With the third serum a marked reduction of antibody binding was found after absorption on KIF from epidermis without SC. These data indicate that KIF bear antigenic sites for SC antibodies. PMID- 6210328 TI - 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin induces hyperplasia in confluent cultures of human keratinocytes. AB - 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is the prototype for a group of halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons which can be potent modulators of growth and differentiation of epithelial tissues. TCDD causes chloracne and can act as a skin tumor promoter, but these actions have been demonstrated only in animals in which TCDD causes epidermal hyperplasia. Study of the hyperplastic response to TCDD has been hampered by lack of an in vitro model; all previous investigations indicated that TCDD had no in vitro effect on cell growth. We show here that nanomolar concentrations of TCDD cause hyperplasia in confluent cultures of human keratinocytes and suggest that this model system will be useful for analyzing mechanisms of TCDD-induced epithelial hyperplasia and genetic differences in responsiveness to TCDD. PMID- 6210330 TI - [Mixed mesodermal tumor of the uterus with production of alpha- fetoprotein (AFP)]. PMID- 6210329 TI - [Shift of placental alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes in the course of pregnancy]. AB - It is generally accepted that every placental protein shows its characteristics vicissitude pattern during pregnancy and that alkaline phosphatases (ALP) are subdivided into three kinds of isoenzymes, i.e.: tissue-unspecific, intestinal and termplacental ALPs. In this study, the changes in ALP isoenzyme profile throughout the course of pregnancy was studied by biochemistry, enzyme- and immuno-histochemistry, and the following results were obtained. In early pregnancy, ALP activity was composed mostly of tissue-unspecific ALP isoenzyme, and its activity revealed a peak value around 10 weeks of pregnancy as in the case of the hCG serum concentration. At the end of the second trimester of pregnancy, instead of tissue-unspecific isoenzyme, ALP activity was mainly composed of term placental ALP isoenzyme, but a very small amount of the isoenzyme was proved to exist in the villi at the 6th week of gestation. The above results were confirmed by morphological studies such as enzyme cytochemistry and immuno-cytochemistry. It was therefore concluded that at least two genes of ALP isoenzymes existed in the villi and that the regulation of gene activity changed during the course of pregnancy. Furthermore, since tissue unspecific ALP isoenzyme showed a pattern of change similar to that of serum hCG, the existence of a developmental phase-specific gene set was postulated. PMID- 6210331 TI - [Newly devised audio-visual education system for dental clinic demonstration]. PMID- 6210333 TI - Interchromatin granules in the dividing embryonic ectoderm cells of postimplantation rat embryos: an electron microscopic silver-staining study. PMID- 6210332 TI - Keratin antibody localization in head and neck tissues and neoplasms. AB - Immunohistochemical staining for keratin proteins may be useful as a diagnostic parameter in head and neck neoplasms. Our study evaluates the keratin antibody staining properties of normal tissues as well as neoplastic and non-neoplastic head and neck lesions from surgical procedures performed on 100 patients. The results indicate that the anti-keratin antibody technique can be helpful in several areas of head and neck pathology. PMID- 6210334 TI - Visualization of the cytoskeletal elements in tissue culture cells by bloc staining with hafnium chloride after rapid freezing and freeze-substitution fixation. PMID- 6210335 TI - Double staining available for stereoscopic observation of epoxy resin quetol 812 embedded semi-thin sections under the 200 kV transmission electron microscope. PMID- 6210336 TI - Lead in petrol and levels of lead in blood: scientific evidence and social policy. AB - Two aspects of the recent controversy about the health consequences of lead in petrol are considered. Firstly, the evidence is shown to be deficient, largely because the basic epidemiological principles of representative sampling, realistic measurement, and control of confounding variables were not followed so that valid conclusions cannot be drawn from most of the published studies. Secondly, the role of science appeared to be comprised by confusion between science per se and social policy. Relations between the two are explored, and it is concluded that confusing them reduces the contribution that science can make to effective social policy. PMID- 6210337 TI - A selective culture system for generating terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase positive (TdT+) lymphoid precursor cells in vitro. I. Description of the culture system. AB - A primary xenogeneic culture system has been devised that selectively generates undifferentiated TdT+ lymphoblasts from rat bone marrow under conditions that do not support the growth or maintenance of rat colony-forming unit-spleen (CFU-S) or granulocyte/macrophage colony-forming cells (GM-CFC). The culture system requires a mouse bone marrow feeder layer, and a serum supplement that has markedly reduced levels of cortisol. The growth of TdT+ cells can be significantly enhanced by the addition of mesodermalizing factors (e.g., fibroblast growth factor, guinea pig bone marrow extract) to the culture medium, and the serum supplement can be decreased by the addition of selenium, transferrin, and T3. The cultured TdT+ cells are antigenically "null" cells that further resemble their normal counterparts in bone marrow with respect to morphology, size, cortisone sensitivity, and pattern of TdT fluorescence. The TdT+ cells are generated with equal facility from bone marrow of normal and congenitally athymic rats, can be maintained in logarithmic growth for at least 10 mos by serial passage in vitro, and do not cause leukemia when infused into irradiated recipients. Although the lineage relationships of these immature lymphoid cells have not yet been established, our working hypothesis, based on preliminary evidence, is that the cultured TdT+ cells are primitive members of the T cell series. PMID- 6210338 TI - Antigenic analysis of gonococcal pili using monoclonal antibodies. AB - A bank of mouse monoclonal antibodies has been produced with reactivity to gonococcal pili to investigate epitopes of the pilus structural protein, pilin. Pili of Neisseria gonorrhoeae strains R10 and MS11 were used as immunogens to elicit 19 monoclonal antibodies reactive with the homologous pili type in ELISA. Of the 19 antibodies, 16 demonstrated type-specific reactivity and 3 were cross reactive with heterologous pili. Reactivity of the antibodies with the carboxyterminal, cyanogen bromide fragment (CB-3) of R10 pilin allowed their classification into three groups. The first group (10 antibodies) were R10 specific and equally reactive with the R10 CB-3 fragment. The second group (6) were also type specific but demonstrated poor reactivity with the CB-3 fragment. This suggested that the epitopes of the first group are linear, and those of the second group, nonlinear. The third group (3), consisting of the cross-reactive antibodies, were not reactive with the CB-3 fragment. Two of the antibodies in group 3 were examined in detail to localize their epitopes. The epitope of one, 9B9/H5, was shown to be a linear determinant. This antibody was reactive with a fragment of MS11 pilin (residues 31-111) and to a synthetic peptide representing residues 69-84 in MS11 pilin. The epitope was more finely mapped, with shorter synthetic peptides conjugated to bovine serum albumin, to an eight amino acid segment (residues 69-76). The epitope of 1E8/G8, a strongly reactive antibody, proved elusive to this type of analysis and probably results from conformational restraints. The significance of species-specific epitopes in the pilin protein is discussed. PMID- 6210339 TI - Inhibition of antigen-specific T lymphocyte activation by structurally related Ir gene-controlled polymers. II. Competitive inhibition of I-E-restricted, antigen specific T cell responses. AB - Our previous studies have defined a highly specific competitive inhibition between a pair of structurally related antigens (GT and GAT) for antigen presentation by accessory cells. The present report investigates this phenomenon in a second antigenic system, which is controlled by a distinct Ir gene product. Two GL phi-specific, I-Ed-restricted, interleukin 2-producing T cell hybridomas were constructed. The antigenic fine specificity of these two hybrid clones was distinct. One hybrid reacted solely with GL phi while the second cross-reacted with GLleu and GLT. These latter two copolymers, as well as the antigen GL, were found to inhibit the GL phi response of the non-cross-reactive hybrid. The structurally related antigen G phi was not inhibitory for this clone's response. The cross-reactive GL phi hybrid could also be inhibited, but, in this case, G phi and not GL caused the inhibition. Reciprocal inhibitions could be demonstrated between these and other hybrids (e.g., GAT responsive), indicating a very high degree of specificity to the inhibition. The inhibition caused by the various copolymers was reversible by increasing the concentration of GL phi, This effect was localized to the antigen-presenting cell and not the T cell hybridoma. Functionally, this competition did not appear to be for antigen uptake or general antigen processing. These findings generalize the phenomenon of antigen competition to a second antigen system in the context of a second Ia molecule. The possible mechanisms accounting for the complex pattern of specificities in this system are discussed. PMID- 6210340 TI - A class II gene conversion event defines an antigen-specific Ir gene epitope. AB - To assess the role of Ia epitopes in conferring specificity for the immune response to nominal antigen, we compared the insulin response of mice with a defined mutation in the I-Ab beta gene, the B6.C-H-2bm12 (bm12), with that of wild-type H-2b C57BL/6 (B6) mice. We report that the bm 12 mutation resulted in a selective alteration of the specificity of insulin recognition, such that bm 12 mice responded upon immunization with sheep but not beef insulin, which differ by only one amino acid at position 9 of the insulin A chain. Thus, the bm12 mutation allows for the definition of the actual nucleotide sequence coding for an Ia epitope that is responsible for controlling the specificity of immune recognition of insulin. Furthermore, we show that the sheep insulin response of H-2k mice is controlled by the E molecule and that sheep insulin can be recognized by primed bm12 and H-2k T cells in the context of either bm12, B10.A, or B10.A(5R) antigen presenting cells. Our data suggest that the mechanism for the bm12 mutation was the intergenic transfer of a hypervariable region in the first domain that is identical in the I-Abm12 beta, I-Eb beta, and I-Ek beta genes. PMID- 6210341 TI - Amidolytic and immuno-nephelometric determination of alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor and alpha 2-macroglobulin in serum with calculation of specific inhibitor activities in health and disease. AB - In sera of healthy persons (n = 50) and patients with a variety of diseases (n = 197) the two major proteinase inhibitors, alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor (alpha 1 antitrypsin) and alpha 2-macroglobulin, were measured by two methods: a chromogenic (amidolytic) substrate assay to assess the functional activities, and a laser nephelometric method to determine the immunoreactive concentrations of the respective proteins. The specific proteinase inhibitor activities defined as the number of inhibitor units per g inhibitor protein were calculated. The precision and accuracy of both assays were found to be similar, showing a satisfactory correlation of results for the sera of healthy persons (r = 0.916 for alpha 2-macroglobulin and 0.988 for alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor). In diseased individuals the correlation was lower than in normal persons (0.862 for alpha 2-macroglobulin and 0.907 for alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor). A poor correlation was obtained in patients with liver diseases (r = 0.586 for alpha 1 proteinase inhibitor and 0.852 for alpha 2-macroglobulin). Reference ranges were established for functional and immunological concentrations and for specific inhibitor activities, respectively. Normal values followed a Gaussian distribution. In patients with various diseases including those with acute phase response, the specific inhibitor activities of alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor are reduced significantly; this is because inhibitor activity shows a smaller relative increase than immunoreactivity. Among the various diseases, no significant differences were noted. The specific inhibitor activity of alpha 2 macroglobulin changed significantly only in patients with carcinoma, liver diseases and trauma. Follow up of some patients shows also intraindividual variation of specific proteinase inhibitor activities. PMID- 6210342 TI - Measles antibodies, anti-proteinase and plasminogen distribution in serum and plasma from patients affected with multiple sclerosis and patients affected with non-neurological diseases. AB - Total protein content, alpha 1-antitrypsin, alpha 2-macroglobulin and plasminogen levels and measles antibody titers were determined in serum and plasma from patients affected with multiple sclerosis and patients affected with non neurological diseases. The results were compared with those from a control group of healthy donors. Both multiple sclerosis patients and patients affected with non-neurological diseases differed from controls for the following parameters: total protein, plasminogen and measles antibody activity. However, when studied longitudinally the different parameters were not altered to the same degree in multiple sclerosis and non-neurological diseases, a fact which is translated in the difference of significance levels. Individual plasminogen values were very often higher in non-neurological diseases than in multiple sclerosis, whereas for increased measles antibody titers it was the reverse. Also, there were no notable changes in alpha 1-antitrypsin and alpha 2-macroglobulin values in multiple sclerosis, whereas in some non-neurological disease patients particularly high alpha 1-antitrypsin and alpha 2-macroglobulin values were observed. In the multiple sclerosis patients, no correlations existed between the duration of the disease and disturbed biochemical parameters, or between the disturbed parameters themselves. PMID- 6210343 TI - Establishment of a system suitable for analysis of balanced and unbalanced growth of Streptomyces hygroscopicus. AB - A small-scale system was developed in which balanced growth of Streptomyces hygroscopicus occurred. Although the balanced growth, verified by corresponding increase of ATP, DNA, RNA, protein and mycelial length, was restricted to a relatively short period of the life cycle, it lasted for at least two doublings. The conditions for balanced growth could be altered by various treatments to induce imbalance. This system could be applied to study regulation in the mycelium under well-defined conditions. PMID- 6210344 TI - Effect of serine hydroxamate and methyl alpha-D-glucopyranoside treatment on nucleoside polyphosphate pools, RNA and protein accumulation in Streptomyces hygroscopicus. AB - The accumulation of RNA and protein and the kinetics of nucleoside triphosphate and guanosine polyphosphate pools during amino acid starvation and carbon source downshift were investigated in Streptomyces hygroscopicus. RNA accumulation was controlled stringently during both amino acid starvation and carbon source downshift. The pool size of ppGpp increased dramatically under these conditions. However, the intracellular concentrations of nucleoside triphosphates were low and the concentration of guanosine polyphosphates was much lower than in Escherichia coli. The possible significance of this phenomenon in the regulation is discussed. PMID- 6210345 TI - Comparison of dengue viruses and some other flaviviruses by cDNA-RNA hybridization analysis and detection of a close relationship between dengue virus serotype 2 and Edge Hill virus. AB - Variable amounts of cDNA were synthesized in vitro from RNA extracted from several flaviviruses, including the four prototype dengue (DEN) virus serotypes. The synthesis was carried out using an oligo(dT) primer, suggesting the presence of a short poly(A) region at or near the 3' end of some flavivirus genomes. The DEN-1 and DEN-2 prototype strains produced the largest amount of cDNA and were therefore used to investigate further the relatedness of flavivirus genomes by cDNA-RNA hybridization. The flaviviruses studied are related to each other to some extent since the hybrids formed exhibited about 30% S1 nuclease resistance, but a closer relationship was detected between dengue viruses of serotype 1 and 4 and between dengue virus serotype 2 and Edge Hill virus. A monoclonal antibody to the envelope protein (V3) of dengue viruses reacted with Edge Hill virus, confirming the genetic relationship between the viruses. PMID- 6210346 TI - Mutism following left hemisphere infarction. AB - A case of mutism due to left hemisphere infarction is described. Recovery revealed mild motor dysphasia. Review of the literature showed that the case resembles aphemia but is unique by virtue of its duration, and the absence of associated apraxia and paresis. PMID- 6210347 TI - Idiotypic-antiidiotypic interactions in humans. PMID- 6210349 TI - Is Thy-1 expressed only by ganglion cells and their axons in the retina and optic nerve? AB - The distribution of Thy-1 in the retina and optic nerve has been examined immunohistochemically, and compared to that of the astrocytic marker glial fibrillary acidic protein. The axons and cell bodies of ganglion cells were found to be Thy-1 positive as were processes within the inner plexiform layer. Transection of the optic nerve in the neonatal rat results in the rapid degeneration of the ganglion cells but some Thy-1 staining remains in the inner plexiform layer. We have estimated using an immunoassay of normal and optic nerve transected retinae that about 70% of the Thy-1 in the retina is on ganglion cells and their axons and the remainder is on cells which contribute processes to the inner plexiform layer, presumably amacrine, bipolar or Muller cells. In the optic nerve the Thy-1 was found to be limited to the fascicles of optic nerve fibres and the intrafascicular spaces, containing astrocytes and their processes, were not stained. Axotomy of the adult nerve, which produced axonal degeneration and astrocytic proliferation, led to a loss of over 95% of the Thy-1 from the nerve. We found no evidence that the astrocytes of the retina or optic nerve were Thy-1 positive in normal animals or during degeneration. PMID- 6210348 TI - Ultrastructural and histochemical studies of the rat iris: identified neuronal inputs and supportive glia. AB - A detailed ultrastructural description was made of the rat iris with special emphasis on nerve fibre populations and their supportive glial cells. The location and identity of different autonomic (sympathetic and parasympathetic) and sensory nerves was further studied by monoamine histofluorescence, acetylcholinesterase histochemistry, immunohistochemistry for substance P and neurofilament, and Linder's silver staining. Schwann cells were defined with immunohistochemical techniques using antiserum to glial fibrillary acidic protein. By correlation of these morphological techniques, the relative proportion of different neuronal inputs and their glial constituents in various parts of the rat iris could be determined. The sympathetic and parasympathetic unmyelinated fibres showed the well-known preferential localization in the posterior part, approaching the smooth muscle cells and chromatophores in the dilator muscle. Larger arterioles in the anterior loose stroma of the iris were in close proximity to sympathetic fibres as indicated by monoamine histofluorescence. Sensory trigeminal nerves were visualized both with Linder's silver staining and neurofilament immunohistochemistry. Large myelinated axon bundles in the anterior part of the iris were clearly seen, and thin unmyelinated fibres were scattered throughout the anterior and posterior parts. Unmyelinated substance P-containing fibres were scattered preferentially in the anterior part of the iris, without close association with blood vessels. Distribution of supportive cells, indicated by means of immunofluorescence with antiserum against glial fibrillary acidic protein, appeared largely similar to that of neurofilament-positive nerve fibres. In the sphincter muscle, cholinesterase positive nerve fibres were densely packed and adrenergic fibres as well as sensory, neurofilament- and substance P-containing fibres were sparse but distributed throughout the muscle. Accompanying glial cells positive for glial fibrillary acidic protein were also found. PMID- 6210350 TI - Brain metastases and testicular tumors: need for aggressive therapy. AB - In late 1974, the combination of cisplatin, vinblastine, and bleomycin (PVB) became the standard chemotherapeutic regimen for treatment of disseminated nonseminomatous germ cell testicular tumors (NSGCT) at Indiana University Hospital. A retrospective analysis of the treatment records of all patients with brain metastases from NSGCTs treated at the Indiana University Radiation Oncology Department from 1975 through 1982 was undertaken. These 22 patients were divided into four groups. Group 1 (n = 5) consisted of those patients who presented initially with brain metastases and had no prior systemic treatment. Group 2 (n = 4) were referred to Indiana University after failing systemic therapy other than PVB chemotherapy. Group 3 (n = 5) consisted of those patients who after achieving a complete response with PVB developed a relapse confined to the brain. Group 4 (n = 8) consisted of those patients who were initially treated with PVB and eventually developed progressive disease and brain metastases. The survival by group is 80%, 0%, 60%, and 0%, respectively, with the overall survival for the entire group being 31.8%. All patients currently alive have a range of follow-up of 22 to 96 months from diagnosis and 12 to 83 months from whole brain irradiation (WBRT). Group 1 was treated with PVB +/- doxorubicin plus WBRT. Group 3 was treated with surgical excision, when feasible, followed by WBRT and platinum-containing chemotherapy. Group 2 and 4 were usually treated with palliative intent WBRT. The CNS is a site of sanctuary from PVB. Patients with brain metastases who may achieve a complete response should be treated with curative intent and receive aggressive WBRT (5,000 rad/25 fractions) with concomitant chemotherapy. PMID- 6210351 TI - Outcomes and complications of continuous intraspinal narcotic analgesia for cancer pain control. AB - Preliminary reports of continuous intraspinal morphine analgesia have been enthusiastic regarding the resultant cancer pain control. Reports of continuous intraspinal infusion have not documented the duration of useful analgesia, need for concomitant analgesic therapies, or complication rates. Thus, the overall outcomes and complications of six chronic intrathecal and eight epidural morphine infusions were analyzed in the first 14 cancer pain patients implanted with continuous intraspinal morphine infusion reservoirs at this clinic. A five-point scale was used to assess the analgesic therapy required to maintain pain control during three consecutive intervals of intraspinal morphine infusion (zero to two months, two to six months, after six months). Comparison with pre-implant narcotic requirements revealed equal or reduced narcotic use for up to six months of therapy, with a definite trend toward escalation of intraspinal narcotics, systemic analgesia, and adjunctive procedures after two months. This occurred most likely due to narcotic tolerance and disease progression. Failure of pain control was the rule with continuous intraspinal morphine after six months. Three patients ultimately required neurolytic blocks. No clear difference was found in pain control requirements between epidural and intrathecal morphine infusion. No infection or respiratory depression occurred as a direct result of the intraspinal morphine implanted system. PMID- 6210352 TI - Hypertrophic effect of unavailable carbohydrate on cecum and colon in rats. AB - The effects of unavailable carbohydrate on the cecum and colon were investigated in rats raised on diets containing 20% of glucomannan or cellulose for 8 weeks. Glucomannan ingestion caused the increase of cecum and colon weights, and the effect was greater in the cecum than in the colon. However, on ingestion of cellulose, a remarkable increase in tissue weight was observed in the colon rather than in the cecum. Measurement of DNA, RNA and protein in cecal and colonic mucosa demonstrated that the cecal enlargement caused by glucomannan was dependent on the increases in both number and size of mucosal cells, and that the cecal and colonic enlargements caused by cellulose and the colonic enlargement caused by glucomannan resulted from an increase in the number of mucosal cells; i.e., hyperplasia. (Na + K)ATPase activity of the cecal and colonic mucosa in the cellulose and glucomannan groups was significantly higher than that in the control group. Thus, (Na + K)ATPase activity was increased proportionally to the intensity of the process of tissue enlargement. PMID- 6210353 TI - Endoscopic laser therapy in the palliative treatment of colorectal carcinoma. A case report. PMID- 6210354 TI - Maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein (MSAFP) and fetal growth. AB - Early mid-trimester screening of maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein (MSAFP) for the detection of neural tube defects is becoming a routine part of obstetrical care. In singleton pregnancies in the absence of fetal chromosomal abnormalities and anatomical anomalies high levels of AFP have been variably related to increased risk for low birthweight infant outcome. The overall relationship, if any, of maternal serum AFP to infant birthweight has, however, not been previously characterized. Between 15 and 20 weeks gestation, MSAFP values were determined for 110 women carrying single, anatomically and karyotypically normal fetuses. Statistical analysis utilizing polynomial and multilinear regression was used to determine the relationship of early mid-trimester MSAFP first to neonatal birthweight and then to gestational age and birthweight adjusted for gestational age. For every increase of one multiple of the median in MSAFP, neonatal birthweight fell 322 grams. This was accounted for almost entirely by decreased fetal growth; early mid-trimester MSAFP was linearly related to birthweight adjusted for gestational age ten times more strongly than to gestational age alone. The explanation for this relationship remains speculative, but the utility of routine AFP screening for the antenatal detection of intrauterine growth retardation certainly deserves further study. PMID- 6210355 TI - Development of an intravenous formulation for the unstable investigational cytotoxic nucleosides 5-azacytosine arabinoside (NSC 281272) and 5-azacytidine (NSC 102816). AB - In aqueous solutions 5-azacytosine arabinoside (aza-A) (NSC 281272) exhibits complex and rapid degradation of a type analogous to 5-azacytidine (aza-C) (NSC 102816). Consequently, it is not amenable for use as slow i.v. infusions. This study has determined that both compounds are relatively stable in dry dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) or dimethylacetamide (DMA). In mixed aqueous-organic solvents, as the water content is reduced the rate of degradation is decreased. Based on these findings, aza-A may be dissolved in DMSO at 100 mg ml-1, sterile filtered, and sealed in ampoules. The contents appear to be adequately stable at 4 degrees C, and may at the time of use be diluted with water to yield a 70% DMSO solution which retains greater than 90% potency for 24 h at 25 degrees C and is compatible with commercially available i.v. infusion tubing. The diluted solution may be added in-line to a flowing i.v. vehicle, resulting in a physiologically acceptable solution in which the drug is unstable (t90 2 h). Its short residence time before reaching the bloodstream precludes any significant loss. PMID- 6210356 TI - Anti-inflammatory action of drugs that raise adenosine-3',5'-cyclic monophosphate and putrescine levels in-vivo. AB - Isoprenaline and salbutamol, two beta-adrenoceptor agonist drugs, and 3-isobutyl methyl xanthine and thioacetamide have been shown to be anti-inflammatory. Their mode of action is probably due to an increase in the levels of the three endogenous substances adenosine-3',5'-cyclic monophosphate and putrescine and spermidine in-vivo. PMID- 6210357 TI - Long-term facilitation of peptidergic transmission by catecholamines in guinea pig inferior mesenteric ganglia. AB - Intracellular recordings were obtained from neurones of isolated guinea-pig inferior mesenteric ganglia. Repetitive stimulation (10-20 Hz for 1-2 s) of the hypogastric nerves evoked, in addition to the fast excitatory post-synaptic potential (e.p.s.p.), a non-cholinergic e.p.s.p. the mediator of which has previously been suggested to be substance P or a related peptide. When applied to the ganglia in the concentrations of 1-100 microM for 3-5 min, adrenaline, isoprenaline and noradrenaline produced an initial, short-lasting depression which was followed by a marked augmentation of the non-cholinergic e.p.s.p. lasting from minutes to over hours. Employed in comparable concentrations dopamine caused a slight depression that was not followed by a detectable increase of the non-cholinergic e.p.s.p. The catecholamine-induced depression and subsequent enhancement of the non-cholinergic e.p.s.p. was prevented by alpha adrenergic antagonists (dihydroergotamine and phenoxybenzamine, 1-10 microM) and beta-adrenergic antagonists (propranolol and dichlorisoprenaline, 5-10 microM), respectively. The membrane depolarization induced by the putative transmitter substance P (1 microM) was augmented by isoprenaline; the enhancement which could be blocked by beta-antagonists was not preceded by a depression. Application of dibutyryl cyclic AMP (10 microM-1 mM) by either superfusion or intracellular ionophoresis mimicked the enhancing effect of catecholamines. It is concluded that catecholamines, with the noticeable exception of dopamine, exerted a biphasic effect on the non-cholinergic e.p.s.p. of the inferior mesenteric ganglion cells: an initial depression that was mediated by alpha-adrenergic receptors and probably reflected a presynaptic inhibitory effect of catecholamines and, on the other hand, an enduring facilitation mediated by beta adrenergic receptors which appeared to be linked to activation of post-ganglionic cyclic AMP. PMID- 6210358 TI - Innervation of the muscularis mucosae of canine proximal colon. AB - The innervation of the muscularis mucosae of the canine large intestine was studied in vitro using superfusion and radioimmunological techniques. In the majority of preparations, electrical field stimulation (10 V, 200 microseconds, 10 Hz) elicited a biphasic neurogenic response which consisted of a contraction followed, after cessation of the stimulus, by relaxation. Electrical field stimulation released VIP-, substance P- and bombesin-like immunoreactivity. Release of these peptides and the biphasic response to nerve stimulation were blocked by tetrodotoxin and a 'calcium-free' solution. Several observations suggest that neuronally released substance P (or a closely related peptide) mediated the contraction by a direct action on the muscle. The contraction caused by substance P was tetrodotoxin insensitive. Desensitization to substance P abolished the excitatory response to nerve stimulation. The contraction elicited by nerve stimulation was blocked by substance P antiserum. Several observations suggest that bombesin or a closely related peptide caused contraction of the muscle by releasing substance P from intramural neurones. Bombesin caused an increase in substance P-like immunoreactivity in the superfusate which was blocked by tetrodotoxin, as was the contraction; substance P antibodies blocked the contractile response to bombesin. In addition, while the excitatory response to electrical nerve stimulation was blocked by substance P antiserum, there was still an increase in bombesin-like immunoreactivity in the superfusate. The data also suggest that VIP or a closely related peptide might have mediated the relaxation by a direct action on the muscle. The inhibitory response to nerve stimulation was mimicked by VIP and abolished by VIP antiserum. PMID- 6210359 TI - Genetic factors in affective illness. AB - Research strategies for determining genetic vulnerability markers in affective illness are delineated. Using these strategies, recent developments in the biology of manic-depressive illness are discussed, including results from association and linkage studies, pharmacologic challenge protocols, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) data. Several lines of evidence suggest that one genetically determined vulnerability to affective disorder may be a cholinergic supersensitivity, possibly mediated through increased numbers of cholinergic receptors. PMID- 6210360 TI - Markers in psychoses: studies from India. AB - Genetic considerations are important in studying the pathogenesis of the psychoses. There are few reports from India, however, which have pursued a "biological marker" approach to functional illness of this type. A review of such few studies as do exist is presented to add to contemporary knowledge in the area. Recommendations are also made for evolving newer research strategies. PMID- 6210361 TI - Physiological and pathological influences of central nervous system on the immune system: a critical appraisal. AB - There is considerable evidence of intricate links between central nervous and immune systems. This paper makes a critical assessment of these relationships. Recent experimental data on hypothalamic influences on Natural Killer activity in mice have been presented and the problems met with in defining causal nexuses discussed. Some information on immune reactivity in patients with mental disorders has briefly been reviewed. PMID- 6210362 TI - Endocrine influence on disease outcome: experimental findings and implications. AB - The psychosocial environment may impose stressor effects on animal and man. Adaptation to these environmental changes requires behavioural, autonomic, neuroendocrine, metabolic, etc. processes. The neuroendocrine system plays a key role in the integration of these processes. Experimental evidence obtained in the rat suggests that neuropeptides related to ACTH, endogenous opioids and their fragments, vasopressin, etc., but also oestrogens may selectively influence the form and magnitude of acute cardiac response to emotional stressors. Dichotomies between the behavioural and cardiac responses may occur too. It is suggested that neuroendocrine action on brain mechanisms that are involved in the organization of behavioural and bodily responses to stressors are important in physiological adaptation. Neuroendocrine disturbances (two much or too little neuropeptides and other hormones) may thereby contribute to the outcome of psychosomatic diseases. PMID- 6210363 TI - Ovulation and LH secretion in the goat after intravaginal progestagen sponge-PMSG treatment. AB - The time and rate of ovulation, and preovulatory release of LH were examined in Angora goats after treatment with progestagen-impregnated intravaginal sponges with or without PMSG during the anoestrous and breeding seasons. The administration of PMSG was necessary to stimulate a satisfactory ovulatory response in lactating and non-lactating females, and in the anoestrous and breeding seasons. Increasing doses of PMSG increased the ovulation rate in non lactating goats and advanced the time of ovulation in lactating and non-lactating females. The advancement of time of ovulation and of the preovulatory LH surge was most pronounced when PMSG was administered 48 h before rather than at sponge removal. PMID- 6210364 TI - Diagnostic value of antikeratin antibodies in rheumatoid arthritis. AB - The value of testing for antikeratin antibodies (AKA) in the diagnosis of rheumatic diseases was investigated. AKA were found in the serum of 71 (54%) of 131 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) (including 10 rheumatoid factor (RF) negative individuals) but only in 7 (2%) of 266 patients with non-RA rheumatic diseases, in 2 (3%) of 69 patients with miscellaneous immunological diseases and in one of 100 healthy controls. AKA positivity in RA patients correlated with their age and the presence of RF, antinuclear antibodies, subcutaneous nodules, as well as the extent and severity of systemic disease manifestations. Our study suggests that determination of AKA would be of value in the assessment of patients suspected of having RA. PMID- 6210365 TI - Mast cells and angiogenesis. PMID- 6210366 TI - Kyrle-Flegel's--one or two diseases? PMID- 6210368 TI - The chimpanzee as a model to test the side effects of human interferons. AB - Interferon are naturally occurring proteins that are currently under evaluation as potential antiviral and antitumor agents. Currently all human interferons can in principle be produced in adequate amounts by recombinant DNA technology. Human interferons produce side effects, but because they are species-specific the toxicity cannot be tested in lower mammals. The chimpanzee is the only species in which the side effects of human interferon can be reproduced, and only in this species the toxicity of human interferons can be screened. PMID- 6210367 TI - Autoantibodies reactive with small ribonucleoprotein antigens: a convergence of molecular biology and clinical immunology. AB - Autoantibodies to nuclear antigens (ANA) occur in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and other multisystem autoimmune diseases. Although heterogeneous, there are 2 major groups, autoantibodies to DNA and autoantibodies to non-DNA antigens, the latter including ANAs to the soluble or "extractable nuclear antigens" (ENA). This review discusses those ENAs which are ribonucleoproteins (RNPs) consisting of small RNA molecules (80-400 nucleotides) attached to non-histone proteins: these are called small nuclear (sn) or small cytoplasmic (sc) ribonucleoproteins according to their location in the cell and at least some are known to play an important role in nuclear metabolism. ENAs can be immunoprecipitated from crude preparations of nuclei by sera from patients with multisystem autoimmune diseases and, after removal of the associated proteins, the RNA components can be analyzed by gel electrophoresis. This shows 3 main categories of small RNAs: the U group comprising U1-U6 snRNAs, the Ro group comprising small nucleocytoplasmic RNAs, and the La group comprising several species of cellular snRNAs as well as the Ro scRNAs. La, in addition, includes small RNAs encoded by adenovirus (VA I, VA II), Epstein-Barr virus (EBER 1, EBER 2) and vesicular stomatitis virus (leader RNA). In the case of each group, the RNAs themselves are not antigenic but become so when associated with proteins, most of which are uncharacterized. The U snRNAs, located in the nucleus, are transcribed by RNA polymerase II and appear to be involved in the splicing of introns from mRNA. Sera from patients with mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD) react with RNPs containing U1 RNA and sera from patients with SLE react with U RNPs containing U1, U2, U4, U5 and U6 RNAs, collectively known as the Sm antigen. The Ro RNAs are transcribed by RNA polymerase III and have no known function. Sera from patients with primary Sjogren's syndrome and some cases of SLE react with Ro scRNPs. The La RNAs are also transcribed by RNA polymerase III and are located mostly in the nucleus; functionally the protein associated with the La RNAs appears to be important in RNA polymerase III transcription. Sera from patients with primary Sjogren's syndrome react with the heterogeneous group of both cellular and viral RNAs which constitute the La RNP antigen. Sera of patients with SLE, scleroderma, polymyositis and dermatomyositis also react with RNPs relevant to nuclear metabolism and further definition of these RNPs is awaited. Many advances can be expected from the convergence of molecular biology and clinical immunology exemplified by the current studies on ENAs.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6210369 TI - Torsional motion of eosin-labeled F-actin as detected in the time-resolved anisotropy decay of the probe in the sub-millisecond time range. AB - The internal motion of F-actin in the time range from 10(-6) to 10(-3) second has been explored by measuring the transient absorption anisotropy of eosin-labeled F actin using laser flash photolysis. The transient absorption anisotropy of eosin F-actin at 20 degrees C has a component that decays in the submicrosecond time scale to an anisotropy of about 0.3. This anisotropy then decays with a relaxation time of about 450 microseconds to a residual anisotropy of about 0.1 after 2 ms. When the concentration of eosin-F-actin was varied in the range from 7 to 28 microM, the transient absorption anisotropy curves obtained were almost indistinguishable from each other. These results show that the anisotropy decay arises from internal motion of eosin-F-actin. Analysis of the transient absorption anisotropy curves indicates that the internal motion detected by the decay in anisotropy is primarily a twisting of actin protomers in the F-actin helix; bending of the actin filament makes a minor contribution only to the measured decay. The torsional rigidity calculated from the transient absorption anisotropy is 0.2 X 10(-17) dyn cm2 at 20 degrees C, which is about an order of magnitude smaller than the flexural rigidity determined from previous studies. Thus, we conclude that F-actin is more flexible in twisting than in bending. The calculated root-mean-square fluctuation of the torsional angle between adjacent actin protomers in the actin helix is about 4 degrees at 20 degrees C. We also found that the torsional rigidity is approximately constant in the temperature range from 5 to approximately 35 degrees C, and that the binding of phalloidin does not appreciably affect the torsional motion of F-actin. PMID- 6210370 TI - Kinetic role of a meta-stable native-like two-disulphide species in the folding transition of bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor. AB - The properties have been determined of a recently identified form of bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor, with only two of the three disulphide bonds of the native protein, but possessing a native-like conformation. The kinetics of refolding of the reduced inhibitor were re-measured to elucidate the kinetic role in folding of this two-disulphide species; it is formed both directly from a minor one-disulphide intermediate and by rearrangement of the other two disulphide intermediates. It is not a productive intermediate because the Cys30 and Cys51 thiols are buried and unreactive. The previous kinetic analysis was extended by using both intra- and intermolecular disulphide reagents. Entirely consistent kinetic parameters for the rates of all the intramolecular steps of the pathway were obtained, and use of both types of reagents permits a detailed dissection of the kinetic pathway. In the process, the energetics of the folding transition were measured more thoroughly. The unique information available about the formation and stabilities of the disulphides during refolding of reduced bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor provides a useful description of the way in which numerous weak interactions within a protein co-operate to produce a stable folded conformation. PMID- 6210371 TI - Folding pathway of a circular form of bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor. AB - The pathway of unfolding and refolding of a circular form of bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor, in which the termini were linked together in a peptide bond, has been examined by trapping and identifying the disulphide-containing intermediates, as was done previously for the unmodified protein. The folding pathway of the circular protein was essentially the same as that of the unmodified inhibitor, although there were differences in the distribution of intermediates that accumulated and in the rates of some steps. The effects of the cross-link between the termini on the stabilities of the folding intermediates and the native state were determined by measuring the rates of the interconversions making up the folding transition, and comparing them with those measured for the unmodified protein. The major effect of the cross-link was to stabilize an intermediate containing two native disulphides, (30-51, 14-38), but lacking the disulphide nearest the termini, 5-55. The native conformation was not measurably stabilized by the cross-link, in spite of the expected reduction of entropy of the unfolded state, indicating that the native state of the circular protein had a slightly strained conformation. The stabilities of the major one disulphide intermediates were not significantly affected by the cross-link, suggesting that the termini of bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor do not tend to interact during the early stage of folding. PMID- 6210372 TI - Chemical probing of conformation in large RNA molecules. Analysis of 16 S ribosomal RNA using diethylpyrocarbonate. AB - Peattie & Gilbert (1980) have described an accurate and rapid gel method for assessing conformation of individual nucleotides in RNA, based on chemical modification of bases and aniline-induced strand scission. In order to extend this approach to analysis of large RNA molecules, we introduce the use of hybridization of modified RNA with DNA restriction fragments to generate RNA fragments of defined length. In principle, this permits chemical probing of conformation at any position of any RNA molecule for which a cloned DNA coding sequence is available. To illustrate the utility of this method, we use diethylpyrocarbonate to probe the reactivities of adenine residues in Escherichia coli 16 S rRNA under "native" (80 mM-potassium cacodylate (pH 7.0), 20 mM-MgCl2, 300 mM-KCl) and "quasi-secondary" (80 mM-potassium cacodylate (pH 7.0), 1 mM EDTA) conditions. This study shows that: (1) there is generally good agreement between diethylpyrocarbonate reactivities of adenine residues in naked 16 S rRNA and a secondary structure model based on comparative sequence analysis; of 309 adenine residues probed under native conditions, only four strongly reactive residues are found in helices in the model. (2) Candidates for possible tertiary interactions are identified as adenine residues that are unpaired in the model and unreactive toward diethylpyrocarbonate under native conditions but reactive under quasi-secondary conditions. (3) An unexpectedly stable structure has been identified in the region between positions 109 and 279, where many adenine residues remain unreactive even at 90 degrees C in 80 mM-potassium cacodylate, 1 mM-EDTA. This may correspond to a structural "core" that is important for early events in ribosome assembly. PMID- 6210373 TI - Structure of bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor. Results of joint neutron and X ray refinement of crystal form II. AB - The structure of form II crystals of bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor has been investigated by joint refinement of X-ray and neutron data. Crystallographic R factors for the final model were 0.200 for the X-ray data extending to 1 A resolution and 0.197 for the 1.8 A neutron data. This model was strongly restrained, with 0.020 A root-mean-square (r.m.s.) departure of bond lengths from their ideal values and 0.019 A r.m.s. departure of planar groups from planarity. The resulting structure was very similar to that of crystal form I (r.m.s. deviation for main chain atoms was 0.40 A); nevertheless larger deviations were observed in particular regions of the chain. Twenty out of 63 ordered water molecules occupy similar positions (deviation less than 1 A) in both models. Eleven amide hydrogens were found to be protected from exchange after three months of soaking the crystals in deuterated mother liquor at pH 8.2. Their locations were in excellent agreement with the results obtained by two dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance, but the rates of exchange are much lower in the crystalline state. PMID- 6210374 TI - Processing of the large rRNA precursor: two proposed categories of RNA-RNA interactions in eukaryotes. AB - The 5.8S RNA gene of eukaryotes is separated from the 26-28S rRNA gene by the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS 2). A compilation of known ITS 2 sequences is presented here. Four characteristic features of the ITS 2 primary structure are shared by all vertebrates. In contrast, lower eukaryotes lack most of these features, suggesting that the excision of the ITS 2 transcript during processing may differ between vertebrates and lower eukaryotes. Since the transcripts of rRNA ITS 2 and mRNA introns share some similarity, analogies have been made between the mechanisms of their removal during RNA maturation. A model is proposed for hydrogen-bonding of U3 snRNA with the 5' end of the vertebrate ITS 2 transcript. This U3 snRNA-ITS 2 RNA interaction does not appear to be used in ITS 2 processing in lower eukaryotes. Instead, in lower eukaryotes a region within the ITS 2 itself has the potential to hydrogen-bond to the 5' end of the ITS 2 transcript. PMID- 6210375 TI - Monoclonal antibody to intermediate filament proteins in astrocytes. AB - A monoclonal antibody was developed using rat astrocytes purified in vitro as the starting antigenic material. Selection of the monoclonal was on the basis of astrocyte binding specificity in brain sections using indirect immunofluorescence techniques. The antibody (RBA2) that was chosen was specific for astrocytes in that it did not stain neurons or oligodendrocytes in frozen brain sections. It did, however, show binding to vascular smooth muscle and meningeal cells. The antigenic determinant(s) was determined to be on filaments of the intermediate size class in cultured astrocytes and fibroblasts. From analysis of binding patterns in various tissues and in immunoblots, it was found that RBA2 cross reacted strongly with glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and desmin. There was a weaker cross-reactivity to a vimentin-associated component. It is proposed that this antibody can be used as an astrocyte and blood vessel marker in brain sections, a vimentin marker in cultures and as a probe of intermediate filament composition and distribution. PMID- 6210376 TI - Ventricular arrhythmias in children: the validity of exercise stress tests for their diagnosis and management. AB - One hundred ninety-six children ranging in age from 4 years to 15 years with premature ventricular contraction (PVC) on a resting electrocardiogram (ECG) underwent exercise tests and 29 of them were found to have significant ventricular arrhythmias. They included 8 patients with 2 PVC's in row, 8 patients with 3-4 PVC's in row, and 13 patients with more than 5 PVC's in row (ventricular tachycardia: VT). These 29 patients were evaluated with exercise tests by two step exercise ECG (TSE) and by treadmill (TM), and with 24 hour continuous ECG monitoring (Holter monitoring). 141 ECG's, 77 TSE's, 77 TM's and 46 Holter monitoring were obtained in total, and the incidence of the each study revealing findings compatible with the final diagnosis was 3%, 15%, 51% and 26%, respectively. For detection of 2 PVC's in row, the sensitivity of TSE and TM was not different, but for picking up 3-4 PVC's in row and VT, TM was significantly superior to TSE. Among the VT patients, there were a few cases in whom neither TM nor Holter monitoring alone was sufficient to confirm the diagnosis. Children with symptoms suggestive of ventricular arrhythmias should be carefully evaluated with a combination of exercise tests and Holter monitoring. PMID- 6210377 TI - [Concentration of antibiotics in the prostate: cefmetazole]. AB - Sixteen patients who underwent transurethral resection of prostate preoperatively received intravenous injection of cefmetazole in a doses of 2 gram. Pharmacokinetic study revealed that concentration of cefmetazole in prostatic tissue well correlated to serum concentration with nearly the same half-life times. PMID- 6210378 TI - [Prophylactic cefmetazole in transurethral prostatectomy]. AB - Patients received 2 gram of cefmetazole, twice on the day of transurethral prostatectomy and the next day, once for the succeeding 2 days. Thirteen out of 34 cases showed significant preoperative bacteriuria. Only 3 of them persisted on the 5th day. Postoperative courses were uneventful in all cases with neither acute epididymitis nor significant fever. PMID- 6210379 TI - [Clinical study on therapeutic plasmapheresis--mechanism of its efficacy, indications, and the clinical application. g. Plasmapheresis for patients with advanced cancer]. PMID- 6210380 TI - [Clinical observation of diffuse renal accumulation of 99mTc-MDP]. PMID- 6210381 TI - Differential distribution of tolerogenic bovine gamma-globulin in lymphoid tissues. AB - Deaggregated, tolerogenic bovine gamma-globulin was traced after intravenous injection into DDD mice. Amount of organ-distributed tolerogen varied among lymphoid organs such as spleen, thymus, axillary lymph node and femur bone marrow, probably depending on the amount of blood supply. On the other hand, the tolerogen elimination rate (TER) in these organs was almost the same as TER in blood, the half life being 2.6 days. Although the TER of tissue-associated tolerogen and of cell-associated tolerogen were also almost the same as that in blood, relative amount of cell-associated tolerogen differed among organs, the antigen amounts being 77 times higher in lymph node cells and 4 times higher in spleen and bone marrow cells than in thymus cells. These results are discussed in relation to the difference in the tolerance inducibility among lymphoid organs reported previously. PMID- 6210382 TI - [Clinical evaluation of serum pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor (PSTI) in patients with malignant diseases]. PMID- 6210383 TI - [The biochemical properties of the macroamylases in three patients]. PMID- 6210384 TI - A simple R-banding technique by BrdU-Hoechst treatment and Giemsa staining following heating and ultraviolet exposure. PMID- 6210385 TI - [Educational technology. Operating room nursing (8). Recovery room nursing: respiratory care]. PMID- 6210386 TI - Active uptake system for substance P carboxy-terminal heptapeptide (5-11) into a fraction from rabbit enriched in glial cells. AB - In the present study, we demonstrated the existence of an active uptake system for substance P carboxy-terminal heptapeptide, (5-11)SP. When a fraction from rabbit brain enriched in glial cells was incubated with [3H] (5-11)SP, an uptake of [3H](5-11)SP was observed. The uptake system has the properties of an active transport mechanism. Kinetic analysis indicated two components of [3H](5-11)SP uptake, one representing a high and the other a low affinity transport system. After unilateral ablation of the striatum, approximately 30% of the high affinity [3H](5-11)SP uptake capacity of substantia nigra slices disappeared. The subcellular distribution of the high affinity uptake indicated that [3H] 5 hydroxytryptamine was taken up mostly into the P2B fraction (synaptosomal fraction), whereas [3H](5-11)SP was taken up into the P2A fraction (myelin fraction) to the same extent as into the P2B fraction. These results suggest that when SP is released from nerve terminals, it is hydrolysed into (5-11)SP, which is in turn accumulated into glial cells as well as nerve terminals and that this high affinity uptake mechanism may play an important role in terminating the synaptic action of SP. PMID- 6210387 TI - The enhancing effect of gelatin on aprotinin activity. AB - Following preincubation of aprotinin with gelatin, the inhibitory effect on the trypsin activity was enhanced under the same condition as in the case of enhanced antigen-antibody reaction of aprotinin in gel in the presence of gelatin. In the immunochemical titration of aprotinin, gelatin treatment decreased the value of the equivalence point of aprotinin. Immunoprecipitation of aprotinin preincubated with or without gelatin adjusted to equal activity per unit volume resulted in overlapping equivalence points. These data suggest that the increase in aprotinin activity in the presence of gelatin is due to increase in the active form of aprotinin. PMID- 6210388 TI - Depression of host-defence mechanisms following cardiac surgery. AB - The purpose of the present study was to determine the effects of open-heart surgery on host-defence mechanisms, by studying serial changes in serum immunoglobulins, circulating lymphocyte function in patients undergoing open heart surgery. Serum proteins and immunoglobulins were significantly depressed immediately after operation and these depressions were correlated to the degree of the durations of cardiopulmonary bypass and associated hypothermia. White cell counts in peripheral blood increased significantly after operation. In contrast, total circulating lymphocytes were depressed postoperatively. The depression of circulating lymphocytes was mainly due to a marked decrease in the number of T cells. Mitogen responses of lymphocytes stimulated by phytohemagglutinin were also depressed postoperatively. The quantitative and qualitative depression of cell-mediated immunity following open-heart surgery was observed. However, these depressions returned to preoperative levels in one week and had no clinical significance. PMID- 6210389 TI - A study of serologic relationships among non-cytopathogenic strains of bovine viral diarrhea-mucosal disease virus by reverse plaque technique. PMID- 6210390 TI - Protamine sulfate inhibition of serum-induced mitogenic responses: differential effects on normal and neoplastic cells. AB - Protamine sulfate reversibly inhibits serum-induced mitogenic stimulation of several nontransformed and neoplastic cell types in vitro. Fifty percent inhibition was induced by approximately 120-150 micrograms protamine sulfate/ml. Cells were affected directly, and inhibition depended on the duration of cell exposure. Heparin, chondroitin sulfate, heparan sulfate, and dextran sulfate neutralized protamine sulfate effects during the early stages of treatment. Nontransformed cells [bovine aortic endothelial cells, adult human gingival fibroblasts (strains 423 and 1101), fetal rat skin (strain 921-K) and muscle fibroblasts] required longer exposure to induce inhibition than did neoplastic cells [rat 3-methylcholanthrene-induced fibrosarcoma cell lines (MCA-6 and MCA 9), a macrophage-like cell line (NCTC-3749), Walker 256 rat carcinoma cells (ATCC CCL-38), rat Morris hepatoma cells (ATCC-CCL-144), murine melanoma cells (B16), and rat bladder squamous cell carcinoma cells (804-G)]. Other polycationic compounds, including histone type VIII-S, poly-L-lysine, poly-L-arginine, and protamine (free base), were also effective inhibitors, whereas the basic proteins cytochrome c and lysozyme had no effect. Poly-L-histidine, poly-L-glutamic acid, poly-L-aspartic acid, and dextran blue also had no inhibitory effect. PMID- 6210391 TI - [Basic studies on the cell-mediated immunity of the guinea pig]. PMID- 6210392 TI - [Value of standard electrocardiographic examination and different periods of ECG recording by the Holter method in the diagnosis of ventricular premature beats]. PMID- 6210393 TI - Systemic compliance, renal hemodynamics, and sodium excretion in hypertension. AB - Extracellular fluid volume (ECF), plasma volume (PV), glomerular filtration rate (GFR), renal plasma flow (RPF), efferent arteriolar oncotic pressure (pi E), sodium output (UNaV), and sodium clearance (CNa) were determined in 150 men including 50 normal controls (NC) and 100 sustained essential hypertensive patients (EH). Total effective vascular compliance (TEVC) and central venous pressure (CVP) were measured in 17 normotensives and 24 EH. EH had a decreased RPF and TEVC (P less than 0.001), while CVP and pi E were higher than in NC (P less than 0.001). ECF, GFR, UNaV, and CNa were identical in EH and NC. A positive correlation between RPF and CNa (P less than 0.01) and a negative correlation between pi E and CNa existed in both groups with a significant reset of the curve in EH: For any given RPF or pi E the CNa was higher in EH. In the overall population TEVC was negatively correlated with CVP (P less than 0.01) and pi E (P less than 0.01); CVP was positively correlated with pi E (P less than 0.01). The results suggest that physical properties of the low pressure system could participate in the natriuretic adaptation of the kidney in EH man. PMID- 6210394 TI - [Prevention of lymphogenous tumor metastasis (experimental-clinical study)]. PMID- 6210395 TI - Isolation and antiviral activities of the double-stranded RNA from Lentinus edodes (Shiitake). PMID- 6210396 TI - Immunopathological studies on retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). PMID- 6210397 TI - [Expedience of using digoxin in acute myocardial infarction]. PMID- 6210398 TI - [Cytochemical and immunologic characteristics of lymphocytes in lymphoproliferative diseases]. PMID- 6210399 TI - [Micromethod for determining the osmotic resistance of erythrocytes and glucose-6 phosphate dehydrogenase activity]. PMID- 6210400 TI - [Functional-metabolic activity of neutrophil granulocytes in donor blood as affected by oxygenation]. PMID- 6210401 TI - [Laser mass spectrometric method of studying biological tissues]. PMID- 6210402 TI - [Automated biochemical laboratory. IV. Automated inventory system for chemical reagents]. PMID- 6210403 TI - [Method of isolating and fractionating glycosaminoglycans from human blood cells]. PMID- 6210404 TI - [Study of atherogenic and anti-atherogenic lipoprotein lipids in lung diseases]. PMID- 6210405 TI - [Lipid peroxidation and methods of determining its products in biological media]. PMID- 6210406 TI - [Diagnostic value of determining medium molecules in destructive pathological processes]. PMID- 6210407 TI - [Value of studying plasma lipoproteins in the diagnosis of progressive muscular dystrophies]. PMID- 6210408 TI - [Blood serum cholinesterase activity in oncological diseases]. PMID- 6210409 TI - [New approach to assessing natural killer activity of human lymphocytes (analysis based on the principle of serial dilutions)]. PMID- 6210410 TI - [New microtest for assessing antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity based on the release of hemoglobin from lysed erythrocytes]. PMID- 6210411 TI - [Serologic identification of Escherichia coli isolated from suppurative-septic complications in oncological patients]. PMID- 6210412 TI - [Choice of the optimal technic for immunofluorescence staining using microfluorometry]. PMID- 6210413 TI - [Comparison of 2 nutrient media for the rapid isolation and determination of bifidobacteria]. PMID- 6210414 TI - [Use of thiamine-cystine-glutamine agar for isolating and cultivating meningococci]. PMID- 6210415 TI - [Use of Soviet papain for isoserologic studies]. PMID- 6210416 TI - [Clinical and diagnostic value of determining bile pigments]. PMID- 6210417 TI - [Capillary viscosimeter with a wide range of shear gradients and temperature control]. PMID- 6210418 TI - [Use of the BIAN-170 densitometer for analyzing lipoprotein electrophoregrams in polyacrylamide gel flat layers]. PMID- 6210419 TI - [Use of the levamisole test in patients with chronic pneumonia]. PMID- 6210420 TI - [Nephelometric method of controlling the preparation of microbial suspensions]. PMID- 6210421 TI - [Portable rapid mixer]. PMID- 6210422 TI - Alpha-adrenoreceptor subtypes in blood vessels: physiology and pharmacology. AB - A significant advance in the field of neurotransmission was made with the discovery of presynaptic release-modulating alpha-adrenoreceptors on noradrenergic nerve terminals. The concept of presynaptic modulation of noradrenaline release developed in parallel with the pharmacological evidence for two subtypes of alpha-adrenoreceptors as defined by a different profile of affinity and relative order of potencies for agonists and for antagonists. The alpha 1-adrenoreceptor is stimulated preferentially by methoxamine and cirazoline and blocked selectively by prazosin or corynanthine. The alpha 2-adrenoreceptor is stimulated preferentially by agonists such as clonidine, TL-99, GHT-933, and UK-14,304, and the responses mediated by these agonists are selectively blocked by the alpha 2-adrenoreceptor antagonist idazoxan. In blood vessels, both the alpha 1- and the alpha 2-adrenoreceptor subtypes are present postsynaptically, where they mediate vasoconstriction, although the alpha 1-adrenoreceptor is the predominant receptor in vascular smooth muscle. Presynaptically on noradrenergic nerve terminals, the stimulation of inhibitory alpha 2-adrenoreceptors reduces the depolarization-evoked release of the transmitter. In most vascular beds, the alpha 1-adrenoreceptor is also the preferentially innervated subtype. In spontaneously hypertensive rats, smooth-muscle alpha 2-adrenoreceptors mediate vasoconstrictor responses to exogenous noradrenaline and to sympathetic nerve stimulation to a greater extent than in the corresponding normotensive Wystar Kyoto rats, which may point to a pathophysiological role of these alpha 2 adrenoreceptors in hypertension. PMID- 6210423 TI - Cardiovascular dopamine receptors: recent advances in agonists and antagonists of the DA1-receptor. AB - Until recently, the key pharmacologic tools necessary for major advances in understanding and studying cardiovascular and renal dopamine receptors have been lacking. This communication describes new advances in the pharmacology of dopamine receptors as studied with a series of newly synthetized benzazepines. Fenoldopam (SK&F 82526) is a selective (DA1) dopamine-receptor agonist. Initial studies with fenoldopam on splenic arterial ring segments of the rabbit have suggested that the endothelium as well as vascular smooth muscle may possess hemodynamically important dopamine receptors, and that cyclic adenosine monophosphate can be a second messenger mediating dopaminomimetic vasodilatation. Significant advances in DA1-selective antagonists have also recently been made. SK&F 83566 is a potent antagonist of both dopamine and fenoldopam in the vasculature. Dopamine-receptor selective agonists and antagonists represent an emerging strategy for the treatment of several cardiovascular diseases, including hypertension and edema. Moreover, these compounds are important tools for the characterization and study of dopamine receptors. PMID- 6210424 TI - Serotonergic receptor subtypes and vascular reactivity. AB - Two distinct binding sites for serotonin have been identified in brain tissue and labeled 5-HT1 and 5-HT2 binding sites. The receptor mediating contractions of several types of vascular smooth muscle (including the canine basilar artery), aggregation of blood platelets, and contractions of tracheal muscle can be defined as a 5-HT2 serotonergic receptor. The prejunctional inhibitory effect of serotonin on adrenergic neurotransmission is mediated by receptors which have the same affinity for agonists as the 5-HT1 binding sites. The other peripheral actions of serotonin, in particular its vasodilator effects and its excitatory effects on gastrointestinal smooth muscle, do not involve 5-HT2 serotonergic receptors. PMID- 6210425 TI - Working status after aortocoronary bypass surgery. PMID- 6210426 TI - Partial restoration of local GVH reaction in cancer patients by depletion of theophylline-sensitive suppressor T-cells. AB - Theophylline-resistant T-cell subpopulations were assessed in terms of numbers and function among patients with disseminated cancer, and compared to normal controls. Within the total E-rosetting T-cells (65 +/- 6.5% for normal donors versus 34 +/- 1.0% for cancer patients; P less than 0.001) the proportion of theophylline-resistant Te cells was 56 +/- 1.5% and 26.6 +/- 1.1%, respectively (P less than 0.001). This significant difference in distribution between theophylline-resistant (effector) and theophylline-sensitive (suppressor) cells in favor of the latter was also reflected by the poor performance of unseparated T-cells in the local GVH reaction. Thus, the mean GVH reaction among normal donors was 159 +/- 30 mm3 versus 44 +/- 28 mm3 among cancer patients (P less than 0.001). Removal of the theophylline-sensitive suppressor T-cells resulted in significant augmentation of the local GVH reaction among normal donors and in significant, although partial, immune restoration of the local GVH reaction in some patients but not in others. The mean local GVH reaction after removal of theophylline-sensitive suppressor T-cells was 196 +/- 89 mm3 among normal donors and 68 +/- 46 mm3 among cancer patients (P less than 0.05). This immune restoration following depletion of suppressor T-cells was only partial among cancer patients because of an apparent intrinsic defect in the capacity of their effector T-cells to exert vigorous local GVH reaction. In one small group of four patients, this intrinsic defect was so profound that even after removal of the theophylline-sensitive suppressor cells, the restoration of the local GVH reaction was negligible (12 +/- 10.8 mm3 versus 24 +/- 9.8 mm3; P greater than 0.1). The quantitative and qualitative changes in effector and suppressor T-cell distribution during the development of the malignant process and the possible interaction between them are discussed. PMID- 6210427 TI - Carcinoma arising in an ileostomy stoma: an unusual complication of adenomatous polyposis coli. AB - A patient with adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) without extraintestinal lesions is presented. The clinical course was complicated by rectal adenocarcinoma following subtotal colectomy. A primary adenocarcinoma arising in a villous adenoma within the ileostomy stoma developed seven years later. The varied pathology of gastric and small intestinal involvement in APC/Gardner's syndrome is reviewed. Greater awareness of these lesions has implications for further management. PMID- 6210428 TI - Immunology of human gastric cancer: a preliminary report. AB - The immunological spectrum in fifteen patients with gastric cancer is presented. Patients were divided in three groups. Those with nonadvanced cancer, those with advanced but resectable lesions and those with advanced but nonresectable tumors. Preoperatively, elevated levels of circulating immune complexes (CIC) associated with hyporesponsiveness to phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and in mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC) as well as a positive leukocyte inhibitory serum factor (LIF-S) were found in nearly half of the patients. Inhibitory or enhancing autologous serum factors were detected. Postoperatively, immunologic parameters return to normal in patients with nonadvanced cancer, while in advanced cancer, antibody and cell-mediated immune response remained altered, with some changes associated with chemotherapy. These findings are probably related with the presence or absence of tumor and offer a distinct approach in evaluating the immunologic response of a tumor-bearing patient. PMID- 6210429 TI - Cellular hypersensitivity to neocarzinostatin in ataxia-telangiectasia skin fibroblasts. AB - Cellular sensitivity of human skin fibroblast strains from three healthy donors, eight ataxia-telangiectasia (A-T) patients belonging to six sibships, and two A-T heterozygotes to the lethal action of the antitumor antibiotic neocarzinostatin was tested, using colony-forming ability as the criterion for survival. All the A T strains were significantly more sensitive to killing by neocarzinostatin than were the control strains. The average D0 for the A-T strains following neocarzinostatin treatment was 14.6 ng/ml, as compared to 37.9 ng/ml for the normal strains. The two A-T heterozygous strains showed intermediate sensitivity with an average D0 of 26.9 ng/ml. Neocarzinostatin sensitivity of A-T cells could therefore serve as a convenient aid for the laboratory diagnosis of A-T. Since A T cells are also known to be hypersensitive to ionizing radiation and bleomycin, it would appear that they are primarily hypersensitive to DNA-breaking agents. PMID- 6210430 TI - In vitro cellular effects of hematoporphyrin derivative. AB - Several in vitro cell systems were exposed to hematoporphyrin derivative (HPD): established lines of rat kangaroo epithelial kidney; normal mouse embryonic fibroblasts; and differentiated neonatal rat myocardial cells. The uptake of HPD (25 to 100 micrograms/ml) by individual cells occurred rapidly over a 2-hr period and leveled off by 24 hr. HPD was excreted from cells by 48 hr after exposure. However, a low level of HPD (above background) was maintained in cells for up to 4 days following cessation of exposure. Intracellular binding of HPD was to mitochondria as demonstrated by fluorescence microscopy. HPD was also shown to have a growth-inhibiting effect on rat kangaroo cells without added light. The growth effects on mouse cells were less marked. PMID- 6210431 TI - Antiproliferative action of a novel fluorinated uridine analog, 5'-deoxy-5 fluorouridine, measured in vitro and in vivo on four different murine tumor lines. PMID- 6210433 TI - Immunohistochemical analysis of the distribution of lymphocyte subpopulations in Hodgkin's disease. AB - We studied the histologic distribution of lymphocyte subpopulations in Hodgkin's disease. Involved tissues from 15 patients were stained by an indirect immunoperoxidase procedure for a variety of lymphocyte surface antigens using monoclonal antibodies. In most cases, there were more T cells than B cells, and Reed-Sternberg cells were found in T-cell rich areas. Except in lymphocyte depleted Hodgkin's disease, helper-T antigen-positive (TH) cells greatly outnumbered cytotoxic-suppressor antigen-positive cells. Moreover, TH cells showed a preferential association with Reed-Sternberg cells. Lymphocytes surrounding Reed-Sternberg cells often expressed the transferrin receptor, a marker of cell activation. Our results do not support the hypothesis that the lymphocytes in Hodgkin's disease represent a cytotoxic T-cell response to neoplastic cells, except perhaps in the lymphocyte-depleted subtype. PMID- 6210432 TI - Growth factors in Hodgkin's disease. AB - Tumor nodules from spleens removed at staging laparotomy for nodular sclerosing Hodgkin's disease were grown as fragment cultures in vitro. These cultures could be maintained in vitro for up to 2 months and consisted of 90% large, adherent multinuclear and mononuclear cells. Immunologic markers and enzyme histochemistry suggested that the cultured cells belonged to the monocyte/macrophage lineage. Supernatants from these cell cultures were then assayed for the monokine Interleukin I and for fibroblast stimulatory factors, which were both present. These results are discussed in considering Hodgkin's disease as a neoplasm of the monocyte/macrophage lineage, capable of producing functionally active mediators that may account for the histopathologic appearance observed. PMID- 6210434 TI - Implications of persistent T cell abnormalities for the etiology of Hodgkin's disease. AB - Untreated patients with Hodgkin's disease are known to have significant impairment of cellular immunity. Recent studies have demonstrated that effector T cells from these patients have increased sensitivity to the suppression mediated by two normal immunoregulatory cells, ie, suppressor monocytes and suppressor T cells. Thus, increased sensitivity to suppression may be a common cause of multiple abnormalities of cellular immunity. Patients achieving long-term disease free survival after chemotherapy have also been studied. Although they are no longer anergic, they have persistent reductions in peripheral blood E rosettes and T cell proliferation. Increased sensitivity to suppressor monocytes and T cells also persists. These abnormalities do not appear to be caused by the treatment since they were not detected in diffuse histiocytic lymphoma patients surviving after similar chemotherapy. Immunologic studies in family members are required to determine whether these abnormalities are a permanent immunologic deficit acquired only with the development of Hodgkin's disease or an inherited characteristic that predisposes a patient to develop Hodgkin's disease. PMID- 6210435 TI - Effect of various acceptors on the rates of the cyclization and chain-shortening of amylose catalyzed by the cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase from Klebsiella pneumoniae M 5 al. Improvement of new photometric assay methods. AB - The effect of various acceptors on the cyclization and chain-shortening reaction of amylose catalyzed by cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase [(1 leads to 4)-alpha-D glucan: [(1 leads to 4)-alpha-D-glycopyranosyl]transferase (cycling) EC 2.4.1.19] from Klebsiella pneumoniae M 5 al was studied by use of photometric-assay methods. The requirements for the acceptor were the same for both cyclization and chain-shortening, indicating the close relationship between both reactions. Maltose proved to be the most effective (2.48- and 5-fold acceleration of the cyclization and chain-shortening, respectively, in the presence of 584 micrometers maltose). The dependence of the chain-shortening reaction on the conformational state of the amylose molecules is discussed. PMID- 6210436 TI - [Reversibility of left ventricular hypertrophy after surgery for renovascular hypertension (author's transl)]. PMID- 6210437 TI - Calmodulin in the membrane transport of Ca++. PMID- 6210438 TI - 1981 the year of the handicapped. PMID- 6210439 TI - Macrophage fibrinolytic activity: identification of two pathways of plasmin formation by intact cells and of a plasminogen activator inhibitor. AB - Endotoxin-stimulated macrophages hydrolyze fibrin by a plasmin-mediated process in the absence of detectable soluble plasminogen activator (PAs). The data show that macrophages also activate plasmin by a membrane-associated plasminogen activator (PAm). In the presence of endotoxin, PAm activity increases, and plasmin is formed only by PAm. In addition, endotoxin stimulates macrophages to secrete a proteinase inhibitor that blocks PAs activity but not PAm or plasmin activity. The increased PAm activity and the PA inhibitor secretion in response to endotoxin explains the ability of intact macrophages to hydrolyze fibrin in the absence of detectable PAs. Endotoxin, 100 ng/ml, induced an intracellular PA inhibitor in cultured macrophages, and this correlated with accumulation of inhibitor in medium over the cells. The intracellular PA inhibitor was found to be 50--60 kilodaltons by gel chromatography, to be of anionic charge at pH 7.4 and to inhibit urokinase esterolytic and proteolytic activity but not preformed plasmin. These results define two pathways of plasmin formation by intact macrophages and identify the macrophage cell surface as a site of PA activity relatively protected from soluble proteinase inhibitors. PMID- 6210440 TI - Structure of the pericellular matrix: association of heparan and chondroitin sulfates with fibronectin-procollagen fibers. AB - Immunofluorescent staining of a pericellular matrix produced by cultured human embryonic skin fibroblasts showed a codistribution among fibronectin, heparan sulfate proteoglycans and part of the chondroitin sulfate in a fibrillar network. Isolated matrix in an "intact" form could be scraped off the dish after detergent solubilization of the cells. On centrifugation in cesium chloride density gradients, most sulfated glycosaminoglycans and matrix proteins remained associated and were recovered at a density of 1.34 g/cm3 (greater or equal to 2 M CsCl). However, when 4 M guanidine hydrochloride was included in the gradient medium, the components dissociated, suggesting that the sulfated glycosaminoglycans are bound to matrix proteins by strong noncovalent linkages. Interactions between sulfated glycosaminoglycans produced by the fibroblasts and fibronectin could also be demonstrated by affinity chromatography on immobilized plasma fibronectin and by immunoprecipitation of fibronectin in conditioned culture medium, which resulted in a coprecipitation of the sulfated glycosaminoglycans. In these two systems, the fibronectin glycosaminoglycan bonds were broken at 0.2 M salt and were apparently weaker than the bonds responsible for the structural integrity of the matrix. These findings implicate heparan and chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans as integral compounds of the pericellular matrix fibers and suggest that the association of the proteoglycans with the fibronectin-procollagen matrix is stabilized by multiple molecular interactions. PMID- 6210441 TI - Adoptive transfer of cells sensitized in vitro into mice in a skin allograft assay. PMID- 6210442 TI - [Periodontosis with hyperkeratosis palmo-plantarias (Papillon-Lefevre syndrome): case report and revised bibliography]. PMID- 6210443 TI - [The concept of "simplification" applied to a model of a private pedodontic practice]. PMID- 6210445 TI - [The identification of commercial Shi-Jue-Ming (author's transl)]. PMID- 6210444 TI - The effect of trans-stilbene oxide and other structurally related inducers of drug-metabolizing enzymes on glucuronidation. AB - Administration of trans-stilbene oxide, and new type of inducer of drug metabolizing enzymes, to rats was found to increase hepatic microsomal UDP glucuronyl transferase activity with both p-nitrophenol and chloramphenicol as substrate. In Triton X-100 activated microsomes the increase with p-nitrophenol as substrate was to approx. 250% of the control value, while the corresponding value for chloramphenicol was about 600%. These observations indicate that trans stilbene oxide causes a mixed type 'induction' of UDP-glucuronyl transferase(s), i.e., changes in activity which resemble both those seen after induction with phenobarbital and after treatment with 3-methylcholanthrene. We have also shown that the activity of UDP-glucose dehydrogenase, the enzyme which produces UDP glucuronic acid, is increased to about 300% of the control after administration of trans-stilbene oxide. The time course of this increase and of the return to control activity after cessation of treatment, the dose-response of this increase and the structural features of the trans-stilbene oxide molecule which are essential for the increase have all been examined. The other two enzymes involved in the conversion of glucose 6-phosphate to UDP-glucuronic acid, namely, phosphoglucomutase and UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase, were found to be only slightly affected (a 30-60% increase) by treatment with trans-stilbene oxide. After induction with trans-stilbene oxide the hepatic level of UDP-glucuronic acid was unchanged. PMID- 6210446 TI - [Identification of two adulterants of Ge-Jie (author's transl)]. PMID- 6210448 TI - [Studies on ginseng cultivation under simplified shade in Beijing area (author's transl)]. PMID- 6210447 TI - [Studies on the quality standards of Li-Yan-Ling and its tablets (author's transl)]. PMID- 6210449 TI - [The effect of processing on the anthracene derivatives in Chinese rhubarb (author's transl)]. PMID- 6210451 TI - [The screening of the photosensitive and effective constituents of Hypocrella bambusae (author's transl)]. PMID- 6210450 TI - [Studies on the coumarin of root of Heracleum moellendorffii Hance (author's transl)]. PMID- 6210452 TI - [Pharmacological studies of Cinnamomum cassia bark. Part I. Effects on the blood and cardiovascular system (author's transl)]. PMID- 6210453 TI - [Studies on the herbal muscular relaxant Alangium chinese (Lour) Harms (author's transl)]. PMID- 6210454 TI - Remarks on Chinese materia medica (4)---Tongreng Tan, an ancient shop of traditional Chinese medicine. PMID- 6210456 TI - [The discussion about the chemical and pharmacological changes in the prescription of Chinese materia medica (author's transl)]. PMID- 6210455 TI - [The sex phermones of Japanese honeysuckle geometrid. II. The fit time and solvent of the extract of the sex phermones (author's transl)]. PMID- 6210458 TI - Release of atherosclerotic debris after transluminal angioplasty. AB - To determine if there is release of endothelial cells or plaque contents after percutaneous transluminal angioplasty, effluent from atherosclerotic segments of the aorta and iliac arteries of rabbits were collected before and after angioplasty. No endothelial cells or cholesterol plates were identified in the preangioplasty effluents. Only a few single endothelial cells and cholesterol crystals were found in effluents after angioplasty. We conclude that embolization of endothelial fragments and cholesterol plates occurs during angioplasty, but only to a minor degree, and is probably not clinically important. PMID- 6210457 TI - Regional myocardial blood flow and coronary vascular reserve in unanesthetized young calves exposed to a simulated altitude of 3500 m for 8--10 weeks. AB - We determined regional myocardial blood flow (15-micrometer tracer microspheres) and hemodynamics in nine normal calves, seven calves with right ventricular (RV) hypertrophy induced by pulmonary artery banding (PAB) at sea level, and five calves exposed to simulated high altitude (HA) of 3,500 m (PB = 500 mm Hg) for 8- 10 weeks. Progression of RV hypertrophy was very rapid in HA calves. RV weight:body weight ratio of 2.74 +/- 0.20 g/kg at 8--10 weeks of sojourn at HA significantly exceeded that in PAB calves (1.98 +/- 0.11 g/kg) 20 weeks post banding. All calves were studied unanesthetized at sea level before (control) and during maximal coronary vasodilation (iv adenosine; 4 microM/kg per min). Normal and HA calves were also studied during acute hypoxemia (PaO2: 42 +/- 1 mm Hg) induced by administration of 12--13% O2 + N2 in the inhaled gas. RV myocardial blood flow was significantly increased only in PAB calves, whereas in HA calves it was similar to that in normal calves. Left ventricular (LV) mass and blood flow were identical in three groups of calves. Polycythemia did not occur in HA calves. Minimal coronary vascular resistance per unit weight of the hypertrophied RV was identical to that in the normal RV myocardium. This suggested that, despite very fast progression of RV hypertrophy in HA calves, functional cross sectional area of the RV coronary vascular bed kept pace with the increase in cardiac mass. Minimal coronary vascular resistance per unit weight of the left ventricular myocardium was also identical in three groups of calves. This suggested that chronic hypoxemia by itself did not cause an increase in the functional cross-sectional area of the LV coronary vascular bed. Acute hypoxemia resulted in a significant increase in myocardial blood flow in all calves, but in HA calves, RV endo:epi perfusion ratio decreased below 1.00. Transmural RV myocardial blood flow and RV systolic pressure in HA calves during acute hypoxemia significantly exceeded that in normal calves. PMID- 6210459 TI - Regression of myocardial hypertrophy: electrocardiographic-echocardiographic correlations after aortic valve replacement in patients with chronic aortic regurgitation. AB - Serial electrocardiographic and echocardiographic left ventricular (LV) studies were performed in 21 patients before and after aortic valve replacement (AVR) for chronic aortic regurgitation. Changes in voltage (SV1 + RV5-6) after AVR were assessed and evaluated relative to changes in LV mass. Muscle cross-sectional area (CSA) derived from echocardiographic dimension and wall thickness data was used as an index of LV muscle mass (LV hypertrophy greater than 10 cm2/m2). In 15 patients, voltage was reduced after AVR: Seven had normal voltage (48 +/- 17 mm to 25 +/- 6 mm, p less than 0.005) and eight still had increased voltage (61 +/- 17 mm to 40 +/- 4 mm, p less than 0.01). Patients with normal voltage had complete regression of hypertrophy by echocardiography (CSA decreased from 13 +/- 3 cm2/m2 to 9 +/- 1 cm2/m2, p less than 0.025), while those who had persistently increased voltage had incomplete regression (15 +/- 2 cm2/m2, p less than 0.001). Reduction in voltage generally occurred in the first 6 months after AVR. Three patients with unchanged voltage had evidence of paraprosthetic regurgitation and minimal change in CSA. Three other patients with voltage had evidence of paraprosthetic regurgitation and minimal change in CSA. Three other patients with persistent LV enlargement without paraprosthetic regurgitation had a severe intraventricular conduction delay. Data from 59 electrocardiographic echocardiographic studies before and after AVR revealed a strong correlation (r = 0.81) between voltage and muscle CSA. After surgical correction of chronic aortic regurgitation, regression of LV hypertrophy can be assessed by serial electrocardiographic studies. These ECG data identify patients with complete, incomplete or no regression of LV hypertrophy. PMID- 6210460 TI - Effects of chronic hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy on the incidence of sudden cardiac death after coronary artery occlusion in conscious dogs. AB - When acute myocardial infarction occurs in patients with hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), the incidence of sudden cardiac death increases markedly. Possible explanations include increased size of the occluded vascular bed secondary to more extensive atherosclerotic coronary vascular disease in the presence of hypertension, decreased coronary reserve secondary to LVH, and intrinsic electrophysiologic abnormalities in hypertrophied cardiac muscle. To explore these possibilities, we produced acute circumflex coronary occlusion during the resting, conscious state in 32 control dogs and in 28 dogs with hypertensive LVH. Before coronary occlusion, mean arterial pressure was 96 +/- 0.1 mm Hg in control dogs and 125 +/- 5 mm Hg in dogs with hypertensive LVH (p less than 0.01). The control left ventricular/body weight ratio was 4.5 +/- 0.1 g/kg, compared with 6.1 +/- 0.1 g/kg in hypertensive LVH (p less than 0.01). Cumulative mortality at 6, 24 and 48 hours was 9%, 13% and 16% in control dogs and 32%, 43% and 54%, respectively, in dogs with hypertensive LVH (all p less than 0.01 vs control). The perfusion fields of the occluded vessel defined by postmortem coronary angiography were similar in the two groups (31 +/- 2% of left ventricular mass for control vs 29 +/- 2% for hypertensive LVH). Thus, the increased incidence of sudden cardiac death after coronary artery occlusion in hypertensive LVH dogs cannot be explained by increased size of the occluded vascular bed and is probably related to the decreased coronary reserve or intrinsic electrophysiologic abnormalities that characterize pressure-induced hypertrophied cardiac muscle. PMID- 6210461 TI - Reduced suppressor cell activity in congestive cardiomyopathy and in myocarditis. AB - We studied suppressor cell function in 10 patients who had congestive cardiomyopathy, 13 patients who had myocarditis and 98 healthy controls. Myocardial biopsy, coronary arteriography and left ventricular angiography were used to define and differentiate congestive cardiomyopathy and myocarditis. The suppressor component of the immune response was assessed by examining the in vitro responses of peripheral blood lymphoid (PBL) cells under standard conditions. Briefly, PBL cells were incubated with concanavalin A to stimulate suppressor activity. Induced activity was measured by the ability of PBL cells to inhibit 3H-thymidine uptake of nonstimulated autologous cells when subsequently presented with allogenic or mitogenic stimuli. PMID- 6210462 TI - Left ventricular relaxation in patients with left ventricular hypertrophy secondary to aortic valve disease. PMID- 6210463 TI - Recommendations for use of non-invasive methods to detect atherosclerotic peripheral arterial disease--in population studies. American Heart Association Council on Epidemiology. PMID- 6210464 TI - Ligand binding properties of the basophilic IgE receptor of normal and allergic individuals. AB - The interaction of [125I]-human myeloma IgE with the human basophilic IgE receptor of normal and allergic individuals was quantitated by direct ligand binding analysis after removal of endogenous IgE. Using a mixed leucocyte preparation containing 2 to 5% basophils, the [125I]-IgE binding was specific for human IgE, paralleled the presence of basophils in the cell preparation, and was described by a time course similar to that reported for passive sensitization experiments. The Kd values were 4.0 to 13.2 nM for the normal individuals with 1.5 to 8.4 x 10(5) receptors per basophil, while the IgE receptor of allergic individuals was described by Kd values of 4.2 to 11.7 nM and 3.0 to 4.7 x 10(5) sites per basophil. Based upon the eleven individuals studied, these results suggest that the binding properties of the IgE receptor of normal and allergic individuals are similar. PMID- 6210465 TI - Lymphocyte proteins in Huntington's disease: quantitative analysis by use of two dimensional electrophoresis and computerized densitometry. AB - We used quantitative two-dimensional electrophoresis to study lymphocyte proteins in Hungtington's disease. Three hundred and six polypeptides from 14C-labeled, phytohemagglutinin-stimulated lymphocytes were measured for variation in relative spot density and 186 for variation in spot position by use of a computer program requiring operator interaction. Each polypeptide was measured in a total of 30 electrophoretograms from 28 individuals, including 13 with Huntington's disease, 2 at risk for it, and 13 controls. The study included two sets of identical twins and, as neurological controls, individuals with neurofibromatosis, Alzheimer's disease, or Shy-Drager syndrome. Seven protein polymorphisms were identified among the 186 most dense polypeptides of each gel, corresponding to a minimum average heterozygosity of 1.4%. Stringent criteria were used to define polymorphic proteins, including observation of at least one individual with each of two homozygous phenotypes and one with the heterozygous phenotype, demonstration of the expected gene dosage relationship by quantitative densitometry, consistency with genetic relationships, and reproducibility. One polymorphic protein showed three electrophoretically variant alleles. Our identification of seven polymorphisms among the 186 proteins measured on a single electrophoretogram illustrates the potential of this technique for performing linkage analysis in diseases of genetic origin. However, we observed no quantitative or positional protein variations that were characteristic of (i.e. specific for) Huntington's disease. PMID- 6210466 TI - Analysis of protein patterns in two-dimensional gels of cultured human cells with trisomy 21. AB - The occurrence of one chromosome of the cell in triplicate (trisomy, Ts) should increase the amount of all cell proteins coded by genes located on this chromosome. Many other proteins should be altered in their quantity by regulator genes, present in a threefold dosage, and by several indirect effects of the trisomy. We used two-dimensional electrophoresis to investigate the effect of the human Ts 21 on the proteins. Cells from different individuals with Ts 21 were cultured. Seven cell lines were derived from skin tissue and four from cells in amniotic fluid, and two cell clones were raised from fetal lung with Ts 21 mosaic. Stained two-dimensional protein patterns from these cell lines were compared with control patterns, and clearly visible differences in the staining intensity of corresponding polypeptide spots were evaluated. A few quantitatively variant polypeptides occurred in all trisomic cell lines investigated that were of a particular cell type, but no variants were consistently present in all of the 13 cell lines investigated. However the total number of variants (including variants not found in all individual cell lines) was considerably higher in trisomic cells than in normal cells. PMID- 6210467 TI - A colorimetric assay for releasable plasminogen activator. AB - We describe an equilibrium assay for measuring release of plasminogen activator form blood-vessel walls and report data from 125 individuals free of overt thromboembolic disease. Excess human plasminogen is added to the euglobulin fraction of plasma obtained before and after venous occlusion at mean systolic pressure. To measure plasmin generation in these samples, we used the chromogenic plasmin substrate D-Val-Leu-Lys-p-nitroanilide, which liberates p-nitroaniline upon cleavage. Releasable plasminogen activator in 24 subjects was determined by this colorimetric assay and by the radiocasein assay previously reported by this laboratory (Am. J. Clin. Pathol. 76,403-409, 1981), and the results were compared. The correlation coefficient was 0.97. The colorimetric assay offers several advantages over the radiocasein assay: shorter incubation (6 vs 16 h) and no preparation or quantification of a radioactive substrate and its cleavage products. PMID- 6210468 TI - Immune complexes: characteristics, clinical correlations, and interpretive approaches in the clinical laboratory. AB - Immune-complex-mediated injury is thought to play a role in diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, serum sickness, various infectious diseases, and malignancies. With increased appreciation of the biological and pathological significance of circulating immune complexes has come efforts to develop appropriate techniques for identifying and measuring them. Common approaches exploit such phenomena as the attachment of complement components to antigen-antibody complexes, the presence of specialized receptors for immune complexes at the surface of cells, and the ability of rheumatoid factor to bind with immune complexes. This variety of assay systems for immune complexes has yielded abstruse results in numerous human pathological conditions. Unfortunately, these results seldom correlate with one another in a given disease. Thus, use of a panel of immune complex assays has been recommended. Indirect consequences of immune complex disease may still be appraised and evaluated with some confidence in clinical medicine: measurements of C3 and C4, cryoglobulins, serum viscosity, and turbidity of serum samples. Measurement of immune complexes may be useful in diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic monitoring, but it is the characterization of immune complexes that holds the greatest potential for better understanding of disease mechanisms. PMID- 6210469 TI - Diagnosis of Tay-Sachs disease using [3H]N-acetylneuraminic acid labelled GM2 ganglioside as substrate. AB - GM2 ganglioside labelled with tritium in the N-acetylneuraminic acid moiety was prepared and used to measure beta-hexosaminidase A activity in cultured humans skin fibroblasts extracts. The latter convert this substrate to the correspondingly labelled GM3 ganglioside which can easily be separated from the substrate by thin-layer chromatography. No cleavage of the N-acetylneuraminic acid group was observed under our conditions. Two methods are described for the determination of GM2-beta-hexosaminidase A activity in fibroblasts. The application of these methods to the diagnosis of Tay-Sachs disease is discussed. PMID- 6210470 TI - Plasma androgenic activity in women with acne vulgaris and in healthy girls before, during and after puberty. AB - The possible relationship between plasma androgenic activity and acne vulgaris was investigated. Plasma testosterone and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) levels were determined in healthy girls during different stages of puberty, in healthy adult women and in women with acne vulgaris. Testosterone increase during puberty, whereas SHBG decreased during the early stages before it increased and stabilized plasma concentrations of testosterone and SHBG. Women with severe acne vulgaris had testosterone levels in the same range but the SHBG levels were significantly lower than those of healthy women and women with mild acne. These results show a high androgenic activity in the intermediate stages of puberty, when acne vulgaris is a common complaint and an increased androgenic activity in adult women with severe acne vulgaris. PMID- 6210471 TI - Pyemotes dermatitis in display artists. PMID- 6210472 TI - Characterization of immunoregulatory T lymphocytes in insulin-dependent diabetic children by means of monoclonal antibodies. AB - Monoclonal antibodies of the OKT series were used to identify total T lymphocytes (OKT3+) and their helper (OKT4+) and suppressor-cytotoxic (OKT8+) and suppressor cytotoxic (OKT8+) subsets in 34 insulin-dependent diabetic children and in 39 young healthy controls. The diabetics have a moderate but significant reduction of the proportions of total T lymphocytes at the expense of the T helper subset; the proportion of suppressor-cytotoxic cells are normal. These abnormalities of the lymphocyte subpopulations are not related to the duration of diabetes, the control of the disease nor to the presence of autoimmune phenomena. The latter were found in 51.4% of patients. PMID- 6210473 TI - Alterations of T-cell subsets in primary biliary cirrhosis. AB - To determine whether abnormalities of immunoregulatory T cells are associated with primary biliary cirrhosis, we characterized peripheral blood mononuclear cells in 16 patients with primary biliary cirrhosis and compared them with 30 normal controls. For this analysis we used monoclonal antibodies to the surface antigens on helper/inducer (T4+) and suppressor (T8+) T cell subsets and to a common T cell antigen (T3+). In contrast to normal persons, patients with primary biliary cirrhosis had reduced percentages of T3+ cells. More importantly, there was a relative decrease in helper/inducer (T4+) cells in 9/16 patients and a decrease in suppressor (T8+) cells in 5/16 patients. Furthermore, clinical studies indicated that patients with a decreased suppressor cell population (increased T4+ : T8+ ratio) had more advanced disease, as reflected by serum bilirubin levels (P less than 0.05) and histological changes in the liver (P less than 0.001), than those patients with a reduced helper T cell population (decreased T4+ : T8+ ratio). These data suggest that abnormalities of immune responsiveness in primary biliary cirrhosis may have a more complex origin than a uniform alteration in one immunoregulatory T-cell subset and that these immunoregulatory cell changes vary according to the severity of the disease. PMID- 6210474 TI - Functional analysis of the defective T cell regulation of the antigen-specific PFC response in SLE patients: differentiation of suppressor precursor cells to suppressor effector cells. AB - The investigation described here is concerned with the T cell regulation of the antigen-specific antibody response which has been studied in patients suffering from systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Apart from the fact that T helper cell activity was found to be less efficient, it appeared that the peripheral blood leucocytes (PBL) of patients in an active stage of the disease did not contain the suppressor precursor cells, which functions as the target cell for the inductive signal of T mu+ suppressor inducer cells. The absence of the suppressor precursor cells in SLE patients coincided with the absence of T gamma+ suppressor effector cells. Characterization of the (post-thymic) precursor cells (derived from normal donors) with the aid of monoclonal antibodies of the OKT series and several other markers pointed out that this population contains OKT4+ as well as OKT8+ cells. Further experiments demonstrated that the cells are capable of rosetting with autologous erythrocytes, and do not bear Fc receptors for IgM or IgG. Considering the various findings as a whole the conclusion is warranted that the post-thymic suppressor precursor T cell can differentiate into a suppressor effector cell only after interaction with T suppressor inducer cells. PMID- 6210475 TI - The effect of cyclosporin A on peripheral blood T cell subpopulations in renal allografts. AB - Treatment with cyclosporin A (CyA) produces a reversal of the normal ratio of OKT4+ (inducer type) to OKT84 (suppressor-cytotoxic type) cells so that renal allograft recipients on CyA alone develop a four-fold increase in the absolute number of circulating OKT8 positive cells. Conventional immunosuppression with azathioprine and prednisolone reduces both populations of T cells without altering the ratio of OKT4+ to OKT8+ cells. This effect of CyA may help to explain its action as an immunosuppressive agent. PMID- 6210477 TI - Selective inhibition of the induction phase of delayed type hypersensitivity in mice by niridazole. PMID- 6210476 TI - Effects of testosterone, oestradiol and progesterone on immune regulation. AB - Clinical observations on differences in the sexual incidence of diseases associated with defects of immune regulation, and of the occasional beneficial effects of pregnancy on disease course suggest that endocrine mechanisms may be important in the immuno-pathogenesis of these disorders. To investigate this possibility the in vitro effects of testosterone, oestradiol and progesterone on selected aspects of immune regulation were studied in normal adults. We observed the effects of these hormones on a mitogen-induced suppressor T-cell system and a monocyte mediated prostaglandin-producing suppressor cell system. The addition of progesterone but not oestradiol or testosterone to the Concanavalin A (Con A) generation of T lymphocyte suppressor cells produced significantly increased suppressor cell activity (P less than 0.005). Pre-incubation of lymphocytes with testosterone but not oestradiol or progesterone in the absence in the absence of Con A resulted in the generation of modest, but highly significant suppressor cell activity (P less than 0.005) No effect on the prostaglandin-producing suppressor cell activity was observed. These findings suggest that certain endocrine changes may alter immunoregulatory function and account for some of the clinical observations previously noted in diseases associated with defects of immune regulation. PMID- 6210478 TI - Myasthenia gravis: in vitro immunoglobulin production with pokeweed mitogen challenge and B- and T-lymphocyte competence. PMID- 6210479 TI - Immune abnormalities in IgA nephropathy (Berger's disease). PMID- 6210480 TI - Instability of the lumbar spine. PMID- 6210481 TI - Intraoperative 99m technetium bone imaging in the treatment of benign osteoblastic tumors. AB - Benign bone tumors can be successfully treated by local resection with the use of intraoperative bone imaging. Intraoperative bone imaging provided accurate localization of an osteoid osteoma in a patella of a 16-year-old girl when standard radiographs failed to demonstrate the lesion. In a case of osteoblastoma of the sacrum in a 12-year old girl, intraoperative scanning was used repeatedly to guide completeness of resection. In these cases in which routine intraoperative radiographs would have failed, intraoperative scanning proved to be essential for success. PMID- 6210482 TI - The effect of long-term low-dose diphosphonate treatment on rat bone. AB - Weaning, male rats were given ethane-1-hydroxy 1,1-diphosphonate (EHDP) or dichloromethylene diphosphonate (Cl2MDP) 0.5 mgP/kg/day for 140 days. Samples prepared after sacrifice were: (1) thin ground (30 micrometers) transverse tibial sections, (2) methacrylate-embedded 5 micrometers sections of the proximal tibial metaphysis, and (3) ultrathin calcified metaphyseal sections for electron microscopy. Cl2MDP reduced the diaphyseal medullary cavity, and EHDP increased the osteoid width. Both drugs increased endosteal bone apposition (possible secondarily to the impaired resorption) and, perhaps as a result, periosteal apposition was increased. Consequently, diaphyseal bone area was unchanged. Metaphyseal bone area was increased and osteoclast numbers reduced, in contrast to the increased osteoclast numbers reported previously in animal experiments with diphosphonates. Acid phosphatase activity within osteoclasts was markedly reduced with EDHP and unchanged with Cl2MDP. The ultrastructural changes in osteoclasts, i.e., a deficiency of ruffled borders, reduced numbers of cytoplasmic vacuoles and the presence of crystals between bone and the osteoclastic plasmalemma, were more marked with EHDP than Cl2MDP. PMID- 6210483 TI - Report on the Kodak Travelling Scholarship Section I: Interventional Radiology. Section II: Undergraduate Radiology Training in North America. PMID- 6210484 TI - Evaluation of abdominal fistulas with computed body tomography (CT). AB - Twenty-nine patients with 32 abdominal fistulas were evaluated by sinograms and CT. Sinograms were superior to CT in displaying the fistulous tract and its communications to specific organ systems. Ct added information affecting treatment plan or surgical approach by defining extent, nature and location of underlying disease, by eliminating overlap opacified fistulas, cavities, bowel loops and surface contaminations and by detecting additional undrained abscesses or recurrent tumor masses. While sinograms remain the initial procedure in the evaluation of abdomina fistulas, CT offers a useful secondary modality in selected instances. PMID- 6210486 TI - Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty: a new alternative for ischemic heart disease. PMID- 6210485 TI - A preliminary pharmacological trial of the monthly injectable contraceptive cycloprovera. AB - A comparative pharmacological pilot study of the monthly injectable contraceptive CycloProvera was carried out in 11 women in four centres. There were no significant differences in the results between the centres except that the injection-bleeding interval appeared to be shorter in Swedish women than in those in Havana and Mexico. Medroxyprogesterone acetate was detectable in blood for 28 to 62 days after injection of CycloProvera and although follicular activity returned in less than 28 days after injection in many of the women, corpus luteum function was suppressed for at least seven weeks in all women. Most of the women retained a regular menstrual pattern; six of 33 cycles were amenorrhoeic. There was no significant change in any of the biochemical and haematological analyses. PMID- 6210487 TI - Percutaneous transluminal renal angioplasty. PMID- 6210488 TI - Fetal rubella 27 years later. PMID- 6210489 TI - Progressive heart failure and death associated with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia. AB - A case of progressive CHF and death associated with serologically confirmed Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia in a previously healthy man is described. The association between the organism and significant cardiac or pericardial dysfunction discussed, the literature reviewed, and speculation made as to the underlying pathophysiologic mechanisms. PMID- 6210490 TI - Modulating effect of subinhibitory concentrations of compound LY 127935 on the virulence of Escherichia coli in the mouse. AB - The filamentous forms of a serum resistant Escherichia coli strain developed under in vitro exposure to subminimal inhibitory concentration of the compound LY 127935 showed a higher resistance against host defence than the nontreated control bacteria. Significantly diminished LD50 values and a longer lasting persistence in the peritoneal cavity of the mouse were found after intraperitoneal infection. In order to exclude the suggestion that the enhanced virulence was only due to the separation of filaments into normal virulent bacilli, the course of experimental infection with normal virulent germs was investigated under treatment with subtherapeutic doses of the antibiotic. When animals treated with repeated doses of 10-15 microgram/kg of LY 127935 were intraperitoneally infected a significantly smaller elimination rate of bacteria was observed in the peritoneal cavity than in animals injected with saline. PMID- 6210491 TI - Staff development in a community-based respite program. PMID- 6210492 TI - Subsidized adoption: one county's program. PMID- 6210493 TI - [Experimental embolization of hepatic and renal arteries and its clinical application (author's transl)]. PMID- 6210494 TI - [Transfemoral catheterization in selective cerebral angiography (author's transl)]. PMID- 6210495 TI - [Fluoroscopically controlled transbronchial biopsy of lung periphery using the fibreoptic bronchoscope (author's transl)]. PMID- 6210496 TI - [Roentgenologic evolution of acute pulmonary mycosis in 41 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 6210497 TI - [Opportunistic infections of the lung (author's transl)]. PMID- 6210498 TI - [Some problems in X-ray signs of chest injury (author's transl)]. PMID- 6210499 TI - [Contusion and laceration of the lung (author's transl)]. PMID- 6210500 TI - [Traumatic wet lung (author's transl)]. PMID- 6210501 TI - [Tomography of large circular lesion in the chest (author's transl)]. PMID- 6210502 TI - [Radiologic study of primary pulmonary hypertension (author's transl)]. PMID- 6210503 TI - [Myxoma of left atrium (an analysis of 13 cases) (author's transl)]. PMID- 6210504 TI - [Roentgen diagnosis of hereditary spherocytosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 6210505 TI - [Orthograph and oculogyria for localization of intraocular foreign bodies (author's transl)]. PMID- 6210506 TI - [X-ray diagnosis of cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea and otorrhea (a report of 2 cases) (author's transl)]. PMID- 6210507 TI - [Roentgen signs of pseudo-tumor at cardia notch (author's transl)]. PMID- 6210508 TI - [Roentgen diagnosis of Crohn's disease (a study of 60 cases) (author's transl)]. PMID- 6210510 TI - [Laryngography in the diagnosis of cancers of larynx and pharynx (author's transl)]. PMID- 6210509 TI - [Roentgen manifestation of penetrating gunshot injuries of the head (analysis of 116 cases) (author's transl)]. PMID- 6210511 TI - [Amniography in the diagnosis of hydatidiform mole (a report of 7 cases) (author's transl)]. PMID- 6210512 TI - [Ultrasonic study of cardiac anatomy and function in essential hypertension (author's transl)]. PMID- 6210513 TI - Lactic acidosis in the brain: occurrence, triggering mechanisms and pathophysiological importance. AB - Brain cells are better protected against systemic acidosis (and alkalosis) than most other cells since they are surrounded by an extracellular fluid which is, in itself, subjected to pH regulation. For all practical purposes, therefore, cerebral intracellular acidosis is endogenous and arises when lactic acid accumulates. This occurs in three main conditions: hypocapnia, epileptic seizures, and hypoxia plus ischaemia. In the first of these, metabolic acidosis is compensatory but in the other two, a moderate or pronounced decrease in pH occurs. In all three, increased glycolytic rate involves activation of phosphofructokinase secondarily to a raised intracellular pH (moderate hypocapnia) or to a perturbation of cerebral energy state (seizures and hypoxia plus ischaemia). In seizure states, accumulation of lactic acid is usually moderate (about 10 mumol g-1). In complete ischaemia, the acidosis is only slightly more pronounced. However, in severe incomplete ischaemia, and in severe hypoxia, the continued substrate supply can lead to excessive accumulation of lactic acid (30-50 mumol g-1). When this occurs, the acidosis contributes to irreversible cell damage. PMID- 6210514 TI - [Repair of abdominal wall defect with pedicled intestinal musculo-serosal patch (author's transl)]. PMID- 6210515 TI - Isolation of mouse x-chromosome specific DNA from an x-enriched lambda phage library derived from flow sorted chromosomes. AB - A lambda phage library enriched in X(7) chromosomal material has been constructed from flow sorted chromosomes isolated from mice carrying the Cattanach translocation T(X;7)1Ct. The flow sorted fraction that was cloned contained 40% X(7) chromosomes, so that the resulting lambda phage library should be more than 10-fold enriched for X chromosomal DNA. Approximately 100,000 lambda phage clones were obtained; of these, at least 80% were recombinant. Three quarters of recombinants were positive for mouse repetitive DNA as detected either by phage plaque filter hybridization or by Southern blotting. Recombinant DNA inserts were prepared from some of the remaining nonrepetitive phage fraction. The X chromosome specificity of cloned DNA inserts was tested by hybridization to DNA from mouse-hamster somatic cell hybrids that had retained all or most of the mouse X as the only mouse chromosome and by comparison of the extent of hybridization to DNA from male and female mice. Out of nine cloned unique sequence segments successfully examined thus far, two were presumably derived from the X. Possession of phage library highly enriched for mouse X DNA should facilitate molecular studies of the control of X chromosome gene expression. PMID- 6210516 TI - Urodynamic in the diagnosis and treatment of urinary stress incontinence. AB - The authors examine the role of the urodynamic test on patients suffering from stress incontinence. The simultaneous recording of the flowmetry and of bladder and urethral pressures continues to be the most efficient method for the functional demonstration of urinary incontinence. According to the authors, however, it is necessary to evaluate, before the operation, the suitability of the bladder for surgical intervention to avoid any voiding disorders which might occur following surgery. The cystosphinctermanometry with simultaneous flowmetry, together with the stop test, allows for a precise analysis of the particular voiding habit of each bladder, thus permitting an evaluation of the two essential parameters for surgical treatment; bladder capacity, and the characteristics of the detrusor contractability. PMID- 6210517 TI - [Effect of serotonin metabolism disorders in early ontogeny on the hypophyseal adrenal system of the adult rat]. PMID- 6210518 TI - [Functioning of the hsdS gene of Escherichia coli K in recombinant plasmids containing phage lambda regulator regions]. PMID- 6210519 TI - New drug evaluations: moxalactam (Moxam, Eli Lilly). AB - Moxalactam is a new 1-oxa-beta-lactam antibiotic that is similar in many respects to the third-generation cephalosporins. Moxalactam is exceptionally stable to beta-lactamase enzymes and inhibits most gram-negative aerobic bacteria, with the frequent exception of P. aeruginosa. Moxalactam is active against most B. fragilis organisms and appears to be an effective alternative to an aminoglycoside/clindamycin combination for patients with intraabdominal infections. Moxalactam penetrates through inflamed meninges and may become the drug of choice for gram-negative bacillary meningitis due to susceptible organisms. Moxalactam would be expected to be no more effective than the third generation cephalosporins for other gram-negative infections, and it has not been clearly shown that these agents are as effective as aminoglycoside antibiotics for most serious gram-negative infections. Because of moxalactam's high cost, its potential for misuse, and its unknown long-term effects on microbial resistance patterns, as well as the lack of comparative efficacy studies for many infections, the hospital use of moxalactam should be closely monitored. PMID- 6210520 TI - Moxalactam in pediatrics. PMID- 6210521 TI - [Alcohol tolerance and dependence]. PMID- 6210523 TI - [Investigations of the influence of sodium salicylate on the gastric mucosa of the rat (author's transl)]. AB - 1. The investigation of the influence of sodium salicylate in therapeutic doses (100 mg/body weight/day) on the gastric mucosa of 60 rats revealed at the acute phase of the experiment morphological lesions of the superficial epithelium in term of an acute gastritis. At this stage neutral and acid mucopolysaccharides of gastric mucus were reduced. 2. Contrary to this, in long-term experiments epithelial changes and reduction of the mucous content of the cells were no longer detectable. PMID- 6210522 TI - Togamycin (spectinomycin) in the treatment of acute gonorrhoea in Nigeria. PMID- 6210524 TI - Peritoneoscopy in abdominal emergencies--a valuable diagnostic tool. PMID- 6210525 TI - Antibodies to the F1-ATPase of Rhodospirillum rubrum and its purified native beta subunit: inhibition of ATP-linked activities in R. rubrum and in lettuce. AB - 1. Antibodies prepared against the Rhodospirillum rubrum F1-ATPase (RrF1) and its purified, native-beta-subunit, exhibited cross-reactivity with the following soluble preparations of R. rubrum ATPase: RrF0 . F1, RrF1 and the beta-subunit. Anti-RrF1, but not anti-beta antibodies, also formed precipitin lines with soluble beta-less Rrf1, indicating that antigenic determinants of both the beta subunit and the other four RrF1-subunits are expressed in the whole RrF1 molecule. Both antibodies agglutinated the R. rubrum chromatophores, suggesting that the beta-subunit is located on the external part of RrF1. 2. Both antibodies inhibited ATP synthesis and hydrolysis activities of R. rubrum chromatophores, as well as all the soluble ATPase reactions. Similar concentrations of each antibody were required for 50% inhibition of all these reactions, but anti-RrF1 was always somewhat more effective than anti-beta. These data indicate that the beta-subunit is involved in the catalytic site of the RrF1-enzyme. 3. The antibodies prepared against R. rubrum F1-ATPase and its beta-subunit could bind the soluble chloroplast F1-ATPase (CF1) and inhibited ATP-linked reactions carried out by chloroplasts and by soluble CF1. In these reactions, unlike in the R. rubrum ones, anti-beta was a more potent inhibitor than the anti-RrF1 antibody. The cross-reaction obtained between the antibodies raised against R. rubrum F1 and its beta-subunit and the chloroplast CF1 indicates the presence of similar antigenic determinants in the photosynthetic prokaryotic and eukaryotic F1 ATPases, which have been conserved during evolution. PMID- 6210526 TI - Isolation and properties of chloroplast coupling factor from wheat. AB - 1. Wheat chloroplast coupling factor (CF1) was extracted with a modification of the chloroform extraction method of Younis et al. (J. Biol. Chem. 252, 1814- 1818, 1977). A one-step purification on an 8--25% sucrose gradient yielded a CF1 which was at least 98% pure as judged by sodium dodecyl sulfate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. 2. Inclusion of proteolysis inhibitors during extraction and purification consistently gave a CF1 containing all five subunits. Selective loss of the sigma and epsilon subunits was observed when proteolysis inhibitors were omitted. 3. Proteolysis inhibitors prevented the release of wheat CF1 from the thylakoid by the low-ionic-strength wash method of Strotmann et al. (Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 314, 202--210, 1973). The enzyme extracted with chloroform and low ionic strength were compared by electrophoresis and no evidence of a difference in molecular weight of any subunit was observed. This suggests that a proteolytic event is not required for release of wheat CF1 by the low-ionic-strength method, even though release is inhibited by proteolysis inhibitors. 4. The gamma subunit of wheat CF1 probably contains at least one internal disulfide bridge, as the electrophoretic mobility of this subunit is lower in the presence of reducing agent than in its absence. 5. Wheat CF1 was viewed by the electron microscope after negative staining. Discrete particles, many appearing hexagonal, were observed at high magnifications. Markham rotational analysis confirmed that the enzyme has sixfold symmetry in at least one of its orientations. PMID- 6210528 TI - Solid-phase sequence analysis of polypeptides eluted from polyacrylamide gels. An aid to interpretation of DNA sequences exemplified by the Escherichia coli unc operon and bacteriophage lambda. AB - An approach to sequencing proteins by the solid-phase method combined with isolation of proteins and polypeptides by gel electrophoresis is described. Mixtures of proteins or polypeptides resulting from digests are fractionated in the presence of dodecylsulphate in polyacrylamide gels. They are detected with Coomassie blue, eluted, selectively reacted with porous glass derivatives and sequenced in their amino-terminal regions with the aid of a new microsequencer. Alternatively they can be analysed or digested with enzymes and fingerprinted. It is a relatively rapid method of purifying proteins for sequence analysis which we have used to provide partial protein sequence data to complement DNA sequences. Nine genes, four from the unc operon of Escherichia coli encoding the alpha, beta, gamma and epsilon subunits of ATP synthase and five for capsid proteins of bacteriophage lambda, have been identified by this method. PMID- 6210527 TI - Identification of a bacterial energy-transducing ATPase as a metallo (Zn2+) protein. Effect of chelating agents and divalent metal ions on ATPase activity. AB - Purified F1-ATPase from Micrococcus lysodeikticus contains zinc in the amount of 1 mol/mol of enzyme. This zinc content correlates with standard values of ATPase activity (assayed with Ca2+-ATP as substrate) of the protein, i.e. 5--6 mumol substrate hydrolysed . min-1 . mg-1. Prolonged dialysis against EDTA results in a zinc-free protein which concomitantly loses its ATPase activity. Chelators such as Zincon, EDTA and L-cysteine inhibit the ATPase activity in concentration and/or time dependence related to their affinity for the metal ion involved. Reconstitution of the metallo (Zn2+) protein is demonstrated by the incorporation to the zinc-free protein of 65Zn2+ in amount near the 1 mol/mol of enzyme. This incorporation was concomitant with the regain of ATPase activity. The inhibition by EDTA and Zincon is reversed specifically by Zn2+ while the inhibition by EDTA is prevented by Zn2+ and Mn2+ and to, a minor extent, by Cd2+. Zn2+ and Ca2+ ions are involved and are probably mandatory in the ATPase activity of M. lysodeikticus F1 but their roles appear to be different and not exchangeable. Other divalent metal ions inhibit the Ca2+-ATPase activity of the Zn2+ protein by the following decreasing order; Hg2+, Fe2+, Co2+, Cd2+, Mn2+, Mg2+. M. lysodeikticus F1-ATPase is thus identified as a metallo (zinc) protein, which requires additional divalent metal ions for ATP hydrolysis. PMID- 6210529 TI - Limited proteolysis of the 94 000-dalton subunit of Panulirus interruptus hemocyanin; the carbohydrate attachment site. AB - Limited proteolysis of the native monomeric 94-kDa subunit of Panulirus interruptus hemocyanin by trypsin, plasmin and subtilisin produces an 18-kDa fragment, a 71-kDa fragment and a small glycopeptide. In the plasmin digest a 23 kDa precursor of the 18-kDa fragment has been observed. Automatic Edman degradations demonstrated that the 18-kDa fragments have their origin at the N terminus of the 94-kDa subunit and incubations with carboxypeptidase A showed that the 71-kDa fragments originate from the C terminus. The glycopeptide is situated in between. The amino acid sequence of the glycopeptide has been determined. Its carbohydrate content accounts for the total carbohydrate of the 94-kDa subunit. All three proteases cleave the subunit at two positions within a very restricted area of the polypeptide chain, which indicates the presence of an exposed loop, carrying the carbohydrate chain, in the corresponding part the native molecule. PMID- 6210530 TI - Enzymic synthesis of lignin precursors. Purification and properties of UDP glucose: coniferyl-alcohol glucosyltransferase from cambial sap of spruce (Picea abies L.). AB - UDPglucose:coniferyl-alcohol glucosyltransferase was isolated from cambial sap of spruce (Picea abies). An apparently homogeneous enzyme was obtained by a seven step procedure including dye-ligand chromatography. The enzyme has an Mr of about 50 000 and consists of one polypeptide chain. Transferase activity is not influenced by metal ions. The enzyme shows a pronounced substrate specificity towards UDPglucose and coniferyl alcohol with Km values of respectively 220 microM and 250 microM. The only reaction product is coniferin (coniferyl alcohol 7-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside). No formation of 'isoconiferin' (coniferyl alcohol 1 O-beta-D-glucoside) was detected. The reversibility of the reaction was proved by formation of [3H]UDPglucose from [3H]UDP and coniferin in the presence of the transferase. The products UDP and coniferin inhibit the reaction noncompetitively. Product inhibition patterns are consistent with a mono-iso ordered bibi mechanism involving two isomeric enzyme forms. PMID- 6210531 TI - Complexing of glycolipids and their transfer between membranes by the activator protein for degradation of lysosomal ganglioside GM2. AB - The lysosomal degradation of ganglioside GM2 by hexosaminidase A depends on the presence of the specific activator protein which mediates the interaction between micellar or membrane-bound ganglioside and water-soluble hydrolase. The mechanism and the glycolipid specificity of this activator were studied in more detail. 1. It could be shown with three different techniques (isoelectric focusing, centrifugation and electrophoresis) that the activator protein extracts glycolipid monomers from micelles or liposomes to give water-soluble complexes with a stoichiometry of 1 mol of glycolipid/mol of activator protein. Liposome bound ganglioside GM2 is considerably more stable against extraction and degradation than micellar ganglioside. 2. In the absence of enzyme the activator acts in vitro as glycolipid transfer protein, transporting glycolipids from donor to acceptor membranes. 3. The activator protein is rather specific for ganglioside GM2. Other glycolipids (GM3 GM1, GD1a and GA2) form less stable complexes with the activator and are transferred at a slower rate (except for ganglioside GM1) than ganglioside GM2. PMID- 6210532 TI - Purification and characterisation of a pore protein of the outer mitochondrial membrane from Neurospora crassa. AB - The major protein of the outer mitochondrial membrane of Neurospora was purified. On dodecylsulfate-containing gels it displayed a single band with an apparent molecular weight of 31 000. Reconstitution experiments with artificial lipid bilayers showed that this protein forms pores. Pore conductance was dependent on the voltage across the membrane. The protein inserted into the membrane in an oriented fashion, the membrane current being dependent on the sign of the voltage. Single pore conductance was 5nS, suggesting a diameter of 2 nm of the open pore. This mitochondrial protein shows a number of similarities to the outer membrane porins of gram-negative bacteria. PMID- 6210533 TI - International Symposium on Left Ventricular Hypertrophy. 6-7 November, 1981, Bordeaux, France. PMID- 6210534 TI - The multifactorial role of catecholamines in hypertensive cardiac hypertrophy. PMID- 6210535 TI - Coronary blood flow in left ventricular hypertrophy: a review of experimental data. PMID- 6210536 TI - The relationship of left ventricular function and mass in arterial hypertension. An echo and apexcardiographic comparison with sportsmen and controls. PMID- 6210537 TI - Pathophysiology of the hypertrophied heart in man. PMID- 6210538 TI - Relaxation abnormalities in cardiac hypertrophy. PMID- 6210539 TI - Chamber compliance and myocardial stiffness in left ventricular hypertrophy. PMID- 6210540 TI - Human cardiac hypertrophy: structural aspects. PMID- 6210541 TI - Regression of myocardial hypertrophy in the rat following removal of acute or chronic hypobaric hypoxia. PMID- 6210542 TI - Reversal of left ventricular hypertrophy by antihypertensive therapy. PMID- 6210543 TI - Echocardiographic documentation of regression of left ventricular hypertrophy in patients treated for essential hypertension. PMID- 6210544 TI - Left ventricular hypertrophy in aortic valve disease. Regression of ventricular mass and volume following surgery for chronic volume overload. PMID- 6210545 TI - Left ventricular hypertrophy in clinical practice: cardiomyopathies. PMID- 6210546 TI - The athlete's heart. PMID- 6210547 TI - Pathophysiological basis of ventricular hypertrophy. PMID- 6210548 TI - Electrocardiography and vectocardiography in the evaluation of left ventricular hypertrophy due to pressure overload. PMID- 6210549 TI - Echocardiographic assessment of left ventricular hypertrophy. PMID- 6210550 TI - The definition of ventricular hypertrophy. PMID- 6210551 TI - Isotopic investigations in left ventricular hypertrophy and cardiomyopathy: a luxury? PMID- 6210552 TI - Radiological methods in left ventricular hypertrophy. PMID- 6210553 TI - Polyamine metabolism in myocardial hypertrophy. PMID- 6210554 TI - Isoenzymic changes in myosin and hypertrophy; adaptation during chronic mechanical overload. PMID- 6210555 TI - Left ventricular hypertrophy--experimental aspects. PMID- 6210556 TI - Relationship between physical properties of the arterial system and left ventricular performance in the course of aging and arterial hypertension. PMID- 6210557 TI - New trends on evaluation of ovarian carcinoma's spread. PMID- 6210558 TI - Evaluation of ossification in jaw defects by radio-nuclide imaging. AB - The uptake of the bone-seeking radiopharmaceutical 99mTc-MDP in defects of the mandibula was quantitated from scintigraphic images. Activity ratios were calculated by means of ROI-technique. The four selected regions contained two control regions and two with mandibula defects. One defect was filled with a fibrin bonding agent and one remained unfilled. The time course of the ratios showed a significant higher uptake of 99mTc-MDP in the region of the filled defect in comparison with the unfilled defect. The measurement of the residual defect areas from histological sections prepared 18 weeks after introduction of the defects confirmed the much more intensive ossification in the filled defects which could also be derived from the evaluation of the scintigrams. The results indicate that it is possible to follow up osseous repair by quantitative evaluation of scintigraphic images. PMID- 6210560 TI - A case of Down's syndrome resulting from mirror duplication of chromosome 21. PMID- 6210559 TI - Emission computed tomography vs perfusion scanning in lung disease. AB - Emission computed tomography has achieved considerable credibility in thallium 201 cardiac imaging and in brain imaging studies. To date the procedure has had only limited application in the study of other organs. In the present study traditional perfusion lung scans were compared with horizontal, sagittal and frontal tomograms in 30 patients. Preliminary results showed agreement between the two methods in most cases. Tomography, however, gave more precise information about the site and extent of areas of deficient lung perfusion. In a small number of cases tomography also revealed defect not seen on conventional scans. In patients with cardiomegaly in whom conventional scanning data were difficult to assess, tomography proved enlightening. PMID- 6210561 TI - Pharmacokinetics of tryptophan, renal handling of kynurenine and the effect of nicotinamide on its appearance in plasma and urine following L-tryptophan loading of healthy subjects. AB - The pharmacokinetics of tryptophan, the temporal occurrence of kynurenine (KYN) and 3-hydroxykynurenine (3-HK) in plasma and urine, and the effect of nicotinamide on tryptophan metabolism were studied in 6 healthy subjects after oral administration of L-tryptophan 100 mg per kg body weight. The peak concentration of tryptophan in plasma occurred after 1 to 2 h, tryptophan disappeared linearly from 2 to 5 h and exponentially from 5 to 8 h. Urinary tryptophan excretion was negligible. The peak concentration of KYN in plasma occurred after 4 h and it was correlated significantly with the area under the plasma curve (AUC) of KYN of the subjects investigated. The AUC in plasma of KYN was significantly correlated with urinary KYN excretion within individuals, but not in the group as a whole. The data suggest that KYN was reabsorbed by renal tubules and that the degree of reabsorption was subject to large interindividual variation. The peak concentration in plasma of 3-HK occurred 11 min later than that of KYN. The results suggest that the net tubular effect on 3-HK was secretion. Pre-treatment with nicotinamide (0.5 g three times daily) resulted in considerable decreases in AUC in plasma, and in urinary excretion of KYN and 3 HK, indicating inhibition of liver tryptophan pyrrolase. The concomitant increase in AUC in plasma of free and total tryptophan was insignificant. As only a relatively small amount of tryptophan is catabolized by tryptophan pyrrolase following an L-tryptophan load, cautious interpretation is recommended of urinary KYN excretion as an indicator of tryptophan break down in investigation of different subjects. PMID- 6210562 TI - Mezlocillin dose dependent elimination kinetics in renal impairment. AB - The effect of drug dose on mezlocillin elimination kinetics was examined in six subjects with normal renal function and in six anuric patients. Each subject received mezlocillin 1,3 and 5 g as single intravenous doses separated by one week. Elimination was not prolonged by increasing the dose in subjects with normal renal function, but elimination kinetics were dose dependent in anuric patients. Therapeutic guidelines are suggested. PMID- 6210563 TI - Role of non-H-2 antigens in the cytotoxic T cell response to allogeneic H-2. AB - A limiting dilution assay was used to compare the frequency of cytotoxic T lymphocyte precursors (CTL-P) which respond to H-2 antigens presented with additional background differences, with the frequency of CTL-P which respond to H 2 antigens on a self background. Individual cultures were divided and assayed for cytotoxic activity on the two targets sharing H-2, but not the background; no cultures were seen which clearly killed one and not the other, and the same frequency of CTL-P was measured on target cells that differed from the responder only at H-2 and on target cells that differed also in the background, irrespective of the background of the stimulator. Thus, the assumption that allospecific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) recognize H-2 plus minor histocompatibility antigens dose not serve as an adequate explanation for the high frequency of allospecific CTL. The data also suggest that the two allelic forms of beta2-microglobulin do not contribute to the alloantigenic determinant. PMID- 6210564 TI - [Immune complex nephritis in JY-2 strain guinea pigs]. PMID- 6210565 TI - Isolation of autofluorescent "aged" human fibroblasts by flow sorting. Morphology, enzyme activity and proliferative capacity. PMID- 6210566 TI - Reconstitution of squid and cattle rhodopsin by the use of metaretinochrome in their respective membranes. PMID- 6210567 TI - Stimulation of wound healing, using brain extract with fibroblast growth factor (FGF) activity. I. Quantitative and biochemical studies into formation of granulation tissue. AB - In rats with polyvinyl rings implanted under the dorsal skin, the formation of granulation tissue was found to be stimulated by application of brain extract with fibroblast growth factor (FGF) S3 activity which had been obtained from cattle. This stimulating effect on wound healing proved to depend on doses and was detectable in rats aged two and six months on the third and seventh postoperative days. The desired action could be induced only by repetitive administration of FGF S3 or by coupling of the latter to SYSpur-derm, a synthetic dermatoplastic material. More fractions with potential action upon formation of granulation tissue proved to be obtainable from further biochemical separation of FGF S3. One of such fractions was successfully concentrated to a potentiality by which one tenth of the normal dose yielded the same effect as the full dose. Hexosamine and hydroxyproline levels were measured, at the same time, and found to stimulate fibroblasts. The findings are discussed. PMID- 6210568 TI - Stimulation of wound healing, using brain extract with fibroblast growth factor (FGF) activity. II. Histological and morphometric examination of cells and capillaries. AB - Reported in this paper are studies by which evidence was produced to increased formation of granulation tissue in rats, aged two and six months, seven days after repeated localised administration of brain extract from cattle with FGF activity (fibroblast growth factor). Such increased formation of granulation tissue was attributable to the formation in the same granulation tissue of larger amounts of capillaries, which actually provided conditions for better blood supply. The above increase was associated with stimulation of the synthetic function of fibroblasts and myofibroblasts in the granulation tissue. Comprehensive morphometric tests, including differential counting, appeared to show that additional effects had to be assumed, in particular on macrophages and lymphocytes. Such increase in angiogenesis seemed to suggest that in the in vivo model studied FGF proved to be, first of all, a factor of angiogenesis rather than a factor of fibroblast growth. The above results, as obtained from rats which differed in age, exhibited a certain variation in response to FGF. This seems to underline the importance of age-dependent examination also in the context of pharmacological studies. PMID- 6210569 TI - Phosphate mediated regulation of some of the enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism in Neurospora crassa. PMID- 6210570 TI - [Evaluation of the toxicity of curare-like agents]. PMID- 6210571 TI - [Effect of nicotinic acid and nicotinamide on the activity of NADPH- and NADH dependent redox chains in rat liver endoplasmic reticulum]. AB - Nicotinic acid and nicotinamide injected to rats subcutaneously in a dose of 100 mg/kg produce after 4 hours an inhibition in liver microsomes of N-demethylation of amidopyrine, NADPH.H-ferricytochromo-c-, NAD.H-ferricytochromo-b5 oxidoreductases and NAD.H-oxidase. After 12 hours they stimulate p-hydroxylation of aniline, NADP.H-ferricytochromo-c-oxidoreductase, NADP.H-oxidase, NAD.H ferricyanide- and NAD.H-ferricytochromo-b5-oxidoreductases. The content of cytochrome P450 and activity of NADP.H-nitrotetrasolium-reductase were decreased by that time. PMID- 6210572 TI - Genetic evidence for distinct catalytic and regulatory subunits in yeast phosphofructokinase. PMID- 6210573 TI - The tonB gene product in Escherichia coli. Energy-coupling or molecular processing of permeases? PMID- 6210574 TI - Vanadate inhibition of the Ca2+-dependent conformational change of the sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase. PMID- 6210575 TI - Differentiation of two states of F1-ATPase by nucleotide analogs. PMID- 6210576 TI - Identification of a receptor for IgG on human granulocytes. PMID- 6210577 TI - Force and ATPase rate in skinned skeletal muscle fibers. AB - Measurements of ATPase, force, and their ratio in chemically and mechanically skinned segments of muscle fibers provide a measure of steady-state kinetics of actomyosin interactions under force-generating conditions and thereby provide unique chemomechanical information. Preparations in which nonactomyosin ATPases are inhibited are available. The ratio of steady-state ATPase to steady-state isometric force (tension cost) was not altered significantly at different degrees of activation of contraction by Ca2+ or by shrinking the fiber lattice progressively to reduce force to zero. A fivefold decrease in tension cost was measured at low MgATP concentrations; data indicate either a decreased cross bridge cycling time or an increased force per cross-bridge. PMID- 6210578 TI - [Treatment experience with chronic prostatitis]. PMID- 6210579 TI - [Complications of antibiotic therapy]. PMID- 6210580 TI - [Work experience of a first-aid team in dispensary care for the population]. PMID- 6210581 TI - [Prophylactic examinations of students]. PMID- 6210582 TI - Ovulation stigma in fertile women. PMID- 6210583 TI - [Contribution of V.N. Chernigovskii to diving physiology and medicine]. PMID- 6210584 TI - [Relation between the dynamic and static sensitivity of primary muscle spindle endings]. PMID- 6210585 TI - Preliminary evaluation of extraoral and intraoral lesions. PMID- 6210586 TI - [Severe poikiloderma and tolamolol (author's transl)]. PMID- 6210587 TI - An usual presentation of fixed drug eruption. PMID- 6210589 TI - Erythrokeratodermia progressiva symmetrica: report of 10 cases. PMID- 6210588 TI - Cyproterone acetate in the treatment of acne vulgaris in adult females. AB - 22 adult females with therapy-resistant acne vulgaris were treated for 12 months with Diane, a drug containing cyproterone acetate and ethinylestradiol. Treatment was withdrawn in 7 patients because of side-effects of lack of of effect. In the remaining 15 patients, the treatment had extremely promising results, from 70 to 90% improvement of the acne. In a remarkably high number of patients, the androgen production, measured by the urinary excretion of fractional 17 ketosteroids, was elevated. None of these patients had signs of endocrinological diseases, in particular no cases of hirsutism of Stein-Leventhal syndrome were found. The current concept of the course of acne is that the conversion in the skin of testosterone to dehydrotestosterone is increased. The finding of an elevated urinary excretion of androgenic substances in this group of acne patients indicates that the pathogenesis is far more complicated. PMID- 6210590 TI - The low dose streptozotocin murine model of type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus: studies in vivo and in vitro of the modulating effect of sex hormones. AB - The influence of sex on pancreatic islet B cell susceptibility to streptozotocin was studied in mice given multiple low doses of streptozotocin. Male C3 D2 F1 mice developed a steadily increasing blood glucose level after a lag period of about 3 weeks, in contrast to females who were resistant. Spleen cells from streptozotocin treated female animals produced hyperglycaemia in total body irradiated syngeneic female recipients, but only if the recipients were treated with testosterone. Testosterone treatment of donors did not affect blood glucose levels of recipients. Streptozotocin cytotoxicity in vitro determined by a 51Cr release assay revealed an increased sensitivity to streptozotocin in dispersed islet cells from adult male animals as compared with cells from adult female mice. The incubation of islet cells from animals of either sex with testosterone, or oestradiol plus progesterone, did not enhance the susceptibility to streptozotocin. Islet cells from sexually immature male or female mice were less susceptible to streptozotocin. The results demonstrate that sex determines susceptibility to streptozotocin in vivo and in vitro. PMID- 6210591 TI - High-output heart failure in hepatic cirrhosis. PMID- 6210592 TI - [Efficacy and tolerability of intramuscular mezlocillin in severe respiratory tract infections]. PMID- 6210593 TI - A simple and convenient assay method for phosphorolysis of 5'-deoxy-5 fluorouridine. AB - 5'-Deoxy-5-fluorouridine (5'-DFUR) exhibits antitumor activity through its conversion to 5-fluorouracil by uridine phosphorylase (UPase) in mice. This mode of activation was confirmed by the fact that a mutant strain of Micrococcus flavus resistant to 5'-DFUR but sensitive to 5-fluorouracil was isolated and found to be deficient in UPase activity. Furthermore, since the enzyme level in tumor tissue should be useful as an indicator for therapy with 5'-DFUR, a simple assay method for the enzyme activity with use of the above bacterium was developed, in which the amount of 5-fluorouracil cleaved from 5'-DFUR by the enzyme was estimated through its antibacterial activity without separation from 5'-DFUR. This method is simple and efficient for handling a large number of samples. PMID- 6210594 TI - Relationship between lymphocyte proliferation and migration inhibitory factor production in response to autologous tumor extract in cancer patients. AB - In forty-nine patients with various carcinomas, cell-mediated immune response to 3M KCl extract of autologous tumor was studied with the use of both lymphocyte proliferation (LP) assay and macrophage migration inhibition (MMI) assay simultaneously. There was no correlation between stimulation index in LP assay and migration index in MMI assay in these simultaneous tests. The results of this study indicate dissociation between cell proliferation and migration inhibitory factor production of lymphocytes in response to autologous tumor extract in patients with various carcinomas. PMID- 6210595 TI - Peritoneoscopic study on rat liver cell necrosis induced by carbon tetrachloride and allyl formate. AB - The surface changes of acute centrolobular and perilobular necrosis were studied in rat liver using peritoneoscopy. Centrolobular necrosis as induced by carbon tetrachloride and perilobular necrosis by allyl formate. Vessels observed on the control rat liver surface were identified as terminal hepatic veins by irrigation of the hepatic vein with a barium solution. Polygonal whitish markings were observed on the liver surface 48 hours after carbon tetrachloride administration. Terminal hepatic veins were regularly distributed throughout the central portions of the whitish areas. Reddish spots about 0.1 mm in diameter were scattered about the terminal hepatic veins. The reddish spots and whitish areas corresponded to the histological findings of central liver cell necrosis and infiltration by Kupffer and white blood cells. Six hours after allyl formate administration, round reddish spots about 0.3 mm in diameter were regularly distributed on the liver surface among the terminal hepatic veins. These spots corresponded to the histological findings of liver cell necrosis around the portal area. In summary, acute centrolobular and perilobular liver cell necrosis were newly observed as reddish spots by peritoneoscopy. PMID- 6210596 TI - Defective autologous mixed-lymphocyte reaction and suppressor cell generation in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. AB - Impaired regulation of immune function may contribute to the abnormal immune responses associated with idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease. We examined the autologous mixed-lymphocyte culture in inflammatory bowel disease patients because this reaction may reflect self regulation of immune responses in vivo and results in activation of suppressor T cells in vitro. We also examined suppressor T-cell generation in two separate assays. In contrast to healthy and disease controls who had normal values, the autologous mixed-lymphocyte culture response was diminished in 44 of 51 (86%) patients with inflammatory bowel disease, independent of disease type, activity, or steroid therapy. Fourteen of 17 inflammatory bowel disease patients (83%) had decreased suppressor T-cell generation. These results show a distinct abnormality in autologous mixed lymphocyte culture reactivity and in generation of suppressor cells in inflammatory bowel disease. Such impaired immune regulation may be partly responsible for the immunologic aberrations observed in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. PMID- 6210598 TI - The autologous mixed-lymphocyte reaction. PMID- 6210597 TI - Penetrating duodenal ulcer associated with an operatively implanted arterial chemotherapy infusion catheter. AB - A 65-yr-old man with hepatic metastases from adenocarcinoma of the colon treated with hepatic arterial infusion of 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine and radiation therapy, presented with major gastrointestinal bleeding from an endoscopically documented giant duodenal ulcer with a portion of the hepatic arterial catheter visible in the ulcer crater. A penetrating giant duodenal ulcer was confirmed during an operative procedure. This patient with giant duodenal ulcer penetration associated with an operatively implanted arterial infusion catheter represents an unusual complication of this form of chemotherapy for hepatic tumors. PMID- 6210599 TI - [Twin pregnancy after laparoscopic oocyte recovery, in-vitro fertilization and embryotransfer (author's transl)]. PMID- 6210601 TI - [Seasonal employment and work regimens of women machinery operators]. PMID- 6210600 TI - [Clinical and biochemical results during the treatment with marvelon, a new oral contraceptive (author's transl)]. AB - Marvelon was tolerated without side effects by 338 women during 2,104 cycles. Although some errors of administration were made by patients there were no pregnancies. In contradistinction to other low dosage combination oral contraceptives this new oral contraceptive has a good control of the menstrual cycle. The incidence of clinical side effects was low. An over-suppression syndrome after the discontinuation of the treatment was not observed. Hormonal assays were done in order to investigate the difficult problems of oligomenorrhoea in adolescents with oral contraception. A marked inhibition of ovulation evident by low values of pituitary ovarian hormones was found. When the treatment was discontinued the majority of the patients showed ovulation in the first post-treatment cycle. PMID- 6210602 TI - [Daily regimen and the work capacity of 2d-grade schoolchildren in a full-day school]. PMID- 6210603 TI - [Action, on animals, of dusts from mixed feeds used in commercial animal husbandry]. PMID- 6210604 TI - [Organochlorine pesticide content in Lakes Saki and Mainak and the possible routes of their entry]. PMID- 6210605 TI - [Physical development of preschool children in Kirovsk, Murmansk Province]. PMID- 6210606 TI - [Lighting of the work place in schools for the vision-impaired]. PMID- 6210607 TI - Pit and fissure sealants: the profession's newest breakthrough in primary prevention. PMID- 6210608 TI - Voiding disorders after radical hysterectomy. PMID- 6210609 TI - [Lichenoid skin eruption due to quinidine]. PMID- 6210610 TI - [The place of echography compared to endoscopic methods in gastroenterology]. PMID- 6210611 TI - [Analysis of protective mechanisms--relationship between activity of non-immune macrophages and immune responses (author's transl)]. PMID- 6210612 TI - Recurrent midback pain with no apparent cause. PMID- 6210613 TI - X-ray casebook: the case of the stenotic renal artery. PMID- 6210615 TI - Peritoneoscopic diagnosis of primary leiomyosarcoma of liver. PMID- 6210614 TI - Multiple sclerosis: current concepts and management. PMID- 6210617 TI - Moderate Down's syndrome in three siblings having partial trisomy 21q22.2 to qter and therefore no SOD-1 excess. PMID- 6210616 TI - Human chromosomal polymorphism. I. Chromosomal Q polymorphism in Mongoloid populations of Central Asia. AB - A comparative study of frequencies and types of Q-polymorphic variants in seven autosome pairs (3, 4, 13-15, 21, and 22) was performed in three steppe Mongoloid populations of Central Asia (Kazakhs, Dunghans, Mongolians) and three highland Kirghiz populations of Pamir and Tien-Shan. The three steppe Mongoloid populations showed statistically significant homogeneity both in the frequency of Q-polymorphic variants and the distribution of homo- and heteromorphs, with complete agreement of observed frequencies with those theoretically predicted by the law of Hardy-Weinberg. Similar homogeneity was revealed in the three highland Kirghiz populations of Pamir and Tien-Shan. However, comparative analysis of highland and steppe Mongoloids revealed significant differences in the following variables: (1) mean number of Q variants per individual, 2.50 and 3.49 in the highland and steppe populations, respectively; (2) frequency of Q variants in 7 of the 12 autosomes studied; and (3) distribution of homo- and heteromorphs in four autosomal pairs (13-15, 21), with a preponderance of individuals with increased hemomorph (-/-) frequency in highlanders. The following questions are discussed: (1) the possible selective value of chromosomal Q-heterochromatin material in the adaptation of human populations to extreme environmental factors, in particular to the high-altitude environment of Pamir and Tien-Shan; (2) the existence of intraracial heterogeneity in Mongoloids living in different ecological zones; and (3) the possible taxonomic value of Q-variant inversion in chromosome 3. PMID- 6210618 TI - Maternally transmitted extra ring (21) chromosome in a boy with Down's syndrome. PMID- 6210619 TI - Human chromosomal polymorphism. II. Chromsomal C polymorphism in Mongoloid populations of Central Asia. AB - C polymorphism of chromosomes 1, 9 and 16 was studied in 447 Mongoloids of Central Asia living under different ecological conditions; two highland (Kirghiz) and three steppe (Kazakh, Mongolian, and Dungan) populations. C band sizes were estimated according to the semiquantitative 5-level method of Patil and Lubs (1977). All the ethnic groups studied showed statistically significant homogeneity in the frequency of C variants. It is suggested that chromosomal C heterochromatin material has no selective value in the process of human adaptation to extreme high-altitude factors. PMID- 6210621 TI - Cytogenetic studies of a family with trisomy 21 mosaicism in two successive generations as the cause of Down's syndrome. PMID- 6210620 TI - Diagnosis of Hunter's syndrome carriers; radioactive sulphate incorporation into fibroblasts in the presence or fructose 1-phosphate. AB - Mutual correction of co-cultivated fibroblasts from patients with Hunter's and Hurler's syndrome could be inhibited by either fructose 1-phosphate or mannose 6 phosphate. In the presence of fructose 1-phosphate a 50% mixture of fibroblasts from a patient with Hunter's syndrome and a normal homozygous individual showed an increased 35S-sulphate incorporation into acid mucopolysaccharides. When fibroblast cultures from one obligate and two possible carriers of Hunter's syndrome were tested for 35S-sulphate incorporation, the cultures showed either twice the normal 35S-sulphate incorporation into acid mucopolysaccharides in the presence of fructose 1-phosphate or an abnormally high incorporation in the presence as well as in the absence of the sugar phosphate. PMID- 6210623 TI - Differential responses to gamma-irradiation of bifunctional activities of bovine plasmin. PMID- 6210622 TI - Antibody mediated delivery of toxic molecules to antigen bearing target cells. PMID- 6210624 TI - HLA-D antigens in progressive systemic sclerosis (scleroderma). PMID- 6210625 TI - Effect of African swine fever on lymphocyte mitogenesis. AB - The effect of African swine fever virus replication on T and B lymphocytes was studied by mitogen-driven assays. Live attenuated isolates caused a marked suppressive effect which was dose- and time-dependent. This effect appeared to be mediated through a monokine. Live virulent isolates enhanced lymphocyte mitogenesis in most cases, with increased [3H]-thymidine uptake by T cells and increased Ig secretion by B cells. Killed preparation had no effect. These results are discussed in the light of the allergic response and immunopathological lesions produced by African swine fever virus infections. PMID- 6210626 TI - Positive selection of T-cell subsets. I. Proliferative responses of Lyt 2 separated thymocytes and splenic T cells. AB - Flow microfluorometry analysis of peanut lectin non-agglutinable (PNA-) thymocytes (ThC) reveals the existence of 30%-50% Lyt 1,2,3+ and 50%-70% Lyt 1+,2,3- subpopulations. Using positive selection on anti-immunoglobulin-coated (Mage) plates, we selected PNA- Lyt 2+ and PNA- Lyt 2- ThC as well as their peripheral counterparts in the spleen. These populations were tested in parallel for their ability to respond to concanavalin A (Con A) and phytohaemagglutinin (PHA), to respond to allogeneic stimulation in the mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR); ThC subpopulations were also tested for their ability to provide synergy with lymph node cells (LNC) in the MLR. It was found that (a) Lyt 2- cells of both thymic and splenic origin responded to all doses of Con A or PHA; (b) PNA- Lyt 2+ ThC were unresponsive to Con A or PHA, whereas splenic Lyt 2+ T cells responded to low doses of mitogens; and (c) PNA- ThC of both Lyt phenotypes responded in a MLR and provided synergy with LNC in the MLR. These data support the notion that Lyt 2+ cells of either PNA- or PNA+ subpopulations must undergo post-thymic maturation before becoming responsive to low doses of T-cell mitogens. PMID- 6210627 TI - Prostaglandin E2-mediated enhancement of human plasma cell differentiation. AB - Addition of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) to blood mononuclear cell cultures containing pokeweed mitogen (PWM) enhances plasma cell (PC) differentiation measured by intracytoplasmic immunoglobulin 7 days later. T-cell mitogenesis to concanavalin A is inhibited using the same concentrations of PGE2. PGE2 failed to enhance the PC differentiation of lymphocytes from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Indomethacin, on the other hand, either had no effect or suppressed PC differentiation. The data is discussed in terms of the effect of PGE2 on human suppressor T-cell function. PMID- 6210628 TI - T-cell subpopulations defined with monoclonal antibodies in patients with primary immunodeficiency. AB - Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 16 patients with common variable immunodeficiency and 4 with selective IgA deficiency were studied for the quantitative analysis of T-cells and T-cell subsets with distinct immunoregulatory properties, using a battery of monoclonal antibodies and the fluorescence-activated cell-sorter. The proportions of OKT4+ cells were decreased and OKT8+ cells were increased in patient groups when compared to normal controls analyzed simultaneously. 14/20 (70%) patients demonstrated a lower OKT4+/OKT8+ cell ratio compared to controls. Imbalance of immunoregulatory T-cells may explain one of the mechanisms of hypogammaglobulinemia in a subgroup of patients with primary immunodeficiency. PMID- 6210629 TI - The effect of ribavirin and rifamycin SV on age-dependent changes of the immune system during the adult life of SJL mice. AB - Ribavirin and Rifamycin SV, given from birth to adult life, arrest the loss of suppressor capacity, normally occurring in older SJL mice. The two drugs differ in their effect on Th-2-type help for the indirect plaque-forming response, i.e. for help which is independent of the carrier-hapten bridge. This type of help normally increases with age. Ribavirin treatment inhibits development of Th-2 type of help; Rifamycin SV does not interfere with the development of this type of help. Neither of the two drugs had an effect on the ability of SJL mice, not treated with aggregate-freed RGG, to make a plaque-forming response to aggregated RGG. PMID- 6210630 TI - Proteolytic fragments of the receptors for IgE. AB - Partially purified IgE receptor(s) of rat basophilic leukemia cells (RBL) designated R and H and having apparent molecular weight of 45,000 and 55,000 daltons, respectively, were subjected to proteolysis with papain. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the digests in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate revealed a difference in the size and number of the fragments produced. These results suggest that these two receptor molecules are different with respect to amino acid composition and sequence. Whole Nonidet P-40 extracts of RBL cells were also subjected to digestions with papain, trypsin and chymotrypsin in an attempt to obtain receptor fragments still capable of binding to IgE-Sepharose. Treatment with papain produced a 38,000 dalton fragment of H but no fragments of R which retained the ability to bind to IgE. Tryptic and chymotryptic treatment produced a 41,000 dalton fragment of H with affinity for IgE. The IgE-binding site of R was either destroyed or not affected at all. PMID- 6210632 TI - Liver tissue graft rejection in murine major histocompatibility complex mutants. AB - Liver tissue grafts between seven H-2 mutants and their parental strains have been studied. Each of these mutants was originally identified by reciprocal mutant--parental strain skin graft rejection. However, liver grafts among mutants and parental standard strains are not uniformly rejected. Liver graft rejection also fails to correlate with mutant--parental stimulation on CML and MLC. In addition, the immune reaction pattern of female mutant animals against grafts of male liver differs from the reaction pattern found in parental standard strains. Several explanations for the differences between immune response to liver and skin grafts are proposed, including different T cell subsets involved in recognition, availability of antigenic sites to immunocompetent cells, and structural differences between mutant and parental H-2 antigens. PMID- 6210631 TI - The alpha chain, not the beta chain of HLA-DR antigens participates in activation of T cells in autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction. PMID- 6210633 TI - [Present and future status of dental care for the handicapped]. PMID- 6210634 TI - [Civil rights of adult handicapped]. PMID- 6210635 TI - Expression of a high-affinity mechanism for acquisition of transferrin iron by Neisseria meningitidis. AB - Iron-starved meningococci grown at either pH 7.2 or 6.6 were capable of removing and incorporating iron from human transferrin by a saturable, cell surface mechanism that specifically recognized transferrin rather than iron. The maximum expression of the iron uptake system occurred after 4 h of iron starvation. The uptake of the iron was dependent upon a functioning electron transport chain and was sensitive to 60 degrees C and trypsin. Cells grown under iron-sufficient conditions were incapable of accumulating iron from transferrin. No evidence was found for a primary role for cell-free soluble siderophores in the removal of iron from transferrin. The nonpathogenic neisseriae, Neisseria flava and N. sicca, were unable to utilize iron on transferrin. PMID- 6210637 TI - Mechanisms of action of Mycobacterium bovis BCG-induced suppressor cells in mitogen-induced blastogenesis. AB - Spleen cells from Mycobacterium bovis BCG-infected C57B1/6 mice when cultured in vitro for 72 h elicited soluble suppressor mediators capable of nonspecifically suppressing the mitogen-induced blastogenesis of normal splenocytes. Maximal production of suppressor mediators occurred during the first 24 h in culture, and their production ceased after 72 h. Attempts to isolate the mediators from fresh nonincubated splenocytes failed. After incubation, a strong residual suppressive activity was constantly detected in cell preparations used for production of suppressor factors. Supernatants prepared from cultures of spleen cells of mice infected 14 days earlier possessed higher suppressive activity than did those obtained 28 days after infection. In contrast, the residual cellular suppressive activity increased during the course of the infection. Although the activity of soluble factors was not inhibited, the residual activity of incubated cells was highly depressed by the presence of mouse erythrocytes in the cultures. Thus, the incubated cells appear to act through a direct cell-to-cell contact with the mitogen-responding cells. Finally, the results of depletion experiments suggest that the two populations of BCG-induced suppressor cells, namely, T lymphocytes and macrophage-like cells, are able to elicit suppressor mediators and to retain thereafter suppressive activity. PMID- 6210636 TI - Localization in Yersinia pestis of peptides associated with virulence. AB - An avirulent guanine auxotroph of wild-type Yersinia pestis was used to select isogenic mutants lacking invasive determinants of virulence including V and W antigens (Vwa-), genetically linked fibrinolysin, coagulase, and pesticin activities (Pst-), and the capacity to absorb exogenous pesticin and pigments including hemin (Pgm-). After growth in environments known to favor expression of these factors by the parent, cells were converted to spheroplasts and disrupted to obtain preparations of cytoplasm; particulate matter was separated into inner and outer membranes by sucrose gradient centrifugation. Peptides present in these fractions were then solubilized and compared by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Components unique to Vwa+ cells, including V antigen, were restricted to the cytoplasmic fraction. In contrast, peptides possibly corresponding to fibrinolysin and coagulase were located primarily within the outer membrane of the Pst+ parent; pesticin was not identified. Similarly, a major outer membrane peptide, possibly representing the pesticin and pigment receptor, was peculiar to the Pgm+ parent. Accordingly, two of the virulence factors examined (Pst+ and Pgm+) can interact directly with host cells or fluids by virtue of their location on the bacterial surface. The remaining cytoplasmic Vwa+ determinant remains a candidate for a regulatory system whose role in pathogenicity is expression of functions required for intracellular survival. PMID- 6210639 TI - Outpatient gynecological surgery. PMID- 6210638 TI - Cryptococcal capsular polysaccharide-induced modulation of murine immune responses. AB - Cryptococcus neoformans, an opportunistic fungal pathogen, often causes serious and life-threatening infections in immunocompromised hosts as well as in normal individuals. In the present study, purified cryptococcal capsular polysaccharide antigen was examined for its effect on several parameters of immune response and its ability to induce immune response to itself. Injection of the antigen into mice resulted in a dose-related specific antibody response which was detected at the individual antibody plaque-forming-cell level by a hemolytic assay in gel. Relatively low doses of cryptococci induced a maximal response, whereas higher doses resulted in a markedly depressed response. The antibody response to the cryptococcal capsular polysaccharide antigen appeared to be T cell independent and regulated by suppressor T cells, since mice injected with antilymphocyte serum or antithymocyte serum showed specific antibody responses to the antigen that were higher than those of untreated mice. It also markedly affected the in vitro mixed-lymphocyte reaction when added to cultures of mouse spleen cells being challenged in vitro with mitomycin C-treated allogeneic cells. The lower doses stimulated the response, whereas higher doses suppressed it. The macrophage response to yeast cells but not opsonized sheep erythrocytes was also modulated by the cryptococcal antigen. PMID- 6210641 TI - Interaction of the three main components of clupeine with glycosaminoglycans. AB - The interactions between each of the three main components of clupeine (YI, YII and Z) and the glycosaminoglycans chondroitin sulfate, heparin and hyaluronic acid were studied with circular dichroism spectroscopy. The induced dichroism is a measure of relative complex stability, which increases with the number of sulfate groups on the glycosaminoglycan. Measuring the induced dichroism as a function of mole ratio of disaccharide to arginine establishes the stoichiometry of the complexes. For a given glycosaminoglycan, the induced dichroism depends on the clupeine, increasing the order YI less than YII less than Z. PMID- 6210640 TI - Experimental antigen-antibody complex disease in mice. The role of antibody levels, antibody affinity and circulating antigen-antibody complexes. AB - Chronic antigen-antibody complex disease (A-ACD) was induced in mice by daily injections of HSA. The disease was characterized by death, intense glomerular basement membrane deposition of complexes in the kidneys, proteinuria and an impairment of the glomerular filtration rate. In mice that had been selectively bred to produce antibody of low affinity to protein antigens injected in saline, the incidence of chronic A-ACD was 61% compared to 21% in mice selectively bred to produce antibody of high affinity. Low affinity female mice produced approximately ten times as much free antibody to HSA as did low affinity males and high affinity males and females, but this did not result in an increase incidence of chronic A-ACD in low affinity female mice. Low affinity female mice also had the highest levels of circulating antigen-antibody complexes detected by conglutinin and Clq binding assays, but there was no correlation between the presence of high levels of complexes in serum and tissue damage. In both lines of mice the mean affinity of free antibody to HSA started low and increased with time and the number of injections of antigen. However, development of chronic A ACD in individual low affinity mice appeared to be associated with a failure to produce this time-associated increase in antibody affinity. These results are discussed with reference to the relevance of the measurement of the amount of affinity of free antibody in serum and the levels of circulating antigen-antibody complexes to the production of tissue damage in this model of chronic A-ACD. PMID- 6210642 TI - Streptozotocin-induced renal tumors in rats: microangiographic-histologic correlation. AB - A combination of histologic and barium perfusion-microangiographic methods have been employed to correlate cytologic and microangiographic characteristics of Streptozotocin-induced renal tumors in rats. Four of 11 rats developed renal tumors within six to seven months following Streptozotocin administration. A total of twelve tumors was found in these animals. The neoplasms displayed a continuum of benign and malignant cytologic characteristics and varied considerably in extent of vascularity, as seen on microangiography. One tumor appeared locally invasive beyond the confines of its pseudo-capsule. Microangiography depicted well the microvascular features of these tumors and correlated closely with the histologic findings. PMID- 6210643 TI - The limited utility of the plain chest film in the assessment of left ventricular structure and function. AB - The determination of radiographic cardiac size as an estimation of the state of cardiac function is one of the more common correlations made. Despite the widespread use of these measurements, the correlation between cardiac function and radiographic appearance, and the validity of clinical judgments based on this correlation, has not been fully determined. Similarly, the increment in left ventricular chamber size necessary to produce a change in the plain film appearance of the left ventricle has not been defined. The results of a two observer, blind, retrospective analysis of plain film radiographs of the chest, and related quantitative left ventricular angiograms, and left ventricular pressure studies performed on 256 patients is presented. The sensitivity, speficity, predictive value and accuracy of six previously described plain film measurements of left ventricular size together with determinations of the extent of left ventricular volume change necessary to produce a perceptible change in the plain film radiographic appearance of the left ventricle are reported. The performance of each of these measurements proved to be disappointing. A sensitivity of 75% was not possible using any of the methods unless the left ventricular chamber volume was more than 66% above the upper limit of normal. PMID- 6210645 TI - Myoclonus and Huntington's chorea: description of a case. PMID- 6210644 TI - Effects of DA agonist in Huntington disease hyperkinesia. AB - Apomorphine, bromocryptine, lysuride, diazepam and cyproheptadine were administered to 11 patients with Huntington's disease (HD). The evaluation of the pharmacologic activity of different drugs on abnormal involuntary movements (AIM) was determined by means of an arbitrary clinical method. Apomorphine, diazepam and cyproheptadine succeeded in improving the AIM, while bromocryptine and lysuride did not modify the clinical pattern or provoked (bromocryptine) a worsening in some patients. The growth hormone (GH) responses to apomorphine and bromocryptine were determined in 6 patients. The relationship between clinical, endocrine results and pharmacologic action of apomorphine is discussed, suggesting that the reducing effect of apomorphine on AIM of HD may be due to its sedative action. PMID- 6210646 TI - Role of blood transfusions on the induction of antibodies against recognition sites on T lymphocytes in renal transplant patients. AB - We have tested sera from 23 renal allograft recipients to study the effects of blood transfusions on the induction of antibodies directed against recognition sites on T lymphocytes. The results demonstrate that antibodies capable of inhibiting responses in MLC could be induced by blood transfusion. This inhibition in MLC is observed by treatment of responder lymphocytes with serum plus rabbit complement and is mediated by IgG antibodies. Also, the inhibitory effect is specific for certain responder cells and is not mediated by antibodies against common surface antigens of either the responder or the stimulator lymphocytes. The antibodies inhibiting proliferative responses in MLC against antigens present on the kidney donor were demonstrable in renal transplant recipients with functional allografts, but not in patients who had rejected the graft. The data suggest that antibodies directed against recognition sites on T lymphocytes could be induced by blood transfusions and these antibodies may be associated with prolonged graft survival. PMID- 6210647 TI - Laparoscopy: a retrospective study with two or more years follow-up of patients in a small community hospital. PMID- 6210648 TI - Chronic respiratory disease in a horse infected with Dictyocaulus arnfieldi. AB - A 6-year-old Thoroughbred gelding was examined because of respiratory disease that developed after it was placed on pasture occupied by a donkey. Clinical signs in the gelding included a harsh, dry paroxysmal cough and increased expiratory effort. Eosinophils were seen in smears of mucus aspirated from the trachea and the bronchi. Immature, 5th-stage Dictyocaulus arnfieldi was identified in the tracheal mucus. The cough and other clinical signs were not diminished by corticosteroid therapy or by the administration of bronchodilators. Treatment with 10-fold therapeutic dosages of thiabendazole (440 mg/kg) on each of 2 successive days resulted in permanent cessation of the clinical signs. PMID- 6210649 TI - The development of the anterior abdominal wall in the rat in the light of a new anatomical description. AB - The development of the ventral abdominal muscles of the albino rat was studied histologically in 60 embryos and 10 postnatal specimens. The lower thoracic myotomes were seen to migrate ventrally in the lateral body wall, cross the middle line and continue with their contralateral fellows of the opposite side, thus forming a digastric mesodermal primordium. Differentiation of this primordium into fleshy bellies and intermediate aponeuroses occurred later in the prenatal period. Similar to the bilaminar arrangement of each of the human abdominal aponeuroses, recently described, each of the ventral abdominal muscles of the rat embryo was temporarily bilaminar; and similar to the trilaminar (plywood) arrangement of each wall of the human rectus sheath, the three lateral abdominal muscles of the rat embryo were so arranged. The tendinous intersections of the rectus muscle were seen only postnatally. They might be considered less as the remnants of a segmental origin, but rather as the intermediate tendons of a multigastric longitudinal muscle column. PMID- 6210650 TI - Histochemistry of the striated musculature in the opossum and human oesophagus. AB - The striated muscle component of the opossum oesophagus has been studied for fibre type as revealed by histochemical stains for succinic acid dehydrogenase, adenosine triphosphatase, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide dehydrogenase and after staining with the periodic acid-Schiff reagent. The reactions were compared to those obtained in a single human oesophagus. In both species, the striated muscle consisted of Type II fibres throughout, but at the pharyngeal end, some Type I fibres passed into the muscularis externa from the lower pharyngeal constrictor and extended for a short distance along the oesophagus. Differences in the reactions to these histochemical stains indicated that the Type II fibres of the opossum oesophageal musculature are subtype A, while those of the human are subtype B. PMID- 6210651 TI - Acceptability and digestibility by adult cats of diets made with various sources and levels of fat. AB - Three experiments were conducted to determine the acceptance and digestibility by adult cats of purified diets containing various fats. In the first experiment, a two-choice trial, one female and 11 male cats (2 to 7 kg body weight) were used to determine the acceptance of diets made with bleached tallow (BT) versus six alternate fats: chicken fat (CF), yellow grease (YG), lard (L), butter (B), unbleached tallow (UT) and partially hydrogenated vegetable fat (VF). Three groups of four cats each, individually housed, were tested during four consecutive 2-week periods, giving a total of eight cats per choice. The diet made with BT was preferred (P greater than .001) over those made with B or CF. In the second experiment, a two-choice trial, 14 male and 10 female cats (2 to 5 kg body weight), individually housed, were used to determine the acceptance of diets made with 10, 25 or 50% YG. One groups of 12 cats was used to test the inclusion of 25 versus 50% YG, and another group of 12 were used to test 25 versus 10% YG. The diet made with 25% fat was preferred over diets made with 10% (P greater than .001) or 50% fat (P greater than .02). The third experiment, with 12 male and 12 female cats (2 to 5 kg body weight), examined the digestibility of purified diets made with 25% CF, BT, UT, L and B and 10, 25 and 50% YG. Each diet was fed to six cats in metabolism cages for a 5-day preliminary period and a 5-day fecal and urine collection period. Chromic oxide was included in all diets as a marker. Digestibility coefficients were computed by both the marker method and the conventional food intake and fecal collection method. Mean digestion coefficients for dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE) and energy (E) for diets made with 25% CF, YG, L, B, UT, BT, 10% YG, 50% YG were, respectively: DM 90.6, 89.5, 90.8, 89.8, 87.1, 88.0, 87.4, 90.2%; CP-91.1, 91.5, 92.7, 92.0, 90.9, 90.8, 87.0, 94.8%; EE-98.6, 98.0, 98.6, 90.9, 90.8, 87.0, 94.8%; EE-98.6, 98.0, 98.6, 90.9, 90.8, 87.0, 94.8%; EE-98.6, 98.0, 98.6, 97.5, 98.1, 98.2, 90.4, 97.9%, and E-93.8, 93.1, 93.7, 92.2, 89.5, 89.9, 88.6, 92.8%. Mean digestion coefficients calculated from total fecal collection and from chromic oxide were: 88.5 and 89.9% for DM; 90.8 and 91.9% for CP; 98.0 and 97.3% for EE, and 91.6 and 92.1 for E. PMID- 6210652 TI - Influence of prepubertal consumption of zearalenone on sexual development of boars. AB - Littermate pairs of crossbred boars were fed 40 ppm zearalenone from 14 to 18 weeks of age, and the effects on reproductive development were examined. Compared to controls, boars fed zearalenone subsequently had reduced libido scores (P greater than.05), and fewer treated animals exhibited mating behavior. Plasma concentrations of testosterone were depressed (P greater than .05) during consumption of zearalenone. Zearalenone did not significantly affect age at which sperm were first voided in the urine (P greater than .25). Body weight and testicular size were not affected by zearalenone. At 36 weeks of age, testicular weight, epididymal weight, spermatid numbers, motility of cauda epididymal sperm and testicular morphology did not differ between control boars and those that had consumed zearalenone. PMID- 6210653 TI - Comparative in-vitro activity of MK0787 (N-formimidoyl thienamycin) against 540 blood culture isolates. PMID- 6210654 TI - Evaluation of cefoperazone in the therapy or urinary tract infections. PMID- 6210655 TI - Mezlocillin. Proceedings of a symposium, Dusseldorf, West Germany, 9-11 September 1981. PMID- 6210656 TI - Activity of mezlocillin against gram-negative and gram-positive organisms: comparison with other penicillins. PMID- 6210657 TI - Killing of azlocillin- and mezlocillin-induced filamentous forms of Pseudomonas aeruginosa by decreasing concentrations of penicillin. PMID- 6210658 TI - Evaluation of mezlocillin in aerobic and anaerobic infections. PMID- 6210659 TI - Comparative clinical evaluation of mezlocillin and carbenicillin. PMID- 6210660 TI - Comparative effectiveness, safety and tolerance of mezlocillin and ticarcillin: a prospective randomized trail. PMID- 6210661 TI - Effectiveness of mezlocillin in female genital tract infections. PMID- 6210662 TI - Mezlocillin: a broad spectrum penicillin highly active against gram-positive organisms and Haemophilus influenzae. PMID- 6210663 TI - Comparative studies of mezlocillin, carbenicillin and ampicillin in the treatment of acute pelvic infection. PMID- 6210664 TI - Multi-institutional study of mezlocillin therapy of urinary tract infections. PMID- 6210666 TI - Mezlocillin: treatment of skin and soft tissue infections. PMID- 6210665 TI - Treatment of complicated urinary tract infection with mezlocillin and ticarcillin, a comparative study. PMID- 6210667 TI - Comparative clinical evaluation of mezlocillin and cefoxitin. PMID- 6210668 TI - A randomized double blinded comparison of mezlocillin and ticarcillin for the treatment of respiratory infections. PMID- 6210669 TI - Experience of mezlocillin in immunocompromised patients. PMID- 6210670 TI - Mezlocillin and ticarcillin in the treatment of patients with serious systemic infections. PMID- 6210671 TI - Comparison of the efficacy and safety of mezlocillin and ticarcillin in the treatment of patients with serious systemic infections. PMID- 6210672 TI - The efficacy of mezlocillin in the therapy of bacteraemia. PMID- 6210673 TI - Pharmacokinetic studies of mezlocillin in newborn infants. PMID- 6210674 TI - Clinical pharmacology and efficacy of mezlocillin in paediatric patients with malignancy. PMID- 6210675 TI - Mezlocillin in neonatal infections: evaluation of efficacy and toxicity. PMID- 6210676 TI - Clinical aspects of mezlocillin-therapy in childhood. PMID- 6210677 TI - Mezlocillin in infants and children: efficacy, safety and pharmacokinetics. PMID- 6210678 TI - Clinical experience with mezlocillin in Europe-overview. PMID- 6210679 TI - The safety and tolerance of mezlocillin. PMID- 6210680 TI - Mezlocillin: role in management of infectious diseases. PMID- 6210681 TI - Bacteriological antagonism between acylureidopenicillins and cephalosporins. PMID- 6210682 TI - Antibiotic combinations against gram-negative bacilli and Staphylococcus aureus in cancer patients: comparative in-vitro and in-vivo activity of cefoperazone and mezlocillin singly or combined together. PMID- 6210683 TI - Evaluation of mezlocillin in discriminative animal models of infection. PMID- 6210684 TI - Kinetics of mezlocillin in patients with biliary t-tube drainage. PMID- 6210685 TI - Mezlocillin elimination in patients with impaired renal function. PMID- 6210686 TI - Dose-dependent pharmacokinetics of mezlocillin in subjects with normal and impaired renal function. PMID- 6210687 TI - Extracellular acid proteases from Neurospora crassa. AB - Three electrophoretically distinct acid proteases appear in culture filtrates of Neurospora crassa. Like the previously investigated alkaline and neutral proteases, these enzymes require induction by an exogenous protein. But in contrast to alkaline and neutral proteases, which are synthesized and secreted in response to limitation of any one of three nutrilites (carbon, nitrogen or sulfur), extracellular elaboration of the acidic proteases is more specifically a function of the missing nutrilite. AcP, a pepstatin-inhibitable enzyme similar to other fungal carboxyl proteases, was secreted in large amounts when protein was the sole source of sulfur. Only trace amounts were secreted when nitrogen was the limiting nutrilite, and it was undetectable under carbon limitation. M-1, a chelator-sensitive protease, was secreted when nitrogen or carbon was limiting. M 2, also chelator sensitive, was present only when nitrogen or sulfur was limiting. The evidence presented suggests that the differential regulation of the acidic proteases with respect to nutrilite deprivation may not occur at the level of transcription. AcP and M-2 were partially purified from nitrogen-derepressed cultures by ultrafiltration, cation-exchange chromatography, and gel filtration. AcP has a molecular weight of 66,000, is stable from pH 3.0 to 6.0, and is optimally active toward bovine serum albumin at pH 4.0. M-2 has a molecular weight of 18,000, is stable from pH 1.6 to 5.5, and has optimal activity at pH 4.5. PMID- 6210688 TI - Regulation of L-phenylalanine ammonia-lyase by L-phenylalanine and nitrogen in Neurospora crassa. AB - Neurospora crassa possesses an inducible L-phenylalanine ammonia-lyase that is expressed only when cells are derepressed for nitrogen in the presence of L phenylalanine. Enzyme synthesis requires both induction by L-phenylalanine and simultaneous nitrogen catabolite derepression. Carbon limitation in the presence of phenylalanine does not elicit induction of L-phenylalanine ammonia-lyase. Specific induction by L-phenylalanine is required, and other amino acids completely failed to induce any lyase activity. The nit-2 gene is a major regulatory locus which is believed to mediate nitrogen catabolite repression in Neurospora. Mutants of nit-2 fail to express any phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity under conditions of derepression and induction which lead to good enzyme induction in the wild type and in nit-2 revertants. The loss of lyase activity in nit-2 mutants does not result from inducer exclusion, which suggests that the nit 2 gene product has a direct role in controlling the expression of this enzyme. Substantial amounts of the enzyme were detected in the growth medium as well as in cell extracts. Inhibitors of protein synthesis or RNA synthesis block the induction of L-phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, suggesting that expression of this enzyme is controlled at the level of transcription. PMID- 6210689 TI - Differential metabolism of cellobiose and glucose by Clostridium thermocellum and Clostridium thermohydrosulfuricum. AB - Clostridium thermohydrosulfuricum consumed glucose in preference to cellobiose as an energy source for growth. The rates of substrate uptake in glucose- and cellobiose-grown cell suspensions were 45 and 24 nmol/min per mg (dry weight), respectively, at 65 degrees C. The molar growth yields (i.e., grams of cells per mole of glucose equivalents) were similar on cellobiose and glucose (19 and 16, respectively). Both glucose- and cellobiose-grown cells contained a glucose permease activity and high levels of hexokinase (greater 0.34 mumol/min per mg of protein at 40 degrees C). Growth on cellobiose was associated with induction of a cellobiose permease activity. In contrast, Clostridium thermocellum metabolized cellobiose in preference to glucose as an energy source and displayed lower growth rates on both substrates. The substrate uptake rates in cellobiose- and glucose-grown cell suspensions were 18 and 17 nmol/min per mg (dry weight), respectively. The molar yields were 38 on cellobiose and 20 on glucose. Extracts of glucose- and cellobiose-grown cells both contained cellobiose phosphorylase and phosphoglucomutase activities, whereas only glucose-grown cells contained detectable levels of glucose permease and hexokinase activities. The general catalytic and kinetic properties of the glucose- and cellobiose-catabolizing enzymes in the two species are described, and a model is proposed to distinguish differential saccharide metabolism by these thermophilic ethanologens. PMID- 6210690 TI - Specialized transduction with lambda plac5: dependence on recB. AB - Genetically disabled lambda plac5 transducing phage derivatives were used to study the recB dependence of recombination during specialized transduction. The frequency of transduction was normalized to colony-forming units, and the end product of recombination was monitored by scoring for addition and substitution transductants. When a chromosomal lac gene was the recipient DNA substrate molecule, both the normalized transduction frequency and the proportion of addition and substitution transductants showed essentially no recB dependence. There was a pronounced recB dependence for both normalized transduction frequency and recombination end product formation when F42 lac was the recipient DNA substrate. recB appears to have no significant role in the recombination that occurs between the two lac regions in an addition transductant. UV irradiation of the transducing phages increased the absolute level of both addition and substitution transductants obtained with a chromosomal lac gene but resulted in a considerable change in the relative frequency of addition versus substitution transductants. PMID- 6210691 TI - Synthesis of a specific protein induced by zearalenone and its derivatives in rat uterus. AB - Zearalenone and its derivatives (alpha-zearalenol and alpha-zearalanol), estrogenic mycotoxins produced by Fusarium species, when added in vivo and in vitro to immature rat uteri, induced the incorporation of labeled amino acids into a specific uterine protein (induced protein). When immature rat uteri were incubated with alpha-zearalenol in vitro, the maximum induction of the induced protein synthesis was obtained with 1 x 10(-6) M and the induction was detected 15 min after the start of the incubation. Moreover, this induction was strongly inhibited by prior addition of inhibitors of RNA synthesis such as alpha-amanitin and actinomycin D. The molecular weight of the induced protein obtained by the in vivo and in vitro treatments with zearalenone and alpha-zearalenol was estimated to be about 52,000 by means of SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. These findings clearly indicate that these estrogenic mycotoxins, despite their non steroidal structures, exhibit an estrogenic activity toward target tissues in a similar manner to that of natural estrogens. PMID- 6210692 TI - The interaction of vanadate ions with the Ca-ATPase from sarcoplasmic reticulum. AB - The interaction of vanadate ions with the Ca-ATPase from sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles was studied in a native and a fluorescein-labeled ATPase preparation (Pick, U., and Karlish, S. J. D. (1980) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 626, 255-261). Vanadate induced a fluorescence enhancement in a fluorescein-labeled enzyme, indicating that it shifts the equilibrium between the two conformational states of the enzyme by forming a stable E2-Mg-vanadate complex (E2 is the low affinity Ca2+ binding conformational state of the sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca-ATPase). Indications for tight binding of vanadate to the enzyme (K1/2 = 10 microM) in the absence of Ca2+ and for a slow dissociation of vanadate from the enzyme in the presence of Ca2+ are presented. The enzyme-vanadate complex was identified by the appearance of a time lag in the onset of Ca2+ uptake and by a slowing of the fluorescence quenching response to Ca2+. Ca2+ prevented the binding of vanadate to the enzyme. Pyrophosphate (Kd = 2 mM) and ATP (Kd = 25 microM) competitively inhibited the binding of vanadate, indicating that vanadate binds to the low affinity ATP binding site. Binding of vanadate inhibited the high affinity Ca2+ binding to the enzyme at 4 degrees C. Vanadate also inhibited the phosphorylation reaction by inorganic phosphate (Ki = 10 microM) but had no effect on the phosphorylation by ATP. It is suggested that vanadate binds to a special region in the low affinity ATP binding site which is exposed only in the E2 conformation of the enzyme in the absence of Ca2+ and which controls the rate of the conformation transition in the dephosphorylated enzyme. The implications of these results to the role of the low affinity ATP binding sites are discussed. PMID- 6210693 TI - Regulation of the conformation transition in the Ca-ATPase from sarcoplasmic reticulum by pH, temperature, and calcium ions. PMID- 6210694 TI - Properties of phospho and dephospho forms of muscle phosphofructokinase. AB - Rabbit muscle phosphofructokinase, phosphorylated either in vivo or in vitro, can be dephosphorylated by bovine intestinal alkaline phosphatase. Small but consistent differences in the allosteric regulatory properties of the phospho and dephospho forms are seen with the pattern in the direction of the phospho form being more inhibited. In vitro phosphorylated phosphofructokinase is more sensitive to allosteric inhibition by ATP and citrate and less sensitive to activation by AMP, glucose 1,6-bisphosphate, and inorganic phosphate than untreated or dephosphorylated phosphofructokinase. Fructose 2,6-bisphosphate activates muscle phosphofructokinase with a K alpha less than 1 microM. The phospho-enzyme is less sensitive to activation by the bisphosphate. On the other hand, there are no differences in the sedimentation properties under a variety of conditions or in the stability of phosphorylated and dephosphorylated phosphofructokinases as shown by sucrose density gradient centrifugation and low pH inactivation, respectively. PMID- 6210695 TI - Primary structure of tyrosinase from Neurospora crassa. I. Purification and amino acid sequence of the cyanogen bromide fragments. AB - Cyanogen bromide (CB) cleavage of Neurospora tyrosinase resulted in four major fragments, CB1 (222 residues), CB2 (82 residues), CB3 (68 residues), and CB4 (35 residues), and one minor overlap peptide CB2-4 (117 residues) due to incomplete cleavage of a methionylthreonyl bond. The sum of the amino acid residues of the four major fragments matches the total number of amino acid residues of the native protein. The amino acid sequences of the cyanogen bromide fragments CB2, CB3, and CB4 were determined by a combination of automated and manual sequence analysis on peptides derived by chemical and enzymatic cleavage of the intact and the maleylated derivatives. The peptides were the products of cleavage by mild acid hydrolysis, trypsin, pepsin, chymotrypsin, thermolysin, and Staphylococcus aureus protease V8. The cyanogen bromide fragment CB1 was found to contain two unusual amino acids whose chemical structure will be presented in the following paper. PMID- 6210696 TI - Primary structure of tyrosinase from Neurospora crassa. II. Complete amino acid sequence and chemical structure of a tripeptide containing an unusual thioether. AB - To align the four cyanogen bromide peptides of Neurospora tyrosinase whose amino acid sequences were reported in the preceding paper, suitable methionine containing overlap peptides were isolated. The required peptides were obtained by tryptic, peptic, and thermolytic digestion of the unmodified protein and of the maleylated derivative. From the partial sequence information of these peptides and a cyanogen bromide overlap peptide, the four cyanogen bromide fragments were aligned in the order CB3-CB1-CB4-CB2. These data establish Neurospora tyrosinase as a single-chain protein of 407 amino acids with a molecular weight of 46,000. The single cysteinyl residue 94 was found to be covalently linked via a thioether bridge to histidyl residue 96. The chemical nature of this unusual structure was elucidated by physicochemical analysis of peptides obtained from in vivo 35S, [2,5-3H]histidine, and [5-3H]histidine-labeled Neurospora tyrosinase. PMID- 6210697 TI - Comparison of amino acid sequence and thermostability of tyrosinase from three wild type strains of Neurospora crassa. AB - The thermostability of tyrosinase from three wild type strains of Neurospora crassa has been investigated. For this purpose a sequence comparison of two thermostable and one thermolabile tyrosinase isoenzyme was carried out. It revealed that at position 201 the thermostable enzyme forms share an aspartate residue in contrast to an asparagine residue in the thermolabile form. In addition, one of the thermostable isoenzymes displays five other substitutions. Since the relative stability of the thermostable forms as compared to the thermolabile one decreases with increasing ionic strength, the common aspartate residue is thought to bring about the additional stability of the thermostable isoenzymes by forming a salt bridge between aspartate 201 and a positively charged group of the protein. The strong pH-dependency of the thermostability with an apparent pKA of 6.6 indicates a histidinium side chain as the most likely ionic group to be involved in the salt bridge. This conjecture is also supported by measurements of the stability towards the chaotropic agent guanidinium chloride. The difference of the free energy change of denaturation delta GDH2O between the apoenzymes of a thermostable and a thermolabile isoenzyme was calculated as 2.5 kcal mol-1. Furthermore, it was shown that the copper ions of the native and the cobalt ions of Co(II)-substituted tyrosinase strongly enhance the stability of the protein as compared to its apoform. PMID- 6210698 TI - Biomechanical studies of rabbit abdominal wall. Part I.--The mechanical properties of specimens from different anatomical positions. AB - Using biomechanical investigations of the intact abdominal wall of the rabbit, the influence of the position (location) of specimens on the mechanical characteristics (the measured variables) was analysed. The intact abdominal wall was investigated in the transverse plane as well as in the longitudinal plane. The mechanical testing was performed using a materials testing machine (Alvetron). The testing revealed that the results for the different measured parameters depended on the position from which specimens originated. The influence of the original position of specimens on the mechanical characteristics was not only due to different quantities and qualities of tissue from different positions, but also might be due to differences in fibre direction in the different specimens. The results obtained are related to biomechanical investigations of wound healing in general. PMID- 6210699 TI - Biomechanical studies of rabbit abdominal wall. Part II.--The mechanical properties of specimens in relation to length, width, and fibre orientation. AB - In a biomechanical investigation of tractus iliotibialis and abdominal wall tissue from rabbits, an analysis was made of the influence that the fibre orientation in specimens as well as the length and width of specimens has on the measured parameters. The mechanical testing was performed with a materials testing machine (Alvetron). The investigation showed that the mechanical characteristics of specimens, when the width was kept constant, depended upon the fibre orientation in the specimens and the length of the specimens. The investigation further demonstrated that in intact abdominal wall no proportionality exists between, on the one side, the width of specimens (2, 4, 6 and 8 mm) and, on the other, the breaking strength, the energy absorption, and the elastic stiffness, respectively. For the 6 day old abdominal wall wounds a proportionality, however, could be demonstrated between the 4 and 8 mm broad specimens on the one side and the breaking strength, the energy absorption, and the elastic stiffness on the other. A possible explanation of the difference between the mechanical characteristics of short and long specimens can be given by the theoretical possibility that the short specimens contain relatively more fibres running all the way through the specimen from clamp to clamp than do the long specimens. The consequences on biomechanical investigations rendered by the result of the analyses are discussed. PMID- 6210700 TI - Transluminal dilatation in the management of mesenteric angina: a report of two cases. AB - Two patients with typical clinical and angiographic findings of mesenteric angina are reported. Both remain asymptomatic seven and 11 months respectively, after transluminal dilatation of superior mesenteric artery stenoses. PMID- 6210701 TI - Study of cerebral function with positron computed tomography. PMID- 6210702 TI - Comparison of the reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic separations of fluoropyrimides, pyrimidines, and purines. AB - The reversed-phase, high-performance liquid chromatographic separation of fluoropyrimidines, pyrimidines, and purines was investigated under isocratic conditions at ambient temperature. The performance of nine analytical, commercially available columns with five mobile phases is compared, and capacity and resolution factors are reported. The variables determining resolution are discussed, and the systems accomplishing the desired separation of fluoropyrimidine and pyrimidine bases and nucleosides are described. The best chromatographic results are achieved by using Spherisorb ODS-2 as stationary phase and 0.05 M monobasic ammonium phosphate (pH 3.5) as mobile phase. PMID- 6210703 TI - Reversed-phase ion-pair high-performance liquid chromatographic assay of 5 fluorouracil, 5'-deoxy-5-fluorouridine, their nucleosides, mono-, di-, and triphosphate nucleotides with a mixture of quaternary ammonium ions. AB - Several quaternary ammonium ions were evaluated in the development of a reversed phase ion-pair high-performance liquid chromatographic assay for the separation of the known nucleosides and nucleotides of 5-fluorouracil (FU) and its analogue, 5'-deoxy-5-fluorouridine (5'-dFUR). The capacity factors of FU, 5'-dRUR, and their eight anabolites including 5-5-fluorouridjine and its mono-, di-, triphosphate and diphosphoglucose, 5-fluorodeoxyuridine and its mono;- and diphosphate nucleotides, were dependent on the chain length and concentration of the counter ions, pH, type of buffer, as well as the type of bonded stationary phase. Separation of FU, 5'-dFUR, their nucleosides and monophosphate nucleotides was readily achieved using tetrabutylammonium ion alone as the counter ion. However, under these conditions, the di- and triphosphate nucleotides were eluted from the column only after lengthy gradient elution and with poor reproducibility. Optimal conditions for a simultaneous separation of the ten fore mentioned compounds were achieved using a two-step elution with a mixture of tetraethylammonium (C8) and tetrabutylammonium (C16) ions. The first eluent consisted of C8 and C16 ions in a mixture of acetate--phosphate buffer and methanol, the second eluent contained an additional 30 mM phosphate. FU, 5'-dFUR, their nucleosides and monophosphates and diphosphoglucose were separated by isocratic elution from a microBondapak C18 reversed-phase column using the first eluent; and the di- and triphosphate nucleotides were subsequently eluted, isocratically with the second eluent. This assay does not require gradient elution and can be completed within 50 min with good reproducibility. PMID- 6210704 TI - Improved procedure for the determination of the ureidopenicillins azlocillin and mezlocillin plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 6210705 TI - Determination of moxalactam by high-performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 6210706 TI - Metabolic clearance and plasma half-disappearance time of D-TRP6 and exogenous luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone. AB - The MCR and t1/2 of D-Trp6 LRH, a potent analog of LRH, were compared to those of exogenous LRH. Studies were performed on eight normal subjects during and after cessation of a constant infusion of D-Trp6 LRH and LRH. The D-Trp6 LRH and LRH were quantitated individually by sensitive and specific RIAs which did not cross react with the other peptide infused or fragments of the degraded peptides. High performance liquid chromatography of plasma from a patient infused with D-Trp6 LRH alone yielded one peak, which coeluted with D-Trp6 LRH. The kinetics of peptide clearance were biphasic, with a rapid and a slow component of elimination. The t1/2 of the rapid component of D-Trp6 LRH clearance was 18.7 +/- 1.8 (SEM) min. This was significantly longer (P less than 0.001) than the t1/2 for the LRH of 7.8 +/- 1.1 min. The MCRs for D-Trp6 LRH and LRH were 503.4 +/- 196.4 and 1766.6 +/- 404.3 ml/min, respectively (P less than 0.01). The longer t1/2 of D-Trp6 LRH compared to that of LRH reflects the slower clearance, which is probably due to a decreased rate of degradation. These findings indicated that the enhanced bioactivity of D-Trp6 LRH is in part due to a decreased rate of degradation. PMID- 6210707 TI - Umbilical cord plasma levels of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate during human gestation. AB - In the current investigation we sought to evaluate fetal adrenal dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DS) production during normal human pregnancy. We found that the mean umbilical cord plasma concentration of DS was reasonably constant from 18-34 weeks of gestation, ranging from 1131-1517 ng/ml. Thereafter, the cord plasma DS concentration rose steadily to 2463 +/- 665 ng/ml (mean +/- SD) at 39-40 weeks of gestation. Between 20 and 32 weeks of gestation, the estimated fetal plasma DS pool increased from 8 to 146 microgram. At term, the estimated fetal DS plasma pool was in excess of 300 microgram. From 34-40 weeks of gestation, the estimated fetal DS pool size and the fetal plasma DS concentration increased coincidentally with a marked rise in the known rate of fetal adrenal growth. From these findings, we conclude that fetal adrenal DS production increases steadily throughout gestation, and the rate of increase is probably dependent upon the rate of fetal adrenal growth. Furthermore, the rapid increase in maternal estrogen levels near term observed by numerous investigators can be explained in part by an increased availability of the fetal estrogen precursor DS at this time. PMID- 6210708 TI - Testicular responsiveness to chronic human chorionic gonadotropin administration in hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. AB - Steroidogenic responsiveness to long term hCG administration (1500 U three times a week for 23 months) was characterized in 8 males with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (HH). During hCG treatment, testosterone (T), which was in the prepuberal range under basal conditions, rose considerably to the upper end of the normal range and remained at that level during the 23 months of observation. A 2.5-fold increase was observed in serum levels of 17 beta-estradiol (E2) an increment less than seen with T. The increment in 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone was also lower than that in T throughout the study; thus, the 17 alpha hydroxyprogesterone to T ratio, despite continuous hCG administration, remained low. Serum androstenedione was slightly increased during hCG therapy. No significant changes were observed in serum levels of dehydroepiandrosterone. These data indicate that continuous long term hCG administration stimulated T levels in HH, with a relatively small change in E2. The kinetics of the T and E2 responses to 2000 U hCG, evaluated after 23 months of therapy, indicated that the testicular response was markedly reduced. No increment in T levels was observed at 24 h; the maximal response occurred at 48 h. This pattern of T response supports the idea that partial testicular desensitization occurs in HH patients receiving chronic treatment with hCG. PMID- 6210710 TI - Structural and enzymatic comparison of human cardiac muscle myosins isolated from infants, adults, and patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. AB - Human cardiac ventricular myosins were prepared from autopsy samples from nine adults, seven infants, and from surgical specimens from seven patients undergoing left ventricular septal myectomy for obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Infant myosin differed from adult myosin in two important characteristics: (a) approximately 30% of the 27,000-dalton myosin light chain is replaced by a 28,000 dalton light chain, and (b) the actin-activated myosin MgATPase activity of infant myosin is significantly lower than that of adult myosin (64 nmol phosphate released/mg myosin per min vs. 124 nmol/mg per min at 37 degrees C). The K(+) EDTA ATPase activity of the myosin measured in 0.5M KCl is also lower in infants (1,210 nmol/mg per min vs. 620 nmol/mg per min at 37 degrees C), but the Ca(++) activated ATPase is not significantly different. There were no differences in enzymatic activity between the normal adult and cardiomyopathic myosins.A detailed study was performed to investigate possible variations in the structure of the myosin heavy chain in infant, adult, and cardiomyopathic samples. There were no significant differences between infant and normal adult, or between normal adult and cardiomyopathic myosins seen in pyrophosphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, or peptide mapping using alpha-chymotrypsin, papain, or cyanogen bromide to generate peptides. These results suggest that isoenzymes of human ventricular myosin do not exist for the myosin heavy chain in the specimens examined from infants, adults, and patients with obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. The decreased actin-activated MgATPase activity found for infant myosin appears to be due solely to a partial replacement of the 27,000-dalton light chain of myosin with a 28,000-dalton light chain. PMID- 6210712 TI - Allergic contact dermatitis to povidone-iodine. PMID- 6210711 TI - Studies of immune functions of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: antibodies to desialized, rather than intact, T cells preferentially bind to and eliminate suppressor effector T cells. AB - Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) were found to have in their plasma antibodies specific for desialized T cells. Adsorption studies with intact or desialized T cells indicated that SLE anti-T cell antibodies consisted of two populations with different target cell specificities, one capable of recognizing unique determinants on desialized T cells and another able to bind to both intact and desialized T cells. Normal T cells did not remove the antibodies specific for desialized T cells. moreover, the antibodies to desialized T cells were not removed by adsorption with either desialized non-T cells or desialized erythrocytes. Thus, the antibodies to desialized T cells recognize a determinant that is unique to a T cell subset and also includes a sugar. Inhibition studies with various sugars indicated that lactose was the most potent inhibitor of antibody binding. The anti-desialized T cell antibody appears to recognize a T cell determinant which includes lactose, probably in the form of a beta galactosyl residue, but which also includes additional T cell determinants. The antibodies to desialized T cells were found to bind preferentially to concanavalin A-induced autorosetting T cells, which had been already demonstrated to contain suppressor effector cells. Indeed, such antibodies were effective in eliminating suppressor effector function without interfering with T cells necessary for such activation (such as precursor or inducer cells). Finally, studies of patients with SLE yielded a highly significant correlation (r = 0.92) between impaired suppressor effector function of their cells and the presence of antibodies to desialized T cells in their plasma. PMID- 6210709 TI - Properties of tropomyosin from the dual-regulated obliquely striated body wall muscle of the earthworm (Lumbricus terrestris L.). AB - The obliquely striated body wall muscle of the earthworm Lumbricus terrestris L. possesses a dual actin-linked and myosin-linked regulatory system. Tropomyosin from this muscle has now been purified and its functional properties compared to tropomyosin from vertebrate skeletal muscle. Earthworm tropomyosin has a molecular weight of about 70 000 and is composed of two polypeptide chains of molecular weight of 34 000 and 37 000. Structural and functional similarities to skeletal muscle tropomyosin were demonstrated with respect to the formation and periodicity of paracrystals and nets and the potentiation of skeletal muscle acto SF1 ATPase activity at low ATP concentration. Likewise, earthworm tropomyosin inhibited skeletal muscle acto-HMM ATPase activity at normal ATP concentrations but to a much greater extent than skeletal muscle tropomyosin; this inhibition was removed by skeletal muscle troponin, in the presence of Ca2+. In a system containing earthworm myosin and skeletal muscle actin, earthworm tropomyosin had no detectable influence on the actin-activated ATPase activity. It is concluded that earthworm tropomyosin plays an active role in the actin-linked troponin dependent regulatory system and has no measurable effect on the regulation via myosin. PMID- 6210713 TI - Erythrodermic bullous pemphigoid. Report of a case. PMID- 6210714 TI - Basal cell tumor with eccrine differentiation (eccrine epithelioma). AB - In 1969, Freeman and Winkelmann reported two cases of basal cell tumors with features of eccrine differentiation. On the basis of subsequent personal cases and isolated literature reports, we wish to emphasize the characteristics of this tumor. It is an infiltrating basaloid growth, usually on the scalp or head, that frequently recurs, apparently because of inadequate excision. Basaloid, alveolar, and cystic epithelial masses, which constitute the tumor, may be seen individually or together. Areas that appear to be morpheaform epithelioma or similar to syringoma can be observed. Enzyme studies reveal phosphorylase and focal lysosomal enzymes such as acid phosphatase. Acid mucopolysaccharides are present in foci. Electron microscopy shows epithelial masses with eccrine duct features. Eccrine epithelioma is a rare tumor that may be mistaken for syringoma, basal cell carcinoma, adenocystic carcinoma, sweat gland carcinoma, or metastatic tumor. Its differentiation toward eccrine structure and function predicts the chronic, recurrent, locally infiltrative clinical course observed in patients to date. PMID- 6210715 TI - Retinoids and acne. PMID- 6210716 TI - Sagittal and coronal CT reconstruction for demonstration of subcarinal adenopathy. AB - Although standard sequential axial transverse images of the thorax obtained at 10 mm intervals are usually diagnostic for subcarinal lymph node enlargement, we have found reconstruction of the subcarinal area in both sagittal and coronal computed tomographic (CT) projections to provide a useful format for further defining important anatomic relationships. The normal CT anatomy of the subcarinal area is defined and contrasted with the appearance of adenopathy, esophageal cancer, and left atrial enlargement in various reconstructed formats. The clinical application of such imaging is useful in selected cases. Therefore, radiologists monitoring chest CT should perform appropriate reconstructions when indicated. PMID- 6210717 TI - The sacroiliac joints: anatomic, plain roentgenographic, and computed tomographic analysis. AB - Due to its unique bicompartmental anatomy and spatial configuration, the sacroiliac joint can be more accurately defined by computed tomography (CT) than conventional radiography. Using a tilted gantry and paraaxial scanning technique, the synovial portion of the joint is oriented vertically on the CT image, while the ligamentous portion is oriented oblique-horizontally. The tilted CT gantry technique allows full ventral-dorsal imaging of the synovial portion of the sacroiliac joint. We have found the accuracy of CT to be superior to conventional radiography in the detection of early erosive sacroiliitis and joint space narrowing. In all patients with discrepancy between the two radiologic techniques, the changes were either only demonstrated or better demonstrated by CT than conventional radiography. PMID- 6210718 TI - [Contact dermatitis from heat-curing denture base acrylic resin (report of a case)]. PMID- 6210720 TI - Prognostic factors determining response to antidepressant drugs in psychiatric out-patients and general practice. AB - The outcome of antidepressant drug treatment was measured in 200 patients, 145 seen in psychiatric out-patient clinics and 55 in general practice, after 4 weeks of therapy. The results of the 200 patients taken together suggested that prognosis was largely determined by factors dependent on the natural history of the disorder and that clinical symptoms were unimportant, but when the results for patients in each drug group were analysed separately symptoms were more important than natural history factors. We conclude that clinical symptoms are only important predictors of response to antidepressant drugs when the patients studied are homogeneous with regard to natural history factors, particularly duration of illness. PMID- 6210719 TI - Late effects of X-ray treatment of warts. AB - Five to 22 years after warts on hands and feet were treated by X ray, 1122 patients with a total of 3675 warts were re-examined. X-Ray therapy had been given as one dose of 3000 r using 29 kV with a 0.3-mm Al filter; 19% of the warts had been given two treatments. Sequelae were seen in 4.8% of the sites where warts had been given one X-ray treatment and in 12.2% of the sites after two treatments. These side effects include hyperkeratosis in the pressure areas of palms and soles and atrophy primarily in areas with a thin cutis. There was no evidence of malignant transformation in any treatment site, and there were no deep-seated side effects such as ostitis or tendinitis. PMID- 6210721 TI - Viloxazine plasma concentrations and clinical response. AB - Eleven patients suffering from primary depressive illness were treated with 300 mg/d of viloxazine for 29 days. Blood samples were collected at weekly intervals and severity of depression assessed using the Hamilton depression rating scale. Mean plasma viloxazine level for all patients during the trial was 1.20 micrograms/ml and ranged from 0.40 to 2.70 micrograms/ml. No simple relationship between plasma concentration and amelioration score was observed at day (rs = 0.02), day 22 (rs = -0.29) or day 29 (rs = 0.09). No significant difference in plasma concentrations between responders and non-responders was observed at day 29. Side effects were not correlated with plasma concentrations. PMID- 6210723 TI - Diagnosis of endogenous depression. Comparison of clinical, research and neuroendocrine criteria. AB - Eighty-nine depressed outpatients were studied by clinical criteria, Research Diagnostic Criteria (RDC), and the dexamethasone suppression test (DST) of neuroendocrine regulation. A simple outpatient version of the DST, requiring only one blood sample, correctly identified 40% of patients diagnosed clinically as endogenous depression (ED), with a specificity of 98% and a diagnostic confidence of 95%. Differences in age, sex, or severity of symptoms between endogenous and non-endogenous depressives did not account for these results. By comparison, the diagnostic performance of the DST was weaker for the RDC categories Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and primary MDD. These were less selective and more heterogeneous than the clinical category ED. The clinical diagnoses of ED were supported in 98% of cases by the RDC, but 22% of RDC endogenous MDD diagnoses were not supported by the clinical diagnoses. Abnormal DST results were found only in patients with both the clinical diagnosis of ED and the RDC diagnosis of endogenous MDD. Patients with definite endogenous MDD had a significantly higher frequency of abnormal DST results (42%) than those with probable endogenous MDD (14%), or those with other RDC diagnoses (3%). A significant association was found between positive DST results and a positive family history of depression. These results support other evidence for use of a positive DST result as an external validating criterion for ED. The category MDD contained all cases diagnosed clinically as ED, but was diluted by cases diagnosed clinically as non endogenous depression who had no neuroendocrine disturbance. The results also confirmed that the endogenous/non-endogenous and primary/secondary classifications of depression are not identical. We conclude: (1) that the DST can be used in the differential diagnosis of depressed outpatients as well as inpatients; (2) that the RDC category primary MDD and the Washington University category primary depression are more heterogeneous and probably less valid than the clinical category ED; (3) that the RDC for endogenous MDD have only moderate validity; (4) that RDC diagnoses cannot substitute for careful clinical diagnoses in research studies; (5) that the best use of the RDC is to support clinical diagnoses, but not to generate diagnoses independently as a free-standing system; (6) that the concept of endogenous or endogenomorphic depression has validity and should be retained in research studies of depression. PMID- 6210722 TI - Efficacy of desipramine in endogenomorphically depressed patients. AB - This study was designed to test the hypothesis that there are 2 biochemical subgroups of 'endogenously' depressed patients--serotonin-deficient and noradrenalin-deficient groups--which respond differently to antidepressants depending on relative blockade of serotonin vs. norepinephrine (NE) reuptake. Patients with pervasive anhedonia and autonomy of depressed mood (endogenomorphic depressives) were treated first with the noradrenergic agent desipramine (DMI), then, if still depressed, such patients were randomized double-blind to continued DMI or clomipramine (CMI), a primarily serotonergic agent. Of 34 such endogenomorphically depressed patients 2 responded during a placebo period and 5 dropped out. Of 27 patients completing at least 4 weeks of DMI (mean maximum daily dose 283 mg, range 100-400 mg/d), 23 (85.2%) responded. With only 4 nonresponders, the second, or CMI, part of the study had to be abandoned. Since DMI strongly blocks neuronal reuptake of catecholamines with little effect on serotonin reuptake, these results suggest that endogenomorphic depressives may have a relatively homogeneous catecholamine deficiency. Alternatively, DMI may exert its effect by a mechanism other than blockade of EN reuptake. Eleven of the endogenomorphically depressed patients also met Research Diagnostic Criteria for situational depression (reactive). Ten of these 11 responded to DMI suggesting that presence or absence of a precipitant may be irrelevant in predicting response to tricyclic antidepressants in endogenomorphic depressions. Mean blood levels drawn at equivalent DMI dose were 238 ng/ml (range, 48-712) for responders, and 352 ng/ml (range, 160-877) for non-responders, indicating that patients appear to respond to DMI across a wide range of blood levels and suggesting the absence of a narrow therapeutic window. PMID- 6210724 TI - A short-term follow-up of patients with depressive disorder on entry into home dialysis training. AB - Fifteen (18%) of 83 patients entering home hemodialysis training were found to suffer major depressive disorder diagnosed by rigorous clinical criteria. The diagnosis of depressive disorder was associated with a diagnosis of polycystic kidney disease. It was not, however, associated with past or family history of affective illness. Neither intellectual impairment nor chemical uremia were more pronounced in the patients with depressive disorder than in the patients without depressive disorder. Depressive symptoms almost invariably remitted during home dialysis training and had no apparent influence on outcome on the basis of a short-term (3-month) follow-up. PMID- 6210725 TI - The dental management of patients with vascular grafts placed in the treatment of arterial occlusive disease. PMID- 6210727 TI - Paget's disease of bone. PMID- 6210726 TI - The short-term bronchodilator effects of fenoterol and ipratropium in asthma. AB - We studied the bronchodilator effects of inhaled fenoterol, a relatively selective beta-2 adrenergic agent, and ipratropium an anticholinergic drug, singly and in combination in 10 patients with asthma. The period of observation was 6 hr after aerosol administration. The six drug regimens used were fenoterol 100 micrograms, fenoterol 200 micrograms fenoterol 50 micrograms combined with 20 micrograms of ipratropium, fenoterol 100 micrograms combined with 40 micrograms of ipratropium, 40 micrograms of ipratropium, and placebo. Measurements consisted of spirometry with determination of forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), maximal expiratory flow at 50% of vital capacity (V50), specific airway conductance, lung volumes, and heart rate. Bronchodilation with regimens containing fenoterol was rapid, with 75% of the maximum response achieved by 5 min, while the peak effect of ipratropium was delayed for 1 to 2 hr. Fenoterol 100 micrograms produced approximately half the degree of improvement in FEV1 and V50 compared with 200 micrograms of fenoterol. The addition of 40 micrograms of ipratropium to 100 micrograms of fenoterol resulted in bronchodilation equivalent to 200 micrograms fenoterol and was associated with a more prolonged effect than fenoterol 100 micrograms. Tremor was observed in two-subjects inhaling fenoterol 200 micrograms but was not observed with any other regimen. It is concluded that the combination of inhaled ipratropium and fenoterol is an effective bronchodilator in asthma, achieving efficacy similar to that of fenoterol alone but with fewer side effects. PMID- 6210728 TI - [Degradation reactions of a carbamate herbicide, chlorbufam: effect of soil factors]. AB - Kinetics of degradation of chlorbufam is determined in aqueous solution, in aqueous solution with humic acids, argilo-humic complexes, soil and sterile soil. The adsorption is also evaluated in this different fractions. The adsorption process has a protecting effect and the chlorbufam is not chemically degraded when it is adsorbed on organic matter. The biodisponibility is also decreased by adsorption. PMID- 6210729 TI - T cell regulation of the IgG2a response to TNP-Ficoll: evidence that allotype congenic mice contain both helper cells that preferentially enhance IgG2a synthesis and suppressor cells that specifically suppress IgG2 synthesis. AB - When unprimed C57BL T cells were transferred into C57BL nu/nu mice, a preferential enhancement of the IgG2a antibody response to TNP-Ficoll was observed. Unprimed splenic T cells from Igh allotype congenic (B.C8) mice were unable to enhance the IgG2a response. The failure of T cells from allotype congenic mice to augment IgG2a antibody production to TNP-Ficoll was due to the presence of a T cell that specifically suppressed IgG2a antibody synthesis. The suppressive activity could be demonstrated in nu/nu mice and nu/nu mice reconstituted with C57BL helper cells. The suppressive activity of the B.C8 T cell population could be abrogated by treatment with anti-Lyt-1 and anti-Lyt-2 antibodies and complement as well as by treatment of B.C8 T cells with anti-Lyt-2 alone. Removal of the T cells responsible for IgG2a suppression from B.C8 splenic T cell population unmasked a population of B.C8 T cells that could enhance IgG2a preferentially augment IgG2a antibody synthesis can be found in donor mice that differ in their Igh background from the responding B cells. PMID- 6210730 TI - Regulation of IgM rheumatoid factor production in lymphocyte cultures from young and old subjects. PMID- 6210731 TI - Regulation of immunoglobulin production in pokeweed mitogen-stimulated cultures of lymphocytes from young and old adults. PMID- 6210732 TI - Fc gamma 2b receptor-mediated prostaglandin synthesis by a murine macrophage cell line (P388D1). AB - The nature of signals transmitted by two types of Fc gamma receptors (one specific for IgG2b and the other for IgG2a) present on the surface of a murine macrophage cell line (P388D1) was investigated. Specific binding of IgG2b (presented as EA2b) to cell surface Fc gamma 2br triggered the release of 3H arachidonic acid and 3H-prostaglandins (PG) from P388D1 cells that were prelabeled with 3H-arachidonate. The release of 3H-arachidonic acid, which increased in a dose-dependent manner, was enhanced by exogenous Ca++ (1.25 mM) and was completely blocked by ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA) (4 mM) or a phospholipase A2 inhibitor, p-bromophenacylbromide (7 microgram/ml). A cyclooxygenase inhibitor, indomethacin (9 microgram/ml), reduced the 3H arachidonic acid release and completely blocked the conversion of arachidonate into PG. Cytochalasin D (1 microgram/ml), which inhibited the phagocytosis of immune complexes by 90% of P388D1 cells, did not affect the Fc gamma 2bR triggered release of arachidonic acid. Specific binding of IgG2a (presented as EA2a) to cell surface Fc gamma 2aR did not trigger the release of either 3H arachidonic acid or 3H-PG from P388D1 cells. Our data demonstrate a signal for the activation of the arachidonic acid metabolic cascade is transmitted by Fc gamma 2bR, but not by Fc gamma 2aR, on the surface of P388D1 cells, probably through the initial activation of the phospholipase A2 activity associated with Fc gamma 2bR. PMID- 6210733 TI - Immunoglobulin-independent utilization of the classical complement pathway in opsonophagocytosis of Escherichia coli by human peripheral leukocytes. PMID- 6210734 TI - Autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction in man. II. Autoreactive and alloreactive cells belong to two different T cell subsets. PMID- 6210735 TI - Genetic control of the immune response in chimeric mice. PMID- 6210736 TI - A reevaluation of the putative association between the Fc gamma receptor and histocompatibility antigens on human mononuclear leukocytes. AB - The controversial question of an association between human Ia antigens and the FcR for immunoglobulin G has been examined. The experimental basis upon which such a relationship has been predicted was reevaluated. Human allosera with specificity for classical transplantation antigens, HLA-DR, and the related supertypic specificities MB and MT have been tested for their capacities to inhibit homologous EA rosette formation by PBM and B-CLL cells. Both immune and "nonimmune" sera inhibited rosette formation. Sera were normalized with respect to IgG concentration, and no significant quantitative differences in the observed inhibition were seen. Positive reactivity of the antisera with Ia, HLA-A, or HLA B antigens did not influence EA binding to FcR. Furthermore, F(ab')2 of IgG from reactive sera did not inhibit rosette formation. These observations have been extended using murine reagents. A.TH anti-A.TL serum, which reacts with human Ia in binding and immunoprecipitation studies, and five monoclonal antibodies, which have been raised against human Ia and bind to monomorphic determinants, were tested for an effect on EA rosette formation. When these reagents were tested at concentrations at which they could be shown to bind to antigens on the target cell population, no inhibition of EA rosette formation by human PBM, MON or B-CLL cells could be demonstrated. The studies provide no evidence to suggest the existence of an association between Ia and the human FcR. PMID- 6210737 TI - Dental care for handicapped and chronically sick children: a preliminary investigation. PMID- 6210738 TI - Neutrophil function in the immotile cilia syndrome. AB - Patients with ICS have a microtubular abnormality of cilia, which is thought to contribute to frequency respiratory tract infections. Neutrophils have a cytoplasmic microtubular system that, if abnormal and malfunctioning, could also contribute to recurrent infections. Neutrophil function has been assessed in 14 patients with ICS and compared with that of controls. The ICS patients included those with the dynein defect, the radial spoke defect, and microtubular transposition. Cell migration in each patient has been examined under agarose and by Boyden chamber techniques. No significant abnormality was detected in random or directed migration of neutrophils. Six patients representing the three different types of abnormal cilia had more extensive studies of neutrophil function performed. These included assessments of bacterial phagocytosis and killing, lysosomal degranulation, and oxidative pathway activity. Phagocytosis and killing of Staphylococcus aureus 502A in vitro was normal. Hexose monophosphate pathway activity, tetrazolium dye reduction, and lysosomal degranulation by neutrophils at rest and during phagocytosis were similar to those of control neutrophils. Our findings suggest that an abnormality of neutrophil function does not play an important role in the respiratory infections of patients with ICS. PMID- 6210739 TI - Byssinosis. PMID- 6210740 TI - Age-dependent deficiency of B lymphocyte lineage precursors in NZB mice. AB - Adult NZB mice (greater than 15 wk old) have very few bone marrow cells that can give rise to sIg+ clonable B cells during liquid culture. This deficiency corresponds to extremely low numbers of cells with cytoplasmic but not surface mu chains of IgM and reduced numbers of cells bearing a high molecular weight B lineage antigen. Depletion of Thy-1-bearing cells and appropriate mixing experiments did not provide evidence either that suppressor cells are responsible for this phenomenon or that accessory cells are defective in NZB mice. Nor did it seem that B cells were being produced in extramedullary sites. B cell precursors were detectable in very young NZB mice, exceeded control values at 4-5 wk of age, and then declined rapidly. In contrast, these persisted for greater than 1 yr in normal BALB/c, DBA/2, and CBA/H mice. It appears possible that intermediate stages in B-lineage differentiation become prematurely exhausted through an accelerated aging process in NZB mice. These chronological changes have implications for understanding the sequence of events that lead to B lymphocyte formation and the processes that normally regulate it. PMID- 6210742 TI - On the effects of ambilhar on mobilisation and biliary excretion of mercury. AB - The effect of administration of ambilhar to rats poisoned with mercury for two weeks were investigated. The results showed that administration of ambilhar to rats dosed with mercuric chloride, resulted in a significant increase in the faecal excretion of mercury. At the same time a significant decrease in the urinary output of the metal was found. Chelation of ambilhar with mercury to form a polar complex with a higher molecular weight could explain its biliary rather than its urinary excretion. The spectral studies of ambilhar and its two mercury complexes prepared in vitro support the possibility that stimulation of mercury excretion in bile results from the complexation of mercury by ambilhar in vivo. PMID- 6210741 TI - Hapten-specific responses to the phenyltrimethylamino hapten. III. Mice whose delayed-type hypersensitivity responses cannot be abrogated by the presence of anti-idiotypic suppressor T cells lack a critical modulatory T cell function. AB - A single intraperitoneal injection of the monovalent synthetic antigen, tyrosinated trimethylaminoaniline [tyr(TMA)] in Freund's complete adjuvant induces an antiidiotypic second-order T suppressor (Ts2) cell population 6 wk later. This population was able to suppress TMA-specific delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) responses when adoptively transferred into normal syngeneic recipients. However, they failed to function intrinsically. The inability of the Ts2 to function intrinsically was not caused by compensating idiotype-negative T cells that mediate DTH. Rather, this paradoxical observation was found to be caused by the absence or loss of function of a critical modulatory T cell population in the suppressor cell-bearing mice. This cell is functionally active in normal mice immunized for DTH responses and is sensitive to cyclophosphamide treatment. In addition, this cell type bears idiotype on its surface and is Thy-1+ and Lyt-1-,2+. It was demonstrated that by adoptively transferring the activated modulatory T cells from normal mice into tyr(TMA) immune recipients, it was possible to observe suppressor cell function intrinsically. The potential importance of modulatory T cell function in the regulation of antibody and DTH responses is discussed. PMID- 6210743 TI - Correlated symptoms and simulated medical classification. AB - Category learning theories can be separated into those that expect judgments to be sensitive to configural information and those that expect judgments to be based on a weighted, additive summation of information. Predictions of these two classes of models were investigated in a simulated medical diagnosis task. Subjects learned about a fictitious disease or about two diseases from hypothetical case studies in which some symptoms were correlated with each other and others were independent. Following this initial training, subjects were presented either with pairs of new cases and asked to judge which was more likely to have the disease or with a single case and asked which disease was present. Across four experiments, subjects proved to be sensitive to configural information. When choosing between pairs of new cases, subjects tended to choose the case that preserved the correlation over the case that broke the correlation, even when the case with correlated symptoms contained fewer typical symptoms. When judging which disease was present in a single case, subjects' diagnoses were determined primarily by the correlated symptoms. Implications of these findings to process models of categorization are discussed. PMID- 6210744 TI - Hypermnesia: the role of repeated testing. AB - The present study was designed to determine whether the increased recall of pictures across repeated tests (hypermnesia) is due to increasing strength of imaginal traces during the retention interval or to increased retrieval practice from prior tests. Subjects studied 60 pictures and then recalled them after various delays that were filled with instructions and, in two cases, reading a passage. Recall on a first test showed no change with retention interval. With retention interval held constant, however, the number of pictures recalled varied directly with the number of prior tests subjects had been given. This finding points up the critical nature of retrieval factors in producing hypermnesia. PMID- 6210745 TI - Effect of task demands on dual coding of pictorial stimuli. AB - Recent studies have suggested that verbal labeling of a picture does not occur automatically. Although several experiments using paired-associate tasks produced little evidence indicating the use of a verbal code with picture stimuli, the tasks were probably not sensitive to whether the codes were activated initially. It is possible that verbal labels were activated at input, but not used later in performing the tasks. The present experiment used a color-naming interference task in order to assess, with a more sensitive measure, the amount of verbal coding occurring in response to word or picture input. Subjects named the color of ink in which words were printed following either word or picture input. If verbal labeling of the input occurs, then latency of color naming should increase when the input item and color-naming word are related. The results provided substantial evidence of such verbal activation when the input items were words. However, the presence of verbal activation with picture input was a function of task demands. Activation occurred when a recall memory test was used, but not when a recognition memory test was used. The results support the conclusion that name information (labels) need not be activated during presentation of visual stimuli. PMID- 6210746 TI - Effects of spatial context during acquisition on the recall of attributive information. AB - We found that learners were sensitive to the spatial context in which various information was obtained and that they could use it symbolically to aid recall even when spatial cues were not available during testing. In three experiments, televised and purely aural statements made by various speakers were presented at distinct locations in the recipient's immediate surroundings. This was found to increase attributive recall compared to (a) all information sources in a single place, (b) information sources in several places but with place not consistently linked with information sources, and (c) use of a nonspatial stimulus context consistently associated with information source, such as the physical appearance of announcers. Theoretically, we conclude, with Hasher and Zacks, the place provides especially privileged cues and that not all content-correlated background stimuli are equipotent cues in associative learning. Practically, we recommend that in order to remember who said what, it helps to have speakers in separate and distinct places. PMID- 6210747 TI - Pictorial detail and recall in adults and children. AB - Relatively little research has been done on the role of pictorial detail in memory, and the data that do exist are ambiguous. The issue is important because it touches on our understanding of basic issues such as encoding elaboration and trace distinctiveness. The present study attempts to extend our data base by testing recall of words, outlines, and detailed drawings in third graders, sixth graders, and adults. For a categorized set of items, specific comparisons showed that recall of both detailed drawings and outlines was superior to that of words but that these did not differ from one another. For an uncategorized set of items, specific comparisons showed that outlines were recalled significantly better than pictures and that both of these were recalled better than words. The finding of an advantage in recall for outlines over detailed drawings was quite surprising. A variety of explanations may be offered, but true understanding of this effect will depend on future research. PMID- 6210748 TI - Spontaneous imagery scanning in mental extrapolation. AB - We report an experiment that suggests a functional application of mental-image scanning. After subjects inspected a simple dot pattern, the pattern was removed, and they were then shown an arrow at an unexpected location. Their task was to judge as quickly as possible whether the arrow pointed at any of the dots in the previously observed pattern. Although the subjects were never instructed to form or scan mental images, most of them reported having done so in order to make their judgments, and their reaction times were directly proportional to the distances separating the dots and the arrows, as typically found in image scanning experiments. Imagery scanning may therefore serve a useful function when one must judge spatial relations between the positions of remembered objects and newly specified locations. PMID- 6210749 TI - Decay of auditory memory in vowel discrimination. AB - Two experiments on same-different vowel discrimination are reported. In each, the main variable was the duration of a silent delay between the two items being judged. As would be expected from the assumption that such judgements depend at least partly on auditory sensory memory, longer delays led to poorer discrimination than shorter delays. The auditory memory loss seems to be asymptotic at about 3 sec, whether it is measured by correct discrimination of (as in one part of Experiment 2) by the contextual influence of the first vowel on identification of the second. PMID- 6210750 TI - Ontogenetic and phylogenetic shifts in the cognitive representation of the conditioned response. AB - The retention of the conditioned response was tested in a retroactive interference paradigm using subjects from kindergarten, Grades 3 and 6, and college. The conditioned stimuli (CS) were either a tone or light, and the unconditioned stimuli (US) were vibratory tactual stimulations delivered to either the right or left index finger which produced a withdrawal response. Original AB learning consisted of pairing one of the CSs with one of the USs (e.g., tone-left). Interpolated CD learning consisted of pairing the other CS with the other US (e.g., light-right). When the first stimulus was presented alone to test for retroactive interference, the college students gave the response associated with it during original learning, the B response, but the kindergartners and third graders gave the D response, which was never associated with the CS during training. A second experiment used avoidance conditioning instructions and replicated these results while including rest-control and AD groups. These data suggest that what is learned by children in simple conditioning paradigms is different than what is learned by adults in the same paradigms. The results are discussed in terms of the following two hypotheses: (a) Russian theories of conditioning and extensions of Tighe and Tighe's and Kendler's theories of the development of perception and discrimination learning in children, and (b) theories of development of separability in perceptual development. PMID- 6210751 TI - Controlled trial of imipramine for chronic low back pain. AB - Chronic low back pain is a common problem that has been noted in several studies to exist as a component of masked depression. To determine the usefulness of imipramine in the treatment of chronic low back pain, either by a direct action or indirectly via resolution of a depressive equivalent, 50 consecutive patients were entered into a controlled trail that employed serum imipramine and desipramine levels and Beck depression questionnaires. Forty-one patients completed the study, and 48 were used in the statistical analysis. Imipramine had a statistically significant effect over placebo in most, but not all, of the clinical parameters that were measured. A linear relationship between serum drug levels and reported symptoms was not noted. Only 10 of the 50 patients entered into the study were judged clinically depressed and, of these, 7 were depressed according to standard criteria. There was no statistically significant difference noted in either the initial or the change in Beck depression scores between those on imipramine and those on placebo. However, among those on the active drug, the patients with a greater symptomatic response had a simultaneous change in the total Beck depression scores (toward less depression) that approached statistical significance when compared with those with a less symptomatic response. Although the results are not conclusive, imipramine may possibly be useful in the treatment of chronic low back pain, especially so when it exists as a component of masked depression. PMID- 6210752 TI - [Inverted naso-sinus papillomas]. PMID- 6210753 TI - [Dehiscence of the aquaduct of fallopii in essential facial paralysis]. PMID- 6210754 TI - [Pleomorphic parotid adenoma surgery: pseudo-tumoral sarcoidosis 18 years later of the controlateral parotid]. PMID- 6210755 TI - [Traumatic section of the canal of Steno]. PMID- 6210756 TI - [Medical and surgical treatment of peripheral vertigo]. PMID- 6210757 TI - [Surgery of otospongiosis]. PMID- 6210758 TI - [Recurrent nerves]. PMID- 6210759 TI - [Venous perfusion with nicergoline in the treatment of sudden deafness]. PMID- 6210760 TI - Rate-limiting steps in the tension development of freeze-glycerinated vascular smooth muscle. AB - A method for "skinning" arterial smooth muscle is presented which yields isometric tension development typically 60-80% of maximum physiological tension in the presence of micromolar Ca++ and millimolar Mg-ATP, while retaining essentially the native protein content. Using the methods of "CA jump," the time course of Ca++-activated tension development in the skinned artery can be made identical to, but not faster than, the rate of tension development in the intact artery. In the skinned artery, activating free [Ca++] does not substantially alter the rate at which tension development approaches the final steady tension attained at that free [Ca++] (less than 25% decline in speed for a 10-fold decrease in [Ca++]). These observations are taken to mean that the rate-limiting step in isometric tension development in arterial smooth muscle does not depend directly on Ca++. PMID- 6210761 TI - Induction of the SOS system by DNA ligase-deficient growth of Escherichia coli. AB - When Escherichia coli carrying a thermosensitive mutation in DNA ligase was grown at the restrictive temperature, several functions associated with the SOS system were induced. These included lambda prophage induction, W-reactivation and W mutagenesis of ultraviolet-irradiated lambda phage, and recA protein synthesis, all of which were lexA+ recA+ recB+ dependent and chloramphenicol sensitive, and lexA+-dependent filamentation. These results indicate that ligase-deficient growth leads to the induction of the SOS system, and that all the above functions may respond to common induction signals. PMID- 6210762 TI - Fluorescence studies of red blood cell membranes from individuals with Huntington's disease. AB - Fluorescence spectroscopic methods were used to investigate and compare the properties of erythrocyte membranes from individuals with Huntington's Disease (HD) and from normal individuals. Erythrocyte ghosts were labeled with four different fluorescent probes: 1,6-diphenylhexatriene (DPH); 6-lauroyl-2 (dimethylamino)-naphthalene (Laurdan); 2-(4-maleimide anilino)-naphthalene-6 sulfonic acid (MIANS) and 5-(iodoacetamidoethyl)aminoaphthalene-1-sulfonic acid (IAEDANS). DPH is sensitive to the microviscosity of the membranes. Laurdan is highly sensitive to the polarity and relaxation time of its environment. MIANS and IAEDANS both react covalently with sulfhydryl groups in membrane proteins. Erythrocyte membranes were labeled separately with each of these four probes, and we measured the centers of gravity of the fluorescence emission, the fluorescence anisotropies, and the fluorescence lifetimes. In 10 separate experiments, including a total of 24 patients and 14 control individuals, we found no significant differences between the two groups for any of the probes or spectral parameters. These results do not support the existence of a "generalized membrane defect" in individuals with HD. PMID- 6210763 TI - Separation of neurofilaments from ATPase activity by precipitation with anti neurofilament antibodies. AB - The possibility that neurofilaments could be involved in the transduction of chemical and mechanical energy in axons led us to investigate whether neurofilament proteins can hydrolyze ATP. We fractionated neurofilaments from rabbit spinal cord and found that preparations highly enriched for neurofilament proteins hydrolyzed ATP at a substantial rate (as high as 0.4 mumol/min/mg protein). However, the ATPase activity was neither inhibited by anti neurofilament antibody, nor was it precipitated by the antibody under circumstances that precipitated most of the neurofilament polypeptides. We conclude that neurofilament proteins do not hydrolyze ATP at a significant rate under the conditions of our assay; if hydrolysis of ATP is a physiological function of neurofilaments, additional factors are required. PMID- 6210764 TI - A note on the deep abdominal reflex. AB - Deep abdominal reflexes were recorded electromyographically in six patients with lesions of the upper motor neuron. The responses were bilateral, usually with identical latencies which ranged from 16.5 to 25 ms. Individual variation was never greater than 2 ms. It is postulated that these bilateral responses of abdominal muscles were independent stretch reflexes and were not mediated across the midline through an intraspinal pathway. PMID- 6210765 TI - Imaging with Tc-99m MDP and Ga-67 citrate in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and suspected septic arthritis: concise communication. PMID- 6210766 TI - Increased focal activity on perfusion lung image. PMID- 6210767 TI - Methionine requirement of the growing kitten, in the absence of dietary cystine. AB - This study was conducted to determine the methionine requirement for maximal weight gain and nitrogen retention in growing kittens fed a 24% crystalline amino acid diet containing no cystine. Six male and six female kittens wee fed each of six levels of methionine, 0.45, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1.0 and 1.5% of the diet, for 10 days in a 6 x 6 Latin square design. Diets were made isonitrogenous with alanine and were isocaloric with a calculated metabolizable energy of approximately 5.0 kcal/g. Food intake and body weights were recorded daily, and nitrogen balance for each cat in each 10-day period was determined. On the 7th day of each period, blood was drawn for subsequent analysis of plasma methionine concentrations. From growth response results, the methionine requirement in the absence of dietary cystine was estimated to be 0.07% of the diet for male and female kittens. On the basis of nitrogen balance results, the methionine requirement appeared to be slightly higher, at 0.75% of the diet for both sexes. Plasma methionine concentrations appear to increase exponentially with dietary methionine concentrations, and wee of limited usefulness in estimating the methionine requirement of the kitten in the context of the experimental protocol used here. PMID- 6210768 TI - Genetics of cross-resistance between antifolate drugs in Plasmodium yoelii. PMID- 6210769 TI - Ventral fasciotomy in the management of hepatic hemangioendothelioma. PMID- 6210770 TI - Intraoral fixed drug eruption following tetracycline administration. PMID- 6210771 TI - Studies on the antihypertensive action of L-tryptophan. AB - The administration of L-tryptophan to spontaneously hypertensive rats caused a dose-related decrease in blood pressure. Maximal reductions occurred 2 hr postinjection. This effect could be attenuated by 1) coadministration of valine, an amino acid that competes with tryptophan for brain uptake; 2) pretreatment with metergoline, a serotonin receptor antagonist; and 3) pretreatment with parachlorophenylalanine, which inactivates tryptophan hydroxylase. In contrast, the effect of tryptophan on blood pressure could be enhanced by pretreatment with fluoxetine, a drug which blocks serotonin reuptake into presynaptic terminals. Taken together, these results indicate that tryptophan injection lowers blood pressure by a mechanism involving increased tryptophan uptake into brain, followed by enhanced conversion of the amino acid to serotonin (not tryptamine) and, ultimately, increased release of serotonin by brain neurons. The data thus support the notion that serotonergic neurons in the rat brain function in circuits that lower blood pressure. PMID- 6210772 TI - Effects of 2-nicotinamidoethyl nitrate on smooth muscle cells of the guinea-pig mesenteric and portal veins. AB - The effects of 2-nicotinamidoethyl nitrate (2-NN) on the smooth muscle cells of the guinea-pig mesenteric and portal veins were investigated by using an intracellular microelectrode technique and isometric tension recording method. In the mesenteric vein, 2-NN (greater than 1 x 10(-5) M) hyperpolarized the membrane in a manner dependent on the dose. The 2-NN-induced hyperpolarization was also dependent on the external K concentration, but was independent of the external Na and Cl concentrations. It was unaffected by removal of Ca from the external solution. Therefore, the hyperpolarization is thought to be due to an increase in the K conductance of the membrane. Excess [K]0 depolarized the membrane and produced contraction. Although 2-NN (1 x 10(-6) M) did not modify the depolarization induced by excess [K]0. It suppressed the contraction. Norepinephrine depolarized and acetylcholine hyperpolarized the membrane, whereas both agents produced small concentrations. 2-NN (1 x 10(-4) M) suppressed the membrane potential changes and contractions evoked by both agents. In the portal vein, 2-NN (1 x 10(-5) M) also hyperpolarized the membrane and abolished the spontaneous spike generation and contraction. 2-NN is more potent on the mesenteric and portal veins than on the mesenteric artery. PMID- 6210773 TI - Urinary incontinence. PMID- 6210774 TI - Development of alveolar macrophages in specific pathogen-free and germ-free Minnesota miniature swine. PMID- 6210775 TI - Down's syndrome phenotype and autosomal gene inactivation in a child with presumed (X;21) de novo translocation. AB - A 3 1/2-year-old female with clinical features of Down's syndrome was found to have extra chromosome material on the long arm of one of the X chromosomes, 46,XXq+. The parental karyotypes were normal. In the light of the clinical features of the proband an the banding characteristics of the extra chromosome material, the patient was thought to have a de novo (X;21) translocation. The results of late replication studies with BUdR and enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD) assays in the proband suggest that: (1) the presumed (X;21) translocation chromosome was the late replicating chromosome; (2) the spread of inactivation extended from the Xq segment of the translocation chromosome to the proximal part of the segment derived from chromosome 21, leading to the inactivation of the autosomal gene for enzyme SOD; (3) the remaining distal portion of the (X;21) translocation chromosome, a part of a segment presumably derived from chromosome 21, was spared from the spread of inactivation so that this part was still genetically active and responsible for the Down's phenotype; (4) therefore, the main determinants for a Down's phenotype may be located more distally (q22.2 or q22.3 or both) than the SOD gene (q22.1) on the long arm of chromosome 21. PMID- 6210776 TI - The high frequency of juvenile Huntington's chorea in South Africa. PMID- 6210777 TI - Serum gonadotrophins in Down's syndrome. PMID- 6210778 TI - The Sydney line and the simian line: the incidence in Down's syndrome patients with mental retardation and Japanese controls. AB - The frequencies of the Sydney line and the simian line on the palms of 694 normal Japanese subjects (500 males and 194 females), 180 with Down's syndrome (113 males and 67 females) and 107 with mental retardation (62 males and 45 females) were studied and the following conclusions were obtained: the frequency of the Sydney line tends to be lower in normal Japanese controls than in Australian and North American controls, and the simian line tends to be higher in normal Japanese controls than in Australian and North American controls. Of these two palmar creases, the simian line is more useful in identification of Down's syndrome patients than is the Sydney line in the Japanese population. PMID- 6210779 TI - Measurements of neuromuscular tone and strength in Down's syndrome children. AB - Twenty-eight Down's syndrome children and 22 normal children were evaluated for patellar tendon reflex, muscle tone and grip strength. All of this subjects were between the ages of 4 and 17 years. It was the purpose of this study to determine the differences between Down's syndrome and normal children. The standard patellar reflex test was used for one measure of muscle tone, and a locally devised muscle palpation test for the second measure of muscle tone. Finally, grip strength was employed as our measure of muscle strength. Results indicated that Down's syndrome children had a less brisk and more irregular patellar reflex response than normal controls. Furthermore, overall muscular tone was less in these Down's syndrome subjects and finally, muscular grip strength was inferior in Down's syndrome children when compared to normal children. Implications for increased physical education and physical activity are noted for this special population. PMID- 6210780 TI - Sickle cell anemia: dental management of the child patient. PMID- 6210781 TI - Specificity determinants for bacteriophage lambda DNA replication. III. Activation of replication in lambda ric mutants by transcription outside of ori. PMID- 6210782 TI - Sequence of lambda ric5b. PMID- 6210783 TI - Identity of a Chi site of Escherichia coli and Chi recombinational hotspots of bacteriophage lambda. PMID- 6210784 TI - Occupational dermatitis associated with straw itch mites (Pyemotes ventricosus). AB - A 1981 outbreak of dermatitis in Austin, Tex, was traced to occupational exposure to wheat infested with the straw itch mite, Pyemotes ventricosus; the wheat was being sold for decorative purposes by an imported-goods store located on the second floor of a large, modern, shopping mall complex. In addition to an extensive varicelliform skin eruption, one employee also had chills, fever, malaise, diarrhea, and anorexia associated with her exposure to these mites. The straw itch mite has been associated with several large epidemics of dermatitis during the 19th and 20th centuries. This outbreak is the third reported in Texas since 1961. Physicians should consider the possibility of straw itch mite infestations of products brought into the home or places of employment when they observe patients with a varicelliform or chigger-bite-like dermatitis, which may be accompanied by constitutional symptoms. PMID- 6210785 TI - A thrombotic tendency in patients with infective endocarditis. AB - An attempt was made to evaluate a thrombotic tendency in cases of infective endocarditis (IE) from the viewpoint of the changes of platelets and coagulo fibrinolysis. Qualitative changes of platelets by thrombi formation were detected by showing activated responses of platelets to adenosine diphosphate or collagen and by showing a high level of plasma beta-thromboglobulin which is released by platelets during aggregation. A mild hypercoagulable state without acceleration of fibrinolysis was also detected by showing low levels of plasma antithrombin III which is the most potent antithrombin in the blood and normal levels of plasma alpha 2-plasmin inhibitor in the blood. From above findings, it was concluded that a thrombotic tendency in cases of IE was clearly detected by qualitative changes of platelets by thrombi formation and by mild hypercoagulability without acceleration of fibrinolysis. PMID- 6210786 TI - Asymmetric ventricular hypertrophy in patients with essential hypertension. AB - We attempted to clarify the pathogenesis of asymmetric ventricular hypertrophy in hypertensive patients, especially regarding sympathetic nervous system and renin angiotensin system. Subjects were divided in 3 groups by echocardiographic findings; 1) 15 patients with non-hypertrophy (NH), 2) 14 patients with symmetric hypertrophy (SH), and 3) 10 patients with asymmetric hypertrophy (ASH). Subjects with ASH showed following features. Age (53.7 +/- 1.6 yr) was older than NH (43.7 +/- 1.4 yr) but not different from SH (49.7 +/- 2.3 yr). Mean arterial pressure (119.0 +/- 3.9 mmHg) was higher than NH (107.5 +/- 1.4 mmHg) but not different from SH (122.4 +/- 2.8 mmHg). End-diastolic and end-systolic dimensions were smaller and ejection fraction was larger than those of NH and SH. Cardiac index (3.90 +/- 0.37 L/min/M2) was largest among 3 groups. UNE (19.5 +/- 2.5 micrograms/day) was lower than SH (31.2 +/- 2.5 micrograms/day). PRA (0.44 +/- 0.16 ng/ml/h) was lower than SH (1.53 +/- 0.20 ng/ml/h) and NH (1.62 +/- 0.28 ng/ml/h). Ejection fraction was correlated with UNE (r = 0.835) and PRA (r = 0.736). We suggest that the heart of hypertensives with ASH is in hyperdynamic state due to the hyperresponsiveness to sympathetic stimuli, although they have a decrease of sympathetic nervous activity, and the renin-volume axis may have no important role on the pathogenesis of ASH. PMID- 6210787 TI - Effects of 4-aminopyridine and tetraethylammonium on relaxant responses of isolated dog coronary arteries to 2-nicotinamidoethyl nitrate (SG-75). AB - Effects of 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) and tetraethylammonium (TEA) on vasodilator actions of 2-nicotinamidoethyl nitrate (SG-75) were investigated using isolated dog coronary arteries. SG-75 10(-8)--10(-4) Gm/ml produced concentration dependent relaxations of coronary arterial strips which were contracted with potassium 30 mM or prostaglandin (PG) F2 alpha 10(-6) Gm/ml. Both 4-AP 5 x 10(-4) Gm/ml and TEA 1.6 x 10(-3) Gm/ml produced further contractions of the strips under potassium or PGF 2 alpha contracture. The potency to constrict the strips was greater in 4-AP than in TEA. 4-AP 5 x 10(-4) Gm/ml and TEA 1.6 x 10(-3) Gm/ml did not affect the SG-75-induced relaxations of the strips under potassium contracture, but significantly depressed them under PGF2 alpha-contracture. In the strips under a resting state, 4-AP 5 x 10(-4) Gm/ml increased tension and produced oscillations in their contractions, but TEA 1.6 x 10(-3) Gm/ml did not. Results suggest that SG-75 may display its relaxant effect on isolated dog coronary arteries in part through an increase in potassium conductance. PMID- 6210788 TI - [Pericardial hemangioma indicated by 99mtechnetium labeled human serum albumin blood pool scintigraphy (author's transl)]. PMID- 6210789 TI - [Bone scintigraphy with 99mTc-hydroxymethylene diphosphonate (HMDP)--comparison with 99mtc-MDP (author's transl)]. PMID- 6210790 TI - [Medical topics. Membranous nephropathy]. PMID- 6210791 TI - [Changes in ventricular hypertrophy after the radical correction of tetralogy of Fallot based on ECG data]. PMID- 6210792 TI - [Transcutaneous intravascular balloon dilatation in renal artery stenosis and arterial hypertension]. AB - In 20 patients with stenosis of the renal artery and arterial hypertension Gruentzig balloon catheter was introduced transcutaneously into the artery with subsequent dilatation. In 2 cases arterial pressure became normal, in 8 the course of the disease improved, in 4 high hypertension was retained but responded to hypotensive agents, in 2 there was no effect, and in 4 balloon dilatation could not be carried out due to the impossibility of pushing the catheter through the stenosed segment of vessel. According to the data of renal scintigraphy plasma flow on the affected side rose by 16-66% after dilatation as compared to the initial figures, there was no significant change in the contralateral kidney. PMID- 6210793 TI - [The heart and arterial hypertension]. PMID- 6210794 TI - [X-ray cardiometric indices of healthy persons and patients with diffuse toxic goiter in the alpine climate of the Tien Shan]. AB - Roentgenometric analysis of morphological changes of the heart was made in 114 healthy individuals and 192 patients with diffuse toxic goiter living in the Tien Shan mountains. It is shown that the main dimensions of the heart and Moore's index pointing to pulmonary hypertension increase as the disease advances and is more marked in the people living in high altitudes. Diastolic and systolic volumes of the heart in patients with diffuse toxic goiter show a statistically significant increase (p less than 0.001). Increase of the stroke and minute volumes of the blood, caused by cardiac hyperfunction, is manifest already at the early stage of the disease and is directed at satisfying the enhanced demands for oxygen by tissues. Combination of high indices of stroke and minute volumes of the heart with normal heart rate or comparatively slight increase in the patients living in high altitudes of the Tien Shan is an advantageous adaptive compensatory reaction of the body in response to the impact of internal and external factors of the mountain climate. PMID- 6210795 TI - [Importance of clinical hemodynamic and bicycle ergometry studies at the sanatorium stage of rehabilitating patients who have had a myocardial infarct]. AB - In 38 patients after myocardial infarction changes of the main parameters of the central haemodynamics have been found with the aid of tetrapolar transthoracic rheography and phonotachooscillography as compared with a control group (20 practically healthy individuals). A direct interrelationship has been found between the value of the stroke volume of the heart and individual tolerance to exercise as determined by bicycle ergometer. A regression equation was derived with which rough individual tolerance to exercise can be calculated by the value of the stroke volume. By the mathematical method of paired and multiple correlations the direct relationship of the value of the cardiac stroke volume with the degree of coronary and cardiac insufficiency has been found. The sequence of functional methods of examination and control at the sanatorium stage of rehabilitation of patients after myocardial infarction is discussed. PMID- 6210796 TI - [P. F. Borovskii (on the 50th anniversary of his death)]. PMID- 6210797 TI - Impaired autologous mixed lymphocyte reactivity in Hodgkin's disease. AB - In patients with Hodgkin's disease, the impaired immune reactivity, especially of the thymus dependent system, is well established. This decreased immune response of the lymphocytes from the peripheral blood contrast to an increased lymphocytopoiesis in the the lymphatic organs with a hyperplasia of these tissues. We studied the reactivity of peripheral T lymphocytes from 20 patients with Hodgkin's disease and 26 healthy control persons against autologous and allogeneic non T cells respectively in the mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC). Our experiments show an extremely depressed autologous mixed lymphocyte reactivity (MLR) of T lymphocytes from patients with Hodgkin's disease compared to those from normal donors. In the allogeneic MLC, the proliferation of the patients' T cells was stronger than in the autologous MLC, but significant lower than the proliferation of normal T lymphocytes when stimulated by normal non T cells. Patients' non T cells stimulated T lymphocytes from healthy donors as well as non T lymphocytes from normals did. Finally, the autologous MLR of normal lymphocytes was significantly suppressed by 18 of 23 sera from Hodgkin's patients when these sera were substituted for normal AB serum in the cultures. These results demonstrate an impaired function of T lymphocytes from patients with Hodgkin's disease in the autologous MLC and the presence of one or more factors in their serum which inhibit the proliferation of normal lymphocytes in the autologous MLC. The role of suppressor cells and their factors will be discussed. PMID- 6210799 TI - [Clinical aspects of measles in adults]. PMID- 6210798 TI - [Captopril in congestive heart failure (author's transl)]. AB - Captopril (Lopirin, Squibb, von Heyden) is an inhibitor of the angiotensin-I converting enzyme. In congestive heart failure angiotensin mediated vasoconstriction and aldosterone secretion is reversed by captopril. Both effects of captopril induce reduction of cardiac preload and afterload. The clinical state of patients with congestive heart failure therefore improves since cardiac output increased and pulmonary pressures decrease. Captopril acts orally and the dosage used for the treatment of congestive heart failure ranges from 50 to 150 mg daily. After oral ingestion of a single dose the maximum haemodynamic effect is observed after 45-90 min. No tolerance induction or tachyphylaxis has been observed during maintenance therapy over a period of 18 months. There are some reversible adverse reactions like pruritus, skin rash and partial or complete taste loss which are dose related. Serious side effects include leucopenia, agranulocytosis, renal failure and membranous glomerulonephritis. Therefore regular urinary and blood analysis is necessary during captopril therapy. PMID- 6210800 TI - Pulmonary artery changes in response to recurrent episodes of anoxia. AB - Newborn rats exposed to anoxia for 30 seconds twice daily for 4 weeks developed thickening of the media of small muscular pulmonary arteries as measured by point counting morphometric techniques. These findings are similar to those described in postmortem studies on the lungs of victims of sudden infant death syndrome and support the hypothesis that repeated episodes of apnea alone are a sufficient respiratory abnormality to produce some of the morphometric changes described in victims of sudden infant death syndrome. PMID- 6210801 TI - Coronary artery bypass in early late stages of occlusive disease: a graft flow analysis. PMID- 6210802 TI - Effects of cooperative and competitive learning experiences on interpersonal attraction between handicapped and nonhandicapped students. PMID- 6210803 TI - Effects of cooperative and individualistic instruction on the achievement of handicapped, regular, and gifted students. PMID- 6210804 TI - Dental treatment for the homebound handicapped patient. PMID- 6210805 TI - Ectopic pregnancy revisited. PMID- 6210806 TI - Association between primary hyperparathyroidism and previous irradiation. AB - The association between primary hyperparathyroidism and previous irradiation was investigated in two study groups. Among 36 patients with hyperparathyroidism, 4 (11%) knew of having received radiation therapy. In the second group of 323 patients with a history of radiation exposure and nodular thyroid disease, 4 (1%), thus far, were found to have hyperparathyroidism. PMID- 6210807 TI - Trans effects in cell membrane transport. PMID- 6210808 TI - Modification of myocardial ischemia in normal and hypertrophied hearts utilizing diastolic retroperfusion of the coronary veins. AB - Myocardial infarction following coronary occlusion limits the effectiveness of emergency coronary artery bypass operations. We designed and evaluated a transvenously introduced balloon-tipped catheter and an electrocardiogram activated pumping system for perfusing ischemic myocardium by retrograde pulsation of oxygenated blood into the coronary veins during diastole. Balloon deflation during systole allowed for normal venous drainage. Four groups of dogs (n = 26) were instrumented with sonomicrometry crystals and catheters to measure regional and global left ventricular function. Two groups of dogs had chronic left ventricular (LVH) produced by prior aortic banding (left ventricular mass 174 gm versus 115 gm for control dogs of equal body weight, p less than or equal to 0.05). The left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) was occluded for 40 minutes; after 10 minutes left ventricular function was severely depressed in all groups (less than or equal to 0.05 compared to baseline). Groups 1 (normal left ventricle, n = 8) and 2 (LVH, n = 5) had no further therapy for the following 30 minutes. Groups 3 (normal left ventricle, n = 8) and 4 (LVH, n = 5) received 30 minutes of coronary vein retroperfusion (CVRP) 10 minutes following the LAD occlusion. CVRP restored 37% of systolic shortening, whereas there was no restoration of systolic shortening in control dogs (p less than or equal to 0.001). All other physiological and hemodynamic parameters including heart rate, cardiac output, aortic pressure, dP/dt, and left ventricular dilatation were normalized during CVRP while remaining severely depressed in control dogs (p less than or equal to 0.05). Following restoration of arterial flow at 40 minutes, 10 of 13 CVRP-treated dogs recovered normal left ventricular function while only two of 13 untreated dogs survived. CVRP offers a transvenous approach for modifying myocardial ischemia prior to emergency coronary artery bypass grafting. PMID- 6210809 TI - Current trends in workers' compensation. PMID- 6210810 TI - Anatomy of the placenta and its relationship to function. PMID- 6210811 TI - Continuity reexamined: differential impact on satisfaction with medical care for disabled and normal children. AB - The satisfaction with medical care of families with disabled children and of randomly selected families is compared to test the hypothesis that the impact of continuity of physician on parental satisfaction is greater when disabled children are patients than is the case among the general population of children. A multiple regression approach for the study of interaction was used. The results provide general confirmation for the hypothesis that the weights of continuity in producing change in all three patient satisfaction areas studied were greater in the sample of families with disabled children than in the random sample of families. Controlling for maternal education, family income, race and waiting time did not alter these results. It is suggested that a continuous doctor patient relationship, conducive to the expression and resolution of psychological needs, is of special importance when a patient's illness is severe. Implications for the organization of medical care in specialty clinics, which serve the disabled and chronically ill, are discussed. PMID- 6210813 TI - Hypothesis: erythema nodosum leprosum is precipitated by an imbalance of T lymphocytes. PMID- 6210812 TI - Occupational hearing loss: an Ontario perspective. AB - In the past 11 years over 6,500 patients referred by the Workmen's Compensation Board for evaluation of hearing loss of possible industrial etiology have been evaluated at Mount Sinai Hospital. Various groups of workers have been studied from the audiological, otological, and epidemiological standpoint. Problems of assessment include the accurate quantification of hearing loss which may be difficult for a number of reasons including lack of understanding of the test and lack of willingness to cooperate. An accurate diagnosis may be difficult to achieve because of lack of previous history, poor memory, etc. The method of use in Ontario for quantifying hearing loss will be reviewed and its relationship to handicap discussed. The success of rehabilitation by means of hearing aid use will be analysed. This is surprisingly good. PMID- 6210814 TI - [Percutaneous dilatation of coronary artery stenoses (percutaneos transluminal coronary angioplasty, PTCA) (author's transl)]. PMID- 6210815 TI - [Clinical radiobiology--scientific basis for radiotherapy of tumors]. PMID- 6210816 TI - [Radiomodifying effect of fibrinolysin in experimental radiotherapy]. PMID- 6210817 TI - Injuries and disabilities under the Workmen's Compensation law. PMID- 6210818 TI - Benefits under the Workmen's Compensation Act. PMID- 6210819 TI - [Organization of a central sterilization room in a general hospital]. PMID- 6210820 TI - ["Honor of the department is your honor"]. PMID- 6210821 TI - [Prenatal diagnosis. Amniotic fluid analysis of pregnant women from the 16th week of pregnancy on]. PMID- 6210822 TI - [Modified leukocyte migration inhibition test with workers of the buildings and metals industries with chromium eczema]. AB - In 59 workers of metal, building and galvanizing industries a test of leucocytes migration inhibition was carried out. We modified this test so that it consists in that the whole blood was used with no isolated leucocytes, with no plexiglass chambers but with very thin capillaries and short incubation. The result of the test is obtained on the day it is carried out (after 6 hours). A comparison with the results of epidermal test using 0.5% of potassium dichromate confirmed the specificity of the test. The sensitivity of the test was however less, compared to epidermal tests and the standard test of leucocytes migration. PMID- 6210823 TI - An evaluation of home-based respite care. PMID- 6210824 TI - Influence of thyroid hormone administration on myosin ATPase activity and myosin isoenzyme distribution in the heart of diabetic rats. AB - Previous studies have shown that diabetes mellitus leads in rats to a 45% decrease in cardiac Ca++ activated myosin ATPase, a change in myosin isoenzyme distribution and a lowering of plasma T4 and T3 levels. Hypothyroidism causes similar changes in myosin ATPase and myosin isoenzyme distribution. We determined if thyroid hormone administration in physiological replacement dose (0.3 microgram T3/100 g BW) or pharmacological doses (3 micrograms T3/100 g BW and 10 micrograms T4/100 g BW) can normalize myosin ATPase and isoenzyme distribution in diabetic rats. Control animals have a Ca++ myosin ATPase activity of 1.23 +/- 0.14 mumol Pi/mg protein/min and myosin V1 represented 70% and myosin V3 15% of total myosin. Four weeks after streptozotocin administration myosin ATPase was 0.61 +/- 0.14, and myosin V3 represented 67% of total myosin. Administration of 0.3 microgram T3/100 g BW/day for four weeks to diabetic animals resulted in no significant increase in myosin ATPase (0.69 +/- 0.07 mumol Pi/mg protein/min) or in myosin isoenzyme distribution. In contrast, administration of 3 micrograms T3/100 g BW/day or 10 micrograms T4/100 g BW/day for 4 wk led to a normalization of myosin ATPase activity (for T3 1.03 +/- 0.18, for T4 1.06 +/- 0.15). In addition the myosin isoenzyme distribution pattern normalized. These findings may point to a diminished thyroid hormone responsiveness in diabetic rats or could result from diabetes related disturbances of cellular metabolism, which are normalized by pharmacologic doses of thyroid hormone. PMID- 6210825 TI - C3b inactivator and beta 1H. PMID- 6210826 TI - Assay of coagulation proteases using peptide chromogenic and fluorogenic substrates. PMID- 6210827 TI - Human plasminogen. PMID- 6210828 TI - Human plasmin. PMID- 6210829 TI - Inactivation of trypsin-like enzymes with peptides of arginine chloromethyl ketone. PMID- 6210830 TI - Posttranslational enzymes in the biosynthesis of collagen: intracellular enzymes. PMID- 6210834 TI - Causes of death in Huntington's disease. PMID- 6210836 TI - [Respiratory function tests made easy]. PMID- 6210835 TI - Acute low back pain. Comparison of two conservative treatment approaches. AB - In a controlled clinical trial, we allocated 48 subjects with acute low back pain but without neurological signs, at random to two treatment groups. The conservative treatments compared were passive mobilisation and manipulation of the lumbar spine and a regimen of microwave diathermy, isometric abdominal exercises and ergonomic instructions. The duration of low back pain symptoms was significantly shorter for subjects receiving mobilisation and manipulation; they also achieved symptom-free status with fewer treatment sessions. While the duration of symptoms before first treatment, the treatment administered, and the pretest forward flexion movement indices accounted for 44% of the variance in the duration of symptoms, a stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that treatment is the most significant factor in predicting the length of time before a subject achieves symptom-free status. PMID- 6210837 TI - [Congenital handicaps - an unavoidable misfortune?]. PMID- 6210838 TI - Piperacillin sodium (Pipracil). PMID- 6210839 TI - [Postoperative ileo-cutaneous fistulas]. PMID- 6210840 TI - [Drug-induced exanthemas]. PMID- 6210841 TI - [Congenitally cystic liver]. PMID- 6210842 TI - Heat mutagenesis of bacteriophage phi X174 in SOS-induced bacteria. PMID- 6210843 TI - Cytotoxic and mutagenic effects of neocarzinostatin in wild-type and repair deficient yeasts. PMID- 6210844 TI - Sister-chromatid exchange (SCE) analysis in mothers exposed to DNA-damaging agents and their newborn infants. AB - The incidence of SCE in the lymphocytes of mothers and their newborn infants was determined. A detailed antenatal history of parental habits such as smoking, alcohol consumption and possible exposure to DNA-damaging agents was documented. The results showed that the SCE rate in the newborn is significantly less than that of their mothers. Mothers who consumed alcohol, but not cigarette smokers, had a significantly increased SCE rate compared to control mothers. However, these maternal habits did not affect the SCE rate of their infants. Neonates with neural tube defects showed a significantly increased SCE rate compared to normal babies. PMID- 6210845 TI - Purification and properties of a ribonuclease from the excretory gland cells of Stephanurus dentatus. AB - Ribonuclease (RNase) was isolated and purified from the excretory gland cells of Stephanurus dentatus by (NH4)2SO4 fractionation, column chromatography on phosphocellulose and affinity chromatography using 5' -UTP-agarose. The purified enzyme hydrolyzed yeast RNA, cyclic nucleotides, and polynucleotides. Hydrolysis products of RNA and synthetic substrates were analyzed by column chromatography and/or thin-layer chromatography and the results indicated that S. dentatus RNase should be classified as an endoribonuclease (EC 3.1.27.1). Experimentally infected pigs produced antibodies against the RNase as shown by immunodiffusion and immunoelectrophoresis. The RNase was also secreted by adult worm into an in vitro maintenance medium. The RNase may function in the worm to degrade TNA as a source of nucleotides for metabolic purposes. PMID- 6210846 TI - A novel gene splice in phage Mu. PMID- 6210848 TI - G inversion in bacteriophage Mu: a novel way of gene splicing. PMID- 6210847 TI - Active chromatin. AB - Active genes are packaged into an altered nucleosome structure forming a chromosomal domain defined by increased sensitivity to nucleases. This structure, reflecting a potential for transcription, contains sites hypersensitive to nuclease digestion adjacent to the coding regions and may also be distinguished by specific non-histone proteins, variant or modified histones or modified DNA. Its formation, by unfolding of a tightly packed chromatin fibre by factors which might affect DNA supercoiling, may be the first step in gene activation. PMID- 6210849 TI - [T-lymphocytes with a receptor for the immunoglobulin Fc fragment in the blood of multiple sclerosis patients]. AB - In 12 multiple sclerosis patients and 15 healthy subjects the suppressor activity in vitro by the method of Shou et al. was determined parallelly with the number of T-lymphocytes with the receptor for the Fc fragment of immunoglobulin G (TG lymphocytes). In healthy subjects a correlation (p less than 0.05) was demonstrated between the suppressor activity of lymphocytes in vitro and the number of TG lymphocytes in the peripheral blood. On the other hand, in multiple sclerosis patients a decrease was observed frequently in the suppressor activity of these cells in vitro (especially during exacerbation of the disease) while the number of TG lymphocytes in the peripheral blood was normal or raised sometimes. Different causes of the this phenomenon in multiple sclerosis are discussed. PMID- 6210850 TI - Neurons with 5-hydroxytryptamine-like immunoreactivity in the enteric nervous system: their visualization and reactions to drug treatment. AB - Immunoreactive nerve cell bodies and fibres in the intestine have been examined using three antibody preparations raised against 5-hydroxytryptamine. Cross reactivity studies indicate that the substance localized was an hydroxylated indoleamine. In the guinea-pig small intestine, nerve cell bodies were located in the myenteric plexus and varicose fibres were found in the ganglia of the myenteric and submucous plexus. The nerve cell bodies had prominent short, broad processes and a single long process. Similar nerve cells and fibres were found in the guinea-pig stomach and large intestine and areas of intestine that were examined in mice, rabbits and rats. Properties of the neurons were examined in the small intestine of the guinea-pig. The immunoreactive material was depleted by treatment with reserpine, but not by guanethidine or 6-hydroxydopamine in dose sufficient to deplete noradrenaline stores in axons in the intestine. No depletion of 5-hydroxytryptamine by the neurotoxin 5, 7-dihydroxytryptamine was observed. After depletion by reserpine, immunoreactivity of the neurons could be restored by application in vitro of 5-hydroxytryptamine, 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine or 5-hydroxytryptophan. The restoration by 5-hydroxytryptophan was prevented by the inhibitor of L-aminoacid decarboxylase, benserazide. After reserpine treatment, immunoreactivity was not restored by tryptophan. Uptake of 5, 7 dihydroxytryptamine into the nerves was antagonized by fluoxetine. The distribution of neurons with 5-hydroxytryptamine-like immunoreactivity was compared with the distribution of enteric amine-handling neurons that take up and decarboxylate L-dopa. This comparison indicated that there are two classes of aromatic amine neuron in the guinea-pig small intestine, the enteric 5-HT neurons and enteric, non-5-HT, amine handling neurons. PMID- 6210851 TI - [Spigelian hernias]. PMID- 6210852 TI - Simplified thoracic approach to the ascending and descending aorta in complex coarctation. AB - Two patients with left ventricular and proximal aortic hypertension secondary to diffuse hypoplasia of the aortic arch have recently been treated by a surgical technique based on: I simultaneous exposure of the ascending and descending thoracic aorta through a left antero-latero-posterior thoracotomy; 2 insertion of a Dacron graft between the aortic root and the descending thoracic aorta. In both cases equal systemic pressures in the ascending and descending thoracic aorta and adequate distal perfusion were obtained. PMID- 6210853 TI - [Sezary syndrome]. PMID- 6210854 TI - [Update on antibiotic therapy. 5) Piperacillin]. PMID- 6210855 TI - [Immunity and hypersensitivity in Hodgkin's lymphoma]. PMID- 6210856 TI - [A case of rupture of the left inferior epigastric artery simulating homolateral ovarian cystoma]. PMID- 6210857 TI - [Laparoscopy in a provincial hospital. Methods and problems]. PMID- 6210858 TI - The effects of double activations of single motor units on discharge patterns of primary muscle spindle endings in the cat. PMID- 6210859 TI - The inhibitory effect of acupuncture on the tonic vibration reflex (TVR) in man. AB - The effect of acupuncture on the tonic vibration reflex (TVR) has been examined in healthy men. Vibrations (100 Hz) were applied over the muscle bellies of either finger flexion muscles or extension muscles, while finger flexions and extensions were measured by a strain attached to the middle finger. A stainless steel acupuncture needle was inserted for 10 min into an acupuncture point named "Chu-Chih (LI-II)". After the application of acupuncture, TVRs in both flexion and extension muscles were significantly less than those observed before the application of acupuncture. The inhibitory effect of acupuncture almost disappeared 10 min after removing the needle. Acupuncture transiently inhibits TVR in extension and flexion muscles in man. PMID- 6210861 TI - A story of changing patterns. PMID- 6210860 TI - Understanding workers' compensation: when you get hurt, who will help? PMID- 6210862 TI - Accident compensation: a perspective of the accident compensation corporation. PMID- 6210863 TI - Backs and exercise therapy. PMID- 6210864 TI - Retropubic vaginopexy for correction of urinary stress incontinence. AB - One of the most important principles of surgical correction of urinary stress incontinence is the restoration of the urethrovesical angle to its original anatomic position. A new variant of urethropexy, suspending the vaginal wall from the anterior rectus fascia, is presented. To accomplish this goal, a special ligature carrier needle was designed. The ligatures are carried with this needle from the vaginal wall, through the space of Retzius, and upward above the rectus fascia where they are tied across the midline, one side to the other. This report describes the new method in detail. Using this technique, urethropexy was performed on 98 patients at the UCLA Olive View Medical Center. The overall cure rate for urinary stress incontinence was over 95% at 6-months to 3-year follow up. The most common complications were postoperative urinary retention and urinary tract infection. The average length of hospitalization was 5 days. PMID- 6210865 TI - Death following puncture of the aorta during laparoscopic sterilization. AB - Lacerations of major vessels have been associated with use of the Veress needle and sharp trocar for laparoscopy. A death caused by puncture of the aorta during insertion of a Veress needle is reported. Deaths from major vessel laceration can be prevented by using proper technique for inserting the needle and trocar or choosing alternative methods of sterilization that do not require these instruments. Should major vessel laceration occur, prompt recognition and treatment may prevent death. PMID- 6210866 TI - A study of placental transfer mechanisms in nonhuman primates using [14C]phenylalanine. AB - Placental transfer mechanisms were investigated in pregnant Macaca Fascicularis and Macaca mulatta during the gestational age of 120 to 130 days. These primates underwent an operative procedure that allowed continuous fetal blood sampling. The administration of [14C]phenylalanine into the maternal circulation revealed a significant increase of radioactive material in the fetal circulation, indicating an active placental transport mechanism unidirectional to the fetus. When [14C]phenylalanine was injected into the fetus, radioactive aromatic amino acids in the maternal circulation increased only slightly over time, resembling a simple diffusion process. PMID- 6210867 TI - Variable effects of danazol on endometriosis at 4 low-dose levels. AB - Danazol was administered in a daily dose of 100, 200, 400, or 600 mg for 6 months in a double-blind fashion to 27 women with pelvic endometriosis. Symptoms and pelvic findings were observed and recorded monthly. Laparoscopy and laparoscopic biopsies were performed before and on the last day of treatment to evaluate the extent of endometriosis and the effect of the drug. The findings were documented with drawings and photography. The degree of clinical improvement varied with the daily dose used, from just over 50% on a regimen of 100 mg/day to 83% on a regimen of 600 mg/day. Laparoscopic improvement in the extent of endometriosis was noted in all patients but residual disease was common. The degree of laparoscopic improvement appeared to be related to the dose of danazol and to the effect of the drug on the menstrual cycle. The highest, 81%, laparoscopic improvement was observed in patients who developed amenorrhea during the study. After the completion of treatment, 6 patients required operation for residual endometriosis or for its early recurrence. The recurrence of endometriosis during 24 months of follow-up was observed in 29% of patients. Six of 15 infertile patients conceived spontaneously within 6 months after treatment in spite of mild (5) or moderate (1) residual disease. There was no difference in the extent of endometriosis between infertile patients who did or did not conceive. There was, however, a statistically significant difference in the adhesion score between these 2 groups. The authors conclude that danazol may be less effective in doses lower than the standard 800 mg/day. However, downward adjustment of the individual dose may be attempted on the basis of the development of amenorrhea and clinical improvement. PMID- 6210868 TI - A modified laparoscopic entry technique using a finger. AB - In an effort to reduce the complication rate at laparoscopy, especially in patients who have previously undergone laparotomy, the so-called open laparoscopy technique was developed by Hasson and Grimes. Both investigators use minilaparotomy to enter the abdominal cavity. Hasson has developed a special laparoscopic instrument, whereas Grimes uses conventional instrumentation. For 1 year the authors have been using an extremely simple and safe method in performing laparoscopy: After incision of the skin and fascia infraumbilically, the index finger is introduced through these incisions, and the preperitoneal fat and the peritoneum are perforated with the finger, which is also used to explore the area around the incision for adhesions. After insufflation of CO2 through the sleeve, the optics are introduced in the usual manner. PMID- 6210869 TI - Carbon dioxide laser laparoscopy: initial experience in experimental animals and humans. PMID- 6210870 TI - Shouldering the responsibility for occupational disease. PMID- 6210871 TI - Managing hand dermatitis in the workplace. PMID- 6210872 TI - [Experience with the use of a microsurgical technic in cataract extraction at a central district hospital]. PMID- 6210873 TI - [Specific activity-related stresses of nursing personnel]. PMID- 6210874 TI - Stability of self-report measures of improvement in chronic pain: a five-year follow-up. AB - Seventy patients with chronic low-back pain not due to malignancy returned a questionnaire assessing functional status 5 years following treatment with epidural or subarachnoid nerve blocks. One hundred fifty-one patients had been surveyed 3 years earlier in an initial follow-up. The respondents to the present survey were older and more able to bend and took more medication for pain than non-respondents. The results revealed a tendency for gender-associated differences in improvement noted in the initial survey to be maintained, with women showing greater absolute improvement than men, particularly in vocational abilities. Men were somewhat more improved as a group on the current follow-up than on the initial follow-up. The use of medication for pain remained generally unchanged over time, but the number of respondents reporting the need for additional surgical treatments declined. The results were seen as indicating the need for using multiple, functional criteria in assessing response to treatment, including both global pain ratings and functional-behavioral measures of improvement. PMID- 6210875 TI - Effects of sodium intake and nephrotoxin dose on acute renaL failure in the young rat. PMID- 6210876 TI - Decreased polyamine content of concanavalin a stimulated lymphocytes in Down's syndrome subjects. AB - Increased polyamine content is associated with increased rates of cell growth. Several Down's syndrome (D.S.) tissues have been shown to have decreased growth rates. Studies were undertaken to determine if the polyamine content of stimulated D.S. lymphocytes was similar to that of stimulated normal cells. Lymphocytes were isolated and cultured in the presence of Concanavalin A for 4 or 5 days. Polyamines were than extracted and quantitated. After 4 days spermidine content for normal cells was 930.9 +/- 127 and for D.S. cells 489.2 +/- 113.1 nmoles/10(9) cells (P less than 0.025). Spermine content of normal cells was 1152.8 +/- 157.4 and for D.S. cells 533.9 +/- 82.0 (P less than 0.005). After 5 days in culture spermidine content of normal cells was 803.0 +/- 75.9 and for D.S. cells 446.2 +/- 76.5 nmoles/10(9) cells (P less than 0.005). Spermine content was 1155.7 +/- 121.9 for normal cells and 555.1 +/- 68.4 nmoles/10(9) for D.S. cells. Decreased content of polyamines in D.S.-stimulated lymphocytes is most probably due to decreased rate of polyamine synthesis. Decreased content of polyamines in response to stimulation may be a factor in decreased growth rates and altered immune function seen in D.S. patients. PMID- 6210877 TI - Symptomatic atlantoaxial dislocation in Down syndrome. PMID- 6210878 TI - [Dichloromethylene diphosphonate (Cl2MDP) treatment of hypercalcaemia produced from bone metastases (author's transl)]. AB - Cl2MDP, a potent inhibitor of osteoclast-mediated bone resorption, was tested in 8 patients with malignant hypercalcaemia. In a 2 months' double-blind, cross-over study the patients received Cl2MDP (3200 mg/day) during 4 weeks and a placebo during 4 weeks in a randomized sequence. The serum Ca level fell from a mean pre trial value of 12.2 +/- 1.7 mg/dl to 10.3 +/- 1.4 mg/dl after 4 weeks of Cl2MDP (p = 0.01). Reduction was rapid, with a mean serum Ca value of 10.5 +/- 1.4 mg/dl as early as the 3rd day. At the end of the Cl2MDP treatment, 6 out of the 8 patients had normal serum Ca levels. Following active treatment, the serum Ca level significantly increased in 2 patients and remained low in one patient under placebo. Treatment with Cl2MDP resulted in a decrease in calciuria from 397 +/- 193 mg/g creatinine/24 hours to 241 +/- 211 mg/g creatinine/24 hours (p = 0.05), but there was no decrease in hydroxyproline. Serum phosphorus and PTH levels remained normal. It is concluded that Cl2MDP is an effective and convenient oral treatment of hypercalcaemia due to bone metastases. PMID- 6210879 TI - Unrearranged immunoglobulin variable region genes have a functional promoter. AB - We have tested whether immunoglobulin light chain variable region genes are capable of directing initiation of transcription without undergoing the DNA rearrangement which creates a complete immunoglobulin gene. Two human Vk genes specifically initiated transcription in vitro at a site which is approximately 30 bases downstream of a TATA box and 20 bases upstream of the initiation codon. A Vk pseudogene which lacks a TATA box at an homologous position was not transcribed to a detectable extent in the in vitro system. One of the Vk genes was injected into Xenopus oocytes and it initiated transcription at precisely the same position as in the HeLa cell extract. It is suggested that the promoter which we have identified upstream of unrearranged Vk genes operates in lymphocytes after V-J joining has occurred to initiate transcription of light chain messenger RNA. PMID- 6210880 TI - A comparison of experimental and theoretical melting maps for replicative form of phi X174 DNA. AB - A previously elaborated technique for fixing a chosen partially melted state of DNA with glyoxal was used in a study of the melting process of the replicative form (RF III) of phi X174 DNA. Electron-microscopic maps corresponding to five points of the melting curve of RF III were obtained and compared with the theoretical melting maps obtained in (4) and (6). This comparison clearly shows that only rigorous calculations (4) and not the ones proposed by Azbel (6,7) correctly predict the course of RF III melting. PMID- 6210881 TI - The high mobility group proteins HMG 14 and 17, do not prevent the formation of chromatin higher order structure. AB - The high mobility group proteins, HMG 14 and 17, have been associated with the chromatin of active genes (refs 1-8), although how they function is not known. We use sedimentation and electric dichroism to investigate the effect of HMG 14 and 17 on the condensation of chicken erythrocyte chromatin into higher order structure. We find no evidence that excess HMG 14 and 17 induce an extended configuration, either in bulk chromatin or in the chromatin of the chicken beta globulin gene. PMID- 6210884 TI - [Mathematical analysis of pulmonary perfusion scintigraphy for evaluation of right-heart kinetics in obstruction of pulmonary blood flow (author's transl)]. PMID- 6210882 TI - Properties of active nucleosomes as revealed by HMG 14 and 17 chromatography. AB - Nucleosomes from actively transcribed genes (active nucleosomes) contain nonhistone proteins HMG 14 and 17 and are preferentially sensitive to digestion by DNAse I. Active nucleosomes isolated by chromatography on an HMG 14 and 17 glass bead affinity column were analyzed with respect to overall structure, accessory nonhistone components and modifications to the DNA and histones. The experiments lead to the following conclusions: the DNA in the active nucleosome is undermethylated compared to bulk DNA; topoisomerase I is a non-stoichiometric component of the active nucleosome fraction; the level of histone acetylation is enriched in active nucleosomes, but the extent of enrichment cannot account for HMG binding; and the two histone H3 molecules in the active nucleosome can dimerize more readily and are, therefore, probably closer together than those in the bulk of the nucleosomes. Additionally it is shown that HMG 14 and 17 prefer to bind to single- vs. double-stranded nucleic acids. The role of HMG 14 and 17 in producing a highly DNAse I sensitive structure and correspondingly helping to facilitate transcription is discussed in terms of these properties. PMID- 6210883 TI - [Scintigraphic demonstration of a iatrogenic rhabdomyolysis in McArdle's syndrome (author's transl)]. PMID- 6210885 TI - A painful lesson. PMID- 6210886 TI - Nursing care study: a baby with trisomy 13 and necrotising enterocolitis. PMID- 6210887 TI - Depo-Provera for better or worse? PMID- 6210888 TI - Canada's residential aide programme. PMID- 6210889 TI - Distress in the profoundly handicapped child. PMID- 6210890 TI - Claiming benefits. 2. Mobility allowance. PMID- 6210891 TI - Centres of excellence. 5. South Bank style. PMID- 6210892 TI - A neuromuscular approach. 1. A move in the right direction. PMID- 6210893 TI - Piperacillin. PMID- 6210894 TI - Nursing care study - Huntington's chorea: a case for sensitive care. PMID- 6210895 TI - Community forum. 5 - rehabilitation: we can work it out. PMID- 6210896 TI - Community forum. 5 - rehabilitation: sail towards health. PMID- 6210897 TI - Ring chromosome 5 with dental anomalies. PMID- 6210898 TI - Oral-surgical management of an odontogenic keratocyst in a patient with Duchenne muscular dystrophy. PMID- 6210899 TI - Antibiotic prophylaxis for the hydrocephalic dental patient with a shunt. PMID- 6210901 TI - Effect of estrogen on the mixed lymphocyte reaction in normal individuals and prostatic cancer patients. AB - Lack of initial response or relapse to hormones in advanced prostatic cancer may be due to an adverse effect of estrogen on host immune function. This study investigated the effect of diethylstilbestrol diphosphate (DES-P) on the normal mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) and on the MLR in prostatic cancer patients before and during treatment with DES-P. These data showed that the normal MLR was suppressed by high concentrations of estrogen in vitro, but physiologic levels of DES-P were not suppressive. Therapeutic doses of DES-P did not suppress the spontaneous MLR of prostatic cancer patients compared with previous treatment. Estrogens did not significantly impair the immunologic responsiveness of normal individuals or prostatic cancer patients. PMID- 6210900 TI - [Human T-lymphocyte subpopulations: suppressor and helper lymphocytes. Their properties, study methods and behavior in different pathological syndromes]. PMID- 6210902 TI - Chylous ascites. PMID- 6210903 TI - A Wright peak flow meter in practice. PMID- 6210904 TI - Histochemical and quantitative biochemical changes in mucopolysaccharides of the term placenta of the diabetic rat. AB - Full-term placentae of rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes were analysed histochemically and biochemically for changes in mucopolysaccharide content. The experimental diabetes induced severe cystic degeneration in the spongiosa zone of the placenta and this was accompanied by extracellular deposition of hyaluronate and neutral polysaccharides. The labyrinth zone was affected to a lesser extent. Biochemical analysis also revealed quantitative differences in the total contents of mucopolysaccharides (MPS) between the two zones of the placenta in both diabetic and normal placentae. The spongiosa had a higher total mucopolysaccharide content than the labyrinth. Polysaccharides of low molecular weight were always predominant. The amount of hyaluronate exceeded the quantitites of sulphated mucopolysaccharides which were found in relatively small amounts in both placental zones. In diabetic placentae there was a two- to threefold increase, which was more pronounced in the spongiosa. The increase was observed among all types of MPS. A close correlation between the accumulation of MPS in the placenta and the degree of maternal hyperglycaemia was found. The placentae of the three streptozotocin-resistant animals showed neither histological nor biochemical changes. It is suggested that the accumulation of MPS in the diabetic placenta might be a consequence of a shift in carbohydrate metabolism induced by hyperglycaemia or a persistence of the fetal metabolic features as a part of a retarded maturational process of the placenta. PMID- 6210905 TI - [Photoinduction of carotenoid synthesis by Neurospora crassa on different structural and functional states of nitrate reductase]. AB - In order to clarify the role of nitrate reductase as a potential photoreceptor, the ability of N. crassa mycelial cells for light-dependent accumulation of carotenoid pigments has been studied. The repression of the nitrate reductase synthesis by ammonium ions has been found not to influence the rate of the photoinduced carotenogenesis. The mutant experiments have shown that damage to the structural integrity of the nitrate reductase molecule, e, g., disintegrated synthesis of the protein fragment of the enzyme molecule (mutants nit-2 and nit 3) or the molybdenum coenzyme (mutant nit-1) does not affect the activity of the photoregulatory system of N. crassa. Thus, nitrate reductase is not a necessary component of the photoregulatory mechanism of N. crassa responsible for the synthesis of carotenoids. PMID- 6210906 TI - Regulation of actin-activated ATP hydrolysis by arterial myosin. AB - Myosin was isolated from the main pulmonary artery of swine and was phosphorylated or dephosphorylated by utilizing the endogenous kinase or phosphatase, respectively. The myosins, phosphorylated to various degrees, were purified free of kinase and phosphatase activities by gel filtration on Sepharose CL-4B agarose columns. The level of actin-activated ATPase activity was dependent upon the degree of myosin light chain phosphorylation. Fully phosphorylated myosin reconstituted with actin and tropomyosin (actin/tropomyosin = 61:1) had the highest ATPase activity (0.1 mumol of Pi/mg . min). The actin-activated ATPase activity showed maximal (60--65%) Ca2+ sensitivity at 2 mol of Ca2+ bound per mol of myosin. The actin-activated ATPase activity, Ca2+ binding, and Ca2+ sensitivity of arterial myosin were also dependent upon Mg2+ concentration. The ATPase activity was maximal at 2--3 mM Mg2+ and, at low (0.5 mM) Mg2+ concentration, the activity was only one-third of the maximal activity. Increasing the Mg2+ above 3 mM was not associated with a further increase in ATPase activity, but the Ca2+ binding and Ca2+ sensitivity decreased with increasing Mg2+ concentration. The maximal Ca2+ sensitivity was observed at 2--3 mM Mg2+, a concentration at which the myosin bound 2 mol of Ca2+/mol. Both the ATPase activity and the Ca2+ sensitivity were more remarkable when actin that contained tropomyosin was used to activate the ATPase activity. The data indicate that calcium regulates the actin-activated ATP hydrolysis not only by its effects on the phosphorylation system but also by direct binding to the myosin. PMID- 6210907 TI - Covalent adducts of DNA and the nonprotein chromophore of neocarzinostatin contain a modified deoxyribose. AB - When the nonprotein chromophore of neocarzinostatin was allowed to react with either calf thymus DNA or poly(dA-dT) . poly(dA-dT) in the presence of 2 mercaptoethanol and the DNA was precipitated with ethanol, 5% of the fluorescence attributable to the naphthalene rings of the chromophore coprecipitated with the DNA. Most of this fluorescence remained attached to DNA through successive reprecipitations, suggesting formation of covalent adducts between chromophore and DNA. Enzymatically digested poly(dA-dT) . poly(dA-dT)-chromophore adduct contained, in addition to deoxyadenosine and thymidine, several highly fluorescent hydrophobic products, separable by reverse-phase chromatography, all of which contained both adenine and thymine radiolabel, as well as chromophore radiolabel. One such product consistently had twice as much thymine as adenine, suggesting a structure chromophore-d(TpApT), in which the attached chromophore rendered both phosphodiester bonds refractory to endonuclease S1. This adduct fragment was completely hydrolyzed at pH 12, releasing adenine, 3'-dTMP, and 5' dTMP. At pH 7, the adduct fragment slowly released chromophore and 3'-dTMP with parallel kinetics, leaving a modified d(ApT), which was cleaved by snake venom phosphodiesterase to yield 5'-dTMP and a modified deoxyadenosine. These hydrolysis patterns are unlike those of any previously characterized base or phosphotriester DNA adduct but rather indicate an altered deoxyadenosine sugar. The formation of adducts containing a modified deoxyribose suggests that deoxyribose may be the site of covalent chromophore attachment. Alteration of this same site, possibly the 5'-carbon of the sugar moiety, may account for the extreme lability of the phosphodiester bond. PMID- 6210908 TI - Isolation of transforming DNA by cosmid rescue. AB - A procedure has been developed to allow the recovery of an integrated plasmid genome from a transformed cell, together with large areas of the flanking DNA sequences. DNA from Saccharomyces cerevisiae BAS2, in which the pBR322--ura 3 plasmid (Y1p5) is integrated at the yeast histone H2A and H2B locus, was used to generate a cosmid library, using a new cosmid vector (pTL5) that is ampicillin sensitive and tetracycline resistant. Colonies were selected for ampicillin resistance, which was conferred by the incorporation of the integrated pBR322 beta-lactamase gene into the recombinant cosmid. Restriction enzyme and blot hybridization analyses show that the rescued clones contain the yeast histone genes in addition to the Y1p5 sequences; a total of approximately 50 kilobase pairs of DNA sequences flanking the plasmid was recovered as a series of overlapping cosmids. This approach should allow the recovery of most genes that can be linked to a marker pBR322 sequence and for which a specific phenotype can be selected in a recipient eukaryotic cell. PMID- 6210909 TI - Multiple low-dose streptozotocin-induced hyperglycemia and insulitis in C57BL mice: influence of inbred background, sex, and thymus. AB - Insulin-dependent diabetes induced in susceptible strains of mice by multiple, low-dose streptozotocin treatment has been proposed to entail a thymus-dependent, autoimmune destruction of beta cells. In this study, thymectomized and genetically athymic mice have been tested for susceptibility to streptozotocin. Thymectomy was performed on newborn (day 1) to 3-day-old C57BL/KsJ mice. At 8 wk of age, thymectomized and sham-operated mice of both sexes were tested for susceptibility to diabetes induction by multiple, low-dose streptozotocin treatment (35 mg/kg of body weight per day for 6 consecutive days). Thymectomy failed to block susceptibility of males to induction of severe hyperglycemia. Beta cell necrosis and inflammatory cell infiltrates (insulitis) were consistent histopathological features. In general, females-both thymus-intact and thymectomized-were less susceptible than males to streptozotocin-induced hyperglycemia, and females exhibited an equally severe insulitis by experimental day 14; thus, the detection of an underlying insulitis did not predict the development of a more severe hyperglycemia because most streptozotocin-treated females at experimental day 35 continued to show only a modest hyperglycemia (about 200 mg/dl) compared to males (>400 mg/dl). That streptozotocin-induced hyperglycemia could occur in the absence of an intact thymus was further demonstrated in genetically athymic C57BL/6J NIcrOu nu/nu males and thymus-intact +/? littermate controls. C57BL/6J mice were resistant to streptozotocin-induced insulitis. This study shows that the presence of insulitis does not necessarily presage onset of severe hyperglycemia (e.g., C57BL/KsJ females), and conversely, the presence of severe hyperglycemia after low-dose streptozotocin treatment is not necessarily diagnostic of an underlying insulitis (e.g., C57BL/6J +/? and nu/nu males). These data stress the need for caution in the interpretation of studies of streptozotocin-insulitis sensitivities of nude mice. PMID- 6210910 TI - Gut-mediated hypercalcemia in rabbits bearing VX2 carcinoma: new mechanism for tumor-induced hypercalcemia. AB - The VX2 carcinoma-bearing rabbit is an animal model for tumor-induced hypercalcemia, thought to be due to increased bone destruction effected by prostaglandin E2. The present experiments suggest that the pathophysiology of the hypercalcemia differs from that previously proposed. Tumor was transplanted intramuscularly into 2.5- to 3-kg male New Zealand White rabbits, which were conditioned to a 1.5% calcium diet and treated with daily subcutaneous injections of dichloromethane diphosphonate (10 mg . kg-1 . day-1), a potent inhibitor of bone resorption, or 0.9% NaCl (2 ml . kg-1 . day -1). The diphosphonate had no significant effect on plasma Ca2+ in either group. After day 31, half the animals of each group were fed a calcium-free diet. This normalized the plasma Ca2+ in each VX2-bearing rabbit within 3 to 4 days but had little effect in control rabbits. In a second series of experiments, VX2-bearing rabbits maintained on standard rabbit chow were treated for 11 days with parenteral indomethacin (30- 60 mg/day) or 0.9% NaCl. Although indomethacin normalized the markedly elevated urinary excretion of prostaglandin E2, both treatment groups became severely hypercalcemic. Dietary calcium restriction promptly restored to normal the plasma Ca2+ concentration. In a third series of experiments, rabbits were fed standard rabbit chow and treated with oral indomethacin (40 mg/day) while control-rabbits were pair fed in identical chow. Transplantation of VX2 tumor into both groups caused hypercalcemia. We conclude that the hypercalcemia produced by this tumor strain is indomethacin resistant and dependent on an increase in gastrointestinal calcium absorption, not on skeletal calcium mobilization. PMID- 6210911 TI - Derangements in myocardial purine and pyrimidine nucleotide metabolism in patients with coronary artery disease and left ventricular hypertrophy. AB - Studies in animal models of myocardial ischemia and left ventricular hypertrophy have demonstrated a number of derangements in purine and pyrimidine nucleotide content of myocardium that are postulated to play a role in the pathogenesis of muscle dysfunction in these disorders. The present study examined myocardium of patients with coronary artery disease, left ventricular hypertrophy, or neither of these two abnormalities, to determine whether derangements in purine and pyrimidine nucleotide metabolism occur in humans. In patients with coronary artery disease, endocardial content of ATP, GTP, UTP, CTP, and creatine phosphate was reduced and ranged between 60% and 86% of the amount found in the epicardium. In patients without coronary artery disease or ventricular hypertrophy, endocardial content of these nucleotides was equal to or greater than that of epicardium. Endocardial and epicardial content of inosine was increased in patients with coronary artery disease, and after vein bypass grafting inosine content fell to the levels observed in myocardium of patients with normal coronary arteries. In patients with left ventricular hypertrophy, endocardial content of ATP, GTP, UTP, CTP, and creatine phosphate was also reduced and ranged between 64% and 88% of the epicardial content. In contrast to results obtained in patients without left ventricular hypertrophy, epicardial content of GTP, UTP, and CTP was increased by 131%, 123%, and 132% in hypertrophied myocardium. Thus the changes noted in myocardial nucleotide content in patients are similar to those noted in animal models of occlusive coronary disease and ventricular hypertrophy. These results suggest that the pathophysiological abnormalities in nucleotide metabolism noted in animal models also occur in human myocardium. PMID- 6210912 TI - Expression and novel structure of a collagen gene in Drosophila. AB - We report the structure and developmental expression of collagen gene sequences in Drosophila melanogaster. Collagen-like genomic clones were isolated by screening a Drosophila genomic library with a chicken pro alpha 2(I) cDNA clone as a hybridization probe. A 1.5-kilobase (kb) DNA sequence from a 9.2-kb DNA clone (pDCg1) is presented. Unlike the highly fragmented genes for vertebrate type I collagen, there is no evidence of a 54-base-pair primordial unit within this gene segment. Instead, the fragment is composed of two large coding sequences. Together they specify a sequence of 469 amino acids. This collagen product is composed almost entirely of the Gly-X-Y repeat characteristic of peptides involved in triple helix formation. Within the polypeptide there are four minor discontinuities in the Gly-X-Y pattern. Similar interruptions have been observed in a mouse basement membrane collagen protein sequence. Therefore, the Drosophila collagen gene may encode a nonfibrous collagen such as a basement membrane or cuticle collagen or a novel collagenous protein. By using the DNA segment of known sequence as a hybridization probe, a developmental sequence of polyadenylylated RNA samples was screened for the presence of homologous sequences. A RNA species 6.4 kb in length was detected as a prominent band only in the first- and second-instar larval stages. This pattern of developmental hybridization correlates with the production of the cuticle and basement membranes, and the large size of the RNA is consistent with its identification as a collagen-encoding RNA. PMID- 6210914 TI - Modulation of inflammatory reactions by prostaglandins. PMID- 6210913 TI - 5'-Untranslated sequences of two structural genes in the qa gene cluster of Neurospora crassa. AB - The coding regions of two genes (qa-2 and qa-3) in the qa gene cluster of Neurospora crassa have been localized by nucleotide sequence analysis combined with data on previously determined NH2-terminal amino acid sequences for the proteins that these genes encode. The start point of transcription for each of these genes has been determined by nuclease S1 mapping experiments with poly(A)+RNA isolated from quinic acid-induced cultures of N. crassa. The sequences of approximately 200 nucleotides 5' to the start point of transcription have been compared with each other and with those of other eukaryotes. The results show that neither of these regions for the qa-2 nor the qa-3 genes share any significant homology with sequences apparently conserved in higher eukaryotic promoters (-25 and -70 regions). However, the qa-2 and qa-3 sequences do show homology with each other in these regions. Comparison of the 5'-flanking regions of these Neurospora genes with those of several Saccharomyces cerevisiae genes reveals a number of similarities in the region preceding the translation initiation codons. PMID- 6210915 TI - Effects of profadol on operant behavior in the pigeon. AB - The effects of profadol were determined on the key pecking of pigeons under the control of a multiple fixed-ratio, fixed-interval schedule of grain presentation. The effects of naloxone and pentobarbital on the behavioral suppression produced by profadol were also determined. Profadol (0.64-10 mg/kg) decreased responding under both schedule components, and the decrease in responding could not be reversed by either naloxone or pentobarbital. A moderate dose of profadol (1.25 mg/kg) was ineffective as an antagonist of morphine (20 mg/kg). Profadol does not produce its behavioral effects in pigeons by an action with a naloxone-sensitive opioid receptor and its non-opioid behavioral effects are dissimilar to those of previously studied meperidine-like phenylpiperidine analgesics. PMID- 6210917 TI - Attitude fakability. PMID- 6210916 TI - Biological specificity of low molecular weight inhibitors of lymphocyte transformation. AB - Extracts of calf thymus have been shown to contain a number of inhibitors of lymphocyte transformation. A low molecular weight (600 daltons) anionic inhibitor of lymphocyte transformation has been identified and separated from contaminating polyamines and nucleotides. The active fraction inhibited the DNA synthetic response of murine or human T cells to alloantigens in mixed lymphocyte culture and to T-cell-specific mitogens. It was inactive against stimulation of B lymphocytes and several cultured tumor cell lines. PMID- 6210918 TI - Effects of medroxyprogesterone acetate on socio-sexual behavior of stumptail macaques. AB - Two studies assessed (1) the effect of medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA), Depo Provera, on socio-sexual behaviors, and (2) the interaction between socio environmental conditions and MPA treatment effects. Study One utilized two males and eight female members of a semi-free-ranging island colony. Females received 30 or 100 MPA IM or were untreated. Study Two used three laboratory-housed pairs of tubal-ligated females, observed during 30 min behavior tests with one of three males. Sexually preferred females received 30 mg MPA IM. Semi-free-ranging treated females received fewer ejaculations than untreated females and did not copulate for up to 68 days post-treatment. Rates of grooming were not affected. In the laboratory tests, mean rates of ejaculations per test were reduced for treated females but increased for untreated females, and untreated females groomed males more than did treated females. Contrary to previous studies, these results suggest that stumptail macaque sexual behavior can be influenced by hormones but this influence is modulated by socio-environmental factors. PMID- 6210919 TI - Mutants of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii with physical alterations in their chloroplast DNA. PMID- 6210920 TI - [Functional technical and personnel points of view of dental care of handicapped patients]. PMID- 6210921 TI - [Children's hour]. PMID- 6210922 TI - [Orthodontics in general dental practice]. PMID- 6210923 TI - [Local anesthesia in pedodontics]. PMID- 6210924 TI - [Proper skin care (II)]. PMID- 6210926 TI - [Practical tips in pedodontics]. PMID- 6210925 TI - [Patient risk in dental practice. Patients with cardiac pacemakers]. PMID- 6210927 TI - [Assistants in prophylaxis for the physically and mentally handicapped]. PMID- 6210928 TI - [Dental prosthetic treatment in young invalids (I)]. PMID- 6210929 TI - [Partial denture treatment for handicapped patients: indications for conical crowns and telescopic anchorage]. PMID- 6210931 TI - Hemodynamic assessment of transluminal angioplasty for lower extremity ischemia. AB - Seventy-two patients underwent hemodynamic testing before and after treatment for occlusive disease of their lower extremities. Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) was used to treat lesions in 26 iliac segments and produced 23 initially improved ankle or upper thigh indices, two hemodynamic failures, and one technical failure; PTA for 54 femoropopliteal lesions produced initial hemodynamic improvement in 41 cases, three hemodynamic failures, and ten technical failures. Hemodynamic follow-up of the iliac segments showed improvement in 25 (92%) as measured by the systolic pressure index of the ankle; follow-up of the femoropopliteal segments showed continued patency of 41 (65.9%). The authors analyze these hemodynamic data. PMID- 6210930 TI - Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty: the treatment of choice for renovascular hypertension due to fibromuscular dysplasia. AB - Twenty-three renal artery stenoses in 21 hypertensive patients, caused by fibromuscular dysplasia, were treated with percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA). Follow-up over a period of 1 to 30 months, including angiography, renal vein renin assay, and radionuclide flow studies, was performed in 8 patients, each with one stenosis. Dilatation was initially successful in all cases and was successfully repeated in 1 case. The mean systolic pressure decreased by 61.81 mm Hg and the mean diastolic pressure by 36.28 mm Hg in response to treatment. Thirteen patients were cured, 8 were felt to have better control of blood pressure on medication, and there was no failures. This study demonstrates that PTA is a clinically effective method of treating renovascular hypertension due to fibromuscular dysplasia. PMID- 6210932 TI - Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of the popliteal artery and its branches. AB - Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) of the popliteal artery and its branches was performed for relief of ischemia of the leg. Thirty-four procedures were performed in 31 patients (bilateral in 1 and repeated in 2). Angioplasty was technically successful in 29 cases (85%), with immediate clinical improvement in 26 (89%). The mean ankle-arm pressure index rose from 0.28 to 0.77. Long-term noninvasive follow-up in 23 of 26 patients with initial clinical improvement demonstrated reocclusion in 6 (2 of whom had successful redilatation) and continued patency in 13 who were followed up for 3 to 29 months (average, 11.6 mo.); the mean ankle-arm pressure index was 0.71 and the cumulative patency rate at 2 years was 57%. Six patients died, though all were asymptomatic. Since many of these procedures are performed for limb salvage in patients who would not benefit from surgery, PTA is useful in providing acute and often prolonged relief of ischaemia of the leg. PMID- 6210933 TI - Transfemoral renal artery embolectomy. PMID- 6210934 TI - Balloon dilatation of excised aortic coarctations. AB - Seven children 1-6 years of age underwent aortic resection and re-anastomosis for coarctation of the thoracic aorta. The excised segments were 1-2 cm long and were dilated in vitro with a Gruntzig balloon catheter less than two hours after resection. A pressure of 4-8 atmospheres was used, and the inflated diameter of the balloon was twice the luminal diameter of the undilated coarctation. The diameter of each specimen was increased by an average of 85%, largely because of an increase in the external diameter of the coarctation. However, extremely high pressures were required for successful dilatation, producing transmedial tears in the "normal" aorta distal to the coarctation in three specimens. These results indicate that although balloon dilatation appears feasible as palliation for aortic coarctation, further studies of its safety are necessary before instituting clinical trials. PMID- 6210935 TI - Transluminal dilatation of coarctation of the abdominal aorta. An experimental study in dogs. AB - The optimal treatment for recurrent coarctation of the aorta remains undefined. Recurrent stenosis following surgical repair occurs in 6-48% of cases involving the thoracic aorta. Because of the high morbidity and mortality associated with surgery, an alternate approach such as transluminal angioplasty is desirable. To evaluate this possibility, the authors created several experimental lesions to test their capability for dilatation, using the percutaneous transluminal technique. The results indicate that balloon dilatation of coarctation after end to-end anastomosis is difficult or impossible. Dilatation of other types of suture lines may also be difficult due to the large amount of fibrous tissue at the anastomotic site, which is not amenable to balloon dilatation. Thus surgery remains the preferred form of therapy. PMID- 6210937 TI - [Enzyme studies on the recognition of the initiation signals in priming replication with single-stranded phage DNA templates (author's transl)]. PMID- 6210936 TI - Coronary vascular responses to vasodilator drugs. PMID- 6210938 TI - [Initiation control of lambda phage replication (author's transl)]. PMID- 6210939 TI - [Thymolipoma simulating cardiomegaly]. PMID- 6210940 TI - Natural infection with Dictyocaulus arnfieldi in pony and donkey foals. AB - From June to October 1978 four pony mares and foals and two donkey mares and foals grazed a paddock contaminated with Dictyocaulus arnfieldi larvae. No signs of respiratory disease were seen in the foals but within 11 weeks of exposure to the paddock all six developed patent lungworm infections. In October 1978 one donkey and two pony foals were killed. At post mortem examination parasites in various stages of development and measuring up to 8 cm in length were found in the lungs. At this time the three surviving foals were stabled for the remainder of the experiment. Two of these ceased passing D arnfieldi larvae during the winter months but in one pony foal patency persisted until the study ended in August 1979. Patent lungworm infections were not seen in the pony mares, although two started to cough four to six weeks after starting to graze the infected paddock. One of the affected mares was killed in October 1978 when seven small (less than 7 mm) D arnfieldi were recovered. The other continued to cough until the end of the study over a year later. PMID- 6210941 TI - Surface markers for characterisation of bovine blood lymphocyte populations and changes in these from birth to maturity. AB - A sheep erythrocyte (E) rosette technique was developed for use with cattle lymphocytes. This involved the use of 17 per cent Ficoll 400 and preservative free heparin (84 iu/ml) in the saline-erythrocyte mixture. Using this technique, 83 per cent of peripheral blood lymphocytes in cattle aged between six and 10 years were found to form E rosettes. The remaining cells (17 per cent) were B cells, so that no cells remained unmarked. Lymphocytes from very young calves contained a population of unmarked or null cells, but these rapidly diminished as the animals matured. A peak of total lymphocytes recovered from blood, as well as E rosette-forming cells, occurred in calves aged four to six months. The non-E rosette-forming cells were mostly B-cells and it was suggested that this was associated with calf weaning. The total number of lymphocytes recovered, as well as E rosette-forming cells, gradually fell with the age of the cattle sampled. Null cells were virtually absent from the blood of cattle six years and older. Bovine T-cells could be further subdivided into Fc mu, Fc gamma and C' receptor bearing subpopulations on the basis of overlap with R rosette-forming cells. Some further separation of these cells from B-cells was achieved using density gradient centrifugation on Percoll. Separation of E rosette-forming cells with Fc receptors from E rosette-forming cells without Fc receptors was achieved by nylon wool columns, to which the Fc receptor bearing cells were adherent. It was concluded that bovine blood lymphocytes had blood T-lymphocyte populations with markers which may correspond to the 'helper' (Fc mu ) and 'suppressor' (Fc gamma ) populations described for the human. PMID- 6210942 TI - Effect of total calorific deprivation on host defence in the horse. AB - Horses were deprived of food but not water for a period of five days. There was a progressive decrease in circulating lymphocyte count and compromised host deference. In vitro phagocytosis of yeast fell from a mean of 97 per cent in fed horses to 78 per cent in horses deprived of food for five days. The Arthus response to intradermal challenge with allergens fell to 57 per cent of fed values. These changes indicated that food deprivation increases the susceptibility to bacterial infections; persistent anorexia in chronic bacterial infections may limit the horse's ability to cast off infection. PMID- 6210943 TI - Cell adherence to larvae of Dictyocaulus viviparus in vitro. AB - Bovine eosinophils survived for up to 48 hours in vitro in a medium of undiluted bovine serum and became adherent to the surface of Dictyocaulus viviparus larvae earlier than other cells found in peripheral blood. Cell adherence was associated with a heat labile factor in normal bovine serum and a heat stable factor in hyperimmune serum. A factor associated with leucocytes in vitro appeared to cause larval immobility. Cells from calves treated with levamisole behaved identically to those from other sources. It is suggested that eosinophils are an important element in host defence against D viviparus infection. PMID- 6210944 TI - Observations on the epidemiology of Dictyocaulus viviparus in north west England. AB - A five year ley pasture was used as a source of natural infection with Dictyocaulus viviparus for cattle in anthelmintic trials. Pasture larval counts, faecal larval counts of permanently grazing calves and lungworm burdens harboured by tracer calves were monitored in three grazing seasons to assess the pattern of infection. Carrier calves were introduced at the beginning of the grazing season in the first two years of the study but not in the third. In the fourth year the pasture was subdivided into two paddocks where overwintered infection with and without carrier infection were compared. A control paddock exposed to carrier infection but no overwintered infection was also monitored. Pasture larvae survived the winter but carrier infection appeared to make a larger contribution to pasture larval counts and the onset of parasitic bronchitis in susceptible calves. In the absence of grazing cattle at the end of the grazing season the concentration of D viviparus larvae on the herbage fell rapidly to undetectable levels. Discrepancies between contamination of herbage by infective D viviparus larvae and infectivity of pasture for susceptible cattle occurred in all years but were particularly marked on the third year when natural immunity appeared to influence the number of lungworms accumulating in tracer calves. Failure to recover lung worms from tracer calves cannot be regarded as an accurate indication of lungworm free pasture. In the first three years the proportion of the lungworm population which was inhibited in tracer calves was higher early and late in the grazing season and negligible in mid season. This suggests that a predisposition to inhibition in larvae which have overwintered on pasture may influence the time of onset of parasitic bronchitis in the next grazing season, but results from the fourth year did not support this hypothesis. PMID- 6210945 TI - [Postoperative thallium-201 myocardial scintigram--evidence of the regression of right ventricular hypertrophy (author's transl)]. PMID- 6210946 TI - [Recurrent primary erythroblastopenia in adults. Possible suppressive role of mononuclear blood cells on erythropoiesis]. PMID- 6210947 TI - [Coronary dilatation by catheterization]. PMID- 6210948 TI - A method for evaluating the level of independence during the rehabilitation of the disabled. AB - A new method of assessing disability has been devised, which is partly based on the Northwick Park Activities of Daily Living Index and partly on a grading system previously used at our centre. The assessment records whether the patient is dependent or independent in 20 items of activity. The items consist of six self-care tasks, six stages of mobility, three employment grades and five domestic activities. The assessment takes only a few minutes to record and can be completed at weekly intervals during staff conferences and routine clinical examinations. Examples of the progress of an amputee and a hemiplegic patient at the rehabilitation centre are shown by charts, which record the state of dependence and independence and the type of aid in use, and by profiles which show the number of dependent and independent items and the extent to which activities are supervised and aids are used during each week of treatment. PMID- 6210949 TI - Infra-red thermography in the assessment of sacro-iliac inflammation. AB - In a cross-sectional study designed to investigate the sensitivity of infra-red thermography in the detection of sacro-iliac regions were examined by thermography in a group of patients with ankylosing spondylitis and compared with normal volunteers and patients with other causes of low back pain. Thermograms were recorded both quantitatively via profile measurements across the sacro-iliac regions and sacrum and qualitatively via the pattern recorded by photography. Sacro-iliac disease activity was recorded clinically on the same day and was low overall in the patients examined. Thirteen of the 30 ankylosing spondylitis patients were abnormal thermographically either by profile or pattern measurements. None of the 13 patients with other causes of low back pain had increased sacro-iliac activity on thermography. None of four patients without X ray evidence of sacro-iliitis was abnormal thermographically but there was a trend for increasing thermographic activity to be associated with increasing clinical activity. It was concluded that the thermographic technique examined was of little help in the diagnosis of early sacro-iliitis but might be more helpful in the objective serial assessment of sacro-iliitis in individual patients with active disease. PMID- 6210950 TI - [Radiological possibilities in different diagnosis of hypertension (author's transl)]. AB - The radiological methods have their definite place within the pattern of differential diagnosis of hypertension. To detect renal hypertension, urography and radionuclide techniques with separate clearance are employed. Morphological proof of arterial stenoses is effected by means of angiography. Changes in the adrenal causing hypertension are covered by sonography and computerized tomography which are supplemented mainly by adrenal phlebography and selective withdrawal of blood for hormonal determination. The chest x-ray film yields information on cardiac adaptation to enhanced pressure load. PMID- 6210951 TI - ATP-ase positive cells in human oral mucosa transplanted to nude mice. AB - A model to study the differentiation of human oral epithelium in vivo utilizing transplantation of human tissue to nude mice has been described. Previous studies have described the epithelial cells in this model. In this study we demonstrate that 8 d after transplantation, Langerhans cells, identified as ATP-ase positive dendritic cells, have almost disappeared from the transplanted epithelium whereas at day 21 after transplantation such cells were abundant. It is suggested that the ATP-ase positive cells which reappear in the transplanted epithelium are of mouse origin. PMID- 6210953 TI - B-L antigens (Ia-like antigens) of the chicken major histocompatibility complex. AB - This paper reviews the present knowledge of B-L antigens encoded by the chicken B complex as regards to the following aspects: (1) identification and cellular expression, (2) structural studies, (3) evidence for two distinct populations of B-L antigens, (4) mapping of B-L loci of the B complex, (5) B-L and immune response, and (6) the role of the B-L antigens for the control of mixed lymphocyte reactions (MLR) and graft-versus-host (GVH) reactions. It is concluded that B-L antigens of the chicken exhibit extensive homology with mammalian Ia antigens. A genetic map of the B complex is presented. PMID- 6210952 TI - Age-dependent allospecific change in susceptibility to local lymph node GVHR in rats. AB - Inoculation of parental strain lymphocytes into the footpads of young F1 hybrid rats induces GVHR, which can be quantitated by estimation of the weight of the popliteal lymph node 7 days later. In a number of strain combinations adult and old F1 animals were also useful for the assay. In some, however, it was observed that F1 rats did not support GVHR to the same extent as young did, when one of the parental strains served as donor for the GVHR, but reacted normally if the other parental strain was used. This phenomenon was analysed in serum and cell transfer experiments as well as in vitro in MLC. It was possible to transfer suppression in vivo, whereas some degree of specific MLC inhibition was observed when serum from old F1 animals undergoing GVHR was assessed. The 'old' pattern of response could be reverted partially by splenectomy and completely by low dose irradiation of the recipient before GVHR. PMID- 6210954 TI - In vitro enhancement of AA-degrading activity in human plasma with the plasminogen activator streptokinase. AB - Radiolabelled protein AA was coupled to cyanogen-bromide-activated Sepharose 6 MB and used as a substrate to determine the AA-degrading activity of enzymes in solution. The applicability of the substrate was tested with an elastase preparation known to have AA-degrading activity. The substrate was used to determine the AA-degrading activity in fractions of normal human serum in the presence and absence of the plasminogen activator streptokinase. The AA-degrading activity was increased in fractions in which streptokinase-induced plasminogen activation had occurred. The increase in activity could be inhibited with antibodies to plasminogen. AA-degrading activity could also be increased in whole human plasma by the addition of streptokinase. PMID- 6210955 TI - Relative immunogenicity and tolerogenicity of individual regions or segments of the MHC. AB - Mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC) reactivity, induction of cytotoxicity in vitro, survival of skin allografts, and induction of neonatal transplantation tolerance were compared in mice of the strain combinations differing in the entire H-2 complex or in individual segments of it. The results showed that antigenic products of the K end of the H-2 complex were more immunogenic and also more resistant to tolerance induction than the products of the D end of H-2. I-region products that elicited transplantation reactions of variable strength, depending on the detection system, were relatively easier to overcome in tolerance induction and could, at least in some combinations, contribute to tolerance induction across the barrier represented by the products of the K region of the H 2 complex. PMID- 6210956 TI - The still elusive T cell receptor: on the possibility of a common V-gene pool for B- and T-cell-antigen receptor molecules. AB - The contention that VH constitutes a part of T-cell receptors for antigens was probed by purifying rabbit T cells and analysing these cells for non immunoglobulin VH, i.e. VH not associated with L chain. A number of anti-VH antisera were employed for this purpose, the most important being goat antiserum, reacting with common a1 allotype determinants (allotype determinants expressed on free VH and H chain as well as on intact immunoglobulins), rat antibody against common non-allotype VH determinants (VH framework determinants expressed on VH and H chain as well as on intact immunoglobulins) and chicken antibody against unmasked non-allotype determinants (VH determinants accessible only in the absence of L chain). VH and L chain was quantified by radioimmunoassays on extracts and supernatants from unstimulated T cells as well as from T cells stimulated by concanavalin A and by allogeneic cells. Absolute depletion of Ig containing and -producing cells was not achieved but in no case was an excess of VH over L chain observed. This indicated that all detected VH originated from cells of the B lineage. The cells were also cultured in the presence of labelled amino acids followed by analysis of detergent extracts and supernatants by immunoadsorption and sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) fluorography. Again, no evidence for T-cell VH could be found. Affinity purified anit-VH antibody was used to label viable rabbit T cells through the use of secondary fluorescence-labelled anti-immunoglobulin antibody. No VH-specific labelling of T cells could be observed. Mixed lymphocyte cultures were carried out in the presence of affinity-purified anti-VH antibodies. No inhibition of the reaction could be discerned. The failure to detect T-cell VH is in agreement with the recent finding that the VH-genome in T cells is not rearranged in a functional manner similar to that in B cells. PMID- 6210957 TI - [The electrocardiogram in myocardial diseases]. AB - From 1970 to 1980 75 patients with dilatative, 51 patients with hypertrophic, and 8 patients with restrictive cardiomyopathy (endomyocardial fibrosis) have been investigated. The routine electrocardiogram showed premature ventricular beats in patients with dilatative (53%) and hypertrophic (59%) cardiomyopathy. Atrial fibrillation was observed in 16% of the patients with dilatative and 37% of the patients with restrictive cardiomyopathy. Left axis deviation was seen in dilatative (45%) cardiomyopathy and right axis deviation in restrictive (37%) cardiomyopathy. A left bundle branch block was seen in 33% of the patients with dilatative cardiomyopathy and left ventricular hypertrophy in 55% of the patients with dilatative and 67% of the patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Left and right atrial hypertrophy was observed in patients with restrictive cardiomyopathy (50%) and left atrial hypertrophy in patients with dilatative cardiomyopathy (40%). It is concluded that the electrocardiogram in patients with dilatative cardiomyopathy is characterized by premature ventricular beats, left ventricular and left atrial hypertrophy and a left bundle branch block. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is characterized by left ventricular hypertrophy with negative T-waves and premature ventricular beats, and restrictive cardiomyopathy by atrial fibrillation, right axis deviation and left and right atrial hypertrophy. PMID- 6210958 TI - Suppressor T lymphocytes control the development of primary skin cancers in ultraviolet-irradiated mice. AB - Exposure of mice to ultraviolet radiation results in the development of suppressor T lymphocytes in lymphoid organs, followed by the appearance of primary skin cancers. The presence or absence of these suppressor lymphocytes determines whether or not primary cancers will develop in the ultraviolet irradiated skin. This demonstrates the importance of immunological regulatory pathways in carcinogenesis and provides an example of immunological surveillance. PMID- 6210960 TI - Autoimmune platelet destruction: idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. PMID- 6210961 TI - Increased uptake of technetium-99m-labeled bone imaging agents in the kidneys. PMID- 6210962 TI - [Lumbago and sciatica. Radiologic studies]. PMID- 6210959 TI - Increased platelet destruction. PMID- 6210963 TI - [Very frequent diseases. Lumbago and sciatica]. PMID- 6210964 TI - [Medical treatment of common lombo-sciatica]. PMID- 6210965 TI - [Anatomic and physio-pathologic basis of lombo-sciatica]. PMID- 6210966 TI - [Lumbago and sciatica. Surgical treatment]. PMID- 6210967 TI - [Lumbago and sciatica. Psycho-sociologic and economic aspects]. PMID- 6210968 TI - [Clinical aspects and etiology of lumbago, sciatica and cruralgia]. PMID- 6210969 TI - [The nurse with the motor-handicapped]. PMID- 6210970 TI - Successful moxalactam therapy for gram-negative bacillary meningitis in neonates. AB - Three neonates with gram-negative bacillary meningitis were treated with moxalactam after therapy with ampicillin plus aminoglycoside, trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole, or chloramphenicol failed to sterilize the CSF. Clinical improvement and CSF sterility occurred after therapy with moxalactam was initiated. Moxalactam concentrations in CSF exceeded MICs of each organism. All three patients were cured of their infection. Moxalactam appears to be an effective antibiotic for the treatment of neonatal gram-negative bacillary meningitis. PMID- 6210971 TI - Cortical blood flow during craniotomy for aneurysms. AB - A previously described thermal diffusion flow probe was used to monitor cortical blood flow in over fifty craniotomies for treatment of aneurysms. Hypotension, retractor pressure, vascular manipulation, and temporary vessel occlusion can be seen to affect cortical blood flow. By monitoring cortical blood flow, anesthetic and surgical techniques may be altered to prevent ischemic complications. We have only limited experience with early operation and with craniotomy in the face of vasospasm. Monitoring cortical blood flow may eventually allow operations in these instances to be accomplished more safely. PMID- 6210972 TI - Transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder during pregnancy: a case report. PMID- 6210973 TI - Ten-year pathological study of Beall mitral valve prostheses. AB - Detailed pathological studies are reported on 20 cloth-covered Beall mitral valve prostheses, which had to be removed for valve failure nine months to 10 years after implantation. Results in all patients except one indicated that there was a progressive and persistent granulomatous reaction that continued up to at least 10 years. Although the rate of tissue ingrowth into the valve decreased with time, the total volume of tissue formation increased. Cloth wear and disruption and deformity of the teflon discs was frequently seen. In these 20 valves the desired result--namely, the complete and smooth endothelialisation of the prosthesis--was certainly not achieved. PMID- 6210974 TI - Dogger bank itch. 4. An eczema-causing sulfoxonium ion from the marine animal, Alcyonidium gelatinosum [Bryozoa]. AB - Repeated exposure to the marine bryozoan, Alcyonidium gelatinosum, frequently provokes an eczematous allergic contact dermatitis known as the "Dogger Bank Itch". The dermatitis, representing a severe occupational disease, is especially widely distributed among trawlermen working in the Dogger Bank area in the North Sea. The allergy is shown to belong to the type of cell-mediated hypersensitivity. The hapten has been identified as the (2 hydroxyethyl)dimethylsulfoxonium ion. The isolation, structure determination and synthesis are discussed. PMID- 6210976 TI - The Stellenbosch undergraduate paedodontic curriculum: an appraisal by graduates. PMID- 6210975 TI - Laparoscopical and histological abnormalities of the liver in chronic HBs ag (hepatitis B surface antigen) carriers. AB - Previously, I have reported the laparoscopical and histological findings of 16 chronic HBs Ag carriers in whom the time of HBV infection could be assumed, HBs Ag in the sera persisted for at least 6 months, and laparoscopy with liver biopsy was performed. In these carriers, no abnormal results of liver function tests were found and early history of hepatitis was unknown. Besides these 16 HBs Ag carriers, I have encountered 15 chronic HBs Ag carriers in whom the time of HBV infection could be assumed, HBs Ag in the sera persisted for at least six months, and laparoscopy with liver biopsy was performed. In these carriers, no early history of hepatitis could be found and normal results of liver function tests were observed at least at the time of the first laparoscopy with liver biopsy, but blood chemical analyses resulted in slightly abnormal values at rare intervals during the clinical observations after the first laparoscopy with liver biopsy. In six cases of 15 chronic HBs Ag carriers, laparoscopy revealed a white liver; in four cases, a multicolored liver and in the remaining five cases, a nodulated liver. Histology of the white liver in six cases showed chronic persistent hepatitis (CPH) in three cases, chronic aggressive hepatitis (CAH) in one case and chronic persistent hepatitis with fatty metamorphisis in two cass. Histology of the nodulated liver showed liver cirrhosis in five cases. Histology of the multicolored livers showed CAH in all four cases. The question remains unanswered as to how such morphological alterations of the liver developed in these chronic HBs Ag carriers with normal liver chemistries. PMID- 6210977 TI - Identification and quantification of dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate in saliva. AB - 3 beta-Hydroxy-5-androsten-17-one (dehydroepiandrosterone) sulphate has been separated from an extract of human saliva by ion exchange gel chromatography and identified by high resolution gas chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry of the tert-butyldimethylsilyl derivative of the neutral steroid obtained by enzymic hydrolysis. Quantitative analyses, employing 7,7-2H dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate as the internal standard, have indicated concentrations in the saliva of young adult subjects to be generally in the range 0.9-5.7 nmol/l, though concentrations as high as 10.7 nmol/l have been observed. PMID- 6210978 TI - [Dental therapeutic agents and dental materials as allergens]. PMID- 6210979 TI - [Pedodontics in the 18th and 19th centuries]. PMID- 6210980 TI - The place of medicine in a hierarchy of knowledge: the illustration in Lyon Palais des Arts, ms. 22, f. 1r, from the eleventh century. PMID- 6210981 TI - [The quarrel of priorities in metoposcopy: Hajek contra Cardano]. PMID- 6210982 TI - Dracontiasis in western Rajasthan, India. PMID- 6210983 TI - Onchocerciasis presenting with backache. PMID- 6210984 TI - [Removal of waste gas from pediatric anesthetic systems]. PMID- 6210985 TI - [Laparoscopic sterilization with thermocoagulation]. PMID- 6210986 TI - Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of the renal artery. PMID- 6210987 TI - [Ultrasonic flowmeter studies at hemodynamics in the ophthalmic artery basin]. PMID- 6210988 TI - [Study of risk factors in primary glaucoma among industrial workers]. PMID- 6210989 TI - Location and sequence of the erf gene of phage P22. PMID- 6210990 TI - [Effect of measured reduction of coronary blood flow on energy metabolism in the myocardium]. PMID- 6210991 TI - [Results with laparoscopic tubal sterilization (author's transl)]. AB - 1245 laparoscopic tubal sterilizations were performed at the University Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology in Graz over a period of six years. The "single-puncture technique" was used. Up to November 1979 coagulation of the tubes was carried out by unipolar, and subsequently by bipolar high-frequency current. The indications were family limitation in 71.9% of cases and medical in 28.1% of cases. In most cases (70.8%) the procedure was carried out as interval sterilization. Simultaneous abortion by vacuum aspiration was performed in 28.8% of patients. The average age of patients was 33.9% years. 85.2% of women had two or more living children. Intraoperative complications occurred in 2.3% of cases. The pregnancy rate was 0.49%. The indications and the operative technique are described in detail and discussed. PMID- 6210992 TI - [The significance of medical assessment in the framework of medical care]. PMID- 6210993 TI - [Relation of work fitness and personality development from the viewpoint of the medical profession]. PMID- 6210994 TI - [Differential diagnosis and therapy of calluses, corns and plantar warts (author's transl)]. AB - Calluses and corns arise from persistent continuous or intermittent pressure where there is an insufficient amount of soft tissue between skin and the underlying bone. Pain from corns results from their hard conical corn pointing to the bone. Foot deformation is the most common cause. Warts may develop as myrmecia, mosaic and vulgar warts. Surgical treatment is usually not indicated since the rate of recurrences is as high as with conservative therapy, and the resulting scars may lead to the same complaints. PMID- 6210996 TI - Endodontic management of a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). PMID- 6210995 TI - [Red pigment dyes and acne. Clinical observations and experimental investigations (author's transl)]. AB - Acne-like changes were observed on a child's cheeks after colouring them with a red felt-tip pen. Numerous comedos appeared around a red tattoo coloured with felt-tip pen ink on a 16 year old girl. In animal experiments using rabbits' ears, two organic pigment inks found in these types of felt-tip pens could be proved to be the cause of a comedo-producing reaction. We are concerned here with quinacridone dye, pigment violet 19 (C.I.46.500), and the chlorine containing azo dye, pigment red 7 (C.I. 12.420). PMID- 6210997 TI - [Became ill from cytostatic agents - gets recognition of occupational injury]. PMID- 6210998 TI - [Neuromuscular mitochondriopathy. A morphological expression of disorders of the energy metabolism (author's transl)]. PMID- 6210999 TI - Isoelectric focusing studies on the PGM1 subtypes in the northern Japanese population. AB - The distribution of the human red cell phosphoglucomutase (PGM1) subtypes in samples from Japanese population (n = 277) living in the Miyagi Prefecture, the northern part of Japan, was investigated by applying the thinlayer polyacrylamide gel isoelectric focusing. In our population sample all the ten common phenotypes were demonstrated, and the estimated allele frequencies for the genes PGM1+1, PGM1-1, PGM2+1, and PGM2-1 were 0.671, 0.107, 0.161, and 0.061, respectively. Family studies (n = 40) indicated an autosomal codominant inheritance and confirmed the four alleles. The new system will increase the probability of exclusion in paternity cases among Japanese to 29.4% compared with 14.3% if the two allele system is used. PMID- 6211001 TI - [Mastitis in a SPF-mouse colony]. PMID- 6211000 TI - [Histopathogenesis of synovialitis in experimental allergic rabbit arthritis. Comparative studies on rheumatoid synovialitis]. AB - The development of synovitis was studied in 64 rabbits with experimentally produced allergic arthritis and in 30 rabbits with experimentally produced non allergic arthritis. The results are compared with the morphological changes of the synovial membrane in rheumatoid arthritis, especially in early stages, known from the literature. The experimentally produced non-allergic arthritis shows no similarity whatsoever to rheumatoid arthritis. On the other hand, there is a pronounced similarity of the synovitis in experimentally produced allergic arthritis and in the fully developed stage of rheumatoid arthritis. In experimental allergic arthritis this stage is already reached after three weeks while the changes in the synovial membrane in rheumatoid arthritis are only little characteristic over a disease period of up to six months. A subdivision of individual morphological criteria shows special differences in the vascular changes and in the ratio of lymphocytes to plasma cells. In experimentally produced allergic arthritis, there is only initially a thrombovasculitis within the frame of the Arthus reaction whereas in rheumatoid arthritis, especially in the early stages, a proliferative vasculitis is frequently described. Furthermore, in experimentally produced allergic arthritis as compared to rheumatoid arthritis, the plasma cells are preponderating over the lymphocytes, which points to an increased humoral immune response in the animal model. PMID- 6211002 TI - Spontaneous mesotheliomas in Han: WIST rats. PMID- 6211003 TI - [Rehabilitation of patients suffering from para- and tetraplegia (author's transl)]. AB - The rehabilitation of paralysed patients may not be postponed to the urgent primary treatment, but has to begin at the onset of disability. This can be done in special centers. An early mobilisation is the first aim, for which operative stabilization may also be indicated. A high standard of self-help in daily life activities must be obtained in tetraplegics. Wheelchair-sports is of utmost importance for improving power and ability. Clinical rehabilitation is aimed at preparing the patient for social reintegration and vocational training. PMID- 6211004 TI - [Laparoscopy in the diagnosis of blunt abdominal injuries in childhood (author's transl)]. PMID- 6211006 TI - [Internship experience in epidemiology inthe Department of Epidemiology of the Health and Hygiene Faculty of the Narimanov Azerbaijani Medical Institute]. PMID- 6211005 TI - [Nosocomial infective agents in a surgical intensive care unit. III. Spreading of Staphylococcus aureus with regard to phage typing analysis (author's transl)]. AB - The colonization of a surgical intensive care unit with Staphylococcus aureus was studied over a period of 16 withdrawal days. During this survey samples were taken from medical and nursing staff, patients and their inaminate environment. To make statements about the potential sources and routes of transmission of Staph. aureus we investigated the resistance situation (18 tested chemotherapeutical agents) and phage lysis patterns of about 100 isolates. By means of different examples could be demonstrated that identical resistance patterns may lead to false epidemiological conclusions. Only the use of phage pattern analysis seems to enable well-founded hints. PMID- 6211007 TI - [Methodology and content of seminar classes for student physicians in postgraduate training]. PMID- 6211008 TI - [Activation of natural tularemia foci of the field-meadow and steppe types on the territory of Tula Province 1977-1978]. AB - Natural tularemia foci of the meadow and steppe type are extremely stable and become active in those years when the most favourable living conditions for rodents appear. For the first time during the last 30 years a great increase in the number of common voles, accompanied by widely spread epizooty covering the whole territory of the Tula region, was observed. House mice, common field mice, harvest mice and black rats were also involved in this epizooty and 235 tularemia patients with all clinical forms of the disease were registered, the pulmonary form of the disease being prevalent. The cases of the disease were observed among both urban and rural population. In spite of a high morbidity rate, no cases of group infection were registered in domestic conditions and among agricultural workers due to the existence of the numerous immune layer among the population. The formation of this layer resulted from planned vaccinal prophylaxis covering, on the average, 86.3% of the rural population of the region. PMID- 6211009 TI - [Monthly dynamics of the antitoxic immunity against diphtheria and tetanus and of normal antibodies to fraction I of the plague microbe in adults]. AB - Monthly characteristics of antitoxic immunity to diphtheria and tetanus toxoids in 3,334 adults in Ryazan were determined. As a result, the following differences were established: the characteristics of antidiphtheria immunity were somewhat higher in the autumn-winter period and dropped to the minimal level in the winter spring period; the maximal characteristics of antitetanus immunity clearly coincided with the hot season, its minimal characteristics with the cold season. For the first time the frequency and titers of normal antibodies to fraction I of Pasteurella pestis in humans were determined. Their monthly dynamics proved to be parallel to the curve indicating the characteristics of antitetanus immunity, but on a lower level: 1-10%. The presence of normal antibodies was accompanied by higher titers to tetanus toxoid, but not to diphtheria toxoid. According to the results of earlier studies, normal antibodies were shown to be the sign of homologous reactivity in inbred animals. Our data indicate that these antibodies can serve as the indirect sign of heterologous reactivity in humans. PMID- 6211010 TI - [Characteristics and trends in the development of an epidemic process of Sonne and Flexner dysentery among preschool children]. AB - The results of studies indicate that the morbidity rates of dysentery among children attending preschool institutions and children brought up at home converged in recent years. This phenomenon was most pronounced among children of the kindergarten age group. At the same time dysentery caused by Sh. sonnei and Sh. flexnery produced a higher morbidity rate among children attending nursery in comparison with that among children of the same age group brought up at home. Group infections in preschool institutions were caused by Sh. sonnei in 89.1% of cases and by Sh. flexneri in 10.9% of cases. Outbreaks due to the transfer of infection through everyday contacts were observed only in dysentery caused by Sh. sonnei, constituting 71.4% of the total number of dysentery outbreaks. PMID- 6211011 TI - [Prognosis of plague epizootics among wild rodents]. AB - In the mesofoci of the Central Asian desert focus of plague the successful alternative prognosis of epizootic activity is possible. Such prognosis can be made by the method of consecutive statistical analysis with the use of prognostic tables compiled on the basis of the distribution of predictors in the order of the decrease of their information content. PMID- 6211012 TI - [Experience in organizing primary specialization in epidemiology]. AB - Experience in the organization of the primary stage of specialization in epidemiology is described. In the process of this specialization the students study the subject and the methods of an epidemiologist's work, practice their skills in epidemiological analysis, acquire experience and skills necessary for work with scientific literature and in research. Grounds for the necessity of summarizing the working experience of different chairs in the form of methodological recommendations to be universally used through the country are given. PMID- 6211013 TI - [Experience in introducing academic research work into the process of training the hygienist and epidemiologist]. PMID- 6211014 TI - [S. N. Davidenkov at the Leningrad National Institute for Advanced Training of Physicians]. PMID- 6211015 TI - [Etiologic analysis of oligophrenia in inbred populations]. PMID- 6211016 TI - [Clinical picture and diagnosis of amyotrophic leukospongiosis]. AB - Within a period of 24 years 17 patients suffering from a specific spinal amyotrophy were observed in Byelorussia. The disease steadily progressed and ended in death. Family and group morbidity, and less frequently sporadic cases were registered. Clinical examinations revealed a selective affection of the anterior horns resembling subacute anterior poliomyelitis. The truncal structures remained intact during the whole course of the disease. Two or three years after the disease onset spinal disturbances of respiration joined. The average duration of the disease was 2.5 to 3 years. Morphological examinations revealed total destruction of thoracic mononeurons and spongiosis of the white matter of the brain and the spinal cord, but without signs of demyelinization of the corticospinal tract. The specificity of the epidemiological, clinical, and pathomorphological features of the disease has given the authors grounds to designate it as "amyotrophic leukospongiosis". PMID- 6211017 TI - [Clinical forms of chronic neuroinfections (organization of research, etiology and pathogenesis, therapeutic principles)]. AB - The results of complex examination of 489 patients suffering from chronic neuroinfections (progressing forms of tick-borne encephalitis, disseminated sclerosis, disseminated encephalomyelitis, subacute sclerosing panencephalitis, etc.) are presented. An analysis of the results of virological, immunological, genetic and electrophysiological examinations, as well as the results of kinesotherapy has demonstrated a definite role of hereditary peculiarities of the immune mechanisms and the nervous system in the genesis of those diseases, as well as certain common features of the pathogenetic mechanisms. This enables one to outline some general principles of the therapy of those diseases. PMID- 6211018 TI - [Sanatorium-health resort treatment of patients with progressive neuromuscular diseases]. AB - The efficacy of balneo- and peloidotherapy of 280 children suffering from various forms of progressing myodystrophies was evaluated. A marked improvement was registered in 64%, and an insignificant improvement in 10.5% of the children. To determine the optimal therapeutic combination for one or another from the disease and its gravity the results obtained in children who received combinations to different balneofactors (radon or sulfur baths) were compared. As control, fresh water baths were taken, the other factors of the therapeutic complex being equal. The time course of the clinical, biochemical, and electrophysiological findings has shown that is is quite expedient to treat children suffering from Kugelberg Welander amyotrophy with sulfur and radon baths. As to children with initial forms of Duchenne's myopathy it was found preferable to treat them with sulfur waters. The treatment complex should include, besides the baths, therapeutic exercises, oxygen therapy, mud or ozokerite applications, as well as general roborant therapy. PMID- 6211019 TI - Intracellular degradation of mitochondrial enzymes. AB - Quantitation of the pool of short-lived mitochondrial proteins in cultured cells by a new method shows it to be very low, i.e. approximately 1.35%. Degradation of three long-lived mitochondrial enzymes of rat liver which make up approximately 25-30% of the mitochondrial protein necessitates the cooperation of mitochondrial and lysosomal components. The degradation of carbamyl phosphate synthetase (t1/2, 7.7 d) and of ATPase (t1/2, 2-3 d) requires both a protein component from the inner mitochondrial membrane and lysosomes while degradation of glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) (t1/2, approximately 1 d) necessitates a mitoplast factor, identified as NADP, which facilitates the inactivation by lysosomes. Chemotropic modification (carbamylation) of GDH also changes stability to rat liver proteases. All three enzymes are synthesized as pro-enzymes. Their processing and possibly control of degradation by maturases as well as the relation of both processes to molecular plasticity is presented. PMID- 6211020 TI - [Surgical treatment of fractures of the upper third of the femur in aged patients: statistical findings]. PMID- 6211021 TI - [Radiological aspect of Peutz-Jeghers syndrome: considerations on a case]. AB - The authors present their experience on a case of Peutz-Jeghers syndrome. Initially described in 1921, the association of intestinal polyposis with pigmentation of the skin and mucous membranes has been called the Peutz-Jeghers syndrome; the pigment, which is melanin, usually involves the lips and mouth and at times the face and extremities. The syndrome appears to be a hereditable disease. Polyps may be present in the stomach, small bowel and colon, but are most frequent in the small bowel, where they produce intussusception or bleeding. Our patient, a 35-year-old man, presented abdominal pain and recurrent intestinal bleeding. Our aim was to evidence radiological signs of this syndrome. the radiographic examination of small bowel, showing multiple polyps and signs of intussusception, definitely confirmed the diagnosis. The Authors finally discuss the possibility of other syndromes associated with gastrointestinal polyposis such as familial polyposis, Cronkhite-Canada syndrome, Gardner syndrome etc. PMID- 6211022 TI - [Immediate and long-term results of isolated aortic valve replacement. Personal experience]. PMID- 6211023 TI - [Prognostic and therapeutic trends in malignant non-epithelial tumors in childhood. Clinical case reports]. PMID- 6211024 TI - [2 Cases of intestinal occlusion caused by carcinoma of the ileum]. AB - The Authors describe two patients observed because of an acute obstructive episode and presenting at laparotomy a stenosing carcinoma of the ileum. In these cases the first symptom, as observed in one patient may be represented by an abdominal undefined, changeable and irregular pain, whose peristaltic origin appears rarely clearly recognized. Acute obstruction may therefore be the first symptom as verified in our other case, or the clinical presentation after a long and misunderstood abdominal pain history. For these reasons these patients reach the surgeon almost always when complicated and in advanced oncological stage, so that the surgical treatment also when radically performed, offers no satisfactory. PMID- 6211025 TI - [Clinico-criminological aspects of tattoo removal]. AB - The desire to remove one's tattooes in prison surroundings is unanimously recognized as a positive sign of maturity and rehabilitation. A case of attempted tattoo removal serves to draw attention to some aspects of the motives which underlie such behaviour in order to determine a correct forecast of the real possibilities of the prisoner's recovery. The behavioural and psychological analysis of the case under study confirms the predictive value of the act in that it was coupled with a real request for help on the part of the subject regarding his personal wants and needs. Tattoo removal carried out surgically is concluded to be a useful therapeutic operation with the aim of safeguarding the mental health and rehabilitation of the prisoner. PMID- 6211026 TI - Control of ventricular rate during atrial fibrillation: ambulatorial experience. PMID- 6211028 TI - The in vitro activity of moxalactam against 430 clinical, bacterial isolates. AB - The in vitro activity of the novel beta-lactam antibiotic moxalactam against 430 bacterial isolates was determined by an agar dilution method. Moxalactam was highly active against Enterobacteriaceae including indole-positive Proteus and Providencia, all isolates being susceptible to 1.0 microgram/ml or less. The drug was somewhat less active against Gram-positive cocci and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and enterococci were highly resistant. All Haemophilus influenzae isolates were inhibited by 0.06 microgram/ml or less. Activity against Bacteroides fragilis was good but wide variations of minimal inhibitory concentrations were noted. Moxalactam may become a useful alternative to the aminoglycosides in the treatment of serious infections caused by Gram-negative bacteria. PMID- 6211027 TI - A histochemical and ultrastructural study of human urethral uroepithelium. AB - The ultrastructure and histochemistry of the human urethral mucosa was studied. By scanning electronmicroscopy (SEM) the cover cell of the urethra was found to be polygonal and with a surface topography characterized by numerous microvilli and micro-ridges. By transmission electronmicroscopy (TEM) the cover cells were shown to be interconnected with tight junctions but to lack the asymmetric luminal membrane and the fusiform vacuoles that characterize urothelium above the bladder neck. Histochemical analyses showed the human urethral cells to harbour large amounts of glycogen, and the glycocalyx facing the urethral lumen displayed high affinity for alcian blue and colloidal iron, indicating the presence of acid mucopolysaccharides. The reactivity with alcian blue appeared at pH 2.5, but was abolished by pre-treatment with sialidase. Studies with TEM or using SEM with energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX) confirmed the high content of acid mucopolysaccharides in the luminal glycocalyx of the cover cells by demonstrating high binding capacity for ruthenium red. The quantitative binding of ruthenium red was not influenced by pH shifts between 4.5 and 7.5. Utilizing the SEM + EDX technique, small variations in quantity of negative charge (i.e. of bound ruthenium red) were detected within individual cover cells, but considerable variations were found between cells. The significance of these physicochemical properties of the human urethral lining is discussed with special reference to the previously demonstrated liability of this mucosal surface to interact with microorganisms such as Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus saprophyticus and Neisseria gonorrhoeae. PMID- 6211029 TI - Reduced generation of suppressor cells in human mixed lymphocyte culture after radiotherapy. AB - Suppressor T cells can be generated in mixed lymphocyte cultures (MLC) and their function is relatively resistant to irradiation in vitro. In this study the capacity to generate suppressor cells in MLC was determined before and after radiotherapy in 11 patients with endometrial cancer. After external pelvic radiotherapy with 40 Gy, the lymphocytes remaining in circulation demonstrated a lowered proliferation in MLC, and also the suppressive effect of MLC-activated cells was reduced. After radiotherapy, ten times as many MLC-activated cells were needed to get the same degree of suppression as before radiotherapy. PMID- 6211030 TI - The relationship between human T-lymphocyte subsets defined by monoclonal antibodies and by avidity differences to sheep erythrocytes. AB - By E-rosette sedimentation procedures and fluorescence activated cell sorting of monoclonal antibody-coated T lymphocytes, we have investigated the relationship between the human T lymphocyte subsets defined by the monoclonal antibodies against the T4 and T8 antigens and those defined by avidity differences to sheep erythrocytes. Through a correlation was demonstrated between the T4+ (inducer) cells and the high avidity ("active") T cells and between the T8+ (suppressor) cells and low avidity T cells, these subsets were far from identical, and it is concluded that the application of monoclonal antibodies represents another valuable and standardized approach for estimating T cell subsets. PMID- 6211031 TI - Suppressor cell activity and beta-cell function in insulin-dependent diabetics. AB - Immunological mechanisms may play a role in the pathogenesis of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), and suppressor cell activity (SCA) has been found depressed at diagnosis. The aim of the present study was to elucidate whether patients with preserved beta-cell function display a different SCA than other patients. Sixteen patients without and 12 patients with beta-cell function after averagely 9 years' duration of IDDM were examined. The suppressive effect of lymphocytes was investigated after incubation with concanavalin A followed by inactivation. Suppression was measured as the ability of the lymphocytes to inhibit 3H-thymidine incorporation in concanavalin A stimulated normal donor lymphocytes. The main findings were: (1) No significant differences in SCA between patients with and without beta-cell function, and one of these patient groups had SCA significantly different from normal controls. (2) A correlation between SCA and administered dose of insulin among patients without beta-cell function. It is concluded that the actual SCA several years after diagnosis is not connected with the beta-cell function in patients with IDDM. PMID- 6211032 TI - Effect of plaster-cast immobilization on the contractile properties of rabbit skeletal muscles of various functions. AB - The effect of plaster-cast immobilization was studied on the ATP-Ca++-induced contraction of glycerinated muscle fibres on myofibrillar superprecipitation and on the ATPase activity of gastrocnemius and soleus muscles obtained from rabbit hind limb. Following 28 days of immobilization the ATP-Ca++-induced tension of glycerinated muscle fibres prepared from the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles decreased significantly. Decreases in superprecipitation and in myofibrillar ATPase activity were less significant. It seems reasonable to conclude that the changes in the physiological parameters of isolated muscle fibres have been due to the alterations in the myofibrillar proteins induced by reduced activity of the muscles. PMID- 6211034 TI - The use of radioimmunoassays in obstetrics and gynecology. Proceedings of the 3rd symposium organized on the occasion of the 35th anniversary of the liberation of Czechoslovakia by the Soviet Army. PMID- 6211033 TI - [Use of densitometry for the determination of active substances in drugs. VIII. Densitometric determination of vitamins B1, B2, B6 and PP in various drug preparations]. PMID- 6211035 TI - [Control of the effect of prolactin-lowering substances]. PMID- 6211036 TI - [Radioimmunologic methods of determination of hormones in the blood in pregnancy and in abortion and premature labor]. PMID- 6211038 TI - [Carbohydrate metabolism in normo- and hyperprolactinemic sterility patients and the possible treatment of sterility in juvenile diabetes mellitus with bromocriptine (Parlodel-Sandoz)]. PMID- 6211039 TI - Therapeutic effect of bromocriptine in anovulatory women with normal prolactin levels. PMID- 6211040 TI - [Changes in prolactin levels during anesthesia in gynecologic operations]. PMID- 6211041 TI - [The applicability of LH and FSH determination to the diagnosis of Stein Leventhal syndrome]. PMID- 6211042 TI - [RIA of insulin in the determination of aberrations in the glycide metabolism in women using steroidal contraceptive preparations]. PMID- 6211043 TI - [The value of biochemical parameters in the prenatal diagnosis of intrauterine growth retardation]. PMID- 6211045 TI - [The level of steroid hormone receptors in endometrial cancer]. PMID- 6211046 TI - Determination of hCG in choriocarcinoma using RIA kits for hCG and hCG-beta. PMID- 6211048 TI - Performance evaluation of the multidetector gamma counter Multigamma 1260. PMID- 6211049 TI - [Estetrol determination in the serum after i.v. application of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate in late pregnancy]. PMID- 6211050 TI - [The determination of testosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone after dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate application in late pregnancy]. PMID- 6211051 TI - [RIA detection of primary prostaglandins in the decidua]. PMID- 6211052 TI - [The monitoring of risk pregnancies by E3 and HPL]. PMID- 6211054 TI - [Clinical indications for targeted long-term monitoring of risk pregnancy using radioimmunologic HPL determination]. PMID- 6211053 TI - [The clinical value of radioimmunologic HPL values in the long-term treatment of threatened premature labor]. PMID- 6211055 TI - [Radioimmunologic evaluation of the concentration of placental lactogen in threatened abortions]. PMID- 6211058 TI - Responsiveness of the pituitary to stimulation with arginine, GRH and TRH in patients with Turner' syndrome (karyotype 45, XO). PMID- 6211059 TI - [Radioimmunologic control of progesterone in the diagnosis of corpus luteum insufficiency]. PMID- 6211061 TI - [Thoracic ectopic right kidney associated with Down syndrome and a serious heart abnormality]. PMID- 6211062 TI - Characterization of typical and atypical antidepressant recognition sites in rat brain. PMID- 6211063 TI - Evaluation of in vivo and in vitro responses of endometrial adenocarcinoma to progestins. PMID- 6211064 TI - Gastric acid secretion induced by impromidine in the dog and man: analysis of dose-response relationships. AB - The new histamine H2-receptor agonist, impromidine, was used to assess three models of dose-response curves in vivo. Vm and ED50 values were calculated for gastric acid output to infusions of impromidine in the dog with a Heidenhain pouch and in man. In two models Michaelis-Menten kinetics were assumed: the linear transformation using the Eadie-Hofstee plot and the non-linear hyperbola, but in the third method the logistic function allowed the data to be analysed without making assumptions about the steepness of the curves. In the dog all three models gave similar results both for calculated Vm and ED50. Curve steepness from the logistic function was found to be 0.98 +/- 0.023 - not different from that assumed for the hyperbola (where steepness = 1). The results in man were different: the Eadie-Hofstee plot did not produce a significantly linear fit while the logistic function produced the smallest standard errors. The logistic curve slope was almost twice that assumed for the hyperbola (1.8 : 1) and it seems, therefore, that impromidine-induced gastric acid secretion does not follow Michaelis-Menten kinetics in man and data should be analysed using methods which allow the calculation of curve steepness. PMID- 6211065 TI - Contrast extravasation through Dacron grafts: a sequela of low-dose streptokinase therapy. AB - Local transcatheter administration of low-dose streptokinase for the treatment of thrombosed Dacron grafts was performed in four patients. Angiography after the infusion revealed extravasation of contrast material through the interstices of the graft. In each case the graft material was knitted Dacron, Surgically placed 1 month to 6 years before infusion with streptokinase. The fibrinolytic activity of streptokinase is likely responsible for lysis of the fibrin in the interstices of the graft with resultant extravasation of contrast material. PMID- 6211066 TI - Unexpected lung scan pattern after Fontan operation for tricuspid atresia. PMID- 6211067 TI - A simplified method for antegrade sheath introduction into the common femoral artery. PMID- 6211068 TI - Dracunculiasis presenting as sterile abscess. PMID- 6211069 TI - The origins of stigma: reactions by male and female pre-school children to a leg amputation. PMID- 6211070 TI - Physical education training implications of a Public Law about handicapped children. PMID- 6211071 TI - Atrial fibrillation. AB - Although most cases of sustained atrial fibrillation are associated with mitral valve disease, hypertension, cardiac failure and atherosclerotic heart disease, some cases occur in the absence of any identifiable organic pathology. The consequences of atrial fibrillation include reduction in cardiac output, systemic emboli and an exaggerated ventricular response to exercise. In most clinical situations, digoxin is the drug of choice for controlling the ventricular response. Cardioversion should be undertaken in appropriately selected patients. PMID- 6211072 TI - ASH in conditions other than hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. PMID- 6211073 TI - Detection of abnormal LV function in mitral regurgitation by echographic mitral septal separation. PMID- 6211075 TI - Coronary hemodynamics during percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. PMID- 6211076 TI - Congenital stenosis of individual pulmonary veins: clinical spectrum and unsuccessful treatment by transvenous balloon dilation. AB - Congenital stenosis of the pulmonary veins is a rare but frequently lethal congenital cardiac abnormality. Eight patients with this malformation were diagnosed, evaluated and treated. All eight patients had associated congenital cardiac defects. Two of the eight died, one of sepsis and one after operative pulmonary venoplasty. In three patients who underwent transvenous balloon catheter dilation of the stenosis the procedure provided immediate but transient relief of the stenosis. The prognosis for symptomatic infants with pulmonary vein stenosis is poor and its treatment an enigma. PMID- 6211074 TI - Comparison of right atrial pacing soon after myocardial infarction with treadmill testing 6 months later. AB - Seventy-four patients recovering from acute myocardial infarction underwent right atrial pacing before hospital discharge, and treadmill exercise testing 6 months later. The early right atrial pacing test was positive in 32 patients (43 percent) and the late treadmill test was positive in 32 patients (42 percent). The results of the two tests were concordant in 77 percent of the patients, 23 with an ischemic response and 34 with a normal response on both tests. In nine patients a positive right atrial pacing test was followed by a negative treadmill test, and in eight patients a negative pacing test was followed by a positive treadmill test. A positive right atrial pacing test at hospital discharge had an 81.0 percent predictive accuracy for a positive late treadmill test; chest pain, congestive heart failure or increased cardiothoracic ratio at discharge had a predictive value of only 52.9, 42.8 and 42.8 percent, respectively. Both the early right atrial pacing test and the late treadmill test were positive in a significantly higher proportion of patients with inferior or subendocardial infarction than of patients with anterior myocardial infarction. During early right atrial pacing the mean maximal heart rate achieved was higher than that during late treadmill testing (148 versus 133 beats/min) and the mean systolic blood pressure was lower (137 versus 162 mm Hg), but the pressure-rate product was similar on the two tests (20,282 versus 21,455 mm Hg/min). This finding may explain the similar frequency of ischemic responses to the two tests. These results indicate that the response to right atrial pacing soon after myocardial infarction is a good predictor for the presence or absence of an ischemic response to treadmill testing 6 months later. Thus, early right atrial pacing at the time of hospital discharge may be used to determine the pace of rehabilitation and short-term prognosis. PMID- 6211077 TI - Echocardiographic pulsed Doppler features of absent pulmonary valve syndrome in the neonate. AB - M mode echocardiography was used to evaluate nine neonates with absent pulmonary valve syndrome. Six were also studied with two dimensional echocardiography and two with pulsed Doppler echocardiography. M mode echocardiography demonstrated a large, overriding great artery and right ventricular dilation in all nine patients and abnormal septal motion in eight. Two dimensional echocardiography demonstrated aneurysmal dilation of the main pulmonary artery in all six patients studied. Pulsed Doppler echocardiography in the two infants studied demonstrated anterograde systolic and retrograde diastolic flow in the main pulmonary artery and right ventricular outflow tract. The echocardiographic features of absent pulmonary valve syndrome appear to be unique and allow the diagnosis to be made noninvasively, thus obviating or delaying the need for potentially high risk cardiac catheterization. PMID- 6211078 TI - Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with ventricular septal hypertrophy localized to the apical region of the left ventricle (apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy). AB - Clinical and morphologic features are described in a unique subgroup of seven patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Five patients either died suddenly or are alive but severely symptomatic. In each patient ventricular septal hypertrophy was demonstrated on two dimensional echocardiography or at necropsy to be virtually confined to its apical one-half. However, conventional M mode echocardiography was unreliable in identifying this site of hypertrophy because it was often inaccessible to the path of the M mode beam. Apical distribution of septal hypertrophy does not constitute a separate disease entity, but rather appears to be part of the morphologic spectrum of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, as judged from two findings: (1) genetic transmission of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in relatives of each study patient; and (2) marked disorganization of cardiac muscle cells in the left ventricular wall of the two patients studied at necropsy. Apical distribution of septal hypertrophy in these patients was associated with relatively mild T wave inversion in the electrocardiogram and characteristic angiographic appearance of the left ventricle with mid ventricular constriction and a small, often poorly contractile apical segment. These electrocardiographic and angiographic features differ from those previously described in Japanese patients with "apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy" in whom "giant" T wave inversion and a "spade-like" appearance of the left ventricle were characteristic. PMID- 6211079 TI - Natural history of tricuspid valve endocarditis: a two dimensional echocardiographic study. AB - Sixteen patients with tricuspid valve endocarditis were studied to define (1) what clinical or echocardiographic subsets are at risk for complications or need for tricuspid valve surgery, and (2) the long-term two dimensional echocardiographic course of tricuspid vegetations. There were 18 episodes of tricuspid endocarditis in the 16 patients; 12 patients had a history of intravenous drug abuse. Staphylococcus aureus was the most common infecting organism (11 patients). Persistent infection, cardiomegaly or radiography and right-sided heart failure were present in all patients undergoing tricuspid valve surgery and in none of the medically treated patients. Echocardiographic studies demonstrated tricuspid vegetations in 10 patients by M mode and in all 16 by two dimensional technique. Vegetation size, right ventricular enlargement and abnormal septal motion were not of prognostic significance. Two dimensional echocardiographic measurements of vegetation size correlated with surgical pathologic measurements in the four patients who underwent surgery. Serial two dimensional echocardiographic studies were available in eight patients a mean of 10.6 (range 2 to 19.5) months after the initial study: Vegetations had decreased in size or disappeared in seven patients and were essentially unchanged in one patient. It is concluded that (1) two dimensional echocardiography increases the detection of tricuspid valve vegetations and accurately estimates their size; (2) persistent infection, cardiomegaly and right-sided heart failure identify a subgroup of patients with tricuspid endocarditis who may have increased risk; (3) no M mode or two dimensional echocardiographic feature is a predictor of outcome; and (4) tricuspid valve vegetations tend to resolve with time. PMID- 6211080 TI - Timing of pulmonary and systemic blood flow during intermittent high intrathoracic pressure cardiopulmonary resuscitation in the dog. PMID- 6211081 TI - Echocardiographic evidence for early left ventricular hypertrophy in dogs with renal hypertension. AB - To investigate the rate of development of left ventricular hypertrophy, left ventricular wall thickness was measured with M mode echocardiography in 12 unanesthetized dogs for several weeks before and for 8 weeks after the induction of hypertension. Hypertension was produced by wrapping one kidney in silk an performing contralateral nephrectomy 2 weeks later. Echocardiographic measurements were performed two to three times weekly and were averaged. The intraobserver and interobserver variability of left ventricular posterior wall thickness measurements was, respectively, 3.9 percent (correlation coefficient [r] = 0.96, n = 27) and 5.4 percent (r = 0.93, n = 14). Left ventricular wall thickness during the baseline period was 7.8 +/- 0.2 mm (mean +/- standard deviation) with a coefficient of variation of 2.9 percent. After the wrapping of one kidney in silk, the mean arterial pressure increased by 10 mm Hg during week 1 (difference not significant) and by 12 mm Hg during week 2 (p less than 0.05). After contralateral nephrectomy, mean arterial pressure increased by 46 mm Hg (p less than 0.001) in 1 week and remained near that level for the rest of the study. In contrast, a significant increase in left ventricular wall thickness occurred during week 1 after wrapping (p less than 0.05). A gradual increase in left ventricular wall thickness continued during the entire study. Sequential M mode echocardiography in dogs is a sensitive and reproducible method of detecting small changes in left ventricular wall thickness. The early increase in left ventricular wall thickness in hypertensive dogs with only minimal increase in mean arterial pressure and the dissociation between the rate of development of hypertension and of left ventricular hypertrophy suggest that factors other than the pressure overload also may contribute to the initiation and evolution of cardiac hypertrophy. PMID- 6211082 TI - Effects of left atrial enlargement on atrial transmembrane potentials and structure in dogs with mitral valve fibrosis. AB - The effects of left atrial enlargement on atrial cell electrophysiology and structure were studied in dogs with mitral valve fibrosis. Thirteen dogs (Groups I) had left atrial enlargement and intermittent atrial arrhythmias; 10 dogs (Group II) had left atrial enlargement and chronic atrial fibrillation. The resting and action potentials of cells in isolated preparations from the enlarged left atrium were found not to differ from those in the nonenlarged right atrium or in the atrium of control dogs. The resting and action potentials of cells in Group II atria did not differ significantly from those in Group I atria. Some cells (15 percent of the total studied) in the atria of dogs in Groups I and II were inexcitable, but either superfusion with acetylcholine or norepinephrine restored excitability. The structural studies showed that the left atrium of the dogs in Groups I and II had a reduced number of muscle cell layers spanning the wall with an unusually large amount of connective tissue between greatly hypertrophied cells. Very few degenerating cells were seen. Dramatic abnormalities of cell electrophysiology may not be involved in the genesis of arrhythmias in the enlarged canine atrium, and the altered morphologic features of the atrium in these dogs may be important in the genesis of persistent atrial arrhythmias. PMID- 6211083 TI - Effect of ventricular hypertrophy on conduction velocity of activation front in the ventricular myocardium. AB - To study the effect of ventricular hypertrophy on conduction velocity of the activation front noninvasively, transmural conduction indexes were obtained from findings of echocardiography and body surface potential mapping performed in 40 patients with right bundle branch block uncomplicated by the left anterior fascicular block. Because in these patients, left ventricular activation proceeds radially without being modified by right ventricular activation, the index was obtained by dividing ventricular septal thickness measured from the echocardiogram by transmural conduction time, which was taken as the time interval from the onset of the QRS complex to the time when the left ventricular epicardial breakthrough minimum appeared on the potential map. The indexes, ranging from 11 to 45 cm/s, has a good positive linear correlation with the septal thickness (Y = 2.37X - 1.33, correlation coefficient [r] = 0.83) and were abnormally small in some failed hearts. Further, both the mean ventricular activation times in lead V5 and the mean value for total duration of left ventricular activation did not differ significantly in patients with and without left ventricular hypertrophy. These findings suggest that conduction velocity was increased in the hypertrophied ventricle and decreased in the failed hearts. Because there were no significant differences in the mean serum sodium and potassium concentrations in the patients with and without left ventricular hypertrophy, it is concluded that hypertrophy itself most likely caused greater conduction velocity. Enlarged cells and multiple intercalated discs abundant in hypertrophied ventricle would have facilitated intercellular current flow and, hence, conduction velocity and impaired cellular connection in the failed heart would have reduced them. Thus, the transmural conduction index is suggested to be an important aid in interpreting electrocardiograms as well as in estimating the pathologic state of the heart. PMID- 6211084 TI - Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty: report from the Registry of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. AB - Data have been collected from 34 centers in the United States and Europe performing percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty since September 1977. The procedure was carried out in 631 patients, with an average age of 51 years (range 23 to 76), of whom 80 percent had single vessel coronary disease, 17 percent had double or triple vessel disease and 3 percent had stenosis of the left main coronary artery. Coronary angioplasty was successful (greater than 20 percent decrease of coronary stenosis) in 59 percent of the stenosed arteries. The mean degree of stenosis was reduced from 83 to 31 percent. Emergency coronary bypass operation was required in 40 patients (6 percent). Myocardial infarction occurred in 29 patients (4 percent). In-hospital death occurred in six patients (1 percent), three with single vessel and three with multivessel disease. Ninety one patients have been followed up for at least 1 year after coronary angioplasty. Of the 65 patients with an initially successful angioplasty, 83 percent were in improved condition compared with their status before angioplasty. Thus, the initial satisfactory results obtained in a few centers have now been confirmed in many centers using transluminal coronary angioplasty. PMID- 6211085 TI - Negative U wave: a highly specific but poorly understood sign of heart disease. AB - A negative U wave is highly specific for the presence of heart disease and is associated with other electrocardiographic abnormalities in more than 90 percent of patients. The three most common conditions associated with a negative U wave are systemic hypertension, aortic and mitral regurgitation and ischemic heart disease. The U wave vector is directed opposite to the QRS axis in the horizontal plane in patients with both left and right ventricular hypertrophy. In patients with ischemic heart disease, the U wave vector tends to be directed away from the site of the akinetic or dyskinetic region. The change from a negative to an upright U wave after a reduction in blood pressure, renal transplantation, insertion of a valve prosthesis or a coronary arterial bypass graft procedure is associated with a decrease in the QRS amplitude but with no consistent changes in T wave polarity. The timing of the U wave apex is dependent on the duration of ventricular repolarization but not on the duration of the QRS complex. This finding and other electrocardiographic observations are explained better by the ventricular relaxation than by the Purkinje fiber repolarization theory of U wave genesis. PMID- 6211086 TI - Tryptophan metabolism in alcoholic pellagra patients: measurements of urinary metabolites and histochemical studies of related muscle enzymes. AB - Biochemical and enzymatic aspects of tryptophan-niacin metabolism were studied in 15 adult alcoholic pellagra patients and in 14 controls. In addition to the clinical signs of niacin deficiency, most of the pellagra patients had other signs of malnutrition. Plasma tryptophan in pellagra patients was 2.07 +/- 1.27 mumol/dl, and in the controls 4.84 +/- 2.21 mumol/dl (p less than 0.001). The erythrocyte glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase index was 1.94 +/- 0.77 in the pellagra patients and 1.58 +/- 0.73 in the controls. The urinary levels of 3 hydroxyanthranilic acid were 34.49 +/- 21.47 mumol/g of creatinine in the pellagra patients and 14.51 +/- 8.02 mumol/g creatinine in the controls (p less than 0.02). The urinary levels of N'methylinicotinamide were 2.13 +/- 1.18 mg/g creatinine in the pellagra patients and 4.76 +/- 1.94 mg/g creatinine in the controls (p less than 0.01). The excretion of N'-methyl-2-pyridone-5-carboxamide (2-pyridone) was 2.94 +/- 2.37 mg/g creatinine in the pellagra patients and 10.19 +/- 7.49 mg/g creatinine in the controls (p less than 0.01). The histoenzymological activity of 3-hydroxyanthranilate oxidase in the deltoid muscle was higher in the pellagra patients than in the controls, whereas alpha glycerophosphate dehydrogenase activity was higher in the controls. These results suggest that for alcoholic pellagra patients the tryptophan-niacin pathway is inhibited after the 3-hydroxyanthranilate oxidase step. PMID- 6211087 TI - Phase II study of Baker's antifol (triazinate, TZT, NSC-139,105) in advanced squamous cell carcinoma of cervix. AB - Thirty-two evaluable patients with advanced cervical squamous cell carcinoma were treated with Baker's antifol in a phase II study by the Gynecologic Oncology Group (GOG). There were no complete responses and five partial responses for a response rate of 15.6%. Twenty patients remained stable during the course of therapy; seven had progressive disease. The median number of courses to response was four and the median duration of response was 3 months. The dose-limiting toxicity was dermatitis, which occurred in 10 patients. In four, dermatitis was severe with ulceration and/or desquamation. In two, dermatitis was life threatening and may have contributed to death. Half of the patients had mild or moderate GI side effects; in one case it was severe. Very little hematologic toxicity was observed. No cases of respiratory depression or arrest occurred with this regimen. Baker's antifol has some activity against cervical carcinoma and may be of interest for inclusion in studies of combination therapy because of its relative lack of myelotoxicity. PMID- 6211088 TI - Picture of the month. Congenital lumbar hernia. PMID- 6211089 TI - Phosphofructokinase (PFK) deficiency due to a catalytically inactive mutant M type subunit. AB - A case of M-type PFK deficiency due to the synthesis of a structurally abnormal and catalytically inactive M-subunit was reported. PFK activity was reduced (39% of normal) in red cells, normal in leukocytes and platelets, and absent in muscle. The red cell enzyme was not inhibited by antiserum to human muscle PFK and displayed normal biochemical properties (Km for ATP and fructose-6-phosphate, storage stability at +4 degrees C and -80 degrees C, optimum pH, electrophoretic pattern and molecular weight). The complete lack of PFK activity in muscle was confirmed on both histological preparations and muscle extracts. Double immunodiffusion analysis using an antinormal M-PFK serum revealed that the enzyme molecule was present and immunologically identical with normal, although it was catalytically inactive. The muscle abnormality was also confirmed by electromyography, ischemic exercise testing, histochemistry and electron microscopy. Moreover, PFK activity was investigated in myoblast cultures maintained up to 25 days, and it was found to be absent. PMID- 6211091 TI - Estimation of the frequency of hexosaminidase a variant alleles in the American Jewish population. AB - There appear to be several alleles of the hexosaminidase A (HEX A) gene that lead to different clinical syndromes. In addition to the infantile-onset Tay-Sachs disease (TSD), there is a juvenile-onset and an adult-onset form, which are also characterized by low HEX A levels. There are also apparently healthy adults with low HEX A activity. Based primarily on data from population screening for TSD carrier status, we estimate the allele frequency of the combined variant alleles for which data are available to be about 4.5 x 10(-4) and the frequency of adults showing zero HEX A levels (when tested using artificial substrate) to be about 1:67,000. The implications for population screening and prenatal diagnosis are discussed. PMID- 6211090 TI - Parental trisomy 21 mosaicism. AB - A family with three children with trisomy 21 in which the mother is a phenotypically normal, trisomy 21/normal mosaic was studied. Chromosome 21 fluorescent heteromorphisms were used to document that two of the three number 21's in two of the Down syndrome offspring were of maternal origin. Five cytogenetic surveys in which both parents of a child with trisomy 21 were studied have been reviewed. From these data, it is estimated that 3% of couples producing a child with trisomy 21 can be explained by parental mosaicism. From 17 informative sibships, with one parent mosaic, the segregation ratio was estimated to be 0.43 +/- 0.11. PMID- 6211092 TI - Factors related to onset age of Huntington disease. AB - One prominent feature of Huntington disease (HD) is the variable age at which the characteristic neurological or psychiatric symptoms appear. Ages of manifestation varying from 4 to 65 years are found in a sample of 95 HD pedigrees compiled since 1968 from the Southeastern United States. Significant parent-child correlations of age of onset indicate consistency of onset age within nuclear families. However, an average intrafamily range of 9 years and an average intrapedigree range of 12 years reveal substantial variability of onset age within these groups. Of the nine cases of juvenile-onset HD identified in this sample, seven were of paternal descent. The preponderance of juvenile patients inheriting the HD gene from a father confirms similar findings from other studies. In addition, a trend toward earlier onset in all offspring of paternal transmission suggests that the juvenile-onset phenomenon is only the tail of a shift in the curve of onset ages for this group. A trend toward earlier onset in successive generations was noted. This "anticipation" may reflect the finding that persons of early onset in prior generations are selectively nonreproductive as a result of manifestation of the disorder. By identifying familial factors influencing onset age of HD, it may be possible to more effectively evaluate environmental factors that influence the onset of the disorder. PMID- 6211093 TI - Familial gastroschisis and omphalocele. PMID- 6211094 TI - Heterogeneity of immunoregulatory T-cell subsets in systemic lupus erythematosus. Correlation with clinical features. AB - Immunoregulatory T-cell subsets as defined by differentiation antigens were studied in 32 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and 16 healthy persons using the monoclonal antibodies OKT 3 or anti-Leu 4 (T cells), anti-Leu 2a (suppressor/cytotoxic cells) and anti-Leu 3a (helper/inducer cells). Compared with the 95 percent confidence limits in control subjects, decreases or increases of Leu 3a+ cells were observed in 23 patients, whereas abnormal percentages of Leu 2a+ cells were observed in only 10 patients (p less than 0.002). The ratio of Leu 3a+ to Leu 2a+ cells varied over a much broader range (0.31 to 4.14) in patients with SLE than in control subjects (95 percent confidence limit 1.04 to 2.20). Furthermore, the helper:suppressor ratio correlated significantly (p less than 0.001) with a numerical clinical characterization of the patients. A low helper: suppressor ratio was observed in patients with severe renal disease, thrombocytopenia and onset of SLE by 20 years of age. Patients with a high helper:suppressor ratio had multisystem disease including lymphadenopathy, but only rarely SLE renal disease. Patients with a normal helper:suppressor ratio had the most widespread multisystem disease, often involving the kidneys and the central nervous system. The ratio was not correlated with duration of illness, disease activity or corticosteroid dosage in the patients examined. The study suggests that SLE is not one disease entity, but rather a symptom complex with different immunoregulatory abnormalities and associated manifestations. PMID- 6211095 TI - Vitamin A toxicity and hypercalcemia. AB - A patient hospitalized with hypercalcemia and a history of chronic vitamin A ingestion was studied in order to investigate the rarely reported association between elevated serum calcium and vitamin A toxicity. The clinical presentation marked by profound weight loss, a psychiatric disturbance, total body alopecia, erosive dermatitis, and liver disease, was compatible with hypervitaminosis A. The diagnosis of vitamin A toxicity was established by elevated total vitamin A levels and the component due to retinyl esters. Other etiologies for hypercalcemia were excluded. In view of these results and the well-known effects of vitamin A on bone metabolism, it is concluded that the most likely etiology of the hypercalcemia in this patient was vitamin A toxicity. PMID- 6211096 TI - Endosalpingosis ("endosalpingoblastosis") following laparoscopic tubal coagulation as an etiologic factor of ectopic pregnancy. AB - Recent literature has suggested that the majority of pregnancies following a laparoscopic tubal coagulation failure are ectopic. This is in direct contrast to the failure of other types of tubal ligation procedures which usually result in intrauterine pregnancies. The purpose of this paper is to explain this disparity in hopes of reducing the chance of ectopic pregnancies. A study of pathology is presented and how different portions of the oviduct respond to coagulation injury is reported. It was found that the endosalpinx of the proximal oviduct, which is so frequently injured during laparoscopic coagulation, becomes activated (endosalpingosis or "endosalpingoblastosis") with potential fistula formation. If the coagulation is more distal only fibrosis occurs. This is clinically significant in that if the laparoscopist avoids injury to the proximal isthmic portion of the oviduct, the chance of "endosalpingoblastosis," fistula, and ectopic pregnancy should be reduced, thus improving the outcome of this technique. PMID- 6211097 TI - Infertility laparoscopy in perspective: review of five hundred cases. AB - The review of a 3-year, 500-case experience has revealed a marked change in the indications for infertility laparoscopy that has evolved over the past decade. In cases of unexplained infertility, 44% of 182 laparoscopies disclosed unsuspected pelvic abnormalities; 72% of 106 patients who had previously undergone various pelvic surgical procedures had abnormal postoperative tubal sequelae; 37% of abnormal hysterosalpingograms were found to be misdiagnoses; 25% of 65 evaluations for consideration of reversal of tubal sterilization found inoperable tubal remnants; and 80% of 54 patients who had had a previous diagnosis of, and treatment for, endometriosis had residual endometriosis and/or tubal factors. No laparoscopies were done to evaluate ovulatory disturbances. The indications and findings in this large series allow the authors to offer guidelines for the timing of laparoscopy in the evaluation of infertile women. PMID- 6211098 TI - On the role of the occupational therapist in physical disabilities. PMID- 6211099 TI - Role of the motor nerve in activity-induced enzymatic adaptation in skeletal muscle. AB - The sciatic nerve was cut on one side in 11 male cats, and a piece of the nerve was removed. The cats were then divided at random into two groups, a stimulation group (S) of five cats and a control group (C) of six cats. Bilateral electrical stimulation (2 Hz) of the gastrocnemius muscle (directly or via the motor nerve) was carried out in the S cats 4 h/day, 3 days/wk for 4 wk. The voltage delivered was adjusted in each cat so that both gastrocnemius muscles lifted identical loads the same distance. The activity of the tricarboxylic acid cycle marker enzyme succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) per unit of muscle weight more than doubled in response to stimulation both in the intact and the denervated gastrocnemius muscle. Stimulation did not affect the activity of the glycolytic marker enzyme 6 phosphofructokinase (PFK) or muscle capillarization. Denervation resulted in pronounced (approx 50%) fiber atrophy, which was not prevented by the stimulation. It is concluded that the presence of the motor nerve per se is not necessary for an activity-induced adaptation of the oxidative capacity of skeletal muscle. PMID- 6211100 TI - Type IIB to IIA fiber transformation in intermittently stimulated rabbit muscles. AB - Long-term intermittent stimulation (10 Hz, 8 h/day, 7 wk) of the fast-twitch tibialis anterior results in a complete transformation of type IIB fibers to type IIA fibers. This is shown by the histochemical ATPase reaction and by a decrease in Ca2+-uptake ability by the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Furthermore, as shown by studies on bulk myosin and on single fibers, the LC1-to-LC3 light chain ratio is increased on sodium dodecylsulfate gel electrophoretograms, and there are changes in the myosin isozyme pattern manifested on pyrophosphate gels under nondissociating conditions. Thus the staining intensity of the slower moving putative LC1 homodimer band increases, and there is a difference in migration velocity between stimulated and unstimulated isozymes suggesting a possible difference in the heavy chain. This study underlines the importance of the stimulation schedule in determining whether a fast-to-slow transformation or a shift in subtype takes place. PMID- 6211101 TI - Characteristics of intestinal glucose secretion in normal and diabetic rats. AB - A method was developed to characterize and quantitate the transfer of glucose from the plasma to the intestinal lumen. In normal rats, there was a linear correlation between the blood glucose concentration and the rate of appearance of plasma glucose into the intestinal lumen perfused with Krebs-Ringer buffer (r = 0.88, P less than 0.01). Intestinal perfusion with buffers containing either mannitol, glucose, or phlorizin significantly increased the recovery of secreted glucose compared with plain buffer. Rats perfused with buffer containing mannitol or those undergoing plasma volume expansion with dextran demonstrated a change in water movement from net absorption to secretion coupled with a significant increase in glucose secretion. During luminal perfusion with a buffer containing 21 mM glucose, glucose secretion represented 14% of the net glucose absorption rate. Intestinal perfusion with phlorizin gave the highest measured recovery of glucose, probably by blocking active reabsorption of secreted glucose. A series of simultaneous perfusions performed in the jejunum and ileum revealed similar rates of glucose transfer in both segments of intestine. Measurement of glucose secretion in rats with streptozotocin diabetes gave the highest values for the plasma-to-lumen movement of glucose. Treatment with insulin reduced the blood sugar and glucose transfer rate. These data demonstrate that glucose moves bidirectionally across the rat intestine, and its secretion is a passive process. PMID- 6211102 TI - Gastrin and growth of the alimentary tract in the streptozotocin-diabetic rat. AB - Mucosal growth in small intestine of the streptozotocin-diabetic rat is increased; insulin treatment decreases growth toward normal. Gastrin is trophic to the alimentary tract. Therefore, we measured gastrin and growth of the alimentary tract in controls, diabetics, and insulin-treated diabetics. Mucosal growth of the small intestine increased at 10 days of diabetes and increased further by 20 days. Serum and antral gastrin did not respond to diabetes at 10 days. At 20 days, mean antral gastrin was increased in all diabetic groups, but the increase was significant only for a hyperphagic ad libitum-fed diabetic group, which also showed increased serum gastrin. Insulin treatment decreased serum gastrin but only partly reversed the increased mucosal growth in diabetics. We conclude that 1) gastrin is not the primary cause for increased small intestinal mucosal growth in diabetes, inasmuch as gastrin did not respond to diabetes at 10 days when mucosal growth was increased, and decreased serum gastrin in insulin-treated groups was associated with increased mucosal growth; and 2) diabetes appears to increase gastrin. PMID- 6211103 TI - Load dependence of mammalian heart relaxation during cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure. AB - Mechanical properties of relaxation were studied in left ventricular rat papillary muscle during cardiac hypertrophy induced by chronic pressure and/or volume overload. Maximum velocity of isotonic lengthening was linearly related to total extent of isotonic shortening and to maximum velocity of isotonic contraction and depended on the type of chronic overloading without correlation with the degree of cardiac hypertrophy. Time to peak shortening was significantly increased in each group of hypertrophied heart muscles as compared to controls. The sensitivity of cardiac relaxation to the loading conditions was determined by the time course of relaxation. To quantify the degree of load sensitivity, we measured the ratio of isotonic area to isometric area, which was the area limited by the afterloaded force vs. time at 50% of the isometric peak tension divided by the area of the force vs. time trace in the isometric twitch below the same level of load. The value of this ratio was about 0.81 in normal rat and did not show any significant differences in hypertrophied heart muscles even at the terminal stage of congestive heart failure. During acute hypoxia the load sensitivity of relaxation disappeared both in normal and in hypertrophied hearts. Thus inadequacy in oxygen supply has more drastic effects, as compared with those induced by chronic overload, probably by affecting the sarcoplasmic reticulum uptake of activating calcium. PMID- 6211104 TI - Contractile behavior of rat myocardium after reversal of hypertensive hypertrophy. AB - The effects of renovascular hypertension and its reversal on the contractile performance of papillary muscles from rats has been examined. Hypertension of 10 wk duration caused a 48% increase in heart weight and significant prolongations of isometric time to peak tension (TPT), time to half relaxation, and time to peak shortening (TPS). A significant depression in the velocity of shortening was observed in the 10-wk group. However, muscles from hypertensive rats were still able to maintain normal levels of peak isometric developed tension and peak shortening; this may be due to the observed prolongation of TPT and TPS, respectively. In addition, calcium-activated actomyosin ATPase activity was depressed in hearts of hypertensive animals. Reversal of hypertension was studied at 20 wk after the onset of hypertension (10 wk of hypertension followed by 10 wk of normotension). Contractile and biochemical alterations observed in hypertensive animals were reversed in rats undergoing this regime. Thus reversal of a gradually applied pressure overload resulted in the regression of mechanical and biochemical abnormalities associated with the pressure overload myocardial hypertrophy. PMID- 6211105 TI - Substrate metabolism in seasonally acclimatized American goldfinches. AB - Concentration of ([Glc]) and turnover (Ro) of plasma glucose, concentration of free fatty acids in plasma ([FFA]), and concentration of glycogen in muscle and liver were measured in freshly captured summer- and winter-acclimatized American goldfinches (Carduelis tristis). These birds were acutely exposed to one of three thermal regimes: 1) "thermoneutral," 30 degrees C in air, 2) "cold," -15 degrees C in air, and 3) "severe cold," 0 degrees C in 79% He and 21% O2. Additionally, the activities of citrate synthase (CS), phosphofructokinase (PFK), and beta hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase (HOAD) were measured in pectoralis and leg muscles of winter and summer birds. Ro for goldfinches at 30 degrees C is unchanged between winter and summer, whereas it is 25% lower at -15 degrees C in winter than in summer birds, even though rates of heat production are similar. Additionally, winter animals depleted muscle glycogen at slower rates than summer individuals when exposed to "cold" or "severe cold." [Glc] and [FFA] for each test regime did not vary between seasons. The activity of the beta-oxidative enzyme HOAD is the pectoralis muscle (the main thermogenic tissue) increases by 50% from summer to winter, but the activities of PFK and CS remain essentially constant. We conclude that the ability to restrict carbohydrate use under cold stress is a component of the winter acclimatization process in the American goldfinch. One mechanism which might foster this ability in the increase in beta oxidative capacity of the flight muscles, permitting a greater reliance on fatty acids by winter animals during cold-induced thermogenesis. PMID- 6211106 TI - Mitogenic activity of extracts from continuous cultures of Plasmodium falciparum. AB - Studies were initiated to determine whether or not transformation of lymphocytes isolated from individuals functionally immune to malaria would be a useful tool for the identification of protective antigens derived from continuous cultures of Plasmodium falciparum. Soluble antigen preparations stimulated lymphoproliferative responses in cells isolated from immune and nonimmune individuals. To rule out the possibility that those nonspecific responses were mixed lymphocyte reactions or other, undefined stimuli due to the heterologous nature of the lymphocyte culture system, subsequent experiments were conducted using extracts from parasites cultured in erythrocytes obtained from the same donors whose lymphocytes were tested. Soluble parasite extracts from continuously cultured P. falciparum produce nonspecific lymphocyte blast transformation responses in immunologically naive individuals. Such mitogens should be identified and removed from antigen preparations before a vaccine against malaria can be developed. PMID- 6211107 TI - [Hormonal parameters of the transport of minute particles from uterus to abdominal cavity along the uterine tubes]. PMID- 6211108 TI - Safety check procedures to eliminate faults in anaesthetic machines. AB - The potential defects in anaesthetic machines are reviewed and methods of detecting these defects are described. A logical checking procedure is presented together with a short procedure which could be used in emergency circumstances. It is suggested that these procedures are used in all anaesthetic training and practice. PMID- 6211109 TI - A potential hazard of oxygen flowmeters. PMID- 6211110 TI - Why routinely pretreat? PMID- 6211111 TI - Anesthetic management of the pediatric patient with multiple congenital anomalies including severe hemifacial hypertrophy. AB - An anesthesia induction technique not widely utilized is described for a pediatric patient presenting with severe hemifacial hypertrophy, severe mental retardation, as well as a seizure disorder and other congenital anomalies. The anatomically and/or pathologically altered airway as well as other anomalies increase the risks of anesthesia. PMID- 6211112 TI - [Seasonal rhythm of the discharge of Dictyocaulus viviparus, Varestrongylus sagittatus and Elaphostrongylus cervi larvae from the red deer (Cervus elaphus)]. AB - The discharging of the first larvae of Distyocaulus viviparus, Varestrongylus sagittatus and Elaphostrongylus cervi is regulated by a seasonal rhythm. This rhythm was studied in a deer population of 150 +/- 10 animals over a period of 4 years. The maximum discharges of D. viviparus are in May and June and those of the 2 other species are in the time from February to April. Very good results of treatment were achieved with 3 X 7.5 mg and 5 X 3 mg Fenbendazole/kg live weight against D. viviparus and E. cervi. A dose of 5 X 3 mg Fenbendazole proved to have quite a good effect against V. sagittatus. The most favourable time of treatment is late November or early December. PMID- 6211113 TI - Computer-aided emergency telecommunications for the deaf. AB - Computer-aided telecommunications provide deaf teletypewriter users with 24-hour toll-free access to emergency services. An interface and software link the deaf caller's teletypewriter (TDD) with a microprocessor by reducing and inverting voltage levels between the two devices. This system facilitates rapid transmission of linguistically controlled triage questions to meet the communication needs of deaf patients. PMID- 6211115 TI - [Cerebral arteriovenous malformation (author's transl)]. AB - Three cases of congenital cerebral arteriovenous malformation are presented. They all developed congestive heart failure in the first day of life. The main clinical findings were a continuous murmur heard over the scalp, an ejection murmur at the upper left sternal border, gallop rhythm, cardiomegaly and hepatomegaly. Diagnosis was confirmed in all by carotideal arterography. Two had aneurysm of the vena cerebri interna Galeni and in the other, the aneurysm was localized in the area irrigated by the sylvian artery. The two former died after surgery was considered not feasible. The latter had his malformation resected. Two years after operation he is doing well. PMID- 6211114 TI - Anastomotic false aneurysms: a comparison of braided Dacron and polypropylene sutures. AB - False aneurysms continue to be a problem in vascular surgery and recently polypropylene suture has been incriminated as a major cause. In the last five years, 950 aortofemoral-popliteal reconstructive procedures were performed at our institution. Of these cases, there were 23 patients with anastomotic false aneurysms. We have reviewed this experience with special focus on suture material. In the 23 cases reviewed, there were a total of 29 false aneurysms. The average time interval from operation to clinical presentation of the false aneurysm was five years. Eighty per cent of the aneurysms were at the femoral site. The anastomoses were all end-to-side, and in 93 per cent the graft material was Dacron. The suture material that was used was divided equally between dacron and polypropylene. Aneurysms were blamed on broken suture in only one instance (silk). In 24 aneurysms where the graft had pulled away from the artery, the suture (10 polypropylene, nine Dacron, and two unknown) was noted to be intact. The suture line was not mentioned in one polypropylene and three Dacron related aneurysms. Retrospective review of these 29 false aneurysms leads us to the conclusion that there is no difference between polypropylene and braided Dacron as a factor in the formation of anastomotic false aneurysms in the period studied. PMID- 6211116 TI - [Idiopathic arterial calcification in infancy. A literature review and presentation of one case (author's transl)]. AB - A 26 days old male newborn, developing cardiac insufficiency followed by death, is reported. Necropsy revealed broadly spread calcifications with severe affectation to the coronary arteries. No justifying cause to those calcifications was found. Literature is reviewed, and the current state of knowledge of this uncommon disease's etiology and pathogeny is questioned. PMID- 6211117 TI - [Shunt nephritis (author's transl)]. AB - Five patients aged 1.1 - 4.3 years, affected by nephritis secondary to infection of ventriculo-atrial shunt are presented. The time lag between the occurrence of shunt infection and diagnosis of nephropathy varied from 1 to 12 months. In four patients "Staphylococcus epidermidis" was isolated from blood and CSF cultures, and "Staphylococcus aureus" in another one. Renal lesion presented as hematuria and proteinuria, and two patients developed a nephrotic syndrome. Hypertension was present in three patients. C'2 and D'4 hypocomplementemia was a constant feature in the acute stage of the disease. Endocapillary glomerulonephritis was observed in three patients and endo-extracapillary glomerulonephritis in one (70% of crescent formations). After shunt removal and antibiotic administration a favorable clinical course was followed in three patients, with remission of nephropathy signs. The fifth patient (non biopsied) died in the course of a septic process, having kept until then a good renal function. PMID- 6211118 TI - Characterization of the phage lambda regulatory protein cII. PMID- 6211119 TI - Antitermination of transcription by the N-gene protein of bacteriophage lambda: recent progress and remaining problems. AB - The N-gene protein of bacteriophage lambda recognizes sequences called nut in the lambda early operons and acts to prevent termination of the transcription of these operons. Part of the mechanism of action of N protein involves binding to the nusA protein of Escherichia coli, a transcription termination factor which associates directly with RNA polymerase. It is likely that N protein forms a ternary complex with the nusA protein and RNA polymerase at the nut site. Evidence is presented that translating ribosomes are not involved in N-protein action. It is still not known how RNA polymerase is modified to become termination-resistent as a result of N protein action. PMID- 6211120 TI - Isoenzyme patterns of pathogenic and non-pathogenic Naegleria spp. using agarose isoelectric focusing. AB - Using agarose isoelectric focusing, the isoenzyme patterns of 7 different enzymes were compared in 52 Naegleria strains. The pathogenic N. fowleri was found the most homogeneous species. N. lovaniensis seems to be constituted of different types which form nevertheless a cohesive group. Within N. gruberi, large interstrain band variations were found in almost all enzyme systems. A re examination of the taxonomic position of this species may therefore be taken into consideration. High temperature strains from Australia were confirmed to be different from N. lovaniensis. Members of a new pathogenic Naegleria sp., N. australiensis, seem to occur in Europe. Large thermophilic strains with many large pores in the cysts show identical zymograms and may constitute a new species or genus. PMID- 6211121 TI - [Radionuclide assessment of skeletal growth and maturation (160 bone scans in patients aged 0 to 21 years) (author's transl)]. PMID- 6211122 TI - Diagnosis and prognosis in compensation claims. AB - Psychiatric syndromes following compensable injury are not unusual in surgical practice. All such patients show exaggeration of their symptoms; compensation neurosis and malingering in particular are difficult to separate clinically. The signs and symptoms are reviewed. The prognosis has been assessed in 52 cases of compensation neurosis/malingering; remission of symptoms was usual except for spinal injuries, but return to previous occupation was not common and, despite the triviality of 70% of the injuries, 73% of the patients were off work for more than 6 months. The factors affecting prognosis are discussed, but the effect of legal settlement of claims could not be assessed accurately. PMID- 6211123 TI - Major internal parasites interfering with cattle production in France, and experiments to control them by strategic treatments. A bibliographic review. AB - A summary of the cattle management systems and statistics in France is presented as a framework to examine the recently published results on the major internal parasites of cattle in France from numeric data on naturally infested animals. From these results the major or constant parasites are Fasciola, Dictyocaulus, Ostertagia and Cooperia; occasional but important parasites are Nematodirus, Neoascaris, Eimeria, OEsophagostomum and Cysticercus bovis. Pathology results focus on disease given by the most common nematode : Ostertagiasis. For prevention and control of infestations in farm practice with typical management procedures, results are presented in dairy cattle (Brittany and Normandy), and in beef cattle (Limousin). PMID- 6211124 TI - t(21q21q)/r[t(21q21q)] mosaic in two unrelated patients with mild stigmata of Down's syndrome. AB - Two cases of t(21q21q)/r[t(21q21q)] mosaic in unrelated infants, 17 and 14 months old respectively are reported. The proportion of cells with the ring chromosome was 45% in the former, 80% in the latter. Both cases had mild manifestations of the Down's syndrome. The origin of this unusual mosaicism as well as the significance of the difference in the proportions of the ring chromosome in the two have been discussed. PMID- 6211125 TI - Further genetic heterogeneity of human red cell phosphoglucomutase-1: a mon electrophoretic polymorphism. AB - The electrophoretic patterns of human red cell phosphoglucomutase (PGM) were determined by standard starch-gel electrophoresis on two aliquots of haemolysate, one of which was previously heat-treated. Samples from 67 families and 417 unrelated healthy subjects were examined. Heat denaturation studies combined with electrophoresis showed a greater heterogeneity of phosphoglucomutase-1 (PGM1) isozymes than that revealed by electrophoresis alone. Both PGM11 and the PGM21 isozymes turned out to be either heat-resistant (tr) or heat-sensitive (ts) and this new phenotypic property segregated along with the electrophoretic allele with which it was originally associated. Comparison of red cell PGM1 patterns of 217 PGM21-1 heterozygous individuals, analysed both as described in this paper and by acid starch-gel electrophoresis, which also distinguishes two common PGM11 (PGM1S1 and PGM1f1) and two common PGM12 (PGM2S1 and PGM2F1) allelic products, has shown that the two sets of four alleles do not coincide. Thus eight different PGM1 alleles were identified. The PGM1Str1, PGM1Sts1, PGM1Ftr1, PGM1FTSts1, PGM2Str1, PGM2Sts1, PGM2Ftr1 and PGM2Fts1 gene frequencies were estimated as 0 . 523, 0 . 066, 0 . 099, 0 . 029, 0 . 224, 0 . 012, 0 . 043, 0 . 004, respectively. Three polymorphic sites are hypothesized within the PGM1 structural gene and the observed frequencies of the eight alleles discussed in terms of 'disequilibrium' among these sites. This is the second example of a human enzyme isoelectrophoretic polymorphism revealed by research specifically aimed at detecting electrophoretically cryptic genetic variations. The technique used in this study appears to offer a reliable means of detecting isoelectrophoretic variants for proteins already known to be electrophoretically polymorphic. PMID- 6211127 TI - The origin of human trisomy: a study of heteromorphisms and satellite associations. AB - The origin of the additional chromosome was studied in 45 trisomic-21 Down syndrome patients. In 17 patients the additional chromosome was maternal, in 2 it was paternal and in the remaining 26 the parental origin could not be determined. Acrocentric chromosome association was studied in parents of Down-syndrome offspring and in parents of spontaneous abortions that were trisomic for an acrocentric chromosome. Parents of trisomic 16 abortuses and parents of triploid and chromosomally normal abortuses were used as controls. No increased association index was found for the specific acrocentric chromosome involved in the trisomy, either for the liveborn or for the aborted trisomics. However, the overall association index of the parent in whom the non-disjunctional event leading to the acrocentric trisomy occurred was increased by comparison with that of the parent in whom non-disjunction did not occur and with that of the controls. The reasons why we consider satellite associations to play an insignificant role in the aetiology of non-disjunction are discussed. PMID- 6211126 TI - Cytogenetic recognition of chromosomal duplication [dup(1)(p31.4 leads to p22.1)] and the detection of three different alleles at the PGM1 locus. PMID- 6211128 TI - A life table for onset of Huntington's chorea. AB - Accurate quantitative assessment of risk in Huntington's chorea necessitates unbiased estimation of the distribution of age at onset. Previous studies have quoted the mean observed age at onset but this is biased, containing on contribution from heterozygotes who have not manifested, which takes due account of such censored heterozygotes; it demonstrates a considerably older median age onset than hitherto been reported. PMID- 6211129 TI - Factors influencing age at onset and duration of survival in Huntington's chorea. PMID- 6211130 TI - Neocarzinostatin in cancer chemotherapy (review). AB - This article describes previous studies on a unique protein antitumor antibiotic, neocarzinostatin. Namely, its chemical nature, mode of action at molecular and cellular levels, toxicity and pharmacology, and recent results in clinical trials obtained primarily in Japan have been reviewed briefly. PMID- 6211131 TI - Hazards and adverse effects of lithium. PMID- 6211132 TI - The biology of thrombosis. PMID- 6211133 TI - Clinical evaluation of piperacillin with observations on penetrability into cerebrospinal fluid. AB - Piperacillin, a new semisynthetic penicillin, was evaluated for efficacy and safety in 26 patients, most of whom had pneumonia. Included were four patients with gram-negative meningitis in whom the penetration of piperacillin into cerebrospinal fluid was determined. Cure was achieved in 11 of 17 patients with pneumonia; another 4 were improved. One relapse and one failure occurred among nine patients with gram-negative pneumonia. Cure or improvement occurred in seven of nine patients with gram-negative infection in various extrapulmonary sites. Piperacillin given by continuous infusion in a dosage ranging from 324 to 436 mg/kg of body weight per day to four patients with meningitis resulted in a mean cerebrospinal fluid level of 23 micrograms/ml at 24 h; the mean penetration of piperacillin into the cerebrospinal fluid was 32% at this interval. Levels of piperacillin in cerebrospinal fluid collected later during the course of therapy were also adequate. Adverse effects were noted in six patients, but only one episode of granulocytopenia was serious. Emergence of resistance to piperacillin did not occur, and only one superinfection was noted. Piperacillin appeared to be efficacious in the treatment of pneumonia. It penetrated well into the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with meningitis and may be useful for treatment of selected gram-negative infections in extrapulmonary sites. PMID- 6211134 TI - Cefsulodin: antibacterial activity and tentative interpretive zone standards for the disk susceptibility test. AB - Cefsulodin (SCE-129) is a cephalosporin with a spectrum of antibacterial activity largely limited to Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. Cefsulodin was compared with carbenicillin, ticarcillin, mezlocillin, and piperacillin against 779 nonenteric gram-negative bacilli and staphylococci collected from five geographically separate institutions. Against P. aeruginosa, cefsulodin was somewhat more active than piperacillin and much more active than other penicillins. In addition, cefsulodin was active against penicillinase-producing strains of S. aureus. Collaborative efforts in three laboratories led to the following tentative zone size breakpoints for 30-micrograms cefsulodin disks: susceptible greater than or equal to 18 mm (minimal inhibitory concentration) [MIC] less than or equal to 16 micrograms/ml) and resistant less than or equal to 14 mm (MIC greater than or equal to 64 micrograms/ml). These zone standards are still tentative since the dosage schedule has not yet been defined and sufficient clinical experience has not yet been gathered to support the validity of these MIC breakpoints. PMID- 6211135 TI - Effect of probenecid on the pharmacokinetics of moxalactam. AB - The effects of probenecid on the pharmacokinetics of moxalactam were studied in normal volunteers administered a 2-min l-g intravenous infusion. The results showed that probenecid did not alter the plasma or urinary concentrations of moxalactam, its apparent volume of distribution, plasma elimination half-life, elimination rate constant, or plasma and renal clearances. Therefore, moxalactam appears to be eliminated primarily by the kidney via glomerular filtration. PMID- 6211136 TI - Moxalactam penetration into cerebrospinal fluid in patients with bacterial meningitis. AB - Penetration of moxalactam into the cerebrospinal fluid was studied in 11 patients with bacterial meningitis undergoing treatment with other antibiotics. Moxalactam at a dose of 20 mg/kg was administered as three 30- to 45- min infusions at 8-h intervals, once between days 2 and 4 and a second time between days 11 and 20 of treatment with the other antibiotics. Serum and cerebrospinal fluid were sampled 60, 90, or 120 min after the third moxalactam dose for measurement of the concentration of this drug by high-performance liquid chromatography. The concentration of moxalactam in cerebrospinal fluid ranged from 1.5 to 11 micrograms/ml, depending on the sampling time and the time elapsed since the onset of the disease. These concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid were equal to or higher than the minimum inhibitor concentrations for Neisseria meningitidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae (including ampicillin-resistant strains), and most of the gram-negative bacilli except for Pseudomonas aeruginosa. These results show that moxalactam has good penetrability when the meninges are inflamed and that it might be considered in cases of bacterial meningitis when the susceptibility of the pathogen indicates its usefulness. PMID- 6211137 TI - Clinical experience with Moxalactam in the treatment of pseudomonal and nonpseudomonal infections. AB - A total of 38 patients with 39 infections involving a variety of organ systems were treated with moxalactam. The overall cure rate was 79.5%. Most of the failures occurred in patients with severe underlying disease such as peripheral vascular disease. The cure rate for infections with Pseudomonas aeruginosa was 62.5% (10 of 16) and for nonpseudomonal infections was 91% (21 of 23). However, excluding the six infections involving organisms which were initially resistant to moxalactam, the cure rate for pseudomonal infections was 77% (10 of 13) compared with 90% (18 of 20) for nonpseudomonal infections. Two patients with gram-negative bacillary meningitis were cured, as were seven of eight with mixed aerobic-anaerobic infections. There were no serious adverse drug effects. Three patients became colonized with the enterococcus and two became colonized with Candida albicans; one other patient developed candida vaginitis. These results suggest that moxalactam will be a valuable drug in therapy of gram-negative bacillary and anaerobic infections. PMID- 6211138 TI - Comparative penetration of metronidazole, clindamycin, chloramphenicol, cefoxitin, ticarcillin, and moxalactam into bone. AB - The concentrations of metronidazole, clindamycin, chloramphenicol, cefoxitin, ticarcillin, and moxalactam in the serum, femurs, and scapulae of normal rats were measured microbiologically 0.5, 1, 1, and 4 h after intravenous injection of 15-, 15-, 20-, 40-, 75-, and 30-mg/kg doses of the respective drugs. By 0.5 h metronidazole reached levels of 3.0 micrograms/g in compact femoral bone and 2.7 micrograms/g in cancellous scapular bone. Clindamycin and chloramphenicol reached levels of 8.1 and 6.1 micrograms/g, respectively, at 0.5 h. Cefoxitin penetrated bone to a level of 2.6 micrograms/g, whereas ticarcillin and moxalactam failed to reach significant levels in bone after single intravenous doses. PMID- 6211139 TI - In vitro antibacterial activity of norfloxacin (MK-0366). AB - The in vitro activity of norfloxacin (MK-0366) compared with that of beta-lactam antibiotics and, where appropriate of gentamicin or metronidazole was assessed against recent clinical isolates of common bacteria. The compound was highly active against most enterobacteria (minimal inhibitory concentrations [MICs], 0.008 to 32 micrograms/ml; 90% inhibited by 0.25 micrograms/ml), Haemophilus influenzae (MICs, 0.03 to 0.12 micrograms/ml), and Neisseria gonorrhoeae (MICs, 0.008 to 0.016 micrograms/ml). It was also active against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MICs, 0.12 to 2 micrograms/ml), most other pseudomonads (MICs, 0.03 to 32 micrograms/ml), and Acinetobacter calcoaceticus (MICs 0.06 to 4 micrograms/ml). Norfloxacin was somewhat less active against staphylococci (MICs, 0.25 to 4 micrograms/ml; 1 microgram/ml required to inhibit 50% of isolates) and streptococci (MICs, 0.5 to 64 micrograms/ml). Members of the Bacteroides fragilis group of anaerobes were relatively resistant to norfloxacin (MICs, 8 to 128 micrograms/ml), as were most other anaerobes. PMID- 6211140 TI - Moxalactam in the therapy of serious infections. AB - Sixty-seven patients were treated with moxalactam in a noncomparative trial of hospitalized patients; 32 had endometritis or chorioamnionitis, 12 had skin and soft tissue infections, 5 had osteomyelitis, 5 had pneumonia, 5 had urinary tract infections, 4 had arthritis, 2 had sepsis from an unknown source, 1 had endocarditis, and 1 had peritonitis. Bacteremia was present in 12 of these patients. Patients were given 3 to 12 g of moxalactam per day (mean, 6.24 g/day) in divided doses every 6 to 8 h. Seven patients were given intramuscular treatment for 3 to 20 days for part or all of their therapy. The rest were given intravenous treatment exclusively. Treatment was continued for 2 to 42 days (mean, 10 days). The dose and the duration of therapy were determined by the type of infection and the response of each patient. There were four treatment failures and one enterococcal-clostridial superinfection. Moxalactam was well tolerated. Allergic reactions led to the discontinuation of the antibiotic in three patients. Prolonged prothrombin and partial thromboplastin times were observed in 2 of 11 patients tested; in both instances in patients had severe underlying diseases, including malnutrition and alcoholism. Pain on intramuscular injection was noted in two patients receiving 1,500 mg, but not in five receiving a lower dose; in one case the pain forced the use of intravenous therapy after one dose, and in the other case the pain was mild and the patient was treated for 20 days. We concluded that moxalactam was effective in the treatment of the types of infections included in this study and produced few adverse reactions. PMID- 6211141 TI - High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of piperacillin in plasma. AB - A high-performance liquid chromatographic method has been developed for the quantitative determination of piperacillin in plasma. The compound is first extracted from acid-treated plasma into chloroform: 1-pentanol (3:1) and reextracted into a small volume of an aqueous phase at pH 7, which is injected in the chromatographic column (microgram-Bondapack C18; 10 micrometers). The mobile phase is a mixture of 0.01 M acetate buffer (pH 4.8) and methanol. The method is accurate and reproducible with a sensitivity of about 50 ng of piperacillin per ml of serum. PMID- 6211142 TI - In vitro activity of MK-0366 against clinical urinary pathogens including gentamicin-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. AB - MK-0366, a new derivative of nalidixic acid, was tested against 250 urinary pathogens including Escherichia coli, Serratia marcescens, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This new agent was more active than any of the other antibiotics tested, which included carbenicillin, ampicillin, cephalexin, tetracycline, trimethoprim, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and nalidixic acid. Gentamicin resistant P. aeruginosa were highly sensitive to MK-0366, with a 90% minimal inhibitory concentration of 0.8 microgram/ml. Serratia strains were the most resistant organisms, with a 90% minimal inhibitory concentration of 3.1 micrograms/ml. These results suggest that clinical trials should be designed to investigate the clinical usefulness of this new drug in urinary infections. PMID- 6211143 TI - Comparative in vitro activities of N-formimidoyl thienamycin and moxalactam against nonfermentative aerobic gram-negative rods. AB - N-Formimidoyl thienamycin was the most active drug against strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa with a 90% minimum inhibitory concentration of 1.25 mug/ml. With the exception of P. maltophilia, thienamycin was as active or more active than moxalactam against other species of pseudomonads and against other genera of nonfermenters. PMID- 6211144 TI - Sequential utilization of mixed monosaccharides by yeasts. AB - Four yeasts (Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Schizosaccharomyces pombe, Candida utilus, and Rhodotorula toruloides) were tested for their ability to grow and consume D glucose, D-xylose, D-xylulose, and D-xylitol. Sequential utilization of substrates was observed when D-glucose as mixed with D-xylulose as the carbon source. Catabolite inhibition was tentatively concluded to be responsible for this regulatory mechanism. D-Glucose was also found to inhibit the utilization of D-xylose and D-xylitol in C. utilus and R. toruloides. D-Xylose, D-xylitol, and D xylulose were consumed simultaneously by R. toruloides and C. utilus. PMID- 6211145 TI - Flagellar adenosine triphosphatases from annelid spermatozoa: electrophoretic identification of dyneins. PMID- 6211146 TI - Leukocytoclastic vasculitis. A cutaneous expression of immune complex disease. AB - Thirty-nine patients with clinical, histologic, and immunofluorescence evidence of leukocytoclastic (necrotizing) vasculitis were studied for the presence of circulating immune complexes. These patients were selected prospectively during a three-year interval from patients seen in a dermatology clinic. Clinical and serologic data are summarized and representative cases are presented. This large series of patients with leukocytoclastic vasculitis emphasizes both the frequency of this disorder and the varied disease settings within which it may manifest. The immunopathologic data presented support an immune complex-mediated pathogenesis for this disease process. PMID- 6211147 TI - Patch tests with killed sonicated microflora in patients with psoriasis. AB - Heat-killed sonicated suspensions of malassezia ovalis and Staphylococcus epidermidis were applied to the intact volar surface of the forearm of ten patients with psoriasis and ten control subjects. All ten of the patients with psoriasis reacted to M ovalis, and four patients reacted to S epidermidis. Two of the control subjects responded to M ovalis, and none responded to S epidermidis. Lesions that both clinically and histologically were consistent with those of psoriasis developed in the patients with psoriasis. PMID- 6211148 TI - Epidermoid cysts with seborrheic verruca-like cyst walls. PMID- 6211149 TI - Acne vulgaris--a disease treatable by the paediatrician. PMID- 6211152 TI - Exfoliative dermatitis during cefoxitin therapy. AB - An 84-year-old man was admitted to the hospital with a diabetic foot ulcer and osteomyelitis of the calcaneum. While being treated with cefoxitin sodium, he experienced generalized exfoliative dermatitis, which subsided on discontinuation of therapy. To our knowledge, this is the first report of exfoliative dermatitis with a cephalosporin or related drug. PMID- 6211151 TI - Axillofemoral bypass: a ten-year review. AB - During a ten-year period (1969-1980), 106 grafts were implanted in the axillofemoral and axillobifemoral positions. This retrospective study is based on life table analysis of cumulative patency rates in both axillofemoral and axillobifemoral grafts, with and without thrombectomy. Dacron grafts were used exclusively from 1969 to 1979, and PTFE from 1979 to 1980. Cumulative patency for Dacron axillobifemoral grafts was 97 +/- 3% at 32 months (73 +/- 21% at 42 months). Patency in both unilateral and bifemoral grafts was significantly increased by thrombectomy. Dacron and PTFE axillobifemoral graft patency was not significantly different. Perioperative mortality was 8% in a group of patients whose survival rate at four years was only 50 +/- 10% from associated disease. Axillobifemoral grafting presents an alternative to aortoiliac reconstruction in elderly patients with severe associated disease in whom the risk of anatomic bypass is prohibitive. PMID- 6211150 TI - Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty as an adjunct to the surgical management of peripheral vascular disease. AB - Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) was performed as an adjunct to an operation in 43 patients with peripheral arterial insufficiency. This represents 26% of patients undergoing PTA over the past 44 months. In 23 patients PTA was done in conjunction with planned vascular reconstruction. It was successful in all 23 patients, and patency of the vascular graft was maintained in 22 patients during a mean follow-up period of nine months. Fourteen patients had PTA after operation. It was successful in 13 of them, and vascular patency was maintained in all 13 during a mean follow-up period of four months. Six patients had PTA prior to a distal amputation or a skin graft. All healed promptly. The overall initial success rate of PTA was 98%, the complication rate was 2%, with a late failure rate of 2%. It is concluded that PTA is a valuable adjunct to vascular surgery to improve inflow or outflow for bypass grafts, to reduce the extent of the operation in poor risk patients, to facilitate the healing of distal amputations, and to manage late graft stenosis. PMID- 6211153 TI - Gram-negative bacillary meningitis. New therapy and changing concepts. AB - Because the CSF is deficient in opsonic and phagocytic activity, optimal therapy for meningitis mandates the use of antibiotics that are bactericidal at achievable CSF concentrations. This therapeutic principles is satisfied for the common meningeal pathogens (Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Neisseria meningitidis) but is not readily achieved for the pathogens causing Gram-negative bacillary meningitis (GNBM), such as Klebsiella and Escherichia coli. The antibiotics used to treat GNBM, chloramphenicol and aminoglycosides, are not bactericidal against enteric pathogens at achievable CSF levels. Two new beta-lactam antibiotics, moxalactam disodium and cefotaxime sodium, are suitable agents for the treatment of GNBM. These antibiotics possess potent bactericidal activity against most enteric pathogens and achieve high levels in the CSF (15 to 35 micrograms/mL for moxalactam disodium and 2 to 10 micrograms/mL for cefotaxime sodium). Recent clinical studies document an 85% cure rate when these agents are used to treat GNBM. PMID- 6211154 TI - [Evaluation of the therapeutic effect of bronchodilator drugs administered as aerosols]. PMID- 6211155 TI - The world's response to disability: evolution of a philosophy. PMID- 6211156 TI - Emergency signaling for a person with quadriplegia and extraordinary respiratory risk. AB - Individuals without extremity function and rectus abdominis control are at increased risk for respiratory obstruction, arrest and loss of ability to call for assistance. To assist distressed patients, a simple and reliable head controlled signaling mechanism was designed for electric wheelchair use. Components are available in most communities. By using the device patients increase the response rate to their calls for help, and improve their sense of confidence and safety. The simplicity of the idea may serve to encourage staff to be likewise creative in solving other problems. PMID- 6211157 TI - Insurance reimbursement mechanisms for rehabilitation equipment and environmental modifications. AB - Third party payment mechanisms are reviewed from the viewpoint of one commercial insurer. Attention is focused upon insurance coverage for rehabilitation equipment, environmental modifications, orthotics, prosthetics, and durable medical equipment. Numerous variables influence coverage decisions. Typical examples, unique in rehabilitation literature, illustrate situations related to the major types of insurance (Group Health, Miscellaneous Lines, Workers' Compensation, and Reinsurance). The importance of the rights of disabled persons and the impact of national financial estimates are discussed. Consideration is given to several approaches which might improve the benefits available. Techniques to cope with the system include prompt communication, accurate correspondence, and employer policyholder awareness. PMID- 6211158 TI - The effect of cervical and vestibular reflexes on eye movements in Huntington's chorea. AB - In 8 patients with manifest Huntington's Chorea vestibulo-ocular (VOR) and cervico-ocular (COR) reflexes were compared with eye movements during active head turnings. Seated patients were stimulated with their eyes closed by sinusoidal swings around the vertical axis at frequencies of 0.05, 0.1 and 0.2s-1 with amplitudes of 20, 40 and 60 degrees. 1) With all stimuli and in all patients a weak nystagmus was elicited in the direction of head movements, superimposed on larger slow eye deviations. 2) The averaged total saccadic amplitudes were smaller than in normals, increased with stimulus amplitudes and were smallest for COR, followed by VOR and active head movements. 3) The gain (peak velocity of slow phase of nystagmus to peak stimulus velocity) was only slightly below norm values and decreased with increasing stimulus frequency and amplitude. 4) The peak amplitudes of average slow eye deviations increased with stimulus amplitudes. In VOR they were comparable to norm values but were below them during COR and active head movements. 5) In normal subjects these slow eye deviations were compensatory to head movements in VOR but anticompensatory in COR and during active head movements. In choreic patients during COR and more often during active head movements these slow eye movements were compensatory for the head turning. PMID- 6211159 TI - Exposure and reconstruction in the lower portions of the retroperitoneum and abdominal wall. PMID- 6211160 TI - [T cell function in patients with Behcet's disease (author's transl]. PMID- 6211161 TI - [In vitro effects of betamethasone on peripheral blood mononuclear cell function: effects of betamethasone on concanavalin A-induced suppressor cell function (author's transl)]. PMID- 6211162 TI - [Lymphocyte subpopulations responsible for defective autologous mixed lymphocyte reactions in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: analysis of lymphocytes obtained from three sets of identical twins and the family members (author's transl)]. PMID- 6211163 TI - [Immunomodulating activity of methyl-B12 for the in vitro human T cell functions (author's transl)]. PMID- 6211164 TI - [Determination of epidermal G2-chalone in epidermal-type tissues]. AB - By means of monospecific immune serum, using the indirect method by Coons, the epidermal G2-chalone was revealed in the corneal epithelium, in the transitory epithelium of the urinary bladder, renal pelvis, as well as in stromal epithelial cells of the cortical substance and in thymic bodies, the facts that suggest epithelial nature of these tissues. In tracheal epithelium the method mentioned failed to reveal G2-chalone. Analysing localization of the epidermal G2-chalone in various tissues of the epidermal origin, it has been stated that in the non cornified multistratified flat epithelium it is present in cellular cytoplasm of all layers, while in the cornified epithelium - it is predominantly detected in basal and scupular cells. A suggestion is made that distribution of the intratissue epidermal G2-chalone depends on the process of cornification. A possibility to use G2-chalone as a marker for tissues of the epidermal type is discussed. PMID- 6211165 TI - [In memory of Aleksei Georgievich Knorre]. PMID- 6211166 TI - Where are the wheelchairs? PMID- 6211167 TI - Use of ipratropium bromide in patients with severe airways obstruction. AB - In ten adult patients with severe, partially reversible airflow obstruction due to asthma, with or without co-existent chronic bronchitis, the acute bronchodilator responses of ipratropium bromide (40 micrograms) and terbutaline (500 micrograms) from metered-dose inhalers, atropine methonitrate (2 mg) as a wet aerosol and placebo were compared in a double blind trial. Also the combination of ipratropium bromide and terbutaline aerosols was compared with both ipratropium and terbutaline alone in short-term and long-term studies. In the short-term study, all the drugs produced significant bronchodilatation compared with placebo. The responses to ipratropium bromide and terbutaline alone were not significantly different. The combination of ipratropium bromide with terbutaline did not produce significantly greater changes in the FEV1, SGaw or static lung volume than terbutaline alone. Atropine methonitrate however, produced significantly greater changes of the airway conductance (SGaw) and static lung volumes (TLC and RV) but not FEV1, when compared to ipratropium bromide. When administered over randomised periods of one month each there were no significant differences between the combination of ipratropium bromide and terbutaline and each drug alone in daily airflometer recordings, daily symptom scores or fortnightly spirometry and clinical assessment. It is concluded that ipratropium bromide, in the conventional dose of 40 microgramm by metered-dose inhaler produces safe, effective bronchodilatation. Its effect, however, did not significantly augment that of the beta adrenergic stimulant, terbutaline and was less than that of atropine methonitrate 2 mg by wet aerosol. PMID- 6211168 TI - Experimental splenosis: a comparative study in rats. AB - The growth of the splenic remnant after partial splenectomy and autogenous splenic implants was compared in immature rats. Implants placed in the subcutaneous pouch of the anterior abdominal wall and the retroperitoneal space had none or minimal regeneration. Splenulus formed in the omental wrap were small, multiple and the combined weight was less than the original graft tissue, and more ectopic splenulus and intra-abdominal adhesions were formed. Splenic remnants after three-quarter splenectomy with an intact blood supply grew to 30 46% of the weight of the spleen of the control; and increased in size as the animal matured. PMID- 6211169 TI - Involvement of the endogenous inhibitor protein in the MgATP-induced inhibition of soluble mitochondrial adenosine triphosphatase activity. AB - Chloroform-released ATPase from ox heart mitochondria contains significant amounts of inhibitor protein. There is a correlation between processes that affect the interactions between the inhibitor protein and the ATPase molecule and the ability of MgATP to induce an inhibition of ATPase activity. Evidence is presented suggesting that the endogenous inhibitor protein is involved in the process of MgATP-induced inhibition of soluble ATPase activity. PMID- 6211170 TI - Presence of an atypical thermolabile species of beta-hexosaminidase B in metastatic-tumour tissue of human liver. AB - An atypical thermolabile species of Hex B (hexosaminidase B) has been found in metastatic-tumour sites of human liver which has a thermostability curve similar to that of Hex A (hexosaminidase A), which is present in decreased amounts relative to the Hex A isoenzyme, and which exhibits decreased relative activity at acidic pH values (2.6-3.6) when compared with control-liver Hex B. This atypical Hex B isoenzyme has a normal apparent Michaelis constant (0.6 mM) for 4 methylumbelliferyl 2-deoxy-2-acetamido-beta-D-glucopyranoside. The presence of this atypical Hex B suggests that variant beta-chains are being produced in metastatic-tumour tissue. PMID- 6211172 TI - Postnatal changes in dolichol-pathway enzyme activities in cerebral cortex neurons. AB - Neuronal perikarya were isolated from rat cerebral cortex at different stages of postnatal development. Membranes sedimenting at 100000 g were obtained from these neurons to study several glycosyltransferases of the dolichol pathway. Enzyme activities from stages before and during synapse formation were compared (days 5 and 15 respectively). Dolichyl diphosphate (Dol-P-P) N-acetylglucosamine, dolichyl phosphate mannose and dolichyl phosphate glucose synthases and the enzymes catalysing Dol-P-P-GlcNAc2Man9Glc3 formation were higher at day 15 of postnatal development. The glycosyl transfer of the latter compound to endogenous protein(s) as well as to a dinitrophenyl-heptapeptide was also measured. The activity was higher at day 15. Furthermore, the activity of dolichyl phosphate mannose synthase was also measured during the time when the number of synapses ceased to increase (day 36) and in the adult stage. The activity of dolichyl phosphate mannose synthase was higher at day 36 than at day 15, and declined in the adult stage. From these results it may be concluded that there is an increase in the glycosylation of asparagine-type glycoproteins during synapse formation in the neurons of the cerebral cortex. PMID- 6211171 TI - Kinetic mechanism of mitochondrial adenosine triphosphatase. Inhibition by azide and activation by sulphite. AB - 1. The initial rapid phase of ATP hydrolysis by bovine heart submitochondrial particles or by soluble F1-ATPase is insensitive to anion activation (sulphite) or inhibition (azide). 2. The second slow phase of ATP hydrolysis is hyperbolically inhibited by azide (Ki approximately 10(-5) M); the inosine triphosphatase activity of submitochondrial particles or F1-ATPase is insensitive to azide or sulphite. 3. The rate of interconversion between rapid azide insensitive and slow azide-sensitive phases of ATP hydrolysis does not depend on azide concentration, but strongly depends on ATP concentration. 4. Sulphite prevents the interconversion of the rapid initial phase of the reaction into the slower second phase, and also prevents and slowly reverses the inhibition by azide. 5. The presence of sulphite in the mixture when ADP reacts with ATPase of submitochondrial particles changes the pattern of the following activation process. 6. Azide blocks the activation of ATP-inhibited ATPase of submitochondrial particles by phosphoenolpyruvate and pyruvate kinase. 7. The results obtained suggest that the inhibiting effect of azide on mitochondrial ATPase is due to stabilization of inactive E*.ADP complex formed during ATP hydrolysis; the activation of ATPase by sulphite is also realized through the equilibrium between intermediate active E.ADP complex and inactive E*.ADP complex. PMID- 6211174 TI - In vitro response of ATPase activities in tissue subcellular particle preparations to a series of mono-unsaturated C18 fatty acids. AB - The positions of the double bond and the cis/trans configurations of six mono unsaturated C18 fatty acids (FA) showed selectivity for inhibition and stimulation of ATPase activities of tissue homogenate fractions. The 13,000 g and 100,000 g sediments (fractions B and C respectively) of tissues homogenates were used as sources of Na+-K+ ATPase and of oligomycin-sensitive (OS) and insensitive (OIS) Mg2+ ATPase activities. Tissue source included bovine brain and rat brain, kidney, heart and liver. Cis mono-unsaturated C18 FA caused an apparent uncoupling of mitochondrial coupling factor F1 (Mg2+ ATPase). This was indicated by the loss of oligomycin and 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2 bis (p-chlorophenyl) ethane (DDT) sensitivity in the presence of 50 microM FA (12-C18:1). Thus, a precipitous decrease in OS-Mg2+ AtPase activity of mitochondria was accompanied by an equally steep increase in OIS-Mg2+ ATPase activity. This was especially apparent in the heart tissue preparation. The uncoupling action of the FA was not observed with the trans mono-unsaturated C18 FA, Na+-K+ ATPase activity from a bovine brain nerve ending particle (B) fraction was also sensitive to 12-C18:1 FA. However, inhibitory response of Na+-K+ ATPase activity were different for OS Mg2+ ATPase activity. The latter (OS) was not sensitive to the trans 12-C18:1, while the former (Na+-K+) was sensitive to both cis and trans forms of 12-C18:1 and inhibition appeared to be dependent on the position of the double bond. PMID- 6211173 TI - Kinetic mechanism of mitochondrial adenosine triphosphatase. ADP-specific inhibition as revealed by the steady-state kinetics. AB - 1. A substantial increase of the initial rate of ATP hydrolysis was observed after preincubation of bovine heart submitochondrial particles with phosphoenolpyruvate and pyruvate kinase. 2. The activation was accompanied by an increase of Vmax, without change of Km for ATP. 3. The activated particles catalysed the biphasic hydrolysis of ATP in the presence of an ATP-regenerating system; the initial rapid phase was followed by a second, slower, phase in a time dependent fashion. 4. The higher the ATP concentration used as a substrate, the higher is the rate of transition between these two phases. 5. The particles catalysed the hydrolysis of ITP with a lag phase; after preincubation with phosphoenolpyruvate and pyruvate kinase, ITP was hydrolysed at a constant rate. 6. Qualitatively the same phenomena were observed when soluble mitochondrial ATPase (F1-ATPase) prepared by the conventional method in the presence of ATP was used as nucleotide triphosphatase. 7. A kinetic scheme is proposed, in which the intermediate active enzyme-product complex (E.ADP) formed during ATP hydrolysis is in slow equilibrium with the inactive E*.ADP complex forming as a result of dislocation of ADP from the active site of ATPase to the other site, which is not in rapid equilibrium with the surrounding medium. PMID- 6211176 TI - Immune functions of human synovial cells. Phenotypic and T cell regulatory properties of macrophage-like cells that express HLA-DR. AB - Normal and rheumatoid synovial cells have been analyzed in frozen sections and in suspension. HLA-DR-expressing, macrophage-like cells are demonstrated in normal synovial intima and in rheumatoid tissue. Suspended normal synoviocytes equaled peripheral blood non-T lymphocytes as stimulators of mixed lymphocyte reactions, whereas adherent rheumatoid synovial cells were extremely efficient as such stimulators and in presenting soluble antigens to autologous T lymphocytes. This HLA-DR-dependent T lymphocyte regulation might provide a cellular basis for the HLA-D haplotype-arthritis associations. PMID- 6211175 TI - Effects of lithium on the activities of phosphofructokinase and phosphoglucomutase and on glucose-1,6-diphosphate levels in rat muscles, brain and liver. AB - Incubation of rat diaphragm muscle in the presence of lithium chloride (a drug used widely in the therapy of patients with mental illness), resulted in a sharp decrease in the level of glucose-1,6-diphosphate (Glc-1,6-P2), the powerful regulator of carbohydrate metabolism. This decrease in Glc-1,6-P2, the most potent activator of phosphofructokinase and phosphoglucomutase, was accompanied by a marked reduction in the activities of both enzymes, when assayed in the absence of exogenous Glc-1,6-P2 under conditions in which these enzymes are sensitive to regulation by endogenous Glc-1,6-P2. A decrease in Glc-1,6-P2 and the concomitant reduction in the activities of phosphofructokinase and phosphoglucomutase, were also obtained in the rat gastrocnemius and tibialis anterior muscles, as well as in brain, following Li+ injection. In contrast to its effects in muscles and brain, Li+ did not exert any effect on Glc-1,6-P2 level and on the enzymes' activities in the liver. The marked inhibition of brain and muscles phosphofructokinase (the rate-limiting enzyme in glycolysis) induced by Li+, may play an important role in the mechanism of the therapeutic action of this agent in the manic state. PMID- 6211177 TI - [Pre-school mortality in the Americas, in the decade from 1970-9. The situation in Cuba]. PMID- 6211178 TI - [Urban rabies: the problem of lesions caused by dog bites]. PMID- 6211179 TI - [Public administration in the health sector for the decade 1980-1990. II. Comparative examination of 3 general paradigms]. PMID- 6211180 TI - The associations acetylcholine-eserine and acetylcholine-morphine studied on the frog rectus abdominis muscle. AB - The interaction of morphine and eserine with acetylcholine (Ach) on frog rectus abdominis muscle was studied. Both eserine and morphine potentiate the effects of exogenous Ach and this effect is certainly not due to the anticholinesterase action of the two drugs. Morphine is less effective than eserine in potentiating the response of the muscle to the Ach introduced in the organ-bath. The synergisms Ach-eserine and Ach-morphine are synergisms with potentiation: it is concluded that eserine and morphine in amphibian muscle interact with specific receptors. These binding sites are different from both the esterase and the ACh binding sites of the cholinergic receptor but appear to influence its function. PMID- 6211181 TI - Modification of the synergism acetylcholine-eserine induced by morphine in amphibian muscle. AB - The modification of the synergism acetylcholine-eserine induced by two different concentrations of morphine (0.2 and 8 microgram/ml) was studied on the frog rectus abdominis muscle. Morphine increases the Ach-potentiating action of low concentrations of eserine (from 3 to 40 ng/ml). On the contrary at higher eserine concentrations (from 0.1 to 1.0 microgram/ml), morphine reduces the potentiation of Ach effects caused by eserine. It is concluded that in amphibian muscle eserine and morphine potentiate the effects of exogenous Ach by acting on the same population of receptors. PMID- 6211182 TI - [A case of Down's syndrome complicated by teratoma of the third ventricle of the brain (author's transl)]. PMID- 6211183 TI - Dental care of children with haemophilia and related conditions. PMID- 6211184 TI - Presystolic mitral closure sound in aortic regurgitation with left ventricular hypertrophy and first degree heart block. AB - We report a patient who developed aortic regurgitation and first degree atrioventricular block caused by infective endocarditis complicating aortic valve stenosis. There was premature closure of the mitral valve and, in the absence of an Austin Flint murmur, a simultaneous high frequency sound was audible which we regard as a presystolic first heart sound. That such a sound may be associated with valve closure, even though this precedes electrical and mechanical ventricular systole, provides further support for the valvular origin of the first heart sound. PMID- 6211185 TI - Electrocardiogram of pure left ventricular hypertrophy and its differentiation from lateral ischaemia. PMID- 6211186 TI - A versatile closed circuit. AB - A versatile closed circuit with new features is described. It may be used in a totally closed manner, without continuous gas inflow. As gas is absorbed from the circuit, it is replaced through a demand valve. Facilities for continuous gas input and use of a ventilator are included, and one control converts it to a non rebreathing circuit. The circuit has excellent mechanical characteristics in all modes, and has been used extensively in routine clinical practice. PMID- 6211187 TI - Mononuclear-cell infiltration in ovarian cancer. III. Suppressor-cell and ADCC activity of macrophages from ascitic and solid ovarian tumours. AB - Macrophages have been isolated from ascitic and collagenase-dispersed tumours from patients undergoing surgery for ovarian cancer. Macrophages were present in varying proportions in both sites, though the ration of macrophages to tumour cells was higher in ascites. Marked variation in size (as detected by sedimentation velocity) and cytochemical markers in the macrophages was noted. Highly enriched macrophage fractions were isolated from the ascites and collagenase-dispersed solid tumours by a combination of sedimentation velocity and selective EA RFC or adherence techniques. Suppressor activity in the PHA assay was detected in tumour macrophages (4/10 giving less than 50% inhibition), ascitic macrophages (1/15) and blood monocytes (2/7). Lymphocyte fractions from tumours were unresponsive to PHA and failed to suppress the blood response. Suppressor activity was also present in the purified tumour-cell fraction of 6/14 patients. ADCC activity was tested in a few patients. When the activity was determined against the SB target cells, tumour-derived macrophages were inactive, whereas the ascitic fraction showed low but significant activity which averaged much lower than patients blood values. The ADCC assays carried out with the CRC target cell indicated activity within the range of patient blood values in 4/4 ascites and 2/4 tumour macrophage fractions. Cytotoxicity was also assessed against co-purified autologous tumour cells. Although activity was detected in many of the tests, the results seemed to reflect target cell sensitivity. There appeared to be a correlation between cytotoxicity with test macrophages and normal blood mononuclear cells. The results indicate that the cytochemical heterogeneity and the variation in size between macrophage fractions is associated with a spectrum of activities. PMID- 6211188 TI - Oxytetracycline in the treatment of ocular rosacea: a double-blind trial. AB - Thirty-five patients with ocular rosacea were admitted to a trial of systemic oxytetracycline, 250 mg b.d. for 6 weeks. Oxytetracycline produced a significantly higher number of remissions than the placebo, 11/35. With repeated or continuous treatment 19/35 patients achieved a sustained remission for 8 months. There were no side effects. The nonspecific signs of ocular rosacea responded well to the treatment, but no permanent change in the conjunctival or corneal vascularisation occurred. PMID- 6211189 TI - Purification of an alpha-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase from the yeast Kluyveromyces lactis and a study of mutants defective in this enzyme activity. AB - An enzyme activity in Kluyveromyces lactis that catalyzes the transfer of N acetylglucosamine from uridine diphosphate N-acetylglucosamine to alpha Man(1 leads to 3) alpha Man ( 1 leads to 2) alpha Man (1 leads to 2)Man to yield alpha Man(1 leads to 3) [alpha GlcNAc(1 leads to 2)] alpha Man(1 leads to 2) alpha Man (1 leads to 2)Man, a mannoprotein side-chain unit, has been solubilized by Triton X-100 and purified 18000-fold by a combination of ion-exchange chromatography, gel filtration, hydrophobic chromatography, and adsorption to a lectin column. The enzyme activity from a K. lactis mutant (mnn2-2) that made mannoprotein lacking N-acetylglucosamine in its side chains, but that possessed a normal level of transferase activity in cell extracts, was purified and compared with the enzyme from the wild-type strain. Both transferase activities are integral membrane proteins found in particles associated with endoplasmic reticulum. The two purified enzymes had the same apparent size, heat stability, Mn2+ requirement, and Km for donor and acceptor and a similar Vmax. Wild-type and mutant cells had similar pool sizes of sugar nucleotide donor, and they incorporated labeled N-acetylglucosamine into chitin at similar rates. No evidence was obtained for an inactive enzyme precursor in mutant cells that was activated upon breaking the cells, nor did the mutant cells contain a transferase inhibitor or a hexosaminidase that could remove the sugar from the mannoprotein during processing and secretion. The mnn2-2 locus appears to be allelic with a second mutant, mnn2-1, that has the same phenotype but that lacks transferase activity in cell extracts. This suggests that the two mutations affect the structural gene for the transferase, and we conclude that the mnn2-2 mutant could contain an altered enzyme that fails to function because it is improperly localized or oriented in the membrane. PMID- 6211190 TI - Proton-adenosinetriphosphatase complex of rat liver mitochondria: effect of its inhibitory peptide on adenosine 5'-triphosphate hydrolytic and functional activities of the enzyme. PMID- 6211191 TI - Mutant studies of yeast phosphofructokinase. PMID- 6211192 TI - Degradation of HeLa cell chromatin by neocarzinostatin and its chromophore. AB - Chromatin is the in vivo target site for neocarzinostatin, a DNA strand scission antitumor drug. The effect of neocarzinostatin and its active chromophore component on HeLa cell chromatin is described here. Chromatin consisting of a mixture of mono-, di-, tri- and larger nucleosome fragments is prepared by micrococcal nuclease digestion of HeLa cell nuclei. Drug-induced conversion of chromatin to smaller sized fragments is measured by electrophoresis of the DNA on non-denaturing 4% polyacrylamide gels. Chromatin breakdown measured under these conditions is double-stranded in nature. In the presence of 2 mM dithiothreitol, neocarzinostatin causes degradation of large chromatin fragments and a loss of distinct nucleosome peaks. Detection of chromatin breakdown by neocarzinostatin is dependent upon the concentration of chromatin in the assay. When chromatin is increased from 14 to 70 micrograms/ml, changes in the larger fragments caused by 100 micrograms/ml neocarzinostatin become less obvious are are almost undetectable at 140 micrograms/ml chromatin. No change is observed when chromatin is treated with either neocarzinostatin or its chromophore in the absence of dithiothreitol. For detectable levels of chromatin degradation, 10 micrograms/ml neocarzinostatin is required compared to only 2.5 microgram/ml chromosome (expressed in microgram equivalent neocarzinostatin). Such degradation also occurs more rapidly with chromophore than with neocarzinostatin. Digestion of chromatin with neocarzinostatin continues for at least 30 min at 37 degrees C, while similar degradation caused by chromophore is complete in 1 min. Neocarzinostatin levels which actively degrade isolated chromatin can also effect release of soluble chromatin from intact nuclei. The released chromatin can serve as a substrate for micrococcal nuclease digestion. Such chromatin studies should prove useful in characterizing the mechanism of action of DNA reactive drugs such as neocarzinostatin. PMID- 6211193 TI - The inhibitory protein of chitin synthetase from Mucor rouxii is a chitinase. AB - The 'inhibitor' of chitin synthetase previously isolated from the cytosol of Mucor rouxii was found to be a chitinase. Paper chromatographic analysis of reaction products showed that the overall rate of chitin synthesis was unaffected by the 'inhibitor'. The observed reduction in chitin synthesis was due to depolymerization of chitin, mostly dimers (diacetyl-N,N'chitobiose). The chitinase was much more effective against nascent chitin, i.e., chitin being made in a chitin synthetase incubation mixture, than against preformed chitin. PMID- 6211194 TI - Modifications in the allosteric properties of phosphofructokinase in rat erythrocytes and reticulocytes cross-linked with dimethyl suberimidate and 3,3' dithiobispropionimidate. AB - The kinetic behaviour of phosphofructokinase (ATP:D-fructose-6-phosphate 1 phosphotransferase, EC 2.7.1.11) has been studied in situ, by using rat erythrocytes and reticulocytes treated with dimethyl suberimidate and 3,3' dithiobispropionimidate as cross-linking reagents and with digitonin as the delipidating agent. Comparison of the ATP and fructose-6-P saturation curves of phosphofructokinase in dimethyl suberimidate-permeabilized cells with those obtained in haemolysates showed the enzyme to have reduced allosteric properties under in situ conditions, although it still responded to cyclic AMP (300 microM) added as allosteric effector. Non-sigmoidal fructose-6-P saturation curves were also observed using 3,3'-dithiobispropionimidate-permeabilized erythrocytes, either in the absence or in the presence of cyclic AMP. A hyperbolic behaviour was shown after cross-linking reversal of 3,3'-dithiobispropionimidate permeabilized erythrocytes by treatment with dithiothreitol. Specific activity values of phosphofructokinase were always lower in permeabilized cells than in haemolysates. A significant inhibition of phosphofructokinase specific activity, without any effect on its allosteric behaviour, is exerted by reaction of dimethyl suberimidate or 3,3'-dithiobispropionimidate with erythrocyte lysates in the presence of an inhibitory concentration of ATP. These results suggest that penetration of the cross-linking reagent and its subsequent reaction with intracellular phosphofructokinase will have a direct effect upon the results obtained using this in situ approach.U PMID- 6211195 TI - [Kinetics of Mg2+-dependent CF1-ATPase in the presence of stimulators]. AB - A kinetic study of ATP hydrolysis by CF1-ATPase from chloroplasts in the presence of optimal concentrations of the stimulators, sodium sulfite and ethyl alcohol, has been carried out. At MgCl2/ATP ratios more than 1 the reaction kinetics obey the Michaelis--Menten equation. At ATP excess the kinetics are of the second order with respect to Mg2+. The data obtained are consistent with the hypothesis on the formation of an enzyme substrate Mg.CF1-MgATP complex containing beside Mg ATP substrate Mg2+. The dependence of the maximal rate of the reaction on pH was studied. Two active groups with pK of 6.3 and 8.9 were revealed. The group responsible for Mg+2 binding to the enzyme has a pK of 8.3. The possible nature of the active groups of the enzyme is discussed. PMID- 6211196 TI - P-chlorophenylalanine trials in schizophrenic patients. PMID- 6211197 TI - Biocompatibility screening of poly (vinyl chloride) implants. AB - It was proposed to test the biocompatibility of a polymeric implant by assaying enzyme activity in the tissue homogenate. Medical grade poly(vinyl chloride) was implanted in rat gluteal muscle and muscle specimens taken from the implanted and non-implanted sites after 7, 14 and 21 days. In the muscle homogenate taken in suitable solvents, the activities of alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, Ca2+ ATPase, leucine aminopeptidase (LAP) and succinic dehydrogenase (SDH) were tested and compared at implanted and non-implanted sites. Increased activity of acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, LAP and Ca2+ ATPase were seen at the implanted site but the SDH activity was reduced. The enzyme activity at both sites was maximum around 14 days and the highest increase in activity at the implant site compared to the control site was observed for alkaline phosphatase and acid phosphatase. After 21 days, the activity decreased gradually. In case of SDH, the inhibition was more after 14 days and gradually decreased after 21 days. PMID- 6211198 TI - [Tissue perfusion measurement by the analysis of the cooling behaviour of a periodically heated thermocouple (author's transl)]. PMID- 6211199 TI - Calculation of the equilibrium distribution for a deleterious gene by the finite Fourier transform. AB - In a population of constant size every deleterious gene eventually attains a stochastic equilibrium between mutation and selection. The individual probabilities of this equilibrium distribution can be computed by an application of the finite Fourier transform to an appropriate branching process formula. Specific numerical examples are discussed for the autosomal dominants, Huntington's chorea and chondrodystrophy, and for the X-linked recessive, Becker's muscular dystrophy. PMID- 6211200 TI - lack of suppressor cell activity for natural killer cells in infant, aged and a low responder strain of mice. AB - We have examined the reported role of suppressor cells in the regulation of NK activity in mice with naturally low NK activity (infant and aged (C57 X A)F1 hybrids (CAF1) and low responder strain AKR mice). Possible suppressor activity was assayed by mixing, at a 1 : 1 ratio, spleen cells from low activity mice with spleen effector cells from normally active 8 to 10 wk old CAF1 mice. The lytic activity of the mixture was compared with the activity of effector cells diluted with medium alone or diluted 1 : 1 with "non-suppressor" population which served as a control for nonspecific decreases in lysis. The control or "filler" cells employed were suspensions of adult CAF1 thymus, thymus from adult mice exposed to 2,000 R, and adult CAF1 spleen cells cultured for 24 hours, a procedure that depleted NK activity. In no case was the activity observed in the presumed suppressor-effector mixture significantly lower than that observed in the filler effector cell mixtures. Thus, in infant (1 to 2 wk) and aged (12 to 18 mo) CAF1 mice and in 8 to 10 wk old AKR mice, we found no evidence for specific cell mediated suppression of natural cytotoxicity. PMID- 6211201 TI - [Ca2+ transport by the membrane-bound monomeric form of Ca-ATPase of sarcoplasmic reticulum]. AB - Chromatography of a mixture of phospholipid and Ca-dependent ATPase of sarcoplasmic reticulum solubilized with choleate in a column with anionite results in proteolyposome formation. It was shown that dilution of ATPase with phospholipids makes it possible to reduce the concentration of ATPase in the membrane. Using the bifunctional reagent difluorodinitrobenzene it was demonstrated that reduction of the ATPase concentration in the membrane leads to the dissociation of the enzyme to monomers. It was disclosed that the monomeric form of ATPase is capable of active Ca2+ transport. PMID- 6211202 TI - T-cell subpopulations identified by monoclonal antibodies after human marrow transplantation. I. Helper-inducer and cytotoxic-suppressor subsets. AB - Peripheral blood helper-inducer and cytotoxic-suppressor T-cell subpopulations in patients receiving marrow transplants for the treatment of acute leukemia or severe aplastic anemia were quantitated on the fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS) using the monoclonal antibodies OKT4 and OKT8, respectively. The relative (percent) and absolute number of OKT4+ cells were severely and persistently depleted for up to 2.7 yr posttransplant. In contrast, the percent and absolute number of OKT8+ cells began to recover within the first 60 days of transplant and subsequently remained at normal or high levels for periods of up to 7.3 yr. There was no significant difference in percent or absolute numbers of OKT8+ cells for patients with or without acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). The reversal of the normal OKT4:OKT8 ratio (2:1) occurred regardless of whether the recipient was given an allogeneic, syngeneic, or autologous transplant and regardless of whether or not acute or chronic GVHD developed. The reversed ratio was due in the first 3 mo posttransplant to low numbers of OKT4+ cells and later to a combination of low numbers of OKT4+ and high numbers of OKT8+ cells. Normalization and then an increase in the number of OKT8+ cells correlated with increasing time posttransplant and not with resolution of acute GVHD. PMID- 6211203 TI - Complexes between C1-inhibitor, kallikrein, high molecular weight kininogen, plasma thromboplastin antecedent, and plasmin in normal human plasma and hereditary angioneurotic edema plasmas containing dysmorphic C1-inhibitors: role of cold activation. PMID- 6211204 TI - Potentiation of fibroblast growth by nodular sclerosing Hodgkin's disease cell cultures. AB - Cell cultures were established from 8 lymph nodes replaced by nodular sclerosing Hodgkin's disease. Serum-containing and serum-free conditioned media from these cultures potentiated fibroblast growth and were found to be consistently more potent than fibroblast growth factor, 100 ng/ml, every other day. Both a proliferative response and transformation-like growth were observed using BALB/c 3T3 cells, human diploid fibroblasts, and human embryonic fibroblasts as target cells. The Hodgkin's disease growth factor(s) was not produced by fibroblasts or lymphocytes in the Hodgkin's cultures and was most potent when the Hodgkin's cultures had been enriched with Hodgkin's giant cells. Removal of normal macrophages decreased the proliferative activity but did not eliminate it or nonadherent growth of 3T3 cells in agar. Control cultures of 6 nonmalignant lymph nodes, a Lennert's lymphoma, a mixed cellularity Hodgkin's disease lymph node, and a malignant histiocytosis cell line suggested that among lymph node disorders, this feature may be relatively specific for nodular sclerosing Hodgkin's disease. PMID- 6211205 TI - The Laser Doppler flowmeter for microvascular monitoring: a preliminary report. AB - A preliminary report is presented of a free-flap monitoring technique using the Doppler shift of Laser light. It has provided useful information in five patients with free flaps. The technique is non-invasive and the apparatus is compact, portable and simple to use. Although a long term evaluation with a larger number of patients is required the technique has many advantages over others currently available and is sufficiently promising to warrant further investigation. PMID- 6211206 TI - Plastic surgical management of children with Down's syndrome: indications and results. AB - The face of a child with Down's syndrome is stigmatised by the large tongue, open mouth, saddle nose and epicanthal folds. Operative reduction of macroglossia facilitates nose-breathing, comprehensible speech and eating. Raising the nasal bridge with Cialit-preserved homograft cartilage obliterates the epicanthal folds and conceals the oblique slant of the eyelids. The child should be operated on from the third year onwards. PMID- 6211207 TI - Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty: experience in balloon dilatation of peripheral coronary and renal arteries. AB - Balloon catheter dilatation (percutaneous transluminal angioplasty) of peripheral, coronary and renal arteries is reported, comprising 80 arteries in 62 patients. The clinical success rate was 79% complete relief of symptoms, 9% partial relief. Recurrence was 7% in a follow-up period of one month to 20 months, mean 6 months. There was a 6% incidence of complications requiring surgery. This and other recent reports indicate that, provided the current high patency rate continues on long-term follow-up, percutaneous angioplasty has a major contribution to make in the management of arterial disease. Advantages include relatively low morbidity and cost, and short rehabilitation time. It can be repeated if necessary, and in the event of failure surgical treatment is seldom precluded. Close co-operation between disciplines is essential for optimum case selection and if complications arise. PMID- 6211208 TI - Laparoscopy in the prevention of unnecessary appendicectomies: a prospective study. AB - More than one-third of all appendicectomies are unnecessary. A study was directed towards reducing the misdiagnosis of appendicitis, thus preventing needless operations. Thirty-six women in the fertile age group and with a diagnosis of appendicitis were subjected to laparoscopy before surgery. All women had undergone a gynaecological examination to rule out disease of the female genitalia. As a result of the laparoscopy, surgery was cancelled in one-third of the cases, which were found to have acute gynaecological disease not requiring surgery. PMID- 6211209 TI - Abdominal wall resection and reconstruction with the aid of Marlex mesh. AB - Treatment of malignant tumours of the abdominal wall is primarily surgical and should consist of ample excision with margin of 4-6 cm into the adjacent healthy tissue. When primary closure of the defect in the abdominal wall is not feasible, it can be repaired with the aid of Marlex mesh, combined if necessary with a pedicled omentum flap and free skin grafts. Major resections of the abdominal wall are thus made possible. PMID- 6211211 TI - Rejecting scientific advice. PMID- 6211210 TI - Platelet accumulation on mature Dacron grafts in man. AB - Prosthetic graft occlusion is most frequent in the early postoperative period when the luminal surface is highly thrombogenic. It is generally believed that graft maturation ultimately results in a non-thrombogenic surface. The accumulation of 111-indium-labelled autologous platelets in Dacron aortofemoral grafts has been measured 1 week following surgery and at intervals of 6 months to 1 year. Platelets from 9 patients were labelled with 111-indium oxine and re injected. Isotope emissions over the graft and a reference site (aortic arch) were measured daily for 8 days and gamma camera images taken on alternate days. Graft thrombogenicity was calculated as the daily rise in the graft: reference ratio of emissions. All grafts, regardless of age, accumulated platelets and were imaged by gamma camera. Mean thrombogenicity (+/- s.e.mean) 1 week after surgery was 0.21 +/- 0.04 compared with 0.08 +/- 0.03 at follow-up (P less than 0.01). The platelet survival during the early study was reduced at 6.8 +/- 0.6 days but recovered to a value of 8.6 +/- 0.8 days (P less than 0.01) at follow-up. Further grafts, 2, 5 and 9 years old, were studied and all accumulated platelets, especially near the anastomoses. Platelet accumulation on Dacron grafts does diminish with time but persists beyond the period of altered platelet survival and perhaps indefinitely. PMID- 6211212 TI - Compensation: who cares? PMID- 6211213 TI - Compensation for medical misadventure and drug injury in the New Zealand no-fault system: feeling the way. PMID- 6211214 TI - Normality and reliability in the clinical assessment of backache. AB - Backache is common yet its routine medical assessment is imprecise, unreliable, and poorly interpreted. Reproducibility studies on 475 patients improved the reliability of clinical interview and examination in backache, while studies of 335 normal subjects defined the limits of normality. Assessment of nerve function was found to be reliable but assessment of the back itself had to be considerably modified and examination improved by incorporating actual measurements. The validity and clinical utility of the information were analysed to determine the minimum amount of information which should be collected to permit clear diagnosis and management. PMID- 6211215 TI - Recurrent trimethoprim-associated fixed skin eruption. PMID- 6211216 TI - Genetics of Alzheimer's disease. PMID- 6211217 TI - Emergence of resistance after spectinomycin treatment for gonorrhoea due to beta lactamase producing strain of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. PMID- 6211218 TI - Burst abdomen and incisional hernia. PMID- 6211219 TI - Physical medicine. PMID- 6211220 TI - [Ciradian variation in the lethal dose 50 of mercuric chloride in mice]. AB - If circadian variations in tolerance to drugs have been often demonstrated, such observations about heavy metals are still very scarce. The present study proposes to determine if circadian variations occur in the tolerance of Mice to single lethal dose of mercuric chloride. 360 female Mice, kept in cages on a 8.00 - 20.00 L/D cycle, receive I.P. a single mercuric chloride injection at different concentrations (100 to 300 X 10(-6)) at different hours in the day (8.00 - 14.00 20.00 or 2.00). Death number is determined each during 10 consecutive days. For the highest doses causing death (from 200 x 10(-6)), the mortality percentage is a function of the time of the mercury administration. The metal is the most toxic at 20.00 (LD50: 4,14 +/-0,47) mg/kg) and least at 2.00 (LD50: 5,54 +/- 0,18 mg/kg). Moreover, death occurs later at 2.00 than at other times. So a susceptibility to mercuric chloride in Mice clearly appears. PMID- 6211221 TI - Genetic and biochemical consequences of thymidylate stress. AB - We have examined the genetic and biochemical consequences of thymidylate stress in haploid and diploid strains of the simple eukaryote Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Bakers' yeast). Previously we reported that inhibition of dTMP biosynthesis causes "thymineless death" and is highly recombinagenic, but apparently not mutagenic, at the nuclear level; however, it is mutagenic for mitochondria. Concurrent provision of dTMP abolishes these effects. Conversely, excess dTMP is highly mutagenic for nuclear genes. It is likely that DNA strand breaks are responsible for the recombinagenic effects of thymidylate deprivation; such breaks could be produced by reiterative uracil incorporation and excision in DNA repair patches. In our experiments, thymidylate stress was produced both by starving dTMP auxotrophs for the required nucleotide and also by blocking de novo synthesis of thymidylate by various antimetabolites. We found that the antifolate methotrexate is a potent inducer of mitotic recombination (both gene conversion and mitotic crossing-over). This suggests that the gene amplification associated with methotrexate resistance in mammalian cells could arise, in part, by unequal sister-chromatid exchange induced by thymidylate stress. In addition, several sulfa drugs, which impede de novo folate biosynthesis, also have considerable recombinagenic activity. PMID- 6211222 TI - Fermentation of D-xylose, xylitol, and D-xylulose by yeasts. AB - Fifteen yeasts which can assimilate D-xylose were examined for the ability to convert this pentose to ethanol. In six of the seven genera investigated the conversion was enhanced when air had access to the medium. Therefore, the ability to convert D-xylose to ethanol under these conditions is probably common among yeasts. Growth under the same conditions on xylitol, a putative catabolite of D xylose, led to only traces of ethanol. The effects of growth on another putative catabolite, D-xylose, were complex, but some of the strains which were among the better producers of ethanol from D-xylose produced less from D-xylulose. PMID- 6211223 TI - Phase II trial of 5-fluorouracil, adriamycin, mitomycin C, and streptozotocin (FAM-S) in pancreatic carcinoma. AB - Twenty-five patients with unresectable and metastatic pancreatic carcinoma were treated with the combination of 5-fluorouracil, Adriamycin, mitomycin C and streptozotocin (FAM-S). Twelve of 25 patients responded (48%) and four patients demonstrated stable disease. Median survival of all patients was 6.75 months, and seven of 25 patients survived more than 12 months. Hematologic toxicity was moderate, and the predominant side effect recorded was nausea and vomiting (80% patients). Combination chemotherapy in pancreatic carcinoma may provide palliation and randomized trials are warranted to confirm these results. PMID- 6211224 TI - Perfusion lung scan: an aid in detection of lymphangitic carcinomatosis. AB - Lymphangitic carcinomatosis is usually a late manifestation of metastatic disease. The patient usually presents with cough or dyspnea, and the chest radiograph is often nondiagnostic. Two patients are presented who developed symptoms while on adjuvant chemotherapy. Both had abnormal perfusion lung scans. One had matching ventilation defects; the other a normal ventilation study. Biopsy revealed metastatic carcinoma; in one case tumor was seen in both the pulmonary lymphatics and arterioles; in technique which can speed diagnosis and institution of therapy in lymphangitic carcinomatosis. PMID- 6211226 TI - Clinical pharmacological studies of concurrent infusion of 5-fluorouracil and thymidine in treatment of colorectal carcinomas. AB - The effects of thymidine (dThd) coadministration on the pharmacokinetics and metabolism of 5-fluorouracil (FUra) were investigated in 29 colorectal cancer patients. Five patients received 5-day i.v. infusion of FUra at 15 mg/kg/day and 24 patients received infusion of FUra (7.5 mg/kg/day, 5 days) and dThd (216 mg/kg/day, 6 days) preceded by a bolus dose of dThd (405 mg/kg). Plasma and urine concentrations of FUra, 5-fluorodeoxyuridine (FdUrd), thymine, and dThd were quantitated by a high-pressure liquid chromatographic assay. Concurrent dThd administration reduced the plasma clearance of FUra at steady state from 389.1 +/ 153.5 (S.D.) to 56.0 +/- 36.4 liters/kg/day. The mean steady-state plasma concentration of FUra in patients receiving FUra alone was 0.38 microM and was significantly lower than the 1.30 microM in patients receiving FUra-dThd. Plasma concentrations of FUra were linearly dependent on those of thymine. Furthermore, the metabolic and renal clearances of FUra decreased inversely with thymine concentrations indicating that the elimination of FUra was reduced by thymine. In contrast to the absence of FdUrd as a circulating metabolite in patients treated with FUra alone, microM concentrations of FdUrd were detected in plasma of most of the patients treated with FUra-dThd. This together with the linear correlation of FdUrd and dThd concentrations indicates that the interconversion of FUra to FdUrd was enhanced by dThd. The incidence of dose-limiting leukopenia in the FUra dThd combination therapy was 40%. There is an inverse correlation between the plasma clearance of FUra at steady state and hematological toxicity. The plasma clearance of FUra in the toxic population was 32.0 +/- 16.8 liters/kg/day and was significantly lower than the clearance of 72.0 +/- 37.3 liters/kg/day in the nontoxic population (p less than 0.001). The corresponding critical toxic steady state FUra plasma concentration was 1.5 microM. The biochemical effects of dThd on the incorporation of FUra and FdUrd into RNA and into acid-soluble 5 fluorodeoxyuridine monophosphate (FdUMP) in human colon tumor cells were studied in vitro. At 100 microM, dThd increased the incorporation of FUra into RNA up to 4-fold but diminished the acid-soluble FdUMP pool. Similarly, the incorporation of FdUrd into acid-soluble FdUMP was inhibited by dThd. The response rate of colorectal carcinoma to FUra was not improved by coadministration of dThd; only one of the 11 patients who had no prior FUra therapy achieved partial remission. The lack of clinical response in these patients may be partly due to the inhibition of anabolism of FUra and FdUrd to FdUMP by dThd. PMID- 6211225 TI - Repair of DNA alkylation induced in L1210 leukemia and murine bone marrow by three chloroethylnitrosoureas. AB - The removal of DNA adducts is an essential step of DNA repair following exposure to chloroethylnitrosoureas. Adduct removal was evaluated in both L1210 and murine bone marrow DNA for lesions induced by three chloroethylnitrosoureas. 1-(2 Chloroethyl)-3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea, a marrow-toxic agent with high carbamoylating activity, was not removed in either system for at least 6 to 12 hr. These results were compared with those obtained with two glucose-linked chloroethylnitrosoureas, chlorozotocin and 1-(2-chloroethyl)-3-(beta-D glucopyranosyl)-1-nitrosourea. Both of these agents have low marrow toxicity at therapeutic doses. Chlorozotocin, which has very low chemical carbamoylating activity, was found to permit approximately 40% removal of drug-derived DNA adducts in both systems within the first 6 hr and approximately 50% by 18 hr. The second glucose-linked analog, 1-(2-chloroethyl)-3-(beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-1 nitrosourea, has relatively high carbamoylating activity and was found to inhibit early removal of DNA adducts as effectively as does 1-(2-chloroethyl)-3 cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea. It would thus appear that the selective marrow-sparing property of the sugar-linked chloroethylnitrosoureas is not dependent upon carbamoylation-mediated differences in the rate and extent of DNA adduct removal. In view of the comparable therapeutic activity of the three drugs for L1210 leukemia, therapeutic efficacy does not appear to be impaired by the increased rate of adduct removal observed with chlorozotocin in this system. PMID- 6211227 TI - Comparative studies of aromatase inhibitors in relation to the significance of estrogen synthesis in human mammary tumors. AB - The inhibitory activity of aminoglutethimide, 4-hydroxyandrostenedione, 7 alpha (4'-amino)phenylthioandrostenedione, and cyanoketone (2 alpha-cyano-4,4,17 alpha trimethyl-17 beta-hydroxy-5-androstene-3-one) on androgen aromatization by human mammary tumors was examined. Androstenedione and dehydroepiandrosterone were incubated with mammary tumor homogenates in the presence of a reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-generating system with or without inhibitor. All four compounds were found to be equally effective in inhibiting estrogen synthesis from dehydroepiandrosterone, but only aminoglutethimide, 4 hydroxyandrostenedione, and 7 alpha-(4'-amino)phenylthioandrostenedione were capable of inhibiting androstenedione aromatization. Inhibitions of androgen aromatization ranging between 81 and 97% were found and were essentially similar for both estrogen receptor-negative and estrogen receptor-positive tumors. Kinetic analysis showed 7 alpha-(4'-amino)phenylthioandrostenedione to be the most effective inhibitor with apparent Ki of 0.034 microM, followed by aminoglutethimide (Ki 0.26 microM) and 4-hy droxyandrostenedione (Ki 01.47 microM) using androstenedione as a substrate. These results are discussed in relation to the significance of estrogen synthesis in mammary tumors. PMID- 6211228 TI - Adjuvant aminoglutethimide therapy for postmenopausal patients with primary breast cancer: progress report. AB - A group of 122 postmenopausal patients with histologically proven node-positive primary breast cancer have been randomized to receive aminoglutethimide hydrocortisone or placebo aminoglutethimide-placebo hydrocortisone for 2 years. Median follow-up is 17 months. In general, treatment was well tolerated, but 15 patients required a reduction in the dose of aminoglutethimide, and of these four patients were unable to continue therapy due to side effects. Primary staging, incidence of extensive node involvement, and estrogen receptor were similar in the treatment and control arms. Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHA-S) and estrone were measured in a subgroup of patients, and significant suppression of DHA-S levels throughout the duration of the treatment period as seen in patients receiving the active drug. No significant suppression of either DHA-S or estrone levels was seen in the controls. Patients were monitored for metastases by serial liver function tests, carcinoembryonic antigen, and chest X-rays, and of 26 relapsing patients only three patients were not detected by this screen. We conclude that adjuvant aminoglutethimide is moderately well tolerated. It is capable of suppressing DHA-S throughout 2 years of treatment. A further 280 patients will be entered into the study to assess the survival benefit for those taking aminoglutethimide-hydrocortisone. PMID- 6211229 TI - Aminoglutethimide in tamoxifen-resistant patients: The Melbourne Experience. AB - A group of 160 women with actively progressing metastatic breast cancer were treated with aminoglutethimide to induce medical adrenalectomy. The degree of adrenal suppression was monitored by measurement of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate levels, and classification of response was carried out according to UICC criteria by two observers. Assessment of response is available for 136 patients, and of these 50 (36.7%) had an objective remission. In an additional 10 patients, the disease became static. Mean remission duration is 12.5 months (range, 4 to 30). Forty-one patients had previously remitted to tamoxifen and then relapsed, and of these 22 (53.6%) experienced another remission with aminoglutethimide. Fifty patients had failed to respond to tamoxifen, and of these 16 (32%) had a remission with aminoglutethimide. In the 20 patients who did not receive tamoxifen and in the 25 whose response to it could not be classified, the remission rates to aminoglutethimide were 25 and 28%, respectively. The high remission rate to medical adrenalectomy in patients who have previously responded to tamoxifen makes it the treatment of choice in tamoxifen-responsive patients. PMID- 6211230 TI - Design of controlled clinical trials: use of historical controls. PMID- 6211231 TI - Phase II trial of chlorozotocin in malignant melanoma, breast cancer, and other solid tumors. AB - We have conducted a broad phase II clinical trial of chlorozotocin in 74 patients including 28 with malignant melanoma, 18 with breast cancer, nine with non Hodgkin's lymphoma, six with nonseminomatous testicular cancer, five with ovarian cancer, four with sarcoma, three with non-beta islet cell carcinoma of the pancreas, and one with anaplastic carcinoma of the thyroid. Objective responses were noted only in 15% of the patients with melanoma and in 11% of the patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Significant leukopenia and thrombocytopenia were observed only in previously treated patients. Chlorozotocin does not appear to offer clinically significant advantages over other currently available nitrosoureas. PMID- 6211232 TI - Phase I clinical study with 5'-deoxy-5-fluorouridine, a new fluoropyrimidine derivative. AB - 5'-Deoxy-5-fluorouridine (DFUR) is a new fluoropyrimidine derivative with significant antineoplastic activity in animal systems. Compared to 5-FU or other fluoropyrimidines, DFUR has a more favorable therapeutic ratio in Sarcoma 180 bearing mice. DFUR was studied in this phase I trial with a daily x 5 bolus iv injection. A second course was given greater than or equal to 3 weeks after the first day of treatment. Doses were escalated from 300 to 5000 mg/m2/day in 30 patients. Dose-limiting factors were myelosuppression and stomatitis. Hematologic toxic effects were particularly marked on granulocytes. Thrombocytopenia was less frequently encountered. Stomatitis was severe at high doses of DFUR. Eleven patients had nausea or moderate vomiting. Drug-induced myocardial injury may exist, since electrocardiogram changes were recorded in two patients. After rapid iv injection, four patients felt hot in the face and pelvis. Other side effects were minimal. With this daily x 5 schedule of administration, the maximum tolerated dose of DFUR appeared to be 5000 mg/m2/day. The dose recommended for further clinical use is 4000 mg/m2/day x 5 for patients previously untreated with chemotherapy. PMID- 6211233 TI - Activity of isotretinoin against squamous cell cancers and preneoplastic lesions. AB - We investigated the effect of the synthetic vitamin A derivative isotretinoin (13 cis-retinoic acid) on advanced cancers in 103 patients and on preneoplastic lesions in five patients. Six of 14 patients with squamous cell epithelial cancers had objective regressions of skin or subcutaneous metastases. Three of five patients with preneoplastic lesions had objective responses. The major dose limiting toxic effects were reversible dermatitis, emotional lability, and headaches. We conclude that the growth of some squamous cell epithelial malignancies can be inhibited by isotretinoin and suggest that other retinoids should be evaluated as antitumor agents. PMID- 6211234 TI - Phase II study of chlorozotocin in malignant melanoma: a Southeastern Cancer Study Group report. AB - Seventy-nine patients with metastatic melanoma received chlorozotocin (150 mg/m2) every 6 weeks. Two complete and five partial responses were observed: 18% in patients who had not previously received chemotherapy and 6% in previously drug resistant patients. Dose-limiting toxic effects were vomiting and myelosuppression. PMID- 6211235 TI - Streptozocin-induced eosinophilia and fever: a case report. PMID- 6211236 TI - A case report of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty following failure of femoro-popliteal venous bypass graft. AB - This brief case report illustrates the utility of angioplasty in lower-extremity limb salvage situations that often occur following failure of femoropopliteal bypass grafting, as well as the use of angioplasty in tibial vessels. It also demonstrates that angioplasty of multiple lesions can be successfully achieved at a single sitting. PMID- 6211237 TI - Histochemistry of human laryngeal muscles. PMID- 6211238 TI - Diminished helper-T-lymphocyte function in cancer patients. PMID- 6211239 TI - The dandruff story. PMID- 6211240 TI - Dorros-Spring pressurizer: an inflation device for use in transluminal angioplasty procedures. AB - A simple hand-operated balloon inflation device has been developed for use in coronary and peripheral transluminal angioplasty procedures. This device is compact, portable, and easily sterilized and eliminates the need for compressed gas, pneumatic pistons, carbon dioxide cartridges, or a complex holder or mounting apparatus. This device, the Dorros-Spring pressurizer, provides for precise control of pressures which inflate the angioplasty dilatation catheters by means of an hydraulic saline-contrast system. This inflation device has been used in over 150 coronary and 100 peripheral transluminal angioplasties without the occurrence of failure of mechanical components or loss of calibration. PMID- 6211241 TI - Tumor bearer T cells suppress BCG-potentiated antitumor responses. I. Requirements for their effect. PMID- 6211242 TI - Suppressor T-cell hybridomas that exhibit various capacities to negatively regulate PFC responses in a T-cell dependent mouse model. PMID- 6211243 TI - Peritoneal adherent cell inhibit the generation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes with prostaglandin-mediated system. PMID- 6211244 TI - Autologous mixes lymphocyte reaction in human cord blood lymphocytes: decreased generation of helper and cytotoxic T-cell functions and increased proliferative response and induction of suppressor T cells. PMID- 6211245 TI - Soluble inhibitory factor (SIF) in normal human serum. PMID- 6211246 TI - Cytolytic T lymphocyte responses to metabolically inactivated stimulator cell. I. Metabolic inactivation impairs both CD and LD antigen signals. PMID- 6211247 TI - Cytolytic T lymphocyte responses to metabolically inactivated stimulator cells. II. Effect of a soluble "costimulator" factor(s) in primary and secondary mixed leukocyte culture. PMID- 6211248 TI - Feedback suppression of the immune response in vivo. I. Immune B cells induce antigen-specific suppressor T cells. PMID- 6211249 TI - Functional and immunological characterization of the stimulation of human lymphocytes with a mitogen from group A streptococci (SM). PMID- 6211250 TI - A partial characterization of suppressor cells in rat fetal liver cells. PMID- 6211251 TI - Does an autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction account for the "spontaneous" proliferative activity of peripheral blood mononuclear cells? PMID- 6211252 TI - [Epidemiological observation of the occurrence of mumps in the groups of children (author's transl)]. PMID- 6211253 TI - [R plasmids in Staphylococcus aureus (author's transl)]. PMID- 6211254 TI - [A contribution to the study of selected factors of virulence in staphylococci (author's transl)]. PMID- 6211255 TI - [A study of reproducibility and a comparison of the method of determining antistreptolysin O in the practice of our laboratories (author's transl)]. PMID- 6211256 TI - [Therapy of experimental toxoplasmosis of albino mice by levamisol (author's transl)]. PMID- 6211257 TI - [Possibilities of preparation of a selective medium for the cultivation of mycobacteria (author's transl)]. PMID- 6211258 TI - Observation of metabolites of reduced lantadene A in bile canalicular membranes of rats with triterpene-induced cholestasis. PMID- 6211259 TI - The effects of grinding and drying on the solid state stability of sodium prasterone sulfate. PMID- 6211260 TI - [A discussion on the reliability and the stability of stone cells in the pharmacognostical identification (author's transl)]. PMID- 6211261 TI - [An improvement on the preparative method of allicin injection (author's transl)]. PMID- 6211263 TI - [Views on the quality and the stable effect of injections made with herbal drugs (author's transl)]. PMID- 6211262 TI - [A processing method of Xuan Ming Fen (thenardite) (author's transl)]. PMID- 6211264 TI - [A brief report on the nutrition sources of seed germination of Gastrodia elata (author's transl)]. PMID- 6211265 TI - [Studies on the flavonoids of Epimedium sagittatum (author's transl)]. PMID- 6211266 TI - [An analysis of DDT residue in Panax notoginseng (author's transl)]. PMID- 6211267 TI - [A study on toxicity of bakuchiol to mice's kidney (author's transl)]. PMID- 6211268 TI - [A survey on the new form of Chinese medicinal preparations (author's transl)]. PMID- 6211269 TI - [An investigation on the dosage of herbal drug administration described in the medical works unearthed in Ma Wan Dui tomb of Han Dynasty (author's transl)]. PMID- 6211270 TI - Remarks on Chinese materia medica (2)--an elementary introduction processing Chinese crude drugs. PMID- 6211271 TI - [Technique of bud grafting of Strychnos nuxvomica (author's transl)]. PMID- 6211272 TI - [The pharmacognostical identification of Pseudestellaria heterophylla and its confusions (author's transl)]. PMID- 6211273 TI - [Medicinal Huang-Qi and its adulteration in Shan-Xi Province (author's transl)]. PMID- 6211274 TI - [The influence of preparation on the dissolution rate of berberine in coptis rhizome (author's transl)]. PMID- 6211275 TI - [The sex phermones of the Japanese honeysuckle geometrid. I. Response of males to crude extract of female's sex phermones (author's transl)]. PMID- 6211276 TI - [Preliminary study on precipitating reactions of 18 prescriptions of Zhang Zhongjing (author's transl)]. PMID- 6211277 TI - [A preliminary comparison of pharmacological actions of Typhonium giganteum rhizome before and after processing (author's transl)]. PMID- 6211278 TI - [Tritium labelling of qinghaosu derivatives--qinghaosu ether and qinghaosu ester (author's transl)]. PMID- 6211280 TI - [Cultivation of Dioscorea nippoonica. I. Study on the method of sexual reproduction (author's transl)]. PMID- 6211279 TI - [Determination of indirubin by dual wavelength TLC scanner (author's transl)]. PMID- 6211281 TI - [A pharmacological study on Astragalus membranceous root--effect on the irritable state in rats (author's transl)]. PMID- 6211282 TI - [Effect of Vitrex negundo oil on phagocytic activity of mouse peritoneal macrophages (author's transl)]. PMID- 6211283 TI - [A study of a new medicine--Jiu-Er-Xin for treating coronary heart disease (author's transl)]. PMID- 6211284 TI - [A study on the theory of properties and taste of Chinese drugs (author's transl)]. PMID- 6211285 TI - Remarks on Chinese materia medica--young Pilose antler--a precious drug. PMID- 6211286 TI - [Identification and comment on species of Ting-Li-Zi (author's transl)]. PMID- 6211287 TI - [A discussion of the plates in Ben-Cao-Gang-Mu (author's transl)]. PMID- 6211288 TI - [Long-term results of surgery of disc hernia]. PMID- 6211289 TI - Health visitor support for families with Down's syndrome infants. AB - A health visitor was seconded to a university based research team studying intervention with families who have an infant with Down's syndrome. She was given a 3-week practical training and then provided a home-based service for 61 families, visiting every 6 weeks until 2 years of age. Infant development and parental satisfaction with the service were compared to previous findings of the research group. Parental satisfaction was found to be very high and the progress of the infants compared favourably to previous studies. Following this, two field health visitors were given the training and then provided a service in their local areas. The progress of the infants was monitored at 6-month intervals until 2 years of age, and parents were interviewed. Again no differences were found in the developmental progress of the infants and previous groups and parental satisfaction was high. The limitations of the training and some implications for practice were discussed. PMID- 6211291 TI - Code of research practice - nonspeech systems of communication. PMID- 6211290 TI - Honeylands' role in the pre-school years. I. Developing a relationship. AB - Honeylands is a family support unit for families with handicapped children and is part of the National Health Service. Its services include day care, therapy and "on demand' short-term residential care. The research reported here was part of an independent evaluation of Honeylands based on interviews with parents of young handicapped children in the Exeter area. This is the first of three papers arising from these interviews and it considers in detail the experiences of 39 families who had made use of Honeylands' pre-school facilities, from the initial referral onwards. Particular attention is paid to the development of the relationship between parents and staff, since this is felt to be an essential prerequisite for parents' acceptance of Honeylands' services. PMID- 6211292 TI - Load regulation of the structure, composition, and function of mammalian myocardium. PMID- 6211293 TI - Altered myosin isozyme patterns from pressure-overloaded and thyrotoxic hypertrophied rabbit hearts. AB - Cardiac hypertrophy, induced by pressure overload, leads to a depression in the rate of force development, velocity of shortening, tension-dependent heat generation, and myosin ATPase activity, whereas cardiac hypertrophy, induced by thyroxine administration, leads to an increase in these parameters. These changes have been attributed, in part, to structural changes in myosin. In this study, we have investigated changes in the relative content of myosin isozymes and differences in primary structure of the isozymes in pressure-overloaded and thyrotoxic cardiac hypertrophy in the rabbit. Three myosin isozymic forms (V1 = fastest, V2 = intermediate, V3 = slowest mobility) were observed in pyrophosphate polyacrylamide gels from normal hearts with the V3 component being the predominant species. In the pressure-overloaded model, the V1 and V2 components disappeared or were present in reduced amounts leaving the V3 more predominant. The most striking difference was the isozymic profile produced in thyrotoxic hearts where the V1 became the predominant component and V2 and V3 the minor components. alpha-Chymotryptic digestion of myosin heavy chains produced characteristic, reproducible peptide patterns for each of the animal models, as did fluorographic analyses of alpha-chymotryptic digests of 14C-iodoacetamide (IAA)-labeled SH1 peptides of myosin. Our results suggest that altered proportions of myosin isozymes may be responsible for altered cardiac performance. PMID- 6211294 TI - Effects of duration and severity of arterial hypertension and cardiac hypertrophy on coronary vasodilator reserve. AB - Cardiac hypertrophy is associated with a decrease in coronary reserve. However, factors which may modulate the interaction between myocardial growth and vascular proliferation, such as duration and severity of hypertrophy, have not been evaluated. We measured myocardial perfusion with microspheres in conscious, chronically instrumented. Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) and spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) rats at 3, 7, and 15 months of age; and in SHR stroke-prone (SHR-SP) rats at 13 14 months of age. Myocardial perfusion was measured with microspheres in awake rats at rest and during maximal coronary dilation produced by dipyridamole infusion (2.0 mg/kg per min, iv). Arterial pressure was significantly elevated (P less than or equal to 0.05) in all hypertensive groups (vs. age-matched WKY), both at rest and during dipyridamole infusion. Left ventricular mass in the SHR rats was increased significantly (P less than or equal to 0.05) by 14%, 28%, and 29% at 3, 7, and 15 months, respectively. Left ventricular mass in the SHR-SP group was increased by 50% (P less than or equal to 0.05) compared to the 15 month-old WKY. Left ventricular minimal coronary vascular resistance (per gram) was significantly greater (P less than or equal to 0.05) in SHR at 7 months, and in the SHR-SP group (66% and 60%, respectively). Right ventricular minimal coronary vascular resistance was significantly greater (P less than or equal to 0.05) in SHR at 7 and 15 months (50%), and in the SHR-SP group (122%), compared to 15-month-old WKY. The results indicate the following: (1) the increase in minimal coronary vascular resistance between SHR and WKY rats was greatest when left ventricular hypertrophy peaked (7 months) and was no longer present after left ventricular hypertrophy had stabilized. (2) In 14-month-old SHR-SP rats, with more severe left ventricular hypertrophy and hypertension, minimal coronary vascular resistance was considerably higher than in SHR of approximately the same age. (3) Long-term arterial hypertension was associated with a higher right ventricular minimal coronary vascular resistance. Resistance appeared to change in proportion to the severity of hypertension, and the changes were independent of the presence of right ventricular hypertrophy. PMID- 6211295 TI - Quantitative structural changes of the rat thoracic aorta in early spontaneous hypertension. Tissue composition, and hypertrophy and hyperplasia of smooth muscle cells. AB - The thoracic aorta of 21-, 28-, 35-, and 45-day-old spontaneously hypertensive (SH) and Wistar Kyoto (WK) rats was analyzed morphometrically to evaluate the cellular hypertrophy and proliferation of medial smooth muscle cells during the development of genetically determined hypertension. The absolute increase in volume of collagen and ground substance, and elastic tissue was also measured. In SH animals, cellular hypertrophy was found to be the dominant mechanism of muscle growth in the 21- to 28-day and 35- to 45-day intervals, resulting in an overall 68% enlargement of the mean cell volume from 21 to 45 days. The total number of smooth muscle cells increased only 21% (not statistically significant) and the tendency toward hyperplasia was restricted to the 28- to 35-day period. Normotensive controls showed cell proliferation mainly from 21 to 28 days and cellular hypertrophy from 35 to 45 days with an absolute 33% increase in the number of cells and a 26% larger volume of the mean smooth muscle cell at 45 days of age. from 21 to 45 days, the above changes in cell size and number provoked an overall 104% and 67% growth of the muscle mass in SH and WK rats, respectively. The initial response phase of spontaneous hypertension was also characterized by an increase of collagen and ground substance, 184%, which was slightly greater than that of the elastic component, 168%. Changes in mural concentration of fibrous proteins that were similar to but of less magnitude than those of controls, were seen. These results demonstrate that short-term spontaneous hypertension determines a simultaneous growth adaptation in every component structure of the media of the thoracic aorta leading to a disproportionate accumulation of scleroproteins that markedly exceeds that of the contractile component of the vessel wall. At a cellular level, smooth muscle cell hypertrophy is the prevailing process that underlies the tissue response of the aorta in early hypertension. PMID- 6211296 TI - Platelet function in coronary artery disease: effects of coronary surgery and sulfinpyrazone. AB - Platelet survival and plasma concentrations of beta thromboglobulin and platelet factor 4 were measured in 44 patients before and 6 months after coronary artery bypass grafting. Postoperatively, patients were randomized to receive sulfinpyrazone, 800 mg/day, or placebo. Preoperatively, platelet survival was significantly shorter than normal, and plasma concentrations of both platelet specific proteins were significantly elevated. Postoperatively, all three indexes of platelet function tended to become normal, but these changes were statistically significant only in patients treated with sulfinpyrazone. Postoperative exercise testing correlated significantly with plasma concentrations of beta thromboglobulin and platelet factor 4 measured preoperative and postoperative. These results are consistent with reports of the effects of sulfinpyrazine on platelet involvement in other conditions, and suggest that the drug reduces platelet activation and inhibits actual destruction. The results also show a relationship between abnormalities of platelet function and an index of postoperative myocardial ischemia. PMID- 6211297 TI - Open aortic anastomosis: improved results in the treatment of aneurysms of the aortic arch. AB - Over a 7-month period, 15 consecutive patients underwent resection and reconstruction of the transverse aortic arch for a variety of pathologic lesions using moderate systemic hypothermia (24 degrees C) and brief circulatory arrest. Simplified surgical techniques were developed to allow rapid repair. The "open" aortic technique facilitated repair of arch aneurysms, aortic dissections and obstructive lesions of the arch tributaries. The mean cerebral ischemic time was 11.2 +/- 1.5 minutes (mean +/- SEM). Moderate hypothermia afforded adequate cerebral and myocardial protection during circulatory arrest and shortened the duration of extracorporeal bypass necessary for the cooling and rewarming phases (87 +/- 8 minutes). Dacron grafts preclotted by a new method greatly reduced postoperative blood loss. Since these simplified techniques were adopted, 14 patients (93%) have survived aortic arch replacement, with minimal postoperative morbidity. One patients with severe preoperative left ventricular dysfunction died of cardiac failure after operation. These results suggest that aortic arch replacement can be performed safely and with low operative risk. PMID- 6211298 TI - Dacron patch closure of aortic annulus mycotic aneurysms. AB - Six patients with large mycotic aortic annular aneurysms were successfully operated on over a 3-year period. Aortic valve replacement was facilitated in all six patients by closing the orifice of the abscess with a Dacron patch and then seating the prosthetic valve at the level of the aortic annulus. In each case, a portion of the prosthetic valve ring was sutured directly to the patch. No patient has clinical evidence of a perivalvular leak 18-48 months after operation. One patient required reoperation to close a ventricular septal defect caused by partial patch dehiscence. Dacron patch closure has been highly effective in our experience and is simpler than many other options. PMID- 6211299 TI - A comparison of preclotting techniques for prosthetic aortic replacement. AB - Bleeding through graft interstices after replacement of the ascending aorta can occur despite the use of low-porosity, woven graft material and standard preclotting methods. To avoid this complication, improved techniques of preclotting by autoclaving the graft after immersion to either blood or plasma have been developed. We used a quantitative method to compare graft permeability in vitro. The control leak rate (LR) was 111 +/- 7 ml/cm2/min. Standard preclotting reduced this to 23 +/- 4 ml/cm2/min (p less than 0.01). Grafts were autoclaved after immersion in heparinized whole blood (LR 3 +/- 4 ml/cm2/min), 5% albumin (LR 5 +/- 2 ml/cm2/min), plasma alone (LR 4 +/- 0.3 ml/cm2/min) and plasma with thrombin added (LR 2 +/- 0.2 ml/cm2/min). All autoclaved grafts were less permeable than those preclotted by the standard method (p less than 0.01). Scanning electron microscopy showed that the interstices of autoclaved grafts were more uniformly filled than those of grafts prepared by standard preclotting. Perfusion with fibrinolysins significantly (p less than 0.01) increased leak rates of grafts with standard preclotting but did not affect autoclaved grafts. We conclude that autoclaving grafts after immersion in blood, plasma or albumin decreases graft permeability and that autoclaved grafts are resistant to fibrinolysis. PMID- 6211300 TI - Supravalvular pulmonary stenosis after anatomic correction of transposition of the great arteries: causes and prevention. AB - Twenty-two patients who underwent anatomic correction of transposition of the great arteries at the arterial level at the age of 8 weeks to 14 years were reinvestigated 1-4.6 years (mean 2.0 years) after operation. A Dacron tube was used to bridge the gap between the proximal pulmonary route and the distal pulmonary artery in four patients and a tube made of homologous dura mater (2.5 cm in diameter) was used in 18. The nonvalved conduit was placed on the right side of the ascending aorta in nine patients and on the left side in 13. Supravalvular pulmonary stenosis with a gradient of 45-95 mm Hg was found in three patients, all of whom had had the conduit placed on the right side. There was normal growth of the pulmonary artery proximal and distal to the stenotic area. Operation for the relief of the stenosis with insertion of a pericardial patch across the stenosed area was performed in two patients. We conclude that supravalvular pulmonary stenosis after anatomic correction of transposition of the great arteries occurs only when the new pulmonary artery is placed on the right side of the ascending aorta and that the use of a large tube of dura mater appears to allow for rapid growth in early life. PMID- 6211301 TI - Does operative transluminal angioplasty extend the limits of coronary artery bypass surgery? A preliminary report. AB - Distal coronary artery disease often reduces the feasibility and effectiveness of coronary bypass surgery to specific vessels. Operative transluminal angioplasty (OTA) is a valuable adjunct to coronary bypass surgery without significant sequelae. OTA should not be used to supplant coronary bypass; rather, if should be used to augment that procedure. We report our experience with 24 patients who underwent OTA. Twenty-nine lesions were dilated: 17 distal lesions in a primary coronary artery limiting runoff, six tandem lesions that would otherwise not warrant separate grafts, and six lesions in coronary branches and large enough to accept a bypass graft. Catheter dilatations were performed with 20-mm-long balloons inflated to an external diameter of 2-3 mm. Hand inflation monitored by direct vision for 10 second was used for dilatation. Severe stenosis prevented passage of the balloon across lesions in four cases. Stenoses in 25 lesions would not allow passage of a 0.5-1 mm probe before dilatation. After successful dilatation, passage of 1.5-2.0-mm probes was possible. Repeat cardiac catheterization was performed on eight patients 10 days to 4 months postoperatively. Seven patients improved, one did not improve, and there were no closures, extravasations or aneurysms. One hypercoagulable patient required reoperation for two early graft occlusions at 8 days. There were no perioperative infarctions or deaths. PMID- 6211302 TI - Intraoperative retrograde balloon angioplasty of the left anterior descending coronary artery for reperfusion of jeopardized proximal branches. AB - Sequential left anterior descending artery stenoses often entrap diagonal and septal branches of significant but subgraftable diameter. These branches are routinely not perfused by middle or distal left anterior descending saphenous vein grafts implanted beyond the second lesion. We attempted to improve perfusion of such branches in nine patients using retrograde intraoperative balloon angioplasty. During coronary surgery, specially designed angioplasty catheters 2 3 mm in diameter were introduced through the coronary arteriotomy and passed retrogradely across the distal lesion. The balloon was inflated two to four times at 4-7 atmospheres. The size of the lesion was assessed before and after angioplasty using graduated coronary probes. Dilatation was successful in all cases. Probe-determined lesion diameter increased from 1.1 +/- 0.4 mm to 2.0 +/- 0.4 mm, an increase of 109 +/- 8%. In selected patients, intraoperative balloon angioplasty is a promising adjunct to coronary surgery. The clinical significance and long-term effectiveness of this procedure require further evaluation. PMID- 6211303 TI - Twins discordant for Down's syndrome. PMID- 6211304 TI - Prospects for the treatment of acne vulgaris and rosacea. PMID- 6211305 TI - Tissue distribution of IgG Fc receptors. AB - The mechanism causing deposition of circulating immune complexes is largely unknown. The possible role of tissue IgG Fc receptors in immune complex localization has been evaluated using IgG coated ox RBC (ox erythrocyte antisera [EA]) as indicator particles. Cryostat tissue sections of normal human synovium, skin, kidney, choroid plexus, lung and uveal tract were examined for the presence of IgG Fc receptors, with human spleen used as a positive control. Ox EA were shown to bind to splenic red pulp. This binding could be almost completely blocked by heat aggregated human IgG. In none of the other normal tissues examined were IgG Fc receptors demonstrated. To investigate the possibility that inflamed tissues express Fc receptors, biopsy specimens of rheumatoid synovium and skin demonstrating vasculitis were studied. No ox EA binding to these tissues was noted. We concluded that IgG Fc receptors are probably not present in tissues that are targets for immune complex deposition and are therefore unlikely to play a role in this process. PMID- 6211306 TI - Disordered immunoregulatory functions in patients with chronic active hepatitis. AB - Peripheral T lymphocytes from patients with chronic active hepatitis (CAH) showed a significantly decreased suppressor cell (or increased helper cell) effect on differentiation of allogenic B cells to Ig-producing cells (Ig-PC). Spontaneous helper cell activity as measured after irradiation of T cells appeared normal, while Concanavalin A (Con A)-induced suppressor cell activity was significantly reduced. Some patients of chronic persistent hepatitis (CPH) also showed mild depression of Con A-induced suppressor cell activity. Poor suppressor cell activity in CAH was much more often seen in HBsAg negative, autoantibody positive patients than in HBsAg positive autoantibody negative ones. Autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction (AMLR) was significantly decreased in patients with CAH. Also, a serum factor(s) that decreased Con A-induced suppressor cell function of healthy subjects could be demonstrated in some patients with CAH and CPH. Our results suggest that altered immune responses observed in CAH may be due to defective suppressor cell function, partly attributable to serum factor(s). PMID- 6211307 TI - Bacterial lipopolysaccharide-induced immunoglobulin synthesis by human blood lymphocytes partially depleted of monocytes. AB - Bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a potent polyclonal B cell activator in rodents has not been found to be a consistent activator of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBM). Since LPS activates monocytes to become suppressor cells, we asked whether depletion of monocytes would enhance the ability of LPS to induce in vitro activation and immunoglobulin synthesis and secretion by human B lymphocytes. Addition of 50 micrograms/ml LPS for 7 days to PBM cultures failed to induce a significant increase in IgM and IgG synthesis as measured by radioimmunoassay of culture supernatants. However, after partial depletion of adherent cells, the non-adherent cell population (NAC) produced large amounts of IgM and IgG (IgM: 696 ng/10(6) PBM vs 4236 ng/10(6) NAC, P less than 0.005; IgG: 68 ng/10(6) PBM vs 922 ng/10(6) NAC, P less than 0.02). The LPS-induced response was found to be T cell dependent and could be readily suppressed by the addition of autologous adherent cells. Addition of indomethacin to LPS-stimulated PBM did not result in increased Ig secretion. The poor response of human blood B cells to LPS may be due to the suppressive effect of activated monocytes. PMID- 6211308 TI - Defective handling of mannan by monocytes in patients with chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis resulting in a specific cellular unresponsiveness. AB - Carbohydrate antigens from Candida albicans, essentially mannan, have previously been shown to persist in the serum of some patients with chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis, and to be able to inhibit specifically the candida antigen-induced proliferation of control lymphocytes. Lymphocytes from three out of six patients were shown to be hypersensitive to mannan inhibition. These data were explained by the demonstration of an apparently selective impairment of radiolabelled mannan handling by two patients' monocytes following a normal uptake. This defect was observed both in active and remission phases of the infection suggesting an intrinsic defect of patients' monocytes. In experiments performed with control lymphocytes, it was shown that mannan exerted its suppressive effect by interfering with candida antigen presentation by adherent cells to autologous T lymphocytes. Furthermore, mannan neither was cytotoxic nor induced suppressor T cells. Altogether, these data suggest that the in vivo persistance of mannan, in some patients, is secondary to a primary macrophage dysfunction leading to impairment of specific cellular immune responsiveness. PMID- 6211309 TI - T-chronic lymphocytic leukaemia presenting as primary hypogammaglobulinaemia- evidence of a proliferation of T-suppressor cells. AB - A 63 year old man with late onset hypogammaglobulinaemia is described. Splenectomy, carried out because of marked splenomegaly and pancytopenia, demonstrated marked T lymphocytic infiltration in the splenic red pulp with prominent germinal centres. A persistent peripheral blood and bone marrow lymphocytosis ensued (10 X 10(9)/l and 40% respectively) and this was consistent with T-chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (T-CLL). Over 88% of his blood lymphocytes were E+, OKT3+, OKT8+ and OKT11+; 54% of the T lymphocytes had receptors for IgG (T gamma cells). Functional studies showed that the T lymphocytes of this patient lacked killer and natural killer cell function but they effectively suppressed the differentiation of normal B cells in a PWM stimulated system. It is suggested that the T-CLL in this patient resulted from the proliferation of the T suppressor subset which was responsible for his hypogammaglobulinaemia. PMID- 6211311 TI - Human insulin specific suppressor factors. I. Induction, characteristics and comparison to murine factors. AB - Suppressor factors were produced from normal human peripheral blood mononuclear cells by culturing them in vitro with high doses of monocomponent pork or beef insulin. These factors were tested in vitro on mouse spleen cells, using cooperative cultures of pork insulin induced helper cells of BALB/c origin and normal BALB/c spleen B cells stimulated by DNP-pork insulin. The insulin suppressor factors abolishing pork insulin specific helper cell activity were, like other human antigen specific suppressor factors described, antigen specific, carried Ia-like (DR) determinants and the factor 'constant' region markers. Insulin suppressor factors, however, lacked analogue specificity i.e. pork insulin specific helper activity could be abolished by both pork and beef insulin induced suppressor factors. All individuals tested so far were able to produce equally efficient suppressor factor to pork and beef insulin. This is unlike insulin antibody production. The possibility that insulin antibody production and insulin suppression were under different genetic control and the possible explanations for the lack of analogue specificity are discussed. PMID- 6211310 TI - Cell-bound helper and suppressor factors in primate lymphocytes. AB - Cell-bound helper and suppressor factors, on lymphocytes from Rhesus monkeys, were assayed by the indirect immunofluorescent method, using F(ab')2 fragments of rabbit antisera to antigen specific secreted helper and suppressor factors. The rabbit antisera recognize the function related to the 'constant' region of secreted antigen specific helper or suppressor factor. Immunoadsorption studies suggest that the two antisera also recognize cell surface markers of helper or suppressor cell, for the activity of the anti-helper factor (HF) antiserum was adsorbed by cells from helper cell but not by suppressor cell induction cultures and the converse was found for the anti-suppressor factor (SF) antiserum. A significantly greater proportion of bound SF than HF was found in lymphocytes from controls and the converse or a greater proportion of HF and SF was found in lymphocytes from immunized monkeys. Furthermore, a significantly greater proportion of T-enriched cells bound anti-SF than anti-HF and the converse was found with T-depleted cells, suggesting that the assay detects the target cell as well as the cell of origin of these factors. A sequential in vitro comparison of cell-bound and secreted factors revealed that the highest number of cells which stained with anti-HF was on day 4 of the culture and this correlated with the highest secreted HF activity. However, cells which stained with anti-SF reached a peak on day 2, whereas maximal secreted SF activity was found on day 3. In vivo the kinetic relationships after immunization showed similar timings for the development of bound HF and SF, though the proportion of cells differed. However, the secreted HF after secondary immunization reached its highest level of activity on day 5, as compared with day 2 for cell bound HF. Both primary and secondary cellular but not antibody responses showed well defined bi-phasic responses and their significance as well as those of bound HF and SF in immunoregulation will need to be explored further. PMID- 6211312 TI - Characterization of immunoregulatory T cells during pregnancy by monoclonal antibodies. AB - T Lymphocyte subpopulations were characterized by means of monoclonal antibodies in 44 pregnant women at different stages of gestation, and in 45 healthy controls. In the pregnant subjects, there is a small but significant reduction of the whole circulating T Lymphocytes and of their T helper subset identified respectively by OKT3 and OKT4 monoclonal antibodies. There is no influence of pregnancy on the proportions of T cytotoxic-suppressor cells (OKT8 positive) nor of lymphocytes bearing Ia antigen. Low counts of circulating cells with a thymocyte phenotype (OKT6 positive) are found in the two groups of subjects. It is concluded that pregnancy has a marginal effect on maternal immunocompetence. PMID- 6211313 TI - Cell-mediated immune functions and immunoregulatory cells in Behcet's syndrome. AB - Lymphocyte responsiveness to mitogens (phytohaemagglutinin (PHA), concanavalin A (Con A), and pokeweed mitogen (PWM)), T-cell subsets (T mu and T gamma) and short lived suppressor cell activity were investigated in the peripheral blood of seven patients with Behcet's syndrome and compared to normal individuals and patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Amongst patients with Behcet's syndrome, responses to mitogens PHA and Con A were normal or slightly reduced; numbers of circulating T gamma cells were unaltered whereas T mu cells were reduced (P less than 0 . 05) compared with normal individuals. This was in contrast to SLE where a marked reduction in responses to PHA and Con A was found with reduced T gamma cell but normal T mu cell numbers. Although the mean suppressor cell activity in the Behcet's group was significantly reduced, all patients had values within the normal range, in contrast with SLE where the reduction was much more marked and most patients had values below the normal range. In conclusion, the pattern of alteration in T mu and T gamma cells in Behcet's syndrome is distinct from that in SLE, and the reduction of short-lived suppressor cell activity is only mild in Behcet's syndrome but marked in SLE. PMID- 6211314 TI - Characterization of immunoregulatory T lymphocytes during ageing by monoclonal antibodies. AB - Monoclonal antibodies of the OKT series were used to identify T lymphocytes (OKT3+) and their inducer (OKT4+) and suppressor-cytotoxic (OKT8+) subsets in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of 32 healthy old-aged people more than 70 years old (16 men and 16 women) compared to 47 adults (29 men, 18 women) less than 40 years old. The absolute lymphocyte count in the peripheral blood was not significantly influenced by age or sex. Both the proportions and the absolute numbers of T3+ and T4+ cells were significantly lower in aged than in young participants. The proportions but not the absolute counts of OKT8+ cells were higher in the elderly. Most interesting is the influence of sex and these parameters. Old women have normal numbers and proportions of T3+, T4+ and T8+ cells when compared to young women. The latter have a significantly higher proportion of T8+ cells than young adult males. Old men have a striking reduction of both the numbers and proportions of OKT3+ and OKT4+ cells when compared with young men and with women. In addition, old men have an elevated proportion, but a normal absolute number, of OKT8+ cells. The responses of PBMC to phytohaemagglutinin extent (PHA), concanavalin A (Con A) and pokeweed mitogen (PWM) are reduced to the same extent in ageing male and female subjects when compared to young adults. In the older group, the magnitude of the lymphocyte response to PHA and Con A but not to PWM is negatively correlated with the proportions of OKT8+ cells. Surprisingly, these correlations are observed only in old women but not in old men. The latter finding excludes the possibility that the age-associated decline of the lymphocyte response to T cell mitogens is secondary to an imbalance between T4+ and T8+ lymphocytes. PMID- 6211315 TI - Deficient autologous mixed lymphocyte reactions correlate with disease activity in systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis. AB - We have examined autologous mixed lymphocyte culture (AMLC) reactions in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), classical rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and in normal age and sex matched healthy control individuals. AMLC responses were found to be lower than the median of all controls and patients in 30 of 31 individuals with SLE and RA and in only 2 of 15 healthy controls. In both SLE and RA there was a statistically significant correlation of decreased AMLC reaction with disease activity. On an individual basis, there was no direct correlation between decreased AMLC reactivity, concomitant steroid therapy, or the occurrence of clinical or laboratory parameters of autoimmunity. PMID- 6211316 TI - Pharmacological modification of immunoregulatory T lymphocytes. I. Effect of adenosine, H1 and H2 histamine agonists upon T lymphocyte regulation of B lymphocyte differentiation in vitro. AB - Human peripheral blood T lymphocytes were fractionated according to the lability of their sheep red blood cell (E) receptors to theophylline. Theophylline sensitive (Ts) cells function as suppressors of pokeweed mitogen induced B cell differentiation into plasma cells, while theophylline resistant (Tr) cells function as helper/inducer cells in this reaction. The Ts fraction is enriched for cells bearing receptors for the Fc portion of IgG (RFc gamma) while the Tr fraction is depleted of RFc gamma bearing cells. Brief exposure of Tr cells to adenosine or impromidine, an H2 histamine agonist, cause a rapid increase in the number of Tr cells bearing RFc gamma and the development of radioresistant suppressor cell activity. The RFc gamma induced on Tr cells by adenosine or impromidine are more stable in culture than the spontaneously occurring RFc gamma on Ts cells. Ts suppressor activity is radiosensitive and exposure of Ts cells to 2(2-pyridyl)ethylamine, an H1 histamine agonist, results in a marked decrease in RFc gamma on Ts cells as well as loss of Ts suppressor activity. These data indicate that RFc gamma expression and the immunoregulatory function of T lymphocyte subsets may be modified by drugs acting upon adenosine, H1 and H2 histamine receptors. PMID- 6211317 TI - Modulation of the immune responses against SRBC after oestriol treatment in mice. AB - Delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH), primary direct and indirect PFC, memory antibody response and suppressor cell induction against sheep red blood cells (SRBC) have been examined in oestriol (E3) pretreated mice. The results showed that DTH and primary direct and indirect PFC responses were suppressed by E3 treatment. These suppressive effects could, however, be overcome when oestrogenized mice were given supra-optimal doses of SRBC for each response. On the other hand, the memory antibody response was markedly enhanced when E3 was given prior to the primary antigen stimulation. Induction of the suppressor cells for the antibody response seemed not to be affected by E3 treatment, but the characterization of the suppressor cells revealed that those obtained from E3 treated mice were surface immunoglobulin positive (sIg+) cells whereas those from control mice were not. These results were discussed in terms of the altered antigen distribution due to the activated phagocytic activity of the reticuloendothelial system (RES) after E3 treatment. PMID- 6211318 TI - Effect of cyclophosphamide on glomerular permeability and localization of immunoreactants in NZB/NZW mice. PMID- 6211319 TI - Serum androgen levels and the menstrual cycle in women with benign or malignant breast disease. PMID- 6211320 TI - Acid mucopolysaccharide participation in the localization of Ga-67. PMID- 6211321 TI - Radiation and risk for thyroid cancer: atypical findings of a community thyroid recall program. AB - Screening of 553 persons for thyroid disease by scan and physical exam was performed. Group I (245) had documented irradiation, with most (85%) receiving 300 R for lymphoid hyperplasia. Group II (308) had only a history of prior irradiation. Abnormal glands were found in 17 of 245 (7%) of Group I with 7 of 245 (3%) having nodular disease. No cancers were found in six of eight (75%) persons with nodular disease having surgery. Abnormal glands were found in 45/308 (14.6%) of Group II with 16/308 (5.2%) having nodular disease. Twelve of 16 (75%) with nodular disease from Group II had surgery and three thyroid cancers were found; in addition, one person from this group had a history of prior surgery for thyroid cancer. The incidence of thyroid cancer in Group I was 0%, Group II was 1.3%, and the combined incidence was 0.7%. The relatively low incidence of thyroid cancer observed is attributed to the relatively late average age at time of irradiation; 22 years for Group 1, 13 years for Group II. PMID- 6211322 TI - Accumulation of Tc-99m MDP in the spleen of a battered child. PMID- 6211323 TI - Amphotericin B therapy: a cause of increased renal uptake of Tc-99m MDP. PMID- 6211325 TI - Extreme upper airway obstruction with the Marshall syndrome. PMID- 6211324 TI - Adolescent behavior. PMID- 6211326 TI - Sympathomimetic drugs stimulate the output of secretory glycoproteins from human bronchi in vitro. AB - 1. We describe a method for supporting pieces of human bronchi in Ussing chambers, for radiolabelling the contents of the secretory cells with 35S, and for collecting radiolabelled macromolecules secreted on to the luminal aspect of the tissue. This method has previously been used to study airway secretions in animals [R. J. Phipps, J. A. Nadel & B. Davis, American Review of Respiratory Disease, (1980) 121, 359-365]. Evidence is given that the radiolabelled molecules are secretory glycoproteins, probably mucus glycoproteins. 2. Phenylephrine, an alpha-adrenoceptor agonist, increased the rate at which the bronchi secreted radiolabelled glycoproteins. Thymoxamine, an alpha-adrenoceptor antagonist, blocked this effect but propranolol, a beta-adrenoceptor antagonist, did not. 3. Dobutamine, a beta-adrenoceptor agonist, increased the rate of secretion of radiolabelled glycoproteins. Propranolol blocked this but thymoxamine did not. 4. Salbutamol, a beta 2-adrenoceptor agonist, also increased the rate of secretion of radiolabelled glycoproteins. Propranolol blocked this effect. 5. We conclude that both alpha- and beta- adrenoceptor agonists increase the rate of glycoprotein secretion in human bronchi in vitro and that this almost certainly means that they increase the rate of mucus secretion. PMID- 6211327 TI - Effects of inhalation of beta-sympathomimetic and atropine-like drugs on airway calibre in normal subjects. AB - 1. Bronchodilatation was produced in eight normal subjects by inhalation, on separate occasions, of the atropine-like drug ipratropium bromide (0.16 mg by pressurized inhaler; 1 mg nebulized) and the beta 2-sympathomimetic salbutamol (0.8 mg by pressurized inhaler; 5 mg nebulized). 2. Mean specific airways conductance (sGaw) increased from a mean value of 0.185 +/- SE 0.002 to 0.292 +/- 0.023 s-1 kPa-1 after ipratropium bromide, and from 0.184 +/- 0.020 to 0.303 +/- 0.026 s-1 kPa-1 after salbutamol. These increases in sGaw were not significantly different from each other. 3. During both maximal and partial expiratory flow volume manoeuvres similar increases in flow rates were produced by each drug, at all lung volumes, from 40 to 20% of vital capacity. 4. Changes in maximal and partial flow volume curves after washout of lung air with helium/oxygen (4:1) were measured before and after each drug. Flow rates increased in all subjects and the percentage increase in maximum flow when helium was breathed was not significantly different, when repeated after each drug. 5. Thus our results suggest that salbutamol and ipratropium have similar sites of action, both affecting both large and small airways, and produce similar degrees of bronchodilatation. This is supported by our results after the helium/oxygen breathing, where the lack of change in density dependence of maximal flow suggests that there was no change in the distribution of airways resistance after the drugs. PMID- 6211328 TI - Non-invasive investigation of vascular compression in patients with thoracic outlet syndrome. AB - Three hundred and seventy-seven patients with brachial pain and 63 controls have been examined regarding presence of symptomatic compression of the brachial plexus and subclavian vessels (Thoracic Outlet Syndrome = TOS). Each patient was examined clinically and by Doppler flowmetry. Two hundred and thirty (61%) had moderate to pronounced compression of the brachial plexus and 11 (2.9%) isolated compression of the subclavian artery or vein. One hundred and twenty-nine patients had symptoms not related to TOS. The prevalence of TOS was almost twice as common in women as in men, 1.76:1. The TOS patients were younger than the non TOS patients, P less than 0.05. There was a significant correlation between arterial compression measured by Doppler flowmetry and the presence of compression of the plexus, P less than 0.001. But the validity of this method was not satisfactory, giving both false positive and negative results. Furthermore, there was a very good correlation between arterial compression assessed clinically and by Doppler flowmetry, P less than 0.001. Thus, the diagnosis of TOS is still a clinical judgement, the Doppler technique adding very little and any significant vascular compression being easily detected by clinical assessment. PMID- 6211329 TI - Perfusion of the intervillous space of the human placenta measured with 99mtechnetium labelled human serum albumin. AB - The perfusion of the intervillous space of the human placenta was investigated with 99Tc-Human Serum Albumin and external counting in 45 pregnant women between the 34th and 38th week of gestation. The pregnancy was normal in 34 women, while there was placental insufficiency in 11. Two variables were calculated from the placenta curve: the placenta flow index (PFI) and the mean transit time (t) for plasma through the intervillous space. From double determinations, the coefficient of variation for PFI was calculated to 1.6%. For t it was 20%. PFI was significantly higher in the controls than in the patients with placental dysfunction (P less than 0.05). There was a significant correlation between PFI and t (rs = - 0.36, P less than 0.05). The plasma oestriol level and the PFI correlated significantly, whereas the correlation between t and the plasma oestriol level was not significant. The placenta flow index can be used to measure the physiological effect of a pharmacological treatment, bedrest or other treatments. PMID- 6211331 TI - [Dermatological therapy in pediatrics]. PMID- 6211330 TI - [Effects of a natural mucopolysaccharide-fibrinolytic complex on venous thrombosis and on the clearing factor]. PMID- 6211332 TI - Inhibition by suramin of oxidative phosphorylation in Crithidia fasciculata. AB - 1. The ADP plus Pi-stimulated oxidation of succinate by mitochondria from the insect trypanosomatid Crithidia fasciculata was maximally inhibited (64%) by suramin at a concentration (60 microM) which did not affect the electron transport uncoupled by FCCP. Inhibition of the latter required a considerably higher concentration of the drug, 50% inhibition being attained at about 0.8 mM. 2. ATP synthesis by mitochondrial particles was inhibited by suramin, 50% inhibition being attained at about 50 microM. This inhibition was strictly competitive towards ADP, but it was not linearly competitive, since a secondary plot of apparent Km values vs concentration of the drug was strongly concave upwards. 3. The FCCP-stimulated ATPase activity of the mitochondrial particles was completely abolished either by oligomycin (20 micrograms/ml) or by 200 microM suramin. 4. The results suggest that oxidative phosphorylation may be a primary target for the trypanocide effect of suramin on organisms having, like C. fasciculata, a well-developed respiratory chain. PMID- 6211333 TI - Experimental canine parvovirus infection in dogs. AB - In specific pathogen-free dogs, clinical signs of experimental canine parvovirus infection were mild, inconsistent and transient. Clinical signs were more pronounced in conventionally-raised dogs, but the severe disease reported in field cases was not reproduced in either group. A pronounced plasma viremia occurred on the 2nd to 4th day post-infection (d.p.i.) in dogs challenged oronasally. Antibody was detectable on the 5th d.p.i. Marked pyrexia was rare, but a significant temperature rise usually coincided with the appearance of antibody and the cessation of viremia. Significant lymphopenia, but not leukopenia, occurred on the 3rd to 7th d.p.i. Virus could be readily isolated from fecal matter on the 3rd to 8th d.p.i.; a few dogs continued to shed virus for up to 12 days. In dogs challenged parenterally, the onset of elevated temperatures, viral shed and antibody production occurred 24-48 hours sooner. Convalescent dogs were no longer contagious for susceptible contact animals 25 days or longer after challenge, although infectious virus persisted in feces for more than 6 months at room temperature. Active giardiasis seemed to exacerbate the clinical syndrome, although treatment with corticosteroids or anti-thymocyte serum did not. PMID- 6211334 TI - The heart as a target organ of immune injury. PMID- 6211335 TI - Congenital abdominal wall defects: gastroschisis and omphalocele. PMID- 6211336 TI - Expression of endogenous viral genes in mouse lymphocytes. PMID- 6211337 TI - The swift increase in alcohol metabolism. AB - Gastric intubation of female Sprague-Dawley rats with 5 g of ethanol/kg body wt doubled oxygen and ethanol uptake by the isolated perfused rat liver after only 2 5 h of treatment (Swift Increase in Alcohol Metabolism). Diminished ATP generation via glycolysis accounts for a portion of the increased oxygen uptake. These data indicate that at least part of the stimulated oxygen uptake after treatment with ethanol is a result of lower rates of glycolytic ATP generation resulting from hormone action. The ADP not phosphorylated in the cytocol enters the mitochondrion where it stimulates oxygen uptake. PMID- 6211338 TI - Anticholinergic therapy of asthma. PMID- 6211339 TI - "Acceptance" reassessed--a point of view. PMID- 6211340 TI - [Alkali neutralization and alkali resistance in persons with healthy skin and in eczema patients]. AB - Alkali resistance (AR) and alkali neutralisation (AN) time, according to Tronnier and Bussius, were measured at three month intervals on 77 people with healthy skin and compared with test results from 205 patients with occupational dermatitis for whom expert opinion had been given once or several times. It was established that AN and AR react independently of one another. No significant difference was noted in either of the groups with reference to sex, age, occupation and skin type, nor in the ill patients with reference to the duration of the dermatitis, reduction in earning capacity, sensitivity or state of illness at the time opinion was given. Both AN and AR changed usually in the course of occupational dermatitis, however not parallel to one another, nor in relation to the respective skin condition. An and AR results from the dermatitis patients are significantly worse than those from persons with healthy skin tested as comparison. 35% of the healthy persons had pathological AR. In spite of considerable variations in AN in individuals, a satisfactory reproduction of the test results was obtained both for the AN and AR in repeated investigations. PMID- 6211341 TI - Occupational contact dermatitis in the workers employed in production of Texas textiles. AB - Pathological changes in the skin, of allergic type, have been detected in 35 of 131 weavers, employed in the production of primarily texas textiles. Patch tests yielded in 21 patients positive results with cotton and texas textiles. Approximately 50% of positive results of dermal tests have been found to be induced by naphthol compounds added to dyes in the process of preliminary dying. Moreover, 2 cases of extensive hyperchromatism in persons concerned with the above mentioned textiles have been observed which, due to the treatment procedures and removed from work in exposure have partly subsided. PMID- 6211342 TI - [Hand dermatitis in medical personnel]. AB - Eczema (dermatitis) of the hands of medical personnel is a common skin disease. Occupational dermatitis of the hands arises from frequent contact with irritants and sensitizing agents. Differential diagnosis in hand eczema is usually only possible from the case history. One diagnostic tool is the screening of relevant contact allergies by patch-testing. The most frequent allergen in 114 cases of eczema of the hands in medical personnel between 1976 and 1980 at the Department of Dermatology and Allergology of the Municipal Hospital Schwabing in Munich was formaldehyde in 24 instances (i.e. 21%), thiuram mix in 18 (i.e. 16%) and nickel sulfate in 15 (i.e. 13%). PMID- 6211343 TI - [Frequency of contact allergy in housewives (author's transl)]. AB - A survey was taken of 616 housewives with a total of 1405 positive reactions in the patch tests. These women belong to a group of 3300 patients who showed contact allergic reactions in the patch test during the period between 1970 and 1974. The highest rate of sensitivity was found in the group of housewives in the age group over 60. The most common allergens of the housewives have been: p aminodiphenylamin. Peruvian balsam, lanolin alcohol. Specific differences between men and women in the allergen spectrum are the following: in men there was a strong tendency to be allergic to potassium dichromate, and in women the allergic tendency was to nickel sulphate. Among the housewives no special preference toward allergies to nickel sulphate and potassium dichromate was observed. PMID- 6211344 TI - [Taraxinic acid 1'-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside, the contact sensitizer of dandelion (Taraxacum officinale Wiggers) (author's transl)]. PMID- 6211345 TI - [Psoriasis and haemodialysis: changes in plasma hormone concentration as a possible therapeutic mechanism (author's transl)]. AB - Free dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), DHEA sulphate, testosterone, LH and FSH were measured in plasma from 67 patients with renal disease before and after haemodialysis or haemofiltration. Plasma concentration of the steroid hormones was lower in patients with renal failure than in normal controls, while that of the gonadotrophic hormones was elevated. After haemodialysis or haemofiltration DHEA sulphate level in plasma decreased, free DHEA increased significantly reaching almost the initial value of the control group. There was no change in concentration of the other steroid and gonadotrophic hormones. The likely mechanism is that haemodialysis removes DHEA deficiency in patients with psoriasis which is assumed to be an aetiopathogenetic factor in the disease. PMID- 6211346 TI - [Improvement in the longitudinal growth in Ullrich-Turner syndrome with oxandrolone. Function of urinary excretion of steroid hormones]. AB - Urinary excretion of steroid hormone metabolites pregnandiol, pregnantriol, aetiocholanolone, dehydroepiandrosterone and androsterone of 20 patients with Turner's syndrome was measured by gas chromatography. In some of the patients urinary excretion did not reach the minimal value obtained in a control group. Sixteen of these patients were given an average daily dose of 0.1 mg oxandrolone/kg body-weight. Mean value for bone age, after an average treatment duration of 17.3 months (s = 9.7), increased by 12.6 months (s = 12.7). Growth rate was 5.9 cm (s = 1.9) per year. Androsterone and dehydroepiandrosterone excretion in patients in whom the chronological age/bone age ratio had worsened, was more than double that in patients in whom it had improved. Measurement of the urinary excretion of dehydroepiandrosterone and androsterone thus seems to be of prognostic value in the treatment of Turner's syndrome with androgens. PMID- 6211347 TI - [Catheter dilatation in peripheral arterial occlusive disease]. PMID- 6211348 TI - The influence of age on the gastrointestinal absorption of mercuric chloride and methyl mercury chloride in the rat. PMID- 6211349 TI - Inhibition of mixed leukocyte culture responses in cadmium-treated mice. PMID- 6211350 TI - Effect of induced back pain on gait and performance of trotting horses. AB - Back pain was induced in Standardbred horses by multiple intramuscular injections of a concentrated lactic acid solution into the left longissimus dorsi muscle. The investigation was divided into 2 parts. In Stage 1, 2 trotters were exercised on a treadmill and filmed by high speed cinematography before and after the induction of back pain. No signs of hindlimb lameness were evident and no quantitative changes in the components of the gait resulted, but a noticeable reduction was seen in performance capacity. Stage 2 involved a more intensive clinical and cinematic analysis of 3 horses. In these animals some changes were detected in the stride pattern, but no obvious gait disturbance was produced. The principal effect was stiffness in the thoracolumbar spine and an inability to perform at fast paces. PMID- 6211351 TI - The load on the lumbo-sacral joint and trunk muscle activity during lifting. PMID- 6211352 TI - Studies on the alkali light chains of vertebrate skeletal muscle myosin. Effect of tyrosyl modification on the ability to reassociate to heavy chains. AB - The structures of the alkali light chain subunits A1 and A2 have been studied by examining the effect of the conformationally sensitive reagent tetranitromethane, which reacts specifically with tyrosyl residues. Whereas reaction in the presence of 6 M guanidine hydrochloride results in modification of the three tyrosyl residues of both these light chains, only two tyrosyl residues are exposed to the reagent in the native conformations of these proteins. By gel chromatography of the CNBr-cleaved chains it was demonstrated that the two reactive tyrosyls are those located in the CB-1 and CB-3 segments and that these tyrosyl residues are modified simultaneously and not sequentially. The unreactive tyrosyl residue is in the CB-6 segment and is separated by two residues from the single cysteinyl residue of these chains. It is found that the modified light chains cannot be made to reassociate with the heavy chains by the NH4Cl hybridization procedure of Wagner and Weeds [J. Mol. Biol. 109, 455-470 (1977)] or by the thermal hybridization procedure [Burke and Sivaramakrishnan (1981) Biochemistry 20, 5908 5913]. Furthermore, reduction of the nitrotyrosyl groups to aminotyrosyl residues by sodium dithionite does not restore this effect. The data suggest that regions of the light chains at CB-1 and CB-3 are involved in the association to the heavy chains. PMID- 6211353 TI - Glycogen synthase from rabbit skeletal muscle. State of phosphorylation of the seven phosphoserine residues in vivo in the presence and absence of adrenaline. PMID- 6211354 TI - Fibre autoradiography of repair and replication in DNA from single cells: the effect of DNA synthesis inhibitors. AB - DNA fibre autoradiography, after incorporation of high specific activity 3H thymidine and 3H-deoxycytidine, has been used to investigate repair in DNA fibres from single cells following UV, or methyl-methane sulphonate (MMS) treatment. Asynchronously growing human fibroblasts, leucocytes, and HeLa cells at different phases of the cell cycle have been investigated. Isotope incorporation in repair could be differentiated from that involved in replication by the distribution and density of silver grains along the DNA fibres. Grain distribution due to repair was continuous over long stretches of the fibres and was at a low density, occasionally interspersed with short slightly denser segments. Replication labelling on the other hand, was dense and usually in short tandem segments. Repair labelling was of a similar overall density in fibres from a single cell, but differed in intensity from cell to cell. In mutagen treated Go (leucocytes) or G1 (HeLa cells), repair labelling was not increased by the presence of the DNA inhibitors, hydroxyurea (HU) or 5-fluorodeoxyuridine (FUdR). Repair was not detectable in S cells however, without the use of these inhibitors to reduce endogenous nucleoside production. FUdR enhanced the repair labelling in S cells only slightly, while HU increased it beyond that observed in UV irradiated, HU treated, G1 cells. The intensity of repair labelling in fibres from mutagen treated S cells appears to be proportional to the degree of reduction of DNA chain elongation in replicons. PMID- 6211356 TI - Adrenal chromaffin granules: evidence for an ultrastructural equivalent of the proton-pumping ATPase. AB - Adrenal chromaffin granules are known to possess an F1-ATPase which according to biochemical criteria is very similar to the mitochondrial one. To find a morphological equivalent for this enzyme chromaffin granules from bovine adrenal medullar were subjected to negative staining and freeze-etching. With both methods globular particles of 8 to 9 min diameter could be demonstrated on the surface of these organelles. A single granule possessed on average 22 particles. In negative staining the particles appeared separated from the membrane by a stalk of 8 nm. This typical morphological appearance was independent from a great variety of experimental procedures. After freeze-etching the particles were closely apposed to the membrane without any evidence for an interposed stalk. Pretreatment of chromaffin granules with pronase or trypsin led to a time dependent disappearance of the surface particles. In negative staining the stalked of chromaffin granules were found to be very similar in structure and size to those of mitochondria which have already been identified as F1-complexes. Based on this observation and other lines of evidence we suggest that the stalk particles found on the surface of chromaffin granules represent the F1-complex of the proton-pumping ATPase of these organelles. PMID- 6211355 TI - Differentiation of the myofibrils and the intermediate filament system during postnatal development of the rat heart. AB - The differentiation of the myofibrils and the intermediate filament system during postnatal development of the rat heart has been investigated. Several aspects of some of the structural proteins, that means the intermediate filament subunit skeletin, myosin, and the myofibrillar M-line proteins MM-creatine kinase and myomesin have been studied by using gel electrophoresis as well as enzyme and immunohistochemical techniques in combination with electron microscopy of both plastic and cryosectional material. We show that marked changes take place in the organization of the intermediate filament system and in the contractile apparatus, both in atria and in ventricles of the rat heart during postnatal development. In the newborn rats no dense myofibrillar M-bands were present in the M-region and the sarcomeric bands were irregular while in the four-week-old rats dense M-bands composed of a set of five crossbridges interconnecting the thick filaments were present. The sarcomeric bands were now regular. These observations are related to the presence of different isomyosins in the atria and in the ventricles of the newborn and the four-week-old rats, to the observation that MM-creatine kinase was only present in the M-region in the four-week old rats and to the physiological maturation of the heart. PMID- 6211357 TI - Left ventricular wall thickness and plasma catecholamines in borderline and stable essential hypertension. PMID- 6211358 TI - Preparation of HSA microspheres in a one-step thermal denaturation of protein aerosol carried in gas-medium. AB - A simple, one-step method of preparation of human albumin microspheres by thermal denaturation of protein aerosol in a gas medium is described. These microspheres were easily labelled with technetium-99m and iodine-131, and were characterized by short biological clearance and high lung uptake. PMID- 6211360 TI - Effect of medroxyprogesterone acetate on DMBA-induced rat mammary carcinoma and on immunological reactivity. AB - The antineoplastic activity of medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) was investigated in rats bearing DMBA-induced mammary carcinomas, a classical model of hormone dependent tumor. Using a repeated injection schedule of relatively short duration, MPA was markedly effective (80% CR + PR) not only on relatively small (1-1.5 cm) tumors but also on advanced (4.5-5.5 cm) neoplasms. MPA effectiveness was comparable to that of a frankly toxic adriamycin regimen. In antitumorally effective schedules MPA was incapable of significantly affecting in either direction cellular and humoral immunological reactivities in rodents. PMID- 6211359 TI - Detection of platelet consumption in aortic graft with 111In-labeled platelets. AB - Increased platelet consumption in two patients with aortic graft was detected by scintiphotography using 111In-labeled autologous platelets. There was shortened platelet survival time in these patients. These findings might suggest that platelet consumption in aortic prosthesis is related to thrombogenesis. PMID- 6211361 TI - N-(phosphonacetyl)-L-aspartate (PALA) in advanced breast cancer: a phase II trial of the EORTC breast cancer cooperative group. AB - Twenty-nine evaluable patients with extensively pretreated breast cancer received PALA, a new pyrimidine antimetabolite. The drug was given by intravenous infusion over 60 min, at a daily dose of 2.5 g/m2 for 2 consecutive days. Courses were repeated at 2-week intervals and doses were escalated to toxicity. Two objective partial remissions were observed, lasting for 3 and 4.5 months respectively. Toxic effects were dose-related and consisted mainly of mucocutaneous manifestations, i.e., skin rashes, stomatitis, diarrhea, conjunctivitis and corneal ulcerations. Evidence of antitumor potential in far-advanced disease and lack of myelosuppression point to the need for additional trials of PALA in a more favorable selection of patients with breast cancer. PMID- 6211362 TI - N-(phosphonacetyl)-L-aspartate (PALA) in advanced soft tissue sarcoma: a phase II trial of the EORTC soft tissue sarcoma group. AB - Thirty-six patients with measurable or evaluable advanced soft tissue sarcoma were entered in a phase II trial with PALA. Among the 27 evaluable patients, 15 were men, the median age was 55 yr (16-69) and the median performance status (Karnofsky) was 80 (50-100). Most patients had leiomyosarcoma (8), liposarcoma (3), neurofibrosarcoma (3), synovial cell sarcoma (3), or undifferentiated sarcoma (3). Indicator lesions consisted essentially of lung metastases (21) and/or soft tissue lesions (14). All patients had received prior chemotherapy with 1-5 regimens and 6 had achieved objective response with these previous treatments. PALA was given as a 60-min i.v. infusion at a daily dose of 2.5 g/m2 for two consecutive days. Courses were repeated every two weeks. A median number of 3 courses (2-17) were administered. Partial remission (greater than 50%) was obtained in one patient with a liposarcoma who had also responded to prior combination chemotherapy. This single response to PALA lasted 6 weeks from initiation of therapy. Four patients had unchanged disease after 6+ courses of PALA and 22 had progressive disease. Toxic effects were generally mild to moderate and included cutaneous toxicity (17), diarrhea (14), stomatitis (13), ocular manifestations, consisting of conjunctivitis, corneal ulceration and/or photophobia (11), nausea and vomiting (6) and, possibly, seizures (2). There was no evidence of drug-related myelosuppression. It is concluded that PALA given at the dose schedule selected for this trial has no significant antitumor activity in advanced soft tissue sarcoma previously treated with chemotherapy. PMID- 6211363 TI - Murine leukemia. Proposed role for gangliosides in immune suppression. AB - Glycolipid-bound sialic acid levels were elevated 2 to 4-fold in the sera of two strains of mice bearing thymic lymphoma produced either spontaneously (AKR/J) or due to chemical carcinogenesis [Swiss mice injected with 5-(3,3-dimethyl-1 triazeno)imidazole-4-carboximide]. The serum glycolipid-bound sialic acid level reflected the tumor burden of the AKR/J mice during the early stages of leukemogenesis. Furthermore, the elevation was found to coincide with the ontogenesis of thymic lymphoma and not to be simply an age-dependent phenomenon. TLC analysis of Florisil column-purified gangliosides from the sera of AKR/J and Swiss mice suggested presence of gangliosides with mobilities very close to GM2 and GM3 standards respectively. On the premise that the elevated glycolipid levels in circulation might interfere with normal lymphocyte functions, the immunoinhibitory properties of exogenously added mixed gangliosides were examined on tests of in vitro correlates of the immune response. Gangliosides inhibited concanavalin A and lipopolysaccharide-induced [3H]-thymidine, [14C]-leucine and [3H]-lysine uptake by normal AKR/J mouse thymocytes and spleen cells. Mixed gangliosides also suppressed the two-way mixed lymphocyte reaction of AKR/J X Swiss and AKR/J X DBA/2 spleen cells. These and other results strongly suggest a general immunologically relevant role for gangliosides in the ontogeny of thymic lymphoma of mice. PMID- 6211365 TI - Enhancement of vitreous clot lysis by urokinase: mode of action. PMID- 6211364 TI - Inorganic phosphate is necessary for the stimulation of DNA synthesis in swiss 3T3 cells by pure mitogenic agents. PMID- 6211366 TI - Activity pattern of muscle stretch receptors at the beginning of muscular reflex contraction and its relation to the silent period. PMID- 6211367 TI - Enzyme histochemical changes after transection or hemisection of the spinal cord of the rat. PMID- 6211368 TI - Plasmodium knowlesi: glycolytic intermediate levels of enzyme activities of infected rhesus monkey erythrocytes. PMID- 6211369 TI - Regulation of lymphokine production in peripheral blood mononuclear cell cultures. AB - An increase in the production of macrophage migration inhibitory factor, chemotactic factor for neutrophils, and skin reactive factor, was observed in lymphocyte cultures if the cells were allowed to age in culture for 24 h. The increased lymphokine production was reduced by adding concanavalin A-stimulated and mitomycin C-treated suppressor cells. It is suggested that the lymphokine production could be regulated by suppressive mononuclear cells. PMID- 6211370 TI - Effects of proteolytic fragmentations on the activity of the mitochondrial natural ATPase inhibitor. PMID- 6211371 TI - Pathways to inflammation induced by immune complexes: development of the Arthus reaction. AB - The changes associated with inflammation induced by immune complexes (reversed passive Arthus reaction induced with egg albumin-anti-egg albumin) were quantitated and the kinetics of the various vascular phenomena were ascertained. Hyperemia, increase in vascular permeability, platelet accumulation, and polymorphonuclear (PMN) leukocyte accumulation occurred relatively early after induction of the inflammatory lesions, and peaked in 2-4 h. Hemorrhage peaked in 6-h-old lesions. Morphological studies confirmed that almost all infiltrating cells were PMN leukocytes and immunofluorescent tracer studies showed immune complexes in vessel walls as early as 15 min after i.v. injection of the fluoresceinated antigen and the intradermal injection of antibody. By 8 h the progression of the lesions had subsided and by 24 h there were signs of resolution. A pathway for the development of the inflammatory lesions induced with immune complexes is proposed. PMID- 6211372 TI - [Work of the health center sector of a city paramedical worker council]. PMID- 6211373 TI - [Wall newspapers and health bulletins in health propaganda]. PMID- 6211374 TI - An extended regimen of clomiphene citrate in women unresponsive to standard therapy. AB - An extended regimen of clomiphene consisting of 250 mg of clomiphene for 8 days followed by the administration of 10,000 IU of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) 6 days later was administered to 13 oligomenorrheic women who had previously failed to ovulate when treated with 250 mg of clomiphene for 5 days and hCG. Eight of these 13 women ovulated. Their postovulatory mean progesterone (P) level 7 days after hCG was 16 +/- 2 ng/ml. Three pregnancies occurred during 25 treatment cycles. Posttreatment estrogen levels were higher when women were treated for 8 days than for 5 days. Women ovulating after 8 days of treatment had increased concentrations of luteinizing hormone (LH) and testosterone (T) prior to hCG administration and higher pretreatment levels of estrogen and T, compared with women who did not ovulate. Changes in the timing of hCG administration may induce ovulation in some women who fail to ovulate when hCG is given on day 14. Because this 8-day regimen of clomiphene and hCG was successful in more than 50% of women failing to ovulate after 5 days, this regimen should be used prior to human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG) therapy. PMID- 6211375 TI - Liquefaction of viscous semen. PMID- 6211376 TI - [Dermatoses rom photo-chemicals (author's transl)]. PMID- 6211377 TI - [Testing formaldehyde and mercuric (II) chloride in vaseline]. PMID- 6211378 TI - [In-vivo testing of antiinflammatory effects caused by 13-cis-retinoic acid (author's transl)]. PMID- 6211380 TI - Two years' experience with Tigason treatment of pustulosis palmo-plantaris and eczema keratoticum manuum. PMID- 6211379 TI - Double-blind evaluation of a miconazole - benzoyl peroxide combination for the topical treatment of acne vulgaris. PMID- 6211382 TI - Autologous Mixed-lymphocyte reaction and inflammatory bowel disease. PMID- 6211381 TI - Inactivation of phosphofructokinase in chicken hepatocytes by epinephrine. AB - The effects of epinephrine on phosphofructokinase activity in hepatocytes from fed chickens were studied in crude extracts and after partial purification. The mechanism of epinephrine action was elucidated by use of phentolamine and penbutulol. Phosphofructokinase activity was decreased in extracts of cells exposed to epinephrine when measured at sub-saturating as well as saturating concentrations of fructose 6-phosphate. This effect was still present after filtration through Sephadex G25 gel and a subsequent precipitation with ammonium sulfate. Half-maximal effects of epinephrine were found in a concentration range between 10(-8) and 10(-7) M epinephrine. The effect of epinephrine was unaffected by Ca2+ or the alpha-adrenergic antagonist phentolamine, and was abolished by the beta-adrenergic antagonist penbutulol. We assume that the effects of epinephrine on the activity of chicken liver phosphofructokinase are mediated by a cAMP dependent mechanism which cannot be explained by concentration shifts of low molecular-mass substances such as fructose 2,6-bisphosphate. PMID- 6211383 TI - Biopsy diagnosis of cirrhosis: blind percutaneous versus guided direct vision techniques--a review. PMID- 6211384 TI - Relative diagnostic accuracy of laparoscopy and liver scanning techniques. PMID- 6211385 TI - Comparison between laparoscopy, ultrasonography, and computed tomography in widespread and localized liver diseases. AB - The diagnostic accuracy of computed tomography (CT) and ultrasonography (US) in various liver disease in comparison with laparoscopy is evaluated. The diagnostic reliability of CT and US is higher in localized than in widespread hepatic disorders. US is more valuable than CT in the diagnosis of diffuse hepatic lesions. The diagnostic accuracy is similar in localized lesions of neoplastic type. Laparoscopy is the most reliable tool in the diagnosis of widespread liver disease with the exception of fully developed cirrhosis or severe steatosis. In focal neoplastic disease CT and US can be dependably employed when the histological type of the cancer is not required. PMID- 6211386 TI - Clinical applications of laparoscopy in patients with malignant neoplasms. PMID- 6211387 TI - [Importance of the cell membrane for the sequestration of aged erythrocytes]. AB - The erythrocyte membrane is an important cell organelle which determines the intravital life time of the cell in a decisive way. Their mechanic properties are closely connected with the metabolism of the cells. Increasing disturbance of the cellular metabolism especially in the course of biological aging leads to enhanced cell rigidity. It is supposed that the decreased elasticity of the aged erythrocytes in critical regions of the blood circulation (capillaries with a diameter of 2.5 to 3.0 micrometers) leads to pressure induced vesiculation and spherocytosis. It is possible that also IgG-receptors are demarked by this process. After passing a threshold concentration as immunobiological signals increased irreversible binding of IgG induces the sequestration of the erythrocytes by the erythrocyte destructing system. PMID- 6211388 TI - [Demonstration of ATPase activity in skeletal muscle fibers of the triceps muscle of arm in white rats during development]. AB - On the base of modified calcium and method from Zebe and Falk (1964) for demonstration of ATPase activity results at the long head of the triceps muscle of white rats aged 1, 3, 6 weeks and 3 month were shown. This method is proper to make visible alteration of the localisation of the reaction product during the postnatal development. Further investigations are necessary in order to correlate the steps of differentiation of muscle fibres with the strength of ATPase activity. PMID- 6211389 TI - [Cartilage channels of the human patella up to birth]. AB - In the human patella from the 4th month up to the birth were examined contents and surrounding structures of vascular channels. Except the articular area the cartilage of the patella is covered by the perichondrium. From here mesenchym and blood vessels enter, and penetrate into the cartilage by forming channels. Dependent on the stages of development the construction of cartilage around the channels is different in comparison with other territories. The findings will be compared with the results from the channels in the cartilaginous anlage of different bones. PMID- 6211390 TI - Protors--an integrated theory on the regulation of proliferation, oncogenesis, and aging. AB - Growth factors, chalones, mitogen and mitodepressive hormones, retine, promine and other compounds, controlling cellular multiplication are investigated separately at different fields of biomedicine. To promote their mutual research, integration and common nomenclature protor is suggested as collective term for the different regulators of proliferation. The coherent comprehension of protors offers a possibility to unified explanation of cell proliferation, oncogenesis, and ageing. Carcinogenesis takes place by lack of inhibitory, or overproduction of stimulatory protors, caused by somatic mutation of regulatory genes. Ageing is characterized or may be influenced by the altered concentration of protors in static, expanding and renewing populations. PMID- 6211391 TI - Mutants affecting amino acid cross-pathway control in Neurospora crassa. PMID- 6211392 TI - Isolation and fine structure organisation of an avian vitellogenin gene coding for the major estrogen-inducible mRNA. AB - Two phage lambda recombinant DNA clones covering the entire sequence of an avian vitellogenin gene, plus flanking regions, have been isolated from an erythrocyte DNA gene library and characterized by R-loop and restriction mapping. The total length of this avian vitellogenin gene is 23 kb. The cloned sequences flanking the gene at the 5' and 3' end are 7 and 3 kb, respectively. The total length of exons in the two clones is 6.7 kb (vitellogenin mRNA is 6.6 kb). The gene is interrupted by at least 25 introns with a mean intron length of 940 bp. Some 6- 10 additional very small introns may also be present but they were not observed reproducibly. The mean exon length is 250 bp. Restriction endonuclease digests of total liver genomic DNA and lambda recombinant DNA were also analyzed by electrophoresis. Southern blotting and hybridization with cloned vitellogenin cDNA. The results show an identity of organisation of this vitellogenin in the DNA from the two sources, thus ruling out a possible cloning artifact. In contrast to Xenopus vitellogenin we have found no evidence to suggest that avian vitellogenin is encoded by a small family of related genes. PMID- 6211393 TI - Antitermination and termination functions of the cloned nutL, N, and tL1 modules of coliphage lambda. AB - A plasmid containing a pp-galK operon was constructed to assay galK expression as a measure of transcriptional regulation by the cloned nutL, N and tL1 modules in a Rho+, Nus+ Escherichia coli host. Insertion of tL1 and rut, both carried on a lambda fragment located between the bamHI site and gene N, between the promoter and galK reduced expression of galK by 80--90%. Gene N alone, when controlled by pp, stimulated galK expression by about two-fold. Cloning of both gene N and nutL in the proper orientation resulted in about a 60% decrease in the tL1 termination. Additional tandem nutL sites increased efficiency of antitermination. A shortened nutL segment, containing only 25 bp of the original genomic nutL sequence, was found to have nearly equal ability to bring about antitermination. If the orientation of the nutL fragment is reversed, antitermination is abolished and the insert now displays a termination function. Termination efficiency is 60 to 73% for one to four tandem nutL modules in reverse orientation. Similarly, the inverted N module acts as a terminator, with 67% efficiency for one and 90% for two tandem inserts. Termination by inverted nutL or N fragments is probably unrelated to their normal functions, but indicates a fortuitous presence of a terminator sequence in the inverted orientation. PMID- 6211394 TI - Cosmid DNA packaging in vivo. AB - The packaging of cosmid DNA into phage particles during phage lambda growth is described. Evidence is presented supporting the work of others that cosmid transducing phages contain linear multimers of cosmid DNA in which the number of cosmid copies is that required to make a packagable DNA length (greater than 0.77 of the lambda DNA length). The yield of cosmid transducing phages declines sharply as the number of cosmid copies required to make a packagable DNA length increases. The cosmid DNA replication that produces the packaging substrate shares with lambda rolling-circle replication a dependence on the lambda gam gene product. PMID- 6211395 TI - Leftward transcription in the Escherichia coli bio operon does not require products of the rightward transcript. AB - The amount of leftward transcription in the Escherichia coli bio operon, as measured by hybridization and by beta-galactosidase assays in lac-bio fusion strains, was determined in bacteria lysogenic for lambda bio phage carrying different amounts of DNA corresponding to rightward message, and in bacteria with polar or nonpolar bioB mutations. The positions of the bioB endpoints in relation to the pB promoter were determined by electron microscopy of heteroduplexes. Normal rates of leftward transcription were found in all cases, except that the shortest lambda bio (lambda bio showed a 2- to 3-fold increase in leftward transcription, which was not abolished by the presence of a wild-type bio operon in trans. These results indicate that no product of the rightward transcript is needed to turn on leftward transcription. PMID- 6211396 TI - [Physiological and hygienic characteristics of the work of female weavers in modern woolen cloth manufacture]. PMID- 6211397 TI - [Occupational hygiene problems of surgeons in Uzbekistan]. PMID- 6211399 TI - Platelet thromboxane synthesis and release reactions in myeloproliferative disorders. AB - A group of patients with myeloproliferative disorders was studies with respect to platelet aggregation responses, release of beta-thromboglobulin and incorporated 5-hydroxy-tryptamine, and synthesis of thromboxane b 2. In all patients the resting plasma beta-thrombo-globulin was elevated. Aggregation responses were frequently impaired to adrenaline, arachidonic acid, A23187 and the prostaglandin endoperoxide analogue, U44069. Both 5-hydroxy-tryptamine and beta-thromboglobulin release were greater with patients' platelets than with those of controls in response to adrenaline, ADP and U44069. The patients' platelets produced more thromboxane B2 than did controls, irrespective of the agonist used, yet those aggregating agents which are thought to act by generating thromboxane A2 were relatively ineffective in causing aggregation. This might reflect resistance to thromboxane A2 action in these patients, which is met by increased thromboxane formation. PMID- 6211398 TI - The role of platelet surface proteins reacting with heterologous antibodies. AB - Platelets were labeled with surface-labelling agents which identified up to six platelet membrane proteins. Three of these labelled proteins were recognised by a specific anti-platelet membrane serum by immunoprecipitation. Affinity fractionation of platelets with insolubilised IgG obtained from the anti-platelet membrane serum indicated a greater reaction between the antiserum and the platelet surface. Fab fragments from the antiserum inhibited ristocetin-induced aggregation of platelets and partially inhibited collagen-induced aggregation but did not affect ADP aggregation. Crossed immunoelectrophoresis of platelets using the anti-platelet membrane serum showed that the antiserum was specific for platelet membranes. PMID- 6211400 TI - Relationship between the composition of phospholipids and respiratory activity of choline-deficient mutants of Neurospora crassa. AB - Phosphatidylcholine is one of the most frequent phospholipid components of the inner mitochondrial membrane of Neurospora crassa. Quantitative analysis of phosphlipids of the wild strain of Neurospora crassa and of its two cho mutants showed that these strains did not significantly differ in the content of phosphatidylcholine. Mutants cultivated in a medium without choline contained, as compared with the wild strain, an increased amount of phosphatidylserine and a decreased quantity of phosphatidic acid. Respiratory activity increased and sensitivity to inhibitors of respiration changed. It is likely that the presence of choline in the growth medium exerts a regulatory effect on the cell metabolism of these mutants. PMID- 6211401 TI - Oral port constriction and pressure-airflow relationships during sibilant productions. PMID- 6211402 TI - [Social medicine problems of acute and chronic viral hepatitis. Disease risk, prevention and evaluation]. PMID- 6211403 TI - [Effect of hormonal contraceptives containing 0.05 mg ethinyl estradiol and 0.125 mg desogestrel in normophasic regimen (Oviol)]. AB - This evaluation is based on data obtained from a multicentre trial in which to date 953 women have used the tested oral contraceptive for a total of 15,737 cycles (average 16.5 cycles, maximum 40). The contraceptive is a combination of an estrogen (ethinylestradiol) and a progestogen (desogestrel). It is designed to be used in 28-day cycles: 22 days of tablet-taking followed by 6 tablet-free days during which a withdrawal bleeding may normally be expected to occur. On days 1-7 the dose in 50 micrograms ethinylestradiol, and on days 8-22 it is 50 micrograms ethinylestradiol + 125 micrograms desogestrel. This trial shows the described oral contraceptive to be highly effective. No pregnancies occurred when the tablets were taken as directed: one pregnancy occurred in a cycle in which two tablets were missed and in which there was also an acute bout of gastroenteritis. No serious side effects occurred, and the incidence of minor complaints which arose was lower than during a non-treated control cycle. Cycle regularity was exceptionally good. Withdrawal bleedings occurred in 97.6% of the treated cycles. Spottings occurred in 3%, and breakthrough bleedings in 2.1%. These facts combine to suggest that the tested oral contraceptive is highly effective, safe, and very acceptable. PMID- 6211404 TI - FDA approves new antibiotic for surgical infections, meningitis. PMID- 6211405 TI - Immunoreactivity of long lived H-2 incompatible irradiation chimeras (H-2d leads to H-2b). AB - Allogenic irradiations bone marrow chimeras made according to a new protocol with unmanipulated bone marrow are long lived, healthy and stable full chimeras (H-2d leads to H-2b). Their immunocompetence is split. Alloreactivity measured by skin graft rejection and mixed lymphocyte culture is within normal range. In contrast, major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-restricted T-cell-dependent primary responses against sheep red blood cells (SRBC) or viruses are clearly deficient. The quantitative difference in immunocompetence is at least of the order of ten to thirty-fold. The implications of the findings for lymphohaemopoietic reconstitution of immunodeficient patients are briefly discussed. PMID- 6211406 TI - Allospecific T-cell lines with functional activities. AB - A T-lymphocyte line and sublines from it reactive with Class II MHC alloantigens have been examined for proliferative responses and helper activity in vitro and in vivo. Both the parent cell line and its derived sublines recognize alloantigenic determinants encoded for by the I-A subregion of the H-2 complex in a proliferative assay, and have regulatory activity for allogeneic and syngeneic B cells in two different helper systems. The in vitro selected cell populations are approximately twenty-fold more active in functional helper assays than populations selected in vivo by priming. Differential analysis of the patterns of proliferative responses of sublines against allogeneic I-A molecules on different backgrounds indicates that one type of selected cells reacts preferentially to MHC molecules presented on the background used for selection. PMID- 6211407 TI - Activation of human monocytes by both human beta 1H and C3b. PMID- 6211408 TI - The immunoregulatory role of bone marrow. III. Further characterization of the suppressor cell and its mode of action. AB - In vitro primary antibody responses of spleen cells can be suppressed in a dose dependent manner by the addition of bond marrow cells (BMC). This suppression was not abrogated by treatment of BMC with anti-Thy 1, anti-Lyt nor with anti-I-J antisera and complement. Furthermore, preculture of BMC with the synthetic thymic pentapeptide (TP5) or Soluble Thymic Factor (STF) before anti-Thy-1 treatment was similarly ineffective in removing the suppressor cell activity. Similarly, treatment of BMC with polyvalent anti-immunoglobulin serum or anti-Ia antiserum and complement failed to remove the suppressor activity. However, preparations of anti-H-2 and anti-stem-cell antisera were capable of significantly decreasing the suppressive ability of BMC. BMC were also shown to be capable of suppressing antibody responses induced by the polyclonal activators dextran sulphate (DxS), lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and purified protein derivative from tubercle bacilli (PPD). The non-specificity of this suppressor coupled with the absence of well defined antigen on its surface may suggest that this cell represents a basic level of immune regulation. PMID- 6211409 TI - H-2-associated differences in replicated strains of mice divergently selected for body weight. AB - A random-bred strain (Q) was established and divided into six replicates. Each replicate was divergently selected for 6-week weight (for over 30 generations) and each had an unselected control. We have investigated the H-2 haplotype of individual mice of the 18 selected Q strains to determine whether selection for size had also selected for H-2 or H-2-linked genes. From the results it appeared that only the H2b and H-2q haplotypes were present in the foundation stock. A large number of individuals of the six small sublines were of H-2b haplotype, while the majority of those of the six large sublines were of the H-2q haplotype. Individuals in the six control strains were H-2b, H-2q or both (i.e., H-2 heterozygotes and/or H-2 recombinants). These results suggest that control of body size is associated with H-2 or an H-2-linked gene(s). PMID- 6211410 TI - Corpulmonale due to laryngomalacia in Down's syndrome. PMID- 6211412 TI - Disability: prevention or containment. PMID- 6211411 TI - Dracontiasis in Rajasthan. VI. Epidemiology of dracontiasis in Barmer district, Western Rajasthan, India. AB - Epidemiology of guinea worm disease was studied in relation to sex, age, community and drinking water of inhabitants of 12 desert villages in Barmer district, Western Rajasthan, India. Data were also stratified with respect to first infection and reinfection. Infection was significantly (p less than 0.001) more prevalent in males (7.5%) than females (4.1%). Among all age groups peak infection (9.9%) occurred in those aged 30-39 years. Non-vegetarian communities had a higher incidence than vegetarian communities. Between-community difference was significant (p less than 0.01). First infection cases (11.0%) peaked in those aged 20-29 years while people aged 30-39 years were most susceptible to reinfection (84.6%). Between-age differences with respect to first and reinfection were insignificant (p greater then 0.05). Of various water sources reported pond water was a major source of contamination. 82.7% of the population examined was at risk of developing guinea worm infection at any time. No effective treatment is yet available. PMID- 6211413 TI - Bone scan evaluation of degenerative joint disease of the spine. PMID- 6211414 TI - Kinetic and subcellular aspects of hypertrophy and atrophy. PMID- 6211415 TI - Mixed lymphocyte cultures (MLC) and acute pancreatitis after renal transplantation. AB - MLC was performed preoperatively in 35 out of 57 candidates for renal transplantation. Three patients developed acute pancreatitis in the early postoperative stage, 2 of them died. In these three cases MLC revealed complete non-reactivity of the recipient lymphocytes, compared with the donor as well as with the positive control lymphocytes. None of the other patients showed this phenomenon and none of them developed acute pancreatitis. It is suggested that the recipient's immune responsiveness may be involved in the aetiology of the production of acute pancreatitis after renal transplantation. PMID- 6211416 TI - An open trial of zimelidine in patients with endogenous depression. AB - 13 patients with endogenous depression, who had failed to obtain a lasting response to other antidepressant drugs or to electroconvulsive therapy, were treated with zimelidine. 3 showed a marked, and 3 a mild improvement. Side effects were minimal. PMID- 6211417 TI - Quercetin inhibition of the induction and function of cytotoxic T lymphocytes. AB - Quercetin is a naturally occurring flavonoid, chemically related to cromolyn. Quercetin has been shown to inhibit antigen- and mitogen-induced histamine release from rat mast cells and basophils of subjects with hay fever, to increase cyclic adenosine monophosphate (AMP) in Ehrlich ascites tumor cells and to inhibit phosphodiesterase and certain adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) systems. We have studied the effect of quercetin on mouse T cell responses. When 5 x 10( 6) to 5 x 10(-5) M quercetin is present throughout either allogeneic mixed leukocyte culture (MLC) or cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) assay culture, inhibition of in vitro CTL generation or effector function results, respectively (inhibition is 75-100% at 2 x 10(-5) M and 100% at 5 x 10(-5) M). Quercetin also inhibits concanavalin A-induced DNA synthesis. Addition of Cu2+ strongly blocks the effects of quercetin in all systems tested, in a concentration dependent fashion, while Mg2+ and Ca2+ have little or no effect and Mn2+ and Co2+ have a significant but slight blocking effect on quercetin-mediated inhibition of both CTL generation and function. In kinetic studies, evidence was obtained for the existence of a major quercetin-sensitive step in CTL induction, between 3 and 24 hr of the MLC. PMID- 6211418 TI - In vivo and in vitro effects of 1,1-dimethylhydrazine on selected immune functions. AB - The in vivo phase of the experiments reported here include the evaluation of immune function after short-or long-term treatment of mice with 1,1 dimethylhydrazine (UDMH). Long-term exposure (3 injections/week for 14 weeks) resulted in increased numbers of Jerne plaque-forming cells, a trend toward decreased induction of suppressor cell activity by concanavalin A (Con A), and no effects on mitogen-induced lymphocyte blast transformation (LBT), compared to saline-treated control mice. These effects were greatest at doses of 10 or 50 mg/kg, while higher doses had less of an effect. In vitro experiments were performed by adding UDMH to normal murine splenocytes in the LBT assay and con A induced suppressor cell assay. The UDMH induced a significant enhanced response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) at 10 and 50 micrograms/ml, and a suppressed response to both Con A and LPS at higher concentrations. The UDMH also caused a decrease in suppressor cell activity at 25 micrograms/ml. Selective abrogation of suppressor activity or alteration of the suppressor cell-helper ratio were suggested as possible mechanisms for the enhancement effect associated with UDMH. PMID- 6211419 TI - Augmentation of concanavalin A-induced immunosuppression by indomethacin. AB - These studies show that, in BALB/C mice, when antibody synthesis against sheep red blood cells is suppressed by concanavalin A, treatment with indomethacin (4-8 mg/kg per os) will augment this suppression. Two other nonsteroidal anti inflammatory drugs, flufenamic acid and meclofenamic acid (50 mg/kg), also have this effect, whereas phenylbutazone was inactive at this dose. The augmentation of concanavalin A-induced immunosuppression by indomethacin could not be demonstrated on the response to the T-independent antigen polyvinypyrrolidone. In contrast to indomethacin, which inhibits cyclooxygenase, neither nordihydroguaiaretic acid, an inhibitor of the lipoxygenase pathway, nor eicosa 5,8,11,14-tetraynoic acid, an inhibitor of both the cyclooxygenase and the lipoxygenase pathways, had this augmenting effect. Therefore, we do not have strong evidence that the absence of a prostaglandin is responsible for the effect of indomethacin. However, inhibition of the pathway leading to prostaglandin synthesis causes an increase in arachidonic acid metabolism via the lipoxygenase pathway. A product of this pathway, such as a leukotriene, may have immunosuppressive effects in this model. Evidence for the enhancement of a suppressor cell population is provided by an in vitro coculture assay. Cells treated with concanavalin A and indomethacin had more suppressive activity than cells treated with concanavalin A or indomethacin alone. PMID- 6211420 TI - Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty and nursing implications. AB - Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty is a new procedure used in the treatment of coronary artery disease. The procedure involves the use of a small balloon-tipped catheter that is advanced into the stenotic coronary artery. The soft atheroma is compressed against the arterial wall by the inflation of the balloon across the lesion, thereby reducing the stenosis. Preoperative nursing care of the PTCA patient includes thorough assessment and preoperative teaching. Post-operative nursing care involves close assessment and prompt attention to potential complications. PMID- 6211421 TI - Latitudinal relationships of esterase-6 and phosphoglucomutase gene frequencies in Drosophila melanogaster. AB - Geographic variation in Esterase-6 (Est-6) and Phosphoglucomutase (Pgm) gene frequencies in Australasian populations of Drosophila melanogaster are compared with analogous data collated from 16 previous reports for North America and Europe/Asia. A large-scale latitudinal cline is found on all three zoogeographic zones for Est-6 and overall, Est-61.00 frequency increases from about 20 per cent around 20 degrees latitude to about 80 per cent approaching 50 degrees latitude. In contrast, there is no consistent evidence for the latitudinal cline in Pgm gene frequencies in any of the three zones with Pgm1.00 frequency generally about 85 per cent and Pgm1.20 and Pgm0.70 frequencies each between 5 per cent and 10 per cent. The consistent Est-6 clines are attributed to latitudinal selection gradients but not consistent correlations are found between Est-6 gene frequencies and maximum or minimum temperature or rainfall which might be associated with these gradients. The directions of the Est-6 clines in fact run counter to expectations based on the in vitro thermostabilities of the respective allozymes. PMID- 6211422 TI - Chronic pelvic pain: intrapelvic fluid as possible etiologic factor. PMID- 6211423 TI - Excessive moderator bands in the left ventricle of 21 cats. AB - Excessive numbers of moderator bands bridging the left ventricular septum and free wall and entangling papillary muscles were associated with heart failure and death in 21 cats. Clinical findings included dyspnea, anorexia, hypothermia, cardiomegaly, pleural effusion, plumonary edema, heart murmurs, gallop rhythm, electrocardiographic abnormalities (especially conduction disturbances), increased left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, angiocardiographic evidence of left ventricular restriction, and aortic thromboembolism. Pathologic changes included a morphologically distinct network of abnormal numbers of moderator bands in the left ventricle, left ventricular hypertrophy (younger cats--mean age, 4 years) or dilatation (older cats--mean age, 8.7 years), left atrial enlargement and hypertrophy, and pulmonary edema with heart failure cells in the alveoli. Heart weights of affected cats were significantly less than those of cats with congestive, hypertrophic, and restrictive cardiomyopathy (endocardial fibrosis), but were not significantly less than heart weights of clinically normal cats. Pathologic changes were characteristic of the syndrome grossly and histologically, but clinical findings were not clearly definable. PMID- 6211424 TI - ECG of the month. Congestive cardiomyopathy in a dog. PMID- 6211425 TI - Effects of season and bread of sire on incidence of estrus and ovulation rate in sheep. AB - The effects of season and breed of sire on estrous activity and ovulation rate were estimated in 50 mature ewes, 10 each sired by North Country Cheviot, Dorset, Finnsheep, Romney and Suffolk rams and born from Suffolk dams. Estrus was checked with vasectomized rams from July 1979 through December 1980. From May through December of 1980, ovulation rate was determined by the counting of corpora lutea (CL) during laparoscopic examinations of ovaries. A breed X month interaction (p less than .01) was found for incidence of estrus. Finnsheep-sired ewes were slower to enter anestrus and had the shortest anestrus period. Cheviot-sired ewes had the longest anestrus period. Ovulation rate, measured as the number of CL/ewe examined per month from August through December of 1980, was highest (P less than .05) in October and November. Finnsheep-sired ewes tended to have higher ovulation rates (2.04) per ewe ovulating than did Romney-or Cheviot-sired ewes (1.48). Suffolk- and Dorset-sired ewes were intermediate. Ovulation rate, measured as the number of CL/ewe available per month from May through December of 1980, was highest (P less than .05) in September, October and November. Suffolk-, Finnsheep- and Dorset-sired ewes had higher (P less than .10) ovulation rates (.95) per ewe available than did Romney- and Cheviot-sired ewes (.67). Monthly repeatability of ovulation rate from August through December of 1980 was .41 +/- .25. PMID- 6211426 TI - Colonoscopy: indications, contraindications, normal, abnormal. PMID- 6211427 TI - Spectrum of reflux esophagitis. PMID- 6211428 TI - Mucous Cyst. PMID- 6211429 TI - Absence of significant membrane localization of the proteins coded by the ilvGEDAC genes of Escherichia coli K-12. AB - We previously characterized a set of lambda dilv phages by genetic, restriction enzyme, and heteroduplex analyses and tentatively correlated isoleucine-valine gene products with specific ilv DNA segments by using cloned ilv segments in maxicells and lambda dilv phage infection of UV-irradiated cells. In this work, the identity of the ilvC gene product, alpha-acetohydroxy acid isomeroreductase, was confirmed by demonstrating its induction by the physiological inducers alpha acetolactate and alpha-acetohydroxybutyrate. The identity of the ilvE gene product, transaminase, B, was confirmed by antibody precipitation of the purified enzyme. Phage derivatives with ilv regulatory mutations were found to have the predicted effect upon the ilvGEDA and ilvC protein products. The distribution of the ilvGEDA and ilvC gene products in the soluble, periplasmic, inner membrane, and outer membrane fractions was examined, and no significant membrane association was observed. The expression of the ilv genes in the lambda dilv phage from ilv and phage lambda promoters was compared in order to determine the fractional contribution of each to ilv gene expression. An additional protein of 54,000 daltons that was not detected in the previous analysis was observed to be coded by a bacterial gene but was produced only by readthrough from phage promoters. PMID- 6211430 TI - Identification of a protein of 15,000 daltons related to isoleucine-valine biosynthesis in Escherichia coli K-12. AB - The effect of the ilvG671, ilvG468, and ilvG603 mutations (phenotype, IlvG+ Valr; formerly ilvO) upon proteins synthesized was determined by infection of irradiated Escherichia coli K-12 cells, using specifically constructed derivatives of lambda dilv phage. These ilvG alleles are similar to the previously studied ilvG2096(Valr) allele in that they activate the latent ilvG gene which is present in the wild-type strain, leading to the synthesis of a 62,000-dalton protein. In addition, all of these ilvG (Valr) alleles increase the synthesis of a 15,000-dalton protein. To localize the gene coding for the 15,000 dalton protein, the proteins produced in maxicells containing plasmids with specific deletions of ilv and rrnX DNA segments were analyzed. The gene coding for the 15,000-dalton protein was located within a region about 1,000 base pairs long between ilv and trpT. The function of the 15,000-dalton protein is not known. PMID- 6211431 TI - Mutations that alter the transport function of the LamB protein in Escherichia coli. AB - Some Escherichia coli K-12 lamB mutants, those producing reduced amounts of LamB protein (one-tenth the wild type amount), grow normally on dextrins but transport maltose when present at a concentration of 1 microM at about one-tenth the normal rate. lamB Dex- mutants were found as derivatives of these strains. These Dex- mutants are considerably impaired in the transport of maltose at low concentrations (below 10 microM), and they have a structurally altered LamB protein which is impaired in its interaction with phages lambda and K10 but still interacts with a lambda host range mutant lambda hh*. The Dex- mutants are double lamB mutants carrying one mutation, already present in the parental strains, that reduces LamB synthesis and a second that alters LamB structure. The secondary mutations, present in different independent Dex- mutants, are clustered in the same region of the lamB gene. Dex+ revertants were isolated and analyzed: when the altered LamB protein is made in wild-type amount, due to a reversion of the first mutation, the phenotype reverts to Dex+. However, these Dex+ revertants are still very significantly impaired in maltose transport at low concentrations (below 10 microM). PMID- 6211433 TI - Transcription of Regions within the divergent argECBH operon of Escherichia coli: evidence for lack of an attenuation mechanism. AB - Using in vitro and in vivo assays, we could detect no early termination of DNA transcription in the proximal part of the argCBH arm of the argECBH divergent operon. The discrepancy noted previously between the respective amplitudes of variation of messenger and enzyme synthesis must therefore be attributed to other causes than a difference in efficiency between attenuation and repression. PMID- 6211432 TI - Ribosomal protein S4 acts in trans as a translational repressor to regulate expression of the alpha operon in Escherichia coli. AB - Ribosomal protein (r-protein) S4 is the translational repressor which regulates the synthesis rates of r-proteins whose genes are in the alpha operon: r-proteins S13, S11, S4, and L17. In a strain having a mutation in the gene for r-protein S4 (rpsD), the mutant S4 fails to regulate expression of the alpha operon, resulting in specific and significant overproduction of r-proteins S13, S11, and S4. This confirms and extends similar observations made with rpsD mutants (M. O. Olsson and L. A. Isaksson, Mol. Gen. Genet. 169:271-278, 1979) before post transcriptional regulation of r-protein synthesis was proposed and is consistent with the established regulatory role of r-protein S4. The rpsD mutant has been used to study the question of whether regulatory r-proteins function in trans or strictly in cis as translational repressors. The mutant strain was lysogenized with one or two specialized transducing phages carrying a wild-type S4 gene to obtain strains which were diploid or triploid with respect to the alpha operon. The wild-type and mutant forms of S4 were separated by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, which allowed accurate measurement of the relative contributions of r-proteins from different alpha operons within a single cell. We found that expression of r-proteins from the chromosomal alpha operon containing the rpsD allele was reduced when the wild-type S4 was present, with the effect being greater in the triploid strain than in the diploid strain. We conclude that the wild-type S4 acts in trans as a translational repressor to regulate expression from the chromosomal alpha operon. PMID- 6211434 TI - Promoter mapping and selection of operator mutants by using insertion of bacteriophage Mu in the argECBH divergent operon of Escherichia coli K-12. AB - The analysis of a large number of Arg mutants obtained by inserting phage Mu in the argECBH cluster of genes confirmed the "facing" arrangement proposed earlier for the promoters of argE (argEp) and argCBH (argCBHp) and clarified remaining ambiguities regarding the localization of argEp. Casadaban and Cohen's Mu d lac phages (M. Casadaban and S. N. Cohen, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 76:4530-4533, 1979) were used to construct strains where either an intact or a truncated lacZ gene was fused to argC or argB. Several operator-constitutive mutations could be selected for in such strains; the mutations affected both arms of the cluster, thereby defining one common operator region for both directions of transcription. PMID- 6211436 TI - A membrane-bound protein inhibitor of the high affinity Ca ATPase in rat liver plasma membranes. AB - The Ca ATPase from rat liver plasma membranes has been recently characterized and partially purified in our laboratory and was shown to depend on a membrane-bound protein activator (Lotersztajn, S., Hanoune, J., and Pecker, F. (1981) J. Biol. Chem. 256, 11209-11215). In the present study, we report that a factor derived from ammonium sulfate washings of rat liver plasma membranes inhibits the partially purified enzyme activity measured in the presence of activator. This factor is a protein as judged by its sensitivity to heat and trypsin. A molecular weight of 29,000 was determined by sucrose gradient centrifugation and gel chromatography. The action of the inhibitor is due to a decrease in the maximal velocity of the enzyme reaction and is reversed by an excess of the activator associated with the enzyme. An important point in the mode of action of this inhibitor is its absolute dependence on magnesium, which most probably explains the difficulty in detecting the plasma membrane Ca ATPase when MgCl2 is added to the assay medium. PMID- 6211435 TI - Plasmid-mediated uptake and metabolism of sucrose by Escherichia coli K-12. AB - The conjugative plasmid pUR400 determines tetracycline resistance and enables cells of Escherichia coli K-12 to utilize sucrose as the sole carbon source. Three types of mutants affecting sucrose metabolism were derived from pUR400. One type lacked a specific transport system (srcA); another lacked sucrose-6 phosphate hydrolase (scrB); and the third, a regulatory mutant, expressed both of these functions constitutively (scrR). In a strain harboring pUR400, both transport and sucrose-6-phosphate hydrolase were inducible by fructose, sucrose, and raffinose; if a scrB mutant was used, fructose was the only inducer. These data suggested that fructose or a derivative acted as an endogenous inducer. Sucrose transport and sucrose-6-phosphate hydrolase were subject to catabolite repression; these two functions were not expressed in an E. coli host (of pUR400) deficient in the adenosine 3-,5'-phosphate receptor protein. Sucrose uptake (apparent Km = 10 microM) was dependent on the scrA gene product and on the phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent sugar:phosphotransferase system (PTS) of the host. The product of sucrose uptake (via group translocation) was identified as sucrose 6-phosphate, phosphorylated at C6 of the glucose moiety. Intracellular sucrose-6 phosphate hydrolase catalyzed the hydrolysis of sucrose-6-phosphate (Km = 0.17 mM), sucrose (Km = 60 mM), and raffinose (Km = 150 mM). The active enzyme was shown to be a dimer of Mr 110,000. PMID- 6211437 TI - A reinvestigation of dynein ATPase kinetics and the inhibitory action of vanadate. AB - The kinetic properties of sea urchin flagellar dynein ATPase have been reinvestigated using a continuous assay which regenerates ATP and contains P1,P5 di(adenosine-5')pentaphosphate, a potent adenylate kinase inhibitor. Earlier studies (Shimizu, T. (1981) Biochemistry 20, 4347-4354) revealed complex, highly cooperative kinetics with respect to MgATP2- concentration in the absence of this inhibitor. With Ap5A, the kinetics are characteristic of classical Michaelis Menten enzymes. Isolated 21 S and 14S enzyme forms were also examined, and their kinetic parameters are presented Vanadate inhibition patterns in the presence of P1,P5-di(adenosine-5')pentaphosphate lose their nonlinear character, and we observe linear noncompetitive inhibition of the "mixed" type. PMID- 6211438 TI - Purification and properties of a progesterone-induced plasmin/trypsin inhibitor from uterine secretions of pigs and its immunocytochemical localization in the pregnant uterus. AB - The porcine uterus secretes a group of basic, low molecular weight protease inhibitors under the influence of progesterone, but not estrogen. One of these inhibitors (Mr approximately 14,500) which inhibits trypsin, plasmin, and chymotrypsin, but not other proteases tested, has been purified 10- to 15-fold from uterine secretions of pseudopregnant pigs using Sephadex G-100 chromatography, CM-cellulose ion exchange chromatography, and Sephadex G-50 or Bio-Gel P-10 chromatography. The inhibitor which is relatively heat- and pH stable forms a 1:1 molar complex with trypsin which is not dissociated in sodium dodecyl sulfate except by boiling. Chymotrypsin appears to bind at the same site on the inhibitor as trypsin. The inhibitor is high in half-cysteine residues and basic amino acids, and appears not to be a glycoprotein. Antiserum has been raised against the purified inhibitor in rabbits and used to test its distribution in pigs using the immunoperoxidase-staining technique on tissue sections. The inhibitor is associated only with the glandular and surface epithelium of the uterus. Endometrial explants from pseudopregnant animals, cultured in presence of L-[3H]leucine, release the inhibitor in radioactive form indicating that it is a uterine product. The antiserum against the inhibitor cross-reacts with at least three other, basic, low molecular weights plasmin/trypsin inhibitors in porcine uterine secretions, suggesting that a family of isoinhibitors exists which may constitute up to 15% of the protein in porcine uterine secretions. The inhibitor(s) appears to coat and to be taken up by the trophoectoderm cells of the elongating blastocyst during pregnancy. It is suggested that the inhibitors may serve to protect the uterus from proteases released by the porcine trophoblast or to prevent degradation of essential macromolecules, such as uteroferrin, which have to be taken up by the conceptus. PMID- 6211439 TI - Two types of kinetic regulation of the activated ATPase in the chloroplast photophosphorylation system. AB - The inhibition by light of chloroplast coupling factor ATPase is not due simply to competing photophosphorylation. This inhibition is only partially relieved by either an arsenate-pool trap for released phosphate, or a pyruvate kinase/phosphoenolpyruvate trap for ADP. Moreover, the amount of product return that does occur in the absence of trapping systems, ascertained by incorporation of 32Pi or [2-3H]ADP back into ATP during the hydrolysis reaction, is insufficient to account for the observed activity decrease. In intermediate pi:H2O oxygen exchange studies, the number of water oxygens incorporated into each molecule of Pi produced does not vary with light intensity during the ATPase assay. This indicates that the light-induced change in ATPase activity is not due to an alteration of rat constants involved in the forward and reverse partitioning of the E.ADP.Pi complex. In contrast, ammonium chloride, an uncoupler of photophosphorylation which stimulates membrane-bound coupling factor ATPase when added after light activation, causes a shift in the pattern of intermediate Pi:H2O oxygen exchange toward a lower number of water oxygens incorporated per Pi formed. The effect of NH4+ consistent with ATPase activity stimulation caused by enhanced partitioning forward of the E.products complex. These observations suggest the operation of two mechanisms of regulation of ATP ase activity during chloroplast de-energization. However, a direct effect of NH4+ on the coupling factor itself, independent of the membrane energization effect, cannot be ruled out by the present studies. Additional oxygen exchange experiments lead to the conclusion that the binding of ATP at a site catalyzing extensive ATP:H2O back exchange in the native chloroplast system ( Wimmer, M. J., and Rose, I. A. (1977) J. Biol. Chem. 252, 6769-6775) is different from the binding of ATP for net hydrolysis in the system activated for ATPase. PMID- 6211440 TI - Biosynthesis of heparan sulfate in rat liver. Characterization of polysaccharides obtained with intact cells and with a cell-free system. PMID- 6211441 TI - The isolated gamma subunit of Escherichia coli F1 ATPase binds the epsilon subunit. PMID- 6211442 TI - Direct fluorescence measurements of Mg2+ binding to sarcoplasmic reticulum ATPase. AB - In the absence of calcium, interaction of magnesium with SR-ATPase induced a blue shift in intrinsic fluorescence emission. This Mg2+-induced fluorescence change was pH-dependent and an apparent Mg dissociation constant of 5 mM was found at pH 7. Equilibrium studies showed that magnesium competes for the high affinity Ca2+ binding sites and stopped flow measurements of the transient kinetics indicated a multistep interaction between magnesium and the calcium pump. These results suggest that magnesium drives the sarcoplasmic reticulum atpase toward an E.Mg species which might be a dead-end complex. PMID- 6211443 TI - Regulation of the phosphorylation and activity of 6-phosphofructo 1-kinase in isolated hepatocytes by alpha-glycerolphosphate and fructose 2,6-bisphosphate. PMID- 6211444 TI - Phosphoenzyme formation from ATP in the ATPase of sarcoplasmic reticulum. Effect of KCl or ATP and slow dissociation of ATP from precursor enzyme-ATP complex. AB - The ATP-dependent phosphoenzyme formation and its reversal were studied at 0 degrees C and pH 7.0 in the ATPase of sarcoplasmic reticulum. Addition of KCl or several other salts (approximately 100 mM) decreased the maximum rate of ADP induced dephosphorylation of phosphoenzyme as well as the apparent affinity of the phosphoenzyme toward ADP. High ATP had a similar effect on the latter, whereas it had little effect on the former. In contrast, high KCl or a considerable change in the ionic strength had little effect on the initial rate of phosphoenzyme formation at saturating ATP concentrations. During steady state phosphorylation at 1.0 mM MgCl2 and 5.0 mM CaCl2 in the absence of added KCl, a significant amount of [gamma-32P]ATP remained bound to the enzyme even when the enzyme concentration was much in excess over that of [gamma-32P]ATP. Evidence is presented that this enzyme-ATP complex represents a precursor to the phosphoenzyme. ATP dissociated slowly (0.20 s-1) from this enzyme-ATP complex and addition of high KCl or other salts accelerated its dissociation. In contrast, when the enzyme was complexed with adenyl-5'-yl (beta, gamma methylene)diphosphonate in the absence of added KCl under these conditions, dissociation of the nucleotide from the complex as estimated in the displacement experiment with [gamma-32P]ATP, was found to be much faster than that of ATP. PMID- 6211445 TI - A structural role for the Ca2+-Mg2+ sites on troponin C in the regulation of muscle contraction. Preparation and properties of troponin C depleted myofibrils. PMID- 6211446 TI - Thymus myosin. Isolation and characterization of myosin from calf thymus and thymic lymphocytes, and studies on the effect of phosphorylation of its Mr = 20,000 light chain. PMID- 6211447 TI - A selenium-containing hydrogenase from Methanococcus vannielii. Identification of the selenium moiety as a selenocysteine residue. AB - A 75Se-labeled hydrogenase was purified to near homogeneity from extracts of Methanococcus vannielii cells grown in the presence of [75Se]selenite. The molecular weight of the enzyme was estimated as 340,000 by gel filtration. The enzyme tends to aggregate and occurs also as a larger protein species (Mr = 1.3 x 10(6)). The same phenomenon was observed on native gel electrophoretic analysis. Hydrogenase activity exhibited by these two protein bands was proportional to protein and 75Se content. Both molecular species reduce the natural cofactor, 8 hydroxy-5-deazaflavin, and tetrazolium dyes with molecular hydrogen. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-gel electrophoresis of 75Se-labeled enzyme showed that 75Se is present exclusively in an Mr = 42,000 subunit. A value of 3.8 g atoms of selenium/mol of enzyme (Mr = 340,000) was determined by atomic absorption analysis. The chemical form of selenium in the enzyme was shown to be selenocysteine. This was identified as the [75Se]carboxymethyl and [75Se]carboxyethyl derivatives in acid hydrolysates of alkylated 75Se-labeled protein. The hydrogenase is extremely oxygen-sensitive but can be reactivated by incubation with molecular hydrogen and dithiothreitol. PMID- 6211448 TI - Isolation and sequence determination of two pyridoxal 5'-phosphate-labeled thermolysin peptides from pig muscle phosphoglucose isomerase. AB - Pig muscle phosphoglucose isomerase modified with pyridoxal 5'-phosphate under conditions that cause at least 90% inactivation of its catalytic activity was found to incorporate about 1.5 eq of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate per subunit. After digestion with thermolysin, two pyridoxal 5'-phosphate-containing peptides were isolated and their amino acid sequences were determined to be Leu-Gly-pyridoxyl Lys-Gln and Ile-Ala-Ser-pyridoxyl-Lys-Thr. PMID- 6211449 TI - Adenine nucleotide binding sites on beef heart F1-ATPase. Specificity of cooperative interactions between catalytic sites. AB - Cooperative interactions between nucleotide binding sites on beef heart mitochondrial F1-ATPase have been studied by measuring substrate-promoted release of 5'adenylyl-beta,gamma-imidodiphosphate (AMP-PNP) from a single high affinity site. The site is initially loaded by incubating F1 with an equimolar amount of the nonhydrolyzable ATP analog. When unbound [3H]AMP-PNP is removed and the complex diluted to a concentration below the Kd, release of ligand shows an apparent absolute requirement for medium ADP. Release is biphasic with the extent of release during the initial rapid phase dependent on the concentration of medium ADP. Although phosphate alone has no effect, it enhances the rapid phase of ADP-promoted release over 2-fold with a half-maximal effect at 60 micrometers P1. The binding of efrapeptin (A23871) to the F1.AMP-PNP complex completely prevents ADP-promoted dissociation. Although AMP-PNP release also occurs in the presence of medium ATP, the F1.AMP-PNP complex does not dissociate if an ATP regenerating system of sufficient capacity to prevent accumulation of medium ADP is added. Consistent with an inability of nucleoside triphosphate to promote release is the failure of medium, nonradioactive AMP-PNP to affect retention of the 3H-labeled ligand. The stability of F1.AMP-PNP complex in the absence of medium nucleotide and the highly specific ability of ADP plus P1 to promote rapid release of the ATP analog are interpreted as support for an ATP synthesis mechanism that requires substrate binding at one catalytic site for product release from an adjacent interacting site. PMID- 6211450 TI - Siderochromes from Pseudomonas fluorescens. I. Isolation and characterization. AB - Several iron-binding pigments (siderochromes) produced by Pseudomonas fluorescens have been isolated and partially characterized. They include ferribactin and various forms of pyoverdine, as well as some previously unreported compounds. In particular, the existence of ferribactin has been independently confirmed for the first time. Column and thin layer chromatographic procedures have been developed to fractionate, purify, and identify the siderochromes. We find ferribactin to contain nine amino acids, one residue each of glutamine, tyrosine, and glycine, and two each of serine, lysine, and N-hydroxyornithine, rather than 10 as earlier reported. Pyoverdine is a peptide with the same composition as ferribactin except for the absence of glutamine and the substitution of a fluorescent chromophore for tyrosine. Paper electrophoresis reveals an extra ionizable group in ferric pyoverdine relative to pyoverdine or ferribactin which provides that complex a definite cathodic mobility at pH 3. Optical spectra of the pyoverdine fluorescent component indicate that, in conjunction with the two hydroxamate groups, it is involved in the metal ion coordination, conferring on pyoverdine a dramatically increased affinity for Fe(III) relative to ferribactin. PMID- 6211451 TI - Siderochromes from Pseudomonas fluorescens. II. Structural homology as revealed by NMR spectroscopy. AB - Ferribactin and the pyoverdines, siderochromes that are obtained from liquid cultures of Pseudomonas fluorescens cells, have been studied and compared by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. The proton spectra of the iron-free compounds show that the pyoverdines share with ferribactin a common feature, formyl hydroxamic acid groups, that previously had only been observed in hadacidin, and antitumor antibiotic produced by Penicillium frequentans. The 1H and 13C NMR data confirm that ferribactin is a nonapeptide that contains two residues each of lysine and N6-formyl-N6-hydroxyornithine. This corrects an earlier report (Maurer, B., Muller, A., Keller-Schierlein, W., and Zahner, H. (1968) Arch. Mikrobiol. 60, 326 339) ascribing two acetyl hydroxamic acid groups and three lysyl residues to ferribactin. Similarly, the spectroscopic data show that pyoverdine lacks the Glx and Tyr residues present in ferribactin. On the basis of the compositional analogy exhibited by pyoverdine and ferribactin, it is suggested that the two siderochromes may be metabolically related. The 13C NMR spectra of pyoverdine indicate that its fluorescent component is a nine-carbon aromatic heterocycle, probably identical with an o-dihydroxyquinoline chromophore found in pseudobactin, a fluorescent siderophore produced by Pseudomonas B10. PMID- 6211452 TI - The functional unit of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase. Active site titration and fluorescence measurements. AB - The properties of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase have been studied after modification of the ATP high affinity binding site with fluorescein isothiocyanate, both in the membranous state and after solubilization with the nonionic detergent, octaethyleneglycol monododecyl ether. Total inactivation of both membrane-bound and solubilized Ca2+-ATPase requires covalent attachment of 1 mol of fluorescein/mol of enzyme (115,000 g of protein) or per binding site for ATP. Sedimentation velocity studies of soluble enzyme showed that both unlabeled and fluorescein-labeled Ca2+-ATPase were present in a predominantly monomeric form. The phosphorylation level of unlabeled Ca2+-ATPase was unchanged by solubilization. Dephosphorylation measurements at 0 degree C indicated that the phosphorylation is an intermediate in the ATPase reaction catalyzed by solubilized Ca2+-ATPase. Fluorescein labeling of half of the Ca2+-ATPase in the membrane did not influence the enzyme kinetics of the remaining unmodified Ca2+ ATPase. Measurements of both fluorescein and tryptophan fluorescence indicated that the soluble monomer of Ca2+-ATPase like the membrane-bound enzyme exists in a Ca2+-dependent equilibrium between two principal conformations (E and E). E (absence of Ca2+) is unstable in the soluble form, but the pCa dependence of the E - E equilibrium is identical with that of the membranous Ca2+-ATPase (pCa0.5 = 6.7 and Hill coefficient 2). These results suggest that the Ca2+-ATPase polypeptides function with a high degree of independence in the membrane. PMID- 6211453 TI - An unusual cause of sciatica and back pain: ependymoma of the cauda equina. Case report. PMID- 6211454 TI - Haemopathological changes in recurrent deep venous thrombosis of the extremities. AB - We observed 42 (11.7%) patients with multiple or recurrent thrombosis in 358 patients with deep venous thrombosis of the extremities (DVT) and its sequelae. In those patients with recurrent DVT, following characteristics were found in comparison with patients with recurrent DVT, following characteristics were found in comparison with patients who experienced only one episode of DVT. Collagen disease including Behcet disease are often observed as an important predisposing factor. Relatively high incidence in the young generation. Pulmonary embolism occurred about 4 times as frequent as in patients with single episode of DVT. The platelet adhesiveness increased in 7 (38.9%) cases and the hyperaggregability was also frequently found (34.8% by ADP, 26.1% by collagen), though no significant differences was noted from patients with single episode of DVT. Meanwhile, beta thromboglobulin increased an antithrombin III decreased with a significant difference. DVT with those characteristics should more carefully be managed. PMID- 6211455 TI - Vascular substitutes, 1981. Achievements, disappointments, prospects. PMID- 6211456 TI - Does porosity matter? AB - Patients who had survived at least four years after aortic aneurysmectomy were divided into two groups depending on the prosthesis being of woven or knitted fabric. Such prostheses do not develop an endothelial lining in man, and remain thrombogenic despite their great practical success. A comparison of the persistence versus the loss of palpable pulses distal to the prosthesis, was taken as an index of thrombogenicity and the formation of micro-emboli. There was a statistically significant difference in the persistence of distal pulses in patients with knitted grafts in the 5th, 6th and 7th years of the study, suggesting that such grafts are less prone to thromboembolic activity than the woven prostheses. PMID- 6211457 TI - Balloon angioplasty in the treatment of peripheral vascular disease. AB - Angioplasty carried out by means of a balloon catheter designed by Gruntzig, has been found to be very useful in treating some areas of stenosis of major vessels and some short areas of occlusion. This method of treatment when suitable, has some clear advantages over operative therapy, being far less expensive, time consuming and painful, but is probably less long lasting. Repetitive treatment is easily accomplished. Complications occurred in less than 5% and these were generally correctible by surgery. The technic requires real skill in angiography and competent vascular surgical back-up, but with experience in more than 600 cases, it is believed to be a definite therapeutic advance. PMID- 6211459 TI - Effects of trifluoperazine and mitogenic lectins on calcium ATPase activity and calcium transport by human lymphocyte plasma membrane vesicles. AB - The phenothiazine, trifluoperazine, and the mitogenic lectins, phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and Concanavalin A (Con A), were tested for their effects on human lymphocyte plasma membrane Ca-activated Mg-ATPase and ATP-dependent calcium uptake. Trifluoperazine completely inhibited Ca-uptake when present from the start of the assay at concentrations of 100 microM or more. When added during measurement of calcium uptake, trifluoperazine reduced the rate of vesicular calcium accumulation but was unlike the calcium ionophore, A23187, which caused a rapid release of accumulated calcium from the vesicles. Trifluoperazine also inhibited membrane vesicle Ca-ATPase activity, but this inhibition was non specific since the Mg-ATPase and Na,K-ATPase activities were inhibited to similar extents at the same concentration of the phenothiazine. In contrast, concentrations of PHA and Con A, which are mitogenic for lymphocytes, did not cause any change in Ca-uptake when added to suspensions of membrane vesicles. Con A had no effect and PHA had a weak inhibitory effect on Ca-ATPase activity. PMID- 6211458 TI - Mechanochemical coupling in the relaxation of rigor-wave sea urchin sperm flagella. AB - The relaxation (straightening) of flagellar rigor waves, which is known to be induced by micromolar ATP concentrations was investigated with respect to its dependence on the binding and hydrolysis of ATP. Flagellar rigor waves were formed by the dilution of demembranated, reactivated sea urchin (Lytechinus pictus) spermatozoa into ATP-free buffer. Relaxation in response to nucleotide was quantitated by measuring theta, the mean flagellar bend angle per sperm; this novel assay permitted determination of the rate of relaxation. It was found that (a) the rate of flagellar relaxation induced by 4 X 10(-6) M ATP was inhibited 80% by vanadate concentrations of 3 X 10(-6) M and above; (b) of 16 hydrolyzable and nonhydrolyzable nucleotide di-, tri-, and tetraphosphates tested, only three, each of which was hydrolyzed by the flagellar axonemal ATPase activity (ATP, dATP, and epsilon-ATP) were also capable of effecting relaxation; (c) several hundred ATP molecules were estimated to be hydrolyzed by each dynein of ATP hydrolysis, which defines the efficiency of ATP utilization, increased 30-fold as the ATP relaxation depends on ATP hydrolysis; (b) because it depends on ATP hydrolysis, flagellar relaxation is an inappropriate model system for investigating the role of ATP binding in the mechanochemical cycle of dynein; and (c) the efficiency of mechanochemical coupling in flagellar motility is an ATP dependent phenomenon. A general model of relaxation is proposed based on active microtubule sliding. PMID- 6211460 TI - The role of regulatory components from resident T lymphocytes in polyclonal B cell activation. AB - Resident T lymphocytes have been found to exert helper and suppressor regulatory influences with regard to polyclonal activation of murine splenic B lymphocytes elicited by lipopolysaccharide. In the normal adult spleen, only T cell helper influences are exercised over polyclonal B cell activation. This activity is a property of Lyt 1+2- T cells and does not appear to be subject to MHC restriction. Suppressive influence evidently is either latent or it exists at such a low level that its effects are difficult to detect. No regulatory activity can be recovered from the supernatants of T cells, cultured either with or without LPS. However, suppressor T cell function may be evoked by activating splenic T cells with Concanavalin A or by sonicating unstimulated splenic T cells in order to liberate a suppressive potential which is not expressed by these unstimulated cells when intact. The soluble fraction of resident splenic T cell sonicates exerts both helper and suppressor regulatory influences. The soluble helper activity is derived from Lyt l+2- T cells, whereas suppressor activity is generated from Lyt 1-2+ T cells. The suppressive activity of T cell sonicates is not restricted by the MHC gene complex. Helper and suppressor activities contained in splenic T cell sonicates were separated by gel chromatography; the suppressive activity was found to elute with a molecular weight between 68,000 and 84,000 daltons, and the helper activity eluted with a molecular weight between 15,000 and 23,000 daltons. The data indicate that helper and suppressor activities are distinct molecular entities derived from distinct splenic T lymphocyte subpopulations. The possibility that these molecules are precursors to or components of antigen-specific or nonspecific helper and suppressor factors described in the literature is discussed. PMID- 6211461 TI - Mitotic delay following inhibition by 5'-fluorodeoxyuridine of S-phase in Physarum is not due to delay in termination of S-phase. AB - It has been known for several years that inhibition by 5'-fluorodeoxyuridine (FdUrd) of DNA synthesis in plasmodia of Physarum polycephalum delays subsequent nuclear mitosis. To test whether this delay is due to delay in the termination of S-phase, we blocked DNA synthesis with FdUrd + uridine for 3 h at different stages of S-phase, and in plasmodia with different cycle times. The results show that in short-cycling plasmodia the delay in mitosis can be as long as 9 h, despite little delay in termination of S-phase, and is longest when plasmodia are blocked in early S-phase. In plasmodia with long cycle times, no mitotic delay following 3 h inhibition by FdUrd of S-phase is observed. Our results suggest that mitotic delay after pulses of FdUrd is not due to delay in termination of S phase, which therefore does not appear to 'gate' entry into a G2 period of fixed length. The fact that delay is longest after FdUrd blocks in early S-phase suggests that normal progress through S-phase, not its termination, is critical for the timing of the subsequent mitosis. This may reflect an obligate coupling between replication and transcription of specific genes needed for progress toward mitosis. The lack of mitotic delay in long-cycling plasmodia shows that S phase-coupled processes need not act as 'timers' if other processes become rate limiting. PMID- 6211462 TI - High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of clioquinol and its conjugates in biological materials. AB - A method has been established for the determination of clioquinol (C) and its glucuronide (CG) and sulfate (CS) in biological materials. C and its internal standard were extracted with benzene-pyridine from samples. CG and CS were also hydrolyzed to C and extracted by the same method. The extracts were evaporated to dryness and redissolved in methanol. The methanol solution was subjected to HPLC using a column packed with Iatrobeads 6cp.2010 and a UV monitor (254 nm). The mobile phase was 0.1 M citric acid-methanol-n-hexane (8:86:6). The detection limit of C and 1 nmole and its recovery was above 92%. PMID- 6211463 TI - Longitudinal study of plasma dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate in preterm and fullterm infants. PMID- 6211465 TI - The influence of the sex of chickens on the effect of occlusion of the left pulmonary artery. PMID- 6211464 TI - Autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction in the peripheral blood and pleural effusions of cancer patients. AB - T cells proliferate in response to autologous non-T cells in the autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction (AMLR). AMLR was impaired in the peripheral blood of patients with advanced lung cancer (4,159 +/- 3,878 delta cpm vs. 11,221 +/- 4,156 delta cpm for normal donors) but normal or even higher in their malignant pleural effusions (13,257 +/- 7,075 delta cpm vs. 10, 870 +/- 5,013 delta cpm for nonmalignant control effusions). Blood T cells also failed to respond to autologous effusion non-T cells, while effusion T cells strongly responded to autologous erythrocytes blood non-T cells. The presence of blood T cells did not inhibit effusion AMLR of the same patients. A subset of T cells that form rosettes with autologous erythrocytes if found to proliferate in AMLR. The number of autorosette-forming cells was lower in blood T cells of cancer patients than in blood T cells of normal donors and in effusion T cells of the patients. After enrichment of autorosette-forming cells, there was no difference in AMLR of normal blood and cancer blood and effusions. These results indicate that the loss of AMLR in the blood of cancer patients is due to a reduction of number of autoreactive T cells and not to a defect of autologous stimulator non-T cells. PMID- 6211466 TI - The effect of Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae and Pasteurella haemolytica on specific pathogen-free lambs. PMID- 6211467 TI - The effects of different strains of Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae on specific pathogen free and conventionally-reared lambs. PMID- 6211468 TI - Cimetidine and tetracycline in acne. PMID- 6211469 TI - Cutaneous and pulmonary cancers associated with Bowen's disease. AB - Thirty-one patients with Bowen's disease were studied in a restricted district of Namikata and its neighborhood of Ehime, Japan. Nineteen were alive and 12 were dead; the youngest living patient was 52 years of age. Invasive skin cancers were found in 10 patients and internal malignancies in 10, including 7 patients with pulmonary cancers. Palmoplantar keratosis was present in 25 patients and raindrop type pigment anomalies in 15. Neutron activation analysis of hair showed only slightly higher arsenic values in patients with Bowen's disease than those in normal controls, though the differences were statistically significant at p less than 0.05. A possible arsenic exposure 43 years previously was considered responsible for the occurrence of neoplasms, though the arsenic route and amount were not determined. Bowen's disease started within 10 years, invasive skin cancers after 20 years, and pulmonary cancers after 30 years following the suspected arsenic exposure. PMID- 6211470 TI - In situ demonstration of T cell subsets in atrophic parapsoriasis. AB - It has been demonstrated recently in mycosis fungoides and lichen planus that T lymphocyte subsets may be identified in cutaneous lymphocytic infiltrates using the immunoperoxidase technic in conjunction with monoclonal antibodies produced by the technic of Kohler and Milstein. This communication describes the application of this technic to cutaneous lymphoid infiltrates of parapsoriasis in which T cell predominance has been demonstrated previously. The lymphoid infiltrates of six patients with atrophic parapsoriasis were examined by the indirect immunoperoxidase technic using monoclonal antibodies (from two commercial sources) directed against "helper" and "suppressor" T cell subsets. Both "helper" and "suppressor" cells (as defined by a positive reaction with monoclonal antibodies) could be identified in cutaneous infiltrates. "Helper" cells predominated, but in varying degrees among patients. The relevance of these findings in relation to the possible development of clinical mycosis fungoides from atrophic parapsoriasis is discussed. In addition, factors causing difficulty in the consistent identification of cell subtypes are discussed. These factors suggest that in the present state of imperfection, difficulty will be experienced in using this technic for the accurate quantification of percentages of lymphocyte subsets in tissue sections.U PMID- 6211471 TI - Dinitrochlorobenzene immunotherapy for verrucae resistant to standard treatment modalities. PMID- 6211472 TI - Pyoderma faciale: a clinical study of twenty-nine patients. AB - Pyoderma faciale is a distinctive entity. Twenty-nine patients with this process were seen in the Mayo Clinic from 1969 to 1980. Twenty-seven patients had follow up that ranged from 1 month to 11 years, and twenty-two had follow-up of 3 years or more. Clinical features that characterize the patients were (1) female predominance, (2) onset later than teenage acne vulgaris, generally at 19 to 40 years of age, (3) rapid onset and progression, (4) facial involvement with sparing of the back and chest, (5) cysts, swelling, and purulent drainage with a lack of comedones, and (6) paucity of systemic complaints. Patients were treated with multiple forms of therapy simultaneously, often including Vleminckx packs, oral antibiotics, incision and drainage, ultraviolet B, and intralesional steroids. Of twenty-five patients available for follow-up at 1 year, twenty-three had achieved remission, though fifteen patients required ongoing treatment to maintain optimal control. Twenty-three patients had scarring as a sequela. Patients with pyoderma faciale represent a subset of patients with acne in whom the outlook is favorable with appropriate therapy. PMID- 6211474 TI - Sexuality and the physically disabled. PMID- 6211473 TI - Hardening shrinkage and hygroscopic expansion of composite resins. PMID- 6211475 TI - Seating arrangement as a predictor of small group interaction. AB - Nursing, if it is truly to consider itself a science, must be research-based. This paper demonstrates how Steinzor's work on predicting patterns of small group interaction may be applied to the clinical setting. Steinzor hypothesized that seating arrangements help determine patterns of interaction. Many authors have since added to this hypothesis and their contributions are acknowledged and incorporated into this application study. This study's setting involved two nurses co-leading a counseling group for physically handicapped adults. Findings not only supported Steinzor's work but also point to the need for more studies whose findings may be applied and tested in the practice setting. PMID- 6211476 TI - Laboratory studies on the biology of Mesocyclops leuckarti (Claus). PMID- 6211477 TI - Guineaworm disease in selected rural areas of Dungarpur district, Rajasthan. PMID- 6211478 TI - Ia-positive cells generated by PWM-stimulation within OKT4+ subset interact with OKT8+ cells for inducing active suppression on B cell differentiation in vitro. PMID- 6211479 TI - The regulation of Ig synthesis after marrow transplantation. IV. T4 and T8 subset function in patients with chronic graft-vs-host disease. AB - This study compares pokeweed mitogen-activated immunoglobulin synthesis functions of T, T4 T8, and B cells from 13 marrow graft recipients with chronic graft-vs host disease (GVHD), 10 long-term healthy marrow graft recipients, and 20 normal individuals. T cells expressed helper function (greater than 20% of the control) in eight of 10 long-term healthy patients and in only four of 13 patients with chronic GVHD. T4 cells expressed helper activity in all 10 long-term healthy patients, whereas T4 cells in four of 13 chronic GVHD patients did not express helper activity. Chronic GVHD patients had T cells (eight of 13), T4 cells (four of 13), and T8 cells (11 of 13) that suppressed immunoglobulin synthesis by normal T and B cells greater than 50%; radiosensitive and radioresistant suppressors were detected. Three of 10 patients with chronic GVHD and one of the long-term healthy patients had T4 cells that exhibited suppression. T cells from all 20 normal individuals expressed help and none suppressed immunoglobulin production. Altered T, T4, T8, and B cell functions were more frequent in patients with chronic GVHD than in long-term healthy patients or normals. Variable function within a T cell phenotype, variable radiosensitivity of suppressor cells, and higher frequencies of altered function in patients with chronic GVHD suggest there are different maturational stages expressed in each T cell phenotype. PMID- 6211480 TI - The functional capacity of thymus subpopulations: limit-dilution analysis of all precursors of cytotoxic lymphocytes and of all T cells capable of proliferation in subpopulations separated by the use of peanut agglutinin. PMID- 6211482 TI - The modification of human immunoglobulin binding to staphylococcal protein A using diethylpyrocarbonate. AB - Human IgG subclasses 1, 2, and 4, as well as proteins of the IgG3 subclass that are allotype G3m (s+t+), bind avidly to staphylococcal protein A by means of their Fc portion. Proteins of the IgG3 subclass that are allotype G3m (s-t-) do not bind. The importance of a histidine residue at position 435 has been implicated from comparison of amino acid sequences of immunoglobulins that bind with those that do not bind to staphylococcal protein A, as well as from crystallographic data. Modification of histidines at a low concentration of diethylpyrocarbonate successfully and reversibly alters the binding of immunoglobulins to staphylococcal protein A with only minimal change in the antigenic properties. This method provides strong evidence for the critical importance of histidine in the binding of immunoglobulins to staphylococcal protein A. PMID- 6211481 TI - Isolation of a human erythrocyte membrane glycoprotein with decay-accelerating activity for C3 convertases of the complement system. PMID- 6211483 TI - Two loci in I-J subregion of the H-2 complex controlling molecules selectively expressed on suppressor and helper T cells. AB - Different batches of alloantiserum directed at the I-J subregion products of the H-2 major histocompatibility complex (anti-I-J) induced either suppression or augmentation of the in vitro secondary antibody response when added in a minute quantity to the culture of primed spleen cells. The suppressive or augmenting effect of the individual antiserum was found to be determined by its predominant specificity for either one of the two different molecules, both encoded in the I J subregion, that were selectively expressed on functionally different subsets of T cells, i.e., suppressor (Ts) and helper (Th2) T cells. This was determined by the differential absorption of antiserum with Lyt-1+ and Lyt-2+ T cells as well as with suppressor hybridomas that express an I-Jk product. It was found that the absorption of an anti-I-J antiserum with Lyt-1+ T cells resulted in the loss of activity to eliminate a set of helper T cells (Th2) while leaving the ability to affect antigen-specific suppressor T cells (Ts). The absorption of the same antiserum with either Lyt-2+ T cells or suppressor hybridomas eliminated the activity to kill Ts but not Th2. Thus, the results indicate that the I-J subregion accommodates two or more loci that code for discrete molecules expressed on functionally different subsets of T cells. Because the simple addition of a minute quantity of antisera to the culture resulted in the modulation of antibody response presumably by affecting these two sets of T cells, it is suggested that I-J subregion products act as functional molecules in regulatory cell interactions. PMID- 6211484 TI - Functional properties of T cells in patients with chronic T gamma lymphocytosis and chronic T cell neoplasia. AB - The expanded T cell populations of 10 patients with either T gamma lymphocytosis (five patients) or proven chronic T cell malignancy (five patients) were analyzed with respect to functional activity in vitro, including proliferative responses to mitogens, cytotoxic activity (killer [K] and natural killer [NK] cell activity), and regulatory activity on pokeweed mitogen- (PWM) induced immunoglobulin (Ig) synthesis (help and suppression) in comparison with marker phenotypes. In each of the five patients with T gamma lymphocytosis, only one out of three functionally distinct cell types was found: T gamma-K cells, T gamma-S cells, or T gamma-NK/K cells, which mediated K-cell activity, suppressive activity, and both NK and K cell activity, respectively. An expanded T gamma-K cell population was demonstrated in three patients with neutropenia with or without recurrent infections. T gamma-S cells were found in a patient with severe hypogammaglobulinemia, and T gamma-NK/K cells in one patient with asymptomatic lymphocytosis. T gamma-K and T gamma-S cells had a similar surface-marker profile (E+ or E-, Fc gamma+, OKT1-3+4-8+I1-M1-), whereas that of T gamma-NK/K cells was different (E+, Fc gamma+, OKT1-3-4-8-I1+M1+). Longitudinal studies of three untreated patients with T gamma-K lymphocytosis showed that the abnormalities were persistent but not progressive. In contrast, five patients with chronic T cell malignancy (two with T-CLL, two with cutaneous T cell lymphoma [CTCL], and one with T-PLL) all had progressive disease. The neoplastic cells in these cases were E+, Fc gamma-OKT1+4+6- with variable expression of the OKT3 and OKT8 markers. The only functional activity observed in these cells was suppressive activity by OKT3-4+8- cells from a patient with CTCL. PMID- 6211485 TI - Separate signals for human B cell proliferation and differentiation in response to Staphylococcus aureus: evidence for a two-signal model of B cell activation. PMID- 6211486 TI - Suppressor T cell circuits in contact sensitivity. I. Two mechanistically distinct waves of suppressor T cells occur in mice tolerized with syngeneic DNP modified lymphoid cells. AB - Suppressor T cells induced by the i.v. injection of syngeneic DNP-LC were studied at varying times after tolerization. It was found that 7 days after tolerization both the spleen and lymph nodes of tolerant mice contained Ts active in suppressing the efferent (effector) phase of the contact sensitivity response (Ts eff). At 14 days after tolerization, however, only the spleen showed significant suppressive activity that was active on the afferent (induction) phase of the contact sensitivity response. This second wave of afferent suppression was shown to be mediated by an antigen-specific, Ia-positive T cell (Ts-aff). Ts-aff could also be induced in normal, but not in CY-pretreated mice transfused with lymphoid cells containing primed Ts-eff, provided an appropriate induction period was allowed. Also the activity of Ts-aff, but not of Ts-eff, could be eliminated by treatment with anti-DNP antibody (i.e., idiotype) and C. Thus, Ts-aff appears not to be a maturation stage of Ts-eff. It was also shown that Ts-eff and Ts-aff interacted in an antagonistic fashion; cotransfer of these populations along with DNFB-immune TDH cells neutralized the efferent suppressive activity of Ts-eff for the immune cells, allowing successful passive transfer of immunity. The exact role of this antagonistic interaction is not clear, but it may play a part in maintaining the balance of suppression in the intact animal. The data are discussed in terms of a cellular network in immune suppression and are compared and contrasted to other suppressor systems in which network interactions have been described. PMID- 6211487 TI - Regulatory mechanisms in the mixed lymphocyte reaction: evidence for the requirement of two T cells to interact in the generation of effective suppression. AB - The cellular requirements for suppression of a mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) by in vivo alloantigen-activated spleen cells were investigated. We found that the suppression was mitomycin-resistant at days 3 and 5 after antigen injection. By contrast, it was radiation-sensitive on day 3 but not on day 5. Cell fractionation studies using a plate separation technique monitored by flow microfluorometry were performed. We found that neither purified Lyt-2- cells nor purified Lyt-2+ cells independently could suppress an MLR. By contrast, the reconstituted T population was still suppressive. It also was found that culture supernatant factors from allogeneically in vitro restimulated Lyt-2- cells could suppress an MLR if Lyt-2+ cells were present in the responding population. These data obtained by positive selection and reconstitution show that at least two surface immunoglobulin-negative cells interact for the generation of effective MLR suppression. The possibility that we are dealing with a suppressor-inducer, suppressor-effector system is discussed. PMID- 6211488 TI - Immunosuppressive ATS. V. Analysis of the effect of anti-thymocyte serum on T lymphocyte subsets. AB - The effect of anti-thymocyte serum (ATS) on functional T cell subsets within the immunoregulatory network was examined. We found that low doses of ATS depleted the IL 2-producing subset of T helper cells and higher doses of antiserum also eliminated cytotoxic precursors. It was estimated that a standard low dose of ATS, which reduced T helper cells 80-fold, depleted cytotoxic precursors only about four-fold. The data indicate that ATS acts on different T cell subsets in a dose-dependent fashion and suggest that monoclonal antibodies might be used to preferentially deplete specific T cell subpopulations. Two monoclonal rat anti mouse Lyt sera, however, proved ineffective in inducing functional changes in vivo, although an alloantiserum to Lyt1.1 was able to reduce cell-mediated cytotoxicity in a dose-dependent fashion. The results support the feasibility of specific depletion of T cell subsets with anti-lymphoid antibodies. PMID- 6211489 TI - Comparison of the Fc receptors for IgE on human lymphocytes and monocytes. AB - Fc receptors for IgE (Fc epsilon R) on human peripheral blood lymphocytes and monocytes and cultured lymphoblastoid and macrophage-like cell lines were compared with respect to: 1) binding affinity for radiolabeled IgE, 2) inhibition of IgE-specific rosette formation and inhibition of binding of radiolabeled IgE by an antiserum raised against Fc epsilon R isolated from a lymphoblastoid cell line, and 3) m.w. of radiolabeled cell surface proteins precipitated with the anti-Fc epsilon R serum. Scatchard analysis of 125I-IgE binding to lymphocytes, monocytes, and their corresponding cell lines showed biphasic binding curves with all cell types, from which 2 binding affinities were calculated to be KA = 6.2 +/ 1.1 and 2.0 +/- 0.5 x 10(7) M-1. The anti-Fc epsilon R serum inhibited both IgE rosette formation and binding of radiolabeled IgE by lymphocytes and monocytes but did not inhibit IgE rosettes formed by basophils. The inhibitory activity of the anti-Fc epsilon R serum could be absorbed with Fc epsilon R(+) but not with Fc epsilon R(-) cell lines. The anti-Fc epsilon R serum precipitated 2 peptides having m.w. of approximately 47,000 and 23,000 daltons from lysates of both cell surface-labeled lymphocyte and macrophage cell lines. These data indicate that Fc epsilon R on normal lymphocytes and monocytes, as well as on cultured lymphoblastoid and macrophage-like cells, are related structurally, since they share antigenic determinants, bind IgE with a similar affinity, and have similar m.w. However, they differ in all 3 parameters from Fc epsilon R on basophilic granulocytes. PMID- 6211490 TI - Antibodies in the sera of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus that block the binding of monoclonal anti-Ia to Ia-positive targets also inhibit the autologous mixed lymphocyte response. PMID- 6211491 TI - Effect of trypsinization on the activity of human factor H. PMID- 6211492 TI - Induction of transplantation tolerance in guinea pigs by spleen allografts. II. Responses in the mixed leukocyte reaction correlate with the tolerant state. AB - We have developed a model for the induction of transplantation tolerance in the guinea pig by vascularized spleen allografts. Spleen allografts from strain 13 to strain 2 hosts frequently survived in healthy recipients without clinical GVHD or induced clinical GVHD. (2 x 13)F1 to strain 2 spleen allografts survived indefinitely without inducing GVHD. In contrast, strain 2 spleen allografts were rejected by strain 13 hosts. An excellent correlation was observed between the clinical course and the degree of reactivity to donor strain stimulator cells in the MLR. Animals that had rejected their grafts had normal or enhanced proliferative responses in the MLR. Strain 2 hosts with long-term surviving strain 13 or (2 x 13)F1 grafts had markedly suppressed anti-13 responses. Animals with GVHD had a suppressed MLR toward donor strain stimulator cells with simultaneous reactivity to host strain stimulator cells. Cells capable of suppressing the response of normal host strain cells to donor strain stimulators were present in some long-term surviving animals and may be responsible in part for the maintenance of the tolerant state. PMID- 6211493 TI - Control of lymphocyte stimulation in vitro: "help' and "suppression' in the light of lymphoid population dynamics. PMID- 6211494 TI - Tay-Sachs carrier detection. PMID- 6211495 TI - Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty: successful application in a community hospital. PMID- 6211496 TI - Enrichment of epidermal Langerhans cells: studies with a monolayer technique and flow cytometry sorting. AB - Langerhans cells were enriched from epidermal cell suspensions by a monolayer technique based on the association of Langerhans cells with solid matrix-bound anti-Ia antibodies or by flow cytometry sorting of fluorescein-isothiocyanate labeled anti-Ia reactive cells. The monolayer technique gave a moderate enrichment (15-37%) whereas considerably higher purity (73-87%) was obtained by flow cytometry sorting. The identity of the enriched anti-Ia reactive cells as Langerhans cells was established by histochemical techniques or electron microscopy. The monolayer-enriched Langerhans cells could function as stimulating cells in the mixed leukocyte culture reaction and as antigen-presenting cells. PMID- 6211497 TI - Double identification of surface antigen and membrane enzyme at the electron microscopic level. PMID- 6211498 TI - Accessory and stimulating properties of dendritic cells and macrophages isolated from various rat tissues. AB - Single cell suspensions of rat lymphoid and nonlymphoid tissues were fractionated on discontinuous gradients of bovine serum albumin into high density and low density subfractions. In general, accessory activity required for responses of periodate-treated T lymphocytes was recovered only in a low density population containing a small percent of the total fractionated cells from lymph nodes, spleen, liver, skin, and peritoneal exudates. Further purification always led to an increase of both accessory activity and number of dendritic cells present in nonrosetting and nonadherent populations. After purification, a high recovery of the total accessory activity was found in fractions that contained a high percentage of dendritic cells resulting in a more than 1,000-fold enrichment in accessory activity per cell. No other fraction obtained during the purification contained significant accessory activity. In all cases, macrophage-enriched populations lacked accessory cell activity. With the exception of peritoneal exudate cell preparations, which contained an inhibitory cell, the level of accessory activity in a given population was always found to be a function of the number of dendritic cells present. Dendritic cells from all sources were nonadherent, nonphagocytic, radio- resistant, and nonspecific esterase negative. They expressed Ia antigens and lacked Fc receptors. Both epidermal and lymph node dendritic cells contain Birbeck granules, subcellular structures previously described only for Langerhans cells. Accessory activity requires viable dendritic cells but is unaffected by 1,000 rad of gamma-irradiation. However, ultraviolet irradiation abolished the activity of accessory cells. The cells that responded to periodate were IgG-negative T cells, whereas IgG-positive B cells could not be stimulated under the same conditions. Only periodate-treated T cells and dendritic cells were needed for responses to occur; removal of virtually all macrophages from these purified preparations had no effect. Dendritic cells were also required as stimulators in mixed leukocyte cultures, whereas macrophages, even though Ia positive, were inert. PMID- 6211499 TI - Immunologic studies on the influenza A virus nonstructural protein NS1. AB - We purified the major influenza virus nonstructural protein, designated NS1, from cytoplasmic inclusions that were solubilized and used to raise antisera in rabbits. One of the antisera was found to be specific for NS1 by complement fixation tests and analyses of immune precipitates. Antiserum to NS1 isolated from cells infected with A/WSN/33 virus specifically precipitated NS1 from extracts of cells infected with seven distinct isolates of influenza A virus representing five different antigenic subtypes. These included A/WSN/33, A/PR/8/34, A/FW/5/50, A/USSR/90/77, A/RI/5+/57, A/Victoria/3/75, and A/Swine /1977/31; however, NS1 from cells infected with B/Lee/40 virus was not precipitated. Radioimmunoassays using radioiodinated NS1 protein from A/WSN virus infected cells and unlabeled cytoplasmic extracts of cells infected with various strains of influenza virus as competitors indicated significant antigenic cross reactivities for the NS1 proteins of all influenza A viruses tested. The results suggest a gradual antigenic drift over the 45 yr separating the earliest and most recent virus isolates examined. Thus, compared with the virion neuraminidase and hemagglutinin antigens, NS1 appears to be highly conserved in different influenza A virus isolates. PMID- 6211502 TI - [Maxillary injuries in children]. PMID- 6211501 TI - [Pseudotumoral forms of tuberculosis of the upper aerodigestive tract and its lymphatic drainage area]. PMID- 6211500 TI - Immunoglobulin secretion in the human autologous mixed leukocyte reaction. Definition of a suppressor-amplifier circuit using monoclonal antibodies. AB - The induction of immunoglobulin (Ig) synthesis in the autologous MLR has an absolute requirement for helper/inducer (Leu-3) T cells, whereas an excess of suppressor/cytotoxic (leu-2) cells suppresses the response. The current study was an effort to assess the immunoregulatory potential to T cells activated in the autologous mixed-leukocyte response (MLR). T cells were cultured with autologous non-T cells for 8-9 d, after which the activated T cells were fractionated into subsets with monoclonal antibodies to T cell markers and HLA-DR antigen. Each population was co-cultured in fresh autologous MLR, and on the 8th day of culture, Ig-secreting cells were measured in a reverse hemolytic plaque assay. The results show that activated Leu-2, DR+ T cells, but neither Leu-2, DR- nor Leu-3 T cells, were at least 50 times more potent as suppressors of IgM and IgG synthesis than fresh Leu-2 cells alone. The activation of this Leu-2, DR+ subpopulation required Leu-3 cells in the primary culture. Furthermore, in the absence of Leu-2 cells in the second culture, little or no suppression was observed, suggesting that the Leu-2, DR+ cells act to amplify or induce suppressor effects of fresh Leu-2 cells. This indicates that at least two distinct subpopulations of Leu-2 cells are required for maximal suppression of an immune response, and that immunoregulatory circuits analogous to those described in the mouse exist in man. PMID- 6211503 TI - [Technic and indication for surgery of the frontal sinus]. PMID- 6211504 TI - [The role of nitroglycerin in controlled hypotension in surgery of the middle ear]. PMID- 6211505 TI - [Importance of vigorous ventilation of the middle ear early in the postoperative period in otospongiosis]. PMID- 6211506 TI - [Clear cell adenoma of the parotid. Anatomo-clinical consideration apropos of a case]. PMID- 6211507 TI - [Rapidly developing esthesioneuroblastoma]. PMID- 6211509 TI - [Rehabilitation of the columellar effect]. PMID- 6211508 TI - [Screening for hearing problems in schools. Result of a survey of 500 cases]. PMID- 6211510 TI - [Radical obliteration of hollow petro-mastoid cavities with adipose tissue]. PMID- 6211511 TI - [Physiology of the superior laryngeal nerve]. PMID- 6211512 TI - [Indications and respective results of platinodecompression and endolymphatic sac decompression in the surgical treatment of Meniere's vertigo]. PMID- 6211513 TI - [Cystic adenoid carcinoma of the parotid gland. A case with multifocal bone metastases]. PMID- 6211514 TI - [Use of the laser in acquired laryngostenosis and laryngeal diplegia]. PMID- 6211516 TI - [Parotid tumefaction in autoimmune disease (Sjogren's syndrome). Late metastasis of an adenocarcinoma of the kidney]. PMID- 6211515 TI - [Multiple parenchymatous tumefactions of the parotid gland]. PMID- 6211517 TI - [Acoustic neurinoma]. PMID- 6211518 TI - [Nasal ventilation]. PMID- 6211519 TI - Insoluble glucan synthesis by mutansucrase as a determinant of the cariogenicity of Streptococcus mutans. AB - Five strains of Streptococcus mutans were grown in continuous culture with either a limited supply or an excess of glucose. Proteins secreted into the extracellular fluid by strains C67-1, 3209 and K1 rapidly catalysed the synthesis of insoluble glucan from sucrose (mutansucrase activity). The culture fluid from strains Ingbritt or C67-25 catalysed the synthesis of soluble glucan (dextransucrase activity) and fructan, but little or no mutansucrase activity was detected. The strains which secreted active mutansucrase readily colonized a smooth hard surface during growth in batch culture and were more cariogenic in pathogen-free rats than those which secreted little mutansucrase activity. There was no similar correlation between fructosyltransferase, dextransucrase or total glucosyltransferase activity and either adherence or cariogenicity. We conclude that the ability to catalyse insoluble glucan synthesis is a major determinant of the cariogenicity of S. mutans strains. PMID- 6211520 TI - Comments on "Chronic pain as a variant of depressive disease: the pain-prone disorder". PMID- 6211521 TI - Evidence that the synaptic phosphoprotein B-50 is localized exclusively in nerve tissue. AB - The localization of the phosphoprotein B-50 (molecular weight 48,000 isoelectric point 4.5) in the rat has been studied. Inspection of endogenous phosphorylation patterns of the particulate as well as the cytosolic subcellular fractions from a variety of peripheral organs failed to demonstrate phosphorylation of a molecular weight 48,000 protein. Only in the particulate fractions from brain tissue was there endogenous phosphorylation of the B-50 protein. Two-dimensional analysis (isoelectric focusing and sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis) and in immunochemical detection method employing an anti B-50 antiserum revealed the presence of B-50 in particulate material from brain, but not in that of other tissues. Therefore the data were interpreted as pointing to the localization of B-50 in nervous tissue. In addition, the regional distribution of endogenous B-50 phosphorylation was studied using synaptosomal plasma membranes (SPM) obtained from individual rat brain regions. The highest value was found in SPM of septal origin, the lowest in SPM from the medulla spinalis. The relationship of the high value for B-50 phosphorylation in the septum to the sensitivity of that brain area to ACTH1-24 is discussed. PMID- 6211523 TI - Tissue, subcellular, and submitochondrial distributions of semidehydroascorbate reductase: possible role of semidehydroascorbate reductase in cofactor regeneration. AB - The immediate product of ascorbate oxidation coupled to dopamine-beta hydroxylation is not dehydroascorbate, as previously thought, but rather semidehydroascorbate. For this reason, the possible participation of the enzyme semidehydroascorbate reductase (SDR) in cofactor regeneration was investigated. In the adrenal medulla, the primary subcellular localization of this reductase was shown to be in the mitochondria. Submitochondrial fractionation studies indicated that SDR is an outer membrane protein. Thus, although dopamine-beta hydroxylase and SDR have different subcellular localizations, a physiological role for SDR in beta-hydroxylation still appears plausible through reduction of cytosolic semidehydroascorbate. The specific activities of SDR in various rat and guinea pig tissues appear to parallel their ascorbate contents, suggesting a similar participation of SDR in ascorbate metabolism in other tissues. PMID- 6211522 TI - Purification and mode of action of synexin: a protein enhancing calcium-induced membrane aggregation. AB - Synexin, a protein from the cytosol of the adrenal medulla, selectively increases the ability of Ca2+ to aggregate chromaffin granules and other membrane-bound particles. The ability of synexin to self-aggregate in the presence of Ca2+ can be employed in the purification of the protein by monitoring purification with parallel assays that utilize the aggregation of both chromaffin granule membranes and phosphatidylserine liposomes. It is shown that the enhancement of the Ca2+ induced aggregation of both liposomes and chromaffin granule membranes is a property associated with a 47,000 Mr protein. Trypsin inactivated synexin. We found that if granule membranes were well washed after trypsin treatment, they were still excellent substrates for synexin aggregation. This finding cannot be explained by extinction changes owing to synexin self-aggregation. The 47,000 Mr protein enhancement Ca2+ aggregation of phosphatidylserine liposomes containing up to 40% phosphatidylcholine, liposomes made from lipids extracted from chromaffin granule membranes, and trypsin-treated chromaffin granule membranes, thus suggesting that synexin activity in vivo may be independent of specific membrane proteins but dependent on the presence of acidic phospholipids in the membrane. PMID- 6211525 TI - Extrusion of a peritoneal catheter through the abdominal wall in an infant. Case report. PMID- 6211524 TI - Lack of effect of 4-aminopyridine on choreic movements. PMID- 6211526 TI - Scintigraphic evaluation of diabetic osteomyelitis: concise communication. AB - We have reviewed the three-phase bone scans, radiographs, and histologic findings of 39 diabetic patients with serious foot problems. The sensitivity and specificity of bone scans were 83% and 75%, respectively, for osteomyelitis of the small bones of the foot. The positive and negative predictive values were 87% and 69%, respectively. The radiographs were less sensitive (62%) and less specific (69%), with predictive values of 80% (positive) and 47% (negative). PMID- 6211527 TI - Congenital hypoplastic anemia (Diamond-Blackfan syndrome). PMID- 6211528 TI - Dental extractions in patients with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia. AB - Dental extractions in patients with leukemia are controversial, since they may lead to hemorrhage, delayed wound healing and infection. However, the retention of diseased teeth in these patients may also lead to infectious complications during chemotherapy. With adequate hematologic values and specific surgical techniques, 119 extractions were performed on 28 patients with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia. No serious adverse sequelae occurred, and the prevalence of other adverse affects was comparable with that in nonleukemic patients. It is concluded that with proper precautions, extractions can be performed on these patients. PMID- 6211529 TI - Skeletal muscle calcergy. AB - The subcutaneous injection of mast cell degranulators in the mouse is followed by calcification of fibres of the Panniculus Carnosus muscle. This reaction is seen in damaged fibres adjacent to a central zone of complete necrosis. Calcification of muscle fibres is also seen after the injection of KMnO4 but this uniformly affects the fibres at the site of reaction. Quantitative studies of the latter model and qualitative studies of the former show that treatments with the diphosphonates EHDP and Cl2MDP do not influence the calcific responses. It is suggested that the inducing chemicals interact with the muscle fibre membrane causing membrane dysfunction and a resultant influx of calcium ions. It has been proposed that this is a pathogenetic mechanism in various myopathies and that prevention of net calcium ion influx might form a basis for treatment. In this context, the results of the present experiments suggest that the diphosphonates would be unlikely to efficacious in this regard. PMID- 6211530 TI - The effects of disodium ethane-hydroxy-1,1-diphosphonate and disodium dichloromethylene diphosphonate on lanthanide-induced calcergy. AB - Systemic treatment with disodium ethane-hydroxy-1,1-diphosphonate is ineffective in inhibiting the calcergenic reactions induced in mouse skin by the lanthanides. In contrast, disodium dichloromethylene diphosphonate prevents lanthanide calcergy induced by 12 of the 15 compounds tested but only when treatment with Cl2MDP is given prior to the subcutaneous (sc) injection of the lanthanide. This is the first experimental calcification system in which EHDP was ineffective in inhibiting the calcification and the first in which Cl2MDP was found to be effective in this regard. It is increasingly apparent that individual members of the diphosphonates show variable anti-calcific effects, that the activity of one particular compound may vary from one test system to another and that the time of application of treatment of the compounds in respect to the application of the initiating stimulus to calcification may be an important factor in determining the efficacy of a particular compound. PMID- 6211531 TI - A diagnostic index for Down syndrome. AB - We have made use of eight phenotypic findings of Down syndrome to develop an effective diagnostic index. We estimate that about 95% of patients who are suspected of having the syndrome can be categorized as having or not having it with 99.9% confidence. One can thereby make a fast clinical diagnosis on the majority of suspects before karyotyping is complete, allowing one to inform parents soon after birth and, in some instances, to make medical decisions about life-threatening defects. Furthermore, one can avoid the expense of chromosome studies on most patients who do not have the syndrome, unless there are other indications for chromosome studies. The eight features used in the index include three dermatoglyphic traits (hallucal and forefinger pattern, and palmar triradius), two measurements of physical traits (ear length and internipple distance), and three other clinical findings (Brushfield spots, wide-spaced first toe, and excess back neck skin). PMID- 6211532 TI - Penetration of moxalactam into CSF. PMID- 6211533 TI - Differences between gingivitis and periodontitis associated microbial flora in the beagle dog. Relationship of plaque parameters to histological parameters of periodontal disease. PMID- 6211534 TI - Effects of supervised chlorhexidine mouthrinses in children. A longitudinal clinical trial. PMID- 6211535 TI - Microbiological studies on early dento-gingival plaque on teeth and Mylar strips in humans. PMID- 6211536 TI - Immunoelectron microscopic studies of Actinomyces viscosus. PMID- 6211537 TI - Functional characterization of human gingival lymphocytes. Cytotoxic activity. PMID- 6211538 TI - Attachment of periodontal ligament fibroblasts to the extracellular matrix in the squirrel monkey. PMID- 6211539 TI - Interexaminer agreement in the measurement of periodontal disease. PMID- 6211540 TI - The effect of indomethacin on alveolar bone loss in experimental periodontitis. PMID- 6211541 TI - HPLC determination of D and L moxalactam in human serum and urine. AB - A high-pressure liquid chromatographic procedure was developed to determine the D and L isomers of moxalactam in human plasma and urine. After protein precipitation with hydrochloric acid the sample was extracted with ethyl acetate. It was then back extracted into tromethamine buffer (pH 8.0) and washed with octanol. Extraction recovery from plasma ranged from 73-81%. An aliquot of the tromethamine buffer was then injected onto a C18-muBondapak column. The mobile phase was 3% acetonitrile in 0.05 M ammonium acetate pH 6.5 buffer. Samples were quantitated by UV detection at 275 nm and 0.01 aufs. The lower limit of detection was 0.5 microgram/ml for each isomer. Preliminary stability studies were performed to assess proper sample handling and storage conditions. The procedure was evaluated in a clinical setting to demonstrate its applicability to the study of moxalactam pharmacokinetics in critically ill patients. PMID- 6211542 TI - Retentiveness of enamel-resin bonds using unfilled and filled resins. PMID- 6211543 TI - The relationship of weight loss to surface roughness of composite resins from simulated toothbrushing. AB - This study was designed to measure percentage of weight loss during simulated toothbrushing of five different composite resins. The surface roughness of each composite resin was also measured after each year of simulated toothbrushing for a period of 5 years. The following conclusions were reached: 1. Despite the loss of toothbrush efficiency, all composite resins tested tended to have a decreasing wear rate with the increasing time of toothbrushing. 2. Profile (with a soft filler) and Isopast (with a microsized filler) showed the greatest resistance to abrasion and retained the smoothest surface. 3. Prestige, which demonstrated the greatest percent weight loss, also has a soft barium filler. Loss of the filler as an alkaline reaction in water due to soluble barium compounds may cause the binder to release filler particles prematurely. PMID- 6211544 TI - [Rotatory anomaly of the lumbar spine from asymmetry of posterior articular facets (author's transl)]. AB - Radiographs of the lumbar spine frequently demonstrate asymmetry of posterior articular facets, but this is asymptomatic in patients with good abdominal and lumbar muscles when the anomaly is only of a moderate degree. It can, however, cause rotatory instability of the subjacent vertebra leading to lumbago. It is then frequently associated with osteo-articular complications affecting the posterior arch, this being a logical consequence of a sequence of changes which can be explained by simple mechanical factors. PMID- 6211545 TI - Nonoperative management of ectopic pregnancy. A preliminary report. AB - The incidence of ectopic pregnancy is increasing throughout the Western world; at present it is uncertain how much of this increase is due to the disease and/or its antecedents and how much due to better means of diagnosis. That the treatment of the obvious or ruptured ectopic pregnancy should be surgical is beyond doubt. However, in view of the natural tendency of some ectopic pregnancies to terminate in tubal abortion or complete resorption, it is questionable whether surgery is always necessary in every early case or whether some patients can be monitored by means of rising or falling levels of beta subunits of human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) until tubal abortion or resorption occurs. This may be the best means of preserving tubal function and fertility. PMID- 6211546 TI - Endometriosis in adolescents. AB - Traditional gynecologic opinion holds that endometriosis is rare in teenagers. However, several reports of this disease in teenagers have appeared over the past four decades, and in one study of a series of endometriosis patients, teenagers accounted for 8.5% of them. With these facts in mind, 43 consecutive laparoscopies were prospectively analyzed in symptomatic teenagers. A 65% incidence of endometriosis was found. The symptoms and physical findings are analyzed. The liberal use of diagnostic laparoscopy in selected symptomatic adolescents is recommended for the early diagnosis and aggressive preventive treatment of this common and potentially crippling illness. PMID- 6211547 TI - Irreversible enzyme inhibitors. 202. Candidate active-site-directed irreversible inhibitors of 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine phosphorylase from Walker 256 rat tumor derived from 1-benzyl-5-(3-ethoxybenzyl)uracil. AB - Six candidate irreversible inhibitors of uridine--deoxyuridine phosphorylase (EC 2.4.2.3) from Walker 256 rat tumor were synthesized. These compounds connect a terminal sulfonyl fluoride group to the 1-benzyl moiety of 1-benzyl-5-(3 ethoxybenzyl)uracil (9). Although none of the compounds were irreversible inhibitors, the four 3-[(fluorosulfonyl)benzamido] analogues (14-17) of 9 were good reversible inhibitors of the enzyme which were complexed from 125- to 360 fold better than the substrate, 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine. PMID- 6211548 TI - Mercuric chloride in alcohol and chloroform used as a rapidly acting fixative for contracting muscle fibres. PMID- 6211549 TI - Structure of the scaffold in bacteriophage lambda preheads removal of the scaffold leads to a change of the prehead shell. PMID- 6211550 TI - Cloned bacteriophage phi X174 DNA sequence interferes with synthesis of the complementary strand of infecting bacteriophage phi X174. AB - The insertion of a particular phi X DNA sequence in the plasmid pACYC177 strongly decreased the capacity of Escherichia coli cells containing such a plasmid to propagate bacteriophage phi X174. The smallest DNA sequence tested that showed the effect was the HindII fragment R4. This fragment does not code for a complete protein. It contains the sequence specifying the C-terminal part of the gene H protein and the N-terminal part of the gene A protein, as well as the noncoding region between these genes. Analysis of cells that contain plasmids with the "reduction sequence" showed that (i) the adsorption of the phages to the host cells is normal, (ii) in a single infection cycle much less phage is formed, (iii) only 10% of the infecting viral single-stranded DNA is converted to double stranded replicative-form DNA, and (iv) less progeny replicative form DNA is synthesized. The reduction process is phi X174 specific, since the growth of the related G4 and St-1 phages was not affected in these cells. The effect of the recombinant plasmids on infecting phage DNA shows similarity to the process of superinfection exclusion. PMID- 6211552 TI - Mechanism of replication of bacteriophage phi X174 XIX. Initiation of phi X174 viral strand DNA synthesis at internal sites on the genome. AB - Bacteriophage phi X174 viral strand DNA molecules shorter than genome length found late in the infectious cycle in Escherichia coli were 5' end labeled with 32P. Hybridization of the 32P-labeled molecules to restriction enzyme fragments of phi X replicative form DNA revealed an excess of phi X molecules whose 5' ends mapped in HaeIII fragments Z3 and Z4 in comparison with fragments Z1 and Z2. This suggests that initiation of phi X174 viral strand DNA synthesis may occur at internal sites on the complementary strand. There are several appropriately located sequences that might serve as n' (factor Y) recognition sequences and thereby facilitate discontinuous synthesis of the viral strand. PMID- 6211553 TI - Effect of hormonal deprivation on the bladder defense mechanism. AB - The mucopolysaccharide (MPS) layer of the bladder has been implicated as a bacterial anti-adherence factor in previous experimentation. Production of MPS is known to be related to hormones in other systems of the body and probably to the urinary system. Due to the known rising incidence of urinary tract infection in most menopausal females, an experimental model using oophorectomized rabbits was designed. Oophorectomized and control rabbits were observed for their ability to clear their bladder of experimentally induced Escherichia coli 04 infections. There was a 2-fold increase in the mean number of days for clearance of bacteria among oophorectomized rabbits versus control rabbits. Twice as many rabbits cleared their infection within 1 week in the control population versus the oophorectomized population. To further examine the relationship of oophorectomy to urinary tract infection, a group of 1030 female canines in an animal veterinary practice was studied. It was found that the incidence of infection was higher in the spayed population than in the non-spayed group. The non-spayed group seem to have an age dependent history of urinary infection whereas ovariohysterectomy appeared to abolish this relationship to age. PMID- 6211554 TI - Immunological effects of vasectomy. PMID- 6211551 TI - Transfection of Escherichia coli spheroplasts with a bacteriophage Mu DNA-protein complex. AB - We disrupted bacteriophage Mu particles by freeze-thaw treatment and recovered the DNA by CsCl density gradient centrifugation. This CsCl-purified DNA had a buoyant density which was indistinguishable from that of phenol-extracted Mu DNA. It was, however, 10(3) times more infective than phenol-extracted DNA for spheroplasts of exoV endI Escherichia coli. Infectivity was destroyed by proteinase K as well as by pancreatic DNase, indicating that the infective form was a DNA-protein complex. The infective properties of the complex demonstrated that the protein protects. Mu DNA against degradation by exonuclease V and that it serves at least one other function in bacteriophage Mu infection. The infectivity of the CsCl-purified DNA was due to a small class of highly infective molecules which sedimented 1.2. times faster than phenol-extracted Mu DNA on neutral sucrose gradients. This change in sedimentation rate is best explained by the formation of protein-linked circular monomers or linear dimers of Mu DNA. In vitro labeling of the DNA-protein complex, followed by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, showed that the CsCl-purified DNA contained a noncovalently associated 65,000-dalton polypeptide. A 65,000-dalton protein was also found to be a minor component of the bacteriophage Mu particle. No protein was found in phenol-extracted Mu DNA. These results suggest that the 65,000 dalton protein is necessary for successful phage infection and is normally injected into the host cell with the Mu genome. PMID- 6211555 TI - The use of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty for renal artery stenosis in patients with generalized atherosclerosis. AB - From April 1979 to March 1981 percutaneous transluminal angioplasty was attempted in 27 patients with atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis. In 13 patients percutaneous transluminal angioplasty was considered successful with a decrease in blood pressure and/or improvement in renal function. Dilation of the stenosed renal artery was not technically possible in 4 patients and was unsuccessful in 10. Eight patients required surgical intervention after percutaneous transluminal angioplasty, including 4 electric operations and 4 done on an emergency basis. In our series 5 patients sustained intimal tears of the renal artery during percutaneous transluminal angioplasty with intramural dissection and/or thrombosis. Continued multidisciplinary evaluation of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty in the treatment of renal artery stenosis is recommended. PMID- 6211556 TI - Urologic anomalies associated with an absent uterus. PMID- 6211557 TI - The physician and the handicapped child. Dilemmas of care. PMID- 6211558 TI - Fixed drug eruption from chlorphenesin carbamate. PMID- 6211559 TI - Treatment of angina pectoris by percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. AB - Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) was performed on 12 patients with angina pectoris. PTCA reduced the percentage of stenosis of the coronary artery from 75.6 +/- 10.1 (means +/- SD) to 32.6 +/- 19.5. In addition, anginal attacks per week was reduced from 8.4 +/- 3.2 to 2.5 +/- 0.7. No life threatening complications were produced by PTCA. The results indicates the effectiveness of PTCA as a treatment for angina pectoris. PMID- 6211560 TI - Surgical treatment on mitral valvular disease with giant left atrium-the effect of para-annular plication on left atrium. AB - In severe mitral valvular disease with a giant left atrium, there occur such abnormal findings as the compression and bending of the basal portion of the posterior wall of the left ventricle accompanied by its paradoxical movement. Following mitral valve replacement in this group of patients, it was found that the strut of the artificial valve is apt to lean against the ventricular septum and the inflow stream of blood was directed toward outflow tract of the left ventricle, appearing to be obstructed by the ventricular septum. Here, we devised a new surgical method, para-annular plication, for patients with a giant left atrium. By this procedure, the compression and bending of the basal portion of the posterior wall of the left ventricle and the paradoxical movement were all relieved. The abnormal angle of the mitral valvular ring was corrected, the strut of the artificial valve was free from contact with the ventricular septum and the inflow stream of blood was directed toward the apex of the ventricle in usual manner. The overall operative result for giant left atrium has been markedly improved by this procedure. PMID- 6211561 TI - [Regulatory factors for allosteric enzymes]. PMID- 6211562 TI - Fecal excretion of Yersinia enterocolitica in mice and rats inoculated intragastrically. PMID- 6211563 TI - Relation of the serum agglutinin and the fecal excretion of Yersinia enterocolitica 03 in mice. PMID- 6211564 TI - Isolation of phages for typing of Staphylococcus intermedius isolated from horses. PMID- 6211565 TI - Summertime hazards. PMID- 6211566 TI - Renal and systemic acid-base effects of the chronic administration of hypercalcemia-producing agents: calcitriol, PTH, and intravenous calcium. PMID- 6211567 TI - [Use of electromagnetic flowmetering in cardiovascular surgery]. PMID- 6211569 TI - [Clinicopathogenetic importance of the status of the granulocytic chalone system in jaundice of various origins]. PMID- 6211570 TI - Hypothermia and gastric lesions in rats exposed to immobilization stress. PMID- 6211568 TI - [New dressing materials and agents (review of the literature)]. PMID- 6211572 TI - Crufomate residues in milk and milk products following treatment of dairy cows for warble-fly. PMID- 6211571 TI - Mercuric chloride-induced acute renal failure in the rat. I. Correlation of functional and morphologic changes and their modification by clonidine. PMID- 6211573 TI - Sickness absence due to back lesions in coal miners. PMID- 6211574 TI - What is disabled person? PMID- 6211575 TI - Electrical conditioning of in situ skeletal muscle for replacement of myocardium. PMID- 6211576 TI - Distribution of adenylates, water, potassium, and sodium within the normal and hypertrophied canine heart following 2 hr of preservation. PMID- 6211577 TI - Improved tolerance to ischemia in hypertrophied myocardium by preischemic enhancement of adenosine triphosphate. AB - In prior studies from this laboratory to determine the mechanisms whereby hypertrophied myocardium is more sensitive to ischemic injury than normal myocardium, it was demonstrated that hypertrophied rat hearts have lower basal high-energy phosphate levels and develop ischemic contracture sooner than normal myocardium. The purposes of this study were (1) to determine if the decrease in myocardial adenosine triphosphate (ATP) was associated with the increased rate of ischemic contracture and (2) to determine if arrest and perfusion of hypertrophied myocardium prior to the ischemic interval would allow recovery of high-energy phosphate stores and improve tolerance to ischemia. ATP levels were measured in isolated normal and hypertrophied rat hearts during (1) control nonworking Langendorff perfusion, (2)2 minutes of potassium chloride-arrested perfusion (30 mEq/L), or (3) 15 minutes of potassium chloride-arrested perfusion (30 mEq/L). Both groups were then made globally ischemic (37 degrees C) and the time to ischemic contracture recorded. Hypertrophied hearts were produced by permanent banding of the ascending aorta and confirmed by left ventricular (mg) body weight (gm) ratios (normal, 1.95 wet, p less than 0.05). After 2 minutes of mechanical arrest the time to ischemic contracture was increased 75% +/- 10% in normal and 44% +/- 4% in hypertrophied hearts. After 15 minutes of mechanical arrest with perfusion, hypertrophied myocardium re-established normal ATP levels and increased its time to ischemic contracture by 130% +/- 7%. These studies suggest that during potassium chloride arrest, additional preischemic metabolic recovery is possible by hypertrophied myocardium and leads to increased tolerance to ischemia beyond that accomplished by cessation of mechanical activity alone. This effect is seen only to a minor degree in normal myocardium. PMID- 6211578 TI - Right Ventricular endomyocardial biopsy: clinicopathologic correlates in 100 consecutive patients. AB - The first 100 consecutive patients to undergo right ventricular endomyocardial biopsy at the Mayo Clinic were divided retrospectively into five groups, depending on the prebiopsy clinical diagnosis, and the biopsies were review histologically in a single-blind format. Group 1 consisted of 34 patients with a diagnosis of unexplained congestive heart failure and a dilated heart; of these, 4 (12%) had active myocarditis by biopsy. Of the six patients in group 2 with a clinical diagnosis of myocarditis, only one (17%) had biopsy evidence of inflammation, but two (33%) had changes that, in the clinical setting, were suggestive of cardiomyopathy. Group 3 consisted of 27 patients with dysrhythmia, syncope, or cardiac arrest but without congestive heart failure; of these, 4 (15%) had active myocarditis by biopsy, and 8 (30%) had changes that, with the clinical history, were consistent with cardiomyopathy. Group 4 included 19 patients with unexplained congestive heart failure and a nondilated heart; 4 (21%) had cardiac amyloid on biopsy. Group 5 was a diverse group of 14 patients with possible cardiac involvement by a known systemic disease; myocardial disease was documented by biopsy in 7 (50%). On the basis of these findings, we recommend endomyocardial biopsy (1) in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy in whom myocarditis is suspected, (2) in patients with the clinical diagnosis of active myocarditis in whom tissue documentation is indicated before treatment with anti inflammatory or immunosuppressive drugs, (3) in patients with clinically unexplained life-threatening dysrhythmias in whom myocarditis or cardiomyopathy may be present, and (4) in patients with apparent hypertrophic or restrictive cardiomyopathy in whom cardiac amyloid may be present. PMID- 6211579 TI - In vitro life span and "unscheduled DNA synthesis" in subconfluent cultures and clones of trisomic and normal diploid fibroblasts. AB - "Unscheduled DNA synthesis" as measured autoradiographically after exposure to ultraviolet light irradiation was determined in subconfluent fibroblast culture in different clones from two patients with Down's syndrome and in normal diploid human fibroblasts. The trisomic fibroblast cultures exhibited a marked reduction and clonal heterogeneity in repair capacities as well as reduced in vitro life spans when compared to the diploid control cells. PMID- 6211580 TI - Selective decline in differentiating capacity of immunohemopoietic stem cells with aging. AB - Bone marrow (BM) from young (3 months) and old (24 months) C57BL/6J mice were tested for the total number of colony forming units, which remain unchanged with age. The BM from both groups was used to reconstitute syngeneic, lethally irradiated mice that were 3 months' old. The reconstituted mice were followed for a period of 12 months for their ability to generate cell-mediated responses in mixed lymphocytic cultures and cultures containing the T mitogens--concanavalin A and phytohemagglutinin. For the first 8 months, mice given BM from young or old mice responded to a similar degree. Later, cellular immune responses of the mice reconstituted with BM from old mice declined markedly compared to those reconstituted with BM from young mice, although there was no detectable difference between the two groups in the hematopoietic compartment. PMID- 6211581 TI - In vivo and in vitro antilipolytic effects of some various substituted homocysteine-thiolactone-nicotinamides: structure-activity study. AB - The antilipolytic activity of homocysteine-thiolactone-nicotinamide (ST22) and in 2-chloro (ST71), 6-chloro (ST82) and 6-hydroxy (ST90) derivatives was investigated by evaluation of serum free fatty acids (FFA) and triglycerides (TG) (in vivo) and FFA release from adipose tissue (in vitro). Increased FFA levels in 17-hr fasted rats at 60 min following treatment with 7 . 10(-4) mol kg-1 p.o. were reduced by 70% (ST22), 60% (ST82) and 18% (ST71), whereas ST90 provoked no change; TG levels showed similar changes. Basal FFA release from epididymal rat adipose tissue at 60 min following treatment with 7 . 10(-4) mol kg-1 p.o. of ST22 and ST82 was reduced by 79 and 45%, respectively. Lipid mobilization induced by noradrenaline (NA) was diversely affected by the compounds according to the tests employed: with in vivo experiments, serum FFA levels were reduced by 60, 70, 10 and 5% at 60 min following treatment with ST22, ST82, ST71 and ST90, respectively (7 . 10(-4) mol kg-1 p.o.; NA bitartrate, 2 mg kg-1 s.c.); in vitro, ST22 produced no change, whereas the other compounds induced a significant mobilization of FFA. The results suggest that: (a) antilipolytic activity can be greatly modified when various substituents capable of influencing either the inductive (-I) or the resonance (+M) effect are introduced into the different positions of the pyridine ring; and (b) the lipolysis experiments did not evince any direct relationship between the effects obtained by the in vivo tests and those obtained by the in vitro tests. PMID- 6211582 TI - [Role of the journal "Meditsinskaia Radiologiia" in the development of radiotherapy in the USSR]. PMID- 6211584 TI - [Organization of the nurse's work in a specialty office]. PMID- 6211583 TI - [Renal artery scanning in non-neoplastic kidney diseases]. PMID- 6211585 TI - [Training of paramedical workers in the operation of medical equipment]. PMID- 6211586 TI - [Therapy of lumbar sciatica. A comparative clinical study of a corticoid-free monosubstance and a corticoid-containing combination drug]. PMID- 6211587 TI - [Painful blue spots (Gardner-Diamond syndrome). An interdisciplinary complex of symptoms]. PMID- 6211588 TI - Integrating a Down's syndrome child in a classwide peer tutoring system: a case report. PMID- 6211590 TI - Construction of recombinant lambda phages that carry the E. coli recB and recC genes. AB - A fragment of the E. coli chromosome including the recC gene has been cloned by in vitro recombinant DNA techniques into a phage lambda vector to give the recombinant phage lambda drecC. This was used to derive the phage lambda drecBC by in vivo recombination. On lysogenisation of recB and recC mutants with lambda drecBC wild levels of UV-resistance and RecBC DNase activity were restored. Infection of E coli with lambda drecBC led to the synthesis of phage-coded proteins of 125 kilodaltons (kd) and 135 kd that were not synthesised on infection with the original lambda vector, whereas a 125 kd protein but not a 135 kd protein was synthesised in similar experiments with lambda drecC. The recombinant phages, which are unable to form plaques, presumably due to the deletion of essential phage genes during their construction, provided useful starting points from which to subclone the recB, recC, and the neighbouring thyA and argA genes individually into multiple copy plasmid vectors. PMID- 6211589 TI - Postreplication repair in Neurospora crassa. AB - Changes in the molecular weight of nascent DNA made after ultraviolet (UV) irradiation have been studied in the excision-defective Neurospora mutant uvs-2 using isotopic pulse labeling, alkaline gradient centrifugation and alkaline filter elution. Both the size of nascent DNA and the rate of incorporation of label into DNA was reduced by UV light in a dose dependent manner. However, this DNA repair mutant did recover the ability to synthesize control-like high molecular weight DNA 3 hours after UV treatment, although the rate of DNA synthesis remained depressed after the temporary block to elongation (or ligation) had been overcome. Photoreactivation partially eliminated the depression of DNA synthesis rate and UV light killing of cells, providing strong evidence that the effects on DNA synthesis and killing were caused by pyrimidine cyclobutane dimers. The caffeine inhibition repair studies performed were difficult to quantitate but did suggest either partial inhibition of a single repair pathway or alternate postreplication DNA repair pathways in Neurospora. No enhancement in killing was detected after UV irradiation when cells were grown on caffeine containing plates. PMID- 6211591 TI - Constitutive expression of SOS functions and modulation of mutagenesis resulting from resolution of genetic instability at or near the recA locus of Escherichia coli. AB - Cellular activities normally inducible by DNA damage (SOS functions) are expressed, without DNA damage, in recA441 (formerly tif-1) mutants of Escherichia coli at 42 degrees C but not at 30 degrees C. We describe a strain (SC30) that expresses SOS functions (including mutator activity, prophage induction and copious synthesis of recA protein) constitutively at both temperatures. SC30 is one of four stable subclones (SC strains) derived from an unstable recombinant obtained in a conjugation between a recA441 K12 donor and a recA+ B/r-derived recipient. SC30 does not owe its SOS-constitutive phenotype to a mutation in the lexA gene (which codes the repressor of recA and other DNA damage-inducible genes), since it is lexA+. Each of the SC strains expresses SOS functions in a distinctively anomalous way. We show that the genetic basis for the differences in SOS expression among the SC strains is located at or very near the recA locus. We propose that resolution of genetic instability in this region, in the original recombinant, has altered the pattern of expression of SOS functions in the SC strains. PMID- 6211592 TI - Alteration of ribosomal protein S5 from two spectinomycin-resistant mutants of Bacillus subtilis: deletion of one amino acid residue. PMID- 6211594 TI - Acne vulgaris in a family practitioner's clinic. PMID- 6211593 TI - Analysis of lambda receptor and beta-lactamase synthesis and export using cloned genes in a minicell system. AB - We have cloned lamB, the gene for lambda receptor (an outer membrane protein), on a small plasmid which also carries the gene for beta-lactamase (a periplasmic protein). We have identified a promoter in the region of malK, the gene immediately preceding lamB, which is active in minicells but relatively inactive in vitro. Using a minicell system, we have found that both lambda receptor and beta-lactamase are made as full length precursors which are subsequently processed. We also show that the lambda receptor precursor can be exported to the outer membrane before it is processed. Mature beta-lactamase is found only in the periplasm, suggesting that processing may be a requirement for export to the periplasm. PMID- 6211595 TI - Laparoscopic sterilization with fallope rings - a Malaysian experience. PMID- 6211596 TI - Immunological factors in uveitis. PMID- 6211597 TI - The Leicester case. PMID- 6211598 TI - "Compo": where will it end? PMID- 6211599 TI - Painless jogging for 15 000 km after a lumbosacral stabilisation with screws and cement. PMID- 6211600 TI - [Psychorheumatology - a new dimension in approaching back and joint diseases]. PMID- 6211601 TI - Benoxaprofen (Oraflex) and piroxicam (Feldene): two new drugs for arthritis. PMID- 6211602 TI - [Role of navigation canals in the spread of diphyllobothriasis]. PMID- 6211603 TI - [Determination of the intensity of infection transmission and of the season of mass trichocephaliasis infestation on the Apsheron Peninsula and in the area of the Greater Caucasus]. PMID- 6211604 TI - [Soil self-purification of ascarid eggs and the length of time for their development in Mogilev Province]. PMID- 6211605 TI - [Organizational problems of helminthological services to the population]. PMID- 6211606 TI - [Comparative infectivity of geohelminthiases in a population living in and outside an area affected by a swine-breeding farm complex]. PMID- 6211607 TI - [Effectiveness of different forms of fenasal in the mass treatment of diphyllobothriasis]. PMID- 6211608 TI - [Enterobiasis prevention problem in the RSFSR]. PMID- 6211609 TI - An oligomycin-resistant Mg2+-dependent ATPase in rabbit bone marrow mitochondria. AB - Rabbit bone marrow mitochondria isolated by differential centrifugation showed typical oxypolarographic tracings with glutamate oxidation with ADP:O ratio of 2.9. Similar results were obtained with liver mitochondria of the same animal. When marrow mitochondria were oxydizing a substrate such as glutamate, added MgCl2 markedly stimulated state-4 respiration giving a respiratory rate identical to that of state-3. In contrast, no Mg2+-stimulation was observed with liver mitochondria. Oligomycin completely blocked the stimulation by Mg2+ but further addition of 2,4-dinitrophenol reactivated the oxygen consumption by uncoupling. Further purification of marrow mitochondria by density gradient centrifugation in Percoll provided identical oxypolarographic results. Moreover, when marrow mitochondria were incubated without Mg2+, they showed a low ATPase activity that was stimulated by 2,4-dinitrophenol and blocked by oligomycin. The presence of Mg2+ in the incubation medium uncovered an additional ATPase activity which was resistant to oligomycin and apparently unaffected by 2,4-dinitrophenol. It is concluded that bone marrow mitochondria possess two types of ATPase activity distinguished on the basis of their reactivity with oligomycin, 2,4-dinitrophenol and Mg2+. PMID- 6211611 TI - [Simple determination and normal values of 9 lymphocyte subpopulations in children (author's transl)]. PMID- 6211610 TI - Affinity maturation of NZB and BALB/cV mice anti-fluorescyl response. PMID- 6211612 TI - [Dosage of Cefoperazone in Normal and Restricted Renal Function (author's transl]. PMID- 6211613 TI - [Allergic diseases caused by immune complex type III: alveolitis, vasculitis]. PMID- 6211614 TI - Sister-chromatid exchanges and cell-cycle delay in Chinese hamster V79 cells treated with 9 organophosphorus compounds (8 pesticides and 1 defoliant). AB - Significant increase of sister-chromatid exchanges (SCE) in V79 cells treated with 2 organophosphorus pesticides (OPP), fenthion and oxydemeton-methyl, was observed. The other 7 compounds (6 OPP and 1 defoliant) namely, amaze, azinphos methyl, bolstar, DEF-defoliant, fensulfothion, monitor and nemacur caused no increase of SCE frequencies at the doses tested. All the compounds except fensulfothion and oxydemeton-methyl induced cell-cycle delay in varying degrees. Cell-cycle delay caused by an OPP was found to be dose-dependent. Based on these data as well as others reported, it would appear that OPP which induce no SCE increase and no or slight cell-cycle delay could be considered as good candidates to substitute the pesticides that have been found to be harmful to the environment. PMID- 6211615 TI - A simplified method for the simultaneous detection of intragenic and intergenic mutations (deletions) in Neurospora crassa. PMID- 6211616 TI - Identification and characterisation of two N-acetylglucosaminyltransferases associated with Trypanosoma Brucei microsomes. AB - Microsomes forom Trypanosoma brucei contain glycosyltransferases able to incorporate N-[14C]acetylglucosamine into two different types of acceptors. A first transferase catalyzes the transfer of N-[14C]acetylglucosamine 1-phosphate from uridine diphosphate N-[14C]acetylglucosamine into dolichol monophosphate. The enzymatic activity requires Mn2+, is time and temperature dependent, has an optimum pH of 7.4 and is completely inhibited by the antibiotic tunicamycin. Exogenous dolichol monophosphate enhances the glycosyltransferase activity. The kinetics of incorporation are characterized by a Km of 2.6 microM for uridine diphosphate N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase are comparable to those reported for the first enzyme of the dolichol cycle described in several eukaryotes. N-Acetyl glucosaminylpyrophosphoryl-dolichol is essentially the only product of the reaction. A second type of activity which is responsible for the direct transfer of N[14C]acetylglucosamine from uridine diphosphate N[14C]acetylglucosamine into several endogenous polypeptide acceptors, is also associated with T. brucei microsomes. The reaction, which might be due to more than one enzyme, is dependent on Mn2+, but differs from the other transferase in all other characteristics. Time course and optimal temperature are different, and the optimum pH is 6.5. The reaction is independent of the external addition of dolichol monophosphate and tunicamy cin has no inhibitory effect on the enzymatic activity. AKm of 1.6 microM was calculated fr uridine diphosphate N acetylglucosamine. PMID- 6211617 TI - A comparative study of Leishmania mexicana amastigotes and promastigotes. Enzyme activities and subcellular locations. AB - Leishmania mexicana mexicana amastigotes have been shown to contain greater activities than promastigotes of the enzymes that catalyse the beta-oxidation of fatty acids, but lower activities of several glycolytic enzymes, with the activity of pyruvate kinase being especially low. The results suggest the beta oxidation of fatty acids is relatively more important to Leishmania amastigotes than promastigotes, whereas the reverse is true for glycolysis. Succinic dehydrogenase and peptidase activities were much higher in promastigotes than amastigotes. The activities of glucose-6-phosphatase, fructose-1,6 bisphosphatase, acid phosphatase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase varied less, although in each case the activity was significantly lower in the mammalian stage. A method for lysing and fractionating L. m. mexicana promastigotes has been developed. Using this procedure it has been established that many of the glycolytic and functionally related enzymes are located in cell organelles, that hexokinase is intimately connected with the particulate part of the parasite, and that the microsomal fraction of L. m. mexicana is very different in composition from the microsomes of mammalian liver cells. PMID- 6211618 TI - Long-term care for the elderly and disabled: a new health priority. PMID- 6211619 TI - Gonorrhea in Korea. PMID- 6211620 TI - Immunologic alterations induced by phenytoin. PMID- 6211621 TI - Penicillinase-producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae--a retrospective. PMID- 6211622 TI - Calcium-binding protein parvalbumin is associated with fast contracting muscle fibres. PMID- 6211623 TI - In vitro packaging of plasmid DNAs into phi X174 bacteriophage capsid. PMID- 6211624 TI - Reconstitution of antigen-specific suppressor activity with translation products of mRNA. PMID- 6211625 TI - Monoclonal anti-Fc IgG receptor antibodies trigger B lymphocyte function. PMID- 6211626 TI - Phosphorylation of troponin I and phospholamban during catecholamine stimulation of rabbit heart. PMID- 6211627 TI - I region-restricted antigen presentation by B cell-B lymphoma hybridomas. AB - The activation of T lymphocytes for many responses requires interaction with specialized antigen presenting cells (APC) which express I region associated (Ia) antigens. Cells of the monocyte-macrophage lineage and the recently described dendritic cell have been shown to be effective APC. Antigen-specific T cells appear to recognize a complex of antigen and Ia molecules on the surface of the APC and such joint recognition is the basis of the restriction of T-cell activation due to the major histocompatibility complex. The Ia molecules appear to be Ir gene products. However the biochemical nature of antigen presentation has been difficult to approach largely because of problems in obtaining sufficient numbers of highly purified APC. Although several Ia antigen-positive B lymphoma cell lines, which have proved very effective APC, have been recently described, they have all been of the same H-2d haplotype. We report here on hybridomas produced by fusion of normal C57BL/6 (B6) B cells (H-2b) to a hypoxanthine guanosine phosphoribosyl transferase (HGPRT) deficient variant of one of these lymphoma cell lines. The hybridomas appear to express functional Ia molecules of both parental cell haplotypes. Such cloned somatic cell hybrids should prove useful in studying the properties of Ir genes and Ia molecules in antigen presentation. PMID- 6211630 TI - A reminiscence. PMID- 6211628 TI - A cloned cell with NK function resembles basophils by ultrastructure and expresses IgE receptors. AB - Natural killer (NK) cells are defined by their ability to lyse certain tumour cells in vitro without previous exposure to them, and have been postulated as effectors of immune surveillance against spontaneous neoplasms. Because they kill some non-neoplastic lymphoid cells, they may also have a role in immunoregulation. NK cell activity resides in a small proportion of normal mouse spleen cells (less than 5%) that have been difficult to characterize completely. They may represent a heterogeneous group of effector cells whose precise relationship to other myelopoietic or immunological cells has remained obscure. We have previously described a cloned mouse cell line (Cl. Ly 1-2-NK-1+/11) with the functional characteristics of natural killer cells activated by interferon or other factors. We now find that this cloned line, like basophils and mast cells, expresses high-affinity plasma membrane receptors (Fc epsilon R) specific for IgE antibody. In addition, the clone contains cytoplasmic granules similar by ultrastructure to those of basophils of the mouse and other species. Our findings indicate that cells sharing morphological and biochemical features of basophilic granulocytes can mediate NK lysis. PMID- 6211629 TI - Modulation of in vitro BFU-E growth by normal Ia-positive T cells is restricted by HLA-DR. AB - The in vitro growth of immature erythroid precursors, assayed as burst forming units (BFU-E), can be enhanced by co-culturing with normal T cells. The growth enhancing effect of normal T cells, however, was shown to be the outcome of at least two functionally distinct subpopulations, one that enhances burst formation and one that limits it. It appears that the T cell population limiting growth enhancement of the erythroid precursors expresses 'Ia-like' antigen (Ia+) because treatment of T cells with anti-Ia antibody and complement significantly increased the ability of the remaining T cells to stimulate antologous BFU-E growth. As BFU E also seem to express Ia, the inhibiting effect of certain T cells on BFU-E growth may involve the Ia molecule. We show here that the inhibitory effect of Ia+ T cells on BFU-E growth is genetically restricted to cell combinations which are phenotypically identical for at least one HLA-DR (Ia-like) antigen. PMID- 6211631 TI - Hepatic abscesses, pyoderma gangrenosum-like dermatitis and IgA immune complexes; a presentation of chronic granulomatous disease in an adult. PMID- 6211632 TI - Renal artery dilatation in a patient on captopril: changing a "two-kidney, two clip hypertension" into a "two-kidney, one clip hypertension". PMID- 6211633 TI - The spinal nerve root "innervation", and a new concept of the clinicopathological interrelations in back pain and sciatica. PMID- 6211634 TI - Comparative neuropsychology and Korsakoff's syndrome. III--Delayed response, delayed alternation and DRL performance. AB - Performance of alcoholic Korsakoff patients was compared with that of patients with Huntington's disease. Broca's aphasia or alcoholism (without clinical signs of memory impairment) on delayed alternation (DA) and delayed response (DR) tests. Korsakoffs were impaired on both tasks, and Huntington patients were impaired on DA only. In a separate experiment, performance by Korsakoffs was compared to that of alcoholic and normal controls on four DRL schedules. Korsakoffs tended to be overresponsive, making errors of commission early within a schedule, and consequently, obtaining fewer reinforcements than the controls. PMID- 6211635 TI - Spontaneous discharges from muscle receptors of various functional types. AB - A study was done concerning the relationship between the presence or absence of spontaneous spike activity (SSA) and the discharge characteristics of 473 receptors located in deafferented muscles of anesthetized cats. The majority of the Golgi tendon organs, pressure receptors, and the elementary dynamic and static receptors of the muscle spindles did not produce spontaneous discharges. The SSA probability was especially high in spindle receptors of the phasic-tonic type. The absence or presence of SSA could be used for the identification of all known functional types of muscle receptors. Among universal receptors of dynamic and positional types, the probability of SSA increases in proportion to the degree of increase in the magnitude of the static response. There are fewer units in the soleus muscle which show spontaneous activity than in the gently isolated m. triceps surae. The presence or absence of SAA depends, evidently, upon the different ways in which sensory terminals are connected to intrafusal spindle fibers initially stretched in a relaxed muscle. PMID- 6211637 TI - Huntington chorea is not associated with hyperactivity of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons: studies in postmortem tissues and in rats with kainic acid lesions. AB - We estimated dopamine release postmortem in the neostriatum of patients with Huntington disease (HD) and in controls. In HD, dopamine levels were unchanged in caudate and elevated in putamen, but homovanillic acid (HVA) and the ratio HVA:dopamine were unaltered in both nuclei. When rats were injected with kainic acid (an experimental model of HD), dopamine levels in striatum remained unchanged 2 to 30 days postoperatively; HVA and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) increased significantly from 2 to 18 days after injections but returned to normal levels later. These findings suggest that the nigrostriatal projection adapts to loss of striatal neurons that normally influence dopamine release and is not hyperactive in HD chorea. PMID- 6211636 TI - Iopamidol (B 15,000), a nonionic water-soluble contrast medium for neuroradiology. part II: results of a double-blind study of the lumbar epidural venous plexuses. PMID- 6211638 TI - [Anatomo-clinical considerations on heart rupture during acute myocardial infarct]. PMID- 6211639 TI - [Experimental research on the use of various types of dacron mesh in the treatment of laparoceles]. PMID- 6211640 TI - [The contribution of laparoscopy to the diagnosis of abdominal masses. Personal experience]. PMID- 6211641 TI - [Psychiatric aspects of alcoholism]. PMID- 6211642 TI - [Multidisciplinary approach in neurotic head and back ache. Clinical contribution]. AB - Stress is laid on the need for a multidisciplinary approach to the treatment of pain. Reference is made to personal experience, during which the presence of a psychiatric specialist in the team permitted the discovery of 4% of patients with pain of a purely psychological origin in a series of 300 subjects, together with 10% with pain of mixed origin. Attention is drawn to the usefulness of centering treatment on recognition and evaluation of the psychological component, and on treatment with antidepressive drugs in association with classic antalgic procedures. PMID- 6211643 TI - Helping parents of disabled children. PMID- 6211644 TI - Reproduction in Down syndrome. AB - A new case of pregnancy in a 29-year-old woman with trisomy 21 is described. She gave birth to a male infant, chromosomally and phenotypically normal, who died the day after delivery due to prematurity. Thirty pregnancies of 26 affected mothers, including the present woman, resulted in 10 children with Down syndrome, 18 children (1 set of twins) without Down syndrome, and 3 spontaneous abortions. Although rare, pregnancies in women with Down syndrome could become more frequent, increasing the importance of genetic, reproductive, and obstetric problems. These problems are reviewed with special reference to the occurrence of nonspecific abnormalities in chromosomally normal children, difficulties in labor and delivery, and frequency of prematurity and low birth weight. PMID- 6211645 TI - [Subclavian artery stenosis treated by oral fibrinolytics and percutaneous transluminal angioplasty]. PMID- 6211646 TI - Dermatologic problems of the head and neck in the aged. PMID- 6211647 TI - [2d finding of the ixodid tick Dermacentor raskemensis (Ixodidae) in USSR territory]. PMID- 6211648 TI - [Contribution of immunochemical methods to the study of human red-cell membrane proteins (author's transl)]. AB - Together with the classical technics of biochemical analysis, immunological methods have led to differentiate, characterize the main red-cell membrane. proteins and to better understand their organization. Immunological methods were particularly involved in the study of: 1) the membrane skeletal proteins, specially spectrin which localization in the membrane, structure and functions have been specified; 2) the principal integral proteins, glycophorin and protein band 3, the transmembrane orientation of which has been corroborated by topographic immunological mapping of their cytoplasmic domain; 3) the anchor chain protein, linking membrane skeleton to the transmembrane proteins. These methods could further help to a better understanding of the membrane structure. Two kinds of work can be considered using monoclonal antibodies provided by the hybridoma method : 1) the purification by immunoadsorbent technics, of quantitatively minor membrane proteins, would allow to study their structure and functions ; 2) an immunological mapping with monoclonal antibodies specific against each of the skeleton proteins, of membrane preparations observed in electronic microscopy, would permit to visualize the real architecture of these different proteins in the red-cell membrane PMID- 6211650 TI - Symposium on oral health. PMID- 6211649 TI - [Problems in atherosclerosis, hypertension, myocardial infarct and thrombosis in light of the theory of the functional role of the anticoagulation system]. PMID- 6211651 TI - Dental treatment considerations for the medically compromised child. PMID- 6211652 TI - The pediatric dental office. PMID- 6211653 TI - The pediatrician's dental evaluation. PMID- 6211654 TI - [Clinical variants of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in children]. PMID- 6211655 TI - [Echocardiography and electrocardiography in evaluating myocardial status in children with mucoviscidosis]. PMID- 6211656 TI - Feeding difficulties in patients with Huntington's chorea. PMID- 6211657 TI - Huntington's chorea: striking the right chord. PMID- 6211658 TI - A singular approach to the profoundly handicapped. PMID- 6211659 TI - [The echocardiography in thalassemia major (author's transl)]. AB - Echocardiographic findings were studied in seventeen subjects with beta Thalassemia major in order to see whether cardiac lesions caused by iron were related to the age and chelating therapy. The results demonstrate that the alterations of the heart can be early detected by echocardiography. In fact no patient with echocardiographic alterations showed clinical signs of cardiac dysfunction and only four patients showed E.C.G. alterations. Moreover the thickening of posterior wall and left ventricular diastolic diameter were related to iron overload, as demonstrated by urinary excretion after desferrioxamine. Since the patients regularly treated with desferrioxamine were few and younger aged it is not possible in this study to show the positive effect of desferrioxamine treatment in preventing cardiac lesions due to iron overload. PMID- 6211660 TI - [Hemodynamic study of pulmonary vascular resistances in subjects with Down's syndrome with atrioventricular canal]. AB - Down patients frequently present congenital heart disease (CHD). Among these the most common is complete atrioventricular canal (CAV). The Authors studied by cardiac catheterization 2 groups of subjects with CAV:21 Down-patients, aged 5-48 months (mean = 24.7) and 17 non-Down patients aged 6-50 months (mean = 23.1). Hemodynamic data were compared and in particular pulmonary vascular resistances (PVR) were analysed. Mean pulmonary resistance was 11.1 UM2 for Down children and 4.6 UM2 for non-Down children. Considering the subjects under 2 years of age, PVR greater than or equal to 10 UM2 was present in 5 of 14 (35.7%). Down children, while none in the non-Down group. The cause of this behaviour is unknown; some Authors, in pathological studies, found in Down-patients primitive structural anomalies of the vascular bed with decrease of total vascular surface area. This fact might explain higher values of PVR in Down-patients than in non-Down patients. PMID- 6211662 TI - Plasma androgen levels after subcapsular orchiectomy or estrogen treatment for prostatic carcinoma. AB - In this study evolution of plasma androgen levels in patients with advanced prostatic carcinoma, treated by either subtotal bilateral orchiectomy or estrogens, was studied in order to determine whether subcapsular orchiectomy results in complete elimination of testicular testosterone secretion and whether in subsequent months there occurs any reactivation of eventually remaining Leydig or increased adrenal androgen secretion. This study, performed on 40 patients having undergone bilateral subcapsular orchiectomy for prostatic carcinoma, shows that this intervention results in testosterone levels in the female range and that during the year following subcapsular orchiectomy there is no evidence for reactivation of Leydig cells or for increased adrenal androgen secretion as evaluated from plasma testosterone, androstenedione, and dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate levels. In patients treated with estrogens we found no evidence for stimulation of adrenal androgen secretion, whereas in neither group of patients with prostatic carcinoma we found evidence for increased androgen levels at the time of recurrence of the carcinoma. PMID- 6211661 TI - [Extraosseous tumor uptake of 99m technetium methylendiphosphonate in children with neuroblastoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 6211663 TI - Effect of diethylstilbestrol and estramustine phosphate (Estracyt) on delayed hypersensitivity response to oxazolone in male mice. AB - The effects of diethylstilbestrol (DES) and estramustine phosphate (EMP) on delayed hypersensitivity response (DTH) to oxazolone in male mice were investigated using a radioisotopic ear method. DES significantly inhibited the ability to express a DTH response and was most effective when given during the effector phase of the reaction. EMP had no effects when the animals were exposed to the drug during the effector phase, while it resulted in a strong and dose dependent depression of the DTH response when applied in the sensitization phase. Possible involvement of suppressor cells was investigated by pretreatment of animals with cyclophosphamide or by adoptive transfer of tentative suppressor cells from spleen, lymph nodes, or peritoneal cavity. However, no evidence of cellular or humoral suppressor factors induced by drug treatment was found. PMID- 6211664 TI - Studies on the in vitro incorporation of radioactivity from 1-14C-labeled D hexosamines in the mucopolysaccharide-peptide complexes of avian tissues. AB - The incorporation of D-[1-14C]-labeled glucosamine (GlcN) and D-[1-14C]-labeled galactosamine (GalN) into mucopolysaccharide-peptide complex(es) (MPS-P) and the rate of 14CO2 production by tissue slices of skin, comb, liver, kidney, shell gland, and magnum from laying hens were studied during a 12 hr period. The D-[1 14C] GlcN was metabolized at a faster rate than D-[1-14C] GalN. No 14CO2 was produced by skin and comb tissues incubated with D-[1-14C]GalN for 12 hr. The amount of 14C associated with the acetone extract of the tissues, acetone extracted tissues, and MPS-P of the tissue increased with increasing incubation time, but generally the increase was highest in the MPS-P. A comparison among the tissues indicated that the radioactivity present in CO2 and MPS-P was highest in the shell gland and lowest in comb tissue slices. The rates of incorporation of 14C-hexosamine (HexN) into MPS-P by tissue slices appeared to be in general agreement to those of intact animals. PMID- 6211665 TI - Skin-graft histocompatibility within Regional Poultry Research Laboratory inbred chicken lines. AB - Skin grafts were exchanged between specific-pathogen-free chicks within the Regional Poultry Research Laboratory (RPRL) inbred lines that are characterized for retrovirus susceptibility and immunogenetic traits. Lines 61 and 63 were histocompatible whereas lines 15I4 and 15I5 were nearly histocompatible. The RPRL Line 7(2) is only histocompatible within families at present, and line 100 has considerable heterogeneity for minor histoantigens. Reaseheath Line C (RH-C) has been established at the RPRL and its histocompatible. Numerous males in lines 6(1), 6(3), 15I4, and RH-C are able to reject female grafts containing the female specific histoantigen. Two Ea-B alleles in 15I4 previously detected by blood typing determined rapid skin graft rejection. PMID- 6211666 TI - Disorders of mitral valve function. PMID- 6211667 TI - [Assessment of the epidemiological hazard of tuberculosis infection foci from tuberculosis infectivity and morbidity in children and adolescents]. PMID- 6211668 TI - [Skin sensitin sensitivity in the adult population of rural districts of Uzbekistan]. PMID- 6211669 TI - [Improvement in the organized forms of the work of the pediatric phthisiologist in caring for adolescents]. PMID- 6211670 TI - [Current aspects of detection of tuberculosis and other lung diseases]. PMID- 6211671 TI - [Organization of the ambulatory follow-up of patients with sarcoidosis of respiratory organs]. PMID- 6211672 TI - Immunological agnosis: a state that derives from T suppressor cell inhibition of antigen-presenting cells. AB - The biologically active mediators of antigen-specific T suppressor cells can combine with antigen on cells that are specialized to present antigen (APC) and render these APC incapable of presenting not only the specific antigen that the product of the T suppressor cell sees but also any other antigen in or on the APC. Thus, antigen-bearing suppressed APC fail to activate either the helper or suppressor system involved in the regulation of contact sensitivity responses. These results demonstrate that APC are targets of T suppressor cells. They also imply that a metabolic event is required for functional antigen presentation and that T suppressor cells can block that metabolic pathway. PMID- 6211673 TI - Abnormal humoral immune responses in peripheral blood lymphocyte cultures of bone marrow transplant recipients. AB - The present study was aimed at investigating recovery of humoral immunity in vitro after bone marrow transplantation in patients with acute leukemia and severe aplastic anemia. Hemolytic plaque assays were utilized to quantitate pokeweed mitogen-stimulated polyclonal immunoglobulin production and sheep erythrocyte antigen-specific antibody responses in cultures of peripheral blood mononuclear cells of 39 patients beginning at 1 month, for variable periods up to a maximum of 4 years after marrow transplantation. Three phases were identified: an early period of primary B cell dysfunction with concomitant immunoregulatory T cell abnormalities--i.e., decreased helper and increased suppressor activities; an intermediate phase in which B cell dysfunction could be attributed in large measure to immunoregulatory T cell abnormalities; and a late phase of normal B and T lymphocyte functions. Patients with graft-versus-host disease differed from those without it in that they often did not manifest increased T cell suppressor activity in the early period, and they were noted to have prolonged and profound B and T cell abnormalities in the chronic phase of their disease. In selected patients, simultaneous assessment of ratios of Leu-2 to Leu-3 antigens on T cells by monoclonal antibodies and of immunoregulatory T cell functions revealed a correlation between the two only late in the post-transplant period. These studies provide an insight into the ontogeny of B cell function in the post transplant period and indicate that in certain situations phenotypic alterations in T cell subsets cannot reliably be used to predict abnormalities in their function in recipients of marrow transplantation. PMID- 6211674 TI - Human cytoplasmic superoxide dismutase cDNA clone: a probe for studying the molecular biology of Down syndrome. AB - The gene locus for human cytoplasmic superoxide dismutase (SOD-1; superoxide:superoxide oxidoreductase, EC 1.15.1.1) is located in or near a region of chromosome 21 known to be involved in Down syndrome. To approach the molecular biology of this genetic disease we have constructed a SOD-1 cDNA clone. Poly(A) containing RNA enriched for human SOD-1 mRNA was isolated, used to synthesize double-stranded cDNA, and inserted into the endonuclease Pst I site of the plasmid pBR322. The chimeric molecules were used to transform Escherichia coli. Two clones containing SOD-1 cDNA inserts were identified by their ability to hybridize specifically with mRNA coding for SOD-1. Each of these clones carries a 650-base-pair insert, as was determined by restriction enzyme digestion and electron microscopic heteroduplex analysis. Hybridization of labeled cloned cDNA to RNA blots revealed two distinct SOD-1 mRNA classes of 500 and 700 nucleotides. The data suggest that both are polyadenylylated and are coded by chromosome 21. PMID- 6211675 TI - Escherichia coli single-strand DNA binding protein from wild type and lexC113 mutant affects in vitro proteolytic cleavage of phage lambda repressor. AB - In Escherichia coli, the single-strand DNA-binding protein (SSB) is required for DNA replication. A mutation of the ssb gene, lexC113, imparts to the cells UV sensitivity and inability to induce lambda prophage and to amplify recA protein, indicating participation of SSB in DNA repair and viral induction processes. We report the effect of purified SSB, isolated from wild-type and lexC113 strains, on the recA-mediated proteolysis of lambda repressor in vitro. (i) These proteins abolished the inhibition produced by excess single-strand DNA and (ii) in the presence of the binding proteins, the apparent stoichiometry--1 monomer of recA to 6 nucleotides of single-strand DNA [Craig, N. L. & Roberts, J. W. (1980) Nature (London) 283, 26-30] was no longer observed. (iii) At the optimal concentration--1 protein monomer to 8 nucleotides--they increased the rate and extent of repressor cleavage at all single-strand DNA concentrations, including that observed at the apparent optimal DNA concentration. (iv) At binding protein/nucleotide ratios greater than or equal to 1:3, SSB from lexC113 inhibited repressor cleavage while that from wild type did not. (v) These results are consistent with the notion that SSB is probably involved in the induction of prophages in vivo. PMID- 6211676 TI - Entrainment and resonance in glycolysis. AB - We have proposed a comprehensive model for the glycolytic reaction mechanism and have shown the possibility of self-tuning to resonance, with consequent increase in efficiency of energy transduction by separating the model into two subsystems: one for the phosphofructokinase (PFKase; ATP:D-fructose-6-phosphate 1 phosphotransferase, EC 2.7.1.11) reaction and the other for the pyruvate kinase (PKase; ATP:pyruvate 2-O-phosphotransferase, EC 2.7.1.40) reaction. The purpose of this article is to present an alternative theoretical approach-one more directly applicable to experimental situations-for the detection of these effects without the need for any decomposition. The approach consists in studying the response of such systems to externally applied periodic perturbations inside the fundamental entrainment band by computation. We show, in agreement with previous results obtained for simpler reaction schemes, that large increases and decreases in dissipation may occur in a narrow range of the period of entrainment of the entire mechanism. If the period of the autonomous glycolytic oscillation past marginal stability approaches a value, T(0) (lim), that is close to the period of relaxation oscillation of the PKase subsystem, T(PKase), then tuning of the primary oscillophor, the PFKase system, has been effected by the PKase system; in such cases we predict, for larger values of the amplitude of perturbation, two peaks in the response spectrum: one near the period of the autonomous oscillation and the other at the period of the PKase system. For small amplitudes of perturbation, there is only one resonance peak near the period of the autonomous oscillation. If T(0) (lim) is not close to T(PKase), then there is only one resonance peak for small and large amplitudes of external perturbations. Our computer results lead to a classification of the chemical species in the reaction mechanism into two categories. The first category has the following two properties. (i) When fundamental entrainment occurs, the amplitude of the response in all species in the reaction mechanism is largest when the oscillation in the perturbation of a chemical species is in phase with the oscillation of that variable in the mechanism. (ii) If the amplitude of the external periodic perturbation is monitored in time so as to keep that variable in the mechanism always constant, then there is no oscillatory response in the whole reaction pathway. The variables having these two properties have been found to be essential for the generation of self-sustained oscillations in our model. For the second category neither of these two properties holds. PMID- 6211677 TI - In vitro renal transport functions of the progeny of rats with streptozotocin induced diabetes. PMID- 6211679 TI - DNA synthesis on phi X174 template damaged by proflavine and light treatment. PMID- 6211678 TI - The effect of surfactants upon the activity and distribution of glucosyltransferase in Streptococcus mutans 6715. AB - A modified Somogyi-Nelson procedure was used to determine the amount of reducing sugar produced during the reaction of S. mutans 6715 glucosyltransferase (GTF) with sucrose. This technique is an indirect measure of GTF activity and was used to determine the effects of the surfactants glycerol monolaurin (GML) and sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) upon crude extracellular GTF. GML at 5, 10, and 15 micrograms/ml reduced culture filtrate GTF enzyme activity to an average of 81% of the control value. SLS at the only concentration tested (15 micrograms/ml) also caused a reduction, resulting in a GTF activity level that was 82% of the control value. Secondly, S. mutans 6715 cultures were grown in a medium containing Tween 80, or SLS. The cell-free culture filtrate and the cell-pellet were assayed separately for GTF activity. GML in the medium produced a decrease in culture filtrate GTF activity and an increased cell-pellet activity. The total (whole culture) activity for culture broths was 89% to 90% of the control value when 5, 10, or 15 micrograms/ml GML were added. Tween 80 supplemented culture medium resulted in increased culture filtrate GTF, while levels measured in the cell-pellet were decreased. Overall, Tween 80 caused a large increase in whole culture GTF activity. Cell cultures containing SLS at 15 micrograms/ml resulted in no change in the GTF activity as compared to the control, nor was there any change in the percent of GTF in the culture filtrate versus the percent which was in the cell-pellet. Higher concentrations of SLS could not be tested due to the inhibitory effect on cellular growth. PMID- 6211680 TI - Lumbar instability. PMID- 6211681 TI - Chromosome transfer and R-prime formation by an RP4::mini-Mu derivative in Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Proteus mirabilis. PMID- 6211682 TI - Psychological aspects of low back pain: summary. PMID- 6211683 TI - [Periodontal anchorage of endosseous implants (theoretical and experimental research)]. PMID- 6211684 TI - [Prosthetic treatment in handicapped children]. PMID- 6211685 TI - [Dental care of handicapped children - a medicosocial task]. PMID- 6211686 TI - When adoption fails. PMID- 6211687 TI - Back to self help? PMID- 6211688 TI - [Study of the radioprotective effect of cysteamine using the thermoinducible phage lambda as a model]. PMID- 6211689 TI - [A newly developed patient-chair for the radiodiagnostic exposure technique on patients unable to stand (author's transl)]. PMID- 6211690 TI - Computed tomography and bone scintigraphy in the evaluation of tarsal coalition. AB - Three cases of talocalcaneal coalition were evaluated with routine radiography, conventional tomography, 99mTc-MDP bone scintigraphy, and computed tomography (CT). Routine radiography was normal in 1 case and demonstrated secondary findings suggesting coalition in 2. Conventional tomography confirmed the coalition in 2 patients. In all 3 cases, the scintigrams demonstrated increased uptake in the region of the coalition. CT provided the most graphic depiction of the coalition site and also identified an associated lesion involving the posterior subtalar joint, not recognized on conventional tomography. Scintigraphy may be useful as a screening procedure and can provide important localizing information in difficult cases. PMID- 6211691 TI - Paralysis of arteries by intraluminal balloon dilatation. PMID- 6211692 TI - Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of radiation-induced arterial stenoses. PMID- 6211693 TI - An examination of the physical characteristics leading to angioplasty balloon rupture. AB - Six polyvinyl chloride and six polyethylene angioplasty balloons were inflated six times each under laboratory conditions. Outside diameter of the balloons was measured on initial and final inflations; volume was measured by water displacement at each inflation. In addition, three balloons in either group were constricted with a silk suture around the midportion. Balloons were then intentionally ruptured and the rupture site recorded. The diameters of the polyvinyl chloride balloons increased over six inflations, while they remained relatively constant for the polyethylene balloons. Rupture sites were in the area of the balloon that had the greatest outside diameter, and the tears were longitudinal. PMID- 6211694 TI - Malpositioned biliary endoprosthesis: retrieval using a vascular balloon catheter. AB - Successful function of an indwelling biliary endoprosthesis requires precise initial positioning relative to the stricture site. Delayed failures may occur as a result of migration either proximally or distally. The authors describe a method for retrieval of a distally displaced endoprosthesis using a vascular balloon-dilatation catheter. PMID- 6211695 TI - An improved ruptured-balloon retrieval set. AB - The authors describe instrumentation for easy retrieval of a ruptured balloon on a dilatation catheter used for transluminal angioplasty. A sheath is introduced which has a larger lumen than the outer size of the dilatation catheter; this permits removal of the balloon. PMID- 6211696 TI - [Diagnostic evaluation by whole body imaging of intra-arterially infused 99mTc macroaggregated albumin (MAA) (author's transl)]. PMID- 6211697 TI - [Conservative operations for pyelocaliceal transitional carcinomas]. PMID- 6211698 TI - [Reoperations on the extrahepatic bile ducts after surgery of the common bile duct or its indirect drainage]. AB - An analysis is made of 80 re-interventions on the extra-hepatic biliary pathways in patients who had underwent one or more surgical interventions on the main biliary pathway. The cases have been classified according to the type of the initial intervention as follows: re-interventions following cholecystectomy, choledocotomy and Kehr drainage, following sphincterotomy, and following internal and external biliary derivations. An analysis is made of the causes of re interventions, and of the increased risk due to severe complications which are at the origin of high morbidity and mortality rates. Particular stress is laid on the necessity for a correct diagnosis, as well as a complete one for the first intervention on the biliary pathways, which will allow to make an adequate choice for a second surgical solution. PMID- 6211699 TI - [Observatory surgical treatment in ruptures of the spleen in children (splenorrhaphy)]. AB - An increasingly large number of observations have been published in the last decade on the risk of suprainfection, which is frequently a cause of death, in the splenectomized children and adolescents. Fulminant infections, frequently determined by capsulated germs (pneumococcus), are due to a reduction of the phagocytic activity, as well as to diminished amounts of circulating immunoglobulinic antibodies (IgM). Although it was believed that splenic suture is not feasible several studies have been published recently presenting the results of experiments and of clinical observations, which demonstrate the opposite of this view. The authors have successfully treated 4 patients with traumatic ruptures of the spleen, all of them occurring in children. The procedure is relatively easy to perform. PMID- 6211701 TI - [Gastric resection with triple gastrojejunal, duodenojejunal and jejunojejunal anastomosis on omega loops]. PMID- 6211700 TI - [Acute biliary pancreatitis. Anatomoclinical and therapeutic aspects]. AB - After an introduction on the role of the biliary factors in the etiopathogeny of acute pancreatitis the authors present an analysis of their personal experience in this field. A total of 46 cases are discussed, with acute biliary pancreatitis, which were diagnosed during surgical interventions. Of the 46 patients 13 had an oedematous form of acute biliary pancreatitis, 22 had necrotizing pancreatitis with associated haemorrhage, 3 had suppurated pancreatitis and 6 had a pancreatic abscess. In 6 patients the acute pancreatitis was either associated with, or triggered by acute non-lithiasic cholecystitis, and in 40 cases the acute pancreatitis was associated to biliary lithiasis. Surgery was performed as a result of inefficient intensive care, as an immediate emergency, in 56.42% of the cases, and as a late emergency (at 3-7 days) in 28% of the patients. Surgery was performed late in 14.71% of the cases. The surgical intervention was mainly directed to the treatment of the biliary lesions, and for the solving of pancreatic lesions, especially of the suppurative and necrotizing and haemorrhagic ones. The postoperative death rate was 34.7%, and death occurred in aged patients, in those with severe forms of pancreatitis of the haemorrhagic type, (8 cases), and with pancreatic suppurations (6 cases). PMID- 6211702 TI - [Intestinal bypass--original reconversion technic]. PMID- 6211703 TI - [Liver transplantation. Experimental aspects]. AB - Following an overview of the data published in the specialized literature in connection with liver transplantation the author presents original experimental studies in this field. One of the first aspects considered is the stage of obtaining the graft of liver tissue. The selective perfusion was used, in situ, of the dog liver, and conditions were achieved which were similar to those obtained in other methods of graft preparation. Two washing solutions were used: a simple one, currently used in the practice, and another one which was enriched with various substrates. Biochemical parameters of tissue sampled by bioptic puncture have demonstrated that the first solution induces a lowering of the glycogen contents of hepatocytes, and this alters the biological qualities or the graft. The fact is stressed that the obtention of the hepatic tissue for grafting should be considered in fact as an in situ conservation. With regard to the liver transplantation proper it is shown that the author has performed the sector heterotopic procedure in the rat. Vascular anastomoses have been made with histoacryl-N-blau by the method of prosthesis with lost tubing. Problems raised by the vascular re-connection of the auxilliary hepatic tissue, and those related to the space where this tissue should be placed are also discussed in detail. The survival time was not longer than 30 hours. PMID- 6211704 TI - [Intestinal carcinoid]. PMID- 6211705 TI - [A case of leiomyosarcoma of the small intestine, with intradiverticular development]. PMID- 6211706 TI - [General medication and its ocular effects]. PMID- 6211707 TI - [Prognostic importance of esthesiometry in various corneal diseases]. PMID- 6211708 TI - [Operative trauma in ophthalmology]. PMID- 6211709 TI - [Do estrogenic hormones influence the evolution of diabetic retinopathy?]. PMID- 6211710 TI - [The role of vitreous liquifiers in the pathogenesis of retinal detachment]. PMID- 6211711 TI - [Peripheral retinal manifestations appearing in arterial hypertension]. PMID- 6211712 TI - [Morphological and quantitative aspects of the iris modified by glaucoma]. PMID- 6211713 TI - [Pathogenesis of a postoperative complication of crystalline lens extraction]. PMID- 6211714 TI - [Thread or contact arc surgery. Indications and practical uses]. PMID- 6211715 TI - [Observations on the surgery of nystagmus]. PMID- 6211716 TI - [Data on the current treatment of tuberculous uveitis]. PMID- 6211717 TI - [The use of new non-steroid anti-inflammatory agents in ophthalmology]. PMID- 6211718 TI - [Traumatic bitemporal hemianopsia]. PMID- 6211719 TI - [Pars planitis. Considerations on 18 cases]. PMID- 6211720 TI - [Acute attack of glaucoma caused by pilocarpine]. PMID- 6211721 TI - [Inclusion cyst of the iris]. PMID- 6211722 TI - [A peculiar case of papilledema]. PMID- 6211724 TI - [A new procedure for approach to middle ear cavities]. PMID- 6211723 TI - [Current aspects of tonsillar morphology and physiopathology]. PMID- 6211725 TI - [Considerations on the study of the vestibular apparatus]. PMID- 6211726 TI - [Morbidity caused by acute poisoning with caustic substances]. PMID- 6211728 TI - [Latent mastoiditis in adults]. PMID- 6211727 TI - [Our therapeutic management of mycoses of the respiratory and digestive tracts]. PMID- 6211729 TI - [Tietze's syndrome]. PMID- 6211730 TI - [2 cases of total unilateral choanal imperforation in adolescents]. PMID- 6211731 TI - [Post-traumatic bilateral naso-ethmoidal mucocele]. PMID- 6211732 TI - [A study of the menisci of the knee by scanning electron microscopy (author's transl)]. AB - Sixty menisci have been studied by scanning electron microscopy. In the frontal plane of the middle third of the meniscus, two distinct parts can be discerned - a central part corresponding to the medial two thirds and a peripheral part corresponding to the lateral third. Collagen fibres can be arranged in four different ways; radial fibres in the central portion; a marginal area underlying each surface of the meniscus made up of mixed collagen fibres; circumferential fibres in the peripheral part and a fascicular layer of fibres made up of loose connective tissue arising from the articular capsule and penetrating into the circumferential fibrous layer. The authors consider that the radial fibres are best adapted to pressure, whilst circumferential fibres are submitted to traction forces; the marginal areas are best adapted to gliding forces. Both menisci comprise a single functional unit. PMID- 6211733 TI - [The depth of the patellar groove of the femur (author's transl)]. AB - The authors have measured the depth of the patellar groove in a 100 human cadavers. An angle of about 143 degrees have been found to be present in normal knees, confirming the work of Brattstrom. When the angle was more than 150 degrees, the groove was considered to be dysplastic and likely to lead to patellar instability. In contrast when the angle was less than 138 degrees, the groove was thought to be excessively deep. This was present in 19 cases, in 13 of which there were obvious lesions of the articular cartilage. This study in cadavers has been confirmed by a scan study of 148 patients complaining of femoro patellar syndrome. Deep patellar grooves were frequent in this series, the mean angle being 129 degrees. 80 p. 100 of the patients had an angle less than 135 degrees. It is concluded that deep patellar grooves with a lower angle than normal favour the development of patellar chondromalacia. PMID- 6211734 TI - [Anterior strut grafting in kyphosis and kyphoscoliosis (author's transl)]. AB - The authors have reviewed 58 cases submitted to strut grafting in the concavity of the curve. There were 44 kyphoscolioses and 12 kyphoses. The average follow-up was more than two years and the average pre-operative deformity was 127 degrees. The average improvement was 38 degrees and the secondary loss was only 3 degrees. The results are analysed with regard to the surgical technique used. In some cases, posterior fixation was added and the graft was either from the tibia, the fibula or a rib. In 16 cases a secondary fracture of the graft was found. It appeared between the fourth and tenth post-operative months. During this period, reduction of the graft was seen. The graft was found to thicken later at about the eighteenth post-operative month. It is concluded that the technique is worthwhile provided it is associated with posterior internal fixation, and that an external brace is worn for at least eighteen months after operation. PMID- 6211735 TI - [The surgical management of the forefoot in rheumatoid arthritis. A review of 150 cases (author's transl)]. AB - The authors have performed 150 surgical procedures in 95 patients. In most of the cases, the procedure was a resection - realignment of the metatarsal heads. The results were assessed in 80 patients and were found to be satisfactory as regards pain and functional ability. Good results persisted as regards pain which remained absent in 90% of cases but the functional results tended to worsen with time. Good results being present in only 70% after a 10 year follow up. In 34 cases a prosthetic implant (Swanson type) was used. The results were deceptive. PMID- 6211736 TI - [Utilization of a coefficient of residual growth in prediction of lower limb discrepancies (author's transl)]. AB - Prediction of lower limb discrepancies at the end of the growth period can be evaluated easily for femur and tibia by multiplying momentary inequality by a coefficient of residual growth determined with Anderson and Green's study. This method is useful for "congenital" inequality. PMID- 6211737 TI - [Limited osteochondritis complicating coxa valga in children (author's transl)]. AB - Height cases of limited "osteochondritis" were observed in children showing some degree of coxa valga. The radiological appearances were different from those of Perthe's disease and resembled those of osteochondritis dissecans of the knee but with stability during their development. These "osteochondritis" were often bilateral; all the patients were male. In four cases some degree of platyspindyly was seen. It is thought that these hips are earlier and limited varieties of osteo-chondrodysplasia. The indications for varus osteotomy are discussed. PMID- 6211738 TI - [Study of the foot ground pressure pattern in children (author's transl)]. AB - The use of a new apparatus has enabled the authors to study the distribution to the ground of the plantar pressures by the way of ciphering each support area. This procedure is valuable and very precise as 500 pressure pick-up are used which give reliable, numerous and regularly distributed informations. The normal footprint has first been evaluated. Then, a comparison was possible with pathologic foot, so it was possible to estimate the result of a functional or surgical treatment on the morphology of the foot. PMID- 6211739 TI - [Surgical fixation of displaced pelvic fractures and dislocations of the symphysis pubis (excluding acetabular fractures) (author's transl)]. AB - For many years, the author has advocated systematic surgical fixation of displaced acetabular fractures. In this study he analyses the indications and technique of fixation of pubic dislocations (22 cases), sacro iliac dislocations (18 cases) combined dislocations (5 cases) and pelvic fractures associated with acetabular fractures (48 cases). The choice of a satisfactory approach is important. Accurate reduction and sound fixation is always possible within a week following the trauma, but in some cases operation was made after one month or even later. Surgical management aims to avoid malunion which is difficult to correct. PMID- 6211740 TI - [Fracture of the odontoid process (author's transl)]. AB - 102 cases of fractures of the odontoid process have been seen by the author - 73 recent cases and 29 old ones. It was important to distinguish basal fractures (29 cases), which all united after conservative treatment by reduction and skull traction for six weeks followed by a plaster cast for six to eight weeks, and fractures of the body (44 cases). 41 body fractures were treated conservatively, of which 6 died and only 20 united. The authors consider that treatment by skull traction must always be tried. An eventual indication for surgery can be made at about the 20th day if displacement is found to be present in spite of treatment. Fusion in these cases must be limited to C1-C2. It is best obtained by a combination of wiring and grafting. PMID- 6211741 TI - [Transient synovitis of the hip in childhood. "observation hip" (author's transl)]. AB - Thirty-eight children suffering of a transient synovitis of the hip joint have been reviewed with a follow up of 2 to 20 years (mean 7 years). It appears that this affection is not as benign as it seems, for in 1/3 of the cases it remains clinical and roentgenographic sequelae some of them looking like a minor degree of Legg Perthes' disease. The authors insist on the treatment, with traction in bed, and on the necessity of a new roentgenogram 45 days after the onset of the illness, to exclude the risk of an osteochondritis of the hip joint. Nuclide bone scan cannot affirm the diagnosis of transient synovitis, but can only eliminate an osteochondritis of the hip when it shows hyperfixation of the hip. PMID- 6211742 TI - [Reduction of old unreduced anterior dislocations of the shoulder (author's transl)]. AB - The authors have reviewed 15 old unreduced anterior dislocations of the shoulder. Most of the results were poor after resection or surgical reduction with reefing of the capsule. In two cases the technique described by Boyd was employed. After open reduction, the joint was stabilised by a transplant of the long head of biceps which was attached to the clavicle after passing in front of the joint behind subscapularis. This technique allows an early mobilisation and gave good results in two cases. PMID- 6211743 TI - [Combined fracture-dislocation of both bones of the forearm at the elbow (author's transl)]. AB - The authors have studied a particular type of traumatic lesion of the elbow which combines a fracture of the olecranon with a dislocation of both bones of the forearm, the radius and ulna remaining normally aligned to one another. The displacement was either forward (4 cases) or backward (6 cases). In some cases a partial fracture of the radial head or the lateral condyle of the humerus was also present and resulted in considerable instability. Internal fixation should always be tried but was not always possible. In one case a pedicle transplant of the medial epicondyle was made to restore a fractured coronoid process. PMID- 6211744 TI - [Continual valgum and varum in children treated by stapling (author's transl)]. AB - The authors have conducted stapling experiments in 25 rabbits which have shown that, after four weeks, growth was stopped because of lesions of the germinal layer of the growth plate and the formation of bony bridges. They have reviewed the results obtained in 105 children with satisfactory results in 80 p. 100. The cause of some complications have been analysed. The best indication was idiopathic genu valgum of adolescence. PMID- 6211745 TI - [Tibio-fibular graft as a treatment of non-union of the tibia (author's transl)]. AB - The authors have reviewed 47 cases of septic non-union of the tibia treated by tibio-fibular graft, Bone union was obtained in 31 cases, 2 limbs were amputated and 13 tibiae were united after another procedure. In 17 cases the grafts were performed in the presence of a discharging sinus. These cases did as well as any others. In cases of bone loss after diaphyseal resection, tibio-fibular grafting appeared to be a better procedure than Papineau's technique. Several cases of failure of this technique were cured successfully by tibio-fibular grafting when the bone loss was extensive, tibio-fibular grafting had to be completed by a supplementary tibial graft. The authors consider that grafting procedure should be done early in cases of extensive bone loss or in cases of severe compound comminuted fracture. PMID- 6211746 TI - [Complications of Ender's nailing in trochanteric fractures (author's transl)]. AB - A review of complications of 374 fractures of the proximal femoral end, treated by Ender's nailing was conducted: 255 cases only were available because of 46 early deaths and 73 patients without enough follow up. Complications were: 31 superior nails' perforations, 15 downward migrations, 17 dislocations of osteosynthesis and 19 rare complications. The authors believe that Ender's nailing is a great improvement, when compared with classical methods of osteosynthesis or prosthetic replacements. However, a perfect technical execution is necessary to avoid mechanical complications. PMID- 6211747 TI - [Lateral atlanto-axial arthrodesis (author's transl)]. AB - The authors describe the surgical technique of atlanto-axial fixation using a bilateral lateral approach. The cartilage of the articular processes of C1 and C2 are excised and the joints grafted. A screw fixation of the articular processes is performed. 8 cases are reported. PMID- 6211748 TI - [An experimental study of the stability of Hoffmann's external fixation (author's transl)]. AB - The authors have tested the stability of Hoffmann fixation in relation to the number and location of the fixating pins. A double frame configuration as described by Vidal is not superior since it allows some mobility in the plane of flexion and extension. The authors believe that a double perpendicular plane configuration is more satisfactory without the use of a transfixing pin. This method is more stable. To improve stability in valgus-varus plane, the authors have designed a device which is more rigid and which decreases by 300 per cent any residual mobility at the fracture site. A newly designed plate allows good fixation in the epiphysis. The first clinical cases in which this new fixator has been used have given promising results. PMID- 6211749 TI - [A radiological study of movements of the normal lumbar spine (author's transl)]. AB - Twenty normal individuals have been studied using 6 radiological views. They included 8 men and 12 women (6 of them classical dancers). In flexion and extension the 5th lumbar is the most mobile vertebra. All vertebrae from T10 to L5 participate in this movement. The flexion decreases from the first vertebra to the uppermost vertebra. In lateral bending, L3 was generally the most mobile and L5 the most immobile. Contrary to previous studies, it was shown that movement in flexion (75 p. cent) was greater than movement in extension (25 p. cent). PMID- 6211750 TI - [Prosthetic replacement of the anterior cruciate ligament in dogs by carbon fibres (author's transl)]. AB - Division of the anterior cruciate ligament in dogs usually leads to degenerative arthrosis of the knee after a few weeks. The authors have replaced the anterior cruciate ligament in 7 dogs by an artificial ligament made of carbon fibre. The results were analysed after seven months. In all cases the artificial ligaments had been affected in spite of good clinical behaviour. The fibrous invasion of the carbon fibres was poor. Most of the knees had cartilaginous lesions of the arthrotic type, the synovium was the site of foreign body reaction surrounding deposits of carbon and some carbon deposits were found in lymph glands in the inguinal region. PMID- 6211751 TI - [Nephritis caused by a shunt. Cure of the nephropathy without the need of a surgical replacement of the ventriculo-atrial valve]. PMID- 6211752 TI - [Cefoperazone in infections caused by resistant agents, with special reference to Pseudomonas aeruginosa]. PMID- 6211753 TI - Oxitropium bromide, ipratropium bromide and fenoterol in exercise-induced asthma. AB - Oxitropium bromide (Ba 253) is a new inhaled bronchodilating agent with anticholinergic properties. The effect of this compound (100 micrograms) was compared to that of ipratropium bromide (40 micrograms), the beta 2-receptor stimulant fenoterol (400 micrograms) and placebo in 8 patients with exercise induced asthma. The drugs were administered by metered dose inhalers, after which exercise test were performed on ergometer cycles at the times of the drugs' maximal effects. Forced expiratory volume during 1 S and vital capacity were recorded basally, repeatedly during 20 min after exercise and following the inhalation of isoprenaline (160 micrograms) which was given 20 min after exercise. Fenoterol possessed a very good protective effect against exercise induced bronchoconstriction in all patients, whereas the other drugs differed very little from placebo. Thus, only 4 patients did benefit from ipratropium bromide, 1 patient from oxitropium bromide and 2 patients from placebo. No side effect occurred. In the doses used the two anticholinergic agents ipratropium bromide and oxitropium bromide were less effective than a beta 2-adrenoreceptor stimulant like fenoterol in protecting against exercise-induced asthma. PMID- 6211754 TI - [C band polymorphisms of chromosomes 1, 9 and 16 in families with children with Down's syndrome (author's transl)]. PMID- 6211756 TI - [Diversity and pathology of lymphocytes]. PMID- 6211755 TI - [Neurobrucellosis. Report of five cases and literature review (author's transl)]. PMID- 6211757 TI - [Optimal conditions for the harvesting of human ovocytes for the purposes of in vitro fertilization]. PMID- 6211758 TI - [Immunopathology of glomerulonephritis]. PMID- 6211759 TI - [Lumbalgia caused by idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis (Ormond disease)]. PMID- 6211760 TI - [The problem of the disabled child. The challenge to the profession]. PMID- 6211761 TI - A megakaryocytic thrombocytopenia associated with the excess of Leu 2a+ suppressor cells. AB - 8 patients with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML), either at presentation or in remission, had normal T-cell subsets as defined by Fc receptors and monoclonal antisera. In contrast, a persistant excess of T lymphocytes staining with Leu 2a (defining suppressor cells) was noted in a case of AML in which persistant amegakaryocytic thrombocytopenia occurred after other haemopoietic lines had recovered from ablative chemotherapy. It is suggested that the 2a+ cells were involved in the suppression of megakaryocytopoiesis, and the phenotype of the lymphoid cells is compared and contrasted with previously described cases of other cytopenias associated with an excess of suppressor cells. PMID- 6211762 TI - The effects of orchidectomy, estrogens, and cyproterone acetate on plasma testosterone, LH, and FSH concentrations in patients with carcinoma of the prostate. AB - The peripheral plasma concentrations of testosterone, luteinising hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) were determined in 46 patients (age 51-86 years) with cytologically confirmed prostatic carcinoma. Treatment consisted of subcapsular orchidectomy (15 cases) or estrogen medication (16 cases) or cyproterone acetate (15 cases). The determinations were made before and 2 weeks and 2 months after treatment was initiated. No correlation was found between the pretreatment levels of testosterone and gonadotrophins and the local extent of the primary tumor or the degree of malignancy. Nor was there any correlation between hormonal level, presence of metastases or patient age. Orchidectomy and estrogen medication both resulted in very low plasma testosterone levels, corresponding to 15% of the pretreatment values. This proportion was 28% in the group treated with cyproterone acetate. Orchidectomy was followed by significant increase in the levels of LH and FSH. Estrogen treatment resulted in suppression of the LH levels to 40% and of FSH to 14% of the pretreatment values. The corresponding decreases in response to cyproterone acetate were 65 and 35%. The results indicate that reduction in gonadotrophin secretion is the primary mechanism in the lowering of testosterone levels produced by treatment with estrogens or cyproterone acetate. PMID- 6211763 TI - The drug treatment of osteoarthritis. AB - Recent recognition of the importance of inflammation and the efficacy of anti inflammatory drugs in osteoarthritis has increased their importance in the routine management of the disease. Anti-inflammatory drugs do more than just relieving pain; they reduce the duration of morning stiffness, stiffness after sitting and the number of tender joints. Patients usually prefer them to simple analgesics. The choice of anti-inflammatory drugs is determined largely by individual variation in response so that it may be necessary to try a number of different compounds before finding one which suits a particular patient. Intra articular steroids are disappointing in that though effective, their action is very brief. Intra-articular orgotein may have a useful role in the treatment of osteoarthritis. Simple analgesics are useful for patients with mild or intermittent pain when regular treatment is inappropriate. Specific therapy, like penicillamine for rheumatoid arthritis or allopurinol for gout, is urgently required. Better understanding of the pathogenesis of the disease may make this possible. PMID- 6211764 TI - [Injuries and damage to the locomotor system in diving]. PMID- 6211765 TI - Ontogeny of gastric acid secretion in the rat: evidence for multiple response systems. AB - Gastric acid secretion has been thought to depend on histamine stimulation of the parietal cell. However, in the 2-week-old rat neither exogenous histamine nor the H-2 receptor agonist impromidine stimulates acid secretion, whereas pentagastrin and the cholinergic agent bethanechol are potent stimuli. At this age, the effect of pentagastrin in acid secretion is not blocked by the H-2 receptor antagonist cimetidine, nor is it potentiated by impromidine. These data suggest that, in the rat pup, the acid secretory response to pentagastrin and cholinergic agents occurs before the histamine-mediated system is functional and operates independently of the actions of histamine. PMID- 6211766 TI - Gut reactions of radioactive nitrite after intratracheal administration in mice. AB - Intratracheal administration to mice of radioactive nitrite labeled with nitrogen 13 (13NO2-) (half-life, 9.96 minutes) in dosages that do not cause pharmacological perturbation reveals that oxidative and reductive reactions occur in different organs. Oxidation of 13NO2- to radioactive nitrate (13NO3-) predominates in the blood and liver. Reduction of 13NO2- occurs in those mice that harbor intestinal microflora; this reduction does not occur in germ-free mice. The intestinal reduction products include ammonium, glutamate, glutamine, and urea. With a detection limit of about 0.01 percent of the instilled nitrogen 13, no labeled nitrosamines were detected within 30 minutes. Reduced nitrogen-13 is transported out of the intensive into the circulatory system and appears in the urine along with 13NO3-. The biological half-period for 13NO2- destruction is about 7 minutes, and both oxidation and reduction products are formed. PMID- 6211767 TI - Depo-Provera debate revs up at FDA. PMID- 6211768 TI - Industrial dermatitis in Singapore and some epidemiological features. PMID- 6211769 TI - [Welfare of the young mentally handicapped patient and of his family]. PMID- 6211770 TI - Herniation through the foramen of Morgagni presenting as cardiomegaly. PMID- 6211771 TI - ELISA antibodies to cysticerci of Taenia solium in human populations in New Guinea, Oceania, and Southeast Asia. AB - The presence of ELISA antibodies to cysticerci of Taenia solium was surveyed in populations of New Guinea, Micronesia, and several areas of Southeast Asia. It is confirmed that cysticercosis in New Guinea remains limited to the primary Wissel Lakes focus in Irian Jaya, where the disease was introduced by the importation of infected pigs, and that it has not spread to populations east or south of the Wissel Lakes, or to Papua New Guinea. On the island of Bali, Indonesia, 21% of sera were positive from one village where pigs are especially numerous, whereas in Sumatra, Indonesia, only 3%-4% of sera were positive. In Singapore, there was a higher proportion of positive sera among the Chinese (13%) than among the Indian (5%) or Malay (3%) Moslems. From 3 to 13% of sera from populations in Micronesia, Burma, Vietnam, and the Philippines were also found to react with cysticercus antigen. However, the problem of incomplete ELISA specificity raises the possibility that in areas not known to be endemic for T. solium, seropositive results could represent either subclinical infection with cysticerci or crossreactivity to other parasitic infections. PMID- 6211772 TI - [Improvement of health care for the water-transport workers]. PMID- 6211773 TI - [Organization of specialized polyclinic rehabilitation centers]. PMID- 6211775 TI - [Improvement of the polyclinic health care]. PMID- 6211774 TI - [Automatic data processing during mass chest x-ray]. PMID- 6211776 TI - [Health care for the disabled veterans of the Second World War]. PMID- 6211777 TI - [N. Narimanov: physician, revolutionary, party and government figure]. PMID- 6211778 TI - [Public health of Dzhambul Province in the prerevolutionary period]. PMID- 6211779 TI - Synopsis: workshop on idiopathic low-back pain. PMID- 6211781 TI - [Catheterlysis of acute and subacute arterial stenosis]. PMID- 6211780 TI - A motivational scoring system for outcome prediction with spinal pain rehabilitation patients. AB - The aim of this study is to demonstrate an effective method of testing using the Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire (16 PF) along with the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) to predict outcome criteria in a spinal pain clinic. Using an objective system of criteria for patient achievement, including goals attained, pain estimates, psychological adjustment, medication reduction, and physical function, a quantitative method of scoring was employed to find success and failure. Using appropriately constructed testing methods, a very high level of predictability of outcome is now available. The combined use of the 16 PF and the MMPI can be relied upon to predict effective results in a spinal pain program with considerable confidence. PMID- 6211782 TI - [Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty in arterial kidney stenosis]. PMID- 6211783 TI - [Catheter dilatation using digital image subtraction]. PMID- 6211784 TI - Suppressor T cell activity in rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus. PMID- 6211785 TI - The treatment of onychomycosis with miconazole tincture. AB - Treatment of onychomycosis is usually unsatisfactory. A small clinical trial using a solution of miconazole (Daktarin; Janssen) in alcohol was undertaken to assess its potential in this difficult condition. Ten unselected patients completed the 32-week trial and the results, irrespective of whether the infecting organism was fungal or monilial, are recorded. A much larger and controlled trial is essential before firm conclusions may be drawn, but the results, particularly in Candida infections, are encouraging. PMID- 6211786 TI - [Creosote dermatitis in an ammunition depot. Case reports]. PMID- 6211787 TI - Contact dermatitis of the ear. PMID- 6211788 TI - New availability and access to dental care for the disabled: NFDH programs. PMID- 6211789 TI - Academy of Dentistry for the Handicapped: pioneer in concern. PMID- 6211790 TI - Anticonvulsant medication blood levels in dental inpatients. PMID- 6211791 TI - Management of oral self-mutilation in neurologically impaired children. PMID- 6211792 TI - Current status of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty. AB - With the development of a dilating balloon catheter that permits percutaneous treatment of many arterial stenoses and some occlusions, a definite advance in the therapy of peripheral vascular disease has been made. It is still too early to be certain what ultimate position this means of therapy will take in the overall treatment of vascular disease, as its use is still being extended and long-term results are not yet clearly known. When compared with surgical therapy, however, it has some striking advantages, although the durability of its effect appears to be less. Despite the fact that more time and experience are needed before its ultimate position is established, we believe that the evidence to date warrants inclusion of this form of therapy in the armamentarium of every major vascular center. PMID- 6211793 TI - T-cell subpopulations following thermal injury. AB - In this report, we have enumerated T-cell subsets as defined by receptors for immunoglobulin isotypes at 24 to 48 hours postburn. T cells possessing surface receptors for the Fc fragment of IgM represent a population of cells with helper activity, T mu cells, and T cells possessing surface receptors for the Fc fragment of IgG represent a population of cells with suppressor-cytotoxic function, T gamma cells. Significant alterations in the number and proportion of regulatory T cells was observed early in the course of severe burn trauma. A decrease in total T cells was accompanied by a drop in IgM-Fc binding lymphocytes, helper cells, in all burns greater than 20 per cent total body surface area. An increase in IgG-Fc binding lymphocytes was observed only in those patients who had sustained the most severe injuries, greater than 60 per cent total body surface area burn or greater than 25 per cent third-degree burn. These changes correlated linearly with the amount of full thickness injury, and the ratio of T mu:T gamma cells was significant at 24 to 48 hours postburn in predicting the risk of septic death. PMID- 6211794 TI - [Myocardial contraction and heart weight in patients with arteriosclerosis obliterans of the abdominal aorta before and after reconstructive surgery]. PMID- 6211795 TI - [Acute renal insufficiency, erythroderma and polyadenopathy during treatment with carbamazepine]. PMID- 6211796 TI - [Immediate complications following laparoscopy]. PMID- 6211797 TI - [Occurrence of gastroschisis and omphalocele in Norway 1967-1979]. PMID- 6211798 TI - [Transport of disabled persons in Oslo]. PMID- 6211799 TI - Cellular cytotoxicity generated in a canine mixed kidney lymphocyte cell culture. PMID- 6211800 TI - The sarcoplasmic reticulum of an ultrafast lobster muscle: first evidence of a tubular configuration. AB - The sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) of the remarkably fast remotor muscle of lobster second antenna was investigated with regard to ultrastructure, calcium uptake and protein composition. The SR of this unique muscle dominates the volume of the cell. We were able to preserve the configuration of the SR in its native state simply by processing the muscle for electron microscopy at 0-4 degree C. For the first time the SR is seen as larger (0.1 micrometer diam.) tubules that crowd the space between myofibrils, Previous observations of this organelle have been reported that showed a rather unsatisfying discontinuous vesicular configuration of the SR. This report indicates that these structures were fixation artifacts. The uptake of calcium measured in a microsomal subfraction in the presence of ATP and oxalate does not differ significantly from similar experiments with vertebrate SR. However, gel electrophoresis of lobster SR demonstrate a single intrinsic Ca-ATPase protein of 100,000 mol, wt. with neither of the typical lower molecular weight proteins found in vertebrate SR. PMID- 6211802 TI - [Means of improving the teaching of maxillofacial traumatology in medical, pediatric and health and hygiene departments]. PMID- 6211803 TI - Helping families to cope with handicapped children. PMID- 6211801 TI - Effect of mercuric chloride on the intestinal absorption of an amino acid, glycine, in the freshwater murrel, Channa punctatus. AB - The effect of five concentrations of mercuric chloride (10 mM, 1 mM, 0.1 mM, 0.01 mM, 0.001 mM) on the rate of absorption of the amino acid glycine by the intestine of the freshwater murrel Channa punctatus has been studied. Intestinal absorption of glycine was also studied in fish exposed to a sublethal concentration (3 micrograms/l) of mercuric chloride for 15 and 30 days. The results revealed that all the five concentrations of mercuric chloride reduced the rate of absorption of glycine by the intestine. Maximum decrease was recorded with 10 mM of mercuric chloride in the instilled medium. The reduction in glycine transport was insignificant with 0.01 and 0.001 mM of mercuric chloride. In fish exposed to mercuric chloride by bath also, decrease in the rate of absorption of glycine was noted but it was significant only after 30 days of exposure. PMID- 6211804 TI - Immunological mechanisms of graft-versus-host disease in man. PMID- 6211805 TI - Specific recipient-donor unresponsiveness mediated by a suppressor cell system in human kidney allograft tolerance. AB - The immunological responsiveness of a panel of 26 consecutive cadaver kidney allograft patients with good graft tolerance was studied against cells from the specific donor. Among these 26 patients, 11 underwent acute cellular rejection and were studied during the rejection episode. An additional eight transplant patients, who lost their graft as a result of cellular rejection, were nephrectomized and studied 6 months after their return to hemodialysis as the control group of patients "at equivalent risk." A low responsiveness against the specific donor was observed in cases of good graft tolerance, but was absent during rejection and in the control group. By using mixing experiments, cells from tolerant patients were able to actively and selectively suppress the response of their autologous pretransplant cells stimulated by the specific donor cells. These suppressor cells were effective only when added during the first 48 hr of the culture and could respond at a suppressor to responder cell ratio from 1:1 to 1:4. Finally, our observations indicate that allogeneic unresponsiveness between donor-recipient pairs may be associated with the presence of suppressor cells affecting the generation of helper T cells only in the specific situation, i.e., donor-recipient, and only in cases of good graft tolerance. PMID- 6211806 TI - Optimum conditions for the reproducible measurement of concanavalin A-activated suppressor cell activity. AB - The reproducibility of the measurement of concanavalin A (Con A)-inducible suppressor cell activity in human peripheral blood lymphocytes was examined. Suppressor cells were activated for 24, 48, or 72 hr with 3, 6, and 12 micrograms of Con A (Con A in concentrations greater than 12 micrograms/ml was toxic to the lymphocytes) per ml and suppression of the proliferative response of autologous lymphocytes to varying concentrations of Con A (3, 6, and 12 micrograms/ml) was measured. No single set of conditions consistently produced optimal suppression. Assays performed concurrently using lymphocytes from the same subject produced comparable suppressor cell activity; however, considerable variability in suppressor cell activity was observed under all conditions tested when five normal subjects were examined on as many as four separate occasions. The variability was reduced but not eliminated by reporting the data for each assay in terms of a peak suppression value determined from multiple sets of conditions. The results suggest that small differences in suppressor cell activity between patient groups may be masked by the intrinsic variability of the assay system. PMID- 6211807 TI - Suppressor cells in transplantation tolerance. III. The role of antigen in the maintenance of transplantation tolerance. AB - Suppressor cells, which in an alloantigen-specific manner inhibit proliferation of donor cells to host antigens in a mixed lymphocyte culture and adoptively transfer the suppression of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), undergo a gradual clonal reduction in long-term, allogeneic, histoincompatible rat radiation chimeras until they can no longer be measured in an in vitro suppressor cell assay. When lymphohematopoietic cells from these chimeras are transferred into lethally irradiated secondary recipients of original donor strain, the suppressor cells, now in a target antigen-free environment, undergo a further clonal reduction. After "parking" for 120 days, the chimeric cells are specifically tolerant to original host antigens, but cannot adoptively transfer suppression of GVHD. When chimeric cells, parked for 120 days in secondary recipients of original donor strain, are stimulated with original host-type antigen repeatedly during or once at the end of the parking period, the suppressor cell clone is expanded, suppressor cells can be identified in vitro, and suppression of GVHD can adoptively be transferred to tertiary recipients. PMID- 6211808 TI - Suppressor cells in transplantation tolerance. I. Analysis of the suppressor status of neonatally and adoptively tolerized rats. AB - The lymphocytes from neonatally tolerant rats which adoptively transfer tolerance to sublethally irradiated recipients do so by specifically suppressing the regeneration of alloreactivity which normally occurs after irradiation. Although tolerant cells will only partially suppress normal alloreactive cells when the two are mixed in near equivalent numbers, experiments in which the interval between injection of tolerant and normal cells into irradiated recipients was gradually extended, indicated that total suppression of normally alloreactive cells was achieved after 8 weeks of prior residence of tolerant cells in the adoptive host. Further evidence that tolerant cells would only suppress if present in excess of normal cells was obtained by reducing the tolerant cell population in tolerant donor rats by whole body irradiation. These animals then lost their ability to suppress normal alloreactive cells administered to them. The immune status of adoptively tolerized animals did not mimic that of the donors of the tolerant cells. Even where full tolerance, as measured by skin graft survival, failure to synthesize alloantibodies, and capacity to further transfer skin graft tolerance to secondary recipients, was evident the lymphocytes of these animals showed considerable graft-versus-host (GVH) reactivity. The persistence of tolerance through repeated adoptive transfers was correlated with the persistence of donor (chimeric) cells and the indicator skin graft on adoptive recipients only amplified tolerance expression where the inocula of tolerant cells given was weakly suppressive. Finally, removal of the minor population of chimeric cells from tolerant inocula using cytotoxic alloantisera abolished the capacity to transfer tolerance. These results imply an active role for chimeric cells which is best understood as an immune response involving proliferation driven by the idiotypes of the alloreceptors on host cells. PMID- 6211809 TI - Suppressor cells in transplantation tolerance. II. Identification and probable mode of action of chimeric suppressor T cells. AB - In order to differentiate between donor (chimeric F1) cells and host cells as being responsible for suppression in transplantation tolerance (TT), cells from tolerant donors were first subject to negative selection through F1 hybrid intermediate host animals. This revealed that the suppressor cells was neither completely removed from the lymph nor recoverable from the lymphoid tissues of the filter rat when highly suppressive inocula were used, suggesting that suppression did not directly depend on cells with receptors for alloantigens. The phenotype of donor and host cells in the recirculating pool was studied with fluorescent antisera and showed that both host cells and chimeric F1 cells were in the thoracic duct lymph of tolerant rats and were capable of recirculation. T and B lymphocytes of both types were present but the IgG-positive, presumptive memory B cells were highly enriched in those rapidly recirculating cells, obtained by filtration of tolerant inocula through irradiated intermediate hosts. These cells were also highly enriched for suppressor function. Methods which selectively depleted either the chimeric T cells or the B cells were applied to tolerant inocula and on adoptive transfer of these inocula, suppression was eliminated only when chimeric T cells were eliminated. This strict dependence of suppression of F1 hybrid T cells is interpreted as evidence that these cells probably suppress directly, via an anti-idiotypic mechanism, the alloreactive cells bearing idiotype-positive major histocompatibility complex receptors. PMID- 6211811 TI - Mapping functional sites on biological macromolecules. AB - Electron microscopy of macromolecules dried from glycerol and rotary shadowed from a low angle can reveal the structure of individual molecules, or groups of molecules, with remarkable clarity. We used this technique to examine the interaction of the red blood cell cytoskeletal proteins spectrin, a 500,000 dalton protein which is long (750 A) and flexible;actin, a 43,000 dalton protein capable of polymerizing into double helical filaments; and band 4.1, an 82,000 dalton globular protein. By examining binary and ternary complexes of these molecules, the binding sites for actin, band 4.1 and a fourth protein ankyrin, which links the cytoskeleton to the membrane, have been mapped along the length of the spectrin molecule. These findings, which have enabled us to construct a model of the red cell cytoskeleton, show that low angle shadowing is a powerful but simple method for investigating associations among macromolecules. PMID- 6211810 TI - [Idiopathic dilatation of the right auricle. Apropos of 2 cases]. PMID- 6211812 TI - Renal angiography in renovascular hypertension. PMID- 6211813 TI - Renal artery angioplasty: techniques and early results. PMID- 6211814 TI - Surgical treatment of Peyronie disease with dacron graft. PMID- 6211815 TI - Tubular transport capacity in human kidney cortex slices after prolonged preservation in Collins 2 solution. PMID- 6211816 TI - [Ultrasonic inhalations in treating upper respiratory tract pathology in workers in enterprises with a high dust content]. PMID- 6211817 TI - Isolation of ureaplasmas from poultry and experimental infection in chickens. AB - Ureaplasmas were isolated from the oropharynxes of 47 of 247 (19 per cent) Leghorn chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus) and from five Japanese bantams but none was isolated from the oropharynx or cloaca of other poultry comprising 10 Japanese game, 75 common quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica), 17 turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo) and 10 guinea fowls (Numida galeata). In apparently healthy chickens, ureaplasmas were found at various sites, including the conjunctiva, nasal cavity, oropharynx, upper and lower tracheas, but not from the air sac, lungs, yolk, oviduct, urine or cloaca. All the isolates were antigenically similar but had no serological relation to those isolated from man, monkey, cattle, goat, sheep, dog and cat. In chickens experimentally infected with an avian ureaplasma, the organisms infected the oropharynx and nasal cavity but none of the birds inoculated demonstrated any clinical signs or macroscopic lesions. PMID- 6211818 TI - Fenbendazole as a therapy for naturally acquired Stephanurus dentatus and gastrointestinal nematodes in feral swine. AB - Adult feral swine, naturally infected with kidney worms (Stephanurus dentatus) and gastrointestinal nematodes, were divided into two groups of 10 pigs each. One group was treated with fenbendazole (Panacur, Hoechst AG, Frankfurt am. Main) mixed in feed at the rate of 3 mg kg-1 body weight for 3 days. The second group received feed only and was designated as non-treated controls. The animals in both groups were necropsied 3 weeks post-treatment and examined for the presence of live and dead adult kidney worms in the perirenal and ureteral area, ureteral penetration, the presence of kidney worm larvae in the liver, hepatic scars due to kidney worm larval migration, and for liver fibrosis. No live adult kidney worms were found in the perirenal and ureteral areas of treated pigs, and the non treated pigs harbored an average of 42.8 live worms. No liver kidney worm larvae were found in the livers of treated pigs, and the non-treated pigs averaged 6.7 live larvae. At necropsy, urine samples from 8 of the 10 treated pigs contained no kidney worm eggs, and only 2 eggs were found in samples from each of the remaining 2 pigs in this group. In contrast, urine samples from 8 of the non treated pigs contained numerous kidney worm eggs. Reductions in ascarid (Ascaris suum) and nodular worm (Oesophagostomum dentatum) egg counts were also observed in treated pigs. PMID- 6211819 TI - Immunization with irradiated larvae against Dictyocaulus filaria in young lambs. AB - In the lungworm-endemic areas of Kashmir, 6-10 week old lambs of Karnah and Kashmir Merino breeds were vaccinated with two doses of 50 kR gamma-irradiated larvae of Dictyocaulus filaria, given a month apart. Assessed on the basis of reduced prevalence and significantly lower faecal larval output over an eight month observation period, vaccinated lambs showed a high degree of resistance to naturally acquired D. filaria infection. The results also show that vaccination against D. filaria provided some degree of protection against infection with other lungworm species. PMID- 6211820 TI - A case of apparent suppression of Anaplasma marginale infection by eperythrozoonosis (Eperythrozoon teganodes). AB - The apparent suppression of Anaplasma marginale infection by Eperythrozoon teganodes in a splenectomized calf has been reported. A splenectomized calf, inoculated with 500 ml of blood having 23% erythrocytes infected with A. marginale, developed eperythrozoonosis on the fourth day post inoculation. A. marginale parasitaemia remained very low during the patent eperythrozoonosis. A. marginale parasites started to increase in number only after E. teganodes infection had been controlled with neoarsphenamine. A splenectomized calf treated identically, but not showing E. teganodes parasites in the peripheral blood, developed clinical anaplasmosis and fulminant parasitaemia within 3-4 days post inoculation. PMID- 6211821 TI - [Improving the organizational structure of radiological services in the RSFSR]. PMID- 6211822 TI - Bovine mixed leukocyte response: effect of selected parameters on cell responses. AB - The bovine mixed leukocyte culture (MLC) system offers potential benefit for the study of genetic and immunologic mechanisms in this species. Selected parameters of the bovine MLC have been investigated to assess their influence. The findings indicate that maximal MLC response was present at days 5 and 6 with 2 x 10(5) responder to 2 x 10(5) stimulator cells per well or greater. Serum concentrations over a wide range effectively supported cell growth. More importantly, the source and treatment of serum influenced the level of MLC response. Serum autologous to the responder which was heat treated appeared to provide maximal MLC values compared to other sources examined. Antisera to serologically-defined lymphocyte antigens of the stimulating cell population did not affect the response. One-way MLC determinations were consistent when the stimulating cell population was irradiated at 1,000 Rads or greater. Both freshly obtained lymphocytes and lymphocytes held at room temperature for 18 hr provided good sources of MLC responder and stimulator cells; however, lymphocytes held for 18 hr consistently gave higher counts and stimulation indices than freshly obtained lymphocytes. The effect of contaminating RBCs was found to enhance MLC reactivity at lower concentrations and inhibit MLC reactivity when in excess of 7 X 10(9) RBC per well. Stimulator cells were present in both macrophage enriched and depleted populations suggesting several cell populations possess antigens which lymphocytes recognize. Consideration of these parameters were essential in providing optimal, reproducible results. PMID- 6211823 TI - [Effect of therapeutic agents on the antibody titer and allergic reaction in fowl typhoid-pullorum disease]. AB - Studies were carried out on the effect of furazolidon, spectam, Esb-3 and altabactin on the production of agglutinins and the initiation and development of an allergic response in chickens affected with pullorum disease. It was found that these preparations, when used three times at intervals of 20 days, in the course of 10 days each time at the respective therapeutic rates led to the decrease in the titer of agglutinins in the treated birds as early as the tenth day from the beginning of treatment. This trend remained unchanged during the whole period of treatment. Under the same experimental conditions no inhibition of the allergic reaction in the diseased birds against the lipopolysaccharide allergen of Salmonella gallinarum-pullorum was established. PMID- 6211825 TI - Bacteriophage lambda containing two temperature-sensitive mutations in the cI gene produces clear plaque at 30 degrees. PMID- 6211824 TI - Studies on polylysogens containing lambda N- cI- prophages. I. Control of synthesis and maintenance of a large number of integrated lambda genomes. PMID- 6211826 TI - [Treatment of occupational dermatoses at the Kul'dur health resort]. PMID- 6211827 TI - [Adaptation of Arctic residents with chronic pneumonia to the southern coast of the Crimea]. PMID- 6211828 TI - [Health resort treatment methods with patients having the combined form of the climacteric syndrome at Tskhaltubo and Gagry resorts]. PMID- 6211829 TI - [Esophageal and stomach pathology of residents in areas characterized by a high incidence of esophageal cancer morbidity]. AB - A high incidence of pathology in the esophagus was established in patients with chronic, particularly atrophic, gastritis (esophagitis, leukoplakia, dysplasia, fibrosis of submucosa, early forms of cancer, etc.). Most patients with chronic gastritis revealed esophagitis (71%) with concomitant leukoplakia (70.6%) or dysplasia (49%) which can be identified as precancer. Therefore, patients suffering from severe chronic gastritis, involving lesions of glands and atrophy of mucosa, living in areas with highly-endemic esophageal cancer should be referred to those at high risk for cancer of the esophagus. Timely examination for and therapy of chronic esophagitis in patients with a long history of severe chronic gastritis should be indispensable to prevent esophageal cancer. PMID- 6211830 TI - [Diagnosis of precancerous changes and early cancer of the stomach on a background of atrophic gastritis (based on data from the Kazakh Research Institute of Oncology and Radiology)]. PMID- 6211831 TI - [Organization of cooperative oncologic immunological research in the RSFSR]. AB - A number of medical establishments are conducting a joint study on Immunology of Tumors sponsored by CMEA. The study is carried out under the auspices of the P. A. Herzen Research Institute in the following directions: (1) Investigations in the diagnostic and prognostic value of immunologic tests in oncological clinic; (2) Establishment of basal immunological status of patients and its changes in relation to stages of cancer development; (3) Identification of immunological markers for tumors of different sites. This research is channeled into several programs. The success of the whole venture depends on active participation of all concerned. The results of the study will contribute to the clinical experience of application of immunological tests in examination of considerable groups of patients with tumors at different sites. PMID- 6211832 TI - [Prospects of improving the early diagnosis of lung cancer in women]. AB - Insufficient alertness of general practitioners resulting in diagnostic errors (47%) and latency of the disease (28.8%) are chiefly responsible for advanced cases of lung cancer among females. Improvement in the techniques of early diagnosis of lung cancer promises particularly good results for mass X-ray screenings of females since peripheral cancer is predominant in them. Lung cancer was detected at early stages in 78.7% of females and only in 50.5% of males. Early detection of the disease had a beneficial effect on the course of surgical treatment of lung cancer in female patients. Operable cases among them were 68.9% (v. 38.7% in males) and saving operations were performed in 73.8% of females and 60.2% of males. PMID- 6211834 TI - [Diagnosis and late treatment results in ovarian cancer]. AB - The morbidity of ovarian cancer and end results of therapy of 258 cases treated at the Vitebsk Oncological Dispensary are analysed. It is found that ovarian cancer occurs more frequently in patients aged more than 40 years and stage III IV tumors are diagnosed in 71.3% of cases. End results of treatment are determined by the microscopic structure and stage of tumor at the time of detection. 72.5% of patients with stage I tumors survive for more than 5 years, with stage III-II.7%. To ensure early diagnosis of ovarian cancer, it is recommended that complex examination of patients should include a cytological and biochemical analysis of material obtained by puncture of peritoneal cavity and measures aimed at suppressing blood leukocyte migration by tumor antigens should be taken. PMID- 6211833 TI - [Factors affecting patient survival in cervical cancer]. AB - The study is concerned with an evaluation of 636 case histories of cervical carcinoma. Combined treatment was given in 596 cases; treatment was confined to surgery in 40 cases. The study included an assessment of the end results with respect to stage, age of patient, histological pattern and type of growth of tumor and stage at which radiation therapy was given. Prognosis for cervical carcinoma appeared to depend on the stage of tumor process, age and type of growth, while no correlation was observed between histological pattern and survival, except for microcarcinoma and malignant polyp. Better results were obtained, when preoperative radiation course was given to patients with cervical carcinoma stage II (parametrial variant). The end results were worse in cases of regional metastases. PMID- 6211835 TI - [Trichomoniasis in cervical cancer]. PMID- 6211836 TI - Treatment of the chronic iliolumbar syndrome by infiltration of the iliolumbar ligament. PMID- 6211837 TI - [Coxarthrosis from the viewpoint of the Berlin-Mitte and Berlin-Weissensee disability compensation program]. PMID- 6211838 TI - [World situation of the disabled and Europe's tasks]. PMID- 6211839 TI - [International problems in the prevention and rehabilitation of injuries and handicaps]. PMID- 6211840 TI - [Social relations and social contacts of elderly citizens in need of care]. PMID- 6211841 TI - [Living facilities for senior citizens - principles and application of examples]. PMID- 6211842 TI - [Tasks and possibilities for the general practitioner in the rehabilitation of senior citizens]. PMID- 6211843 TI - [Support of physically and mentally handicapped adults in the district of Karl Marx-Stadt from the point of view of the Department or Public Health and Social Welfare of the district's council]. PMID- 6211844 TI - [Long-term results of the International Year of the Handicapped]. PMID- 6211845 TI - [Meleda disease - akroerythrokeratoderma]. AB - The authors reexamined eight patients with autochthonous Meleda disease. They further report about three other patients with this disease living on the island of Mljet (Meleda). Fron the clinical appearance the authors conclude that Meleda disease belongs to the group of Akroerythrokeratodermias. In no case an enhancement of the keratinisation disorder had occurred. The hyperkeratosis but not the erythrodermatic signs drastically reduced within two weeks after a treatment with an aromatic retinoid (Ro 10-9359). PMID- 6211846 TI - [Modification of automatic glucose determination using flow principle (DAB 7, method IV)]. PMID- 6211847 TI - [Mycoses in dermatology]. PMID- 6211849 TI - [Frequency of isolation of mixed cultures of fungi in foot mycoses in coal miners of Ostrava-Karvinsky coal basin, CSSR]. PMID- 6211848 TI - [Neural regulation of the fluid state of the blood and its coagulation]. PMID- 6211850 TI - [Zinc content in cultivated Udmurtia soils and incidence of zinc-dependent diseases]. PMID- 6211851 TI - Female sterilization: guidelines for the development of services. Second edition. PMID- 6211852 TI - Guinea worm control: testing the efficacy of health education in primary care. AB - Health education has been advocated as a major foundation for primary health care. However, the value of this approach is yet to be fully proven. An experimental PHC programme in ten Nigerian farm hamlets using methods such as community organization, participatory training and village meetings, put health education to the test. Significant short term improvements in community health knowledge resulted after training of a village health worker from each hamlet. Positive intermediate results in water sanitation behaviours were later observed. Three years after initial intervention, long term health outcomes included the reduction in prevalence of guinea worm, a locally endemic water borne disease. The programme also encountered certain organizational and technological issues. For example, integration with existing health care systems and local well construction capabilities surfaced as problems. Consequently efforts are currently underway to expand research into these areas. PMID- 6211853 TI - [The biological basis of endodontics (author's transl)]. PMID- 6211854 TI - [The structure of the cementum of the teeth in the scanning electron microscope (author's transl)]. PMID- 6211855 TI - [A method of the morphometry of gingival dental changes during tooth eruption (author's transl)]. PMID- 6211856 TI - [Cinematic analysis of the capsule and material to be mixed in mixing units for dental materials using high-speed film]. PMID- 6211857 TI - [Clinical and experimental examinations to estimate the function of the vacuum drainage of organic liquids (author's transl)]. PMID- 6211858 TI - [Thermographical researches of full skin grafts (author's transl)]. PMID- 6211859 TI - [Current status of the prevention of cheilognathouranoschisis]. PMID- 6211860 TI - [Possibilities of the reconstruction of mandible defects with a separation of the continuity (author's transl)]. PMID- 6211862 TI - [Development of oral surgery in Rostock]. PMID- 6211861 TI - [Psychological aspects of doctor-patient-relation in the treatment of head and neck cancer (author's transl)]. PMID- 6211863 TI - [Etiology of hormonal gingivitis]. PMID- 6211864 TI - [Oral and vaginal Candida colonization under the influence of hormonal contraception (author's transl)]. PMID- 6211865 TI - [Has pulpotomy in deciduous teeth any indication today? (author's transl)]. PMID- 6211866 TI - [Testing the driving fitness after dental surgical interventions by means of an automobile simulator (author's transl)]. PMID- 6211867 TI - [Diagnosis of nontumor-caused diseases of the salivary glands]. PMID- 6211868 TI - [Dehydro-epiandrosterone in blood serum and urine of women in normal pregnancy (author's transl)]. AB - Dehydro-epiandrosterone levels (DHEA) in blood serum and urine of pregnant women were determined in an attempt to find reliable diagnostic methods for an assessment of foetal condition. No statistical significance was exhibited by calculated interdependence between DHEA level and body weight of the mother or placenta weight. During the last weeks of normal pregnancy, DHEA in blood serum was almost constant. PMID- 6211869 TI - [Dehydro-epiandrosterone in blood serum and urine of women in pregnancy complicated by EPH gestosis (author's transl)]. AB - Ten women in pregnancy complicated by EPH gestosis were examined prior to and during treatment. DHEA levels were determined in blood serum and urine. Results were compared with findings obtained from a group of women with normal pregnancy. DHEA levels in blood serum were higher with significance in the group of probands, but no relationship of this kind was recordable for DHEA in urine. PMID- 6211870 TI - [Pregnancy of women with endoscopically detected and untreated sterility. Retrospective analysis of "false negative" findings (author's transl)]. AB - Diagnostic endoscopy was applied to 188 women for sterility diagnosis. "Apparent tubal sterility" was recorded from 56 patients. Seven of them turned pregnant without therapy, though bilateral tubal occlusion had been earlier established. An attempt is made in a retrospective analysis to find out what the possible causes might have been of such "false negative" findings. Particular reference is made to spastic intramural tubal occlusion. PMID- 6211871 TI - Metabolic modifications in the denervated pectoral muscle of the chicken. PMID- 6211872 TI - [Induction of chronic polyarthritis with constituents of erysipelas bacteria (Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae). 2. Studies on induction of arthritis in rats]. PMID- 6211873 TI - [Results of prolonged study of flood plain-swamp endemic foci of tularemia, and its prophylaxis in the Leningrad Region]. AB - The results of a prolonged (more than 18 years), comprehensive study have revealed that stable natural foci of tularemia in backwater swamps are widely spread in the Leningrad region. These foci are located in the narrow swampy flood plains of small watercourses with adjacent meadow areas among forests. Water from such small watercourses can often serve as the indicator of the epizootic process: during the above-mentioned period 346 Francicella tularensis strain have been isolated from water and 86 strains from small mammals. The water factor plays an important role in the circulation of the infective agent in natural foci. PMID- 6211874 TI - [Coagulase-negative Staphylococci isolated from patients. III. Phage typing]. AB - Coagulase-negative staphylococci of clinical origin were subjected to phage typing by means of phages from the experimental Dutch (Verhoef) and American (Paris) sets. These sets of phages were used to study 153 and 378 strains, respectively. The Dutch phages could lyse 30.1%, and the American ones 19.6% of the cultures. The strains belonging to the species S. epidermidis were lysed in 34.3% and 32.4% of cases, respectively, which is indicative of the fact that the American phages possess a more pronounced specificity in respect to S. epidermidis. The unsufficient effectiveness of typing phages does not yet allow one to evaluate the outlook for the method of phage typing in the study of coagulase-negative staphylococci. PMID- 6211875 TI - [Predicting neurologic morbidity]. AB - The neurological morbidity among the population of the Kemerovo Region in the period of 1966-1975 was studied, and detailed examinations of the population were carried out. On the basis of the data obtained a prognosis of the neurological morbidity for 1985 was formulated using the extrapolation method. The neurological morbidity in 1985 was predicted at a level of 112 cases per 1,000 of the population. Data on the actual and predicted structure of the neurological morbidity are presented. A statistically significant relationship between the number of neurological cases revealed and the number of patients' visits of neuropathologists is demonstrated. For complete disclosure and registration of neurological cases the scope of the neurological aid should be expanded. PMID- 6211876 TI - [Microsurgical inguinal flap: technical notes and preliminary results in a new experimental model]. PMID- 6211877 TI - [Radiopaque calculi of the appendix and their complications in childhood]. PMID- 6211878 TI - [Disturbances of equilibrium in the aged]. AB - The occurrence during the last year of vestibular disorders, faints and drop attacks was investigated in 150 patients consecutively admitted to a geriatric hospital. The clinical features of these episodes were recorded by means of a proper questionnaire. True vertigo and/or feeling of unstable equilibrium were referred by 54,6% of the patients inquired into, whereas episodes interpretable as faints and drop attacks showed by far lower prevalences, respectively 13,3% and 6%. The Authors call attention to the difficulties in differential diagnosis among these three kinds of phenomena in the current practice. PMID- 6211879 TI - [Obesity and pregnancy: epidemiological aspects]. PMID- 6211880 TI - [Retrospective evaluation of cases of osteogenic sarcoma arriving at the Gustave Roussy Institute (Villejuif, France) in the decade 1965-1975]. PMID- 6211882 TI - Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) in the management of post-operative alimentary tract fistulas. PMID- 6211881 TI - [Incidence of scoliosis in adolescents of the schools of Parma]. AB - The Author reports about a school screening which was taken during 1979-80 at Parma schools (2283 young people) with an average of 13 years. The inquiry has stated the reason for a request of a radiographic examination in 3,3 X 100 of these young people examined. It showed 14,87X1000 scoliosis over 10 degrees. The Clinical inquiry method (bending test) is used to point out the rotational prominence superior 5 mm, to asymmetry of size triangles, possible anomalies that may be found on the sagital plane (Kyphosis) or for excess of interior arts when superior 10 mm. The team was composed of two M.D. and six therapists; they were helped by the scolastic staff. PMID- 6211883 TI - [Intrathoracic lipoma. Case report]. PMID- 6211884 TI - Skin closure in abdominal incisions. Continuous nylon suture versus Steristrip Tapesuture : a controlled trial. PMID- 6211885 TI - Seborrhoeic dermatitis and napkin dermatitis. AB - Seborrhoeic dermatitis is described clinically and histologically with emphasis upon the vague definition of the disease. The relationship between pityriasis asteatosa and psoriasis is discussed. Napkin dermatitis is subdivided into infantile seborrhoeic dermatitis and true napkin dermatitis. The relationship between the former and psoriasis is unsettled. The role of microorganisms is stressed. Granuloma gluteale infantum is a condition caused by potent topical steroids and C. albicans. PMID- 6211886 TI - Dermatological problems in the work environment following childhood skin diseases. AB - Dermatoses belong to the most frequent occupational diseases. Many of them have an early onset. The dermatoses which appear in early childhood or in adolescence often heal early. However, there are also many patients who continue to have recurrences and exacerbations of their dermatoses into adult life, which is important to know in connection with choice of occupation and occupational health. Occupational problems in patients with atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, allergic contact dermatitis, polymorphus light eruption and acne vulgaris are discussed. Some of the results from a follow-up of 549 individuals who were treated as inpatients at the Dermatological Clinic, Karolinska sjukhuset, Stockholm, in 1952-1956 under a diagnosis of atopic dermatitis, prurigo Besnier or infantile eczema are presented, with emphasis on occupational problems. PMID- 6211887 TI - Disuse atrophy of human skeletal muscle. An enzyme histochemical study. AB - The effect of inactivity was examined in muscle biopsies from ten patients who were operated upon for unilateral knee joint lesions of long duration. Biopsies were taken from the vastus medialis on both sides, and transverse frozen sections were stained for myofibrillar adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase). Fibre type counting and exact measurements of muscle fibre size were performed and compared on the two sides. The muscle fibres on the affected side showed a definite reduction in size and, on the average, both types of fibres were about equally affected (27.6% vs. 25.0% reduction for types 1 and 2). However, there were considerable and unpredictable variations from case to case with predominant affection of type 1 in some and type 2 in others. The numerical distribution of fibre types did not change. It is concluded that both fibre types are affected in disuse atrophy, but it seems impossible to predict which of the fibre types will show the most severe atrophy. Thus, enzyme histochemical staining methods are of little help in the diagnosis of disuse atrophy. PMID- 6211888 TI - Changes in skeletal muscles of young women with anorexia nervosa. An enzyme histochemical study. AB - Biopsies from four young women with advanced anorexia nervosa were examined to investigate the effect of malnutrition on skeletal muscles. None of the patients showed signs of neuromuscular disease and all were physically active at the time of examination. Cryostat sections from the vastus lateralis muscle were stained with hematoxylin-azophloxin-safran and with stains for myofibrillar ATP-ase activity. In addition to routine examination of the sections, the size and distribution of the type 1 and type 2 fibres were calculated by means of a Kontron Digiplan MOP 02. Routine stained sections showed a small grouped atrophy in three cases and a more diffuse atrophy in the fourth. Enzyme histochemical stains revealed a distinct type 2 atrophy, a finding which should serve to distinguish the changes of pure malnutrition from those of conventional denervation. Exact measurements confirmed the predominant type 2 atrophy but showed definite atrophy also of the type 1 fibres. Compared with normal controls the type 1 fibres were reduced by 46% and the type 2 fibres by 75%. These findings are largely in agreement with the recent observations by Essen et al. (1981) on anorexia nervosa. However, in contrast to Essen et al. we did not find any change in the numerical distribution of the fibre types, especially no increase in type 1 fibres. Thus, we could not confirm the hypotheses of a conversion of the fibre types in cachexia. PMID- 6211890 TI - Laparoscopic sterilization with the Falope-ring technique. AB - One hundred and sixteen women were admitted to hospital for laparoscopic sterilization by the Falope-ring technique. Up to the present, and with an average observation period of 20.8 months, no pregnancies have occurred. Bleeding from the distal site of puncture and tubal transection were the most common peroperative complications, occurring in 4.4 and 3.5% respectively. In 80 patients, hysterosalpingography was performed after 3 months as a control. Unilateral leakage was demonstrated in 6 patients; 5 of these were resterilized via a minilaparotomy. The Falope-ring technique is easy and quick to carry out and, when performed correctly, is encumbered with a low rate of complications and failures. The method is recommended as an alternative to sterilization via electrocautery of the tubes. PMID- 6211889 TI - [On the fine structure of muscle spindle terminal in the lumbricalis muscles of the rat after section of the nerve (author's transl)]. AB - The nerve endings in muscle spindles from lumbricalis muscles of the hindpaw of the rat were studied by electron microscopy from 10 h to 7 days after section of the sciatic nerve. No sensory endings were found after 5 days and no motor endings after 3 days. Early changes in sensory endings included accumulation of lamellar bodies, mitochondrial swelling or shrinkage, an edematous appearance of the cytoplasm and disruption of membranes. The predominant way of removal was phagocytosis by activated mesenchymal cells; other endings were incorporated into the sarcoplasm as electron dense bodies. Early changes in motor endings included aggregation or swelling of synaptic vesicles, swelling or shrinkage of mitochondria, edematous change of the cytoplasm and disruption of membranes. The predominant way of removal was incorporation into the cytoplasm of adjacent Schwann cells and degradation to phagolysosomes. Sites of removed sensory endings could be identified by basement membrane reduplication, while the intact subsynaptic apparatus of removed motor endings was either loosely covered by Schwann cell processes, or by fibrillar material, or appeared empty. PMID- 6211891 TI - Long-term results in lumbosacral interbody fusion for spondylolisthesis. AB - Out of a group of 235 patients who underwent a lumbosacral interbody fusion, 24 who were operated on for spondylolisthesis and had a long follow-up period were isolated for careful clinical and radiological evaluation. All patients were examined 1 year after surgery and 10 years or more postoperatively. Bony fusion was achieved within 4 to 6 months in all cases except one. The clinical results, showed that all patients had a good or intermediate result after 1 year. After 10 years or more 20 patients still had a good result, three an intermediate result and one a poor result. Our special interest concerned the radiological behaviour of the discs above the fused segment. This was evaluated on flexion and extension films, preoperatively and 10 years postoperatively. After this period an instability, radiologically visible as a posterior shift of 3 mm or more, was found in three L4-5 segments. No instability was found in the L3-4 segments. The disc space height diminished in three cases in the L4-5 segment and in one case in the L3-4 segment. No definite conclusions could be drawn from the flexion and extension angles measured preoperatively and 10 years or more postoperatively. Analysis of the poor and intermediate results showed that low back pain may persist to some extent after previous posterior surgery. In two cases a correlation was found between narrowing and tilt of an L4-5 segment and pain. In these two cases there was also an inadequate correction of the preoperative olisthetic kyphosis. There was one case of persistent back pain without any clinical or radiological findings. Finally, of the 106 males out of the group of 235 patients, none had problems of postoperative sterility or persistent retrograde ejaculation. PMID- 6211892 TI - Cardiomegaly in hypoglycaemic small-for-gestational-age infants. AB - The chest X-rays of 15 hypoglycaemic small-for-gestational-age infants showed cardiomegaly in 10 infants, 4 had heart failure. None of the infants had respiratory distress syndrome, congenital heart disease, septicaemia, anaemia or polycythaemia; infants of diabetic mothers were excluded. Cardiomegaly disappeared with the normalization of blood glucose in most of the cases. The cause of the cardiomegaly and heart failure might be related to insufficient cardiac energy substrates in small-for-gestational-age infants. This condition should also be considered in the differential diagnosis of cardiomegaly and heart failure. PMID- 6211893 TI - Double immunofluorescence studies of immunoglobulins, complement components and their control proteins in patients with IgA nephropathy. AB - A study on double immunofluorescent staining of immunoglobulins, complement components, and their control proteins in renal tissues from patients with IgA nephropathy is described. Renal biopsy specimens were obtained from patients with IgA nephropathy. These biopsy specimens were stained with anti sera to human C1q, C4-binding protein, and beta 1H globulin by indirect immunofluorescent staining. These samples were then stained with rhodamine-conjugated anti human IgG, IgM, and IgA. Although C1q and C4-binding protein do not combine with IgA, they ubiquitously combine with IgG and/or IgM. beta 1H globulin also combine with IgG, IgM and/or IgA. It was demonstrated that the complement system activated in IgA nephropathy was via both alternative and classical pathways. The presence of C4 binding protein in glomeruli appeared to be a more sensitive indicator of classical pathway activation than the presence of C4. PMID- 6211894 TI - Immune complex-mediated glomerulonephritis and interstitial pneumonia simulating Goodpasture's syndrome. AB - An autopsy case of what was clinically considered to be Goodpasture's syndrome was investigated. The lung had hemorrhagic interstitial pneumonia, showing granular patterns of IgG and C3 along the alveoli by the immunofluorescent method and electron-dense subepithelial deposits by electron microscopy. The kidney had crescentic and segmental necrotizing glomerulonephritis associated with membranous nephropathy. Uneven, continuous patterns of immunofluorescent IgG and C3 along the GBM were noted. Electron microscopy showed numerous subepithelial deposits, and immunoelectron microscopy revealed that IgG was not present in the GBM itself but present in the subepithelial deposits. Anti-GBM antibody activity was not detected in the serum or the kidney eluate. It was suggested that renal and pulmonary lesions occurred through the same mechanism and in association with immune deposits. We propose that there is a disease having immune complex mediated deposits. We propose that there is a disease having immune complex mediated renal and pulmonary lesions which clinically resembles the conventional Goodpasture's syndrome. PMID- 6211895 TI - [Autoradiographic studies on binding of glycolate esters with muscarinic cholinergic receptors in mouse brain (author's transl)]. PMID- 6211896 TI - [Anticonvulsive action of succinate and geometrical isomers of ethylene-1,2 dicarboxylic acid (author's transl)]. PMID- 6211897 TI - [Isolation of venom from Agkistrodon acutus and assay of biological activities of thrombin-like enzyme and other fractions (author's transl)]. PMID- 6211898 TI - [Influence of sodium selenite on cardiac myodynamic effects (author's transl)]. PMID- 6211899 TI - [Comparison of antiarrhythmic effects of intravenous injections of changrolin and BL-4712A(author's transl)]. PMID- 6211900 TI - [Effects of denudatine on action potential of ventricular fibers and its inhibition on arrhythmogenic action of aconitine (author's transl)]. PMID- 6211901 TI - [Electron microscopic detections on emulsions of perfluorocarbon blood substitute (author's transl)]. PMID- 6211902 TI - [Hemorheologic studies on intravenous infusion of perfluorocarbon blood substitute in monkeys (author's transl)]. PMID- 6211903 TI - [Comparison of lead excretion in patients after 5 chelating drugs (author's transl)]. PMID- 6211904 TI - [Effects of 2, 2-dimethylthiazolidine hydrochloride on the radiosensitivity of transplantable mouse tumors (author's transl)]. PMID- 6211905 TI - [Effects of intracerebral injection of 6-hydroxydopamine in nucleus raphe magnus on electro-puncture analgesia in rats (author's transl)]. PMID- 6211906 TI - [Mutagenicity of a new antimalarial drug, pyronaridine, in the Salmonella/microsome system (author's transl)]. PMID- 6211907 TI - [A quantitative structure-activity study on artemisinine analogues (author's transl)]. PMID- 6211908 TI - [Preparation of [3H] octanoylprimaquine (author's transl)]. PMID- 6211910 TI - [Disposition of [3H] dimethyl-l-curine dimetho-chloride in rats (author's transl)]. PMID- 6211909 TI - [Absorption, distribution and excretion of [3H] octanoylprimaquine in rats (author's transl)]. PMID- 6211911 TI - [Analgesic and other CNS depressive effects of dihydroetorphine (author's transl)]. PMID- 6211917 TI - [Fat necrosis of the breasts with ring calcification]. PMID- 6211912 TI - Higher resistance of germfree mice to dianhydrodulcitol, a lymphotropic cytostatic agent. AB - The same dose of dianhydrodulcitol (DAD) produced a lower mortality rate among germfree mice than among SPF or conventional C3H mice. On the other hand, it caused graver lymphoid atrophy in germfree mice. Their higher resistance, as evidenced by the mortality rate, can be explained on the basis of a histological study of the ileum. It showed milder alterations of the intestinal wall in germfree than in SPF mice. The lymphotropic cytostatic agent had a less direct toxic effect in germfree mice, due to the lacking damaging effect of endotoxin from the normal intestinal flora. PMID- 6211919 TI - [Prognosis of children with cardiomegaly]. PMID- 6211923 TI - [Histogenesis of the conduction system of the human embryonic and fetal heart. Differentiation of the atrioventricular bundle]. PMID- 6211925 TI - [Cerebrospinal fluid findings in encephalomalacia]. PMID- 6211926 TI - [Contribution of cerebrospinal fluid studies to the diagnosis of encephalomalacia]. PMID- 6211927 TI - [Myocardial damage in collagen diseases]. PMID- 6211928 TI - Diffuse carcinomatosis of the spine and neurocranium. PMID- 6211929 TI - [Coexistence of two different brain tumors]. PMID- 6211931 TI - [Ultrastructure of cellular elements of internodal connections in the conduction system of human embryonic and fetal hearts]. PMID- 6211932 TI - [Initial results of HDL-cholesterol follow-up in patients with ischemic cerebrovascular disease and multiple sclerosis (significance of the ratio between HDL-cholesterol and total cholesterol)]. PMID- 6211933 TI - [Abnormal values of immunologic parameters in myotonic dystrophy. Results of a study of relatives in 3 generations of a family]. PMID- 6211938 TI - [Palmo-plantar keratodermas]. PMID- 6211939 TI - [Activation and inflammation in seborrheic keratoses]. PMID- 6211940 TI - [Mixed keratoses. Seborrheic and actinic]. PMID- 6211941 TI - [Clinical aspects of occupational dermatoses of construction workers]. PMID- 6211942 TI - Profile of antidepressant action of zimelidine and norzimelidine compared with amitriptyline. PMID- 6211943 TI - Clinical evaluation of two new antidepressants. PMID- 6211944 TI - ATP-driven Ca2+ pump activity of macrophage and neutrophil plasma membrane. AB - The results of the investigations here described permit us to conclude that macrophages and neutrophils have a peripheral, outwardly directed Ca2+ extrusion system, which is very similar to the well known Ca2+ pump of the red cell, with regard to capacity and mechanism (16, 21, 29). In fact, all the three cell types have similar maximum pumping rates (about 0.1-0.2 microgram-ions Ca2+/min/ml cells) and use ATP for extruding Ca2+. Furthermore, the plasma membrane of all the three cell types catalyzes a Ca2+-dependent ATPase reaction, which is very likely the enzyme manifestation of the Ca2+ pump activity. Further investigation is needed to establish whether the peripheral Ca2+ pump system of macrophages and neutrophils is utilized to restore steady-state levels of cytosolic Ca2+ upon cell stimulation, or is somehow involved in the triggering of cell response to various stimuli. In fact impairment of the pump activity by a cell stimulant would unbalance Ca2+ passive leaks and active cation extrusion, thereby leading to higher steady-state levels of Ca2+ in the cytosol and to stimulation of Ca2+ dependent functions (1-12). PMID- 6211945 TI - Ca2+ transport and surface membrane ATPase in macrophages. PMID- 6211946 TI - Neutrophil migration and orientation under agarose: findings in patients with the immotile cilia syndrome and effects of cytochalasin B and vinblastine. AB - This study has shown that the agarose technique is well suited for determination of whether impaired PMN migration is due to defective direction finding of deficient locomotive ability. By assessments of the degree of orientation of neutrophils together with measures of migration distances, we demonstrated that vinblastine treated normal neutrophils and PMNs from patients with the immotile cilia syndrome mainly move in a chemokinetic manner, whereas cytochalasin B hampers locomotive ability, but leaves direction finding intact. Hence, information whether chemotaxis or chemokinesis predominates is easily obtained in one single assay system. PMID- 6211947 TI - Leukotrienes and other lipoxygenase products. PMID- 6211948 TI - Structure, function, and metabolism of leukotriene constituents of SRS-A. PMID- 6211950 TI - Interaction of leukotrienes with cyclo-oxygenase products in guinea pig isolated trachea. PMID- 6211949 TI - Biological activity of leukotriene C4 in guinea pigs: in vitro and in vivo studies. PMID- 6211951 TI - Selective inhibitors of platelet arachidonic acid metabolism: aggregation independent of lipoxygenase. AB - The use of acetylenic acid analogs differing in chain length or position of the triple bonds permitted the systemic study of structure activity relationships for the arachidonate metabolizing enzymes (i.e, cyclo-oxygenase and lipoxygenase) in platelets and the relationship of these enzymes to aggregation. We were able to demonstrate analogs that were differentially selective in altering platelet arachidonic acid metabolism. We found analogs that preferentially: (a) inhibited cyclo-oxygenase only, (b) inhibited the 12-lipoxygenase only, (c) inhibited the cyclo-oxygenase and lipoxygenase, and (d) inhibited neither enzyme in platelets. There was a direct correlation between the rank order of potency of the acetylenic analogs to inhibit platelet cyclo-oxygenase and to suppress aggregation. Certain structural features of the triynoic acetylenic analogs were critical in influencing platelet function; thus the presence of a triple bond at position 14 as well as the lack of triple bond at position 5 resulted in analogs which inhibited both cyclo-oxygenase and platelet aggregation. On the other hand, analogs that inhibited only platelet 12-lipoxygenase were very weak inhibitors of platelet aggregation. These inhibitors provide potentially powerful tools for dissociating the two arachidonate metabolic pathways. If other tissues are are readily manipulated as platelets, the analogs may be especially useful for gaining insight into the contribution of lipoxygenase products to biological function. PMID- 6211952 TI - Cardiovascular, respiratory, and hematologic effects of leukotriene D4 in primates. PMID- 6211953 TI - Leukotriene D4: a potent vasoconstrictor of the pulmonary and systemic circulations in the newborn lamb. PMID- 6211954 TI - SRS-A, leukotrienes, and immediate hypersensitivity reactions of the heart. PMID- 6211955 TI - Antagonists of SRS-A and leukotrienes. PMID- 6211956 TI - Selective inhibition of bronchoconstriction induced by leukotrienes C and D in man. PMID- 6211957 TI - Comparative pharmacology and antagonism of synthetic leukotrienes on airway and vascular smooth muscle. PMID- 6211958 TI - Induction and comparison of the eosinophil chemotactic factor with endogenous hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids: its inhibition by arachidonic acid analogs. PMID- 6211959 TI - Inflammatory properties of lipoxygenase products and the effects of indomethacin and BW755C on prostaglandin production, leukocyte migration, and plasma exudation in rabbit skin. PMID- 6211960 TI - Role of lipoxygenases in regulation of PHA and phorbol ester-induced mitogenesis. AB - The experiments described here confirm the critical involvement of products of arachidonic acid metabolism in immune cell function. The results suggest opposing activities of the cyclo-oxygenase versus the lipoxygenases products in these systems. However, in contrast to the situation with the prostaglandins, where addition of the pure compounds has reproduced the effects predicted from the inhibitor studies, identification of the specific lipoxygenase products involved and the induction of the predicted biological response by addition of these compounds remains to be accomplished. PMID- 6211961 TI - Isolation of an enzyme system in rat lung cytosol which converts arachidonic acid into 8,11,12-trihydroxyeicosatrienoic acid. AB - An enzyme system in rat lung is described which transforms arachidonic acid into 8,11,12-trihydroxyeicosatrienoic acid. The enzyme system is present in the high speed supernatant fraction of a rat lung homogenate and can be precipitated with ammonium sulfate (30 to 50% saturation) and concentrated. Preliminary experiments indicate that the enzyme activity can be eluted from Sephadex G-200 and Sepharose 6B gel chromatography, whereas all activity is lost on DEAE cellulose chromatography. Enzyme activity is heat-liable, being lost after 10 min at 50 degrees C. PMID- 6211962 TI - Purification and properties of arachidonate-15-lipoxygenase from rabbit peritoneal polymorphonuclear leukocytes. PMID- 6211963 TI - The effect of grain preservatives on the growth of the fungus Fusarium graminearum and on the quantity of zearalenone. PMID- 6211965 TI - Therapeutic neuromuscular paralysis in neonates: characteristic radiographic features. AB - Neonates with respiratory distress requiring mechanical ventilation may be treated with muscular paralysis to improve oxygenation. This results in characteristic radiographic features that relate in part to the specific drug used. The radiographic signs are: bell-shaped chest, decreased bowel gas, and soft-tissue edema. When all three findings are present, the use of neuromuscular blockade can be suggested from the radiographs alone without the aid of clinical history. Radiographs of 57 infants treated with muscular paralysis and mechanical ventilation were compared to 20 infants treated with mechanical ventilation alone. In paralyzed patients, a characteristic bell-shaped chest was seen in 24 of 57 and decreased bowel gas in 46 of 52. Soft-tissue edema was seen in patients treated with metocurine, and the incidence increased with duration of therapy (18 of 25 treated for 5 or more days); it was not radiographically detected in patients treated with d-tubocurarine (0 of 13). Bell-shaped chest, decreased bowel gas, and soft-tissue edema occurred one, three, and one times, respectively, in 20 nonparalyzed control infants, and each time the findings carried significantly different clinical implications. All cases were reviewed to determine if pulmonary edema can result from mobilization of soft-tissue edema fluid after cessation of neuromuscular paralysis, and this was found not to occur. PMID- 6211964 TI - Interference of mycotoxins with prenatal development of the mouse. I. Influence of aflatoxin B1, ochratoxin A and zearalenone. PMID- 6211966 TI - Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty in the treatment of abdominal angina. AB - Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of the superior mesenteric artery was performed on seven patients with clinical and radiographic evidence of abdominal angina. The procedure was successful in six patients thereby avoiding a revascularization procedure. Clinical and angiographic follow-up to 28 months revealed marked improvement in symptoms and continued patency of the dilated vessel. PMID- 6211967 TI - Transluminal angioplasty for treatment of vasculogenic impotence. PMID- 6211968 TI - Progression from hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy to congestive cardiomyopathy in a child. PMID- 6211969 TI - Early hypertension and cardiac work. AB - Myocardial function and ventricular work in early essential hypertension were assessed by comparing systemic hemodynamics and echocardiographic data in 33 normotensive subjects and 38 hypertensive patients, all without left ventricular hypertrophy. External work (tension-time index and cardiac work) and internal work (fiber shortening velocity) were significantly increased in the patients with mild hypertension. Because factors other than blood pressure contribute to cardiac work, antihypertensive therapy must favorably affect both blood pressure and cardiac work. PMID- 6211970 TI - Partial atrioventricular canal defect in elderly patients (aged 60 years or older). AB - Partial atrioventricular canal defect in elderly patients (aged 60 years or older) is extremely rare, and surgical results in this select group have not been reported. This report describes in detail the clinical profile of six such patients and the surgical results in four of the six. There was no operative mortality. This experience, albeit based on small numbers, suggests that operation can be performed at low risk with gratifying symptomatic improvement and that surgical repair in symptomatic elderly patients with partial atrioventricular canal detect can be justified. PMID- 6211972 TI - Pseudomonas sacroiliac osteomyelitis: diagnosis by gallium citrate Ga 67 scan. PMID- 6211971 TI - Effect of radiation therapy and in vitro x-ray exposure on lymphocyte subpopulations and their functions. AB - Radiation treatment of breast cancer patients (45.0 Gy) profoundly affected the peripheral blood lymphocytes. The number of these cells was markedly reduced with non-T-cells being more extensively depleted than T-cells immediately after radiation. The long-lasting lymphopenia, on the other hand, was mainly due to reduced number of T-cells. Antigen and mitogen stimulability, MLC reactivity, pokeweed (PWM)-induced immunoglobulin (Ig) production in vitro, and different cytotoxic functions decreased. Depletion of lymphocytes largely restored the radiation-depressed lymphocyte reactivity. The effects of in vitro exposure of blood lymphocytes to x-rays were similar to those seen after radiotherapy. Non-T cells and T-cells with Fc-receptors for IgG were relatively radiosensitive. This latter observation agreed well with demonstrated increase of PWM-induced Ig synthesis after in vitro exposure to x-rays. T-suppressor cells defined by monoclonal antibodies were, however, radioresistant. The cytotoxic functions were reduced. No correlations were found between the pretreatment immunological status or the extent of radiation-induced immunological suppression, respectively, and prognosis. PMID- 6211973 TI - Increased mucosal lysosomal enzyme activity in sepsis-associated gastric lesions. AB - The role of lysosomal enzymes in the pathology of gastric mucosal damage has been demonstrated for stress-, aspirin-, and bile-induced acute gastric erosions. In a septic canine model we measured gastric mucosal beta-N acetylhexosaminidase activity during the evolution of septic-induced acute gastric erosions. In the first septic day bleeding acute gastric erosions developed in the fundus while in the antrum minimal petechiae appeared. During this period beta-N acetylhexosaminidase activity significantly increased in fundic mucosa that was grossly normal but significantly decreased in grossly normal antral mucosa. These experiments thus demonstrate that during the evolution of septic gastric mucosal damage the earliest abnormality is significant increase in mucosal lysosomal enzyme activity. PMID- 6211974 TI - Influence of demographic factors on annual Down's syndrome births in Ohio, 1970 1979, and the United States, 1920-1979. AB - Because of the high correlation between advanced maternal age and the risk of Down's syndrome, the demographic factors of population age structure and age specific birth rates are expected to have considerable effect on Down's syndrome births. The principal objective of this research was to clarify the past and present role of dramatic changes in these two demographic factors within the United States in determining the number and incidence of Down's syndrome births, and the percentage of these births to women greater than or equal to 35. The main hypothesis is that demographic events, modified by increasing use of amniocentesis, adequately account for the general trends regarding Down's syndrome births reported in the recent literature, as opposed to other explanations such as environmental factors or a real biologic increase in Down's syndrome births in younger women. The hypothesis was tested using estimates of the annual number of Down's syndrome births in Ohio for 1970-1979, obtained through use of the Lincoln-Peterson Capture-Recapture method of estimating population size. These were compared to predicted N derived from Ohio demographic data and single year maternal age Down's syndrome risk rates from Upstate New York. The two values of N were in statistical agreement in 8 of the 10 years compared, and show an overall incidence of Down's syndrome in Ohio during the 1970s of 1.20. Using USA government demographic data and Ohio 1970-1979 single year maternal age Down's syndrome risk rates, predicted Down's syndrome births were derived for the USA during 1920-1979. The results show a long-term decline over the period in predicted number (6870 to 4232), incidence (2.42 to 1.23), and percentage of Down's syndrome births to women greater than or equal to 35 (64.3 to 23.4). A precipitous decline in all three values was obtained for the 1960s and early 1970s, with an abrupt end to the declines during the mid 1970s. Predicted number of Down's syndrome births rose 10.4% during the last half of the decade from a low of 3835 in 1975, and is expected to continue to rise rapidly throughout the 1980s, principally as a result of the large increase in the number of women moving into the older age categories. PMID- 6211975 TI - Quantitating the severity of proximal tubular brush border injury by a simple direct binding radioimmunoassay. AB - The purpose of this investigation was: (1) to establish a simplified radioimmunoassay (RIA) for quantitating renal tubular epithelial antigens (RTE) in urine; (2) to ascertain whether urine RTE concentrations as measured by this technique correlate with the severity of acute nephrotoxic and ischemic injury; and (3) to ascertain whether increased urinary RTE is a specific marker of renal tubular injury. A direct binding RTE RIA was established using 125I labelled anti RTE antibody and 10% polyethylene glycol to separate bound from unbound anti-RTE 125I. This RIA is simpler than previously described RTE assay methods since: (1) double antibody separation techniques are eliminated; (2) RTE antigen purification from crude proximal tubular fragments is no longer necessary; and (3) immunoglobulin G(IgG) rather than more radiosensitive RTE is used as the radioligand. To test the utility of this assay as a marker of acute tubular injury anesthetized rats were subjected to graded nephrotoxic (HgCl2: 0--20 mg/kg) or bilateral renal ischemic (0--32 min) insults. Glomerular filtration rates (GFR) (clearance iothalamate 125I) and RTE concentrations were measured sequentially. Post-renal injury, RTE concentrations rose above control values and the degree of elevation strongly correlated with the severity of GFR depression (r = 0.72--0.81; p less than 0.02--0.05). The source of this increased urinary RTE was the proximal tubule since brush border loss was demonstrated histologically and because no RTE could be detected in serum. Rats whose GFRs were acutely depressed by inducing either volume depletion or acute experimental glomerulonephritis (nephrotoxic serum nephritis) all had normal urine RTE concentrations. These results suggest that RTE quantitation by this technique may provide a specific and early quantitative index of the severity of acute nephrotoxic and ischemic renal injury. PMID- 6211976 TI - Pretransplant donor specific blood transfusions for one haplotype stimulatory mixed lymphocyte culture living related donor transplants. AB - Three donor specific blood transfusions were given at 2-wk intervals pretransplantation, to those donor-recipient pairs who were one haplotype identical, but had stimulatory MLC. Two of 10 recipients who received donor specific blood transfusions developed T cell cytotoxic antibodies against their donor and were not transplanted. Eight recipients were successfully transplanted with no evidence of hyperacute rejection. All eight grafts are functioning from 2 to 15 mo post-transplant. Serum creatinines range from 1.0--3.9 mg%. There have been five patients who developed acute rejection episodes during the first 5 days post-transplant, and there have been a mean of 2.4 rejection episodes per patient. These results compare favorably to historical controls at the same institution who had a 40% incidence of graft success. The long-term graft survival remains to be elucidated. PMID- 6211977 TI - Nontraumatic death in joggers. A series of 30 patients at autopsy. AB - Since few autopsy data are available on the cause of death in joggers, 30 joggers who underwent autopsy were studied. All were males 18 to 57 years of age (mean 36 years). Information on jogging habits was available in 18 patients who ran 7 to 105 miles per week (mean 33) for one to 28 years (mean 20). Three of the 30 patients were "marathon runners." In 12 patients, the only available information was that they had been jogging for at least six months, but information regarding the distance run was not available. Sixteen patients (53 percent) had clinical histories of systemic hypertension, hypercholesterolemia and/or family histories of coronary heart disease; eight patients had a previous history of coronary heart disease; two had transient ischemic attacks. Nineteen patients died suddenly while jogging; six died suddenly after jogging; three noted chest pains soon after jogging; two were found dead in bed. The heart weights were increased in 16 (53 percent). Twenty-two patients (73 percent) had severe coronary artery atherosclerosis, six of whom had coronary artery thrombi; acute and/or healed myocardial infarction was present in 14 (47 percent). One patient had a floppy mitral valve. In seven patients, no cause of death could be established; three of these had cardia hypertrophy and six had myocytolysis. Myocytolysis was also noted in 11 patients with severe coronary atherosclerosis. Severe coronary artery atherosclerosis was the major finding (73 percent) in the 30 joggers in this series. PMID- 6211979 TI - Combination therapy for evolving myocardial infarction: intracoronary thrombolysis and percutaneous transluminal angioplasty. AB - Nonsurgical coronary reperfusion for evolving myocardial infarction is a promising new technique for the salvage of jeopardized myocardium. Successful reperfusion can be established by intracoronary infusion of streptokinase in approximately 75 percent of patients within the first 6 hours of transmural infarction [1.2]. Following recanalization, most patients are left with high grade fixed coronary stenoses which are potential sites for recurrent thrombus formation. Since the underlying site for coronary thrombosis is still present, reocclusion may occur. Indeed, early experience suggests that recurrence of thrombosis is not uncommon [3.4]. Therapy for evolving myocardial infarction should, in some patients, involve not only thrombolysis, but also an attack on the fixed coronary lesion. We describe a patient wit evolving myocardial infarction who was treated successfully with combination therapy consisting of intracoronary streptokinase followed by percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty [5]. PMID- 6211978 TI - Therapy of hypercalcemia due to parathyroid carcinoma with intravenous dichloromethylene diphosphonate. AB - Dichloromethylene diphosphonate (Cl2MDP) a potent inhibitor of osteoclast mediated bone resorption, lowers serum calcium in hypercalcemia associated wit malignancies and with primary hyperparathyroidism, and reduces excess calcium mobilization from bone in multiple myeloma and in Paget's disease. We have evaluated the effectiveness of intravenously administered Cl2MDP in five patients with parathyroid carcinoma, a disorder characterized by severe hypercalcemia, very high parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels, and marked osteoclast-mediated bone resorption. All patients had biopsy-proved metastatic parathyroid carcinoma and hypercalcemia which persisted after multiple surgical procedures and other attempts at management. During a three-day observation period, each patients continued to demonstrate stable or progressive hypercalcemia despite infusion with saline solution and furosemide. Cl2MDP was administered over 2 hours at 2.5 mg/kg on day 1 and 5 mg/kg on days 2 through 7. Response was noted in all five patients; there was a gradual decline in the average serum calcium from 16.0 +/- 1.1 mg/dl (SEM) to 11.1 +/- 0.9 mg/dl by the eighth day (p less than 0.01). There were concomitant reductions in urinary calcium excretion, from 798 +/- 153 mg/g creatinine to 350 +/- 96 mg/g creatinine (p less than 0.05) and in the urinary hydroxyproline excretion, from 155 +/- 38 mg/g creatinine to 94 +/- 29 mg/g creatinine (p less than 0.02). Serum PTH levels remained markedly elevated (460 +/- 141 micrograms eq/ml to 493 +/- 169 micrograms eq/ml). In three patients, all indices returned to pretreatment levels by 10 days after the last infusion. In two of these patients there was a response to retreatment with Cl2MDP with a fall in calcium from 16.9 +/- 0.5 mg/dl to 12.4 +/- 1.5 mg/dl. There was no response in one patient. No adverse reactions to Cl2MDP were observed. The decrease in serum calcium and concomitant declines in urinary calcium and hydroxyproline suggest that Cl2MDP can effectively inhibit the excessive bone resorption associated with parathyroid carcinoma. PMID- 6211980 TI - Angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy with hypogammaglobulinemia. Possible role of monocyte suppression. AB - A patient wit angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy had low serum immunoglobulin values and no antibodies to injected immunogens. This occurred despite the proliferation of polyclonal B cells. T cells were deficient in number and in lymphoproliferative responses, but their helper and suppressor functions were maintained. Ia-antigen bearing leukocytes from the patient stimulated poorly in mixed leukocyte culture. In vitro immunoglobulin synthesis by mononuclear leukocytes form the patient was severely impaired. These leukocytes actively suppressed immunoglobulin synthesis by normal cells from healthy subjects in co culture. The responsible cell had characteristics of a monocyte. The suppression was selective for humoral immunity and was manifest despite normal numbers of monocytes. It appears that heterogeneous immunoregulatory abnormalities can underlie the syndrome of angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy. Furthermore, monocyte suppressor abnormalities may be implicated in clinical disease phenomena. PMID- 6211981 TI - Empiric antibiotic therapy for suspected infection in granulocytopenic cancer patients: a comparison between the combination of moxalactam plus amikacin and ticarcillin plus amikacin. AB - Moxalactam is a new cephalosporin with a broad spectrum of activity which includes Pseudomonas aeruginosa in addition to Klebsiella species Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus. Moxalactam was combined with amikacin (M + A) compared to ticarcillin plus amikacin (T + A) in a prospective, randomized double blind trial of empiric therapy for febrile episodes among granulocytopenic cancer patients. One hundred and ninety-one epidoses were evaluated; T + A, 93 episodes and M + A, 98 episodes. Median granulocyte count of initiation of therapy was less than 100/microliters. Overall response rates were good. In the T + A group, 21 of 29 (72 percent) microbiologically documented infections, including seven of 14 (50 percent) bacteremias, and 24 of 27 (89 percent) clinically documented infections improved. In the M + A group, 20 of 28 (71 percent) microbiologically documented infections, including 11 of 18 (61 percent) bacteremias, and 25 of 25 (96 percent) clinically documented infections resolved. Adverse effects were minimal and equivalent in both groups. Hypokalemia (decrease in serum potassium of greater than 11 mEq/liter from baseline) occurred in 14 of the 93 episodes in the T + A group and in 10 of the 98 episodes in the M + A group with decline in mean serum potassium level of 0.5 and 0.4 mEq/liter respectively. Nephrotoxicity (increase in serum creatinine greater than 0.04 mg/dl) occurred in only one patient in the T + A group and in two patients in the M + A group. Moxalactam plus amikacin has a broader in vitro spectrum, is as effective, and is no more toxic than ticarcillin plus amikacin as empiric therapy for febrile granulocytopenic cancer patients. PMID- 6211983 TI - The fragile X chromosome: current methods. PMID- 6211984 TI - Tetrasomy 21 in an infant with Down syndrome and congenital leukemia. PMID- 6211982 TI - Behcet's syndrome and renal involvement: a histological and immunofluorescent study of eleven renal biopsies. AB - The finding of focal glomerulonephritis in a patient with Behcet's syndrome led us to perform systematic renal biopsies in ten other patients with the disease. None of the patients had symptoms of renal disease. Proteinuria was found in five, two of whom had associated leukocyturia. By light microscopy mesangial and extramembranous glomerular deposits were observed in eight patients. Arterioles in ten patients showed subendothelial and medial hyaline deposits. A granular pattern of fluorescent staining identified the presence of the third component of complement in these deposits. Circulating immune deposits were sought and found in six out of seven patients. The finding of circulating immune complexes and deposition of complement in glomerular and arteriolar tissues supports an immune complex mediated nephropathy and is consistent with the hypothesis of an immunological pathogenesis in Behcet's syndrome. PMID- 6211986 TI - Impact of prenatal chromosomal diagnosis in order women on population incidence of severe mental retardation. PMID- 6211985 TI - Effects of tamoxifen, medroxyprogesterone acetate, and their combination on human endometrial estrogen and progestin receptor concentrations, 17 beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity, and serum hormone concentrations. PMID- 6211987 TI - Minilaparotomy or laparoscopy for sterilization: a multicenter, multinational randomized study. World Health Organization, Task Force on Female Sterilization, Special Programme of Research, Development and Research Training in Human Reproduction. AB - A multicenter, multinational randomized comparison of minilaparotomy and modified Pomeroy tubal ligation and laparoscopy with tubal electrocoagulation for interval sterilization of women was conducted in eight centers. Results were analyzed for 791 women in the minilaparotomy group and 819 in the laparoscopy group. Major complications occurred in 1.5% of women in the former group and 0.9% in the latter. Technical problems or major anesthetic complications occurred in 0.5% of subjects undergoing minilaparotomy and 0.9% of subjects undergoing laparoscopy. For minor complications the figures were 11.6% and 6.0%, respectively, while for minor complaints the rates were 34.1% and 26.5%, respectively. It is concluded that the two methods of approach to the fallopian tubes are similar in their complication rates. Because of its more simple requirements in terms of equipment and training, minilaparotomy is the preferred approach for services provided away from a major institution. PMID- 6211988 TI - Cefoperazone concentrations in human aqueous humor after intravenous administration. AB - Twenty-four patients about to undergo elective cataract surgery received either a 2-g (ten patients) or a 4-g (14 patients) intravenous infusion of cefoperazone one to six hours before surgery. The 4-g dose produced a mean peak aqueous humor concentration of 2.93 micrograms/ml at one hour; the mean concentration remained higher than 2 micrograms/ml for at least four hours. These levels, however, were never more than 90% of the minimum inhibitory concentration of cefoperazone for common bacterial ocular pathogens. PMID- 6211990 TI - To market, to market. PMID- 6211989 TI - Iridocyclitis in two patients with hypocomplementemic cutaneous vasculitis. AB - Two patients, a 48-year-old woman and a 56-year-old man, had hypocomplementemic cutaneous vasculitis syndrome. The patients had ocular pain and photophobia and were found to have bilateral recurrent iridocyclitis. We treated the iridocyclitis with cycloplegia and topical corticosteroids, which relieved their symptoms and diminished the clinical signs. The bilateral iridocyclitis found in both patients may have been secondary to immune complex deposition in the eye. PMID- 6211991 TI - Fusimotor system involvement in the tranquilizer effect of exercise. PMID- 6211992 TI - Role of catecholamines in myocardial cell hypertrophy in hypertensive rats. PMID- 6211993 TI - Ultrastructural and enzymatic development of fetal guinea pig heart. AB - The activities of some enzymes of glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and amino acid metabolism have been measured in the fetal guinea pig heart over the last third of gestation and correlated with heart ultrastructural development. There is little change in glycolytic enzyme activity except for a two- to threefold increase in phosphofructokinase activity. Mitochondrial content and enzyme activities are low in the early fetal heart, and, although content is similar in the late fetus and adult, enzyme activities increase twofold postnatally, indicating fetal heart mitochondria are incompletely developed. The activities of aspartate and particularly alanine aminotransferase are low in the fetal heart. Over the last third of gestation the myofibrillar content of the fetal myocyte increases twofold to the adult value by term. Associated with this is a fourfold rise in myofibrillar and sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase activity. Na+-K+ ATPase activity is similar in the late fetal and adult heart but one-third lower in the early fetal heart. PMID- 6211994 TI - Controlled trial of zimelidine, a 5-HT reuptake inhibitor, for treatment of depression. AB - The authors conducted a double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial of the selective 5-HT reuptake inhibitor zimelidine in the treatment of major depressive illness. Zimelidine had the same antidepressant efficacy as amitriptyline but significantly fewer side effects, especially anticholinergic effects. PMID- 6211995 TI - Genetic disease before and after the birth event. PMID- 6211997 TI - Laparoscopy--a stressful procedure. AB - The metabolic and hormonal response to laparoscopy was investigated in 22 patients, in whom nitrous oxide-oxygen anaesthesia was supplemented with either 150 micrograms fentanyl or an Althesin infusion. There were significant increases in plasma cortisol (p less than 0.05) from 303 to 458 mmol/litre and prolactin from 1869 to 3918 mU/litre (p less than 0.01) at the end of laparoscopy in both groups of patients; these were sustained during the first hour of the recovery period. The blood glucose concentration increased significantly (p less than 0.05) from 4.48 to 5.28 mmol/litre at the end of laparoscopy in the Althesin patients and remained increased 1 hour postoperatively at 5.54 mmol/litre (p less than 0.01). The blood glucose concentration increased significantly (p less than 0.05) from 4.43 to 5.36 mmol/litre in the fentanyl patients only during the recovery period. There was no significant difference between the metabolic and hormonal changes observed with the two anaesthetic techniques. PMID- 6211996 TI - Antibiotic management of surgically treated gangrenous or perforated appendicitis. Comparison of gentamicin and clindamycin versus cefamandole versus cefoperazone. AB - A study of 130 adult patients with surgically treated gangrenous or perforated appendicitis was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of three antibiotic regimens. Forty-eight patients received cefamandole, 40 were given the combination of clindamycin and gentamicin, and 42 were treated with cefoperazone. Side effects from these antibiotics were infrequent and mild. When all cases were compared for infectious failure, clindamycin-gentamicin showed a clear advantage over cefamandole. Because of the heterogeneity of the total study population, patients with perforation and peritonitis were compared separately. This analysis confirmed the advantage of clindamycin-gentamicin over cefamandole. In addition, it appears that clindamycin-gentamicin is more efficacious than cefoperazone. PMID- 6211998 TI - Anaesthesia in Huntington's chorea. PMID- 6211999 TI - [Influence of different preinjections on unfavourable side-effects of succinylcholine-induced block (author's transl)]. AB - Pretreatment with a subparalytic dose of a nondepolarizing relaxant is used to prevent side-effects of the succinylcholine (Sch) dose needed for intubation. On the other hand small doses of Sch (self-taming) or lignocaine are recommended to avoid in part reversal of the Sch-induced block caused by nondepolarizing relaxant. 50 patients received different preinjections before Sch-induced relaxation: 2 mg alcuronium, n = 10; 1 mg pancuronium, n = 10; 0.1 mg/kg bw Sch, n = 10; 1 mg/kg bw lignocaine, n = 10; no pretreatment, n = 10. Injection of small doses of Sch or lignocaine prior to the Sch dose needed for intubation, offered no advantage in comparison to the conventional method of pretreatment with nondepolarizing relaxant, concerning intensity and duration of the relaxation, conditions for intubation and muscle fasciculations. After preinjection of Sch or lignocaine a similar rise of serum potassium was observed as without preinjection (0.4-0.5 mEq/l). PMID- 6212000 TI - Quantitative and histochemical aspects of the differentiation of muscle spindles in the anterior latissimus dorsi of the developing chick. AB - The differentiation of muscle spindles has been investigated both quantitatively and histochemically in the slow anterior latissimus dorsi (ALD) muscle during embryonic and post-hatching development of the chick. The first spindles are detected by the 13th day in ovo, and a rapid increase in number takes place until the 15th of embryonic life. Two histochemical fibre types of intrafusal fibres are distinguished as early as the 13th day of embryonic development when myofibrillar ATPase activity is demonstrated after acid preincubation. In ALD muscle from post-hatched animals, two intrafusal fibre types are also distinguished by histochemistry: one fibre type is characterized by an acid and alkali-stable myofibrillar ATPase activity while this activity is acid-labile and alkali-stable in other type. As far as the properties of myofibrillar ATPase are concerned, such types of intrafusal fibres resemble the extrafusal beta and alpha fibre types defined recently in ALD muscle. The development of spindles in the slow-tonic ALD muscle is compared to the differentiation of spindles in the fast twitch posterior latissimus dorsi (PLD) muscle of the chick which has been previously described (Toutant et al. 1981). PMID- 6212001 TI - Unprecedented resistance to neuromuscular blocking effects of metocurine with persistence after complete recovery in a burned patient. PMID- 6212002 TI - Acute pulmonary edema during laparoscopy. PMID- 6212003 TI - An unusual adverse drug reaction to thiopental. PMID- 6212004 TI - Diphenylhydantoin-induced hepatitis. PMID- 6212005 TI - Study of T-cell subpopulations defined by monoclonal antibodies in asthmatic children with or without atopic eczema and normals. AB - The distributions of OKT4+ cells (helper/inducer T cells) and OKT8+ cells (suppressor/cytotoxic T cells) were studied in 47 house dust sensitive asthmatic children with or without atopic eczema and 26 normals. When purified T cell population was studied, the percentage of OKT4+ cells was lower in patients than that in normals before allergen challenge but this difference disappeared after antigen stimulation. In addition, the percentage of OKT4+ cells was decreased in patients with atopic eczema. In contrast, when unfractionated mononuclear cells were studied, no difference in OKT4+ cells and OKT8+ cells was found between patients and normals, irrespective of antigenic stimulation, but the OKT8+ cells were markedly increased in both normals and patients after allergen challenge. The immunopathogenic implication of decreased OKT4+ cells in allergic patients is discussed. PMID- 6212006 TI - Clinical and laboratory manifestations of toxic shock syndrome. AB - We studied 28 women and two men, with a median age of 20 years, who first had toxic shock syndrome between 1 February 1980 and 15 July 1981. Two of these patients died. All patients had intense myalgia, high fever (greater than or equal to 38.9 degrees C), hypotension or syncope, skin rash and desquamation, and abnormalities in at least three organ systems. Over half had sterile pyuria; immature granulocytic leukocytosis; coagulation abnormalities; hypocalcemia; low serum albumin and total protein concentrations; and elevations of blood urea nitrogen, alanine transaminase, bilirubin, and creatine kinase. Staphylococcus aureus was isolated from cultures from sites of soft-tissue infection in both male patients and from 13 of 19 vaginal and eight of 12 cervical cultures. All isolates produced both pyrogenic exotoxin C and enterotoxin F. All patients with a febrile, exanthematous, multisystem illness, particularly one associated with menstruation or a staphylococcal infection, should be promptly evaluated and empirically treated for toxic shock syndrome. PMID- 6212007 TI - Genetic studies on Staphylococcal strains from patients with toxic shock syndrome. AB - Thirteen isolates of Staphylococcus aureus that produce the toxic shock syndrome exotoxin were screened to identify and characterize this specific determinant and understand its role in pathogenicity. These stains belong to phage group I, are sensitive to phage 29, and are similar with respect to their resistance to cadmium, arsenate, and penicillin. These three resistances, commonly found on plasmids in many strains of S. aureus, were not plasmid-associated in 13 toxic shock strains. The cadmium and arsenate resistances were cotransferred both in transduction and in protoplast fusion; penicillin resistance was unlinked. The toxic syndrome exotoxin gene was not linked to any of these three traits. We suggest that the trait is borne by a special genetic element that acts as a heterologous chromosomal insertion and is independent of the cadmium-arsenate linkage group or the penicillinase-determinant. The genetic properties of extracellular proteins in S. aureus are reviewed as possible models for the acquisition or expression of this toxic shock antigen. PMID- 6212008 TI - Staphylococcus aureus associated with toxic shock syndrome: phage typing and toxin capability testing. AB - Phage type 29 Staphylococcus aureus was identified singly or with type 52 in 64.1% of 248 coded isolates from patients with toxic shock syndrome. These phage types also have a high capability of producing pyrogenic exotoxin C and enterotoxin F. The origin and development of these toxigenic strains were explored by studying 25,220 isolates of S. aureus stored in a staphylococcal bank between 1960 and 1979. A small percentage of phage types 29, 52 were found in 1960, but their prevalence increased between 1961 and 1970, and continued at elevated levels through 1979. The toxigenic capabilities of these phage types were apparently acquired about 1971 and increased up to 1975. High levels of prevalence persisted during the following 4 years, and receded in 1980 and 1981. Other evidence during 1980 and 1981 indicates that these strains of S. aureus have become an important pathogen in surgical wounds, burns, and other infections. PMID- 6212009 TI - Staphylococci associated with toxic shock syndrome in the United Kingdom. AB - Only 15 cases of menstrual toxic shock syndrome were reported in the United Kingdom by 31 October 1981. The women affected used tampons of various brands. Staphylococcus aureus was isolated from the vaginas of 12 women. Two distinct strains were isolated from three women. Most strains were phage group I or nontypable strains related to them and were resistant only to penicillin, cadmium, and arsenate. Enterotoxin F was produced by strains from 10 of 12 patients and by 20% to 30% of strains from other sources--including healthy people. Its production was particularly common among control phage group I vaginal isolates. The reason for the rarity of toxic shock syndrome in the United Kingdom as compared to the United States is still unknown. There does not seem to be a low prevalence of toxigenic strains, but factors such as immunity to toxin and a difference in tampon use may be important and need further study. PMID- 6212010 TI - Serum cortisol levels in Cushing's syndrome after low- and high-dose dexamethasone suppression. AB - To standardize the cutoff points of serum cortisol values in the evaluation of Cushing's syndrome during a low- and high-dose dexamethasone suppression test, daily serum cortisol measurements (0800 hours and 1600 hours) and urinary 17 hydroxycorticosteroids were compared (Study A). Forty-seven subjects were studied (11 normal subjects, 15 patients with Cushing's disease, five patients with adrenal adenoma, and 16 subjects with suspected Cushing's syndrome). A serum cortisol measurement at 1600 hours of more than 5 micrograms/dL on low-dose dexamethasone suppression and more than 10 micrograms/dL on high-dose dexamethasone were ascertained to be nonsuppressed values. A baseline dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate value less than 0.4 microgram/mL indicated patients with an adrenocorticol adenoma. Study B was a prospective study of 17 patients in which no urine samples were collected. Serum cortisol levels, obtained in 1600 hours on the second day of low- and high-dose dexamethasone, accurately allowed a differential diagnosis of suspected Cushing's syndrome. Serum cortisol measurements can replace the urinary 17-hydroxycorticoid measurements in a cost-effective manner without a decrease in the degree of accuracy. PMID- 6212011 TI - Clavicular hyperostosis with enthesopathy, hypergammaglobulinemia, and thoracic outlet syndrome. PMID- 6212012 TI - Anaerobiospirillum bacteremia. PMID- 6212013 TI - Injury versus hydrostatic lung edema: detection by chest x-ray. PMID- 6212014 TI - Two types of microbodies in Neurospora crassa. PMID- 6212016 TI - SAA suppression of in vitro antibody response. PMID- 6212015 TI - Biosynthesis of glyoxysomal enzymes in Neurospora crassa. PMID- 6212017 TI - A regulatory pathway for fibrinogen biosynthesis involving an indirect feedback loop. PMID- 6212018 TI - [Theoretic and experimental study of abdominal distensibility (author's transl)]. PMID- 6212019 TI - Treatment of vaginal carcinoma with laser photoirradiation following administration of haematoporphyrin derivative. Report of a case. AB - Laser photoirradiation therapy following the administration of haematoporphyrin derivative (HpD) was performed in a case of primary vaginal carcinoma (stage I) using red light from an argon laser source. The vaginal tumor was destroyed and disappeared completely. No recurrence has been observed during a one-year follow up. The findings suggest that HpD and laser photoradiation therapy may be effective in the treatment of early vaginal carcinoma. PMID- 6212020 TI - Keratan and herparan sulfaturia: glucosamine-6-sulfate deficiency. AB - The pattern of excretion of urinary acid mucopolysaccharides (AMPS) has been helpful to establish the diagnosis of mucopolysaccharidoses. The importance of urine analysis for AMPS and the specific enzyme assays is exemplified in a 3 1/2 year old Caucasian male with severe mental retardation, small stature, thoracolumbar kyphosis, and dysostosis multiplex. Urine analysis for AMPS revealed excessive quantities of keratan and heparan sulfate. This mucopolysacchariduria was not associated with hepatosplenomegaly or corneal clouding. Enzymic studies on cultured skin fibroblasts indicated deficiency of N acetylglucosamine-6-sulfate sulfatase. This enzyme deficiency is different from that responsible for Morquio's syndrome, and early recognition is essential for proper counseling. PMID- 6212021 TI - Role of macrophages in the transmission of dengue virus-induced suppressor signal to a subpopulation of T lymphocytes. AB - In dengue type 2 virus (DV)-infected mice, the virus-specific immunosuppression is mediated by a two-step mechanism: (1) induction of T suppressor cells (Ts1) by by virus to produce a suppressor factor (SF) which (2) stimulates another subpopulation of T cells (Ts2) to produce prostaglandin which finally mediates suppression. SF suppresses DV-specific IgM plaque-forming cells (PFC) in the spleen cells sensitized in vivo or in vitro, as detected by Jerne's haemolytic plaque technique. The present study enabled us to investigate the role of an intermediary cell in transmission of the suppressor signal from Ts1 to Ts2. It was observed that SF was adsorbed on the surface of peritoneal macrophages. Live macrophages adsorbed SF, retrieved it from that adsorbed on heat-killed macrophages and presented it to the target cells. Heat-killed macrophages adsorbed SF to the same extent as live ones, but could present it to the target cells by themselves. The target cells of SF were unprimed splenic T lymphocytes. SF suppressed DV-specific PFC in syngeneic spleen cells and was adsorbed on syngeneic macrophages, but not on those from allogenic animals. The findings described here show that the presence of live macrophages is obligatory for transmission of the suppressor signal to the target Ts2. PMID- 6212022 TI - A simple fluorimetric microassay for DNA in hair follicles or fractions of hair follicles. AB - Human hair follicles may be useful for determining individual differences in the metabolism of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in epithelial tissues. for quantitative measurements of carcinogen metabolism, determination of the amount of DNA in the hair follicles is necessary in order to correct for individual size variation. A simple method for DNa determination in hair follicles is described, based on the use of a hypotonic pronase solution to solubilise DNA which is then available for complex formation with mithramycin or 4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole. 2HCI (DAPI). The mithramycin method permits the measurement of DNA in a small number of hair follicles, while the DAPI method is sensitive for as little as one single bulb. PMID- 6212023 TI - Endogenous fluorescence of coupling factor 1 from spinach chloroplasts. PMID- 6212024 TI - Mitochondrial ATPase inactivation by interaction with its substrate. PMID- 6212025 TI - An in vivo function of glucagon-induced phenylalanine: pyruvate transaminase in p chlorophenylalanine-treated rats. PMID- 6212027 TI - Comedogenicity of sunscreens. Experimental observations in rabbits. AB - Fourteen of 29 proprietary sunscreen formulations, including suntan promoters, were found to be comedogenic when applied to the external ear canal of albino rabbits. Ultraviolet exposures enhanced the comedogenic effect. The vehicles, rather than the UV-absorbing compounds, seemed to be responsible. accordingly, sunscreen acne may be a subtype of acne cosmetica. A sampling of UV absorbers showed these agents to be noncomedogenic. PMID- 6212026 TI - Antibodies directed toward human erythrocyte Ca2+-ATPase: effect on enzyme function and immunoreactivity of Ca2+-ATPases from other sources. PMID- 6212028 TI - Contact dermatitis from cyanide plating solutions. AB - Two cases of contact dermatitis from electroplating solutions were attributed to irritation from cyanide salts. Both demonstrated similar clinical features. In neither could concomitant contact allergy to other constituents of the plating solutions be demonstrated. In one case, irritation could not be attributed to the alkalinity of the plating solution. Contact dermatitis from cyanide plating solutions may be associated with systemic symptoms, since cyanide is rapidly absorbed through the skin. Poor handling and hygiene techniques in the workplace should be corrected immediately. PMID- 6212029 TI - Studies on bone marrow and red cell enzymes (cholinesterase and ATPase) in Indian kala-azar. PMID- 6212030 TI - Endemic dracontiasis in Anambra State of Nigeria: geographical distribution, clinical features, epidemiology and socio-economic impact of the disease. PMID- 6212031 TI - Percutaneous transluminal renal angioplasty: the evolution of a procedure. PMID- 6212032 TI - Roentgenograms in primary care patients with acute low back pain: a cost effectiveness analysis. AB - For patients visiting a primary care office practice for acute low back pain, we compared the benefits, risks, and costs of obtaining a roentgenogram of the lumbar spine routinely at the initial visit with performing a roentgenogram only if the patient's pain does not improve during and eight-week follow-up period. The cost-effectiveness analysis indicated that, to avert one day of physical suffering in a population of patients, the population would have to be subjected to the additional risk of 3,188 mrad of radiation and an additional cost of $2,072. While, in the individual case, circumstances might lead to a different conclusion, in general, the risks and costs of obtaining lumbar roentgenograms at the initial visit in patients with acute low back pain do not seem to justify the relatively small associated benefit. PMID- 6212033 TI - ECG poor R-wave progression: review and synthesis. AB - Poor R-wave progression is a common ECG finding that is often inconclusively interpreted as suggestive, but not diagnostic, of anterior myocardial infarction (AMI). Recent studies have shown that poor R-wave progression has the following four distinct major causes: AMI, left ventricular hypertrophy, right ventricular hypertrophy, and a variant of normal with diminished anterior forces. Standard ECG criteria that identify and distinguish these causes have been developed. An interpretive approach to the ECG with poor R-wave progression is presented that has clinical relevance in the daily treatment of patients. PMID- 6212034 TI - Serious adverse reactions associated with sulindac. AB - Sulindac is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent that has been associated with serious adverse reactions. We saw four patients with reactions associated with sulindac. Our patients, one of whom died, had high temperatures and involvement of one or more organs, including the skin, liver, CNS, lymph nodes, bone marrow, and lungs. Eight similar previously reported cases also are summarized. In view of these cases of sulindac-induced toxicity, six of which were proved unequivocally by drug rechallenge, we suggest that physicians be cautious in prescribing this agent. PMID- 6212035 TI - Piperacillin and gentamicin v carbenicillin and gentamicin for treatment of serious gram-negative infections. AB - Piperacillin sodium, a new penicillin with remarkable in vitro activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and other Gram-negative bacilli, and gentamicin sulfate were compared with carbenicillin disodium and gentamicin in a prospective, randomized, double-blind comparison for treating serious Gram-negative infections. Of the 32 patients whose courses were "evaluable" for efficacy, 12 of 14 who received piperacillin and gentamicin and 13 of 18 who received carbenicillin and gentamicin had favorable outcomes. Of the 99 patients whose courses were evaluable for toxicity, nine of 51 recipients of piperacillin and gentamicin and 15 of 48 recipients of carbenicillin and gentamicin suffered clinical reactions possibly, probably, or definitely related to the penicillin. No statistically significant differences were found in the two groups in the frequencies of biochemical abnormalities, including hypokalemia, that occurred in 19 or 44 recipients of piperacillin and gentamicin and 16 of 45 recipients of carbenicillin and gentamicin. Thus, this study did not prove differences in efficacy of toxicity for piperacillin and gentamicin plus carbenicillin and gentamicin for serious Gram-negative infections. PMID- 6212036 TI - [Effects of changes in temperature on behavior and on some enzyme activities in Semisalsa aponensis and Bithynia tentaculata (Mollusca, Gastropoda)]. PMID- 6212037 TI - [Left ventricular apical ectasia and rheumatic cardiopathy]. PMID- 6212038 TI - [Mezlocillin in the treatment of acute bronchopneumopathies caused by gram negative organisms]. PMID- 6212039 TI - [Propionic acid preservation of corn following inoculation with molds and yeasts]. AB - In laboratory tests spores of 7 Fusarium species, 6 yeast species, and of the molds Paecilomyces varioti and Trichoderma viride were inoculated into propionic acid treated corn. The initial moisture content of the corn was adjusted to 19, 25, 32, and 40%, the propionic acid dosages being 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, and 1.0% respectively. By these treatments the growth of the inoculated fungi was inhibited for a storage of a least 6 months at 20 degrees C. The inhibition of growth was indicated by the decrease of viable mold count, the percentage of surface-sterilized kernels infected with fungi being 0% after 6 months. In addition, by the propionic acid treatment the production of zearalenone by two strains of Fus. culmorum and three strains of Fus. graminearum, and the production of T-2 toxin by two strains of Fus. tricinctum and one strain of Fus. sporotrichioides was inhibited. These results were obtained during an incubation period of 1-4 months using a temperature shift (20 and 10 degrees C). The propionic-acid dosage sufficient for the inhibition of the inoculated fungi was lower than that recommended in the literature for large-scale treatment of corn. PMID- 6212040 TI - Histochemical fibre composition of the human digastric muscle. AB - The histochemical muscle-fibre composition of the anterior and posterior belly of the human digastric muscle was analysed in young male adults. Both bellies, of differing embryological origin and supplied by different cranial nerves, showed a fibre composition similar to that of normal limb and trunk muscles. Type I, type IIA and type IIB fibres each occupied about one-third of the total fibre population and were evenly distributed in a mosaic pattern. About 1 per cent of fibres were type IIC and ATPase (pH 9.4) intermediate fibres. Thus, there were major differences between the anterior belly of digastric and the likewise trigeminal nerve innervated masticatory muscles with respect to both histochemical profile and size and distribution of various types of fibre. The observations suggest that the fibre pattern of the digastric is not primarily related to its specific nervous supply but its special functional demands. The predominance of type II fibres indicates a capacity for fast acceleration and speed in mandibular movements. The disparity in fibre-type profile between the digastric and the jaw elevator muscles might be related to changing demands during evolution. Civilized diets need no heavy mastication and, while the requirements upon the jaw elevators have thus changed, the functional demands on the jaw openers would have remained unchanged. PMID- 6212041 TI - Vitreous fluorophotometry in the alloxan- and streptozocin-treated rat. AB - Since serum fluorescein levels are altered in various experimental states, we examined the relationship between serum and vitreous fluorescein levels. We also injected streptozocin, alloxan, and alloxan with glucose pretreatment do determine whether alterations in the blood-retinal barrier are directly attributable to drug toxicity. When corrected for serum levels, one- and two-hour vitreous fluorescein levels increased above prediabetic values two days after streptozocin or alloxan administration; two-hour readings were higher. Rats treated with alloxan plus glucose did not become diabetic or show elevated vitreous fluorescein levels. Insulin treatment of alloxan-induced diabetic rats resulted in normal vitreous readings without normoglycemia. These results suggest that vitreous readings should be corrected for serum levels and that observations at two hours could be more sensitive than at one hour. Furthermore, the observed alterations in blood-retinal barrier function are not attributed to drug toxicity. PMID- 6212042 TI - Moxalactam therapy. Its use in chronic suppurative otitis media and malignant external otitis. AB - Moxalactam disodium is a new broad-spectrum antibiotic structurally related to the cephalosporins. Eleven patients with chronic suppurative otitis media with mastoiditis and four patients with malignant external otitis were treated with moxalactam. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was isolated from external ear or mastoid in all patients. Twelve of 15 patients had undergone prior surgical procedures and 11 of 15 had failed recent antibiotic therapy. Three patients with malignant external otitis did not respond to parenteral carboxypenicillin and aminoglycoside therapy. Success rate for chronic suppurative otitis media was 73% as judged by eradication of P aeruginosa and resolution of symptoms 30 days after moxalactam therapy. Two patients with malignant external otitis were cured, and two were unevaluable since they may have died of noninfectious causes. Moxalactam disodium, at a dosage of 9 g/day, may be useful for serious Pseudomonas ear infections, including those refractory to other antibiotic therapy. PMID- 6212043 TI - Percutaneous angioplasty in the management of renovascular hypertension. PMID- 6212044 TI - Suppressor cell function in mesangial IGA nephritis. PMID- 6212046 TI - What Phoenix means to me. PMID- 6212045 TI - Onychomycosis caused by Scopulariopsis brevicaulis. PMID- 6212047 TI - A rapid method for preparing avian tracheal rings for organ culture. AB - A simple, rapid method for preparing rings from chicken tracheas is described. Using a polyacrylamide disc gel slicer, up to 100 uniform tracheal rings were obtained from two tracheas with a single cut and without injury to the ciliated tracheal epithelium. The responses of rings cut with a disc gel slicer and those cut conventionally with a scalpel blade were compared by virus titration, virus neutralization, and viability of uninfected 18-day-old-chick embryo rings over a nine-day incubation period. Rings cut with a disc gel slicer did not differ significantly from those cut conventionally with respect to virus titer, neutralization indices, or viability. A disc gel slicer expedites the preparation of functional rings and offers an alternative to the present method of cutting tracheal rings with a scalpel blade. PMID- 6212048 TI - Alterations of mechanical parameters in chemically skinned preparations of rat myocardium as a function of isoenzyme pattern of myosin. AB - Myofibrillar ATPase activity, maximum unloaded shortening velocity, and isometric tension development were evaluated in left ventricular preparations of 5-week-old rats with a high endogeneous level of thyroid hormones and hypothyroid rats after 4-week treatment with propylthiouracil (PTU). The range of possible alterations of the above functional parameters was defined in relation to myosin isoenzyme distribution. The mechanical behaviour of the ventricular preparations was investigated in native myocardium as well as in the glycerinated state. The essential results of the present study is that alterations of myofibrillar ATPase activity and mechanical Vmax, evaluated in glycerinated preparations, are limited to a well-defined range of similar magnitude for both functional parameters: 32 40% of maximum values (obtained from rat myocardium with homogeneous myosin V1). Isometric tension was only insignificantly decreased in glycerinated preparations of the PTU-treated group. The alteration in the apparent maximum shortening velocity of native myocardium (V0) was of the same magnitude as changes in Vmax of chemically skinned preparations. Physical training revealed a shift in the direction of V1-type myosin with increased ATPase activity and shortening velocity; aging and pressure overload showed an opposite effect. The documented mechanical alterations do not contradict an adaptational interpretation of the myosin isoenzyme redistribution in pressure-induced hypertrophy. PMID- 6212049 TI - [Width of the cervical canal in patients with cervical vertebral pain syndromes of degenerative origin]. PMID- 6212050 TI - Regulation of rRNA synthesis and processing in animal cells. Effect of nucleoside analogues. AB - The nucleoside analogues fluorouridine and fluorodeoxyuridine (both at 100 muM) and 8-azaguanine (at 500 muM) inhibit both rRNA transcription and processing in Ehrlich ascites cells. In BHK21 cells fluorodeoxyuridine has no effect on either rRNA maturation or transcription, whereas toyocamycin (at 2 microM) inhibits both processes in BHK21 cells and Ehrlich ascites cells. The drugs inhibit transcription in cells incubated in the complete medium, but have no effect on the decreased transcription in cells incubated in a medium without amino acids. This lack of effect cannot be explained by an altered uptake of the drugs in the amino acid-starved cells, since maturation of the rRNA precursor is affected in cells incubated in media with or without amino acids. The effect of the drugs on rRNA transcription is not the consequence of the inhibition of protein synthesis. The results lend support to the proposal that rRNA processing and transcription are co-ordinately controlled in cells with a high rate of rRNA synthesis. PMID- 6212051 TI - The mitochondrial adenosine triphosphatase of Acanthamoeba castellanii. Oscillatory accumulation of enzyme activity, enzyme protein and F1-inhibitor during the cell cycle. AB - 1. The mitochondrial ATPase of Acanthamoeba castellanii accumulated discontinuously in synchronous cultures prepared by a minimally perturbing size selection technique. 2. Enzyme activity per ml of culture doubled overall during one cell cycle time of 8 h, but oscillated to give seven maxima during this period. Similar oscillations were observed in the specific activities of ATPase and of the naturally occurring inhibitor protein. 3. These variations in enzyme activity reflected changes in amount of enzyme protein as assayed by an immunological technique. 4. Large variations in I50 values (micrograms of inhibitor/mg of protein necessary for 50% inhibition of inhibitor-sensitive activity) for inhibition of ATPase activity by seven different inhibitors of energy conservation were observed. Activity was more sensitive to inhibition by oligomycin, efrapeptin, citreoviridin and quercetin when values were highest. 5. The results are discussed in relation to the phased organization of biosynthesis and degradation of cellular components known to occur during the cell cycle of this organization. PMID- 6212052 TI - Rapid modulation of adipocyte phosphofructokinase activity by noradrenaline and insulin. AB - 1. Alterations in phosphofructokinase properties can be reproducibly seen in tissue extracts prepared and rapidly assayed after exposure of rat adipocytes to hormones. 2. Noradrenaline, corticotropin or isoprenaline (isoproterenol; beta adrenergic agonist) decreased the activity measured with high fructose 6 phosphate concentrations (3--6 mM), but increased activity measured with lower concentrations of this substrate (0.3--0.9 mM). Noradrenaline decreased the Vmax. and the concentration of fructose 6-phosphate that gave half the Vmax.. 3. Insulin opposed the actions of noradrenaline and itself increased phosphofructokinase activity. 4. The effect of noradrenaline appeared to be exerted through a beta- rather than an alpha-type of adrenoceptor. 5. The effects of noradrenaline to decrease phosphofructokinase activity at high [fructose 6 phosphate] and to increase activity at low [fructose 6-phosphate] could be rapidly reversed in cells by addition of the beta-blocker propranolol. 6. The effect of noradrenaline seen at low [fructose 6-phosphate] could be abolished by homogenization of cells in buffer containing albumin or reversed by brief incubation of tissue extracts with albumin, suggesting that this effect of the hormone is due to the association of some ligand with the enzyme. PMID- 6212053 TI - The structure of the fungal siderophore, isotriornicin. PMID- 6212055 TI - Further evidence for the proton pumping work of tonoplast ATPase from Hevea latex vacuome. PMID- 6212054 TI - Phospholamban: dissociation of the 22,000 molecular weight protein of cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum into 11,000 and 5,500 molecular weight forms. PMID- 6212056 TI - An effect of diet on the activity of phosphofructokinase in rat heart. PMID- 6212057 TI - Rete testis fluid contains a growth factor for cultured fibroblasts. PMID- 6212058 TI - Deficiency of UDP-N-acetylglucosamine:lysosomal enzyme N-acetylglucosamine-1 phosphotransferase in organs of I-cell patients. PMID- 6212059 TI - A carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance relaxation time study of streptozotocin deoxyguanosine-5'-monophosphate-deoxycytidine-5'-monophosphate interactions. PMID- 6212060 TI - Cardiac myosin subfragment 1 modification by carbodiimide in the presence of a nucleophile. PMID- 6212061 TI - Activation of the plastid isozyme of phosphofructokinase from developing endosperm of Ricinus communis by fructose 2,6-bisphosphate. PMID- 6212062 TI - Role of zinc as an activator of mitochondrial function in rat liver. AB - The effects of zinc on the enzymes of hepatic mitochondria were investigated in rats that had been given zinc sulfate (10 mg Zn2+/100 g body wt) p.o. Administration of zinc caused a marked elevation of succinate dehydrogenase, glutamate dehydrogenase, cytochrome c oxidase and ATPase activities, whereas it did not cause significant changes in pyruvate carboxylase, malate dehydrogenase and isocitrate dehydrogenase activities. The effect of zinc as a function of time was greatest on succinate dehydrogenase. Zinc also produced a marked elevation of ATP concentration in the hepatic cytosol and a corresponding increase in ATPase activity in the hepatic mitochondria. Zinc content of the inner membrane of mitochondria was raised significantly by administration of zinc. The removal of zinc by washing in 10 mM EDTA caused a significant decrease of the increased succinate dehydrogenase activity caused by administration of zinc, while it did not lower ATPase activity. The addition of zinc in amounts of 10-10(3) ng Zn2+ per mg protein produced a significant increase in succinate dehydrogenase activity in the inner membrane of mitochondria, whereas ATPase activity was elevated significantly at 10(3)-10(4) ng Zn2+ per mg protein, indicating that zinc activated succinate dehydrogenase more sensitively than ATPase. The present investigation suggests that zinc taken up by hepatic mitochondria stimulates the electron transport system and oxidative phosphorylation and, as a result, increases the ATP concentration in the hepatic cytosol. PMID- 6212063 TI - [The "Bulletin of the Pan American Health Organization" at 60 years of age]. PMID- 6212064 TI - [Infant mortality in Cuba in the 1970-1979 decade]. PMID- 6212066 TI - [Boletin panamericano de sanidad de la Oficina sanitaria internacional]. PMID- 6212065 TI - [Public administration in the health sector for the decade 1980-1990. III. Profession or academic discipline]. PMID- 6212067 TI - [Endocarditis caused by Pseudomonas]. PMID- 6212068 TI - [Course of hypertension and the potentials for regression]. PMID- 6212069 TI - [Long-term observations of hypertension patients with asymmetrical hypertrophy of the interventricular septum]. AB - Among 1048 patients with essential hypertension undergoing echocardiographic investigation during 1974-1980, 51 patients (4.9%) were found to have asymmetric hypertrophy of the interventricular septum. Eleven of those patients underwent a repeated echocardiography 3-5 years later. Asymmetric disproportionate hypertrophy of the interventricular septum in patients with essential hypertension was found to be one of the variants of concentric hypertrophy formation, and in a few cases--a sign of the development of idiopathic hypertrophic subaortal stenosis in arterial hypertension. PMID- 6212070 TI - [Hemodynamic mechanism of the hypotensive action of diuretics and their effect on myocardial hypertrophy in the process of long-term treatment of hypertension]. AB - During 12-week hydrochlorothiazide treatment 16 men suffering from uncomplicated essential hypertension were examined. Hemodynamic parameters were controlled by means of echocardiography. The volume of the circulating plasma was determined by the dye dilution method. There was noted a significant decrease of systolic, diastolic, and the mean BP. During the first days of treatment there was observed a significant reduction of left ventricular end-diastolic and stroke volumes (EDV and SV) as well as minute volume (MV). Heart rate and indices of myocardial pump function did not change. On the 12th week of treatment there was noted a significant increase of EDV, SV, and MV, and total peripheral vascular resistance decreased as compared with the initial level. In 9 (56%) out of 16 patients 15.6 g decrease was observed in left ventricular myocardial mass (LVMM) on the average for the group during the 12th week of treatment. The decrease in LVMM was preceded by the decrease in the maximum intracardiac tension on the 3rd week of treatment which, probably, may serve a prognostic criterion of changes in LVMM in the prolonged treatment with diuretics. PMID- 6212071 TI - [Structural and functional changes in the resistant vessels and their hemodynamic significance in hypertension]. PMID- 6212073 TI - Clinical use of dental electroanalgesia. PMID- 6212072 TI - A comparative study between a chemically polymerised fissure sealant resin and a light cured resin. PMID- 6212074 TI - Estimation of biliary excretion of ureidopenicillins in healthy volunteers using marker dilution technique. AB - 1 Aspiration of duodenal fluid and estimation of recovery by a marker dilution technique was adapted to measure the biliary excretion of two chemically related ureidopenicillins, mezlocillin and azlocillin, in healthy volunteers. 2 The drug was infused intravenously at a constant rate over a period of 6 h during which duodenal fluid was aspirated through the distal opening of a triple-lumen polyvinyl tube. 3 Drug levels in plasma, urine and duodenal fluid were determined by h.p.l.c. 4 Biliary excretion rate was calculated by multiplying the concentration in the duodenal fluid by the dilution factor resulting from the dilution of marker substance infused through the proximal opening of the triple lumen tube. 5 Since the results obtained by the marker dilution technique are comparable to data obtained by studies in patients with t-tube drainage following biliary surgery, it can be concluded that the method is useful to measure the biliary excretion of drugs in man. PMID- 6212075 TI - Nitrosourea-misonidazole combination chemotherapy: effect on KHT sarcomas, marrow stem cells and gut. AB - C3H/HeJ mice bearing i.m. transplanted KHT sarcomas were treated with varying doses of either 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU) or 2-[3-(2 chloroethyl)-3-nitrosoureido]-D-glucopyranose (chlorozotocin; CHLZ) as single agents or in combination with 1 mg/g of the chemical radiosensitizer, misonidazole (MISO). Using an in vivo-in vitro tumour-excision assay, the administration of MISO simultaneously with or 3 h after low doses of BCNU (less than 20 mg/kg) was found to give a dose-modification factor (DMF) of approximately 1.65 relative to BCNU alone. At higher doses of BCNU, there was less enhancement of cell kill. The DMF for tumour growth delay was likewise dependent on BCNU dose, continuously decreasing with increasing BCNU dose. In contrast, the anti-tumour activity of CHLZ, assessed by both clonogenic cell survival and tumour-growth delay, was not significantly enhanced by the addition of MISO. The enhancement of gastrointestinal toxicity and haematotoxicity by BCNU MISO combinations was assessed by LD50/7 and CFU-S assays, respectively. MISO enhanced BCNU marrow toxicity by a factor of 1.2-1.3, whilst gut toxicity was enhanced by a factor of approximately 1.2. PMID- 6212076 TI - Medicinal arsenic and internal malignancies. AB - A mortality analysis has been carried out on a cohort of patients given Fowler's solution (potassium arsenite) for periods ranging from 2 weeks to 12 years between 1945 and 1969. An excess of fatal and non-fatal skin cancer was apparent, but there was no overall excess mortality from cancer. Further analyses by site of cancer, dose level, and time from first exposure are also presented. A subset of patients were examined in 1969-70 for the presence of arsenical keratoses, hyperpigmentation and skin cancer. About half the patients had one or more of these signs. Although the cancer mortality of this entire subgroup was similar to the expected value, all the cancer deaths occurred in patients with prior signs of arsenicism. These data suggest that while any excess of internal malignancy due to the use of Fowler's solution is small or non-existent, there may be a susceptible subgroup which can be identified from dermatological manifestations. PMID- 6212078 TI - Positive regulation of activation of plasminogen by urokinase: differences in Km for (glutamic acid)-plasminogen and lysine-plasminogen and effect of certain alpha, omega-amino acids. PMID- 6212077 TI - Pathogenesis of cardiac hypertrophy in iron deficiency anaemia: the role of noradrenaline. AB - This study examined the effect of long-term administration of reserpine, an adrenergic blocking agent, on cardiac hypertrophy in animals with severe iron deficiency anaemia. This condition was induced by feeding rats on an iron deficient diet for 30 days from the time of weaning. Anaemia was indicated by lowering of blood haemoglobin levels. Reserpine was administered i.p. (0.15 mg/kg body wt) every day during the experiment. Marked cardiac hypertrophy, as indicated by increase heart weight and increased size of cardiac muscle cells, was evidenced in iron-deficient rats, while the heart weights and myocardial cell size of drug-treated anaemic rats were in the normal range. The successful prevention of cardiac hypertrophy in anaemic iron-deficient rats by reserpine administration supports the hypothesis that noradrenaline plays a key role in the cardiac-hypertrophy process in iron deficiency anaemia. PMID- 6212079 TI - Phosphorylation of the receptor of immunoglobulin E. AB - Specific immune precipitation of immunoglobulin E(IgE)-receptor complexes from detergent extracts of 32P-labeled rat basophilic leukemia cells yielded a phosphoprotein of Mr approximately 35,000 on gel electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate. This phosphoprotein was shown by several criteria to be the beta chain of the receptor for IgE. Phosphorylation occurs at a serine residue (or residues) in a region (beta 2) of the beta chain that is thought to be exposed on the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane. Our results suggest that phosphorylation probably takes place after the insertion of the beta chain into the membrane. The IgE-binding alpha chain of the receptor and the IgE associated with it are not phosphorylated. We have so far been unable to detect any changes in the state of phosphorylation of either chain of the receptor or of IgE itself after IgE-mediated triggering of the cells. PMID- 6212080 TI - Proton-transporting urinary epithelia. Reactivity with N,N' dicyclohexylcarbodiimide. PMID- 6212081 TI - ATP-dependent phosphate transport in sarcoplasmic reticulum and reconstituted proteoliposomes. AB - During uptake of Ca2+ by rabbit sarcoplasmic reticulum, about 1 mumol of 32Pi was taken up per mumol 45Ca2+ transported. The uptake of Pi was dependent on external Ca2+, Mg2+ and ATP. Intravesicular Ca2+ did not substitute for external Ca2+. In contrast to the accumulation of Ca2+ which was abolished by the ionophore A23187, the uptake of Pi continued to take place provided sufficient Ca2+ was present in the medium. Thus, a Ca2+ gradient did not seem to be required. Similar observations were made with proteoliposomes reconstituted with membrane preparations of sarcoplasmic reticulum and soybean phospholipids. However, when purified Ca2+ -ATPase was used for reconstitution, there was ATP-dependent Ca2+ uptake but no ATP-dependent Pi transport was observed. These data show that the mechanism of Pi transport cannot be a passive movement in response to a Ca2+ gradient but appears to be catalyzed by a specific protein, which is inactivated during purification of the Ca2+ -ATPase. A protein that catalyzes Pi transport in reconstituted vesicles has been solubilized by extraction of sarcoplasmic reticulum with sodium cholate. PMID- 6212082 TI - Low-temperature studies of the sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium pump. Mechanisms of calcium binding. AB - The mechanism of the sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase was investigated at low temperatures (0 to -12 degrees C). Transient states of the enzyme were studied by two complementary techniques: intrinsic protein fluorescence and rapid filtration on Millipore filters. Intrinsic fluorescence was used to distinguish conformational states of the protein and to evaluate the rate of conversion between these states. Filtrations were used to measure the evolution of the active sites during the transition; the time resolution was 2-5 s. At sub-zero temperatures this time is shorter than the lifetime of most of the enzymatic states which have been detected. In this paper the mechanism of Ca2+ binding to the protein is investigated in the absence of nucleotides. Two basic experiments are described; (1) Kinetics of calcium binding and dissociation over a wide range of calcium concentration. (2) Kinetics of calcium exchange (45Ca2+ in equilibrium 40Ca2+) at constant concentration. The results obtained in the first series of experiments are consistent with a sequential binding to two interacting Ca2+ binding sites. Calcium ions have very fast access to a site with low apparent affinity (Kd approximately 25 microM). Occupation of this site induces a slow conformational change which increased its apparent affinity and reveals a second site of high apparent affinity. At equilibrium the two sites are not equivalent in terms of rate of exchange. Two different rates were detected k fast greater than 0.2 s-1, k slow approximately 0.015 s-1 at -10 degrees C. Removal of Ca2+ from the fast exchanging site by addition of EGTA accelerates the rate of release of the slow exchanging one. A model is proposed with two interacting Ca2+-binding sites. A set of parameters has been obtained which produces correctly the Ca2+ binding curve and the fluorescence level at equilibrium as well as the rate constants of the calcium-induced fluorescence changes over a very wide range of Ca2+ concentrations (0.02 to 150 microM). The non-equivalence of the two classes of site and the meaning of the initial low-affinity binding are discussed. PMID- 6212083 TI - Endogenous protease mediated manifestations of a Ca2+-stimulated ATPase in purified dog gastric microsomes. AB - An endogenous soluble protease has been demonstrated to unmask a Ca2+-stimulated ATPase activity in purified dog gastric microsomes. The presence of ATP during protease treatment appears essential for the manifestation of the gastric Ca2+ stimulated ATPase activity. The endogenous protease appears to have trypsin-like activity, since soybean trypsin inhibitor completely blocks the protease effect. Manifestation of the Ca2+-stimulated ATPase occurs without affecting the microsomal (H+ + K+)-ATPase activity and associated H+ uptake ability. The unmasked Ca2+-stimulated ATPase appears insensitive to calmodulin. Possible roles of the enzyme in the regulation of gastric H+ transport have been discussed. PMID- 6212084 TI - Selective stimulation of sulfated glycosaminoglycan synthesis by multiplication stimulating activity, cartilage-derived factor and bone-derived growth factor. Comparison of their actions on cultured chondrocytes with those of fibroblast growth factor and Rhodamine fibrosarcoma-derived growth factor. PMID- 6212085 TI - [Acridine orange inhibition of the ATPase activity of myosin and its fragments]. AB - The cation dye acridine orange (AO) was shown to inhibit ATPase activity of myosin, DTNB-myosin and heavy meromyosin and not to influence that of EDTA-S-1 at low ionic force. The inhibiting effect is concerned with the presence of KCl in solution. The allosteric influence of AO on myosin ATPase activity is discussed and dependence of this effect on charge distribution on the surface of the protein molecule is considered. PMID- 6212086 TI - [Specific action of monovalent cations on myosin HMM-S-1 ATPase activity]. PMID- 6212088 TI - An ecological-agrochemical evaluation and prognosis of pesticide aftereffects (in the case of Ukrainian and Moldavian SSRS). AB - From the total number of pesticides applied in the USSR, 18 are classified as being particularly dangerous compounds. Taking into account the self-purifying ability of the regional soils, arbitrary doses of these pesticides have been calculated for the administrative units of the Ukrainian SSR, the Moldavian SSR, and the water basin territories of the principal rivers in the region. This index is of greatest significance for arable and long-cultivated regions of the Crimea, Odessa, Kiev, Kherson, and Volynskiy, and for the Moldavian water basin territories of the Prut, the Dniester, and the Southern Bug. PMID- 6212089 TI - Direct visualization of diffusion convection phenomena at liquid solid interfaces by the use of a chemiluminescent enzymatic immobilized system. AB - A new method is developed for direct visualization of the local mass transfer at solid liquid interfaces. Peroxidase is immobilized by entrapment in a polyacrylamide gel coating the interior surface of a glass tube. The reaction of oxidation of luminol by H2O2 catalyzed by this enzyme involves light emission. Furthermore at low H2O2 concentration (less than or equal to 5. x 10(-5) M), this reaction is controlled by the diffusion of H2O2 from the bulk flow to the wall, as evidenced by the Re1/3 dependence of the light flux V measured in the laminar case. It is possible in these conditions to directly relate V as measured at each point of the wall, to the local properties of the flow : (i) a decrease of V is always observed when moving downstream from the input of the tube, but it is much more pronounced for laminar flows than for turbulent ones, as theoretically expected; (ii) the sensitivity of the method has been tested for evaluating the diffusion convection phenomena at the wall downstream from a stenosis. Furthermore the local hydrodynamic properties have been characterized by measuring through pulsed Doppler velocimetry the velocity of the moving liquid phase as a function of the position in the flow. The data obtained show the presence of a maximum of V in the vicinity of the reattachment point of the liquid streamlines at the wall. This constitutes the first experimental confirmation of calculations on diffusion convection phenomena downstream from stenoses. These first experiments show one the ability of the method to detect the local properties of the parietal mass transfer phenomena, as a function of the geometry of the wall and the hydrodynamic characteristics of the flow. PMID- 6212090 TI - The shear rate at the wall in a symmetrically branched tube simulating the aortic bifurcation. AB - The purpose of this study was to determine the shear rate at the wall in a symmetrically branched tube with a branch-to-trunk area ratio and angle of branching that were comparable to the human abdominal aorta. Velocity profiles were measured with a laser Doppler anemometer during steady and pulsatile flow in which the mean Reynolds numbers were 500, 1000, and 1500. During both steady and pulsatile flow, as the Reynolds numbers increased, the shear rates at the inner wall of the branch increased. Only slight increments of the shear rates occurred along the outer wall of the branch, however, as the Reynolds number increased. No reversals of flow were observed at any Reynolds number during steady flow. Transient reversals of flow (causing negative shear rates) occurred along the outer wall of the branch at a Reynolds number of 500; but such transient flow reversals were not observed at the higher Reynolds numbers during pulsatile flow. PMID- 6212087 TI - Task Force Study Section report: Biofeedback as an adjunct to psychotherapy. PMID- 6212091 TI - [Cell division and changes of the duration of mitosis in murine Ehrlich ascites carcinoma after a single administration of chalone-containing extract from this tumor]. AB - Single injection of chalone-containing extract from Ehrlich's ascites carcinoma leads to the occurrence of the three phases in the status of cell reproduction system in the carcinoma: inhibition, stimulation (synchronization) and normalization of the number of mitoses. Injection of the preparation during the period of a higher mitotic activity in the controls results in a less marked (57.1%) and less prolonged (5 h) inhibition of cell division in the carcinoma than administration in the period of low cell proliferation (inhibition 86.4% and 82.5% while its duration 9 h). The existence of the three phases in the changes occurring in cell division after a single exposure to the chalone-containing preparation, including the phase of relative synchronization of cell reproduction has been confirmed by studying the time course of K mitoses. During the cell division inhibition phase the mitosis duration increases 1.5-4.5-fold. PMID- 6212092 TI - Effects of temperature and chelating agents on cadmium uptake in the American oyster. PMID- 6212094 TI - A study of familial factors in Alzheimer's disease. AB - Data on the families of 74 probands with autopsy-proven Alzheimer's disease did not support the hypothesis, advanced by Heston and co-workers, of a familial association between Alzheimer's disease, Down's syndrome and immunoproliferative disorders. However, there are difficulties of interpreting negative conclusions in this type of study, particularly those resulting from small sample size and the impossibility of tracing all relatives; only the data for immunoproliferative disorders are incompatible with the hypothesis, those for Down's syndrome being too few to be informative. The incidence of presenile dementia among the first degree relatives of probands was raised, as in many previous studies, and was consistent with a simple polygenic model. The mean parental age at birth of the probands was significantly raised by about 2 years (P divided by 0.01), but so also was that of their unaffected sibs, suggesting that the mechanism differs from that occurring in trisomy 21 and certain other aneuploidies. PMID- 6212093 TI - Effects of impromidine, a specific H2-receptor agonist and 2(2-pyridyl) ethylamine, an H1-receptor agonist, on stimulation-induced release of [3H] noradrenaline in guinea-pig isolated atria. AB - 1 The specific histamine H2-receptor agonist, impromidine (3-100 nmol/l), increased the rate and force of beating of guinea-pig isolated atria. These effects were blocked by the H2-receptor antagonist, cimetidine (30 mumol/l), but not by the H1-receptor antagonist, mepyramine (0.1 mumol/l). 2 In atria that had previously been incubated in [3H]-noradrenaline, impromidine (3-100 nmol/l) had no effect on the resting efflux of radioactivity, but concentrations of 50 and 100 nmol/l significantly increased the efflux induced by electrical stimulation (2 Hz for 10 s) of the intramural sympathetic nerves by approximately 38%; lower concentrations (3, 10 and 25 nmol/l) had no effect. 3 The effect of impromidine in enhancing stimulation-induced efflux of radioactivity was abolished by cimetidine (30 mumol/l) and by mepyramine (0.1 mumol/l). It was unaffected by the alpha-adrenoceptor antagonist, phentolamine (30 mumol/l). 4 Impromidine produced some inhibition of the uptake of [3H]-noradrenaline, but this did not account for the enhancement of the stimulation-induced efflux of radioactivity, since impromidine (50 mumol/l) still increased release in the presence of cocaine (30 mumol/l). 5 The specific H1-receptor agonist, 2-(2-pyridyl)-ethylamine (10-100 mumol/l), increased both the resting and stimulation-induced efflux of radioactivity. These effects were not blocked by mepyramine (0.1 mumol/l) or the beta-adrenoceptor antagonist, metoprolol (0.1 mumol/l). 6 The prejunctional inhibitory histamine receptors in guniea-pig atria are not classifiable into H1- or H2-type by the use of relatively specific postjunctional histamine H1- or H2 receptor agonists and antagonists. PMID- 6212095 TI - High incidence of amiodarone-induced photosensitivity in North-west England. PMID- 6212096 TI - Effects of serotonin synthesis inhibition on sleep in hippocampectomized rats. AB - In adult rats an anterodorsal bilateral hippocampectomy produced an increase in motor activity without modification of the amount of the different sleep stages. In hippocampectomized rats p-chlorophenylalanine produced an insomnia which can be reversed by 5-HTP. These results show that the insomnia produced by brain serotonin depletion is not a result of the hyperactivity produced by the treatments which cause such depletion. PMID- 6212097 TI - Changes in number and distribution of orthogonal arrays during postnatal muscle development. AB - Quantitative freeze-fracture electron microscopy was utilized to study the changes in number and distribution of orthogonal arrays (aggregates of 6-7 nm particles) of the sarcolemmas of the fast twitch extensor digitorum longus (EDL) and slow twitch soleus muscles during the first few weeks of postnatal development in the rat. In the adult rat, orthogonal arrays are present in high densities in the fast twitch type II fibers but only in low densities in slow twitch type I fibers. In this study, the changing histochemical profiles of fiber types in the EDL and soleus muscles were also determined for the first month of postnatal development and correlated with the changing number and distribution of orthogonal arrays during the same time frame. At day 3 postpartum, EDL and soleus fibers possessed few orthogonal arrays. The developing EDL fibers rapidly acquired additional orthogonal arrays until the approximate adult number and distribution were attained at postpartum day 25. In contrast, the slow twitch soleus fibers rapidly acquired orthogonal arrays and type IIA fibers until day 35 when both were in excess of adult values. Subsequently, the number of arrays and type IIA fibers declined to normal adult ranges. We suggest that the patterns of development of orthogonal arrays and fiber types are different in the EDL and soleus because the types of innervating motor units are different in the two muscles. The EDL is innervated almost entirely by fast motor units throughout early development and maturity. The soleus, however, is initially innervated by a more heterogeneous population of motor neurons. Thus, during the period of polyneuronal innervation which occurs normally during the first weeks of postnatal development, many individual soleus fibers may possess simultaneous innervation by axons from different motor neuron types. These dual influences may be responsible for the irregular pattern of development of orthogonal arrays and type IIA fibers in developing soleus fibers. Later, as the adult pattern of monosynaptic innervation is developed, expected adult values of orthogonal arrays and fiber types are attained. PMID- 6212098 TI - [Potentiation by clofibride of the heparin-induced clearing reaction (intravascular hydrolysis of neutral lipids), in hyperlipemic rabbits]. AB - A 16 days clofibride treatment in hyperlipaemic rabbit (fat supply), reduces hypertriglyceridemia and hypercholesterolemia. Heparine clearing reaction, performed on the 17th day, with the daily clofibride dose ingested in one time, is increased. The exaggerated intravascular lipids hydrolysis could explain, in part, the hypolipaemic action of clofibride. PMID- 6212099 TI - [Effect of clofibride on the lipolysis of perirenal adipose tissue in hyperlipemic rabbits]. AB - In hyperlipaemic rabbits (fat supply), perirenal adipose tissue lipolysis does not vary with one in vitro clofibride dose. After a 16 days pretreatment, one in vitro clofibride dose reduces the basal lipolysis and the lipolytic action of synacthene, and increases the antilipolytic effect of insulin. The reduction of the lipolysis of adipose tissue could explain, in part, the hypolipaemic action of clofibride. PMID- 6212100 TI - [In vitro effect of morphine on oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria on non neural cells]. AB - In vitro assays carried on rat liver mitochondria show that morphine is a strong inhibitor of oxidative phosphorylations. Thus the neurotropic drug has also a more general effect on non-nervous cells, effect masked till now by the more impressive effects on the nervous system. PMID- 6212102 TI - [Development of the adrenal medulla in rats subjected to treatment inducing the Sipple syndrome]. AB - The human Sipple syndrome associates a thyroid-C-cell tumor and a pheochromocytoma. A treatment with the antithyroid drug thiamazole allows obtaining experimentally a similar syndrome in rat. Present paper seeks to analyse changes which happened in the medullary zone of adrenal glands before and during the development of the tumors. During the treatment by thiamazole both adrenal cortex and medulla were atrophied. After the treatment was stopped, the weight of the gland increased, as compared with its previous state, and this was chiefly due to the hyperplasia of medullary cells, from which pheochromocytomas originate. The initial atrophy of adrenal gland depends on the thiamazole-induced hyperthyroidism, but the mechanism of the medullary hyperplasia subsequent to the treatment ending is unknown. It results probably from a secondary hyperthyroidism. PMID- 6212101 TI - [Comparison of platelets frozen with different cryoprotective agents]. AB - A comparative study was performed on platelets frozen with dimethyl-sulfoxide (D.M.S.O.), glycerol and dimethyl-acetamide (D.M.A.C.). The results of tests realized in vitro (platelet yields after thawing platelet aggregation, hypotonic stress, release of enzymes and ultrastructure), and in vivo (life span and recoveries after transfusion) have clearly shown that D.M.S.O. is the best cryoprotective agent. The results obtained with glycerol were less interesting and more clinical data are needed in order to study the hemostatic effectiveness of platelets preserved with this agent. Dimethyl-acetamide gave the worse results and in our opinion, must not be used for the cryopreservation of platelets. PMID- 6212103 TI - [Behavior, in organ culture, of inactive corpus luteum of the European badger (Meles meles L.)]. AB - Badger luteal tissue fragments harvested and cultivated during the inactive phase do not resemble active corpus luteum as do granulosa cells in vitro. Production of oestrogen and progesterone by these fragments was examined. Amounts produced are much smaller than in the case of granulosa cells and are slightly influenced by the nature of the serum used in culture medium. PMID- 6212104 TI - [Effects of 3,5,3'-triiodothyroacetic acid (TRIAC) on protein metabolism of genetically obese or non-obese Zucker rats]. AB - Genetically obese female rats (fa/fa) and their lean littermates (Fa/-) were given oral administration of 3,5,3-triiodothyroacetic acid (TRIAC) (20 micrograms/ 100 g of body weight/ day) during 4 weeks. Metabolism of proteins was evaluated in several organs and in skeletal muscle after intraperitoneal injection of 14C and 3H-leucine 6 days and 16 hrs respectively before the sacrifice of animals. We have determined radioactivity of 14C and 3H and the 3H/14C ratio. No significant differences were found in lean and obese rats except in skeletal muscle. The relative protein turnover in skeletal muscle is significantly higher in the obese rats than in the lean rats. Treatment by TRIAC decreases the body weight gain in obese rats compared with controls but it has no statistically significant effect on the relative protein turnover in either obese or lean rats. PMID- 6212105 TI - [Functional audiometry in women during the preovulatory and menstrual phases]. AB - Hearing performance at 4000 and 6000 Hz was observed in height young female subjects before and after they were submitted to an acoustical stress (105 dBA continuous pink-noise for twenty min) during the pre-ovulatory phase and the menstrual phase respectively. Complementary observations were made in height young female subjects under oral contraceptives in the same conditions and at correspondent phases. In each group, parametric analysis of results does not allow to reject the null hypothesis according which the two phases would not differ for auditory performance, when observed for resting thresholds, temporary threshold shifts and recovery processes of auditory fatigue. PMID- 6212106 TI - [Neuro-endocrine effects of chronic clonidine administration in rats]. AB - Neuroendocrine effects of chronic clonidine administration - which has been proposed as antimanic drug - have been evaluated in the female rat for a twenty one days period at the following doses : 0,5 ; 5 ; 25 and 50 micrograms.kg-1.day 1. No modification of the evolution of the oestrus cycle was observed, whereas pituitary hormones (PRL, FSH and LH) plasma levels were not statistically modified. The results of this study are opposed to those frequently observed with classical neuroleptic drugs. PMID- 6212107 TI - [Effect of methylmercury chloride on mitosis in human lymphocytes in culture: ultrastructural study]. AB - The ultrastructural study of proliferating human lymphocytes poisoned by methylmercury chloride, shows that this product disorganizes and alters the different constituents of the mitotic figure. The chromosomes, partially decondensed, are covered with protuberances and connected by various chromatin bridges. Tubular structures are changed. In disorganized cellular centers, the badly bounded centrioles are often thickened. Membraneous systems are altered. PMID- 6212108 TI - [Modulating effects of phenothiazines on mast cells deformities induced by colchicine. Importance of calcium]. AB - The shape changes of peritoneal rat mast cells induced by colchicine are completely inhibited by trifluoperazine (10(-4) M), known to inhibit calmodulin, and by EDTA (2 X 10(-3) M). Promethazine and chlorpromazine increase these modifications up to 10(-4) M and inhibit them at higher concentrations. PMID- 6212109 TI - [Effect of sodium balance after parathyroidectomy on hypertension in SHR and DOCA + saline treated rats]. AB - Parathyroidectomy performed on young SHR and on Sprague-Dawley rats, one week before DOCA + saline treatment, lessened hypertension. A possible explanation would be a decreased sodium balance after parathyroidectomy. Data clearly show that there are no significant changes in sodium balance but some variations in urinary sodium excretion. PMID- 6212110 TI - [Relation between immunogenicity and differentiation of metastasis in an experimental murine melanoma]. AB - The graft into the footpad of Jackson mice of B16 melanoma cells which are only slightly pigmented, induces the simultaneous appearance of achromatic and well pigmented metastatics. We have analysed histologically both types of metastases from the 8th to the 20th day after the resection of the primary tumor. The percentages of mitoses are higher in the achromatic metastases than in the pigmented ones. Both are infiltrated by lymphocytes and by a small number of macrophages and polymorphonuclears. A statistical analysis demonstrates however that the percentage of lymphocytes is not related to the importance of the metastase pigmentation. The discussion is devoted to the relations between the infiltration by lymphocytes, the immunogenicity and the differentiation of the tumor. PMID- 6212111 TI - [Absence of oxygen toxicity in cutaneous rat mast cells]. AB - When gas pockets previously formed in the dorsal subcutaneous tissue of the rat are filled with pure oxygen (F0(2) = 1) no local vascular extravasation is provoked. Blood vessels of the pocket walls do not exhibit the same reactivity as the peritoneal ones to hyperoxic gaseous mixtures. PMID- 6212112 TI - Cutting efficiency of carbide burs on two composite resins. PMID- 6212113 TI - Immediate breast reconstruction after mastectomy using a rectus abdominis myodermal flap without an implant. AB - In the authors' opinion there is no physical reason for a waiting period after total mastectomy before the breast is reconstructed. If the duration of the patient's survival is limited, the sooner the breast is reconstructed the better. The authors do not use silicone implants that may be blamed for the appearance of recurrent tumour but reconstruct the breast with a vertical rectus abdominis myodermal flap immediately after the mastectomy. The flap is an island of skin, fat and muscle extending from the xiphoid to the pubis; it receives its blood supply from the perforators of the superior-inferior epigastric vascular axis on the same side as the mastectomy. The rectus abdominis muscle is the pedicle and carrier of the vessels that feed the ellipse of skin. The flap is doubled on itself and thus forms a cone. It is then passed into the breast area by undermining the intervening bridge of skin. Nipple and areola are grafted onto the flap. This operation enables a wide resection, so that the principles of cancer management are not compromised. PMID- 6212114 TI - Intra-arterial chemotherapy using an implantable infusion pump and liver irradiation for the treatment of hepatic metastases. AB - Liver metastases are a common cause of death in colon carcinoma. The dual blood supply of the liver permits regional perfusion while hepatic catabolism fo 5 fluorouracil (FU), floxuridine (FUdR) permit higher drug exposures than systemic (IV) administration. We have studied the effect of continuous intra-arterial chemotherapy (FU: 5-10 mg/kg/day and FUdR: 0.2 mg/kg/day) and whole liver irradiation (1000 rad every 4 weeks, total dose of 3000 rad) for metastatic colon carcinoma to liver. Eighteen patients with metastases to liver only are reported using this combination therapy. Seven patients had percutaneous placement of a catheter via the brachial artery, two had operative placement of a catheter via the gastroduodenal artery, all of which were connected to the Cormed infusor system, nine had operative placement of the Infusaid implantable pump with catheter placement into the hepatic artery via the gastroduodenal artery. The median survival for the entire group was 241 days. In those patients whose liver function tests (bilirubin and alkaline phosphatase) were less than two times normal, the median survival was 770 days. The median survival of the patients with greater than two times normal LFT's was 178 days. Two patients died of complications of the treatment. One who developed irreversible radiation hepatitis but at autopsy had only two areas of microscopic tumor foci in the liver and another who had received only 15 days of infusion and 1000 rad to liver. This patient developed irreversible chemical enteritis secondary to chemotherapy infusion into the superior mesenteric artery. Three patients have undergone abdominal reexploration and one at autopsy, who were found to have no gross evidence of tumor in the liver despite previous pathologic confirmation. It appears that some patients with minimal tumor burdens can have sterilization of their tumors. There were three cases of reversible liver function abnormalities. Complications associated with conventional intra-arterial chemotherapy (artery thrombosis, catheter sepsis and dislodgement, pump infusion variation and pump failure) were not seen with the Infusaid delivery system. The pump is refilled every 2-3 weeks via percutaneous puncture. All therapy was given on an outpatient basis. Pump acceptance and tolerance was 100%. Intra-arterial chemotherapy can now be accomplished without the morbidity associated with it in the past. The combination of chemotherapy and liver irradiation may offer improved survival in selected patients. PMID- 6212115 TI - Strain and species differences in the induction of ATPase-deficient hepatic foci by diethylnitrosamine. AB - Diethylnitrosamine (5 mg/kg) was intraperitoneally administered to rats, mice, guinea pigs and tupaias daily for 3 weeks. After 12 weeks of cessation, focal areas of ATPase-deficiency of hepatocytes appeared only in rats and, to a much lesser extent, in guinea pigs. Female rats were more sensitive than males and Wistar rats were less sensitive than Sprague-Dawley rats. These data show that quantitation of ATPase-deficient foci as a determinant of hepatocarcinogenicity is mainly restricted to the rat species. PMID- 6212116 TI - 5-Fluorouracil incorporation in DNA of human breast carcinoma cells. AB - We have demonstrated previously the presence of 5-fluorouracil (FUra) residues in L1210 DNA. These findings have been extended to the MCF-7 human breast carcinoma cell line. Cesium sulfate gradient centrifugation has been used to separate the MCF-7 RNA and DNA fractions. Alkali and RNase digests have also been used to remove any possible RNA contaminating the DNA fraction. The purified DNA has been analyzed by high-pressure liquid chromatography following digestion to nucleotides and nucleosides. The results demonstrate that FUra residues are detectable in the DNA of these human breast carcinoma cells following exposure to either FUra of 5-fluorodeoxyuridine. Further, the extend of FUra incorporation in both MCF-7 RNA and DNA is similar with either fluorinated pyrimidine. We also demonstrate that the FUra incorporation in DNA from this human cell line can be enhanced by concurrent incubation with thymidine. PMID- 6212117 TI - In vitro growth promotion in human malignant melanoma cells by fibroblast growth factor. AB - Bovine pituitary fibroblast growth factor (FGF) stimulates the incorporation of [3H]thymidine into DNA in serum-depleted cultures of some but not other human melanoma cells. The melanotic malignant melanoma cell line MIRW exhibited a 40% increase in [3H]thymidine incorporation into DNA and a 48% increase in cell number in response to 3.73 x 10(-9) M FGF. This same concentration of FGF produced a 22% increase in [3H]thymidine incorporation in the melanotic melanoma cell line Hs0294. However, FGF had no effect on the amelanotic melanoma cell line Hs0675, early-passage cultures of a human amelanotic melanoma (W-1), or early passage cultures of a congenital nevus (N-1). PMID- 6212118 TI - Pharmacology and toxicity of Ip streptozocin in ovarian cancer: a case report. PMID- 6212119 TI - Medical and surgical treatment of peripheral arteriosclerotic vascular disease. PMID- 6212120 TI - Cefoperazone therapy of serious infections. AB - Cefoperazone was evaluated as the therapeutic agent in 64 adults with serious infections. Included were pneumonias, urinary tract infections, septicemia, osteomyelitis, joint infections, and superficial infections. A total of 84 organisms, including many multiantibiotic-resistant strains, were designated as the etiological agents. In most patients therapy was initiated before information on cefoperazone sensitivity of the infecting organism was available. This proved suitable in most instances. Clinical response to therapy was excellent in these individuals. Bacteriological responses coincided with the problems of the patient but did not reflect inadequacy of the antibacterial effect of cefoperazone. Adverse effects on renal function, including already impaired function, were not observed. PMID- 6212121 TI - Myocardial lysosomes in pressure-overload hypertrophy. AB - Combined electron microscopic and cytochemical studies were used to investigate the effects of chronic-pressure overload hypertrophy on myocardial lysosomes, mitochondria, and myofibrils in the left ventricle of the cat. Myocardial hypertrophy was induced by an 84% banding constriction of the ascending aorta. After one month of aortic constriction the experimental animals demonstrated a 51% increase in left ventricular mass. No qualitative ultrastructural differences were noted between the myocardial tissues of the hypertrophy and normal group. However, the cytochemical reaction product to acid phosphatase appeared more frequently in the myocardium of the hypertrophy group compared to that of the normal group. By use of quantitative morphometry the percentage of mitochondria, myofibrils and lysosomes per myocardial cell was determined in both hypertrophy and normal groups of animals. Despite significant increases in the left ventricular mass of hypertrophy animals, a normal balance of mitochondria and myofibrils was maintained within the myocardium. Further analysis indicated an enhanced lysosomal population in the hypertrophy group compared to the normal group. PMID- 6212122 TI - Visualization of recA protein and its association with DNA: a priming effect of single-strand-binding protein. AB - A stoichiometric interaction of RecA protein with single-stranded DNA promotes homologous pairing of the single strand with duplex DNA and subsequent polar formation of a heteroduplex joint. Escherichia coli single-strand-binding (SSB) protein augments these reactions. Electron microscopic observations suggest structural bases for these interactions. Without triphosphates or DNA, RecA protein forms short linear filaments. With added circular single-stranded DNA, it forms extended circular filaments as well as collapsed and aggregated complexes of protein and DNA. The extended circular filaments are stiff and regular in appearance, contrasting with the convoluted structure formed by SSB protein and single-stranded DNA. Together, these two proteins form mixed filaments, which mostly resemble the extended structures containing RecA protein; moreover, SSB protein accelerates formation of extended filaments more than 50-fold, increasing the yield of these structures at the expense of heterogeneous aggregates. Other observations further define the interactions of RecA protein with partially single-stranded DNA, and the effects of ATP gamma S on the tendency of RecA protein to form polymeric structures even in the absence of DNA. PMID- 6212123 TI - The suppression activity of Fc gamma receptors is not related to their T-cell origin. PMID- 6212124 TI - Regulatory T cells in pregnancy. VI. Evidence for T-cell-mediated suppression of CTL generation toward paternal alloantigens. PMID- 6212125 TI - Monocyte-produced prostaglandin induces Fc gamma receptor expression on human T cells. PMID- 6212126 TI - Suppressor cells as an agent of immune facilitation. II. Adoptive transfer of passively induced enhancement of allografted tumors. PMID- 6212127 TI - Role of various carrageenans in autologous and allogenic mixed lymphocyte reaction. PMID- 6212128 TI - Color reaction between cavity liners and BIS-GMA resins. PMID- 6212130 TI - [Czechoslovak epidemiology and microbiology in the past 30 years]. PMID- 6212129 TI - Fibroblast growth factor stimulates anchorage independent growth in agar of BHK21/13 and SV3T3 cells. PMID- 6212131 TI - [Epidemic of influenza of two kinds in North-Bohemian Region in the year 1980 (author's transl)]. PMID- 6212133 TI - [Possibilities of group classification of beta-hemolytic streptococci on the principle of coagglutination by means of diagnostic preparation Streptosec (author's transl)]. PMID- 6212132 TI - [An epidemic of Q-fever in a cotton-processing plant (author's transl)]. PMID- 6212134 TI - [Importance of epidemiological case history in the fight against teniarhynchosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 6212135 TI - [Influence of cultivation medium on the release and properties of LPS from non-01 Vibrio cholerae (author's transl)]. PMID- 6212136 TI - [Natural focus of tick-borne encephalitis of the mountain-type (author's transl)]. PMID- 6212137 TI - [Rapid agglutination of glutaraledhyde-treated erythrocytes by some gram negative bacteria (author's transl)]. PMID- 6212138 TI - [Factors of virulence of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli. Enterotoxins (author's transl)]. PMID- 6212139 TI - [Otoneurologic aspects of the pathogenesis and treatment of acute myalgias and disk diseases]. PMID- 6212140 TI - [The identification of Tien-Ma (Gastrodia elata) and its adulterants (author's transl)]. PMID- 6212141 TI - [On the rules of combination of Latin title of vegetable drugs (author's transl)]. PMID- 6212142 TI - [Improvement of the method of decocting Chinese traditional medicine (author's transl)]. PMID- 6212143 TI - [Selection of the processed Chinese drugs to be dispensed in prescriptions in North China (author's transl)]. PMID- 6212144 TI - [Appraisal of the apparatus in current use for preparing of Chinese medicinal decoction and an improved design (author's transl)]. PMID- 6212145 TI - [On the processing of some Chinese crude drugs containing glycosides (author's transl)]. PMID- 6212147 TI - [Isolation and identification of chemical constituents of She-gan (Belamcanda chinensis) (author's transl)]. PMID- 6212146 TI - [Quantitative determination of aesculin and aesculetin in Qin-Pi (Cortex fraxini) by TLC-UV spectrophotometric method (author's transl)]. PMID- 6212148 TI - [The investigation on plant resources and introduction of Dioscorea zingiberensis Wright (author's transl)]. PMID- 6212149 TI - [Pharmacological study of the Chinese drug Qiang-Huo (Notopterygium incisium Ting) (author's transl)]. PMID- 6212150 TI - [Antagonistic effect of Smilax sp. on gossypol toxicity (author's transl)]. PMID- 6212151 TI - [Influence of processing on curative effect of Chinese drugs (author's transl)]. PMID- 6212152 TI - Remarks on Chinese materia medica (6)---Anguo, a commercial distributing center of Chinese crude drugs. PMID- 6212153 TI - [The use of orthogonal design for investigating the effects of Chinese drug (author's transl)]. PMID- 6212154 TI - [Cultivation of Dioscorea nipponica. II. Study on the method of sexual reproduction (author's transl)]. PMID- 6212155 TI - [Quality analysis of Yi-Mu-Cao (Leonurus heterophyllus) in various stages of growth (author's transl)]. PMID- 6212156 TI - The pharmacokinetics of high-dose medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) in the therapy of advanced breast cancer. PMID- 6212158 TI - Home teaching for pre-school handicapped children - a cognitive approach. AB - A case study was carried out to investigate and evaluate a home-teaching scheme, with a cognitive bias, for parents of pre-school handicapped children. The scheme linked teaching at the pre-school assessment unit with teaching by the parents in the home. A speech therapist, acting as home-teacher, demonstrated activities to the parents of a Down's syndrome child during weekly visits. The follow-up assessment areas of development. As a result of this study the scheme is to be extended and finance sought. PMID- 6212157 TI - The effects of retinoic acid and a tumor promoter, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13 acetate, on lymphocyte proliferation. AB - The tumor promotor, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) inhibits DNA synthesis in allogenic, mixed cultures of bovine lymphocytes. Retinoic acid, an antagonist of TPA in in vivo skin promotion, was tested for its ability to counteract the effect of TPA on lymphocyte proliferation. Retinoic acid or related compounds, retinol or retinol acetate, did not reverse or prevent the inhibitory effect of TPA. Instead retinoic acid also inhibited DNA synthesis in mixed lymphocyte cultures. On the average, about 8 microM retinoic acid inhibited the mixed lymphocyte response by 50%. The mitogenic response of lymphocytes to phytohemagglutinin (PHA) was also inhibited by retinoic acid. The degree of inhibition depended both on the concentration of PHA and of retinoic acid. Therefore, in regard to bovine lymphocytes, retinoic acid depresses DNA synthesis in both allogenic and lectin stimulated responses. Such suppression should be taken into account in the use of retinoic acid in chemotherapy. PMID- 6212159 TI - Reversible alterations in excitation-contraction coupling during myocardial hypertrophy in rat papillary muscle. AB - To investigate the possible role of an alteration in excitation-contraction coupling in cardiac hypertrophy, we compared simultaneously recorded action potentials along with isometric or isotonic contractions of normal and hypertrophied papillary muscles. Hypertrophy was produced by renal hypertension in rats. Hypertrophied papillary muscles were taken from rats that had been hypertensive for 10 [HBP (10)] or 20 [HBP (20)] weeks. Regression of changes induced by hypertrophy was studied in rats that had been hypertensive for 10 weeks and then made normotensive for 10 weeks by removal of the ischemic kidney. Papillary muscles from age-matched, sham-operated rats [SHAM (10), SHAM (20)] were used as controls. We found that HBP (10) rats had significantly longer action potentials than SHAM (10) rats and that difference in the action potential duration recorded during isotonic and isometric contractions was significantly different from SHAM (10) and HBP (10) rats. Peak developed tension was the same in HBP (10) and SHAM (10) muscles, but the duration of isometric contraction and time-to-peak shortening were longer in HBP (10) muscles. Similarly, whereas the peak tension was the same in HBP (20) and SHAM (20) muscles, the duration of the action potential and isometric contraction, as well as the time-to-peak tension, was longer in HBP (20) muscles. The longer values for action potential duration, isometric contraction, and time-to-peak tension in HBP (20) muscles returned to SHAM values in HBP (R) muscles. The functional relationship between contraction and the action potential time course was assessed by plotting action potential duration against four parameters of contraction: peak developed tension, time-to peak tension, time-to-half relaxation, and time-to-peak shortening. Statistical analysis of these data showed a significant correlation between action potential duration and all four parameters of contraction in SHAM (10) and SHAM (20) muscles. In contrast, HBP (10) muscles showed a significant correlation between action potential duration and only two contractile parameters, whereas action potential duration did not correlate significantly with any of the contractile parameters in HBP (20) muscles. Remarkably, in HBP (R) preparations a significant correlation was restored between action potential duration and three of the four contractile parameters. The results of this study suggest that reversible cardiac hypertrophy is associated with reversible alterations in excitation-contraction coupling. The reversibility of the mechanical and electrical alterations that accompany hypertrophy suggests, in turn, that cardiac hypertrophy is an adaptive process. PMID- 6212160 TI - "Myxomatous" mitral valves: collagen dissolution as the primary defect. PMID- 6212161 TI - Platelet release and thromboxane synthesis in symptomatic coronary artery disease. AB - The incidence and significance of platelet activation in myocardial ischemia was evaluated by serial measurement of plasma thromboxane B2 (TXB2) and beta thromboglobulin (beta TG) in plasma and urine in 98 patients admitted to a coronary care unit with chest pain. All measurements were normal in the 26 patients with noncardiac chest pain. Mean plasma TXB2 and beta TG concentration, but not urine beta TG, were elevated in the 25 patients with myocardial infarction and the 47 patients with angina. The beta TG levels remained normal in 61% of the patients with angina or infarction. The TXB2 levels were significantly higher in patients with recurrent episodes of angina at rest than in those without ischemic episodes after admission. There was a weak correlation between plasma TXB2 and plasma beta TG (r = 0.20, p less than 0.01) and between plasma and urine beta TG (r = 0.31, p less than 0.01). Results indicate that platelets are frequently activated with myocardial ischemia or infarction. However, the measurement of beta TG and TXB2 is of limited value in detecting or differentiating myocardial ischemia from infarction and therefore lacks clinical value in the management of patients with ischemic heart disease. PMID- 6212163 TI - Exercise electrocardiography and myocardial scintigraphy in the serial evaluation of the results of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. PMID- 6212162 TI - An animal model of congestive (dilated) cardiomyopathy: dilatation and hypertrophy of the heart in the chronic stage in DBA/2 mice with myocarditis caused by encephalomyocarditis virus. AB - To investigate whether lesions that develop in the chronic stage of viral myocarditis are similar to those seen in congestive (dilated) cardiomyopathy, we studied myocarditis in inbred strains of DBA/2 mice infected with encephalomyocarditis (EMC) virus. Myocardial necrosis with calcification appeared on day 4. Thereafter, myocardial necrosis became more extensive and mononuclear cell infiltration was evident and was most marked on day 14. On day 90, cellular infiltration had decreased and myocardial fibrosis was prominent. At this stage, the heart weight was significantly greater in the infected mice than in the controls (0.190 +/- 0.028 g vs 0.122 +/- 0.013 g, mean +/- SD) (p less than 0.001) and the cavity dimensions of the left ventricle were larger (1.67 +/- 0.29 mm vs 1.11 +/- 0.20 mm) (p less than 0.001). The diameters of myocardial fibers of the right ventricle, the interventricular septum and the left ventricle were significantly larger than those of the controls (right ventricle, 16.6 +/- 1.8 vs 13.4 +/- 1.5 micrometer; interventricular septum, 17.8 +/- 1.5 vs 13.8 +/- 1.5 micrometer; left ventricle, 19.4 +/- 1.7 vs 14.8 +/- 1.1 micrometer) (p less than 0.001). This study demonstrates that in viral myocarditis in the chronic stage, lesions develop that resemble those seen in congestive cardiomyopathy. PMID- 6212165 TI - Lipomatous hypertrophy of the interatrial septum: in vivo diagnosis. AB - Lipomatous hypertrophy of the interatrial septum (LHIS), a finding associated with obesity and advancing age, consists of the accumulation of adipose tissue, including fetal adipose tissue, in the interatrial septum cephalad and caudad to the fossa ovalis. Previous descriptions of this entity have been limited to autopsy examination. We report a patient in whom the diagnosis of LHIS was established during life by the use of computed tomographic cardiac imaging. As is often the case in patients discovered at autopsy to have LHIS, this patient had atrial fibrillation and, while in normal sinus rhythm, an abnormal P-wave morphology. This patient represents the first patient in whom the diagnosis of LHIS has been established during life. LHIS should be considered in the differential diagnosis of atrial fibrillation and other supraventricular rhythm/conduction disturbances, particularly in obese, elderly patients. PMID- 6212164 TI - Electrocardiographic measures of left ventricular hypertrophy in children across the distribution of blood pressure: the Muscatine study. AB - We sought to test the effectiveness of the ECG as a measure of increased left ventricular wall mass in children with high blood pressure. One hundred eighty one children, ages 9-18 years, were selected from the lowest, middle and highest quintile of systolic blood pressure from the Muscatine Study, based upon two biennial school screenings. After correction for age, sex, height, weight and skinfold thickness, children with the highest blood pressure had increased echocardiographic left ventricular wall mass (p less than 0.02). Voltage measurements of maximum R and S waves in the standard and precordial leads were measured by computer. We correlated blood pressure and echocardiographic measurements of the interventricular septum, left ventricular posterior wall and left ventricular wall mass to electrocardiographic combinations used to predict left ventricular hypertrophy in both children and adults. The electrocardiographic correlations ranged from -0.01 to + 0.17. Poor correlations were found between electrocardiographic measures and blood pressure, left ventricular wall thickness or left ventricular wall mass. Skinfold thickness and weight had negative correlations, suggesting a damping effect upon measured voltage. We conclude that the echocardiogram is a more sensitive measurement of increased left ventricular mass than the ECG in children with elevated blood pressure. PMID- 6212166 TI - Hypersensitivity vasculitis group (HVG). A case-oriented review of a continuing clinical spectrum. PMID- 6212167 TI - The effect of puberty and short-term oral administration of testosterone undecanoate on GH tests and sex-steroid related plasma compounds in GH deficient patients. AB - In twelve boys and two girls, with idiopathic (partial) growth hormone deficiency diagnosed at prepubertal age, we studied the effect of spontaneous puberty (six patients) as well as the effect of sex-steroid priming (eight patients). Six boys received testosterone undecanoate and two girls ethinyloestradiol for 5 days. Two pubertal patients showed a normal GH response, the patients primed with testosterone or oestrogen did not, despite a distinct effect on sex-steroid related plasma compounds. Reevaluation of GH status appears to be worthwhile in GH deficient patients presenting with short stature, growth deceleration at an early pubertal age and delayed sexual maturation. Sex-steroid priming is unlikely to alter the outcome of GH testing, whenever marked growth deceleration is evident at prepubertal age. PMID- 6212168 TI - Alterations in the electrocardiogram of spontaneously hypertensive rats by chronic antihypertensive therapy with captopril. AB - To determine whether the electrocardiogram (ECG) could detect a reduction in ventricular mass with chronic antihypertensive therapy, ECGs were obtained in two year old female normotensive (NR) and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) following nine months of treatment with captopril or water. The ECG of untreated SHR was considerably different than that of age- and sex-matched NR. The notable differences were the increased voltage, left axis deviation, a delay in the intrinsicoid deflection, and the increased frequency of left atrial abnormalities. Chronic captopril therapy produced a substantial reduction in left ventricular mass in the SHR (NR, 0.63 +/- 0.01; SHR, 1.08 +/- 0.03; captopril SHR, 0.80 +/- 0.04 g). The ECG reflected this regression of left ventricular hypertrophy since the voltage and axis of the treated SHR were no longer different than those of NR. Thus, the ECG may be effective in evaluating the regression of cardiac hypertrophy in response to chronic therapy in experimental hypertension. PMID- 6212169 TI - Degradation of keratan sulfate by beta-N-acetylhexosaminidases in GM2 gangliosidosis. AB - We have prepared a new substrate from a keratan sulfate-derived-oligosaccharide (2-acetamido-2-deoxyglucosyl-(1--3)-[1-3H] Galactitol), which is necessary to measure beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase activity. This substrate was prepared from a cornea keratan sulfate by digestion with endo-beta-galactosidase, followed by isolation of disaccharide on gel filtration chromatography and chemical desulfation. Using this substrate, we found that a striking deficiency of beta-N acetylhexosaminidase activity was present in the skin fibroblasts of patients with Sandhoff disease but not in Tay-Sachs disease. Both beta-N-acetyl hexosaminidase A & H contributed to the catabolism of keratan sulfate. PMID- 6212170 TI - Pathogenesis of spontaneous autoimmune thyroiditis in Obese strain (OS) chickens. PMID- 6212171 TI - Impaired primary in-vitro antibody response in progressive systemic sclerosis patients: role of suppressor monocytes. AB - The primary in-vitro antibody response developed by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBM) towards trinitrophenyl coupled to polyacrylamide beads (TNP-PAA) was evaluated in 17 untreated patients with progressive systemic sclerosis (PSS). This response was markedly depressed as compared with that of 19 control patients and 28 normal subjects. In eight PSS patients and eight normal controls the anti TNP response was measured before, and after, a PBM filtration on nylon wool columns. This procedure dramatically reduced the proportion of monocytes identified as mononuclear cells staining positively for peroxidases, and restored the response of PSS PBM to the level observed in normal PBM. In four experiments, plastic-adherent cells from either normal subjects of PSS patients were added to autologous nylon-passed PBM. This did not modify the response from normal PBM but inhibited the response of PSS PBM. The inhibitory effect of PSS plastic-adherent cells was insensitive to a 2,000 R X-ray irradiation. These results strongly suggest that the impaired in-vitro antibody response observed in PSS can be attributed to a suppressor monocyte. The concanavalin-A-induced suppressor cells of the antibody response were assayed in PSS. They exerted a suppressive effect to the same extent as in controls. PMID- 6212172 TI - Lymphocyte function in anergic patients. AB - The lymphocyte function of anergic surgical patients who are at increased risk for sepsis and mortality was studied. In vitro lymphocyte responses appear to be normal in most instances, in that over 80% of patients showed a normal response in a standardized mixed leucocyte culture reaction. Similarly, 56% of the lymphocytes from anergic patients showed a positive in vitro proliferative response with PPD. The ability of in vitro-activated lymphocytes to elicit a skin reaction was determined by culturing the cells of anergic patients with PPD and then reinjecting the lymphocytes or their supernatants intradermally into the original donor. When there was a positive proliferative response to PPD in vitro, the reinjected cells or supernatant elicited a positive skin reaction in 79% of the anergic patients. In contrast, a skin reaction was obtained in less than 20% of the instances when there was no in vitro proliferation to PPD or when the cells were cultured without antigen. These results suggest that one of the acquired immune defects in these anergic patients is an in vivo block of lymphocyte activation. PMID- 6212173 TI - Immunosuppression in plasmacytoma: induction of suppressor cells. AB - Immunosuppression in BALB/c mice with plasmacytomas (PC) is, at least in part, due to increased suppressor activity of splenic adherent cells. A PC subcellular fraction rich in intracisternal A particles, previously shown to have an immunosuppressive effect in normal BALB/c mice, is now shown to exert this effect through the development of splenic suppressor cells. The splenic suppressor cells induced with this subcellular fraction were found to be radioresistant adherent macrophages that suppressed the immune response of normal splenic cells to sheep erythrocytes through a diffusible factor, but did not influence their polyclonal IgM secretion ater LPS stimulation in vitro. These characteristics are identical to those of the naturally occurring suppressor macrophages in mice with PC. Whether the induction of suppressor cells is due to the intracisternal A particles themselves or a factor co-purified with them, remains to be established. PMID- 6212175 TI - Abnormal generation of concanavalin A-induced suppressor cell function in human autoimmune hemolytic anemia. PMID- 6212174 TI - Schistosoma mekongi infection in man: cellular immune responses and modulating mechanisms. AB - Cell-mediated immune responses (CMI), as assessed by lymphocyte proliferation in vitro, were evaluated in 11 Laotian patients harbouring asymptomatic chronic infections by Schistosoma mekongi, a schistosome closely related to S. japonicum. When the mononuclear cells of these patients were cultured in autologous plasma, lymphocyte responses to schistosome antigens were essentially nil, not differing from those of unexposed North American controls. Specific lymphocyte proliferation, however, was seen both after the removal of mononuclear cells that were nylon-wool-adherent and after substitution of the autologous serum in the culture with normal AB serum. Our data suggest that the CMI responses of humans with chronic S. mekongi infections are 'modulated' by adherent suppressor cells and serum-suppressive factors, and that modulation of CMI supports the stable host-parasite relationship in a similar fashion to that described for chronic human Schistosoma mansoni infection. PMID- 6212176 TI - Treatment of renal transplant artery stenosis by percutaneous transluminal dilatation. AB - Transluminal arterial dilatation using a balloon catheter was performed in four patients with renal allografts and transplant artery stenosis. In three patients the procedure was uncomplicated and resulted in reduction in mean blood pressure from 180/100 mm Hg to 135/85 mm Hg immediately after and 135/90 mm Hg at a mean of eight months after angioplasty; renal function remained stable. In one patient with two stenoses the procedure was abandoned because of inaccessibility of the stenotic sites to the dilatation catheter; however, reversible acute renal failure ensued. Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty may thus offer a successful alternative to conventional surgical techniques in renal transplant artery stenosis in suitable patients. PMID- 6212177 TI - Platelet activation in nephrotic syndrome. PMID- 6212178 TI - Identification of hip surface arthroplasty failures with TcSC/TcmDP radionuclide imaging. AB - The roentgenographic identification of femoral component loosening after hip surface arthroplasty is often impossible because the metallic femoral component obscures the bone-cement interface. The use of combined technetium sulfur colloid and technetium methylene diphosphonate radionuclide imaging has been especially useful in the diagnosis of loosening. In 40 patients, follow-up combined TcSC and TcmDP scans at an average of three, nine, and 27 months postoperation revealed significant differences in the isotope uptakes in patients who had loose prostheses compared with those without complications. Scans were evaluated by first dividing them into eight anatomical regions and then rating the uptake in each region or 'zone' on a five-point scale. Results were compared using the Student's t-test and differences were noted between normal controls and patients who had femoral component loosening. Combining both TcSC and TcmDP studies increased the statistical significance obtained when comparing patients who had complications to those in the control group. PMID- 6212179 TI - Pulmonary perfusion scanning in ventricular septal defect. PMID- 6212180 TI - Malignant pleural effusion and Tc-99m MDP accumulation. AB - Two case reports of malignant pleural effusion from breast carcinoma, with scans showing a striking accumulation of Tc-99m MDP, are presented. The Tc-99m MDP was in the pleural fluid and not in the pleura as demonstrated by shift with gravity. Possible mechanisms of malignant effusion accumulation of Tc-99m MDP are suggested. The scant literature on the subject is reviewed. PMID- 6212181 TI - Central nervous system image correlation: multiple cerebral vascular accidents in a child with cyanotic heart disease. PMID- 6212182 TI - Contact dermatitis from silver fulminate-fulminate itch. PMID- 6212183 TI - Rashes amongst persulphate workers. PMID- 6212184 TI - Occupational irritant contact folliculitis associated with triphenyl tin fluoride (TPTF) exposure. AB - Triphenyl tin fluoride (TPTF) is a bioactive organo-tin compound used in concentrations 2-12% as anti-foulants in boat paints. The chemical is moderately toxic to the skin. An occupational irritant contact folliculitis from TPTF in a marine paint plant worker is described. Contact allergy was excluded by patch testing. An attempt to reproduce the follicular reaction in man, rabbit and guinea pig was unsuccessful. PMID- 6212185 TI - Contact allergy and depigmentation from alstroemeria. AB - Alstroemeria plants have increased in popularity in recent years, but surprisingly few cases of contact allergy have been reported. Observations of combined sensitivity between Alstroemeria and Tulipa have given support to the assumption that they contain identical sensitizing agents. A patient working as a gardner developed a dermatitis from Alstroemeria. Patch tests with Alstroemeria were positive, but patch tests with Tulipa were negative. 2 months after test application, the patient showed depigmented areas at the test sites and at the sites of a previous dermatitis. The depigmented test areas remained unchanged at least a year after test application. Whether the depigmentation was due to some unique character of the molecular structure of the unknown Alstroemeria allergen, or to a unique biological characteristic of the patient, remains to be determined. PMID- 6212186 TI - Contact dermatitis to a new fungicide, 2-n-octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one. PMID- 6212187 TI - Chromium dermatitis and oral administration of the metal. PMID- 6212188 TI - Contact dermatitis in an oil painter. PMID- 6212189 TI - Allergic contact dermatitis from diazo paper. PMID- 6212190 TI - Allergy to glyoxal in a polyvinyl resin emulsion. PMID- 6212191 TI - Bavarian tiger balm. PMID- 6212192 TI - Allergic contact dermatitis due to the fungicide hexetidine. PMID- 6212193 TI - Type I and type IV allergy to specific chicken organs. PMID- 6212194 TI - Mercury sensitivity in a dentist. PMID- 6212195 TI - Rhinorrhea due to chromic acid etching in a chromium sensitive person. PMID- 6212196 TI - An antigen-specific suppressor T cell factor controlled by two genes in the immunoglobulin heavy chain linkage group and in the I-J subregion of the H-2 complex. PMID- 6212197 TI - Regulation of the IgE response by IgE class-specific suppressor T hybridomas. PMID- 6212198 TI - Functional vascularization of the teleost eye. PMID- 6212199 TI - Fiberglass vs mineral wool (rockwool) dermatitis. AB - Fiberglass and rockwool dermatitis is usually due to a mechanical irritant reaction. When several members of a family are affected, scabies is often initially suspected. The irritant dermatitis may be complicated by an urticarial and an eczematous reaction which may mimic an allergic reaction clinically and histologically. Allergic reactions to added epoxy or formaldehyde resins may very rarely occur. PMID- 6212200 TI - Exfoliative dermatitis from captopril. AB - Captopril, an angiotensin converting enzyme blocker, has recently been released for limited clinical use in the treatment of refractory congestive heart failure and severe hypertension. The only major dermatologic side effects from this medication have been either an urticarial or an erythematous, maculopapular eruption. This paper presents what I believe to be the first reported case of exfoliative erythroderma associated with the use of captopril. Although this medication may be lifesaving with its minimal side effects, close attention should be paid to the dermatologic side effects of this drug. PMID- 6212201 TI - The role of cosmetics in postadolescent acne. AB - The role of cosmetics in the induction and perpetuation of adult acne has been debated. This study reports the effects of a cosmetic regimen consisting of six formulations of low predicted acnegenic potential on the course of mild postadolescent acne in ten young women. No increase in activity of disease as measured by comedo and inflammatory papule counts was noted in these subjects; on the contrary, a decreasing trend in the total number of comedones and papules was noted throughout the cosmetic use period of the study. The premarketing "in-use" testing of cosmetic formulations intended for use by the postadolescent consumer with mild acne is suggested. PMID- 6212202 TI - [Epidemiology of allergic diseases due to occupational exposure]. PMID- 6212204 TI - Dose-dependent pharmacokinetics of azlocillin compared to mezlocillin. AB - The pharmacokinetics of azlocillin at intravenous doses of 1.0, 2.0 and 5.0 g and of 2.0 g mezlocillin were studied in a cross-over study on 10 healthy volunteers. The serum concentrations and total area under the serum curves for azlocillin increased more than expected from the multiples of the dose size. Likewise, the percentage of urinary excretion of an antibacterially active agent increased steadily with higher doses. The same applied to the serum half-life (t 1/2), whereas the total body clearance was reduced. All these characteristics are indicative of dose-dependent, i.e. capacity-limited pharmacokinetics. The t 1/2 was 0.89, 0.98, and 1.53 h for each dose. For 2.0 g mezlocillin, the serum values, urinary recovery, and t 1/2 were lower than the values after the same dose of azlocillin. The t 1/2 was 0.64 h. The total body clearance was 12,0, 9.2, and 6.4 liters/h for the three doses of azlocillin and 14.4 liters/h for 2. g mezlocillin. Dose dependence appears to be more pronounced with azlocillin than found previously with mezlocillin. Unchanged azlocillin and its biotransformation products are excreted more slowly than mezlocillin and its metabolites. PMID- 6212203 TI - Dose dependence of piperacillin pharmacokinetics. AB - Pharmacokinetics were evaluated for piperacillin given as doses of 15, 30 and 60 mg/kg body weight to 12 healthy volunteers subdivided into three groups which were each given different dosage levels. For the 15, 30 and 60 mg/kg doses, the serum half-lives were 0.8, 1.0 and 0.9 h, and the disposition phase distribution volume coefficients, delta d. beta, 0.31, 0.30, ad 0.25 l/kg. The total body clearances for the three doses normalized to 70 kg body weight were 18.53, 14.00 and 13.53 l/h for the 15, 30 and 60 mg/kg doses, respectively. The corresponding values for the total area under the curves per 1.0 g dose were 57.1, 75.0 and 79.6 micrograms/ml. The urinary elimination of the antibiotic corresponding to the antimicrobial activity of unchanged drug rose from 50.0 to 71.3% of the dose, for a dose increment of 15 to 60 mg/kg. These results document that piperacillin is subject to dose-dependent pharmacokinetics. Capacity-limited kinetics is a property shared by other ureidopenicillins. PMID- 6212205 TI - In vitro comparative activity of moxalactam, GR 20263, and N-formimidoyl thienamycin to other beta-lactam antibiotics and tobramycin against enterobacteriaceae and staphylococci. AB - The in vitro activities of moxalactam, GR 20263, and N-formimidoyl thienamycin were compared to those of cephalothin, cefazolin, cefamandole, cefoxitin, and tobramycin against 152 strains of Enterobacteriaceae and staphylococci. The results showed that moxalactam, GR 20263, and N-formimidoyl thienamycin each had significantly improved activity toward the gram-negative organisms tested compared to the other beta-lactams and tobramycin. N-formimidoyl thienamycin was particularly impressive with respect to its activity toward Staphylococcus aureus and S. epidermidis as compared to moxalactam, GR 20263 and the older beta-lactam drugs. PMID- 6212206 TI - Acquisition of basic object categories by severely handicapped children. AB - The present study was designed to investigate category acquisition (a) as a function of initial exposure to only good exemplars as opposed to exemplars varying in goodness-of-example and (b) as a function of exposure to single as opposed to multiple exemplars. This research was undertaken within the framework of the best-example theory of categorization. Severely handicapped prelinguistic children and teenagers were selected as subjects because of the extreme difficulty they experience in generalizing. Experimental control was obtained through a repeated-measures Latin square design. The data indicated that training based on 1 or more good exemplars resulted in significantly more accurate generalization than training with a range of exemplars. In fact, training with a range of exemplars did not result in generalization above chance levels. Training based on multiple good exemplars tended to lead to more accurate generalization than training based on a single good exemplar. The results are explained in the context of the best-example theory and are briefly related to teaching practices. PMID- 6212207 TI - An evaluation of peritoneoscopy. An analysis of 600 cases. PMID- 6212209 TI - [Laparoscopic sterilization with Falope ring (a preliminary report of 220 cases) (author's transl)]. PMID- 6212210 TI - [Preliminary experience in clinical application of X-ray stereoscopic television (author's transl)]. PMID- 6212208 TI - [Electroanalgesia in recurrent lumbago and lumbosciatalgia]. PMID- 6212211 TI - [Gray scale ultrasonic and X-ray diagnosis of primary carcinoma of the gallbladder (author's transl)]. PMID- 6212212 TI - [Colon's filiform polyposis (two case report) (author's transl)]. PMID- 6212213 TI - [X-ray findings of inflammatory pseudotumors of the lung and pleura (report of 30 cases) (author's transl)]. PMID- 6212215 TI - [X-ray diagnosis and differential diagnosis of leiomyoma of esophagus (author's transl)]. PMID- 6212214 TI - [X-ray diagnosis of schistosomiasis haematopia of the GU tract (analysis of 112 cases) (author's transl)]. PMID- 6212216 TI - [X-ray diagnosis of smooth muscle tumors of esophagus (author's transl)]. PMID- 6212217 TI - [Bone mineral measurement by radiographic method. I. Method and normal ulna bone mineral measurement (author's transl)]. PMID- 6212218 TI - [Radiological observation of the skeletal changes of trisomy 21 (author's transl)]. PMID- 6212219 TI - [Major X-ray signs of endemic fluorosis of bone and their pathological basis (author's transl)]. PMID- 6212220 TI - [Myositis ossificans progressiva (author's transl)]. PMID- 6212221 TI - [Roentgen diagnosis of chromophobe adenomas of the pituitary gland (author's transl)]. PMID- 6212222 TI - [Certain problems in X-ray diagnosis of pituitary adenoma (author's transl)]. PMID- 6212223 TI - [Pseudohypoparathyroidism syndrome (author's transl)]. PMID- 6212224 TI - [The characteristics and clinical application of high speed intensifying screen made from barium fluorochloride europium (author's transl)]. PMID- 6212226 TI - [Analysis of esophageal cancer patients without local residual tumor after radiation (author's transl)]. PMID- 6212225 TI - [Superficial X-ray treatment of cutaneous haemangioma in children (author's transl)]. PMID- 6212227 TI - [The evaluation of birth scintigraphy in the diagnosis of post-operative recurrence of intracranial tumors (author's transl)]. PMID- 6212228 TI - [Roentgenologic study of skeletal fluorosis in children (author's transl)]. PMID- 6212229 TI - [The complications seen in 750 cases of peritoneoscopy and their clinical significance (author's transl)]. PMID- 6212230 TI - [Clinicopathological analysis of chronic cor pulmonale: a study of 42 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 6212231 TI - Pharmacokinetic and clinical evaluation of moxalactam in infants and children. AB - 37 patients ranging in age from 9 months to 14 years, with various infections, were treated with moxalactam. The pharmacokinetics of the drug were studied in 18 patients. The mean plasma concentration 1 h after a 25 mg/kg intravenous dose was 41.4 micrograms/ml +/- 15.6 SD, the half-life was 1.5 h +/- 0.4 SD and the mean Vd was 550 ml/kg +/- 239 SD. The total body clearance of moxalactam was 4.1 ml/min/kg +/- 1.5 SD and the mean renal clearance 4.5 ml/min/kg +/- 2.8 SD. Between 52 and 107% of the administered dose was recovered in the urine within 8 h after administration. The pharmacokinetics after the first and multiple doses of moxalactam were similar, indicating no accumulation of the drug with repeated administration. The clinical response was adequate in 35 of 37 patients. Moxalactam was well tolerated and only minor and transient hematological abnormalities were observed. PMID- 6212232 TI - [Quantitative evaluation of the splitting of DNA repetitive sequences from the genome of hybrid lambda phages]. PMID- 6212233 TI - [Arterial occlusion following angioplasty treated with local administration of streptokinase]. PMID- 6212235 TI - New methods of endoscopic diagnosis of digestive tract diseases in the Soviet Union. AB - The development of new methods and apparatus for laparoscopy and investigations of the small and large intestine makes it possible considerably to extend the boundaries of examinations. The method of fistuloscopy makes it possible to obtain more precise information about the branching and presence of cavities which cannot be seen during routine fistulography. The described methods and instruments are a stage on the road towards further improvement of the potentialities of endoscopy. PMID- 6212234 TI - Activation and transport of fatty acids in ovarian mitochondria: effect of Lh. AB - Enzymes of fatty acid activation and transport were studied in luteinized rat ovaries. Luteal mitochondria were found to contain high levels of palmitoyl-CoA synthetase and carnitine palmitoyl-transferase activities. In addition, studies on the effect of palmitate concentration on palmitoyl-CoA synthetase activity revealed the possible existence of two forms of the enzyme: Km values of 0.34 mM and 21.33 mM, with Vmax of 3.64 and 66.67 nmoles/min/mg mitochondrial protein respectively, were obtained for the two activities. Similar kinetic data for carnitine palmitoyl-transferase activity in intact mitochondria are a Km of 21 microM and a Vmax of 18.2 nmoles/min/mg mitochondrial protein. Only one activity of this enzyme could be detected in luteal mitochondria. It appears that the activities of both enzymes were not affected by prior administration of LH in vivo. The possibility that this negative finding was due to the experimental procedures employed, rather than a reflection of the situation in vivo, could not be discounted, although its more likely that these two enzymes are probably not locus of LH stimulation. The results indicate that fatty acid oxidation is an important metabolic capability of luteal mitochondria, and support the view regarding the lipid nature of the respiratory fuel of ovarian tissue. PMID- 6212237 TI - The interaction of the A and A* proteins of bacteriophage phi X174 with single stranded and double-stranded phi X DNA in vitro. AB - The binding of the bacteriophage phi X 174-coded A and A* proteins to single stranded (ssDNA) and double-stranded (dsDNA ) phi X DNA was studied by electron microscopy. The interaction of the A* protein with ssDNA and dsDNA was also studied by sedimentation velocity centrifugation. It was shown that the binding of the A and A* proteins to ssDNA occurs in a non-cooperative manner and requires no or very little sequence specificity under the conditions used here. Both protein-ssDNA complexes have the same compact structure caused by intrastrand cross-linking through the interaction of protein molecules with separate parts of the ssDNA molecule. The A protein does not bind to phi X dsDNA in the absence of divalent cations. The A* protein does bind to dsDNA, although it has a strong preference for binding to ssDNA. The structure of the A* protein-dsDNA complexes is different from that of the A* protein-ssDNA complexes, as the former have a rosette-like structure caused by protein-protein interactions. High ionic strengths favour the formation of large condensed aggregates. PMID- 6212236 TI - Mithramycin- and triethylene melamine- induced sperm abnormalities in Lakeview hamsters. AB - The sperm abnormality-inducing action of two potential mutagenic agents mithramycin and triethylene melamine (TEM), in inbred Lakeview hamsters was studied and results compared with similar investigations in mouse. Test hamsters received subacute intraperitoneal exposures ranging from 0.01 to 0.25 mg/kg body weight with either agent for 5 consecutive days. Testis weights, epididymal sperm numbers, and body weights were also monitored at weeks 1, 4, and 10 after treatment. Mithramycin-treated hamsters showed 21 times more sperm abnormalities than control (25% vs. 1.2%) whereas TEM elevated sperm abnormalities by eight fold. The frequency and type of aberrant sperm varied with dose and time, being the highest at weeks 1 or 4, rather than week 10, with either agent. Sperm number and testis weights remained depressed considerably from 4 to 10 weeks after treatment with either agent. Body weights in chemically treated hamsters remained within 28% of control for the test period. Even though our findings were in general agreement with those reported for mouse, the magnitude of the response and the stage of spermatogenic sensitivity in the chemical induction of sperm abnormalities in the two species were different. PMID- 6212239 TI - Prognostic factors in Huntington's disease of early onset. PMID- 6212238 TI - Symmetrical perfusion defects without pulmonary embolism. PMID- 6212240 TI - A comparison of the requirements for antitumour activity and antibacteriophage lambda activity for a series of non-intercalative DNA-binding agents. AB - A series of non-intercalative DNA-binding agents, comprising mainly bisquaternary ammonium heterocyclic compounds, has been found to inhibit strongly the production of bacteriophage lambda following its induction in Escherichia coli. The inhibition is much greater than that found with a number of DNA intercalating agents, including 9-aminoacridine, ethidium and Daunorubicin. The inhibition correlated significantly with antitumour effect, as measured in a life extension assay with L1210 leukaemia. Activity in both biological systems demanded the presence of strongly charged groups and a rigid co-planar aromatic skeleton, these requirements being almost identical to those needed to displace ethidium efficiently from DNA in a simple assay system. It is suggested that biological activity is associated with the ability of these agents to bind in the minor groove of the DNA double helix. Data on the antibacteriophage action of one of these agents suggests possible models for antitumour activity. PMID- 6212241 TI - Policy issues in special education for migrant students. PMID- 6212242 TI - Educating handicapped migrants: issues and options. PMID- 6212243 TI - A study of the implementation of Public Law 94-142 for handicapped migrant children. PMID- 6212244 TI - The ECS Interstate Migrant Education Project. PMID- 6212245 TI - Issues in the education of migrants and other mobile handicapped students. PMID- 6212246 TI - Educating migrant students: the paraprofessional component. PMID- 6212247 TI - Time management training for providers of special services. PMID- 6212248 TI - Judgment under uncertainty: how many children are handicapped? PMID- 6212249 TI - A statewide network for training special education paraprofessionals. PMID- 6212250 TI - Differential perceptions of role responsibilities among professionals in the public school. PMID- 6212251 TI - Bilingual vocational education for handicapped students. PMID- 6212252 TI - Survey of special education coursework in school psychology training programs. PMID- 6212253 TI - Modifying teacher trainers' attitudes toward mainstreaming. PMID- 6212254 TI - Mercuric chloride induced autoimmune disease in Brown-Norway rats: sequential search for anti-basement membrane antibodies and circulating immune complexes. AB - Mercuric chloride induces in the Brown-Norway rat a biphasic autoimmune disease characterized initially by linear IgG deposits along the glomerular basement membrane followed later by granular IgG deposition. In the present study, anti glomerular basement membrane antibodies and immune complex-like material were sequentially assessed in serial serum samples. Both were transiently found at the same period. Glomerular linear IgG deposits were present on day 11 but circulating anti-glomerular basement membrane antibodies were only found later on day 16. Circulating immune complexes were first detectable on day 8 before the earliest granular IgG deposits were first observed in the spleen vessels on day 16. The disappearance of circulating anti-glomerular basement membrane antibodies and of circulating immune complexes, although HgCl2 injections were pursued, is in agreement with the self-limited character of mercuric chloride induced autoimmune disease and suggests the induction of immunosuppressive mechanisms. PMID- 6212256 TI - Phenotype of human T helper and suppressor cells in an in vitro specific antibody response. AB - Monoclonal anti-human T cell antibodies have been used to identify cells which provide help for an in vitro specific antibody response to influenza virus and also those which suppress the response of allogeneic peripheral blood mononuclear cells. The helper cells carry antigens defined by the Leu 3a and OKT4-antisera, whereas the suppressor cells are predominantly Leu 2a- and OKT8-positive. Help and suppression in this secondary in vitro antibody response are therefore provided by antigenically distinct T cell subsets. PMID- 6212255 TI - Ontogeny of acquired immunological tolerance to H-2 alloantigens. AB - The ontogeny of mixed lymphocyte reaction and cell-mediated lymphocytotoxicity (CML) responsiveness was studied in mice that had been neonatally tolerized by the injection of 15 X 10(6) semiallogeneic bone marrow and spleen cells, and compared to that of unprimed littermates. Spleen cells from primed mice did not develop reactivity towards the tolerizing antigen but did develop reactivity towards third-party alloantigens. Similarily, thymus cells from primed mice also failed to develop CML reactivity towards the tolerizing antigen. Thymus cell mixed lymphocyte reactivity, which was demonstrable in neonates before the tolerizing injection, declined rapidly between 2 and 4 days of age, compared to that of controls. Thus neonatal tolerance was shown to operate at least at a thymic, and perhaps pre-thymic level; measurement of the levels of chimeric cells in the thymus and bone marrow favored the latter interpretation. PMID- 6212257 TI - Suppression of T cell responses through competition for T cell growth factor (interleukin 2). AB - Addition of activated T cells or of cells from a cytotoxic T cell clone to mixed leukocyte cultures abolished the generation of cytolytic activity in these cultures. The cytolytic T cell response is completely restored if T cell growth factor (interleukin 2) is added, indicating that the suppression is due to absorption or consumption of IL2 by the added cells. PMID- 6212258 TI - Regulation of in vitro cytotoxic T lymphocyte generation. II. Demonstration of noncytotoxic alloantigen-specific suppressor T lymphocytes. AB - Both allospecific suppressor T lymphocytes (TsS) and nonspecific suppressor T lymphocytes (TsN) are activated in alloantigen-stimulated mixed leukocyte cultures (MLC). TsS and TsN can suppress cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) induction upon transfer to fresh (second) MLC stimulated by the same alloantigens as in the first MLC (TsS or TsN) or by third-party alloantigens (TsN only). Evidence that TsS and TsN functions are performed by different T cell sets has been restricted to radioresistance of the former but not the latter. Separation of TsS from CTL has proven even more difficult. Methods are reported here which have allowed in vitro induction and functional separation of TsS from CTL and TsN in a totally allogeneic system. TsS are resistant to combined exposure to pyrilamine, a histamine1 antagonist and local anesthetic, during suppressor cell induction, and to X or gamma irradiation thereafter, while CTL precursors (CTL-P) and TsN are more sensitive to such treatments. This allowed us to use these treatments to generate TsS that are not contaminated with functional CTL, CTL-P or TsN. These data show that TsS regulate CTL induction by interacting with responding cell populations, rather than by cytotoxic depletion of stimulator cells. PMID- 6212259 TI - Analysis of low natural killer cell activity in 89Sr-treated mice. AB - Treatment of mice with the long-lived bone-seeking radioisotope 89Sr results in the selective irradiation and destruction of the bone marrow. This is accompanied by a marked reduction in natural killer cell activity against YAC-1 lymphoma [NK(YAC-1)]. To test for the presence of cellular suppressors of NK(YAC-1) in 89Sr-treated mice, in vitro and in vivo cell mixture protocols were used. In vitro, we did not observe any specific inhibitory effect of spleen cells from 89Sr-treated mice on NK(YAC-1) activity of normal spleen cells. The NK(YAC-1) activity of 89Sr-treated mice, measured in vivo by their ability to clear radiolabeled YAC-1 cells from the lungs, was impaired. However, spleen cells from 89Sr-treated mice, when adoptively transferred with normal spleen cells, failed to inhibit the NK(YAC-1) activity of the latter in the lung clearance assay. Further, when normal spleen cells were injected into 89Sr-treated mice, the ability of the transferred cells to mediate in vivo activity was not suppressed in the 89Sr-treated host. These experiments support the suggestion that the low NK(YAC-1) activity in 89Sr-treated mice is not mediated by suppressor cells, but may be due to the destruction of the marrow microenvironment which is essential for the generation of functional NK(YAC-1) cells. PMID- 6212260 TI - Histochemical evidence for the existence of skeletofusimotor (beta) innervation in the primate. AB - A total of ten alpha motor axons which innervated the peroneus brevis muscle were isolated in two cynomolgus monkeys. In each experiment, the isolated alpha axons were stimulated collectively to deplete glycogen from their muscle units. The muscle was then frozen quickly , cut serially, and stained for glycogen. Of the 52 muscle spindles that were examined, zones of glycogen depletion were found in the intrafusal fibres of 32 spindles. The glycogen-depleted motor units included both fast-twitch and slow-twitch types. Depleted zones were observed in all three types of intrafusal muscle fibres. It was concluded that skeletofusimotor (beta) efferents were among the stimulated motor axons. This finding constitutes the first anatomical evidence for the existence of beta innervation in the primate. PMID- 6212261 TI - Reciprocal excitation of muscle antagonists by the primary afferent pathway. PMID- 6212262 TI - Effects of denervation on the distribution of myosin isozymes in skeletal muscle fibers. PMID- 6212263 TI - Exercise-induced changes of biochemical, histochemical and contractile properties of muscle in cordotomized kittens. PMID- 6212264 TI - Red blood cell glutathione peroxidase in simple trisomy 21 and translocation 21/22. PMID- 6212265 TI - Effect of ascorbic acid on biotransformation and modification of the toxicity of mercurials in goldfish (Carassius auratus). PMID- 6212266 TI - Enzyme activities of a cold-resistant L cell variant. PMID- 6212267 TI - Butylhydroxylamine inhibits H+-driven ATP synthesis of the TF1 .Fo-ATPase incorporated into liposomes. PMID- 6212268 TI - Human ovum recovery via operative laparoscopy and in vitro fertilization. AB - Between January 1979 and December 1980, 142 laparoscopies were performed on 114 patients with long-standing tubal factor infertility. Twenty-eight were performed during spontaneous menstrual cycles, 20 following continuous human menopausal gonadotropin/human chorionic gonadotropin (hMG/hCG) therapy, and 94 following intermittent hMG/hCG stimulation. Follicular ripeness was judged by multiple criteria, which were also used to time the laparoscopy. Operative procedures were performed in all cases and follicular puncture was attempted in all but 16 subjects, where adhesions prevented access to the ovaries. In 28 spontaneous cycles, 28 follicles were punctured and 17 ova recovered; whereas in the 98 patients where ovulation was stimulated, 217 follicles were punctured and 43 ova collected. Following in vitro fertilization with the husband's spermatozoa and embryo culture, pronucleus formation, 2-cell, 4-cell, 8-cell, and 16-cell stages were observed in 18 oocytes obtained from 17 patients. Embryo transfer has, however, not yet been performed. PMID- 6212269 TI - [The effect of trilostane, a new inhibitor of adrenal steroid biosynthesis, on blood pressure, plasma aldosterone and other steroid hormones, serum potassium and plasma renin activity in primary aldosteronism (author's transl)]. AB - Six patients with primary aldosteronism (PA), one with idiopathic hyperaldosteronism (IHA), one with glucocorticoid responsible hyperaldosteronism (GRHA) and eight with essential hypertension (EH) were treated with trilostane (MWD-1822) (4 alpha, 5-epoxy-17 beta-hydroxy-3-oxo-5 alpha-androstane-2 alpha carbonitrile), an inhibitor of adrenal steroid biosynthesis, for 9-47 days with a daily dose of 30-960 mg. Blood pressure decreased slightly and gradually from 30 min. to 360 min, plasma aldosterone (PAC) and cortisol concentration (F) decreased, and plasma dehydroepiandrosterone concentration (DHEA) increased 120 min. after the administration of a single dose of 120 mg of trilostane. In the patients with PA, IHA and GRHA on long term therapy with trilostane, blood pressure decreased, PAC and F were depleted, serum improved within normal limits and DHEA increased, but plasma progesterone concentration (Prog.) changed variously and plasma renin activity (PRA) remained suppressed. In the patients with EH, systolic pressure decreased in 5 out of 8 (under - 20 mmHg), and diastolic pressure decreased in 3 out of 8 (under - 10 mmHg), DHEA increased in all, but the changes in serum potassium, PAC, F, Prog. and PRA were various. There was no remarkable reaction after the administration of trilostane. It is concluded that trilostane is an effective inhibitor of 3-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in vivo and that it is useful in the treatment of primary aldosteronism and other hypertension due to hyperproduction of aldosterone. PMID- 6212270 TI - [The adverse effects of thioureylene antithyroid drugs (author's transl)]. AB - The aims of the present study were to investigate the incidence of adverse effects of thioureylene antithyroid drugs and to see if there were any factors related to the development of the adverse effects. Methimazole or propylthiouracil was administered to 151 patients with Graves disease; 76 untreated cases and 75 treated cases. The overall incidence was 22.4% among the 76 untreated cases. The incidences were 26.7% (13/45 cases) for methimazole and 16.1% (5/31 cases) for propylthiouracil, respectively, which were significantly higher than those previously reported. Fourteen out of 17 cases with the adverse effects were given the other thioureylene. The successive incidence of the adverse effects was 28.6% (4 cases), which was not significantly different from that under the drug of first choice. The result suggests that methimazole and propylthiouracil may not have cross-reaction each other. On the other hand, antinuclear antibody and anti-DNA antibody became positive in 2 out of the 4 cases. It would be a significant phenomenon, since antinuclear antibody was positive in only 3% of cases before the drug treatment. Thus, an immunological mechanism seemed to be involved in the problems, although there was no correlation between antithyroid autoantibodies and the development of the adverse effects. The adverse effects were observed within 2 months of administration of less than 250 tablets in total in most of the cases. The results imply that allergic mechanism rather than accumulating or toxic effect may concern the development of adverse effects of the thioureylenes. PMID- 6212271 TI - Skin lesions in chronic alcoholic pancreatitis. PMID- 6212272 TI - The efficacy of a topical preparation containing erythromycin in the treatment of acne. PMID- 6212273 TI - Studies on the chicken lymphocyte receptor for aggregated IgG. AB - Chicken lymphocytes isolated from different lymphoid organs were analyzed for Fc IgG receptor by binding of heat aggregated IgG (agg IgG) in the indirect immunofluorescence test. The binding of agg IgG was shown to be specific for Fc IgG receptor, since IgM and F(ab')2 fractions were bound to the lymphocytes in a much less degree. The highest frequency of agg IgG binding cells, almost 100%, was found in the bursa of Fabricius. In contrast to bursa, only a small percentage of thymus cells bound agg IgG. Dose-dependent experiments showed that binding of agg IgG to thymus cells takes place only at high concentrations of the aggregates whereas bursa cells bind agg IgG also at low concentrations. The finding indicates the existence of high and low avidity agg IgG receptors and/or different density of Fc receptors on bursa and thymus cells. A far lower percentage of EA rosette forming cells than of agg IgG binding cells in the various lymphoid organs may depend on the existence of two different Fc IgG receptors on the chicken lymphocytes. PMID- 6212274 TI - Diagnosis of intrauterine fetal growth retardation by prolongation of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHAS) half-life after DHAS loading. AB - In the last trimester of pregnancy, a correlation was established between the serum dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHAS) half-life of the mother (n = 40) after DHAS loading (50 mg i.v.) and the birth weight percentile of the newborn. The DHAS half-life in pregnancies with normal fetal growth (greater than 10th percentile) was found to be 3.76 +/- 0.91 h (mean +/- SD) (n = 29) and in pregnancies with small-for-date babies (less than 10th percentile) was assessed to be 6.03 +/- 0.63 h (mean +/- SD) (n = 10) (P less than 0.001). Retrospective diagnosis of an intrauterine fetal growth retardation or normal fetal growth was based on a DHAS halflife threshold of 4.7 h. Retarded fetal growth was detected in all cases (10/10) by prolonged DHAS half-life (greater than r.7 h). Regular fetal growth was diagnosed in 90% of the cases (27/30) by a DHAS half-life of less than 4.7 h. In two out of these 30 pregnancies, an unexpected prolongation of DHAS half-life (greater than 4.7 h) led to the false diagnosis of poor fetal growth. In one patient, no DHAS half-life could be calculated due to a parabolic decline of the DHAS concentration curve. Indications for the DHAS test are diagnosis of an ultrasonographically symmetric intrauterine fetal growth retardation (biparietal and thoracic diameters) in cases with an indefinite gestational age. Furthermore, consistently low urinary excretion was clarified with particular respect to cases of placental sulphatase deficiency. PMID- 6212275 TI - Timing, localization, and control of wheat germ agglutinin synthesis in developing wheat embryos. PMID- 6212276 TI - Motor development and performance of severely mentally handicapped people. PMID- 6212277 TI - The motorized wheelchair: new freedom, new responsibility and new problems. PMID- 6212279 TI - Circulating immune complexes and the pathogenesis of primary biliary cirrhosis. PMID- 6212278 TI - Evidence against an immune complex pathogenesis of primary biliary cirrhosis. PMID- 6212280 TI - [The rational application of endocrinological and radiological methods in the differential diagnosis of hirsutism in women (author's transl)]. AB - The intensity and duration of the clinical symptoms and signs determine the type and spectrum of the necessary and essential diagnostic measures in women with signs of hirsutism. Women with specific disease entities and women who desire pregnancy are in a different category. When severe signs of adrogenization (virilism) and obvious progression are noted the hormones testosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone (T and DS) must be determined in the peripheral blood. When the peripheral testosterone value exceeds 1.5 ng/ml and when the peripheraldihydroepiandrosterone value exceeds 7000 ng/ml the existence of a virilizing tumour must be excluded as soon as possible. The exclusion or localization of a small androgen producing tumour can be achieved with the greatest certainty with selective catherization. In patients with mild androgenization a specific diagnostic work-up is not necessary. PMID- 6212281 TI - Changes in brain 5-hydroxytryptamine metabolism induced by hypobaric hypoxia. AB - 1. 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) level was measured in hypothalamus, striatum and the rest of the brain of rats exposed to 1800, 5200 and 7000 m simulated altitudes. 2. Moderate hypobaric hypoxia failed to modify 5-HT level, whereas severe hypoxia reduced the amine level by about 30%. 3. Treatment with a synthesis blocking agent (PCPA) revealed a dual effect of hypoxia on the 5-HT elimination. Increased elimination observed at 1800 m was attributed to the hypoxia-induced stress and the decrease (at 5200 and 7000 m) indicated the predominance of enzymatic inhibition. 4. It was assumed that tryptophan hydroxylase was more sensitive than monoamine oxidase to a high hypobaric hypoxia. PMID- 6212282 TI - Effects of alloxan and streptozotocin at high doses on blood glucose levels, glucose tolerance, and responsiveness to sulphonylureas in chickens. PMID- 6212283 TI - [Physiological evaluation of the body function of technical school students on days devoted to theoretical or vocational instruction]. PMID- 6212284 TI - [Methodological problems of studying and predicting the sanitary conditions of water consumption in an area of large industrial complexes]. PMID- 6212285 TI - [Environmental protection problems in an area of iodine-producing factories]. PMID- 6212287 TI - [Health education characteristics and effectiveness among the nationalities of the Kola Peninsula in the Far North]. PMID- 6212286 TI - [Basis for an efficient work regimen in the chemical industry]. PMID- 6212288 TI - [Problems of the sanitary protection of the water supply sources with the use of poisonous chemicals in agriculture]. PMID- 6212289 TI - [Work experience of an epidemiological health station toxicological laboratory]. PMID- 6212290 TI - [Preservation of the virulence of typhoid and paratyphoid bacteria in sewage and soil in a hot climate]. PMID- 6212291 TI - [Ergonomic assessment of the work place of a building crane operator]. PMID- 6212292 TI - [Physiological and hygiene aspects of the work activities of the machine milking operators on cattle-raising farms]. PMID- 6212293 TI - [Physiological and hygiene characteristics of the working conditions for workers in the main jobs of cotton gins]. PMID- 6212294 TI - [Morphological changes in the abdominal wall blood vessels in EPG gestosis]. PMID- 6212295 TI - [Dynamics of pulmonary perfusion in the postembolism period]. PMID- 6212296 TI - Estradiol, androstenedione, testosterone, and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate in the ovarian and peripheral blood of postmenopausal patients with and without endometrial cancer. PMID- 6212297 TI - Estrogen receptors in human uterine adenocarcinoma: correlation with tissue differentiation, vaginal karyopycnotic index, and effect of progestogen or anti estrogen treatment. PMID- 6212298 TI - Technique for stepwise reduction of uterine blood flow in the chronically prepared pregnant sheep. PMID- 6212299 TI - Urinary mucopolysaccharide excretion in women with pelvic inflammatory disease. PMID- 6212300 TI - Contractile protein studies on platelets from patients with idiopathic scoliosis. AB - Measurements of total proteins, myosin, actin, actin-binding protein, and ATPase activity of myosin were examined in platelets from patients with idiopathic scoliosis and from healthy individuals. Abnormalities in the distribution of total and contractile proteins were revealed after fractionations. The insoluble fraction of the patients' platelets had a higher, and the cytosol fraction had a lower than normal protein content. Similar differences were observed in the specific activity of myosin ATPase. These findings show that in patients with idiopathic scoliosis platelet defects exist and that their study might be useful in research of the disease. PMID- 6212301 TI - [Unusual presentations of aortic aneurysm]. PMID- 6212302 TI - [The significance of individual angiographic features in the evaluation of hypovascular renal lesions. Part I (author's transl)]. AB - Fifty malignant and 50 benign renal lesions, with an hypovascular pattern, were classified into four groups on the basis of their vascular morphology. Three of these groups consisted of circumscribed masses distinguished as avascular lesions, lesions with peripheral vascularity and lesions with central vascularity. The fourth group consisted of diffuse or multicentric hypovascular lesions, which were also space-occupying. This grouping confirmed that histologically similar processes can produce widely differing vascular patterns and that they were therefore found in all groups (polymorphy). On the other hand, masses of different aetiology could show practically identical vascular patterns (isomorphy). In order to reduce errors in the diagnosis of hypovascular lesions, the value of individual features was analysed. Part I of this paper deals with the angiographic changes within the tumour. An analysis of the frequency of various phenomena in malignant and benign lesions (total index) permitted conclusions concerning their diagnostic value. PMID- 6212303 TI - [Functional control of the renal transplant via sequential computerized tomography. First results (author's transl)]. AB - The enhancement of cortex medulla and arteria iliaca can be visualized separately, evaluated densitometrically and represented graphically by means of sequential computerized tomography of the renal transplant following intravenous contrast medium bolus injection. Since this enhancement performance is mainly dependent on perfusion, it is possible to determine the perfusion value of individual measurement areas. For example, a cortical defective perfusion, as is known in rejection, becomes evident as a flattening-out of the initial rise of cortex enhancement and can be distinguished from the largely normal type of curve obtained in acute tubular necrosis (ATN). The angiographically known prolonged "wash-out time' in rejection corresponds to a long-lasting corticomedullary density gradient. Despite restricted informative value because of the relatively small number of patients, it appears that sequential computerized tomography enables differentiation of postoperative anuria. PMID- 6212304 TI - [Haemodynamic effects of intraarterial contrast injections (author's transl)]. AB - Intra-arterial contrast injections have well known systemic and pulmonary vascular effects; in addition there are local haemodynamic changes which begin immediately after the injection and last for several seconds. Three phases can be recognised: Phase 1 Increased flow, pressure and turbulence due to transmission of kinetic energy from the contrast medium to the vessel contents. Phase 2 Reduced flow due to the high viscosity of the contrast medium. Phase 3 Increased flow, probably a pharmacological results produced by contrast (osmolarity). The effects of contrast injection can be altered by changes to the catheter or to the properties of the contrast medium. This has practical consequences for injection techniques and for flow measurements. While assessing the clinical usefulness of the "spill over" flow measurements described by Olin and Redman in 1966, we concluded that the haemodynamic effects of the contrast lead to significant falsification of the measurements, and this also has some significance for the performance of angiography. We have therefore studied this phenomenon, its causes and the factors which influence it, on a model and in animal experiments. In order to quantify changes in flow caused by the injection during animal experiments, a study was carried out on the effects of contrast media on electromagnetic measurements. PMID- 6212305 TI - [Changes in thyroid function following iodine-containing contrast administration in patients in an endemic goitre area (author's transl)]. AB - A prospective study of thyroid function after the administration of iodine containing radiographic contrast media was carried out on 119 patients from an area where goitres are endemic. Eighteen patients had a negative TRH test after 28 days. 27.9% of patients after oral cholecystography, 15.1% of patients after intravenous cholangiography and 5.3% of patients after infusion urography, showed hyperthyroid function. In these patients, thyroxin and triiodothyronine levels were higher than in euthyroid patients. Thyroid stimulating antibodies could not be demonstrated. Induction of hyperthyroidism by iodine is considered to be due to autonomy of the thyroid gland parenchyma. For this reason the risk of iodine induced hyperthyroidism is greater in patients from a goitre endemic region (by a factor of 1.3 to 17.1). PMID- 6212306 TI - [Radiological findings in lipoid proteinosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 6212307 TI - [Catheter myelography: animal experiments on myelography at different levels and selective radioculography (author's transl)]. PMID- 6212308 TI - [Neuroradiology of the normal and pathological anatomy of the rat brain.--III Morphology and growth behaviour of experimental brain tumours following radiation therapy (author's transl)]. AB - Radiation induced (30 Gy) morphological changes of experimental malignant brain tumors, which were produced by chemical carcinogenesis, were investigated by microangiography and correlated with the histological findings in 62 BD-IX-rats. In randomized groups the investigations were performed 2, 3, 6 and 8 weeks after the radiation was finished. Morphologically different reactions could be differentiated: remissions or partial recovery of the tumors, rest or recurrent tumor and uninfluenced tumor growth. The characteristic findings, the reasons for different courses and possible conclusions concerning the radiotherapeutical effect are discussed. PMID- 6212309 TI - [Radiological evaluation of a new method for gastric replacement by the interposition of an isoanisoperistaltic jejunal segment (author's transl)]. AB - The method of reconstruction following total gastrectomy decisively influences early and late post-operative results. The ideal form of reconstruction would create a reservoir resembling a stomach, it would prolong intestinal transit time, preserve orthograde passage through the duodenum, prevent reflux of bile into the oesophagus, and should not be very difficult technically. A new method of gastric replacement and its radiological investigation is described. The passage from the oesophagus to the duodenum is reconstructed by the interposition of an iso- and anisoperistaltic jejunal segment. The iso- and anisoperistaltic segments result in contrary movements which can be divided into various basic types. Type I is by far the most common form, comprising 70% of the patients examined; it shows characteristic to-and-fro motion of the food-contrast mixture, resulting in a reservoir function of the isoperistaltic segment and intermittent emptying into the duodenum. In type II, incomplete local ring contractions can be observed in the isoperistaltic segment, with reservoir function and intermittent emptying. In type III emptying results from overflow. The operative technique and clinical results are described. PMID- 6212310 TI - [Membraneous stenosis of the upper oesophagus (webs) (author's transl)]. PMID- 6212311 TI - [Radiological biliary tract diagnosis after cholecystectomy. I. Quantitative hepato-biliary functional scintigraphy (HBFS) (author's transl)]. AB - Quantitative hepato-biliary functional scintigraphy (HBFS) determines the post hepatic, ie. biliary, passage of diethyl-IDA through the liver and bile ducts. Time-activity curves of representative regions of the liver parenchyma and hilum are obtained. Subtraction of the parenchymal curve from the hilum curve produces a hilum flow curve, which provides an accurate measure of flow through the main biliary ducts. It allows one to differentiate the dynamic effects of various post hepatic forms of obstruction. Dyskinesia and retention can be defined as pathological phenomena in a new way; dyskinesia is defined as intermittent flow, retention as delayed flow of bile into the duodenum. The method is only useful after removal of the gall bladder. The information provided is independent of the shape and size of the selected regions. PMID- 6212312 TI - [Improved quality of thyroid scintigrams by using a gamma camera with pin-hole collimator (author's transl)]. PMID- 6212313 TI - [Periosteal desmoid of the metaphysis; differential diagnosis from malignant bone tumours by bone scintigrams (author's transl)]. PMID- 6212314 TI - [The differential diagnosis of primary and secondary tumours of the sternum (author's transl)]. PMID- 6212315 TI - [Investigations on contrast values in mammography (author's transl)]. AB - Measurements of the spectral distribution of x-rays using a Si(Li)-detector form the basis for an investigation into contrast values provided by molybdenum and tungsten tubes in mammography. In order to evaluate contrast, the intensity of the characteristic radiation and of the brems rays were related to anode kV and thickness of section; the spectral intensity was then calculated for small calcium inclusions in soft tissues. For average tissue thickness (4 cm.) and an anode working at 30 kV, the molybdenum tube with a molybdenum filter is significantly better than a tungsten tube. With increasing size of breast, hardening of the radiation also increases, until for practical purposes contrast is determined by the brems rays alone. At this stage there is only little difference between the molybdenum and tungsten spectrum, and in the resultant contrast. PMID- 6212316 TI - [Demonstration of non-metallic foreign bodies by conventional x-ray techniques and computer tomography. Absorption coefficient of glass, plastic and wood (author's transl)]. AB - Densitometric measurements were carried out on various types of glass, plastic and wood in order to determine the scope of computer tomography in detecting nonmetallic foreign bodies. CT was superior to conventional film techniques for localising glass when situated near bone. Densitometry of plastic materials showed wide variation of these substances and the results hae been tabulated. Heavy polymers exceeded +200 H, light synthetic materials were between 0 and -100 H. Computer tomographic absorption measurements of wood showed that the density depended on its water content. Measurements of different types of wood, with different degrees of hydration, showed that changes in density could be brought about by incorporation of fluid into the wood. PMID- 6212317 TI - [Computer tomographic investigation of ancient Egyptian mummies (author's transl)]. PMID- 6212318 TI - [Radiological interpretation: the 'step-child' in radiology (author's transl)]. PMID- 6212320 TI - [Indirect measurements of the spectral distribution of x-rays (author's transl)]. PMID- 6212321 TI - [Multiple lung gummata]. PMID- 6212319 TI - [The value of radiometry in the treatment planning of inoperable carcinomas of the cervix (author's transl)]. AB - A retrospective study of 731 patients with carcinoma of the cervix in various stages showed that recurrences were most common in patients treated with combined local radium application and irradiation of the parametrium. The basis for radiation treatment planning had been radiometry after the radium application. A comparison of the position of the uterus as shown by this method with computer tomography carried out in 40 patients in the position used for irradiation showed that in more than half these patients there was a significant difference in the results. It therefore appears that it is necessary to determine the position of the uterus by computer tomography in all patients if the applicator deviates from the median line by more than 10 degrees and if the parametrium is not fixed. Frequently it is possible, at an advanced stage, to use a rotational method instead of repeated radium applications. PMID- 6212322 TI - [Malignant mucocele of the appendix]. PMID- 6212323 TI - [Osteoid osteoma of the spine: a cause of scoliosis and hip and lumbar spine stiffness in childhood]. PMID- 6212324 TI - [Display of a primary neuroblastoma in the bone scintigram]. PMID- 6212325 TI - [So-called "multiple" osteogenic sarcoma in a child]. PMID- 6212326 TI - [Cystic degeneration of the popliteal artery: a case report]. PMID- 6212327 TI - Drug arteritis: a case report after injection of oral dextropropoxyphene into the radial artery. PMID- 6212328 TI - [Diagnosis in progressive hirsutism. Catheter technique and results (author's transl)]. AB - Catheterization of adrenal and ovarian veins in combination with hormone concentration analyses was performed in seventy hirsute women. There was suspicion of tumor in 30 cases because of excess androgen production (plasma testosterone more than 1,5 ng/ml and/or plasma dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate more than 7000 ng/ml in peripheral blood samplings). Catheterization and blood sampling was done with a femoro-visceral catheter by the transfemoral approach. Contributary blood flows from many different venous systems were found to be more often to the right ovarian and to the left adrenal veins in comparisons to the other side. Catheterization of the wrong vessels occurred without being recognized immediately (circumaortic renal collar, inferior phrenic vein, ascending lumbar vein). These pitfalls might falsify blood samplings. There were no significant complications. Seven ovarian tumors were localized. Their size ranged from 0,5 to 2,5 cm in diameter. They were not recognized during laparoscopy. There were 10 hyperthecoses, four adrenogenital syndromes, one abortive testis, one adrenal adenoma, one Cushing's syndrome and one Cushing's disease due to an adenoma of the pituitary gland. In five patients a diagnosis could not be made. Tumor was excluded in forty patients. Their virilization was of adrenal origin in 32%, of ovarian origin in 29%, and of both adrenal and ovarian origin in 22%. In 17% a source of the excess androgen production was not found. This differential diagnosis is not important for the patient therapy. PMID- 6212329 TI - [The evaluation of angiographic features in the diagnosis of poorly vascularised renal lesions--part II (author's transl)]. AB - Problems arise in the diagnosis of poorly vascularised lesions of the kidney in about 5% of angiograms. Particularly serious is the misdiagnosis of a poorly vascularised malignant lesions as a benign tumour. The value of various angiographic appearances has been assessed in a series of problem cases consisting of 50 malignant and 50 benign lesions. It was confirmed that there is no individual sign which is exclusive to either of these categories. An attempt was also made to judge the value of various signs in this differentiation. An appreciation of the lack of specificity of the various appearances is quite as important as an understanding of their relative significance in the diagnosis of poorly vascularised renal lesions. PMID- 6212330 TI - [Obstructive and non-obstructive ureteral valves in early infancy (author's transl)]. AB - Cork-screw formation or kinking of the subpelvine ureter, mostly bilateral, are common findings in the routine urogram of the infant without functional effects on the urine flow. Otherwise true ureteral valves with obstructive effect, a congenital malformation in early infancy, are relatively rare. We present two cases with recurrent infection of the urinary tract and clearly visible subpelvine ureteral valves in the urogram. In one patient an obstructive pyeloectasia could not be demonstrated in spite of significant multiple valves. PMID- 6212331 TI - [Legionnaire's disease--a puzzling pneumonic illness (author's transl)]. PMID- 6212332 TI - [Radiological and clinical aspects of diaphragmatic injuries (author's transl)]. AB - In experience of generally increasing frequency of diaphragmatic injuries, nowadays mostly caused by blunt body traumata in traffic accidents, a review is made about diagnostic and morphologic aspects outlining syndromal relations of 70 cases treated from 1950 until 1980 in the Department of Surgery of the Bonn University. Diaphragmatic tears following indirect (closed) trauma are surely more often associated with a transposition of abdominal organs (73%) than those secondary to direct (penetrating) wounds with an amount to 23%. In typical associated injuries like multiple rib fractures (29%, in relation to blunt injuries even 42%) and pelvic fractures (24% resp. 35%) diaphragmatic damage has to be investigated for if there is any doubtful abdominal or cardiorespiratory symptom. Especially in less symptomatic intervals roentgenographic methods come to use predominantly. PMID- 6212333 TI - [Coronary angiography in constrictive pericarditis (author's transl)]. AB - Normally, systolic movement of the coronary arteries results in, 1) shortening in length, thereby increasing tortuosity, and 2) movement of the arteries towards each other. In ten patients with constrictive pericarditis, several sections of the vessels were fixed. Vascular fixation was also observed in nine out of ten patients after aorto-coronary bypass operations, but only in right ventricular branches. Decreased movement of the coronary arteries was found in occasional cases of congestive cardiomyopathy with large ventricles and reduced ejection fractions, and sometimes in akinesia of the myocardium, due to coronary sclerosis. Fixation of several coronary branches can therefore contribute to the diagnosis of constrictive pericarditis. PMID- 6212334 TI - [Computer tomographic demonstration of so-called azygos continuation in the absence of the hepatic segment of the inferior vena cava. Three case reports (author's transl)]. AB - Dilatation of the azygos vein is usually due to increased pressure or flow, rarely is it diopathic. Another cause is so-called continuation of the azygos in cases of absence of the hepatic segment of the inferior vena cava. The method of choice for the investigation of azygos dilatation nowadays is computer tomography. Anomalies of the inferior vena cava can be recognized in this way unequivocally by a non-invasive method. Computer tomography frequently shows important additional abnormalities (eg. situs inversus, polysplenia), since it demonstrates all organs situated in the plane of section. PMID- 6212335 TI - Free-hand abdominal fine-needle biopsy aided by sonography. PMID- 6212336 TI - [Dorsal and ventral changes of the occipital vertebrae (author's transl)]. PMID- 6212337 TI - Diagnosis of ischemic vertebral collapse using selective spinal angiography. PMID- 6212338 TI - [The diameters of the cervical spinal cord shown by amipaque-myelography (author's transl)]. AB - The sagittal and cross diameters of the cervical spinal cord were measured in 53 patients with cervical nerve root compression and with no evidence of spinal cord involvement, as well as in 45 patients with spastic tetraparesis and no localised space occupying lesion, and 29 patients with myelographically proven cervical myelography. The true diameters were calculated by the known magnification factor (1:1,4). Patients with spastic tetraparesis showed diameters in normal ranges, as well as widened or diminished sizes of the cord. Some of the patients with cervical myelopathy showed diminished diameters in the caudal parts. This may be a hint for a poor outcome after decompression operation. PMID- 6212339 TI - [Computed tomography of the hip joint]. AB - Computed tomography through the hip joint should be used only after conventional radiographs (at least a.p. views). It may provide information that is diagnostic or helpful, eg. in bacterial infections, trauma or praearthrotic states. Indications for surgery may be obtained in the presence of inflammatory-rheumatic and degenerative hip disease, arthritic deformities and trauma, and the type of suitable operation may be indicated. The obturator internus muscle, which can be seen medial to the acetabulum on the scan, is an important diagnostic indicator where there is trauma or bacterial infection of the hip joint. The capsule of the hip joint can be visualized directly. Slice thickness of 6 mm. or less is necessary. PMID- 6212340 TI - [Three dimensional radiation planning using computer tomography (author's transl)]. PMID- 6212341 TI - [The reduction of the genetically significant dose in the Federal Republic of Germany as a consequence of expert examinations on medical x-ray equipments (author's transl)]. PMID- 6212342 TI - [Parathyroid carcinoma in primary hyperparathyroidism. Attempt at sonographic tumor characterization]. PMID- 6212343 TI - [Hyperparathyroidism and intervertebral disk]. PMID- 6212344 TI - [Ischiopatellar dysplasia (Scott and Taor's syndrome of the small patella)]. PMID- 6212345 TI - [Simultaneous mirror image osteochondrosis dissecans in identical twins]. PMID- 6212346 TI - [Multivalvular vitia in mesocardia and persistant superior vena cava]. PMID- 6212347 TI - [Aortic isthmus stenosis with aneurysm caused by post-stenosis originating arteria lusoria]. PMID- 6212348 TI - [Rare localizations of Echinococcus cysticus]. PMID- 6212349 TI - [Computer tomographic diagnosis of cysticercosis]. PMID- 6212350 TI - [Duodenal perforation into the retroperitoneal space. Rare complication of endoscopic papillotomy]. PMID- 6212351 TI - [The diagnosis of renal perfusion abnormalities by sequential CT (author's transl)]. AB - Abnormalities of renal perfusion can be recognised more readily by sequential CT than by a plain CT scan or after "static" enhancement with contrast medium. Haemodynamically significant stenoses of the renal arteries and total, or partial, infarct can be diagnosed in this way. Intrarenal and capsular collaterals can be recognised by slow contrast accumulation in the infarcted area, or by the development of contrast in the sub-capsular portion of the cortex. Renal cortical necrosis is very well demonstrated by the absence of cortical perfusion; this is seen, for instance, in the DIC syndrome or during rejection after renal transplant. PMID- 6212352 TI - [Aortic aneurysms and aortic dissection. Computed tomography - angiography - sonography (author's transl)]. AB - Sixty-four aortic aneurysms and four aortic dissections were studied in two planes with respect to thrombosis, calcification, bleeding and intimal tears. The features demonstrated in 13 abdominal aneurysms by plain films, computed tomography and angiography are described, and the sonographic features in seven. Sonography should be used as a screening method when an abdominal aneurysm is suspected. CT is indicated for thoracic aneurysms, unsatisfactory sonography, suspected involvement of visceral arteries, aortic or iliac artery occlusion, or where bleeding, imminent rupture or dissection are suspected. CT and angiography are complementary methods. PMID- 6212354 TI - Determination of myocardial blood flow by videodensitometry. A preliminary report. PMID- 6212353 TI - [CT detection of central pulmonary embolism (author's transl)]. PMID- 6212355 TI - [B-scan sonography of the carotid artery. Technique, results and indications (author's transl)]. AB - Three hundred and forty-six carotid arteries were examined with a two-dimensional 3.5 MHz real time scanner in 173 patients with evidence of cerebral ischaemia; 62 carotid arteries were investigated by selective trans-femoral angiography in 36 of these patients at the same time. Sonography and angiography agreed in 20 (91%) of 22 angiographically normal cases, in all cases (10) with haemodynamically insignificant plaques, in eight (66%) of 12 stenosis of less than 50%, in nine (90%) of ten stenosis of more than 50% and in four (44%) of nine total occlusions. Sensitivity of carotid sonography varied with the severity of the lesion from 44 to 100%. Its specificity was 91%. B-scan sonography of the carotid artery, in the presence of cerebro-vascular lesions (transitory ischaemia, cerebral infarcts) and in the presence of non-specific symptoms and of asymptomatic vascular murmurs, may provide indications for the use of angiography. Its values as a screening procedure remains to be assessed. PMID- 6212356 TI - [B-scan sonography for tumour localisation in hyperparathyroidism (author's transl)]. AB - Thirty-four patients with known primary, secondary or tertiary hyperparathyroidism were examined sonographically in order to localise the enlarged glands. Of 40 tumours found at operation, 27 (67%) could be demonstrated sonographically as oval or round structures with low echoes. The smallest tumour diagnosed pre-operatively was 10 x 5 x 4 mm. Sonography is useless for adenomas in the mediastinum. Sonographic localisation is desirable before primary operations for hyperparathyroidism, although it is not indispensable for the experienced surgeon. Sonography is essential before surgery for recurrences and should be performed before CT, arteriography or selective parathormone sampling. PMID- 6212357 TI - [The differential diagnosis of primary multiple lesions seen on brain CT (author's transl)]. PMID- 6212358 TI - [Intracranial germinoma; typical CT appearances and radiation therapy (author's transl)]. AB - The typical CT appearances of intracranial germinomas are described in three cases. These consist of an isodense or hyperdense tumour in the mid-line, originating from the pineal body or infundibulum, with marked increase in density on contrast enhancement. Periventricular tumour expansion in relation to the entire supratentorial ventricular system is characteristic. The rapid tumour regression after small doses of radiation is stressed and complete regression of the tumour, as seen on CT, is a sign of its radio-curability. PMID- 6212359 TI - [Computer tomography in herpes simplex encephalitis. Stages in the development of CT changes (author's transl)]. AB - The CT findings in six patients with confirmed herpes simplex encephalitis were analysed and compared with the literature. Thirty-four examinations were performed, 27 within the first 14 days of the illness. The early findings show three characteristic features: The CT may be entirely normal up to the fourth day. Consistent with clinical and E.E.G. findings there then develops a hypodense temporal lesion which, even at this stage, acts as an expanding lesion in half the patients. Between the sixth and eighth day there is frequently involvement of the contra-lateral temporal lobe, not as a continuation, but as a new lesion. At the same time, or after several days, there is involvement of the basal portions of the frontal lobes. In this later phase there may be necrosis in the basal ganglia, thalamus or other parts of the brain. The CT findings in this late phase are uniform and characteristic of the disease. For early diagnosis and treatment the early clinical, electrophysiological and neuro-radiological findings are important. A normal CT scan two days after the onset of clinical symptoms may be regarded as significant. PMID- 6212360 TI - [Radiological appearances in the near-drowned (author's transl)]. AB - Three patients unconscious when rescued from drowning had radiographic studies of their lungs carried out after several hours, or on the following day. The findings had to be interpreted as pulmonary oedema. The most seriously affected patient showed the picture of massive acute interstitial oedema on the second day. After initial regression, coarse shadows developed, indicating the alveolar form of pulmonary oedema. The sputum contained candida, but there was no evidence of pulmonary candidiasis. In two patients there were transient signs of limited atelectases. Two patients were re-examined after five years. There were no features which could be interpreted as a consequence of the drowning episode. The radiographic appearances showed minor changes which could be due to mild pulmonary fibrosis. PMID- 6212361 TI - [Congenital cystic disease of the lung in a child--an accidental finding (author's transl)]. PMID- 6212362 TI - [New method of double contrast examination of the esophagus (author's transl)]. AB - Many different methods of double contrast esophagus examination exist, e.g. the air swallowing, tube inflation, gas producing or hypnotizing agent administration techniques. However, to swallow an adequate size air bubble is difficult, the insertion of an esophageal tube is inconvenient for the patient and time consuming to a certain extent, and the use of gas producing or hypnotizing compositions has some disadvantages too. Our method employs foam (whipped cream) instead of the air or carbon dioxide generally used. After consuming one tablespoonful good-quality barium sulfate esophagus paste, the patient swallows one or two tablespoonfuls whipped cream to distend the barium coated walls. Owing to the nearly air-equivalent density of the foam, high-quality double contrast spots can be obtained. This technique allows adequate time for exposing films in different obliques as well. The foam contrasting is effective even distally to a narrowed part, so the distensibility can be analyzed at full length of the esophagus. PMID- 6212363 TI - [Semitransparent peroral small bowel imaging (author's transl)]. AB - 171 follow-through examinations of the small bowel performed in children and adolescents with a large contrast medium meal and the high voltage - low density barium technique (10 to 25 g BaSO4/100 ml, depending on age), are described. A ready made suspension, diluted with water, proved unsatisfactory. Coating properties and stability of the diluted, weak suspension were then greatly improved by hydroxyethylcellulose as a thickening agent and in addition by premedication of the patient with cimetidine. Pure cellulose solution instead of the last portion of barium prevented thickening in the ileum. The procedure has the well known medium meal without the problem of overly dense superpositions. PMID- 6212364 TI - [Mucosal relief patterns in the colon (author's transl)]. AB - Various types of mucosal relief patterns in the colon were classified on the basis of 270 double contrast examinations. Ten patterns were distinguished. In about 60% of examinations a normal pattern could be recognised, consisting of fine linear or reticular shadows. All other patterns depend on a substrate of morphological changes, which may result from surgical anastomoses, from stenoses or from inflammatory changes. PMID- 6212365 TI - [Value of x-ray examination in diagnosis of carcinoma in chronic ulcerative colitis (author's transl)]. AB - The risk factors of carcinogenesis in cases of chronic ulcerative colitis are discussed on the basis of a review of the literature, and the incidence of cancer in our own patients (3%) is compared with data in the literature. The limitations of radiological procedures for carcinoma diagnosis in cases of chronic ulcerative colitis are elucidated by discussion of the histogenesis and macropathology of the colitis carcinoma. The necessity for endoscopic-bioptic examination methods can be deduced from the frequent coincidence of dysplasias and colon carcinomas as well as from the great number of carcinomas not recognizable macroscopically. PMID- 6212366 TI - [Sonography for percutaneous biliary drainage (author's transl)]. PMID- 6212367 TI - Appendicular skeletal tumours coined by odontogenic terms. AB - Two intriguing tumours in the appendicular skeleton are coined by odontogenic terms: the "adamantinomas" and "cementomas" (or "cementifying fibromas"). Both are extremely rare, mainly the latter. Eight verified observations are presented here: five adamantinomas and three cementomas. Whereas in adamantinomas, the localization and radiographic picture was very typical in all cases, only one cementoma was found in the metaphysis of a long tubular bone in our survey. Diaphyseal tibial localization in one, and metacarpal in the another patient are the first two atypical localizations, described for this tumor in the world's medical literature. Angiography is characteristic for a benign expansive lesion and should be carried out in all cases. An "en bloc" resection is the intervention of choice for both these entities. PMID- 6212368 TI - [Adult degenerative and senile degenerative hyperostosis triangularis ilii (author's transl)]. AB - A randomized study of 2000 patients (1000 males, 1000 females) revealed two forms of the triangular hyperostosis of the ilium in female patients. The hyperostosis triangularis ilii, HTI, is also known as osteitis condensans. One form of HTI concerning women under the age of 50 is called the adult generative HTI, the other beyond the age of 50 senile degenerative HTI. These two forms are not evident in male patients. The 3.05% incidence of HTI in adults appeared to be higher than presumed till now. The sex incidence male/female of 1:1.6 diverges considerably from preceding investigations. Histomorphological studies of two autopsies of cases of senile degenerative HTI revealed no signs of inflammation. Statistical correlations of HTI with other chronic diseases of the pelvis and hip could doubtlessly and generally be established only for osteoarthrosis of the sacro-iliac joints in females beyond the age of 50 and in males as a matter of principle. PMID- 6212369 TI - [The diagnostic value of mammographic signs of malignancy in clinically occult breast carcinoma (author's transl)]. AB - Two hundred and twenty clinically occult carcinomas of the breast were discovered by mammography as part of a preventive programme. They were histologically verified and the radiological features were analysed with reference to their value as a sign of their malignancy. In all cases a radiogram of the lesion was prepared during the operation, or before histological analysis. Dense, irregular foci could be recognised in only 28% of our early carcinomas. The most important, as well as the earliest, definite sign of malignancy was well defined microcalcification: in 72%, microcalcification was the major feature which led to a correct diagnosis; in 48%, it was the only sign, so that even the radiograph of the specimen failed to show an infiltrative focus. Very early, often before infiltration can be recognised radiologically, small carcinomas produce indirect changes in neighbouring tissues. Parallel lines are particularly important. In 14% we have observed slightly dilated tortuous vessels near the tumour. The nearly microscopic details to be demonstrated, and the delicate changes in the breast and complex pathology, make the highest demands on the radiologist and on mammographic quality. PMID- 6212370 TI - [Hyperosmolality of radiographic contrast media - a factor in endothelial damage? (author's transl)]. PMID- 6212371 TI - [Coronary stenosis in aortic isthmus stenosis. Treatment by dilatation and resection]. PMID- 6212372 TI - [Malignant fibrous mesothelioma of the pericardium]. PMID- 6212373 TI - [Atypical vascularization of a small extrarenal hypernephroid carcinoma]. PMID- 6212374 TI - [Malignant degeneration of an esophageal myoma]. PMID- 6212375 TI - [Aspergillosis of the maxillary sinus]. PMID- 6212376 TI - [Hormonally produced rib fractures simulating perivertebral hyperostosis]. PMID- 6212377 TI - [Ultrasound investigations of superficial structures during childhood (author's transl)]. AB - The past decade has seen the emergence of different ultrasound techniques for a wide variety of disorders. We directed our interest to the study of superficially located structures. We succeeded in percepting and distinguishing pathological liquid and parenchymal structures (effusion, abscess, hematoma, lymph-node, tumor ...), in discribing their exact location and in calculating their volume. Annotations about the ultrasonographic patterns of these pathological structures are given beside the illustration of cases. PMID- 6212378 TI - [Ultrasound in acute renal infections (author's transl)]. AB - Ultrasound examinations were analysed in 24 patients with acute renal infections (pyelonephritis, focal pyelonephritis, renal abscess, pyonephrosis). Ultrasound examination is normal in mild inflammatory involvement of parenchyma, diffuse enlargement of parenchyma with echo-poor structure is found in severe involvement of parenchyma, localized echo-poor swelling of parenchyma is seen in focal pyelonephritis. Fever and flank pain are common to acute ureteral obstruction and acute pyelonephritis and ultrasound can differentiate between these diseases. Among mass lesions ultrasound can distinguish between focal pyelonephritis and abscess but cannot differentiate between tumor and focal pyelonephritis. PMID- 6212379 TI - [Ultrasound in diffuse renal parenchymal disease (author's transl)]. AB - Ultrasound examinations were compared with histopathological findings in 22 patients with diffuse renal parenchymal disease (glomerulonephritis, interstitial nephritis, glomerulosclerosis). The echogenicity of the renal parenchyma was graded by comparing it with the echogenicity of the liver, the spleen and the renal sinus and correlated with glomerular and interstitial findings. There was a direct correlation between echo intensity of the renal parenchyma and severity of renal parenchyma and severity of renal interstitial disease. Glomerular changes intensified the echogenicity of the parenchyma, but grading was not possible. Ultrasound is capable of documenting the course of disease and recognizing complications. PMID- 6212380 TI - The sonographic images of hypernephromas. AB - The sonographic images of hypernephromas were examined in 46 histologically confirmed cases. The echogenicity of hypernephromas can be higher, equal or lower that of renal cortex. There is no significant correlation between echogenicity and macroscopic vascularity. The infiltration of a tumour cannot be estimated with certainty using sonography. Acoustic enhancement can also be seen behind hypernephromas. PMID- 6212381 TI - [Computer tomography following renal trauma (author's transl)]. PMID- 6212382 TI - Lipomatosis and true lipomas of the ileocecal valve. AB - Two patients with lipomatosis and two patients with true lipoma of the ileocecal valve are described. The symptomatology, radiological appearances, pathological findings and treatment are discussed. True lipomas of the ileocecal valve should be differentiated from the more commonly occurring lipomatosis or lipohyperplasia. The rare true lipomas have a demarcating capsule around the fatty tissue and are confined to only one of the ileocecal lips. The lipomatosis, on the other hand, is characterized by a diffus fatty deposition in the submucosa of the valve with no encapsulation. Lipomatosis as well as true lipomas may appear as rounded, smoothly outlined and sharply demarcated masses on barium enema examination. Occasionally, these filling defects may present problems of differential diagnosis with respect to malignant involvement of the ileocecal region. A correct preoperative diagnosis, however, is important to prevent unnecessary or too radical surgical treatment. PMID- 6212384 TI - [Frequencies of pleuro-mediastinal lines in healthy subjects. A contribution to the knowledge of the normal roentgen anatomy of the mediastinum (author's transl)]. AB - The postero-anterior chest radio-grams of 1.000 consecutive adults with no evidence of intrathoracic diseases were evaluated and the frequencies of the common pleuro-mediastinal lines in four age groups were calculated. The following lines are less frequent in the age (percentages in the youngest group, ages 18 25, and the oldest group, ages 41-65, respectively): posterior lines in the infra azygos area (51-19%, p less than .001), right paraspinal line (28-8%, p less than .001), left paraspinal line (11-1%, p less than .01), anterior junction line (41 21%, p less than 0.1), and posterior lines in the supraazygos area (86-66%, p less than .05). The incidences of the right paratracheal stripe (76%), of the aortic nipple (4%) and of the double-contour in the supra-aortic area (51%) were independent from age. The physiologic variations of these lines are discussed. The posterior boundaries of the lung in the supraazygos area manifest as a right pleuro-esophageal line (36%) or as a posterior junction line (64%). A small sickle-like pleuro-esophageal stripe is found in 9%. PMID- 6212383 TI - [A rare opening of great biliary ducts - esophagobiliary communication (author's transl)]. AB - A case report of a congenital esophagobiliary communication with atresia of left ductus hepaticus is presented. The communication of the esophagus with the duct of the left liver lobus was examined by giving Esophotrast into esophagus and by intravenous cholangio-cholecystography and tomography. Atresia of the left ductus hepaticus was detected by intraoperative cholangiography. The case is presented because of its rarity and it has only an embryological explanation. PMID- 6212385 TI - [Computer tomography of pulmonary aplasia (author's transl)]. PMID- 6212386 TI - Radiological patterns of truncus arteriosus in plain roentgenography. AB - 15 cases of persistent truncus arteriosus in infants and children were subjected to roentgenographic examination by the authors via plain frontal and profile roentgenography of the thorax. In infants (12 patients) the left midzone section is concave or straight, especially in the lower part. This aspect is typical of this congenital anomaly if it is associated with active pulmonary hypervascularisation. Cases without pulmonary hypervascularisation are very difficult to diagnose safely. In 7 profile roentgenographs 3 retrosternal enlarged areas were seen soon after birth. In children of 2 to 6 years of age, cardiac dilatation with a right-side aortic arch and pulmonary hypervascularisation are very typical. In children over 6 years of age we observed an Eisenmenger's syndrome with a retrosternal enlarged area. According to the authors' experience, a combination of a right-side aortic arch associated with pulmonary hypervascularisation must be considered highly typical. PMID- 6212387 TI - [Percutaneous transluminal removal of embolised catheter fragments (author's transl)]. AB - Seven patients had a percutaneous transluminal removal of catheter fragments using a Dormier stone-basket within the last 14 months. An immediate intervention should be performed because serious complications are expected from catheter embolization. The percutaneous transluminal catheter retrieval as a method of low risk and of little discomfort to the patient should always precede surgical procedures. The Dormier-basket proved to be a successful and easy handling catheter instrument in all our cases. PMID- 6212388 TI - [The computer tomographic and angiographic appearances of highly vascular intracranial lipomas (angiolipomas) (author's transl)]. PMID- 6212389 TI - [Is there a typical Olecranon Fracture? A classification according to anatomical and biomechanical considerations (author's transl)]. PMID- 6212390 TI - [Osteochondrosarcoma of breast (author's transl)]. AB - Sarcomas of the breast are rare. The radiological and thermographic features of a mixed malignant chondro- and osteoplastic tumour (osteochondrosarcoma) are described. Mammographically, there was rapid growth of nodular, round smooth tumour, with coarse, confluent and bizarre calcification. Thermography revealed the features of malignancy. In the differential diagnosis, a circular focus with coarse calcification, as occurs in a sarcoma, may be difficult to distinguish from a fibro-adenoma. Such lesions should therefore be removed as soon as possible and submitted to careful histological examination. PMID- 6212391 TI - [The influence of meteorological conditions on the side effects of contrast media during infusion urograms (author's transl)]. AB - A relationship between certain weather conditions and the frequency of some diseases has been recognised for a long time. During a period of two and a quarter years, the course of infusion urograms in 6,862 patients was carefully monitored. At the same time, records were kept of the weather, including the general weather situation, changes in the weather, its dynamics, atmospheric pressure and "vorticity". 7.96% of patients showed side effects from the contrast medium. 32.6% of all patients admitted to having been affected by the weather, with an incidence of side effects of 9.7%. Older patients and over-weight patients tended to suffer fewer side effects. There was no correlation with the seasons. As regards the general weather situation, there was an increased incidence associated with changes coming from the east, fewer incidents during the in-flow of cold air and high pressure situations. There were marked differences during periods of high and low pressure ("vorticity"). High pressure situations and periods of increasing barometric pressure had complication rates of 5.3% and 4.7% respectively, low pressure, 11%. Statistical analysis showed no significant difference between the groups, but tendencies were unmistakable. A large number of individual factors are known to have an effect, such as abnormalities of the complement system, antigen-antibody reactions and others, but the importance of each factor remains uncertain. The present results indicate that the reaction of a patient at the moment of the investigation also plays a significant part. PMID- 6212392 TI - The "air-swallow sign" in intestinal ascariasis. PMID- 6212393 TI - [Percutaneous biliary tract drainage in obstructive jaundice with biliary sepsis]. PMID- 6212394 TI - [Lymphographic findings in idiopathic chyluria]. PMID- 6212395 TI - [Acute subdural hematoma following lumbar myelography]. PMID- 6212396 TI - [Secondary spinal cord atrophy associated with spinal meningioma]. PMID- 6212397 TI - [Localization of extraosseous MDP uptake using emission computed tomography]. PMID- 6212398 TI - [Ventral atlas arch aplasia--unilateral dorsal rudimentary arch. 2 rare anomalies]. PMID- 6212399 TI - Metastatic melanoma presenting as a sciatalgia. PMID- 6212400 TI - [Fibroadenolipoma (hamartoma) of the breast]. PMID- 6212401 TI - [The diagnosis of lumbar disc prolapse--computer tomographic and myelographic findings (author's transl)]. AB - Seventy-seven patients with back pain and suspected disc prolapse were examined by computer tomography, and 41 have in addition myelograms. In 26 patients surgery was performed. The accuracy of computer tomography in the diagnosis of disc prolapse was greater than 86%, with additional myelography it was greater than 95%. Difficulties in diagnosis using computer tomography were encountered with recurrent disc prolapses. CT of the disc should be performed with a high resolution scanner using a slice thickness of 2 mm before myelography is considered. Definitely abnormal CT findings make myelography unnecessary. PMID- 6212402 TI - [Solitary coarctation of the aortic arch with atypical collateral circulation in the adult]. PMID- 6212403 TI - [Skin necrosis after ascending leg phlebography]. PMID- 6212404 TI - [A computer macro-programme for osteoscintimetry and activity profile in Perthe's disease (author's transl)]. AB - A computer macro-programme has been developed which permits quantitative scintigraphy by means of an activity profile. The slope and width of the profile are variable; a view at right angles to the epiphyseal plate of the femoral head is able to determine activity in the plate and in the epiphysis. Measurements of the abnormal and normal hip produce uptake rates. These indicate to what extent the abnormal femoral head and epiphyseal plate differ from the normal side, with respect to their uptake. The method and results are discussed. PMID- 6212405 TI - [The scintigraphic diagnosis of pseudo-arthroses following Harrington's spondylodesis (author's transl)]. AB - The development of pseudo-arthroses is the most common complication following operative treatment of severe scoliosis. Early recognition of this event is important to prevent recurrence of the curvature. The diagnosis is not possible by radiological examination of the rigid spine. Routine reexploration implies a second operation, which is unnecessary in the majority of patients with stable fusion. In an attempt to develop a non-invasive method for the diagnosis of pseudo-arthroses, bone scintigrams were carried out in 29 patients with idiopathic scoliosis twelve months after a Harrington's spondylodesis. In 24 patients (82.8%) a definite conclusion could be drawn, either of stable fusion (65.5%) or pseudo-arthrosis formation (17.3%). No pseudo-arthroses were missed by scintigraphy. These results indicate that bone scintigraphy plays an important role in the post-operative care after Harrington's spondylodesis. PMID- 6212406 TI - [A bursa of the tendon of the flexor hallucis longus (author's transl)]. AB - The author reports six cases in whom there was contrast filling of a bursa related to the tendon of the flexor hallucis longus during the course of an arthrogram. All patients had had joint symptoms for a prolonged period; in three patients there was osteochondritis dissecans. Possible mechanism for the development of the bursa is discussed. The hypothesis is proposed that the bursa results from increased pressure in the joint due to recurrent synovitis. PMID- 6212407 TI - [Computed tomography of the mediastinum in myasthenia gravis. Normal findings, thymic hyperplasia, thymomas (author's transl)]. AB - Computed tomography of the mediastinum was performed in 45 patients with myasthenia gravis. Surgery was carried out in fourteen. Amongst these, there were four thymomas, one thymolipoma, eight thymic hyperplasias and one normal thymus gland. A further patient, who did not have surgery, probably also had a thymic tumour. The normal thymus and thymic hyperplasia cannot be distinguished on computed tomography. Differentiation of small thymomas from normal thymus is not always possible. Invasion by thymomas can only be appreciated with large tumours. PMID- 6212409 TI - [Evaluation of sarcoid activity by radiological and scintigraphic methods (author's transl)]. AB - It is possible to evaluate the activity of sarcoidosis by means of 67 Ga scintigrams and radiographs. In known sarcoid with lung involvement, the scintigram can differentiate between the granulomatous and fibrous stage. The granuloma, which is reversible and requires treatment, must be distinguished from fibrosis, which causes permanent damage. In the early stages of treatment, the scintigram is more sensitive than the radiograph. When treatment is stopped, the scintigram is better than the radiograph in demonstrating the need for renewed therapy. Evidence of fibrosis on the radiograph, with increased activity on the scintigram, indicates the need for further treatment. 67Ga can also demonstrate enlarged hilar nodes and mediastinal nodes which are not visible on the radiograph. PMID- 6212408 TI - Chronic unilateral hyperlucent lung. A consecutive series of 40 patients. AB - A clinical series of 40 consecutive patients with chronic unilateral hyperlucent lung was analysed. Swyer-James (MacLeod) syndrome turned out to be the most common diagnosis (18 patients, 45%). Other causes were localized emphysema (8 patients, 20%), congenital hypoplastic pulmonary artery (4 patients, 10%), previous massive pulmonary embolism (4 patients, 10%), bronchial carcinoma (3 patients, 7.5%), sequelae of radiation therapy (2 patients, 5%) and benign intrabronchial neoplasm (1 patient, 2.5%). The reduction of pulmonary vasculature was scored (0-9). The most extensive reduction was found in patients with Swyer James syndrome (mean 5.8), whereas patients with bronchial cancer had the smallest changes (mean 3.0). PMID- 6212410 TI - [Computer tomography of retroperitoneal trauma (author's transl)]. AB - Computer tomography changes after retroperitoneal trauma are described on the basis of 19 patients seen by the authors. It appears that this method is superior to conventional techniques, both as a screening method and for carrying out follow-ups. The indications for angiography are thereby reduced. PMID- 6212411 TI - [Computer tomographic features of peritoneal carcinosis (author's transl)]. AB - Out of 59 cases of peritoneal carcinosis (PCA) diagnosed by either laparoscopy, laparotomy, or post mortem 50 cases (85%) could be recognised as such retrospectively by computerized tomography (CT). Beside diagnosing direct metastases one was able to show more subtle indirect signs such as alterations at the mesenterial root, greater omentum and in the pelvis. The accuracy of the CT in the diagnosis of PCA is discussed. PMID- 6212412 TI - [Radiological biliary tract diagnosis after cholecystectomy (author's transl)]. AB - Fifty-three patients with biliary symptoms were studied at least four years after cholecystectomy by isotope techniques. There was a highly significant correlation between symptoms and disturbances of bile flow, such as dyskinesia or obstruction. There was no correlation with serum enzyme levels such as gamma-GT, alkaline phosphatase, bilirubin or transaminases. Measurements of the diameter of the bile duct on cholangiograms provided no evidence of obstruction up to 15 mm., although a diameter in excess of 10 mm, made obstruction likely. The upper value for "normal" bile flow derived from hilar flow curves of patients without dyskinesia showed a half value period of 27.5 minutes. The disturbances of flow demonstrated by isotope methods in the presence of typical symptoms, and without other pathological findings, indicate a pre-clinical stage of a partly compensated bilio dynamic insufficiency. Where there is no morphological evidence of biliary obstruction, one must assume inflammatory changes round the papilla of Vater; these are frequent even in normal biliary tracts and almost always present after cholecystectomy. Quantitative hepato-biliary scintigraphy is the most reliable method for objective measurement of disturbances of bile flow and make it possible to avoid the vague diagnosis of "post-cholecystectomy syndrome". PMID- 6212413 TI - [Computer tomographic diagnosis of Caroli's syndrome (author's transl)]. AB - Congenital cystic dilatation of the intrahepatic bile ducts--Caroli's syndrome- is a rare disease of which about one hundred cases have been reported in the literature. Based on two observations, the value of various radiological procedures is discussed. Compared with other noninvasive procedures, computer tomography has the advantage of being able to show not only the changes in the liver, but also the changes in the liver, but also the medullary sponge kidney which often accompanies this condition. The indications for ERC can therefore be more strictly defined. PMID- 6212414 TI - [Non-physicians as radiologists]. PMID- 6212415 TI - [The value of scintimetry compared with histomorphology, parathormone assay, densitometry and radiology in renal osteopathy (author's transl)]. AB - The distribution of 99mTc-Sn-MDP in the thigh was estimated according to two different indices in 60 normal patients, 21 patients undergoing haemodialysis and one who had had a renal transplant. Deviation of the indices in these patients from the normal are significant. The indices were correlated with respect to their accuracy in detecting renal osteopathy with histomorphometry (as the reference method), radiological diagnosis, densitometry, parathormone assay and other laboratory tests. Accuracy of the method is high and, like histomorphometry, is over 90%. PMID- 6212416 TI - [Radiculomyelography with a water-soluble contrast medium in root evulsion of the lumbosacral plexus]. PMID- 6212417 TI - [Congenital synostosis of the arcus anterior atlantis with the dens axis]. PMID- 6212418 TI - [A case of true spondylolisthesis in the neck area]. PMID- 6212419 TI - [Pubic bone variations (?)]. PMID- 6212420 TI - [Anomalous bronchial connection of the right upper and middle lobes of the lung]. PMID- 6212421 TI - Case of interruption of the aortic arch in childhood. PMID- 6212422 TI - [The radiological examination of the detailed relief pattern of the stomach part 4 (direct comparison of the pattern in the pyloric canal with the histological findings as related to the problem of chronic gastritis) (author's transl)]. AB - Following earlier work on the relationship between the micromucosal pattern of the stomach and chronic gastritis, a comparison was carried out between the appearances in the pyloric canal and the histological findings in that area. The presence of chronic gastritis could not be excluded, irrespective of the type of relief pattern. Normal gastric mucosa was only found in areas showing medium sized areae gastricae. Fundamental problems concerning the radiological technique are discussed as well as the evidence for the diagnosis of chronic gastritis. PMID- 6212423 TI - [The radiological and endoscopic appearances of Crohn's disease of the upper gastro-intestinal tract (author's transl)]. AB - Involvement of the upper gastrointestinal tract (oesophagus, stomach, duodenum, jejunum) accounted for 13% of endoscopically proven Crohn's disease in patients at the University Clinic, Tubingen between 1973 and 1980. The basis for the diagnosis was the presence of epitheloid granulomas. The diagnosis was suspected in 26% of patients on endoscopic appearances alone. In these two groups, the appearances were similar, consisting of atypical or linear ulcers, cobble-stone lesions, chronic erosions, aphthous ulcers, stenoses, coarsening of the mucosa and areas of engorgement and granularity. Most patients were also examined radiologically. The radiological findings correspond with the endoscopic observations. Using a double contrast technique, mucosal changes could be demonstrated which, up to now, were only seen by endoscopy. If these findings are observed either radiologically or endoscopically, it is essential to examine the distal portions of the gut. PMID- 6212424 TI - A radiologic study of chronic radiation-induced injuries of the small intestine and colon. AB - On the basis of 144 radiation-induced intestinal and colorectal lesions seen in 109 patients, the authors review the radiologic aspects associated with such affections. Two points are emphasized: (1) the chronic and still active nature of radiation-induced injury which can explain the appearance of lesions more than 10 years after irradiation, and (2) the locoregional nature of the affection which warrants systematic exploration of the urinary tract by intravenous pyelography in addition to radiologic and endoscopic investigation of the digestive tract. The authors also advise an echography and/or CT scan to detect any neoplastic recurrence. PMID- 6212425 TI - [The radiological and clinical features of Gardner's syndrome (author's transl)]. AB - Gardner's syndrome, completely expressed, consists of a trio of familial polyposis of the colon, osteomas and mesenchymal tumours of the skin. Inheritence is autosomal dominant. In many patients with familial polyposis of the colon, only mesenchymal skin tumours or osteomas can be demonstrated. It is therefore possible that Gardner's syndrome and familial polyposis represent two extremities of a single disease which is characterised by marked variability in the expressivity of the gene. Gardner's syndrome has been considered a rare condition occurring in only about 8% of patients with familial polyposis. Amongst the 20 patients with colonic polyposis from eleven families, mesenchymal and/or osseous lesions were found in seventeen (85%). Osteomas of the mandible were shown particularly frequently by orthopantomography. Since polyposis of the colon tends to remain symptomless for many years, the finding of osteomas in the facial skeleton, or recurrent skin tumours in young patients, should lead to further investigation. PMID- 6212426 TI - Computed tomography in the diagnosis of complications following renal allograft surgery. AB - Computed tomography was used in a consecutive series of 74 transplantations in the diagnosis of complications to renal allograft surgery. Thirty-nine peritransplant fluid collections were demonstrated, 13 of these were subjected to surgery. A diagnosis of the specific nature of the fluid collection was possible in cases of urine leakage and fresh hematomas. The method was sensitive in defining the size of the renal pelvis though differentiation between postrenal obstruction and large non-obstructed collecting system was not always possible. The cause of postrenal obstruction could be identified in 5 patients out of 10. Renal infarctions were diagnosed in 8 patients. Computed tomography seems to be a highly accurate method in the diagnosis of complications to renal allograft surgery. The method can be used independent of transplant function and the use of contrast medium is necessary only to verify urine leakage and infarction. PMID- 6212427 TI - [Dynamic computer tomographic for tumours of the facial skeleton (author's transl)]. AB - Serial computer tomography after intravenous bolus injection of contrast provides information concerning the vascularity of tumours in the facial skeleton. In addition the relationship of the tumour to the major vessels and their displacement or compression can be demonstrated. This provides information additional to the ordinary computer tomogram, so that neoplasms of the facial skeleton can be shown at various stages and their extent determined. A requirement for the use of serial CT is a scanner with a short scan time and scan interval. PMID- 6212428 TI - [CT findings in cerebellar hemangioblastomas (author's transl)]. AB - The computed tomographic (CT) findings in 16 personal cases of cerebellar hemangioblastomas are presented. According to other reports in the literature, three-quarters of the tumours were cystic, containing a small mural nodule, whereas the others were predominantly solid. By CT scan the cystic tumours were always identified as roundish or oval space-occupying lesions, sharply demarcated from the surrounding tissue. The solid portion of these tumours, projecting into the cystic part, was delineated more precisely by contrast enhancement, but sometimes escaped identification. On the contrary, even after contrast enhancement the predominantly solid tumours could not be clearly identified as hemangioblastomas. Calcification could not be demonstrated. Additional angiographic investigations were imperative in order to establish the diagnosis, besides visualizing further hypervascular nodules of hemangioblastoma, which CT scanning failed to reveal. PMID- 6212429 TI - [The integral dose in computerized tomography of the skull (author's transl)]. AB - A comparison of the exposure to radiation based on the surface dose - as has been frequently done in conventional x-ray diagnosis - becomes entirely questionable if computerized tomography is included. A better comparative measure - also with regard to the hazard associated with the exposure - is represented by the amount of absorbed energy (integral dose). In this article, the amount of absorbed energy is determined for a CT examination of the skull. The absorbed energy is determined from a great number of dosage measurements using a suitable phantom. Under the conditions obtaining in this case, the absorbed energy is about 6 mJ for a single scan. The errors associated with this method are discussed in detail. It is also stated in the course of the discussion that the amount of absorbed energy can serve as a comparative measure and as a basis for assessing the involved hazard. PMID- 6212430 TI - [The value of CT for the diagnosis or disc prolapse (author's transl)]. PMID- 6212431 TI - [Osteoid fibroma. Differential diagnosis of an enlarging solitary translucency in the cranium (author's transl)]. PMID- 6212432 TI - [Primary oxalosis in childhood. Plain film findings during the course of the disease (author's transl)]. AB - The radiological changes in the kidneys and skeleton in primary oxalosis in a patient are described. Crystalline calcium oxalate deposits, which are a secondary phenomenon, are responsible for the findings, which are of great significance both functionally and prognostically. Hyperoxalaemia is due to an enzyme defect, which leads to hyperoxaluria; this causes a reduction in renal function and can lead to rapid progression of the condition. PMID- 6212433 TI - [Thoughts on the so-called "radius-capitellum axis" (author's transl)]. AB - We have studied 438 patients radiologically in order to observe the so-called "radius-capitellum axis". In about a quarter of people with normal elbows the axis passes lateral to the middle portion of the capitellum, so that even when there is marked deviation, there is no certainty that the humero-radial joint is abnormal. Deviation of the axis can be caused by changes in the shape of the capitellum or of the radius, or by distension of the capsule of the elbow joint, or by various changes in muscular pull. PMID- 6212434 TI - [Translumbar aortography by catheter technique. Methods, indications and value (author's transl)]. AB - 400 examinations performed during the last three years by TLA (only catheter technique) were subjected to critical analysis and studied particularly in respect to the rate of complications. We observed 13 complications (3,25%) of moderate severity, including 3 large hematomas (documented by CT), 3 paravasations and 7 dissections, but no fatal complications. Two (0,5%) of these complications had clinical evidence. The advantages of the catheter technique of TLA are described. Injections through rigid metal cannula should be avoided because of the high incidence of complications (mainly the increased risk of dissection). Downstream injection resulted in excellent visualization of peripheral occluding vascular disease. Upstream injection should be preferred to demonstrate the major abdominal arteries as well as supraceliac collateral circulation in the case of high Leriche syndrome. The low or intermediate puncture of the aorta is preferable to facilitate caudad direction of the catheter and to diminish the risk of damaging other vessels or puncturing an organ. PMID- 6212435 TI - [Flow measurements in the major visceral arteries (author's transl)]. AB - Arterial flow was measured by the spill-over technique in 202 coeliac arteries and 158 superior mesenteric arteries during the course of visceral angiography in 250 patients. In the coeliac artery a mean value of 15.8 +/- 4.3 ml/sec was obtained, flow in the super mesenteric artery was significantly less at 12.1 +/- 3.4 ml/sec. The wide variation from 4 to 26 ml/sec in the coeliac artery was remarkable, as well as flows from six to 20 ml/sec in the superior mesenteric artery. PMID- 6212436 TI - [A simplified technique for therapeutic vascular embolisation with a spiral (author's transl)]. PMID- 6212437 TI - [Scatter tomography - dosimetry and radiographic technique with diagnostic x-rays (author's transl)]. AB - Scatter tomography (ST) is a method to acquire information about biological structures using Compton scattered photons. In contrast to previously published methods high resolution in ST is achieved by using conventional x-ray energies. From a general model for the calculation of the radiation exposure, a minimum of the x-ray dosis relative to the spatial resolution is predicted at 60 keV. A simple experimental set-up for recording scatter tomograms is described. First measurements on bovine lungs seem to confirm the expected advantages of the proposed method. PMID- 6212438 TI - [The lateral urethrocystogram for the diagnosis of urinary incontinence in the female]. PMID- 6212439 TI - [Friedrich disease]. PMID- 6212440 TI - [Ossification of the abdominal wall after surgery]. PMID- 6212441 TI - [Clinical and roentgenologic aspects of high gallstone ileus]. PMID- 6212442 TI - [Obstruction of the 3 large unpaired intestinal arteries without clinical symptoms (asymptomatic "triple obstruction")]. PMID- 6212443 TI - [Sonographic determination of a tumor associated renal vein thromboses]. PMID- 6212444 TI - [Catheter thrombolysis in pulmonary artery embolism]. PMID- 6212445 TI - [Localization of a mediastinal parathyroid adenoma]. PMID- 6212447 TI - [Computer tomographic diagnosis of traumatic lesions of the spleen (author's transl)]. AB - The computer tomographic appearances of 16 traumatic lesions of the spleen have been analysed. The changes n the spleen were related to the subsequent therapeutic procedures. The clinically important distinction between parenchymal rupture and parenchymal-capsular rupture can always be made with certainty. CT also adds information concerning parasplenic abnormalities, traumatic changes in upper abdominal organs and additional injuries to other parts of the body. PMID- 6212446 TI - [Comparative radiological studies of different types of gastric reconstruction: Roux-Y; Longmire-Guetgemann; Tubinger reconstruction (author's transl)]. AB - The indications for gastrectomy are increasing. More than 50 operations have been devised for reconstruction of the gastric function, but none is ideal. They should be judged particularly by their ability to form a reservoir which permits intermittent empyting of food into the small bowel. The risk of ischaemic changes or of chronic mucosal inflammation must be avoided. On the assumption that functional disturbances could be characterised by study of the morphology, we have carried out studies of three different types of gastric reconstruction (Longmire-Gutgemann, Roux-Y and Tubinger). The parameters we chose to measure were the maximum diameter of the interposed segment, the thickness of the mucosal folds and, as far as possible, th length of the segment. Most marked dilatation was found with the Tubinger procedure. Nevertheless, the increased occurrence of circular contractions following the Longmire-Gutgemann and Roux techniques may also result functionally in the formation of a reservoir. In none of the above techniques was there evidence of disturbances of blood-flow, as shown by mucosal swelling in the interposed segment. PMID- 6212448 TI - [CT findings in ileo-caval thrombosis (author's transl)]. AB - Thrombosis of a large vein can be demonstrated by CT. The thrombosed vein has a hypodense lumen, with a somewhat increased diameter which does not opacify after intravenous contrast injection, but which shows a narrow hyperdense margin. Collateral vessels in the pelvic or paravertebral plexus and dilated veins in the abdominal skin are indirect evidence of ileo-caval thrombosis. CT can also demonstrate the cranial extent of a caval thrombosis. Venous thrombosis demonstrated by CT is an important additional finding in the pre-operative examination of the abdomen. PMID- 6212449 TI - [Radiological investigation of the bile ducts following cholecystectomy. Paper III: Determination of the diameter of the common bile duct by isotope methods (author's transl)]. AB - The diameter of the common bile duct can be determined by means of quantitative hepato-biliary functional scintigraphy to an accuracy of +/- 2 mm. It is necessary to keep the conditions of the test constant, such as constant regions of interest and size of region. A common bile duct diameter greater than 10 mm. is suggestive of biliary obstruction, diameters above 15 mm. are definite proof. For the demonstration of post-hepatic obstruction, the hilar flow curve is confirmatory. Peristalsis of the common bile duct, which is an unlikely phenomenon in view of the anatomic studies of the muscle in the bile duct, cannot be demonstrated in this way. PMID- 6212450 TI - Ultrasonic localization of the porta hepatis prior to percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography. AB - Sixtyfour jaundiced patients were randomly allocated to have fine needle PTC performed with or without prior ultrasonographical localization of the porta hepatis. The general success rate was 97% and complications occurred in two patients (3%). Ultrasonography prior to PTC did not significantly reduce the number of needle passes in the liver parenchyma, the failure rate or the number of complications. Ultrasonic scanning, however, should precede PTC to disclose patients with obstructive jaundice and reveal hepatic and perihepatic abnormalities. PMID- 6212451 TI - [Acute necrotising alcoholic pancreatitis with abscess formation in the mediastinum (author's transl)]. AB - Pseudocysts, fistulae and abscesses are common complications of acute and acute recurrent pancreatitis. Extension of necrosis and pseudocysts occur along anatomically determined structures. Extension of pancreatic necrosis into the mediastinum is rare. One such case is described. Possible mechanisms for the occurrence of acute and relapsing pancreatitis are discussed. PMID- 6212452 TI - [Scimitar syndrome with horseshoe lung (author's transl)]. AB - A combination of two rare malformations of the lung was observed in a four-year old asymptomatic boy. He had typical scimitar syndrome (dextrocardia, hypoplastic right lung and right-sided anomalous pulmonary venous drainage into the v. cava inferior) together with horseshoe lung. Diagnosis was established by angiocardiography and computerized tomography. In the absence of recurrent pulmonary infections operative intervention is not necessary with normal pulmonary arterial pressure and resistance. To the best of our knowledge this case with both malformations seems to be the fourth which is reported in the literature. PMID- 6212454 TI - [Determination of phasic flow speeds in the coronary vessels by means of a simple photodensitometric technique (author's transl)]. AB - Systolic and diastolic flow rates in coronary arteries were determined from cineangiograms using a photodensitometric measurements system. The front velocity of a bolus of contrast medium was evaluated by two different methods. Measurements in aortocoronary bypass grafts showed that the photodensitometric determination of flow rates overestimated the electromagnetically measured flow by about 20%. Measurements in coronary arteries proved a good reproducibility (r=0.98) and the typical pattern of phasic flow. The velocity of flow in coronary arteries was nearly identical before and after branchings of the vessels (r=0.96). PMID- 6212453 TI - Tardokinesia: definition and clinical occurrence. AB - Tardokinesia is an abnormal slowness of contraction of a region of the left ventricular (LV) wall. This concept was stated in quantitative terms and used for analyzing LV regional wall motion. Forty-four consecutive patients from the case stream of the Cardiovascular Radiology Service were chosen, and their cine left ventriculograms were studied. A polar grid of thirty radii, at twelve degree increments, was superimposed on the tracing of each ventricle. The wall motion was measured at thirty points, and the location, speed, and acceleration of each point in each cine was calculated. Two cases of tardokinesia were found. Tardokinesia might be a sensitive or early indicator of ischemic heart disease. PMID- 6212455 TI - [The value of CT in the diagnosis of traumatic fronto-basal CSF fistulae (author's transl)]. AB - In 20 patients with fronto-basal CSF fistulae, radiograms, tomograms and CTs in the axial and coronal projection were taken before operation. The evaluation showed that small fractures of the cribriform lamina could be demonstrated most clearly by CT with narrow coronal sections. Although the resolution properties of CT is still inferior to that of tomography for small osseous fissures, good CT results could be achieved by the better demonstration of accompanying mucosal swelling and/or small effusions. Fractures of the walls of the frontal sinuses, on the other hand, where shown better by tomography and those of the frontal calotte by normal radiograms. PMID- 6212456 TI - [Venous and arterial digitalised video subtraction angiography (DVSA). Initial experience with 120 examinations (author's transl)]. AB - Digitalised video subtraction angiography permits the demonstration of arteries in the trunk by means of intravenous injection. Initial experience with 120 examinations has demonstrated its usefulness for showing the arteries in the neck, the aorta, the renal arteries, pelvic arteries and arteries in the thigh in between 80 and 90% of cases. Use of the technique during arterial arteriography avoids the need for photographic subtraction and permits a reduction of contrast volume and flow rate. Further clinical experience will be necessary in order to determine the value of the technique. PMID- 6212457 TI - [Acquired arteriovenous aneurysms. Observations on a post-traumatic and an iatrogenic arteriovenous aneurysm (author's transl)]. PMID- 6212458 TI - [Contrast arthrography in the diagnosis of soft tissue injuries round the elbow joint (author's transl)]. AB - Based on the experience of 115 examinations, the authors first describes the normal radiological appearances on arthrography of the elbow joint. Subsequently, the radiological criteria are discussed which permit a diagnosis of intra- and para-articular soft tissue lesions due to closed trauma of the elbow joint. Arthrography with positive (water-soluble) contrast media enables one to diagnose rupture of the joint capsule and ligaments, and to diagnose with certainty subluxations of the various parts of the joint. Is is also possible to demonstrate haematomas between the muscles, which may lead to a reduction in joint function. Negative contrast medium (carbon dioxide, oxygen) permits the diagnosis of rupture of the insertion of the biceps. PMID- 6212460 TI - [Radiation load during extraction of IUP's in pregnancy under x-ray control (author's transl)]. PMID- 6212459 TI - [Polychromatic phase summation for angiography (author's transl)]. PMID- 6212461 TI - Present trends of single photon radionuclide tomography. PMID- 6212462 TI - [Angiographic localization of a bleeding Meckel's diverticulum in an infant]. PMID- 6212463 TI - Renal and hepatic angiography in the late phase of Wegener's granulomatosis (WG). PMID- 6212464 TI - [Pompe's disease as a cause of lower-lobe atelectasis]. PMID- 6212465 TI - [Circumscribed fatty liver. Sonographic, computer tomographic and scintigraphic findings]. PMID- 6212466 TI - [Calcifying lung tumor in a child with hypergammaglobulinemia]. PMID- 6212467 TI - [Hematoma in a mammogram mimicking a malignancy. Contribution to the differential diagnosis of breast carcinoma]. PMID- 6212468 TI - [Bilateral femoral neck fractures following lumbar myelography]. PMID- 6212469 TI - [Coronary artery aneurysms (author's transl)]. AB - Seven saccular coronary artery aneurysms have been demonstrated in the course of 1452 selective coronary artery angiograms. In six patients they were arterio sclerotic; in one patient the aneurysm must have been congenital or of mycotic embolic origin. The differential diagnosis between true aneurysms and other causes of vascular dilatation is discussed. Coronary artery aneurysms have a poor prognosis because of the possibility of rupture with resultant cardiac tamponade, or the development of thrombo-embolic myocardial infarction. These aneurysms can only be diagnosed by means of coronary angiography and require appropriate treatment. PMID- 6212470 TI - [Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) of branches of the aortic arch (author's transl)]. AB - The authors give a report on their first results of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of aortic arch branches in 4 patients. In 3 cases, stenosis of left subclavian arteries were treated by PTA with good result. One patient had a stenosis of both carotid arteries which were dilated with moderate effect. In all patients symptoms were removed. There were no complications. PMID- 6212471 TI - [Yolk-sac tumours of the mediastinum (author's transl)]. AB - Three patients with yolk-sac tumours of the mediastinum have been described. This is a rare primary germ layer tumour of the thorax. Most commonly it is situated anteriorly in the mediastinum. Only rarely is it found in the posterior mediastinum. Only males are affected. In most patients the prognosis, despite intensive radiation and chemotherapy, is extremely poor. PMID- 6212472 TI - [Computer tomographic findings in tumours of the oesophagus (author's transl)]. AB - The computer tomographic findings in 55 patients with histologically confirmed oesophageal carcinomas and in three benign oesophageal tumours are described. In 49 cases, the carcinoma was clearly visible on computer tomography, but in six cases, the tumour was not seen. In another six cases, infiltration into the mediastinum and trachea was demonstrated. In seven patients, regional lymph node metastases were found. The value of computer tomography in oesophageal carcinomas lies in the ability to demonstrate axial spread of the tumour, and the presence of lymphatic or haematogenous metastases during the one examination. This helps in the choice of surgery or in the planning of radiation treatment. Demonstration of the thickness of the oesophageal wall in the region of the tumour can be improved by using a flour-gastrografin paste. PMID- 6212473 TI - [The "false-positive polyp" during contrast examination of the colon (author's transl)]. AB - 44 cases of false-positive radiological diagnosis of colonic polyps are reviewed with regard to cause, frequency, distribution and radiological criteria. Most common causes are scybala and air bubbles (77%) and effects of overlapping and projection (19%). Due to extensive folding of the colon misinterpretations are frequently seen in the sigmoid and in the area of both flexures; the folding allows overlapping of mucosal structures and trapping of bowel contents. The validity of roentgen signs in polyp diagnosis and the limits of colonoscopy are discussed. Diagnostic reliability may be improved by optimal technique of examination and standardized proceeding. PMID- 6212474 TI - [Ligamentous stenosis of the coeliac trunk--a diagnosis of a true pathological entity? (author's transl)]. PMID- 6212475 TI - Supine and erect phlebography in varicose legs. PMID- 6212476 TI - [The compression syndrome of the left renal vein (author's transl)]. AB - Severe compression of the left renal vein produces a pressure gradient between it and the inferior vena cava and results in changes in haemodynamics. The cause of the narrowing is usually the aorta, less commonly the superior mesenteric artery. Compression of the left renal vein may be responsible for a number of abnormalities such as primary varicoceles, primary varices of the ovarian, renal, pelvic and ureteric veins on the left, the more frequent occurrence of unilateral renal vein thrombosis on the left and the development of renovascular hypertension. One hundred and twenty-three selective phlebograms of the left renal vein and CT examinations of this structure in a further 87 patients acting as a control group were carried out. The significance of compression of the left renal vein as an aetiological factor in the development of the above mentioned abnormalities is discussed. PMID- 6212477 TI - [Computer tomographic and sonographic demonstration of renal haematomas following percutaneous renal biopsy (author's transl)]. AB - The incidence of post-puncture haematomas following percutaneous renal biopsy in 23 patients (24 punctures) is reported. The incidence of renal haematomas was 29.1%. The diagnostic value of computer tomography and sonography is discussed. Amongst small haematomas (less than 7 ml. blood), which could only be demonstrated by computer tomography, 8.2% were purely intrarenal, 8.2% were sub capsular and 12.3% showed combined intrarenal, subcapsular and perirenal bleeding. The incidence of sub-capsular and perirenal haematomas of 20.5% is considerably lower than has previously been reported in literature. PMID- 6212478 TI - [Classification of bladder tumours by sonography (author's transl)]. AB - Sonography was used for classifying bladder tumours by the T.N.M. system (UICC 1978). Methods and techniques are described. Since treatment depends largely on the stage of the tumour, classification is of great significance. With an accuracy of 95%, sonography has proved to be invaluable, non-invasive and an easy method. Examples are given to show its use in control after treatment. PMID- 6212479 TI - [Computer tomographic ventriculography (author's transl)]. AB - A method for elucidating complex abnormalities of CSF circulation by using a positive contrast medium (metrizamide) and computer tomography is described. The technique for the method, the results and their clinical significance is demonstrated. The value of this method is compared with traditional ventriculography and with computer tomography without the use of contrast medium. It is shown that the technique represents an important extension of the scope of computer tomography. PMID- 6212480 TI - [Diagnosis of infratentorial aneurysms (author's transl)]. AB - Within a period of two years ten infratentorial aneurysms have been diagnosed. Seven have been operated on. Only rarely the diagnosis of an aneurysm of the posterior fossa can be postulated on clinical grounds or by means of computerized tomography alone. Selective catheter angiography proves to be superior to retrograde brachial angiography in five cases investigated by both methods. In those cases visualisation of an aneurysm could only be achieved by selective catheterisation. Retrospective comparison of angiographic with operative findings shows the junction of the cerebellar inferior posterior artery with the vertebral artery to be the most crucial region for diagnosis. PMID- 6212481 TI - [Advances in the radiological diagnosis of VIIIth nerve tumours (author's transl)]. AB - Where there is suspicion from the audiological and vestibular findings of an VIIIth nerve tumour, radiographs of the skull and of the petrous bones (Stenvers) should be obtained. This should be followed by computer tomography with intravenous contrast medium (a plain series can be omitted in these cases). A negative or indefinite scan should be followed by CT performed after air insufflation. Vertebral angiography is valuable as a pre-operative investigation for tumours larger than 3 cm. Ordinary tomography of the petrous bone in sagittal, lateral or stenvers projection or cisternography with air, oily or aqueous contrast medium need not be carried out. PMID- 6212482 TI - [Stereo magnification angiography--its application in neuroradiology (author's transl)]. AB - The article discusses the stereo magnification technique using the Stereolix system and explains its clinical application in neuroradiology. The special advantage of the Stereolix tube is that it can be used in routine procedure, since it is suitable both for normal serial angiography and--by pressing a button -for stereo magnification angiography. The emphasis of trials was on the applicability for spinal angiography and in the diagnosis of cerebral aneurysms and arteriovenous angiomas. PMID- 6212483 TI - [CT diagnosis of recurrent subluxation of the shoulder (author's transl)]. AB - CT provides a clear, unobstructed and reproducible view of the shoulder joint. This permits, unlike conventional methods, for the first time a complete view of the anatomy and of the factors which predispose to a recurrent subluxation of the shoulder. In addition it is possible to see bone lesions resulting from the subluxation. PMID- 6212484 TI - Magnification immersion radiography: better soft tissue visualization in the hands. AB - We have combined microfocal magnification with immersion radiography and mammographic technique to produce superb soft tissue and bone detail in the hand using a single PA exposure. The lateral projections provide excellent demonstration of the flexor and extensor tendons and joint capsules. This method has proved valuable as the primary radiologic examination in the evaluation of soft tissue lesions in the hands, particularly in patients suspected of having rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 6212485 TI - [Direct radiological magnification of thin objects compared with contact exposures and mammographic techniques (author's transl)]. AB - Image quality of phantom objects examined by direct radiographic magnification was analysed. The following results were obtained. Improvement in image quality by direct x 2 magnification of fine, but contrasted, details is very limited. Contact examination using suitable imaging systems provides images of equal quality. Course detail with poor contrast is poorly rendered by direct radiographic magnification. Mammographic techniques are better suited for this purpose. Exposures, using mammographic techniques, produce the same dose rates as direct magnification. In view of the improved image quality, this method is therefore to be preferred. It also appears that the dose rate for comparable image quality for different techniques (direct magnification, mammography, contact exposures) is approximately the same. PMID- 6212486 TI - [Radiographic investigation during medico-legal autopsies (author's transl)]. AB - During the last 13 years (1968-1980), 427 radiographic examinations were carried out during the course of medico-legal autopsies at the Institute of Forensic Medicine at the Free University of Berlin. Important problems were the demonstration of retained foreign bodies resulting from shooting, stabbing or blunt trauma, bone injuries, identification, and the question of life in neonates. An historical survey is given and 12 cases with special forensic problems are illustrated and discussed, and further means of investigation are described. PMID- 6212487 TI - [Chlamydia pneumonia in an infant]. PMID- 6212488 TI - [Posttraumatic pneumatocele of the ligamontum pulmonale inferior]. PMID- 6212489 TI - [Discontinuous lymphatic metastasis of a cardia cancer]. PMID- 6212490 TI - [Unclear collection of air in the epi- and mesogastrium]. PMID- 6212491 TI - Arterial supply of the left kidney from the right renal artery. A case report. PMID- 6212492 TI - [Sinus of Valsalva aneurysm with subannular rupture into the left ventricle, compression of the left coronary artery and recurrent pericarditis]. PMID- 6212493 TI - [Horizontal fracture of the ventral atlas curve]. PMID- 6212495 TI - [The meniscus ganglion. Early diagnosis by measurements of standardised arthrograms (author's transl)]. AB - Normal dimensions of the meniscus quoted in the literature vary somewhat; measurements were therefore carried out on the height and width on standardised arthrograms. This made it possible to evaluate changes in the height of the meniscus objectively and to diagnose degeneration with a ganglion at an earlier stage. Taking into account other, secondary, signs, 261 meniscus ganglia were diagnosed amongst 3133 meniscus lesions (8.3%) in the course of 5650 knee arthrograms. These were confirmed at operation and histologically. For the first time it has been possible to provide an estimate of the frequency of meniscus ganglion in the radiological literature. PMID- 6212494 TI - [The transrectal sonography of the carcinoma of the prostate gland (author's transl)]. AB - 320 transrectal sonograms of the prostate gland were performed. 59 of these showed a carcinoma of the prostate. This corresponds in 86% of the cases with the usual criteria (form, intraprostatic structure, capsule homogeneity). In most cases an increase in density of the intraprostatic structure was the most obvious feature. The differentiation between carcinoma and chronic. prostatitis is in some cases not possible. Besides establishing the structure, the exact size of the organ can be determined. In this way, by routine checks on patients undergoing radiation therapy statements can be made about the changes in size. PMID- 6212496 TI - [Diagnostic importance of CT examination of the lumbosacral region of patients with lumbo-sciatica (author's transl]. AB - In 160 patients with lumbo-sciatic complaints, CT examinations of the lumbo sacral region were carried out. In 106 of these cases, which were controlled by myelography and/or operation, the CT diagnosis was correct in 74%. In 19%, the CT findings were uncertain, and in 7% they were wrong. A reliable CT diagnosis could be made mainly in the case of a medial or medio-lateral disc herniation of a size above 0.5 cm in diameter if the patient was not operated previously, and in extremely lateral prolapses into the intervertebral foramen without myelographic changes. Small medial protrusions, specially within a narrow spinal canal, or postoperative controls often gave rise to uncertain findings. However, osseous changes as compressions of the lateral recess or the narrow spine syndrome were demonstrated usually better by CT than on routine radiograms. Nevertheless, the indication for the performance of a lumbo-sacral CT should be kept narrow and should be limited to cases with clear-cut radicular signs. PMID- 6212497 TI - [The value of computed tomography in the diagnosis of malignant oral tumors and their local metastases (author's transl)]. AB - Forty-six computed tomographic examinations on 39 patients with histologically confirmed malignant oral tumors are reported on. The value of information by CT is compared to clinical staging in 24 operated cases. In determination of the T category, clinical examination is superior to CT. The local metastases and the outline of the tumor are better diagnosed by CT. Provided that a subtle examination technique is used, CT can be of great help to the surgeon in choosing the adequate therapy in oral malignant tumors. PMID- 6212498 TI - Echographic aspects of thyroid and parotid localizations in non-Hodgkin lymphomas. AB - The authors present four observations of rare localizations of non-Hodgkin lymphomas (3 cases of lymphoma of the thyroid, 1 case of lymphoma of the parotid), all of which were studied by echography. In two of the thyroid localizations, the echographic pattern was identical to that observed for nodes in non-Hodgkin lymphomas, and thus differs from that of cysts and necrotized or cystic tumors. In the one case of secondary lymphoma of the thyroid, accompanied by diffuse enlargement of the gland but no histological proof, echography revealed only diffuse enlargement, without any anomaly in the echostructure. In the one case of lymphoma of the parotid, the echographic image was similar to that of a lymphomatous node, but it cannot be formally differentiated from the structure which can be observed for a mixed tumor or a cystic lymphangioma. PMID- 6212499 TI - [Prognostic value of computed tomography in acute pancreatitis (author's transl)]. AB - A prospective study was performed in 50 patients with acute pancreatitis to find out the value of computed tomography for an early prognosis. CT findings (retroperitoneal fluid collections with enlargement of the retroperitoneal space, intraperitoneal air-fluid levels and ascites), clinical (age, ileus) and laboratory tests (LDH, blood glucose, urea, creatinine and calcium) were taken into consideration. These data were collected during the first two days after hospitalisation and turned out to be of considerable prognostic value: About 70% of the patients died when 5 or more of these pathological findings existed. More than 90% of all patients who died belonged to this group. PMID- 6212500 TI - [Double contrast examination of the afferent loop of the Billroth II stomach (author's transl)]. AB - In 82% of all cases, special steps in the double-contrast examination of the Billroth II stomach make it possible to show the afferent loop. We report about the experience on 140 of these examinations. This method was specially successful before every reoperation, in the search for recurrent ulcer or a retained gastric antrum. The complete visualization of the afferent loop gives information about the anatomic relations and often the possibility to clear up troubles after Billroth II gastroenterostomy, especially when it is not possible to endoscopy the loop. PMID- 6212501 TI - [A method for the investigation of cholegraphic contrast media. Experiments using isolated perfused rat livers (author's transl)]. AB - Isolated perfused rat livers were used for investigating possible interactions between two simultaneously injected contrast media, and which technique, using parenteral application of cholegraphic media, is optimal. The results show that excretion of a parenteral contrast medium is reduced by giving an oral contrast medium at the same time. Simultaneous administration of two different contrast media therefore does not result in improved diagnostic information. The effect depends on the dose, and a sufficiently long interval should be observed between giving an oral and a parenteral contrast medium. A comparison of excretion values following injection of a bolus and prolonged infusion shows higher biliary contrast concentration and increased excretion after a single injection. Comparing only the period after the infusion, no difference was found between these two methods of administration. The single injection offers pharmacokinetic advantages, but an infusion is better tolerated and has fewer side effects. A rapid infusion of 10 to 15 minutes is therefore recommended as the optimal means of administration. PMID- 6212502 TI - [The diagnosis of bilateral renal artery thrombosis due to circular rupture of the intima following blunt abdominal trauma (author's transl)]. AB - A case of bilateral renal artery thrombosis due to circular rupture of the intima following blunt abdominal trauma is reported. A further 15 published cases are tabulated. The pathogenetic mechanism, symptoms, course and value of various diagnostic techniques are discussed. The importance of early and specific radiological diagnosis is stressed and the value of angiography is pointed out. The literature is quoted extensively. PMID- 6212504 TI - [Visualization of intrapulmonary arteriovenous shunts particularly via chest CT (author's transl)]. PMID- 6212503 TI - [Errors in interpretation of myocardial perfusion scintigrams with 201thallium due to poor quality scans (author's transl)]. AB - Five myocardial scintigrams are shown, where there were difficulties in interpretation. In the first three examples, there was excessive distance of the collimator from the heart, resulting in poor quality scintigrams and leading to possible misinterpretation. Two further myocardial scintigrams are shown in patients who had eaten before the scan. In a further patient, there was insufficient cardiac ergometric stress. The problem is discussed briefly. PMID- 6212505 TI - [The value of angiography after shooting injuries (author's transl)]. AB - Angiography after shooting injuries may have to be carried out as an emergency in the acute stage, because of vessel injury, or because of early or late complications. Of twelve examinations, one-third were carried out during the acute phase and more than half for late complications. In order to prevent serious late complications, it is necessary to perform angiography in the acute stage, even when the injuries appear to be of a minor nature. This has been our own experience and is shared by others. If angiography is not carried out in the acute phase, for whatever reason, the examination should be performed at a later stage, if there is the slightest chance of an arterial injury. PMID- 6212506 TI - The mechanism of angioplasty. Dilatation of iliac cadaver arteries with intravascular pressure control. AB - A model was developed which allows the dilatation of iliac cadaver arteries under normal blood pressure conditions (mean pressure 100 mmHg). Segments of the iliac artery were put under pressure and dilated with balloons under similar conditions as in clinical practice. Purposely oversized balloons were used because most of the arteries did not contain severely stenotic plaques and consequently the commercially available balloons had no effect because of their comparatively small diameter. In spite of the use of oversized balloons, the cadaver arteries could not be significant dilated. Rupture of the intima and media was almost invariably present. Leakage of distending fluid through the adventitia occurred commonly. The "therapeutic range" between minimal dilation and partial or total rupture in postmortem studies is small. PMID- 6212507 TI - [Mesomelic dwarfism of the Langer type as a homozygous form of dyschondrosteosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 6212508 TI - [Caudal regression with sirenomelia and dysplasia renofacialis (Potter's syndrome) (author's transl)]. PMID- 6212509 TI - [Indirect lymphography at the eye and in the face- and neck-region with iotasul (author's transl)]. AB - For the first time the lymphatic pathways of the conjunctiva and the eyelids of dogs could be presented in vivo with the water-soluble X-ray contrast medium iotasul. By means of indirect application the lymph flow could be demonstrated up to the truncus jugularis. Because of the simultaneous infusion of the contrast medium at different points the lymphography of the face- and neck-region is considerably facilitated. PMID- 6212510 TI - [Bronchial lipoma. Diagnosis by computer tomography]. PMID- 6212511 TI - [Chondrosarcoma of the chest wall]. PMID- 6212512 TI - [Esophageal sarcoma in Zenker's diverticulum. Difficult diagnosis of a rare disease picture]. PMID- 6212513 TI - [Percutaneous transhepatic bile duct dilatation with a balloon catheter]. PMID- 6212514 TI - [Optimized diagnosis of an eccentrically growing adrenal tumor by simultaneous catheter angiography and computer tomography]. PMID- 6212515 TI - [Extra-adrenal paraganglioma of the urinary bladder]. PMID- 6212516 TI - [Multiple intraluminal duodenal diverticula]. PMID- 6212517 TI - [Extended meningeal calcinosis in the thoracic region in tuberculous meningitis adhaesiva]. PMID- 6212518 TI - ["Internal carotid artery stenosis": posture dependence]. PMID- 6212519 TI - [CT diagnosis of the ventral slit formation of the lst cervical vertebrae]. PMID- 6212520 TI - Aplasia totalis arcus posterioris atlantis. A case report. PMID- 6212521 TI - [Anatomical and functional changes in the heart caused by physical stress shown in M-mode echocardiography]. AB - The paper focuses on the determination of echocardiographic standard values for male and female standard persons between the age of 10 and 30 (n = 180), the determination of the physiological extreme variants of competitive athletes (n = 148) and the analysis of the mode of operation of the heart at rest and during physical stress of the trained and untrained heart (n = 45). Body weight and body surface are both equally suited as reference values for the specification of echocardiographic standard values. Echocardiographic index values relative to the body surface (mm/m2) cannot be used as standard values for persons with different body measurements. Under long-term intensive stress of training an adaption of the heart in the sense of an eccentric hypertrophy occurs in the case of endurance athletes, while in the case of strength athletes a cardiac adaption towards a concentric hypertrophy may be noted. During dynamic physical activity (50 and 100 W) hearts of different sizes at the same levels of stress show clear differences with regard to the changes in size resulting from physical stress and with regard to contractility. Related to equal heart rate as an indication for an equal sympathetic impulse, however, the reaction of hearts of different sizes resulting from physical stress is almost identical. PMID- 6212522 TI - [Perclusone ointment in the treatment of chronic rheumatoid arthritis. Experience with 78 patients]. PMID- 6212523 TI - [The rational use of physiatric procedures in the treatment of vertebral syndromes]. PMID- 6212524 TI - Chemotherapy in alimentary tract malignomas. PMID- 6212525 TI - The effects of impromidine and pentagastrin on gastric output of histamine, acid and pepsin in man. AB - Histamine and hydrogen ion concentrations and peptic activity have been measured in gastric juice in 8 normal subjects during infusion of pentagastrin, pentagastrin plus cimetidine, and impromidine. The stimulation of gastric secretion under all 3 conditions produced an initial increase in histamine concentration and output in gastric juice, which was not sustained. The total stimulated histamine output in one hour was similar with pentagastrin and pentagastrin plus cimetidine, but was significantly higher with impromidine (p less than 0.05), a histamine methyltransferase in normal human gastric mucosa. These results do not support the concept that histamine is the final local common chemostimulator of the parietal cell in man. PMID- 6212526 TI - Comparative aspects of adenosinetriphosphatases. Symposium, Konstanz, March 21 to 24, 1982, Abstracts. PMID- 6212527 TI - Diagnosing parietal abdominal pain. PMID- 6212528 TI - Hydraulic transducer for assessing grip strength. PMID- 6212529 TI - PGM1 subtypes in Galicia (NW Spain). AB - A total of 1,086 individuals from Galicia have been typed for red cell PGM1 using isoelectric focusing in polyacrylamide and agarose gels. The frequency of the four alleles at the PGM1 locus was found to be PGM11+ : 0.6211, PGM11- : 0.1137, PGM12+ : 0.2109, and PGM12- : 0.0543. PMID- 6212530 TI - Gene frequencies of human red cell phosphoglucomutase (PGM3) in Western Germany (Dusseldorf Region). PMID- 6212531 TI - Phophoglucomutase first locus polymorphism as revealed by isoelectric focusing in Southern Africa. AB - Eleven Southern African populations (representing European, Asian and Negroid populations) have been typed for the first locus phosphoglucomutase (PGM1) using isoelectric focusing (pH range 5.0-8.0) in acrylamide gels. The gene frequencies of the four common alleles at this locus in these populations were compared to those found previously in European and Negroid populations. Marked differences in gene frequencies were observed: Negroes have a lower PGM1(2-) compared with Caucasoids due to a lower PGM1(2-) frequency, Indians a relatively high PGM1(2) due to a higher frequency of the PGM1(2+) allele. The Afrikaans and Ashkenazim do not differ appreciably from their European counterparts. The appearances of the rarer PGM1(6) and PGM1(7) alleles on isoelectric focusing are described and some kinetic properties examined. The PGM2(2-1), or 'Atkinson' phenotype, can also be detected with this technique. PMID- 6212532 TI - Macrophage interactions with antibodies and soluble immune complexes. AB - In vitro studies aimed at characterising (1) the binding of monomeric immunoglobulins from a variety of animal species to homologous mononuclear phagocytes, (2) the enhancement in phagocyte binding when antibodies are reacted with soluble antigens to form complexes of defined size, (3) the kinetics of complex ingestion and catabolism by macrophages and the biochemical mechanisms involved, (4) the role of complement in soluble complex catabolism and (5) the stimulatory effects of soluble complexes on phagocyte activity are reviewed. Insights gained from these studies into the in vivo clearance of soluble complexes and into the part played by circulating immune complexes in disease are discussed. PMID- 6212533 TI - Alloantigen-induced suppressor- and memory cells in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. AB - T cell function was evaluated in patients with B cell type of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Unseparated peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) and T cells from CLL patients stimulated in a primary allogeneic MLR were able to inhibit significantly a second MLR between the original responder (CLL) and stimulator (normal PBL) cell donors. Furthermore, it is shown the T lymphocytes from patients with CLL develop immunologic memory during the course of a primary MLR as evidenced by an enhanced response in secondary MLR. These results are discussed with respect to recently described imbalances of T cell subpopulations in CLL. PMID- 6212534 TI - Lymphokine-induced suppressor B cells. AB - Accessory activity required for in vitro antibody production by murine B cells is mediated by macrophage- and helper T-cell-derived lymphokines (IL-1 and TRF, respectively). The synergistic helper activity that occurs when TRF is added early rather than late in the response cannot be attributed to the initiation. We found that the suboptimal helper activity which occurs when TRF is added early rather than late in the response cannot be attributed to the inactivation of the mediator, but results instead from the generation of helper factor-induced suppressor cells. Serological examination revealed that these suppressor cells exhibit the cell surface phenotype (Thy 1-, Ia+, IgG+, IgD+) of a B cell. In an attempt to attribute the generation of suppressor B cells to a distinct T-cell product we examined two T-cell mediators believed to be present in TRF, namely IL 2 and a second factor recently introduced as (DL) TRF. Our results point to a dichotomy of the induction pathways involved in the generation of antibody forming cells and the activation of suppressor B cells, the former involving IL-1 and IL-2, and the latter involving IL-1 and (DL) TRF. PMID- 6212535 TI - Further studies of natural killer cell function in Chediak-Higashi patients. AB - Spontaneous natural killer (NK) activity and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) of blood lymphocytes against five human tumour cell lines (K562, Molt-4, HL-60, Chang, Daudi) and three mouse tumour lines (YAC, P815, RBL 5) were ten- to 100-fold lower than normal in six patients with Chediak-Higashi (CH) disease. NK and ADCC were defective at 4 hr, and less so at 18 hr. The NK activity in normals and CH patients was mediated in part by FcR+, E- effector cells. ADCC against human erythrocytes was normal in CH patients, as were lectin dependent cytolysis and mixed lymphocyte proliferative responses. Phagocytosis of antibody-coated ox erythrocytes was normal in CH patients as well. These observations confirm that the CH syndrome is associated with a profound and selective defect in NK and ADCC activity against tumour cells, whereas other mononuclear cell-mediated functions are normal. PMID- 6212536 TI - T-cell regulation of pokeweed-mitogen-induced polyclonal immunoglobulin production in mice. II. Mechanism of the induction of suppressor T cells. AB - The regulation of pokeweed-mitogen (PWM) induced polyclonal immunoglobulin (Ig) production by suppressor T cells was investigated in mice. Generation of Ig producing cells in PWM-stimulated culture was helped by T cells and the helper activity was markedly augmented by X-irradiation, suggesting that the suppressor cells which may coexist in the helper source were abolished by X-irradiation. Present study also provided direct evidence for the involvement of suppressor cells in PWM-induced Ig production. Thus, suppressor cells could be induced by prestimulation of splenic T cells with high doses of PWM for 3-4 days. Both the precursor and effector suppressor T cells in this system were found to be Lyt 1- 2+. It was further shown that although the Lyt 1- 2+ subset could be directly stimulated by PWM to generate suppressor cells, the presence of Lyt 1+ 2- cells in the culture markedly enhanced the generation of Lyt 1- 2+ suppressor cells. PMID- 6212538 TI - Reversal of povidone-iodine-induced suppressor cell activity by sodium borohydride. AB - We have confirmed the generation of suppressor cells as the result of lymphocyte exposure to Betadine, a topical bacteriocide in common clinical use. Suppressor cell induction is the result of cell surface changes which we found to be completely reversible by the action of the reducing agent, sodium borohydride. These findings are important clinically, particularly as they relate to burn patients who often accumulate iodine concentrations sufficient to depress immune responsiveness. Our results suggest that suppressor cell development resulting from Betadine treatment is reversible. Experimental burn treatment procedures could easily be modified to include procedures to abolish such suppressor cell activity. PMID- 6212537 TI - Anti-idiotype regulation of timothy grass pollen IgE antibody formation. I. In vivo induction of suppressor T cells. AB - Antibodies prepared against antigen B-specific T-helper factor (anti-THF) and antigen B-specific IgE (anti-IgEid) have been isolated and the anti-idiotypic properties of both antibodies were described previously. Both anti-idiotypic antibodies (anti-Id) were used to determine their influence in primary and secondary IgE responses. These studies demonstrated that both anti-Id specifically suppress timothy IgE responses, that the suppression lasts for at least 35 days, and that it is mediated by a Thy 1+ Lyt 1- 23+ T cell. Attempts to induce suppressor T cells with the F(ab)2 fragment of anti-THF at several concentrations (10-80 micrograms per day for 3 successive days) were unsuccessful. This suggests that the Fc portion may be important in presentation of anti-Id during the induction of suppressor T cells. PMID- 6212539 TI - The use of synthetic gamma-chain peptides in the localization of the binding site(s) on human IgG1 for the Fc receptors of homologous monocytes and heterologous mouse macrophages. AB - In an attempt to locate precisely the sites on human IgG responsible for binding to monocytes and macrophages, synthetic peptides representative of sequences of the human gamma-chain have been used as potential inhibitors of human [125I]IgG1 binding to human monocytes and mouse macrophages. One peptide, comprising the sequence of Tyr407--Arg416 of the C gamma 3 domain, showed the same maximum inhibition of [125I]IgG binding to mouse macrophages as unlabelled IgG. Two peptides derived from sequences in the C gamma 2 domain were shown to exhibit limited inhibition of Igg binding to homologous human monocytes. PMID- 6212540 TI - Cloned human T-cell lines with allospecific or natural killer-like cytotoxicity. AB - Cloned human T-cell lines were produced by limiting dilution of lymphocytes alloactivated in mixed leukocyte cultures, followed by expansion of clonal progeny with interleukin 2. Selected clones were analyzed for cell-mediated cytotoxicity (CTX) against a variety of targets susceptible or resistant to lytic attack by natural killer (NK) cells. Clones with classical alloantigen-restricted lytic capacity for normal lymphoid targets were found to be distinct from those mediating natural killer-like CTX against NK-susceptible cell line targets. This was established by direct CTX assays and by cold target cross-competition experiments. Moreover, clones with NK-like activity displayed heterogeneous patterns of lysis on different target cell lines in direct CTX, suggesting a clonal distribution of receptors for NK-like target antigens amongst these cultured human NK-active T-cell clones. PMID- 6212541 TI - Deficiency of suppressor T-cells in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: an analysis with monoclonal antibodies. AB - Peripheral blood from 25 patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus was examined for any alteration in the proportions and or functions of immunoregulatory T-cell subsets, defined with monoclonal antibodies. Ten of 25 (40%) patients demonstrated deficiency of OKT8+ (suppressor/cytotoxic) T-cells. Eight of these 10 patients had abnormally high ratios of OKT4+/OKT8+ T-cells. Nine of 10 patients with abnormally low proportion of OKT8+ T-cells had deficient concanavalin A-induced suppressor cell activity against the proliferative response of autologous or allogeneic lymphocytes to phytohemagglutinin. No correlation was observed between the deficiency of suppressor T-cells and the control of diabetes. Therefore, it is likely that the deficiency of suppressor cells is related to insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus itself and not to the metabolic changes that are associated with diabetes mellitus. This study demonstrates both quantitative and qualitative deficiency of suppressor T-cells in at least some patients with insulin-dependent diabetes, that might play an important role in the pathogenesis and autoimmune manifestations of a proportion of patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. PMID- 6212542 TI - Toward development and application of a qualitative theory of hospital utilization. PMID- 6212543 TI - An empirical analysis of HMO market share. PMID- 6212544 TI - Return on equity in the hospital industry: requirement or windfall? PMID- 6212545 TI - How management contracts can affect hospital finances. PMID- 6212546 TI - Costs of neonatal intensive care by day of stay. PMID- 6212547 TI - A quest for certainty: views, memoirs, and predictions on health care economics. PMID- 6212548 TI - Combination effect of mezlocillin plus metronidazole against enterococci, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and indole positive proteus strains. PMID- 6212549 TI - Allergens from plantain (plantago lanceolata). Studies with pollen and plant extracts. AB - There has been unjustified neglect of dicotyledonous (dicot; 'weed') pollens in research directed at isolating pure allergens, since dicot pollens are widespread and frequently important in provoking immediate allergic reactions. Sera from patients who showed positive skin prick test reactions to plantain pollen generally also reacted in the radioallergosorbent test (RAST) with at least one other species of dicot pollen. Fractionation of plantain pollen extracts by ultrafiltration and molecular sieving and examination of the fractions by the RAST revealed a spread of allergenic activity. Using crossed immunoelectrophoresis, at least 16 different antigens were detected in plantain pollen and at least 6 of these antigens may be allergenic. Allergenic glycoproteins that react with concanavalin A were isolated and their complexity examined by electrophoresis and electro-focusing. IgE-binding components were found widely distributed in plantain plants and not confined to the pollen. PMID- 6212550 TI - Studies of chemically modified honeybee venom. II. Immunogenicity and suppression of reaginic antibody formation. AB - Honeybee venom allergens modified by formaldehyde treatment (F), acetoacetylation (A), and coupling to polyethylene glycol (P) were studied with regard to their immunogenicity and their IgE-suppressive potential in rabbits and mice. F indiced a strong IgG response in rabbits and especially mice, but only a moderate IgE response in the mouse. Its IgE-suppressive potential in mice was comparable to that of unmodified bee venom. A induced only a weak IgG and IgE response. Its IgE suppressive potential was greater than that of unmodified bee venom. P was nonimmunogenic and had only a marginal IgE-suppressive effect. F and A seem promising for the treatment of bee sting-allergic individuals. PMID- 6212551 TI - Isolation of human suppressor T cells by peanut agglutinin. AB - Peanut agglutinin (PNA) is a plant lectin which has been used for the separation of suppressor T cells in mice. The present study was carried out to determine whether PNA would be useful in the isolation of human suppressor T cells. Normal human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were activated by concanavalin A (Con A) and the resultant blastoid cells were then incubated with PNA-coated autologous erythrocytes to induce the rosette formation. The PNA rosette-forming cells (15-18% of Con A-activated PBMC) were separated from non-rosette-forming cells by differential centrifugation. The rosette-forming cells suppressed pokeweed mitogen-induced polyclonal immunoglobulin synthesis by 2- to 5-fold. This degree of suppression was greater than that seen with non-rosette-forming cells or with unseparated Con A-activated cells. Our data indicate that PNA rosette fractionation provides a simple and useful method for the isolation of human suppressor T cells. PMID- 6212552 TI - New insight into lymphocytic chalone research. The 'facteur thymique Serique' might be responsible for part of the immunosuppressive activity detected in the 'chalone fraction'. AB - Immunosuppressive activities have been detected in bovine spleen extracts and attributed to the presence of a 'lymphocytic chalone'. Following the immunosuppression of a T cell-dependent humoral response in mice as assay, we purified a peptide to homogeneity present at a concentration of 10-50 ng/kg of spleen whose properties were identical to those of the serum thymic factor. This factor appeared to be a regulator of the humoral immune response in the splenic extract and as such might be responsible for part of the immunosuppressive activities detected in the splenic 'chalone' fraction. PMID- 6212553 TI - Right atrial ultrastructural in chronic rheumatic heart disease. AB - We studied with ultrastructure techniques portions of right atrium resected at operation from 12 patients with chronic rheumatic heart disease and 6 patients with non-rheumatic valvular heart disease. The right atrial pressures, duration of symptoms and age of the patients were comparable in both groups. Ten of the 12 rheumatic and 4 of the 6 non-rheumatic patients had atrial fibrillation. In the 12 rheumatic patients we found severe interstitial fibrosis, extensive cellular degeneration (17% of cells studied) and marked cellular hypertrophy (average cell diameter 16 micrometers). The six non-rheumatic patients showed evidence of cellular hypertrophy (average cell diameter 15 micrometers) but minimal interstitial fibrosis or cellular degeneration. The degenerative changes in the rheumatic group did not correlate with the degree of hypertrophy or the extent of the hemodynamic alterations. Atrial fibrillation, present in both rheumatic and non-rheumatic patients, did not correlate with the presence of cellular degeneration. We conclude that the structural changes in atria of patients with chronic rheumatic heart disease may be part of the rheumatic process and are not entirely secondary to altered hemodynamics. PMID- 6212554 TI - Etodolac in postsurgical pain: a double-blind dose-ranging efficacy study with aspirin and placebo. AB - A study was conducted to compare the analgesic activity of single oral doses of etodolac (25, 50, 100, 200, and 400 mg) with 650 mg aspirin and placebo. A total of 146 patients with moderate or severe pain from orthopedic or urologic interventions received one of the test medications 13-25 h after the beginning of surgery and according to a randomized allocation balanced as to initial pain intensity. Data for pain intensity and pain relief were collected at 1/2 h and then hourly for 8 h. Vital signs and adverse reactions were also recorded. One hundred and forty-two patients completed the study: four were excluded because of protocol deviations. The average response to 100, 200, and 400 mg of etodolac was superior to that of placebo. On the basis of SPID, TOTPAR, and duration of analgesia, 400 mg etodolac was also significantly more effective than 650 mg aspirin. Mild side effects probably or possibly related to etodolac were reported by three patients. This study provides evidence that etodolac in doses of 100 mg and higher is an effective and well-tolerated analgesic. PMID- 6212555 TI - Comparative efficacy of etodolac and placebo in rheumatoid arthritic patients. AB - Twenty-four patients with active rheumatoid arthritis were studied in a 4-week double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel group trial. They were treated with a low dose (25, 50, and 100 mg twice daily) or high dose (100, 200, or 300 mg twice daily) of etodolac or with placebo. In both groups four patients received placebo and eight the active drug in a fixed-titration regimen. Doses were increased weekly and kept at the highest level during the last 2 weeks. Clinical and laboratory assessments were completed before drug and on days 8, 15, and 29. Seventeen patients completed 29 days and seven discontinued the study earlier: six on placebo and one on low dose. Etodolac-low dose was significantly more effective than placebo in nine of ten clinical assessments and in all ten at high dose. Etodolac was well tolerated. All patients had negative tests for occult blood at all times. Etodolac was an effective anti-inflammatory agent and appeared to be safe in doses of 50-600 mg per day. PMID- 6212556 TI - Physical work capacity and classroom attention of handicapped and non-handicapped children. AB - The relationship between Physical Work Capacity (PWC) and 'attention in the classroom' was examined using a differential design, with 15 handicapped (age range 94-167 months) and 20 non-handicapped children (age range 91-141 months). The PWC was measured with the aid of a bicycle ergometer and the childrens' attention by means of an observation instrument developed for the purpose. On both variables the non-handicapped children differed significantly from the handicapped children. A low, non-significant relationship was found between scores obtained from the observaton instrument and a teachers' questionnaire for classroom attentional behaviour. The correlation between PWC and 'attention in the classroom' within the two groups was found to be non-significant but different in sign. This suggested relationship betwen PWC and attention merits further study. Suggestions are made with respect to physical training programmes for handicapped children. PMID- 6212557 TI - The lichenoid tissue reaction. PMID- 6212559 TI - Disability and incontinence. AB - Incontinence is fairly common and may be due to a variety of causes, not just bladder dysfunction. Attention to detail will often overcome incontinence, especially if mobility is the major problem. Aids available include those designed to improve independence, such as commodes and personal urinals, aids to be used in the lavatory, such as raised lavatory seats, and incontinence devices. These include pants and pads, external urinary appliances and catheterization. PMID- 6212558 TI - Perspectives in dermatology: German Democratic Republic 1976-1981. PMID- 6212560 TI - Laparoscopy in the diagnosis and treatment of pelvic inflammatory disease with abscess formation. AB - Laparoscopy has developed significantly as both a diagnostic and therapeutic procedure. A series consisting of 20 patients is presented to describe its use in diagnosis and therapy of pelvic inflammatory disease with tubo-ovarian abscess formation. The results obtained are presented and the various methods available for treatment discussed. PMID- 6212561 TI - [Clinico-experimental studies on the effect of benzoylperoxide]. AB - Clinical and experimental investigations to characterize therapeutic effects of topically applied benzoyl peroxide (5 and 10% in alcohol-free gel formulation) were performed with: quantitative determination of bacteria in the follicular filaments with the cyanoacrylate technique (P. acnes and micrococcaceae); agar diffusion method for bacteriostatic effects; semi-quantitative determination of skin surface lipids (ground glass method); lipid solvent and thin-layer chromatography (free fatty acids vs. triglycerides); scanning electron microscopy of the skin surface; exfoliative cytology with corneocyte counts in a Fuchs Rosenthal chamber (corneocytes/cm2 skin surface); determination of corneocyte surface are in micrometer2; and a clinical trial concerning efficacy and tolerance of the gel formulation. Topically applied benzoyl peroxide acts antibacterially and keratolytically, has anti-lipolytic activity, reduces bacteria in the follicular infundibula, but does not inhibit sebum production as measured by skin surface lipids. Benzoyl peroxide stimulates the epidermopoiesis with reduction of corneocytes/cm2 from 87,400 +/- 29,000 to 36,000 +/- 19,000 (day 15 of treatment) with diminution in size of corneocytes from 1,018 micrometers2 +/- 74 to 865 micrometers2 +/- 65 vs. 832 micrometers2 +/- 85 (5% vs. 10% benzoyl peroxide). Alcohol-free gels of benzoyl peroxide are better tolerated by acne patients than those containing alcohol, in particular when combined with topical tretinoin (vitamin A acid) treatment. PMID- 6212562 TI - [Drug-induced pellagra]. AB - In industrialized countries pellagra may nowadays be induced by inappropriate diet schedules, alcohol abuse, endogenous disorders of metabolism, and also intake or abuse of drugs. In particular, INH, hydantoine, and other anticonvulsive drugs may induce pellagra by causing disorders in vitamin B metabolism. On this pathway disorders of tryptophan metabolism may also occur. We report here on a woman who developed pellagra after long-term abuse of analgetics and psychopharmaca obviously due to disorders in gastrointestinal resorption and liver metabolism. Phenobarbital, salicylic amide, phenacetin, possible also diazepam, induced the disease most likely. The clinical diagnosis was confirmed by low blood levels of niacinamide. Discontinuation of drug medication and systemic application of vitamin preparations were followed by full remission in 6 weeks. PMID- 6212563 TI - [The succession of precocious puberty and Stein-Leventhal syndrome]. AB - The authors relate the observation of a girl with precocious puberty diagnosed at 4 years, treated for 7 years with medroxyprogesterone and who presents now a Stein-Leventhal syndrome. They emphasize the unique character of this association and discuss the different pathogenetic hypotheses: hypothalamo-pituitary disorder, effect of medroxyprogesterone acetate, hyperinsulinism, casual association. PMID- 6212565 TI - [Initial information for parents with a handicapped child]. PMID- 6212564 TI - Cardiomyopathy in cystic fibrosis: lymphoedema of the heart with focal myocardial fibrosis. AB - Cardiomyopathy in cystic fibrosis (CF) is an unusual heart disease, mainly characterized by a multifocal fibrosis of the left ventricle. The disorder chiefly occurs in the age group of 1-2 years and leads to fatal cardiac failure. The causal pathogenesis of the disease has not been discovered up to now. In two cases of CF-associated cardiomyopathy we found an oedema (mainly lymphoedema) of the myo- and epicardium and a lymph stasis in lymph vessels and lymph nodes of the heart. Based on a comparative study using animal models we speculate that a) CF may be complicated by a disorder of cardiac lymph circulation, and b) chronic cardiac lymphoedema of the heart in CF can cause focal myocardial damage with fibrosis. PMID- 6212566 TI - Synthesis and antibacterial activity of 1-oxacephem derivatives. AB - A number of new optically active 1-oxacephem compounds were synthesized and tested for antibacterial activity. Various 7 alpha-unsubstituted 1-oxacephem nuclei 2a approximately 3 and a 7 alpha-methoxy-1-oxacephem nucleus 3, reported previously, were converted into the corresponding phenylacetylamino-, 2 thienylacetylamino-, D-mandelylamino-, D-phenylglycylamino-, and arylmalonylamino 1-oxacephem carboxylic acids. All the compounds except for the phenylglycylamine derivatives exhibited four-to sixteen-fold enhanced antibacterial activity compared with that of the corresponding cephalosporins. A combination of the 7 alpha-methoxy-3-(1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl)thiomethyl-1-oxacephem nucleus and a 7 beta-arylmalonylamino side chain, as represented by compound 1 (disodium salt of 33), produced the highest efficacy among them: high antibacterial activity with a widely expanded spectrum against Gram-negative bacteria including resistant strains and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was observed. PMID- 6212567 TI - Moldy corn in diets of gestating and lactating swine. AB - Moldy corn was substituted for normal corn in four dietary treatments to provide 0, 2.1, 3.7 and 4.8 ppm of zearalenone. The diets were fed to gilts from the day after first observed estrus through two gestation-lactation periods. Each diets was fed to 11 gifts initially. Overall reproductive performance appeared to decrease as the level of moldly corn in the diet increased, with fewer sows completing two parities and fewer piglets weaned per litter, especially from sows fed the highest level of moldy corn. Three-week-old gilts that nursed sows fed the highest level of moldy corn had increased weight of reproductive tracts. In 35-d-old gilts, symptoms of estrogenism increased as the level of moldy corn in the diet increased, even though there were no symptoms of estrogenism in the mature gilts or sows fed the same diets. Neither zearalenone nor its metabolites (alpha- and beta-zearalenol) were detected in milk obtained 1 or 14 d postpartum. PMID- 6212569 TI - Organic mental disorders. PMID- 6212568 TI - Training teachers in generalized writing of behavior modification programs for multihandicapped deaf children. AB - In contrast to previous studies where teachers were instructed how to implement behavior modification programs designed by an experimenter, teachers in the present experiment were taught how to write as well as implement behavior modification programs. The generalized effects of two training conditions on teacher and pupil behaviors were assessed by a multiple baseline design where, following baseline, two teachers of multi-handicapped deaf children were taught to set objectives and measure pupil performance (measurement training), Later, through a training manual, they learned a general problem-solving approach to writing behavior modification programs (programming training). After both training conditions, experimenter feedback was given for teachers' application of training to a target behavior for one pupil and generalization was measured across target behaviors for the same pupil and across pupils. It was found that measurement training had little general effect on either teacher behavior or pupil behavior. However, after programming training, teachers increased their program writing and correct use of behavior modification procedures and generalized this training across pupils and target behaviors. Along with these effects, there was improvement in pupil behaviors. Possible explanation for generalized effects of teacher training were considered. PMID- 6212570 TI - Trauma: what's new and over the horizon. PMID- 6212571 TI - Closed intramedullary nailing of the femur with a Kuntscher nail. PMID- 6212572 TI - Arthrography and cost containment. PMID- 6212574 TI - Biliary tract disease--clinical approach to a particular subset of patients. PMID- 6212573 TI - Allograft replacement of the proximal tibia. PMID- 6212575 TI - Anterior lumbar spine fusions revisited. PMID- 6212576 TI - Treatment of morbid obesity with protein-sparing modified fast. PMID- 6212577 TI - Manganese binding and oxidation by spores of a marine bacillus. AB - Mature, dormant spores of a marine bacillus, SG-1, bound and oxidized (precipitated) manganese on their surfaces. The binding and oxidation occurred under dormant conditions, with mature spores suspended in natural seawater. These heat-stable spores were formed in the absence of added manganese in the growth medium. The rate and amount of manganese bound by SG-1 spores was a function of spore concentration. Temperatures greater than 45 degrees C, pH values below 6.5, or the addition of EDTA or the metabolic inhibitors sodium azide, potassium cyanide, and mercuric chloride inhibited manganese binding and oxidation. However, SG-1 spores bound and oxidized manganese after treatment with glutaraldehyde, formaldehyde, ethylene oxide gas, or UV light, all of which killed the spores. Manganese oxidation never occurred in the absence of manganese binding to spores. The data suggest that Mn2+ was complexed by a spore component, perhaps an exosporium or a spore coat protein: once bound, the manganese was rapidly oxidized. PMID- 6212578 TI - Isolation and characterization of plasma membranes from the fungus Podospora anserina. AB - This paper describes a method for separating and isolating plasma membranes from the septated fungus Podospora anserina. Plasma membranes were isolated from protoplasts (young cell plasma membranes) and mycelia (both young and aged cell plasma membranes). The procedure of fractionation consisted of a combination of differential and isopycnic centrifugations. Characterization of cellular membranes and enrichment of the fractions with plasmalemma were carried out by assays on enzymatic activities. A plasma membrane fraction was isolated in a buoyant density peak of 1.087 g/cm3, where three enzymatic activities bound to plasma membrane, adenylate cyclase, chitin synthase, and beta-glucan synthase at low affinity for UDP-Glc, peaked together. Good purity of this fraction was determined by the absence or the very low level of other enzymatic activities used as markers for intracellular membranes, i.e., succinate dehydrogenase, alpha mannosidase, NADPH cytochrome c reductase, and beta-glucan synthase at high affinity for UDP-Glc activities. PMID- 6212580 TI - ColE1 vectors for direct selection of cells carrying a hybrid plasmid. AB - pKY2289, a ColE1::Tn3 derivative, useful for direct selection of cells carrying a hybrid plasmid, was deleted of its mobility functions and parts of the transposon including the left inverted repeat. This deletion mutant, named pKY2700 expresses low levels of colicin E1 synthesis even in recA cells. A nitrosoguanidine mutant of pKY2289 which shows a high level of constitutive colicin E1 synthesis was also deleted of the same sequences as pKY2700. The second plasmid, named pKY2800, has the same molecular weight (3.8 megadaltons) and almost the same structure as pKY2700, but produces colicin E1 at much higher levels and has a copy number 10 times higher. pKY2800 requires no colicin E1 induction for the direct selection of hybrid clones, while pKY2700 requires mitonmycin C at a concentration of 10 ng per ml. These two colE1 derivatives are useful as safe and convenient vectors for cloning DNA fragments at the cleavage sites of EcoRI, XmaI, and SstII of plasmid. PMID- 6212579 TI - Biochemical characterization of HgCl2-inducible polypeptides encoded by the mer operon of plasmid R100. AB - Minicells carrying the subcloned mer operon from plasmid R100 were pulse-labeled with [35S]methionine, and the labeled polypeptides were analyzed at various subsequent times by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The Hg(II) reductase monomer encoded by plasmid R100 occurred as two proteins of 69 and 66 kilodaltons (kd). The minor 66-kd protein is a modified form of the 69 kd protein. This modification occurs in vivo. Both of these mer proteins are found in the soluble fraction of the cell; however, the 66-kd protein appears to have a slight affinity for the cellular envelope. Both the 69- and 66-kd mer proteins have pI values greater (pI = 5.8) than that reported (pI = 5.3) for the analogous monomer encoded by plasmid R831. The 15.1- and 14-kd mer proteins are localized in the inner membrane and are probably elements of the mer-determined Hg(II) uptake system. These two mer membrane proteins, which are antigenically unrelated to the Hg(II) reductase monomer, are quite basic (pI values greater than 7.8). The 12-kd mer protein is also a basic polypeptide that is present in the soluble fraction of the cell. Unlike the two membrane-bound mer proteins, the 12-kd mer protein is processed from a 13-kd precursor. PMID- 6212581 TI - Changes in myosin during differentiation of myeloid leukemia cells. AB - Changes in cellular myosin were followed during the differentiation into macrophages of a myeloid leukemia cell line (Ml) which can be induced by conditioned medium (CM) from a rat embryo culture. To extract the myosin, we used three different procedures, all of which gave a lower yield of myosin for the differentiated than for the undifferentiated Ml cells. This low extractability we attributed to increased binding of the myosin to the plasma membrane. Taking the different extractabilities into consideration, we calculated the myosin contents in the total cellular protein from the densitometry of SDS-polyacrylamide electrophoresis, 0.6% for the untreated Ml cells and 1.0% for the differentiated ones. The three ATPase activities of the Ml cell myosin were in the order, K+ EDTA-=Ca2+- much greater than Mg2+-ATPase in the presence of 0.6 M KCl, whether or not there was treatment with CM. Myosin was purified through fractionation with 25-55% saturated ammonium sulfate, then gel filtration with Sepharose 4B followed by affinity chromatography on F actin-Sepharose 4B. The Ml cell myosin consists of 1 heavy chain (H) and 3 light chains (L1, L2, L3), with molecular ratios of L1 + L2/H not equal to and L3/H not equal to 1. The ratio of L1/L2 was about 1.2 for the untreated Ml cells, but it decreased to about 0.7 after differentiation. PMID- 6212582 TI - Reversible changes in the state of phosphorylation of gizzard myosin, in that of gizzard myosin assembly, in the ATPase activity of gizzard myosin, in that of actomyosin and in the superprecipitation activity. PMID- 6212583 TI - Effects of clam-foot paramyosin, tropomyosin, and rabbit skeletal light meromyosin on the ATPase and superprecipitation activities of actomyosin. AB - 1. Clam-foot paramyosin strongly inhibited superprecipitation of clam-foot actomyosin whereas it did not at all affect its ATPase reaction. On the other hand, superprecipitation of rabbit actomyosin and its ATPase reaction were both inhibited by clam foot paramyosin. 2. Clam-foot paramyosin did not at all affect the Mg-ATPase activity of clam-foot myosin alone (with no actin) but inhibited that of rabbit skeletal myosin alone. 3. Clam-foot paramyosin did not affect the ATPase reaction of rabbit acto-clam myosin but inhibited its superprecipitation. In other words, the effect of paramyosin on the ATPase reaction of actomyosin was simply dependent on the myosin source. 4. Clam-foot tropomyosin slightly enhanced superprecipitation of clam-foot actomyosin and scarcely affected its ATPase reaction, but it inhibited the reactions both of skeletal actomyosin and of rabbit acto-clam myosin. 5. Rabbit skeletal light-meromyosin (LMM) inhibited the ATPase and superprecipitation reactions of rabbit skeletal actomyosin, but it scarcely affected the ATPase reaction of rabbit acto-clam myosin while inhibiting its superprecipitation. In other words, rabbit LMM behaved the same way as clam paramyosin did. 6. Speculating on these findings and our previous findings, we suggest that the formation of a certain filamentous structure is the essential link between the ATPase reaction and contraction in molluscan muscles. PMID- 6212584 TI - The functional unit of the arom conjugate in Neurospora. AB - The functional unit of arom polyenzyme conjugate of Neurospora crassa was determined by analysis of radiation inactivation of each of the five activities in the conjugate. The functional targets for all five enzymes were in close agreement with the value of 300,000 obtained by conventional hydrodynamic procedure for the native dimeric structure. These data indicate that at least 95% of the functional enzyme system in crude extracts exists in a dimeric form and that both polypeptide chains of the homodimer are required for full activity of each of the five enzymes. PMID- 6212585 TI - Purification and properties of a transcriptional activator. The cII protein of phage lambda. AB - We have purified the phage lambda transcriptional activator protein cII. The procedure described allows cII to be obtained in both high purity and yield, and thus allows detailed physical and chemical analysis. We demonstrate that cII in solution is a tetrameric protein and that it undergoes specific processing at its NH2-terminal end. In addition, the protein is characterized as to its molar extinction coefficient, molecular weight, amino acid composition, isoelectric point, alpha-helical content, and antigenic capability. PMID- 6212586 TI - Dislocation of the hip in trisomy 21. AB - Almost one child in twenty with trisomy 21 will develop spontaneous dislocation of the hip between learning to walk and the age of 10 years. After the age of two years spontaneous habitual dislocation may occur. If left untreated, acute dislocation, subluxation and fixed dislocation follow in sequence. The natural history of the condition is described and the clinical and radiological features of 45 dislocations in 28 patients are presented. Nineteen had received no treatment. The most effective treatment was found to be pelvic or femoral osteotomy, combined with capsular plication, carried out in the phase of habitual dislocation. Once subluxation or fixed dislocation was present, the results of operation were poor and it is not recommended. All patients, even if left untreated, remain mobile. Pain is not a prominent feature. PMID- 6212587 TI - The value of technetium and gallium scanning in assessing pain after total hip replacement. PMID- 6212589 TI - Quantitative determination of 1-2(chloroethyl)-3-(beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-1 nitrosourea in blood and urine of man. PMID- 6212590 TI - Two types of male pseudohermaphroditism due to 17, 20-desmolase deficiency. AB - Three patients with male pseudohermaphroditism due to 17,20-desmolase deficiency were studied at a pubertal age. Patients 1 and 2 (first cousins, raised as males) had inter-sexual external genitalia, some spontaneous male pubertal development, some response of plasma testosterone to hCG, low plasma dehydroepiandrosterone, and pregnanetriolone (3 alpha, 17 alpha, 20 alpha-trihydroxypregnan-11-one) in urine. Patient 3 (unrelated, raised as a female) had female external genitalia, no spontaneous pubertal development, no response of plasma testosterone to hCG, normal plasma dehydroepiandrosterone, and no pregnanetriolone in urine. It is concluded that two types of 17,20-desmolase deficiency exist: one with an incomplete defect in both, the delta 4- and the delta 5-pathway (patients 1 and 2), and one with a complete defect in the delta 4-pathway only (patient 3). PMID- 6212588 TI - Phosphorylation of lymphocyte myosin catalyzed in vitro and in intact cells. AB - Myosin has been isolated from guinea pig B-lymphocytic leukemia cells (L2C). The myosin has been enzymatically phosphorylated and dephosphorylated in vitro using both heterologous and lymphocyte-derived enzymes. Both the heavy chain and 20,000 dalton light chain of lymphocyte myosin are phosphorylated in vitro. Phosphorylation of myosin enhances actin-activated ATPase activity. Phosphorylation of myosin in murine lymphocytes was analyzed by use of a novel technique for rapid immunoprecipitation of myosin from cell extracts. Both the heavy chain and 20,000-dalton light chain of myosin are phosphorylated in intact cells. Addition of antibody reactive with cell-surface immunoglobulin to lymphocyte populations enriched for B cells stimulates locomotion of these cells and also increases the quantity of 32P isolated in association with the 20,000 dalton light chain of lymphocyte myosin, when 32Pi was present in the medium. In addition, an unidentified, phosphorylated polypeptides with a molecular mass of 22,000 daltons is co-isolated with myosin from cells by rapid immunoprecipitation. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that phosphorylation of myosin may contribute to regulation of movements performed by lymphocytes which are related to their participation in immunologic reactions. PMID- 6212591 TI - Characterization of human peripheral blood T lymphocytes bearing receptors for autologous erythrocytes and T lymphocytes lacking these receptors. AB - When human T cells were treated with neuraminidase from Vibrio cholerae, the capacity of T cells to form rosettes with autologous erythrocytes was markedly enhanced. The neuraminidase-treated T cells wee separated with autologous erythrocytes into autorosetting and nonrosetting cell populations, and these two populations examined for their reactivity to mitogens and B cells and for their regulatory activities. Autorosetting T cells proliferated poorly in response to mitogens and autologous and allogeneic B cells; these cells were particularly enriched for cells capable of becoming concanavalin A-induced suppressor cells. Nonrosetting T cells capable of most actively proliferating in response to the mitogens and the B cells failed to exhibit such suppressor function after concanavalin A activation. Coculture experiments between autorosetting and nonrosetting cells further demonstrated that the nonrosetting T cells were able to potentiate the proliferation of the autorosetting T cells with concomitant expression of the suppressor properties. PMID- 6212592 TI - Biotin-responsive immunoregulatory dysfunction in multiple carboxylase deficiency. AB - The immunoregulatory system has recently been shown to require prostaglandins (PG) for its activation in man. We report here an impairment of immunoregulatory function, due to defective PGE monocytic production, in a 12-month-old boy with multiple carboxylase deficiency (MCD). The abnormal immune-response was corrected in vitro by adding PGE to the medium. Moreover, PGE deficiency and immunoregulatory dysfunction responded to biotin administration in vivo. It is suggested that the PGE deficiency in MCD could result from an impaired activity of a biotin enzyme, acetyl CoA carboxylase, since the product of this enzyme reaction, malonyl CoA, is required for prostaglandin synthesis. PMID- 6212594 TI - [The alteration of Ca2+-dependent ATPase and 45Ca-calcium uptake in sarcoplasmic reticulum of atrophied muscles derived from vitamin E deficient rats]. PMID- 6212593 TI - Immunoregulation in hypersensitivity pneumonitis. I. Differences in T-cell and macrophage suppressor activity in symptomatic and asymptomatic pigeon breeders. PMID- 6212595 TI - Tentative interpretive standards for agar disk diffusion antimicrobial susceptibility testing of cefoperazone. AB - Cefoperazone is a new cephalosporin with a very wide spectrum of activity, including activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. It has less activity on enterococci and Acinetobacter. Of the 459 selected bacterial strains tested in this study, only 1.5% (7 strains and 6 genera) had minimum inhibitory concentrations of greater than or equal to 128 micrograms/ml. For a minimum inhibitory concentration breakpoint of less than or equal to 32 micrograms/ml (susceptible), we recommend that the disk diffusion test be done with a 75 micrograms disk and breakpoints of greater than or equal to 18 mm for susceptible, 15 to 17 mm for intermediate, and less than or equal to 14 mm for resistant. Diffusion tests using these criteria yielded only 1.1% very major or major errors. PMID- 6212596 TI - Cefoperazone disk diffusion susceptibility test: confirmation of the tentative interpretive criteria, Pseudomonas aeruginosa cross-resistance, and determination of quality control performance limits. AB - Cefoperazone disk diffusion test and minimum inhibitory concentration comparison studies were performed on 421 recent bacterial isolates, using 30- and 75 micrograms commercially prepared disks. Acceptable correlation coefficients ( 0.82 to -0.86) and very major (false-susceptible) interpretive error rates (less than 1%) were obtained with both disk concentrations. The interpretive criteria for both disks were identical. Using the preferred 75-micrograms disk, the Thornsberry et al. criteria (J. Clin. Microbiol. 15:769-776, 1982) of greater than or equal to 18 mm = susceptible (less than or equal to 32 micrograms/ml) and less than or equal to 14 mm = resistant (greater than 64 micrograms/ml) resulted in only 5.5% of strains having indeterminate-range zone diameters; the 30 micrograms disk had 6.9% of strains with indeterminate zone diameters. The 75 micrograms disk, excluding the testing of enterococci, minimized the very major and other interpretive errors to less than 5%. Larger zone diameters will contribute few technical problems with either disk concentration. Data from 1,320 zone diameters submitted for each quality control strain indicated no significant (P greater than 0.05) difference between disks made by the three major manufacturers, and consistent results were obtained within each laboratory with numerous lots of Mueller-Hinton agar (except for one manufacturer). Individual daily test and accuracy quality control ranges were calculated from clinical investigator laboratory data at 16 hospitals based on mean zone sizes and from an additional 8 laboratories with both mean and median calculations. The quality control data were nearly identical, and ranges calculated by the two methods were very similar. Susceptibility tests of Pseudomonas aeruginosa indicate that the cefoperazone disk or minimum inhibitory concentration test would accurately predict P. aeruginosa susceptibility test results for other pseudomonas-active cephalosporins (cefsulodin and ceftazidime), thus producing no very major interpretive errors. PMID- 6212598 TI - Captopril-induced skin eruptions. AB - Seven of 23 hypertensive patients treated with captopril (SQ 14,225), an orally active converting enzyme inhibitor, developed a pruritic, erythematous, macular, and papular eruption of the trunk, face, and proximal extremities. The eruption appeared one to 31 weeks after initiation of captopril therapy and was associated with diarrhea (three patients), fever (two patients), and generalized arthralgias (one patient). Six patients had an increased percentage of band cells (5 to 34 per cent) on peripheral smear without an associated leukocytosis. In one patient, the skin rash was associated with a peripheral eosinophilia (20 per cent). Coombs positive hemolytic anemia, and acute renal failure with eosinophiluria. There were no changes in BUN, creatinine, or urinalyses in the remaining patients. Four patients showed a transient rise in plasma PGE without concomitant changes in plasma PFG2 alpha or 6-keto PGF1 alpha, and three patients had slight elevations in the erythrocyte sedimentation rate. Skin biopsies revealed a perivascular and perifollicular lymphocytic and histiocytic infiltrate with negative immunofluorescence to IgG, IgM, IgA, and beta 1 C. The skin eruption and associated symptoms resolved in all patients, even though captopril administration was continued in six of the seven patients. PMID- 6212597 TI - Human monocyte-derived soluble product(s) has an accessory function in the generation of histamine- and concanavalin A-induced suppressor T cells. AB - We have analyzed the cellular interactions required for the generation of histamine- and concanavalin A (Con A)-induced suppressor T cells by employing a co-culture assay and techniques for fractionation of human blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). PBMC cultured in the presence of histamine (0.1 mM-1 mM) or Con A (20 micrograms/ml) for 24 h, mitomycin treated and subsequently combined with autologous mitogen-stimulated mononuclear cells, significantly suppressed a subsequent blastogenic response. PBMC fractionated over nylon wool columns and depleted of adherent cells and enriched for T cells (NWNA-T) were unable to generate suppressor activity. However, suppressor cell function by NWNA-T cells was reconstituted by the addition of autologous monocytes. In both the histamine and ConA suppressor systems, the requirement for monocytes in the activation process was enhanced by suspending the NWNA-T population in supernatants derived from allogeneic monocytes stimulated with heat-killed Staphylococcus albus. These crude supernatants contained leukocytic pyrogen (LP) and lymphocyte activating factor (LAF). Sequential purification and separation of the crude supernatants using gel-filtration, immunoadsorption, and isoelectric focusing demonstrated that only those fractions containing LP and LAF were capable to reconstituting NWNA-T cell histamine and Con A-induced suppressor activity. Thus, these studies suggest that the accessory role of supernatants derived from activated monocytes in the generation of suppressor cells may be mediated by LP/LAF. Further studies are in progress to explore the mechanism by which soluble factors stimulate suppressor T cells. PMID- 6212599 TI - Dermatological reactions to lithium: a critical review of the literature. AB - This article reviews clinical reports of dermatological reactions to lithium. Such reactions include maculopapular, acneiform, and follicular eruptions, psoriasis, and other manifestations. Standard psychiatric texts offer the psychiatrist little information concerning the prevalence or seriousness of these reactions, nor do they discuss the effectiveness of various treatment alternatives. More surprisingly, most dermatology texts do not even describe skin reactions to lithium. Dermatological reactions to lithium may occur more commonly than previously documented, but with the exception of some psoriatic cases, management without the need for lithium discontinuation is usually possible. PMID- 6212600 TI - Allergy and adverse drug reactions. AB - This review begins with a classification of adverse drug reactions and a summary of those features that distinguish allergic from toxic and idiosyncratic reactions. Factors that influence the risk of developing drug allergy are then reviewed, followed by a discussion of the known and suspected immunologic mechanisms responsible for the development of drug allergy. The next section-on the types of clinical reactions-begins with the reactions that are mediated, or suspected of being mediated, by antibodies of the immunoglobulin E class. These are followed by a description of reactions involving single organ systems and those involving several systems. The next section reviews the cutaneous reactions that are sometimes due to drug allergy, and those that may be mistakenly blamed on drug allergy. This is followed by a discussion of pseudoallergic drug reactions-caused by toxicity or side effects of some drugs. The review concludes with a discussion of the prevention and treatment of reactions that are allergic or commonly suspected of being allergic. PMID- 6212601 TI - Necrobiotic granulomas associated with bovine collagen test site injections. PMID- 6212602 TI - Clinical use of a selective culture medium for wild and antibiotic-resistant Propionibacterium acnes. PMID- 6212603 TI - Contact allergy: competitive roles of effector and suppressor cells. PMID- 6212604 TI - Abnormal biomechanics of feet and their cause of hyperkeratoses. AB - A brief review of pedal anatomy and the mechanisms enabling feet to function as organs of locomotion is presented. The importance of the subtalar joint is emphasized. Four major abnormalities disturbing normal foot function are noted, and the most commonly encountered of these alterations, rearfoot varus, is discussed in some detail. A series of pedal abnormalities in rearfoot varus occurs because in the foot's attempt to overcome its imbalance, it pronates excessively and causes development of callus, corn, hallux valgus, and even ingrown toenail. Haglund's deformity, soft corn, and tailor's bunion are also secondary to the abnormality. Attempts to restrict the germinal compensatory pronation by various forms of padding of the medial aspect of the foot are frequently rewarded by restoration of asymptomatic feet. Surgical means of restoring normal function are briefly discussed. PMID- 6212606 TI - Surgical treatment of chronic axillary and genitocrural acne conglobata by split thickness skin grafting. PMID- 6212605 TI - Histopathological evaluation of cocaine-induced skin lesions in the rat. PMID- 6212607 TI - Penicillin and cephalosporin--induced rash in guinea pigs. PMID- 6212608 TI - Development of chronic pulmonary inflammation in immunized guinea pigs by aerosol challenge with antigen: relationship of immune complex disease and cell-mediated hypersensitivity. AB - Immunized guinea pigs develop immune complex disease (ICD) in the lungs after a single aerosol challenge with specific antigen. In the current study, immunized guinea pigs developed chronic pulmonary inflammation and cellular immunity (CI) in the lungs when aerosol challenged daily with specific antigen for 2 wk. When immune serum was passively transferred to normal recipients that were then aerosol challenged with specific antigen for 2 wk, chronic pulmonary inflammation and CI did not develop. These results suggest that ICD produced by passive transfer of serum and subsequent aerosol exposure to antigen was inadequate to cause chronic pulmonary inflammation and CI. The development of chronic pulmonary inflammation by aerosol challenge with antigen was suppresed with cobra venom factor. However, because of other studies, we attribute this suppression to the diminution of complement (C) factors in the alternative C pathway that affect macrophage mobility rather than to the depletion of C5a, which is important in the development of ICD. PMID- 6212609 TI - Long-lived populations: extreme old age. PMID- 6212610 TI - The construct validity of life satisfaction among the elderly. AB - A construct validation study of life satisfaction was completed with a modified random area probability sample of 325 older persons (M = 73.0, SD = 8.2) residing in the Phoenix metropolitan area. Internal consistency reliability estimates for the Life Satisfaction Index Form Z and both subscales of the Affect Balance Scale were consistent with previous reports. Within self-ascribed handicapped and nonhandicapped groups, six life satisfaction measures generally correlated more highly with each other than with an alcohol use measure, suggesting adequate convergent-discriminant validity. Finally, the handicapped group had lower life satisfaction than the nonhandicapped group, and stepdown F tests indicated some redundancy among the life satisfaction measures. PMID- 6212612 TI - The clinical significance of pericentric inversion of the human Y chromosome: a rare "third" type of heteromorphism. AB - A 28-year-old normal East Indian was found to have a pericentric inversion of the Y chromosome. After reviewing the literature, it was concluded that an inverted Y chromosome does not impede the production of normal sperm and does not predispose to non-disjunction of other chromosomes in the progeny. Thus, the earlier concept of nondisjunction was rejected, and it is suggested that aberrant cases with aneuploidy and an inverted Y are fortuitous. The pericentric inverted Y is inherited from generation to generation and has no clinical significance. The prevalence of males with pericentric Y inversion in the general population is approximately 1 per 1000. It is suggested that a pericentric inversion of the Y chromosome is a rare chromosomal heteromorphism and should be called type III. PMID- 6212611 TI - Esterases in the malaria vector mosquito, Anopheles culicifacies. Genetic and linkage analyses of an alpha and beta polymorphism. AB - The genetic and linkage analyses of an alpha and beta esterase polymorphism in Anopheles culicifacies are presented. A survey of laboratory strains uncovered four electrophoretic variants for the alpha esterase and two for the beta esterase. Genetic analyses indicated that the variants of the alpha esterase are under the control of codominant alleles of a single locus and that this locus is linked to the locus controlling the expression of the codominant alleles of the beta esterases. The esterases are not linked either to sex (chromosome 1) or to maroon eye (chromosome 2) but to the chromosome 3 markers, dieldrin resistance and phosphoglucomutase. The gene sequence is Est-alpha--Dl--Pgm--Est-beta dnd the recombination frequencies are as follows: Est-alpha--Dl = 2.9 percent; Dl--Pgm = 5.8 percent; Pgm--Est-beta = 6.4 percent; Est-alpha--Est-beta = 15.1 percent, Est alpha--Pgm = 8.7 percent and Dl--Est-beta = 12.2 percent. PMID- 6212613 TI - Langerhans cells as stimulator cells in the murine primary epidermal cell lymphocyte reaction: alteration by UV-B irradiation. PMID- 6212614 TI - [Pulmonary vascular disease in congenital septal defect with Down syndrome (author's transl)]. PMID- 6212615 TI - [Characteristics of suppressor cells associated with antitumor immunity and their elimination leading to enhancement of antitumor immunity (author's transl)]. PMID- 6212616 TI - [Luteotropic effect of human chorionic gonadotropin on human corpus luteum in early gestation (author's transl)]. AB - To study the luteotropic effect of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) on human corpus luteum in early gestation, serum pregnenolone, 17 alpha OH-pregnenolone, dehydroepiandrosterone, progesterone, 17 alpha OH-progesterone, androstenedione, 20 alpha-dihydroprogesterone and estradiol levels in both ovarian and peripheral venous blood measured by RIA before and after administration of hCG. Seven patients selected for this experiment were 6 to 16 weeks of gestation complicated with fibromyoma. On hysterectomy, 1,000 or 2,000 I.U. of hCG was directly injected into the ovary with corpus luteum to the patients of 6, 12 and 16 weeks of gestation, or 100,000 I.U. of hCG was infused intravenously to the patients of 9 and 14 weeks of gestation. Before 12 weeks of gestation, all free steroid levels except for conjugated steroids in ovarian vein increased promptly 1.8 to 8.9 fold as compared with control levels and stayed high levels for 25 to 60 minutes after administration of hCG. However no marked alteration of these steroids was observed in peripheral vein. In cases studied after 14 weeks of gestation, no marked change of steroid levels in ovarian vein was noticed, while a moderate increase of hCG was observed. These results demonstrated that hCG stimulates the steroidogenesis of corpus luteum in early pregnancy. It was demonstrated that extremely high doses of hCG was required to stimulate steroidogenesis corpus in luteum gravidarum of early gestation. PMID- 6212617 TI - [Cervical ripening and fetal adrenal steroid]. PMID- 6212618 TI - A histochemical examination of autogenous microarterial graft to arteries. AB - A comparative study on the localization of enzyme activities in the 3 individual layers of the femoral artery of albino rabbits and the grafted artery revealed. 1) Very active energy metabolism was observed histochemically even in the grafted vessels, tissues usually regarded merely as a duct. 2) On a long-term observation, the enzyme activity in the grafted vessels never returned to normal. 3) All enzyme activities decreased after 3 to 6 months follow the grafting. PMID- 6212620 TI - Transluminal angioplasty (TLA) in occlusive vascular disease. PMID- 6212619 TI - Hyperphosphatemia: a factor that provokes severe experimental acute renal failure. AB - The purpose of this study was to determine whether pre-existent hyperphosphatemia potentiates the severity of evolving ARF. Normal rats were subjected to graded phosphate infusions (0 to 0.07 mmol/kg/hr) in order to induce differing degrees of hyperphosphatemia (6.8 to 10.3 mg/dl). After a 40 min control period, ARF was induced either by HgCl2 administration (12 mg/kg) or by bilateral renal pedicle cross-clamping (25 min). GFRs before and after renal injury were determined by measuring the Cioth. The percent decrease of GFR after renal injury strongly correlated with the degree of phosphate loading (r = 0.71, HgCl2; r = 0.82, ischemia) (p less than 0.001). In addition, phosphate-treated ARF rats showed striking histologic changes not seen in their non-phosphate-treated counterparts, i.e., marked vacuolization of the proximal tubules and variable degrees of glomerular capillary collapse. Renal calcium/phosphate deposition could not be demonstrated in any kidney by the Von Kossa or the alizarin red histochemical techniques. Terminal serum phosphate concentrations ranged from 7.5 to 19.1 mg/dl. Phosphate-infused control rats had stable GFRs and normal renal histology. CONCLUSION: Hyperphosphatemia may significantly exacerbate the functional and histologic correlates of acute renal failure. The pathogenesis of this response remains unknown. PMID- 6212621 TI - Philosophies in treating the handicapped. PMID- 6212622 TI - Cefoxitin in the treatment of uncomplicated gonorrhoea in the male. PMID- 6212623 TI - Analysis of the interactions between two molecules that are required for the expression of Ly-2 suppressor cell activity. Three different types of focusing events may be needed to deliver the suppressive signal. AB - We described a T suppressor factor made by an I-J- Ly-2 T cell (Ly-2 TsF) that expresses biological activity only when its acceptor cell shares H-2-linked polymorphic genes with the cells that made the Ly-2 TsF (or when the producer cell had differentiated in a thymic environment where the gene products of the acceptor cell were expressed). The Ly-2 TsF requires the presence of I-J+ Ly-1 cells in the assay culture to express its suppressive activity, although removal of the I-J+ Ly-1 cells in the assay cultures with an I-J+ soluble factor derived from them. This I-J+ molecule not only fails to bind antigen but is also antigen nonspecific in that it can come from Ly-1 cells making factors of irrelevant specificities. For the I-J+ molecule to replace the activity of the I-J+ Ly-1 cell in the assay population, in restoring suppressive function in cultures depleted of I-J+ Ly-1 cells, it must share genetic polymorphisms linked to the I J subregion with the Ly-2 TsF and genetic polymorphisms linked to Igh-V with the target cell. These results indicate that an I-J+ antigen-nonspecific molecule combines with an antigen-specific Ly-2 TsF via an I-J- anti-I-J "type" of interaction. The resultant molecular complex is focused on a cell surface receptor of the acceptor cell. This focusing event is controlled by the antigen nonspecific I-J+ molecule, and the precise interaction with the receptor on the acceptor cell is controlled by Igh-V-linked polymorphic gene products. The antigenic specificity of the interaction is controlled by a receptor for antigen on the I-J- component of the complex. Thus, three focusing events are required for Ly-2 TsF to express biologic activity: (a) the Ly-2 TsF must be focused on an acceptor cell that has the same antigenic specificity (most likely via an antigen bridge); (b) it must also be focused onto an I-J+ antigen-nonspecific molecule that we refer to as a "schlepper" molecule (most likely via an I-J anti-I-J bridge); and (c) the schlepper molecule must focus the molecular complex on an Igh-V-controlled receptor on the antigen-specific target cell. PMID- 6212624 TI - I-J restrictions on the activation and interaction of parental and F1-derived TS3 suppressor cells. AB - An experimental system was developed to independently analyze the H-2 and Igh genetic restrictions at two steps of the 4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenylacetyl hapten (NP) suppressor cell pathway. This experimental system allowed genetic analysis of the activation of TS3 cells by hybridoma-derived TsF2 and independent analysis of the genetic restrictions that controlled the interaction of the TS3 cells with their target population. Thus, TS3 cells were activated in vitro with monoclonal H-2b or H-2k-derived TsF2. The activated TS3 cells were then adoptively transferred to TS3-depleted (cyclophosphamide-treated) recipients of various genotypes. When the TS3-containing lymph node population was activated in vitro for 2 h, suppressive activity was only noted in combinations of TSF2, TS3, and recipients that were matched at both the I-J and Igh gene complexes. The data indicate that TsF2 can activate TS3 cells and that both the activation and the interaction of TS3 cells are I-J and Igh restricted. Using (B10 x B10.BR)F1 mice as TS3 donors, we noted that H-2b-derived TsF2 activated these F1 TS3 cells to suppress NP-specific cutaneous sensitivity responses in H-2b but not in H-2k recipients. Reciprocal experiments using H-2k-derived TsF2 demonstrated that only an H-2k-restricted population was activated in the F1-derived TS3 cells. The simplest explanation to account for these observations is that two distinct populations, each of which is restricted to a parental I-J determinants, exists in the heterozygous F1 TS3 population. Furthermore, we demonstrated that both I Jb and I-Jk determinants are expressed on F1-derived TS3 cells. These observations are discussed in terms of the mechanisms involved in immunoregulation. PMID- 6212625 TI - Conversion of immunity to suppression by in vivo administration of I-A subregion specific antibodies. AB - The in vivo administration of antibodies specific for gene products of the I-A subregion represents an immunologically specific approach to the manipulation of Ly-1+ T cell responses to antigen. This has been demonstrated previously by the capacity of anti-I-A antibody treatment to abrogate T cell-mediated delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) responses to syngeneic tumor antigen, hapten, and non-H-2 histocompatibility antigens. Evidence obtained in these studies suggested that the primary action of antibody was related to its ability to interfere with macrophage-T cell interactions during antigen presentation, consistent with the demonstration that similar antibodies inhibit T cell binding to antigen-pulsed macrophages in vitro. Results presented in this report provide evidence for an additional consequence of in vivo antibody administration that may be secondary to any direct effects on I-A-restricted antigen presentation. Thus, animals treated with I-A subregion-specific antibodies also develop a population of antigen-specific suppressor T cells (Ts) capable of inhibiting recipient Ly-1+ T cell responses to tumor antigen. The induction of suppression appeared to be an essential component of the total biological activity of these antibodies, because elimination of Ts precursors by cyclophosphamide also abrogated the antibody mediated inhibition of DTH responsiveness. These results are discussed with respect to the possible mechanisms of Ts activation by anti-I-A antibody administration, and the general applicability of this approach as a means of clinical immunotherapy to limit inappropriate T cell responses in human disease. PMID- 6212627 TI - Production of autoreactive I region-restricted T cell hybridomas. AB - We produced autoreactive T cell hybridomas that can be induced to secrete interleukin 2 by co-culture with either syngeneic splenic stimulator cells or syngeneic Ia-positive B cell-B lymphoma hybridomas. These autoreactive hybridomas arose from the fusion of pork insulin-primed lymph node T cells with the AKR thymoma BW 5147 and occurred at a higher frequency than the expected insulin specific hybridomas. Mapping studies using recombinant strains and blocking studies using monoclonal anti-Ia antibodies localized the stimulatory determinant to the I-Ad subregion of the major histocompatibility complex. These T cell hybridomas did not appear to be directed at any foreign antigen present in the culture system because activation occurred in serum-free, insulin-free medium (Iscove's medium). Such hybridomas should prove to be a potent tool in studying the biologic significance and function of the autoreactive response. PMID- 6212628 TI - Similarity-related channel interactions in visual processing. AB - Lateral interference between letters in the visual field is a joint function of their similarity and physical separation. Data needed to evaluate hypothesis about the processes implicated in these effects were obtained from two experiments in which the task was identification of a target letter always presented in the center of a three-letter display. Variation of target-flanker similarity, the primary variable, was combined factorially with spacing of target and flanker, location of the display in the visual field, delay of patterned postmasks, and exposure duration. The effect of target-flanker similarity on target identification yielded a nonmonotonic function with a minimum at an intermediate degree of similarity. Data from same-different judgments regarding target-flanker similarity indicate that some information about similarity is available even at levels of visibility that do not permit identification of individual letters. All of the findings could be accommodated by a model assuming that only variables determining visibility--exposure duration, mask properties, location in the visual field, separation of letters--influence extraction of featural information pertaining to letter identification. In contrast, visual similarity influences performance by way of sometimes subtle effects on subjects' criteria or response biases and by effects on the encoding and retention of information regarding relative positions of characters in the visual field. The varying effects of similarity reported in the literature on letter identification all appear to be interpretable in these terms. PMID- 6212626 TI - Spleen cells from adult mice given total lymphoid irradiation or from newborn mice have similar regulatory effects in the mixed leukocyte reaction. I. Generation of antigen-specific suppressor cells in the mixed leukocyte reaction after the addition of spleen cells from adult mice given total lymphoid irradiation. AB - We added spleen cells from adult BALB/c mice treated with total lymphoid irradiation (TLI) to the mixed leukocyte reaction (MLR) using a variety of responder and stimulator cells. The spleen cells nonspecifically suppressed the uptake of [3H]-thymidine and the generation of cytolytic cells regardless of the responder-stimulator combination used. We also examined the effect of the spleen cells on the generation of antigen-nonspecific and antigen-specific suppressor cells in the MLR. The experimental results suggest that the spleen cells from TLI treated mice inhibit the generation of nonspecific suppressor cells, but do not inhibit the generation of antigen-specific suppressor cells. Thus, alloantigenic stimulation of normal responder cells in vitro in the presence of spleen cells from TLI-treated mice generates large numbers of antigen-specific suppressor cells, but few cytolytic cells or nonspecific suppressor cells. Similar nonspecific inhibition of the MLR was observed with neonatal spleen cells. This in vitro system provides a regulatory model for the induction and maintenance of tolerance in vivo, in which adult mice given TLI or neonatal mice accept allogeneic bone marrow transplants without graft-vs.-host disease. PMID- 6212629 TI - The case for peripheral persistence: effects of target and background luminance on a partial-report task. AB - The effects of varying target and background luminances were examined on a partial-report task of iconic memory. Experiment 1 demonstrated that with a dim preexposure and postexposure field, varying target luminance has a marked effect on performance. Increased luminance results in significantly longer iconic storage. In Experiment 2 performance on the task was determined as the background luminance was systematically increased. It was found that not only is the duration of iconic storage reduced by increasing background luminance but changes in target luminance have progressively less of an effect as background luminance increases. These results are discussed in terms of the known response properties of cone and rod photoreceptors and their potential contribution to iconic memory. Finally, possible reasons for discrepancies with other iconic memory studies are detailed. PMID- 6212630 TI - Order information in multiple-element comparison. AB - Although it is possible to specify the elements of a list without regard to the order in which they appear, the same distinction may not be possible when the elements are retrieved from memory. To investigate this issue, we used a recognition task in which two strings of letters are presented sequentially. Subjects were instructed to respond "Same" if the second string contained the same elements as the first, regardless of their position, and to respond "Different" otherwise. Despite the fact that order information is irrelevant in this task, we observed in two experiments that reaction time for Same-item trials increased with the number of positions that the letters were displaced. Neither familiarity of the first string nor the delay between strings changed in the size of this displacement effect. To account for this finding, we propose a model in which comparison time for a given letter pair increases with the position difference of the elements in their respective strings. PMID- 6212631 TI - In defense of intraperceptual theories of attention. AB - A distinction is drawn between intraperceptual and extraperceptual theories of attention. Only the former class allows for the selective modulation of amount of nonconscious, perceptual processing of concurrent stimuli. The adequacy of intraperceptual theory has been questioned on the basis of diverse empirical findings. This literature is critically examined and is considered inconclusive partly because of the lack of an appropriate measure of amount of perceptual processing. A new experiment that attempts to provide such a measure is reported. Subjects detected names of states of the United States in dichotically presented lists. Subjects either could focus on just one list (relevant list) or had to divide their attention between the two lists. Amount of perceptual processing of a word (e.g., voice or titre) was measured in terms of the extent to which it primed subjects' interpretations of a visually presented homograph (e.g., spoke). Priming potency of words was greatest in the relevant list and was least in the other list. The data support a broad version of intaperceptual theory that allows for birth perceptual facilitation of relevant stimuli and perceptual suppression of irrelevant stimuli. PMID- 6212632 TI - Interaural and monaural clicks and clocks: tempo difference versus attention switching. AB - We describe a quantitative model capable of explaining the results of all reported investigations of the counting of interaural and monaural click sequencies. The model is developed by means of three convergent operations: (a) reanalyzing absolute-estimation data of apparent repetition rates of interaural and monaural sequences, (b) deriving interaural and monaural counting times from numerosity-judgement data, and (c) analyzing the time that observers needed to respond to the end of interaural and monaural sequences. The combined evidence demonstrates that the perceived onset asynchrony (POA) between interaural events is 24 msec longer than that between monaural events. The model has three components: (a) a "stimulus clock," which represents the stimulus onset synchrony (SOA) between events; (b) a "memory clock," which represents the POA between events, and (c) a "counting clock," which represents the counter increment time. The transfer functions between the three clocks are deduced from empirical data. Other proposals to explain interaural click counting results (attention switching, streaming by locus, counterincrement deficit) are discussed and rejected. PMID- 6212633 TI - Abstraction of themes from melodic variations. AB - A schema formation analysis was applied to listeners' abstraction of themes from melodic variations. A set of transformations of a prototypical melody was generated by systematic application of five transformational rules. The prototype represented the structural central tendency of the set. In Experiment 1 participants listened to the transformations and were tested for abstraction of the prototype in two ways; (a) they were asked to draw the melodic contour of 10 notes best describing the central tendency of the set of transformations, and (b) they were given a false recognition task in which they were asked to recognize the prototype and other transformations, none of which were in the original set, in a procedure analogous to that used by Franks and Bransford (1971). Both measures indicated that participants abstracted the prototype while listening to the original set of transformations. Experiment 2 replicated these findings with participants fully informed about the purpose and design of the experiment, a different task for recognizing the prototype (judging the similarity of transformations to the abstracted prototype), and a different prototype. In Experiment 3 participants who listened to the prototype produced data on the contour drawing and recognition tasks that were indistinguishable from those produced by participants who abstracted the theme from its variations. PMID- 6212634 TI - Perception of anticipatory coarticulation effects in vowel-stop consonant-bowel sequences. AB - Articulatory and acoustic studies of speech production have shown that the effects of anticipatory coarticulation may extend across several segments of an utterance. The present experiments show that such effects have perceptual significance. In two experiments, a talker produced consonant (C) and vowel (V) sequences in a sentence frame (e.g., "I say pookee") of the form "I say / C V1 C V2/" in which V1 was /u, ae/ and V2 was /i, a/. Each /i, a/ sentence pair was cross-spliced by exchanging the final syllable /C V2/ so that coarticulatory information prior to the crosspoint was inappropriate for te final vowel (V2) in crossed sentences. Recognition time (RT) for V2 in crossed and intact (as spoken) sentences was obtained from practiced listeners. In both experiments RT was slower in crossed sentences; crossed sentences also attracted more false alarms. The pattern of perceptual results was mirrored in the pattern of precross acoustic differences in experimental sentences (e.g., formants F2 and F3 were higher preceding /i/ than preceding /a/). Pretarget variation in the formants jointly predicted amount of RT interference in crossed sentences. A third experiment found interference (slower RT) and also facilitation (faster RT) from exchanges of pretarget coarticulatory information in sentences. Two final experiments showed that previous results were not dependent on the use of practiced listeners. PMID- 6212635 TI - An ultrastructural-histochemical dichotomy in crayfish muscle. PMID- 6212636 TI - Phosphoglucomutase1 and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase types in human skin and adipose tissue. AB - Attempts were made to detect phenotypes of the enzymes phosphoglucomutase (PGM) and phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (PGD) in human skin and adipose tissues. Both enzymes could be typed using approximately 3 mg wet weight of tissue. Phenotypes could be distinguished after up to 15 days of aging for PGM and ten days of aging for PGD. Analysis of isoenzymes is potentially useful for mediolegal identification of human skin and adipose tissue. PMID- 6212637 TI - Multiple enzyme typing of the sheath cells associated with the root of a single human head hair. PMID- 6212638 TI - Treatment of gastroschisis and omphalocele. PMID- 6212639 TI - [Experimental research on cholesterol granuloma]. PMID- 6212640 TI - [Reappearance of transnasal sinus operations using surgical endoscopy]. PMID- 6212641 TI - [Effects of radiotherapy on the lymphatic vessels of the larynx]. PMID- 6212642 TI - [Dysembryoplastic process by ectopia of brain tissue in the middle ear. Apropos of a case]. PMID- 6212643 TI - [Traumatic tympano-ossicular lesions. Apropos of 47 cases]. PMID- 6212644 TI - [Value of early auditory evoked potentials in the diagnosis of acoustic neurinoma]. PMID- 6212645 TI - [Delay in speaking and bilateral transmission deafness in the young child]. PMID- 6212646 TI - [Role of computerized gas meatocisternography in the diagnosis of small acoustic neurinoma]. PMID- 6212647 TI - [Demonstration of a new model laryngoscope for suspension laryngoscopy]. PMID- 6212648 TI - [Decompression of the optic nerve by transethmoidal approach]. PMID- 6212649 TI - [Compensating hearing aid (author's transl)]. PMID- 6212650 TI - Isolation from cholinergic synapses of a protein that binds to membranes in a calcium-dependent manner. AB - A protein that binds to membranes in a calcium-dependent manner between calcium concentrations of 10(-5) and 10(-6) M has been isolated in large amounts (20 mg/kg tissue) from the entirely cholinergic electric organ of Torpedo marmorata. The protein bound reversibly to membrane fractions in a calcium-specific and saturable manner. The protein also bound to lipids isolated from Torpedo electric organ and to clathrin-coated vesicles prepared from pig brain. The protein bound to a Triton X-100-sensitive site. It had an apparent subunit molecular weight of 32,000 by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and of 35,900 by amino acid analysis; a broad isoelectric range of 4.8 to 5.5; and 27% of its amino acids after hydrolysis were observed to be aspartic and glutamic acids. Synaptosomes derived from electric organ were enriched in the protein which is probably localised within the nerve ending. It was localised in the synaptic region of the electric organ by means of immunofluorescence. In the electric lobe, discrete patches of fluorescence were seen within the cell bodies that innervate the electric organ. The protein may be involved in the recognition of membranes within the cholinergic neurone. Proteins with similar purification properties were found in all tissues investigated so far, and polypeptides of subunit molecular weight 32,000 were identified in bovine adrenal medulla and guinea pig brain synaptosomes. PMID- 6212652 TI - Combined epidural and peripheral nerve stimulation for relief of pain. Description of technique and preliminary results. AB - A technique is described that combines percutaneous epidural with peripheral nerve stimulation to provide limited paresthesia to a lower extremity. The peripheral electrode is placed percutaneously and positioned along the course of the anterior division fo the spinal nerve anterolateral to the vertebral bodies. This is accomplished by a modified epidural tap. Combined stimulation was carried out in 23 patients with intractable leg pain. Sixteen patients proceeded to chronic autostimulation; follow-up time extended to 18 months. The procedure proved simple; there were no perioperative and only few minor late complications. Results were similar to those from conventional epidural stimulator implantation. It is concluded that combined epidural-peripheral nerve stimulation constitutes a valid therapeutic alternative for patients with unilateral lower extremity pain. PMID- 6212651 TI - Appearance and distribution of neuronal cell surface and synaptic vesicle antigens in the developing rat superior cervical ganglion. AB - Monoclonal antibodies directed against a neuronal cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycan and against a synaptic vesicle protein were used to study the postnatal development of ganglionic neurons and synapses in the rat superior cervical ganglion. Antigen levels in developing ganglia were quantitated by radioimmune assays. Localization of antigens in adult and developing ganglia was carried out using peroxidase-antiperoxidase immunocytochemistry at the light microscopic level. Ultrastructural staining patterns in adult ganglia also were studied. The time course of antigen increases parallels those in previous reports on the accumulation of neurotransmitter enzymes within the ganglion. Both synaptic and surface antigens increase postnatally, with the most rapid changes occurring during the 2nd week. Antibodies stain adult tissue in patterns consistent with the expected distribution of antigens: antibodies directed against synaptic vesicles stain synaptic terminals and cell cytoplasm and those directed against surface proteoglycan stain the plasma membranes of neuronal cell bodies and processes. Variable staining of the cell cytoplasm also is observed. No apparent changes in antigen distribution are observed with the light microscope during development. Variations in the time course of the development of antigens associated with different portions of the proteoglycan molecule suggest that the intracellular processing of the molecule may vary during development. PMID- 6212653 TI - The differences in growth and activity of the tryptophan-NAD pathway between Wistar and Sprague Dawley strains of rats fed on tryptophan-limited diet. AB - Three-week-old weanling rats of Wistar and Sprague Dawley strains were fed on tryptophan-limited and nicotinic acid-free diets for 46 days and the following was observed. (1) Gain in body weight of the Sprague Dawley strain was significantly higher than that of the Wistar strain from the 10th day of feeding. (2) Tryptophan oxygenase [EC 1.13.11.11]activity in the Wistar strain was constant but was significantly increased in the Sprague Dawley strain during the latter period of this experiment. (3) The total amount of nicotinic acid, quinolinic acid, N1-methylnicotinamide and tryptophan in liver and kidney of the Sprague Dawley strain was significantly higher than that of the Wistar strain. (4) Total urinary nicotinic acid, quinolinic acid and N1-methylnicotinamide levels were not very different between the two strains, but it was observed that at the 38th day the levels in the Sprague Dawley strain were significantly higher than those in the Wistar strain. From the above result, it was presumed that the Sprague Dawley strain of rat was more resistant to deficiency of nicotinic acid than the Wistar strain fed on a low tryptophan and nicotinic acid-free diet. Aminocarboxymuconate-semialdehyde decarboxylase [EC 4.1.1.45] activities in livers of both strains dropped to half the original value at the end of the experiment. This change may indicate metabolic control of increase in flow from tryptophan to NAD. PMID- 6212654 TI - Effect of sucrose and Acarbose feeding on the development of streptozotocin induced diabetes in the rat. AB - The effects of sucrose and Acarbose (alpha-glucosidase inhibitor) feeding on the development of diabetes were studied in streptozotocin-treated rats. Rats were raised on four different dietary regimens, viz, a sucrose diet (46% of the total weight in the form of sucrose, 24% as starch), a starch diet (70% as starch), a standard diet (laboratory chow: Oriental Yeast Co.) or an Acarbose diet (a standard diet containing 75 mg Acarbose/100g diet) for a week followed by an intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (70 mg/kg). Development of diabetes was determined by urinary and blood glucose levels (more than 250 mg/dl). The incidence of diabetes in the groups of rats fed on sucrose, starch, standard, and Acarbose diets was 100%, 80%, 70% and 47.6%, respectively. The development of diabetes was accelerated by sucrose feeding and depressed by Acarbose feeding. There was mild diabetes in rats fed on Acarbose diet. The sucrose feeding caused a marked increase of disaccharidase activities in the proximal part of the intestine and in the apical part of the villus-crypt gradient of epithelial cells. The Acarbose feeding caused a significant decrease of disaccharidase activities. The changes in protein content of the sucrase-isomaltase complex appeared to be in parallel with those of disaccharidase activities. These results suggest that intestinal disaccharidase activities are involved in the development of experimental diabetes induced by streptozotocin. PMID- 6212655 TI - Flank ecchymosis associated with rectus sheath hematoma. PMID- 6212656 TI - Deposition of immunoglobulin and complement in mucocutaneous lesions related to treatment with D-penicillamine. AB - A 23-year-old man suffering from sero-negative rheumatoid arthritis developed severe penicillamine-induced mouth ulcerations and erythematous macules. Immunohistochemical staining in a biopsy specimen from the affected lingual mucosa showed substantial deposition of IgM and C3 in vessel walls below the necrotic epithelium. In the affected skin, irregular granular staining for IgG and IgM along the epidermal basement membrane zone was noted, and granular deposits of IgM were present in small vessels of dermal papillae. The mouth ulcerations healed promptly after withdrawal of the drug, whereas the macules persisted for some months. The immunohistochemical findings indicated that the drug eruptions were related to a vasculitis induced by deposition of immune complexes. PMID- 6212657 TI - Old myocardial infarction and tooth extractions: retrospective observation of 14 patients. PMID- 6212658 TI - The effects of various anti-calcific, anti-rheumatic and anti-inflammatory drugs on local (simple) calcergy induced by lead acetate in the mouse. AB - The diphosphonate compound ethane-hydroxy-1, 1-diphosphonate (EHDP) is an effective inhibitor of the calcification reaction induced by the subcutaneous injection of lead acetate in the mouse. Dichloromethylene diphosphonate (CL2MDP) has no such effect and prednisolone and sodium aurothiomalate are also ineffective in inhibiting the reaction. The rate of resorption of the calcified plaque is decreased by C12MDP when this is administered on an extended basis. This effect disappears after prolonged treatment so that EHDP, calcitonin and C12MDP have no effect after 7 weeks of daily treatment. PMID- 6212659 TI - Bacteroides gingivalis antigens and bone resorbing activity in root surface fractions of periodontally involved teeth. PMID- 6212660 TI - Detection of elevated serum antibodies to Treponema denticola in humans with advanced periodontitis by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. PMID- 6212661 TI - In vitro breakdown of gingival tissue by elastase from human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. An electron microscopic study. PMID- 6212662 TI - Variation in sialic acid concentration in gingival tissue from rats receiving excess vitamin A. PMID- 6212663 TI - Progesterone metabolism by rat oral mucosa. II. The effect of pregnancy. PMID- 6212664 TI - Histometric analysis of ligature-induced periodontal defects in beagle dogs. Longitudinal evaluation following ligature removal. PMID- 6212665 TI - Artificial periodontal defects around incisor teeth of beagle dogs. A clinical and histometrical analysis. PMID- 6212666 TI - Effects of repeated scaling and root planing and/or controlled oral hygiene on the periodontal attachment level and pocket depths in beagle dogs. II. Bacteriological findings. PMID- 6212667 TI - Effect of training and probing force on the reproducibility of pocket depth measurements. PMID- 6212668 TI - Application of the ammonia gas-sensing electrode: determination of drugs having a carboxyamide group by decomposition with acid. AB - A simple potentiometric method for the determination of drugs having a carboxyamide group is described. Ethenzamide, niacinamide, pyrazinamide, or salicylamide was refluxed with 20% HCl and the carboxyamide was hydrolyzed. The ammonia evolved at a pH greater than 11 and was determined without separation from the decomposition solution using an ammonia gas-sensing electrode. A linear calibration plot was obtained with drugs in the range of 2 x 10(-5) - 1 x 10(-2) M. This method was applied to the analysis of injection and powder-containing auxiliary compounds. PMID- 6212669 TI - Acrylic microspheres in vivo V: Immunological properties of immobilized asparaginase in microparticles. AB - L-Asparaginase was immobilized in microparticles of polyacrylamide. Such particles were then injected by intramuscular/subcutaneous, intraperitoneal, or intravenous routes into mice to investigate the immunological consequences of the immobilization. Entrapment of L-asparaginase in microparticles did not prevent the formation of antibodies in intensively treated animals. Intraperitoneal and intravenous injections of particles produced significantly higher antibody levels than soluble L-asparaginase. Antigen administered intramuscularly/subcutaneously in microparticles elicited, however, a weak immune response. Dependent on the route of administration, the particles may thus function as an adjuvant. A modified Arthus reaction in the foot pads of immunized mice indicated that antigenicity decreased when L-asparaginase was immobilized in microparticles. Injection of free L-asparaginase, intramuscularly/subcutaneously (2 x 20 IU) in the preimmunized mice produced no effects on the serum level of L-asparagine, whereas intramuscular/subcutaneous injection of L-asparaginase in microparticles produced a depression of the serum concentration. It is concluded that the intramuscular/subcutaneous injection of L-asparaginase in microparticles is the choice route of administration with respect to duration and the immunological reaction. PMID- 6212670 TI - Stimulatory action of verapamil on transport of organic acids in rat kidney cortical slices. AB - Effect of verapamil on the organic acid transport was examined with rat kidney cortical slices. Verapamil increased the initial rate of p-aminohippurate (PAH) uptake, markedly enhanced its maximal accumulation under steady-state conditions and depressed the efflux of PAH. The accumulation of urate was also stimulated by verapamil. D600, a derivative of verapamil, showed the same effect as verapamil with regard to the stimulation of PAH accumulation. Kinetic studies revealed that verapamil resulted in an increase in the Vmax of the transport of PAH. The apparent Km remained essentially constant. The PAH accumulation was enhanced by aerobic preincubation of the slices with verapamil at 37 degrees C. On the other hand, the preincubation of the slices with verapamil at 0 degrees C did not alter the PAH accumulation. Oxygen consumption and ATP content in the slices and microsomal (Na+ + K+)adenosine triphosphatase activity were not affected by verapamil. Verapamil enhanced a Na+ gradient to some degree. however, the PAH accumulation in the presence of verapamil and ouabain was increased approximately the same amount as in the absence of these drugs regardless of the dissipation of the Na+ gradient by ouabain. These results suggest that verapamil accumulated by the slices stimulates the PAH uptake and its stimulatory action cannot be explained by the increase in the Na+ gradient and stimulation of (Na+ + K+)adenosine triphosphatase activity. PMID- 6212671 TI - Branching of muscle spindle afferents of jaw closing muscles in the cat. AB - 1. Functionally isolated single fibres were prepared from the cut central ends of the masseter nerve in cats. Of those firing in response to muscle stretch, most were alpha motor units but some had the properties of afferent fibres innervating muscle receptors. 2. These afferent units were remarkably sensitive to muscle stretch even under anaesthesia deep enough to eliminate all stretch evoked e.m.g. activity in masseter. Moreover, these units responded to gentle pressing of the surface of either the masseter, temporalis or pterygoid muscles. 3. On the basis of their responses to ramp stretch, to high-frequency vibration, to suxamethonium, and to gentle pressing of the muscle surface, the majority were considered to arise from primary or secondary endings of muscle spindles. 4. In reflexly induced jaw movements, the highest discharge frequency of these spindles was observed during the jaw opening phase. However, they were also activated during the jaw closing phase, indicating that the fusimotor innervation to the source spindle was still preserved. 5. From these results, it is concluded that branching of the spindle afferent outside the capsule occurs in the muscle nerve innervating cat's jaw closing muscles. PMID- 6212672 TI - Hypoxic cardiac hypertrophy is not inhibited by cardioselective or non-selective beta-adrenoceptor antagonists. AB - 1. Young rabbits, eight at a time, were exposed to more than 170 hr of hypoxia (O2 at 70-80 torr) at atmospheric pressure during 9-11 days. 2. The animals were injected twice daily with doses of beta-blockers up to the highest used in human therapy, or with an equivalent volume of saline. These controls were litter mates of the treated rabbits. 3. In comparison with untreated normoxic rabbits of similar age, the hypoxia induced highly significant mean increases in right ventricular dry weight (+57%, controls; +55% treated). 4. In each group, the same degree of hypertrophy was induced in the treated and control animals, irrespective of whether the drug used was a non-selective beta-blocker (propranolol) or a cardioselective drug (atenolol). 5. The right atria were also hypertrophied, though not as much as the right ventricles. 6. In all the hypertrophied tissues the water content was increased. 7. No significant change was observed in the dry weight or water content of the left ventricles of treated or control animals. PMID- 6212674 TI - Indications for and limitations of laparoscopic ovarian biopsy. AB - A series of 213 patients with different menstrual patterns underwent laparoscopic visualization of the ovaries and ovarian biopsy in order to evaluate ovarian function. Menstrual patterns were classified in four groups: regular menstrual cycles, oligoamenorrhea, secondary amenorrhea and primary amenorrhea. Laparoscopic gross ovarian appearance was classified in four groups, also. Microscopic picture of the ovaries was also placed in four categories. Laparoscopic vision of the ovaries is not justified in regular menstrual cycle patients. Laparoscopic vision of the ovaries might be useful when menstrual disorders exist, especially in secondary amenorrhea. There is some controversy about whether primary amenorrhea patients should be biopsied. Histology may be important in x,y karyotype primary amenorrhea. Biopsy should be avoided in oligoamenorrhea patients. Premature menopause might be diagnosed histologically in patients with secondary amenorrhea. Gross ovarian appearance may help in the selection of patients for ovarian biopsy. Sclerocystic polycystic ovaries should be biopsied, but the procedure must be bloodless and correctly performed. Streak gonad biopsy is not without hazard, and ureteral injury has been reported. The diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic value of ovarian biopsy should be balanced against the risk and expense of the procedure. PMID- 6212673 TI - The effect of lesions in the neural crest on the formation of synaptic connexions in the embryonic chick spinal cord. AB - 1. The pattern of synaptic activity in lateral gastrocnemius (l.g.) motoneurones in the lumbar spinal cord of chick embryos (Stage 44-45, 19-21 d of incubation) has been examined using intracellular recording. In the motoneurones of normal chick embryos, stimulation of different peripheral, sciatic nerve branches gave rise to characteristic synaptic responses. Stimulation of the lateral gastrocnemius nerve caused a monosynaptic e.p.s.p. which was graded by the intensity of nerve stimulation. Stimulation of synergistic muscle afferents also caused a brief latency e.p.s.p., followed by longer latency excitatory and inhibitory synaptic potentials. Stimulation of antagonistic muscle afferents or cutaneous afferents gave rise to longer latency inhibitory and excitatory synaptic potentials respectively.2. The synaptic activity of l.g. motoneurones was also recorded in embryos in which short segments of the lumbar neural crest had been destroyed by microcautery at 3 d of incubation (Stage 18). The embryos developed without sensory ganglia and dorsal roots in the corresponding region.3. At 19-21 d of incubation, the amplitude of the l.g. e.p.s.p. of l.g. motoneurones in deafferented segments was on the average only a half to a third of the amplitude seen in motoneurones of intact spinal segments. However, both the l.g. and synergist e.p.s.p.s were larger than those seen in acutely deafferented segments of normal embryos.4. In spite of the weak monosynaptic input from l.g. and synergistic afferents, the pattern of synaptic activity evoked by antagonistic muscle afferent or cutaneous afferent stimulation was not different from normal. This was even the case for gastrocnemius motoneurones in which no early e.p.s.p. could be evoked by stimulating the l.g. or synergistic muscle nerves.5. No muscle spindles could be seen in sections of l.g. muscles from embryos with extensive lesions of the lumbosacral neural crest. Incomplete lesions of l.g. segments reduced the number of spindles in the muscle.6. These results suggest that when motoneurones are deprived of part of their normal synaptic input before the formation of peripheral connexions, the identity of the motoneurones (in terms of the origin of their synaptic input) is preserved. Missing synaptic inputs are either replaced by appropriate afferent fibres, if they are available, or not at all. The chick sensory ganglion cells with monosynaptic connexions to motoneurones appear to be unable to compensate significantly for peripheral or central defects in the innervation of the hind limb. They behave as if their developmental possibilities were quite rigidly determined at an early embryonic stage. PMID- 6212675 TI - Laparoscopy in the management of uterine perforation. AB - The introduction of laparoscopy as a routine diagnostic tool for pelvic disorders has prompted its use in the management of uterine perforation as well. A retrospective review of 52 patients with uterine perforation secondary to curettage is presented. In 23 (44.2%) the curettage was discontinued, and the postperforation course was uneventful. Eight patients (15.4%) underwent immediate exploratory laparotomy without laparoscopy; in three of them no internal organ injury or bleeding was found. Eighteen patients (34.6%) underwent postperforation laparoscopy; seven of these women underwent subsequent laparotomy. The indications and objectives of postperforation laparoscopy are outlined. Its judicious use allows proper selection of patients for exploratory laparotomy. PMID- 6212676 TI - Should dilatation and curettage be performed routinely at the time of laparoscopy? PMID- 6212677 TI - Aortic perforation sustained at laparoscopy. PMID- 6212678 TI - Suppressor cell activity in progressive systemic sclerosis. AB - Prostaglandin-producing suppressor cell activity was significantly increased in patients with progressive systemic sclerosis (p less than .01). No significant differences were found in concanavalin-A induced suppressor T cell activity. Although these results indicate an alteration in immunoregulatory function they may represent a compensatory reaction to a defect in the regulation of fibrogenesis. PMID- 6212679 TI - Acne fulminans with a lytic bone lesion responsive to dapsone. PMID- 6212681 TI - Reaction patterns in myocardium in response to injury. AB - Some reactions and their components at a microscopical level in myocardium are described using evidence obtained from natural and experimental cardiac conditions. Necrosis of different types, hypertrophy, mineralization, and other changes in myocytes, changes in myocarditis, and patterns involving conductive tissue are considered. A short summary of some collected values concerning the chronology of myocardial reactions is presented. The pathogenesis of myocardial reactions is complex and is influenced by diverse factors. Although certain patterns are recognizable, firm aetiological interpretation from the pattern alone is rarely justifiable. PMID- 6212680 TI - Genetic markers in south african thoroughbred stallions. AB - Genetically controlled markers are ideal for the identification of individual animals, and throughout the world laboratories have been established whose chief function is to provide a blood-typing service for animals including horses. In order to achieve the aim of improved recording of foals almost all South African sires at stud were tested and their blood type identification completed. The genetic markers included in this survey were 14 blood group factors, transferrin, plasma esterase, haemoglobin, carbonic anhydrase, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, phosphoglucomutase and phosphohexose isomerase. Gene frequency calculations were performed and comparisons made with similar surveys in Thoroughbreds overseas. The results indicate that the strict selection for speed in Thoroughbred racing horses has resulted in a high degree of genetic uniformity between South African and overseas racing Thoroughbreds. PMID- 6212682 TI - Suppressor T cell activity in splenectomized subjects. AB - The effect of splenectomy on the expression of suppressor activity of peripheral blood lymphocytes was examined in this study. 63 soldiers splenectomized for trauma or hematological diseases one to 24 years earlier, were studied by measuring the suppressor cell activity (using the Con A method), and lymphocyte blast transformation in response to lectines (PHA, Con A, PWM). There was a decrease in suppressor cell activity in 15 (23.8%) of the splenectomized patients. This decrease was greater in subjects splenectomized for trauma than in those splenectomized electively (24% and 22% respectively). The decrease was related to length to time from surgery being highest in the first 5 years after removal of the spleen and was more frequent in females (43%). The mean of the stimulation indices calculated from the mitogenic response to PHA, PWM and Con A was lower in the splenectomized patients with reduced suppressor activity than in those with normal suppressor activity. The findings of our present study supports the view that splenectomy interferes with normal immunoregulatory mechanisms and suggests that pyogenic infections are not the sole hazard of this procedure. PMID- 6212684 TI - Suppressor cell activity in patients with newly diagnosed insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: a prospective study. AB - Suppressor cell activity (SCA) was investigated longitudinally, at the time of diagnosis and during the remission period, in 17 patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). The suppressive effect of lymphocytes from patients was investigated after incubation with concanavalin A followed by inactivation. Suppression was measured as the ability of the lymphocytes to inhibit 3H thymidine incorporation in concanavalin A stimulated normal donor lymphocytes. The main findings were: I. SCA was reduced, on the average, at diagnosis but normal during the remission period. II. Patients with the lowest SCA at diagnosis showed significantly lower C-peptide values during the remission period than other patients. III. No relationship was found between on the one side various tissue types and on the other SCA, C-peptide values, insulin dose, and degree of glucaemic control, neither at diagnosis nor during remission. Previous studies have pointed to the significance of immune reactions in diabetogenesis. The findings in the present study may associate SCA with the development of IDDM. PMID- 6212683 TI - Radiosensitive t cell suppression in relation to the TG cell level in synovial fluid of patients with rheumatic disease. AB - Radiosensitive T cell suppression was studied in relation to the level of T cells with IgG-Fc receptor (TG cells) in synovial fluid and blood of nine patients with rheumatic diseases. Irradiation of T cells significantly decreased the proportion of TG cells in the blood of patients and healthy controls. The proportion of synovial TG cells was low in all patients before as well as after irradiation. Irradiation enhanced the helper effect of T cells on pokeweed-mitogen induced immunoglobulin production by allogeneic B cells. This increased helper effect was taken as an expression of decreased suppressor activity following irradiation. By this method suppressor activity was demonstrable in synovial T cells of six out of nine patients and in blood T cells of six out of eight patients and six out of eight healthy subjects. Thus the low level of synovial TG cells was in most patients not associated with a lack of radiosensitive synovial suppressor cell activity. PMID- 6212685 TI - Lymphocyte populations and responses to mitogens in infants of diabetic mothers. AB - A group of 10 infants of diabetic mothers, born prematurely by Caesarian section was compared to an age-matched group of premature controls and to full-term newborns. There was no difference between the three groups in terms of lymphocyte populations at birth. The percentage of T-cells in the three groups was significantly lower than in adults but reached adult levels at 1 month of age. The mitogenic responses in infants of diabetic mothers was found significantly higher than in the two control groups at birth and remained so at one month of age. The suppressor T-cell activity was decreased in infants of diabetic mothers as compared with controls. PMID- 6212686 TI - A case of Di George syndrome treated with thymopoietin pentapeptide (TP-5) demonstrating an adherent suppressor cell of lymphocyte function. AB - A child with the classical features of Di George syndrome is described. The patient was treated with TP-5 and the number of peripheral blood E-rosette forming cells rose from 11% to 69% but then fell to 33% prior to death. There was poor correlation between the number of T-cells estimated by rosetting with sheep red blood cells and that measured by cytotoxicity to the OKT3 antiserum and complement. Although the total T-cell numbers were reduced, the ratio of inducer/helper cells: suppressor/cytotoxic cells remained normal as assessed by the use of the specific monoclonal antisera OKT4 and OKT8. Lymphocyte proliferation after mitogenic activation and the production of lymphocyte mitogenic factor by PWM stimulated lymphocytes was significantly depressed but was considerably improved by the removal of adherent cells. It appears as though an adherent suppressor cell was partially responsible for the depressed lymphocyte function observed in this patient. PMID- 6212687 TI - Prenatal diagnostic services in a community hospital. PMID- 6212689 TI - Kinetic basis of spontaneous mutation. Misinsertion frequencies, proofreading specificities and cost of proofreading by DNA polymerases of Escherichia coli. PMID- 6212688 TI - Regulatory and essential light-chain interactions in scallop myosin. I. Protection of essential light-chain thiol groups by regulatory light-chains. PMID- 6212690 TI - Sequence information within the lamB genes in required for proper routing of the bacteriophage lambda receptor protein to the outer membrane of Escherichia coli K 12. PMID- 6212691 TI - Effects of vanadium on different adenosinetriphosphatases and binding of 3H labeled ouabain and calcium-45 to rat brain synaptosomes. AB - The effect of vanadium chloride on rat brain synaptosomal adenosinetriphosphatase (ATPase) activities was determined in vitro and in rats treated at 1 mg/kg.d ip and 10 mg/kg.d po for 10 d. Additional experiments were conducted to determine the effect of vanadium chloride on binding of [3H] ouabain and 45Ca to rat brain synaptosomes. Na+ + K+ - and Ca2+-ATPase activities were inhibited significantly in a concentration-dependent manner by V in vitro. Mg2+ -ATPase inhibition was neither dose-dependent nor significant except at 10(-5) M. Na+ + K+ -ATPase inhibition by V was more pronounced than that of other ATPases studied. Vanadium inhibited [3H] ouabain binding to synaptosomes by 90% at 10(-3) M; the inhibition was concentration-dependent. Binding of 45Ca was inhibited 50% at 10(-4) M; but concentration-dependent inhibition was not evident. Rats treated with vanadium chloride neither became myotonic nor showed any changes in ATPase activities or binding of [3H] ouabain and 45Ca to brain synaptosomes. Lineweaver-Burke plots of the in vitro inhibition of Na+ + K+ -ATPase and [3H] ouabain binding revealed that (1) Na+ + K+ -ATPase activation by ATP was inhibited by V with an increase in Km and a decrease in Vmax; (2) Na+ activation was inhibited noncompetitively by V, as evidenced by a decrease in Vmax and no change in Km; (3)K+ activation was inhibited by V with a decrease in both Vmax and Km; (4) noncompetitive inhibition of Mg2+ -ATPase by V was observed; and (5) the kinetic behavior of [3H] ouabain binding inhibition by V with respect to ATP and Na+ activation was mixed and noncompetitive, respectively. These results suggest that V is a potent inhibitor of Na+ + K+ -ATPase activity in rat brain synaptosomes. PMID- 6212693 TI - Proliferation of glial-derived cells in defined media. AB - A serum-free defined medium has been formulated that supports proliferation and morphologic differentiation of U-251 MGsp human and C6-2BD rat glioma cells. This defined medium consists of a basal medium supplemented with transferrin, fibroblast growth factor, hydrocortisone, selenium, biotin, and fibronectin (G2 medium). When U-251 cells were plated in G2 medium on poly-D-lysine precoated dishes, their growth rate was 77% and final cell density was 82% of serum-grown counterparts. The growth rate of C6 cells in G2 medium was 67% compared to cells cultured in serum supplemented medium. Although G2 medium supported the growth of human and rat glioma cells, LA-N-1 human neuroblastoma and WI-38 human fibroblast cells showed no increase in cell number when grown in G2 medium compared to basal medium. A similar formulation (G3 medium), lacking fibroblast growth factor and hydrocortisone, supported the proliferation of RN-22 rat schwannoma cells. Morphologic differences were observed between cells grown in the presence of serum and in defined media. All three glial cell lines changed from a flattened shape in serum supplemented medium to a more spherical appearance in defined medium. In addition, both U-251 and C6 cells developed numerous processes, some reaching several cell diameters in length. These defined media will facilitate studies of the growth and differentiation of glial-derived cells. PMID- 6212692 TI - Inhibitory action of high formamide concentrations on excitation-contraction coupling in skeletal muscle. AB - Strips of guinea pig ileum lose over 70% of their contractility when bathed in Krebs-Ringer solution containing 0.4-0.9 M formamide (FMD). This effect is not accompanied by an appreciable loss of tissue water and is totally reversed by washing the preparation in normal solution. Frog sartorius muscles also paralyze when immersed in Ringer containing FMD, but higher concentrations (1.0-2.0 M) and longer exposure times are required. Contractility is not recovered upon transferring these muscles to normal Ringer. However, the contractile proteins still respond to activator calcium as shown by the fact that these muscles still contract in the presence of caffeine. The membrane of muscles uncoupled by FMD retain electrical excitability, and neuromuscular transmission appears to be unimpaired. However, alterations in the early after-potential of the spikes suggest the occurrence of a sarcotubular disruption. Therefore, FMD appears to exert two separate effects on muscle: a reversible inhibition of contractility, as observed in ileal strips and an irreversible blockade due to an osmotic shock observed when frog muscles are returned to normal Ringer. The reversible effect is probably related to interference with the availability of activator calcium, since no marked inhibitory effects on the activities of the actomyosin-like and the calcium-dependent and -independent ATPases could be observed on FMD-treated subcellular fractions. PMID- 6212694 TI - Deterioration of spinal reflex in beagles orally ingesting clioquinol. AB - Spinal reflex and neuromuscular functions were investigated in the beagles ingesting clioquinol over a long period. The twitch tension, the refractory period, the summation of contraction and the discharge of the muscle spindles of the gastrocnemius muscle were not significantly damaged in the treated beagles, whereas the response with long latency of the spinal reflex disappeared completely during the administration not in the control but in the treated dogs. The meanings of disappearance of the spinal reflex in the treated dogs are discussed in relation to the degenerative change in the fasciculus gracilis at the cervical level of the spinal cord. PMID- 6212695 TI - Impairment of visual system of beagles orally ingesting clioquinol. AB - Visual system was examined in 3 beagles given clioquinol for a long period and in 2 control beagles. Ophthalmoscopic examination revealed the decreased diameter of the optic disks of the treated dogs except for one dog. There were degenerative changes of the optic nerves in all of the treated dogs. The changes included disruption of the axons and the myelin sheaths. It was difficult to observe the morphological change of the retinae of the treated dogs. The findings demonstrate that the changes in the visual system after clioquinol administration are severe in the optic nerves rather than in the retinae. PMID- 6212696 TI - Anesthesia in periodontal surgery. PMID- 6212697 TI - Fine structure of the testicular spermatozoa from the channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus. PMID- 6212698 TI - Incidence of Down's syndrome in Rhode Island. PMID- 6212699 TI - Functional disability in the hospitalized elderly. AB - Little documentation exists concerning the extent of functional disability in the hospitalized elderly and the impact of this disability on the care of these patients. A physician-led survey was conducted in a 400-bed community hospital of 279 patients aged 70 or more years. Considerable age-correlated disability was documented. Fifty-four percent of the patients aged 85 years or older were moderately or severely disoriented. Thirty-four percent had impaired hearing, 40% had impaired vision, and 25% had speech impairments. More than half of the patients 75 years or older needed assistance with activities of daily living. Modern hospital design and services may interfere with functional recovery. Evaluation of special care units to minimize the hazards of hospitalizing the elderly is recommended. PMID- 6212700 TI - Factors associated with a malignant or benign course of multiple sclerosis. AB - Eight hundred thirty-four patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) in King and Pierce Counties, Washington, and in Los Angeles County, California, with symptomatic onset between 1960 and 1969 were followed up for disability status in 1980. A higher proportion of the 375 patients who were not walking or deceased in 1980 had a late age of onset, resided in Los Angeles County, had motor or coordination symptoms at onset, and reported adverse responses to heat exposure and favorable responses to cold exposure, whereas a higher proportion of the 299 patients still walking without aids had early onset age and vision, speech, or sensory symptoms, or all three, at onset. The results suggest (1) that both host factors (age at first manifestation of symptoms and types of symptoms at onset) and environmental factors (place of residence and exposure to heat and cold) are determinants of disease course and (2) that most patients with MS should avoid exposure to heat. PMID- 6212701 TI - Clinical significance of ventricular gradient with a right orientation. AB - In 1,000 patients on whom vectorcardiography was performed, ventricular gradients (G) were calculated using a micro-computer. In 73 patients, excluding those with dextrocardia and atrial fibrillation, the X component of the ventricular gradient (Gx) showed a negative value. These patients with a negative Gx were divided into the following 10 subgroups and their G were compared: hypertrophic non obstructive cardiomyopathy (HCM), hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM), congestive cardiomyopathy, concentric left ventricular hypertrophy, aortic valvular disease, ischemic heart disease, myocardial infarction, pericarditis, right ventricular hypertrophy and others. The HCM group was the most characteristic with large Aqrs oriented to the left, the largest At oriented to the right and the largest G oriented to the right. Gx in this group showed values more negative than -50 micro V . sec (-92.2 +/- 32.0) and significantly differed from other groups. PMID- 6212702 TI - Electron microscopic studies on the ATPase activity in myocardial infarction changes in the early myocardial infarction. AB - Ultracytochemical changes in ATPase activity of ischemic myocardial cells were studied in the dog heart by electron microscopy in the early stage of myocardial infarction and compared to the fine structural alterations in the ischemic myocardium. 1) In the normal myocardial cell, ATPase activity was observed intensely in the terminal cisternae (TC) of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR), and moderately in the myofilaments in the longitudinal SR and around the gap junctions of the intercalated discs. 2) The most striking change in the ischemic myocardial cells was the reduction in the ATPase reaction product in the TC of the SR and along the gap junctions 60 min after coronary ligation, simultaneously with swelling of the TC and the appearance of mitochondrial dense deposits. The reaction product began to decrease at 30 min on the myofilaments, and for 3 to 12 hours no reaction product was observed except irreversible morphologic changes in 60 to 70% of the longitudinal SR in the ischemic subendocardial cells. 3) A decrease in ATPase activity was recognized in the early stage of myocardial ischemia simultaneously with the fine structural changes of myocardial cells and it is considered to be one of the signs of ischemic irreversibility. PMID- 6212703 TI - [Review [new antibiotics series IV]: latamoxef (author's transl)]. PMID- 6212704 TI - Protection against sudden coronary occlusion by induced mild chronic volume hypertrophy in dogs. AB - A model of mild chronic volume hypertrophy in the dog has been described which consists of establishing a small arteriovenous (A-V) shunt. The model was utilized to evaluate the protection afforded by mild chronic volume hypertrophy against sudden coronary occlusion. Eight animals were studied, 4 with a single shunt (mean estimated 25% increase in cardiac output) and 4 with a double shunt (mean estimated 57% increase in cardiac output). The A-V shunt resulted in the expected volume hypertrophy by roentgenographic and cardiac weight criteria, but was small enough to produce no signs of exercise intolerance, cardiac failure, or definite electrocardiographic changes. After 6 months, the A-V fistulae were surgically closed and 2 weeks later, under normal hemodynamic conditions, the heart was challenged by sudden, permanent ligation of the left circumflex coronary artery at its origin. The time from ligation to death was measured and compared with 10 control animals without such fistulae. Death occurred in 2 to 13 min in the control animals; in contrast, 5 of the 8 animals with mild chronic volume hypertrophy survived longer than any control animal, and 2 were long-term survivors. The actuarial estimate of the difference in survival was significant (p=0.007) and indicated that the fistulae reduced the hazard of coronary ligation by a factor of 6. A single small shunt afforded protection similar to a double one. Therefore, mild chronic volume hypertrophy induced by a small A-V fistula in the normal dog protects against sudden coronary occlusion. We speculate that the procedure may have a role in the multifactorial prophylactic management of coronary artery disease in asymptomatic high risk subjects, instead of an inapplicable exercise program. PMID- 6212706 TI - [Electromagnetic flowmetry in open heart surgery (author's transl)]. PMID- 6212705 TI - Study of red cell enzyme systems in Tehran and Isfahan Iranians. PMID- 6212707 TI - [The role of platelets on acute serum sickness nephritis of rabbits (author's transl)]. PMID- 6212708 TI - [Information content of pulmonary perfusion scintigraphy (author's transl)]. PMID- 6212709 TI - Immunosuppressive effects of ultraviolet (280-320 nm) radiation and psoralen plus ultraviolet (320-400 nm) radiation in mice. AB - Contact hypersensitivity (CHS), a cell-mediated immunologic reaction, can be induced in mice by application of a contact-sensitizing chemical to the shaved skin. Exposing the animals to UV radiation from FS40 sunlamps inhibits this immune response. This inhibition is systemic, since the sensitizer need not be applied to the irradiated site of the animal. The mechanism whereby UV radiation prevents CHS appears to involve the production of suppressor T-lymphocytes. Recent evidence suggests that UV exposure of mice alters the way in which certain antigens are processed, and this altered processing or presentation of antigen results in the activation of the suppressor cell pathway, rather than leading to immunization. Treatment of mice with a photosensitizer, psoralen, plus UV (320 400 nm) radiation also suppresses CHS systemically, but whether the cellular mechanisms are the same as those underlying the suppression from the shorter UV wavelengths remains to be determined. The possible role of these immunosuppressive events in photocarcinogenesis is discussed. PMID- 6212710 TI - Differences in spleen suppressor cell content in rats with progressing and regressing tumors. AB - Young New Zealand Black rats (less than 35 wk old) developed progressively growing tumors when given injections of cells from a syngeneic 3 methylcholanthrene (MCA)-induced fibrosarcoma. Spontaneous tumor regression occurred in animals more than 10 months of age. Compared to the responses of spleen cells from age-matched controls, spleen cells from rats in which tumor progression was present progressor rats) showed decreased proliferative responses to concanavalin (Con A), phytohemagglutinin (PHA), and syngeneic MCA tumor cells. Spleen cells from rats in which the tumors had regressed (regressor rats), however, produced significant increases in proliferative responses when compared with the responses of spleen cells from age-matched controls and from progressor rats. Cell-mixing experiments implicated the presence of two spleen suppressor cell populations in progressor rats, one of which was not present in regressor rats. The unique suppressor cell found in progressor rats appeared to be specific for tumor cell-induced proliferative responses. Spleen cells from both progressor and regressor rats produced similar suppressive effects in the PHA and Con A responses of normal cells. PMID- 6212711 TI - [Role of laparoscopy in the differential diagnosis of acute appendicitis and ovarian apoplexy]. PMID- 6212712 TI - [Laparoscopy in emergency management of strangulated hernias]. PMID- 6212713 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of perforated peptic ulcer in patients with myocardial infarct]. PMID- 6212714 TI - [Retroperitoneoscopy in the diagnosis of metastatic and primary retroperitoneal tumors]. PMID- 6212715 TI - [Inguinal hernioplasty with fascialization of the internal oblique muscle of the abdomen (a preliminary report)]. PMID- 6212716 TI - [The molecular structure of the cornea and its alterations (author's transl)]. PMID- 6212717 TI - [Latent forms of peptic ulcer (the organization of active dispensary care)]. PMID- 6212718 TI - Fixed genital drug eruption due to dapsone. A case report. PMID- 6212719 TI - Peritoneoscopy: use in the diagnosis of ascites of unknown origin. PMID- 6212720 TI - Factors affecting the analysis of cefoperazone in cerebral spinal fluid. AB - The measurement of cefoperazone concentrations in cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) is important to understanding the biodisposition and pharmacokinetic behavior of the drug. We have demonstrated that cefoperazone is unstable in methanol and at alkaline pH and these factors may affect the accurate quantitation of the drug in CSF. Buffering CSF samples with acetate is recommended to improve cefoperazone stability in CSF. PMID- 6212721 TI - Influence of perfusion pressure on oxygen supply and demand in beating empty hypertrophied dog hearts. PMID- 6212722 TI - Reciprocal H1- and H2-histamine receptors in guinea pig gallbladder. PMID- 6212723 TI - [Comparison of hysterosalpingographic and laparoscopic findings in tubal factor of sterility (author's transl)]. AB - Hysterosalpingographic and laparoscopic findings in 116 sterile women with the ovulatory cycle and the fertile spermiogram of their husbands were compared. Laparoscopy was performed in 65 patients in whom hysterosalpingography (HSG) revealed the occlusion of one or both tubes localized at the abdominal orifice, then in 23 women with unobstructed tubes and pertubal adhesions, and in 28 women in whom HSG findings were normal and who did not conceive at least 6 months after HSG. In 69% of cases the results of both methods were similar, whereas in 31% of cases laparoscopic findings, 18 laparoscopic findings showed significant by hysterosalpingography. Out of 28 normal HSG findings, 18 laparoscopic findings showed significant pathologic tubal changes. In unilateral occlusions HSG revealed peritubal adhesions in unobstructed tubes in 4 cases and laparoscopy in 18 out of 24 cases along with the agglutination of the fimbria and periovarian adhesions. In the whole group of the women examined, HSG revealed periadnexal adhesions in 39 (33%) and laparoscopy in 69 cases (59%). PMID- 6212724 TI - [Moxalactam: use in digestive surgery]. PMID- 6212725 TI - [Antibacterial spectrum of mezlocillin and azlocillin, two new antibiotics of the ureidopenicillin group (author's transl)]. PMID- 6212726 TI - The treatment of perioral dermatitis, acne rosacea, and seborrheic dermatitis. PMID- 6212727 TI - Therapy of acne. AB - Today acne vulgaris is a disease which can be well controlled using a combination of topical, systemic, and physical therapeutic modalities. However, successful acne management depends to a large extent on physician interest and the ability of the physician to apply therapy to the evolutionary stage of the disease and to the disturbed pathogenetic mechanisms. It is this author's opinion that grades I and II comedonal and papulopustular acne can be effectively treated solely with topical preparations, particularly the concurrent use of tretinoin with benzoyl peroxide or topical antibiotics. The majority of patients with grades III and IV inflammatory disease require oral antibiotics in addition to aggressive topical treatments. Intralesional steroids can be effective in all grades of acne when lesions develop an inflammatory nodulocystic quality. The physician should consider the use of estrogen (in females) or oral vitamin A in the small group of patients with grades III and IV inflammatory-cystic acne that has been unresponsive to conventional therapy. Combined systemic therapies of high-dose antibiotics, systemic corticosteroids, and sulfones clearly take precedence over topical preparations in conglobate acne and acne fulminans. Finally, oral isotretinoin, alone and perhaps in combination with more conventional modalities, should play an important role in the future management of severe inflammatory cystic acne. PMID- 6212729 TI - [Subclavian Steal syndrome-operation or dilation? (author's transl)]. AB - Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty was performed in 15 patients with supra aortic obstructions. One of two subclavian artery occlusions could not be recanalized. the intervention did ot improve the circulation disturbance in two patients. A favorable treatment effect was observed in 80% of the cases, a result not very different from operative corrections. No complications occurred. The risk of angioplasty of the carotid bifurcation is unknown and, therefore, vascular surgery will remain the preferable method of treating atherosclerotic lesions of this location. In our opinion, angioplasty should be considered when operative correction requires thoracotomy and when the operative risk is increased. This is especially valid in proximal subclavian artery stenosis with and without subclavian steal syndrome, as well as in stenosis at the origin of the vertebral artery. PMID- 6212728 TI - [Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty before exposure in stage IV of arteriosclerotic occlusion disease (author's transl)]. AB - In 1979 and 80, 34 stage IV patients, whose vascular situation could not be sufficiently visualized by angiography, underwent exploratory exposure. In 15 patients primary amputation had to be performed, in 19 patients reconstruction was possible. 7 of these patients had to undergo secondary amputation. During the same period of time, we performed PTA in 29 stage IV patients, in whom vascular reconstruction was not practicable. In 14 patients PTA was successful, in 15 patients its performance was technically impossible or rethrombosis occurred. Although the two patient groups are not comparable because of different vascular situation, on the basis of positive experience, we recommend that a PTA be performed before exploratory exposure or amputation in stage IV. PMID- 6212730 TI - [Measurement of viscosity in tracheal-bronchosecretion (author's transl)]. PMID- 6212732 TI - [1981--International Year of Disabled (author's transl)]. PMID- 6212731 TI - [Rehabilitation after laryngectomy]. AB - Comparing laryngectomized patients with deaf persons whose disablement in terms of German law is approximately of the same degree, the former seem to be better off in respect of communication due to the availability of better substitute aids. The first step in any rehabilitation-programme is comprehensive information and instruction of the patient, his family and also of his employer by the surgeon, the speech therapist and if necessary by a social worker. Speech rehabilitation may be the most important aspect of such a programme, but reintegration into the family and professional rehabilitation but also not be neglected. The patient should be given an official invalid status without delay to protect him against unwarranted dismissal, and, after having discussed other and minor problems, a timetable to teach him the oesophageal speech is set up; in this regard, we prefer the aspiration method. The patient is informed about oesophageal speech and the use of electronic devices in speech rehabilitation and also about a neoglottis voice. The article demonstrates the character of the resulting "substitute" voice by means of sonagraphic pictorial representations; this also comprises an assessment of the quality of the voice by neutral observers. The problems arising with a neoglottis due to the communication of oesophageal and respiratory tract are discussed and compared with those with oesophageal speech where the voice-forming system and the respiratory system are kept completely separate. Taking the great range of the various situations into consideration, the physical and emotional status and the course of acquiring oesophageal speech are described. The results are partly contradictory to earlier publications. The importance of teamwork in the care of these patients is emphasized. PMID- 6212733 TI - [Diagnostic potential of radionuclide splenoportography with 99mTc-MAA in pediatrics]. PMID- 6212734 TI - [Liver mitochondria changes in chronic diabetes induced by streptozotocin or pancreatectomy]. PMID- 6212735 TI - [T-T suppressor function induced by Con-A in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma without previous treatment]. PMID- 6212736 TI - Allosensitized T cells produce soluble factors susceptible to suppress allogeneic proliferation but not to interfere on cell mediated cytotoxicity. PMID- 6212737 TI - Purification of rhodopsin on Agarose. PMID- 6212738 TI - Purification of bovine rhodopsin over concanavalin A--sepharose. PMID- 6212739 TI - Retinyl peptide isolation and characterization. PMID- 6212740 TI - Preparation of antibodies to rhodopsin and the large protein of rod outer segments. PMID- 6212741 TI - Identification of the N-terminal residue of rhodopsin. PMID- 6212742 TI - Thermal stability of rhodopsin and opsin in some novel detergents. PMID- 6212743 TI - Borane dimethylamine reduction of the retinal--opsin linkage in rhodopsin. PMID- 6212744 TI - Isolation and purification of squid rhabdoms. PMID- 6212745 TI - Kinetics and mechanism of rhodopsin regeneration with 11-cis-retinal. PMID- 6212746 TI - Preparation of retinal rod outer segments. PMID- 6212747 TI - Glycosylation of rhodopsin. PMID- 6212748 TI - Cloning genes for bacterial glycosyltransferases. PMID- 6212749 TI - Radioimmunoassay of neocarzinostatin, a small cytotoxic protein used in cancer chemotherapy. PMID- 6212750 TI - Dynein decoration of microtubules--determination of polarity. PMID- 6212751 TI - Myosin purification and characterization. PMID- 6212752 TI - Preparation and purification of dynein. PMID- 6212753 TI - Amplification of maize ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase large subunit synthesis in E. coli by transcriptional fusion with the lambda N operon. AB - The maize chloroplast gene coding for the large subunit of ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase (3-phospho-D-glycerate carboxy-lyase (dimerizing), EC 4.1.1.39) has been placed under the transcriptional control of the bacteriophage lambda promoter PL, by fusion with the lambda N operon located on a multicopy plasmid. Transcription from PL was repressed at 32 degrees C by the presence in the E. coli chromosome of a cIts gene that specifies a temperature-sensitive repressor. After inactivation of the repressor at 45 degrees C unmoderated transcription of the chloroplast gene occurred from the PL promoter. Translation was probably initiated from a chloroplast Shine-Dalgarno sequence located five nucleotides from the N-terminal methionine initiation codon to yield a polypeptide the same size as that synthesised in maize. This direct translation results in a level of expression of the chloroplast gene corresponding to approximately 2% of the total E. coli cell protein as ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase large subunits. Transcriptional fusions with the lambda N operon should provide a generally applicable, simple method for the amplification and regulation of chloroplast gene expression in E. coli. PMID- 6212755 TI - An amber mutation in the gene rpsA for ribosomal protein S1 in Escherichia coli. AB - An amber mutation has been induced in the gene rpsA (which codes for ribosomal protein S1) of Escherichia coli K-12 strain in the presence of an amber suppressor (supD) and mutations sueA, sueB and sueC that additively enhance the efficiency of suppression. That the amber mutation has occurred in the gene rpsA was confirmed by complementation with a plasmid which carried the wild-type allele of rpsA. The mutation is lethal in the absence of an amber suppressor, indicating that ribosomal protein S1 is indispensable to E. coli. PMID- 6212756 TI - The cis-specificity of the Q-gene product of bacteriophage lambda. AB - A trp/lacW205 substitution, fused to the late region of bacteriophage lambda, provided a convenient assay for phage late gene expression in the presence or absence of lambda pQ. Comparison of lacZ expression from Q+ and Q- phages showed that late gene expression was markedly Q-dependent (263-fold difference). A cis/trans comparison of lambda pQ action showed a 180-fold difference in lacZ expression. The results suggest that pQ in only significantly active when supplied in cis to its site of action. PMID- 6212754 TI - Quantitative evaluation of recA gene expression in Escherichia coli. AB - A recA::lac operon fusion was constructed using the phage Mu d(Ap, lac) in Escherichia coli to obtain precise measurements of the level of recA gene expression in various genetic backgrounds. The RecA protein normally represents 0.02% of total protein. This value is known to increase dramatically after treatments interrupting DNA synthesis; kinetic experiments showed that the rate of recA expression increases 17-fold within 10 min after UV irradiation or thymine starvation. In mutants affected in SOS regulation or repair the following observations were made: (i) the tif-1 mutation in the recA gene does not alter the basal level of recA expression, suggesting that it improves the protease activity of RecA; (ii) the lexA3 mutation does not create a "super-repressor" of recA; (iii) the tsl-1 mutation in the lexA gene makes the LexA protein a poor repressor of recA at 30 degrees C (2.5-fold derepression) and a poor substrate for RecA protease (3-fold stimulation of recA expression by UV); (iv) the spr-55 amber mutation in the lexA gene causes a 30-fold increase in recA expression, higher than all inducing treatments, and this level cannot be further increased by nalidixic acid; (v) the zab-53 mutation at the recA locus, known to abolish tsl-mediated induction of recA expression, is trans-recessive and thus probably affects a regulatory site on the DNA; (vi) uvrA, B and C, recB and recF mutations do not increase the basal level of recA expression, suggesting that there are not sufficient spontaneous lesions to cause induction even when any one of these three repair pathways is inoperative. PMID- 6212757 TI - A comparison of fiber types and measurement techniques in the medial gastrocnemius and soleus muscles of the rabbit. AB - Medial gastrocnemius (MG) and soleus (S) histochemical fiber type profiles were determined in female albino rabbits (n = 5). The fiber composition of the central S was 93.5 +/- 12.7 S.D.% slow-twitch oxidative (STO), and 6.5 +/- 12.7% fast twitch oxidative glycolytic (FTOG). No fast-twitch glycolytic (FTG) fibers were found in any of the S muscles. The S FTOG fiber percentage varied from a minimum of 0% to a maximum of 29% in different rabbits. The composition of the central MG was 22.1 +/- 2.0% STO, 28.8 +/- 4.6% FTOG, 43.9 +- 3.5% FTG, and 5.2 +/- 2.5% unidentified fibers. In the MG the STO fiber percentage increased anteriorly, while the FTG fiber percentage increased posteriorly. Two methods were employed to determine fiber diameters. Using the mean of orthogonal diameters method, we found central S diameters to be 74.6 +/- 5.1 S.D. micrometers for STO, ad 67.7 +/ 7.9 micrometers for FTOG fibers. Diameters for the central MG were 62.1 +/- 7.2 micrometers for STO, 66.1 +/- 9.4 micrometers for FTOG, 95.9 +/- 9.3 micrometers for FTG, and 83.3 +/- 9.1 micrometers for unidentified fibers. Fiber diameters calculated by the mean of orthogonal diameters method were for the S, 1.16 +/- 0.01, and for the MG, 1.21 +/- 0.01, times larger than those obtained using the "smallest diameter" (maximum minor diameter) technique. The relationship between these measurement parameters varied in the different muscles due to fiber shape variation. In the central S, STO fibers occupied 94.6%, and FTOG, 5.4% of the cross sectional area, using areas derived from the mean of orthogonal diameters measurements. In the central MG, the relative areas were 13.2% for STO, 19.6% for FTOG, 61.6% for FTG, and 5.6% for unidentified fibers. Relative area calculations were comparable using both of the measurement methods. Therefore, relative area comparisons tend to discount variations introduced by different measurement techniques. PMID- 6212758 TI - [Uremic cardiomyopathy]. PMID- 6212759 TI - [Inactivation and mutagenesis of lambda phage by O-methylhydroxylamine and O delta-aminooxybutylhydroxylamine]. AB - The inactivation and the mutagenesis of lambda phage Cl 857 virR by O methylhydroxylamine (OMHA) and O-delta-aminooxybuthylhydroxylamine (delta-HA) were studied. The inactivation of OMHA-treated phage was shown to be stronger in E. coli polA cells defective in DNA-polymerase I as compared to wild-type host E. coli W3350. In contrast delta-HA caused similar phage inactivation in these two strains. Wave-type kinetics of the inactivation and the mutagenesis of phage by OMHA and delta-HA was observed. delta-HA appeared to be a more effective mutagen than OMHA: it induced higher mutant yield at a given level of inactivation. PMID- 6212760 TI - Further characterization of the beta-component of the receptor for immunoglobulin E. AB - A 30,000 mol. wt component (beta) is associated in a 1:1 ratio with the 50,000 mol. wt glycoprotein (alpha) which binds immunoglobulin E (IgE) on mast cells and related tumor cells. We show that alpha and beta are associated in membrane preparations. This is consistent with previous results which showed labeling of beta with the hydrophobic probe 5-iodonaphthyl-1-azide (INA). The beta polypeptide is susceptible to proteolytic cleavage during preparation of the membranes and when this occurs a 20,000 fragment can be labeled with INA and remains associated with alpha. No incorporation of carbohydrate precursors into beta was observed. Since beta is also not modified when cells are surface labeled, it may not be exposed on the cell surface. Rigorous washing of IgE receptor complexes with non-ionic detergent results in dissociation of beta from the alpha-IgE complex. The latter will then not reassociate with beta when exposed to crude detergent extracts of the tumor cells. PMID- 6212761 TI - [Deficiency of immunological systems as a cause of dermatophytic onychomycosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 6212762 TI - Genetic ichthyosis and Trichophyton rubrum infection in infants. PMID- 6212763 TI - The effect of praziquantel on calcium in Hymenolepis diminuta. AB - Praziquantel (PZ) at concentrations down to 5 x 10(-8) M induced a rapid contraction of Hymenolepis diminuta musculature. This effect was accompanied by a strong inhibition of 45Ca2+ incorporation which showed some dependence on Ca2+ concentration. Ca2+ efflux experiments showed that PZ markedly stimulated the release of Ca2+ from tapeworms preloaded with 45Ca2+, with the effluxed Ca2+ being derived from a small fast pool and a larger slow pool. This stimulatory effect appeared., like PZ-induced muscle contraction, to be independent of external Ca2+. By carrying out 45Ca2+ exchange experiments under near equilibrium conditions and atomic absorption spectroscopy it could be demonstrated that PZ resulted in a net excretion of endogenous Ca2+. In PZ-induced contracted worms adenylate nucleotide levels and the adenylate energy charge were not significantly different from those of untreated control worms. Also, PZ had no effect on Ca2+-stimulated ATPase activity of the tapeworm's tegumental brush border. Nor did the drug alter the activities of Ca2+-ATPases in whole homogenates of worms or mitochondria, microsomal or soluble fractions. Although the mechanism of PZ-induced changes in Ca2+ transport was not elucidated, it is suggested that the sustained release of endogenous Ca2+ may affect the sequence of excitation-contraction coupling and that such interference may cause the observed massive contraction of the tapeworm's musculature. PMID- 6212764 TI - False-negative results with levodopa for early detection of Huntington's disease. PMID- 6212765 TI - Screening of zearalenone-producing Fusarium species in Egypt and chemically defined medium for production of the toxin. AB - 296 isolates of Fusarium spp. from 100 samples of ccereal grains were examined for their ability to produce zearalenone on liquid culture medium. Thin layer chromatographic analysis revealed that the mycotoxin was detected from 45 isolates, (F. oxysporum), 36; F. moniliforme, 8; and F. equiseti, one isolate). A suitable liquid medium and some optimal conditions for the biosynthesis of zearalenone were reported. Glutamine and riboflavin stimulated the production of the toxin. The maximum amount of zearalenone appeared at pH 7, after 12 days of incubation at 20 degrees C. PMID- 6212767 TI - [Current status of the treatment with retinoids]. PMID- 6212766 TI - Comparative activities of glycolytic enzymes in yeast and mycelial forms of Candida albicans. AB - Through use of a synthetic defined medium which allows for the exclusive growth of yeast or mycelial forms of Candida albicans the activity of several major glycolytic enzymes in these forms were examined and compared. The results indicate vast metabolic differences between the forms. These data are discussed in relationship to the phenomenon of morphogenesis in C. albicans which in turn relates to problems in immunology and pathogenics of this important opportunistic organism. PMID- 6212768 TI - [Nickel contact eczema and the apprentice beautician]. PMID- 6212769 TI - ["Non-infectious" contact disease]. PMID- 6212770 TI - [Cardiac beriberi with lactic acidosis and cardiovascular collapse (shoshin), a disease condition not rare in alcoholics but easily misdiagnosed]. PMID- 6212771 TI - [Problems in allergological studies of a patient with a probable Flammazine cream allergy]. PMID- 6212772 TI - New techniques for decompression of lumbar spinal stenosis. AB - Central and lateral stenoses of the lumbar neural canal are relatively less common causes of chronic pain in the lumbar back and the legs. However, their incidence is much higher than was previously thought. Accurate anatomical diagnosis was difficult until the advent of high resolution computed tomographic scanning. Appropriate decompressive surgery can now be designed and "guided" by the scans and the clinical syndrome. New or highly modified surgical procedures are now being used with good to excellent clinical results in as high as 80% of the cases depending upon the technique chosen. Many of these cases are failed back surgical cases and those whose diagnoses were not established by standard means, e.g., plain films, myelography, low resolution tomography, discography, etc. The good results reported here include patients with pain and disorders of long standing. PMID- 6212773 TI - Progression rate and age at onset are related in autosomal dominant neurologic diseases. AB - We found that the rate of progression of two adult hereditary neurologic disorders (dominant ataxia and Huntington disease) correlated inversely with the age at onset. The earlier the onset, the more rapid the course; the later the onset, the slower the course. Alzheimer disease/senile dementia followed a similar pattern. The rate of progression of a nonhereditary progressive neurologic disorder, ALS, showed the opposite trend. PMID- 6212774 TI - [2 cases of subclavian steal syndrome]. PMID- 6212775 TI - [The client's viewpoint on genetic counseling. Acceptability of the service in a Bolognese community (Castel San Pietro Terme)]. AB - It has been found that the public's knowledge of genetic diseases and their prevention was extremely limited in the Commune of Castel San Pietro Terme (Bologna). This lack of information was common to all categories covered by the poll. In spite of this, the public was generally in favour of a genetic consultancy service. Overall figures reveal that 84.06% of men and 79.58% of women interviewed would use the information provided by genetic consultancy for preventive purposes. PMID- 6212776 TI - [The client's viewpoint on genetic counseling. Acceptability of the service in an Oristanese community (Cabras)]. AB - At Cabras (Oristano), a town characterized by a high incidence of thalassaemia and G6PD deficiency less than half the people between 18 and 35 have a fair knowledge of genetic diseases and of their prevention. The lack of information is higher among people working in the primary sector, housewives and generally, among those who are uneducated. The majority of the people we have interviewed are favourable to undergo analysis to single out carriers. Of these many have said to be unwilling to give birth to children if they belong to a couple at risk. Other have said they do not exclude of having children all the same but to be willing to amniocentesys, and to miscarriage if necessary. From a total calculation results that 88,03% of the men and 82,18% of the women we have interviewed would use, as a prevention, the information obtained from a genetic centre. PMID- 6212777 TI - [Psychological aspects of motor handicaps caused by neuromuscular diseases. Parents and the myodystrophic patient]. PMID- 6212778 TI - The influence of agonal status on some neurochemical activities of postmortem human brain tissue. AB - The number of general biochemical and specific neurochemical activities have been investigated in postmortem human brain tissue in relation to the terminal state of the patient. Cases were broadly divided into those dying after a period of normal or near normal health (Category A) and those dying after a prolonged period of severe illness (Category B). Whilst most of the metabolic and transmitter-related enzymes, amino acids and neuropeptides investigated were not significantly different between the two groups, there were in Category B highly significant reductions in glutamate decarboxylase, phosphofructokinase and tissue pH, and increases in several amino acids including, most extensively, tryptophan. The possible use of such activities as 'markers' of agonal status in the selection of normal material and in the matching of control and pathological material in postmortem human brain studies is discussed. PMID- 6212779 TI - Assessment of low back pain. PMID- 6212780 TI - Vascular injury secondary to laparoscopy. PMID- 6212781 TI - Legal notes: the trial of Dr. Arthur. PMID- 6212782 TI - Skin disease in cement workers: a clinical study. PMID- 6212783 TI - Chronic low back pain: a comparison of diflunisal with paracetamol. PMID- 6212784 TI - Court decisions and the feds: travesty or tragedy? PMID- 6212785 TI - Rebonding as a method of controlling marginal microleakage in composite resin restorations. PMID- 6212786 TI - [Epidemiology and the individual - aspects of data protection]. PMID- 6212787 TI - [Uncertainties and procedures in the prevention of work-related diseases]. PMID- 6212788 TI - [Primary prevention of drug abuse. Additional results of actions taken by the Health Agency of Hamburg]. PMID- 6212789 TI - [Occupational rehabilitation of patients with heart disease]. PMID- 6212790 TI - [Primary health care in the West Germany and the European Community. Report on the results of an international workshop of the EC Commission Brussels]. PMID- 6212791 TI - [Evaluation by the medical examiner of applications for cures with reference to a questionnaire on specific guidelines of insurance companies]. PMID- 6212793 TI - [Reproductive behavior following genetic counseling (follow-up study on 459 cases 1971-1977)]. PMID- 6212792 TI - [Lung cancer in members of the mental mining and processing occupational group]. PMID- 6212794 TI - [Results of a new ruling on the subject of health insurance (4)]. PMID- 6212795 TI - [Data protection and cancer files]. PMID- 6212796 TI - [Strategy of health education in medical treatment]. PMID- 6212797 TI - [Problems of diagnosis and expert testimony for mentally and emotionally handicapped children and adolescents under the Federal Welfare Law 39]. PMID- 6212798 TI - [Tuberculosis in children in Stuttgart 1975-1980--epidemiologic observations]. PMID- 6212799 TI - [Public health administration and environment protection]. PMID- 6212800 TI - [Rubella antibody determination in pregnancy--effectiveness of a screening program]. PMID- 6212801 TI - [Certainty instead of probability--a practical and economic method for conducting directed and controlled mass rubella vaccinations through public health departments]. PMID- 6212803 TI - [The future of public health administration]. PMID- 6212802 TI - [Bacteriological diagnosis of diphtheria (minimal diagnosis)]. PMID- 6212805 TI - [Data protection and cancer register]. PMID- 6212804 TI - [The drug problem in the opinion of working women--representative study]. PMID- 6212806 TI - [Maternal mortality in Austria: differences in reported statistics as well as regional differences]. PMID- 6212807 TI - [Blood lead determination through the public health service in an industrially burdened area]. PMID- 6212808 TI - [First and repeat examinations under paragraphs 17/18 of the Federal Infectious Diseases Law--status and determination of efficiency]. PMID- 6212809 TI - [Experiences from the last mass roentgen examination of the Munich population]. PMID- 6212810 TI - [Strategy of health education in the healing procedure (II)]. PMID- 6212811 TI - [Social integration as the goal of development and rehabilitation of handicapped children]. PMID- 6212812 TI - [The Year of the Handicapped]. PMID- 6212813 TI - [Catastrophe protection and civil defense in public health]. PMID- 6212814 TI - [Treatment series for the weight reduction of obese children]. PMID- 6212815 TI - [Expert testimony in cardiology--importance of heart murmurs]. PMID- 6212816 TI - [Attitude of paraplegics to occupational activity. Excerpts from an empirical study]. PMID- 6212817 TI - [Social psychiatric services in Hannover: examples for an important working field in public health]. PMID- 6212818 TI - [Nondrug treatment forms--basic therapy in chronic diseases]. PMID- 6212819 TI - [Health problems of women pharmacists' aides]. PMID- 6212820 TI - [Obesity--thoughts and recommendations for expert testimony, especially in employment legislation]. PMID- 6212822 TI - [What information in the counseling of alcoholics is especially important?]. PMID- 6212821 TI - [Public Health Department testimonies--a critical observation]. PMID- 6212823 TI - [What tests within the scope of occupational medicine are relevant for pneumology]. PMID- 6212824 TI - [Main points of tuberculosis control]. PMID- 6212825 TI - [Open pulmonary tuberculosis in Bavaria 1974-1976. Detection and status after 1, 2 and 5 years]. PMID- 6212826 TI - [Vaccination problems with special reference to indications and contraindications for vaccination of handicapped and chronically sick children]. PMID- 6212827 TI - [Demand-oriented: the female assistant in the health service]. PMID- 6212828 TI - [Environmental health inspector--are the title and training outdated?]. PMID- 6212829 TI - [Food inspectors--do they belong to the public health service?]. PMID- 6212831 TI - [4 years of a psychosocial study group in the standard service area of Bayreuth]. PMID- 6212830 TI - [Responsibilities of the Public Health Service in psychiatric care]. PMID- 6212832 TI - [The school doctor's participation in determining the need for special schooling]. PMID- 6212834 TI - [Evaluating the sensitivity of various serologic syphilis tests]. PMID- 6212835 TI - [Cooperation of social workers in health care]. PMID- 6212833 TI - [Relevant environmental pollutants]. PMID- 6212836 TI - [Lung cancer in members of the vocational group of "chauffeur"]. PMID- 6212838 TI - [Internship in the public health service]. PMID- 6212837 TI - [Implementation of the program for recruiting and training physicians for public health careers]. PMID- 6212839 TI - [Sense and nonsense in medical evaluations by public health officers]. PMID- 6212840 TI - [Climate control systems and hospital hygiene]. PMID- 6212841 TI - [Possibility of checking climate control systems in hospitals]. PMID- 6212842 TI - [Climate control systems in hospitals - DIN 1946, Part 4 - from the viewpoint of engineers]. PMID- 6212843 TI - [Possibilities of saving climate control systems in old hospital buildings]. PMID- 6212844 TI - [Climate control systems and the prevention of infections]. PMID- 6212845 TI - [The disease of compulsory health insurance. 1. Planned economy from above prevents innovation from below]. PMID- 6212846 TI - [Possibilities and limitations of the physical examinations according to the youth work protection law]. PMID- 6212847 TI - ["The adolescent in industry" from the viewpoint of management]. PMID- 6212849 TI - [Movement and dynamics as inborn requirements of children and adolescents]. PMID- 6212848 TI - [Organization of leisure time for adolescents as social therapy. Organized work with adolescents demonstrated in juvenile sports]. PMID- 6212850 TI - [The public health system disease (II). Alternatives in the solution of current problems in the public health system--more state or more market place?]. PMID- 6212851 TI - [The personnel situation of physicians in the public health service]. PMID- 6212852 TI - [Putting a stop to revolving-door psychiatry. Suggestions of the district government of Baden-Wurttemberg for a basic network of non-clinical psychiatric care]. PMID- 6212853 TI - [Important new findings on passive smoking]. PMID- 6212854 TI - [Early infantile autism]. PMID- 6212855 TI - [Behavior disorders and handicaps in school-age children]. PMID- 6212856 TI - [Motor handicaps and behavior disorders in school children]. PMID- 6212857 TI - [Sense and nonsense in health education]. PMID- 6212858 TI - [Health education and the school]. PMID- 6212859 TI - [Theory and practice of health education in schools]. PMID- 6212860 TI - [Action against smoking taken by the Health Agency of the city of Lubeck]. PMID- 6212861 TI - [Genetic counseling as a task for preventive medicine]. PMID- 6212862 TI - [Practice and value of the preventive examination of the hip joint in infants, toddlers and pre-school children]. PMID- 6212863 TI - [The status of hygiene in the Public Health Service]. PMID- 6212864 TI - [Necessity of cures - definition, indication, promise of success, repetition]. PMID- 6212865 TI - [Release and partial release from physical education. An aid for decision-making in school sports]. PMID- 6212866 TI - [Housing and the psyche]. PMID- 6212867 TI - [The disease of legal health insurance (III). Free market regulation through competition of systems - Flat rate and individual service insurance]. PMID- 6212868 TI - [Is there still an alternative? Discussion of the future of the West German Public Health Service]. PMID- 6212869 TI - [30 years of the Federation of Medical Examiners (now: Federation of Medical Examiners and Pension Insurance Examiners)]. PMID- 6212870 TI - [Importance of the personality structure for the development of coronary disease and its modification by rehabilitation in hospital]. PMID- 6212871 TI - [Activities in social psychiatry of the public health service demonstrated by the example of the city of Munich]. PMID- 6212872 TI - [Medical confidentiality and data protection]. PMID- 6212873 TI - [Death certificates and confidentiality of the public health service physician]. PMID- 6212874 TI - [Critical remarks on health education]. PMID- 6212875 TI - [Lesions caused by vaccination]. PMID- 6212877 TI - [Measures for the control of hypertension: the Finland model]. PMID- 6212876 TI - [Diagnostic, therapeutic and hygienic measures in epidemic scarlet fever]. PMID- 6212878 TI - [The 100-year imperial message--the development of the compensation payment law in health insurance from its beginnings up to the present]. PMID- 6212880 TI - [Emphasis and perspectives of the situation in health and occupational policies]. PMID- 6212881 TI - [Psychological (pedagogic) contributions to the prevention of cardiovascular diseases: how can health-directed behavior be built up?]. PMID- 6212879 TI - [Epidemiological development of tuberculosis in West Germany in the years from 1972 to 1979 based on the incidence of tuberculosis requiring treatment]. PMID- 6212882 TI - [Considerations on the potential for rehabilitation in leisure time: leisure time and rehabilitation--a contradiction?]. PMID- 6212883 TI - [Parasitologic studies in travelers to the tropics and applicants for asylum- epidemiologic relevancy for the population]. PMID- 6212884 TI - [Legionnaires' disease: diagnosis, prevention and control measures]. PMID- 6212885 TI - [Comparative determination of syphilis-specific antibodies in the blood of newborn infants in various regions of West Germany]. PMID- 6212886 TI - [Success of measles and mumps vaccination]. PMID- 6212887 TI - [Hygienic aspects of the disposal of hospital waste]. PMID- 6212888 TI - [Social work in the health department]. PMID- 6212889 TI - [Inflammatory periodontal disease in school children--studies and notes on a frequently neglected problem]. PMID- 6212890 TI - [The "movement-18-method". A therapeutic contribution to the nation's health by the Peoples Republic of China. Part 2]. PMID- 6212891 TI - Focal palmoplantar and gingival hyperkeratosis syndrome: report of a family, with cytologic, ultrastructural, and histochemical findings. AB - An Australian family in which two members were affected by focal palmoplantar and gingival mucosal hyperkeratosis syndrome is reported. The propositus and his daughter had symptoms which suggested that esophageal lesions might be present. In view of the association of tylosis with esophageal carcinoma in other families, both patients were investigated by barium swallow or endoscopy. No esophageal lesions were found. Previously unreported paranuclear bodies were described in the keratinocytes of the spinous and granular cell layers of the finely papillated gingival epithelium of the propositus. Similar paranuclear bodies, although rare, were identified in cytologic smears from the four members of the family examined, two of whom had slight whitening of the mucosa of the retromolar pads only. By electron microscopy and histochemistry, these bodies were characterized as condensations of tonofilaments and not heteromorphic keratohyalin. PMID- 6212892 TI - Conservative care of nonspecific low back pain. PMID- 6212893 TI - Disability in the patient with low back pain. PMID- 6212894 TI - Back pain in children. PMID- 6212895 TI - [Outcome of the rehabilitation of patients with injuries of the locomotor apparatus at the rehabilitation center of a municipal polyclinic]. PMID- 6212896 TI - [Perinatal leucosis and Down's syndrome--review]. PMID- 6212897 TI - [Applications and limits of prenatal diagnosis (author's transl)]. AB - By means of antenatal diagnosis mainly chromosome aberrations, malformations and inborn errors of metabolism may be recorded. At present there exist four ways for gaining information on the fetus in a pregnant woman: analysis of the amniotic fluid after amniocentesis, fetoscopy, ultrasound diagnosis and analysis of the maternal serum. Prenatal diagnosis becomes necessary in pregnancies where a child suffering from a severe illness or malformation is to be expected. Only if the disorder can be diagnosed by antenatal diagnosis and its severity justifies abortion prenatal diagnosis is to be carried out. Most cases transferred to antenatal diagnosis are pregnancies of women in advanced age because of the increasing risk of carrying a child with Down's syndrome. Another important group is formed by pregnant women with a previous child with Down's syndrome or another chromosomal disorder. PMID- 6212898 TI - [Wolf-Hirschhorn-syndrome with high urinary level of heparan sulfate (author's transl)]. PMID- 6212899 TI - Effects of the cyproterone acetate + ethynil oestradiol antiandrogen association on blood coagulation and fibrinolysis in hirsute women. PMID- 6212901 TI - [Role of aquatic arthopods in decreasing the population of mass species of bloodsucking Diptera in the arid zone of Kazakhstan]. PMID- 6212900 TI - [Immune reactions of Ornithodoros papillipes ticks (Argasidae) to the administration of different microorganisms]. AB - It has been shown that ticks possess cellular factors of organism protection which fulfil functions of seizure and digestion of different microorganisms in a way similar to phagocytosis. In response to the introduction of bacteria lysozyme quantity increases in tick's haemolymph that exerts a bactericide effect on the introduced strains Micrococcus lysodeikticus 2665, Staphilococcus aureus 209 and Salmonella typhimurium IT-2. When administering phage FX-174 into tick's haemolymph a persistence of phage particles during 1-2 months is observed. Specific antibodies developing in response to introduced phage corpuscles were not found. PMID- 6212902 TI - Escape of tumours from immunological destruction. AB - This paper reviews the mechanisms of tumour escape from immune destruction that have been delineated in the past 2 decades. Current evidence indicates that the principal escape mechanisms are (i) weak or absent immunogenicity (ii) immunosuppression by tumour antigens or antigen-antibody complexes (iii) induction of suppressor cells and (iv) production of immunosuppressive factors. A classification of tumour escape mechanisms is presented. PMID- 6212903 TI - Facing up to acne. PMID- 6212904 TI - Acid mucopolysaccharide (AMPS) abnormality in multiple sulfatase deficiency: chemical compositions of AMPS in urine and liver. AB - Extensive chemical analyses of acid mucopolysaccharides (AMPS) were carried out in the urine and tissue (liver and brain) from a Japanese patient and two European patients with multiple sulfatase deficiency (MSD). The Japanese patient with MSD contained excessive quantities of heparan sulfate and moderately increased chondroitin sulfate A/C. Urinary excretion of AMPS in MSD heterozygotes was increased 2-fold compared to our controls. The urinary pattern of AMPS in the mother of the MSD patient showed an increase of 18% heparan sulfate and 36% dermatan sulfate whereas the urinary excretion pattern in the father was increased 21% for heparan sulfate as contrasted to controls (chondroitin sulfate A, 50-52%; chondroitin sulfate C, 38-46%; and heparan sulfate, 3-10%). Seventy five % of the AMPS and the MSD liver was heparan sulfate rather than dermatan sulfate. The degree of accumulation of AMPS in the MSD liver was 30-50 times that of the control. Cerebral gray matter from the MSD patient contained 30-40 times that of control (relative increase of heparan and dermatan sulfate) whereas only a 5-fold increase was observed in white matter. It seems that a major site of accumulated AMPS appears to be in the gray matter. Carbohydrate analysis of the AMPS obtained from MSD urine and tissues was performed by: enzyme digestion with testicular hyaluronidase, heparitinase and chondroitinase ABC, cellulose acetate electrophoresis, Dowex-1 column chromatography and amino sugar analysis by amino acid analyzer. These findings indicate that the major accumulated AMPS in MSD urine and liver is heparan sulfate and thus, the predominant AMPS metabolic defect in MSD is heparan sulfate degradation. PMID- 6212905 TI - Radioactive excretion in human milk following administration of technetium Tc 99m macroaggregated albumin. AB - Albumin-tagged sodium pertechnetate (technetium) is routinely used in nuclear medicine for scanning procedures of the lung. The rate of excretion of this radionuclide into breast milk and the resultant potential radiation hazard to the nursing infant have received little attention. Therefore the milk from a nursing mother who required a lung scan because of suspected pulmonary emboli using an intravenous injection of 4 mCi of technetium Tc 99 macroaggregated human serum albumin was monitored. Albumin tagging severely limited the entrance of technetium into her milk and the radioactivity of the milk returned to base line by 24 hours. A total of 2.02 muCi of technetium was measured in the 24-hour milk collection after technetium injection and 94% of this amount was excreted by 15.5 hours. This amount of technetium administered orally to a newborn would deliver a total body radiation dose of .3 mrad. Therefore, an infant would receive trivial doses of radiation if breast-feeding were resumed 15.5 hours after administration of the radionuclide to the mother and nursing can clearly be resumed safely 24 hours after injection. PMID- 6212906 TI - [Characteristics of iron deficiency anemias in children in regions with a hot dry climate]. PMID- 6212907 TI - Differential influence of various instructional factors on self-concepts of handicapped and non-handicapped children in mainstreamed physical education classes. AB - The purpose of this study was to determine the differential influence of students' expression of effort, school, teachers' expectations, sex, being handicapped/non-handicapped, grade, teachers, and race on self-concept of 28 handicapped and 108 non-handicapped children in mainstreamed physical education classes (K-3). The Martinek-Zaichkowsky Self-concept Scale measured self-concept and two unpublished tests were used to test students' expression of effort and teachers' expectations. A stepwise multiple regression technique was applied to self-concept to determine the comparative influence of the eight independent variables. Data analysis showed that three of the independent variables contributed significantly to the variability of self-concept. Students' expression of effort had the strongest influence followed by school and teachers' expectation of students' ability to reason. PMID- 6212908 TI - Analysis of bimodal interspike interval histograms of primary muscle spindle endings in active triceps surae muscles of cats. AB - A feature frequently observed in interspike interval histograms (IH) derived from stationary Ia fibre discharge patterns was a bimodality suggesting a mixed population composed of two sub-populations of possibly different origins. To verify this hypothesis a separation of these subpopulations was attempted by assuming a Gaussian distribution for the longer intervals. The success of such a separation depended on the distinctness of the histogram peaks and the relative sizes of each mode. Both factors in turn depended on the overall muscle length and, hence, on the mean spindle discharge rate. The smaller intervals were then isolated from the spike trains and submitted to further statistical analysis. By averaging overall muscle tension with respect to the smaller intervals, the latter could often be linked to tension trajectories which were of higher amplitude and faster time course than the trajectories obtained by averaging with respect to the rest of the spikes. In some cases, auto-correlation histograms of isolated small intervals as well as serial correlograms computed for all intervals indicated that some muscle spindle afferents responded sensitively to activity of single motor units. This would confirm recent results of Cameron et al. (1980). PMID- 6212909 TI - Rotary and the disabled. PMID- 6212910 TI - Response speech: the compassionate society. PMID- 6212912 TI - International Year of Disabled Persons (IYDP). PMID- 6212911 TI - Care of the disabled: challenges to nursing contributions and future directions of nursing in the field of community health. PMID- 6212913 TI - Dentistry for hearing impaired persons. PMID- 6212914 TI - Relatively speaking - 3. A home care course. PMID- 6212915 TI - Community care study: Huntington's chorea. PMID- 6212916 TI - Dementia in the aged. AB - Dementia can be feature of several distinct pathologic processes, including extracranial and intracranial disease, iatrogenesis, and depression. In approximately 20 per cent of cases, dementia is caused by a potentially reversible disease; in the remaining 80 per cent, it is associated with primary brain disease for which no specific treatment is yet known. In all cases, thorough medical and psychiatric evaluation is indicated. In a large percentage of cases of primary dementia, a multiple therapeutic approach, which includes psychopharmacologic and psychotherapeutic modalities, can arrest and sometimes reverse some of the debilitating complications of the dementing illness. PMID- 6212918 TI - Allograft and mixed lymphocyte response studies in 6(3) X 15(1) F6 chickens. PMID- 6212917 TI - [Use of laser energy in the treatment of low-back pain syndrome]. PMID- 6212919 TI - Organizing a general-practitioner therapeutical trial. PMID- 6212920 TI - [The effect of an H2-receptor blocking agent on the acetylcholine and histamine provocation test in the normal and hyperactive bronchial system (author's transl)]. PMID- 6212921 TI - [Psychodrama with physically disabled adolescents and growing children]. PMID- 6212922 TI - [Low back pain in orthopedics--present therapeutic measures (author's transl)]. PMID- 6212923 TI - [Genogeographic studies of hemoglobinopathies in the Tadzhik and Turkmen SSR]. PMID- 6212924 TI - [Significance of geographical and ethnic factors in the incidence of hemoglobinopathies in the Tadzhik SSR]. PMID- 6212925 TI - [Clinico-hematological characteristics of the carrier state of a new mutant variant of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Regar]. PMID- 6212926 TI - Structural similarity in the DNA-binding domains of catabolite gene activator and cro repressor proteins. AB - It is shown that there is a structural similarity between the presumed DNA binding regions of the Escherichia coli catabolite gene activator protein ("CAP") and the cro repressor protein ("cro") from bacteriophage lambda. The correspondence between the two proteins is particularly striking for a structural unit consisting of two consecutive alpha-helices. The 24 alpha-carbon atoms that constitute the two-helical structural units in the two proteins can be superimposed with a root-mean-square disagreement of 1.1 A. It is shown that this agreement is very unlikely to be due to a chance correspondence. For both CAP activator and cro repressor proteins it is the second alpha-helix of the two helical unit that has been proposed to bind within the major groove of left handed or right-handed B DNA, respectively [McKay, D. B. & Steitz, T. A. (1981) Nature (London) 290, 744-749; Anderson, W. F., Ohlendorf, D. H., Takeda, Y. & Matthews, B. W. (1981) Nature (London) 290, 754-758]. The structural correspondence between CAP and cro seen here, together with other recent evidence of sequence homologies between cro, CAP, and other proteins that bind double stranded DNA, suggests that the two-helical unit is likely to be a common feature of many DNA-binding proteins. The results also suggest that some principles of specific protein-double-stranded DNA interaction may be general and include recognition via alpha-helices fitting into the major groove of the DNA. PMID- 6212927 TI - Ferritin: a zinc detoxicant and a zinc ion donor. AB - Rats were injected with 1 mg of Zn2+ as zinc sulfate or 2 mg of Cd2+ as cadmium sulfate per kg of body weight on a daily basis. After seven injections, ferritin and metallothionein were isolated from the livers of the rats. Significant amounts of zinc were associated with ferritin. Incubation of such ferritin with apoenzymes of calf intestinal alkaline phosphatase, yeast phosphoglucomutase, and yeast aldolase restored their enzymic activity. The amount of zinc injected was insufficient to stimulate significant synthesis of metallothionein, but similar experiments with injection of cadmium did stimulate the synthesis of metallothionein. The amount of Zn2+ in ferritin of Cd-injected rats was greater than that in ferritin in Zn-injected rats, which was greater than that in ferritin of normal rats. Thus at comparable protein concentration ferritin from Cd-injected rats was a better Zn2+ donor than was ferritin from Zn-injected or normal animals. Ferritin is a normal constituent of several tissues, whereas metallothionein is synthesized under metabolic stress. Thus ferritin may function as a "metal storage and transferring agent" for iron and for zinc. It is suggested that ferritin probably serves as the initial chelator for Zn2+ and perhaps other metal ions as well and that under very high toxic levels of metal ions the synthesis of metallothionein is initiated as the second line of defense. PMID- 6212928 TI - Identification of ColE1 DNA sequences that direct single strand-to-double strand conversion by a phi X174 type mechanism. AB - A DNA single-strand initiation sequence, named rriA (called rri-1 previously), was detected in the origin region (Hae II fragment E) of the ColE1 plasmid [Nomura, N. & Ray, D. S. (1980) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 77, 6566-6570]. Another site, called rriB, has been found on the opposite strand of Hae II fragment C. Both rriA and rriB (i) direct conversion of chimeric M13 phage single stranded DNA to parental replicative form DNA in vivo by a rifampicin-resistant mechanism that is dependent on the dnaG and dnaB gene products, (ii) provide effector sites of dATP hydrolysis by primosomal protein n', and (iii) require the same primosomal proteins as phi X174 DNA for directing the in vitro conversion that rriA is the DNA sequence that determines the mechanism of lagging strand synthesis of ColE1 DNA and that the mechanism of discontinuous synthesis involves the primosomal proteins utilized in the in vitro conversion of phi X174 single strands to the double-stranded replicative form. PMID- 6212929 TI - Regression of left ventricular hypertrophy and prevention of left ventricular dysfunction by captopril in the spontaneously hypertensive rat. AB - To determine whether chronic antihypertensive therapy prevents the progression of cardiac hypertrophy and the deterioration in cardiac performance observed in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) with long-term hypertension, 14-month-old female SHR and normotensive American Wistar rats (NWR) were treated for 10 months with an inhibitor of angiotensin I-converting enzyme, captopril (2 g/liter of drinking water). Captopril reduced the marked left ventricular hypertrophy of 24 month-old SHR (untreated, 4.37 +/- 0.2 mg/g of body weight; treated, 3.01 +/- 0.1 mg/g; P less than 0.02) to levels observed in 6-month-old SHR. Treatment prevented the reductions in baseline and maximal aortic blood flows that occurred in SHR between ages 12 and 24 months yet had no effect on the blood flows of NWR. The diminished maximal stroke volume of untreated SHR was ejected from a significantly increased left ventricular end-diastolic volume, so that the ejection-fraction index was markedly reduced (24-month-old untreated NWR, 84 +/- 3%; untreated SHR, 56 +/- 5%; P less than 0.001). Therapy restores this index in SHR to normal (77 +/- 4%). The relationship between ejection-fraction index, and afterload was also normal in treated SHR. Thus, chronic therapy with captopril produced a marked regression of cardiac hypertrophy and prevented the deterioration of cardiac performance in SHR with long-standing hypertension. PMID- 6212930 TI - Modulation of T-lymphocyte differentiation antigens: potential relevance for multiple sclerosis. AB - Effects of the anti-T-cell monoclonal antibodies OKT3, OKT5, and OKT8 on T-cell surface properties and cell functions were evaluated. Incubation of mononuclear cells isolated from peripheral blood for 48 hr with each monoclonal antibody in the absence of complement resulted in modulation of their respective surface antigens; i.e., the number of cells detected by immunofluorescence as positive for the T3, T5, and T8 surface antigens was reduced. T3, T5, and T8 antigens modulated independently. A radiolabeled second antibody technique confirmed modulation by OKT3 and OKT8 and indicated that T-cell differentiation antigens can regenerate in culture. Incubation of mononuclear cells with OKT3 increased the number of sheep erythrocyte-binding lymphocytes (E+-rosetting cells) and markedly increased the number of avidly E+-rosetting cells. Incubation with OKT8 reduced the number of E+- and of avidly E+-rosetting cells. OKT3 induced both mitogenic reactivity and suppressor cell activity; cells modulated by OKT8 exhibited reduced mitogenic reactivity and reduced suppressor cell function. The decreases in total T cells, in avid T cells, in suppressor cell number, and in suppressor cell function that follow modulation by OKT8 mimic changes observed in multiple sclerosis patients. PMID- 6212931 TI - Immunoregulation in senescence: increased inducibility of antigen-specific suppressor T cells and loss of cell sensitivity to immunosuppression in aging mice. AB - Azobenzenearsonate (ABA)-specific T cell-mediated suppression has been studied in aging mice. ABA-specific suppressor T cells were induced in young and old mice by injection of ABA conjugated to syngeneic spleen cells (ABA-SC). These suppressor cells were tested for their ability to suppress the in vitro anti-trinitrophenyl (TNP) antibody response of lymph node cells obtained from ABA-keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH)-primed young or old mice and cultured with TNP-ABA-KLH. Suppressor T cells were found to be more easily induced in old than in young mice but to suppress less efficiently the antibody response of cells from old than from young mice. The increased inducibility of antigen-specific suppressor T cells in old mice is compatible with the age-dependent decline of immune responsiveness to exogenous antigens. The loss of cell sensitivity to antigen specific immunosuppression as well as the lack of evidence for increased nonspecific suppression in old mice is consistent with the age-related increase in autoimmune disorders. These findings provide a unifying explanation for the most relevant immunological phenomena of senescence. PMID- 6212932 TI - Acid phosphatase polypeptides in Saccharomyces cerevisiae are encoded by a differentially regulated multigene family. AB - Two clones from a lambda phage collection containing yeast genes regulated by inorganic phosphate were shown by low-stringency hybridization to select three mRNAs that direct the in vitro synthesis of repressible acid phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.2) polypeptides p60, p58, and p56. By higher stringency hybridization one yeast fragment [8 kilobases (kb)] selects p60 mRNA and the other (5 kb) selects p56 mRNA. These EcoRI digestion fragments were subcloned in yeast transformation vectors and hybridization selection assignments were confirmed by measuring enzyme and mRNA levels in transformants. Enzyme and mRNA levels in (8-kb) high copy number transformants grown in high inorganic phosphate medium revealed a hitherto undetected acid phosphatase protein, P57, which is believed to correspond to the constitutive enzyme encoded by PHO3. The identify of the 8-kb fragment purported to contain the PHO5/PHO3 genes was confirmed by genetic mapping of an integrated copy of this fragment. The site of integration of the 5 kb fragment was demonstrated to be unlinked to the PHO5/PHO3 genes. PMID- 6212934 TI - Transient state kinetic analysis of the dynein ATPase. PMID- 6212933 TI - Mutant lambda phage repressor with a specific defect in its positive control function. AB - The lambda phage repressor is both a positive and a negative regulator of gene transcription. We describe a mutant lambda phage repressor that has specifically lost its activator function. The mutant binds to the lambda phage operator sites and represses the lambda phage promoters PR and PL. However, it fails to stimulate transcription from the promoter PRM. The mutation lies in that portion of repressor--namely, the amino-terminal domain--that has been shown [Sauer, R. T., Pabo, C. O., Meyer, B. J., Ptashne, M. & Backman, K. C. (1979) Nature (London) 279, 396-400] to mediate stimulation of PRM. We suggest that the mutation has altered that region of repressor which, in the wild-type, contacts RNA polymerase to activate transcription from PRM. PMID- 6212935 TI - Physicochemical properties of 21S dynein ATPase binding to A and B subfiber microtubules. PMID- 6212936 TI - Tektin filaments: chemically unique filaments of sperm flagellar microtubules. PMID- 6212937 TI - A regulatory mechanism for flagellar function is revealed by suppressor analysis in Chlamydomonas. PMID- 6212938 TI - Acetate anions stabilize the latency of dynein 1 ATPase and increase the velocity of tubule sliding in reactivated sperm flagella. PMID- 6212939 TI - Movement and coordination of tracheal cilia and the relation of these to mucus transport. PMID- 6212940 TI - Ultrastructural features of a human genetic defect of cilia. PMID- 6212941 TI - Introduction: Dynein ATPases. PMID- 6212943 TI - A methodological approach to the development of epidermal ridges viewed on the dermal surface of fetuses. PMID- 6212942 TI - Outer and inner arm dyneins from flagella of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. PMID- 6212945 TI - Development of palm and main-life configurations in Down's syndrome. PMID- 6212944 TI - Dermatoglyphics of Jewish Down patients. AB - Two Jewish groups with Down Syndrome were studied, and were found to be similar. The findings were compared with those obtained by various investigators for British D.S. and British controls (Penrose, 1954; Holt, 1964, 1968; Penrose and Smith, 1966; Smith and Berg, 1976). (Table 10). Digital, palmar and plantar parameters were studied. Inspite of the significant ethnic differences existing between the two control populations, the Jews and the Britons, the Jewish patients with Down Syndrome manifest a uniformity of dermatoglyphic characteristics as do the British patients (Table 11). These typical dermatoglyphic characteristics are superimposed on the ethnic differences. It seems that Down Syndrome has any features in common the world over, but the details of the differences are important for each ethnic group, and should not be neglected. PMID- 6212946 TI - Dermatoglyphic studies in parents of children with trisomy 21: detection of hidden mosaicism and its role in genetic counselling. PMID- 6212947 TI - [Synthetic inhibitors of serine proteinases. Part 26: Inhibition of trypsin, plasmin and thrombin by amides of N alpha-arylsulfonylated 2-amino-4-(4-amidino phenyl) butyric acid and 2-amino-5-amidinophenyl valeric acids (author's transl)]. AB - Among the derivatives of the N alpha-arylsulfonylated omega-amidinophenyl-alpha aminoalkyl carboxylic acids, the primary amides of N alpha-arylsulfonylated 2 amino-4-(4-amidinophenyl) butyric acid proved to be compounds with strong antiplasmin and antitrypsin activity, they exert, however, only slight inhibitory effect on thrombin. So far, no benzamidine derivatives with strong inhibitory effects on plasmin but with weak antithrombin activity have been known. The secondary amides of the N alpha-arylsulfonylated 2-amino-4-(4 amidinophenyl)butyric acid possess slight inhibitory effects, the corresponding derivatives of 2-amino-5-amidinophenyl valeric acids, however, are potent inhibitors of thrombin. PMID- 6212948 TI - Ezras A. Asratyan (1903-1981). PMID- 6212949 TI - Electrophysiological characteristics of reticulospinal neurones in relation to the conduction velocity of their axons. AB - Activity was recorded intracellularly from the bodies of 87 reticulospinal neurones in the cat's gigantocellular nucleus, whose axons had a conduction velocity of 18-148 m.s-1. Slow-conducting neurones (18-45 m.s-1, 23%) were characterized by a wider action potential, higher input resistance (3.8-7.0 M omega) and a lower rheobase (1.0-1.7 nA). They were also very sensitive to changes in membrane polarity and generated regular rhythmic activity. Fast conducting neurons (45-148 m.s-1) were characterized by a short action potential, low input resistance (0.7-2.9 M omega) and a higher rheobase (1.5-5.2 nA). When depolarizing current pulses were applied, they generated responses with action potentials with a high frequency, especially in the initial phase of depolarization, but their thresholds for the initiation of activity and steady firing were higher than in the case of slow neurones. Slow reticulospinal neurones always responded to stimulation of the spinal funiculi (mainly the dorsal funiculus) by a characteristic large postsynaptic potential on which large numbers of spike potentials were superimposed and which did not occur in fast neurones. The differences observed in membrane properties and in the character of generation of action potentials draw attention to the phasic character of fast, and the tonic character of slow, reticulospinal neurones. PMID- 6212950 TI - Postnatal changes of the tonic influence of the vagus nerves on the heart rate, and of the activity of choline acetyltransferase in the heart atria of rats. AB - Postnatal changes in the resting heart rate and in its parasympathetic tonic inhibition have been measured in awake rats and compared with changes in the activity of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) in the heart atria. The heart rate at rest increased from 372.min-1 on the 1st to 456 and 442.min-1 on the 15th and 24th day of life and then again decreased to 358 and 356.min-1 in 60-day-old and adult rats. Until the 15th day of postnatal life, the administration of atropine did not bring about an increase in the heart rate; the cardio-acceleratory effect of atropine (indicating the presence of tonic vagal inhibition of the heart) appeared only on the 18th day and increased steeply up to the 40th day of postnatal life. The activity of ChAT in the heart atria was measured as the difference between the synthesis of acetylcholine in atrial homogenates incubated in the absence and in the presence of bromoacetylcholine (BrACh), a specific inhibitor of ChAT; this procedure eliminated the contribution of carnitine acetyltransferase to the synthesis of acetylcholine. The activity of ChAT was found to increase steeply from the 1st to the 25th days of postnatal life; the steepest increase in the activity of the enzyme occurred between the 4th and the 15th days. Temporal correlation between the changes in the activity of ChAT, in the content of acetylcholine in the heart atria (Kuntscherova and Vlk 1979) and in the efficiency of transmural stimulation of sinoatrial region on the heart rate (Vlk 1979) indicate that the functional maturation of intracardiac cholinergic neurones, proceeding in rats during the first three weeks of their postnatal life, plays an important role in the onset and temporal development of the tonic parasympathetic inhibition of the heart rate. PMID- 6212951 TI - Development of pentazol (metrazol) activation of spontaneous motility in chick embryos. AB - The effect of pentazol (100 mg.kg-1 egg weight) on the spontaneous motility of normal and spinal chick embryos was studied from the 11th to the 19th day of incubation. Pentazol already activated embryonal motility, with two maxima, in 11 day embryos. Subsequent development was chiefly quantitative, especially in the first activation maximum. From the 15th day of incubation supraspinal compartments of the CNS participated significantly in pentazol activation. After the 15th day pentazol activation of spontaneous motility was inhibited by glycine and GABA-ergic factors. The results before and after the 15th day of incubation are evaluated from the aspect of the mechanism of the action of pentazol on the central motor apparatus during embryonal maturation of the CNS. PMID- 6212952 TI - Effect of lung inflation on the respiratory frequency and heart rate of premature neonates. AB - Changes in the respiratory frequency and heart rate in response to 10 seconds' inflation of the lungs with oxygen by the CPAP method were studied in 32 premature neonates. Elevation of the pressure in the airways and lungs of 0.25, 0.49, 0.73 and 0.98 kPa led to a slower respiration rate or to apnoea. The incidence of apnoea rose in proportion to the pressure. When inflation was started, forced inspiratory efforts (a gasp reflex) occurred. The incidence of the efforts was higher at higher inflation pressures, but their intensity was not correlated to the size of the pressure. They were manifested in a drop in oesophageal pressure to a mean -2.0 +/- 0.2 kPa and their mean duration was 169 +/- 8 ms. The administration of oxygen without an increase in pressure produced neither apnoea nor forced inspiratory reactions. Neither an increase in the pressure in the airways and lungs to the above values, nor the plain administration of oxygen, produced any significant changes in the instantaneous heart rate. PMID- 6212953 TI - Comparison of actomyosin and myosin from rat muscles with marked differences in the ratio of fast oxidative glycolytic and fast glycolytic muscle fibres. AB - Actomyosin and myosin were isolated from rat fast muscles, differing in the percentage of fast oxidative glycolytic and fast glycolytic fibres. The dependence of actomyosin ATPase activity from these muscles on the pH corresponds to the previously found dependence of myofibrillar ATPase on the pH, followed histochemically. The myosins isolated from the tensor fascia latae muscle (fast glycolytic) and extensor digitorum longus and tibialis anterior muscles (predominantly fast oxidative glycolytic muscles) differ in the effect of mild acid pre-incubation on myosin ATPase activity. They do not contain the same amount of LC3 and also tryptic peptides of these myosins display a slightly different pattern, as revealed by SDS gel electrophoresis. PMID- 6212954 TI - Changes of electrodermal properties in the "acupuncture points" on men and rats. AB - The measurements of skin resistance to electrical current performed in rats and men indicated the occurrence of small skin areas, in which the conductivity for DC and AC was sharply increased. In healthy men, the anatomical localization of these areas of increased skin conductivity (AISC) corresponded to the localization of the so-called "acupuncture points" (AP). In patients, the AISC were also found outside the ordinary AP, mainly in areas of referred pain. The measurements of the size of AISC by multiple electrodes indicated the approximate size of AISC cca 350 microM in the rat, ccs 450 microns in man. The recording of skin conductivity were taken from : a) AISC in man and the rat, b) skin in the close neighbourhood of AISC, c) from the sweating human skin. PMID- 6212955 TI - Superoxide dismutase levels in various radioresistant and radiosensitive tissues of irradiated rats. AB - The activity of superoxide dismutase (E.C. 1.15.1.1; SOD) was determined in male Wistar rats in order to evaluate the possible relationship between both the enzyme content in tissue and the resistance of this tissue to ionizing radiation (8,0 Gy, 60Co). Our results showed that some non-irradiated radioresistant organs (liver) had a high SOD activity and on the contrary, in some radiosensitive tissue (bone marrow) the SOD content was low. In spite of this observation it is not possible to generalize the statement that the radiosensitivity is directly conditioned by the SOD level without any exception. The SOD content in the spleen was higher than in the brain, but the spleen is remarkably radiosensitive, whereas the brain is not. The radiosensitivity of individual tissues probably reflected the changes of SOD activity after the irradiation. PMID- 6212956 TI - Interrelationships between hydrogen-supplying reactions, respiration rate and extramitochondrial adenine nucleotide pattern. AB - 1. The influence of a diminished hydrogen supply on the regulation of oxidative phosphorylation of isolated rat liver mitochondria in dependence on the extramitochondrial (ATP)/(ADP) ratio was investigated. 2. The hydrogen supply was diminished by using various (beta-hydroxybutyrate)/(acetoacetate) ratios as a redox buffer and the results were compared with those of experiments using perifusion of immobilized mitochondria with non-saturating substrate concentrations. 3. In both experimental approaches the influence of a diminished hydrogen pressure on the maximum (ATP)/(ADP) ratio at minimum flux was low. An extreme decrease in the (beta-hydroxybutyrate)/(acetoacetate) ratio by more than two orders of magnetitude causes the (APT)/(ADP) ratio to decrease by about 50%. 4. The load capacity of oxidative phosphorylation (maximum flux) is considerably decreased by diminished hydrogen pressure. 5. The borderline cases of purely kinetic and thermodynamic limitations of hydrogen supply were calculated by computer simulation with respect to the regulating behaviour of oxidative phosphorylation and changes in the control strength of adenine nucleotide translocator and hydrogen supply in the overall reaction. 6. A prevalent thermodynamic influence of hydrogen supply on oxidative energy transformation in the cell is discussed in the light of experimental data. PMID- 6212957 TI - Modification of the intensity of the expiration reflex during short-term inflation of the lungs in rabbits. AB - Too little is known of the mechanisms participating in the regulation of defence reflexes of the organs of respiration. The activity of respiratory tract--in particular lung stretch and cough receptors--may play an important role. In the present study the authors investigated the effect of short-term inflation of the lungs, during which lung stretch receptors are mainly stimulated, on the expiration reflex, which is one of the respiratory defence reflexes. The experiments were carried out on 18 rabbits (2.5-2.8 kg) under general anaesthesia (Pentobarbital Spofa, 30 mg.kg-1 i.v.). The VT, V', Ppl and systemic BP were recorded. The expiration reflex was elicited by stimulating the vocal folds with a silon fibre loop during resting respiration and during inflation of the lungs with pressures of 0.49, 0.98 and 1.47 kPa. The criterion of the intensity of the expiration reflex was the Ppl expressed in kPa. The authors found that the intensity of the expiration reflex during resting respiration was 0.29 +/- 0.02 kPa (S.E.M.). An inflation pressure of 0.49 kPa raised it to 0.69 +/- 0.06 kPa, a pressure of 0.98 kPa raised it still further to 1.12 +/- 0.06 kPa and a pressure of 1.47 kPa raised it yet again to 1.59 +/- 0.08 kPa. In the authors' opinion, the increase in the intensity of the reflex is due to augmented activity of lung stretch receptors. PMID- 6212958 TI - Determination of the optimum dose of fats in the food of rats of different ages. AB - Over a 14-day period, male SPF Wistar rats with an initial weight of 60, 200 and 250 g (ages 30, 75 and 90 days) were given diets with a constant protein content (10% casein) and a mounting fat content (10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 40 and 50% margarine, at the expense of the saccharides in the standard diet). The utilization parameter of protein biological value (NPU) for the various diets was determined from protein intake and the body nitrogen values. The reciprocal relation of the intake of the two nutrients was determined on the basis of linearity between th growth parameter NPR and protein and fat intake and, after substituting the optimum protein intake, was used to compute the optimum fat content of the diet. From the aspect of the maximum NPU value the optimum fat contents were 30% for 30-day-old, 15% for 75-day-old and 10% for 90-day-old animals. In all three age groups (according to the growth curve for the standard Larsen diet animals with an equal growth rate of 3 g/day), protein utilization under optimum nutritional conditions was the same. The optimum fat content of the diet computed from the reciprocal relationship of fat and protein intake is in agreement with the value obtained by the biological method - 29.4% (49.5 energy %) for 30-day-old animals, 15,8% (30.4% of the total energy value of the diet) for 75-day-old animals and 11.83% (23.7% of total energy) for 90-day-old rats. By using a biological and a mathematical method, this study contributes to the determination of optimum physiological doses of nutrients. PMID- 6212959 TI - Minimum and optimum physiological doses of egg albumin and mutton protein in newly weaned rats. AB - Using diets with a mounting egg albumin and mutton protein concentration, the authors determined the optimum physiological doses, which are identical with the maximum of linearity of the given parameters, from changes in body nitrogen, body weight and body water. The regression equations of the lines from these parameters were used to determine the minimum physiological doses for newly weaned rats. The optimum and minimum physiological doses of the amino acids in the relevant dietary proteins were also determined by analysing the source for its nitrogen content and other components and for the amino acid spectrum. The optimum dose of egg albumin protein for newly weaned rats was 1.69 g/day (on a 15% protein diet) and of mutton protein 2.56 g/day (on a 12.5% protein diet), with daily amounts of 60 mg methionine, 93 mg phenylalanine, 112 mg valine and 60 mg tyrosine for both proteins. The minimum doses of egg albumin and mutton protein, determined from changes in body nitrogen were 282 mg and 213 mg/day respectively [methionine 10.4 (4.7) mg/day, phenylalanine 16.1 (7.5) mg/day, valine 19.1 (9.2) mg/day and tyrosine 9.8 (5.2) mg/day)]. PMID- 6212960 TI - Inhibition by an ergoline derivative (dopaminergic agonist) of oestradiol-induced adenohypophyseal growth and of the decrease in the hypothalamic ascorbic acid (HAA) concentration in rats. AB - The increase in adenohypophyseal weight and the decrease in the ascorbic acid concentration in the hypothalamus of rats injected i.m. twice a week with oestradiol benzoate as an aqueous microcrystal suspension in doses of 2.65 mumol (1 mg) was completely (HAA) or almost completely (adenohypophyseal weight) inhibited by the simultaneous administration of the ergoline derivative D-6 methyl-8-ergoline-(1)-yl acetic acid amide (Deprenon SPOFA) in the diet in daily doses of 0.28 mumol (200 micrograms) per rat. The functional significance of HAA in dopaminergic modulation of oestrogen-induced adenohypophyseal growth is discussed, with special reference to the possible function of HAA as a dopamine beta-hydroxylase cofactor. PMID- 6212961 TI - How parent attitudes and emotional reactions affect their handicapped child's self-concept. PMID- 6212962 TI - Effects of amitriptyline and zimelidine in combination with ethanol. AB - Six healthy male volunteers took part in this three-period crossover study. In each session, a dose of trial drug -- either placebo, zimelidine 200 mg, or amitriptyline 75 mg -- was given at 09.00 h. Ethanol (50 g) was taken orally at 1200 h. Blood samples were taken for measurement of drug and ethanol concentrations, and body sway and subjective sedation were determined. No differences in the pharmacokinetics of ethanol were seen between the three treatment sessions. Amitriptyline and ethanol showed marked sedative effects, and the results suggest that these two effects may be additive. The combination of amitriptyline and ethanol results in a particularly marked increase in body sway. No sedative nor alerting effect of zimelidine was seen, nor was any interaction between zimelidine and ethanol apparent. PMID- 6212963 TI - Testing of new hypoxic cell sensitizers in vivo. PMID- 6212964 TI - Fetal anomalies involving the thorax and abdomen. PMID- 6212965 TI - Ultrasound evaluation of ectopic pregnancy. AB - The combined use of a serum radioimmunoassay pregnancy test and high resolution utrasonography allows a more direct approach to be made in the diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy. It is important for ultrasonographers to understand the limitations of the more readily available immunologic pregnancy tests in order to avoid misinterpreting ultrasonograms in the event that a pregnancy test is either falsely positive or falsely negative. Clinical suspicion is mandatory if the early diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy is to be made. The referring physician should take advantage of the highly accurate information resulting from the combined findings of a positive serum HCG and the ultrasonographic images. If the statistics regarding diagnostic delay and tubal rupture are to be improved, these tests should be obtained when a patient is initially evaluated. It is important to recognize that the ultrasonographic interpretation rests primarily upon the uterine findings. A normal viable intrauterine pregnancy essentially excludes the diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy. Other uterine appearances may result from an early intrauterine pregnancy, an abnormal intrauterine gestational event, or, as in approximately 1 per cent of pregnancies, an ectopic gestation. Subsequent evaluation in suspicious cases may require a variety of tests including serial HCG determinations, repeat ultrasound examination, uterine dilatation and curettage, culdocentesis, or laparoscopy. It is impossible to recommend a specific schematic approach for any given patient. In part, the pattern of management depends upon availability of tests, the presence or absence of adnexal or cul-de-sac findings, and, of course, the clinical status of the patient.U PMID- 6212966 TI - Radionuclide venography in iliac and inferior vena caval obstruction. AB - Thirteen cases are presented to demonstrate normal and various abnormal radionuclide venographic patterns following obstruction of the inferior vena cava or common iliac veins. In these patients, obstruction was due to surgery, thrombosis, or neoplasm. Contrast venography was also performed in seven patients to confirm the radionuclide findings. Radionuclide venograms did not visualize the same collateral patterns that contrast venograms did. Most notably, the anterior parietal vessels were seen in many cases with radionuclide venography, and the paraspinal veins were seen more commonly with contrast venography. PMID- 6212967 TI - A localization grid for percutaneous transluminal angioplasty. PMID- 6212968 TI - Instructor/student nurse/head nurse triangle: legalities. Case in point: Kessler v. Bd. of Higher Education (448 N.Y.S. 2d 538 - N.Y.). PMID- 6212969 TI - [Value of exfoliative cytology in the diagnosis of bladder tumors]. PMID- 6212970 TI - [Surgery of operative lesions of the principal biliary passages]. AB - The authors present their experience acquired in 30 cases of surgical interventions performed for the correction of accidental lesions of the main biliary pathway. The essential parameters are discussed in this paper, which determine the degree of difficulty of the corrective interventions. Indications are also discussed concerning tactical and technical aspects depending on the level of the lesion, as well as in relation with its type. The authors present some particular aspects of prostheses used in the derivations which they have made with a corrective purpose. PMID- 6212971 TI - [Cancer of the upper gastric pole--possibilities and limitations]. AB - An analysis of the cases encountered over the last 5 years revealed a high frequency of gastric cancers located in the upper pole area of the stomach. These represented 23% of all gastric cancers. The low number of cases with this localization that could benefit from gastric resection (38,7%), in contrast with distal locations (65,4%) suggest either late detection or high invading potential of these cancers. Oeso-gastric resection - the only efficient curative or palliative treatment - was adapted according to site and extension of the tumour in both organs. In 6 cases partial resection of the thoracic oesophagus was necessary, and in another 4 cases total gastrectomy was performed. In 8 patients upper polar resection - including the oesophagus - was satisfactory from the oncologic viewpoint, and was well-tolerated by the patients. PMID- 6212972 TI - [Neoplasms of the principal biliary passages]. AB - The authors make an analysis of factors which led to a late diagnosis, and to the choice of various surgical procedures used in the treatment of neoplasms of the main biliary pathway. The classical picture of "nodose jaundice" was encountered in only 24% of the cases, and this explains the wrong interpretation of the jaundice etiology in the early stages. A series of diagnostic difficulties are stressed, especially during the surgical intervention, related to some macroscopic forms of the neoplasm, the localization in ares which are difficulty accessible, and the bioptic sampling which is only rarely possible. The advanced stage of the lesions explains the fact that therapeutic attempts were limited in 52% of all patients to laparotomy performed for exploratory purposes, while exeresis of the neoplastic formation was possible in only 3% of the cases. Palliative interventions were used in 45% of the cases. Trans-tumoral intubation was used for draining purposes in the internal derivations. This was applied in 9 cases since it is simple and easy to perform, providing results which are similar to those obtained with other types of derivations. When no such possibilities existed external draining of the bile was achieved, a minimal procedure which assured the solution for the jaundice problem. PMID- 6212973 TI - [Difficulties of diagnosis and surgical treatment in gallbladder cancer]. AB - After a review of the etiopathogenic data, as well as of anatomo-pathologic aspects of the cancers of the gall-bladder the authors stress the difficulties of diagnosis encountered in the pre-surgery stage, and during the surgical intervention. In view of an early detection of neoplastic lesions the authors suggest extemporaneous histo-pathogenic examination of the lithiasic gall bladder. They prefer the transparietal-hepatic cholangiography, and the intraoperative transhepatic cholangiography for an exact assessment of the convergence point of hepatic canals, with a view to perform peripheral hepato digestive derivations. In the 90 cases of cancers of the gall-bladder, of which 75 (87%) were associated (with 4 deaths), cholecystectomy with atypical hepatectomy in one case, cholecystectomy with choledochs drainage in 4 cases (with one death), cholecystectomy with choledochal-duodenostomy in 2 cases, cholecystectomy in 18 cases (with 3 deaths), cholecysto-gastrostomy in 2 cases, hepato-gastronstomy in 13 cases (with 3 deaths), hepato-cholangio-jejunostomy in 2 cases, and exploratory laparotomy in 35 cases. In view of prophylaxis of gall bladder cancer the authors suggest that cholecystic lithiasis in patients over the age of 40 years should be treated by cholecystectomy. PMID- 6212974 TI - [Recurrent neoplasm in the gastric stump, penetrating the pancreas. Total gastrectomy, total duodenopancreatectomy. Problems of surgical technic]. AB - The authors performed a new surgical intervention in a patient with cancer of the gastric stump recidivating after a resection performed two years previously. Due to the extension of the tumour, and to involvement of the pancreas it was necessary to perform total gastrectomy, associated with splenectomy and total pancreatectomy. The refection of the continuity of the digestive-biliary pathways was achieved by eso-jejunostomy of the termino-terminal type associated with choledocho-jejunostomy on omega loop excluded from the digestive pathway by way of the Braun-type fistula. A knowledge of the solution selected by the authors is interesting due to the total pancreatectomy associated to total gastrectomy, and for the surgical technique employed. PMID- 6212975 TI - [Gas gangrene with a perianorectal point of origin]. PMID- 6212976 TI - [Traumatic rupture of the gallbladder]. PMID- 6212977 TI - [Mechanism of action of intravenous regional anesthesia]. AB - It is considered that the anesthetic solution administered according to the regional intravenous anesthesia method will be non-uniformly dispersed due to the valvular system of the veins, the competence and disposition of which varies from one individual to the other. The anesthetic solution will progress to the level of venous capillaries, but will penetrate the tissues of the blood-deprived segment in variable concentrations. The anesthetic will pass from the venous network to the extravascular space in large amounts and this is facilitated by the vasodilatation, increased vascular permeability, and the increased number of functional capillaries. The anesthetic drug when present at the level of the cells will exert its action on the cellular membrane by a process which is facilitated by low pH and hypercapnia decreasing excitability and conduction in the nerves. The anesthetic solution will exert its action both at the level of the trunk and at the level of the peripheral nerve endings. However, the major effects occur at the periphery, while trunk blockade is secondary and mostly due to consecutive ischaemic modifications. PMID- 6212978 TI - [The dumping syndrome. Surgical treatment]. AB - Data are presented, from the specialized literature, in connection with the frequency of the dumping syndrome, and the methods for its correction. An analysis is made of indications and of surgical methods used for the correction of this syndrome in a total of 74 patients of which 32 were operated. Preference was given to sub-diaphragmatic troncular vagotomy and to re-positioning of the duodenum with efferent loop, or by gastro-duodenal interpositioning of a segment of jejunal loop in an-iso-peristaltic position. The results of these interventions are, as a rule, favourable, but some disturbances may occur, dependent on the development of peri-visceritis, loop dysfunction, or duodenal dysfunction, as well as gastro-oestrophageal reflux. PMID- 6212979 TI - [Sarcoma and pseudosarcoma of the larynx]. PMID- 6212980 TI - [Reconsideration of the principles of classification of tympanoplasties]. PMID- 6212981 TI - [The vestibulo-acoustic syndrome as a part of vertebrobasilar circulatory insufficiency]. PMID- 6212982 TI - [Emergency treatment of hemorrhagic monocorditis]. PMID- 6212983 TI - [Clinical observations and therapeutic management of cases of sinusal osteomas]. PMID- 6212984 TI - [A case of atypical malignant melanoma (pseudobotriomycomatosis) of the ear lobe treated with cryosurgery]. PMID- 6212985 TI - [Difficulties in the diagnosis of genetic deafness. 2 cases of Usher syndrome]. PMID- 6212986 TI - [Orbito-ocular and meningoencephalic complications in odontogenic maxillary sinusitis]. PMID- 6212987 TI - [Incidence and evolution of otomastoid complications for a period of 10 years in our section]. PMID- 6212989 TI - [Congenital dysplasia and dislocation of the hip. Pathological anatomy in the newborn and infant (author's transl)]. AB - The authors have had the opportunity of making a complete and precise dissection of newborns with congenital dislocation of the hip. They have also made a dynamic study of the hip joints in the specimens. The findings have been compared with other studies published in the literature. It is concluded that the dislocation is posterior or postero-superior and that acetabular dysplasia is consistent in unstable hips in the newborn. The acetabular plasia is secondary to the dislocation and lies postero-superiorly. It cannot be detected radiologically. The existence of primary acetabular dysplasia is doubtful. The main responsibility for congenital dislocation of the hip is a faulty position of the foetus in utero. The disease therefore cannot be prevented. It is of importance to diagnose the disease as soon as possible. PMID- 6212988 TI - [Tinnitus as the first symptom of auricular disorders]. PMID- 6212990 TI - [Total shoulder replacement by an unconstrained prosthesis. Report of 38 cases (author's transl)]. AB - The authors have operated on 38 patients using an original type of unconstrained prosthesis with fixation to the acromion. One prosthesis had to be removed for sepsis, 5 have dislocated and 32 are stable. Most of the cases were improved as regards pain but 14 shoulders remained very stiff. The indications for surgery are discussed, the state of the rotator cuff being particularly important. PMID- 6212991 TI - [The surgical treatment of calcification of thoracic or lumbar discs in adults (author's transl)]. AB - The author have reviewed 10 cases of calcification of the nucleus pulposus treated operatively. The lesions were situated in the thoracic or lumbar spine and were the cause of severe pain. Operation was done after failure of conservative treatment. The results have been considered to be satisfactory. PMID- 6212992 TI - [Replacement of loose cemented total prosthesis of the hip by cementless prosthesis of the madreporic type (author's transl)]. AB - The authors have inserted 77 cementless prosthesis of the madreporic type in cases of loosening of previously-inserted cemented prosthesis. 66 p. 100 of satisfactory results have been obtained with a follow up of one to six years. The analysis have shown that those with good results achieved stability in the course of time. The technique is fully described. In some cases bone grafting was necessary. In five cases a fracture of the femur was done during the operation. The possibility of a flare-up of infection is discussed. The authors consider that the absence of cement diminishes the liability to septic complications. PMID- 6212993 TI - [Plate fixation in fractures of the tibial plateau (author's transl)]. AB - The authors have reviewed 100 cases of fracture of the upper end of the tibia with separation of a tibial plateau with some degree of depression. These cases were treated operatively with reduction of the depression and the use of an iliac bone graft to fill the bone defect and fixation with an epiphyseal plate. The results were satisfactory in 86 cases. The conclusions were that surgery should be avoided in patients with poor general condition or with poor local vitality of the limb. In these cases the possibility of delayed operation should be considered or minimum fixation obtained with an external fixator or conservative treatment using traction. PMID- 6212994 TI - [The Ender nailing : state of the art and new improvements. The sliding nailing (author's transl)]. AB - The authors, as well as many other people, have encountered some misuses and complications of Ender nailing. Some surgical improvements are pointed out : reduction with a slight valgus, meticulous digging of the hole, sagital precurving of the nails, careful selection of loading criteria. A new device is also described from the Ender nail, that they modified : an Ender nail with a distal screwing slide which allows distal screwing and therefore prevents going down and rotation of the nails. A case study of three comparative series showed the substantial progress which was made possible by these technical improvements, and most of all by the distal sliding screwing. PMID- 6212995 TI - [Recurrent dislocation of the elbow (author's transl)]. AB - The authors has observed a case of recurrent dislocation of the elbow in a child of 11. The lesion has been studied by arthrography and a good result has been obtained by surgical reconstitution of the capsule on the lateral aspect of the joint. Experiments have been made on cadavers which confirm the importance of the role of the lateral ligaments in this condition. PMID- 6212996 TI - [Resection en bloc of the scapulohumeral joint and the upper end of the humerus for tumour (author's transl)]. AB - The technique of Tikhor-Linberg is described by the authors. It is a limited resection of the upper end of the humerus and the glenoid cavity, the rotator cuff and the deltoid. It is particularly useful in tumours such as chondrosarcoma. Operation is completed by reconstruction using a fibular graft which allows some limited function of the shoulder. PMID- 6212997 TI - [Case of mesenteric lymphadenitis caused by Yersinia enterocolitica in a thalassemic boy]. PMID- 6212998 TI - [Echocardiographic findings in osteitis deformans]. PMID- 6213000 TI - [Transpulmonary valvulotomy using balloon catheter (preliminary report). A new technic for the treatment of severe pulmonary stenosis in infants]. PMID- 6212999 TI - [Oral hydralazine in severe congestive heart failure. Echographic and first-step sequential gammagraphy using Tc 99m-albumin]. PMID- 6213001 TI - [Use of laparoscopy in the diagnosis of hepatic steatosis]. PMID- 6213002 TI - [The International Year of Disabled Persons: a physically handicapped person's retrospective and outlook (author's transl)]. AB - Neither in the Federal Republic of Germany has the 1981 International Year of Disabled Persons (IYDP) brought about what quite a few disabled people had expected it to. It could not possibly have done so. The problems of people with disabilities are so complex that one year alone is not enough to make society aware of all of them, not to speak of sensitising the disabled and the able bodied towards getting on well with one another, to achieve which would improve the life situation of disabled people to an appreciable extent. Yet something good has come about, though perhaps not in terms of "measurable effect", namely an increased consideration for people with disabilities on the part of the able bodied. And this is essential to the future of the disabled population. Beyond New Year's Eve 1981, it is up to the disabled (and many of them are in a position to do so) to keep alive the many initiatives and issues raised by IYDP, and to see to their continued discussion. PMID- 6213003 TI - [Couple therapy in the presence of severe physical disability--a case example (author's transl)]. AB - A case report is presented describing the possible applications of couple therapy (Masters/Johnson) in couples where a severe physical disability is present, beyond disturbances of sexual functioning. In the instance reported, a severe sexual aversion was present in the wife, with disturbances of excitation and orgasm, while the husband was paralysed due to adult poliomyelitis affecting his entire trunk and limbs. Based on the course of therapy and its outcome, the author discusses the specific problems and potentialities of this type of therapeutic intervention. PMID- 6213004 TI - [Electric dental care in the child with multiple disability (author's transl)]. AB - Considering the benefits of toothbrushing in dental health, the superiority of the electric toothbrush over conventional toothbrushes is described. The various special effects of electric toothbrushing for the cerebral palsied and the epileptic child are set forth, as are the procedures to be observed in initial use. In the treatment of dysarthria, the electric toothbrush may moreover be helpful for desensitizing the mouth area. Carers should be advised on how to apply the electric toothbrush as well as on the effects of so-called oral jet cleaners. PMID- 6213005 TI - The relative toxicity of metal salts to immune hemolysis in a mixture of antibody secreting spleen cells, sheep red blood cells and complement. AB - The relative toxicity of metal salts was examined using a mixture of antibody secreting spleen cells, sheep red blood cells and complement. The amount of immune hemolysis in the mixture was reduced by mercuric chloride, methylmercuric chloride and nickel chloride at concentrations of 14 microM or more, by sodium selenite and zinc chloride at 140 microM or more, and by sodium selenate, cadmium chloride, cadmium acetate, chromic chloride and beryllium chloride at 1400 microM. On the other hand, the amount of immune hemolysis was increased by both cadmium chloride anc cadmium acetate at concentrations of 14 and 140 microM. Mercuric chloride, methylmercuric chloride and nickel chloride were assumed to inhibit the antibody secretion of antibody-forming spleen cells. PMID- 6213006 TI - Ultraviolet spectra of membrane-rich human platelet particulates. Normal data and specular abnormalities in hypo- and hyperbetalipoproteinemia. AB - The analysis of UV spectra of human platelet particulates showed the existence of an evident protein component ordered in alpha-helical conformation in normal subjects. This ordered component was enhanced in type IIa hyperbetalipoproteinemia and, on the contrary, very low in a case of heterozygous familial hypobetalipoproteinemia. In the latter condition almost all proteins were indeed disordered as random coils. These data thus suggest that cholesterol significantly contributes to the control of molecular arrangement of platelet membrane proteins. PMID- 6213007 TI - [Histochemical and histopathological study of cardiac valvular tissue--mucinous degeneration of the cardiac valves (author's transl)]. PMID- 6213008 TI - Follow-up of entropion cases corrected by gray-line splitting operation in Sagaing township (Burma). PMID- 6213009 TI - [The psychoprotective role of psychiatric consultations]. PMID- 6213010 TI - [Homeopathy--specialty or methods?]. PMID- 6213011 TI - [Catamnestic aspects of neurotic recurrences after the earthquake of 4 March 1977]. PMID- 6213012 TI - [Electroshock in psychiatry]. PMID- 6213013 TI - [Serum lipids in elderly patients with mental disorders]. PMID- 6213014 TI - [Adaptational requirements and risks in students]. PMID- 6213015 TI - [Effectiveness of ventriculo-cardiac drainage in hydrocephalus following subarachnoid hemorrhage]. PMID- 6213016 TI - [Vertebral metastasis of breast neoplasms]. PMID- 6213018 TI - [Herbert Olivecrona (1891-1980)]. PMID- 6213017 TI - [Neurological problems after gastric resection]. PMID- 6213019 TI - [Lights in the vast darkness of the history of neurosurgery]. PMID- 6213020 TI - [Orodental care of the home-bound patient. Needs, means, limits and methods in a temporary or permanent framework]. PMID- 6213021 TI - Sleep regulation after reduction of brain serotonin: effect of p chlorophenylalanine combined with sleep deprivation in the rat. AB - Sleep was recorded in the rat after combined treatment with p-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA; 300 mg/kg) and 24-h sleep deprivation (SD) and then compared with sleep recorded after either treatment alone. PCPA alone reduced total sleep (TS), rapid eye movement sleep (REMS) per TS, as well as the power density of the EEG delta band (1.25-4.00 Hz) of non-REM sleep (NREMS). SD enhanced these sleep parameters and reduced the frequency of wake episodes. The combined treatment with PCPA and SD reduced TS and REMS/TS to a level similar to that induced by PCPA alone, and it increased delta activity to a level similar to that induced by SD alone. The frequency of wake episodes was reduced. It is concluded that essential aspects of sleep regulation are still functional during PCPA-induced insomnia. The sleep inhibiting action of PCPA may be related to the hyperresponsiveness to stimuli rather than to the impairment of sleep regulation itself. PMID- 6213022 TI - [Rotation of the spinal process--a diagnostically useful sign in anomalies of the pars interarticularis? --(author's transl)]. AB - In a combined prospective (130 pat.) and retrospective (67 pat.) study, the importance of spinal process rotation in the diagnosis of pars interarticularis disorders is reviewed. PMID- 6213023 TI - [Lumbosciatica and nerve root anomalies]. AB - The authors report 3 cases of lumbar pain and sciatica where operation revealed the existence of abnormalities in the distribution of L5 and S1 roots. In one case, the L5 root was not recognised within fibrous tissue also surrounding S1 and S2 and histological examination of this "fibrosis" led to the identification of nerve structures. Development of postoperative L5 paralysis showed that the L5 root was contained within the tissue non-individualised, consisting of multiple rootlets. In the other two cases the L5 and S1 roots arose from a common trunk. There was an associated herniated disc in all three cases. A review of the literature revealed the rarity of such abnormalities, as well as the fact that they were not recognised before surgery. They are difficult to recognise, even at the time of operation. The prognosis is less good than in typical lumbar pain and sciatica, essentially because of surgical difficulties of the disc curettage. PMID- 6213024 TI - [Evaluation of 5 years of nucleolysis treatment in 150 cases of radiculalgia and 10 cases of lumbago of disk origin]. AB - The action of chemical nucleolysis on lumbar disc/root problems was assessed on the basis of 4 parameters: root pain, neurological deficit, residual lumbar pain and spinal mobility evaluated by the Shober test, at 4 months, 1 year, 2 years, 3 years and more. With time, mean results concerning root pain disappeared; neurological deficit and root pain progressed in parallel with good or excellent results of the order of 75 percent; residual lumbar pain remained stable, null in 30 percent of cases and very troublesome in 15 per cent of cases. Mobility increased with time: when good or excellent, nor poor results were seen in terms of lumbar pain or root pain. PMID- 6213025 TI - Decreased syngeneic mixed lymphocyte reaction in autoimmune susceptible mice. AB - The syngeneic mixed lymphocyte reaction (SMLR) is a proliferative response mediated by murine splenic thymus-derived (T) lymphocytes after stimulation by syngeneic non-T cells. Several murine strains genetically susceptible to autoimmune diseases have decreased SMLR compared with normal strains. This diminished SMLR occurs before the onset of clinical disease and is most pronounced in those autoimmune mice that express a severe form of the disease. For example, in NZB/NZW F1 hybrid (B/W) mice, the SMLR is lower at 7 than at 2 months of age. The SMLR is lower in BXSB males, which develop more accelerated autoimmune disease, than in BXSB females. The defect in these autoimmune strains resides within the responding Lyt 1+,2,3-T-cell population. These results suggest the presence of a common T-cell defect in several murine strains that spontaneously develop autoimmunity. PMID- 6213026 TI - Detection of T-lymphocyte subpopulation in the peripheral blood and the synovium of patients with rheumatoid arthritis and juvenile rheumatoid arthritis using monoclonal antibodies. AB - Monoclonal antibodies with specificities for various human T-cell antigens were used in direct immunofluorescence to quantify the proportions of T lymphocytes with suppressor/cytotoxic-cell markers and with helper/inducer-cell markers and of T lymphocytes with HLA-DR antigens. Normal percentages of lymphocytes with suppressor/cytotoxic-cell markers were detected in the peripheral blood synovial fluid and synovial tissue lymphocytes from patients with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA), respectively. Normal percentages of T lymphocytes with helper/inducer-cell markers were seen in the peripheral blood of RA and JRA patients and in the synovial tissues of RA patients. Slightly decreased percentages of cells with the helper/inducer-cell marker were detected in the synovial fluids of JRA patients. The proportions of HLA-DR-positive T lymphocytes were highly increased in the synovial fluid and synovial tissue, whereas the numbers of these cells in the peripheral blood were normal. No significant differences in T gamma cells were detected between peripheral blood, synovial fluid and synovial tissue of JRA patients or between peripheral blood and synovial tissue of RA patients. PMID- 6213027 TI - Augmented numbers of HLA-DR-positive T lymphocytes in the synovial fluid and synovial tissue of patients with rheumatoid arthritis and juvenile rheumatoid arthritis: in vivo-activated T lymphocytes are potent stimulators in the mixed lymphocyte reaction. AB - Twenty to 40% of T cells from synovial fluid and synovial tissue and 3-11% of the peripheral blood T lymphocytes from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) expressed HLA-DR antigens as detected by monoclonal anti-HLA-DR antibodies in direct immunofluorescence. Synovial fluid and synovial tissue T lymphocytes had a stimulating capacity comparable to that of non-T cells in the allogeneic primary mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR). The MLR was inhibited by monoclonal anti-HLA-DR antibodies. This is, to our knowledge, the first report on in-vivo-activated T lymphocytes as stimulator cells in MLR. The results suggest that T cells from synovial fluid and synovial tissue are locally activated by stimuli so far unidentified. PMID- 6213028 TI - Modulation of human B-lymphocyte receptors for IgG does not affect HLA-DR antigens. AB - Receptors for the Fc portion of immunoglobulin G (Fc gamma R) on the surface of human peripheral T cells can be modulated on contact with antigen-antibody immune complexes (IgG-IC). Our results demonstrate that the Fc gamma R present on the surface of human B cells are also modulated on exposure to IgG-IC. Furthermore, the expression of HLA-DR molecules is not affected by the IgG-IC induced disappearance of Fc gamma R. In fact, the percentage of HLA-DR-positive cells and the relative amount of HLA-DR molecules on individual B cells analysed by flow microfluorometry was shown not to be influenced by Fc gamma R modulation. Moreover, pretreatment of cells with monoclonal antibodies directed against non polymorphic determinants of HLA-DR antigens did not prevent the binding of IgG coated ox erythrocytes. These results argue against a structural relationship between Fc gamma R and HLA-DR molecules on the surface of the B-cell populations investigated here. PMID- 6213029 TI - Intestinal glycoprotein activates the alternative complement pathway by reacting with factor H. AB - Previous observations indicating complement activation via the alternative pathway of chelated human serum by a rat intestinal glycoprotein fraction were substantiated by using C2-deficient serum. Some inactivation of C6 by the glycoprotein was observed both in normal and C2-deficient serum. As estimated by conglutination, the glycoprotein largely abolished the ability of serum to convert EAC3b to EAC3bi, indicating inhibition of the control factors H (beta 1H globulin) and I (C3bINA), or inhibition of C3b deposition on the cells. The glycoprotein caused no change in the electrophoretic mobility of factors H or I. By immunoelectrophoresis the glycoprotein interfered with the precipitation line of plasminogen and beta-lipoprotein and some other serum proteins. The absence of plasminogen or beta-lipoprotein in serum seemed unimportant for the C3 conversion by the glycoprotein. Factor H was retained when heat-inactivated serum, heat inactivated serum depleted of 99% albumin or 85% IgG, or heat-inactivated hypogammaglobulinaemic serum was eluted through a column of the intestinal glycoprotein coupled to epoxy-activated Sepharose 6B. Presence of EDTA abolished factor H retention. Factor H from methylamine-treated serum was also adsorbed to the glycoprotein. When serum depleted at 5 degrees C or 31% of the factor H content was heated, the alternative pathway was activated spontaneously. Addition of some of the previously removed factor H reduced the C3 and factor B conversion rate. PMID- 6213030 TI - Mitogenic responses to lipopolysaccharide by B lymphocytes from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - Peripheral blood lymphocytes from 43 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and from age- and sex-matched normal controls were cultured with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to examine the response to the polyclonal B-cell activator. Lymphocytes from active SLE patients incorporated 4840 +/- 471 (mean +/- SE) cpm in response to LPS, whereas lymphocytes from inactive SLE patients incorporated 6906 +/- 897 cpm. In contrast, lymphocytes from normal individuals incorporated 7452 +/- 1126 cpm. Ig synthesis of lymphocytes from active SLE in response to LPS stimulation was also less than that of normal individuals. The helper T-cell function of active SLE, as examined by co-culturing irradiated SLE lymphocytes with unirradiated normal lymphocytes, was normal. These results thus suggested that a defect of B lymphocytes exists in active SLE patients. This B cell defect and T suppressor cells apparently play an important role in the pathogenesis of SLE. PMID- 6213032 TI - Relationship between HLA-DR-expressing cells and T lymphocytes of different subsets in rheumatoid synovial tissue. AB - An immunohistochemical double staining technique was used to study the relationships between HLA-DR-expressing, mostly macrophage-like cells, and different populations of T lymphocytes in frozen sections of synovial tissue from patients with inflammatory joint disease, particularly rheumatoid arthritis. Substantial T-lymphocyte infiltration as measured by Leu 1 antibody binding was found, especially adjacent to HLA-DR-expressing cells near the synovial cavity and around small vessels. Most of the T cells reacted with Leu 3a ('helper/inducer'-cell-specific) antibodies, whereas relatively few cells were Leu 2a ('cytotoxic/suppressor' T-cell-specific)-positive. PMID- 6213031 TI - Autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction in man. III. Regulation of autologous MLR by theophylline-resistant and -sensitive human T-lymphocyte subpopulations. AB - Human peripheral blood T lymphocytes were separated into theophylline-resistant (TR) and -sensitive (TS) subpopulations. Proliferative responses TR, TS and unfractionated T cells were studied, using irradiated autologous or allogeneic non-T cells as stimulators. TR cells proliferated vigorously in both autologous and allogeneic mixed lymphocyte cultures (MLC). TS cells. which constitute about 20% of unfractionated T cells, exhibited poor proliferative responses to autologous and allogeneic stimulation. The magnitude of proliferation in autologous and in allogeneic MLC was found to be directly dependent on the number of TR cells in the culture. Mitomycin-C (MMC)-treated TR cells augmented and MMC treated TS cells suppressed (P less than 0.05) the autologous and allogeneic MLC responses of unfractionated T cells. However, the response of TS cells did not increase in autologous or allogeneic MLC when co-cultured with MMC-treated TR cells. MMC-treated TS cells, when co-cultured with TR cells, suppressed the responses of TR cells (P less than 0.05). The enhancing effect of TR cells was radiation-resistant. Suppressor influence of TS cells, in contrast, was abolished by irradiation (P less than 0.05). These findings demonstrate that TR cells are the responding cell in autologous MLR and augment the MLC responses of unfractionated T cells. TS cells, on the other hand, respond poorly in autologous or allogeneic MLC and suppress the response of TR cells. PMID- 6213033 TI - Low back pain in forty to forty-seven year old men. I. Frequency of occurrence and impact on medical services. AB - A randomised sample of 940, 40 to 47 year old, men were asked to participate in an investigation where low back pain (LBP) was studied. 716 men (76%) were personally investigated and information concerning the remaining men was received from the Swedish National Health Insurance Office. The life time incidence of LBP was 61%, the prevalence 31%. 40% of the participants with LBP had sciatica. The disability prevented work in 3.6% of the participants and 4% had been off work more than three months because of LBP in the three years preceding the study (1975-1977). 40% had consulted a physician, 3.5% had been admitted to a hospital, and 0.8% had been operated on because of their LBP. Men with LBP had significant functional impairment as reflected by e.g. decreased ability to flex their spine, to lift and to perform activities of daily living and sports. According to National Health Insurance data about previous sickness 49% of the participants and 59% of the non-participants had at some time been off work because of LBP. Among the participants who, during the interview, stated that they had never had LBP there were 27% who had been sicklisted with an LBP diagnosis. Thus the incidence and prevalence rates were underestimated when based on interview findings from the participants. PMID- 6213034 TI - Low back pain in forty to forty-seven year old men. II. Socio-economic factors and previous sickness absence. AB - The relationship of low back pain (LBP) to various socio-economic factors and previous sickness absence was studied in a random sample of 940, 40-47 year old, men. Since most of the data were available from official registers a comparison between participants and non-participants was possible. The participation rate was 76%, and the life-time incidence of LBP was 61%. No differences were found between men with and men without LBP with respect to education, changes in income, and family conditions. Among the men with LBP there was a tendency to a higher proportion of foreign citizens. The LBP men had an increased previous sickness absence and on average a lower sickness benefit. A higher proportion of the LBP men were blue collar workers. When the influence of other variables was assessed by an analysis of co-variance, two of the variables maintained a direct association with LBP, viz. foreign citizenship and an increased number of sickness absence days. A lower average sickness benefit, an increased previous sickness absence, and a larger proportion of unmarried and divorced men were found among the non-participants who were also more frequently foreign citizens and blue collar workers. PMID- 6213035 TI - Trunk muscle strength and low back pain. AB - The strength of the trunk muscles was measured in a group of young males with low back insufficiency (n=7) and in an age matched (19-21 yrs) healthy control group (n=8). A recently designed new application of the isokinetic technique was used to record maximal torque produced by the trunk muscles during flexion, extension and lateral flexion. Trunk muscle strength was measured during isometric contractions in different trunk positions and during slow isokinetic contractions in the whole range of motion. No significant differences between the groups were observed for trunk extension, lateral flexion or flexion with the centre of rotation at L2-L3 level. However, in the initial part of isokinetic trunk flexion with the pivot point at the hip joint the strength values for the back patients were significantly lower than for the controls. The present results demonstrate the importance of a comprehensive approach to the assessment of trunk muscle strength, including different movement velocities, body positions and pivot points. Further studies are needed to evaluate the significance of the specific weakness observed in dynamic trunk flexion strength in the back patients. PMID- 6213036 TI - Scheuermann's disease with low localization. A problem of under-diagnosis. AB - Sequelae after Scheuermann's disease below the level of Th10/Th11 occur commonly and are presumed to produce low back pain in almost all cases. Despite this, the condition is frequently over-looked by both clinicians and radiologists. Of 55 rehabilitees with "low Scheuermann" this had only been diagnosed and acknowledged as a cause of pain in 20 prior to admission to the rehabilitation clinic. In 12 it had been diagnosed radiologically but not acknowledged as a cause of pain, while it had been completely over-looked in 23. PMID- 6213037 TI - Low-back pain and early retirement among Danish semiskilled construction workers. AB - According to new regulations Danish trade union members are able to retire earlier than normal, at the age of 60-65 a. One of the reasons for retirement might be symptoms of wear and tear, eg, low-back pain. Questionnaires were sent to 157 semiskilled construction workers and 210 members of a reference group. Forty percent of the construction workers reported low-back pain as one of the reasons for retirement, whereas the corresponding percentage of referents was 25. Low-back pain occurred in the year before retirement for 68% of the construction workers and 50% of the reference group. The relationship between low-back pain, selection, and semiskilled construction work is discussed. PMID- 6213038 TI - Back complaints and findings in transport workers performing physically heavy work. AB - Transport work at an airport promotes the appearance of back diseases because of the lifting carrying, pulling, and pushing of loads in limited spaces. To clarify the nature of back disorders in such a group, a standardized interview for detecting subjective previous and present back symptoms was made of 366 transport workers, and 134 were given a clinical orthopedic examination for detecting objective findings. Sixty-six percent of the interviewed workers reported current back symptoms; these symptoms correlated significantly positively with height, age, and length of transport work experience. Eighty-three percent of te workers with present back symptoms also complained of former back pain. Validity tests between the interview and the clinical examination showed a sensitivity of 86% and a specificity of 31%. The results of our study suggest (i) that according to the high sensitivity the used interview is a valuable screening method for detecting back disorders, and (ii) that selection of workers according to the criteria of our results may be expected to lower the prevalence of back complaints. PMID- 6213039 TI - Lymphocyte blastogenesis assay as a probe of acute allograft rejection in canine lung transplantation. PMID- 6213040 TI - Genetic factors and acute carbon monoxide intoxication. PMID- 6213041 TI - Cardiovascular actions of cadmium at environmental exposure levels. AB - A low intake of dietary cadmium induces specific dose-dependent functional and biochemical changes in the cardiovascular tissues of rats. Maximum changes occur when the cadmium intake is 10 to 20 micrograms per kilogram of body weight per day. The changes reflect the accumulation of "critical" concentrations of cadmium in the cardiovascular tissues. The biologic activity of cadmium is demonstrated for intakes that approach those of the average American adult exposed to the usual environmental concentrations of the element but not to industrial concentrations. The sensitivity of the cardiovascular system to low doses of cadmium could not be anticipated by extrapolation from data on exposure to high concentrations of cadmium. The data support the hypothesis that ingested or inhaled environmental cadmium may contribute to essential hypertension in humans. PMID- 6213043 TI - [Handicapped, mental disorders and liberty]. PMID- 6213044 TI - [Status and means of improving cardiologic service in the RSFSR]. PMID- 6213042 TI - Relationship of 99mTc-MDP uptake to regional osseous circulation in skeletally immature and mature dogs. AB - Uptake of intravenously injected 99mTc-MDP in multiple regions of healthy skeletally immature and mature dogs was correlated with regional chondro-osseous blood flow determined by radioactively labeled microspheres. Compared to the microsphere distribution, the distribution of 99mTc-MDP indicated that blood flow is an important, but not exclusive, factor in the uptake of bone-seeking tracers. Other factors such as the affinity of the tracer for the various types of chondro osseous tissues must also affect tracer uptake. A measure of the relative affinity of 99mTc-MDP for bone was derived by the ratio of the percentage of tracer uptake to the percentage of blood flow. The juxta-ephyseal region demonstrated the greatest affinity for the tracer, followed in decreasing affinity, by the cortical bone, epiphyseal cartilage, trabecular bone of the metaphysis and secondary ossification center, and marrow space. Within the spongiosa, affinity generally increased as the proportion of osseous trabeculae relative to marrow space increased. 99mTc-MDP uptake is disproportionately increased in areas of active bone growth and remodeling where the surface area of hydroxyapatite crystals available for adsorption is probably highest. PMID- 6213046 TI - [Use of computers in the analysis of the activity of polyclinic services]. PMID- 6213045 TI - [Treatment and rehabilitation experience of ischemic heart disease patients in a sanatorium]. PMID- 6213047 TI - [Role of the research-consulting department of the leading institute in training in oncology in the republic]. PMID- 6213048 TI - [The 1st case of imported dracunculosis in Yugoslavia]. PMID- 6213049 TI - [Treatment of acne vulgaris]. PMID- 6213050 TI - Assignment of the human gene for muscle-type phosphofructokinase (PFKM) to chromosome 1 (region cen leads to q32) using somatic cell hybrids and monoclonal anti-M antibody. AB - Human phosphofructokinase (PFK; EC 2.7.1.11) is under the control of three structural loci which encode muscle-type (M), live-type (L), and platelet-type (P) subunits; human diploid fibroblasts and leukocytes express all three loci. In order to assign human PFKM locus to a specific chromosome we have analyzed human x Chinese hamster somatic cell hybrids for the expression of human M subunits, using an anti-human M subunit-specific mouse monoclonal antibody. In 18 of 19 hybrids studied, the expression of the PFKM locus segregated concordantly with the presence of chromosome 1 (discordance rate 0.05) as indicated by chromosome and isozyme marker analysis. The discordance rates for all the other chromosomes were 0.32 or greater, indicating that the PFKM locus is on chromosome 1. For the regional mapping of PFKM, eight hybrids were studied that contained one of five distinct regions of chromosome 1. These results further localize the human PFKM locus to region cen leads to q32 chromosome 1. PMID- 6213051 TI - Production of a hybridoma T suppressor cell and suppressor factor. AB - Two hybridoma T-cell lines were prepared by fusion of burro erythrocyte (BRBC)- specific T suppressor cells with the BW 5147 thymoma line. Culture supernatants from these T cell hybrids specifically suppressed the in vitro IgG antibody response to BRBC. Clones P3E8 and P4B10 were both removed via affinity columns bearing antibodies to BRBC and antibodies to I-Jk subregion determinants. These results indicated that the hybridoma factors were I-Jk determinant bearing and anti-idiotype determinant bearing. P3E8 supernatant was major histocompatibility complex (MHC) restricted, suppressing only H-2k haplotype spleen cells. Clone P4B10 supernatant was not MHC restricted, suppressing k, s, b, and d haplotype spleen cells. The properties of these two hybridoma factors would indicate they are derived from Ts2 cells. PMID- 6213052 TI - The cellular target of cyclosporin A action in humans. AB - The balance of immunoregulatory T-helper (TH) and T-suppressor (Ts) lymphocytes was assessed in recipients of living donor and cadaveric grafts treated with azathioprine (Az) or cyclosporin A (CyA). Enumeration of each subpopulation was performed with monoclonal OKT antibodies. While Az-treated patients had a normal ratio of circulating peripheral blood helper-inducer (OKT4+) to suppressor cytotoxic (OKT8+) cells, recipients treated with CyA showed a reduced ratio resulting from a decreased number of TH cells with normal numbers of Ts cells. The functional activity of Ts cells was evaluated by their capacity to suppress the primary mixed lymphocyte culture response of a normal, unrelated individual. Az-treated recipients showed greater suppression than the CyA-treated group, hemodialysis patients, or normal individuals. The function of TH cells was evaluated by the capacity of isolated patient peripheral blood T cells to promote pokeweed mitogen--driven immunoglobulin release by normal B cells, which then produced hemolytic plaques.l TH function was depressed in CyA-treated but not Az treated recipients as compared with normal individuals. These results demonstrate distinctive profiles of immunoregulatory cells in patients immunosuppressed with Az or CyA. On the one hand, successfully engrafted Az-treated patients showed enhanced suppressor-cell activity with normal helper activity. On the other hand, CyA-treated patients had reduced helper-cell function with activity. On the other hand, CyA-treated patients had reduced helper-cell function with modestly increased suppressor-cell activity. These findings may provide guidelines for the selection of and parameters for monitoring the therapeutic efficacy of immunosuppressive agents in allograft recipients. PMID- 6213053 TI - Bioenergy metabolism of gastric mucosa during stress. AB - Previous studies have identified a cellular energy deficit in gastric mucosa after ischemia. We studied the processes of energy generation (mitochondrial function) and energy utilization (microsomal adenosine triphosphatase [ATPase] activity) in an experimental model of stress. Rabbits were divided into four groups: I, fed controls (n = 7); II, 24-hour fasted controls (n = 7); III, fasted, anesthetized, and cannulated controls (n = 7); and IV, fasted, anesthetized, cannulated, and bled rabbits. Bleeding consisted of 25 ml blood/kg into a reservoir for 60 minutes; the blood was then reinfused. Animals were killed 30 minutes after reinfusion; antral, corpus, and fundus mucosae were dissected; each region of mucosa was homogenized; and mitochondrial and microsomal fractions were isolated by differential centrifugation. No animals in group I or II had gastric ulcerations. Three of seven animals in group III and all group IV animals had corpus and fundus ulcers. No antral ulcers were seen in any group. The respiratory control index (RCI) of antral mitochondria was increased in groups II, III, and IV but was unchanged in all groups of corpus and fundus mitochondria. Studies of microsomal ATPase activity indicated increased activity of potassium-stimulated ATPase in the corpus mucosa. In the corpus mucosa, total ATPase activity was increased primarily as a consequence of increased potassium-stimulated ATPase. These data indicate that increased RCI is associated with gastric mucosal integrity in the antrum. Accelerated utilization of available adenosine triphosphate by corpus membrane ATPases may further compromise energy homeostasis during stress. PMID- 6213054 TI - Effects of histocompatibility testing versus immunoreactive predisposition on kidney transplant survival. AB - From January 1979 to August 1981, 76 primary renal transplants were performed at the University of Miami-Jackson Memorial Hospital. Fifty-five of these were from living, related (LR) donors and 21 were from cadaver (CAD) donors. Histocompatibility typing for HLA-A, -B, and -DR antigens and of mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC) were performed. In LR patients the ability to generate donor specific and nonspecific suppressor cells in vitro was tested preoperatively. Serial posttransplant immunologic monitoring was used in all patients by determining total T-cell numbers (E rosette-forming cells) as well as helper and suppressor T-cell subsets by use of monoclonal antibodies. Overall patient and graft survival was 90% and 87%, respectively. In this study MLC reactivity did not correlate with DR typing in CAD recipients, most of whom had marked reaction despite one or two DR antigen matches. Graft survival was also independent of MLC reactivity in both LR and CAD patients. The ability of LR recipients to generate donor-specific suppressor cells in vitro before transplantation did correlate significantly with absence of rejection episodes. Immunologic monitoring with T cell subsets had prognostic significance for the detection of patients with excessive immunosuppression and high risk for development of infection (P less than 0.001). Thus, the responder status of many transplant recipients seemed as important as the current assessment of histocompatibility in influencing graft survival. PMID- 6213055 TI - Early normalization of platelet survival by endothelial seeding of Dacron arterial prostheses in dogs. AB - Current synthetic vascular prostheses do not acquire a complete lining of vascular endothelium in humans or dogs. Seeding of autogenous venous endothelium has bee reported to remedy this defect, but previous studies have been primarily morphologic. To see if venous endothelial seeding caused a measurable decrease in platelet-prosthetic interaction in vivo, serial 111In-labeled platelet survival studies were done in dogs with seeded (N = 8) and unseeded (n = 9) thoracoabdominal Dacron bypass prostheses.l Changes in platelet survival time (PST) were compared with endothelial coverage scores, which were determined by blinded survey of removed prostheses by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The PSTs before surgery (+/- SD) were 5.02 +/- 0.79 days (seeded) and 5.31 +/- 0.99 days (control) (P = 0.51). Seven weeks after surgery the PSTs were 4.01 +/- 1.10 days (seeded) and 2.67 +/- 0.88 days (control) (P = 0.013). The subgroup of four dogs with seeded prostheses that had complete endothelial coverage showed restoration of the platelet survival pattern to that of the linear decay seen before surgery, SEM studies showed that this normalization of PST occurred despite the presence of small nidi of platelet adhesion on exposed Dacron fibers and irregularities of the endothelial pattern consistent with flow disturbances and venous jet lesions near anastomoses. Endothelial seeding, when technically successful, appears to sharply curtail the degree of platelet interaction with vascular prostheses and restores a normal platelet survival pattern. Longer studies of seeded prostheses are needed to determine if seeding protects against the late complications of intimal hyperplasia and thrombotic occlusion. PMID- 6213056 TI - [Research with the field of pedodontics. An overview of 111 research reports from community pedodontists, dental schools and the Ministry of Health for the period 1975-80]. PMID- 6213057 TI - [Handicapped--What is it?]. PMID- 6213058 TI - [Handicapped children]. PMID- 6213059 TI - [Aids in dental treatment of handicapped patients]. PMID- 6213060 TI - [Dental health in handicapped children attending rehabilitation centers]. PMID- 6213061 TI - [Effect of euphylline, berotec, and atrovent on the oxygen content and acid-base balance of patients with lung diseases]. PMID- 6213062 TI - [Hereditary and the role of consanguineous marriages in the development and course of bronchial asthma]. PMID- 6213063 TI - [Development of cardiac insufficiency in patients with myocarditis]. PMID- 6213064 TI - [Variants of myocardial involvement in ischemic heart disease (ischemic cardiomyopathy)]. PMID- 6213065 TI - Comparisons of eccrine sweat gland anatomy in genetic, chromosomal, and other diseases, and a suggested procedure for use of sweat gland measurements in differential diagnosis. AB - Statistical analysis of the dimensions of microdissected eccrine sweat glands (duct length, coil volume, ratio of coil volume to duct length, and axis ratio of coil) was performed for several diseases (cystic fibrosis of the pancreas, Werdnig-Hoffmann disease, tetralogy of Fallot, chronic renal disease, and trisomies 13, 18, and 21) using both individual and grouped age-matched control patients. Duct length, coil volume, and the ratio of the two all rise with age. Eccrine gland duct length was found to be significantly large in tetralogy of Fallot and Werdnig-Hoffmann disease and small in chronic renal disease (less so in males than in females, trisomy 13 and trisomy 18). Secretory coil volume was significantly smaller than normal in trisomy 21 (Down syndrome) and in chronic renal disease, and the ratio of coil volume to duct length was low in trisomy 21 and chronic renal disease. The shape of the secretory coil (axis ratio) was possibly abnormal in trisomy 13. Gland dimensions were normal for cystic fibrosis. Using the multivariate procedure of discriminant analysis, it was found that sweat gland measures significantly contributed to the differentiation of diseases, after adjustments were made for variations in age-at-death. This suggested the possibility that criteria for distinction of clinically similar genetic, metabolic, or chromosomal diseases by study of the anatomic properties of eccrine glands obtained by skin biopsy could be developed. A procedure of analysis comparing the "percentage of normal" of gland dimensions for each disease to control values, and thereby differentiating disease categories on the basis of the "percentage of normal" values, is presented. PMID- 6213066 TI - Thrombin potentiation of factor VIII procoagulant activity: assessment by the two stage assay. AB - Factor VIII (FVIII) procoagulant activity is the function of a plasma glycoprotein that is missing or inactive in patients with classic hemophilia. Numerous studies have shown that trace thrombin causes rapid enhancement followed by gradual inactivation of FVIII procoagulant activity. Recent evidence suggests that thrombin activation of the FVIII/von Willebrand factor (vWF) protein is required for inactivation to occur. All of these studies have used the one-stage partial thromboplastin time to assay FVIII activity. Other investigators have used the two-stage assay of FVIII activity and have been unable to demonstrate thrombin-induced enhancement of FVIII activity, although inactivation has consistently occurred. We performed experiments designed to help resolve this disagreement, using the two-stage assay specifically modified to detect thrombin potentiation of FVIII activity. The length of the first-stage incubation time was found to be critical in demonstrating the initial effect of thrombin on FVIII activity. Taking advantage of this finding we were able to show a 4.1 +/- 0.5 fold enhancement of FVIII activity upon incubating purified FVIII/vWF with 0.04 NIH unit thrombin per ml. The apparent enhancement of FVIII activity declined with increasing thrombin concentration. Incubation with 0.08, 0.16, and 0.32 NIH unit thrombin per ml resulted in only 3.2 +/- 0.5, 2.6 +/- 0.5 and 1.5 +/- 0.3 fold enhancement, respectively, of FVIII activity. As with results from the one stage assay, activation was followed by slow inactivation of FVIII/vWF. Using the two-stage assay we also showed 100% inactivation and 100% inhibition of FVIII activity by plasmin and human anti-FVIII IgG, respectively. Plasmin inactivation of FVIII activity showed a dose-response effect. Thrombin was unable to activate plasmin-degraded FVIII/vWF. Our results show that thrombin potentiation of FVIII activity is easily demonstrable in the two-stage assay. These findings support the contention that activation of FVIII activity by thrombin is prerequisite for inactivation and underscore the importance of thrombin activation of FVIII/vWF in the intrinsic clotting system. PMID- 6213067 TI - Human seminal cells other than spermatozoa stimulate lymphocyte cultures. PMID- 6213068 TI - Effect of marine glycosides on adenosinetriphosphatase activity. AB - Marine glycosides from the sea cucumbers Actinopyga agassizi, Holothuria atra, Bohadschia argus, Cucumaria fraudatrix, Astichopus multifidus and Thelenota ananas inhibit both Na+-K+ ATPase and Mg2+-ATPase of rat brain in vitro. The glycoside-cholesterol complex of these compounds does not influence ATPase activity. Asterosaponins from starfishes Linckia guildingi and Linckia laevigata possess a slight inhibiting effect. The triterpene glycosides from sea cucumbers are more powerful inhibitors than steroidal glycosides from starfishes. PMID- 6213069 TI - [Cleidocranial dysostosis]. PMID- 6213070 TI - Cerebral ischemia in young patients: it is associated with mitral valve prolapse and abnormal platelet activity in vivo? AB - The etiology of cerebrovascular disease (CDV) in young patients is difficult to establish if the common causes of a focal neurological deficit are excluded by appropriate investigations. Since in some observations prolapse of the mitral valve (MVP), alterations of platelet function, or both have been linked with cerebral ischemic events, we studied the in vivo platelet release reaction and the incidence of MVP in 47 patients (12 males, 35 females) under 45 years of age with TIA or stroke of unknown cause and in an age- and sex-matched control group. The mean plasma beta-thromboglobulin (beta-TG) level of the patients (mean = 54.9 +/- 31.4 ng/ml) was significantly higher than that of the controls (mean = 20.6 / 6.9 ng/ml, p less than 0.001). MVP was demonstrated in 13 of 47 patients in contrast to 4 of the controls (p less than 0.01). However, the beta-T levels of patients with MVP (n = 13, 52.9 +/- 25.5 ng/ml) did not differ from those of patients without MVP (n = 34, 55.7 +/- 33.7 ng/ml) significantly (p less than 0.4). Our results confirm that the incidence of MVP is higher in young patients with cerebral ischemia of unknown cause than in asymptomatic controls. The significantly elevated plasma beta-TG concentrations in the patient's group indicate an increased platelet activity in vivo. Since there was no significant difference between beta-TG levels of patients with and without MVP, the mitral valve abnormality can not be the cause for the altered platelet activity. PMID- 6213071 TI - User preferences for contraceptive methods in India, Korea, the Philippines, and Turkey. World Health Organization Task Force on Psychosocial Research in Family Planning and Task Force on Service Research in Family Planning. AB - Research was conducted to determine the patterns of contraceptive choice in four developing countries and to investigate the association between method selection and demographic/socioeconomic variables, future family planning intentions, and users' perceptions of methods and preference for personnel. After listening to a balanced presentation of information on the methods, each woman indicated her choice and was then interviewed to determine her reasons for selecting that method. The pattern of contraceptive selection differed from the previous pattern of contraceptive use in each clinic, and this suggests that the presentation of balanced information combined with the provision of a free choice of methods is a useful approach to the assessment of the demand. PMID- 6213072 TI - [Work experience in raising the qualifications of forensic medical experts in examining material evidence]. PMID- 6213073 TI - Immune complex glomerulonephritis and amyloidosis in Schistosoma japonicum infected rabbits. AB - Epidemiologically, the incidence of renal pathology in patients with chronic parasitic infections is higher than expected. In particular, schistosomiasis may have an association with renal failure. 24 New Zealand White rabbits were, therefore infected with 250 or 500 Schistosoma japonicum cercariae of the Philippine-Leyte strain and studied for eight months to determine if rabbits with long-term infections were suitable hosts for the study of schistosomal nephropathy. Clinical evidence for renal disease consisted of proteinuria, haematuria, and casts. Of the 18 surviving infected animals, six had trace amounts of protein in their urine, three had significant proteinuria ranging from 100 to 300 mg%, four exhibited haematuria and 14 were positive for the presence of proteinaceous cast formation. The clinical findings correlated with the histological data. Periodic open renal biopsies on a subgroup of the animals revealed no changes until about the sixth month. At eight months after infection, five (28%) of the 18 rabbits had amyloid deposits and 15 (83%) had some degree of renal change which included mild focal, diffuse intracapillary, and crescentic glomerulonephritis with mesangial and subendothelial complex trapping. Periodic acid Schiff staining graphically demonstrated wire loops and tubular casts. Immunofluorescence showed that 15 (83%) of the infected animals exhibited diffuse mesangial and peripheral capillary wall deposition of IgG while 14 contained IgM (78%). The third component of complement was found in only five (28%) of the infected rabbits. Parasite antigen could not be detected in the glomeruli of any of the animals. Kidneys from age-matched controls were within normal limits. Electron microscopy of glomeruli from several animals demonstrated the presence of subendothelial and mesangial immune complex deposition similar to that seen in systemic lupus erythematosus. These findings show that schistosomiasis japonica in the rabbit offers an excellent model system for studying not only the renal pathology associated with human schistosomiasis but also the pathogenesis of amyloidosis which is a frequent sequela observed in a variety of chronic inflammatory infections. PMID- 6213074 TI - Prednisolone pharmacodynamics assessed by inhibition of the mixed lymphocyte reaction. AB - Eight to 14 plasma samples were obtained from 12 patients on chronic prednisone treatment following their usual dose of prednisone (0.262 to 1.053 mg/kg . day) and following an equivalent amount of prednisolone given i.v. Total and unbound prednisolone were assessed by high performance liquid chromatography and by equilibrium dialysis. The immunosuppressive activity of the plasma was determined as the inhibition of the mixed lymphocyte reaction. The area under the plasma concentration time curve (AUC) for total and unbound prednisolone and the area under the inhibition time curve (AUIC) of the mixed lymphocyte reaction were determined by the trapezoidal rule. A hyperbolic concentration response curve was found when inhibition of the mixed lymphocyte reaction was plotted versus concentrations of total and free prednisolone. The mean EC50 (+/- SD) for total prednisolone concentration following the oral and the i.v. dosing was 66.3 +/- 26.7 and 86.5 +/- 30.9 ng/ml, respectively; for free prednisolone concentration the corresponding values were 10.0 +/- 5.0 and 12.4 +/- 12.6 ng/ml. A similar hyperbolic relationship is observed when the AUIC is plotted versus the AUC of free or total prednisolone, but not when AUIC is plotted versus the oral dose. Over the range of drug concentrations observed, no difference is found between total and free concentrations in the ability to predict inhibition of the mixed lymphocyte reaction. PMID- 6213075 TI - Delayed-type hypersensitivity to H-Y in "nonresponder" mouse haplotypes. PMID- 6213077 TI - The use of isoelectrofocusing in thin layer polyacrylamide and agarose gels as a method for the characterization of Venezuelan Trypanosoma cruzi stocks. AB - The technique of isoelectrofocusing has been used to compare culture forms of 12 stocks of T. cruzi isolated in different regions of Venezuela. The following seven enzymes have been used for the characterization: unspecific esterase (E.C.3.1.1), malate dehydrogenase (E.C.1.1.1.37), "malic enzyme" (E.C.1.1.1.40), hexokinase (E.C.2.7.1.1), phosphoglucomutase (E.C.2.7.5.1), glucosephosphate isomerase (E.C.5.3.1.9) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (E.C.1.1.1.49). The isoelectrofocusing method allows to determine reproducible enzyme patterns of high selectivity and with a number of bands. This permits to recognize possible differences within the T. cruzi-complex much easier than previous methods. The Venezuelan T. cruzi stocks showed a remarkable homogenous behaviour concerning the enzyme profiles. Most of them were identical. Different types seen for "malic enzyme", phosphoglucomutase, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase were observed in only three stocks, It was not possible to find a clear relationship between the types and the histories of stocks. PMID- 6213078 TI - [Back complaints among Danish recruits]. PMID- 6213076 TI - The identification of some Onchocerca spp of cattle by isoenzyme analysis. AB - The isoenzyme patterns of LDH, MDH, PEP, PGM, MPI, GPI and GAPDH were compared for 3 species of cattle parasites Onchocerca gutturosa, O. gibsoni and O. lienalis from England, Australia and Mexico. LDH and GAPDH had identical patterns in each species but the other enzymes clearly distinguished between the species. PGM was the same in O. lienalis and O. gibsoni, but separated them from O. gutturosa. MPI and GPI had similar isoenzymes in O. gutturosa and O. gibsoni, but distinguished them from O. lienalis. Different isoenzyme patterns for all 3 species were obtained with MDH and PEP. The potential use of these techniques towards a better understanding of the epidemiology of human onchocerciasis is discussed. PMID- 6213079 TI - [A prospective study of back complaints in recruits]. PMID- 6213080 TI - [Laparoscopic ventrosuspension]. PMID- 6213081 TI - A proposed standard target for ultrasound Doppler gain calibration. PMID- 6213082 TI - [Analysis of a vision screening test of handicapped children in a hospital milieu]. PMID- 6213083 TI - [Cefobis]. PMID- 6213084 TI - [Characteristics of the course of intracranial otogenic complications based on data from an ENT clinic over a 10-year period]. PMID- 6213085 TI - [Toxoplasmosis in otorhinolaryngology]. PMID- 6213087 TI - [Extension of the borders of the examination area in laparoscopy]. AB - In order to extend the limits of the examination zone in laparoscopy the authors have proposed a method of rolling the greater omentum in a "rouleu" with the help of a special manipulator. The efficiency of the examination becomes greater due to a greater access to the "blind" zone, in particular, for the examination and investigation of the small pelvis organs, small intestine loops, colon mesenterium, formation from the retroperitoneal space and pancreas. In 26 out of 31 patients the method described helped substantially extend the laparoscopic examination. PMID- 6213086 TI - [Diagnosis of closed abdominal injuries complicated by craniocerebral injuries]. PMID- 6213088 TI - Survey radiography of the heart. PMID- 6213089 TI - Immunity to intracellular bacteria. PMID- 6213090 TI - Bacteriophage Mu T mutants are defective in synthesis of the major head polypeptide. PMID- 6213091 TI - Isolation and mapping of Mu nu mutants which grow in him mutants of E. coli. PMID- 6213092 TI - [Rehabilitative treatment of patients with internal diseases]. PMID- 6213093 TI - [Heroism of medical workers during the defense of the Kerch quarries in 1942]. PMID- 6213094 TI - [Hereditary galactosemia in rats: biochemical mechanisms of the disease]. AB - A W/SSM rat strain with symptoms of inherited galactosemia (cataracts, hepatosplenomegaly, aminoaciduria) was previously developed by selection and inbreeding of Wistar rats highly susceptible to the galactosemic effect of galactose. Decreased activity of galactose-I-phosphate uridyl transferase (Gal-I PUT) in liver and erythrocytes is the salient biochemical feature of the strain. The crossing experiments have shown that the decrease in Gal-I-PUT activity was not required for the expression of main galactosemia symptoms. The experiments excluded low galactokinase activity and high susceptibility of glucose-6 phosphate dehydrogenase and phosphoglucomutase to galactose-I-phosphate as probable reasons of galactosemia. It was shown that increased transport of 14C galactose to the erythrocytes was characteristic of galactosemic rat strain. The intracellular accumulation of galactose concerned with its increased transport was assumed as a major reason for the development of galactosemia symptoms in W/SSM rats. Genetic analysis has shown that lens lesions in galactosemic rats were controlled by one dominant gene. It is suggested that this gene is responsible for the enhances transport of galactose into the rat cells and its accumulation in toxic concentrations. The main galactosemic symptoms including cataracts result obviously rom the pleiotropic effect of this gene; the decreased activity of Gal-I-PUT may be a consequence of its epistatic effect. PMID- 6213095 TI - [Trends in the dynamics of age-related morbidity and mortality from malignant neoplasms in the population of Astrakhan Province]. AB - An analysis of the rates of morbidity and mortality from malignant disease in Astrakhan Region showed that these indexes tend to decrease. These standardised indexes for males are higher than for females. Neoplasms tend to occur in advanced age groups, particularly, in females. The morbidity and mortality rates in the city of Astrakhan are higher than in the region. Mortality from malignant tumors ranks second after mortality from cardio-vascular diseases and is responsible for 18.3% of all causes of deaths. Within the last few years, lung cancer has been invariably the main factor claiming the lives of males. PMID- 6213096 TI - [Importance of structured work in the rehabilitation plan for patients and the disabled]. PMID- 6213097 TI - [[Determination of capillary resistance]. PMID- 6213098 TI - [Parallel laparoscopic and echographic studies in hepatobiliary diseases]. AB - Parallel laparoscopic and echographic examinations were performed to 382 patients with hepatobiliary diseases. Out of 201 patients with diffuse diseases of the liver, accurate diagnosis of liver cirrhosis was laparoscopically made in 98.4 per cent, and echographically in 85.6 per cent, in case of chronic persistent hepatitis in 100 per cent and 77.4 per cent resp. (the differences being statistically significant). Accurate diagnosis in a higher percentage was also laparoscopically made in chronic active hepatitis and liver steatosis as compared with the echographic method, the differences being statistically insignificant. In 134 patients with focal liver diseases, the accurate diagnosis of liver metastases was laparoscopically made in a higher percentage (in 92.5%, echographically in 88.75%) but in carcinoma of the gallbladder--echographically, the differences being statistically insignificant. In case of primary carcinoma and cystic formations of liver the potentialities of both methods are almost identical. Liver tuberculosis is only diagnoses by laparoscopy and liver biopsy. PMID- 6213099 TI - [13-Cis-retinoic acid: a new form of treatment of rosacea (author's transl)]. AB - 13-cis-retinoic acid was given with good results to 7 patients with exceptionally severe rosacea. Side effects were transitory and of minor consequence and subsided quickly on reduction of the dosage and topical application of mild cosmetics. The long-lasting remissions recorded to date indicate that 13-cis retinoic acid may prove a new and successful approach to the treatment of rosacea. PMID- 6213100 TI - [Possibilities and limits of ambulatory treatment of the handicapped]. PMID- 6213101 TI - [Spinal changes in relation to age, body weight and occupational stress]. PMID- 6213102 TI - [Dystrophic spinal changes in relation to the back--evaluation of 1000 patients between ages 20 and 65]. PMID- 6213103 TI - [Experimental corticosteroid-related bone and joint changes]. PMID- 6213104 TI - [The effect of chronic aminoglutethimide and dehydroepiandrosterone treatment on various parameters of thigh and vertebral bones in rats]. PMID- 6213105 TI - [Considerations on possibilities of early diagnosis of tumors of the kidney parenchyma]. PMID- 6213106 TI - [Prenatal diagnosis from the viewpoint of human genetics]. PMID- 6213107 TI - [Support given to physically and mentally handicapped children and adolescents in the Karl Marx Stadt county from the viewpoint of the Health and Social Department of the County Council]. PMID- 6213108 TI - [The behavior of circulating immune complexes in acute viral hepatitis]. AB - The authors analyse the behaviour of the circulating immune complexes in acute virus hepatitides with and without HBs antigenaemia in correlation with the bilirubin level and the transaminases. No essential differences were found depending on the severity of the lesion of the liver parenchyma and on the proof of the HBs-antigen. Constantly increased immune complexes were found during the whole period of observation. It seems that 4 weeks after the beginning of the disease a normalisation of the immunogenic reactivity and an end of the elimination of the causative organism did not yet appear. PMID- 6213109 TI - Immunoreactive opsin in the pineal organ of reptiles and birds. AB - The presence of opsin was investigated with light microscopic immunocytochemistry in pinealocytes of reptiles and birds (Emys orbicularis, Pseudemys scripta elegans, Lacerta agilis et viridis, Gallus domesticus, Columba livia, Melopsittacus undulatus, Serinus canaria, Taeniopyga punctate). The outer segments of pinealocytes selectively bound antiopsin antibody as revealed by indirect immunocytochemical techniques, indicating the occurrence of a rhodopsin like photopigment in these structures. The results were compared with those obtained in retinal photoreceptors of the same species as well as in the pineal organ of fishes and amphibians (Cyprinus carpio, Carassius auratus, Rana esculenta). Corresponding to immunoreactive structures seen in the light microscope, we found typical outer segments on a large number of pinealocytes in most of the reptiles and birds studied. The presence of opsin in the numerous well developed pineal outer segments of these reptilian and avian species contradicts the earlier hypothesis on the gradual regression of pineal sensitive structures in the avian line of evolution. PMID- 6213110 TI - [The problem of congenital duodenal obstruction - A report of 123 cases (author's transl)]. AB - The authors report on a consecutive series of 123 children (46 males, 54 females) with congenital duodenal obstruction who were operated on between 1962 and 1980 at the Department of Paediatric Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Surgical Centre. 78 patients (64%) had an extrinsic obstruction; in 36% of the children a membraneous stenosis or complete atresia was observed. 74 children (60%) were mature at birth and had no additional malformations. Out of the remaining 49 children, 25 were mature but had additional malformations. 13 prematurely born children without and 11 prematurely born children with additional malformations were seen. 17 (14%) out of 123 children died. In 74 cases with uncomplicated duodenal obstruction only 5 children (5%) died, as compared to 13 children (27%) out of 49 cases with complicated obstruction. A division of our patients into two time spans (1962 to 1971, 1972 to 1980) shows a total lethality of 25% for the first series, which included 39% cases with complications. In a consecutive series of 54 children operated between 1972 and 1980 no child died. PMID- 6213111 TI - [Ultrastructure of dentoepithelial junction. A review article (author's transl)]. PMID- 6213112 TI - [Clinical and bacteriological examinations to assess the effectiveness of the treatment of infections in the face neck area with vacuum drainage (author's transl)]. PMID- 6213113 TI - [The preparation of ground sections of teeth and bone 3. Information: the preparation of thin ground sections (author's transl)]. PMID- 6213114 TI - [Influence of Berlocombin 200 and its components trimethoprim and mebacid upon the quality of dental hard tissues of rabbits (author's transl)]. PMID- 6213115 TI - [The reaction between bioglass or biovitreous ceramics and rabbit tibia bone (author's transl)]. PMID- 6213116 TI - [Observations on treatment of patients with acupuncture needles (author's transl)]. PMID- 6213117 TI - Abstracts of papers presented at the 28th ORCA Congress (Organization for Caries Research), 2 to 4 July, 1981, Erfurt, German Democratic Republic. PMID- 6213118 TI - [Orthodontic problems: children with open bite]. PMID- 6213119 TI - Isolation of bacteriophages for typing staphylococcus intermedius isolated from pigeons. AB - Attempts to isolate phages for typing Staphylococcus intermedius isolated from pigeons were made. Five phages were isolated from the lysogenic strains and the nostrils of pigeons, and were used for typing 50 strains isolated from pigeons in Japan, Belgium and Czechoslovakia. Thirty-one (62.0%) of the 50 strains were typed at either routine test dilution (RTD) or 100 X RTD into 8 phage patterns. A total of 122 strains of S. intermedius isolated from dogs, horses, mink and foxes were subjected to phage typing with pigeon phages, with the result that 10 (8.2%) of the 122 strains were typable. S. aureus and S. epidermidis, 59 and 58 strains, respectively, were resistant to lysis due to the pigeon phages. The experimental phages were considerably specific for S. intermedius isolated from pigeons. PMID- 6213120 TI - [Manifestations of the cyclic nature of the epidemic process in dysentery]. AB - Different forms of dysentery, especially those caused by Sh. sonnei and Sh. flexneri, have been found to differ considerably in their cyclic recurrence. The development cycles of the epidemic processes of dysentery have an objective character, occur in the presence of any tendencies in the morbidity rate, and depend on the natural factors. Thus, the cycles of increase and decrease in morbidity are 3, 6, 9, 12 years for dysentery caused by Sh. sonnei and 6, 7, 8 years for dysentery caused by Sh. flexneri. PMID- 6213121 TI - [Characteristics of bunyavirus- and togavirus-induced nonspecific suppressors inhibiting delayed hypersensitivity]. AB - Some properties and mechanisms of action of nonspecific suppressor cells, inhibiting delayed hypersensitivity to sheep red blood cells and activated in vivo in experimental tick-borne encephalitis and Tahyna virus infections in mice, have been studied. These nonspecific suppressor cells have been identified as T lymphocytes in experiments with the use of antisera to T- and B-lymphocytes. The function of the suppressor cells can be realized without their proliferation and is mediated by a soluble factor whose formation requires the synthesis of protein. In respect to hydrocortisone, the above-mentioned suppressor cells are subdivided into 2 subpopulations: hydrocortisone-resistant in the thymus and hydrocortisone-sensitive in the spleen. PMID- 6213122 TI - [Early criteria for the social and occupational prognosis of patients with periodic schizophrenia]. AB - A total of 193 patients suffering from periodic schizophrenia for a long time (over 20 years) and living in Moscow and Andijan were exposed to a clinical and epidemiological survey. Criteria of early social and work prognosis, both common and specific for each population, were eliminated. The lack of the pathological premorbid and mental activities are prognostically benign signs for both populations, while schizoid traits and low educational level are regarded as unfavourable. In the Moscow population, the prognostically benign sign was the educational level while the unfavourable one was unskilled labour. As regards the Andijan population, the benign manifestations included secondary education and marriage by the disease commencement, whereas the unfavourable sign was no marriage. PMID- 6213123 TI - [Jejuno-ileal adenocarcinoma (observations on 6 cases)]. PMID- 6213124 TI - [Changes in the principal biohumoral parameters after jejuno-ileal bypass in rats with experimentally induced obesity (preliminary note)]. AB - End-to-end jejuno-ileal by-pass is one of the most extensively used surgical procedure in the treatment of morbid obesity. The Authors evaluated hematologic indices in experimentally induced obese Sprague-Dowley rats and their modifications after jejuno-ileal by-pass. This surgical procedure induced a significant weight loss and a considerable improvement of glucidic and lipidic metabolic disorders, presents in experimentally obese rats. The Authors conclude that an intestinal by-pass preserving a jejuno-ileal tract with sufficient absorbtion potential, is able to induce adequate weight loss with regression of glucidic and lipidic metabolic disorders, in absence of heavy alterations of the others hematologic indices. PMID- 6213125 TI - [Double-contrast arthrography of the knee: possible causes of errors of interpretation]. PMID- 6213126 TI - [Effect of acute administration of verapamil on various metabolic parameters in healthy humans]. AB - Calcium-antagonist drugs have been used for sometime in various forms of cardiac disease. Some of these molecules, in the initial phase of administration, show a net increase in the FFA liberation. So far it is not certain whether this behavior also refers to other molecules. Therefore we studied the action of verapamil on FFA, on glycemia and on insulinemia. The drug was administered orally (single dose of 80 mg) and intravenously (single dose of 10 mg in 45 m'). 15 healthy subjects were examined, 7 women and 8 men, aged from 19 to 45. These subjects were also used as controls, administered with placebo. Our findings show that this calcium-antagonist drug is not capable of interfering with the studied metabolic parameters. PMID- 6213127 TI - [Breast pathology: technic and method of intraoperative histopathologic diagnosis at the Gustave Roussy Institute (Villejuif, France)]. PMID- 6213128 TI - [Initial observations in a cardiovascular poly-instrumental study of a homogeneous sample of young football players]. AB - A group of 20 football players (from 12 to 15 aged) has been taken for a boodless test of cardiology (such as polygraphic and echocardiographic test) at the beginning of a longitudinal study in order to give the exact meaning, as much as possible, to the fitness for an agonistic training. One of the subjects examined was not for that test because of his cardiomegaly, another one had an anomalous mitral valve, in both the subjects the clinic and instrumental side resulted within normal ranges only if searched by E.C.G. About the other athletes the starting parameters will be controlled again, after they will have been in that football team for 1-2 years more. The authors think the point that came out is very important and they hope everybody to execute those studies either to avoid some cardiopathies pass unnoticed to routine tests or to value the effects of training of heart sizes and performances. PMID- 6213129 TI - [Continuous peritoneal lavage in the treatment of generalized acute peritonitis]. PMID- 6213130 TI - [Protocol of findings on local morpho-functional changes after rectosigmoid excision]. PMID- 6213131 TI - [Anti-reflux technic in myotomy of the cardia for cardial achalasia]. PMID- 6213132 TI - Cellular immune functions after heart operations. AB - Eight patients were observed by mitogen stimulation and E-rosetting after heart operations with and without cardiopulmonary bypass. The first sample of blood was taken before surgery, the second on the afternoon of the same day and for a week daily examinations were carried out. A depression of mitogen-stimulated lymphocyte transformation was observed, parallel with a simultaneous T cell depression and a general decrease in the total WBC count. The lowest values were found during the first three days after both open and closed heart operations. After open heart surgery it took a longer time until the values had returned to normal. In two other cases the lymphocytes were examined for suppressor activity. The suppressive effect exerted on the response to mitogenic and allogeneic stimulation was not uniform. Suppressor activity was more affected by surgery than the helper effect in these two cases. PMID- 6213133 TI - The relative importance of Vicryl and Prolene sutures to the strength of healing abdominal wounds. AB - Based on animal experiments the importance of the sutures for the strength of the healing transversal abdominal wall incision was analyzed. As experimental animals rabbits were used, as suture material Prolene and Vicryl, and the wounds were tested using an Alvetron materials testing machine 3, 6, 10, 15, 28, and 56 days postoperatively. The strength of the wounds with suture intact and suture cut was compared. By measurement of the energy absorption the suture in the transversal incisions have lost their importance between the 15th and the 28th day. The investigation further showed that if Vicryl suture was used instead of Prolene of the same USP size, the sutures did not contribute to the strength of the rectus wounds on the 15th day. The results from the present investigation together with the results from clinical investigations are discussed in relation to the incidence of wound rupture and incisional hernias after use of absorbably suture materials. It is concluded that Vicryl and Dexon sutures of suitable USP size can secure the wound until the time when the suture is superfluous. In the conditions with reduced rate of wound healing, however, it could be risky to apply suture materials which cannot secure the wound after the elapse of 3 weeks. PMID- 6213134 TI - [A rare case of the inferior epigastric artery originated from the obturator artery (author's transl)]. PMID- 6213135 TI - Anterior interbody fusion of the lumbar spine. AB - Anterior interbody fusion of the lumbar spine by the extraperitoneal technique was performed in 47 patients with incapacitating low-back pain due to spondylolisthesis (26 patients) or disc degeneration (21 patients). The mean age was 38.2 years. Forty-five patients were re-examined 2--6 years postoperatively. According to the patients' own evaluation at follow-up, 53 per cent were free or almost free of back pain, 29 per cent were improved, 11 per cent unchanged and 7 per cent felt that the condition had deteriorated. Non-union occurred in nine patients, but among these three were free of pain, four were better and two were worse than before operation. The results do not seem to be correlated with age, sex, duration of pain before operation, degree of slipping in spondylolisthesis or the length of time out of work before surgery. It is concluded that this method may be worth continuing, but the patients should be selected with care. PMID- 6213136 TI - Effect of cloxazepine on mitochondria. AB - Cloxazepine is a neuroleptic drug synthesized at the Research Chemical Pharmaceutical Institute, Sofia. Chemically it represents 2-chloro-11 (4-methyl-1 piperazinyl)-dibenz (1,4)-oxazepine succinate. The effect of cloxazepine on respiration and phosphorylation of isolated brain mitochondria as well as on the swelling of rat liver mitochondria was examined. It has been demonstrated that the drug is a very poor inhibitor of the respiratory chain, acting mainly on its substrate end. At concentration of 0.5 mM it causes a 50 per cent inhibition of the soluble mitochondrial ATPase. It has a marked membrane action: it uncouples oxidative phosphorylation and causes swelling of the mitochondria. The results show that pharmacological action of cloxazepine is not connected with influence on the energy metabolism but with membrane action of the drug. PMID- 6213137 TI - Nervous controlling and feedback circuits influencing the activity of smooth muscles, secretion of glands and tissue metabolism. PMID- 6213138 TI - The differences in receptor cross reactivity and clonal structure between cytotoxic T lymphocytes, specific suppressor T cells and memory T cells immune to antigens of the H-2 complex. PMID- 6213139 TI - [Maximum expiratory flow rate (peak flow) in healthy persons and patients with bronchial asthma]. AB - Lung function tests were done on 42 patients, 22 asthmatics and 20 normal volunteers. The peak flow and expiratory flows at different levels of the forced vital capacity curve were evaluated. The flow-volume curves were obtained with a conventional spirometer, and the peak flow was determined with a Wright flowmeter. The peak flow obtained by the two methods were within the normal range, although the values registered by the Wright flowmeter were consistently lower. A reduction of the expiratory flow in the distal part of the vital capacity curve was observed in asthmatics, suggesting small airways obstruction. In conclusion, peak flow is not of use in the detection of predominantly distal airways obstruction. PMID- 6213140 TI - Comparison of the attitudes of physical education, recreation, and special education majors toward the disabled. PMID- 6213141 TI - Exercise provocable right ventricular outflow tract tachycardia. AB - During the past 5 years, we have seen six patients who met inclusion criteria of exertional palpitations, reproducible treadmill (TM) provocable ventricular tachycardia (VT), and performance of electrophysiologic (EP) studies including isoproterenol (ISO) infusion. There were five males and one female, aged 15 to 55 years (mean +/- SD, 31 +/- 18 years). Three patients were trained athletes, two patients had mitral valve prolapse, three had enlarged right ventricular (RV) volumes (all trained athletes), and two had no evidence of organic heart disease. TM testing in all patients demonstrated reproducible exercise-provocable VT of at least 20 beats' duration. TM VT was characterized by left bundle branch block pattern ORS morphology and rates of 150 to 230 bpm (186 +/- 30 bpm). EP did not reproduce VT in five of six patients while ISO at a dose of 2 to 4 micrograms/min (2.5 +/- 0.8 micrograms/min) reproduced VT in all patients. ISO VT was characterized by QRS morphology identical to TM VT and rates of 165 to 230 bpm (191 +/- 26 bpm). Endocardial mapping of ISO VT revealed earliest activity in RV outflow tract. Serial TM testing revealed suppression of TM VT in all six patients on propranolol therapy. Responses to class I drugs were variable and less successful. In summary, we describe a group of patients with common clinical, ECG, and electrophysiologic features who may share a common pathophysiology of VT. Possible mechanisms are discussed. PMID- 6213142 TI - Physical, biologic, and phenotypic properties of natural regulatory cells in murine bone marrow. AB - A lymphocyte-enriched fraction of murine bone marrow (BML) contains natural regulatory cells (NRC) that can inhibit, on a dose-dependent basis, proliferative and cytotoxic responses to alloantigens in a mixed lymphocyte culture. The objective of this study was to investigate the characteristics of the cells responsible for this phenomenon in CBA mice. Maximal suppression was obtained with BML cells themselves rather than cell products. Light-scatter analysis of NRC on the fluorescence-activated cell sorter demonstrated them to be larger than small lymphocytes, and their sedimentation in discontinuous Percoll gradients showed the cells to be of heterogeneous density. This heterogeneity is further reflected by the fact that both plastic adherent and nonadherent BML are suppressive. NRC must be viable in order to mediate suppression; they are cortisone-resistant and are not affected by doses of gamma irradiation up to 1,000 R. NRC are not T or B lymphocytes or Ia-bearing macrophages. The involvement of mature granulocytes and macrophages in natural suppression is unlikely in that NRC do not bear Fc receptors. Elimination of cells from BML with the natural killer (NK) surface marker Asialo GM1 does not abrogate suppression. NRC are capable of mediating suppression across major and minor histocompatibility complex barriers. While lymphoid cells are prominent in BML, the contamination of this marrow fraction with immature granulocytes and monocytes makes a morphologic identification of NRC difficult. These characteristics are most consistent with NRC begin immature marrow cells of undetermined lineage. The relationship of NRC to naturally occurring marrow suppressor cells described in other systems is not yet clear and awaits experimental clarification. PMID- 6213143 TI - Psychological distress in mothers of disabled children. AB - We examined the impact of child disability on psychological distress in mothers, by comparing scores on two indexes of psychological distress of 369 mothers of children with cystic fibrosis, cerebral palsy, myelodysplasia, or multiple physical handicaps, with those of 456 mothers from a randomly selected sample of families ("control" subjects). Mothers of disabled children scored significantly higher than control subjects on both indexes of psychological distress. This finding persisted when the mothers' education, family income, and racial composition were controlled for. Type of disability, ie, the diagnostic classification of the disabled children, was unrelated to the mother's level of psychological distress. In contrast, the disabled child's dependence on others in daily activities had a significant effect on both measures of psychological distress; the more dependent the child, the greater was the mother's distress. PMID- 6213145 TI - Validity of Bernoulli census, log-linear, and truncated binomial models for correcting for underestimates in prevalence studies. PMID- 6213144 TI - Salmonella vertebral osteomyelitis: a case report with literature review. AB - Salmonellosis rarely causes osteomyelitis in previously healthy children. A 15 year-old girl was found to have vertebral osteomyelitis due to Salmonella cerro, the first-reported case to the best of our knowledge. Standard treatment with ampicillin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole failed to cure the infection. She recovered after a course of moxalactam therapy and surgery. PMID- 6213146 TI - Studies of immune abnormalities in systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in humans and in mice appears to be a syndrome with different cellular bases. In individuals, the illness is influenced by a variety of factors, including genetic, hormonal, immune, and environmental. In mice, SLE can be induced with polyclonal B-cell activators and thymectomy. Retardation of disease occurs with the gene xid on an NZB background. Tolerance studies indicate that tolerance depends upon a normal thymus. In addition, females can be nontolerant with a single immune defect, whereas males can become tolerant with only one defect; they become nontolerant with two immune defects. These studied may help to explain the prevalence of SLE in females and the protective effects of androgens. Human SLE is characterized by excessive B cell activity and impaired T cell activity, especially in active disease. A scheme by which the disease becomes activated is put forth. The details of cell-cell dialogue are becoming clearer with study of the autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction. T 4+ cells provide helper signals for T 8+ cells. Macrophages and T cells combine to regulate the AMLR. The AMLR itself gives rise to a variety of functional cells and serves as an amplification system. This system is defective in active SLE. Preliminary attempts have been made to separate human SLE into subgroups on the basis of the ratio of helper to suppressor cells (RT). A low RT is associated with renal disease, whereas a high RT characterizes patients with a multisystem illness with less important kidney involvement. PMID- 6213147 TI - Evidence for an immune complex disorder in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). AB - Immunofluorescence findings have provided evidence for widespread immune complex deposits in SLE. Studies of severe proliferative lupus nephritis have shown that DNA-anti DNA complexes are of major importance. The immune complex systems in the deposits of mesangial and membranous lupus nephritis, as well as in extraglomerular sites have not been thoroughly analyzed, but there is evidence that antinuclear antibodies participate. The key role of DNA complexes in severe lupus nephritis (and probably in other lesions) may be due to its affinity for basement membranes. It is not clear to what extent immune complex deposits are initially formed in situ or as the result of arrest of circulating complexes; in any case, circulating complexes, which are present in high levels in patients with active SLE, are probably of crucial importance in SLE, since they can clearly form deposits in certain sites, add to existing deposits, saturate the reticuloendothelial system and exert other effects, such as on leucocyte function and the immune response. Other pathogenetic mechanisms are also of importance in SLE. In particular, autoantibodies against cell surface antigens can cause abnormalities of circulating cells and possibly parenchymal cells (as shown in studies on anti-brain antibodies). Experimental studies indicate that DTH reactions could account for some of the lesions of SLE, including glomerular lesions, but definitive evaluation of this mechanism awaits the development of techniques that allow positive identification of cell mediated reactions in vivo. PMID- 6213148 TI - Factors influencing glomerular and tubulointerstitial patterns of injury in SLE. PMID- 6213149 TI - Patterns of renal injury in systemic lupus erythematosus: light and immunofluorescence microscopic observations. AB - Light and immunofluorescent microscopic patterns of lupus nephritis in 203 biopsies, 1 nephrectomy, and 20 autopsies from 179 patients were analyzed. The latest World Health Organization (WHO) classification was used. Seventy patients had diffuse lupus nephritis, 43 mesangial, 19 membranous, 19 focal, and 16 minimal change; 2 patients had advanced sclerosing nephritis. Nine patients were difficult to classify by light microscopy, but 3 of these could be classified with the help of immunofluorescence microscopy. Strict definition, especially of category III (focal and segmental lupus nephritis) is important, since this lesion has a tendency to heal, and patients with few immune deposits outside the segmental lesions have a rather good prognosis. Category V (membranous lupus nephritis) should probably be limited to membranous lesions with pure subepithelial deposits or with subepithelial and mesangial deposits, while membranous changes associated with diffuse or focal proliferative lesions are better classified as Category IV (diffuse lupus nephritis). It was observed that steroid treatment reduces the amount of deposits, especially those in the subendothelial and mesangial locations. The amount of proliferation is also reduced, but in a considerable proportion of cases, it is replaced by sclerosis. Therefore, interpretation of biopsy patterns must take prior therapy into consideration. Immunofluorescence findings in the glomeruli correlated quite well with light microscopic patterns. Active interstitial inflammation, which is most common in diffuse lupus nephritis, was only observed in the presence of tubulointerstitial immune deposits. Acute arteritis was much more common in autopsy than in biopsy specimens pointing to its ominous nature. It was concluded that combined examination of biopsies by light and immunofluorescence microscopy as well as electron microscopy, and strict categorization of lesions are valuable diagnostic and prognostic aids. Their usefulness is considerably enhanced if certain clinical data, such as prior therapy are taken into consideration. PMID- 6213150 TI - Role of electronmicroscopy in the classification of lupus nephritis. AB - The role of transmission electronmicroscopy in the clarification of the pleomorphic lesions of lupus nephritis is reviewed. Emphasis is placed on the WHO classification of glomerular lesions and in the importance of electronmicroscopy, particularly the precise identification of the milder forms of glomerular involvement. This is essential for the proper therapeutic management of patients with lupus nephritis and to establish a more accurate prognosis. PMID- 6213151 TI - New approaches to clinical pathologic correlation in lupus nephritis. PMID- 6213152 TI - Expression of the marker (X) (q28) in lymphoblastoid cell lines. AB - The marker(X)(q28) chromosome associated with one type of X-linked mental retardation has been demonstrated in lymphoblastoid cell lines established from affected individuals. The mar(x) can reliably and repeatedly be seen by the addition of FUdR to the cultures for 24 hrs prior to harvest. This simple technique provides an excellent in vitro experimental test system for investigation of the mar(X). PMID- 6213154 TI - The implications of S-phase exchanges for the mechanisms of radiosensitivity in trisomy 21. AB - Human lymphocytes obtained from four patients with Down syndrome and from two normal individuals were irradiated with X-rays during their S phase and examined for chromatid type aberrations. It is suggested that the significantly increased frequency of asymmetrical chromatid interchanges found in trisomic cells is related to an altered DNA repair system. This altered repair system is probably responsible for the increased frequency of chromosome aberrations that can be induced in these cells by x-rays and the increased tendency for leukemia observed in Down syndrome as well. PMID- 6213153 TI - Maternal-age effect in aneuploidy: does altered embryonic selection play a role? AB - The age of mothers of children with trisomy 21 (47,+21) is elevated no matter if the extra chromosome is of maternal or paternal origin, and it has been postulated that decreasing maternal selection against affected conceptuses with advancing age might explain this observation. Since the absence of sufficient data on 47,+21 abortuses precludes a direct test of this hypothesis, we have taken an indirect approach. Pooled data from spontaneous abortions and live births with autosomal trisomies, XXY and XXX, were examined to determine the natural history of these aneuploid conceptuses and its relation to maternal age. The results are consistent with decreasing embryonic selection in older women. PMID- 6213155 TI - Peyronie's disease: a newly recognized autosomal-dominant trait. AB - Peyronie's disease, a connective tissue disorder of unknown cause, is characterized by the formation of thickened fibrous plaques on the dorsum of the penis. It often occurs simultaneously with other fibrotic changes, most notably Dupuytren's contracture of the hands or feet. There are no previous reports suggesting inheritance of this syndrome; however, Willscher et al reported an association between Peyronie's disease and antigens of the HLA-B7 cross-reacting group. Family studies were undertaken when three patients reported similarly affected first-degree relatives. One kindred showed father-to-son transmission of Peyronie's disease with Dupuytren's contracture in three generations. Pedigree analysis of the three families suggests that Peyronie's syndrome is a male limited, autosomal-dominant trait. Antigens of the HLA-B7 cross-reacting group occurred in all three kindreds; however, the data ruled out close linkage of the disease and HLA. PMID- 6213156 TI - Coding, strategic behavior, and language performance of institutionalized mentally retarded young adults. AB - An information-processing model was used to examine the coding and language functions of institutionalized, moderately and severely retarded persons. Contextual grammatical structures were found to relate to sequential processing whereas comprehension and expression of relational thought was related to both sequential processing and simultaneous processing. The sample was divided into four subgroups based upon etiology. Down's syndrome residents, in general, performed more poorly on most measures than did brain-damaged subjects and subjects of unknown etiology. Down syndrome subjects were significantly less capable than others on sequential-processing tasks and in expressive language. The utility of the model was discussed in terms of remedial programming for institutionalized retarded persons. PMID- 6213157 TI - Natural history of dysgerminoma. AB - Data on 56 patients with pure dysgerminoma are discussed. Forty-nine patients were classified as having new disease or were to have reassessment of disease, and seven cases were to be restaged (one with and six without clinical evidence of disease). Of new and reassessment cases, 44 patients underwent lymphography, 16 underwent peritoneoscopy with diaphragmatic inspection and 30 had peritoneal cytologic testing performed. Positive lymphography resulted in restaging in 31.6% of patients. Diaphragmatic inspection was always negative. Peritoneal cytologic testing was positive for malignant cells in three patients and worsened the stage in one. Pathologic staging of disease was as follows: Stage IA, 24; Stage IB, one Stage IC, one; Stage III peritoneal disease, two. Stage III retroperitoneal disease, 12; Stage III peritoneal and retroperitoneal disease; four. The 5-year relapse-free survival rates were 91% in patients with pathologic Stages IA, IB, and IC; 74% in those with Stage III retroperitoneal disease, and 24% in patients with Stage III peritoneal disease or peritoneal plus retroperitoneal disease. The results indicate that the prognosis is excellent for patients with Stage I and Stage III retroperitoneal disease whereas peritoneal involvement is associated with a poor prognosis. PMID- 6213158 TI - Spermicides and Down's syndrome. PMID- 6213160 TI - Stimulation of lymphocytes by spermatozoa-stimulated cells. AB - The mechanism of spermatozoa-lymphocyte interaction was studied using spermatozoa and lymphocytes obtained from 11 healthy individuals and from 2 patients with spermatocoele. The lymphocytes activated by spermatozoa in 3-day cultures were used as inducers of fresh, unstimulated autologous or allogeneic lymphocytes. In 9 cases of 13 tested sperm samples, a slight proliferative response of lymphocytes stimulated by spermatozoa-induced lymphocytes was observed. The final effect did not depend on whether an autologous or an allogeneic system was used in the first and the second incubation. A possible explanation of the observed reaction is discussed. PMID- 6213159 TI - Thymic hormone-induced accelerated development of antibody responsiveness to sheep red blood cells in the newborn mouse. AB - The influence of thymic preparations on the kinetics of the development of PFC response to sheep erythrocytes was tested in mice 0 to 4 weeks old. Soluble thymic factor (STF) or thymic epithelial culture supernatant (TES) was prepared from the thymuses of C57B1/6 mice. STF was injected to gravid mice on day 13 or on day 18 of gestation. A marked acceleration in the appearance of PFC to SRBC was noted only in the offspring from those mothers having received STF on day 18. The ability to generate anti-SRBC response in vitro by splenocytes from 1- to 4 week-old mice was significantly improved in the presence of TES. The accelerated appearance of the response to a T-dependent antigen is attributed to increase in the ratio of T helper/T suppressor cells resulting from differentiation and/or clonal expansion under the influence of STF crossing of the placental barrier in the materno-fetal direction. PMID- 6213161 TI - Allogeneic responses in vitro induced by fetomaternal alloimmunization. AB - The present study was undertaken in order to determine what type(s) of pregnancy induced allogeneic reaction could alter MLC (mixed lymphocyte culture) reactivity in routine HLA-D typing of lymphocytes in multiparous women (MW) possessing antibodies against paternal HLA-DR antigens. Unresponsiveness to homozygous typing cells (HTC) representing a paternal and probably fetal HLA-DR determinant was frequently observed. Kinetics experiments ruled out an early secondary proliferative response to HTC representing the paternal HLA-D determinant, which would be missed in a classical long-term mixed lymphocyte culture. Direct cytotoxicity against paternal or panel target cells was not always associated with inhibition of proliferative response to the same stimulator cell. Specific anti-HLA-DR blocking activity (antibodies?) in the supernates of restimulation reactions of lymphocytes from MW could be responsible for this inhibitory effect. Moreover, the study points to the existence of suppressor cells in the immunized MW acting independently of specific restimulation. The in vitro suppression appeared to be selective, restricted to cells sharing HLA-D linked structures with the suppressor cells, and suggests that auto-regulator mechanisms could be induced in pregnancy in order to modulate antibody production. PMID- 6213162 TI - [Role of diagnostic and surgical laparoscopy in treating female sterility]. PMID- 6213163 TI - A review of trisomies 21, 18, and 13. PMID- 6213164 TI - Immunofluorescence microscopy. The "string of Pearls" phenomenon-an immunofluorescent serological finding in patients screened for adverse drug reactions. PMID- 6213165 TI - [The handicapped, a normal member of contemporary society. The UNICEF strategy]. PMID- 6213166 TI - Spinal Opiate analgesia and facial pruritus. PMID- 6213168 TI - A comparative study of the surgical anatomy of the tendons of insertions of the extrinsic muscles of the eyeball in different domestic animals. PMID- 6213167 TI - A sensitive and simple assay of starch synthase activity with pyruvate kinase and luciferase. PMID- 6213169 TI - [Craniocephalic topography of the horse (Spanish breed) based on radiological methods]. PMID- 6213170 TI - Surgical anatomy of the lens in different domestic animals. PMID- 6213171 TI - [Effects of incisor amputation on submaxillary gland in the rat. Changes in nerves and blood vessels]. PMID- 6213172 TI - [Morphological aspects of the internal carotid artery in the carotid canal]. PMID- 6213173 TI - Histomorphological study of the JG complex of the one-humped camel (Camelus dromedarius). PMID- 6213174 TI - Influence of colchicine on lactating mammary gland of the cow and rat with special reference to the exocytosis and to the milk fat globule secretion. PMID- 6213175 TI - [Morphological variations of mammary gland alveoli]. PMID- 6213176 TI - Ultrastructural observations on nerve fibres in a freshwater teleost epidermis. PMID- 6213177 TI - [Histological differentiation of a 4,000-year-old hair sample]. PMID- 6213178 TI - On the lymphocyte activation during allogeneic pregnancy in rats (Rattus norvegicus). PMID- 6213179 TI - [Elements of anatomy]. PMID- 6213180 TI - Correlates of ovarian morphology, estrous behavior, and cyclicity in an inbred strain of miniature swine. AB - Ovarian morphology and behavioral relationships were studied in a group of nine miniature pigs with a characteristically small litter size (-5) and an average coefficient of inbreeding of 0.39. The first day of standing estrus was designed as day 0, Laparoscopy was used to evaluate and photograph ovarian activity on days 1, 5, 11, 17, and day 2 of the subsequent estrous cycle. Mean (+/-SEM) duration of estrus and the estrous cycle was 3.1 +/- 0.2 and 22.6 +/- 0.3 days, respectively. An average of 9.0 +/- 0.4 vesicular follicles developed/estrous period and 96% of the follicles showed morphologic evidence of ovulation resulting in a mean of 8.6 +/- 0.3 corpora lutea (CL) per animal. There was no significant correlation between the degree of inbreeding and number of vesicular follicles (r = 0.27) or CL (r = 0.28) developing/cycle within the experimental group. Mature preovulatory follicle and CL size ranged from 6-12 mm and 8-12 mm in diameter, respectively, and 22.5% of the newly formed CL contained distinct postovulatory stigmata. These data indicated that 1) temporal relationships of sexual behavior and gross ovarian morphology in the miniature pig were similar to descriptions previously reported for the standard pig, and 2) the reduced litter sized characteristic to this particular strain is, at least in part, due to decreased number of vesicular follicles developing during the estrous cycle. PMID- 6213181 TI - Clinical pharmacology of atracurium besylate (BW 33A): a new non-depolarizing muscle relaxant. AB - Atracurium, a new non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent, was studied in 70 patients anesthetized with fentanyl, thiopental, and nitrous oxide-oxygen. The dose found to produce 95% twitch inhibition (ED95) was 0.2 mg/kg. The onset time from injection to maximum depression of twitch was 4.0 minutes at this dose; the duration to 95% recovery was 44.1 minutes. Twice the ED95 dose (0.4 mg/kg) had an onset time of 1.7 minutes and a duration of 63.5 minutes. No cardiovascular effects were observed in this dosage range. At higher doses (0.5 and 0.6 mg/kg) arterial pressure decreased 13% and 20% and heart rate increased 5% and 8%, respectively. Sixteen patients received at least four successive doses of atracurium. No clinically significant cumulative effect could be shown when recovery from 25% to 75% of control twitch height was compared for initial and final doses in the series. Atracurium spontaneously decomposes at physiologic pH via the Hofmann elimination reaction and may also undergo ester hydrolysis independent of plasma cholinesterase. These proposed pathways of inactivation may explain the lack of cumulative effect and the drug's intermediate duration of action. Based on the results of this study, atracurium offers several clinical advantages and should undergo more extensive clinical trials. PMID- 6213182 TI - Reliability of soft tissue profile analysis in children. AB - Soft tissue outlines from profile radiographs, with or without supplementary photographs, do not provide enough information to reliably assess the underlying skeletal pattern in children 8 and 12 years old. Assessment was less reliable at 8 than at 12 years of age. Prognathic patterns were not as readily identified as retrognathic patterns. Specialty training did not affect the correctness of these limited assessments. PMID- 6213183 TI - Topical medicaments which are common sensitizers. AB - This paper reviews the mechanisms and clinical manifestations of topical medicament dermatitis. It is important for the practicing allergist to aware of this possibility in any patient with a chronic dermatitis. PMID- 6213184 TI - Controlled test of the efficacy of the feed premix formulation of crufomate on the parasites of the gastrointestinal tract and lungs of dairy calves. AB - Activity of the feed premix formulation (M-1839) of crufomate against helminths of the gastrointestinal tract and lungs of cattle was determined in a controlled test. Eight calves were treated and 7 were nontreated. The dosage rate of crufomate was 17 mg of active drug/kg of body weight daily for 3 consecutive days. Removal activity was high against mature Cooperia oncophora (99%) and C punctata (96%) and immature Cooperia spp (87%). Removal of mature Ostertagia ostertagi was 68%. The removal of strongyloides papillosus and Bunostomum phlebotomum was 72% and 67%, respectively, but only a few specimens were present in the nontreated calves. Efficacies against the other mature and immature species of nematodes ranged from 0% to 34%. Lungworms (Dictyocaulus viviparus) were not effectively removed. PMID- 6213185 TI - Comparative efficacy of five supplementation procedures to control selenium vitamin E deficiency in swine. PMID- 6213187 TI - Genetic heterogeneity of dynein-deficiency in cilia from patients with respiratory disease. AB - Impairment of mucociliary clearance as a result of genetic defects of cilia in the respiratory tract has been recognized as a cause of chronic or recurrent respiratory diseases. Respiratory cilia have been examined by high resolution electron microscopy of nasal and bronchial biopsies from children and young adults from 6 months to 24 yr of age. In this series, 17 children with immotile cilia syndrome have been shown to have deficiencies of dynein arms in the cilia. Ultrastructural analysis reveals a variability of dynein defects from the lack of inner arms, the lack of outer arms, to the complete lack of both inner and outer dynein arms. The spectrum of defects that contribute to dynein-deficient cilia presumably reflects separate genetic determinants, affording further evidence that the immotile cilia syndrome is genetically heterogeneous. Despite ultrastructural differences in cilia, no significant differences are evident in the clinical course of the respiratory disease in affected subjects or in the incidence of situs inversus that affects 50% of subjects. PMID- 6213186 TI - Modulation of pokeweed-mitogen-induced immunoglobulin secretion by human bronchoalveolar cells. AB - The effects of human bronchoalveolar cells on pokeweed-mitogen-induced immunoglobulin(Ig) secretion in vitro were investigated, using a reverse hemolytic plaque assay. Unfractionated peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 7 nonsmoking normal subjects responded to pokeweed mitogen with a geometric mean of 6,550 Ig-secreting cells per million cultured mononuclear cells, whereas monocyte depleted mononuclear cells responded with only 148 (p = 0.015, paired 2-tailed t test). The addition of 1 to 20% autologous bronchoalveolar cells to unfractionated mononuclear cells progressively suppressed the Ig-secretory response (p less than 0.01, paired t test comparing 0 to greater than or equal to 10% added bronchoalveolar cells). However, the addition of low concentrations of bronchoalveolar cells to monocyte-depleted mononuclear cells partially reconstituted the response to pokeweed mitogen, whereas the response with higher concentrations of bronchoalveolar cells was similar to background responses. Thus bronchoalveolar cells could modulate pokeweed-nitrogen-induced Ig secretion in different ways, depending on the pressure or absence of monocytes in the mononuclear cell population. The suppressor activities of bronchoalveolar cells were not abrogated by prior irradiation and were only partially reversed by the addition of indomethacin to the cultures. However, prior disruption of bronchoalveolar cells completely abolished their suppressive functions. Suppression of pokeweed-mitogen-induced Ig secretion is probably mediated by intact, radioresistant pulmonary alveolar macrophages. PMID- 6213188 TI - Childhood multiple sclerosis: clinical features and demonstration of changes in T cell subsets with disease activity. AB - Using monoclonal antibodies that identify T cell subsets in human beings (T4 = inducer cell; T5 = suppressor/cytotoxic cell), we have previously shown that most patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) have decreased T5 cells and an elevated T4:T5 ratio during periods of disease activity. We have recently studied three children with MS beginning at 4 years 11 months, 101/2 years, and 2 years 11 months of age. Clinical symptoms included a relapsing brainstem syndrome in the first, Devic syndrome and recurrent optic neuritis in the second, and multiple attacks with accumulating neurological deficits in the third. Two of these children represent the youngest cases of MS yet reported. In each child, circulating T5 cells were reduced or absent during an acute exacerbation of disease; following stabilization, T5 cells returned and the T4:T5 ratio became normal. No changes in T cell subsets were seen in a group of age-matched healthy children or in children suffering from other neurological diseases. Our finding that young children with active MS have a pattern of T cell abnormalities identical to that of adult MS patients suggests that the same pathophysiological process which causes MS in adults occurs in young children as well. PMID- 6213189 TI - Structural basis of proton-translocating protein function. PMID- 6213190 TI - Dose-dependent pharmacokinetics of mezlocillin in relation to renal impairment. AB - The dose dependence of mezlocillin pharmacokinetics was examined in relation to renal function after intravenous doses of 1 and 5 g in 16 subjects with various degrees of renal impairment. Dose and time-average model-independent physiological parameters were calculated from plasma concentration and urinary excretion data. Lack of superimposition of plasma concentration profiles occurred between dosage levels with a twofold exaggeration of areas under the curve produced between doses of 1 and 5 g. Decreased plasma clearances at the higher dose were caused partly by nonlinear renal clearance, but more markedly by dose dependence in nonrenal clearances. At each dosage level, these parameters were examined in relation to creatinine clearances. Plasma and renal clearances exhibited a typical linear correlation with creatinine clearance for each dose level. However, nonrenal clearances demonstrated a linear relationship with creatinine clearance at the 1-g dose, but apparent saturation of this pathway produced lower and relatively constant nonrenal clearance values at the 5-g dose. Mezlocillin pharmacokinetics are thus influenced by both dose and renal function over the dosage range of 1 to 5 g. Saturation in renal clearance and probably in biliary clearance explains the unusual disposition characteristics of mezlocillin observed in this and previously reported studies. PMID- 6213191 TI - Bacteriophage-mediated acquisition of antibiotic resistance by Staphylococcus aureus type 88. AB - Antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains of phage type 88, lysogenic for phage 188, when grown in mixed culture with a nonlysogenic novobiocin resistant strain, acquired novobiocin resistance at a high rate from the nonlysogenic strain. With most strains of phage type 88, there was no detectable transfer of resistance from lysogenic to nonlysogenic cells. Lysogenization with phage 188 of phage-sensitive strains conferred on the lysogenized cells the ability to acquire chromosome and plasmid resistance markers. The acquisition of novobiocin resistance in liquid cultures depended on the aeration of the culture, cell density, and the presence of Ca2+. Pronase, and to a lesser degree other proteinases, increased the rate of acquisition of chromosome- and plasmid determined resistance markers by cells lysogenic for phage 188. PMID- 6213192 TI - Comparison of the in vitro activities of teichomycin A2 and vancomycin against staphylococci and enterococci. AB - The in vitro activity of teichomycin A2 was compared with that of vancomycin by standardized agar dilution testing against clinical isolates of staphylococci and enterococci. Both antibiotics had similar activities against staphylococci. However, teichomycin A2 was significantly more active against enterococci. PMID- 6213193 TI - In vitro activity of moxalactam alone and in combination with penicillin against common meningeal pathogens. AB - Moxalactam demonstrated marked activity against beta-lactamase-positive and negative Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Neisseria meningitidis by both standard minimal inhibitory concentration testing and growth curve studies. Moxalactam was ineffective against S. pneumoniae partially susceptible to penicillin G. Moxalactam (5 micrograms/ml) and penicillin (1 microgram/ml) in combination were indifferent to each other's antibacterial activity, exerting neither synergism nor antagonism against these organisms. PMID- 6213194 TI - Comparative effects of moxalactam and gentamicin on human polymorphonuclear leukocyte functions. AB - The in vitro effects of moxalactam and gentamicin on chemotactic, phagocytic, and microbicidal activities of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes have been studied. Incubation of cells with moxalactam (25 to 400 micrograms/ml) resulted in a 10 to 15% inhibition of leukocyte chemotaxis (P less than or equal to 0.10). Incubation of cells with gentamicin (5 to 40 micrograms/ml) inhibited chemotaxis more than 50% (P less than or equal to 0.50). Neither moxalactam nor gentamicin had any effect on phagocytic or microbicidal capacities of leukocytes. PMID- 6213195 TI - Comparison of piperacillin and penicillin in the treatment of uncomplicated gonorrhea. AB - A total of 120 men with uncomplicated infections caused by beta-lactamase negative, highly penicillin-susceptible strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae were included in this study. They were randomly assigned to regimens of either piperacillin (2.0 g) or procaine penicillin G (4.8 X 10(6) U) intramuscularly, both delivered concomitantly with an oral dose of 1.0 g probenecid. A total of 103 patients completed the study, providing data from 112 infected sites: for the penicillin regimen--urethra, 46; pharynx, 5; and rectum, 4; for the piperacillin regimen--urethra, 53; pharynx, 3; and rectum, 1. In the penicillin group, there were no failures at any of the infected sites. In the piperacillin group, all except one pharyngeal infection were cured. Also, in the piperacillin group, four men visit, whereas no cases of this type occurred in the penicillin group. No major side effects were noted in either group. Clinically, piperacillin was as effective as procaine penicillin G in the treatment of gonococcal urethritis in men. Pharyngeal infection may be refractory to piperacillin therapy. PMID- 6213196 TI - In vitro susceptibility of cephalothin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa to Amikacin and selected new beta-lactam agents. AB - Amikacin was evaluated in vitro by agar dilution testing against 148 different clinical isolates of cephalothin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in parallel with cephalothin, cefoxitin, moxalactam, N-formimidoyl thienamycin, ceftriaxone, and cefmenoxime. Cefsulodin was also evaluated against 39 isolates of P. aeruginosa. More than 80% of all isolates tested were also gentamicin resistant, as determined by disk testing. Moxalactam and amikacin had comparable high activities against Proteus species, Escherichia coli, Serratia species, and Providencia species, and both amikacin and N-formimidoyl thienamycin had comparably high activities against the Klebsiella-Enterobacter group. N Formimidoyl thienamycin was the most active agent against P. aeruginosa, followed by cefsulodin and amikacin. PMID- 6213197 TI - Inhibitors of DNA precursor metabolism in Dictyostelium discoideum. AB - The effects of various inhibitors of DNA precursor metabolism were studied on Dictyostelium discoideum growing in a defined axenic medium. Fluorodeoxyuridine was an effective inhibitor of growth at 20 micrograms/ml; this inhibition was not reversed by thymidine, suggesting that in this organism fluorodeoxyuridine is not acting on thymidylate synthetase alone. Removal of the required nutrient, folic acid, from the medium resulted in a lower maximum level of growth than in the control. The inclusion of adenine, guanine, serine, and thymidine in the minus folic acid medium allowed the final growth level to approach that of the control. Methotrexate, a folic acid analog and dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor, blocked growth completely at 200 micrograms/ml; its effect was partly reversed by the addition of adenine, guanine, serine, and thymidine. Aminopterin, another folic acid analog, had only a temporary effect on cell multiplication, followed by a return to exponential growth. Trimethoprim was ineffective up to 200 micrograms/ml. Hydroxyurea blocked growth in the concentration range of 150 to 300 micrograms/ml. These results indicate that several of these inhibitors are effective for altering thymidine monophosphate synthesis in D. discoideum and hence may be useful for studies of DNA replication and repair and for the isolation and characterization of thymidine-requiring mutants. PMID- 6213198 TI - Clinical evaluation of moxalactam. AB - Moxalactam was administered intravenously or intramuscularly or both in doses of 1 to 12 g/day to 45 patients with clinically significant infections (17 soft tissue or bone, 9 pleuropulmonary, 9 septicemic, 6 urinary tract, and 4 intraabdominal infections). Mean 0.5-h postinfusion levels were 105 micrograms/ml for a 4.0-g dose, 44.7 micrograms/ml for a 2.0-g dose, and 18 micrograms/ml for a 1.0-g dose. We identified 28 isolates of Enterobacteriaceae, 10 Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates, 9 Staphylococcus aureus isolates, and 15 anaerobic bacterial isolates. A total of 15 patients were clinically cured, 8 patients improved, 13 patients improved initially but suffered subsequent relapses or superinfections, and 10 patients failed therapy. Toxicity was generally minimal (reversible eosinophilia, and mild liver function abnormalities, and elevated prothrombin time). The selection or emergence of resistant organisms in 17 patients during treatment (particularly Pseudomonas, enterococci, and Candida) was a disturbing feature of therapy. Our results were generally favorable, considering the complicated underlying medical problems of this group of patients. PMID- 6213200 TI - Comparative in vitro activity of norfloxacin (MK-0366) and ten other oral antimicrobial agents against urinary bacterial isolates. AB - The in vitro activity of a new oral antimicrobial agent, norfloxacin (MK-0366), was compared with those of nalidixic acid, nitrofurantoin, co-trimoxazole, trimethoprim, sulfamethoxazole, cinoxacin, tetracycline, ampicillin, carbenicillin, and cephalexin against 628 urinary bacterial isolates. Norfloxacin was the most active antimicrobial agent tested against the gram-negative bacilli. It was less active than a few of the other antimicrobial agents against enterococci and Staphylococcus aureus. PMID- 6213199 TI - Determination of norfloxacin, a new nalidixic acid analog, in human serum and urine by high-performance liquid chromatography. AB - A high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the analysis of norfloxacin (MK-366) [1-ethyl-6-fluoro-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-7-(1-piperazinyl)3 quinolinecarboxylic acid], a new nalidixic acid analog, in human serum and urine is described. A statistical evaluation of the assay data showed acceptable accuracy and precision for 0.1 to 10.0 micrograms of MK-366 per ml of serum and for 1.0 to 500 micrograms of MK-366 per ml of urine. MK-366 was extracted from serum and urine at pH 7.5 with methylene chloride and back-extracted with sodium hydroxide solution. Chromatography was performed on an anion-exchange column with acetonitrile-phosphate buffer as the mobile phase; UV absorbance was monitored at 273 nm. The method was used to measure MK-366 in clinical specimens. PMID- 6213201 TI - My heart transplant: a second chance to live. PMID- 6213202 TI - Increasing probability of sign language learning by severely mentally retarded individuals: a discussion of learner, sign production, and linguistic variables. AB - A pervasive problem for educators of the severely mentally retarded is language training. In spite of extensive oral language training, many severely mentally retarded individuals never acquire functional oral language. Many of these clients, however, are able to acquire sign language communication skills. The present article discusses sign language learning in terms of learner attributes, production variables in sign, and the referential concepts which the signs represent. More specifically, it is hypothesized that by taking into account variables such as sign translucency, referential concreteness, learning readiness, and by externally organizing the signs to be learned along visual continuums, the probability of sign learning by severely mentally retarded individuals can be increased. PMID- 6213203 TI - On the use of trace levels of [1-14 C] galactose to estimate cycling between fructose 6-phosphate and fructose diphosphate. PMID- 6213204 TI - Isotretinoin in the treatment of acne: histologic changes, sebum production, and clinical observations. AB - Isotretinoin was administered orally for 16 weeks, in a dosage of 1 mg/kg/day, to seven men with severe acne. A 36.2% reduction of nodulocystic lesions was observed at the conclusion of treatment and a 47.2% reduction was noted at the end of a 16-week follow-up period. However, there was an 88.4% decrease in sebum production and a marked reduction histologically in sebaceous gland size after 16 weeks of treatment, with a partial recovery of glandular activity at 32 weeks. The failure to observe a more striking overall response clinically resulted primarily from two of the seven patients showing worsening or no improvement of their disease, despite profound sebaceous gland inhibition. These findings suggest that the marked sebostatic effect of isotretinoin may not be the sole explanation for its mechanism of action in reducing the severity of acne. PMID- 6213205 TI - Diffuse palmoplantar keratoderma with deafness. AB - Two brothers with diffuse palmoplantar keratoderma (Thost-Unna type) also were deaf. Of the 38 members of the patients' family, five had a similar disorder and ten had only hearing loss. The mode of inheritance of the dermatosis is regarded as autosomal dominant and is diagnostically distinguished from the other dermatoses associated with the disturbance of keratinization and deafness. To our knowledge, this is the second report of diffuse palmoplantar keratoderma (Thost Unna type) with deafness, which is considered to be a new variant of the keratodermatoses. PMID- 6213206 TI - Seborrheic keratoses: appearance in course of exfoliative erythroderma and regression associated with histologic mononuclear cell inflammation. AB - We observed a patient in whom large numbers of seborrheic keratoses developed in the course of a generalized dermatitis that progressed into an exfoliative erythroderma. A renal mass was finally discovered and was surgically excised. On microscopic examination, the kidney tumor proved to be a benign fibrous-walled, multilocular cyst. After removal of the renal cyst, the erythroderma and exfoliation subsided. A few months later, the seborrheic keratoses were noted to have become smaller, flatter, and fewer in number. Microscopic examination of five such involuting lesions showed, in each instance, mononuclear cell infiltration of the seborrheic keratoses. Our findings confirm earlier reports that seborrheic keratosis-like lesions developing during the course of widespread inflammatory cutaneous disorders may regress after control of the dermatosis and suggest that mononuclear cell inflammation may be the mechanism by which regression of these lesions is accomplished. PMID- 6213207 TI - Platelet aggregation during and after cardiopulmonary bypass: effect of two different cardiotomy filters. AB - Patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass with a membrane oxygenator were studied to determine the effects of two cardiotomy filters on platelet number and function. A Dacron wool filter removed significantly more microemboli than a 40 mu X 40 mu pore-mesh filter. Postoperatively, there were fewer platelets and a lower total volume of platelets in patients who had a Dacron wool filter in the extracorporeal circuit. However, the volume of adenosine diphosphate-induced aggregates was nearly identical in the two patient groups (p greater than 0.1). The study documents an increased number of circulating platelets after pore-mesh filtration, and suggests that the microaggregates reinfused during pore-mesh filtration represent aggregated platelets that dissociate and subsequently circulate in the patient but do not function. PMID- 6213208 TI - Rabbit mesenteric artery receptors formed by cold exposure mediating increased histamine-induced relaxation. AB - On helically-cut strips of rabbit mesenteric artery contracted with phenylephrine, histamine in the presence of mepyramine caused a partial relaxation at 42 degrees C which was potentiated by reducing the temperature to 25 degrees C. However, under the same conditions, the selective H2 agonist, dimaprit, caused a smaller partial relaxation not enhanced by cooling the strips. Neither changing the temperature range (to 38 degrees and 22 degrees C), deleting the H1 blocker, nor substitution of another H1 blocker (pyribenzamine) resulted in an enhanced relation to dimaprit in the cold. Prior reserpinization of the rabbit did not abolish the cooling-enhanced relaxation to histamine, but did abolish the reversal of relaxation observed at high (10(-3) M) histamine concentrations. Metiamide (3 X 10(-4) M) blocked both histamine (H2)- and dimaprit-induced relaxations more effectively in cooled strips. Thus the H2 receptor activity observed in cooled strips differs in selectivity for the two agonists and antagonist from that observed at normal temperature. PMID- 6213209 TI - [Chemical characterization and pharmacologic and toxicologic peculiarities of humic acid]. PMID- 6213210 TI - [Prenatal toxicological testing of humic acids on laboratory rats]. PMID- 6213211 TI - [Effect of humic acids on selected trace elements in laboratory rats]. PMID- 6213212 TI - [Anthracyclin-cardiomyopathy (author's transl)]. AB - Doxorubicin is one of the most effective antineoplastic drugs in clinical practice. Its clinical usefulness extends from acute leucemia and lymphoma to a wide range of solid tumors. However, the use of this drug is limited by its cardiac toxicity, that is often life-threatening. A number of clinical approaches discussed in this paper have been used to circumvent the problem of doxorubicin induced congestive heart failure. A summarizing survey of the literature has led to establish two principles for prevention of doxorubicin-induced congestive heart failure with clinical meaning in the moment: --the way of administration - the clinical use of Ca-antagonist. The two principles provide an objective basis for preventation of congestive heart failure. The pathobiochemical background, analysed in this paper in detail, demonstrates that the same metabolic condition exist in the myocardial cell as in red blood cell. These interactions are the basis for a further analysis of metabolism in the cell, especially the redox metabolism of glutathione. PMID- 6213213 TI - Pulmonary artery atherosclerosis: correlation with systemic atherosclerosis and hypertensive pulmonary vascular disease. AB - Atherosclerosis of the pulmonary arteries is a common autopsy finding and is associated with a variety of clinical conditions. To delineate the morphologic changes associated with pulmonary artery atherosclerosis, autopsies of 337 consecutive adults (greater than 15 years of age) were studied. For each, 35 features were studied, including age, coronary vascular disease, cardiac chamber hypertrophy and dilation, pulmonary artery and aortic atherosclerosis, and pulmonary thromboemboli and emphysema. These were compared using correlation coefficients and forward and backward stepwise regression procedures for selected variables. Pulmonary artery atherosclerosis correlated significantly with age, right ventricular dilation and hypertrophy, pulmonary emphysema, and aortic atherosclerosis. Regional evaluations of systemic and pulmonary atherosclerosis showed highly significant internal correlations. In the ligamentum arteriosum, the intensity of atherosclerosis over the aortic insertion correlated with the severity of a similar atheroma at the pulmonary artery insertion. With the multiple-regression procedure, pulmonary artery atherosclerosis was a significant predictor of aortic atherosclerosis, right ventricular hypertrophy, and pulmonary embolization. Our study shows that pulmonary embolization. Our study shows that pulmonary embolization. Our study shows that pulmonary artery atherosclerosis is accelerated in patients with atherosclerosis of the systemic arteries and the pathologic lesions associated with hypertensive pulmonary vascular disease. PMID- 6213214 TI - Isolated right ventricular infarction with massive dilation: acquired Uhl's disease? AB - A patient had extensive isolated right ventricular infarction, which as the result of proximal occlusion of a small right coronary artery in a dominant left circumflex coronary arterial system, with minimal left-sided disease. A healed right ventricular infarction and Uhl's disease may have similar clinical and morphologic features. The sequence of events in our patient raises the question of whether coronary artery occlusion and myocardial infarction may be associated with a parchmentlike right ventricle. Damage to the right ventricular myocardium with subsequent superimposed chamber pressures and resulting dilation may lead to morphologic features similar to the parchment heart of Uhl's anomaly. PMID- 6213215 TI - [Pseudo-Morquio type II syndrome]. PMID- 6213216 TI - Necrotizing vasculitis as an immunological complication in toxicity study. PMID- 6213217 TI - [Cytoarchitectonics of the epidermis and epidermal proliferating units]. PMID- 6213218 TI - Type I fiber atrophy and internal nuclei. A form of centronuclear myopathy? AB - A 6-year-old boy had a myopathy characterized by central nuclei with type I muscle fiber atrophy and preponderance. Study of the family members demonstrated no abnormalities with the exception of an unusually high incidence of centrally located muclei in the muscle biopsy specimen of the mother. A review of the literature disclosed a limited number of cases with identical morphological abnormalities, suggesting that they constitute a form of centronuclear myopathy with some distinctive clinical features. PMID- 6213220 TI - Visual handicap in children. AB - Vision is the primary mode of learning and if it is absent or impaired, other pathways must be stimulated. The range of appropriate services available to visually handicapped children is explained in relation to the school run by the Royal Victorian Institution for the Blind in Melbourne. A period of residential education may be needed for children with multiple impairment. Those whose handicap is primarily visual can usually live at home and have their education integrated with that of their normal peers. Home-based services and parent support systems for preschool and kindergarten age children are outlined. To be successful, they require sharing confidential medical and education information. The school provides a major input to a discussion group of all professionals dealing with such children. Information from the group includes the causes, and educational implications of visual handicap in Victorian children. The commonest pathologies are macular problems and congenital cataract. PMID- 6213219 TI - Moxalactam concentration in human aqueous humor after intravenous administration. AB - Two grams of moxalactam disodium was administered intravenously to 20 patients before cataract extraction. Mean aqueous humor concentrations of moxalactam were 0.92, 0.87, 1.98, 2.13, and 1.24 micrograms/ml 30 minutes and 1, 2, 4, and 6 hours, respectively, after treatment. Adequate levels against Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis were not achieved. With the exception of Pseudomonas species, therapeutic levels three to ten times greater than the median minimum inhibitory concentration of moxalactam against Enterobacteriaceae were achieved for up to six hours after administration. PMID- 6213221 TI - Multiple operations for a lumbar disc lesion. PMID- 6213223 TI - Pathogenicity for chickens of avian influenza viruses isolated from whistling swans and a black-tailed gull in Japan. AB - We isolated 24 Hav1 Neq1 and 18 Hav6 Nav3 influenza viruses from such free-living wild waterfowl as whistling swans, black-tailed gulls, and tufted ducks in western Japan in 1980. Two Hav1 Neq1 viruses isolated from a whistling swan and a black-tailed gull and a Hav6 Nav3 virus from a whistling swan were examined for their pathogenicity for chickens. Five-week-old specific-pathogen-free chickens were inoculated with the viruses intratracheally or intraperitoneally. Virus was recovered successfully from all the organs, including the brain, despite the absence of signs of disease. The intracerebral pathogenicity index scores obtained for the Hav1 Neq1 viruses were 0.43 and 0.87; the score for the Hav6 Nav3 virus was 0.43. No virus produced plaques in cultivated chick embryo fibroblast cells in the absence of trypsin. PMID- 6213222 TI - Efficacy of lincomycin-spectinomycin water medication on Mycoplasma meleagridis airsacculitis in commercially reared turkey poults. AB - A field trial was conducted to compare the efficacy of a combination of the drugs lincomycin and spectinomycin (LS) with Tylan (tylosin, T) against Mycoplasma meleagridis (MM) airsacculitis in 50,320 commercially reared turkey poults in Ohio. Both drugs were administered at 2 g per gallon of drinking water for the first 5 days of life. The poults were allotted randomly to two treatment groups with 8 or 5 replicates each. Initially, 250 poults were weighed, necropsied, and examined microbiologically and grossly for airsacculitis. At 3 weeks of age, 33 poults from each replicate were randomly selected, necropsied, and examined for airsacculitis. The data indicate that LS is superior to T as an aid in the control of MM airsacculitis in poults, as reflected by fewer air-sac lesions and greater improvement in weight gain (P less than 0.05). PMID- 6213224 TI - Isolation and characterization of beta- and gamma-caseins from horse milk. AB - Three groups of casein components were isolated from horse milk. Group I is almost insoluble at acid and neutral pH, and is rather heterogeneous on alkaline gels with or without sodium dodecyl sulphate. Group II shows strong similarity to beta-casein from other species, as concluded from its amino acid composition and its N- and C-terminal sequences. This group consists of five electrophoretically distinguishable forms, all containing ester phosphate groups but no carbohydrate. Group III is composed of C-terminal fragments of the beta-like (group II) fraction and probably arises from the action of a plasmin-like enzyme present in horse milk. It does not contain phosphate or carbohydrate. Homology of this group with bovine gamma-caseins is demonstrated. Both beta- and gamma-like caseins are more soluble at 4 degrees C than at room temperature. PMID- 6213225 TI - Further studies on single fibres of bovine muscles. AB - Young & Davey (1981) (Biochem. J. 195, 317-327) identified numbers of polymorphs of myofibrillar proteins by sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of single muscle fibres isolated from three bovine muscles. Fibres were classed according to the distribution of polymorphs. The study has now been extended to eight diverse bovine muscles. The previous distinction made between fast and slow fibres is valid without exception in the extended study. Within these classes, variations in myofibrillar expression are examined within and between fibres, muscles and animals. Two slow muscles are contrasted; masseter is homogeneous in fibre type, whereas diaphragm is subtly heterogeneous, possibly arising from greater physiological demands. Of the myofibrillar polymorphs, attention is concentrated on two variants of fast-muscle myosin heavy chain. Both are present in all fast and mixed muscles examined, except sternomandibularis, and each is respectively associated with certain unidentified proteins. Within a muscle the fast-muscle myosin light-chain expression is the same irrespective of the heavy-chain variant. Histochemical techniques demonstrated that the variants are respectively associated with types IIA and IIB as defined by other investigators. PMID- 6213227 TI - Enhancement of DNA synthesis and cell proliferation by 1-methylnicotinamide in rat liver cells in culture: implication for its in vivo role. PMID- 6213228 TI - The reactive SH1 and SH2 cysteines in myosin subfragment 1 are cross-linked at similar rates with reagents of different length. PMID- 6213229 TI - Effects of fasting and insulin on hepatic phosphofructokinase (PFK). PMID- 6213226 TI - Impaired degradation of keratan sulphate by Morquio A fibroblasts. AB - Upon incubation of keratan [35S]sulphate with normal fibroblasts both [35S]sulphate and N-acetylglucosamine 6-[35S]sulphate are liberated. From the products obtained after digestion with various mutant fibroblasts and with purified N-acetylgalactosamine 6-sulphate sulphatase we suggest that (i) [35S]sulphate is released almost exclusively from galactose 6-sulphate residues; (ii) N-acetylgalactosamine 6-sulphate sulphatase exhibits galactose 6-sulphate sulphatase activity; (iii) both sulphatase activities are deficient in Morquio disease type A. PMID- 6213230 TI - The DCCD-binding polypeptide is close to the F1 ATPase-binding site on the cytoplasmic surface of the cell membrane of Escherichia coli. PMID- 6213231 TI - Specific activation by fructose 2,6-bisphosphate and inhibition by P-enolpyruvate of ascites tumor phosphofructokinase. PMID- 6213232 TI - The substituted pyridines metyrapone and nicotinamide are inducers of 5 aminolevulinate synthase and cytochrome P-450 in hepatocyte culture. AB - The effects of metyrapone and nicotinamide, two substituted pyridines, were studied in cultured chick embryo hepatocytes, a system characterized by preserved inducibility of cytochrome P-450 hemoproteins. Both metyrapone and nicotinamide caused a dose-dependent increase in cytochrome P-450 concentration. Their inducing potencies differed by one to two orders of magnitude and correlated with the known difference in the binding affinity of these two pyridines to cytochrome P-450. The increase of cytochrome P-450 concentration after metyrapone and nicotinamide was additive to the induction of cytochrome P-450 by phenobarbital and beta-naphthoflavone and was abolished by cycloheximide. Treatment of hepatocyte cultures with metyrapone resulted in an increase in a microsomal protein with an apparent mol. wt of 52,000. In addition, induction of cytochrome P-450 by the substituted pyridines was associated with enhanced 5-aminolevulinate synthase, the rate-limiting enzyme of heme biosynthesis. These data suggest that in cultured chick embryo hepatocytes the substituted pyridines metyrapone and nicotinamide induce cytochrome P-450. PMID- 6213233 TI - The effects of nitrogen mustard (HN2) on activities of the plasma membrane of PC6A mouse plasmacytoma cells. AB - Nitrogen mustard, HN2 (10(-5) M), inhibited the transport of the potassium congener 86rubidium into PC6A mouse plasmacytoma cells by 45% after a 4 hr incubation at 37 degree in vitro. HN2 (10(-3) M) had a rapid effect on the profile of 86rubidium transport into PC6A cells when added simultaneously with the 86rubidium whereas a monofunctional analogue of HN2((2 chloroethyl)dimethylamine) had no effect at 10(-3) M. The transport of the amino acid analogues alpha-aminoisobutyric acid and cycloleucine into PC6A cells was inhibited by 19% and 5% respectively after a 4 hr incubation with 10(-5) M HN2. The results suggest that the activity of plasma membrane Na+K+-ATPase may be affected by HN2. This enzyme may play a pivotal role in controlling cell growth and division. Crude cell membrane preparations from PC6A cells had variable Na+K+ ATPase activity which was possibly due to contamination with mitochondrial Mg2+ ATPase. Incubation of a crude cell membrane preparation in the presence of 40 nM dicyclohexylcarbodiimide gave constant Na+K+-ATPase activity which was inhibited by 44% on incubation with HN2 (10(-3) M) for 0.5 hr. The monofunctional analogue of HN2 inhibited this preparation by only 7% under the same conditions. It is suggested that inhibition of Na+K+-ATPase by HN2 may be an important facet of its cytotoxic activity. PMID- 6213234 TI - Murine lupus--an overview. PMID- 6213235 TI - Role of the thymus in murine lupus and cellular transfer of the disease. PMID- 6213236 TI - Pathophysiology of circulating immune complexes. PMID- 6213237 TI - Cellular mechanism of tissue injury and immune derangement in systemic lupus erythematosus. PMID- 6213238 TI - The autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction in systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - The autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction (AMLR) represents the proliferation of T cells in response to signals from autologous non-T cells. Fractionation of the non-T population into B enriched and macrophage enriched cells demonstrated that both could serve as effective stimulator cells in the AMLR. Cytolytic treatment of both populations with a macrophage specific, monoclonal antibody abrogated stimulation of the macrophage but not the B cell population. Utilizing a series of negative selection procedures - cytolysis with T cell specific monoclonal antibody, metabolic suicide with 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine (brdU) and light - it could be demonstrated that T cells responding to autologous macrophage were distinct from those responsive to autologous B cells. Studies of the AMLR reactivity to B cells and macrophage in a small number of patients with active systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) demonstrated that although reactivity to both populations was diminished, the response to autologous B cells was reduced more than the response to autologous macrophage. These studies suggest that the AMLR represents the sum reactivities of two responder T cells. Moreover, they suggest that a relatively selective deficiency in only one of these cells may occur in SLE. PMID- 6213239 TI - Immune responses to hapten-modified self and their regulation in normal individuals and patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - Purified T cells from normal subjects and patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) were studied for their abilities to respond to hapten modified self antigens and to antigens on autologous non T cells. Primary and secondary proliferative T cell responses to trinitrophenyl modified (TNP) non T cells were markedly impaired in patients with active SLE as compared with normal subjects or patients with inactive SLE. In contrast, patients with active SLE had significantly stronger cytotoxic activity against TNP modified autologous non T cells. Patients with active SLE had impaired proliferative responses to nonmodified autologous non T cells (auto-MLR). A significant negative correlation was observed between the degree of the auto-MLR and the degree of cytotoxic ability against TNP modified autologous cells in patients with SLE. This observation suggests that cells capable of proliferating in the auto-MLR might regulate the generation of cytotoxic T cell responses against modified self. We then analyzed the ability of anti T cell antibodies from patients with active SLE to preferentially interfere with this naturally occurring suppressor T cell function. PMID- 6213240 TI - Combination effect of piperacillin with cefoperazone on staphylococci and gram negative bacteria. PMID- 6213242 TI - [Investigations on the mutagenic and clastogenic activity of resorcin / Cytogenetic findings from different types of human cells (author's transl)]. AB - The suspected clastogenic effect of m-dihydroxybenzene (resorcin), a phenol derivate, was investigated by analyzing 3 different types of human cells. 1. Lymphocyte cultures from blood of healthy blood donors with normal karyotype (46,XY). 2. Lymphocyte cultures from patients with a proved chromosome abnormality (trisomy 21, karyotype: 47, +21). 3. Cultures of amniotic cells with normal karyotype (46, XX and 46, XY). In all three cell systems resorcin induces secondary chromosome aberrations. The amount of cells with aberrations increases with the concentration of the substance and duration of action. The three cell systems tested showed a different sensitivity to resorcin. Lymphocytes with trisomy 21 were more sensitive than the same cell type with a normal karyotype. Both types of lymphocytes were less sensitive to resorcin than amniotic cells. The types of structural chromosome aberrations observed in these investigations as well as the concentration of the test substance, which had to be added to induce a clastogenic effect, demonstrated that resorcin has to be regarded as a weak mutagenic substance. PMID- 6213241 TI - In vitro combination effects of cefsulodin, moxalactam and cefoperazone with four aminoglycosides on nonfermenting nosocomial gram-negative bacteria. AB - The activity of moxalactam, cefsulodin and cefoperazone on 67 non-fermenting gram negative bacterial strains isolated from patients with nosocomial infections was tested either alone or in combination with gentamicin, tobramycin, amikacin and netilmicin, respectively, by use of the checkerboard agar dilution technique. Cefsulodin was most active against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, cefoperazone was the most active cephalosporin tested against Pseudomonas fluorescens-putida and Acinetobacter antitratus. Cefoperazone-aminoglycoside interactions were found to be synergistic in only 2--5% of all strains, cefsulodin and moxalactam in combination with aminoglycosides were most potent against P. aeruginosa. Cefsulodin-gentamicin interactions were superior to other cephalosporin-amino glycoside combinations. PMID- 6213243 TI - [Training of intermediate-level statistics personnel for health organizations- evolution and perspectives of the course in health statistics and medical records in Chile]. PMID- 6213244 TI - [The risk approach to perinatal and maternal-infant care]. PMID- 6213245 TI - [Acute diarrheal diseases in Latin America, 1970-9. The situation in Cuba]. PMID- 6213247 TI - [Dentistry programs in Brazil. Problems and solutions]. PMID- 6213246 TI - [Public health administration in the health sector for the decade 1980-1990. IV. Problems and trends in the United States and Latin America]. PMID- 6213248 TI - [Conditions of technology official in Costa Rica]. PMID- 6213249 TI - [Supervision, identification and solutions of problems in Honduras]. PMID- 6213250 TI - Ipratropium bromide and fenoterol by aerosolized solution. AB - Ipratropium bromide (0.5 mg) and fenoterol (2 mg) produced equivalent peak bronchodilatation between 1 and 2 h after administration to eight patients with chronic partially reversible airways obstruction. The duration of action compared with saline was 6 h for ipratropium and 4 h for fenoterol. Both drugs in combination produced greater bronchodilatation than either drug alone. The increase in FVC was disproportionately greater than FEV1 with both drugs and saline, suggesting relief of obstruction of small airways. PMID- 6213251 TI - Alcohol-induced rosacea flushing blocked by naloxone. AB - We evaluated the roles of endogenous opioid peptides and histamine in the pathophysiology of alcohol-induced facial flushing in rosacea. Non-diabetic patients with rosacea ingested 360 ml of 6% ethanol after receiving either subcutaneous naloxone hydrochloride or oral chloropheniramine maleate. Only pretreatment with naloxone blocked the alcohol-induced rosacea flushing (AIRF), suggesting an active role of endogenous enkephalin and/or endorphin in this vascular reactivity. In this respect, AIRF is similar to chlorpropamide alcohol flushing and menopausal flushing. PMID- 6213252 TI - The effect of the antiandrogen II alpha-hydroxyprogesterone on sebum production and cholesterol concentration of sebum. AB - II alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone, a synthetic antiandrogen of low toxicity, was applied topically. In short-term experiments the sebum production of the forehead in normal male subjects was reduced significantly. The cholesterol concentration of sebum decreased to a greater extent. In long-term studies in patients with seborrhoea and male-pattern alopecia, the steroid caused a marked and constant reduction of greasiness of the hair. In this group also, the cholesterol concentration of the sebum obtained from scalp hair decreased more markedly than total sebum production. Possible effects of II alpha-hydroxyprogesterone on androgenic alopecia are discussed. PMID- 6213253 TI - Hyperkeratotic dermatitis of the palms. AB - Thirty two adult patients who presented with a sharply marginated, hyperkeratotic dermatitis of the palms (HDP), but with no skin lesions elsewhere, have been re examined approximately 10 years later. Topical treatments had had limited effect. The morphological appearance and localization had remained unchanged, except in two individuals who were free from symptoms. One had developed psoriasis. The incidence of atopic disease and psoriasis in first degree relatives did not differ from that in control subjects. Mycological cultures and patch tests were negative. Serum IgE was normal. Skin biopsies in nine patients all revealed a chronic spongiotic dermatitis. PMID- 6213254 TI - Involvement of immune mechanisms in the pathogenesis of rosacea. AB - Twenty-five patients with rosacea were compared with twenty-five control subjects for previous medical history and tests of immune function. Rosacea patients were found to have a higher incidence of disorders of the auto-immune type and were significantly more difficult to sensitize to DNCB than the controls. In addition, twelve of the rosacea patients and eleven other rosacea patients had biopsies which were examined by the direct immunofluorescence technique. In only five was the test negative. In the remainder deposits of IgM and/or IgG and/or complement were found at the dermo-epidermal junction and/or in the dermal collagen. Serum from the rosacea patients was also examined by the indirect technique and in six cases a circulating antinuclear antibody of IgM type was found. It is suggested that altered immune function plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of the disease. PMID- 6213255 TI - Oral trimethoprim versus oxytetracycline in the treatment of inflammatory acne vulgaris. PMID- 6213256 TI - Should topical antibiotics be used for the treatment of acne vulgaris? PMID- 6213258 TI - Old burns and pregnancy. AB - Burns rarely cause problems in subsequently occurring pregnancies. Occasionally abdominal wall scarring is so dense and extensive that consequent maternal pain in the second half of pregnancy demands surgical decompression. This does not usually precipitate labour and the resultant raw areas should be covered with split skin autografts. It is exceptional for burns to destroy the entire breast disc; residual breast mound development occurs during puberty, and hypertrophy and engorgement during and after pregnancy. Although absence of the nipple-areola complex precludes breast feeding, distortion of it does not prevent feeding in all cases. Split skin autografting with customized pressure therapy is the best remedy for correction of contracture deformity. PMID- 6213257 TI - Hypercalcaemia and myeloma. PMID- 6213259 TI - Probable mechanisms of regulation of the utilization of dietary tryptophan, nicotinamide and nicotinic acid as precursors of nicotinamide nucleotides in the rat. PMID- 6213260 TI - The effect of early postnatal undernutrition on the growth and development of the rat brain. AB - 1. Rat pups were undernourished during the period of the brain growth-spurt by feeding their mothers a low-protein diet from the third day post partum. 2. The pups were killed on days 5, 6, 9, 12, 16, 20 and 24 post partum, and their brains were analysed for protein, DNA, glycosides and glycoproteins. The activities of four enzymes involved in neurotransmission, and in the synthesis of glycolipids and myelin were also measured. Results of the analyses were compared with those obtained for pups that were suckled by well-nourished dams. 3. The brains of the undernourished pups contained substantially less protein and DNA; gangliosides and glycoproteins were also reduced. 4. All four enzymes showed lower peak activities in the nutritionally deprived animals, and the attainment of peak activity was retarded by several days. 5. These results suggest that undernutrition imposed during the brain growth-spurt leads to a deficit in the glial cell population and thus in the capacity to form myelin, and reduced development of cellular processes. PMID- 6213261 TI - In vivo phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance saturation transfer studies of adenosinetriphosphatase kinetics in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - Phosphorus-31 saturation transfer NMR techniques have been employed to measure the unidirectional Pi consumption rate by respiration competent suspensions of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae while the levels of ATP, ADP, and Pi are constant. These experiments are performed by saturating the ATP gamma phosphate resonance and observing the changes in the Pi resonance intensity while the yeast are respiring on endogenous substrates. The unidirectional Pi consumption rate is 3.5 +/- mumol s-1 (g of wet cells)-1. The rate is reduced 10-fold upon addition of oligomycin (80 micrograms/ML), suggesting that at least 90% of the Pi consumption activity is due to the mitochondrial F1-F0 ATPase. We have not been able to conclusively assign the remaining 10%. When the yeast are glycolyzing anaerobically, the unidirectional Pi consumption rate was 1.0 +/- 0.2 mumol s-1 (g of wet cells)-1. At most, 80% of this is due to Pi consumption by the glycolytic enzyme glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase leaving a residual activity of at least 0.2 mumol s-1 (g of wet cells)-1. Thus the activity in the oligomycin-inhibited cells under respiratory conditions and the nonglycolytic activity in anaerobic cells are equal to within the experimental errors. Furthermore the unidirectional rate of Pi consumption during anaerobic glycolysis is insensitive to oligomycin. These data suggest that the mitochondrial adenosinetriphosphatase is not turning over during anaerobic glycolysis. Possible explanations for this inhibition are discussed. PMID- 6213262 TI - Energetics of the equilibrium between two nucleotide-free myosin subfragment 1 states using fluorine-19 nuclear magnetic resonance. AB - A new fluorine-containing reagent has been synthesized and used to specifically label the reactive sulfhydryl [sulfhydryl-1 (SH1)] of myosin subfragment 1 (S-1). The labeled S-1 (S-1-CF3) demonstrates activated calcium and magnesium adenosinetriphosphatase (ATPase) activities relative to S-1 and a lower potassium ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA) ATPase activity. Maximal effect is obtained with the modification of one thiol per S-1. The 19F NMR spectrum of S-1 CF3 contains only one resonance with a line width of 110 Hz, which implies a rotational correlation time of 2.3 X 10(-7) s. The chemical shift of this resonance is sensitive to temperature, PH, ionic strength, and nucleotides bound in the active site. The temperature dependence of the chemical shift clearly indicates two limiting states for the S-1-CF3 with a highly temperature-dependent equilibrium between 5 and 40 degrees C. The low-temperature state appears to be identical with the state resulting from the binding of Mg.ADP or Mg.AMPPNP at 25 degree C. The energetics of the conformational change have been studied under various conditions. At pH 7 in 25 mM cacodylate, 0.1 M KCl, and 1 mM EDTA, delta H degree = 30 kcal/mol and delta S degree = 105 cal deg-1 mol-1. A decrease in pH to 6.5 results in an increased population of the low-temperature state with delta H degree = 31 kcal/mol and delta S degree = 107 cal deg-1 mol-1. Similarly, the low-temperature state is favored by low ionic strength. In 5.8 mM piperazine N,N'bis(2-ethanesulfonic acid) and 1 mM EDTA (pH 7), delta H degree = 8 kcal/mol and delta S degree = 27 cal deg-1 mol-1. We have also obtained 19F NMR spectra of S-1-CF3 in D2O solution with 30% ethylene glycol at pH 7.1. Increasing concentrations of ethylene glycol progressively stabilize the high-temperature states. PMID- 6213263 TI - Proton gradient linkage to active uptake of [3H]acetylcholine by Torpedo electric organ synaptic vesicles. AB - It has been confirmed that cholinergic synaptic vesicles isolated from the electric organ of Torpedo californica exhibit adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) dependent active uptake of [3H]acetylcholine. Active uptake can be completely inhibited by low concentrations of the mitochondrial uncouplers carbonyl cyanide p-(trifluoromethoxy)phenylhydrazone, nigericin, gramicidin, valinomycin, and A 23187. Under similar conditions uncouplers stimulate the vesicle adenosinetriphosphatase (ATPase) by from 40 to 80%. ATP-supported uptake of [3H]acetylcholine increases greatly as the external pH is increased from 6.6 to 7.6 and remains approximately constant from pH 7.8 to pH 8.6. The uptake also becomes more selective for [3H]acetylcholine compared to [14C]choline as the pH is increased from 6.6 to 7.6, achieving 12-fold selectively, in a manner similar to the increase in the amount of [3H]acetylcholine taken up. Bicarbonate stimulates both the amount and selectivity of [3H]acetylcholine uptake over the lower pH range, but it has no effect over the higher pH range. Exogenous ammonium ion completely inhibits active [3H]acetylcholine uptake, with lower concentrations of ammonium ion required at higher pH values in a manner consistent with ammonia being the active species. Adenosine 5'-diphosphate and a nonhydrolyzable ATP analogue do not support active [3H]acetylcholine uptake. It is concluded that an ATPase pumps protons into the cholinergic synaptic vesicle to produce an internally acidic and positively charged proton gradient that is linked to [3H]acetylcholine uptake. PMID- 6213264 TI - Reactivity of sarcoplasmic reticulum adenosinetriphosphatase with iodoacetamide spin-label: evidence for two conformational states of the substrate binding sites. AB - The labeling kinetics of sarcoplasmic reticulum ATPase with the iodoacetamide spin probe N-(1-oxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinyl)iodoacetamide were followed under conditions designed to selectively label all reactive groups. Approximately 1 mol of spin-label reacted per one 100 000-dalton ATPase chain, indicating only one residue on the enzyme had been labeled. One uniform rate of labeling was observed in the presence of Ca2+. When substrate was then added, approximately one-half of the residues showed a 10-fold increase in labeling rate while the remaining residues reacted at the initial, slower rate. Sequential labeling experiments further established that the two labeling rates correspond to the coexistence of two conformational state of the enzyme. Both Ca2+ and substrate are required to obtain an equal distribution between states, and the effect is completely reversed when substrate is removed. The iodoacetamide spin probe is known to be highly sensitive to the conformation of the ATPase binding pocket, and the residue labeled here is the one which generates broadening in the electron paramagnetic resonance spectrum on substrate binding. Due to the unique selectively of the labeling reaction, it is suggested that when both substrate and Ca2+ are bound to the enzyme, conditions which are precursory to enzyme phosphorylation, two specific conformations of the binding pocket exist in approximately at 50:50 ratio. PMID- 6213265 TI - Further studies on F1-ATPase inhibition by local anesthetics. AB - We have measured the inhibitory potencies of several local anesthetics (procaine, lidocaine, tetracaine and dibucaine) and related compounds (chlorpromazine, procainamide and propranolol) on the ATPase activities of bovine heart submitochondrial particles and purified F1 extracted from these particles. All of these agents cause inhibition of ATPase in F1 as well as in submitochondrial particles. A linear relationship is found between the log of the octanol/water partition coefficients and the log of the concentrations required for 50% inhibition of F1. Sedimentation velocity ultracentrifugation and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed that 1.0 mM tetracaine caused partial dissociation of the F1 complex. Complete reversibility of the enzyme inhibitory effects was demonstrated, however. This work shows that local anesthetics can affect protein structure and enzyme activity without the mediation of lipid. PMID- 6213266 TI - Dissociation of the glycoprotein IIb-IIIa complex in isolated human platelet membranes. Dependence of pH divalent cations. AB - The platelet membrane glycoproteins IIb and IIIa normally exist as a complex which forms a predominant immunoprecipitate after crossed immunoelectrophoresis of Triton-X-100-solubilized platelets. Dissociation of the complex occurs by solubilization in the presence of EDTA or EGTA at pH 8.7 and is readily verified by crossed immunoelectrophoresis. Incubations of isolated membranes with EDTA or EGTA at various pH levels were performed. Removal of the chelators and solubilization showed no dissociation of the glycoprotein IIb-IIIa complex in membranes incubated at pH below 8.0. At pH above 8.0 a dissociation which increased with increasing pH was seen. Under these conditions, dissociation appears to take place already in the intact membranes. The tendency of the glycoprotein IIb-IIIa complex to become dissociated with EDTA or EGTA at increasing pH seems to be due to increased chelating capacity of the chelators concomitant with a decreased chelating capacity of glycoprotein IIb and IIIa. The divalent cations Ca2+ and Mg2+, but not Cu2+, Zn2+, Mn2+ or Sr2+, in molar concentrations below that of EGTA were able to prevent the dissociation of the glycoprotein IIb-IIIa complex by the chelator at pH 9.0, indicating that Ca2+ as well as Mg2+ can be used to keep the complex together. In some experiments it was possible to reverse the dissociation in the membranes after removal of EDTA. At pH 7.5 reassociation occurred within 15 min whether divalent cations were added or not. At pH 9.0. reassociation occurred within 2 h provided Ca2+ was present. The tendency of glycoprotein IIb and IIIa to form a complex thus appeared to be most pronounced over the physiological pH range and to be a rapid process in platelet membranes under such conditions. PMID- 6213267 TI - Fractionation of mechanically sheared chromatin on ECTHAM-cellulose. AB - Chromatography of chromatin on the weak ion-exchange resin ECTHAM-cellulose was re-examined using the combined salt-pH elution conditions of Stratling, W.H., Van, N.T. and O'Malley, B.W. (1976) Eur. J. Biochem. 66, 423-433. When mechanically sheared rat liver chromatin was chromatographed on ECTHAM-cellulose the histone composition of eluted fractions was very similar, whereas early eluting fractions were enriched in non-histone proteins, including certain high mobility group proteins, and in hnRNP particles, containing newly synthesised RNA. Later eluting fractions were depleted in all of these components. The majority of hnRNP particles in early eluting chromatin were shown to be physically associated with chromatin by centrifugation in metrizamide. Hen erythrocyte chromatin contained no early eluting material. Size of DNA fragments was not a significant factor in determining the elution position of chromatin fragments. Early eluting material was not generated by endogenous nuclease and protease action. The conditions of chromatin preparation, and of elution of early chromatin fractions caused no gross disruption of chromatin structure, or dissociation of chromatin proteins, although some nucleosome sliding may have occurred. The conditions required for elution of some of the later fractions are sufficient to cause dissociation of protein, and alteration of chromatin conformation. PMID- 6213268 TI - Regulation of ribosomal RNA cistron number in a strain of Neurospora crassa with a duplication of the nucleolus organizer region. AB - Some progeny from a cross of the translocation mutant T(VL leads to IVL)AR33 with wild-type Neurospora crassa are double nucleolus organizer (DNO) strains, usually displaying two distinct nucleolus organizer regions. The DNO strain is sterile but displays the same growth response as normal laboratory strains of Neurospora. We used DNA-DNA hybridization techniques to quantify the number of rRNA cistrons in the DNO mutant and its vegetative progeny. Comparisons of the rate of hybridization of genomic DNA from the parental AR33 strain and from the DNO strain showed that hybridization was more rapid for the DNO strain than for the parental strain. Successive vegetative progeny of the DNO strain displayed hybridization rates intermediate to those of the original DNO strain and the parental single nucleolus strain, indicating that the number of rRNA cistrons had decreased during vegetative propagation. Estimates of rRNA cistron number obtained from comparisons of the amount of single copy DNA and rDNA hybridized to genomic DNO and AR33 DNA at saturation indicate that the parental AR33 strain contains 225 copies of the rRNA repeat unit while the DNO strain has approx. 440 copies. The number of rRNA cistrons decreases gradually in the successive vegetative progeny, approximating the parental haploid value by the eleventh vegetative transfer. PMID- 6213269 TI - Removal of degradation products from calf thymus high mobility group non-histone chromatin proteins by chromatography on immobilized double-stranded DNA. AB - The substantial protease activity in calf thymus chromatin inevitably produces some degradation of high mobility group (HMG) non-histone proteins in NaCl extracts of calf thymus chromatin. We have found that proteins considered to be degradation products can be conveniently and cleanly separated from intact high mobility group proteins 1 and 2 by chromatography on double-stranded DNA cellulose in 0.2 M NaCl/1 mM Tris-HCl (pH 7.5). Under those conditions, only the presumptive degradation products are retained by the column. PMID- 6213270 TI - Selenocysteine-containing proteins from rat and monkey plasma. AB - This investigation was carried out to determine whether a selenium-containing plasma protein in rat and monkey (Macaca mulata) plasma might be involved in selenium transport. Injection of [75Se]selenite or [75Se]selenomethionine was used to label a plasma protein. The native molecular weight of the protein from rat and monkey plasma was determined by gel filtration to be about 80 000. The molecular weight of a selenium-containing polypeptide prepared from the protein was about 45 000, as determined by gel filtration in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate. Selenium was attached to both the rat and monkey plasma protein in the form of the amino acid selenocysteine. The proportion of plasma selenium normally bound to the rat protein in vivo was less than 5%, and the half-life of selenium bound to the protein was a few hours. These findings are consistent with a selenium-transport function for this protein. PMID- 6213271 TI - Studies on the partial reaction of thymine 7-hydroxylase in the presence of 5 fluorouracil. AB - The uncoupling of 2-oxoglutarate decarboxylation from hydroxylation in the reaction catalyzed by thymine 7-hydroxylase (thymine, 2-oxoglutarate:oxygen oxidoreductase (7-hydroxylating), EC 1.14.11.6) in the presence of 5-fluorouracil has been studied. In the complete reaction no external reductant is formally needed. The uncoupled reaction is almost negligible in the absence of ascorbate and the optimal ascorbate concentration is 5-times higher than in the presence of a hydroxylatable substrate. This indicates that ascorbate acts as the external reductant that is formally needed in the catalytic cycle. The complete reaction follows the steady-state kinetics of an ordered ter reactant mechanism where 2 oxoglutarate and thymine have to be bound to the enzyme before oxygen (E. Holme (1975) Biochemistry 14, 4999-5003). The uncoupled reaction follows the same kinetic pattern as the complete reaction, and in accordance with this no decarboxylation of 2-oxoglutarate occurs in the absence of a substrate analogue even at elevated oxygen tension. There is a good agreement between Kia values for 2-oxoglutarate of the two reactions, but there is at least a 6-fold increase in KO2 where a minimum value of 25% O2 in the gas phase was found for the partial reaction. The high KO2 found means that the reaction rate could increase considerably at elevated oxygen tension. PMID- 6213272 TI - Ecto-protein kinase activity in rabbit peritoneal polymorphonuclear leucocytes. AB - An ectoprotein kinase activity has been identified on intact rabbit peritoneal polymorphonuclear leucocytes and the time course of phosphate incorporation into proteins has been followed at different ATP levels. Saturation is reached at around 3 mM ATP and the activity is inhibited by p-chloromercuribenzoate. The possibility that the observed protein phosphorylation arises through the action of a membrane ATPase liberating phosphate for transfer into the cell, incorporation into ATP and its utilisation by endogenous kinases, has been excluded by studying both enzymes concomitantly and measuring the rate of [32P]orthophosphate uptake. Lactate dehydrogenase measurements in the extracellular media also exclude the possibility of kinase liberation from lysed cells. Moreover, the pattern of 32P-labelling of polypeptides when intact cells are exposed to [32P]ATP is quite different from that when homogenates are incubated with [32P]ATP or intact cells with [32P]-orthophosphate. We have been unable to demonstrate any cAMP dependency for this ectokinase activity. PMID- 6213273 TI - Role of two siderophores in Ustilago sphaerogena. Regulation of biosynthesis and uptake mechanisms. AB - Under iron-deficient conditions the smut fungus Ustilago sphaerogena produces two kinds of siderophores, ferrichrome and ferrichrome A. Regulation of ligand biosyntheses and uptake mechanisms of the iron chelates were studied to determine the role of each chelate in U. sphaerogena. The biosynthesis of each ligand was differentially regulated. Ferrichrome A, the more effective chelate, was preferentially synthesized under more extreme conditions of iron stress, but completely repressed when the cell was supplied with sufficient iron. In contrast, biosynthesis of ferrichrome was strongly but not completely repressed by iron. The mechanism of repression was examined using a newly developed in vivo synthesis assay. Chromium and gallium-containing siderophore analogs had no effect on siderophore ligand biosynthesis. Iron, added as siderophores, resulted in increased oxygen uptake and amino acid transport, which was soon followed by decreased ligand biosynthesis, suggesting that regulation may be indirect and related to oxidative metabolism. Uptake experiments were used to rule out a ligand-exchange mechanism for ferrichrome A-iron transport. The data suggest that ferrichrome A-iron is taken up at a specific site that results in a rapid distribution of iron inside the cell. PMID- 6213274 TI - Carbohydrate metabolism in cultured animal cells. PMID- 6213275 TI - Impairment of platelet aggregation in hemolytic uremic syndrome: evidence for platelet "exhaustion". AB - Thrombocytopenia, microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, and acute renal failure are the hallmarks of hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS). This report presents the results on platelet studies from 10 consecutive HUS patients in childhood. During their acute illness, they all displayed a characteristic pattern of impaired platelet function: no aggregating responses to epinephrine, some to ADP, and moderate to collagen. In addition, platelet contents of beta-thromboglobulin (beta TG) were markedly reduced. As these patients improved clinically, their platelet-aggregating responses also normalized despite their uremic state. Incubation of platelets with uremic plasma or guanidino-succinic acid, a uremic toxin, had minor effects on platelet-aggregating activity. Since low levels of platelet beta TG suggest that these platelets were in an exhausted state, in vitro experiments were performed to exhaust normal platelets by incubation at 37 degrees C. A proportional impairment of platelet-aggregating responses and decreasing levels of platelet beta TG were noted. Furthermore, the pattern of impairment was similar to that found in the platelet-aggregating activities of HUS patients. Thus, "exhaustion," in addition to azotemia and thrombocytopenia, are factors that contribute to the functional impairment of platelets in these patients. Further studies to reveal mechanisms that lead to platelet exhaustion in HUS are of fundamental importance in the understanding of this illness. PMID- 6213276 TI - Analysis of late infections after human bone marrow transplantation: role of genotypic nonidentity between marrow donor and recipient and of nonspecific suppressor cells in patients with chronic graft-versus-host disease. AB - Infections occurring 6 mo or later after bone marrow transplantation for severe aplastic anemia or hematologic malignancy were analyzed in 98 long-term survivors. Varicella-zoster (VZ) infections were analyzed separately from all other infections. The factor predisposing most strongly to late VZ infection was genotypic nonidentity for HLA between marrow donor and recipient. There was a suggestion that chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) associated with the presence of nonspecific suppressor cells also predisposed to late VZ infection, while age less than 10 yr was protective against such infections. Chronic GVHD predisposed to late non-VZ infections, but this was not increased by the presence of nonspecific suppressor cells. HLA nonidentify between patient and marrow donor further increased the risk of late non-VZ infections over and above that due to the presence of chronic GVHD. Receipt of a syngeneic transplant appeared protective for late non-VZ infections. These findings suggest that full genotypic identity for HLA between donor and recipient may be required for optimal immune reconstitution after marrow transplantation and may denote a possible biologic role for nonspecific suppressor T cells in humans. PMID- 6213277 TI - Effects of tertiary amine local anesthetics on von Willebrand factor-dependent platelet function: alteration of membrane reactivity and degradation of GPIb by a calcium-dependent protease(s). PMID- 6213278 TI - Cells with Fc gamma receptors from normal donors suppress granulocytic macrophage colony formation. AB - We investigated the role of normal human marrow cells with Fc receptors for IgG (Fc gamma+) on autologous granulocyte-macrophage colony (GM-CFC) formation. It was found that Fc gamma+ normal human marrow cells, both with (E+) or without receptors for sheep erythrocytes suppressed GM-CFC at as low a concentration as 0.25 X 10(5) cells/ml of culture. A similar effect was observed with E- Fc gamma+ but not E+ Fc gamma+ peripheral blood cells. Suppression by Fc gamma+ cells did not require mitogen activation and was not inactivated by irradiation (2000 R). This report presents a new in vitro regulatory mechanism for GM-CFC growth in normal donors. PMID- 6213279 TI - Constitutive expression of platelet glycoproteins by the human leukemia cell line K562. AB - The human leukemia cell line K562 was derived from a patient with chronic granulocytic leukemia. This cell line has subsequently been shown to possess phenotypic markers typical of erythroid and myeloid cells. Using a rabbit antiserum directed against purified platelet glycoproteins (PGPs), we have obtained evidence for the constitutive expression of PGPs on the surface of K562 cells. PGPs expressed have been tentatively identified as IIa and III based on their apparent migration in a 7% sodium dodecylsulfate polyacrylamide gel. K562 may become an important tool for the study of early events involved in megakaryocytic differentiation. PMID- 6213280 TI - Suppressor T-cell clones derived from pluripotent stem cells (CFU-GEMM) of a patient with Hodgkin's lymphoma. AB - Pluripotent stem cells (CFU-GEMM) give rise to multilineage hemopoietic colonies in culture. The cellular composition revealed that mixed colonies contain cells of different myeloid lineages and mononuclear cells with T-cell surface antigens. T-lymphocytes of primary colonies, replated secondary and tertiary colonies from a patient with Hodgkin's Lymphoma were identified by their reaction with the monoclonal antibody OKT 8. Evidence for a common progenitor of myeloid and lymphoid cells is provided by analysis of individual secondary and tertiary colonies using OKT 3, OKT 4, OKT 8, VIM-D 5, and Ig M + D antibodies for each individual colony. Primary mixed, replated secondary and tertiary colonies revealed OKT 8 positive cells. No reaction with OKT 3, OKT 4, VIM-D 5, or Ig M + D was observed. PMID- 6213281 TI - Radiographic heart size and cardiothoracic ratio in three ethnic groups: a basis for a simple screening test for cardiac enlargement in men. AB - A prospective survey of applicants for employment was undertaken to investigate the relationship between heart diameter and cardiothoracic ratio (measured in 100 mm chest radiographs) age and ethnic group, 1432 male applicants, aged 17-64 years, were studied, of whom 861 caucasians, 295 Asians and 172 African/West Indians were included in the detailed statistical analysis. A significant relationship was found between the cardiac measurements and age, which differed within ethnic groups. The median values of cardiothoracic ratio were: 43% in caucasians, 44% in Asians, and 46% in Africans. The upper extreme observations in each regression (2.5% of the population) are delimited by confidence limits plotted on the regressions against age for both cardiac diameter and cardiothoracic ratio. It is concluded that a single upper limit (e.g. 50%) for cardiothoracic ratio is unsatisfactory. If all subjects with values of cardiothoracic ratio greater than 50% in the present sample had been recalled for more detailed cardiological investigation, this would have affected 2.2% of caucasians, 4.1% of Asians, and 9.3% of Africans. Limits of 50% in caucasians, 52% in Asians and 53% in Africans would exclude 2.2, 2.4 and 2.6% of subjects in each of these racial groups in our sample. Age accounted for relatively little of the variation observed. PMID- 6213282 TI - Splenic accumulation of technetium 99m-methylene diphosphonate. PMID- 6213283 TI - Femoropopliteal bypass grafts--an isotope technique allowing in vivo comparison of thrombogenicity. AB - Prosthetic femoropopliteal grafts attract platelet thrombus and often occlude in the months following implantation. Hence a technique to measure the in vivo thrombogenicity of different vascular substitutes in patients has been developed. In 28 patients the rate of accumulation of 111-indium-labelled platelets in saphenous vein, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and double velour Dacron femoropopliteal grafts was studied. One week postoperatively autologous 111In labelled platelets were injected and the isotope emissions over the graft and contralateral leg counted. Graft thrombogenicity was calculated as the daily rise over 7 days in the ratio of counts over the graft to those over the contralateral leg. Mean thrombogenicity index (+/- s.e.mean) was greatest in the Dacron grafts at 0.24 +/- 0.03 which compared with 0.13 +/- 0.02 in PTFE (P less than 0.05). Saphenous vein was markedly less thrombogenic than either prosthetic graft with a mean index of only 0.025 +/- 0.01 (P less than 0.01). Platelet survival failed to differentiate the three graft materials, demonstrating that the direct measurement of 111In platelet deposition was a more sensitive technique. PMID- 6213284 TI - Idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis with occlusion of the abdominal aorta treated by transluminal angioplasty. PMID- 6213285 TI - Changing pattern of Russian hospitals. PMID- 6213286 TI - Long-stay care for elderly people: its continuing evolution. PMID- 6213288 TI - [Testosterone secretion by rat gonads of male and female foetuses in the presence of dehydroepiandrosterone in vitro (author's transl)]. PMID- 6213287 TI - Treatment of uncomplicated gonorrhoea in women. Comparison of rosoxacin and spectinomycin. AB - A comparative study of the new antibacterial agent, rosoxacin, a quinoline derivative, with spectinomycin was made in women with uncomplicated cervical, urethral, pharyngeal, and rectal gonorrhoea. Rosoxacin was given in three oral regimens: 200 mg in a single dose, 300 mg in a single dose, and 300 mg in two doses of 150 mg four hours apart. All culture results 72 hours after administration were negative for Neisseria gonorrhoeae in all 81 women compared with 107 of 109 who received 2 g spectinomycin intramuscularly. Thirty-five of the women successfully treated with rosoxacin harboured penicillinase-producing strains of N gonorrhoeae (PPNG) and 46 non-penicillinase-producing (non-PPNG) strains. Fifty of the women treated with spectinomycin had PPNG strains and 59 non-PPNG strains. Mild self-limiting side effects, principally dizziness, occurred in varying frequency with rosoxacin, but these were difficult to evaluate owing to the characteristics of the patient population and the conditions under which the study was conducted. PMID- 6213289 TI - The influence of chronic preoperative propranolol therapy on cardiovascular dynamics and narcotic requirements during operation in patients with coronary artery disease. AB - We measured the dose of sufentanil required for unconsciousness as well as the entire operation in 44 patients (22 taking propranolol and 22 not taking propranolol) undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) operations. The incidence of hypertension during operation, requirements for supplements to treat hypertension and recovery times were also determined. The data indicate that patients undergoing CABG operations taking propranolol require significantly less sufentanil for unconsciousness and the entire operation than patients not taking this drug. In spite of requiring less sufentanil, patients taking propranolol had less hypertension during operation and thus required less supplements. However recovery times in both groups were the same. The results of this study may partially explain the varying incidence of hypertension reported during high dose fentanyl and other narcotic-oxygen anaesthetic techniques. PMID- 6213290 TI - Normalization of dental care for handicapped patients in a medium-sized Canadian city: a team approach. PMID- 6213291 TI - Influence of nicotinamide on neurobehavioral effects of 3-acetylpyridine. AB - The purpose of the present study was to examine the ability of nicotinamide to prevent the appearance of neurobehavioral symptoms induced by 3-acetyl pyridine (3-AP) in rats. Nicotinamide in doses of 5,50 and 500 mg/kg was injected immediately after administration of 65 mg/kg 3-AP, and neurobehavioral measurements were made at 6, 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours after injections. The effects of 500 mg/kg nicotinamide injected at 3 and 6 hours after 3-AP treatment were also investigated. The results indicate that, starting at 50 mg/kg, nicotinamide can protect animals against most of the neurobehavioral effects of 3 AP. However, the muscular rigidity induced by 3-AP can only be reversed by 500 mg/kg nicotinamide, and the depressing influence of 3-AP on locomotor activity is not blocked by any of the doses of nicotinamide tested. In terms of time course, the protective action of 500 mg/kg is seen when injected 3, but not 6 hours after 3-AP. PMID- 6213292 TI - Immunobiology of primary intracranial tumors. VI. Suppressor cell function and lectin-binding lymphocyte subpopulations in patients with cerebral tumors. AB - Peripheral blood lymphocytes obtained from patients with primary intracranial tumors were assessed for the presence of Concanavalin-A-activated, glass adherent, and spontaneous, nonspecific suppressor cells. Additionally, the effect of indomethacin on phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-induced blastogenesis was determined. No significant differences in cellular suppressor mechanisms in these patients and normal controls were observed. However, shifts in lymphocyte populations were demonstrable when cells were separated according to quantification of PHA-L surface binding sites by flow microfluorometry. Therefore, although impaired cellular responsiveness in patients with cerebral neoplasms does not appear to be due to alterations in suppressor-cell function, changes in lymphocyte subpopulations occur that may be induced as an immunobiological consequence of primary central nervous system neoplasia and contribute to suppressed host immunocompetence. PMID- 6213293 TI - Role of depurination in mutagenesis by chemical carcinogens. AB - The effect of modifying phi chi 174 viral DNA by the chemical carcinogens beta propiolactone, N-acetoxyacetylaminofluorene and anti-benzo[a]pyrene diol-epoxide was investigated by transfecting the modified DNA into Escherichia coli spheroplasts. Modification of the DNA in vitro by each of these agents was mutagenic for the phi chi 174 amber mutants am3 and am86. Mutagenicity depended on the induction of the "SOS" response in the host spheroplasts. Heating beta propiolactone-treated DNA at neutral pH caused strong inactivation such that the number of lethal hits was increased 4-fold. Sucrose gradient analysis showed the induction of alkali-labile sites in the heated DNA. The "nicked circle assay" with double-stranded phi chi 174 DNA showed greater than 70% of these sites to be apurinic sites. Concomitantly with the production of these new sites, a strong increase in the mutation frequency was observed. This mutagenesis also depended upon the induction of the error-prone SOS response in the spheroplasts, as was previously shown to be the case for mutagenesis at putative apurinic sites induced directly by acid-heat treatment. These results suggest that depurination may be of importance to the mechanism of mutagenesis by beta-propiolactone and other carcinogens. PMID- 6213294 TI - Modulation of 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine metabolism and cytotoxicity in L1210 cells by fluoropyrimidine pretreatment. AB - The effect of pretreatment with the fluoropyrimidines 5-fluorouracil (FUra), 5 fluorouridine (FUrd), 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine (FdUrd), and 5'-deoxy-5 fluorouridine (5'-dFUrd) on the intracellular metabolism and in vitro cytotoxicity of 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine (ara-C) was explored in L1210 cells. A 4-hr exposure to 100 microM FUra, FUrd, or FdUrd produced greater than 3 fold increments in the intracellular accumulation of [3H]deoxycytidine, and 2 fold increments in the intracellular accumulation of [3H]ara-C were produced over a 1-hr exposure. Intracellular 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine 5'-triphosphate levels in cells exposed to these 3 agents were also increased over 2-fold. L1210 cells exposed sequentially to 1 microM FUra, FUrd, or FdUrd followed by 5 microM ara-C for 1 hr resulted in synergistic cell killing measured by soft-agar cloning. Although intracellular 2'-deoxycytidine 5'-triphosphate levels were reduced in cells treated for 4 hr with FUra and FUrd, this was not associated directly with the maximum accumulation of ara-C. FdUrd treatment was as effective as FUra and FUrd at enhancing ara-C accumulation and 1-beta-D arabinofuranosylcytosine 5'-triphosphate formation and producing synergistic cytotoxicity; however, the 2'-deoxycytidine 5'-triphosphate pools were minimally affected. 5'-Deoxy-5-fluorouridine did not increase intracellular ara-C accumulation, reduce intracellular 2'-deoxycytidine 5'-triphosphate levels, or enhance ara-C cytotoxicity. This sequential drug interaction is similar to that which we have observed when methotrexate precedes ara-C and provides a rational basis from which further in vivo studies can be designed. PMID- 6213295 TI - Inhibition of concanavalin A response during osteopetrosis virus infection. AB - Infection of animals with oncogenic viruses frequently leads to an immunosuppressed state. We have examined immunosuppression induced by an avian osteopetrosis virus, myeloblastosis-associated virus of subgroup B inducing osteopetrosis [MAV-2(O)], and our results suggest that this virus induces immunosuppression by a novel mechanism. Lymphoid cells from osteopetrotic chickens did not respond to a wide dose range of concanavalin A (Con A) over a wide cell density range. Failure to undergo blastogenesis was not due to a lack of Con A-binding sites, since 125I-labeled Con A bound to lymphocytes from infected and uninfected chickens. Infected lymphocytes failed to respond to sodium metaperiodate stimulation, indicating that failure of blastogenesis was not due to a blockage of Con A receptor sites. MAV-2(O) infection of chicks 8 days of age resulted in a transient immunosuppression which appeared 1 to 2 weeks after infection. Cell-mixing experiments showed that MAV-2(O)-induced immunosuppression was not attributable to suppressor cells. In contrast, adherent cells from normal lymphoid preparations restored mitogenicity to lymphocytes from MAV-2(O)-infected animals. Adherent cells were present in the spleen and peripheral blood lymphocytes of MAV-2(O)-infected chickens in numbers comparable to those of the uninfected animal, and both sets of cells contained Fc-dependent phagocytic activity and nonspecific esterase. Peritoneal exudate cells were elicited from osteopetrotic and normal chickens in similar numbers. We conclude that MAV-2(O) induces immunosuppression by interfering with an accessory function of macrophage-like adherent cells. PMID- 6213296 TI - Effect of cellular fatty acid alteration on hyperthermic sensitivity in cultured L1210 murine leukemia cells. PMID- 6213297 TI - Effects of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate on fibroblasts from individuals genetically predisposed to cancer. AB - The purpose of the present study was to determine whether skin fibroblasts from individuals, either with an inherited predisposition to cancer or with genetic disorders usually associated with a high risk of cancer, can be oncogenically transformed in vitro by a tumor promoter alone. The effects of chronic and limited applications of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) on several properties that are associated with transformation were examined using skin fibroblasts from individuals with polyposis coli, a familial cancer syndrome, xeroderma pigmentosum, Fanconi's anemia, and trisomy 21. The results of this study show that TPA treatment induces similar changes on cellular morphology, growth rate, saturation density, epidermal growth factor binding, and cytoskeleton in fibroblasts from both normal and genetically predisposed individuals. None of these cell lines, however, acquired anchorage-independent growth or unlimited growth potential in culture after chronic application of TPA. These observations suggest clearly that skin fibroblasts from individuals with either a genetic predisposition to or a high risk of cancer may not exist in a preneoplastic or "initiated" state susceptible to oncogenic transformation by TPA alone and that the mechanism of genetically determined cancer induction may be different from that of chemical carcinogenesis. PMID- 6213298 TI - Biochemical pharmacology in medical oncology. PMID- 6213299 TI - The potential for clinical application of in vitro assays predicting 5-FU sensitivity in man. AB - An in vitro assay system to measure the production of phosphorylated nucleotide products of 5-FU by human tumor cytosols is described. Samples from 11 patients with breast cancer treated with 5-FU-containing chemotherapy regimens were assayed. Significant differences were seen in quantitative and qualitative patterns of phosphorylation between samples from chemotherapy responding and nonresponding patients. Both the rate of 5-fluorodeoxyuridylate production and the amount of fluorinated nucleotide triphosphate produced were significantly increased (P less than 0.05) in patients responding to chemotherapy. The latter finding may be attributed to the demonstration of significantly higher nucleoside diphosphate kinase levels in the tumors of responding patients. Further study of this in vitro assay system as a potential system for prospectively predicting clinical response to fluorinated pyrimidines is indicated. PMID- 6213300 TI - Aclacinomycin A flare. PMID- 6213301 TI - Electrocardiographic abnormalities in Ebstein's anomaly. Deductions based on comparison with endomyocardial fibrosis. AB - Probable causes of ECG abnormalities in Ebstein's anomaly were investigated by comparing tracings from 18 young patients with the disease (group I) and 20 age matched patients with a morphologically similar cardiopathy: right ventricular endomyocardial fibrosis (group II). Tall p waves (greater than or equal to 2.5 mm) occurred in about a third of the patients in each group and were attributable to right atriomegaly. 8 patients, 4 from each group, had prolonged P-R intervals (greater than or equal to 17 s) resulting from increased P-R segment (7 cases) and prolonged P-wave duration (4 cases). Right bundle branch block was, however, more prevalent in group I (44%) than in group II (5%), and is thought to result mainly from a paucity of conduction fibres in the atrialized right ventricle in Ebstein's anomaly and partly, in group II especially, from septal fibrosis. In both groups R-wave deflections in V3R and V1 were reduced, probably because of a clockwise cardiac rotation and paucity of right ventricular muscle mass. PMID- 6213302 TI - The role of pararenal collaterals in assessing renal artery stenosis before and after percutaneous transluminal angioplasty. AB - For the past several years, observation of flow direction in non-parenchymal renal artery branches, particularly during pharmacoangiography, has proved to be extremely reliable in the preoperative evaluation of the hemodynamic significance of renal artery stenoses. The advent of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) has expanded the applications for these methods. Their value in PTA is demonstrated through five illustrative cases. In four stenoses shown to be significant before PTA, clinical responses were favorable. In one case undergoing PTA of an anatomically severe, but hemodynamically insignificant stenosis, blood pressure was unchanged after PTA. After PTA, observation of orthograde flow in the pararenal arteries confirms the adequacy of the procedure, and predicates a favorable clinical response. PMID- 6213303 TI - Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of fibromuscular dysplasia of the internal carotid artery. PMID- 6213304 TI - Effect of volume-overload hypertrophy on the coronary circulation awake dogs. AB - Inadequate coronary reserve is present in left ventricular hypertrophy secondary to hypertension. Since this abnormality might be due in part to vascular hypertrophy of coronary resistance vessels in response to chronic hypertension, we studied a model of ventricular hypertrophy without hypertension. Volume overload hypertrophy was produced by creating complete heart block in mongrel dogs; 6 to 7 weeks later the dogs were studied in the awake state. The thirteen dogs with chronic heart block had a 49% increase (P less than 0.05) in left ventricular mass compared with eight control dogs. The major findings in this study were: 1) at rest, coronary blood flow (microsphere technique) per unit weight of left ventricle was not increased in dogs with hypertrophy; and 2) the minimal coronary vascular resistance per unit weight of left ventricle calculated during iv adenosine infusion at a rate that produced maximal vasodilatation was not significantly higher in dogs with left ventricular hypertrophy than in controls (16.4 +/- 1.0 vs 14.7 +/- 1.5 kPa . litre-1 . min . 100 g, respectively). Minimal coronary vascular resistance of the entire left ventricle was significantly less in dogs with hypertrophy than controls (13.0 +/- 0.8 vs 17.3 +/- 1.7 kPa . litre-1 . min, respectively). This data suggests that vascular hypertrophy of coronary resistance vessels related to chronic hypertension may be the cause of the increased minimal coronary vascular resistance seen in dogs with pressure-overload left ventricular hypertrophy. PMID- 6213305 TI - Radioautographic detection of macromolecules involved in the synthesis of Neurospora crassa cell wall. PMID- 6213306 TI - Structural and functional significance of association of a low molecular weight chalone from JB-1 ascites tumours with high molecular weight factors. AB - The cell-specific inhibitory (chalone) activity of JB-1 ascites tumour cell proliferation has been purified using five different procedures. By combining (1) molecular weight estimations based on ultrafiltration and gel chromatography, and (2) partitioning in organic solvent and ion exchanges, it is concluded that the active factor associates, in a complex manner, with various other components involving both hydrophobic and ionic forces. The active factor appears to be slightly acidic, hydrophobic peptide (molecular weight 500-1000 D). When assessing the activity in vivo, it appears to be highly dependent on associated serum factors. Thus, the chalone studied appears to interact both structurally and functionally with various associated factors which affect its physicochemical behaviour and biological activity. PMID- 6213307 TI - The brachial artery method to transluminal coronary angioplasty. AB - The development of a brachial artery guiding catheter for (percutaneous) transluminal coronary angioplasty is described. Three-hundred angioplasty procedures were attempted with 196 (65%) via the branchial and 104 (35%) via the femoral artery. The coronary stenosis was crossed in 202 attempts (67%); in 138 via the brachial (70%) and 64 via the femoral artery (62%). A successful angioplasty occurred in 117 via the brachial (85%) and in 50 via the femoral artery (78%). Successful angioplasty of the left anterior descending artery was equally effective with either technique. Successful angioplasty of the right coronary artery was more difficult (P less than 0.05) using the femoral artery. An unsuccessful angioplasty with one technique was occasionally overcome by use of the other technique. No brachial artery complications were encountered. The brachial method to transluminal coronary angioplasty is an acceptable and complementary alternative to the femoral technique. Those laboratories contemplating percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty may desire to utilize both approaches. PMID- 6213308 TI - Cellular interactions in the generation and expression of histamine-induced suppressor activity. PMID- 6213309 TI - Phenotypic heterogeneity of the OKM 1-positive lymphocyte population: reactivity of OKM1 monoclonal antibody with a subset of the suppressor/cytotoxic T-cell population. PMID- 6213310 TI - Polymorphism of age-dependent changes in the production of a Thf helper factor. PMID- 6213311 TI - Immune unresponsiveness of spleen cells from lipopolysaccharide-sensitized mice to particulate thymus-dependent antigens. II. Evidence for an abortive cooperation between T lymphocytes and antigen-presenting cells. PMID- 6213312 TI - Benefit from sealants in a moderately fluoridated community. PMID- 6213313 TI - [Our experience with the surgical treatment of ptyalism in children with cerebral palsy]. PMID- 6213314 TI - [Our experience with antihaemophilic cryoprotein in haemophilia A in dentistry]. PMID- 6213315 TI - [Our experience with percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) of arteries according to Gruntzig (author's transl)]. PMID- 6213316 TI - [Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty in fibromuscular dysplasia of a. carotis interna (author's transl)]. PMID- 6213317 TI - Lipid peroxidation stimulated by mercuric chloride and its relations to the toxicity. PMID- 6213318 TI - Facts about injectable contraceptives: memorandum from a WHO meeting. PMID- 6213319 TI - Pharmacokinetic approach to the selection of dose schedules for medroxyprogesterone acetate in clinical oncology. AB - The pharmacokinetic and bioavailability properties of medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) after single PO and IM doses in man were used as a basis to predict, on a theoretical pharmacokinetic basis, the blood level profile of the drug during repeated dose administration with various dosage schedules. Because of the unusually long-lasting depot effect of IM MPA, a different build-up process of blood levels is expected during repeated IM or PO administration, and this should be taken into account when dose schedules for use in clinical oncology are selected. As regards the IM route, dose schedules based on 4 weeks' treatment with daily injections of 500-1,000 mg followed by a maintenance therapy with 1,000 mg/week are suggested, since they permit rapid achievement and maintenance of relatively high plasma levels. A similar plasma level profile can be obtained with oral MPA provided that daily doses twice as large as the IM doses are given during the first month of treatment and continued during the maintenance period. The serum levels observed in 25 patients with advanced breast cancer treated with MPA given IM or PO according to various dose schedules and recent literature data are very close to the serum level profiles predicted on a theoretical pharmacokinetic basis. PMID- 6213320 TI - An immunofluorescent study of the ampicillin rash. AB - The aetiology of the ampicillin rash is uncertain although numerous theories have been proposed--mainly immunological. One such concerns the presence of anti epithelial antibodies which have received conflicting reports in the literature. In this study, skin biopsies from three patients with a maculopapular ampicillin rash were studied by immunofluorescence to investigate the presence of anti epithelial antibodies. However immunofluorescence for IgG, IgM, IgA and C3 was completely negative so that we were unable to provide any support for this particular hypothesis. PMID- 6213321 TI - Studies on skin and urinary mucopolysaccharides in malnourished/vitamin A deficient children. AB - In protein-calorie malnourished children, with or without associated vitamin A deficiency, skin content of acid mucopolysaccharides (MPS) and urinary excretion of MPS and amino sugars were studied. MPS content of skin in both malnourished groups was increased 3-6-fold. This increase was essentially in the non-sulphated component. In normal skin, non-sulphate MPS accounted for 68% of the MPS content, whereas in the malnourished group with vitamin A deficiency it constituted 93%. Urinary excretion of MPS (24h) was significantly reduced by 50-70% in malnourished groups. This returned to normal levels in the malnourished/vitamin A deficient group when vitamin A injections were administered. Excretion of amino sugars (24 h) in the malnourished groups was also decreased by 50-70%. In normal children 55% of the total amino sugars was dialysable whereas in the malnourished it was increased to 60%. The excretion of protein-bound and dialysable amino sugars was increased to normal level only in the group given supplements of vitamin A in addition of protein and calories. PMID- 6213322 TI - Salivary testosterone: relationship to unbound plasma testosterone in normal and hyperandrogenic women. AB - A sensitive radioimmunoassay (RIA) was used to measure salivary testosterone levels in normal women, in patients with polycystic ovaries (PCO), and in women with hirsutism. There was a highly significant correlation (r = 0.79, P less than 0.001) between the concentration of testosterone in saliva [12.3 +/- 7.8 (SD) pg/ml] and the concentration of unbound testosterone in plasma (5.2 +/- 3.1 pg/ml) in matched samples collected from 56 women including normals, patients with clinical signs of hyperandrogenism, and women treated with a combination of cyproterone acetate (CA) and ethinyl oestradiol (EE). The unbound plasma testosterone was measured in the dialysate directly using a sensitive RIA. Salivary and plasma testosterone levels in patients with PCO (20.6 +/- 8.5 and 626 +/- 187 pg/ml respectively, n = 14) and in those with hirsutism (13.9 +/- 5.6 and 421 +/- 170 pg/ml, n = 30) were significantly higher (P less than 0.001) than levels in normal women (7.7 +/- 2.6 and 196 +/- 68 pg/ml, n = 36). Treatment for 3 months with CA and EE resulted in a decrease (mean 68%) in salivary testosterone levels in all patients studied (n = 15), but the suppression of plasma testosterone (mean 34%) was not observed in all cases. It is concluded that measurement of salivary testosterone gives a useful indication of levels of biologically available androgen in hyperandrogenic women, before and during CA/EE therapy. PMID- 6213323 TI - Mosaic tetrasomy 21 in a liveborn male infant. PMID- 6213324 TI - Fetal dermatoglyphics. AB - Dermatoglyphic studies were performed on 24 aborted human embryos in whom major chromosomal aberrations had been revealed by amniocentesis. Prints were obtained from the embryos by the Hollister method. An analysis was done using patterns on finger tips and the atd angle was measured in degrees. The Penrose classification was used to describe the locations of the various palm and foot patterns. Twenty two out of the 24 embryos showed dermatoglyphic deviations that correlated well with the cytogenetic diagnosis. The fetuses had the following disorders: 7 with trisomy 21, 2 with trisomy 18, 2 with trisomy 13, 3 with structural autosomal aberrations and 10 had a sex-chromosome aberration. PMID- 6213325 TI - Contact sensitization to 2-monomethylol phenol in phenol formaldehyde resin as an example of the recognition and prevention of industrial dermatoses. PMID- 6213326 TI - Follicular mucinosis associated with mycosis fungoides presenting with gross cystic changes on the face. PMID- 6213327 TI - Pertussis vaccine inhibits immune insulitis induced with streptozotocin. AB - Normally, the injection of streptozotocin (STZ) at a lower dose (60 mg/kg body weight) to young (45 days old) CD-1 male mice produces a sustained hyperglycemia with the concomitant development of hypoinsulinemia and immune insulitis in the pancreas, both of which lead to insulin-dependent diabetes (IDD). In an effort to abort the development of IDD, pertussis vaccine (PV) was administered either intraperitoneally (n = 12) or intravenously (n = 12) 3 days prior to STZ injection. In contrast to the control group (n = 12) which received only STZ resulting in the subsequent development of IDD after 16 weeks, none of the vaccinated group developed IDD. The complete protective effect was evidenced by normal insulin values, normoglycemia, the lack of the development of nucleic acid antibody and the absence of insulitis in the vaccinated animals. Under these experimental conditions, PV appeared to offer satisfactory protection of the beta cells of islets in pancreas against the inflammatory effect of STZ. PMID- 6213328 TI - Histochemical discrimination of HLA-DR positive cell populations in the normal and arthritic synovial lining. AB - A combination of immunochemical staining for HLA-DR antigens and the histochemical demonstration of enzyme activity has been used to identify specific cell populations in the normal and arthritic synovial lining layers. Such combined staining has revealed that the normal synovial lining contains a proportion of HLA-DR + ve cells, all of which show strong lysosomal enzyme activity. This population is greatly expanded in biopsies from patients with osteoarthritis and these positive cells also express strong ATPase activity. In the rheumatoid synovium five distinct cell types can be identified; all of which are HLA-DR + ve but differ in their morphology and pattern of enzyme activity. Of special interest was the discovery that a small but significant proportion of these cells have the characteristics of the interdigitating cells of the lymph node paracortex. The relationship between the emergence of these heterogeneous populations and the immunological basis of this inflammatory response is discussed. PMID- 6213329 TI - Immunoregulatory T cell subpopulations in patients with scleroderma using monoclonal antibodies. AB - Twenty-eight patients with scleroderma were compared with 22 healthy age-matched subjects. Monoclonal antibodies were used to detect the whole T cell population (OKT3), T helper cells (OKT4), and T suppressor/cytotoxic cells (OKT8) by indirect immunofluorescence on isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells. A subset of scleroderma patients (i.e. 30% or eight of 28 patients) exhibited an elevated ratio of OKT4/OKT8 cells which could be accounted for, mainly by a reduction in OKT8 cells compared with controls. The scleroderma patients with an elevated OKT4/OKT8 ratio tended to be younger, have a shorter disease duration and more extensive skin involvement than patients with a normal OKT4/OKT8 ratio. There was no correlation with the presence of autoantibodies, drug therapy, or HLA-DR type. In order to further determine whether this imbalance in immunoregulatory cell subpopulations was specific for scleroderma, we further studied 16 patients with psoriatic arthritis but without manifest autoimmunity and delineated a similar subset of patients with an elevated OKT4/OKT8 cell ratio (i.e. 38% or six of 16 patients). The results demonstrate similar immunoregulatory T cell imbalances in patients with scleroderma and psoriatic arthritis. These findings suggest that numerical imbalances in lymphocyte subpopulations may not be specific for autoimmune disorders. PMID- 6213330 TI - Effect of plasmapheresis on T anc B lymphocyte functions in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: a double blind study. AB - Nine patients with active systemic lupus erythematosus entered a double-blind randomized trial to study the therapeutic effect of vigorous versus sham reinfusion plasmapheresis. Four of them received real plasmapheresis while five received sham reinfusion plasmapheresis. In the present communication we report the effects of these procedures on T lymphocytes in peripheral mononuclear cells, proliferative response to mitogens, allogeneic mixed lymphocyte reaction and cell mediated lympholysis, as well as the effect of plasmapheresis on the spontaneous and pokeweed mitogen induced immunoglobulin secreting cells in peripheral blood. Several mononuclear cell functions were abnormal at the beginning of the study but no significant changes related to plasmaphersis occurred in any of the parameters studied. PMID- 6213332 TI - Comparison in T- and B-cell markers in patients with Sjogren's syndrome and systemic lupus erythematosus. PMID- 6213331 TI - Antibody response to pneumococcal vaccine in patients with trisomy-21 (Down's syndrome). AB - The antibody response to pneumococcal vaccine was lower in adults with trisomy-21 (Down's syndrome) than in controls. Males gave lower response than females, significantly so among the 21-trisomic patients. The antibody response to different polysaccharides differed between the groups. PMID- 6213333 TI - A population of sheep rosetting cells lacking T- and monocytic-specific antigens, as detected by monoclonal antibodies. PMID- 6213334 TI - Tumor promoter phorbol myristic acetate is a T-cell dependent inducer of immunoglobulin secretion in human lymphocytes. PMID- 6213335 TI - Nonidiotypic VH antigens can be detected on human lymphocytes. PMID- 6213336 TI - Suppressor cell function in patients with primary glomerular disease. PMID- 6213337 TI - Depressed functions of T cells and the presence of suppressor macrophages in patients with sarcoidosis. PMID- 6213338 TI - Ontogeny of T-cell function: alloreactivity appears earlier than reactivity against hapten-modified self and interleukin-2 production. PMID- 6213339 TI - Human B-cell differentiation in the absence of pokeweed mitogen. PMID- 6213340 TI - Special characteristics of cellular immune function in normal individuals of the HLA-DR3 type. PMID- 6213341 TI - The regulation of hapten-specific granuloma formation. PMID- 6213342 TI - Abnormal immunoregulation in patients with non-Hodgkin's malignant lymphomas. I. Increased helper function of peripheral blood T lymphocytes. PMID- 6213343 TI - Ataxia-Telangiectasia: a multiparameter analysis of eight families. PMID- 6213344 TI - The functional study of DR-positive human epidermal Langerhans cells in mixed cell cultures with allogeneic lymphocytes. PMID- 6213345 TI - Reevaluation of suppressor cell function in systemic lupus erythematosus. PMID- 6213346 TI - AMLR-reactive T cells isolated by autologous rosette formation. PMID- 6213347 TI - Accumulation of bone scanning agent in a communicating renal cortical cyst. PMID- 6213348 TI - Handicapped patients. PMID- 6213349 TI - On the disulfiram-like activity of moxalactam. AB - A three-way crossover study was undertaken in 10 healthy subjects to characterize the reported disulfiram-like activity of moxalactam and to assess its influence on ethanol and acetaldehyde metabolism. On different occasions separated by at least 2 wk subjects were given in random order: 0.5 gm/kg ethanol orally, 0.5 gm/kg ethanol followed in 1 hr by 1.0 gm IV moxalactam, and 1.0 gm IV moxalactam every 8 hr for four doses followed by 0.5 gm/kg ethanol. Mean ethanol elimination rates of 13.1 +/- 0.76, 10.1 +/- 1.11, and 10.9 +/- 1.06 mg/dl/hr (mean +/- SEM) were observed in the three protocols, respectively. Corresponding mean estimated acetaldehyde clearance rates were 103.7 +/- 15.55, 92.8 +/- 13.79, and 97.3 +/- 10.41 l/min (mean +/- SEM). While no consistent moxalactam effect on ethanol or acetaldehyde elimination was observed, two subjects experienced mild disulfiram like reactions to ethanol after moxalactam pretreatment. In one subject this reaction was associated with markedly elevated blood acetaldehyde concentrations. We conclude that moxalactam pretreatment may induce a disulfiram-like reaction after ethanol ingestion in some, probably due to inhibition of aldehyde dehydrogenase, and that alcoholic beverages are contraindicated in patients receiving moxalactam. We suggest, however, that such reactions will not occur when moxalactam is given after ethanol ingestion. PMID- 6213350 TI - Muscle citrate content and the regulation of metabolism in fed and fasted human skeletal muscle. AB - Blood and muscle metabolite levels were measured in seven healthy young adult male subjects in a fed state and again following a 24-hour fast. Skeletal muscle samples were obtained under local anaesthesia from m.vastus lateralis using a needle biopsy technique. The blood glucose concentration fell during fasting; the blood lactate concentration remained unchanged. Plasma free fatty acid concentrations rose, as did 3-hydroxybutyrate and acetoacetate levels. There was no change in the amount of carbohydrate stored as glycogen in the muscle in response to fasting. The muscle content of phosphagens (adenosine triphosphate and phosphocreatine), glycolytic intermediates (glucose-6-phosphate, fructose-6 phosphate, fructose-1,6-diphosphate, triose phosphates and lactate) and citrate was also not affected by fasting. There was a significant increase in the muscle content of 3-hydroxybutyrate. These results give no indication as to the mechanisms by which a decreased rate of carbohydrate degradation might occur in muscle in the fasted state. It is clear, however, that an intracellular accumulation of citrate and a consequent inhibition of glycolysis at the level of phosphofructokinase does not take place in fasting human skeletal muscle. PMID- 6213351 TI - Dynein-microtubule interactions: ATP-sensitive dynein binding and the structural polarity of mitotic microtubules. PMID- 6213352 TI - Approaches to potential sliding mechanisms of cytoplasmic microtubules. PMID- 6213353 TI - Immunoreactive forms of human erythrocyte ankyrin are localized in mitotic structures in cultured cells and are associated with microtubules in brain. PMID- 6213354 TI - Calcium-dependent regulation of chromaffin granule movement, membrane contact, and fusion during exocytosis. PMID- 6213355 TI - An improved emergency telecommunications system for the deaf. PMID- 6213356 TI - Gonococcal infections: new methods of treatment. PMID- 6213357 TI - Epidemiologic study of 600 villagers of oral precancerous lesions in Bilugyun: preliminary report. AB - A house-to-house survey of 11 villages selected by random sampling was carried out in Bilugyun. Chaung-zone township. Mon State of South Eastern Burma to study the prevalence of oral precancerous lesions and smoking and chewing. A total of 6000 villagers who were above 15 years at the time of this study were examined. The prevalence of preleukoplakia was 0.3%, leukoplakia 1.7%, lichen planus 0.4%, leukokeratosis nicotina palati 2.3, erythroplakia 0.1%, submucous fibrosis 0.1%, and cancer 0.03%. A correlation was done between habits and lesions. PMID- 6213358 TI - Secondary acrylamides in Nyloprint printing plate as a source of contact dermatitis. AB - Several chemically pure fractions have been isolated from Nyloprint printing plates. 5 of the fractions elicited positive patch test reactions in 7 Nylonprint allergic printers. 4 of the 5 components were analysed by means of nuclear magnetic resonance, infrared spectrophotometry, mass spectrometry and elemental analysis. The fractions were identified as N,N'-methylene-bis-acrylamide. N,N' [oxybis(methylene)]bis-2-propenamide, N,N'-[1,2-ethanediylbis(oxymethylene)]-2 propenamide, and a new compound N-[(2-hydroxyethoxy)-methyl]-2-propenamide. All of the analysed fractions have the common feature of being secondary acrylamides. PMID- 6213359 TI - Contact dermatitis from cadmium chloride? PMID- 6213360 TI - Occupational dermatosis by vitamin K3 sodium bisulphite. PMID- 6213361 TI - Allergic contact dermatitis from 4,7-dichloroquinoline. PMID- 6213362 TI - Contact allergic dermatitis due to diethylthiourea in a wetsuit. PMID- 6213363 TI - A farmer with allergy to cows. PMID- 6213364 TI - Contact allergic purpura to wool dust. PMID- 6213365 TI - Depigmentation with cerium oxide. PMID- 6213366 TI - Induction of cartilage degradation in experimental arthritis produced by allogeneic and xenogeneic proteoglycan antigens. AB - A single intra-articular injection of proteoglycan (PG) antigens induced sterile inflammatory response and cartilage degradation in preimmunized rabbits and dogs. Both cell-mediated and humoral immune reactions could be detected against PG antigens in these animals, but there was no response against collagen Type II. The lymphocytes isolated from the inflamed synovial layer proved to be predominantly of T cell type. The cartilage degradation was indicated by the accumulation of IgG and complement in the superficial layer of the articular cartilage. By the diminished number of chondrocytes and by the increased binding of specific antibodies in the ground substance. The results suggest that PG antigens trigger local immune reactions which become self-sustaining by enzymatic exposure of antigenic sites. The anti-PG antibodies are cytotoxic to articular chondrocytes and thus can block the continuous neogenesis of matrix components which may lead ultimately to deterioration of the cartilage. This type of experimental arthritis appears to be a model closely related to rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 6213367 TI - Isolation and characterization of glycoproteins in proteoglycan aggregates of calf rib cartilage. AB - Proteoglycan aggregates were prepared under associative conditions from calf rib cartilage extracts isolated with 4 M guanidine . HCl in the presence of proteinase inhibitors. Five Coomassie blue positive bands including two link proteins could be detected after treatment of proteoglycan aggregates with 2 mercaptoethanol. After dissociating these proteoglycan aggregates with 4 M guanidine . HCl three fractions were obtained by chromatography on Sepharose 2B under the same conditions. A large complex obtained in the excluded volume was partially soluble in the presence of 0.1% sodium dodecyl sulfate, but did not enter 7.5% polyacrylamide gel. It split into seven bands; five of them were not found in proteoglycan aggregates after 2-mercaptoethanol treatment. Neither link proteins nor hyaluronate could be detected in this complex, but chondroitin sulfate was present. Proteoglycan monomers and one included fraction were isolated in addition to this complex. From the included fraction, 8 glycoproteins including 2 link proteins were isolated by preparative polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and their amino acid and sugar contents determined. These glycoproteins possessed the ability to bind hyaluronate. These results indicate the presence of other glycoproteins besides the two link proteins and a glycoprotein-proteoglycan complex in proteoglycan aggregates of calf rib cartilage. PMID- 6213368 TI - Solute effects on the mechanical properties of arterial elastin. AB - We have examined the effects of various solutions (SDS, DMSO, NaCl) on the swelling and mechanical properties of arterial elastin. Our results indicate that SDS-swollen elastin is stiffer, stronger, and appears to fail at smaller extensions than water-swollen elastin. In order to determine if these changes in mechanical properties are due to swelling changes or to a specific effect of SDS bound to the elastin network, we studied the effect of DMSO on the mechanical properties of elastin. DMSO swells elastin to the same extent as 0.1 M SDS, but DMSO is uncharged and probably does not interact directly with the elastin protein. The data for DMSO-swollen elastin corrected for swelling changes are virtually identical to those of water-swollen elastin but significantly different from those of SDS-swollen elastin. Thus, there is apparently a specific SDS effect, and this effect probably arises from the high negative charge density due to bound SDS. Lastly, studies of changes induced by sodium chloride concentrations in the physiological range indicate that there is no significant change in stiffness, strength, or extensibility due to increased NaCl levels. PMID- 6213369 TI - Molecular weight estimation of sulfated glycosaminoglycans in human gingivae. AB - The number-average molecular weights of human gingival epithelium and connective tissue glycosaminoglycans (GAG) have been determined. Radioactive labelled GAG were extracted from separated gingival epithelium and connective tissue following alkaline degradation of the tissue in the presence of tritiated sodium borohydride. They were identified by electrophoresis as heparan sulfate (HS), hyaluronic acid (HA), dermatan sulfate (DS) and chondroitin 4-sulfate (ChS-4). Following densitometric quantitation of the sulfated GAG (HS, DS and ChS-4), the amount of radioactivity associated with each species was determined by liquid scintillation of each band staining positively for these GAG. The number-average molecular weights for each GAG were determined by end group analysis. The values obtained for each sulfated GAG indicated a degree of similarity in molecular weight distribution between the two tissue types ranging from 15,000 to 27,000. PMID- 6213370 TI - The glycosaminoglycans of Dupuytren's disease. AB - The total and individual glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content at various stages of the Dupuytren disease process and in samples of normal palmar connective tissue (palmar dermis, palmar fascia and digital flexor tendon) from the hands of uninvolved age-matched controls have been assayed and compared. Morphological comparisons between the different tissues were made by histological examination of sections stained to demonstrate collagen fiber patterns and glycosaminoglycan distribution. Significant differences in the type and amount of GAG were found between the various manifestations of the disease process, i.e., nodules, cellular and fibrous bands, and between these and the normal palmar connective tissues. In the most actively proliferating cellular regions chondroitin sulfate levels were 11 times greater than those of the normal palmar connective tissues, whereas dermatan sulfate tissue levels showed a fourfold increase. On the other hand, tissue concentrations of hyaluronate were similar to those of normal palmar connective tissue. The relationship of these differences in GAG levels to the development and maturation of the normal palmar connective tissues and the Dupuytren's process is discussed. PMID- 6213371 TI - Scanning electron microscopy of collagen fibers in intestine. AB - Collagen fibers of rat intestine were observed with and without mechanical stress in the scanning electron microscope. Observations were correlated with the previous results obtained by optical polarized microscopy to provide further insight into the organization and morphology of intestinal collagen. Larger fibers, approximately 4 micrometers in diameter, are densely packed in parallel undulating arrays. The initial response to stress is straightening of the original fibers. The extended fibers are biaxially oriented at +30 degrees and 30 degrees to the longitudinal direction. These large fibers appear as assemblies of subfibers. At higher magnifications, the larger fibers appear to be enmeshed in a network of small randomly oriented fibers approximately 0.2 micrometer in diameter. Study of the effect of age on fiber morphology showed that the length of the large fiber undulations increases during maturation but remains constant during aging. The diameters of large and small fibers appear not to change with age, but more of the 4 micrometers fibers are loosely associated into larger fibers which can be observed at both the optical microscope and scanning electron microscope levels. A hierarchical organization of intestinal collagen is proposed. PMID- 6213372 TI - The effect of theophylline on macrophage elastase secretion. AB - Theophylline increased the elastolytic activity in conditioned media from murine peritoneal macrophages maintained in a monolayer system. Continuing accumulation of enzyme activity with time required the continuing presence of the drug. Theophylline was active in the presence of a maximally stimulatory concentration of colchicine, a known enhancer of elastase secretion. The effect of theophylline was not due to interference with any elastase inhibitory activity in macrophage conditioned medium. The elastolytic activity from theophylline-stimulated cells exhibited an inhibitor profile similar to the profiles of colchicine-stimulated and unstimulated cells. The results demonstrate that theophylline regulates the amount of extracellular elastolytic activity from murine peritoneal macrophages differently from granulocytic elastase. PMID- 6213373 TI - Transfer of contraceptive steroids in milk of women using long-acting gestagens. AB - Levels of norethisterone and medroxyprogesterone acetate were measured in serum and milk of women receiving the injectable contraceptive formulations Norigest and DepoProvera, respectively, throughout complete injection intervals. In 5 of 10 women receiving Norigest, serum norethisterone levels were undetectable by 8 weeks after injection and only 2 women had detectable levels of norethisterone in milk at this time. In contrast, 8 of 10 women receiving DepoProvera had detectable levels of medroxyprogesterone acetate in both serum and milk 12 weeks after injection. The ratio of the milk:serum concentrations of norethisterone varied from 0.12 to 0.92 (mean 0.34) and for medroxyprogesterone acetate from 0.12 to 2.60 (mean 0.88). It is unlikely that these differences between the two formulations are due entirely to differences between the binding of norethisterone and medroxyprogesterone acetate to serum proteins. The area under the curve of serum steroid concentrations plotted against time was only 50% higher for women injected with DepoPovera than for those injected with Norigest but the area under the curve for milk values was 400 times higher. Assuming the infant ingests 600 ml daily, the daily intake of steroids in the first week after injection would be 0.5 to 2.4 micrograms for norethisterone and 1 to 13 micrograms for medroxyprogesterone acetate. By 8 weeks after injection, the amount of norethisterone ingested would be small but that of medroxyprogesterone acetate would still be significant. PMID- 6213374 TI - Effects of desogestrel and levonorgestrel in low-dose oestrogen oral contraceptives on serum lipoproteins. PMID- 6213375 TI - Comparative effects of the oral contraceptive combinations 0.150 mg desogestrel + 0.030 mg ethinyloestradiol and 0.150 mg levonorgestrel + 0.030 mg ethinyloestradiol on lipid and lipoprotein metabolism in healthy female volunteers. PMID- 6213376 TI - A rapid method for the determination of 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone in Thai males receiving medroxyprogesterone acetate. AB - A rapid method for the determination of DHT (5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone) in serum was established, utilizing potassium permanganate as an oxidising agent to convert the double bond at position 4-5 of testosterone to dihydroxy alcohols. DHT was then extracted with diethyl ether and measured directly using radioimmunoassay technique. The precision of the assay was determined at three levels of DHT added into pooled serum and found to be 4.4-5.1% for between assay percentage coefficient of variation. The sensitivity of the standard curve was found to be 4.2 pg/0.5 ml sample. The accuracy was determined in pooled serum with added standard DHT in the range of 80-800 pg. The percentage recovery of the assay was found to be 92.93-98.35%. The antisera used for DHT assay exhibited no significant cross-reaction with various steroids tested except testosterone which showed a 91.3% cross-reaction. The method was applied to measure the level of DHT in serum of Thai males receiving medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) as an oral contraceptive. Twenty-five subjects were divided into 5 groups. Group 1 received an oral placebo with monthly sesame oil injection. Groups 2, 3 and 4 received 5 mg, 10 mg and 20 mg MPA, respectively, with the addition of monthly injection of 250 mg testosterone enanthate (TE). Group 5 received 20 mg MPA daily with the addition of monthly injection of 500 mg TE. Blood specimens were obtained monthly. The first 4 months were used as a control period. After the 4-month period, each subject received treatment as mentioned above for 6 months, then follow-up study was resumed for another 6 months. The results revealed that subjects receiving 20 mg MPA with the addition of 250 mg TE showed a significant decrease of DHT levels (p less than 0.001). PMID- 6213377 TI - Skin care and incidence of skin disease in adolescence. AB - During adolescence there are marked structural and physiological changes in the pilosebaceous unit leading to an increase in sebaceous and apocrine secretion, as well as the development of androgen-dependent hair growth. Because of these changes, there are marked alterations in the pattern of skin care at this age. In addition, during adolescence there is a greater increase in the incidence of skin disease is due to the occurrence of acne vulgaris in 249.9 per thousand youths in the 12 to 17-year old age range. Other skin diseases that are extremely common in this age range include (in decreasing frequency) dermatophytosis, benign tumours, seborrhoeic dermatitis, atopic dermatitis and eczema, ichthyosis and keratosis pilaris, and verruca vulgaris. PMID- 6213378 TI - Systemic contact dermatitis from Orinase and Diabinese in diabetics with para amino hypersensitivity. AB - Diabetic patients sensitized by topical medication containing such para-amino compounds as sulfanilamide and benzocaine can acquire a widespread eczematous "systemic" contact dermatitis from the oral administration of such para-amino hypoglycemic drugs as Orinase or Diabinese. PMID- 6213379 TI - Comparison of topical erythromycin 1.5 percent solution versus topical clindamycin phosphate 1.0 percent solution in the treatment of acne vulgaris. AB - Commercial topical solutions of erythromycin 1.5 percent and clindamycin phosphate 1.0 percent were evaluated in a randomized, double-blind, twelve-week comparison in sixty-six patients with moderate acne. Both treatment groups showed significant reductions of total lesions, inflammatory lesions, and papules. Additionally, the group using erythromycin 1.5 percent showed significant decreases in total noninflammatory lesions and closed comedones, and the group using clindamycin phosphate 1.0 percent showed significant reductions in pustules. The only statistically significant differences between the treatments were the greater reductions in closed comedones for those patients using erythromycin 1.5 percent and greater reductions in pustules for those patients using clindamycin 1.0 percent. Nearly two thirds of the patients in each group had a good or excellent overall response after twelve weeks. One erythromycin treated patient discontinued treatment because his wife became sensitized to it. This reportedly also occurred with the use of topical clindamycin. Other side effects were minor or transient. In this study, topical erythromycin 1.5 percent and clindamycin 1.0 percent appeared to be clinically equivalent for treating moderate facial acne. PMID- 6213380 TI - Comparative trial of benzoyl peroxide versus benzoyl peroxide with urea in inflammatory acne. AB - Improvement in vehicle design may improve the delivery of drugs to the target site. A clinical trial was performed to evaluate an improved vehicle for topical benzoyl peroxide. Thirty-nine subjects participated in a split-face, double-blind trial of topical benzoyl peroxide 5 percent versus benzoyl peroxide 5 percent in 8 percent urea. All subjects had grade II or III acne as described by Pillsbury. Study solutions were randomly assigned to a selected side of the subject's face and applied twice a day to the appropriate side of the face for eight weeks. Total and inflammatory lesion counts were performed by the same investigator during the eight weeks of study at biweekly intervals. No overall differences in the response to the study preparations were observed when assessed objectively and subjectively. PMID- 6213381 TI - The accuracy of peak expiratory flow meters. PMID- 6213382 TI - The addition of an aerosol anticholinergic to an oral beta agonist plus theophylline in asthma and bronchitis. A double-blind single dose study. AB - In two groups of patients, 15 with asthma and 15 with chronic bronchitis, the bronchodilator effects of ipratropium bromide, of fenoterol plus theophylline, and of the combination of the three drugs, were compared using a double-blind, single-dose, placebo-controlled format. Ipratropium bromide caused rapid bronchodilatation which was not significantly different in asthmatic patients and patients with bronchitis (delta FEV1 = .29 L in one hour in asthmatic patients, .18 L in patients with bronchitis). In contrast, fenoterol plus theophylline induced a considerably greater effect in asthmatic patients (delta FEV1 = .41 L in one hour) than in those with bronchitis (delta FEV1 = .07 in one hour). The use of the three drugs in combination compared with ipratropium bromide alone, or fenoterol plus theophylline alone, resulted in a significant additional bronchodilatation in asthmatic patients. In the patients with bronchitis, the triple combination was clearly superior to fenoterol plus theophylline. A similar trend was present in comparing the triple combination to ipratropium bromide, but the difference did not reach statistical significance. There was no evidence of synergism when ipratropium bromide was combined with fenoterol plus theophylline in that the total bronchodilator effect was approximately additive. Asthmatic patients and the physician were able to distinguish the triple combination from placebo. No such ability was demonstrated with respect to those with bronchitis. All three drugs were well tolerated. Side effects were mostly mild, and none was related to the use of ipratropium. PMID- 6213383 TI - An assessment of three portable peak flow meters. AB - Peak flow has become widely used as in independent measure of lung function, particularly in asthma, because it can be quickly and easily determined by simple portable instrumentation. Three relatively inexpensive devices, the Armstrong mini-Wright peak flow meter, Vitalograph pulmonary monitor, and HealthScan peak flow meter, were tested for accuracy and reproducibility. Five units of each type were individually connected in series to a pneumotachograph, and 20 measurements (five in each of four flow ranges) were made on each unit at pulsatile flows ranging from 120 to 480 Lpm. The mean percentage of discrepancy (D%) for each instrument of a particular model was calculated at each flow range, and these subsequently averaged to give an inter-instrument percentage of discrepancy at each flow for each model. Intra-instrument variability was also assessed as the mean percentage of discrepancy for all flow rates for each individual instrument. While only the Armstrong mini-wright peak flow meter meets flow range criteria established by the American Thoracic Society and American College of Chest Physicians for flow devices, only the HealthScan-Organon peak flow meter meets the established criteria for accuracy and reproducibility. PMID- 6213384 TI - Increased left ventricular mass in idiopathic mitral valve prolapse. AB - We performed M-mode echocardiography on 100 subjects with idiopathic mitral valve prolapse (IMVP) and on 100 normal control subjects to determine if differences exist between the two groups in cardiac chamber size, left ventricular performance or left ventricular mass. Subjects with IMVP demonstrated significantly greater left ventricular mass than normal control subjects. There were no significant differences in fractional shortening of the left ventricle or left ventricular end-diastolic volume. There was no significant difference in left ventricular mass between asymptomatic subjects with IMVP and those with chest pain, palpitations, syncope or presyncope. Subjects with and without mitral regurgitation showed no significant difference in mass. The results indicate that subjects with IMVP demonstrate subtle left ventricular hypertrophy which does not appear to be caused by underlying organic heart disease, mitral regurgitation or sustained hypercontractility. This suggests that myocardial involvement is an integral part of the IMVP syndrome. PMID- 6213385 TI - Severe aortic regurgitation from systemic hypertension. PMID- 6213386 TI - Medical therapy of true precocious puberty due to hamartoma of the tuber cinereum. A report of 2 cases. PMID- 6213387 TI - [Prof. Ireneusz Wierzejewski as a precursor of rehabilitation (on his hundredth anniversary)]. PMID- 6213388 TI - [Degenerative diseases of the spinal column]. PMID- 6213389 TI - [Long-term therapeutic effect of cardioversion in atrial fibrillation--with long term follow up data of 109 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 6213390 TI - [Dacron velours vascular prosthesis of woven type (author's transl)]. PMID- 6213391 TI - [The OLPLN region of phage lambda suppresses E. coli growth]. PMID- 6213392 TI - [Separation in space of primary UV damage and mutation site in bacteriophage phi X-174 DNA]. PMID- 6213393 TI - [Immunological study of the venom of spiders of the genus Latrodectus]. PMID- 6213394 TI - [Localization of the Escherichia coli RNA-polymerase binding site (promotor Patt) on phage lambda DNA near the integration site]. PMID- 6213395 TI - [Relation between the structure and action on cholinergic structures of alpha, omega-bis(trimethylammoniomethyl)oligodimethyl-siloxanes]. PMID- 6213396 TI - [Model of the quarternary structure of F1-ATPase from the membranes of lactobacillus casei bacteria]. PMID- 6213397 TI - Toxicity of 2, 3, 7, 8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). AB - In summary, the toxicity of TCDD has been comprehensively examined in multiple acute, subchronic, and chronic studies. Acute toxicity studies have shown marked species differences, with up to a 10,000-fold difference between the single oral LD50 dose for the guinea pig and hamster. TCDD is capable of causing an acnegenic response in man and a similar skin response in certain animals. It is also a potent inducer of microsomal enzymes in some but not all species. A dose-related suppression of cell-mediated immunity has been observed at higher dose levels in laboratory animals but not in humans manifesting TCDD-induced acnegenic response. TCDD causes a dose-related teratogenic response in mice, with the no-adverse effect level of 0.1 micrograms TCDD/kg/day. In rats, TCDD causes embryo- and fetotoxicity above the no-adverse-effect level of 0.03-0.125 micrograms/kg/day. Dose-related reproductive effects have also been noted in monkeys at doses that elicit maternal toxicity, and additional long-term studies are presently underway. A multigeneration reproduction study as well as a lifetime chronic toxicity study have been completed with TCDD in rats; in both studies, the no adverse-effect level was found to be 0.001 microgram TCDD/kg/day. Numerous mutagenic studies have been performed using in vitro plant and microbial test systems as well as in vivo tests in mammals and man. A mutagenic response was noted in a few of the vitro test systems, but there are no definitive in vivo correlates of TCDD mutagenicity in higher mammals or man. TCDD has been studied for carcinogenic potential in rats and mice. There is good correlation of the results, with a carcinogenic response noted in both species only after long-term ingestion of higher dose levels that induce toxicity. No carcinogenic response occurred at continuous dose levels of 0.001-0.0014 micrograms/kg/day in rats and 0.001-0.03 micrograms/kg/day in mice. Data presently available are more supportive of a nongenetic (?promotor) rather than a genetic mechanism of carcinogenesis. The most recent research, some of which is still underway, indicates that the biologic uptake and toxicity of TCDD may be significantly decreased if the TCDD is adsorbed onto carbon or soil particles. This information is helpful in hazard assessment of exposure to TCDD. PMID- 6213398 TI - Uncharacteristic cutaneous reactions induced by quinidine. AB - Two patients who presented with unusual cutaneous reactions attributed to quinidine are described. One had a diffuse nonpruritic macular rash, and the other had a localized pruritus without cutaneous manifestations. Both resolved upon dechallenge with quinidine. Disopyramide phosphate was substituted for quinidine in both cases, without subsequent problems. PMID- 6213399 TI - [From the social jurisdiction. Skin diseases of a beautician's aid]. PMID- 6213401 TI - Purified mouse Schwann cells: mitogenic effects of fetal calf serum and fibroblast growth factor. AB - We present an in vitro bioassay protocol for the detailed examination of mitogenic influences on purified mouse Schwann cells. This involves measurements of (i) increases in Schwann cell number per culture, (ii) incorporation of radiolabeled thymidine per culture, and (iii) the proportion of total Schwann cells that exhibit a labeled nucleus by autoradiography. Using this standard protocol we show that the mitogenic efforts of fetal calf serum must be distinguished from its effects on cell retention to the culture substratum, and preparations of mouse brain or pituitary fibroblast growth factor but not mouse epidermal growth factor are very potent mouse Schwann cell mitogens. These mitogenic effects of serum and fibroblast growth factor have not been reported for rat Schwann cells. PMID- 6213402 TI - Further studies on adrenarche in nonhuman primates. AB - Serum concentrations of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHA), DHA sulfate, and cortisol were measured in 52 chimpanzees (aged 0.5--10 yr), 76 Macaca mulatta (aged 0.25- 5 yr), and 80 Macaca nemestrina (aged 0.5--9 yr). Sexual maturation was assessed by age and by the presence of menarche or the appearance of perineal turgescence in the females and by measurement of serum testosterone in the males. In an additional group of 10 young adult female M. mulatta, four repeated determinations of these same steroids at 30-min intervals demonstrated that the stress of capture and venipuncture caused a significant rise in serum levels of not only cortisol but also of DHA and DHA sulfate. The chimpanzees demonstrated an age-related rise in serum concentrations of DHA and DHA sulfate relative to cortisol which began before the onset of puberty and thus closely resembled human adrenarche. In M. mulatta, serum DHA levels showed no change with age, while DHA sulfate values decreased progressively both before and during puberty. The pattern in M. nemestrina was similar, with stable DHA and declining DHA sulfate levels before and during puberty. However, in the oldest group (aged 6--9 yr) of mature M. nemestrina, there was a significant postpubertal rise of both DHA and DHA sulfate with no change in serum cortisol. These data suggest that monkeys, just as higher primates, may show increasing adrenal secretion of C19 steroids at around 6--9 yr. This adrenarchal process appears to be completely independent of sexual maturation and probably merely reflects the influence of progressive adrenal growth and the resulting impact of changing intraadrenal steroid concentrations upon steroidogenesis in the zona reticularis. PMID- 6213403 TI - Growth and function of cultured bovine adrenocortical cells in a serum-free defined medium. PMID- 6213404 TI - Calcitonin increases pyruvate carboxylase activity in hepatic mitochondria of rats. AB - The effect of calcitonin (CT) on calcium content and enzyme activity in the hepatic mitochondria of intact rats was investigated. A single subcutaneous administration of CT (80 MRC mU/100 g BW) produced a significant increase in the content of calcium, the activity of pyruvate carboxylase, succinate dehydrogenase and ATPase 15 min after the hormone treatment. The significant increases in calcium content and pyruvate carboxylase activity were also observed 30 min after CT administration, while succinate dehydrogenase and ATPase activity began to decrease. A physiological dose of CT (20 MRC mU/100 g BW) caused a marked increase in calcium content and pyruvate carboxylase activity but not succinate dehydrogenase of ATPase-activity. The removal of calcium by 10 mM EGTA washing of the mitochondria produced a remarkable reduction in pyruvate carboxylase activity increased by CT administration. The addition of calcium ion of 2.5 x 10(-2) - 2.5 x 10(1) nmoles Ca2+ per mg mitochondrial protein produced a marked increase in pyruvate carboxylase activity. The present results suggest that calcium taken up by the hepatic mitochondria after CT administration activates pyruvate carboxylase. PMID- 6213405 TI - Impaired GH secretion due to prolonged treatment with cyproterone acetate. PMID- 6213400 TI - Antidepressant overdosage. PMID- 6213406 TI - HgCl2 inhibition of L-leucine transport in hamster placental slices. PMID- 6213407 TI - Changes in onset of blood lactate accumulation (OBLA) and muscle enzymes after training at OBLA. AB - Eight well-trained middle and long distance male runners added to their regular training program a weekly 20-min treadmill run at a velocity calculated to elicit a blood lactate concentration of 4 mmol X 1-1. VO2 max, the running velocity eliciting 4 mmol X 1-1 blood lactate (VOBLA), and the activities of citrate synthase (CS), phosphofructokinase (PFK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and LDH isozymes in the M. vastus lateralis were determined before and after 14 weeks of this training. Significant increases were observed in VOBLA and the relative fraction of heart-specific LDH, while the activity of PFK and the ratio of PFK/CS decreased after training. The change in VOBLA was negatively correlated to the mean rate of blood lactate accumulation during the last 15 min of the treadmill training runs, and positively correlated to the percentage of slow twitch fibers in the M. vastus lateralis. The data support the hypothesis that a steady state training intensity which approximates VOBLA will increase VOBLA, and will result in measureable local metabolic adaptations in the active skeletal muscles of well trained runners without a significant change in maximal aerobic power. Muscle fiber type composition may be an indicator of the "trainability" of the musculature. PMID- 6213408 TI - Myofibril and sarcoplasmic reticulum changes with exercise and growth. AB - The intent of this study was to observe the effects of different treadmill running programs upon selected biochemical properties of soleus muscle from young rats. Young 10 day litter-mates were assigned to endurance (E), spring (S) and control (C) groups. Each was partitioned into either 21 or 51 day exercising groups and 10 day controls. For C the myofibril ATPase activity at 21 and 51 days were lower than 10 day activity (p less than or equal to 0.05). In the 51 day E group ATPase activity (0.378 +/- 0.009 mumol Pi X mg-1 X min-1) was greater than at 10 and 21 days (0.307 +/- 0.006 and 0.323 +/- 0.008 mumol Pi X mg-1 X min-1) (p less than or equal to 0.05). No change occurred in the S group from 10 to 21 and 51 days (p greater than or equal to 0.05). Both the 21 and 51 day S (0.318 +/ 0.011 and 0.399 +/- 0.010 mumol Pi X mg-1 X min-1) and E (0.323 +/- 0.008 and 0.378 +/- 0.009 mumol Pi X mg-1 X min-1) groups had higher activity compared to the C group (0.193 +/- 0.029 and 0.172 +/- 0.031 mumol Pi X mg-1 X min-1) (p less than or equal to 0.05). Maturation (10--51 day) resulted in a lowered sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) yield and Ca2+ binding (p less than or equal to 0.05) while Ca2+ uptake ability did not change (p greater than or equal to 0.05). SR yield, Ca2+ binding and uptake were not altered with S training (p greater than or equal to 0.05). The E training resulted in greater Ca2+ uptake at 51 days compared to C and S (p less than or equal to 0.05), with no change in Ca2+ binding (p greater than or equal to 0.05). The data suggest that E training alters the normal development pattern of young rat soleus muscle. PMID- 6213409 TI - Residual analysis in determining the error structure in enzyme kinetic data. Simulation experiments and observations on Carcinus maenas phosphofructokinase. AB - The nature of the experimental error in the initial velocities of an enzyme catalysed reaction is required if meaningful least-squares regression is to be applied. When a rate equation more complex that that of Michaelis and Menten is to be solved least-squares techniques are the method of choice and so determination of the error structure becomes mandatory. The use of residual analysis and Tukey's T statistics to determine the weights to use are described. This method has the advantage of requiring no additional experimentation over that required for the primary investigation. Using data obtained for Carcinus maenas phosphofructokinase the variance was found to increase with velocity and was approximated by either an empirical power function, var (vi) alpha vi1.8 or by the function, var (vi) alpha 0.007 + vi2. The latter function is preferred and suggests that the data contains both a constant absolute error and a constant percentage error component. PMID- 6213410 TI - Requirement of a membrane potential for the posttranslational transfer of proteins into mitochondria. AB - Posttranslational transfer of most precursor proteins into mitochondria is dependent on energization of the mitochondria. Experiments were carried out to determine whether the membrane potential or the intramitochondrial ATP is the immediate energy source. Transfer in vitro of precursors to the ADP/ATP carrier and to ATPase subunit 9 into isolated Neurospora mitochondria was investigated. Under conditions where the level of intramitochondrial ATP was high and the membrane potential was dissipated, import and processing of these precursor proteins did not take place. On the other hand, precursors were taken up and processed when the intramitochondrial ATP level was low, but the membrane potential was not dissipated. We conclude that a membrane potential is involved in the import of those mitochondrial precursor proteins which require energy for intracellular translocation. PMID- 6213411 TI - Cardiac involvement in hypertension. A non-invasive study of patients with previous malignant hypertension and 'benign' hypertension. PMID- 6213412 TI - Clinical-echocardiographic correlations in pericardial effusion. PMID- 6213413 TI - Is the inotropic effect of digoxin maintained? An illustrative case report. PMID- 6213414 TI - Abnormally high diffuse activity on bone scintigram. The importance of exposure time for its recognition. AB - When the bone scintigram reveals high diffuse skeletal activity, it may be misinterpreted as normal. Some authors have reported such scintigrams in articles entitled "Significance of absent or faint kidney sign on bone scan" and "False negative bone scintigram". Three cases with bone metastasis showing high diffuse skeletal activity are presented in this paper. The recognition of abnormally high diffuse skeletal activity on bone scintigrams is discussed. The exposure time of all three cases was short when compared with normal cases, when the bone image was taken with a preset count. Therefore, exposure time is very important for objective differentiation between the cases showing high diffuse skeletal activity and normal cases. PMID- 6213415 TI - Adrenal neuroblastoma sympathicum in a 36-year-old woman. PMID- 6213417 TI - A possible mechanism of the tyramine-induced head-twitch response. AB - The effects of monoaminergic drugs on the head-twitch response (HTR) induced by intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection of tyramine (TyA) in mice pretreated with safrazine, a monoamine oxidase inhibitor, were compared with effects on the response induced by the i.c.v. injection of serotonin (5-HT) in safrazine pretreated mice. The HTR induced by both TyA and 5-HT were suppressed by i.p. injection of p-chlorophenylalanine. Chlorimipramine enhanced the 5-HT response but not the TyA response. Dimethothiazine, a serotonergic blocker, reduced both the TyA and 5-HT responses. The i.c.v. injection of p-chlorophenylalanine methylester resulted in a reduction of the TyA response but not of the 5-HT response. The i.c.v. injection of 5,6-dihydroxytryptamine (5,6 DHT) 1 day before the test suppressed the TyA response but enhanced the 5-HT response. The i.c.v. injection of noradrenaline reduced both the TyA and 5-HT responses. The i.c.v. injection of 6-hydroxydopamine, and i.p. injection of alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine and tolazoline accelerated the TyA response. These results suggest that the TyA response may be based on the release of endogenous 5-HT and can be suppressed by the catecholaminergic system. PMID- 6213416 TI - Evidence for a particular binding capacity of rat peritoneal macrophages to rat glomerular mesangial cells in vitro. AB - The adhesion of normal rat peritoneal macrophages to normal rat glomerular epithelial or mesangial cells has been studied in vitro after a 60 min incubation at 37 degree C. After washing, the cell preparations were examined by phase contrast or scanning electron microscopy. Quantitative studies were also performed using macrophages labelled with 99mTc tin colloids. Peritoneal macrophages predominantly adhered to the cultured mesangial cells. The percent age of labelled macrophages adhering to these cells was about 10 times higher than that of labelled macrophages adhering to the cultured epithelial cells. This percentage increased proportionally to the number of labelled macrophages added, and was strongly reduced by the prior incubation of macrophagic cells with aggregated IgG, with anti-fibronectin IgG, or with F(ab')2 fragments of anti fibronectin IgG. Furthermore, the macrophage-mesangial cell interaction was significantly reduced by the prior incubation of mesangial cells with anti fibronectin IgG or with F(ab')2 fragments of anti-fibronectin IgG. The data demonstrate that normal rat peritoneal macrophages preferentially adhere in vitro to normal rat glomerular mesangial cells, and that this binding may be modulated, at least, by: (a) the Fc receptor binding activity of macrophages; (b) the fibronectin molecules available at the surface of macrophages and of mesangial cells. PMID- 6213418 TI - Coronary flow reactions to arachidonic acid are inhibited by docosahexaenoic acid. AB - Arachidonic acid (AA) administered to isolated perfused rat hearts produced coronary vasoconstriction followed by vasodilatation due to biotransformation of AA into vasoactive metabolites. The formation of these metabolites may be blocked with ibuprofen or fenclorac. Slow infusions of docosahexaenoic acid (DHx) resulted in an inhibition of the coronary responses to AA. These results indicate that DHx behaves as a modulator of coronary responses elicited by AA metabolites. PMID- 6213419 TI - Behavioral and neurochemical effects of apomorphine in the cat. AB - Administration of apomorphine (2-10 mg/kg i.p.) elicited a number of behaviors, such as limb flicking, abortive grooming, investigatory and hallucinatory-like responses, head and body shakes, and excessive grooming, which we have previously proposed as an animal model for studying the actions of LSD and related hallucinogens. Repeated administration of apomorphine resulted in a significant tolerance, which occurred within 2 h of the initial injection, and completely dissipated within 24 h. A pronounced LSD-apomorphine cross tolerance was observed; however, there was no significant apomorphine-LSD tolerance. Apomorphine-induced behavioral changes were blocked by prior treatment with haloperidol, but were unchanged by pretreatment with L-DOP[A. Administration of L DOPA, in combination with a peripheral decarboxylase inhibitor, did not elicit these characteristic behavioral changes. Increasing synaptic serotonin levels by monoamine oxidase inhibition, precursor administration, or reuptake blockade in general did not alter the behavioral response to apomorphine. Similarly, pretreatment with serotonin receptor blockers produced no large changes in apomorphine-induced behaviors. Prior serotonin depletion with chronic p chlorophenylalanine administration, however, potentiated certain apomorphine induced behaviors. Neurochemical studies revealed that apomorphine administration increased striatal dopamine, and decreased dopamine metabolites. Norepinephrine levels were generally decreased throughout the CNS by apomorphine treatment. Administration of apomorphine increased CNS serotonin and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid levels, while tryptophan levels were unchanged. The biological bases of the limb flick model is discussed in the context of these pharmacological and neurochemical studies. PMID- 6213420 TI - Colony-forming ability of ataxia-telangiectasia skin fibroblasts is an indicator of their early senescence and increased demand for growth factors. PMID- 6213421 TI - Life span of the wild and mutant nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Effects of sex, sterilization, and temperature. AB - The survival of Caenorhabditis elegans was studied comparing animals of different sexes, sterilized animals, and animals grown at different temperatures as a prelude to more detailed cytological and genetic analysis of aged nematodes. Temperature-sensitive sterile mutants, animals sterilized by 5-fluorodeoxyuridine treatment, and wild-type males showed little difference in life span from that of wild-type hermaphrodites, although slight changes in P (time of beginning of the dying phase) or T1/2 (half-life of the population in the early dying phase) values were observed. At higher temperatures, P and T1/2 values markedly decreased, indicating a shortened life span. Temperature shift between 16 degrees C and 25 degrees C revealed that an increase in life span always involved low temperatures after the adult phase. High temperature treatment during the growing phase or after the adult phase caused an earlier start of the dying phase, but a downward temperature during the adult phase resulted in a great increase in the half-life of the population (T1/2). The results suggest that the life span of C. elegans is rigidly determined by somatic cells and markedly influenced by the effects of temperature on the cells during the post-mitotic state. PMID- 6213422 TI - Inhibition of the achilles tendon reflex by antagonist long-latency postural responses in humans. PMID- 6213424 TI - Neuromuscular spindles in bovine foetuses with hereditary muscle fiber hyperplasia. PMID- 6213423 TI - Effect of diphosphonates on ATP and Pi content, Pi uptake and energy charge of cultured calvaria cells. PMID- 6213425 TI - Incorporation of the antitumor alkaloid thaliblastine in liposomes enhances its cytotoxic activity in vitro. PMID- 6213426 TI - On the structure of the stable complex between plasmin and alpha-2-antiplasmin. PMID- 6213427 TI - Amino acid sequence of a peptide from bovine plasma fibronectin containing a free sulfhydryl group (cysteine). PMID- 6213428 TI - A high affinity Ca2+ -ATPase in C57 black mouse liver plasma membranes. PMID- 6213430 TI - Presence of two distinct adenosine triphosphatase activities in bovine brain microtubules. PMID- 6213429 TI - Regulation of hepatic altro heptulose 1,7-bisphosphate levels and control of flux through the pentose pathway by fructose 2,6-bisphosphate. PMID- 6213431 TI - Myosin phosphorylation regulates the ATPase activity of permeable skeletal muscle fibers. PMID- 6213432 TI - [Teaching dental hygiene to children]. PMID- 6213433 TI - [Tetramisol in anthelmintic nilverm - a professional eczematogenic agent in cattle-breeding (author's transl)]. PMID- 6213434 TI - [Identification of gonorrhoea in women by intraabdominal collection of the material concerned (author's transl)]. PMID- 6213435 TI - Effect of alloxan on phosphate transport in isolated mouse liver mitochondria: influence of pH, and differentiation between influx and efflux of phosphate. AB - The effect of alloxan on inorganic phosphate (Pi) transport in isolated mouse liver mitochondria was studied by swelling techniques. Mitochondria preincubated with alloxan exhibited inhibition of Pi uptake assessed by NH4-Pi, K+-ionophore and acetate/Pi exchange systems, and also inhibition of Pi efflux assessed by the K+-ionophore and FCCP1-ATP systems. The effect on Pi uptake was pH dependent. Swelling in the FCCP-ATP system in the presence of alloxan and NEM was unaffected by rotenone and cysteine but was blocked by oligomycin, whereas the swelling caused by mersalyl was unaffected by rotenone, blocked by oligomycin, and reversed by cysteine. Alloxan stimulated mitochondrial ATPase activity, this effect being blocked by oligomycin. These findings suggest that alloxan causes an irreversible and pH-dependent inhibition of Pi influx and efflux in isolated mouse liver mitochondria. PMID- 6213436 TI - Recapping IYDP. PMID- 6213437 TI - Phenylalkyloxirane carboxylic acids, a new class of hypoglycaemic substances: hypoglycaemic and hypoketonaemic effects of sodium 2-[5-(4-chlorophenyl)-pentyl] oxirane-2-carboxylate (B 807-27) in fasted animals. AB - Phenylalkyloxirane carboxylic acids and esters are a new class of potent hypoglycaemic substances. Sodium 2-[5-(4-chlorophenyl)-pentyl]-oxirane-2 carboxylate (B 807-27) produces a dose-dependent hypoglycaemic effect when administered orally or intravenously to several fasted laboratory animals, i.e. rats (with and without adrenalectomy), guinea pigs, dogs, streptozotocin-treated diabetic pigs and db/db-mice. In addition, the substances have a more pronounced lowering effect on ketone bodies in the blood than any other known substance. The minimal dose for lowering blood glucose significantly in rats is 15 mumol/kg. The corresponding dose for a significant lowering of ketone bodies in the blood is less than 2.4 mumol/kg. Hence, the substance B 807-27 is approximately five times more potent than tolbutamide and 30 times more potent than the biguanide buformin with respect to lowering blood glucose levels. B 807-27 differs from the sulphonylureas in that it fails to stimulate insulin secretion. In contrast to the biguanides, the substance decreases rather than increases blood lactate concentration and blocks both fatty acid oxidation and gluconeogenesis. The therapeutic usefulness of these compounds in diabetic man remains to be elucidated. PMID- 6213438 TI - Contrast echocardiography of the inferior vena cava. AB - M-mode and two-dimensional subcostal contrast echocardiography were used in 67 patients and 10 normal subjects to evaluate the contrast echo effect on the inferior vena cava echogram in relation to the cardiac cycle and respiratory events. No contrast echoes were recorded in the inferior vena cava in normals during normal breathing. Contrast echoes were recorded entering the inferior vena cava in systole in 20 patients with tricuspid regurgitation and in pre-systole in patients with atrial septal defect and left-to-right shunt and in some of the patients with elevated right atrial and ventricular end-diastolic pressure. Forced inspiration increased the contrast echo effect and determined the penetration of microbubbles into the inferior vena cava. This latter feature occurred in all the patients and only in 1 normal subject. The entry of the contrast echoes into the inferior vena cava was attributed to the high right atrial ventricular end-diastolic pressure and to the reversed flow, from the right ventricle to the right atrium and inferior vena cava in tricuspid regurgitation and from the left atrium to the inferior vena cava in atrial septal defect. The contrast echocardiographic diagnosis of tricuspid regurgitation appeared to be most reliable. New encouraging results were obtained by this technique in diagnosing atrial septal defect and left-to-right shunt. The first appearance of the contrast, the time of appearance in relation to the cardiac cycle and the direction of the to and fro motion of contrast echoes were the most important factors considered for a correct diagnosis. PMID- 6213439 TI - [Contribution of M-mode echocardiography and myocardial scintigraphy for study of ECG pattern of left ventricular hypertrophy with giant negative T waves (author's transl)]. AB - Eight normotensive patients with electrocardiographic criteria for left ventricular hypertrophy with giant negative T waves were studied with Thallium 201 imaging and M-mode echocardiography. In all the patients Thallium scanning demonstrated increased thickness of the left ventricular walls. In five of the above cases areas of increased uptake were noted in the apical region which had increased thickness as compared to the rest of the left ventricular wall. Echocardiography showed in one subject obstructive hypertrophic myocardiopathy and in another two asymmetric septal hypertrophy. In the remaining patients there was always present septal and posterior wall hypertrophy. Reliable echocardiograms of the apex were done in five subjects and in these hypertrophy was noted. The results of the two techniques were compared and correlated clinically and with the literature. The authors conclude in agreement with other studies that the picture of electrocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy with giant negative T waves is indicative of hypertrophic myocardiopathies. Specifically, for us, the apical hypertrophy may be the only feature of the myocardiopathy or be part of a generalized left ventricular hypertrophy which is usually asymmetric septal hypertrophy. PMID- 6213440 TI - [Evaluation of left ventricular ejection fraction by means of a non-invasive technic: the "nuclear stethoscope"]. PMID- 6213441 TI - Gastric deformity following cardiac surgery. PMID- 6213442 TI - [Ectopic pregnancy: changes in diagnostic procedures? (author's transl)]. AB - Patients with ectopic pregnancy and those suspected having ectopic pregnancy were reviewed in a twenty years interval (1957-59, 1977-79). These patients were evaluated with regard to medical history, clinical and laboratory findings, diagnostic procedures, and clinical course. The diagnostic usefulness of symptoms and diagnostic procedures is expressed in terms of sensitivity and specificity. According to our results laparoscopy is an ideal procedure for early diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy. Nevertheless, puncture of the Douglas pouch in our experience has its place as a diagnostic tool in the diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy. PMID- 6213443 TI - [Operative complications of laparoscopic tubal sterilization with Bleier clips (author's transl)]. AB - The operative complications of 1613 laparoscopic tubal sterilization with Bleier clips were evaluated in a prospective study at the Stadtkrankenhaus Offenbach/M from March 1978 to July 1981 (1239 interval and 374 postabortal procedures; two puncture technique under general endotracheal anaesthesia). No major complications requiring laparotomy occurred. Minor intraoperative complications were observed in 8.4% of cases. Clip-related problems were encountered in 1.9% (slight tubal or mesosalpingeal bleeding). Other complications included haemorrhage at the puncture site (2.4%), preperitoneal emphysema (1.8%) and uterine perforation during curettage (1,6%). Technical difficulties were recorded in 8,4% of sterilizations; in 6.6% more than one clip per tube was placed to effect complete tubal occlusion. Adnexal pathology prohibited bilateral clip application in 4 women (0.3%). Postoperative complications were negligible. No pregnancies have yet been reported during a mean follow-up period of 17 months. A successful refertilization procedure was performed on one patient. It is concluded that this technique represents a commendable alternative to convention methods of tubal sterilization due to its low operative morbidity, acceptable contraceptive safety and potential reversibility. PMID- 6213444 TI - Effect of photoperiod on the testicular steroidogenesis of the bank vole (Clethrionomys glareolus, Schreber): an in vitro study. PMID- 6213445 TI - [Medical genetic study of the population of Turkmenia. II. Study of the distribution of hereditary pathology in 5 regions of Tashauz Province]. AB - The large-scale screening for hereditary diseases in five regions of the Tashauz province was carried out. More than 50 families represented by persons with different nosological forms of hereditary diseases, were found. The role of drift in rare mutant gene dynamics was shown. The load of hereditary diseases was mainly connected with autosomal recessive forms and shown to vary between the regions from 0,34 to 1,29 pro mille. PMID- 6213446 TI - Transcription termination: sequence and function of the rho-independent tL3 terminator in the major leftward operon of bacteriophage lambda. AB - For cloning, assaying the function and sequencing terminators, we have constructed the pD12 plasmid, in which the late promotor p'R of phage lambda controls the expression of the galK gene of the pK03 plasmid of McKenney et al. (1981). The lambda tL3 terminator region was cloned in this plasmid between the promoter and the galK gene, and found to be 90-94% effective in preventing galactokinase expression in both rho+ and rho- hosts. Is is also active in vitro, both in the presence or absence of the rho factor. The termination point is located at 4320 bp to the left of the SL startpoint of the PL-RNA, just downstream of gene exo. We have sequenced 356 bp of the hitherto uncharted lambda DNA to the right of the TaqI cut, which in turn is 110 bp to the right of the b522 deletion at 63.9% lambda. The tL3 terminator has several features common to other rho-independent termination sequences, including an 81% G+C-rich region of 2X8-bp symmetry ("stem") with a 5-bp intervening "loop", partially overlapping and followed by a sequence transcribed into the pyrimidine-rich CCUUUCU-OH 3' terminus of the RNA. The termination point that follows the last U was determined by the S1 mapping technique. PMID- 6213447 TI - Cloning and characterization of the termination site tI for the gene int transcript in phage lambda. PMID- 6213448 TI - The ten major problems of aging skin. PMID- 6213449 TI - DHEA: "miracle" drug? PMID- 6213450 TI - [Hygienic evaluation of a method for treating sewage from a swine-breeding farm complex on irrigated cropped fields]. PMID- 6213451 TI - [Hygienic aspects of the social and vocational rehabilitation of the disabled in industry]. PMID- 6213452 TI - [Methodological problems of studying the effect of air pollution on the health status of the pediatric population]. PMID- 6213453 TI - [Readiness of obese children for school]. PMID- 6213454 TI - [Fundamental aspects of the work organization of health officers in industrial hygiene at rural district epidemiological health stations]. PMID- 6213455 TI - [Hygienic evaluation of atmospheric pollution by vanadium pentoxide]. PMID- 6213456 TI - [Hygienic characteristics of the microclimate of the Tashkent subway]. PMID- 6213457 TI - [Hygienic evaluation of the working conditions of female workers in rope and cable manufacture]. PMID- 6213458 TI - [Morbidity of personnel in roentgen-diagnostic laboratories]. PMID- 6213459 TI - [Industrial hygiene problems in cultivating tobacco seedlings on modern tobacco farms]. PMID- 6213460 TI - [Changes in the 11-hydroxycorticosteroid content and fractions in the blood of triacetate production workers]. PMID- 6213461 TI - [Changes in the innervation of the abdominal wall of women with EPH gestosis]. PMID- 6213462 TI - [Genetic counseling and prenatal diagnosis in multiple pregnancy]. PMID- 6213463 TI - Comparative electron microscopic and cytochemical studies on the cuticle and the hypodermis of Trichinella nativa (Britov et Boev, 1972) and T. pseudospiralis (Garkavi, 1972). AB - Using cytochemical methods, we disclosed both in the cuticle and the hypodermis of two-day-old females of T. nativa and T. pseudospiralis, in the area of the oesophagus, these substances: Cystine-containing proteins of the SS group, carbohydrates, acidic mucopolysaccharides (AMS), acid phosphatase (ACP) and a nonspecific esterase (NE). A regularly transverse striation (striae) in the cuticle reacts strongly with the method for cystine-containing proteins, weakly for carbohydrates, and negatively for AMS. Striae are present in most parts of the cuticle of T, nativa. By contrast, the amorphous cuticle of T. pseudospiralis is not striated, it stains for carbohydrates and AMS. The cuticular surface of both Trichinella species is made up of a carbohydrate matrix visible only in cytochemical reactions. By contrast to the cuticle of T. pseudospiralis, the electron density of the cuticle of T. nativa is increased by transverse extensions of the outer, hypodermal membrane which contain numerous muscle tendons terminating in desmosomes. Muscle extensions together with lysosomes entering the hypodermis react for NE and cystine, but not for ACP. The number and configuration of hypodermal glands influences the ornamentation of the cuticle. A secretion released from these glands reacts for carbohydrates and proteins. Together with the carbohydrate coat known to be present on the surface of Trichinella species, they might bring about an immunity reaction in the host. PMID- 6213465 TI - [Early clinical experience with nuclear magnetic resonance (author's transl)]. AB - Previous work on adults with carcinomas, benign polyps, postoperative changes or inflammatory or radiation induced swellings in the facial skeleton has shown that it is possible to demonstrate the local anatomy, and particularly the orbits and sinuses without subjecting the patients to radiation. Differentiation between fat, oedema and malignant tissue appears to be possible, as has been demonstrated by our early cases. Early attempts at examining the trunk could only be carried out in infants. These suggest that in the thorax and abdomen differentiation of anatomical structures is not possible. The value of nuclear magnetic resonance in clinical diagnosis is still uncertain. Its advantage depends on the ability to differentiate tissues because of their varying water content. It raises the possibility of differentiating soft tissues by a non-invasive method and without using radiation. Further investigations are necessary in order to evaluate the clinical usefulness of the new technique. The physical basis of the method, compared with conventional radiology, permits only guarded optimism. PMID- 6213464 TI - ATPases: common and unique features within a group of enzymes. AB - An attempt is made to survey ATPases with respect to features common to all or some of them and features peculiar to each individual enzyme of the group. Clues are presented for a tentative classification of ATPases and a simple system is suggested for the designation of interaction of ATPases with ions which is often used as the main feature of identification of individual ATPases. PMID- 6213466 TI - [Examination of the extracranial carotid artery with a high resolution B scanner. A comparison with carotid angiography (author's transl)]. AB - Patients with cerebro-vascular insufficiency in stages I to IV had their extracranial carotid arteries examined with a high resolution real time ultrasound scanner. In 227 cases, carotid angiograms were available for comparison. Provided good image quality was obtained, sonography was able to distinguish with certainty between a normal and a pathological narrowed vascular lumen. Mural changes could be shown down to 0.5 mm. Under suitable conditions it was possible to differentiate between smooth and irregular plaques. Occasionally, ulcers were visible. High resolutions real time sonography is the only noninvasive method which provides information on the appearance and movements of vascular walls and of changes within these. It is possible to detect atherosclerotic changes at an early stage without risk, and to observe their development. PMID- 6213467 TI - [Balloon occlusion test before carotid ligature (author's transl)]. AB - The risk of ligating one carotid artery was tested by balloon occlusion of that vessel for a period of 30 to 60 minutes, during which time contralateral carotid angiography was carried out as well as an EEG and xenon-133 blood flow measurements. The procedure was carried out on seven patients, two showed a reduction in cerebral blood flow without EEG changes. In one patient the contralateral circulation could not be demonstrated by angiography. Carotid ligation was carried out in 5 of 7 patients. Neurological complications were not observed. PMID- 6213468 TI - [The value of CT in the pre-operative diagnosis of disc prolapse (author's transl)]. AB - A disc prolapse can be directly visualised by CT. Forty patients with a clinical diagnosis of disc prolapse were examined pre-operatively. The following criteria were noted: 1. Level, 2. lateralisation, 3. medial or lateral position, 4. differentiation between protrusion and sequestration, 5 displacement of the sequestrum. In 38 patients surgery was performed. Criteria 1 to 3 had been correctly diagnosed in 35 and 34 resp. and Ct proved equally reliable in respect of criteria 4 and 5. It is concluded that the combination of clinical examination and CT provides adequate diagnostic information before surgery. Myelography should be used only where there is still doubt. PMID- 6213469 TI - [Congenital left-sided pericardial defects (author's transl)]. AB - Left-sided pericardial defects appear to be more common than is generally thought. Five such patients have been seen in the last two years. The typical findings on x-ray, CT and cardiac ultrasound are described. Proof of the condition is the increased mobility of the left cardiac contour and of its dorsal margin as shown by left and right decubitus films, by films of the supine patient taken with a horizontal beam, fluoroscopy in inspiration and expiration and computer tomography of the heart in left and right decubitus position. Recognition of the anomaly is of importance, since it may spare the patient surgical treatment. PMID- 6213470 TI - [Hypervascularisation in diabetic patients shown by angiography (author's transl)]. AB - Two diabetic patients are described who showed widened and tortuous arteries, increased blood flow and increased filling of small arteries, with simultaneous filling of arteries and veins (increased flow through arterio-venous anastomoses). In one patient, during an observation period of four years, occlusion of both common iliacs developed, as well as a block of one femoral artery and mural changes in the other. Inthe second patient, areas of occlusion and hypervascularisation co-existed. The first patient showed osteolytic changes, also involving the joints, whereas the second patient developed diffuse rarefaction of the bones in the leg and foot. Ischaemic necroses developed inthe soft tissues in both patients and leg amputation was therefore carried out. The angiographic and skeletal findings, however, suggest that the soft tissues suffered trophic changes which should be regarded as a secondary complication of the ischaemia. PMID- 6213471 TI - [An animal experimental model for evaluating endothelial damage caused by various angiographic contrast media (author's transl)]. AB - The endothelial damage caused by X-ray contrast media is tested on "en face preparations" of the rat aorta after silver staining. Hypertonic contrast media cause dehydration of the vessels so that solutions of silver nitrate penetrate into the media during the phase of rehydration whereby medial transverse lines are stained. These artifacts can be avoided by 3 minutes rehydration of the vessels by Ringer solution prior to silver staining. In addition it is recommended to add highly diluted silver nitrate to the fixing media in order to intensify the pattern of the endothelial silver lines. Modern contrast media may cause very little endothelial damage, however, significant differences can be detected when in addition to the evaluation of larger foci damages of single endothelial cells ("brown cells" with sparing of the nuclei and "pseudonuclei") are evaluated as well. No significant differences were found between the endothelial toxicity of meglumin diatrizoate and meglumin iothalamate. PMID- 6213472 TI - [The value of hysterosalpingographic findings in sterility investigations (author's transl)]. AB - In the material presented, at least 117 women examined with hysterosalpingography became pregnant. Most of the pregnancies (68%) occurred within one year after the radiological examination. Clinical data is failing in many of the other cases, but 66 women were still infertile more than three years after the examination. The hysterosalpingographic findings of a group who got pregnant without any surgery and delivered at full term (73 patients) have been compared to the group of women still infertile and with a healthy partner (50 patients) and with another group of women, whose pregnancies ended in abortion (19 patients). No radiological signs is seen only in one of the groups but pathological changes of the oviducts are more common in the infertility group. Extreme positions of the uterus, irregularities of the cervical canal etc show no difference between the groups. Such findings in the uterus and the cervical canal are of no prognostic value. PMID- 6213473 TI - [Tuberculosis of the calcaneus. Treatment and differential diagnosis (author's transl)]. AB - Eight lesions in the calcaneus have been treated surgically between 1955 and 1979; of these, six were due to tuberculosis, one to chronic osteomyelitis and the other was a cyst. The diagnosis was confirmed bacteriologically and histologically. In all cases (average age 49.1 years) the human bacillus was proved to be the cause of an haematogenous infection. The lesion was confined to the posterior part of the bone and there was no extension into the calcaneo navicular joint. Two patients presented with fistulae. The interval from the onset of symptoms to confirmation of the diagnosis averaged 9.1 months. Three patients had previously been treated for tuberculosis (lung, pleura, kidney) and another patient, who had a simultaneous tuberculous infection of a sternoclavicular joint had suffered from tuberculosis cervical lymphadenitis at the age of nine years.U PMID- 6213474 TI - X-ray diagnostic sign for the differentiation of neurogenic and primary muscular diseases. AB - The authors give an account of x-ray examinations of the limb musculature of 70 patients suffering from neurogenic muscular diseases, 42 suffering from primary muscular diseases and 45 suffering from senile degeneration of the muscles. Different degree of damage to different parts of the same muscle could only been observed in one case of neurogenic atrophy (in the post-poliomyelitic state) and in two cases of senile degeneration, while it was found in 11 cases (20%) for the other muscular diseases. In the latter cases the more severe muscle damage, which could be demonstrated radiographically, was always found in the part of the muscle adjacent to a tendon. On the above reasons the authors consider that radiographically demonstrable partial or uneven damage to any particular muscle can be used as a new diagnostical information in distinguishing muscular diseases from neurogenic muscular atrophy. PMID- 6213475 TI - [The radiological features of arthrogryposis multiplex congenita (author's transl)]. PMID- 6213476 TI - Multifocal recurrent periostitis. Report of two cases. AB - Two case reports of recurrent multifocal periostitis in two girls aged 15 and 6 are added to the eight cases already reported in the literature. The disease is characterized clinically by recurrent mesomelic swelling of the extremities and radiologically by periosteal thickening and sclerosis of underlying bone. Hyperglobulinaemia is the most constant biochemical finding. The bone biopsy shows no typical features. The possibility of a viral etiology is discussed. PMID- 6213477 TI - Fatal pulmonary haemorrhage following Rotex screw needle percutaneous pulmonary biopsy. PMID- 6213478 TI - [Combined thermal vascular damage. A case report]. PMID- 6213479 TI - [Left cervical position anomaly of the aortic arch with formation of an aneurysm]. PMID- 6213480 TI - Right ventricular aneurysm in childhood. About one case with review of the literature. PMID- 6213481 TI - [Case report on the disease picture of myositis ossificans localisata]. PMID- 6213482 TI - [A healed dens fracture in an unusual malposition]. PMID- 6213483 TI - [Extraosseous collection of 99mTc-methylenediphosphate in dermatomyositis]. PMID- 6213484 TI - [Neonatal adrenal hemorrhage in the sonogram]. PMID- 6213485 TI - [Calcinosis of the vas deferens]. PMID- 6213486 TI - [Computer-aided diagnosis of bone tumours and tumour-like skeletal abnormalities in childhood (author's transl)]. AB - The method, use and results of computer-aided diagnosis of bone tumours and tumour-like skeletal abnormalities in childhood are described. One hundred and twenty-one histologically verified cases were analysed and subjected to computer aided diagnosis. Statistical methods were used, resulting in an accuracy of 96.7% and 91.7% respectively. In order to obtain additional confirmation of the diagnosis, a so-called growth rate was calculated by the computer. This proved to be a reliable criterion for evaluating the biological behaviour of tumours, irrespective of the histological diagnosis. The reasons for misdiagnosis were discussed. Attention is drawn to the importance of an accurate analysis of the radiographs and its input into the computer. PMID- 6213487 TI - [Computer-tomographic evaluation of tumors of the pelvis (author's transl)]. AB - Some cases selected from a group of 35 patients with bone tumors of the pelvis (16 primary, 15 secondary malignant neoplasia, 3 semimalignant tumors, and 1 benign tumor) serve to demonstrate the significant information gained by computed tomography. In bone tumors of the pelvis neither conventional radiography nor angiography render reliable information about the extent of the tumor. Computed tomography is helpful in showing the intra- and extraosseous extent of the lesion, in demonstrating the relationship of the tumor to the organs in the neighbourhood, in measuring of volume and density and discovering the recurrence of tumor. PMID- 6213488 TI - [The value of oral gastrografin in the diagnosis of ileus (author's transl)]. AB - One hundred and thirty examinations with oral gastrografin were performed in 110 patients with obstructive symptoms, who did not require immediate operation. They consisted of 49 patients with mechanical ileus, eighteen patients with paralytic ileus and 63 patients with incomplete mechanical ileus. All patients with complete mechanical and three patients with paralytic ileus were investigated surgically and treated in this way. Small bowel transit time longer than five hours provides considerable certainty of complete mechanical ileus. The method has been tried for four years; it makes few demands on the patient and has practically no contra-indications, except for deranged electrolyte balance. In children, the amount of contrast medium should be limited and it should be diluted or an isotonic contrast medium should be used. The method provides definite differentiation between mechanical and functional obstruction. In patients with adhesions and recurrent incomplete obstruction, further laparotomies may be avoided in this way. PMID- 6213489 TI - [An analysis of the diagnostic information derived from screening as against films during radiological examination of the stomach (author's transl)]. AB - The value of screening procedures (with image intensifiers and television monitor) was compared with films during the radiological examination of the stomach, using a double contrast method. In one experiment, the diagnostic accuracy of experienced radiologists using screening only was compared with standardised films. There was a definite improvement using films. The reason for this was not the difference in the technical excellence of the images, but depended on the cognitive processes which lead the doctor to a diagnosis. For this purpose, static pictures provide a better basis than dynamic, rapidly changing and brief views seen during screening. The results lead to certain considerations concerning the methods for the radiological examination of the stomach. PMID- 6213490 TI - [The fascial planes round the rectum. Anatomic and computer tomographic correlations (author's transl)]. AB - About 1000 patients mostly with rectal carcinomas but also with hematomas, abscesses and soft tissue tumors received CT-examinations of the posterior compartment of the pelvis before and after surgical treatment and radiation therapy. The morphology of the perirectal space is demonstrated under normal and pathologic conditions and can be compared with the current anatomical knowledge. Special attention has been focussed on the site of the so called "Hullfaszien" or "Grenzlamellen" of the rectum and the division of the perirectal space. Nomenclature and description of the perirectal fasciae and spaces are somewhat controversial. Therefore misinterpretations of pathologic CT-findings are not uncommon. PMID- 6213491 TI - Redistribution of pulmonary blood flow in pneumonia patients under the influence of gravitation. AB - In 120 pneumonia patients studied by means of chest radiography, an alteration of density of consolidated areas was detected, depending on the spatial position of the patient during investigation. The pneumonic consolidation shadow grew denser when the radiograph was taken in horizontal position with the damaged lung on the lower side. In contrast to this, the shadow density was markedly diminished when the patient was turned on the opposite (healthy) side. Such quick changing of the radiographic image is explained as a consequence of gravitational influence on the pulmonary circulation. In 20 patients with bronchial carcinoma, changing of the shadow density of the damaged area was very slight. It is believed that this difference may be useful in the identification and diagnosis of these diseases. PMID- 6213492 TI - [Radiological examination of the thoracic organs for persistent foetal circulation (author's transl)]. AB - The radiological changes seen on chest x-rays of five children with persistent foetal circulation are analysed. There is inconstant cardiac enlargement and a reticulo-nodular appearance of the lungs, indicating interstitial oedema with heart failure. The value of the chest x-ray consists mainly in excluding a pulmonary or a characteristic cardiac abnormality as a cause of dyspnoea; it does not provide direct diagnostic information. PMID- 6213493 TI - [Rhabdomyosarcoma of the pulmonary artery (author's transl)]. AB - A case of a 55-year-old man with the histological diagnosis rhabdomyosarcoma of the left pulmonary artery has been seen. Lung scanning and pulmonary arteriography are the clues for the diagnostical procedure. 55 cases from the literature are reviewed and clinical findings of the early and late stages of the diseases are discussed. Surgical treatment is the therapy of choice if ever possible; aggressive chemotherapy might be an acceptable alternative. PMID- 6213494 TI - [Scintigraphic and angiographic control of high-dose local streptokinase treatment of central pulmonary emboli (author's transl)]. AB - We describe thirteen patients who were treated by high doses of local streptokinase given for acute central pulmonary emboli. In order to reduce the risks of this treatment, we have developed a diagnostic-therapeutic scheme which has been applied to these patients uniformly. The scheme includes diagnosis made by scintigraphy and pulmonary angiography, thrombolysis by the application of high doses locally and continuous scintigraphic and angiographic control until the thrombus has disappeared totally, or at least to a large extent. The considerations for high-dose local treatment are discussed. Apart from one episode of bleeding which could be controlled, there were no local complications from the indwelling catheter. The oldest patient in the group, who suffered from obesity and severe generalised arterio-sclerosis, died on the second day of treatment from an intracranial haemorrhage. A second patient with subtotal embolisation died six hours after the beginning of treatment from therapy resistant shock. The other patients were cured as far as their macroscopic emboli were concerned. Relapsing microembolism occurred in one patient after three months; the other patients remained free from relapsing pulmonary emboli. PMID- 6213495 TI - Myocardial uptake of thallous ion in animals. AB - The details of the metabolism of thallium are still unknown. The former hypothesis that 201thallium as used for myocardial imaging follows a potassium like metabolism was called in question after animal experiments with rats and guinea-pigs. A critical review basing on these results and the results of patients' assessments and electro- and quantum-chemical experiments and calculations shows that the mode of the uptake of thallium into myocardial tissue is not in accordance with the uptake of potassium into living tissue. PMID- 6213496 TI - [Computed tomography for injuries of the liver and spleen (author's transl)]. PMID- 6213497 TI - [Liver hemangioma--an angiographic contribution to the differential diagnosis of sonographic lesions (author's transl)]. AB - Small liver hemangiomas are displayed as echogenic as well as sonolucent patterns on ultrasonic scans. Differentiation from malignomas is difficult and responsible, hepatomas and solitary metastases being possible. By partial liver resection the malignant diseases can be treated successfully. Therefore an accurate diagnosis is to be aimed at. Of all the methods only angiography can ensure a certain amount of clarity. This is possible under the following circumstances: The cavernomas must be of a certain size. They must not withdraw from evidence due to large avascular areas which can result from thrombosis, fibrosis or necrosis. Moreover a superselective filling of the hepatic artery is claimed but not always possible. If the portal vein is opacified it conceals the radiologically typical image of the cavernoma. Under these circumstances only few moments of the late arterial and the hepatovenous phases remain to detect the hemangioma in the seriogram. PMID- 6213498 TI - Computed tomography of carcinoma of the ampulla of Vater. AB - CT findings were studied in 14 cases with carcinoma of the ampulla of Vater which were all proved by surgery. At pre-operation period, only 4 cases (29%) were accurately diagnosed and other 10 cases (71%) were misinterpreted on CT. The most concomitant error was a confusion with the pancreatic head carcinoma (57%). Although a mass was retrospectively visualized in 4 cases, indirect signs were rather prominent, such as enlargement of the pancreatic head (57%), dilatation of the pancreatic duct (71%) and that of the common bile duct (79%). PMID- 6213499 TI - [Computer tomographic diagnosis of malignant tumours of the larynx (author's transl)]. PMID- 6213500 TI - [Pendulation of choanal polyp detected by tomography (author's transl)]. AB - Three cases of antro-choanal polyps are discussed. It was possible to detect pendulation of the parts of the polyps situated in the epipharynx by comparison of AP x-ray films with lateral tomographic series exposed with the patient in lateral recumbent position. Computerized tomography could be used for examination and detection of pendulation in a similar way. As pendulation is possible only in stalked epipharyngeal processes it seems reasonable to use this phenomenon as a diagnostic sign of choanal polyps. PMID- 6213501 TI - [Intravenous subtraction angiography (ISA). Technique and application (author's transl)]. AB - Indirect arteriography of the abdominal aorta was performed in 171 patients by means of an intravenous bolus injection followed by conventional photographic image subtraction; the renal arteries were shown in 125 patients, the aortic arch and neck vessels in 20, peripheral vascular occlusions after percutaneous transluminal angioplasty in 17 and A-V shunts in dialysis patients in seven. The technique of injection, radiography and subtraction is described and the required dose compared with that for renal angiotomography. Provided the patient is adequately prepared, both renal arteries can be adequately demonstrated by ISA in 90% of patients. Using high-intensification screens, renal ISA requires less than half the dose necessary for angiotomography with a tomographic box and is suitable as a valuable screening method in conjunction with excretion urography. In the extremities, ISA produced adequate demonstration of stenoses, the vessel wall and collaterals. ISA of A-V shunts in haemodialysis patients is to be preferred to peripheral I-V xero-arteriography. PMID- 6213502 TI - [Stomach wall necrosis as a complication of selective proximal vagotomy]. PMID- 6213503 TI - [Rare causes of multiple filling defects of the colon. Report on a colonic involvement in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and pneumatosis cystoides coli]. PMID- 6213504 TI - [Rare anomalies of the biliary tract]. PMID- 6213505 TI - [Changes in the chest radiograph in Goodpasture's syndrome]. PMID- 6213506 TI - [Aneurysm of the pulmonary artery in Fallot's tetralogy]. PMID- 6213507 TI - [Mediastinal teratoma--its course over a 25-year period]. PMID- 6213508 TI - [Bilateral angiomyolipomatosis of the kidneys with extensive lung involvement in Bourneville-Pringle disease]. PMID- 6213509 TI - [Abortive form of tuberous sclerosis--falsely diagnosed as congenital bilateral cystic kidneys]. PMID- 6213510 TI - [A case of blind bifid ureter]. PMID- 6213511 TI - [Radiological findings in pseudohypoparathyroidism]. PMID- 6213512 TI - [Late spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia. A case report]. PMID- 6213513 TI - [Importance of the CT axial projection for the evaluation of pharyngeal injuries]. PMID- 6213514 TI - [Computer tomographic evaluation of free fatty tissue grafts following laminectomy]. PMID- 6213515 TI - [The use of semi-flexible cannulae for the introduction of drainage catheters and endoprostheses into the bile ducts (author's transl)]. PMID- 6213516 TI - [The accessory diaphragm]. PMID- 6213517 TI - Gastric angiodysplasia: a case report. PMID- 6213518 TI - [Intraluminal duodenal diverticulum. Roentgenologic and surgical findings]. PMID- 6213519 TI - [Unusual foreign body in the duodenal bulb: a mucus plug]. PMID- 6213520 TI - [Ultrasonics as an aid in the diagnosis of a case of chronic diarrhea]. PMID- 6213521 TI - Ultrasound examination of the thyroid. AB - Ultrasound examination of the thyroid offers an accurate morphological picture and the possibility of comparing objectively the size of lobes and lesions over long periods. Cysts and calcifications, mostly benign, are readily recognized. Neoplastic lesions in our series were all less reflective than normal thyroid tissue. But so were the majority of benign nodules. In hyperthyroidism, subacute thyroiditis and Hashimoto's thyroiditis, the thyroid tissue is much less echogenic than in the normal gland. PMID- 6213522 TI - [Sonography of the upper abdomen in cystic fibrosis (author's transl)]. AB - Ultrasound scans of the upper abdomen were carried out in fifty patients with cystic fibrosis (age 2 to 26 years). 38% showed an abnormal hepatic sonogram. On eight occasions it was possible to confirm these changes by a liver biopsy. In 14% there was homogenous increase in liver echoes. 22% showed an non-homogeneous liver structure due to fibrotic and cirrhotic changes and cholangitis. Four of these patients had splenomegaly due to portal hypertension. 85% of the pancreatic scans which could be evaluated showed small pancreases with high echoes. Cholelithiasis was not present in any. Sonography of the upper abdomen is the method of choice for evaluating the liver, biliary system, pancreas and spleen. PMID- 6213523 TI - [Sonographic findings in the Cruveilhier-von Baumgarten syndrome (author's transl)]. AB - Portal hypertension is the most common complication of cirrhosis of the liver and leads to a reversal of blood flow and re-opening of pre-formed portal-systemic collaterals. Amongst a variety of possible hepato-fugal collaterals, the Cruveilhier-von Baumgarten syndrome, consisting of the re-opening of umbilical veins, is a rare variant. It has been possible to demonstrate this clearly by sonography in 18 patients. PMID- 6213524 TI - [Ultrasound controlled puncture of renal cysts: biochemical and radiological findings (author's transl)]. AB - Ultrasonographically-guided renal cyst puncture was done in 128 patients on outpatient basis. Cortical renal cysts were seen in both male and female patients in an equal ratio. Mean age was 59.6 years. Complication rate of percutaneous puncture was low. Only twice transient haematuria was observed, needing no treatment. Aspirated fluids were examined cytologically and biochemically. None of the aspirated specimens showed malignant cells. Biochemically lactate dehydrogenase activity and concentrations of total protein, cholesterol, triglycerides, potassium and creatinine were determined. Potassium and creatinine determination were found to be valuable in distinguishing between cystic-like lesions containing secondary urine (like caliceal cysts, hydronephrosis, urinoma) and those containing primary urine (like cortical renal cysts). Thus measurement of potassium and creatinine in aspirated fluids may be helpful in determining the need for open exploratory surgery. In cases where cystic lesions produce urographically visible defects of the pelvic system, a dilatation of this area after evacuation of the cyst can be demonstrated via intravenous urography. PMID- 6213525 TI - Cranial real-time ultrasound in premature neonates. AB - Two hundred and seventy-three ultrasound examinations in 140 premature infants were performed with a transportable real-time scanner. Evidence for intracranial pathology was found in 86 (61%) of infants. In 66 infants (47%) a hemorrhage and in 79 infants (56%) ventricular dilatation was present. Choroid plexus larger than 12 mm was suggestive for either a bleeding into or onto the plexus. Cavum septi pellucidi was present in 72% of examined infants. PMID- 6213526 TI - [Reconstruction in coronal and sagittal planes of CT scans compared with two dimensional echo-encephalography in neonates and infants (author's transl)]. AB - Two-dimensional echo-encephalography using the fontanelle and open sutures as an "acoustic window" for the skull has offered a new possibility of investigating at least in part the morphological conditions inside the skull. We considered it necessary to examine the value of these new methods by checking the sonographic findings by means of cranial CT. The possibility of modern data processing when employing CT enables the visualisation of the coronal and sagittal planes which can be covered by echo-encephalography. Since it involves low stress for the patient and since it is a practicable method, two-dimensional echo encephalography is very suitable for screening and for checking on the status of the patient. Since CT can visualise the overall situation inside the skull with greater accuracy, it remains indispensable as a basic examination method, depending on the overall clinical signs and symptoms. PMID- 6213527 TI - Anatomico-radiological study of intraosseous epidermoid cysts. AB - Anatomico-radiological study of 8 cases of intraosseous epidermoid cysts (1 in the skull, 6 in distal phalanges of the hand, 1 in distal phalanx of the foot with invasion of the adjacent joint). The epithelium was malpighian with hyperkeratosis (therefore the scales filled the cavity), sometimes with parakeratosis and even dyskeratosis but without signs of malignancy. The adjacent connective tissue and bone reactions were more active in the phalanx than in the skull and this could explain the frequent pain in the phalanges. The bone remodelling explains the radiological pictures and sustains the differential diagnosis. In 5 out of the 8 cases (particularly in the skull) a history of previous local trauma was present. However, the etiological importance of trauma should be discussed with respect to that of dysembryoplasia. PMID- 6213528 TI - [Massive osteolysis (Gorham-Stout's syndrome) with local neurofibromatosis (author's transl)]. AB - The rare condition of massive osteolysis is illustrated by a 75-year-old man with involvement of the right arm which began at the age of 16. Serial radiographs over a period of 33 years are compared. In addition to the typical haemangiomatous vascular proliferation and connective tissue growth in the affected bone, there were also changes in the peripheral nerves, such as neurinomas and neurofibromas, which have not been previously described. Arteriography is usually not able to demonstrate the angiomatous tissue, but this was convincingly seen by means of sequential scintigraphy (99mTc-MDP). This finding, with absence of uptake on a subsequent bone scan, may be regarded as the typical isotope finding in massive osteolysis. PMID- 6213529 TI - [Radiological changes in the region of the patella in chronic alcoholics (author's transl)]. AB - The author has reviewed the changes in the patello-femoral joint seen on plain films in 41 male alcoholics. These are due to the effect of hyperlipoproteinaemia type IV on the patello-femoral joint. These joints show bilateral secondary arthrosis. At the same time as these erosions and defects of the articular surface develop, there are also changes in the femoro-tibial joint. PMID- 6213531 TI - [Angiomatous dysplasia (Weber type) (author's transl)]. AB - A rare form of angiomatous dysplasia with hypotrophy of the left arm is described. Numerous haemodynamically significant arterio-venous fistulae could be demonstrated in the soft tissues and in bone. The venous and lymphatic systems were normal. The lacunar reticular-cystic changes in the spongiosa of the phalanges are pathognomonic of arterial angiodysplasia of the Weber type. In most cases this is associated with bone hypertrophy. PMID- 6213532 TI - [The normal anatomy of the pulmonary hili on computed tomography (author's transl)]. PMID- 6213530 TI - [Extramedullary haematopoiesis as a cause of a paravertebral mass in the thorax (author's transl)]. AB - The radiological due to extensive extramedullary haematopoiesis taking place in the posterior mediastinum in two patients are described, and the literature is reviewed. Characteristic features are a polycyclic or spindle-shaped configuration of the mass, with bilateral paravertebral localisation in the caudal and middle third of the thorax. There is absence of inflammatory or neoplastic changes in the neighbouring skeleton, but in thalassaemia there may be changes in the paravertebral portion of the ribs. Computer tomographically, the combination of a solid paravertebral tumour, with adjacent rib changes, is characteristic of thalassaemia with extramedullary haematopoiesis. In the absence of other skeletal changes, computed tomography is valuable for differential diagnosis. Lymphomas occur considerably more often and may appear identical but, because of the well know fat content of myolipoma, the scan shows contrast values between -15 and + 40 HU. Because of their high vascularity, there is a marked increase in density following intravenous contrast medium. PMID- 6213533 TI - [Video-densitometric demonstration of abnormal movement of the left ventricle compared with results of levocardiography (author's transl)]. AB - Video-densitograms of the heart of 46 patients were obtained in three projections; these patients had clinically and angiocardiographically confirmed coronary disease of varying severity, or suffered from cardiomyopathy or were normal. The results were compared with levocardiography. The purpose of the investigation was to determine to what extent abnormalities of movement, seen on levocardiography, can also be demonstrated by video-densitometry. Our results show that video-densitometry, compared with levocardiography, has a sensitivity of 97%, a specificity of 44% and an accuracy of 86%. Video-densitometry provides definite proof of abnormal cardiac movement. The differentiation of hypokinesia from akinesia by the two methods is discussed. PMID- 6213534 TI - On the pathophysiology of left ventricular aneurysm. An analysis by cineangiography and videodensitometry. AB - In 16 patients with left ventricular aneurysm, ventriculography has been performed and recorded upon videotape. By means of videodensitometer the ejection fraction of the total ventricle and its parts have been analysed. The videodensitometric result explained the ejection fraction pattern which is caused by the moment of the contrast medium in different parts of the ventricle. The regurgitation phenomenon in the contractile and non-contractile parts of the ventricle is explained by a turbulent movement of contrast medium between the different parts of the ventricle. This turbulence should be included in the criteria of a left ventricular aneurysm. PMID- 6213535 TI - Idiopathic esophagopleural fistula in the newborn. A review, with a case report. AB - Idiopathic rupture of the esophagus in the neonate is a rare event, probably related to the same mechanism of ischemic necrosis responsible for other "spontaneous" g.i. tract perforations in the newborn. The laceration is usually located on the right aspect of the distal esophagus and is complicated by esophagopleural fistula and hydropneumothorax. Plain chest film and esophagography are diagnostic. The condition is an emergency one and usually carries a bad prognosis without prompt surgical repair. A typical case is reported in a baby who survived without early surgery; a residual tiny blind pouch and a small hiatal hernia required surgery at 1 year of age. PMID- 6213536 TI - [Sonographic aspects of intramural duodenal bleeding (author's transl)]. AB - The characteristic sonographic appearance of intramural duodenal haematomas is described in three cases. Cystic and diffusely infiltrating intramural haematomas should be differentiated, and the resulting consequences for treatment are pointed out. PMID- 6213537 TI - A CT evaluation of the intraperitoneal fluid distribution. AB - The intraperitoneal distribution of fluid and its detectability with a CT scanning were investigated in 13 patients during infusion of dialysate for peritoneal dialysis. An ascending pattern of spread i.e. from the lesser pelvis through the inframesocolic compartment to the supramesocolic compartment prevailed. Accumulation of fluid in the perihepatic space and in Morison's pouch as a function of fluid volume is at best approximated by a parabolic curve. Fifty to two hundred fifty ml. of fluid were detectable with a CT scanning in supine position in the majority of cases within the perihepatic space and Morison's pouch. The lowest amount of fluid detectable in the peritoneal cavity--25 ml. was found between the anterior abdominal wall and bowel loops in right decubitus. PMID- 6213538 TI - [Asthma therapy in medical practice]. PMID- 6213539 TI - [Therapeutic concept of the flexion corset in a chronic lumbar syndrome and sciatica]. AB - Lumbar flexion and reducing lumbar lordosis or hyperlordosis are basic principles in the treatment of chronic or recurrent low back syndrome, lumbar insufficiency and sciatica. This can be achieved by the Hamburger Flexion Corset, which is built by moduls. The front part of the brace exerts, compression on the abdomen by a deep imprint, so that the lumbar spine will be gradually transformed. PMID- 6213540 TI - [Echinococcosis. Rational diagnosis and therapy]. AB - The most dangerous of the parasitoses seen in Middle Europeans, are cystic and alveolar echinococcosis which, here in Germany, varies considerably in frequency. Cystic echinococcosis is found throughout the entire world; the disease is seen mostly in "guest workers". Alveolar echinococcosis may be observed sporadically in all the Alpine countries, in Bavaria, and also in Baden-Wurttemberg. As a result of slow growth, the onset of the symptomatology is considerably delayed. Dangerous complications are jaundice, stenosis of the pylorus of the stomach, incidents resulting from portal hypertension, infections of the cysts, and perforation of the lesion into the neighbouring organs or into the free abdominal cavity. The complement-binding reaction, indirect haemagglutination and the indirect enzyme immuno test, together, achieve a sensitivity of up to 97%. Static scintigraphy of liver and spleen, ultrasonography, laparoscopy, X-ray survey, angiography, and, in particular, computerized tomography, are further diagnostic procedures. If at all possible, treatment should be surgical. The only conservative measure worth trying is the administration of mebendazole (Vermox). PMID- 6213541 TI - [Blind liver puncture or laparoscopy?]. AB - The discussions as to the priority of laparoscopy or blind liver puncture have not ended in a "either-or" decision, but, rather, have come out unequivocally in favour of both techniques. The procedure of blind liver puncture is suitable for the diagnosis and follow-up of diffuse diseases of the liver (fatty liver, acute hepatitis, with restriction, chronic persistent and chronic aggressive hepatitis, pre-alcoholic liver cirrhois damage). Laparoscopy is employed primarily in cases with equivocal liver palpation findings, for the initial diagnosis of chronic inflammatory, focal and tumorous diseases of the liver. For both techniques, there needs to be a careful weighing up of indications and contraindications, risks and limitations and they should not be carried out by any and every ward physician. PMID- 6213542 TI - [Treatment of typical every-day wounds, burns and leg ulcers in medical practice]. PMID- 6213543 TI - Plasma androgens in children and adolescents. Part I: control subjects. AB - In this cross-sectional study, plasma levels of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S), dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), delta 4-androstenedione (delta 4) and testosterone (T) were measured by RIA in 232 normal subjects of both sexes, aged 2 weeks to 20 years. The results were analyzed in relation to chronological age, body surface and pubertal stage. High levels of plasma androgens were found in newborn infants of both sexes. After 3 months of age, androgen levels were uniformly low and rose with increasing chronological age and body surface. The first significant increase in mean androgen levels was found for DHEA-S. It occurred after 6 years of age in girls and after 8 years in boys. DHEA and T rose in both sexes after 8 years of age. delta 4 increased steadily with chronological age and body surface in both sexes. When androgen levels were related to body surface, a first significant increase was observed above 1.00 m2 for the four androgens, in both boys and girls. Above 1.20 m2 and 12 years of age, girls had higher mean levels of DHEA-S, DHEA and delta 4, but lower mean T levels than boys of the same body surface and chronological age. Before puberty, a positive correlation was found in both sexes between the plasma androgen levels on the one hand, and both chronological age and body surface on the other. Plasma androgen levels markedly increased at stage P2 in both sexes, and further increased with pubertal development. During puberty, girls had higher plasma delta 4, but lower plasma T levels than boys of the same pubertal stage. Plasma DHEA-S and DHEA levels were similar in both sexes. In contrast to the plasma androgens, plasma cortisol levels did not show any change in relation either to chronological age or to body surface or pubertal development. Body surface appears to be as good a discriminating factor as chronological age, at least in young children. It also appears from this study that DHEA-S is a good guide for the clinical evaluation of adrenal maturation and may be very useful in evaluating patients with growth or pubertal disturbances. PMID- 6213544 TI - Subnormal pubertal increases of serum androgens in Turner's syndrome. AB - 60 patients (139 blood specimens) with Turner's syndrome were investigated in order to obtain information concerning the origin of the increments of androgens during puberty. The concentrations of serum FSH, LH, estradiol, testosterone, 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone, progesterone, 17 hydroxyprogesterone and pregnenolone in patients less than 10 years old were identical to those previously found in normal healthy girls of the same age. Hence, in adrenarche the early increase of androgen secretion is independent of gonadal hormone secretion. The later increases in serum testosterone and androstenedione in our patients were very small, and the age of 15 years, their concentrations were 50 and 60%, respectively, of the corresponding levels in normal girls of the same age. After 13 years of age, the mean serum dehydroepiandrosterone concentration was also slightly, but significantly (20 30%), lower than in normal girls of the same age. It is concluded that the ovaries are responsible for most of the pubertal rises in circulating testosterone and androstenedione, and possibly for a small part of the late pubertal rise in dehydroepiandrosterone. PMID- 6213545 TI - Chronic lymphocytic leukemia in the elderly. PMID- 6213546 TI - Wheezing and possible anterior infarct. PMID- 6213547 TI - Angioplasty should be utilized in double-vessel and triple-vessel coronary disease. PMID- 6213548 TI - Peculiar findings in a family with keratodermia palmo-plantaris papulosa Buschke Fischer-Brauer. AB - A family is described in which eight cases of autosomal dominantly inherited keratodermia palmo-plantaris papulosa were found in three generations. The propositus and his brother suffered simultaneously from deuteranopia and deuteranomalia. The propositus was operated on for gastric and duodenal ulcers; his brother, as well as his eldest son, had radiologically confirmed duodenal ulcers. Moreover, some members of the family had different inherited anomalies. The significance of these signs is unknown. The definition of the concept of the focal character of phenotypic expression of the pathologic gene is given. According to our histologic and ultrastructural investigations, as well as our study of the available literature, keratodermia palmo-plantaris papulosa is a heterogeneous entity. PMID- 6213549 TI - Blood group, red cell enzyme and serum protein types in the Buka Islanders, Papua New Guinea. AB - Genetic marker studies on a sample of 80 speakers of the Petats and Tinputs families of languages, all pupils at a single high school, indicate a homogeneity among them which can be extrapolated to their areas of origin. Buka and its offshore islands and the northern part of Bougainville Island in the North Solomons Province of Papua New Guinea. Several markers systems, most notably first-locus phosphoglucomutase and liver acetyltransferase, reinforce the morphological evidence that these peoples are quite distinct from most other Papua New Guinea populations, with whom, however, there has been some gene exchange, probably through East New Britain. Their principal affinities are with the peoples of the Solomon Islands to the south. PMID- 6213550 TI - A microprocessor controller for a personal typewriter for visually handicapped users. PMID- 6213551 TI - Characterization with monoclonal antibodies of human lymphocytes forming dog and rhesus-monkey rosettes. AB - Human peripheral-blood mononuclear cells forming rosettes with dog and rhesus monkey red blood cells were characterized with a double marker analysis combining immunofluorescence with a series of monoclonal antibodies and rosette formation. Dog rosette-forming cells are a minor subset of T cells which does not correspond to the helper or suppressor subsets of T cells as determined by the OKT antibodies. Dog rosette formation can be inhibited by two monoclonal antibodies directed against the receptor for sheep red blood cells on human lymphocytes. Rhesus-monkey rosettes can be formed by T lymphocytes as well as by monocytes, null cells, and B cells, as determined by the reactivities with the monoclonal antibodies OKM1 and anti-Ia. OKM1-positive cells are relatively enriched in these rosettes. No inhibition is seen with antibodies directed against the receptor for sheep red blood cells. In conclusion, we demonstrated with the use of monoclonal antibodies that dog and rhesus-monkey rosettes are qualitatively different phenomena. PMID- 6213552 TI - The in vitro generation of suppressor lymphocytes involves interactions between PNA+ and PNA- thymocyte populations. AB - Employing cell fractionation with the aid of peanut agglutinin, it was found that at least two subpopulations of T cells are required for the generation of suppressor T lymphocytes in culture. The co-operation of these two subpopulations, the medullary and the cortical types of thymocytes, is required for the induction phase but it apparently plays no role in the expression of the suppressive effect. With the aid of genetic markers, it was found that in medullary-type, cortisone-resistant, PNA-negative T cell was the progenitor of the suppressor lymphocytes, while the cortical type cells performed an accessory (regulatory?) function. Finally, it was observed that allostimulation of T cells in culture give rise to both 'helper' and suppressor cells. The generation of 'helper' lymphocytes requires allostimulation for less than 24 hr while the induction of suppressor cells requires a longer period of stimulation which leads in the end to predominance of the suppressor effect. PMID- 6213553 TI - Studies on the syngeneic mixed lymphocyte reaction. I. The ontogeny of the syngeneic mixed lymphocyte reaction in mice. AB - The syngeneic mixed lymphocyte reaction (SMLR) is the proliferative response of T lymphocytes cultured with syngeneic non-T lymphocytes. The ontogenic development of the SMLR has been studied in BALB/c mice. The SMLR is not demonstrable in BALB/c mice less than 3 weeks old. The SMLR attains an adult level of activity at 4 weeks of age. Splenic T cells from mice less than 3 weeks old do not respond and splenic non-T cells do not stimulate an SMLR. T-cell preparations acquire the capacity to respond in the SMLR between 2 and 3 weeks of age and non-T cells acquire the capacity to stimulate in SMLR between 3 and 4 weeks old. Spleen cells from 1 week old mice suppress the adult SMLR. Suppressor activity was eliminated by depleting either Thy-1.2 positive cells or adherent cells. When suppressor activity was eliminated, spleen cells from 1 week old donors were capable of stimulating syngeneic T cells. Spleen cells from 1 week old nude BALB/c mice do not suppress the SMLR and stimulate syngeneic T cells normally. These results suggest that the impaired SMLR in very young mice is, at least in part, due to cell-mediated suppression of the SMLR. PMID- 6213554 TI - The effect of human IgM rheumatoid factor on renal glomerular immune complex deposition in passive serum sickness in the mouse. AB - The results of experiments reported in this paper show that intravenously injected human IgM rheumatoid factor binds in vivo to immune complexes previously deposited in mouse glomerulus. Prior injection of human IgM rheumatoid factor does not interfere with glomerular deposition of passively administered immune complexes. Evidence is presented to show that rheumatoid factor once attached to glomerular bound immune complexes is able to act as an immunoabsorbent and to bind further circulating complexes. PMID- 6213556 TI - Phage typing of Staphylococcus aureus using phages other than those of basic set and new methods. PMID- 6213557 TI - A place in the sun for the disabled: so that they may also live. A perspective on I.Y.D.P. PMID- 6213558 TI - International Year of Disabled Person, in India. PMID- 6213555 TI - Studies on the syngeneic mixed lymphocyte reaction. II. Decline in he syngeneic mixed lymphocyte reaction with age. AB - The syngeneic mixed lymphocyte reaction (SMLR) is the proliferative response of T lymphocytes cultured with syngeneic non-T lymphocytes. In previous studies, we found that the SMLR reaches adult level of activity at 4 weeks of age in BALB/c mice. We now report that the SMLR declines with age in this strain. The decline was first documented at 12 months of age, when non-T spleen cells were less able to stimulate young adult T cells than were non-T cells from 2 to 3 month-old mice. Splenic T cells from 12 month old mice were as responsive as splenic T cells from 2 to 3 months old mice. By 24 months of age, mice had no significant SMLR activity. Splenic T cells from 24 month old mice did not respond and splenic non-T cells did not stimulate SMLR when cultured with cells from young adult mice. Finally, suppressor cells were demonstrated in spleen cells preparations from 24 month old mice and may explain or contribute to the impaired SMLR in these animals. PMID- 6213559 TI - Rehabilitation of the physically handicapped. PMID- 6213560 TI - Immunologic mechanisms in renal injury. PMID- 6213561 TI - [Handicapped workers]. PMID- 6213562 TI - Anaerobic infections in cancer patients--a retrospective analysis of clindamycin, tinidazole, doxycycline, cefoxitin and lamoxactam. AB - The results of three consecutive clinical trials on the therapy of anaerobic infections in cancer patients have been compared. The success rate with lamoxactam (94%) (6000mg/d i.v.) was statistically different from that of doxycycline (63%) (300 mg/d per os). Clindamycin (1200 mg/d per os), clindamycin (2700 mg/d i.v.) and cefoxitin (6000 mg/d i.v.) resulted in a favourable outcome in approximately 80% of the patients. Mixed anaerobic infections had a similar response rate (80%). Even when the anaerobic pathogen was resistant to therapy, six of ten patients were cured. Surgical drainage played an important role, but was difficult to assess precisely. PMID- 6213563 TI - Effect of metal allergens on the DNA synthesis of unsensitized guinea pig lymphoid cells cultured in vitro. AB - The metal allergens cobalt chloride, mercuric chloride, nickel sulfate and potassium dichromate were tested regarding their effect on the DNA synthesis of lymphoid cells from unsensitized guinea pigs. At certain concentrations in the range of 10(-8) to 10(-6) M, all tested metal compounds stimulated the DNA synthesis of both thymocytes and peripheral lymphocytes after 48 h of culture. The most consistent stimulation with all tested metal allergens was obtained with spleen cells. Thymocytes and spleen cells were stimulated even when the small fraction of adherent cells was eliminated. Mercuric chloride and potassium dichromate were found to be inhibiting at 10(-6) to 10(-4) M, while cobalt chloride and nickel sulfate were less toxic and inhibiting at 10(-4) to 10(-3) M. At 5 h of culture the lowest inhibitory concentration of potassium dichromate was found to be about 100-fold lower than that of nickel sulfate, which may be of practical interest for the choice of concentrations used in human patch test. The lowest concentrations of mercuric chloride and potassium dichromate which at 5 h were inhibitory, were stimulating at 48 h. The presence of serum seemed to have a protective and modifying role regarding the effect of the various metal compounds on the DNA synthesis. PMID- 6213564 TI - Properties of the solubilized placental receptor for IgG. AB - The Fc receptor activity in placental extracts prepared using EDTA and 2 mercaptoethanol was assayed using an indirect hemagglutination technique with sheep erythrocytes sensitized with rabbit IgG. The agglutinating activity of the extract was not affected by storage at -70 degrees C, by rapid freezing and thawing, by treatment with periodic acid, formaldehyde, neuraminidase, trypsin, pronase, or phospholipase C. Papain abolished the activity, indicating that the receptor is a protein. Reduction and alkylation had no effect on the agglutinating activity, indicating that -S-S-bonds are not important for binding. In the presence of 0.6 M NaCl the agglutinating activity was abolished, indicating that electrostatic interactions are of significance. The solubilized Fc receptor shows so many similarities to the previously studied in situ Fc receptor that they are probably identical. PMID- 6213565 TI - Concanavalin-A-induced suppressor cell activity in idiopathic membranous nephropathy. AB - Suppressor cell activity (SCA) was analyzed in 8 patients with idiopathic membranous nephropathy (MN) and in 11 patients with chronic proliferative glomerulonephritis (CGN). We have assessed the ability of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) stimulated by concanavalin A (Con A) to inhibit the proliferative response on normal allogenic lymphocytes by both Con A and phytohemagglutinin (PHA). It was found that the MN patients with nephrotic syndrome (NS) had significantly increased levels of suppression index (SI) when compared to the values obtained with normal controls. In contrast, the mean suppression values in the PBL from MN patients in remission and CGN patients with or without NS, whether the mitogen used was Con A or PHA, were similar to those of the control subjects. Thus, the majority of MN patients wih NS demonstrated an alteration in Con-A-induced SCA. The possible significance of these phenomena in the pathophysiology of MN is discussed. PMID- 6213566 TI - Generation of concanavalin A-induced suppressor cells in the cat. AB - Preactivation of feline peripheral blood mononuclear cells with mitogenic doses of concanavalin A resulted in suppression of proliferation when these cells were cocultured with untreated autologous cells. The degree of suppression was directly proportional to the preactivation time and ratio of preactivated to untreated cells. The generation, but not the activity, of the suppressor cells was dependent on DNA and protein synthesis. Pokeweed mitogen and phytohemagglutinin were also shown to be capable of inducing suppressor cell activity. Suppression was also observed in allogeneic cocultures. Supernatants from concanavalin A-preactivated cell cultures did not suppress proliferation of untreated cells. PMID- 6213567 TI - D-Tryptophan-6-luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone in the treatment of normogonadotropic oligoasthenozoospermia. AB - D-Tryptophan-6-LH-RH was assessed in the treatment of patients with normogonadotropic oligoasthenozoospermia in 18 subjects selected on the basis of at least 3 spermiograms, long standing infertility, normal LH, FSH, prolactin and testosterone serum levels and lack of evidence of any other pathologic involvement. Testicular biopsies performed on these patients showed hypospermatogenesis with foci of alteration at the spermatid stage in some of them. D-Trp-6-LH-RH was administered im for 90 days at a dose of 5 micrograms every 2 days, 10 micrograms daily or 10 micrograms every 2 days. There was no significant improvement in the concentration of spermatozoa or in the motility and vitality parameters. Moreover, in 5 patients who received 10 micrograms daily, basal levels of LH and FSH and the response to LH-RH, decreased significantly during treatment. D-Trp-6-LH-RH at the dose used in this study does not seem useful for the treatment of oligoasthenozoospermia normogonadotropic patients. PMID- 6213568 TI - Specific effect of the thyroid on testicular enzymes involved in carbohydrate metabolism. I. Hypothyroidism. AB - The effect of thyroidectomy (Tx) on some key enzymes involved in glycolysis and the HMP-shunt pathway were studied in the testis of pre-pubertal, pubertal and adult rats. Hexokinase (HK) and phosphofructokinase (PFK) did not show any significant change in activity after Tx. However, pyruvate kinase (PK) activity was reduced after Tx in the testis of pre-pubertal animals although in pubertal and adult rats it was not affected. Both glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6P DH) and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6-PG-DH) activities were reduced after Tx and thyroxine (T4) replacement brought both enzyme activities back towards normal. The possible effect of the thyroid on testicular steroidogenesis acting through the HMP-shunt is discussed. PMID- 6213569 TI - Fatigue problems in dacron vascular grafts. PMID- 6213570 TI - Suppressor macrophages in tumor-bearing mice. Inconsistency between in vivo and in vitro findings? AB - The growth of a spontaneous adenocarcinoma (ADK-1t) of BALB/c mice (H-2d, MIsb) induces progressive hyporesponsiveness of spleen cells stimulated with PHA or irradiated leukocytes from DBA/2 strain (H-2d, MIsa) in mixed leukocyte culture. This hyporesponsiveness is due to the suppressor activity of macrophage-like cells, since it is abrogated by passage over nylon-wool columns, pretreatment with carrageenans, or carbonyl iron and magnet. BALB/c mice bearing greater than 20 mm mean diameter ADK-1t tumors, and displaying a drastic impairment of T lymphocyte reactivity in vitro, were challenged with the P815 mastocytoma of the DBA/2 strain. These mice rejected increasing numbers of P815 cells to the same extent as normal BALB/c mice. The reactivity towards P815 is abrogated by 450 rad, and can be reconstituted by the adoptive transfer of 2 X 10(7) normal T lymphocytes in either normal or ADK-1t bearing BALB/c mice. These data show that a discrepancy exists between the capacity of T lymphocytes from ADK-1t bearing mice to react against DBA/2 cells tested in vitro or in vivo, and indicates that great caution should be exercised in predicting the responsiveness of the immune system on the basis of in vitro data on the suppressor activity of macrophages. PMID- 6213571 TI - Selective action of alkylating agents against cells participating in suppression of antibody responses. AB - The effect of several alkylating agents on the induction and expression of specific suppressor cell activity induced by supraoptimal immunization (SOI) with (4 x 10(9) ) SRBC was studied. Splenocytes taken 8-28 days after SOI and transferred to normal syngeneic recipients together with optimal dose of (3 x 10(8) ) SRBC caused 70-90% suppression. By contrast splenocytes harvested 2 days after SOI did not exert a significant suppressive effect. Treatment of donor mice with 30 mg/kg BCNU, CCNU, or MeCCNU, 8 mg/kg Melphalan or as much as 200 mg/kg Cy 2 days before SOI uniformly had no effect on the subsequent development of suppressor cells. By contrast, different drugs had diverse effects when injected after SOI: both BCNU and Cy injected 2 days post SOI alleviated suppression, whereas CCNU, MeCCNU and Melphalan injected 2 days post SOI were without effect. Another diversity between BCNU and Cy was noticed when the administration of drugs was delayed further. While Cy alleviated suppression 12 days post SOI, BCNU was ineffective at this time. Dose response and time course studies revealed that the effect of Cy was most severe when injected 2 days post SOI and gradually diminished with the passage of time after SOI. These results have been discussed in the light of the current concepts of multiple cell participation in the induction and expression of suppressor cell function. PMID- 6213572 TI - Effects of carrageenan-a macrophage toxic agent-on antibody synthesis and on delayed hypersensitivity in the guinea pig. AB - Delayed hypersensitivity reactions to the carrier and antibody mediated reactions to the carrier and to the hapten have been studied in guinea pigs treated with carrageenan, a macrophage toxic agent, before or after immunization with a hapten carrier complex. The results show that carrageenan which acted at the afferent limb of immunity neither depressed nor enhanced delayed hypersensitivity reactions but could affect antibody formation. Macrophage functions in antibody synthesis appeared to be more sensitive to carrageenan than those involved in the induction of cell-mediated immunity. Carrageenan could provide a useful tool for studying the functional heterogeneity of macrophages during the induction of the immune response. PMID- 6213573 TI - The differential sensitivity of T cell immune functions to vincristine and vinblastine. PMID- 6213574 TI - Kinetic studies of the immunopharmacologic effects of NPT 15392 in mice. AB - NPT 15392 [9-erythro-(2-hydroxy,3-nonyl)-hypoxanthine] was administered in a single intraperitoneal injection to Balb/c mice at a dose of 0.1 mg/kg. Modifications of immune parameters were evaluated 1-14 days after the treatment. NPT 15392 potentiated antibody responses to both T-dependent (SRBC, TNP-KLH) and T-independent (TNP-LPS) antigens and delayed-type hypersensitivity to oxazolone. The proliferative response of spleen cells from NPT-treated mice to stimulation with PHA was depressed, but that to dextran sulphate was augmented. The responses to Con A or LPS were inconsistently modified. NPT 15392 augmented killer cell functions, including both T cell-mediated cytotoxicity against allogeneic tumor cells and NK cell activity against YAC-1 tumor cells. It slightly augmented or depressed ADCC activity against antibody-coated chicken erythrocytes (CRBC) depending on the time of its administration. Concerning the stimulation of NK cell activity, the effect was more marked on spleen effector cells when NPT 15392 was given i.v. and on peritoneal effector cells when it was given i.p. From these results, T helper cells, B cells, and NK cells appeared to be target cells of NPT 15392 action. The various stimulatory effects peaked at different times according to the immune function tested. In addition, the prolonged, sometimes double peaked action (antibody response to T-dependent antigens, NK activity) indicates complex mechanisms of action which may involve indirect interactions mediated by lymphokines or monokines. PMID- 6213575 TI - Inactivation of biologically active DNA by hydrated electrons. PMID- 6213576 TI - Pharmacokinetic analysis of 99mTc-radiopharmaceutical data in humans by two compartmental model. PMID- 6213577 TI - Lectin-resistant cell surface variants of eukaryotic cells. PMID- 6213578 TI - [Recannulation of arterial peripheral vascular occlusions using catheter dilatation]. PMID- 6213579 TI - [Systemic and selective streptokinase therapy in arterial occlusions]. PMID- 6213580 TI - Ultrasound Doppler and echo combined as a noninvasive blood flowmeter. PMID- 6213581 TI - Anorexia nervosa associated with hormonal replacement therapy in an adolescent gonadal dysgenesis. PMID- 6213582 TI - Effects of indomethacin on lymphocyte proliferation, suppressor cell function, and leukocyte migration inhibitory factor (lmif) production. AB - The in vitro effect of indomethacin (IND) on PHA- and Con-A-induced immune responses was studied. The results showed that the enhancement of both PHA and Con A responses by IND does not significantly depend on the concentrations of mitogens or IND. A significant negative correlation was found between the initial PHA response and augmentation index, whereas there was a positive correlation between the initial Con A response and the enhancement of the Con A responses. Indomethacin significantly increased the Con-A-induced suppressor cell activity and PHA-induced leukocyte migration inhibitory factor production (LMIF), whereas the effects on the PHA-induced suppressor cell activity and Con-A-induced LMIF production were not significant. The findings indicate the indomethacin has a dual effect on PHA- and Con-A-induced immune responses probably reflecting intrinsic differences among T cells, for example, distinct lymphokines produced by different T-cell subpopulations. PMID- 6213583 TI - [Incidence and significance of toxic and allergic contact dermatitis caused by machaerium scleroxylum Tul. (Pao ferro), a substitute wood for palisander (Dalbergia nigra All.)]. AB - In recent years an increasing number of cases of primary irritant and allergic contact dermatitis has been observed after using the South-American timber Pao ferro (Machaerium scleroxylum). Since 1978 140 cases have come to our knowledge. The patients were mainly cabinet and furniture makers occupied in the sanding of veneer. Perioral dermatitis and cheilitis was also seen in persons playing the flute made of Pao ferro wood. Guinea pig sensitization experiments revealed a strong sensitizing capacity of the main wood constituent R-3,4 dimethoxydalbergione. Amounts of up to 2% were found in the heartwood. Mix-up of Brazilian rosewood (Dalbergia nigra) with its substitute (Machaerium scleroxylum) may occur accidently due to their similar appearance. However, a chemical differentiation is easily possible by determination of their constituents: while Pao ferro exclusively contains the strong sensitizer R-3,4-dimethoxydalbergione, the botanically related Brazilian rosewood (and also the East Indian rosewood- Dalbergia latifolia Roxb.) yields several other and weaker dalbergiones. In 41 of 55 patients tested epicutaneously with R-3,4-dimethoxydalbergione an acquired sensitivity could be demonstrated. The high amount of R-3,4-dimethoxydalbergione in Machaerium scleroxylum is primarily responsible for the outbreak of toxic dermatitis in veneer factories, half of which resulted in a sensitization. The risk of active sensitization is high if epicutaneous tests are carried out with the native wood dust. To avoid active sensitization it is better to test the pure constituent, if available, in a dilution of 0.1%. PMID- 6213584 TI - [Metronidazole therapy in rosacea]. PMID- 6213585 TI - Coordination of services for children under five. PMID- 6213586 TI - A diagnostic problem: young man with cardiomegaly and distended neck veins. PMID- 6213587 TI - Chromosome abnormalities in children, in two Danish counties, born during the period 1967-1978: Clinical data. PMID- 6213588 TI - The development of an oral prodrug, SR-2545, of the 2-nitroimidazole radiosensitizer SR-2508. AB - SR-2508, a 2-nitroimidazole radiosensitizer, is expected to be clinically superior to desmethylmisonidazole or misonidazole because of its lower lipophilicity with subsequent lower drug levels in neural tissue and more rapid plasma elimination. The intravenous route of administration will be optimal but oral drugs may be necessary. Since decreased lipophilicity will decrease oral absorption we have synthesized, and tested in mice, SR-2545, an acetate ester prodrug of SR-2508. In the liver there is complete first pass metabolism to parent drug with no prodrug detectable in the blood. Compared to an equal dose of oral SR-2508, the prodrug yields a more rapid, reproducible, plasma peak with twice the bioavailability, peak plasma concentration and radiosensitization. If oral preparations of SR-2508 are to be used in the clinic the prodrug, SR-2545, is likely to be superior to oral SR-2508. PMID- 6213589 TI - Radiosensitizing effects of misonidazole and SR 2508 on a human melanoma transplanted in nude mice: influence on repair of potentially lethal damage. AB - The radiosensitizing effects of misonidazole and SR 2508 (1 mg/g) were compared on a human melanoma (Na11) containing 85% hypoxic cells transplanted into nude mice. For both drugs, the enhancement ratios (ER) were 1.7 after immediate plating and 2.1 after delayed plating. This difference in ERs is related to a lack of PLD repair in tumors in the presence of the sensitizer. The effect of misonidazole was also investigated in another human melanoma (Be11) containing 40% hypoxic cells. After immediate plating, the ER was similar to that observed with the Na11 tumor (1.7), but PLD repair was not reduced. A comparative analysis of the influence of misonidazole on the response (survival curve - PLD repair) of Na11 melanoma to different ionizing radiations was attempted. PMID- 6213590 TI - Genotoxic and cytocidal effects of three electron-affinic sensitizers on hypoxic and aerated mammalian cells. PMID- 6213591 TI - Sources of innervation of the neuromuscular spindles in sternomastoid and trapezius. AB - The sources of innervation of neuromuscular spindles in sternomastoid and trapezius have been investigated in rats and mice, by degeneration experiments. The entire motor supply, both extrafusal and intrafusal, to both muscles, was from the spinal accessory nerve. The sensory supply to the spindles in sternomastoid and rostral trapezius was from cervical spinal nerves, and to those in the caudal trapezius was from thoracic spinal nerves. PMID- 6213592 TI - Comparative inhibitory and bactericidal activities of moxalactam and seven other antibiotics against 520 clinical isolates including 65 multi-drug resistant strains. PMID- 6213593 TI - Norfloxacin and the antibacterial gamma pyridone beta carboxylic acids. PMID- 6213594 TI - Resumption of cell division in piperacillin-induced filaments of Escherichia coli B/r. PMID- 6213595 TI - Renal function during cefoperazone treatment. PMID- 6213596 TI - Penetration of piperacillin into cardiac valves, subcutaneous and muscle tissue of patients undergoing open-heart surgery. PMID- 6213597 TI - A review of reported cases of typhoid fever and documented carriers in Arkansas. PMID- 6213598 TI - A five year update on Rocky Mountain spotted fever in Arkansas. PMID- 6213599 TI - Rubella susceptibility in south Arkansas. PMID- 6213600 TI - Raynaud's syndrome. PMID- 6213601 TI - Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty: preliminary results. PMID- 6213602 TI - Identification and properties of an ATPase in vacuolar membranes of Neurospora crassa. AB - Using a vacuolar preparation virtually free of contamination by other organelles, we isolated vacuolar membranes and demonstrated that they contain an ATPase. Sucrose density gradient profiles of vacuolar membranes show a single peak of ATPase activity at a density of 1.11 g/cm3. Comparison of this enzyme with the two well-studied proton-pumping ATPases of Neurospora plasma membranes and mitochondria shows that it is clearly distinct. The vacuolar membrane ATPase is insensitive to the inhibitors oligomycin, azide, and vanadate, but sensitive to N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (Ki = 2 microM). It has a pH optimum of 7.5, requires a divalent cation (Mg2+ or Mn2+) for activity, and is remarkably unaffected (+/- 20%) by a number of monovalent cations, anions, and buffers. In its substrate affinity (Km for ATP = 0.2 mM), substrate preference (ATP greater than GTP, ITP greater than UTP greater than CTP), and loss of activity with repeated 1 mM ethylene glycol-bis(beta-aminoethyl ether)-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid washes, the vacuolar membrane ATPase resembles the F1F0 type of ATPase found in mitochondria and differs from the integral membrane type of ATPase in plasma membranes. PMID- 6213603 TI - Differential polypeptide synthesis of the proton-translocating ATPase of Escherichia coli. AB - We investigated the regulation of the synthesis of the eight polypeptides of the Escherichia coli proton-translocating ATPase. A plasmid carrying the eight genes of the unc operon was used to direct in vivo and in vitro protein synthesis of the eight polypeptides. Analysis of these data indicates that the ATPase polypeptides are synthesized in unequal amounts both in vitro and in vivo. We identified several regions within the unc operon at which expression of a gene is either increased or decreased from that of the preceding gene. Since genetic information indicates a single polycistronic mRNA for all eight genes of this operon, the observed differential synthesis of the polypeptides is most likely the result of translational regulation. The effect of varying the temperature suggests that the secondary structure in the mRNA may affect the rate of translation initiation in the region between uncE and uncF. PMID- 6213604 TI - Effect of the lambda S gene product on properties of the Escherichia coli inner membrane. AB - The S gene of bacteriophage lambda is a late gene required for cell lysis, but unlike the other two lysis genes, R and Rz, it does not code for an endolysin. Earlier studies have shown that the S gene product inhibits respiration and macromolecular synthesis and makes the inner membrane permeable to sucrose. In this study, the effect of the S gene product on a number of Escherichia coli membrane functions (active transport, permeability, respiration, and transhydrogenase and ATPase activity) were measured, and a product of the lambda S gene was identified in the inner membrane fraction by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The results of these experiments indicate that the lambda S product is present in the inner membrane, that it increased the permeability of the membrane for all of the small molecules that were tested, and that its action is reversible. The simplest explanation of these results is that the S gene product forms a hydrophilic pore through the inner membrane, allowing small molecules and lambda lysozyme to pass through. PMID- 6213605 TI - Selective expansion of mitochondrial nucleoside triphosphate pools in antimetabolite-treated HeLa cells. AB - This study asks whether nuclear and mitochondrial DNA replication are supplied by distinct and separately regulated precursor pools. Using improved methodology for extraction and quantitation of deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate pools from HeLa cells, we have confirmed and extended earlier findings of Bogenhagen and Clayton ((1976) J. Biol. Chem. 251, 2938-2944). The four mitochondrial dNTP pools actually expanded following treatment with antimetabolites, even while total cellular pools of dTTP and dGTP are being severely depleted. Ribonucleoside triphosphates also accumulate in mitochondria after antimetabolite treatment. This confirms the idea of distinct regulatory mechanisms affecting precursor supplies for nuclear and mitochondrial DNA. Mitochondrial dNTP pools are larger, in relation to the cellular complement of mitochondrial DNA than are the whole cell pools in relation to the chromosomal DNA complement. Also, of the four dNTPs, the most sensitive to antimetabolite depletion is dGTP. This indicates that dGTP depletion may be more significant than previously realized as an element of the cytotoxic effects of methotrexate and 5-fluorodeoxyuridine. PMID- 6213606 TI - Active proton uptake in lipid vesicles reconstituted with the purified yeast plasma membrane ATPase. Fluorescence quenching of 9-amino-6-chloro-2 methoxyacridine. PMID- 6213608 TI - Nonlinear dependence on actin of acto-heavy meromyosin 18O exchange and ATPase rate at low actin concentrations. AB - Hydrolysis of highly enriched [gamma-18O]ATP in unlabeled water by acto-heavy meromyosin at low actin concentration was found to be heterogeneous in that significant amounts of both the species containing 0 or 3 18O-labeled oxygens/phosphate were formed. Detailed quantitative comparison with theoretical distributions over a wide range of actin concentrations, however, indicated that the pathway which catalyzed ATP hydrolysis with a low extent of exchange only made a significant contribution at a low actin concentration and did not represent a major fraction of the total hydrolysis seen at higher actin concentrations. This low exchange component was also detected in the dependence on actin of the steady state ATPase. At low actin the steady state ATPase rate increased more rapidly as a function of actin concentration than predicted by the Km and Vmax for actin activation observed at moderate to high actin levels. This extra ATP hydrolysis at low actin correlates with that predicted for the low exchange pathway both with respect to the fraction of the ATP hydrolyzed and to its dependence on the actin concentration. PMID- 6213607 TI - Regulation of hepatic phosphofructokinase by 6-phosphogluconate. AB - 6-Phosphogluconate activates phosphofructokinase in extracts of rat liver by decreasing both the apparent S0.5 for fructose 6-phosphate and the degree of cooperative binding of fructose 6-phosphate. There is no effect on the maximum velocity. Enzyme activity is a hyperbolic function of the concentration of 6 phosphogluconate, and the apparent Km is 60 microM. Thus, a substantial activation of the enzyme is achieved with a physiological concentration of 6 phosphogluconate (40 microM). Activation of phosphofructokinase by 6 phosphogluconate is influenced by a low molecular weight factor(s) in liver extracts. Part of the influence may be attributed to fructose 2,6-bisphosphate which, in some conditions, acts synergistically with 6-phosphogluconate to activate phosphofructokinase. In the presence of a mixture of ATP, ADP, and AMP at physiological concentrations, the effects of 6-phosphogluconate (40 and 200 microM) and a saturating concentration of fructose 2,6-bisphosphate (400 nM) are more nearly additive. This result suggests that 6-phosphogluconate and fructose 2,6-bisphosphate act at different sites on the enzyme and that 6-phosphogluconate may contribute to the physiological regulation of hepatic phosphofructokinase. Regulation of phosphofructokinase by 6-phosphogluconate may provide a means by which the disposition of glucose 6-phosphate between the oxidative branch of the hexosemonophosphate pathway and glycolysis can be coordinated, an effect which may be important during hepatic lipogenesis. PMID- 6213609 TI - Proton adenosine triphosphatase complex of rat liver mitochondria. Interaction with the ATPase inhibitor peptide covalently labeled with N-hydroxysuccinimidyl-p azidobenzoate. PMID- 6213610 TI - Affinity chromatography and further characterization of the glucosyltransferases involved in hydroxydocosanoic acid sophoroside production in Candida bogoriensis. PMID- 6213611 TI - Purification of the bacteriophage lambda xis gene product required for lambda excisive recombination. AB - Excision of the lambda prophage from the chromosome of its Escherichia coli host requires the products of the two viral genes int and xis. This paper reports a purification of the lambda xis gene product using a complementation assay in which functional Xis must be added to purified Int and an E. coli-derived host factor extract. Excisive recombination between a left (attL) and right (attR) prophage attachment site cloned on the same plasmid DNA substrate occurred efficiently under these conditions. Purified Int and Xis together could not carry out excision in vitro unless an extract derived from the E. coli host was added; purified integration host factor satisfied this requirement. Xis appears to have a molecular weight of 8800 as determined by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate. It possesses no detectable endonuclease or topoisomerase activities, does not appear to bind DNA to filters, and does not increase the ability of Int to bind DNA. The addition of Xis not only stimulated excisive recombination in vitro but also inhibited integrative recombination. Xis protected Int protein from heat inactivation, suggesting a possible interaction between the two proteins. In light of these observations, possible roles for Xis in recombination are discussed. PMID- 6213612 TI - Purification and partial characterization of an acidic fibroblast growth factor from bovine pituitary. AB - Isoelectric focusing has allowed us to fractionate pituitary extracts into basic (pI 8-9) and acidic (pI 4-5) fibroblast growth factor. The acidic fibroblast growth factor (a) is stable upon refocusing, (b) migrates as an acidic protein in urea-containing gel electrophoresis; (c) is not cell-specific, being active with fibroblasts, adrenal, and glial cells, and (d) is a heterogeneous protein fraction with active components of different pI values. The component of pI 4.7, purified to or near homogeneity by isoelectric focusing shows a single peak of activity (Mr = 12,000) in gel chromatography and a single protein band of apparent Mr = 15,000 in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Maximal restimulation of DNA synthesis initiation on serum deprived 3T3 fibroblasts is achieved at 1-2 ng/ml; activity with rat glial cells (C6-3D) is less pronounced than with 3T3 fibroblasts. PMID- 6213613 TI - Biogenesis of the mitochondrial ATPase from sea urchin embryos. AB - The mitochondrial rutamycin-sensitive ATPase from sea urchin eggs was purified to homogeneity. The subunit structure of the enzyme was characterized by SDS-gel electrophoresis. Eight polypeptides were identified with molecular weights of 55,000, 52,000, 39,000, 31,000, 28,000, 23,000, 17,000 and 10,000. Developing sea urchin embryos were incubated with [2H]leucine in the presence of emetine preferentially to label mitochondrially made proteins. Under these conditions sea urchin mitochondria synthesize eight different polypeptides. Two of these proteins, with molecular weights of 31,000 and 23,000, co-purify with the ATPase. Antibody directed against the pure rutamycin-sensitive ATPase precipitated only these two proteins. Therefore, two of the eight sea urchin ATPase subunits appear to be made by mitochondria. PMID- 6213614 TI - An unusual heparan sulfate isolated from lobsters (Homarus americanus). AB - An unusual heparan sulfate was isolated from lobsters (Homarus americanus). The polysaccharide has a composition and properties intermediate to heparin and the more common heparan sulfates. The sulfate and D-glucuronic acid content is high, while anticoagulant activity is low. The major repeating unit appears to consist of D-glucuronic acid and D-glucosamine N-O-disulfate. Some N-acetyl groups are present, the content of L-iduronic acid O-sulfate is low, and monosulfated or nonsulfated disaccharide-repeating units (very common in heparan sulfates) appear to be very rare. The data obtained again emphasize the heterogeneity of heparan sulfates and the need for adequate characterization when dealing with unusual or unexplored sources. PMID- 6213615 TI - The specificity of carboxyl group modification during the inactivation of the Escherichia coli F1-ATPase with dicyclohexyl[14C]carbodiimide. PMID- 6213616 TI - Analysis of microsomal calcium sequestration by steady state isotope exchange. Enzyme kinetics and role of membrane permeability. AB - ATP-dependent calcium sequestration by rat liver microsomes has been analyzed by steady state isotope exchange. Liver microsomes display high affinity for Ca2+; the half-maximal concentration of free Ca2+ is 0.10 microM, and intravesicular steady state concentrations of 7-8 mM Ca2+ are achieved under optimal conditions. The uptake system displays multiphasic kinetics with respect to both Mg-ATP and free Mg2+, suggesting that microsomal preparations contain two distinct Ca2+ sequestering systems. Measurement of the kinetics of Ca2+ sequestration permits independent assessment of the activity of the calcium active transport system(s) and of the permeability of the membrane to Ca2+ backflux. Addition of ionophore A 23187 to microsomes renders them more permeable, and this is reflected in a more rapid equilibration of isotope. Conversely, low levels of free Ca2+ lead to a decreased rate of active transport, and this is reflected in a lower initial rate of isotope exchange. This system should be useful for investigating the mechanisms by which hormones, hepatotoxins, and other agents influence Ca2+ fluxes in cells. PMID- 6213617 TI - Spectroscopic studies on acetylaminofluorene-modified (dT-dG)n . (dC-dA)n suggest a left-handed conformation. AB - CD spectroscopy on the double-stranded strictly alternating dinucleotide polymer (dT-dG)n . (dC-dA)n partially modified by N-acetoxy-N-acetyl-2-aminofluorene suggests a left-handed conformation in concentrated NaCl solutions. Modification of the (dT-dG)n . (dC-dA)n polymer with acetylaminofluorene is required to promote formation of the left-handed helix since high salt concentrations and several other ionic conditions, which cause a similar transition for (dG-dC)n . (dG-dC)n, are ineffective. Furthermore, substitution of dC with 5-methyl dC in (dT-dG)n . (dC-dA)n does not facilitate formation of a left-handed helix, also in contrast to results found for (dG-dC)n . (dG-dC)n. A 62-base pair tract of almost perfectly alternating (dT-dG)n . (dC-dA)n from the 3'-side of the mouse kappa immunoglobulin gene modified with acetylaminofluorene undergoes the salt-induced transition to a left-handed helix when studied within a 140-base pair restriction fragment. High NaCl concentrations alone will not cause the transition for this 62-base pair tract in this fragment nor in the recombinant plasmid pRW777, which contains this fragment. PMID- 6213618 TI - Control of glycoprotein synthesis. UDP-GlcNAc:glycopeptide beta 4-N acetylglucosaminyltransferase III, an enzyme in hen oviduct which adds GlcNAc in beta 1-4 linkage to the beta-linked mannose of the trimannosyl core of N-glycosyl oligosaccharides. AB - Hen oviduct membranes are shown to catalyze the following enzyme reaction: GlcNAc beta 1-2Man alpha 1-6(GlcNAc beta 1-2Man alpha 1-3)Man beta 1-4GlcNAc beta 1 4(Fuc alpha 1-6)GlcNAc-Asn + UDP-GlcNAc leads to GlcNAc beta 1-2Man alpha 1 6(GlcNAc beta 1-2Man alpha 1-3)GlcNAc beta 1-4)Man beta 1-4GlcNAc beta 1-4(Fuc alpha 1-6)GlcNAc-Asn + UDP. The enzyme catalyzing this reaction has been named UDP-GlcNAc:glycopeptide beta 4-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase III (GlcNAc transferase III) to distinguish it from two other GlcNAc-transferases (I and II) present in hen oviduct and previously described in several mammalian tissues. GlcNAc-transferases I and II, respectively, attach GlcNAc in beta 1-2 linkage to the Man alpha 1-3 and Man alpha 1-6 arms of Asn-linked oligosaccharide cores. A specific assay for GlcNAc-transferase III was devised by using concanavalin A/Sepharose columns to separate the product of transferase III from other interfering radioactive glycopeptides formed in the reaction. The specific activity of GlcNAc-transferase III in hen oviduct membranes is about 5 nmol/mg of protein/h. Substrate specificity studies have shown that GlcNAc-transferase III requires both terminal beta 1-2-linked GlcNAc residues in its substrate for maximal activity. Removal of the GlcNAc residue on the Man alpha 1-6 arm reduces activity by at least 85% and removal of both GlcNAc residues reduces activity by at least 93%. Two large scale preparations of product were subjected to high resolution proton NMR spectroscopy to establish the incorporation by the enzyme of a GlcNAc in beta 1-4 linkage to the beta-linked Man. This GlcNAc residue is called a "bisecting" GlcNAc and appears to play important control functions in the synthesis of complex N-glycosyl oligosaccharides. Several enzymes in the biosynthetic scheme are unable to act on glycopeptide substrates containing a bisecting GlcNAc residue. PMID- 6213619 TI - The methyl-accepting chemotaxis proteins of Escherichia coli. Identification of the multiple methylation sites on methyl-accepting chemotaxis protein I. AB - The methyl-accepting chemotaxis proteins (MCPs) are integral membrane proteins that undergo reversible methylation during adaptation of bacterial cells to environmental attractants and repellents. The numerous methylated forms of each MCP are seen as a pattern of multiple bands on polyacrylamide gels. We have characterized the methylation sites in MCPI by analyzing methyl-accepting tryptic peptides. At least two different tryptic peptides accept methyl esters; one methyl-accepting peptide contains methionine and lysine and may be methylated a maximum of four times. The second methyl-accepting tryptic peptide contains arginine and may be methylated twice. Base-catalyzed demethylations of tryptic peptides and analysis of the charge differences between the different methylated forms of MCPI show that MCPI molecules may be methylated a total of six times. The two methyl esters on the methyl-accepting arginine peptide appear to be preferentially methylated in most of the forms of MCPI in attractant-stimulated cells. The ability to acquire six methylations on MCPI allows the bacterial cells to adapt to a broad range of attractant and repellent concentrations. PMID- 6213620 TI - Conformational changes of the Neurospora plasma membrane H+ATPase during its catalytic cycle. PMID- 6213621 TI - Purification of glycoproteins IIb and III from human platelet plasma membranes and characterization of a calcium-dependent glycoprotein IIb-III complex. AB - Human platelet membrane glycoproteins IIb and III are two major integral membrane components that have been identified as sites mediating thrombin-induced aggregation. For purposes of our study, glycoproteins IIb and III were solubilized by extracting platelet plasma membranes with a buffer containing 0.1% Triton X-100 and were separated by gel filtration chromatography on Sephacryl S 300, employing Triton X-100-containing column buffers with or without urea or guanidine hydrochloride. The physical properties of the purified glycoproteins were: for glycoprotein IIb, Rs = 61 A, s20.w = 4.7, f/f0 = 1.7, Mr = 125,000 (hydrodynamic values), Mr = 136,000 (sodium dodecyl sulfate gels); for glycoprotein III, Rs = 67 A, s20,w = 3.2 f/f0 = 2.1, Mr = 93,000 (hydrodynamic values), Mr = 95,000 (sodium dodecyl sulfate gels). Although the amino acid compositions of the two glycoproteins were similar, antibodies raised against glycoprotein IIb did not crossreact with glycoprotein III. If divalent cations were not chelated in the Triton extract, glycoproteins IIb and III coeluted during gel filtration chromatography (apparent Stokes radius of 71 A) and co sedimented on sucrose gradients (apparent s20.w of 8.6), from which Mr = 265,000 was calculated. Glycoproteins IIb and III were coprecipitated by an antibody monospecific for glycoprotein IIb. The two glycoproteins dissociated into monomers when EDTA was added to Triton lysates. Readdition of Ca2+ caused them to reassociate into a complex with physical properties similar to those of the complex in the original Triton lysate. The data show that glycoproteins IIb and III are a heterodimer complex, that complex formation depends upon the presence of Ca2+, and that chelation of Ca2+ causes dissociation into monomeric glycoproteins. PMID- 6213622 TI - Effect of ATPase activation and the delta subunit of coupling factor 1 on reconstitution of photophosphorylation. PMID- 6213623 TI - Calmodulin from neurospora crassa. General properties and conformational changes. AB - Calmodulin from Neurospora crassa has been purified to electrophoretic homogeneity. Equilibrium gel filtration experiments suggest that its Ca-binding properties are indistinguishable from those of vertebrate calmodulins. The isoelectric point of 4.04 and electrophoretic behavior under nondenaturing conditions indicate that N. crassa calmodulin is slightly less acidic than its vertebrate counterpart. The amino acid composition is typical of plant calmodulins with the exception that trimethyllysine is absent and that the content of Ser is unusually high. The tryptic peptide map of N. crassa calmodulin reveals an important number of point mutations as compared to vertebrate calmodulin. Differences in primary structure may explain why N. crassa calmodulin is less potent in the activation of myosin light chain kinase than calmodulins from higher organisms. The far UV circular dichroic spectra of the Ca-, Mg-, and metal-free forms of N. crassa calmodulin are similar to those of vertebrate calmodulin; in contrast, the near UV circular dichroic spectra are very different, apparently due to the differences in Tyr content. The single Tyr residue of N. crassa calmodulin, presumably located in position 138, undergoes an inversion of optical chirality upon addition of Ca2+, but not of Mg2+, to the metal-free protein. PMID- 6213624 TI - H+ ATPase of chromaffin granules. Kinetics, regulation, and stoichiometry. AB - The chromaffin granule ATPase mediates an inwardly directed transport of H+ against concentration gradients, thereby forming and maintaining an electrochemical transmembrane H+ gradient. The kinetics of this ATPase, its activity modulation by changes in electrochemical H+ gradients, and the stoichiometry between H+ transport and ATP hydrolysis were studied in intact bovine chromaffin granules, resealed chromaffin granule ghosts, and highly purified fragmented chromaffin granule membranes. In fragmented membranes the H+ ATPase has a KM for ATP of 69 microM, a maximum of activity at pH 7.3, and a Vmax of 111 nmol/min/mg of protein at 20 degrees C. Trimethyl tin inhibits the ATPase at much lower concentrations than dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, whereas oligomycin, reserpine, and other inhibitors were without effect. In intact chromaffin granules, the ATPase activity was stimulated up to 300% by collapsing the H+ transmembrane gradients. H+/ATP stoichiometry was measured in resealed chromaffin ghosts devoid of ATP and catecholamines under conditions where no net pH changes occur upon ATP hydrolysis. After addition of ATP, the rates of H+ accumulation in the ghosts and ATP hydrolysis were both linear for about 60-100 s, and the ratio of H+ to ATP was 1.71. These data indicate that the H+ ATPase of chromaffin granules has both kinetic similarities and dissimilarities with other known H+ ATPases. The regulation by changes in H+ gradients and the fixed H+/ATP ratio of this ATPase is further evidence of its primary role in establishing electrogenic H+ translocation and H+ gradients in chromaffin granules. PMID- 6213625 TI - Application of immunoperoxidase method to electron microscopic observation of plasma protein on polymer surface. AB - The immunoperoxidase technique was applied to observe the electron microscopic presence of human plasma protein on a polymer surface. Two types of polymer material, i.e., Dacron and a newly synthesized heparinized hydrophilic polymer (H RSD, Toray Industries, Inc.), showed different reactions to human plasma proteins. The hydrophobic Dacron showed a decreased affinity for plasma albumin, but a greater affinity for fibrinogen, alpha 1-lipoprotein, and beta-lipoprotein when compared to H-RSD. The thrombo-resistant H-RSD showed a relatively strong affinity for albumin, but in a spotty or focal manner. Most of the H-RSD surface did not adsorb albumin. Fibrinogen adsorption was observed in areas smaller than albumin adsorption. The adsorption of fibrinogen appeared to occur through certain material. The alpha 1-lipoprotein and beta-lipoprotein were not adsorbed on the H-RSD. The immunoperoxidase method is a sensitive and useful technique in studying the interactions between plasma proteins and the surface of polymer materials. PMID- 6213627 TI - The use of a two-way stopcock to provide a closed system to facilitate percutaneous transluminal angioplasty. PMID- 6213626 TI - A comparison of the in vitro cytotoxicity of four restorative materials assessed by changes in enzyme levels in two cell types. AB - A system is described for assessing the toxicity of freshly mixed restorative materials in vitro by measuring changes in the levels of beta-galactosidase and lactic dehydrogenase in both cultured cells and supernatants. The toxic effects of a zinc phosphate and silicate cement, a composite, and zinc oxide/eugenol were studied on two cell types, macrophages and fibroblasts, after 24 h exposure. Zinc oxide/eugenol, Silicap, and zinc phosphate were toxic to macrophages, in that order; Concise appeared to be nontoxic. Only zinc oxide/eugenol exerted significant effects on fibroblasts. Interposing dentine powder between the test cells and the material ameliorated the effects of all materials, possibly by the absorption of toxic components. PMID- 6213628 TI - Recognition of the familiar words of nursery rhymes by handicapped and non handicapped infants. AB - Nine infants with Down's syndrome (mean MA, 9.1 months), seven non-handicapped infants (mean MA, 9.6 months) and one severely handicapped infant (MA, 9.5 months) were given the choice of listening to familiar nursery rhymes or to the same rhymes with each word reversed such that the rhythms, intonation and stress patterns were kept intact but the words were nonsense. Six infants with Down's syndrome, five non-handicapped infants and the severely handicapped infant had significant preferences for the familiar rhymes, and the strength of this preference increased with increasing mental age. The results suggest that both handicapped and non-handicapped infants are beginning to recognise familial words of nursery rhymes at this age. The relevance of the results for early intervention procedures is discussed. PMID- 6213629 TI - Determination of nicotinamide and metabolic products in urine by high-performance liquid chromatography. AB - A high-performance liquid chromatographic procedure has been developed for the quantitation of nicotinamide, nicotinic acid, nicotinuric acid, 1 methylnicotinamide and 1-methyl-2-pyridone-5-carboxamide in rat and human urines. The procedure utilizes a Varian Model 5020 liquid chromatograph with a UV detector, and an Altex 15 cm X 4.6 mm Ultrasphere-ODS column, employing a linear ion-pair mobile phase gradient. Solvent A contains 10 mM concentrations of pentanesulfonic acid (PSA), tetramethylammonium chloride (TMA) and KH2PO4, and solvent B contains PSA, TMA and acetonitrile. Different pH values for solvent A vary the retention times and thus the separation of the five compounds. Temperature of the system is critical. The conditions found most satisfactory were pH 3.30 and 24.5 degrees C. PMID- 6213630 TI - Specific and sensitive assay of celiprolol in blood, plasma and urine using high performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 6213631 TI - Human plasma inactive renin: purification and activation by proteases. AB - A new affinity chromatographic procedure was devised to purify inactive renin by using a selective hydrophobic interaction of inactive renin to octyl-Sepharose. Additional extensive purification was accomplished by immunoaffinity chromatography on antihuman renin immunoglobulin G-Sepharose. A trace amount of active renin was removed by chromatography on pepstatin-Sepharose. Human plasma inactive renin purified by this method was free from protease inhibitors and permitted the investigation of protease-mediated activation without the acid treatment which was used previously to remove inhibitors. Human plasma kallikrein, human plasmin, cathepsin B1, and arginine esteropeptidases associated with mouse epidermis growth factor and nerve growth factor were effective activators. Human urinary kallikrein, hog pancreatic kallikrein, and rat urinary esterase A were inefficient activators of low potency. Thrombin, factor Xa, factor XIIa, and urokinase did not activate inactive renin. The in vitro activation of 56,000-dalton inactive renin by these proteases was not accompanied by a recognizable reduction in molecular weight. Activation required plasma albumin, presumably as a protecting substance. These results suggest that human inactive renin can be activated by a minimum change in its molecular size. PMID- 6213632 TI - Sterol sulfate metabolism in the adrenals of the human fetus, anencephalic newborn, and adult. AB - The sulfurylation of pregnenolone (delta 5P), dehydroepiandrosterone (D) and cholesterol in subcellular fractions of the separated zones of normal human fetal adrenals as well as the mitochondrial sterol desmolase activities are investigated. The values obtained are compared to those found in adrenal tissues of anencephalics and adults. The 3 beta-hydroxysteroid sulfotransferase activity is localized principally in the cytosolic fraction of the tissues assayed. The highest rate of sulfurylation of delta 5P and D is found in the cytosol of the fetal zone (5 nmol min-1 mg protein-1). The corresponding activities in fetal neocortex, anencephalic, and adult adrenocortical tissues are one tenth of that in the fetal zone. Cholesterol sulfurylation is not detectable under similar assay conditions. The specific activities of cholesterol and cholesteryl sulfate desmolases are 3- 4-fold greater in the fetal zone than in the neocortex. Cholesterol desmolase activity, but not cholesteryl sulfate desmolase activity, is found in adrenal tissues of the anencephalic newborn and adult adrenal cortex. It is concluded that the high levels of delta 5P sulfate and D sulfate found in human fetal plasma arise not only as a consequence of the high capacity of the human fetal adrenal fetal zone to sulfurylate the unconjugated compounds, but also as a result of the conversion of cholesteryl sulfate to delta 5P sulfate and thence to D sulfate. PMID- 6213633 TI - Endocrine and therapeutic effects of aminoglutethimide in premenopausal patients with breast cancer. AB - Aminoglutethimide in combination with hydrocortisone provides an effective therapy in postmenopausal advanced breast cancer patients, with response rates of 37.5--50% having been found. Treatment with aminoglutethimide of only four premenopausal breast cancer patients has been reported in which two patients responded. The clinical and endocrine effects of 1000 mg aminoglutethimide daily and 20 mg hydrocortisone twice daily were studied in 18 premenopausal patients with breast cancer. Eight patients developed menstrual abnormalities, but there were no objective tumor responses in the 14 patients with assessable disease. Adrenal suppression was produced in all patients, with dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate levels suppressed to 20% of baseline values. Estrone and estradiol levels were not suppressed into the postmenopausal range. However, the therapeutic regime resulted in suppression of estrogen peaks after Pergonal administration, thus demonstrating a partial block of ovarian estrogen synthesis. PMID- 6213634 TI - Detection of human Fc (gamma) receptors on streptococci by indirect immunofluorescence staining: a survey of streptococci freshly isolated from patients. AB - With immunofluorescence staining, Fc (gamma) receptors were found on groups A, C, and G streptococci and never on pneumococci or on groups B, D, H, or K streptococci. PMID- 6213635 TI - The contractile properties, histochemistry, ultrastructure and electrophysiology of the cricothyroid and posterior cricoarytenoid muscles in the rat. AB - The contractile, histochemical, morphological and electrophysiological properties of two rat laryngeal muscles, the cricothyroid and posterior cricoarytenoid, have been measured. Both muscles act during respiration to maintain upper airway patency and an even distribution of air in the lungs. The cricothyroid and posterior cricoarytenoid are fast-twitch muscles, having contraction times of 3.4 and 7.2 ms respectively, high myosin ATPase activity, abundant sarcoplasmic reticulum (with average volumes of 9% and 15%, respectively, of the fibre volume) and T-system membrane (with average areas of 0.4 and 0.5 micron 2 micron -3 of fibre). The large areas of T-tubule membrane are reflected in the average specific membrane capacities of 6.5 muF cm-2 to 10.5 muF cm-2, which are high considering the small diameter of the fibres (20-30 micron). Of the two muscles, the posterior cricoarytenoid has the faster contraction time and the more abundant sarcoplasmic reticulum content. In addition, the posterior cricoarytenoid is less resistant to fatigue and demonstrates lower succinic dehydrogenase activity. The fatigability of this muscle, coupled with its general lack of functional reserve, suggest that its failure may contribute to upper airway obstruction during respiratory distress. PMID- 6213637 TI - Cervical instability in Down's syndrome and juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 6213636 TI - Studies on sarcoplasmic reticulum from slow-twitch muscle. AB - Vesicles were isolated from membranes of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) of rabbit slow-twitch muscle by differential and sucrose density gradient centrifugation after homogenization. In some experiments, the vesicles were further fractionated by loading them with calcium oxalate followed by centrifugation in a sucrose density gradient. Protein composition of the isolated vesicles was complex and differed from the protein composition of fast-twitch muscle vesicles. However, other protein components, which were also present in fast-twitch muscle SR vesicles, have been identified: Ca2 + -dependent ATPase, calsequestrin, 160 000 molecular weight glycoprotein and 53 000 molecular weight glycoprotein. The amount of the Ca2 + -dependent ATPase and calsequestrin was several times lower in the slow-twitch muscle SR vesicles. This has been observed in both the original and the loaded vesicles. The slow-twitch muscle SR vesicles showed active calcium transport, Ca2 + -dependent ATPase activity, and the formation of the phosphorylated intermediate under conditions similar to those established for fast-twitch muscle SR. However, these activities, when expressed per mg of total protein, were several times lower than the analogous activities in the SR vesicles isolated from fast-twitch skeletal muscle. When the same enzyme activities were expressed per mg of the 105 000 molecular weight ATPase, the values obtained were very similar in both kinds of vesicles. The results indicate that the slow rate of calcium transport, found in slow-twitch muscle SR vesicles, may be related to a low content of the calcium-transporting ATPase in the membrane. PMID- 6213638 TI - Complex formation of platelet thrombospondin with fibrinogen. AB - Using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, we have demonstrated that purified human fibrinogen forms a complex with adsorbed platelet thrombospondin. The formation of the fibrinogen-thrombospondin complex was specific, saturable, and partially inhibited by mannosamine, glucosamine, and arginine. These same inhibitors have been previously shown to block thrombin-induced platelet lectin activity and platelet thrombospondin lectin activity. Adsorbed thrombospondin also formed a complex with fibronectin, although the extent of complex formation was significantly less than the extent of formation of the fibrinogen thrombospondin complex. Platelet membrane glycoproteins IIb and IIIa, which have been previously shown to bind fibrinogen, did not inhibit the formation of the fibrinogen-thrombospondin complex. The present study supports the hypothesis that the interaction of fibrinogen with thrombospondin on the activated platelet surface may be an important step in the platelet aggregation process. PMID- 6213639 TI - Protective role of superoxide dismutase against diabetogenic drugs. AB - Copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (SOD) is present in relatively high concentrations in the beta-cells of human islets. The activity of the extracted enzyme is partially inhibited upon incubation with the diabetogenic drugs alloxan, streptozotocin, or Vacor. The role of this enzyme in protecting beta cells against chemically induced diabetes was further investigated. Incubation of intact canine islets with alloxan (0.2 mg/ml) and 4 mM glucose decreased the insulin secretory response by 87% during subsequent exposure to 28 mM glucose. Concomitantly the SOD-specific activity (units of enzyme activity per milligram immunoreactive SOD) decreased 50% in alloxan-exposed islets. When islets were protected from alloxan toxicity by including 28 mM glucose with alloxan, the insulin secretory response and SOD specific activity remained identical to controls. Thus, SOD specific activity correlates with maintenance of beta-cell function. To test the effectiveness of SOD against streptozotocin in vitro, canine islets were incubated 10 min with or without streptozotocin (0.1 mg/ml) with 4 mM glucose; their functional integrity was tested subsequently as the insulin secretory response to 28 mM glucose. Exposure to streptozotocin alone decreased the response by 70%; inclusion of SOD (1.5 mg/ml) before and during exposure to streptozotocin completely prevented this effect. Cyanide-inactivated SOD was not effective. The potential of SOD to prevent streptozotocin-induced diabetes was tested in rats in vivo. SOD injected 10 s or 50 min before streptozotocin prevented or significantly attenuated diabetes. Injection of SOD and streptozotocin simultaneously was much less effective, and cyanide inactivated SOD was ineffective. No protection was afforded by injection of SOD 12 or 24 h before streptozotocin. Our results support hypotheses that (a) oxygen radicals mediate the beta-cell toxicity of both alloxan and streptozotocin, and (b) beta-cells may be particularly vulnerable to oxygen radical damage. PMID- 6213641 TI - The effects of psychological preparation on pain and recovery after minor gynaecological surgery: a preliminary report. AB - Investigated the effects of psychologically preparing patients for minor gynaecological surgery. A total of 59 women who were undergoing elective laparoscopy were assigned randomly to three experimental conditions: Preparation, in which an informative preoperative interview was conducted; placebo, in which a reassuring preoperative interview was held; and control, in which no contact was made prior to surgery. The women were assessed postoperatively in terms of pain, anxiety and attitudes and required to complete a follow-up questionnaire that followed a 3-week interval, which assessed subjective report of recovery rate. The results showed similar levels of pain report for all groups, although significantly fewer prepared patients requested postoperative analgesia. No differences in pain reports emerged at follow-up, although there was a tread for prepared patients to report a more rapid return to full health. The results are considered in the context of explanatory models that have been proposed to account for the effects of psychological preparation. PMID- 6213640 TI - The family with a handicapped child: a review of the literature. AB - Research is reviewed on the impact of a handicapped child on the family. While most authors agree that the presence of such a child is a family stressor, there have been few studies using control groups, analytical methods, representative samples, or adequate numbers. The wide age range of the children within and across studies and the diversity of populations confuse some issues and leave others unresolved. In addition, no instrument has been designed to measure specifically the stress in families of a handicapped child. Most authors have not taken into account the dynamic process of rearing a handicapped child, nor have they addressed the problems of having a mildly handicapped child. PMID- 6213643 TI - Orbital subperiosteal hematoma (epidural hematoma of the orbit). AB - Three cases are presented of subperiosteal hematomas, which can be thought of as epidural hematomas of the orbit. One occurred in a child associated with an episode of violent vomiting, the second in an adult with a history of remote head trauma who presented with a slowly progressive course suggestive of thyroid eye disease, and the third in a young patient after acute trauma probably associated with the injections of a local anesthetic agent or possibly the passage of a deep suture. Skull x-rays, computed tomography, and ultrasonographic examinations detected and localized the lesion in each case. Both patients who were operated on enjoyed prompt and total resolution of their symptoms after surgical extirpation of the lesion. In the third patient, the lesion regressed on its own. PMID- 6213642 TI - Chiasmal optic glioma after radiation therapy. Neuro-ophthalmologic/pathologic correlation. AB - A 16-year-old white girl with neurofibromatosis was documented as having progressive visual loss in both eyes over 3 years before diagnosis of a chiasmal glioma. She was then treated with supervoltage irradiation to the sella and parasellar area. Bitemporal fields measuring 5 x 5 cm each were initially used, and source skin distance of 80 cm with coplanar opposing technique was used whereby each field was treated daily to a midplane dose of 186 rads. The patient received a cumulative tumor dose over the 5-week course of 4680 rads. She tolerated this well, and her visual function was stabilized thereafter for over a year. Two years following therapy, she expired suddenly and unexpectedly at home. At autopsy, there was no radionecrosis in the brain or optic nerves, but minimal radiation changes were seen in the tumor. Extensive local invasion was seen in the entire chiasm, adjacent optic tracts and hypothalamus. In addition, other disparate small fibrillary astrocytic gliomas were found in the optic radiations, midbrain, and left anterior midfrontal lobe. This patient therefore documents clinically progressive visual deterioration before irradiation therapy, and palliative visual function stability for well over a year after irradiation therapy. The patient also demonstrates the difficulty in treating a locally aggressive optic chiasmal glioma, its infiltrative nature, and the multifocality of other unsuspected neural tumors in neurofibromatosis. PMID- 6213644 TI - Periodic alternating skew deviation. AB - A 78-year-old hypertensive woman suddenly developed blurred vision, followed shortly by dizziness, difficulty walking with a tendency to veer to the left, and vertical diplopia. Examination 3 weeks later revealed a unique neuro ophthalmologic motility pattern, which may be described as periodic alternating skew deviation. This previously unreported motility disturbance was associated with downbeat nystagmus in our patient, and a focal lesion at the level of the interstitial nucleus of Cajal was demonstrated on computed tomography. The spectrum of physiologically related motility patterns--including periodic alternating nystagmus, cyclic oculomotor paralysis, see-saw nystagmus, periodic alternating gaze deviation, "ping-pong" gaze, and intermittent aperiodic alternating skew deviation--has been considered and is helpful in topical neuro ophthalmologic diagnosis. PMID- 6213645 TI - Stellate block for trigeminal zoster. AB - Stellate ganglion block for relief of pain and prevention of ophthalmic complications in trigeminal herpes zoster has been advised for many years. In a series of 27 patients, control of pain was dramatic after local anesthetic block of the stellate ganglion. This report is presented to stimulate renewed interest in this old form of therapy. Because of the retrospective nature of this investigation, the lack of adequate numbers and the absence of controls, no conclusions on efficacy of treatment can be made. However, enough hope of success is presented to justify a controlled series in a large metropolitan area where adequate numbers of patients can be accumulated for a double-blind protocol. PMID- 6213646 TI - Unilateral sixth nerve paresis. PMID- 6213647 TI - Myasthenia gravis: acetylcholine receptor antibodies and beyond. PMID- 6213648 TI - Fluorescein angiography of optociliary shunt vessels. AB - Progressive loss of vision, optic disc pallor, and optociliary shunt vessels (the Hoyt-Spencer sign) constitute the clinical triad of optic nerve sheath meningiomas. However, optociliary shunt vessels may also follow central vein occlusions, and less commonly occur with a few other conditions. This report presents a comparative study of fluorescein angiograms performed on eight patients with optociliary shunt vessels. Four patients had optic nerve sheath meningiomas, and four patients had central retinal vein occlusions. The following differences in the fluorescein angiograms were noted in the two groups. In the optic nerve sheath meningioma group, the shunt vessels fill earlier (in the arteriovenous phase), the flow drains to central venous tributaries, and the late staining is hyperfluorescent to other veins. However, in the central vein occlusion group, the shunts fill later (in the venous phase), show a flow draining to the outer disc margin, and late staining is eufluorescent with other veins. Although optic nerve sheath meningiomas and old vein occlusions are usually rather easily differentiated by a complete examination, the fluorescein angiographic patterns are not only pertinent with regards to the pathogenesis of optociliary vessels, but in certain cases may be clinically helpful in making an important clinical differentiation. PMID- 6213649 TI - Management of primary optic nerve meningiomas. Current status--therapy in controversy. AB - The diagnosis, pathology, and management of primary optic nerve meningiomas are described from a study of 55 patients collected from the author's own series and the files of the Registry of Ophthalmic Pathology at the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology. Diagnosis may be confusing in childhood, especially in the presence of neurofibromatosis when it must be differentiated from optic nerve glioma. The disease is especially aggressive and life-threatening in the young. Of 15 patients under age 20 years, four died from intracranial extension, five are alive with recurrence, and two without recurrence. In the age group of patients between 20 and 35 years, the disease becomes less aggressive but still life threatening. Of 14 patients in this group, one died of intracranial extension, four are alive with recurrence and seven without recurrence. In the older groups, the condition becomes more indolent in its growth pattern. In this series, no patients over 35 years of age have died from their disease. Surgical excision of the optic nerve and tumor for diagnosis, followed by craniotomy with total removal by unroofing the orbit and optic canal is advocated in the young. If there is orbital spread, exenteration should be performed. Craniotomy and more radical therapy are only indicated if intracranial extension is demonstrated. Radiotherapy is reserved as an alternative to surgery in the older age group. PMID- 6213650 TI - Embolic retinopathy from carotid artery self-injection. A case of true "mainline" talc retinopathy. PMID- 6213652 TI - Bitemporal hemianopsia in basilar artery aneurysm. AB - A 10-year-old boy had a 4-month history of blurred vision and severe occipital headaches. Visual acuity was diminished bilaterally, but ophthalmoscopy was normal, and the correct diagnosis was delayed until inferior bitemporal defects were found. Cranial CT scans and vertebral angiograms demonstrated a giant aneurysm at the bifurcation of the basilar artery. Bitemporal hemianopsia occurring in children is usually due to craniopharyngioma or chiasmal glioma. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a patient whose chiasmal syndrome was due to a basilar artery aneurysm and whose visual deficit improved after occlusion of the aneurysm. PMID- 6213651 TI - Moyamoya disease with central retinal vein occlusion. Case report. PMID- 6213653 TI - Quadrigeminal plate compression caused by a pulsion diverticulum. PMID- 6213654 TI - Computed tomographic sellar and perisellar evaluation. Use of high-dose continuous contrast infusion. AB - Contrast enhancement provides valuable information in cranial computed tomography. We report the use of high-dose continuous contrast infusion as a means of consistently demonstrating major perisellar cerebral vasculature. This method was utilized in examining 73 patients, and three illustrative cases are presented. We propose that this technique be performed as the initial radiographic procedure in evaluating sellar and perisellar lesions. Results of clinical, laboratory, and CT examinations may necessitate additional studies including sellar complex motion polytomography, cerebral angiography, metrizamide CT cisternography, or pneumoencephalography. However, employing the CT techniques described, the role of invasive neuroradiographic procedures in the preoperative evaluation of the sellar and perisellar region requires reconsideration. PMID- 6213655 TI - Mitral valve prolapse and amaurosis fugax. AB - Because there have been reports of ocular and/or cerebral ischemic events associated with mitral valve prolapse, we reviewed a series of patients with mitral valve prolapse to determine the frequency of amaurosis fugax. Among 59 patients, 13 (22%) had symptoms while among 75 controls, only one had amaurosis fugax. We conclude that patients with mitral valve prolapse have an increased risk of ocular and/or cerebral ischemia. PMID- 6213656 TI - Vertical oscillopsia and blurred vision. PMID- 6213657 TI - Radiation therapy for primary optic nerve meningiomas. AB - Optic nerve sheath meningiomas, formerly thought to be rare, have been encountered with surprising frequency since the widespread use of computed tomography. Early diagnosis led to an enthusiastic surgical approach to these lesions, but this has been tempered by the realization that even in the best of hands, blindness followed such surgery with distressing frequency. Optic nerve sheath meningiomas may be divided into primary, secondary, and multiple meningioma groups. Five patients with primary optic nerve sheath meningiomas treated with irradiation therapy are presented in this report. Improvement in visual acuity, stabilization to increase in the visual field, and decrease in size to total regression of optociliary veins, have been documented following irradiation therapy of the posterior orbital and intracanalicular portions of the optic nerve in some of these cases. Although each patient must be carefully individualized, there is no question that visual palliation can be achieved in some cases of optic nerve sheath meningioma. Further investigation of this therapeutic modality in selected cases in advised. PMID- 6213658 TI - Retrobulbar marcaine can cause respiratory arrest. PMID- 6213659 TI - Primary position upbeat nystagmus. Another central vestibular nystagmus? AB - Recent studies of the vestibulo-ocular reflex have revealed a distinct pathway from the anterior semicircular canal to the contralateral oculomotor nucleus via the superior vestibular nucleus. Axons of this pathway ascend in the brachium conjunctivum, while axons of the other semicircular canal pathways ascend in the medial longitudinal fasciculus (MLF). We report two cases of primary position upbeat nystagmus where lesions of the brachium conjunctivum were suggested by computed tomography (CT) scans. One of these lesions was confirmed at autopsy. We concluded that primary position upbeat nystagmus, like downbeat nystagmus, is a type of central vestibular nystagmus resulting from an imbalance of vertical vestibulo-ocular reflex activity. PMID- 6213661 TI - Wernicke's disease complicating surgical therapy for morbid obesity. AB - A case of Wernicke's disease complicating surgical therapy for morbid obesity is presented. Features emphasized include the occurrence of the condition in a nonalcoholic patient and the persistence of neurological signs and symptoms despite prompt therapy. Prophylactic treatment in situations of potential thiamine depletion is essential if iatrogenic Wernicke's disease is to be avoided. PMID- 6213660 TI - The association of periodic alternating nystagmus with periodic alternating gaze. A case report. AB - A 26-year-old man with a recurrent cerebellar medulloblastoma developed periodic alternating nystagmus. During radiation treatment, a bilateral voluntary horizontal gaze paresis appeared, and the periodic alternating nystagmus was replaced by periodic alternating gaze. Several days later, full eye movements returned, as did the periodic alternating nystagmus which had an identical periodicity to the periodic alternating gaze. The underlying pathophysiology of periodic alternating nystagmus and periodic alternating gaze is discussed. PMID- 6213662 TI - Diagnosis of superior oblique palsy. AB - Superior oblique muscle palsy is not only the most frequent cause of acquired vertical strabismus, anomalous head posturing and torsional diplopia, but also the most common isolated oculomotor paralysis seen in everyday ophthalmic practice. Adults typically present to the ophthalmologist with asthenopic symptoms of long duration, while children present with objective clinical signs. An understanding of the available subjective and objective examination techniques will enable the clinician to diagnose the presence of this cyclovertical muscle paralysis. There are clues from the examination that suggest a superior oblique palsy of long duration, which may save the patient a needless neurological workup and a 6-month wait before surgical options can be considered. There are also clues from the examination that suggest the presence of a "masked" bilateral superior oblique palsy. Most cases of previously diagnosed skew deviation, if examined closely, will actually turn out to be mild trochlear nerve pareses. PMID- 6213663 TI - Fourth nerve palsy opposite a black eye. Two patients simulating orbital blowout fractures. PMID- 6213664 TI - Tobacco-alcohol amblyopia. AB - A series of 52 patients with scotomas attributed to tobacco smoking, alcohol consumption, and nutritional deficits--alone and in combination--was reviewed. Whether use of tobacco alone can produce a scotoma has been a controversial point; our series suggests that it can. Central and cecocentral scotomas did occur in association with smoking alone; there seems to be an association between cecocentral scotoma and cigar smoking especially. Central scotomas were seen more often in patients who consumed alcohol. Recovery from either type of scotoma was observed in 3 months when a therapeutic program of abstinence and B vitamins was followed. Although the number of patients we see with these scotomas has decreased, clinicians are urged to be aware of this disorder. PMID- 6213665 TI - Graves' orbitopathy and the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) test. AB - The value of the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) test may be insufficiently emphasized in the diagnosis of patients with euthyroid Graves' disease who have unexplained proptosis or vertical diplopia. We saw three patients who had these orbital symptoms and normal routine serum thyroid studies. The orbital computed tomograms (CT) found an orbital myopathy in all, and the diagnosis of Graves' orbitopathy was made by an abnormal TRH test. Not all euthyroid Graves' patients will show a positive result, but in those who do, the test is diagnostic. The clinical summaries of our three patients and the applications of the thyrotropin releasing hormone test in ophthalmic practice are reviewed. PMID- 6213667 TI - Visual loss and bitemporal hemianopsia. PMID- 6213666 TI - Ophthalmoplegia due to spontaneous thrombosis in a patient with bilateral cavernous carotid aneurysms. PMID- 6213668 TI - Intravenous angiography. PMID- 6213669 TI - Intravenous angiography for extracranial disease. PMID- 6213671 TI - Total alleviation of downbeat nystagmus in basilar impression by transoral removal of the odontoid process. AB - The presence of primary position downbeat nystagmus indicates disease at the cervicomedullary junction where craniovertebral anomalies are commonly encountered. This paper reports a patient whose only symptom was disabling oscillopsia and downbeat nystagmus secondary to basilar impression and Arnold Chiari malformation. He experienced total resolution of his symptoms following transoral removal of the odontoid process. In the past it was felt that ocular signs and symptoms did not improve with surgery for craniovertebral anomalies. In light of this report, the ocular symptoms of craniovertebral anomalies may be considered indications in themselves for surgical intervention. PMID- 6213670 TI - Ophthalmic and central nervous system complications following intracarotid BCNU (Carmustine). PMID- 6213672 TI - Abnormal visual-evoked responses and opsoclonus. AB - A 73-year-old woman presented with classic opsoclonus two weeks following an acute febrile illness. Four weeks later a complete clinical recovery was evident. Six weeks after onset of the problem, or 2 weeks after resolution of the abnormal eye movements, a pattern reversal visual evoked response showed a delayed response in both eyes and had an unusually high amplitude. For the next 2 months the patient complained of occasional blurring of vision. A repeat visual evoked response test after 4 months revealed normal latency and amplitude in both eyes. The possible mechanisms for the visual evoked response abnormality are discussed. PMID- 6213673 TI - Visual-evoked responses. A new abnormality with focal retinal damage. AB - A new monocular pattern-shift visual-evoked response abnormality seen with focal retinal damage is described in a patient with a right parietal malignant astrocytoma treated with 3 pulse doses of unilateral intra-arterial carotid BCNU to a cumulative dose of 750/mg/M2. Ophthalmoscopy showed a minimally blurred right optic disc edge with a large flame-shaped hemorrhage in the right superior quadrant at 11 o'clock, one disc diameter from the disc. Visual-evoked response with right eye stimulation demonstrated prolongation of the major P-100 wave in the right occipital area but not the left. Left eye stimulation was normal at both occipital electrodes. Unilateral occipital slowing ipsilateral to pattern shift presentation--with normal evoked responses from the contralateral eye--was seen in a patient with pathology of the retina. Abnormalities of visual-evoked responses must be interpreted in the context of a good ophthalmoscopic examination and not attributed solely to pathology in the optic nerve and more central structures of the nervous system. PMID- 6213674 TI - The VER: a status report. An experimental but not clinically significant tool. PMID- 6213675 TI - Movement phosphenes in optic neuritis. PMID- 6213676 TI - Norepinephrine therapy of ischemic optic neuropathy. AB - Two monocular normotensive patients with nonarteritic ischemic optic neuropathy and retinal ischemia unresponsive to steroid therapy were treated with intravenous norepinephrine. In both patients, improvement in vision began within minutes after moderate hypertension was produced. A third patient showed no response to this therapy in one eye with established ischemic optic neuropathy, but had prompt recovery of vision in the second eye early in the course of ischemic optic neuropathy. This patient returned with recurrent ischemic optic neuropathy more than 1 year later. At that time she was found to have essential hypertension. One patient could not be weaned from the norepinephrine infusion without recurrent visual loss. In the second patient, controlled hypertensive therapy restored visual acuity to 20/30 during two separate recurrences of ischemic optic neuropathy. Therapy of a later episode of ischemic optic neuropathy was delayed for 2 days, and vision did not improve with norepinephrine infusion. This eye subsequently became painful and required enucleation. Histopathological evaluation showed combined arterial and venous occlusions within the optic nerve and evidence of previous peripapillary choroidal vascular occlusion. Selected normotensive patients with ischemic optic neuropathy and retinal ischemia may benefit from controlled hypertensive therapy induced by norepinephrine infusion. PMID- 6213677 TI - Norepinephrine therapy of ischemic optic neuropathy. PMID- 6213678 TI - Acute cavernous sinus syndrome. PMID- 6213679 TI - Patterns of intellectual deficit in Huntington's disease. AB - The study investigated patterns of intellectual deficit in 13 patients with recently diagnosed Huntington's disease (mean duration of 2.3 years) and 46 offspring "at risk" for the illness using the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS). The results support the idea that certain cognitive skills remain relatively intact at early stages of the disease while other skills are impaired. A consistent pattern of impairment was observed in the patient group which included the Arithmetic, Digit Span, Digit Symbol, and Picture Arrangement subtests. The most striking result was a demonstration of significantly increased variability among the "at risk" population of the Digit Span and Picture Arrangement subtests. These findings suggest that the WAIS may be a useful adjunct to neurological diagnosis for longitudinal monitoring of intellectual changes even at very early stages of the illness. PMID- 6213680 TI - Efficacy and duration of action of procaterol, a new bronchodilator. AB - Procaterol, a new beta-adrenergic agonist, was tested in two different doses in patients with reversible airway obstruction. Single oral doses of 0.05 or 0.1 mg produce an increase in measured expiratory flow rates, and the peak and duration of action are both dose related. Side effects reported during this one-day study were similar to those described with other compounds of this class; they were considered to be mild by the patients and the investigator. From these results, further investigation of this agent in bronchoconstrictive disease appears warranted. PMID- 6213681 TI - Dermatologic therapy: December, 1980, through November, 1981. PMID- 6213683 TI - Fissure sealants versus amalgams: clinical results over five years. PMID- 6213682 TI - Topical clindamycin versus systemic tetracycline in the treatment of acne. Results of a multiclinic trial. AB - In a multiclinic double-blind trial, 305 patients with moderate to severe acne vulgaris were treated with oral tetracycline hydrochloride, 250 mg (N: 103), a 1% solution of clindamycin phosphate (N: 105), or placebo (N: 97) twice daily for 8 weeks. The response to treatment was evaluated by lesion counts and overall clinical improvement at 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks. Both topical clindamycin and oral tetracycline significantly reduced papule and pustule counts compared to placebo; they were rated significantly higher than placebo on the physician's and the patient's overall evaluation at the end of the treatment period. No serious side effects were reported with any of the study medications. PMID- 6213684 TI - A review of pediatric dental pharmacology. PMID- 6213685 TI - The disabled child: an approach to dental treatment. PMID- 6213686 TI - The dental treatment of the cerebral palsied patient. PMID- 6213687 TI - Leaching of unpolymerized materials from orthodontic bonding resin. AB - The unpolymerized material extracted from cured orthodontic bonding resin was analyzed by UV spectrophotometry. Under certain conditions, substantial amounts of the material (approximately 14%) were leached from bracketed teeth. The possible carcinogenicity of these unpolymerized materials is discussed. PMID- 6213688 TI - Differential fertility in bipolar affective illness. AB - The fertility of 134 bipolar probands (60 males, 74 females) was compared with national census data and examined for sex and age-of-onset effects. Fertility was markedly reduced in certain age cohorts in both females and males. When illness onset was taken into account, significant reductions in fertility were observed in the two sexes both before and after onset. The overall reduction in females remained constant over time, but was greater after onset among males. The role of selective forces maintaining affective disorders in the population was discussed in light of genetic and sociodemographic hypotheses. PMID- 6213689 TI - Ligand binding and platelet uptake studies of loxapine, amoxapine and their 8 hydroxylated derivatives. AB - Loxapine, amoxapine and their 8-hydroxylated derivatives were studied by means of [3H]imipramine binding to rat cortical membranes, [3H]spiperone binding to rat striatal membranes, and the inhibition of serotonin uptake by human platelets. As inhibitors of [3H]imipramine binding: amoxapine greater than hydroxyamoxapine greater than loxapine = hydroxyloxapine; as inhibitors of platelet serotonin uptake: hydroxyamoxapine greater than amoxapine greater than hydroxyloxapine greater than loxapine; and as inhibitors of [3H]spiperone binding: loxapine greater than amoxapine greater than hydroxyamoxapine greater than hydroxyloxapine. The antipsychotic properties of loxapine and amoxapine were supported by the binding results, which also indicated the probable antipsychotic activities of the metabolites. All 4 compounds may possess dual action of antidepressant effect as well as antipsychotic effect. PMID- 6213690 TI - Panic attacks in families of patients with mitral valve prolapse. AB - One explanation for the association between mitral valve prolapse (MVP) and panic attacks in clinic populations is that panic attacks represent a set of symptoms caused by mitral prolapse. Since mitral prolapse is often familial, this hypothesis predicts a higher incidence of panic attacks in relatives of persons with prolapse than the general population and the incidence of panic attacks in the relatives should be independent of panic attacks in the proband. We interviewed 50 probands with mitral prolapse and obtained family history data on panic attacks in their first degree relatives. The incidence of panic attacks in these relatives was 4.5 +/- 1.4% which is consistent with control rates which we have reported in previous studies. Twelve MVP probands also had panic attacks. The incidence of panic attacks in their relatives (15.7 +/- 5.1%) was significantly higher than the rate found among relatives of 38 probands without panic attacks (1.2 +/- 0.8%). These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that mitral prolapse and panic attacks are segregating independently in these families. PMID- 6213691 TI - Studies in the relationship between depressive disorders and anxiety states. Part 1. Rating scales. AB - Systematic clinical examination, 7 rating scales for severity and the Newcastle Anxiety Depression Scale were applied in 117 patients with depressive, anxiety or phobic neurosis. "Endogenous" (autonomous) depressions were excluded. Principal component and discriminant function analysis were used to determine whether the depressive and anxiety syndromes could be differentiated from each other. With the aid of discriminant function analysis, separation of the 2 groups was achieved in the full sample and in 2 randomly derived sub-samples. The most powerful discriminators in all analyses were the Hamilton Depression Scale and the Newcastle Anxiety Depression Scale. Discriminant function analysis of the items from the Hamilton Depression Scale showed that it was possible to allocate 90% of the patients to the groups to which they had originally been classified by clinical diagnosis. PMID- 6213692 TI - Studies in the relationship between depressive disorders and anxiety states. Part 2. Clinical items. AB - A principal component analysis of the clinical items recorded on a standard proforma for 108 patients suffering from anxiety, depressive and phobic neurosis yielded 2 clinically important components. There was considerable overlap between diagnostic groups when patients' component scores were plotted but the degree of misclassification was reduced to about 18% following discriminant function analysis. For the first component the most important discriminators with depressive weighting were depressed mood and pessimistic outlook, whereas reactivity of depression and increased physiological responses carried anxiety weighting. In the second component depressed mood and pessimistic outlook were the highest depressive discriminators and highest positive anxiety ones were increased physiological responses, situational phobias and compulsive phenomena. PMID- 6213693 TI - Relevance of plasma levels during clomipramine treatment of primary depression. PMID- 6213694 TI - The treatment of mania. A retrospective evaluation of the effects of ECT, chlorpromazine, and lithium. PMID- 6213695 TI - Repeated dexamethasone suppression test during depressive illness. Normalisation of test result compared with clinical improvement. AB - Serial plasma cortisol concentrations were recorded under controlled conditions after an overnight dexamethasone suppression (DST) in 20 depressed patients with initially abnormal test results. The cortisol levels were related to clinical course. All 20 patients showed normalisation of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) hyperactivity, a mean of 3.4 +/- 1.8 weeks before clinical recovery was achieved. In 4 clinically remitted patients the endocrine disturbance as evidenced by abnormal DST results preceded a depressive relapse. DST results did not appear to be affected by psychotropic drugs including benzodiazepines. PMID- 6213696 TI - Siblings of disabled children: birth order and age-spacing effects. AB - Whereas older siblings of children with congenital disability have lived their earliest years in a "normal" family environment, younger siblings, especially those in a close age-spacing relationship, were born into families marked by the presence of a disabled child. In this paper, 327 siblings of disabled children are compared to 248 siblings from a random sample of families to examine whether the early family environment of siblings of disabled children, as indexed by relative birth order and age-spacing, has a unique influence on psychological functioning. The findings partially confirmed the expected relationships: Younger male siblings, specifically those in close age-spacing relationship to the disabled child, scored higher on psychological impairment than older male siblings. Among female siblings, a similar influence was not in evidence: Younger female siblings were psychologically better off than older female siblings and their age-spacing was not significantly related to psychological functioning. However, the results suggest that siblings' later response to early life experience may be sex-contingent, with males demonstrating interpersonal aggression and females experiencing depressive-anxious feelings. PMID- 6213698 TI - Management of the asthmatic patient undergoing dental surgery. PMID- 6213697 TI - Effects of vestibular stimulation on motor development and stereotyped behavior of developmentally delayed children. AB - Four developmentally delayed babies were given semicircular canal stimulation in an effort to facilitate their motor and reflex development. Each of the children also exhibited abnormal stereotyped movements. The theory was advanced that these movements are related to motor development and that significant improvements in motor abilities will produce changes in the intensity and/or form of stereotypic responding. Semicircular canal stimulation was provided by rotating the children in a motor-driven chair at a velocity of about 17 rpm for 10 minutes daily over a period of 2 weeks. Standard motor and reflex measures were taken before, during, and after the rotation treatment period. Daily observations were made of the children's stereotyped movements. Over the course of the study all of the children showed motor and/or reflex changes that were attributable to the vestibular stimulation. In addition, some evidence was obtained linking changes in stereotypic responding to the vestibular stimulation. PMID- 6213699 TI - Technetium and combined gallium and technetium scans in the neurotrophic foot. PMID- 6213700 TI - Use of benzoylated-naphthoylated DEAE-cellulose to purify and concentrate DNA eluted from agarose gels. PMID- 6213701 TI - A high pressure liquid chromatographic method for the analysis of zearalenone in chicken blood. AB - A high pressure liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method is described to determine zearalenone in chicken blood. Samples are extracted with acetonitrile, followed by a hexane cleanup procedure and extracted further with ethyl acetate. The analysis of zearalenone is by HPLC using a reverse phase radial compression separation system, an ultraviolet absorbance detector and a mobile phase of acetonitrile-water 60:40 (v/v). Recoveries of zearalenone in blood at levels of 50-200 ng/ml are in the range of 66.8-72.6%. PMID- 6213702 TI - Metabolism of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHA) in the mature perfused human placenta (I). AB - A design for the perfusion of one (monoperfusion) or two (parallelperfusion) cotyledos of one placenta was developed for studies of the metabolism of the precursor steroid dehydroepiandrosterone (DHA). Several parameters are used as viability criteria: vascular resistance, glucose and oxygen consumption, lactate/pyruvate ratio, activity of lactate-dehydrogenase (LDH) in the perfusate, extent of perfusion by dye infusion, and morphological description by electron microscopy. A dosage of 2 mg DHA with 2.5 microCi 14C-radioactive labelled marker is given for testing the metabolizing capacity of the placenta. The labelled metabolites DHA, androstenedione (A), testosterone (T), estrone (Oe 1), and estradiol-17 beta (Oe 2) are separated by thin-layer chromatography and measured by scanning and measurements of scraped radioactive spots by scintillation counting. The steroidogenesis is evaluated with the concentrations of Oe 1 at 15 min (Oe 1.15'), Oe 1 + Oe 2 at 90 min (Oe tot, 90'), total aromatization rate (from perfusate and homogenate after 120 min). Results comparable to DHA are found using DHA-sulphate (DHA-S) as precursor, higher amounts of estrogens are metabolized from A. Mature placentas metabolize DHA in relation to the initial DHA concentration: optimal aromatization is found at 250-350 pmol DHA/ml/g, decreased aromatization at higher or lower concentrations. Oe 1 represents the main placental metabolite. PMID- 6213703 TI - Women's labor force activity and responsibilities for disabled dependents: a study of families with disabled children. PMID- 6213704 TI - The development of the habernular nuclei in SPF - cats: a light microscopic and morphometric study. AB - The ontogenesis of the habenular nuclei in SPF-cats is described with respect to cytodynamic processes and the development of differentiations in the epithalamic ventricular wall. The volume was measured in 61 male SPF-cats aged 39 to 584 ontogenetic days. On the 156th ontogenetic day both sides of the nucleus medialis habenulae attain a mean fresh volume of 3.2 mm3 with a growth factor of 2.4 and a half value time of 70 ontogenetic days. Both sides of the nucleus lateralis habenulae reach a mean fresh volume of 4.9 mm3 on the 168th ontogenetic day with a growth factor of 2.8 and a half volume time of 74 ontogenetic days. Both habenular nuclei show early volumetric development in the CNS, whereby the medial nucleus develops before the lateral one. Nerve cell counts are reported for the right nucleus medialis and lateralis habenulae in 29 male SPF-cats aged from 39 to 584 ontogenetic days. During this period, the number of neurons in the right medial habenular nucleus decreases by about 48% and attains a final value of 148,000 neurons on the 83rd ontogenic day. The number of neurons in the right nucleus lateralis habenulae decreases by about 38% and attains its final value of 61,000 neurons on the 72nd ontogenetic day. Since the experimental animals were maintained in a specific pathogen free environment, exogenous pathological influences can be excluded as the cause for this reduction in cell number. PMID- 6213705 TI - The human autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction. III. Immune circuits. AB - The human autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction represents the proliferative response of T cells to determinants presented on autologous non-T cells. Purified T4+ cells vigorously proliferate in response to stimulation by either (B + null) cells or M phi, whereas purified T8+ cells proliferate very little without a source of help. Such help can be provided by mitomycin C-treated T4+ cells, which indicates that proliferation of T4+ cells is not necessary for the help. M phi suppress the human AMLR, as measured by the response of T cells to stimulation by (B + null) cells. The target of this M phi-induced suppression was found to be the T4+ inducer cell. In contrast to the suppressive effects of M phi on T4+ cells, M phi did not suppress T8+ cells. The available data suggest that the human AMLR is a two-part inducer circuit. One part can be stimulated preferentially by M phi and the other by (B + null) cells; however, M phi prevent activation of the (B + null) cell part of the circuit. These results may provide an explanation for the differential activities of different regulatory circuits without and also with antigenic stimulation. PMID- 6213706 TI - Cellular origin of interleukin 2 (IL 2) in man: evidence for stimulus-restricted IL 2 production by T4+ and T8+ T lymphocytes. AB - The human T cell subset(s) responsible for production of interleukin 2 (IL 2) was investigated in the present study. For this purpose, highly purified T4+ and T8+ T lymphocytes were stimulated with mitogens and alloantigens. Subsequently, culture supernatants were analyzed for IL 2 activity in each of two assay systems: 1) proliferation of long-term T cell lines and 2) induction of cytotoxic effector cells from a resting T8+ population incubated in MLC. Mitogen stimulation led to secretion of equivalent amounts of IL 2 from both the major T cell subsets; in contrast, after allogeneic activation, IL 2 was produced predominantly from the T4+ subset. The stimulus dependency of IL 2 production suggests that the individual functional repertoires of T4+ and T8+ T cell subsets may be linked to unique surface receptors and/or interaction molecules involved in cell triggering rather than a restricted capacity to produce lymphokine. PMID- 6213707 TI - Generation of T cell blasts with NK-like activity in human MLC: cellular precursors, IL 2 responsiveness, and phenotype expression. PMID- 6213708 TI - Characterization of a soluble suppressor of human B cell function produced by a continuous human suppressor T cell line. II. Evidence for suppression through a direct action of CTC-SISS-B on human B cells. AB - CTC-SISS-B is an antigen-nonspecific suppressive lymphokine elaborated by an interleukin 2-dependent suppressor T cell line that produces noncytotoxic inhibition of human B cell but not T cell function. Like SISS-B, a soluble suppressive lymphokine present in the supernatants of Con A-activated peripheral blood T cell cultures, CTC-SISS-B is of 60,000 to 90,000 m.w., and its action is blocked by the simple sugar L-rhamnose. CTC-SISS-B inhibits human B cell Ig production and proliferation through a direct interaction with human B cells rather than through indirect effects on immunoregulatory T cells or monocytes. CTC-SISS-B suppression occurs through inhibition of an early event(s) in B cell activation since proliferation and Ig production by established human B cell lines are not inhibited by this lymphokine. Despite sharing many biochemical and biologic properties, CTC-SISS-B and gamma-interferon appear to be distinct mediators. PMID- 6213709 TI - Modulation of F1 cytotoxic potentials by GvHR: suppression of cytotoxic T cell responses of F1 mice correlates with F1 inability to resist the proliferation of GvHR-inducing parental T lymphocytes. PMID- 6213710 TI - Functional activity in vivo of effector T cell populations. I. Antitumor activity exhibited by allogeneic mixed leukocyte culture cells. AB - The in vivo activity of murine cytolytic T lymphocyte-containing effector cell populations generated in vitro was studied in a tumor allograft model system by monitoring the elimination of 131I-IUdR-labeled tumor cells with whole-body counting techniques. Mice were irradiated sublethally and 16 hr later 131I labeled tumor cells were injected either subcutaneously or i.p. Simultaneously, graded doses of various effector cell populations were injected i.v. and the mice were counted daily to assess the potential elimination of the radiolabeled tumor cells. Thus, allogeneic 2 degrees mixed leukocyte culture cells were observed to eliminate allogeneic but not syngeneic tumor cells in a dose-dependent manner, with as few as 0.2 x 10(6) effector cells causing significant destruction of 2 x 10(6) allogeneic tumor cells. The protective effect of the mixed leukocyte culture cells was considerably reduced when Lyt-2+-bearing lymphocytes were eliminated by treatment with monoclonal antibody plus complement. In additional experiments, Lyt-2+ lymphocytes positively selected by enrichment on antibody coated petri dishes gave efficient protection, in the absence of Lyt-2- cells. Surprisingly, when several different cloned, specific, long-term allogeneic cytolytic T cells lines were injected either i.p. of i.v., tumor cell destruction was observed only after i.p. injection. PMID- 6213711 TI - Altered levels of mononuclear leukocytes in tumor-bearing rats: decrease of helper T lymphocytes and increase of suppressor cells. AB - In the spleen and peripheral blood of BN rats with progressive tumors, W3/25+ T helper cells were significantly reduced and OX8+ T suppressor/cytotoxic cells were significantly increased. The ratio of helper to suppressor elements was decreased to 1.6 from a ratio of 3 in normal BN rats without tumors, and this decreased ratio correlated with tumor growth. When tumors were eliminated in vivo by infusion of effector cells (W3/25+ T lymphocytes), the levels of W3/25+ and OX8+ T cells returned to normal and the ratio of helper to suppressor/cytotoxic cells in the spleen and peripheral blood reverted to 3.0 or higher. Macrophages and null cells, T-sIg-, were also elevated in the spleen and peripheral blood of rats bearing expanding tumors and returned to normal levels after cure. Assays of spleen cells for cell-mediated cytotoxicity in rats with large tumors revealed little or no specific cytotoxicity. Cytotoxic activity was high in spleen of rats cured of their neoplasms by infusion of helper cells. PMID- 6213712 TI - Suppressor T cells are activated in vivo in patients with multiple sclerosis coinciding with remission from acute attack. AB - By a variety of assays, investigators (1-4) from several laboratories previously observed changes in numbers of thymus-derived suppressor lymphocytes (Ts) in patients with acute active multiple sclerosis (MS). Changes in numbers of Ts in the peripheral blood compartment of such patients closely follow disease activity. Extending these observations we now report Ts are activated in the peripheral blood of certain patients with MS. This activation occurred in vivo in the majority of patients with active disease, but only during remission after an acute episode of MS. In contrast, activated Ts were found infrequently in patients with chronic progressive or stable MS, with neurologic diseases other than MS, or healthy individuals. The suppressor activity found in peripheral blood T cells during the acute remitting stage of disease was associated with elevated numbers of lymphocytes bearing Fc receptors for IgG and/or OKT8 markers. PMID- 6213713 TI - The specificity of the syngeneic mixed leukocyte response, a primary anti-I region T cell proliferative response, is determined intrathymically. AB - In previous studies, the syngeneic MLR of peripheral T cells was shown to be predominantly an I region-restricted function. In this report we show that adult thymocytes are also capable of responding to syngeneic irradiated stimulator cells in a syngeneic MLR, provided that TCGF is added to the culture system. Using this assay, it was possible for the first time to examine the pattern of I region restriction within the thymus itself. Analysis of the thymocyte syngeneic MLR in thymuses from radiation-induced bone marrow chimeras demonstrated that the MHC preference seen in the peripheral T cell population also existed in cells resident within the thymus. Experiments utilizing congenitally athymic mice transplanted with allogeneic thymic grafts demonstrated that both peripheral T cells and thymocytes from such animals displayed a strong preferential proliferation toward stimulator cells bearing thymic-type MHC determinants. The results in the nude model thus demonstrate that the thymus by itself is sufficient to impart such restriction specificity on a developing T cell repertoire. These results are consistent with the notion that the thymus exerts selective pressure on maturing T cell populations that results in a skewing of the T cell repertoire toward the recognition of thymic-type I region products, and that this MHC preference exists before expansion of T cells in the periphery. PMID- 6213714 TI - Abnormalities of immunoregulatory T cell subsets in patients with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. AB - Patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) have autoantibodies that react with cells in the islets of Langerhans. To determine whether these patients suffer from a more generalized immunoregulatory disorder, the ratio of phenotypic helper to suppressor cells was evaluated by specific monoclonal antibodies. Our experiments showed that the helper/suppressor cell ratio was significantly increased in patients with IDDM of less of 2 mo duration and then gradually returned to normal. Despite the alteration in the helper/suppressor cell ratio, there was no evidence for polyclonal activation as measured by the number of immunoglobulin-secreting plaque-forming cells in the peripheral blood. There was, however, a significant increase in the number of spontaneous plaque-forming cells in patients suffering from both IDDM and Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT). Nonetheless, immunoglobulin production after stimulation with pokeweed mitogen was not different in diabetics with or without HT when compared to normal controls. These findings suggest that subtle changes in the immunoregulatory system occur during the early stages of IDDM. PMID- 6213716 TI - T cell subsets in allograft rejection. In situ characterization of T cell subsets in human skin allografts by the use of monoclonal antibodies. AB - We have provided evidence that both major T cell subsets, T4-positive (helper/inducer) and T8-positive (cytotoxic/suppressor), infiltrate human skin allografts. Overall, and in the graft dermis and graft bed, T4-positive cells were predominant (1.5 to 3 times more numerous than T8-positive cells). In contrast, T8-positive cells were relatively more numerous in the epidermis and hair follicles. Rejection probably proceeded by two apparently independent pathways: 1) direct contact killing of graft epithelial cells, presumably by immunologically specific T8-positive cytotoxic cells, and 2) injury of microvascular endothelium of both the graft and graft bed with secondary graft infarction. Although important in first set skin allograft rejection, the mechanism of the second type of killing is uncertain. T4-positive cells were probably involved, as evidenced by their greater numbers; furthermore, studies in mice have shown that transfused helper/inducer cells are able to effect first-set skin graft rejection. It remains to be determined whether T4-positive cells act alone or cooperate with other cells to destroy vessels and bring about graft rejection. Langerhans cells were recognized in epithelial and dermal compartments of both allografts and autografts by their reactivity with anti-T6 and anti-Ia antibodies. We could not determine whether such cells in allografts were of host or donor origin. PMID- 6213715 TI - Comparison of cell-mediated lympholysis and mixed lymphocyte culture in the immunologic evaluation for renal transplantation. AB - We investigated the relationship between both pre-transplant cell-mediated lympholysis assay (CML) and mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC) and transplant outcome (graft function and survival) in 33 living, related donor renal transplants performed during the past 5 yr. Both assays were excellent predictors of transplant outcome. A positive CML assay was correlated with the occurrence of early acute rejection episodes (p less than 0.005), shortened time to graft dysfunction (serum creatinine greater than 1.5 mg/dl) (p less than 0.001), and poor long-term graft survival (p = 0.07). Similarly, a positive MLC was correlated with acute rejection episodes (p less than 0.005), graft dysfunction (p = 0.001), and poor graft survival (p less than 0.01). To determine the relative prognostic significance of the CML and MLC assays, we compared the correlation of each of them with the occurrence of acute rejection episodes. Under a logistic model of probability, the CML and MLC assays were equally predictive of an early acute rejection episode (p less than 0.01); however, the combination of CML and MLC together improved the accuracy of the prediction of an acute rejection episode by 50%. These results indicate that the CML and MLC assays are independent predictors of transplant outcome and that both tests should be an integral part of the immunologic evaluation of prospective living, related donors for renal transplantation. PMID- 6213717 TI - Functional characteristics of a Ficoll-separated mouse bone marrow cell population involved in skin allograft prolongation. AB - Treatment of recipient mice with donor bone marrow cells and anti-lymphocyte serum (ALS) results in extensive skin graft prolongation beyond that achieved in animals given only ALS. In this study, B6AF1 recipient mice were grafted with C3H/He skin on day 0, treated with ALS on days -1 and +2 and infused on day +7 with donor strain (C3H/He) bone marrow cells. Extensive graft prolongation was achieved either with 25 X 10(6) whole bone marrow cells or with 1 X 10(6) lymphoid-like cells derived from donor marrow that sediment at a rate of 3 mm/hr in a 2 to 4% Ficoll gradient at unit gravity. These allograft-prolonging lymphoid like cells appear not to be CFUs cells, have suppressive activity in in vitro MLC assays, and contain both nylon wool adherent and non-adherent cells. These studies thus show that allograft promoting cells can be isolated from bone marrow utilizing Ficoll gradients. Functional studies suggest that 3 mm/hr sedimenting donor bone marrow suppressor cells may be involved in the induction of allograft prolongation. PMID- 6213718 TI - Fibroblast stimulation in schistosomiasis. II. Functional and biochemical characteristics of egg granuloma-derived fibroblast-stimulating factor. AB - The pathogenetic mechanisms that underlie hepatic fibrosis in schistosomiasis are unknown, but may be under the regulation of molecules secreted by the hepatic granulomas that encase the helminth eggs. Previous studies in mice demonstrated that isolated Schistosoma mansoni egg granulomas can elaborate in vitro substances that stimulate fibroblast proliferation and collagen synthesis. The present study provides the initial characterization of the granuloma-derived factor(s). Serum-free cell culture supernatants from isolated granulomas contained activity that stimulated the uptake of (3H)-thymidine by quiescent human dermal fibroblasts. This activity was present in fractions (Sephadex G-200 chromatography) with estimated m.w. of 30,000 to 40,000. Activity eluted with linear salt gradients from ion exchange columns (DEAE Sephadex) with 0.4 to 0.7 and 1.5 to 1.8 M NaCl (pH 8.4). Activity was present in fractions with approximate pI of 6 to 6.5 and 4, prepared by flat-bed isoelectrofocusing of crude supernatant in granular gel. Activity that stimulated thymocyte proliferation in an interleukin 1 (IL 1) assay was present in crude granuloma supernatants as well as in the partially purified fractions that contained fibroblast-stimulating activity. We conclude that the granuloma-derived fibroblast-stimulating factor has biologic activity similar to IL 1 but on the basis of m.w. and pI determination is distinct from IL 1. PMID- 6213719 TI - Broadly reactive murine cytotoxic cells induced in vitro under syngeneic conditions. AB - Mouse spleen cells became cytotoxic in short-term 51Cr-release assays for a wide variety of target cells after 5 days of culture in vitro with polyinosinic acid in a system that was otherwise entirely syngeneic. This study characterizes these effector cells with respect to target specificity, effect of donor age, time course of their appearance, mouse strain differences, and expression of differentiation antigens Thy-1, Lyt-1, Lyt-2, NK-1, and asialo GM1. The combination of properties of this cytotoxic cell response that make it unique are that a) the broadly reactive cytotoxic activity developed from unprimed spleen cells in the absence of either foreign cells or foreign serum; b) the response did not peak until 4 to 5 days of culture in vitro; c) the broad reactivity pattern included freshly dispersed primary syngeneic sarcoma cells and cultured syngeneic fibroblasts but did not include syngeneic lymphoblast target cells; d) the response was largely monoclonal as defined by target cell binding; and e) cytotoxic cell activity was sensitive in complement-mediated treatments to both anti-NK and anti-theta but not to anti-Lyt-2, anti-Lyt-1, or anti-asialo GM1. Both high- and low-responding mouse strains have been identified. PMID- 6213720 TI - Helper cell function of Leukemic Leu-2a+, histamine receptor+, T gamma lymphocytes. AB - Leukemic cells from a patient with an 11-yr history of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) were found to have the surface phenotype Leu-1+, Leu-2a+, Leu-3a-, sheep erythrocyte rosette+, IgGFc receptor+. The cells also bore a receptor for histamine inhibitable by cimetidine (H-2). The clonal nature of the proliferation was documented by the presence of a consistent marker chromosome (22-trisomy) in metaphases elicited by culture with T cell growth factors. Although the surface phenotype suggested that these cells might function as suppressor lymphocytes, they had an enhancing effect on the pokeweed- mitogen- (PWM) driven generation of plasma cells and reverse hemolytic plaque-forming cells in vitro. This helper activity was modified neither by irradiation of the leukemic cells nor by removal of a minor population of Leu-3a+ cells, suggesting that the effects were attributable to the CLL cells themselves. In addition to these functions, the CLL cells were active in antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) assays in association with expression of Fc receptors for IgG. The ADCC was diminished when a transient loss of the Fc receptor expression was observed. No activity in natural killer cell assays employing K-562 cells or herpes simplex virus- (HSV) infected cells as targets could be attributed to the leukemic clone. These studies indicate that the cell surface phenotype, as defined by monoclonal antibodies, may not always predict the functional state of a particular cell, and suggest that within the Leu-2a+ (TH-2+) population of human lymphocytes, some helper as well as suppressor/cytotoxic cells are to be found. PMID- 6213721 TI - Use of labeled protein A in quantitative immunochemical analysis of antigens and antibodies. PMID- 6213722 TI - A critical study of the use of staphylococci containing protein A for separation of IgG and IgM antibodies. AB - This study was to determine the best conditions for using staphylococci bearing protein A to separate IgG from IgM. The validity of the technique was evaluated for detection of IgM with antimicrobial activity and for typing monoclonal IgM. The results indicate that separation of IgG and IgM is not entirely satisfactory in normal sera and worse in hyperglobulinemic sera. The detection and titration of IgM antimicrobial antibodies (rubella and hepatitis B core (HBc) specific IgM) was unreliable because IgG was only partially absorbed by staphylococcal cells, while a significant portion of IgM was bound. The use of higher concentrations of staphylococci did not improve the results because the more IgG was absorbed, the more IgM was also bound. It is shown that with anti-HBc specific IgM the risk of misinterpretation is very high with a sensitive radioimmunoassay technique allowing detection of trace amounts of nonabsorbed IgG. In contrast staphylococcal protein A proved useful in typing monoclonal IgM. PMID- 6213723 TI - Suppressor cell function is preserved in pemphigus and pemphigoid. AB - Human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) are activated to become suppressor T cells (S-T-C) by incubation with Concanavalin-A (Con-A). This has become the standard method for evaluation of suppressor function in patients. S-T-C function has been found to be impaired in several autoimmune diseases, including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Using this assay, we have investigated suppressor-cell function in 2 autoimmune disorders, bullous pemphigoid (BP) and pemphigus vulgaris (PV), studying 6 patients from each group. Three patients with active SLE (positive controls), and 11 normal donors (negative controls) were also included. None of these patients had received systemic therapy with the exception of 2 patients with PV who were treated with gold in the past. PBL from these patients were incubated with and without 40 micrograms/ml Con-A for 72 hr to generate suppressor cells. Both groups of PBL were then irradiated wih 1500 r cobalt. Co-cultures were set up in sextuplicate using normal PBL as responders. Responder PBL were stimulated with 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 micrograms/ml of phytohemagglutin (PHA) and 5.0, 10.0, and 20.0 micrograms/ml of Con-A. Cultures were pulsed on day 3 with 3H-thymidine and harvested on day 4. Data were analyzed using Student's t-test. S-T-C function was found to be significantly impaired in SLE vs normal (p = 0.0316). No statistically significant difference was seen in BP (p = 0.5883) and PV (p = 0.0921) as compared with normals. A defect in suppressor cell function may still be present in patients with PV and BP for the defect may be antigen-specific and therefore remain undetected by the Con-A suppressor assay. PMID- 6213726 TI - [Study of mesh wrapping method for extensive dissecting aortic aneurysm (author's transl)]. PMID- 6213724 TI - Immunoresponsiveness in acute babesiosis in humans. AB - Immunoresponsiveness in patients with acute babesiosis was characterized. Lymphocyte subpopulations, mononuclear cell responses to nonspecific mitogens, and serum immunochemical values were studied in patients during acute babesiosis and after recovery (four to 40 months), controls, and seropositive individuals. Serum studies were also carried out retrospectively on stored sera from patients with babesiosis. Mean and differential lymphocyte counts and percentages of B lymphocytes were higher than in controls in patients with acute babesiosis, and levels of T lymphocytes bearing the IgG Fc receptor (T gamma) were significantly (P less than 0.01) elevated. Responses to nonspecific mitogens were suppressed during acute babesiosis. Levels of serum IgG and IgM and Clq binding were significantly increased whereas C3 and C4 levels and hemolytic activity were suppressed in acute-phase sera. The apparent paradox of an increased T suppressor/cytotoxic population in the presence of evidence of increased in vivo lymphocyte function is discussed in terms of the heterogeneity of the T gamma subpopulation. PMID- 6213727 TI - Impaired synthesis of intracellular heparan sulfate in skin fibroblasts of Lowe's syndrome. AB - Synthesis and distribution pattern of intracellular GAG were evaluated skin fibroblasts cultured from two patients with Lowe's syndrome and control children. After trypsinization and Pronase treatment of fibroblasts at around the tenth generation of passage and at the stage of culture confluence, GAG were isolated by precipitation with CPC in the presence of 0.25M NaCl and analyzed by cellulose acetate electrophoresis in 0.05M barium acetate buffer. Relative proportion of intracellular heparan sulfate was about 20% of total in Lowe's syndrome fibroblasts and 35% to 40% in control fibroblasts. Incorporation experiments with labeled precursors showed that [35S]sulfate incorporation into intracellular heparan sulfate of Lowe's syndrome was about half that of controls. There were no significant differences in [38S]sulfate uptake into dermatan sulfate and chondroitin sulfate isomers between Lowe's syndrome and control fibroblasts. The results of incorporation experiment with [14C]glucosamine were essentially the same as with [35S]sulfate. There was no apparent tendency for undersulfation in intracellular sulfated GAG of Lowe's syndrome fibroblasts. These results suggested that impaired synthesis, rather than defective sulfation, of intracellular heparan sulfate might characterize one of the metabolic aberrations in Lowe's syndrome fibroblasts. PMID- 6213725 TI - Effect of beta-lactam antibiotics of the resistance of the digestive tract of mice to colonization. AB - Four broad-spectrum antibiotics-azlocillin, mezlocillin, cefuroxime, and moxalactam - were injected subcutaneously into mice twice a day. The animals divided into treatment groups for each antibiotic and then into subgroups, each subgroup receiving a different dose of antibiotic. The effect of treatment on the resistance of the digestive tract to colonization and the effect of treatment on endogenous gram-negative and intestinal streptococcal flora was studied: resistance to colonization decreased during treatment with approximately 0.9 mg of antibiotic per mouse per day. During treatment with this dose or a higher dose, Escherichia coli or a strain of Enterobacter resistant to the antibiotic being used grew to significantly higher numbers per gram of feces than in the control groups. The resistance of the digestive tract to colonization in mice decreases during systemic treatment with all four antibiotics at or above certain dose levels, a result also likely to occur in humans. PMID- 6213728 TI - [Renal artery stenosis following kidney transplants. Report on three cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 6213729 TI - Comparative study in the treatment of acne vulgaris with cyproterone acetate, tetracycline and vitamin A acid. PMID- 6213730 TI - Two-step cloning of the Escherichia coli regulatory gene ompB, employing phage Mu. AB - It is difficult to clone directly some regulatory or structural genes on the basis of their functions, because of their obscure properties or the leakiness of their mutants. To overcome this problem, a two-step cloning method with use of phage Mu was developed and applied to cloning of the ompB gene, an obscure regulatory gene for major outer membrane proteins of Escherichia coli. The ompB gene was first inactivated by phage Mu insertion, and the approximately 25 kilobase (kb) EcoRI fragment, which hybridized with phage Mu DNA, was cloned into a plasmid vector, pBR322. This DNA fragment was considered to contain not only a portion of phage Mu DNA but also a portion of the ompB gene DNA. With this DNA as a probe, the wild-type ompB+ strain was found to contain a 12.7-kb EcoRI fragment which hybridized with the probe. In the second step, this 12.7-kb EcoRI fragment was cloned into a lambda phage vector, lambda 569. Lysogenization of an ompB mutant with this phage suppressed OmpB- phenotypes, indicating that the 12.7-kb EcoRI fragment carried the ompB gene. The same 12.7-kb DNA fragment, as well as a 3.8-kb EcoRI-BamHI subfragment, was cloned into pBR322. Both plasmid clones were able to suppress the OmpB- phenotypes upon transformation of an ompB mutant. PMID- 6213731 TI - Immunoglobulin idiotopes expressed by T cells. I. Expression of distinct idiotopes detected by monoclonal antibodies on antigen-specific suppressor T cells. AB - The idiotopic repertoire expressed by antigen-specific suppressor T cells (Ts) generated by Streptococcus pneumoniae strain R36a (Pn) in BALB/c strain mice was investigated using a panel of five monoclonal anti-idiotopic antibodies against TEPC-15/HOPC-8 myeloma proteins. Previous studies suggested that the anti idiotopic antibodies recognize distinct idiotopic determinants within the T15 idiotype, and that Pn-reactive B cells express all of those idiotopes as shown by a specific inhibitory effect of the anti-idiotopic antibodies on induction of anti-Pn response in vitro as well as on the mature antibody plaque-forming cells. In this study we asked the question of whether anti-idiotopic (Id) can block the inductive and/or effector phases of generation of Ts which act on the Pn-reactive B cells. The presence of anti-Id during the activation of T cells with Pn did not prevent the generation of Ts. However, suppression mediated by Ts on responder lymphocytes (cultures of spleen cells or B cels) was inhibited (reversed) by four out of five anti-Id. Some of the antibodies recognize hapten (phosphorylcholine) inhibitable Id in the paratope of Ig whereas others are directed against nonparatopic Id. These data indicate that the antigen receptor on Ts includes VH sequences both within and without the immunoglobulin in paratope, and that the Id repertoir of Ts overlaps with that of B cells. PMID- 6213732 TI - Genetic control of the immune response to myoglobins. Both low and high responder T cells tolerant to the other major histocompatibility complex help high but not low responder B cells. AB - We sought to examine the role of immune response (Ir) genes in helper T cells. To eliminate allogeneic effects, we used neonatally tolerized mice. The results bear not only on the mechanism of Ir genes, but also on the development of the T cell repertoire. B 10.BR (H-2(k)) or C57BL/10 (H-2(b)) mice, which were low responders to myoglobin (Mb), were neonatally tolerized to high responder H-2(d) alloantigens, and B10.D2 mice, which were high responders to Mb, were neonatally tolerized to low responder H-2(k) or H-2(b) alloantigens. Spleen cells from these tolerized mice did not show any reactivity in mixed-lymphocyte reaction or cell mediated lympholysis against alloantigens used in tolerization. Mb-immune F(1) B cells were helped comparably by Mb-immune tolerized low or high responder T cells. Thus, low responder T cells functioned equivalently to high responder T cells. The failure of nonimmune T cells from tolerized low responder mice to help F(1) B cells and antigen-presenting cells (APC) indicated that collaboration between B10.BR or C57BL/10 T cells and F(1) B cells was not caused by a positive allogeneic effect. Spleen cells from tolerized mice were contaminated with 2-4 percent chimeric F(1) cells, as judged by fluorescence-activated cell sorter analysis, and no F(1) alloantigens were detectable in the thymus. However, removal of chimeric F(1) T cells from the tolerized cell population by treatment with anti-H-2 and complement did not change the helper activity of tolerized low responder T cells. These data indicated that helper activity in the T cell population from low responder mice was not due to F(1) cells. Also, the level of contamination was not sufficient to quantitatively account for the help. In examining the genetic restriction of these tolerized T cells, we found that T cells from tolerized low responder B10.BR or C57BL/10 mice helped F(1) or high responder B10.D2 B cells and APC but not syngeneic B10.BR or C57BL/10 B cells and APC, which were immunized with Mb-coupled fowl gamma globulin instead of Mb to prime low responder B cells with Mb. On the other hand, high responder B 10.D2 tolerized T cells helped syngeneic B 10.D2 B cells but not allogeneic low responder B10.BR B cells. These data indicated that clones of helper T cells specific for Mb exist in low responder mice, and these are not phenotypically different from those in high responder mice, in that both help high responder and F(1) but not low responder B cells and APC. These data are discussed in terms of the mechanism for Ir gene control, and the mechanism of T cell repertoire development- whether intra- or extrathymically-in neonatally tolerized mice. PMID- 6213733 TI - H-2-controlled suppression of T cell response to lactate dehydrogenase B. Characterization of the lactate dehydrogenase B suppressor pathway. AB - We characterized the cell types involved in the H-2-controlled suppression of T cell response to lactate dehydrogenase B (LDHB). The suppressor effector (Tse) was found to be an Lyt-1+2+, J+ cell that recognizes antigen together with Ek molecules of antigen-presenting cells (APC). To become functional, the Tse cell requires a second signal from a nonspecific, Lyt-1+2-, J+ suppressor-inducer (Tsi) cell. The Tsi-Tse interaction is not subject to any genetic restriction. The target cell of suppression is an Lyt-1+2-, J- (most likely T helper [Th]) cell that recognizes LDHB in the context of A molecules on APC. The suppression is manifested in inhibition of the antigen-specific, A-restricted proliferation of Th cells. The interaction between Tse and Th is restricted by the A region of the H-2 complex. Because this restriction is determined by the receptor of Th cells, the mechanism of Th-Tse interaction most likely involves a concomitant recognition of LDHB and A region-controlled molecules by Th cells on the surface of Tse cells. PMID- 6213734 TI - Two distinct mechanisms regulate the in vivo generation of cytotoxic T cells. AB - Treatment of responder cells with monoclonal anti-Ly-1,2 antibodies plus complement in vitro completely eliminated their ability to generate azobenzenearsonate (ABA)-specific cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTL). However, addition of the concanavalin A-stimulated supernatants of rat spleen cells (Con A Sup) can fully reconstitute the response. Therefore, Lyt-1,2-bearing T cells are required for the generation of ABA-specific CTL, and such requirement can be replaced by factors present in the Con A- sup. Suppressor T cells (Ts), when adoptively transferred into naive recipients, will inhibit the in vivo priming of CTL. This inhibition can also be reversed by in vitro addition of Con A-Sup. furthermore, mice serving as donors of Ts also show profound unresponsiveness when primed and restimulated in vitro. In contrast to the Ts-mediated inhibition, in vitro addition of Con A-Sup was unable to abolish the unresponsiveness observed in these cultures. Thus, we identified two unresponsive states in a hapten-specific killing system that differ in their ability to be reconstituted by Con A-Sup. PMID- 6213735 TI - Paradigms and processes in reading comprehension. AB - This article compares several methods of presenting text, including a new paradigm that produces reading-time data with many of the characteristics of naturally occurring eye-fixation data. In the new paradigm, called the moving window condition, a reader presses a button to see each successive work in a text, and the previous work is removed when a new work appears. The words appear in the same position that they would in normal test, and word-length information is available in peripheral vision. The results are qualitatively and quantitatively compared to the results obtained by monitoring the eye fixations of subjects reading normal text. The word-level effects are generally similar. Readers pause longer on longer words, on less frequent words, on words that introduce a new topic, and at ends of sentences. The results suggest that readers initiate thr processing of each word as soon as they encounter it rather than buffer words and delay processing. Also considered are two other reading-time paradigms, one in which words are cumulatively displayed on the screen and one in which each successive word is presented at the same location on the screen. Finally, we consider how the tendency to immediately process text might interact with other techniques for text presentation, such as the rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) condition, and we generate predictions about the nature and limits of the method. PMID- 6213736 TI - Reading with and without eye movements: reply to Just, Carpenter, and Woolley. AB - Just, Carpenter, and Woolley propose that measures of single-word processing times, such as gaze durations during normal reading or durations of reader controlled exposures, can be used both for developing theories of comprehension and for determining the course of new reading technologies. We argue that better understanding of comprehension processes does not necessarily follow from observed correlations between text variables and eye-fixation parameters. Further, recent rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) research suggests that eye fixation data obtained from studies of normal reading might have little practical value in optimizing the readability of RSVP displays and other means of text presentation. PMID- 6213737 TI - A biochemical and morphological investigation of alkaline phosphatase and Ca+2 ATPase during initial mineralization in chick embryonic tibia. AB - Biochemical analysis of the enzymes alkaline phosphatase and Ca+2-ATPase in the membrane fraction obtained from chick embryonic tibias showed a positive correlation between the elevated activity of these two enzymes and the onset of mineralization. Histochemistry further showed an increased intensity of alkaline phosphatase at the time of the onset of mineralization. It seems that both of these enzymes are involved in the process of mineralization. PMID- 6213738 TI - "Myopathic" changes in chorea-acanthocytosis. Clinical and histopathological studies. AB - Four cases of chorea-acanthocytosis were studied with special reference to muscular changes. All the cases showed the clinical stigmata of oro-linguo-facial dyskinesia with tongue biting, mild neurogenic muscular involvement and acanthocytosis. Serum creatine kinase (CK) was persistently elevated, showing MM type isozyme predominance. Histopathological studies of the peroneus brevis muscle showed prominent small group atrophy, increase of small fibers on diameter analysis, frequent angulated fibers, and angulated fibers with increased acid phosphatase activity. These findings are compatible with chronic denervation. However, central nucleation (approximately 10%) and fiber splitting (2-8%) were also found in all cases. These are compatible with myopathic changes. No correlation of these "myopathic" changes and serum CK levels was found. The "myopathic" findings are probably secondary to chronic denervation. PMID- 6213739 TI - Effects of lesions of fastigial nucleus on static and dynamic responses of muscle spindle primary afferents in the cat. PMID- 6213740 TI - Extradural lipomatosis simulating an acute herniated nucleus pulposus. Case report. AB - A 48-year-old laborer presented with a 1-year history of low-back pain radiating into the posterior aspects of both thighs. Two weeks before admission, acute exacerbation resulted in signs and symptoms of compressive radiculopathy at L-5. Myelography revealed concentric constriction of the lower thecal sac due to abundant fat, as shown by computerized tomography. Laminectomy produced immediate relief of pain. The significance of these findings and a review of the literature are presented. PMID- 6213741 TI - Absolute quantitation of radiotracer uptake in the lungs using a gamma camera. AB - A transmission-emission method for the absolute quantitation of Tc-99m in the lungs with a computerized gamma camera is described. The method requires no measurements of the linear attenuation coefficients of the lung and chest wall, or of their thickness. It yields results of acceptable accuracy for everyday clinical use and offers the great advantage of avoiding the use of a phantom. The method could be extended for the absolute quantification of Tc-99m agents in soft tissue and bone with errors of less than 10%. PMID- 6213743 TI - Scintigraphic evidence for the regression of skeletal metastases from a hypernephroma following long-term treatment with medroxyprogesterone acetate. PMID- 6213742 TI - Cerebral perfusion imaging with albumin microspheres tagged with Tc-99m and In 111 in cases with internal carotid occlusion. AB - Cerebral perfusion imaging with dual-tracer (Tc-99m and In-111) human albumin microspheres (HAM scintigraphy) was performed in 15 cases with unilateral occlusion of the internal carotid artery, for the diagnosis and evaluation of collateral circulation patterns. After injection of Tc-99m microspheres into one common carotid artery and In-111 HAMs into the other, two perfusion images, one for each carotid artery, were clearly differentiated by appropriate pulse-height discrimination. With this method, diagnosis of internal carotid artery occlusion was definitely made in eight patients, suspected in six, and missed in one. The collateral perfusion areas from the contralateral ICA and ipsilateral external carotid artery were well demonstrated by this method, and the scintigraphic results agreed well with the angiographic findings in all cases. Dual-tracer HAM scintigraphy is capable of adding information about collaterals at the capillary level to the anatomic information obtained by angiography. PMID- 6213744 TI - Effect of L-leucine-supplemented diet on the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide content of rat liver. AB - The hepatic nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) content was significantly lower in rats fed a diet supplemented with 0.45-10% L-leucine for 1-3 weeks than in control rats fed laboratory chow (24.6% protein). High dietary levels of leucine did not affect the activity of hepatic tryptophan pyrrolase or quinolinate phosphoribosyltransferase, which are key enzymes in the tryptophan leads to NAD pathway. The increased hepatic NAD contents 4 hours after intraperitoneal injections of the NAD precursors L-tryptophan, niacin and nicotinamide were not influenced by excess dietary leucine. These observations suggest that decrease in the hepatic NAD content by excess dietary leucine is not due to alteration of NAD metabolism resulting from accumulation of leucine or its metabolite. The uptake of 1 mM L-[side chain-2,3-3H]tryptophan into isolated jejunal segments was inhibited markedly by 10 mM-leucine. Similar inhibitory effects were observed with 10 mM L-valine, L-isoleucine, L-phenylalanine and L methionine, but not-L-lysine, L-aspartate, L-alanine or glycine. The radioactivity in portal blood after administration of a solution of 10 mumol of L [side chain-3-14C]tryptophan in 1 ml of physiological saline by stomach tube was inhibited markedly by addition to the solution of 100 mumol of L-leucine or the other amino acids that inhibited L-tryptophan uptake by isolated jejunal segments. These findings strongly suggest that decrease in the liver NAD content by excess dietary leucine is mainly due to competitive inhibition by L-leucine of intestinal absorption of L-tryptophan. PMID- 6213745 TI - Developmental changes in composition of cats milk: trace elements, minerals, protein, carbohydrate and fat. AB - The concentrations of iron, copper, zinc, manganese, calcium, magnesium, protein, carbohydrate and fat were analyzed in cats' milk during the course of lactation. Cats' milk is different from most species in that the concentrations of iron, copper, zinc and manganese are lower during the first 2 days of lactation than on days 3-7. After the initial rise in the concentration of these elements, the concentration of iron decreased from 5.9 micrograms/ml to 3.0 micrograms/ml, with most of the decrease occurring between days 8 and 21. Copper concentration declined from 1.6 micrograms/ml to 0.8 microgram/ml, with most of the change occurring between days 8 and 28. Concentration of manganese increased during lactation, from 0.14 microgram/ml of 0.39 microgram/ml. Calcium concentration increased rapidly during the first 3 weeks from 550 micrograms/ml to 1500 micrograms/ml, with little change thereafter. The magnesium concentration (congruent to 100 micrograms/ml) and zinc concentration (congruent 6 micrograms/ml) were not affected by stage of lactation. Protein increased during lactation from 4% to 7%, and fat from 3% to 5%, whereas carbohydrate concentration (congruent 4%) did not change significantly. These data demonstrate that the nutrient intake of the kitten changes markedly during the early neonatal period and that these changes should be taken into account in evaluating studies of suckling cats. PMID- 6213746 TI - Anorexia nervosa: recognition and management. PMID- 6213747 TI - Lichenoid reaction of oral mucosa and skin to methyldopa. PMID- 6213748 TI - Considerations in the dental treatment of patients with multiple sclerosis. PMID- 6213749 TI - Staining of composite resins by cigarette smoke. PMID- 6213750 TI - Services for children: challenge for the 1980s. PMID- 6213751 TI - Mesenchymal dysgenesis in a patient with Down's syndrome. PMID- 6213752 TI - Separation of omphalopagus twins. AB - The study and successful separation of a pair of omphalopagus twins weighing 1690 g at birth is presented. The test of greatest usefulness was an oral glucose tolerance test that demonstrated an absence of parasitism. Subsequently, it was found that the twins had a joined liver but separate GI and GU tracts. The time for separation was determined by observing the twins' toleration of compression of the bridge. Initially, obliteration of the tunnel-like connection would cause considerable respiratory distress. However, in the month before surgery, the tunnel could be compressed to the point of obliteration without causing tachypnea or other signs of respiratory distress. The change in toleration of compression was related to unequal growth of the twins and their connecting bridge. Though the weight of the twins quintupled in their first 6 mo, the circumference of the bridge remained the same. The surgery was carried out on a single table without frames. The twins were draped using self-adhering plastic. Intravenous fluoroscein was used to demarcate the large liver juncture, thus expediting the separation. PMID- 6213753 TI - Milk hypersensitivity in an infant with gastroschisis. PMID- 6213754 TI - Systemic immune response to oral colonization. PMID- 6213756 TI - Biosynthesis of complement components in chronically inflamed gingiva. PMID- 6213755 TI - The identification of lymphoid cell subpopulations in sections of human lymphoid tissue and gingivitis in children using monoclonal antibodies. PMID- 6213757 TI - Alveolar bone destruction in the immunosuppressed rat. PMID- 6213758 TI - Scanning electron microscopy of the gingival wall of deep periodontal pockets in humans. PMID- 6213760 TI - Localized damage to the periodontal ligament and its effect on the eruptive process of the rat incisor. PMID- 6213759 TI - Magnification angiography in beagles with periodontal disease. PMID- 6213761 TI - Bone regeneration in orthodontically produced alveolar bone dehiscences. PMID- 6213762 TI - Bone regeneration in alveolar bone dehiscences produced by jiggling forces. PMID- 6213763 TI - New sustained release dosage form of chlorhexidine for dental use. I. Development and kinetics of release. PMID- 6213764 TI - A quantitative study of skeletofusimotor innervation in the cat peroneus tertius muscle. AB - 1. Physiological tests were used to identify skeletofusimotor or beta axons to the cat peroneus tertius muscle in order to assess the proportion of beta axons in the motor supply to this muscle. 2. Static beta axons (beta S) were identified by: (a) observation of a delay between the complete block of extrafusal contraction and the failure of spindle activation upon prolonged stimulation, (b) increase of spindle excitation with stimulation frequencies above that eliciting maximal extrafusal contraction, (c) observation of 'unfused' frequencygram of spindle primary afferent discharge during stimulation of the axon at frequencies above that eliciting complete fusion of extrafusal contraction and (d) static action exerted on the response of the spindle afferent to ramp stretch. 3. Dynamic beta axons (beta D) were identified by the persistence of spindle activation after selective block of extrafusal neuromuscular junctions and by their dynamic action on spindle primary endings. 4. The actions of 116 motor axons (conduction velocity 56-104 m/sec) on ninety-five spindle afferents (fifty seven from primary and thirty-eight from secondary endings) were examined in ten experiments. Thirty-six beta axons (31% of the total sample) were identified: twenty-four beta S (conduction velocity 69-104 m/sec) and twelve beta D (conduction velocity 56-91 m/sec). 5. Twenty (35%) primary endings were activated by a beta S and sixteen (28%) by a beta D axon. Nineteen (45%) secondary endings were activated by a beta S and five (13%) by a beta D axon. Convergence of beta D and beta S axons on the same spindle occurred in 10% of instances. beta innervated spindles were also supplied by gamma axons. 6. Most of the beta S motor units were of the fast-fatigue resistant (FR) type, with a few units of the fast-fatigable (FF) type, and nearly all the beta D motor units were of the slow (S) type. PMID- 6213766 TI - The value of immunological concepts in medicine. The Croonian Lecture 1981. PMID- 6213765 TI - Motor units and immunohistochemistry of cat soleus muscle after long periods of cross-reinnervation. AB - 1. Cat soleus (slow twitch) was cross-reinnervated with nerve to flexor hallucis or digitorum longus muscle (fast twitch). More than 3 years later motor unit isometric contractions and muscle immunohistochemistry and histochemistry were investigated. All muscles differed from normal fast or slow muscle.2. The motor units could be divided into two groups: one with fast twitches and low tetanic tension, the other with slow twitches and high tension. This is the reverse of the relation between motor unit twitch time and tetanic tension in normal muscle (fast or slow).3. Motor unit twitch time to peak decreased with axonal conduction velocity, as in normal muscle, but so did tetanic tension, which is abnormal.4. Twitch-tetanus ratio increased with twitch time to peak in the group of slow units but not in the fast group (although the range of ratios was as great).5. A tetanus depressed the twitch tension of slow motor units and potentiated fast ones as in normal muscle but the potentiation was often accompanied by an abnormal prolongation of the twitch.6. The mean conduction velocity of axons was slightly higher than at 6 months' reinnervation but below the normal value for fast muscle.7. Antibody to slow myosin was bound strongly to Type I fibres but not to Type II fibres, confirming the histochemical division of fibres into Types I and II.8. More than 95% of the fibres were oxidative, with Type I predominating over Type II a in the ratio of about 2:1.9. The higher tension of the slow motor units was the result of three factors: the number of fibres per motor unit was at least three times that in the fast; Type I fibres had cross-sectional areas little less than Type II (a and b together) and were estimated to develop more tension per unit area. All three findings were different from those in normal fast muscle.10. One flexor hallucis longus muscle was self-reinnervated and examined histochemically. This muscle was abnormal in that a large majority of the fibres were Type I. PMID- 6213767 TI - The epidemiology of disability. PMID- 6213768 TI - An in vitro and in vivo analysis of murine immunocompetence during pregnancy and lactation. AB - Spleen cells from pregnant and lactating BALB/c mice were depressed in their cytolytic capabilities after in vivo immunization with the allogeneic EL4 lymphoma. However, in vitro spleen cells from both syngeneic (BALB/c X BALB/c) and allogeneic (BALB/c X C57BL/6J) matings responded with proliferative and cytolytic responses which were comparable to virgin controls. Upon secondary in vitro stimulation, in vivo primed maternal cells had responses which were similar to virgin controls. In addition, the in vivo sensitized maternal spleen cells adoptively immunized in irradiated allogeneic recipients responded like the virgin controls. In these studies, suppressor cells could not be detected in either nonimmune or immune maternal spleen cell populations. PMID- 6213769 TI - Laparoscopy in the diagnosis and management of endometriosis. PMID- 6213770 TI - Reversal of female sterilization: how reliable is the previous operative report? PMID- 6213771 TI - Menstrual pattern changes following laparoscopic sterilization: a comparative study of electrocoagulation and the tubal ring in 1,025 cases. AB - This investigation compared the effects of the laparoscopic occlusive techniques of unipolar electrocoagulation and the tubal ring on subsequent menstrual patterns. The question of whether sterilization, in general, causes menstrual pattern changes is also addressed. The 1,025 cases constituted a data set collected by investigators at five institutions in five countries. After controlling for prior contraceptive use, the two techniques were compared with respect to menstrual cycle regularity, cycle length, flow duration, amount of flow, dysmenorrhea and intermenstrual bleeding. In this series, approximately 10% to 50% (depending on the menstrual parameter) of the menstrual pattern changes seen within six months following sterilization could be attributed to the discontinuation of the Pill or IUD at the time of sterilization. The majority of the women experienced no menstrual pattern changes following sterilization. There was no statistically significant difference between the two occlusion techniques in terms of the proportion of women who reported changes in any of their menstrual parameters. The theory that sterilization causes menstrual pattern changes rests on the hypothesis that the greater the degree of destruction of the uteroovarian vascular anastomosis (as with unipolar electrocoagulation), the greater the amount of subsequent menstrual pattern disturbance. Our findings suggest that this hypothesis is not valid. PMID- 6213772 TI - An initial comparison of coagulation techniques of sterilization. AB - For nearly 50 years reports have been published on laparoscopic sterilization techniques. However, the different procedures vary greatly with regard to the extent of the tube destroyed and the magnitude of damage to the mesosalpinx. In 1981 we proved that a clear relationship exists between the extent of destruction of the circulation and nervous system within the mesosalpinx and the occurrence of menstrual disorders as well as menopausal symptoms. Because two-thirds of the ovarian blood supply passes through the ramus tubarius of the ateria uterina, after destruction of larger areas of the mesosalpinx striking disturbances within the ovarian metabolism must be expected. With numerous animal experiments we are currently studying the expansion of the coagulated area following the use of mono and bipolar high-frequency current, endocoagulation and CO2 laser coagulation. With the aid of conventional histologic techniques, in addition to enzyme histochemical and electron microscopic examinations, attempts are being made not only to determine the extent of the destroyed zone but also to gain additional information on damage of the vascular and nervous systems of the tubes and ovaries. Although these studies have not yet been completed, it is possible at this time to state that the unipolar high-frequency coagulation technique, because of its tremendous primary and secondary complications, should not be used for laparoscopic female sterilization. PMID- 6213773 TI - The mutation rate to Huntington's chorea. PMID- 6213774 TI - Sensitivity to ionising radiation of lymphocytes from Huntington's chorea patients compared to controls. AB - Blood samples were collected from 22 patients with Huntington's chorea and from 22 matched controls. Lymphocytes were separated from aliquots of each sample and cultures set up both from these and from further aliquots of whole blood. After 24 hours, half of each culture was subjected to X irradiation. Seventy-two hours later the percentages of live lymphocytes were estimated for each half of every culture and the viability ratio calculated for each sample. The lymphocytes derived from the patients with Huntington's chorea were found to be more susceptible to X irradiation than were the lymphocytes derived from controls. This was true both for whole blood and separated lymphocyte cultures. This susceptibility was found not to be the result of the main types of medication received by the patients. The small differences between viability ratios from patients and controls and the degree of overlap makes this test unsuitable for the prediction of asymptomatic carriers of the Huntington's chorea gene. PMID- 6213775 TI - Autoimmune chronic active hepatitis in Down's syndrome. PMID- 6213776 TI - Spontaneous circulating immune complex like material in Brown-Norway rats. Role of environmental factors. AB - Brown-Norway rats maintained under conventional housing conditions showed a significant increase in the C1q binding activity of serum and to a lesser extent of the Raji cell assay whereas no change was observed, in BN rats maintained under specific pathogen free (SPF) conditions. Glomerular IgG deposits were encountered among rats with circulating immune complexes (CIC). This suggests that microbiological environment is a major factor in the spontaneous appearance of CIC which could be of pathogenic significance. PMID- 6213778 TI - Suppressor T cells in systemic lupus erythematosus: lack of defective in vitro suppressor cell generation in patients with active disease. PMID- 6213779 TI - Reversible dementia in Down's syndrome. PMID- 6213777 TI - Impaired cell-mediated immunity among HLA-B27 related rheumatoid variants responding to Yersinia antigen. PMID- 6213780 TI - The prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in mentally handicapped in-patients. AB - A survey was made of the thyroid function of 402 mentally handicapped patients in a long-stay hospital and its satellite units. The prevalence of hypothyroidism in a 2-year period was 25/402 (6.2%), and 17/364 (4.7%) when people with Down's syndrome were excluded. Hyperthyroidism was found in 3/402 (0.7%). These results include 16 patients with hypothyroidism, and two with hyperthyroidism, who were newly detected during the surgery. With diagnosis, treatment was started. This occurrence of thyroid disorders is higher than in both the general population in the community and also in other psychiatric in-patients. Biochemical investigation is essential as the disorders are difficult to detect clinically, and untreated the patients are liable to the complications of hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism. PMID- 6213781 TI - Mutual gaze in pre-school Down's and normal children. PMID- 6213783 TI - The role of the dentist in hypertension. PMID- 6213782 TI - Tetrahydrobiopterin metabolism in Down's syndrome and in non-Down's syndrome mental retardation. PMID- 6213784 TI - Conformation of NAD+ bound to yeast and horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase in solution. The use of the proton-proton transferred nuclear Overhauser enhancement. PMID- 6213785 TI - Organization of African green monkey DNA at junctions between alpha-satellite and other DNA sequences. PMID- 6213786 TI - Steady-state kinetic studies on the actin activation of skeletal muscle heavy meromyosin subfragments. Effects of skeletal, smooth and non-muscle tropomyosins. PMID- 6213787 TI - Degradation of perfused adenine compounds up to uric acid in isolated rat heart. PMID- 6213788 TI - Development of resistance to nephrotoxic insult: changes in urine composition and kidney morphology on repeated exposures to mercuric chloride or biphenyl. PMID- 6213790 TI - Percutaneous antegrade transluminal ureteroplasty for renal allograft ureteral stenosis. PMID- 6213789 TI - Stability of Lambdoid bacteriophage heads: antagonism between polyamines and tryptamine. AB - The biological activity of heads of bacteriophages phi 80 and lambda in in vitro assembly with tails was inhibited by dialysis, filtration on gels, and treatment with tryptamine. Inhibition by these three treatments could be prevented but not reversed by putrescine. Other diamines with shorter or longer carbon chain lengths were either less effective or not effective at all. It is suggested that tryptamine acts by loosening the tightly packed DNA in heads, whereas putrescine stabilizes it. PMID- 6213791 TI - Histochemical study of urethral striated musculature in the dog. AB - The striated musculature of the dog urethra was studied histochemically. Two main groups of muscle fibers could be identified: 1 with slow twitch oxidative fibers, which are fatigue resistant (type 1), and 1 with fast twitch fibers (type 2). The fast twitch fibers were subdivided into glycolytic (fatiguable) and oxidative glycolytic (fatigue resistant) fibers: the latter constitute 20 per cent of all fast twitch fibers. Type 1 constitutes of 35 per cent of the whole musculature and its proportion tends to decrease toward the distal end of the external urethral sphincter. From these observations we infer that type 1 fibers are likely responsible for continence at rest and that type 2 fibers are recruited in stress conditions, for example, during coughing or sneezing. Additional studies are needed to confirm this conjecture. The clinical implications of these studies for the control of incontinence, urinary retention and dyssynergic urethral sphincter are presented. PMID- 6213792 TI - Coagulopathy associated with the use of moxalactam. PMID- 6213793 TI - Architectural alteration of the myocardium and asymmetry in left ventricular hypertrophy of known etiologies with special reference to correlation with electrocardiographic changes. PMID- 6213794 TI - Cardiac hypertrophy - scanned architecture, ultrastructure and cytochemistry of myocardial cells. PMID- 6213795 TI - Myocardial structure of hypertrophied hearts. PMID- 6213796 TI - [Horseshoe kidney incidentally detected by 99mTc-MDP bone scintigraphy: report of 2 cases (author's transl)]. PMID- 6213797 TI - [Study of beta 1H globulin in pemphigus, bullous pemphigoid and dermatitis herpetiformis (author's transl)]. PMID- 6213798 TI - [An electron microscopic study of juvenile multiple seborrheic keratosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 6213799 TI - [Abnormal platelet function in diabetes mellitus (author's transl)]. PMID- 6213800 TI - Studies on the potency test of HB vaccine by the parallel line assay method in guinea pigs. AB - The parallel line assay method was applied on the potency test of HB vaccine in guinea pigs. The applicability of the method was investigated to obtain information on the possible effect of inactivation process of HBs antigen, on the magnitude of adjuvant effect of aluminum compound and so on. The precision of the method was found to be comparable to those of diphtheria and tetanus toxoids. PMID- 6213801 TI - [Characteristics of digital perfusion images (DPI) in mitral stenosis (author's transl)]. PMID- 6213802 TI - [Fundamental and clinical evaluation of bone scintigraphy with 99mTc-HMDP (author's transl)]. PMID- 6213803 TI - [Day care service for handicapped children. 1]. PMID- 6213804 TI - [A lesson from the interactions with a child with Down's syndrome hospitalized for the treatment of leukemia]. PMID- 6213805 TI - [Achievement of an organization for handicapped children at Hekinan City]. PMID- 6213806 TI - [Successful repair of type I truncus arteriosus in the first year of life (author's transl)]. PMID- 6213808 TI - Teaching policy courses on physical impairment: an issues orientation. PMID- 6213807 TI - Effects of different fractions of Corynebacterium parvum on the cytotoxic T-cell response to alloantigens in mice. AB - The effects of several biochemically derived fractions of Corynebacterium parvum and chemically treated intact organisms on the generation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) were assessed in a tumor allograft model with the use of C57BL/6 and DBA/2 mice. The acid-modified, active and inactive fragmented preparations and pyridine extract and residue were all capable of inhibiting primary spleen cell allocytotoxicity. Only the active fragmented, pyridine residue and unfractionated preparations caused splenomegaly and prevented the secondary in vitro generation of CTL. Periodate treatment, acid modification, and pyridine extraction abrogated the ability of C. parvum to activate suppressor macrophages. Although incapable of activating suppressor macrophages, the phenol and pyridine extracts significantly enhanced suppressor T-cell activity. The effect of whole C. parvum organisms on T-cell-mediated cytotoxicity is thus extremely complex and due to the direct activation or inhibition of various cell types that interact with each other. PMID- 6213809 TI - [Immune complexes and arteriosclerosis]. PMID- 6213810 TI - [ATPase activity and sodium transport in erythrocytes of patients with essential hypertension (author's transl)]. AB - The rate constant for erythrocyte "total" sodium efflux was significantly decreased in patients with essential hypertension compared with normotensive controls due to a reduced "ouabain-sensitive" (active) sodium transport. The rate constants for "ouabain-insensitive", "ouabain-insensitive furosemide-sensitive" and "ouabain-insensitive furosemide-insensitive" sodium efflux were not different between hypertensives and normotensives. Ouabain inhibited sodium efflux by 74% and furosemide by a further 13%, both in hypertensives and in normotensives. The reduced rate constant for active erythrocyte transport in patients with essential hypertension was due to a diminished Na-K-ATPase activity demonstrable in hemolyzed and dialyzed erythrocytes. In contrast, in hemoglobin-free red blood cell membranes Na-K-ATPase activity was not different between both groups. Apparently the centrifugation procedure, which is necessary for preparation of hemoglobin-free membranes, leads to a loss of non-hemoglobin proteins, including ouabain-sensitive and ouabain-insensitive ATPase and/or a Na-K-ATPase inhibiting factor. Thus, the results obtained in hemolyzed and dialyzed red blood cells reflect probably better the conditions in the intact erythrocyte than do measurements on hemoglobin-free membranes, suggesting a decreased Na-K-ATPase activity in erythrocytes of essential hypertensives. However, the diminished rate constant for ouabain-sensitive sodium efflux did not result in a measurable increase in erythrocyte sodium indicating that this biochemical abnormality can fully be compensated in moderate essential hypertension without excess salt intake. The cause of the reduced rate constant for ouabain-sensitive sodium efflux is not clear. However, as suggested for sodium-potassium cotransport and for sodium-lithium countertransport it might be determined genetically. PMID- 6213811 TI - [Case of a complex congenital defect of the thoracic aorta]. PMID- 6213812 TI - [Non-coronarogenic myocardial lesions and problems of current therapy]. PMID- 6213813 TI - Suppression of antibody synthesis by prostaglandin E as a mechanism for preventing murine immune complex glomerulonephritis. AB - A model of immune complex glomerulonephritis induced in mice by the daily injection of 4 mg. of apoferritin was used to examine the effect of administration of two prostaglandins, PGE1 and PGE2. The twice daily administration of either PGE1 or PGE2 in pharmacologic doses resulted in significantly less glomerular damage and a shift in the primary location of immune complex deposition from the capillary loops to the mesangium, as demonstrated by immunofluorescence and electron microscopy. The beneficial effect of the prostaglandins was associated with a significant decrease in antiapoferritin antibody levels. A separate study was performed to determine whether the mechanism of decreased antibody levels produced by PGE administration was related to a decrease in the number of plaque-forming cells (PFC). Mice received injections of saline, apoferritin, or apoferritin plus PGE2 for 9 days, and spleen cells were used to determine the number of direct and indirect PFC. No direct PFC were detected in any of the groups. There was no difference in the number of indirect PFC between mice receiving apoferritin and those receiving apoferritin plus PGE2 (98 +/- 13 versus 108 +/- 30), whereas mice receiving saline had no indirect PFC. The prevention of glomerular damage in immune complex glomerulomephritis and the shift in the site of complex deposition induced by PGE1 and PGE2 appear to be caused by reduction in specific antibody synthesis. This reduced synthesis is not related to an alteration in the number of antibody producing cells. PMID- 6213814 TI - Monocyte involvement in glomerular crescents: a histochemical and ultrastructural study. AB - The biopsies from 14 patients with glomerulonephritis with crescents were studied to determine the extent of monocyte involvement in crescent formation. Antiglomerular basement membrane (GBM) disease was diagnosed in six and immune complex (IC) glomerulonephritis in eight. Alpha-Naphthyl acetate staining of frozen sections for nonspecific esterase was done in 11 cases (five anti-GBM and six IC), and the peroxidase-antiperoxidase method for lysozyme was done in two (both IC). Electron microscopy of crescents was carried out in 12 cases. The mean number of nonspecific esterase (or lysozyme-excluding neutrophils) positive cells was 6.0 (+/-5.8) in the anti-GBM cases and 1.1 (+/- 1.4) in the IC ones. The difference was significant (P less than 0.05). By electron microscopy the cellular crescents in cases of anti-GBM disease contained variable numbers of monocytes (macrophages) and epithelial cells. Those from cases of IC disease showed very few monocytes but numerous epithelial cells. The results show that monocytes participate in a numerically significant way in crescent formation in anti-GBM disease but appear to be of minor importance in crescents in IC disease. PMID- 6213815 TI - Removal of sulfated (heparan sulfate) or nonsulfated (hyaluronic acid) glycosaminoglycans results in increased permeability of the glomerular basement membrane to 125I-bovine serum albumin. PMID- 6213816 TI - Biology of disease. Newer concepts in the pathogenesis of immune complex-induced tissue injury. PMID- 6213817 TI - Effects in vitro of medroxyprogesterone acetate on steroid metabolizing enzymes in the rat: selective inhibition of 3 alpha-hydroxysteroid oxidoreductase activity. AB - The effects of 6 alpha-methyl-17 alpha-acetoxy-4-pregnene 3,20-dione (MPA) on the activity of different steroid metabolizing enzymes in vitro were investigated in several organs in the rat. MPA seems to be a potent inhibitor of 3 alpha reduction of 17 beta-hydroxy-5 alpha-androstan-3-one (Dht) in homogenates of the testis, ovary, epididymis, prostate, kidney and the adrenal glands. In testicular homogenates MPA acts like a competitive inhibitor of the 3 alpha-reduction of Dht, with Ki of 0.42 [microM]. MPA seems to be a selective inhibitor of 3 alpha hydroxysteroid oxidoreductase in numerous organs. Steroid metabolizing enzymes like 5 alpha-reductase, 7 alpha-hydroxylase, 3 beta-hydroxysteroid oxidoreductase and 17 beta-hydroxysteroid oxidoreductase were not inhibited by MPA under the conditions of incubation employed in these studies. PMID- 6213818 TI - Surgical revascularization following unsuccessful percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. AB - From September, 1980, through August, 1981, 353 patients underwent attempted percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA). Twenty-seven patients (7.6%) subsequently underwent elective myocardial revascularization without death or complicating PTCA. Surgical support in the first 2 months involved a fully staffed operating room standing idle. During the last 10 months, patients requiring emergency revascularization were accommodated in the first operating room available. All 17 patients undergoing emergency revascularization had severe chest pain and 12 patients had ST-segment elevation on the electrocardiogram. The average time from onset of ischemia to revascularization was 135 minutes and did not change over the period of study. Improvement in the electrocardiogram and myocardial function were frequently noted with restoration of flow by the vein graft. Two patients (12%) required inotropic drug support following revascularization. All 12 patients with ST-segment elevation preoperatively had elevated myocardial enzyme levels postoperatively, including five patients (29%) with new Q waves on the electrocardiogram. Myocardial necrosis did not correlate with time to revascularization, number of diseased vessels, the artery being instrumented, the mechanism of ischemia, or the presence of collateral flow. There were no deaths. Because of the high incidence of myocardial infarction despite prompt revascularization, we now routinely insert the intra-aortic balloon pump in the catheterization laboratory in patients with refractory myocardial ischemia requiring emergency revascularization. Prompt safe revascularization for acute ischemia following PTCA can be achieved without expensive and inefficient standby of cardiac surgical facilities. Transmural myocardial ischemia following complicated PTCA is frequently associated with evidence of myocardial necrosis despite prompt surgical revascularization. Greater salvage of ischemic myocardium may be possible if the intra-aortic balloon pump is used in the interval between PTCA-induced injury and surgical revascularization. PMID- 6213819 TI - Traumatic avulsion of the innominate and left carotid arteries: successful repair. AB - Traumatic rupture of the aorta or the arch vessels is a rare and frequently fatal injury. This lesion should be considered in all cases of severe chest trauma. Early aortography is essential for accurate diagnosis. Nineteen cases of avulsion of the innominate artery have been previously reported. In only two of them a second aortic arch branch had an associated injury. The case presented here is the first successful repair of a combined avulsion of both the innominate and the carotid arteries from the aortic arch. Cerebral circulation was maintained during the operation with a heparin-coated shunt from the ascending aorta to the right common carotid artery. Reconstruction was accomplished by inserting a bifurcated Dacron prosthesis from the aorta to the innominate and left carotid arteries. The use of a heparin-bonded shunt maintained cerebral perfusion, and greatly simplified the operation and avoided the risk of extracorporeal circulation and systemic anticoagulation in a patient with multiple trauma. PMID- 6213820 TI - Pulsatile reperfusion does not modify global myocardial ischemic injury. AB - In an attempt to arbitrate the reputed clinical efficacy of pulsatile flow during reperfusion in minimizing ischemic injury, 32 mongrel dogs supported by normothermic cardiopulmonary bypass were subjected to 30 minutes (Groups IC and IP) or 60 minutes (Groups IIC and IIP) of global myocardial ischemia. The effect of pulsatile flow (P) initiated during 30 minutes of reperfusion on the recovery of myocardial adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and creatine phosphate (CP) stores, coronary blood flow, and myocardial water content (MWC) was compared to the effect of linear reperfusion (C) in another group of animals. ATP stores, which significantly decreased to 43% and 53% of preischemic levels (Groups IC and IP, respectively, p less than 0.01) and 36% and 31% of control values (Groups IIC and IIP, respectively. p less than 0.001), did not increase with either pulsatile or linear reperfusion. CP stores, depleted 97% during ischemia in all groups, returned to preischemic levels regardless of the mode of reperfusion flow. Coronary blood flow measured 30 minutes after aortic unclamping was not significantly different from control flow in any group. MWC significantly decreased during ischemia from 80.5% +/- 0.8% to 76.5% +/- 1.1% in Group IC and from 81.8% +/- 1.2% to 76.8% +/- 0.8% in Groups IP (p less than 0.05) and returned to preischemic levels with reperfusion. However, following 60 minutes of ischemia, pulsatile reperfusion prevented the significant increase in MWC that accrued after linear reperfusion (80.7% +/- 1.5% to 84.0% +/- 0.7%, p less than 0.05). These data indicate that pulsatile reperfusion initiated after an ischemic injury that results in a 50% or greater depletion of myocardial ATP stores does not restore myocardial nucleotide levels or enhance coronary blood flow, although the pathological increase in MWC may be avoided. PMID- 6213821 TI - Early medical and surgical intervention for tetralogy of Fallot with absence of pulmonic valve. AB - Tetralogy of Fallot with absent pulmonic valve is a rare but life-threatening syndrome. Children with this complex may have aneurysmally dilated pulmonary arteries which compress the tracheobronchial tree and cause airway compromise and death. This paper reviews the course of 10 children with this syndrome who were seen at our institution from 1962 until the present. Two infants with respiratory distress secondary to tetralogy plus absent pulmonary valve were treated with early aggressive medical intervention followed by operation. After closure of the ventricular septal defect and reconstruction of the right ventricular outflow tract, the pulmonary artery aneurysms were resected. Both children are growing and are well more than 1 year after the operations. Our experience with these two patients suggests that such infants may benefit from this form of therapy. PMID- 6213822 TI - Acyl CoA synthetase from rat lung: purification and properties. PMID- 6213823 TI - Paragangliomatosis with numerous catecholamine-producing tumors. AB - Catecholamine-producing tumors may be found wherever paraganglion tissue exists, and they may be associated with a variety of conditions (multiple endocrine neoplasia types 1, 2a and 2b). The patient described in this report had 21 paragangliomas removed between the ages of 13 and 17 years, and she has evidence of additional tumors. This is the greatest number of paragangliomas reported, and the tumors involved numerous sites. In addition, the patient has multiple congenital anomalies that have not been reported previously in association with paraganglioma. Unifying theories of pathogenesis and several features in the management of this patient are discussed. PMID- 6213824 TI - Acute effect of physical exercise on glycogen content and lipoprotein lipase activity in untrained diabetic rats. AB - The effect of acute physical exercise on skeletal muscle glycogen content and on lipoprotein lipase activity of muscle, adipose and lung tissues was studied in streptozotocin diabetic and control rats. Rats were accustomed to treadmill running for two weeks after streptozotocin treatment. For an exercise bout of moderate intensity rats were randomly divided into two groups: one was sacrificed immediately after exercise and the other 24 hours afterwards. In addition there was a nonexercised sedentary group. No depletion of glycogen was observed after exercise in the vastus lateralis muscle of control (nondiabetic) rats. No difference in glycogen utilization was found in soleus muscle between diabetic and control rats. In diabetic rats a slight decrease occurred in the lipoprotein lipase activity in adipose tissue immediately after exercise, while in control rats there was a significant decline 24 hours after exercise. In soleus muscle a slight but significant increase of lipoprotein lipase activity occurred 24 hours after exercise in diabetic rats but not in control rats. The results suggest that nonketotic streptozotocin diabetes of short duration does not influence muscle glycogen in the resting state, but glycogen utilization is disturbed in white muscle during moderate treadmill running in untrained diabetic rats. The increase in lipoprotein lipase activity after physical exercise in red muscle of diabetic rats occurs during the recovery phase. PMID- 6213825 TI - Discovery and development of Moxalactam (6059-S): the chemistry and biology of 1 oxacephems. PMID- 6213826 TI - [Healing of infected wounds after diathermic and scalpel cuts into the abdominal wall in rabbits (author's transl)]. AB - The course of wound healing and the spreading of infection was investigated through a comparative procedure with 30 rabbits. We performed a laparotomy with diathermy and scalpel, afterward injecting a solution of 6 X 10(10) Staphylococcus aureus in the subcutis. The histological preparation and semiquantitative evaluation of the laparotomy wounds were performed on postoperative days 3, 7, and 14. On day 3, a clear infiltration of macrophages could already be observed in the scalpel wound, while in the diathermy wound more necrosis could be seen. On day 7, the muscle of wounds inflicted by scalpel was infiltrated with granulocytes and monocytes. In those by diathermy, the necrosis was filled with fibroblasts. On postoperative day 14, no histological difference could be seen between the two proceedings: in the subcutis, there is an abscess enveloped in a connective tissue wall; the cutis and the muscle show new scar tissue. PMID- 6213827 TI - Placental protein 5 is related to blood coagulation and fibrinolytic systems. AB - Previous studies have shown that placental protein 5 (PP5) forms complexes with heparin. In order to further elucidate the biological role of PP5 we studied the effect of plasmin and thrombin on the immunoreactivity of PP5, and the possible functional antiplasmin and antithrombin effects of purified PP5. Varying concentrations of plasmin and thrombin were added to pregnancy plasma, and the PP5 levels, measured by radioimmunoassay, were found to be elevated by 558% (plasmin and 48-87% (thrombin). Incubation of radiolabeled PP5 with plasmin resulted in the formation of radioactive fragments with smaller molecular weights. Functional studies using a chromogenic substrate confirmed that purified PP5 has an antiplasmin activity. An average increase of 15% was observed in the antiplasmin activity when 200 ng purified PP5 was added to 150 microliters of pregnancy serum. Thus, there are certain similarities between PP5 and antihrombin III. Both form complexes with heparin and have antiplasmin properties, and both were found to be heat labile. But, functional studies utilizing a chromogenic substrate failed to demonstrate any antithrombin III-like activity in the purified PP5 preparation that had antiplasmin activity. Our results show that the function of PP5 is related to the blood coagulation and fibrinolytic systems, at least through its inhibitory action on plasmin. PMID- 6213828 TI - Effects of prolonged moderate body deuteration on proliferative activity in major cell renewal systems in mice. PMID- 6213829 TI - [Radiotherapy and antitumor immunity. Fundamentals of immunooncology]. PMID- 6213831 TI - [Disorders of the hemostatic system in acute leukemias]. PMID- 6213830 TI - [Present aspects of peritoneal tuberculosis in Africa (study of 77 cases) (author's transl)]. AB - 77 cases of peritoneal tuberculosis recorded in Africa are reported. Ascitic peritonitis is the most frequent clinical form (64 cases). Laparoscopy is the main way, especially in tropical countries, to establish rapidly the diagnosis. Peritoneal white granulations, associated or not to adherences or to a vascular congestion, supported that diagnosis in 68 cases. Laparoscopy allows peritoneal and hepatic biopsies. Systematic peritoneal biopsy was not possible and was performed in 25 patients only with typical tuberculous pathologic lesions in 88 p. 100 of these cases. Hepatic needle biopsy demonstrated the existence of tuberculous follicles in 29.8 p. 100 of the cases and in 12 cases associated lesions such as a macronodular cirrhosis were observed. In spite of a specific treatment 2 patients died of tuberculous dissemination. Control after a long delay was not possible. PMID- 6213832 TI - [Differential echocardiographic diagnosis of left ventricular types of hypertrophies]. PMID- 6213833 TI - [Use of a mezlocillin and oxacillin combination in surgery]. PMID- 6213834 TI - Reactivation of sperm flagella: properties of microtubules-mediated motility. PMID- 6213835 TI - UV-induced allevation of lambda restriction in Escherichia coli K-12: kinetics of induction and specificity of this SOS function. AB - In UV-irradiated cells of Escherichia coli K-12 a partial release of the restriction of non-modified phage lambda is observed when the cells are recA+ lexA+. We show here that the induction of this restriction allevation (RA) also depends on the recBC enzyme and that the expression of RA requires protein synthesis. Maximum expression was reached within 60 to 90 min after irradiation. Experiments are presented which show that upon UV-irradiation a signal is created which triggers the development of RA when protein synthesis is allowed. This signal decayed with a half-life of only a few minutes in cells treated with chloramphenicol. The decay kinetics were similar in uvr+ and uvrA mutants. RA appeared to be specific for EcoK insofar as no allevation of lambda restriction by EcoRI, EcoRII and EcoP1 occurred. During maximum expression of RA no gross reduction of the activities of the recBC enzyme (exonuclease V) and the restriction endonuclease EcoK was observed and no new DNA modifying activity appeared in the cells. Since, in fully expressed cells, up to 75% of the infecting lambda DNA was converted to acid-soluble material within 20 min after infection we suggest that only a small specific fraction of lambda infections may undergo RA. PMID- 6213836 TI - The role of pyrimidine dimers in postreplication repair in Neurospora. AB - Using the Micrococcus luteus dimer specific endonuclease assay of Wilkins (1973), and photoreactivation we have examined the induction and fate of ultraviolet induced pyrimidine dimers in the excision defective strain, uvs-2, of Neurospora crassa. Dimer induction was fluence dependent from 0 to 800 ergs/mm2 UV. An interdimer distance of 19.6 x 10(6) DNA molecular weight was found after a fluence of 220 ergs/mm2. We confirm the earlier report that this mutant is completely excision defective (Worthy and Epler 1972). Photoreactivation (PR), which greatly enhanced survival (by 10 fold after 440 ergs/mm2 UV), reduced significantly (40-44%) the number of UV-endonuclease sensitive sites found in irradiated DNA. This treatment also alleviated immediately some of the temporary blocks to high molecular weight DNA synthesis (elongation or ligation) seen in irradiated cells. We have also attempted to elucidate the mechanism of cellular postreplication repair used to overcome the UV inhibition to DNA synthesis. It was determined that during postreplication repair, Neurospora does not use recombination to bypass dimers and that single stranded DNA gaps opposite dimers do not appear to be present during the time when DNA being synthesized is made only in short pieces. PMID- 6213838 TI - Nitrogen metabolite repression of fluoropyrimidine resistance and pyrimidine uptake in Neurospora crassa. AB - Wild type Neurospora crassa was shown to be more resistant to 5-fluoro-uracil, 5 fluoro-uridine and 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine in the presence of ammonia than in its absence. This differential resistance may in part be accounted for by the observation that both uracil and uridine uptake in germinating conidia is under nitrogen metabolite regulation. The uptake of uracil and uridine is increased on poor nitrogen sources in wild type, is unaffected by nitrogen source in a nit-2 mutant strain while a gln-1 mutant strain showed intermediate behaviour. Wild type also showed increased resistance to all three fluoropyrimidines with increased temperature and both uracil and uptake in the wild type increased with temperature and both uracil and uridine uptake in the wild type increased with temperature. PMID- 6213839 TI - Regulatory mechanism of delayed-type hypersensitivity in mice. IV. Effect of suppressor T cells on the development of memory T cells involved in accelerated generation of DTH-effector cells in vitro. AB - The effect of suppressor T cells (Ts) on the induction and the subsequent development of memory T cells for delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) was examined. The memory cells were induced in the spleens of mice primed previously with a low dose of reduced and alkylated ovalbumin (Ra-OA), and they generated DTH-effector T cells (DTH-Te) in a significantly accelerated fashion when cultured with OA in vitro. Ts were obtained from the spleens of mice which received OA-coupled spleen cells i.v. 4 days previously, and they inhibited antigen-specifically the induction of DTH responses in the recipient mice sensitized with alum-absorbed OA only when transferred with 5 weeks before sensitization. The spleen cells from mice given Ts together with the priming antigen 7 weeks before culture failed to generate DTH-Te in an accelerated manner on restimulation with OA in vitro. The memory cells from primed mice also did not cause accelerated generation of DTH-Te, when cultured with Ts in the presence of OA in vitro. These results indicate that both the induction of the memory cells by priming with antigen in vivo and the subsequent development of memory cells to DTH-Te by restimulation in vitro are inhibited independently by Ts. This corresponded well with the effect of Ts on the development of DTH-memory in vivo. PMID- 6213837 TI - Cleavage of lambda repressor and synthesis of RecA protein induced by transferred UV-damaged F sex factor. AB - Transfer of a UV-damaged F sex factor to a recipient lambda lysogen induces prophage lambda development. Under these conditions RecA protein synthesis was induced and lambda repressor cleaved, as observed upon direct induction, that is, when the recipient lambda lysogen was directly exposed to UV-light. The efficiency of induction of RecA protein synthesis in recipient bacteria which had received an irradiated F-lac factor was about 80% of that measured upon direct induction. We observed the simultaneous disappearance of lambda repressor and a slight production of cleavage fragments; quantitation by densitometric scanning of the autoradiogram after correction for the efficiency of transfer indicated that 55% of lambda repressor was cleaved. Transfer of UV-damaged Hfr DNA failed to induce RecA protein synthesis. A lambda phage vector carrying oriF, the cloned origin of F plasmid replication, after exposure to UV-light and infection of a recipient lysogen, induced RecA protein synthesis and a moderate but significant cleavage of lambda repressor. Indirect induction by UV-damaged F sex factor or phage lambda oriF resulted in biochemical cellular reactions similar to those observed upon direct induction. LexA repressor that negatively controls RecA protein synthesis appeared more susceptible to cleavage than did lambda repressor. PMID- 6213840 TI - Regulatory mechanism of delayed-type hypersensitivity in mice. V. Augmentor cells for DTH responses. AB - Mice primed with 1 microgram of reduced and alkylated ovalbumin (RA-OA) developed not only long-lived memory cells for delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH), capable of differentiating into DTH-effector T cells (DTH-Te) against ovalbumin (OA) when restimulated in vitro with OA, but also spleen cells capable of augmenting recipients' DTH responses to OA when transferred into cyclophosphamide (CY) pretreated mice. The augmenting activity in spleen cells, upon transfer, was found 7 days, but not 21 or 91 days, after priming with RA-OA, although memory DTH-Te were present throughout the period of observation. The loss of augmenting activity after day 7 of priming was not due to the presence of suppressor cells; spleen cells taken 21 days after priming failed to suppress, upon transfer, the augmenting activity in 7-day-primed spleen cells as well as induction and expression of DTH responses to OA. When 7-day-primed spleen cells were fractionated on a discontinuous bovine serum albumin density gradient, the augmenting activity was found only in the medium-density-cell layer, although memory DTH-Te were separated in the high-density layer. Augmentation of DTH-Te generation could also be demonstrated in vitro when 7-day-primed spleen cells, but not 21-day-primed spleen cells, were added to cultures of spleen cells from CY-pretreated mice. These results indicate that, in the 7-day-primed spleen, there is an augmentor cell population which is different from memory DTH-Te and interacts with CY-resistant unprimed cells to facilitate DTH-Te generation. PMID- 6213841 TI - Environmental controls to promote independence in severely disabled elderly persons. PMID- 6213842 TI - Isotretinoin (Accutane) for acne. PMID- 6213843 TI - [Stimulation of the obturator nerve during endoscopic resection of bladder tumors. Physiopathological aspects and possibilities of prevention]. PMID- 6213844 TI - Rat cardiac muscarinic receptors. II. Influence of thyroid status and cardiac hypertrophy. AB - The effects of the thyroid state and of aortic stenosis on muscarinic cholinergic binding sites in heart membranes were compared (with proper controls) by simultaneously determining total and high-affinity binding sites and estimating low-affinity binding sites by difference. Hyper- and hypothyroidism induced decreased and increased concentration of high-affinity agonist binding sites, respectively, supporting the hypothesis that these sites were directly regulated by thyroid hormones. This was not the case for low-affinity binding sites, as they decreased in number in both hyper- and hypothyroidism. In hyperthyroid rats, this decreased number of low-affinity binding sites could be due to the rapidly developing cardiac hypertrophy. Indeed, cardiac hypertrophy provoked by aortic stenosis led also to a decreased concentration of low-affinity binding sites without affecting the concentration of high-affinity binding sites. PMID- 6213845 TI - Thymidylate synthetase levels as a factor in 5-fluorodeoxyuridine and methotrexate cytotoxicity in gastrointestinal tumor cells. AB - Thymidylate synthetase levels in five human gastrointestinal tumor cell lines (two colon, two colorectal, one stomach) were determined. Titration of the enzyme in cell cytosol using the active-site titrant, 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine-5' monophosphate, demonstrated a 20-fold variation in the level of this enzyme among the tumor lines. Titrations performed in the presence or absence of added methylenetetrahydrofolate gave the same values for enzyme content. The cytotoxicity of 5-fluorodeoxyuridine to these cell lines (expressed as EC50 values) varied from 0.44 nM for SW 403 cells to 16 nM for HuTu 80 cells, and in all cases was reversed by the addition of thymidine. The concentration of 5 fluorodeoxyuridine required for cytotoxicity correlated directly (r = 0.98) with the level of thymidylate synthetase in the particular cell line. An inverse correlation (r = -0.95) was observed between the concentration of methotrexate producing cytotoxicity in these cell lines and their thymidylate synthetase levels. The cells were found to contain similar levels of dihydrofolate reductase and to possess normal transport capability for methotrexate. PMID- 6213846 TI - The pulmonary lobule as a whole: a systemic approach to lobular pathology. AB - A systemic approach to the pulmonary lobule in health and disease is attempted. There are emphasized the lobule definition, structure and functions (respiratory, metabolic, defensive), the program of lobular structures, their relation ways, their capacity of growth and regeneration, all contributing to the relative independence and autonomy of pulmonary lobules and to their behaviour as wholes. Taking into account the characters of pulmonary lobules in health, their pathological involvement is analysed on human and experimental materials, pointing out the importance of the aerogenic component of pathogenesis in determining the first phases of lung diseases, and of the true pulmonary characters of lesions, in comparison with those induced by the parenteral penetration of agents. PMID- 6213847 TI - Arguments justifying the acception of the notion "sublobular artery" in the nomenclature of renal vessels: the "conical" architectonics of the renal cortex. AB - The corrosion technique was used to demonstrate the presence of the "sublobular artery", a constant vessel with a special profile of the dog kidney, generating after two divisions the so-called interlobular arteries as a third generation of branches. More rarely arteriae interlobulares emerge also directly from the arcuate artery. The sublobular arteries (= parent vessels of the interlobular arteries) are characterized by their particular origin, branching type, and by having no or sporadically disposed glomeruli. For this reason, the authors suggest the acception of the term "arteria sublobularis" in the international nomenclature of renal vessels. According to authors' opinion the dog kidney is composed of a number of conical vascular-parenchymatous units, each containing in their axis a sublobular artery of the second order ("conical" architectonics of the renal cortex). PMID- 6213848 TI - The effect of ethanol upon early development in mice and rats. IV. The effect of acute ethanol intoxication of day 4 of pregnancy upon implantation and early postimplantation development in mice. AB - Acute ethanol intoxication in albino mice (RAP) induced by intravenous administration of ethanol on day 4 of pregnancy delayed or inhibited implantation in about 25 per cent of the cases. The noxious action upon the implantation process showed a clear-cut "litter effect" and the mean litter was not affected by the experimental intervention. In very early postimplantation stage (day 6 of pregnancy) a statistically significant advance of some main morphogenetic indices was detected in treated specimens. As a possible explanation of this finding, a "selection" of more resistant and viable embryos by the acute ethanol intoxication is presumed. The data discussed in the present paper, together with authors' previous findings suggest a possible noxious action of acute ethanol intoxication during preimplantation stages upon implantation. PMID- 6213849 TI - Dynamics of human pathology in the last 110 years (1870-1979) in the autopsy material of the Department of Pathology of Cluj-Napoca. PMID- 6213850 TI - Uncommon pneumonia associated with acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis. AB - 184 cases of acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis were investigated and six of these were associated with a peculiar, uncommon pneumonia, and another one had a lethal course. The clinicoradiological and especially pathological data summarized in this study attempt to demonstrate the individuality of this type of pneumonia. Pneumonia associated with acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis is similar or identical to rheumatic pneumonia. In both entities, pneumonia and pulmonary edema may and do coexist, and the differentiation of pneumonia from congestive heart failure is difficult and often impossible without pathological evidence. The most attractive pathogenic interpretation is the hypothesis of an immune mechanism in the induction of pneumonia. Authors attributed the lung changes, consecutive to a vascular damage, to a hypersensitivity phenomenon, with accumulation of fibrinogen in alveoli where it is converted to fibrin. Then, the hyaline membrane lining the alveoli, an important feature of pneumonia associated with glomerulonephritis is built up. It is, however, plausible that the effect of the immune reaction is associated with those of hydrosaline retention, arterial hypertension and congestive heart failure. Analogous to rheumatic pneumonia, the "peculiar pneumonia" associated with acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis should be named nephritic pneumonia. PMID- 6213851 TI - Splenic ultrastructural features in idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. AB - Spleen samples from idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) patients were investigated for ultrastructure and peroxidase activity. The white pulp was characterized by the presence of many large secondary lymphatic follicles and periarteriolar sheaths formed from lymphocytes and plasma cells. Their ultrastructural details substantiate the process of lymphocyte differentiation and the immunopathologic mechanism of the disease. The vascular lesions proved to be subendothelial hyaline deposits. The platelet destruction process and phagocytosis resulted in the occurrence of fibrin clusters. Macrophages were also described as stainable body macrophages, foamy macrophages and a third type dealing with fibrin phagocytosis. PMID- 6213852 TI - Histological monitoring in gastric cancer. PMID- 6213853 TI - Recurring thoracal mesenchymoma. AB - A four-times-recurring thoracal mesenchymoma is presented. Each tumor evolved for 2-5 years before resection, the general evolution of the case being of about 30 years. Histologically, the tumors, which involved the thoracal wall presented at the same time the predominating fibroblasto-fibrocytic structure sometimes forming whirls, different mesenchymal derivatives as vessels and angiomatous formations, osseous trabeculae, chondroblastic areas, and more or less dense zones with leiomyocytes sometimes forming myomatous and myofibromatous aspects. Mitoses and nuclear atypias were very rare. The diagnosis of benign recurring mesenchymoma of the thoracal wall and pleura is discussed. PMID- 6213855 TI - [Care of the handicapped]. PMID- 6213854 TI - Effect of partial hepatectomy on the hepatotoxicity of D-galactosamine. PMID- 6213856 TI - The mutagenic effect of deoxynucleotide substrate imbalances during DNA synthesis with mammalian DNA polymerases. AB - The frequency of reversion of phi X174 amber mutants to wild-type, resulting from in vitro DNA synthesis catalyzed by eucaryotic DNA polymerase-alpha or -beta, varies over a 10- to 1000-fold range. This variation is dependent on the relative ratio of deoxyribonucleotide substrates present during in vitro DNA synthesis. The effect is observed at two different loci in the genome and with several different DNA polymerases. In addition, the effect is observed using an unfractionated cellular extract. These results provide support for the hypothesis that altered nucleotide pools cause mutations in mammalian cells by decreasing the fidelity of DNA synthesis. PMID- 6213858 TI - The establishment of genomic DNA libraries for the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum and identification of individual clones by hybridisation. AB - The DNA of Plasmodium falciparum has been purified and fragmented with the restriction endonucleases EcoRI and HindIII. The fragments have been incorporated in vitro into derivatives of bacteriophage lambda to make libraries in which most of the parasite DNA is represented. By Southern hybridisation we have been able to recover from these libraries specific clones containing (a) repetitive DNA sequences, (b) rRNA gene(s) and (c) sequences homologous to an actin gene probe. Parasite DNA from two independent sources differs markedly in the pattern of its repetitive DNA visualised by hybridisation to our repetitive clone. By contrast, the rRNA genes of the two isolates prove to be carried on identically sized fragments. PMID- 6213857 TI - Phenylglyoxal inactivation of the mitochondrial adenosine triphosphatase from Trypanosoma cruzi. AB - The reaction of Trypanosoma cruzi Mg2+-stimulated adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase, coupling factor 1, or F1) with phenylglyoxal, a dicarbonylic compound, resulted in a rapid loss of its enzymatic activity. The inactivation showed pseudo-first-order kinetics with both membrane-bound and soluble F1-ATPase, the rate of the enzyme inactivation being faster in bicarbonate buffer (pH 7.9) than in borate buffer (pH 8.0). The log (pseudo-first-order rate constant) vs. log(phenylglyoxal concentration) plots obtained with the membrane-bound and soluble F1-ATPase in bicarbonate buffer, and also with F1 in borate buffer, had slopes of near 1.0 while the plot for the membrane-bound ATPase in borate buffer had a slope of 1.6. Second-order rate constants (in mM-1 X min-1) were 55 (for both ATPase preparations in bicarbonate buffer) and 34 (for the membrane-bound ATPase in borate buffer). When the reaction was performed in the presence of ATP, the rate of inactivation was significantly decreased. It is concluded that, as in the mammalian F1-ATPase, arginyl residues play an essential role in T. cruzi mitochondrial ATPase, probably at the hydrolytic site. PMID- 6213859 TI - Transluminal coronary angioplasty. PMID- 6213860 TI - T-lymphocyte subpopulations in homosexual men. PMID- 6213861 TI - Defective macrophage function in a patient with common variable immunodeficiency. PMID- 6213862 TI - Transient myopathy apparently due to tetracycline. PMID- 6213864 TI - Plasminogen activator-plasmin system and neuronal migration. PMID- 6213863 TI - The molecular basis of DNA-protein recognition inferred from the structure of cro repressor. AB - Recognition by cro repressor protein of its specific DNA binding sites appears to occur via multidentate hydrogen bonds between amino acid side chains of the protein and base-pair atoms in the major groove of right-handed B-form DNA. Most of the sequence-specific interactions between cro and DNA, as well as a number of sequence-independent ones, are mediated by a two-alpha-helical unit which appears to be common to many proteins that regulate gene expression. PMID- 6213865 TI - Huntington's disease: genetically programmed cell death in the human central nervous system. PMID- 6213866 TI - Serotonergic denervation partially protects rat striatum from kainic acid toxicity. PMID- 6213867 TI - Random components in mutagenesis. AB - The mutability of DNA varies enormously from one base pair to another. Part of this variation is due to the specificity of the reaction between mutagens and base, but much of the variation is due to unknown causes. A genetic system developed by Miller and colleagues allows the mutation frequencies of a large number of different base pairs in the lacI gene of Escherichia coli to be compared. For example, Coulondre and Miller found that the sites most readily mutated by UV light are almost 100 times more often mutated than the least susceptible sites. A recently completed study of mutagenesis with neocarzinostatin (NCS) in the lacI gene has prompted us to re-examine some previous studies, of mutagenesis in this gene. Our analysis, reported here, suggests that the mutations induced by certain mutagens fall into two classes: mutations in one class are clearly distributed non-randomly, that is, they are very common at some sites and significantly less common at others; mutations in the second class, however, occur at low frequency and appear to be randomly distributed. Both classes of mutations seem to occur only at damaged bases. PMID- 6213868 TI - [Hypersensitivity to formaldehyde]. PMID- 6213869 TI - [Side effects of ticlopidine; clinical observation and immunological study]. PMID- 6213870 TI - [Hypersensitivity to nickel, chromium and cobalt; a continuing problem]. PMID- 6213872 TI - Left-right asymmetry of the stretch reflex in the main jaw elevators. PMID- 6213871 TI - Cytostatic activity and metabolic effect of N-trichloromethylthio-4-cyclohexane 1,2-dicarboximide on Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells. AB - Effect of N-trichloromethylthio-4-cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboximide (NTCD) on energy yielding and energy-requiring processes in Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) cells have been investigated. At concentrations higher than 10 micrograms/ml NTCD causes a rapid and practically full inhibition of both aerobic glucose uptake and lactate formation. On the other hand, at concentrations lower than 10 micrograms/ml, these metabolic parameters are stimulated. The stimulation of glycolysis, according to our previous results, suggests the interference of NTCD with mitochondrial functions. This image is supported by the marked inhibitory effect on NTCD on respiration of isolated mitochondria. The inhibition of glycolysis with higher concentrations of NTCD is the consequence of inactivation of hexokinase (EC 2.7.1.1), eventually of 6-phosphofructokinase (FC 2.7.1.11). The described effects of NTCD are given into coherence with chemical modification of appropriate functional SH groups of EAC cells by the compound studied. Proportionally to the dose and time NTCD inhibits the synthesis of macromolecules in whole EAC cells as measured by the incorporation of labeled adenine and valine into the TCA-insoluble fractions. The inhibition of biosynthetic processes followed is the consequence of exclusion of key processes in the energy metabolism and leads to the loss of EAC cells transplantability. PMID- 6213873 TI - [Dental care for hemophilic patients. I. General discussion]. PMID- 6213874 TI - [Dental care for hemophilic patients. II. Consequences for dental practice]. PMID- 6213875 TI - Blood viscosity in experimental acute renal failure. AB - We measured blood viscosity in rats 24 h after induction of acute renal failure by glycerol or HgCl2 injections. The blood viscosity values of rats with acute renal failure were significantly higher than those of controls at any shear rates. The mean values of plasma fibrinogen in animals with glycerol - (302.5 +/- 35.2 mg/100 ml) or HgCl2 - (342.1 +/- 15.9 mg/100 ml) induced acute renal failure were significantly elevated compared to control levels (169.6 +/- 16.7 mg/100 ml). We believe that the increased blood viscosity in acute renal failure was primarily due to high concentration of plasma fibrinogen. The elevated blood viscosity may affect capillary microvascular circulation of glomerular capillary beds. PMID- 6213876 TI - Concanavalin A-induced suppressor cell activity in focal glomerular sclerosis. AB - Suppressor cell activity (SCA) was analyzed in 8 patients with focal glomerular sclerosis (FGS) and 11 patients with chronic proliferative glomerulonephritis (CGN). We have assessed the ability of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) stimulated by concanavalin A (Con A) to inhibit the proliferative response of normal allogeneic lymphocytes by both Con A and phytohemagglutinin (PHA). It was found that the FGS patients with nephrotic syndrome (NS) had significantly increased levels of suppression index when compared to the values obtained with normal controls. In contrast, the mean suppression values in the PBL from FGS patients in remission and CGN patients with or without NS, whether the mitogen used was Con A or PHA, were similar to those of the control subjects. Thus, the majority of FGS patients with NS demonstrated an alteration in Con A-induced SCA. The possible significance of these phenomena in the pathophysiology of FGS is discussed. PMID- 6213877 TI - The glomerular polyanion (GPA) of the rat kidney. I. Concanavalin-A activated cells affect the glomerular polyanion in vitro. AB - Rat peritoneal exudate cells (PEC) or human peripheral blood cells stimulated with mitogens in vitro were cultured in tissue culture chambers mounted on rat or human cryostat kidney sections. After 20 h, the cultures were discontinued and the glomerular polyanion (GPA) of the glomeruli was studied using the colloidal iron stain. The results show that in contrast to PHA-stimulated cells, rat PEC or human blood cells stimulated with Con-A are able to reduce GPA stainability. It was further shown that rat PEC activated with Con-A for 20 or 48 h were able to suppress in vitro lymphocyte transformation of syngeneic blood lymphocytes in a co-culture system following mitogenic stimulation. In view of recent concepts according to which disturbance of T cell function is associated with in vivo loss of GPA in some forms of the nephrotic state, we conclude that investigation into the possible in vivo significance of the present observations is worthwhile. PMID- 6213878 TI - Chronic serum sickness in the mouse. Relationship of antigen dose to glomerular pathology. AB - We studied the effect of the administration of different doses of antigen in a model of chronic glomerulonephritis produced in mice by the daily injection of apoferritin. Four groups of mice received intraperitoneal injections of 4 mg apoferritin (group 1), 2 mg apoferritin (group 2), 1 mg apoferritin (group 3), or saline (group 4) daily. Significant proteinuria and the presence of antiapoferritin antibody were demonstrated in mice immunized with apoferritin. The severity of histologic damage and the extent of staining for IgG significantly increased with larger doses of apoferritin. Electron microscopy revealed subepithelial and mesangial electron-dense deposits. Administration of large daily doses of apoferritin to mice results in a reliable model of immune complex glomerulonephritis and crescent formation. PMID- 6213879 TI - Successful treatment of gram-negative bacillary meningitis with moxalactam. PMID- 6213880 TI - Fall in the firing rate of muscle spindles during stretching. AB - Investigation of the dynamic responses of 500 muscle receptors to stretching of the triceps surae muscle of the de-efferented hind limb of anesthetized cats revealed in 23 cases a transient fall in the firing rate (FFR) of muscle spindle receptors while muscle stretching was in progress. FFR arises in the same receptor during stretching of the muscle in different forms and at different speeds, approximately in the same region of stretching (the "FFR zone"). With an increase in the velocity of muscle stretching the FFR effect is intensified. It is suggested that the FFR effect is due to temporary removal of the load from the area of the spindle where the receptor endings are located. The conditions for this may be created by the nonhomogeneous structure of the extrafusal muscle, and also by the different mechanical properties of the intrafusal muscle fibers. PMID- 6213881 TI - Fatal infantile glycogen storage disease: deficiency of phosphofructokinase and phosphorylase b kinase. AB - A girl with congenital limb weakness, mental retardation, and corneal ulceration died with respiratory insufficiency at age 4 years. Histochemistry of muscle biopsy showed only nonspecific myopathy, but electronmicroscopy revealed subsarcolemmal and intramyofibrillar accumulation of glycogen. Biochemical studies showed increased glycogen content of muscle with lack of phosphofructokinase. Phosphorylase b kinase activity was about 30% of normal. The relationship of the double enzyme deficiency to this unusual clinical picture is unclear. PMID- 6213882 TI - Erythromelalgia-like eruption in parkinsonian patients treated with bromocriptine. AB - In a previous report about the chronic use of bromocriptine in Parkinson disease, a distinctive cutaneous eruption was noted and termed "erythromelalgia." This eruption has occurred in 9 of 110 patients on chronic bromocriptine therapy; histopathologic examination in 3 patients showed a prominent perivascular lymphocytic infiltration and perivascular edema of the dermis, without frank vasculitis. This is a reversible unwanted effect of bromocriptine therapy. PMID- 6213883 TI - [Pathogenetic interpretation of left ventricle obstruction in hypertrophic obstructive myocardiopathy]. AB - Nine patients affected from IHSS have been studied by 2D-echocardiography examination. Following detected pictures the Authors try to explain the pathogenesis of the dynamic obstruction of the L.V. The Authors conclude ascribing it to the postero-medial papillary muscle that move abnormally towards the IVS. Instead the SAM could be ascribed to the chordee of the mitral value, but these are considered unable to obstruct L.V. The differences between SAM and L.V. obstruction are underlined and discussed. PMID- 6213884 TI - Oral zinc and immunoregulation: a nutritional or pharmacological effect of zinc supplementation? PMID- 6213885 TI - Tubal surgery. PMID- 6213886 TI - [Problems in social work for the handicapped]. PMID- 6213887 TI - [Screening for Duchenne muscular dystrophy]. PMID- 6213888 TI - [Family planning--paragraph 218 StGB]. PMID- 6213889 TI - [Blood lipid values--evaluation of risk]. PMID- 6213890 TI - [Securing early diagnosis and treatment of handicapped children and children at risk for handicaps]. PMID- 6213892 TI - [The Public Health study course--basis for a different way of medical thought?]. PMID- 6213891 TI - [Early deprivation as a cause of social problems]. PMID- 6213893 TI - [Epidemiologic and hygiene significance of Yersinia pestis and Yersinia enterocolitica]. PMID- 6213894 TI - [Enterocolitis caused by Campylobacter fetus subsp. jejuni--epidemiology and hygiene with special reference to federal legislation and public health measures]. PMID- 6213895 TI - [Q-fever in a rehabilitation center for drug addicts]. PMID- 6213896 TI - [Gastroenteritis caused by Campylobacter jejuni]. PMID- 6213897 TI - [The reliability of E. coli and coliform germs as markers in drinking water hygiene]. PMID- 6213898 TI - [Report on the field of "Health Education" in a teaching academy]. PMID- 6213899 TI - [Bacteriological testing of formaldehyde disinfection chambers]. PMID- 6213900 TI - [Physical properties, motor performance, ability to concentrate and scholastic success in elementary students in various nutritional states]. PMID- 6213901 TI - [Do we need integrated and mobile health counseling?]. PMID- 6213902 TI - [Community counseling for the handicapped--illustrated by the advisory assistance for handicapped children of the Munster health department]. PMID- 6213903 TI - [Taenia infection of the Turkish population in West Berlin. Contribution to the epidemiological situation]. PMID- 6213904 TI - [Sanitary installations in restaurants from a hygienic and architectonic viewpoint]. PMID- 6213905 TI - [Sanitation of the drinking water supply from shallow water tables in Munich]. PMID- 6213906 TI - [Hygienic aspects of waste water treatment]. PMID- 6213907 TI - [Screening for phenylketonuria without false readings from antibacterial agents]. PMID- 6213908 TI - Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty: early overview (Part I). PMID- 6213909 TI - Current cancer therapy and the dental patient. PMID- 6213910 TI - [Organizational problems of rehabilitative treatment for the sick and disabled with sequelae of locomotor injuries and diseases in the Ukrainian SSR]. PMID- 6213911 TI - [Disability in congenital and early childhood-acquired diseases of the locomotor apparatus]. PMID- 6213912 TI - [Occupational rehabilitation experience with motor vehicle drivers at a polyclinic rehabilitation center]. PMID- 6213913 TI - [Means of decreasing disability in locomotor injuries]. PMID- 6213914 TI - [Social characteristics of disability in diseases of the osteoarticular system]. PMID- 6213915 TI - [Balloon catheterization of the cerebral arteries (intra-arterial navigation)]. PMID- 6213916 TI - Silastic surgical stent and dilator for use with the Singer-Blom voice restoration procedure. PMID- 6213917 TI - [Comparison of in vitro bacteriostatic effect of five betalactamins against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (author's transl)]. AB - In vitro activity of two penicillins (ticarcillin and azlocillin) and three cephalosporins (cefoperazone, cefsulodin and ceftazidime) was compared against one hundred clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa originated in two different Paris hospitals. Twenty strains were resistant to carbenicillin at a concentration of 128 mg/l. Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined by a twofold agar dilution method. The required ceftazidime concentration to inhibit 90 p. cent of the carbenicillin-susceptible isolates was 1,9 mg/l. To achieve the same inhibition, 3,9 mg of cefsulodin, 12 mg of cefoperazone, 14 mg of azlocillin or 38 mg of ticarcillin per liter were needed. Against the 209 carbenicillin-resistant isolates, ceftazidime remained active at concentrations lower than 2 mg/l in 90 p. cent of the cases. To obtain such an inhibition with the other antibiotics higher concentrations were needed. PMID- 6213918 TI - Acute glomerulonephritis. Diagnosis and treatment. PMID- 6213919 TI - Serum vitamin E concentration in patients with severe multiple handicaps treated with anticonvulsants. AB - Serum vitamin E concentrations were measured in 47 severely handicapped patients, aged from 4 to 23 years, and in 22 controls. Thirty-three of the handicapped patients with seizures were treated with phenytoin and phenobarbital; the remaining 14 patients were not treated. The serum vitamin E levels were lower in the handicapped than in controls. Among the handicapped, those treated with anticonvulsants showed much lower levels of serum vitamin E than those untreated. Ten patients under anticonvulsant therapy were selected to receive d-1-alpha tocopherol acetate, 100 mg/day, based on their low serum vitamin E levels (range of 0.27 to 0.61 mg/100 ml). After one month of tocopherol treatment, both their serum vitamin E levels and hemolysis tests returned to normal. During a three month tocopherol treatment period, both the frequencies of seizure attacks and the electroencephalogram (EEG) patterns remained unchanged. Supplementation with vitamin E is recommended in some patients under anticonvulsant therapy. PMID- 6213921 TI - The imaging diagnosis of nonpyogenic discitis in children. AB - Nonpyogenic discitis (NPD) is diagnosed on radiograms by the demonstration of the narrow disc-space with involvement of the adjacent vertebral bodies, and with radioisotope--by showing the increased uptake at the same level. Four phases are recognised in the development of the imaging changes. The isotope scan is important, especially in the latent phase of the disease when the radiograms are still negative. Radiologists are urged to consider the possibility of NPD in any child with vague abdominal, leg or back complaints whose origin cannot be ascertained. The experience of imaging diagnosis in five children is described and the differential diagnosis is discussed. PMID- 6213920 TI - Effect of aminophylline on the synthesis of dipalmitoyl phosphatidyl choline in fetal rabbit lung. AB - Aminophylline (A) administration to pregnant rabbits resulted in accelerated formation of phospholipids, the known important components of pulmonary surfactant [1]. The present study was undertaken to determine the effect of A on one of the pathways involved in the incorporation of palmitic acid into phosphatidyl choline (PC)--the "deacylation-reacylation pathway." A was injected intraperitoneally into rabbit fetuses at 27 days of gestation and its effect on palmitoyl CoA synthetase (PCS) and lysopalmitoyl choline acyl transferase (LPC AT) were studied. Only LPC-AT was enhanced significantly (P less than 0.05) as a result of direct administration of A. This study supports the suggestions by previous investigators that antenatal administration of aminophylline may prove to be an effective means of enhancing lung maturation by stimulating the formation of pulmonary surfactant production before premature delivery. However, the dose that was used in this experimental study was far more than the usual clinical dose that had been suggested previously. PMID- 6213922 TI - Comparison of methods of measuring cardiac output in newborn lambs. AB - To define agreement between methods, we measured cardiac output (CO) in chronically instrumented lambs by four different methods. In 23 lambs we measured CO simultaneously by the Fick and microsphere methods and with an electromagnetic flowmeter over a wide range of CO (80-454 ml/kg/min) in different experimental conditions on 97 occasions. When the electromagnetic flowmeter was corrected for coronary flow (about 8% of CO) calculated from microspheres, the mean cardiac outputs were almost identical for these three methods (237, 235, and 236 ml/kg x min, respectively). Comparisons between any two of the methods showed a correlation coefficient greater than 0.89. In four lambs, 52 measurements of CO by Fick and thermodilution had a correlation coefficient of 0.94. We conclude that any of the four methods, if appropriately applied, adequately measures CO in a variety of circumstances and may be used with confidence for physiologic or other studies. PMID- 6213923 TI - [Effect of parental age on the occurrence of Down's syndrome in newborn infants]. PMID- 6213924 TI - Public law 94-142: comments on the pediatricians' contribution from an educator. PMID- 6213925 TI - [Preventive treatment of asthma due to exertion in children: comparative study of 4 drugs]. PMID- 6213926 TI - Demographic influences on perceptions of school psychological services. AB - This study examined the influence of demographic variables on the perceptions of 191 teachers, 90 administrators, and 51 school psychologists when establishing preference rankings in five areas of school psychological services: priority for referral, information-gathering techniques, utilization of the school psychologist, effectiveness with exceptional children, and strategies of remediation employed. A nonparametric analysis of rank indicated contradictory perceptions among the respondents. Age, sex, degree, experience, and level of assignment affected the subjects' perceptions variously. Explanations were proposed. PMID- 6213927 TI - Interactions of handicapped and nonhandicapped persons: perceived pleasantness and length of contact. PMID- 6213928 TI - A word-superiority effect with print and braille characters. PMID- 6213929 TI - The development of an assessment chair. AB - Initial difficulties in producing seats for the physically disabled have led to an investigation of the process of seat prescription. An adjustable assessment chair was developed for the purpose of identifying patients' seating requirements. The main variables of the chair's configuration are controlled by a number of hydraulic and mechanical systems. Different support surfaces can be attached to the chair to simulate different seat characteristics. At present a bead bag vacuum consolidation system is used to simulate moulded seats. Experience to date has shown that the assessment chair performs a valuable clinical role in the provision of seating. PMID- 6213930 TI - The physical effect of lumbar spinal supports. AB - A study has been performed to investigate the physical effects of lumbar spinal supports. Two groups were studied, a group of normal male subjects and a group of male low back pain patients. Five different spinal supports were investigated and their effects upon the skin temperature, spinal movements and intra-abdominal pressures of these individuals were examined. The results show surprisingly similar patterns for the widely varying designs of support. The findings also suggest that the longer term wearing of a spinal support results in a degree of physical dependence. The results of this study are aimed at improving the prescription and use of spinal supports in the treatment of low back pain. PMID- 6213931 TI - [Functional anomalies of polymorphonuclears in Papillon-Lefever disease (author's transl)]. AB - Polymorphonuclear functions were studied in 3 patients of the same brotherhood with Papillon-Lefevre disease (hyperkeratosis palmaris and plantaris and acute periodontosis resulting in loss of teeth) who developed severe and recurrent infections. Chemotaxis, oxygen consumption and production of H2 O2 were investigated by polarography, O2 production by quantitative reduction of nitroblue tetrazolium and iodination by the Pinus and Klebanoff technique. functional anomalies of polymorphonuclears involving chemotaxis, induced O2 consumption and H2 O2 production were detected in all three patients. This study confirms the presence of polymorphonuclear functional anomalies in patients with Papillon-Lefevre disease. Analysis of the family tree of the patients, which went back to 1761, showed that this was probably not a chance association. PMID- 6213933 TI - Hodgkin's disease associated with unusual immunological manifestations. PMID- 6213932 TI - [Malignant lymphomas and sarcoidosis (author's transl)]. AB - Five cases of sarcoidosis associated with malignant lymphoma are reported. In one patient, sarcoidosis was diagnosed several years after the onset of Hodgkin's disease. Of the remaining 4 patients, three developed nodular mixed lymphoma and one immunoblastic lymphoma (complicating angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy with dysproteinaemia) 3 months to 12 years after sarcoidosis were diagnosed. Such cases are extremely rare. They may be due to coincidence, but Danish epidemiological data suggest a relationship between the two diseases. Overstepping of humoral immunity in sarcoidosis may induce the emergence of a clone of formerly quiescent neoplastic B-cells. PMID- 6213934 TI - Seven ages of disability: the soldier. PMID- 6213935 TI - Seven ages of disability: the justice. PMID- 6213936 TI - Seven ages of disability: the last scene of all. PMID- 6213937 TI - Seven ages of disability: the infant. PMID- 6213938 TI - Seven ages of disability: the lover. PMID- 6213939 TI - Seven ages of disability: the schoolboy. PMID- 6213940 TI - Dehydroepiandrosterone: an anti-obesity and anti-carcinogenic agent. AB - Long-term treatment of female C3H-Avy/A (obese) and C3H-A/A (non-obese) mice with dehydroepiandrosterone, an adrenal steroid found in subnormal levels in women predisposed to develop breast cancer, reduces weight gain without suppressing appetite and significantly inhibits the development of spontaneous breast cancer. This steroid also antagonizes the capacity of the tumor promoter, 12-0 tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate, to stimulate 3H-thymidine incorporation in mouse epidermis and in a cultured rat kidney epithelial cell line. PMID- 6213941 TI - Protective effect of nicotinamide on bracken fern induced carcinogenicity in rats. AB - Albino noninbred weanling male and female rats were fed a basic grain diet (Group 1), a basic diet supplemented with 0.5% nicotinamide (Group 2), a basic diet containing 33% bracken fern (BF) (Group 3), or a basic diet supplemented with 33% BF and 0.5% nicotinamide (Group 4) for 58 weeks. Dietary nicotinamide decreased the BF-induced incidence of both intestinal and bladder tumorigenesis by about 40%. The inhibitory effect of nicotinamide on the BF-induced intestinal and bladder tumors was significant at p less than 0.05 and p less than 0.01, respectively. PMID- 6213942 TI - The caring network. PMID- 6213943 TI - [Identification of IgG and IgM receptors on the surface of T-lymphocytes in the peripheral blood in healthy subjects]. PMID- 6213945 TI - Cardiac enlargement in a normal infant. PMID- 6213944 TI - Cardiac abnormalities in children with hyperthyroidism. AB - The cardiac status of 18 hyperthyroid (HT) children (9 black and 9 white) was evaluated by echocardiography. Mitral regurgitation (MR) was diagnosed clinically in 33% (6 of the 9 blacks). None of the 9 white children had MR. Left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD) and volume (LVEDV) did not differ from the predicted normal (PN) based on body surface area and heart rate, except in those with MR where increased LVEDD and LVEDV were noted (p less than 0.02). LV mass was +1.75 standard deviations (sigma) of the PN (p less than 0.01), due to increased wall thickness of LVEDV. Left ventricular output (LVO) was +0.35 sigma PN (p = ns); however, when compared to that of normal children, LVO of HT was higher (p less than 0.001) due to the increased heart rate. Enhanced left ventricular contractility was suggested by increased rate of dimensional change during ejection (peak dD/dt-syst), with a mean value of -11.39 cm/sec as compared to the normal of -9.54 cm/sec (p less than 0.01). A linear multivariate regression equation differentiated the cardiac status of HT from that of normal children. Following treatment to euthyroid state, MR disappeared in 2 and became less in 4 patients. LVO, LV mass, and peak dD/dt-syst also became less. Significant cardiac changes occur in children with hyperthyroidism, which may be reversible in part after euthyroidism is restored. PMID- 6213946 TI - [Radiological sign of left diaphragmatic dome indentation by enlarged left cardiac ventricle. Part I. Anatomical elements of the sign (author's transl)]. PMID- 6213947 TI - [Radiological sign of the left diaphragmatic dome indentation by enlarged left cardiac ventricle. Part II. Diagnostic value of the sign (author's transl)]. PMID- 6213948 TI - Warfarin-induced vasculitis: a dose-related phenomenon in susceptible individuals? PMID- 6213949 TI - Renal failure as a suspected adverse reaction to benoxaprofen. PMID- 6213950 TI - The general practitioner and the handicapped child. PMID- 6213951 TI - Topical corticosteroids in seborrhoeic dermatitis. A report from The General Practitioner Research Group. PMID- 6213952 TI - Acne. PMID- 6213953 TI - Occupational skin disorders. PMID- 6213954 TI - Skin reactions after triple vaccine. PMID- 6213955 TI - The possibility of prenatal diagnosis by gene dosage: confirmation of duplication 10q24 to qter from GOT-1 activity in fetal erythrocytes. AB - The activity of four enzymes, including GOT-1, has been investigated in he erythrocytes of a 10q to 24 qter trisomic fetus. Analyses have been performed on a feto-maternal blood mixture sampled by fetoscopy and on red cells obtained by cardiac puncture, following therapeutic abortion. The demonstration of a 40 per cent increase of GOT-1 activity, as compared to normal fetuses of similar gestational age, suggests that gene dosage studies may be a useful confirmatory technique in prenatal diagnosis of unbalanced chromosomal aberrations. Practical application of a similar diagnostic approach is conditioned by (1) precise characterization of fetal chromosome imbalance; (2) confirmed assignment of the gene locus coding for the gene product under investigation; (3) evidence of a linear proportionality between gene dose and concentration of the gene product in patients with the same chromosome imbalance detected in the fetus; (4) knowledge of the range of normal variation at different weeks of gestation of the enzyme activity to be tested in the fetus; (5) safety of fetal sampling procedure. PMID- 6213956 TI - Prenatal diagnosis for the detection of Down syndrome: why are so few eligible women tested? AB - Postpartum women greater than or equal to 33 years were interviewed about their attitudes to and knowledge and use of prenatal diagnosis. Overall, 68 per cent had heard of prenatal diagnosis: nevertheless, only 30 per cent of those greater than or equal to 35 had actually been tested. The only significant difference between eligible women who were tested and those who were not was maternal age. Of those tested, half requested it for themselves; conversely, only two thirds of women requesting the procedure actually received it. Among women not tested, 82 per cent were never offered the procedure by the physician. Expressed attitudes to prenatal diagnosis were strongly positive among all women, with 75 per cent continuing to want testing after learning both their age-specific risk of having an affected child and the possible risks of amniocentesis. The data document a potential demand for amniocentesis far in excess of current use and present service facilities. They suggest, moreover, that underuse may reflect professional hesitation and underreferral more than consumer lack of demand or reluctance to be tested. PMID- 6213957 TI - [Spontaneous rupture into the supra-renal inferior vena cava of a large posterior unilocular hydatid cyst]. PMID- 6213959 TI - [Improvements in antituberculosis services in the Uzbek SSR during the 10th five year-plan]. PMID- 6213958 TI - Pathogenesis and pathophysiology of essential hypertension. PMID- 6213960 TI - [50th anniversary of the Sverdlovsk Tuberculosis Research Institute]. PMID- 6213961 TI - Therapeutic angiography in renal transplant complications. PMID- 6213962 TI - Dental treatment of children with congenital heart disease. PMID- 6213965 TI - [Theoretical-practical educational course on nursing care of the handicapped]. PMID- 6213963 TI - Equilibrium cooperative binding of calcium and protons by sarcoplasmic reticulum ATPase. AB - The cooperative equilibrium binding of Ca2+ by sarcoplasmic reticulum ATPase, as modulated by pH, is analyzed by statistical mechanical treatment of a theoretical model. The model consists of four equivalent subunits, in the form of a square, with nearest-neighbor interactions. Each subunit has one site for binding of one Ca2+ or one proton, but not both. Binding of either ligand on a subunit induces a conformational change in the subunit that alters its interaction with its two neighbors. The model gives good agreement with experimental binding data. It should prove useful as a starting point in the analysis of steady-state ATPase activity as a function of Ca2+ and H+ concentrations. PMID- 6213964 TI - Sodium ion modulates D2 receptor characteristics of dopamine agonist and antagonist binding sites in striatum and retina. AB - Sodium ion (Na(+)) influences binding of both dopamine agonists and antagonists to D(2) receptors in striatum and retina. Also, Na(+) markedly potentiates the loss of high-affinity agonist binding due to the GTP analogue p[NH]ppG. 2-Amino 6, 7-dihydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro[5,8-(3)H]naphthalene ([(3)H]ADTN) binds exclusively to an agonist conformation of D(2) receptor in both striatum and retina, distinct from the antagonist conformation labeled by [(3)H]spiroperidol or [(3)H]domperidone in striatum or by [(3)H]spiroperidol in retina. Na(+) is not required for interaction of [(3)H]ADTN or antagonist radioligand sites with the selective D(2) agonist LY-141865, the D(2) antagonist domperidone, or nonselective dopamine agonists or antagonists; however, Na(+) is necessary for high affinity interaction of those radioligand sites with the D(2) antagonists molindone and metoclopramide. With Na(+) present, striatal sites for [(3)H]ADTN, [(3)H]spiroperidol, and [(3)H]domperidone have similar affinities for antagonists but only [(3)H]ADTN sites have high affinity for agonists. Na(+) further decreases the low affinity of dopamine agonists for [(3)H]spiroperidol binding sites. Also, Na(+) enhances [(3)H]spiroperidol and decreases [(3)H]ADTN binding. Na(+) alone causes bound [(3)H]ADTN to dissociate from at least 30% of striatal and 50% of retinal sites, and with Na(+) present [(3)H]ADTN rapidly dissociates from the remaining sites upon addition of p[NH]ppG. It is proposed that D(2) receptors in striatum and retina exist in distinct but interconvertible conformational states, with different properties depending on the presence or absence of Na(+) and of guanine nucleotide. PMID- 6213966 TI - The possible role of protein-carboxyl methylation in sperm motility and capacitation. PMID- 6213967 TI - Pharmacologic control of pemoline induced self-injurious behavior in rats. AB - Administration of oral Pemoline produces long lasting amphetamine-type stereotyped behavior and persistent self-biting behavior in rats. The effects of haloperidol, pimozide, diazepam, and serotonin depletion by pretreatment with p chlorophenylalanine (PCPA) or chronic pretreatment with p-chloroamphetamine (PCA) on abnormal behavior produced by pemoline were studied. Diazepam consistently increased the duration of stereotyped behavior. It also reduced licking/biting and self-biting but the latter effects were not consistent. Pretreatment with PCA had negligible effects on stereotyped behavior. Pretreatment with PCPA dramatically increased locomotion and rearing without affecting the other components of stereotypy--stereotyped head movements, licking/biting, and self biting. Haloperidol (0.2 and 0.3 mg/kg) produced a dose related normalization of pemoline induced behaviors, including elimination of self-biting. Pimozide (0.5, 0.8 and 1.3 mg/kg) had little or no effect on behaviors such as locomotions, rears, licking/biting, or stereotyped head movements but eliminated self-biting at 1.3 mg/kg. These data suggest that pemoline, like amphetamine, produces stereotyped behavior through central dopaminergic mechanisms. Dopaminergic mechanisms also appear to be involved in pemoline induced self-biting. pemoline is apparently pharmacologically and behaviorally very similar to amphetamine. Pemoline may provide a useful animal model for syndromes characterized by self injurious behavior and other repetitive behaviors. PMID- 6213969 TI - Antispasmodic activity of Origanum compactum. Part 2: Antagonistic effect of thymol and carvacrol. PMID- 6213968 TI - Synchronous control of metabolic activity by K+ transiently and reversibly liberated from adsorption sites during muscle contraction: an extension of association-induction theory. PMID- 6213970 TI - [Therapeutic experiences in the treatment of hyperkineses with the neuroleptic pimozide (Antalon, Orap) in the frame of Huntington chorea]. PMID- 6213971 TI - Plasma glutamate decarboxylase activity in neuropsychiatry. AB - Plasma glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) activity was measured in patients with endogenous psychoses and neurologic diseases. Unmedicated schizophrenic patients showed no difference in plasma GAD levels compared to controls. Administration of neuroleptics together with anticholinergic agents increased plasma GAD activity in schizophrenic patients. Compared to controls, patients with major depression and bipolar illness showed significantly lower GAD activity. No effect of antidepressants and minor tranquilizers on plasma GAD activity was found. Relatively lower GAD activity was shown in neurotic patients. The enzyme activity in plasma of patients with Huntington's chorea (HC) was lower than control levels. The plasma GAD concentrations correlated with cerebrospinal fluid concentrations in five HC patients. PMID- 6213972 TI - The changing-criterion design: assessment of running behavior of a handicapped youth. PMID- 6213973 TI - [In-vivo abrasion of composite fillings: a quantitative study]. PMID- 6213974 TI - [The handicapped want help--but not pity]. PMID- 6213975 TI - [Prevention in patients with limited treatment capabilities]. PMID- 6213976 TI - Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty in peripheral vascular disease. PMID- 6213977 TI - [Procedure and purpose of thoracic radiology (author's transl)]. AB - X-ray investigations of patients with symptoms of thoracical illness require the posterior-anterior and the lateral projections as well. The lateral projection is not necessary for routine screening examinations of patients younger than 40 years. Fluoroscopy is used in appropriately one third of the patients to clarify or to bring additional information to the diagnosis. X-rays taken in inspiration and exspiration help to disclose malfunctions in breathing of one or both lungs. X-rays taken with the patient lying on his side and with the X-ray beam centered horizontally provide an improved viewing of small basal pleural effusions and the mobility of mediastinum. An X-ray technique of high quality is needed to obtain important parameters for the diagnosis. Analysis of the X-ray picture must be carried out systemetically. Applied knowledge of clinical data raises the number of correct-positive and incorrect-positive observations. Repeated analysis by the same observer or group observations leads to an increase in the reliability of the diagnosis. PMID- 6213978 TI - The site of arterial wall rupture in transluminal angioplasty: an experimental study. AB - The site of arterial rupture following arterial balloon dilatation was studied in postmortem canine arteries. An atherosclerotic plaque was simulated by insertion of a solid nylon ball. Longitudinal tears of intima and media were produced at the level of the nylon ball. The site of arterial rupture can therefore be predicted if localized changes of wall strength can be neglected. On the other hand, the site of arterial rupture in clinical cases will depend mainly on the consistency and tensile strength of the diseased artery. PMID- 6213979 TI - Duplication of the mullerian ducts and genitourinary malformations. Part I: the value of excretory urography. AB - Forty-seven females with duplication of the uterus and cervix were retrospectively studied and their associated urinary tract malformations were analyzed. In 31 of the patients duplication of the mullerian ducts was diagnosed during the work-up for major genitourinary malformations that corresponded to three main complexes of anomalies: cloacal anomalies (16 patients), exstrophic deformities (4 patients), and renal malformation on the same side as an occluded mullerian duct (11 patients). Another five patients with normal kidneys had incomplete mullerian duct fusion discovered incidentally at autopsy, surgery, or during the work-up for urinary tract infections. None of the 11 women examined by excretory urography following the discovery of duplication of mullerian ducts by hysterosalpingography had urinary tract abnormalities. Therefore, although failure of fusion of the mullerian ducts frequently coexists with other genitourinary anomalies, the associated malformations manifest themselves clinically. Women who are found to have duplication of the reproductive tract during the work-up for infertility and who are otherwise asymptomatic and have a normal physical examination do not require urographic investigation. PMID- 6213980 TI - Duplication of the mullerian ducts and genitourinary malformations. Part II: analysis of malformations. AB - Forty-seven females with duplication of the uterus and cervix were retrospectively studied to obtain a better understanding of the reasons for failure of fusion of the mullerian ducts by analyzing the associated genitourinary malformations. Thirty-one of the 47 patients had major genitourinary malformations that corresponded to three main complexes of anomalies. Cloacal anomalies were present in 16 patients, exstrophy in two, and combined cloacal and exstrophic deformities in another two. Renal malformations ipsilateral to a unilateral occluded mullerian duct were seen in 11 patients, and in four of these an ectopic ureter opened into the occluded duct. From the analysis of these anomalies it is proposed that duplication of the female genital system, when not an isolated event, may be secondary to interference of the normal process of mullerian fusion by a persistent cloacal duct, an abnormal pelvic girdle, or an ectopic ureter. PMID- 6213981 TI - Ultrasonography and computed tomography of inflammatory abdominal wall lesions. AB - Twenty-four patients with inflammatory lesions of the abdominal wall were examined by ultrasonography. Nine of these patients underwent computed tomographic (CT) scanning as well. Both ultrasonography and CT clearly delineated the exact location and extent of abdominal wall abscesses. Abscesses were easily differentiated from cellulitis or phlegmon with ultrasound. The peritoneal line was more clearly delineated on ultrasonograms than on CT scans; abscesses were also more distinct on the ultrasonograms because of their low echogenicity compared with the surrounding structures. Gas bubbles, fat density with specific low attenuation values, and underlying inflamed bowel loops in obese patients with Crohn's disease were better delineated by CT. PMID- 6213982 TI - Accurate and safe puncture of a pulseless femoral artery: an aid in performing iliac artery percutaneous transluminal angioplasty. PMID- 6213984 TI - [Allergic reaction to Patent Bleu V during lymphoadenographic examination. 2 case reports]. PMID- 6213983 TI - [Accumulation of sodium 2,3-dicarboxypropan-1,1-diphosphonate in bone of rabbits (author's transl)]. PMID- 6213985 TI - [Evaluation of left ventricular enlargement in isolated aortic insufficiency. Importance of the total cardiac volume calculated on the standard chest film]. AB - A radiographic and hemodynamic investigation has been performed in 53 patients with pure isolated aortic regurgitation, in order to evaluate the most reliable method to detect left ventricular enlargement in this condition. Twelve plain chest film measurements have been compared to the end diastolic volume of the left ventricle calculated by left ventricular angiography. The most sensitive detector of left ventricular enlargement was the plain film total heart volume ( r = 0.754); the cardiothoracic ratio, the cardiac perimeter and the frontal area were less sensitive measurements, but still statistically significant (p less than 0.001). The results of our investigation support the conclusion that plain film total heart volume is the most reliable single measurement for evaluating the left ventricular enlargement in patients with isolated pure aortic incompetence. PMID- 6213986 TI - [Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser syndrome. Apropos of 3 cases]. PMID- 6213987 TI - Manpower policy and the disabled person: an international perspective. PMID- 6213988 TI - The public employment and training system and persons with disabilities. PMID- 6213989 TI - The quota system for the employment of disabled persons. PMID- 6213990 TI - [Heat flow meter for measuring regional heat flux in man (author's transl)]. PMID- 6213991 TI - Maximal expiratory flows and forced vital capacity in normal, asthmatic and bronchitic subjects after salbutamol and ipratropium bromide. AB - A total of 2,880 maximum expiratory flow-volume curves were performed in a controlled double-blind cross-over examination designed to evaluate the bronchodilating effects of two different nebulized doses of salbutamol (1.75 and 0.875 mg) and ipratropium bromide (0.175 and 0.0875 mg) inhaled by 8 normal, 8 asthmatic, and 8 bronchitic subjects. FEV1, FVC, and flows at 50% FVC and at three fixed volumes below TLC have been measured over a period of 6 h on the maximum expiratory flow-volume curve. In the normal subjects, salbutamol seems to have a smaller bronchodilating effect than ipratropium bromide both at high and low lung volumes. After salbutamol the average initial FEV1 increased from 4.0 to 4.3 liters, whereas after ipratropium bromide it increased to 4.4 liters. In our asthmatic patients the initial response to salbutamol was much larger than to ipratropium bromide. After salbutamol FEV1 increased from 1.8 to 2.7 liters in 60 min, whereas after ipratropium bromide it increased to 2.4 liters in 120 min. In our bronchitic patients the difference between the two drugs seems to be very small. After both drugs FEV1 increased from 1.6 to 2.1 liters. The choice of drug for treatment of the condition would then depend on how well the individual patients tolerate the two drugs. PMID- 6213992 TI - [Histometrical estimation of the left ventricular hypertrophy in aortic insufficiency (author's transl)]. PMID- 6213993 TI - [Social reintegration of the disabled (author's transl)]. PMID- 6213994 TI - [Rehabilitation of defective hearing (author's transl)]. PMID- 6213995 TI - [Evaluation of motor handicapped (author's transl)]. PMID- 6213996 TI - [Therapy of gram-negative septicemia and bronchopneumonia (author's transl)]. PMID- 6213998 TI - [Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy: clinical, hereditary and histological features: study of a family (author's transl)]. AB - The family of an "affected" subject with limb girdle dystrophy has been studied in order to assess the clinical-hereditary characteristics of the disease and to contribute to its definite genetic features (phenotypical expressiveness of the pathologic gene). The diagnosis of certitude was based on the anamnestic-clinical criteria and instrumental investigations, supported by histological and histochemical studies of the muscles. The clinical, electromyographic and biochemical data made it possible to distinguish the "affected" from the "subclinical" and the healthy subjects. The subjects that, without noticeable symptoms of neuromuscular disorders, showed a slight clinical expressiveness which didn't alter the normal social and working activities, have been defined "subclinical". The modalities of hereditary transmission of this form of muscular dystrophy are considered in the light of the genetics most present trends that are tending to overcome the dominant-recessive dualism. The possibility of a modality of transmission definable as "intermediate inheritance" is proposed. In the case of the examined family the hypothesis that a pathologic recessive autosomic gene gives rise to a clinical expressiveness in heterozygote subjects seems tenable. This situation definable as "incomplete recessive" is rarely found in the limb girdle dystrophy. PMID- 6213997 TI - Concanavalin A-induced suppressor cell activity and in vitro immunoglobulin secretion in rheumatoid arthritis: correlation with clinical and immunological parameters. AB - Concanavalin A-induced suppressor cell activity was found moderately but significantly (P less than 0.05) decreased in RA patients treated with nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (31 +/- 7% suppression) as compared to patients on remission-inducing drugs, such as gold, penicillamine, or chloroquine (51 +/- 6%) or to healthy individuals (50 +/- 6%). Also, lymphocytes from patients with antibodies to collagen mediated lower suppression (33 +/- 7%) than lymphocytes from patients without evidence for these autoantibodies (61 +/- 11%). No significant difference between patients and controls or between individual groups of patients were observed in regard to IgM and IgG secretion induced by pokeweed mitogen. Thus, although no indication for a severe derangement of regulatory cells in peripheral blood of RA patients could be observed in this study, a slight deficiency of ConA-inducible suppressor cells that may be reverted by remission-inducing drugs seems to be present in RA. PMID- 6214000 TI - Folate and vitamin B12 (cobalamin) blood levels in elderly persons in geriatric homes. AB - Significantly lower mean plasma and whole blood folate levels were noted in elderly persons in geriatric homes as compared to mean values of a reference sample group. The vitamin B12 levels of the elderly persons did not differ significantly from the reference values. More elderly, however, had low B12 values when assayed with a specific binder than when assayed with a non-specific binder. This probably means that B12 analogues are more frequently present in elderly persons in geriatric homes than in subjects in the reference sample group. One half of the disabled elderly persons had low B12 and/or low folate levels as compared to only one fifth of the not disabled elderly persons. Hypersegmentation of neutrophils in peripheral blood was observed in elderly persons who had low levels of B12 as well as of both plasma and whole blood folate. Those with normal values of at least one of these variables did not have hypersegmentation more frequently than those with normal B12 and folate values, implying that isolated low values of either B12 or folate is not synonymous with functional deficiency. PMID- 6213999 TI - [T-lymphocyte subpopulations in chronic inflammatory rheumatism]. AB - Monoclonal antibodies to a series of human lymphocytes subpopulations antigens (OKT) specific of the peripheral T cells (OKT3), of the inducer population (OKT4) of the suppressor cytotoxic population (OKT 5, OKT8), and anti-Ia (OKI1) were used to study blood lymphocytes from 50 patients with active or inactive rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and from 23 patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS). In RA patients, there is a significant decrease of the total T cell population (T3 +) with higher percentages of helper (T4 +) T cells than in controls. In active forms of the disease, there also is a decrease in the suppressor cytotoxic (T5 + and T8 +) subset with a significant increase of the immunoregulating ratios T4 +/T5 + or T4 +/T8 +. Elevated levels of Ia + lymphocytes are found in all RA patients. Corticosteroid treatment seems to erase these abnormalities. On the contrary in AS patients, no significant modification of the T cell populations was evidenced. PMID- 6214001 TI - Bone formation of transplanted autologous bone matrix in rabbit evaluated by technetium radionuclide bone imaging. AB - In adult rabbits a 12 mm piece of the radius was bilaterally resected and subsequently decalcified. One piece was placed in one of the radial defects and the other in a skin tube on the back. The other radial defect served as a control. The bone formation process was evaluated by roentgenographic examination and quantified radionuclide bone imaging by technetium diphosphonate scintigraphy at 3 and 6 months postoperatively. Reliability of the scintigraphy method was assessed by means of testing interexamination variability where the same sample was measured twice and where no significant difference was found. In the defect restituted with decalcified bone matrix there was a significantly (p less than 0.01) higher bone formation rate at 3 months postoperatively, with a mean increase of 47% compared to the control side. In the skin tube the implanted matrix showed mineral formation both at 3 and 6 months postoperatively and increased radionuclide uptake compared to the adjacent tissues. Technitium radionuclide imaging was found to be a suitable method for evaluation of the bone formation in these small defects. PMID- 6214002 TI - [The combination methyl-CCNU, vincristine, 5-fluorouracil and streptozotocin in the treatment of advanced colo-rectal adenocarcinoma]. AB - Sixteen patients with advanced colo-rectal cancer were treated with the combination methyl-CCNU, vincristin, 5-fluorouracil and streptozotocin (MOF Strepto). Seven cases were previously untreated. A partial remission was observed only in one patient (6%, confidence limits to 95%: 1-17%). Marked gastrointestinal and hematologic toxicity was registered. Based on this experience the authors are unable to confirm other pilot studies claiming major antitumor activity for MOF-Strepto in the treatment of advanced colo-rectal cancer. PMID- 6214003 TI - Management of the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) carrier. PMID- 6214004 TI - [Inhibitory mechanism of isomaltulose for insoluble glucan synthesis by Streptococcus mutans (author's transl)]. PMID- 6214005 TI - Cellular immunological dysfunction in systemic lupus erythematosus. PMID- 6214006 TI - [Technics in coronary surgery]. PMID- 6214007 TI - Toxic shock syndrome in a man. PMID- 6214008 TI - Susceptibility of Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates from Jakarta, Indonesia, to antibiotics. AB - The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of penicillin, tetracycline and spectinomycin was determined for 6 beta-lactamase (PPNG) and 73 non beta lactamase producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates from Jakarta, Indonesia. All PPNG were resistant to greater than or equal to 128 micrograms/ml penicillin. Forty-six percent of the non-PPNG strains were inhibited by less than or equal to 1.0 microgram/ml of penicillin and 97% by less than or equal to 4 micrograms/ml. Most of the PPNG and non-PPNG isolates (90%) were inhibited by less than or equal to 4 micrograms/ml tetracycline and less than or equal to 16 micrograms/ml spectinomycin. Two non-PPNG strains were resistant to 64 micrograms/ml of tetracycline, 8 micrograms/ml penicillin and 32 micrograms/ml spectinomycin. The non-PPNG strains generally were more resistant to penicillin and tetracycline compared to strains tested from other parts of the world in previously reported studies. PMID- 6214009 TI - [Dispensary care quality and effectiveness for mechanical engineers]. PMID- 6214010 TI - [Methodological approaches to the complex assessment and prediction of the health status of the population]. PMID- 6214011 TI - [Efficient specialized employment of pensioners in agricultural production]. PMID- 6214012 TI - [Medical care for the aged in boarding houses]. PMID- 6214013 TI - [Epidemiological health station work in the public health and welfare of rural population centers]. PMID- 6214014 TI - [Council for coordinating the activities of medical societies]. PMID- 6214015 TI - [Cooperation of a research institute and practical public health organs]. PMID- 6214016 TI - [Integration of the teaching of social hygiene and public health organization with clinical departments]. PMID- 6214017 TI - [Don party organizations at the head of public health development in 1923-1924]. PMID- 6214018 TI - [State Institute of Social Hygiene of the People's Commissariat of Public Health of the RSFSR and its role in the development of the theory and organization of Soviet public health]. PMID- 6214019 TI - [Participation of zemstvo physicians of Udmurtia in the revolutionary movement of 1905-1907]. PMID- 6214020 TI - [Myocardial contractile function in infectious allergic myocarditis]. PMID- 6214021 TI - [Work experience of the organizing supervisors of the Volgograd Province Public Health Department]. PMID- 6214022 TI - [Hemodynamic changes in congenital heart defects with isometric myocardial hyperfunction]. PMID- 6214023 TI - [Status and prospects of research on heart failure in the RSFSR]. PMID- 6214025 TI - [Organization of specialized treatment for atrial fibrillation patients]. PMID- 6214024 TI - [Pathogenetic, clinical and diagnostic problems and the methodological bases for correcting the immune complex syndrome]. PMID- 6214026 TI - [Outpatient treatment of early forms of arteriosclerosis and ischemic heart disease in fishermen]. PMID- 6214028 TI - Assessment of the progress of the back-pain patient 1981 Volvo Award in Clinical Science. AB - Fifteen subjective variables reflecting the severity of back pain, the circumstances exacerbating symptoms, and the impact of the problem on life style were scored on Visual Analogue Scales. It was possible to combine the results from these assessments to provide a global subjective index. Repeated measurements by the same observer showed a high degree of reproducibility, but when performed by separate observers discrepancies arose in certain questions. By improving certain questions and standardizing their presentation to the patient, a considerable improvement in the correlation of results between observers was obtained. Objective assessments of spinal motion and straight leg raising and a global objective index showed a high degree of intraobserver reproducibility. This technique was applied to a study of relief of back pain by lumbar corsets when it was found that there was significantly greater relief of back pain by a corset with a lumbar support than one without a spinal support. We conclude that the emphasis in assessing the progress of the back-pain patient must be on the subjective parameters, and the technique developed offers a useful method for reliably assessing patients and following their progress. PMID- 6214027 TI - Physiologic strains in the lumbar spinal ligaments. An in vitro biomechanical study 1981 Volvo Award in Biomechanics. AB - For understanding of the mechanical causes of low-back pain, knowledge of the biomechanics of the various spinal elements is essential. In this in vitro biomechanical study, in situ behavior of spinal ligaments of the L3-4 and L4-5 functional spinal units during physiologic activities was studied in a three stage procedure. First, 72 load-displacement curves were obtained to determine the three-dimensional flexibility characteristics of the spinal units. Second, three-dimensional morphometric measurements were made of all the spinal ligament attachment points. Finally, a mathematical model was constructed to combine the flexibility and morphometric data and compute the ligament length changes and strains as functions of various spinal movements. In flexion movement, the interspinous and supra-spinous ligaments were found to be subjected to the highest strains, followed by the capsular ligaments and the ligamentum flavum. During extension, it is the anterior longitudinal ligament that has the maximum strain. In lateral bending, the contralateral transverse ligaments carried the highest strains, while the interspinous and supraspinous ligaments were relatively unstrained. In rotation, the capsular ligaments were by far the most strained ligaments. PMID- 6214029 TI - Biological changes in the annulus fibrosus in patients with low-back pain. AB - The anterior annulus from patients undergoing surgery for low-back pain was compared with the same region removed at autopsy. Collagen, proteoglycan, and water content were measured in different regions across the annulus. Water and proteoglycan contents increased from the outer to the inner annulus, whereas the collagen contents declined. Quantitative differences were found between agematched surgical and autopsy specimens. Discs from most patients showed lowered proteoglycan contents, and a few of these showed high water contents. Loss of collagen in isolated areas of the annulus was demonstrated in some patients. Collagen loss occurred most frequently in the lumbosacral disc, whereas changes in proteoglycan and water were more frequent higher in the lumbar region. No qualitative changes in collagen types were detected immunochemically. In many patients, the levels of proteoglycan which aggregated in vitro were extremely low. Changes in hexosamine molar ratio of disc proteoglycan and in the length of the chondroitin sulfate side chains were observed with aging in this group of patients. PMID- 6214031 TI - Challenges in the 1981 Act. PMID- 6214030 TI - Vibration and the human spine. AB - Vibrational effects have been found to be associated with increased frequency of low-back pain in various industries, and because of this the study herein reported was conducted to assess the physiologic response of the spinal system to sinusoidal vibrations. A device replicating industrial vibration was constructed and employed on healthy human volunteers to determine the stiffness, impedence, and resonant characteristics of the subjects. Three peaks of enhanced transmissibility corresponding to the resonant frequency of the spinal system were found. The greatest transmissibility of vibratory input occurs at the first resonant frequency (5Hz) where marked enhancement of vibrational input occurs as vibrations pass through the spinal system. A progressive stiffening of the system occurs in response to vibrational inputs of increasing frequency. The effects of posture, the Valsalva maneuver, and fatigue alter the normal response. Structures vibrated at the first resonant frequency have greater potential for damage. PMID- 6214032 TI - Diet influences in dental care for the developmentally disabled patient. PMID- 6214033 TI - The expanding role of the dental consultant in the hospital. PMID- 6214035 TI - The reconstruction of defects of the abdominal wall with split thickness skin grafts. AB - In our series, large, full thickness defects of the abdominal wall, resulting from debridement for fasciitis, were not primarily closed. Defects were treated open with topical applications and nutritional support. From seven to 20 days from the onset of treatment, exposed viscera were densely adhered with granulation tissue upon which skin grafts could be placed. For large abdominal wall defects which cannot be primarily closed, this technique is safe and functioning satisfactorily. PMID- 6214034 TI - Scanning electron microscopy evaluation of porous and nonporous arterial substitutes. AB - The fate of two different kinds of new small arterial substitutes, porous and nonporous, has been compared, particularly with regard to the structure of the luminal surface. Twenty-eight weavenit Dacron pyrolytic carbon coated grafts and 28 glutaraldehyde-tanned human umbilical vein segments were implanted into the carotid arteries of dogs. Grafts were removed at intervals, from ten to 120 days after implantation, and examined by scanning electron microscopy. The cumulative patency rate was 96.4 per cent for Dacron and 85.7 per cent for umbilical vein grafts. Ten days after implantation, the Dacron grafts were uniformly covered by a thin thrombus layer, while the umbilical vein grafts showed a thin network of fibrin on the central portion of the luminal surface of the graft and thrombotic deposits at the anastomoses. Thirty days after implantation, both types of prostheses showed the development of a thin fibrous tissue layer on the inner surface. Finally, at 120 days, an endothelial lining was observed. PMID- 6214036 TI - A technique for open peritoneoscopy. PMID- 6214037 TI - Teratogenic effects of cyproterone acetate and medroxyprogesterone treatment during the pre- and postimplantation period of mouse embryos. II. Cyproterone acetate and medroxyprogesterone acetate treatment before implantation in vivo and in vitro. AB - The study was performed to investigate direct embryotoxic effects of maternal progestin treatment during the preimplantation period. In the first experiment pregnant mice received a single subcutaneous injection of either cyproterone acetate (CA) or medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) on day 2 of pregnancy (5-600 mg/kg). In a second experiment four-cell embryos were exposed to CA or MPA in vitro (3 or 30 micrograms/ml medium). Our results revealed: (1) After maternal treatment the number of live embryos was reduced after the highest CA dose. Development into blastocysts was inhibited in a dose-related manner after CA but not after MPA. The number of cells in morulae, blastocysts, and of the inner cell mass (ICM) of late blastocysts was not affected. (2) When morulae and blastocysts were cultured in vitro after maternal treatment, hatching, attachment, and trophoblast outgrowth were inhibited after high doses, but development and differentiation of the ICM were inhibited even after low doses. (3) Application of 30 micrograms/ml of CA or MPA in vitro was directly embryolethal. Three micrograms/ml did not affect development into blastocysts, but ICM development and differentiation were again inhibited during subsequent culture in hormone free medium. (4) Qualitative protein synthesis was altered in morulae and blastocysts 24 hours after maternal CA treatment. According to our results high doses of progestins are embryotoxic before implantation, low doses have delayed effects on embryonic development that are particularly evident after implantation in vitro. PMID- 6214039 TI - Acyl-enzymes as thrombolytic agents in a rabbit model of venous thrombosis. AB - A derivative of human lys-plasmin in which the active site has been reversibly acylated (BRL 26920; p-anisoyl human lys-plasmin) has been examined as a fibrinolytic agent in a previously described rabbit model of venous thrombosis and shown to be significantly more active and less fibrinogenolytic than free plasmin. A p-anisoylated derivative of a streptokinase (SK)-activated plasmin preparation was significantly less fibrinogenolytic in vivo than the non-acylated enzyme. Acylation increased the fibrinolytic activity of preparations of SK plasmin activator complexes. BRL 26921, the active site anisoylated derivative of the primary 2-chain SK-plasminogen complex was the most potent fibrinolytic agent studied. SK-Val442-plasminogen complexes, free or acylated, were biologically inactive in this model and confirm the essential nature of fibrin binding processes for effective thrombolysis in vivo. PMID- 6214038 TI - Effects of mercury compounds on ovulation and meiotic and mitotic chromosomes in female golden hamsters. PMID- 6214040 TI - Platelet function in familial hypercholesterolaemia in South Africa and the effects of probucol. AB - Patients with Familial Hyperlipoproteinaemia Type II showed evidence of increased platelet aggregability when compared to normal controls. This abnormality was not influenced by oral therapy with probucol whether or not the serum cholesterol levels were lowered during the study period. Probucol assays indicated adequate compliance during the study period but did not demonstrate any uptake of the drug by platelets. In vitro studies also failed to demonstrate any inhibition of platelet function at therapeutic drug levels although higher levels were inhibitory. PMID- 6214042 TI - Rapid responses of lymphocytes in an optimized mixed lymphocyte culture. AB - When adherent mononuclear cells are removed from whole blood, the separated lymphocytes respond rapidly by proliferation to foreign cocultured lymphocytes. The reaction of responding cells against a pool of foreign stimulating cells can be detected in this rapid mixed lymphocyte culture (r-MLC) within 28 h and antigenic disparity between family members, differing for only one HLA haplotype, can be measured within 36 h. These early responses show genetic specificity corresponding to those observed in a standard MLC at 96 h. The involvement of similar cell populations in the regulation of early responses to allogeneic cells and increased responses to autologous cells in r-MLC, as well as accelerated responses in secondary MLC, is discussed. PMID- 6214041 TI - Inhibition by anticoagulant drugs of the progressive hypertension and uremia associated with renal infarction in rats. AB - We confirmed our previously reported findings that subcutaneous administration of heparin (200 U q 12 hr) in rats with experimental partial renal infarction prevents the development of progressive renal failure and hypertension, as well as the glomerular abnormalities which occur in the remaining viable renal tissue. In the present study, heparin, in the dosage used to prevent progressive renal failure, caused a marked and sustained prolongation of the activated partial thromboplastin time and prothrombin time, as well as a transient prolongation of the bleeding time. Administration of coumadin at doses which caused a significant prolongation of the prothrombin time and bleeding time also inhibited the development of progressive hypertension and uremia in rats with experimental partial renal infarction. These findings indicate that inhibition of blood coagulation effectively protects rats with experimentally decreased renal mass from the development of progressive renal failure and hypertension and support the concept that the glomerular thrombosis plays an important role in the pathogenesis of these complications. PMID- 6214043 TI - Polymorphism of the mixed lymphocyte culture response in the rabbit. PMID- 6214044 TI - Ultrastructure and formation of the physogastric termite queen cuticle. AB - The physogastric termite queen is the most striking example in insects of growth in size without cuticular moulting. This phenomenon has been studied with electron microscopy and histochemical tests in two species of higher termites, Cubitermes fungifaber and Macrotermes bellicosus. The abdominal hypertrophy (physogastry) is allowed by growth of the arthrodial membranes of the swarming imago. The growth is slow (over several years) but important: the cuticular dry weight is multiplied by 20 in C. fungifaber, by 100-150 in M. bellicosus. The termite queen cuticle arises from the transformation of the cuticle of the swarming imago or imaginal cuticle (unfolding and growing of the epicuticle, stretching of the endocuticle, resorption of the subcuticle) and from the secretion of a new endocuticle or royal endocuticle. The termite queen is the first example known in insects of epicuticular growth. In the physogastric queen, three cuticular types are observed: the rigid cuticle of the sclerites, the soft cuticle of the arthrodial membranes and the partially rigid cuticle of special structures, the neosclerites, which show both rigidity and growth. The fibrillar architecture varies according to the abdominal zones and the position within the cuticle. It appears to be determined by the forces arising from the musculature and the anisometric abdominal growth. The king does not become physogastric, although its cuticle is also modified. PMID- 6214045 TI - Studies of immune functions of patients with chronic hepatitis. AB - Peripheral T cells from patients with chronic active hepatitis (CAH) showed a significantly decreased suppressor effect (or increased helper effect) on allogeneic B cell differentiation into Ig-producing cells (Ig-PC) (p less than 0.05). After irradiation of T cells to eliminate suppressor influences, mean spontaneous helper activity of CAH was not different from that of healthy subjects, indicating that spontaneous helper activity of CAH was normal. Concanavalin A (Con A)-induced suppressor cell activity was significantly decreased in CAH (p less than 0.01, 9 defective cases out of 18 patients). Minor defect of Con A-induced suppressor activity was also found in some patients with chronic persistent hepatitis (CPH) (2 defective cases out of 14 patients). Autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction (AMLR) was significantly decreased in patients with CAH (p less than 0.005). Spontaneous suppressor or Con A-induced suppressor activity was not different statistically between HBsAg-positive and HBsAg-negative cases. Finally, we demonstrated a presence of a serum factor(s) that can decrease Con A-induced suppressor cell function of healthy subjects in 7 of 21 patients with CAH and 2 of 14 CPH. Our results suggest that defective suppressor cell function likely attributable to serum factor(s) may reflect altered immune responses of CAH. PMID- 6214046 TI - Identity of ultrastructural effects of mercuric chloride and methyl mercury after intracerebral injection. AB - In man the clinical patterns of inorganic and organic mercury toxicity are different. Inorganic mercuric chloride mainly affects the renal and gastrointestinal systems. The characteristic neurological feature is a fine tremor, particularly of the hands and fingers. In contrast organic methyl mercury toxicity results in an exclusively neurological disorder, the characteristic features being ataxia, dysarthria, paresthesia and tunnel vision. To study the action of these classes of mercury compounds on neurones small amounts of mercuric chloride or methyl mercuric acetate were injected or iontophoresed into the rat cerebrum. The ultrastructural changes which followed were identical. Progressive and often pronounced cytoplasmic swelling of neurones suggested a defect at the cell membrane level. Thus is spite of their distinctive clinical syndromes these 2 classes of mercury compounds are capable of inducing neuronal necrosis. PMID- 6214047 TI - Developed resistance to mercuric chloride nephrotoxicity: failure to protect against other nephrotoxicants. AB - Daily, oral treatment of rats for 14 days with 5 mg/kg of mercuric chloride (HgCl2) caused hypertrophy of the kidney, but no change in percent tissue water, or serum urea nitrogen (BUN) or creatinine concentrations. Upon histological examination, hypercellularity and increased basophilia of the outer medulla were observed. A single, subcutaneous injection of 20 mg/kg of potassium chromate (K2CrO4) increased kidney size and water content, as well as BUN and serum creatinine concentrations, and produced coagulative necrosis of the proximal convoluted tubules. Intraperitoneal injection of 125 mg/kg of hexachloro-1,3 butadiene (HCBD) increased kidney weight, percent water, BUN and serum creatinine, and produced necrosis of the proximal straight tubules in approximately half of the animals. 1 g/kg biphenyl, orally, produced only diffuse tubular swelling. Rats treated with 20 mg/kg K2CrO4, 125 mg/kg HCBD or 1 g/kg biphenyl following 14 days of treatment with 5 mg/kg HgCl2 generally displayed the symptoms of both types of treatment, and the severity of the K2CrO4, HCBD and biphenyl effects were substantially the same as in those without HgCl2 pretreatment. Developed resistance to HgCl2 nephrotoxicity, therefore, appears to have little effect on response of the kidney to other nephrotoxicants. PMID- 6214048 TI - Disodium tetrachloropalladate (Na2PdCl4), an inhibitor of rat liver mitochondrial electron transport. AB - The effects of Na2PdCl4 were studied on isolated rat liver mitochondrial electron transport and oxidative phosphorylation in vitro. Significant reductions in ADP stimulated respiration were observed with increasing Na2PdCl4 concentrations with both succinate and NADH-linked substrate oxidations. Concentration necessary for half-maximal inhibition of oxygen uptake (EC50) for an NADH-linked substrate system was 18 muM while with succinate as substrate the EC50 was 15 muM. At 64 muM both systems were inhibited maximally at 60 and 80%, respectively. At concentrations of Na2PdCl4 sufficient to inhibit acceptor-stimulated oxygen uptake, there was a concomitant decrease in the rate of ADP phosphorylation as measured by proton absorption. Uncoupling agents had no effect on Na2PdCl4 inhibited mitochondria. Mg-ATPase activity and phosphate acceptor limited (State 4) respiratory activity were not stimulated by any Na2PdCl4 concentration used in these investigations. Data from these experiments indicate that Na2PdCl4 inhibits the mitochondrial respiratory chain in vitro. PMID- 6214049 TI - Testicular damage and change in serum LDH isozyme pattern induced by multiple sub lethal doses of apholate in albino rats. AB - Treatment with apholate caused degenerative changes in the testes of albino rats. No histological changes were observed in Leydig cells. LDH-X activity was present in the serum of treated rats and absent in controls. Electrophoresis indicates that the activity band present in serum was similar to the activity band found in testes. A colorimetric method for assaying LDH-X activity is reported. PMID- 6214051 TI - [Psychiatric care in Prussia 1880-1910]. PMID- 6214050 TI - [Caries of the frontal teeth in schoolchildren]. PMID- 6214052 TI - Typologies of the theory of behaviorism since Descartes. PMID- 6214053 TI - [Mortality of Jewish and non-Jewish infants]. PMID- 6214054 TI - [Marginal notes on Danielle Jacquart's Wickersheimer Supplement]. PMID- 6214055 TI - [A heretofore unnoticed declaration by Schonlein]. PMID- 6214056 TI - Diminished reactivity to alloantigen following transplantation of cultured thymic fragments. AB - Transplantation of allogeneic thymus into thymic deficient individuals will restore T-cell function including ability to demonstrate alloreactivity. In allogeneically reconstituted athymic (nude) mice, alloreactivity as manifested by positive mixed leukocyte reactivity, cell mediated lympholysis and skin graft rejection is present for all alloantigens, save those of the thymus donor. Such reconstituted animals possess double tolerance, for self and for donor. Cultured thymic fragments have been used to correct the immunodeficiency of thymic deficient humans. In a patient with severe combined immunodeficiency who acquired T-killer activity after allogeneic cultured thymic fragment transplant, mixed leukocyte response to the thymus donor was nearly absent. Patients with cancer of the lung, although not profoundly T deficient, received cultured thymic fragments in a project designed to enhance their immunity. Diminished alloreactivity for donor cells was seen in 2 of 3 such patients. PMID- 6214059 TI - Possible mechanism of the beneficial effect of pretransplant blood transfusions on renal allograft survival in man. PMID- 6214058 TI - Fresh versus stored blood in donor specific transfusion. AB - Haploidentical, MLC responsive recipients were randomized to receive either fresh (less than 48 hours old) or stored donor specific transfusions (DST). In the stored DST group, one donor unit obtained with CPD-Adenine anticoagulant was split into three aliquots and administered as packed cells after 1, 3, and 5 weeks of storage. While 3/6 fresh DST recipients became sensitized to their donors, 0/12 receiving stored DSTs developed positive donor crossmatches. Eleven patients (three fresh, eight stored) have been transplanted and have had similar posttransplant courses. None of the stored DST recipients has rejected his transplant. Four recipients of stored DSTs are awaiting transplantation. Leukocyte enumeration and FACS analysis of aliquots of stored blood shown that cells bearing HLA-ABC antigens disappear with time while B cells and monocytes persist. Taken in concert, the observations suggest that favorable recipient conditioning for transplantation can take place without sensitization to HLA antigens by simply storing the blood prior to transfusion. PMID- 6214057 TI - Multifactorial analysis of factors influencing graft survival in recipients of living related renal allografts. PMID- 6214061 TI - Influence of blood transfusions on immune responsiveness. PMID- 6214060 TI - Characterization of transfusion-induced suppressor cells in prospective kidney allograft recipients. PMID- 6214062 TI - Effects of blood transfusion on immune responses and their relationship to renal allograft survival. PMID- 6214063 TI - Reduced immunologic responsiveness in multitransfused anemic nonuremic patients. PMID- 6214064 TI - Effect of pretransplant donor-specific transfusions in renal transplantation. PMID- 6214065 TI - Effect of matching for DR antigens and pretransplant blood transfusions on kidney graft survival in rhesus monkeys. PMID- 6214066 TI - Angiosarcoma following renal transplantation. PMID- 6214067 TI - Acid maltase deficiency in adolescence: report of an unusual case. PMID- 6214068 TI - [Treatment of complete rectal prolapse. Abdominal suspension by Orr's method and paranal correction by Delorme's method]. PMID- 6214069 TI - [Comparative double blind study of topical clindamycine phosphate, oral tetracycline chlorhydrate and a placebo in the treatment of moderate to severe acne vulgaris]. PMID- 6214070 TI - The peakometer: an evaluation. PMID- 6214071 TI - Spontaneous rupture of the kidney in a patient with acute autoimmune disease. AB - A percutaneous renal biopsy was performed on a 50-year-old female with rapidly progressive renal failure. The histologic specimen was characteristic of an immune complex disease, most likely systemic lupus erythematosus. Serologic tests were negative. 8 days after the biopsy, there was a spontaneous rupture of the kidney which necessitated nephrectomy. As no connection was found between the biopsy site and the rupture, it was concluded that the rupture was spontaneous in a patient with an immune complex disease. PMID- 6214072 TI - Extraperitoneal midline approach to retroperitoneum in children. PMID- 6214073 TI - Recommended technique for repair of incisional flank hernia. PMID- 6214074 TI - [Echocardiographic characteristics of the hypertensive heart]. PMID- 6214075 TI - [Xanthoadipose nodules in the sacroiliac region and their clinical importance. Lumbar and sciatic pain]. PMID- 6214077 TI - [Complex examination of the breasts in occupational groups]. PMID- 6214076 TI - [Testosterone regulation of hexokinase and phosphofructokinase activity in androgen-sensitive tissues]. AB - Possible regulatory effect of testosterone on hexokinase and phosphofructokinase activities was studied in rats seminal vesicles and prostatic gland. cAMP, but not cGMP, was shown to stimulate the testosterone induction of these enzymes in androgen-sensitive tissues. Cooperative increase in efficiency, observed after simultaneous administration of testosterone and inhibitors of phosphodiesterase, suggested the possible mechanism of cyclonucleotide-mediated regulation of enzymes by androgens. Regulation of the glycolysis kev enzymes appears to be carried out via two mechanisms; binding with androgen receptors of cytosol and an increase of intracellular cAMP concentration apparently by means of phosphodiesterase inhibition. PMID- 6214078 TI - [Role of nutrition in changes in energy metabolism in stress]. PMID- 6214079 TI - [Medical services for the disabled and veterans of war]. PMID- 6214080 TI - [Effectiveness of the combined treatment of bronchiectatic disease using health resort factors]. PMID- 6214081 TI - [Effectiveness of primary and secondary prevention of rheumatism]. PMID- 6214082 TI - [New facts and trends on research on the pathogenesis of immune glomerulonephritis]. PMID- 6214083 TI - [Relation between the amplitude of the electrical activity of cervical, thoracic and abdominal muscle groups and various spirographic indices in healthy subjects over 60 years of age]. PMID- 6214084 TI - Laparoscopic evaluation of hepatic and peritoneal disease. PMID- 6214085 TI - Carotid-cavernous fistulae and their current therapy. PMID- 6214086 TI - [Liver findings during gynecological laparoscopies]. PMID- 6214087 TI - [Adnexal inflammatory diseases--from the viewpoint of gynecologic ambulatory care]. PMID- 6214089 TI - [Regional cooperation and the role of European countries on the international cooperation for the prevention and rehabilitation of disabilities and handicaps- from the viewpoint of socialistic countries]. PMID- 6214088 TI - [Rehabilitation of persons injured in accidents with special reference to construction workers]. PMID- 6214090 TI - [Review of WHO activities in the prevention and rehabilitation of handicaps]. PMID- 6214091 TI - [Analysis of the needs of the population of the Poznan region in the area of rehabilitation]. PMID- 6214092 TI - [Vocational rehabilitation and its further development]. PMID- 6214093 TI - [Topical treatment of acne vulgaris with erythromycin and benzoylperoxide (author's transl)]. AB - 16 healthy persons were treated for 7 weeks with a 1% erythromycin containing ointment. Another 25 persons (among them 10 acne patients) were treated during the same period of time with a combination therapy consisting of erythromycin (1% in an unspecific ointment base) and benzoylperoxide (5% in a gel base). The combined therapy reduces the micrococcaceae in the pilosebaceous ducts significantly. On the other side the therapy consisting only of erythromycin causes only initially a decrease and then an increase in the number of micrococcaceae. Induction of resistance to erythromycin is in both cases considerable. In both cases a reduction of propionibacteria which are most important for the pathogenesis of acne must be assumed. Because of the probable pathogenetic role of staphylococci in acne vulgaris an additional improvement of the therapeutical results can be expected in the case of combination therapy. In vitro experiments demonstrate further that an erythromycin treatment leads to considerable resistance induction in S. aureus, regardless of whether it is applied alone or in combination with benzoyl peroxide. PMID- 6214094 TI - [The incidence of contact allergens at the Department of Dermatology of the University of Cologne (1970-1971 and 1976-1979) (author's transl)]. PMID- 6214095 TI - Fluorescence energy transfer between ATPase monomers in sarcoplasmic reticulum reconstituted vesicles, in the presence of low concentrations of a nonionic detergent. AB - We measured fluorescence energy transfer between ATPase monomers labeled with either a donor or an acceptor fluorophore, in order to test the hypothesis that the presumably oligomeric sarcoplasmic reticulum ATPase would dissociate into monomers within the membrane on the addition of low nonsolubilizing amounts of a nonionic detergent, C12E18. We found that at low nonsolubilizing detergent concentrations below the critical micellar concentration (c.m.c.), there was indeed direct interaction between the detergent and the protein; however, only solubilizing detergent concentrations reduced fluorescence transfer to a minimum. Considering the current literature, fluorescence energy transfer proved insufficient, at the present time, to confirm or reject the hypothesis. PMID- 6214096 TI - Functional significance of quaternary organization of the sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase. AB - There is both structural and functional evidence for protein-protein interaction between Ca2+-ATPase polypeptide chains in the sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane. Studies on detergent solubilized ATPase indicate that the monomeric form is capable of performing a normal cycle of ATP hydrolysis, but some of the modulatory effects of the substrates disappear after detergent solubilization. However, the necessity of protein-protein interactions for the Ca2+ transport function remains unclarified. A new approach is described, employing ATPase reconstituted with a large excess of phospholipid, which may help to resolve this question. PMID- 6214097 TI - Equilibrium constants for some steps of the reaction cycle of the sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium pump. AB - This paper summarizes true equilibrium measurements for some partial reactions of the sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium pump transport cycle. The most important result is the estimation of the equilibrium constant for the interconversion of the two major conformational states of the protein, E (Ca2+ binding sites facing the cytoplasm) and E' (Ca2+ binding sides facing the sarcoplasmic reticulum lumen). The value of K0 = [E']/[E] cannot be evaluated directly by any method available at present, but observed cooperativity in the binding of Mg2+ and Ca2+ to unliganded protein strongly indicates that K0 much greater than 1. The most probable value, valid within an order of magnitude, is K0 congruent to 10(3), i.e., the E' state is more stable than the E state by about 4 kcal/mol. PMID- 6214098 TI - Phosphorylation of Ca2+-ATPase by inorganic phosphate in water-organic solvent media: dielectric constant and solvent hydrophobicity contribution. AB - The effect of organic solvents on the phosphorylation of the Ca2+-dependent ATPase of sarcoplasmic reticulum by inorganic phosphate in the absence of a calcium gradient was investigated. Kinetic analysis of the reaction in water and water-organic solvent media according to a bireactant scheme shows no correlation between changes in kinetic parameters and the dielectric constant of the mixed solvents. The pronounced increase in equilibrium levels of phosphoenzyme in water solvent mixtures is attributed to changes in the water activity of the medium. PMID- 6214099 TI - ATPases of the cat carotid body and of the neighbouring ganglia. AB - The average ATPase activity in homogenates of the cat carotid body is found to be 20 nmol Pi liberated per minute per mg fresh tissue weight at 25 degrees C. ATPase activity in the nodose ganglion and the superior cervical ganglion is found in the same range. Most of the activity remains in the supernatant after removal of the mitochondria by centrifugation. The activity is inhibited by ouabain only marginally (ganglia) or not at all (carotid body). In all these organs up to 80% of the activity is seen in the absence of Mg2+ and the presence of increasing concentrations of Ca2+. PMID- 6214100 TI - Isoenzyme studies on cercariae from monoinfections and adult worms of Schistosoma mansoni (10 isolates) and S. rodhaini (one isolate) by horizontal polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and staining of eight enzymes. AB - The enzyme phosphoglucose isomerase (PGI), phosphoglucomutase (PGM), hexokinase (HK), adenylate kinase (AK), fructokinase (FK), mannose-6-phosphate isomerase (MPI), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PDH) and malate dehydrogenase (MDH) were chosen to study the variation between isolates, cercariae and adults, individuals, and sexes of Schistosoma mansoni and S. rodhaini, using horizontal polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The method described allows combinations of six of the eight enzymes to be scored in the homogenate from one adult worm. In adult S. mansoni one phenotype of the eight enzymes was observed in all isolates. In addition, the enzyme PGI showed polymorphism in the isolates from Tala, Kenya and Uganda. PGM in the isolates from Tala, Kenya and South Africa showed polymorphism. The cercarial phenotype differs from the adult phenotype in G-6 PDH, where the cercarial enzyme mobility is slower than that in the adult worm. The low amount of intrastrain variation observed in this species is explained by the limited amount of material used to establish the laboratory stocks, whereas the genetic similarity between geographically widely separated stocks does suggest that only limited geographical variation is likely to occur in S. mansoni. It is suggested that the gene controlling the PGI polymorphism is located on the sex chromosomes of S. mansoni. Mobility differences were observed between S. mansoni and S. rodhaini in the enzyme PGI and PGM, and these characteristics might be useful for a quick identification of schistosome cercariae emerging from Biomphalaria sp. in Africa.U PMID- 6214101 TI - Demonstration of antibodies to phosphoglucomutase of parasitic origin in Brugia pahangi-infected cats. AB - Antibodies inhibitory to the activity of the enzyme phosphoglucomutase (PGM) EC 2.7.5.1. of Brugia pahangi adult worm were demonstrated in sera from five rabbits immunized against this filarioid and from 5 of 27 cats infected with B. pahangi, by isoelectricfocusing and spectrophotometric techniques. This anti-PGM activity was species- and stage-specific. This raises the possibility of using species specific isoenzymes of parasitic origin as antigens in serological tests. PMID- 6214102 TI - [Age-related changes of the cardiovascular system. From the viewpoint of pathologic anatomy (I)]. PMID- 6214103 TI - [Papillon-Lefevre syndrome]. PMID- 6214104 TI - [Effectiveness of photochemotherapy in psoriatic erythroderma]. PMID- 6214105 TI - [Con A induceable suppressor cell activity in rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 6214106 TI - [Nonutilization of the remaining work capacity]. PMID- 6214107 TI - [Oral findings in phenylketonuria with early and late dietetic therapy (author's transl)]. PMID- 6214108 TI - [The cephalometric reproducibility of the De-Coster-line compared with that of the occipital reference base of Frankel (author's transl)]. PMID- 6214109 TI - [The role of the symptoms of overjet and overbite with regard to periodontopathy and arthropathy (author's transl)]. PMID- 6214110 TI - [Technical aids in designing work areas for the handicapped]. PMID- 6214111 TI - [Prophylaxis measures by the pedodontist. 2]. PMID- 6214112 TI - [Prophylaxis measures by the pedodontist. 3]. PMID- 6214113 TI - [Prophylaxis measures by the pedodontist. 4]. PMID- 6214114 TI - [Pouring without metal rings using the Equi-Spansion method]. PMID- 6214116 TI - [Why don't patients follow their dentists instructions?]. PMID- 6214117 TI - [Gnathology. 1]. PMID- 6214115 TI - [Periodontal massage splint]. PMID- 6214118 TI - [Diagnosis of anomalies]. PMID- 6214119 TI - [Porcelain blends on precious and non-precious metals. New consideration of a non precious one-piece pour technic]. PMID- 6214120 TI - [Gnathology. 2]. PMID- 6214121 TI - [Pourings without metal ring using the Equi-Spansion method]. PMID- 6214122 TI - [Ostrich face and efforts toward complete dental prosthetic care]. PMID- 6214123 TI - [Sectioned model technique]. PMID- 6214124 TI - [Gnathology. 3]. PMID- 6214125 TI - Morphological and histochemical type differentiation of the primary and secondary foetal muscle fibres in neonatal piglets. PMID- 6214126 TI - [Immune complex diseases in man and animal]. PMID- 6214127 TI - [Experience in the comparative evaluation of the population sensitivity of mammals to the plague microbe based on the results of an epizootiological survey]. AB - An essentially new method for the evaluation of the population susceptibility of mammals to Pasteurella pestis without the experimental infection of the animals is proposed. This method consists in using the conjugate result of the mass bacteriological and serological survey of plague carriers (the ratio of the number of infected animals to that of the animals having had the disease). The susceptibility of 12 rodent and Martes species has been studied with the use of this criterion on the basis of the data obtained in the epizootological survey of the plague foci in the vicinity of the Aral Sea in 1950-1979. Among all studied animals, even those belonging to the species universally known as highly susceptible, a considerable prevalence of the animals having had the disease over the infected animals has been established. PMID- 6214128 TI - [Detection and characteristics of foci of arbovirus infection in the Kazakh region]. AB - Complex studies carried out on the territory of Kazakhstan have allowed one to detect arboviruses, heretofore unknown in the republic, to determine their role in human infectious pathology and to obtain additional data on the ecology of viruses causing tick-borne encephalitis and Crimean hemorrhagic fever under the conditions of different geographical zones in the republic. On the basis of the results thus obtained the map indicating the spread of arbovirus infections and their causative agents on the territory of the Kazakh SSR has been drawn. This map may serve as a practical aid in organizing antiepidemic measures. PMID- 6214129 TI - [Ecological tolerance of Salmonellae isolated from the water of surface reservoirs]. AB - On the basis of the study of different physico-chemical and sanitary parameters in the open water basins of the Volga delta and the comparison of these parameters with the changes in the size of Salmonella populations the confines of the ecological tolerance of this species have been shown. PMID- 6214130 TI - [Dynamics of typhoid-paratyphoid infection morbidity in Chimkent Province]. AB - The study of the time course of typhoid-paratyphoid infections in the Chimkent region for the period of 1944-1979 has revealed the periodicity of their rises (falls) repeating every 2-4 years. Since 1964 the tendency towards the decrease of morbidity has been observed. The annual rate of this decrease is 4.9%. Periodic changes in the annual level of typhoid-paratyphoid infections do not depend on the temperature of the air and the seasonal number of winged flies. There is a pronounced direct correlation between the annual morbidity level and the frequency of summer precipitations, this correlation being more pronounced during the first 2 summer months. PMID- 6214131 TI - [Antiepileptic effects of complex therapy with vitamins and anticonvulsant preparations (experimental findings)]. PMID- 6214132 TI - [Recently registered drugs]. PMID- 6214133 TI - Effect of metoclopramide induced hyperprolactinaemia on the gonadotrophic response to oestradiol and LRH. PMID- 6214134 TI - The effect of cyproterone acetate on pituitary-ovarian function and clinical symptoms in hirsute women. AB - Ten hirsute women in fertile age were given 50 mg cyproterone acetate (CA) on day 5--14 and 50 micrograms ethinyl oestradiol (EE2) on day 5--21 except during the first treatment cycle when EE2 was given on day 15--21. The treatment lasted for 12 months. Clinical examination and hormone analysis were undertaken every third month. LRH tests were performed prior to treatment with CA in late follicular phase and after one week of administration of the drug. Subjective improvement of hypertrichosis was reported in 7 women, objectively a significant decrease in hair scores was observed. Short-term effects of CA alone included significantly decreased serum levels of oestrogens while FSH, LH, 4-androstene-3,17-dione and testosterone remained unaffected. Long-term administration of CA and EE2 resulted in significantly decreased serum levels of FSH, LH and oestrogens whereas 4 androstene-3,17-dione and testosterone were not affected. The gonadotrophin response to LRH did not reveal any significant difference before and after treatment. 4-Androstene-3,17-dione and testosterone did not change during the LRH tests but increased levels of oestrogens were observed at the end of the test during the CA treatment. Since CA alone causes decreased oestrogen levels without any suppression of the basal gonadorrohin levels, it is speculated that CA directly affects the ovarian steroid biosynthesis. On the other hand the adrenal androgens seem to be unaffected by the drug. PMID- 6214135 TI - The aging Leydig cell: VI. Response of testosterone precursors to gonadotrophin in men. AB - The effects of a single im injection of human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) on circulating testosterone precursor levels at 0, 1-6, 24, 48 and 72 h were examined in normal young adult (mean age 34 years) and normal aged men (mean age 74 years) Basal 08.30- 09.00 h concentrations of androstenedione and dehydroepiandrosterone were lower in aged men while progesterone levels were not significantly different from young men. A significant biphasic increase of circulating progesterone was observed in young men, characterized by an early peak at 2 h (33% above basal) and a secondary peak at 24 h (49% above basal). In old men there were no increases in circulating progesterone levels following hCG treatment during the early (1-6 h) or late (24-72 h) periods. There were not discernable increases in circulating dehydroepiandrosterone levels following hCG administration in both groups of men. Androstenedione levels in young men. Androstenedione levels in young men did not change during the first 6 h following hCG but increased significantly at 48 and 72 h, while in old men there was a small peak at 4 h (which was not statistically significant) and a secondary significant rise at 48 and 72 h. However, early and late stimulated absolute levels for androstenedione were lower in the aged population. Thus, there are differences in precursor concentrations in the basal state and in response to hCG in aged men. PMID- 6214136 TI - Specific interaction of radioactive anti-androgen TSAA-291 with androgen receptor in rat prostates. AB - A steroidal anti-androgen ISSA-291 (16 beta-ethyl-17 beta-hydroxy-4-oestren-3 one) bound to a macromolecular component in the cytosol of rat ventral prostates with high affinity (kd = 5.0 X 10-9 M) and in a saturable manner. The number of binding sites was comparable to that for 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone (5 alpha DHT). [3H]TSAA-291 binding was effectively displaced by unlabelled 5-alpha-DHT, 19-nortestosterone and cyproterone acetate but to a lesser degree by corticosterone. Glycerol density-gradient centrifugation analysis revealed that the sedimentation coefficient of the [3H]-TSAA-291-macromolecule complex was 3 4.5 S. However, when the unlabelled cytosol was fractionated by glycerol density gradient centrifugation before the binding of [3H]TSAA-291 was examined, specific binding of [3H]TSAA-291 was observed in fractions corresponding to 8-10 S. Binding of the [3H]TSAA-291-macromolecules complex to prostatic nuclei and DNA cellulose was considerably less than binding by the [3H]5 alpha-DHT-macromolecule complex. Instability of the TSAA-291 binding component on heat treatment before and after complex formation was also revealed and the results are discussed in terms of the anti-androgenic activity of TSAA-291. PMID- 6214137 TI - Inhalation anaesthetics. PMID- 6214138 TI - Scanning electron microscopic and histochemical studies of foliate papillae in the rabbit, rat and mouse. AB - The foliate papillae of the rabbit, rat and mouse were studied by scanning electron microscopy and histochemistry. The papillae consisted of folds and grooves located on the posterolateral margin of the tongue in front of the circumvallate papillae. The numbers of folds and taste buds varied among the three animals species. Scanning electron microscopy showed that in longitudinal sections the taste buds were oval in shape and their pores were surrounded by microvilli. The reaction product of alkaline phosphatase could only be demonstrated in the superficial epithelium of the rabbit as well as in the mouse foliate papillae, but it also diffused into the taste buds in the rat. The intensity and distribution of the reactions of adenosine triphosphatase, acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase were identical to those reported by other investigators in spite of differences in animal species and histochemical techniques employed. PMID- 6214139 TI - Polyacrylamide microbeads with entrapped protein A from S. aureus for cell separation. AB - A technique was developed for the identification and separation of cells according to their surface antigenic markers, based on immobilization of protein A by entrapment in polyacrylamide microbeads. This method is further development of the previous techniques with SpA-containing S. aureus bacteria, but has the advantage of having less unspecific binding to the cells. We show that this technique might be a useful tool for the separation of cells, exemplified by separation of cells on Petri dishes coated with a monolayer of SpA-microbeads. The viability of separated cells was unaffected and adherent cells were easily removed by trypsin. PMID- 6214140 TI - T lymphocyte subpopulations defined by monoclonal antibodies and FC receptor binding in relation to immunosuppression in vaccine-induced rubella infection. AB - Lymphocyte stimulation tests and determination of T lymphocyte subpopulations were undertaken before and 7-11 days after rubella vaccination of healthy subjects. The proliferatory response of blood mononuclear cells to phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and purified protein derivate was suppressed after vaccination, as was the immunoglobulin production of pokeweed mitogen (PWM) stimulated cultures. After removal of phagocytic cells the response to PHA was still suppressed after vaccination in most cases, but when the cultures were depleted of non-T lymphocytes the suppression was no longer demonstrable. The proportion of T lymphocytes with receptors for the Fc part of IgG increased after vaccination, whereas there was no significant change of the T lymphocyte subpopulations identified with monoclonal antibodies directed at the suppressor/cytotoxic or helper T cell subsets. PMID- 6214141 TI - [Some cardiovascular effects of cyclovirobuxine-D (author's transl)]. PMID- 6214142 TI - [Effects of denudatine on experimental arrhythmia and heart function (author's transl)]. PMID- 6214143 TI - [Scanning and transmission electron microscopy of dissociated normal and cardiomyopathic hamster heart cells (author's transl)]. PMID- 6214145 TI - [Effect of oxalysine on plasma fibrinogen content in tumor-bearing mice (author's transl)]. PMID- 6214144 TI - [Bleomycin A derivative, 99mTc-BLAIDA: synthesis and distribution in tumor bearing mice (author's transl)]. PMID- 6214146 TI - [Metabolism of [9, 11-3H]estradiol-3-benzoate in rats (author's transl)]. PMID- 6214148 TI - [The in vivo disposition of diethyllipoamide (author's transl)]. PMID- 6214147 TI - [Effect of praziquantel on ATP uptake and metabolism of Schistosoma japonicum (author's transl)]. PMID- 6214149 TI - [Effect in vitro of artemisinine and its derivatives on Plasmodium falciparum (author's transl)]. PMID- 6214150 TI - [K, Na, Ca and Mg contents in the diet of Nanjing workers (author's transl)]. PMID- 6214151 TI - [Effect of tetrahydroberberine on blockade of pre- and postsynaptic dopamine receptors (author's transl)]. PMID- 6214152 TI - [Effects of anisodine on EEG and behavior of cats (author's transl)]. PMID- 6214153 TI - [Physical dependence of dihydroetorphine in mice and monkeys (author's transl)]. PMID- 6214154 TI - [Pharmacological properties of cholinergic receptor and further evidences of direct action of soman on earthworm dorsal muscle (author's transl)]. PMID- 6214155 TI - [Effect of postsynaptic neurotoxin XIV from Bungarus fasciatus venom on neuromuscular junction (author's transl)]. PMID- 6214156 TI - [Influence of tetrandrine on positive inotropic action of isoproterenol and CaCl2 and on excitation-contraction coupling in isolated cat papillary muscles (author's transl)]. PMID- 6214157 TI - The effect of zearalenone on growth rate, organ weight and muscle fibre composition in growing rats. AB - The effect of prolonged zearalenone administered to growing rats on body and organ weight as well as on muscle fibre composition has been studied. Two muscles, M. longissimus dorsi and M. vastus lateralis, were selected for fibre analyses, and the different fibre types were identified by histochemical staining. Zearalenone caused retarded growth and reduced carcass weight in both sexes. With low daily doses female growth was retarded more than male growth, with higher doses the effect was the opposite. The most evident effects of zearalenone treatment on organ weight were enlargement of the liver in both sexes and of adrenal glands and the spleen in males. No effects were found on heart, kidney, testes or uterus. No significant changes of fibre number or diameter occurred in male rats after prolonged zearalenone feeding. In female rats, however, there was a 40% decrease in the number of alpha R fibres in vastus and a corresponding increase of alpha W fibres. Simultaneously the alpha R fibre size increased with 25%. No significant changes could be found in the activity of two enzymes in vastus, cytochrome oxidase and lactate dehydrogenase, as a consequence of the zearalenone treatment. PMID- 6214158 TI - Effect of streptozotocin-diabetes on thymus of normal and adrenalectomized rats. AB - The injection of streptozotocin in intact or adrenalectomized rats produced a decrease in the number of thymus lymphoid cells. Bovine serum albumin gradient analyses of thymocytes from control, adrenalectomized, adrenalectomized-diabetic and diabetic animals showed variations in the mature/immature cell ratio. No remarkable changes in the distribution of the different thymocyte subpopulations were observed. PMID- 6214159 TI - Diagnosis of deep vein thrombosis with 99Tcm-plasmin. AB - The diagnostic efficiency of 99Tcm-plasmin test was evaluated by X-ray contrast phlebography in 110 consecutive patients with suspected deep vein thrombosis (DVT). The test was positive in 50 of 55 patients with DVT (sensitivity 91%) and negative in 18 of 55 without DVT (specificity 33%). The positive plasmin test in patients without DVT was in most cases due to another inflammatory process or a post-thrombotic state. The 99Tcm-plasmin test is a rapid and sensitive screening method for th diagnosis of DVT, but as it is based on comparison between the legs, it may be unreliable in cases of bilateral thrombosis. The low specificity makes it less valuable in patients with concomitant inflammatory disease or previous thrombosis in either leg. When the plasmin test is positive, the diagnosis of DVT should in most cases be confirmed by X-ray contrast phlebography. PMID- 6214160 TI - Mechanisms of solute transport in selected eukaryotic micro-organisms. PMID- 6214161 TI - Yeast cell-wall glucans. PMID- 6214162 TI - Transport of antibiotics into bacteria. PMID- 6214163 TI - Regulation of immunity to the azobenzenearsonate hapten. PMID- 6214165 TI - [Action of retinoids on the skin and their use in dermatology]. PMID- 6214164 TI - Effects of multivitamin treatment on the activity of rat liver tryptophan pyrrolase during ethanol administration. PMID- 6214166 TI - Tomography for evaluation of sacroiliitis. AB - The radiographs and charts of 18 patients were reviewed to determine if sacroiliac joint tomography clarified the equivocal or clinically inconsistent findings of other imaging procedures. In six of eight patients with proven sacroiliitis, tomography detected joint erosions or sclerosis that were not detected on routine pelvis radiographs. In the other 10 patients, tomography excluded sacroiliitis which had been initially suggested by plain radiographs (four patients), quantitative sacroiliac scintigraphy (three patients), or clinical findings (three patients). The estimated average skin radiation exposure was 1.27 R (0.33 mC/kg) per tomographic section. The authors conclude that tomography improves delineation of sacroiliac joint abnormalities, but its use should be restricted to problem cases because of the high radiation exposure. PMID- 6214167 TI - Percutaneous recanalization of common iliac artery occlusions: an unacceptable complication rate? PMID- 6214168 TI - Two different calibrated-leak balloons: experimental work and application in humans. AB - Two different types of latex calibrated-leak balloon catheters have been developed. One consists of a Teflon catheter with a detachable latex balloon and is used to embolize branches of the external carotid artery. The other consists of a Silastic catheter with a nondetachable latex balloon and is used to embolize brain arteriovenous malformations. An experimental model and animal experiments have determined the best conditions for safe and reproducible embolization with isobutyl-2 cyanoacrylate (IBC-2). Selective catheterization of branches of external carotid, middle cerebral, anterior cerebral, and posterior cerebral arteries in humans is facilitated, and embolization with IBC-2 has been achieved with these balloon catheters. PMID- 6214169 TI - [Robert Koch--also a pioneer in immunological research? (author's transl)]. AB - On March 24, 1982 we will celebrate the 100th anniversary-day of discovery of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The article deals with the great merits of Robert Koch as physician and investigator and above all with his importance for the beginning of the immunologic research. Thereby three themes are especially discussed: 1. The beginnings of active and passive immunization processes, 2. Koch's Old tuberculin and the first steps in immunodiagnosis and -therapy, 3. the role of phagocytes in protection against mycobacteric infection. Though not all the scientific investigations of Robert Koch were so successful as his studies on colouring, determination and cultivation of several infectious bacteria, there is no doubt, that his experimental works provided one of the fundaments on which modern immunology is built. PMID- 6214170 TI - Report of an IUIS/WHO working group. Use and abuse laboratory tests in clinical immunology: critical considerations of eight widely-used diagnostic procedures. 18.-20. May 1981 in Geneva. PMID- 6214171 TI - [Tuberculosis and allergy. Steps of knowledge from the discovery of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by Robert Koch (24th of March, 1882) to a comprehensive immunodiagnostic, -therapy, and -prophylaxis (author's transl)]. AB - After description of the historical event of the discovery of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by Robert Koch and its nature and effects, three further steps of knowledge in the direction of modern immunology are formulated: creation of allergy conception, discovery of the B and T lymphocyte system and its application by transplantation- and tumourimmunology. A fifth step of knowledge is proposed especially for prophylaxis of immune diseases: Improvement of immunodiagnostic in connection with the development f an efficacious immunotherapy of cancer including investigations about Immunology of aging and especially the new research results of space immunology. PMID- 6214172 TI - [Immune pathogenesis models of arteriosclerosis (author's transl)]. AB - Immune pathogenesis models of arteriosclerosis can be divided in 2 groups: autoaggression and allergy models. Particular relevance is admitted to the effect of immune complexes as these can release a large part of the basic mechanisms of arteriosclerosis. Whether and in which extent immune mechanisms approach a causal role to the human arteriosclerosis in fact still isn't, decided absolutely. Possible immunologic causes must be seen always in connection with already assured pathogenesis models and risk factors of arteriosclerosis. In proved immune mechanisms it must be clarified whether they are result, amplifying factor or cause of the arteriosclerosis. It could be made very probably that immune reactions could be a sequence or amplifying factor of arteriosclerosis. Whether they play also a causal role in the spontaneous arteriosclerosis requires further investigations. PMID- 6214173 TI - [The inhibition of the electrophoretic-mobility-test: an in vitro assay for the estimation of activities in anti-lymphokine and anti-lymphocyte sera (author's transl)]. AB - Human purified lymphocytes from peripheral blood were stimulated by Con A and the concentrated supernatants were used to induce antibodies in rabbits. These anti lymphokine immune sera were able to inhibit the electrophoretic-mobility-test (EMT) which was performed using supernatants of lymphocytes stimulated by Con A and tanned sheep red blood cells as indicator particles. Since the inhibition is strongly dose dependent the test system appears to demonstrate and compare anti lymphokine activities in different sera. When anti-human lymphocyte globulin (Dessau, DDR) was tested in the same test system these sera had the capacity to inhibit the EMT completely. PMID- 6214174 TI - Some factors of local immunity in respiratory diseases. AB - The authors examined immunoglobulins, the total LDH activity and its isoenzymes in nasopharyngeal secretion in 6-36 month old patients suffering from acute or recurrent respiratory diseases. They investigated 232 children. The mean values of IgA were 83.7 +/- 57.2 mg/100 ml and they were found in 49.7% of the examined patients. The mean IgA values were statistically significantly higher in 13-24 month than in 6-12 month old patients. The mean values of IgG were 51.3 +/- 43,8 mg/100 ml and no statistical significancies were found among the individual age groups. The mean values of total LDH activity were 7,640.8 +/- 5,681.7 U/1 and isoenzyme pattern was characterized especially by high percentages of LDH4 and LDH5 fractions. The highest values were found in purulent secretions. These results support the opinion that LDH and its isoenzymes are products of the mucous membranes. PMID- 6214175 TI - [Phagocytosis measurement in Hodgkin's disease and Non-Hodgkin lymphoma-patients with a new radiometric assay (author's transl)]. AB - A new radiometric assay for measurement of phagocytosis of opsonized Saccharomyces cerevisiae by human mononuclear cells and granulocytes is presented. This assay based upon the incorporation of 75Se-L-selenomethionine of the extracellular yeast cells after the ingestion step without a separation procedure for intracellular and extracellular microorganisms. Therefore the assay is objective, not time consuming and convenient for clinical application. After standardization of the method, in a preliminary study phagocytosis was evaluated in 44 individuals: 16 healthy controls, 13 patients with Hodgkin's disease and 15 patients with Non-Hodgkin-lymphoma before treatment. In comparison to normal controls the phagocytosis in the mononuclear cell fraction of cancer patients was increased and in granulocytes decreased. The most extensive phagocytosis activity was shown in the mononuclear cell fraction of patients with Hodgkin's disease. PMID- 6214176 TI - [Dye exclusion test and LDH release assay (author's transl)]. AB - Trypanblue exclusion test and LDH release assay were compared concerning correlation and sensitivity. Short time cultures (4 h; 37 degrees C) of human blood leucocytes were carried out in the presence of various doses of either different tissue extracts or digitonin and assayed by the described methods. Three different reaction types have been found: 1. synchronic type: In dependence on the used antigen the LDH release and the number of coloured cells both show either an analogous dose-dependent positive tendency or a negative reaction. 2. asynchronic type: In this case the trypanblue exclusion test shows negative results. In contrast an increase of LDH release is determined suggesting a permeability-increasing influence of the used substance. 3. stabilization type: In comparison with the control the release of LDH is clearly suppressed up to a definite concentration of the substance. The trypanblue exclusion test is not able to detect this cell stabilizing effect. The LDH release assay is sensitive, objective and in the case of an automatic measurement very effective. A necessary presumption for the test is the absence of LDH or enzyme activity-influencing factors in the substance itself. Reasons for the three types of reaction were discussed. It is recommended to apply this enzyme release assay to methods basing on cellular in-vitro short-time-cultures of nucleic cells (testing of pharmaca, potential antigens or allergen preparations and bio-materials). PMID- 6214177 TI - Can we prevent sudden cardiac death? PMID- 6214178 TI - Late results after operations for left ventricular outflow tract obstruction. AB - The late results were evaluated of operations for the relief of left ventricular outflow tract obstruction in young patients, 1 to 18 years old, from the National Heart Institute who were followed up for at least 5 years and from recently reported studies with an average follow-up duration of 5 or more years. The operative mortality rate for the combined series was low: 1.9 percent of 522 patients with valvular aortic stenosis, 6.0 percent of 222 patients with fixed subvalvular aortic stenosis and 5.5 percent of 18 patients with hypertrophic subaortic stenosis. From the National Heart Institute series, gradients early postoperatively were decreased to less than 50 mm Hg in 88 percent (30 of 34) of patients with valvular, in 68 percent (15 of 22) of patients with subvalvular and in 88 percent (8 of 9) of patients with hypertrophic subaortic stenosis. Late survival rates for patients in the combined series were 90 percent (472 of 522), 86 percent (190 of 222), and 82 percent (14 of 17) in the three respective groups after mean follow-up periods of 5 to 14.4 years. All late survivors in the current series have had symptomatic improvement; 95 percent (58 of 61) are asymptomatic. However, actuarial analysis in these patients predicts that 50 +/- 8 percent of those with valvular and 44 +/- 10 percent of those with subvalvular aortic stenosis after 10 years will be free from the adverse postoperative events of residual or recurrent left ventricular outflow tract obstruction, clinically significant aortic regurgitation, reoperation, endocarditis or late death. With use of the same adverse postoperative events to determine satisfactory late results from the combined series, it was found that 54 percent (281 of 522) of those operated on for valvular, 54 percent (120 of 222) of those operated on for subvalvular and 78 percent (14 of 18) of those operated on for hypertrophic subaortic stenosis had satisfactory late results 5 to 14 years after operation. Of the patients having unsatisfactory late results, major hemodynamic abnormalities were detected in 55 percent (23 of 42) within 1 year postoperatively. Thus it appears that operations for many children with left ventricular outflow tract obstruction are palliative. These patients should have early postoperative assessment and continuing long-term follow-up evaluation during childhood, adolescence and adulthood. PMID- 6214179 TI - Sequelae of atriotomy and ventriculotomy on the endocardium, conduction system and coronary arteries. AB - The endocardium was analyzed in all four chambers of 99 hearts with various types of congenital heart defects in which surgical repair was performed more than 6 weeks before death. The findings were compared with those of normal hearts in similar age groups. In some cases the endocardium was microscopically examined. This study revealed that in many cases all four chambers had fibroelastosis of the endocardium (diffuse regardless of the type of surgery done previously). These data suggest that diffuse fibroelastosis can occur as a result of surgical intervention and may be related to blocked lymphatic drainage. Sudden death in some patients long after surgery for congenital heart disease and the failure of the chambers to regress to normal size in some cases after total surgical repair may be related to fibroelastosis of the chambers. The sinoatrial node may be injured in atriotomy and in the performance of the Mustard procedure. Ventriculotomy may injure the right bundle branch. Ventriculotomy may also injure the coronary supply to the right ventricle or rarely the anterior descending coronary artery. PMID- 6214180 TI - Development and regression of increased ventricular mass. AB - This report deals with increased cardiac mass in the light of the following variables: normal ventricular growth (embryo, fetus, neonate and child), the response to work loads (hemodynamic stress) and hypoxia, the cell responses of hyperplasia (increase in cell number), hypertrophy (increase in cell size) and the type of cell (muscle or connective tissue), the age or maturity of the myocardium at the time the hemodynamic or hypoxic stress is imposed, and the biochemistry, ultrastructure and functional morphology (modeling) of the ventricles in response to volume or pressure overload. The desirable physiologic adaptations to work loads are characterized, and the transition from physiologic to pathologic states is examined, comparing and contrasting increased ventricular mass in patients and in trained athletes. Regression of increased ventricular mass is then discussed, first at the cell level (hypertrophy/hyperplasia; muscle cell/connective tissue cell), then at the organ level. The requirements for maintaining or establishing normal ventricular function after removal of overload are reviewed, together with such variables as the type and duration of preoperative hemodynamic stress, the right versus the left ventricle and the relative rates of contractile protein synthesis and degradation. PMID- 6214181 TI - Clinical problems of postoperative pulmonary vascular disease. AB - The younger the patient with a large left to right shunt at the time of operation, the greater the likelihood that pulmonary vascular resistance will fall to normal thereafter. In older patients, the degree to which the pulmonary vascular resistance is elevated before operation is a critical factor determining operability and prognosis. Patients at particularly high risk for the development of significant pulmonary vascular obstruction early in life are those with certain forms of cyanotic congenital heart disease, such as complete transposition of the great arteries with ventricular septal defect and patent ductus arteriosus, and truncus arteriosus. Other conditions in which pulmonary vascular obstruction appears to progress rapidly include large ventricular septal defect, complete atrioventricular canal defect and left to right shunt lesions in an environment of high altitude or associated with unilateral pulmonary arterial absence of the Down's syndrome. In this report the framework is reviewed for recognizing that important pre- and postnatal modifiers of the pulmonary vascular bed may be lesion-dependent. Thus, the growth and development of the pulmonary vascular bed during fetal and early postnatal life, as well as the morphologic alterations described in detail by Heath and Edwards, are likely to determine the ultimate intensity and magnitude of pulmonary vascular obstruction. Commentary is also provided concerning the management of patients with high pulmonary vascular resistance during pregnancy and delivery, their response to exercise, and the possibility of medical treatment designed to reduce pulmonary vascular resistance, and perhaps prolong life and enhance its quality. PMID- 6214182 TI - Moxalactam in the treatment of pediatric infections. AB - The clinical efficacy and safety of the new oxacephalosporin moxalactam disodium were evaluated in 54 children with a variety of pediatric infections. Except for a terminally ill neutropenic leukemic patient with pneumonia and sepsis due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa who died shortly after initiation of therapy, moxalactam treatment was effective in all patients. No recurrent infections were observed. The rate of clinical response to moxalactam appeared to be at least comparable to that of patients treated with traditional antibiotics. In vitro sensitivity testing demonstrated that all bacteria isolated except P aeruginosa were sensitive to moxalactam while Haemophilus influenzae was exquisitely sensitive. Side effects included thrombocytosis (five patients), transient SGPT elevations and eosinophilia (three each), fever with rash (one), and neutropenia (one). In one patient, superinfection with Streptococcus faecalis developed. We conclude that moxalactam may be a useful antibiotic in pediatrics, particularly for the treatment of infections due to H. influenzae and Enterobacteriaceae. Its role in infections caused by group B streptococcus and Pseudomonas awaits further studies. PMID- 6214183 TI - The role of autologous helper and suppressor T cells in the regulation of human granulopoiesis. AB - Helper and suppressor T cells play a physiological role in immunoregulation and possibly in other biological systems. Previous studies have suggested that unfractionated T cells influence human blood cell formation in vitro. Subpopulations of such cells (TM and TG cells) were prepared by immune ox erythrocyte rosetting techniques. Co-cultures were established in semi-solid agar with autologous null lymphocytes as a source of granulocyte-macrophage progenitor cells (CFU-GM). TM(helper) cells produced an increase and TG (suppressor) cells a decrease in the expression of CFU-GM as reflected in the number of GM colonies generated by comparison with cultures of null lymphocytes alone. These data point to a contribution from T lymphocyte subpopulations to the physiological regulation of human granulopoiesis. PMID- 6214184 TI - Diminished autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction in patients with Hodgkin disease: evidence for non-T cell dysfunction. AB - In the autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction (AMLR), T lymphocytes are stimulated to proliferate by autologous non-T mononuclear cells. In five untreated patients with Hodgkin disease, the AMLR was diminished. In addition, in the same five patients, T cell response PHA was inhibited by a cell in the non-T cell fraction, the response of non-T cells to PWM was diminished, and there was a diminished ability of the non-T cell population to stimulate in allogeneic MLR. However, the response of T cells from patients with Hodgkin disease to allogeneic antigen was normal. The AMLR and allogeneic MLR were then studied in an additional five untreated patients before and after monocyte depletion of the stimulating non-T mononuclear cell population. In this second group of Hodgkin disease patients, the AMLR was again diminished when T cells were incubated either with non-T cells or non-T cells depleted of monocytes. In the Hodgkin patients, monocyte depletion did not alter the T cell response in the AMLR. In the controls, monocyte depletion greatly diminished the proliferative response. The diminished AMLR in untreated Hodgkin disease patients may be the result of a failure of adequate monocyte stimulation of autologous T cells. PMID- 6214185 TI - Ampicillin versus mezlocillin for treatment of endomyometritis. PMID- 6214186 TI - Hirsutism and menstrual patterns in women exposed to diethylstilbestrol in utero. AB - Hirsutism and menstrual patterns were evaluated in 32 female patients with documented diethylstilbestrol (DES) exposure in utero. Nine nonhirsute regularly menstruating and nine consecutive hirsute oligomenorrheic women with no known DES exposure served as controls. Hormone measurements included follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, prolactin, cortisol, testosterone, androstenedione, dehydroepiandrosterone, sex hormone-binding globulin, and estradiol. Hirsutism was present in 72% and irregular menses occurred in 50% of DES-exposed patients. The mean age of the DES-exposed group was 26.8 +/- 0.7 years (mean +/- SEM). The mean age of mildly hirsute DES-exposed patients (24.7 +/- 1.4 years) was significantly lower (p less than 0.05) than that of severely hirsute DES-exposed patients (28.8 +/- 1.1 years). Mean testosterone, androstenedione, sex hormone binding globulin, testosterone/sex hormone-binding severely hirsute DES-exposed group but higher than in nonhirsute control subjects. Mean testosterone, androstenedione, sex hormone-binding globulin, testosterone/sex hormone-binding globulin, and luteinizing hormone levels in hirsute DES-exposed patients were similar to those in hirsute control subjects but significantly higher than those in nonhirsute control subjects. Mean DHA levels as well as the clitoral indices were comparable in all groups. Our data suggest that DES exposure in utero may result in hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian dysfunction. PMID- 6214188 TI - A synthesis of occupational behavior and sensory integration concepts in theory and practice, part 2: clinical applications. AB - This is the second of two papers addressing the occupational behavior and sensory integration approaches to occupational therapy for children. In the previous paper, basic concepts from these two approaches were discussed as presenting different, yet complementary, perspectives. The use of play was identified as central to occupational therapy practice from either perspective. Concepts from both approaches were integrated into a general systems model of play development in infancy and early childhood. This paper discusses play and sensory integration as interdependent developmental phenomena that are a function of interactions between the environment (input) and the child's internal processing (throughput). When input-throughput interactions do not permit the growth of competence, dysfunction occurs. Consideration of possible input and throughput deficits are suggested for assessment of individual children, and treatment guidelines are drawn from both the sensory integration and occupational behavior literature. PMID- 6214187 TI - Adnexal adhesions: a prognostic staging and classification system based on a five year survey of fertility surgery results at Chapel Hill, North Carolina. AB - From 1976 to 1980, the endocrinology and fertility service at the North Carolina Memorial Hospital, Chapel Hill, performed 108 lyses of adnexal adhesions, including those in 61 patients who also required salpingostomies. A follow-up of 6 months to 4 years in regard to pregnancy outcome was obtained in 90% of these patients. The extent of adnexal disease is described, and a simplified staging system is presented in this report. The stages are based on four independent observations: (1) extent of ovarian involvement in adhesive disease, (2) nature of the adhesions, (3) fimbrial patency, and (4) isthmic patency. Each of the adnexa was staged separately, and patients were classified according to the operation performed on the more favorable side. In an analysis of the results as defined by live births, with use of this system, a statistically significant (p = 0.01) gradient was demonstrated from minimal adhesions (46.7% births) to extensive adhesions (0 births). A similar strong gradient (p = 0.02) was demonstrated with salpingostomies, with a 30% birth rate with no adhesions ranging to 0% with extensive adhesions. This staging and classification system is particularly useful in offering realistic prognoses to patients who are contemplating adnexal operations. PMID- 6214189 TI - Facilitating attitude change toward the handicapped. AB - Measurement in the shift of 424 normal children's perceptions of their handicapped peers was determined following their exposure to structured learning experiences of what it would be like to be handicapped. Attitude development and approaches used for attitude change are described. Significant positive shifts were found in children's perceptions of their handicapped peers' play capabilities, intelligence level, and self-concept. Attitudes toward mainstreaming remained unchanged. It is suggested that a viable receptivity exists in normal children's attitude development. The role of the occupational therapist in facilitating positive attitudes is discussed. PMID- 6214190 TI - Include exercise in "purposeful activity". PMID- 6214191 TI - From courthouse to schoolhouse: using the legal system to secure the right to an appropriate education. PMID- 6214192 TI - Effect of disuse on sarcoplasmic reticulum in fast and slow skeletal muscle. AB - The effect of 6 wk of hindlimb immobilization on rat skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) was determined in the slow-twitch, type I soleus (SOL), the fast twitch, type IIA deep region of the vastus lateralis (DVL), and the fast-twitch, type IIB superficial region of the vastus lateralis (SVL). Immobilization produced a significant decline in the Ca2+ uptake rate (Vmax) of SR vesicles from the slow SOL (0.930 +/- 0.116 to 0.365 +/- 0.071 mumol Ca2+ . mg-1 . min-1), while the SR Vmax increased in the fast SVL (2.763 +/- 0.133 to 5.209 +/- 0.687) and was unaltered in the DVL. Vesicles from the fast SVL and DVL also exhibited a higher total Ca2+ uptake capacity following immobilization. An evaluation of the time course of the immobilization-mediated effect revealed an increased Ca2+ uptake capacity in all three samples after 1 wk. In the SOL total Ca2+ uptake returned to control level after 2 wk, while in the fast-twitch muscles the higher capacities were maintained. The Ca2+-stimulated SR ATPase activity was not altered in any of the muscles studies, although the total SR ATPase activity increased twofold in the slow SOL. PMID- 6214193 TI - Isometric contractile properties and velocity of shortening during avian myogenesis. AB - Isometric twitch and tetanic contractile properties and velocity of unloaded shortening (V0) of whole avian posterior latissimus dorsi muscle (PLD) were examined between embryonic day 15 and the first 2 wk after hatching. The time to peak twitch force, time to half-relaxation of the twitch response, and time to half-peak tetanic force all change significantly during the final week in ovo but do not change during the first 2 wk ex ovo. Comparisons with previously published reports by others indicate that the twitch half-relaxation time at hatching is approximately the same as that of the adult PLD. The velocity of unloaded shortening increases 2.3-fold during the period studied. It has previously been shown by other that the velocity of shortening is well correlated with a muscle's myosin ATPase activity. Therefore, the observed changes in V0 suggest that the myosin ATPase activity of the avian PLD increases between embryonic day 15 and the first 2 wk posthatching, and this change could account, at least in part, for some of the changes in the isometric properties that were measured. PMID- 6214194 TI - Comparative force-velocity relation and analyses of myosin of dog atria and ventricles. AB - The isolated muscle and purified myofibrillar proteins of canine atria and ventricles were compared relative to force-velocity relations and rate of adenosine 5'-triphosphatase (ATPase) activity as a function of calcium concentrations. The maximal stress development of isolated trabeculae of canine atria was similar to that of canine right ventricular papillary muscles when analyzed at saturating calcium concentrations (7.5 mM); however, stress was less in the atria when studied at normal calcium concentrations (2.5 mM). The maximal velocity of shortening of atrial trabeculae was about 2.3 times higher than that of ventricular muscle. Regulated actomyosin characterized from the myofibrillar proteins of the two tissues gave directionally similar calcium sensitivity. The maximum velocity of shortening for actin-activated atrial myosin of the dog was approximately 1.8 times higher when the latter was analyzed as a function of actin concentration. Both maximal tension of isolated muscle and regulated actomyosin ATPase activity were dependent on calcium concentration. PMID- 6214196 TI - Respective roles and interactions of T-lymphocyte and PGE2-mediated monocyte suppressive activities in human newborns and mothers at the time of delivery. AB - Recently the concept of a poorly functional humoral immune response in the newborn was proposed. Data have been presented indicating that the impaired newborn B cell maturation, as shown in vitro in a pokeweed mitogen-induced B cell maturation system, is due both to an immaturity of lymphocyte subsets and to an increased suppressive T activity. In the present work, we present evidence that there exists a predominance of a naturally occurring T lymphocyte suppressive activity in the cord blood in that the removal of the suppressive activity by irradiation allows a normal maturation of newborn B cells. Such normal maturation of newborn B cells can also be obtained using mixed cultures of adult T cells and newborn B cells. Newborn suppressor T cells belong to both EA gamma (+) and EA gamma (-) fractions, and it is not known whether these two groups do or do not belong to different subsets. The PGE2-dependent monocyte suppressive activity does not play any role in the suppression observed in newborns since newborn monocytes are poorly suppressive and since they produce a smaller amount of PGE2 than adult monocytes. Some observations suggest, on the contrary, that the suppressive T lymphocytes can regulate the level of the PGE2-dependent monocyte suppressive activity. It should be noticed that similar observations about T lymphocyte and PGE2-dependent monocyte suppressive activities have been made at the same time using mothers' cells. These observations suggest the possibility that such changes in B cell immune regulation may result from an interaction between maternal and fetal lymphoid cells. PMID- 6214195 TI - Glucoprivic feeding is impaired by lateral or fourth ventricular alloxan injection. AB - Feeding and blood glucose responses to insulin and 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG) were examined in rats previously given lateral or fourth ventricular injections of the diabetogenic agents, alloxan and streptozotocin. Although streptozotocin (120, 200, and 400 micrograms) was ineffective, lateral ventricular alloxan injections (40 micrograms in 5 microliters) reduced feeding to 45% of control after 350 mg/kg 2-DG (sc), 33% of control after 150 mg/kg 2-DG, and 65% of control after insulin (2 U/kg). Fourth ventricular alloxan injections produced greater deficits, reducing feeding to 19, 7, and 46% of control, respectively. The sympathoadrenal response to glucoprivic agents was normal after alloxan treatment; however, blood glucose levels fell more rapidly during fasting than in controls. Alloxan-induced deficits did not appear to result from damage to catecholamine neurons, since neither regional concentrations nor glucoprivation induced elevation of catecholamine turnover was altered by alloxan pretreatment. We conclude that cells involved in the glucoprivic control of feeding can be selectively and permanently damaged by intracerebroventricular alloxan administration. Such cells appear to reside in the hindbrain, to be noncatecholaminergic, and to function independently of glucoreceptors mediating sympathodrenal discharge. PMID- 6214198 TI - Androgen dependent seminal plasma proteins demonstrated by micro disc gradient polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. PMID- 6214197 TI - The adolescent "swimmer's back". AB - Three patients with backache, aggravated by swimming the butterfly stroke, were subsequently diagnosed as having Scheuermann's kyphosis. These patients were treated with conventional methods. However, they were allowed additional time out of the brace to participate in swimming and were encouraged to do so, but they withheld from the butterfly. An average of 27% correction of curvature was seen with an average follow-up of 1.6 years. Symptoms subsided in all cases. We feel that the psychological and emotional well-being of the athlete can likewise be enhanced by continual participation without compromising the overall result. PMID- 6214200 TI - [Endocardial cushion defect without ostium primum atrial septal defect associated with tetralogy of Fallot (author's transl)]. AB - A case of endocardial cushion defect without ostium primum atrial septal defect associated with tetralogy of Fallot is presented. The echocardiogram is specially interesting showing two atrioventricular valves recorded simultaneously without an intervening ventricular septum, mitral continuity with the posterior semilunar valve and impossibility of recording the anterior semilunar valve. Findings similar to those of single ventricle with pulmonary stenosis. The anatomopathological findings and their possible embryonic basis are analyzed. PMID- 6214199 TI - Nitrous oxide analgesia in selected dental patients. AB - Nitrous oxide analgesia is presented as the analgesic method of choice in medically compromised patients. The resemblance between the action of nitrous oxide and that of morphine is emphasized. The combination of the opiate-like action of nitrous oxide with the advantages of an inhalation technique makes it preferable and superior to parenteral opiate administration. It may thus be termed as an inhalation "opiate".Since its introduction into clinical use by Wells in 1844 (1), nitrous oxide (N(2)0) has been applied as an anesthetic and analgesic agent in various medical situations, including dentistry (2). The development of equipment affording safe administration of accurate concentrations of either pre-mixed or adjustable N(2)0 and oxygen enabled the application of "relative analgesia" as an important technique in the relief of pain. The pharmacological action and analgesic properties of N(2)0 received renewed interest after Berkowitz et al (3) showed the resemblance between its mode of action and that of opiates. Recent human and animal studies indicated that N(2)0 activates the endogenous opiate system(s) in a manner similar to that of morphine (4). The availability of an analgesic gas which, on the one hand, mimics opiate action whilst on the other hand its administration is continuously adjustable, as opposed to other modes of sedation, makes it into an ideal adjunct in dental procedures. Owing to its minimal side effects, the use of N(2)0 is especially recommended in the management of anxious children and medically compromised patients.This report presents three illustrative patients in whom nitrous oxide proved to be the drug of choice during dental procedures. PMID- 6214201 TI - [Skin reactions to piroxicam (three cases) (author's transl)]. AB - Three cases of skin reactions that occurred in patients under oral administration of Piroxicam are reported here: one erythema-multiforme-like reaction and two cases of acute, pruriginous erythemato-papulous dermatitis, one of which with intraepidermal blister formation. No past history of skin disease could be formed; lesions spontaneously improved when the drug was stopped. Only in one patient, receiving Piroxicam and Fenoprofene, an acute nephritis was observed. The role of Piroxicam, a new non-steroid antiinflammatory agent in the pathogenesis of the skin reactions observed is discussed. However, the renal involvement formed in one case is likely due to Fenoprofene, as in previously reported cases. PMID- 6214202 TI - [Pathogenesis of acne]. PMID- 6214203 TI - The response of cells from patients with Huntington's chorea to mutagen-induced chromosome damage. AB - Cultured blood lymphocytes from 15 patients with Huntington's chorea (HC) and matched controls were exposed to a series of graded doses of mitomycin C and ethyl methane sulphonate and examined for the incidence of sister chromatid exchange (SCE). The spontaneous SCE levels did not differ between HC patients and controls and although cells from the majority of HC patients showed a slightly enhanced response to SCE induction by the mutagens, the enhancement was small and significant only on the pooled data. Cultures from 4 HC patients and controls were exposed to a graded series of X-ray exposures and no difference was observed in the spontaneous aberration frequencies between HC cells and controls, or in their response to aberration induction by X-rays. Skin fibroblast cultures derived from three HC patients, two xeroderma pigmentosum patients and two healthy controls were exposed to MMC and the levels of unscheduled DNA synthesis determined. There was no difference between the response of HC cells and normal controls, although such synthesis in the xeroderma cells was severely depressed. It is concluded that: (i) fibroblasts and lymphocytes from HC patients show a normal response to the three mutagens studied; (ii) there is no evidence for any defect in processes involved in repairing the lesions induced; (iii) the slightly elevated response of HC lymphocytes to SCE induction may reflect the presence of a different proportion of a slightly more sensitive T cell sub-set in HC patients, and (iv) HC cells do not show a hypersensitivity to mutagens that could be used as a basis for diagnosis. PMID- 6214204 TI - Effects of vitamin E on mixed lymphocyte cultures. AB - When lymphocytes from individuals ingesting vitamin E were used as responding cells in the mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC) the proliferative response was normal indicating that T lymphocyte reactivity to allogeneic antigen was undisturbed. However, the use of lymphocytes from individuals receiving vitamin E as stimulating cells in the MLC resulted in a diminished proliferative response suggesting that large doses of vitamin E may effect B cells and/or macrophages as they interacted with T lymphocytes. PMID- 6214205 TI - [Immune complexes and effector cell activation (author's transl)]. AB - The study of antibody-dependent cellular cytoxicity mechanisms in human and experimental schistosomiasis has revealed the particular role of immune complexes in triggering phagocytic cell activation. IgE complexes or aggregates were demonstrated to bind to specific receptors on rat macrophages as well as on human or baboon macrophages, leading to the killing of the parasite target. In the eosinophil-dependent cytotoxicity mechanisms, IgE complexes have been shown to exert a regulatory effect on eosinophil activation in vitro and in vivo and on the ability of this cell population to kill parasites. The various observations reported in this review suggest that the characteristics of the Fc receptors, the composition and antigen-antibody ratio of immune complexes might be essential factors in the regulation of the immune response against parasites. PMID- 6214206 TI - Splenic alterations during mammary tumorigenesis: diverse effects on different immune parameters. AB - An evaluation of various parameters of the immune system was undertaken in Balb/c mice transplanted with a syngeneic mammary adenocarcinoma. Increasing tumor burdens resulted in a depression of some cell mediated immune functions. In contrast, an augmentation of humoral responses was observed in tumor-bearing mice. A defect in the immunoregulatory mechanism did not appear to be responsible for the elevated humoral response as revealed in suppressor cell experiments. However, flow cytometric analysis of T and B lymphocyte levels in the spleens of mice with mammary tumors indicated that the numbers of Thy 1.2 positive cells were greatly diminished while there was only a slight increase in the proportion of cells bearing surface immunoglobulin. These splenic alterations accompanying tumor growth might be responsible for the altered immune responses observed in tumor-bearing animals. PMID- 6214207 TI - Prostaglandins and the immune response to cancer (review). PMID- 6214208 TI - Life and Science. PMID- 6214209 TI - Fidelity of DNA synthesis. PMID- 6214210 TI - Clinical and pharmacokinetic evaluation of parenteral moxalactam in infants and children. AB - Thirty-four infants and children ranging in age from 2.5 to 180 months (mean, 40 months) were treated with parenteral moxalactam (150 mg/kg per day) for suspected or proved bacterial infections outside the central nervous system. Six patients infected with Haemophilus influenzae b, nine infected with Staphylococcus aureus, three infected with Streptococcus pneumoniae, one infected with Streptococcus pyogenes, one infected with Enterobacter aerogenes, one infected with Fusobacterium nucleotum, and one infected with Staphylococcus epidermidis, microaerophilic streptococcus, and Propionibacterium sp. were clinically and bacteriologically cured. One patient with polymicrobial pansinusitis did not respond to moxalactam. No patients developed meningitis. All of the isolates tested were inhibited by less than or equal to 5 micrograms of moxalactam per ml, except for one Staphylococcus epidermidis isolate which was resistant to greater than 20 micrograms/ml. Five patients had transient neutropenia which resolved after the drug was discontinued. The mean peak serum level was 106 micrograms/ml at 15 min after a 50-mg/kg dose. The mean elimination half-life was 91.2 min. These data indicate that this dosage of moxalactam is a safe and effective treatment for bacterial infections outside the central nervous system. PMID- 6214211 TI - A survey of infections in stereotactic surgery. AB - In 365 consecutive intracranial stereotactic procedures over a 6-year period, there were three postoperative infections; 1 case of increased neurological deficit and 1 of fatality. Staphylococcus aureus was the most common organism involved; however, multiple organisms were seen in 2 cases. Multiplicity of organisms necessitated the use of a broad spectrum of antibiotics in the preoperative and postoperative periods. The method described has permitted an infection rate which compares favorably to other reports in the literature. Perioperative antibiotics, antibiotic-containing irrigation solutions, and careful attention to sterile techniques seem to be instrumental in maintaining a low infection rate in our study. Since the new spheroid design has been used, there have been no infections. PMID- 6214212 TI - Isolation and partial characterization of a rat hepatoma heparan sulfate proteoglycan. PMID- 6214213 TI - Further characterization and thiophosphorylation of smooth muscle myosin. PMID- 6214215 TI - The dissociation of aggregate forms of dextransucrase. PMID- 6214214 TI - Comparison of steady-state kinetics of thiophosphorylated versus unphosphorylated smooth muscle myosin. PMID- 6214216 TI - Abrasive cleansing in the management of acne vulgaris. AB - The comparative effectiveness of an abrasive cleaner and the same cleansing agent without the abrasive granules was evaluated using a bilateral paired comparison method in 44 patients with acne vulgaris. Lesion counts and an appraisal of the severity of disease were made every two weeks for a total of eight weeks. An equal reduction in both the number and severity of acne lesions was seen with each test product. Substantial differences between the adverse effects of these two products were not observed. PMID- 6214217 TI - Spontaneous rectus hematoma: occurrence in a patient with Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome Type IV. PMID- 6214218 TI - Which infants should not receive intensive care? PMID- 6214219 TI - Premature thelarche. PMID- 6214220 TI - Depressed high-energy phosphate content in hypertrophied ventricles of animal and man: the biologic basis for increased sensitivity to ischemic injury. AB - It is frequently stated that hypertrophied ventricles tolerate ischemia less well than nonhypertrophied ventricles. The authors' earlier studies in a rat supravalvular aortic stenosis model and canine valvular aortic stenosis model, both with concentric left ventricular hypertrophy, disclosed accelerated rates of ischemic contracture and diminished basal myocardial high energy phosphate stores. These studies have been extended to ten patients with severe left ventricular hypertrophy caused by valvular aortic stenosis and normal coronary arteries. ATP (endocardial and epicardial) from transmural left ventricular biopsies taken at operation before aorta cross-clamping, and frozen immediately in liquid nitrogen, were compared with similar biopsies from patients with nonhypertrophied myocardium supplied by normal coronary arteries. The subendocardial high energy phosphate levels in the nonhypertrophied myocardium was greater than high energy phosphate levels in the subepicardium of nonhypertrophied ventricles (ATP-micromoles/gram-protein, epi = 36.8 +/- 3.3, endo = 37.7 +/- 3.3) (p = NS). However, in the hypertrophied myocardium the subendocardium consistently showed significantly depressed high-energy phosphate levels when compared with subepicardial levels (ATP-hypertrophied myocardium, epi = 31.5 +/- 1.6, endo = 25.9 +/- 1.7) (p less than 0.05). This uniform depression of ATP stores, greatest in the subendocardium, in left ventricular hypertrophy suggests a common biologic mechanism for the enhanced sensitivity to ischemia. Of importance for patients may be the prior observation in rats that repletion of ATP( stores before ischemia eliminates the accelerated rate to ischemic contracture. Diminished subendocardial ATP stores appear to be an intrinsic property of severely hypertrophied myocardium and probably contribute to its enhanced sensitivity to ischemia. PMID- 6214222 TI - Effect of LHRH on cyproterone-acetate-injected adenohypophyses of castrated mice. AB - Luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH)-treated adenohypophyses from castrated, cyproterone acetate-injected adult male mice were studied with transmission electron microscopy (TEM). LHRH-treated luteinizing hormone (LH) gonadotrophs (types a and b) in castrated mice showed accumulation of secretory granules at the capillary pole, dilated Golgi apparatus and extensive rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) profiles. Following treatment, granular content in LH type-a gonadotrophs was decreased and profiles of secretory granules were seen in the intercellular and perivascular spaces. Some RER cisternal hypertrophy was noted, and the Golgi apparatus was dilated. In LH type-b gonadotrophs there were secretory granules lined along the plasma membranes, several lysosomes, multivesicular bodies, and short RER profiles. LHRH stimulated secretory granules release of LH gonadotrophs in cyproterone-acetate-treated castrated mice. Cyproterone acetate may have blocked hypothalamic LHRH stimulation of pituitary LH gonadotrophs. PMID- 6214221 TI - Depressed immune response in burn patients: use of monoclonal antibodies and functional assays to define the role of suppressor cells. AB - Recent experimental evidence has suggested that circulating suppressor leukocytes play an important role in mediating the suppression of immunity seen in burn patients. In order to shed further light on the relationship between suppressor cells and depressed cellular immunity 22 patients were studied (mean age 37) who had suffered severe burns of greater than 30% body surface area. Simultaneous studies were performed on 14 control laboratory personnel (mean age 32). Monoclonal antibodies were used to identify T-lymphocyte subsets known to have suppressor/cytotoxic (OKT8) and helper/inducer (OKT4) function, respectively. In addition, serial measurements were made of the response of circulating lymphocytes to the T-cell mitogen phytohemagglutinin (PHA). An inversion of the normal ratio between suppressor/cytotoxic and helper/inducer subsets (normal 0.55:1, postburn 1.4:1; p less than 0.001) occurred soon after burn injury, reached a peak in five to seven days and then returned gradually to normal levels by 14 days. A diminished response of patients' lymphocytes to PHA (57 +/- 10% SD suppression as compared with normal controls at five to seven days) corresponded with high suppressor to helper cell ratios and returned to normal at the same time. Functional assays, which recognize only high levels of activity, demonstrated circulating suppressor cells in nine patients during this same period but became negative by 14 days. These early immunologic modulations were not predictive of morbidity or mortality. Later in the postburn course, systemic sepsis in eight patients was associated with a return of increased suppressor to helper cell ratios and decreased mitogen (PHA) responsiveness. At this time functional assays demonstrated circulating suppressor cells in six patients. Five of these six patients died of sepsis. It was concluded that severe burn injury regularly induces an early transient increase in circulating suppressor cells accompanied by a depression of lymphocyte activation. A later (greater than 14 days postburn) increase in suppressor cells to levels detectable by functional assays is closely correlated with mortality from sepsis. PMID- 6214223 TI - [Long-term prognosis in acute myocardial infarction]. AB - The purpose of this communication is to identify the variables contributing to long-term morbidity and mortality in survivors of an acute myocardial infarction (AMI). The study comprises 5 years of follow up in 364 patients who were admitted to the coronary care unit during the acute episode. At the end of the study, 34.5% of the patients had some degree of incapacity due to angina, cardiac failure or both. There was a precise correlation between these and the degree of myocardial dysfunction or the size of the cardiac silhouette during the AMI. Sixty-seven patients suffered a cardiac death. The 5 year cumulative survival rate by life table analysis was 78.6% at the end of the study. The death rate was clearly greater during the initial six months (7%) and reached 10.5% at the end of the first year. In subsequent years the average annual death rate was 2.2%. Two-fifths of the patients died during a recurrent AMI, one-fifth in chronic cardiac failure and the remaining two-fifths experienced a sudden death. Age, a previous infarction, ventricular dysfunction during the acute episode and a recurrent AMI resulted in a reduced possibility of post-hospital survival. Sex of the patients and ECG location of the AMI had no influence in mortality. The analysis of late deaths due to AMI suggests that mechanical dysfunction, residual ischemia and electrical instability are important factors in its determination. The data indicate that there may be considerable potential to reduce the cardiac death rate in the post-hospital phase of AMI. PMID- 6214224 TI - [The heart in systemic lupus erythematosus. Study in 32 non-selected patients (author's transl)]. AB - Cardiovascular manifestations of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) in 32 unselected patients, with active disease were reviewed. Primary cardiac disease manifested as pericarditis (22%), myocarditis (16%), and valvular disease (9%), was recognized along with secondary disease as heart failure with or without systemic hypertension. Comparison with previous work by others, suggest that our cases are more representative of actual clinical picture of cardiac SLE. It is interesting to notice tht 9% of our patients had valvular disease, and this alteration is only occasionally found in other Hospitals. Valvular disease is rarely noticed during life, although is highly prevalent in autopsy series. We stress the diagnosis and management of the cardiac manifestations of SLE, in order to lower the morbidity and mortality of this condition. PMID- 6214225 TI - [Myocardial ischemia in hypertension heart disease (author's transl)]. AB - Seventeen hypertensive patients with EKG evidence of left ventricular hypertrophy and subendocardial ischemia were studied. The following tests were performed: cine-ventriculography, coronary arteriography, ejection fraction, ventricular pressures, left ventricular mass, EKG stress test and atrial stimulation. In 10 cases cardiac scintigraphy with intracoronary injection of albumin-macro aggregates marked with TC 99m, was obtained. EKG stress and atrial stimulation tests were positive in all cases, with ST depression greater than 1mm, or accentuation of previous ST depression. 83.7% of the patients had permeable coronary arteries, with "corkscrew' tortuosity. Left ventricular mass was increased in all cases (119 +/- 28.5% m2 s/c). Ejection fraction (74.2 +/- 8.1), and left ventricular diastolic pressures were normal. Cardiac scintigraphy showed uniform distribution of the radioisotope in the right ventricle and poor concentration with better dispersion and distribution in the left ventricle. It is concluded that subendocardial ischemia in these subjects is not produced by obstruction of the main coronary trunks and is associated to a significant increment of left ventricular mass which possibly produce a poor coronary reserve, and a potentially high risk condition. PMID- 6214226 TI - Old and new non-depolarizing muscle relaxants: a reassessment on subhuman primates. AB - Five chemically different, non-depolarizing muscle relaxants: d-tubocurarine, gallamine, pancuronium, AH 8165 and BW 405 C65 have been studied on the anesthetized Rhesus macaque, Bonnett macaque and Mangabey. Electrical stimulation of the ulnar nerve with different frequencies on both arms and recording of the muscle function were made. Single i.v. injections and infusions were administered. The ED50 values, duration of action and the maintenance (equilibrium) doses were calculated. The relative potencies showed marked variance with those obtained in man. The elimination rates expressed by the ratio: ED50 (twitch)/maintenance dose (from infusion data) indicate that these relaxants show different rates of elimination in different types of monkeys while their duration of action following a single dose varies to a lesser extent. The rhesus macaque seems to be relatively the closest to man with respect to duration of action of these agents. PMID- 6214227 TI - Plasma protein binding and distribution of fentanyl, sufentanil, alfentanil and lofentanil in blood. AB - The in vitro plasma protein binding and distribution in blood of fentanyl and three analogues were studied in rats, dogs and healthy volunteers. In human plasma, 84.4% of fentanyl was bound, 92.5% of sufentanil, 92.1% of alfentanil and 93.6% of lofentanil. Plasma protein binding of the four analgesics was independent of their concentration over the whole therapeutic range. Plasma protein binding of alfentanil was much less pH dependent than that of the three other analgesics. Attention was drawn to the possible contribution of the "acute phase' protein alpha 1-acid glycoprotein (alpha 1-AGP), of lipoproteins and of blood cells to the binding of fentanyl and its analogues in blood. PMID- 6214228 TI - Piperacillin plus amikacin therapy v carbenicillin plus amikacin therapy in febrile, granulocytopenic patients. AB - In a prospective randomized trial, febrile, granulocytopenic patients received either piperacillin sodium plus amikacin sulfate or carbenicillin disodium plus amikacin as initial empiric antimicrobial therapy. Although significantly more gram-negative aerobic bacilli isolated from initial cultures were susceptible to piperacillin than to carbenicillin (54 of 58 v 30 of 58), the overall response rates for the two regimens were similar (113 of 143 or 79% for piperacillin plus amikacin and 116 of 154 or 75% for carbenicillin plus amikacin). Piperacillin plus amikacin was associated with less hypokalemia (26 of 143 v 56 of 154). Nephrotoxicity, which was minimal with both regimens, developed less frequently in patients receiving carbenicillin plus amikacin (12 of 143 v two of 154). These results suggest that the overall efficacy of piperacillin plus amikacin is similar to carbenicillin plus amikacin and that piperacillin plus amikacin may be associated with less hypokalemia but more nephrotoxicity. PMID- 6214229 TI - Transluminal angioplasty for renovascular hypertension complicated by pregnancy. AB - Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty was successfully used in the treatment of renovascular hypertension that resulted from fibromuscular hyperplasia in a 26 year-old woman who was four weeks' pregnant. The patient's BP normalized immediately. She had a normal pregnancy that terminated in the delivery of a full term normal child. Two and a half years after the procedure, she remained normotensive without taking antihypertensive medication. Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty may be useful in the treatment of renal artery stenosis complicated by hypertension and pregnancy, where the inherent risk of toxemia endangers the life of the mother and fetus. PMID- 6214230 TI - [Cardiologic aspects of Friedreich type heredoataxia]. AB - The authors performed ambulatory electro-vectorcardiography polycardiography and echocardiography in 18 patients with typical Friedreich's disease, and 6 patients with atypical forms of hereditary spino-cerebellar ataxia classified on e basis of the degree of neurological involvement, without clinical signs of cardiocirculatory failure. The ECG and VCG recording commonly showed appearances suggestive of myocardial "necrosis" and were of little value in the differential diagnosis between typical and atypical forms of Friedreich's ataxia. This limitation also applied to the kinetocardiogramme which was sometimes pathological confirming the echocardiographic diagnosis of symmetric LV hypertrophy and of septal hypokinesia despite normal ECG and VCG. The systolic time intervals and echocardiographic parameters of the interventricular septum were more helpful in the differential diagnosis. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, usually symmetric, was observed in about 70 p. 100 of typical and only rarely in atypical forms of Friedreich's disease. The symmetric or asymmetric hypertrophy was associated with reduced left ventricular performance in less than 20 p. 100 of typical Friedreich's disease, systolic anterior motion of the mitral valve and other signs of dynamic left ventricular outflow tract obstruction were not observed in any of these patients. The correlations between the degree of neurological disability and the cardiac abnormalities, were, in general, disappointing compared with other reported series. The cardiac investigation of patients with Friedreich's disease remains valuable from the point of view of recent pathological hypotheses of a metabolic abnormality with eventual therapeutic implications. PMID- 6214231 TI - [Coronary flow in experimental cardiac hypertrophy caused by arterial hypertension]. AB - We studied the effects of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) induced by one clip two kidney Goldblatt hypertension on coronary circulation of conscious rats. Twenty four weeks after clipping, coronary blood flow per unit mass after pharmacological dilation by carbochrome (6 mg/kg) (coronary flow reserve-CFR) was measured using radioactive microspheres. Coronary flow reserve remained normal either during development or LVH in untreated rats or after reversal of LVH in rats treated with captopril or nephrectomy. An appropriate relationship between pressure and mass, which varied in parallel, layed a significant role in maintaining a normal CFR. This, if confirmed in man, our results would suggest that antihypertensive drugs that alter this relationship by decreasing pressure but not LV mass may adversely affect CFR. PMID- 6214232 TI - [Vascular effects of captopril in the prevention of genetic hypertension in the spontaneously hypertensive rat]. AB - Captopril (100 mg/kg, q.d., orally, from the 6th week of age) strongly inhibits genetic hypertension development (GHD) and this effect persists up to 12 weeks after treatment discontinuation. However, during these 12 weeks, systolic blood pressure and heart weight/body weight ratio (HW/BW) show a similar trend to slowly increase. We have investigated whether identical phenomena develop at the vascular level. Captopril strongly increased vascular mesenteric compliance, reduced aortic wall weight, mesenteric arterial wall lumen ratio and active contractile ability during treatment period and these effects were still observed up to 7 weeks after treatment interruption although there was a slight but progressive reduction in their intensity. Thus captopril opposes the structural and functional vascular and cardiac alterations which accompany GHD and this effect contributes to a large extent to the long-lasting preventive effects of the drug against GHD. PMID- 6214233 TI - [Isoenzymes of ventricular myosin change in spontaneously hypertensive rats]. PMID- 6214234 TI - Alteration of norepinephrine metabolism with desipramine and zimelidine in depressed patients. AB - Twelve patients with a major affective disorder were treated during the depressed phase of their illness with desipramine hydrochloride and/or zimelidine hydrochloride, and urinary excretion rates of norepinephrine and its major metabolites were examined. During treatment with desipramine, daily urinary excretion of norepinephrine, 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG), and vanillylmandelic acid was reduced, but urinary normetanephrine excretion was not significantly changed. In all patients, the proportion of urinary norepinephrine metabolites represented by normetanephrine was increased during desipramine treatment. Independent of treatment outcome, desipramine seemed to decrease total formation and metabolism of norepinephrine, which was reflected in decreases in the excretion rate of the catecholamine and its metabolites. These results are consistent with known actions of desipramine on the disposition of norepinephrine and represent alterations in the rate of norepinephrine formation and metabolism, resulting from inhibition of norepinephrine reuptake. Zimelidine, a new antidepressant, which is a relatively specific serotonin-uptake inhibitor, significantly reduced only urinary MHPG excretion without appearing to alter "whole-body" norepinephrine turnover. This effect of zimelidine on norepinephrine metabolism was unexpected. Current and previous findings concerning clorgyline, a relatively specific monoamine oxidase A inhibitor, suggest that three pharmacologically distinct classes of antidepressants, norepinephrine and serotonin-reuptake and monoamine oxidase type A inhibitors, all reduce central norepinephrine turnover in depressed patients. PMID- 6214236 TI - Family intervention in rehabilitation of patient with Huntington disease. AB - With appropriate intervention the family can play a vital role in the course of patient rehabilitation. This case report illustrates how the family, with the help of an allied health professional, facilitated the achievement of rehabilitation goals. A patient with Huntington disease, preferring to become inactive at home rather than return to work, was helped by his family to become productive again both within the home and at his job. This case indicates how health professional, by being aware of potential family problems and constructive adjustmental can function from a proactive rather than a reactive stance. PMID- 6214235 TI - Social and cultural disincentives to independent living. AB - More than 30 million Americans have some disability or chronic condition that prevents their full participation in social living, according to the Department of Health and Human Services, yet their rehabilitation as well as integration into the mainstream of American life has been slow. The causes of this paradox are to be found in the contradictory implications of certain American values, our overreliance on technologic solutions to personal and social problems, and our continuing reluctance to fully admit patient-consumers as partners in their own rehabilitation. PMID- 6214237 TI - [The usefulness of dexamethasonephosphate in the conservative treatment of lumbar pain--a double-blind study (author's transl)]. AB - Analgesic drugs, physiotherapy and corticosteroids are concurrently used in the conservative treatment of lumbar pain. In 100 patients a double-blind study with dexamethasonephosphate versus placebo was performed. Lumbar pain and no findings with myelography were the basic requirements for inclusion into the study. There was no significant difference between the treatment group and the placebo group concerning the clinical investigation before and after treatment. The positive effect of dexamethasonephosphate, which was seen in a pilot study, was not confirmed in the double-blind study. Because corticosteroids are also psychotropic drugs there is a mild antidepressive effect. Considering the fact that cortisone has no effect on the symptoms of lumbar pain, it should not be used furthermore in the conservative treatment of lumbar pain. PMID- 6214238 TI - Primary and secondary healing in infected wounds. An experimental study. AB - The beneficial effects of delayed closure of contaminated wounds are recognized, but not well defined. Rats with abdominal incisions were infected with Staphylococcus aureus or Escherichia coli and then subgrouped for primary or secondary healing. Noninfected rats served as controls. Between seven and 119 days later, the wounds were subjected to breaking-strength determination, hydroxyproline analysis, and light and scanning electron microscopy. In the controls, secondary closure gave stronger wounds than primary closure. In those infected with S aureus the wounds were stronger than in the primary-closure control group, regardless of the closure method. Of the E coli-infected wounds those primarily closed were weaker than those secondarily closed. Secondary closure gave infected wounds fewer complications. Biochemical and microscopic examination did not explain these findings. PMID- 6214239 TI - Transluminal angioplasty of the iliac and femoropopliteal arteries. Current status. AB - Transluminal angioplasty for the management of atherosclerosis obliterans has been performed in 160 patients for 100 iliac and 98 femoropopliteal lesions. The procedure was performed percutaneously except in eight patients in whom operative exposure was required. Angioplasty was technically successful in all 100 iliac artery lesions. There was hemodynamic and clinical improvement in 92 lesions. The procedure was technically successful in 84 of the 98 femoropopliteal artery lesions with hemodynamic improvement in 74 and clinical improvement in 78. There were ten complications directly related to the angioplasty and six related to the arteriographic procedure. Cumulative patency rates for the angioplasties were 92% and 75% at three years for iliac and femoropopliteal lesions, respectively. These promising results suggest that transluminal angioplasty has a definite role in the management of atherosclerosis obliterans of iliac and femoropopliteal arteries. PMID- 6214240 TI - Occupational exposure to some synthetic pyrethroids (permethrin and fenvalerate). AB - In a two-step study on exposure control method for occupational handling of permethrin was developed. Air sampling on a filter can be used in case of exposure to permethrin in powder form. The detection limit is 0.001 mg/m3. If biological sampling is used, the acid metabolite moiety in the urine must be monitored. However, the uptake after exposure to permethrin in forestry was too low, and no urine concentration could be found. The detection limit is 0.1 microgram/ml. Six persons in a plant nursery and six planters were studied in this way. Interviews were conducted with 139 planters. Irritative symptoms form the skin and upper respiratory tract were reported in 73% for fenvalerate, 63% for permethrin (trans/cis 75/25) and 33% for permethrin (trans/cis 60/40). PMID- 6214241 TI - [Studies on conconavalin A-induced suppressor cell function and soluble immune suppressor supernatant from conconavalin A-induced suppressor cells in the healthy donors and patients with chronic active rheumatoid arthritis (author's transl)]. PMID- 6214242 TI - [Morphofunctional basis of development of the "hypertonic heart"]. AB - The morphofunctional analysis of the work of the heart in the time course of experimental arterial hypertension showed that three pathogenetic stages could be clearly distinguished in the formation of "hypertension heart": the stage of formation (1st-4th week) when marked signs of overloading are noted in the myocardium and compensatory-adaptative changes begin to develop; the stage of compensation (6th-10th week) when the process is stabilized and the adaptative changes are marked in the heart muscle, particularly myocardial hypertrophy; and the stage of decompensation (22nd-52nd week) when destructive changes develop in the myocardium and its contractile capacity weakens. PMID- 6214243 TI - Neuroaxonal dystrophy and Down's syndrome. Report of a case. PMID- 6214244 TI - Nature and distribution of mucosubstances in human mature enamel identified by enzyme electron microscopy. AB - Longitudinal slices of 12 freshly extracted human third molars fixed in 10 per cent neutral formalin were demineralized with 1M lactic acid. Ultrathin sections of slices were stained with ruthenium red or silver methenamine. The reaction products were mainly found in the prism sheath regions. To identify the mucosubstances, the digestion tests with chondroitinase ABC, AC, hyaluronidase and neuraminidase were performed. It was concluded that the major component of the organic matrix of inner human dental enamel is chondroitin 4-sulphate or chondroitin 6-sulphate localized in prism sheath regions and inter-crystalline spaces. PMID- 6214245 TI - A comparative study of extracellular glucanhydrolase and glucosyltransferase enzyme activities of five different serotypes of oral Streptococcus mutans. AB - The activities of glucanhydrolase (EC 3.2.1.11) and glucosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.5) in crude enzyme preparations of 44 strains of Streptococcus mutans of five serotypes were investigated. The strains were grown in a laboratory fermentor for 16 h and the enzymes were isolated by adding solid ammonium sulphate to the culture supernatant, resulting in a 12-fold enrichment of the enzymes. For glucanhydrolase, strains of serotype a showed the lowest total activity (0.768 U, approx. 120 ml), whereas strains of serotype d had an activity 39 times higher (29.9 U). The total activities of strains of serotypes b, c and e were 5.56, 6.30 and 7.06 U, respectively. For glucosyltransferase, strains of type e showed the highest total activity (293 U), whereas differences between strains of the other four types were insignificant (type a: 158 U; type b: 175 U; type c: 191 U; type d: 225 U; approx. 120 ml). A strong correlation was found between the glucanhydrolase activity and the percentage of insoluble glucan synthesized in vitro by the respective strains. This correlation was not substantially changed if the enzyme activities were expressed as specific activities, or as total activities against bacterial weight. PMID- 6214246 TI - Sialadenitis and systemic reaction associated with phenylbutazone. AB - Sialadenitis is an uncommon side effect of phenylbutazone, and we report seven patients with this reaction who were admitted to Fairfield Infectious Diseases Hospital over a seven year period. In addition to salivary gland swellings, all patients had evidence of a systemic disturbance that included fever in all cases, and, in varying combinations, pericarditis, pleurisy, rash, conjunctivitis, and disturbed hepatic function. Resolution of these features occurred following cessation of phenylbutazone, but this took several weeks in some cases. Pericarditis was the most severe manifestation, and in one patient, this required corticosteroid therapy. PMID- 6214247 TI - Site-specific mutagenesis: a new approach for studying the molecular mechanisms of mutation by carcinogens. PMID- 6214248 TI - In vitro replication of mutagen-damaged DNA: sites of termination. AB - We have examined the effect of DNA lesions, which in vivo are potentially mutagenic, on in vitro DNA synthesis carried out by a number of purified DNA polymerases using a 0X174 template. Both acetyl aminofluorene (AAF) adducts and UV-induced pyrimidine dimers are blocks to elongation by DNA polymerases. On UV irradiated DNA templates synthesis terminates one nucleotide before the sites of pyrimidine dimers with all of the enzymes tested: Pol I and Pol III holoenzyme from Escherichia coli, T4 DNA polymerase, avian myeloblastosis virus reverse transcriptase and a mammalian DNA polymerase alpha. With AAF, which reacts at the C-8 position of guanine, differences are observed between the above enzymes, with the latter two inserting a nucleotide opposite the site of the lesion. Substitution of Mn2+ for Mg2+ as the cation in the Pol I reactions causes changes in the termination pattern on both UV-irradiated and AAF-reacted templates. The significance of these results to the process of inducible error-prone repair and the possible bypass of lesions in the DNA is discussed. PMID- 6214249 TI - Comparison of the induction of specific locus mutations in wild-type and repair deficient strains of Neurospora crassa. AB - A comparison of mutation induction between wild-type and excision repair deficient strains has shown that, after treatment with four of the five mutagens tested, an enhanced recovery of induced mutants was found in the excision repair deficient strains. In this sense we have confirmed for Neurospora Ames' (1977) observations with Salmonella. Furthermore, genetic analysis of the mutants induced in Neurospora in both wild-type and excision repair-deficient strains has shown that in some cases the enhanced recovery of mutants can be attributed to the recovery of a spectrum of genetic alterations in the excision repair deficient strains that is qualitatively different from that found in the wild type strain. This qualitatively different spectrum appears to arise as a result of a preferential increase in frameshift mutations. Thus, it appears that in excision repair-deficient strains of Neurospora genetic lesions are processed differently than in wild-type strains both to give enhanced yield as well as a selective increase in frameshift mutations. In this regard, the apparent difference between Salmonella and Neurospora data with regard to the characterization of the genetic effects of chemical carcinogens is most likely attributed to a difference in the genetic background of the strains. The present data with Neurospora suggest that this difference not only results in an enhanced recovery of revertants in Salmonella strains carrying the uvrB mutation but also that a different spectrum of genetic damage was detected from that which would have been observed in the standard wild-type strain G46. Observations from the present experiments with Neurospora have important implications not only for comparative mutagenesis, where the effects of the same mutagen are studied in different laboratory organisms, but also for risk estimation since the spectrum of genetic damage produced by a given agent may not be uniform in our genetically heterogeneous human population. PMID- 6214250 TI - Alterations in cardiac oxygen consumption under chronic pressure overload. Significance of the isoenzyme pattern of myosin. AB - Hypertension and resulting left ventricular hypertrophy was induced in young male Wistar rats (60 to 70 days old) by narrowing of one renal artery (Goldblatt II). 8 and 24 weeks after operation, myocardial oxygen consumption was measured on a modified in situ heart-lung preparation with nearly isovolumetric left ventricular contractions. Measured myocardial oxygen consumption was related to left ventricular wall stress. The myosin isoenzyme pattern of each heart was determined with pyrophosphate gel electrophoresis. Oxygen consumption related to wall stress averaged over the entire heart cycle amounted to 15 mumoles O2/g X min 8 weeks after operation, and 24.4 mumoles O2/g X min in age-matched controls (delta 38%, p less than 0.0005). When wall stress was averaged over systole, oxygen consumption of the hypertrophied hearts amounted to 0.112 mumoles O2/g x beat, and 0.149 mumoles O2/g x beat in the controls (delta 25%, p less than 0.05). The proportion of VM-3 (the cardiac myosin isoenzyme of lowest ATPase activity) increased from 26.3% in the controls to 30.1% in the Goldblatt hearts (delta 14%, n.s.). 24 weeks after operation, oxygen consumption related to wall stress averaged over the entire heart cycle amounted to 16.1 mumoles O2/g x min, in age-matched controls 20.5 mumoles O2/g x min (delta 21%, p less than 0.05). When wall stress was averaged over systole, oxygen consumption of the Goldblatt hearts amounted to 0.080 mumoles O2/g x beat, and in the controls 0.107 mumoles O2/g x beat (delta 25%, p less than 0.0005). The proportion of VM-3 increased from 33.5% in the controls to 43.2% in the hypertrophied hearts (delta 29%, p less than 0.05). The present findings indicate that the reduced oxygen consumption of the pressure-loaded heart should be attributed to a redistribution of myosin isoenzymes. The transformation of myocardium into a slower, but more efficiently working muscle due to an increase in VM-3 can be interpreted as an adaptational process. PMID- 6214251 TI - Gene dosage at the amylose-extender locus of maize: effects on the levels of starch branching enzymes. AB - Soluble starch branching enzymes and starch synthases from maize kernels of differing dosage of the ae locus were purified by DEAE-cellulose chromatography. A near-linear relationship between increasing dosage of the dominate amylose extender allele (Ae) and branching enzyme IIb activity was found. In contrast, levels and properties of branching enzymes I and IIa, as well as the citrate stimulated and primer-requiring starch synthases, remained unchanged. The near linear increase in branching enzyme IIb activity with increasing doses of the Ae allele is consistent with the hypothesis that ae is the structural gene coding for branching enzyme IIb. PMID- 6214252 TI - Detection of monoclonal antibody to high-mobility-group protein 17 from chick oviduct. AB - Total chromosomal HMG (high-mobility-group) proteins have been isolated from oestrogen-stimulated chick oviduct. The antibodies against these proteins were induced in mice and subsequently their spleen cells were fused with myeloma cells to form hybridomas. A highly purified HMG protein, 17, was used to select for the hybridomas that produce antibody against HMG protein 17. The hybridomas were cultured and injected into mice to produce ascites. The antibody against HMG protein 17 in the IgG (immunoglobulin G) fraction of the ascites fluid was obtained by Protein A-Sepharose column chromatography. We have devised a solid phase radioimmunoassay and enzyme-linked serological assay for the detection and characterization of this antibody directed against HMG protein 17. This anti-(HMG protein 17) IgG interacted only with HMG protein 17, but not with other chromosomal proteins, e.g. histone H1, "95K protein' (a chick oviduct-specific chromosomal protein) and HMG proteins 1, 2 and 14. The monospecific nature of this anti-(HMG protein 17) IgG fraction is confirmed. PMID- 6214254 TI - Solubilization of beta-glucan synthases from the membranes of cultured ryegrass endosperm cells. AB - beta-Glucan synthases were solubilized by treating membrane preparations from suspension-cultured ryegrass (lolium multiflorum) endosperm cells with detergents. Of the seven detergents tested only digitonin and octyl glucoside dissociated active synthases from the membranes. The digitonin-solubilized enzymes produced 1,4-beta-glucans and 1,3:1,4-beta-glucans, whereas the digitonin insoluble enzymes produced, in addition, 1,3-beta-glucans. Chromatography of the digitonin-solubilized beta-glucan synthases on DEAE-Sepharose resulted in their partial purification. The octyl glucoside-solubilized enzymes produced more 1,3 beta-glucans than did the membrane-bound preparations. These results suggest that the 1,3-beta-glucan synthase is a separate enzyme and is not involved in 1,3:1,4 beta-glucan synthesis. Digitonin not only dissociated synthases from the membranes, but also stimulated synthase activity. This effect may be related to the inhibition by digitonin of glucosyl transfer from UDP-glucose to form steryl glucosides. PMID- 6214253 TI - Polymorphism of myosin light chains. An electrophoretic and immunological study of rabbit skeletal-muscle myosins. AB - Antibodies specific for rabbit fast-twitch-muscle myosin LCIF light chain were purified by affinity chromatography and characterized by both non-competitive and competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and a gel-electrophoresis derived assay (GEDELISA). The antibodies did not cross-react with myosin heavy chains, and were weakly cross-reactive with the LC2F [5,5'-dithio-(2-nitrobenzoic acid)-dissociated] light chain and with all classes of dissociated light chains (LC1Sa, LC1Sb and LC2S), as well as with the whole myosin, from hind-limb slow twitch muscle. The immunoreactivity of myosins with a truly mixed light-chain pattern (e.g. vastus lateralis and gastrocnemius) correlated with percentage content of fast-twitch-muscle-type light chains. A more extensive immunoreactivity was observed with diaphragm and masseter myosins, which were also characterized, respectively, by a relative or absolute deficiency of LC1Sa light chain. Furthermore, it was found that the LC1Sb light chain of masseter myosin is antigenically different from its slow-twitch-muscle myosin analogue, and is immunologically related to the LC1F light chain. Rabbit masseter muscle from its metabolic and physiological properties and the content, activity and immunological properties of sarcoplasmic-reticulum adenosine triphosphatase, is classified as a red, predominantly fast-twitch, muscle. Therefore our results suggest that the two antigenically different iso-forms of LC1Sb light chain are associated with the myosins of fast-twitch red and slow-twitch red fibres respectively. PMID- 6214255 TI - Characterization of Neurospora crassa catabolic dehydroquinase purified from N. crassa and Escherichia coli. AB - 1. Neurospora crassa catabolic dehydroquinase has been purified from N. crassa and Escherichia coli. 2. Protein-sequence and gel-electrophoretic data show that apparently pure, homogeneous native dehydroquinase is a mixture of intact and proteinase-cleaved enzyme monomers. 3. Protein-sequence data and steady-state kinetics show that the catabolic dehydroquinase gene of N. crassa is expressed with fidelity in E. coli. PMID- 6214256 TI - Monosaccharide transport into lactating-rat mammary acini. AB - The uptake and release of 3-O-methyl-D-[3H]glucose at 37 degrees C by acini, prepared from lactating-rat mammary gland with collagenase, was inhibited by glucose, phloretin, cytochalasin B, HgCl2 and low temperature. Uptake and phosphorylation of 2-deoxy-D-[3H]glucose, studied in greater detail, could be ascribed to a specific, saturable, inhibitable, process of apparent Km 16 mM and Vmax. approx. 56 nmol/min per mg of protein, plus a non-specific, non-inhibitable process that was monitored with [14C]fructose. The mean rate of uptake of 5 mM-2 deoxyglucose (16 nmol/min per mg of protein) was similar to the rate of consumption of 5 mM-glucose, suggesting that transport was a rate-limiting step in the overall metabolism of glucose. This accords with evidence for a glucose gradient across the plasma membrane. PMID- 6214257 TI - Erythrocyte glycolysis: stimulation by nalidixic acid. PMID- 6214258 TI - Procedure for low-speed isolation of rat and human skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum. PMID- 6214259 TI - Titration of the nucleotide binding sites of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ -ATPase with 2',3'-O-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl) adenosine 5'-triphosphate and 5'-diphosphate. PMID- 6214260 TI - Reference sera for antinuclear antibodies. I. Antibodies to native DNA, Sm, nuclear RNP, and SS-B/La. PMID- 6214261 TI - Prior gold therapy does not influence the adverse effects of D-penicillamine in rheumatoid arthritis. AB - One hundred fourteen patients with definite or classic rheumatoid arthritis were followed prospectively between January 1976 and April 1981 to monitor their toxicity pattern to D-penicillamine. The influence of previous sodium aurothiomalate therapy on the toxicity pattern of D-penicillamine is described. There was no significant difference in overall outcome of the patients treated with D-penicillamine with respect to adverse effects, whether they had previous gold toxicity, previous gold therapy but no toxicity, or no previous gold therapy. The time from gold toxicity to the start of D-penicillamine therapy was greater in those who did not develop D-penicillamine toxicity compared with those who did. This difference just reached statistical significance. Total gold salt received had no effect on eventual outcome of D-penicillamine treatment, and the toxicity pattern of D-penicillamine in those patients who had previous gold therapy was similar to those patients who had never received gold therapy. PMID- 6214262 TI - [Antibacterial activity of N-formimidoyl-thienamycin in comparison with other beta-lactam antibiotics against clinical problem strains (author's transl)]. AB - The efficacy of N-formimidoyl-thienamycin (MK 0787) has been tested against 549 cultures of different species, which often cause therapeutic problems. Included were 286 mezlocillin-resistant strains, 100 Serratia marcescens and 66 Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The minimal inhibitory concentration ranged between 0.06 and 4 micrograms/ml by means of the agar-dilution-method. Resistant strains were not observed. Among the 11 beta-lactam- and aminoglycoside-antibiotics tested N formimidoyl-thienamycin was the most effective with the broadest spectrum. PMID- 6214263 TI - Pharmacological and toxicological studies of a new antitumor polysaccharide, schizophyllan. PMID- 6214264 TI - Diverging effects of cholestyramine on apolipoprotein B and lipoprotein Lp(a). A dose-response study of the effects of cholestyramine in hypercholesterolaemia. AB - Nineteen hypercholesterolaemic patients were randomly treated with either 16 or 8 g cholestyramine with a changeover after 6 weeks for a second 6-week period. During a third consecutive 6-week period all patients received 4 g cholestyramine daily. The low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations decreased significantly (- 11%, - 21% and - 26% for LDL cholesterol on 4, 8 and 16 g, respectively) with a dose-response effect. However, the increase from 8 g to 16 g only caused a modest additional reduction of the lipid levels. The serum concentration of apolipoprotein (apo) B was correlated to the LDL cholesterol and decreased similarly in a dose-response fashion. However, the average reduction of apo B was less pronounced (- 4%, - 13% and - 17% on 4, 8 and 16 g of cholestyramine, respectively) resulting in a significant change of the apo B/LDL cholesterol ratio during treatment. There was a significant increase of the high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol concentration, which was similar at all dose levels. Also, the apo A-I concentration in serum increased significantly but the relative decrease was less pronounced than that of HDL cholesterol, causing a significant decrease of the apo A-I/HDL cholesterol ratio. The apo A-II concentration in serum was unchanged or slightly decreased and the apo A-I/apo A-II ratio increased significantly. PMID- 6214265 TI - Geography and dental caries. PMID- 6214266 TI - Contact allergy, the dental surgeon and his patient. PMID- 6214267 TI - Mucocutaneous manifestations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) poisoning: a study of 122 cases in Taiwan. PMID- 6214268 TI - 4-hydroperoxycyclophosphamide: a model for eliminating residual human tumour cells and T-lymphocytes from the bone marrow graft. AB - Autologous bone marrow transplantation in acute leukaemia carries the risk of relapse from reinfusion of tumour cells present in marrow collected in remission and cryopreserved. An effective method for clearing marrow of tumour cells is required for a successful outcome. In the animal model 4 hydroperoxycyclophosphamide (4-HC) has proved to be effective in eliminating tumour cells from an autologous marrow graft. In the present studies, the in vitro effect of short- and long-term marrow cell incubation with 4-HC on haemopoietic stem cells was investigated to determine the maximum concentration of 4-HC that can be used for in vitro incubation without destroying the capacity of the marrow to effect complete haematological recovery as judged by residual CFUc content. However, loss of CFUc may not necessarily parallel survival of pluripotential stem cells. 4-HC was also shown to be effective against peripheral T-lymphocytes. Its possible therapeutic use in preventing or ameliorating graft versus-host disease in allogeneic marrow grafts by preincubation with 4-HC prior to transplantation is discussed. PMID- 6214269 TI - Structural effects of substrate utilization on the adenosinetriphosphatase chains of sarcoplasmic reticulum. AB - Addition of ATP to suspensions of fragmented sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) containing low concentrations of a detergent that does not by itself produce major vesicular disruption is followed by a transient reduction in turbidity accompanied by solubilization of the vesicles. The effect of ATP is Ca2+ dependent and proceeds in parallel with utilization of the nucleotide as a substrate for the SR ATPase. Analogous effects are observed with other substrates producing enzyme phosphorylation at the catalytic site. The effect of ATP can also be detected in studies of fluorescence energy transfer between enzyme chains, by using the technique of Vanderkooi et al. [Vanderkooi, J., Ierokomas, A., Nakamura, H., & Martonosi, A. (1977) Biochemistry 16, 1262]. For this purpose, ATPase chains are labeled separately with N-(iodoacetyl)-N'-(5-sulfo-1 naphthyl)ethylenediamine (IAEDANS) and 6-(iodoacetamido) fluorescein (IAF). Samples of vesicles uniformly labeled with either IAEDANS or IAF, mixtures of two populations of vesicles uniformly labeled with either fluorophore, and vesicles containing randomized chains labeled with either fluorophore are used as experimental systems. In the last system, significant energy transfer from IAEDANS (donor) to IAF (acceptor) is revealed by fluorescence spectra and measurements of donor fluorescence intensity and lifetime. This is attributed to close interactions between ATPase chains within the membrane bilayer. It is then found that in the presence of low detergent concentrations, ATP changes the extent of energy transfer between labeled ATPase chains, consistent with destabilization of the interaction of chains. The observed effects are attributed to a reversible structural transition concomitant with enzyme phosphorylation and related to catalytic and transport function. PMID- 6214270 TI - Mechanism for catalysis and regulation of adenosine 5'-triphosphate hydrolysis by chloroplast coupling factor 1. PMID- 6214271 TI - Mechanism of phosphorylation catalyzed by chloroplast coupling factor 1. Stereochemistry. AB - The reaction mechanism and substrate specificity of soluble chloroplast coupling factor 1 (CF1) from spinach were determined by using the purified isomers of chromium-nucleotide complexes either as substrates for the enzyme or as inhibitors of the Ca2+-dependent ATPase activity. The isolation of CrADP( [32P]Pi) formed upon the addition of the enzyme to [32P]Pi and lambda-bidentate CrADP and the observation that the lambda-bidentate CrADP epimer was 20-fold more effective in inhibiting the Ca2+-dependent ATPase activity than was the delta epimer suggest that the substrate of phosphorylation catalyzed by CF1 is the lambda-bidentate metal ADP epimer. Tridentate CrATP was hydrolyzed by soluble CF1 to CrADP(Pi) at an initial rate of 3.2 mumol (mg of CF1)-1 min-1, indicating that the tridentate metal ATP is the substrate for ATP hydrolysis. From these results a mechanism for the phosphorylation of ADP catalyzed by coupling factor 1 is proposed whereby the bidentate metal ADP isomer associates with the enzyme, phosphate inserts into the coordination sphere of the metal, and the oxygen of the beta-phosphate of ADP attacks the inorganic phosphate by an SN2 type reaction. The resulting product is the tridentate ATP ligand. PMID- 6214272 TI - Fluorescence anisotropy of labeled F-actin: influence of divalent cations on the interaction between F-actin and myosin heads. AB - The interaction between F-actin and soluble proteolytic fragments of myosin, heavy meromyosin and myosin subfragment 1 without ATP, has been studied by measuring the static anisotropy and the transient anisotropy decay of the fluorescent chromophore N-(iodoacetyl)-N'-(5-sulfo-1-naphthyl) ethylenediamine bound to F-actin. In the presence of Ca2+ ions, the mobility of the chromophore was strongly decreased by adding heavy meromyosin or myosin subfragment 1, and this conformation change of F-actin showed a strong cooperativity; that is, a very small amount of myosin heads induced the maximum anisotropy change. On the other hand, in the presence of Mg2+ ions, the addition of a small amount of myosin subfragment 1 or of heavy meromyosin increased the mobility of labeled F actin that reached a maximum at a molar ratio of about 1/25 or 1/50, respectively. With further addition of myosin heads, the mobility of the labeled actin decreased. From these studies, one concludes that F-actin undergoes a conformation change by interacting with myosin heads, which depends on the nature of the divalent cations present in the solution. PMID- 6214273 TI - Light-induced free-radical reactions of purines and pyrimidines in deoxyribonucleic acid. Effect of structure and base sequence on reactivity. PMID- 6214274 TI - Spontaneous aggregation of the mitochondrial natural ATPase inhibitor in salt solutions as demonstrated by gel filtration and neutron scattering. Application to the concomitant purification of the ATPase inhibitor and F1-ATPase. AB - (1) The natural ATPase inhibitor (IF1) from beef heart mitochondria has a tendency to form aggregates in aqueous solutions. The extent of aggregation and the structure of the aggregates were assessed by gel filtration and small-angle neutron scattering. IF1 polymerization was found to depend on the salt concentrations, pH of the medium and concentration of IF1. The higher the salt concentration, the lower the aggregation state. Aggregation of IF1 was decreased at slightly acidic pH. It increased with the concentration of IF1 as expected from the law of mass action. (2) Neutron scattering showed the aggregation of IF1 in 2 M ammonium sulfate solutions. The predominant species is the dimer which has a somewhat elongated shape. (3) The Sephadex G-50 chromatography that is supposed to deprive beef heart submitochondrial particles of loosely bound IF1 (Racker, E. and Horstman, L.L. (1967) J. Biol. Chem. 242, 2547-2551) was shown to have a limited effectiveness as a trap for IF1. The reason was that IF1 released from the particles formed high molecular weight aggregates that were not separated from the membrane vesicles by Sephadex G-50 chromatography. (4) The above observations provide the basis for a simple method of purification of beef heart IF1 which combines the recovery of the supernatant from submitochondrial particles with the last three steps of the IF1 preparation described by Horstman and Racker (J. Biol. Chem. (1970) 265, 1336-1344). The particles recovered in the sediment were deprived of IF1 and could therefore be used for preparation of F1 ATPase. The advantage of this method is that both IF1 and F1-ATPase can be prepared from the same batch of mitochondria. PMID- 6214275 TI - Hydrolysis of ITP generates a membrane potential in submitochondrial particles. AB - ITP hydrolysis catalysed by the ATPase of submitochondrial particles from both bovine heart and rat liver is shown to be linked to the generation of a membrane potential, and therefore also to proton translocation. The magnitude of the membrane potential is similar to that observed during ATP hydrolysis at equivalent concentrations of phosphate and nucleoside tri- and diphosphates. An explanation is suggested for why in other reports ITP was found to be a poor substrate for supporting energy-linked reactions that are driven by the membrane potential. PMID- 6214276 TI - Substrate specificity of the erythrocyte Ca2+-ATPase. AB - In the absence of Mg2+, the observed activity of the erythrocyte plasma membrane Ca2+-ATPase is due to the hydrolysis of CaATP at a low rate. In the presence of Mg2+, the activity of the enzyme is much higher, but it is inhibited by high levels of free Mg2+. This inhibition appears to be due to competition of Mg2+ and Ca2+ for a site on the enzyme, rather than for ATP. PMID- 6214278 TI - The phosphorylation-dephosphorylation process as a myosin-linked regulation of superprecipitation of fast skeletal muscle actomyosin. AB - The dependence of the onset and course of turbidity changes ( superprecipitation) induced by ATP were studied in a natural actomyosin suspension with the dephosphorylated and phosphorylated forms of light chains (LC2) of myosin. It was found that the onset and time course of the changes in turbidity of the natural actomyosin suspension are strongly dependent on the (phosphorylated and dephosphorylated) form of these chains of myosin. The ATPase activity of actomyosin with phosphorylated LC2 was lower and the half-time for achieving maximal turbidity of actomyosin suspension after addition of ATP was higher than that of actomyosin with dephosphorylated LC2. Natural actomyosin preparations contain endogenous light-chain kinase and phosphatase. The changes of turbidity induced by ATP in the natural actomyosin suspension are greatly diminished in the presence of phosphate. Thiophosphorylation of LC2 of myosin leads to a decrease of the extent of superprecipitation of natural actomyosin. The release of [32P]phosphate from actomyosin containing [32P]ATP-phosphorylated LC2 of myosin increases with increased turbidity of actomyosin suspension. The change of the form LC2 as a kind of additional myosin-linked regulation of superprecipitation is discussed. PMID- 6214277 TI - ATP-dependent calcium transport and its correlation with Ca2+ -ATPase activity in basolateral plasma membranes of rat duodenum. AB - Isolated basolateral plasma membrane vesicles from rat duodenum epithelial cells exhibit ATP-dependent calcium-accumulation and Ca2+ -dependent ATPase activity. Calcium accumulation stimulated by ATP is prevented by the calcium ionophore A23187, inhibited 80% by 0.1 mM orthovanadate but is not effected by oligomycin. Calcium accumulation is not observed with the substrate beta-gamma-(CH2)-ATP, ADP and p-nitrophenyl phosphate. Kinetic studies reveal an apparent Km of 0.2 microM Ca2+ and a Vmax of 5.3 nmol Ca2+/min per mg protein for the ATP-dependent calcium uptake system. Calmodulin and phenothiazines have no effect on calcium accumulation in freshly prepared membranes, but small effects are inducible after a wash with a 5 mM EGTA. The kinetic parameters of Ca2+ -ATPase are: Km = 0.25 microM Ca2+ and Vmax = 19.2 nmol Pi/min per mg protein. Three techniques, osmotic shock, treatment with Triton X-100 or the channel-forming peptide alamethicin, reveal that about 40% of the vesicles are resealed. Assuming that half of the resealed vesicles have an inside-out orientation, the Vmax of ATP-dependent calcium uptake amounts to 25 nmol Ca2+/min per mg protein and of the Ca2+ -ATPase to 23 nmol Pi/min per mg protein. The close correlation between kinetic parameters of Ca2+ -ATPase and ATP-dependent calcium-transport strongly suggests that both systems are expressions of a Ca2+ -pump located in duodenal basolateral plasma membranes. PMID- 6214279 TI - Studies on the kinetics of plasminogen activation by tissue plasminogen activator. AB - The steady-state rate of plasminogen activation by tissue plasminogen activator has been determined at various plasminogen concentrations. A plasmin substrate method similar to that presented by Christensen and Mullertz (Biochim. Biophys. Acta 480 (1977) 257-281) was used. The reaction was studied using one-chain type and two-chain type tissue plasminogen activator, N-terminal glutamic acid and N terminal lysine plasminogen in the presence and in the absence of fibrin (eight studies). The kinetic data were fitted to a general Wong-Hanes equation and the simplest equation with significant parameters was found. In the absence of fibrin N-terminal glutamic acid plasminogen activation obeyed the Michaelis-Menten rate equation (Km 4.9 and 7.6 micro M and kcat 0.0013 and 0.0078 s-1 for one-chain type and two-chain type tissue plasminogen activator, respectively. In the absence of fibrin the activation of N-terminal lysine plasminogen activation failed to obey the Michaelis-Menten rate equation. Fibrin was found to stimulate greatly (up to 1000-fold) the steady-state activation rate. A theory for the fibrin stimulating mechanism is presented. PMID- 6214280 TI - Circular dichroism studies on alpha 2-antiplasmin and its interactions with plasmin and plasminogen. AB - Spectropolarimetric studies of alpha 2-antiplasmin in the far ultraviolet region indicates a content of 16% alpha-helix, 18% beta-structure and 66% random coil. Two of its three disulphide bridges are reduced under non-denaturing conditions without major changes in conformation of functionality. Cleavage of the third disulphide bridge requires denaturing agents and is accompanied by complete loss of activity. The interaction of alpha 2-antiplasmin with plasminogen or fragments derived from plasminogen by elastase digestion has been studied by circular dichroism analysis in the near ultravoilet region. The results indicate that the fragment of plasminogen constituting the three NH2-terminal triple-loop structures contains at least two lysine-binding sites: one with high affinity and one with low affinity. One of these sites, probably the high-affinity site, is involved in the interaction with alpha 2-antiplasmin. This site seems also to be exposed in the intact plasminogen molecule. The formation of the stable complex between plasmin (EC 3.4.21.7) and alpha 2-antiplasmin is also accompanied by conformational changes. PMID- 6214281 TI - 6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha, prostaglandins E2, F2 alpha and thromboxane B2 production by endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts cultured from piglet aorta. AB - After [3H]arachidonic acid labeling, cyclooxygenase products were qualitatively analysed in the media of each cultured vascular cell type by reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography (rp-HPLC). The prostaglandin E2, prostaglandin F2 alpha, 6-ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha and thromboxane B2 detected in the rp-HPLC radioactive profile were then quantified by radioimmunoassay (RIA) in separate sets of experiments. In preconfluent endothelial cells prostaglandin F2 alpha and 6-ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha were detected in equal amounts (49%), whereas after confluence 6-ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha represented 57% of total secretion (P less than 0.05). Smooth muscle cells secreted mainly prostaglandin F2 alpha (48%) and fibroblasts prostaglandin E2 (44%). Using the bioassay method, antiaggregatory activity was detected only in endothelial cells, though a small percentage of immunoreactive 6-ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha was encountered in smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts (13 and 10%, respectively). Radioimmunological analysis after rp-HPLC separation of the medium of endothelial cells showed that the anti-6-ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha antibody recognized, among other substances, an unidentified compound. Its retention time was similar to that of prostaglandin F2 alpha. This unidentified compound was not detected in the media from smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts. PMID- 6214282 TI - Modification of low density lipoprotein metabolism by growth factors in cultured vascular cells and human skin fibroblasts. Dependence upon duration of exposure. AB - The influences of specific growth factors upon binding, internalization and degradation of low density lipoproteins (LDL) were investigated in cultured vascular smooth muscle cells and skin fibroblasts. Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and fibroblast growth factor (FGF) significantly stimulated the binding of LDL to high affinity receptors of smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts. The effects of enhanced binding were reflected in elevated rates in internalization and degradation of LDL. FGF and PDGF elicited a mitogenic response as measured by [3H]thymidine autoradiography, indicating that altered LDL metabolism was associated with entry into the cell cycle. When fibroblasts were exposed to mitogen for periods long enough to commit the cells to the growth cycle, after which growth factor was removed before addition of LDL however, enhanced LDL binding to cycling fibroblasts appeared to be dependent upon the length of the period of exposure to growth factors in the early part of the cell cycle. LDL binding was stimulated in the presence of PDGF or FGF but not after their removal within 8 h of entry into the cell cycle. Exposure to the growth factors for 16 h or longer resulted in stimulation of LDL metabolism whether or not mitogens were present at the cell surface. PDGF and FGF, therefore, appear to exert a direct influence upon LDL receptor expression in addition to that mediated via the cell cycle. PMID- 6214283 TI - [Effects of Ca2+-ATPase substrates on the kinetic properties of SH-groups from the sarcoplasmic reticulum]. AB - The effects of ATP, GTP, ITP, UTP, CTP, AcP, pNPP and ADP on the kinetic properties of SH-groups of Ca2+-ATPase from sarcoplasmic reticulum were studied. Among the substrates used only ATP and ADP changed the reactivity of SH-groups of the enzyme; the effects of Ca2+ and Mg2+ in this process were investigated. Inactivation of Ca2+-ATPase by NBD-chloride was performed. In the presence of high concentrations of ATP and ADP the enzyme inactivation was correlated with modification of fast SH-groups. Two different values of apparent Kd found for the interaction of ATP and ADP with the enzyme suggest that SR preparations contain two types of substrate binding sites. The data obtained are discussed within the framework of a scheme according to which Ca2+-ATPase functions in SR membranes as an oligomeric complex. PMID- 6214284 TI - [Damage to the chloroplast H+-ATPase complex by low concentrations of glutaraldehyde]. AB - The energy-dependent processes coupled to electron transport were studied in isolated pea chloroplasts treated with low concentrations (1-5 mM) of glutaraldehyde (GA) in the dark and in the light sufficient to cause energization of the membrane. After GA treatment the chloroplasts exhibited a strong suppression of cyclic and non-cyclic phosphorylation, coupled (+ADP+Pi) electron transport and diminution of the light-activated Mg2+-ATPase activity. The rate of basal electron transport was unaffected. The GA-treated chloroplasts were found to retain the capacity to form the osmotic component of the transmembrane potential. These data and the results of the effect of florizine and ATP on electron transport suggest that the effect of GA on energy transduction processes associated with photophosphorylation may consist in its action on reversible H+ ATPase. In light-adapted samples treated with GA the data characterizing the formation of a high energy state (rate of photophosphorylation, steady-state level of photo-induced quenching of atebrin fluorescence and its dark recovery; photo-induced absorbance changes at 520 nm; rate of the slow phase of delayed fluorescence increment) appear to be changed to a greater extent as compared to the dark-adapted samples. The observed changes may arise from a greater conductivity of thylakoid membranes due to fixation of the H+-ATPase proton channel in the "open" state. PMID- 6214285 TI - [The role of SH-groups in the development sensitivity of ATPase in plasma membranes of plant cells to ions]. AB - The effects of the SH-groups binding agent p-chloromercurybenzoate (rho CMB) and the SH-containing compounds dithiothreitol (DTT), beta-mercaptoethanol (ME) and reduced glutathione (GSH) on activation by Mg2+ and K+ of ATPase in plasma membrane preparations from corn sprout root cells were studied. Rho CMB inhibited the ATPase activity, the degree of inhibition being directly dependent on the increase of the inhibitor concentration (from 10(-6) up to 10(-4) M); the inhibition was eliminated by the SH-containing agents (25 mM). DTT and ME added to the homogenization medium and ME added to the reaction mixture produced different effects on the ATPase activity of the membranes depending on the nature of the cations added. In the absence of the additives the ATPase activity was somewhat decreased, showing a sharp rise in the presence of Mg2+; an addition of K+ to a Mg2+-containing medium further increased the enzyme activity. GSH had no effect on the ATPase activation by the cations. PMID- 6214286 TI - [Affinity modification of heavy meromyosin and subfragment 1 by mixed anhydrides of [14C] AMP, epsilon AMP and mesitylene carboxylic acid]. AB - Using mixed anhydride of AMP and mesitylene carboxylic acid carrying a fluorescent or radioactive label, it was found that the previously established irreversible inhibition of myosin ATPase is a result of protein covalent binding to the nucleotide residue of the inhibitor. The stoichiometry of the affinity labelling of heavy meromyosin is 1 mole of nucleotide residue of mixed anhydride per 1 mole of protein, that of subfragment 1-0.5 mole per 1 mole of protein. The lack of irreversible inhibition of the ATPase activity of subfragment 1 is suggestive of an existence of a regulatory substrate-binding site in the myosin molecule. PMID- 6214287 TI - [ATPase activity and ATP-dependent accumulation of Ca2+ in skeletal muscle nuclei. Effects of denervation and electric stimulation]. AB - The dependence of the ATPase activity of skeletal muscle nuclei on divalent cations was studied. An addition of Ca2+ significantly increased the activity of nuclear ATPase. Mg2+ exerted an activating effect in the presence of 10(-5) M Ca2+ and an inhibiting effect in the presence of 2 x 10(-3) M Ca2+. Predominant localization of Ca-ATPase in the nucleoli and in the internal nuclear envelope was demonstrated by an electron microscopic histochemical technique. ATP increased the uptake of 45Ca by muscle nuclei; the optimal conditions for this incorporation were established. The changes in Ca-ATPase activities and in the ATP-dependent uptake of 45Ca induced by denervation and electric stimulation were found to be synchronous and unidirectional. PMID- 6214288 TI - Effect of infections on the degradation of polyethylene terephthalate implants. AB - The macrokinetics of degradation of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) protheses removed from patients were investigated. Two types of protheses were analysed in dependance on polymer environment: 15 patients were characterized as normal, with post-operation periods of 1-10 years and 7 patients were operated at different times after implantation having a bacterial environment around the implants. The tensile strengths, surface morphology and molecular mass of these samples were compared. The macrokinetics of the PET degradation have been described. The presence of bacteria characterized by acid pH accelerates the loss of tensile strength and molecular mass in the PET corresponding to the mechanism of the polymer matrix destruction. The protheses not subjected to infection have been degraded on the surface. The experimental values of the rate constant may be used for lifetime prediction of the polymer implants in the human body under different conditions. PMID- 6214289 TI - [Immunomorphological analysis of G2-chalone localization during the process of rat epidermis histogenesis]. AB - The appearance of G2-chalone in the cytoplasm of the intermediate cell layer and partly in the periderm of 17-day-old rat embryo epidermis has been demonstrated by the indirect method of Coons using a monospecific antiserum. G2-chalone was absent from the basal cell layer of 17--21-day-old embryos and of the newborn rats. It was found in all the epidermal layers in 2--5-day-old postnatal rats, while in 6--9-day-old animals it was primarily detected in the cytoplasm of spinous and basal cells. Thus the localization of epidermal G2-chalone typical for defined tissue becomes stabilized at the end of epidermis histogenesis. PMID- 6214290 TI - [Characteristics of the secretory apparatus of memory T-cells]. AB - It has been shown that by day 7--8 of cultivation, large lymphocytes and lymphoblasts disappear, the DNA synthesis and cytolytic activity decrease in lymphocyte suspension enriched with a fraction of lymphoblasts obtained on the 5th day of mixed lymphocyte culture. The cytoplasm of medium-size and small lymphocytes adsorbed on the surface of target-cells manifests no signs of secretion: there are no tubular structures or rough reticulum, the Golgi complex is underdeveloped. It is suggested that there is a relationship between the secretory apparatus and cytolytic activity of T-killers. PMID- 6214291 TI - Human SS red cell rheological behavior in the microcirculation of cremaster muscle. AB - The hemodynamic behavior of Hb SS erythrocytes introduced into the microcirculation of cremaster muscle (rat and mouse) was studied by intravital microscopy. Simultaneous measurements of intravascular pressure, pressure drop, red cell velocity, hematocrit and oxygen tensions were made to evaluate both regional resistance (arteriovenous) from 2nd order arterioles to venules, as well as the resistance to blood flow in single unbranched arterioles. Following the isovolemic exchange of 2 to 3 blood volumes with SS cells at 25% hematocrit, regional resistance remained within 20% of its control value due to compensatory vasodilation and shunting of blood through pathways parallel to capillaries occluded by sickled red cells. Prolonged exposure to circulating SS cells resulted in a degradation of microvascular function with an attendant four-fold rise in regional resistance. Transient resistance measurements during the passage of a bolus of SS cells through the cremasteric network demonstrated a 100% increase in regional resistance, which was rapidly abated by the subsequent SS cell washout and capillary recruitment. Computations of apparent viscosity in single unbranched arterioles (nominal diameter of 45 micrometer) revealed a four fold rise in viscosity following the reduction in intravascular oxygen tension (PO2) from 40 mm HG to 7 mm Hg. Observations on the transient increase in viscosity concomitant with a rapid decrease in PO2, demonstrated a lag time of 2 to 3 s before the elevation of viscosity. To enhance the visualization of these processes, techniques for the fluorescent labelling of Hb SS cells with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) were applied. Visual observations of the movement of SS-FITC red cells by fluorescence microscopy readily revealed the sequestration of sickled cells at the junction between 10 micrometer transverse arterioles and the smaller true capillaries, and the shunting of labelled cells around obstructed capillaries. PMID- 6214292 TI - [Significance of the heat of striated muscle contraction]. PMID- 6214294 TI - Bone-marrow transplantation for severe aplastic anaemia using histocompatible unrelated volunteer donors. AB - Two patients with severe aplastic anaemia received bone-marrow transplants from unrelated donors selected for HLA compatibility. Graft-versus-host disease occurred in both patients but responded to treatment. Both patients had stormy courses after grafting, but subsequently their conditions improved, and one was not receiving any treatment at follow-up after day 330 while the other had mild chronic graft-versus-host disease at day 150. These results show that unrelated, histocompatible volunteers may successfully donate marrow for the treatment of severe aplastic anaemia, though many problems remain to be solved. PMID- 6214293 TI - Severe mental handicap: pathogenesis, treatment, and prevention. PMID- 6214295 TI - Acne, hormones, and treatment. PMID- 6214296 TI - Adverse reaction to ipratropium bromide. PMID- 6214297 TI - Managing suicidal insulin overdose. PMID- 6214298 TI - Serotonergic excitation from dorsal raphe stimulation recorded intracellularly from rat caudate-putamen. AB - Similar to other afferents to rat caudate-putamen, stimulation of the dorsal raphe nucleus evokes a series of 3 responses which can be recorded intracellularly. An initial depolarization is followed by a long-lasting inhibition which is, in turn, terminated by another period of depolarization. Pharmacological manipulations demonstrate that the initial depolarizing potential is serotonergic. Depletion of serotonin by means of prior treatment with para chlorophenylalanine leads to a reduction in the amplitude of the depolarization which can be evoked by maximal stimulation of dorsal raphe. Neither the long lasting hyperpolarization nor the late excitation which follow the initial depolarization is affected. Replacement of serotonin in levels by injection of 5 hydroxytryptophan results in a restoration of the amplitude of the depolarizing response. The latency of the initial depolarization is, however, unchanged in serotonin-depleted animals. This together with the observation in some cells of a component of the initial depolarization resistant to para-chlorophenylalanine treatment, suggests that there is a non-serotonergic excitation which precedes that mediated by serotonin. PMID- 6214299 TI - Huntington's disease: changes in striatal proteins reflect astrocytic gliosis. AB - Huntington's disease is an autosomal dominant neuronal degeneration characterized by age-related neuronal loss principally affecting caudate and putamen and, to a lesser extent, cerebral cortex. In order to identify selective polypeptide alterations in HD brain, we analyzed unfractionated homogenates and purified neuronal perikarya from striatum and cortex of 12 control and 14 HD brains by gel electrophoresis and immunochemical techniques. SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) revealed a 3- to 8-fold increase in a 50,000 MW (50K) protein in HD striatal homogenates. Neuronal fractions isolated from the same tissue almost never showed this change. In cortex, 50 K protein was either normal or minimally increased. The increase at 50 K in striatal homogenates was often associated with variable increases of proteins at 40 K and 43 K. No other consistent polypeptide changes in HD brain tissue were found by one-dimensional SDS-PAGE. The increased 40 K protein in HD striatum extracts showed a strong immunoprecipitant line with an antiserum to GFA. This antiserum also produced greater immunofluorescent staining of HD than control striatum. Direct immunostaining of polypeptides in gels demonstrated selective staining of the 50 K, 43 K and 40 K proteins in HD striatum. The pattern was highly similar to that reported by Dahl et al. 6 for glial filament preparations that underwent postmortem proteolysis. We conclude that these polypeptide changes are related to increased glial filaments in affected HD tissue, and that similar protein changes reported in other human neuronal degenerations also reflect secondary astrocytic gliosis rather than the primary gene product. PMID- 6214300 TI - Catecholamines and serotonin in rat frontal cortex after PCPA and 6-OHDA: absolute amounts and ratios. AB - The catecholamines dopamine, epinephrine and norepinephrine, as well as the indoleamine serotonin were measured using radioenzymatic assays, in the frontal cortex of normal rats and of rats in which serotonin synthesis had been inhibited with p-chlorophenylalanine. Besides serotonin, norepinephrine levels were significantly reduced, thus changing the monoamine ratios. To further evaluate these changes, two models of catecholaminergic deafferentation were analyzed, i.e., the massive catecholamine depletion induced by intraventricular 6-OHDA and the more selective norepinephrine deafferentation, obtained by microinjecting 6 OHDA in the dorsal noradrenergic bundle. The results are interpreted in relation to the functional interactions between the catecholamines and between the catecholamines and serotonin. PMID- 6214301 TI - A new approach to antibiotic therapy in colon surgery based on bioassay tissue concentrations. AB - The authors investigated the kinetics, in serum and tissues, of clindamycin, metronidazole, cefoxitin and moxalactam given during colon surgery in the dog. Colon, rectus muscle and subcutaneous fat samples were taken at times of maximal contamination during the initial operation and at a second operation, 9 days after the first, when septic complications were most likely to occur in the healing tissues. Bioassay was used to measure the amount of active antibiotics in serum and tissues. Clindamycin achieved therapeutic levels in all tissues except those of the fresh wound, thus making it a better therapeutic than prophylactic agent. Metronidazole achieved therapeutic levels in both fresh and healing tissues. Cefoxitin and moxalactam did not achieve adequate levels in either fresh or healing tissues. PMID- 6214302 TI - Peripheral arterial transluminal dilatation: early results. AB - Over a 3-year period, 275 transluminal dilatations were performed for the treatment of peripheral arterial occlusive disease. The results have been evaluated prospectively using radiologic, clinical and noninvasive criteria. The cumulative success rates for all dilatations were 63 +/- 4% (mean +/- 1 standard error) at 1 year and 53 +/- 5% at 2 years, but varied depending upon the site of the dilatation and the extent of the arteriosclerosis. The results are best in patients who have short, localized stenoses or occlusions, especially in the iliac arteries. PMID- 6214303 TI - Extensive neurofibromatosis of the abdominal wall, penis and scrotum. PMID- 6214304 TI - Vaccinations and the physically handicapped child. AB - The vaccination status of 98 physically handicapped children was examined to identify factors associated with an inadequate vaccination status. Of the 98 children, 57 had cerebral palsy, 14 had myelomeningocele, 3 had muscular dystrophy and 24 had myelomeningocele, 3 had muscular dystrophy and 24 had other motor disabilities. According to the available vaccination records, only 17 children had received all the recommended injections on schedule; 26 had missed at least one injection, and 3 of them had never been vaccinated. The overall rate of vaccination in our study group (63%) was lower than expected. The children with moderate to severe limitation of function due to cerebral palsy were significantly less likely (P less than 0.05) than those with less severe limitations to have received a basic series of vaccinations. Health departments must ensure that physically handicapped children receive the preventive health measures viewed normal and appropriate for other children. PMID- 6214306 TI - Aminoglutethimide-induced thrombocytopenia. PMID- 6214305 TI - Pharmacology of GABA. AB - GABA-ergic systems are involved in all the main functions of the brain. In most brain regions impairment of this system produces epileptic activity. GABA mediated inhibitory function can be enhanced by drugs of at least seven different types. They act on the metabolism or synaptic release of GABA, or its reuptake into neurones of glia, or on various components of the GABA receptor complex (GABA recognition site, "benzodiazepine" receptor or chloride ionophore). Among such compounds, those which act most specifically and potently on GABA receptors remain primarily research tools. Among compounds in clinical use, valproate, benzodiazepines, and anticonvulsant barbiturates al enhance GABA-mediated inhibition. In the future, new inhibitors of GABA uptake, new GABA agonists and potent inhibitors of GABA-transaminase are likely to become available. Trials of drugs enhancing GABA-ergic function have been made in a wide variety of neurological disorders. In most forms of epilepsy a therapeutic effect is evident. Real benefit from GABA therapies has not been demonstrated in the principal disorders of movement (Huntington's chorea, Parkinson's disease, dystonias), except in so far as they have a myoclonic or paroxysmal component. Among psychiatric disorders the acute symptoms of schizophrenia are exacerbated by enhanced GABA-ergic function. Abstinence syndromes (alcohol, barbiturate or narcotic withdrawal) are ameliorated by drugs enhancing GABA-ergic function, and there is some evidence for a beneficial action in anxiety states and mania. Attempts to relate the molecular neurobiology of GABA with clinical pharmacology are of very recent origin. Improved understanding of the variety of GABA receptor mechanisms will provide the key to the more selective pharmacological manipulations that are required for therapeutic success. PMID- 6214308 TI - Structural differences between beef-lung heparan sulphates with specific self associations. AB - Three, specifically self-associating variants of heparan sulphate (HS2-A, HS3-A, and HS4-A) from beef lung were subjected to (a) deaminative cleavage of bonds between 2-deoxy-2-sulphoaminoglucose and uronic acid and (b) periodate oxidation of glucuronic acid residues in fully N-acetylated block-regions. In addition, the periodate-oxidised and alkali-cleaved chains were re-oxidised with periodate to identify the glucuronic acid residues in the N-sulphate-containing regions. The results showed that HS2-A was distinguished by much longer (GlcA-GlcNAc)n segments than HS3-A and HS4-A. The latter two species were characterised by the structure of the variously N-acetyl- and N-sulphate-containing regions. In HS3-A, there was a significant contribution from segments composed of both N-acetylated and N-sulphated 2-amino-2-deoxyglucose residues. The N-sulphate-rich regions contained chiefly iduronic acid. In contrast, HS4-A had mixed or alternating arrangements of the two epimeric uronic acids in the N-sulphate-rich regions. These differences may be the basis for specific self-associations between heparan sulphate chains. PMID- 6214307 TI - Chemical features of aggregatable heparan sulphates from human-lung fibroblasts. AB - The ability of fibroblast heparan sulphate to aggregate was examined by affinity chromatography on agarose gels substituted with heparan sulphate variants from beef-lung tissue (designated HS2-A, HS3-A, and HS4-A) having different tendencies for association. Fibroblast heparan sulphate bound only to HS4-A agarose. The cell-derived material was subdivided into low-, medium-, and high-affinity species by affinity chromatography on HS4-A-agarose. High-affinity variants contained a larger proportion of chains of high molecular weight. Degradation of heparan sulphate by selective periodate-oxidation of glucuronate in regions rich in 2-acetamido-2-deoxyglucose followed by scission in alkali produced fragments comprising the highly irregular, iduronate-rich and N-sulphate-rich domains. The latter were slightly larger in the high-affinity form. By re-oxidation of the irregular domains, the location of glucuronate residues was identified. The degradation pattern, i.e., the distribution of iduronate-containing repeats, was markedly similar in the high-affinity variant and in the HS4-A chains that were used as affinity ligands. It is suggested that the strength and specificity of heparan sulphate self-association is dependent on complementary and co-operative associations between a number of contact zones. PMID- 6214309 TI - Immunofluorescence studies of humoral immune responses in the rat lung induced by respiratory and systemic immunization with ovalbumin. PMID- 6214310 TI - [Model of adrenergic-cholinolytic combination overdosing in reversible bronchial obstruction--phenoterol with ipratropium]. PMID- 6214312 TI - Effects of alloxan and streptozotocin on calcium transport in isolated mouse liver mitochondria. AB - The effect of alloxan and streptozotocin on the fluxes of Ca2+ in isolated mouse liver mitochondria was studied with dual wave-length spectrophotometry, using antipyrylazo III as metallochromic indicator. Streptozotocin had no effect on Ca2+ uptake, whereas alloxan inhibited the initial rate and extent of Ca2+ influx in a way dependent on the duration of preincubation, and occurrence of Pi in the reaction mixture. A rapid release of Ca2+ followed upon addition of either FCCP or alloxan after the reaction had been started. When added to preloaded mitochondria, alloxan induced a concentration dependent release of Ca2+. The data suggest that alloxan induces an initial release of mitochondrial Ca2+, which is followed by inhibition of Ca2+ influx. The initial release may be due to uncoupler activity induced by alloxan, and the inhibition of Ca2+ influx may be a consequence of inhibited Pi transport. PMID- 6214311 TI - The effect of denervation on the distribution of the polymorphic forms of troponin components in fast and slow muscles of the adult rat. AB - The structure of a proprioceptor in the lateral hypodermal chords of Denotostoma californicum has been studied by light and electron microscopy. It is comprised of a sensory cell provided with a cilium situated in a terminal invagination. An accompanying dendrite forms a synaptic junction at the distal end of the sensory cell. This is the first fine structural description of this proprioceptor in the Enoplida. PMID- 6214313 TI - Homologous pairing of DNA molecules promoted by a protein from Ustilago. AB - A protein from mitotic cells of Ustilago maydis was purified on the basis of its ability to reanneal complementary single strands of DNA. The protein catalyzed the uptake of linear single strands by super-helical DNA, but only in reactions with homologous combinations of single-strand fragments and super-helical DNA from phages phi X174 and fd. No reaction occurred with heterologous combinations. The protein also efficiently paired circular single strands and linear duplex DNA molecules. The product was a joint molecule in which the circular single strand displaced one strand of the duplex. Efficient pairing depended upon ATP, and ATPase activity was found associated with the purified protein. ATP-dependent reannealing of complementary single strands was not detectable in the rec1 mutant of Ustilago, which is deranged in meiotic recombination, as complete tetrads are rare, and is defective in radiation-induced mitotic gene conversion. PMID- 6214314 TI - A complex of interacting DNAase I-hypersensitive sites near the Drosophila glue protein gene, Sgs4. AB - The chromatin structure adjacent to the Drosophila glue protein gene Sgs4 changes drastically when the gene is active. In nuclei from embryos or tissue culture cells in which Sgs4 is inactive, there are three DNAase I-hypersensitive sites 3' to the gene, but none near its 5' end. In the nuclei of late third instar salivary glands, Sgs4 is actively transcribed, and a complex of five DNAase I hypersensitive sites appears 5' to the gene. Two of the sites are near the point of transcription initiation, at -70 and +30. The others are much farther from the gene at -330, -405 and -480 and are affected by small deletions: one deletion reduces expression about 50-fold and removes sequences corresponding to the -330 hypersensitive site; another makes no Sgs4 RNA and removes sequences corresponding to two hypersensitive sites, -405 and -480. Thus the hypersensitive sites, or DNA sequences within 50 bp of them, seem to be required for normal gene expression Distinct changes are seen in the chromatin from salivary glands of these mutant strains. The first strain is simply missing the -330 hypersensitive site, while the second is missing all of the tissue-specific 5' sites, even though sequences corresponding to three of them remain. This suggests that hierarchical interactions among the regions 5' to Sgs4 are required for its full expression. A sequence of 14 bp at the most prominent hypersensitive site (-405) is closely related to sequences 5' to several other eucaryotic genes. PMID- 6214315 TI - Control of suppressor cell activity: autoanti-idiotype B cells produced by painting with picryl chloride inhibit the T-suppressor cell which blocks the efferent stage of contact sensitivity. PMID- 6214317 TI - Differences in thymus dependency among the alloreactive T-cell subpopulations in their development. PMID- 6214316 TI - Endogenous prostaglandin E2 enhances polyclonal immunoglobulin production by tonically inhibiting T suppressor cell activity. PMID- 6214319 TI - [Determination of lysogeny in staphylococci. The role of methodical approach]. PMID- 6214320 TI - [The use of formaldehyde-stabilized gander erythrocytes in haemagglutination inhibition test in the diagnosis of infections caused by the Tahyna virus]. PMID- 6214318 TI - [Experience in a cultivation proof of Campylobacter jejuni]. PMID- 6214321 TI - [To the present situation in alimentary infections of bacterial origin]. PMID- 6214323 TI - [Contamination of children's sand-pits in the Prague area by eggs and oocysts of parasites with special reference to the Toxocara genus]. PMID- 6214322 TI - [Epidemic of alimentary tularemia in a retired home]. PMID- 6214324 TI - [Campylobacter infections]. PMID- 6214325 TI - [Equipment for washing and decontaminating points for micropipettes]. PMID- 6214326 TI - [Cutaneous and serum lipids in acne vulgaris]. PMID- 6214327 TI - [Dermatomyocoses and their treatment with cortizonoid-containing drugs]. PMID- 6214328 TI - N-Nitrosodiethylamine-induced nodule-like alveolar lesion and its prevention by a retinoid in BALB/c mouse mammary glands in the whole organ in culture. AB - The ability of N-nitrosodiethylamine (DENA) to induce transformation of the mammary cells was studied in culture of the whole mammary organ from BALB/c female mice. Incidence of nodule-like alveolar lesions (NLAL) in the glands in vitro has been as a measure of transformation. NLALs are analogous to the precancerous hyperplastic alveolar nodules (HAN) of mouse mammary gland in vivo. The mammary glands were treated with graded concentrations (0.1-2.5 microgram/ml) of DENA during lobuloalveolar morphogenesis in medium (Waymouth's MB752/1) containing insulin, prolactin, hydrocortisone and aldosterone. DENA treatment caused a dose-related increased occurrence of NLAL in the glands in vitro and concentration of 1.5 microgram/ml produced the highest incidence of 85%. The high incidence of NLAL was accompanied by a 3-fold increase of DNA repair activity in the DENA treated glands. Incubation of the glands for 6 days after DENA treatment in medium containing N-4-hydroxyphenyl)retinamide and the same hormone mixture caused 61% inhibition of NLAL incidence. The results indicate that DENA is capable of inducing a high level of transformation of the mammary epithelial cells in vitro and that this retinoid can inhibit expression of the transformed cells acting at the promotional level. PMID- 6214329 TI - The response of ataxia-telangiectasia homozygous and heterozygous skin fibroblasts to neocarzinostatin. PMID- 6214330 TI - Stimulation of Ca++ binding and ATPase activity of dog cardiac myofibrils by AR-L 115BS, a novel cardiotonic agent. AB - AR-L 115BS, a benzimidazole derivative, is a positive inotropic agent that has been shown to increase active tension development and unloaded shortening velocity of chemically skinned heart muscle preparations at submaximal activating levels of free Ca++. We measured the effect of AR-L on relations between free Ca++, bound Ca++ and ATPase activity of dog cardiac myofibrils. At pCa 6, 100-300 micrometers AR-L increased myofibrillar ATPase activity maximally by about 30%. The concentration of AR-L giving half-maximal activation of myofibrillar ATPase activity was about 10 micrometers, and is similar to plasma concentrations associated with elevated contractility in intact animals. There was no effect of AR-L on myofibrillar ATPase activity at pCa 5 or 8, and the relation between pCa and percent activation of myofibrillar ATPase activity was shifted to the left by 0.4-0.5 pCa units in the presence of 100 micrometers AR-L. Calcium binding by cardiac myofibrils was increased by AR-L in the presence and absence of MgATP by 0.2-0.3 nmol/mg myofibrillar protein over a broad range of free Ca++ concentrations, a result suggesting that AR-L increases the affinity of myofibrillar troponin C for Ca++. The shift in the pCa giving half maximal and myofibrillar ATPase activity induced by raising the free Mg++ from 1.0 to 10 mm was unaffected by AR-L. These results indicate that the positive actions of AR-L 115BS on cardiac contractility may involve direct activation of myofibrils by virtue of an increased affinity of thin filament receptors for Ca++. PMID- 6214332 TI - Guidelines for the performance of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. PMID- 6214331 TI - Quantitative changes in the capillary bed during developing, peak, and stabilized cardiac hypertrophy in the spontaneously hypertensive rat. PMID- 6214333 TI - Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty in patients with variant angina. AB - Among the first 83 patients treated with percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) at our institution, typical variant angina was recognized beforehand in five cases and was discovered within 4 months of PTCA in six others. All patients had a 65-95% proximal left anterior descending coronary artery stenosis and only one had a coronary lesion greater than 50% in other coronary arteries. Before PTCA, all patients were premedicated with calcium antagonist drugs. Thirteen of 15 PTCAs, including three of four repeat PTCAs, were technically successful. However, variant angina recurred after successful PTCA in three of the five patients in whom it was documented beforehand and in an additional two of two patients with variant angina before a successful repeat PTCA. Overall, among the nine patients with variant angina after successful PTCA, five had restenosis at the site of PTCA and two others developed severe lesions adjacent to the site of PTCA within 4 months of the procedure. The three patients without restenosis have been treated with calcium-antagonist drugs from soon after PTCA and have remained angina-free. These results suggest that PTCA is technically feasible in patients with variant angina who have organic lesions, but symptoms due to coronary spasm usually persist or recur, often with restenosis. PMID- 6214334 TI - Computerized M-mode echocardiographic analysis of left ventricular dysfunction in cardiac amyloid. PMID- 6214335 TI - Afterload mismatch and preload reserve in chronic aortic regurgitation. PMID- 6214336 TI - Suppressor cells in asthmatic children. AB - Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from thirteen asthmatic children, and from normal control subjects, were pre-incubated with and without concanavalin A (con A), washed, and cultured with fresh allogenic PBMC from healthy donors. The con A pre-treated cells from fifteen of seventeen normal controls clearly suppressed the blast transformation response to con A by normal allogeneic PBMC. However, con A-generated suppressor activity was found in only seven of the asthmatic patients studied, most of whom could be classified as "short-term' asthmatics. It is thus possible that either dysfunction or a reduction of the (con A)-inducible, T-suppressor cell subpopulation in peripheral blood is frequent among "long-term' asthmatic patients. This may suggest that a different pathogenesis may be operating in early-onset, long-continued asthma, when compared with those investigated early in the course of asthma which has begun later in childhood. PMID- 6214337 TI - A comparison of ketotifen with clemastine, ipratropium bromide and sodium cromoglycate in exercise-induced asthma. AB - Exercise-induced asthma (EIA) was provoked by a standardized treadmill running for 8 min in seven atopic adult asthmatics. The tests were performed using a double-dummy technique after placebo, oral ketotifen, inhaled clemastine, ipratropium bromide and sodium cromoglycate (SCG), in a random single blind fashion on different days. The mean post-exercise percentage fall in forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (FEV1) was 47 (s.e. 6.95), 39 (s.e. 8.35), 27 (s.e. 7.17), 23 (s.e. 7.69) and 7.0 (s.e. 4.62)% respectively. There was significantly less mean bronchoconstriction with SCG (P less than 0.01), ipratropium bromide and clemastine (P less than 0.05) but not with ketotifen. Six out of seven individual patients had significant protection of EIA with sodium cromoglycate, four with ipratropium bromide, three with clemastine but only one with ketotifen. Ipratropium bromide and clemastine were bronchodilators at rest, whereas SCG and ketotifen were not. Despite its claims to work as a mast cell stabilizing drug, ketotifen in a single dose does not have an effect similar to sodium cromoglycate in EIA, nor does it compare with inhaled clemastine or ipratropium bromide. PMID- 6214338 TI - Optimization of living-related renal transplantation success through HLA genotyping, MLC stimulation cutoffs, and donor-specific blood transfusions. PMID- 6214339 TI - Heterogeneity of concanavalin A-induced suppressor T cells in man defined with monoclonal antibodies. AB - Human peripheral blood T lymphocytes were enriched for OKT4+ or OKT8+ subpopulations using complement mediated lysis with OKT8 or OKT4 monoclonal antibodies. These subpopulations and unfractionated T cells were separately stimulated with concanavalin A (Con A) for a period of 48 hr and were then examined for their suppressive influence on proliferative response of autologous T cells to phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) or allogeneic non-T cells. Con A-activated unfractionated T cells, OKT4+ and OKT8+ T cell subsets markedly suppressed both these responses. Both OKT4+ and OKT8+ T cell subsets when enriched following Con A-activation of unfractionated T cells also caused significant suppression of proliferative responses of autologous T cells to PHA and allogeneic non-T cells in mixed lymphocyte cultures. The suppressive influence of Con A-activated T subsets was abolished by irradiation (2,000 rad) of activated cells. These studies indicate that Con A-induced suppressor T cells are heterogeneous. Precursors of Con A-induced suppressor T cells appear to reside in both OKT4+ and OKT8+ T cell populations. PMID- 6214340 TI - Immunological responsiveness after transurethral resection of the prostate: general versus spinal anaesthetic. AB - The effects of surgery on the immune response (as measured by a variety of parameters) were examined in patients undergoing transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) for benign disease. Two groups were assessed, one having the procedure performed under a general anaesthetic and the other under a spinal anaesthetic. A significant reduction in lymphocyte numbers and in the response of lymphocytes to the mitogens PPD and PWM and to histocompatibility antigens in mixed lymphocyte culture was seen in patients after TURP under a general anaesthetic but minimal changes were found in the patients who had a spinal anaesthetic. Cortisol levels were not elevated in either group after surgery. The immunodepression occurring after TURP appears to be due to general anaesthesia rather than the trauma of the surgery. PMID- 6214341 TI - Decreased suppressor T cell activity in patients with hepatic cirrhosis (HC). AB - Hypergammaglobulinaemia (HGG) is frequently found in patients with hepatic cirrhosis (HC). Using an assay system of in vitro PWM-stimulated immunoglobulin (Ig) production, the amounts of IgG, IgA, and IgM produced by peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) from 15 HBs Ag-negative patients with HC and from 16 age matched healthy subjects were quantitated by radioimmunoassay. We found that PBL from patients with HC produced significantly greater amounts of IgG (P less than 0.05) but not IgA or IgM than did those from control subjects. This increased IgG production by PBL from patients with HC was attributed to enhanced T helper activity and not to enhanced B cell function. We also searched for defects in naturally occurring suppressor T cell activity which is sensitive to irradiation. Irradiation-induced enhancement for IgG production was significantly lower in patients with HC compared with age-matched control subjects (P less than 0.01). Similarly, we examined the effect of Con A-induced suppressor T cells on the in vitro PWM-stimulated IgG production by allogeneic PBL and observed the decrease of Con A-induced suppressor T cell activity in patients with HC (P = 0.01). We conclude, therefore, that the increased serum levels of Ig, particularly IgG in patients with HC may result from in part on the basis of depressed ability of naturally occurring suppressor T cells or Con A-induced suppressor T cells to suppress Ig production. PMID- 6214342 TI - Defect in the generation of cytotoxic T cells in lepromatous leprosy. AB - Cytotoxic T cells are consistently produced in normal individuals after in vitro stimulation by a pool of mitomycin-treated normal lymphocytes. Patients suffering from lepromatous leprosy (LL), presenting with large amounts of Mycobacterium leprae and without a history of erythema nodosum leprosum (ENL) are unable to generate such cytotoxic T cells, while lepromatous patients with ENL which, in the present study were all deprived of M. leprae, react normally. PMID- 6214343 TI - Immunoglobulin production after marrow transplantation. III. The functional heterogeneity of FC-IgG receptor positive and negative T cell subpopulations. AB - Ten patients with chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) after HLA-identical marrow transplantation were studied between 372 and 1649 days post-transplant for their T cell subset functions in pokeweed mitogen-stimulated immunoglobulin (Ig) synthesis. In vitro Ig synthesis was assessed using an indirect haemolytic plaque assay after 6 days of culture. T cells, TG+ cells (Fc-IgG receptor positive), TG- cells (Fc-IgG receptor negative), and B cell-enriched populations from the patients were co-cultured with normal T and/or B cells. Such cultures in patients with chronic GVHD showed deficient B cell activity (eight of 10); and deficient helper activity in T cells (six of 10), TG+ cells (five of nine), and TG- cells (three of nine). Greater than 50% suppression of Ig synthesis was detected with T cells (four of 10), TG+ cells (three of 10), and TG- cells (three of 10). This study provides evidence for variable regulatory function of Fc receptor T cell subsets in patients with chronic GVHD. The unexpected finding was that TG+ and TG subpopulations can lack helper activity or actively suppress Ig synthesis. PMID- 6214345 TI - Characterization of E-rosette-positive Fc-receptor-bearing cells by flow cytometry. PMID- 6214344 TI - Immune complex type disease induced by HgCl2 in Brown-Norway rats: genetic control of susceptibility. AB - Mercuric chloride induces a biphasic autoimmune glomerulonephritis in Brown Norway (BN) rats but not in Lewis (LEW) rats. The genetic control of susceptibility to both phases was investigated by testing the response of segregants between BN and LEW rats and of congenic LEW.1N rats. It was confirmed that susceptibility to the first phase, characterized by the appearance of anti glomerular basement membrane antibodies, depends on several genes one of which is RT1 linked. Susceptibility to the second phase, which is an immune complex type glomerulonephritis, was found to depend on one major RT1 linked gene or cluster of genes with a role for other(s) non-RT1 linked gene(s) controlling the magnitude of the response. However, congenic LEW.1N rats were found to be resistant. This suggests that the disease gene has been lost during the strain derivation. The question of whether both phases are two different diseases or expression of the same process cannot be definitely answered; data however indicate a dissociation of both disease processes. PMID- 6214347 TI - Studies on T-cell subsets in atopic dermatitis: human T-cell subpopulations defined by specific monoclonal antibodies. PMID- 6214346 TI - Complement components on human lymphocytes. PMID- 6214348 TI - Thymic function in NZB mice. IV. Role of thymus secretion and sex factors in the expression of suppression. PMID- 6214349 TI - Strong suppression by mononuclear leukocytes from human newborns on maternal leukocytes: mediation by prostaglandins. PMID- 6214351 TI - The immune restorative effect of cimetidine administration in vivo on the local graft-versus-host reaction of cancer patients. PMID- 6214350 TI - Thymosin modulation of regulatory T cell function. PMID- 6214352 TI - Characterization of suppressor cells generated in mice after surgical trauma. PMID- 6214354 TI - In vitro generation of cytotoxic lymphocytes during noramidopyrine-induced agranulocytosis. PMID- 6214353 TI - Antigen presentation by epidermal Langerhans cells: loss of function following ultraviolet (UV) irradiation in vivo. PMID- 6214355 TI - Immune response in experimentally induced uremia. III. Uremic adherent spleen cells are defective in their ability to act as stimulators in mixed-leukocyte culture. PMID- 6214356 TI - Lack of proliferation to alloantigen in a sibling of two infants with severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID). PMID- 6214357 TI - Radiosensitivity of the helper function of a Sezary lymphocyte population. PMID- 6214358 TI - A clinical comparison of MDP and DMAD. AB - Tc-99m labeled dimethyl-amino-diphosphonate (DMAD) was compared with methylene diphosphonate (MDP) in five healthy volunteers and 28 patients with a variety of bony afflictions. Although the normal bone uptake of DMAD is less than MDP, the lesion-to-normal bone ratio is significantly higher with DMAD. All 71 lesions detected with MDP were also seen with DMAD. However, 10 lesions were disclosed with DMAD that were not seen with MDP. These lesions tended to have low grade concentrations of the radiopharmaceutical and were detected with DMAD by virtue of the lower normal bone uptake rather than higher lesion uptake. PMID- 6214359 TI - Spectinomycin in prepubertal gonorrhea. PMID- 6214360 TI - Analysis of the pressor dose response. AB - (1) When incremental infusions of drugs that increase blood pressure are given to human subjects to assess "pressor responsiveness," only the lower part of the sigmoid dose-response curve can be obtained. (2) Fitting a quadratic function does not involve discarding data points, which is usually the case with a linear fit, and it provides a more satisfactory fit to the lower part of a sigmoid dose response curve. (3) In the presence of a competitive antagonist, a pressor dose response curve will be shifted to the right. In this situation the dose-response curves obtained before and after treatment with antagonist should be fitted simultaneously to a quadratic model in which the parallel shift is one of the parameters. (4) The use of quadratic fitting is illustrated by reference to clinical experiments to obtain the following three curves for drugs that modify peripheral alpha adrenoceptors: norepinephrine pressor response curves after placebo and doxazosin, an alpha 1 antagonist; norepinephrine pressor response curves after placebo, labetalol, and medroxalol (drugs with combined alpha 1 and beta blocking properties); and phenylephrine pressor response curves before and after prazosin. (5) Fitting a quadratic function is the appropriate initial step in the analysis of pressor dose-response curves in man. PMID- 6214361 TI - A partially degraded form of human plasminogen in circulating blood. AB - A method for separate measurement of the amounts of the native form and partially degraded form of plasminogen and plasmin in human circulating blood was devised based on their different mobilities on disc polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The relative amounts in the circulating blood as estimated by the method were as follows: 78.5% native form, 6.1% partially degraded form and 15.5% plasmin, in the resting state of healthy adults. The partially degraded form increased to about 50% after strenuous exercise load. The present study showed that relatively large amounts of the partially degraded form can be produced in the circulating blood, even though abundant plasmin inhibitors exist there. These data suggest that the partially degraded form may play an important role in thrombolysis in vivo. PMID- 6214362 TI - Lupus Nephritis. PMID- 6214363 TI - Plasmapheresis in SLE. PMID- 6214364 TI - The treatment of SLE: the case of conservative management. PMID- 6214365 TI - Immune complexes in SLE. PMID- 6214366 TI - Cellular immunity and its regulation in SLE. PMID- 6214367 TI - Lymphocyte-reactive antibodies in SLE. PMID- 6214368 TI - Keratan sulfate proteoglycan isolated from the estrogen-induced medullary bone in Japanese quail. AB - 1. Two proteoglycans isolated from the femurs of quail actively producing medullary bone were separated using DEAE Bio-Gel A. 2. The first to elute in the gradient was a keratan sulfate proteoglycan with an average buoyant density of 1.53 g/ml and a Kav = 0.57 on Sepharose CL-4B. 3. The second proteoglycan to elute contained chondroitin 4-sulfate. 4. Apparently only the keratan sulfate proteoglycan is associated with the new medullary bone matrix. PMID- 6214369 TI - Comparison of the properties of phosphoglucomutase from muscle of turbot (Reinhardtius hippoglossoides, Greenland Halibut) and witch flounder (Glyptocephalus cynoglossus) from the Northwest Atlantic and the Gulf of St. Lawrence. AB - 1. Phosphoglucomutase from muscle of turbot and witch has been purified and the properties studied from two regions of the Northwest Atlantic and the Gulf of St. Lawrence. 2. The enzyme, purified 157 fold from turbot and 164 fold from witch had specific activities of 596 and 475 U/mg/min respectively. 3. The M.W. and pH optimum of the enzyme from both species were 63,500 and 7500; and 63,000 and 7800 for the Northwest Atlantic and the Gulf samples respectively. 4. The amino acid contents and responses towards different inhibitory agents were different for the enzyme from the Gulf than the Northwest Atlantic samples. 5. The findings compares well with the genetic analysis of the electrophoretic properties of the enzyme in relation to stock discrimination of the two species. PMID- 6214370 TI - The activities of enzymes associated with anaerobic pathways, glycolysis and the Krebs cycle in spiders. AB - 1. The activities of eight enzymes that participate in or are closely linked to anaerobic glycolysis or the krebs cycle were measured in 11 species of spiders representing diverse taxonomic groups (Table 1). 2. The results indicate three anaerobic pathways may operate in spiders. The major pathway leads to the accumulation of D-lactate and one of the minor pathways to alanine and malate as postulated by Linzen & Gallowitz (1975). Another minor pathway ends with the accumulation of glycerol-3-phosphate and pyruvate (Fig 1). 3. There were no consistent correlations between the degree of development of certain pathways or enzyme activities and a spider's habits and respiratory exchange system. 4. Lactate pathways are much more highly developed in the legs and cephalothorax than in the abdomen. PMID- 6214372 TI - Hemodynamic consequences of early cardiovascular structural adaptation in primary hypertension as studied in rats. PMID- 6214371 TI - Anti-estrogenic effects of contraceptive progestins on the dynamics of gonadotropin release. AB - The hypophysiotropic effects of ethinylestradiol (EE) alone and in combination with three different progestins at various doses were assessed in 39 normal women. The compounds were given orally for 7 to 21 days. Serum LH and FSH were measured before and after GnRH double stimulation (2 x 25 micrograms i.v. at a two-hour interval); the ratio between second and first response served as an index of gonadotropin-synthesis capacity. Compared to pretreatment early follicular phase controls (LH and FSH ratios of 1.3 and 1.4), administration of 40 and 50 micrograms of EE daily elicited a significant amplification of LH and FSH synthesis (LH ratios of 2.2 and 3.3; FSH ratios of 2.8 and 3.3). By contrast, 80 micrograms of EE daily caused little change. The EE-induced rise of pituitary responsiveness to GnRH could be counteracted by the addition of progestins. The degree of inhibition as dependent on the type and dose of the progestational compound. It is concluded that the standardization GnRH double stimulation technique may serve as a pharmacodynamic model to quantitate the estrogenic and anti-estrogenic effects of contraceptive steroids at the pituitary level. PMID- 6214373 TI - The morphological interrelationship of vascular supply and myocardial hypertrophy. PMID- 6214374 TI - Hypertension and the coronary circulation. PMID- 6214375 TI - Hypercalcaemia due to malignancy. Role of the kidney and treatment. PMID- 6214376 TI - Practical aspects of CT imaging of the spine. PMID- 6214378 TI - Contact dermatitis of the hands due to foods: Part I. PMID- 6214377 TI - Evaluation of topical erythromycin and oral tetracycline in acne vulgaris. AB - A double-blind study was conducted to compare topical erythromycin 1.5 percent solution (Staticin solution) with oral tetracycline (250 mg) twice a day in fifty four patients with Grades II and III acne vulgaris. Although both therapies produced a statistically significant reduction in the number and severity of the acne lesions, the topical preparation usually showed an effect earlier and to a greater degree than the oral medication. By the end of the study, some of these differences were statistically significant. After twelve weeks of treatment, topical erythromycin therapy produced a 58 percent reduction in the overall lesion count, as opposed to the 38 percent reduction produced by oral tetracycline therapy. In addition, the Propionibacterium acnes counts were reduced with erythromycin by over 90 percent and with tetracycline treatment by over 80 percent. Two patients treated with tetracycline developed vaginal candidiasis and therapy had to be discontinued. During topical treatment with erythromycin only mild adverse experiences were reported and none resulted in withdrawal from the study. PMID- 6214379 TI - Follicular mucinosis in childhood. PMID- 6214380 TI - Transluminal angioplasty of superior vena cava obstruction in a 15-month-old child. PMID- 6214381 TI - Activity of amikacin, gentamicin and Schering 21420 when combined with carbenicillin or piperacillin against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. PMID- 6214382 TI - In vitro activity of moxalactam and cefoperazone against Streptococcus pneumoniae with differing susceptibilities to penicillin. AB - In vitro studies were performed to examine the potential usefulness of two new drugs, moxalactam and cefoperazone, for the treatment of infections caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae. 34 isolates of S. pneumoniae with differing susceptibilities to penicillin were examined by disk diffusion, agar and microbroth dilution methods. Isolates highly resistant to penicillin (MIC greater then 1 microgram/ml) were also resistant to moxalactam (MIC = 128 micrograms/ml) but were sensitive to cefoperazone (MIC = 2--4 micrograms/ml). All isolates relatively resistant to penicillin (MIC 0.25--0.5 micrograms/ml) were sensitive to cefoperazone (MIC 0.25--1 microgram/ml) and had moxalactam MICs of 4--16 micrograms/ml for 10/12 isolates. The disk diffusion test was unreliable for detecting strain relatively resistant to moxalactam. These studies showed that cefoperazone is more active than moxalactam in vitro against S. pneumoniae regardless of the penicillin susceptibility of these bacteria. PMID- 6214383 TI - [Reflections on percutaneous recanalization of the left iliac vein]. PMID- 6214384 TI - [Peroperative endoluminal arterial dilatation as a complement to reconstructive surgery or as a last recourse in severe ischaemia]. PMID- 6214385 TI - Light scatter analysis and sorting of cells activated in mixed leukocyte culture. AB - Cells activated in unidirectional mixed leukocyte cultures (MLC) have been analyzed on the basis of their light scatter characteristics. C57BL/6 spleen cells were cultured with irradiated (2000 rads) DBA/2 spleen cells for 5 days and the resulting suspension of activated cells was passed on a FACS II flow cytometer. Correlated parameter analysis of forward light scatter (FLS) and perpendicular light scatter (PLS) indicated that the MLC consisted of a heterogenous mixture of viable cells, dead cells, and subcellular debris. However, by appropriate gating of the FLS/PLS distribution, viable cells could be identified as a biphasic FLS histogram. Sorting and morphological analyses of these two FLS peaks demonstrated that they corresponded to almost pure populations of small lymphocytes (lower peak) and lymphoblasts (upper peak), respectively. Furthermore, when sorted cells were tested for their ability to lyse antigenically relevant (DBA/2) tumor target cells in a 51Cr release assay, lymphoblasts were found to exhibit 40-fold greater cytolytic activity (on a per cell basis) than small lymphocytes. PMID- 6214386 TI - Comparative study of free omental, peritoneal, Dacron velour, and Marlex mesh reinforcement of large-bowel anastomosis: an experimental study. AB - The comparative role of free omental, peritoneal, Dacron velour, and Marlex mesh grafts in reinforcement of an extremely vulnerable experimental model of large bowel anastomosis was studied in dogs. While both the omentum and peritoneum proved not to be effective in preventing anastomotic leakage, Dacron velour did considerably lower this incidence to within reasonable limits but led to formation of low-grade lymphoma at the reinforcement site in two animals. Only Marlex mesh was found to be highly effective in sealing the suture line, and it is anticipated that, with the usual technique of anastomosis, this sealing effect will be foolproof, thereby nullifying any risk of suture-line breakdown. PMID- 6214388 TI - Fluorescence quenching study of mercury compounds and liposome interactions: effect of charged lipid and pH. PMID- 6214387 TI - Canine gastric mucosal vasodilation with prostaglandins and histamine analogs. AB - The effect of direct intragastric artery infusion of prostaglandins E2 and I2, arachidonic acid, dimaprit (histamine H2 agonist), and 2',2'-pyridylethylamine (histamine H1 agonist) on gastric mucosal blood flow was examined in dogs to elucidate the relationship between gastric secretory state and mucosal blood flow in dogs. These compounds were chosen because of their diverse effect on gastric acid secretion. Gastric fundus blood flow was measured both electromagnetically with a flow probe around the left gastric artery which supplies the fundus almost exclusively, and by the radioactive microsphere technique. Intraarterial infusion of all the compounds resulted in gastric mucosal vasodilation even though PGE2, PGI2, and arachidonic acid inhibit gastric acid secretion, dimaprit stimulated gastric acid secretion, and 2',2'-pyridylethylamine does not affect gastric acid secretion. There was total agreement in the blood flow measurements by the two different techniques. Our data suggest that gastric acid secretion and gastric vasodilation are independently regulated. In addition, the validity of the studies in which the aminopyrine clearance indicates that prostaglandins are mucosal vasoconstrictors needs to be questioned because of the reliance of those measurements on the secretory state of the stomach. PMID- 6214389 TI - Increased plasma testosterone in streptozotocin-diabetic female rats. PMID- 6214390 TI - Laparoscopic diagnosis of tuberculous ascites. AB - We report 14 patients with tuberculous peritonitis presenting as persistent and exudative ascites. We found a primary site of tuberculous infection in only 10% of the patients. PPD test was positive in 9 patients. Ascitic fluid showed a protein content in excess of 3.5 g/dl. and more than 300 cells/mm3, mainly lymphocytes, in all patients, Ziehl stain and the culture for Tb. bacilli were negative in all cases. The confirmatory diagnosis was made by laparoscopy and peritoneal biopsy. Good views were obtained on all occasions, and there was no morbidity. Appearances were similar in all cases. Multiple white tubercles were scattered over the parietal and visceral peritoneum. filmy adhesions were present. Four patients had cirrhotic liver disease confirmed by laparoscopy. The biopsy specimen showed caseating granulomata, and the auramine stain was positive in four cases. We conclude that laparoscopy and biopsy is a safe and effective method of obtaining an early diagnosis in patients with tuberculous ascites, especially if they also have cirrhosis. PMID- 6214391 TI - Toxicity of methylmercury, mercuric chloride, and lead in killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus) from Southampton, New York. PMID- 6214392 TI - Regulation of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity during caloric restriction in human adipose tissue. AB - Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity was significantly lower in adipose tissue of human subjects after 7 days of severe caloric restriction on low carbohydrate diets and had returned to normal values 4 days after the subjects resumed normal diets. Three other enzyme activities (malate-NADP dehydrogenase, oxaloacetate decarboxylating; ATP-citrate lyase and 6-phosphofructokinase) were not significantly affected by these dietary changes. These results are consistent with separate control of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity versus other 'lipogenic' enzyme activities in human adipose tissue. PMID- 6214393 TI - Pulmonary function changes in wheelchair athletes subsequent to exercise training. PMID- 6214394 TI - Metabolic type of muscles of the sheep. III. evolution with age and influence of sex. AB - Myofibrillar ATPase activity (in the presence of Ca2+ and Mg2+), activities of various glycolytic and mitochondrial enzymes, and haemin iron, glycogen, ATP and lactic acid levels were determined in the heart and five skeletal muscles of the sheep as a function of age and sex. During growth from 2 to 13 months, ATPase activity remained stable whereas most mitochondrial and glycolytic activities tended to decrease, particularly between 2 and 6 months. The isoenzyme composition of lactic dehydrogenase evolved markedly, with in particular a rise in the percentage of M4. Haemin iron level rose from 6 months. These modifications occurred in most of the skeletal muscles but rarely in the heart. Glycogen and ATP decreased progressively between 2 and 13 months. Overall, results indicated a regression of the metabolic differentiation among muscles between 2 and 13 months, particularly marked before 6 months. At 3 and 7 months, sex had practically no influence on the enzyme activities studied. PMID- 6214395 TI - Lysosomal enzyme precursors in human fibroblasts. Activation of cathepsin D precursor in vitro and activity of beta-hexosaminidase A precursor towards ganglioside GM2. AB - Precursors of cathepsin D and beta-hexosaminidase were isolated from secretions of human fibroblasts and their activity was studied with natural substrates. The immunoprecipitated precursor of cathepsin D, Mr 53000, was inactive with radioactive hemoglobin as substrate. At pH 3.8-4.2 an activation of the precursor took place, which was correlated by a reduction in size to Mr 51500. The observed cleavage of cathepsin D precursor in vitro resembles the autocatalytic activation of pepsinogen. The precursor of beta-hexosaminidase A is able to cleave the natural substrate GM2 ganglioside. This reaction, like that of the mature enzyme, depends on the presence of a protein activator, which interacts with the substrate and the enzyme. PMID- 6214396 TI - Alterations of the alpha or beta subunits of the mitochondrial ATPase in yeast mutants. AB - Among 979 non-glycerol growers of the yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, 40 strains were found to be deficient in the mitochondrial ATPase activity. Three of them exhibited an alteration in either the alpha or beta subunits of the F1ATPase. The alpha subunit was not immunodetected in the A23/13 mutant. The beta subunit was not immuno-detected in the B59/1 mutant. The existence of these two mutants shows that the alpha and beta subunits can be present independently of each other in the inner mitochondrial membrane. The beta subunit of the mutant F25/28 had a slower electrophoretic mobility than that of the wild-type beta subunit. This phenotype indicates abnormal processing or specific modification of the beta subunit. All mutants showed reduced activities of the NADH-cytochrome c reductase and of the cytochrome oxidase and a decreased synthesis of cytochrome aa3 and cytochrome b. This pleiotropic phenotype appears to result from specific modifications in the mitochondrial protein synthesis. The mitochondrial synthesis of four polypeptides (three cytochrome oxidase and one cytochrome b subunits) was markedly decreased or absent while three new polypeptides (Mr = 54000, 20000 and 15000) were detected in all the mutants analysed. This observation suggests that a functional F1ATPase is necessary for the correct synthesis and/or assembly of the mitochondrially made components of the cytochrome oxidase and cytochrome b complexes. PMID- 6214397 TI - Mechanism of tumor and liver concentration of 111In and 169Yb: 111In and 169Yb binding substances in tumor tissues and liver. AB - Tumor-bearing animals were injected with 111In- and 169Yb-citrate. Tumor homogenates, from which the nuclear fraction was removed, and the mitochondrial fractions of the host livers were digested with pronase P. After digestion, the supernatants of the reaction mixtures were applied to Sephadex G-100 columns. The resultant eluates were analyzed for radioactivity, protein, uronic acid, and sialic acids. Three peaks of radioactivity were obtained by gel filtration. The first peak, eluted in the void volume, contained a species whose molecular weight exceeded 40 000. The second peak consisted of substances with molecular weights of 9400-40 000. Radioactivity in the third peak was liberated 111In and 169Yb. These two nuclides in the second peak were bound to acid mucopolysaccharides and/or the sulfated carbohydrate chain of sulfated glycoprotein. It was thought that the nuclides in the first peak might be bound to some acid mucopolysaccharides. The second peak nuclides seemed to be bound to acid mucopolysaccharide that contained no uronic acids, and/or to the sulfated carbohydrate chain of sulfated glycoprotein. It was concluded that they were bound to the acid mucopolysaccharides and/or the sulfated carbohydrate chain of sulfated glycoprotein in tumor tissues and liver lysosomes. PMID- 6214398 TI - Serial radionuclide imaging during treatment of patients with diffuse bone metastases from carcinoma of the prostate. PMID- 6214399 TI - Bone scintigraphy in the diagnosis and follow up of Perthes' disease. AB - One hundred and thirty three children were studied (a total of 218 scintigrams) after IV injection of 100 microCi/kg 99Tc-MDP. Of 64 pathological hips (6 being bilateral), 52 were judged typically abnormal, 8 without initial radiological evidence. Of the rest, 8 were considered doubtful and 4 normal. No scan was considered typical of Perthes' disease in other hip disorders. The resulting figure of the sensitivity was 94%, for specificity 97%, for positive predictive value 97%, and for negative predictive value 95%. It is more difficult to assess the value of bone scintigraphy in the follow up of these patients. The disappearance of uptake defect in the femoral head may be a good index and occurs earlier than the normalization of the radiographs. On the other hand, the significance of the neighbouring region of increased uptake is difficult to assess although related to revascularization and reconstruction. The evolution of the disease does not seem to be correlated with the localization and the intensity of these regions in a straightforward manner. PMID- 6214401 TI - Osteoscintimetry--a method of semiquantitative evaluation of skeletal scintigrams by use of profiles and a macro function for computer processing. AB - A computer macro-program was developed for standardized, semiquantitative measurement of radiotracer uptake. The method uses profiles of selectable length, width, and inclination according to the anatomical structures of the pathological and the corresponding healthy region. The ratio of the two curves is calculated automatically and shown as an 'uptake curve'. The essential use of osteoscintimetry is in the follow-up examination if small changes of regional uptake have to be identified. The profile-technique rather than the ROI-technique was selected, because the main benefit of the profile-technique is that the results of follow-up examinations are comparable to previous examinations with a standard deviation of +/-5%. PMID- 6214400 TI - Extraosseous localization of 99mTc-MDP in ganglioneuroblastoma. AB - A 2 1/2-year-old boy with a posterior mediastinal ganglioneuroblastoma was evaluated by bone scintigraphy using 99mTc-DMP and showed a marked increased uptake in the tumor mass. Although a routine chest X-ray and body CT scan failed to demonstrate calcification, X-ray examination of the removed tumor specimen revealed small scattered calcification. The proposed mechanisms of the radiopharmaceutical localization in benign and malignant tumors other than calcification/mineralization are discussed. Regardless of the mechanism, localization of a bone scanning agent in a tumor provides a rapid, simple, and noninvasive means of demonstrating tumor size, configuration, and the relation of the surrounding structures to the tumor. PMID- 6214402 TI - Blood pool scintigraphy and arterial embolization in traumatic hemobilia. AB - Blunt abdominal trauma in a 9-year-old girl caused a subcapsular hematoma in the right liver lobe. One week following surgical evacuation of the hematoma severe hemobilia appeared. Blood pool scintigraphy of the liver demonstrated accumulation in the central part of the right liver lobe. After embolization of the right hepatic artery the bleeding ceased immediately, and blood pool scintigraphy became normal. PMID- 6214403 TI - Redundant nerve roots of the cauda equina. A rare disease? AB - 6 cases of so-called redundant nerve roots of the cauda equina are reported, which brings the total number of cases described in literature to 27. The differential diagnosis of the myelographic picture of tortuous filling defects is discussed. The authors believe that the majority of these cases is caused by chronic compression of the nerve roots. PMID- 6214404 TI - Suppressor T cells and the regression phase of syngeneic intradermally developing p-815 mastocytomas. AB - Thymus cells obtained 6, 8 or 10 days after the intradermal injection of P-815 tumor cells into syngeneic DBA/2 mice were, upon adoptive transfer into new hosts, incapable of abrogating the normally observed tumor regression phase. Transfer of cells from day 8 revealed a tendency toward suppression of regression phases; cells from day 6 or 10 were inert or had a rather immunopotentiating effect. Pretreatment of tumor hosts with cyclophosphamide did not result in more pronounced regression phases, nor did this treatment raise the percentage of surviving animals. Injection of cyclophosphamide after tumor cell inoculation resulted in a slight delay of tumor growth, but not in more pronounced regression nor in higher survival rates. Taken together the data suggest that in a weakly immunogenic and highly malignant tumor, suppressor T cells may play a minor role in the subversion of the host's immune response. PMID- 6214405 TI - Human reflexology and motor preparation. PMID- 6214406 TI - Analysis of Fc gamma receptors on human peripheral blood leukocytes by flow microfluorometry. I. Receptor distributions on monocytes, T gamma cells and cells labeled with the 3Al anti-T cell monoclonal antibody. AB - A dual parameter flow microfluorometric technique for accurately measuring Fc gamma receptor (FcR) expression on defined subsets of cells within a heterogeneous cell sample was developed. The FcR distribution of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells consists of three distinct peaks. By analyzing cells fluorescently labeled with the 3Al, an anti-T cell hybridoma antibody (using a green-emitting fluorophore) and for FcR (with a red-emitting fluorophore), and by using cell isolation procedures, it was shown that the cells lying within the peak with intermediate FcR density are mainly monocytes, while cells lying within the peaks with highest and lowest (i.e. negative) FcR densities are predominantly T cells. The FcR+ T cells (T gamma cells) express higher levels of the 3Al antigen than other T cells, thus demonstrating the utility of the 3Al hybridoma antibody as a marker for T gamma cells. PMID- 6214407 TI - Lectin-binding proteins as potent mitogens for B lymphocytes from nu/nu mice. AB - It was found that lectin-binding protein (LB) from leguminosae seeds can serve as mitogens B lymphocytes from athymic nu/nu mice. Most of the experiments were performed using a LB from Vicia faba as this was the most potent mitogen among all LB tested. When mixed B and T lymphocyte populations were stimulated by LB a bell-shaped dose-response curve resulted which is also characteristic of the corresponding lectins; LB, however, act at much higher concentrations than the lectins. In control experiments, using lymphocytes from C3H/HeJ mice which have a genetic defect with respect to lipopolysaccharide responsiveness, the enhancement of DNA synthesis by LB was comparable to that observed with other strains. This indicates that stimulation by LB does not result from contamination by lipopolysaccharides. B lymphocytes from nu/nu mice were stimulated by LB as efficiently as mixed T and B lymphocyte populations whereas lectins per se had no effect on nu/nu lymphocytes. Cyclosporin A, a fungal metabolite, is known to specifically suppress T cell responses. Cyclosporin A did not influence the mitogenic activity of the LB from Vicia faba on unseparated spleen cells. Cell populations enriched for T cells (lymph node cells: nylon wool-passed or nylon wool-passed and anti-Ia plus complement-treated) responded poorly to LB, if at all, even in the presence of interleukin 2-containing supernatants. PMID- 6214408 TI - Immunoglobulin C-gene expression. III. Possible induction of specific genetic events in activated B lymphocytes by the polyclonal stimuli driving clonal expansion. AB - Polyclonal activation of resting B lymphocytes by either lipopolysaccharide or specific helper cells recognizing antigens on B cell membranes results in selective patterns of IgG subclass expression among plaque-forming cells. We have studied the IgG subclasses of plaque-forming cells generated in cultures of purified B cell blasts selected for reactivity to either LPS or helper cells, and restimulated by either lipopolysaccharide, specific helper cells, or as "bystanders", by nonspecific B cell growth factors. Development of IgG1 plaque forming cells is observed only when clonal expansion is maintained by specific helper cells, whereas IgG3 secretion specifically requires stimulation by lipopolysaccharide and the absence of helper cell activity. Furthermore, exposure of resting B lymphocytes to specific helper cell induces, in 48 h, an irreversible loss of the potential to produce IgG3. Other than showing that helper cell-dependent B cell growth and maturation is more complex than previously suspected, these results suggest that differentiation signals or factors induce specific DNA recombination and deletion events. PMID- 6214409 TI - Are T gamma of myelomonocytic lineage? PMID- 6214410 TI - Expression of cell surface lectins on activated human lymphoid cells. AB - A cell surface lectin found on activated human lymphoid cells has been identified and characterized using membrane glycoprotein micelles as probes. These micelles, which are large, water-soluble aggregates, are composed of glycoproteins isolated from detergent-solubilized membranes of human B lymphoblastoid cell lines by Lens culinaris hemagglutinin affinity chromatography. The micelles have an average apparent molecular weight of 4 x 10(6) estimated by gel filtration and range in diameter from 25-100 nm. Micelles bind to B and T lymphoblastoid cell line cells and peripheral blood lymphocytes activated with concanavalin A or in a mixed lymphocyte response. Unactivated peripheral blood lymphocytes and red blood cells bind very low levels of the micelles. The binding is saturable, reversible, and temperature-dependent, with poor binding below 15 degrees C. Glycoproteins such as fetuin and porcine thyroglobulin, which contain complex oligosaccharide side chains, inhibit the binding, whereas glycoproteins containing only high mannose or simple serine-linked carbohydrate side chains do not. In addition, binding can be inhibited by complex asparagine-linked glycopeptides purified from pronase digested fetuin, but not by the simple serine-linked glycopeptides. Membrane glycoprotein micelles are bound to the surface of the cells but are not internalized or degraded. The potential role of this cell surface lectin in lymphocyte function is discussed. PMID- 6214411 TI - Polyclonal effect of HgCl2 in the rat, its possible role in an experimental autoimmune disease. AB - Mercuric chloride induces an autoimmune glomerulonephritis in Brown-Norway (BN) but not in Lewis (LEW) rats. Injection of HGCl2 into BN rats regularly produced a transient appearance of plaque-forming cells (PFC) of anti-2,4,6-trinitrophenyl and anti-sheep red blood cell specificity and circulating anti-single-stranded DNA antibodies. Addition of HgCl2 to spleen cell cultures from BN rats induced an increase in anti-trinitrophenyl PFC and reverse PFC. This effect was no longer observed when nylon wool column-depleted or anti-Thy-1 antiserum-treated spleen cells were cultured in the presence of HgCl1. These data suggest that HgCl2 acts as a polyclonal activator on spleen cells in BN rats, but not on isolated B lymphocytes. In contrast, no effect of HgCl2 on immunoglobulin production was observed in LEW rats. Since polyclonal activation and immune-type nephritis are both seen in BN but not in LEW rats, polyclonal activation may participate in the pathogenesis of the HgCl2-induced autoimmune disease of BN rats. PMID- 6214412 TI - Effects of clorgyline and deprenil on corticosterone levels in rats. AB - Adrenal and plasma corticosterone levels were measured in adult female rats after i.p. administration of specific MAO inhibitors: clorgyline (IMAO-A) and deprenil (IMAO-B). Brain and adrenal MAO activity was also determined. The IMAO effect was found to depend on 3 interrelated factors: (a) dose of drug, (b) time after injection, (c) specificity in MAO inhibition. One hour after injection, clorgyline (1 and 2.5 mg/kg) but not deprenil (20 mg/kg), appeared to inhibit the adrenocortical stress response to i.p. injection. At higher doses, MAO-B inhibition by deprenil (40 mg/kg) induced a moderate but sustained increase in corticosterone levels, while MAO-A inhibition by clorgyline (5, 10, 20 mg/kg) resulted in a large and sharp rise. This effect of clorgyline was potentiated with alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine and blocked with p-chlorophenylalanine. On this basis, the involvement of serotonergic mechanisms could be considered to explain the stimulatory effect of clorgyline on adrenal cortical function. PMID- 6214413 TI - Biochemical properties of the brain phencyclidine receptor. AB - This paper gives a detailed account of techniques which can be used to measure [3H]phencyclidine binding to its receptor. The main properties of the binding component are the following: (i) It is rapidly heat-inactivated at temperatures over 50 degrees C. (ii) It is destroyed by proteases like trypsin, pronase or papain suggesting that it is of a protein nature. The receptor structure is resistant to chymotrypsin. (iii) A good correlation was found between the pharmacological activity of 30 different analogs as measured by the rotarod assay and the affinity of these different molecules for the phencyclidine receptor. (iv) Monovalent and divalent cations antagonize [3H]phencyclidine binding to its receptor. The dissociation constant is 15 mM, the same for Na+, Li+, K+, cholinium or Tris. Na+ (and other monovalent cations) and phencyclidines bind to distinct sites. The saturation of the Na+ site by Na+ modulates the affinity of phencyclidine for its receptor. Divalent cations antagonize [3H]phencyclidine binding in the absence of Na+. This antagonism is of the non-competitive type. (v) [3H]phencyclidine binding is also antagonized by histrionicotoxin and by local anaesthetics. PMID- 6214414 TI - Differential effects of fluoxetine and zimelidine on the uptake of 5 hydroxytryptamine and tryptamine by cortical slices and on responses of cortical neurones to stimulation of the nucleus raphe medianus. AB - Intravenous administration of fluoxetine inhibited the uptake of tryptamine and 5 hydroxytryptamine by cortical slices. In contrast, zimelidine inhibited the uptake of 4-hydroxytryptamine only. In vivo, inhibitory and excitatory response of cortical neurones to stimulation of raphe medianus were potentiated by fluoxetine whereas only excitatory responses were enhanced by zimelidine. The results are consistent with the suggestion that the inhibitory effects of raphe stimulation are mediated by tryptamine and the excitatory responses by 5 hydroxytryptamine. PMID- 6214415 TI - Comparison of Ca2+ uptake characteristics of microsomal fractions isolated from unfertilized and fertilized sea urchin eggs. PMID- 6214416 TI - Localization of phosphatase activities on mouse teratocarcinoma embryoid bodies. PMID- 6214417 TI - Mammary serum factor initiates cell growth in 3T3 cell variants which are non responsive to EGF. PMID- 6214418 TI - Plasma factors involved in the in vitro control of proliferation of bovine lens cells grown in defined medium. effect of fibroblast growth factor on cell longevity. PMID- 6214419 TI - Autologous and allogeneic suppressor lymphocyte inhibition of human erythroid colony forming unit proliferation. AB - Certain in vitro and in vivo animal studies have supported the concept that lymphocyte-derived microenvironmental factors are important in erythroid proliferation. Considerable controversy has developed regarding the applicability of these concepts to human erythroid proliferation. We, therefore, evaluated the role of lymphocytes on human erythroid colony forming unit (CFUE) proliferation in the plasma clot system. Bone marrow (BM) was obtained from normal donors and cocultured with the following cell populations: a) cultured (6 day) lymphocytes autologous or allogeneic to BM; b) cultured lymphocytes stimulated with conconavalin A (Con A), allogeneic lymphocytes or streptokinase streptodornase (SKSD). In general, unstimulated cultured lymphocytes enhanced CFUE proliferation. In contrast, lymphocytes stimulated with Con A. SKSD, or allogeneic lymphocytes suppressed lymphocyte proliferation. The suppressor cell was concentrated in the T-cell fraction obtained by sheep red blood cell rosetting followed by ficoll-Hypaque centrifugation. Both allogeneic and autologous stimulated T-cells suppressed CFUE. Moreover, supernatants from stimulated lymphocyte cultures suppressed CFUE proliferation although the cell of origin and characteristics of the suppressive factors have not been defined. These data support the concept that lymphocytes may play an important role in modulating the human BM erythroid microenvironment. PMID- 6214420 TI - Kinaesthetic role of muscle afferents in man, studied by tendon vibration and microneurography. AB - The characteristics of vibration-induced illusory joint movements were studied in healthy human subjects. Unseen by the subject, constant frequency vibration trains applied to the distal tendon of the Triceps or Biceps induced an almost constant velocity illusory movement of the elbow whose direction corresponded to that of a joint rotation stretching the vibrated muscle. Vibration trains of the same duration and frequency applied alternatively to the Biceps and Triceps evoked alternating flexion-extension illusory movements. During successive application of vibration trains at frequencies from 10 to 120 Hz, the perceived velocity of the illustory movements increased progressively from 10 to 70-80 Hz, then decreased from 80 to 120 Hz. The maximal perceived velocity was three times higher during alternating vibration of the Biceps and Triceps than during single muscle stimulation. Unit activity from 15 muscle spindle primary endings and five secondary endings located in Tibialis anterior and Extensor digitorum longus muscles were recorded using microneurography in order to study their responses to tendon vibration and passive and active movements of the ankle. Primary endings were all activated by low amplitude tendon vibration (0.2-0.5 mm) previously used to induce illusory movements of the elbow. The discharge of some was phase-locked with the vibration cycle up to 120 Hz, while others responded one-to-one to the vibration cycle up to 30-50 Hz, then fired in a sub-harmonic manner at higher frequencies. Secondary endings were much less sensitive to low amplitude tendon vibration. Primary and secondary ending responses to ramp and sinusoidal movements of the ankle joint were compared. During the movement, the primary ending discharge frequency was almost constant, while the secondary ending activity progressively increased. During ankle movements the primary ending discharge appeared mainly related to velocity, while some secondary activities seemed related to both movement velocity and joint angle position. Muscle spindle sensory ending responses to active and passive ankle movements stretching the receptor-bearing muscle (plantar flexion) were qualitatively and quantitatively similar. During passive reverse movements (dorsiflexion) most of the sensory endings stopped firing when their muscle shortened. Active muscle shortening (isotonic contraction) modulated differently the muscle spindle sensory ending discharge, which could stop completely, decrease or some times increase during active ankle dorsiflexion. During isometric contraction most of the muscle spindle sensory endings were activated. The characteristics of the vibration induced illusory movements and the muscle spindle responses to tendon vibration and to active and passive joint movements strengthened the possibility of the contribution of primary endings to kinesthesia, as suggested by several previous works... PMID- 6214421 TI - Effect of electrotherapy on denervated muscles in rabbits: an electrophysiological and morphological study. PMID- 6214422 TI - A rapid and reversible muscle fiber transformation in the rat. PMID- 6214423 TI - Synthesis of adherent insoluble glucan by the concerted action of the two glucosyltransferase components of Streptococcus mutans. PMID- 6214424 TI - The stimulation of yeast phosphofructokinase by fructose 2,6-bisphosphate. PMID- 6214425 TI - The stimulation of phosphofructokinase from human erythrocytes by fructose 2,6 bisphosphate. PMID- 6214426 TI - The anticalmodulin drugs trifluoperazine and R24571 remove the activation of the purified erythrocyte Ca2+-ATPase by acidic phospholipids and by controlled proteolysis. PMID- 6214427 TI - Norethisterone does not inhibit rat testis delta 5-3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase. PMID- 6214428 TI - Influence of mycotoxins on protein and amino acid utilization. AB - The interrelationships between mycotoxins and the utilization of dietary protein are reviewed. Acute aflatoxicosis is characterized by reduced growth and fatty infiltration of the liver. Studies with poultry, swine, and monkeys have shown that supplements of dietary protein beyond normal requirements can overcome these conditions. High-protein diets, however, have been shown to promote hepatoma characteristic of chronic aflatoxicosis in rats. Aflatoxin interferes with utilization of dietary protein by inhibiting synthesis of DNA, RNA, and protein. High-protein diets promote the metabolism of aflatoxin by the hepatic microsomal drug-metabolizing enzyme system. The Fusarium mycotoxin zearalenone increases membrane permeability and promotes uterine synthesis of DNA, RNA, and protein. Supplements of dietary protein overcome growth reduction due to zearalenone and reduce the metabolic half-life of the toxin by promoting urinary excretion of free, unmetabolized zearalenone in the rat. The trichothecene mycotoxins disrupt normal protein metabolism by inactivating the ribosomal cycle. Protein supplements appear to have little effect on trichothecene mycotoxicoses. Most mycotoxins impair utilization of dietary protein. The effectiveness of protein supplements in overcoming mycotoxicoses will depend on the mycotoxin in question. PMID- 6214429 TI - [Coccygodynia]. PMID- 6214430 TI - Second-look laparoscopy in infertility surgery: therapeutic and prognostic value. AB - Sixty infertile women underwent infertility surgery followed by "second-look laparoscopy" (SLL). All these women had undergone detailed fertility workups, including a diagnostic laparoscopy prior to surgery. The tuboovarian adhesive disease was staged according to the severity of the disease and compared with findings at SLL. Sixty percent of adnexa showed improvement at SLL. During SLL, newly formed adhesions were lysed and stenotic fimbrial ostia dilated. Optimal time for SLL was 4 to 8 weeks after surgery. From these observations, we suggest that SLL provides further opportunity to lyse re-formed adhesions and may have prognostic and therapeutic benefits after laparotomy for lysis of adhesions. PMID- 6214431 TI - Potential new treatment of endometriosis: reversible inhibition of pituitary ovarian function by chronic intranasal administration of a luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LH-RH) agonist. PMID- 6214432 TI - [Mechanism of action of biologically active preparations of the thymus and spleen on the primary and secondary immune response]. PMID- 6214433 TI - [Leon Abgarovich Orbeli (on the centenary of his birth)]. PMID- 6214434 TI - [Role of L. A. Orbeli in the development and elaboration of the physiological problems of radiobiology]. PMID- 6214435 TI - [Dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) as a vehicle for the percutaneous induction of a test reaction in drug exanthemas]. PMID- 6214436 TI - Treatment of onychomycosis by partial nail avulsion and topical miconazole. AB - 13 patients with distal subungual onychomycosis in a total of 48 dermatophyte infected nails were treated with chemomechanical, partial nail avulsion followed by topical miconazole for 8 weeks. On examination, 6 months after cessation of therapy, 42% of the nails were cured by clinical and mycological criteria. The therapeutic response was related to the pretreatment extension of subungual hyperkeratosis. Periungual skin irritation was common during the initial avulsion period. Miconazole solution was well tolerated and this treatment modality proved to be a valuable alternative to other remedies for the treatment of onychomycosis limited to a few number of nails. PMID- 6214437 TI - Oral treatment of acne vulgaris and oil acne with tetracycline. AB - In 51 patients with acne vulgaris and 34 patients suffering from occupational oil acne the clinical effect of orally administered tetracycline was evaluated before, during and after a 3-monthly treatment (total dose of antibiotic: 1st month, 28.5 g; 2nd and 3rd months, 15.0 g). Patients treated with placebo were used as controls. Investigations of the skin fluorescence under Wood's light were performed during the treatment period. In one half of the patients with acne vulgaris and oil acne oral treatment with tetracycline had a very good clinical effect. The purpose of this investigation was the comparison of the results of the treatment of acne vulgaris and occupational oil acne with tetracycline. PMID- 6214438 TI - Effects of two oral contraceptive combinations, 0.125 mg desogestrel + 0.050 mg ethinylestradiol and 0.125 mg levonorgestrel + 0.050 mg ethinylestradiol on the adrenal function of healthy female volunteers. AB - The effects of the oral contraceptive combinations of 0.125 mg desogestrel + 0.050 mg ethinylestradiol (EE), and of 0.125 mg levonorgestrel + 0.050 mg EE on serum cortisol and the urinary excretion of 17-oxogenic steroids and free cortisol were studied in 16 healthy females. Adrenal responsiveness was studied by the metyrapone test. Both contraceptive combinations increased (P less than 0.001) serum cortisol concentrations but the rhythmic fluctuation at different times of the day remained unchanged. The urinary excretion of 17-oxogenic steroids was lower (P less than 0.01) during treatment than before or after treatment with both contraceptive combinations. The metyrapone test showed normal adrenal responsiveness during the treatment cycles. The urinary excretion of free cortisol was unchanged when desogestrel + EE was used, but increased (P less than 0.01) during treatment with levonorgestrel + EE. However, even then, the urinary free cortisol was within the normal range of the population. All the test results of hormone determinations normalized soon after finishing the contraceptive treatments. It is suggested that the abnormalities seen were due to an increased serum binding capacity of cortisol induced by EE and not a sign of pathological changes in adrenal function. No major differences in the biological effects of the two combinations tested were seen. PMID- 6214439 TI - Carminic acid, a non-competitive inhibitor of kidney UDP glucose:galactosylhydroxylysine-collagen glucosyltransferase. AB - 1. UDP-glucose:galactosylhydroxylsine-collagen glucosyltransferase was purified 12-fold from rat kidney. 2. An assay using calf-skin gelatin as substrate showed time- and enzyme-dependent incorporation; KmS for UDP-glucose and gelatin were 16 7 microM and 4.5 mg/ml, respectively. 3. Column chromatography of the alkaline hydrolysate of reaction product on Dowex 50W-4X(H+) showed that 84% of the radioactivity was in the glycosylgalactosylhydroxylsine peak. 4. Carminic acid inhibited collagen glycosyltransferase; a dose-dependent study showed a two-stage inhibition and kinetic analysis by double-reciprocal plots at varying UDP-glucose concentrations revealed a non-competitive mode of inhibition. PMID- 6214440 TI - Effect of indomethacin on Ca2+-stimulated adenosine triphosphatase in the synaptic vesicles of rat brain in vitro. AB - 1. Indomethacin inhibits calcium-stimulated adenosine triphosphatase (Ca2+ ATPase), calcium, magnesium-stimulated adenosine triphosphatase (Ca2+,Mg2+ ATPase) and magnesium-stimulated adenosine triphosphatase (Mg2+-ATPase) activities in rat brain synaptic vesicles in vitro. 2. The Ca2+-ATPase activity is most strongly affected by this drug all of the activities of ATPases tested. 3. The decrease of Ca2+-ATPase activity by addition of indomethacin is due to a decrease of Vmax. 4. The Ki values for this drug for ATP and Ca2+ in Ca2+-ATPase were 1.13 mM and 0.68 mM, respectively. PMID- 6214441 TI - A double-blind comparison of zimelidine and amitriptyline in depressive out patients. AB - A double-blind, randomized clinical study was conducted in thirty-four out patients suffering from major depressive disorders comparing zimelidine with amitriptyline. The dosage was flexible, maintenance doses varying between 50-150 mg in the amitriptyline group and 50-300 mg in the zimelidine group. After a wash out period of at least a week the mean score in Hamilton Rating Scale for depression (HRS) was 22.2 for zimelidine and 21.9 for amitriptyline. During the treatment period of 6 weeks, zimelidine and amitriptyline appeared to be equally effective as antidepressants in HRS and Global Ratings. The zimelidine group showed significantly less somnolence and dry mouth. No clinically important changes were seen in the laboratory parameters during the study. PMID- 6214442 TI - Characterization of sarcolemma from rabbit skeletal muscle: developmental studies. PMID- 6214443 TI - Acoustic versus inductive coupling of hearing aids to telephones. AB - This investigation determined the relative merit of four different hearing aid/telephone coupling systems. Speech recognition measures and quality preferences by magnitude estimation were used to evaluate the systems. Neither speech recognition testing nor magnitude estimation results revealed one particular hearing aid/telephone coupling system that was superior for all 10 subjects. A procedure is described in which consideration of both discrimination and quality estimation results can be used to provide specific recommendations for individual patients. However, the communication needs of some people may require the use of more than one type of system. PMID- 6214444 TI - The glycolytic cascade in pancreatic islets. PMID- 6214445 TI - Low-dose streptozotocin-induced autoimmune diabetes is under the genetic control of the major histocompatibility complex in mice. AB - In mice, an experimental autoimmune diabetes can be induced by multiple injections with low doses of streptozotocin. Since different mouse strains show a varying susceptibility towards this treatment, we have examined whether the experimental autoimmune diabetes is under the genetic control of the major histocompatibility complex (H-2 complex). Mice of five congenic resistant strains, differing in their genome only at the H-2 region, were identically treated on five consecutive days with 40 mg streptozotocin/kg body weight. Genes at the H-2 complex were found to determine the susceptibility towards the diabetogenic effect of streptozotocin: mice of H-2 haplotype k (B10.BR) developed persistent and strong hyperglycaemia (blood glucose approximately 17 mmol/l), mice of strain B10.A (H-2a), C57BL/10 (H-2b) and B10.D2 (H-2d) reacted with moderate hyperglycaemia (between 11.5 and 15.5 mmol/l), whereas mice of strain B10.S (H-2s) were resistant to the diabetogenic effect of low-dose streptozotocin except for a small and transient rise of blood glucose levels. It is concluded that genes within the major histocompatibility complex affect the diabetogenic response to multiple low-dose streptozotocin treatment. PMID- 6214446 TI - In vitro mode of action, pharmacokinetics, and organ specificity of poly (maleic acid-styrene)-conjugated neocarzinostatin, SMANCS. AB - The organ specificity and pharmacokinetics of SMANCS, poly (maleic acid-styrene) conjugated neocarzinostatin (NCS), were investigated in rats. The drug activity accumulated primarily in the regional lymph nodes after subcutaneous injection. After intravenous injection, the drug was found in the kidney, lymph nodes, and bladder in very high concentrations, and in lesser concentrations in the bone marrow, lung, small intestine, liver and spleen. The urinary excretion rate and total recovery of the drug after intravenous injection were higher than those after subcutaneous injection. SMANCS, having a molecular weight of 2.5 x 10(4) daltons, was degraded in vivo to NCS (mol. wt. about 1.1 x 10(4)). This was also confirmed in vitro by incubating the drug with cell homogenates. SMANCS caused strand scission of DNA similarly to NCS in lymphoblastoid cells. However, in a cell-free system using colicin E1 plasmid DNA, a high concentration of SMANCS was required to produce DNA degradation detectable by the alkaline sucrose gradient method. PMID- 6214447 TI - Hepatic bilirubin-conjugating enzymes of man in the normal state and in liver disease. AB - Bilirubin UDP-glucuronyl transferase (BGT), bilirubin UDP-glucosyl transferase (BGLT) and bilirubin UDP-xylosyl transferase (BXT) activities were measured in wedge-biopsied liver specimens obtained from patients with various liver diseases, and compared with those in controls with normal liver histology. BGT was measured alone using needle biopsy liver specimens from the patients with Gilbert's syndrome (15 patients). Rotor's syndrome (one) and posthepatitic hyperbilirubinemia (3). BGT was decreased to about 30% of controls in Gilbert's syndrome, but showed no change in posthepatitic hyperbilirubinemia and Rotor's syndrome. About 90% decrease in BGT, and BGLT and BXT were observed in Crigler Najjar syndrome type II (3 patients). In patients with cholelithiasis and chronic hepatitis, statistically significant changes of these three enzymes were not observed, except the statistically significant increase in BGT activity in chronic hepatitis. Slight increases in BGT and BXT activities were observed in anicteric cases with cholelithiasis. The ratio of BGT, BGLT and BXT activities in controls was 1:0.50:0.98 (expressed as "per mg protein"). Slight differences existed between the ratios of BGT, BGLT and BXT in various liver diseases, and this may suggest the separate identities of BGLT and BXT from BGT. Determination of bilirubin-conjugation is essential in the diagnosis of Gilbert's syndrome and Crigler-Najjar syndrome type II, but shows no specific change in the other chronic liver diseases. PMID- 6214448 TI - Treatment of the chronic active hepatitis B patient in dental practice: a case study. PMID- 6214449 TI - [Directed modification of the damaged DNA region in inducing structural chromosomal mutations]. AB - The method of directed modification of damaged DNA regions elaborated recently in our laboratory made it possible to conduct a direct experimental study of mutagenicity of two single-stranded breaks located within the isolocus of sister chromatids, in strands of the same polarity. The efficiency of induced mutagenesis was shown to be very high when the experimental technique was employed allowing single-stranded DNA breaks to occur in this position with high probability. It should be noted that the fraction of interstitial deletions and rearrangements of chromosomes of the exchange type were predominant in the spectrum of induced mutations. It is concluded that the coincidence of two breaks in the strands of the same polarity in the isolocus of sister chromatids is realised into chromosome aberrations with high probability. PMID- 6214450 TI - [Survival of Gd- allele carriers in the absence of malaria]. AB - Viability of children in families in which one or both parents had glucose-6 phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency was studied. 159 couples from three districts of the Shekin region of the Azerbaijan SSR were examined. The data were obtained by the half-quality method of fluorescent spots. Four types of marriages were defined using the results of the screening programme. The number of pregnancies and their outcome were analyzed. Elimination of pregnancies in marriages where one or both parents were carriers for Gd- allele, was reliably increased in the antenatal period. This was established under conditions of the absence of selection for hetero- and hemizygotes for this allele in the districts examined. The highest value of elimination of pregnancies was noted in marriages in which both parents were Gd- allele carriers. PMID- 6214451 TI - [Physiologico-hygienic basis for a set of health promotion measures for machine operators in sugar beet factory]. PMID- 6214452 TI - [Hygienic basis for efficient spacing between buildings for mercury and adjacent shops]. PMID- 6214453 TI - [Hygienic characteristics of working conditions in the modern manufacture of calcinated anodes for aluminum electrolysis]. PMID- 6214454 TI - [Clinico-experimental study of allergic diseases of chemical etiology]. PMID- 6214455 TI - [Comparative evaluation of the working conditions and health status of textile enterprise workers]. PMID- 6214456 TI - [Effect of petroleum product hydrocarbons on the function of the blood circulatory system]. PMID- 6214457 TI - [Clinical characteristics of the initial manifestations of chronic manganese poisoning]. PMID- 6214458 TI - [Cardiovascular function in air traffic controllers based on work-site examination data]. PMID- 6214459 TI - [Serum immune complexes and their role in disease]. PMID- 6214460 TI - [Early diagnosis of bone infarction in children with sickle cell anemia by MDP 99m Tc scanning]. PMID- 6214461 TI - [Reconstructive facial plastic surgery in Down's syndrome]. PMID- 6214462 TI - [Skin lesions in workers of the electrolysis department of the aluminum plant in Skawina]. PMID- 6214463 TI - [The ECG picture in workers of an aluminum foundry]. PMID- 6214464 TI - [Foreign body in pulsion diverticulum]. PMID- 6214465 TI - [Transcutaneous gastrostomy by the Seldinger method under local anesthesia]. PMID- 6214466 TI - [Sonography and computer tomography of an epiploic appendix]. PMID- 6214467 TI - [Obstructive jaundice due to an aneurysm of the gastroduodenal artery in a patient with chronic pancreatitis]. PMID- 6214468 TI - Ultrasonographic demonstration of celiac artery stenosis. PMID- 6214469 TI - [Solitary angiomyolipoma in a horseshoe kidney]. PMID- 6214470 TI - [Unusual skeletal changes from acute leukaemia during childhood ]. PMID- 6214471 TI - [Computer tomography in Caisson's disease ]. PMID- 6214472 TI - [Deformity of the skull vault due to hypertrophy of red marrow in cases of anaemia ]. AB - The shape of the head is often markedly changed in certain anaemic disorders, e.g. thalassaemia, congenital haemolytic anaemia and severe juvenile iron deficiency anaemia. However, this does not affect the basic structure of the skull and its characteristics. Rather, there is a strong thickening of the cranial bones; careful examination shows a deformation of the bones and skull cap. These changes are due to the overgrowing red marrow, which occurs in the same manner in anaemics although the origin of their disease is of course an entirely different one. PMID- 6214473 TI - [The base of the skull in computerized tomography ]. AB - Destructions of structures of the base of the skull may be demonstrated by means of CT. It produces a third plane of visualization in addition to the two planes obtained with conventional X-ray examination. CT is superior to the latter in defining non-osseus tumor growth located intra- and extracranially. For the evaluation of destructions of the base of the skull, CT and conventional X-ray are equally informative, CT may be used as alternative or in addition to conventional X-ray. It may reveal fractures of the base of the skull which may not show up on conventional X-ray examination. PMID- 6214474 TI - [Computer tomography of the orbits in endocrine ophthalmopathy ]. PMID- 6214475 TI - The course of atlanto-axial involvement and disc narrowing of the cervical spine in rheumatoid arthritis. AB - In 188 patients with rheumatoid arthritis 585 radiological examinations of the cervical spine were performed. Subluxation of C1-2 was found more often than expected; it was often the only radiological change in that segment, and its degree was not related to the duration of the disease. Lateral radiographs taken in full flexion were important for the diagnosis. Age over 40 years at the onset of RA, increased ESR at least on one occasion and seropositivity were related to more severe degrees of involvement. The presence of subcutaneous nodules, high titres of the Rose-Waaler reaction and the presence of antinuclear antibodies had no definite relation to the degree of involvement. PMID- 6214476 TI - [Mineral content of the peripheral skeleton in patients with diabetes mellitus ]. AB - In order to determine the effect of diabetes mellitus on bone mineral content, measurements with the iodine 125 isotope method of Cameron were carried out in the distal ulna and calcaneus of 40 patients. 38% of female and 20% of male diabetic patients showed abnormally low values. The most severe changes were found in patients with complications of diabetes. There was a correlation between the duration of the diabetes and the severity of the mineral loss. PMID- 6214477 TI - [The scintigraphic investigation of the sacroiliac joints in ankylosing spondylitis ]. AB - Quantitative sacroiliac scintigraphy was performed in 41 patients with ankylosing spondylitis (Sp.a.) and in 90 control subjects. The sacroiliac/sacrum ratio (Index ISG/sacrum) was calculated. We examined the correlation between activity ratio on the one hand and age, subjective complaints, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and antiinflammatory therapy on the other. Significantly increased uptakes were found in the patient group as a whole compared with the controls. The activity index was highest in the early periods of the disease, so we conclude that scintigraphy is useful in the early diagnosis of Sp.a. PMID- 6214478 TI - [Early experience with repeated determinations of 131-I-hipuran clearance equivalent during pregnancy ]. AB - Serial observations of ureteric and renal function during pregnancy were carried out by using isotope clearances; renal scintigraphy was performed for the first examination and isotope nephrography subsequently. The results of both types of examination are tabulated. It is shown that these procedures provide the necessary information on renal and ureteric function, given the indications which we have listed. The information concerns both kidneys or can be confined to a single kidney. PMID- 6214479 TI - [Water syphon test and gastro-oesophageal reflux during childhood (correlation with the clinical findings and oesophageal manometry) ]. AB - The water syphon test is a simple and easily performed method for demonstrating gastro-oesophageal reflux with a high degree of reliability. It is carried out following a conventional barium swallow. Compared with clinical findings and oesophageal manometry, the water syphon test is very reliable for demonstrating gastro-oesophageal reflux during childhood. Prolonged irradiation in order to see spontaneous reflux becomes unnecessary. This results in a significant reduction in radiation dose. Barium swallow and the water syphon test are the most useful initial examinations in children with symptoms which suggest reflux. PMID- 6214480 TI - Leiomyoblastoma of the stomach. AB - Seven cases of gastric leiomyoblastoma are reported, all of them benign. The subject of gastric leiomyoblastoma is reviewed from both clinical and pathologic aspects based on a review of 307 cases in the literature. Hemorrhage is a frequent sign (51.8%) but in 21.2% of cases leiomyoblastoma is asymptomatic. While such tumors have a malignant potential, a benign course was pursued in most of the cases (79.5%). The radiologic features of these tumors are similar to those of leiomyomas. An intramural location is the most common finding (41.4%) but intraluminal (22.7%), subserosal (25.7%) or dumbbell growth are also seen. In 31.3% of cases, the tumor is ulcerated. PMID- 6214481 TI - A mathematical approach to the common bile duct. AB - Changes in the shape of the common bile duct (CBD) can be expressed mathematically by measuring the C.B.D.-diameter at five points and expressing these measurements as a percentage of the mean diameter. Variations in magnification are compensated for by relating the mean diameter to the length of the C.B.D. By comparing the shape of the C.B.D. in patients with various diseases with the shape of the normal common bile duct it was possible to define pathognomonic signs of various diseases of the extrahepatic biliary system. Indirect signs of pathology of the extrahepatic bile ducts are discussed. PMID- 6214482 TI - [Quality criteria in pancreatic sonography ]. AB - The quality of pancreatic sonography is determined not only by the technical equipment used and by the experience of the interpreter but also by the variable anatomical and nutritional status of the patients examined. The sonograms obtained from 211 consecutively examined patients were analyzed with regard to the quality of pancreatic imaging. Direct visualization of the parenchyma of the pancreatic head and body was found in 47%. In an additional 36%, unequivocal localization of the pancreatic area was possible by delineating the peripancreatic vessels. 17% of the studies were non-diagnostic due to over-lying intestinal gas in obese patients and cases of extensive scarring. This percentage can be reduced by a modified examination technique. The use of alternative radiological methods is, therefore, obligatory in less than 10%. PMID- 6214483 TI - [Ultrasound diagnosis of the superficial soft tissues of the body. Experience with a real time scanner (Combison 100 W) ]. PMID- 6214484 TI - [Reliability and limitations of Doppler sonography of the cranial arteries ]. AB - High-grade stenoses and occlusions of the internal carotid artery can be detected and differentiated with high accuracy by Doppler sonography. The hemodynamic effect of obliterations of the subclavian and innominate artery on cerebral blood flow readily can be examined too. With lower-grade stenoses of the supraaortic arteries, there are some limitations in accuracy which are discussed in detail. In some cases, Doppler sonography can replace angiography, but it still must be considered, that this method depends greatly on experience. PMID- 6214485 TI - [Indirect rectal lymphangiography. Experiences with animal experiments ]. PMID- 6214487 TI - [Immunologic emergency situations]. PMID- 6214486 TI - [Topical antimicrobial therapy: the efficacy of clioquinol- and tribromphenolbismuth- zinc oxide preparations]. AB - Clioquinol- and tribromphenolwismut zinc oxide preparations were tested in vitro in order to investigate their bactericidal and bacteriostatic efficacy against strains of staphylococcus aureus, E. coli, pseudomonas as well as against the fungi candida albicans and trichophyton rubrum. The results show that there was both a bacteriostatic and a bacteriocidal effect of clioquinol except against pseudomonas. Tribromphenolwismut has less efficacy. In spite of some suggestions in the literature our results confirm that the efficacy of clioquinol is not impaired if combined with zinc oxide. The use of this well tolerated preparation is recommended in the treatment of infectious dermatoses even today. PMID- 6214488 TI - [An empirical study of the problem of compensation neurosis]. PMID- 6214489 TI - [An occult urinary infection as a cause of recurring backache]. PMID- 6214490 TI - Rosette inhibitory factor: T-lymphocyte subpopulation specificity and potential immunoregulatory role in hepatitis B virus infection. AB - We have observed the disappearance of rosette inhibitory factor (RIF) from the serum of 19 patients with acute hepatitis B virus infection. This occurred at a time coinciding with the detection of anti-HBs. In addition, levels of RIF activity were significantly greater (P less than 0.001) in 35 HBsAg carriers who lacked anti-HBs when compared to 15 carriers who regularly demonstrated this antibody. In all instances, RIF effect was partial affecting some, but not all, T lymphocytes from healthy donors were separated into TM (helper), TG (suppressor), and T0 (null) subpopulations by an immunoglobulin-ox-cell rosette depletion method. The effect of RIF on erythrocyte rosette formation and Fc-receptor expression in these subpopulations was assessed. TG-lymphocytes were found to be refractory to RIF-mediated suppression of erythrocyte rosette formation while TM lymphocytes demonstrated an enhanced sensitivity to RIF. Incubation of TG lymphocytes, potential TM-percursor cells, with RIF resulted in a decreased expression of new IgM-Fc receptors. In order to determine if any functional significance could be derived from these findings, the effect of RIF on in vitro immunoglobulin secretion was tested. Using pokeweed mitogen-stimulated mononuclear cell cultures, purified RIF-low density lipoprotein was shown to suppress IgM, IgG, and IgA secretion by 75.3, 74.3, and 59.3%, respectively. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that RIF is a potential immunoregulatory protein which could contribute to the lack of anti-HBs noted during the acute phase of hepatitis B and in the majority of HBsAg carriers. PMID- 6214491 TI - Structure of the linkage-region between polysaccharide chain and core protein in bovine corneal proteokeratan sulfate. AB - Peptidokeratan sulfate from bovine cornea was degraded by a combination of desulfation, exo-enzymic digestion and finally digestion with endo-beta-N acetylglucosaminidase D. The same procedure was carried out both with [3H]fucose labelled and [3H]mannose-labelled peptidokeratan sulfate. Data obtained by methylation analysis of peptidokeratan at the different degradation steps, as well as action of endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase D, showed that the binding region in proteokeratan sulfate from bovine cornea is identical with a structure found in various GlcNAc(beta 1-N)-Asn-linked mannosyl glycoproteins. The existence of a chitobiose unit between asparagine and mannose was proved by action of endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase D. The existence and position of an (alpha 1 leads to 6)-linked fucosyl residue at the Asn-bound GlcNAc was demonstrated by action of alpha-fucosidase, endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase D and by gel chromatography on Bio-Gel P-4. By gas chromatography/mass spectrometry studies, the existence of a 1,4,6-trisubstituted beside a 1,4-disubstituted GlcNAc in the binding-region oligosaccharide was shown. Other results reported here are according to analytical data previously published (Keller, R., Stein, T., Stuhlsatz, H.W., Greiling, H., Ohst, E., Muller, E. & Scharf, H.-D. (1981) Hoppe-Seyler's Z. Physiol. Chem. 362, 327-336). PMID- 6214492 TI - Behavioral and hormonal responses of male zebra finches to antiandrogens. PMID- 6214493 TI - Hirsutism and weight gain in a woman with normal plasma testosterone. PMID- 6214494 TI - The use of Cyclosporin A immunosuppression in organ grafting. PMID- 6214495 TI - Corticosteroid-mediated immunoregulation in man. AB - Glucocorticoids have profound and complex effects on the human immune response. However, the precise mechanisms of the corticosteroid-induced immunoregulation in man have not been precisely defined. Intracytoplasmic corticosteroid-specific receptors appear to be an important common pathway for steroid-induced changes, but variations of receptor parameters do not account for the multifaceted effects on the immune system. Human circulating mononuclear cells redistribute out of the intravascular compartment following treatment with corticosteroids. Although certain components at this redistribution phenomenon have been well characterized, the importance of this compartmental cellular shift with respect to the mechanisms of corticosteroid-induced immunoregulation are less well defined. Recent observations that activated lymphocytes may be sensitive to the lytic effects of glucocorticoids suggest that under certain situations the elimination of selected subsets of cells may be a relevant mechanism of corticosteroid-mediated immunoregulation in man. Corticosteroid-mediated effects on monocyte function may be an important mechanism of drug-induced immunoregulation in monocyte-dependent responses. In some experimental conditions, corticosteroids inhibit Interleukin 1 production by monocytes. The immunoregulatory effects of corticosteroids on lymphocyte immune responses are complex. In vitro corticosteroids appear to selectively affect early immunoregulatory events as opposed to altering an established response. Multiple sites of steroid-induced modulations of human B cell responses have been defined. PMID- 6214496 TI - Effect of cyclophosphamide on immunological control mechanisms. AB - Cyclophosphamide (CY) given before immunization causes greatly increased delayed hypersensitivity skin reactions. Increased cell-mediated immunity is associated with depletion of B-lymphocytes from lymphoid tissue and a depression of those lymphocytes whose precursors turn over more rapidly. In the guinea pig, replacement studies showed that the depleted cells were not T-lymphocytes and had immunoglobulin adherent to their surface, a characteristic of B-lymphocytes. Delayed hypersensitivity reactions increased by CY include chemical contact sensitivity, the tuberculin reaction, delayed hypersensitivity to tularemia vaccine and the Jones-Mote reaction to soluble protein antigens. Pretreatment with CY can also increase the antibody response to some antigens, but depress the response to others. In addition, CY has been found to reverse immunological tolerance where this form of unresponsiveness is due to suppressor cells. CY can also enhance the immune response following depression by antigenic competition or desensitization. Other drugs with a similar, but lesser, effect include melphalan, azathioprine and methotrexate. PMID- 6214497 TI - In vitro effect of (3-amino-1-hydroxypropylidene)-1,1-bisphosphonic acid (APD) on the function of mononuclear phagocytes in lymphocyte proliferation. AB - The effect of (3-amino-1-hydroxypropylidene)-1,1-bisphosphonic acid (APD) on pokeweed mitogen-stimulated and non-stimulated cultures of peripheral blood mononuclear cells was studied in vitro. It is shown that APD can inhibit partially lymphocyte proliferation when added to a suspension of mononuclear cells before stimulation, but that lymphocyte proliferation can continue when the drug is withdrawn. In contrast; when APD is added to the cell suspension together with the mitogen, lymphocyte proliferation remains low even when the drug is withdrawn. Addition of different concentration of mononuclear phagocytes (MNP) to non-adherent cells, followed by stimulation in the presence of APD, indicates that APD acts on MNP function preferentially and does not affect lymphocyte proliferation. PMID- 6214498 TI - Persistence of cell-mediated immunity to influenza A virus in mice. AB - Cytotoxic T-cell (Tc) immunity to influenza A virus in mice persists for at least 2 years. Both T-helper (Th) and Tc cells are present and fully functional in old mice; however, the frequency of memory Tc-cell precursors declines with age. PMID- 6214499 TI - Kinetics of the relation between suppressor and effector mechanisms in contact sensitivity in the guinea-pig. AB - Cyclophosphamide (300 mg/kg) given before or up to 2 days after sensitization, induces increased contact skin reactions at 8 days. Reactions were suppressed with cyclophosphamide (CY) given between 3 and 5 days after sensitization; reactivity returned on day 10. CY, given on days 6 to 8, only suppressed reactions when skin tests were made 4 days later. This temporary depression of contact sensitivity corresponds with the maximal reduction of peripheral blood lymphocytes. CY given 1-2 days after DNFB produced decreased T-cell proliferation in local lymph nodes 4 days after sensitization. CY given 3 days after DNFB produced maximal T-cell suppression on 5 day nodes. Massive increase in T-cell proliferation in 5 day nodes occurred when CY was given on the day of sensitization or the day before. Thus CY given around sensitization acts mainly on suppressor cells whereas given later, the action is principally on the effector functions. PMID- 6214500 TI - Antigenic competition in IgE antibody production. II. Effect of cyclophosphamide. AB - The effects of cyclophosphamide (CY) on antigenic competition in IgE antibody production were studied in mice treated with the drug on different days and immunized with a mixture of two non-related antigens. Injection of 100 mg of CY/kg of body weight 3 days before or 6 days after immunization resulted in a partial or total recovery of the IgE, but not of the IgGl antibody response to the test antigen. In contrast, when the same dose was given together or 3 days after immunization both responses were much more suppressed than in untreated animals. This same effect was obtained when a higher concentration (200 mg/kg) of cyclophosphamide was injected on day--3. When a different antigenic system was tested, the suppressive effects of competition in IgGl antibody production were also abolished after CY treatment. These results seem to provide further evidence for an important role of suppressor T cells in the mechanism of antigenic competition. PMID- 6214501 TI - Concanavalin-induced suppressor cells: characterization on the basis of corticosteroid and radiation sensitivity. AB - Experiments were performed to examine whether the concanavalin A (Con A)- induced suppressor cells of several in vitro T- and B-lymphocyte functions constitute a functionally unique cell population. This study included simultaneous studies of three different assays of suppression of T- and B-lymphocyte functions. We found that Con-A-induced suppressor cells which inhibit the allogeneic mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) and the pokeweed mitogen-induced, plaque-forming cell (PEC) response are radiation sensitive at doses greater than 1000 rad, but corticosteroid resistant, while those suppressing allogeneic cell-mediated lympholysis (CML) are both radiation and corticosteroid resistant. These studies indicate either that Con-A-induced suppressor cells include heterogeneous populations which are differentially sensitive to corticosteroids and radiation, or that functionally distinct suppressor mechanisms are variably sensitive to these agents. PMID- 6214502 TI - T-cell responses to minor histocompatibility antigens. AB - We have investigated the helper and cytotoxic T-cell response to minor histocompatibility antigens and generated long term antigen-specific cell lines to them. Antigen-specific activity was selected for by regular restimulation with irradiated cells bearing the antigens in the presence of interleukin 2, so that alloreactivity to other cell surface antigens was gradually lost. Helper T cells cultured over several months were active in vivo and in vitro, but the culturing method eventually selected for cytotoxic T cells at the expense of helper T cells, with concomitant changes in the proportions of cells expressing the Lyt phenotypes. Individual long term cultures of cytotoxic T cells specific for minor histocompatibility antigens were restricted by either H2K or D but not both. Helper T cells to minor histocompatibility antigens derived directly from primed F1 mice did not show restriction to the priming parental haplotype. This is consistent with antigen reprocessing by the F1 antigen presenting cells such that populations of helper T cells restricted by both parental H-2 haplotypes were primed. F1 cytotoxic T cells were restricted to the parental H-2 haplotype used for in vitro boosting, irrespective of which H-2 was used for in vivo priming. PMID- 6214504 TI - In vitro induction of suppressor T-cells in delayed-type hypersensitivity to BCG and an essential role of I-J positive accessory cells. AB - Antigen-specific suppressor T-cells in delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) to BCG were induced in vitro. Normal spleen cells of C3H/He mice were incubated with 50 micrograms of PPD per ml for 4 days at 37 degrees C, and the non-adherent cells in the culture were transferred intravenously into cyclophosphamide (CY)-treated syngeneic recipients. The recipients were immunized to BCG immediately after the cell transfer, and DTH was measured by the footpad reaction to PPD two weeks later. Footpad reaction to PPD was positive in CY-treated C3H/He mice immunized to BCG, while it was suppressed by the transfer of the in vitro induced suppressor cells. When the suppressor cells were treated with anti-thy-1.2 antiserum and complement before transfer, the suppression was abrogated. Next, the spleen cells were separated into plastic adherent and non-adherent fractions. After treatment with anti-thy-1.2 and complement, the adherent cells were treated with either anti-I-Jk or anti-I-Ak antiserum and complement. Then, they were reconstituted with the non-adherent cells and cultured with PPD. Treatment of the adherent cells with anti-I-Jk antiserum and complement abrogated the suppressor cell induction, while the treatment with anti-I-Ak had no effect. These facts indicate that I-J positive non-T-adherent cells play an essential role in the induction of suppressor cells in DTH. PMID- 6214503 TI - The modulation of murine immune responses by methyl-B12. AB - We examined the effect of methyl-B12 on the immune system. As a result, it was revealed that methyl-B12 enhanced antibody production in the in vitro system and that this activity was the strongest with methyl-B12 among the homologues of B12 examined, being nearly as strong as that of Levamisole. It was also revealed that methyl-B12 can exert an enhancing activity on the induction of suppressor T cells Con A. These facts suggest that methyl-B12 has a therapeutic effect against spontaneous incidence of diseases in NZA/W mice. These immunomodulative activities of methyl-B12 and their therapeutic significance against immune disorders were discussed. PMID- 6214505 TI - Histochemical & biochemical changes in SDH and m-ATPase activities during regeneration of heterotopic autotransplantation of a slow and a fast muscle in adult albino rat Rattus norvegicus. PMID- 6214506 TI - Suppression of lymphocyte reactivity to phytohemagglutinin & mixed lymphocyte culture by human placental syncytiotrophoblast. PMID- 6214507 TI - Failure of placental syncytiotrophoblast to provoke allogeneic recognition by lymphocytes in vitro. PMID- 6214508 TI - Genetic regulation of the antibody response to H-2Db alloantigens in mice. V. Control by several genes of the H-2 complex in mice of the C57BL/10 background. AB - The cytotoxic antibody response to the H-2Db alloantigen has been investigated in ten strains of the C57BL/10 background. Three types of responses could be distinguished: no detectable response, an IgM response, and an IgG response. The IgG response is influenced by the D and probably the I-A region of the H-2 complex, whereas the IgM response is dependent on the allele for the E beta chain. The hypothesis is proposed that regulatory T cells, which recognize the antigen in context of self MHC molecules, determine the outcome of an anti-H-2Db immunization in which the I-E molecule restricts the IgM response; the D molecule is probably responsible for activation of suppressor T cells which suppress only the IgG response. PMID- 6214509 TI - A survey of adverse effects of drugs in an outpatient population. PMID- 6214511 TI - Dental care for the handicapped adolescent. AB - A total of 932 physically, mentally and multiple handicapped children, including many adolescents, were examined at their special schools in a mobile dental unit, during a 4-year pilot period, and 744 were treated. Their dental needs were compared with those of 450 children at normal schools. Although a greater proportion of handicapped children were caries-free, more required extractions and periodontal treatment. In the group aged 12-16 years there were more decayed teeth, more missing teeth and fewer fillings than in the controls of the same age. Over 90 per cent of the 744 children were treated satisfactorily in the mobile clinic, cooperation being acceptable in 79 per cent. Only 2 per cent were totally uncooperative and required a general anaesthetic, even for an examination. In total, 8.5 per cent of the children received some treatment under general anaesthesia. Treatment should aim to create understanding by adolescent or parent of good dental health, to obtain oral health, to create the most pleasing appearance possible, to encourage acceptance of further treatment and, where possible, to involve adolescent patients by providing treatment along normal lines. PMID- 6214510 TI - Effects of local immunization with glucosyltransferase on colonization of hamsters by Streptococcus mutans. AB - Experiments were performed to study the effect of antibody to Streptococcus mutans glucosyltransferase (GTF) on the implantation of these organisms in hamsters. Salivary (immunoglobulin A) and serum (immunoglobulin G) antibodies to GTF and GTF-inhibiting activity were elicited by injection of GTF in Freund complete adjuvant in the salivary gland region. Sham-immunized and GTF-immunized groups were then orally challenged with approximately 10(7), 10(8), or 10(9) colony-forming units of cariogenic S. mutans 6715. The results were evaluated by systematically swabbing molars 4 days and approximately 4 weeks after challenge. In general, fewer GTF-immunized hamsters became infected with S. mutans after challenge with 10(7) or 10(8) organisms than did identically challenged sham immunized hamsters. Of the animals that did become infected, fewer S. mutans colony-forming units were recovered from GTF-immunized hamsters. These results indicate that the presence of antibody to GTF can diminish the ability of S. mutans to implant in the oral cavity of immunized hamsters. PMID- 6214512 TI - Effect of prolactin inhibition by bromocriptine on testicular metabolism in the adult rat. AB - Administration of bromocriptine resulted in a decrease of testicular tissue somatic index, total, structural and soluble protein concentrations. The catabolic phase of carbohydrate metabolism was enhanced. Consequently, the required metabolites for increased citric acid cycle activity were provided by increased glycolytic activity. The pre-requisite metabolites needed for spermatogenic processes were accumulated in the testis, due to their non utilization. The results obtained suggest a specific influence of prolactin inhibition on testicular metabolism in the adult rat. PMID- 6214513 TI - The economics of disabilities: international perspectives. AB - The impact of disability within a nation is mediated by the provisions which exist for impairment prevention, for rehabilitation of people who are disabled and for coordination of the various social benefit and labor market actions taken with regard to disabled people and their families. The paper reviews available international research on the socio-economic impact of disability prevention and rehabilitation measures based upon a Rehabilitation International analysis of literature in this field from 40 countries and studies of the United Nations. Key issues include: the cost of disability, the family impacts, displacement from the labor force, social benefit and disability policies, and the application of cost/benefit analysis to these processes-the tool and its limitations. Available research confirms the United Nation study finding that while disability will create a cost in every society regardless of whether or not rehabilitation services exist, "the more a society recognizes these costs, and the more it attempts to ameliorate them through provision of adequate disability prevention and rehabilitation services, the greater is the overall economic return that may be expected." PMID- 6214514 TI - World statistics on disabled persons. AB - This report presents summarizing statistical data on the present situation of disabled people in the world. Besides the total number of the disabled, national estimates are given. Special reports are dedicated to some groups of disabled people, like disabled children, disabled women, families of disabled people, the economic situation of such families, and the mentally disabled. In addition the situation in developed and developing countries is described. Starting from actual trends the tasks and objectives of research are reported. PMID- 6214516 TI - Warfarin-induced skin necrosis: an obscure complication of anticoagulant therapy. PMID- 6214515 TI - Current status in sebum knowledge. PMID- 6214517 TI - Obesity and diabetes - a possible experimental model of maturity-onset-type diabetes. AB - This study aimed to acquire a possible experimental model of obese non-insulin dependent diabetes. Around 230 g Sprague-Dawley female rats were divided into 4 gp: (1) sham ventromedial hypothalamic (VMH) lesioned rats fed low-fat diet (control rats); (2) VMH lesioned rats fed low-fat diet; (3) sham VMH lesioned rats fed high-fat diet and (4) VMH lesioned rats fed high fat diet, and they were observed for 10 weeks (Exp. 1). This experiment was repeated using rats treated by small doses of streptozotocin (5 mg/kg) (Exp. 2). Body weight was measured weekly, blood glucose, every other week and serum insulin, at the end of the experiments. VMH obese rats fed low-fat diet showed normal levels of fasting blood glucose with hyperinsulinemia. VMH obese rats fed high-fat diet showed mildly elevated levels of fasting blood glucose (155 +/- 8 mg/dl as compared to 125 +/- 3 mg/dl of controls) with hyperinsulinemia (5.92 +/- 0.61 ng/ml). Streptozotocin treated VMH obese rats fed low-fat diet did not show increasing levels of fasting blood glucose, while streptozotocin treated VMH obese rats fed high-fat diet showed marked elevation of fasting blood glucose (229 +/- 23 mg/dl). The latter group of rats also had hyperinsulinemia (3.82 +/- 0.45 ng/ml compared to 1.36 +/- 0.14 ng/ml of controls), although concentrations of serum insulin were decreased by streptozotocin treatment compared to levels of VMH obese rats fed high-fat diet. These results demonstrated that VMH obese rats fed high-fat diet showed milk hyperglycemia with hyperinsulinemia. Following treatment of small doses of streptozotocin, VMH obese rats fed high fat diet showed marked hyperglycemia with hyperinsulinemia. The profile of these rats resembles that of maturity onset-type diabetes which accompanies with obesity and hyperinsulinemia. PMID- 6214518 TI - The effect of a saccharose-rich diet on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism of streptozotocin-diabetic rats and genetically determined 'diabetic' mice (gg diab). AB - Streptocotocin-diabetic rats were fed with a saccharose-rich diet (68 per cent saccharose) for 37 weeks. Serum levels of insulin, triglycerides, and cholesterol were determined thereafter as well as the lesions of kidneys by histologically evaluation. For the second series of experiments, genetically determined diabetic mice (transient hyperglycemia, low k-value, but no glucosuria), were fed with the saccharose-rich diet for eight weeks. Thereafter the serum levels of insulin, triglycerides, and cholesterol were determined as well as secretion and biosynthesis of insulin of isolated pancreatic mouse islets. The metabolic parameters and the determination of the kidney lesions revealed that saccharose feeding deteriorates the diabetic state of streptocotocin-diabetic rats: the levels of serum glucose, urine volume and urinary glucose rose rapidly in the saccharose-fed diabetic rats. These animals showed significantly higher levels of triglycerides and cholesterol after 18 and 37 weeks compared with diabetic rats fed a control diet (68 per cent starch). The kidney lesions became still more severely expressed by saccharose-rich diet. On the other hand, no major differences in the serum parameters of saccharose- or starch-fed genetically determined mice could be noticed: no manifestation of diabetes could be provoked in these latent-diabetic mice. PMID- 6214519 TI - Many faces of depression in patients with chronic pain. AB - Depression is commonly associated with chronic pain patients. How common is it and what are its manifestations? Research findings are unclear. Besides, depression is defined by some as a syndrome and by others as an affect or symptom. This leads to further confusion. This paper attempts to answer those questions by a selected review of the pertinent literature and case examples to demonstrate reactive, clinical and masked depression and also depression as an affect or symptom. Some of the treatment issues are considered. PMID- 6214520 TI - Studies on the cell-mediated immune response of tonsillar lymphocytes with regard to the clinical course and patient's age. AB - There was no statistically significant difference in the intensity of the cell mediated immune response of tonsillar T cells among different pathological conditions of the tonsils nor among different age groups. The tonsillar cell population of the adult was smaller than that of the child. Tonsillar cells were separated into 3 fractions with different specific gravities. In tonsillar cells from adults, fraction III consisting mainly of small lymphocytes with a high specific gravity occupied a larger portion than in those from children. Fraction I consisting of cells with a low specific gravity had a greater number of cells in the swollen tonsils of children than in the tonsils of adults. However, the absolute numbers of the cells in fraction III in adults and in children were nearly the same. The proportion of T cells in fraction III was higher than in fraction I. Hence, the proportion of T cells in adults' tonsils is higher than in children's tonsils. The cells composing fraction I include some cells that have undergone blastoid transformation in response to various stimuli and some lymphoid cells that are ontogenetically immature T cells, besides mature T cells. The cells composing fraction III include fully mature T cells and the total cell population of fraction III does not differ significantly with age. It seems likely that the child's tonsil contains a larger number of cells under antigenic stimulation or in preparation for immune response than does the adult's tonsil. PMID- 6214521 TI - Rapid development of cardiac failure in a 45-year-old man. PMID- 6214522 TI - Serioangiographic study of protective action of cyproterone acetate against renal vasospasm following testosterone plus vasopressin administration in rats. PMID- 6214523 TI - Effect of copper on carbohydrate metabolism in rats. AB - Rats fed a copper-poor diet were found to have a reduced plasma insulin response to an oral glucose load in comparison with rats fed a copper-supplemented diet. In addition, the increment in plasma glucose above the fasting level at 60 min and at 120 min was significantly higher in rats maintained on the copper-poor diets. In vitro glucose incorporation into diaphragm glycogen and into epididymal fat-pad lipids was stimulated greater than twofold by the addition of 100 micrograms/ml CuCl2 to the incubation medium. In tissues of streptozotocin diabetic rats, the stimulatory effect of copper on glucose incorporation in vitro was also noted, but was significantly smaller. These results indicate that glucose utilization by peripheral tissues and insulin release may be added to the many vital functions for which copper is essential. PMID- 6214524 TI - Suppressor cells in cyclophosphamide-treated autoimmune mice. PMID- 6214525 TI - Know your organizations: the Back Pain Association. PMID- 6214526 TI - Self help groups for back pain sufferers. PMID- 6214527 TI - Histochemical properties and innervation pattern of fast and slow-tonic fibre types of the anterior latissimus dorsi muscle of the chick. AB - The anterior latissimus dorsi muscle of the chick is largely composed of slow tonic fibres but contains a few fast fibres defined by their acid-labile, alkali stable myofibrillar ATPase activity. These fibres are referred to as alpha fibres. Differing from the slow-tonic (alpha' and beta') fibres which are multiply innervated with en grappe endings, the alpha (fast) fibres are innervated by typical en plaque endings. The innervation of thirty-two alpha fibres were studied closely and it was concluded that about a half of the alpha fibres were focally innervated whereas a half were innervated in two distinct loci by en plaque endings. In only one case, a fast fibre with three widely spaced en plaque endings was observed. The mean intersynaptic length was significantly larger on alpha fibres than on alpha' and beta' fibres. No variation in the histochemical properties of myofibrillar ATPase was observed either along the entire length of singly and dually innervated alpha fibres, or along alpha' and beta' fibres. It is concluded that the three extrafusal fibre types of the anterior latissimus dorsi muscle maintain uniform histochemical characteristics along their length in spite of a possible innervation by several motoneurons. PMID- 6214528 TI - Myocardial cell heterogeneity in the human heart with respect to myosin ATPase activity. AB - The PH sensitivity of the Ca2+-activated myosin ATPase in atrial, ventricular and conduction tissue of human hearts has been established. Heterogeneity with respect to ATPase activity is shown not only to exist between the atrial, the ventricular myocardium and the conduction system but also within both the ordinary atrial and ventricular myocardium and within the conduction system. These observations are related to the polymorphism of the myosin molecule and suggest that fibre types with different contractile properties co-exist in the human heart. PMID- 6214529 TI - Familial rheumatoid arthritis: a kindred identified through a proband with seronegative juvenile arthritis includes members with seropositive, adult-onset disease. AB - Segregation of chromosome #6 markers has been studied in a large family, identified by a proband with seronegative, juvenile-onset rheumatoid arthritis, which contains four other individuals with adult-onset rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Two of the adult-onset patients have classical seropositive RA. Sera from two healthy members of this family also contain rheumatoid factors (RF). Six family members had crossovers in the short arm of chromosome #6. Three individuals with recombinants between HLA-B and HLA-D were identified; three others had identifiable crossovers between HLA-D and GLO (Glyoxylase 1). Linkage analysis suggested that susceptibility to RA in this family was influenced by a dominant gene located centromeric to HLA-B. The highest lod score (1.64) was obtained for linkage to GLO at a recombination rate of zero. Inheritance of specific chromosome #6 or Gm immunoglobulin allotype markers did not appear to influence serum RF. These results agree with previous family studies which suggest that acquisition of childhood- and adult-onset RA is influenced by a common disease susceptibility gene, linked to the major histocompatibility gene complex. PMID- 6214530 TI - Reconstruction of the lower anterior abdominal wall for a massive defect using the tensor fasciae latae myocutaneous flap: report of case. PMID- 6214531 TI - Recurrent aphthous stomatitis: review of the literature. PMID- 6214533 TI - Mixed beam radiotherapy and combination chemotherapy in localized pancreatic adenocarcinoma-preliminary results. AB - A pilot study of mixed beam radiotherapy (fast neutrons alternating with photons) followed by combination chemotherapy with SMF (streptozotocin, 5-fluorouracil, mitomycin C) in localized pancreatic cancer was performed. Thirteen patients were treated and a median survival of 10.0 months was noted (range 5-30+). Toxicity was mild to moderate. Further studies of sequential radiation and chemotherapy are indicated. PMID- 6214532 TI - A comparison of the cytological effects of three hypoxic cell radiosensitizers. AB - Misonidazole has entered Phase III clinical trials as a hypoxic cell radiosensitizer. Neurotoxocity is the major dose-limiting factor and has prompted the development of two further compounds with reduced lipophilicity and shorter half-life in vivo. Aside from the short-term problem of neurotoxocity, other potential long-term consequences should be considered. Such is the purpose of this investigation where the cytological effects of three radiosensitizers upon oxic and hypoxic Chinese hamster V-79 cells have been examined. Two newer compounds, desmethylmisonidazole and Stanford Research compound 2508, were compared with their clinically used predecessor, misonidazole. Under aerated conditions, cell killing was increased with SR-2508 in a concentration and time dependent manner, so as to exceed by more than three times the level produced by the other two drugs at 5 mM for 72 hours. Cell progression into mitosis was also markedly reduced by as much as 1/10,000 of control values. However, as the three compounds induced similar frequencies of sister chromatid exchange (SCE) and chromosome aberration, the enhanced cytotoxic effect of SR-2508 appears to be mediated via an interphase rather than a post-mitotic cell death. Cells were made hypoxic and treated with the three drugs for 4 hr, then mitoses sequentially collected for 16 hr. The three compounds produced similar levels of cell killing, slowing of cell cycle progression, SCE's and chromosome aberrations, with cycle specific effect on S and G-1 phase cells for SCE induction. These results indicate that desmethylmisonidazole and misonidazole have similar cytotoxic and clastogenic properties under oxic and hypoxic conditions. SR-2508 is relatively more toxic to aerated cells and may deserve close clinical observation for toxicity to normal tissues; further, all three agents may enhance DNA damage and mutagenesis in tissues that are normally hypoxic. PMID- 6214534 TI - Reduced training duration effects on aerobic power, endurance, and cardiac growth. AB - Thirteen subjects participated in an exercise program of bicycling and running 40 min/day, 6 days/wk. After 10 wk they continued to train either 26 of 13 min/day for an additional 15 wk. Intensity and frequency for the additional 15 wk remained the same as the last 3 wk of training. This study was undertaken to gain further insights into whether the increases in maximum uptake (VO2 max), endurance, and cardiac size can be maintained with reduced training durations. The average increases in VO2 max in response to 10 wk training were between 10 and 20% during the bicycle and treadmill testing. After reduced training, VO2 max continued to remain at the training levels in both groups. Short-term endurance (approx 5 min) was also maintained by both groups. Long-term endurance (2 h or more) remained the same in the 26-min group but decreased significantly (10%, 139 123 min) in the 13-min group. Calculated left ventricular mass increased 15-20% after training and remained elevated after reduced training in both groups. We conclude that it is possible to maintain almost all of the performance increases with up to a two-thirds reduction of training duration. Nevertheless, the data provide initial evidence that all aspects of the endurance-trained state may not be regulated uniformly in reduced training, particularly since VO2 max and short term endurance were maintained, but long-term endurance decreased in the 13-min group. PMID- 6214535 TI - Exercise and cardiac performance capacity in rats with partial sympathectomy. AB - This study was undertaken to examine maximal oxygen uptake (VO2 max) and heart rate (HR) during exercise, in situ derived cardiac contractile capacity, and Ca2+ regulation of cardiac myofibril ATPase in normal female rats and in rats with partial sympathectomy (SYMX) induced by chronic injections of guanethidine. Also, normal control (NC) rats were studied during exercise with and without the beta 1 blocking drug atenolol. The results show that SYMX did not have any effect on Ca2+-regulated cardiac myofibril ATPase activity. Also similar cardiac functional capacity, as reflected in left ventricular pressure development and +dP/dtmax, was observed for both groups when the heart was stressed by either exogenous norepinephrine or maximal afterload (aortic constriction). Exercise VO2 max was reduced by 15% (P less than 0.05) in the SYMX compared to the NC group. Although this reduction in VO2 max corresponded to a parallel reduction in HRmax, NC rats with cardiac beta-blockade attained normal VO2 max even though their exercise HRmax was below the SYMX group. These findings suggest that normal rats with attenuated HR and contractility have a better capacity to acutely maintain VO2 max during exercise than rats with chemical sympathectomy. PMID- 6214536 TI - A rapid technique for dynamic calibration of electromagnetic flowmeters. AB - A new technique for the dynamic calibration of electromagnetic flowmeters has been developed that uses a simple transistor circuit and is suitable for both sine- and square-wave flowmeters. The magnet current is amplitude modulated using a square wave at a frequency of 1 Hz to provide a suitable input to the flowmeter. This input simulates the input that would have been generated is a square-wave oscillatory flow had been passed through a flow probe. The modulating square wave together with the square wave from the flowmeter output are sampled using a digital computer, and comparison of the Fourier transforms of the two waveforms yields a calibration of amplitude attentuation and phase lag for frequencies up to 50 Hz. The technique is very fast and thus allows multiple determinations of the calibration, which in turn lead to a more accurate calibration that has been achieved by other methods. The calibration of a Statham SP2202 flowmeter is presented providing an example of the technique. PMID- 6214537 TI - Reconstitution of neocarzinostatin (NCS). PMID- 6214538 TI - Effects of zearalenone (F2) on estrous activity and reproduction in gilts. AB - The effects of zearalenone on swine reproduction were investigated in two trials involving a total of 82 gilts which were allotted into three groups at puberty, mated at second estrus and slaughtered 80 d postbreeding. A control diet without mycotoxin (group 1) or an experimental diet containing 3.61 ppm (first trial) or 4.33 ppm zearalenone (second trial) were fed at a mean daily level of 2 kg/animal. The experimental diet was fed from puberty to mating (group 2) or during pregnancy (group 3). No difference was observed between the two trials. When fed to nonpregnant gilts, zearalenone induced a pseudopregnancy state in 45% of the animals; no estrus was detected within 50 d following puberty and corpora lutea developed at puberty were maintained. The uterine horns were edematous. Reproductive performance measured at 80 d postmating (ovulation rate, weight of corpora lutea, number of normal and abnormal fetuses, embryonic mortality) were not affected by zearalenone intake. But when zearalenone was fed during pregnancy, weights of uterus, placental membranes and fetuses were significantly decreased in comparison with those of control gilts and heterogeneity of fetuses in the same litter was increased. Hematocrit and erythrocyte count were lower in fetuses from gilts ingesting zearalenone, but hematology of the dams remained unaffected. No mycotoxin residue could be detected in gilts or fetal tissues despite the great consequences observed on cyclicity of the females or on the development of embryos. This experiment showed evidence of the estrogenic properties of zearalenone in mature gilts. PMID- 6214539 TI - Effect of dietary alfalfa on zearalenone toxicity and metabolism in rats and swine. AB - Experiments were conducted with rats and swine to determine the potential of dietary alfalfa as a treatment for zearalenone (Z) toxicosis. Ninety-six female weanling Wistar rats were fed a casein-based semipurified diet containing 0, 15 or 25% alfalfa and 0 or 250 micrograms Z/g feed. Exposure to Z for 14 d resulted in reduced growth, feed consumption and feed efficiency as well as kidney and liver enlargement and reduced activity of 3 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3 alpha-HSD). Z had no effect on uterine weight. Including alfalfa in these diets reduced the inhibitory effects of Z on growth and feed consumption, minimized Z induced liver enlargement and increased hepatic 3 alpha-HSD activity. Dietary alfalfa also reduced concentrations of residual Z and zearalenols (Zl) in liver. In a second experiment, 108 Yorkshire gilts weighing 8 to 11 kg were fed diets containing 0, 15 or 25% alfalfa and 0, 10, 20 or 40 micrograms Z/g feed for 4 wk. Z caused uterine enlargement when fed as low as 10 micrograms/g feed, although no effects were seen in growth rate, feed consumption or feed efficiency. Alfalfa decreased uterine enlargement (P less than .05), but caused a depression in feed efficiency (P less than .05). Hepatic 3 alpha-HSD activity was five times lower in swine than in rats, although activity still tended to decrease with Z and increase with alfalfa feeding. Residues of Z and Zl in pig liver indicated species differences in the metabolism of Z. These studies show that dietary alfalfa promotes Z metabolism in rats and that this feedstuff may also be useful for treating Z toxicosis in livestock. PMID- 6214540 TI - The use of antibiotics in acne therapy: oral or topical administration? PMID- 6214541 TI - Autorhythmometry--a new concept in biology and health education. PMID- 6214542 TI - Cochlear implant: new hope for the totally deaf. PMID- 6214543 TI - Medicine and environment. PMID- 6214544 TI - Analysis of lambda insertions in the fucose utilization region of Escherichia coli K-12: use of lambda fuc and lambda argA transducing bacteriophages to partially order the fucose utilization genes. AB - Escherichia coli K-12 strains have deletions for the normal lambda integration site were lysogenized with bacteriophage lambda at a site within the L-fucose utilization system (fuc). The frequency of lambda integration at this site is approximately 2 X 10(-8) to 5 X 10(-7). Studies of the lytic properties of these strains indicated very infrequent cell lysis with a relatively low phage burst size. Transductional ability of the phage lysates was found to be normal, comparable to that found in conventional low-frequency transducing lysates. Two major classes of transducing phage were found. One carried the markers argA and fucA (a fucose utilization gene of unknown function previously referred to as fuc 1) and the gene for D-arabinose utilization (dar+). The other carried only fucC, the gene specifying L-fuculose-1-phosphate aldolase. A minor class of phage was found that carried fucA, but not argA or dar+. Upon consideration of the transductional nature of these phage classes, we are proposing that the gene order for the L-fucose utilization system is dar, fucA, (lambda), fucC. PMID- 6214546 TI - Regulation of D-arabinose utilization in Escherichia coli K-12. AB - Studies involving lambda phage transduction of the D-arabinose utilization gene (dar+) in Escherichia coli K-12 indicated the product of this gene to be a transdominant activator. An apparent anomaly regarding this hypothesis exists in that a diploid recessive lysogen (lambda dar-/dar-) can spontaneously become capable of growth on D-arabinose. PMID- 6214545 TI - Polyamine-deficient Neurospora crassa mutants and synthesis of cadaverine. AB - The polyamine path of Neurospora crassa originates with the decarboxylation of ornithine to form putrescine (1,4-diaminobutane). Putrescine acquires one or two aminopropyl groups to form spermidine or spermine, respectively. We isolated an ornithine decarboxylase-deficient mutant and showed the mutation to be allelic with two previously isolated polyamine-requiring mutants. We here name the locus spe-1. The three spe-1 mutants form little or no polyamines and grow well on medium supplemented with putrescine, spermidine, or spermine. Cadaverine (1,5 diaminopentane), a putrescine analog, supports very slow growth of spe-1 mutants. An arginase-deficient mutant (aga) can be deprived of ornithine by growth in the presence of arginine, because arginine feedback inhibits ornithine synthesis. Like spe-1 cultures, the ornithine-deprived aga culture failed to make the normal polyamines. However, unlike spe-1 cultures, it had highly derepressed ornithine decarboxylase activity and contained cadaverine and aminopropylcadaverine (a spermidine analog), especially when lysine was added to cells. Moreover, the ornithine-deprived aga culture was capable of indefinite growth. It is likely that the continued growth is due to the presence of cadaverine and its derivatives and that ornithine decarboxylase is responsible for cadaverine synthesis from lysine. In keeping with this, an inefficient lysine decarboxylase activity (Km greater than 20 mM) was detectable in N. crassa. It varied in constant ratio with ornithine decarboxylase activity and was wholly absent in the spe-1 mutants. PMID- 6214547 TI - Physiological adaptation to the loss of amino acid transport ability. AB - A strain of Neurospora crassa devoid of constitutive amino acid transport ability can utilize arginine as the sole nitrogen source. Nitrogen starvation, presence of arginine, and mutational inactivation of the general permease are key factors in signaling production of an extracellular enzyme which removes the alpha-amino group from the amino acid. PMID- 6214548 TI - Application of hybrid plasmids carrying glycolysis genes to ATP production by Escherichia coli. AB - The closely linked structural genes of phosphofructokinase (pfkA) and triosephosphate isomerase (tpi) of Escherichia coli were separately cloned onto plasmid pBR322. By gene dosage effects, transformed cells of E. coli C600 with these pBR322 hybrid plasmids showed 7- and 16-fold increases in the specific activities of phosphofructokinase and triosephosphate isomerase, respectively, over the specific activities in C600. Dried preparations of E. coli cells dosed with these genes showed appreciably high ATP-regenerating activity. PMID- 6214549 TI - Difference between smooth and skeletal muscle myosins in the stoichiometry of their reactions with ATP: identical and nonidentical two-headed structures of smooth and skeletal muscle myosins. PMID- 6214550 TI - The teratogenic mechanism of 6-aminonicotinamide on limb formation of chick embryos: abnormalities in the biosynthesis of glycosaminoglycans and proteoglycans in micromelia. AB - After a dose of 10 micrograms of 6-aminonicotinamide (6-AN) was administered to day-4- chick embryo in ovo, micromelia was obviously observed in the hind limbs of 7-day chick embryos. We examined the teratogenic mechanism of 6-AN by using the normal or micromelial hind limbs (buds) from day 5 to day 7, with special attention to the biosynthesis of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) and proteoglycan as an index of limb chondrogenesis. The present study provides evidence for abnormalities in the levels of GAG or proteoglycan biosynthesis in the micromelial hind limbs (buds). 1) Both [35S]sulfate and [3H]glucosamine incorporation into GAG per 10 limbs or mg DNA of the micromelia were inhibited, suggesting a decrease of GAG synthesis. 2) The micromelial limbs synthesized low sulfated chondroitin sulfate (chondroitin) as judged by the 35S/3H ratio, the proportion of unsulfated disaccharide (delta Di-0S), and the result of cellulose acetate electrophoresis, although there were no significant differences in the approximate molecular size of 35S-chondroitin sulfates synthesized between the normal and micromelial limbs. 3) PAPS-synthesizing activity in the micromelial limbs was markedly inhibited, and this may result in the production of low sulfated proteoglycan. 4) The transition from mesenchymal- to cartilage-specific proteoglycan synthesis did not appear in the micromelial limbs as judged by the sedimentation profiles. 5) 6-AN caused marked reductions in the oxygen consumption and ATP level of the micromelial limbs, thereby causing the defect in PAPS formation. We suggest that these 6-AN-induced sequential molecular defects (the reduction of respiratory activity, ATP and PAPS level, and concomitant interference with GAG and proteoglycan biosynthesis) in the limbs (buds) during the critical period of limb morphogenesis must be major factors resulting in the cartilage growth retardation or disorder, i.e., micromelia. PMID- 6214551 TI - Calcium transport and ATPase activities of sarcoplasmic reticulum with adenosine 5'-O-(2-thiotriphosphate) diastereomers as substrates. PMID- 6214552 TI - A conformational study of the binding of a high mobility group protein with chromatin. AB - The nature of the binding of a high mobility group protein (HMG 17) to native and H1-H5-depleted chicken erythrocyte chromatin was studied, as a function of ionic strength, using circular dichroism and thermal denaturation techniques. The circular dichroism properties of the HMG 17-reconstituted whole chromatin and H1 H5-depleted chromatin demonstrated that a condensation of chromatin structure occurred upon HMG 17 binding at low ionic strength (1 mM Na phosphate, 0.25 mM EDTA, pH 7.0). Thermal denaturation profiles confirmed this change in the structure of chromatin induced by HMG 17. Thermal denaturation profiles were resolved into three-component transitions. In general, a shift in the temperature of maximum dh/dT for each transition (Tm) was observed for all transitions upon HMG 17 binding. DNA melting in the first transition, originating from linker regions of whole chromatin, was nearly totally depleted and was distributed mainly into the highest melting transition. The same trends were also observed in H1-H5-depleted chromatin. These results indicate that the binding sites of HMG 17 are situated in the linker regions immediately adjacent to the core. The nature of the interaction of HMG 17 at higher ionic strength (50 mM NaCl, 1 mM Na phosphate, 0.25 mM EDTA, pH 7.0) with whole chromatin and H1-H5-depleted chromatin was found to be different but a decrease in [theta] values was found in both chromatins. These observations suggest that HMG 17 does not loosen chromatin structure but produces an overall stabilization and condensation of structure. The implications of these results to the currently accepted models of transcriptionally active chromatin are discussed. PMID- 6214553 TI - The use of 2',3'-O-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl) adenosine 5'-triphosphate for studies of nucleotide interaction with sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles. AB - The ATP analogue 2',3'-O-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl) adenosine 5'-triphosphate (TNP ATP) was used to study nucleotide site stoichiometry and interactions in sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) vesicles. The TNP absorption spectrum in the visible region undergoes a specific change upon binding of the nucleotide to SR ATPase. Equilibrium binding was therefore measured by differential spectrophotometry. In parallel experiments, TNP-[gamma-32P]ATP binding was measured directly by radioisotope distribution. The maximum number of nucleotide sites was estimated to be 8 nmol/mg of protein in SR vesicles. These binding sites can be separated into two distinct groups of different affinity. Accordingly, 10-100 microM ATP displaces a maximum of only 4 nmol of TNP-ATP/mg of protein from high affinity sites which are considered to be specific for enzyme catalysis. Free TNP-ATP in aqueous solution yields a weak fluorescence signal which is slightly increased upon binding of the analogue to SR ATPase. However, a pronounced fluorescence enhancement and a spectral change are observed when ATP is added in concentrations permitting partial occupancy of the specific sites by TNP-ATP. This effect is strictly dependent on ATP utilization by the SR ATPase, inasmuch as it requires Ca2+, and it is not produced by adenyl-5'-yl-imidodiphosphate. The fluorescence enhancement is reversible upon exhaustion of added ATP. It is concluded that TNP-ATP acts as a reporter of an ATPase conformational change following enzyme phosphorylation of the catalytic site by ATP, and that the observed conformational change is operative in the mechanism of calcium site translocation for active transport. Furthermore, the sensitivity of the bound analogue to the phosphorylation reaction is likely to be related to nucleotide regulation of enzyme turnover. PMID- 6214554 TI - Catalytic site cooperativity of beef heart mitochondrial F1 adenosine triphosphatase. Correlations of initial velocity, bound intermediate, and oxygen exchange measurements with an alternating three-site model. PMID- 6214555 TI - Inhibition of the plasma membrane [H+]-ATPase of Neurospora crassa by N ethylmaleimide. Protection by nucleotides. AB - Pre-incubation of the plasma membrane [H+]-ATPase of Neurospora crassa with the sulfhydryl reagent, N-ethylmaleimide (NEM), leads to a marked inhibition of ATPase activity. Loss of activity depends upon preincubation pH and follows pseudo-first order kinetics with respect to NEM concentration. MgATP, the physiological substrate for ATPase activity, protects against NEM inactivation with an average dissociation constant of 1.5 mM at 0 degrees C. This value agrees well with the measured Km for MgATP hydrolysis (1.3 mM at 30 degrees C and 0.9 mM at 15 degrees C). MgADP also protects against NEM inhibition with an average KD of 0.18 mM at 0 degrees C; MgADP is a competitive inhibitor of enzyme activity, with a Ki of 0.08 mM at 30 degrees C and 0.09 mM at 15 degrees C. Free ATP and ADP, as well as other Mg nucleotides (MgGTP, MgCTP, and MgUTP) which are hydrolyzed at much slower rates than MgATP, exert smaller protective effects. These results suggest that nucleotides protect against NEM inhibition by binding to the catalytic site of the ATPase. NEM can therefore be used as a probe to study the nature of enzyme-ligand interactions. PMID- 6214556 TI - Biological disulfides: the third messenger? Modulation of phosphofructokinase activity by thiol/disulfide exchange. AB - Rabbit muscle phosphofructokinase is rapidly inactivated at pH 8.0 by incubation with low concentrations of oxidized glutathione, Coenzyme A glutathione mixed disulfide, and oxidized Coenzyme A. The inactivation is first order in disulfide concentration over the concentration ranges examined (50-200 microM), and is approximately 8-fold slower at pH 7.0 than at pH 8.0. The substrates ATP and fructose 6-phosphate protect against inactivation while effector molecules such as AMP, cAMP, and citrate do not. The oxidation of the enzyme by disulfides is fully reversible. The equilibrium constant for the reaction Ered + GSSG in equilibrium Eox + GSH at pH 8.0 is 7.1 in the absence of substrates and 2.5 in the presence of 0.1 mM ATP. For comparison, the equilibrium constant for the reaction CoASH + GSSG in equilibrium CoASSG + GSH was found to be 3.1 at pH 8.0. These equilibrium constants for thiol/disulfide exchange are such that modulation of phosphofructokinase activity by thiol/disulfide exchange in vivo is feasible. The ability of the thiol/disulfide ratio in vivo to modulate the activity of the fructose 6-phosphate/fructose 1,6-diphosphate futile cycle is discussed. The possibility is considered that modulation of the thiol/disulfide ratio in vivo may serve as a "third messenger" in response to cAMP levels, and that the activity of key enzymes of glycolysis/gluconeogenesis may be regulated in response to changing thiol/disulfide ratios. PMID- 6214557 TI - Mechanism of ATP hydrolysis by beef heart mitochondrial ATPase. Rate constants for elementary steps in catalysis at a single site. PMID- 6214558 TI - Mechanism of ATP hydrolysis by beef heart mitochondrial ATPase. Rate enhancements resulting from cooperative interactions between multiple catalytic sites. PMID- 6214559 TI - Purification in high yield of brain fibroblast growth factor by preparative isoelectric focusing at pH 9.6. AB - The purification of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) from bovine brain has been reported (Gospodarowicz, D., Bialecki, H., and Greenburg G. (1978) J. Biol. Chem. 253, 3736-3743). Further studies have shown that bovine brain fibroblast growth factor is composed of three fragments derived by limited proteolysis from myelin basic protein (Westall, F. C., Lennon, V. A., and Gospodarowicz, D. (1978) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 75, 4675-4678). Two of these fragments (FGF-1 and -2) had a high specific mitogenic activity. In the presence study, we have used isoelectric focusing to purify brain FGF to homogeneity. The principal active components of brain FGF preparations partially purified by gel filtration on Sephadex G-75 can be recovered in high yield from isoelectric focusing in sucrose. These components have a pI of 9.6 and 9.54, respectively. Their electrophoretic mobility, amino acid composition, and biological properties are identical with those previously reported for FGF-1 and -2. PMID- 6214560 TI - Lumbar disc excision in children and adolescents. AB - Fifty patients, all of whom were sixteen years old or younger, underwent discectomy for a herniated lumbar disc at the Mayo Clinic between 1950 and 1976. Ninety-four per cent of the patients had had excellent or good initial relief of symptoms after the initial operation. Subsequently, however, twenty-eight of the thirty-seven patients who initially had undergone disc excision only required additional treatment for low-back pain or sciatica. Twelve of them required a second operation, consisting of nine discectomies (six with a concomitant spine fusion), two spine fusions alone, and one re-fusion. Of the thirty-seven patients who initially had had disc excision alone, three had a recurrent disc protrusion and five had a disc protrusion at another level. Of sixteen patients who had had multiple subtotal hemilaminectomies at the initial operation, either for involvement of multiple discs or for exploration, seven required reoperation. In the twelve patients who had had both a disc excision and a lumbar spine fusion as the initial operation, there were no recurrent disc protrusions and only one patient had a protrusion at another level. Follow-up on all patients ranged from five to thirty years (average, nineteen years). Ninety per cent of the patients stated that the condition of the back had little or no effect on their current way of life, despite the presence of continuing back complaints in some. However, we rated the results of the initial discectomy at follow-up as excellent or good in 73.5 per cent and poor in 26.5 per cent of the patients. PMID- 6214561 TI - Centrifugation shearing exposes filamentous networks in cortical regions of crane fly spermatocytes. AB - Spermatocytes of the crane-fly, Nephrotoma suturalis, were attached to electron microscope grids and then sheared by applying centrifugal force. Transmission electron microscopy of exposed regions of the cell cortex revealed networks containing arrays of filamentous structures. Networks were present in sheared spermatocytes at all stages of meiosis. The networks of dividing spermatocytes (meta- through telophase) were denser and appeared to contain more aggregated material then networks of prophase cells. The appearance of networks in spermatocytes resembled actin-containing networks of sheared and detergent extracted human erythrocytes. Networks treated with myosin subfragment 1 under conditions in which muscle F-actin was clearly decorated were not distinguishable from those of untreated cells. Exposure to deoxyribonuclease-1 caused the disruption of networks in sheared spermatocytes as well as in erythrocytes. The results of deoxyribonuclease experiments are interpreted as an indication that actin is a component of the cell cortex in crane-fly spermatocytes. PMID- 6214562 TI - Codistribution of heparan sulfate proteoglycan, laminin, and fibronectin in the extracellular matrix of normal rat kidney cells and their coordinate absence in transformed cells. AB - We used antibodies raised against both a heparan sulfate proteoglycan purified from a mouse sarcoma and a chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan purified from a rat yolk sac carcinoma to study the appearance and distribution of proteoglycans in cultured cells. Normal rat kidney cells displayed a fibrillar network of immunoreactive material at the cell surface when stained with antibodies to heparan sulfate proteoglycan, while virally transformed rat kidney cells lacked such a surface network. Antibodies to chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan revealed a punctate pattern on the surface of both cell types. The distribution of these two proteoglycans was compared to that of fibronectin by double-labeling immunofluorescent staining. The heparan sulfate proteoglycan was found to codistribute with fibronectin, and fibronectin and laminin gave coincidental stainings. The distribution of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan was not coincidental with that of fibronectin. Distinct fibers containing fibronectin but lacking chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan were observed. When the transformed cells were cultured in the presence of sodium butyrate, their morphology changed, and fibronectin, laminin, and heparan sulfate proteoglycan appeared at the cell surface in a pattern resembling that of normal cells. These results suggest that fibronectin, laminin, and heparan sulfate proteoglycan may be complexed at the cell surface. The proteoglycan may play a central role in assembly of such complexes since heparan sulfate has been shown to interact with both fibronectin and laminin. PMID- 6214563 TI - Heterogeneity of 14S and 30S dynein ATPase activities with respect to activation by calmodulin. AB - Demembranated cilia of Tetrahymena pyriformis were extracted with KCl or Tris EDTA and the crude dyneins from each resolved by sucrose density gradient sedimentation into 14S-K, 30S-K, 14S-E and 30S-E dyneins, respectively. The calmodulin activation ratio (ATPase activity in presence of added calmodulin/ATPase activity in absence of added calmodulin) did not vary across the 30S dynein fractions regardless of the method of extraction nor did it vary across the 14S-E region. However, in going from the "heavy" fractions to the "light" fractions of the 14S-K region, it increased markedly. The concentration of calmodulin required for half-maximal activation did not differ appreciably in the "light" versus the "heavy" fractions of the 14S-K region, suggesting that the affinity for calmodulin does not vary in these fractions. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis studies showed the presence of several polypeptides that varied in a systematic fashion across the 14S-K region and hence may be involved in regulating the sensitivity of 14S-K dynein ATPase activity to added calmodulin. PMID- 6214564 TI - Effects of calcium-regulating hormones and drugs on human monocyte chemiluminescence. AB - Chemiluminescence (CL) associated with phagocytosing monocytes has been used as an index of the oxygen dependent metabolic activity of these cells. Because of the relationships between monocytes and cells involved in bone resorption, we studied the effects on human monocyte CL of hormones and drugs active in mineral metabolism. Two-hour preincubations of monocytes with human PTH-(1-34), bovine PTH, or prostaglandin E2 caused significant decreases in peak CL during phagocytosis stimulated by the addition of latex particles. Similar studies with dichloromethylene diphosphonate, ethane hydroxydiphosphonate, or salmon calcitonin (sCT) caused significant increases in CL, whereas preincubation with human CT at the same molar concentration did not. CL was also decreased after preincubations with methylprednisolone or bacterial endotoxin. The effect of bovine PTH was dose dependent to concentrations as low as 10 ng/ml, was not fully present after a shorter 1-min preincubation with the hormone, and differed in an otherwise identical system using polymorphonuclear leukocytes instead of monocytes. The production of hydrogen peroxide by phagocytosing monocytes was also significantly affected by each of the drugs and hormones. The direction and magnitude of these changes were similar to those in CL experiments, except for the effects of sCT. These studies relate the oxygen-dependent function of phagocytes to mediators of bone resorption and provide a new system for studying the effects of hormones and drugs on the cellular elements of bone and blood. PMID- 6214567 TI - Consonant ordering in Down's syndrome phonology. AB - This paper explored one aspect of the phonology of a 4-yr-old child with Down's Syndrome. This child had a phonological constraint that ordered his consonants from those produced at the front of the mouth to those produced at the back of the mouth. This meant that in a CVC word, C1 could either be produced at the same place in the mouth as C2, or at a place more forward than C2, but that C1 could not be produced at a place in the mouth posterior to C2. It is argued in this paper that this Consonant Ordering Strategy (COS)--which is equivalent to Ingram's fronting strategy (Ingram, 1974a)--motivated all the consonant substitutions found in the subject's attempted pronunciations of CVC words. The paper concludes by showing the value of an analysis that recognize phonological strategies and larger-than-phoneme units. PMID- 6214565 TI - Changes in T-lymphocyte subsets during acute rheumatic fever. AB - Relative proportions and numbers of helper [OKT4(+)] and suppressor [OKT8(+)] peripheral blood lymphocytes were examined in 32 young patients during the acute phase of rheumatic fever. No significant decrease in percentage T cells during acute rheumatic fever was noted in comparison to normal children controls from the same population. A decrease in absolute numbers of OKT4(+) T cells was also noted in acute rheumatic subjects not receiving corticosteroids (P less than 0.05). In addition, a significant decrease was documented in both proportions and total numbers of OKT8(+) putative suppressor cells during acute rheumatic attacks. C-reactive protein binding to T-lymphocyte subsets showed no preferential reactivity in vivo for suppressor or helper T cells. Antigen reactive T lymphocytes identified with the T29 mouse hybridoma reagent showed similar proportions and numbers in rheumatic children as were noted in controls. The present data indicate profound alterations in both helper- and suppressor cell types in the peripheral blood profile of children with acute rheumatic fever. PMID- 6214566 TI - Immunoregulatory properties of childhood leukemias. AB - Investigation of in vitro humoral immune responses and immunoregulatory properties of leukemic cell was carried out in 17 children with acute leukemia prior to therapy. Leukemias were of the non-T, non-B-cell type in 13 patients and of T-cell origin in four. Bone marrow and peripheral blood cells consisted of 24 96% lymphoblasts and were generally deficient in surface Ig-positive cells. Induction of Ig secreting cells in response to pokeweed mitogen was markedly decreased in marrow and peripheral mononuclear cell cultures of leukemic patients. Co-culture of leukemic cells with normal lymphocytes led to marked deviations from the expected Ig secreting-cell response of the cell mixtures. The predominant effect was enhancement, as was the case with eight non-T, non-B-cell and one T-cell leukemia samples. Suppression of the Ig secreting-cell response was observed in only three instances, two with non-T, non-B-cell and one with T cell leukemia samples. These findings implicate non-T, non-B as well as more differentiated leukemic cells in having the potential for modifying Ig production by B cells. PMID- 6214569 TI - Dental management of acute leukemic. PMID- 6214568 TI - Infiltrative angiolipoma of the thoracoabdominal wall. PMID- 6214570 TI - Phenylketonuria and dentistry: review of the literature. PMID- 6214571 TI - Color of selected shades of composites by reflection spectrophotometry. PMID- 6214572 TI - Influence of chemicals on wear of dental composites. PMID- 6214573 TI - A comparative clinical study of two pit and fissure sealants: six-year results in Augusta, Ga. PMID- 6214574 TI - The regulation of mucosal immune system. PMID- 6214575 TI - Providing individualized nutritional care in a state institution for the mentally retarded. AB - The dietary department at Fernald is responsible for providing quality nutritional care to 900 residents with varying dietary needs. Faced with a complex food service system, a diverse population, and an objective to provide quality nutritional care to all the clients, the dietary department assigns each of 7 dietitians the clinical responsibility for approximately 125 to 130 clients housed in several residential buildings. The dietitians' primary responsibilities are clinical. As a liaison between the residential buildings and the dietary department, the dietitians provide important feedback to the food service director on acceptability of menu items. Inservice training of staff is also provided as needed. PMID- 6214576 TI - Alzheimer's disease and maternal age. AB - Findings from several studies suggest a relationship between Alzheimer's disease and Down's syndrome. It has long been known that advanced maternal age is a risk factor for Down's syndrome, and that mothers who give birth to a child with this syndrome have characteristics consistent with accelerated aging. Little is known about risk factors for Alzheimer's disease, other than age. In this study, documentation is supplied for a hypothesis concerning a relationship between Alzheimer's disease and advanced maternal age. PMID- 6214577 TI - Carcinoid syndrome. PMID- 6214578 TI - Mechanism for the suppression of gamma-interferon responsiveness in mice after thermal injury. AB - As reported previously, gamma-interferon production was decreased after the administration of inducers to thermally injured mice as compared with noninjured controls. Similarly, spleen cells from injured mice had decreased ability to produce interferon in vitro after stimulation with inducers. The present study demonstrated that the decrease in interferon production was associated with the presence of suppressor cells in the spleen of burned mice that were capable of inhibiting interferon production by normal splenic lymphocytes in vitro. Passive transfer of spleen cells containing suppressor cell activity derived from injured mice induced suppression in normal mice, and the time of the appearance of suppressor cell activity in injured mouse spleens closely approximated the time of the appearance of the suppression of interferon production observed in mice after thermal injury. The suppressor cells were characterized as a population of macrophages by the following: they adhered to plastic surface and could be removed from spleen cells by carbonyl-iron treatment; treatment of plastic adherent cells with anti-Thy-1.2 and anti-mouse immunoglobulin antisera followed by complement failed to abrogate the suppression produced by these cells. PMID- 6214579 TI - Functionally distinct helper T cells enriched under different culture conditions cooperate with different B cells. AB - Helper T cells selected from KLH-primed lymph node cells under different in vitro conditions were analyzed for the ability to cooperate in secondary hapten specific antibody responses. It is shown that carrier-specific, MHC-restricted helper T cells selected in low-density cultures cooperate with equal efficiency in either PC-specific or DNP-specific responses. In the presence of both PC specific and DNP-specific B precursors, however, such T cells are limited to participate in only one helper event in vitro. In contrast, the predominant helper T cell in a second population maintained in high-density lymph node cultures cooperates, presumably through a soluble factor, with multiple B precursors. These properties correspond to those previously described for specific and nonspecific effector functions. The experiments reported here further demonstrate that different B cells respond in vitro to carrier-specific and nonspecific helper signals. PMID- 6214580 TI - Analysis of cloned T cell function. I. Dissection of cloned T cell proliferative responses using cyclosporin A. AB - CsA interferes in a specific manner with the expansion of T cell clones in that it inhibits the antigen-driven component of the proliferative responses made by cloned helper T cells, cloned conventional cytolytic T cells, and cloned helper independent cytolytic T cells. Cloned helper T cells and helper-independent cytolytic T cells, which share the ability to proliferate when cultured with specific alloantigen, fail to proliferate when cultured with specific alloantigen, fail to proliferate in response to this stimulus in the presence of CsA (10 to 100 ng/ml). In contrast, the proliferation observed when these cells are cultured with exogenous growth factors (but not alloantigen) is little influenced by as much as 1000 ng/ml CsA. When cloned helper T cells or helper independent cytotoxic T cells are cultured with alloantigen plus exogenous growth factor, additive or synergistic proliferation occurs. However, CsA (10 to 1000 ng/ml) blocks only the component of proliferation induced by alloantigen, and leaves the lymphokine-driven component intact. CsA has similar effects on the proliferation of cloned conventional cytolytic T cells. Thus, CsA separates cloned T cell proliferation into two components: one driven by contact with alloantigens, the other driven by contact with mitogenic lymphokines. PMID- 6214581 TI - Immune response gene control of collagen reactivity in man: collagen unresponsiveness in HLA-DR4 negative nonresponders is due to the presence of T dependent suppressive influences. PMID- 6214582 TI - The relationship between human helper and suppressor factors to a streptococcal protein antigen. PMID- 6214583 TI - Activated suppressor T cells in leprosy. PMID- 6214584 TI - Analysis of suppressor T cell function in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: defects in production of and responsiveness to concanavalin A-induced suppressor T cells. PMID- 6214585 TI - Production of human suppressor T cell hybridomas. AB - To study human T cell suppression of immunoglobulin (Ig) synthesis with homogeneous populations of immunoregulatory cells, human suppressor T cell hybridomas were prepared by somatic cell fusion of concanavalin A-activated peripheral blood T cells with hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HGPRT, EC 2.4.2.8) deficient human leukemic CEM T cells. After selection in hypoxanthine-aminopterin-thymidine (HAT) medium and cloning by limiting cell dilution, two human T cell hybridomas were identified that produced 60 to 80% suppression of in vitro polyclonal immunoglobulin production when cocultured with pokeweed mitogen- (PWM) stimulated peripheral blood lymphocytes. Further, one of the suppressor T cell hybridomas constitutively secreted a soluble suppressor factor(s) (TsF) of m.w. 70,000 to 85,000 daltons, which produced reversible noncytotoxic inhibition of lectin-activated B cell Ig production. In contrast, this TsF did not inhibit lectin- or antigen-induced T cell proliferation, nor did it interfere with the generation or effector function of cytotoxic T cells. Additional studies indicated that this Tsf acts directly on B cells or monocytes rather than indirectly modulating the activity of immunoregulatory T cells. In summary, these studies suggest that techniques of somatic cell fusion may provide a valuable approach to further study human immunoregulatory cell-cell interactions as well as provide a source of sufficient quantities of important lymphokines for further purification and characterization. PMID- 6214586 TI - Dissection of immunoregulatory subpopulations of T lymphocytes within the helper and suppressor sublineages in man. AB - The helper/inducer (Leu-3) and suppressor/cytotoxic (Leu-2) sublineages of human peripheral blood T cells can both the subdivided into functionally distinct subsets with anti-Leu-8, a new monoclonal antibody that identifies 75 +/- 10% of the Leu-3 cells and 60 +/- 10% of the Leu-2 cells. Using the autologous MLR as a T cell-dependent stimulus for immunoglobulin synthesis, we have shown that the major helper effect for antibody formation lies within the numerically minor Leu 3,8- subset. In addition, neither Leu-2,8- cells alone suppress Leu-3-induced immunoglobulin synthesis, but in combination these subsets are markedly inhibitory. These results indicate that at least two phenotypically distinct cell types of suppressor lineage interact to produce suppression of an immune response in man. PMID- 6214587 TI - Binding of immunoglobulin E to the receptor on rat peritoneal macrophages. AB - The binding of radiolabeled monomers and chemically cross-linked dimers of rat immunoglobulin E (IgE) to peritoneal macrophages of rats was characterized. With either form, 40,000 to 50,000 molecules of IgE were specifically bound per cell under conditions where no endocytosis occurred. Monomeric IgE dissociated from macrophages within minutes, whereas dimers of IgE had a much slower rate of dissociation. Denatured rat IgE or native human IgE failed to inhibit the binding, but mouse IgE and, to a limited extent, rat IgG did. Oligomers of IgE by virtue of their tighter association with the receptor should prove useful in isolation of the receptor. PMID- 6214588 TI - Generation of three different fragments of bound C3 with purified factor I or serum. I. Requirements for factor H vs CR1 cofactor activity. PMID- 6214589 TI - Phagocytosis by rat peritoneal mast cells: independence of IgG Fc-mediated and C3 mediated signals. AB - Phagocytosis of sheep erythrocytes (E) bearing rabbit immunoglobulin and rat C3 by rat peritoneal mast cells was quantitated by using 51Cr-labeled E and was confirmed by electron microscopy. The relative importance of IgG Fc receptor interaction in C3-mediated phagocytosis was assessed. Removal of any traces of IgG antibody by absorption of IgM antibody with protein A-Sepharose and absorption of the other reagents with sheep E had no effect on the phagocytosis of C3b- and C3bi-coated cells. IgG antibody enhanced the phagocytosis of intermediates prepared with IgM, purified components and rat C3 (EaIgMClgp4hu oxy2hu3brat) with a graded dose response, but was only additive and not synergistic with C3. The independence of the C3- and Fc-mediated signals was confirmed by using chemically produced polymers of rabbit IgG to inhibit phagocytosis. These polymers, especially tetramers and higher aggregates, completely blocked ingestion of EAIgG, but not that of EAIgMC1423b or -3bi. When IgG was substituted for IgM in the C3b intermediate, the IgG polymers inhibited about 50% of the phagocytosis. Cumulatively, the data demonstrated that in the case of rat mast cells, the stimuli to phagocytosis induced by C3 and IgG are independent; either is sufficient by itself. PMID- 6214590 TI - Abnormal T lymphocyte subpopulations in patients with B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia: an analysis by monoclonal antibodies. PMID- 6214591 TI - Factors influencing the autologous mixed leukocyte reaction in normal subjects. AB - The proliferative response of T cells to autologous non-T cells (autologous mixed leukocyte reaction, AMLR) varies with the duration of incubation as well as the concentration and nature of the stimulator cells. The peak response was generally found on days 6, 7 or 8 of incubation, but with unseparated non-T cells, as well as varying in different individuals this varied in the same individual on different days. Removal of adherent cells from the stimulator population increased the magnitude of the peak response and improved day-to-day consistency both in size of peak response and in the duration of incubation required. Adherent cells were poor stimulators. Some of the variability in AMLR in normals and the differences between normal and disease subjects may relate to inclusion of an adherent cell population in the test and to the use of a fixed time period for incubation. PMID- 6214592 TI - Accelerated development of Th-2 type of helper effect in MRL/MpJ-lpr/lpr and BXSB/MpJ mice. AB - Age-dependent changes, during adult life, in suppressor capacity and B cell responsiveness have been known for some time. In this paper, an age dependent change in helper function, is being reported. A Th-2 type of helper effect can be observed in tissue culture of spleen cells from animals sensitized with a macromolecule. An indirect plaque-forming response to the hapten occurs when the spleen cells are exposed to the sensitizing macromolecule and to the hapten conjugated to a carrier, structurally unrelated to the sensitizing macromolecule. There is considerable polymorphism in the age at which this effect is first demonstrable and at which it reaches mature levels. Mice of inbred stains, with various defects in the suppressor cell circuit (SJL/J, MRL/MpJ-lpr/lpr, BXSB/MpJ show an accelerated development of Th-2 helper capacity in the indirect plaque forming response. PMID- 6214593 TI - Depo-provera: injectable contraceptive? PMID- 6214594 TI - Effect of fetal protein malnutrition on the postnatal structure and function of alveolar macrophages. AB - To test the hypothesis that intrauterine malnutrition may alter ontogeny of the host defense system, an animal model of fetal protein deprivation was developed. Young adult female rats were fed either a deficient (8% protein) diet or a normal (25% protein) diet for 10 days before insemination and throughout gestation. Offspring of the malnourished animals showed significant growth retardation and were hypoproteinemic. Lavageable pulmonary cells from both groups of neonates were similar with respect to number (2.05 x 10(5) cells per animal), type (95% macrophages), size (approximately 10-micrometer diameter), ultrastructure, and presence of surface receptors for IgG. Despite these similarities, alveolar macrophages from malnourished neonates were significantly impaired in their ability both to ingest and to kill Candida tropicalis. Nutritional supplementation of nursing females reversed these functional macrophage defects in their offspring by the time that weaning occurred. These data indicate that fetal protein malnutrition affects macrophage function but that with postnatal nutritional supplementation these defects are rapidly reversed. PMID- 6214595 TI - Third-generation cephalosporins in the treatment of pneumonia due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa in guinea pigs. PMID- 6214596 TI - [A study of aortic regurgitation with conal ventricular septal defect by means of pulsed Doppler echocardiography]. AB - Ten youngsters with conal ventricular septal defect (VSD) and aortic regurgitation (AR) were studied by pulsed Doppler echocardiography (PDE). The ATL pulsed Doppler echocardiogram system combined with Toshiba SSH-11A cross sectional echocardiographic system was used. The diagnostic findings of PDE for conal VSD was a systolic turbulent flow in the right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) and the conus septum which was just in front of the aortic valve. The diagnosis of AR was obtained by a diastolic turbulent flow in the left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) and an away flow in the ascending aorta which was recorded from the suprasternal notch. After confirmation of the diagnosis of conal VSD with AR by cardiac catheterization and angiography, operations were performed in all 10 cases. In 9 cases PDE revealed the systolic turbulent flow in the RVOT which cone through conal VSD. The systolic turbulent flow in the conus septum was detected in 5 cases. The diastolic turbulent flow in the LVOT due to AR was detected in all 5 cases of mild AR (1 degrees by Sellers). In all cases, the diastolic turbulent flow in the LVOT was detected near the anterior mitral leaflet. This localization of the diastolic turbulent flow may be due to the prolapse of the right coronary cusp. Spread of the diastolic turbulent flow in the LVOT could document the degree of AR. In 2 cases, PDE was recorded in the ascending aorta from the suprasternal notch. The diastolic away flow due to AR was observed in both cases. In conclusion, PDE is useful and non-invasive method for the diagnosis of conal VSD with AR. PMID- 6214597 TI - Experimental research and clinical results of the local-made polyester arterial prosthesis. PMID- 6214598 TI - Gentamicin nephrotoxicity. I. Degree and permanence of acquired insensitivity. AB - Insensitivity to the nephrotoxic effects of gentamicin develops in F344 rats during the course of gentamicin-mediated acute renal failure. Functional and structural recovery occur thereafter in spite of continued gentamicin administration. To determine the degree of insensitivity, we compared structural and functional recovery of rats treated continuously with gentamicin to rats in which gentamicin was stopped after 14 days, at the height of dysfunction. Continued treatment did not reduce the rate or ultimate degree of recovery of structure, CIn, or in vitro renal cortical PAH uptake; however, both the rate and degree of recovery of NMN uptake were reduced in continuously treated animals. Furthermore, doubling the dose of gentamicin during the recovery period overcame insensitivity, causing a second episode of acute renal failure. The permanence of insensitivity was examined by re-treating rats 6 months after recovery from gentamicin-mediated acute renal failure. There was no evidence of residual resistance to gentamicin nephrotoxicity in these animals. These results indicate that although gentamicin insensitivity is substantial, it is not complete, as indicated by low-grade, ongoing tubular toxicity to the organic base transport system and sensitivity to higher doses of gentamicin. Furthermore, insensitivity is a transient phenomenon. PMID- 6214600 TI - The P terminal vector in lead V1 of the electrocardiogram in cor pulmonale. PMID- 6214599 TI - A human lymphocyte chemotactic factor produced by the mixed lymphocyte reaction. AB - Lymphocytes migrate to and concentrate at sites of antigenic challenge. Although these cells are seen in delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity reactions and graft rejections, the mechanism by which they are attracted to these sites is poorly understood. In the current study, human mononuclear cells from normal subjects were cultured for 7 days in a standard two-way MLR. Supernatants from the MLR were assayed at various times for the presence of lymphocyte chemotactic activity. Results indicate that a lymphocyte chemotactic factor is produced by the MLR, with maximal activity appearing after 24 to 48 hr of culture. This activity is diminished with longer incubation times. The observed factor is heat labile after a 56 degrees C, 30 min heat treatment and preferentially attracts T lymphocytes. Additional studies demonstrate that MLR supernatants stimulate both directional locomotion (chemotaxis) and enhanced random locomotion (chemokinesis) in T cells. The release of such a human T lymphocyte chemotactic factor during the MLR may represent an important mechanism of attracting lymphocytes to a site of antigenic challenge. PMID- 6214601 TI - Aftermath of stroke: an epidemiological study in Melbourne, Australia. AB - A population-based study of the incidence of stroke was carried out in an urban area of Melbourne, Australia. The 508 cases were followed up and the survivors interviewed briefly at three months and in more depth six months after the onset of stroke. Fifty-eight per cent of all subjects had survived to six months, and the strongest prognostic indicator was level of consciousness at time of maximum impairment. By six months, 25% of all cases were independent in self-care and mobile outside the home; of those patients aged under 75 years, suffering a first stroke and retaining full consciousness at the time of maximum impairment, the proportion was 50%. A very imperfect correlation was present between residual physical impairment and return to the full range of prestroke activities. PMID- 6214602 TI - Mortality and cause of death in Down's syndrome. AB - Mortality in sufferers from Down's syndrome over the age of 1 year in the 1970s was analysed using the Wessex Mental Handicap Register linked to the NHS Central Register. Of the 1045 subjects, 37 died during the period of the study; the standardised mortality ratio based on England and Wales mortality was 5.39. Mortality ratios were high between the ages of 1 and 14 compared with older ages. Bronchopneumonia and congenital heart disease were the main causes of death. Problems with certification and selection of underlying cause of death showed the potential value of multiple-cause coding. PMID- 6214603 TI - Do reaction time and accuracy measure the same aspects of letter recognition? AB - Two experiments indicate that reaction time and accuracy are not always equivalent measures of the underlying processes involved in the recognition of visually presented letters. In conjunction with the results of previous work, our research suggests the following generalizations: (a) Under data-limited viewing conditions (the short exposure durations of the typical tachistoscopic task), response accuracy is sensitive to early perceptual interference between target and noise items, whereas reaction time is more sensitive to later processes involved in response interference. (b) Under resource-limited viewing conditions (the long exposure durations of the typical reaction time task), both accuracy and reaction time appear to be sensitive to processes occurring in the later rather than the earlier stages of processing. Since the two dependent measures do not always reflect the same perceptual processes, we suggest that the convergence of reaction time and accuracy within the context of a specific information processing model should be demonstrated empirically rather than assumed a priori. PMID- 6214604 TI - Constraints on strategy construction in a speeded discrimination task. AB - In three experiments, subjects reported the identity of a word (above or below) that appeared above or below a fixation point. On some trials, a cue presented 100, 200, 400, 600, 800, or 1,000 msec before the word indicated the relation between position and identity (i.e., whether the dimensions were compatible, e.g., above/above and below/below, or conflicted, e.g., above/below and below/above). On the other trials, the cue was withheld (Experiment 2) or it bore no information about the relation between dimensions (Experiment 1 and 3). In each experiment, the cue reduced reaction time below the level of no-cue or neutral-cue controls, indicating strategic use of the relation between dimensions. Experiments 1 and 2 manipulated the number of potential cues that could occur in a block. A stronger cuing effect was found when one cue could occur (Experiment 2) than when two cues could occur (Experiment 1). Experiment 3 manipulated practice; it revealed that with practice the cuing effect reached asymptote at shorter delays. The asymptote itself did not change. Experiment 4 showed that cue-delay effects were independent of warning interval (warning interval and cue delay confounded in Experiment 1, 2, and 3). The experiments demonstrate construction and utilization of strategies; they show that construction is sensitive to constraints imposed by the subject's goals and abilities and by the structure of the task environment. PMID- 6214605 TI - Form and texture in hierarchically constructed patterns. AB - Perceived organization of hierarchically constructed patterns was investigated through similarity judgments and a verbal description task. The number of elements and their sizes relative to the configuration were varied in a series of five experiments. The results show that in patterns composed of a few relatively large elements, the elements are perceived as individual parts of the overall form and are perceptually salient. Increasing the number of elements and/or decreasing their size results in a perceived unified form associated with texture, representing the structural properties of the elements as a group. In the latter case, the perceptual salience of the individual element decreases and the global form (or sometimes the texture) dominates perception. These findings suggest that the perceptual levels arising from global configuration of local elements may not correspond directly to these two geometrical levels in the stimulus domain as much previous work on "global versus local" processing has assumed. Rather, the mapping of the two independent geometrical levels into meaningful perceptual levels depends critically on the number and relative size of the elements, thus changing the perceived organization of the whole pattern. PMID- 6214606 TI - The rod-and-frame effect as a function of the righting of the frame. AB - Several experiments investigated the theory that there is a tendency to interpret the axes of a large tilted frame of reference as surrogates of the main axes of the environment. Therefore there is a tendency to perceive such a frame as either upright or as less tilted thanit is--righting-- and, accordingly, to perceive a vertical rod as tilted in the opposite direction--the rod-and-frame effect (RFE). A high correlation was found between righting and the RFE in all experiments. When a double frame apparatus was used, with the outer frame upright and the inner frame tilted, there was no consistent RFE. This condition eliminates any righting effect. When the outer frame was tilted and the inner one was upright, however, the RFE was induced, as was a correlated righting effect. All experiments were repeated with the subject's head tilted, thereby increasing the tendency toward righting of the frame. The result was a corresponding increase in the RFE. The RFE can thus be thought of as the solution to the problem of the rod's tilt given the perceived tilt of the frame.U PMID- 6214607 TI - Models of illusory pausing and sticking. AB - When identical dots moving at equal velocities but in opposite directions become coincident, a striking illusion occurs. The dots appear to pause momentarily, despite no objective change in velocity. Three models for the illusion were examined: A vector averaging model best accounts for the data. According to this model a motion system maps visual space and assigns motion vectors to each position on the map. When identical objects traveling at equal velocities but in opposite directions become coincident, they lose their phenomenal identity and a form system detects a single object. The motion system, however, has two vectors mapped onto the same position occupied by a now-single object. Since an object cannot move in two directions at the same time, the motion system averages the vector and assigns the resultant to the object, thus resolving the ambiguity. With equal but opposite vectors, averaging yields a zero resultant (null vector), and thus pausing is perceived. With unequal vectors, averaging yields a nonzero resultant and something other than pausing is perceived. Velocity and number of collisions strongly affect the magnitude of the illusion, but in all cases in which the illusion is perceived, the objects appear to stick together and move at a velocity near the average of the component velocities. PMID- 6214608 TI - Determinants of attention to local and global features of visual forms. AB - This article deals with the problem of how attention is distributed to different levels of detail (global, local) in visual scenes. Six experiments explore the effect of a previous level of processing on current processing. The contention that processing at a given level of detail biases the distribution of attention so that more is allocated to that level for future processing is supported by the presence in the data of a robust level-readiness effect, whereby processing is faster at a given level if previous processing has been at that level. The level readiness effect occurs regardless of the conspicuity of features at the various levels. Conflict between levels seems to depend on the imbalance of conspicuity and attention allocation between levels, with the more conspicuous or attended-to level interfering more. A model of two-state attention switching similar to that of Sperling and Melchnor (1978) is proposed to explain these data. the final experiment confirmed the somewhat unusual prediction of this model that sometimes processing under focusing-attention conditions can be slower than that under divided-attention conditions. PMID- 6214609 TI - Loci of contextual effects in judgment. AB - Three experiments investigated the loci of contextual effects in judgment. Experiment 1 demonstrated the effect of stimulus spacing on category ratings and magnitude estimations of the darkness of dot patterns. Variations in the stimulus spacing were shown to affect both category ratings and magnitude estimations in a similar fashion. Experiment 2 was designed to determine whether contextual effects due to stimulus spacing influence the scale values or the judgment function. Subjects judged "differences" and "ratios" of the subjective darkness of dot patterns. Differences in mean judgments of single stimuli from Experiment 1 did not predict the rank order of judged "differences" and "ratios" from Experiment 2. The estimated scale values of the stimuli appeared to be independent of stimulus spacing. These findings suggest that contextual effects due to the stimulus spacing occur in the judgment function for within-modality judgments. Experiment 3 examined contextual effects in cross-modality judgments. Stimulus spacing and stimulus range were manipulated for "difference" and "total" judgments. Unlike the within-modality results, the stimulus range and spacing influenced the scale values. A contextual theory of within- and cross-modality judgment is presented. PMID- 6214610 TI - Negating the effects of binaural cues: competition between auditory streaming and contralateral induction. AB - When a pair of monaural pure tones, A and B, are repeatedly alternated in one ear, with noise bursts presented in synchrony with B in the other ear, the noise sometimes delateralizes B. This is presumably a case of Warren and Bashford's (1976) contralateral induction effect. However, the present experiment shows that the degree of contralateral induction is proportional to the separation in frequency between A and B. It was also found that the degree to which the noise bursts influenced B's timbre was proportional to the separation in frequency between A and B. The combined results suggest that cues that govern the sequential organization of sounds influence the use of binaural cues not only during the assignment of position to auditory events but during the assignment of timbre. PMID- 6214611 TI - Impulsivity, caffeine, and proofreading: a test of the Easterbrook hypothesis. AB - Easterbrook's (1959) suggestion that arousal is inversely related to the range of cue utilization has been frequently cited as an explanation for the curvilinear relationship between arousal and performance. There is very little empirical support for this position, however. As a test of the Easterbrook hypothesis, 60 undergraduates who varied in their impulsivity level were given caffeine or placebo and then asked to proofread several passages. Estimates of sensitivity were calculated using signal detection techniques. It was predicted that high arousal would reduce sensitivity to interword errors, which require a broad range of cue utilization, but that the observed levels of arousal would not affect sensitivity to intraword errors, which require a minimal range of cue utilization. A significant crossover interaction between impulsivity and drug for interword errors indicated that caffeine increased the error detection rate of the (less aroused) more impulsive subjects but lowered the error detection rate of the (more aroused) less impulsive subjects. The results of this study support the suggestion that arousal has direct effects on the capacity for simultaneous information processing, independent of its effects on performance speed. PMID- 6214612 TI - Cross-pathway control of ornithine carbamoyltransferase synthesis in Neurospora crassa. AB - The pattern of cross-pathway regulation of the arginine synthetic enzyme ornithine carbamoyltransferase was investigated in Neurospora crassa, using single and double mutant auxotrophic strains starved for their required amino acids. These experiments show that starvation for histidine, tryptophan, isoleucine, valine or arginine can result in derepression of ornithine carbamoyltransferase. Methionine starvation also gave slight derepression, but starvation for lysine or leucine gave little or no effect. PMID- 6214613 TI - Isolation and mapping of glutathione reductase-negative mutants of Escherichia coli K12. AB - Two independent mutants defective in glutathione reductase (EC 1.6.4.2) were isolated in an Escherichia coli K12 strain lysogenized with bacteriophage Mu. The prophage was lost (and the ability to reduce glutathione regained) by 32% of the xylose-positive transductants when T4GT7 was used as the vector, but the markers were not cotransduced by P1. Similarly, the prophage site and malA were cotransduced by T4GT7 but not by P1. The gor gene maps between min 77 and 78 on the E. coli genome, and the mutation causes no growth defect. PMID- 6214614 TI - Polymorphism of the NS1 proteins of type A influenza virus. AB - The type-specific non-structural protein 1 (NS1) of influenza A viruses was found to be heterogeneous with respect to charge, varying in pI by more than two orders of magnitude, and to phosphorylation. Phosphorylation was strain-specific, variable in extent between strains, and in some strains NS1 proteins were not detectably phosphorylated. Phosphorylation was not responsible for the major variations in charge as, paradoxically, the most acidic NS1 proteins were not phosphorylated. Cytoplasmic inclusions, which are formed between NS1 proteins and cellular RNA in infections with a number of human strains, were absent from A/FP/Rostock-infected cells and do not, therefore, appear to be essential in virus multiplication. We suggest that the acidic nature of the NS1 of A/FP/Rostock may prevent it from binding RNA and hence from forming inclusions. The variation in charge of NS1 proteins which we determined experimentally correlates with the overall differences in charge adduced from published amino acid sequence and implications of this variability to the biological role of NS1 are discussed. PMID- 6214615 TI - Developmental changes in glycolipid synthesizing enzymes in the brain of a myelin deficient mutant Wistar rat. AB - Changes in the activities of UDP-galactose:ceramide galactosyltransferase (CGalT, EC 2.4.1.45), UDP-glucose:ceramide glucosyltransferase (CGlcT, EC 2.4.1.80) and 3'-phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphosulfate (PAPS): galactosylceramide 3' sulfotransferase (EC 2.8.2.11) over the myelinating period between 12 and 25 days were studied in the brains of control and myelin-deficient rats. Although the activity of galactosyltransferase with ceramides containing hydroxy fatty acids quadrupled in normal male littermates between 14 and 20 days, hardly any increase was observed in the mutant and the activity was less than 10% of control above 20 days of age. With normal fatty acid containing ceramides as acceptors, the activity decreased from 83% of the control at 12 days to approximately 30% after 20 days. Sulfotransferase activity also did not show the normal increase during the 3rd week of life and declined from 60% to 22%. Glucosyltransferase and lysosomal hydrolases in brain and ceramide galactosyltransferase in sciatic nerves appeared to be normal. These results suggest close similarities to the jimpy mutant mouse in which myelin deficiency is also inherited as an x-linked recessive trait. PMID- 6214616 TI - Plaques and tangles and transmitter deficiencies in dementia. PMID- 6214617 TI - Anatomical organization and sensory receptor content of soft tissues surrounding upper cervical vertebrae in the cat. PMID- 6214618 TI - Muscle spindle complexes in muscles around upper cervical vertebrae in the cat. PMID- 6214620 TI - Radiation absorbed dose from albumin microspheres labeled with technetium-99m. Task Group of the Medical Internal Radiation Dose Committee. The Society of Nuclear Medicine. PMID- 6214619 TI - Effective penetration of the lung periphery using radioactive aerosols: concise communication. AB - Radioactive microspheres could offer several advantages over gases in the investigation of pulmonary ventilation. Monodisperse microspheres of human serum albumin have been produced using a spinning-disc generator, and kits were prepared for subsequent labelling with technetium-99m. The average labeling efficiency was 88% and unlabeled Tc-99m was removed before aerosol delivery. A simple system was constructed to nebulize and deliver dry monodisperse microspheres. The ventilation images obtained were compared quantitatively with the corresponding krypton-81m images, subdividing the lung regions into inner, central, and peripheral zones. No significant difference was found in the proportions of the total counts for any lung region. There was good agreement between the distributions of microspheres obtained on separate days (r = 0.97, p less than 0.0001), An "aerosol penetration index" was defined as the ratio of the peripheral to the inner counts for the microspheres normalized by the corresponding ratio for krypton-81m. The mean value of this index for 16 normal subjects was 0.98 +/- 0.23 (s.d.), indicating that the microspheres had achieved penetration of the lung periphery. For patients with chronic obstructive lung disease, more localized defects were observed with the microspheres than with krypton-81m. The mean penetration index for this group was only 0.69 +/- 0.21 (s.d.). This was significantly different from the value for normal subjects (p less than 0.002). PMID- 6214621 TI - Factorial analysis of the MMPI profiles of low back pain patients. AB - To examine the interrelationships of MMPI scale scores among low back pain patients, 50 profiles were scored on the traditional 13 scales, Hanvik's Lb scale and seven subscales derived from Scales 1 and 3. The profiles were randomly divided into two equal samples and factor analyzed. Comparison of the two samples yielded three common factors. The first factor measured severity of the symptoms, the second assessed the level of anger and aggression and the third assessed the psychogenic components of the syndrome. The implications of the factors are discussed. PMID- 6214622 TI - Analysis of iodochlorhydroxyquin in cream formulations and bulk drugs by high performance liquid chromatography. AB - A high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the analysis of iodochlorhydroxyquin in creams and as bulk drugs has been developed. Iodochlorhydroxyquin was acetylated in the 8-position by reaction with acetic anhydride in pyridine. The resulting ester was mixed with the internal standard and chromatographed on a microparticulate silica column. Recovery was quantitative and the method was shown to be applicable to cream formulations from several manufacturers. PMID- 6214624 TI - Patterns of psychological disturbance and pain report in patients with low back pain. PMID- 6214623 TI - Contractile effects of okadaic acid, a novel ionophore-like substance from black sponge, on isolated smooth muscles under the condition of Ca deficiency. PMID- 6214625 TI - A survey of Down's syndrome under general practitioner care in Scotland. AB - A survey of all general practitioners in Scotland has revealed details of 1,251 individuals with Down's syndrome being cared for by their family doctor; 1,150 were living at home.Eighty-two per cent of doctors responded to the questionnaire. High prevalence rates have been noted in the Western Isles and in Shetland. The survey confirms reports of a lowering of maternal and paternal age in Down's syndrome; 72 per cent of the mothers and 56 per cent of the fathers of Down's syndrome children born since 1971 were under 35 years at the time of birth. The survey also revealed an increase in the number of Down's people living with either one parent or relatives with increasing age. It is hoped that further research will be carried out into the problems facing Down's individuals and their families through the medium of general practice. PMID- 6214626 TI - Claimants for mobility allowance: causes of disability and the scope for prevention. AB - Six hundred and twenty-one claimants for Mobility Allowance were examined by the author, who recorded the patient's statement of his or her history and current disability, carried out a full physical examination and observed the gait and limitation of walking. Four hundred and seventy-five appeared to satisfy the medical conditions to qualify for the allowance. They were analysed by age, sex and body system involved and were compared with the corresponding total figure for Mobility Allowance in England, Scotland and Wales.The more common diagnoses are listed and are considered from the point of view of prevention. The implications for general practice are discussed. They concern the detection of hypertension and health education for antenatal care, smoking and the wearing of seat belts. PMID- 6214627 TI - Disablement and care: a comparison of patient views and general practitioner knowledge. AB - A questionnaire was used to assess general practitioners' knowledge of handicaps and service use among disabled patients in a group practice. The disabled patients were identified by a postal screening questionnaire. Sixty-eight were subsequently interviewed to assess the severity of restrictions on their activities and to collect information about informal support and use of community or hospital services. The areas of life in which the disabled were most affected by their medical conditions were sleep and rest, household management, emotion and mood. Relatives assisted the disabled considerably with all daily activities but more help was requested. Most disabled patients had consulted their general practitioner or attended casualty and outpatient clinics, but only a minority had used other community services. Prescription of drugs was considered the most important service the doctor provided. A second questionnaire, which the general practitioners completed with the help of their records, revealed that they knew of only 50 per cent of the difficulties with daily living reported by the disabled and even less of the aids, appliances and services used. A better awareness of these facilities among general practitioners might lead to a more effective distribution of resources among their patients. PMID- 6214628 TI - Localization of delta 5-3 beta- and 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity in the efferent ducts, epididymis and vas deferens of the rabbit, hamster and marmoset monkey. AB - The presence and distribution of delta 5-3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (delta 5-3 beta-HSD: EC 1.1.1.51) and 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17 beta-HSD: EC 1.1.1.51) were studied histochemically in the excurrent ducts of the rabbit, hamster and marmoset monkey. Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and testosterone were used as substrates for delta 5-3 beta-HSD and 17 beta-HSD respectively, while phenanthroline monohydrate was used to eliminate non-specific staining due to other tissue dehydrogenases. The rabbit possessed least enzyme activity, which was confined to tubules in the middle segment of the epididymis. Enzyme activity was demonstrable throughout the excurrent ducts of the hamster and marmoset, with maximal staining occurring in the middle segment of the epididymis in both species. The region of maximum activity of hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase is where spermatozoa first develop their fertilizing capacity. PMID- 6214629 TI - The value of quantitative radioisotope scanning in the differential diagnosis of low back pain and sacroiliac disease. AB - The specificity of scintigraphic scanning in detecting inflammatory sacroiliitis has been investigated. The sacroiliac band profile (R[Band]) was used and a new index (R[SIJ/F]) comparing the sacroiliac joint with the ipsilateral femur is described. Using the R (Band) index the mean value (1.34) for patients with definite sacroiliac disease was no different from that found for control subjects (1.35). There were significant differences using the R(SIJ/F) (7.8 versus 6.4): this ratio alone correlated with age. We conclude that neither technique is sufficiently specific to be of diagnostic value in most instances of low back pain. PMID- 6214630 TI - HLA haplotypes in a family with multiple cases of rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Population studies have identified the histocompatibility antigen HLA-DR4 to be a genetic marker of significantly increased risk for the development of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Family studies are now beginning to elucidate the role of this and other genetic factors in the pathogenesis of RA. We have studied a large family in which the mother and 3 of the 6 children have seropositive RA. One maternal and 1 paternal HLA haplotype contain HLA-DR4. The mother and the 2 children with the maternal DR4 containing haplotype have RA. One sibling inherited neither of the DR4 haplotypes, yet developed RA at age 20. The inheritance of RA in this family illustrates the complexity of the genetic predisposition to this immunologically mediated disorder. PMID- 6214631 TI - A case of palindromic rheumatism suggestive of immune complex disease. PMID- 6214632 TI - A genetic register for Huntington's chorea in South Wales. AB - A regional genetic register for Huntington's chorea in South Wales is described, based on previous family studies in this area, which is one of high prevalence for the disorder. The primary role of the register is to help in the efficient delivery of services, including genetic counselling, to affected subjects and relatives, and to monitor changes in the population at risk. The mode of operation of the register is described and the essential importance of strict confidentiality is stressed. PMID- 6214633 TI - The incidence of Down's syndrome in Nigeria. AB - Studies of Down's syndrome covering a period of 9 years revealed an incidence of 1 in 865 livebirths in a Nigerian hospital. Cytogenetic analysis in 386 patients showed 369 (95.5%) cases to be the result of regular trisomy 21, and translocation trisomy 21 was found in nine (2.5%) patients. Six (1.5%) patients were mosaics and the remaining two (0.5%) cases were classified as miscellaneous. A high incidence of cases among young mothers was recorded, but a search for environmental factors contributory to non-disjunction in this relatively young age group was unrevealing. The study has shown that Down's syndrome occurs as commonly in Negroes as in other races. Epidemiological studies like this are necessary to heighten the awareness of health planners in communities that have for a long time considered haemoglobinopathies to be the major genetic disorder, in order to prepare the ground for preventive measures. PMID- 6214634 TI - Coronary angioplasty. PMID- 6214635 TI - Radiological seminal CCXXIII: A gamut for "hot" kidneys on 99mTc-labeled bone images. PMID- 6214636 TI - Isolation and sequence analysis of a hybrid delta-globin pseudogene from the brown lemur. PMID- 6214637 TI - Biochemical analysis of att-defective mutants of the phage lambda site-specific recombination system. PMID- 6214638 TI - Mechanism of activation of transcription initiation from the lambda PRM promoter. PMID- 6214640 TI - Gastroschisis and ruptured omphalocele. AB - The surgeon who is faced with the management of a neonate with a prenatally ruptured omphalocele or a gastroschisis has a challenging problem. These anomalles are some of the most serious, lifethreatening neonatal surgical emergencies. PMID- 6214639 TI - Myelin labeled with mercuric chloride. Asymmetric localization of phosphatidylethanolamine plasmalogen. PMID- 6214641 TI - Teratogenic and antiteratogenic effects of nicotinamide derivatives in chick embryos. AB - Teratogenic and antiteratogenic effects of nine nicotinamide analogs in chick embryos were investigated. Further, the teratisms of 6-aminonicotinamide (6-AN), nicotinamide analogs, and an organophosphate (diazinon) were compared. White leghorn chick embryos were used. Agents were injected into the yolk of eggs on d 3 of incubation. Morphological observations were made on d 17 of incubation. Chemical names for compounds I to IX are: I, 6-dimethylaminonicotinamide; II, 6 diethylaminonicotinamide; III, 6-methylamino-3-(N-methyl)-nicotinamide; IV, 6 dimethylamino-3-pyrimidine carboximide; V, 6-(dimethylamino)-nicotinic acid; VI, 6-chloro-3-[N-(5-diethylamino)-2-pentyl]-nicotinamide; VII, 6 mercaptonicotinamide; VIII, [N-acetyl-N'-(3-pyridyl)-carbonyl]-hydrazine; IX, nicotinamide 1-N-oxide. The LD50 values in mumol per egg were as follows: 6-AN, 0.073; compound II, 0.23; compound III, 1.11; compound I, 1.32; compound VI, about 3. Compounds IV, V, VII, VIII, and IX showed no toxicity or lethality at the highest doses tested (10 mumol/egg). Among the nine nicotinamide analogs, compounds I, II, and III, which have an amino group at the 6-position of the pyridine ring, were teratogenic. Their teratogenic signs were similar to those caused by 6-AN: they showed growth retardation, anteriorly directed short legs, and coarse, dense feathering. The teratogenic effects of compounds I, II, and III were prevented by pretreatment with nicotinamide, as were the effects of 6-AN and diazinon. Among the nine analogs, only compound VIII had an antiteratogenic effect against the diazinon-induced micromelia (in which the cardinal signs were tibiotarsal angulations and poor feathering). For teratisms produced by 6 aminonicotinamide analogs and organophosphates, nicotinamide was an effective antiteratogenic agent. However, some differences in the malformations induced by both types of agents were found. We suggest that the addition of a 3 acetylpyridine type to the nicotinamide-related teratisms (6-AN type, 3 acetylpyridine type, and organophosphate type) will provide a clearer distinction among the types. PMID- 6214642 TI - Suppressor cell activity after major injury: indirect and direct functional assays. AB - In vitro responses to streptokinase-streptodornase (SKSD), mumps, and mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC) in 19 burned and 13 multitrauma patients were studied sequentially by lymphocyte tritiated thymidine incorporation and compared to responses of 28 normals. Mean responses to SKSD remained significantly depressed from normal for up to 14 to 28 days following injury: MLC responses, significantly depressed at 48 hours, recovered promptly to normal levels. Because of evidence that the proliferative capacity of the T-cell population to soluble antigens is contained within the inducer subpopulation while both inducer and suppressor subpopulations respond in MLC, the observed increase in MLC responses, coupled with a sustained depression of SKSD and mumps responses, suggests activation of a population of suppressor cells. In a direct assay of suppressor cell function, lymphocytes from three or four multitrauma patients incubated in a two-way MLC with normal lymphocytes significantly suppressed PHA responsiveness, confirming the findings of the direct assay. PMID- 6214644 TI - Regression of skeletal metastases from hypernephroma following long-term treatment with medroxyprogesterone acetate. PMID- 6214643 TI - The role of routine followup bone scans after definitive therapy of localized prostatic cancer. AB - The records of 100 patients with localized prostatic cancer were examined retrospectively in an effort to determine the usefulness of routine 99mtechnetium bone scans following definitive therapy with 125iodine implantation or external beam irradiation. With a mean followup of 47 months per patient 19 per cent of these patients had positive scans and an additional 15 per cent had scans that were considered equivocal. Of the 100 patients none had a positive scan in the absence of either an elevated serum acid phosphatase or bone pain. In our series the low incidence of positive scans as the sole evidence of disease progression does not support its routine use after definitive therapy for localized carcinoma of the prostate. PMID- 6214645 TI - A method for discrimination between calcium oxalate kidney stone formers and normals. AB - Calcium ion concentration versus time was measured in solutions containing admixture of 10 per cent tested urine of normals and stone-formers, during induced calcium oxalate precipitation. A Discriminating Index was formulated by statistical analysis of the data. It was found that stone-formers and normals differ significantly with respect to the measurements and the Discriminating Indices. An equation to evaluate the odds of stone-forming based on results of an individual test has been derived. The Discrimination Index may be recommended as a diagnostic tool. PMID- 6214647 TI - Health effects of Agent Orange and dioxin contaminants. Council on scientific affairs. PMID- 6214646 TI - Genetic services in the United States. AB - In fiscal years 1979 and 1980, the Genetic Diseases Service Branch of the Health Services Administration funded 34 state genetic service programs in the United States through monies from the National Genetic Diseases Act (PL 94-278) of 1976. During the two-year period, 131,818 at-risk individuals were provided with genetic counseling. Analyses of amniotic fluid were performed on 42,003 specimens, with 436 abnormal fetuses (1%) detected. Utilization ratios of amniocentesis for advanced maternal age ranged from a low of 5% to a high of 49%. Screening programs for inborn errors of metabolism reported testing 3, 158,521 specimens. The numbers of affected children detected nationally were 195 with phenylketonuria (1:16,000), 536 with hypothyroidism (1:5,900), 25 with galactosemia (1:39,685), eight with maple syrup urine disease (1:86,984), and eight with homocystinuria (1:139,008). PMID- 6214648 TI - [Acquired heart diseases. Postmyocarditic cardiomegaly]. PMID- 6214649 TI - Cooperative role of T lymphocytes and macrophages in anti-tumor activity of mice pretreated with schizophyllan (SPG). AB - Anti-tumor activity was studied in mice injected with Schizophyllan (SPG), a glucan produced by Schizophyllum commune Fries. SPG-injected mice rejected subcutaneously inoculated sarcoma-180 and the anti-tumor activity was shown to be mediated by host spleen and lymph node cells. The anti-tumor activity lasted as long as 60 days after the SPG administration as assessed by transfer of cells into normal recipients. Cells involved in anti-tumor activity were shown to be T lymphocytes since anti-tumor activity was diminished when lymph node cells from SPG-treated mice were treated with anti-Thy-1.2 sera plus complement, whereas cells passed through a nylon wool column retained the activity. Macrophages were also shown to be involved since administration of carrageenan or trypan blue into the host decreased the inhibition ratio of tumor growth. It was concluded that anti-tumor activity in SPG-treated mice was mediated by the cooperation of T lymphocytes and macrophages, thus the impairment of either function decreased anti-tumor activity. PMID- 6214650 TI - [Clinical description and nursing of SLE (systemic lupus erythematosus). Psychological support of a female patient with pronounced dermal symptoms - a case with extensive dermatological symptoms and neurological conditions caused by steroids]. PMID- 6214651 TI - [Survey on backache and its management]. PMID- 6214652 TI - [Observation of the methods of care local handicapped children being cared for at home--a survey on the status of handicapped children]. PMID- 6214653 TI - Tumor cell-triggered macrophage-mediated suppression of the T-cell cytotoxic response to tumor-associated antigens. I. Characterization of the cell components for induction of suppression. AB - A tumor cell-triggered macrophage-mediated suppressor mechanism was demonstrated. It suppressed the induction of specific tumor immunity in the syngeneic, primary mixed lymphocyte tumor cell culture reactions. Preexposure of splenic adherent cells (SAC) to syngeneic FBL-3 tumor cells induced complete suppression of the generation of cytotoxic T-cells. The SAC responsible for inducing suppression were consistent with being macrophages. They were resistant to the treatment of anti-Thy-1.2 antibody plus complement and were relatively radioresistant (at least less than or equal to 750 R X-radiation). Adherent cells obtained from lymph nodes or thymuses acted in the same way as SAC. However, preexposure of peritoneal adherent cells to tumor cells failed to induce suppression. In contrast, the simultaneous presence of peritoneal adherent cells with SAC upon exposure to tumor cells prevented the induction of suppression. These peritoneal cells were also consistent with being macrophages. These results confirmed our previous observations obtained with experiments performed in the allogeneic system. An immunoregulatory circuit existed between two subsets of macrophages that were derived from the population of cells in the peritoneal cavity and from spleen, lymph nodes, or thymus. In the presence of tumor cells, these macrophages produced both positive regulation and negative regulation of the T-cell-mediated cytotoxic response against syngeneic tumor cells. The tumor cells may have utilized the host's own immune network to activate the suppressor mechanisms, thus successfully evading the host's immune surveillance. PMID- 6214654 TI - Tumor cell-triggered macrophage-mediated suppression of the T-cell cytotoxic response to tumor-associated antigens. II. Mechanisms for induction of suppression. AB - The mechanisms were investigated for the tumor cell-triggered macrophage-induced suppression of T-cell-mediated tumor immunity. Interaction between tumor cells and macrophages triggered the production of prostaglandin(s) (PG) that initiated the suppressor events. In our experiments, PGE1 or PGE2 suppressed the generation of cytotoxic T-lymphocytes in the syngeneic mixed lymphocyte tumor cell cultures. Indomethacin, a PG synthetase inhibitor, blocked the induction of the macrophage mediated suppression, which suggested that suppression was caused by endogenous PG. This suppression might be further mediated by the generation of suppressor T cells. Significant reduction in the levels of macrophage-induced suppression was seen in hosts receiving cyclophosphamide treatment, which could eliminate the precursors of suppressor T-cells. These findings indicated that tumor cells may trigger a chain of reactions, through the generation of suppressor factors or suppressor cells, to subvert the host's immune surveillance. PMID- 6214655 TI - Induction of gp70-specific suppressor T-cells in mice inoculated with virus producing tumor cells. AB - Inoculation of BALB/c mice with syngeneic, murine leukemia virus (MuLV)-producing (murine sarcoma virus-transformed) Balb/3T3 tumor cells resulted in diminution of alloreactivity as measured in the mixed leukocyte culture (MLC) reaction. Cells that suppressed this response were identified in the spleens of tumor-bearing mice 10--14 days after inoculation. The suppressor cells were adherent, radiosensitive T-lymphocytes of the Lyt 1-, 2, 3+ phenotype. Mice inoculated with Gross MuLV (G-MuLV)-producing tumor cells, but not those inoculated with a nonproducing subclone of the same tumor cells, developed suppressor T-cells. The T-cell-mediated suppression of the MLC could be augmented by the admixture of G MuLV antigen, similar to that replicated by the tumor cell, but not by the admixture of a Rauscher-type MuLV antigen which lacked the cross-reactive, type specific antigens of the G-MuLV. Furthermore, this augmented suppression could be abrogated by the addition of monoclonal anti-gp70 antibody. These findings indicated that antigen-specific suppressor T-cells were induced in response to leukemia virus antigen shed from and/or expressed on tumor cells and that the suppressive activity involved the specific recognition of the gp70 portion of the virus. PMID- 6214657 TI - Quantitative spectrophotometric assay of renal tissue plasminogen activator. PMID- 6214656 TI - Impairment of glomerular clearance of macroaggregates in immune complex glomerulonephritis. AB - Autologous immune complex glomerulonephritis (AICGN, Heymann nephritis) in rats is characterized by the accumulation of immune deposits in a subepithelial location. Protamine-heparin aggregates with similar localization are normally cleared by glomerular epithelial cell endocytosis. The kinetics of protamine heparin aggregate clearance from the lamina rara externa of the glomerular basement membrane in rats with AICGN were investigated. In the early stages of AICGN, the baseline numerical density of protamine-heparin aggregates at sites of immune deposit accumulation was 37.8 +/- 8.4 (mean +/- SEM) aggregates per 100 mu, significantly lower than the 71 +/- 6.9 aggregates per 100 mu in the normal appearing, immune deposit free, zone of the glomerular basement membrane (P less than 0.05). The aggregates localizing along the normal appearing parts of the lamina rara externa disappeared according to first order kinetics, similar to their clearance in normal animals. The numerical density after 3 hr in this zone of the membrane was 21.7% +/- 3.5 of the baseline at 5 min. By contrast, at sites of immune deposit accumulation, the aggregates were not cleared and actually accumulated to 160.9% +/- 12.4 of the baseline at 3 hr. It is proposed that there is impaired epithelial cell endocytic function in early AICGN, which could contribute to the perpetuation of the immune-deposit mediated lesion. PMID- 6214658 TI - Stimulation of PGE2 synthesis by mercuric chloride in rat glomeruli and glomerular cells in vitro. AB - PGE2 production in the presence of mercuric chloride was measured by specific radioimmunoassay in isolated whole glomeruli and in cultured glomerular cells. Under basal conditions, mercuric chloride at 10 micrograms.ml-1 caused a twofold stimulation of PGE2 in isolated whole glomeruli, and at 1 to 10 micrograms.ml-1 it caused a more marked increase of PGE2 (eight times the control value) in mesangial or epithelial glomerular cells. An excess of arachidonic acid, however, blunted the stimulatory effects of mercury. Furthermore, the effect of mercuric chloride on PGE2 production was only observed with intact preparations but not with cell homogenates. Mercury inhibited cyclooxygenase activity in purified glomerular microsomes. It also inhibited phospholipase activity in purified glomerular cell membranes, whereas it stimulated phospholipase activity in intact cells. These results demonstrate that mercury modifies PGE2 synthesis via multiple mechanisms. Stimulation occurring at low doses of mercury can be attributed to the indirect activation of phospholipase. We suggest that mercuric chloride suppresses the inhibitory effect of lipomodulin on this enzyme. PMID- 6214659 TI - [Laparoscopy in the diagnosis of abdominal injuries in children]. PMID- 6214660 TI - [Role of laparoscopy in closed abdominal injury in children]. PMID- 6214661 TI - [X-ray endoscopic studies in the diagnosis of the causes of mechanical jaundice]. PMID- 6214662 TI - [Diagnostic and therapeutic laparoscopy in surgical practice]. PMID- 6214663 TI - [Endovascular dilatation of arterial stenosis in a transplanted kidney]. PMID- 6214664 TI - [Radionuclide phlebography of patients with post-thrombotic disease of the lower extremities]. PMID- 6214665 TI - [Electrocardiographic diagnosis of chronic cor pulmonale in the middle-aged and elderly]. PMID- 6214666 TI - Progressive passive Heymann nephritis in the rat. AB - Progressive passive Heymann nephritis was produced in rats by simultaneous intravenous injections of heterologous antirat glomerular basement membrane antiserum and heterologous antirat kidney tubular fraction 3 antibody. The animals were killed at 16 weeks by which time approximately one-half of them were severely proteinuric. The glomeruli showed beaded immune deposits around the capillaries by immunofluorescence, and on electron microscopy osmiophilic deposits were noted in the subepithelial zones and within the glomerular basement membrane. The lesion resembled that of severe Heymann nephritis. gamma-Globulin eluted from the kidneys contained an autologous IgG that reacted with the brush border region of the renal proximal tubules of normal rats. This component was present in proteinuric and nonproteinuric animals. It is concluded that the progression results from the development of autoantibodies to the tubular nephritogenic antigen and the proteinuria is related to increasing deposition of immune complexes in the glomeruli. PMID- 6214667 TI - Pattern recognition in tachographic gait records of normal and lower extremity handicapped human subjects. AB - The electromechanical behaviour of the tachographic gait recording system developed by earlier research scientists was analysed. Some alterations were incorporated and the resulting modified system was used to record the gait of 25 normal, healthy, able-bodied adult males with sedentary habits, and 67 subjects having different types of lower extremity handicap. Some of the findings obtained from analysis of these gait records are reported in this paper. Basic differences in the pattern associated with different types of subjects have been explored through analysis of basic gait characteristics e.g. cadence, consistency etc., whereas the existence of specific patterns for each group of subjects has been recognised by applying the multi-variate statistical tool of discriminant analysis. PMID- 6214668 TI - Isolation and viability of gastric mucosal surface cells of the rabbit. PMID- 6214669 TI - Role of mitochondrial enhancement in maintaining hepatic energy charge level in endotoxin shock. PMID- 6214670 TI - Concurrent left and right ventricular hypertrophy in dog models of right ventricular overload. AB - In two pressure and volume overload models of canine right ventricular hypertrophy, we have demonstrated significant hypertrophy of both the left and the right ventricles. The extent of hypertrophy was correlated positively to the extent of the increase in plasma epinephrine in both volume and pressure overload models. Attenuation or ablation of plasma epinephrine through the administration of propranolol, a beta-adrenergic blocker, or by denervation of the adrenal medulla prevented the hypertrophy process. No hemodynamic parameter was altered consistently in a parallel manner to hypertrophy. This is the first report of concurrent right and left ventricular hypertrophy in response to pressure or volume overload of the right ventricle. These studies further implicate epinephrine as a major trophic hormone of the heart. PMID- 6214671 TI - Prosthetic replacement for the thoracic vena cava: an experimental study. AB - The superior vena cava (SVC) and thoracic inferior vena cava (IVC) were replaced in 46 dogs with autologous vein, knitted Dacron, glutaraldehyde-fixed porcine pericardium, unsupported polytetrafluorethylene (PTFE), and externally stented PTFE. After 30 days, patency rates were determined by contrast venography and were 100%, 9%, 50%, 75%, and 100%, respectively. The patency rates of Dacron and glutaraldehyde-fixed pericardium are considered unacceptable when compared to autologous vein (p less than 0.05). Stented PTFE exhibited a patency rate equal to that of autologous vein at 30 days, minimal graft reaction, excellent incorporation by host fibroblasts, and a smooth neointima. The external spiral support added to PTFE enchanced the thromboresistance of this graft in the thoracic venous system. Long-term follow-up is required to determine if the stented PTFE prosthesis remains comparable to autologous vein as a venous conduit. PMID- 6214672 TI - [Phosphohexose isomerase in psoriasis]. AB - --The authors study in psoriasis an enzyme of the glucolytic way, the Phospho hexose-isomerase. --They find significant high levels in blood and damaged skin, while these were "normal" in healthy skin. --Phospho-hexose-isomerase acts as a biological marker in psoriasis, and acquires the significance of an active cellular proliferation. --The highest values are those of the erythrodermaes which become normal with clinical involution. --The authors suggest that psoriasis, by an exaggerated cellular division inhibition mechanism, metabolism is deviated in order to bring the energetic elements and substrate to form the new cell. --Phospho-hexose-isomerase is not specific of the malignant process. PMID- 6214673 TI - [Chronic actinic dermatitis. Actinic reticuloid with transition to photosensitive eczema and return to actinic reticuloid]. PMID- 6214675 TI - [Lucio's leprosy]. AB - A case of diffuse lepromatous leprosy with lepra reaction type II-Lucio's phenomenon-in a 24 years old male patient is reported. The histological examination of the necrotic lesions and of the apparently normal skin showed the presence of dense perivascular and perianexial lymphohystiocitic infiltrates with great quantities of bacilli. The first biopsy did not show a picture a leuccocytoclastic vasculitis but only areas of necrosis. The immunofluorescence studies revealed on direct examination complement deposits on vessel walls. The complement levels in blood were lowered and circulating inmunecomplexes were also detected. These data confirm the opinion that Lucio's phenomenon is caused by circulating inmunecomplexes fixed on dermal vessel walls causing skin necrotic lesions. PMID- 6214674 TI - [Cytotoxicity in acne vulgaris]. AB - Three cellular cytotoxic lymphocytary populations were studied in patients with different forms of inflammatory acne vulgaris: direct or spontaneous, antibodies dependent and phytohemagglutinine stimulated. To these was added "Propionibacterium acnes" from cultures of material extracted separately from comedones and pustules. The direct or spontaneous and antibodies dependent cytotoxicity were normal. The subpopulation responsible of the phytohemagglutinine stimulated cytotoxicity has shown a clear hyperactivity which was augmented by the addition of these bacteria. But this hyperactivity stimulation was selective for the "Propionibacterium acnes" from pustules and not for those from comedones. These findings could contribute to the knowledge of the immune cellular mechanisms in acne vulgaris inflammation provoked by these bacteria. PMID- 6214676 TI - Nuclear scanning in necrotizing progressive "malignant" external otitis. AB - The usefulness of radionuclear scanning in the treatment of 18 patients with necrotizing progressive "malignant" external otitis is discussed. A Tc 99-m bone scan, a valuable test since results are positive in early cases of osteomyelitis of the temporal bone and base of skull, showed increased uptake in all 18 patients. In 6 patients, Ga-67 citrate scans were obtained at the start of therapy and at 5-6 week intervals thereafter. The serial gallium scans were useful in evaluating the effectiveness of therapy since the uptake decrease with control of infection. PMID- 6214677 TI - [Organization of scientific research in roentgenology and radiology]. PMID- 6214678 TI - [Prevention and treatment of neuroses in students at a sanatorium-preventorium]. PMID- 6214680 TI - [Scientific organization of the work of paramedical personnel]. PMID- 6214679 TI - [Specialization of the paramedical team in a psychiatric hospital]. PMID- 6214681 TI - [Nurses' council]. PMID- 6214682 TI - [Visiting Red Cross nurses]. PMID- 6214683 TI - [Scientific organization of the work in the nurse's activities]. PMID- 6214684 TI - [Scientific organization of the work in a central sterilization department]. PMID- 6214685 TI - [Scientific organization of the work of nurses in a rehabilitation department for acute myocardial infarct patients]. PMID- 6214686 TI - [Work of improving the role and qualifications of head nurses]. PMID- 6214687 TI - [Tasks of training paramedical personnel in light of the decisions of the 26th Congress of the CPSU]. PMID- 6214688 TI - Structural and contractile proteins: the contractile apparatus and the cytoskeleton. Introduction. PMID- 6214689 TI - Assays for myosin. PMID- 6214690 TI - Preparation of C-protein, H-protein, X-protein, and phosphofructokinase. PMID- 6214691 TI - Preparation and purification of dynein. PMID- 6214692 TI - Preparation of myosin and its subfragments from rabbit skeletal muscle. PMID- 6214693 TI - Optical activity measurements for elucidating structure--function relationships in muscle protein systems. PMID- 6214694 TI - Interaction of actin and myosin in the presence and the absence of ATP. PMID- 6214695 TI - Sulfhydryl modification and labeling of myosin. PMID- 6214696 TI - Nucleotide sequence of the immunity region of bacteriophage Mu. AB - The leftmost 1590 bp of Mu DNA covering the immunity region have been sequenced. This region encodes the cI repressor, the cII or ner function and the beginning of gene A. An open reading frame extends from position 863 to 342 on the l-strand corresponding to cI protein with a molecular weight of 19212. It is preceded by a sequence resembling a promoter. To the right of the HindIII site an open reading frame extends from position 1099 to 1323 corresponding to cII or ner protein (molecular weight of 8505) followed by the beginning of gene A at position 1328. Between position 863 and 1099 promoters for leftward and rightward transcription and operator-like structures can be recognized in the sequence. The promoter for rightward transcription overlaps with the HindIII site and coincides with a RNA polymerase binding site as demonstrated by electron microscopy. PMID- 6214697 TI - Role of SSB protein in RecA promoted branch migration reactions. AB - The RecA protein of Escherichia coli is essential for genetic recombination and postreplicational repair of DNA. In vitro, RecA protein promotes strand transfer reactions between full length linear duplex and single stranded circular DNA of phi X174 to form heteroduplex replicative form II-like structures (Cox and Lehman 1981 a0. In a similar way, it transfers one strand of a short duplex restriction fragment to a single stranded circle. Both reactions require RecA and single strand binding protein (SSB) in amounts sufficient to saturate the ssDNA. The rate and extent of strand transfer is enhanced considerably when SSB is added after preincubation of the DNA with RecA protein. In contrast, SSB protein is not required for RecA protein catalysed reciprocal strand exchanges between regions of duplex DNA. These results indicate that while SSB is necessary for efficient transfer between linear duplex and ssDNA to form a single heteroduplex, it is not required for branch migration reactions between duplex molecules that form two heteroduplexes. PMID- 6214701 TI - Not "cured by a verdict". Effect of legal settlement on compensation claimants. PMID- 6214700 TI - Co-trimoxazole and "fish fanciers' finger". PMID- 6214698 TI - Effect of bacterial host repair systems on the viability of hydroxylamine and methyl methanesulfonate treated T4 and lambda bacteriophages. AB - Survival of HA1 or MMS-treated T4 and lambda phages was estimated in bacterial cells differing in their ability to repair DNA. It has been found that the mismatch repair system of the bacterial host, which involves mutS mutR MutL uvrE and dam loci, does not excise, or does so to only a limited extent, the nonpaired bases from DNA of HA or MMS-treated phages. Mutation in polA, both in the polymerase as well as in the 5' leads to 3' exonuclease activity, have a small effect on survival of HA-treated phages, whereas mutation in the polymerase activity has a pronounced effect on survival of MMS-treated phages. There was a difference in the effect of polA mutations on survival of MMS-treated T4 and lambda phages; the survival of the former was less affected than the latter. Induction of SOS response has no effect on repair of HA and MMS-treated phages. Pretreatment of bacterial host (including the ada- mutant) with low doses of alkylating agents increases the survival of MMS (but not HA)-treated phages; pretreatment of bacteria with HA has no effect on survival of HA-treated phages. Three lines of evidence: the different inactivation rates of MMS-treated T4 and lambda phages, variation in the effect of polA mutations on survival of T4 and lambda phages, and a different level of adaptive response in ada- cells towards of MMS-treated T4 and lambda phages, suggest that the patterns of DNA methylation in T4 and lambda phages are different. PMID- 6214699 TI - [Zearalenone-producing species of the genus Fusarium Lk. ex Fr. on feeds]. PMID- 6214702 TI - [Infestation of village populations of Ornithodoros papillipes Bir. with the causative agent of tick-borne relapsing fever in Uzbekistan]. PMID- 6214703 TI - [Examination of environmental matter for the presence of Toxocara]. PMID- 6214704 TI - [Use of hydrogeological indices is one of the possible ways of searching for areas of a stable plague enzootic]. PMID- 6214705 TI - Effect of halothane on cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase at low calcium concentrations. AB - The effect of halothane on cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase activity was studied at low calcium concentrations (0.4-20 microM). Clinical concentrations of halothane (1%-3%, v/v) were found to depress Ca2+-ATPase activity more severely at lower calcium levels than at the higher calcium levels previously reported (greater than 0.1 mM). An increase in calcium concentration in the external medium of a preparation of isolated cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles antagonized the halothane-induced depression of the Ca2+ ATPase activity. The depression of calcium-activated ATPase activity by halothane appears to take place by a competitive-type inhibition. The Ca2+-ATPase Vmax remained constant at 0.175 mumole/min/mg of protein with an increasing Km (0.47 microM-4.09 microM). Halothane depression of sarcoplasmic reticulum function may in part explain the ability of halothane to depress myocardial function. PMID- 6214706 TI - [Structure-function study of 1,4-alpha-glucan branching enzyme by limited trypsin treatment]. AB - 1.4-alpha-glucan branching enzyme (EC 2.4.1.18) from rabbit muscles with an essential 2.5S RNA component has been studied by limited trypsin treatment. Under a great variety of hydrolysis conditions the product resistant to subsequent action of trypsin was obtained. This product contains about 70% of protein and all 2.5S RNA of the original nucleoprotein and retains about 50% of original activity. Amino acids Composition showed, that the protein is of alkaline nature and is rich in lysine. The alkaline nature of protein remains unchanged after trypsinolysis. On the basis of these studies it was assumed that the presence of firmly attached to the protein 2.5S RNA protects the branching enzyme against more powerful trypsinolysis and hinders loss of activity of the branching enzyme. PMID- 6214708 TI - Heat mutagenesis of bacteriophage phi X174 in SOS-induced bacteria. PMID- 6214709 TI - Normal formation and repair of gamma-radiation-induced single and double strand DNA breaks in Down syndrome fibroblasts. PMID- 6214707 TI - Gastric inhibitory polypeptide. PMID- 6214710 TI - Prophage induction and mutagenicity of a series of anti-tumour platinum(II) and platinum(IV) co-ordination complexes. AB - 11 platinum compounds with nitrogen donor ligands, previously tested for anti tumour activity, were studied for induction of prophage lambda and for mutagenicity in the Ames assay, with various strains of Salmonella. The compounds included cis and trans isomers of Pt(II) and Pt(IV) complexes and were tested with and without metabolic activation. All the cis compounds elicited prophage induction, whereas the trans compounds were inactive. Mutagenicity was found only in strains containing the R factor, indicating that SOS-type repair processes are required for the conversion of initial DNA lesions into mutations. Mutation induction was also influenced by the excision-repair process. The 2 trans compounds were not, or only slightly, mutagenic; all other compounds were mutagenic in at least one strain, exhibiting a 2-20-fold increase over the spontaneous background level. Addition of liver homogenate had no significant effect on the number of mutants. One compound induced exclusively frameshift mutations. The other mutagenic compounds induced frameshift mutations as well as base-pair substitutions. 7 compounds were more mutagenic for the repair proficient than for the repair-deficient strains; only one showed the opposite effect. This suggests that for mutagenicity testing of platinum compounds, repair proficient strains are more sensitive indicators. The differences in response of the various strains are more sensitive indicators. The differences in response of the various strains toward the compounds suggest the formation of different DNA lesions and/or a selective action of repair processes on these lesions. In general, a good qualitative correlation was observed between prophage-inducing capacity, mutagenicity in bacterial and mammalian cells and anti-tumour activity. PMID- 6214711 TI - Study on the variation in X-ray sensitivity of human diploid skin fibroblasts. Normal radiosensitivity of cells derived from patients with Huntington's disease. AB - 9 cell strains derived from patients with Huntington's disease and 9 from age- and sex-matched controls were investigated for X-ray sensitivity. No differences in radiosensitivity were observed for the two groups. The two groups taken together reveal a dependence of radiosensitivity on intrinsic cloning efficiency which in turn correlates with donor age. A difference in radiosensitivity between males and females is also indicated although at the borderline of significance. As a parameter for radiosensitivity the dose needed to obtain 0.1% survival appears superior to the Do. PMID- 6214712 TI - International Commission for Protection against Environmental Mutagens and Carcinogens. Committee 2 Final Report. Mutagenesis testing as an approach to carcinogenesis. PMID- 6214713 TI - Altered factor VIII in acute respiratory failure. AB - Acute respiratory failure is characterized by pulmonary vascular injury and increased endothelial permeability. Since endothelial cells synthesize or release factor VIII, we studied factor VIII:antigen, factor VIII:von Willebrand's factor, and factor VIII:coagulant activity in 100 patients with acute respiratory failure, in 29 critically ill patients without evidence of lung disease, and in 60 normal subjects. As a group, patients with respiratory failure had factor VIII:antigen levels that were five times normal, whereas their factor VIII:coagulant and von Willebrand's activities were normal or above normal. However, there was a remarkable disproportion between the levels of factor VIII:antigen and those of factor VIII:coagulant and von Willebrand's factor. In the other ill patients and in the normal group, these levels were in close proportion. In patients with respiratory failure, both slowly and rapidly migrating components of factor VIII:antigen had abnormal electrophoretic patterns; in moderate and severe cases, there was a marked increase in the fast component. Patients who recovered from acute respiratory failure had electrophoretic patterns that returned toward normal. Factor VIII:antigen may be a sensitive circulating indicator of pulmonary endothelial injury and repair. PMID- 6214714 TI - Low levels of HDL in severe cystic acne. PMID- 6214715 TI - Pulmonary hypoplasia in Down's syndrome. AB - We studied the lungs of seven patients of various ages who had Down's syndrome, to determine whether they had abnormalities in pulmonary development. Six of the seven had hypoplastic lungs. Five had congenital heart disease, but pulmonary hypoplasia was of equal severity, irrespective of the presence or absence or the type of congenital heart disease. Three other patients with congenital heart disease but without Down's syndrome had lungs that were equally diminished in volume. However, these lungs lacked the structural abnormalities seen in Down's syndrome, which consisted of a diminished number of alveoli in relation to acini and enlarged alveoli and alveolar ducts. The patients with Down's syndrome also had a smaller total number of alveoli and a smaller alveolar surface area. We speculate that the smaller alveolar surface area is accompanied by loss of capillary surface area, which is responsible for the aggravation of pulmonary hypertension in Down's syndrome. PMID- 6214716 TI - Immune complexes in cancer. PMID- 6214717 TI - Experimental paracoccidioidomycosis in the Syrian hamster. Morphology and correlation of lesions with humoral and cell-mediated immunity. AB - Male hamsters (105) received intratesticular injection of suspension of a live yeast phase culture of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis and were sacrificed weekly during 20 weeks. Humoral immunity was studied by the agar-gel immunodiffusion (ID) and indirect immunofluorescence (IF) tests. Cell-mediated immunity was determined by the macrophage migration inhibition test in the presence of phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and Paracoccidioides brasiliensis soluble antigen (PbAg). The morphology of the lesions was studied in the inoculation site, lymph nodes, lung, liver, spleen and kidneys. Disseminated paracoccidioidomycosis was observed in 100% of the animals after the first week. The lesions were initially made up of fungi surrounded by polymorphonuclear neutrophils and macrophages. Up to the 10th week the majority of the lesions appeared as compact confluent ephitelioid granulomas containing rare large fungi, some showing sings of degeneration. At this time, the specific antibody titers and the cellular immune response to PHA and PbAg were highest. From the 11th week on the granulomas became less compact, edematous with the epithelioid cells loosely arranged. This change was accompanied by an increase in the number of fungi showing reproductive activity and was associated with renal amyloidosis and progressive decline of cellular immune response both to PHA and PbAg. Contrariwise the titers of circulating antibodies were maintained. In the present model, disseminated paracoccidioidomycosis of the hamster was associated with depression of cellular immunity, change in the pattern of the granuloma, intense fungi proliferation and amyloidosis. PMID- 6214718 TI - Diseases of autoimmunity. PMID- 6214720 TI - An actomyosin motor. PMID- 6214719 TI - Syndromes of accelerated aging. AB - A systematic review of the more than 2,000 genetic loci of man cataloged by McKusick indicated that approximately 7% may play a role in modulating the rates of development of various aspects of the senescent phenotype. Assuming an upper limit of about 100,000 loci in man, numerous alleles at approximately 7,000 loci could be contributing to characteristic patterns of aging in individual human beings. Point mutations or chromosomal aberrations involving such loci may result in various progeroid syndromes. These have been classified into two categories: segmental progeroid syndromes, which involve multiple aspects of the senescent phenotype, and unimodal progeroid syndromes, in which predominantly one aspect of the phenotype is involved. Two different examples of segmental progeroid syndromes were discussed: the Werner syndrome (an autosomal recessive) and the Down syndrome (trisomy 21). Examples of unimodal progeroid syndromes included familial hypercholesterolemia (accelerated atherogenesis), xeroderma pigmentosum (acceleration of skin aging, including age-related neoplasms), and certain forms of intestinal polyposis (acceleration of adenocarcinoma of the colon). It is remarkable and encouraging that the biochemical genetic basis of many progeroid syndromes, including all of those mentioned above, may be amenable to investigation with cultured mesenchymal somatic cells from individual subjects. For example, cells from patients with the Werner's syndrome have a striking limitation of their in vitro replicative life-spans and undergo extensive chromosomal rearrangements. These abnormalities are presumably related to an enzyme deficiency which, in principle, could be identified by biochemical studies of cultured cells. PMID- 6214721 TI - [2 can do more than 1: on peripheral ischemic vascular disorders]. PMID- 6214723 TI - Experimental membranous glomerulonephritis. The relationship between circulating free antibody and immune complexes to subsequent pathology. PMID- 6214722 TI - Circulating immune complex in glomerulonephropathy associated with hepatitis B virus infection. AB - Urinary abnormalities combined with positive serum hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg) were found in 9 children. Most of these patients were found by mass urine screening of school children. Renal biopsy findings revealed 6 cases of membranous glomerulonephropathy (MGN) and 3 cases of minimal change disease. Immune deposits consisting of hepatitis B virus e antigen (HBeAg), IgG and C3 were detected in the glomerular capillary walls by immunofluorescent study in patients with MGN. Circulating immune complex was positive at a rate of 67% (6/9 cases) by the C1q-binding assay and at a rate of 56% (5/9 cases) by the protein-A precipitation test in patients with persistent urinary abnormalities and hepatic dysfunction. PMID- 6214724 TI - Specific proteolysis of a brain membrane phosphoprotein (B-50): effects of calcium and calmodulin. AB - The membrane bound phosphoprotein B-50 (MW 48K) was isolated from rat brain tissue. The fraction containing the highest endogenous B-50 phosphorylating activity (ASP 57-82%) contains protease activity. In the absence of calcium a time-dependent decrease of the protein B-50 is observed. Under these conditions another phosphoprotein B-60 (MW 46K) appears in the incubation medium. Addition of calcium and/or calmodulin enhances the protease activity whereas the substrate specificity is lost. Results of both isoelectric focussing and peptide mapping indicate the B-50 and B-60 are related proteins. These data support our hypothesis that the recently isolated behaviorally active peptide PIP (MW approx. 1600 D) is the smaller cleavage product of the proteolytic degradation of B-50 to B-60. PMID- 6214725 TI - Antisera against ganglioside GM2: immunochemical and immunohistological studies. AB - Antisera against ganglioside GM2 were raised in rabbits and tested by immunodiffusion, complement fixation and immunohistology. The presence of precipitating antibodies was demonstrated by immunodiffusion techniques (Ouchterlony and reversed Mancini). GM2-antibody titres were determined by a quantitative microcomplement fixation assay. The GM2-antibodies were shown to be specifically directed against GM2 and did not cross-react with the major brain gangliosides. Application of GM2-antiserum to brain sections from a case of GM2 gangliosidosis (Sandhoff's disease) in an immunofluorescence study produced a specific fluorescence of the granular GM2-storage material within the cytoplasm of cortical neurons. With immunoperoxidase staining by electron microscopy, labelling of the surface of the membraneous cytoplasmic bodies was obtained. PMID- 6214726 TI - Dynamic aspects of chromaffin granule structure. PMID- 6214727 TI - Cell proliferation in denervated muscle: identity and origin of dividing cells. AB - DNA synthesis in skeletal muscle increases dramatically during the first week after denervation. In the present study, we have characterized the dividing cells in order to assess the specificity and significance of this response to denervation. Autoradiography of [3H]thymidine-labeled denervated muscles revealed that many classes of cells were dividing, including fibroblasts (the most numerous of the labeled cells), macrophages, vascular cells, muscle satellite cells, spindle capsule cells, perineurial cells and Schwann cells. The number of labeled satellite cells accounted for no more than 10% of the dividing cells. Labeling indices of spindle capsule, perineurial and Schwann cells reached a maximum 3 days after denervation, while those of fibroblasts and macrophages peaked at 4 days. The former group of cells, which are in close contact with nerve trunks, accounted for 28% of cell division on day 3 (but only 5% on day 4) and were apparently responding to a local influence from degenerating axons. Connective tissue cells, making up the largest class of dividing cells (80% on day 4) were found throughout the muscle and appeared to proliferate in response to changes occurring along the entire length of the muscle fibers. Macrophages involved in the response were mostly resident histiocytes, since prior labeling of blood cells showed that leukocytes did not enter the muscle in substantial number after denervation. Both muscle satellite cells and connective tissue cells are essential for the functional regeneration of muscle. Thus, on the basis of overall cytologic characterization, cell division after denervation seems to represent a limited regenerative response. PMID- 6214728 TI - Interactions between primidone, carbamazepine, and nicotinamide. AB - The effect of nicotinamide on the conversion of primidone to phenobarbital was studied in mice and in three epileptic patients. In mice, 200 mg per kilogram of nicotinamide increased the half-life of primidone by 47.6%, and the conversion to phenobarbital and phenylethylmalonamide was decreased by 32.4% and 14.5%, respectively. Nicotinamide also decreased the conversion of primidone to phenobarbital in patients. The dose of nicotinamide correlated directly with the primidone-phenobarbital ratio (r = 0.861, p less than 0.01). Nicotinamide also increased carbamazepine levels in two patients treated with this drug. The data demonstrate that nicotinamide inhibits metabolism of primidone in mice and metabolism of primidone and carbamazepine in humans. This probably occurs by inhibition of cytochrome P-450 by nicotinamide. PMID- 6214730 TI - Failure of isoniazid therapy in Huntington disease. PMID- 6214729 TI - Lymphocyte studies in a patient with chronic polyradiculoneuropathy. AB - We studied immunologic abnormalities in one patient with chronic polyradiculoneuropathy and the effects of immune suppression and plasmapheresis on the clinical course and immune abnormalities. Increased helper T cells and B cells with deficiency of T suppressor cells to B-cell but not to T-cell targets were detected. The patient's blood lymphocytes, but not the controls' lymphocytes, proliferated in vitro on culturing them with P2 antigen in the presence of the patient's CSF. Plasmapheresis combined with corticosteroid and azathioprine reversed the majority of immune abnormalities to normal but did not decrease the patient's lymphocyte-P2 proliferative response; nor did it improve clinical status. PMID- 6214731 TI - [Calcification of mitral anulus and mitral valve prolapse. Description of a case with severe mitral valve insufficiency]. AB - We report the case of a women, 40 years old, suffering from a severe mitral insufficiency caused by the simultaneous presence of three anatomical anomalies: mitral valve prolapse, mitral anulus dilation and calcification. Such degrees of calcification are generally found in older people and in association with a similar degeneration of all the fibrous skeleton of the heart. Whereas the association of mitral valve prolapse with mitral anulus dilation has been clearly remarked, a few cases (16 as a whole in our knowledge) with scanty details documented the possibility of an associated mitral anulus calcification. PMID- 6214732 TI - Erythrocyte phosphate content in Huntington's disease. AB - Total phosphate was higher in erythrocytes of patients with Huntington's disease (HD) than in erythrocytes of age- and sex-matched normal adults. A more rapid rate of organic phosphate degradation was also noted in HD erythrocytes during metabolic depletion. These variations may be associated with alterations of membrane permeabilities of HD erythrocytes to inorganic phosphate and to cations. PMID- 6214733 TI - Abnormalities of fuel metabolism in the polycystic ovary syndrome. AB - To investigate the metabolic effects of medroxyprogesterone acetate, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in women with polycystic ovary syndrome was evaluated before and after long-term therapy with this drug. The effects of suppression of pituitary gonadotropins and ovarian sex steroids were correlated with the response to an oral glucose load and with a serum lipid profile. Twenty of 25 women with polycystic ovary syndrome weighted more than 150% of their ideal body weight. None of the patients had fasting hyperglycemia. Fasting and peak serum insulin responses to glucose were abnormally high in most patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. Fasting serum insulin had a significant positive correlation with percent ideal body weight (r = .7, P less than .01). High density lipoprotein cholesterol was low in all patients studied, whereas total cholesterol and serum triglyceride levels were normal. Therapy with medroxyprogesterone acetate did not affect body weight, glucose tolerance, or serum lipids. The correlations between serum testosterone and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol or insulin levels were not significant (P greater than .1). The authors conclude that medroxyprogesterone acetate does not affect the metabolic syndrome of obesity, hyperinsulinemia, and decreased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol that is commonly seen in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. PMID- 6214734 TI - Clinical outcome in endometrial cancer. AB - Patients with endometrial carcinoma (N = 1113) were treated by conventional therapy, using surgery and radiotherapy, complemented by daily administration of 100 mg oral medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) for a 2-year period. Only 7.3% of the malignancies were at an advanced clinical stage (III or IV), whereas 75.9 and 16.8% of the carcinomas were detected at clinical stages I and II, respectively. The 5-year survival rate was 71.0% overall, and 77.8%, 61.0, 29.0, and 5.3 for clinical stages I, II, III, and IV, respectively. Patients with anaplastic carcinoma (grade 3) at all clinical stages had significantly lower survival rates than had patients with well-differentiated (grade 1) and moderately differentiated (grade 2) adenocarcinomas. Death of grade 1, grade 2 and grade 3 endometrial carcinoma during the first 2 years occurred in 4.7, 6.8, and 18.2% of cases, respectively, in stage II, indicating that adjuvant MPA cannot totally prevent the progression of endometrial malignancy. The incidence of anaplastic endometrial carcinoma increased with the spread of the disease. It often appeared in patients with low body weight or a second invasive malignancy, but seldom occurred in young patients or patients with diabetes, uterine myoma, or a history of previous estrogen use. The worsened prognosis associated with old age, low body weight, and presence of a second invasive malignancy thus seems at lest partly due to the increased incidence of anaplastic carcinoma, which, on the other hand, did not contribute to the decreased 5-year survival rate of patients with diabetes or severe hypertension. PMID- 6214735 TI - Clomiphene and dexamethasone in women unresponsive to clomiphene alone. AB - Twelve oligomenorrhic women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCO) in whom clomiphene (250 mg daily for 5 days) and 10,000 IU human chorionic gonadotropin had failed to induce ovulation were treated with clomiphene and dexamethasone. Eight of the 12 women underwent complete hormonal assessment during treatment. Six of the 12 ovulated and 1 conceived. Serum total and unbound estradiol and testosterone (T), serum dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S), sex hormone binding-globulin binding capacity (SHBG-BC), luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and prolactin (PRL) were measured during clomiphene and dexamethasone therapy. SHBG-BC increased in response to clomiphene whether or not ovulation occurred. After treatment with clomiphene and dexamethasone there was a significant decrease in serum T, unbound T, and DHEA-S 2 weeks after dexamethasone administration, but there were no change in LH, FSH, or PRL. In patients who ovulated after clomiphene and dexamethasone, T and unbound T increased again after clomiphene was begun despite the continuation of dexamethasone. The women who ovulated after clomiphene and dexamethasone treatment had significantly higher pretreatment levels of DHEA-S than those who did not ovulate. Clomiphene and dexamethasone treatment may be beneficial to women who have elevated levels of DHEAS and who fail to ovulate with maximum doses of clomiphene. PMID- 6214736 TI - A map to the maze of disability benefits. PMID- 6214737 TI - Public safety and the rights of the handicapped. PMID- 6214738 TI - [Communicable pulmonary tuberculosis of a handcraft teacher--results of an environment survey]. PMID- 6214739 TI - [Comparison of health and social indicators in West German large cities (contribution to ecological context analysis in public health]. PMID- 6214740 TI - [Experiences with a babysitting service for handicapped children and adolescents]. PMID- 6214741 TI - [Slender without diet--experiences with the nutrition counseling agency of the public health office of Vienna]. PMID- 6214742 TI - [Are there really important recent findings on passive smoking?]. PMID- 6214743 TI - [Plaque as a cause of caries and gingivitis--cause and prevention]. PMID- 6214744 TI - [Caries statistics after 2 years of tablet fluoridation]. PMID- 6214745 TI - [Impulse noise from the viewpoint of area relevant planning--a field study at the town thoroughfare in Biebelried]. PMID- 6214747 TI - [Legal determinations in the handling of disease causing agents]. PMID- 6214746 TI - [Group sickness by Giardia lamblia in a Hamburg child day care center]. PMID- 6214748 TI - [Leprosy from the public health viewpoint--epidemiology and control]. PMID- 6214750 TI - Glycocalyx regeneration and intercellular junction formation in reaggregates of embryonic myocardial cells. PMID- 6214749 TI - [The lacrimal apparatus in chronic exposure of the body to styrene vapors]. PMID- 6214751 TI - Structure and carbohydrate histochemistry of the minor salivary glands of the Japanese macaque (Macaca fuscata yakui). PMID- 6214752 TI - An opinion on the minor sublingual gland. PMID- 6214753 TI - The apical seal via the retrosurgical approach. II. An evaluation of retrofilling materials. AB - In this investigation heat-sealed gutta-percha (A) reinforced with Adaptic (B), ASPA (C), Cupralloy without (D) and with (E) varnish, Spheraloy without (F) and with (G) varnish were used as retrofilling materials. Seventy maxillary central incisors with Class I canal anatomy were selected. Marginal leakage at the apical filling/root canal interface was evaluated quantitatively by means of a fluorescent dye technique. All statistical tests were computed at the 5 percent level of significance. Analysis of variance revealed that differences in microleakage among retrofillings were significant. Tukey's test of multiple contrasts was used to isolate statistically significant differences between all pairs of means. The following results were obtained: D F A G E C B Retrofillings are ranked in descending order of microleakage. Means that are linked were not significantly different. PMID- 6214754 TI - Cross-validation of the factor structure of the McGill Pain Questionnaire. AB - Low back pain patients' responses to the McGill Pain Questionnaire (MPQ) were factor analyzed using the principal factor method and direct oblique rotation procedures. Four factors were extracted that accounted for 55% of the total variance. Coefficients of congruence were computed in order to relate the current factors with those extracted in a previous factor analytic investigation. The results provided positive evidence that the sensory pressure, evaluative, and affective-sensory factors that were previously identified are stable dimensions underlying the MPQ responses of low back pain patients. However, it is necessary to conduct further cross-validation studies using patients from a wide variety of treatment settings. PMID- 6214755 TI - Comparison of three measures for detecting psychological disturbance in patients with low back pain. AB - The MMPI Low Back Scale, the 'Conversion V' MMPI profile and the Back Pain Classification Scale were compared for accuracy in detecting psychological disturbance in a sample of 91 patients with low back pain. These patients were classified as to the presence or absence of organic findings and psychological disturbance on the basis of objective and independent evaluations. Hit rates or 37.4%, 64.5% and 78.0% were produced by the 3 measures, respectively. The Back Pain Classification Scale was the most accurate measure, and the only scale to exceed base rate. The implications of these findings for clinical practice are discussed. PMID- 6214756 TI - Interactions between the intestinal flagellates Giardia muris and Spironucleus muris and the blood parasites Babesia microti, Plasmodium yoelii and Plasmodium berghei in mice. AB - In mice infected with the intestinal flagellates Giardia muris or Spironucleus muris, together with the blood parasites Babesia microti or Plasmodium yoelii, there is a temporary decrease of flagellate cyst output coincident with the peak of the blood parasite infections, followed by a rapid return to normal levels. This decrease in cyst output is correlated with decreased numbers of trophozoites in the small intestine. The effect on S. muris is more marked than that on G. muris. Neither blood parasites has any effect on the total duration of the flagellate infection and the flagellates do not affect the blood parasites. In mice infected with G. muris or S. muris and P. berghei there is also a decrease in cyst output but this is less apparent than in infections with B. microti or P. yoelii because of the fatal nature of the P. berghei infection. It is suggested that the decrease in cyst output is probably due to changes in the contents of the small intestine or to non-specific immunological factors rather than to specific immunological changes. PMID- 6214757 TI - Immunological aspects of Giardia muris and Spironucleus muris infections in inbred and outbred strains of laboratory mice: a comparative study. AB - The intestinal flagellates, Giardia muris and Spironucleus muris, cause similar infections in CBA mice as determined by trophozoite and cyst counts. Both parasites occur all along the small intestine with G. muris, being mainly present in the anterior part and S. muris towards the posterior. The early stages of infection are similar in all strains of mice examined and peak levels of both trophozoites and cysts occur 1-2 weeks after infection. All strains of mice overcome the infection but the rate of recovery varies considerably between strains, being most rapid in BALB/c and slowest in A and C57BL.B10. Outbred mice are more variable in their recovery than inbred mice. After recovery, mice are partially resistant to reinfection with the homologous but not the heterologous parasite. Resistance to reinfection with S. muris is greatest in those strains that eliminate the primary infection most rapidly. Giardia muris and S. muris cause similar changes in the mucosa of the small intestine of BALB/c mice with increased intra-epithelial lymphocyte counts from 3 weeks onwards corresponding with the start of the elimination of the parasites from the gut. A reduction in villus height and increase in crypt depth is also characteristic of these infections. PMID- 6214758 TI - [Use of moxalactam in intensive care units: clinical and bacteriological results related to serum and bronchial concentrations ]. AB - Twenty-patients (14 with mechanical ventilation) received moxalactam in an intensive care unit for pneumonia (3 cases), empyema (5 cases), bronchopneumonia (8 cases), bronchopneumonia with bacteremia (4 cases), 23 organism were isolated and 16 were hospital-acquired: Staphylococcus (3), Escherichia coli (1), Klebsiella-Enterobacter-Serratia (5), Proteus (3), Aeruginosa (2), Acinetobacter (2), These patients received moxalactam at the dosage of 500 mg/8H, 5 at 1 g/12H and 13 at 1 g/8H. Daily dosage ranged between 25 and 50 mg/kg; mode of administration was IM (16) or IV infusion pump (5) and mean duration of treatment was 12 days (range 6-21). Serum and bronchial secretion samples were assayed by the agar diffusion technique utilizing a susceptible strain of enterobacter cloacae (0.06 microgram/ml) as assay organism. At 1 h, mean serum concentrations were 31.5 micrograms/ml after 1 g IM every 12H, 54.9 micrograms/ml after 1 g IM every 8H and at 30 mn after the end of the infusion, serum concentrations were 54.2 micrograms/ml. At the same time, bronchial secretion concentrations were respectively 2.1 micrograms/ml, 5 micrograms/ml and 3.7 micrograms/ml. Clinical cures were obtained in 16 (80%) and bacteriological cures occurred in 14 (70%); of the 12 hospital - acquired infections patients, 8 experienced clinical cures (66%) and the emergence of the following organisms was observed during moxalactam treatment: Staphylococcus (1), Enterococcus (1), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (1), Acinetobacter (3), For the 20 patients, we noted 4 adverse effects: pruritic morbilliform eruption (1), thrombocytosis (1), eosinophilia (2), To avoid failures, the usefulness of routine combinations with amyglycosides is discussed for the cases of hospital - acquired infections. PMID- 6214759 TI - [Macroergic compounds and ATPase activity of the arterial and venous walls in disturbed innervation]. PMID- 6214760 TI - Child abuse in Huntington's disease. PMID- 6214761 TI - Developmental and other pathologic changes in syndromes caused by chromosome abnormalities. PMID- 6214762 TI - Characteristic curves of the dynamic response of primary muscle spindle endings with and without gamma stimulation. PMID- 6214765 TI - [Basic and clinical studies of 99mTc-hydroxymethylene diphosphonate for skeletal imaging agent]. PMID- 6214763 TI - Effects of physical training and thyroxine on rodent cardiac functional and biochemical properties. AB - The effects of 8 weeks of interval running and of 14 days of thyroxine treatment were studied on selected cardiac functional and biochemical parameters of contraction in both female guinea pigs and rats. Relative to their respective sendentary-control groups, both trained groups demonstrated typical exercise adaptations of resting bradycardia and of increases in skeletal muscle oxidative enzymes and relative heart mass (P less than 0.05). Myosin ATPase, Ca2+ regulated myofibril ATPase, and + dP/dt max were at least two-fold higher in rats compared to guinea pigs (P less than 0.001). Physical training did not augment any of these parameters in either species under the experimental conditions studied. However, biochemical and functional indices of intrinsic cardiac contractility in guinea pigs were increased by injections of thyroxine; whereas, the same treatment regimen was without effect on the rats. These findings suggest that chronic running does not alter the intrinsic cardiac contractility state in either species. Also, exercise doesn't change the thyroid state of the guinea pig to a level sufficient to affect cardiac function. PMID- 6214764 TI - Effects of low-frequency electrical stimulation on fast and slow muscles of the rat. AB - Leg muscles of adult rats were stimulated chronically at a low-frequency, and the histochemical reactions of various enzymes (succinic dehydrogenase, mitochondrial alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase, phosphorylase, alkali-ATPase and acid ATPase), capillary density, resistance to fatigue, and contractile properties were studied. Following stimulation, the histochemical properties of muscle fibres in the fast extensor digitorum longus (EDL) and tibialis anterior (TA) muscles became similar to those of the majority of fibres in the slow soleus muscle. In the soleus muscle, the histochemical properties of the few fast type fibres became similar to the majority of 'slow' fibres so that its fibre composition was homogeneously 'slow'. The stimulated fast muscles also had higher capillary density and were more resistant to fatigue than normal. Despite the prolonged stimulation, the twitch duration of the fast muscles was little changed. This result differs from the findings obtained previously for the rabbit and cat, which show that slowing of contraction can be achieved by low-frequency activity of similar duration. Thus it may be that there is a species difference regarding the readiness with which the transformation of fast to slow muscles can be brought about. PMID- 6214766 TI - Factors in a woman's decision to undergo genetic amniocentesis for advanced maternal age. PMID- 6214767 TI - Clinical forum. 9. Mental subnormality. PMID- 6214768 TI - [Giant bilateral diaphragmatic hernia caused by surgical trauma]. PMID- 6214769 TI - Identification and characterization of the BCG cell wall-stimulated suppressor cells in inbred rats. AB - In vitro experiments were undertaken to investigate the effect of intraperitoneal (i.p.) inoculation of BCG cell walls attached to oil droplets (BCGcw) on mitogenic and alloantigenic responses of spleen and bone marrow cells. These in vitro studies demonstrated that: (1) spleen cells from BCGcw-immunized ACI rats had decreased responsiveness to Concanavalin A (Con A) and to alloantigenic stimulation, (2) depressed Con A reactivity could also be induced in Buffalo rat spleen cells by the i.p. inoculation of BCGcw, (3) normal ACI rats had suppressor cells in their bone marrow but not in their spleens, (4) BCGcw-immunized ACI rats demonstrated an increase in the suppressive activity of their bone marrow as early as 1 day after inoculation of BCGcw, while suppressor activity was found in the spleen as early as 2 days after BCGcw inoculation, (5) characterization of the BCGcw-induced splenic suppressor cell demonstrated it to be adherent to plastic or nylon wool, radiation-resistant, and removed by treatment with carbonyl iron. These properties were consistent with the identification of the suppressor cell as a macrophage, (6) the Con A and mixed lymphocyte reactivities of normal spleen cells could be suppressed by the addition of the adherent spleen cell population from BCGcw-immunized ACI rats, and (7) the adherent suppressor cells from BCGcw-immunized rats suppressed Con A reactivity across a major histocompatability barrier. PMID- 6214770 TI - Atrioventricular canal ventricular septal defect with cleft mitral valve. Angiographic and echocardiographic features. AB - A rare form of endocardial cushion defect is an atrioventricular (AV) canal-type ventricular septal defect with cleft mitral valve in the absence of a primum atrial septal defect. In two infants with Down's syndrome, preoperative delineation of this entity was accomplished. M-mode echocardiographic features included presence of two distinct AV valves, attachment of the anterior portion of the anterior leaflet of the mitral valve to the interventricular septum, and normal septal motion. Two-dimensional echocardiography demonstrated the intact atrial septum, ventricular septal defect, presence of two distinct AV valves, and the cleft mitral valve. Angled (axial) cineangiography was employed to delineate the AV valve morphological characteristics, position of ventricular septal defect, and absence of a primum atrial septal defect. Since the surgical approach to this lesion is different from other forms of endocardial cushion defects and specific problems related to AV valve morphology may be encountered, the preoperative diagnosis of this entity is important. PMID- 6214771 TI - Child abuse and neglect and sexual abuse. PMID- 6214772 TI - Biological investigations of technical synthetic filaments yarns. PMID- 6214773 TI - Diagnosis of depression in a general medical practice: observations on "lack of pizzazz," the "blahs," and other complaints. AB - Patients rarely admit that they are depressed, and the signs and symptoms may be subtle. We need not miss the diagnosis, however, if we listen carefully to the patient's compliants and trust our own clinical acumen. When should we refer depressed patients to a psychiatrist? When we do not have the time that the patient deserves and when the depression is severe. Of 76 patients with depression in my practice, I referred about 12% (9). Can we forget about general medicine once the diagnosis of depression is made? Emphatically not. Major physical disease was present in 75% (57) of my depressed patients, and virtually all had a potpourri of baffling physical symptoms that required careful diagnostic analysis. PMID- 6214774 TI - Benign cutaneous tumors and cysts: the importance of biopsy for proper treatment. PMID- 6214775 TI - Separation of Neurospora crassa myo-inositol-1-phosphate synthase from glucose-6 phosphate dehydrogenase by affinity chromatography. AB - The purification of Neurospora crassa myo-inositol-1-phosphate synthase (EC 5.5.1.4) was studied by affinity chromatography using the substrate (glucose-6 phosphate), the inhibitor (pyrophosphate), the coenzyme (NAD+) and the coenzyme analogues (5'AMP and Cibacron Blue F3G-A) of the enzyme as adsorbents attached to agarose gel. Myo-inositol-1-phosphate synthase could be separated completely from the contaminating substance, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.49), on Blue Sepharose CL-6B and on pyrophosphate-Sepharose. The purified enzyme had a specific activity of 16 400 U/mg. The sodium dodecyl sulfate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the 60 micrograms of this purified enzyme gave a homogenous band. The enzyme was found to be composed of four identical subunits having a molecular weight of 65 000. PMID- 6214776 TI - Tightly coupled mitochondria from human early placenta. AB - 1. A procedure for the isolation of tightly coupled mitochondria from human early placenta is described. 2. Mitochondria obtained by this method were able to oxidize Krebs cycle intermediates, pyruvate, glutamate, glutamine, palmitoyl carnitine, alpha-glycerophosphate and beta-hydroxybutyrate. 3. These mitochondria incubated in the medium containing ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid and bovine serum albumin and no added Mg2+ ions exhibited a high respiratory control and adenosine diphosphate:oxygen (ADP:O) ratios corresponding to the theoretical values for all substrates tested. Addition of Mg2+ ions markedly reduced the respiratory control index and ADP:O ratio. 4. Adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activity in the obtained mitochondrial preparation was stimulated about tenfold by Mg2+. Oligomycin inhibited Mg2+-stimulated ATPase activity by about 25 per cent, but completely inhibited this activity in the absence of Mg2+ ions. 5. It is concluded that the effect of Mg2+ ions on the respiratory control and ADP:O ratio reported in this paper is exerted mainly through the Mg/+-stimulated oligomycin-insensitive ATPase activity. PMID- 6214778 TI - [Tuberculosis of the urogenital organs as a cause of disability]. PMID- 6214777 TI - [Pathogenesis of diabetic angiopathies (a review and personal data)]. PMID- 6214779 TI - [Difficulties in diagnosing pulmonary tuberculosis in a hot climate]. PMID- 6214780 TI - [Means of improving the joint work of research institutes, departments (courses) of tuberculosis and public health organs of the RSFSR on the problem of tuberculosis]. PMID- 6214781 TI - [Climatotherapy of ocular tuberculosis]. PMID- 6214782 TI - [Work results and prospects in controlling extrapulmonary tuberculosis in the RSFSR]. PMID- 6214783 TI - Conservative integration of bacteriophage Mu DNA into pBR322 plasmid. AB - In order to clarify the first step in Mu integrative recombination, we have infected a bacterial strain harboring the plasmid pBR322 and isolated Mu DNA in a supercoiled form associated with this plasmid. These structures show an association of Mu with PBR322 without any preliminary replication. PMID- 6214784 TI - Concerning 1e- transfer in reduction by dihydronicotinamide: reaction of oxidized flavin and flavin radical with N-benzyl-1,5-dihydronicotinamide. AB - The rates of reaction of 5-ethyl-3-methyllumiflavinium perchlorate and 5-ethyl-3 methyllumiflavinyl radical with a NADH analogue, N-benzyl-1,4 dihydronicotinamide, were measured anaerobically in tert-butanol and 5% acetonitrile/95% tert-butanol solutions at 30 degrees C. The biphasic kinetics observed for the reaction of flavin radical with dihydronicotinamide were interpreted in terms of both a 1e- and a 2e- mechanism; the former was found to be inadequate based on experimental requirements of the mechanism. The dihydronicotinamide reacts preferentially with oxidized flavin rather than flavin radical, even when the concentration of oxidized flavin is at a concentration 5 orders of magnitude less than that of radical. These studies show that the "hydride" reduction of oxidized flavin by BNAH is more facile than is the 1e- reduction of flavin radical by BNAH. PMID- 6214785 TI - Synexin facilitates fusion of specific phospholipid membranes at divalent cation concentrations found intracellularly. AB - The effect of synexin (an adrenal medullary protein) on the kinetics of Ca2+- and Mg2+-mediated membrane fusion was examined. Membrane fusion was studied by monitoring intermixing of the aqueous contents of phospholipid vesicles. Synexin facilitated Ca2+-mediated, but not Mg2+-mediated, fusion of phosphatidate/phosphatidylethanolamine (1:3) and phosphatidate/phosphatidylserine/phosphatidylethanolamine/cholesterol (1:2:3:2) vesicles. The threshold concentration of Ca2+ for fusion was decreased to approximately equal to 10 microM in the presence of synexin at 6 micrograms/ml and 1.5 mM Mg2+ in vesicle suspensions containing 50 microM lipid. This effect of synexin was drastically inhibited by including 25% phosphatidylcholine (mol/mol) in the vesicle membrane. It is proposed that the Ca2+-dependent lipid-specific enhancement of membrane fusion by synexin contributes to an increase in the sensitivity of specific intracellular membranes to Ca2+ with respect to fusion. PMID- 6214786 TI - Pigment particle translocation in detergent-permeabilized melanophores of Fundulus heteroclitus. AB - Melanophore preparations of Fundulus heteroclitus that have been treated with the detergent Brij 58 can aggregate their pigment in response to epinephrine. On the basis of several criteria, it appears that cell lysis occurs under the detergent conditions used. Electron microscopic examination of detergent-treated cells shows progressive disruption of the melanophore plasma membrane during the time in which pigment aggregation occurs. Brij-treated cells are accessible to ferritin, a large electron-dense probe that is effectively excluded from non detergent-treated controls. In cells incubated with detergent, fixed, and treated first with rat monoclonal antibodies against tubulin and then with fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled goat anti-rat IgG, a characteristic radical pattern of microtubule staining can be visualized by fluorescence microscopy. Control preparations treated similarly, but without detergent, do not stain. Vanadate, an inhibitor of ciliary and flagellar dynein ATPase, blocks melanosome aggregation in response to epinephrine in detergent-treated preparations but has no effect on intact melanophores. erythro-9-[3-(2-hydroxynonyl)]Adenine, another inhibitor of dynein ATPase, also inhibits pigment aggregation in Fundulus melanophores. The possibility that a dynein-like molecule plays a role in pigment aggregation is discussed. PMID- 6214787 TI - Protease La from Escherichia coli hydrolyzes ATP and proteins in a linked fashion. AB - The energy requirement for protein breakdown in Escherichia coli results from an ATP requirement for the function of protease La, the product of the lon gene. This novel serine protease contains an ATPase activity that is essential for proteolysis. ATP and protein hydrolysis show the same Km for ATP (30-40 muM) and are affected similarly by various inhibitors, activators, and ATP analogs. Vanadate inhibited ATP cleavage and caused a proportionate reduction in casein hydrolysis, and inhibitors of serine proteases reduced ATP cleavage. Thus, ATP and protein hydrolysis appear to be linked stoichiometrically. Furthermore, ATP hydrolysis is stimulated two- to threefold by polypeptides that are substrates for the protease (casein, glucagon) but not by nonhydrolyzed polypeptides (insulin, RNase). Unlike hemoglobin or native albumin, globin and denatured albumin stimulated ATP hydrolysis and were substrates for proteolysis. It is suggested that the stimulation of ATP hydrolysis by potential substrates triggers activation of the proteolytic function. PMID- 6214789 TI - Cloning and mapping of a gene for translational initiation factor IF2 in Escherichia coli. AB - A novel method, not relying on genetic complementation of a mutation, was used to clone a gene for translational initiation factor IF2. Two clones from a cosmid library of total Escherichia coli DNA were isolated for their ability to overproduce IF2 in vivo as determined by quantitative immunoblotting. "Maxicell" analysis of cosmid-encoded proteins and specific immune precipitation of the labeled proteins showed that the structural gene for IF2 (inf B) had been cloned. Subcloning fragments from the original cosmids located the inf B gene to a 4.8 kilobase pair HindIII/BamHI fragment. This fragment has been inserted into an integration-deficient recombinant lambda phage that lysogenizes by homology. By mapping the point of lysogenization on the E. coli chromosome, inf B has been located at 68 min, very close to argG, nusA, rpsO, and pnp. Because the gene for initiation factor IF3 is located at 38 min on the chromosome, the genes for translational initiation factors are not grouped together. PMID- 6214788 TI - Regulation of expression of the Escherichia coli dnaG gene and amplification of the dnaG primase. AB - We have isolated lambda transducing phages carrying the Escherichia coli primase gene (dnaG) and mapped restriction sites in the cloned bacterial DNA segments. Several different DNA fragments containing the dnaG gene were inserted into multicopy plasmids. An analysis of the primase levels in cells harboring such plasmids indicates that sequences far upstream from the dnaG gene are required for optimal primase expression. Using this knowledge, we constructed a plasmid with a thermoinducible copy-number, pRLM61, which was employed to amplify intracellular primase levels approximately 100-fold. The dnaG gene is transcribed clockwise with respect to the E. coli genetic map, and a HindIII site located 180 base pairs upstream from the dnaG gene separates the gene from its primary promoter. An apparent transcription termination signal is positioned 30-70 base pairs in front of the primase gene. Transcription proceeds past this strong terminator only when RNA polymerase has first transcribed the bacterial DNA segment proximal to the HindIII site. We suggest that primase expression in E. coli is positively regulated by a mechanism of transcription antitermination mediated by a bacterial factor. We propose, furthermore, that the neighboring structural genes for primase and for the sigma subunit of RNA polymerase are coordinately regulated as part of an operon. This arrangement may enable the bacterial cell to readily control the level of initiation of DNA and RNA synthesis and thus to respond quickly and efficiently to changing conditions. PMID- 6214790 TI - Release of soluble immune complexes from immune adherence receptors on human erythrocytes is mediated by C3b inactivator independently of Beta 1H and is accompanied by generation of C3c. AB - Antigen.antibody complexes (Ag.Ab) prepared from (125)I-labeled bovine serum albumin and guinea pig anti-albumin were incubated at 37 degrees C for 30 min with normal human serum diluted optimally for binding (1:16) and then with autologous erythrocytes (RBC). After washing, RBC-bearing antigen.antibody.complement complexes (Ag.Ab.C) were resuspended in serum reagents or solutions of purified complement components, and the kinetics of dissociation were analyzed. Ag.Ab.C dissociated in serum heated at 56 degrees C for 30 min (SDelta30) but not in serum heated for 120 min (SDelta120). Dissociation in SDelta30 markedly decreased after adsorption with anti-C3b inactivator but not anti-beta1H or anti-C4 binding protein (C4bp), and dissociation in SDelta120 markedly increased after addition of C3b inactivator. Hemolytic assays revealed that SDelta30 retained inactivator activity whereas SDelta120 lacked significant activity. Ag.Ab.C dissociated in the presence of purified inactivator or C3b but not beta1H or C3. Dissociation was more rapid with inactivator than with C3b and occurred at 0 degrees C as well as at 37 degrees C. Treatment with inactivator inhibitor abolished dissociation in SDelta30; dissociation in inactivator deficient serum was markedly reduced. Addition of beta1H did not enhance inactivator-mediated dissociation at limiting dilutions of inactivator, and adsorption of Ag.Ab.C with anti-beta1H or preparation of Ag.Ab.C with serum adsorbed with anti-beta1H did not diminish dissociation. After dissociation with inactivator, Ag.Ab.C were unchanged in size but were no longer able to bind to fresh RBC and gave enhanced binding to Raji and Daudi lymphoblastoid cells. NaDodSO(4)/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of Ag.Ab.C prepared with (125)I-labeled C3 revealed that, after binding to RBC, dissociation with inactivator was accompanied by generation of a C3 fragment the size of C3c. Preincubation of Ag.Ab.C with excess inactivator did not prevent subsequent binding of Ag.Ab.C to RBC but, immediately after binding, Ag.Ab.C dissociated rapidly. These findings indicate that C3b inactivator can release immune complexes from immune adherence receptors on human RBC, that release occurs independently of beta1H, alters cell binding properties of immune complexes, and involves multiple cleavages of the C3b alpha' chain, and that receptors in human RBC membrane are required for this C3b inactivator-mediated breakdown. PMID- 6214791 TI - T-cell suppression and contrasuppression induced by histamine H2 and H1 receptor agonists, respectively. AB - The intensity of Lyl+T helper and delayed type hypersensitivity effector cell activities is governed, in part, by an interplay between two classes of immunoregulatory T cells: suppressor cells and contrasuppressor cells. We asked whether histamine, at concentrations and duration of exposure that we calculated might be achieved at local sites of inflammation, could activate either or both of these classes of regulatory cells in vitro. To answer this question we used spleen cells from mice treated in vivo with the toleragen trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid as regulators of in vitro generation of primary anti-trinitrophenyl self cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Under the conditions used, these spleen cells had no major regulatory effects. However, if these cells were preincubated with histamine at 0.1 mM for 30-60 min, suppressor activity was induced, but this occurred inconsistently and with nonstoichiometric results. The use of synthetic histamine agonists revealed that histamine may activate both suppressor and contrasuppressor cell subsets. A histamine H1 receptor agonist [2-(2-pyridyl) ethylamine dihydrochloride] had a propensity to activate contrasuppression, whereas an H2 receptor agonist (dimaprit) tended to activate suppressor cells. Thus, histamine may have opposing actions that obscure suppression. This duality was shown by treatment of pyridylethylamine-induced contrasuppressor cells with complement and anti-I-J antibody that kills contrasuppressor cells. This treatment revealed a high level of suppressor cell activity that was not expressed until the opposing contrasuppressor cells were removed. Because histamine is released at local sites of delayed type hypersensitivity, these results indicate that histamine may serve as an inducer of microenvironmental immunomodulation by activating regulatory T cells at sites where immune responses are taking place. PMID- 6214792 TI - Studies on the mechanism by which diabetes alters cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum function. PMID- 6214793 TI - IgE antibody responses in vitro: from rodents to man. PMID- 6214794 TI - Regulation of the IgE antibody response by idiotype-anti-idiotype network. PMID- 6214795 TI - IgE and IgG2a isotypes in the rat. PMID- 6214796 TI - Mouse IgE. PMID- 6214797 TI - Physiological basis for human in vitro fertilization. PMID- 6214798 TI - Enzyme replacement in feline GM2 gangliosidosis: catabolic effects of human beta hexosaminidase A. PMID- 6214799 TI - Inhibitors and stimulators of glucocerebroside metabolism. PMID- 6214800 TI - Suppression of antigen-specific blastogenesis: apparent lack of a role for prostaglandins in the suppression of antigen responsive cells by educated suppressor cells. PMID- 6214801 TI - [Synthetic inhibitors of serine proteinases. 28. The inhibitory effect of esters of N-alpha-arylsulfonyl-4-amidinophenylalanine against trypsin, plasmin and thrombin]. PMID- 6214802 TI - Salem witchcraft: a biopsychosocial analysis. PMID- 6214803 TI - Changes in the structure of the rat hippocampus after prolonged postnatal hypoxia. AB - The authors compare the structure of the pyramidal neurones in the CA1 region of the hippocampus in rats repeatedly exposed to aerogenic hypoxia from birth to the age of 17 days and in control animals. In preparations from 18-day-old animals impregnated by the Colgi-Cox method the length of the dendrites and the density of the spines were quantitatively evaluated together with the shape of the spines at various segments of the dendritic tree. After hypoxia the number of dendritic fibres compared with the controls was smaller in the region of the basal dendrites (P less than 0.01) and in the preterminal and terminal branches of the apical dendrites (P less than 0.05). Spine density after hypoxia was lower than in the controls on the basal dendrites (P less than 0.01) and, except for the terminal part, on the apical dendrites (P less than 0.01). The dendritic spines of experimental animals were found to be short, club-shaped and thick, while in the controls they were long, thin and sometimes branched. Prolonged postnatal hypoxia discernibly interfered with the process of formation of the microstructure of the hippocampus. Uneven restriction of the receptive field of the neurones and the suggested alteration in the transmitting characteristics of the spines might be the cause of some of the functional changes previously described in animals after hypoxia. PMID- 6214804 TI - Penicillin activates spontaneous motility in chick embryos. AB - The development of the motor reaction to i.v. injection of the sodium salt of penicillin G in a dose of 0.9 x 10(6) I.U./kg egg weight was studied in chick embryos (normal and spinal) from the 11th to the 19th day of incubation. Penicillin first caused standard activation of embryonal motility from the 15th day of incubation, in both normal and spinal embryos. Activation was at first continuous in character (a twofold increase in the frequency of spontaneous movements). In 17- and particularly in 19-day embryos a typical paroxysmal reaction developed, with pronounced intervals of motor rest. The proportion of the spinal component in the penicillin reaction was abut 40% and of the supraspinal component about 60% of total motor activity. In older embryos (after the 15th day of incubation), the motor reaction to penicillin could be effectively modified by the systemic administration of glycine and GABA. It is concluded from the results that penicillin does not activate embryonal motor activity until a given stage of development of the CNS has been attained. It is a developmental phenomenon with a spinal and a supraspinal component, in which central inhibitory mechanisms participate. PMID- 6214805 TI - Ultrastructural changes in cortical synapses shortly after termination of a seizure during kindling. AB - Repeated electrical stimulation of the sensorimotor region of the rat cerebral cortex at 10-min intervals led to progressive lengthening of the self-sustained after-discharges (SSAD). 50-60 s after termination of the third SSAD we examined, in the electron microscope, type I synapses (after Gray) in the second cortical layer of the sensorimotor region of the contralateral hemisphere. In the experimental animals we demonstrated swelling of both the pre- and post-synaptic elements, a decrease in the number of agranular synaptic vesicles and variability of their shape and size. Frequent manifestations of exo- and endocytic activity and a frequent incidence of complex vesicles have been described. Saccular dilatation of the space between the outer and inner mitochondrial membrane in the presynaptic terminal and dilatation of the terminal cisternae and extracellular space occurred. Alteration of the spine apparatus was observed in the postsynaptic elements. At the margin of the active zone we described simultaneous invagination of the pre- and postsynaptic membrane up to the formation of rounded structures with two concentric membranes. The changes in the synapses are conceived as signs of exhaustion due to the previous epileptic seizure, which on the other hand, activated the restitution mechanisms of the structure of the synaptic apparatus. PMID- 6214806 TI - Postnatal development of electrophysiological manifestations of the working ventricular myocardium of albino rats. AB - To elucidate the postnatal development of electrogenesis in the rat ventricular myocardium, we investigated specimens of the right ventricles of rats of different ages (newborn, 2 days, 5 days, 10 days and adult) by means of glass microelectrodes and a programmable stimulator. The resting membrane potential rose from -82 mV (newborn) to -89.6 mV (adult). During the first 10 postnatal days the plateau phase of the action potential (AP) shortened from 46 ms to 16 ms; in adulthood its duration was 9.6 ms. An increase in the stimulation frequency from 2 Hz to 10 Hz led to pronounced shortening of the myocardial AP of newborn and 2-day-old rats; with advancing age the influence of a mounting frequency diminished and the myocardium of adult rats was frequency-insensitive. The first AP evoked after a rest interval in the myocardium of newborn animals was prolonged proportionally to the logarithm of the duration of the interval; the AP of adult rats was unaffected by the length of the interval. During the rest interval diastolic depolarization appeared on the myocardium of newborn rats; with advancing age it slowed down and the decrease in membrane voltage was smaller. In the adult rats myocardium there was no diastolic depolarization. PMID- 6214807 TI - The capacity of insect flight muscle for the intracellular transport of phospholipids. AB - The postmitochondrial supernatant of the homogenate of metathoracic musculature of Periplaneta americana was found to mediate the transfer of labelled phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylinositol from the rat liver microsomal fraction to unlabelled rat liver mitochondria at 25 degrees C; no transfer occurred at 0 degrees C. The transfer of phosphatidylethanolamine by the insect muscle extract could not be demonstrated conclusively. The transfer activity per mg protein of the supernatant fraction of cockroach muscle was comparable to that found in rat liver supernatant; there was little difference between cockroaches immediately after last ecdysis and those one month older. The transfer in insect muscle organelles could not be demonstrated because of strong cross-contamination of fractions after separation from the incubation medium. PMID- 6214808 TI - Effect of insulin and 2-deoxy-d-glucose on the food intake of infant rats. AB - The effects of glucoprivation on the food intake have been determined in infant rats up to weaning. It was found that insulin reduced the milk intake of 9, 13 and 17-day-old males and females for three hours after treatment. In 24-day-old pups food intake increased for three hours after insulin administration, and decreased during the next 21-hour period. 2-deoxy-D-glucose increased the food intake in 28-day-old rat pups only. It was concluded that the inability of rat pups to correct glucoprivation by a subsequent increase of food intake is a consequence of the inadequate development of hypothalamic regulatory mechanisms. Glucoprivation stimuli are ineffective inducers of short-term hyperphagia of rat pups until the age of 24-28 days. PMID- 6214809 TI - Ouabain-insensitive mechanism of cell volume maintenance in the carp kidney. AB - 1) An ouabain-insensitive mechanism of cell volume maintenance, similar to that operating in the kidney tissue of mammals and in epithelial cells of the frog urinary bladder, has been demonstrated in the kidney tissue of carp (Cyprinus carpio)--there is no significant swelling even after 4-hour incubation with 10( 4) mol/l-1 ouabain. 2) The mechanism is not affected by 2-hour incubation with sodium in the saline replaced with tris or choline and, unlike in rabbit kidney cortex, cannot be inhibited by alkaline pH. 3) Neither a contractile mechanism sensitive to cytochalasin B, nor transport of divalent cations could be shown to be involved in this ouabain-insensitive cell volume maintenance in the carp kidney tissue. PMID- 6214810 TI - The role played by hormonal factors in the rapid activation of liver glycogen phosphorylase in traumatized rats. AB - In adult male SPF rats anaesthetized with pentobarbital and subjected to traumatization in revolving Noble-Collip drums for 2 min (= 120 revolutions) maximal increases of liver glycogen phosphorylase activity were observed. In experiments on rats with permanent arterial catheters for blood sampling no posttraumatic increase of plasma norepinephrine and an only slight increase of plasma epinephrine was observed if the animals were traumatized under anaesthesia, in contrast to the considerable increases in the plasma level of both hormones in rats subjected to the injury without anaesthesia. Time and extent of the phosphorylase response of anaesthetized rats after trauma were compared with changes in enzyme activity after i.v. administration of exogenous epinephrine or glucagon. A nearly maximal response after 1 microgram kg-1 epinephrine was present within 1 min, whereas after 0.1 micrograms kg-1 of glucagon there was comparable phosphorylase activation 2 min after administration of the hormone. The plasma renin-angiotensin activity was not increased after injury for 2 min under anaesthesia so that only the increase in plasma vasopressin fitted in with the criteria for possible activators of phosphorylase. An additional role of glucagon also cannot be excluded on the basis of data obtained by the present authors. The increase of phosphorylase activity in this type of stress is ensured by several mechanisms. Moreover, the high effectivity of these hormonal factors in evoking the phosphorylase response even without major activation of the sympathicoadrenal system is underlined. PMID- 6214812 TI - [Sacrodynia patients]. PMID- 6214811 TI - Acute and chronic vitamin C deficiency in guinea-pigs: its effect on ceruloplasmin and cytochrome P 450 and b5 levels. AB - Serum and liver ceruloplasmin levels rose markedly in guinea pigs with acute scurvy and with chronic latent scurvy. Their increase in the former condition can be attributed to the general stress reaction, but the increase in ceruloplasmin levels in concentration may have a stimulant effect on the ceruloplasmin, when the oxidation of Fe2+ to Fe3+ is potentiated, may obstruct the binding of iron to protoporphyrin and prevent formation of the haeme of cytochrome P 450 and b5. PMID- 6214813 TI - Nutrition services for the handicapped child. PMID- 6214814 TI - The caudal view for evaluating pelvic abnormality in bone images. PMID- 6214815 TI - [Treatment of rhinophyma with the combined use of tissue section and dermabrasion]. PMID- 6214817 TI - [Treatment of chronic post-traumatic infections of the locomotor apparatus with methyl-polymethacrylate pearls containing gentamicin]. AB - A new efficient method is presented based on the surgical cure of the infectious focus and the introductions of strings of methyl-polimetacrylate beads containing gentamycin. The method was demonstrated to be far superior when compared with both general antibiotherapy, and local antibiotherapy with antibiotic powder or with instillations of antibiotic solutions. The failures of this new treatment represented only 24.5% of all cases. The presence of gentamycin-containing beads in the infection focus provides constant and prolonged delivery of the antibiotic in highly bactericidal concentration. PMID- 6214816 TI - [Prophylactic studies in industry and the detection of skin diseases]. PMID- 6214818 TI - [Colectomy in complicated cancers of the colon]. PMID- 6214819 TI - [Hepatic tuberculosis; difficulties of diagnosis and therapeutic management]. AB - Micro, and/or macro-nodular lesions are frequently encountered in the liver in the course of the tuberculous disease, especially during primary dissemination, as well as during the secondary one. In some cases the evolution of liver tuberculous lesions will determine hepato-biliary symptomatology (hepatomegaly, icteric cholangitis) which makes necessary exploratory laparotomy. The authors present their experience in connection with 2 patients presenting liver tuberculous localizations during the primary dissemination. In one of the patients there were also active pulmonary lesions, while in the other one there were no manifest tuberculous determinations. PMID- 6214820 TI - [Oddi's sphincterotomy or sphincteroplasty. Considerations on the results obtained with a personal sphincteroplasty technic]. AB - A total of 21 cases are presented, of patients in whom Oddian sphincteroplasty was performed, according to an original technique. In 19 cases the indication was due to Oddian stenosis associated to lithiasis or hepatic hydatic cysts which had ruptured in the biliary pathways. In two other cases security sphincteroplasty of the Oddi sphincter was performed for lithiasis of the choledocus. The decision was based on macroscopic changes of the biliary pathways, on the control of the main biliary pathway. Sphincteroplasty was achieved with the aid of an original probe, and the incision of the ampullary area was in the average 25 mm in length. The postoperative control, made by tube cholangiography and barium examination, has evidenced the presence of a wide, open choledocoduodenal orifice. Duodenal fistula was one of the complications which followed duodenostomy. This however was fully repaired in 14 days after conservative treatment. After a confrontation of the results achieved with this method, and the data published in the literature the authors support oddian sphincteroplasty, and stress its advantages by comparison with the results provided by sphincterotomy. PMID- 6214821 TI - [Preoperative irradiation with high doses, for a short period, in bladder cancer]. PMID- 6214822 TI - [Sarcoidosis with giant splenomegaly. Considerations on a treated case]. PMID- 6214823 TI - [New metallic support for preparation and testing of the imperviousness of venous or mixed grafts]. AB - A metallic support is proposed, which can be adjusted, equipped with tow lateral grooves in which two sliding devices can be introduced. These are equipped in their turn with two small blades at their upper end, between which the ends of the ven can be clamped. The vein is already intubated at one of its ends on a polyethylene tubing through which pressure is exerted aimed at dilating the graft, as well as for testing its imperviousness. In this way two veins can be coupled longitudinally, or they can be sutured end to end for increasing the length of a venous graft with a prosthesis. The opening which may exist can be detected with the aid of the hydraulic pressure exerted, and can be rapidly corrected. PMID- 6214824 TI - [Methods of surgical treatment of some hydatid cysts of the hepatic convexities with pleuropulmonary repercussions]. PMID- 6214825 TI - [Changes in mucopolysaccharides and ultrastructural alterations in experimental atheromatosis]. PMID- 6214826 TI - Differences in histamine H1 and H2 receptor responses in several rabbit arteries. AB - Responses of helically cut segments from six different rabbit arteries to the selective histamine H1 receptor agonist 2-pyridylethylamine (PEA) and, in strips contracted by 10-4 M phenylephrine, to the selective histamine H2 agonist dimaprit have been determined. 10-3 M PEA contracted the renal artery, 96 +/- 2%; mesenteric artery, 92 +/- 2%; coeliac artery, 88 +/- 11% aorta 75 +/- 4%' ear artery 64 +/- 10% and pulmonary artery 48 +/- 5% of the maximal contraction to norepinephrine. 10-3 M dimaprit relaxed the phenylephrine contracted ear artery 48 +/- 8%; renal artery, 43 +/- 8%; coeliac artery 41 +/- 8%; mesenteric artery 36 +/- 5%; aorta 16 +/- 3%; and pulmonary artery 11 +/- 1% of the initial contractile tension. Strips in which histamine H1 receptors are blocked by 7 X 10 6 M mepyramine which are contracted by phenylephrine are partially relaxed by histamine. Cooling these strips markedly enhanced relaxations of the mesenteric and coeliac arteries but not those of the other four vessels. Exposure of the strips to dibenamine potentiated relaxations of all of the arteries except the ear artery and pulmonary artery. Thus there is heterogeneity among the arteries in their responses to histamine H1 and H2 receptor activation. PMID- 6214827 TI - Successful treatment of streptozotocin diabetes of the rat by transplantation of the islets from a single donor pancreas. AB - A new digestion chamber was developed which made it possible to isolate 500 islets from the pancreas of one adult rat. The mesh chamber enabled us to remove islets out of the collagenase solution as soon as they are separated from pancreatic tissue. The islet injury due to collagenase was diminished, and the time of warm ischemia during digestion was considerably reduced. With this method it was possible to treat the diabetes successfully in eight of 14 rats. The condition of the remaining six rats was considerably improved, and no animal died due to diabetes during 90 days of surveillance as compared to a 50% death rate in the diabetic control group. A cataract did not occur in any transplanted rat, whereas it was observed in all surviving animals of the diabetic control group. If the complete separation of endocrine and exocrine tissue in a density gradient was abandoned the transplantation results improved significantly. PMID- 6214828 TI - [Autoaggressive conduct]. PMID- 6214829 TI - [Acupuncture, a specialty or a method?]. PMID- 6214830 TI - [Characteristics of hysterical psychoses]. PMID- 6214831 TI - [Epidemiology of psychiatric emergencies]. PMID- 6214832 TI - [Considerations on 810 cases of cerebral abscess]. PMID- 6214833 TI - [Current status of diagnosis and treatment of primary intra-cerebral hematoma]. PMID- 6214834 TI - [A case of osteopetrosis (Albers-Schonberg disease)]. PMID- 6214835 TI - [Therapeutic value and future perspectives of ex vivo immunoadsorption technics]. PMID- 6214836 TI - Sociocultural factors in the control and prevention of parasitic diseases. AB - Control and prevention of parasitic disease depends on an adequate knowledge of interactions among factors such as human behavior, the environment, and the life cycles of parasites. Sociocultural factors in large part determine transmission and persistence of parasites. The main determinants are poverty, low educational level, deficiencies in home technologies, high demographic density, and ruralism. Selected interventions designed to improve any of these situations may fail if they are applied in an isolated manner. The holistic implementation of interventions has proved successful in the control and prevention of parasitic infections in several parts of the word. The implementation of several kinds of interventions simultaneously, that is, a holistic approach, combined with an awareness of a society's infrastructure, can produce favorable results. For such an awareness--when it provokes action--can improve the overall quality of life. PMID- 6214837 TI - Molecular properties of membrane lipids and activity of a membrane adenosine triphosphatase from Acholeplasma laidlawii B. AB - The effects of membrane lipid fluidity and phase state on enzyme activity were evaluated by careful analysis of Arrhenius plots of the Na+, Mg2+-dependent adenosine triphosphatase (referred to hereafter as ATPase) from Acholeplasma laidlawii B membranes and differential thermal analysis of the membrane lipid phase transitions. Arrhenius plots of the ATPase activity in membranes containing only liquid-crystalline lipids are gently curved and have the same form regardless of the membrane fatty liver composition. The absolute ATPase activity at temperatures well above the lipid phase transition temperature varies in a complex fashion with fatty acid composition. As the membrane enters its lipid phase transition, ATPase activity begins to fall off more rapidly than it does above the transition. Quantitative analysis of the results suggests that ATPase is reversibly inactivated when its vicinal lipids undergo a transition to a state of reduced plasticity at low temperatures. This transition is driven by the conversion of the bulk membrane lipid phase to the gel state, but it is less cooperative and occurs at lower temperatures than the bulk lipid transition. The results suggest that the familial "biphasic linear" Arrhenius plots reported for many membrane enzymes and transport systems may, in fact, have more complex shapes, analysis of which can furnish useful information about the behavior of the enzyme molecule or transport system in its membrane environment. PMID- 6214838 TI - [Deposition of immune complexes in experimental Chagas' disease]. PMID- 6214839 TI - [Vascular endothelial and peripheral nerve antibodies in chronic Chagas' infection. Study of patients with different clinical forms]. PMID- 6214840 TI - Effect of age on the heart electrical phenomena, left ventricular wall thickness and blood pressure in men. AB - The effect of age on the maximal spatial QRS vector (MSQRSV) in the Frank lead system was correlated with th posterior left ventricular wall thickness (PLVWT), the interventricular septum thickness (IVST) determined by echocardiography, and with blood pressure in 300 normal men, distributed by age groups (20-29, 30-39, 40-60). With advancing age, a significant decrease of MSQRSV accompanied by a significant increase of PLVWT was observed while the increase of IVST and of blood pressures with age were found non significant. It was concluded that: 1. blood pressure is not the sole determinant of hypertrophy; 2. myocardial hypertrophy is not the sole determinant of cardiac voltage increase; 3. there is some degree of myocardial sclerosis in healthy people aged over 40-60 years; 4. in left ventricular hypertrophy the left ventricular muscular mass cannot be accurately predicted from the heart electrical phenomena; 5. the results obtained were in agreement with those of authors describing different aspects of normal Frank ECG and vectorcardiogram (VCG) in subjects under and over 40-50 years of age; 6. the variability of the degree of age influence on normal ECG from one country to another could explain the different diagnostic criteria for the same cardiac disease in computerized programs. PMID- 6214841 TI - Inhibitory effects of T cells on in vitro granulopoiesis, erythropoiesis, and immunoglobulin production in patients with aplastic anaemia. AB - Coculture with mononuclear cells from aplastic anaemia (AA) patients and normal bone marrow cells produced different responses among 10 patients studied. In 4 cases, CFU-E growth was inhibited while in another 2 cases CFU-C growth was inhibited. To determine the suppressive effects of mononuclear cells from 6 AA patients, mononuclear cells were separated into T cells, B cells, and monocytes. It was found that T cells from 6 AA patients exhibited suppressive effects on normal CFU-C or CFU-E growth, whereas T cells from normal subjects enhanced the colony formation of CFU-C and CFU-E. On the other hand, monocytes fom 6 AA patients and normal subjects strongly suppressed normal CFU-C and CFU-E growth, although no significant difference was observed in both groups. The immune system in 10 AA patients was evaluated, 3 AA patients (Cases No. 1, 6, 8) exhibited an increase in Tr cells, impairment of PHA responsiveness, and low level of immunoglobulin. T cells from these patients showed a significant suppressive effect on PWM-induced differentiation of allogenic normal B cells. Thus, T cells from 3 out of 10 AA patients exhibited suppressor activities on both haematopoietic cell differentiation and B cell differentiation into plasma cells in vitro. PMID- 6214842 TI - T cells in monoclonal gammopathies. AB - Subpopulations of human T lymphocytes were analysed by monoclonal antibodies (OKT3, OKT4, OKT8) in healthy controls and in patients with multiple myeloma (MM), Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia (WM) and benign monoclonal gammopathy (BMG). Lymphocytes forming rosettes with SRBC correlated well with T cells staining in indirect immunofluorescence by OKT3 monoclonal antibodies. The relative and absolute numbers of OKT4+ T cells were significantly lower in patients than in controls. Though, the percentage of OKT8+ T cells was increased in patients, the total OKT8+ cell counts were normal in all patient groups. The ratio between OKT4+ and OKT8+ lymphocytes was low in the groups of treated MM and of WM patients compared to controls (P less than 0.001). Moreover, the ratio was lower than the normal range in 27% of BMG and 38% of untreated MM patients. The imbalance between OKT4+ and OKT8+ T cells in untreated MM was more pronounced in clinical stage III patients than in stage I and II patients. The most pronounced changes were noted in treated MM patients. The significance of the altered T cell subsets in monoclonal gammopathies with regard to polyclonal and tumor B cell regulation remains to be established. PMID- 6214843 TI - The effect of C4 on C1 binding and activation. AB - Cell-bound human C4 enhances the uptake of C1 by immunoglobulin-carrying cells. The effect is more pronounced with small amounts of IgG than with large amounts. Furthermore, the presence of C4 on the cell surface dramatically promotes the enzymatic effect of C1 on C2. The C1 binding is efficiently blocked, and the C1 activation is almost abolished by pretreating IgG-bearing cells with protein A from Staphylococcus aureus. In contrast, protein A has no effect on cells carrying C4 in addition to IgG. Protein A added in small amounts to IgG-coated sheep erythrocytes inhibits the haemolysis by subsequently added human serum, whereas even larger amounts of protein A has no effect when added to cells carrying C4 as well. Cells with and without C4 take up protein A equally well. PMID- 6214844 TI - Two distinct Fc receptors for IgG on human peripheral T lymphocytes. AB - The proportion of human peripheral T lymphocytes forming rosettes with IgG-coated ox erythrocytes (ORBC) is increased after controlled hypotonic treatment. This increment may be as high as 40% of total T cells, depending on the lymphocyte donor. Such treatment is shown not to result in selective cell loss. Induced rosetting is mediated by a receptor specific for the Fc portion of human IgG (Fc gamma R). Inhibition of induced Fc gamma R activity is equally well accomplished by monomeric and by aggregated IgG of defined size. This is in contrast to the Fc gamma R detected before hypotonic treatment, which is not significantly inhibited by monomeric IgG. Capping studies established the structural independence of these two types of Fc gamma R in the lymphocyte membrane by virtue of selective cross-linking of either receptor while leaving the respective counterpart unaffected. The biochemical basis of the hypotonic effect is not yet resolved. However, the data presented suggest that hypotonicity results in removal of Fc gamma R-bound cytophilic IgG. Operationally, we propose the term induced Fc gamma R (Fc gamma R-I) for the here-described new type of receptor with high affinity for monomeric IgG.Fc gamma R that are directly assayable without hypotonic induction and not inhibited by monomeric IgG are termed free Fc gamma R (Fc gamma R-F). PMID- 6214845 TI - Role of the Ek molecule in the generation of suppressor T cells in response to LDHB. AB - The role of the Ek (E alpha kE beta k) molecule in the generation of suppressor T (Ts) cells specific for lactate dehydrogenase B (LDHB) was studied using different approaches. First, lymph node cells from LDHB-primed B10.A(2R) (AkEk) nonresponder mice were shown to suppress the LDHB-specific and Ak-restricted proliferative response of T cells from the congenic responder strain B10.A(4R), which does not express E molecules (AkEo). Similarly, lymph node cells from primed CBA (AkEk) mice suppressed the anti-LDHB response of Lyt-1+Lyt-2-T cells (depleted of Lyt-2-bearing Ts cells) from the same mice. Second, in vitro priming of 2R (AkEk) T cells with LDHB-pulsed 4R (AkEo) antigen-presenting cells (APC) generated T-cell proliferation but not suppression. Third, nonresponder 2R mice were turned into responders by injecting them with LDHB-pulsed 4R APC or monoclonal Ia.m7 antibody that blocks the Ek molecule. The data demonstrate that expression of Ek molecules by the APC is necessary to generate LDHB-specific Ts cells, which in turn prevent the proliferation of Lyt-1+Lyt-2- (probably helper) cells recognizing the same antigen in the context of the Ak molecule. PMID- 6214846 TI - Autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction in man. V. Functionally and phenotypically distinct human T-cell subpopulations respond to non-T and activated T cells in AMLR. PMID- 6214847 TI - Lymphocyte studies in rheumatoid arthritis. V. Suppressor cell function in peripheral blood. AB - Peripheral blood lymphocytes from 30 patients with rheumatoid arthritis and 14 controls were examined for suppressor activity by two different assays. These were the Concanavalin-A-induced and the short-lived suppressor cell assays. There was no difference in suppressor activity between patients and controls, the suppressor activity of HLA-DR3 positive patients was no less than that of non-DR3 patients. However, patients with nodules showed reduced suppression in the short lived suppressor cell assay when compared with patients without nodules. PMID- 6214848 TI - The abnormal fetus. PMID- 6214849 TI - Social distance from the stigmatized. A test of two theories. AB - Attribution of responsibility and disruption of social interaction are two explanations proposed in previous literature for the existence of differential social distance from individuals with various types of stigmas. This paper tests the relative merits of the theories in explaining perceived social distance that individuals in the study expressed from a wide range of stigmatized conditions representing two general stigma types: the disabled and deviants. The research is based on a sample of professionals and managers in key decision making positions. Perceived social distance was measured by a modified Bogardus Scale. Respondents expressed greater social distance from deviants such as alcoholics and drug addicts than from the disabled such as paraplegics and the blind. Little support was found for the contention that attribution of responsibility determines variations in social distance across or within the two major stigma types of disability and deviance. Rather, results suggest that differential rejection stems from the disruption a stigma causes in social interaction. PMID- 6214850 TI - Chronic back pain: does elective surgery benefit patients with evidence of psychologic disturbance? AB - Thirty-five patients with chronic low back pain responded to a follow-up survey 18 months after being discharged from the hospital. All patients had objective (MMPI) evidence of psychologic disturbance during hospitalization. Seven patients subsequently obtained additional elective back surgery; the remaining 28 did not. Follow-up data indicated that patients who had operation were less likely to return to work during this period, were less likely to have reduction in their perceived pain, and were more likely to report increased disability than were those not operated on. These data suggest that elective surgery may, in fact, be counterproductive for patients with chronic low back pain and evidence of psychologic disturbance. PMID- 6214851 TI - [Dynamics of primary disability among collective farm workers]. PMID- 6214852 TI - [Social hygiene aspects of the work capacity of the disabled living in a rural locality]. PMID- 6214853 TI - [Role of a centralized dispensary office in the organization of dispensary supervision]. PMID- 6214854 TI - [Study of the history of medicine in USSR republics]. PMID- 6214855 TI - [History of the study of the health of workers engaged in the petroleum industry in the Azerbaijani SSR in the '20s and '30s]. PMID- 6214856 TI - [60th Anniversary of the Department of Social Hygiene and Public Health Organization of the Leningrad Health and Hygiene Medical Institute]. PMID- 6214857 TI - [Diseases caused by the bite of karakurt spiders]. PMID- 6214859 TI - [Problems relating to local anesthesia for patients with systemic disease]. PMID- 6214858 TI - Captopril--an overview. AB - Captopril (Capoten; Squibb) is a specific orally active antagonist of peptidyl dipeptide carboxyhydrolase, the enzyme which converts angiotensin I to angiotensin II and which inactivates bradykinin. Captopril therefore reduces blood pressure in a variety of animal models of hypertension. In 96 studies on 1570 patients, captopril has been shown to be superior to placebo and equivalent to either propranolol or a diuretic in the treatment of essential hypertension. In the management of severe treatment-resistant hypertension, the response to captopril (alone or in combination with a diuretic and/or propranolol) was better than the response to standard triple therapy. Captopril, with digitalis and a diuretic, also improved the haemodynamic and clinical status of patients with refractory congestive heart failure. Side-effects include skin rashes (15%), proteinuria (1,1%, or 0,4% of patients with no prior renal disease) and the nephrotic syndrome (0,9%, or 0,3% of patients with no prior renal disease). Nearly all patients with the nephrotic syndrome in whom renal biopsies were performed were found to have membranous glomerulopathy. Neutropenia (total white cell count less than 1,000/microliter) was found in 33 of over 6,000 patients (0,4%), but in all cases there were other possible causes for this. Captopril is the first of an important group of antihypertensive and afterload-reducing drugs; its major indications are likely to be in the treatment of refractory severe hypertension or congestive heart failure. PMID- 6214860 TI - Access to care: the handicapped. PMID- 6214861 TI - Behavioral approaches to toothbrushing programs for handicapped adults. PMID- 6214862 TI - The special patient: challenge of the 80s. PMID- 6214863 TI - Primary operations for large defects of the abdominal wall. PMID- 6214864 TI - Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty in the treatment of unstable angina pectoris. PMID- 6214865 TI - Fractionation of plasmic fibrinogen digest on lysine-agarose. Isolation of two fragments D, fragment E and simultaneous removal of plasmin. PMID- 6214866 TI - Mouse plasma trypsin inhibitors: inhibitory spectrum of contrapsin and alpha-1 antitrypsin. AB - We have studied the effects of murine alpha-1-antitrypsin and contrapsin, a new trypsin inhibitor (Takahara, H. and Sinohara, H. (1982) J. Biol. Chem. 257, in press), on several serine proteases participating in blood clotting, fibrinolysis, kinin generation, and complement activation. Bovine plasmin and human plasma kallikrein were inactivated by contrapsin but not by alpha-1 antitrypsin, whereas bovine alpha-thrombin and porcine pancreas kallikrein were inhibited by alpha-1-antitrypsin but not by contrapsin. Heparin protected thrombin from inactivation by alpha-1-antitrypsin. Both inhibitors had virtually no effects on canine C1 esterase. PMID- 6214867 TI - Kinetic analysis of alpha-granule secretion by platelets. A methodological report. AB - A method is described for the kinetic measurement of alpha-granule secretion by platelets. The method uses formaldehyde as a secretion-blocking reagent. This treatment alters the antigenecity of beta-thromboglobulin but not of Platelet Factor 4, both measured with commercially available reagents. Evidence is shown that this formaldehyde effect does not alter the secretion kinetics when the data are expressed as a percentage of a similarly treated reference sample. The method shows that following stimulation with thrombin or A 23187 alpha-granule secretion is much slower than dense granule secretion. PMID- 6214868 TI - The in vivo release of human platelet factor 4 by heparin. AB - Intravenous and subcutaneous injection of heparin or the heparin analogue SSHA into normal volunteers induced release of platelet factor 4 (PF4) but not beta thromboglobulin (beta-TG). At low heparin doses the amount of PF4 released was related to the plasma heparin concentration achieved. The rise in plasma PF4 was coincident with, and appeared to be a response to, the increase in plasma heparin concentration rather than to the absolute heparin level. After the primary response, the system became refractory to further challenge by the same heparin dose; the full initial magnitude of the response was not regained until 144 h. after heparin was first injected. The maximum amount of PF4 released corresponded to only about 5% of that potentially available from platelets. Moreover, heparin did not stimulate PF4 release from whole blood in vitro. We have demonstrated the presence of PF4 on the vascular endothelium, and suggest that this is the immediate source of the PF4 released by heparin, though it is probably initially derived from platelets. The effect of such binding on the antithrombotic potential of the endothelial surface is discussed. PMID- 6214870 TI - [Prosthetic treatment of a handicapped patient]. PMID- 6214869 TI - The use of xylitol in the control of oral hygiene in mentally retarded children. A clinical and biochemical study. PMID- 6214871 TI - Type I Glanzmann's thrombasthenia segregates independently of Ss and Duffy systems and the A, B, C, factor B, C2 and C4 loci of the HLA complex. AB - Two patients with type I Glanzmann's thrombasthenia and 20 kindred of these patients belonging to 2 families of the Manouches gipsy tribe have been studied. Quantitative measurements of platelet membrane glycoproteins GP IIb and GP IIIa have made it possible to classify the patients into normal, thrombasthenic or carriers of the thrombasthenic abnormality. We have examined several red cell alloantigens and antigens of the major histocompatibility complex. These studies have shown that: 1) type I Glanzmann's thrombasthenia (GP IIb and IIIa abnormality) segregates independently of Ss and Fy systems and the A, B, C, Bf, C2 and C4 loci of the HLA complex; 2) a rare hemolytically inactive C4 variant segregates in these families but is not associated with the GP IIb and IIIa abnormality. PMID- 6214872 TI - Effects of thymoxamine on ouabain-induced arrhythmias in dogs. AB - The effect of thymoxamine, a pure alpha-adrenoceptor blocking agent, on ouabain induced arrhythmias was investigated in dogs to clarify whether thymoxamine has an arrhythmogenic or an anti-arrhythmic action. Thymoxamine. 1 mg/kg i.v., inhibited the manifestation of ventricular arrhythmias (VA) and the pressor effect produced by ouabain infusion (1 microgram/kg/min i.v.) as 5 mg/kg i.v. of phentolamine did. Low doses of these drugs did not affect the VA. Simultaneous infusion of phenylephrine (5 micrograms/kg/min i.v.) with ouabain enhanced the manifestation of VA accompanying pressor effects, which were inhibited by thymoxamine (1 mg/kg) in a parallel manner. Infusion of isoprenaline (0.2 microgram/kg min i.v.) with ouabain enhanced the manifestation of VA, but the enhancement was to a lesser extent than with phenylephrine. Thymoxamine, 1 mg/kg, did not affect the VA. The infusion of CaCl2 (20 mg/kg/min i.v.) with ouabain enhanced the manifestation of VA, which was not inhibited by thymoxamine. These results show the possibility that the protective effect of thymoxamine on the manifestation of VA may be mainly associated with inhibitions of pressor effects mediated through vascular alpha-adrenoceptors. PMID- 6214873 TI - [Experience in conducting student inservice practice in pedodontics]. PMID- 6214875 TI - [Formation of the body of German-language medical literature in the Middle Ages]. PMID- 6214874 TI - [Aristotle's fundamental thoughts on the structure and function of body tissues]. PMID- 6214876 TI - [Changes in the historiography of medicine and the sciences in their social context. 75th anniversary of the Karl Sudhoff Institute, Leipzig]. PMID- 6214877 TI - Natural killer cells and their possible relevance to transplantation biology. PMID- 6214878 TI - Immunopharmacological monitoring of cyclosporin A-treated recipients of cadaveric kidney allografts. PMID- 6214879 TI - Pretransplant blood transfusions and related kidney allograft survival. AB - The impact of pretransplant blood transfusions was analyzed in 130 recipients of related kidney grafts. There was no difference in the graft survival rate between the 85 transfused recipients and the 45 nontransfused recipients, but acute rejection episodes occurred less frequently in the former group, the incidence being 49% versus 69% (P less than 0.05). Multitransfused (greater than 20 transfusions) patients had a significantly better graft survival rate than patients receiving 1 to 20 transfusions and patients receiving no blood, The 3 year survival rates in these groups were 93, 70, and 66%, respectively. Pretransplant dialysis had no effect on transplantation outcome. PMID- 6214880 TI - Clinical response to chemotherapy and hormone therapy as first treatment after therapeutic ovariectomy in advanced breast cancer patients. AB - The results of chemotherapy and hormone therapy, administered after relapse of the disease, were evaluated in 106 patients with homogeneous clinical characteristics who were subjected to bilateral ovariectomy for advanced breast cancer, whether the response to castration was favorable or not. In spite of an unfavorable response to the ovariectomy, 40.0% of the patients responded to hormone therapy, whereas 32.5% of the cases did not benefit from the successive hormone therapy, although they had responded to ovariectomy. The contrast, 65%, after favorably responding to ovariectomy, showed regression of the neoplasm after chemotherapy for the relapse. This apparent discordance of the results could be due to the fact that response to castration is not the only valid parameter to identify hormone dependence of a breast cancer and/or that the breast cancer is composed, in various proportions, of hormone-sensitive and chemo sensitive cells. The predominance of one of these 2 components could determine the response of the neoplasm to therapy. The authors conclude that a more extensive and accurate hormone typing of the patient could give more precise indications for the appropriate therapy. PMID- 6214881 TI - Peroperative assessment in arterial surgery--flow determination or angiography? AB - Complete data from flow measurement and intraoperative angiography were obtained in 70 femoro-popliteal vein by pass procedures. The results were compared in respect to their predictability of early outcome after arterial reconstruction. A correct prediction was given in 65 of 70 cases (92 per cent) by angiography. The corresponding figure for flowmeter determination was 52 of 70 (74 per cent). Angiography was found to be preferable to flow determination especially when low flow values were registered. PMID- 6214882 TI - Matrix obstruction of solitary kidney during pregnancy. PMID- 6214883 TI - Urodynamics in women with stress and urge incontinence. AB - Subtracted bladder pressure recording is the ideal method to diagnose bladder instability in supine and erect positions. Uroflowmetry demonstrated higher peak flow rates in our stable bladder group. Lateral cystourethrography showed a higher degree of urethral hypermobility in the same group. We believe that cystometry with subtraction is still the cornerstone in the evaluation of these patients. Uroflowmetry and lateral cystography may add some information and deserve further investigation in a large number of patients. Intravesical pressure alone, external urethral sphincter electromyography, and static urethral pressure profilometry were of no value in the evaluation of our patients. PMID- 6214884 TI - [Clinical and treatment characteristics of acute cholecystitis in the middle-aged and elderly]. AB - The clinical picture of acute cholecystitis was analyzed in 221 patients. The authors have studied symptoms of the disease in patients older than 60 such as rapid beginning of the disease, early signs of intoxication and peritonitis. They all made the diagnostics difficult. Urgent operations should be recommended in elderly and senile patients more often due to greater probability of destructive forms of cholecystitis in such patients. PMID- 6214885 TI - [Use of emergency laparoscopy in the diagnosis of acute cholecystitis and pancreatitis]. PMID- 6214886 TI - Comparison of protection against lungworm infection between levamisole-treated and vaccinated calves. AB - A trial involving 122 calves of approximately 100 kg bodyweight was undertaken to assess the protection against reinfection with Dictyocaulus viviparus in calves whose primary infection was treated with levamisole. Four matched groups, each of 20 housed calves, were taken and one group vaccinated against parasitic bronchitis. Calves in the remaining groups were infected with third stage D viviparus larvae daily for 42 days and treated with 7 . 5 mg/kg levamisole administered subcutaneously at 14, 14 and 28, or 14, 28 and 42 days. All groups were challenged with 10,000 larvae per call on day 49. Relevant control groups were maintained. Eight calves from each main group were slaughtered four weeks later and survivors retained until 20 weeks from the start of the experiment. Calves treated sequentially with two or three doses of levamisole at 14 day intervals while exposed to incoming infection approximated more closely to the performance of vaccinated cattle and were significantly better protected against challenge than those receiving one dose of levamisole only. Feed conversion was most efficient in vaccinated calves not exposed to the potentially lethal trickle infection. After the last levamisole treatment, vaccinated calves and those treated with three doses of levamisole at 14 day intervals were significantly heavier than calves receiving one dose of levamisole only. Vaccinated calves grew heavier than those receiving triple levamisole treatments until the time of challenge. Thereafter the triple levamisole treatment group improved and eventually grew heavier than the vaccinated animals. PMID- 6214887 TI - A laparoscopic technique for in vivo observation of ovaries in the water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis). AB - A technique was developed for observing the ovaries of the water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) restrained in a standing position using a laparoscope (10 mm diameter, 600 mm length) inserted in the right paralumbar fossa after sedation with xylazine and local infiltration anaesthesia. Insufflation of the abdominal cavity with carbon dioxide was necessary to pass the laparoscope along the body wall to the pelvic inlet where both ovaries could be examined in detail with a manipulating probe inserted ipsilaterally. Twenty-one buffaloes were subjected to 50 laparoscopic examinations without infections or adverse reactions. Laparoscopy was a simple, reliable and rapid technique for repeated observation of the ovaries in the buffalo. PMID- 6214888 TI - Rupture of the prepubic tendon in a shire mare. PMID- 6214890 TI - Platelet concentrates. Influence of different preparative protocols on the in vitro release reaction. AB - To determine what effect different preparative protocols and different platelet storage bags have on in vitro release, platelet concentrates were prepared according to two different protocols (group I: 2,200 g for 3.5 min followed by 4,900 g for 5 min; group II: 1,000 g for 9 min and 3,000 g for 20 min). The storage bags used were either a standard polyvinyl chloride (PL-146) or a polyolefin bag (PL-732). The results for platelet concentrates stored in PL-146 showed that while group I had undergone more alpha granule release at 24 and 48 h of storage than had group II, by 72 h both groups showed a similar degree of release. Results for platelets stored in PL-732, however, did not show any significant difference in release between the two protocol groups at any storage time up to 120 h. We conclude that although the preparative protocol used may induce different degrees of platelet release in vitro, the platelet storage bag also has a significant influence on the degree of in vitro damage which occurs during subsequent storage. PMID- 6214889 TI - Effect of oxytetracycline therapy on experimentally induced pneumonic pasteurellosis in lambs. AB - Two groups of 10, specific pathogen free lambs were injected with a long acting oxytetracycline preparation at a dose rate of 20 mg/kg either 24 hours before or 24 hours after exposure to an aerosol of Pasteurella haemolytica. When compared with the response of similarly infected but untreated lambs, the effect of pretreatment was to postpone the appearance of clinical signs of pneumonia for four days and the deaths of five lambs for five to six days post infection, by which time seven untreated lambs had died. Treatment 24 hours after infection caused a rapid clinical recovery which persisted until six days after infection but two treated lambs died seven days after infection. Lung lesions in the group treated after infection were significantly less extensive than those in the untreated lambs. PMID- 6214891 TI - Management of immune-mediated and paraproteinemic diseases by membrane plasma separation and cascade filtration. AB - Membrane plasma separation was utilized in the management of 19 patients with autoimmune, immune complex or paraproteinemic diseases. In these patients 34 procedures were carried out employing a new filter composed of polyvinyl alcohol hollow fibers with a nominal pore size of 0.4 micrometer. Cascade filtration was performed in 23 procedures using a second filter built up with ethylenevinylalcohol copolymer hollow fibers with a nominal pore size of 0.1-0.2 micrometer. Both filters employed showed a very good biocompatibility, and no untoward effect was observed. Using the differential sieving effect of cascade filtration it was possible to eliminate circulating immune complexes and immunoglobulin M without the loss of necessary plasma components. PMID- 6214892 TI - [Value of histological examinations in the diagnosis of the polycystic ovary syndrome in comparative records obtained by laparoscopy and subsequent laparatomy]. PMID- 6214893 TI - [Genetic counselling and human handicap]. AB - Nowadays a responsible health policy cannot exist without a human genetics counselling service which is both scientifically founded and freely accessible to the whole population. Human genetics counselling is concerned with the application of knowledge of the causes of congenital developmental disturbances such as chromosomal aberrations, genetic defects and metabolic disorders to medical practice. However, the early diagnosis of a chromosomal aberration by means of amniocentesis directly intervenes in the life of a woman and the existence of the embryo, leading, in turn, to a decision-making process which is influenced by a variety of factors on the part of the woman and on the part of the physician. The counselling physician will be influenced by his own medical experience, his ethical views, and his knowledge of the social, physical, psychological and educational problems arising in the case of developmental disturbances. His personal style of counselling and his sensitivity and receptivity in dealing with the problems of the individual patient will determine the weight of his advice. Modern human genetics, if optimally applied, can change the whole scene of handicap by limiting congenital developmental disturbances on the basis of an understanding of the underlying causation obtained by comprehensive investigation. Only then can patients be adequately counselled and prevention become possible. PMID- 6214894 TI - [Learning disabilities and genetics with particular reference to Down's syndrome]. AB - Medical geneticists invest a great part of their resources towards the prevention of the birth of children with trisomy 21. Since, however, it will never be possible to monitor all pregnancies and, moreover, rejection of prenatal diagnosis on ethical grounds is widespread, this paper discusses the possibilities of lightening the burden on relatives of children with Down's syndrome. The contrast of the negative example shown by Switzerland with positive experiences achieved in Denmark serves to show that highly beneficial results can be obtained by humanizing the school system. This holds true not only for the severely retarded and their families, but also for children with minor learning disabilities as well. Such changes in the school system, when correctly applied, are of advantage to more gifted students as well. PMID- 6214895 TI - New anthracycline antibiotics produced by interspecific recombinants of streptomycetes. IV. Antimicrobial activity of iremycin. AB - The in vitro antimicrobial activity of iremycin (10-(alpha-L-rhodosaminyl)-gamma rhodomycinone) was determined in comparison to that of doxorubicin, a 14-hydroxy derivative of daunorubicin, which exhibited a strong antitumor activity and is useful in chemotherapy of human tumors. The MIC values determined by means of a standardized agar diffusion plate test indicated a lower antimicrobial activity of iremycin in vitro in comparison to that of doxorubicin. In contrast to doxorubicin, iremycin was highly active against Mycobacterium smegmatis, but five fold less active than doxorubicin against Staphylococcus aureus, seven-fold less active against Bacillus subtilis, and twenty five-fold less active against Commamonas terrigena. Furthermore, iremycin was hundred-fold less active against a highly sensitive permeation mutant of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. No inducing activity on prophages in lysogenic E. coli cells was demonstrable for iremycin and no growth inhibition in the repair test was observable. In contrast, iremycin inhibited the multiplication of gamma-phages in the BIP test, but the MIC values of violamycin BI, doxorubicin and iremycin in this test system indicated that iremycin is two hundred fifty-fold less active than violamycin BI and ten-fold less active than doxorubicin. No serum binding was demonstrable for iremycin. PMID- 6214896 TI - [Incapacity to work in the handicapped and annuitants]. PMID- 6214897 TI - [Social status of the severely handicapped in a community of the district of Dresden - overview of the community of Lobau]. PMID- 6214898 TI - [Localization on the integument and alcali resistance ]. AB - The alkali resistance-test by method of Burckhardt-Locher was performed to investigate possible differences on respective integumental areas and to compare two methods of applying the alkali solution (dropper and piston pipette). 49 persons without dermatoses were tested by right-left comparing four test sites. The highest average alkali resistance was found at the back of the hand (+/- = 4, 72, s = 1,3), followed by the forearm (+/- = 2,69, s = 0,8) was registered at the shoulder. The differences between the test sites with different means were significant by a fault rate of at least 5%. The two methods of alkali application showed no significant differences. PMID- 6214899 TI - [Oral treatment with retinoids-mechanisms of action and clinical experiences in erythematosquamous and other dermatoses]. AB - Retinoids possess regulatory influences on growth and differentiation of epithelial tissues. They induce a population of keratinozytes with normal pattern of differentiation, they have antiproliferative properties, and they show antineoplastic effects by inhibition of malignant transformation of cells in vitro. Also the dermis undergoes distinct alterations under oral administration of retinoids. By stimulating T-lymphocytes and by inhibition of neutrophil migration retinoids seem to develop immunmodulating and antiinflammatory effects. The aromatic retinoid Etretinate is therapeutically used in severe forms of psoriasis and in various genodermatoses with disorders of keratinization as for example ichthyosis, dyskeratosis follicularis Darier, and pityriasis rubra pilaris. PMID- 6214900 TI - [The psoriatic bone manifestation]. AB - Besides the known joint involvement as seen in the whole-body scan which uses 99m technetium-phosphate-complexes, skeletal scintigraphic investigations in 17 patients with psoriasis have demonstrated circumscribed or diffuse accumulative pathological concentrations of the radionuclide within the skeleton of the skull, the thyroid cartilage, the bony thorax and osseous long bones. These pathological accumulations of radionuclides of TcP-complexes which are distant from joint regions, point to proliferative phenomena in the bone in case of psoriasis especially in alterations of the collagenous metabolism. PMID- 6214901 TI - Complications of sickle cell anemia in a dental patient. PMID- 6214902 TI - [Virus-induced humoral pathogenetic reactions]. PMID- 6214903 TI - [Immune complex disease of mice persistently infected with lymphocytic choriomeningitis (LCM) virus]. PMID- 6214904 TI - [Analysis of load characteristics and elaboration of new indices of heart function]. PMID- 6214905 TI - [Phenylketonuria in eczema and neurodermatitis in children]. PMID- 6214906 TI - Huntington's chorea. PMID- 6214907 TI - Huntington's chorea in Papua. PMID- 6214908 TI - The Huntington's Disease Register of Papua New Guinea. AB - The discovery of Huntington's chorea in New Britain, Papua New Guinea in 1977 was followed by the establishment of a National Huntington's Disease Register. At present there are 11 choreics and 136 potential choreics registered within 5 kindreds. The disease presents early in Papua New Guinea and the average age of onset in living choreics in New Britain was 21 years. Affected persons here do not as a rule seek medical advice, and an active case detection policy was therefore adopted. The development of a genetic register in an unsophisticated and superstitious community poses special problems. Genetic counselling has so far proved to be ineffective. PMID- 6214909 TI - PGM1a subtyping in Western Germany (Dusseldorf region). AB - Phosphoglucomutase (PGM1a) subtypes were determined by isoelectric focusing on samples of 496 unrelated individuals. Ten phenotypes were observed as gene products of four alleles at the PGM1 locus, with the following gene frequencies: PGM1a1 = 0.631, PGM1a2 = 0.194, PGM1a3 = 0.126, and PGM1a4 = 0.049. A rare phenotype PGM1(8-a2) was observed. PMID- 6214910 TI - [Detection of gonorrhoea by laparoscopic diagnosis of acute adnexitis]. AB - The presence of gonorrhoea was verified by culturing in 30.3 per cent of 119 patients in whom acute adnexitis had been confirmed by laparoscopy, gonorrhoeal findings being independent of types of inflammation.--Cervical, urethral, and abdominal cultures were prepared from various materials at one and the same time. Positive responses were recorded from them in one third of the cases of gonorrhoea. Three patients exhibited positive reactions only from abdominal cultures.--Additional aerobic and anaerobic pathogens were recorded from abdominal samples in 16 of 29 cases. Their occurrence should be taken into consideration in the treatment of female gonorrhoea with concomitant adnexitis.- A recommendation is made to the effect that abdominal gonorrhoeal cultures should be prepared in all cases of laparoscopy or laparotomy for acute adnexitis. Highest rates of detection can be expected, in that context, from tubal tissue cultures.--An approach is described by which to prepare gonorrhoeal cultures with no transport medium for conditions under which hospital and gonorrhoea laboratory are not located on one and the same premises. PMID- 6214911 TI - [Epidemic consequences of the German fascist occupation of Byelorussia 1941-1944 and measures for their elimination]. PMID- 6214912 TI - [Meningococcal infection in the Uzbek SSR]. AB - The epidemiological characteristics of meningococcal infection in Uzbekistan during the period of 8 years since its last epidemic rise in 1972 is presented. Differences in the intensity of the epidemic process among the urban and rural population due to a considerable isolation of most of the rural populated localities from the district centers and the low population density in the republic have been established. The seasonal distribution of the infection had a winter-spring character in urban areas and a spring character in rural areas. 63.4% of all cases were children under 14 years. In cities a high morbidity level among adolescents and young people was determined mainly by visitors from rural areas. A high epidemiological importance of healthy carriers, predominantly schoolchildren and young people was established. The immunological studies of humoral immunity in different groups of the population indicate that the process of immunization was more rapid in cities. PMID- 6214914 TI - Double-blind comparison of Diltiazem and placebo in the treatment of exercise inducible chronic stable angina pectoris. AB - The effect of Diltiazem, a calcium antagonist drug, were compared with those of placebo on exercise performance. Twenty four patients with exercise-inducible chronic stable angina pectoris were studied over a double-blind period of 8 weeks. The active product was generally well tolerated. Diltiazem was effective in increasing the anginal threshold, in decreasing the ST-segment depression at an identical submaximal workload and in increasing the time to termination of exercise. These results are in accordance with those of others but the mechanisms whereby these effects occur are unclear; the observed results suggest that peripheral effects are not primarily responsible for the drugs' efficacy. PMID- 6214913 TI - Philodendron scandens Koch et Sello subsp. oxycardium (Schott) Bunting, a new source of allergenic alkyl resorcinols. PMID- 6214915 TI - Pulmonary veno-occlusive disease: report of a case. PMID- 6214916 TI - Captopril in the treatment of hypertension. PMID- 6214917 TI - Surface Ia-like expression and MLR-stimulating capacity of human leukemic myeloblasts: implications for immunotherapy and prognosis. AB - Surface Ia-positive cells were found to vary from 0 to 100% in initial blood specimens from 37 adults with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). When myeloblasts from 19 patients were tested against panels of lymphocytes from 5 to 19 normal donors, mean stimulation indices ranged from 1 to 60. Some leukemic myeloblasts strongly stimulated most allogenic responder lymphocytes whereas others produced almost no stimulation. The addition of antibody against human Ia to 28 mixed leukocyte reaction (MLR) combinations resulted in significant inhibition (p less than 0.001) of 3H-thymidine incorporation. Testing of myeloblastic Ia may have clinical relevance because patients with greater than 50% Ia-positive myeloblasts had a significantly longer survival than patients with fewer Ia-positive myeloblasts (p less than 0.04). PMID- 6214918 TI - Histoenzymological comparison of the prostate gland of sexually 'quiescent' and 'active' Taphozous melanopogon melanopogon Temmnick (Microchiroptera: Mammalia). AB - Lysosomal hydrolases (e.g., acid phosphatase, AcPase; adenosine triphosphatase, ATPase, and lipase) and the mitochondrial 'marker' enzyme succinic dehydrogenase (SDH) were evaluated histochemically in the prostate gland of sexually 'quiescent' and 'active' bats. During the former state, AcPase activity was significantly less than in sexually active animals, suggesting that prostate AcPase activity is androgen dependent. Levels of lipase activity also were highest in the prostate of sexually active bats, suggesting the importance of endogenous lipids which may be mobilized and used as a source of energy. SDH and ATPase sites and patterns of distribution in the prostate gland of bats were closely similar during the two reproductive states. Differential enzymological patterns do not seem to have any significant correlation with the morphological changes which occur in the glandular epithelium, musculature, urethra and the luminal fluid, as the animals pass from a 'quiescent' phase to one of activity and vice versa as observed in the present study. PMID- 6214919 TI - Fetal congenital lethal hypophosphatasia: histochemical absence of alkaline phosphatase activity in endothelial cells of intramuscular capillaries. PMID- 6214920 TI - The effects of ageing, cachexia and neoplasms on striated muscle. Quantitative histological and histochemical observations on an autopsy material. AB - The effects of ageing, cachexia and neoplasms on striated muscle were examined in histological sections of an autopsy material. Paraffin sections were examined from four separate muscles of 30 previously healthy subjects who died suddenly, from eight cases with cachexia and from 16 cases with cachexia and neoplasms. In addition, ATP-ase stained cryostat sections were examined from two muscles from most of the cases. All the sections were evaluated with regard to atrophy, myopathic changes and fibre type grouping. Furthermore, the exact size of 100 fibres of each type was determined in the enzyme stained sections. Myopathic changes were found in a few muscles, mainly in the normal cases. They were considered incidental findings without clinical significance. Fibre type grouping could not be evaluated in the anterior tibial muscle because large clusters of the same fibre type occur normally in this muscle. In the biceps brachii only two normal cases and none of the cachectic cases showed fibre type grouping. A moderate small grouped muscle fibre atrophy was found in normal cases with increasing age. The cases with cachexia showed a marked small grouped atrophy which involved both fibre types. There were only small and uncertain differences between cases with cachexia and tumours and those with cachexia alone. Thus, no changes were observed which could be ascribed to tumours alone. The small grouped atrophy in ageing and cachexia resembled that seen in denervation atrophy but the exact mechanism of the changes remains obscure. PMID- 6214921 TI - Ultrasonic growth pattern of fetuses with chromosomal aberrations. AB - A retrospective analysis of the ultrasonic growth patterns of two 13-15 trisomies, two 18-trisomies and eight 21-trisomies is presented. The patterns were examined by serial cephalometry, abdominometry and head-to-abdomen circumference measurements. Early and symmetric growth retardation was revealed by ultrasonography and later confirmed by postnatal pediatric examinations in the 13-15 trisomies and 18-trisomies. In the 21-trisomies, fetal growth was normal. PMID- 6214922 TI - Long-term oral candidosis in rats. AB - The aim of the study was to investigate the carriage of infection rate during continuous oral inoculation of Candida albicans in conventionalized SPF rats after initial tetracycline medication. During the 34-week experiment 50% of the animals harboured Candida albicans in the mouth, whereas only 25% of the animals demonstrated pseudomycelial penetration of the oral mucosa. More than ninety per cent of the candidal foci were found in areas covered by a less densely cornified epithelium and were mainly localized to the sulcular folds, the gingival margin and the cheek. Only the dorsal surface of the tongue showed foci with obvious signs of long-standing candidal infection. The lingual papillae were lost and replaced by a flat-surface parakeratotic epithelium showing irregular hyperplasia, acanthosis but no atypia. Reactive changes were found in the underlying lingual muscular layer. PMID- 6214923 TI - Relationship between the ability for conformational changes and the specificity of non-depolarizing muscle relaxants. PMID- 6214924 TI - Experimental data for interaction of morphine and serotoninergic substances and their action upon some CNS-functions. PMID- 6214925 TI - A double-blind study of zimelidine, a serotonin uptake inhibitor, and desipramine, a noradrenaline uptake inhibitor, in endogenous depression. I. Clinical findings. AB - A comparative evaluation of zimelidine, a potent and selective serotonin (5-HT) uptake inhibitor, and desipramine, a potent noradrenaline (NA) uptake inhibitor, was carried out in a 4-week randomized, double-blind study in 65 hospitalized patients with endogenous depression. For evaluation of the clinical effect, Hamilton Rating Scale for depression (HRS) and a 14-item scale chosen from the Comprehensive Psychopathological Rating Scale (CPRS) were used. The concentration of drug in plasma was determined on the same days as the clinical ratings. There were no significant difference in the overall therapeutic effect between the two drugs. However, zimelidine had significantly better effect on anxiety. Although both agents were well tolerated, the zimelidine-treated patients reported significantly less severe anticholinergic side effects. Body weight did not change significantly in either treatment group. In the total material ther were no significant correlation between plasma concentrations of zimelidine, norzimelidine and desipramine and the amelioration score of either HRS and CPRS. PMID- 6214926 TI - Experimental fibrous renal artery stenosis dilated by balloon catheter. Long-term results. AB - Fibrous renal artery stenosis was induced by subtotal ligation with chromic catgut. Six weeks following unilateral ligation, transluminal balloon dilatation was performed in 8 pigs. Angiography was performed 8 to 10 weeks after dilatation, and at post-mortem 20 weeks after dilatation. Intra-arterial blood pressure and renal venous renin activity were measured before and at the repeat examination after dilatation and the morphologic changes in the arterial wall were evaluated at microscopy. Restenosis developed in 2 renal arteries, while successful dilatation was achieved in 6 cases. PMID- 6214927 TI - Serum beta-hexosaminidase in diabetes mellitus with reference to the type of treatment. AB - A significantly increased serum level of beta-hexosaminidase was found in an unselected group of 85 diabetics. When the patients were divided into three groups according to type of treatment, increased enzyme levels were found only in patients treated with oral hypoglycemic agents or diet while insulin-treated patients had normal serum levels of beta-hexosaminidase. There was a positive correlation between beta-hexosaminidase and blood glucose concentration for the entire patient series. When grouped according to treatment, a positive correlation was found only in the insulin-treated group despite its normal serum activity of beta-hexosaminidase. Serum beta-hexosaminidase of patients with retinopathy did not differ from the mean value of their group. It is concluded that the activity of beta-hexosaminidase in diabetics can produce different results depending on the type of patients under study. PMID- 6214928 TI - Regulatory peptides in animal paradigms of neuropsychiatric illness. PMID- 6214929 TI - [Possibilities of high school education for disabled]. PMID- 6214930 TI - A suggested English nomenclature for aesthetic surgery of the abdominal wall. PMID- 6214931 TI - Vitamins and immunity: II. Influence of L-carnitine on the immune system. AB - Vitamin A affects the antibody responses and may affect phagocytic function and properdin levels. Pyridoxine deficiency impairs nucleic acid synthesis and depresses antibody formation, delayed hypersensitivity reactions and the ability of phagocytes to kill bacteria. Pantothenic acid deficiency impairs antibody formation. Vitamin C deficiency increases the incidence of infection, primary by a negative influence on reparative processes. Deficiencies of other vitamins either have not been sufficiently studied or have a variable effect. Moreover, even substances which for their biosynthesis require an adequate vitamin supplementation may exert immunomodulatory influences. With this respect the authors report their results on the influence of L-carnitine on the immune system. L-carnitine increases the proliferative responses of both murine and human lymphocyte following mitogenic stimulation and increase polymorphonuclear chemotaxis. Furthermore, L-carnitine, even at minimal concentrations, neutralizes the lipid induced immunosuppression. PMID- 6214932 TI - 99mTc-labeled macroaggregated albumin in intrahepatic arterial chemotherapy. AB - One hundred eighty-four 99mTc-labeled macroaggregated albumin (99mTc-MAA) perfusion studies were carried out in 39 patients with histologically proven primary (four) and metastatic (35) hepatic neoplasms. Three different patterns of tumor perfusion were observed: (1) increased central radioactivity (33%); (2) decreased central radioactivity (33%); and (3) mixed and/or diffuse radioactivity (33%). Extrahepatic perfusion as evidenced by radioactive localization in the region of the stomach, pancreas, and small bowel was noted in 51%. Its presence was associated with a higher incidence of gastrointestinal complications (45% vs. 16%). Tumor arteriovenous shunting was demonstrated in 38%, showing localization of radiotracer activity in the lungs, and decreased as tumors decreased in size. The use of 99mTc-MAA infusion studies in intrahepatic arterial chemotherapy offers an excellent evaluation of catheter placement and tumor perfusion, in addition to helping to avoid gastrointestinal complications. PMID- 6214933 TI - Percutaneous transluminal dilatation of the renal artery: follow-up studies on renovascular hypertension. AB - Percutaneous transluminal dilatation of 80 renal artery stenoses was attempted in 68 patients. The procedure was technically successful in 58 (85%) patients. Fifty (86%) of the 58 patients were initially cured or improved. Life-table analysis of this group gives a cumulative success rate of 81% for a 3 year period. Hypertension recurred in only seven patients. There were no deaths related to the procedure, but four major complications occurred, including two secondary nephrectomies. PMID- 6214934 TI - Selected techniques in percutaneous transluminal angioplasty. PMID- 6214935 TI - The chest radiograph in Rocky Mountain spotted fever. AB - Chest radiographs of 43 patients with Rocky Mountain spotted fever were reviewed to elucidate the frequency and types of involvement of the lower respiratory tract. The abnormal radiographic patterns included localized and diffuse infiltrates of both interstitial and alveolar type. Autopsies were performed in five cases, and findings in several of these are described to help provide radiologic-pathologic correlation. An association of lung involvement (as evidenced by diffuse infiltrates on chest radiographs) and increased mortality was demonstrated. PMID- 6214936 TI - [Defects in cell-mediated and humoral immunity in tumor-bearing mice. Evidence and characterization of suppressor cells ]. AB - The immune response of mice bearing a transplantable tumor which was induced by Benzyprene was studied. The humoral response to sheep red blood cells (hemolytic plaque assay) is increased until the day 18 after inoculation of the tumor if calculated in relation to the total number of spleen cells, but it is decreased related to 10(6) spleen cells after day 9. Because the weight of the spleen increases during this time this result suggests that the relation between antibody producing and nonproducing cells becomes smaller, despite the total number of antibody producing cells is higher. The unspecific suppression of the cell-mediated immune response in vivo was was studied by the adoptive transfer of spleen cells from tumor bearing mice and allografting of the recipients. The rejection of the grafts is delayed. The stimulation of spleen cells with PHA is smaller with cells from tumor animals than in controls. The fraction which is nonadherent on glass beads has a higher reactivity than the total population, this difference is more distinct in tumor animals. The suppressor cells from tumor mice are glass adherent and their activity is negatively influenced by treatment of the tumor mice with Carageenan. PMID- 6214937 TI - PHA skin test-correlation with migration inhibition but not with peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) subpopulations. With 1 figure. AB - Results of the PHA skin test correlate with prognosis of cancer patients (W. Wiktor-Jedrzejczak [17] ). However, its clinical interpretation is faded by not known character of this reaction. In the present study PHA skin test was performed on 50 subjects simultaneously with: 1. sealed capillary migration inhibition test in the presence of various concentrations of PHA; 2. E and EAC rosette tests for quantitation of T and B lymphocytes. Skin reaction to 1 microgram of purified PHA (Wellcome) was found to correlate with migration inhibition performed using suboptimal doses of PHA-P (Difco). -No correlation was found between leukocyte and lymphocyte absolute count and PHA skin test. Neither proportions nor absolute numbers of E+, and EAC+ and null cells correlated with PHA skin test. On several occasions the test persisted positive despite absence of lymphocytes in peripheral blood of patients. -These studies further suggest that PHA skin test has certain characteristics similar to DTH reactions and that changes of the test do not simply reflect changes in PBL subpopulations. PMID- 6214938 TI - Immunglobulins in asthmatic children during balneological treatment in Szczawno spa. With 2 figures. AB - Experimental studies were carried our on children with extrinsic, intrinsic and mixed type asthma, treated balneologically in a sanatorium. Serum concentrations of immunoglobulins A, G, M, E and D, and serum enzyme inhibitor alpha1 antitrypsin were determined. The results were compared with those obtained in healthy children, and were also analysed in aspects of clinical and aetiological classification of asthma. Authors observed the therapeutic benefit of balneological treatment in childhood asthma. Asthmatic symptoms in children disappeared, or were much less pronounced. Mean immunoglobulin levels, before treatment higher than in healthy children, did not change after treatment, except IgE and IgG. Clinical improvement was accompanied by a significantly increasing IgG level. PMID- 6214939 TI - Ectopic pregnancy. AB - Management of ectopic pregnancy is tailored to the clinical situation. Improved sensitivity of human chorionic gonadotropin radioimmunoassay and radioreceptor assay and the use of gray-scale ultrasonography allow early diagnosis. Laparoscopy increases the diagnostic yield prior to rupture. Management is as conservative as possible to preserve fertility, Rho(D) immune globulin prophylaxis is mandatory if the patient is Rh negative. PMID- 6214940 TI - Importance of follow-up medical and surgical approaches to prevent reinfarction, reocclusion, and recurrent angina following intracoronary thrombolysis with streptokinase in acute myocardial infarction. AB - Thirty-four patients with acute myocardial infarction (mean age 55 years) who received intracoronary streptokinase for coronary thrombosis were followed for a mean of 9.4 months (longest 25 months) following the procedure of percutaneous transluminal coronary recanalization (PTCR). Twelve patients had undergone coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG), one had percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA), and 21 received medical therapy. Among patients having CABG and PTCA, nearly 70% no longer had chest pain or reinfarction, and 62% were in New York functional class I status; there were no deaths, and there was only one reinfarction, in a patient who had graft closure. In contrast, 43% of medically treated patients had chest pain or reinfarction or had died on follow-up; only 32% of survivors were in class I functional status. Further, 71% of medically treated patients who were receiving warfarin had no chest pain and on reinfarction, whereas the majority (56%) of patients who did not receive either warfarin or antiplatelet agents either had chest pain or reinfarction or died. The importance of CABG/PTCA and anticoagulant therapy is stressed to prevent recurrent ischemia, reinfarction, and reocclusion following successful reperfusion by means of PTCR in acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 6214941 TI - Exercise electrocardiogram, blood pressure, and working capacity in young patients with valvular or discrete subvalvular aortic stenosis. AB - Electrocardiographic changes, blood pressure, and working capacity (total work) were recorded during an upright cycle exercise test in 65 children and young adults (mean age 12 years) with valvular or discrete subvalvular aortic stenosis. All patients had cardiac catheterization, but none had surgical treatment. Controls consisted of 164 normal subjects (mean age 15 years). In the patients, the intervals between the exercise test and cardiac catheterization were 1 month or less in 66%, 2 to 12 months in 28%, and 12 to 24 months in 6%. The patients were classified by resting left ventricular to aortic peak systolic pressure gradient into Groups I (gradient less than 30 mm Hg), II (30 to 49 mm Hg), III (50 to 69 mm Hg), and IV (70 mm Hg or greater). The mean frequency and magnitude of exercise-induced S-T depression were greater in the patients than in the control subjects (p less than 0.005) and increased with increasing obstruction in the patients. Mean total work and peak exercise systolic pressure were significantly decreased in the patients with a left ventricular to aortic systolic gradient of 30 mm Hg or greater as compared with the control subjects (p less than 0.03). An exercise profile consisting of S-T depression of 2 mm or more, and markedly decreased total work and systolic blood pressure were characteristic of the 19 patients (Group IV) with a resting left ventricular to aortic systolic gradient of 70 mm Hg or greater. At least 2 or more components of this exercise profile occurred in 11 (24%) of the 46 patients with a resting left ventricular to aortic systolic gradient less than 70 mm Hg. This study demonstrates that exercise testing reveals serious abnormalities in patients otherwise classified as having trivial or moderate obstruction, and that a properly performed exercise study can be done at minimal risk to the patient. PMID- 6214942 TI - Mechanism of acquired right ventricular outflow tract obstruction in patients with ventricular septal defect: an angiocardiographic study. AB - Right ventricular outflow tract obstruction can complicate the natural history of patients with isolated ventricular septal defect. Although numerous pathologic mechanisms may be responsible for this phenomenon, it is less clear what the frequency is of each of these mechanisms in any cohort of patients studied in a single institution. We identified 20 patients with isolated ventricular septal defect from 1970 to 1981 who acquired a right ventricular outflow tract gradient of 25 mm Hg or more. They ranged in age at the initial catheterization investigation from 4 days to 23 months and at the subsequent study from 13 months to 8 years. Angiographically, 2 mechanisms were implicated in the 20 patients. Hypertrophy of right ventricular anomalous muscle bundles was identified in 19 of the 20 while hypertrophy of a malaligned infundibular septum (that is, classic tetralogy type) was identified in only 1 patient. These data indicate that acquired right ventricular outflow tract obstruction is rarely of the classic tetralogy type. PMID- 6214943 TI - The use of cholinergic precursors in neuropsychiatric diseases. AB - Preclinical data suggest that cholinergic precursors such as choline or lecithin, increase levels of acetylcholine in specific brain structures, and under certain conditions may enhance cholinergic neurotransmission. A variety of neuropsychiatric diseases including tardive dyskinesia. Huntington's chorea, ataxias, Tourette's syndrome, schizophrenia, affective illness, and senile dementia of the Alzheimer type, has been implicated with a general underactivity of central cholinergic mechanisms. Recent studies have investigated the possibility that cholinergic precursor loading strategies may provide viable treatments for these disorders of presumed cholinergic underactivity. Extensive data demonstrate that the symptoms of tardive dyskinesia can be reduced by choline or lecithin, whereas investigations in other disorders have met with mild success, at best, or are still in preliminary stages. Further controlled studies with choline or lecithin using broader dose ranges, longer durations of treatment, and concomitant administration of agents which may increase the release of acetylcholine are warranted. PMID- 6214944 TI - Stability of cancer chemotherapeutic agents in a totally implanted drug delivery system. AB - The stability and compatibility of serveral chemotherapeutic agents with an implantable infusion device were evaluated. The totally implantable drug delivery system can be placed subcutaneously in an ambulatory patient to permit the regional administration of antineoplastic drugs. The in vitro method of assessing the stability of three chemotherapeutic agents with the pumping device involved placing the pumps, filled with cytarabine, dichloromethotrexate, and vinblastine, in a 37 degree C water bath with mild agitation. Control solutions placed in amber vials were maintained under simulated physiological conditions. Samples (1 ml) were removed periodically, frozen at -20 degrees C and later toward and batch assayed by high pressure liquid chromatography to determine drug concentrations. An in vivo assessment of the stability of floxuridine was also conducted in five patients receiving intra-arterial hepatic infusions by the device. The concentrations placed in the pump were compared with the contractions removed at the time of refill. Cytarabine and dichloromethotrexate showed no appreciable drug decomposition in the control vials or the pump over the 15-day and 28-day study periods, respectively. Vinblastine underwent a 48% and 20% drugs loss in the pump and control, respectively, during a 14-day period. In the vivo assessment of floxuridine, less than 5% drug degradation was found for infusion times ranging from four to 12 days. Cytarabine, dichloromethothrexate, and floxuridine were stable and compatible with the implantable infusion evice, and vinblastine was found to be unstable. The compatibility of all agents with the infusion device should be evaluated before clinical application. PMID- 6214945 TI - Immune regulatory abnormalities produced by procainamide. AB - The pathogenesis of procainamide-induced autoantibody production is unknown. To test the effect of procainamide on the immune system, we studied in vitro suppressor cell function and immunoglobulin G (IgG) secretion in 11 patients who developed autoantibodies while taking procainamide. The procainamide group was compared with patients with spontaneous systemic lupus erythematosus (n = 15) and a normal control population (n = 40). Impaired in vitro suppressor cell function was found in 11 of 14 patients with spontaneous systemic lupus erythematosus but in none of the patients taking procainamide. However, total in vitro IgG secretion was significantly increased in the procainamide group with regard to the control and systemic lupus erythematosus groups. There was a direct correlation between the circulating anti-SS DNA antibody titer and in vitro IgG secretion. Furthermore, T cells isolated from the procainamide-treated patients stimulated IgG secretion by normal allogeneic peripheral blood lymphocytes. The added T cells did not affect in vitro suppressor cell function. We postulate that autoantibody production in patients taking procainamide is due to enhanced helper T cell function and not to impaired suppression. However, the development of clinical disease requires the participation of additional genetic or immunologic factors. PMID- 6214946 TI - A five-generation family with sacral agenesis and spina bifida: possible similarities with the mouse T-locus. AB - In man, a malformation that recalls some of the defects associated with T/t mutants in the mouse is sacral agenesis. We report on a family with a high incidence of sacral malformation, ranging from a complete absence of the sacrum (SA), with or without spina bifida aperta, to a spina bifida occulta (SBO) that could only be detected by x-ray. The condition appeared in a man with four children who were all affect, and thereafter, to varying degrees, in 17 of his 28 descendants. Segregation analysis has been performed in this family, using the Elston and Stewart transmission probability model [1971]. The two traits (SA and SBO) were first studied separated and then together. A fully penetrant major dominant gene is show to cause SA. When the phenotypes SA and SBO are considered together, Mendelian transmission is rejected. This could be explained genetically by two alternative hypotheses: genetic heterogeneity or a dominant major gene transmitted in excess by heterozygotes (tau Aa A = 0.896), suggesting a segregation distortion property of an allele at a T-like locus. PMID- 6214947 TI - Cognitive processing by subgroups of moderately mentally retarded children. PMID- 6214948 TI - Communicative uses of the early speech of nondelayed and Down syndrome children. PMID- 6214949 TI - A matched sample investigation of nonadaptive behavior of severely handicapped adults across four living situations. AB - Specific nonadaptive behavior characteristics of severely handicapped adults from state and private institutions, group homes, and parents' homes were investigated. No significant differences were found between the total population sampled and a sample matched on the demographic variables of CA, language age, sex, and diagnosis. Results of postpriori analysis of the 6 out of 57 types of nonadaptive behavior found to be significantly different across residential categories showed that the state institution population had significantly higher amounts of nonadaptive behavior than did persons from all other residential categories. No significant nonadaptive behavior differences were found between residents of private institutions, group homes, or parents' homes. State institution subjects had more severe behavior-management problems and fewer job placements than did persons from all other residential categories. PMID- 6214950 TI - Performance of Down syndrome individuals on the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale. PMID- 6214951 TI - Selected acoustic characteristics and listener judgments of the voice of Down syndrome adults. PMID- 6214952 TI - Social disruption and residential relocation of mentally retarded children. AB - Effects of relocation on 50 severely and profoundly mentally retarded and physically disabled children transferred from two facilities into a third one were examined. Social disruption, which referred to changes in daytime staff and programming, was manipulated 3 weeks after the move; the health and personal adjustment were measured prior to and 1 to 3 weeks, 4 to 6 weeks, and 11 to 13 weeks after the move. Relocation resulted in short-term decrements in positive behavior and in deterioration in health for all the groups. High staff disruption produced a short-term increase in abnormal behavior. PMID- 6214953 TI - Auditory and visual sequential memory of Down syndrome and nonretarded children. AB - The study was designed to investigate auditory and visual sequential memory of mentally retarded individuals. Experiment 1, conducted with Down syndrome children and adolescents, replicated previous findings of poor auditory sequential memory on the Illinois Test of Psycholinguistic Abilities. In Experiment 2, nonretarded kindergarteners showed superior recall of auditory items on a more comparable set of auditory and visual tasks. These same tasks, administered to the Down syndrome sample in Experiment 3, supported the earlier finding that retarded individuals have difficulty recalling auditorially presented verbal material. Their difficulty, however, did not appear to be linked to the sequential nature of recall. We suggested that the auditory-visual recall difference evidenced by nonretarded but not by retarded subjects may have been due to the differential use of information in echoic memory. PMID- 6214954 TI - Cytogenetic findings correlated with immune response to hepatitis virus B of institutionalized Down syndrome individuals. PMID- 6214955 TI - Treating renovascular hypertension: renal artery dilation. PMID- 6214956 TI - A comparison of different laparoscopic sterilization occlusion techniques in 24,439 procedures. AB - This investigation assessed the safety and efficacy of five laparoscopic tubal occlusion techniques for female sterilization: electrocoagulation, the tubal ring via conventional and open laparoscopy, the prototype spring-loaded clip, and the Rocket clip. The 24,439 cases make up a data set collected by collaborating staffs at 64 institutions in 27 countries. The five techniques were compared with respect to six commonly evaluated parameters. Rates of surgical difficulties ranged from 2.4% to 12.5% (5.1% overall); rates of surgical complications, from 0.7% to 2.7% (1.7% overall); and rates of technical failures, from 0.6% to 1.0% (0.8% overall). Twelve-month life-table pregnancy rates were less than one per 100 women years. Prospective data on six menstrual parameters revealed that the menstrual cycles of the majority of women were unchanged after sterilization; for those who reported a change, approximately half experienced a change in one direction and half in the other direction. For example, one half reported an increase in the amount of menstrual flow, and one half reported a decrease in the amount of flow. The reported incidence of subsequent pelvic operations was less than 1% at each long-term follow-up. These data indicate that laparoscopic sterilization is safe and effective and that none of the studied techniques has a distinct advantage. PMID- 6214957 TI - Glucose transport in chronically altered rat nephrons. AB - Microinjection experiments were performed in anesthetized rats to study the tubular absorptive capacity for glucose (TG) in normal and chronically altered tubules, i.e., tubules that sustained anatomical repair and compensatory changes of their previously normal configuration after acute damage. TG was complete when the glucose load injected in normal or altered early or late proximal convolutions was less than or equal to 1.5 or less than or equal to 10 pmol . s 1, respectively. In normal tubules, TmG was 10 and 5 pmol . s-1 after early and late proximal microinjections, respectively. After early proximal microinjections in altered tubules, different levels of TmG were found. They related to the degree of compensatory growth. TmG was approximately 12, 24, or 35 pmol . s-1, respectively, in altered tubules with minor, moderate, or major compensatory growth. After late proximal microinjections, TmG was 15 pmol . s-1. TG variability was greater in altered than in normal tubules. Correlation between structural and functional compensatory changes was thus demonstrated. Furthermore, an important, albeit latent, absorptive capacity for glucose of the proximal straight tubule was found. PMID- 6214958 TI - Early changes in fiber profile and capillary density in long-term stimulated muscles. AB - Predominantly fast skeletal muscles of rabbits [tibialis anterior (TA), extensor digitorum longus (EDL)] were stimulated at a frequency naturally occurring in nerves to slow muscles (10 Hz continuously) for 8 h/day for 2--4 days. Such stimulation is known to convert all glycolytic fibers to oxidative and to increase capillary density. Our aim was to study early stages of conversion to investigate the factors responsible for the changes. Staining of quick-frozen sections for myosin ATPase, succinic dehydrogenase, and alkaline phosphatase was used to study the distribution of different fiber types and to measure fiber cross-sectional areas, capillaries per square millimeter, and capillary-to-fiber ratios in each fiber category. TA but not EDL showed conversion of fast glycolytic to fast oxidative fibers after 2 days, more after 4 days of stimulation. In both muscles, the largest fast glycolytic fibers were diminished in number after stimulation. There was significant increase in total capillaries per square millimeter after 4 days and some increase after 2 days of stimulation. The increase in capillaries per square millimeter exceeded the increase in the number of fibers per square millimeter, and since there was no change in mean fiber area, the increase is attributed to capillary growth. In EDL, there was an increase in the number of capillaries supplying both fast glycolytic and fast oxidative fibers, suggesting that capillary growth precedes fiber type conversion. In TA, the number of capillaries supplying fast oxidative fibers was increased but that to fast glycolytic fibers, was not. This is consistent with capillary growth simultaneous with or following fiber conversion. In both TA and EDL the number of capillaries perfused after contraction was higher in stimulated muscles, suggesting that increased capillary flow contributed to capillary growth. PMID- 6214959 TI - External contingency management for chronic pain: critical review of the evidence. AB - The use of operant conditioning to treat chronic pain has grown rapidly in the past 10 years. It usually occurs in a multidisciplinary inpatient setting with patients for whom nearly everything else has failed. The author reviews the theoretical rationale for this application of contingency management and evaluates the evidence for its efficacy. Although the evidence indicates considerable promise, particularly in improving physical functioning and reducing analgesic use, more definitive conclusions about the role of these methods in treatment of chronic pain are precluded by the methodological limitations of research in this area. PMID- 6214960 TI - Intrapericardial giant lymph node hyperplasia. AB - This report concerns a female patient aged 42 years known to have asymptomatic cardiomegaly for 2 years. She presented 2 weeks before surgery with chest pain radiating to the left arm and face. Angiography revealed a highly vascular mass in the region of the left atrium. Surgery revealed an intrapericardial tumor adherent to both atria. Histologically this proved to be giant lymph node hyperplasia, an unusual example because of its intrapericardial localization. PMID- 6214961 TI - [Experience using balneotherapy in treating cervix erosion]. PMID- 6214962 TI - Coffee worker's allergy. AB - Workers in the coffee industry were investigated. Study I comprised 50 selected cases of whom 25 had work-related symptoms and 25 had not. Prick tests and RAST investigations with different factory dust extracts were performed. Study II was a cross-sectional study comprising 129 workers who were prick-tested with one factory dust extract and with castor bean (CB). More than 40% described occupationally related asthma, rhinitis, conjunctivitis or pruritus, and in about half of these cases sensitization with one or two allergens was found. One allergen comes from coffee beans and is found in the factory dust, mainly where the raw coffee is handled. This allergen is destroyed in the roasting process. The other allergen is identical with the allergen from castor bean and its presumed to enter the plant via the sacks. Predisposing factors to developing sensitization were atopic status, degree and length of exposure, and smoking habits. PMID- 6214963 TI - Affinity partitioning with polymer-bound Cibacron blue F3G-A for rapid, large scale purification of phosphofructokinase from Baker's yeast. PMID- 6214964 TI - Standardized method for the determination of human erythrocyte membrane adenosine triphosphatases. PMID- 6214965 TI - Ultraviolet imaging: a simple method for detecting nucleic acids in preparative gels. PMID- 6214966 TI - A light and electron microscopic study of the leukocytes of channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus). PMID- 6214967 TI - Stress factors can reverse the pinealostimulatory effect of 6-hydroxydopamine on the pineal gland of blossomheaded parakeet (Psittacula cyanocephala). PMID- 6214968 TI - Localization of the motoneurons innervating the forelimb muscles in the spinal cord of the domestic fowl. PMID- 6214969 TI - Ultrastructural studies of the goose embryo liver. PMID- 6214970 TI - Variations in lumbosacral spinal roots in the dog. PMID- 6214971 TI - [Lumbosacral plexus of the dromedary (Camelus dromedarius). I. Descriptive anatomy of the cranial portion]. PMID- 6214972 TI - [Nerves of bovine manus and pes. 1. Nerves of manus]. PMID- 6214973 TI - [Distribution of coronary arteries in the Spanish fighting bull]. PMID- 6214974 TI - [The cell, a fundamental conscious organism even in multicellular formation]. PMID- 6214975 TI - Biochemical polymorphisms in South African freshwater fish. Isoenzyme patterns in fish of the families Cyprinidae and Salmonidae. AB - Isoenzyme patterns were studied in local populations of the carp (Cyprinus carpio) and the bream (Sarotherodon mossambicus) of the Cyprinid family, and in the trout (Salmo giardneri) of the family Salmonidae. Homogenates of heart muscle extracts were used in the identification of PGI, NADP-IDH, PGM and 6-PGD. Polymorphisms found and gene frequencies obtained are discussed separately for each enzyme and species or population. In the bream, variation was found only at the PGI locus. In the carp only the PGM locus was polymorphic whereas both PGM and IDH showed variation in the trout. The variation at the PGM locus in the trout cannot support the three locus model suggested elsewhere and clearly indicates a single locus for the monomeric enzyme. The large variety of NADP-IDH types in trout not only illucidates the complexity of this locus but confirms a disomic mode of inheritance. Genetic differences in the trout populations could be related to possible advantages for management purposes. PMID- 6214976 TI - Electrophoretic analysis of Antarctic fish from South Georgia. AB - White muscle samples of Antarctic fish (Notothenia rossii, N. neglecta, N. gibberifrons and Chaenocephalus aceratus) were subjected to electrophoretic tests. Isoelectric focusing of general muscle proteins provides a quick method of identifying species. Six muscle enzymes were resolved by horizontal starch gel electrophoresis. These are presumed to be the products of ten independent gene loci. Coefficients of genetic distance were calculated and substantially agree with the conventional taxonomy. Levels of genetic variability are within the normal range for marine teleosts. Two polymorphic enzymes. GPI and PGM, might prove useful as 'genetic tags' for stock identification. PMID- 6214977 TI - Alpha-naphthylthiourea (ANTU) protects against hyperoxic depression of pulmonary serotonin uptake. AB - To evaluate whether alpha-naphthylthioura (ANTU) protects against hyperoxic injury to the pulmonary endothelium, we monitored survival and serotonin uptake by the lungs of ANTU-treated rats (5 mg/kg) and Tween 80-treated control rats exposed to 100% O2 or air at 1 atmosphere absolute. Exposure to 100% O2 for 24 h or 48 h significantly depressed serotonin uptake in control rats. Serotonin uptake in ANTU-treated rats compared with that in control rats exposed to air for 24 or 48 h was also significantly depressed. However, serotonin uptake by the lungs of ANTU-treated rats exposed to 100% O2 for 48 h was significantly greater than uptake by control lungs similarly exposed to O2. Nine of 14 ANTU-treated rats were alive after 7 days of exposure to 100% O2, and serotonin uptake by the lungs of survivors had returned to control values (3.29 +/- 0.25). In contrast, only 1 of 14 control rats survived and serotonin uptake was 1.17 in this lone survivor. These results indicate that ANTU injuries pulmonary endothelial cells but protects against subsequently hyperoxic injury. This protection may account for the reduced mortality in ANTU-treated rats exposed to hyperoxia. PMID- 6214978 TI - Respiratory muscle contribution to lactic acidosis in low cardiac output. AB - The role of the respiratory muscles in the evolution of experimental low cardiac output and lactic acidosis was studied in 2 groups of dogs. One group (6 dogs) was paralyzed and artificially ventilated, and the other (6 dogs) was breathing spontaneously. Shock was induced by cardiac tamponade; cardiac output during shock amounted to 25 to 35% of control values in both groups. All the spontaneously breathing dogs died from ventilatory failure (mean time, 2 h), whereas the artificially ventilated dogs were still alive 3 h after the onset of cardiogenic shock. At any given time after the onset of shock, arterial pH was significantly lower in the spontaneously breathing dogs than in the artificially ventilated ones. This was due to a greater increase in arterial blood lactate in the spontaneously breathing dogs than in the artificially ventilated ones (9.47 +/- 2.7 versus 4.74 +/- 56 mmoles/L at 2 h, respectively). Greater glycogen depletion associated with higher muscle lactate concentrations were found in the respiratory muscles of the spontaneously breathing dogs when compared with that in the artificially ventilated ones. It is concluded that artificial ventilation in cardiogenic shock decreases substantially the severity of lactic acidosis and prolongs survival. PMID- 6214979 TI - Effect of sodium oleate on oxidative metabolism of isolated mitochondria and submitochondrial particles. AB - Using conventional polarographic and spectrophotometric methods, the effect of sodium oleate on isolated mitochondria dn submitochondrial particles was analysed. A loose coupling was developed in isolated mitochondria in the presence of about 10 nmoles oleate per mg protein. Oleate stimulates and activity of bovine heart mitochondrial Mg-ATPase, and it was found to be dependent on substrate concentration. Investigation of the membrane potential showed that the delta psi is abolished at high concentration of oleate. The deterioration of the morphological appearance of mitochondria, occurring on addition of oleate, is also described. PMID- 6214980 TI - Spondyloarthropathy associated with hidradenitis suppurative and acne conglobata. AB - We evaluated 10 patients with hidradenitis suppurative or acne conglobata who developed arthritis. In contrast to patients with acne fulminans and arthritis, all our subjects were adults over 22 years of age; nine were black; and four were women. Nine patients had episodic inflammatory oligoarthritis affecting mainly larger joints of the upper and lower extremities. Eight patients had roentgenographic evidence of peripheral arthritis, four with erosions. Nine had clinical axial arthropathy, but roentgenograms showed abnormalities of the axial skeleton in all 10 patients. Pyoderma gangrenosum, erythema nodosum, conjunctivitis, urethritis, and oral and penile ulcers occurred in some patients. Rheumatoid factor was negative in all patients; the erythrocyte sedimentation rate was elevated in nine; five had chronic anemia; four had circulating immune complexes; and complement components were elevated in four. There was no increased incidence of HLA-B27 or other HLA-B7 cross-reacting antigens. A temporal relation of skin and joint disease activity was suggested. We report a spondyloarthropathy associated with hidradenitis suppurativa and acne conglobata. Clinical and laboratory manifestations suggest the arthropathy may be reactive to chronic cutaneous infection. PMID- 6214981 TI - Clavicular hyperostosis and acne arthritis. PMID- 6214982 TI - Theophylline elixir, moxalactam, and a disulfiram reaction. PMID- 6214983 TI - [Skin surface lipids in man. Evaluation and perspectives of research]. PMID- 6214984 TI - Genetic studies on hydatidiform moles. II. The origin of complete moles. AB - An investigation of 50 histologically complete hydatidiform moles was made by examining the molar tissue after termination of pregnancy. Attempts were made to study chromosomes and 11 polymorphic enzymes in the moles and in the blood of the patient and her spouse, although not all studies were possible on every case. Useful information about the origin of the mole was obtained in 28 cases. In no case was there evidence of a maternal contribution and in 14 cases a maternal contribution was definitely excluded. In 27 cases, including the 5 tested who have subsequently required treatment, the mole was homozygous for all genetic markers examined. There were 32 examples, arising in 21 moles, of loci homozygous in the mole where the male parent was known to be heterozygous. There was a single example of a mole heterozygous at one proximal locus (PGM3). The findings are in favour of the doubling of a haploid genome as the most likely origin of the vast majority of complete moles. PMID- 6214985 TI - Moxalactam (LY127935) in treatment of meningitis due to gram-negative bacilli. AB - Moxalactam (LY127935; 6059S), a new broad-spectrum beta-lactam antibiotic, was used successfully with an aminoglycoside in a patient with Serratia marcescens meningitis complicating a neurosurgical procedure. With a bioassay method, peak and trough serum and cerebrospinal; fluid concentrations of moxalactam were determined during therapy. Mean peak and trough serum levels were 100.6 and 35.5 micrograms/ml, respectively. Corresponding mean peak and trough cerebrospinal fluid levels were 12.4 and 10.38 micrograms/ml. Cerebrospinal fluid levels of moxalactam exceeded the minimal bactericidal concentration for the infecting organism by more than 30-fold throughout therapy. No untoward effects of moxalactam were observed. Moxalactam may be a useful agent in the treatment of meningitis due to susceptible gram-negative bacilli. PMID- 6214986 TI - In vitro activity of N-formimidoyl thienamycin, moxalactam, and other new beta lactam agents against Bacteroides fragilis: contribution of beta-lactamase to resistance. AB - N-Formimidoyl thienamycin (N-F-thienamycin) and moxalactam were compared with other currently available and investigational antibiotics against 100 clinical isolates of Bacteroides fragilis by an agar dilution method. N-F-thienamycin was the most active among the beta-lactam agents tested, with a minimal inhibitory concentration for 90% of isolates (MIC90) of 0.25 micrograms/ml. Moxalactam was next in activity, with an MIC90 of 4 micrograms/ml. N-F-thienamycin was somewhat more active, and moxalactam was slightly less active, than metronidazole and clindamycin. An increase in inoculum size caused an increase in the MIC of N-F thienamycin, cefoperazone, and cefotaxime. This inoculum effect could influence the usefulness of these drugs in certain clinical conditions. The minimal bactericidal concentration was less than two times the MIC for most agents and less than four times the MIC for all beta-lactam agents at each inoculum size tested. Investigation of the mechanism of resistance to beta-lactam agents demonstrated a correlation between the level of resistance and beta-lactamase activity in each strain tested. N-F-thienamycin and cefoxitin were not hydrolyzed, and moxalactam was less susceptible to hydrolysis than the other beta lactam antibiotics. Moxalactam and N-F-thienamycin may prove to be useful against infections with B. fragilis. PMID- 6214987 TI - Pharmacokinetics of piperacillin in patients with moderate renal failure and in patients undergoing hemodialysis. AB - The pharmacokinetics of piperacillin administered intravenously were studied in five patients with stable mild to moderate renal impairment and in five patients undergoing hemodialysis. Patients with stable renal failure given 1 g of piperacillin intravenously had peak serum concentrations within 30 min ranging from 78 to 280 micrograms/ml. The mean serum half-life was 3.57 +/- 1.36 h; the mean apparent volume of distribution was 28.6 +/- 13.5 liters/100 kg; and the plasma clearance was 4.10 +/- 1.46 liters/h per 1.73 m2. Neither serum half-life nor clearance correlated with serum creatinine, implying significant nonrenal elimination. Patients undergoing hemodialysis had peak serum concentrations within 30 min of 66 to 138 micrograms/ml after 1 g of piperacillin infused intravenously. During hemodialysis, the serum half-life was 3.6 +/- 2.5 h; the mean apparent volume of distribution was 26.7 +/- 16.7 liters/100 kg; and the plasma clearance was 3.28 +/- 0.76 layers/h per 1.73 m2. Mean hemodialysis clearance was 0.484 +/- 0.282 liters/h per 1.73 m2, and only 10.0 +/- 5.3% of the total dose could be recovered in the dialysate. PMID- 6214988 TI - Comparative pharmacokinetics of cefoperazone and cefamandole. AB - The pharmacokinetics of cefoperazone, a new beta-lactam antibiotic, were studied in normal volunteers and compared with the pharmacokinetics of cefamandole. After a 30-min infusion of 2 g of cefoperazone, the mean serum level was 256 micrograms/ml; at 4 h, the serum level was 20 micrograms/ml, and at 24 h, the level was 1.25 micrograms/ml, compared with levels of cefamandole of 188 micrograms/ml at the end of infusion, 1.8 micrograms/ml at 4 h, and none detected thereafter. The mean half-life of cefoperazone was 1.6 h, compared with 0.7 h for cefamandole. The area under the curve was 356 micrograms/ml per h for cefoperazone, which was three times that for cefamandole. The apparent volume of distribution for cefoperazone was 9.9 liters/1.73 m2 compared with 12.5 liters/1.73 m2 for cefamandole. Serum clearance of cefoperazone was 85 ml/min, and renal clearance was 25 ml/min, compared with a serum clearance of 224 ml/min and a renal clearance of 213 ml/min for cefamandole. Urine levels exceeded 25 micrograms/ml in the first 8 h after injection. Renal recovery of cefoperazone was only 29%. PMID- 6214989 TI - Pharmacokinetics of moxalactam and cefazolin compared in normal volunteers. AB - The pharmacokinetics of moxalactam, a new beta-lactam antibiotic with an unusually broad spectrum of activity, were studied in normal volunteers and compared with the pharmacokinetics of cefazolin. After a 1,000-mg intramuscular injection of moxalactam, a mean peak serum level of 49 +/- 10 micrograms/ml was achieved at 30 to 60 min which was equivalent to the level achieved with 0.5 g of cefazolin. Serum levels of 4.57 +/- 0.63 micrograms/ml, above the inhibitory levels for most organisms, were present at 8 h. The half-life of moxalactam was 2.3 h. After a 30-min intravenous infusion of 1 g, the serum level of moxalactam was 60 +/- 18.8 micrograms/ml. This compares with a serum level of 70 micrograms/ml obtained with an infusion of 0.5 g of cefazolin. At 6 h, 3.59 +/- 0.68 microgram/ml of moxalactam was present. The half-life of moxalactam was 2.3 h, similar to that of cefazolin. By 1 h after administration, serum levels of moxalactam were higher after intramuscular administration than after intravenous delivery. Urinary recovery of the drug was 76% after intramuscular injection and 74% after intravenous infusion, with the majority of the drug having been excreted in the first 4 h after administration. Urinary recovery of cefazolin was 85%. The pharmacokinetics of moxalactam are similar to those of cefazolin. PMID- 6214991 TI - Mezlocillin susceptibility tests by the single-disk agar diffusion method. AB - A regression line for correlating zones of inhibition of a 75-mug mezlocillin disk with minimal inhibitory concentrations of mezlocillin for Enterobacteriaceae and nonfermenters was calculated. Correlation was excellent (r = -0.96) for all species tested except Pseudomonas cepacia. PMID- 6214990 TI - Biliary concentrations of piperacillin in patients undergoing cholecystectomy. AB - Piperacillin is a new semisynthetic, expanded-spectrum penicillin with marked activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The biliary excretion of piperacillin was studied in patients undergoing cholecystectomy. Concentrations of piperacillin in common duct bile at 35 to 90 min postinfusion of 1-g doses ranged from 31 to 920 micrograms/ml, with a mean (+/- standard deviation) of 467 +/- 363 micrograms/ml. Gallbladder piperacillin levels at 30 to 75 min postinfusion ranged from 2.2 to 80 micrograms/ml, with a mean of 27 +/- 31 micrograms/ml. No correlation occurred with peak serum level of antibiotic, creatinine, bilirubin, or alkaline phosphatase. Significant amounts of piperacillin were excreted via the biliary system. PMID- 6214992 TI - Clinical evaluation of the therapeutic efficacy and tolerability of piperacillin. AB - The efficacy and tolerance of parenterally administered piperacillin were evaluated in 50 adult patients hospitalized with systemic and urinary tract infections. Dosage for 46 patients was 4 to 12 g daily and for 4 patients, 16 to 24 g daily; in each case divided doses were given every 4 to 6 h. The duration of treatment for most patients was 5 to 10 days. Of the 50 patients, 45 (90%) were considered cured, and 57 (89%) of the 64 pathogens isolated were eradicated by piperacillin treatment. Side effects, reported by 12 patients, were mild to moderate in degree and consisted of vein irritation, thrombophlebitis, pain at the injection site, and diarrhea, Piperacillin appears to be a highly effective antibiotic for treating infections caused by susceptible gram-positive and gram negative microorganisms. PMID- 6214993 TI - Selective inhibition of functional lymphocyte subpopulations by ribavirin. AB - The present studies were designed to examine the effects of ribavirin (1-beta-D ribofuranosyl-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide), a broad-spectrum antiviral agent, on the generation of murine antibody responses in vitro. Whereas primary and secondary sheep erythrocyte-specific, plaque-forming cell responses by normal murine spleen cells were enhanced by low concentrations of ribavirin (1 microgram per culture), they were strongly inhibited by higher concentrations of ribavirin (5 to 10 micrograms per culture). Both phenomena occurred with the greatest magnitude when spleen cells were exposed to ribavirin 48 to 72 h after culture initiation. Enhancement appeared to result from selective interference with suppressor T cells, since ribavirin failed to augment lipopolysaccharide-specific plaque-forming cell responses in T cell-depleted spleen cell cultures but inhibited concanavalin A-induced lymphocyte proliferation and suppressor T cell generation in cultures of normal spleen cells. The immunosuppressive properties of ribavirin were mediated by a direct antiproliferative effect and, at higher concentrations, a cytotoxic effect for B lymphocytes, since the drug inhibited plaque-forming cell responses in T cell-depleted spleen cell cultures, suppressed lipopolysaccharide-induced lymphocyte proliferation and reduced viable spleen cell recoveries. PMID- 6214994 TI - Activity of cefoperazone against ampicillin-resistant bacteria in agar and broth dilution tests. AB - Examination of the activity of cefoperazone against ampicillin-resistant, gramnegative bacteria in agar dilution and simultaneously in broth dilution revealed that strains could be divided into three classes: class I strains were susceptible in agar (mean minimal inhibitory concentration [MIC], 0.5 mg/liter) as well as in broth dilution (mean MIC, 1.5 mg/liter), class II strains were susceptible in agar (MIC, 0.9 mg/liter), but resistant in broth dilution (MIC, 182 mg/liter); and class III strains were highly resistant in both test systems. Among 100 randomly selected ampicillin-resistant Escherichia coli cultures, 51 belonged to class I and 49 belonged to class II. Class III E. coli strains were much rarer. Similar results were obtained with cefamandole and cephalothin, but not with six other second-and third-generation cephalosporins. MICs of cefoperazone against cultures of all three classes were influenced by initial inoculum size. The inoculum effect was greatest with class II strains. Examination of bactericidal activity by cefoperazone showed killing of class I and class II E. coli strains and of class III strains of other genera during the first hours of incubation and regrowth after the drug was destroyed by the action of TEM beta-lactamase (penicillinase). Representative class I bacteria produced 10 to 100 times less TEM beta-lactamase than did class II strains. It appeared that the quantitative difference in TEM production was the reason for the different resistance phenotypes in class I and class II strains. Salmonella and Klebsiella strains of class III produced the same amounts of TEM beta-lactamase as did class II E. coli strains. Probably, some factors other than beta-lactamase contributed to the class III phenotype in these species. PMID- 6214995 TI - In vitro activity of norfloxacin, a quinolinecarboxylic acid, compared with that of beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, and trimethoprim. AB - Norfloxacin is a quinolinecarboxylic acid compound. We examined the in vitro activity of this compound against gram-positive and -negative species, including anaerobic species. It inhibited 90% (MIC90) of strains of Escherichia coli at 0.05 microgram/ml, Klebsiella sp. at 0.4 microgram/ml, Salmonella and Shigella spp. at 0.1 microgram/ml, Citrobacter sp. at 0.4 microgram/ml, Enterobacter cloacae at 0.2 microgram/ml, Enterobacter aerogenes at 0.4 microgram/ml, and Enterobacter agglomerans at 0.2 microgram/ml. The MICs of Proteus mirabilis, Morganella sp., Proteus vulgaris, Proteus rettgeri, and Providencia sp. were 0.1, 0.2, 0.8, 0.3, and 1.6 micrograms/ml, respectively. The MIC90 of Serratia sp. was 1.6 micrograms/ml, and that of Acinetobacter sp. was 6.3 micrograms/ml. For Pseudomonas aeruginosa the MIC50, the MIC75, and the MIC90 were 0.8, 1.6, and 3.1 micrograms/ml, respectively. The MIC50 of Pseudomonas maltophilia was 3.1 micrograms/ml, and the MIC90 was 12.5 micrograms/ml. Yersinia, Arizona, and Aeromonas all were inhibited at concentrations below 1 microgram/ml, as was Campylobacter. The activity of the compound against gram-positive species was less impressive: the MIC90s of Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus agalactiae, and Streptococcus faecalis were 1.6, 6.3, 3.1, and 12.5 micrograms/ml, respectively. All Listeria strains were inhibited by 3.1 micrograms/ml. The activity of norfloxacine was not affected by the type of medium, pH, or inoculum size. There was no major difference between MIC and minimum bactericidal concentration values. Norfloxacin inhibited bacteria in every species which was resistant to ampicillin, carbenicillin, cephalexin, gentamicin, and trimethoprim at concentrations lower than those of aminothiazolyl cephalosporins, moxalactam, and aminoglycosides. PMID- 6214996 TI - Randomized comparative study of moxalactam and cefazolin in the treatment of acute urinary tract infections in adults. AB - Eighty-nine patients with clinical and laboratory evidence of acute urinary tract infection were randomized to therapy with either moxalactam (500 mg) or cefazolin (1 g) every 12 h. Escherichia coli was the predominant pathogen in both groups (92.6 versus 90.2%). Therapy was continued for 3 days after the patient defervesced. The minimum hospital stay was 5 days. Sequential urine cultures were obtained on day 3, at discharge, and 5 to 10 days after the cessation of therapy. THe average duration of hospital stay was 5.6 days for both groups of patients. THe incidence of recurrent infection was similar in uncomplicated patients (9.1 versus 10%) and in complicated patients with a condition predisposing them to urinary tract infections (43 versus 42%). Moxalactam-treated patients had a higher incidence of reversible hepatic enzyme elevation (36%) and Streptococcus faecalis superinfections (12.2%). Moxalactam is as effective as cefazolin for the elimination of gram-negative pathogens from the urine of patients with acute urinary tract infections, but it is associated with a higher incidence of reversible side effects. PMID- 6214997 TI - Moxalactam pharmacokinetics in children. AB - We measured the serum concentrations of moxalactam in 10 children receiving antibiotic prophylaxis for surgery and in 18 children treated for documented or suspected infections. Moxalactam was administered intravenously at a dose of 50 mg/kg every 8 h. After the first dose in 28 patients, mean moxalactam concentrations 5 min, 30 min, 2 h, and 8 h after infusion were 257, 177, 82.2, and 17.5 micrograms/ml, respectively. The mean half-life (T 1/2) was 2.44 h (range: 0.55 to 7.96 h). The mean distribution volume (VD) was 0.30 liters per kg. No significant accumulation was observed with multiple doses. Prophylactic and therapeutic groups had similar serum levels, T 1/2, and VD. The five infants less than 1 year of age had a lower mean 30-min level (P less than 0.01), larger VD (P less than 0.001) and longer T 1/2 (P less than 0.025) than the children older than 1 year. A dose of 50 mg/kg produced 30-min levels in excess of 64 microgram/ml in all patients studied, but 8-h trough levels were below the minimal inhibitory concentrations breakpoint of 17 mg/ml in 32% of patients. PMID- 6214998 TI - Single- and multiple-dose pharmacokinetics of moxalactam in normal subjects. AB - The pharmacokinetics of moxalactam were studied in 86 normal adult male volunteers who received single or multiple doses intravenously or intramuscularly. The short absorption half-times and lag times indicate that the intramuscular dose is rapidly absorbed. The mean plasma half-life was 1.85 +/- 0.24 h for intravenous doses and 2.24 +/- 0.44 h for intramuscular doses. The mean renal clearances for intravenous doses were 0.052 and 0.067 liters/kg per h for intramuscular doses. Although moxalactam is eliminated primarily by the kidney a chromatogram of the feces from volunteers who received multiple doses showed that it is also excreted as the parent compound in to the feces via the biliary tract. The pharmacokinetics parameters of moxalactam when administered intravenously or intramuscularly in single and multiple doses clearly show the kinetics of moxalactam are linear over the dosage ranges studied and are independent of dose. PMID- 6214999 TI - The use of picture cues to establish self-control in the preparation of complex meals by mentally retarded adults. AB - This investigation examined the effectiveness of picture cues in establishing self-control in the completion of complex meals by mildly and moderately retarded adults. Three participants, who lived in nonsheltered residential settings, were trained to prepare five complex meals. Following a training baseline comprised of pre-instruction, instructional feedback, and trainers' presence, picture recipe cards were introduced in a multiple-baseline fashion. Rapid improvement in the ability of each participant to independently complete each meal when the picture recipe cards were used occurred. A return to baseline for one of the participants demonstrated further self-directed antecedent stimulus control of the picture recipe cards as an effective treatment procedure. A discussion of future areas of research is included. PMID- 6215000 TI - Metabolic alterations in skeletal muscle of chronically streptozotocin-diabetic rats. PMID- 6215001 TI - Receptor properties of corticosteroid binder IB. PMID- 6215002 TI - A new approach to understanding kinetic cooperativity when the hill coefficients are less than 2. PMID- 6215004 TI - Abdominal wall reconstruction. PMID- 6215003 TI - Inhibition of proliferative and suppressor responses in the autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction by serum from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - Serum from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) prevents the proliferative response of normal T cells when stimulated by autologous or allogeneic non-T cells. The abrogation of proliferation in an autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction (AMLR) with SLE serum is associated with a lack of suppressor T cell generation. Fractionation of SLE sera on sucrose gradients reveals an 18 12 S peak of Raji cell binding material. Fractions with an S value of /= 0.96) at all ages, but the less marked elevation of this enzyme in 3- and 4-wk-old pups was not accompanied by an increase in serum T(4). Serum T(3) increased or remained the same between 2 and 3 wk. These results suggested that the 10-fold increase in I 5'D at 2 wk protected the 5-mg-MMI group from tissue hypothyroidism, but that the three- to fivefold increase at 3 and 4 wk could not. Injection of approximately 250 ng T(4)/100 g body weight to 2-wk-old, 20-mg-MMI pups (one-sixth the normal T(4) production rate) led to both a 1.8-ng/g cortical tissue increment in cortical T(3) and a significant increase in AT at 24 h, compared with a 0.38-ng/g cortical tissue T(3) increment and no change in AT in euthyroid controls. The larger increment in T(3) of the 20-mg-MMI pups was due in great part to increased fractional T(4) to T(3) conversion. Although the latter resulted in greater serum T(3) concentrations, three-fourths of the newly formed T(3) in the cortex was generated in situ, and it was blocked by iopanoic acid as was the increase in AT. We conclude that 70-80% of the T(3) in the Cx of the neonatal rat is produced locally. Serum T(4) appears to serve both as a precursor for T(3) and as a critical signal for increases in cortical I 5'D. The increased I 5'D can result in normal or near-normal cerebrocortical T(3) concentrations despite marked reductions in serum T(4). This mechanism seems to be particularly effective around 2 wk of age when many thyroid-hormone-dependent maturational changes occur in the rat Cx. PMID- 6215431 TI - Effectiveness of alternative parent training formats. AB - Alternative formats were compared for training parents of retarded children to teach self-help skills and manage problem behaviors. Sixty-six families with moderately to severely retarded children ages 3-13 were assigned for 3 months to group parent training (n = 37), individual parent training (n = 16), or delayed training control (n = 13). Measures administered before and after training evaluated: (1) parent knowledge of behavior modification, (2) a behavior sample of parent teaching, and (3) child self-help skills and behavior problems. Trained families gained significantly more than control families on parent measures but not on the child self-help skill measure. Group and individually trained families demonstrated almost identical gains. At a 6-month follow-up, group and individually trained families continued to show equal performance. Group training requires about half the professional time per family as individual training, and therefore seems a more cost-effective approach. PMID- 6215430 TI - Drug-antibody-platelet interaction in quinine- and quinidine-induced thrombocytopenia. AB - Binding of quinine- and quinidine-dependent antibodies to platelets was studied using an electroimmunoassay to measure platelet-bound IgG. Antibodies from four patients with drug-induced thrombocytopenia differed significantly in their interaction with platelets: association constants for binding to platelets at high drug concentrations ranged from 0.29 to 2.6 x 10(7) M(-1), the maximum number of antibody molecules bound ranged from 36,000 to 161,000/platelet, the amount of drug necessary to achieve half-maximum binding of antibodies to platelets ranged from 2 to 60 muM, and only one of the antibodies cross-reacted with the stereoisomer of the drug to which the patient was sensitized. Binding of the antibodies to platelets was enhanced at the highest achievable molar ratio of drug:antibody, 10,000:1, rather than being inhibited, as would be expected in a conventional, hapten-dependent reaction. The drug-antibody-platelet reaction was unaffected by Factor VIII/von Willebrand protein, nonspecifically aggregated IgG, or heat-labile complement components. After pretreatment with tritiated quinine, platelets retained several hundred thousand molecules of drug each, but failed to bind detectable amounts of antibody. However, platelets treated simultaneously with quinine-dependent antibody and tritiated quinine retained significantly more drug after repeated washes than platelets treated with drug and normal serum. These findings support the proposition that in quinine- and quinidine-induced thrombocytopenia, drug and antibody combine first in the soluble phase to form a complex, which then binds with high affinity to a receptor on the platelet surface (innocent bystander reaction), and demonstrate that these antibodies are heterogeneous in respect to the amount of drug required to promote their binding to platelets, the number of platelet receptors they recognize, and their binding affinities. PMID- 6215432 TI - Systemic absorption of clindamycin hydrochloride after topical application. AB - Clindamycin has become a highly popular drug for the topical therapy of acne; however, the extent to which it is systemically absorbed from the skin has has not been established. We measured the serum level and urinary excretion of clindamycin on the third day and the twenty-seventh day of therapy in thirteen patients who were applying 1% clindamycin hydrochloride topically for acne. There was no detectable antibiotic in the serum of any subject (less than 0.4 microgram/ml); in contrast, clindamycin was found in the urine of ten of the thirteen patients. There was marked intersubject variation in the urinary excretion of the drug, ranging from less than 10 to 500 micrograms/day. However, there was a highly significant correlation (p less than 0.0001) for a given subject between excretion values on days 3 and 27. There was no correlation between urinary excretion of clindamycin and either racial pigmentation or severity of acne in this relatively small group of patients. After topical application of 1% clindamycin hydrochloride, an average of 4% to 5% of clindamycin appears to be absorbed systemically, but greater amounts are absorbed in some individuals. PMID- 6215433 TI - Comedonal levels of free clindamycin following topical treatment with a 1% solution of clindamycin phosphate. AB - Comedones were extracted from twenty subjects using topical 1% clindamycin phosphate and were assayed for free clindamycin. Positive specimens were obtained from sixteen subjects at 2 weeks and from eighteen at 4 weeks, with levels of 0.06 to 1.49 micrograms/mg. Mean content was 0.39 +/- 0.08 micrograms/mg and 0.6 +/- 0.11 micrograms/mg, respectively. These values closely match levels previously determined following treatment with clindamycin hydrochloride, which may explain how these two esters can be similarly effective therapeutically. Satisfactory cooperation by the participants was likely obtained because their clinical progress paralleled that reported in other studies. Comedonal material reported as negative could very well contain effective levels of clindamycin, since minimum inhibitory concentrations of that antibiotic for most strains of Propionibacterium acnes are far below those detectable by current bioassay methods. PMID- 6215434 TI - Thiothixene drug sensitivity. PMID- 6215435 TI - Perianal comedones associated with chronic topical fluorinated steroid use. PMID- 6215437 TI - Yellow macules appearing during corticosteroid treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus--observations by light and electron microscopy. PMID- 6215436 TI - Experimental drug-induced rash and systemic cutaneous basophil hypersensitivity. PMID- 6215438 TI - Hypomania. PMID- 6215439 TI - The dexamethasone suppression test in mania. AB - The results of the overnight 2 mg Dexamethasone Suppression Test administered to 50 manic patients are reported. Twenty-three (46%) cases showed an absence of normal suppression, results which are similar to those seen in endogenous depression and which differ to those of others who have all reported normal suppression in mania. Suppressors and non-suppressors were not shown to differ in the factors of age, weight, polarity or the rated severity of mood. PMID- 6215440 TI - Lithium ratio and maintenance treatment response. AB - Erythrocyte/plasma lithium ratios were determined in 41 polar manic depressive outpatients maintained on lithium for a mean of 64 months. Sixteen patients experienced affective episodes requiring additional pharmacologic intervention during periods when their plasma lithium averaged 0.7 meq/l or above for at least 3 preceding months and they were on no concurrent medication known to induce depression or mania. These patients considered to be a homogeneous group of non responders to lithium, had a mean lithium ratio of 0.50 (range 0.15-1.16). Seven patients experienced affective symptoms at plasma levels below 0.7 meq/1 and/or while taking concurrent medication known to induce affective symptoms, and therefore could not be categorized clinically as lithium non-responders or responders. Eighteen remaining patients, who had no affective episodes during lithium maintenance, were found to have a mean erythrocyte/plasma ratio of 0.52 (range 0.19-1.05). This latter group of apparent responders should be considered heterogeneous in that it may include spontaneous remitters. The difference in mean ratios between the non-responder group and the apparent responder group was not statistically significant. These findings support the contention that the erythrocyte/plasma lithium ratio does not correlate with response of bipolar outpatients to maintenance lithium. PMID- 6215441 TI - Psychotic features in major depression. Is mood congruence important? AB - We studied outcome and family history in 203 patients with psychotic depression. Patients whose psychotic features were mood-incongruent were significantly younger and had a slightly poorer outcome. Morbid risks for affective disorder and schizophrenia among relatives distinguished these mood-incongruent patients from patients with non-psychotic depression but not from patients with schizophrenia. In contrast, depressive probands with mood-congruent psychotic features resembled probands with non-psychotic depression and differed significantly from schizophrenia probands in terms of family history. While depressed patients with mood-congruent psychotic features experienced poorer short-term outcome relative to non-psychotic depressed patients, a 40-year follow up has shown that these differences disappear over time. Moreover, these two groups are quite similar according to family history data. Both family history and short-term outcome data suggest that major depression with mood-incongruent psychotic features cannot be classified altogether with either affective disorders or schizophrenia. More definite conclusions must await the results of long-term outcome and family studies of these patients presently underway. PMID- 6215442 TI - Membrane biophysical studies of lymphocytes and erythrocytes in manic-depressive illness. AB - Recent research suggests that manic-depressive illness is associated with a membrane abnormality which is detectable in peripheral tissues. Using fluorescence spectroscopy, the cellular membrane dynamics of intact erythrocytes and lymphocytes from manic-depressive patients and controls were studied in a double blind fashion. A cross-sectional analysis of membrane dynamics was obtained by using fluorescent probes with known affinity for specific regions of erythrocyte membranes. This preliminary study demonstrates alterations in the hydrocarbon region of erythrocyte membranes and the cell surface of lymphocytes in patients with manic-depressive illness. These abnormalities appear to be independent of clinical symptomatology and medication. The membrane abnormality demonstrated by fluorescence spectroscopy may provide clues to the molecular pathophysiology in manic-depressive illness, as well as a method of diagnosis in presymptomatic patients. PMID- 6215443 TI - Fluvoxamine and chlorimipramine in endogenous depression. AB - Thirty patients were treated in a randomised double-blind efficacy study of fluvoxamine and chlorimipramine. The dose range for both drugs was 50-300 mg in divided daily doses. Mean daily doses were higher for fluvoxamine than chlorimipramine. Generally the baseline recordings were comparable for both drug groups. Fluvoxamine was superior to chlorimipramine in all the rating scales used without achieving statistical significance. Chlorimipramine, but not fluvoxamine, caused a significant decrease in blood pressure. There were no significant effects on ECG or laboratory variables. There was no significant relationship between plasma levels of either compound or metabolite and clinical response. Chlorimipramine exerted more unwanted effects than fluvoxamine. Autonomic effects of fluvoxamine were minimal in comparison with chlorimipramine. Chlorimipramine patients required more concurrent anxiolytic medication than fluvoxamine. Both drug groups required a significant amount of concurrent hypnotic medication. PMID- 6215445 TI - Glucocorticosteroids in dentistry. PMID- 6215446 TI - Treatment of asthmatic patient. PMID- 6215444 TI - Assessment of the antidepressant activity of dothiepin and its metabolites by preclinical tests. AB - The affinities of dothiepin and its principal metabolites northiaden, dothiepin sulphoxide and northiaden sulphoxide for [3H]imipramine binding sites in the rat cortical homogenates, and for [3H]spiperone and [3H]serotonin receptor sites in preparations from the rat frontal cortex and hippocampus were studied. As inhibitors of [3H]imipramine binding, the strengths of the drugs are, in terms of their IC50 (concentration corresponding to 50% inhibition): dothiepin 2.8 X 10( 6) M, northiaden 5.0 X 10(-6) M, northiaden sulphoxide 4.0 X 10(-5) M and dothiepin sulphoxide 3.2 X 10(-5) M. The potencies of the drugs in inhibiting serotonergic binding followed a similar trend. Using frontal cortical tissue suspensions and [3H]spiperone, the IC50 values were determined to be: dothiepin 4.2 X 10(-6) M, northiaden 5.0 X 10(-6) M, northiaden sulphoxide 1.6 X 10(-4) M and dothiepin sulphoxide 1.6 X 10(-4) M; whereas in hippocampal suspensions and using [3H]serotonin, the IC50 values were 2.5 X 10(-6) M, northiaden 4.0 X 10(-5) M, dothiepin sulphoxide 2.5 X 10(-4) M and northiaden sulphoxide greater than 10( 3) M. The influence of the drugs on the uptake of [14C]serotonin into human platelets was also investigated. All had an inhibitory effect upon the uptake, the order of potency being dothiepin greater than northiaden greater than northiaden sulphoxide greater than dothiepin sulphoxide. Plots of 1/v versus 1/s showed that the inhibition was competitive for all four compounds. PMID- 6215447 TI - Microcalorimetry as an immunological tool: preliminary studies with beef heart mitochondrial adenosine triphosphatase and its antiserum. AB - The calorimetric technique was applied to a complex immunological system based upon purified beef heart mitochondrial adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase). Whole serum containing antibodies to the ATPase was obtained from a rabbit and used to study the antigen-antiserum interaction in comparison with control serum pooled from 50 non-immune rabbits. The results suggest that the immunological interaction may be accompanied by complex processes which were not detectable by other immunological methods. It was shown that kinetic analysis of the calorimetric data may resolve an apparently complex process of interaction into different component stages of reaction. The advantages of this type of application of calorimetry are discussed. PMID- 6215449 TI - Traumatic hernias. PMID- 6215448 TI - Effect of the immune modulators BM 12.531 (azimexone) and BM 41.332 on the subsets of T-lymphocytes in mice. AB - The immunomodulating 2-cyanaziridine derivatives BM 12.531 (azimexone) and BM 41.332 have no effects on the total amount of T-lymphocytes in the spleen of mice but increase dose-dependently the percentage of Ly1-, 2+, 3+ T-lymphocytes (killer/suppressor) and decrease the percentage of Ly1+, 2-, (helper) cells. These investigations were carried out by means of specific monoclonal antibodies and fluorescence-activated cell sorting. The increase in Ly2+-cells is mainly due to increased suppressor activity. PMID- 6215450 TI - Cell-mediated immunity in untreated and PUVA treated atopic dermatitis. AB - In 22 adult patients with atopic dermatitis, lymphocyte subpopulation counts, mitogenic responses to several PHA and Con A concentrations, nonspecific mitogen induced, and indomethacin sensitive suppressor cell functions and leukocyte migration inhibitory factor production were investigated. Patients with severe atopic dermatitis had normal PHA and Con A responses, although somewhat lower than matched controls, while mild AD patients equalled controls in this respect. No significant differences between AD patients and controls were detected with respect to lymphocyte subpopulations, suppressor cell function or leukocyte migration inhibitory factor production. Methoxalen plus ultraviolet light (PUVA) therapy induced significant clinical improvement in 9 out of 10 treated patients. A concomitant decrease of the mitogenic responses and increase of the Con A induced nonspecific suppressor cell activity was recorded, while other immunological parameters remained unaffected by the therapy. Thus PUVA therapy induces both local clinical and systemic immunological manifestations. The possibility that the observed immunological changes would be operative in the PUVA induced healing process, however, seems unlikely, as the present study did not disclose any obvious relationship between immune parameters and severity of atopic dermatitis. PMID- 6215451 TI - Epidermal Langerhans cell involvement in cutaneous lupus erythematosus. AB - Epidermal Langerhans cells (LCs) possess surface markers and functional attributes which identify them as being of macrophage/monocyte lineage, and recent evidence documents their participation in certain immune process which occur in skin. To assess the role of LCs in lupus erythematosus (LE), a disease in which immune system dysfunction predominates, human epidermis from patients with cutaneous LE was studied with 3 LC surface markers: ATPase activity, HLA-DR and OKT-6 antigens. Suction blister top epidermal skin biopsies from patients with 3 clinical types of cutaneous LE exhibited similar features: LCs were less dendritic, they were more irregularly distributed, and they were present in fewer numbers when compared with those in adjacent normal skin. These changes contrasted with those observed in diseases with similar lichenoid histopathological features. LCs appeared increased in number in lichen planus. LCs in skin lesions from one patient with dermatomyositis exhibited similar morphologic alterations, but surface densities and distributions were preserved. Disaggregated epidermal cells from skin lesions of patients with cutaneous LE induced allogeneic lymphocyte proliferation as efficiently as did cells from nonlesional skin, indicating that the morphologic alterations observed were not associated with a decreased alloantigen presenting capacity. These studies have demonstrated that epidermal LC populations in 3 clinical types of cutaneous LE are perturbed in a manner not seen in 2 other lichenoid skin diseases, although these changes were not associated with an altered capacity of such cells to stimulate proliferation by allogeneic lymphocytes. PMID- 6215452 TI - Differential distribution of Langerhans cells in organ culture of human skin. AB - Epidermal Langerhans cells (LCs) function as the antigen-presenting cells in such cutaneous cell-mediated immune responses as contact hypersensitivity and in the mixed epidermal cell-lymphocyte reaction. They have also been implicated in the immune response in skin allograft rejection. Since organ culture of thyroid and pancreas has been shown to prolong allograft survival, presumably through the loss of antigen-presenting cells, we examined the effect of skin explant culture on LC survival. Human skin explants were placed in organ culture and examined serially as whole mounts of epidermis for the presence of LCs as judged by ATPase activity, and OKT-6 and HLA-DR antigens. Although we observed morphologic changes and an absolute reduction in the number of positively stained cells, culture for up to 28 days failed to deplete explants of these cells. Langerhans cells were also sought in the epidermal outgrowths that develop peripheral to the original explants. They were never seen in the area beyond 0.3 mm from the explant edge. Organ culture of skin thus provides a means to explore the contribution of LCs to skin allograft rejection by comparing the immunogenicity of epidermal portions of the explant with the epidermal outgrowth. PMID- 6215453 TI - [Study on T cells bearing Fc receptor for IgG in the patients with cancer of digestive organ]. PMID- 6215454 TI - [Immunological study of cryosurgery. Animal experiment II: evidence of proliferation of suppressor T cells four days after cryosurgery in murine syngeneic tumor system]. PMID- 6215455 TI - Sensitivity to penicillin, thiamphenicol, kanamycin, cefoxitin and spectinomycin of penicillinase-producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae (PPNG) in Bangkok. Relation to the results of treatment. PMID- 6215456 TI - I-J-restricted interactions in the generation of azobenzenearsonate-specific suppressor T cells. AB - The genetic restrictions of the activation of third-order suppressor cells (Ts3) were studied in mice, using two different types of anti-azobenzenearsonate (ABA) immune responses, namely delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) and cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) generation. Ts2 cells were induced in several different strains of mice by injecting monoclonal T hybridoma molecules or first-order suppressor factors (TsF1) originating in A/J (H-2a, Igh-1e) mice and then testing the TsF2 molecules derived from these Ts2 in A/J and A.By (H-2b, Igh-1e) or (A/J X A.By)F1 (H-2a/b, Igh-1e) and (C57Bl/6 X A/J)F1 (H-2b/a, Igh-1e) mice. It was shown that the activity of TsF2 was restricted to the I-J of the strain in which Ts2 was induced. By genetic analysis, restriction was shown to be due to the requirement of H-2 identity between ABA-coupled cells used for Ts3 activation and the strain of the TsF2 origin. Moreover, by using H-2-congenic ABA-coupled cells, we were also able to precisely map and demonstrate that ABA-coupled cells I-J identical to TsF2 induced in various strains were necessary for effective suppression to occur. This selective activation of Ts3 suggested the existence of I-J-related antigen presentation for suppression as the counterpart of I-A or I-A-I-E restricted antigen presentation for positive immune responses. PMID- 6215457 TI - Suppressor T cells activated in a primary in vitro response to non-major histocompatibility alloantigens. AB - Normal mouse spleen cells are not capable of mounting a primary cytotoxic T lymphocyte (Tc) response to non-H-2 alloantigens in vitro, although a good secondary H-2-restricted response is observable after in vivo immunization of the responder animals. Suppressor cells are generated in such a primary responses provided a Mls incompatibility exists between the responder and stimulator. These suppressors are not antigen specific, are Thy-1+, Lyt-1+, 2-, I-J-, and are highly radiosensitive. The suppressor cell precursors in normal spleen express the same phenotype. These suppressor cells are probably implicated in the lack of a primary Tc response in a primary mixed lymphocyte reaction across non-H-2 incompatibilities that include an Mls difference. PMID- 6215459 TI - Allocation of cognitive processing capacity during human autonomic classical conditioning. AB - In each of two experiments, allocation of cognitive processing capacity was measured in college-student subjects during autonomic discrimination classical conditioning. A 7.0-sec delay paradigm was used to establish classically conditioned responses to a reinforced visual conditioned stimulus (CS+). Electrodermal responses were the primary measures of autonomic classical conditioning. Allocation of processing capacity was measured by monitoring performance on a secondary reaction-time (RT) task. The auditory secondary-task RT signal was presented before, and 300, 500, 3500, 6500, and 7500 msec following CS onset. The RT signal was also presented following properly and improperly cued shock unconditioned stimuli (UCSs). Significant discrimination classical conditioning was obtained in both experiments. Comparison with control subjects who did not receive the RT signals indicated that the presence of the RT signals did not interfere with the development of classical conditioning. Four principal findings were obtained with the secondary-task RT measure. First, RTs to signals presented during CS+ were consistently slower than RTs to signals presented during CS-. This finding indicates that greater capacity allocation occurred during CS+ than CS- and is consistent with recent cognitive interpretations of classical conditioning. Second, the largest capacity allocation (i.e., slowing of RTs) occurred 300 msec following CS+ onset. This finding is consistent with the notion that subjects are actively processing the signal properties of the CS+ at 300 msec following CS+ onset. Third, presentation of the UCS when improperly cued (following CS-) significantly increased capacity allocation, whereas presentation of the same UCS when properly cued (following CS+) did not affect capacity allocation. These findings indicate that subjects were actively prepared for the UCS following CS+ but not following CS- and that a surprising UCS elicits greater capacity allocation than does an expected UCS. Fourth, large electrodermal responders to the CSs exhibited patterns of capacity allocation during the CSs, particularly during the CS+, different from those of small electrodermal responders. In particular, they exhibited significantly longer RTs at 300 msec after CS+ onset than did the small responders, followed by a shortening of RT at 500 msec relative to the small responders. This finding suggests that large electrodermal responders devote greater processing capacity to significant environmental stimuli than do small responders and that their processing may begin and be completed more rapidly. All in all, the data indicate the complexity of the cognitive processes that occur during human classical conditioning and the usefulness of the secondary-task technique in integrating conditioning theories and psychophysiology with cognitive psychology. PMID- 6215458 TI - Mechanism responsible for the induction of I-J restriction on TS3 suppressor cells. AB - The mechanisms responsible for the induction of I-J restrictions on third-order suppressor T cells (TS3) were analyzed. The I-J phenotype of the antigen-coupled cells used for priming restricted the specificity of the TS3 population. Thus, TS3 cells were only generated after priming with antigen-coupled I-J homologous cells. Identity at the I-JM (and I-E) subregions was sufficient for TS3 induction. Furthermore, priming of H-2 heterozygous mice with antigen-coupled parental cells generated TS3 that were restricted to the parental haplotype used for priming. The splenic cell population responsible for antigen presentation and induction of TS3 cells was fractionated. The cells involved in antigen presentation were found in the splenic adherent population and were absent in the fraction containing splenic nonadherent T and B cells. The subsequent activation and interaction of TS3 cells is also restricted by genes in the H-2 complex. The results are discussed in terms of a general mechanism responsible for the induction of restrictions in T helper and TS3 cells. PMID- 6215460 TI - The moon illusion: I. How high is the sky? AB - The most common explanations of the moon illusion assume that the moon is seen at a specific distance in the sky, which is perceived as a definite surface. A decrease in the apparent distance to the sky with increasing elevation presumably leads to a corresponding decrease in apparent size. In Experiment 1 observers (N = 24) gave magnitude estimates of the distance to the night sky at different elevations. The results did not support the flattened-dome hypothesis. In Experiment 2 observers (N = 20) gave magnitude estimates of the distance to the sky at points around a 360 degrees circle just above the horizon. The results were consistent with those of Experiment 1, and in addition, estimates were highly correlated with the physical distances of buildings at the horizon. In a third, control experiment, observers (N = 20) gave magnitude estimates of the distances of buildings at the horizon. A power function fit the relation between estimated and physical distance (exponent = 1.17) as well as the relation between estimates of the sky points above the buildings (Experiment 2) and estimates of building distances (exponent = .46). Taken together, the results disconfirm all theories that attribute the moon illusion to a "sky illusion" of the sort exemplified by the flattened-dome hypothesis. PMID- 6215461 TI - The moon illusion: II. A reference theory. AB - The present theory provides explanations for the moon illusion and related issues involving size and distance perception in natural, outdoor settings. Although some assumptions of previous theories are rejected, other pivotal aspects are retained in this formulation. In particular, the present theory states that both the sky and ground are important referents in judging the spatial extent of the moon. Neither factor alone can account for all the available data, but quantitative models incorporating both factors do quite well when applied to the parametric findings of Holway and Boring, as well as to the results obtained by Kaufman and Rock. The reference theory and its associated class of specific models suggest new theoretical directions and experimental tests to narrow yet further the selection of appropriate explanations for one of visual perception's oldest unsolved puzzles. PMID- 6215462 TI - Visual memory and stimulus repetition effects. AB - Recent investigations of memory for randomly configured patterns indicate that visual memory can involve distinct short-term and long-term components. The appearance of a visual recency effect that is confined to the last-presented item is believed to result from the active visualization of this item during the retention interval. Studies of the retention of familiar visual information have also suggested that the short-term effects observed are a result of active visualization. In a review of these studies, however, we argue that the effects obtained with familiar visual information are not necessarily a result of active visualization and, indeed, may not involve anything other than long-term visual memory. For example, Rabbitt and Vyas (1979) observed a visual recency effect in a serial choice reaction time task involving familiar information. That this recency effect was confined to the final item accords with the results obtained with unfamiliar visual information. However, this choice reaction time task did not require subjects to remember previous stimuli, so it is unlikely that they actively visualized them. With the case for a distinct short-term visual memory currently resting on the recency effect interpreted as reflecting a process of active visualization, this result is especially important. In the second part of the present paper, we report a series of experiments that provides an understanding of the visual recency effect in the serial choice reaction time task. We conclude from these studies that this effect is not due to visualization or to a visual trace either decaying or being overwritten by a succeeding stimulus. PMID- 6215463 TI - Can automatic picture processing influence word judgments? AB - Two experiments were undertaken in order to evaluate the influence of automatic semantic processing of pictures on word judgments. In both studies, picture-word analogs of the Stroop task were employed. In Experiment 1, subjects were required to make a semantic category judgment about the word; in Experiment 2, they were simply to respond yes or no to whether the word was DOG. Taken together, the results of these experiments indicated that (a) perceptual factors such as lateral masking influence responding in these types of tasks and their contributions must be partialed out from the effects of semantic factors, (b) picture processing can facilitate word processing but only in a restricted set of circumstances, and (c) background pictures incompatible with the correct response can interfere with word judgments. The facilitation observed was attributed to the effects automatic picture processing has on an initial input process, while the interference appears to arise at a response selection and execution stage. Further, the results suggest that the semantic nature of automatic picture processing is at least somewhat different from that of automatic word processing. PMID- 6215464 TI - Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty--a case report. PMID- 6215465 TI - Control of soleus motoneuron excitability during muscle stretch in man. AB - The relative contributions of intramuscular and extramuscular receptors to changes in the reflex excitability of soleus motoneurons, following muscle stretch, have been studied in man. It was found that reflex excitability was decreased by muscle stretch. The extent of the decrease was related to the amount of stretch, irrespective of whether the latter was produced by dorsiflexion of the ankle or by depression of the Achilles tendon with the ankle joint fixed. The results were unaffected by anaesthesia of the skin. It would appear that neither joint receptors nor cutaneous mechanoreceptors contribute significantly to the decrease in reflex excitability during ankle dorsiflexion and that the intramuscular receptors are mainly responsible for the effects observed. PMID- 6215466 TI - Truncal ataxia in chronic anticonvulsant treatment. Association with drug-induced folate deficiency. AB - The association of truncal ataxia with a number of different factors has been studied in a group of 95 epileptic outpatients on chronic anticonvulsant treatment. The 28 patients showing truncal ataxia had been epileptic for a longer period of time, received a significantly larger number of drugs, and had higher serum levels of phenobarbital than the non-ataxic group. Serum folate levels were significantly lower in the ataxic group. A role is postulated for anticonvulsant induced folate deficiency in the appearance of truncal ataxia presenting after prolonged anti-convulsant therapy, either by increasing the serum levels of the anticonvulsants or through other, unknown mechanisms. The presence of tonic clonic seizures, presumably associated with brain anoxia, was not associated with the appearance of truncal ataxia. PMID- 6215468 TI - Theoretical and experimental analysis of the single-coil pulsed-NMR method for measuring fluid flow. AB - A theoretical and experimental analysis of the application of pulsed proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) to the measurement of fluid flow has been made. Calculations of the detector signal line shapes, S(t), for a single-coil NMR laboratory experiment, were performed using a computer to identify the optimum choice of flow signature. The theoretical model included the influence of coil field shape, coil length, and effects of flow phase. High flow rates, typical of arterial blood flow, were simulated. Good correlation between theory and experiment was observed. The maximum amplitude of the slope of the signal [dS(t)/dt] was found to be the optimum flow signature. The line shape S(t) was found to depend on flow phase. Comparison between theory and experiment provided a better understanding of the potential of NMR for measuring fluid or blood flow. PMID- 6215467 TI - Triethyl tin-induced myelin oedema: an intermediate swelling state detected by X ray diffraction. AB - X-ray diffraction was used to probe the effects of triethyl tin (TET) on the periodicity and amount of membrane disorientation in the lamellar myelin from respiring optic and sciatic nerves in vitro as well as from nerves of rats treated in vivo through their drinking water. The diffraction patterns show that in vitro TET at concentrations of 4-100 microM affects C.N.S. but not P.N.S. myelin structure. A planar, concentric membrane array with a 200 A period is detected in the C.N.S.; this ordered, swollen myelin contrasts with the vacuolar and vesicular structure seen in thin-sections in TET-induced oedema. No effects of short-term in vivo treatment with TET are observed in either the C.N.S. or P.N.S. The finding that carbonic anhydrase (CA) inhibitors have no effect on the TET-induced structural changes indicates that the swelling we observe is not related to a CA-dependent process. In comparison, the TET effect is prevented by replacing the mobile ions with isotonic sucrose. We conclude that TET-induced swelling in C.N.S. myelin arises from an increase in ion transport followed by obligatory fluid movement. Further, the ordered, swollen structure we detect may be an intermediate state that exists transiently in vivo in TET intoxication and that precedes the gross swelling and vacuolization usually observed. PMID- 6215469 TI - NMR measurements and flow. PMID- 6215470 TI - The available niacin values of foods for rats and their relation to analytical values. AB - A bioassay for niacin was developed using weight gain or "gain/food eaten" of young rats as the response measure. The best basal diet contained casein 70 and gelatin 65.5 g/kg together with supplementary tryptophan to a total of 0.97 g/kg and other amino acids to meet requirements. After a 4-day depletion period, rats gained ca. 1 g/day over the next 20 days on the basal diet alone, or ca. 7 g/day and 12 mg/kg added nicotinic acid. Test foods were added at two levels with diets adjusted to keep constant amino acid composition. The results were compared with chemical analyses for total niacin (i.e., in extracts prepared from samples digested with alkali) and for free niacin (using extracts made at neutral pH) with separation of nicotinic acid and nicotinamide on thin-layer chromatograms or Sephadex columns. Eight samples of mature cooked cereals, with their niacin largely in bound forms, gave rat assay values equivalent to ca. 35% of their total niacin content. Alkali-cooked tortilas, steamed sweet corn, beans and liver, with their niacin all in free form, gave assay values close to their total niacin content. Baked potatoes and peanut flour were intermediate in both respects. PMID- 6215471 TI - Mechanical properties of the copper-deficient rat heart. AB - Copper deficiency is known to induce cardiac hypertrophy, cardiac morphologic lesions and altered electrocardiograms. These findings suggest that copper deficiency may also influence the mechanical properties of the myocardium. In the present study, weanling albino rats were fed a copper-deficient (-Cu) diet and compared to rats fed the same diet but with copper supplementation in the drinking water (+Cu). Rats were studied during a 1-week period following 4.5-5.5 weeks of treatment. When compared to +Cu rats, the -Cu rats exhibited characteristic signs of copper deficiency, such as reduced body weight, hypoceruloplasminemia, depressed hematocrit, low copper and elevated iron concentration in the liver. The -Cu rats also exhibited cardiac hypertrophy and both a dilution and depletion of left ventricular norepinephrine. Hearts were perfused and paced at both 27 degrees and 37 degrees. When compared to hearts from +Cu rats, the -Cu hearts: 1) had lower spontaneous heart rates, 2) had decreased coronary resistance, 3) gained significant weight during perfusion, 4) consumed more oxygen per unit pressure developed, and 5) developed less systolic pressure with a reduced rate of pressure development. However, the time to peak pressure development, one-halt relaxation time, and refractory period were not affected. The altered characteristics of the copper-deficient myocardium may be due to changes in the elastic properties of the muscle, aberrant energy metabolism or norepinephrine depletion. PMID- 6215472 TI - Effect of L-tryptophan and L-leucine on biosynthesis of niacin-related compounds in Saccharomyces carlsbergensis. AB - As a model system for investigating the mechanism of the hepatic NAD-lowering effect of leucine in rats, aerobically grown Saccharomyces carlsbergensis was used in this paper. Tryptophan supplementation of the medium doubled total niacin production by S. carlsbergensis. This elevation in total niacin was mainly due to increases in niacin (14 times) and niacinamide nucleotides (2 times). Among nucleotides, the NAD level doubled whereas NADH, NADP and NADPH levels dropped significantly. Simultaneous supplementation of the medium with leucine suppressed the elevation in total and free niacin levels. In the presence of tryptophan, approximately 50% of the total niacin was secreted in the medium in the form of free niacin, while in the presence of both tryptophan and leucine most of the total niacin remained in the cell. The specific activity of quinolinate phosphoribosyltransferase [EC 2.4.2.19] was not affected by supplementation of the medium with tryptophan and/or leucine. In contrast, the specific activity of nicotinamide deamidase [EC 3.5.1.19] increased fivefold in the presence of tryptophan. Simultaneous supplementation of the medium with leucine tryptophan. Simultaneous supplementation of the medium with leucine suppressed the increase in nicotinamide deamidase. Cellular incorporation of tryptophan was not affected by leucine simultaneously added as a supplement to the medium. Leucine did not have any inhibitory effect on total niacin synthesis from 3-hydroxyanthranilate. From the results, a possible mechanism for the inhibitory effect of leucine on the tryptophan-NAD pathway was discussed. PMID- 6215473 TI - The gypsy moth caterpillar: a significant new occupational and public health problem. AB - Seventeen workers in a laboratory where research with the gypsy moth was being performed were subjected to a questionnaire and to skin tests in an attempt to clarify the extent of allergy-like reactions in these workers. Ten of 17 reported dermatologic and/or pulmonary reactions associated with exposure to the caterpillar. Of the subjects with reactions, seven (70%) had reactions to allergens in the past. When all the workers were skin tested with various extracts, there was a strong relationship between reactions to the skin tests and clinical symptoms. The documentation of this problem helps to explain the outbreak of cutaneous reactions seen in the general population during the massive gypsy moth outbreak in spring 1981 in the Northeast. PMID- 6215474 TI - Mortality among miners receiving workmen's compensation for silicosis in Ontario: 1940-1975. AB - We investigated mortality among 1,190 Ontario miners who received Workmen's Compensation awards for silicosis from 1940 through 1975. In comparison with the general population of Ontario these men had elevated all-cause mortality rates, with deaths attributed to nonmalignant respiratory diseases and tuberculosis being primarily responsible. The group of miners receiving their compensation awards between 1940 and 1959 has experienced more than twice as many lung cancer deaths as expected while men receiving compensation awards after 1959 have had lung cancer rates similar to the general population. It is concluded that silicosis is not a benign disease and that efforts must be continued to prevent its occurrence. PMID- 6215475 TI - Hyperplasia of the carotid body. AB - The histopathology of hyperplasia of the carotid bodies was studied in 6 cases of hypoxaemia and right ventricular hypertrophy secondary to pan-acinar emphysema, and in five cases of systemic hypertension with left ventricular hypertrophy. The features of the hyperplasia were the same in the two groups. There was proliferation of sustentacular (type II) cells and compression of central cores of chief (type I) cells. It is speculated that the hyperplasia of sustentacular cells is associated in some way with the prevention of retention of sodium ions and water which characterises hypoxic cor pulmonale in "blue bloaters", systemic hypertension, and ascent to high altitude with the complications of acute mountain sickness, and pulmonary and cerebral oedema. PMID- 6215476 TI - Brucella canis infection in a 17-month-old child successfully treated with moxalactam. PMID- 6215477 TI - Erthrocyte glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency: precautions for dental treatment. PMID- 6215478 TI - Prediction of renal tubular secretion of tetraethylammonium bromide by use of endogenous N1-methylnicotinamide in the rat. AB - The renal secretion of an endogenous N1-methylnicotinamide (NMN) and its use fullness as an index of the renal secretion clearance of tetraethylammonium bromide (TEA), a representative organic cationic drug, was examined in the rats treated with folic acid, glycerol and uranyl nitrate, respectively. There was a statistically significant correlation between the renal secretion clearance of TEA and that of NMN in the intact and acute renal failure rats (r = 0.969, p less than 0.001). It was suggested that the renal secretion clearance of the endogenous NMN could be used as an index to assess the renal tubular function for the secretion of organic cationic drugs like TEA. PMID- 6215479 TI - [Pharmaceutical studies on hydrates of AM-715. Physical characteristics and intestinal absorption]. PMID- 6215480 TI - ATPase-associated oligomycin resistance in Acanthamoeba castellanii. AB - The multiplication rate of "wild-type" (WT) populations of Acanthamoeba castellanii was inhibited 50% by approximately 3 microgram oligomycin/ml; OliR2, an oligomycin resistant cell line, required approximately 27 microgram/ml for the same inhibition. ATPase solubilized from OliR2 mitochondrial fractions required 3 -10-fold higher concentrations of oligomycin than did identical WT fractions to achieve 50% inhibition of activity. Resistance was correlated with altered mitochondrial ATPase sensitivity to oligomycin. PMID- 6215481 TI - [Radiological findings in the iliolumbar syndrome]. AB - Radiological and clinical findings were compared in 440 patients with the iliolumbar syndrome, a frequently observed but often unrecognized affection. Anatomical and clinical features relating to the iliolumbar ligament, this illustrious unknown part of the body, are discussed, together with the pain syndromes that arise from it and which are often dissimulated under more familiar terms such as lumbosciatica, too frequently employed as an alibi. Original data concerning the radiological appearances in patients with this syndrome are presented. PMID- 6215482 TI - Diagnosis and prognosis of low back pain in three countries. AB - The diagnostic pointers which doctors use as discriminating factors in the prognosis of males aged 15 to 45 with low back pain were examined in Britain, Holland and Israel. The most frequent prognostic indicators common to all these countries were a past history of similar trouble and the duration of symptoms. Less commonly used indicators suggest differences in diagnostic behaviour between the countries. PMID- 6215483 TI - Sex-dependent induction of human suppressor T cells by chorionic gonadotropin. AB - Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) in physiological retroplacental concentration has been shown to induce human female lymphocytes which suppress the proliferation and differentiation of B cells stimulated by purified protein derivative of tuberculin. To test whether the hCG-induced suppression was sex dependent parallel experiments using female and male peripheral lymphocytes were performed. hCG did not induce cells capable of suppressing purified protein derivative induced B cell proliferation in lymphocytes from males, which was in contrast to lymphocytes from females where a statistically significant suppression was found. A similar hCG-induced suppressive effect was found before menarche, after the menopause and in two patients with Turner's syndrome, suggesting that a gene(s) on the Y chromosome exerts a regulatory function and thus prevents the hormone from inducing suppressor T cells. PMID- 6215484 TI - The response of the pregnant ewe to challenge with foetal and paternal lymphocytes. AB - The efferent lymph from the popliteal lymph nodes of pregnant ewes challenged between 93 and 127 days with specific paternal or foetal lymphocytes was examined. There was an increased efflux of lymphocytes and blast cells from the challenged node, similar to that observed during the response of normal, non pregnant ewes to allogeneic cells. Additionally, there was a decrease in the mixed lymphocyte and mitogen responsiveness of the efferent lymphatic cells that was comparable with that evoked by challenge of non-pregnant sheep. While cytotoxic cells could not be detected in the lymph after challenge of normal or pregnant animals, specific cytotoxic antibody was invariably produced in both instances. The present observations that the immune responsiveness of the pregnant ewe to foetal lymphocytes remains normal are consistent with an earlier report on the antifoetal reactivity of maternal cells in vitro. It is inferred that the in vitro reactivity of maternal lymphocytes was a valid reflection of the capacity of these cells in the intact ewe. PMID- 6215485 TI - The response of the foetal lamb to maternal lymphocytes. AB - Foetal lambs were inoculated with either maternal or third-party lymphocytes. Of foetuses transfused in the first half of pregnancy (from 49 to 73 days), one quarter survived until the fifth month. Examination of the immunological reactivity of these survivors revealed that all rejected skin grafts from the lymphocyte donors and manifested normal mixed lymphocyte reactivity. In two instances, responsiveness of the transfused lambs to normal lymphocyte transfer was reduced. Foetal lambs transfused with large numbers of maternal lymphocytes in the last third of pregnancy could survive provided the donor ewe had not been sensitized against foetal or paternal determinants. Following intravenous challenge with maternal lymphocytes, cells collected over a prolonged period from the thoracic duct of the foetal recipient exhibited depression of anti-maternal reactivity in mixed lymphocyte culture. PMID- 6215486 TI - Polymyalgia rheumatica and giant cell arteritis: circulating immune complexes. AB - Circulating immune complexes (CIC) were detected in a large population of patients with polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) alone, PMR-giant cell arteritis (GCA), and GCA alone. CIC were found in the majority of patients studied. A direct correlation was observed between levels of CIC material and the erythrocyte sedimentation rate. The presence of immune complexes in the sera of patients with these disorders do not have diagnostic significance but may play an important role in their pathogenesis. PMID- 6215487 TI - Longitudinal study of the presence of hidden 19S IgM rheumatoid factor in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Complement-fixing hidden 19S IgM rheumatoid factor (RF), i.e., 19S IgM RF that can be detected in the IgM-containing fraction by the hemolytic assay after separation of the serum by acid gel filtration, was evaluated serially (3 or more evaluations) over a 4-year period in 26 children with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) correlating its presence with disease activity. Six children with continually active disease had consistently elevated hidden RF titers (26 evaluations), and the titers of 4 children with inactive disease remained insignificant (12 evaluations). Sixteen children had disease with variable activity over this period. Of these, 11 (43 evaluations) demonstrated positive correlation between disease activity and hidden RF titers. Five patients (8/20 evaluations) did not show correlation of disease activity with hidden RF titers. Thus, the presence of hidden RF correlated with disease activity in 93 of 101 evaluations. When hidden RF titers and the erythrocyte sedimentation rate were determined simultaneously on 40 occasions, the presence of hidden 19S IgM RF correlated significantly better (p less than 0.001) with disease activity. PMID- 6215488 TI - Recent findings from the 1970 child health and education study: preliminary communication. AB - The progress is described of the longtudinal cohort study based on all children born in England, Scotland and Wales in one week of April 1970. The children and their mothers have been surveyed at birth, at five, and recently, at ten. Analyses of the data presented include the finding of improved intellectual outcome in children who had been immunized against pertussis, compared with poor intellectual outcome in children who had had hospital admissions for the disease itself. Preliminary data collected at 10 show that routine hearing and vision testing during the child's school life fell short of recommended standards. The major aim of the 10-year-old contact, however, is to establish details of the national prevalence and pathogenesis of disability. The identification of disability uses a life skills questionnaire, medical history and examination. PMID- 6215489 TI - Speech technology--implications for biomedical engineering. PMID- 6215490 TI - Defective suppressor cell activity in essential mixed cryoglobulinemia. AB - Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with essential mixed cryoglobulinemia were investigated for the ability to induce suppressor cell activity (S.C.A.) following in vitro exposure to Concanavalin A (Con A). The generation of Con A-S.C.A. is significantly impaired in essential mixed cryoglobulinemia compared to the healthy controls. No correlation was found between Con A-S.C.A. and the clinical or laboratory parameters of the disease. This impaired ability to induce Con A-S.C.A. in essential mixed cryoglobulinemia reflects a functional T-cell defect, which may play a role in the pathogenesis of the disease. PMID- 6215491 TI - Mechanisms of in vitro immunosuppression in canine distemper virus infection. AB - The in vitro immunosuppressive effects of canine distemper virus (CDV) infection in gnotobiotic dogs was studied by co-culture of lymphocytes from those dogs with uninfected responder canine lymphocytes. Lymphocytes from viremic dogs suppressed the phytomitogen responses of responder dogs. Cell viability and total cells/ml in culture remained at or near control levels. The presence of immunofluorescence (IF) positive syncytial cells in co-cultures was noted and their numbers were increased in cultures containing pokeweed mitogen. Lymphocytes from nonviremic dogs also suppressed the phytomitogen responses of responder dogs. This effect was not dependent on the presence of viral antigen by IF and was abrogated by pre incubation of the suppressor cell population in vitro for 48 hr prior to use in the suppressor assay. Thus, infection with CDV results in both virus-dependent and virus-independent immunosuppression. PMID- 6215492 TI - Suppression of cellular immune responses by mouse amniotic fluid. AB - Mouse amniotic fluid (AF) strongly inhibited the in vitro generation of cell mediated cytolytic responses to allogeneic EL4 tumor cells. Potent immunoregulatory capabilities of AF in utero are suggested by in vitro suppression of immune responses by concentrations below physiological levels and by the inhibition of lytic function late in effector cell differentiation. Finally, suppression was not contingent on the parity of the female or the source of effector cells or of the AF. PMID- 6215493 TI - Accelerated mixed lymphocyte culture test potentially useful for cadaver organ transplantation. AB - The mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC) test accurately predicts the strength of rejection of transplanted organs. Ironically, the MLC test can seldom be used in cadaver organ transplantation, where it would be most useful, because the test takes 4 to 6 days to get results. We have developed an accelerated MLC test using precultured cells, which gives interpretable results in 24-48 hr. Precultured cells become responsive to T cell growth factor, reflecting the generation of lymphoblasts during preculture. When 7 consecutive pairs of subjects were compared in the fast and conventional MLC tests, the response at 48 hr in the fast MLC was significantly correlated with the response in the conventional MLC test on days 5 and 6 (P less than 0.01). Precultured cells can be frozen in liquid nitrogen without loss of accelerated responsiveness and significant proliferation is also observed within 24 to 48 hr using frozen cultured cells. Thus, preliminary culture followed by cryopreservation provides the basis for a clinically useful fast MLC test for cadaver organ transplantation. PMID- 6215494 TI - Pain-patient MMPI subgroups: the psychological dimensions of pain. AB - Two-hundred-forty male pain patients were given the MMPI and an extensive pain history questionnaire. A hierarchical clustering procedure was used, and three distinct profiles emerged. One profile was essentially "normal," while a second profile revealed the "hypochondriasis" configuration, and a third was highly elevated on scales which reflect a "psychopathological" type of profile. A discriminant analysis yielded functions correctly classifying over 90% of the subjects in each group. Although the three groups did not significantly differ on age, education, income, IQ, assertiveness, type of pain, or years of pain duration, they did differ on the pain history questions relating to pain severity and pain impact on their lives. The psychopathological group reported significantly more distress than the hypochondriasis group, and the hypochondriasis group reported significantly more distress than the normal group. The implications for pain treatment are discussed. PMID- 6215495 TI - Training parents to be physical therapists with their physically handicapped child. PMID- 6215496 TI - The effects of EMG biofeedback and relaxation training on primary dysmenorrhea. AB - Fifteen dysmenorrhea sufferers received relaxation training with EMG biofeeddback, relaxation training with no feedback, or no treatment. Participants who received biofeedback training did not differ from participants who received relaxation training in their ability to maintain a reduced level of EMG activity prior to the onset of menstruation. On the first day of menstruation, those receiving biofeeback training were able to maintain reduced EMG activity, whereas those receiving relaxation training showed an elevated level of EMG activity. Subjective reports indicated that the symptoms of dysmenorrhea improved for the biofeedback group during training but did not improve for the relaxation or control groups. Suggestions for further research are noted. PMID- 6215497 TI - An evaluation of a behavioral program for chronic pain. AB - The current study evaluated a behavioral program for the management of chronic pain. One hundred twenty-one patients were treated. Primary pain complaints were predominantly in the low back or head/neck/face regions. Patients participated in a 4-week inpatient treatment package consisting of controlled medication reduction, physical therapy, behavioral group therapy, self-monitoring, contracting, and biofeedback/relaxation training. Several measures of verbal/nonverbal pain behavior and physical functioning were obtained over the baseline, treatment, and follow-up periods. Results showed significant reductions in analgesic medication use and verbal/nonverbal pain behavior and improvements in physical functioning, employment status, and pro-health behaviors which were maintained at 12-month follow-up. PMID- 6215498 TI - Regulation of bacteriophage lambda int gene expression. PMID- 6215499 TI - DNA base sequence changes induced by bromouracil mutagenesis of lambda phage. PMID- 6215500 TI - Reliability of echocardiography in the diagnosis of right ventricular hypertrophy. AB - The right ventricular (RV) wall thickness and dimension were measured by the technique of echocardiography in 62 patients. Thirty-six of these patients died, and the RV wall thickness was measured at necropsy for comparison with the echocardiographic measurements. The necropsy RV wall thickness measured 3.3 +/- 0.6 mm in patients without right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH) and 5.9 +/- 0.9 mm in patients with RVH (P<.01). The echocardiographic measurements of the diastolic RV wall thickness correlated well with the necropsy measurements of the RV wall thickness (r=.83). The sensitivity and specificity of the echocardiographic criteria in detecting RVH was superior to the electrocardiographic (ECG) criteria. Furthermore, the echocardiographic technique was useful in evaluating RVH in 18 patients with an abnormal ECG due to right or left bundle branch block or myocardial infarction. We conclude that echocardiography is reliable in diagnosing RVH. PMID- 6215501 TI - Effects of diiospropyl-1,3-dithiol-2-ylidene malonate (NKK-105) on acute toxicity of various drugs and heavy metals. AB - The influence of NKK-105 on the acute toxicity of strychnine nitrate, potassium cyanide, chloral hydrate, atropine, tetrodotoxin, mercuric chloride, cadmium chloride, lead acetate and arsenic trioxide were examined in rats. NKK-105 prolonged the time of death induced by strychnine, potassium cyanide and tetrodotoxin in acute toxicity. Survival time was prolonged in rats treated with the toxic metals by pretreatment with NKK-105. NKK-105 counteracted the lethal effect of strychnine, potassium cyanide, chloral hydrate, mercuric chloride and cadmium chloride. NKK-105 significantly decreased the acute toxicity of these drugs but the inhibitory effect was not observed in the acute toxicity of atropine, tetrodotoxin, lead acetate and arsenic trioxide. PMID- 6215502 TI - Left ventricular hypertrophy in non-rheumatic myocarditis in children. AB - Fifty-three Japanese children with non-rheumatic myocarditis were investigated with regard to left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), which was assessed electrocardiographically. Follow-up periods ranged from 12 to 58 months with a mean of 22.8 months. Left ventricular posterior wall thickness (LVPWT) evaluated echocardiographically was compared to the electrocardiographic findings of LVH. The overall prevalence of LVH was 30.2% (16 patients). In 3 patients, LVH was detected during the first examination. In the other patients, however, LVH was detected later during the follow-up periods. In all but 2 patients, LVH disappeared during the follow-up periods. The development into hypertrophic cardiomyopathy was evident in only one patient. The LVPWT showed no definite relation to the presence of LVH. Thus, LVH on an electrocardiogram appears to be a common finding in children with non-rheumatic myocarditis. PMID- 6215503 TI - [Biochemical studies of erythrocytes isolated from patients with myoglobinuria]. PMID- 6215504 TI - [Mezlocillin]. PMID- 6215505 TI - [Cefoperazone]. PMID- 6215506 TI - [Spectinomycin therapy in combination with ampicillin in female patients with acute gonorrhea]. AB - Clinical effects of spectinomycin (Trobicin, 2 g. i.m., once a day) and ampicillin (1 g/day, p.o., in 4 divided doses, for 2 days) given in combination on acute gonorrhea in female patients were studied, and sensitivity of isolated gonococci to each of these antibiotics was determined. 1. Clinical effects were evaluated by cultures of gonococci from discharge collected at 72 hours after spectinomycin administration and 12 hours after the last dose of ampicillin and both subjective and objective clinical findings. Among 20 cases of gonorrhea treated, 12 cases (60.0%) proved excellent in therapeutic results, 6 cases (30.0%) good, 1 case fair and 1 case produced no response. The success rate comprising excellent and good was 90.0%. The only side effect reported was pain of injection site in 1 case on 3 days after initiation of treatment, but no induration was noted. 2. MICs of spectinomycin and ampicillin for gonococci collected from the 20 cases were determined. Spectinomycin showed MICs of 6.25 approximately 12.5 micrograms/ml against 10(8) CFU/ml and 3.13 approximately 12.5 micrograms/ml against 10(8) CFU/ml. These values were below the blood concentration obtained at 6 hours after intramuscular administration of 2 g of spectinomycin. Ampicillin had MICs of 0.1 approximately 25 micrograms/ml against 10(8) CFU/ml and 0.1 approximately 3.13 micrograms/ml against 10(6) CFU/ml. Five strains, MICs of which were 6.25 approximately 25 micrograms/ml against 10(8) CFU/ml, were beta-lactamase-producing. PMID- 6215507 TI - SG-75 induction of increased coronary outflow and PGE1 from ischemic areas in dogs with experimental myocardial infarction. AB - We measured the coronary blood flow and concentrations of prostaglandin E1(PGE1), PGF2 alpha, and lactate from the ischemic myocardium of dogs treated with either SG-75 or indomethacin. There was a significant increase of coronary blood outflow from the ischemic myocardium after ligation in dogs given SG-75 and in control dogs compared with indomethacin-treated dogs. The release of lactate from the ischemic myocardium decreased significantly in dogs with SG-75 compared with the indomethacin and control group. The concentration of PGE1 rose significantly after ligation in dogs with SG-75 compared indomethacin-treated and those in control dogs. A significant release of PGE1 from the ischemic area of the myocardium treated with SG-75 was clearly demonstrated at 60 min after ligation of the LAD coronary artery. Also, a significant release of PGF2 alpha from the ischemic area of the myocardium was demonstrated at 15 min after ligation. There was a significant correlation between the increase of coronary outflow and PGE1 release from the ischemic myocardium ( 4= 0.70, p less than 0.01). However, no significant correlation was demonstrated between the increase of coronary outflow and PGF2 alpha. These results show a close relation ship between increased coronary outflow induced by SG-75 and increased release of PGE1. Thus, a beneficial effect of SG-75 on the ischemic myocardium was demonstrated. PMID- 6215508 TI - [Studies on the platelet mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome (MCLS)--platelet function--]. PMID- 6215509 TI - [Activation mechanism of bovine factor XII on foreign surfaces--activation by polysaccharide sulfate and sulfatide and inhibition by platelet components]. PMID- 6215510 TI - [Reactions of alpha 2 plasmin inhibitor to plasmin and fibrin; its significance in fibrinolysis inhibition and hemostasis]. PMID- 6215511 TI - [The flow velocity pattern of internal jugular vein in healthy subjects observed with directional ultrasonic doppler flow meter]. PMID- 6215513 TI - [Day care of handicapped children. 2]. PMID- 6215514 TI - [Oral (dental) diseases: questions and answers. 5. Dental care of the handicapped]. PMID- 6215512 TI - [Radioisotope esophageal transit test -a new technique for esophageal emptying and gastro- esophageal reflux]. PMID- 6215515 TI - [A U.S. court decision on the right to let a child with Down's syndrome die]. PMID- 6215516 TI - [On a U.S court decision on the right to let a child with Down's syndrome die: a disagreement by a mother of a child with ectromelia]. PMID- 6215517 TI - [On a U.S. court decision on the right to let a child with Down's syndrome die: a thought by a mother of a child with spina bifida, infantile spasms, and contracture]. PMID- 6215518 TI - [Day care for handicapped children. 4. The members of the organization. (1)]. PMID- 6215519 TI - [Studies on dynamic electrocardiographic changes of right ventricular hypertrophy]. PMID- 6215520 TI - The effect of oral and parenteral immunization with killed vaccines on the fecal shedding of mice fed Yersinia enterocolitica. PMID- 6215522 TI - [Medical topics: percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty]. PMID- 6215521 TI - Androgen conjugates in human breast cyst fluids. AB - Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHAS) has been measured by radioimmunoassay in 100 breast cyst fluids obtained from 82 women. Values ranged from 1.5 to 1,155 microM with a median of 140 microM. These concentrations are in excess of those for plasma but are comparable or less than values for breast secretions obtained by nipple aspiration. Levels of DHAS in cyst fluid were not significantly affected by age, menopausal status, or parity of the subject or by the volume of cyst fluid obtained. In patients with multiple cysts, DHAS values from cysts aspirated from the same breast on the same data were relatively comparable, but wide variations were frequently observed between cysts aspirated on different occasions from the same breast and between cysts from different breasts of the same patient, whether sampled simultaneously or sequentially. Such variability must complicate comparative studies among women. PMID- 6215523 TI - [Risk factors of ischemic heart disease and tolerance to physical exertion in medical school upperclassmen]. PMID- 6215524 TI - [Microelements and their relation to blood lipids and ischemic heart disease in a group of 40--59-year-old men living in Leningrad]. PMID- 6215525 TI - [Role of electrocardiography in establishing the severity of hemodynamic disorders in the pulmonary circulation of patients with interventricular septal defects]. PMID- 6215526 TI - Dissociation of glomerular filtration and renal blood flow in HgCl2-induced acute renal failure. AB - This study evaluates the role of early renal vasoconstriction in the pathogenesis of mercuric chloride (HgCl2)-induced acute renal failure (ARF) in the dog. Within 3 hr after mercury, glomerular filtration rate (GFR), from 45 +/- 4 25 +/- 2 ml/min, and renal blood flow (RBF), from 268 +/- 22 to 161 +/- 19 ml/min, decreased simultaneously. A rise in diuresis and urinary solute excretion occurred. Morphological and functional studies excluded a major role for tubular leakage or obstruction. An attempt was made to prevent the early renal vasoconstriction, by the administration of Haemaccel, a plasma volume expander, alone or in combination with phentolamine. In both settings the fall in RBF after mercury was prevented. Haemaccel volume expansion alone provoked a significant rise in GFR before HgCl2, but the GFR fell by 29% 3 hr after HgCl2. The Haemaccel/phentolamine combination had no influence on pre-mercury GFR values. In this group, a decrease of GFR by 44% was noted 3 hr after mercury. In conclusion, changes in GFR and renal hemodynamics can be dissociated in the early phase of nephrotoxic ARF. The fall in GFR can be attributed either to a decrease in glomerular ultrafiltration capacity and/or changes in glomerular afferent and efferent resistances, leading to a decrease in glomerular hydrostatic pressure. PMID- 6215527 TI - Competition between humoral immunity and delayed hypersensitization in experimental acute toxoplasma infected mice. PMID- 6215529 TI - [Combined manipulator for laparoscopy]. PMID- 6215528 TI - [Combined treatment of disabled World War II veterans with a vascular diabetic lesion of the lower extremities]. PMID- 6215530 TI - [Surgical treatment of inguinal hernias (review of the literature)]. PMID- 6215531 TI - [Side-effects of atropine: pharmacological, allergic, pseudo-allergic or toxic reactions?]. AB - Between 1979 and 1981 31 children aged from one to 14 years who had been given atropine eye drops to measure refraction presented with the following side effects: increased temperature (9/31), dry red skin (8/31), reddened eye (3/31) and periorbital dermatitis (2/31) after single (22/31) or repeated (9/31) administration of atropine. In the epicutaneous test with atropine eye drops 1% (readings after 24, 48 and 72 hours) not a single child showed an allergic or toxic reaction. The rarity of an allergy after administration of atropine drops is emphasized by the fact that periorbital dermatitis was observed in only two cases. Clinical experience shows that incipient allergy owing to the anatomical structure of the conjunctiva and eye lids first becomes apparent in the region of the eye, even if the epicutaneous test is not necessarily positive in the dorsum skin. In view of the necessity of administering atropine prior to emergency surgery it is advisable to carry out epicutaneous tests if side-effects have been observed in the eye, to make sure that the patient is not allergic to the drug. PMID- 6215532 TI - Pharmacological characterisation of cardiovascular histamine receptors in man in vivo. AB - Data from pharmacological studies carried out in healthy subjects using systemic histamine or impromidine and their antagonists are reviewed. Exogenous histamine by rapid injection appears to stimulate only H1-receptors. Chlorpheniramine alone antagonised the responses to histamine. The effects of cardiovascular H2-receptor stimulation are demonstrated best by a sustained and large dose of histamine given by infusion. If it be considered desirable to antagonise all the cardiovascular responses to endogenous histamine, the available pharmacological data in man suggest this would be achieved best by a combination of an H1-and H2 receptor antagonist. PMID- 6215533 TI - [From the history of the discovery of insulin]. PMID- 6215534 TI - [State of the terminal portion of the large intestine in lumbosacral radiculitis]. PMID- 6215535 TI - ["Encounter" - leisure time with the handicapped]. PMID- 6215536 TI - A new challenge for venereal disease control. PMID- 6215537 TI - Androgen receptor binding and antiandrogenic activity of some 4,5-secoandrostanes and ring B cyclopropanoandrostanes. AB - Eight androstane derivatives with modified ring A or B (4,5-secoandrostanes and ring B cyclopropanoandrostanes) were assayed in vivo on mice for their antiandrogenic activity and the effect was compared with that of cyproterone acetate. The inhibition of dihydrotestosterone binding to rat prostate cytosol and to human plasmatic sex hormone binding protein was correlated with the in vivo effect. The antiandrogenic activity of 6 alpha,7 alpha-cyclopropano-5 alpha androstane-3 beta,17 beta-diol was nearly as high as that of cyproterone acetate. The opening of ring A of androgens, such as testosterone or 17 alpha methyltestosterone, moderately reduced the binding and changed the biological activity to weakly antiandrogenic. PMID- 6215538 TI - Distribution and percentages of non-protein bound contraceptive steroids in human serum. PMID- 6215539 TI - Migration of enzymes on linear polymers. PMID- 6215540 TI - Ciliary contractile model applied to sperm flagellar motion. PMID- 6215541 TI - Characteristic base sequence patterns of promoter and terminator sites in phi X174 and fd phage DNAs. PMID- 6215542 TI - Left ventricular outflow enlargement by the Konno procedure. AB - The optimal management of patients with small aortic anulus or left ventricular outflow tract obstruction remains unclear. Between 1976 and March, 1982; 18 patients have undergone enlargement of their left ventricular outflow tract by means of the Konno or a modification of the Konno procedure. Fourteen of these 18 patients had previous operations for aortic stenosis or tunnel left ventricular outflow tract, and two patients had undergone three previous operations. All 18 patients had symptoms of either heart failure of chest pain, or had electrocardiographic evidence of strain. They ranged in age from 4 years to 58 years, with 13 of the 18 patients being less than 20 years of age. A Dacron patch was used to enlarge the left ventricular outflow tract after incising down the ventricular septum. In all patients, at least a 21 mm valve could be placed, with between 50% and 65% of the valve anulus being made up of natural tissue. The remaining portion of the valve anulus was constructed from the Dacron patch. The patch was extended up to enlarge the ascending aorta, and a pericardial patch was used to close the defect in the right ventricular outflow tract. In all 18 patients the gradient was obliterated at the time of operation. There was one early death in a patient who had previous insertion of a left ventricular apical aortic conduit in which the heterograft valve had degenerated. There has been one late death because of bacterial endocarditis in a child who also had a parachute mitral valve and evidence of pulmonary hypertension. The remaining 16 patients are functioning well after the Konno procedure. Three are receiving warfarin sodium, and 13 are receiving aspirin. These results suggest that this is an acceptable method of treating patients with small aortic anulus or left ventricular outflow tract obstructions and would appear to have advantages over a left ventricular apical-aortic conduit. PMID- 6215544 TI - Aging and intraspecific interactions in acute hypoxic survival of specific pathogen free OF1 mice of both sexes. AB - In light-synchronized pathogen-free OF1 mice, and LD50 acute hypoxic challenge was performed during the light period in which respiratory and motor activities are minimal. In males and females acute hypoxic resistance decreases with age. Grouping by ten significantly decreases hypoxic survival in young, adult, and senescent males, and in young females. In young mice, hypoxic survival is significantly less in males than in females, whether or not they have interindividual contacts. This sex-related difference disappears with aging in separated individuals, but remains in 230- and 420-day-old mice when there are interindividual contacts. PMID- 6215543 TI - [The response to gonadotropin-releasing hormone in hirsutism after treatment with cyproterone acetate]. AB - The authors studied the response of the luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), proclatin (PRL) and testosterone (T) to the intravenous injection of 100 microgram of synthetic gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) in hirsute women in the follicular phase, prior to and after the administration of cyproterone acetate (CPA). The GnRH stimulation before and after the CPA therapy induced a significant increase in plasma LH and FSH levels (P less than 0.01) and a significant drop in the plasma PRL concentration (p less than 0.05). Unchanged plasma T levels were observed during the test, prior to the CPA administration. Following the CPA application there was a significant increment of basal plasma PRL levels (p less than 0.05) and a significant drop of plasma FSH levels (p less than 0.01). No significant changes were observed, however, in LH and T levels. During the GnRH stimulation, after the administration of CPA, a significant decrease in T levels was noted (p less than 0.01). Considering basal concentrations of the hormones studied and the response to the LHR stimulation test, CPA was found to have no beneficial effect on the hypothalamic-pituitary dysfunction typical of androgenization in females. PMID- 6215545 TI - [Focusing on organic disease is often observed in chronic pain syndromes]. PMID- 6215546 TI - [Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of renal artery stenosis]. PMID- 6215547 TI - [Automatic classification of lung scintigrams]. PMID- 6215548 TI - Accident neurosis. PMID- 6215549 TI - [Method of evaluating the technical subsystem of a radiodiagnostic laboratory]. PMID- 6215550 TI - [The carcinoid syndrome. A case description with special reference to its therapeutic aspects]. PMID- 6215551 TI - [Parenteral feeding in internal medicine]. PMID- 6215552 TI - The use of growth factors in stimulate the proliferation of amniotic fluid cells. PMID- 6215553 TI - Nucleotide sequence analysis of in vivo recombinants between bacteriophage lambda DNA and pBR322. AB - The nucleotide sequences involved in the illegitimate recombination of four recombinants between bacteriophage lambda DNA and pBR322 in E. coli (lambda TA6, lambda KA3, lambda TA1R, and lambda KA7) were determined. Each resulted from recombination between regions of homology of 10 to 13 base pairs. The presence of a recA+ allele was found to stimulate recombination between lambda DNA and pBR322 approximately 10-fold. Lambda TA6, lambda KA3, and lambda KA7 were isolated in the presence of a recA+ allele and therefore, may have been generated by the recA recombination system. However, lambda TA1R was isolated in a recA mutant, and was presumably generated by a different recombination system. The possibility that it was generated by DNA gyrase is discussed. Two recombination events were required to form lambda KA7, which may indicate that it also was generated by DNA gyrase. PMID- 6215554 TI - Physical evidence for the temporal transition of transcription in bacteriophage lambda. AB - A high proportion of intracellular lambda DNA molecules are found to have D loops, when isolated under four different conditions: (1) lambda Ots after 7 min at 31 degrees C in the presence of chloramphenicol; (2) lambda Ots after 7 min at 31 degrees C without chloramphenicol; (3) lambda Ots after 30 min at 42 degrees C; and (4) lambda cIIcIII after 50 min at 37 degrees C. The great majority of these D-loops contain RNA and are produced by E. coli RNA polymerase. In the presence of chloramphenicol, D-loops are mostly limited to the immediate early regions of the major leftward and rightward operons. At early times, with no chloramphenicol present, D-loops map primarily within the delayed early regions of the two major operons. At late times, D-loops are found mostly within the major late operon of the bacteriophage DNA. This physical evidence corroborates evidence of the temporal transition in lambda transcription obtained by other means. Chloramphenicol is shown to block the transition from immediate early to delayed early transcription. PMID- 6215555 TI - A monoclonal antibody that binds preferentially to human suppressor T cells. AB - A monoclonal antibody termed JM3-3-3A was produced by somatic cell hybridization. The reactivity was assessed by indirect immunofluorescence. JM3-3-3A was reactive with 41% human peripheral blood T cells and 48% non-T cells. Among various human lymphoblastoid cell lines (MOLT 4F, JM, and TALL-1), TALL-l was found not to be reactive with JM3-3-3A. Human peripheral blood T cells fractionated by JM3-3-3A coated dish panning were submitted to functional studies. JM3-3-3A positive T cells responded to mitogens, concanavalin A and phytohemagglutinin-P much better than JM3-3-3A negative T cells in the presence or absence of adherent cells. JM3 3-3A positive T cells showed suppressor activity and JM3-3-3A negative T cells showed helper activity in pokeweed mitogen-induced Ig production. More than fifty percent of the JM3-3-3A positive T cells were reactive with OKT8 which binds to suppressor/cytotoxic T cells, whereas 18% of JM3-3-3A negative T cells were reactive with OKT8. In addition, immunoprecipitation experiments identified a protein with an approximate molecular weight of 43,000 as a cell surface antigen for JM3-3-3A. Thus, the reactivity of JM3-3-3A showed a wide distribution but human peripheral blood T cells could be dissected functionally by this antibody. PMID- 6215556 TI - [Changes in the ATPase activity of the plasma membranes of animal tissues in influenza infection]. PMID- 6215557 TI - Medical education in action: community-based experience and service in Nigeria. AB - Problem-based, student-centred learning at the Faculty of Health Sciences, Unilorin, Nigeria were incorporated in the overall objectives of producing students with a sense of service and a strong inclination toward broad community care and preventive medicine. The educational programme reflecting this concept was called COBES (community-based experience and service). Twice a year groups of between seven and fourteen students, each accompanied by two to three staff members, settled in a village or other community for 1 month. According to the Faculty's objectives, each group assessed the size of its community (population, areal map) at first. Malnutrition and infectious diseases were selected as the two health problems which were to be studied in depth during the first two COBES placements. Data were collected and analysed by the students from which deductions were made, and at the end of the placement a written report was required by the Faculty. Three learning situations and the experience gained from them by one group of students are reported: (1) What was our community? (2) The nutritional status of children, and (3) Guinea-worm infection. The educational benefits of the programme are discussed and the view of the students is brought out. A correct assessment of students' performances proved difficult. Other problems were related to the experimental situation of COBES, such as insufficient support of the programme by some staff members, the lack of programme structure and logistical shortcomings. The COBES programme, however, set a pattern of medical education which specifically suits Nigerian needs and probably those of other African countries. PMID- 6215558 TI - Evaluation of role of the biogenic amines in affective illness: a clinical strategy. PMID- 6215559 TI - Cutaneous drug eruptions. PMID- 6215560 TI - The games disabled people play: sport is an important factor in rehabilitating the disabled. PMID- 6215561 TI - [Scintigraphy in coronary heart disease]. PMID- 6215562 TI - [Analgesics--side effects: allergy and intolerance]. PMID- 6215563 TI - [Breeding sites of Culex pipiens pipiens L. and Culex pipiens molestus Forsk. mosquitoes on the territory of a large city]. PMID- 6215564 TI - [Preparation and trial of a lyophilized diagnosticum in setting up the immunofluorescence reaction for the purpose of detecting visceral leishmaniasis]. PMID- 6215565 TI - [Importance of endoscopic studies in an asymptomatic course of schistosomiasis]. PMID- 6215566 TI - [Finding of a parasitic fungus of the genus Coelomomyces (Phycomycetes, Blastocladiales) in Anopheles sacharovi Favre, 1903 mosquitoes in the Azerbaijan SSR]. PMID- 6215567 TI - [Breeding sites of Culex pipiens L. mosquitoes in the viniculture regions of Armenia]. PMID- 6215568 TI - [Experience in eradication and preventive measures against the breeding of blood sucking Culex pipiens L. mosquitoes in the pickling pits of a vegetable depot in Samarkand]. PMID- 6215569 TI - [Fleas (Siphonaptera) and ixodid ticks (Ixodoidea) of the southern part of the Turgai depression, the future route of the Ob-Amu Darya Canal]. PMID- 6215571 TI - Nucleotide levels and incorporation of 5-fluorouracil and uracil into DNA of cells treated with 5-fluorodeoxyuridine. AB - Intracellular pools of 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine (FdUrd) and dUrd nucleotides were measured in cultured human lymphoblasts treated with FdUrd. At 1 microM FdUrd, intracellular 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine 5'-monophosphate (FdUMP) was approximately 400 pmoles/10(6) cells, and FdUTP was approximately 0.1 pmole/10(6) cells. Intracellular dUMP and dUTP were elevated to values of approximately 1000 pmoles/10(6) cells and approximately 0.1 pmol/10(6) cells, respectively. With decrease in dTTP levels, utilization of FdUTP and dUTP as substrates for DNA synthesis became significant. FdUMP and dUMP, approximately 5 pmoles of each per micromole of DNA nucleotide, were found in DNA of cells treated with FdUrd (1 microM). The active removal of FUra and Ura from DNA of FdUrd-treated cells by the normal repair mechanism may lead to fragmentation of DNA and contribute to the cytotoxic effect of FdUrd. PMID- 6215570 TI - [Attempt at detecting strain differences in the causative agent of tick-borne relapsing fever]. PMID- 6215573 TI - Relationships between specialized cells, capillaries and intermediary cytofibrillary elements. XVIth note. Biological evolution of respiratory mechanisms and of airways. PMID- 6215572 TI - Ca2+-stimulated ATPase: inactivation by Ca2+ and mechanism. AB - The preincubation of the rat blood cell membranes in the presence of low Ca2+ levels causes an irreversible inhibition of the Ca2+-stimulated ATPase activity. The inactivation is dependent on the Ca2+ concentration and the apparent Ki is identical to the Ca2+ concentration needed to reach the half-maximal activity of the enzyme. This fact and the energy of activation (Ea = 13.8 K cal/mol) for the inhibition suggest that Ca2+ inactivates the Ca2+-stimulated ATPase by binding to the same site which it normally occupies to activate the enzyme. It is concluded that the Ca2+-stimulated ATPase is in a dynamic equilibrium between two states: a stable ATP-bound state and an unstable ATP-free state. PMID- 6215574 TI - Morphogenesis and pathogenesis of chronic lung diseases. XIX. Hyperelastosis versus elastolysis in chronic pulmonary pathological processes. PMID- 6215575 TI - A comparative electronmicroscopic analysis of macrophages of lung, spleen and lymph nodes under experimental antigenic stimulation. PMID- 6215576 TI - Alveolar macrophagic reactions. IV. Quantitative relations between air space and alveolar wall compartments during the development of experimental alveolar macrophagic reactions. PMID- 6215577 TI - Experimental exposure of the pulmonary macrophage to exhaust gases and tobacco smoke. Comparative effects. PMID- 6215579 TI - Academician Victor Preda (1912-1982). PMID- 6215578 TI - Lymph node modifications in the castrated and "chemically thyroidectomized" Wistar female rats. PMID- 6215580 TI - Immunoregulatory T cells in varicella. PMID- 6215581 TI - Effect of corticosteroids on suppressor-cell activity in "autoimmune" and viral chronic active hepatitis. AB - We detected a severe defect in concanavalin A-induced suppressor-cell activity in 22 patients with "autoimmune" chronic active hepatitis and in 26 patients with hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-positive chronic active hepatitis, as compared with 20 control subjects (P less than 0.01). Normal values were observed in 21 patients with "autoimmune" hepatitis in whom a remission had been induced and maintained by treatment with prednisolone. When lymphocytes from patients with autoimmune chronic active hepatitis were preincubated with low-dose prednisolone in vitro, suppressor-cell activity was substantially improved (P less than 0.01), but no clear effect of prednisolone was seen in cells from patients with HBsAg-positive chronic active hepatitis. The loss of suppressor cell activity in chronic active hepatitis may allow liver damage to continue, and the reversal of the defect in the autoimmune form of the disease by administration of low-dose prednisolone provides a plausible explanation for the efficacy of this treatment. The contrasting in vitro responses to prednisolone in autoimmune and HBsAg-positive chronic active hepatitis suggest that the fundamental nature of the suppressor-cell defect may be different in these two forms of the disease. PMID- 6215582 TI - Decreased coronary reserve: a mechanism for angina pectoris in patients with aortic stenosis and normal coronary arteries. AB - The pathogenesis of angina pectoris in patients with aortic stenosis and normal coronary arteries remains uncertain. Using a specially designed Doppler probe, we measured the maximal velocity of coronary blood flow in the left-anterior descending coronary artery at the time of elective open-heart surgery in 14 patients with aortic stenosis and left ventricular hypertrophy (13 had angina) and in 8 controls without left ventricular hypertrophy. The ratio peak velocity of coronary blood flow, after a 20-second occlusion, to resting velocity was decreased by more than 50 per cent (P less than 0.05) in the patients with aortic stenosis. In 7 of the patients this ratio was decreased by more than 75 per cent. Studies of the velocity of coronary blood flow in vessels perfusing the right ventricle in these patients showed only mild abnormalities. These data demonstrate a selective and marked decrease in coronary reserve to the hypertrophied left ventricle in patients with severe aortic stenosis. The impairment in coronary reserve is probably an important contributor to the pathogenesis of angina pectoris in these patients. PMID- 6215583 TI - A genetic defect in the binding of protein 4.1 to spectrin in a kindred with hereditary spherocytosis. AB - Indirect evidence suggests that the genetic defect in hereditary spherocytosis lies in the erythrocyte membrane skeleton, a submembranous meshwork of proteins (principally spectrin, actin, and protein 4.1) responsible for membrane shape and structural stability. To test this premise we systematically assayed the interactions of spectrin, the major skeletal protein, in six kindreds with autosomal dominant hereditary spherocytosis. In one these kindreds, enhancement of spectrin-actin binding by protein 4.1 was reduced, owing to a 39 +/- 4 per cent decrease (mean +/- S.D) in the binding of normal protein 4.1 by spectrin, in all of four members with the disorder. The defective spectrin was separated into two populations by affinity chromatography on immobilized normal protein 4.1. One population (41 +/- 2 per cent) lacked the ability to bind 4.1, but the other functioned normally. Presumable, the nonfunctional spectrin was the product of the autosomal dominant gene responsible for the hereditary spherocytosis in this kindred. PMID- 6215584 TI - Attitudes of those at risk for Huntington's disease toward presymptomatic provocative testing. PMID- 6215585 TI - Suppressor T lymphocytes in filariasis. PMID- 6215586 TI - Long-term care for the elderly and disabled. PMID- 6215587 TI - Domain structure in high molecular weight high mobility group nonhistone chromatin proteins. PMID- 6215588 TI - [The gurgling stomach syndrome, a new treatment method]. PMID- 6215589 TI - [Concomitant thymoleptic therapy in the frame of a controlled study with maprotiline (Ludiomil) in the treatment of backache]. PMID- 6215590 TI - [Cystic dilatations of the subarachnoid space at the lumbo-sacral level. Clinical and therapeutic aspects]. AB - The cystic dilation of the sub-arachnoidal space individualised by Tarlov in 1938, may be integrated in the diagnosis of non discal surgical sciatica. The classification proposed by Lazorthes sumes up the eventualities encountered at the lombo-sacral level. The clinical study of five personal observations and the analysis of literature enable the establishment of a clinical picture evoking the anomaly. It would appear that the affection is characterised by lumbago or lumbo sciatica, the attacks separated by free intervals. In an acute period the algia lessens in the Trendelenbourg position. A significant sign would be the pain on moving the sacrum. Among the complementary examination the radiographic study of the sacrum with tomographies is indisplusable, the diagnosis is based on the radiography of spinal nerve roots with late time in a vertical position. Medico surgical treatment is in order, it gives a favorable result when surgical criteria have respected: invalidating evolutive algia with or without a clear sign of deficiency. The surgical result is essentially conditioned by a strict indication. PMID- 6215591 TI - The pathokinetics of acrylamide intoxication: a reassessment of the problem. AB - Acrylamide was given intraperitoneally to rats (30 mg/kg/day, five times/week) for 3 weeks, and the nervous and muscle tissues were examined by conventional methods over 5 weeks. Three striking cellular changes were observed. 1 Scattered degeneration of many Purkinje cells from 5 days onwards. 2 Widespread swelling and argyrophilia of nerve terminals from 10 days in both PNS and CNS. Motor and sensory endings were equally affected in all muscles examined. Synaptic and preterminal swelling also occurred in spinal cord, brain stem, and in certain cerebellar terminals. Degeneration occasionally followed this change, particularly in sensory nerve fibres, but not necessarily. 3 Chromatolysis in spinal ganglion cells and occasionally in anterior horn cells from 7 days onwards before the onset of axonal degeneration. This unique sequence of events is discussed in the light of the metabolic and other changes described by earlier authors. PMID- 6215592 TI - [Determination of the occluding arterial pressure, with the Doppler flowmeter, in arteriopathies of the lower limbs]. PMID- 6215593 TI - [Pre- and post-operative Doppler examination in carotid surgery]. PMID- 6215594 TI - [Glomerulonephritis in Kawasaki disease. A new pathology caused by immune complexes?]. PMID- 6215595 TI - A comparison of fatty acid activation in sciatic nerve and Schwann cell rich cultures from normal and trembler mice. PMID- 6215596 TI - The abdominal cutaneous reflex circuit in the rat: a spinobulbo-spinal reflex in phenobarbital-anesthetized animals. AB - A description is given of an abdominal reflex (ACR) in the rat evoked by cutaneous stimulation. Latency of the ACR in response to stimulation of the contralateral hindlimb was 28.5 +/- 3.2 msec. Data from the analysis of discharges in dorsal and ventral roots and from bulbar reticular neurons triggered by ACR stimuli reveal that a spino-bulbo-spinal loop seems to be implicated. This is also supported by the chronic effects of pontile and spinal transections. ACR-concomitant discharges were also recorded in other axial (digastric m. and internal intercostal m.) and proximal limb muscles. The possible spino-bulbo-spinal mechanism of this cutaneous reflex is discussed. PMID- 6215597 TI - Special care of the medically compromised patient. PMID- 6215598 TI - Newer diagnostic approaches to the evaluation of gynecologic malignancies. AB - The use of peritoneoscopy, lymphangiography, ultrasonography, computerized tomography, and thin-needle aspiration in the evaluation of gynecologic malignancies is discussed. Peritoneoscopy has made a large impact on the staging and follow-up of patients with ovarian cancer. Lymphangiography, combined more recently with ultrasonography or computerized tomography, appears to be especially useful in evaluating patients with cervical cancer for lymph node metastases outside the usual radiation treatment fields. Ultrasonography and computerized tomography are useful for evaluating masses for resectability and treatment response, planning radiation therapy, detecting metastases and ascites, and directing thin-needle aspiration of masses. Thin-needle aspiration techniques are now available which provide a means for sampling areas which were previously inaccessible except to open operative biopsy or where biopsy might result in serious complications. PMID- 6215599 TI - [High dose medroxyprogesterone acetate in metastatic breast cancer. Comparative clinical, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic data of different forms of administration]. AB - In the therapy of metastatic breast cancer MAP was used with different dosages and different forms of administration. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics were investigated. MAP plasma concentrations are dose dependent with great interindividual variation. The cortisol suppressive effect is dependent on plasma concentrations with only narrow interindividual variability. The oral administration of the crystal suspension is equivalent to the administration of tablets concerning plasma levels und endocrine effects. The therapy schedule for i.m. application used here leads to lower MAP plasma concentrations and correspondingly to a minor endocrine effect than in oral therapy. Tumor effective and cortisol suppressive plasma concentrations seem to have the same level. PMID- 6215600 TI - [Medroxyprogesterone acetate (MAP) and aminoglutethimide (AG) in metastatic breast carcinoma. Preliminary report on a phase II study of the German Cancer Society's Internal Medicine Oncology Task Force]. AB - In 114 patients with metastatic breast cancer resistant to chemo- and hormonal therapy another attempt was made to treat these patients with the hormone combination of aminoglutethimide (AG) 1000 mg daily and medroxyprogesteroneacetate (MAP) 1500 mg daily for 6 weeks, than 500 mg MAP daily. At present, the following results were obtained from 100 evaluable patients: Complete remission (CR) 4,4% [median remission duration (MRD) 34,8 weeks], partial remission (PR) 18,5% (MRD 34,5 weeks), a no change status (NC) in 44,5% (MRD 17,2 weeks), in 32,6% of the cases there was no response. 19 patients with hormone receptor positive tumors obtained CR + PR in 26,3%, NC 68,4%. Bone metastases seem to respond best to this therapy. 2/3 of all patients suffered from cerebral side effects, particularly contemporary personality disorders and depressive syndromes, 53% showed a short increase of their liver values. During the first 6 weeks the side effects were most pronounced. In 16 cases - entirely patients primarily in bad general condition - the therapy had to be stopped due to heavy subjective side effects. The combination AG/MAP represents a new highly effective therapeutic modality with a relatively broad therapeutic index. The treatment results are described. MAP can replace cortisone generally applied together with AG and seems to have an additive effect with AG. PMID- 6215601 TI - Moxalactam (Moxam) in the treatment of experimental staphylococcal endophthalmitis. AB - We investigated the intraocular penetration, retinal toxicity, clearance from the vitreous, and antibacterial activity of moxalactam (Moxam), a new third generation cephalosporin with activity against aerobic and anaerobic gram positive organisms and many gram negative organisms. Seventy-four albino rabbits were used. Subconjunctival injection yielded therapeutic aqueous and vitreous levels for all hours studied. Intraocular penetration following single dose intravenous and intramuscular administration was poor. Two mg injected into the vitreous produced rare focal retinal toxicity. Eleven of the 11 eyes receiving intravitreal injections of 2 mg moxalactam eight hours after inoculation with S. aureus were sterile and free of morphologic changes. Moxalactam appears to be a potent broad spectrum antibiotic with a low degree of toxicity to rabbit retinal tissue. PMID- 6215602 TI - A comparison of two buffering systems for lens organ culture. AB - Bovine lenses were incubated in a pairwise assay for 24 h in TC 199 which was buffered with Hepes or NaHCO3, respectively. In lenses incubated with Hepes, the content of ATP was higher and that of AMP lower than in those incubated with NaHCO3. The specific activity of phosphofructokinase (PFK), was higher in the lenses from the Hepes medium than in lenses incubated with NaHCO3. A heat-labile metazyme of the PFK which is found in the nucleus of unincubated lenses disappeared when the lenses were incubated in the presence of bicarbonate, but remained intact after 22 h incubation with Hepes. PMID- 6215603 TI - A modern approach to prevention and treatment of oral bleeding in patients with hepatocellular disease. AB - Dental treatment for patients with hepatocellular disease constitutes a very complex problem because of their severe bleeding tendency. It seems that bleeding from the oral structures follows organ-specific patterns. The use of systemically administered antifibrinolytic agents, together with the local use of Gelfoam, cyanoacrylate spray, and intraligamentary anesthesia make possible bleeding inducing procedures without exaggerated hemorrhage. This approach avoids the need for transfusion and hospitalization for dental treatment, making such treatment cheaper and more accessible. PMID- 6215604 TI - Capping of exposed pulps with Cavit-W or Nimeticap. PMID- 6215606 TI - [Role of the Department of the Medical Institute in developing orthopedics and traumatology in the Moldavian SSR]. PMID- 6215605 TI - [Traumatism and its effect on the mean life expectancy of the population]. PMID- 6215607 TI - [Concept of dental care of mentally handicapped patients]. PMID- 6215609 TI - The use of the three-phase bone scan in the early diagnosis of heterotopic ossification (HO) and in the evaluation of Didronel therapy. AB - The purpose of this study is to investigate the use of a three-phase bone scan for early detection of HO formation and as a method of evaluating Didronel treatment. A marked vascular blush and blood pool was noted about the hips sometimes with a normal bone scan and normal X-ray of the hips. This appeared to represent the precursor phase of HO formation since, on repeat scans, the bone scan showed accumulation of the bone-seeking radionuclide usually in 2 to 4 weeks and the X-ray revealed ossification. Fifty-two patients treated with Didronel between October 1978 and December 1979 were reviewed to determine the value of Didronel treatment. There were 23 patients in the series who either showed HO by X-ray on admission or developed HO on follow-up X-rays before beginning Didronel therapy. A three-phase bone scan revealed increased vascularity and accumulation of radioactivity on the bone scan in all areas of ossification on the X-ray and in some areas that did not appear to be involved. The other 29 patients had serial three-phase bone scans, X-ray study, and an alkaline phosphatase determination at approximately 2-week intervals. Didronel treatment was started as soon as the precursor phase of HO was demonstrated on the three-phase bone scan in most of these patients. Nine have not developed ossification that could be seen in X-rays during 3 months of continuing study. Six patients seen at follow-Up during the past year had known HO of 4 to 7 years duration. The three phase bone scan was used to predict the maturity of HO in these patients. Our study in indicates that increased vascularity precedes rather than being secondary to HO formation as is suggested in the literature. Didronel treatment appears to be most effective if initiated during this precursor phase. PMID- 6215608 TI - Does the MMPI differentiate chronic illness from chronic pain? AB - This study examines the relationship between MMPI scales and functional limitation for the chronic illness populations of chronic low back pain, migraine headache, hypertension and diabetes. Average MMPI profiles for these groups approximate those of previous studies with the chronic low back group having the most disturbed profile and showing elevations especially on the Hs, Hy and D scales. Several kinds of analyses, however, demonstrate that, in general, the MMPI group differences can be accounted for by individual self-rated functional limitation. The data do not support attempts at defining a low back pain or chronic pain personality profile apart from the emotional disturbance associated with chronic limitation and disruption of activity. PMID- 6215610 TI - Higher incidence of small Y chromosome in humans with trisomy 21 (Down syndrome). AB - The length of the Y chromosome was measured in 42 black patients with trisomy 21 (47,XY,+21) and a similar number of normal individuals of American black ancestry. The length of the Y was expressed as a function of Y/F ratio and arbitrarily classified into five groups using subjectively defined criteria as follows: very small, small, average, large, and very large. Thirty-eight % of the trisomy 21 patients had small or very small Ys compared to 2.38% of the controls (P less than 0.01). In both populations the size of the Y was not normally distributed. In the normals it was skewed to the left, whereas in the Downs the distribution was flat (platykurtic). A significantly higher incidence of Y length heteromorphisms was noted in the Down as compared to the normal black population. In the light of our current understanding that about one-third of all trisomy 21 patients are due to paternal nondisjunction, it may be tempting to speculate that males with small Y are at an increased risk for nondisjunction of the 21 chromosome. PMID- 6215611 TI - [Clinico-genetic significance of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency of erythrocytes]. PMID- 6215612 TI - [Pollinosis in children living in a temperate zone]. PMID- 6215613 TI - [20 Years' activity in improving the knowledge of pediatricians in the field of cardiorheumatology]. PMID- 6215615 TI - [Dispensary care of nephrological patients at a pediatric polyclinic]. PMID- 6215614 TI - [Organization of a pediatric gastroenterology service in the Kirov District of Leningrad and the experience of dispensary observation of children with chronic digestive organ diseases]. PMID- 6215616 TI - Teaching comprehension and production. PMID- 6215617 TI - [Dental-surgical measures in patients with hemorrhagic diatheses]. PMID- 6215618 TI - [Mechanical pathology of the spine. Abarticular rheumatism]. PMID- 6215619 TI - [Peroperative dilatation of coronary arteries. 12 cases]. AB - Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty was invented by Dotter in 1964 and perfected by Gruntzig who introduced inflatable balloon catheters. The authors have used this technique successfully in 12 patients to dilate coronary arteries during aorto-coronary bypass or aortic valve replacement and feel encouraged to use it in further series. On the basis of their experience, they formulate precise indications for peroperative dilatation of the coronary arteries. PMID- 6215620 TI - [Arterial thrombosis of a transplanted kidney after attempt at percutaneous transluminal dilatation]. PMID- 6215621 TI - [Cellular contractility: smooth muscle cells]. PMID- 6215622 TI - [Thrombosis and diabetic angiopathy]. PMID- 6215623 TI - [Influence of metabolic control on blood viscosity and platelet activity in insulin requiring diabetics]. AB - Blood and plasma viscosities were determined using respectively a Couette type micro-viscometer (LS 30) and an automatic capillary viscometer (FICA). Plasma beta-thromboglobulin (beta-TG) levels were determined by radioimmunoassay. These parameters were measured in a group of 11 poorly controlled insulin requiring diabetics before and after blood glucose normalization using an artificial pancreas (Biostator GCIIS). Before connection to the artificial pancreas, blood and plasma viscosity and beta-TG levels were significantly higher in diabetics than in controls. The strict metabolic control obtained by the artificial pancreas resulted in a normalization of the hemorheological parameters and in a significant reduction of plasma beta-TG levels after 48 h. These results suggest that the metabolic control of diabetes influences the rheological behavior of blood and the metabolism of platelets. PMID- 6215625 TI - Eukaryotic ternary transcription complexes. I. The release of ternary transcription complexes of RNA polymerases I and II by the endogenous nucleases of rat liver nuclei. AB - Autodigestion of rat liver nuclei in magnesium-containing buffers leads to the release of about 80% of DNA-dependent RNA polymerases I and II, together with 4 to 8% of the DNA. The RNA polymerases are at least partially DNA bound as judged by the effect on in vitro transcription of (1) Actinomycin D, (2) preirradiation of the enzymes in the presence of 8-methoxypsoralen and (3) heparin. The released DNA migrates as ladders of nicked nucleosome-size fragments on electrophoresis. On sucrose gradients, most RNA polymerase activity sediments as two peaks: one slightly smaller than the 11S mononucleosome and the other with the dinucleosome. The released material can act as a source of ternary transcription complexes for further structural studies. PMID- 6215624 TI - Condensation of chromatin into chromosomes preserves an open configuration but alters the DNase I hypersensitive cleavage sites of the transcribed gene. AB - DNase I was used to probe the molecular organization of the chicken ovalbumin (OV) gene and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPD) gene in interphase nuclei and in metaphase chromosomes of cultured chicken lymphoblastoid cells (MSB 1 line). The OV gene was not transcribed in this cell line, whereas the GPD gene was constitutively expressed. The GPD gene was more sensitive to DNase I digestion than the OV gene in both interphase nuclei and metaphase chromosomes, as determined by Southern blotting and liquid hybridization techniques. In addition, we observed DNase I hypersensitive sites around the 5' region of the GPD gene. These hypersensitive sites were not always at the same locations between the interphase nuclei and metaphase chromosomes. Our results suggest that chromatin condensation and decondensation during cell cycle alters nuclease hypersensitive cleavage sites. PMID- 6215626 TI - A technique to evaluate bone healing in non-human primates using sequential 99mTc methylene diphosphonate scintigraphy. AB - The assessment of bone healing through sequential nuclear medical scintigraphy requires a method of consistent localization of the exact fracture area in each consecutive image as the study progresses. This is difficult when there is surrounding bone activity as in the early stages of trauma, and also if complications should set in. The image profile feature, available from most nuclear medical computer software, facilitates this procedure considerably, as is indicated in the present report on bone healing in baboons. Together with roentgenology and histology a 99mTc-MDP study was in this way successfully done on the healing of long bone fractures experimentally induced in non-human primates. Different surgical implants were used. The results indicate that 99mTc MDP accurately reflects the physiological activity in bone. The time-activity curves obtained are presently being studied together with extensive histology, bearing possible clinical application in mind. PMID- 6215627 TI - Communication between professionals and parents of handicapped children. Could you care more? PMID- 6215628 TI - Nursing care study: iatrogenic disease. PMID- 6215629 TI - Spotlight on children. Handicap in hospital. PMID- 6215630 TI - Nursing care study: the loss of baby Elizabeth. PMID- 6215631 TI - Altered skin integrity in patients receiving radiation therapy. PMID- 6215632 TI - Pedodontic manpower and productivity in North Carolina--a pilot project. PMID- 6215633 TI - Too many pedodontists? If so, what then? PMID- 6215634 TI - Lesch-Nyhan syndrome: a treatment planning dilemma. PMID- 6215635 TI - Pioneers in pedodontics: influential leaders of the past (John C. Brauer). PMID- 6215636 TI - Calcium channel blockers: indications and limitations 2. Use in angina and other cardiac disorders. AB - As discussed in part 1 of this article (page 97), intravenous verapamil (Calan, Isoptin) has established antiarrhythmic value. Attention now centers, however, on the antianginal value of the calcium channel blocking drugs because of the recent introduction of oral preparations for control of variant, stable and unstable angina. PMID- 6215637 TI - Measurement of blood flow by nuclear magnetic resonance. PMID- 6215638 TI - The spectrum of staphylococcal disease. From Job's boils to toxic shock. AB - Strains of Staphylococcus aureus are known to differ in their ability to produce a number of toxins and digestive enzymes that may contribute to the organisms's virulence and invasive potential. Independent from these, however, certain strains produce a variety of specific toxins that cause specific clinical diseases, including staphylococcal food poisoning, staphylococcal enterocolitis, exfoliative skin disorders, and most recently, the toxic shock syndrome. This article reviews those diseases known to be mediated by specific staphylococcal toxins. PMID- 6215639 TI - Recent advances in cardiology. PMID- 6215640 TI - Clinical and biochemical effects of parachlorophenylalanine in a patient with the carcinoid syndrome. PMID- 6215641 TI - Treatment of the Budd-Chiari syndrome in polycythemia vera by repeated percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of a hepatic vein stenosis. PMID- 6215642 TI - The effect of mercury and vitamin E on tissue glutathione peroxidase activity and thiobarbituric acid values. AB - The effects of methyl mercuric chloride (CH3 HgCl) and mercuric chloride (HgCl2) on red blood cell (RBC), plasma, and liver glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities were determined in Japanese quail fed a semipurified diet with 1 ppm added selenium (Se). The RBC GSH-Px activity was significantly increased by 5 ppm mercury (Hg) as CH3 HgCl. Plasma GSH-Px activity was significantly depressed only in th 20 ppm Hg group. Liver GSH-Px activity was not affected. The RBC GSH-Px activity was significantly lower at all levels of HgCl2 compared to the Ch3 HgCl treated birds. Plasma and liver GSH-Px activity of the HgCl2 -treated birds were not significantly different from control values. In a second experiment, GSH-Px activity and estimates of peroxidation via the thiobarbituric acid (TBA) test were determined on quail fed diets containing .07 ppm added Se to which either 10 ppm Hg as CH3 HgCl or 150 ppm Hg as HgCl2 were added with or without the supplementation of vitamin E. Plasma and kidney GSH-Px activities were unaffected by CH3 HgCl, whereas RBC GSH-Px was significantly elevated. Kidney GSH-Px was significantly depressed by HgCl2-Vitamin E had no effect on GSH-Px activities. Vitamin E protected the liver, kidney, and brain from peroxidation; however, peroxidation was not induced by either of the mercurials. PMID- 6215643 TI - High tolerance of broilers to vomitoxin from corn infected with Fusarium graminearum. AB - Corn purposely infected with Fusarium graminearum was found to contain 800 to 900 mg vomitoxin/kg. Contaminated corn was substituted for control corn at 0, 6, 12, 18, and 24% in a corn-soybean meal ration. Broiler cockerels were given each experimental diet from 6 to 11 days of age; then sample groups were necropsied. Remaining birds were subsequently offered commercial starter for 2 days and sample groups again necropsied. Growth and diet consumption were not significantly reduced until contaminated corn exceeded 12% of the ration (116 mg vomitoxin/kg). Alertness, coordination, and feathering appeared normal regardless of treatment. Birds that received contaminated corn exhibited plaques in the mouth and gizzard erosions proportional to the level of substitution. All lesions were generally restricted to the epithelial layer and no liver or kidney involvement could be demonstrated. A short return to uncontaminated feed eliminated most lesions. Fowl appear to be considerably more tolerant of vomitoxin than swine. PMID- 6215644 TI - Fixed genital drug eruption. PMID- 6215645 TI - [Diagnosis of tuberculosis in children at tuberculosis institutions before hospitalization]. PMID- 6215646 TI - [Clinical x-ray characteristics of children and adolescents observed in group IIIA of the dispensary registration]. PMID- 6215647 TI - Sex and the handicapped: I. Changes in attitudes. PMID- 6215648 TI - Sex and the handicapped. II. Changes in policy and practice. PMID- 6215649 TI - Neutron scattering studies and modeling of high mobility group 14 core nucleosome complex. AB - Considerable evidence relates the nonhistone proteins high mobility group (HMG) 14 and HMG 17 with the structure of active or potentially active chromatin. In this study, bulk nucleosome core particles prepared from chicken erythrocytes and the complex formed by binding two HMG 14 molecules per nucleosome core were studied by use of small-angle neutron scattering techniques. By varying the H2O/2H2O ratio, and hence the contrast between the solvent and the particles, it was possible to determine the radius of gyration of the protein and of the DNA independently and as a function of HMG 14 binding. The results show an increase of 0.9 +/- 0.6 A (mean +/- SEM) in the protein radius of gyration and of 2.7 +/- 0.6 A in the DNA radius of gyration upon binding of HMG 14 to the nucleosome. These changes are considered in the light of several postulated modes for the unfolding or perturbation of the nucleosome structure. Modeling calculations demonstrate that the observed changes in radius of gyration for the DNA and for the protein are too small to be consistent with an overall unfolding or opening of the core particle upon HMG 14 binding. However, the observed changes are consistent with several models that involve only minor changes in the structure. It is postulated that the differences observed may be an indication of the type of conformational change occurring in active nucleosomes. PMID- 6215650 TI - Isolation and identification of a biologically active peptide derived from the CH3 domain of human IgG1. AB - A 24-amino acid residue peptide has been isolated from the Fc region of a human IgG1 myeloma protein. The peptide has associated with it the same ability to induce murine B cells to polyclonally secrete antibody as does the intact Fc fragment. Amino acid composition of the peptide indicates that on a mole/mole basis the isolated peptide is identical to that published for residues 335-358 in the Eu IgG1 sequence. This peptide corresponds roughly to the first 24 amino acids of the CH3 domain. It is believed that the immunoregulatory properties that have been ascribed to the Fc fragment are associated with this peptide. PMID- 6215651 TI - A small hypervariable segment in the variable domain of an immunoglobulin light chain stimulates formation of anti-idiotypic suppressor T cells. AB - The induction in BALB/c mice of suppressor T cells that block a delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) response to the idiotype of M315, a myeloma protein of BALB/c origin, was examined with a variety of immunoglobulin chains and fragments whose amino acid sequences are known. Normal BALB/c mice receiving either the light chain of M315 (L315, lambda 2 isotype) or the variable (V) domain of this chain prior to sensitization with M315 showed marked suppression of DTH to the M315 idiotype. In contrast, neither the heavy chain nor the variable domain of the heavy chain of M315 affected the DTH response. Two other lambda 2 chains were tested and they also failed to suppress DTH to M315. Comparison of amino acid sequences in the three lambda 2 chains indicates that in L315 at most four V region amino acid substitutions (each resulting from a somatic mutation in the V lambda 2 germ-line gene) determine the specificity of the T-cell suppressor pathway. One of the four is in the framework and probably of negligible importance; the other three, however, are all clustered in the third hypervariable loop of the L315 V domain. The tertiary structure of L315 may also be essential, because disruption of intrachain disulfide bonds abolished the ability of the chain to induce suppression. PMID- 6215652 TI - D-Fenfluramine and D-norfenfluramine reduce food intake by acting on different serotonin mechanisms in the rat brain. PMID- 6215653 TI - Liquid crystal thermography. A new tool for evaluating low back pain. AB - Liquid crystal thermography was used to determine low back skin temperature patterns in 62 patients hospitalized for low back pain and 22 college volunteers with no previous history of back pain. The patients were separated into four groups according to their diagnoses at discharge: patients with 1) degenerative discogenic lesions, 2) acquired lesions, 3) congenital and developmental lesions, 4) back pain resulting from unknown causes. No significant differences were found between the average equilibrated thermogram temperatures of the control subjects (32.4 +/- 0.5 degrees C) and patient groups. However, the temperature gradients found on the thermograms of patients with discogenic lesions (3.1 +/- 0.6 degrees C) and acquired lesions (3.1 +/- 1.0 degrees C) were significantly greater (p less than .05) than those of the pain-free subjects (2.5 +/- 0.5 degrees C). Tenderness to palpation was associated with elevated skin temperatures in 80 percent of the patients studied. This study suggests that liquid crystal thermography may be a potentially useful tool for localizing soft tissue trauma in patients with low back pain. PMID- 6215654 TI - Treatment of functional chronic stooped posture using a training device and behavior therapy. A case report. AB - Functional posture problems and related gait problems are often difficult to manage clinically because of the difficulty of providing immediate feedback to clients during walking or standing and because of secondary personal gains provided the client for having the "disability." This article describes an inexpensive posture training device and treatment of a client with developmental disabilities and a long history of posture problems and secondary gait pattern abnormalities. Thirty-six short training sessions, coupled with a supportive daily living situation, produced marked improvements in the client's posture and gait. PMID- 6215655 TI - Seventeenth Mary McMillian lecture. "Everything is there before you discover it". PMID- 6215656 TI - Ascending pathway of low-threshold muscle afferents to the cerebral cortex and its possible role in motor control. PMID- 6215657 TI - Phospholipid pools in insect muscle: labelling by 32P in subcellular fractions in vivo. AB - The time course of the labelling of phospholipids by 32P, followed for 14 days in vivo, shows that there exists a fraction of PC (phosphatidylcholine) and PE (phosphatidyl ethanolamine) in mitochondria which exchanges phosphate very slowly; this fraction comprises about 25% of the total mitochondrial PC and about 50% of PE. In muscles followed during maturation these fractions were considerably smaller. For PI (phosphatidyl inositol), isotopic equilibrium is established rapidly between mitochondria and the microsomal fraction. During anaerobiosis the labelling of microsomal PC and PE is slowed down, yet the labelling of the mitochondrial phospholipids continues at a rate strongly suggesting that a transport from microsomal membranes to mitochondria takes place in vivo. In the 105 000 x g supernatant small amounts of phospholipids were found the specific activity of which was (for PC and PE) higher than that of microsomes after short incorporation times. On the basis of these observations a tentative scheme of the intracellular organization of phospholipid metabolism in insect flight muscle is being proposed. PMID- 6215659 TI - Extracellular potassium concentration in normal and denervated hind limb muscles of the rat. AB - K+-sensitive electrodes with a side pore were used for measuring extracellular potassium levels in control muscles and in the gastrocnemius, extensor digitorum and soleus muscles of the rat, one, 8 and 14 days after denervation. In all cases, the extracellular potassium level was close to 5 mmol.1-1. There were no substantial differences between muscles of different functional and morphological types and between control and denervated muscles. Elevated extracellular potassium cannot therefore be the reason for increased sensory outflow of impulses observed after motor denervation. PMID- 6215658 TI - Modification of calcium fluxes by dimethyl sulfoxide and 2-butoxyethanol in sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles: a possible mechanism for skeletal muscle relaxation induced by dimethyl sulfoxide. AB - In order to investigate the mechanism of skeletal muscle relaxation induced by dimethyl sulfoxide, 2-butoxyethanol and dimethyl sulfoxide were examined for their effects on 1) Ca2+ uptake into and efflux from sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles prepared from rabbit fast skeletal muscle and crayfish tail muscle by the murexide method, 2) ATPase activities of rabbit reticulum vesicles, 3) the isolated phrenic nerve-diaphragm preparation of the rat and 4) crayfish opener muscle preparation. Ca2+ efflux rate from rabbit reticulum vesicles was markedly decreased with increasing concentrations (5-20% v/v) of dimethyl sulfoxide without affecting the maximum Ca2+ uptake by the reticulum. 2-Butoxyethanol showed quite contrary effects. Dimethyl sulfoxide strongly inhibited the activity of basal ATPase rather than of Ca2+-dependent ATPase. 2-Butoxyethanol did not significantly inhibit the activity of basal ATPase, but markedly increased Ca2+ dependent ATPase activity. Antagonisms between dimethyl sulfoxide and caffeine were demonstrated either in contractions of crayfish opener muscles or in the Ca2+ release from crayfish sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles. These results indicate a possibility that dimethyl sulfoxide reversibly induces skeletal muscle relaxation mainly in the sarcoplasmic reticulum by means of decreasing the rate and the amount of Ca2+ release from the reticulum. PMID- 6215660 TI - Activities of muscle energy supplying enzymes after 5 days complete fasting in young men. AB - The effect of 5 days' complete fasting on the activity of 7 enzymes of energy supplying metabolism was studied in the vastus lateralis muscles of 9 healthy male volunteers. There was a significant decrease of lactate dehydrogenase (by 66%), triosephosphate dehydrogenase (by 61%), malate:NAD dehydrogenase (by 48%), hexokinase (by 40%), 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA-dehydrogenase (by 40%), triosephosphate dehydrogenase/3-hydroxyacyl-CoA-dehydrogenase (by 35%), citrate synthase (by 33%). Glycerolphosphate:NAD dehydrogenase activity did not decrease significantly. These findings suggest a) that utilization of the major energy substrates decreases; b) that the decrease mainly concerns the catabolism of carbohydrates, that of fatty acids to a lesser extent; c) that the decreased capacity of carbohydrate catabolism is partly compensated for by the predominance of the more economic aerobic-oxidative pathway; d) that the reducing equivalents formed in the cytosol may be transported via the glycerolphosphate shuttle into the respiratory chain to a greater extent, so that a greater portion is not lost by the reduction of pyruvate to lactate. PMID- 6215661 TI - Protection against selenite toxicity by previous administration of selenium compounds. AB - 2-month-old male rats kept on a standard laboratory diet containing 0.06 microgram Se/g dry weight were found to be more sensitive to the toxic action of selenite than female rats of corresponding age. This sex-dependent difference was not found in 20-day-old animals. Previous s.c. administration of 1 mumol of selenium in the form of sodium selenite lowered the sensitivity of male rats to the toxic effects of selenite. The protective effect of this dose persisted for 18 days. A similar protective action against the lethal effects of selenite in adult male rats was exhibited by sodium selenate, selenomethionine, and dimethylselenide, all in an amount equal to 1 mumol of selenium; pretreatment with trimethylselenonium iodide showed only an insignificant mortality decrease. Three days intake of deionized water with an addition of 0.1 or 1.0 microgram selenium/ml also protected male rats against lethal doses of selenite. Peroral pretreatment of adult females did not decrease their sensitivity to the lethal effects of selenite. PMID- 6215662 TI - Effect of etiroxate on LCAT activity and on certain energy metabolism enzymes in the rat. AB - Etiroxate (Skleronorm Grunenthal R) was administered 42 days to male Wistar rats and their serum and liver cholesterol and triglyceride levels, the rate of esterification of free cholesterol in their plasma by lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) (EC 2.3.1.43) and thriosephosphate dehydrogenase (TPDH) (EC 1.2.1.12), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) (EC 1.1.1.27), hexokinase (HK) (EC 2.7.1.1), c-glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) (EC 1.1.1.8), malate dehydrogenase (MDH) (EC 1.1.1.37) citrate synthase (CS) (EC 4.1.3.7) and hydroxyacylcoenzyme A dehydrogenase (HOADH) (EC 1.1.1.35) activity were determined in their liver. After 14 and 28 days, animals given etiroxate (600 micrograms/kg) had smaller weight increments than the controls and a significantly lower plasma free and esterified cholesterol level, but a significantly higher liver cholesterol concentration. Their final plasma and liver cholesterol concentrations did not differ significantly from the control values. Plasma triglyceride levels were significantly raised in treated animals at all the given intervals. LCAT activity was significantly higher throughout the whole time of treatment, with the maximum increase in the last phase. Glycolytic and oxidative enzyme activities were significantly raised, whereas GPDH activity was the same as in the controls. The results show that etiroxate accelerates cholesterol turnover in the endogenous pool by activating LCAT and stimulating energy metabolism. PMID- 6215663 TI - Glycine-and gaba-ergic elements in the development of embryonic spontaneous motility. AB - Relationships between the activating effect of strychnine [1 mg.kg-1 egg weight] and picrotoxin [1 mg.kg-1 e.w.] and the inhibitory effect of glycine [100 mg.kg-1 e.w.] and gamma-aminobutyric acid [100 mg.kg-1 e.w.] were studied in normal and spinal 15- and 17-day chick embryos. All the substances were applied onto the embryonic membranes and the spontaneous motor activity of the embryos served as indicator. The combined administration of the two convulsants evoked successive activation of spontaneous motility, with an early strychnine phase and a late picrotoxin phase. In the older embryos, the supraspinal parts of the brain were found to play a greater role in the activating effect of the two substances than in 15-day embryos. Study of the interrelationship of the two activators and the inhibitory amino acids failed to show specific relationships of an adequate degree. Simultaneous administration of the two inhibitory amino acids was followed by summation of their inhibitory effect on combined strychnine and picrotoxin activation. As the CNS developed, the effect of their reciprocal interaction shifted increasingly to the supra-spinal compartments of the brain. The results provided further evidence of the significance of the last phase of the chick embryo's development for the effective linking up of inhibitory mechanisms in the formation of embryonal behaviour. PMID- 6215664 TI - A hybrid computer model of stochastic activity of the neurone. AB - The authors describe a hybrid computer neurone model intended for the investigation of stochastic transformations effected by neurones in correlation to some of their physiological parameters. The model is designed so as to give the best possible characterization of the internal dynamics of a neurone with minimum limiting conditions. It allows the generation of suitable input stochastic processes or operates with input processes obtained experimentally in the living neurone and it carries out basic statistical tests of the output stochastic process. PMID- 6215665 TI - Model analysis of the frequency of neuronal action potentials in the case of Gaussian input stochastic processes. AB - The authors describe the effects of changes in excitatory and inhibitory synapse weight on the number of spikes generated in the presence of constant absolute refractory phase and threshold level values. Input stochastic processes with Gaussian distributions were presumed. The problem was resolved in a hybrid computer model of stochastic neuronal activity. The results are given in the form of "e-curves", "i-curves" and gradient fields. It was shown that, in a set of paired values of the two weights, zones could be found in which the number of generated spikes depended mainly on just one of them. It was also shown that, in a given neurone with a fixed synapse morphology, the effect of the individual synapses on the number of generated spikes altered with changes in input stochastic processes to the synapses. PMID- 6215666 TI - Effect of cold adaptation on total enzyme activities of L cells. AB - Using cytochemical methods, the authors tested enzymatic reactions in L-As and L C3 cells. They found that esterase activity in particular, but also several other enzyme activities, were higher in L-C3 cells than in L-As cells. This furnished further evidence of the raised metabolic activity of the cold-resistant cell subline L-C3 compared with the L-As line. PMID- 6215667 TI - Dynamics of the redox potential and rh of the rumen fluid of goats. AB - The redox potential (Eh) of the rumen fluid of goats varied from -145 to -190 mV and the corresponding rH values from 6.3 to 8.6. The redox potential values of the rumen fluid were influenced by changes in pH. The most oxidizing Eh values - and at the same time the lowest rH and pH values--were observed after a feeding ration containing readily available carbohydrates. No relationship was found between the fermentation rate and the redox potential. The association between the oxidation reduction state and the metabolic activity is best expressed by the rH values. In in vitro experiments, a higher pH or the addition of cysteine or sodium sulphide moved the redox potential of the rumen fluid towards more reducing values. A shift towards more oxidizing values occurred after acidification of the medium, or after the action of heavy metal ions or atmospheric O2. Various other compounds, including bubbling of the rumen fluid with hydrogen, had little or no effect. SH-groups probably play an important role in the formation of the negative redox potential in rumen fluid. PMID- 6215668 TI - A photo-transducer for isotonic muscle contraction measurements. PMID- 6215669 TI - Patient compliance in back and neck pain. PMID- 6215670 TI - The use of the 'International Classification of Impairments, Disabilities and Handicaps' in rehabilitation. PMID- 6215671 TI - Does the type of disabling impairment influence return to work? PMID- 6215672 TI - An evaluation of the protective properties of a new varnish. PMID- 6215673 TI - Social distance between self and stigmatized others. PMID- 6215674 TI - Lumbar facet joint injection: indication, technique, clinical correlation, and preliminary results. PMID- 6215675 TI - Relative accuracy of two diagnostic schemes for detection of pulmonary embolism by ventilation-perfusion scintigraphy. AB - Two diagnostic schemes for detection of pulmonary embolism by ventilation perfusion (V-P) scintigraphy were compared for relative accuracy by two groups of observers interpreting 70 V-P scintiscans. Observers in Group B, who used the criteria recently proposed by Biello et al., had a significantly smaller average number of "indeterminate" interpretations (41%) than did the observers in Group A (55%), who used a simpler scheme (p less than 0.05). In addition, Group B showed a slight improvement in positive predictive value without a deterioration in the negative predictive value compared with Group A. Along with this improvement in diagnostic performance, Group B achieved a significant reduction in interobserver variability compared with Group A for patients without pulmonary embolism (p less than 0.05). There was no significant difference in interobserver variability between the two groups for patients with pulmonary embolism. The diagnostic scheme introduced by Biello et al. represents a useful improvement for the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism by V-P imaging. PMID- 6215676 TI - Hospital safety programs: employees are entitled. Case in point: Doe v. St. Michael's Medical Center (445 A. 2d40 - N.J.). PMID- 6215677 TI - [Main problems of disability, its causes, effects and control]. PMID- 6215678 TI - [Headaches and the eye]. PMID- 6215679 TI - [Horton disease (temporal arteritis) and the eye]. PMID- 6215680 TI - [Choroid folds]. PMID- 6215681 TI - [Risk factors in thrombosis of the central retinal vein]. PMID- 6215682 TI - [Limits, errors and risks in the use of acupuncture in ophthalmology]. PMID- 6215683 TI - [Prerequisites to the automatic diagnosis of the pupillary reflex]. PMID- 6215684 TI - [Surgical complications and original solutions in optical keratophakoprosthesis implantation]. PMID- 6215685 TI - [Surgical treatment of congenital nystagmus]. PMID- 6215687 TI - [Ketamine in infantile ophthalmological anesthesia]. PMID- 6215686 TI - [Electromyographic observations on different forms of ocular nystagmus]. PMID- 6215688 TI - [Notes on the surgical technics used in cataract operations, with special reference to the last 10 years]. PMID- 6215689 TI - [Indomet 140, an ophthalmic preparation with indomethacin: therapeutic results]. PMID- 6215690 TI - [Treatment of vitreous hemorrhage]. PMID- 6215692 TI - [Crouzon's disease]. PMID- 6215691 TI - [Significance of papillary stasis in chronic respiratory insufficiency]. PMID- 6215693 TI - [Update on the clinical aspects and treatment of nystagmus]. PMID- 6215694 TI - [Frequency of the association of nystagmus with several congenital ocular diseases]. PMID- 6215695 TI - [The age of reproduction and genetic diseases]. PMID- 6215696 TI - [Chronic spinal subdural hematoma]. PMID- 6215697 TI - [Segmental, ischemic renal atrophy with a syndrome of lumbar pain, hematuria and arterial hypertension]. PMID- 6215698 TI - [Vectorcardiography in the decade of the eighties]. PMID- 6215699 TI - [Vectorcardiographic criteria. Conclusions of the Hispano-portuguese Committee of Experts in Vectorcardiography]. PMID- 6215700 TI - [Integration of the handicapped into the work force using electronic data processing]. AB - Successful settlement of disabled persons in gainful employment is closely contingent on both their training and the working environment present. For those disabled persons who cannot find jobs in the open market, it is possible to work in sheltered workshops. Founded on the initiative of parents of spastic children, the Saarbrucken Reha GmbH, a limited liability company for the sheltered employment of disabled persons, has for several years been employing disabled people in the field of text and data processing. This paper not only outlines some practical examples to illustrate suitable systems but also describes the types of tasks where good results can be achieved by the disabled employees. PMID- 6215701 TI - [The mentally ill and disabled-stepchildren of rehabilitation]. AB - The institutions traditionally catering for the mentally ill and disabled are more and more turning into Psychiatric Hospitals (Clinification). Efforts are being concentrated on treatment and therapy, while a majority of the chronically ill and disabled are placed in nursing homes for their long-term care (and are pensioned prematurely). Though an extensive network of rehabilitation facilities has been developed in the Federal Republic of Germany, and although social legislation has provided for equal status of the mentally ill and disabled with other ill or disabled persons, only a negligibly small number of patients from psychiatric facilities are given the opportunity for participating in rehabilitative measures. This arises from the fact that the present range of facilities has in the fist line been developed according to the rehabilitational needs of people with physical disability, and from a reluctance on the part of the agencies financially responsible for rehabilitation services and benefits (with the exception of social welfare) to honour this social legislative title of their mentally ill or disabled insured (except for patients with dependence problems and neuroses). As the official disability statistics, too, usually negate the specificity of mental illness and disability the problematic issue does not emerge openly. PMID- 6215702 TI - [Status of occupancy and structure of homes, institutions and workshops for the handicapped-results of a survey in Baden-Wurttemberg]. AB - Despite an increasing availability of smaller decentralized facilities, the main responsibility for provision of inpatient nursing and care of disabled persons continues to lie with the homes and institutions traditionally providing long term services for disabled people. In Baden-Wuerttemberg, a total of 70 homes and institutions, which vary greatly in size and structure, as available, comprising a total of 10,457 places in their nursing and residential sections. By far the greatest portion of the existing places (78.5 percent) is provided by institutions catering people with mental retardation. The average utilisation of the places available in homes and institutions is 97.4 percent. Client population structure in the facilities for mentally retarded persons differs appreciably from that of other facilities. This applies in particular to client age and to the treatment and therapy the individual receives. According to a 1979-1980 survey, the waiting lists of the homes and institutions comprised 785 applications for admission of disabled persons among them 290 applications for urgent admission and 495 made for precautionary reasons. A total of 9,148 places are available in sheltered workshops in Baden-Wuerttemberg. Average utilisation is 92.2 percent. Workshop population structure is characterised by a high share of younger clients. Only few openings will therefore presumably contrast with a high number of applications for entry that are expected to be forth-coming The need for sheltered workshop places will therefore continue to rise over the years ahead. PMID- 6215703 TI - [The relation between workload and strain in the presence of severe physical disability-findings of a case study]. AB - The workload on a physically disabled subject is compared to the load on a non disabled subjects at identical tasks over a period of 5 shifts each. Various indicators for assessment of the physical working capacity as well as recordings of heart rates during activity are compared. The findings indicate that, in spite of comparable load, the strain may be greater for the disabled person than for the non-disabled, which does however not necessarily entail a difference in output. PMID- 6215704 TI - [Experimental diabetic retinopathy]. PMID- 6215705 TI - Laparoscopy in children and for screening a new technique. PMID- 6215707 TI - Physical activity in the treatment of stress disorders of the musculo-skeletal system. AB - Stress disorders make up the largest group of diseases in morbidity statistics. These disorders may be defined as morbid changes in the muscles, tendons, joints and vertebral column, arising as the result of malfunction or over-function, i.e. stresses which with time or through intensity exceed the limit for the strength of the tissues. The disorders are caused by physical and/or psycho-social circumstances. In treating the different forms of stress disorders, physical activity has been utilised with good results. Training is believed to work both through its favourable effect on the function and physical strength of the various tissues and through its general capacity for relaxing the musculature. PMID- 6215706 TI - The cross tolerance hypothesis in IR-gene systems, rheumatic fever and ankylosing spondylitis. PMID- 6215709 TI - Classification of low-back pain. PMID- 6215708 TI - Immunogenicity of allograft components. III. Immunogenic components in the rat heart allografts and reduction of immunogenicity of leukocytes by pretreatment of the cell donor. AB - Enzymatically disaggregated DA hearts were fractionated into three components, one isolated for endothelial cells, another for myocardial cells and the third for passenger cells. Cells of each component were used separately to prime AgB incompatible AO recipients in the "primed rejection assay", PRA. The primed recipients were transplanted 72 hours later with a DA heart allograft. Only cells of the passenger-enriched component induced accelerated rejection, indicating that the most immunogenic component in rat heart is indeed, the passenger population. DA spleen cells were then used to simulate the passenger cells in an attempt to elucidate the mechanisms of survival prolongation by donor pretreatment. DA strain rats were pretreated with different cytotoxic drugs known to prolong strongly, moderately or not at all the survival of a heart allograft by donor pretreatment. Their spleen cells were harvested 6 hours later and used either (a) to prime AO recipients for the PRA or (b) as stimulator cells in one way mixed lymphocyte culture. With one exception, the drugs capable of prolonging graft survival failed to induce accelerated rejection and were non-stimulating or only weakly stimulating in the MLC. The drug pretreatment did not significantly alter the survival of stimulator cells in vitro. In summary, the results are compatible with an earlier hypothesis that donor pretreatment primarily affects the passenger leukocyte component of the organ allograft by reducing its immunogenicity. PMID- 6215710 TI - [Nifedipine in the treatment of hypertrophic non-obstructive cardiomyopathy]. AB - The left ventricle of patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is typically asymmetrically hypertrophied and noncompliant. The stiff, hypertrophied left ventricle plays a key role in the pathophysiology of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with and without an outflow tract gradient. In 11 patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy without a resting outflow gradient, we assessed the effects of nifedipine (10 mg orally) on echocardiographic measurements of left ventricular (LV) relaxation and diastolic filling. Control and one hour post nifedipine M mode and two-dimensional echocardiograms were performed and the following LV parameters were measured: end-diastolic dimension, systolic shortening, isovolumic relaxation time (IVRT, time from aortic component of the second heart sound to mitral valve opening; msec), maximal fiber lengthening velocity (-VCF; circ/sec), and the percent diameter increase during the rapid filling phase (%DRF; %). Cuff systolic blood pressure fell after nifedipine from 153 to 136 mm Hg (p less than 0.05) as did diastolic pressure from 97 to 85 mm Hg (p less than 0.01). Heart rate was insignificantly increased (72 to 75/min) while end diastolic dimension and systolic shortening were unaltered. IVRT decreased from 99 to 82 msec (p less than 0.01) and both -VCF (-4.0 to -5.0 circ/sec, p less than 0.01) and % DRF (76 to 81%, p less than 0.05) increased, suggesting more rapid relaxation and augmented filling. Thus, nifedipine improves diastolic filling dynamics in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and therefore appears to be useful for treatment of the nonobstructive form of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. PMID- 6215711 TI - Disseminated intravascular coagulation: the application and utility of diagnostic tests. PMID- 6215713 TI - [Activities of santoria and preventoria for the students of vocational and technical schools]. PMID- 6215712 TI - Technetium - 99M methylene-diphosphonate bone scan: mechanisms and clinical applications. PMID- 6215714 TI - [Current status and means of improving the organization of postgraduate physician training in Volgograd Province]. PMID- 6215715 TI - [A. M. Aliev: outstanding Party and government activist and public health and medical science organizer in Soviet Azerbaijan]. PMID- 6215717 TI - [Organization of a resuscitation service in a pediatric surgery center]. PMID- 6215716 TI - [Comparative evaluation of specific diagnostic methods in Q fever]. PMID- 6215718 TI - [Health status and work capacity of pensioners living in a rural locality]. PMID- 6215719 TI - Scoliosis in the elderly: a follow-up study. AB - A follow-up x-ray study of 554 subjects aged between 50 and 84 years has been carried out to determine the appearance, presence, and progression of scoliosis in the elderly and its relationship to osteoporosis and back pain. The subjects were chosen from a population group of 3600 subjects examined 7 to 13 years previously in the same investigators. Some degree of scoliosis was found in 70% of the subjects, and curves of 10 degrees or more in approximately 30%. Ten percent of the subjects had developed scoliosis de novo during the follow-up period. There was no direct relationship between the presence or progression of scoliosis and osteoporosis. There was no direct relationship between scoliosis and back pain or between scoliosis and degenerative changes in the spine. Since scoliosis in the elderly seldom becomes a clinical problem of significance, there would appear to be no valid reason for a more extensive study of the condition at this time. PMID- 6215720 TI - Organic status, psychological disturbance, and pain report characteristics in low back-pain patients on compensation. AB - The relationship betewwn compensation and three variables--psychologic disturbance, organic status, and pain report characteristics--was assessed. Patients on compensation were clinically similar to patients not on compensation in the relative frequency of cases of psychologic disturbance and nonorganic findings in each group. Patients on compensation differed only when objective evidence of organic disease and psychologic stability was present. Under these circumstances, the compensation group used 43% more words to describe their pain and endorsed more pain qualities on five independent dimensions of pain. These results indicate that compensation primarily affects the description of low-back pain in cases where objective evidence of injury is present and leads to an intensification of sensory discomfort. Little justification was found for the atmosphere of suspicion that surrounds patients on compensation who have no evidence of organic disease. PMID- 6215721 TI - Significant living without Warnock. PMID- 6215722 TI - Further education: the legal basis. PMID- 6215723 TI - Optimism versus realism? PMID- 6215724 TI - Sixteen-and what next? PMID- 6215725 TI - SSI: trends and changes, 1974-80. AB - By the end of 1980, the Supplemental Security Income (SSI) program was making monthly cash assistance payments, averaging $170, to almost 4.2 million aged, blind, and disabled persons. When SSI payments began in January 1974, the number of recipients was 3.2 million and the average payment was $117. Since 1975, both SSI payments and Social Security benefits have been automatically adjusted each year to correspond with increases in the Consumer Price Index. A number of other trends in addition to growth can be discerned in the size of the population served, as well as in their categorical, geographic, and age distributions. This article discusses some of these trends and changes, using program data for the end of each calendar year through 1980. It also presents a brief summary of the program at the end of that period. PMID- 6215726 TI - Recent trends in the Social Security Disability Insurance Program. AB - Earlier analysis documented the rapid growth of the Disability Insurance (DI) program from 1966 to 1975; this article discusses trends since 1975. Over the decade of the 1970's, the population insured for disability increased by 34 percent, and women as a proportion of the insured population rose from 32.4 percent in 1970 to 39.1 percent in 1980, reflecting the increase in female labor force participation. Of disabled workers receiving benefits, the proportion that were women rose from 28.4 percent in 1970 to 32.4 percent in 1979. Although inflation caused total benefit costs to rise over the entire period, the number of DI beneficiaries began to decline in 1978. Disabled-worker awards reached a peak in 1975 and fell subsequently so that the 1969 and 1981 figures are approximately equal. Relative to 1970, the fraction of awards going to women increased, the share for persons aged 50-54 rose, and the proportion received by those aged 60-64 declined. Decreased in total awards, and hence recipients, stemmed primarily from higher rates of denial at both the initial application and the reconsideration stages. Higher denials were countered by substantial rises in the number of hearings and reversals by administrative law judges (ALJ's). in 1980, only 65 percent of all awards came from initial applications, while over a fourth resulted from ALJ reversals. In future years, recent legislative changes may be expected to curtail program expansion further. PMID- 6215727 TI - [Sterilization in women]. PMID- 6215728 TI - Recanalization of totally occluded femoropopliteal vein grafts with low-dose streptokinase infusion. PMID- 6215729 TI - Hernia abdominalis permagna: a staged repair with the temporary use of prosthetic material. PMID- 6215731 TI - [Midsummer Eve festival in Ribelund care institute: nurse at the stake instead of the witch]. PMID- 6215730 TI - [Hospital personnel especially exposed to back injuries]. PMID- 6215732 TI - [Sharp reaction to "nurse burning": dissociate oneself from the initiative of destroying others]. PMID- 6215733 TI - [Nursing and handicapped welfare. Nurses and social educators direct application to county municipality: joint effort to arrange resources according to need]. PMID- 6215734 TI - [Nursing and handicapped welfare. Situation in the country's largest welfare institute: 17 nurses but their load is more than 50]. PMID- 6215735 TI - [Epidemiologic and geographic problem of organic diseases of the urinary system]. PMID- 6215736 TI - [T-suppressor functional activity in systemic lupus erythematosus and chronic glomerulonephritis]. PMID- 6215737 TI - Immediate response to cigarette smoke. AB - Using an automated method of calculating airways resistance in the body plethysmograph, we have investigated changes occurring immediately after inhalation of cigarette smoke. Decreases in specific conductance occurred by the time of the first measurement seven or eight seconds after exposure to single inhalations of cigarette smoke in 12 smokers and 12 non-smokers. Less than half of the initial change was present 40 seconds after the inhalation. Initial responses were greater in the non-smokers. Responses recurred with repeated inhalations in smokers and non-smokers. Prior administration of salbutamol and ipratropium bromide significantly inhibited the response and this inhibition appeared to be greater in non-smokers. Sodium cromoglycate inhaled as a dry powder had no effect on the response. PMID- 6215739 TI - In vivo platelet release in myeloproliferative disorders. AB - The in vivo platelet release reaction in 22 patients with myeloproliferative disorders has been studied by measuring plasma concentrations of the platelet release product beta-thromboglobulin (beta TG). Mean beta TG and mean beta TG: whole blood platelet count ratio were significantly raised in the patient group taken as a whole compared to an age matched control group. No significant increases were observed in the plasma concentrations of thrombin and plasmin sensitive fibrinogen fragments fibrinopeptide A (FpA) and B beta 1-42. The patients were divided into those who had normal, increased or decreased responses to in vitro ADP-induced platelet aggregation. Mean beta TG and the mean beta TG: whole blood platelet count ratio were higher in the increased and decreased responders to ADP than in the normal aggregation group, but the differences in means were not statistically significant. Aspirin given to six patients at a dose sufficient to eliminate the secondary phase of ADP-induced platelet aggregation reduced mean beta TG and the mean beta TG: whole blood platelet count ratio but did not alter mean FpA and B beta 1-42. It is concluded that the enhanced platelet release reaction seen in myeloproliferative disorders is independent of plasma protease activity that arises when coagulation and fibrinolytic systems are activated. PMID- 6215738 TI - Effects of acute and long-term bronchodilator treatment on regional lung function in asthma assessed with krypton-81m and technetium-99m-labelled macroaggregates. AB - We have investigated the effect of acute and long-term bronchodilator treatment on the distribution of ventilation and perfusion in 15 asthmatics using a gamma camera, krypton-81m (for ventilation) and technetium-99m macroaggregate (for perfusion). Individual peak expiratory flow (PEF) values before bronchodilation were slightly or moderately below the predicted values. The simultaneous ventilation images (analysed visually) showed areas of delayed ventilation in all patients (mean distribution score on 3-point scale 2.1). After isoprenaline inhalation (240 micrograms) the mean PEF increased by 24%, but the distribution of ventilation remained virtually unchanged in all patients (mean score 2.0). Simultaneously defects in perfusion could be seen in all patients (mean score 1.5). After intensive treatment, when the mean PEF increased by a further 29%, the distribution scores of ventilation and perfusion fell to 0.8 and 0.9, respectively. The results indicate that, without intensive and long-term treatment, appreciable inequality of ventilation and perfusion are usual consequences of asthma; and suggest that although larger airways are dilated by isoprenaline inhalations residual bronchial obstruction may still remain in some smaller airways, maintaining uneven distribution. Perfusion disturbances seem to be secondary to changes in regional ventilation. PMID- 6215740 TI - Changes of the fibrinolytic system of animals induced by injection of tissue plasminogen activator. AB - The changes in the fibrinolytic system of rats induced by repeated injections of tissue plasminogen activator (TPA) have been studied. The euglobulin fraction fibrinolytic activity increases 10 min after the first injection of TPA. Repeated injections of TPA for one or more days do not stimulate the fibrinolytic activity or TPA accumulation in the blood. Apparently in the absence of fibrin clots in the blood flow of healthy animals TPA is incapable of activating plasminogen conversion into plasmin. TPA, in its turn, is rapidly bound to the antiactivator and is excreted from the organism. PMID- 6215741 TI - [Tuberculosis in raptorial birds (II). Review of the literature and suggestions for clinical diagnosis and vaccination]. AB - Although avian tuberculosis is a common disease in raptors, the diagnosis is not often established in vivo. Mycobacterium avium, serotype 2, is the aetiological agent most commonly involved. As the disease may become apparent in a variety of clinical forms and as it is so common, routine screening for avian tuberculosis is advocated in any diseased raptor. X-ray examination should be a routine diagnostic procedure in diseased raptors. Laparoscopy is an important diagnostic tool in raptors. Laparoscopy followed by liver biopsy may be essential in the diagnosis of generalized avian tuberculosis. The usefulness of haematological examination in the diagnosis of avian tuberculosis in raptors should be studied. A diagnosis may be established by identifying acid-fast rods in a smear, followed by cultures of the organism on specific media. Of the immunological methods, tuberculination in conjunction with a rapid whole blood agglutination test would seem to be the most practical technique. However, closer examination of the practicability of the rapid whole blood agglutination test in the diagnosis of avian tuberculosis in raptors is desirable. Other immunological methods referred to in the literature are haemagglutination tests, an enzyme-labeled antibody test and a lymphocyte transformation test. Vaccination of birds against avian tuberculosis would appear to be possible, judging by the literature on the subject. Further study of this subject, however, is indicated to investigate the use of vaccinating birds of prey against this disease. PMID- 6215742 TI - [Anemia in lambs bred free of progressive interstitial pneumonia]. PMID- 6215743 TI - HLA-D locus in Israel. Characterization of 14 local HTC's and a population study. AB - Fourteen homozygous typing cells identified in Israel are described. Of these typing cells two were of Ashkenazi and 11 of non-Ashkenazi origin, while the remaining HTC was from an Arab donor. Ten of the 14 HTC's characterized in this manner were offspring of consanguineous marriages; all of them were non Ashkenari. Nine HTC's express specificities previously recognized in Caucasians, 4 HTC's represent new specificities (J1-J4), and one typing cell was found to be analogous to the Japanese Dw12 (DHO) specificity. The distribution of HLA-D specificities in 120 randomly selected Israelis representing the two main Jewish subpopulations, Ashkenazim and non-Ashkenazim, was studied with the locally defined HTC's. HLA-Dw5 and Dw10 were found to be significantly increased while Dw2 and Dw6 were significantly decreased in Israelis as compared to Caucasians. PMID- 6215744 TI - Hairless mice as models for chloracne: a study of cutaneous changes induced by topical application of established chloracnegens. PMID- 6215745 TI - Natural cell-mediated cytotoxicity and suppressor activity for natural cell mediated cytotoxicity in long-term renal transplant patients. PMID- 6215746 TI - Suppressor cells in rhesus monkeys treated with antithymocyte globulin. AB - Treatment of rhesus monkey skin allograft recipients with a brief course of rabbit antithymocyte globulin (ATG) produces an enduring immunosuppressive effect on the cellular immune system. Despite early recovery of circulating T cells, in vitro mitogen-induced lymphoproliferative responses of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) remain abnormally depressed for months. In this study we show that depressed mitogen-induced lymphoproliferative responses in these animals are attributable to regulatory effects of adherent PBMCs. Removal of the adherent fraction of PBMCs on Sephadex G-10 produced a significant restoration of the mitogen-induced lymphoproliferative responses in ATG-treated monkeys. Addition of the prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor indomethacin to cultures of unfractionated PBMCs from these animals also caused a significant recovery of the lymphoproliferative response. Indomethacin did not enhance the response of control animals or the response of the nonadherent PBMC fraction of ATG-treated animals. These data suggest that a prostaglandin-dependent mechanism is involved in the suppressive action of the adherent cells. PBMCs from ATG-treated monkeys cocultured with normal cryopreserved autologous cells induced a dose-dependent suppression in the response to both concanavalin A (Con A) and phytohemagglutinin (PHA). The suppressive activity depended upon the adherent cell fraction and was found to be resistant to low-dose gamma irradiation. These data indicate that administration of rabbit ATG induces nonspecific suppressor cells in the rhesus monkey. Preliminary characterization studies suggest the involvement of suppressor monocytes. The possible role of this suppressor cell system in the immunosuppressive action of rabbit ATG is discussed. PMID- 6215747 TI - Cyclosporin A prevents the appearance of cell surface "activation" antigens. PMID- 6215748 TI - Lymphocyte stimulation by canine kidney cells. AB - Lymphocyte stimulation in mixed kidney cell-leukocyte cultures (MKLC) has been investigated in a canine model. Canine kidney cells were obtained by perfusion trypsinization. Cultured kidney cells, which appeared to be of epithelial origin by several criteria, have been used as stimulator cells. Maximal stimulation was obtained in the MKLC and mixed leukocyte culture (MLC) at stimulator to responder (S:R) cell ratios of 1:20 and 1 1/2:1, respectively. Lymphocyte proliferation has been observed in cultures with kidney cells in S:R cell ratios lower than 1:20. Stimulation has not been observed in MLCs at these low ratios. The addition of graded numbers of kidney cells of the responder to a one-way MLC inhibited the response gradually. The fact that kidney cells have both strong stimulator capacities and inhibitor capacities could explain the lower optimal S:R ratio. Lymphocyte stimulation has not been obtained in mixed kidney leukocyte cultures between major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-identical closely bred animals. The nature of the antigens present on canine kidney epithelial cells stimulatory to allogeneic lymphocytes is discussed. PMID- 6215749 TI - Interaction of plasma fibronectin in the in vitro allograft response. PMID- 6215750 TI - The identification of two main-groups of Trypanosoma cruzi stocks from Brazil by their isoenzyme patterns of isoelectrofocusing. AB - The isoelectrofocusing of seven enzymes was studied using extracts of 40 Brazilian stocks of T. cruzi culture forms. Four enzymes showed intraspecific variation in enzyme profiles and were selected for characterization of T. cruzi. These enzymes are: nonspecific esterase (E.C.3.1.1), phosphoglucomutase (E.C. 2.7.5.1), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (E.C. 1.1.1.49) and glucosephosphate isomerase (E.C. 5.3.1.9). The parasite stocks were isolated from endemic areas in the States: Rio Grande do Sul, Sao Paulo, Espirito Santo, Minas Gerais and Bahia. By combining the electrophoretic patterns of the four enzymes concerned the stocks have been classified into two main-groups. Stocks of group I were exclusively isolated from wild animal reservoirs, whereas group II was mainly composed of stocks from human cases and domestic hosts. Only three "sylvatic" stocks have been found in group II. The enzymes glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and glucosephosphate isomerase showed further subtypes within both groups I and II; their significance is not yet clear. The results are in support of the existence of a domestic and a sylvatic transmission cycles in Brazil which are either clearly distinct or overlapping in some areas. PMID- 6215751 TI - Morphological characteristics and isoenzyme patterns of an Onchocerca sp. found in cattle in Southern Mexico. AB - An Onchocerca sp. was isolated from the nuchal ligaments of 78 out of 79 naturally infected cattle in Southern Mexico. Infections were moderate to heavy, averaging 20-30 parasites per nuchal ligament. Microfilariae were concentrated in the skin of the head and neck, although small numbers were found in the skin of the withers, brisket and medial abdomen. High numbers of microfilariae were found in the skin around the eye, but not in the ocular tissues themselves a situation dissimilar to that found in human onchocerciasis. Morphologically, adult females, males and microfilariae were identified as being O. gutturosa. Analysis of the isoenzyme patterns of LDH, MDH, PGM, GPI, PGD and ES of adult female worms, showed the Mexican parasite to be the same as O. gutturosa from England and Australia. PMID- 6215752 TI - [Primary structure of fibrinogen, its relation to conformation and function of the molecule]. AB - Data available in literature are generalized for the amino acid sequence of three fibrinogen chains, their homology and a possibility for their common precursor to exist. The primary structure of resistant products of fibrinogen splitting by plasmin, compactness of their space organization and mutual arrangement in the intact molecule are described. The relation between the primary structure of fibrinogen and its high specificity as a thrombin substrate is traced. Evidence is considered concerning localization of active molecule centres to provide spontaneous polymerization of fibrin. PMID- 6215753 TI - [Localization of acute gastrointestinal bleeding with 99mTc-albumin scintigraphy]. PMID- 6215754 TI - [Causes of eczema demonstrated by patch tests in a specialized dermatological practice]. PMID- 6215755 TI - [Allergic contact eczema following use of sodium methyldithiocarbamate (Metan-Na) for eradicating roots in drains]. PMID- 6215756 TI - [Moxalactam (lamoxactam)]. PMID- 6215757 TI - Disability claim evaluation: panel discussion. PMID- 6215758 TI - [Laparoscopy in diseases of organs of the hepatobiliary system]. PMID- 6215759 TI - Experimental infections with Dictyocaulus viviparus in vaccinated and unvaccinated red deer. AB - Four of eight red deer calves which had been artificially reared and were lungworm free were vaccinated with bovine lungworm oral vaccine when eight weeks old; the other four were not vaccinated. Three of each category were challenged daily with 500 Dictyocaulus viviparus infective stage larvae per kg liveweight for 17 days when six months old while one in each category was left as an unchallenged control. The effects of challenge were monitored and all challenged deer and one control were killed for post mortem assessment. Challenge with D viviparus was associated with reduced food intakes and weight gains but vaccinated calves were less affected than unvaccinated ones. The reaction of the alveolar tissue of red deer lung to D viviparus was mild in vaccinated and unvaccinated animals and differed from that of bovine lung in that alveolar epithelialisation was limited and hyaline membrane formation and interstitial emphysema were not seen. The disease was most evident in and around airways and was less in vaccinated calves. It was concluded that young red deer are tolerant to D viviparus but will readily acquire infection. PMID- 6215760 TI - Assessment of T lymphocyte responses induced by parasite antigens. AB - Recently developed procedures for the isolation and continuous growth in vitro of T lymphocytes can be used to extend our knowledge of cellular immune responses elicited by parasitic infections. These procedures are adaptable to the study of both the inductive and effector phases of T cell responses. The inductive phase of T cell responses is measured by assessing the level of blastogenesis induced in antigen-primed lymphocyte populations by parasite antigens. The development of limiting dilution analyses and procedures for the repeated in vitro restimulation of such cells have allowed for the quantitation of blastogenic responses, and for the isolation of antigen-reactive T cells. The effector phase of T cell responses is assessed by assays that detect either, cytolytic activity of the antigen responsive cells, the secretion of lymphokines by the responding cells, or specific or non-specific T cell mediated immunosuppression. PMID- 6215761 TI - Spread of infective Dictyocaulus viviparus larvae in pasture and to grazing cattle: experimental evidence of the role of Pilobolus fungi. AB - Four calves experimentally infected with Dictyocaulus viviparus were made Pilobolus-free by hygienic measures and by feeding them irradiation sterilized feed. Two of the calves were only administered laboratory cultured Pilobous sporangia daily. As a result, the faeces from one pair contained D. viviparus larvae and Pilobolus sores, and the faeces from the other one pair contained D. viviparus larvae, but no Pilobolus spores. Two identical plots were used for deposition of the two kinds of faeces, and one of them remained free of Pilobolus fructification. Herbage sampling and the use of tracer calves revealed that on this plot the larval contamination and the infectivity of the pasture were greatly reduced. A mean larval count of 1321 near the faecal pats (0-5 cm) in the plot where Pilobolus was observed was reduced to 69 per kg of herbage on the Pilobolus-free plot. At a distance of 100 cm from the pats, a reduction from 99 to 3 larvae per kg herbage was found. Each plot was grazed by four parasite-free tracer calves for 3 days. During the subsequent stabling period of these calves, the lungworm larval excretion of those from the Pilobolus-free plot was reduced by 90% and the clinical symptoms were milder than those which grazed the plot which contained the fungus. The mean post mortem worm counts after 4 weeks of stabling showed a reduction from 167 to 25 worms. A more marked effect of Pilobolus fungi on the transmission of D. viviparus infection is to be expected under field conditions where calves are grazing more selectively than in the present study. PMID- 6215762 TI - [Methodological aspects of the standardization of indices of x-ray services to the population]. PMID- 6215764 TI - [Experience with medical provisions for the 13th army at the battle of Kursk]. PMID- 6215763 TI - Viral proteins and adenosine triphosphate phosphohydrolase activity of fish lymphocystis disease virus. PMID- 6215765 TI - [Development of the neurology service at the Central N. N. Burdenko Military Clinical Hospital (on the 275th anniversary of the founding of the hospital]. PMID- 6215766 TI - Plasma exchange as a therapy for Guillain-Barre syndrome with immune complexes. PMID- 6215767 TI - Norwegian scabies: a case report and review of the literature. PMID- 6215768 TI - [Spontaneous hematoma of the rectus abdominis muscle]. PMID- 6215769 TI - Auto-immune response in degenerated lumbar disk. PMID- 6215770 TI - [Recommendations for evaluation and assessment of electrocardiograms of adolescents and adults. Brief programmed course. 8. Partial program III: Right atrioventricular hypertrophy, left atrioventricular hypertrophy and biatrioventricular hypertrophy. 1. Electrocardiography criteria for hypertrophy in adolescents]. PMID- 6215772 TI - [Prevention of thiea pedis in a chemical factory]. PMID- 6215771 TI - [Basic principles of occupational dermatologic appraisal]. PMID- 6215773 TI - [Career choice and career counseling of locomotor-damaged patients]. PMID- 6215774 TI - [Laparoscopic picture of perihepatitis following an acute Coxsackie virus infection (Bornholm disease)]. PMID- 6215775 TI - [The Medusa complex, the psychopathology of human aggression within the scope of the attachment theory, reflected in the Medusa myth, autism and schizophrenia]. PMID- 6215776 TI - [Is secondary myocardial hypertrophy a physiological or pathological adaptive mechanism?]. AB - Physiological hypertrophy is present when the increase in myocardial mass resulting from chronic mechanical loading is associated with normal or enhanced myocardial function and myosin ATPase activity. Morphological alterations occurring during the formation of hypertrophy are fully reversible in physiological hypertrophy. In pathological hypertrophy myocardial function and myosin ATPase activity are depressed and morphological changes do not or only incompletely regress following the elimination of the stimulus of hypertrophy. In the experimental animal myocardial hypertrophy resulting from exercise conditioning or slight to moderate ventricular pressure overload fulfills the criteria of physiological hypertrophy. More severe sudden pressure overload is accompanied by depression of contractile function. These pressure overload models have however, little analogy to the more progressive development of pressure loading in humans. In young dogs and in cats with a gradually increasing pressure load, in vivo ventricular ejection fraction remained within normal limits 37 to 60 weeks after banding of the ventricular outflow vessel. In vitro myocardial function evaluated in the hypertrophied papillary muscle was, however, at least in part depressed, notably when hydroxyproline concentration was augmented. Following debanding in rats with aortic constriction hydroxyproline content did not regress suggesting that fibrosis once established is not reversible. In man myocardial hypertrophy from exercise conditioning is associated with normal ventricular function except in older athletes, who may show a subtle reduction in ventricular shortening. Patients with chronic pressure overload from aortic stenosis or volume overload from aortic insufficiency in whom the angiographic muscle mass is severely increased (greater than or equal to 180 g/m2) elicit a depressed left ventricular contractile function. Preserved left ventricular ejection performance in aortic valve disease is however not associated with normal myocardial structure because interstitial fibrosis evaluated from endomyocardial biopsies or biopsies obtained at surgery was found to be increased. Patients with depressed left ventricular contractility were characterized by having an abnormally high muscle fibre diameter. Normal function after surgery was not accompanied by normalization of myocardial structure: Interstitial fibrosis increased, fibrous content remained the same and cellular hypertrophy regressed incompletely regardless whether angiographic muscle mass had regressed to normal or remained still increased after surgery. In summary, the bulk of available functional and morphological data suggests that the occurrence of true physiological hypertrophy is probably limited to exercise conditioning and eventually to mild chronic mechanical overload. The more severe secondary hypertrophy such as in patients with aortic valve disease who undergo valve replacement, is not a physiological adaptation, but must be considered as a pathological process. PMID- 6215777 TI - [The etiology, course and prognosis of dilated cardiomyopathy]. AB - In order to study the etiology, the clinical course and the prognosis of patients with DCM, clinical, morphological (endomyocardial catheter biopsy), angiographic and hemodynamic data of patients with DCM were studied. The total number of patients was 396. In 258 patients definite DCM was diagnosed, in 138 patients DCM was suspected, e.g., because of an additional history of alcoholism. ETIOLOGY: In no case acute subacute or chronic myocarditis was found in myocardial biopsies (n = 114) and at autopsy (n = 18). However, from the history strong evidence was obtained for DCM being the late stage of diphtheric heart disease predominantly among patients with complete left bundle branch block. As far as the alcoholic etiology is concerned, the only significant difference between DCM and alcoholic heart disease was a higher proportion of women among patients with DCM (28% and 5%, resp.). Clinical course and prognosis: 221 patients were studied prospectively (mean follow-up time 3.1 +/- 2.3 years), 44% of patients died or deteriorated. However, in patients with normal cardiothoracic ratio this rate amounted only to 12%. The mean annual mortality rate was 9.8% and varied significantly in relation to different subsets of patients from 0% to 17%. A bad prognosis was significantly indicated by young age, high cardiothoracic ratio, pronounced elevation of enddiastolic volume index and of left ventricular enddiastolic pressure at rest and of mean pulmonary artery pressure at exercise, by severe morphologic changes of myocardial biopsies, severe ventricular arrhythmias, the absence of transient abnormal elevation of arterial blood pressure during follow up, of complete left bundle branch block and of a positive history of diphtheria. However, the wide scatter of data diminished the significance of them for the definite prognostic evaluation of individual case. The cumulative survival curves of patients with a history of alcohol abuse did not differ from that of patients with DCM. The data demonstrate that DCM in patients with the history of diphtheria together with left bundle branch block is possible caused by an inflammatory process. According to the analysis of the clinical course and the prognosis, DCM is one of the most severe heart disease. However, in different subsets of patients, the clinical course may be stable for long time and even normal longevity cannot be excluded. PMID- 6215778 TI - [Hemodynamics of congestive cardiomyopathy]. AB - 202 patients with congestive cardiomyopathy have been classified according to their hemodynamic, angiographic, echocardiographic and scintigraphic findings: 72 patients were in the late stage (LS), 103 patients in an early stage (ES) and 17 patients showed a latent form of the disease. 48% of the hemodynamic ES were found to be clinically in stage IV NYHA and 53% of ES fell in class III. 40% of the patients with LS showed a stationary clinical course whereas 46% could improve their classification by one grade. The mortality in hemodynamic LS was 46% within an interval of 18 +/- 14 months after the diagnosis. In ES 64% showed a stable clinical course, where a 22% were deteriorating. Mortality in this group was 10%. Sensitivity and specificity of echocardiography (93 vs 80%) and radionuclide methods (80 vs 71%) were quite good in the late stage whereas in ES specificity was only 71% vs 80%. There was a discrepancy between the degree of myocardial impairment and clinical symptoms in the late stage whereas in the early stage there was no correlation between exercise capacity and LV hemodynamics. Non-invasive methods allow the hemodynamic evaluation of the disease; invasive methods are required for clarification of diagnosis or establishing prognosis. PMID- 6215779 TI - [Immunological examinations in dilated cardiomyopathies]. AB - Immunological data in dilated cardiomyopathies can differentiate the nosology of these diseases. In nearly one half of these dilated cardiomyopathies, binding of immunoglobuline in myocardial structures (biopsies) can be demonstrated. By immunohistological techniques collagen I in myocardial biopsies has been predominantly shown. In lymphocytes of the diseases patients the T-cell suppressor activity is low. This phenomenon seems to play an important role in the pathogenesis of dilated cardiomyopathies and can explain numerous humoral immunological findings. As conclusion the hypothesis can be drawn: several cases of dilated cardiomyopathies and myocarditis can be regarded as different stages of a single underlying disease, in which a low T-cell-suppressor activity seems to act as a predisposing factor. PMID- 6215780 TI - The measurement of enzyme activities in endomyocardial biopsies from patients with congestive (dilated) cardiomyopathy and specific heart muscle disease. AB - 50 patients with heart muscle disease have been investigated using routine invasive and non-invasive techniques, including endomyocardial biopsy. Enzyme activities in myocardial tissue obtained by biopsy have been measured in dilated cardiomyopathy and heart muscle disease and compared. Significant differences in enzyme activity have been found between dilated cardiomyopathy and alcoholic heart muscle disease when the groups are defined by detailed drinking histories. CPK (p less than 0.002), MDH (p less than 0.001), LDH (p less than 0.001) and alpha HBD (p less than 0.001). The changes in the enzyme levels may be an adaptive response to alcohol although serial study did not show a fall in enzyme activities after 3-6 months abstinence. Preliminary data furthermore indicates an association of the alpha HBD/LDH and LDH/CPK enzyme activity ratios and ejection fraction. This data supports the diagnosis of a specific heart muscle disease in response to alcohol excess. PMID- 6215781 TI - [The sick person and his environment]. PMID- 6215783 TI - Electromagnetic flowmetry for intraoperative monitoring. A useful tool in arterial surgery. PMID- 6215784 TI - [Coronary pathology: trends in diagnosis and treatment]. PMID- 6215782 TI - Equilibrium and kinetic studies of calcium transport and ATPase activity in sarcoplasmic reticulum. AB - A number of equilibrium and kinetic measurements are presented to characterize the partial reactions of the ATPase and transport cycle in sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles. The cycle begins with calcium and nucleotide binding on sites available on the outer surface of the vesicles. A phosphorylated enzyme intermediate is then formed, and the calcium sites are subjected to a change in their orientation and their affinity for calcium. It is shown that steps involved in calcium release on the inner side of the vesicles are rate limiting for the cycle, and are followed by hydrolytic cleavage of the intermediate with release of inorganic phosphate and recycling of the enzyme. PMID- 6215785 TI - [Dynamics of the blood level of prostaglandin E2 in patients with acne undergoing combination therapy]. PMID- 6215786 TI - [Frequency and variability of staphylococcal populations isolated from patients with abscessing acne]. PMID- 6215787 TI - [Allergic dermatitis as a result of using mercurial preparations]. PMID- 6215788 TI - [Acute bullous dermatitis developing after topical application of figs]. PMID- 6215789 TI - [Onychomycosis caused by Microsporum canis]. PMID- 6215790 TI - [Participation of monoamines in mechanisms of hypothalamic regulation of cortical trace processes in the rat]. PMID- 6215791 TI - [Phenomenon of gene overlapping from the viewpoint of evolutionary theory]. PMID- 6215792 TI - [Tooth extraction in children with blood coagulation disorders]. PMID- 6215793 TI - Piperacillin in paediatric surgery. AB - 23 infants and children, aged 1 month - 15 years, were treated with piperacillin, a new semi-synthetic penicillin with a broad spectrum of activity. The indications were perforated appendicitis with peritonitis or abscess formation (12 patients), urinary tract infection due to congenital anomalies (3 patients), miscellaneous infections (3 patients) and peroperative prophylactic treatment (5 patients). The clinical response was good. Few adverse reactions were noted. The drug seems to be effective and safe. PMID- 6215794 TI - [Pulp protection and Evicrol fillings in a vital-microscopic test on the endodontium]. PMID- 6215795 TI - [Effects of Mg deficiency on the gingiva of female Wistar rats]. PMID- 6215796 TI - [Effects of casting conditions and heat treatment on hardness and microstructure of a silver-palladium alloy]. PMID- 6215797 TI - [Formation of a local flap: a new method of vestibular extension in the maxilla]. PMID- 6215799 TI - [Breakage tests and surface smoothness of working models after spraying the impressions with spray material]. PMID- 6215798 TI - [Results of functional and teleradiographic studies of cheilognathopalatoschisis patients. 1]. PMID- 6215800 TI - [Set-up of Gnathodent posterior teeth]. PMID- 6215801 TI - [Construction elements. Indications and classification]. PMID- 6215802 TI - [An adjusted intrabasal metallic attachment in the area of the lower complete removable denture ("overdenture")]. PMID- 6215803 TI - [Protective effect of Pseudomonas-specific immunoglobulin from the rabbit and of active immunization in experimental Pseudomonas sepsis in mice]. AB - Using the model of an experimental Pseudomonas septicemia in mice, the protective effect of specific antipseudomonal immunoglobulin from rabbits was examined. During bacterial spreading in the bloodstream, a protective effect could be demonstrated under certain conditions. The degree of protection was equivalent to that achieved by active immunization. After bacterial colonization and replication in parenchymal organs no further therapeutic effect could be detected. PMID- 6215804 TI - [Technical and clinical aspects of gynaecological laparoscopy]. AB - Described in this paper is experience so far gained from the use of Menken's technique for diagnostic laparoscopy. Particular reference is made to certain peculiarities of the technique, such as puncturing direction parallel to the vertebral column. At the Gynaecological Hospital of Cottbus Region, Diagnostic laparoscopy had been applied to 193 patients, between May 1st, 1978 and December 31st, 1980. Sterility (25,38 per cent) and suspicion of extra-uterine gravidity (17.62 per cent) had been the most common indications. - The laparoscopic findings are reported. Methodical problems and complications are mentioned and discussed. They accounted for something up to 4.66 per cent among the author's patients. PMID- 6215805 TI - [Is hysterosalpingography in sterility diagnosis still justified? Indications and value of hysterosalpingography and laparoscopy at the Berlin University Gynecologic Clinic]. PMID- 6215806 TI - [Diabetes mellitus in dwarf goats; model experiments with streptozocin]. PMID- 6215807 TI - [Enzyme histochemical and histometric studies of skeletal muscles in healthy fattened German Landrace swine]. PMID- 6215808 TI - [Emergency care in a unified system of psychiatric service to the population]. PMID- 6215809 TI - Transitions between alternate ATP-producing and ATP-consuming stationary states in a reconstituted enzyme system containing phosphofructokinase. AB - The kinetic behavior of a reconstituted eyzyme system containing purified phosphofructokinase, pyruvate kinase, adenylate kinase, and glucose 6-phosphate isomerase was investigated. Experimentally the approach is based on a stirred flow-through reactor containing gel entrapped enzymes. The experiments were performed on the basis of a mathematical model developed from the kinetic properties of the individual enzymes involved. The system is able to exhibit alternative stable stationary states for one set of experimental conditions (bistability) originating mainly from the allosteric character of the phosphofructokinase. From a functional point of view, these states are either ATP generating or ATP-consuming. Theoretically, the appearance of alternate steady states gives rise to hysteretic behavior of the system. In fact, transitions between alternate ATP generating stationary states as well as between ATP generating and ATP-consuming steady states were observed experimentally. PMID- 6215810 TI - [Pressure profile of the urethra in patients with infravesicular obstruction]. PMID- 6215811 TI - Effects of tamoxifen on the serum levels of oestrogens and adrenocortical steroids in postmenopausal breast cancer patients. AB - Peripheral serum levels of cortisol, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHA), dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHA-S), oestradiol-17 beta and total oestrone were measured in 17 postmenopausal breast cancer patients and on age-matched healthy controls. In the breast cancer patients analyses were performed before and after 1, 2, 4, 8 and 12 weeks of treatment with tamoxifen. Basal DHA levels were significantly higher in breast cancer patients than in controls; otherwise no significant differences were noted. Treatment with tamoxifen resulted in significantly elevated levels of cortisol throughout the period of treatment; this effect was probably solely due to an increase in transcortin levels. A transient but significant elevation in total oestrone, probably related to liver function, was observed after one week of treatment. No significant effects of tamoxifen were noted on serum DHA, DHA-S or oestradiol-17 beta. The results indicate that tamoxifen does not affect the adrenocortical steroid biosynthesis in postmenopausal women. The oestrogenic effects of tamoxifen upon FSH, prolactin and the oestrogen induced Pregnancy Zone Protein (PZP) in postmenopausal women, described in a previous communication from this group, are probably not due to any increase in the serum oestrogens since this increase is transient and hardly impressive. The weak oestrogenic effect of the tamoxifen-receptor complex itself may thus be sufficient to produce net oestrogenic effects in subjects with low endogenous oestrogens such as postmenopausal women. PMID- 6215812 TI - Secretion rates of thyroxine, triiodothyronine, and reverse triiodothyronine in man during surgery. AB - The secretion rates of T4, T3, and rT3 were studied in experiments of short duration by a new method based on determinations of the hormone difference across the thyroid combined with simultaneous electromagnetic thyroid blood flowmetry during surgery in 70 euthyroid patients. The secretion rate of T3 was similar in normal thyroid tissue and nodular goitre, but those of T4 and rT3 were lower in nodular goitre and solitary adenoma (P less than 0.05). In 61 patients with normal thyroid tissue or nodular goitre the secretion rates during surgery (mean +/- SEM) were for T4 222 +/- 28 nmol/day, for T3 27.4 +/- 3.1 nmol/day, and for rT3 3.5 +/- 0.5 nmol/day. In relation to the individual T4 secretion rate, the secretion rate of T3 was 12.5 +/- 3.0% and that of rT3 1.2 +/- 0.9%. In these short-term experiments we found a secretion rate for T4 during operation about 50% greater than in earlier long-term kinetic studies, but which tallied with a recent report using a 4-compartment model. For T3 and rT3 it was 2-3 times greater than earlier estimates. The secretion was estimated to be 50% of the total production rate for T3 and 6% for rT3. If proportional adjustment were performed to yield a T4 secretion of about 130 nmol/day. T3 and rT3 secretion rates would still be greater than earlier reported. PMID- 6215813 TI - Serum adrenal androgens in hyperprolactinaemic women prior to, during, and after chronic treatment with bromocriptine. PMID- 6215814 TI - Study on the control mechanism of iron absorption in the intestinal mucosa in rat, particularly as viewed from its ferritin level as well as ATPase and ALPase activities. PMID- 6215815 TI - Identical twin marrow transplantation in multiple myeloma. AB - We performed the first successful syngeneic bone marrow transplantation (BM Txp) in a patient with multiple myeloma. The patient and his normal identical twin are 50-year-old physicians. Prior to BM Txp, a partial remission was achieved with 1 year of continuous low dosage melphalan and prednisone therapy. Immediately before BM Txp, high dose cyclophosphamide and total body irradiation were administered in an attempt to eradicate the residual tumor. For 17 months after BM Txp, the patient was asymptomatic and hematologically normal although a low concentration of serum monoclonal IgGK persisted. In the 18th month, recurrence of bone pain and increase in the monoclonal IgG signalled exacerbation of the disease. Chemotherapy was resumed and again produced objective and subjective evidence of response. This study demonstrates the feasibility and potential usefulness of syngeneic BM Txp in myeloma. PMID- 6215816 TI - Cerebrospinal fluid "specific" proteins in various degenerative neurological diseases. AB - Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from patients suffering from various degenerative neurological diseases was fractionated into "CSF-specific" and antigenically serum-like proteins, using affinity chromatography with antihuman serum antibodies. The samples were isoelectric focused. Protein patterns were compared to similarly treated CSF from young normal volunteers and age matched controls. Several changes are described and 2 pathological patterns of the CSF-specific fraction could be identified. One pattern was characteristic for Alzheimer's dementia (AD) and senile dementia of the Alzheimer type (SDAT), but also seen in a few other diseases. The other pattern was seen in several of the investigated groups, most prominent in Huntington's chorea. PMID- 6215818 TI - Quantification of choreatic movements by Doppler radar. PMID- 6215817 TI - Treatment of myoclonic syndromes with paroxetine alone or combined with 5-HTP. PMID- 6215819 TI - Neuropathy and myopathy in the diaphragm of rats after 12 months of streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus. A light-, electron-microscopic, and morphometric study. PMID- 6215820 TI - Neuropathological changes of the nucleus accumbens in Huntington's chorea. PMID- 6215821 TI - Outcome of cataract surgery. IV. Socio-economic aspects. AB - This outcome assessment study is based on data collected prospectively in a group of 123 consecutive cataract patients. Cataract surgery to vast majority of patients means prevention of blindness, better vision, better visual functioning and better quality of life. Due to cataract surgery the occupational status is maintained in many patients, and a majority of the retired patients are able to continue a normal life in their own homes. Thus the economic benefit to the community are savings of disablement pensions and of geriatric nursing home accommodation. In this study we found that these savings by far exceeded the costs of cataract surgery. Capacity for cataract surgery ought to be sufficient everywhere. PMID- 6215822 TI - 9p deletion syndrome. PMID- 6215823 TI - Diabetes mellitus in a mongoloid child with chronic diphenylhydantoin therapy. PMID- 6215824 TI - Erythrocyte superoxide dismutase and redox enzymes in trisomy 21. PMID- 6215825 TI - Transient acute leukaemia in a newborn with Down's syndrome. Prediction of its reversibility by bone marrow cultures. PMID- 6215826 TI - Identification of immune-complex deposition and T-lymphocyte in fulminant B-viral hepatitis with immunohistochemical techniques. AB - Cryostat sections of the liver representing fulminant B-viral hepatitis were investigated with antisera against human immunoglobulin G(IgG), immunoglobulin M(IgM), C3, C4, C1q, hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), and T-lymphocytes using the immunofluorescence and immunoperoxidase techniques. The liver showed positive staining for IgG, IgM, C3, C4, C1q, and HBsAg in the viable and necrotic hepatocytes and Kupffer cells in a granular fashion. Furthermore, the cell membrane of lymphocytes present in the liver were positively stained with anti T lymphocyte sera. The numbers of T-lymphocytes recognized were predominant both in portal tracts and within hepatic lobules over those of non-T-lymphocytes. It suggests that perhaps some of the end results of fulminant hepatitis inflammatory reactions may be mediated in part by T-lymphocytes. PMID- 6215827 TI - Cytological events in allo-stimulated lymphocytes triggered by exposure to alloantigens. V. Response to disrupted target cells. AB - H-2b lymphocytes sensitized against H-2d alloantigens or H-2k alloantigens were triggered by incubation with disrupted or intact H-2d target cells. The triggering of the lymphoid cells was stopped by fixation with glutaraldehyde. Changes in cell size, in numerical density of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and the Golgi apparatus (GA) as well as in the areal density of the lysosomes and the mitochondria in the lymphoblasts during the first three hours of triggering were measured with a Hewlett Packard digitizer. No significant changes in cell size or in the density of GA, lysosomes and mitochondria were observed after triggering with disrupted target cells, but a significant increase in the density of ER occurred in the lymphoblasts previously stimulated against the target cell. After triggering with intact target cells, cell size of the lymphoblasts increased, as well as the density of GA, mitochondria and lysosomes while the density of ER exhibited a decrease followed by an increase. The disrupted target cells were shown to inhibit the release of 51Cr during lysis of 51Cr-labelled target cells. PMID- 6215828 TI - Localization of Fc gamma receptors in the human central nervous system. AB - Immune complexes of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and rabbit IgG antibodies to HRP were used to study the Fc gamma receptors in the human central nervous system (CNS). The peroxidase activity was demonstrated with 3,3'-diaminobenzidine tetrahydrochloride and H2O2. The majority of the pia and arachnoid cells of the leptomeninges, the stroma cells of the arachnoid granulations and the adventitial cells in the perivascular spaces of the nervous tissue were stained. The villi of the choroid plexus were also stained. By electron microscopy the reaction products were localized to the plasma membranes of the stroma cells and at the basal aspects of the epithelial cells in the choroid villi. In addition, reaction product was demonstrated on pericytes of some of the brain capillaries. The immune complexes did not bind to the brain parenchyma. PMID- 6215829 TI - Left ventricular hypertrophy improves cardiac performance in spontaneously hypertensive rats. AB - Cardiac function was studied in spontaneously breathing, adult spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and Wistar-Kyoto normotensive rats (WKY). By rapid intravenous blood infusion, the relation between left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) and stroke infusion, the relation between left ventricular end diastolic pressure (LVEDP) and stroke volume (SV) was determined while the cardiac nervous control was pharmacologically blocked. Since SV is greatly influenced by the level of afterload (mean arterial pressure, MAP), SV was also determined at increased MAP (constriction of abdominal aorta) and at decreased MAP (vasodilation by hydralazine). At low LVEDP levels, a rightward shift of the Frank-Starling relationship was observed in SHR. This rightward shift seems mainly to depend on the increased MAP present in SHR since it was less prominent if MAP was lowered to normotensive levels in SHR. Maximal SV during volume infusion was similar in SHR and WKY, despite a much higher MAP in SHR. When peak SV was instead compared at similar MAP levels for both (either at normotensive' or 'hypertensive' levels) it was always significantly greater in SHR, and was increased largely in proportion to their increased left ventricular weight. This indicates that the left ventricular hypertrophy present in SHR is, at least at this stage, a physiological adaptation of the heart to increase its performance, in order to maintain a normal SV and hence cardiac output, despite an increased arterial pressure. PMID- 6215830 TI - Performance of the hypertrophied left ventricle in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Effects of adrenergic stimulation. AB - The performance of isolated hearts from adult male spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and matched normotensive controls (NCR) was investigated in an antegrade perfusion system, where preload and afterload could be varied independently. During electrical pacing of the heart to constant heart rate, increases in afterload, but not in preload, considerably raised cardiac contractility, measured as left ventricular max dP/dt. At afterloads equalling their respective in vivo ones, max dP/dt was similar in SHR and NCR. This indicates that the SHR hearts by myocardial hypertrophy are so well adapted to their raised afterload that an increased inotropic state of the heart is not required. Upon adrenaline addition, SHR and NCR did not differ concerning either "chronotropic sensitivity", i.e. per cent increase in heart rate of the spontaneously beating heart or in "inotropic sensitivity", measured as increase in max dP/dt. However, in this in vitro situation adrenaline increased stroke volume only when the hearts worked at reduced inotropism, induced by lowered temperature (30 degrees C). At maximal inotropic stimulation by adrenaline and occluded outflow, the SHR hearts produced higher systolic pressures than the NCR ones. This reveals an increased maximal contractile capacity of the hypertrophied SHR left ventricle, rather than a reduced one as sometimes suggested. PMID- 6215831 TI - Comparison between zimelidine and desipramine in endogenous depression. A cross over study. AB - Depressed patients, who did not respond after 4 weeks treatment with zimelidine 100 mg b.i.d. (five patients) or desipramine 75 mg b.i.d. (11 patients) in a double-blind randomized study were crossed over, after 1 placebo week, to 4 weeks of treatment with the other drug. The three zimelidine non-responders who responded to desipramine were significantly more retarded compared with eight desipramine non-responders who responded to zimelidine. It was observed that two patients with bipolar depression developed mania during crossover treatment with desipramine, while two patients with bipolar depression who were treated with zimelidine during the second treatment period did not show any symptoms of mania. Three patients who were non-responders during both treatment periods had lower plasma concentration of the drugs compared with respective responding groups. PMID- 6215832 TI - Specific suppression of the local GVH reaction by F1 spleen cells. AB - The local graft-versus-host (GvH) reaction in (C57BL/6 X BALB/c) F1 hybrid mice, assayed by popliteal lymph node enlargement, was specifically depressed by an injection of parental lymphocytes mixed with spleen cells from F1 mice pretreated with the same parental lymphocytes. Suppressor activity of CBF1 spleen cells was obtained 7 days after inoculation of parental lymphocytes, and peaked on day 10. The suppressive activity was induced by only spleen cells from CBF1 which was inoculated Balb/c lymphocytes, but not C57BL/6 lymphocytes. The lymphocyte subpopulation responsible for the suppressive activity was noticed in T cell population. PMID- 6215834 TI - 5-HT uptake inhibitors: psychopharmacological and neurobiochemical criteria of selectivity. PMID- 6215833 TI - Mechanisms by which human gliomas may escape cellular immune attack. AB - Whereas substantial evidence indicates that the majority of glioma patients make humoral immune responses to their own tumours, the evidence that glioma patients make significant cellular immune responses is more tenuous and controversial. In order to study those properties of human gliomas that might contribute to their ability to escape cell-mediated immune attack, we have examined the ability of cultured human glioma cells to elicit allogeneic cytolytic lymphocyte responses in vitro. Five of ten glioma lines were unable to elicit allogeneic cytolytic lymphocyte responses in mixed lymphocyte-tumour cultures, despite the presence of serologically detectable alloantigens on the surface of the glioma cells. Analysis of the reasons why certain glioma lines failed to stimulate cytolytic lymphocyte responses revealed three distinct mechanisms by which human gliomas may escape cellular immune attack: 1. a defect in immunogenicity which can be overcome by "help" from an allogeneic mixed lymphocyte reaction, 2. the secretion of a protective mucopolysaccharide coat, and 3. the production of macromolecular immunosuppressive substance(s). The implications of these findings for the immunotherapy of human gliomas are discussed. PMID- 6215835 TI - Research strategies in the investigation of the indoleamine hypothesis of affective illness. PMID- 6215836 TI - A method for the determination of the activity of glycosyltransferases with endogenous glycosphingolipid (GSL) substrates. PMID- 6215837 TI - Glycolipid glycosyltransferase levels in surgical and transplanted human lung cancers. PMID- 6215838 TI - The CBA/N mouse strain: an experimental model illustrating the influence of the X chromosome on immunity. PMID- 6215839 TI - Binding of bacteria to lymphocyte subpopulations. PMID- 6215840 TI - Histamine-1 receptors do not directly modulate canine gastric acid secretion. AB - The role of histamine-1 receptors in modulating gastric acid secretion was evaluated in anesthetized dogs with gastric fistulas. Histamine receptor agonists were infused directly into the gastric artery supplying the fundus to avoid any systemic hemodynamic effects. Two experimental approaches were taken to try to determine whether histamine-1 receptors participate in the control of acid secretion. Firstly, we measured the effect of the H1-receptor antagonist, hydroxyzine dihydrochloride, on histamine and dimaprit stimulated acid secretion. Secondly, we measured the effect of H1-receptor agonist on dimaprit stimulated gastric secretion. Although H1-receptor antagonist enhanced stimulated gastric acid secretion to histamine, the antagonist also enhanced stimulated gastric acid secretion to dimaprit (H2-agonist), suggesting that the enhanced gastric acid secretion after administration of H1-receptor antagonist is not because of the inhibition of histamine receptor at the gastric fundus. In addition, 2 doses of H1-receptor agonist infused into the gastric fundus had no effect on dimaprit stimulated gastric acid secretion. These data suggest that H1-receptors do not modulate gastric acid secretion at the level of the gastric fundus in the dog. PMID- 6215841 TI - Comparison in rats of the anti-inflammatory and gastric irritant effects of etodolac with several clinically effective anti-inflammatory drugs. AB - The anti-inflammatory and gastric effects of etodolac were compared in the rat with those of seven clinically established nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. The anti-inflammatory potency of etodolac was found to lie between that of sulindac and piroxicam. Etodolac was 2.8 times more active than sulindac and 2.2 times less active than piroxicam. Compared to phenylbutazone it was 12.5 times more potent. The irritation produced on the gastric mucosa was less than that of sulindac, although this difference did not reach statistical significance. However, etodolac was significantly (p less than 0.05) less irritant than piroxicam. Of the drugs studied, etodolac showed the highest ratio between the irritant ED50 and the dose which inhibited inflammation by 50%. From these results etodolac is predicted to be a potent anti-inflammatory drug with a high gastric tolerance. Clinical trials appear to confirm these predictions. PMID- 6215842 TI - Inhibition of 5-hydroxytryptamine-induced and -amplified human platelet aggregation by ketanserin (R 41 468), a selective 5-HT2-receptor antagonist. AB - Ketanserin, a selective 5-HT2-receptor antagonist, inhibits the reversible aggregation induced by 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) in human platelet-rich plasma (PRP). In this respect, the compound is equipotent to cyproheptadine and more active than methysergide (IC50: 1.66 x 10(-8) M, 1.44 x 10(-8) M and 5.62 x 10( 8) M respectively). Ketanserin is active against 5-HT-induced platelet aggregation after both in vitro and oral administration to human volunteers. At concentrations up to 500 times in excess of the IC50 for 5-HT-induced platelet reactions, ketanserin does not affect the aggregation induced by ADP, epinephrine, collagen or Thrombofax, the prostaglandin biosynthesis of thrombin stimulated platelets, nor the active uptake of 14C-5-HT by platelets. 5 Hydroxytryptamine amplifies the human platelet aggregation induced by threshold concentrations of ADP, collagen, epinephrine, norepinephrine and induced irreversible aggregation of platelets pre-sensitized with Thrombofax. This amplification by 5-hydroxytryptamine results in a platelet response typical for the potentiated agonist; for the combination of the monoamine with collagen, the serotonergic amplification results in enhanced aggregation, release of beta-TG and PF4 and excessive formation of TXB2. Ketanserin, after both in vitro and oral administration to man reduces the amplified response to the level of the potentiated agonist. The present evidence suggests the presence of functional 5 HT2 receptors on the human platelet, different from those involved in the uptake of the monoamine. PMID- 6215843 TI - Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of the external carotid artery: preliminary report. PMID- 6215844 TI - [Activation and cell-aggregation of mononucleus cells after short-term stimulation with mitogen and tuberculin]. AB - The aim of the study was the description of morphological changes in mononukleated cells after short-term stimulation by mitogen and tuberculin visible by light- and electronmicroscopy and in differences between nucleus areas measured by planimetry. Already 1 hr. after p.h.a. stimulation lymphocytes forme clusters in which the mononucleated cells were present mostly as irritated and exhausted cells. In PPD-stimulated lymphocytes clusters were formed after 16 to 24 hrs. These cells were activated. Within clusters strong intercellular contacts were visible using the electron-microscopy. The results of planimetry in regard to nucleus areas of lymphocytes and monocytes were significantly dependent from the kind of mitogen or antigen and the duration of incubation time (analysis of variance). PMID- 6215846 TI - Assessment of chemotactic activity by means of implanted sponges. With 4 figures. AB - In order to estimate chemotactic activity in vivo, a model of acute inflammation, the subdermal implantation of inert sponges was used. In vitro produced chemotactic active lymphokine preparations had no stimulating effect on the migration of leucocytes into the sponges. But PPD (12.5 micrograms/sponge) and PHA (40 microliters/sponge) induced in sensitized and non-sensitized mice, respectively, locally chemotactic active mediators, which increased the migration into the sponges. Phenylbutazone, dexamethasone and cyclophosphamide prevented the PPD- and PHA-induced elevated migration of leucocytes into the sponges. PMID- 6215845 TI - [The effects of a short-lasting hyperthermia on the levels of complement and lysosomal enzymes in the serum of healthy and IHD-sick subjects]. AB - A short-lasting hyperthermal stimulus (in a waterbath, until the body temperature reaches 38-38,5 degrees C) caused a drop in mean levels of hemolytic complement (CH50) and its C3 component, and an increase in lysozyme and beta-D-glucuronidase activity in the serum of healthy and IHD-sick subjects, so proving that hyperthermia has an influence of the activity of the complement system and probably labilizing effects on lysosomal membranes. PMID- 6215847 TI - [Evidence for T cell activation in the tonsil]. AB - The simultaneous autoradiography and the appearance of acid alpha-naphthylacetat esterase as a cytochemical T cell marker show that only in few T cells of the tonsil a DNA-synthesis takes place. Their labelling index is lower than a power of ten compared to B cells. PMID- 6215848 TI - The implementation of a trampoline program for children with handicapping conditions. PMID- 6215850 TI - Department of Pedodontics: the medical-dental history. PMID- 6215849 TI - Sequential intracoronary streptokinase and transluminal angioplasty in unstable angina with evolving myocardial infarction. PMID- 6215851 TI - Epicardial activation of the human ventricle: effects of left ventricular hypertrophy. AB - To determine the effects of left ventricular hypertrophy on epicardial activation of the human heart, intraoperative epicardial mapping of 40 to 66 points was performed in 10 patients undergoing aortic valve replacement. Mean calculated left ventricular mass was 364 +/- 98 g. All patients had normal left ventricular contraction. Earliest epicardial activation occurred in the anterior right ventricle in all patients. In 9 patients, it was the only epicardial breakthrough point. One patient had a single inferior left ventricular breakthrough point. Epicardial activation spread from the right ventricle towards the left ventricle in both the anterior and inferior direction. Latest epicardial activation occurred at the base of the left ventricle in 9 patients and the base of the right ventricle in 1. When compared with patients with coronary artery disease, normal ventricular contraction, and no left ventricular hypertrophy, patients with hypertrophy had fewer left ventricular breakthrough points (p less than 0.001) and were more likely to have latest activation at the left ventricular base (p less than 0.0010. We conclude that left ventricular hypertrophy is associated with marked changes in the pattern of epicardial activation. These changes may reflect delay in spread from endocardium due to the increased wall thickness. PMID- 6215852 TI - Effect of beam directional alterations on left ventricular shortening fraction. AB - In this study, the dependence on beam direction of the echocardiographically derived fractional shortening of the left ventricular minor axis was evaluated. A directionally oriented, steerable cursor was used to select M-mode lines from a 2 dimensional image at the chordal level. Seven M-mode traces were derived from each image, 1 along the true ventricular meridian and 3 at known deviations on either side of the meridian. M-mode traces, thus derived, all appeared acceptable for measuring wall or cavity dimensions. Results indicate a progressive increase in shortening fraction (p less than 0.05) for deviations more than 25% of the distance between the meridian and the lateral or medial papillary muscle heads. Decreases in left ventricular dimensions in diastole and systole with progressive deviation from the meridian accounted for the decrease in shortening fraction. Spatial orientation is required for reproducible shortening fraction measurements. PMID- 6215853 TI - Hypothesis: is congestive cardiomyopathy caused by a hyperreactive myocardial microcirculation (microvascular spasm)? AB - In most congested, dilated cardiomyopathies, pathologic analysis reveals focal myocardial necrosis, microscopic scarring, interstitial fibrosis, and myocellular hypertrophy. The focal nature of these processes indicates that the cardiomyopathies may not be due to diffuse abnormalities of cardiac muscle cells, at least in the early stages, but that the changes may represent focal events affecting discrete, small volumes of tissue. Experimental evidence of microvascular hyperreactivity (spasm), both in the hereditary cardiomyopathy of the Syrian hamster and in the acquired cardiomyopathy of the hypertensive diabetic rat, suggests that transient spasm of the myocardial microcirculation may lead to focal myocellular necrosis and scarring, which then causes the unaffected myocardial cells to undergo compensatory hypertrophy in order to normalize the increased load per unit of myocardium. When enough myocardium is lost and the compensatory hypertrophy results in decreased contractility, congestive heart failure ensues as a systemic response to altered ventricular function. The efficacy of verapamil therapy in the Syrian hamster in preventing microvascular spasm, cell necrosis, and the subsequent development of a cardiomyopathy has provided hope that similar preventive treatment can be applied to patients with early stages of cardiomyopathy. PMID- 6215854 TI - Significance of abnormal electrocardiograms in highly trained athletes. AB - Electrocardiographic and other abnormalities of highly trained athletes are well recorded but not well enough known, and the more extreme changes still cause diagnostic confusion. This problem was exemplified by 10 athletes, all referred to us by cardiologists because of a diagnosis of organic heart disease. After thorough investigation, including catheter studies, all but 1 of these patients was regarded as normal and all returned to competitive sports. The criteria for diagnosing heart disease in athletes are discussed in light of the findings in 10 patients. Exercise electrocardiography and echocardiography help to exclude organic disease, but left heart catheterization is justified when doubt still exists. PMID- 6215855 TI - The bioavailability for humans of bound niacin from wheat bran. AB - Ethanolic wheat bran extracts were dialyzed and dried on starch. One portion [bound niacin (BN)] was cooked in steam; another [alkali-treated bound niacin (ABN)] was made alkaline with calcium oxide and then cooked. The niacin in BN was bound to large molecules (gel filtration); in ABN it was free. Three subjects each consumed a standard daily diet containing approximately 20 mg niacin equivalents. Urine was collected throughout. From day 14, each received three doses in random order at 8-day intervals. The doses, each spread over 2 days, were of BN and ABN, containing 35 mg niacin and 24 mg pure nicotinic acid. The above base-line response in urinary metabolites (N1-methylnicotinamide + N1 methyl-2-pyridone-5-carboxamide) over the 6 days from the beginning of each dose was equivalent to 24% of ingested niacin after BN, 62% after ABN and 89% after nicotinic acid. The niacin in BN appeared mostly unavailable. PMID- 6215856 TI - Quantitation of urinary niacin metabolites by reversed-phase liquid chromatography. AB - The niacin metabolites N1-methyl-2-pyridone-5-carboxamide (2-PYR) and N1 methylnicotinamide (N-MN) have been quantified in human urine using isocratic reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection after a simple anion-exchange clean-up procedure. The coefficients of variation (%) of the method for 2-PYR and N-MN were 6.3 and 6.8, respectively, and the limits of detection (mg/1 urine) were 0.05 for 2-PYR and 0.20 for N-MN. Results by this method compared favorably with those obtained by established techniques. It is a straight forward, rapid, and sensitive procedure for the assessment of niacin status. PMID- 6215857 TI - Red cell enzyme activity during blood storage and reactivation of phosphofructokinase. AB - Activities of 21 red cell enzymes were measured in 15 units of CPD-Al anticoagulated blood before and after 35 days of storage. Paired t-tests revealed that five of the enzyme activities decreased significantly after 35 days of storage (P less than 0.05) while four increased significantly after storage (P less than 0.05). The most striking change was in phosphofructokinase (PFK), which decreased an average of 33% (P less than 0.005). Mean lactate dehydrogenase activity increased to 128% of its zero-day activity (P less than 0.005). Percent red cell survival, determined by reinfusion of a 51Cr-tagged aliquot of stored blood into the autologous donor, was highly correlated with 35-day ATP levels (r = 0.97; P less than 0.001). No significant relationships between two measures of red cell survival and any of the nine significantly altered enzymes were found. Studies of reactivation of PFK in hemolysates using 4 mM concentrations of numerous compounds indicate that the compounds or combinations of compounds used which reactivate PFK significantly all contain at least one high-energy phosphate group. These data suggest that loss of PFK activity during storage may be due to loss of organic phosphates. Whether the changes described have an important role in blood transfusion remains to be determined. PMID- 6215858 TI - Mortality study of persons exposed to dioxin in a trichlorophenol-process accident that occurred in the BASF AG on November 17, 1953. AB - Twenty-seven years after an accident which occurred in the BASF, Ludwigshafen plan in 1953, a mortality study of persons exposed to dioxin in an uncontrolled reaction during a trichlorophenol process was undertaken. The follow-up was 100% successful and involved 74 persons. Overall mortality (21 deaths) did not differ in this group from the rate expected in three external reference populations or from that observed in two internal comparison groups, where 18-20 deaths were observed. Of the 21 deceased persons, 7 had cancer, compared with 4.1 expected. In addition, two other cases of cancer (one bronchial carcinoma, and one carcinoma of the prostate) are still alive. Three deaths due to stomach cancer, at ages 64, 66, and 69 years, were found, compared with 0.6 expected from regional mortality data. One stomach cancer occurred among 148 individuals in the two comparison cohorts. PMID- 6215859 TI - Moxalactam disodium compatibility with intramuscular and intravenous diluents. AB - The stability of moxalactam disodium with mannitol injection in combination with intramuscular and intravenous diluents was investigated. Solutions were stored in original glass containers stoppered with butyl rubber closures or in polyvinyl chloride bags. Five diluents were evaluated at an intramuscular concentration of moxalactam 1 g (as the disodium salt) in 3 ml of diluent. Twenty intravenous diluents were evaluated with moxalactam 1 g (as the disodium salt) in 50 or 500 ml of diluent. High-performance liquid chromatography, polarography, thin-layer chromatography, spectrophotometric color evaluations, nephelometry, and pH determinations were performed. Solutions were assayed initially after reconstitution and stored for subsequent assay at refrigerator (5 degrees C) and room (25 degrees C) temperatures. The moxalactam disodium solutions were stable for up to 96 hours when stored at 5 degrees C or 24 hours when stored at 25 degrees C. The color, clarity, and TLC data were satisfactory for all diluent combinations tested. Polarographic, HPLC, and TLC data showed that the degradation products remained within acceptable limits when stored for 96 hours at 5 degrees C or 24 hours at 25 degrees C. The slight pH changes were within regulatory limits for moxalactam. The moxalactam disodium solutions maintained at least 90% of initial potency for up to 96 hours when stored in a refrigerator. If kept at room temperature, the reconstituted solutions should be used within 24 hours. PMID- 6215860 TI - Effect of temperature and time on the stability of mezlocillin in 5% dextrose injection and human serum. PMID- 6215861 TI - Complement: activation, consequences, and control. AB - The activation of complement provides the humoral (fluid-phase) effector mechanism most responsible for immune-mediated injury. The classical pathway is activated by an antigen-antibody reaction. The binding of C1q initiates the sequential activation of the eleven proteins. The classical pathway has a calcium dependent step (C1q, C1r, C1s) and a magnesium-dependent reaction (the enzymatic action of C1s on C4 and C2). The alternative pathway appears to be spontaneously activated, but the perpetuation of that activation is dependent upon the availability of an activating (or protective) surface which interferes with the inactivation of C3b by control proteins. The alternative pathway has a magnesium dependent step, the binding of B to C3b to form the C3 convertase. Once initiated, the alternative pathway activation results in the sequential activation of nine proteins, six of which are common to both pathways. The activation of complement results in a variety of biologic consequences which can result in injury to the host. The potential destructiveness of the effects of complement activation is modulated by a series of control proteins. PMID- 6215862 TI - Alterations of complement components in disease. PMID- 6215863 TI - The fragile X(q27) form of X-linked mental retardation: FUdR as an inducing agent for fra(X)(q27) expression in lymphocytes, fibroblasts, and amniocytes. AB - The effect of FUdR on the expression of fra(X)(q27) was examined in lymphocytes and/or fibroblasts from 16 affected males and 5 carriers from 10 families; six different culture media were used: F10, 5% serum, pH 7.3(37 degrees C); medium 199, 5% serum, pH 7.6(37 degrees C); folate-free 199, 5% serum, pH 7.6(37 degrees C), and these three media with FUdR (0.05 micron). In lymphocytes there was no significant difference in the percentage of fra(X) expressing cells between any of the FUdR-containing media. The highest percentage of expressing cells seen in lymphocytes with FUdR was 56%. The average enhancement in males with FUdR in the 199 and folate-free 199 media was 30%. This relative enhancement with FUdR was very much higher in a few blood specimens delayed in transit and FUdR may prevent some of the false-negative results obtained from mailed specimens. FUdR did not induce the marker in four obligate carriers with previously negative results. The fibroblasts from affected males were grown in the six specific media for the last 48 hr. Two of the six media yielded reproducibly positive results. These were 199 FUdR and folate-free 199-FUdR with mean percentages of expressing cells of 12.8 +/- 7.1% and 11.3 +/- 6.1%, respectively. F10-FUdR, which contains thymidine, did not permit expression of the marker in fibroblasts and there was no difference in the percentage of fra(X) expression in 199-FUdR media with or without folate. It was concluded that FUdR shows promise as an agent to permit prenatal diagnosis of the condition and to enhance the detection of the marker in lymphocyte cultures. PMID- 6215864 TI - Maternal and fetal pharmacokinetics of moxalactam given intrapartum. AB - Two grams of moxalactam was given intravenously to 28 women at high risk for infection following cesarean delivery. After a mean time of 48 minutes from infusion, maternal sera, cord sera, and uterine tissue obtained at delivery had concentrations of moxalactam of 62 micrograms/ml, 22.2 micrograms/ml, and 9.6 micrograms/gm, respectively. The maternal serum half-time was calculated to b e 2.1 hours. R and S epimeric distribution was determined in these sera and tissues, and the mean R/S ratios were 0.95, 0.93, and 1.22 for the three groups, respectively. The significance of these observations is discussed. A new method in which a high-pressure liquid chromatographic assay is used is described, and results are compared to those obtained with the microbiological assay. The high pressure liquid chromatographic method was found to be quick, accurate, an reproducible. PMID- 6215865 TI - Canine alpha-L-iduronidase deficiency. A model of mucopolysaccharidosis I. PMID- 6215866 TI - Skeletal muscle and cardiac changes with training in patients with angina pectoris. AB - Cardiovascular and skeletal muscle adaptations were studied before and after 6 mo of physical training in patients with coronary artery disease and exertional angina pectoris. Symptom-limited exercise capacity increased by 41% (470 +/- 30 to 665 +/- 35 kg.m.min-1; n = 29, P less than 0.001) with training as did skeletal muscle succinate dehydrogenase activity (1.75 +/- 0.24 to 3.31 +/- 0.24 IU; n = 23, P less than 0.001) and the areas of muscle fibers (type I from 43.6 +/- 3.3 to 54.4 +/- 3.3 micrometers 2 X 10(2); n = 21, P less than 0.05 and type II from 43.9 +/- 2.4 to 57.2 +/- 5.1 micrometers 2 X 10(2); P less than 0.01). At the same submaximal exercise intensity (mean 355 +/- 100 km.m.min-1), plasma catecholamines (1.31 +/- 0.14 to 1.07 +/- 0.09 ng.ml-1; n = 13, P less than 0.05), heart rate (115 +/- 3 to 97 +/- 3 beats/min; n = 29, P less than 0.001), and systolic blood pressure (171 +/- 4 to 143 +2- 4 mmHg; n = 29, P less than 0.001) were significantly reduced after training. Maximal coronary sinus blood flow (192 +/- 10 to 208 +/- 9 ml.min-1; n = 29, P less than 0.05) and left ventricular oxygen consumption (23.2 +/- 1.5 to 25.8 +/- 1.6 ml.min-1; n = 24, P less than 0.05) were increased by 8 and 11%, respectively, after training. The improvement in exercise capacity with training in patients with exercise is secondary to a reduction in myocardial oxygen requirements during subangina levels of exercise and partly to a small increase in maximal myocardial oxygen consumption. The skeletal muscle adaptations with training were not related to other indices of training such as the reduced exercise heart rate or increased symptom-limited exercise capacity. PMID- 6215867 TI - Organization and support for a handicapped ski program. PMID- 6215868 TI - [Non-thrombotic complications of axillo-femoral bypasses]. PMID- 6215869 TI - Coincidence of cerebrovascular accident and silent myocardial infarction. AB - Although it is well known that a myocardial and a cerebral infarction may be coincident, the nature of this association is not clear. The problem is further complicated because the myocardial infarction may be silent. This is a report of 3 patients with cerebral infarct in whom a silent recent myocardial infarction was found. All patients with cerebrovascular disease should be screened for a possible myocardial lesion. PMID- 6215870 TI - Anomalous chordae tendinae. A source of echocardiographic confusion. AB - A unique instance of an anomalous chorda tendinae visualized in the left ventricular outflow tract during M-Mode and two-dimensional echocardiography, and subsequently confirmed during surgery for concomitant severe rheumatic valvular disease, is described. The M-Mode appearance can be confused with more serious forms of heart disease manifesting extraneous echoes in the outflow tract, and an approach to these echoes is described, based on a review of the literature. PMID- 6215871 TI - Intraoperative determination of porto-systemic shunt patency. PMID- 6215872 TI - Azlocillin, mezlocillin, and piperacillin: new broad-spectrum penicillins. AB - Three new broad-spectrum penicillins--azlocillin, mezlocillin, and piperacillin- will soon be available for clinical use. Azlocillin and piperacillin are more active than carbenicillin or ticarcillin against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Piperacillin and mezlocillin demonstrate significant activity against the Enterobacteriaceae, including many strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae against which the older penicillins carbenicillin, ticarcillin, and ampicillin are ineffective. All three new drugs show substantial activity against anaerobes and ampicillin susceptible gonococci and Haemophilus influenzae. Because these agents are inactivated by various beta-lactamases, most Staphylococcus aureus isolates and a number of gram-negative organisms, including some important nosocomial pathogens, will be resistant to these antibiotics. The new penicillins appear to be relatively safe and have been used successfully to treat patients with various infections; however, comparative trials have not yet established the superiority of these drugs over conventional therapeutic agents. PMID- 6215873 TI - Claims for moxalactam. PMID- 6215874 TI - [Case report of Huntington chorea with delusional manifestations]. PMID- 6215875 TI - Recognition and regulation by modified self. PMID- 6215876 TI - In vivo regulation of the primary response of cytolytic T cells to hapten-altered self antigens by an inducible suppressor T cell. AB - Tc directed toward hapten-altered self antigens have been prevented from appearing in vivo inducing tolerance with hapten-derivatized syngeneic spleen cells. When the latter cells were coinjected intravenously with hapten-tolerized spleen cells one week before attempting sensitization for Tc, the hapten-specific Tc were not generated. Tolerance induced in this manner was adoptively transferable to untreated hosts using spleen cells of tolerized animals. The cell responsible for down regulating the CML response was identified as a theta antigen-bearing cell. Three additional methods have been described in which induction of Tc could be prevented by tolerance initiated through the use of hapten-derivatized syngeneic spleen cells. Common to all four methods is a two week interval between the initial administration of tolerogen and the start of sensitization for Tc formation. PMID- 6215877 TI - Activation of distinct subsets of T suppressor cells with type III pneumococcal polysaccharide coupled to syngeneic spleen cells. PMID- 6215878 TI - Control of autoimmune responses induced with modified self antigens. AB - Our previous studies suggested the TNP-modified syngeneic red blood cells induced a humoral autoimmune response in mice with a defective T cell function but not in normal mice. This report describes the continuation of these studies in which we elucidated the auto-delayed-type hypersensitivity response of mice with a defective T cell function. The mice were immunized with syngeneic TNP-modified spleen cells and challenged 14 d later by injecting syngeneic nonmodified con A stimulated spleen cells into the footpad. The DTH response was assessed 24 hr later. Adult thymectomized, x-irradiated (250 rad), and Cy-treated mice injected with syngeneic TNP-Sc generated a DTH response when subsequently challenged with syngeneic blast cells but not when challenged with allogeneic blast cells. In contrast, normal mice treated in a similar manner did not exhibit a significant DTH response. The auto-DTH response of x-irradiated mice injected with TNP-Sc was abrogated when they were simultaneously transplanted with syngeneic spleen cells or nylon wool-passed syngeneic spleen cells. If the transplanted splenocytes had been treated with anti-Thy 1 serum and complement, they failed to abrogate the auto-DTH response of the above-mentioned mice. These results suggest that suppressor cells are programmed to control the autoimmune response induced with modified self antigens. PMID- 6215880 TI - The induction of tolerance to allergenic chemicals. AB - The first recognition of tolerance and partial tolerance to attempted sensitization with simple allergenic chemicals is described. A proper designation would be the Frei-Sulzbeger-Chase phenomenon. Coupling with self occurs in these experiments; there is not only resistance to developing contactant-type sensitivity but also to synthesis of immunoglobulins toward hapten-self complexes. The onset of tolerance is initiated by small doses of haptens. Various facets of these investigations speak strongly against a concept of clonal deletion as an explanation. The concept of the relative numbers of suppressor and effector cells also argues against clonal deletion. Evidence exists that tolerance can be transferred to syngeneic animals by cells during parabiosis (Polak, this volume). Contact sensitivity can be imposed on a tolerized guinea pig through a transfer of cells from outbred sensitized donors, but the tolerance remains after the transferred cells have been rejected. Tolerance could not be overcome in inbred guinea pigs by infusing normal or functionally "labeled" cell populations from close relatives before attempting sensitization, a fact that supports the existence of overwhelmingly large numbers of suppressor cells. Various routes of application have been explored to find a way to establish the tolerant state. The most successful are (1) feeding of small doses and (2) two intravenous injections of massive doses of DNP- or TNP-benzene sulfonates. Several other methods will effect tolerance in about half the animals, but experimental sensitization is the only method that will locate the tolerized animals. PMID- 6215879 TI - Tolerance to thyroglobulin by activating suppressor mechanisms. PMID- 6215881 TI - Active clonal deletion in neonatal H-2 tolerance. PMID- 6215882 TI - Suppressor T cell circuits. PMID- 6215883 TI - Activational signals for immune effector and suppressor T cells reactive with haptenic determinants. PMID- 6215884 TI - Regulation of the major crossreactive idiotype associated with anti-p azophenylarsonate antibodies of A/J mice. PMID- 6215885 TI - Negative feedback regulation of contact sensitivity to DNFB by autoanti-idiotypic antibody. AB - Contact sensitivity to 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene is maximal six days after sensitization but declines rapidly, due to autoanti-idiotypic antibodies produced by the host. The studies presented here indicate that this down regulation by anti-Id is a C-independent active process involving a subset of Ia+ T cells in the immune lymph node cell population. Depleting immune LN cells of Ia+ T cells renders them insensitive to inhibition by anti-Id alone, although the same population is inhibited by treatment anti-Id plus C. This cell population is rendered sensitive to inhibition by anit-Id alone by adding untreated DNFB sensitized LN cells but not by adding normal LN cells. Further studies showed that suppression by anti-Id-activated Ia+ T cells occurs locally at the skin test site and is antigen nonspecific. These data indicate that the natural regulation of CS to DNFB by autoanti-Id antibodies involves a negative feedback regulatory loop. PMID- 6215886 TI - Suppression of IgE antibodies with conjugates of haptens or allergens and synthetic hydrophilic polymers. AB - A variety of allergens and allergenic haptens can be converted to nonimmunologenic and tolerogenic derivatives by conjugation to nonimmunogenic, hydrophilic, synthetic polymers, such as mPEG, PVA, and PVP. The resulting conjugates of common allergens and of small molecules, such as those responsible for drug allergies, can potentially be used therapeutically for the specific suppression of the IgE antibodies that mediate the corresponding allergic manifestations of the immediate type. All these conjugates exert their immunosuppressive effect in mice by activating suppressor T cells; hapten-PVA and hapten-PVP conjugates--as distinct from antigen-mPEG conjugates--also appear to inactive the hapten-specific B cell population. PMID- 6215887 TI - [Cytochemical evaluation with ANAE (alpha-naphthyl-acetate-esterase) of circulating T-lymphocytes in neoplasms of the genital system]. PMID- 6215888 TI - [Clinical aspects of endometriosis. Retrospective study and proposals]. PMID- 6215889 TI - [Transitory erythrodermia in paraneoplastic acrokeratosis of Bazex]. PMID- 6215891 TI - [Papillon-Lefevre disease in two sisters]. PMID- 6215890 TI - Prenatal diagnosis of neurolipidoses. AB - While there is no single best procedure for performing prenatal diagnosis, ther is a rationale or strategy which will produce correct, reliable results. The investigator should be experienced with all the tests and know what to expect from each. At least two of these tests should e used (more if there s ambiguity) on amniotic fluid and cultured cell extracts. Which tests, and how many, are not as important as the skill and experience of the investigator performing them. Proper controls should be used. Probably the biggest single factor in successful prenatal diagnosis is the use of both negative and positive controls run simultaneously. No method, no matter how good or how well performed, can be counted upon to give sufficiently reproducible results to interpret without these controls. Finally, it is necessary for the investigator to be thoroughly familiar with the enzyme and its isozymes and the clinical heterogeneity of the disease. Although the foregoing details pertain specifically to Tay-Sachs disease, similar or related problems exist in the prenatal diagnosis of any of the neurolipidoses. The need for care of the samples, appreciation of biochemical and clinical heterogeneity, the need for adequate techniques, and the importance of proper controls are requirements for diagnosing any of the neurolipidoses. PMID- 6215892 TI - Involuntary movements in chorea-acanthocytosis: a comparison with Huntington's chorea. PMID- 6215893 TI - Piperacillin pharmacokinetics in pediatric patients. AB - The pharmacokinetics of piperacillin were studied in 15 pediatric patients (age range, 3.3 to 14.3 years). Piperacillin was administered in a dosage of 1.5 +/- 0.4 g/m2 (mean +/- standard deviation) every 4 to 6 h. Peak serum concentrations ranged from 69 to 354 micrograms/ml. The mean elimination half-life was 37.0 +/- 13.3 min, which is shorter than that observed in most adults with normal renal function. The mean elimination half-life in three patients with renal impairment was 60.1 +/- 12.4 min, and the mean ratio of renal clearance to total clearance was 0.57. These results suggest a significant nonrenal elimination of piperacillin. Based on these data, a dosage of 1.5 g/m2 given as a 30-min infusion every 4 h is suggested for children with normal renal function. For patients with renal impairment, the daily dosage could be calculated as follows: corrected dose = normal dose x (0.35 + [0.65 x (ClCr/0.06)]), where ClCr is the creatinine clearance expressed as liters per minute per square meter. PMID- 6215894 TI - Piperacillin distribution into bile, gallbladder wall, abdominal skeletal muscle, and adipose tissue in surgical patients. AB - The concentrations of piperacillin in serum, bile, gallbladder wall, abdominal skeletal muscle, and adipose tissue were measured simultaneously at various times after the intravenous administration of a single 5-g dose to each of 14 patients undergoing biliary tract surgery. Piperacillin concentrated in the bile with peak levels exceeding 4,000 micrograms/ml. In a single patient with cystic duct obstruction, trace gallbladder bile piperacillin levels were measured. Gallbladder wall concentrations of piperacillin tended to be higher than corresponding serum concentrations, with a correlation observed between tissue values and the degree of acute gallbladder inflammation and gallbladder bile piperacillin concentrations. Mean peak muscle and adipose tissue piperacillin concentrations of 31 and 27 micrograms/g, respectively, were reached at between 2 and 3 h after the start of infusion. These concentrations exceeded the minimum inhibitory concentration for a majority of susceptible organisms. A single 5-g dose of piperacillin achieved therapeutic levels in gallbladder wall, intraabdominal skeletal muscle, and adipose tissue and concentrated in the bile of patients with patent biliary tracts. PMID- 6215895 TI - Cefoperazone: regression analysis, disk content, and disk susceptibility testing considerations. AB - Cefoperazone agar dilution minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) susceptibility results were compared with zones of inhibition produced by disk diffusion susceptibility testing. Disks containing 30, 50, 75, and 100 micrograms of cefoperazone were tested for purposes of regression line comparisons and error rate-bounded analysis. Results suggest that if the MIC equivalent of susceptibility is 32 micrograms/ml, either a 50-micrograms disk with zone sizes of susceptibility (S) greater than or equal to 15 mm and resistance (R) less than or equal to 12 mm or a 75-micrograms disk with zone sizes of S greater than or equal to 17 mm and R less than or equal to 14 mm may be appropriate. If the MIC equivalent of susceptibility is 64 micrograms/ml, this would dictate use of a 75 micrograms disk with zone sizes of S greater than or equal to 17 mm and R less than or equal to 12 mm. Disks containing either less than or equal to 30 or greater than or equal to 100 micrograms of cefoperazone did not adequately discriminate among susceptible and resistant bacterial strains at either the 32- or 64-micrograms/ml MIC equivalent. PMID- 6215896 TI - Apnoea of immaturity. 2. Mortality and handicap. AB - One hundred and three consecutive infants less than or equal to 32 weeks' gestation with recurrent apnoea of immaturity were reviewed, and survival was assessed and related to timing of treatment. The sickest infants were treated after between one and three episodes of apnoea with bradycardia, and mortality was 70%. Of those in whom treatment was postponed because apnoea was considered mild, 34% subsequently required mechanical ventilation, and 23% died. Among a small group of 20 survivors seen at ages 9-24 months, 4 (20%) have major handicaps. The possible place for earlier treatment is discussed. PMID- 6215897 TI - Flow in coronary artery bypass grafts to totally and partially occluded left anterior descending coronary arteries. AB - Flow was determined by electromagnetic flowmeter in vein bypass grafts in 20 patients with a totally occluded left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery and on 61 patients with a partially occluded LAD. The median flow in LAD grafts was 14.5 ml/min with total LAD occlusion, and 40 ml/min with partial LAD occlusion (p less than 0.001). In cases of total LAD occlusion, the presence of mild or moderate anteroseptal wall dysfunction was associated with more satisfactory flow than was the case with severe anteroseptal wall dysfunction (p less than 0.02). Flows over 25 ml/min were found only when the LAD distal to total occlusion was 1.5 mm or greater. Unsatisfactory flows were consistently found with total LAD occlusion, poor ventricular function, and a distal LAD less than 1.5 mm. Repeat catheterizations to determine an unsatisfactory patency rate under these conditions would be necessary to alter our policy of grafting all suitable vessels beyond a total occlusion. PMID- 6215898 TI - Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty: role of the surgeon. AB - Over a recent one-year period, 339 patients underwent percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) and were compared with 338 patients having isolated coronary artery bypass surgery. Patients undergoing PTCA had a shorter duration of angina, a lower number of prior myocardial infarctions, and better left ventricular function (p less than 0.01); PTCA was considered initially successful in 87% (295/339) of patients. Repeat angioplasty was performed in 18% of patients (34/339), with a successful outcome in all but 1. The most common finding at operation in those with failed angioplasty and urgent or emergency revascularization was dissection of an atheromatous plaque. There were 28 early failures (operation performed within 24 hours) and 24 late failures (operation at more than 24 hours), for early and late failure rates of 8.3% and 7.1%, respectively. Although the cumulative frequency of new Q-waves in the entire angioplasty series was low (2.7%), the incidence was high in those with angioplasty failure and subsequent operation (18%), and was significantly greater than in patients having elective coronary bypass (3.6%). Use of inotropic agents and lidocaine treatment for ventricular arrhythmias was also significantly higher in patients with unsuccessful PTCA who required operation than in those undergoing elective bypass (10% versus 3% and 10% versus 1.5%, respectively; p less than 0.01). Eleven of the 28 patients who were early failures were totally revascularized within 2 hours of angioplasty failure. Facilities and staff available for expedient revascularization accounted for the low morbidity and lack of mortality in PTCA failures. PMID- 6215899 TI - Preliminary experience with intraoperative transluminal balloon-catheter dilation and coronary artery bypass grafting for the treatment of symptomatic diffuse coronary artery disease. AB - Transluminal balloon-catheter dilation of coronary artery lesions has become increasingly common in the cardiac catheterization laboratory. We describe a method of intraoperative dilation that may improve surgical results when used in combination with coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) operations in patients with diffusely diseased coronary arteries. In 16 patients, long-segment intraoperative dilations were performed to enlarge luminal narrowings in 21 different regions. All of these patients had postoperative coronary angiography and left ventriculography so that we could objectively evaluate the coronary dilatations. There were no operative deaths or perioperative myocardial infarctions, and angina was relieved in all patients. Of the 21 dilated segments, 12 (57%) were unchanged, 2 (10%) became worse, and 7 (33%) were improved postoperatively. In addition, two new areas of intimal damage were detected in patients with unchanged postoperative liminal diameters. We conclude that further experience and longer follow-up are necessary before the efficacy of intraoperative coronary artery balloon-catheter dilation can be accurately determined. PMID- 6215900 TI - [Natural history and surgical treatment of pulmonary stenosis. Review of 91 cases]. AB - The natural history of valvular pulmonary stenosis is modified by the surgical treatment of these patients. In order to assess these changes we studied the clinical and hemodynamic features of 91 patients that were treated surgically. Hemodynamic studies were performed postoperatively in 62 of them. All patients had preoperatively a right ventricular systolic pressure above 70 mm Hg and were divided into three groups according to the transvalvular gradient. The first group had less than 50 mm Hg, the second group between 50 and 80 mm Hg, and the third group more than 80 mm Hg gradient. Correlation of these values with asymptomatic (49 patients) and with symptomatic (42 patients) cases showed significant values (p less than 0.001). Postoperatively only 2 patients remained with mild degree effort dyspnea. There was also a significant correlation (p less than 0.005) between the systolic gradient and the cardiothoracic ratio in the studied groups. The T wave in lead VF showed a predictive value in relation to the systolic gradient (p less than 0.001). Reduction of the systolic gradient after surgery showed very significant values when compared to the preoperative gradient (p less than 0.001). The overall mortality was 5.5%. PMID- 6215901 TI - [Echocardiographic signs of congenital absence of the pulmonary semilunar cusps]. AB - Five patients with congenital absence of the pulmonary valve leaflets were studied with M-mode and two-dimensional echocardiography. In addition to previously reported findings in this heart malformation, we found the presence of a narrow valvular ring that obstructs the outflow tract of the right ventricle, and a to-and-fro movement of the contrast bubbles from the right ventricle to the pulmonary artery suggesting pulmonary regurgitation. These features along with the volume overload data of the right ventricle suggests the diagnosis of congenital absence of the pulmonary valve leaflets. PMID- 6215902 TI - [Echocardiographic study of chronic aortic insufficiency. Hemodynamic, angiographic and total clinical correlations. I. Calculation of the regurgitation]. PMID- 6215903 TI - Effects of thymoxamine and its metabolites on clonidine-induced hypotension and bradycardia in rats. AB - Thymoxamine and deacetylthymoxamine antagonized the hypertensive response of pithed rats to noradrenaline and clonidine, probably by inhibiting vascular post synaptic alpha-adrenoceptors. N-demethyl-deacetylthymoxamine was inactive. Clonidine-induced reduction of tachycardia caused by electrical stimulation of the cardiac sympathetic nerve in pithed rats was antagonized by phentolamine but not by prazosin, thymoxamine, deacetylthymoxamine or N demetyldeacetylthymoxamine. This suggests that prazosin and thymoxamine and its derivatives predominantly blocked alpha 1-adrenoceptors. In pentobarbitone anaesthetized normotensive rats, prazosin, thymoxamine and deacetylthymoxamine decreased the hypotensive effect of clonidine, but had no significant effect on clonidine-induced bradycardia. These substances antagonized clonidine-induced hypotension in rats by the probable mechanism of inhibiting central alpha 1 adrenoceptors whose characteristics are similar to peripheral receptors. These data suggest that clonidine produced a hypotensive action in pentobarbitone anaesthetized rats via alpha 1-adrenoceptors and produced bradycardia via alpha 2 adrenoceptors. PMID- 6215904 TI - Autacoid and autonomic reactivity of bovine and ovine bronchus: modifications by antigenic sensitization. AB - Spirally cut bronchial strips, prepared from three bovine (horse plasma sensitized calves, control calves and adult cattle) and two ovine (horse plasma sensitized and control sheep) animal groups were studied in isolated organ baths and their responses to standard autacoid and autonomic agents were compared. All bovine preparations contracted to carbachol greater than 5 HT greater than histamine and relaxed to isoproterenol greater than adrenaline greater than phenylephrine. Responses of ovine bronchus to the above agonists were similar to bovine except to histamine which caused relaxations. Atropine antagonized carbachol-induced contractions while the relaxant responses of bronchial strips to isoproterenol and adrenaline were inhibited by propranolol in both ruminant species. Contractile effects of histamine were sensitive to mepyramine whereas cimetidine inhibited histamine-induced relaxations of ovine bronchus. The bronchial strips prepared from horse plasma-sensitized calves and sheep exhibited a significant (p less than .05) hyperreactivity to carbachol. The relaxant responses of sensitized calf bronchus to isoproterenol and adrenaline were also significantly (p less than .05) impaired when compared with respective controls. It is concluded that hypersensitization with foreign antigens might exaggerate the airway reactivity by rendering them hyperreactive to spasmogenic and hyporeactive to spasmolytic stimulation. PMID- 6215905 TI - Effects of nicorandil and its congeners on musculature and vasculature of the dog trachea in situ. AB - In anesthetized dogs, the tracheal vascular bed in situ was perfused with arterial blood through the cannulated cranial thyroid arteries. The effects of nicorandil, a coronary vasodilator, and its congeners (SG-212, GS-209 and SG-103; in which the nitroxy group of nicorandil was substituted for other groups) on the tracheal musculature and vasculature were examined. All drugs were injected intra arterially. Nicorandil (10-300 micrograms), SG-212 (100 micrograms-3 mg), SG-209 (100 micrograms-3 mg) and SG-103 (100 micrograms-3 mg) all produced a decrease in tracheal tone elevated by neostigmine (tracheal dilatation) and an increase in tracheal blood flow (tracheal vasodilatation). Relative potencies of these effects were in the descending order: nicorandil greater than SG-212 = SG-209 = SG=103 in producing tracheal vasodilatation. These results suggest that nicorandil would also be a potential bronchodilator and that the nitrate site in nicorandil plays a role in potentiating the pharmacological activity of congeners of nicorandil. PMID- 6215906 TI - [Ultrastructural aspect of the guinea pig testicle treated with cyproterone acetate]. PMID- 6215907 TI - [Cardio-pulmonary radiological aspects in chronic uremia and renal transplantation]. PMID- 6215908 TI - Functional assessment: bridge between family and rehabilitation medicine within an ambulatory practice. AB - This study describes development of a functional assessment instrument used to screen ambulatory care patients who have difficulty performing daily activities. Sample selection occurred in 2 stages. In the first stage, an interdisciplinary team used clinical selection criteria in order to screen patients into 2 groups: group 1, those likely to have functional limitations; and group 2, those not likely to have functional limitations. Using clinical selection criteria for a 3 week period in an ambulatory primary care setting, it was found that 20% of the outpatients seen fell into group 1. In the second stage, a randomly selected subsample of 194 persons was used, with 97 in group 1, and 97 in group 2. The Functional Assessment Screening Questionnaire (FASQ) was tested using this second sample. The FASQ was found to discriminate between the 2 groups, with those in group 1 having a significantly greater number of functional difficulties than those in group 2. An analysis was conducted to investigate which diagnostic problems were more likely to be associated with patients reporting functional limitations. Fourteen diagnostic patient problems found to be significantly more limiting than for the total sample were identified. The factor structure of the FASQ was examined and a format for clinically integrating the FASQ factors was offered. PMID- 6215909 TI - Low back pain comprehensive rehabilitation program: a follow-up study. AB - The outcome of the management of chronic low back pain in 42 men and 36 women by a comprehensive rehabilitation program consisting of biofeedback training, counseling in self-control techniques, self-regulated medication reduction, physical therapy, vocational rehabilitation services and education conducted in a therapeutic milieu was examined at 6 months and 12 months after discharge. The mean age of the subjects was 43.4 years: the mean highest school grade completed, 12.6; and the mean full scale WAIS IQ, 106.7. On admission 72 were unemployed and had been disabled and unemployed for a median time for 3 years. Almost two-thirds were involved in litigation. Thirty-three were working or accepted for employment t 6 months after discharge and 35 at 12 months (p less than 0.001). Success rates are higher when only those who stayed in the program for more than 4 weeks are considered. The employed patients rated their pain lower, used less medication and relied less on attention from physicians. They did not seem to differ in their use of relaxation skills or exercise. A similar study has been initiated of patients randomly assigned to treatment and waiting list control groups. PMID- 6215910 TI - Osteoporosis--a review and update. AB - Osteoporosis is a common disorder in women. Fifty percent of women more than 65 years of age have bone mineral density below the fracture threshold. Factors which accelerate bone loss include deficiency of gonadal hormones, nutritional effects, lack of exercise, smoking, alcoholism and endocrinopathies. Fractures of the hip, vertebra and radius occur much more frequently in patients with osteoporosis. Chronic pain is caused by compression fractures of vertebrae resulting in mechanical changes in the spine. The most desirable treatment is prevention. Adequate dietary intake of calcium, exercise and avoidance of excess intake of protein and phosphorus should be advised. Treatment with fluoride is promising but requires further study. PMID- 6215911 TI - [Immunodepressive action and effects of medroxyprogesterone acetate on the lymphatic tissue of the rabbit appendix]. AB - The influence of medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) on lymphoid tissue of rabbit appendix was investigated. The agent caused a uniform depletion of lymphoid cells, which confirmed the immunodepressive properties of the drug. Other findings suggested a corticoid action of the agent and a possible anticellular activity, interfering with nucleic acid synthesis of proliferating cells. PMID- 6215912 TI - Platelet--arterial synthetic graft interaction and its modification. AB - We compared the in vivo platelet reactivity of two commonly used clinical grafts, Dacron and expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), with that of a control autogenous artery graft and assessed whether platelet reactivity was modified by the platelet-antiaggregating agent prostacyclin (PGI2) (epoprostenol). Grafts were randomly placed into the carotid arteries of 21 baboons. Platelets labeled with indium 111 were infused within one hour after implantation graft for gamma camera scanning of platelet uptake. The accumulation of platelets on Dacron grafts began almost immediately after injection and reached a peak after one to two hours. The PTFE and control autogenous artery grafts accumulated comparable small amounts of platelets. Prostacyclin was then infused in a second series of baboons with Dacron grafts, at a rate of 150 to 200 ng/kg/min. It prevented the usual platelet uptake when administered concomitant with graft implantation and reduced previously established platelet activity. PMID- 6215913 TI - [Effect of immunoregulatory drugs on human suppressor T lymphocytes]. PMID- 6215914 TI - Horseriding for the disabled. PMID- 6215915 TI - Ischaemic heart disease in New Zealand Maori and non-Maori: an age adjusted incidence in hospitalised patients over 10 years with emphasis on clinical features in the Maori. AB - The average annual incidence in a patients admitted to hospital with ischaemic heart disease is lower among Maori than non-Maori but Maori females under 55 years are particularly susceptible. The age adjusted incidence in this group is twice that of white females. One-third of Maori patients had auricular fibrillation and large hearts and it is suggested that these patients have cardiomyopathy, probably alcohol induced, in addition to ischaemic heart disease. This group had the highest hospital mortality rate, 43%. The 30% hospital mortality rate among all Maori is three times that of non-Maori. Risk factors examined in the Maori included obesity (present in 65%), diabetes (in 30%), gout (in 23%) and hypertension (in 17%) of patients with ischaemic heart disease. PMID- 6215916 TI - [Franz Schede - in memory of his 100th birthday on 9 July 1982]. PMID- 6215917 TI - [Mycotoxicoses in animal production--importance and diagnosis (a review)]. PMID- 6215918 TI - Purification and structural studies on the complement-system control protein beta 1H (Factor H). AB - An efficient procedure for the isolation of the complement-system control protein beta 1H (Factor H) from human plasma was developed. The chemical composition and physical characteristics of the protein were studied, and a sequence of 17 amino acid residues at the N-terminus was determined. Factor H is a single-polypeptide chain glycoprotein of mol.wt. 155 000 containing 9.3% carbohydrate. Factor H is cleaved by plasma proteinases to a two-chain form. This cleavage can be mimicked by trypsin, and the two-chain form retains fully the C3b-inactivator cofactor activity of Factor H. The proteolytic fragments of Factor H are compared with those of other proteins (C4b-binding protein and erythrocyte C3b-receptor) that act as cofactors for C3b-inactivator. PMID- 6215919 TI - HMG-proteins 1 and 2 are required for transcription of chromatin by endogenous RNA polymerase. PMID- 6215920 TI - Kinetic study of the inhibition of the honeybee haemolymph apha-glucosidase in vitro by BAYe 4609, BAYg 5421 and BAYn 5595. AB - Three therapeutic inhibitors of vertebrate alpha-glucosidases recently assayed in research on diabetes control, show high inhibitory potencies towards the p-NP alpha-D-glucosidase activity of honeybee haemolymph. BAYe 4609 is an allosteric V type (pure non-competitive) inhibitor with: Ki congruent to K'i congruent to I50 congruent to 180 micro M; n = 1.17; ni = 1.15 BAYg 5421, an hydrolysis derivative of the former, is a mixed allosteric inhibitor with: Ki congruent to 0.17 micro M; K'i congruent to 0.85 micro M; I50 congruent to 0.38 micro M; n = 1.19; ni = 1.25. BAYn 5595 isd a pure competitive Michaelian inhibitor with: Ki = 15 micro M; I50 congruent to 23 micro M. All these properties reveal similarities to and differences from those of the natural inhibitors of the enzyme and analogies with their action on vertebrate enzymes. Accordingly, correlations have been emphasized between the structure and the activity of these inhibitors which finally lead to propositions of structures for new active molecules. PMID- 6215921 TI - Evidence that 5'-deoxy-5-fluorouridine may not be activated by the same mechanism as 5-fluorouracil. PMID- 6215923 TI - Susceptibility to adjuvant arthritis in DA and F344 rats. A dominant trait controlled by an autosomal gene locus linked to the major histocompatibility complex. AB - The hereditary of adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats of the DA and Fisher 344 strains was examined. Development of arthritic lesions in response to a single injection of supplemented Freund's complete adjuvant has been found to be controlled by an autosomal, dominant gene locus, Ar. The capacity to respond was present in DA rats and absent in our Fisher rats. Ar has been found to be linked to the major histocompatibility complex genes with which it exhibits a high rate of recombination. PMID- 6215922 TI - Therapeutic response of leukemic mice treated with fluorinated pyrimidines and inhibitors of deoxyuridylate synthesis. AB - The therapeutic efficacy of combinations of fluorinated pyrimidines and inhibitors of either ribonucleotide reductase or deoxycytidylate deaminase was evaluated for the treatment of the L1210 mouse leukemia in DBA/2 mice. Therapeutic synergisms were observed with optimal combinations of 5-fluor-2' deoxyuridine and either hydroxyurea or guanazole. In addition, mice treated with guanazole combined with 5-fluorouracil survived longer than was observed with any dose of guanazole or with 5-fluorouracil alone. Tetrahydrodeoxyuridine, a potential prodrug of a transition-state analog of deoxycytidylate deaminase, did not have antitumor activity by itself nor did it improve the therapeutic response of leukemic mice to 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that deoxyuridylate accumulation was limited by inhibition of ribonucleotide reductase but not by administration of tetrahydrodeoxyuridine. It is suggested that combination chemotherapy with fluorinated pyrimidines and inhibitors of deoxyuridylate synthesis may improve the therapeutic response to these drugs. PMID- 6215924 TI - Effect of purified growth factors on rabbit articular chondrocytes in monolayer culture. I. Dna synthesis. AB - The ability of purified growth factors, insulin, ascorbate, and several other compounds to stimulate DNA synthesis by rabbit articular chondrocytes was studied in monolayer culture. Platelet-derived growth factor (1 U/ml), pituitary fibroblast growth factor (1-100 ng/ml), and epidermal growth factor (1-50 ng/ml) were stimulatory in a basal medium supplemented with 1% heat-inactivated fetal bovine serum. Insulin, 1-50 micrograms/ml, has small growth-promoting effects but acted synergistically with platelet-derived, pituitary fibroblast, and epidermal growth factors. Increasing concentrations of serum up to 10% enhanced the growth promoting action of the purified factors, but not of insulin. There were indications of cooperation between insulin and bovine serum albumin and dexamethasone. Ascorbate (0.2 mM) reduced or had little growth-promoting action in the basal medium. At 5 and 10% serum concentrations, however, ascorbate promoted DNA synthesis as effectively as the purified growth factors. No significant stimulatory effect was shown by transferrin, thrombin, L-glutamine, putrescine, selenous acid, dexamethasone, 7S nerve growth factor, or multiplication-stimulating activity. PMID- 6215925 TI - Effect of purified growth factors on rabbit articular chondrocytes in monolayer culture. II. Sulfated proteoglycan synthesis. AB - The effect of 3 purified peptide growth factors--platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), epidermal growth factor (EGF), pituitary fibroblast growth factor (FGF)- heat-inactivated fetal bovine serum (FBS), insulin, and 0.2 mM ascorbate on synthesis of sulfated proteoglycan by rabbit articular chondrocytes was studied in monolayer culture. Growth of the cells increased linearly as the concentration of heat-inactivated FBS rose from 0 to 30%. Glycosaminoglycan (GAG) synthesis (35SO4/micrograms DNA) was enhanced as the concentration of heat-inactivated FBS went from 0 to 5%. At higher levels of serum, radiosulfate incorporation declined progressively. Two modes of study of the test factors were used: 1) the dose of the factor was increased while the serum concentration was fixed at a low basal level (1% heat-inactivated FBS); 2) the dose of the test factor was kept constant but the level of heat-inactivated FBS varied from 0 to 10%. There was an inverse relationship between GAG and DNA synthesis when proliferation of cells was increased by EGF and platelet lysate. PDGF (1 U/ml) stimulated radiosulfate incorporation as well as DNA formation in the serum-free medium; the values for GAG synthesis did not increase as the serum concentration increased, but the cell mass did. The action of FGF was intermediate between that of EGF and PDGF: with 50 ng FGF/ml, increasing concentrations of serum caused a large progressive reduction of radiosulfate incorporation as growth was stimulated. In basal medium, however, FGF caused mild enhancement of GAG synthesis. Insulin increased aggregatable proteoglycan production far out of proportion to its growth promoting activity in the presence of 1% heat-inactivated FBS. The response was effaced when higher concentrations of serum were employed. Ascorbate had a unique anabolic effect, increasing both cell growth and proteoglycan synthesis that is not suppressed by higher concentrations of serum. The content of serum and its several peptide and hormonal components thus have divergent effects on growth and proteoglycan synthesis in cell culture. This phenomenon must be taken into account in studying biochemical processes and pharmacologic reactions of articular chondrocytes in vitro. PMID- 6215926 TI - Functional aberration of T cell subsets in patients with Behcet's disease. AB - Abnormalities of concanavalin A-induced suppressor activity and autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction (which is part of the regulatory role of T cells on lymphocyte functions) were observed in patients with preactive Behcet's disease. However, both the functions returned to normal when the patients entered an active or inactive phase of disease. Thus, a diminution of suppressor function appears to be necessary for the initiation or potentiation of autoimmune and/or inflammatory abnormalities in Behcet's disease. Results of studies of T cell subsets and their functional analysis in patients with preactive Behcet's disease provide further evidence in support of this hypothesis. PMID- 6215927 TI - [Vigilance behavior in interaction of the serotonin-selective antidepressant zimelidine and parenterally administered ethanol]. AB - A randomized, placebo-controlled double-blind crossover study was carried out in 8 healthy male subjects to evaluate the interaction of (Z)-3-(4-bromphenyl)-N,N dimethyl-3-(3-pyridyl)-allylamine-dihydrochloride-monohydrate (zimelidine, Normud) -- a new antidepressive drug -- and alcohol. New methodological approaches to the problem consisted in a parenteral application of ethanol and the introduction of the computer-assisted Oculodynamic Test -- a new multi dimensional psychophysiological research instrument -- monitoring saccadic eye movements, choice-reaction parameters and cardiorespiratory parameters. Classical disimprovement of these parameters after ethanol infusion (equivalent to 1 mg % BEC) could be seen up to 5 h after administration. Alcohol effects were not potentiated by the selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitor zimelidine -- in contrary even a significant vigilance-stabilizing effect and improvement against placebo/ethanol values could be demonstrated for most of the vigilance-related parameters. PMID- 6215928 TI - [Clinico-hemodynamic variants of the course of congestive cardiomyopathy]. AB - A total of 45 patients with congestive cardiomyopathy (CCMP) (41 males and 4 females aged 16-57 years) were examined. The study of the clinical picture of the disease has enabled two patient groups to be distinguished: group 1 included 16 patients aged 16-56 years with a rapidly progressive course of the disease and group 2 consisted of 29 patients aged 25-57 years with a slowly progressive form. The symptoms of heart failure were found in all the patients (18 with stage A and 27 with stage B). The cardiothoracal index was 0.64 in rapidly progressive CCMP and 0.58 in slowly progressive one. All the patients with CCMP had a characteristic marked dilatation of all the heart cavities, a sharp decrease in the indices of the pumping and contractile function of the myocardium. These changes were more marked in patients with rapidly progressive CCMP. PMID- 6215929 TI - [Extraction and purification of slow myosin from the masseter muscle of Ovis aries]. AB - Ovis aries masseter is a typical muscle consisting of slow-twitch fibres. The muscle homogeneity is well evidenced histochemically by the myosin ATPase reaction. The extraction and purification of myosin from sheep masseter is reported. After its centrifugation and dialysis followed by ion-exchange chromatography, the protein analysed on SDS polyacrylamide gels showed the usual pattern of slow myosin. The light-chain LC2 was present as a double band, a fact which has already been reported and which could be ascribed to SH group oxidation. From the present data sheep masseter can be considered a good source of slow myosin, and we have used it satisfactorily in the preparation of specific antibodies. PMID- 6215930 TI - [Review of the system of positron emission tomography and its clinical application]. PMID- 6215931 TI - Geography and dental caries. PMID- 6215932 TI - Morbidity in minor gynaecological surgery: a comparison of halothane, enflurane and isoflurane. AB - A comparison was made between halothane, enflurane and isoflurane with regard to their suitability for minor gynaecological procedures in patients who would be leaving the hospital within 24 h of the anaesthetic. Seventy-five healthy patients were randomly allotted to one of three groups which received one of these anaesthetics. In respect of patient acceptance and postoperative morbidity there were no significant differences between halothane and enflurane, but after isoflurane there was a significantly greater frequency of minor sequelae (headache, nausea, dizziness and coughing) and its pungent odour made it unacceptable to some patients. PMID- 6215933 TI - Characterization of T-lymphocyte subsets in hairy-cell leukaemia (HCL) by monoclonal antibodies: comparison with Fc gamma, Fc mu receptors and correlation with disease activity. AB - T lymphocytes from 22 patients with hairy-cell leukaemia (HCL) were assessed on the basis of their ability to bind the Fc receptors for IgM (T mu) or IgG (T gamma), and by the capacity to react with OKT monoclonal antibodies. T-cell subsets defined by the presence of Fc receptors for IgM or IgG showed an overall increase in the proportion of T gamma cells and a non-significant decrease of T mu cells, regardless of the clinical state of the disease. Results with monoclonal antibodies showed that in patients with HCL in clinical remission T cell subsets were normally balanced, while in patients with active disease the distribution and absolute number of T-cell subpopulations appeared markedly impaired, with a significant increase of OKT8 positive cells (suppressor/cytotoxic) and a significant reduction of OKT4 positive cells (helper/inducer) compared both with active disease patients and with normal controls. The OKT4+/OKT8+ ratio was also significantly reduced in patients with active disease compared with those in clinical remission and with controls (0.96 v 1.63 and v 1.94, respectively). Our findings confirm the heterogeneity of T cell subset positivity defined by monoclonal antibodies and by Fc mu and Fc gamma receptors and suggest that in patients with HCL the distribution of OKT4 and OKT8 positive cells is closely correlated to the clinical state of the disease. PMID- 6215934 TI - Evans syndrome. PMID- 6215935 TI - Pumpkin seed inhibitor of human factor XIIa (activated Hageman factor) and bovine trypsin. AB - A strong inhibitor of human Hageman factor fragment (HFf, beta-factor XIIa) and bovine trypsin was isolated from pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima) seed extracts by acetone fractionation, by chromatography on columns of diethyl aminoethylcellulose and carboxylmethyl-Sephadex C-25, and by Sephadex G-50 gel filtration. Pumpkin seed Hageman factor inhibitor (PHFI) is unusual in its lack of inhibition of several other serine proteinases tested--human plasma, human urinary, and porcine pancreatic kallikreins, human alpha-thrombin, and bovine alpha-chymotrypsin. Human plasmin and bovine factor Xa are only weakly inhibited. PHFI also inhibits the HFf-dependent activation of plasma prekallikrein and clotting of plasma. Other properties of PHFI are a pI of 8.3, 29 amino acid residues, amino-terminal arginine, carboxyl-terminal glycine, 3 cystine residues, undetectable sulfhydryl groups and carbohydrate, and arginine at the reactive site. The minimum molecular weight of PHFI is 3268 by amino acid analysis. PHFI may be the smallest protein inhibitor of trypsin known. PMID- 6215936 TI - 3-fluoro-3-deoxycitrate: a probe for mechanistic study of citrate-utilizing enzymes. AB - The interaction of a novel fluorinated analogue of citrate, 3-fluoro-3 deoxycitrate (3-fluorocitrate), with the four known citrate-processing enzymes is described in this report. Three of the citrate-processing enzymes, citrate synthase, ATP citrate lyase, and citrate lyase, catalyze reversible aldol-type condensations. The fate of 3-fluorocitrate with each enzyme is uniquely related to their mechanisms of action. For citrate synthase, 3-fluorocitrate is a competitive inhibitor. 3-Fluorocitrate is a substrate for the carboxylate activation half-reaction catalyzed by ATP citrate lyase and induces a net ATPase action during conversion to 3-fluorocitryl-S-coenzyme A. Because of the unusual mechanism of citrate cleavage catalyzed by bacterial citrate lyase, 3 fluorocitrate is a mechanism-based inhibitor, acting at two points during turnover of the acetyl enzyme. The fourth citrate-processing enzyme, aconitase, does turn over 3-fluorocitrate catalytically. This enzyme, catalyzing a dehydration and rehydration of citrate, also catalyzes the elimination of HF from 3-fluorocitrate, yielding cis-aconitate and fluoride. PMID- 6215937 TI - Reversible loss of cooperative calcium ion binding by sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium adenosinetriphosphatase. AB - Incubation of rabbit skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles in solutions of very low [Ca2+] caused Ca2+ to bind noncooperatively, as determined by the dependence of the intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence intensity on added increments of Ca2+. Cooperative Ca2+ binding was obtained if the ATPase was incubated in [Ca2+] high enough (25 microM) to saturate the two high-affinity Ca2+ binding sites and then titrated with [ethylenebis(oxyethylenenitrilo)]tetraacetic acid. The cooperative binding had an apparent association constant of 6.3 X 10(6) M-1 and a Hill coefficient of 2.6; these constants for the noncooperative binding case were 5.0 X 10(5) M-1 and 1.2, respectively. The transitions from the noncooperative to the cooperative Ca2+ binding forms of the enzyme were slow compared to the time required for Ca2+ binding to reach equilibrium. Thus, it appears that sarcoplasmic reticulum CaATPase is a hysteretic enzyme. Intrinsic association constants for Ca2+ binding and equilibrium constants for the transitions between the two forms in low and high [Ca2+] were estimated from analyses of a general scheme for cooperative and noncooperative binding. PMID- 6215938 TI - Chemical modification of F1-ATPase by dicyclohexylcarbodiimide: application to analysis of the stoichiometry of subunits in Escherichia coli F1. AB - N,N'-Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCCD) covalently binds to the beta subunit of Escherichia coli F1-ATPase (BF1). The ATPase activity is fully inhibited when 1 mol of DCCD is bound/mol of BF1, in spite of the fact that BF1 contains several beta subunits [Satre, M., Lunardi, J., Pougeois, R., & Vignais, P.V. (1979) Biochemistry 18, 3134-3140]. Advantage was taken of the reactivity of DCCD with respect to BF1 to determine the exact stoichiometry of the beta subunits in BF1. Two methods were used. The first one was based on the fact that modification of the beta subunit by DCCD results in the disappearance of one negative charge, due to the binding of DCCD to a carboxyl group of the beta subunit. The nonmodified and the modified beta subunits were separated by electrofocusing, and the percentage of modified beta subunits was assessed as a function of the percentage of ATPase inactivation. The second method relied on direct comparison, after inactivation of BF1 by [14C]DCCD, of the specific radioactivities of the whole BF1 and the isolated beta subunits. Both methods indicate that each molecule of BF1 contains three beta subunits. PMID- 6215939 TI - Investigation of the actin-deoxyribonuclease I interaction using a pyrene conjugated actin derivative. AB - The interaction of deoxyribonuclease I with muscle actin was studied with the aid of a pyrenyl derivative of the actin [Kouyama, T., & Mihashi, K. (1981) Eur. J. Biochem. 114, 33-38] that increases its quantum yield by an order of magnitude on polymerization. It is shown that this derivative copolymerizes with unlabeled G actin in a random manner and will also bind to deoxyribonuclease with inhibition of enzymic activity. The derivative affords a highly sensitive means of following nucleated polymerization. Preincubation of F-actin with deoxyribonuclease at a concentration of 5% or less of that of total subunits causes inhibition of polymerization of additional G-actin onto the filaments. In red cell membranes that contain stabilized short filaments of actin such that the concentration of filament ends is large relative to monomers, complete inhibition of nucleated polymerization of G-actin is achieved by preincubation with deoxyribonuclease. The results indicate that binding of DNase occurs at the "plus" ends of the actin filaments. Competition with cytochalasin E, which is known to have a high affinity for the plus or preferentially growing ends of F-actin, can be observed. Whereas the activity of deoxyribonuclease in the 1:1 complex with G-actin is inhibited, the enzyme attached to the ends of filaments appears to be fully active. This causes a reduction in the inhibition of enzymic activity with increasing F-actin concentration, presumably by reason of a change in the partition of the enzyme between monomers and filament ends. The degree of inhibition increases with time, however, as the actin depolymerizes. Implications for measurements of actin monomer concentrations by the deoxyribonuclease assay procedure are considered. PMID- 6215940 TI - Circadian rhythms in Neurospora crassa: oscillations in fatty acids. PMID- 6215941 TI - Nitrogen-15 spin-lattice relaxation times of amino acids in Neurospora crassa as a probe of intracellular environment. AB - The nitrogen-15 spin-lattice relaxation time, T1, and the nuclear Overhauser enhancement (NOE) have been measured for intracellular glutamine, alanine, and arginine in intact Neurospora crassa mycelia to probe their various intracellular environments. The relaxations of 15N gamma of glutamine, 15N alpha of alanine, and 15N omega, omega ' of arginine in N. crassa were found, on the basis of their NOE values, to be predominantly the result of 15N-H dipolar relaxation. These relaxations are therefore related to the microviscosities of the various environments and associations of the respective molecules with other cellular components that act to increase the effective molecular sizes. For 15N gamma of glutamine in the cytoplasm, the intracellular T1 (4.1 s) was only slightly shorter than that in the culture medium (4.9 s). This indicates that the microviscosity of the cytoplasm surrounding the glutamine molecules is not much greater than 1.3 cP. By contrast, for 15N omega, omega ' of arginine, which is sequestered in vacuoles containing polyphosphates, the intracellular T1 (1.1 s) was only one-fourth of that in the medium (4.6 s). In model systems, the T1 of 15N omega, omega ' in a 1 M aqueous solution of arginine containing 0.2 M pentaphosphate was 0.95 s, whereas in an isoviscous (2.8 cP) solution without pentaphosphate, the T1 was 1.8 s. These results suggest either that the vacuolar viscosity is substantially above 2.8 cP or that the omega, omega '-nitrogens of vacuolar arginine are associated with a polyanion, possibly polyphosphate. The implications of these results for the properties of the vacuolar interior are discussed in relation to the mechanism of amino acid compartmentation. PMID- 6215942 TI - Studies of the nucleotide-binding sites on the mitochondrial F1-ATPase through the use of a photoactivable derivative of adenylyl imidodiphosphate. AB - (1)N-4-Azido-2-nitrophenyl-gamma-[3H]aminobutyryl-AdoPP[NH] P(NAP4-AdoPP[NH]P) a photoactivable derivative of 5-adenylyl imidodiphosphate (AdoPP[NH]P), was synthesized. (2) Binding of [3H]NAP4-AdoPP[NH]P to soluble ATPase from beef heart mitochondria (F1) was studied in the absence of photoirradiation, and compared to that of [3H]AdoPP[NH]P. The photoactivable derivative of AdoPP[NH]P was found to bind to F1 with high affinity, like AdoPP[NH]P. Once [3H]NAP4-AdoPP[NH]P had bound to F1 in the dark, it could be released by AdoPP[NH]P, ADP and ATP, but not at all by NAP4 or AMP. Furthermore, preincubation of F1 with unlabeled AdoPP[NH]P, ADP, or ATP prevented the covalent labeling of the enzyme by [3H]NAP4 AdoPP[NH]P upon photoirradiation. (3) Photoirradiation of F1 by [3H]NAP4 AdoPP[NH]P resulted in covalent photolabeling and concomitant inactivation of the enzyme. Full inactivation corresponded to the binding of about 2 mol [3H]NAP4 AdoPP[NH]P/mol F1. Photolabeling by NAP4-AdoPP[NH]P was much more efficient in the presence than in the absence of MgCl2. (4) Bound [3H]NAP4-AdoPP[NH]P was localized on the alpha- and beta- subunits of F1. At low concentrations (less than 10 microM), bound [3H]NAP4-AdoPP[NH]P was predominantly localized on the alpha-subunit; at concentrations equal to, or greater than 75 microM, both alpha- and beta-subunits were equally labeled. (5) The extent of inactivation was independent of the nature of the photolabeled subunit (alpha or beta), suggesting that each of the two subunits, alpha and beta, is required for the activity of F1. (6) The covalently photolabeled F1 was able to form a complex with aurovertin, as does native F1. The ADP-induced fluorescence enhancement was more severely inhibited than the fluorescence quenching caused by ATP. The precentage of inactivation of F1 was virtually the same as the percentage of inhibition of the ATP-induced fluorescence quenching, suggestion that fluorescence quenching is related to the binding of ATP to the catalytic site of F1. PMID- 6215943 TI - Estimation of H+-translation stoicheiometry of mitochondrial ATPase by comparison of proton-motive forces with clamped phosphorylation potentials in submitochondrial particles. AB - The proton-motive forces generated in submitochondrial particles by both hydrolysis of ATP and oxidation of succinate have been measured by flow dialysis and compared with the ambient phosphorylation potentials. It is concluded that three H+ are translocated for each ATP molecule hydrolysed or synthesised. By utilising rat liver mitochondria respiring with beta-hydroxybutyrate as a new system for regeneration of ATP from ADP and Pi, phosphorylation potentials were clamped at a range of values by using mixtures of particles and mitochondria in various ratios. As the rate of ATP hydrolysis by the particles was lowered, the proton-motive force decreased only slightly except at the very lowest rates, these results paralleling earlier studies on the relation between rate of respiration-driven proton translocation and proton-motive force. PMID- 6215944 TI - Rate constants for calmodulin binding to Ca2+-ATPase in erythrocyte membranes. AB - The Ca2+-ATPase (ATP phosphohydrolase, EC 3.6.1.3) in human erythrocyte membranes, which is part of the Ca2+ pump, can be activated by binding of calmodulin. Rate constants (k1) for association of calmodulin and enzyme, which depends on the Ca2+ concentration, have been determined by the aid of an enzyme model. k1 increased from 0.25 . 10(6) to 17.3 . 10(6) M-1 . min-1 (70 times) when the free Ca2+ concentration was raised from 0.7 to 20 microM. The binding of calmodulin to the Ca2+-ATPase is reversible. The rate constants (k-1) for dissociation of enzyme-calmodulin complex decreased from 6.0 to 0.044 min-1 (135 times) when the free Ca2+ concentration was increased from 0.1 to 2-20 microM. The apparent dissociation constant Kd = k-1/k1 accordingly increased from 2.5 nM to 25 microM (or higher) when the Ca2+ concentration was reduced from 20 to 0.1 microM. Therefore, at 10(-7) M free Ca2+ most of the Ca2+-pump enzyme will not bind calmodulin. For the intact cell the time dependences of activation and deactivation of the Ca2+-pump enzyme have been estimated from the rate constants above. The results suggest that the Ca2+ pump is well suited to maintain a cytosolic concentration of 10(-7) M free Ca2+ (or lower) in the unstimulated cell and, when the cell is stimulated, to allow transient Ca2+ signals up to approx. 10(-5) M in the cytosol. PMID- 6215945 TI - A serial study of muscle microsomes during the early growth of genetically dystrophic chickens. AB - Two lines of genetically involved and control chickens were compared with regard to the onset of muscle dystrophy during the early stages of growth ex ovo. Definite structural and functional involvement of pectoralis muscle developed within the first 4-5 weeks. In parallel experiments, microsomal membranes were obtained weekly from pectoralis muscle during the first 14 weeks ex ovo. The microsomes were studied with respect to ultrastructural features, protein composition, Ca2+ uptake and ATPase activity. Microsomal preparations obtained from all newborn chickens contain two types of vesicles: one type reveals an asymmetric distribution and 'high density' of particles on freeze-fracture faces which is characteristic of sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) membrane; the other type reveals a symmetric distribution and 'low density' of particles. The yield of 'low density' microsomes from muscle of normal birds is very much reduced as the chicks grow from 1 to 4-5 weeks ex ovo. On the contrary, it remains high in chicks developing muscle dystrophy. Ca2+ uptake and coupled ATPase activity are found to be of nearly identical specific activity in control and genetically involved newborn chicks. The specific activity of the control birds, however, increases as the chicks grow from 1 to 4-5 weeks of age, while the specific activity of the dystrophic birds remains low. Such a difference appears to be related to the relative representation of sarcoplasmic reticulum and 'low density' vesicles in the microsomal preparations. It is concluded that failure to obtain a normal differentiation of muscle cell membranes is a basic defect noted in the early growth of genetically involved chickens. This defect appears along with the earliest signs of the dystrophic process. PMID- 6215946 TI - Effect of inorganic anions of the inhibition of trehalase activity by mercuric chloride. AB - Monovalent inorganic anions showed an unexpected effect on the inhibition of trehalase (alpha, alpha-trehalose glucohydrolase, EC 3.2.1.28) by SH inhibitors. This phenomeon (deinhibition) was caused by monovalent anions, Cl-, Br-, I- and SCN- . F- and ClO4- showed partial deinhibition. Deinhibition was not caused by NO2- and SO4-. The effectiveness of the "active anions' in causing deinhibition was highly dependent on the anion size. Trehalase in the presence of mercuric chloride was "activated' by Cl-, and the activation was saturable. From the results of Dixon plots for trehalase at different concentrations of the "activator' (deinhibitor) and a constant concentration of the substrate, it can be seen that the activator and the inhibitor competed with each other. Thus, it is suggested that the activator and the inhibitor share a common binding site or bind very near each other. The Ki value for mercuric chloride was increased with increasing concentration of NaCl. Therefore, it might be essential to remove the "active anions' in order to determine the inhibitory effect and the Ki value of trehalase for SH inhibitors. PMID- 6215947 TI - Determination of intra- and intermolecular tritium isotope effects in the reaction of thymine 7-hydroxylase. AB - Different [7-3H]thymine preparations have been used to determine the inter- and intramolecular isotope effects of the 2-oxoglutarate-dependent thymine hydroxylation, catalyzed by thymine 7-hydroxylase (thymine, 2-oxoglutarate:oxygen oxidoreductase, EC 1.14.11.6). Specific activity ratios of products, viz., 3H2O and 5-hydroxymethyluracil, and remaining substrate to initial substrate have been determined. The influence on these ratios of intra- and intermolecular isotope effects at different degrees of tritium substitution has been analyzed. An intramolecular isotope effect with a kH/kT of about 6.5 has been found. No intermolecular isotope effect of TV/K could be detected when oxygen concentration was varied from 0.4 to 0.01 mM. This agrees with a mechanism in which 2 oxoglutarate is irreversibly changed before the bond-breaking in thymine takes place. PMID- 6215948 TI - Secretion of surfactant by primary cultures of alveolar type II cells isolated from rats. AB - Pulmonary surfactant conventionally is prepared from material obtained by endobronchial lavage. Although it has been assumed that the components of surfactant are secreted by alveolar type II cells, direct proof of this assumption has not been available. Furthermore, it is possible that the final material obtained by lavage has been modified after secretion or altered during the isolation procedure. It has been shown previously that type II cells, after 1 day in primary culture, secrete saturated phosphatidylcholine, one of the lipid components of surfactant. Because saturated phosphatidylcholine is not unique to surfactant and because type II cells in culture lose differentiated characteristics over the first several days in culture, it has not previously been established how closely the secretory products of cultures of type II cells resemble surfactant as obtained by endobronchial lavage. We therefore studied the morphologic, physical and chemical characteristics of the material that type II cells secrete under basal conditions and after stimulation with terbutaline or 12 O-tetradecanoyl-13-phorbol acetate. The secreted material resembled surfactant obtained by lavage; it was similar morphologically to the lamellar material and tubular myelin seen in the fluid-filled alveoli of fetal rats, it lowered surface tension to 5 mN per meter, and it contained the 72000 dalton apolipoprotein of surfactant (as measured by the 'rocket' immunoelectrophoresis technique). When cells were incubated for 22 h with [1-(14)C]acetate, the distribution of radioactivity in the secreted material was very similar to the phospholipid composition of rat surfactant. We conclude that the material secreted by alveolar type II cells after 1 day in primary culture is similar to surfactant obtained by endobronchial lavage. PMID- 6215949 TI - [Influence of light on membrane potential of Neurospora crassa cells]. AB - In experiments with left atrial and right ventricular tissues fast sodium current (INa) was decreased by substituting sucrose for sodium in Tyrode's solution and with antiarrhythmic drugs--INa blockers (lidocaine, diphenylhydantoine and ethmozine). It was shown that INa decrease results in the growth of refractoriness (R) of the cardiac tissues. The hypothesis is advanced that the R growth caused by INa decrease is one of the mechanisms of selective sensitiveness of ischemic heart tissues to antiarrhythmic drugs--INa blockers. PMID- 6215950 TI - Reactivation and mutagenesis of UV irradiated lambda phage in bacteria treated with platinum (II) compounds. AB - Treatment of wild type Escherichia coli with cis -Pt(NH3)2Cl2 increased the survival and frequency of clear plaques formation of lambda phage damaged by UV radiation. The reactivation process was present in an uvrA mutant and abolished in a lexA host. Trans-Pt(NH3)2Cl2 and [Pt(dien) Cl]Cl (dien = 2HN-CH2-CH2NH-CH2 CH2-NH2) which, inhibited DNA synthesis less than the cis isomer or not at all, respectively, induced only a slight increase in survival of UV irradiated phage while mutagenesis was not affected. A relation exists between the reactivation of UV damaged phage in bacteria treated with these three compounds and their recently reported abilities to inhibit DNA synthesis and induce recA protein. PMID- 6215951 TI - recF-dependent recombination as a SOS function. PMID- 6215952 TI - Increased detection of the SOS mutator effect in Escherichia coli mutants deficient in mismatch correction. PMID- 6215953 TI - Effects of Escherichia coli mutator genes mutH, mutL and mutS on 2-aminopurine induced DNA repair. PMID- 6215954 TI - Damaged-site independent mutagenesis of phage lambda produced by inducible error prone repair. AB - The existence of damaged-site independent mutagenesis is confirmed here by scoring the appearance of clear-plaque (c-) or virulent (vir) forward mutations on intact (non-irradiated) phage lambda grown on UV-irradiated E. coli K12 hosts. The mutation frequency was measured as a function of the incubation time between the occurrence of host DNA lesions and phage infection. The time course of mutagenesis of intact phage followed the induction pattern observed upon UV reactivation of UV-damaged phage by Defais et al. (1976). Intact phage did not mutate in UV-irradiated hosts carrying the uvm-25 mutation known to prevent the occurrence of UV-reactivation. These findings suggest that damaged-site independent mutagenesis results from inducible error-prone repair. Clear-plaque mutations arising on intact phage were mostly found in phage bursts consisting of clear and turbid plaque formers whereas UV-damaged phage gave rise to mostly clear-plaque formers. Contrarily to damaged-site dependent mutagenesis, damaged site independent mutagenesis can arise even at late times during the phage replication cycle. Our data indicate that about half of the phage mutations that arise upon UV-reactivation are damaged-site independent mutations. Replication of intact phage DNA in a host during induction of SOS functions provides a sensitive assay for the detection of damaged-site independent mutagenesis. PMID- 6215956 TI - [ATPase activity and uptake of calcium by a fraction of plasma membrane of rabbit myometrium at functional rest and in pregnancy]. AB - Study of the dependence of 45CA2+ binding on its concentration demonstrated that both at functional rest (FR) and in pregnancy the Ca-binding ability of rabbit myometrium subcellular fractions is decreased in the following order: sarcolemma greater than microsomes greater than mitochondria approximately nuclei. The values of Kd for the sarcolemmal Ca2+-binding site complex are identical in both cases (80-87 micro M); however, the maximal calcium-binding capacity of pregnancy is 1.5 times less than in FR. In the plasma membrane fraction of pregnant rabbits the adenosine triphosphatase activity is decreased. The rate of ATP-dependent 45Ca2+ uptake in sarcolemmal fraction is significantly higher than in other subcellular fractions in both conditions. It is concluded that at FR and in pregnancy sarcolemma plays a key role in regulation of ionized calcium concentration in myometrium cells. PMID- 6215955 TI - The role of DNA polymerase in base substitution mutagenesis on non-instructional templates. AB - In vitro DNA synthesis on phi X174 or M13 templates with non-instructional lesions such as UV dimers or AP (apurinic/apyrimidinic) sites terminates one base before the site of the lesion when synthesis is catalyzed by T4 DNA polymerase or E. coli polymerase I. E. Coli polymerase I also produces termination bands at the site of AP lesions. Substitution of Mn2+ for Mg2+ and increasing the concentration of dNTP's results in elongation of the newly synthesized strand opposite the site of the lesion and beyond. Purine deoxynucleoside triphosphates are utilized for insertion opposite lesions to a greater extent than are pyrimidine deoxynucleoside triphosphates. Deoxy ATP is used almost exclusively for elongation opposite AP sites with pol I-Klenow fragment in the presence of Mg2+. We suppose that these results illustrate the previously observed greater affinity of polymerases under template-free conditions for purine nucleotides. We also suppose that the results can be used to account for mutagenic base selection on noninstructional DNA templates. If purines are preferentially selected by polymerases, then treatments which inactivate pyrimidines will lead to an excess of transitions whereas inactivation of purines will produce more transversions. Data in the literature support this hypothesis. PMID- 6215957 TI - [Reconstitution of the function of the coupling complex of chloroplasts on phospholipid vesicles]. AB - The function of H+-ATPase (CF1-CF0) complex from spinach chloroplasts was reconstituted on azolectin liposomes. Using these proteoliposomes, the 32P-ATP exchange reaction sensitive to dicyclohexylcarbodiimide and uncouplers was established. Combined incorporation of H+-ATPase and bacteriorhodopsin as a delta mu H+ inducer results in photophosphorylation. The optimal conditions for production of liposomes with a low permeability of membranes for ions were elaborated with a view towards improving the existing reconstitution methods. PMID- 6215958 TI - [Importance of thrombocyte aggregation in altering the fibrinolytic activity and nonenzymatic fibrinolysis of the blood plasma]. PMID- 6215959 TI - Autosomal dominant keratosis palmaris et plantaris with clinodactyly. PMID- 6215960 TI - A case of mosaic Down syndrome with 46,XY/47,XY, + 21/46,XY, + fragment cell lines. PMID- 6215961 TI - Reduced number of skeletal muscle fiber nuclei in Down syndrome: speculation on a "shut off" role of chromosome 21 in control of DNA and nuclear replication rates, possibly via determination of cell surface area per nucleus. PMID- 6215962 TI - Characterization of the IgG-Fc receptor on human platelets. AB - To determine quantitatively the number and avidity of receptors for the Fc portion of IgG on human platelets, we have measured the binding to platelets of human monomeric monoclonal IgG, and of small covalently crosslinked polymers of IgG1 labeled with 125I. The binding of labeled IgG1 monomers to platelets is too weak to permit quantitation. The binding of dimers or larger polymers of IgG1 is much more avid (greater at 4 degrees C than 37 degrees C), is readily reversible, and is saturable. The number of receptor sites ranges from 400 to 2000 per platelet and the mean equilibrium association constant (Ka) for the binding of dimers at 4 degrees C is 2.2 x 10(7) M-1 +/- 0.9 x 10(7) M-1. The binding is specific for the Fc portion of IgG, and IgG1 and IgG3 bind to the receptors much more avidly than IgG2 or IgG4. Unlabeled IgG1 dimers are about 7--8-fold more potent in inhibiting binding than are IgG1 monomers, and larger polymers are even more potent than dimers. Thus, the Fc receptors on platelets bind human IgG1 with the same specificity and similar avidity as Fc receptors on polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs), but PMNs have about 300-fold more receptors per unit of surface area than platelets. PMID- 6215963 TI - Generation of CFU-C suppressor T cells in vitro. III. Failure of mitogen-primed T cells from patients with chronic granulocytic leukemia to inhibit the growth of normal CFU-C. AB - T lymphocytes were derived by E rosetting from the peripheral blood (PB) and bone marrow (BM) of 15 patients with chronic granulocytic leukemia (CGL) in the chronic phase of their disease. T cells were also obtained from 12 healthy individuals. T cells were incubated overnight either in culture medium (RPMI) or RPMI plus pokeweed mitogen (PWM). The supernatants were then recovered and the cells washed in fresh RPMI. T cells from normal donors and from CGL patients were then cocultured with normal allogeneic marrow cells grown in soft agar for CFU-C colony formation. Target marrow cells were also grown in agar in the presence of T-derived supernatants. The results of this study can be summarized as follows. (1) Normal PB and BM T cells efficiently suppressed autologous and allogeneic CFU C growth after PWM stimulation. (2) T cells derived from peripheral blood or marrow of CGL patients failed to inhibit CFU-C growth, whether pretreated with PWM or not. (3) The supernatants of PWM-treated normal T cells strongly inhibited CFU-C colony formation, whereas the supernatants of PWM-treated CGL T cells had no CFU-C/suppressor activity. These data indicate that T cells from CGL patients cannot be primed to become CFU-C suppressor cells after PWM: stimulation in vitro and cannot release a soluble inhibitor of granulopoiesis produced by PWM-primed normal T cells. PMID- 6215964 TI - [Colonic nerve network demonstrated by quinacrine]. AB - Quinacrine can be used for fluorescence microscopy to visualize certain cell bodies and fibres in the myenteric plexus of the intestine, forming a network different from the cholinergic and adrenergic systems. In the Piebald mouse, animal model of congenital megacolon, the quinacrine positive plexus is thin in the distal narrowed segment and well developed in the large proximal zone. In Hirschsprung's disease, the quniacrine positive network has the same pathologic features but, contrary to the animal model, there is an increased number and size of extrinsic cholinergic and adrenergic fibres. So this mouse is an animal model of a pseudo-Hirschsprung's disease, which has not yet been reported in human pathology. PMID- 6215965 TI - Soft tissue reconstruction of the breast using an external oblique myocutaneous abdominal flap. PMID- 6215966 TI - Breast reconstruction with a lower abdominal myocutaneous flap. PMID- 6215967 TI - Gastrointestinal disturbances in runners. PMID- 6215968 TI - Sacroiliac joint uptake ratios in inflammatory bowel disease: relationship to back pain and to activity of bowel disease. AB - Sacroiliac uptake ratios based on 99Tcm methylene diphosphonate images were calculated in 14 patients with ankylosing spondylitis, 23 patients with non specific backache, 33 patients with inflammatory bowel disease (ulcerative colitis 19, Crohn's disease 14) and 33 control subjects. Twenty-eight of the control subjects were patients referred from a breast cancer clinic. In the control subjects, and in 20 patients with inflammatory bowel disease who did not have back pain, sacroiliac ratios decreased significantly with increasing age (p less than 0.001 and p less than 0.01 respectively). Sacroiliac uptake ratios were significantly higher in ankylosing spondylitis than in patients with non-specific backache. Seven of the 14 patients with ankylosing spondylitis had higher sacroiliac ratios than any recorded in the control subjects. Eleven patients with inflammatory bowel disease had abnormally high sacroiliac uptake ratios; ten of these patients had back pain. Increased sacroiliac joint uptake in such patients may reflect early sacroiliitis. No relationship was detected between sacroiliac uptake and the activity of the bowel disease. Sacroiliac uptake ratios were significantly higher in the inflammatory bowel disease patients suffering from back pain than in age and sex matched patients with (a) inflammatory bowel disease but no back pain or (b) non-specific backache. PMID- 6215969 TI - Severe headache and disturbed liver function during treatment with zimelidine. PMID- 6215970 TI - Adverse reaction to ipratropium bromide. PMID- 6215971 TI - Role of serotonin in the apomorphine-induced increase of adrenomedullary ornithine decarboxylase activity. PMID- 6215972 TI - Central nervous system effect of calcitonin: stimulation of prolactin release in rats. AB - Effect of [Asu 1,7]eel calcitonin (CT) on prolactin (PRL) release was examined in male rats under urethane anesthesia. Intravenous injection of 4-20 micrograms [Asu1,7]eel CT did not modify plasma PRL levels. Injections of 0.5-2.5 micrograms [Asu1,7]eel CT into the lateral ventricle produce a significant and dose-related increase of plasma PRL within 10 min of injection. When intraventricularly injected in an equimolar dose (0.74 nmol/10 microliters), eel CT11-32, eel CT15 32, [Asu1,7]eel CT1-16 and [Asu1,7]eel CT1-9 showed 44.8, 25.7, 19.9 and 10.1% the potencies of [Asu1,7]eel CT, respectively, in stimulating activity of PRL release. The rise of plasma PRL after [Asu1,7]eel CT injection were significantly less or abolished not only in hypothalamic-lesioned rats but also in rats with complete deafferentation. Pretreatment with alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine (250 mg/kg, 12 h before) but not with p-chlorophenylalanine (300 mg/kg, 72 and 24 h before) resulted in a suppression of [Asu1,7]eel CT-induced PRL release. These results suggest the following: first, PRL release is stimulated by centrally injected [Asu1,7]eel CT, the action site of which may exist in the extrahypothalamic area; second, brain catecholamines may be involved in the mechanism of [Asu1,7]eel CT evoked PRL release; third, the C-terminal portion of the peptide may play an important role in stimulating PRL release. PMID- 6215973 TI - Anaesthetic considerations in Down's syndrome: experience with 100 patients and a review of the literature. AB - Down's Syndrome (Trisomy 21, T21) occurs in approximately 0.15 per cent of live births. In addition to the stigmata of the syndrome, other congenital defects are frequently found in these patients. Cardiac lesions are particularly prominent. To determine the complications associated with anaesthesia and surgery we examined the records of 100 consecutive patients (58 males, 42 females) who underwent surgery with general anaesthesia during a two year period, from March 1978-March 1980. In addition to the cardiac lesions, the low birth weight of Trisomy 21 infants, increased susceptibility to infections, atlanto-occipital dislocation, and reduced central nervous system catecholamine levels might be expected to result in an increased incidence of complications. This study of 100 patients with Trisomy 21 (T21) indicates that the incidence of complications is low. However, the anaesthetist must understand the pathophysiology of T21 in order to provide optimal anaesthetic care. PMID- 6215974 TI - The effect of metocurine and metocurine-pancuronium combination on intraocular pressure. AB - Maintenance of a normal to low intraocular pressure during ocular surgery is of critical importance. The prime considerations for anaesthetic management include adequate depth of anaesthesia, normal carbon dioxide and arterial oxygen tensions, stable cardiovascular status and avoidance of stimuli likely to raise central venous pressure. Non-depolarizing muscle relaxants are associated with a reduction in intraocular pressure. Metocurine, a non-depolarizing relaxant, formerly known as dimethyltubocurarine, has been recently reintroduced into clinical practice. Metocurine has been reported to be 1.8 times more potent than d-tubocurarine and has the clinically advantageous cardiovascular effects of stable heart rate and mean blood pressure with minimal associated histamine release. When combined with pancuronium, metocurine potentiates the neuromuscular blocking properties, so that small doses of both drugs in combination produce effective neuromuscular block. This study was designed to assess the suitability of metocurine 0.3 mg.kg-1 and metocurine 0.08 mg.kg-1 plus pancuronium 0.02 mg.kg 1 as muscle relaxants for ocular surgery. The results demonstrated that metocurine and metocurine-pancuronium combination in the above doses combined with sodium thiopentone 5 mg.kg-1 produced ideal conditions for intubation of the trachea in 4.45 (+/- 0.19 SE) minutes and 4.35 (+/- 0.16 SE) minutes respectively. In both treatment groups intraocular pressure was reduced below control values and a pattern of intraocular pressure stability ideal for ocular surgery was obtained during the 10 minutes observation period. The delayed onset of sufficient paralysis for tracheal intubation - 4.45 (+/- 0.19 SE) minutes for metocurine and 4.35 (+/- 0.16 SE) minutes for the combination - makes these techniques unsuitable for emergency ocular surgery because of the long interval when the airway is unprotected. PMID- 6215975 TI - Malignant hyperpyrexia and Duchenne muscular dystrophy: A case report. AB - We report a patient with Duchenne muscular dystrophy who developed malignant hyperpyrexia during general anaesthesia. During anaesthesia bradycardia was followed by ventricular fibrillation, on which ventricular flutter supervened and a body temperature rise of 0.6 degrees C for 15 minutes, myoglobinuria and elevation of CPK level were observed. The caffeine sensitivity test of biopsied muscle fibers revealed an increase in sensitivity, although there was no sign of muscle rigidity during or after anaesthesia. Diagnosis of Duchenne muscular dystrophy was first established after the development of malignant hyperpyrexia in the present case as well as in previously reported cases. Determination of serum CPK is very important before general anaesthesia. PMID- 6215976 TI - Epidemic of gonorrhea due to penicillinase-producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae. PMID- 6215977 TI - Maternal age-specific costs of detecting Down syndrome and neural tube defects. PMID- 6215978 TI - The total thigh and rectus abdominis myocutaneous flap for closure of extensive hemipelvectomy defects. AB - Hemipelvectomy is a lifesaving procedure when used appropriately and yields a 35%, five-year survival in the cancer patient. However, the standard posterior flap for closure is not always available. Two flaps, the thigh flap and the rectus abdominis myocutaneous flap, are described in which any soft tissue defect resulting from hemipelvectomy can be safely closed primarily when the posterior flap is not available. The total rectus abdominis flap is previously undescribed and unique in its application. These techniques significantly contribute to the surgeon's armamentarium for decreasing morbidity and mortality and resectability of unusual pelvic and thigh tumors. PMID- 6215979 TI - Chemotherapy of large bowel cancer. PMID- 6215980 TI - Laparoscopy and biopsy in malignant liver disease. AB - Laparoscopy is highly effective in diagnosing malignant liver disease, with overall accuracy in the 90% range. Up to 80% of the liver surface can be inspected, and biopsies can be directed with precision. A major advantage over scan guided percutaneous techniques is the ability to detect and biopsy lesions only a few millimeters in size on the liver surface. Laparoscopy is useful in staging the liver for metastatic disease during evaluation for treatment of primary cancers. Small peritoneal metastases may also be discovered and biopsied. Primary liver cancers and isolated metastatic deposits can be assessed for resectability, and diagnostic laparotomy can often be avoided. Laparoscopy is safely performed under local anesthesia and mild sedation. PMID- 6215981 TI - Hormonally responsive versus unresponsive progression of prostatic cancer to antiandrogen therapy as studied with the Dunning R-3327-AT and -G rat adenocarcinomas. AB - The present study has compared the response to antiandrogen therapy of the serially transplantable Dunning R-3327-AT (hereafter called AT) versus Dunning R 3327-G (hereafter called G) rat prostatic adenocarcinoma. Castration or chemical antiandrogen therapy (i.e., cyproterone acetate and diethylstilbestrol) of rats bearing established AT or G tumors results in neither regression of tumor volume nor a cessation of the continuous growth of either tumor. By these criteria, both the AT and G tumors progress following antiandrogen therapy. For the AT tumor, this progression is completely unresponsive to hormonal therapy, and thus such therapy does not increase survival of AT tumor-bearing rats. The AT tumor is therefore an example of hormonally unresponsive progression. In direct contrast, while the G tumor likewise progresses following antiandrogen therapy, this therapy does induce a 1.8-fold decrease in the subsequent growth rate of the G tumor. This positive response during progression of the G tumor results in a 78% increase in the survival of G tumor-bearing rats treated with antiandrogen therapy. The G tumor is therefore an example of hormonally responsive progression. These results indicate neither that prostatic cancers which do not regress or cease growing following antiandrogen therapy can necessarily be considered hormonally unresponsive nor that antiandrogen therapy of such tumors has been completely ineffective, since, as shown in the present study, such progression can be of either a hormonally unresponsive or a responsive type. Regardless of which type of progression occurs, however, additional therapy is required to further increase survival. The present study demonstrates that such additional therapy should probably not include the subsequent use of pharmacological doses of exogenous androgen, since, depending on the type of progression, such treatments can actually decrease survival. PMID- 6215982 TI - Phase II study of 5-FU, doxorubicin, and mitomycin (FAM) and chlorozotocin in advanced measureable pancreatic cancer. PMID- 6215983 TI - Divalent cation-activated ATP hydrolysis by mitochondrial ATP'ase--mechanism for energy depletion in ischemic reperfused myocardium. AB - Recovery of high-energy compounds by ischemic myocardium is believed to be important for its return to normal functioning. While it has been previously shown that oxidative phosphorylation is markedly reduced in mitochondria isolated from ischemic myocardium in the presence of all substrates, alterations in ATPase activity have not been confirmed. This study demonstrates that, although the rate of ATP hydrolysis produced by mitochondria isolated from 2-hr ischemic myocardium does not significantly differ from that produced by non-ischemic mitochondria, the rate produced by 2-hr ischemic, 2 hr reperfused mitochondria is significantly higher. Also, Ca++ content was observed to be higher in reperfused than in non reperfused ischemic mitochondria. The addition of EDTA, EGTA, or oligomycin to the reperfused ischemic mitochondria resulted in the inhibition of ATPase activity. These results indicate that mitochondrial ATPase in ischemic myocardium is activated by Ca++ ions and that ischemic reperfused myocardium may contain mitochondria with uncontrolled ATPase activity such that high energy phosphate supplies are excessively depleted when the cells are reperfused. PMID- 6215984 TI - Transluminal coronary angioplasty complicated by coronary artery perforation. AB - Transluminal coronary angioplasty may be associated with complications resulting from the dilatation catheter and inflation of the balloon. The most common complications are dissection, occlusion, and coronary spasm. We report an unusual complication of coronary artery perforation by the dilatation catheter resulting in acute pericardial tamponade. The complication was immediately recognized and confirmed by dye injection and hemodynamic measurements. Pericardiocentesis was performed, followed by successful coronary bypass surgery. The reasons for the perforation are unclear. We postulate that the acute angle of the perforated vessel was an important factor for this complication. The importance of a standby cardiac surgeon and operating room is emphasized. PMID- 6215985 TI - The regulation of yeast mating-type chromatin structure by SIR: an action at a distance affecting both transcription and transposition. AB - The two yeast mating-type alleles MATa and MAT alpha each produce two mRNAs that are transcribed in opposite and diverging directions from central promoters. Silent copies of MATa (HMRa) and MAT alpha (HML alpha) contain identical DNA sequences throughout the transcribed region, yet are not transcribed, except in sir- strains. Since SIR represses not only transcription from a silent copy but also its ability to act as a recipient in a mating-type interconversion, we have investigated whether it might act by regulating the entire chromatin structure of a silent locus. We have therefore compared the profile of DNAase I and micrococcal nuclease cleavage at HML alpha with MAT alpha and HMRa with MATa in sir- and SIR+ strains. We find that SIR is necessary for the maintenance of a different chromatin structure at HM loci from their active counterparts at MAT. One particularly striking change that SIR induces provides a simple explanation for one of its biological properties: control of directionality of switching. SIR causes the disappearance of a DNAase I-hypersensitive site at Y-Z boundary (found at MAT or HM sir-) that is coincident with a double-strand cleavage possibly created by HO in the initiation of a mating-type switch. PMID- 6215986 TI - The phage lambda Q gene product: activity of a transcription antiterminator in vitro. AB - Phage lambda gene Q encodes a positive regulator of phage late gene expression. We show that purified Q gene protein functions as a transcription antiterminator in vitro. It acts at the terminator for lambda 6S RNA, a small constitutive transcript that precedes the late genes, thus opening transcription into the entire late gene region. It is active in a purified transcription system consisting otherwise of only RNA polymerase, L factor and DNA containing the region encoding the 6S RNA. Q protein thus acts directly on the transcription complex to alter its response to transcription terminators. PMID- 6215987 TI - Role of HLA-DR antigens in antibody production: monoclonal anti-HLA-DR antibodies differ in their ability to directly inhibit B-cell response. PMID- 6215988 TI - Mitogen-induced suppressor factor(s) from human lymphocytes: effects on lymphoid and nonlymphoid cells and biophysical properties. PMID- 6215989 TI - In vitro inhibition of the helper activity of GAT-specific T-cell lines by a syngeneic anti-idiotypic serum: preferential effect on the IgG response. PMID- 6215990 TI - Regulation of humoral immune responses by a bone marrow-derived glycolipid-like molecule. PMID- 6215991 TI - [Rabies vaccine in Czechoslovakia. I. Hempt's vaccine and its modification]. PMID- 6215992 TI - [Rubella screening and directed vaccination of 14-year-old girls with live rubella vaccine RA 27/3 in the Liberec district]. PMID- 6215993 TI - [Effect of protein stabilizer on Arbovirus Hemagglutination]. PMID- 6215994 TI - [Additional findings in intestinal coccidial infections in man]. PMID- 6215995 TI - [Determination of the human T and B lymphocyte population using immunofluorescence and cytotoxicity tests with monoclonal antibodies]. PMID- 6215996 TI - [Incidence of congenital toxoplasmosis in the Czech population]. PMID- 6215997 TI - [Study of the dynamics of experimental contact hypersensitivity using immunological tests]. PMID- 6215998 TI - [Insecticide aerosols for residual treatment of walls against mosquitoes]. PMID- 6215999 TI - [Pseudomonas infections. Review]. PMID- 6216001 TI - [Spectinomycin in the treatment of gonorrhea]. PMID- 6216000 TI - [Initial experiences in the treatment of skin diseases using dialysis and plasmapheresis. A new therapy of severe skin diseases]. PMID- 6216002 TI - [Chronic disease and disability in children]. PMID- 6216003 TI - [Isolation and purification of lactoperoxidase and its application to the radio iodination of IgG]. PMID- 6216005 TI - [Studies on hemodynamic changes in 110 patients with pulmonary hypertension]. PMID- 6216004 TI - [Community control of cardiovascular diseases in Beijing]. PMID- 6216006 TI - [Comparison of pyquiton (biltricied) with hexa-chloro-p-xylol in the treatment of Clonorchis sinensis infection]. PMID- 6216007 TI - [Establishment of monkey model of Plasmodium cynomolgi-Anopheles stephensi system and its use for tissue shizontocide test]. PMID- 6216009 TI - [Condition for selection of cochlea implant patients]. PMID- 6216010 TI - [Clinical application of PVP-iodine--a local antiseptic for CVC in TPN treatment]. PMID- 6216011 TI - [Propagation and characterization of the etiologic agent of epidemic hemorrhagic fever in cultured A-549 cells]. PMID- 6216008 TI - [Effect of gossypol on potassium excretion of male rats]. PMID- 6216012 TI - [Studies on mechanism of inhibition of harringtonine on DNA synthesis. III. Relationship between inhibition of harringtonine on DNA and protein synthesis]. PMID- 6216013 TI - [Studies on spermatozoa membrane proteins. III. Localization and esterolytic activity of rabbit spermatozoa membrane protein "A"]. PMID- 6216014 TI - [Studies on coagulation and fibrinolysis. II. Coagulodynamicogram and its applications]. PMID- 6216015 TI - [Improvement of studies on total synthesis of anisodine]. PMID- 6216016 TI - [Studies on plasmid in chuangxinmycin producing strain. I. Separation and identification of plasmid AJP1]. PMID- 6216017 TI - Family planning and the handicapped. PMID- 6216019 TI - Utilization of the Family Fund. PMID- 6216018 TI - Some family problems associated with the presence of a child with handicap in Nigeria. AB - The problems presented in 53 families by the presence of handicapped children arising from cerebral palsy, poliomyelitis, Erb's palsy, talipes, arthrogryposis multiplex congenita and trauma, were studied in Benin City, Nigeria. Among other things, most fathers were found to be indifferent to their handicapped children and there was a highly significant difference in attitude between educated and enlightened fathers of handicapped children, and their barely educated counterparts. A statistically significant proportion of handicapped children were prevented from going to school because of their disabilities and in half of the families studied, occasional squabbles arose because of the presence of a handicapped child. It is suggested that Nigeria and similar developing countries should lay emphasis on health education in their on-going primary health care schemes. PMID- 6216021 TI - "Myocyte growth without physiological impairment in gradually induced rat cardiac hypertrophy". PMID- 6216020 TI - Ca++ distribution after Na+ pump inhibition in cultured neonatal rat myocardial cells. AB - The influence of inhibition of the Na+ pump, with secondary stimulation of Na+ Ca++ exchange, on cellular Ca++ distribution is examined using the on-line scintillation disk technique and cultured neonatal rat myocardial cells. Under control conditions, La+++ displaced 78.1 +/- 1.13% (SEM) of the total cell associated 45Ca. Application of 1 mm ouabain or reduction of [K+]o to 0.5 mM resulted in a net increase of 10.6 +/- 1.3% and 13.8 +/- 2%, respectively, in total cell-associated Ca++. Of this added 45Ca, 75.9 +/- 2.7% and 78.4 +/- 2.1%, respectively remained La+++-displaceable. The 45Ca-binding characteristics of isolated sarcolemma, prepared from the cultured neonatal rat myocardial cells using the gas dissection technique, were examined. When treated with either ouabain or low [K+]o solutions, sarcolemmal 45Ca binding did not change. This result indicates that functional, intact tissue is necessary to observe the Ca++ increase. Treatment of the cells with verapamil before and during ouabain exposure failed to inhibit the ouabain-induced increase in cell-associated 45Ca. The evidence indicates that inhibition of the Na+-pump, and secondary stimulation of Na+-Ca++ exchange, result in a net increase of 11-15% in cell-associated Ca++, 78% of which remains La+++-displaceable and is, therefore, localized to the sarcolemma-glycocalyx complex. PMID- 6216022 TI - Myocyte hypertrophy in neonatal rat heart cultures and its regulation by serum and by catecholamines. AB - The role of hormones and other humoral factors in the regulation of myocardial hypertrophy has been difficult to evaluate. We asked whether myocardial cell hypertrophy could be demonstrated in cultures from the day-old rat ventricle and evaluated the effect of serum concentration and catecholamines on the growth process. Two single-cell preparations were used: serum-supplemented, bromodeoxyuridine-treated cultures and serum-free cultures with transferrin and insulin. Both preparations were characterized by myocardial cell predominance (about 75--80% of total cells) and constant cell numbers. Myocardial cell size was documented by photomicroscopy and quantified by volume (microscopic diameter of suspended cells), surface area (planimetry of attached cells), and total cell protein concentration (Lowry method and cell counts). Growth was also evaluated in pure nonmyocardial cell cultures. In cultures with 5% (vol/vol) serum, myocardial cell size increased 2- to 3-fold over 11 days in culture. Final volume, surface area, and protein concentration were about 3000 micrometer3/cell, 5000 micrometer2/cell, and 1500 pg/cell, respectively. Serum had a dose-related effect on myocardial cell hypertrophy; myocardial cell size increased about 4 fold when serum concentration was increased from 0% to 5% or 10%. Cells maintained in serum-free medium with transferrin and insulin (each 10 microgram/ml) did not hypertrophy, but did remain responsive to the growth promoting activity of serum. Chronic exposure to isoproterenol or norepinephrine (1 microM) significantly stimulated myocardial cell hypertrophy. This stimulation was dose-related, was not blocked by equimolar propranolol, was not associated with a sustained chronotropic effect, and was more pronounced in the serum-free preparation. In pure cultures of nonproliferating (bromodeoxyuridine-treated) nonmyocardial cells, cell size also increased with time in culture, but variation in serum concentration and addition of norepinephrine had no significant effect on cell size. Myocardial cell hypertrophy occurs in culture and is regulated by variations in the culture medium, including serum, with its contained hormones and growth factors, and catecholamines. The culture preparation can be used to explore the regulation of myocardial cell hypertrophy by nonhemodynamic factors. PMID- 6216024 TI - Improved left ventricular diastolic filling in patients with coronary artery disease after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. AB - Left ventricular (LV) diastolic filling is abnormal at rest in many patients with coronary artery disease (CAD), even in the presence of normal resting LV systolic function. To determine the effects of improved myocardial perfusion on impaired. LV diastolic filling, we studied 25 patients with one-vessel CAD by high-temporal resolution radionuclide angiography before and after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA). No patient had ECG evidence of previous myocardial infarction. Despite normal regional and global LV systolic function at rest in all patents, LV diastolic filling was abnormal (peak LV filling rate [PFR] less than 2.5 end-diastolic volumes (EDV)/sec or time to PFR greater than 180 msec) in 17 of 25 patients. Twenty-three patients had abnormal LV systolic function during exercise. After successful PTCA, LV ejection fraction and heart rate at rest were unchanged, but LV ejection fraction during exercise increased, from 52 +/- 8% (+/ SD) to 63 +/- 5% (p less than 0.001). LV diastolic filling at rest improved: PFR increased from 2.3 +/- 0.6 to 2.8 +/- 0.5 EDV/sec (p less than 0.001) and time to PFR decreased from 181 +/- 22 to 160 +/- 18 msec (p less than 0.001). Thus, a reduction in exercise-induced LV systolic dysfunction after PTCA, reflecting a reduction in reversible ischemia, was associated with improved LV diastolic filling at rest. These data suggest that in many CAD patients with normal resting LV systolic function and without previous infarction, abnormalities of resting LV diastolic filling are not fixed, but appear to be reversible manifestations of impaired coronary flow. PMID- 6216025 TI - Transcutaneous angioplasty of experimental aortic coarctation. AB - A dilatable form of juxtaductal aortic coarctation was surgically created in 29 newborn lambs. Of the 17 long-term survivors, four lambs served as controls and 13 underwent transcutaneous balloon dilation angioplasty with either polyvinylchloride or polyethylene catheters after 7--10 weeks of recovery. During growth before dilation, there was little change in the systolic gradient across the coarctation (36.6-35.3 mm Hg) despite an increase in animal weight from 3.8 to 19.3 kg. This systolic gradient remained constant in undilated lambs throughout a 6-month follow-up. Dilation produced an immediate 65% increase in the diameter of the coarctation and a 68% decrease in the systolic gradient across the coarctation site. Successful dilation required very high (6--8 atmospheres) dilating pressures. This gradient relief persisted throughout a follow-up of up to 1 year. Although no late sequelae could be attributed to the angioplasty, one lamb suffered an anterior aortic tear (associated with a difficult postdilation wire passage across the dilation site), which resulted in fatal intrathoracic hemorrhage. Cross pathologic inspection demonstrated intimal and medial tears in successfully dilated lambs in the first 3 days after dilation; on late pathologic examination, the intima appeared completely healed, without evidence of aneurysm or accelerated atheroma formation, within 2 months. These results, in conjunction with previous human in vitro studies, support the hypothesis that human aortic coarctation may be a dilatable lesion, although the safe limits and optimal protocols for dilating human coarctations are not known. PMID- 6216023 TI - Histochemical detection of specific isozymes of myosin in rat ventricular cells. AB - A histochemical method for distinguishing isozymes of myosin in rat ventricles has been developed. The procedure involves preincubation in pH 10.5, which inhibits Ca-activated ATPase of the V3 isozyme but not the V1 isozyme of myosin. The specificity of the technique has been demonstrated by comparison of results in hearts from young euthyroid and hypothyroid rats, in which the predominant isozymes are, respectively, V1 and V3. The technique is capable of detecting as small a change in the relative amount of V1 as 15% of the total myosin. Isoenzymes appear to be uniformly distributed within each ventricular cell. There is only a small difference in the content of V1 among the cells in a ventricular chamber of hearts from young euthyroid and hypothyroid rats, but in the period of rapid transition of isozyme content after thyroidectomy, there is considerable heterogeneity of V1 concentration among the cells. The functional implications of the mixture of isozymes is discussed. PMID- 6216026 TI - Platelet deposition on Dacron aortic bifurcation grafts in man: quantitation with indium-111 platelet imaging. PMID- 6216028 TI - Acute coronary artery occlusion during percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty: reopening by intracoronary streptokinase before emergency coronary artery surgery to prevent myocardial infarction. AB - Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) was complicated by acute coronary artery occlusion associated with ST elevation and severe chest pain in three patients. Within 10 minutes, the occluded artery was reopened by an intracoronary (i.c.) infusion of streptokinase, resulting in the disappearance of chest pain and normalization of ST segments. To keep the artery patent, i.c. streptokinase had to be continued until emergency bypass surgery was performed. In two patients, no myocardial infarction occurred, as shown by a normal postoperative left ventricular angiogram. ECG and thallium-201 scintigram. In the other patient, who was admitted with an inferior infarction and underwent PTCA after i.c. lysis, no infarct extension was observed. These results show that i.c. streptokinase rapidly opens an acute coronary artery occlusion complicating PTCA, preventing myocardial infarction. PMID- 6216027 TI - Effects of propranolol therapy on platelet release and prostaglandin generation in patients with coronary heart disease. AB - Suppression of platelet function is thought to be a mechanism of propranolol's beneficial action in angina pectoris. To study the effects of propranolol on platelets, we measured plasma beta thromboglobulin and plasma thromboxane B2 (TXB2, stable metabolite of TXA2) levels by radioimmunoassay as indexes of platelet alpha-granule and TXA2 release, respectively. Platelet TXA2 generation in vitro in response to arachidonate and thrombin was also quantitated. Twenty nine patients with coronary disease -- 15 not taking propranolol (group A) and 14 taking propranolol (group B) -- and 15 normal subjects were studied. Plasma beta thromboglobulin levels were increased in group A and B patients (mean 63 +/- 8 and 96 +/- 14 ng/ml, respectively) compared with normal subjects (mean 46 +/- 6 ng/ml). Plasma TXB2 levels were similar in group A and B patients and in normal subjects (mean 148 +/- 41, 149 +/- 36 and 216 +/- 39 pg/ml). Arachidonate-induced platelet TXA2 generation was significantly higher in group A patients than in normal subjects (725 +/- 393 vs 82 +/- 25 pg TXB2/10(8) platelets, p less than 0.001). In contrast, platelets from group B patients had very low TXA2 generation (mean 21 +/- 18 pg) compared with platelets from group A patients or normal subjects (p less than 0.001). Similar results were obtained using thrombin. These data show that propranolol therapy does not affect platelet-released beta thromboglobulin or TXA2 at rest, but significantly reduces the capability of platelets to generate TXA2 in vitro. Reduction in platelet TXA2 generation may be an important mechanism of action of propranolol in patients with coronary artery disease. PMID- 6216029 TI - Calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis: an easy way to detect an imbalance between promoting and inhibiting factors. AB - Calcium oxalate stone formation depends on both urine oversaturation with calcium oxalate--which in turn depends mainly on oxalate excretion--and the excretion of inhibitors; the possibility that a ratio of these variables might differentiate stone-formers from stone-free subjects was explored, 24-h urine samples from 20 control subjects and 53 idiopathic calcium oxalate stone-formers receiving a standard diet were studied. A further group of 2-h urine samples (from 7 to 9 a.m.). collected after a overnight fast from 16 non-stone and 24 stone-forming persons on a normal diet, were also examined. The ratio 'oxalate/citrate X acid mucopolysaccharides; (Ox/Cit X AMPs) seems capable of differentiating more than 80% of stone-formers from non-stone-formers using both 24- and 2-h urine collection. PMID- 6216030 TI - Impaired degradation of keratan sulfate in GM1-gangliosidosis. PMID- 6216031 TI - A role for insoluble antibody-antigen complexes in glomerulonephritis? PMID- 6216032 TI - Angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy with cholestasis and intravascular coagulation. PMID- 6216033 TI - Extraskeletal and intraskeletal new bone formation induced by demineralized bone matrix combined with bone marrow cells. AB - Dilutions of fresh autogenous bone marrow cells in combination with allogeneic demineralized cortical bone matrix were tested extraskeletally in rats using roentgenographic, histologic, and 45Ca techniques. Suspensions of bone marrow cells (especially diluted 1:2 with culture media) combined with demineralized cortical bone seemed to induce significantly more new bone than did demineralized bone, bone marrow, or composite grafts with whole bone marrow, respectively. In a short-term spinal fusion experiment, demineralized cortical bone combined with fresh bone marrow produced new bone and bridged the interspace between the spinous processes faster than other transplantation procedures. The induction of undifferentiated host cells by demineralized bone matrix is further complemented by addition of autogenous, especially slightly diluted, bone marrow cells. PMID- 6216035 TI - Tc-99m medronate scintigraphy in mandibular condylar hyperplasia. PMID- 6216034 TI - Radionuclide findings of pyomyositis. PMID- 6216036 TI - Abnormal Tc-99m MDP renal images associated with myoglobinuria. PMID- 6216037 TI - Photopenic area in Tc-99m MDP bone scan. PMID- 6216038 TI - Rectus sheath haematomas simulating pelvic pathology: the ultrasound appearances. PMID- 6216039 TI - [Fenoterol in the treatment of bronchial obstruction in chronic asthmatiform bronchitis]. PMID- 6216040 TI - [Effects of cod liver oil on platelet aggregation and lipid parameters]. PMID- 6216042 TI - Respiratory disorders associated with sleep. PMID- 6216041 TI - Cutaneous reactions to rheumatological drugs. PMID- 6216043 TI - The case for an integrated incontinence service for disabled children. PMID- 6216045 TI - Low humidity occupational dermatosis - an epidemic. PMID- 6216044 TI - Demonstration of radiation nephritis by computed tomography. PMID- 6216046 TI - Chromate dermatitis and sodium dithionite. PMID- 6216047 TI - Patch test results in 66 hairdressers 1973--81. PMID- 6216048 TI - The role of cadmium as a skin sensitizing agent in denture and non-denture wearers. AB - Positive patch test reactions to cadmium were observed in 8 out of 21 denture wearing persons with burning mouth sensations during 1979 and 1980, and in 13 of 125 consecutive outpatients being routine tested at the Dermatological Department in late 1980 and early 1981. Retesting 17 of these patients after at least 3 months delay with 2.0% cadmium chloride and 2% cadmium sulphate in water showed only 7 with a definite positive reaction. At serial dilution of cadmium sulphate, only 1 person reacted to a 1% aqueous solution. An exposure to cadmium could in 1 case be traced back to a 2-year period of work in a PVC plant, while in the remaining 6 cases the most probable exposure factor seemed to be chronic heavy cigarette smoking. The observations did not lend support to the pink acrylic denture base material being a relevant cadmium exposure factor. PMID- 6216049 TI - Erythema multiforme exudativum linked to the manufacture of printed circuit boards. PMID- 6216050 TI - Benzoyl peroxide reactions in an acne study group. AB - Benzoyl peroxide patch testing was performed on 60 young adults who had participated in a double-blind acne study. 25% of those who had used a benzoyl peroxide product showed reactivity of +1 or greater (on a 0--3 scale). None of these individuals demonstrated symptoms suggestive of irritancy or allergy greater than those who did not have positive patch tests and who were on the same treatment program. The positive patch tests did not correlate with acne treatment responses. 2 of 44 individuals in the acne study group developed clinical allergy and had dramatically positive patch tests, while the majority of individuals with positive patch tests could use products containing benzoyl peroxide daily without significant adverse effects. PMID- 6216051 TI - Course of hand dermatitis in hospital workers. AB - The occurrence and course of hand dermatitis in hospital workers was studied on the basis of the patient register of an occupational specialist and by a clinical follow-up study. About 1% of all the hospital workers had had dermatitis, cleaners, kitchen workers and nurses most frequently. 54% of the patients who were clinically studied had suffered from periodic symptoms and 35% had current hand dermatitis. Those who had previous or present atopic dermatitis had most frequently developed dermatitis during the first year of their service. An atopic constitution seemed to predispose to the development of permanent or periodic hand dermatitis. The patients with sensitivity to nickel or fragrances had relapses in the majority of cases. During the study period, the incidence of new dermatitis cases was constant, but the number of days sick leave showed a decreasing tendency. PMID- 6216052 TI - Contact urticaria to formaldehyde. PMID- 6216053 TI - Contact dermatitis to benzoyl peroxide. PMID- 6216054 TI - Simultaneous hypersensitivity to 3 topical corticosteroids. PMID- 6216056 TI - Secretan's syndrome: an artefact oedema of the hand. PMID- 6216055 TI - A case of contact sensitivity to aluminium. PMID- 6216057 TI - Contact allergy to benzyl alcohol and isopropyl palmitate, ingredients of topical corticosteroid. PMID- 6216058 TI - Allergic contact dermatitis from idoxuridine. PMID- 6216059 TI - Immediate and delayed sensitization to garlic. PMID- 6216060 TI - Patterns of occupational skin disease: experience of a university clinic. PMID- 6216061 TI - Proceedings of the First International Symposium on Connective Tissue Matrix Macromolecules. Jerusalem, Israel, August 20-22, 1980. PMID- 6216062 TI - The immunology of proteoglycans. PMID- 6216064 TI - Collagen fibrillogenesis. PMID- 6216063 TI - Somatomedins as regulators of proteoglycan synthesis. PMID- 6216065 TI - Structure and assembly of the native collagen fibril. AB - Assembly in vitro of the native collagen fibril is a multistep process involving an initial intermediate of unknown structure, linear growth of thin filaments, lateral growth to form the fibril, and stabilization by covalent crosslinks. A model for the structure of the fibril is proposed consisting of a substructure of five-stranded microfibrils laterally compressed to place molecules in cross section on a near-hexagonal lattice. PMID- 6216066 TI - Changes in the distribution of collagen types during embryonic development. PMID- 6216068 TI - Relationship between amino acid sequence and higher structures of collagen. PMID- 6216067 TI - Structure and function of the amino terminal propeptide of type I and III collagen. PMID- 6216069 TI - Interactions between connective tissue matrix macromolecules. PMID- 6216070 TI - Elastin: biosynthesis, structure, degradation and role in disease processes. PMID- 6216071 TI - Developmental role of hyaluronate. PMID- 6216072 TI - Placental sulfatase deficiency. Biochemical and clinical aspects. PMID- 6216073 TI - Systolic hypertension. PMID- 6216074 TI - Effectiveness of cefoperazone in treating cutaneous infections. AB - Twenty-eight patients with severe cutaneous infections received cefoperazone, 2 grams intramuscularly twice a day for seven days. A wide range of gram-positive and gram-negative pathogens were isolated from admission cultures. All patients showed rapid clinical improvement. Two patients did not complete the full course of therapy because of intervening medical problems unrelated to the antibiotic. No significant side effects were noted. Relapses or reinfections occurred in two patients. In conclusions, cefoperazone is a safe and effective antibiotic for use in skin infections requiring parenteral therapy. PMID- 6216075 TI - Low back trouble in a general population of 30-, 40-, 50-, and 60-year-old men and women. Study design, representativeness and basic results. PMID- 6216076 TI - Pharmacokinetics of mezlocillin in patients with kidney impairment: special reference to hemodialysis and dosage adjustments in relation to renal function. AB - The pharmacokinetics of Mezlocillin were determined after the intramuscular injection of a single 1-gram dose in 10 subjects with normal renal function, in 10 patients with stabilized renal impairment and in 5 patients with end-stage renal disease submitted to repeated hemodialysis. In normal subjects, biological half-life, Tb1/2, was equal to 0.9 h; total clearance (Ct) to 449 ml/min/1.73 m2; renal clearance (Cr) to 263 ml/min/1.73 m2.72.2% of the administered dose was excreted in the urine within 12 h. In patients with renal insufficiency and in patients undergoing long-term hemodialysis, the serum concentration decrease was markedly slower. During a 6-hour dialysis session, 62% of the Mezlocillin present in the central compartment at the start of hemodialysis was removed. In the 25 subjects under study, a significant correlation was found between the values of Ke and those of creatinine clearance, Ccr (Ke = 0.1973+0.0046 Ccr). This relation was used to calculate the loading doses, the maintenance doses and the dosage intervals adjusted to the degree of renal impairment, allowing assessment of useful dosage recommendations. PMID- 6216077 TI - Human antifertility effect of gossypol cytologic observation of semen. PMID- 6216078 TI - [Critical evaluation of the surgical treatment of 600 lumbosciatica cases. Diagnostic and therapeutic trends]. PMID- 6216079 TI - [Ischemic complications of transluminal angioplasty]. PMID- 6216081 TI - T cell recognition and interaction in the immune system. AB - This paper discusses mechanisms of regulation within the immune system. The only cells known to be specialized for regulatory activity within this system are helper and suppressor T cells. Like other T cells, most of these cells recognize antigen only in association with products of the major histocompatibility complex. This is a mechanism which ensures that these cells function appropriately, by being activated by and exerting their effects upon their proper cellular targets. It is likely but not certain that this mechanism of dual recognition is involved in the acquisition of self tolerance, and that inappropriate associations may be a factor in the induction of autoimmunity. There is extensive but circumstantial evidence that regulatory T cells govern to a large extent not only the induction but also the course (relapse and remission) of autoimmunity. An understanding of the mechanisms involved in activating suppressor T cells is of special importance for the treatment and prevention of autoimmune disease. A variety of factors which favour activation of suppression have been identified in experimental studies. These include the nature of the antigen, the way in which it reaches the immune system, antigenic dosage, and the involvement of antigen-presenting cells. It is proposed that certain cells within the suppressor cell circuit (suppressor-effector cells) do not operate dual recognition, and that this may explain the factors which favour suppression. The high incidence of sex-linked immunodeficiency diseases is discussed. It is proposed that this can be accounted for, at least in part, by the preferential elimination of autosomal deleterious genes in the heterozygotes. This emphasizes the importance of measuring the fitness of carriers of these diseases. PMID- 6216080 TI - The immunological basis of autoimmune disease. AB - Organ-specific diseases often involve cell surface antigens which when functionally characterized prove to have some receptor function. Certain restricted parts of the molecule are autoantigenic but the response to these epitopes is similar to that provoked by foreign antigens with respect to diversity of class, clonality and probably idiotypy. The mechanisms controlling the response to components on the surface of the body's cells are not fully understood but might be circumvented by polyclonal activators or by the development of T suppressor dysfunction. The latter could occur through a generalized defect in T suppressor cells, which would account for the association of autoimmune diseases in given individual subjects. Alternatively, or in addition (since genetic studies suggest multifactorial influences), the suppressor defect could be antigen specific. Our studies in chickens with spontaneous autoimmune thyroiditis show that normal antigen is obligatory for both the development and maintenance of autoantibody production and that it is possible that some abnormality or change in the presentation of the autoantigen (rather than its structure) is concerned in the initiation process. PMID- 6216082 TI - The effect of some beta-lactam antibiotics on Escherichia coli studied by flow cytometry. AB - The effects of three beta-lactam antibiotics on Escherichia coli were studied by means of flow cytometry. Since these agents block bacterial cell wall synthesis in such manner as to prevent septal formation without appreciably affecting nucleic acid synthesis, the resulting cell elongation caused by these agents can be assessed by nucleic acid fluorescent staining. It was shown by this technique that the somatic effects of cefazolin, cefamandole and moxalactam were related both to the antibiotic concentration and time of exposure to the drugs and were observable within 30 minutes of the initial exposure of the cultures to these agents. These results demonstrate that fluorescent cytometry can provide accurate assessment of the effects of compounds that inhibit cell wall formation. This technology could be a useful tool for comparing antibiotic somatic effects on bacteria and for rapidly and reliably determining their sensitivity and resistance to these agents. PMID- 6216083 TI - Rapid, one step staining procedures for analysis of cellular DNA and protein by single and dual laser flow cytometry. AB - Detailed, simplified techniques are described for simultaneous staining and analysis of DNA and protein in a number of mammalian cell types. Cell staining involves the addition of appropriate dye mixtures to unfixed or ethanol-fixed cells and subsequent analysis of cell populations in the staining reagents generally within 10 to 20 minutes. The approach is novel in that no centrifugation steps are involved during the staining procedure, thus, eliminating cell clumping and cell loss and making the procedures appropriate for samples containing limited numbers of cells. For single wavelength analysis, staining of DNA and protein in ethanol-fixed cells was accomplished with a dye solution containing propidium iodide, fluorescein isothiocyanate and RNase. After 20 minutes at room temperature cells were analyzed using the 488 nanometer (nm) laser excitation line. For dual laser analysis the following dye combinations were employed without RNase: mithramycin-rhodamine 640, mithramycin-substituted rhodamine isothiocyanate, Hoechst 33342-rhodamine 640 and Hoechst 33342-rhodamine isothiocyanate. Unfixed cells were also stained with the Hoechst 33342-rhodamine 640 dye combination. Mithramycin was excited at 457.9 nm, Hoechst 33342 at 333 363 nm, and the rhodamine dyes at 568 nm. Cell types analyzed included Chinese hamster ovary cells, cultured mouse colon 26 cells, mouse embryo forelimb bud cells, and rat cell samples obtained by lung lavage. PMID- 6216084 TI - The prune belly syndrome--a possible pathogenesis. AB - Several pathogenetic mechanisms have been suggested to explain the syndrome of deficiency of anterior abdominal muscles and genitourinary abnormalities which is usually seen in males. We have recently seen four such cases, two males and two females, all of which showed obstruction of the lower urinary tract, with dilatation proximally. We wish to suggest that the atrophy of abdominal muscles occurs following venous infarction, due to gross over-distension of the abdomen. PMID- 6216085 TI - Newborn respiratory paralysis for severe respiratory distress: a nursing protocol. PMID- 6216086 TI - [Bone marrow suppressors of MIF production in tumor growth]. PMID- 6216087 TI - [Globular structure of repressor cro of bacteriophage lambda in solution]. PMID- 6216088 TI - Droperidol treatment of streptozotocin-induced nausea and vomiting. PMID- 6216089 TI - [Colophony allergy. A contribution to the origin, chemistry, and uses of colophony and modified colophony products, 1]. AB - Colophony (rosin) derives from pine resin, tall oil and stump extractives. It is used as is or in chemically modified forms: hydrogenated, disproportionated, esterified, polymerized, as salt or reacted with maleic anhydride or formaldehyde. One of the largest single uses is in the sizing of paper and paperboard. There are hundreds of opportunities for a person to become exposed to colophony and modified products and thus sensitized to it, for example by contact with adhesive tapes, soaps, coating of price labels, eye shadow, periodontal and surgical dressings, furniture polish, glues, musician's rosin, printing inks, printing paper surfaces (newspapers), rubber, plastics etc. The main sensitising components seem to be abietic acid and Abitol (a mixture of different hydroabietyl alcohols). Dermatitis has been described in more than 60 articles; epidemiological studies demonstrate an increasing number of cases since 1980. As wood rosin has been replaced in recent years more and more by tall oil rosin, which is different in its composition, it is recommended to remove the colophony of the standard series (which is derived from pine gum) and to replace it by a mixture of pine, tall oil and stump rosin to diminish the number of probably missed allergic reactions. PMID- 6216090 TI - [Pyodermia in the metal working industry]. AB - It has been possible to identify pyogenic organisms in the corrosion inhibiting oils of tubes, resulting in pyodermia. Degreasing media with heavy alkaline reaction may result in still further diseases of the skin. The problem can be solved by using tubes not protected against corrosion. A list has been compiled showing pathogenic agents which can be isolated from oils. Under certain conditions cutting oil may prove to be a pool of pathogenic agents. PMID- 6216091 TI - [Contact urticaria due to rubber gloves]. AB - Two patients had a case history suggesting contact urticaria to rubber gloves. This was confirmed by an open patch test which produced a wheal and flare reaction. As the gloves consisted of natural latex, scratch testing with natural latex, provided by the manufacturer, was also carried out. The scratch test produced a wheal and flare reaction, whereas scratch tests with natural latex in 20 control subjects produced no reaction. PMID- 6216092 TI - [Work-related contact and photocontact allergy in a farmer caused by chlorpromazine]. AB - A farmer specialized in pig-breeding showed acute dermatitis of his hands, forearms and face after using chloropromazine for the sedation of pigs. Epicutaneous and photo-patch tests showed positive reactions to chloropromazine. Further tests with other occupational materials were negative. This observation points out that in cases of contact dermatitis in farmers, besides antibiotics, vitamins and other feeding additives, sedatives of the phenothiazin-type should not be forgotten. PMID- 6216093 TI - [Mezlocillin versus cefuroxime in urinary tract infections. A multicenter clinical study]. AB - In a multicenter randomised clinical comparative study 96 urological patients with established urinary tract infection were treated in 50% with 2 g mezlocillin three times and in 50% with 1.5 g cefuroxime three times. Both antibiotics were shown to be antibacterially active substances with a high bacterial elimination rate. Three days after cessation of treatment the urine was sterile in 79 cases. Follow-up investigations 1-2 weeks later showed that the number of recurrences and reinfections was higher in the cefuroxime group than in the mezlocillin group. This difference is statistically significant so that mezlocillin can be considered the more effective antibiotic. Clinical and urine cytological results correlated with bacteriological results. Side effects were observed rarely, and toxic effects not at all. PMID- 6216095 TI - The Huntington's chorea register of Tanzania. PMID- 6216094 TI - [Psychosocial problems caused by severe growth retardation and physical handicap]. PMID- 6216096 TI - [Pharmacological analysis of mediator interactions in the nucleus accumbens during the training of rats]. PMID- 6216097 TI - Rapid regression of fetal adrenal zone and absence of adrenal reticular zone in the marmoset. AB - Developmental changes in plasma dehydropiandrosterone (DHA) and in adrenal histology were studied in several marmoset species (Callithrix jacchus and Saguinus labiatus, nigricollis, and fuscicollis) to evaluate these primates as experimental models for the study of fetal adrenal zone regression. Newborn marmosets had a prominent fetal adrenal zone, plasma DHA levels above 1000 ng/dl, and plasma DHA sulfate (DHAS) levels of 140 micrograms/dl. The fetal zone regressed dramatically during the first week of life, paralleled by a marked decline in plasma DHA, the plasma DHA to cortisol ratio, and plasma DHAS. The adult marmoset, however, had no adrenal reticular zone and no evidence of adrenal DHA secretion; DHA levels in castrate adults were undetectable (less than 25 ng/dl). Thus, the marmoset represents the first example of a primate that has a regressing, DHA- and DHAS-secreting fetal adrenal zone but that does not subsequently develop a DHA-secreting adrenal reticular zone. PMID- 6216098 TI - Laparoscopic findings of the liver in the diagnosis of primary biliary cirrhosis: "reddish patch", a laparoscopic feature in the asymptomatic stage. AB - The laparoscopic findings of the livers of 12 patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC), including six asymptomatic and six symptomatic cases, were investigated. On the liver surface of asymptomatic PBC, we found a laparoscopic appearance, consisting of reddish patches of irregular shape, ranging from 0.5 to 3 cm in diameter, and not evenly distributed. Five of six cases of asymptomatic PBC had reddish patches in our series. From serial laparoscopic observations, the patches were found to lose some of their reddish tone and to develop protuberances with vaguely outlined white markings in each reddish areas. The protuberances and white markings are characteristic appearances of the liver surface in more advanced PBC cases. The transition of reddish patches to protuberances with white markings coincided with progression among histopathological stages in PBC classified by Scheuer. A histometrical examination showed that areas with reddish patches had less advanced changes of intrahepatic bile ducts. As a result, we propose that laparoscopic findings of the liver have a value in the diagnosis of PBC and "reddish patch" is considered a laparoscopic feature which has no been described in asymptomatic PBC. PMID- 6216099 TI - Laparoscopy, ovarian and endometrial biopsies in secondary amenorrhea. AB - A series of 114 patients complaining of secondary amenorrhea underwent laparoscopy and ovarian biopsy to evaluate ovarian function. Endometrial biopsy were performed on 81 patients. Smooth-inactive and polycystic-sclerocystic ovaries are the two more frequent gross ovarian findings. Normal ovarian histology was found in 61% of the series, Stein-Leventhal in 17% and ovarian fibrosis in 22%. Atrophic wrinkled ovaries should be biopsied to identify possible ovarian failure. Sclerocystic-polycystic, smooth-inactive, and normally active ovaries are not recommended for biopsy, since equally valuable information may be obtained from the gross ovarian appearance. Proliferative and atrophic endometrium are the two most frequent pathologic reports in secondary amenorrhea patients. Laparoscopic gross ovarian appearance, ovarian biopsy and endometrial biopsy should be considered as an alternative in the diagnostic management with secondary amenorrhea, when sophisticated laboratory assays are not readily available. PMID- 6216100 TI - Effect of naphthalene on respiration in heart mitochondria and intact cultured cells. PMID- 6216101 TI - Experimental suppression of tolerance to ozone and of cross-tolerance (NO2-O3) in rats by actinomycin D and colchicine. PMID- 6216102 TI - Study on mammal (rat) of the neuro-muscular synapse function under hyperbaric conditions (11 ata): effects of the curarization. AB - Under hyperbaric conditions (11 ata) obtained with normoxic O2-N2 mixtures spontaneous EMG activity disappears, as do reactions to noise, but this phenomenon is reversible after the substitution of Helium for Nitrogen in the mixture. Analysis of EMG responses to sciatic nerve excitation has revealed no difference between the EMG tracings recorded under normobaric pressure and those obtained under hyperbaric conditions (O2-N2 or O2-He, 11 ata), and hyperbaric conditions do not seem to interfere with neuro-muscular synaptic transmission. Furthermore, the effect of Pavulon (an antidepolarising, acetyl-cholino competitive curare-mimetic drug) is similar under normal and hyperbaric conditions: hyperbaria change neither the onset of neuro-muscular blockage nor its intensity or duration. The absence of a specific effect on synapse function of a change in the diluting gas from nitrogen to helium suggests that there was no change in post-synaptic receptor function. This result is not in accordance with the hypothesis that inert gas pressures of less than 10 ata modify molecular structures particularly at the neuro-muscular synapse level. PMID- 6216103 TI - On the function of the natural ATPase inhibitor protein in intact mitochondria. AB - The recently described methodology to extract the mitochondrial ATPase along with other mitochondrial proteins into organic solvents, and their subsequent incorporation into liposomes [Eur. J. Biochem. (1982) 121, 427-433] has been employed to estimate the number of ATPases that contain the natural ATPase inhibitor protein in its inhibitory site in intact mitochondria incubated in various metabolic states. It was found that in the presence of electrochemical gradients about 50% of the ATPases are without inhibitor protein in its inhibitory site (active ATPases). In the transition from state 4 to state 3 the percentage of active ATPases diminishes from about 50% to approximately 20%. This indicates that during steady-state phosphorylation only a limited number of ATPases are in the active catalytic state, and that not only during active hydrolysis does the inhibitor protein interact with its inhibiting site; rather the inhibitor seems to interact with an intermediate state of the enzyme that appears either during the synthetic or hydrolytic reactions. In addition it was found that ATP, with or without uncoupler, induces the interaction of the inhibitor protein in more than 80% the ATPases through an oligomycin-sensitive process. Thus, notwithstanding other factors the interaction may account for the low hydrolytic activity of mitochondria. PMID- 6216104 TI - On the mode of action of the bacteriocin butyricin 7423. Effects on membrane potential and potassium-ion accumulation in Clostridium pasteurianum. AB - 1. The apparent transmembrane bulk-phase electrical potential (delta psi) of Clostridium pasteurianum was determined from the distribution ratio of the membrane-permeable cation butyltriphenylphosphonium (BuPh3P+). In glycolysing cells the highest value of delta psi, calculated on the assumption that there was no energy-dependent binding of BuPh3P+ to the organisms, was recorded in media containing only 2-3 mM K+ ions and, even so, was only 100-110 mV. 2. Efrapeptin, a BF1-directed inhibitor of the membrane H+-ATPase of Cl. pasteurianum, abolished the membrane potential (delta psi) and caused complete efflux of actively transported K+ ions. Thus protonmotive hydrolysis of ATP generated by substrate level phosphorylation is the sole means of membrane energisation in this anaerobe. 3. At low (sublethal) concentrations, butyricin 7423 stimulated K+ efflux from Cl. pasteurianum without measurably affecting its membrane potential. At lethal and supralethal concentrations of this bacteriocin, both delta psi and active K+ uptake were abolished. 4. Whilst the addition of valinomycin to cells of Cl. pasteurianum suspended in media of low K+ concentration generated a diffusion potential to which BuPh3P+ would respond, addition of butyricin 7423 in place of valinomycin caused no such effect. Also, unlike valinomycin, butyricin 7423 did not increase the rate of K+ efflux from non-glycolysing cells of Cl. pasteurianum. Valinomycin stimulated, but butyricin 7423 inhibited, the uptake of 86Rb+ ions by glycolysing cells of Cl. pasteurianum. 5. A mutant strain of Cl. pasteurianum (viz. strain DC3) which possessed a H+-ATPase with diminished sensitivity both to N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide and to butyricin 7423, exhibited a negligible decrease in delta psi and in K+ accumulation ratio in response to concentrations of butyricin 7423 that were bactericidal to the wild type, parent organism. Even so, the bactericidal action of butyricin 7423 on Cl. pasteurianum is not adequately explained by its ability in vitro to inhibit the membrane H+-ATPase of this organism. 6. Bactericidal concentrations of butyricin 7423 neither provoked efflux of Na+ ions from Cl. pasteurianum nor exhibited any protonophorous activity. However, at artificially high concentration, butyricin 7423 catalysed the passage of Na+ ions as well as of K+ ions through multilayer lipid membranes. 7. As a non-protonophorous uncoupler, butyricin 7423 appears to act in a similar manner to that of the membrane-active colicins. Yet no evidence was obtained that butyricin 7423 at its minimum lethal concentration might form a gated ion channel in the cytoplasmic membrane of the target cell, or act as a classic ionophore. PMID- 6216105 TI - Turnover of adenosine triphosphatase from rat liver mitochondria. Effect of high protein and low-protein diets. AB - The half-life of mitochondrial adenosine triphosphatase and the relative rate constants of protein degradation for several fractions of rat liver have been measured by the double-isotope technique. It has been shown that the apparent turnover rates of some mitochondrial enzymes, far apart in size, such as carbamoyl phosphate synthetase, glutamate dehydrogenase and malate dehydrogenase, are not related to molecular weight or to size of subunits. In view of the possibility that mitochondrial proteins are degraded by different mechanisms, it was of interest to determine the half-life of a protein tightly bound to the inner membrane such as adenosine triphosphatase. The rate constants of degradation for rats fed a basal diet and injected at three-day intervals with isotopic leucine were: homogenate, kd = 0.195 days-1; mitochondria, kd = 0.135 days-1; cytosol, kd = 0.140 days-1; microsomes, kd = 0.28 days-1; ATPase, kd = 0.275 days-1. The rate constants of the cellular fractions of liver of rats fed a high protein diet did not change or showed a small increase, compared with those of animals fed the basal diet, while those from rats on the protein-free diet showed a decrease. The rate constant for adenosine triphosphatase showed an increase with high-protein and a decrease with protein-free diet. A procedure for the purification of ATPase from a single liver of a rat is described. PMID- 6216107 TI - (1,3)-beta-D-Glucan synthase from budding and filamentous cultures of the dimorphic fungus Candida albicans. AB - UDPglucose:(1,3)-beta-D-glucan 3-beta-D-glucosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.34) was obtained as a particulate fraction from cell-free extracts prepared after mechanical breakage of cells of a strain of the dimorphic fungus Candida albicans. The properties of this glucosyltransferase were investigated. Budding and filamentous cultures of C. albicans were grown after dilution of a stationary phase inoculum of yeast cells into fresh medium at 30 degrees C and 40 degrees C respectively and the specific activities of (1,3)-beta-D-glucan synthase, obtained from budding and filamentous cultures harvested during the first 3 h of their growth, were compared. 1. UDPglucose was the only glucosyl donor in the reaction (assayed by following the incorporation of radioactivity from UDP[14C]glucose into polymer) and the radioactive product was exclusively beta (1,3)-glucan. 2. Glycogen synthase activity was not detected. 3. (1,3)-beta-D Glucan synthase activity was enhanced by ATP and GTP. 4. A threefold increase in the specific activity of the glucosyltransferase was obtained when cell breakage, and subsequent steps in the preparation of the enzyme, were carried out in the presence of 25 microM GTP. A Km value for UDPglucose of 1.5-1.9 mM was obtained for the glucosyltransferase prepared in the presence or absence of GTP. 5. The glucosyltransferase reaction was not affected by ADPglucose, CDPglucose, GDPglucose or glucose 6-phosphate, but was competitively inhibited by TDPglucose. GDPglucose was not a glucosyl donor under the present conditions. 6. There was no evidence that the product was N-glycosidically linked to protein, since the reaction was neither enhanced in the presence of UDP-N-acetylglucosamine, nor inhibited by tunicamycin. 7. The specific activity of the glucosyltransferase from 3-h-old filamentous cultures was about 1.5-times higher than that from 3-h old budding cultures. 8. The specific activities of (1,3)-beta-D-glucan synthase prepared from budding and filamentous cultures of C. albicans during their first 90 min of growth were similar. PMID- 6216106 TI - High-affinity binding of ADP and of ADP analogues to mitochondrial F1-ATPase. AB - Nucleotide-depleted F1-ATPase was prepared from beef heart mitochondria. By use of fluorescence techniques and isotope binding analyses, we investigated the occupation of the high-affinity binding sites on F1 by ADP and the ADP analogues 3'-O-(1-naphthoyl)adenosine diphosphate (N-ADP) and 3'-O-[1-(5-dimethylamino) naphthoyl]adenosine diphosphate (DMAN-ADP). F1-ATPase was found to exhibit three binding sites for ADP (Kd = 50 nM for one site; Kd = 3 microM for the remaining two sites), two binding sites for N-ADP (Kd = 20 - 50 nM for both of the sites), and three binding sites for DMAN-ADP (Kd = 50 nM for all of the sites). Since the adenine nucleotides under consideration are bound to the same class of sites, the binding data can be explained best on the basis of the hypothesis that the binding process is anticooperative with ADP, whereas the analogues are able to overcome anticooperativity partially (N-ADP) or completely (DMAN-ADP). This binding model is consistent with the view that the exchangeable tight sites are involved directly in the catalytical process of ATP-synthesis in oxidative phosphorylation. PMID- 6216108 TI - The binding sites for large and small high-mobility-group (HMG) proteins. Studies on HMG-nucleosome interactions in vitro. AB - Studies in vitro of binding high-mobility-group (HMG) proteins to nucleosomal particles that differ in their DNA contents reflect several aspects pertinent to their function in vivo. Two molecules of HMG 14 or 17 are accommodated by particles with 140 or 180 base pairs of DNA whereas HMG 1 or 2 are only bound by the larger specimens irrespective of the presence of HMG 14/17. It is concluded that one molecule of HMG 1 or 2 binds to the 40 base pairs of linker DNA whereas the HMG 14 or 17 molecules associate with the nucleosomal core. At physiological ionic strength, HMG 14 binding is cooperative, probably by triggering a conformational change in the nucleosomal particle. The phenomenon has been studied by two independent techniques. Besides the common gel-electrophoretic system, a centrifugation assay is described, which permits the derivation of a Hill coefficient nH = 1.3 and dissociation constants in the range of 30-90 nM at 0.15 M NaCl, pH 6.8. PMID- 6216109 TI - "Cold spot" on bone scan at the site of primary osteosarcoma. AB - A 5-year-old girl presented with a rapidly growing osteosarcoma of the proximal right tibia. The radiographically osteoblastic lesions appeared as a "cold" on the 99mTc-MDP bone scan. Possible explanations for this unusual finding on the bone scan are discussed. PMID- 6216110 TI - Tumor-specific T helper activity can be abrogated by two distinct suppressor cell mechanisms. AB - Tumor-specific helper T cell activity was detected in the spleens of tumor bearing mice using a sensitive, simple and reproducible in vitro assay based on those previously described for soluble hapten-carrier antigens. Helper activity disappears when the tumor is large. This is coincident with the appearance of two distinct types of suppressor cells: (a) T cells which suppress tumor-specific T helper responses and (b) non-T cells which are nonspecific in their action. PMID- 6216111 TI - Inhibition of autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction by aggregated IgG molecules. AB - Human autologous and allogeneic mixed lymphocyte reactions (MLR) were studied using various T cell subsets as responding cells. T cells expressing Fc gamma receptor for IgG (TG) were weak responder while T cells with Fc mu receptor and T cells lacking Fc receptor responded vigorously in both types of MLR. Percoll separated T cells of low density (TL) enriched for TG cells were, however, excellent responders in autologous MLR, whereas T cells of high density (TH) were the major responders in allogeneic MLR. Continuous presence of or short-term pulse with aggregated IgG significantly reduced the autologous MLR of unfractionated T and TL cells while largely sparing proliferation in allogenic MLR. These findings are discussed with respect to diminished autologous MLR reactivity in certain autoimmune diseases. PMID- 6216112 TI - Genetic control of sensitivity to moloney leukemia virus in mice. VI. Involvement of virus-specific T helper cells collaborating with B cells. AB - T cell responses to Moloney virus involve cytolytic and helper lymphocytes. In contrast to specific cytolytic T lymphocytes, few studies have been devoted to the characteristics of helper T cells for antibody production. The present experiments describe an assay for Moloney virus-specific help for B cells using dinitrophenylated virus. This method, using the Moloney virus as a carrier in a hapten-carrier system, allows to definition of the specific helper function of antibody responses. T helper cells were induced in murine sarcoma virus or inactivated Moloney murine leukemia virus-primed spleens or lymph nodes. T helper function was due to Thy-1.2, Lyt-1+2- cells and was macrophage-dependent. It was stimulated by whole virus of Moloney gp71 envelope protein but not Moloney p30 internal protein. Cross-reactive stimuli were obtained with other dinitrophenylated type C viruses. High and low responses were correlated respectively with resistance and susceptibility to Moloney leukemia virus. Cultures of helper T cells with preserved activity have been established and maintained for one month. PMID- 6216113 TI - Control of primary IgM antibody responses to H-2 alloantigens by antigen-bearing live B lymphocytes. AB - Alloantigen-bearing (H-2d+) peripheral red blood cells, but not red cell-depleted H-2d+ spleen cells, induce primary IgM anti-H-2d plaque-forming cell responses. In this study it is reported that the primary antibody responses to H-2d+ peripheral red blood cells can be markedly suppressed by a subpopulation of H-2d+ spleen cells when they are injected simultaneously or a few days before injection of red blood cells. This suppression was antigen (H-2d)-specific, did not depend on T cells of either the donor or the recipient, and strictly required live donor cells. An energy-dependent action of the donor cell cortex and some proliferation of donor cells in the recipient seemed to be involved in the mechanism of suppression. The donor-suppressor cell type was largely present in the spleen but not in the bone marrow and thymus, and was present in the spleen of athymic nude mice. The suppressor cells displayed the properties of B lymphocytes: they adhered to the nylon wool but not to glass, were of relatively low density (rho less than 1.09), and were surface Ig+, Ia+, Fc receptor-positive but Thy-1-. H 2d+ suppressor-donor B lymphocytes might directly signal to antigen-specific recipient B cells competing with the signal provided by H-2d+ red blood cells for the B cell activation. PMID- 6216114 TI - Immunosuppression caused by antigen feeding. I. Evidence for the activation of a feedback suppressor pathway in the spleens of antigen-fed mice. AB - Sheep red blood cells (SRBC) administered by the oral route to normal mice elicited no detectable splenic anti-SRBC plaque-forming cell (PFC) response until 8 weeks of antigen feeding. At this time a splenic IgA anti-SRBC PFC response was detected. On the other hand, spleen cells taken from mice given oral SRBC for 1-5 weeks showed striking changes in their in vitro anti-SRBC responsiveness as compared to spleen cells from normal mice. This was evidenced by enhanced early (days 3-4) in vitro responses, followed by suppressed late (day 5-6) in vitro responses. Both early enhancement and late suppression were T cell-mediated. Early enhancement appeared to be mediated by helper T cells of the Lyt-1+2.3- phenotype. Late suppression was also mediated by Lyt-1+2.3- cells, but Lyt-2 bearing cells had to be present in culture for suppression to occur. Lyt-2 bearing cells could be replaced with normal T cells. Furthermore, elimination of cells bearing I-J-encoded determinants from the T cell population isolated from the spleens of antigen-fed mice also partially relieved suppression. Thus, antigen feeding appears to activate a feedback suppressor pathway in which Lyt 1+2.3-, I-J subregion determinant-bearing T cells can suppress immune responses by causing normal T cells to become suppressor effectors. No evidence was found to show that antigen feeding induced Lyt-1-2.3+ suppressor cells in the spleen, nor were any serum suppressor factors detected. PMID- 6216115 TI - The culture of chick embryo chondrocytes and the control of their differentiated functions in vitro. I. Characterization of the chondrocyte-specific phenotypes. AB - We have maintained chick embryo chondrocytes in culture for more than 2 months, passaging the floating cells in the absence of ascorbic acid. Throughout the culture period some of the cells attached to the dish, assuming an epithelial like morphology and subsequently giving rise to new floating cells. The interconversion of the two cell populations was highest in primaries and decreased with the aging of the culture. Cartilage cells synthesized pro-alpha 1 (II) collagen and sulphated proteoglycans in vitro; compared with floaters, the epithelial-like cells secreted relatively large amounts of fibronectin. When ascorbic acid was added to the medium, all cells attached, maintaining their rounded shape; in this condition the pro-alpha, (II) collagen was matured and collagen fibres were detectable outside the cells. Other specific proteins synthesized by the chondrocytes in culture were also identified. One of these, a 64 K collagenase-sensitive protein, was not related to the type II collagen and may represent a new collagen type. PMID- 6216116 TI - On the mechanism of nucleodisome splitting off by nucleases. PMID- 6216117 TI - Functional and immunological characterization of ATPase inhibitor proteins from heart, liver and yeast mitochondria. PMID- 6216118 TI - Nicotinamide inhibits adipocyte differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells. PMID- 6216120 TI - Subunit equivalence in Escherichia coli and bovine heart mitochondrial F1F0 ATPases. PMID- 6216119 TI - Identification of a labelled peptide after stoicheiometric reaction of fluorescein isothiocyanate with the Ca2+ -dependent adenosine triphosphatase of sarcoplasmic reticulum. AB - Incorporation of 4.5 nmol fluorescein isothiocyanate/mg rabbit sarcoplasmic reticulum, or of 7.4 nmol/mg purified ATPase, was sufficient to inhibit the activity completely. These results are not consistent with the suggestion (Pick, U. and Karlish, S.J.D. (1980) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 626, 255-261) that 2 mol ATPase were inhibited by each mole of reagent incorporated. A single labelled peptide was purified from the inhibited ATPase and it was shown that Lys 3/190, 10 residues from the N-terminus of tryptic fragment B, was the reactive lysine residue. This site is close to a potential nucleotide-binding fold in the ATPase sequence. A similar peptide showing only 2 conservative replacements was isolated from the sarcoplasmic reticulum of the lobster. PMID- 6216121 TI - cI and lexA repressors consist of three cro-like domains. PMID- 6216122 TI - Mapping of 8-metoxypsoralen binding sites in DNA within phage lambda particles. PMID- 6216123 TI - Modulation of the immune response by anaphylatoxin in the microenvironment of the interacting cells. AB - It was shown that the anaphylatoxins C3a and C5a can modulate in vitro immunological reactivities. C3a suppresses both the in vitro polyclonal antibody response and the specific antibody response to sheep red blood cells (SRBC) of both mouse spleen cells and human peripheral blood cells. The target cell in the mouse for C3a appears to be an Lyt-1+2- suppressor-inducer cell and macrophages appear not to be required. In contrast to C3a, C5a enhances in vitro responses of mice. Both the response to SRBC and the mixed lymphocyte reaction are enhanced by C5a. This enhancement appears to be through an Ia- macrophage that contains receptors for C5a. It appears that enhancement may be brought about by interleukin 1, which is released when Ia- macrophages are pulsed with C5a. It is suggested that these anaphylatoxins, when present in high concentrations in the microenvironment of the interacting cells of the immune system, play a dynamic role in the regulation of the immune response. Peptide fragments cleaved from the Fc portion of antibody, complexed with antigen in this microenvironment, may have a similar regulating role. PMID- 6216124 TI - Endometriosis and infertility: a laparoscopic study of endometriosis among fertile and infertile women. AB - To test the widely accepted--but not well-supported--impression that endometriosis and infertility are associated, we compared the prevalence of endometriosis visualized at laparoscopy in 100 patients being evaluated for infertility and in 200 fertile control subjects (two age-matched to each patient) undergoing tubal ligation. The extent of endometriosis and adhesions noted in the operative reports was classified according to the system proposed by The American Fertility Society. Endometriosis was found in 21 of the 100 infertile patients- mild in 11, moderate in 8, severe in 2. It was found in 4 (2%) of the 200 controls and was mild in all 4. Thus, endometriosis is more often present, and more often severe, among infertile patients. The risk of infertility was estimated to be almost 20 times greater with endometriosis than without. These data support the clinical impression that an association exists. PMID- 6216125 TI - Follicular size and number in human in vitro fertilization. AB - In an attempt to maximize the success of in vitro fertilization (IVF) and embryo transfer (ET) as a treatment for human infertility, we have examined the relationship of follicular size and number to the rates of oocyte recovery, fertilization, cleavage, and ET in clomiphene citrate-stimulated cycles. The recovery of oocytes from follicles less than 20 mm in diameter was significantly reduced over that from larger follicles, and those oocytes that were obtained from smaller follicles showed a significantly lower rate of fertilization and cleavage. In addition, the overall chance that a patient would undergo ET was greater in a cycle in which more than one follicle 20 mm or larger was developing than in a cycle in which a single large follicle was developing. This latter observation suggests that attempts at laparoscopic oocyte retrieval should be confined to cycles in which more than one accessible large follicle is developing, thereby maximizing the success rate while minimizing the risk and expense for the patient. PMID- 6216126 TI - Local renal graft-versus-host reaction in mice and its modification by foetal suppressor cells. PMID- 6216127 TI - Indications for use of electrosurgery in pedodontics. PMID- 6216129 TI - Numeration of T cell subsets in sarcoidosis using monoclonal antibodies: decreased levels of peripheral blood T cells and cells with suppressor T cell phenotype. AB - Peripheral blood lymphocytes frm 16 patients with sarcoidosis (9 patients with skin sarcoids, 7 patients with erythema nodosum and bilateral hilar adenopathy) and cutaneous anergy and from 23 age-matched healthy controls were characterized by reactivity with monoclonal antibodies OKT3, OKT4, OKT8 directed to surface antigens of T lymphocytes, helper-inducer and suppressor-cytotoxic T cell subsets, respectively. In contrast to healthy controls, patients with sarcoidosis had reduced percentages of OKT3+, OKT4+ and OKT8+ cells and a major decrease in the OKT8+ (suppressor) subset. However, these changes were significant only in the group of patients with acute sarcoidosis (erythema nodosum). This abnormal T cell distribution correlates with the alterations in cell-mediated immunity previously observed and suggests the presence of a defective circulating suppressor T cell activity in acute sarcoidosis. PMID- 6216128 TI - [Allergic contact eczema. Analysis of a random sample in 5 European socialist countries]. PMID- 6216131 TI - Conservation of structure in proton-translocating ATPases of Escherichia coli and mitochondria. PMID- 6216132 TI - Endocrine studies in postmenopausal women during oral replacement therapy with unconjugated oestrogens. AB - Two groups of postmenopausal women were seen at monthly intervals during a three month trial of continuous therapy with oral unconjugated oestrogens. Ten women in the first group were administered daily Hormonin No. 1 containing oestriol (E3) 0.135 mg, oestradiol (E2) 0.3 mg and oestrone (E1) 0.7 mg. Eight women in the second group received Hormonin No. 2 containing E3 0.27 mg, E2 0.6 mg and E1 1.4 mg. E1, E2, E3 and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHA) as well as follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) were measured by radioimmunoassay. Maturation index of vaginal smears and clinical effects were also evaluated. Oral replacement therapy with these unconjugated oestrogens produced a significant elevation of E1 (p less than 0.05) and E2 (p less than 0.05) to values corresponding well with the premenopausal range measured in our laboratory. Postmenopausal levels of FSH and LH showed only a moderate but significant decrease (p less than 0.05). There was consistent relief of vasomotor symptoms. One case of endometrial focal adenomatous hyperplasia uncovered during the period of treatment was transformed to functional secretory endometrium after an appropriate course with progestogens. Oral administration of unconjugated oestrogens and periodic withdrawal bleeding induced with a progestational agent seems to be an effective method of replacement therapy in postmenopausal women. PMID- 6216130 TI - Effect of n-octylamine on the reduction of mammalian hepatic microsomal cytochrome b5. AB - 1. In a preceding paper evidence was presented for the endogenous reduction of NAD(P)+ by mammalian hepatic microsomes and the concomitant reduction of cytochrome b5. The experiments reported here demonstrate that low concentrations of n-octylamine, in the presence of limiting quantities of NAD+, cause an increased level of cytochrome b5 reduction by mouse hepatic microsomes and also delays its reoxidation. 2. These effects are both NAD+ and n-octylamine dependent and appear to be due to an activation of the microsomal enzyme causing endogenous reduction of NAD(P)+ and also, in part, to inhibition of the autooxidation of reduced cytochrome b5. 3. Protection from the inhibitory action of sulfhydryl reagents on NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase was also observed in the presence of n octylamine. 4. The results suggest that the enzyme(s) involved in the endogenous reduction of NAD(P)+ is not the microsomal alcohol dehydrogenase. PMID- 6216133 TI - The role of the special school in the care of the dying child. PMID- 6216135 TI - Oral medication for cystic acne. PMID- 6216134 TI - Spontaneous diabetes in BB rats: evidence for a T cell dependent immune response defect. AB - Approximately 50% of BB rats develop insulinopenic hyperglycaemia and ketosis spontaneously in association with insulitis. Amelioration of the syndrome by immunosuppression suggests a cell mediated immune pathogenesis. Analysis of the cell-mediated immune profile of overtly diabetic and normoglycaemic diabetes prone BB rats indicates that they are lymphocytopenic relative to non-diabetes prone BB rats and that the T cell pool is particularly affected. Furthermore, lymphocytes from diabetic and diabetes prone BB rats, while producing normal responses to the T cell mitogen concanavalin A, do not respond when mixed in vitro with major histocompatibility complex incompatible lymphocytes. This anergy is not restored either by enriching the responding cell population for T cells or by adding exogenous T cell growth promoting factor. Thus BB rats have a numerical and regulatory deficit of their T cells which could be related to their propensity for diabetes. PMID- 6216136 TI - Intrathoracic gastric balloon: radiographic recognition of esophageal perforation. PMID- 6216138 TI - Some thoughts on the biologic role of immunoglobulin A. PMID- 6216137 TI - Studies on the designing of chemotherapy for gastric cancer in man, based on the tumor tissue concentration of anticancer agents. AB - 5-fluorouracil analogs investigated in this study include a combination of uracil and Ftorafur (UFT), Ethyl (+/-)-t-butoxy-5-fluoro-hexahydro-2, 4-dioxopyrimidine r-5-carboxylate (TAC-278), and 5'-deoxy-5-fluorouridine (5'-DFUR). In a total of 45 patients with gastric cancer, tumor tissue level of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) was determined at 2, 4, 6, 8, and 12 hours following the oral administration of drug, using a resected stomach specimen as material. As a result, it was demonstrated that oral administration of 200 mg/m2 of UFT maintained above 0.05 microgram/g (minimum inhibitory concentration: MIC) of 5-FU in tumor tissues over 12 hours in 11 of 13 patients. On the contrary, 133 mg/m2 of TAC-278, and 200 mg/m2 or 300 mg/m2 of 5'-DFUR (which is activated by thymidine phosphorylase in man) did not produce an effective 5-FU concentration in tumor tissues. Serum 5-FU level was high in order of TAC-278, UFT, and 5'-DFUR. Clinical response rates obtained with UFT (200 mg/m2 twice a day), or TAC-278 (133-200 mg/m2, 3 times daily) were 27.5% (49 of 178 cases), and 8.3% (3 of 36 cases, by Koyama et al.), respectively. Fisher's direct probability test revealed that there was a significant difference (p less than 0.05) between them in the response rate. It was considered that the measurement of concentration of anticancer drugs in tumor tissues might provide us useful information for the designing of chemotherapy of gastric cancer. PMID- 6216139 TI - Circulating steroid hormones of anadromous sea lampreys under various experimental conditions. PMID- 6216140 TI - [Conjugation in Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides mediated by R plasmids]. AB - Plasmids R68.45, RP4, RP4::Mu cts62, RP1ts::Tn10, RP1ts::Tn9, Rts1 and RP41 were transferred into cells of photosynthetic nitrogen-fixation bacterium Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides from Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The transfer of plasmids occurred with high frequency of 10(-1) to 10(-2) per donor cell in all cases. Mobilization of R. sphaeroides 2R chromosome was obtained by RP4 and Rts1 plasmids at a frequency of 10(-7) to 10(-8) per donor cell in all cases. Mobilization of R. sphaeroides 2R chromosome was obtained by RP4 and Rts1 plasmids at a frequency of 10(-7) to 10(-8) per donor cell. Bacteriophage Mu cts62 could be induced from the plasmid DNA in R. sphaeroides 2R cells and was capable of the lytic growth and producing phage progeny. It was demonstrated that an increase in the efficiency of donor chromosomal genes transfer into recipient cells could be achieved in crosses with the donor carrying RP4::Mcts62 plasmid. PMID- 6216141 TI - [Importance of the decree on the health agencies of the Republic for the development of the epidemiological health service in the Byelorussian SSR]. PMID- 6216142 TI - [Epidemiological health service of the Tadzhik SSR]. PMID- 6216143 TI - [60th Anniversary of the adoption of the decree on health agencies of the RSFSR]. PMID- 6216144 TI - [Creation of the health service of the RSFSR]. PMID- 6216145 TI - [Comparative hygienic evaluation of 2 methods of treating the sewage from swine breeding farm complexes]. PMID- 6216146 TI - [Sanitary evaluation of the regular planned cleaning of multi-apartment housing in Velikiye Luki]. PMID- 6216147 TI - [Hygienic evaluation of peat composts prepared on slide-ploughed fields]. PMID- 6216148 TI - [Value of cyproterone acetate in the treatment of hirsutism]. PMID- 6216149 TI - Plasminogen activator activity in the aorta of strains of rats with genetically determined different patterns of lipids in the blood. Induction of increased activity by streptozotocin. AB - In a strain of genetically hypercholesterolemic rats (RICO), developed from an albino mutant of Rattus norvegicus (Sprague-Dawley, Tif: RAIf, SPF) by selective breeding, the intimal plasminogen activator activity (PAA) at the nonbranching regions of the aorta was markedly lower than at the nonbranching regions of the aorta in the control strain (Sprague-Dawley). At the branching regions of the aorta the intimal PAA showed no difference between the two strains of rats. In another strain of rats (HBC; hyper-beta-cholesterolemic) with a slightly elevated level of total cholesterol in the blood, a high concentration of LDL-cholesterol and a low concentration of triglycerides, the intimal PAA showed no difference from that in the control strain (Sprague-Dawley) at the branching and nonbranching regions of the aorta. 6 weeks after a single injection of streptozotocin at a diabetogenic dose (45 mg/kg) into RICO rats and the control strain, the intimal PAA was found to be increased by 280% in RICO rats, but only by 140% in controls, compared to that in the corresponding nontreated rats. PMID- 6216150 TI - Forefoot conditions in dancers: part I. AB - The conditions occurring in the dancer's forefoot can be divided into five categories. The three categories presented in Part I of our study include those conditions occurring from poor training, those from chronic forefoot stresses, and those of static deformity. Five hundred dancers were observed for both symptomatic and asymptomatic forefoot conditions. It is most important that a young dancer have at least three years training before dancing en pointe. Many skeletal changes in a dancer's foot occur from use and should not be interpreted as injuries. Static forefoot deformities tend to appear in dancers at a younger age than the general population but seldom require corrective surgery. PMID- 6216151 TI - [Sonography of the scrotal contents]. AB - According to our examination of 266 patients, ultrasonography of scrotal contents, specifically of the testes, proves to be a highly reliable, non invasive diagnostic method. The major advantage of this technique is the fact that it enables adequate evaluation of the testes and exclusion of tumours, even when examination by palpation seems difficult or impossible due to extratesticular alterations (e.g. hydrocele, epididymitis). By means of this method also small, non-palpable lesions of the testes may be clearly demonstrated. PMID- 6216152 TI - [Isolated levocardia and corrected transposition of the great arteries in total situs inversus]. AB - Isolated levocardia combined with corrected transposition of the great arteries and complete situs inversus is rare. Due to discordant interrelationships between atria and ventricles and between ventricles and great arteries, both anomalies result in a normal circulation. In the presented case no associated cardiac malformations were present and the 55-year-old woman remained symptom-free for a long time until she developed an acquired valve disease. A systematic approach to chamber localisation in complex morphologic lesions of the heart is reviewed, and the value of CT, which can be applied successfully in older children and adults is demonstrated. PMID- 6216153 TI - [Morphometry and determination of corticodiaphyseal indices of the clavicles in the conventional chest x-ray in healthy humans and in bone diseases]. AB - The cortical width of both clavicles was measured in 400 chest x-rays of normal people aged 20 to 70 years, and normal values for three so-called cortico diaphyseal indeces have been established: 1) "combined cortical thickness" (CCT), 2) the "Barnett-Nordin index" (DNI), 3) "the bone areas index" (IBA). The results are in good agreement with those of other authors, eg. Virtama, Helela, Kocian et al. This indicates that there are no significant variations amongst different European populations. In order to test the clinical usefulness of the method, the results were compared with measurements from 50 patients with secondary osteoporosis. Measurements of cortical thickness on the chest x-ray proved a simple and reliable method. Finally, brief reference is made to the possibility, and the problems, of measuring bone mineral content by computed tomography. PMID- 6216154 TI - [The navicular fat stripe (NFS). Significance for the recognition of fractures of the navicular bone]. AB - Navicular fractures are easily overlooked; the anatomy of the soft tissues in this region is illustrated and the significance of the navicular fat stripe in the diagnosis and follow-up of navicular and other local fractures is discussed. The differential diagnosis of pathological soft tissue signs in this region is also commented upon. PMID- 6216155 TI - [Dysplasia epiphysialis multiplex--scintigraphic, roentgenologic and clinical correlation]. AB - Seven patients with various clinical, radiological und scintigraphic manifestations of dysplasia epiphysealis multiplex were examined by three-phase scintigraphy using 99mTc-NDP and also radiologically. A comparison of the results is shown; radiological investigation showed some abnormalities which were not demonstrated scintigraphically. No lesions were demonstrated by scintigraphy where the radiograph was normal. Increased uptake of the isotope during a three phase scintigram is a sensitive indicator of activity of the disease. However, the extent and intensity of the uptake of the isotope did not always correlate well with joint pain and reduction in the range of joint movement. PMID- 6216156 TI - [Diagnostic significance of the colloid concentration in the static liver scintigram]. AB - The count density in the right liver lobe is presented as a parameter for the recognition of diffuse parenchymal diseases of the liver by means of static colloidal scanning. Sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy (87-100%) in separating normal from parenchymal damage and cirrhosis are comparable to the results of dynamic sequence scanning. Since this parameter is easy to be measured it is proposed for clinical application. PMID- 6216157 TI - [Quantitative evaluation, indications and value of computer tomography of the lumbar spine]. AB - Beside demonstrating morphological changes, CT enables one to make quantitative measurements of the spinal canal (sagittal diameter, transverse diameter, area of the spinal canal, width of the lateral recess and symmetry of the articular joints). A reduction of the transverse diameter of the spinal canal or asymmetry of the articular joints is associated with an increased and earlier incidence of back pain. In addition, patients with asymmetrical vertebral joints showed more frequent and earlier development of disc prolapse. PMID- 6216158 TI - [Exogenous-toxic bilateral basal ganglia necroses in computer tomography]. AB - By means of cranial computer tomography, it is possible to demonstrate the cerebral consequences of severe intoxications in vivo. A variety of different toxic agents produce similar disease patterns, which are thought to be due to fall in blood pressure caused by the toxin. The lesions are mainly localised in the basal ganglia at the borders of contiguous vascular territories. Six patients observed by the authors are described. PMID- 6216159 TI - [Esophageal perforations after vagotomy]. AB - Oesophageal perforation after vagotomy is a quite rare complication. We know figures between 0.4 and 0.8%. The radiodiagnostic verification has central significance for a possibly necessary reoperation, and hence the prognosis of the patient, if this perforation is not recognized under the operation, or necrosis of the wall should happen in the early post-operative phase. We give information about four own observations. PMID- 6216160 TI - [Embolization of the splenic artery. Emergency therapy in varices hemorrhage and in hypersplenism]. AB - In bleeding of oesophageal varices with resistance to common treatment embolisation of the splenic artery causes depression of the portal hypertension by forty per cent. Thrombosis of the splenic or portal vein as in splenectomies are not to be expected. The splenic vein remains open for later spleno-renal anastomosis. By occlusion of the splenic artery we were successful in stopping oesophageal bleeding. In a patient with dominant hypersplenism in portal hypertension the severity of the syndrome decreased after embolisation of the splenic artery. Thrombocytes, leukocytes and gammaglobulin increased. PMID- 6216161 TI - Transluminal angioplasty in the management of mesenteric angina. PMID- 6216162 TI - Sources of artifacts in rotational scanography. AB - The images produced in rotational scanography, currently under investigation at several institutions, may contain several kinds of artifacts. The sources of such artifacts are: 1. vertical and horizontal misalignment of the focal spot with the axis of rotation; 2 misalignment of the primary and secondary slits; 3 a density gradient due to slit cut-off; 4 vibration of the x-ray tube during rotation; 5. A density gradient due to variation in motor speed; 6. radiographic striations due to ripple of the tube output. Striations are present even if a 12-pulse generator is used, but they disappear if a constant potential generator is employed. PMID- 6216163 TI - [Unilateral failure of fusion of the head of the humerus. A rare manifestation of the so-called persistent apophysis]. PMID- 6216164 TI - [Diagnosis of a thyroid medullary cancer. Sonographic finding]. PMID- 6216165 TI - [Computer tomography of bilateral glomus tumor]. PMID- 6216166 TI - [Angiographic detection of metastases of Grawitz tumor of the pancreas]. PMID- 6216167 TI - [Detection of an arteriovenous lung fistula in CT]. PMID- 6216168 TI - [Bronchobiliary fistula as a rare complication of percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC)]. PMID- 6216169 TI - [Computer tomographic detection of iron-storing lymph nodes in transfusion requiring anemias]. PMID- 6216170 TI - [Diagnostic possibilities of computer tomography in hip joint diseases. Paget's disease, femur head necrosis, coxarthrosis, coxarthritis]. PMID- 6216171 TI - [Experience with CT-arthrography of the cruciate ligaments of the knee. Report on 512 examinations]. PMID- 6216172 TI - [CT analysis of facial skull fracture]. AB - Computer tomography of the facial bones provides the maxillo-facial surgeon with valuable information regarding the type and extent of typical mid-facial fractures (le Fort fractures I to III, fractures of the malar bone, orbital fractures, fractures of the skull base close to the facial bones). The procedure takes little extra time. The patient is saved additional investigations, requiring changes in position which may, at times, be hazardous. Our experience extends to 59 examinations, which is used for an analysis of mid-facial fractures. Some typical examples are given. PMID- 6216173 TI - [Acro-osteosclerosis of the fingers, a normal sex- and age-dependent endosteal reaction]. AB - Acro-osteosclerosis (AOS) of the distal phalanges was estimated in a semi quantitative manner in a sample of patients with polyarthritis and compared with a sample of non-rheumatic patients, corresponding in age and sex incidence. AOS must be regarded as a normal endosteal process which occurs particularly in women; it begins in early adult life and regresses with old age. There was no relationship between AOS and chronic polyarthritis; nevertheless, the bone 'terrain' in chronic polyarthritis is not identical with that in normals. PMID- 6216174 TI - [Leukemia in childhood: disease- and therapy-induced changes in the roentgenogram]. PMID- 6216175 TI - Therapeutically infarcted renal tumours. A systematic follow-up study by ultrasound. PMID- 6216176 TI - [Perirenal masses following kidney transplantation. Ultrasonically guided punctures and aspirate analyses]. AB - 24 perirenal masses in renal allograft recipients were aspirated by means of ultrasonographically guided percutaneous fine needle puncture, analysed biochemically, bacteriologically and identified as 15 lymphoceles, 5 hematomas, 2 abscesses and 2 urinomas. The discrimination criteria, based on macroscopic findings and biochemical analysis, are previously described in detail. According to ultrasonographic and clinical characteristics the lymphoceles are divided into two groups: 1. Large lymphoceles without any sign of rejection, which seem to be caused by injury of lymphatic vessels in the pelvic region of the graft recipient. 2. Small lymphoceles with signs of rejection, which evidently result from increased secretion of lymph by the allograft. In 54 punctures a therapeutic effect was achieved in small abscesses and lymphoceles only, which were drained percutaneously. A repeated fine needle evacuation of lymphoceles did not result in an obliteration of the lymphocele in any case. Ultrasonographically guided fine needle puncture of perirenal masses is of great importance, since the perirenal fluid can be identified exactly and an immediate and definitive therapy is made possible. PMID- 6216177 TI - [Suprapubic prostatic sonography for staging prostatic carcinoma]. AB - Sixty-one patients with histologically confirmed carcinomas of the prostate were examined by suprapubic, transvesical prostatic sonography in order to stage local tumor spread. The results were compared with rectal palpation. Compared with rectal palpation, sonography led to tumor up-staging in 16% and down-staging in 7%. The results showed good agreement with findings at prostatectomy, autopsy and cystoscopy. Additionally, the sonographic up-staging/down-staging figures were compared with "tumor staging after prostatectomy, as compared with clinical staging" quoted in the literature. It is concluded that suprapubic prostatic sonography is reliable supplementary method of examination for local tumor staging and that it improves the classification of local tumor extent. PMID- 6216178 TI - [Value of pedal lymphography for staging untreated prostatic carcinoma. Prospective evaluation of pedal lymphography for pretherapeutic staging of prostatic carcinoma (TNM-classification according to the 1974 UICC recommendation)]. PMID- 6216179 TI - [Computer tomographic-directed fine needle aspiration biopsy of pelvic masses]. AB - CT-aided fine needle biopsy was performed in 48 patients with pelvic space occupying lesions demonstrated by computer tomography. Amongst 36 patients with malignant neoplasms, recurrences or metastases, malignant cells were found in 26 (72%). In six out of twelve patients suspected of having a pelvic abscess, fine needle puncture confirmed the diagnosis by providing positive bacteriological results. CT-aided puncture should be used in conjunction with computer tomography in order to clarify the aetiology of space-occupying lesions. The indication for CT-aided puncture is the presence of a pelvic space-occupying lesions which cannot be demarcated by sonography. PMID- 6216180 TI - [Roentgen morphology of the stomach outlet following pyloroplasty]. PMID- 6216181 TI - [Roentgenologic findings following total transposition of the stomach as a replacement for long segments of the esophagus]. AB - Thirty-seven patients, in whom the stomach had been transposed in order to replace a long segment of the oesophagus, were studied. Radiologically important early complications and the late results of this surgical technique were correlated. Twenty-five patients were observed radiologically and clinically for a period of three to 20 months. The study was directed at the morphology of the transposed stomach and of the anastomosis, and particularly at the problem of gastro-oesophageal reflux. Knowledge of the operation site is essential for evaluating the transplant (pleura defect). Radiological examination is the most suitable method for evaluating the cervical extra-thoracic anastomosis in the early post-operative phase (six to ten days). It is also effective at a later stage for the early recognition of fibrotic stenosis which will require treatment. An attempt has been made to define an ideal situation following gastric transposition which will usually correspond with a good clinical result. PMID- 6216182 TI - [Demonstration of postgastrectomy bile reflux by hepatobiliary sequential scintigraphy]. AB - After gastrectomy and jejunal interposition by the Longmire technique, symptoms due to alkaline reflux oesophagitis may occur, which are caused by duodeno jejunal and jejuno-oesophageal bile reflux. Twenty-seven patients who had gastrectomies performed for malignant tumours one to three years previously were examined by hepatobiliary sequential scintigraphy in order to see whether this is able to demonstrate bile reflux. In addition to endoscopies, biopsies and radiological examinations, 45 sequential scintigrams were carried out. Agreement of results during routine use was investigated for five observers. There were considerable variations in results amongst different observers. Nevertheless, in four out of the five observers, there was a significant correlation with the clinical findings (p less than 0.05). Only by using functional scintigraphy with digital data recording is it possible to demonstrate or exclude bile reflux with any degree of certainty. Eight out of twelve patients with marked symptoms, and four out of 28 without symptoms showed reflux into the interposed segment (correlation 0.7, p greater than 0.05). Patients with symptoms showed a high incidence of oesophagitis by the above-mentioned methods (correlation (0.52, p greater than 0.05). Correlation between the results of barium meals and clinical findings was considerably less (0.25) and was not significant. Sequential scintigraphy is therefore better for clarifying reflux symptoms than radiological examination or endoscopy and biopsy. PMID- 6216183 TI - [Importance of cholegraphy for indicating litholysis]. AB - Today patients with gallstones are treated surgically, by means of drugs, or by endoscopy. However, only cholesterol stones can be dissolved with bile acids. Besides the cholesterol stones in the gallbladder, insoluble pigment stones or insoluble stones with a high inorganic calcium content will be found. In every patient, the solubility of the gallbladder stones must be established by mineralogical analysis. Sonography is very helpful in detecting gallbladder stones, but it is impossible to perform a mineralogical analysis with this method. Plain radiography is likewise insufficient. The only way to obtain a relatively accurate selection of patients with soluble gallstones is the performance of roentgenography after cholecystography. Cholecystography for mineralogical analysis must always follow detection of gallstones by sonography. PMID- 6216184 TI - [Roentgen findings in congenital cystic changes in the lungs in infants]. PMID- 6216185 TI - [Regional ejection fractions to determine left ventricular function. Comparison of first-radionuclide-pass and equilibrium-radionuclide-ventriculography with the results of cineventriculography]. AB - An analysis of regional left ventricular pump function by regional ejection fractions (rAF) may be done employing First Pass techniques or Equilibrium Radionuclide Ventriculography (MUGA). The ventricle was intersected orthogonally into 5 divisions. This technique was applied to 15 hearts with regular wall motion and to 26 hearts with wall motion abnormalities. The discrimination for wall motion abnormalities of the anterior wall by MUGA was better than using steps of asynergy (normo-, hypo-, dys- and asynergy). With rAF, decrease of regional pump function could be detected (10% of the investigated hearts) even when there was a regular global ejection fraction. Due to the different projection angles for First Pass and MUGA (app. 70 degrees difference), correlation coefficients for anatomically similar divisions of the left ventricle, assessed with both techniques (n = 41) were rather low with the exception of the section belonging to the apex. Assessing the wall motion of the posterior wall, with MUGA isolated wall motion abnormalities could be detected only in 2 out of 6 cases. With First Pass, wall motion abnormalities could be detected in all cases. Therefore, to determine motion and function of the posterior wall, First Pass or even better First Pass and MUGA should be employed since the latter case, the ventricle may be evaluated from two projections in one examination only. PMID- 6216187 TI - [Measurement accuracy and artefacts in computer tomography]. PMID- 6216186 TI - [Contrast enhancement of the gyral pattern in herpes simplex encephalitis]. AB - A case of herpes simplex encephalitis was examined by computer tomography. Both cerebral hemispheres showed contrast enhancement of the gyri. The cause of this is considered. The increased contrast medium accumulation in the affected areas is probably due to the marked vascular proliferation which can be demonstrated anatomically, and to the rapid escape of contrast from the capillaries into the interstitial spaces. The findings of other authors, which differ somewhat, are discussed. PMID- 6216188 TI - [Intracerebral tuberculoma in the computer tomogram]. PMID- 6216189 TI - [Fibrous dysplasia of the right maxilla]. PMID- 6216190 TI - [Computer tomographic diagnosis of puerperal endometritis caused by gas-forming bacteria]. PMID- 6216191 TI - [Sonographic demonstration of a renal artery aneurysm in Recklinghausen's disease]. PMID- 6216192 TI - [Roentgen diagnosis and sonography following anaphylactic shock]. PMID- 6216193 TI - [Gallstone extraction by dilatation of the common bile duct and a fistulous passage]. PMID- 6216194 TI - [Pathogenesis and compensation of renal anemia in children]. PMID- 6216195 TI - Human liver plasma membrane Ca-ATPase: identification and sensitivity to calcium antagonists. PMID- 6216196 TI - Two cases of severe musculoskeletal pain. PMID- 6216197 TI - Aortocoronary artery bypass: results in 26,404 patients. PMID- 6216198 TI - Influence of monoclonal anti-Ia like antibodies on activation of human lymphocytes. AB - Four monoclonal antibodies directed against human DR antigens were examined for their effects on lymphocyte activation in vitro. Two (DA6.121 and DA6.231) were serologically and biochemically indistinguishable and recognized a common determinant on the DR beta chain. One, DA6.164, reacted with an epitope probably on the beta chain of a subset of DR molecules while the fourth, DA6.147 was directed against an alpha chain determinant. All four produced measurable inhibition of lymphocyte activation. Responses to PHA or PWM were generally reduced by less than 30% and those to autochthonous or to allogeneic lymphoid cells by more than 30% some being completely abolished. DA6.121 and 231 were the most consistently effective antibodies and behaved in an identical manner. There was no additive effect when different monoclonal reagents were mixed. Reduction in the level of activation occurred when the responding population consisted almost entirely of T lymphocytes, suggesting that ADCC was not involved. The presence or absence of complement had a profound effect on the level of lymphocyte mitogenesis but responses were depressed by anti-DR monoclonals under both conditions. The results indicate that both the alpha and the beta chain of DR play some part in lymphocyte activation. It is suggested that the continuous regeneration of DR antigens on the surface of stimulator cells may be important in eliciting MLR. PMID- 6216199 TI - Desensitization in vitro: the role of T-suppressor cells, T-suppressor factor and T-acceptor cells in the inhibition of the passive transfer of contact sensitivity to picryl chloride by exposure to antigen in vitro. PMID- 6216200 TI - Variation in accessory cell requirements in human mixed lymphocyte response to leukaemic cell lines. AB - Human leukaemia and lymphoma cell lines were investigated as stimulating cells in an allogeneic mixed lymphocyte response. Purified T cells and unfractionated mononuclear cells from normal donors were used as responders. The cell lines fell into three groups: (i) those which stimulated allogeneic responder T cells in the presence or absence of accessory (non-T) cells; (ii) those which stimulated T cells only in the presence of accessory cells; and (iii) those which failed to stimulate in either case. The accessory function was provided by adherent cells and non-adherent, non-T cells. There was no correlation between the stimulatory capacity of these cell lines and the presence of serologically defined HLA-DR determinants. These results are discussed in the context of the current two signal hypothesis for T-cell activation. PMID- 6216201 TI - Suppression of the polyclonal B-cell response to lipopolysaccharide by concanavalin-A-treated non-T cells in vitro. AB - Concanavalin A (Con A), a T-cell mitogen, dose-dependent suppressed the polyclonal antibody response of a purified B-cell population to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in vitro. This suppression can be attributed to a role of suppressor cells generated in B-cell cultures in response to relatively high doses of Con A. The suppressor cells can be produced in cultures of normal as well as athymic nude spleen cells deprived of plastic-adherent cells and Thy 1.2 positive cells. The suppressing activity of Con-A-treated cells was not abolished by pre-treatment of the cells with anti-Thy 1.2, anti-Lyt 1.1, anti-Lyt 1.2 or anti-Lyt 2.2 serum and complement, and was decreased partially by treatment with anti-Ig serum and complement. Moreover, the suppressing activity was partially decreased by using petri dishes coated with IgG of F(ab')2 fraction of anti-mouse immunoglobulins. Thus, the suppressor activity of Con-A-treated cells was mediated by a non-T cell, possibly a B cell. A role for macrophages was unlikely, but not formally ruled out. The suppressor cells retarded development of polyclonal antibody production by B cells to LPS only when added at the start of culture and was resistant to treatment with anti-mitotic doses of irradiation and mitomycin C. It is possible that the suppressor cells of a B-cell nature play a role in the regulation of excessive B-cell proliferation during antibody responses. PMID- 6216204 TI - Strain difference in delayed-type hypersensitivity to BCG in mice: role of splenic adherent cells in the primary immune response. PMID- 6216203 TI - In vivo macrophage suppression of delayed hypersensitivity in the guinea-pig. AB - The nature of the suppressive activity in the peritoneal exudate cells (PEC) of guinea-pigs immunized with dinitrophenyl bovine gamma globulin (DNP50-BGG) was investigated. A method was developed to isolate from the peritoneal exudate large numbers of macrophages. Using density gradient centrifugation on Percoll it was possible to obtain a population of cells which contained over 90% macrophages. This macrophage preparation was found to respond to lymphokine but to be incapable of passively transferring delayed hypersensitivity reactions. When these immune macrophages were transferred into antigen immunized animals, which had been pretreated with cyclophosphamide (CY), the skin reactions were suppressed to the same extent as when the total PEC was transferred. PEC from guinea-pigs immunized with ovalbumin in Freund's incomplete adjuvant did not suppress the skin reactions in CY-pretreated DNP50BGG immunized animals. However, in contrast, macrophages from these animals did suppress the skin reactions in the recipient guinea-pigs indicating that the macrophage suppression was not antigen specific. PMID- 6216202 TI - Induction of suppressor macrophages in mice by Fusarenon-X. AB - Intraperitoneal injection of Fusarenon-X into BALB/c mice, a mycotoxin produced by Fusarium nivale Fn 2B, depressed polyclonal antibody formation of splenic lymphocytes in response to pokeweed mitogen (PWM). This inhibitory activity was found to reside in the surface immunoglobulin-negative spleen cell fraction of Fusarenon-X-treated mice, sIg-(FX), which comprised mainly T lymphocytes and smaller number of non-lymphocytic cellular elements. However, reconstitution experiments for in vitro antibody formation provided evidence that T lymphocytes from Fusarenon-X-treated mice, T(FX), which were separated from non-lymphocytic cells by use of carbonyl iron/magnet, were as effective as T lymphocytes from normal mice, T(N), in supporting antibody formation. Furthermore, addition of non lymphocytic cells, NL(FX), or adherent cells, AD(FX), prepared from spleen cells of Fusarenon-X-treated mice to normal spleen cells strongly inhibited in vitro antibody formation against PWM or a bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). These results strongly indicated that Fusarenon-X induced non-lymphocytic suppressor cells in the spleen of the treated mice which had features in common with activated macrophages. PMID- 6216205 TI - Cellular mechanisms of specific immunostimulation. AB - The mechanisms of action of immunological adjuvants at the cellular and pharmacological level are reviewed. Many adjuvants cause the accumulation of lymphocytes in the draining lymph node, lymphocyte trapping. The possible role of complement activation by adjuvants, leading to prostaglandin E2 release, in this process is discussed. Adjuvants show selective activity with different antigens, and may stimulate different components of the immune response. These effects have not yet been explained at the cellular level. Current studies of the cellular basis of adjuvant action indicate that many different adjuvants act through the macrophage of helper T lymphocyte, and there is limited evidence for effects on suppressor cells or B lymphocytes. PMID- 6216206 TI - Clinical study of industrial dermatosis with special reference to incidence pattern. PMID- 6216207 TI - Delayed type hypersensitivity reaction to cutaneous antigen in keloid. PMID- 6216209 TI - Cell-mediated cytotoxicity against HLA-D-region products expressed in monocytes and B lymphocytes. IV. Characterization of effector cells using monoclonal antibodies against human T-cell subsets. AB - The cytotoxic effector cells that recognize HLA-D-region determinants and their precursors were characterized using monoclonal antibodies against human T lymphocytes and T-cell subsets. These studies were performed using MLC combinations giving rise to cytotoxic cells specific for both class I (HLA-A, B, C) and class II (HLA-D-region) antigens, and then tested against target cells displaying relevant antigens of only one class. Both class I and class II specific CTL (cytotoxic T lymphocytes) were inhibited by treatment with the OKT3 monoclonal antibody and complement, indicating that the effector cells were T lymphocytes. A major portion of class II specific CTL, and their precursors, were inhibited by OKT4 and complement, while class I specific CTL from the same cultures were not. The T4+T8- cell subset has previously been associated with helper or inducer functions, but not with cytotoxicity. The present findings indicate that class I and class II specific CTL, and their precursors, are different on the basis of the class of target antigen recognized and on the basis of surface phenotype detected by monoclonal antibodies. PMID- 6216208 TI - CML characterization of a product of a second class I locus in the rat MHC. AB - In the rat, genes that control the expression of target antigens detected by cell mediated lympholysis (CML) are present in the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). The relationship of these loci, CT and Ag-L, to each other and to other loci within the MHC is unknown. In this report, we demonstrate the existence of a CML target antigen in the (DA X BN)F1 anti-DA.1I(BI) strain combination. The gene coding for this antigen is linked to the RT1 complex as indicated by the CML reactivity of targets from backcross and congenic animals. Inhibition studies demonstrated that this antigen has the widespread tissue distribution characteristic of class I antigens, and the gene coding for this CML antigen maps coincident with the RT1.E class I locus as indicated by the lysis of targets from the recombinant strains r10 and r11. The CML can be blocked by antisera directed against a product of the RT1.E locus. The locus controlling this CML reactivity, like CT and Ag-L, has been separated from RT1.A by recombination; unlike CT and Ag-L, the produce of this CML locus appears to be identical with an RT1.E allelic product that has been serologically identified and biochemically characterized. PMID- 6216211 TI - Nitrosamines and their precursors in some Kazakh foodstuffs. AB - Numerous samples of various foods, such as salt-dried and smoke-dried meats, fermented sausages, sour-milk products, fermented mare's and camel's milk, raw vegetables, rice, rock and table salts, local bread and daily food rations were analysed by GC-TEA and HPLC-TEA for the presence of volatile nitrosamines. Apart from the observation of NDMA (up to 0.7 microgram/kg) in three samples of Kazakh cheeses, the volatile nitrosamines were detected only in some meat and meat products. Salted air-dried meat contained NDMA in amounts up to 54 micrograms/kg. NPYR (12 micrograms/kg) was found in one sample of nitrite-cured sausage. The highest content of NPIP (7 micrograms/kg) was detected in fermented, home-made sausage. It is clear that the only significant contribution of these dialkyl and heterocyclic nitrosamines to the diet is from stored, salt-dried meat and nitrite cured meat products. Analyses of nitrate and nitrite in various local products are reported. The validity of our assumption that the high incidence of oesophageal cancer can be lowered by realistic improvements in the processing and storage of meat and meat products requires further evaluation. PMID- 6216212 TI - Heart size in inbred strains of rats. Part 1. Genetic determination of the development of cardiovascular enlargement in rats. AB - The heart and aorta weights in 23 strains of rats and the four-way cross generation among the M520/N, SHRSP/N, SHR/N, and WKY/N strains were investigated in relation to their blood pressure in an attempt to characterize cardiovascular enlargement (increased weight of heart and aorta) from a genetic aspect. The distribution of blood pressure in these strains at 10 weeks of age was clearly divided into hypertensive and normotensive groups. In the hypertensive group, heart weight increased in proportion to blood pressure. In contrast, there was no relationship between blood pressure and heart weight in the normotensive group in spite of large strain differences in heart weights. The result of variance analysis exhibited a significant strain difference in heart weight, and the degree of genetic determination was estimated to be 65%-75%. A similar genetic influence was apparent for normotensive strains excluding hypertensive strains. The distribution of blood pressures in the four-way cross generation showed the segregation of three phenotypes consisting of normotensive, intermediate and hypertensive groups. A large variability was seen in heart weight of each group. However, the increase in average heart weight of these three groups was very small. The degree of genetic determination from the cross analysis was estimated to be 45%-65%. These results indicate that heart weight is a highly heritable trait, and that the effect of genetic factors on cardiac enlargement is larger than that of blood pressure. A similar result was obtained for the aorta weight. However, the effect of genetic factors was less important for aorta weight than for heart weight since the degree of genetic determination was estimated to be 45%-65% from the strain comparison and 35%-60% from the cross analysis. PMID- 6216210 TI - Genetic chasing of T helper cell idiotype and allotype genes. AB - The present experiments were performed to study whether the genes responsible for the expression of T-idiotypes and allotypes could be mapped in relation to immunoglobulin (Ig) heavy chain V- and C-genes. Use was made of our antiserum 5936, which detects idiotypes in B6 and anti-B10.BR sera and on Lyt-1+, 2.3-B6 anti-B10.BR T-cell populations, and antiserum 6036, which detects allotypes on Lyt-1+, 2.3-B6 T cells, but which does not react against Ig. The reactivity of these antisera with T cells from (B6 X C3H.OH) X C3H.OH backcross mice and CBA allotype congenic B6 mice was investigated because 5936 idiotypes and 6036 allotypes appeared to be associated with Igh-1b genes (B6) and not with Igh-1j genes (C3H.OH,CBA). Our results will show, first, that 5936 idiotypes on Lyt-1+, s.3-B6 anti-B10.BR T cells are synthesized by genes linked to Igh-1b allotype genes and they are situated either within Ig heavy chain V-genes or centromeric to them. Second, our results will show that 6036 allotypes on Lyt-1+, 2.3-B6 T cells are produced by genes also linked to Igh-1b-allotype genes, and the 6036 allotype genes are situated between Ig-VH and prealbumin genes. PMID- 6216213 TI - Effect of restraint stress on cannabis-induced catalepsy in rats. AB - The effect of restraint stress (1, 2 and 4 hr) on cannabis-induced catalepsy, was investigated in rats. Restraint stress produced a time-related-potentiation of the cataleptic effect of a sub-cataleptic dose of cannabis. Stress (4 hr)-induced potentiation of cannabis catalepsy was attenuated after pretreatment of the animals with drugs known to decrease central 5-HT and prostaglandin activity, but was unaffected by metyrapone, an inhibitor of endogenous corticoid synthesis. The results suggest the involvement of 5-HT and prostaglandins in restraint stress cannabis interaction. The results have been discussed in the light of earlier investigations, from this laboratory, indicating increased rat brain 5-HT and prostaglandin activity, following restraint stress, and possible 5-HT mediation in central effects of prostaglandins. It is suggested that restraint stress first enhances rat brain prostaglandins, which in its proposed role as the first mediator' of stress, activates the serotonergic system in this species. This prostaglandin 5-HT link, thus mediates the observed potentiating effect of restraint stress on cannabis catalepsy. PMID- 6216216 TI - Aesthetic dental veneering materials. AB - They are numerous clinical indications for the use of aesthetic tooth coverings including heavily stained teeth, hypoplasia and other developmental disorders, and traumatic injuries. The acid etch technique provides a means of attaching composite resins and preformed acrylic veneers to enamel to cope with these problems. Four basic techniques are in use: (a) freehand placement of cold-cured or light-cured acrylic resins, (b) use of a crown form with technique (a), (c) commercially performed acrylic laminated bonded to the tooth with cold- or light cured resins and (d) individually made preformed laminates bonded as in (c). A meticulous acid etch technique is necessary, including the use of 35 per cent phosphoric acid for up to 120 seconds on difficult surfaces such as primary or highly fluorosed enamel. Special care is needed at the gingival margin, for poor bonding is obtained by dentin/cementum. Successful results can be obtained with all four techniques when experience has been gained. The quickest and most flexible technique is (a), whereas (d) is capable of the best contour, adaptation and aesthetics. However, in (d) laboratory procedures add to costs. The most convenient resins for freehand placement and bonding of veneers are the light cured (composite) resins. Cold-cure resins have short working time and are best used with an unfilled resin primer. Clinical studies indicate that a life of at least 3-4 years for enamel veneers can be expected if incisal coverage is avoided. Research is in progress to improve durability. These restorations should be regarded at present at medium-term treatments and should be so presented to the patient. Even with current materials, a dramatic improvement in appearance can effect a major transformation in the self-esteem of the patient. PMID- 6216215 TI - High-level induction of gamma interferon with various mitogens in mice pretreated with Propionibacterium acnes. AB - Various T-cell mitogens induced high levels of circulating gamma interferon (IFN gamma) in mice that had been pretreated with Propionibacterium acnes. Administration of lipopolysaccharide, a B-cell mitogen, to these mice also caused pronounced production of IFN-gamma in addition to IFN-alpha and IFN-beta. The enhanced induction was most marked at about 1 week after the pretreatment. PMID- 6216214 TI - T and B lymphocyte function in response to a protein-free diet. AB - Groups of female adult rats were fed either isocaloric protein-free or 18% protein diets for various intervals. Four days before sacrifice, the animals were immunized either with sheep erythrocytes or with a trinitrophenyl lipopolysaccharide (TNP-LPS) conjugate. Spleen lymphoid cell populations, spleen plaque-forming cells, and serum hemolysins were measured. A persistent diminution, proportional to the duration of protein deprivation, was observed in all parameters studied after immunization with the T-dependent antigen, sheep erythrocytes. The immune dysfunction was more pronounced for hemolysin titers, which became undetectable after 15 days of protein-free diet. The response of the protein-free group to the T-independent antigen (TNP-LPS) after 15 days of diet was only 34% of the control. When a T-cell lymphokine, macrophage migration inhibitory factor, was measured, a normal response was observed in the protein free group. Feeding a normal diet rapidly restored the spleen plaque-forming cell populations to 60% of normal after 4 days and to 100% after 6 days. Protein starvation influenced the production of antibodies more than it did the number of antibody-forming cells. The nutritional impairment of immunoglobulin synthesis appears to be reversible. PMID- 6216217 TI - Lung mechanics after aerosol and intravenous SCH 1000 in normal humans. AB - A functional study was carried out in six normal subjects before and after 0.5 mg of an intravenous atropine congener (SCH 1000) by evaluating the following parameters: static pulmonary volumes, resistance of the airways (Raw), N2 closing volume/vital capacity ratio, maximal expiratory flow volume, and the pressure volume curves. From these curves we calculated the maximum flow-static recoil curves and the resistance of the airways upstream from the equal pressure point (Rus). On the following day four of six subjects inhaled 6 puffs (240 micrograms) of aerosolized SCH 1000 and the same parameters were evaluated. Both procedures caused a significant increase in maximum expiratory flow and a decrease in Raw. However, only intravenous SCH 1000 caused an increase in lung compliance and a decrease in Rus. When compared with previous data, our results show no dose response effect on the atropine-induced modifications of pulmonary mechanics, and thus confirm the exclusive central bronchodilator effect of the aerosolized SCH 1000. PMID- 6216218 TI - Health effects of chlorophenol wood preservatives on sawmill workers. AB - At the request of the International Woodworkers of America, Local 1-85, woodworkers in two Port Alberni, British Columbia, sawmills were surveyed for health complaints possibly associated with chlorophenol exposure. On the basis of their exposure to anti-sapstain, workers were divided into low/moderate and high exposure groups. Health status was determined through a questionnaire that included lists of symptoms associated with exposure to chlorophenates and their contaminants. Extensive differences were found between exposure groups, especially in terms of the prevalence and extensiveness of symptoms related to dermatological, upper and general respiratory, and neurological structures and functions. Significant elevations of a wide range of other symptom complaints directly related to chemical exposure were also found. While improved spray control operations and the use of personal protective equipment will decrease injury among workers, they cannot be expected to decrease the hazards of chlorophenol exposure to an acceptable level. The only effective means of eliminating worker and public health risks attendant with these chemical exposures is to implement an alternative means of anti-sapstain treatment and to seek an end to the use of chlorophenol for this purpose. PMID- 6216219 TI - Imbalances in T cell subpopulations in lepromatous leprosy. AB - Circulating T cells, T helper, and T suppressor cells were investigated in 24 lepromatous patients, using murine hybridoma-derived monoclonal antibodies OKT 3, OKT 4, and OKT 8. Six bacillary lepromatous patients without recent eNL were studied; in this group, suppressor cells were increased and helper cells diminished, resulting in a decrease in the helper/suppressor (H/S) ratio. Nine bacteriologically negative lepromatous patients without recent ENL were studied. T cell subsets distribution was normal, although some T cell functions were affected. It was further shown that in non-ENL patients, the diminution of the H/S ratio is correlated with the Bacteriologic Index (BI). Although bacillary, ENL patients exhibit a completely different T cell pattern than non-reactional patients. In these patients, there was a significant diminution of circulating suppressor cells, and an increase in T cell functions. These abnormalities were transient. Our results confirm the importance of suppressor cells in lepromatous leprosy, and suggest that imbalance between helper and suppressor cells may play a role in the pathogenesis of ENL reactions. PMID- 6216220 TI - Thymus dependent lymphocytes in leprosy. I. T lymphocyte subpopulations defined by monoclonal antibodies. AB - Monoclonal antibodies recognizing different human T lymphocyte subpopulations were used to characterize peripheral blood T lymphocytes in patients with leprosy. An increase in the suppressor T lymphocyte subpopulation was seen only in lepromatous leprosy (BL-LL) patients. In contrast, patients who had erythema nodosum leprosum (ENL) showed a disturbance in immunoregulation seen as a decrease of the suppressor cell percentage and manifested by an increase in in vitro lymphoproliferative responses to both PPD and PHA. This imbalance was seen to normalize as patients improved clinically. There was no deviation from the normal values of the total T lymphocyte population. It is suggested, therefore, that ENL may be associated with an acute imbalance of T lymphocyte subpopulations. Since the suppressor T lymphocyte identified by the mononuclear antibody used is antigen nonspecific, the significance of these suppressor cells in the pathogenesis of leprosy remains unclear. PMID- 6216221 TI - Phosphofructokinase in the plerocercoids of Schistocephalus solidus (Cestoda:Pseudophyllidea). PMID- 6216223 TI - [Radiology of allergic lung diseases]. PMID- 6216222 TI - Recent progress in the structure, origin, composition, and function of cortical granules in animal egg. PMID- 6216224 TI - New rabbit atherosclerosis model for the investigation of transluminal angioplasty. AB - In order to investigate the long-term and short-term effects of transluminal angioplasty, an animal model was developed that closely simulates human disease. Using the Flemish Giant rabbit, lesions were created by air-drying an isolated segment of femoral artery and feeding the rabbits a diet of 2% cholesterol, 6% peanut oil for one month. The lesions were studied with serial angiography for up to three months and with correlative histology. The results showed focal, stenotic lesions that appeared stable over time and had histologic similarity to human lesions. the artery adjacent to the lesions appeared normal. Since the femoral arteries in this rabbit strain are sufficiently large to undergo angioplasty, and it is possible to perform serial angiograms, it is believed that this model is suitable for use in the investigation of angioplasty, and the preliminary work confirms its feasibility. PMID- 6216225 TI - Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of the iliac and lower limb vessels: one year's experience. AB - Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) based on the angiographic technique consists of the use of fluoroscopically monitored special catheters to relieve stenotic segments of recanalize occlusive lesions of the vascular tree. In the course of one year, 192 patients were evaluated angiographically for peripheral vascular disease, of whom 32 were selected for PTA. Twelve patients had PTA for the iliac vessels with a success rate of 83%; 20 patients had PTA for the lower limb arteries with a 60% success rate. The end results depended on the nature of the underlying lesion, with totally occluded arteries having the poorest outcome. The method and the results are described, and the value of the procedure, as reflected in the literature and from our experience, is discussed. PMID- 6216226 TI - Platelet activity in migraine. PMID- 6216227 TI - [Congenital erythrokeratodermia and Schnyder's deafness]. PMID- 6216228 TI - Heterogeneity of cytolytic and suppressor clones of alloactivated cells generated from soft agar colonies. AB - Long-term cell cultures (or clones) were developed from soft agar colonies of lymphocytes alloactivated in mixed leukocyte culture reaction (MLR). Two types of colonies were identified: upper colonies that grew on the agar surface, and lower colonies found within the agar layer. Virtually all cytolytic clones originated exclusively from the upper colonies. Two groups of cytolytic clones could be distinguished, one with strong and the other with weak proliferation upon restimulation. Upper clones were capable of inhibiting primary MLR proliferation and this appeared to be related to their cytolytic effect on the stimulator. Many noncytolytic lower clones were found to suppress primary MLR cultures. Considerable heterogeneity was apparent from differences in the magnitude of suppression and the ability of the clones themselves to undergo stimulator induced proliferation. Kinetic studies of MLR suppression were conducted to further analyze this heterogeneity. Two major kinetic patterns were observed. One showed a biphasic proliferation pattern of the MLR + clone culture. The first peak appeared to reflect an enhanced proliferation of the clone. The second phase seemed to represent diminished proliferation of the MLR responder. This type of suppression may be related to T cell growth factor depletion from MLR by the proliferating clone. The other kinetic pattern showed a consistently low proliferation of the MLR + clone culture throughout the 8-day assay period. Subsequent testing of these suppressor clones in third-party MLR cultures suggested that the specificity of suppression was unrelated to HLA-DR, MB, MT, and SB. PMID- 6216229 TI - Clinical perspectives for the use of new hypoxic cell sensitizers. PMID- 6216230 TI - Health care for handicapped adolescents: international legislative and policy trends. AB - Between 1970-1976, 45 countries enacted or made adjustments to laws on health care for the handicapped. This article explores some of the legal arrangements made to address the issue of health care for the handicapped adolescent. It reviews the legal definition of "handicapped" and analyzes the legislative support created for health care programs. Most programs are comprehensive. They focus on prevention, detection and reporting, as well as treatment and rehabilitation. Better care for disabled adolescents is one of the more important intended results of recent legislation directed to the handicapped. Rehabilitation has been increasingly recognized as a right. Prevention is an increasing focus. Legislation, however important, is only a beginning; it expresses the political will be create programs to address the issue. The challenge is to implement the law. PMID- 6216231 TI - Abdominal flap graft for repair of chronic diaphragmatic hernia in the dog. PMID- 6216232 TI - Production of a free chromophore component of neocarzinostatin (NCS) in the culture filtrate of Streptomyces carzinostaticus var. F-41. PMID- 6216233 TI - New polyenic antibiotics active against gram-positive and -negative bacteria. I. Isolation and purification of antibiotics produced by Gluconobacter sp. W-315. AB - A new antibiotic, tentatively named as AB-315, was isolated from the fermentation broth of Gluconobacter sp. W-315. The antibiotic consists of a mixture of chemically related compounds. These compounds showed similar profiles in UV absorbancy. The antibiotics were active against Gram-positive and -negative bacteria, slightly active against fungi but not against yeasts. PMID- 6216234 TI - New polyenic antibiotics active against gram-positive and -negative bacteria. II. Screening of antibiotic producers and taxonomical properties of Gluconobacter sp. W-315. AB - Antibiotic producing bacteria were selected using a new screening method. Eight strains of antibiotic producing bacteria, which required a spent medium of fungi for antibiotic production, were isolated. One of them, a potent producer of antibacterial antibiotic, designated strain W-315, had following taxonomical characteristics; aerobic, Gram-negative, rod shaped and polar flagellated. Furthermore, the organism could grow under acidic conditions (pH 4.5) and had a GC content of 64.4 mole per cent. We concluded that the strain W-315 belonged to Gluconobacter sp. When this bacterium was inoculated into Czapek-Dox medium, bacterial growth and antibiotic production did not occur. The antibiotic production was also not observed even when poor growth was observed in Czapek-Dox medium supplemented with ammonium sulfate. The nutritional requirements for the antibiotic production were also discussed. PMID- 6216235 TI - Spectinomycin modification. I. Catalytic N-demethylation of spectinomycin. PMID- 6216236 TI - Comparative studies of ticarcillin and mezlocillin plus sisomicin in Gram negative bacillary bacteraemia and bronchopneumonia. PMID- 6216237 TI - The role of humanities in medical education. PMID- 6216239 TI - Go! VMO! PMID- 6216238 TI - Parenteral cephalosporin antibiotics in clinical practice. PMID- 6216240 TI - Medical grand rounds: the management of the uncomplicated myocardial infarction. PMID- 6216241 TI - Viral gastroenteritis in infants. PMID- 6216242 TI - Fetal constriction rings. PMID- 6216243 TI - A second function of the S gene of bacteriophage lambda. AB - Infection of Escherichia coli by bacteriophage lambda caused an immediate inhibition of uptake by members of all three classes of E. coli active transport systems and made the inner membrane permeable to sucrose and glycine; however, infection stimulated alpha-methyl glucoside uptake. Phage infection caused a dramatic drop in the ATP pool of the cell, but the membrane did not become permeable to nucleotides. Infection by only one phage per cell was sufficient to cause transport inhibition. However, adsorption of phage to the lambda receptor did not cause transport inhibition; DNA injection was required. The inhibition of transport caused by lambda phage infection was transient, and by 20 min after infection, transport had returned to its initial level. The recovery of transport activity appeared to require a lambda structural protein with a molecular weight of 5,500. This protein was present in wild-type phage and at a reduced level in S7 mutant phage but was missing in S2 and S4 mutant phage. Cells infected with S7 phage had a partial recovery of active transport, whereas cells infected with S2 or S4 phage did not recover active transport. Neither the inhibition of transport caused by phage infection nor its recovery were affected by the protein synthesis inhibitors chloramphenicol and rifampin. PMID- 6216244 TI - Nucleoside salvage pathway for NAD biosynthesis in Salmonella typhimurium. AB - A previously undescribed nucleoside salvage pathway for NAD biosynthesis is defined in Salmonella typhimurium. Since neither nicotinamide nor nicotinic acid is an intermediate in this pathway, this second pyridine nucleotide salvage pathway is distinct from the classical Preiss-Handler pathway. The evidence indicates that the pathway is from nicotinamide ribonucleoside to nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) and then to nicotinic acid mononucleotide, followed by nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide and NAD. The utilization of exogenous NMN for NAD biosynthesis has been reexamined, and in vivo evidence is provided that the intact NMN molecule traverses the membrane. PMID- 6216246 TI - [Sport for the disabled. From clinical rehabilitation to high class sport]. PMID- 6216245 TI - Activation of chitin synthetase in permeabilized cells of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutant lacking proteinase B. AB - Digitonin treatment at 30 degrees C of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutant lacking proteinase B permeabilized the cells and caused rapid and extensive activation of chitin synthetase in situ. The same result was obtained with a mutant generally defective in vacuolar proteases. By lowering the temperature and using different permeabilization procedures, we showed that increases in permeability and activation are distinct processes. Activation was inhibited by the protease inhibitors antipain and leupeptin, but by pepstatin or chymostatin. Metal chelators were also inhibitory, and their effect was reversed by the addition of Ca2+ but not by Mg2+. Antipain added together with Ca2+ after incubation of the cells in the presence of a chelating agent prevented reversal of inhibition, a result that was interpreted as indicating that antipain acts either on the same step affected by Ca2+ or on a subsequent step. Efforts to obtain activation in cell-free extracts were unsuccessful, but it was possible to extract the synthetase, once activated, by breaking permeabilized cells with glass beads. Treatment of the cell-free extracts with trypsin led not only to increased activity of chitin synthetase, but also to a change in the pH-activity curve and a diminished requirement by the enzyme for free N-acetylglucosamine. These observations suggest that the modification undergone by the synthetase during endogenous activation is different from that brought about by trypsin treatment. PMID- 6216247 TI - Effect of halothane on the calcium activated ATPase reaction of fragmented sarcoplasmic reticulum in reference to the Ca-releasing action. PMID- 6216248 TI - Effect of local anesthetics on calcium activated ATPase and its partial reaction with fragmented sarcoplasmic reticulum from bullfrog and rabbit skeletal muscle. PMID- 6216249 TI - Structure and function of the membrane-integral components of the mitochondrial H+-ATPase. PMID- 6216251 TI - In vitro mercaptoacetylation of chromosomal proteins. Selective recovery of newly modified protein molecules. AB - Duck erythrocytes were incubated with the thiol-containing acetate analog 2 mercaptoacetate. The high mobility group proteins and histones were then extracted from the cell nuclei and the resultant protein mixtures subsequently were fractionated to their individual components by established procedures of selective trichloracetic acid precipitation and ion exchange and gel exclusion chromatography. The protein mixtures and the proteins derived from them were then subjected to mercury-affinity chromatography on organomercurial agarose columns, and it was found that significant amounts of all of the high mobility group proteins and core histones were bound by the columns. Furthermore, chymotryptic digestion of histone H4 from mercaptoacetate-treated cells and subsequent mercury affinity chromatography revealed that the only peptides which bound to the column were the NH2-terminal peptides, the ones containing the lysines known to be the normal sites of in vivo acetylation. Carboxymethylation of mercaptoacetate treated H4 with iodo[3H) acetate acid yielded 3H-labeled H4 and subsequent chymotryptic digestion showed that the only radioactive peptides were again those containing the lysines known to be the normal sites of enzymatic acetylation. These results and other biochemical evidence strongly indicate that the proteins of the histone and high mobility group classes which are known to be subject to postsynthetic acetyl transfer reactions can undergo postsynthetic mercaptoacetylation in vivo and that the sites of such modification are the same as those for normal acetylation. The phenomenon of mercaptoacetylation of chromosomal proteins affords a means for the selective recovery of newly modified protein molecules and their associated chromatin. PMID- 6216250 TI - A mouse lymphoma cell line resistant to the leukoagglutinating lectin from Phaseolus vulgaris is deficient in UDP-GlcNAc: alpha-D-mannoside beta 1,6 N acetylglucosaminyltransferase. PMID- 6216252 TI - Variation in the lipid composition of rabbit muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane with muscle type. AB - The compositions of sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) membranes from rabbit caudofemoralis, tibialus, and soleus muscles (fast, mixed, and slow twitch, respectively) were analyzed. Compared to caudofemoralis (fast twitch) SR, soleus (slow twitch) SR contained a significantly greater percentage of cholesterol, phosphatidylinositol, and sphingomyelin and a lesser percentage of phosphatidylcholine. Correlations between properties reported for the SR isolated from different muscle types and our analyses of the compositions are discussed. We suggest that the greater cholesterol content and the greater sphingomyelin to phosphatidylcholine ratio present in soleus SR contribute to decreased bilayer fluidity and, hence, decreased Ca2+-ATPase activity. PMID- 6216253 TI - Inhibition of N-linked complex oligosaccharide formation by 1-deoxynojirimycin, an inhibitor of processing glucosidases. PMID- 6216254 TI - Structural and functional properties of a Ca2+-ATPase from human platelets. AB - An antibody prepared against highly purified rabbit muscle Ca2+-ATPase from sarcoplasmic reticulum has been observed to cross-react with proteins in human platelet membrane vesicles. The antibody specifically precipitated Ca2+-ATPase activity from solubilized human platelet membranes and recognized two platelet polypeptides denatured in sodium dodecyl sulfate with Mr = 107,000 and 101,000. Ca2+-ATPase activity from Brij 78-solubilized platelet membranes was purified up to 10-fold. The purified preparation consisted mainly of two polypeptides with Mr approximately 100,000, and 40,000. The lower molecular weight protein appeared unrelated to Ca2+-ATPase activity. The Ca2+-ATPase in human platelet membrane vesicles exhibited "negative cooperativity" with respect to the kinetics of ATP hydrolysis. The apparent Km for Ca2+ activation of ATPase activity was 0.1 microM. Ca2+-dependent phosphorylation of platelet vesicles by [gamma-32P]ATP at 0 degrees C yielded a maximum of 0.2-0.4 nmol of PO4/mg of protein that was labile at pH 7.0 and 20 degrees C. This result suggests that only about 2-4% of the total protein in platelet membrane vesicles is the Ca2+-ATPase, which agrees with an estimate based on the specific activity of the Ca2+-ATPase in platelet membranes (20-50 nmol of ATP hydrolyzed/min/mg of protein at 30 degrees C). Calmodulin resulted in only a 1.6-fold stimulation of Ca2+-ATPase activity even after extensive washing of membranes with a calcium chelator or chlorpromazine. It is concluded that human platelets contain a Ca2+-ATPase immunochemically related to the Ca2+ pump from rabbit sarcoplasmic reticulum and that the enzymatic characteristics and molecular weight of the platelet ATPase are quite similar to those of the muscle ATPase. PMID- 6216255 TI - Purification and characterization of a Ca2+-dependent ATPase from rat heart sarcolemma. AB - The Ca2+-dependent ATPase was solubilized from rat heart sarcolemmal membranes upon digestion with trypsin and was found to be different from Ca2+-stimulated Mg2+-dependent ATPase (Dhalla, N. S., Anand-Srivastava, M. B., Tuana, B. S., and Khandelwal, R. L. (1981) J. Mol. Cell. Cardiol. 13, 413-423). The enzyme was purified by high speed centrifugation, ammonium sulfate fractionation, and column chromatography and was seen as a single protein band in nondenaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. In sodium dodecyl sulfate-acrylamide gels, the enzyme dissociated into two subunits or fragments with molecular weights of about 55,000 and 12,000. The molecular weight of the enzyme, estimated by gel filtration on a Sephadex G-100 column, was found to be about 67,000. The enzyme utilized ATP with a Km of 0.20-0.26 mM but was also able to utilize ITP, CTP, GTP, and ADP as substrates at much lower rates. It was activated by Ca2+ with a Ka of 0.13-0.21 mM; it was also activated by other cations in the order Ca2+ greater than Mn2+ greater than Sr2+ greater than Ba2+ greater than Mg2+. Divalent cations like Cu2+, Ni2+, and Mg2+ were potent inhibitors. The enzyme was insensitive to ouabain, verapamil, oligomycin, cyanide, and vanadate but was markedly inhibited by N-ethylmaleimide. Calmodulin failed to stimulate Ca2+ dependent ATPase and instead inhibited slightly. Unlike K+, Na+ produced a marked inhibition of the Ca2+-dependent ATPase activity, and this inhibition was associated with an 8- 10-fold decrease in the affinity of the enzyme for Ca2+. The competitive action of Na+ indicates that the Ca2+-dependent ATPase may be a site of Na+-Ca2+ antagonism in the cell membrane. PMID- 6216256 TI - Mitochondrial ribosome assembly in Neurospora. Structural analysis of mature and partially assembled ribosomal subunits by equilibrium centrifugation in CsCl gradients. AB - In Neurospora, one protein associated with the mitochondrial small ribosomal subunit (S-5, Mr 52,000) is synthesized intramitochondrially and is assumed to be encoded by mtDNA. When mitochondrial protein synthesis is inhibited, either by chloramphenicol or by mutation, cells accumulate incomplete mitochondrial small subunits (CAP-30S and INC-30S particles) that are deficient in S-5 and several other proteins. To gain additional insight into the role of S-5 in mitochondrial ribosome assembly, the structures of Neurospora mitochondrial ribosomal subunits, CAP-30S particles, and INC-30S particles were analyzed by equilibrium centrifugation in CsCl gradients containing different concentrations of Mg+2. The results show (a) that S-5 is tightly associated with small ribosomal subunits, as judged by the fact that it is among the last proteins to be dissociated in CsCl gradients as the Mg+2 concentration is decreased, and (b) that CAP-30S and INC 30S particles, which are deficient in S-5, contain at most 12 proteins that are bound as tightly as in mature small subunits. The CAP-30S particles isolated from sucrose gradients contain a number of proteins that appear to be loosely bound, as judged by dissociation of these proteins in CsCl gradients under conditions in which they remain associated with mature small subunits. The results suggest that S-5 is required for the stable binding of a subset of small subunit ribosomal proteins. PMID- 6216257 TI - Localization of type IV collagen, laminin, heparan sulfate proteoglycan, and fibronectin to the basal lamina of basement membranes. AB - Electron microscopic immunostaining of rat duodenum and incisor tooth was used to examine the location of four known components of the basement-membrane region: type IV collagen, laminin, heparan sulfate proteoglycan, and fibronectin. Antibodies or antisera against these substances were localized by direct or indirect peroxidase methods on 60-microns thick slices of formaldehyde-fixed tissues. In the basement-membrane region of the duodenal epithelium, enamel-organ epithelium, and blood-vessel endothelium, immunostaining for all four components was observed in the basal lamina (also called lamina densa). The bulk of the lamina lucida (rara) was unstained, but it was traversed by narrow projections of the basal lamina that were immunostained for all four components. In the subbasement-membrane fibrous elements or reticular lamina, immunostaining was confined to occasional "bridges" extending from the epithelial basal-lamina to that of adjacent capillaries. The joint presence of type IV collagen, laminin, heparan sulfate proteoglycan, and fibronectin in the basal lamina indicates that these substances do not occur in separate layers but are integrated into a common structure. PMID- 6216258 TI - Immune localization of calmodulin in the ciliated cells of hamster tracheal epithelium. AB - Melachronous beating of cilia of epithelial surfaces of most respiratory airways moves the overlying mucous layer in a caudal direction. The molecular mechanisms controlling ciliary beat remain largely unknown. Calcium, an element in its cationic form, is ubiquitous in biological functions and its concentration is critical for ciliary beating. Calmodulin, a calcium-binding protein which regulates the activity of many enzymes and cellular processes, may regulate ciliary beating by controlling enzymes responsible for mechanochemical movement between adjacent peripheral microtubule doublets composing the ciliary axoneme. As a first step in describing a calmodulin-related controlling mechanism for ciliary beating, calmodulin was localized in the ciliated cells lining the respiratory tracts of hamsters by electron microscopy, using an indirect immunoperoxidase technique with anticalmodulin antibodies as the molecular probe. Thin-sections revealed calmodulin located on microtubules and dynein arms of the ciliary shaft, basal body, apical cytoskeletal microtubules, and plasma membranes in specimens fixed with 1 mM Ca+2. Specimens fixed with less Ca+2 (1 microM), Mn+2, Mg+2, and EGTA showed a diffuse pattern of calmodulin with loci of greatest densities on basal body microtubule triplets. Demembranated specimens showed a less specific localization on axonemal microtubules but only on cells fixed with Ca+2. Calmodulin, by binding calcium, may function in ciliary beating in the respiratory tract of mammals either directly or indirectly through its effects on the energy-producing enzymes and by control of Ca+2 flux through plasma membranes. PMID- 6216259 TI - Mast cell clones: a model for the analysis of cellular maturation. AB - Cloned mouse mast cells resemble, by ultrastructure, immature mast cells observed in vivo. These mast cell clones can be grown in the absence of any other cells, facilitating direct investigations of their biochemistry and function. We find that cloned mast cells express plasma membrane receptors (Fc epsilon R) that bind mouse IgE with an equilibrium constant (KA) similar to that of normal mouse peritoneal mast cells. In addition, cloned mast cells do not display detectable la antigens and cannot enhance lg secretion when added to lymphocyte cultures or mediate natural killer lysis. In the presence of 1 mM sodium butyrate, cloned mast cells stop dividing and acquire abundant electron-dense cytoplasmic granules similar to those of mature mast cells. Their histamine content increases concomitant with cytoplasmic granule maturation and may exceed that of untreated mast cells by 50-fold. Unlike peritoneal mast cells, cloned mast cells incorporate 35SO4 into chondroitin sulfates rather than heparin. These findings demonstrate that, unlike fully differentiated mouse peritoneal mast cells, cloned immature mouse mast cells contain no heparin and low levels of histamine. In addition, they establish that high-affinity Fc epsilon R are expressed early in mast cell maturation, well before completion of cytoplasmic granule synthesis and mediator storage. PMID- 6216261 TI - Rapid method for the simultaneous analysis of hydrocortisone and clioquinol in topical preparations by high-performance liquid chromatography. AB - Reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatographic methods for the analysis of ointments containing hydrocortisone and clioquinol have been investigated. A successful method using a C18 column and methanol--0.05 M phosphoric acid (80:20) as eluting solvent has been developed which allows both compounds to be determined simultaneously. The high-performance liquid chromatographic procedure is rapid and sensitive whereas the assay described in the 1980 BP involves a different method for the analysis of each component of the ointment. The method has also been further applied to the analysis of ointments containing hydrocortisone combined with other halogenated hydroxyquinolines. PMID- 6216262 TI - Monocyte-dependent serum suppression of lymphocyte blastogenesis in Hodgkin's disease: an association with nephrotic syndrome. AB - A factor inhibitory to PHA-induced lymphocyte blastogenesis was found to be present in the serum of a patient with advanced Hodgkin's disease and nephrotic syndrome. The inhibitory activity for both syngeneic and allogeneic lymphocytes was dependent on the presence of peripheral blood monocytes. The Raji-cell serum assay, as well as immunofluorescence and light and electron microscopy of the renal biopsy, showed no evidence of immune complexes. Nevertheless, a high serum IgE level as well as the finding that ultracentrifugation and heating at 56 degrees C significantly reduced the inhibitory activity (P less than 0.01) suggested the possibility that an immune complex might have mediated the suppressive activity. Treatment of the Hodgkin's disease with combined chemotherapy caused a marked reduction in the monocyte-dependent serum inhibitory activity which in turn coincided with a prompt remission of the nephrotic syndrome and marked regression of disease. PMID- 6216260 TI - ATP reactivation of the rotary axostyle in termite flagellates: effects of dynein ATPase inhibitors. AB - The anterior end or head of a devescovinid flagellate from termites continually rotates in a clockwise direction relative to the rest of the cell. Previous laser microbeam experiments showed that rotational motility is caused by a noncontractile axostyle complex which runs from the head through the cell body and generates torque along its length. We report here success in obtaining glycerinated cell models of the rotary axostyle which, upon addition of ATP, undergo reactivation and exhibit rotational movements similar to those observed in vivo. Reactivation of rotational motility and flagellar beating of the models requires ATP or ADP and is competitively inhibited by nonhydrolyzable ATP analogs (AMP-PNP and ATP-gamma-S). N-ethylmaleimide, p-hydroxymercuribenzoate, and mersalyl acid also blocked reactivation of both the rotary axostyle and flagella. Vanadate and erythro-9-[3-(2-hydroxynonyl)]-adenine (EHNA) selectively inhibited flagellar reactivation without effecting rotational motility. These results, together with previous ultrastructural findings, suggest that the rotary axostyle does not operate by a dynein-based mechanism but may be driven by an actomyosin system with a circular arrangement of interacting elements. PMID- 6216263 TI - Changes in human T lymphocytes after thymectomy and during senescence. AB - Peripheral lymphocytes from individuals who had been thymectomized in adult life for myasthenia gravis (MG) or for other, nonimmunological reasons showed a moderate decrease in proliferative response capacity to several T-cell mitogens as compared to lymphocytes from normal individuals. The decrease of the response to mitogens and allogeneic lymphocytes was 20-30% within 5 years after thymectomy and about 50% more than 15 years after thymectomy. A comparable decrease in lymphocyte proliferative response capacity was found in healthy aged humans (68 97 years old). Analysis of T lymphocytes from both aged and thymectomized individuals with monoclonal (OKT) antibodies showed a similar pattern: the proportion of T lymphocytes binding OKT6, OKT10, or OKI1 were found. A biochemical parameter for human T-cell differentiation, the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) isoenzyme pattern, showed a significantly lower H/M ratio in the group of elderly people compared to young individuals. Furthermore, among patients thymectomized for MG, a significant correlation was observed between the LDH isoenzyme pattern of the T lymphocytes and the proliferative response to mitogens of these cells. In contrast, in healthy thymectomized individuals the LDH isoenzyme pattern appeared to be normal. These findings indicate that, after thymectomy or involution of the thymus, at least part of the peripheral blood T lymphocytes have properties different from those of the cells of young individuals. These cells might represent immature and/or not fully differentiated lymphocytes. PMID- 6216264 TI - Impaired T-lymphocyte colony formation by cord blood mononuclear cells. AB - When compared to adult mononuclear cells, cord blood mononuclear cells demonstrated significantly decreased T-lymphocyte colony formation (1351 +/- 643 vs 592 +/- 862, P less than 0.01). This diminished colony-forming activity did not appear to be associated with impaired responsiveness to the stimulant phytohemagglutinin or with excessive suppressor-cell activity. Irradiation reduced the colony-forming capacity of cord blood mononuclear cells more than it did that of adult mononuclear cells. Depletion of adherent cells reduced cord blood mononuclear-cell colony-forming capacity by 40%, while similar treatment reduced adult colony formation by 10%. Lymphocyte proliferation in liquid culture of cord and adult cells was minimally affected by these procedures. The colony forming capacity of cord blood could be enhanced by the addition of irradiated adult cells (284 +/- 72 vs 752 +/- 78, P less than 0.01). This enhancement was demonstrated to be due to a soluble factor produced by a population of irradiated adult cells depleted of the OKT8+ subpopulation of lymphocytes. These results indicate that the progenitor cells of T-lymphocyte colonies in cord blood have distinct biologic characteristics when compared to colony progenitors present in adult blood. This assay may prove to be useful in our efforts to understand the differentiation of T-cell function in man. PMID- 6216265 TI - Effect of indomethacin on phytohemagglutinin-stimulated peripheral blood lymphocytes in thyroid autoimmune diseases. AB - Suppressor lymphocyte function was evaluated in control subjects and in patients with autoimmune thyroid disease, utilizing an assay in which indomethacin was added to lymphocyte cultures to inhibit prostaglandin-producing suppressor cells. This assay is based on the observation that the addition of indomethacin, a potent prostaglandin synthesis inhibitor, to phytohemagglutinin-stimulated peripheral blood lymphocytes should cause an increase in the incorporation of iododeoxyuridine in control subjects and a smaller increase in diseases with reduced prostaglandin-producing suppressor cells. The addition of indomethacin, 1 microgram/ml, stimulated iododeoxyuridine incorporation in phytohemagglutinin stimulated cultures in control subjects to an index value of 1.43 (i.e., the increment in iododeoxyuridine incorporation with both indomethacin and phytohemagglutinin was 43% greater than the incorporation with phytohemagglutinin alone). The stimulation index was significantly lower in patients with Graves' disease who were toxic and untreated (1.18 +/- 0.25, mean +/- SD; P less than 0.003). Patients who were toxic while receiving antithyroid drugs or after radioiodine therapy or patients euthyroid after treatment had a mean stimulation index in the normal range, although the spread of data was very large in these groups. Responses in patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis were also quite variable. The average response was 1.74 +/- 0.72, with 40% of the patients showing a high stimulation index. This study supports our previous investigations in which we used different assay systems for measuring suppressor-cell function in patients with thyroid autoimmune diseases and indicates that a defect in suppressor lymphocyte function is measureable by another technique. The abnormality persists in some cases after metabolic control has been achieved, but usually returns toward normal over months or years. PMID- 6216266 TI - [Diagnostic imaging of skeletal disorders, with special reference to systemic diagnosis of malignant bone tumors]. PMID- 6216267 TI - [Therapeutic effect of magnetic field to backache]. PMID- 6216268 TI - The effect of semantic relations on the memory deficit associated with Parkinson's disease. AB - Analysis of a series of verbal memory experiments reveals a systematic performance deficit in subjects with Parkinson's disease, relative to matched normal and right-hemisphere stroke controls, in both recall and recognition tasks. Parkinson patients benefit less from semantic recall cues; they find semantically mediated synonym detections particularly difficult; and they show reduced benefits from the introduction of semantically novel material in a recall task. Their recall is as well organized semantically as that of normal controls, but reduced in amount. Recognition deficits arise principally from increases in false positive responses. PMID- 6216269 TI - The cutaneous manifestations of diabetes mellitus. PMID- 6216270 TI - Kerion of the glabrous skin. AB - Five patients had kerion celsi on the glabrous skin. Four of these were farmers, and one was a veterinarian. The lesions occurred on the distal part of the forearm of four patients and in the breast area of one patient, most occurring during the spring months. Several of the lesions were misdiagnosed as bacterial infections or nondermatophytic fungal infections and were treated as such. Our report calls attention to this atypical form of localized inflammatory infection caused by tinea. PMID- 6216271 TI - Airborne contact dermatitis caused by tulip bulbs. AB - A case of airborne contact dermatitis in a seedsman due to tulip bulbs is reported. The eczema finally involved the whole integument. It was caused by small particles from the outer layers of the bulbs, which arise when the bulbs are rubbed together. These particles, which contain the sensitizer tuliposide-A, contaminated the whole environment of the seed shop and the car and clothes of the patient. Epicutaneous tests were strongly positive with tuliposide-A as well as with an extract of the dust taken from the patient's office. PMID- 6216272 TI - A new look at conditioned hyperirritability. PMID- 6216273 TI - Boric acid poisoning. AB - The skin manifestations associated with boric acid intoxication are particularly striking. We present a case report of a 44-year-old black woman who, following a suicide attempt, demonstrated the classic features of acute boric acid poisoning. She developed generalized erythema creating a "boiled lobster" appearance with massive areas of desquamation. A discussion of the history of the use of boric acid by the medical profession follows the patient presentation. PMID- 6216274 TI - Allopurinol-induced suppressor T cell dysfunction. PMID- 6216275 TI - Comparison of group progressive-relaxation training and cognitive-behavioral group therapy for chronic low back pain. PMID- 6216276 TI - [Local heterogeneity of the basal cells of the epidermis]. PMID- 6216277 TI - Panhypogammaglobulinemia in systemic lupus erythematosus: in vitro demonstration of multiple cellular defects. AB - Classically, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a disease of antibody overproduction, whereas the hallmark of acquired immune deficiency is antibody underproduction. Two patients are presented in whom panhypogammaglobulinemia developed during the course of SLE. In both patients, the levels of the major immunoglobulin (Ig) classes did not fall simultaneously. Anti-DNA antibodies were present, and exacerbations of SLE nephritis occurred in both cases 6 to 8 yr after Ig levels became subnormal. One patient still requires immunosuppressive therapy for renal disease; both patients are experiencing recurrent sinopulmonary bacterial infections. In the pokeweed mitogen--stimulated Ig biosynthesis assay, both patients showed abnormal Ig production due to defective function of three cell types: hyporesponsive B cells, excessive T suppression, and subnormal T help. The latter defect is rare in common variable hypogammaglobulinemia. One patient also showed extreme suppression of Ig production by phagocytic mononuclear cells. Thus, despite the similarity in the histories, the cellular function of these two patients was not identical in vitro. PMID- 6216278 TI - Topical DNCB therapy for recalcitrant Verruca plantaris. PMID- 6216279 TI - Phage types of Staphylococcus aureus from pyoderma and carrier sites. PMID- 6216280 TI - Carbonic anhydrase in the type I skeletal muscle fibers of the rat. An immunohistochemical study. AB - The localization of carbonic anhydrase (CA) was studied in rat skeletal muscles with the use of immunohistochemical (peroxidase-antiperoxidase) method. CA was observed in all those fibers that also showed pH 4.3 stable actomyosin adenosine triphosphatase activity (type I fibers), but the reverse did not necessarily hold. More specifically, CA was apparently localized in I-bands, and a weak reaction was also observed in sarcolemma. The function of CA in muscle fibers is possibly connected with the greater demands on CO2 transport and buffer system in muscles adapted to long-lasting contractions. PMID- 6216281 TI - Alloreactive cloned T cell lines. VI. Multiple lymphokine activities secreted by helper and cytolytic cloned T lymphocytes. AB - Culture supernatants generated by alloantigenic or lectin stimulation of a cloned helper T lymphocyte, designated L2, contain interleukin 2 (IL 2), granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (CSF), B cell stimulating factor (BCSF), macrophage (Ia+)-recruiting factor (MIRF), (Ia+)-inducing activity, gamma interferon, Fc receptor-enhancing activity, macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), macrophage activation factor (MAF), interleukin 3 (IL 3), and a factor responsible for prolonging the synthesis and secretion of the fourth and second components of complement by guinea pig peritoneal macrophages. Erythropoietin was not detected. A spontaneously arising variant of L2, designated L2V, produces much lower quantities of macrophage-stimulating activities, IL 2, and interferon. However, when compared to L2, L2V produces much higher levels of BCSF, equivalent amounts of IL 3, and slightly smaller amounts of CSF. Unlike L2V, a cytolytic clone, designated L3, secretes lymphokines that primarily affect macrophage function. The time course of lymphokine production by L2 cells indicates that for the six lymphokine activities studied there are three different times at which maximal or near maximal levels are reached, as follows: 1) IL 2, 12 to 24 hr; 2) IL 3 and CSF, 24 to 48 hr; and 3) (Ia+)-inducing activity, MAF, and interferon, 48 hr or later. Only IL 2 activity disappears during the 8-day culture cycle. The time course data and the differential production of activities by the three types of lymphocyte clones suggest that at least four terminal effector lymphokine molecules account for the ten biologic activities tested. PMID- 6216282 TI - Allospecific human T cell lines and clones which mediate HLA-DR restricted helper activity. AB - In order to analyze the immunoregulatory activity of allospecific human T cells, we have combined the techniques of limiting dilution culture and IL-2 dependent T cell growth to generate cloned alloreactive T cell lines (TCL). These TCL have been expanded in continuous culture for greater than 8 mo with retention of stable phenotypic and functional characteristics. For example, phenotypic analysis of alloproliferative TCL, utilizing a panel of monoclonal antibodies, demonstrate that these cultures are comprised of T cells belonging exclusively to the T3+ T4+ T8- "helper" or "inducer" T cell subset. Coculture of cloned alloproliferative TCL cells with a panel of allogeneic stimulators reveals that these clones are specifically reactive against the HLA-DRw1 determinant. Of greater interest, coculture of selected alloproliferative TCL cells with DRw1+ but not DRw1- B cells results in a vigorous polyclonal response as measured by the reverse hemolytic plaque assay. Although major histocompatibility complex restriction of this T-B interaction operates at the inductive level, help is at least partially unrestricted at the effector level as alloantigen-activated TCL cells provide demonstrable, although not maximal, help for DRw1- B cells. PMID- 6216283 TI - MLR-specific suppressor T lymphocytes in man. II. Functional and membrane characteristics of a specific MLR suppressor subpopulation. AB - Human MLR-specific suppressor T lymphocytes were induced by in vitro cultivation of human peripheral T lymphocytes in the presence of soluble HLA-DR alloantigens isolated from normal serum. The suppression is specific in that responder cells autologous to the suppressor cells respond to allogeneic stimulating cells that express the same HLA-DR specificity as that recovered from serum and used to induce the suppressor cells. This antigen-specific suppressor T cell population could be divided into suppressor and non-suppressor subpopulations as a function of adherence to a 6MB Sepharose immunoadsorbent coated with the inducing HLA-DR soluble antigen. As a consequence of activation by soluble DR antigen, the suppressor T lymphocyte population as well as the column-enriched suppressor subpopulation express new membrane specificities that can be recognized by antisera from pluriparous women. The specificities that are recognized are not found on autologous, unstimulated B and T cells, nor do they appear to recognize conventional HLA-A,B,C or DR determinants. PMID- 6216284 TI - A comparison of PGE2 effects on human suppressor cell function and on interleukin 2 function. PMID- 6216285 TI - Direct demonstration of the human suppressor inducer subset by anti-T cell antibodies. AB - Prior studies indicated that sera of patients with active juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) contain anti-T cell antibodies reactive with the T4+ inducer population. More important, depletion of this T cell subset with JRA anti-T cell antibodies (JRA+ T cells) and C abrogated T5/T8+ suppressor T cell function. In the present study, we utilized Ig-coated plate techniques and JRA anti-T cell antibodies to fractionate the T4+ population into T4+JRA+ and T4+JRA- subsets and characterize the individual T4+ inducer subset. It was shown that whereas only the T4+JRA- population responded maximally to the soluble antigens, TT and mumps, both T4+JRA+ and T4+JRA- subsets proliferated equally well to mitogens and alloantigens. Furthermore, B cell immunoglobulin production induced by T4+JRA- T cells was approximately twice that induced by the reciprocal T4+JRA+ subset. In contrast, the T4+JRA+ subset alone activated T8+ T cells to become suppressor effector cells. These results suggest that the T4+JRA+ subset is the inducer of suppressor subpopulation whereas the T4+JRA- subset functions maximally as the inducer of B cells. It is believed that the suppressor inducer population may have a central role in the immunoregulatory network in man. PMID- 6216286 TI - Histamine-induced suppressor factor (HSF): inhibition of helper T cell generation and function. AB - The effect of histamine-induced suppressor factor (HSF) on the humoral immune response was examined with the model of polyclonal B cell activation induced during a primary mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC). The number of plaque-forming cells (PFC) generated during MLC was measured by a protein A plaque assay. HSF was produced by incubating lymphocytes from normal subjects with 10(-4) M histamine. The addition of HSF on day 0 to MLC-induced plaques reduced the mean number of IgG, IgM, and IgA PFC by 60 to 80%. HSF supernatants were active at a titer of 1/1000 and suppressed IgG, IgM, and IgA isotypes equally. To study the effect of HSF on the T helper cell component of this reaction, purified T lymphocytes were activated in undirectional MLC and subsequently combined with unprimed B cells to induce a polyclonal PFC response. HSF present during the generation phase of activated T cells or only at the time of co-culture inhibited the total PFC response by 83 +/- 13% and 76 +/- 23%, respectively. The expression of "Ia" and autologous DR antigens normally detected on 50 to 62% of activated T cells generated during MLC were reproducibly reduced to 20% in the presence of HSF. Similarly, the polyclonal B cell response inducible by MLC-derived helper factors (1500 IgG PFC/10(6)) was markedly inhibited. Thus, HSF inhibits MLC induced polyclonal B cell activation by interfering with the generation and effector function of T helper cells as well as the B cell response to preformed helper factors. PMID- 6216287 TI - Inhibition of tumor growth by monoclonal anti-I-J antibodies. AB - In this paper we have examined the effects of i.v. administered monoclonal anti-I J antibodies on tumor growth in syngeneic and semi-syngeneic hosts. These antibodies inhibit tumor growth in mice bearing the appropriate I-J-encoded gene product on their lymphoid cells at nanogram dosages. The spleens of monoclonal anti-I-J-treated primary tumor-bearing mice do not contain transferable tumor specific cells. These findings suggest that inhibition of suppressor cell function may be the mechanism by which anti-I-J antibodies inhibit tumor growth. We have also demonstrated that tumors growing in F1 hybrid mice are inhibited by monoclonal anti-I-J antibodies reactive with either parental haplotype and that there is no evidence of synergy when both antibodies are administered simultaneously. This may indicate that I-J molecules are codominantly expressed on a critical component of the F1 suppressor pathway. PMID- 6216288 TI - Pretreatment with minor histocompatibility antigens prevents the development of functional CTL helper cell activity. AB - We have been studying the regulation of allogeneic cytotoxic cells (CTL) in vivo. CBA/J (H-2k, mls d) responder mice are unable to develop CTL after an allogeneic footpad immunization if they are pretreated i.p. with spleen cells from either C3H/HeN (H-2k, mls c) or B10.BR (H-2k, mls b) mice. These mouse strain combinations are H-2 compatible but differ at the Mls and other minor histocompatibility loci. We reported that this state of CTL unresponsiveness is specific and that the allogeneic cells used for footpad immunization and the pretreatment strain must share both minor antigens and part of the MHC. In this paper, we describe some of the characteristic features of this CTL unresponsiveness. The CBA host plays an active role and appears to down-regulate its subsequent response against minor antigens after the initial pretreatment. This statement is based on the following: 1) The inhibition of in vivo CTL generation can be achieved by injecting F1 or irradiated C3H cells, i.e., under conditions where GVHD was not a factor; and 2) the state of unresponsiveness is abolished by host treatment with cyclophosphamide. In addition, we demonstrate that the lack of CTL development in pretreated responder animals is the result of impaired helper cell activity. Draining LNC from unresponsive mice can become functionally cytolytic if cultured in a Con A-activated spleen cell supernatant. However, normal CTL responses were not restored after adult thymectomy or splenectomy. Thus, the state of CTL inhibition that is induced by the minor antigen pretreatment is the result of a host-mediated regulatory circuit. PMID- 6216289 TI - An improved solid-phase immunoassay for anti-GBM antibodies. AB - A solid-phase immunoassay has been developed for the detection of anti-glomerular basement membrane (GBM) antibodies in the circulation of patients with Goodpasture's syndrome and one form of rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis. The procedure involves the formation of a covalent linkage between the antigen and a solid support disc. Antibodies bound to the antigen are then detected on a fluorometer using fluorescein-labeled antisera to human immunoglobulins. The assay is easy to perform, fast, inexpensive and has been optimized with respect to sensitivity, range and reproducibility. PMID- 6216290 TI - Enrichment (and depletion) of human suppressor cells with monoclonal antibodies and immunoglobulin-coated plates. AB - A cell separation method using immunoglobulin (Ig)-coated plates, originally devised for murine spleen cells, was modified and adapted for enrichment (and depletion) of cellular subpopulations from human peripheral blood. For the direct separation of B and T cells, F(ab')2 fragments of anti-human Ig were used to coat the plates. For indirect separation, the cells were first incubated with monoclonal antibodies to cell surface antigens and then separated in plates coated with anti-mouse Ig. Plates were first coated with poly-L-lysine to facilitate the adherence of anti-Ig antibodies, and finally with bovine serum albumin to mask free poly-L-lysine. Cells which did not react with the anti-Ig antibodies or which were nonadherent to the plate were pipetted off; cells which reacted with the anti-Ig antibodies or which were adherent were eluted after incubation with excess serum. T, non-T, T4+, T4-, T8+, and T8- lymphocytes were separated with high viability, purity, and yield. The method was used to study suppressor activity of a patient who was treated by bone marrow transplantation for myelofibrosis. Strong suppressor activity was associated with unfractionated peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes, monocytes, T, T8+, and T4- cells but not with B, T8-, and T4+ cells. PMID- 6216291 TI - Effects of various isolation methods for human peripheral lymphocytes on T cell subsets determined in a fluorescence activated cell sorter (FACS), and demonstration of a sex difference of suppressor/cytotoxic T cells. AB - The effects of various methods for removal of monocytes and residual erythrocytes from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) on T cell subsets were examined. T cell subsets were determined in a fluorescence activated cell sorter (FACS) using fluorescein-conjugated monoclonal antibodies (anti-Leu-1, anti-Leu 2a and anti-Leu-3a antibodies). Removal of monocytes by methods based on adherence or phagocytosis decreased yields of lymphocytes and caused changes in the percentage and/or the fluorescence intensity of T cell subsets. Exclusion of monocytes from the FACS analysis by setting of the scatter gates was incomplete (about 80%). Removal of residual erythrocytes after Ficoll separation by ammonium chloride treatment also changed the percentage of T cell subsets. A method using PBMC without removal of monocytes and erythrocytes was chosen as best and simplest for routine use in FACS analysis of lymphocytes. Erythrocytes could be excluded from the FACS analysis by setting the scatter gates and the percentage of T cell subsets was corrected after measurement of monocytes, identified by peroxidase staining. The reproducibility of measurements of T cell subsets made at different times was examined using PBMC obtained from the same healthy man during 12 weeks. For standardization of the assay, the peak positions of scatter and fluorescence intensity of each PBMC labeled with anti-Leu-3a were adjusted to standard values in each FACS analysis. Under these conditions, variations of other parameters of this standard PBMC were very small in 12 different assays. Using this standard PBMC, satisfactory, reproducible results were also observed on PBMC obtained from another normal subject. Therefore, this standard PBMC labeled with anti-Leu-3a was used as a standard in FACS analysis. Under these accurately standardized conditions, it was demonstrated that the peak position of fluorescence intensity of Leu-2a (suppressor/cytotoxic T) cells was significantly lower (P less than 0.01) in women than in men. PMID- 6216292 TI - Photosensitive reactions to thiazide-related diuretic agents. PMID- 6216294 TI - Alcoholism and dental care. PMID- 6216293 TI - Activated alveolar macrophages: IgG and complement receptors. AB - Receptors for IgG and C on PM populations can be modulated by activation. AM populations constantly exposed to environmental particulates may not be subject to changes of IgG and C receptors after activation. We compared normal and activated rabbit AMs and PMs. Activation was accomplished by treatment with intravenous BCG or intratracheal Micropolyspora faeni. We examined the ability of these AM populations to attach to (form rosettes) and phagocytize SRBC coated with varying concentration of IgG or C. Compared to normal AMs, activated AM populations formed more rosettes with SRBC coated with IgG or C and phagocytized more via the IgG receptor. PMs from BCG-treated rabbits did not form more rosettes with IgG- or C-coated SRBC but demonstrated more IgG-mediated phagocytosis than did normal PMs. C-mediated phagocytosis occurred in AM populations from only five of 25 BCG-treated rabbits and two of 20 normal rabbits. The TG broth-induced rabbit PM also exhibited a low level of C and IgG mediated phagocytosis compared to the mouse TG broth-induced PM. We conclude that rabbit AM IgG and C receptors can be altered by events that activate AMs. C mediated phagocytosis is much lower in rabbit macrophages (both AMs and PMs) than in activated mouse PM populations. IgG-mediated phagocytosis can be used as an index of rabbit AM activation. PMID- 6216295 TI - [Digestive hemorrhage caused by seromuscular erosion of the wall of a section of the small intestine at the level of an aortic prosthesis implanted 5 years earlier]. AB - A new paraprosthetic enteric fistula case between the small bowel and the body of a Dacron aortobifemoral prosthesis is presented. That complication happened five years after the initial reconstruction and the fistula does not interest an anastomotic site. A process is rare (22 published cases); if symptomatology is often less important than complete fistulas, surgical therapy must be aggressive to be effective. PMID- 6216296 TI - [Coarctation of the thoraco-abdominal aorta. Problems of surgical methodology]. AB - Coarctations of the thoraco-abdominal aorta are rare malformations. Whilst determining the need for surgery, in general because of hypertension, raises few problems, the choice of surgery tactics gives rise to discussion. The choice must above all take into account the risks of visceral ischaemia, in particular affecting the spinal cord, the causes of which are at one and the same time technical (total aortic clamping, sacrifice of the intercostal arteries) and haemodynamic (blood pressure variations). Under such conditions, it would seem necessary to reject resection-suture. Discussion is thus limited to aortoplasty with a widening patch, which is suitable in particular for short stenoses of easy access and to by-pass from ascending aorta to abdominal aorta, electively more indicated in cases of extensive coarctation with severe periaortitis, though the long-term fate of such by-passes remains uncertain. PMID- 6216297 TI - T wave changes in the right precordial leads in seven- and eight-year-old children during a Valsalva manoeuvre. AB - The T waves in the right precordial leads were analyzed in 106 eight-year-old and 90 seven-year-old unselected healthy children. Recordings during relaxation were compared with those obtained during a Valsalva manoeuvre. In the relaxed state only three children in each age group showed a positive T wave in lead V1, while during the Valsalva manoeuvre 90 of the 106 eight-year-old and 55 of the 90 seven year-old children converted to a positive T V1. The difference is highly significant in both age groups and both sexes (p much less than 0.001). Minor changes towards more positive T V2 and T V4 were also found. PMID- 6216298 TI - The evaluation of left and right ventricular hypertrophy in combined ventricular overload by electrocardiography: relationship with the echocardiographic data. AB - The electrocardiographic and echocardiographic (M-mode) data were analyzed in 29 patients affected by mitral or combined mitral and aortic valve disease and with hemodynamically documented biventricular overload. No electrocardiographic parameter significantly correlated with the left ventricular internal dimension at end diastole (LVIDd), the left posterior wall (LVPW) thickness and the left ventricular mass (LV mass). A significant correlation was observed between the R/S ratio in V1 and V2, the rV1 and either the end-diastolic right ventricular internal dimension (RVIDs) or the pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP). The R/S ratio greater than or equal to 1 in V1 was the most sensitive among the conventional electrocardiographic criteria of right ventricular enlargement. Three groups of patients were selected on the basis of RVIDd and LV mass: Group A included nine patients with right ventricular dilatation and normal LV mass; Group B included ten patients without right ventricular dilatation and with increased LV mass; Group C included ten patients without right ventricular dilatation and with normal LV mass. The R/S ratio in V1 was significantly greater in patients in group A than in those in groups B or C. No electrocardiographic parameter was found to be significantly different between groups B and C. When only LV mass was considered (independently from RVId and PASP), no electrocardiographic parameter differentiated patients with LV mass greater than 203 g from those with LV mass less than 203 g. We conclude that in patients with biventricular overload secondary to acquired valvular disease: 1) the electrocardiographic diagnosis of left ventricular enlargement is unreliable; and 2) the R/S ratio in V1 is the most sensitive parameter to predict right ventricular enlargement or severe pulmonary hypertension. PMID- 6216299 TI - Mortality in relation to the functional capacities of people with disabilities living at home. AB - The mortality experienced by a group of 1534 impaired people identified by means of a census-type survey of all households in the City of Canterbury is related to the degree of difficulty in carrying out selected self-care activities as reported by the impaired people. Although not entirely consistent, the findings in relation to people in their own homes agree with previously reported findings among patients in long-stay hospitals and residents in institutions that increasing difficulties in self-care (and therefore of dependency) are associated with increased mortality rates. These findings suggest that there is no clear boundary between some services for disabled people and those for terminal care, and that many severely handicapped people at home require co-ordinated and flexible care from nurses, social workers, and doctors. PMID- 6216300 TI - Perinephric abscess and chronic low back pain. PMID- 6216301 TI - [50th anniversary of the Otorhinolaryngology Society of Lyons and the Region. The 1st of March 1931]. PMID- 6216302 TI - [E.N.T. carcinology in the last 25 years]. PMID- 6216303 TI - [Perspectives in otology]. PMID- 6216304 TI - [Otorhinolaryngology and human communication]. PMID- 6216305 TI - [The phoneme and the ear]. PMID- 6216306 TI - [The surgical development of otoneurology]. PMID- 6216307 TI - [Development of ideas on the treatment of cicatricial laryngotracheal stenosis]. PMID- 6216308 TI - [Clinical case. Post-otitic thrombosis of a single lateral sinus]. PMID- 6216309 TI - [Myringoplasty technics]. PMID- 6216310 TI - [Problems posed by diffuse laryngeal papillomas in adults. Apropos of 2 case reports]. PMID- 6216311 TI - [The facial sinuses]. PMID- 6216312 TI - [An unusual form of maxillary sinus cancer]. PMID- 6216313 TI - [Secondary cancers of the thyroid]. PMID- 6216314 TI - [Sawashima's operation in unilateral laryngeal paralysis]. PMID- 6216315 TI - [Value of the lateral extramucous approach to the pharyngolarynx]. PMID- 6216316 TI - [Hypercoagulability in pharyngolaryngeal cancers]. PMID- 6216317 TI - [Partial surgery of the larynx: technics, indications]. PMID- 6216318 TI - [Esophageal endoscopy in patients with ORL. cancer and esophageal cancer. Indications, technics and results]. PMID- 6216320 TI - [Manometry of the maxillary sinus]. PMID- 6216319 TI - [Late surgery of harelip]. PMID- 6216321 TI - [Clinical event: acquired ear syphilis]. PMID- 6216322 TI - [Trial of pediatric quam in common ORL. infections in children]. PMID- 6216323 TI - Stimulation of tubulin-dependent ATPase activity in microtubule proteins from porcine brain by vinblas tine. AB - Vinblastine, a plant alkaloid which inhibits tubulin polymerization, stimulated an ATPase activity in microtubules. When microtubule proteins were separated into microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) and tubulin by phosphocellulose column chromatography, vinblastine did not stimulate an ATPase activity recovered in the MAPs fraction unless tubulin was present. Therefore, vinblastine is considered to act through its binding to the tubulin molecule on MAPs ATPase. Divalent cations that activate tubulin-dependent MAPs ATPase activity were also required for the stimulation by vinblastine. In the presence of Ca2+ and vinblastine the ATPase activity was most active and the extent of stimulation reached about 200% of the original level in the absence of vinblastine. Half-maximal stimulation was attained when the molar ratio of vinblastine to tubulin was 0.5. The concentration of tubulin for half-maximal stimulation was increased in the presence of vinblastine, while divalent cation requirements were decreased. Several factors such as KCl (100 mM), alkaline pH (pH 7.5), and low temperature (10 degrees C) were not responsible for the disappearance of the stimulation. Vincristine stimulated tubulin-dependent MAPs ATPases activity as vinblastine did, whereas the activity was scarcely affected by colchicine, podophyllotoxin, strychnine, and chlorpromazine. Actin had no effect on MAPs ATPase activity in the absence and presence of vinblastine when it was used in place of tubulin. PMID- 6216324 TI - Calcium-activated ATPases in presynaptic nerve endings. AB - We studied the properties of calcium-activated ATPases present in preparations of isolated presynaptic nerve ending (synaptosome) and its subfractions from mouse brain. ATPase activity in the preparation was stimulated by Ca2+ and by Mg2+, but not by Na+ and K+, when each was added alone. The substrate specificities were found to be similar. The ATPases hydrolyzed only the high-energy phosphate bond and similar activity was exhibited for all nucleoside triphosphates tested (ATP, CTP, GTP, UTP). Moreover, the enzymes were insensitive to mitochondrial markers and to ouabain, but were inhibited by La3+. La3+ produced uncompetitive inhibition of Ca2+-ATPase in intact synaptosomes. Inhibition by La3+ was greatly increased after lysis of the synaptosomes, suggesting that the active sites of the enzymes may be on the cytosolic face of the membranes. The Ca2+-ATPase activity in synaptosomes was increased by increasing concentrations of external K+, suggesting that Ca2+ influx may be involved The Ca2+-ATPase in synaptosomal plasma membranes and synaptic vesicles had higher specific activities than those of intact synaptosomes and were activated, both in the presence and the absence of Mg2+, by Ca2+ concentrations approximating the intracellular level (10(-7) M). It is concluded that the nonmitochondrial synaptosomal Ca2+-ATPase may play an important role in the regulation of intracellular Ca2+. PMID- 6216325 TI - Origin of the bicarbonate stimulation of Torpedo electric organ synaptic vesicle ATPase. PMID- 6216326 TI - Insulin-induced hypoglycaemia does not abolish chorea. PMID- 6216327 TI - Experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. Early T cells and TG cells are separate subpopulations. AB - To investigate whether previously described fluctuations in circulating early T cell levels reflected a change in suppressor activity, early T cell and TG cell values were determined in guinea pigs with acute and chronic experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) and normals. It was found that while both subpopulations showed similar changes in EAE, particularly decreases during periods of clinical worsening, changes in the two subpopulations were not always synchronous. Also, similar levels of TG cells could be found both in isolated early and isolated late (total) T cells. These two lines of evidence indicate that early T cells and TG cells are heterologous populations and that early T cells do not reflect suppressor activity, findings in accord with a similar, recent study on multiple sclerosis. PMID- 6216328 TI - Morphological abnormalities of erythrocyte membrane in the hereditary neurological disease with chorea, areflexia and acanthocytosis. AB - A study with freeze-fracture electron microscopy was made on erythrocyte membrane in 5 patients with the hereditary neurological disease with chorea, areflexia, and acanthocytosis (Levine et al. 1968). Fixed or unfixed specimens from circulating blood were processed by the freeze-fracture technique, and the distribution of the intramembranous particles was studied. A significant increase in areas without intramembraneous particles (IMP-free areas) was found in all cases with the disease as compared to normal subjects. The group mean value of IMP-free areas was 0.11 +/- 0.01 X 10-2 micrometer2/micrometer2 fracture face in the normal P face and 0.10 +/- 0.04 in the normal E face, compared with 1.77 +/- 0.49 in the P face and 1.33 +/- 0.17 in the E face in material from patients. Although abnormalities in lipid metabolism or membrane properties of erythrocytes have not been revealed in this condition hitherto, the present data suggest an abnormality of membrane fluidity due to abnormal lipid metabolism in this unique disease with neurological disorders and acanthocytosis. PMID- 6216329 TI - Perfusion scintigraphy (Tc-99m MAA) during surgery for placement of chemotherapy catheter in hepatic artery: concise communication. AB - In 17 patients receiving regional hepatic chemotherapy, Tc-99m macroaggregated albumin imaging was used to aid arterial catheter placement and to assess perfusion patterns. Intraoperative imaging with a portable gamma camera allowed immediate monitoring of hepatic and extrahepatic perfusion patterns and assisted catheter manipulation when necessary to achieve optimal flow distribution. In all 12 patients with standard hepatic arterial anatomy, complete perfusion of both lobes of the liver was achieved, although three of them required intraoperative catheter manipulation and repeat imaging after initial placement. The remaining five patients had aberrant hepatic arterial anatomy, and complete perfusion was more difficult to achieve; they exemplified the need for dual catheters, ligation of accessory hepatic branches, and repeated imaging. PMID- 6216330 TI - Measurement of left-to-right shunts by gated radionuclide angiography: concise communication. AB - Gated cardiac blood-pool scans allow comparison of left- and right-ventricular stroke volume. We have applied these measurements to the quantification of left to-right shunts (QP/QS) in nine patients with atrial septal defects, one patients with partial anomalous pulmonary venous return, four patients with ventricular septal defects, and two patients with patent ductus arteriosus. None of these patients had combined lesions. QP/QS was measured as the right-ventricular (RV) stroke counts divided by the left-ventricular (LV) stroke counts and as the LV stroke counts divided by the RV stroke counts in patients with RV and LV diastolic volume overload respectively. All patients had also QP/QS measurements by oximetry and first-pass radionuclide angiography. The stroke-count measurements indicated the overloaded ventricle in all patients. QP/QS determined by equilibrium gated studies correlated well with those obtained by oximetry (r = 0.79). Reproducibility of the equilibrium measurements was good. We conclude that gated cardiac blood-pool scans can measure left-to-right shunts and can distinguish between shunts with RV and LV volume overload. PMID- 6216331 TI - Perfusion brain scan with 99mTc-albumin microspheres: clinical application and diagnostic significance. PMID- 6216332 TI - Adrenarche as a cause of benign pseudopuberty in boys. AB - We found elevations of plasma dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate (DHAS) in five boys, 5.5 to 10.3 years of age (group A), with premature pubarche (pubic hair development) or acne as an isolated phenomenon. Four boys (group B) with seemingly idiopathic premature pubarche (DHAS normal for age) were discovered to have above-average dehydroepiandrosterone levels. All of these boys with premature pubarche had some evidence of cerebral dysfunction or were obese. Plasma testosterone values and bone age were not markedly increased in either group. In each case studied, the patterns of plasma steroid intermediates before and after administration of adenocorticotropin were typical of adrenarche rather than of congenital adrenal hyperplasia or Cushing syndrome. In addition, DHAS was dexamethasone suppressible, and in those patients in whom nocturnal testosterone sampling or gonadotropin-releasing hormone testing was performed, no evidence of true puberty could be found. Fifteen percent of our normal male volunteers over 10 years of age developed pubarche with plasma DHAS levels over 120 micrograms/dl without evidence of true puberty. Thus pubarche as an isolated phenomenon does not necessarily indicate a virilizing disorder or true puberty. In the majority of cases, isolated pubarche appears to be the result of isolated adrenarche, the maturational increase in adrenal production of 17-ketosteroids. PMID- 6216333 TI - Renal excretion of R- and S-epimers of moxalactam in dogs. PMID- 6216334 TI - Fusimotor reflexes in triceps surae elicited by natural stimulation of muscle afferents from the cat ipsilateral hind limb. AB - 1. Experiments were performed in forty-one cats anaesthetized with chloralose.2. The aim of the study was to investigate whether activity in stretch-sensitive muscle receptors may cause reflex effects in fusimotor neurones.3. Activity in fusimotor neurones was studied indirectly by recording from primary and secondary muscle spindle afferents of the triceps surae muscle. The mean rate of firing of the afferents as well as either dynamic index (during ramp extension) or modulation (during sinusoidal extension) was determined. This was done under control conditions, with the posterior biceps-semitendinosus muscles relaxed, and under test conditions, with the same muscles extended.4. All together, seventy one primary afferents were studied quantitatively. Pure or predominantly dynamic effects were observed in twenty-two, pure or predominantly static effects in nine and no statistically significant effects in forty of the units. Amongst seven secondary afferents studied, two showed weak fusimotor activation, the other five were not influenced.5. Electrical stimulation of the posterior biceps semitendinosus or medial gastrocnemius nerves at group II strength was observed to cause dynamic fusimotor reflexes on a number of occasions.6. The reflex effects observed were, on many occasions, recorded in spinalized preparations.7. The reflex effects were not accompanied by any detectable e.m.g. activity in triceps, as judged from surface e.m.g. recordings. The reflex effects observed are therefore tentatively ascribed to activation of gamma-motoneurones, yet a contribution from beta-motoneurones cannot wholly be excluded.8. On the basis of available evidence concerning reflex connexions to gamma-motoneurones from various muscle afferents, it is suggested that the effects observed were caused by activation of muscle spindle secondary endings. PMID- 6216335 TI - Short- and long-term effects of paralysis on the motor innervation of two different neonatal mouse muscles. AB - 1. A study was made of short- and long-term effects of paralysis induced by type A botulinum toxin on the development of innervation of mouse muscles. The toxin was injected locally over the tensor fasciae latae (t.f.l.) and gluteus muscles at various times after birth, and the innervation was later examined by intracellular recording and by a histological technique using a reduced silver stain for axons.2. Paralysis induced at 0-4 days of age delayed but did not prevent the eventual elimination of nearly all focal multiple innervation in gluteus muscle fibres, whereas in t.f.l. up to 50% of the fibres remained focally innervated by more than one axon for at least 120 days. There was an associated reduction in the number of muscle fibres in t.f.l. of between 50 and 70%. The biggest reduction in the number of gluteus fibres was under 40%.3. In the t.f.l., paralysis begun at 6-9 days caused the extent of single-site polyneuronal innervation to increase above the level existing at the time of paralysis. Histologically this increase was seen to be due at least in part to the stimulation of nodal sprout growth from a limited number of nodes.4. Motor nerve terminal sprouts were evoked by paralysis at all ages. In mice injected before 4 days of age recovery from the toxin occurred rapidly and without the formation of ectopic synapses by sprouted motor terminals; however, intrafusal motor nerves also sprouted and established a permanent ectopic innervation on surrounding extrafusal muscle fibres.5. The following conclusions are drawn. (a) In some but not all muscles, neonatally induced paralysis can not only temporarily halt elimination of polyneuronal innervation but actually lead to an increase; it is suggested tentatively that this occurs only during the neonatal period because of the availability at that time of endoneurial pathways associated with normal polyneuronal innervation, rather than because of any special neuronal growth potential then. (b) Permanent establishment of focal polyneuronal innervation is due not to stability of presynaptic elements maintained past a critical developmental stage but is associated with substantial losses of muscle fibres, leading to a high ratio of nerve fibres to muscle fibres. PMID- 6216337 TI - Performance of normal and disabled Nigerian students on a selective attention task. AB - To determine to what extent disabled students may be selected and integrated into the regular schools in Nigeria, normal and blind students were compared for differences in selective attention in a task involving letters and numbers. It was predicted that, because of the sociocultural stigma attached to blindness, normal students (n = 21) would perform better than blind students (n = 21). The hypothesis was substantiated. PMID- 6216336 TI - Effect of fusimotor stimulation on ia discharge during shortening of cat soleus muscle at different speeds. AB - 1. In barbiturate-anaesthetized cats, the L7 and S1 dorsal and ventral roots were dissected to isolate functionally single afferents identified as primary endings of soleus muscle spindles, and motor filaments which exerted a fusimotor action on the afferents with limited action on extrafusal muscle. Up to seven filaments, with an action on a given primary ending, could be isolated and each was classified as exerting either a predominantly dynamic or static action.2. Combined stimulation of these filaments, at rates up to 200 impulses/s could maintain afferent firing during muscle shortenings at speeds up to 200 mm/s.3. Fusimotor stimulation could also maintain afferent firing at a target frequency of 100 impulses/s during muscle shortenings up to 200 mm/s. The timing, in relation to the onset of shortening, and the rates of fusimotor stimulation were found to be critical in achieving the target frequency.4. Sinusoidal modulation of the frequency of fusimotor stimulation was used to study the conditions required to achieve constant afferent firing in the face of imposed sinusoidal length changes.5. For given depths of modulation, the phase advance of fusimotor stimulation needed to produce minimum modulation of afferent firing (best compensation) increased with increasing frequency of the sinusoids. The compensation deteriorated with an increase in the frequency of the sinusoids and a change in the mean muscle lengths, although in some cases it could be restored by adjustments to the depth of modulation of fusimotor rate. This suggests that for movements of varying speeds and amplitudes, settings which are appropriate for shortening at a given velocity and mean muscle length, do not apply if either of these two variables are altered.6. These findings demonstrate that the fusimotor system is potentially capable of eliciting constant afferent firing as envisaged in the ;servo-assistance' hypothesis (Matthews, 1964, 1972; Stein, 1974). This, and the fact that constant afferent firing is not seen during normal unobstructed shortenings at velocities greater than 0.2 resting length/s (Prochazka, 1981), are used to argue that it is by choice rather than necessity that ;servo-assistance' (as defined above) is not employed during normal movements. However, servo-assistance of a different form (involving modulated spindle afferent feed-back from both agonists and antagonists) remains a viable alternative. PMID- 6216338 TI - [Is percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of the femoral and popliteal arteries a justifiable procedure? A discussion in relation to 58 attempts]. AB - Angioplasty of the femoral and popliteal arteries was attempted in 58 cases over a period of 2 years. Ideal cases for treatment by percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) are those with stenoses less than 3 cm or obliterations less than 6 cm in length where the onset was between 6 months and 2 years previously. Immediate success was obtained in 50 cases (86 patients), failures usually being observed in very advanced cases. Permeability after 2 years, by actuarial calculation, was observed in 85 p. cent of cases and there were 7 complications (12 p. cent) in the 58 patients, one of whom required urgent surgery. This method represents an alternative procedure to conventional surgical shunts in young subjects, those at high surgical risk, and those with lesions in two zones. These results illustrate the value of early diagnosis, by arteriography of the lower limbs, to detect recent lesions responding best to PTA and thus to gain time in the long and painful history of this disease. PMID- 6216339 TI - The physically handicapped student in medical school: a preliminary study. PMID- 6216340 TI - Medical care for special children. AB - Comprehensive health care planning can augment the educational programming for children with exceptional health and/or learning needs. The coordination of medical service and education is critically needed to reduce the traditional gulf between these two essential disciplines. Bridging this gulf will enable patients and their families, referral sources, and providers to collectively profit from the effort. PMID- 6216341 TI - Fluorides and periodontal disease: a review of the literature. PMID- 6216342 TI - Growth of bacteriophage Mu in Escherichia coli dnaA mutants. AB - In one-step growth experiments we found that bacteriophage Mu grew less efficiently in nonreplicating dnaA mutants than in dnaA+ strains of Escherichia coli. Phage development in dnaA hosts was characterized by latent periods that were 15 to 30 min longer and an average burst size that was reduced by 1.5- to 4 fold. The differences in phage Mu development in dnaA and dnaA+ strains were most pronounced in cells infected at a low multiplicity and became less pronounced in cells infected at a high multiplicity. Many of these differences could be eliminated by allowing the arrested dnaA cells to restart chromosome replication just before infection. In continuous labeling experiments we found that infected dnaA strains incorporated 5 to 40 times more [methyl-3H]thymidine than did uninfected cells, depending on the multiplicity of infection. DNA-DNA hybridization assays showed that greater than 90% of this label was contained in phage Mu DNA sequences and that only small amounts of the label appeared in E. coli sequences. In contrast, substantial amounts of label were incorporated into both host and viral DNA sequences in infected dnaA+ cells. Although our results indicated that phage Mu development is not absolutely dependent on concurrent host chromosomal DNA replication, they did strongly suggest that host replication is necessary for optimal growth of this phage. PMID- 6216343 TI - Lambdoid coliphage HK139 integrates between his and supD. AB - Phage HK139 is UV inducible and lambda homoimmune and has the host range of phi80. It can recombine with lambda as well as with phi80, and in the prophage form it is found integrated between the loci his and supD. PMID- 6216344 TI - Preliminary report comparing piperacillin and carbenicillin for complicated urinary tract infections. AB - Piperacillin is a new semisynthetic penicillin with a broad spectrum of in vitro activity against common gram-negative urinary tract pathogens. We compared the efficacy and safety of piperacillin versus carbenicillin in patients with complicated urinary tract infection. A total of 56 adult patients (mean age 55 years) in stable medical condition with 1 or more structural genitourinary abnormalities entered the study. Of these patients 27 were evaluated for antibiotic efficacy. There were 20 lower tract and 7 upper tract infections, of which 17 were acute and 10 were chronic. Patients were randomized into 2 groups: 17 patients with 18 organisms received single agent treatment with 181 mg. per kg. intravenous piperacillin daily for 6 days and 10 patients with 11 organisms received 270 mg. per kg. intravenous carbenicillin daily for 6 days. Infecting organisms were Escherichia coli 45 per cent, Proteus mirabilis 14 per cent, Klebsiella pneumoniae 14 per cent. Enterobacter species 10 per cent, Pseudomonas aeruginosa 7 per cent and so forth. Antimicrobial susceptibility assessed by measurement of minimal inhibitory concentration and disk diffusion zone size demonstrated superior activity of piperacillin over carbenicillin for most micro organisms tested. All patients responded clinically. The bacteriologic cure rate was 72 per cent at 5 to 9 days after therapy in both groups. Three patients who received piperacillin had urosepsis and were cured. No resistance emerged during therapy. Superinfections developed in 5 patients on carbenicillin (50 per cent) and in 4 patients on piperacillin (24 per cent), and none was resistant to piperacillin. Superinfections were attributed to catheterization and structural genitourinary abnormalities. The over-all incidence of adverse effects in patients on piperacillin was less than that of those on carbenicillin, 31 and 51 per cent respectively. Side effects in both groups were mild and did not require discontinuation of therapy. There were no significant alterations in fluid and electrolyte balance, or hematologic or renal function. PMID- 6216345 TI - Parastomal ileal loop hernia repair with marlex mesh. AB - We report a case of a complicated ileal conduit parastomal hernia that was repaired using marlex mesh. The characteristics of this material and the techniques of its use are described. When primary repair of a parastomal hernia is not possible without tension, marlex mesh may be used to reinforce or even to replace the fascia. The stoma may be brought out adjacent to or possibly even through the mesh. PMID- 6216346 TI - A new method for induction of fibrous renal artery stenosis in the pig designed for the study of percutaneous balloon catheter dilatation. AB - An open surgical method for the creation of experimental renal artery stenosis by ligation with chromic catgut is described. Microscopic examinations at different intervals demonstrated the development of fibrosis throughout the arterial wall. These stenoses seem to provide a suitable model for the study of the effects of balloon catheter dilatation. Previously reported techniques for experimental artery stenosis induction are briefly reviewed. PMID- 6216347 TI - The physically handicapped physician. PMID- 6216348 TI - [Huntington's chorea and anesthesia]. PMID- 6216349 TI - [Clinical evaluation of piperacillin in the field of obstetrics and gynecology]. AB - Piperacillin (PIPC) was administered to 4 cases with obstetrical and gynecological infections and the following results were obtained. 1. PIPC was administered by intravenous drip infusion with 4 g per day for 7--14 days. The clinical efficacy was excellent in 2 cases with postoperative parametritis and good in 2 other cases, 1 with infectious ovarian cystoma and 1 with intrauterine infection. In the latter 2 cases surgical treatment was combined. 2. In laboratory findings GOT and GPT were slightly elevated in 2 cases. The relation between the drug and the abnormality was unclear because these rises may be considered due to the anesthesia or the operation itself. PMID- 6216350 TI - [Evaluation of the clinical effect and tissue distribution of piperacillin in the field of obstetrics and gynecology]. AB - Piperacillin (PIPC) was administered to patients with obstetrical and gynecological infectious diseases and we studied its clinical effect and tissue distribution. 1. Clinical results. PIPC was administered to 26 patients at a dose of 2--4 g per day (twice a day) by dripping infusion over a period of 3--10 days (total 8--30 g). These included 16 cases with intrauterine infection, 1 with adnexitis, 4 with pelvic inflammatory disease and 5 with infections of the external genitalia. The clinical results were excellent in 11 cases, good in 13 cases and poor in 2 cases so that the overall efficacy rate was 92.3%. For bacteriological study 33 strains were isolated from 20 patients. These included Gram positive bacteria (6 strains), Gram negative bacteria (23 strains) and anaerobes (4 strains). After PIPC treatment 32 strains (including S. epidermidis 4 strains, E. coli 12 strains, K. pneumoniae 3 strains, E. aerogenes 2 strains, P. aeruginosa 2 strains and anaerobes 4 strains, etc.) disappeared except for 1 strain of K. pneumoniae which persisted. The disappearance rate was 97.0%. The only side effect observed was a slight case of malaise during the first administration day, however the relationship between the appearance of this symptom and the drug was unclear. No adverse reaction in laboratory findings was observed. 2. Tissue distribution. We determined the tissue concentration from 90 to 240 minutes after dripping infusion for 1 hour at a dose of 2 g. PIPC concentrations in these tissues including the endometrium, myometrium, cervix uteri, portio vaginalis, oviduct and ovary showed the highest level (18.0--11.7 micrograms/g) at 90 minutes after the beginning of administration. These values were 48.6--31.6% in respect to the uterine arterial blood level (37 micrograms/ml at 90 minutes after infusion). PMID- 6216351 TI - [Pharmacokinetic study of piperacillin in the field of obstetrics and gynecology]. AB - The following trial was conducted as a fundamental study in the application of piperacillin (PIPC) in the field of obstetrics and gynecology. A dose of 1 g was administered to 10 patients by intravenous injection and the concentrations of PIPC in the serum and the various tissues of the uterus were measured. This data was analyzed by the computer. 1. These concentrations were analyzed based on a two- or three-compartment model. We obtained the pharmacokinetic parameters and described the simulation curves. Correspondence was observed between the calculated and the actually determined concentrations. 2. PIPC was rapidly distributed to the tissues of the uterus and exhibited high concentrations. Transfer to these tissues correlated well with serum concentrations. PMID- 6216352 TI - [Fundamental and clinical studies on piperacillin in the field of obstetrics and gynecology]. AB - Fundamental and clinical studies were made on piperacillin (PIPC) and the results were obtained as follows. Serum and uterine tissue concentrations of PIPC were obtained from 36 to 215 minutes after intravenous single shot of 2 g of PIPC. The cervix uteri, endometrium and corpus uteri showed the highest antibiotic levels of 38.0, 43.0 and 33.0 mcg/g, respectively, at 65 minutes after injection, and oviduct and ovary showed the highest level of 31.5 and 28.5 mcg/g at 36 minutes. Its concentrations were sufficiently effective against the major pathogens (Gram negative bacilli and anaerobes) demonstrated in the field of obstetrics and gynecology. PIPC was administered 6 patients, including 3 of pelvic peritonitis (isolated organism was E. coli 1), 2 of acute endometritis (Klebsiella sp. 1, Peptococcus sp. + Bacteroides sp. 1) and 1 of acute adnexitis, in a dosage of 1 or 2 g twice or 3 times a day for a period of 5 to 8 days by intravenous administration or intravenous drip infusion. Clinical response was obtained excellent in 1 and good in 5. No adverse reaction as observed in any of the cases treated with PIPC, nor was there any marked changes in the laboratory findings. PMID- 6216354 TI - [Fundamental studies of transferred concentration of piperacillin into maternal serum, umbilical cord serum and amniotic fluid]. AB - In order to evaluate the clinical efficacy of piperacillin (PIPC) in the obstetrical field, 1 g of PIPC was intravenously administered to 45 normal term gravidas and PIPC concentrations in maternal serum, umbilical cord serum and amniotic fluid were determined. Fifty-three samples of maternal serum, 45 samples of umbilical cord serum and 44 samples of amniotic fluid were obtained at amniotomy and delivery. The results of these studies are summarized as follows. 1. Mean biological half life of PIPC in maternal serum administered to term gravidas was 61.43 minutes. 2. Placental transfer of PIPC concentration into umbilical cord serum was about 71% of maternal serum concentration after 1 hour. 3. There was no prominent difference in the PIPC concentrations of the amniotic fluid between the ruptured and unruptured cases. Fast transfer of PIPC into the amniotic fluid was recognized, such as 1 case was already raised to 4.3 micrograms/ml of PIPC in the amniotic fluid at 1 hour after administration. 4. The maternal serum and amniotic fluid concentration had a contrary relationship, and crossed each other at ca. 5 micrograms/ml of concentration after 2 hours and 50 minutes. Over a period of 6 hours and 20 minutes, the amniotic fluid concentration gradually increased. PMID- 6216355 TI - [Acquired heart diseases--postmyocarditic cardiomegaly]. PMID- 6216353 TI - [Fundamental and clinical studies of piperacillin in the field of obstetrics and gynecology]. AB - We conducted experimental and clinical tests on piperacillin (PIPC), a drug with a broad antibacterial spectrum, and achieved the following results. PIPC exhibited the following rather high therapeutic blood concentrations: 30--60 micrograms/ml at 1 hour after intravenous injection of 1 g of PIPC, 10 micrograms/ml at 2 hours after intravenous injection of 2 g of PIPC, 7.2 micrograms/ml at 1 1/2 hours after the completion of 1 hour dripping infusion of 1 g of PIPC, and 5.6 micrograms/ml up to 4 hours after the completion of 2 hours dripping infusion of 2 g of PIPC. The yield to the various uterine tissues is presented in decreasing order: the highest yield to ovary was about 40--50% of the blood level, followed by the uterine cervical region, portio vaginalis, myometrium and oviduct, the lowest yield, about 25--30% of the blood level was found in endometrium. We conducted a clinical test on 7 patients with infections of the sexual organs and it proved to be excellent in 3, good in 3, and ineffective in 1 case so that the overall efficacy rate was 85.7%. The patient in whom PIPC proved ineffective suffered from an underlying disease, namely the end stage of cervical cancer. One patient suffered from a slight headache but whether this side effect was due to administration of the drug is not clear. Absolutely no abnormal findings during laboratory tests which could be attributed to drug administration were made. Based on the above results, PIPC was judged to be an extremely useful drug in the treatment of infections in the obstetric and gynecological fields. PMID- 6216356 TI - [Postmyocarditic cardiomegaly. 7]. PMID- 6216357 TI - [On the occupational bronchiolitis obliterans and dermatitis caused by the use of agricultural chemicals]. PMID- 6216358 TI - Late changes in a bovine graft.--A case report. AB - We treated a Japanese man with aneurysmal dilatation of the bovine graft transplanted for femorofemoral bypass. The reconstruction was performed successfully by the replacement with a Dacron graft 29 months after the first operation. Aneurysmal dilation was observed over the entire length of the graft, and the wall of the graft was fragile. Disruption of collagen fibers and bleeding into the graft wall from the arteries which had been newly formed in abundance were extensive. The histological findings suggested that bovine grafts should be used for only a short period or for the replacement of small arteries. PMID- 6216359 TI - Subpopulations of human T-lymphocytes. XIX. T-cells and T-cells with receptors for IgMFc (T mu), IgGFc (T gamma), or IgAFc (T alpha) in the peripheral blood and regional lymph nodes of patients with untreated breast cancer. AB - Peripheral blood and regional lymph node mononuclear cells from 43 untreated patients with breast cancer were analyzed for the proportions of total T-cells and T-cells with receptors for the Fc portion of IgM (T mu), IgG (T gamma), or IgA (T alpha). Proportions of total T-cells and T mu cells both in peripheral blood and lymph nodes from breast cancer patients were comparable to those from health controls. The proportion of T gamma cells, however, was significantly (P less than 0.01) increased in the peripheral blood and lymph nodes from breast cancer patients as compared to that from controls. The proportion of T alpha in the peripheral blood was comparable; however, when compared to the number of T alpha cells in control lymph nodes, T alpha cells were increased (P less than 0.025) in the regional lymph nodes from patients with breast cancer. When data on the proportions of T-cells and T-cell subsets were analyzed according to the presence or absence of metastatic disease in the regional lymph nodes, the proportion of T gamma cells was significantly (P less than 0.025) higher in the peripheral blood from patients with metastatic disease than in patients with nonmetastatic disease. This study demonstrates an abnormality of T-cell subsets in the peripheral blood and the regional lymph nodes from patients with breast cancer. The significance of these observations is discussed. PMID- 6216360 TI - [Clinical and echocardiographic diagnosis of cardiomyopathy in patients with Friedreich's ataxia]. PMID- 6216362 TI - [Myocardial repair in infarction: parallels of clinico-laboratory indices, morphology and biochemistry of infarcted myocardium]. PMID- 6216361 TI - [Integral ECG and ventricular gradients, differential ECG, their diagnostic potentials]. AB - Synchronous recording of the integral ECG (IECG), ECG and is first derivative (DECG), made according to the original method, shows that the measurement of the amplitude of IECG elements can substitute the difficult calculations of the area of ECG waves, required for the determination of AQRS, AT and the ventricular gradient (G). On this basis the normal dimensions and directions of the AQRS, AT, G vectors were calculated in the frontal and horizontal planes, the typical changes were recorded in the blocks of the His' bundle, ischaemic heart disease and myocardial infarction. The offered methods of calculation make easily accessible the determinations of G in the right-angle system of coordinates, open new possibilities of the quantitative assessment of ST segment displacement. Recording of DECG permits one to detect P waves in those cases when they coincide with the QRS complex, with ST--T interval, which helps differential diagnosis of rhythm disorders of the heart. PMID- 6216363 TI - [Laparoscopy ascitic patients]. PMID- 6216364 TI - [Reinforcement of the abdominal wall with lavsan in patients with massive postoperative hernias]. PMID- 6216365 TI - [Inflammatory pseudotumors of the anterior abdominal wall with description of a case]. PMID- 6216366 TI - [Case of incarcerated hernia on Spieghel's line]. PMID- 6216367 TI - [A new concept for the pathogenesis of immune complex nephritis]. AB - For a long time it was considered that immune complex nephritis was caused by the deposition of circulating immune complexes. The way these complexes penetrate into the GBM has not been satisfactorily explained. Recently, especially in the case of sub-epithelial immune complex deposits, an in situ formation has been discussed. Positively charged molecules have a marked affinity for the negatively charged GBM and can act as a target (planted antigen) for circulating antibody. Furthermore they can readily penetrate the GBM even when their size exceeds 500,000 daltons, whereas aniocatiocatiocationic molecules of over 70,000 daltons are effectively excluded. The interaction of chemically cationized proteins with the GBM is dependent on the size and charge of the molecule. Cationized IgG fixes to the GBM when its pI exceeds 9.0, ovalbumin only when its pI exceeds 10.0. Highly cationised proteins can be detected for several hours in the GBM. The reaction with antibody leads to the formation of sub-epithelial deposits which persist for weeks or even months in the GBM. Perfusion of microgram quantities of a highly cationised antigen directly into the left renal artery followed by the systemic injection of anti-body 1 h later is capable of inducing a typical ICGN with massive proteinuria. The above demonstrates that cationic proteins are nephritogenic antigens, which may also be involved in human glomerulonephritis. PMID- 6216368 TI - [Laparoscopic thermometry in acute and chronic liver and biliary tract diseases]. PMID- 6216369 TI - Interprofessional code of conduct. PMID- 6216370 TI - National Association of State School Nurse Consultants define role of school nurse in "PL 94-142--education for all handicapped children act of 1975". AB - In summary, school health services are a very important and, at times, a mandatory "related service". A child is better able to benefit from the educational process, if he/she is functioning in an optimal health condition. The school nurse is best prepared to identify the health needs of the child and facilitate remediation of the condition or assist the school setting in adapting to the child's needs. Most states have a state law, as well as the Federal law, which mandates services for the handicapped or exceptional child. In addition, there is Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act that was passed in 1973. Section 504 states "no qualified handicapped person shall on the basis of handicap, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or otherwise be subjected to discrimination under any program or activity which receives or benefits from Federal financial assistance". All three laws need to be considered when developing state guidelines and school district policies. PMID- 6216371 TI - Special considerations for the dentist in the treatment of geriatric and handicapped patients. PMID- 6216372 TI - A model of delayed aortic coarctation employing arterial and venous catheters for chronic blood sampling in conscious dogs. AB - We have developed a reproducible model of cardiac hypertrophy in conscious, unrestrained dogs after recovery from surgical trauma. The model has many potential applications due to the availability of non-stressful blood sampling from four arterial and/or venous vascular locations. Samples of blood for biochemical or pharmacological measurements were obtained from the carotid and femoral arteries as well as the pulmonary artery and inferior vena cava. Left ventricular hypertrophy up to 128% of the non-operated control animals was produced at 96 h post-intraluminal aortic coarctation. Inflation of a balloon in the descending aorta increased outflow resistance and resulted in hypertrophy. Hemodynamic parameters of cardiac function were obtained via a Swan-Ganz cardiac output catheter located permanently in the pulmonary artery. Complications observed in the dog model were minimal and mortality did not occur during the experimental period. This animal model employing multiple implanted catheters for blood sampling plus the ability to impose aortic coarctation in the unrestrained animal provides a flexible model system for biochemical and pharmacological research. PMID- 6216373 TI - Use of operative transluminal coronary angioplasty as an adjunct to coronary artery bypass. AB - Operative transluminal coronary angioplasty (OCTA) was used to improve coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) runoff in patients having complex segmental and diffuse coronary artery obstructions. OTCA was performed during CABG through the bypass arteriotomy on 64 arteries in 58 patients. An angioplasty system specifically designed for operative use was employed. In 13 cases, angioplasty was performed both proximal and distal to the coronary arteriotomy, for a total of 77 angioplasty sites. Elective restudy was performed on 36 angioplasty sites in 28 arteries in 24 patients: Sixteen patients were restudied between 18 and 21 days (mean 16) and eight between 4 and 32 months (mean 20.5). Patency rate, as assessed at each angioplasty site, was 86.1% (20/24 studied early and 11/12 studied late). Three coronary perforations (4.7%) occurred and were repaired without perioperative infarction or other sequelae. The one operative death (1.7%) occurred in a patient with preoperative refractory cardiogenic shock. There were seven perioperative infarctions (12.1%), of which three (4.7%) were in the distribution of the coronary artery undergoing OTCA. The favorable short-term and medium-term patency rates indicate that OTCA is a useful adjunct to CABG that permits more complete revascularization of small or diffusely diseased coronary arteries. PMID- 6216374 TI - Regional myocardial blood flow in left ventricular hypertrophy. An experimental investigation in Newfoundland dogs with congenital subaortic stenosis. AB - To test the hypothesis that left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) may predispose the subendocardium to ischemia, we studied regional myocardial blood flow in dogs with the fibrous ring form of subvalvular aortic stenosis and concentric LVH. Radioactive microspheres, 9 +/- 1 mu in diameter, were used. Eleven dogs with LVH (left ventricular body weight ratio of 6.35 +/- 0.46 gm/kg [mean +/- SEM] and peak left ventricular outflow gradient of 51 +/- 7 mm Hg) were compared to 12 normal dogs (left ventricular/body weight ratio of 3.41 +/- 0.12 gm/kg and peak left ventricular outflow gradient of 6 +/- 3 mm Hg). The two groups of dogs were subjected to comparable experimental interventions including (1) tachycardia produced by atrial pacing (221 +/- 4 beats/min), (2) ascending aortic constriction producing systolic hypertension (212 +/- 5 mm Hg), and (3) creation of an aortic-right atrial fistula lowering diastolic blood pressure (38 +/- 3 mm Hg). Basal regional myocardial blood flow was distributed similarly for LVH and normal dogs (endocardial/epicardial ratio = 0.90 +/- 0.05 and 0.94 +/- 0.03, respectively). During experimental interventions, regional blood flow remained equal to all myocardial layers in normal dogs; however, the endocardial/epicardial ratio diminished in LVH dogs during atrial tachycardia to 0.61 +/- 0.08, during systolic hypertension to 0.68 +/- 0.06, and during diastolic hypotension to 0.50 +/- 0.09. When the diastolic/systolic pressure time index ratio (DPTI/SPTI) was less than 0.8, subendocardial ischemia occurred in dogs with LVH (endocardial/epicardial ratio = 0.66 +/- 0.04) but not in normal dogs (endocardial/epicardial ratio = 0.92 +/- 0.03) (p less than 0.0001). Animals with infracoronary obstruction and LVH demonstrate greater susceptibility to development of subendocardial ischemia for identical hemodynamic interventions than do normal animals. PMID- 6216376 TI - [Introduction to orthodontics for general dental practitioners]. PMID- 6216377 TI - [Analysis using monoclonal antibodies of subpopulations of T-lymphocytes in infectious mononucleosis]. PMID- 6216375 TI - Cyclic neutropenia and T lymphocyte suppression of granulopoiesis: abrogation of the neutropenic cycles by lithium carbonate. AB - To investigate the mechanisms of cyclic neutropenia, we studied the capacity of a patient's T lymphocytes (TLp) to interact with monocyte-macrophages from her normal HLA-identical sibling (MOb) in the elaboration of colony-stimulating activity (CSA). TLp obtained at the time of decreasing neutrophil counts, increased CSA elaboration (p less than 0.056) when incubated at a 1:1 ratio with MOb. Increasing the TLp to MOb ratios to 3:1 or 5:1 progressively decreased CSA. Also, lithium carbonate, which ordinarily prevents concanavalin A activation of suppressor TL, failed to do so, suggesting that preactivated suppressor TL were present in the patient while neutrophil levels were falling. In similar experiments performed while neutrophil levels were rising these activated suppressor TL were absent. These data suggest that some patients with cyclic neutropenia may have a cyclic increase in suppressor TL activity. As predicted by our in vitro experiments, lithium carbonate administration did not abrogate the first neutropenic cycle, but it did mitigate subsequent cycles. PMID- 6216378 TI - Evaluation and interpretation of dose response experiments with decreased baseline. AB - Frequently, the effects of a drug are studied in the presence of another drug which decreases the baseline for the action of the first drug. This may pose problems in terms of the evaluation of the action of interaction of one or both of the interacting drugs. When the effect of the interacting drugs (or conditions) are independent, the resulting effects of a drug A at a decreased baseline can be expected to conform to the equation given in this paper. If there is true, interactive antagonism, the resulting effect will not conform to this equation. The consequence of an independent interaction, which is in agreement with the equation given, is that the net effects of A are not affected by B, although B decreases the baseline for the action of A. Hence, the net effects of A are actually independent of (changes in) the baseline, and can best be described by the term "pseudo-antagonism" or "baseline-antagonism". Experimental evidence is provided for such independent antagonistic interventions. These findings also give an explanation for phenomena related to the "law of initial value" (1). PMID- 6216379 TI - [Experiences with percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of peripheral vessel stenosis]. PMID- 6216381 TI - [Use of charts of annual epicrises in the work of the dispensary]. PMID- 6216380 TI - The quantitative determination of plasmalogen by its reaction with mercuric chloride. AB - The alk-1-enyl group of 1-alk-1(1)-enyl-2-acyl-glycerophospholipids (plasmalogens) rapidly combines with mercuric chloride. At 0 C, there was a 1:1 stoichiometry for Hg binding to the reactive enol group of plasmalogens. Aldehydes were not released, indicating that the alkenyl ether bond was not cleaved. Hg binding to less reactive double bonds in unsaturated fatty acids was not significant. Quantitative estimation of bound Hg afforded a rapid and sensitive assay for alkenylacyl lipids and gave values similar to those obtained with other methods of analysis. The proportion of plasmalogens in bovine myelin glycerophosphatides and in ethanolamine glycerophosphatide was 35 and 75%, respectively. Plasmalogens account for 23.3% of the total glycerophospholipid of rat erythrocytes. PMID- 6216382 TI - [Organization of the nurses' work in a pediatric clinic]. PMID- 6216383 TI - Acne, psoriasis and hair transplants: physician's standard of care. PMID- 6216384 TI - [Blood flow velocity meter based on the system p02--primary transducers]. PMID- 6216385 TI - [Comparative studies on the toxicity of various dielectrics--petroleum derivatives used in the electroerosion technic. V. Functional, morphological and cytoenzymatic changes in the kidneys of rats chronically exposed to petroleum hydrocarbons]. AB - The rats exposed for 14 weeks to odourless kerosene mists (concentration of 75 and 300 mg/m3) had their urinary chemical and morphotic composition determined. In addition, morphological and cytoenzymatic examinations of kidneys were carried out. The findings were: increased pH and protein concentration and single erythrocytes in urine and also: passive congestion of renal cortex and medulla, infiltrates composed of granulocytes and eosinophils and albuminous casts in renal tubules. Decreased activity of succinate dehydrogenase, glucoso-6 phosphatase, Mg++ stimulated adenosinotriphosphatase and increased activity of acid phosphatase were found. Those changes were localized in cortical part of the kidney especially in the main tubules epithelial cells. The observed functional, morphological and cytoenzymatic changes depended on the magnitude of exposure. The obtained results confirm that kerosene hydrocarbons may exhibit toxic effects on the kidney function and structure. PMID- 6216386 TI - [Allergy to industrial oil components]. AB - The paper presents the data on the allergy to chromium in the workers dealing with oils. Single cases of hypersensitivity to additives refining industrial oils, such as triethandamine and hydrazine are described. Gross reactions between triethanolamine and the component of shampoos treithanolamine oxyethylane - sulphate have been demonstrated. PMID- 6216387 TI - [Nervous system diseases in large-city population. II. Effect of occupational factors]. AB - The patients of a local outpatient department in a half--million population town have been examined. The rate of organic angiogenic encephalopathies, vasomotor headaches and epilepsy has been three times greater in those performing light work than in the hard-working group. No dependency between the hard work and rate of ischias and lumbago has been found. Operations of productive machines, similarly as the working place microclimatic conditions do not pose a risk of nervous system diseases, except ischias and lumbago which occur more frequently in an occupational group working at low temperature and considerable humidity or at an open air. Likewise, the body position at work significantly affects the rate of ischias and lumbago. Our findings prove that hard work does not pose an additional risk of nervous system diseases. Another conclusion of those investigations is that advantageous microclimate and body position at the working place, possibly accompanied by corrective physical training, are significant in the prevention of ischias and lumbago. PMID- 6216388 TI - [Allergens and harmful factors in the light of occupational dermatitis registration in Poland in 1978]. AB - 786 occupational dermatoses notification in Poland have been analysed. The significance of the compounds of chromium, cobalt, oils, lubricants, cement, epidians and epoxy resins in the pathogenesis of occupational dermatoses has been presented. The recommended "set of 5 allergens" is sufficient to explain the cause of about half of the diseases. Epidemiological data on occupational dermatoses confirm the advisability of adopting the author's criteria of handling occupational dermatoses and considering the possibilities of certain technological improvements. PMID- 6216389 TI - Mitochondrial ultrastructural and ATPase changes during the life cycle of Ascaris suum. PMID- 6216390 TI - Effect of diet on glucose tolerance and insulin response in chemically diabetic rats. AB - The long term effect of dietary carbohydrate content on the course of noninsulin dependent diabetes has been assessed in rats with experimental chemical diabetes (CD) obtained as spontaneous evolution of neonatal streptozotocin acute diabetes. Glucose tolerance and insulin secretion were serially tested before and during high carbohydrate diet (2 and 6 mo) or high lipid diet (1 mo) in control and in CD males. In none of the control or CD groups, did the high sucrose diet significantly affect the weight gain as compared to that obtained upon the standard diet. The high sucrose diet increased the insulin response to glucose and slightly improved the glucose tolerance in the normal rats. In CD rats, it increased the insulin secretion and the insulinogenic index; glucose tolerance was unaffected. In control rats receiving the high lipid diet, the weight gain was significantly increased as compared to that obtained upon the standard diet. Their plasma insulin levels were increased both in basal and glucose stimulated states while glucose tolerance remained unchanged. In the CD rats receiving the high lipid diet, weight gain was significantly increased as compared to that obtained upon the standard diet. But in these CD rats, the insulin secretion was not significantly enhanced by the high fat diet and the glucose tolerance deteriorated. These findings indicated a beneficial long-term effect of high carbohydrate diet in the CD rats as far as their insulin response to glucose was concerned. By contrast high lipid diet may be regarded as an aggravating factor of glucose handling in chemical diabetes. The results are discussed with regard to; (1) the increased insulin production and/or release on the high sucrose diet, and (2) the decreased insulin sensitivity on the high lipid diet. PMID- 6216391 TI - Altered muscle metabolism in rats after thermal injury. AB - Burn injury is associated with an elevation in total body oxygen consumption, increased hepatic alanine uptake and conversion to glucose, and a negative nitrogen balance. The primary source of the alanine used for gluconeogenesis by the liver and of the nitrogen lost as urea is believed to be from skeletal muscle. Selected muscle regulatory enzymes and pyruvate and oleate oxidation rates were assayed for maximal activity during the postburn period. Male Sprague Dawley rats that received 50% total body surface scald burns on the dorsum and abdomen were examined for citrate synthase (CS), phosphofructokinase (PFK), and glutamate-pyruvate transaminase (GPT) activity in uninjured muscle at 3, 7, 13, and 20 days postburn, and the ability of muscle to oxidize pyruvate and oleate was measured at 3 and 13 days after injury. Cs, PFK, and GPT activities increased significantly (p less than 0.05) by 13-20 days after injury in the soleus and diaphragm. The epitrochlearis showed no change in CS, but PFK and GPT were elevated within this time frame. The gastrocnemius muscle showed an elevated oleate oxidation rate at 13 days after injury, but no change at 3 days postburn. Pyruvate oxidation rates were unaltered. The results of this study indicate that during the postburn period several metabolic alterations occur in muscle. These adaptations include: (1) elevated CS activity which may be associated with increased oxidative capacity,, (2) increased PFK activity which implies that more substrate is being shuttled through the glycolytic pathway, (3) increased GPT activity which may reflect increased pyruvate conversion to alanine, and (4) increased oleate oxidation rates which demonstrate that muscle is utilizing more fatty acid substrates during the postburn period. PMID- 6216392 TI - Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex from Neurospora. PMID- 6216393 TI - Phosphoglucomutase from yeast. PMID- 6216394 TI - Microcalorimetric studies of Klebsiella aerogenes grown in chemostat culture. 3 Transient (non-steady) state. AB - The increased power output resulting from the addition of small amounts of different substrates to glucose-limited chemostats depended on the added C source; four types of substrate were recognised. The additional heat evolved increased linearly with the amount of added acetate, but not with glucose or pyruvate. Small amounts of uncouplers disturbed the steady-state power output, and the increased heat was related to the stimulation of the ATPase system. The enhanced power output on increasing the growth pH to 8 was associated with proton translocating ATPase activity. PMID- 6216395 TI - Ethical decisions. PMID- 6216396 TI - [Effect of freezing modes on the survival of Escherichia coli bacteriophages]. AB - The object of this work was to study the effect of freezing down to--196 degrees C at different cooling and warming rates on the survival of T3, T4 and phiX174 phages. Phage particles survived when T3 phage was frozen at a rate of 20-400 degrees/min and phiX174 phage at a rate of 20-45 degrees/min. The survival rate of T4 phage was highest when it was frozen at a rate of 45 degrees/min. The survival of the phages depended also on the regime of warming. The susceptibility of the phages to freezing correlated with their sensitivity to osmotic shock in NaCl and sucrose solutions. PMID- 6216397 TI - Spectinomycin-resistant beta-lactamase-producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae-England. PMID- 6216398 TI - Effects of microtubular inhibitors on plasma membrane calmodulin-dependent Ca2+ transport ATPase. PMID- 6216399 TI - The kinetics of DNAse inhibition by specific antibodies. AB - The inhibition of beef pancreatic deoxyribonuclease I activity with specific antibodies is studied using the hypochromic shift of DNA at 260 nm. The kinetics of this reaction reveals two reaction phases. The first phase, which ends within seconds, is reversible and follows second order kinetics. It leads quickly to the formation of big complexes. The second phase, which reaches completion within minutes before precipitation is detectable, is essentially irreversible and follows zero order kinetics. A model explaining these results is suggested. PMID- 6216400 TI - [Supranucleosomal levels of chromatin structure: a nucleodisome]. AB - Dinucleosome periodicity of DNA fragmentation produced by DNAase I in nuclei of erythroid cells replacing its lysine-rich histone H1 by erythrocyte-specific fraction H5 has been electrophoretically investigated. It was found that the double-nucleosome repeat becomes more definite as the content of H5 increases. Electrophoretic analysis of DNA fragments generated by DNAse I reveals a "nucleodisome" structure of chromatin not only is condensed inactive nuclei of mature erythrocytes but also in chromatin of transcriptionally-active cells possessing a usual lysine-rich histone H1 such as rat thymus cells or CHO cell line. It seems that the nucleodisome structure is the specific feature of any chromatin. The nuclease of another specificity (DNAse II) is also able to reveal dinucleosome periodicity in chromatin of both erythrocytes and sea urchin sperm. Comparison of the results of DNA cutting in nuclei of these cells allows us to establish that the pattern of chromatin fragmentation by DNAses I and II is very similar, if not identical. On the basis of data obtained a mechanism of nucleodisome splitting off is suggested. PMID- 6216401 TI - Selenite prevents the induction of sister-chromatid exchanges by methyl mercury and mercuric chloride in human whole-blood cultures. AB - The protective effect of sodium selenite (Na2SeO3) against the cytogenetic toxicity of methyl mercury (CH3HgCl) and mercuric chloride (HgCl2) were investigated on human whole-blood cultures in relation to induction of sister chromatid exchange (SCE). Both mercurials caused a dose-dependent increase in SCEs, methyl mercury being about 5 times more potent than mercuric chloride. Sodium selenite also induced SCEs. However, the simultaneous addition of selenite (1 x 10(-7) -3 x 10(-5) M) to cell cultures containing either methyl mercury (3 x 10(-6) M) or mercuric chloride (1 x 10(-5) M) prevented the induction of SCEs by the mercurial in a clear dose-related manner. When selenite and mercurial were simultaneously added at a molar ratio of 1:2 Na2SeO3:CH3HgCl, or 1:1 Na2SeO3:HgCl2, cells from treated cultures showed no increase in the SCE frequency. These results indicate that selenite and mercury mutually antagonize their ability to cause DNA damage leading to the formation of SCEs. The formation of bis(methylmercuric)selenide, (CH3Hg)2Se, from Na2SeO3 and CH3HgCl, or a high molecular complex consisting of glutathione-Se-Hg from Na2SeO3 and HgCl2 involving the participation of glutathione in RBCs might play a key role in this antagonism between mercury and selenium. PMID- 6216402 TI - Mutation and W-reactivation of lambda phage by mitomycin C in the excision defective Escherichia coli. PMID- 6216403 TI - Inactivation of bacteriophage lambda and lambda DNA by nitrogen mustard. AB - Bacteriophage lambda and lambda DNA were treated with alkylating agents. The survival of phage was assayed by infectivity and that of DNA by infectivity of phage particles assembled from the DNA in vitro. Phage lambda were more sensitive to nitrogen mustard (C1(CH2)2NMe(CH2)2C1; HN2) than was lambda DNA. The inactivation of lambda DNA was biphasic; the second component of the inactivation was sensitive to mutations allelic for recA, polA and uvrB. This behaviour was not shown by pBR322 plasmid DNA treated with HN2 nor by lambda DNA treated with monofunctional alkylating agents (or HN2 if the second alkylation reaction was stopped by addition of a mercaptan). From Arrhenius plots, the activation energy for the reactions with DNA and interact phage were found to be different. The activation energy for the inactivation of intact phage was the same as that (measured independently) for the predominant reaction (or class of reactions) in which HN2 cross-links DNA to protein in lambda particles. From these data we conclude that the inactivation of lambda by HN2 is due, primarily, to DNA-protein cross-linking. The implications for the mode of action of DNA-reactive bifunctional anti-viral and cytotoxic compounds are discussed. PMID- 6216404 TI - Characterization of MMS-sensitive mutants of Neurospora crassa. AB - Several MMS-sensitive mutants of Neurospora crassa were compared with the wild type strain for their relative sensitivities to UV, X-ray, and histidine. They were also compared for the frequency of spontaneous mutation at the loci which confer assistance to p-fluorophenylalanine. The mutants were also examined for possible defects in meiotic behavior in homozygous crosses and for any change in the inducible DNA salvage pathways (as indicated by their ability to utilize DNA as the sole phosphate source in the growth medium). On the basis of these characterizations, the present MMS-sensitive mutants of Neurospora can be placed into three groups. The first group includes three mutants, mus-(SC3), mus-(SC13), and mus-(SC28). These are slow growers, insensitive to histidine with no apparent meiotic defects and may have reduced frequency of spontaneous mutation. In addition, their mycelial growth is sensitive to MMS but the conidial viability following MMS, UV or X-ray treatment appears normal or only slightly more sensitive than the wild-type. The second group includes only one mutant, mus (SC15); its mycelial growth is very sensitive to MMS but the conidial survival following treatment with MMS or UV appears normal; however, the conidial survival following exposure to X-ray is significantly reduced. This mutant shows an increased (more than 10-fold) frequency of spontaneous mutation, but behaves normal like the wild-type with respect to fertility, growth rate and insensitivity to histidine. The third group includes mutants mus-(SC10), mus (SC25), and mus-(SC29). These mutants are very sensitive to UV, X-rays and MMS and to histidine but have normal growth rates on minimal medium. Mutant mus (SC10), but not mus-(SC25) and mus-(SC29), has an increased (11 X) frequency of spontaneous mutation. On the basis of data presented, the MMS sensitivity of the first group of mutants cannot be ascertained to arise from a defect in the DNA repair pathways; instead, it may stem from altered cell permeability or other pleotropic effects of the mus mutations. However, it can be suggested that the second and third group of mus mutants may indeed result from a defect in the DNA repair pathways controlled by the mus genes; this conclusion is based on their cross-sensitivity to the number of DNA-damaging agents such as MMS, UV and/or X ray, high frequencies of spontaneous mutation (mutator effects) and defects in meiotic behavior. PMID- 6216405 TI - Enrichment and partial enzyme characterization of ATPase activity associated with the outward-facing membrane complex and inward-facing membrane of the surface epithelial syncytium of Schistosoma mansoni. AB - The outward-facing (OFM) and inward-facing (IFM) membranes of the surface epithelial syncytium of Schistosoma mansoni were separated by sequential exposure to saponin solutions. The OFM, containing both inner and outer bilayers, contained ATPase activity that was stimulated by Mg2+ and Ma+, but not K+ or HCO 3, and was inhibited by Ca2+ and ethacrynic acid. The OFM enzyme was unaffected by ouabain, oligomycin, SCN- and azide and had a pH optimum of 7.5. The OFM ATPase therefore has properties similar to ATPases characterized from the apical membrane of a variety of epithelial cells where it is thought to augment the regulatory cell volume decreasing function of (Na++K+)Mg2+- ATPase. The IFM contained ATPase activity that was stimulated by Mg2+, Na+ and K+, and was inhibited by ouabain indicating the IFM enzyme was the Na+-pump ATPase. The results are discussed in terms of the transepithelial transport function of the surface epithelial syncytium and a Ca2+-ATPase reported previously from the OFM of S. mansoni. PMID- 6216406 TI - Decreased levels of helper T cells in pregnancy. PMID- 6216407 TI - The cutaneous infiltrates of leprosy: cellular characteristics and the predominant T-cell phenotypes. AB - We report on the characteristics of cells in the cutaneous lesions and blood of 21 patients with lepromatous, tuberculoid, and intermediate forms of leprosy. A large proportion of the infiltrates in lepromatous lesions consist of macrophages heavily parasitized with Mycobacterium leprae. The T cells in the lesions are devoid of OKT4/Leu 3a-positive ("helper") cells and consist almost exclusively of OKT8/Leu 2a-positive ("suppressor") populations. In contrast, the tuberculoid infiltrates contain well-organized epithelioid and giant-cell granulomas and only remnants of bacilli, and the predominant T cell is from the OKT4/Leu 3a-positive subset. In both tuberculoid and lepromatous infiltrates, T cells and macrophages expressed HLA-DR antigen. No marked alteration in the distribution of blood T cell phenotypes was noted. We conclude that there is a marked difference between T-cell subsets in lepromatous and tuberculoid infiltrates, which may influence the microbicidal activity of macrophages in the lesions. PMID- 6216408 TI - Impaired cell-mediated immunity in patients with classic hemophilia. PMID- 6216409 TI - AIDS and preventive treatment in hemophilia. PMID- 6216410 TI - Chromatin structure, DNA structure. PMID- 6216411 TI - A human suppressor T cell clone which recognizes an autologous helper T cell clone. PMID- 6216413 TI - [Delayed diagnosis in Bechterew's disease]. PMID- 6216412 TI - Nonspecific inhibitor released by T acceptor cells reduces the production of interleukin-2. PMID- 6216414 TI - [An imported disease; a nearly missed diagnosis]. PMID- 6216415 TI - Fabric emesis post gastric occlusive surgery for obesity. PMID- 6216416 TI - Drug interactions do not support reduction in serotonin turnover as the mechanism of action of benzodiazepines. AB - Interactions between 5-methoxy, N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeODMT), chlordiazepoxide and para-chlorophenylalanine (pCPA) on conflict behaviour were studied. 5-Methoxy, N,N-dimethyltryptamine (1.0 and 3.0 mg/kg), induced observable effects and reduced unpunished response rates but did not affect punished behaviour either alone, on in the presence of 5 or 10 mg/kg chlordiazepoxide. However, 5-MeODMT (1 mg/kg) reversed the anti-conflict effects of chronic administration of pCPA (100 mg/kg). Chronic administration of pCPA did not prevent the increase in punished response rates induced by chlordiazepoxide (5 mg/kg). These findings are discussed in the context of the serotonin hypothesis of benzodiazepine action, with the conclusion that benzodiazepines act at a site distal to that of serotonergic drugs on conflict behaviour. PMID- 6216417 TI - The effects of baclofen on gamma motoneurones supplying gastrocnemius muscle in the rabbit. AB - The effect of baclofen on gamma motoneurones supplying gastrocnemius medialis muscle in the rabbit has been investigated. Baclofen was found to decrease the frequency of firing of tonic gamma motoneurones, and in some cells to inhibit the tonic discharge altogether. Baclofen also increased the regularity of tonic gamma motoneurone discharge. The drug was found to raise the threshold for firing of gamma motoneurones in response to electrical stimulation of the sural nerve, indicating a depression of reflex transmission between the sural nerve and the motoneurones. The results are discussed and brief consideration given to the possible consequences of these results for the action of the drug in human spasticity. PMID- 6216418 TI - Drug-induced release of biogenic amines from synaptosomes and blood platelets of guinea-pigs. AB - Synaptosomes from guinea-pig brain were compared with blood platelets (partly from previous experiments) regarding the action of imipramine, the benzoquinolizine derivative Ro 4-1284, tyramine and p-chlormethamphetamine (PCMA) on the contents of stored radio-labelled 5-hydroxytryptamine (5HT), dopamine (DA) and noradrenaline (NA). Normal and reserpinized preparations were used in order to differentiate between granular and extragranular (reserpine-resistant) sites. Imipramine, in concentrations greater than those inhibiting 5HT- and NA-uptake released the three amines from granular and extragranular sites and showed the same order of potency in synaptosomes as in platelets. The drug Ro 4-1284 acted on the granular amines only, but its action on NA was less potent in synaptosomes than in platelets. Tyramine and PCMA also caused an exclusive release of granular amines in synaptosomes, whereas in platelets the drugs released extragranular 5HT (and DA) as well as the granular amines. Tyramine was more potent in synaptosomes than in platelets, and PCMA showed a preferential effect on 5HT in synaptosomes but not in platelets. It is concluded that, regarding the action of monoamine releasing drugs, platelets are only partial models for synaptosomes. However, they may be superior to synaptosomes in predicting the pattern of amine release in brain in vivo as seen with Ro 4-1284. PMID- 6216419 TI - Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty in subclavian steal syndrome: recurrent stenosis and retreatment in two patients. AB - Two patients with proximal subclavian artery stenosis and "subclavian steal syndrome" by clinical and arteriographic criteria were treated with percutaneous transluminal balloon catheter angioplasty. Successful dilatation was obtained, but stenoses recurred at or near the dilated segments in both cases, necessitating repeat transluminal angioplasty. One patient eventually underwent surgical carotid-subclavian grafting. Factors influencing recurrent stenosis after transluminal angioplasty are discussed, including the choice of an optimal balloon inflation diameter, the pathophysiology of angioplasty, and the role of anticoagulation. Transluminal angioplasty may be a viable therapeutic alternative to operation in selected patients with occlusive subclavian disease. PMID- 6216420 TI - [Vasculo-enteric fistula after reconstruction of the subrenal aorta]. PMID- 6216421 TI - [The bio-cut in laparoscopic hepatic biopsy. Personal experience]. PMID- 6216422 TI - [The male gonad in an adrenometabolic syndrome. Morpho-functional findings]. AB - The hormonal and morphological features of the hypogonad condition observed in patients with Cushing's disease have been examined. Endocrine functional exploration carried out in 5 male patient showed normal gonadotropin incretion and excretion levels alongside a reduced plasma level of testosterone and an excess of suprarenal androgens, particularly DHA. Cytomorphological observation of the testicle not only confirms the state of gonadic functional quiescence, but makes it possible to exclude the existence of possible intrinsic changes which make gonads unable to respond to tropin stimulus. It is considered that, as is observed in normal humans under corticosteroid load, the excess of glycocorticoids in Cushing's disease depresses testicular endocrine activity, without activating feedback with gonadotrophic hypophysis, since the suprarenal androgens replace testosterone in the counter-regulation mechanism. PMID- 6216423 TI - [Radiographic and radioisotope studies in the diagnosis of diffuse or circumscribed liver disease]. PMID- 6216424 TI - Inhibitor effect of acupuncture on the vibration-induced grasp reflex in man. AB - The effect of acupuncture on the grasp reflex caused by mechanical vibrations of fingers produced by a cylinder-type vibrator (120 Hz) was studied in healthy man. As the hand grasped the vibrator during vibration, the volar surface of all fingers was simultaneously stimulated, resulting in a gradually increased force of the grasp, the vibration-induced grasp reflex (VGR). The VGR was inhibited by acupuncture with needles inserted into three acupuncture points (Shou Sanli, Chicheng and Szutu), but not into other sites in the hand. PMID- 6216425 TI - Contraceptive of choice for disabled (handicapped) person. PMID- 6216426 TI - Norfloxacin--a new antibacterial agent with anti-pseudomonal activity. PMID- 6216427 TI - Locoid vs betnovate lotion in the treatment of seborrhoeic and atopic dermatitis of the scalp. AB - In a randomised, double-blind clinical trial, the relative efficacy of Locoid scalp lotion and Betnovate scalp application was assessed in the treatment of 30 patients, 15 in each treatment group, suffering from seborrhoeic or atopic dermatitis of the scalp. Both therapies produced a statistically significant improvement and clearance of the lesions by the end of the four weeks of treatment. Slight differences were observed in favour of Betnovate with respect to global efficacy but this difference was not statistically significant. Side effects were not spontaneously complained of by any of the 30 patients but six admitted experiencing a stinging or burning sensation (four with Locoid and two with Betnovate) when asked specifically as to the occurrence of these side effects. PMID- 6216428 TI - Ipratropium bromide induced angle closure glaucoma. PMID- 6216429 TI - A modified laparoscopic entry technique using a finger. PMID- 6216430 TI - [Anxiety has many faces]. PMID- 6216431 TI - [History of venereal diseases]. PMID- 6216433 TI - [Nursing homes in West Berlin]. PMID- 6216432 TI - [Lung cancer in members of the occupational groups in rubber-dye-chemical production and processing]. PMID- 6216434 TI - [Section 17/18 of the revised German infectious disease law--experiences and evaluation of a large city public health office]. PMID- 6216435 TI - ["From town physician to the Public Health Service"]. PMID- 6216436 TI - [Open pulmonary tuberculosis and untargeted serial x-ray examinations]. PMID- 6216437 TI - [Development of juvenile tuberculosis in Berlin in the years 1975-1980]. PMID- 6216438 TI - [Tuberculosis epidemiology of 1 to 5-year-old children in Baden-Wurttemberg]. PMID- 6216439 TI - [Atypical mycobacteria in tuberculosis public health work]. PMID- 6216440 TI - [Protection of data from the viewpoint of social medicine]. PMID- 6216441 TI - [Noise-induced hearing loss]. PMID- 6216442 TI - [Effect of an aromatic retinoid on human squamous cell carcinomas in vitro]. AB - After in vitro incubation of human squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck region with aromatic retinoid an increased number of lysosomes can be observed in the tumor cells. It is discussed whether this accumulaion of lysosomes is due to a direct stimulation of lysosomal enzyme synthesis or whether it is consequence of cell damage by the retinoid. PMID- 6216443 TI - Dental care and treatment of the paediatric oncology patient. PMID- 6216444 TI - Aetiopathogenesis of degenerative myopia. A hypothesis. PMID- 6216445 TI - Management of the dental patient receiving corticosteroid medications. AB - Patients who have undergone therapy with glucocorticoids present unique problems for the dentist. Persons currently receiving steroid therapy have altered responses to infection and wound healing. More important, many patients who are taking or have taken glucocorticoids have a high risk of developing acute adrenal insufficiency when placed in a stressful situation. When treating patients with a history of glucocorticoid therapy, one must obtain precise information from the medical history to determine the relative risk of pituitary-adrenal suppression. If the patient is at risk, the dentist must determine the need for the following prophylactic measures: (1) systemic antibiotic therapy, (2) anxiety control, and (3) increased administration of glucocorticoids (steroid prep). If a patient experiences adrenal crisis, the dentist must be capable of interpreting the signs and administering appropriate therapy. PMID- 6216446 TI - [Statistics on mortality highway transportation injuries]. PMID- 6216447 TI - Evolutionary roots of catalysis by nicotinamide and flavins in C-H oxidoreductases and in photosynthesis. AB - The evolutionary information obtained from sequencing proteins and RNA's fades out completely for early periods in evolution. Information for tracing evolution even further could stem from the analysis of coenzyme mechanisms. Likewise, placing cofactors in their proper evolutionary context gives new hints concerning their actual mechanisms of catalysis. PMID- 6216448 TI - A comparison of health locus of control beliefs in low-back patients from the U.S. and New Zealand. AB - In order to study differences in health control attitudes between chronic low back patients from the U.S. and New Zealand, the Health Locus of Control (HLC) was administered to 284 consecutive admissions to pain clinics in those countries: 96 patients seen at the Auckland (New Zealand) Pain Clinic and 188 seen at the University of Virginia (U.S.) Pain Clinic. The HLC is an 11-item instrument [23] that assesses general control over health matters. Principal component factor analyses indicated 3 distinct subscales for the low back patients: (a) personal health control, (b) external health control, and (c) control by powerful others (physicians). HLC responses were analyzed with univariate analyses of variance using subscale scores as dependent measures and country and sex as independent variables. New Zealanders rated themselves as less dependent on physicians' orders (F (1,280)=3.92, P less than 0.05), and women were seen as having less personal control over their pain conditions than men (F (1,280)=6.29, P less than 0.02). The differences related to sex and country are discussed within a social learning framework. Suggestions are made for future cross-cultural research, especially related to issues of dependency on others for health control and outcomes in the treatment of chronic pain. PMID- 6216449 TI - Platelet behavior in migraine. PMID- 6216450 TI - [Vectors of the filaria Thamugadia ivaschkini (Splendidofilariidae) in the southern Turkmen SSR]. AB - 1903 specimens of sandflies and mosquitoes were examined for their spontaneous infection with larvae of Thamugadia ivaschkini. The experimental infection of sandflies and mosquitoes was conducted on infected lizards. It has been established that the vectors of this filaria in the south of Turkmenia are sandflies of the genus Phlebotomus and Sergentomyia arpaclensis. The development of the helminth carries out in thoracic muscles of sandflies, the first infective larvae appear in 7 to 17 days after the infection of vectors. PMID- 6216451 TI - [Improved intern training in pediatrics]. PMID- 6216452 TI - [Experience in organizing medical care for children with recurrent and chronic bronchopulmonary diseases]. PMID- 6216453 TI - [Dispensary care of schoolchildren with thyroid hyperplasia]. PMID- 6216455 TI - Cobalt: an effector of E. coli recA protein activity. AB - Studies of cation requirements in the recA-catalyzed proteolysis of lambda repressor and strand assimilation reactions have demonstrated that Co2+ significantly enhances both activities. In the presence of 4mM MgCl2, the optimal concentration of CoCl2 for proteolysis was 1mM. 2mM Co2+ increased the rate and extent of D-loop formation as measured by membrane filtration. Cobalt did not replace Mg2+ for the ssDNA-dependent ATPase activity of recA, and did not affect the rate of hydrolysis of ATP, measured over a wide range of DNA concentrations. Cobalt did prevent the Mg-dependent ssDNA renaturation catalyzed by recA protein. Membrane filter binding assays established that Co2+ increases the affinity of recA protein for ssDNA with ATP, dATP, or ATP gamma S as cofactors. The dissociation of recA protein from ssDNA-nucleoside triphosphate complex was much slower with CoCl2. This metal provides an excellent tool for dissecting the various activities inherent in recA protein. PMID- 6216456 TI - Detection and quantification of adducts formed upon interaction of diamminedichloroplatinum (II) with DNA, by anion-exchange chromatography after enzymatic degradation. AB - A method has been developed to determine the adducts formed upon interaction of cis- and trans-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) (cis- and trans-DDP) with DNA. After 5 h at 50 degrees C in the dark, the amount of cis-DDP bound to salmon sperm DNA was larger than the amount of the trans-isomer. After enzymatic degradation with deoxyribonucleases to nucleotides and Pt-containing (oligo)nucleotides, the various products were separated by DEAE chromatography and analyzed for Pt by flameless AAS. Indications were obtained for the presence of nucleotides containing monofunctionally bound Pt and of adducts originating from interstrand DNA crosslinks. DEAE chromatography of digests of cis-DDP-treated DNA yielded a product with overall charge -1, which was identified with NMR and CD as cis [Pt(NH3)2-d(pGpG)], the oligonucleotide derived from intrastrand crosslinks between two adjacent guanines. Another major peak contained Pt-oligonucleotides with overall charge -2, which could be derived from intrastrand crosslinks between two guanines at sites with pGpXpG (X=T,C,A or G) base sequences. PMID- 6216454 TI - Functional impairments of human red cells, induced by dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate. AB - A study has been made on the incorporation of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHAS), one of the most abundant adrenal C-19 steroids, into human red cells, and of the resulting effects on red cell functions. 1. DHAS was incorporated into red cell membrane mainly by a partition mechanism: The apparent partition constant was small ([DHAS]cell/[DHAS]free = 1.34), indicating that DHAS in red cells would be easily removed by dilution. 2. At least part of the DHAS taken up was apparently bound to band 3 protein and thereby was able to inhibit the exchange of intracellular and extracellular SO4(2-) (Ki = 70 micro M). 3. Using a fatty acid spin label, it was established that the presence of DHAS in lipid bilayer of the membrane increased the acyl chain motion in the middle portion of the membrane. 4. DHAS induced echinocytosis of red cells. It is suggested that the increase in the viscosity of red cell suspension, the decreased deformability and the decrease in the deoxygenation rate of hemoglobin in the presence of DHAS probably reflect the presence of echinocytes. 5. In the presence of plasma proteins, the incorporation of DHAs into red cells was remarkably suppressed. PMID- 6216457 TI - Conformation of the HMG 14 nucleosome core complex from flow birefringence. AB - Flow birefringence and extinction angles have been measured for HMG 14 complexes with nucleosome core particles from chicken erythrocytes under cooperative "tight" binding conditions, and for the uncomplexed core particles used in the preparations. Results are interpreted using optical models for the observed DNA anisotropy, and are compared to recent small angle neutron scattering results. (19) The studies effectively rule out highly distorted DNA conformations and configurations in which DNA ends are unwound and extended. It is concluded that the most likely conformation of the complex is one in which the DNA superhelix is radially increased, either uniformly or bilaterally, with the DNA ends remaining tightly bound to the particle. This conformation does not require large changes in spatial relationships between the DNA ends compared to the uncomplexed core as would accompany, for example, significant unwinding of the ends. However, it may lead to more subtle but possibly highly significant differences in the angles at which the DNA exits the core particle. PMID- 6216459 TI - Biokinetics of bone tracers by means of deconvolution analysis--comparison of 99mTc MDP, 99mTc DPD and 99mTc EHDP. AB - Transfer functions of 99mTc methylene diphosphonate (MDP), 99mTc 2,3 dicarboxypropane-1,1-diphosphonate (DPD) and 99mTc ethane-1-hydroxy-1,1 diphosphonate (EHDP) into bone and extravascular fluid of soft tissues were determined in 5 dogs by deconvolution analysis of the time-course of plasma, soft tissue and bone radioactivity. The transfer rates 5 min after injection- indicating the rapid exchange of the tracer between plasma and the extravascular fluid--decrease in the order MDP greater than EHDP greater than DPD (P less than 0.05). The transfer rates into bone--determined from transfer rates between 30 and 60 min--decreased in a different order, i.e. MDP greater than DPD greater than EHDP (P less than 0.05). The fractional bone uptake of diphosphonates estimated from the ratio of early to late transfer rates was slightly greater for DPD than for MDP and EHDP respectively. The difference between DPD and MDP was not significant (P greater than 0.05). The average bone and soft tissue concentrations of DPD 60 min after injection were greater than that of MDP and EHDP due to different plasma concentrations (DPD greater than EHDP greater than MDP), whereas the bone-to-soft tissue ratios decreased in the sequence MDP greater than DPD greater than EHDP (P less than 0.05).--Our results reveal different biokinetics of MDP, DPD and EHDP explaining variations in osseous and soft tissue uptake suggesting that deconvolution analysis could play an important role in bone scan interpretation. PMID- 6216458 TI - Analogous cleavage of DNA by micrococcal nuclease and a 1-10-phenanthroline cuprous complex. AB - We have examined the DNA cleavage specificity of a 1,10-phenanthroline-cuprous complex and find this agent to recognize the same sites and cleave with the same relative preferences as micrococcal nuclease. In contrast, DNase I and bleomycin ferrous complex cleave the same 5000 bp D. melanogaster histone gene DNA with different specificities, although some of the sites appear to be recognized and cleaved by all four reagents. Our results suggest that the reagents used probably detect discrete conformational perturbations along the DNA double helix. PMID- 6216460 TI - Studies of the chemical and biological properties of the skeletal imaging agent 99mTc-methylene diphosphonate. PMID- 6216461 TI - [Spinal hemangioma--differential diagnosis of so-called "cold lesions" (uptake defects) in bone scintigrams]. PMID- 6216462 TI - Health visiting: an art and a science. PMID- 6216463 TI - Nursing care study: repairing a hole in the wall. PMID- 6216464 TI - Physically disabled children: the right to know. PMID- 6216465 TI - [Angioplasty of the arteries of the lower limbs]. PMID- 6216466 TI - [Clinical evaluation of mezlocillin in the treatment of urinary and respiratory tract infections]. PMID- 6216467 TI - [Effect of long-term exposure to vinyl chloride studied by Rebuck's skin window technic]. PMID- 6216469 TI - Ventriculo-atrial shunt nephritis. PMID- 6216468 TI - Steroid receptors and hormone responsiveness of human prostatic carcinoma. PMID- 6216470 TI - Retrospective analysis of the management of acute low back pain. PMID- 6216471 TI - Zimelidine: a second generation antidepressant. A report from the general practitioner research group. PMID- 6216472 TI - Influence of extracellular matrix on the proliferation of human amniotic fluid cells in vitro. AB - Factors which influence the proliferation of human amniotic fluid cells in vitro have potential importance in reducing the time for prenatal diagnosis. Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) has been shown to be mitogenic for human amniotic fluid cells. The observation that cells which respond to FGF in vitro produce their own extracellular matrix (ECM), led to the use of an ECM as a substrate to assess proliferation. Pooled amniotic fluid cells maintained on an ECM prepared from bovine corneal endothelial cells demonstrated a significant increase in proliferation when compared with cells maintained on plastic substrate in the presence or absence of FGF. If FGF was added to cultures of amniotic fluid cells maintained on ECM, further increases in proliferation were noted compared with cells maintained on ECM in the absence of FGF. These results indicate that the substrate upon which amniotic fluid cells are maintained can have a profound influence on their proliferation. PMID- 6216474 TI - [Participation of medical students in the examination of rural populations for tuberculosis]. PMID- 6216473 TI - Isolation of two proteolipids from rabbit skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum. AB - We have isolated two proteolipids from rabbit skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum by chromatography on columns of Sepharose CL-6B and Sephadex LH-60. One, PL-II, is identical to the proteolipid previously obtained by others using organic solvent extraction. The other, PL-I, has an amino acid composition very similar to those of proteolipids we previously isolated from canine cardiac SR and lamb kidney (Na,K)-ATPase. PMID- 6216475 TI - Plasminogen Tochigi: inactive plasmin resulting from replacement of alanine-600 by threonine in the active site. AB - Structural studies on a hereditarily abnormal plasminogen, plasminogen Tochigi, have been performed to identify the difference responsible for its lack of proteolytic activity. The plasminogen sample used was from a heterozygote and thus consisted of apparently equal amounts of normal and defective plasminogen molecules. Amino acid sequence analysis of a tryptic peptide isolated from the abnormal plasminogen indicated that Ala-600 (equivalent to Ala-55 in the chymotrypsin numbering system) had been replaced by Thr. No other substitutions in the active-site residues--namely, His-57, Asp-102, and Ser-195--were found. Molecular models for chymotrypsin and the bovine trypsin-pancreatic trypsin inhibitor complex indicate that Ala-55 is very near the active-site His. The Thr at position 55 in plasminogen (plasmin) Tochigi may perturb His-57 such that the proton transfers associated with the normal catalytic process cannot occur in the abnormal plasmin. PMID- 6216476 TI - Steady state of an ATP-driven calcium pump: limitations on kinetic and thermodynamic parameters. AB - A numerical analysis was carried out to explore limitations on kinetic and thermodynamic parameters for an ATP-driven Ca pump. A conventional pump reaction cycle was employed, with a transport stoichiometry of two Ca ions per cycle. Rigid requirements were imposed to represent the needs of physiological function, defined as the ability to maintain the cytoplasmic Ca concentration below 10(-7) M against a 3 mM concentration on the opposite side of the membrane. Realistic physical limits were placed on the magnitudes of rate constants for individual reaction steps. Reversibility under laboratory conditions was assumed. The results show that these requirements can be satisfied simultaneously only if the equilibrium constant for binding Ca from the cytoplasmic (uptake) side of the membrane is much larger than the binding constant on the discharge side. More generally, the results demonstrate that limitations on rate constants make it possible for the pump to maintain an adequate rate only if steady-state levels of kinetically important (slowly reacting) reaction intermediates do not become too disparate. Experimental data for the sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium pump support these theoretical conclusions. PMID- 6216477 TI - Transcription terminates at lambda tR1 in three clusters. AB - Transcription of the rightward operon of bacteriophage lambda terminates in the presence of rho factor at a region known as tR1, located downstream of the structural gene for the lytic repressor cro. We demonstrate by nuclease Sl mapping that transcription termination at lambda tR1 occurs in vitro over a stretch of 60 nucleotides. End points of transcripts are clustered in three distinct regions, which we refer to as termination sites I, II, and III. Termination at site I is inhibited by L factor, whereas termination at sites II and III is not affected by L factor. The sensitivities of these sites to rho factor are in the order III greater than II greater than I. The cin-lcnc-l mutations abolish termination at site II but not at sites I and III; this result may explain the failure of these mutations to alleviate the phage requirement for N function for growth. Although possible stem-and-loop structures in the RNA transcript immediately upstream of each of the three termination sites can be found, no consistent correlation exists between the strengths of these stem-and loop structures and the termination efficiencies of their respective sites. PMID- 6216478 TI - Initiation of bacteriophage lambda DNA replication in vitro with purified lambda replication proteins. AB - We have developed a soluble enzyme system that replicates exogenously added plasmid DNA (lambda dv) bearing the replication origin of the bacteriophage lambda chromosome. The system contains pure phage lambda O and P replication proteins and a partially purified mixture of Escherichia coli replication proteins [the enzyme system of Fuller, R.S., Kaguni, J.M. & Kornberg, A. (1981) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 78, 7370-7374). The features of lambda dv replication in this system closely resemble the known characteristics of phage lambda DNA replication in vivo. The system (i) depends completely on exogenously supplied DNA, (ii) specifically replicates supercoiled plasmid DNA that contains a lambda replication origin, (iii) depends on both the lambda O protein and the lambda P protein, (iv) depends on RNA polymerase, (v) depends on host replication proteins (e.g., primase, dnaB protein, and several others that function in the priming of DNA synthesis in E. coli) as judged by antibody inhibitions, and (vi) replicates as much as 32% of added lambda dv plasmid DNA through a single complete round to generate catenated daughter molecules. Furthermore, replication of lambda dv DNA in vitro requires DNA gyrase and an ATP-regenerating system. It is notable that addition of lambda O and P proteins to the mixture of E. coli replication proteins inhibits replication of plasmids bearing the origin of the E. coli chromosome. Exploitation of this enzyme system should allow a detailed investigation of the biochemical mechanisms involved in bacteriophage lambda DNA replication and its regulation. PMID- 6216479 TI - Distance from cohesive end site cos determines the replication requirement for recombination in phage lambda. AB - Previous work showed that crossing-over in the middle of the chromosome of phage lambda requires more DNA replication than does crossing-over near the termini. Relocation of cos, the sequence that determines the lambda termini, alters the requirements for replication in a given marked interval, demonstrating that distance from cos determines the amount of DNA replication that is required for genetic exchange. This result supports a break and copy mechanism for recombination mediated by the red system of phage lambda. PMID- 6216480 TI - Adenovirus DNA replication in vitro: identification of a host factor that stimulates synthesis of the preterminal protein-dCMP complex. AB - A protein factor that participates in the formation of a covalent complex between the 80,000-dalton precursor of the adenovirus (Ad) terminal protein (pTP) and 5' dCMP has been isolated and characterized. This 47,000-dalton protein, isolated from nuclear extracts of uninfected HeLa cells, has been designated nuclear factor I. It is free of detectable DNA polymerase alpha, beta, and gamma activities. In the presence of Ad DNA-prot, the Ad-protein fraction (containing the pTP and the Ad-associated DNA polymerase), ATP, Mg2+, and dCTP, nuclear factor I stimulates formation of the pTP-dCMP complex. Addition of the Ad DNA binding protein (Ad DBP) renders the formation of the pTP-dCMP complex completely dependent on the addition of nuclear factor I. When Ad DNA-prot is replaced with phi X174 single-stranded circular DNA, pTP-dCMP complex formation requires only the Ad-protein fraction; Ad DBP and ATP are inhibitory and nuclear factor I has no effect on this reaction. This suggests that the initiation reaction observed with Ad DNA-prot in the absence of Ad DBP occurs at single-stranded DNA sites. In the presence of Ad DBP, these sites are blocked thus creating a requirement for nuclear factor I in pTP-dCMP complex formation. PMID- 6216481 TI - Achievement of high rates of in vitro synthesis of 1,4-beta-D-glucan: activation by cooperative interaction of the Acetobacter xylinum enzyme system with GTP, polyethylene glycol, and a protein factor. AB - Regulatory properties of a cellulose synthase (UDP-forming)(UDPglucose:1,4-beta-D glucan 4-beta-D-glucosyltransferase, EC 2.4.1.12) have been demonstrated by using enzyme preparations derived from cells of Acetobacter xylinum. Preparation of a particulate fraction in the presence of 20% (wt/vol) polyethylene glycol-4000 (PEG-4000) yields enzyme with activity 3- to 10-fold higher than that previously reported. The enzyme prepared in this fashion also shows a further marked, specific activation by GTP. The Ka for GTP is 34 microM. Guanosine 5'-[gamma thio]triphosphate, an analog of GTP, is even more effective than GTP (Ka for guanosine 5'-[gamma-thio]triphosphate = 17 microM). A large number of other nucleotides and nucleotide derivatives were tested with no effect. Enzyme prepared in the absence of PEG-4000 does not respond to GTP because it lacks a protein factor necessary for GTP activation. PEG-4000 promotes the interaction of the protein factor with the enzyme. The factor itself has no synthase activity nor does it stimulate activity of the enzyme in the absence of GTP. In the presence of GTP, protein factor, and PEG-4000, initial rates of enzyme activity 200 times greater than those previously reported can be achieved. Such rates exceed 40% of the in vivo rate of cellulose synthesis from glucose. PMID- 6216482 TI - Spermidine-condensed phi X174 DNA cleavage by micrococcal nuclease: torus cleavage model and evidence for unidirectional circumferential DNA wrapping. AB - Spermidine-condensed phi X174 replicative form (RF) II DNA was digested with micrococcal nuclease to yield seven identifiable DNA bands forming an arithmetic fragment-length series. The DNA monomer unit length was found to be 780 +/- 80 base pairs. This result is most consistent with a proposed model for micrococcal nuclease cleavage of a DNA torus organized by the unidirectional, circumferential wrapping of B-geometry DNA. By a topological consideration, the blunt-end-rod fusion model for torus formation [Eickbush, T. H. & Moudrianakis, E. N. (1978) Cell 13, 295-306] is shown to be inconsistent with our empirical solution results. We propose a continuous, circumferential DNA wrapping model in which a significant fraction of the collapsed circular phi X174 RFII DNA molecules form regular toruses comprised of seven complete, unidirectional double-helical wraps. PMID- 6216483 TI - Mechanism of active transport: free energy dissipation and free energy transduction. AB - The thermodynamic pathway for "chemiosmotic" free energy transduction in active transport is discussed with an ATP-driven Ca2+ pump as an illustrative example. Two innovations are made in the analysis. (i) Free energy dissipated as heat is rigorously excluded from overall free energy bookkeeping by focusing on the dynamic equilibrium state of the chemiosmotic process. (ii) Separate chemical potential terms for free energy donor and transported ions are used to keep track of the thermodynamic state of each substrate through the reaction cycle. These procedures clarify the mechanism of free energy transduction, even without step by-step analysis. The results show that free energy exchange must occur in its entirety among protein-bound species. Imposition of conditions for an adequate rate of physiological function further indicates (i) that the standard free energy of hydrolysis of protein-bound ATP (to yield protein-bound products) needs to differ substantially from the standard free energy of hydrolysis in solution and (ii) that binding sites for the transported ions must have different affinities when facing opposite sides of the membrane. The results also demonstrate that step-by-step "basic" free energy changes (often used in the form of free energy level diagrams) are inherently unsuited for analysis of the mechanism of free energy transduction. PMID- 6216484 TI - A phylogeny for the principal alleles of the human phosphoglucomutase-1 locus. AB - The results of phosphoglucomutase-1 (PGM1) typings by starch gel electrophoresis and subtypings by isoelectric focusing are presented for a sample of Japanese. A distinction made on the basis of isoelectric focusing (termed "+" and "-") is nonrandomly associated with each of the products of the four most common electrophoretic alleles (PGM1(1), PGM1(2), PGM1(3), and PGM1(7). The isoelectric trait cosegregates with the allele; the degree of nonrandomness of the association varies from allele to allele. Thus, the four alleles become eight. On the basis of these facts plus the additive nature of the pI differences between allele products and the geographical distribution of the alleles, an allele phylogeny can be constructed. This postulates that the eight alleles may be explained by three nucleotide substitutions involving the stem allele plus four intragenic recombinations between these substitutions. The potential of intragenic recombination as a cause of mutation has been insufficiently appreciated. PMID- 6216485 TI - Enhanced suppressor cell activity as a mechanism of immunosuppression by 2,3,7,8 tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin. PMID- 6216487 TI - Tumor recurrence in the renal fossa and/or the abdominal wall after radical nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma. PMID- 6216486 TI - Murine renal cell carcinoma: a suitable human model. AB - Many models of renal cell carcinoma are available. They have been observed in various species of animals. However, a renal adenocarcinoma which metastasizes, is available for study, and can be serially transplanted in BALB/c mice, appears to be the currently favored model. Our results reported herein describe a study on tumor kinetics, the effects of chemotherapy and other manipulations which appear relevant to the human state. A brief description of other available models is provided. PMID- 6216488 TI - Free radical damage to sarcoplasmic reticulum of masseter muscle by arachidonic acid and prostaglandin G2. AB - In vitro generation of free radicals by xanthine oxidase acting on hypoxanthine as a substrate induced a decreased calcium uptake velocity and reduced calcium dependent ATPase activity of isolated sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) vesicles from canine masseter muscle at pH 7.0. At pH 5.5 calcium uptake velocity was also reduced but ATPase activity was unaffected. Application of arachidonic acid or prostaglandin G2 induced the depression of both calcium uptake velocity and ATPase activity. The effect of arachidonic acid and prostaglandin G2 on ATPase activity depended on the pH. At pH 7.0, ATPase activity was decreased, but at pH 5.5 it was unchanged. These effects were reversed by superoxide dismutase (SOD) at pH 7.0, and by SOD plus mannitol at pH 5.5. Prostaglandin H2, prostaglandin E2 and 11,14,17-eicosatrienoic acid had no effect on calcium uptake velocity and ATPase activity at both pH 7.0 and pH 5.5. These results suggest that damage to the masseter muscle is caused by a free radical superoxide anion generated as a result of increased prostaglandins synthesis, and by the production of more lethal hydroxyl radical switched from the production of superoxide anion at low pH. PMID- 6216489 TI - Recent observations on new potential and established antidepressant drugs. PMID- 6216490 TI - The motor unit. Anatomy and physiology. AB - The physiological and anatomical properties of mammalian motor units are discussed, and the results of human and animal studies are compared. A physiological organization of motor units based on the mechanical properties of their associated muscle units is examined. It is concluded that such an organizing principle has broad universal application in both animal and human studies. An anatomical organization of muscle units by their association with their physiological properties and the histochemical profile of their muscle fibers is also considered. The anatomical organizing principle also has broad ranging applicability. The organization of muscle units according to muscle architecture and innervation patterns is described and its potential applicability to considerations of muscle structure and function is discussed. It is concluded that a number of gaps in our knowledge of muscle unit organization have been identified, especially among human studies, but the potential to fill these gaps rapidly is great. PMID- 6216491 TI - Mechanisms for dye-mediated photodynamic action: singlet oxygen production, deoxyguanosine oxidation and phage inactivating efficiencies. PMID- 6216492 TI - The relation of plasma androgen levels to sexual behaviors and attitudes of women. AB - Four androgens: dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), androstenedione (A), testosterone (T), and dihydrotestosterone (DHT), a variety of sexual behaviors and attitudes, and several moods were determined regularly in two groups of healthy, married women who differed by three decades in age. The younger women exhibited significantly higher levels of each androgen, the differences being almost entirely attributable to ovarian failure in the older group. Although the older women reported the same levels of sexual desire and sexual arousal as the younger women, their intercourse frequencies and self-rated sexual gratification scores were significantly lower than the values obtained for the younger wives. One or more of the androgen levels related significantly and in the expected direction to each stage of the four-stage sexual response process. Global measures of so called "sexual adjustment" and estimates of anxiety, depression, and hostility feelings experienced by these women did not relate significantly to any of the four androgen levels. PMID- 6216493 TI - [Significance of nutrition counseling for dental health of handicapped patients]. PMID- 6216494 TI - Pupils and teachers attitudes toward handicapped children. PMID- 6216495 TI - Osteomyelitis in the neonate. Clinical aspects and the role of radiography and scintigraphy in diagnosis and management. AB - Based on experience with 22 cases of neonatal osteomyelitis in 10 years, the authors suggest these patients can be divided into two groups depending on severity of disease. Premature infants requiring umbilical catheterization and severely ill full-term infants constitute a high-risk group; signs are more overt, multifocal infection and joint involvement more frequent, and severe skeletal deformities more common. The patients in the low-risk group had much milder disease but also presented more difficulty in diagnosis because of the vagueness of the presenting signs. Radiographic examination is essential for diagnosis and follow-up of osteomyelitis, particularly limb deformities. Bone scans should be reserved for situations in which the clinical and radiographic findings are equivocal. PMID- 6216497 TI - A new minicatheter and deflector technique for renal angioplasty. PMID- 6216496 TI - Evaluation of the grafted ascending aorta with computed tomography. Complications caused by suture dehiscence. AB - Patients who have undergone surgery on the thoracic aorta and placement of a synthetic tubular graft need close, long-term radiological follow-up, as they are at risk of not only complications and progression of the underlying disease (atherosclerosis, dissection, or cystic medial necrosis) but also complications of the procedure, notably suture dehiscence leading to formation of an aneurysm around the graft. In a series of 14 asymptomatic postoperative patients studied by computed tomography (CT), the authors detected leakage of contrast material around the graft in 6 patients, 2 of whom required re-operation to correct suture dehiscence. CT is a noninvasive and sensitive method of postoperative evaluation of patients who have undergone an aortic graft. PMID- 6216498 TI - The Bell-Thompson rule as an aid for peripheral percutaneous transluminal angioplasty. PMID- 6216499 TI - [Identification of the mycotoxin zearalenone in Argentina]. AB - Zearalenone, an estrogenic toxin produced by several Fusarium sp., was detected by two chromatographic methods in grain and food samples from several farms of th Buenos Aires Province. Suspected zearalenone spots were identified by comparing their Rf against that of the pure substance, by their change of behaviour under ultraviolet light of different wavelengths, by comparing the Rf against a standard preparation after thin layer chromatography in four different solvent systems, and by color reactions obtained after spraying reagents on the thin layer chromatographic plates. Sixteen of 55 samples were positive, with concentrations of the toxin ranging from 200 ppb to 750 ppb. Only Fusarium graminearum was isolated from eleven of these samples, indicating that the fungus was inactivated by heat or antifungal treatments. PMID- 6216500 TI - Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy--therapy with slow channel inhibiting agents. AB - Slow channel inhibiting agents, particularly verapamil, appear to produce beneficial effects in relieving symptoms of dyspnea, chest pain, and syncope or presyncope in over 70% of patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Symptomatic relief occurs in patients with and without left ventricular outflow obstruction. Exercise hemodynamics, exercise tolerance, and cardiac performance during exercise tend to improve. The mechanisms for this symptomatic improvement, however, are not fully explained. Relief of symptoms is observed irrespective of any changes in the resting or provocable left ventricular outflow gradient. Similarly, changes in left ventricular systolic function, which in general remains unaffected, cannot be the basis for the beneficial response. Slow channel inhibiting agents, however, appear to improve left ventricular diastolic function, the mechanism of which is yet to be elucidated. Nevertheless, improved left ventricular diastolic function may provide an explanation for the relief of some symptoms in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. The influence of therapy with slow channel inhibiting agents on arrhythmias, sudden death, and on long-term prognosis of patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy remains uncertain at the present time and should be the subject of future investigations. PMID- 6216501 TI - Central nervous system receptors in neuropsychiatric disorders. AB - 1. Introduction of radioligand binding techniques has opened new possibilities in the study of the biological basis of psychiatric disorders. 2. The possible role of CNS receptors in schizophrenia, depression, anxiety, Huntington's disease and Alzheimer's dementia is discussed. 3. Data are presented in a systematic manner starting with the identification of receptors which appear to be the primary locus of action of drugs currently used in the treatment of these disorders. 4. A review of the data on the changes in receptor levels and/or affinity that might be associated with the respective disease follows. 5. Changes in receptor number and/or affinity after chronic drug therapy are outlined and the possible utilization of radioligand binding techniques in drug plasma level determination is discussed. PMID- 6216502 TI - Abdominal tuberculosis in children. AB - Fifty cases of abdominal tuberculosis, seen over a 10-year period, are reviewed. A mass in the abdomen, with or without intestinal obstruction, was the commonest mode of presentation. Biochemical, haematological and bacteriological tests were of limited help in making a definite diagnosis, which was largely based on laparoscopic findings or on biopsy material obtained at operation. Laparoscopy was considered a simple, safe and reliable method for diagnosis, and it was at times possible to avoid a laparotomy. At operation, only the minimum of surgery was attempted. Division of bands, adhesiolysis, and conservative resection were performed, according to the intraoperative findings. Bypass operations are reserved for duodenal obstruction or extensively involved bowel. The prognosis was found to be excellent and the mortality negligible. PMID- 6216503 TI - [Unresolved problems of industrial dermatology in Poland]. PMID- 6216504 TI - [Primary amenorrhea. Some of its variants]. PMID- 6216505 TI - [Trichromatic colorimetric studies of the action of some anesthetics on decomposition of the visual pigment]. PMID- 6216506 TI - [Diabetic retinopathy: medico-social aspects of dispensary treatment]. PMID- 6216507 TI - [Keratotomy in correction of refractive errors]. PMID- 6216508 TI - [Extraction of magnetic foreign bodies from the posterior pole under ophthalmoscopic control]. PMID- 6216509 TI - [Clinico-surgical problems in diseases of the optic chiasm with atypical symptomatology]. PMID- 6216510 TI - [Combined operation in glaucoma and cataract (operative technic and results)]. PMID- 6216511 TI - [Antihypertensive vasodilators in ophthalmology]. PMID- 6216512 TI - [Antibiotic treatment in ocular surgery]. PMID- 6216513 TI - [New clinical aspects of herpetic keratitis]. PMID- 6216514 TI - [Deep neuroparalytic keratitis following ophthalmic zona]. PMID- 6216515 TI - [Reversible glaucomatous excavation in a patient with juvenile glaucoma]. PMID- 6216516 TI - [Marginal notes on several cases of neuroretinitis of lactation]. PMID- 6216517 TI - [Current concept of prevention in ophthalmologic practice]. PMID- 6216518 TI - ["Corneal replication"--a method of morphological research in corneal pathology]. PMID- 6216519 TI - [Value of the chromatic sense and the electroretinogram in the diagnosis of papillitis]. PMID- 6216520 TI - [Electronystagmography in multiple sclerosis]. PMID- 6216521 TI - [Problems of differential diagnosis and treatment in serous central chorioretinopathy]. PMID- 6216522 TI - [Observations on a cases of nasal dysembryoma]. PMID- 6216523 TI - [Rhinitis caused by contact with chemical substances]. PMID- 6216524 TI - [Impairment of the acoustico-vestibular apparatus after craniocerebral injuries studies for the past 4 years at the Resita hosptial]. PMID- 6216525 TI - [Onychodystrophy associated with perceptive deafness]. PMID- 6216526 TI - [Apitherapy of chronic rhinopharyngolaryngitis and rhino-sinusitis]. PMID- 6216527 TI - [Acupuncture, an effective means of treatment of cervical pathological states and other ORL diseases]. PMID- 6216528 TI - [Difficulties and errors in the diagnosis of collagen diseases with ORL manifestations]. PMID- 6216529 TI - [Diagnosis and differential diagnosis of cancer of the maxillary sinus]. PMID- 6216530 TI - [Difficulties of etiological diagnosis and therapeutic management of some cases of epistaxis]. PMID- 6216531 TI - [Nerve graft predegenerated in situ, and fresh nerve graft. Comparative study in the rabbit]. AB - Experimental studies have been made in rabbits in which an operative gap in the nerve was bridged either with a fresh nerve graft taken from the opposite side or with a degenerate graft, the nerve on the opposite side having been divided 15 days earlier. Technical details of the method are described. An electromyographic study demonstrated better results with the predegenerate graft and histological examination showed a better maturation of the axons. PMID- 6216532 TI - [Biomechanical study of the ankle joint]. AB - The authors have studied the transmission of body weight in several positions. Two methods have been used - strain gauges and injection of dye into the joint capsules to show areas with contact during weight-bearing and non weight-bearing. The findings have shown the role of the fibula and of both malleoli during weight bearing which causes a noticeable increase in the area of surface contact. The lateral aspect of the talus and the medial aspect of the lateral malleolus are always in contact in any position of the talus. The fundamental role of the tibio fibular ligaments in the mechanics of the ankle is demonstrated. PMID- 6216533 TI - [Fractures of the lateral malleolus with interposition of the medial collateral ligaments]. AB - The authors have observed 10 cases of isolated fracture of the lateral malleolus associated with rupture and interposition of the medial collateral ligament. It was concluded that this type of lesion should not be treated conservatively. The ligament should be surgically repaired and the malleolus fixed. The results were excellent in 9 cases out of 10. PMID- 6216534 TI - [Treatment of anterior sternoclavicular dislocations. Apropos of 18 cases]. AB - Eighteen cases of subluxation or dislocation of the sterno clavicular joint are reported. Six subluxations have been treated conservatively with prompt and good recovery. Out of twelve dislocations, three have not been operated on : two have recovered satisfactorily, after wiring and capsular suture (two recent cases) and after wiring and ligamentoplasty with palmaris longus (two old cases). But capsular suture and wiring gave only a fair result in one case of recurring dislocation, while tenodesis after Jackson Burrows gave excellent results in three cases. In recent cases, open reduction with wiring and capsular suture is advised, and tenodesis with subclavius, every time capsular suture is unsatisfactory and in all ancient and recurring cases, when troublesome. PMID- 6216535 TI - [Patella infera. Apropos of 128 cases]. AB - A low patella is frequently a complication of a lesion of the knee but it can also present secondary symptoms of its own. The authors describe an original method for assessment of the vertical level of the patella. They have tried to establish a relationship between the low situation of the patella and pain of a certain type associated with limited flexion of the knee. Physiopathological and biomechanical evidence is taken into account. In most instances, a low patella is secondary either to a mechanical cause, natural or iatrogenic, or to an inflammatory cause such as algodystrophia. 29 patients out of 128 observed cases have been operated on. 17 of these were due to excessive transplantation of the anterior tibial tubercle. In most of the cases the tibial tubercle was transplanted upwards in association with a joint release. In only 3 cases a patellectomy was done. The results were excellent or good in half of the cases and unsatisfactory in the other half. PMID- 6216536 TI - [Bone sarcoma after radiotherapy. Apropos of 5 cases]. AB - The authors describe 5 cases of bone sarcoma appearing between 9 and 29 years after radiation therapy. One patient was still surviving 21 years after above knee amputation, two died rapidly and two were lost to follow up. It is concluded that the incidence of post-radiation sarcoma is low but also that non-malignant tumours such as giant-cell tumours should never be treated by more than 1500 rads. PMID- 6216537 TI - [Posttraumatic club-hand. Therapeutic problems (apropos of 5 cases)]. AB - Progressive radial deviation after epiphyseal separation in children is a rare complication. It is related to an imbalance of residual growth potential of the lower ends of the radius and ulna together. The functional disability is generally moderate. 5 cases were observed by the authors, all of which were treated surgically. The mechanism of the deformity and the surgical techniques are described. These are lengthening of the radius, angulation osteotomy of the radius, shortening of the ulna or epiphysiodeses. In some cases, operative excision of a partial epiphyseal closure can be done provided that there has been a close follow up after the trauma and an early diagnosis. PMID- 6216538 TI - [Congenital aplasia of the pubic bone]. PMID- 6216540 TI - [Total hip disc pressure prosthesis without a femoral shaft. A new approach to problems of the non-cemented hip prosthesis]. PMID- 6216539 TI - [Method for reconstructing the circular metacarpophalangeal trochlea of the thumb]. AB - The consequences of the division of the pulley of the flexor hallucis longus are described. This division may be necessary for the repair of tendon or in the treatment of trigger thumb. After division, the pulley cannot be sutured and the flexor tendon remains displaced anteriorly. The authors describe a technique of repair using a flap detached from the tendon of the adductor pollicis. 6 cases have been operated on with good results. PMID- 6216541 TI - [Patellar innervation. Surgical consequences]. PMID- 6216543 TI - [Experience with Atlanta's ambulatory orthesis in the treatment of primary hip osteochondritis]. PMID- 6216544 TI - [Orthopedics of sitting positions]. PMID- 6216542 TI - [What can be expected from intracavitary injections of corticoids in the treatment of essential bone cysts in children?]. PMID- 6216545 TI - [Critical study of nailing of the tibia with reaming and a closed focus. Apropos of a continuous series of 100 cases]. PMID- 6216546 TI - [Late release of soft tissues in the treatment of talipes equinovarus]. PMID- 6216547 TI - [Fractures of the body of the tarsal scaphoid]. PMID- 6216548 TI - [Osteotomy of the calcaneum in static disorders of the back of the foot in adults]. PMID- 6216549 TI - [Painful fabella syndrome]. PMID- 6216550 TI - [Vascularized free bone transplants in loss of bony substance of the extremities. Round table]. PMID- 6216551 TI - [Results of 145 SCA (sans ciment acrylique) prostheses implanted without cement in the hip since 1974]. PMID- 6216552 TI - [Trochanteroiliac coaptation. Apropos of 91 cases]. PMID- 6216553 TI - [Dearthrodesis of the hip and total arthroplasty]. PMID- 6216554 TI - [Indications, technics and results of 70 replacements of total hip prostheses]. PMID- 6216555 TI - [Fractures of the acetabulum. Results 5 years later. Round table]. PMID- 6216556 TI - [Reactions of intact bone to carbon osteosynthesis plates. A study on the femur of dogs]. PMID- 6216557 TI - [Diaphyseal pseudarthrosis and bone healing]. PMID- 6216558 TI - [Experimental study in dogs. Replacement of the anterior cruciate ligament by a free transplant of the patellar tendon]. PMID- 6216559 TI - [Biomechanical theory of the genesis of primary coxarthosis]. PMID- 6216560 TI - [Subacute infectious endocarditis in an elderly patient suffering from obstructive cardiomyopathy]. PMID- 6216561 TI - [Hypophosphatasia in the adult. Considerations apropos of a case]. PMID- 6216562 TI - [Glycolytic regulatory enzymes in erythrocytes, reticulocytes and immature bone marrow cells of rats]. AB - Kinetic characteristics of glycolytic kinases in cells of the erythrocytic line have been studied in rats. Erythrocyte Hexokinase (HK) shows low Km, while in reticulocytes a high Km enzyme is also found. The low Km HK is inhibited by higher than physiological concentrations of 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate. The ATP inhibition of 6-phosphofructokinase (PFK) from erythrocytes and reticulocytes, and the deinhibitory effect shown by AMP and cyclic-AMP, are lower in situ than in vitro. The sigmoidal fructose-6-phosphate saturation curve for PFK is observed in vitro but not in situ. Under this approach the enzyme shows hyperbolic kinetics, lower response to positive allosteric effectors and a decrease in activity. An antagonistic effect is shown by cyclic-AMP and cyclic-GMP on the in vitro sigmoidal behaviour of PFK. Phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK) is an hyperbolic enzyme, with similar Km values, in erythrocytes, reticulocytes and bone marrow cells. Pyruvate kinase shows sigmoidal kinetics and activation by fructose-1,6 bisphosphate (FBP) in erythrocytes; a non rectangular hyperbolic kinetics with negative cooperativity, lack of response to FBP and inhibition by ATP and L alanine, was observed in the bone marrow enzyme. PMID- 6216563 TI - [Metastasis. Natural history and therapeutic data]. PMID- 6216564 TI - [The fibrinolytic system. Endogenous and exogenous activation in the drug treatment of thrombosis]. PMID- 6216565 TI - [Clinico-anatomical study in hemorrhagic cerebral infarct]. PMID- 6216567 TI - [Levamisole treatment in multiple sclerosis and spastic pyramidal syndromes]. PMID- 6216566 TI - [Familial tuberous sclerosis in 2 successive generations with jacksonian crisis and grand-mal epilepsy]. PMID- 6216568 TI - [Bio-psycho-social tri-dimensional constructivism at the Socola school in view of contemporary psychiatry]. PMID- 6216569 TI - [Bioavailability of lithium from tablets containing different lithium salts]. PMID- 6216570 TI - [Treatment of nocturnal enuresis]. PMID- 6216571 TI - [Organizational aspects of emergency treatment of patients with mental disorders]. PMID- 6216572 TI - [Clinical study of 25 patients treated with cefoperazone, a 3d generation cephalosporin]. PMID- 6216573 TI - [Tooth extraction in patients undergoing anticoagulant therapy]. PMID- 6216575 TI - Screening for potential bleeding problems. PMID- 6216574 TI - [Recent progress in oral surgery of hemophiliacs. Apropos of a clinical case of multiple tooth extractions]. PMID- 6216576 TI - [Diagnostic value of the conventional chest X-ray for the assessment of the hemodynamics after combined aortic and mitral valve replacement]. AB - Conventional roentgenograms of 25 patients who underwent combined aortic and mitral valve replacement were evaluated and correlated with pre- and postoperative functional and haemodynamic parameters. The roentgenograms were obtained 6 months before and up to 25 months after valve replacement. A reduction in heart size could be seen in nearly all patients. This was independent of clinical and haemodynamic results. An increase in heart size always suggests severe haemodynamic worsening, especially a paravalvular leakage. The most valuable x-ray sign is the degree of pulmonary congestion, which is well correlated with the cardiac index. PMID- 6216577 TI - The role of minor chromosomal aberrations in reproduction disorders. A report on three new cases of satellites on chromosome 17. PMID- 6216578 TI - Effect of granulocytic chalone on the growth rate of continuous cell lines propagated in vitro: a new assay system. AB - The progress of research on granulocytic chalone has been hampered by a lack of reliable assay systems. This paper reports the use of continuous cell lines growing in liquid suspension culture as a new method for assessing the effect of granulocytic chalone on cell proliferation. Partially purified granulocytic chalone (PPGC) was added to cultures of a rat myeloid cell line (W25), a human myeloid cell line (HL60), a human B lymphocytic cell line (8392), and a human T lymphocytic cell line (8402). The growth rate of the target cell populations was directly assessed by serial cell counts. PPGC pretreatment resulted in a significant inhibition of cell proliferation of the 2 myeloid permanent cell lines, while the growth rate of the lymphocytic cell lines was not affected. Moreover, inhibition of cell proliferation was spontaneously reversed when PPGC treatment was discontinued. Since PPGC from ox leucocytes displayed an inhibitory effect on cell proliferation which was specific to the myeloid cells, spontaneously reversible and not species-specific, it appears to have all the essential properties of a granulocytic chalone. PMID- 6216579 TI - Autologous mixed lymphocyte reactions in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and juvenile rheumatoid arthritis: both non-T cells and in-vivo-activated T cells can act as stimulator cells. AB - The lymphocyte responses in autologous mixed lymphocyte reactions (AMLR) between irradiated non-T and T lymphocytes from the peripheral blood (PB) of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and juvenile RA (JRA) patients were decreased compared with the AMLR responses of normal PB lymphocytes. Normal AMLR responses were seen in synovial tissue and the synovial fluid lymphocytes from RA and JRA patients. The lymphocyte responses were also decreased in AMLR between irradiated non-T cells from peripheral blood and T cells from synovial tissue (ST) in RA patients and between irradiated non-T from PB and synovial fluid (SF) T cells in JRA patients. However, when irradiated non-T cells from ST of RA patients or from SF of JRA patients were mixed with autologous PB T lymphocytes, increased lymphocyte responses were observed. SF T lymphocytes and ST T cells were also shown to stimulate autologous PB T lymphocytes. PMID- 6216580 TI - Density distribution profiles of T cells: TM, TG and TA cells and response patterns in autologous versus allogeneic MLRs. AB - Discontinuous Percoll gradients have been used to obtain selected human peripheral blood T lymphocytes without having to resort to interactions with immune complexes in the fractionation of Tm, Tg and Ta cells. Here, we could show that Ta cells represent a heterogeneous population with no distinct density profile, in contrast to light (Tg) and heavy (Tm) cells. Enriched, heavy Tm cells could be shown to be excellent responders in allogeneic MLR while failing to react in autologous MLR. In contrast, T cells of light density preferentially respond in autologous compared with allogeneic MLR. PMID- 6216581 TI - In vivo collaboration between precursor T cells and helper T cells in the development of delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction to influenza virus in mice. AB - Nude, athymic mice do not mount a delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) response to influenza A virus. A single injection of T helper cells (gamma-irradiated, 2-day immune spleen cells) or three injections over 3 days of a concanavalin-A activated spleen cell supernatant to virus-sensitized nude mice resulted in a 'normal' DTH response when the mice were challenged with the virus. It was previously shown that the cells responsible for the reaction were T cells and required I-region compatibility. Injection of T helper cells into normal mice did not affect the level of the subsequent DTH response. However, injection of such cells into mice pretreated with anti-thymocyte serum (ATS) restored the ability of the mice to mount a DTH response. The results show that (1) nude mice contain precursor T cells for influenza virus antigen; (2) an I region-restricted response can be generated in the absence of a thymus; and (3) in vivo collaboration between DTH T-cell precursors and helper T cells can be shown to occur in congenitally nude mice and ATS-treated mice. PMID- 6216582 TI - Significance of self-recognition and interleukin-2 for immunoregulation, autoimmunity and cancer. PMID- 6216583 TI - The localization of glomerular C3b receptor by immunoelectron microscopy. AB - By an indirect immunoperoxidase technique, rabbit antiserum to solubilized C3b receptor stained the glomeruli in cryostat sections of human kidney. The staining was localized to the glomerular basement membrane zone. Glomeruli in sections of aldehyde-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue did not stain. However, if the sections were pretreated with proteolytic enzymes, the glomeruli were stained by the antiserum as in the cryostat sections. Electron microscopy revealed that the reaction product was located in the cell membrane of the epithelial cells. In some cells the reaction product was also found in vacuoles in the cytoplasm. The basement membrane and endothelial and mesangial cells did not stain. PMID- 6216584 TI - The influence of HLA-D matching on the outcome of intrafamilial kidney transplantation with special emphasis on the predictive value of the relative response in MLC. AB - One hundred and three recipients of kidney transplants from living related donors were analyzed for the influence of HLA-D matching on graft survival. Sixty-two donors were parents and 41 brothers or sisters. Twenty-two of the siblings were HLA-A, B identical. The degree of HLA-D compatibility was measured in a mixed lymphocyte culture reaction. Whereas nonresponsiveness was found with HLA-A, B identical sibling donors, the haploidentical donors were found to initiate varying degrees of stimulation. The stimulation was, calculated as the relative response (RR) to the donor in relation to an unrelated individual or to lymphocytes pooled from a number of individuals. It was found that RR values above 55% predicted a graft survival that was significantly inferior to the group with values less than 20% (p less than 0.01) and also to the group with RR values between 20% and 55% (p less than 0.05). PMID- 6216585 TI - HLA-restricted cell-mediated cytotoxicity directed against male specific (H-Y) antigen after acute rejection of an HLA-identical sibling kidney. AB - A 22-year old female patient who received a kidney from her HLA-A, -B, -C and D/DR identical brother (HLA-A2, 28; B7, 14; DR1/2) acutely rejected the graft 2 1/2 weeks post transplantation. In vitro tests 1 month later, using recipient responding cells and donor stimulating/target cells, revealed: No direct cell mediated lympholysis (CML), but strong CML against donor target cells after priming in mixed lymphocyte cultures (MLC). Testing these cytotoxic cells from the patient on the panel of non-related target cells, we found positive CML only against target cells from male donors carrying HLA-A2 and/or -B7 specificities. Both MLC and CML tests using donor responding cells and recipient stimulating and target cells were negative. These findings indicate an HLA restricted cytotoxicity against a male-specific minor histocompatibility antigen, which may be the cause of rejection in this case. PMID- 6216586 TI - [Mental health damages in social insurance]. AB - Disablement Insurance As a rule there cannot be claimed medical measures for treatment of schizophrenia, cyclic and organic psychoses, neuroses, hypochondria and hysteria. A mental disturbance substantiates the claim for the disablement pension if due to its seriousness the utilization of the working capacities of the insured on the labour market cannot be demanded or if such a utilization is not bearable for the society. Compulsory Accident Insurance The Swiss Accident Insurance Organization is only liable for those neuroses that are in an adequate causality to the accidental occurrence it covers. Here belong the genuine accident neurosis, the fear neurosis and the therapy neurosis, however not the covetous neurosis. Health Insurance The insured afflicted with a neurosis cannot claim the sickness benefit as long as he is capable to overcome his reluctance to the assumption of sufficient work. PMID- 6216587 TI - [The spine--a focus of epidemic compensation disease]. AB - Description of functional and structural alterations of the spine with reference to their significance for the professional fitness. If the actual job has to be discontinued a professional readaptation is undertaken or an invalid pension can be accorded. Often there is a discrepancy between clinical and radiological findings and the diminished professional activity. These factors are discussed. A pension accorded to a younger individual discourages the personal engagement especially if the amount of this pension is high. PMID- 6216588 TI - [Prognostic factors in percutaneous transluminal dilatation of the renal arteries in renovascular hypertension]. AB - In 59 percutaneous transluminal dilatations (PTD) the coaxial double catheter system was chiefly used, and only in one case was the axillary approach necessary. Clinically relevant complications were 1 dissection of the dilated renal artery (re-dilated successfully) and 2 hemorrhages at the femoral puncture site (1 surgical repair). In 32 patients (follow-up 2-52 months, mean 20 months) blood pressure was lowered from 187/108 to 150/91 mm Hg despite reduced antihypertensive therapy (p less than 0.001). Out of 15 patients with atherosclerotic stenoses blood pressure was normalized by PTD in 2 cases (unilateral) and improved in another 8 cases. Out of 11 patients with fibromuscular dysplasia blood pressure was normalized in 7 cases (all unilateral), improved in 3 and unchanged in 1 (bilateral). Among 6 patients with miscellaneous disease (vasculitis, renal insufficiency) only 2 were improved. Thus, PTD of renal arteries is a useful alternative in the management of renovascular hypertension, mainly in patients with fibromuscular dysplasia, unilateral stenosis and elevated renal vein renin ratio. Long-term results are comparable to the surgical results. However, since no surgical dissection is necessary, morbidity is low and long and costly hospital stays can be avoided. The procedure can be repeated in relapsing cases. For rare complications a vascular surgery team should be available. PMID- 6216589 TI - [Renovascular hypertension: comparison between transluminal dilatation and surgical procedures]. AB - Percutaneous transluminal dilatation (PTD; n = 45) was compared with surgical procedures (n = 51) in 96 patients with renovascular hypertension. Since cases with atherosclerotic stenosis (ASS) are known to show a different response to surgery than those with fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD), group-specific analysis was performed. In their two subgroups (ASS and FMD) both surgical and dilated patients showed comparable mean age and sex distribution and serum creatinine. However, differences were observed in mean duration of hypertension and in pretreatment blood pressure values: surgical patients with ASS and FMD showed a lower mean duration of hypertension (operation: ASS 3.2, FMD 1.9 years; PTD: ASS 5.1, FMD 3.4 years) and higher mean blood pressure values (surgery: ASS 207/121, FMD 209/126 mm Hg; PTD: ASS 199/115, FMD 175/108 mm Hg). After a mean observation period of 2.6 years mean blood pressure fell in the surgery group to 147/90 mm Hg in the 26 cases with ASS, and to 139/87 mm Hg in the 25 patients with FMD. In dilated cases respective blood pressure values were 145/90 mm Hg (ASS, n = 17) and 132/84 mm Hg (FMD, n = 11). These results show a comparable blood pressure lowering effect for surgery and dilatation in renovascular hypertension. In cases with lengthy stenosis or involvement of primary branches of the renal artery and in those with aortic or poststenotic renal aneurysm a surgical technique should be performed, whereas in the remaining cases PTD represents a favourable procedure. PMID- 6216590 TI - A genetic switch in a bacterial virus. PMID- 6216591 TI - A baroque turn for intron processing. PMID- 6216592 TI - Red staining of skin due to contaminated methylethyl ketone. PMID- 6216593 TI - Allopurinol--induced skin reactions and agranulocytosis. PMID- 6216595 TI - Myosin light chain isozymes: assembly and kinetic properties. PMID- 6216594 TI - Acute hematogenous osteomyelitis of the rib. AB - Two cases of acute hematogenous osteomyelitis of the rib are presented. In one case the etiologic agent was Staphylococcus aureus coagulase-positive and in the other it was Bacteroides corrodens. Although an uncommon disease, hematogenous osteomyelitis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of destructive lesions of the rib. Anaerobic and aerobic cultures should be obtained for bacteriologic analysis. PMID- 6216596 TI - Chemical energetics, mechanics, and phosphorylation of regulatory light chains in mammalian fast- and slow-twitch muscles. PMID- 6216597 TI - Myocardial adaptation to stress from the viewpoint of evolution and development. AB - Myocardial hypertrophy, which results from the increase in demand placed on the heart, does not involve the simple enlargement of the myocardial cell. Instead, the cells are restructured in a manner that depends on the nature of the stress applied. The cellular reorganization involves the contractile, EC coupling, and recovery systems. In the remodeling of each of these systems, a repertoire of functional adaptation is used which bears a remarkable similarity to the changes seen in the differentiation of species and the development of muscle type. Thus, in pressure overload hypertrophy, where the maintenance of persistent high pressure in a necessity, the contractile system of the muscle is slower and more economical. This is similar to the specialization seen in the tortoise or in slow muscles like the rat soleus. In thyrotoxic hypertrophy, where the demand is to move the blood at high velocity, the muscle is fast and less economical. This is similar to the specialization seen in the frog sartorius or rat EDL. The restructuring involves specific molecular changes that uniquely adapt the muscles for the tasks at hand. PMID- 6216598 TI - Is the steric model of tropomyosin action valid? PMID- 6216599 TI - Comparative aspects of the regulation of contraction in vertebrate muscle. PMID- 6216600 TI - General considerations of cross-bridge models in relation to the dependence on MgATP concentration of mechanical parameters of skinned fibers from frog muscles. PMID- 6216601 TI - Omphalocele and gastroschisis: different entities, similar therapeutic goals. AB - Omphaloceles, varying widely in size and content, result from incomplete central fusion of the four somatic plates that come to form the abdominal wall. Gastroschisis, which permits the midgut to spill freely out of an otherwise properly formed abdominal wall, comes about from rupture of the cord membrane at its site of attachment to the umbilical skin. The advent of parenteral nutrition was a signal advance for babies born with both of these anomalies, allowing for their support while various surgical maneuvers are used to reconstruct the abdominal wall. PMID- 6216602 TI - Surgical procedures after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. AB - Since Gruentzig's introduction of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty in 1974, there has been increasing clinical use of this technic. At St. Thomas Hospital in Nashville, 50 patients were selected for coronary angioplasty through December 1981. Twenty of the 50 have ultimately had coronary artery bypass surgery. Excellent dilatation of the selected coronary artery was accomplished in 19 patients. Fair dilatation was achieved six times, and four of these patients have had elective coronary artery bypass surgery. In 18 patients the vessels could not be dilated, and 12 of this group had coronary artery bypass, three on an urgent basis. In the remaining seven patients, the affected coronary stenosis was converted to 100% occlusion during the angioplasty, resulting in four emergency operations and one death. It appears that percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty is not as easy to master as had been anticipated, and that the results are just good enough in our hands to justify perseverence. PMID- 6216603 TI - [Ways of improving dispensary services to the population]. PMID- 6216604 TI - [Complex socio-hygienic characteristics of cardiovascular pathology in rural populations]. PMID- 6216605 TI - [New frontiers of public health in Moldavia]. PMID- 6216606 TI - [Current problems of organizing rehabilitative treatment in nonspecific lung diseases]. PMID- 6216607 TI - [Transluminal dilatation of coronary, renal and peripheral artery stenoses]. PMID- 6216608 TI - [Development and current status of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty]. PMID- 6216609 TI - [Unusual indications for angioplasty]. PMID- 6216610 TI - The effect of the prostaglandin derivative PGBx on calcium uptake and release by skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum. AB - The effects of the prostaglandin derivative PGBx on calcium release and uptake by skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) and on (Ca2+ + Mg2+)- adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activity were studied using skeletal muscle from rabbit hind legs. Both calcium uptake and Ca2+-ATPase activity were significantly inhibited by PGBx. Addition of PGBx to SR vesicles resulted in the release of calcium. It is proposed that this action of PGBx could be effected by the inhibition of ATPase and resulting passive release of calcium. The possibility also exists that PGBx could decrease the capacity of the SR vesicles for calcium in addition to any possible ionophoretic properties. PMID- 6216611 TI - Analysis of a recent epidemic due to penicillinase-producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae: epidemiologic and medical considerations. AB - In Norfolk, Virginia, two epidemics of disease due to proved penicillinase producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae were investigated intensively, both epidemiologically and medically. The first epidemic appeared in October 1976 and was controlled in one month; it was followed by a hiatus of four years before the emergence of the second epidemic in October 1980. The latter apparently was brought under control by December 1980, since no more patients with penicillinase producing N. gonorrhoeae have been discovered to date (March 1982). Certain interesting medical aspects emerged from the investigation. Resistant organisms were cultured from asymptomatic as well as symptomatic patients and from all potentially infected sites. At times, resistant organisms were cultured from only one of several sites in a given patient or both resistant and sensitive organisms were cultured from a single site. It was concluded that this type of gonorrhea can be contained by intensive epidemiologic investigation combined with adequate diagnosis and treatment. PMID- 6216613 TI - Access to care: hospital dentistry for a special population. PMID- 6216612 TI - Penicillin and spectinomycin in treatment of gonococcal urethritis. AB - In view of the recent discovery of penicillinase-producing strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in Zambia, the efficacies of single intramuscular doses of aqueous procaine penicillin G (4.8 x 10(6) units plus 1 g of oral probenecid) and 2 g of spectinomycin were evaluated in an open clinical trial of the treatment of acute gonococcal urethritis in men. The former regimen was given to 123 men; failure of treatment was observed in 9.1% of the 88 men followed for two weeks. Spectinomycin was given to 124 men; treatment failure occurred in 3.8% of the 104 men followed for two weeks. During the trial, 190 unselected isolates of N. gonorrhoeae were screened by rapid iodometric test, and two penicillinase producing strains were detected. MICs of penicillin and spectinomycin were determined by the agar dilution method for 110 and 98 isolates, respectively. MICs of penicillin of greater than or equal to 0.125 micrograms/ml were observed with 78.2% of the strains, while 83.7% had MICs of spectinomycin of less than or equal to 15.0 micrograms/ml. It was suggested that penicillin be given routinely for treatment of gonorrhea in Zambia and that spectinomycin be reserved for treatment of gonococcal infections not cured by penicillin. PMID- 6216614 TI - Treatment of a traumatic ulcer on handicapped individual: a case report. PMID- 6216615 TI - Improvement in the oral hygiene of institutionalized mentally retarded individuals through training of direct care staff: a longitudinal study. PMID- 6216616 TI - Communications...an integral part of dentists/hospital relationship. PMID- 6216617 TI - Panniculectomy in conjunction with radical cystectomy in the obese patient. AB - Obesity in the abdominal area causes difficulty not only with the placement of an ileal conduit stoma and conduit length but also with surgical exposure during radical surgery to the pelvis. Such problems may be ameliorated by using a horizontal abdominal dermolipectomy in conjunction with a midline fascial and peritoneal incision and the Turnbull ileal stoma in selected obese patients. The advantages of this technique far outweigh the limited complications which may be encountered. PMID- 6216618 TI - Intraluminal velocity profile analyzed from flow waveforms. AB - Normal and abnormal flow waveforms, electromagnetically measured in the reconstructed arteries of patients with peripheral occlusive diseases of the lower extremity, were analyzed in terms of luminal velocity profile, using a newly designed flow wave simulation pump. The blood flow with normal flow wave was characterized by a large fluctuation in the velocity profile in the limited layer adjacent to the wall, where a reversal stream was characteristically noted during the phase of cardiac diastole. In contrast, in the abnormal flow wave, the velocity profile in the limited layer adjacent to the wall was always stagnant with little change in the velocity during each phase of a cardiac cycle. These observations clearly explain why an artery with a normal flow waveform remains patent, while an artery with an abnormal waveform tends to occlude. It was also found that the electromagnetically determined flow waveforms do provide the required information on the luminal velocity distribution. PMID- 6216619 TI - Arterial disruption and remodeling following balloon dilatation. AB - We studied immediate and long-term alterations in human atherosclerotic arteries subjected to balloon dilatation. Pathologic material included vessels obtained at amputation or autopsy that had been previously dilated in vivo and cadaver vessels dilated under physiologic pressure and temperature. All vessels were pressure-perfusion fixed, and morphologic observations were correlated with sequential angiograms obtained in 36 patients. Balloon dilatation resulted in disruption of both the plaque and the artery wall, with separation of the plaque from the tunica media, rupture of the tunica media, and stretching of the tunica adventitia to increase lumen cross-sectional area. The intimal plaque protruded into the lumen, accounting for the angiographic appearance of local flaps and dissection channels. Remodeling occurred by readherence of the intimal flaps with little change in plaque volume. Achievement of a sufficient radius of curvature may be necessary to achieve long-term patency. Restenosis may occur because of insufficient dilatation but may also result from extention of dissection channels into nondilated segments of the artery. PMID- 6216620 TI - Comparison of noncrimped, externally supported (EXS) and crimped, nonsupported Dacron prostheses for axillofemoral and above-knee femoropopliteal bypass. PMID- 6216621 TI - Dacron arterial grafts: the influence of porosity, velour, and maturity on thrombogenicity. AB - It has been claimed that the neointimal healing of Dacron arterial prostheses can be enhanced by increasing porosity and including both an internal and an external velour layer. To test this, 24 patients received at random either woven (USCI, DeBakey, C. R. Bard, Inc.) or more porous, double-velour, knitted (Microvel, Meadox Medicals, Inc.) Dacron aortobifemoral prostheses. Graft thrombogenicity was measured using autogenous 111In-labeled platelets shortly following surgery and 6 to 9 months later. The thrombogenicity index was defined as the mean daily rise in the ratio of emissions over the graft to emissions over a reference area (aortic arch) and is a measure of platelet deposition. At early study the mean (+/- SE) thrombogenicity index was similar in woven and knitted graft patients at 0.19 +/- 0.4 and 0.14 +/- 0.2, respectively. In both groups it was lower (P less than 0.05) 6 to 9 months later at 0.06 +/- 0.2 (woven( and 0.08 +/- 0.1 (knitted), with again no difference between materials. Although platelet survival was restored to near normal values in both groups by 6 to 9 months, only one woven graft failed to demonstrate continued platelet accumulation by gamma imaging. Thrombogenicity in Dacron grafts diminishes in the early months of maturation but is not affected by porosity and velour. Moreover, this thrombogenicity persists beyond the period of altered platelet survival. PMID- 6216622 TI - Treatment of acute peripheral arterial and graft thromboses with low-dose streptokinase. AB - Seventeen patients with acute peripheral arterial or graft occlusion were treated with local low-dose intra-arterial streptokinase. The series includes eight patients with native vessel occlusion, six patients with vein graft occlusion, two patients with prosthetic graft occlusion, and one patient with renal allograft artery occlusion. The duration of occlusion prior to streptokinase therapy varied from 2 hours to 5 weeks. The treatment was successful in 14 of the 17 instances. In conjunction with the successful thrombolytic therapy, percutaneous transluminal angioplasty was performed subsequently in 10 of the patients and reconstructive surgery in three. One major and five minor hemorrhagic complications occurred and were considered to be secondary to the streptokinase therapy. In follow-up of up to 9 months, 11 of the 14 successfully treated patients continued to have a good result, without any indication of recurrent arterial occlusion. Two patients have died of causes unrelated to thrombolytic therapy and one patient required bypass grafting for recurrent thrombosis. None of the successfully treated patients lost a limb. Of the three patients in whom thrombolysis was unsuccessful, two required amputation. Local intra-arterial low-dose streptokinase appears to be a promising alternative to immediate operative treatment in carefully selected cases of arterial occlusion. Definitive treatment of the underlying cause of the thrombus usually is required and changes of success may be enhanced by the thrombolytic therapy. PMID- 6216623 TI - Enhanced patency of small-diameter, externally supported Dacron iliofemoral grafts seeded with endothelial cells. AB - Fourteen adult foxhounds underwent bilateral iliofemoral bypasses with externally supported, knitted Dacron grafts measured 4 mm in internal diameter and 10 cm in length. These conduits were preclotted with 10 ml of blood mixed with 0.5 ml of culture medium. Autologous endothelial cells, enzymatically derived from external jugular veins, were added to blood and medium used to preclot one graft in each dog. The other, unseeded graft served as a control. Grafts were anastomosed, end to end, to the iliac and femoral arteries. All dogs received dipyridamole, 50 mg twice a day for 4 days preoperatively, and aspirin, 5 grains four times a day for 1 day preoperatively. Both drugs were continued 14 days after operation. Grafts were removed from three dogs at 2 and 4 weeks and from four dogs at 8 and 16 weeks. All grafts were patent at 2 weeks during drug administration. Cumulative patency rates beyond 2 weeks were 73% in 11 seeded grafts and 27% in 11 control grafts, a statistically significant difference (P = 0.03). Seeded grafts were completely surfaced with a monolayer of endothelium between 2 and 4 weeks. Small graft patency appeared related to evolution of endothelial surfaces, the development of which was clearly facilitated by seeding with autologous endothelium. PMID- 6216624 TI - Muscle-fibre composition of the human mandibular locomotor system. Enzyme histochemical and morphological characteristics of functionally different parts. PMID- 6216625 TI - [The M.S. patient in the nursing home - what value can ergotherapy have for the M.S. patient?]. PMID- 6216626 TI - Morphometric analysis of cardiac hypertrophy: left ventricular shape and number of muscle-fiber layers across left ventricular wall. AB - Left ventricular hypertrophy was quantitatively analysed in reference to the relation of ventricular shape and intramyocardial muscle-fiber arrangement. The shape of the ventricle was defined by VL/WL, left ventricular capacity ratio. The ratio was depressed in concentric hypertrophy due to pressure overload and elevated in eccentric hypertrophy due to volume overload. Moreover, VL/WL was reversely correlated with Nf, number of muscle-fiber layers across the left ventricular wall. The results supported the following view on the morphogenesis of left ventricular hypertrophy: The muscle fibers show the strained piling vertically across the ventricular wall to cause wall thickening and cavity narrowing in concentric hypertrophy. On the other hand, the muscle fibers are piled strongly in parallel to the ventricular surface in eccentric hypertrophy to result in attenuation of the wall thickness and dilatation of the ventricular cavity. PMID- 6216627 TI - The role of circulating immune-complex in pregnancy. AB - The circulating immune complexes (CIC) in pregnancy sera have been thought to be involved in immunosuppression and to be one cause of pre-eclampsia. We detected CIC in human pregnancy sera using Raji cell test. A significant positive correlation was observed between the titers of immune-complexes and the immunosuppression. Although there was no correlation between the titers of CIC and clinical symptoms of pre-eclampsia evaluated at 29 to 31 week, a strong correlation was observed between the titers of CIC at 29 to 31 week and clinical symptoms of pre-eclampsia evaluated just before delivery. These results suggest that CIC in pregnancy sera functions immunosuppressively and also causes pre eclampsia. It is useful to measure CIC levels for predisposing pre-eclampsia. PMID- 6216628 TI - [Morphohistochemical characteristics of human mandibular development in the intrauterine period]. PMID- 6216629 TI - [Analysis of the epidemiological situation in planning measures for preventing stomatological diseases among the population of Gulistan]. PMID- 6216630 TI - [Experience in training interns in stomatology at Smolensk Province centers]. PMID- 6216631 TI - [Pedodontics in the People's Republic of Bulgaria]. PMID- 6216632 TI - Contraceptive choices for lactating women: suggestions for postpartum family planning. PMID- 6216633 TI - Continuation of injectable contraceptives in Thailand. PMID- 6216634 TI - Generation of CFU-c suppressor T cells in vitro. IV. effect of time on the inhibitory activity of mitogen-primed normal T lymphocytes. AB - Bone marrow and peripheral blood T cells were obtained from 15 normal individuals by E rosetting and cultured in round-bottomed microwells for 7 days in RPMI or in RPMI supplemented with mitogens (pokeweed mitogen, phytohemagglutinin or concanavalin A). Supernatants and cells were harvested on days 1, 2, 3, 4 and 7 and co-cultured with normal marrow cells in semi-solid agar to test their CFU-c suppressor activity. The results of this study indicate that (a) RPMI treated cells and their supernatants have no effect or an enhancing effect on CFU-c growth; (b) all 3 mitogens generate CFU-c suppressor T cells on day 1 of culture; (c) the inhibitory activity is detectable until day 4 of culture, though overall reduced, and is completely lost on day; 7 (d) the trend for supernatants of mitogen-treated T cells is quite similar with a tendency to complete loss of the inhibitory effect on day 7. We interpret these data as indicating that T cells release a soluble inhibitor of CFU-c growth within a few hours from polyclonal activation, the production of which is either controlled or lost with time in culture. PMID- 6216635 TI - Isolation of human thymocytes differing in maturation state and function by centrifugal elutriation. AB - A modified centrifugal elutriation technique was used to separate (up to 3 X 10(9)) human thymocytes, according to size in 6 different fractions. Eighty percent of the unfractionated thymocytes were recovered in fractions 1 and 2. The majority of these thymocytes appeared to be small and phenotypically immature as was determined by the high percentage of cells reacting with the monoclonal antibodies OKT-6, Mas-036 and peanut agglutinin. In addition, a relatively low percentage of the cells reacted with a monoclonal antibody directed against HLA A, B and C determinants (Mas-015). The immaturity of these thymocytes was confirmed by their failure to respond to phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and their negligible responder capacity in mixed leukocyte cultures. Fractions 3-6, representing 20% of the unfractionated thymocytes, were collected arbitrarily and contained thymocytes of various maturation stages as judged by their phenotype. The PHA responsiveness and responder capacity in mixed leukocyte cultures of the thymocytes in these fractions were, in general, considerably higher than those of the unfractionated thymocytes. Our data indicate that centrifugal elutriation is a fast and reproducible method to separate large quantities of functionally inactive and phenotypically immature thymocytes from the more mature and functionally active thymocytes. PMID- 6216636 TI - [Dutch study of the older employee and retirement: an overview]. AB - This article reviews the Dutch research on older workers and retirement, which has been done between 1974 and 1979 and is reported in the Register van Sociaal Gerontologisch Onderzoek, deel III, 1974-1979. Described is research on older workers, early retirement and pre-retirement courses. It is concluded that research should also be directed towards the still healthy older worker, in order to take preventive measures; that for the enlargement of the possibilities of voluntary, early retirement the financial problems should first be solved and, finally, that evaluation research has to be done on the influence of pre retirement courses on the adjustment to retirement. Some research problems are mentioned. PMID- 6216637 TI - Red blood cell-bound C3d in normal subjects and in random hospital patients. AB - Red blood cells (RBC) drawn into EDTA from 103 normal adults, 26 newborn infants, and 203 randomly selected hospital patients, and into citrate-phosphate-dextrose (CPD) from 87 Red Cross donors, were evaluated for RBC-bound C3d by agglutination with anti-C3d and by a radiolabeled anti-antiglobulin technique. Positive agglutination reactions were observed only with RBC from 26 hospital patients; however, by the radiolabeled antiglobulin method, C3d was demonstrable on all RBC, but its amount varied widely among different subjects. A normal range for RBC-bound C3d was established. RBC-bound C3d levels were not related to the age (18-88 years) or sex of the subjects and remained unchanged over 9 months. Red blood cells taken into CPD had more RBC-bound C3d than cells taken into EDTA; cord RBC had less than adult RBC. In 39 percent of the hospital patients (excluding those with autoimmune hemolytic anemia) RBC-bound C3d was above the normal range and a good correlation was found between values obtained by the radiolabeled anti-antiglobulin method and by agglutination titration scores. There was a threshold level of RBC-bound C3d below which agglutination reactions were negative. Evaluation of RBC-bound C3d in health and disease is important for determining optimal characteristics of anticomplement antiglobulin reagents. PMID- 6216638 TI - Red blood cell-bound C3d in selected hospital patients. AB - A radioactive anti-antiglobulin technique was used to measure C3d bound to the red blood cells of 227 hospitalized patients in 129 patients, with a wide variety of diseases, normal levels of RBC-bound C3d were found. Seventy-two patients had moderately elevated RBC-bound C3d; they generally did not have autoimmune hemolytic anemia but had diseases in which complement is thought to be activated. Patients with markedly elevated RBC-bound C3d (26 patients) usually had autoimmune hemolytic anemia with a positive antiglobulin test. Some patients with only moderately elevated levels of RBC-bound C3d had autoimmune hemolytic anemia and a negative antiglobulin test in individual patients the level of RBC-bound C3d correlated with both the severity of disease and the response to treatment. RBC-bound C3b was detected in two patients with a very high level of RBC-bound C3d. This study provides background data for assessing the significance of complement activation and fixation to RBC in health and disease. PMID- 6216639 TI - [Urogenital tuberculosis: apropos of 20 cases]. PMID- 6216640 TI - [Side effects from sulindac (Clinoril)]. PMID- 6216641 TI - [Prognosis after operation of lumbago/sciatica not caused by disk herniation]. PMID- 6216642 TI - [Clinical significance of hematuria in nephrological practice]. PMID- 6216643 TI - [Scientifico-methodological prerequisites for organizing the early detection of hearing disorders in children]. PMID- 6216644 TI - [Method of laparoscopic transhepatic cholecystostomy]. PMID- 6216645 TI - [Achievements of vascular surgery in Uzbekistan]. PMID- 6216646 TI - Renal lesions in MRL mice. AB - Female MRL-Mp-lpr/lpr mice spontaneously develop autoimmune disease at three to five months of age and die most commonly from immune complex glomerulonephritis. Kidneys of two-month-old females appeared nearly normal by electron microscopy, and glomerular deposits of IgG an complement component 3 (C3) barely were detectable. In five-month-old females, immunofluorescence revealed numerous deposits of IgG and C3; glomerular mesangial cells were hypertrophic and hyperplastic and contained electron-dense material. There were subepithelial and subendothelial deposits of electron-dense material with swelling of epithelial cell cytoplasm. This disease has many features similar to the immune complex glomerulonephritis observed in New Zealand Black and White hybrid mice and in man. PMID- 6216647 TI - Comparison of protection against lungworm infection between levamisole-treated and vaccinated calves. PMID- 6216648 TI - [Development of the roentgenoradiologic service in the Moldavian SSR]. PMID- 6216650 TI - [Prevention of suppurative infection in hospital surgical departments]. PMID- 6216649 TI - Epithelioid granulomata in a nonossifying fibroma. The possible drug-induced mechanism. AB - A 13-year-old boy affected by bursitis of the R knee and nonossifying fibroma of the distal metaphysis of the R femur, was treated in the weeks prior to surgical intervention with water-soluble aspirin tablets to relieve local pain. Unexpected epithelioid cell granulomata were observed inside the neoplastic fibrous stroma of the nonossifying fibroma. The coincidental appearance of a slight blood eosinophilia (7%) and perioral fixed drug eruption are clues that suggest that the histological bone findings may represent an expression of the hypersensitivity response elicited by aspirin. It cannot be ruled out that this unusual finding may be related to documented previous trauma, resulting in interstitial hemorrhages and subsequent reactive resorptive processes. PMID- 6216651 TI - [Effectiveness of early rehabilitation at Arzni health resort of patients who have had a myocardial infarct]. PMID- 6216652 TI - [Use of physiotherapy in degenerative spinal diseases in the form of the vertebrogenic syndrome]. PMID- 6216653 TI - [Quantitative T- and B-lymphocyte interrelationships in the peripheral blood in eczema patients in the process of naphthalane therapy using an immunomodulator]. PMID- 6216654 TI - [Effect of climato- and balneotherapy in hypertension patients with neurological syndromes at Gagry health resort]. PMID- 6216655 TI - [The oncology service of Kirghizia]. PMID- 6216656 TI - [Method of calculating the indices of the observed and adjusted survival rate of cancer patients]. PMID- 6216657 TI - [Use of a computer for selecting persons to undergo cytological study in prophylactic stomatological cancer examinations]. AB - 5,320 workers of various professions in Leningrad were involved in a computerized primary screening for further detailed oncological and stomatological examination. On the basis of computer data, 55% of those involved in the questionnaire survey became candidates for such examination. Curettage was performed in cases of pathological changes in the mucosa of lip and oral cavity. Various diseases of the lip, oral cavity and throat (precancerous lesions--3.7, cancer--0.17%) were detected in 22.6%. No precancerous lesions or cancer were identified in the control group of 2,321 subjects. The results point to the effectiveness of computer and cytological examination application in mass oncostomatological screenings. PMID- 6216658 TI - [Basic stages in the development of the oncology service in the Uzbek SSR]. PMID- 6216659 TI - [Development of rheumatologic services in the Orenburg Region]. PMID- 6216660 TI - [History of the growth of rheumatology in the Georgian Soviet Republic]. PMID- 6216661 TI - [Advances in rheumatology in the Byelorussian SSR]. PMID- 6216662 TI - [Rheumatology in the Yaroslavl Region]. PMID- 6216663 TI - [Progress and challenges in rheumatology in the Uzbek SSR]. PMID- 6216664 TI - What are the established clinical indications for therapeutic plasma exchange and how important is the choice of replacement fluid for efficacy of therapeutic plasma exchange in these situations? PMID- 6216665 TI - [Use of medical gymnastics and measured swimming in treating chronic glomerulonephritis on the southern shore of the Crimea]. PMID- 6216666 TI - [Association of influenza virus intracellular ribonucleoproteins with the nonstructural virus-specific protein NS1]. PMID- 6216667 TI - Dementia: an overview. PMID- 6216668 TI - Regional trends in the work of WHO, 1980-81: 2. PMID- 6216669 TI - [Diagnosis and pathogenetic aspects of the Kartagener syndrome based on nasal mucosa biopsies]. AB - Nasal mucosa biopsies were taken from a child with Kartagener's syndrome. The biopsies were prepared for light and electron microscopic examination. Unfixed cryocut sections were stained with the magnesium-activated ATPase reaction. There was a partial loss of the dynein arms within the cilia. Many compound cilia were present and, sometimes, defects of the mitochondria of the lining epithelial cells as well as the glandular cells were observed. Histochemically the ATPase reaction was at first completely negative and sometime later it was greatly reduced within the lining and the glandular epithelial cells, especially in the apical border. Biopsies from children with cystic fibrosis and allergic rhinitis served as controls. PMID- 6216670 TI - [Transluminal dilatation of innominate stenosis in aortic arch syndrome]. AB - Successful percutaneous transluminal dilatation of an anonyma stenosis is reported. The patient was a 40 year-old male with the aortic arch syndrome. Five years before an occlusion of the central carotid artery, as well as anonyma and left subclavian stenoses were treated by means of vascular grafts. On recurrence of the neurological symptoms, reocclusion of the right graft to the anonyma artery and subtotal stenosis of the left carotid bifurcation was noted. The anonyma stenosis was dilated by means of PTD. Haemodynamic success was demonstrated by Doppler sonography. PMID- 6216671 TI - Unusual rhabdomyoma. PMID- 6216672 TI - [Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS)--an effective method of pain control in rehabilitation]. PMID- 6216673 TI - [Incidence of invalidism and severe handicap in diabetics in an agrarian region]. AB - The 1,409 diabetics registered in the district department for diabetes Prenzlau on December 31st 1979 were questioned concerning the occurrence of invalidity, the causes of invalidity and the frequency of a present severely disabled persons's card. 34.1% of the female and 28.5% of the male diabetics were physical disability pensioners or old-age pensioners. This frequency was 4 to 6 times higher than in the total population of Prenzlau. Disease of the heart and the circulatory system were for the most part the causes of invalidity in the two groups, while the specific diabetic complications played a minor role in the diabetics. 15.1% of the female and 25.4% of the male diabetics had a severely disabled person's card. The recommendations for a uniform criticism of the body injury in diabetes mellitus published already in 1961 should be revised because of the frequent diminution of the earning capacity in diabetics. PMID- 6216674 TI - [Benoxaprofen from the dermatologic viewpoint]. PMID- 6216675 TI - [Changes in serum lipid fractions as a side effect of oral retinoids]. AB - Alterations in lipid metabolism have been reported under treatment of various skin disorders with oral retinoids. In 36 patients, mostly psoriatics, under administration of aromatic retinoid (Ro 10-9359) in various dosages serum triglycerides and cholesterol were estimated; in 25 out of 36 patients lipid analysis of the lipoproteins and apoproteins A (HDL) and B (LDL) has been performed. To reveal possible similarities of lipid changes under the two main retinoids we determined the same parameter in 10 patients with conglobate acne treated orally with 13-cis-retinoic acid (isotretinoin/Ro 4-3780 1mg/kg b.w.). Under both drugs serum triglyceride and cholesterol levels were significantly increased. In contrast to the results under the aromatic derivate the HDL- and LDL-cholesterol fractions were changed under isotretinoin. The apoprotein A (HDL) was found significantly increased under aromatic retinoid. Elevated serum lipids mostly occurred in patients having risk factors such as preexisting lipid abnormalities, obesity, diabetes mellitus, heavy smoking, alcohol abuse and hyperlipemia-inducing drugs. Patients to be treated with these drugs should be carefully followed up in order to minimize the risk for atheromatosis. PMID- 6216676 TI - [Nail changes in Meleda disease]. AB - 11 patients with Mal de Meleda (keratoderma palmoplantaris transgrediens) had changes of the finger-and toenails. A peculiar alteration of the fingernails, in which the proximal part of the nails was pink, the distal part pale, was found in 3 patients. Polymorphous changes of the fingernails, but uniform changes of the toenails were found seen. PMID- 6216677 TI - [The significance of the isoenzyme pattern of myosin for myocardial mechanics and energetics. Relevance to the definition of cardiac contractility]. PMID- 6216678 TI - [The large heart]. PMID- 6216679 TI - [Remember the roentgen scandal in Goteborg? Roentgen nurse's cancer recognized as occupational disease]. PMID- 6216680 TI - [Role of immune complexes in the pathogenesis of a variety of chronic dermatoses]. PMID- 6216681 TI - [Indices of immunity in eczema patients being treated at the Naftalan health resort]. PMID- 6216682 TI - Urolithiasis in female inbred SPF rats. Possible predisposition of DA and ACI strains. Short communication. PMID- 6216683 TI - Spontaneous tumours in male and female specified pathogen-free Sprague-Dawley rats (outbred stock Sut:SDT). PMID- 6216684 TI - [Results of dental care in homes for the aged and nursing homes]. PMID- 6216686 TI - [Current status of knowledge on the evaluation of electrochemical changes of dental alloys]. PMID- 6216685 TI - [Macrophage electrophoresis mobility test (MEM) in patients with tumors of the oral cavity and controls. Cross sectional study]. PMID- 6216687 TI - [Argon laser therapy for vascular deformities of the face]. PMID- 6216688 TI - [Willoughby Dayton Miller on the 75th anniversary of his death 29 July 1982]. PMID- 6216689 TI - [Relation of caries prevalence to the fluoride content of drinking water and annual sugar consumption]. PMID- 6216690 TI - [Comparison of longitudinal and cross-sectional studies on the attack of permanent teeth by caries in schoolchildren]. PMID- 6216691 TI - [Effect of sugared and sugarfree chewing gum on plaque pH]. PMID- 6216692 TI - [In-vitro studies on the antimicrobial action of chlorhexidine digluconate against caries-inducing streptococci]. PMID- 6216693 TI - [Current problems in periodontology]. PMID- 6216694 TI - [Epidemiological problems of ozena and the means for controlling this infection]. AB - Clinical, bacteriological, serological and epidemiological studies of ozena morbidity among the population of Minsk were carried out in 1970-1980. On January 1, 1981, the ozena morbidity rate among the inhabitants of Minsk was 26.72%. Ozena was found to affect mainly children and women. A wide spread of the family foci of this disease (31.68%) was revealed. The results of this study indicate that the source of K. ozaenae is a sick person who begins to excrete the bacteria in the prodromal period of the disease and may continue to excrete them for many years. The transfer of K. ozaenae occurs probably by droplet or contact infection. The droplet infection is less active in the absence of symptoms (coughing, sneezing) facilitating excretion of the infective agent into the air and in cases of the low susceptibility of persons to ozena. The main measures for controlling ozena are the timely detection and sanitation of the sources of ozena, as well as the current disinfection of the infection foci in apartments. PMID- 6216695 TI - [Properties of current influenza A (H1N1) virus strains and the characteristics of the epidemics they induce]. AB - Three epidemics of influenza A (H1N1) occurring in 1977, 1979 and 1981 were studied. These epidemics were found to be gradually dying down, which was manifested by progressively decreasing morbidity rate, the frequency and intensity of seroconversions, as well as by a decrease in the duration of the epidemic period. Changes in the biological properties of influenza A (H1N1) virus were accompanied by changes in its antigenic properties. The drift of neuraminidase in the influenza A (H1N1) virus of 1981 towards increased relationship with neuraminidase in the virus of 1952 was observed, while hemagglutinin in the strains of each of these two groups retained its individual character. PMID- 6216697 TI - Effect of abscisic acid (ABA) on endogenous gibberellin levels in Phaseolus vulgaris L. seeds during their swelling. PMID- 6216696 TI - [Various results of an epidemiologic study of schizophrenic patients in Samarkand]. PMID- 6216698 TI - [Action of a new synthetic prostaglandin on gastroesophageal motility of the rat]. AB - A new synthetic prostaglandin, namely the 15 alpha, 16 (R), 16-methyl-16-methoxy PGE1 (compound marked MDL 646), endowed with a potent antiulcer activity, was studied for its effects on gastroesophageal motility of the rat in comparison with natural PGE1. Surprisingly enough, the two compounds were found to differ not only from a quantitative but also from a qualitative point of view. In fact, the natural PGE1 had, as expected, a relaxant effect on all the preparations examined except the rat fundus which is known to be contracted by all the different types of prostaglandins; conversely its synthetic analogue (MDL 646) showed a remarkable stimulatory effect on both "in vitro" and "in vivo" preparations. It is obvious that if these observations will be confirmed in other animal species, they could have a remarkable practical interest. PMID- 6216699 TI - [Urodynamic assessment in multiple sclerosis and Parkinson's disease]. AB - Twenty five patients with C.N.S. diseases (parkinsonism and multiple sclerosis) have been studied by means of electrocystouretromanometry and electromyography. Cases with patent urological causes of vesico-sphincteric functional impairment have not been included. In multiple sclerosis urodynamic changes, chiefly detrusor hyper-reflexia, have been registered in 75% of cases, EMG sphincter activity disturbances in 85%. Respectively, 90% of cystomanometries and 54% of EMG sphincter activities showed changes in Parkinsonism. The precise assessment of the individual specific urodynamic change seems to allow a rationally better therapeutic perspective. PMID- 6216701 TI - [Surgical treatment of infective endocarditis]. AB - Since 1975 to 1979 24 patients affected by acute infective endocarditis were operated of valvular replacement. All patients presented increasing cardiac failure unresponsive to medical treatment; 48% of the cases had positive blood culture. In 5 patients the infective endocarditis occurred on previously implanted prosthetic valve. Surgical findings consisted in rupture of chordae tendineae, vegetation ad perforation of valvular cusps. Prosthetic valvular replacement was performed in all cases using mechanical valve (22) or porcine heterograft 85). Surgical mortality was 8,3%, while late mortality occurred on 12.5% of cases. The diagnostic considerations, concerning this disease, the surgical results and long term management are discussed. PMID- 6216700 TI - [Gynecological celioscopy: indications and findings]. AB - The Authors have critically reviewed 1000 consecutive laparoscopies, performed in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Parma. The most common diseases of the genital tract are represented into the population of the patients studied. Conclusions are the safety and the usefulness of the described technique, particularly in discrimination of pelvic pain, pelvic masses and sterility. Concerning the latest field, the importance of ovarian biopsy in distinguishing hypergonadotropic anovulations is confirmed. PMID- 6216702 TI - [Preliminary observations on the behavior of serum ferritin in female patients with breast cancer at various stages of the disease]. AB - The Authors have been evaluated the behaviour of serum ferritin in 16 patients with breast cancer. In all of the cases the serum ferritin values were significantly higher, compared with those found in 11 normal control subjects. Of particular interest was the reduction of serum ferritin in most of the patients who had undergone polychemotherapy with CMF. The results agree with the observations of various Authors as far as high levels of serum ferritin in course of breast cancer are concerned. Moreover it can be pointed out that the serum ferritin evaluation can represent a monitoring marker for the evaluation of the evolution of this disease. PMID- 6216703 TI - [Classification and staging of soft tissue sarcomas]. AB - The difficulties of classification and staging of the soft tissue sarcomas have always represented a tough task. The Authors present a review of the existing literature and the classification and staging which in their view are more suitable to the present therapeutic needs. They stress the importance of the histocytopathological information together with the other informations, such as the localization and the size of the tumour, the sex and age of the patient. PMID- 6216704 TI - [Pharmacologic double contrast method in the diagnosis of gastric neoplasms]. AB - The technique of double contrast radiography, proposed by Vallebona since 1931, was developed in Japan for the detection of superficial carcinoma in the stomach. Between May 1979 and January 1982, 2080 patients were examined by double contrast method using effervescent pills, thick barium sulphate suspension, in hypotonic conditions of the walls. Double contrast false positives percentage is higher compared with standard technique, whilst the latter has a higher number of false negatives. The double contrast method has greatly increased the accuracy of X-ray diagnosis, considerably reducing the difference with endoscopy. PMID- 6216705 TI - [Clinico-statistical review of 630 cases of surgically treated epitheliomas of the head]. PMID- 6216706 TI - [Echographic diagnosis of fetal malformations]. AB - The Authors report their experience about ultrasound diagnosis of congenital anomalies, related to 15 cases from approximately 4000 gravides. They emphasize the impossibility to carry out total antenatal population screening by sonar and the usefulness to carefully select the gravidas at high risk for harboring a fetus with a birth defect. They also suggest that, in looking for physical defects, it is best to make ultrasound examination at 17a-18a weeks' gestation; at this moment, the ultrasound evaluation is particularly favorable for diagnosis and treatment. PMID- 6216707 TI - [Use of cephalosporins in surgical patients]. AB - A clinical and bacteriological evaluation of antibiotic therapy in surgical sepsis is performed on two groups of patients examined in 1979 and 1980 with particular regard to use of cephalosporins. In the first group have been administered cephalosporins not beta-lactamase resistant, tetracyclines, chloramphenicol and aminoglycosides on the basis of antimicrobial susceptibility testing; in the cases of urinary tract infections nitrofurans and nalidixic acid were also employed. In the second group the chemotherapy has been performed with beta-lactamase resistant cephalosporins only or associated with aminoglycosides. The results of this study suggest that the use of beta-lactamase resistant cephalosporins may be clinically advantageous, but the incidence of bacterial selection and resistances may avoided with a constant vigilance and bacteriological screening. PMID- 6216708 TI - [Trial of a delivery chair in a Parma obstetrics and gynecology clinic]. AB - We have carried out the experiment about the use of "obstetric chairs" on 31 women in labour. There were no obstetric complications for any woman. In all cases the delivery was spontaneous and the patients appreciated the new of delivery very much. The fetus did not show any complication either during the labour or during the alter-birth period. All cases showed a high Apgar - score. The fetal heart rate monitoring didn't record any FHR changes. The midwives didn't point out any difficulty about the delivery management. These results encourage, to continue this experience. PMID- 6216709 TI - [Peroperative antibiotic therapy in biliary surgical diseases]. PMID- 6216710 TI - Influence of streptozotocin- and alloxan-induced diabetes on the crosslinking of dermal collagen. AB - The influence of experimentally induced diabetes on rat dermal collagen crosslinking was investigated in male albino rats. In comparison to the normal, the diabetic group demonstrated decrease in percent reversibility of neutral salt soluble collagen gel and susceptibility of insoluble collagen to denaturing agents and pronase whereas the aldehyde content was significantly increased. The electrophoretic gels revealed a marked decrease of alpha/beta ratio in diabetic animals. The results indicated that both the intra- and intermolecular crosslinkings of collagen were increased in experimentally induced diabetes. PMID- 6216712 TI - Some properties of con A-antibody conjugates. AB - By application of antibody-Con A conjugates it is possible to perform a modified enzyme immunoassay. The reaction of an antigen with the corresponding antibody labelled by Can A results in a complex to which POD can be bound via the carbohydrate moiety of the enzyme. The enzyme can be quantified in the usual manner. A special advantage consists in the applicability of relatively impure POD preparations. PMID- 6216711 TI - Suppressor T lymphocyte function in Graves' disease. AB - To explore suppressor T lymphocyte function in Graves' disease, studies were performed in one group of patients in the hyperthyroid state and in another group in the euthyroid state after treatment. Peripheral blood lymphocytes were cultured for 1-7 days. Pokeweed mitogen (PWM; 1.25 micrograms/ml) was added at the initiation of the cultures or after 24 h. The degree of lymphocyte activation was assessed by measurements of the cellular uptake of [3H]thymidine and expressed in counts per minute (CPM). The suppressor lymphocyte function was estimated by a quotient between the maximum CPM values from cultures with and without preincubation. For the hyperthyroid group (n = 15) the quotient was 1.00 +/- 0.07 (mean +/- SEM), for the euthyroid patient group (n = 21) 1.12 +/- 0.05 and for the healthy control group (n = 21) 1.37 +/- 0.08. There was a significant difference between the quotients for the control group and the hyperthyroid (P less than 0.01) as well as the euthyroid (P less than 0.05) patient group. The quotients for the two groups of patients did not differ significantly. In conclusion, the present study supports the view of a defect in suppressor T lymphocyte function in patients with Graves' disease in the hyperthyroid state and indicates that this defect can persist in the euthyroid state after treatment. PMID- 6216713 TI - [Somatometry of down's syndrome]. PMID- 6216714 TI - Nursing and medical students--admission policies of their schools. PMID- 6216715 TI - Circulating immune complexes and complement in the course of multiple sclerosis. AB - To evaluate the reactions of the humoral immune response in the course of multiple sclerosis (MS), 21 patients were examined approximately 10 times at regular intervals for 1 year. The study included concomitant investigations of the total neurological deficit (TND) and laboratory analyses of the complement profile, detection of circulating immune complexes (CIC) and heterophilic antibodies (HPA). CIC were found in 58.7% of the investigations, often with simultaneous activation of C4 and C3. The mean values of the complement levels of the MS patients, however, did not differ from the values in a normal population. The consecutive investigations demonstrated a negative regression of TND on C4 from one month previously, a concomitant negative regression of TND on C3 and a positive regression of CIC from one month subsequently on TND. No significant relation between the clinical type of the disease and the occurrence of CIC was demonstrated, but the occurrence of attacks seemed to correlate with development of HPA. PMID- 6216716 TI - Development of an oral contraceptive containing a new progestogen, desogestrel, and 30 micrograms ethinylestradiol. Report on clinical studies from Scandinavia. PMID- 6216717 TI - Biocement--a new material. Results of its experimental use for osseous repair of skull cap defects with lesions of the dura mater and liquorrhea, reconstruction of the anterior wall of the frontal sinuses and fixation of alloimplants. AB - A newly developed material, which we call biocement, consisting of bisphenol-a glycidyl methacrylate ("epoxide methacrylate') as organic matrix and Bioceramic Battelle, Bioglass Hench and/or pentacalcium hydroxide triphosphate ("tri-calcium phosphate') powder as filling particles is presented. In an extension of previous experiments, various types of this biocement, containing different admixtures of particulate matter, were employed to test their usefulness in head surgery, in particular maxillo-facial reconstruction, on dogs and a rhesus monkey. Encouraging results were obtained with regard to (a) fixing a titanium alloimplant under some degree of mechanical stress; (b) covering a defect in the skull cap, including the closure of an artificially induced meningeal fistula with liquorrhea; and (c) reconstruction of defects in the anterior wall of frontal sinuses. Special emphasis is placed on direct contact between biocement and bone, interdigitations between these two, reactions of meningeal tissue, and regeneration of ciliated epithelium underneath fixed reimplants over the frontal sinus. PMID- 6216719 TI - [Effect of fentanyl on midbrain units and its antagonism by naloxone in rabbits]. PMID- 6216718 TI - [Effects of 3 anesthetics on enkephalins contents in different brain areas of rats]. PMID- 6216720 TI - [Analgesia by injection of morphine and antagonism of electro-acupuncture analgesia by injection of naloxone into septal area of rabbits]. PMID- 6216721 TI - [Effect of electro-acupuncture on neurons of midbrain periaqueductal gray sensitive to morphine and 5-HT in rabbits]. PMID- 6216722 TI - [Tolerance to 5-HT and its implication in electro-acupuncture tolerance and morphine tolerance]. PMID- 6216723 TI - [Analgesic, antispastic and sedative effects of skimmianine]. PMID- 6216724 TI - [Radioimmunoassay for acetylcholine]. PMID- 6216725 TI - [Effect of anti-arrhythmic drug changrolin on fast and slow response potentials of myocardial cell of rats]. PMID- 6216726 TI - [Effects of tetrandrine on inotropic and toxic actions of cardiac glycosides and its relation to extracellular calcium]. PMID- 6216727 TI - [Action of dauricine on aortic strips]. PMID- 6216728 TI - [CaCl2--ACh induced atrial fibrillation (flutter) in mice]. PMID- 6216729 TI - [Antifertility effect of pseudolaric acid B]. PMID- 6216730 TI - [Metabolism of [14C]permethrin in rats studied by liquid scintillation counting]. PMID- 6216731 TI - [Exponential infusion and its pharmacokinetics]. PMID- 6216732 TI - [Effect in vitro of metabolized praziquantel on Schistosoma japonicum]. PMID- 6216733 TI - [Antimalarial activities of 2,4-diamino-6-[(4-chlorobenzyl)-N-methyl-amino] quinazoline and its salts]. PMID- 6216734 TI - [Selective retention of 147Pm in liver and its injurious effect in early stage]. PMID- 6216735 TI - Effect of median raphe nucleus electrocoagulation and serotonin synthesis blockade on oestrogen receptor content of rat uterus. AB - The number of oestrogen receptors (OR) in rat uterus changes in relation to the cyclic function of the ovary. In the dioestrus phase the OR content of rat uterus is significantly greater than in the oestrus phase. Electrocoagulation of the median raphe nucleus causing in rats increased release of gonadotrophins and consequent disturbances in the cyclic ovarian function is associated also with changes in OR content of the uterus. These changes are, however, not analogous to those observed in the normal sexual cycle. In the oestrus phase a very high accumulation of OR is found in the uterus, while in the dioestrus phase OR are barely detectable. Serotonin synthesis blockade with p-CPA, which is associated with an increase in the number of maturating and mature follicles in the ovary and dioestrus phase prolongation leads to a striking increase in the number of OR in the uterus. PMID- 6216737 TI - [Use of densitometry for determination of active components in the drugs. IX. Determination of vitamins B 1, B 2, B 6 and PP in various compounds]. PMID- 6216736 TI - On P-chlorphenylalanine interference with phenobarbital formation from primidone. AB - Premedication with PCPA antagonized in rats the anticonvulsant activity of Primidone and of other drugs against seizures evoked by electroshock. Only in the case of Primidone, however, the anticonvulsant activity could not be re established by increasing the dosage. Our investigations have shown that PCPA caused a strong inhibition of the conversion of Primidone to phenobarbital, both in vivo and in vitro. PMID- 6216740 TI - Experimental hydronephrotic antrophy of the kidney in light microscopy. PMID- 6216743 TI - Chemical analysis of inorganic components in human submandibular calculi. PMID- 6216748 TI - [Angiocardiographic evidence of PFC (persistent fetal circulation) syndrome in seven newborns]. PMID- 6216749 TI - Effect of some drugs, experimental stress and estrus on unstable and fixed conditioned alimentary motor reflexes in cats. PMID- 6216755 TI - [Problems in team work in health service from the viewpoint of responsibility]. PMID- 6216756 TI - The problem of human geohelminthoses and the prospects for their biological control. PMID- 6216762 TI - Ultrastructural changes of neurons in the spinal cord of hibernating bat. PMID- 6216763 TI - [Ainhum and keratodermia of the Brauer-Buschke-Fischer type]. PMID- 6216764 TI - [Fixed, generalized exanthema caused by thiabendazole]. PMID- 6216765 TI - Differences in in vivo functional capacities of avian precursor B and T cells following in vitro incubation. PMID- 6216766 TI - Role of thymic medullary lymphocytes in the intra-thymic maturation process. PMID- 6216767 TI - A comparative study of accessory cells derived from the peritoneum and from solid tissues. PMID- 6216768 TI - Characterization of bone marrow derived macrophage as Ia-bearing accessory cells. PMID- 6216769 TI - Induction of either acute or chronic graft-versus-host disease due to genetic differences among donor T cells. PMID- 6216770 TI - Altered immunological reactivity in rats sustaining a graft-versus-host-reaction (GvHR). PMID- 6216771 TI - Cell-interactions in the splenic suppression caused by antigen-feeding. PMID- 6216772 TI - Lack of suppressor T cells in renal transplant recipients and activation by aminophylline. PMID- 6216773 TI - Cellular and genetic basis of the relative resistance to the induction of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) in albino oxford (AO) rats. PMID- 6216774 TI - Characteristics of IL-3 derived and IL-3 dependent lymphocyte cell lines. PMID- 6216775 TI - Developmental aspects of T-suppressor cells induced by hapten-carrier conjugates. AB - The capacity of newborn liver and of aging mouse spleen to give rise to suppressor cells interfering specifically with an anti-hapten antibody response was investigated. The experimental system to induce suppressor cells was used on sequential treatment with a hapten (DNP or NIP) coupled to two different carrier molecules (i.e., DNP-RSA and DNP-BGG, respectively). Suppressor cells developing under such conditions are Thy 1.2+, nylon wool effluent, PNA+, I-J+ cells. Newborn liver cells were found to be capable of differentiating into such suppressors. Aging mouse spleen cells did not manifest such specific suppression, yet they did interfere with the antibody response in a nonspecific manner. PMID- 6216776 TI - Non-lymphoid cells from rat intestinal lymph. PMID- 6216777 TI - Regulation of growth and differentiation in B cell clones and hybrids. PMID- 6216779 TI - Prostaglandins and the cardiovascular system. PMID- 6216778 TI - Thrombosis in the pathogenesis of sudden cardiac death and myocardial infarction. PMID- 6216780 TI - Pharmacology and pharmacokinetics of platelet-active drugs under current clinical investigation. PMID- 6216781 TI - Thromboxane a2: biosynthesis and effects on platelets. PMID- 6216782 TI - Effect of prostaglandin-mediated platelet-suppressant drugs on acute cardiovascular catastrophes. PMID- 6216783 TI - Metabolic fate of thromboxane A2 and prostacyclin. PMID- 6216784 TI - Prostaglandins and the regulation of renal circulation and function. PMID- 6216785 TI - Prostaglandins and the ductus arteriosus. PMID- 6216786 TI - Participation of prostaglandins in the regulation of peripheral vascular resistance. PMID- 6216788 TI - Metabolites of arachidonic acid in the pathophysiology of the pulmonary circulation. PMID- 6216787 TI - Action and metabolism of prostaglandins in the pulmonary circulation. PMID- 6216789 TI - Prostaglandins and the cerebral circulation. PMID- 6216790 TI - Prostacyclin: its biosynthesis, actions, and clinical potential. PMID- 6216791 TI - Radionuclide bone scanning of medullary chondrosarcoma. AB - Technetium-99m methylene diphosphonate bone scans of 18 medullary chondrosarcomas of bone were correlated with pathologic macrosections of the resected tumors. There was increased scan uptake by all 18 tumors, and the uptake in 15 scans corresponded accurately to the anatomic extent of the tumors. Only three scans displayed increased uptake beyond the true tumor margins; thus, the "extended pattern of uptake" beyond the true tumor extent is much less common in medullary chondrosarcomas than in many other primary bone tumors. Therefore, increased uptake beyond the apparent radiographic margin of the tumor suggests possible occult tumor spread. Pathologically, there was intense reactive new bone formation and hyperemia around the periphery of all 18 tumors, and there were foci of enchondral ossification, hyperemia, or calcification within the tumor itself in nearly every tumor. Three scans displayed less uptake in the center of the tumors than around their peripheries. One of these tumors was necrotic in the center, but the other two were pathologically no different from tumors that displayed homogeneous uptake on the scan. PMID- 6216793 TI - [Methods of isolating immune cells--critical assessment, artifacts]. AB - This paper describes common used methods of immune cell separation such as separation by density-gradient, cell electrophoresis, cell adherence, affinity chromatography, isolation of cell populations by antisera and complement, by cell sorting, by monolayer and lectins. The authors give a critical evaluation in respect of yield and purity in relation to the extent of the experimental procedure and regard eventual artefacts. PMID- 6216792 TI - Acute osteomyelitis: advantage of white cell scans in early detection. AB - Acute osteomyelitis was induced in 18 rabbits after direct injection of a solution of Staphylococcus aureus culture into a proximal tibial metaphysis. Serial plain radiographs and radionuclide studies with indium-111 oxide labeled while blood cells and technetium-99m methylene diphosphonate were performed over the next 4 weeks. Visual and quantitative analysis by measuring the isotope activity of 111In and 99mTc over the infected tibias as compared with the opposite bones revealed that the white blood cell scans were positive in 15 (83%) of the 18 rabbits during the first week after injection of the microorganism. During the same period, the 99mTc bone scans were positive in only 22% of the animals (p less than 0.005). In the animals that survived, both white blood cell and bone scans were positive during the second week, and thereafter, the bone scans revealed consistently higher activity than was observed with white blood cell scans. Computed tomography performed in six rabbits revealed an increased attenuation coefficient of the medullary cavities in the infected bones of four animals during the first week and of one more during the second week. Plain radiographs became positive after the 12th day. Results indicate that in patients with suspected acute osteomyelitis, white blood cell scans and probably computed tomography can detect the disease earlier than 99mTc bone scans and plain radiographs. PMID- 6216794 TI - [Decrease in the number of SE-rosettes by means of sera containing immune complexes]. AB - The number of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) rosetting with sheep erythrocytes (SE-rosettes) was significantly decreased by preincubation with both sera containing immune complexes (IC) and prepared antigen-antibody complexes. However, this effect of decrease in rosetting ability of PBL could be completely reversed by a second incubation of the cells for 30 minutes at 37 degrees C in IC free medium. The immune complexes and antigen-antibody complexes respectively could bind reversibly to T cells via Fc-receptors and subsequently interfere with the T cell receptors for SE by steric hindrance. PMID- 6216795 TI - Hypersensitivity to tobacco antigens in smokers and nonsmokers. AB - The examinations were carried out in 336 tobacco smokers, 91 persons who gave up smoking, 175 persons exposed to tobacco smoke indirectly and 112 persons who had nothing to do with tobacco smoke. Together 714 persons were examined. The examinations, which were carried out on the grounds of the clinic observations and the data obtained from interviews, aimed at the discovering of the causal nexus between the attacks of atopic bronchial asthma as well as the occurrence of acute urticaria and the exposure to tobacco smoke. All the patients underwent the dermic allergometric test with the extract from cigarette tobacco. The results of these examinations have not delivered any evidence concerning the allergenic reaction of the immediate type to tobacco smoke. PMID- 6216797 TI - Putting microcomputer technology to work for our hearing-impaired students. PMID- 6216796 TI - [The normal state of granulocyte phagocytosis]. AB - There are demonstrated results of the granulocyte phagocytosis with rice starch with healthy patients. The early phase of the phagocytosis seems to be more sensitive on changes of the unspecific defence. There were not found any significant differences between men and women. Patients who are older than 75 years have not a significant lower phagocytosis than younger ones. PMID- 6216798 TI - Personal computing to aid the handicapped-the John Hopkins National Search: new horizons. PMID- 6216799 TI - Telephone communication for the deaf. PMID- 6216800 TI - The use of a pocket computer as an aid for the deaf. PMID- 6216801 TI - The California connection: interfacing a Telecommunication Device for the Deaf (TDD) and an Apple computer. PMID- 6216802 TI - The computer as a creative educational tool. PMID- 6216803 TI - Dermatology in the workplace. AB - Dermatoses related to the industrial environment are costly and underreported. Contact dermatitis is due to irritants in 75 percent of cases and to true allergy in only 25 percent. Differences between these two types of dermatitis include a longer induction period for allergy. Patch testing may be useful for diagnosis of allergic contact dermatitis. Photoallergy, chloracne, occupational leukoderma and neoplasia are special occupational problems. A precise history and physical examination as well as a visit to the plant are essential elements in evaluating the patient. PMID- 6216804 TI - Improving communication with the physically disabled. PMID- 6216805 TI - Transluminal laser catheter angioplasty. AB - The first transluminal laser angioplasty in animals is reported herein. An Argon laser and a specialized coronary arterial catheter with a fiberoptic wave guide were used. Immediate histologic changes consisted of a moderate degree of intimal necrosis and some loss of elastic tissue. At 5 days the intima was repaired, but focal elastic tissue loss persisted. PMID- 6216806 TI - Laser coronary angioplasty: experience with 9 cadaver hearts. AB - Experience with laser angioplasty in 16 coronary arteries in 9 cadaver hearts is presented. Coronary obstructions were due to experimentally created thrombi as well as to naturally occurring calcified plaques. Successful laser angioplasty was achieved in 14 of 15 arteries. One artery was sacrificed to determine factors necessary for deliberate perforation of the arterial wall. This procedure required more than 30 seconds of laser energy at 3.0 W with the catheter tip almost perpendicular to the wall. Penetration of the arterial wall occurred only in the second left anterior descending artery which was plaque-occluded because of operator inexperience. PMID- 6216807 TI - Exercise-induced decrease in flow through stenotic coronary arteries in the dog. PMID- 6216808 TI - Percutaneous balloon valvuloplasty for pulmonic valve stenosis in the adult. PMID- 6216809 TI - Increased plasma catecholamine levels in patients with symptomatic mitral valve prolapse. AB - Total plasma catecholamine levels, plasma norepinephrine levels, heart rate, and systolic and diastolic pressures were measured in 15 symptomatic patients with mitral valve prolapse and in 19 normal subjects in supine baseline conditions and in a standing position. In the 15 symptomatic patients, total plasma catecholamine levels and plasma norepinephrine levels were significantly elevated in both positions, and heart rate was lower than in normal subjects in the supine position but returned to normal in the upright position. Thus, symptomatic patients with mitral valve prolapse demonstrate increased resting sympathetic tone. In addition, the associated supine bradycardia suggested that increased vagal tone might also be present at rest. These observations support the hypothesis of a dual autonomic dysfunction in these patients and could account for some of the clinical manifestations of the mitral valve prolapse syndrome. PMID- 6216810 TI - Biochemical abnormalities of platelets in renal failure. Evidence for decreased platelet serotonin, adenosine diphosphate and Mg-dependent adenosine triphosphatase. AB - The platelet content of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), adenosine diphosphate (ADP), serotonin and ouabain-insensitive, magnesium-dependent adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) was determined in patients with chronic renal failure, patients on chronic hemodialysis, and kidney transplant recipients. Platelet ATP content was normal in all. By contrast, ADP content, expressed in mumol/10(11) platelets, was significantly lower in renal failure: 1.82 +/- 0.96 compared to 2.51 +/- 0.97 in normals (p less than 0.05), but not in dialyzed or transplanted patients; 2.27 +/- 0.96 and 1.87 +/- 0.87, respectively. The mean content of serotonin was also significantly lower in renal failure patients: 0.52 microgram/10(9) platelets as compared to 0.90 microgram/10(9) platelets in normals (p less than 0.05) but was not significantly different in dialyzed and transplanted patients. ATPase was significantly lower in renal failure: 3.13 +/- 1.2 mumol Pi/10(9) platelets in whole suspension and 0.71 +/- 0.22 Pi/mg protein/h in membrane preparation compared to 4.74 +/- 1.1 and 1.18 +/- 0.19, respectively, in normals, and was significantly lower in dialyzed and transplanted patients. Experimental azotemia (BUN 65-86 mg/100 ml), induced by the oral ingestion of urea 2-3 g/kg body weight over 24 h, failed to induce any of these abnormalities. The abnormality in platelet ADP and serotonin content in renal failure paralleled the functional platelet defects which characterize these patients and were reversible following dialysis and transplantation. PMID- 6216811 TI - Intraperitoneal chromic phosphate in peritoneoscopically confirmed stage I ovarian adenocarcinoma. AB - From December 15, 1975 to June 16, 1980, 20 evaluable patients with International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics Stage I invasive adenocarcinoma of the ovary were entered into a prospective study, including pretherapy restaging peritoneoscopy followed by treatment with intraperitoneal chromic phosphate if there was no evidence of residual macroscopic tumor. During a follow-up of 1 1/2 to 6 years (median, 3 years and 1 month), the survival rate without evidence of recurrent ovarian carcinoma was 95%. Moreover, there was a total absence of complications with the use of the sequential steps of pretherapy peritoneoscopy, a normal preinjection peritoneogram, injection of chromic phosphate in large volumes of solution, frequent change of position of the patient after injection, and abdominal scans after injection. This method appears to be safe and is associated with a significantly high survival rate. PMID- 6216812 TI - Treatment of endometriosis with gestrinone (R-2323), a synthetic antiestrogen, antiprogesterone. AB - Twenty patients with endometriosis diagnosed by laparoscopy were treated with the antiestrogen, antiprogesterone gestrinone (R-2323) for 6 to 8 months. The drug was administered in a dose of 5 mg twice weekly. According to the American Fertility Society's classification of endometriosis, five patients were classified as having mild (Stage I), eight as having moderate (Stage II), and seven as having severe endometriosis (Stage III). All patients became amenorrheic at the end of the second month of treatment, and symptomless at the end of the third month. Of nine women who had the potential and the desire to conceive, three conceived within 3 months after termination of treatment. Two more became pregnant within 1 year, and another, 14 months after termination of treatment. Five pregnancies progressed to term. One patient aborted. Two of the three women who did not conceive had subfertile husbands. Major side effects recorded were seborrhea and acne, which subsided after discontinuation of therapy. Treatment of endometriosis with gestrinone offers the advantage of effective clearing of lesions with relatively low dosage and frees the patient from the daily administration of drugs required by similar conservative hormonal therapies. PMID- 6216813 TI - Desmoid tumor during pregnancy. PMID- 6216814 TI - Relative therapeutic efficacy of vertebral manipulation and conventional treatment in back pain management. AB - A study was conducted to compare the relative efficacy of conventional (heat, pelvic tilt exercises, postural education and lifting instructions) and manipulation therapy in back pain management. Twenty-five females were in the conventional therapy group (CTG) and 26 females in the manipulation therapy group (MTG). Range of motion of total flexion and extension, total side-flexion and total rotation of the lumbar spine and the straight-leg-raising test were used as criteria to determine efficacy of treatment. The results showed that while the mean treatment time for CTG subjects was 160 minutes (SD = 7.9) that for MTG patients was 121.2 (SD = 10.2) with a significant difference p less than 0.001. There were significant differences between the two groups with regards to post treatment differences in total flexion and extension p less than 0.01; total side flexion p less than 0.05; and total rotation p less than 0.05 in favour of the MTG subjects. There was also significant difference in post-treatment straight leg-raising values between the two groups p less than 0.05 in favour of the MTG group. It was concluded that manipulation therapy as shown by this study was superior to the conventional method in the treatment of the type of patient described. PMID- 6216815 TI - Morphometry of right ventricular hypertrophy induced by strenuous exercise in rat. AB - Effects on the myocardium, particularly those structural properties of the capillary network relevant to tissue oxygenation, were studied morphometrically in rats subjected to a severe running program. Physical conditioning produced a 31% increase in right ventricular weight and only a 12% increase in the weight of the left ventricle. Quantitative analysis of right ventricular myocardium demonstrated relative decreases in capillary luminal volume density (-27%) and capillary luminal surface density (-20%) and an increase in the average maximum distance from the capillary wall to the mitochondria of myocytes (14%). In contrast, the contractile mass expanded in proportion to the growth of the ventricle through augmentation of the cross-sectional area (17%) and length (19%) of the average myocyte. Evaluation of the subcellular constituents of myocytes showed no change in the mitochondria-to-myofibril volume ratio. In conclusion, the capillary bed controlling oxygen availability, diffusion, and transport suggests that excessive physical activity may be detrimental to the myocardium. PMID- 6216816 TI - Passive electrical properties of normal and hypertrophied rat myocardium. AB - We determined the electrical constants of epicardial and endocardial preparations from both normal and hypertrophied rat hearts. This was done by comparative analysis of the spatial decay of steady-state electronic voltage deflection produced by injection of a hyperpolarizing constant-current pulse. We used a two dimensional finite disk model to obtain the apparent membrane resistance, (Rm)app, and internal longitudinal resistivity (Ri), (Rm)app was significantly larger in epicardial (565 +/- 222 omega . cm2) than endocardial (375 +/- 137) preparations from normal hearts. This regional difference disappeared in hypertrophied hearts (epicardium 421 +/- 138, endocardium 383 +/- 121 omega . cm2). Ri was similar for normal endocardial (272 +/- 169 omega . cm) and epicardial (326 +/- 152) preparations, as well as for hypertrophied endocardial (251 +/- 108) and epicardial (312 +/- 59) preparations. We determined the effective membrane capacity (Ceff) by measuring the ratio of applied charge to the displacement of membrane potential. Ceff was larger for normal hearts (epicardium 9.7 +/- 2.5 micro F/cm2, endocardium 7.5 +/- 3.0) than for hypertrophied hearts (epicardium 4.1 +/- 1.4, endocardium 4.7 +/- 1.2). From the values for Ceff we calculated the effective membrane resistance, (Rm)eff. (Rm)eff was larger for normal (epicardium 5,392 +/- 2,613 omega . cm2, endocardium 3,013 +/- 2,096) than for hypertrophied (epicardium 1,552 +/- 633, endocardium 1,838 +/ 826) preparations. Our results show that the amount of electrically effective membrane area is decreased in hypertrophied myocardium, despite the increased total area per hypertrophied cell. One functional implication of this finding is that activation of contraction by spread of surface electrical depolarization into the T-tubules may be impaired in hypertrophied cardiac muscle. PMID- 6216817 TI - Use of tibial length to quantify cardiac hypertrophy: application in the aging rat. AB - Fluctuations in body weight as occur with aging make body weight an unreliable reference for normalizing heart weight. We compared heart weight normalized by tibial length, which remains constant after maturity, with that normalized by body weight in 5- to 28-mo-old male Wistar rats. When normalized by tibial length or body weight, relative to the 5-mo heart, the senescent left ventricle undergoes 17 vs. 38% hypertrophy, respectively, and the right ventricle undergoes 0 vs. 28% hypertrophy, respectively. Histological measurements in the 25- compared with the 5-mo-old left ventricles reveal 6% larger myocyte diameters and 12% larger cellular cross-sectional areas, indicating about 15% hypertrophy; this value agrees more closely with the estimates based on tibial length than with those based on body weight. To allow prediction of left ventricular weight in a living rat, a regression equation using body weight, age, and tibial length was derived. This enabled us to perform a longitudinal aging study that verified that the above results were not biased by selective survival. Thus, in conditions in which body weight changes, cardiac hypertrophy can be more accurately quantified by relating heart weight to tibial length than to body weight. This approach may have applicability for assessing relative sizes of other organs as well. PMID- 6216819 TI - Study of the growth of the ventral nasal concha of the piglet by fluorescence Microscopy and Microradiography. PMID- 6216818 TI - Gastroschisis and omphalocele. AB - The experience of 73 consecutive infants with gastroschisis and omphalocele is reported. The overall survival rate was 80 percent; however, since 1973 the survival rate for ruptured and intact omphaloceles has been 87 percent and 93 percent for gastroschisis. This remarkable reduction in mortality has been attributed primarily to the advent of total parenteral hyperalimentation, but mortality has also decreased due to the use of pediatric respirators which overcome the effects of increased intraabdominal pressure, and the creation of the neonatal intensive care unit where monitoring of these often fragile infants and the presence of specialty personnel assist in their care. PMID- 6216820 TI - Ovine bronchopulmonary globule leukocytes. I. Morphological and cytochemical studies. PMID- 6216821 TI - [Anatomy of swine thymus. Structure, topography, skeletopy and vascularization]. PMID- 6216822 TI - [Quantitative studies of swine thymus]. PMID- 6216823 TI - [Contribution to the anatomic knowledge of brain blood supply in the goat]. PMID- 6216824 TI - Melanin pigment containing cells in the capsula of the adrenal of the goat. PMID- 6216826 TI - The male genital tract of the dromedary (one-humped) camel (Camelus dromedarius): gross and microscopic anatomy. PMID- 6216825 TI - [Macroscopic anatomical studies of the carotid body in dogs]. PMID- 6216827 TI - The demonstration of Krause end bulbs (Paciniform corpuscles) in the hairy skin of the pig. PMID- 6216828 TI - Histological study of an unusual cat muscle spindle deficient in motor innervation. AB - An unusual muscle spindle innervated by only one somatic motor axon and one primary sensory axon was encountered in a cat tenuissimus muscle cut in serial transverse sections and examined by light and electron microscopes. The motor axon branched to supply the distal poles of the nuclear bag2 and nuclear chain intrafusal muscle fibers through motor terminals of several types. The proximal poles of the bag2 and chain fibers and both poles of the nuclear bag1 fiber were devoid of motor endings. In spite of the limited motor nerve supply of the bag 1, bag2 and chain fibers exhibited the usual morphologic characteristics in terms of the appearance of the equatorial region, relative fiber lengths and diameters, and the number of associated elastic fibers. It appears that motor axons may play only a limited role, if any, in the differentiation and maintenance of the three types of intrafusal muscle fiber in the cat. PMID- 6216830 TI - Carbon dioxide embolism during laparoscopy. PMID- 6216829 TI - Effect of chronic use of cyproterone Acetate on the epididymis of goat. AB - Effect of chronic treatment of cyproterone acetate, and antiandrogen with antigonadotrophin activity, on the epididymal sperm reserve and sperm maturation was studied in Black Bengal goats (a dwarf breed). It was observed that this compound produced significant reduction in epididymal sperm numbers in the treated groups as compared to the controls. There was significant reduction in progressive sperm motility. Other morphological maturation changes like the length and breath of the sperm head were significantly altered after treatment with CA for 70 days; and greater number of caudal spermatozoa of treated animals retained their cytoplasmic droplets than those of controls. PMID- 6216832 TI - Peak flow meter and spirometer mouthpieces as expansion chambers for metered dose aerosols. PMID- 6216831 TI - Two cases of allergy to aminophylline. PMID- 6216833 TI - Equine lymphocyte antigens in a Welsh pony family. AB - Lymphocytes from an extended family of Welsh ponies were tested in a microcytotoxicity test against Thoroughbred and Arabian horse-derived antisera, which defined 4 and 6 equine lymphocyte antigen (ELA) specificities, respectively. Mixed leukocyte culture (MLC) tests were also performed. Welsh pony lymphocytes reacted to the Thoroughbred antisera. Most of the ponies' lymphocytes showed reactivity to 2 of the Thoroughbred ELA specificities, the offspring inheriting 1 antigen from each parent. Antigenic determinants were only partially demonstrated with Arabian antisera, although results indicated serologic identities among the ponies, which may reflect the historical background of the Welsh pony. There was no MLC reactivity between cells from most pairs of ponies that were ELA-identical, as typed with the Thoroughbred antisera, but cells from 2 ELA-identical pairs did react in MLC, indicating that MLC and ELA determinants may be on separate loci, as in other species. PMID- 6216834 TI - Effect of Fusarium roseum corn culture containing zearalenone on early pregnancy in swine. AB - A corn culture of Fusarium roseum was added to a standard corn-soybean swine gestation ration. Low, middle, and high dosage mixed feeds contained 7, 38, and 64 mg of zearalenone/kg of feed (7, 38, and 64 ppm) and 0.5, 2.5, and 4.5 mg of deoxynivalenol/kg, respectively. Control feed was the standard ration without added F roseum corn culture. Mature gilts were bred by natural service and fed control or F roseum molded feed from 3 to 34 days after breeding. The main effect of the molded feed was an inhibition of fetal development, with decreased numbers of fetuses present in treated animals at slaughter (38 to 43 days after breeding). Normal litters were present in 7 of 8 control animals, in 2 of 4 gilts given the low-dosage feed, in 1 of 4 gilts given the medium dosage, and in 0 of 4 given the high-dosage feed. Corpora lutea were maintained in all treated animals, as evidenced by serum progesterone concentrations. Serum estradiol concentrations were decreased in gilts in the middle- and high-dosage groups. The genital system of the gilts fed low- and middle-dosage feeds had a gross and microscopic appearance similar to that of the pregnant controls and reflected prolonged progesterone stimulation. Morphologic changes in the genital system of the high dosage group were intermediate between changes induced by progesterone and those induced by estrogen. Clinical signs of hyperestrogenism and partial feed refusal were noticed in only some of the high-dosage group animals. PMID- 6216835 TI - Immune responses of swine to oral inoculation with embryonated eggs of Ascaris suum. AB - Responses of swine to oral inoculation with embryonated eggs of Ascaris suum were monitored, using lymphocyte blastogenesis assays, indirect radioimmunoassays, and peripheral eosinophil counts (EC). Transient cell-mediated immune responses of peripheral lymphocytes were detected by lymphocyte blastogenesis assay as early as postinoculation day (PID) 2, but were rarely positive for consecutive samples taken at 2-day intervals. Humoral antibodies were first detected at PID 6 to 17 by indirect radioimmunoassays in the various experiments. Positive cutaneous delayed hypersensitivity reactions were observed when pigs were tested at 6 to 7 weeks after inoculation. Histopathologic examination verified infiltration of lymphocytes into the lesions. The EC increased as early as PID 4 to 7 and showed a secondary increase after the 2nd oral inoculation of eggs to as high as 11,400/mm3 (44% of the total WBC). Subsequently, EC decreased rapidly 14 days after the last inoculation of eggs. PMID- 6216836 TI - Experimentally induced porcine proliferative enteritis in specific-pathogen-free pigs. AB - Thirty-three, 10-week-old, specific-pathogen-free pigs were randomly allotted to 3 treatment groups: group 1--intragastrically given homogenized intestinal mucosa (crude inoculum) from pigs with naturally occurring proliferative enteritis; group 2--given cultures of Campylobacter sputorum subsp mucosalis; and group 3- controls. One pig from each group was killed 4, 7, 10, 14, 18, 21, 24, 28, 31, 36, and 38 days after inoculation. The earliest intestinal lesion observed in groups 1 and 2 was leukocytic exudate within crypt lumina and focal inflammation of the surrounding lamina propria. The lesions occurred primarily over ileal aggregated lymphoid nodules (Peyer's patches). These changes were followed by focal proliferation of immature crypt epithelial cells and infiltration of increasing numbers of macrophages into the lamina propria. Campylobacter sp-like organisms were observed within the cytoplasm of affected epithelial cells by light and electron microscopies. Lesions progressed to diffuse crypt cell proliferation, elongation of crypts, and loss of villi. Mucosal necrosis was not a prominent feature. PMID- 6216837 TI - Brain edema and gliopathy induced by 6-aminonicotinamide intoxication in the central nervous system of rats. AB - Brain edema was produced by 6-aminonicotinamide (6-AN) in the rat with accompanying metabolic disturbance due to the accumulation of an antimetabolite of nicotinamide in the CNS. Twenty-four hours after intraperitoneal administration of 6-AN, significant (P less than 0.01) increases of sodium and water in the medulla oblongata were observed. By electron microscopy, the lesion was characterized by swelling of the perivascular neuroglial processes, producing disturbances of the active transport in the cell membrane and increased pinocytosis in the endothelial cells, especially of the arterioles and venules. The metabolic inhibitor was shown to produce not only an increased water and sodium uptake in neuroglias, which is characteristic of cytotoxic brain edema, but also produced protein-rich edema in the extracellular space, ie, vasogenic brain edema. The protein transport in the metabolic disturbance caused by 6-AN was traced, using horseradish peroxidase, revealing that it occurred from the vasculature into the extracellular spaces via pinocytotic vesicles due to the change in the cerebrovascular permeability. PMID- 6216838 TI - The effect of oxygen on Cor pulmonale in experimental emphysema induced by elastase or elastase and beta-aminopropionitrile in hamsters. AB - Right ventricular hypertrophy in elastase-induced emphysema in the System hamster was assessed by either the weight of the right ventricle as a fraction of body weight or by the ratio of the weight of the right to the left ventricle. Right ventricular hypertrophy accompanies elastase-induced emphysema and is more severe in hamsters injected with elastase while fed a diet containing 0.5% beta aminopropionitrile (BAPN), a combination that causes more severe emphysema. Measurements of arterial blood oxygen pressures showed that emphysematous animals were hypoxemic. Treatment of emphysematous animals with 35% O2 either during the development of right ventricular hypertrophy or after it had developed produced measurable amelioration of the hypertrophy in those groups with the more severe emphysema (elastase plus BAPN diet) but did not completely prevent it. The oxygen had no effect on the severity of the emphysema measured morphometrically. These results indicate that the cor pulmonale in elastase-induced emphysema is probably multifactorial, but hypoxia appears to be one of the major factors. PMID- 6216839 TI - Effect of continuous positive airway pressure on respiratory mechanics and pattern of breathing in induced asthma. AB - We studied the effects of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) in 8 asthmatic subjects in whom bronchospasm was induced by aerosolized histamine. The CPAP (12.0 +/- 0.9 cm H2O) increased functional residual capacity by only 0.27 +/ 0.12 L, raised the minimal pleural pressure (Ppl) during inspiration from -32.3 +/- 2.6 cm H2O to -22.8 +/- 2.3 cm H2O (p less than 0.01), and decreased the swings in transdiaphragmatic pressure (Pdi) from 35.1 +/- 2.4 cm H2O to 29.6 +/- 3.7 cm H2O (p less than 0.05). Although ventilation (VE) increased, the inspiratory work per liter of VE fell significantly. More importantly, the pressure-time product for the inspiratory muscles (integral of Ppl.dl) measured over 60 s, fell from 830 +/- 111 to 573 +/- 41 cm H2O.s (p less than 0.05), whereas that for the diaphragm (integral of Pdi.dt) fell from 690 +/- 91 to 497 +/- 74 cm H2O.s (p less than 0.05). We conclude that in induced asthma, CPAP reduces the load on the inspiratory muscles, improving their efficiency and decreasing the energy cost of their action. Our results justify further investigation into the role of CPAP in the treatment of respiratory failure caused by severe bronchial asthma. PMID- 6216840 TI - Why change? A look at the current system of disability determination and workers' compensation for occupational lung disease. AB - Under the current system of disability determination and workers' compensation for occupational lung disease, disabled workers or their survivors can reasonably count on being compensated. However, by rejecting established scientific truth in order to pay workers' compensation in circumstances where disability or death had not been due to occupation, the system has operated unfairly and has undermined public confidence and respect. To gain more scientific integrity and fairness, the system should be changed to provide for adjudication by scientifically informed disability boards. The adversary system sould be retained, however, as needed protection against bias, quackery, and mendacity. PMID- 6216841 TI - The adversary system: cui bono? PMID- 6216842 TI - Cardiac status in juvenile borderline hypertension. AB - A prospective M-mode echocardiographic study was done to look for early cardiovascular changes in children prone to hypertension with blood pressures between the 75th and 95th percentiles for age. Average systolic/diastolic pressures in 27 children with borderline hypertension were 137/89 mm Hg compared to 110/68 mm Hg for the 26 controls. Echocardiographic measurements were normalized for comparison using two methods. The borderline hypertensive group mean values were significantly greater than controls for left ventricular wall thickness (p less than 0.05 for method 1; p less than 0.001 for method 2), left ventricular mass (p less than 0.001; p less than 0.005) and left ventricular wall thickness to radius ratio (p less than 0.001, both methods). Echocardiographic estimates of left ventricular function were lower in the hypertensive group. This study suggests that cardiac hypertrophy can be shown by noninvasive means in some children before arterial pressure becomes elevated. To assess the incidence and possible consequences of early target organ changes, more extensive clinical evaluation of borderline hypertension in children is recommended. PMID- 6216843 TI - [Criticism of the circulating immune complex therapy. Applications in nephrology]. PMID- 6216844 TI - [Circulating and deposited immune complexes: signs of an immunological disturbance in primary and alcoholic myocardiopathies]. PMID- 6216845 TI - [Immune complexes and human respiratory pathology]. PMID- 6216846 TI - [Lund diseases caused by tissue deposits of immune complexes]. PMID- 6216847 TI - Hematoporphyrin-derivative phototherapy for local treatment of cancer of the tracheobronchial tree. AB - In this paper the potential use of hematoporphyrin-derivative (HpD) phototherapy in the local treatment of bronchogenic carcinoma is discussed. Ten patients with cancer involving the tracheobronchial tree have completed at least one course of HpD-mediated laser phototherapy administered by means of the flexible fiberbronchoscope. Complete response was obtained in four cases, and in each case the tumor was small and superficial. Larger tumors with greater degrees of invasion showed only a partial response. Two patients with tumors eroding through the bronchial wall died following treatment. It appears that HpD phototherapy may be useful for control of only small, superficial squamous cell carcinomas of the tracheobronchial tree and only those within the range of the flexible fiberbronchoscope. PMID- 6216848 TI - Immune regulation in myasthenia gravis: evidence for an increased suppressor T cell population. AB - The production of anti-acetylcholine receptor antibodies in myasthenia gravis represents a persistent and unexplained break in self-tolerance. The studies reported here demonstrate an altered regulatory T-cell population with an increase in the percentage of circulating T-suppressor cells as defined by two independently developed murine monoclonal antibody markers. Leu 2a- and OKT8a positive cells were significantly increased within the T-cell population in myasthenia gravis (25.0 +/- 6.4% versus 20.7 +/- 2.9% and 34.9 +/- 7.0% versus 26.0 +/- 3.2%, respectively) compared to an age- and sex-equivalent group. In addition, the circulating total T-cell population was reduced in myasthenia gravis. Patients with symptomatically uncontrolled disease (with or without immunosuppression) demonstrated significantly altered ratios of helper to suppressor T-cells, while patients whose myasthenia symptoms were controlled did not differ from normal subjects. PMID- 6216849 TI - Dementia in Down's syndrome: observations from a neurology clinic. AB - Clinical manifestations of dementia were reviewed in 15 Down's syndrome (DS) patients referred to a neurological clinic over a 24-month period for mental deterioration. The ages ranged from 32-64 years. One hundred percent showed personality changes and loss of independent daily living skills, the presenting symptoms in two-thirds of the cases. Other manifestations included seizures (53%), gait deterioration (73%), sphincteric incontinence (40%), and pathological release reflexes (67%). All 7 patients with CT-scans showed moderate or severe central and peripheral cortical atrophy. Detailed clinical information is presented for two patients, one of whom showed a temporary remission with imipramine. A characteristic dementia syndrome appears to be present in a subpopulation of aging DA patients with radiographic findings of Alzheimer's disease. PMID- 6216851 TI - [Peculiarities of the innervation of some muscles in the oto-rhino-laryngological region]. AB - This study shows different aspects of the innervation of some striated muscles. It appears that neuromuscular spindles are not present in all skeletal muscles. Some muscles of the oto-rhino-laryngological region lack spindles whilst their direct antagonists possess them. Amongst the muscles of the external and middle ear, the soft palate and the larynx having opposite actions, there is in each case one muscle which does not have any spindles. These muscles then have only motor innervation. The muscles which have neuro-muscular spindles are innervated by nerves composed of extra- and intrafusal motor fibres and proprioceptive fibres. The neuro-muscular spindles play a servo-braking role in the muscle where they occur. The oppose then a certain passive elongation of the muscle. At the same time and in this manner, they contribute in controlling and restraining the action of the muscles or of their opponents. This role is particularly important for the various muscles of the oto-rhino-laryngological region and is all the more important since the amplitude of the movements which they cause is very weak. The presence of these spindles increases also the sensitivity and the delicacy of the desired movement, for the behaviour of these muscles is very special. (See formula in text). PMID- 6216852 TI - Effect of cytosol on mitochondrial protein synthesis in vitro during cardiac hypertrophy. PMID- 6216854 TI - Cosmetic dermatologic surgery. AB - This article deals with the office treatment of several common cosmetic problems. The topic of benign lesions is discussed, which includes the management of lentigines, milia, spider nevi, telangiectasis, xanthelasma, and keloids. The use of several modalities for the treatment of acne scarring is advocated; these include dermabrasion, punch-transplant replacement techniques, and collagen implants. Chemical face peels for actinic damage and premature wrinkling are described, and the use of hair transplants, scalp-reduction techniques, and scale flaps to surgically correct male-pattern alopecia are discussed. PMID- 6216853 TI - L-myoinositol-1-phosphate synthase from Neurospora crassa: purification to homogeneity and partial characterization. PMID- 6216855 TI - Unusual local cutaneous reaction to dacarbazine. PMID- 6216856 TI - Allergic contact dermatitis to new plastic resins. PMID- 6216857 TI - Increased helper-suppressor T-cell ratio in psoriasis. AB - Numerous investigations have suggested an immunologic pathogenesis of psoriasis and diminished suppressor T-cell activity of psoriatic blood. Consequently, a study was undertaken to explain whether diminished suppressor cell activity was a result of quantitative alterations of the T-lymphocyte subpopulation. Twenty patients with psoriasis and 20 normal control subjects were randomly selected. Our findings demonstrated a significant decrease in the percentage of suppressor cells (T gamma), a significant elevation of helper cells (T mu), and a highly significant increase in the helper-suppressor T-cell ratio (T mu/T gamma) of psoriatic blood compared with that of normal control subjects. Our study gives further support to the possible role of immunologic factors in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. PMID- 6216858 TI - Efficacy of minocycline compared with tetracycline in treatment of acne vulgaris. AB - A double-blind evaluation of the efficacy and safety of minocycline hydrochloride and tetracycline hydrochloride was conducted and completed using 49 patients with Pillsbury grade 2 or grade 3 acne. For six months, half of the patients received minocycline and half received tetracycline. Although the differences between treatment groups were not statistically significant at any evaluation, more patients treated with minocycline reached and maintained a noninflammatory acne status in less time than did patients treated with tetracycline. After six weeks, twice as many patients in the group treated with minocycline had reached noninflammatory status. Side effects reported by 7 patients were equally distributed between treatment groups. No notable abnormalities were observed in the results of blood chemistry studies, hematologic tests, quantitative serum immunoglobulin determinations, or thyroid function tests in 20 of the patients examined. PMID- 6216859 TI - Allergic contact dermatitis in two machinists. AB - Two machinists were seen whose chronic hand dermatitis was explained by allergic sensitivity to a biocide, Tris Nitro (2-[hydroxymethyl]-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol), which was added to their metalworking fluids (cutting oils) to prevent rancidity. The cause of the men's difficulty was first suspected when they had positive patch test reactions to a related biocide, Bronopol (2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3 diol), which we added to our standard screening tray because of its presence in more than 500 cosmetic formulations. The detective skills of the patients uncovered the chemical, Tris Nitro, related to Bronopol in their work environment. Most cases of dermatitis seen in machinists are irritant in origin. As we achieve better cooperation from the metalworking fluid industry, perhaps an increasing number of allergens will be identified. When this occurs, a cooperative manufacturer can be invaluable in directing a machinist to a replacement--a well-preserved cutting fluid free of the allergen. PMID- 6216860 TI - Early development of infants 1000 g or less at birth. AB - In a 4-year period the neonatal survival rate for 26 infants weighing 501-750 g was 42% and for 81 infants weighing 751-1000 g it was 61%. All 59 surviving infants have been assessed at follow-up; 39 were at least 2 years old (corrected for prematurity) and data from the remaining 20 were derived from assessment at 1 year corrected age. Five children had cerebral palsy, 4 had multiple handicaps, 4 each had a sensory handicap, 2 had developmental delay, and 1 had a dilated right ventricle without clinical hydrocephalus. Twelve of the 16 children with defined handicaps were considered to have significant functional handicaps. Therefore, of the 107 infants in this series, 48 (45%) died, 12 (11%) survived with significant functional handicaps, and 47 (44%) were considered to be developing within the normal range. No significant differences in the incidence of handicap were observed between inborn and outborn children, boys or girls, those who were small or appropriate for gestation, those who weighed less than or equal to 750 g or greater than 750 g at birth, and those who required or did not require prolonged oxygen or ventilation. PMID- 6216861 TI - In vitro studies of DDT, DDE, and ATPase as related to avian eggshell thinning. PMID- 6216862 TI - Multiple side effects of penicillamine therapy in one patient with rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Skin rashes, proteinuria, systemic lupus erythematosus, polymyositis and myasthenia gravis have all been recorded as complications of penicillamine therapy in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. A patient who had developed all 5 is now described. The skin lesion resembled elastosis perforans serpiginosa, which has been reported as a rare side effect in patients with Wilson's disease but not in patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated with penicillamine. PMID- 6216864 TI - Severe supravalvular aortic stenosis: successful surgical correction by extended aortoplasty. AB - Surgical treatment of severe discrete supravalvular aortic stenosis by placement of a patch graft across the narrowed area of aorta at one point has been associated with a substantial incidence of residual stenosis. Successful relief of a severe stenosis was achieved by a modification of a previously reported technique in which the stenotic area is expanded at two points. Use of this technique should be considered in cases of severe discrete supravalvular aortic stenosis. PMID- 6216863 TI - Excessive prostaglandin E2 production by suppressor monocytes in head and neck cancer patients. AB - The proliferative response of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) to the mitogens PHA and Con A significantly depressed in 86% of 45 head and neck cancer patients compared with 44 normal controls. This depression of immune competence was greatest in older patients and in those with more advanced disease stages. The abnormal mitogen responses could be restored toward normal (especially with Con A stimulation) by incubating the cells with either of two prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors (indomethacin or RO-205720). This augmentation of immune response was independent of other factors, including the primary tumor site, disease stage, treatment (surgery, radiation therapy, or chemotherapy) or the patients's age or race. The most likely explanation for this depressed level of immunocompetence was an excessive production of PGE2 by suppressor cells. This was confirmed by the finding that PBMC from patients produced more PGE2 than PBMC from normal individuals (8.4 ng/ml vs. 5.2 ng/ml, p=0.002). This difference was greatest among patients less than 60 years of age whose cultured PBMC produced 91% more PGE2 than controls (p less than 0.0007). Virtually all of the PGE2 was produced by a population of monocytes defined by a monoclonal antibody and purified with a fluorescence-activated cell sorter. Patients with epidermoid cancer of the head and neck thus have an abnormality of immunoregulatory monocytes that can contribute significantly to their depression of cellular immunity by elaborating prostaglandin E2. This abnormality could be partially corrected in vitro by incubating their PMBC with a prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor. PMID- 6216865 TI - [Coronary angioplasty using percutaneous transluminal dilatation or transluminal coronary angioplasty]. PMID- 6216867 TI - Clinical clue of severe aortic stenosis. Simultaneous palpation of the carotid and apical impulses. AB - In patients with severe aortic stenosis, simultaneous palpation of the carotid and apical impulses yields a palpable lag time between the two. Apexcardiograms and carotid pulse tracings were recorded in 66 control subjects and in 30 patients with aortic stenosis. Using QRS peak as reference, the peak appearance time of the carotid pulse tracings and apexcardiograms was measured, and the difference was calculated as palpable lag time; 21/30 patients had a palpable lag time, whereas nine did not; 22/30 patients with aortic stenosis had aortic valve areas of less than 1 sq cm. Twenty-one of these 22 patients had a palpable lag time. The sensitivity of a palpable lag time for aortic valve areas of less than 1 sq cm was 95%, specificity 100%, positive predictive value 100%, and negative predictive value 89%. The group means for measured lag times between controls (70 +/- 7 ms) and those patients with aortic stenosis (133 +/- 7 ms) showed a definite difference. The palpable lag time by linear regression analysis had an r of .68, third in rank to the aortic valve gradient and ECG for predicting aortic valve area. Multiple regression analysis found the palpable lag time, ECG, syncope, and shudder waves together able to predict the aortic valve area (r = .85). PMID- 6216866 TI - [Electrocardiographic bases for the diagnosis of left ventricular hypertrophy. Evaluation of myocardial status]. PMID- 6216868 TI - Passive euthanasia of patients with Down's syndrome. PMID- 6216869 TI - Effects of stimulating the lumbar sympathetic trunk on cat hindlimb muscle spindles. AB - 1. The effect of stimulating the lumbar sympathetic trunk has been observed on cat lumbrical and tenuissimus muscle spindles. 2. Spindle afferent discharges were recorded either from single Ia fibers in teased dorsal root filaments or from a large number of spindles by integrating their discharges led from muscles nerves. 3. Blood flow in small arteries supplying the muscle was observed through a microscope during and after the stimulation of the sympathetic trunk. 4. In some spindles repetitive stimulation of the sympathetic trunk elicited, after a few seconds delay, a small increase in firing rate. This can be ascribed to a direct action of sympathetic axons on the spindles because it precedes by about 20-30 sec the reduction of blood flow observed in the muscle arteries. This effect is not accompanied by a change in dynamic sensitivity of the primary ending. 5. This early effect is followed, after 20-30 sec, by a later rise in firing frequency which still progresses after the end of stimulation and eventually terminates in an abrupt fall in firing often leading to interruption of the ending activity. Recovery takes places at a variable time after the blood flow has bee reestablished. These long lasting effects can be ascribed to reduction of blood flow in muscle spindles since they are always associated with changes in blood flow in muscle arteries and since they are mimicked by occlusion of the muscle circulation. 6. In some spindles, the amplitudes of frequencygrams elicited by stimulation of static gamma axons were slightly increased suggesting a weak facilitatory effect on the contraction of some intrafusal muscle fibers. PMID- 6216870 TI - [Effects of ipratropium bromide in aerosol administration on airway resistance and MEFV curves]. PMID- 6216871 TI - Polymorphism of PGM3 in the Polish population. PMID- 6216872 TI - Transluminal dilation. An alternative? AB - In a prospective study, 384 peripheral arterial transluminal dilations were evaluated, using clinical and vascular laboratory criteria, and analyzed by the life-table method. The overall cumulative success rate was 58.9 +/- 3.3% (mean +/ SEM) after two years but was higher if the iliac segment was dilated, only one site was dilated, the clinical indication was claudication, the distal vessels were normal, the ankle-brachial BP ratio was more than 0.35, or if the patient was younger than 55 years. The complication rate was 3.9%. If the dilation failed, the symptoms were worse in 8% and the ankle-brachial BP ratio fell in 23%. After successful dilation in patients with normal distal vessels, residual claudication persisted in 34%, and the ankle-brachial BP ratio remained abnormal in 40%. Although the overall success rate of transluminal dilation was lower than for a comparable surgical procedure, dilation does have a role in the management of localized peripheral vascular disease. PMID- 6216873 TI - Primary closure of gastroschisis. Facilitation with postoperative muscle paralysis. AB - Although most surgeons prefer primary closure of gastroschisis, staged closure is most commonly needed because of marked visceroabdominal disproportion. We have modified the usual primary fascial closure by introducing postoperative muscle paralysis through the use of a nondepolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent. The result was a higher percentage of patients amenable to primary closure. Twenty nine patients with gastroschisis were treated by us during a 5 1/2-year period. Primary fascial closure was possible in 20 cases (69%). In 17 of the 20 patients, postoperative paralysis was induced for two to three days to avoid the complications associated with increased intraabdominal pressure. Postoperative complications were few. PMID- 6216874 TI - Neonatal exposure to zearalenone causes persistent anovulatory estrus in the rat. AB - The effect of neonatal administration of zearalenone on the female reproductive system was studied in the rat. A single subcutaneous injection of 1.0 mg zearalenone to 3- or 5-day-old rats caused persistent vaginal estrus in adulthood. Ovaries in these animals contained many large follicles but no newly formed corpora lutea. The same effects were observed in rats which had received 100 micrograms estradiol-17 beta in the neonatal period. Most rats which had received 100 micrograms zearalenone or 10 micrograms estradiol-17 beta showed regular 4-day estrous cycles and had newly formed corpora lutea in their ovaries. These results demonstrate that neonatal exposure to zearalenone produced persistent anovulatory estrus in the rat, the potency being about one tenth that of estradiol-17 beta. PMID- 6216875 TI - Cultured fibroblasts in Huntington's disease. I. Effects of L-glutamic acid. AB - Huntington's disease (HD) is associated with a defect in the CNS that may involve the "glutamine cycle." There is conflicting evidence that other cell types also manifest the abnormality. Thirty HD, 20 "at-risk," and 20 normal cell lines were used in studies of viability, plating efficiency, cell growth "glutamine rescue," and tritiated thymidine and tritiated leucine incorporation in the presence of O to 30mM L-glutamic acid. Cell viability, plating efficiency, and growth were decreased, with increasing glutamic acid concentrations. Tritiated thymidine and tritiated leucine incorporation was slightly affected by glutamic acid. Glutamine rescue was significantly more effective in normal cells than in HD cells. Fibroblasts in HD are a little more sensitive to L-glutamic acid than normal cells. PMID- 6216876 TI - Cultured fibroblasts in Huntington's disease. II. Effects of glucosamine. AB - It has been proposed that there is a generalized membrane defect in Huntington's disease (HD) that is expressed in non-neuronal tissue. This membrane abnormality has been linked to a glucosamine dependence of HD cells that can be demonstrated in cultured skin fibroblasts. Twenty HD, "at-risk," and normal cell lines were used in studies of growth, viability, and adhesion in Eagle's Minimum Essential Medium with dialyzed serum or serum separated by a fractionating column (Sephadex G50). The effects of the supplementation of these media with serine, glutamine, glucosamine, and N-acetylglucosamine (0.1mM) on cell growth were determined. The growth of cells in the presence of glucosamine (0mM to 2mM) and N acetylglucosamine (1mM) was monitored. The HD cells grew slightly better than normal or at-risk cells in the depleted media and attached to the culture surface better. However, the glucosamine dependence of HD cells was not demonstrated. PMID- 6216878 TI - Cornual pregnancy--diagnosis before rupture a report of 2 cases. PMID- 6216877 TI - Skin tests for coeliac disease employing fractions of a gliadin digest. AB - Gliadin sub-fractions have been tested by intradermal injection in 19 adult patients with coeliac disease in remission and in 19 healthy adult controls. Fraction 3, obtained by SP Sephadex chromatography of a peptic-tryptic digest of gliadin, produced strong reactions (areas of erythema greater than 1 cm2) in 13 of the patients. Weak or negative reactions to fraction 3 were produced in the remaining patients, including 2 patients who were currently on prednisolone therapy in addition to a gluten-free diet. There was no correlation between time on a gluten free diet and severity of reaction in the patients not on prednisolone therapy. A strong reaction was observed with only one control and in the remaining controls all reactions were negative. Other fractions produced strong reactions in comparatively few patients. Skin tests using Fraction 3 could thus form part of the diagnosis for coeliac disease and could lead to a knowledge of the composition of the peptides which are important in the aetiology of this disease. PMID- 6216879 TI - Isoenzyme pattern and activity of myocardial creatine phosphokinase under heart adaptation to prolonged overload. AB - Three isoenzymes of creatine phosphokinase (CPK) were detected in rat heart myocardium after electrophoretic separation of the enzyme in agarose gel: MM isozyme, MB isozyme and BB isozyme. The ratio of their activities was 60:30:5. Total activity of CPK per unit mass of myocardium was increased concomitant with transformation of its isoenzyme spectrum during the early stage of heart adaptation to the increased loading caused by aortic constriction. By the third day of cardiac hyperfunction, relative BB isozyme activity in the heart had increased to 15%, relative activity of the hybrid MB isozyme was increased to 40%, and relative activity of the main muscle MM isozyme was decreased to 45%. The relative increase in the activity of BB isozyme appears to reflect a preference for accumulation of the most functionally effective, short-lived isoenzymes-which play the key role in adaptation of tissues and systems to long term loading. PMID- 6216881 TI - [Recent developments in high-dose immunoglobulin therapy: therapeutic plasma exchange, autoimmune diseases]. PMID- 6216880 TI - Myocardial energy metabolism in the hypertrophied hearts of spontaneously hypertensive rats. AB - Age-related changes in the myocardial energy metabolism were studied in spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) rats of 5-15 weeks of age. Systolic blood pressure increased rapidly during 5 to 10 weeks of age (developing phase) and attained a plateau level at 10 to 15 weeks (sustained phase). Even during the developing phase, the heart was hypertrophic, as assessed by an increase in the ratio of the ventricular weight to body weight. However, myocardial contents of glycolytic intermediates and high energy phosphate compounds and thus, the myocardial energy state (phosphorylation potential) in SHR rats did not differ from those in age-matched normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats. The lactate/pyruvate ratio was significantly lower in SHR rats. On the other hand, during the sustained phase, cardiac hypertrophy progressed only gradually, and myocardial contents of creatine phosphate and ATP were lower, while the lactate content was higher than in WKY rats. The lactate/pyruvate ratio was elevated, while phosphorylation potential was lowered. These findings suggest that the energy state is normal during the developing phase of hypertension despite the presence of cardiac hypertrophy and the increased pressure load, whereas the energy state is at a lower level during the sustained phase of hypertension. PMID- 6216882 TI - [The pathogenesis of immune complexes and the clinical intravenous use of IgG and enzyme-treated IgG preparation]. PMID- 6216884 TI - Glycogen branching enzyme in Lafora myoclonus epilepsy. PMID- 6216883 TI - Role of fructose 2,6-bisphosphate in the stimulation of glycolysis by anoxia in isolated hepatocytes. AB - 1. Incubation of hepatocytes from fed or starved rats with increasing glucose concentrations caused a stimulation of lactate production, which was further increased under anaerobic conditions. 2. When glycolysis was stimulated by anoxia, [fructose 2,6-bis-phosphate] was decreased, indicating that this ester could not be responsible for the onset of anaerobic glycolysis. In addition, the effect of glucose in increasing [fructose 2,6-bisphosphate] under aerobic conditions was greatly impaired in anoxic hepatocytes. [Fructose 2,6 bisphosphate] was also diminished in ischaemic liver, skeletal muscle and heart. 3. The following changes in metabolite concentration were observed in anaerobic hepatocytes: AMP, ADP, lactate and L-glycerol 3-phosphate were increased; ATP, citrate and pyruvate were decreased: phosphoenolpyruvate and hexose 6-phosphates were little affected. Concentrations of adenine nucleotides were, however, little changed by anoxia when hepatocytes from fed rats were incubated with 50 mM glucose. 4. The activity of ATP:fructose 6-phosphate 2-phosphotransferase was not affected by anoxia but decreased by cyclic AMP. 5. The role of fructose 2,6 bisphosphate in the regulation of glycolysis is discussed. PMID- 6216885 TI - Rapid selective stimulation by growth factors of the incorporation by BALB/C 3T3 cells of [35S]methionine into a glycoprotein and five superinducible proteins. PMID- 6216886 TI - Peroxide binding to the type 3 site in Rhus vernicifera laccase depleted of type 2 copper. PMID- 6216887 TI - The subunit structure of heart muscle chalones. PMID- 6216888 TI - Nuclear deoxyribonuclease activities in normal and xeroderma pigmentosum lymphoblastoid cells. PMID- 6216889 TI - Regional differentiation in bull sperm plasma membranes. PMID- 6216890 TI - Inhibition of the enzymes of glutathione metabolism by mercuric chloride in the rat kidney: reversal by selenium. AB - The treatment of rats with 10 mumoles/kg (s.c.) of mercuric chloride (Hg2+) caused time-dependent decreases in the activities of the enzymes of the glutathione (GSH) metabolism pathway in the kidney. Twenty-four hours after administration of Hg2+, the activities of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase and glutathione disulfide (GSSG)-reductase in the kidney were decreased by 50-60%, and the activities of the GSH catabolic enzymes, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase and GSH-peroxidase, were decreased by 25-35%. In the liver, only the activity of GSSG-reductase was decreased at this time. The observed decreases in the enzyme activities were not accompanied by a depression in the cellular protein concentration. The same pattern of enzyme response was noted when rats were given 30 mumoles/kg Hg2+; however, the decreases in the specific activity of the enzymes were accompanied by great losses in the cellular protein concentrations in both the liver and the kidney (35-40%). This dose of Hg2+ also caused significant decreases in the concentration of GSH in both organs. In vitro, Hg2+ only inhibited the activity of GSSG-reductase. When rats were given sodium selenite (Na2SeO3; 5, 10 or 20 mumoles/kg, s.c.) 30 min after Hg2+ treatment (10 mumoles/kg), the Hg2+-related depressions in the activities of the enzymes of GSH metabolism in the liver and the kidney were blocked. Also, in rats treated with 30 mumoles/kg Hg2+, the administration of 10 mumoles/kg selenium significantly decreased the magnitude of depression in the concentration of GSH in the kidney. PMID- 6216891 TI - Effect of hydroxyurea and 5-fluorodeoxyuridine on deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate pools early in phytohemagglutinin-stimulated human lymphocytes. AB - The induction of deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate pools was studied in phytohemagglutinin-stimulated human lymphocytes in the presence of metabolic inhibitors. The dATP pool was completely inhibited in cells treated with hydroxyurea, in contrast to the dTTP pool. However, 1-formyl-isoquinoline thiosemicarbazone inhibited the formation of these pools equally. During approximately 3 hr of treatment of stimulated cells with hydroxyurea, the dATP, dGTP and dCTP pools were depleted to the base levels observed in the cells before the pools were induced. The base level of the dTTP pool was achieved only in the presence of 5-fluorodeoxyuridine, but the inhibition was completely prevented by addition of thymidine. It is suggested that, when resting lymphocytes were stimulated to enter the growth cycle, the formation of deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates in the early transformation was due to the de novo pathway. PMID- 6216892 TI - Uptake of zimelidine and inhibition of uptake of 5-hydroxytryptamine in the isolated, ventilated and perfused rat lung. AB - Uptake of zimelidine from the perfusate in isolated perfused rat lung was concentration-dependent. Accumulated zimelidine was released from the lung according to a two-compartment model and lidocaine injected as a bolus did partially displace zimelidine. The properties of the displacement curves indicated, however, that the affinity to the lung tissue was greater for zimelidine than lidocaine. Uptake of 5-hydroxytryptamine added to the perfusion buffer was inhibited by zimelidine. The displacement of zimelidine by lidocaine did not, statistically, significantly alter the extraction of 5 hydroxytryptamine. PMID- 6216893 TI - Renal transport of 2'-deoxytubercidin in mice. AB - Previous results [J. F. Kuttesch, Jr. and J. A. Nelson, Cancer Chemother, Pharmac. 8, 221 (1982)] from this laboratory indicate that mechanisms exist for renal secretion of 2'-deoxyadenosine and possibly for reabsorption of adenosine in humans and in mice. Since significant metabolism of these purine nucleosides occurs even in the presence of adenosine deaminase inhibitors, the renal handling of a compound which is not significantly metabolized by the deaminase or by kinases was studied. Unlike 2'-deoxyadenosine itself, the 2'-deoxyadenosine analog, [4-amino-7-(2'-deoxy-beta-D-erythro-pentofuranosyl)-pyrrolo-(2,3 d)pyrimidine; 2'-deoxytubercidin], is not significantly metabolized by mammalian tissues. In mice, the renal plasma clearance of 2'-deoxytubercidin exceeded that of inulin by about 3-fold. Also, mouse kidney slices concentratively accumulated 2'-deoxytubercidin by a saturable and metabolically dependent process. The uptake by mouse kidney slices was inhibited by classical substrates for the organic cation secretory system (tetraethylammonium, choline and N1-methylnicotinamide) but was not markedly inhibited by classical substrates for the organic anion secretory system (p-aminohippurate, phenol red and probenecid). Since 2' deoxytubercidin inhibited the active, concentrative uptake of [14C]tetraethylammonium, but failed to inhibit the uptake of p [14C]aminohippurate by mouse kidney slices, it is concluded that 2' deoxytubercidin may be secreted by the organic cation system. Additional studies are required, however, to unequivocally establish the relationships between 2' deoxytubercidin, 2'-deoxyadenosine and tetraethylammonium renal secretory mechanisms. PMID- 6216894 TI - Labor-management aspects of occupational risk. PMID- 6216896 TI - [Policies and strategies for leprosy control programs]. PMID- 6216895 TI - Defining the health problems of the elderly. PMID- 6216897 TI - [Intestinal parasites among the populations of various regions of Ecuador: statistical study]. PMID- 6216898 TI - [Artificial xenodiagnosis in Chagas disease]. PMID- 6216899 TI - [Technological update of odontological procedures. Para, Brazil]. PMID- 6216900 TI - [Medical information systems and developing countries]. PMID- 6216901 TI - [Handwashing in relation to hospital infections]. PMID- 6216902 TI - [Women in health and development. I. Various health problems of women in the Third World]. PMID- 6216903 TI - [Dynamics of Trypanosoma cruzi in populations of a primary reservoir, Didelphis marsupialis, in the highlands of Venezuela]. PMID- 6216904 TI - Papillon-Lefevre syndrome. PMID- 6216905 TI - Irreversible morphological changes contributing to depressed cardiac function after surgery for chronic aortic regurgitation. AB - The timing of surgery in chronic aortic regurgitation remains a difficult problem. To identify variables predictive of postoperative haemodynamic improvement, changes in left ventricular mass, volume, morphology, and histochemistry were analysed in 67 patients undergoing surgery for chronic aortic regurgitation. Patients were divided into two groups: those in whom the left ventricular echo diameters returned to normal after operation (51 patients, group A), and those with postoperative dilatation (16 patients, group B). A preoperative biopsy was obtained in all patients; postoperative tissue samples were available in 13 patients (five from group A, eight from group B). Data were correlated with the postoperative clinical, haemodynamic state over a follow-up period of three years. Regression of hypertrophy was usually incomplete. Echocardiographic and angiographic data could not define the type and degree of dysfunction which was irreversible. Massive fibre hypertrophy (mean 34.1 micrometers), moderately or severely increased interstitial fibrous tissue, reduced levels of the myofibrillar and mitochondrial enzymes adenosine triphosphates and succinate dehydrogenase in pre- and post-operative tissue samples correlated with persistent dilation, cardiac failure, and early death (group B). Irreversible morphological and functional changes contributed to a depressed cardiac function after operation. Preoperative ventricular biopsies are thus of prognostic importance in volume overload. PMID- 6216906 TI - A case of abdominal wall discolouration in acute pancreatitis. PMID- 6216907 TI - Inhibition of neutrophil migration by etretinate and its main metabolite. PMID- 6216908 TI - Sex difference in response of the human sebaceous gland to topical flutamide. PMID- 6216909 TI - Concurrent development of preleukaemic, lymphoproliferative and plasma cell disorders. AB - A patient is described who presented with a combined preleukaemic, lymphoproliferative and plasma cell disorder. These disorders were not related to cytotoxic therapy. The clonal nature of the lymphoid component was demonstrated by lymphocyte surface marker studies and the clonal nature of the plasma cell component by immunoperoxidase studies. Since the involved lymphoid and plasma cells contained different heavy and light chains, they were felt to originate from two separate B cell clones not related to the clone responsible for the preleukaemic component. PMID- 6216910 TI - Infants born before 29 weeks gestation: survival and morbidity at 2 years of age. AB - In a collaborative study involving two hospitals with large maternity services, 166 liveborn infants of gestational age from 24 to 28 weeks were born in the calendar years 1977 and 1978. Of these infants, 75 (45.2%) died either in hospital or after discharge home. At the age of 2 years, 16 (9.6%) of the cohort had a major handicap [cerebral palsy, Mental Developmental Index (MDI) under 69, deafness or blindness]. An additional 20 children (12.0%) had significant developmental delay (MDI 69 to 84, -2 to -1 SD below mean) and 53 (31.9%) were considered to be free of these handicaps. Psychological assessments were not performed on two survivors (1.2%) but reliable reports indicated that they were free of major handicaps. Long-term survival increased in a stepwise fashion from 9.1% at 24 weeks to 68.5% at 28 weeks gestation, and there was a trend for major handicap and significant developmental delay to decrease in incidence with increasing maturity. Of the 58 children who had presented by the vertex 42 (72.4%) were free of significant handicap; however, of the 31 children in whom there had been either a breech presentation or a transverse lie, only 11 (35.5%) were free of significant handicap (chi 2 = 9.69, P less than 0.01). The mode of delivery (vaginal or caesarean section) did not significantly affect the handicap rate in the survivors. PMID- 6216911 TI - Influence of laparoscopic follicular aspiration under general anaesthesia on corpus luteum progesterone secretion in normal and clomiphene-stimulated cycles. AB - In 32 patients with unstimulated normal cycles and 24 with cycles stimulated with clomiphene and human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) all visible follicles were punctured laparoscopically under general anaesthesia for the purpose of in vitro fertilization. In unstimulated cycles the time of surgery was between 24 and 32 h after the first luteinizing hormone (LH) increase in the urine; in the cycles stimulated with hCG (5000 i.u.) laparoscopy was between 35 and 37 h after injection. Blood samples for progesterone determination were taken about 7 days later. Progesterone levels were compared with those in a control group not subjected to surgery, in which the progesterone levels were determined 7 days after the LH increase. There was no statistically significant difference in the progesterone levels in the unstimulated subjects after laparoscopy compared with those in the control subjects but progesterone levels in the stimulated subjects were significantly higher (p less than 0.01). Durations of the luteal phases showed no significant differences thus laparoscopy under general anaesthesia does not impair luteal function. PMID- 6216912 TI - Sperm function in patients with unexplained infertility. PMID- 6216913 TI - Long-term effects of cyproterone acetate on the pituitary adrenal axis in adult women. AB - Function of the pituitary-adrenal axis was assessed in 16 adult female patients who had been taking cyproterone acetate for greater than 1 year. Some evidence of reduced basal cortisol output was seen in 25% of the patients, but plasma cortisol levels could be stimulated both by hypoglycaemia and by direct corticotrophin (ACTH) stimulation. The latter effect was confirmed by analysis of steroid excretion in urine although basal excreation rates indicated extensive adrenal suppression. These results suggest that cyproterone acetate does have some glucocorticoid activity which is able partially to suppress the pituitary- adrenal axis, but leaves it still responsive to stress. PMID- 6216914 TI - Size dependence of the translational diffusion of large integral membrane proteins in liquid-crystalline phase lipid bilayers. A study using fluorescence recovery after photobleaching. AB - The translational diffusion of bovine rhodopsin, the Ca2+-activated adenosinetriphosphatase of rabbit muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum, and the acetylcholine receptor monomer of Torpedo marmorata has been examined at a high dilution (molar ratios of lipid/protein greater than or equal to 3000/1) in liquid-crystalline phase phospholipid bilayer membranes by using the fluorescence recovery after photobleaching technique. These integral membrane proteins having molecular weights of about 37 000 for rhodopsin, about 100 000 for the adenosinetriphosphatase, and about 250 000 for the acetylcholine receptor were reconstituted into membranes of dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (rhodopsin and acetylcholine receptor), soybean lipids (acetylcholine receptor), and a total lipid extract of rabbit muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum (adenosinetriphosphatase). The translational diffusion coefficients of all the proteins at 310 K were found to be in the range (1-3) X 10(-8) cm2/s. In consideration of the sizes of the membrane-bound portions of these proteins, this result is in agreement with the weak dependence of the translational diffusion coefficient upon diffusing particle size predicted by continuum fluid hydrodynamic models for the diffusion in membranes [Saffman, P. G., & Delbruck, M. (1975) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 72, 3111-3113]. Lipid diffusion was also examined in th same lipid bilayers with the fluorescent lipid derivative N-(7-nitro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazol-4 yl)dimyristoylphosphatidylethanolamine. The translational diffusion coefficient for this lipid derivative was found to be in the range (9-14) X 10(-8) cm2/s at 310 K. In consideration of the dimensions of the lipid molecule, this value for the lipid diffusion coefficient is in agreement with the continuum fluid hydrodynamic model only if a near-complete slip boundary condition is assumed at the bilayer midplane. Alternatively, kinetic diffusion models [Trauble, H., & Sackmann. E. (1972) J. Am. Chem. Soc. 94, 4499-4510] may have to be invoked to explain the lipid diffusion behavior. PMID- 6216915 TI - Spatial relationship between a fast-reacting thiol and a reactive lysine residue of myosin subfragment 1. AB - Fluorescence energy transfer was used to examine the spatial proximity between two key side chains in myosin subfragment 1 (S-1), viz., the reactive thiol (SH1) located on the C-terminal 20K tryptic fragment and the reactive lysyl (RLR) on the N-terminal 27K tryptic fragment of S-1 heavy chain. S-1 was specifically labeled at SH1 with an energy donor, N-(iodoacetyl)-N'-(5-sulfo-1 naphthyl)ethylenediamine (AEDANS), and at RLR with an energy acceptor, 2,4,6, trinitrobenzenesulfonate (TNBS). Prior blocking of SH1 with AEDANS increased the pK of RLR from 9.04 to 9.42. Trinitrophenylation of SH1-blocked S-1 was about 50% slower and sharply reduced the Ca2+ ATPase activity. Reciprocally, blocking of RLR with TNBS slowed the rate of reaction of SH1 and AEDANS by 40-60%. Addition of the second label does not grossly alter the conformation resulting from the first label. S-1 labeled at RLR with TNBS and at SH1 with optically inert iodoacetamide shows the same TNP difference spectrum +/- MgADP (lambda min 365 nm) as S-1 with S 1 free. Also, S-1 labeled at SH1 with AEDANS and at RLR with an optically inert methyl group shows the same AEDANS emission spectrum (lambda em max 475 nm), excited-state lifetime (tau = 20.3 ns) and rotational correlation time (phi = 106 ns) as S-1 with RLR free. When the decrease of either the quantum yield or the excited-state lifetime of the donor in the absence and presence of the acceptor was measured, the energy transfer efficiency was found to be 70%. The apparent interchromophore distance was calculated to be 2.6 nm through the use of the Forster equation with an uncertainty of less than 12%. PMID- 6216916 TI - Fibrinolysis and fibrinogenolysis by Val442-plasmin. AB - Elastase cleavage of Lys77-plasmin results in the formation of Val442-plasmin. This result suggests that small, active plasmin fragments can be produced even under conditions of high plasminogen activator levels such as occur in vivo. We examined the effect of the generation of such fragments by studying the degradation of fibrinogen and fibrin by Val442-plasmin. Val442-plasmin lysis of fibrinogen yielded the same products as obtained with Lys77-plasmin, but at a slightly lower rate. Lysine inhibited fibrinogenolysis by both Lys77-plasmin and Val442-plasmin. The marked inhibition observed at concentrations higher than 10 mM lysine occurred to the same extent for both proteases. In addition, the products and rate of fibrinolysis were the same for both proteases. These results indicate that the lysine binding regions present in Lys77-plasmin but absent in Val442-plasmin do not determine the rate, reaction products, or lysine inhibition of fibrinolysis and fibrinogenolysis by plasmin. PMID- 6216917 TI - Anticoagulant and calcium-binding properties of high molecular weight derivatives of human fibrinogen (plasmin fragments Y). AB - The present study was undertaken as a step to delineate further the localization of the calcium-binding sites in fibrinogen and to assess the anticlotting properties of fibrinogen degradation products. To this purpose, fragments Y were prepared by plasmin digestion of human fibrinogen in the presence of added Ca2+, and purified. We found that, on a molar basis, fragments Y exhibit twice as much anticlotting activity as fragments X. They possess two calcium-binding sites with Kd = 1.9 . 10(-5) M. Their predominant amino-terminal amino acids are alanine and tyrosine. It is known that one binding site in fragment Y is related to its D moiety. We conclude that the other calcium-binding site may be located in the central domain of the molecule. PMID- 6216919 TI - Purification and characterization of basic glucosyltransferase from Streptococcus mutans serotype c. AB - Streptococcus mutans Ingbritt (serotype c) was found to secrete basic glucosyltransferase (sucrose: 1,6-alpha-D-glucan 3-alpha and 6-alpha glucosyltransferase). The enzyme preparation obtained by ethanol fractionation, DEAE Bio-Gel A chromatography, chromatofocusing and preparative isoelectric focusing was composed of three isozymes with slightly different isoelectric points (pI 8.1-8.4). The molecular weight was estimated to be 151000 by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The specific activity of the enzyme was 9.8 IU per mg of protein and the optimum pH was 6.5. The enzyme was activated 2.4 fold by commercial dextran T10, and had Km values of 7.1 micro M for the dextran and 4.3 mM for sucrose. Glucan was de novo synthesized from sucrose by the enzyme and found to be 1,6-alpha-D-glucan with 17.7% of 1,3,6-branching structure by a gas-liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy. PMID- 6216918 TI - A selenocysteine-containing selenium-transport protein in rat plasma. AB - A selenocysteine-containing rat plasma protein (selenoprotein P) was examined for a possible role in the transport of selenium in the rat. A time-course study of the localization of injected 75Se from [75Se]selenite indicated that one-half of the selenium was sequestered by liver tissue 1 h after injection and that one fourth of the 75Se in the plasma was attached to selenoprotein P 3 h after injections. By 25 h there was little 75Se in plasma, and much of the 75Se had accumulated in nonhepatic tissues. 75Se was incorporated into selenoprotein P by liver slices in a process that was sensitive to the protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide. The fate of 75Se from intracardially injected 75Se-labeled selenoprotein P was followed in rats maintained on selenium-deficient and selenium-sufficient diets. Substantially more of the injected 75Se was present per gram wet weight in the testes and kidneys than the livers of the selenium deprived rats after 5 h. The results indicate that selenoprotein P is synthesized in rat liver and that it transfers selenium from the liver to extrahepatic tissues. PMID- 6216920 TI - [Localization of the ATPase site of nitrogenase by isotopic oxygen exchange [180] Pi in equilibrium with H20]. AB - The components of the nitrogenase complex, MoFe-protein and FeMo-cofactor, possessing no ATPase or nitrogen-fixing activity, maintain the 18O-exchange at the level of 1 atom of 18O per molecule of Pi, which is inhibited by ATP. The Fe protein complex does not catalyze the 18O-exchange. The nitrogenase components do not hydrolyze the substrates for phosphatase (p-nitrophenylphosphate, beta glycerophosphate, glucose 1-phosphate and ribose 5-phosphate). The artificial albumin-containing MoFe- and Fe-proteins and the carboxyl group-containing proteins (albumin, hemoglobin, lysozyme) as well as sodium molibdate do not catalyze the 18O-exchange. It is assumed that the site of the ATPase center which is subjected to phosphorylation, is located on the MoFe-protein. PMID- 6216921 TI - [Nucleotide composition, genome size and homologies in the DNA of Leptospira of the Armenica serogroup]. PMID- 6216922 TI - The estimation of gene frequency, based on a particular mixed leukocyte culture experiment. PMID- 6216924 TI - Flow dichroism of capsid DNA phages. II. Effect of DNA deletions and intercalating dyes. PMID- 6216923 TI - Temperature dependence of mammalian muscle contractions and ATPase activities. AB - Isolated rat and mouse extensor digitorum longus (EDL) and soleus muscles were studied under isometric and isotonic conditions at temperatures from approximately 8 degrees -38 degrees C. The rate constant for the exponential rise of tension during an isometric tetanus had a Q10 of approximately 2.5 for all muscles (corresponding to an enthalpy of activation, delta H = 66 kJ/mol, if the rate was determined by a single chemical reaction). The half-contraction time, contraction time, and maximum rate of rise for tension in an isometric twitch and the maximum shortening velocity in an isotonic contraction all had a similar temperature dependence (i.e., delta H approximately 66 kJ/mol). The Mg++ ATPase rates of myofibrils prepared from rat EDL and soleus muscles had a steeper temperature dependence (delta H = 130 kJ/mol), but absolute rates at 20 degrees C were lower than the rate of rise of tension. This suggests that the Mg++ ATPase cycle rate is not limiting for force generation. A substantial fraction of cross bridges may exist in a resting state that converts to the force-producing state at a rate faster than required to complete the cycle and repopulate the resting state. The temperature dependence for the rate constant of the exponential decay of tension during an isometric twitch or short tetanus (and the half-fall time of a twitch) had a break point at approximately 20 degrees C, with apparent enthalpy values of delta H = 117 kJ/mol below 20 degrees C and delta H = 70 kJ/mol above 20 degrees C. The break point and the values of delta H at high and low temperatures agree closely with published values for the delta H of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca++ ATPase. Thus, the temperature dependence for the relaxation rate of a twitch or a short tetanus is consistent with that for the reabsorption rate of Ca++ into the SR. PMID- 6216925 TI - Presence of four Fusarium mycotoxins and synthetic material in 'yellow rain'. Evidence for the use of chemical weapons in Laos. AB - Analysis of a 'yellow rain' sample by selected ion monitoring revealed the presence of three trichothecenes: T-2 toxin, diacetoxyscirpenol and 4 deoxynivalenol in concentrations of at least 48, 42 and 58 ppm, respectively. The concentration of zearalenone, another Fusarium mycotoxin, was estimated to be at least 265 ppm. Evidence for a formulation which contained polyethylene glycol was also obtained. PMID- 6216926 TI - [Combined effect of epinephrine and chalone extracted from Ehrlich ascites carcinoma administered during different time of day on cell division in the tumor]. AB - The biphasic circadian rhythm of mitotic activity has been demonstrated in a 5 day Ehrlich's ascites carcinoma (EAC) in mice. Adrenaline injected intraperitoneally in a dose of 1.5 micrograms/g bw produced an inhibitory effect on cell division that lasted over 4 hours and reached maximum at injection to mice during light time of the day. EAC extract in a dose of 1 ml also inhibited the mitosis during 4 hours, but the greatest fall in the mitotic activity was observed during the minimum mitotic activity in the control animals. Combined administration of adrenaline and the extract resulted in the phenomenon of prolonged inhibition of cell division, that persisted for maximum 6-8 hours, if the preparations were injected in the middle of the day light time. Of definite importance was the rhythm of changes in the sensitivity of proliferating tumor cells. PMID- 6216927 TI - [Compensatory reactions of the respiratory center and their manifestations at the periphery of animals with respiratory tract and lung injuries]. AB - The microelectrode and stereotaxic techniques were used in experimental injuries to the respiratory tract and lungs to demonstrate that the respiratory center (RC) was in a state of enhanced excitation whatever the focus of injury. It was found that the efferent flow of impulses from the RC was not uniformly manifested by electrical activity of the respiratory muscles. In tracheitis, the respiration was effected by the inspiratory and expiratory muscles but remained of the diaphragmal type. Considerable reserve possibilities of the RC compensation were discovered in response to additional adequate stimulants. In unilateral pneumonia, the electrical activity of the diaphragm and that of different groups of the expiratory muscles were found to be enhanced, whereas the respiration became of the diaphragmal-abdominal type. The compensatory reactions of the RC were unchanged. In grave bilateral injuries to the lungs, the main factors having a stimulant action on the RC were additional resistance to the respiration and developing hypoxemia. At the same time there was a decrease in the electrical activity of the respiratory muscles. There is every reason to believe that the decline in the electrical activity of the respiratory muscles serves an important protective reaction of the body in grave lung injuries. PMID- 6216928 TI - [Effect of pantogam, nicotinamide, and phenazepam on seizure activity]. AB - Effects of different doses of nicotinamide, pantogam, pnenazepam, and their combined actions on generalized seizures induced by pentylenetetrazole (60-100 mg/kg) were studied in acute experiments on mice. It was shown that pantogam (500 mg/kg) doubled the latent period of seizures, considerably attenuated the intensity of attacks and lethality, whereas given in a dose of 1000 mg/kg it completely prevented the animals' death. Nicotinamide (250-500 mg/kg) increased the latent period of seizures without affecting the intensity of seizures or lethality. Nicotinamide (1000 mg/kg) prevented the development of clonico-tonic attacks and lethality. The antiseizure effects of nicotinamide depended on the time of its injection. Phenazepam (1.4 mg/kg) abolished seizures and in a dose of 0.1-0.7 mg/kg protected the animals from death and considerably relieved seizure manifestations. During combined injections of these compounds, the antiseizure effect was more pronounced and could be attained by decreasing the drug doses. PMID- 6216929 TI - Exposure of platelet fibrinogen-binding sites by collagen, arachidonic acid, and ADP: inhibition by a monoclonal antibody to the glycoprotein IIb-IIIa complex. AB - Following stimulation with adenosine diphosphate (ADP), collagen, or arachidonic acid, unstirred human platelet suspensions bind 125I-fibrinogen in a reaction that reaches completion within 30 min. Scatchard analysis of these binding data reveals two sets of binding sites with all 3 agents: a high affinity site (Kd 0.029-0.045 microM) binding 1000-1600 fibrinogen molecules per platelet, and a lower affinity site (Kd 1.2-2.0 microM) binding 46,000-76,000 fibrinogen molecules per platelet. At a concentration of apyrase that inhibited ADP-induced fibrinogen binding by greater than 85%, fibrinogen binding induced by collagen and arachidonic acid was only partially affected. This suggests that fibrinogen binding induced by collagen or arachidonic acid does not require released ADP. We isolated a monoclonal antibody, B59.2, which precipitated the glycoprotein IIb IIIa complex from solubilized platelet membranes. Binding of labeled antibody to platelets before or after exposure to ADP, collagen, or arachidonic acid showed a single class of approximately 22,000 binding sites with Kd 0.019 microM. Binding of B59.2 was complete within 1 min and was not inhibited by EDTA. Preincubation of platelet suspensions with a 2.1 microM concentration of B59.2 caused inhibition of secretion and aggregation, but not of thromboxane-B2 synthesis, in response to 1 microgram/ml collagen, 40 microM arachidonic acid, or 4 microM ADP, concentrations of aggregating agents that produced complete aggregation and secretion in the absence of B59.2. At this concentration of B59.2, fibrinogen binding to stimulated platelets was inhibited by approximately 45%-55%. These data demonstrate that collagen and arachidonic acid can expose fibrinogen binding sites independently of released ADP; and that the glycoprotein IIb-IIIa complex is involved in secretion, aggregation, and fibrinogen binding, but not in thromboxane synthesis occurring in response to collagen, arachidonic acid, or ADP. PMID- 6216930 TI - The influence of T lymphocytes and their products on hemopoietic precursor cell regeneration in spleen organ cultures. PMID- 6216931 TI - Oral high-dose medroxyprogesterone acetate (MAP) in treatment of advanced breast cancer. A preliminary report of clinical and experimental studies. AB - Medroxyprogesterone acetate (MAP) in the treatment of advanced breast cancer has been regarded as a minor agent according to the previous reports when used at low doses (less than 500 mg/day). High doses of more than 500 mg which have come into use since 1973 give a response rate of over 40%, but sometimes cause gluteal abscess or induration because of daily intramuscular injections. In order to administer easily and to avoid the side effect, we have attempted to use oral administration in a daily dose of 1200 mg (400 mg X 3). Of those 20 patients treated with oral high-dose MAP, 1 showed complete response, 6 showed partial response, 7 no change, and 6 progressive disease. As for site of lesion, 4 out of 6 (67%) in skin and 4 out of 16 (25%) in bone responded. Neither severe side effects nor abnormal laboratory data were seen. Then, we examined the blood levels of MAP in vivo by RIA in 9 patients. The blood level of MAP reached 39-250 ng/ml in 3 days and was maintained at least over 50 ng/ml for 1 or 2 months of continuous administration. Subsequently, we examined the effects of MAP on binding to ER in vitro. The inhibition of binding of estradiol-17 beta to ER was about 60% at 10(-5) M MAP. The blood level of 50 ng/ml in vivo corresponds to about 1.3 X 10(-5) M. PMID- 6216932 TI - Factors affecting dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate levels in human breast secretions. AB - Human breast secretions as collected by nipple aspiration have been analysed for dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate by radioimmunoassay. All secretions collected from non-lactating normal women contained remarkably high levels of dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate as compared with plasma taken at the same time. Although there was a large range of concentrations, levels were of a similar magnitude in different ducts from the same breast and in different breasts from the same individual. No significant difference was detected between secretions from pre and postmenopausal women. Sequential sampling of breast secretions through the menstrual cycle in two normal premenopausal women showed no cyclic variation in dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate concentration. There was also no significant difference between levels in breast secretions obtained from normal women and patients with either malignant or benign breast disease. Analysis of secretions from tumour and non-tumour bearing breasts in cancer patients failed to show consistent differences although, in contrast to normal women, the variation between breasts in individual patients was often marked. PMID- 6216934 TI - [Effects of cyproterone acetate on the acinar cells of mouse submandibular glands. Histochemical studies on submandibular glands of castrated and Tfm mice]. PMID- 6216935 TI - [Necrotizing angiitis as an example of immune complex disease]. PMID- 6216936 TI - A high performance pocket-sized communication aid for use with the hard-of hearing. PMID- 6216937 TI - A behavioural perspective on chronic pain. AB - This review outlines a behavioural view of chronic pain, in which pain behaviours are considered as operants. This view is supported by experiments in which pain behaviour is shown to be under the influence of environmental factors. The number of exercises performed by pain patients working to tolerance tend to be in multiples of five, rather than following a chance distribution. The exercise deficit seen in pain patients under conditions where exercises are counted does not occur when feedback is removed, and under these circumstances pain patients do not differ from normals. Other studies show that tolerance can be increased by verbal reinforcement, and that pain ratings are influenced by the presence or absence of a patient's spouse. Implications of these findings for the maintenance or reduction of chronic pain are discussed. PMID- 6216938 TI - A critical review of behavioural treatments for chronic benign pain other than headache. AB - Studies of the effectiveness of operant, relaxation, cognitive, and multimodal behavioural approaches to the treatment of chronic benign pain other than headache were evaluated. In general, the quality of the studies was poor, and most investigations lacked appropriate and adequate control conditions, outcome measures, and/or follow-ups. While outcome reports for all four behavioural treatments have been mainly positive, few data were found which conclusively demonstrate that any of the approaches are effective or that they are the treatment of choice. The data do, however, imply that behavioural approaches may help patients lead more normal and productive lives. Specifically, the literature suggests that: (1) the operant method leads to increased activity levels and decreased pain and drug intake, (2) the relaxation approach results in decreased EMG levels and some pain reductions, (3) the cognitive techniques are speculative at this time, and (4) the multimodal method regularly produces a variety of improvements, but the diversity of the treatments makes general statements about utility impossible. It is concluded that behavioural treatments for pain are warranted in the clinic and that research dealing with effectiveness and subsequently with component analyses of treatments is badly needed. PMID- 6216939 TI - Neurochemical pathology of brain peptides. PMID- 6216941 TI - A trying Chindit. PMID- 6216940 TI - Chloroquine-associated pruritus in a European. PMID- 6216942 TI - Restoration of paradoxical sleep by cerebrospinal fluid transfer to PCPA pretreated insomniac cats. AB - In p-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA) pretreated insomniac cats, the intraventricular (i.v.t.) injection of artificial cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) did not impair the insomnia. CSF transfer from normal cats was followed in 4 out of 9 cats by the restoration of paradoxical sleep (PS). However, CSF transfer from paradoxical sleep deprived cats did result in 12 out of 13 experiments in a significant increase in slow wave sleep (SWS) and the induction of PS. Biochemical analysis of the CSF from normal or PS deprived cat has shown that the highest quantity of indolamines was at least 1000 times smaller than the threshold dose of 5-HTP (200 microgram) which has been shown to be able to restore sleep by i.v.t. injection in PCPA pretreated insomniac cats. These experiments provide evidence that the transfer of a small quantity of CSF (250 microliter) from a previously paradoxical sleep deprived cat can restore paradoxical sleep in an insomniac PCPA pretreated cat in bypassing the biosynthesis of serotonin (5-HT). These results suggest that a 'paradoxical sleep inducing factor' may be stored in the central nervous system during sleep deprivation. PMID- 6216933 TI - Differentiation of the mammary gland and susceptibility to carcinogenesis. AB - It has been demonstrated that in humans certain factors such as early menarche, late pregnancy, and nulliparity are associated with a higher risk of developing breast cancer, while early pregnancy acts as a protective factor. Induction of mammary cancer in rats by administration of the chemical carcinogen 7,12 dimethylbenz(a)anthracene reveals that the same factors influencing human breast cancer risk also affect the susceptibility of the rat mammary gland to the chemical carcinogen. Nulliparous rats and rats undergoing pregnancy interruption are more susceptible to developing carcinomas. This fact has been attributed to the incomplete differentiation of the gland at the time of carcinogen administration. Parous rats are resistant to the carcinogenic effect of DMBA, which is explained by the complete development of the gland attained during pregnancy and lactation. This development is manifested by the differentiation of terminal end buds into secretory units, which have a smaller proliferative compartment; the epithelial cells of these secretory units have a longer cell cycle, less avidity for binding DMBA, and possess a more efficient DNA excision repair capacity. PMID- 6216943 TI - In situ enzymatic removal of orthophosphate by the nucleoside phosphorylase catalyzed phosphorolysis of nicotinamide riboside. AB - An enzymatic orthophosphate removal system is described which can be effectively used to continuously remove orthophosphate from biochemical samples. The phosphorolysis of nicotinamide riboside is catalyzed by calf spleen nucleoside phosphorylase to give ribose-1-PO4 and nicotinamide along with a proton. At pH 8 the production of ribose-1-PO4 from orthophosphate is essentially quantitative. This reaction can be monitored optically or by 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Equations are given for determining the time required to remove a given amount of phosphate from a typical NMR sample with a known amount of nucleoside phosphorylase. The effects of a competing orthophosphate-producing reaction are considered. PMID- 6216944 TI - Dosage effect of streptozotocin on rat tissue enzyme activities and glycogen concentration. AB - The effect of different dosages of streptozotocin (STZ) on selected rat tissue enzyme activities and glycogen concentration were investigated. The rats were administered STZ intravenously at 60 (STZ-60), 80 (STZ-80), 100 (STZ-100), and 150 (STZ-150) mg/kg body weight. They were used 3 weeks postinjection. Mortality prior to kill occurred only in the STZ-100 and STZ-150 rats. All diabetic rats showed reduced growth rate, hyperglycemia, hypoinsulinemia, and hyperlipemia. Phosphofructokinase (PFK) and succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activities were significantly reduced in the red gastrocnemius muscle of all diabetic rats, and in the white gastrocnemius and soleus of STZ-100 and STZ-150 groups. PFK activity in the heart remained unaltered, but SDH activity was below normal. Liver SDH activity was not affected by insulin deficiency. Glycogen content was markedly increased in the heart and decreased in the liver of all diabetic rats. Glycogen content in the skeletal muscle was similar to the controls, except for the lower values in the soleus of STZ-100 and STZ-150 rats. When STZ-80 and STZ-150 rats were given insulin therapy, the STZ-80 rats showed a greater response to the treatment. Despite similar levels of plasma immunoreactive insulin among all groups of diabetic rats, the STZ-100 and STZ-150 rats had higher mortality, greater loss in body weight, and alterations in enzyme activities and glycogen content in the tissues studied. PMID- 6216945 TI - Acne, arthritis and sacroiliitis. PMID- 6216946 TI - Hematoporphyrin derivative photoradiation therapy for the treatment of intraocular tumors: examination of acute normal ocular tissue toxicity. AB - Preclinical studies designed to define potential side effects resulting from the use of hematoporphyrin derivative (HPD) photoradiation therapy (PRT) as a modality for treating intraocular tumors have been performed. Pigmented rabbits were used to evaluate acute normal ocular tissue toxicity following single HPD PRT treatments in which the light was directed through the pupil and onto a 1-sq cm area of the retina. The treatment procedure consisted of the i.v. administration of HPD (1 to 10 mg/kg) followed 48 hr later by a 15-min exposure of localized red light [635 +/- 5 nm; 40 to 400 milliwatts/sq cm] generated by a free running rhodamine B dye laser pumped by a 5-watt argon laser. Toxicity to normal retinal tissue was documented using fundus photography, fluorescein angiography, and histological examination. The results of this study demonstrated that ocular damage in the form of retinal edema, detachment, and necrosis could be induced by clinically relevant doses of HPD PRT. The area of retinal damage was limited to the treatment field in all but the highest doses of HPD PRT. The histological results were in agreement with the visual observations in that abrupt and demarcated transition areas between injured and normal-appearing retina were observed. Care will have to be used in the delivery of light to the treatment field if HPD PRT is to be utilized for treatment of intraocular tumors. PMID- 6216947 TI - Kinetics and metabolism of a new fluoropyrimidine, 5'-deoxy-5-fluorouridine, in humans. AB - 5'-Deoxy-5-fluorouridine (5'-dFUrd) is a new antineoplastic agent which possesses a higher therapeutic index in several experimental tumors compared to other fluoropyrimidines. During a Phase I trial, 5'-dFUrd, 1 to 15 g/sq m/week, was administered to patients as a 25- to 35-min i.v. infusion. Plasma kinetics and metabolism of 5'-dFUrd were investigated. The unmetabolized drug was measured by a high-performance liquid chromatography assay. 5-Fluorouracil and 5,6 dihydrofluorouracil, the two detected plasma metabolites, were quantitated by a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry methodology with a detection limit of 0.07 microM for both metabolites. The disposition of 5'-dFUrd in humans at therapeutic doses followed a nonlinear kinetic process. Plasma concentrations of 5 fluorouracil generated in vivo represented approximately 6% of 5'-dFUrd concentrations and the 5-fluorouracil half-life ranged from 8.8 to 27.1 min. High plasma values of 5,6-dihydrofluorouracil (14.5 to 30 microM) were observed in patients, indicating the importance of this pathway in humans. PMID- 6216948 TI - Structural features of the contact zones for heparan sulphate self-association. AB - The self-association between heparan sulphate chains has been investigated by using heparan sulphate oligosaccharides for the competitive elution of [3H]heparan sulphate from heparan sulphate-agarose. Partial or complete periodate oxidation followed by alkali-catalysed scission afforded oligomers having the general structure GlcN-(HexA-GlcN)n-R. Oligosaccharides with n greater than 5 were able to desorb bound heparan sulphate, provided that mixed or alternating arrangements of iduronate and glucuronate were present in these fragments. Longer fragments were more effective than shorter ones. The present results corroborate previous proposals that the highly copolymeric regions of heparan sulphate serve as contact zones for the chain-chain association. PMID- 6216949 TI - Structural requirements for heparan sulphate self-association. AB - To investigate heparan sulphate self-association, various sub-fractions of beef lung heparan sulphate have been subjected to affinity chromatography on heparan sulphate-agarose. A particular variant of heparan sulphate was chiefly bound to matrices substituted with the same or cognate heparan sulphates. N-desulphation and N-acetylation abolished the chain-chain interaction. Also, dermatan sulphates and chondroitin sulphates showed affinity for heparan sulphate-agarose. [3H]Heparan sulphates that were bound to a heparan sulphate-agarose were desorbed by elution with the corresponding heparan sulphate chains and also with unrelated heparan sulphates, heparin, and the galactosaminoglycans to various degrees. However, the corresponding heparan sulphate species was the most efficient at low concentrations. Dextran sulphate was unable to desorb bound heparan sulphate. When the corresponding heparan sulphate was N-desulphated/N-acetylated, carboxyl reduced, or periodate-oxidised (D-glucuronate), the modified polymer was unable to displace [3H]heparan sulphate from heparan sulphate-agarose. The displacing ability of heparin was also destroyed by periodate oxidation. It is concluded that self-interaction between heparan sulphate chains is strongly dependent on the overall molecular conformation. The N-sulphate and carboxylate groups as well as the integrity of the D-glucuronate residue are all essential for maintaining the proper secondary structure. PMID- 6216950 TI - What is the role of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty in coronary artery disease? PMID- 6216951 TI - What is the reliability and the utility of scintigraphic methods for the assessment of ventricular function? PMID- 6216952 TI - What is the role of CT scanning of the heart? AB - Computed tomography of the heart and great vessels is a promising new imaging technique whose full potential is as yet undefined. The clinical conditions in which it has been used, as outlined in this report, indicate it offers great promise. The ability of the computer to rearrange transverse scan data into parasagittal, coronal, and oblique planes gives a new (third) dimension to cardiac imaging. This display format should greatly enhance the clinician's understanding of the spatial configuration of normal and diseased hearts. Dynamic scanning with contrast enhancement by bolus injection permits, in addition to anatomic definition of pathology, further information about cardiac dynamics. Faster CT scanners are already under development. Scanning speeds of 20 to 25 msec. are a realistic possibility. Also, future scanners will have multiple simultaneous slice capability. These technical advances will certainly enhance the clinical utility of CT for evaluating cardiovascular disease. The future of cardiac imaging is, indeed, bright and exciting. PMID- 6216954 TI - Physarum myosin light chain binds calcium. AB - Myosin from the slime mold Physarum polycephalum contains three sizes of polypeptides: a heavy chain and two light chains, LC-1 and LC-2. Using a simple qualitative test for calcium binding by comparing electrophoretic migration of the polypeptides in sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) acrylamide gels in the presence and absence of calcium, we have found that Physarum myosin light chain LC-2 migrates with an apparent molecular weight of 16,900 daltons in the presence of the metal ion chelator ethylene glycol bis (B-aminoethyl ether) N,N'-tetraacetic acid (EGTA). However, if calcium chloride is added to the sample prior to electrophoresis, the apparent molecular weight decreases to 16,100. Lanthanide and cadmium ions, but not magnesium, can substitute for calcium. Because the ionic radii of Ca2+, La3+, and Cd2+ are almost identical, we conclude that Physarum myosin LC-2 possesses a very size-specific binding site for calcium. Physarum myosin LC-1 and the heavy chain give no evidence for binding calcium by this test. Since cytoplasmic streaming in the plasmodium of Physarum requires calcium, our evidence indicates that the calcium-binding property of Physarum myosin LC-2 may be important in regulating the production of force by actomyosin in the ectoplasm. Unexpectedly, the myosin light chain in Physarum capable of binding calcium, LC-2, is the essential light chain, while LC-1 is a member of the regulatory class of myosin light chains [V. T. Nachmias, personal communication]. Until now, essential myosin light chains have not been shown to have high affinity divalent cation binding sites. This means a new version of the myosin-based model for actomyosin regulation by calcium may be required to explain cytoplasmic movement in Physarum, and perhaps in other motile systems involving cytoplasmic myosins as well. PMID- 6216953 TI - Routine oxygen consumption and characteristics of the myotomal muscle in tench: effects of long-term acclimation to hypoxia. AB - Tench (Tinca tinca) were acclimated to either aerated (P02 17.6 KPa) or hypoxic water (P02 1.5 KPa) at 15 degrees C. Fish acclimated to P02 17.6 KPa had a routine oxygen consumption (mls O2/Kg bodyweight/h) of 32.7 in aerated water. Upon acute exposure to Po2 1.5 KPa oxygen consumption decreased to 10.8 and 15.6 in fish acclimated to aerated and hypoxic water, respectively. On the basis of staining for glycogen and for the activities of myofibrillar ATPase and succinic dehydrogenase, three main fibre types can be differentiated in the myotomal muscle. Fibres have been classified as slow, fast aerobic and fast glycolytic. Fast aerobic fibres can be distinguished histochemically by their alkaline-stable Ca2+-activated myofibrillar ATPase activity and their intermediate levels of staining for glycogen and succinic dehydrogenase activity. The patterns of innervation of the fibre types have been investigated by staining neuromuscular endplates and peripheral axons for acetylcholinesterase activity. Motor axons to slow fibres branch extensively giving rise to a number of diffuse endplate formations on the same and adjacent fibres. Fast glycolytic fibres also have a complex pattern of innervation with 8-20 endplates per fibre. A large proportion of the endplates belonged to separate axons. Cross-sectional areas and perimeters of fibres, the number of capillaries/fibre and the lengths of contacts between capillaries and fibres were determined from low-magnification electron micrographs. Acclimation to hypoxia resulted in a decrease in the number of capillaries per fibre for both slow (1.8 to 1.0) and fast (0.8 to 0.2) muscles. The capillary perimeter supplying 1 micrometer 2 of fibre cross-sectional area decreased by 43% and 76% for slow and fast fibres, respectively. PMID- 6216955 TI - The mechanochemical cycle of the dynein arm. AB - A dynein arm attachment cycle produces sliding between adjacent doublet microtubules (N and N + 1) of cilia. In intact axonemes, in the absence of ATP, almost all arms appear attached at both ends (rigor). When ATP is added, most arms detach from doublet N + 1. In ATP and vanadate, the arms do not return to rigor, suggesting that ATP hydrolysis is required for re-extension and reattachment of the dynein arm, but not for detachment. Using solutions containing dynein to decorate dynein-less axonemal doublets, we confirm this interpretation. In the absence of ATP, both sides of each doublet decorate with arms. Addition of ATP, ATP and vanadate or AMP-PNP causes immediate arm detachment, but only in the first instance, where extensive ATP hydrolysis can occur, does decoration eventually reappear. Dynein decorates heterologous axonemal doublets and brain microtubules, as well as homologous doublets, suggesting that this mechanochemical cycle may have general applicability in microtubule-based cell motility. PMID- 6216957 TI - In vitro regulation of immunoglobulin synthesis by T-cell subpopulations defined by a new human T-cell antigen (9.3). PMID- 6216958 TI - Immunoregulatory activity of culture-induced suppressor macrophages. PMID- 6216959 TI - Differential sensitivity to 2'-deoxyguanosine of antigen-specific and nonspecific suppressor T cells in delayed hypersensitivity. PMID- 6216960 TI - [Experience with killed vaccine against tick-borne encephalitis]. PMID- 6216961 TI - [Heterotransplantation of diploid and heteroploid cells into the wall of cheek pouches of hamsters]. PMID- 6216962 TI - [Comparison of the effectiveness of newly introduced cephalosporin antibiotics in vitro]. PMID- 6216963 TI - [Diagnosis of farmer's lung syndrome using the agar-precipitation reaction]. PMID- 6216964 TI - [Radioimmunoanalysis in the detection of viral hepatitis B]. PMID- 6216965 TI - [Obtaining significant material from patients with bacterial inflammations of the lungs--methods of transtracheal puncture and aspiration]. PMID- 6216966 TI - [Some properties of uropathogenic strains of Escherichia coli]. PMID- 6216967 TI - [Chemical stability and corrosion effects of Persteril and Dikonit in solutions with detergents]. PMID- 6216968 TI - [A comparative study of the effects of aminoglycoside antibiotics]. PMID- 6216970 TI - Induction of suppressor T cells by neuraminic acid derivatives. PMID- 6216969 TI - [Treatment of precocious puberty]. PMID- 6216971 TI - [Identification of several adulterants of Ge-Jie]. PMID- 6216973 TI - [Processing methods of Chinese materia medica]. PMID- 6216972 TI - [Imitation of tiger bones--a piece of hind leg bone (pigs and oxen)]. PMID- 6216974 TI - [A preliminary investigation of root-knot nematodes in Momordica grosvenori]. PMID- 6216975 TI - [Poisonous materia medica must be processed by traditional methods]. PMID- 6216976 TI - [Studies on chemical constituents of essential oil of Conioselinum vaginatum]. PMID- 6216977 TI - [Studies on pulverized Corter moutan radicis]. PMID- 6216978 TI - [Studies on sophocarpine in Sophora subprostrata]. PMID- 6216979 TI - [A preliminary report on studies of Boarmia eosaria]. PMID- 6216980 TI - [Studies on the actions of Shiraia bambusicola on the cardiovascular system]. PMID- 6216981 TI - [A preliminary investigation on the anti-irradiation and lymphocyte transforming effect of a "Yang-Yin" mixture]. PMID- 6216982 TI - [Exploration on the compatibility of small preparations of Chinese materia medica]. PMID- 6216983 TI - [Application of polarography in the determination of active constituents of Chinese materia medica]. PMID- 6216984 TI - Shen Nong's Herbal, the earliest extant treatise on Chinese materia medica. PMID- 6216985 TI - [Medicinal plants used for abortion and childbirth in eastern Africa]. PMID- 6216986 TI - [On the histological discrimination of the roots of Chai-Hu]. PMID- 6216987 TI - Medroxyprogesterone acetate (MAP) plasma levels after simultaneous oral and intramuscular administration in cancer patients. AB - After simultaneous administration of medroxyprogesterone acetate (MAP) 1,000 mg PO and 1,000 mg IM to ten cancer patients, we observed mean plasma MAP profiles that could be exactly superimposed on the two absorption/decay curves obtained after administration of single doses IM or PO. Treatment with MAP given simultaneously by the IM and PO routes may be effective in overcoming the drawbacks of both routes, and can also more reliably guarantee plasma levels in the therapeutic range. PMID- 6216988 TI - The reversible activation of inactive renin in human plasma: role of acid and of plasma kallikrein and plasmin. AB - Inactive renin in normal plasma, Factor XII-deficient plasma and prekallikrein deficient plasma was fully activated by dialysis to pH 3.0 for 24 hours at 4 degrees C. This activation was reversed after neutralization and incubation of the plasma at 37 degrees C. The reversible activation-inactivation was not affected by the presence of soya bean trypsin inhibitor. If acidified normal plasma was neutralized and stood at 4 degrees C, plasma kallikrein, but not plasmin, was generated. This rendered the initial acid-activation irreversible. Since no kallikrein was generated in the deficient plasmas, the acid-activation was reversible in these plasmas even after neutralization and standing at 4 degrees C. Thus the apparent activation of inactive renin by kallikrein in acidified, neutralized plasma is not a direct action by the serine protease on inactive renin but a two-stage process in which the inactive renin is first fully activated by acid treatment and the reverse reaction is prevented by plasma kallikrein. PMID- 6216989 TI - Isolation of inactive renin from human plasma and its activation by proteolytic enzymes. AB - A completely inactive renin was isolated from normal human plasma by DEAE Sepharose column chromatography, 70% ammonium sulfate precipitation and Blue Sepharose column chromatography. This preparation had a specific activity of 122 ng ANG I/mg protein/h, when activated by trypsin. The inactive renin had an apparent molecular weight of 54,000 daltons as determined by gel filtration on Ultrogel AcA 44. Homogeneous human kidney renin (2.4 ng/100 micrograms of the inactive renin) activated the inactive renin. Trypsin (2 micrograms), highly purified human plasmin (70 micrograms) and homogeneous human plasma kallikrein (130 micrograms) activated the inactive renin by 100%, by 75% and by 17%, respectively. But highly purified human urinary kallikrein (up to 150 micrograms) did not activate the inactive renin at all. Trypsin-activated renin was a little different from natural plasma active renin with respect to molecular and kinetic properties. When the trypsin-activated renin was treated with human urinary kallikrein, its activity was unchanged, but its molecular weight, Km value, Ki value of pepstatin A and pH profile became identical with those of plasma active renin. On the other hand, renin-activated renin had the same kinetic properties of plasma active renin and human kidney renin, but had the same molecular weight (38,000) as human kidney renin that was smaller than natural plasma active renin (43,000). PMID- 6216990 TI - Catechol-o-methyltransferase activity in erythrocytes in Down's syndrome: family studies. AB - Catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) activity in erythrocytes was measured in six children with Down's syndrome and in their parents to determine if COMT activity is related to a gene on chromosome 21. A gene dosage effect was a possible explanation of the COMT value in three of the children but not in the other three. PMID- 6216991 TI - Decreased levels of T-cells and cells with suppressor T-cell phenotype as defined by specific monoclonal antibodies in patients with atopic dermatitis. PMID- 6216992 TI - Failure of malaria vaccination in mice born to immune mothers. AB - Female BALB/c mice were vaccinated against blood stage P. yoelii (17XL strain), infected 2 weeks later and after recovery mated to normal C57B1/6 males. Control matings were with normal BALB/c females. The (C57B1/6 x BALB/c)F1 progeny were vaccinated at 4, 6, 8 or 10 weeks of age and infected 2 weeks later with lethal P. yoelii. All control mice were fully protected, but in the offspring of immune mothers mortality was 100, 87, 50, and 0% respectively. Mice in which the protective effect of vaccination had been abolished showed greatly reduced specific IgG and delayed hypersensitivity (DH) responses to challenge with parasite antigen. Results indicate that this failure of vaccination is due to the transmission of maternal IgG to the offspring which acts to suppress both priming by the vaccine and the generation of specific T helper cells involved in IgG production, as measured by the response to TNP-P. yoelii. PMID- 6216993 TI - Effects of decomplementation on mercuric chloride-induced glomerulonephritis in Brown-Norway rats. AB - The course of mercuric chloride-induced immune glomerulonephritis is characterized by complement activation, intensive proteinuria, linear and then granular IgG and C3 deposits in the glomeruli. To assess the role of complement activation in the occurrence of the disease, decomplementation was achieved by intravenous injections of cobra venom factor in rats injected with mercuric chloride. In these animals, proteinuria still appeared while rats were decomplemented by cobra venom factor through the alternative pathway. These rats exhibited linear IgG deposits without detectable C3 deposits. In the rats injected with cobra venom factor alone, no proteinuria, no classical pathway complement activation and no renal IgG or C3 deposits were observed. Therefore, in Brown-Norway rats intoxicated with mercuric chloride, proteinuria appears to be at least in part complement independent. PMID- 6216994 TI - T suppressor lymphocytes regulation of adjuvant arthritis in two inbred strains of rats. AB - Adjuvant arthritis can be induced by a single injection of Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA) in the highly susceptible Lewis (LEW) rat strain, but not the resistant Wistar A.G. (WAG) strain. This strain-dependent susceptibility to the disease is correlated with differences in T suppressor cells regulation. In WAG rats, indeed, the in vitro response in LEW alloantigens was highly inhibited 11 days after FCA injection, while LEW rats in vitro response to WAG alloantigens was slightly increased. Furthermore, spleen cells from WAG rats given FCA 4 days before exhibited T cell-mediated active suppression of WAG in vitro response to LEW alloantigens when they were co-cultured with WAG normal spleen cells. This suppression was abolished by removal of T cells on nylon wool column. A previous irradiation of these T cells also inhibited their suppressive effect, suggesting that FCA-induced suppression might be due to soluble suppressor factor(s). On the other hand T cells from FCA treated LEW rats did not produce any modification of LEW in vitro response to WAG alloantigens. This suggests that the severe arthritis induced in LEW rats could be correlated with a defect of their suppressor cells functions, while in WAG rats FCA activated suppressor T cells could control the disease. PMID- 6216995 TI - Proliferation of alloantigen sensitized human peripheral blood lymphocytes by autologous cells associated with the HLA-B8/DR3. PMID- 6216996 TI - Anti-VH antibodies interfere with antigen binding by human T lymphocytes. AB - The effect of antisera against a VH fragment have been investigated in several T cell proliferative assay systems. Anti-VH antisera raised in sheep, rabbits and chicken induced profound inhibition of PPD stimulated lymphoproliferation. Likewise were both mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) and autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction (AMLR) severely hampered while stimulation induced by mitogens was only minimally affected. Specificity testing indicates that the inhibiting antibodies in these experiments are not directed against native immunoglobulin determinants but rather against determinants specific for the VH fragment. These results thus support the notion that T cells express VH antigens and that these antigens are part of or closely associated with the antigen receptor on human T lymphocytes. PMID- 6216997 TI - T lymphocyte subpopulations defined by two sets of monoclonal antibodies in chronic active hepatitis and systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - Lymphocyte subpopulations were enumerated in human peripheral blood using murine monoclonal antibodies with specificity for all peripheral blood T lymphocytes (OKT3, alpha-Leu 1) and for the helper subset (OKT4, alpha Leu 3a) and suppressor/cytotoxic subset (OKT8, alpha Leu 2a). Patients with chronic active hepatitis (CAH) (23) or systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) (10), compared with healthy subjects (20), had a lower mean T lymphocyte count. Patients with CAH had normal numbers of suppressor/cytotoxic (TSC) cells, but fewer helper (TH) cells than healthy subjects (0 . 96 +/- 0 . 11 X 10(9)/1 versus 1 . 45 +/- 0 . 15 X 10(9)/1), and those with SLE also had fewer TH cells (0 . 93 +/- 0 . 11 X 10(9)/1). Patients with CAH receiving azathioprine (n = 8) had significantly fewer TSC cells, and a higher TH/TSC ratio (2 . 69 +/- 0 . 35) than those (n = 15) not on this therapy (1 . 85 +/- 0 . 15). When patients taking azathioprine were excluded, no correlation was found between disease activity and the TH/TSC ratio for either disease. PMID- 6216999 TI - Regulation of the C3 nephritic factor stabilized C3/C5 convertase of complement by purified human erythrocyte C3b receptor. AB - Activation of complement may result in the generation of the amplification convertase C3bBb. This convertase can be stabilized by properdin (P) or C3NeF. C3bBbP is susceptible to inactivation by beta 1H, while C3bBbNeF is relatively resistant. Since it has been shown that the human erythrocyte C3b receptor (CR1) is able to inactivate C3bBbP, the inactivating action of CR1 on C3bBbNeF was investigated CR1 is at least five times more efficient than beta 1H in inactivating C3bBbNeF. Kinetic studies revealed that CR1 induces an enhanced biphasic kinetics of decay of C3bBbNeF; further purification of this C3NeF preparation by cation exchange chromatography showed that this phenomenon is dependent on the population of C3NeF. Finally CR1 is also able to inactivate fluid phase C3bBbNeF. PMID- 6217000 TI - Anti-thyroid drugs and lymphocyte function. I. The in vitro effect on blastogenesis and suppressor cell activity. AB - The in vitro effect of the anti-thyroid drugs (ATD), propylthiouracil (PTU) and methimazole (MMI) on blastogenesis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from healthy subjects was studied in 72 hr PHA stimulated cultures. PTU in therapeutic concentrations (10 micrograms/ml) suppressed blastogenesis only when added at the last 18 hr of culture, while at 100 micrograms/ml significant suppression (25%) was recorded also for PTU present throughout culture. PTU had no cytotoxic effect on Raji cells as tested by 51Cr release assay and 3H thymidine incorporation. Moreover, strong and irreversible suppression (33%) was induced in resting PBMC on 1 hr pre-incubation with PTU. These findings and the fact that suppression was recorded only in cultures exposed to suboptimal concentration of PHA (0.5 micrograms/ml) speak against a direct anti-metabolic effect. MMI in therapeutic concentration (1 microgram/ml) and tri-iodothyronine (T3) in pharmacological concentration (10(-7)M) were much less active. Suppression of blastogenesis by PTU appeared to be mediated through suppressor cell enhancement as indicated by: (a) the augmented blastogenesis following 24 hr pre-incubation, commonly ascribed to suppressor cell depletion, was blunted by pre-incubation with PTU; (b) mixing PTU pre-treated with untreated cells reduced the expected response to PHA and (c) PTU pre-incubated, mitomycin treated cells suppressed blastogenesis of autologous or allogeneic responder cells. PMID- 6216998 TI - Studies on immune adherence (C3b) receptor activity of human erythrocytes: relationship between receptor activity and presence of immune complexes in serum. AB - Human erythrocytes (E) have surface receptors for the third component of complement (C3b-IA receptors) which mediate immune adherence haemagglutination (IAHA). We have observed that E from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus had imparied or defective C3b receptor (C3b-R) activity when circulating immune complexes (CIC) were found in serum. This phenomenon has been investigated by a newly developed method involving competitive inhibition of IAHA in patients with immune complex diseases. IAHA involving sheep E coated with antibody and complement (EAC), and indicator human E was inhibited by lysates of E with normal C3b-R activity from healthy donors and a monkey. In contrast, the lysates of E from 95% of patients bearing CIC did not inhibit IAHA, which indicated such E had defective or impaired C3b-R activity. This phenomenon was supported by control studies in which IAHA was not inhibited by lysates of E with absent, inactivated or occupied C3b-R. In those patients, in whom CIC disappeared during immunosuppressive therapy, C3b-R activity slowly returned to normal levels. Moreover, it was observed that C3b-R activity of patients' E decreased with the reappearance of CIC during exacerbations of disease. These observations suggest that CIC are carried in vivo by the C3b-R of E as well as those of the mononuclear phagocyte system, and that the E C3b-R may also contribute to the clearance of CIC. PMID- 6217001 TI - Anti-thyroid drugs and lymphocyte function. II. The in vivo effect on blastogenesis and suppressor cell activity in Graves' disease. PMID- 6217003 TI - T cell subset alterations in idiopathic glomerulonephritis. PMID- 6217002 TI - Circulating immune complexes in primary biliary cirrhosis: interactions with lymphoid cells. AB - To evaluate the interactions between circulating immune complexes (CIC) and lymphoid cells in primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC), we determined (1) whether antibodies to lymphocytes in PBC serum, independent of CIC, could account for binding in the Raji cell assay for CIC and (2) whether CIC or other humoral factors in PBC serum could interact with lymphoid cells to alter their function. We found that three quarters of CIC positive PBC sera bound specifically to Raji cells via complement receptors, while only one quarter had antibodies to lymphoid cells or Raji cells devoid of complement receptors. We also demonstrated factors which inhibited cell-mediated cytotoxicity and suppressor cell activity in PBC sera; however, we found no correlation between the level and presence of CIC or of lymphocyte antibodies and the level or presence of these serum inhibitory factors. Thus, although the detection of CIC in PBC is not artifactual, the contribution of CIC and other serum factors to the other immunological aberrations in PBC remains to be elucidated. PMID- 6217004 TI - Increase of IgA specific helper T alpha cells in patients with IgA nephropathy. AB - Patients with IgA nephropathy show an emergence of IgA dominant circulating immune complexes (CIC) as well as increased levels of serum IgA and/or IgA bearing peripheral blood lymphocytes. In order to elucidate immunological aberrations responsible for the increased IgA synthesis in such patients, quantitative and qualitative analysis was performed on T alpha cells which have been recently identified as possessing IgA specific helper activity on human B cells. Three different methods were employed to quantitate T alpha cells. These methods included a rosette formation of T cells with either bovine red cells coated with the IgA fraction of anti-bovine red cell antiserum or those coated with TNP and anti-TNP IgA antibody, and an analysis of T cells combined with fluorescein conjugated human IgA myeloma protein. T alpha cells were sorted by a fluorescence activated cell sorter and co-cultured with a B cell rich fraction to evaluate whether there is a qualitative difference in IgA specific helper activity between patients and healthy adults. T alpha cells were significantly increased in patients with IgA nephropathy while there were no significant changes in patients with chronic proliferative glomerulonephritis without mesangial deposition of IgA. There was no qualitative difference in IgA specific helper activity of T alpha cells between patients and healthy adults. It is suggested that increased levels of T alpha cells in patients with IgA nephropathy may be responsible for increased synthesis of IgA in such patients. PMID- 6217005 TI - Quantitative and functional deficit of suppressor T cells in children with atopic eczema. AB - Helper (OKT4+) and suppressor (OKT8+) T cells were enumerated in 16 children with severe atopic eczema. Compared to controls (median 1 . 8) the ratio of OKT4+/OKT8+ cells in the patients was significantly higher (median 2 . 65, P less than 0 . 002). Functional suppressor activity in these patients was assessed by concanavalin A (Con A) activation and suppression of pokeweed mitogen (PWM) induced immunoglobulin production by plasma cells and Con A proliferation of T cells. In both assays a lack of suppression was shown (Con A/PWM, P less than 0 . 02; Con A/Con A, P less than 0 . 05). There was a significant inverse correlation between the helper/suppressor ratio and functional suppressor activity (P less than 0 . 01). These results indicate that a defect of T cell regulation does exist in atopic eczema and if it is of primary pathogenic importance, immunotherapy to restore the balance may prove useful. PMID- 6217007 TI - Murine T cell subsets and interleukins: relationships between cytotoxic T cells, helper T cells and accessory cells. PMID- 6217006 TI - Correction of a suppressor cell deficiency in four patients with familial Mediterranean fever by in vitro or in vivo colchicine. PMID- 6217008 TI - Receptors for immunoglobulins and activation markers on human T lymphocytes. PMID- 6217009 TI - Antigen-specific helper and suppressor T cell factors in man. PMID- 6217010 TI - Cyclosporin A: a selective anti-T cell agent. PMID- 6217011 TI - Significance of echocardiographic left atrial enlargement in aortic stenosis. AB - This study investigated the significance of echocardiographic left atrial enlargement as measured by the left atrial dimension corrected for body surface area in 24 patients with pure aortic stenosis established by cardiac catheterization. Echocardiographic evidence of left atrial enlargement occurred in 11 of 15 patients (73%) with an aortic valve area below 0.8 cm2 and in none of nine patients (0%) with an aortic valve area above 0.8 cm2, p less than 0.0025. All 11 patients (100%) with an enlarged left atrial dimension had an increased diastolic left ventricular dimension, whereas 1 of 13 patients (8%) with a normal left atrial dimension had an increased diastolic left ventricular dimension, p less than 0.00001. The 11 patients (100%) with an enlarged left atrial dimension had increased posterior left ventricular wall thickness, whereas 2 of 13 patients (13%) with a normal left atrial dimension had increased posterior left ventricular wall thickness (p less than 0.0005). These data lead one to conclude that in patients with pure aortic stenosis, echocardiographic evidence of left atrial enlargement as measured by an increased left atrial dimension corrected for body surface area should lead one to suspect severe aortic stenosis. PMID- 6217012 TI - Left ventricular function in asymptomatic patients with severe aortic regurgitation: relation to clinical parameters and exercise performance. PMID- 6217013 TI - Cardiovascular function in patients with progressive systemic sclerosis (scleroderma). AB - Sixteen patients with progressive systemic sclerosis (PSS), including 3 with the "CREST" (calcinosis, Raynaud's, esophageal dysfunction, sclerodactyly, and/or telangiectasias) variant, were evaluated with resting M-mode echocardiography and noninvasive measurements of cardiac output at rest and during submaximal exercise to determine the nature and extent of any cardiovascular impairment. No patient had arterial hypertension, significant renal impairment, clinical evidence of large vessel coronary artery disease, or severe pulmonary dysfunction. The duration of disease was 1 to 12 years (9 to 30 for patients with the CREST variant). Echocardiographic abnormalities included increased right ventricular dimension (3 patients), reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (3 patients), and pericardial effusion (3 patients). Cardiac index (CI) and stroke volume index (SVI) at rest were similar for patients and controls. Patients and controls were exercised to similar heart rates (130 +/- 3 vs 124 +/- 4; p, NS). Total peripheral resistance (TPR) was higher for patients (1123 +/- 81 vs 810 +/- 44 dyn X s X cm-5) and their mean SVI failed to increase significantly compared with sitting rest values (30 +/- 2 vs 35 +/- 3 ml/m2). The control subjects had the expected increase in SVI (36 +/- 2 vs 51 +/- 5; p less than 0.01). Ten patients with an abnormal hemodynamic response to exercise had a normal echocardiographic circumferential fiber shortening (VCF) or ejection fraction (EF) at rest. The data indicate that PSS patients have a greater degree of cardiovascular dysfunction than would be predicted from clinical data and laboratory evaluation of cardiovascular and pulmonary function at rest. Multiple mechanisms, including right and left ventricular dysfunction and abnormal vasoconstrictor activity, are likely to contribute to the reduction in exercise capacity seen in patients with PSS. PMID- 6217014 TI - Acquired nonsurgical complete atrioventricular block in a child with endocardial cushion defect. PMID- 6217015 TI - Pulmonary tumor-embolism from intravascular osteosarcoma demonstrated by bone scintigraphy. PMID- 6217017 TI - Policies regarding health and social care of mothers and children in the United States. PMID- 6217016 TI - Operative treatment in head injury. AB - Improved outcome will result only from improvement in the total care of the head injured patient. Each aspect of care is dependent on the other: rescue services; aggressive emergency evaluation and resuscitation; monitoring of the patient's physical, chemical, and neurological status; CT scanning; and intensive medical therapy and early rapid surgical decompression. The injured brain is particularly prone to further secondary insults. Intracranial mass lesions must be removed quickly and thoroughly; the brain should be handled in a careful and gentle fashion intraoperatively, and medical complications should be prevented. Dysfunctional cells in a marginal state can only be expected to return to normal with the proper management and environment. PMID- 6217018 TI - Mezlocillin kinetics in hepatic insufficiency. AB - To establish elimination kinetics of mezlocillin in patients with hepatic insufficiency, we gave eight normal subjects and four patients with hepatic insufficiency and normal renal function a single 3-gm dose of mezlocillin by intravenous infusion. Subjects with hepatic insufficiency all had serum bilirubins levels of above 3 mg/dl, prothrombin times more than 2 sec longer than control, and creatinine clearances above 60 ml/min. Mezlocillin concentrations were determined by microbiologic assay. Kinetic analysis was by model-independent methods. Elimination half-life was 0.96 hr for subjects with normal liver function and 2.62 hr for patients with hepatic insufficiency. Mean total body clearance for normal subjects was 247 ml/min, while in patients with hepatic insufficiency it was 125.4 ml/min. We conclude that hepatic insufficiency prolongs mezlocillin elimination and suggest that therapeutic guidelines be set up. PMID- 6217019 TI - Complementary role of CT and ultrasonography in the diagnosis of desmoid tumor of abdominal wall. PMID- 6217020 TI - Occupational contact dermatitis among rubber workers. AB - The occurrence of occupational contact dermatitis among workers in a rubber factory from 1976 to 1980 was studied. Insurance compensation was paid to 50 workers with dermatitis. 21 of the cases were allergic and 27 toxic contact dermatitis, giving a contact dermatitis frequency of 5.6/1000 workers. Paraphenylenediamine compounds were the main cause of allergic contact dermatitis and solvents the main cause of toxic contact dermatitis. PMID- 6217021 TI - Photocontact dermatitis to cobalt salts. AB - 4 patients with chronic photocontact dermatitis were sensitive to cobalt salts. They presented as cases of contact dermatitis from cement or pig fodder with persistent lesions on exposed areas. Only 2 of them had standard patch test positive reactions to chromate and cobalt, but all showed positive photo-patch tests to cobalt. Photo-oxidation tests proved that cobalt salts are photosensitizing. Exposure to cobalt salts was responsible for the patients' chronic actinic dermatitis. PMID- 6217022 TI - Assessment of skin irritancy in man by laser Doppler flowmetry. AB - It is desirable to use more objective methods than visual scoring for the assessment of skin irritancy reactions. In the present study the blood flow in skin sites exposed to sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) was recorded by a laser Doppler flowmeter. The irritant was applied to the volar forearm of healthy volunteers in concentrations ranging from 0.001% to 5% under occlusion for 24 h. The test sites were scored visually and the blood flow was recorded at 3 different times: 26 h, 48 h and 72 h after the application of SLS. Approximately 950 recordings were performed and a clear relationship was observed between the applied doses of SLS, the recorded blood flow values and the corresponding scores. In a few cases a deviation from the general trend was observed, implying that the naked eye might be unreliable for the assessment of skin irritancy reactions. PMID- 6217023 TI - Nickel allergy in hairdressers. PMID- 6217024 TI - Occupational contact sensitivity from sainpaulia ionantha. PMID- 6217025 TI - Allergic contact dermatitis to sorbitan monooleate (Span 80). PMID- 6217026 TI - Allergic contact dermatitis to chloridazon. PMID- 6217027 TI - Contact allergy to clindamycin. PMID- 6217029 TI - Capillary system of rat myocardium in experimental hypertrophy and physical exercise. AB - The authors investigated in 90 albino rats, by means of a new non-injection method, the morpho-functional state of the capillary system in various parts of the myocardium in a normal state, in hypertrophy of varying degree and during physical exercise. It was found that the density, the surface are (CSA) and the capacity of the capillary bed of the right ventricle are larger than in the left ventricle. The increase in capillary blood supply in a hypertrophic myocardium occurs in parallel with the development of the hypertrophy and at rest fully corresponds to the increased myocardial mass. However, at maximal physical load the capillary segment of blood supply to the myocardium functions insufficiently, which is evidenced by a decrease in the working capacity of the experimental animals. PMID- 6217028 TI - Two oral contraceptives, efficacy, serum proteins, and lipid metabolism. A comparative multicentre study on a triphasic and a fixed dose combination. AB - A triphasic, combined oral contraceptive containing 30 - 40 - 30 micrograms ethinyloestradiol (EE), and 50 - 75 - 125 micrograms levonorgestrel was compared with a fixed dose combination containing 30 micrograms EE and 150 micrograms desogestrel in a randomized multicentre trial in 193/199 women and 1 063/1 073 cycles, respectively. The duration of the trial was six months. Eleven centres in Denmark, Sweden, and Norway participated. Contraceptive reliability, bleeding control and side effects were evaluated. Influence on serum sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) and transcortin was assayed as well as lipid metabolism. Three pregnancies occurred in the group using the triphasic regimen but none in the fixed dose regimen. Two of the three pregnancies were considered drug failures and the third a possible interaction. Possible reasons for the triphasic contraceptive failure are discussed with special reference to a British report on eight pregnancies. Bleeding control appeared to be equally good for the two preparations. However, the number of cycles with spotting, breakthrough bleeding and missed withdrawal bleeding were above the levels reported earlier on the triphasic regimen. About 80 per cent of the women completed the planned six months on either combination. Side effects were generally mild and in accordance with earlier reports on low dose oral contraceptives. Metabolically the triphasic levonorgestrel combination increased SHBG 100 per cent versus 200 per cent for the fixed desogestrel combination. Transcortin rose about 98 and 110 per cent, respectively. Both preparations induced similar changes in the levels of lipids and lipoproteins with the exception of a significant increase in the arachidonic content of cholesterol during treatment with the desogestrel-containing preparation. PMID- 6217030 TI - Computed tomography of prosthetic arterial graft complications. PMID- 6217031 TI - Lichen ruber planus beginning as a dyshidrosiform eruption. PMID- 6217032 TI - [A set for performing dental procedures by the bedside]. PMID- 6217033 TI - Radionuclide imaging in diseases of the chest (Part 1). PMID- 6217034 TI - Dimensional correlates of left ventricular dilation in the presence of hypertrophy. AB - Twelve normal subjects, 50 patients with valvular heart disease, and 14 with hypertension were studied. Those with valvular disease were divided into two groups: 28 with angiographically measured ejection fractions greater than or equal to 0.6 and 22 with ejection fractions less than 0.6. The echocardiographically measured ventricular thickness divided by radius ratio (t/r) was approximately proportional to peak systolic pressure (P) in all groups having ejection fractions greater than or equal to 0.6, so that the t/r divided by P ratios were nearly the same. Patients with ejection fractions less than 0.6 had significantly lower t/r divided by P values. No single component of the t/r divided by P ratio would identify the patients with lower ejection fractions. The t/r divided by P ratios in 14 hypertensive patients were nearly identical to the ratios in six patients with aortic stenosis and ejection fractions greater than or equal to 0.6, indicating that an aortic valve gradient does not cause a grossly abnormal form of pressure hypertrophy. The t/r ratio is thus a double sensitive, noninvasive index of dilation when correlated with systolic pressure. PMID- 6217035 TI - [Conservative treatment of severe osteoarthritis of the knee and hip joints with long-term injections of arteparon]. PMID- 6217036 TI - [Effect of surgical trauma of the skeletal system on urinary mucopolysaccharides in children]. PMID- 6217038 TI - [Diagnostic value of guide wire biopsy in connection with selective bronchography for lung cancer]. PMID- 6217037 TI - Dense bodies in silver-stained spermatocytes of the Chinese hamster: behavior and cytochemical nature. AB - From the silver staining behavior of various organelles in the nucleus we have divided meiotic prophase (leptotene to the diffuse stage) of the male Chinese hamster into five stages. Components within the nucleus, such as synaptonemal complex (SC), sex bivalent (SB), nucleolus organizer regions (NORs), chromatin and the dense bodies, showed a characteristic feature in each stage of meiotic prophase. The lampbrush chromosome stage was found to be followed by the diffuse stage. The chromatin around SC began to be organized at early pachytene and formed a brush-like structure at late pachytene. During early prophase stages a dramatic change in SB morphology occurred. Three types of morphology of SB were recognized: (1) the XY pair with long synapsis and fusiform or diffuse thickening of the unpaired portions (late zygotene and early pachytene), (2) desynapsed, branched, and anastomosed axes seen at late pachytene. Two types of the dense body were found during meiotic prophase; the double body in early stage (leptotene to early pachytene) and the single body in later stages (mid pachytene to diffuse stage). The small precursors of the double body existed at early leptotene but they increased in size and also changed the silver stainability during zygotene, becoming the characteristic double body consisted of one light body (L-body) and one dark body (D-body). These two bodies can also be recognized after Giemsa or acridine orange (AO) staining. The L-body fluoresced reddish orange after AO staining. The single body, which is probably formed by amalgamation of the D- and the L-bodies, showed a staining reaction similar to that of the D-body. Data from pancreatic lipase and protease treatments suggest that the D-body contained a lipoprotein. PMID- 6217039 TI - [Therapeutic transcatheter embolization (a case report on renal artery embolization)]. PMID- 6217040 TI - [Evaluation of roentgenography and multi-element cross-sectional ultrasonography in diagnosis of Marfan's syndrome]. PMID- 6217041 TI - [Marfan's syndrome]. PMID- 6217042 TI - [Maffucci's syndrome (report of 5 cases)]. PMID- 6217043 TI - [Progressive diaphyseal dysplasia (report of 4 cases)]. PMID- 6217044 TI - [X-ray diagnosis for infantile Kashin's disease]. PMID- 6217045 TI - [Pigmented villonodular synovitis]. PMID- 6217046 TI - [Ventriculography with a water soluble contrast medium in the diagnosis of posterior fossa space-occupying lesions]. PMID- 6217047 TI - [Vertebral angiography in localization of lesions]. PMID- 6217048 TI - [Clinical and radiologic analysis of 145 cases of occlusion of the circulus arteriosus of Willis]. PMID- 6217049 TI - [Roentgenographic diagnosis of rupture of aneurysm of the aortic sinus]. PMID- 6217050 TI - [Early X-ray diagnosis of bronchogenic carcinoma]. PMID- 6217051 TI - [Roentgenological analysis of smooth muscle tumors of the stomach]. PMID- 6217052 TI - [Comparative studies of radiologic and pathologic findings of pyloric antritis]. PMID- 6217053 TI - [Pseudolymphoma of the gastrointestinal tract (report of 6 cases)]. PMID- 6217055 TI - [External irradiation and intracavitary dose measurement for esophageal cancer]. PMID- 6217056 TI - [Further studies in the radiation fields for gastric carcinoma]. PMID- 6217054 TI - [Intestinal fistula (report of 74 cases)]. PMID- 6217057 TI - [Comparison of peritoneoscopic and imaging diagnosis in liver diseases]. PMID- 6217058 TI - Two color light scattering identifies physical differences between lymphocyte subpopulations. AB - Forward angle light scattering of two different wavelengths by cells in a flow cytometer was used to investigate physical differences between lymphocytes of different lineage, functional subclass and developmental stage. Correlation of the ultraviolet (UV: 351 nm and 364 nm) and 488 nm light scattering signals produced by lymphoid cells demonstrated that the two signals were not equivalent and that they placed different emphasis on the physical parameters characterizing lymphocytes. Both small T and B lymphocytes from peripheral lymphoid tissues and mitogenically activated large T and B lymphocyte blasts were discriminated by both wavelengths. Differences between the Lyt-2 negative and Lyt-2 positive T lymphocyte subsets were also apparent. Two color light scattering could also discriminate between immature thymocytes and mature peripheral T cells and between small bone marrow cells and mature peripheral B cells. In bone marrow an increase in UV light scattering coincided with the appearance of cell surface immunoglobulin on small cells. These data establish that two color light scattering is a sensitive probe for distinguishing cells of apparently similar morphology and that it can be used to study the physical changes that occur during lymphoid cell differentiation. PMID- 6217059 TI - Zimelidine: a new antidepressive. PMID- 6217060 TI - [Importance of echocardiography for the assessment of left-ventricular function and cardiac complications in dilative cardiomyopathy]. AB - One- and two-dimensional echocardiographic findings in 17 patients with dilated cardiomyopathy were compared with haemodynamic and angiographic results of cardiac catheterization. In a further 52 unselected patients with dilated cardiomyopathy, who had been seen as out- or in-patients over a period of two years, the frequency of intracardiac thrombi was investigated echocardiographically. A significant correlation (r = 0.66 and r = 0.68) was found between echocardiographically determined left-ventricular end-diastolic and end-systolic volumes on the one hand and volumes determined angiographically on the other. However, ventricular volumes were clearly underestimated by echocardiography. In contrast, both methods showed good agreement for the magnitude of the ejection fraction (r = 0.79). The aortic valve opening surface estimated with one-dimensional echocardiography correlated with left-ventricular ejection volume (r = 0.93). Thrombi were demonstrated in 7 out of 52 patients: 5 were located in the left, one in the right and a further one in the central pulmonary vascular system. Considering the aforementioned limitations, echocardiography is a useful method for evaluation of left-ventricular function and for demonstration of intracardiac thrombi in dilated cardiomyopathy. PMID- 6217061 TI - Reproductive behaviour and attitudes of African mothers following birth of a Down's syndrome child. PMID- 6217062 TI - [Changes in the enzyme activity of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, glycolysis and transamination in the papillary muscle of rats with myocardial hypertrophy]. PMID- 6217063 TI - The thyroid hormone effects on growth and development may be mediated by growth factors. AB - Thyroid hormones modulate energy metabolism and importantly influence growth and development. These effects are independently mediated. Thyroid calorigenesis is influenced predominantly via nuclear receptor mediated synthesis of mitochondrial respiratory assemblies and cell membrane sodium potassium ATPase. Accumulating evidence suggests that many of the thyroid hormone effects on development are mediated via growth factors, including somatomedins (SM), erythropoietin (EP), nerve growth factor (NGF) and epidermal growth factor (EGF). Thyroid hormone binding to nuclear receptors is known to stimulate growth hormone (GH) synthesis, and thyroid hormones probably potentiate GH stimulation of SM production as well as the anabolic effects of SM. The production of EP, NGF and EGF also are thyroid hormone responsive, and it seems likely that these growth factors mediate the thyroid hormone effects on erythrocyte production, autonomic and perhaps central nervous system maturation, and epidermal development, respectively. PMID- 6217064 TI - Stimulation of ribonucleic acid polymerase activity in mouse kidney. PMID- 6217065 TI - Flavobacterium meningosepticum ventriculitis: in vivo and in vitro results with the combinations rifampicin-erythromycin and mezlocillin-cefoxitin. AB - A case of Flavobacterium meningosepticum ventriculitis is described in which the failure of therapy with a combination of rifampicin and erythromycin is attributed to inadequate antibiotic levels in cerebrospinal fluid. The successful eradication of the organism was achieved with the use of mezlocillin and cefoxitin given by the intravenous and intraventricular route. In vitro sensitivity tests of recently isolated strains of Flavobacterium meningosepticum suggested that the combination mezlocillin and cefoxitin is more often synergistic than rifampicin and erythromycin. PMID- 6217066 TI - Comparative synergistic activity of netilmicin-piperacillin versus gentamicin piperacillin. AB - The synergistic action of the combination netilmicin-piperacillin in comparison to gentamicin-piperacillin was studied in 206 clinical isolates of staphylococci, enterococci, Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa by means of the checkerboard technique. Overall, netilmicin-piperacillin acted synergistically against 31% and gentamicin-piperacillin against 14% of the 206 strains. In particular, synergism was more frequently observed with netilmicin-piperacillin against Escherichia coli, Citrobacter spp., indole-positive Proteus spp. and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Synergy was uncommon with either combination against enterococci, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Serratia spp. Only partial synergy or indifference was seen with both combinations against Klebsiella spp. The interaction of netilmicin would appear to be superior to that of gentamicin in combination with piperacillin. PMID- 6217067 TI - Interaction of mezlocillin and cefoxitin against Proteus morganii in the granuloma pouch model. AB - The interaction of cefoxitin and mezlocillin was studied in rats using the granuloma pouch technique. Proteus morganii strains against which cefoxitin and penicillins exhibited antagonistic antibacterial activity were selected for infection of the pouches. Animals were treated with cefoxitin and/or mezlocillin, and bacterial counts, drug levels and beta-lactamase production in the pouch exudate monitored. A significant decrease in bacterial counts was seen after administration of mezlocillin and cefoxitin in combination but not after the drugs administered alone. Drug concentrations of mezlocillin and/or cefoxitin corresponded directly to the rate of induction of beta-lactamase activity. Although both beta-lactam antibiotics induce beta-lactamase activity, administered in combination in vivo they appear to protect each other from being inactivated thus resulting in synergistic antibacterial activity. PMID- 6217068 TI - Disulfide bridges in tropomyosin. Effect on ATPase activity of actomyosin. PMID- 6217069 TI - Purification and properties of the coupling-factor ATPases F1 from Rhodopseudomonas palustris and Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides. AB - The coupling-factor ATPases from photosynthetically grown Rhodopseudomonas palustris and Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides were purified by the same procedure to homogeneity. Gel chromatography on Sephacryl S-300 Superfine shortened the process of purification and improved its yield. Solubilization of the ATPase from both bacteria was found to be dependent on a specific sonication treatment of the cell suspensions, indicating a very weakly bound F1-ATPase in R. palustris. Depleted chromatophores could be restored in photophosphorylation and membrane bound ATPase activities by adding the solubilized ATPase protein. The purified enzymes did not show a markedly trypsin-stimulated or dithiothreitol-stimulated activity. Isoelectric focusing and chromatofocusing revealed isoelectric points of 5.0 for both F1-ATPases. The molecular weights were determined by gel chromatography plus high-performance liquid chromatography. Hence, we calculated a molecular weight of 350000 for both F1-ATPases. Sodium dodecylsulfate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed five subunits for both enzymes. Kinetic parameters, regarding substrate specificity, the effect of divalent cations, Km and Ki values for the membrane-bound and solubilized ATPases were determined. PMID- 6217070 TI - Excision of apurinic sites from DNA with enzymes isolated from rat-liver chromatin. AB - Apurinic sites were excised from phi X174 RF DNA with two enzymes isolated from rat liver chromatin: an apurinic/apyrimidinic endodeoxyribonuclease and a 5'-3' exonuclease; the resulting gap was filled with DNA polymerase beta also prepared from rat liver chromatin and the repair was fully terminated with T4 ligase. PMID- 6217072 TI - Bone scintigraphic findings related to unilateral mastectomy. PMID- 6217071 TI - Scintigraphic evaluation of pulmonary embolism after total hip replacement, using a dry 99mTc-microaerosol for regional ventilation. AB - A new 99mTc-microaerosol was used for ventilation scintigraphy in combination with perfusion scintigraphy for studying the incidence of pulmonary embolism (PE) from 189 consecutive investigations in patients undergoing total hip replacement. Diagnostic criteria are presented. Perfusion defects of triangular shape were significantly more frequent in combination with ventilation mismatch (PE) than with ventilation match (not PE) (P less than 0.001). Reevaluation of the scintigrams more than 2 months later gave identical results in more than 90% of patients and as regards the diagnosis of PE, in 93%. Attacks of sudden chest pain were more frequent in patients with pulmonary embolism (P less than 0.01), but measurement of arterial blood gases did not discriminate between patients with and without PE. The 99mTc-microaerosol provides a high resolution and images that are directly comparable to perfusion studies using the same, easily available isotope. In many aspects this new microaerosol seems to be superior to previously described radioaerosols and to 133Xe for ventilation studies. PMID- 6217073 TI - The value of bone imaging in multiple myeloma. PMID- 6217074 TI - Diphosphonate bone scanning agents--current concepts. AB - The bone scan is generally recognized to be an extremely powerful investigational tool in the evaluation of patients with skeletal disease. Currently 99mTc methylene diphosphonate is the most widely used bone scanning agent, but recently several new diphosphonate compounds have been introduced which appear to have relatively higher skeletal affinity, leading to greater absolute uptake of tracer by bone. While the resulting improved contrast between bone and background soft tissue may provide more pleasing scan images, it is not clear that increased bone uptake of tracer is equally desirable for identification of disease. Nevertheless, to date, no significant difference in lesion detection has been found in any comparative study of diphosphonate compounds. In this review the clinical studies evaluating diphosphonate bone scanning agents are summarized and the properties required of an ideal bone scanning agent in both benign and malignant disease discussed. PMID- 6217075 TI - Transient splenic uptake of 99mTc-MDP associated with haemolysis. PMID- 6217077 TI - Applications of microcomputer technology to special education. PMID- 6217076 TI - Reversed abnormal ventilation-perfusion scintigraphy in endobronchial squamous cell carcinoma. PMID- 6217078 TI - Microcomputer software for the handicapped: development and evaluation. PMID- 6217079 TI - Applications of microcomputers in the education of the physically disabled child. PMID- 6217080 TI - Making the world work with microcomputers: a learning prosthesis for handicapped infants. PMID- 6217081 TI - Surface markers of cloned human T cells with helper or suppressor activity on pokeweed mitogen-driven B cell differentiation. AB - Human spleen T cells stimulated with pokeweed mitogen (PWM) were cloned under limiting conditions in microculture systems using interleukin 2 and irradiated autologous cells. Clones were screened for helper or suppressor activity on PWM dependent B cell differentiation by adding cell aliquots to either isolated B cells and PWM or to mixtures of T and B cells and PWM. Out of 97 clones tested, 14 promoted intense B cell differentiation, as assessed by measurements of secreted IgG, and 6 strongly inhibited B cell maturation induced by spleen T cells. All the selected clones maintained their original activity after short term clonal expansion; in addition, a similar (helper or suppressor) effect was detected when the total number of plasma cells per well was evaluated. Suppressor clones had no cytolytic activity on autologous T and B cell blasts, K562 cells or antibody-coated L 1210 mouse cells. Nine helper and 6 suppressor clones were analyzed for a battery of surface markers. All the clones were E rosette-positive and expressed HLA-DR (Ia) antigens. Fcmu receptor was present on a single helper clone, whereas Fc gamma receptor was expressed on a suppressor clone only. All but two clones expressed the OKT4+/ OKT8-, a single suppressor clone was OKT8+/OKT4-, whereas coexpression of OKT4 and OKT8 antigens was detected in one helper clone. Thus, the claim that helper T cells are OKT4+/OKT8- and suppressor T cells are OKT4-/OKT8+ is not supported by the analysis of their phenotype at the clonal level. PMID- 6217082 TI - Regulation of synthesis of ribosomal protein in Neurospora crassa. PMID- 6217083 TI - Particulate phosphofructokinase of yeast: physiological studies. PMID- 6217084 TI - Activation of complement via the alternative pathway. AB - Activation of complement via the alternative pathway represents one means of natural resistance to infection because it is capable of neutralizing a wide variety of potential pathogens in the total absence of antibody. The pathway involves six serum proteins and possesses a unique amplification system capable of depositing large numbers of C3b molecules on the surfaces of activating particles. C3b deposition enhances phagocytosis and results in activation of the membrane attack pathway of complement. C3b attachment is covalent, arising from a reaction between an intramolecular thiolester bond in nascent C3b and nucleophiles such as hydroxyl groups on surface carbohydrates. The reactions that initiate C3b attachment are not specific interactions like those initiating other biological cascade systems, but involve slow, spontaneous hydrolysis of the thiolester bond in C3 and subsequent random deposition of C3b onto all nearby surfaces. Once bound, C3b is capable of discriminating between host-derived cells and activating particles. Recognition is evidenced by a lower affinity between activator-bound C3b and the complement control protein factor H. Measurements of the association constant between unbound, soluble C3b and factor H suggest that activator-bound C3b recognizes structures on activators that inhibit factor H binding. PMID- 6217085 TI - Chemical energy usage and myosin light chain phosphorylation in mammalian smooth muscle. AB - Experiments have been done to determine the relationships among active force output, average rate of high-energy phosphate utilization, and the degree of phosphorylation of the 20,000-dalton myosin light chain in the rabbit tenia coli at 18 C. During an isometric tetanus at l0 the degree of light chain phosphorylation increases to a maximum of 30-40% before maximum force is developed, and then phosphorylation slowly decreases while active force is maintained. During the period when there is a small decrease in degree of phosphorylation, the average rate of chemical energy usage falls by fourfold. In contrast, when the calcium concentration of the bathing medium is lowered from 1.9 to 1.0 mM a very large decrease in degree of phosphorylation is associated with only a small decrease in both energy usage and active force. At lower calcium levels both force and chemical energy usage decrease proportionately with little further decrease in degree of phosphorylation. We conclude that under isometric conditions there is no consistent relationship between degree of myosin light chain phosphorylation and the rate of cross-bridge cycling as measured by the rate of high-energy phosphate usage in this mammalian smooth muscle. PMID- 6217086 TI - Hysteroscopic findings in 100 women requesting reversal of a previously performed voluntary tubal sterilization. PMID- 6217087 TI - Unsuspected chronic pelvic inflammatory disease in the infertile female. AB - Diagnostic laparoscopy performed during an infertility evaluation identified 80 patients with hydrosalpinges (12% of all laparoscopic examinations performed for infertility). Despite these findings, only 20 (25%) of these patients reported a prior episode of acute pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), and only 18 (22.5%) had complaints of pelvic pain. Compared with a matched group of infertility patients with no endoscopic evidence of prior pelvic infection, those patients with hydrosalpinges were more likely to have used an intrauterine device and were less likely to have used an oral contraceptive. Since "silent" PID is a potential cause of infertility, endoscopic visualization of the female reproductive organs should be considered during the infertility evaluation. Moreover, in view of its insidious nature, the diagnosis of PID should be considered in a young sexually active patient with gynecologic complaints. PMID- 6217088 TI - Predictive value analysis of measurements of human chorionic gonadotropin, pregnancy specific beta 1-glycoprotein, placental lactogen, and cystine aminopeptidase for the diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy. AB - The diagnostic utility of serum and urinary human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) measurements and serum measurements of pregnancy-specific beta 1-glycoprotein (PSBG), placental lactogen, and cystine aminopeptidase (CAP) was prospectively studied in 51 consecutive patients with suspected ectopic pregnancy who underwent laparoscopy or laparotomy. CAP was not detected in the sera of any patient with ectopic pregnancy. False-positive results in each assay were found in patients with intrauterine pregnancy or missed abortion. The overall efficiency of the tests were: urine hCG slide test, 47%; urine hCG tube test, 80%; serum hCG, 86%; serum PSBG, 82%; and human placental lactogen, 60%. Although measurement of serum hCG by radioimmunoassay is the most accurate biochemical test in predicting the correct diagnosis in patients with suspected ectopic pregnancy, the relatively high efficiency of the urinary hCG tube test, coupled with its ease of performance, low cost, and rapid turnaround time, makes it the most practical screening test. PMID- 6217089 TI - [Specialization of neuromuscular units of frog intrafusal muscle spindle]. PMID- 6217090 TI - [Role of central and peripheral serotoninergic mechanisms]. AB - In male Wistar rats overheated by an infrared lamp, intraperitoneal serotonin administration led to a more rapid overheating than in control, the effect of serotonin being dose-dependent and reduced after i.p. administration of cyproheptadine. Stimulation of the brain serotonin receptors did not affect the development of hyperthermia, whereas the blockade of brain serotonin receptors by intraventricular injections of cyproheptadine or the depletion of brain serotonin by p-chlorophenylalanine resulted in significantly more obvious hyperthermia than in control. PMID- 6217091 TI - [Minor oral surgery in the handicapped child]. PMID- 6217092 TI - A management perspective in the treatment of hemophilia. PMID- 6217093 TI - [Acetylsalicylic acid--additive intolerance phenomenon in chronic recurring urticaria]. PMID- 6217094 TI - [Immune complexes in progressive scleroderma]. PMID- 6217095 TI - A decrease in scale surface lipids due to amphoteric emulsifiers. PMID- 6217096 TI - [Treponema pallidum antigen and antibodies after therapy in persistent serum immune complexes]. PMID- 6217097 TI - Dental care in the geriatric hospital. PMID- 6217098 TI - Dental health education in an adult handicapped centre. PMID- 6217099 TI - Inhibition of in vitro lymphocyte response by streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat serum. A function of very-low-density lipoproteins. PMID- 6217100 TI - A controlled clinical trial of nicotinohydroxamic acid and neomycin in advanced chronic liver disease. PMID- 6217101 TI - Improvement of the cardiac function after electrical cardioversion of atrial fibrillation. Echocardiographic study in patients with and without mitral stenosis. AB - The improvement of the cardiac function after electrical cardioversion of atrial fibrillation has been studied by echocardiography by few authors and only in patients without mitral stenosis. Moreover, discordant results have been obtained. We have studied nine patients with mitral valve disease as well as nine other patients with ischemic heart disease. Both groups were cardioverted within five days of onset of atrial fibrillation, and appropriate echocardiographic measurements were made one hour before and two hours after cardioversion. We found a significant decrease of left atrial diameter in both groups, as well as a significant increase of the end-diastolic diameter and volume of left ventricle and an improvement of the cardiac index. These changes were significantly more pronounced in patients with mitral valve disease and they appear in accordance with the improvement of the cardiac function demonstrated with invasive hemodynamic studies after cardioversion to sinus rhythm. In the group of patients with mitral valve disease and a very dilated left atrium (more than 6 cm. of diameter) atrial fibrillation recurred within the next twelve months. In spite of the limitations of M-mode approach for calculating left ventricular volumes, echocardiography appears to be sensitive and useful for evaluating in the single patient the changes in left ventricular performance after cardioversion of atrial fibrillation to sinus rhythm. PMID- 6217102 TI - [Coronary angioplasty]. PMID- 6217103 TI - Role of endoscopic elimination of protein plugs in the treatment of chronic pancreatitis. AB - The purpose of this report is to evaluate the role of endoscopic elimination of protein plugs in the treatment of chronic pancreatitis (CP) and suspected CP. Endoscopic aspiration of pure pancreatic juice (PPJ) was performed on 69 patients with CP or suspected CP. PPJ was collected from within the main pancreatic duct by endoscopic retrograde catheterization of the papilla after a rapid intravenous injection of secretin and CCK-PZ. Following results were obtained. (1) Various numbers of protein plugs were obtained along with PPJ in 26 of the 69 patients. (2) Endoscopic elimination of protein plugs provided 17 of the 26 patients with dramatic relief from abdominal pain and back pain, indicting that the procedure was often useful, at least, for relieving pain in patients with protein plugs in the pancreatic duct system. (3) Follow-up studies suggested that the procedure could be an effective therapeutic tool in selected cases of CP or suspected CP in which no prominent stenotic lesions were noted in the major pancreatic duct system and abstinence from alcohol beverage was strictly observed. (4) In 43 patients with no protein plugs in the pancreatic juice, in contrast, transient or partial relief from abdominal pain was provided in only one patient, respectively. PMID- 6217104 TI - Asymmetric effects of deletions and substitutions on high negative interference in coliphage lambda. AB - Experiments have been performed to help clarify the role of nonhomologies in phage lambda recombination. Three-factor crosses were carried out, and the frequencies of single and double recombinants in the two adjoining intervals were compared when the central marker was either a double point mutation (v1v3) or deletion (rex-cI deletion) or nonhomologous substitution (imm434). In all cases the lefthand marker was a bio substitution (Fec- phenotype, which does not permit plating on recA-), and the righthand marker was an amber mutation in gene O. Experiments were performed in all four possible arrangements of the central and rightward markers, while selecting for the Fec+ phenotype on the recA- host. As anticipated, high negative interference (HNI) was observed with point mutations, but when the central marker was a substitution nonhomology, HNI was reduced about tenfold. Surprisingly, when the central marker was a simple deletion, a dramatic asymmetry in results was observed, with HNI being exhibited only when the central deletion marker was acquired by the double recombinant. These results indicate that under normal conditions (red+, gam+, rec+) and with noninhibited DNA replication, recombination in coliphage lambda entails a highly asymmetric step that could be at the level of strand transfer or mismatch repair. PMID- 6217105 TI - The rex gene of bacteriophage lambda is really two genes. AB - Complementation tests among previously isolated rex- mutants of bacteriophage lambda reveal that the mutants comprise two complementation groups, designated rexA and rexB. Because rexB- mutants complement prm- mutants, but rexA- mutants do not, it appears that the rexA gene is coordinately controlled with the cI (repressor) gene under the direction of PRM promoter, but that some other promoter is capable of directing the expression of rexB. PMID- 6217106 TI - Externally and internally caused skin problems of aging. PMID- 6217107 TI - Teaching environmental design: common needs of the elderly and persons with disabilities. PMID- 6217108 TI - Immunological studies in patients suffering from sympathetic ophthalmitis. AB - In nine sympathetic ophthalmitis patients, the serum IgG, IgA, and IgM concentrations were found to be in the normal range, as were the proportions of active and total T-lymphocytes, the proportions of C3-binding and mouse erythrocyte-binding receptor-bearing B lymphocytes, the lymphocyte-stimulating effects of phytohemagglutinin and concanavalin A, the leukocyte migration inhibiting effect of the purified protein derivative of tuberculin, and the suppressor activity of the peripheral blood mononuclear cells. The beta 1C (C3 component of complement) level was increased in every patient. These results indicate that sympathetic ophthalmitis may also develop without damage to the immune system. PMID- 6217110 TI - [Hygienic instruction and education of the population of Aktyubinsk Province]. PMID- 6217109 TI - [Effect of the sewage from industrial units on the viability of pathogenic enterobacteria in water and soil]. PMID- 6217111 TI - [Hygienic assessment of the state of the environment in areas of large animal breeding complexes]. PMID- 6217112 TI - [Progress in occupational medicine and occupational pathology in Kazakhstan]. PMID- 6217113 TI - [Immunological aspects of para-allergic reactions in metallurgy workers with occupational dermatoses associated with tinea pedis]. PMID- 6217114 TI - [Problems of occupational medicine in the works of A.N. Sysin]. PMID- 6217115 TI - [Histochemical analysis of the spinal cord, spinal ganglia and adrenal glands of rats exposed to local vibration]. PMID- 6217116 TI - [Occupational dermatitis in tannery workers]. PMID- 6217117 TI - Cytomorphological and clinical studies among workers employed in the production of chemical agents for plant protection. PMID- 6217118 TI - [Diagnostic imaging of focal lesions in the gallbladder wall. Pathology, differential diagnosis, therapeutic consequences]. PMID- 6217119 TI - [Parotid diseases in high-resolution real-time-tomography]. AB - Ultrasound examination of the parotid by grey-scale real time is a method which has hardly been used so far. By using a high resolution 5 MHz probe and a water bag, it is possible to obtain detailed information concerning the type, extent, margins and consistency of pathological changes in the parotid. The margins of benign lesions are always clearly defined, whereas malignant processes usually have ill-defined margins. Further differentiation is possible from the type of echo. Normal parotids have a homogeneous structure, similar to the thyroid, with a medium to bright grey-scale value; solid, cystic or inflammatory lesions present irregular or inhomogeneous structures. The sonographic appearances are illustrated by the findings in 43 patients and are compared with their histology. PMID- 6217120 TI - [Sonographic assessment of the portal system in portal hypertension]. AB - Three hundred and thirty-seven patients with portal hypertension and recurrent bleeding from oesophageal varices were examined by sonography. The situation was correctly elucidated in 17 out of 21 patients (81%) with pre-hepatic blocks, in 275 out of 313 cases (88%) with intra-hepatic blocks and in two out of three cases with post-hepatic blocks. The relevant findings consisted of stenoses and occlusions of the portal venous system and collaterals in pre-hepatic blocks, dilatation of the portal venous system and hepato-fugal collaterals in intra hepatic blocks and occlusion of the hepatic veins in post-hepatic blocks. Sonography is recommended in cases of portal hypertension because of its non invasive nature and high accuracy as the primary form of investigation. Spleno portography should be used only if surgery is indicated. PMID- 6217121 TI - [Echo morphology and puncture diagnosis of intraabdominal abscesses]. AB - In this article it is reported about 35 intraabdominal abscesses, which were sonographically diagnosed in 32 patients. 22 times the diagnosis could be proven with percutaneous fine-needle-aspiration guided by ultrasound, five of them had a sonographically guided percutaneous abscess drainage, while 7 only could be diagnosed by operation. The sonomorphologic criteria of intraabdominal abscesses are polymorphous. Therefore we could subdivide the abscesses into five types according to their different echogeneity. Probes of pus, won by percutaneous five needle-aspiration, were examined under experimental conditions in a waterbath. The sonomorphologic appearance is comparable to the in-situ-situation. Our experiments showed, that the echogeneity of intraabdominal abscesses is based on echogenic microbubbles besides echoforming detritus and protein-bodies. The polymorphous sonographic appearance of intraabdominal abscess formation and the well known problems of differential diagnosis gives percutaneous, sonographically guided fine-needle-aspiration an important position. PMID- 6217122 TI - [Computer tomography in malformations, inflammatory and degenerative changes in the spine]. AB - Technical improvements and the use of intrathecal Metrizamide have made computer tomography of the spine a valuable diagnostic method. The value of CT in demonstrating morphological changes in the spine was investigated in 77 examinations of congenital malformation or inflammatory and degenerative disease. Measurements of the spinal canal provide more accurate information than conventional radiology and these are discussed. Intradural injection of contrast medium makes it possible to diagnose abnormalities of the cord by means of CT. Inflammatory changes in the spine and in the paraspinal soft tissues are shown at an early stage. A diagnosis of tumour can be confirmed by CT-controlled needle biopsy. It is usually possible to demonstrate disc prolapse without the use of contrast medium. On the other hand, the investigation of pain following disc operations remains a difficult problem. PMID- 6217123 TI - [Cervical myelography with supplemental computer tomography. Indications, execution and results]. PMID- 6217124 TI - [First clinical experiences with a new large frame intensifier in thoracic diagnosis]. AB - In 350 patients with 870 pathologic findings comparative blind analysis of conventional chest films and biplane 100 mm photofluorographic images taken with the large-field image intensifier revealed high accuracy in the evaluation of coin lesions, hilar and pleural pathology, pulmonary vasculature and the right paratracheal stripe. Moderate central interstitial edema, more subtle interstitial changes particularly in the lung periphery including Kerley's B lines, and calcifications in the hilum or the aortic arch are not visible in all cases for the evaluation of lesions of the ribs special films continue to be mandatory. Lateral views are of good quality. The spatial resolution of the large field image intensifier was measured to be 4.5-5.2 LP/mm at the output phosphor, the spatial resolution of the 100 mm intensified images ranges from 2.6-3.8 LP/mm in the center. Mean skin dose was found to be 6.3 mrd in the p.a. projection which is less than 5% of the values registered in non-intensified photofluorography and even by factor 5 lower than in conventional chest x-ray using rare earth screens. PMID- 6217125 TI - Evaluation of the contribution of computed tomography to the staging of non-oat cell primary bronchogenic carcinoma. A retrospective study. AB - In order to evaluate the contribution of computed tomography in the pre-operative staging of non-oat-cell primary bronchogenic carcinoma, the clinical T classification by conventional methods only and after including CT was compared with the postsurgical T-classification in 21 patients. Furthermore, hilar or mediastinal lymph node enlargement as found by conventional methods only and after including CT was compared with the postsurgical N-classification. With conventional methods, T-classification was correctly evaluated in 15 of 21 patients (71%), 5 patients (24%) were underestimated and 1 patient (5%) was overestimated. Clinical T-classification including the results of CT, was correctly evaluated in 17 patients (80%), 2 patients (10%) were underestimated and 1 patient (5%) was overestimated. One patient (5%) was underestimated by bronchoscopy. Computed tomography demonstrated in 15 patients 31 lymph nodes in the mediastinum greater than 10 mm. and 18 lymph nodes smaller than 10 mm.; in 6 patients 9 lymph nodes smaller than 10 mm. were described. Only 4 patients with mediastinal lymph node enlargement were postoperatively classified as N2. Malignant growth was detected postoperatively in 10 lymph nodes smaller than 10 mm. PMID- 6217126 TI - [Measurement accuracy of ECG-gated cardiac computer tomography with a motion phantom]. PMID- 6217127 TI - [Computer tomographic studies of vascular prostheses and vein transplants]. PMID- 6217128 TI - [Computer tomography after medullary nailing of the tibia]. AB - Computer tomographic examination of the tibia was carried out in ten patients two days to four years after removal of an intramedullary nail. Sclerosis of the marrow cavity and cortex and bone formation in the nail track are characteristic findings. They have been correlated with the appearances on conventional x-rays. Changes in the density of the marrow cavity, which is normally increased around the previous nail tract, do not necessarily indicate the presence of infection. In the absence of complications, the increased marrow space density may return to normal negative values corresponding with fat density. PMID- 6217129 TI - [Congenital cysts and teratomas in the sacrococcygeal region. Report of 2 cases]. AB - Developmental abnormalities in the embryo may lead to tumours in the sacro coccygeal area, so-called sacral cysts and the teratomas (5, 7). At birth they are caudal tumours of variable size covered with thin, stretched skin. Blood vessels can be seen through the skin, particularly in the mid-line. One gains the impression that the stretched skin could burst at any moment. It is assumed that these teratomas derive from the pluripotent cells of Hensen's node and then grow in front of the coccyx (2). They grow and spread in various directions, particularly in a dorsal and caudal direction extra-rectally and, to a lesser extent, into the pelvis in a pre-sacral position. The classification of these tumours depends on their spread. The spread and localisation of these tumours may cause stenosis of elongation of the rectum and displacement of small and large bowel and of the bladder. PMID- 6217130 TI - [Subungual calcification]. PMID- 6217131 TI - [Diagnostic utility of thickening of the cutis in the mammogram]. PMID- 6217132 TI - [Measuring device for rapid determination of tube peak voltage and the switch-on time of roentgen equipment]. AB - A prototype of a measuring device is described, which reads the tube peak voltage and the switch-on time of x-ray units by means of two radiation detectors with different energy dependences due to detector materials (Caesium Iodine and Silicon). With a storage oscilloscope the curves of the tube voltage and the relative absorbed dose rate of intensifying screens can be displayed. The measuring range of the tube peak voltage is 60 kV to 150 kV. It is possible to measure exposure times of radiography equipment above 2 ms wit sufficiently low uncertainty. The tube peak voltage has been read with a relative uncertainty below 5% for almost all dose rates, which arise in practical application of medical x-ray units, and its calibration is made by means of x-ray apparatus with tube voltage reading, which has been compared to a Ge(Li) spectrometer. The stability of tube voltage reading of the measuring device is only effected by radiation damage of the detectors after a long time of utilization. The small diameter of the probe permits the accommodation of other probes, ionization chambers, phantoms, etc. in the radiation field at the same time. PMID- 6217133 TI - [Complete lateral cervical fistula of the 2d branchial cleft]. PMID- 6217134 TI - [Displacement of the esophagus in a pronounced emphysematous azygo-esophageal recess]. PMID- 6217135 TI - Intestinal herniation through the foramen of Winslow. PMID- 6217136 TI - [Pitfalls in computer tomography of the abdomen. Pseudotumor due to an extremely dilated ascending colon]. PMID- 6217137 TI - [Malignant hemangiopericytoma of the lower extremity]. PMID- 6217138 TI - [Indicative constellation of symptoms in Canavan-van Bogaert-Bertrand disease]. PMID- 6217139 TI - [Clinical studies of intra-articular injections of Arteparon. Retrospective study following the treatment of 754 patients]. AB - Glycosaminoglycan polysulfate (GAGPS = Arteparon) is used for the treatment of degenerative joint diseases; it inhibits enzymes that dissociate ground substance, e.g. hyaluronidase, beta-glucuronidase, and acid phosphatase. In turn, an improved synthesis of hyaluronate from the synovial lining cells to hyaluronic acid increases viscosity (Verbruggen and Veys 1977). From January 1975 to December 1979, in the Orthopedic Division of the Clinic "St. Elizabeth" in Saarlouis, West-Germany, we treated 754 patients with a total of approximately 8000 intra-articular injections of Arteparon. The problem with drugs influencing the metabolism of joint cartilage is that the results cannot - for obvious reasons - be as conspicuous as e.g. with corticoid injections, although the latter sometimes involve also marked side-effects. After several courses of therapy, on the other hand, the cartilage-protective effect of Arteparon becomes apparent, with an effect lasting for several months. The indications to include the patients into our study were: arthrosis and other cartilage disorders that had been diagnosed prior to onset of therapy by means of either X-ray, surgery, arthrography etc. Therapeutic results were measured by the parameters: subsidence of pain, recession of edema, improved joint motion, etc. Arteparon, applied intra articularly, was well tolerated; local irritation, and swelling of the treated joints were reported in only 4.7% of the treated cases; the therapeutic overall result was good. Occasionally, a case of headache was observed, however, no case of joint infection was reported. PMID- 6217141 TI - [Vertebrogenic pain. A model for the use of physiatric procedures]. PMID- 6217140 TI - [Drug induced agranulocytosis]. AB - Drug-induced agranulocytosis comprises a severe selective neutropenia in a hypersensitive individual. The compelling problem in a single case to determine the etiology of agranulocytosis results from multiple drug consumption, use of composed preparations and the unknown relative risk of most of the incriminated drugs. Immune and toxic mechanisms may be involved, however, the underlying pathomechanism does not correlate with typical hematological and clinical features of agranulocytosis. Prognosis is associated with the infectious state of the patient and the duration of the neutropenic phase which reflects the degree of impairment of bone marrow hemopoiesis. After withdrawal of all potentially hazardous drugs treatment of agranulocytosis follows the therapeutical approach in severe neutropenias due to cytostatic drug exposure. PMID- 6217142 TI - [Treatment of chronic vertebrogenic pain syndromes using acupuncture]. PMID- 6217143 TI - Autoimmunity and hypothyroidism. AB - Primary myxedema and hypothyroid Hashimoto's disease provide a well-documented example of organ-specific autoimmunity in man. Very slight modifications or increased release of thyroglobulin or thyroid antigens in the circulation may cause the rupture of autotolerance for the normal thyroid components, at least when individuals have a genetic predisposition to autoimmune thyroiditis (possibly associated with a predisposition to other autoimmune diseases). The demonstration of an association between HLA and thyroiditis, however, requires additional studies. The basic immunological abnormality responsible for autoimmunization against thyroid components is a defect in suppressor T cells, shown in experimental animals but not firmly established in man. The result of autoimmunization will be the appearance of cytotoxic mechanisms that lead to destruction of the thyroid follicle with progressive fibrosis, antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity apparently being of major importance. A recent report shows, in addition, that thyroid atrophy in primary hypothyroidism is associated with the production of antibodies that block the thyroid-growth-promoting activity of TSH. The recent progress made in our understanding of autoimmune thyroiditis will certainly contribute to improving our knowledge of how and when autoimmunization might develop in man. PMID- 6217144 TI - Cough, dyspnea, and a large heart. PMID- 6217145 TI - Isoelectric focusing of human red cell phosphoglucomutase (PGM1). Phenotype distribution in the population of Tuscany and two hereditary variants. AB - Phosphoglucomutase (PGM1) phenotypes were determined in a population sample of Tuscany, Italy, by isoelectric focusing. The frequencies observed for the four alleles are: PGM1+1 = 0.6012, PGM1-1 = 0.1059, PGM2+1 = 0.2495, PGM2-1 = 0.0434. Two variants were detected and it was possible to study the parentage of both of them. The pedigree of the propositus of the first variant shows that the variant occurs in combination with the common alleles PGM1 1+ and PGM1 2+ and that it has an autosomal dominant inheritance. The second variant has been shown to be a product of the PGM2 locus, although its PAGIF pattern is included between 2- and 1+ isoenzymes. PMID- 6217146 TI - Renal failure complicating feprazone treatment. PMID- 6217147 TI - Effects of anti-Lyt antibodies on T-cell functions. PMID- 6217148 TI - Lysophosphatidylcholine & triton X-100 stimulated palmitoyl-CoA synthetase of chicken liver. PMID- 6217149 TI - Normal suppressor-cell activity in systemic lupus erythematosus. A study on 26 cases. AB - Suppressor-cell activity of 26 SLE patients suffering from active disease was compared to that of 15 healthy controls. ConA-induced and spontaneous suppression was evaluated. The mitogen-driven proliferation of normal allogeneic cells was significantly impaired by ConA-induced as well as spontaneous suppressor cells. However, no difference in suppressor-cell activity could be demonstrated between SLE patients and controls. PMID- 6217150 TI - Induction of antitumor reactive cells or suppressor cells by different molecular species isolated from the same nonimmunogenic tumor. AB - The inability of spontaneous and some laboratory-induced tumors to stimulate the immune system has continuously raised the question of the validity of using immunological maneuvers in order to control tumor growth. In this project we suggest that a tumor which is nonimmunogenic still has an immunogenic potential that can be revealed and used in order to stimulate antitumor immunity and consequently tumor destruction. YAC, a Moloney-virus-induced tumor of A mice, failed to stimulate immunological responses. This tumor homogenate was exposed to nonreduced sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). At the end of the electrophoresis, the gels were sliced and injected in sequential order into various groups of A mice. It was found that some of the gel slices (usually with M.W. of 100 K or less) induced cytotoxic responses, whereas other gel slices (usually with M.W. of about 150 K) induced suppressor cells. Similarly, certain gel slices induced cells that inhibited the in vivo tumor growth, whereas others enhanced the in vivo tumor growth. These last two types of cells did not present the same cellular population that mediated the cellular cytotoxicity or the suppressive effects respectively. It was concluded that poorly immunogenic tumor cells do possess immunogenic potential that can be revealed after dissociation between the immunogenic and suppressogenic entities. PMID- 6217151 TI - Reactivity of antiserum to human brain with peripheral blood lymphocytes. AB - Antisera to human brain (AHBS) and human thymocytes (AHTS) were produced in rabbits and selectively absorbed to render them specific for T cells. After absorption AHBS, but not AHTS, lost most of its cytotoxic activity against T cells. Absorbed AHBS bound up to 95% of peripheral blood T lymphocytes as detected by indirect immunofluorescence and inhibited up to 46% of the lytic activity of AHTS; however, it was incapable of inhibiting the E-rosette formation of T lymphocytes. All 10 samples of human peripheral blood lymphocytes, pretreated with AHBS, were significantly suppressed in their response to antigens, but fewer samples were affected in their response to mitogens and to allogeneic stimulation, indicating diversity in the nature of the receptors involved in the cellular responses. PMID- 6217152 TI - Induction of a T-cell mediated suppressor activity by soluble products from antigen-specific helper/inducer human T-cell lines. AB - Influenza virus-specific (A/X31) long-term cultured human T-cell lines belonging to the helper/inducer T-cell set, produce high potency antigen specific helper factors which induce in vitro antibody production to A/X31 by autologous B cells, as well as small and variable amounts of non-specific helper factors. When added to unseparated peripheral blood mononuclear cells, both cultured T cells and their supernatants suppress in vitro antibody synthesis as measured by a solid phase enzyme-linked immunoassay, and T-cell proliferation to antigens and allogeneic cells, but not to mitogens. This phenomenon was further analysed and could be separated into several steps: (i) the production of suppressor inducer factor(s) by the T-cell lines which are distinct from the helper molecules; (ii) activation of T cells belonging to the suppressor/cytotoxic subset as defined by monoclonal antibodies, a process which is antigen-independent and non-genetically restricted, and is optimal with 18 hr incubation; (iii) the activated T cells non specific suppress antibody production and antigen-induced or allogeneic cell induced T-cell proliferation. Thus, antigen-specifically activated T-inducer cells exert multiple activities, including specific and non-specific help and non specific induction of T suppressor cells. PMID- 6217153 TI - Anti-idiotype regulation of the formation of IgE antibody to timothy grass pollen. II. In vitro induction of suppressor T cells in mini-Marbrook cultures. AB - A method is described for using mini-Marbrook chambers for culturing spleen cells together with anti-idiotype antibody (anti-Id) to induce the appearance of suppressor T cells (Ts). Spleen cells that have been cultured with affinity prepared anti-Id (IgG) but not those cultured with normal IgG, suppress a secondary IgE response to timothy grass pollen antigen B (AgB) when injected intravenously into AGB-primed and boosted syngeneic recipient mice. Suppressor T cells are not induced if the spleen cells cultured with anti-Id are depleted of B cells of if the cells are cultured with the F(ab)2 fragment of anti-Id: both of these results are compatible with Fc+ cells playing a role in the induction of Ts cells by anti-Id. Analysis of soluble suppressor factors in an ELISA test suggests that both TS1 and TS2 cells may be induced by anti-Id. PMID- 6217154 TI - Ly phenotype of T lymphocytes producing dengue virus-induced immunosuppressive factors. PMID- 6217155 TI - Expression of human class I histocompatibility antigens at the surface of DNA transformed mouse L cells. PMID- 6217156 TI - Correlation of phage typing, penicillinase production and antibiotic resistance in staphylococci. PMID- 6217157 TI - Toxic effect of mercury on testes in different animal species. AB - Testicular changes following the administration of mercuric chloride, (HgCl2, ip in various dosages) over one month were studied in rats, mice, guinea pigs and hamsters. HgCl2 (5 mg/kg) caused a testicular degeneration and cellular deformation was observed in both the seminiferous tubules and the Leydig cells in all species: a significant decrease of testicular weight also resulted. There was no cellular deformation at the dose of 2 mg/kg: only spermatogenic inhibition and Leydig cell atrophy were observed in the animals. At the dose of 1 mg/kg, testicular degeneration was observed only in the hamster, only partial degeneration was recorded in the rat and the mouse and no change was noted in the guinea pig. PMID- 6217158 TI - Cataracts in Down syndrome. PMID- 6217159 TI - Effect of metal allergens on thymocytes from unsensitized guinea pigs: a comparative light and electron microscopic study. AB - In the present investigation we studied the effects of different metal allergens on cell counts, dye exclusion, and fine structure of unsensitized guinea pig thymocytes cultured in vitro for up to 96 H. At concentrations which inhibit DNA synthesis of lymphoid cells, the metal salts most often caused cell degeneration as judged by dye exclusion test and electron microscopy. DNA synthesis stimulating concentrations of mercuric chloride gave an increase in the percentage of viable cells. Absolute cell counts were not changed with either DNA synthesis inhibiting or stimulating concentrations. The importance of using different methods in investigating effects of metal allergens on lymphocytes in vitro is pointed out. PMID- 6217160 TI - The rehabilitation of disabled people: towards a framework for future developments. AB - Structural changes in the economic and social climate require rehabilitation and other social provisions to review their values, goals and strategies in order to maintain relevance and effectiveness and improve "productivity". This raises the need for conceptual and operational frameworks of rehabilitation policies and practices to take account of foreseeable social and economic trends, needs and opportunities in society. The study set out to outline frameworks for future developments and to assess the feasibility of their implementation in a specific rehabilitation system in a Member State of the European Economic Community. It examined national and european assessments of short term economic, demographic and technological trends and their implications for the disabled and their rehabilitation towards economic and social integration. A limited survey of the existing system identified strengths and potentials which were used as a basis for an operational framework and a plan of action for changes and extensions to the system. The study revealed that the system has the capacity to change in the direction indicated by the framework which is expected to improve quality and "productivity" of the provision. PMID- 6217161 TI - Surveying for disability in the developing world: suggestions for a methodology. AB - In mid-1980 a pilot survey of major disability was undertaken in Papua New Guinea. The survey was limited to those conditions capable of detection by non medical interviewers conducting a house-to-house guided questionnaire. The development of this survey and the principles underlying its particular style are discussed, and the questionnaire is described. It is argued that disability (impaired function), rather than impairment (clinical condition or consequence) or handicap (social malfunction), should be sought. Impairments are often too narrow to point to particular consequential disabilities or handicaps. Handicaps may be too general, and may arise from many different disabilities. On the other hand disabilities give reasonable clues about both their causative impairments and their resultant handicaps. However, it is recognised that to seek impairments which imply definite disabilities may be more practicable in field conditions. The value of a standardised approach, as far as is practicable among developing nations seeking to discover disability prevalence rates, is suggested as an important step in discovering similarities, differences and the reasons for them. PMID- 6217162 TI - Scientific work at the Faculty of Defectology in Zagreb, Yugoslavia. AB - After defining the area of defectological science, as it is understood in Zagreb, three developmental stages of scientific research at the Faculty of Defectology in Zagreb are described: the first stage (1962-1975) was marked predominantly by individual research projects; the second stage (1976-1980) experienced the access to research work of already organized research projects along broad interdisciplinary lines; the third stage (1981 and onwards) is characterised by a larger number of scientific projects, a greater number of researchers, accumulated experience, and a more favorable financial situation. Furthermore, a number of principles are presented which the Faculty has been trying to include in its scientific work. These principles concern mainly the following areas: a) the relationship between theoretical and empirical research; b) the relationship between scientific and societal needs; c) the relationship between research and practice, and d) the relationship between scientific activity and teaching. Following the elaboration of theoretical concepts on "defectology", "special education" and "educational integration of handicapped children"--which will find its reflection also in scientific research--a short presentation is given of scientific research being currently performed at the Faculty, and scientific research planned for the period up to 1985. PMID- 6217163 TI - The blind in the economic structure of Switzerland: an analysis of some aspects of vocational integration. AB - This empirical investigation describes the present state of vocational integration of blind persons in Switzerland. The study is based on interviews of 215 blind persons--not multiply handicapped--who left a Swiss special school or rehabilitation center in the period 1960 to 1978. The study investigated the following dimensions: - vocational situation and opportunities in a horizontal comparison; - vocational situation and opportunities in a vertical comparison; - level of wage or salary; - subjective work satisfaction. The results of the investigation show that the degree of vocational integration attained by blind interviewees may be regarded as high. If, on the other hand, the forecast should prove correct that in the 80ies Switzerland, too, can expect a higher rate of unemployment, the efforts aimed at improving the qualification prerequisites for vocational integration of the blind deserve attention. Particular emphasis must be placed - in education, on the teaching of greater social competence; - in counseling and placement, on the provision of suitable measures for qualified training and/or retraining; - in further education, on the dynamic advancement of personal needs in regard to further training, the latter understood as "permanent training". PMID- 6217164 TI - Serum zinc in acne vulgaris. AB - Serum zinc levels in acne patients and in matched healthy controls of both sexes and within the same age group (16-20 years age) were estimated. Women, whether diseased or healthy, have shown a significantly lower mean serum zinc level than the corresponding men. In advanced grades of acne, both men and women have a significantly lower level than the corresponding control groups. Within the same sex group, those with advanced grades have revealed a significantly lower level than those with slight grades. PMID- 6217165 TI - Rehabilitation in a developing country--Jamaica. PMID- 6217166 TI - The 1981 Philip Nichols Memorial Lecture. PMID- 6217167 TI - Sex and disablement: what is the problem and whose problem is it? AB - This paper offers a critical evaluation of the modern interest in the sexual lives of disabled people. We argue that many of the discussions of this topic fail to do justice to the complexity of the issues they confront, and this is largely because too many questionable assumptions are taken for granted, and many concepts are used too loosely. In this sense, many of the purportedly objective analyses are in fact ideological, and as ideology they contain vested biases an preferences that need to be highlighted and examined. In criticizing such work we hope to clarify some of the complex issues that pervade any discussion of the sexual problems of disabled people. PMID- 6217169 TI - [Dracunculosis]. PMID- 6217168 TI - Actin, myosin and actin-binding protein in lymphoid cells from human normal and leukemic cell lines. AB - Actin, myosin and actin-binding protein have been identified in lymphoid cell lines of Null, B or T type of normal and malignant origin. The cells were fractionated into cytosol (Fraction 1), high KC1 extract (Fraction 2) and mainly membrane (Fraction 3). The distribution of the three contractile proteins and the ATPase activities of myosin and actomyosin in B lymphoblastoid normal and B lymphoma malignant cell lines. Actomyosin-ATPase activity in the normal B line was much higher than it was in the Null B or T malignant lines examined. These results agree with the assumption that malignant transformation is accompanied by an impairment of the action of contractile proteins that leads to a decrease in motility. PMID- 6217170 TI - Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. PMID- 6217171 TI - Relationship among fibre type, myosin ATPase activity and contractile properties. AB - At least two types of skeletal muscle myosin have been described which differ in ATPase activity and stability in alkaline or acidic media. Differences in ATPase characteristics distinguish Type I and Type II fibres histochemically. In this study, ATPase activity of myosin from muscles of several species with known histochemical and contractile properties has been determined to test the hypothesis that (1) myosin ATPase activity, (2) histochemical determination of fibre types and (3) maximum shortening velocity, all provide equivalent estimates of contractile properties in muscles of mixed fibre types. Maximum shortening velocity appears to be proportional to ATPase activity as expected from previous reports by Barany. However, both myosin ATPase and the maximum shortening velocity exhibit curvilinear relationships to the fraction of cross-sectional area occupied by Type II fibres. Therefore, we reject the hypothesis and conclude that histochemically determined myofibrillar ATPase does not accurately reflect the intrinsic ATPase activity or shortening velocity in muscles of mixed fibre types. Our data are consistent with the presence of more than two myosin isozymes or with a mixture of isozymes within single muscle fibres. PMID- 6217172 TI - The topography of long nuclear chain intrafusal fibers in the cat muscle spindle. AB - Muscle spindles were studied histochemically in serial transverse sections of specimens of the cat tenuissimus muscle. The nuclear chain intrafusal muscle fibers were separated into three subtypes, called long, intermediate and typical. The long chain and intermediate chain fibers tended to assume a particular position within the axial bundle of intrafusal fibers. The fibers were usually located in that layer of chain fibers that was positioned farthest away from the bag2 fiber. Furthermore, they were usually situated adjacent to the bag1 fiber throughout much of the extent of the spindle pole. Some long chain and intermediate chain fibers had several fiber nuclei abreast at the equator rather than a single row of central nuclei, as in most nuclear chain fibers. The relative position of intrafusal fibers within the cat spindle may reflect their order of formation during development, with the fibers retaining, to a variable degree, their association with the bag2 fiber which acted as template. Thus, the axial position of long chain and intermediate chain fibers suggests that they are among the first nuclear chain fibers to form. This may play a role in the known preferential innervation of these chain fibers by skeleto-fusimotor axons. PMID- 6217173 TI - Histochemical studies of jelly coat of sea-urchin eggs during oogenesis. AB - Jelly coat of sea-urchin eggs consists of polysaccharides and glycoproteins. Some properties of jelly coat have already been investigated, but not histochemically. The oogenesis in Paracentrotus lividus was studied histologically and the oocytes were classified into six different stages. The extracellular jelly appeared first around the growing oocytes II which remained attached to the germinal epithelium. The jelly became thicker when the oocyte approached maturation. Histochemical analysis revealed that the jelly consists of mucopolysaccharide-protein complexes. The polysaccharide component is composed of both neutral and acid mucopolysaccharides. The former are amylase-resistant. The acid mucopolysaccharides contain both carboxyl and sulfate groups, which are in close proximity to vicinal hydroxyl groups. Sulfated mucopolysaccharide is hyaluronidase-resistant. Sialic acid could not be clearly demonstrated, because it seems to be resistant to neuraminidase. Pepsin digestion indicated the masking of acidic groups by proteins which compete with basic dyes (Alcian blue, Azure A, coriphosphine etc.). Proteolytic digestion enhanced dye-binding ability of jelly, but removed also some of the periodate-reactive mucosubstances. Also a protein component could be demonstrated histochemically. No histochemical difference between jelly coat of oocytes and that of eggs has been found. The possible molecular structure of jelly coat is discussed. PMID- 6217174 TI - Population studies of HLA-linked SB antigens and their relative importance in primary MLC typing. Analysis of HLA-D homozygous typing cells and normal heterozygous populations. AB - SB phenotyping was undertaken on 96 HLA-D homozygous typing cells (HTCs) and 129 normal unselected heterozygous donors in the German population, using Interleukin 2-propagated primed lymphocyte typing (PLT) reagents. The results showed that the SB antigens in the normal population behave as a system of alleles at a single locus in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (p approximately equal to 0.20). Estimated gene frequencies in the German population appeared to be significantly different (p less than 0.002) from the North American Caucasian population: the principal differences were increased frequencies of the specificities SB1 and SB4, and decreased frequencies of blanks. Of HLA heterozygous donors 41% typed for two distinct SB specificities; 57% typed for one; and 2% were blank. In the HTC group, 20% typed for two specificities; 68% typed for one; and 12% were blank. Thus, a significant proportion of HLA-D homozygous test cells were, nonetheless, heterozygous for HLA-linked SB antigens. Performance of checkerboard mixed leukocyte cultures (MLCs) between 16 SB typed HLA-Dw3 HTCs, however, did not indicate that the observed mutual or one-way responses were influenced in any simple way by SB antigens; neither heterozygosity nor assumed homozygosity for SB antigens appeared to influence the frequency of MLC typing responses of HLA-Dw3 positive donors on these HTCs. These results add further confirmation of the genetic and functional independence of the SB gene product(s) and the HLA-D/DR gene product(s). PMID- 6217175 TI - An improved nasal mask pneumotachometer for measuring ventilation in neonates. PMID- 6217176 TI - Mechanisms of immune injury. PMID- 6217177 TI - Type I and type IV hypersensitivity in animals. PMID- 6217178 TI - Assays of cellular immunity. AB - Numerous cellular assays are available to study the response or activities of mononuclear and polymorphonuclear cells in domestic species. When the assays, most developed originally to study rodent or human cells, are adapted to the cells of domestic species, minor or major modifications have been necessary. Furthermore, interpretation of results of the assays with cells from domestic species are not always consistent with those obtained in the original system, and it should not be expected that the assays will always provide results that can be interpreted similarly among species. Application and additional experience with these techniques, as well as new techniques, will provide a foundation for our understanding of the importance of cellular mechanisms in immunity of domestic species. PMID- 6217179 TI - Distribution, density and size of muscle receptors in cat tail dorsolateral muscles. PMID- 6217180 TI - Phage inactivation and DNA strand scission activities of 7-N-(p hydroxyphenyl)mitomycin C. AB - A new derivative of mitomycin C (MMC), 7-N-(p-hydroxyphenyl)mitomycin C (M-83), had higher phage inactivation activity against phages phiX174 and PM2 than MMC, and also higher DNA strand scission activity against their single- and double stranded DNAs. M-83, at one third to one sixth concentration of MMC, showed the same level of phage inactivation and DNA strand scission activities. The mechanism of phage inactivation and DNA strand scission by M-83 were similar to those of MMC: (1) Reduction of M-83 was required for its action. (2) Oxygen radicals were involved in DNA strand scission, and metal ions possibly participated in the generation of oxygen radicals. (3) DNA strand scission was single strand scission, and dependent on temperature. The high DNA strand scission activity of M-83 is considered to reflect the rapid conversion to the active form. PMID- 6217181 TI - L-1,4-cyclohexadiene-1-alanine, an antimetabolite of l-phenylalanine produced by a Pseudomonas. PMID- 6217182 TI - Effects of steroids on bovine T-lymphocyte blastogenesis in vitro. AB - Day 13 to 24 bovine conceptuses convert C-19 and C-21 neutral steroids to 5 beta reduced steroids with great efficiency. Pregnancy steroids have been reported to be immunomodulatory in several species. This study examined the possibility that 5 beta-reduced products of bovine conceptus steroid metabolism, precursors, related steroids, progesterone or cortisol might affect bovine T-cell blastogenesis. The steroids tested were 5 alpha-androstan-17 beta-ol-3-one, androstene-3, 17-dione, 5 beta-pregnane-3,20-dione and 5 beta-pregnane-3 alpha,20 alpha-diol. The ability of each steroid, over a dose range of 10(-2) to 10(4) nM, to affect phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-induced or concanavalin A (Con A)-induced bovine T cell blastogenesis, or the mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) was evaluated. Five lactating Holstein cows served as lymphocyte donors for mitogen studies and two, that exhibited strong MLR, were donors for the MLR evaluation. Of the seven steroids tested none affected blastogenesis in a dose-related manner except for cortisol, which suppressed Con A-induced lymphocyte transformation as well as the MLR. Cortisol did not affect PHA-induced blastogenesis. Thus, of the pregnancy steroids tested at the concentrations noted, none had significant immunomodulatory effects. PMID- 6217183 TI - Antibiotic penetration through bacterial capsules and exopolysaccharides. PMID- 6217184 TI - Clinical evaluation of moxalactam therapy. PMID- 6217185 TI - Campylobacter gastroenteritis in Arkansas. PMID- 6217187 TI - Electrocardiogram of the month. Atrial flutter. PMID- 6217186 TI - The management of insulin-dependent diabetes in pregnancy. PMID- 6217188 TI - Runners' injuries about the knee. PMID- 6217189 TI - Formation of oligomeric structures from plasmid DNA carrying cos lambda that is packaged into bacteriophage lambda heads. AB - Plasmids that carry cos lambda, the region necessary for lambda phage packaging and that are as small as four kilobases in size can be packaged into lambda phage heads in head-to-tail tandem oligomeric structures. Multimeric oligomers as large as undecamers have been detected. Oligomer formation depends upon the products of red and gam of lambda, and the general recombination occurs between different plasmids that share homologous DNA regions. The packaging efficiency of plasmids depends on its copy number in cells and its genome size. Upon injection into a cell, the DNA establishes itself as a plasmid in a tandem structure. When such a plasmid in a high oligomeric structure is used as the source of packaging DNA, the packaging efficiency of the plasmids is elevated. The oligomers are stable in recA cells, whereas they drift toward lower oligomers in recA+ cells. PMID- 6217190 TI - Iron supply to Escherichia coli by synthetic analogs of enterochelin. AB - Synthetic analogs of enterochelin (enterobactin) were tested for their ability to support the growth of Escherichia coli K-12 under iron-limiting conditions. The cyclic compound MECAM [1,3,5-N.N'; N"-tris-(2,3-dihydroxybenzoyl)-triamino methylbenzene] and its N-methyl derivative Me3MECAM promoted growth, whereas the 2,3-dihydroxy-5-sulfonyl derivatives MECAMS and Me3MECAMS were inactive. The same results were obtained with TRIMCAM [1,3,5-tris(2,3-dihydroxybenzoylcarbamido) benzene] and TRIMCAMS (the 2,3-dihydroxy-5-sulfonyl derivative of TRIMCAM). However, the sulfonic acid-containing linear compound LICAMS [1,5,10-N,N', N" tris(5-sulfo-2,3-dihydroxybenzoyl)-triaza-decane] supported growth. In contrast, LIMCAMC, in which the sulfonyl groups at the five position of LICAMS are replaced by carboxyl groups at the four position, was inactive. The uptake of the active analogs required the functions specified by the fepB, fesB, and tonB genes. Surprisingly, growth promotion of mutants lacking the enterochelin receptor protein in the outer membrane was observed. Only MECAM protected cells against colicin B (which kills cells after entering at the enterochelin uptake sites) and transported Fe3+ at about half the enterochelin rate. PMID- 6217191 TI - Expression of a Streptococcus mutans glucosyltransferase gene in Escherichia coli. AB - Chromosomal DNA from Streptococcus mutans strain UAB90 (serotype c) was cloned into Escherichia coli K-12. The clone bank was screened for any sucrose hydrolyzing activity by selection for growth on raffinose in the presence of isopropyl-beta-D-thiogalactoside. A clone expressing an S. mutans glucosyltransferase was identified. The S. mutans DNA encoding this enzyme is a 1.73-kilobase fragment cloned into the HindIII site of plasmid pBR322. We designated the gene gtfA. The plasmid-encoded gtfA enzyme, a 55,000-molecular weight protein, is synthesized at 40% the level of pBR322-encoded beta-lactamase in E. coli minicells. Using sucrose as substrate, the gtfA enzyme catalyzes the formation of fructose and a glucan with an apparent molecular weight of 1,500. We detected the gtfA protein in S. mutans cells with antibody raised against the cloned gtfA enzyme. Immunologically identical gtfA protein appears to be present in S. mutans cells of serotypes c, e, and f, and a cross-reacting protein was made by serotype b cells. Proteins from serotype a, g, and d S. mutans cells did not react with antibody to gtfA enzyme. The gtfA activity was present in the periplasmic space of E. coli clones, since 15% of the total gtfA activity was released by cold osmotic shock and the clones were able to grow on sucrose as sole carbon source. PMID- 6217192 TI - Vanadate uptake in Neurospora crassa occurs via phosphate transport system II. AB - Vanadate, a potent inhibitor of plasma membrane ATPases, is taken up by Neurospora crassa only when cells are growing in alkaline medium and starving for phosphate. The appearance of a vanadate uptake system (Km = 8.2 microM; Vmax = 0.15 mmol/min per liter of cell water) occurs under the same conditions required for derepression of a high-affinity phosphate transport system. Phosphate is a competitive inhibitor of vanadate uptake, and vanadate is a competitive inhibitor of phosphate uptake. Furthermore, mutant strains which are either partially constitutive or non-derepressible for the high-affinity phosphate transport system are also partially constitutive or non-derepressible for vanadate uptake. These data indicate that vanadate enters the cell via phosphate transport system II. PMID- 6217193 TI - Vanadate-resistant mutants of Neurospora crassa are deficient in a high-affinity phosphate transport system. AB - Mutant strains of Neurospora crassa have been selected which grow on media containing vanadate, an inhibitor of the plasma membrane ATPase. The mutations all map to a single region (designated van) on the left arm of linkage group VII. The van mutants are unable to take up vanadate from the medium and are also deficient in the uptake of phosphate via a derepressible, high-affinity phosphate transport system. In the van mutants, the K(m) for phosphate transport is elevated as much as 35-fold, indicating that the van locus may code for a structural component of the high-affinity phosphate transport system. PMID- 6217194 TI - Carbonyl cyanide-m-chlorophenyl hydrazone-resistant Escherichia coli mutant that exhibits a temperature-sensitive unc phenotype. AB - Two spontaneous Escherichia coli mutant strains which are resistant to an oxidative phosphorylation uncoupler, carbonyl cyanide-m-chlorophenyl hydrazone, were isolated. Strain CM22 (ccr-2) was resistant to another uncoupler, pentachlorophenol, and to the inhibitors of proton-translocating ATPase, namely tributyltin and sodium azide. Carbonyl cyanide-m-chlorophenyl hydrazone or pentachlorophenol administered to cell suspensions of strain CM22 did not cause a pH change induced by H+ influx, and a similar result was obtained with everted particles. The respiratory rate of strain CM22 with succinate was twice that of wild-type strain KH434. When carbonyl cyanide-m-chlorophenyl hydrazone was administered, a stimulation of O2 uptake was observed in wild-type strain KH434 but not in the mutant strain CM22. Strain CM22 did not grow on succinate at 42 degrees C. Isolation of a true revertant at a frequency of 10(-8) demonstrated that the pleiotropic phenotype was induced by a single mutation. P1 transduction indicated that the mutant allele, ccr-2, was cotransduced with the ilv genes at a frequency of about 55%. PMID- 6217195 TI - Distribution and specificity of mutations induced by neocarzinostatin in the lacI gene of Escherichia coli. AB - Although neocarzinostatin (NCS) attacks DNA almost exclusively at adenine and thymine residues in vitro, exposure of Escherichia coli to this antitumor drug resulted in a high frequency of mutations at guanine:cytosine base pairs in the lacI gene. Thus, NCS-induced base substitution mutations do not appear to result from the major DNA lesions that have been biochemically characterized. The overall distribution of nonsense mutations produced by NCS was distinctly nonrandom, consisting in part of a few "hotspots" and a large number of "coldspots." The existence of these coldspots implies that untargeted mutagenesis does not make a significant contribution to the mutations induced by this SOS dependent mutagen. PMID- 6217196 TI - Assessment of a futile cycle involving reconversion of fructose 6-phosphate to fructose 1,6-bisphosphate during gluconeogenic growth of Escherichia coli. AB - In gluconeogenesis, fructose 6-phosphate is formed from fructose 1,6 bisphosphate, and if fructose 1,6-bisphosphate were reformed by the phosphofructokinase reaction there would be a "gluconeogenic futile cycle." We assessed the extent of this cycling in Escherichia coli growing on glycerol 3 phosphate, using a medium containing 32Pi. Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate coming from glycerol 3-phosphate should be unlabeled, but any coming from fructose 6 phosphate should contain label from the gamma-position of ATP. The amount of labeling of the 1-position of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate was only 2 to 10% of that of the gamma-position of ATP in a series of isogenic strains differing in phosphofructokinases (Pfk-1, Pfk-2, or Pfk-2). In control experiments with glucose 6-phosphate instead of glycerol 3-phosphate, the two positions were equally labeled. Thus, although the presence of Pfk-2 causes gluconeogenic impairment (Daldal et al., Eur. J. Biochem., 126:373-379, 1982), gluconeogenic futile cycling cannot be the reason. PMID- 6217197 TI - Interaction of EEG sleep, antidepressants, and affective disease. AB - The major sleep characteristics of depression are summarized and new EEG sleep studies of antidepressants, including preliminary data on desipramine and zimelidine, are described. The relationship of steady-state plasma amitriptyline levels to REM sleep and the use of EEG sleep measures as predictors of clinical response to tricyclics will also be discussed. The effects of antidepressant agents on sleep are immediate and pronounced, and studies of these drug-induced effects may also represent a rational method for drug classification. PMID- 6217198 TI - Ca2+ release from sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles derived from longitudinal reticulum and terminal cisternae of frog skeletal muscle. AB - Fragmented sarcoplasmic reticulum (FSR) of bullfrog skeletal muscle was fractionated into light and heavy sarcoplasmic reticulum (LSR and HSR) by sucrose density gradient centrifugation. Morphological and biochemical studies revealed that large parts of LSR and HSR were derived from longitudinal reticulum and terminal cisternae of SR, respectively. The Ca2+ uptake ability and ATPase activity of LSR were higher than those of HSR. Ca2+ release from Ca2+ preloaded SR vesicles by changing the medium from K-gluconate to KCl was suppressed by addition of 0.3 M sucrose or glucose; there was no correlation between Ca2+ release and membrane potential change either in LSR or HSR vesicles. Dantrolene sodium (DAN, 20 microM) had no effect on Ca2+ release. It is concluded that ion induced Ca2+ release from SR (both HSR and LSR) in the isolated system is due to an osmotic effect. PMID- 6217199 TI - Reaction intermediates of myosin ATPase from scallop adductor muscles: nonidentical two-headed structure of striated adductor muscle myosin. AB - To determine whether or not the two heads of myosin from striated adductor muscles of scallop are nonidentical and the main intermediate of the ATPase reaction, MADPP, is produced only on one of the two heads, the Pi-burst size, the amount of total bound nucleotides and the amount of bound ADP during the ATPase reaction were measured in this study. The Pi-burst size was 1 mol per mol in the presence of 0.1-5 mM Mg2+ ions. The amount of total nucleotides bound to myosin was 2 mol per mol. Both the amounts of bound ADP and ATP at sufficiently high ATP concentrations were 1 mol per mol of striated adductor myosin, and the affinity for ADP binding was higher than that for ATP binding. These findings indicate that MADPP or MATP is produced on each of the two heads of striated adductor myosin on its interaction with ATP. The fluorescence intensity at 340 nm of striated adductor myosin was enhanced by about 7% upon addition of ATP. The time for the half maximum fluorescence enhancement, tau 1/2, at 5 microM ATP was 0.25 s, which was almost equal to the tau 1/2 values for the Pi-burst and for the dissociation of actomyosin reconstituted from striated adductor myosin and skeletal muscle F-actin. The dependences on ATP concentration of the extent of the fluorescence enhancement and the dissociation of actomyosin could be explained by assuming that these changes are associated with the formation of MADPP on one of the two heads of myosin. The Pi-burst size and the amount of bound ADP of smooth adductor myosin were slightly but significantly larger than 1 mol per mol. Both ATPase reactions of striated and smooth adductor myofibrils showed the substrate inhibition. The extent of substrate inhibition of ATPase of smooth adductor myofibrils was less than that of striated adductor myofibrils. All the present findings support the view that the nonidentical two-headed structure is required for substrate inhibition of the actomyosin ATPase reaction. PMID- 6217200 TI - The effect of crosslinking of thin filament with glutaraldehyde on the contractility of muscle fiber. AB - The effect of crosslinking of F-actin with glutaraldehyde on the contractility of muscle ghost fiber containing reconstituted thin filament (i.e. F-actin tropomyosin-troponin complex) and irrigated with myosin was investigated. The results show that: (i) crosslinking inhibited development of isometric tension and shortening of the fiber in the presence of MgATP, (ii) superprecipitation of the complex of myosin with crosslinked thin filament was considerably delayed, (iii) crosslinking inhibited neither binding of myosin heads to the filament nor activation of myosin ATPase. It is suggested that alterations of actin structure due to the formation of intra- and/or intermonomer crosslinks can essentially affect the process of contractility. PMID- 6217201 TI - Regulatory light chain contents and molecular species of myosin in catch muscle of scallop. AB - Myosin purified from the smooth muscle of scallop adductor contains two kinds of regulatory light chain, regulatory light chain a (RLC-a) and regulatory light chain b (RLC-b) (Kondo, S. & Morita, F. (1981) J. Biochem. 90, 673). The myosin was fractionated by salting out with ammonium sulfate, and samples containing the two regulatory light chains with different molar ratios were obtained. ATPase activities of the myosin fractions were determined. From the analysis of the dependence of ATPase activity on molar ratio of the two regulatory light chains, we concluded that myosin purified from the smooth muscle of scallop contains three species of myosin having different combinations of regulatory light chains: one has two RLC-a (aa), another has two RLC-b (bb), and the third one each of RLC a and RLC-b (ab). The order of ATPase activities of these three myosin species was estimated as (aa) less than (bb) less than (ab). Distribution of the two regulatory light chains in the smooth muscle from the inside, translucent portion to the outside, opaque portion was examined by means of one- and two-dimensional gel electrophoreses. The content of RLC-b was about 1 mol per mol of SH-light chain independent of the portion of muscle. The content of RLC-a was markedly dependent on the portion of muscle--about 0.2 mol per mol of SH-light chain in the innermost portion and 0.7 mol per mol of SH-light chain in the outside, opaque portion. The sum of both regulatory light chain contents was about 1.5 mol per mol of SH-light chain in the opaque portion where the catch contraction is notable. Myosin species in the catch muscle are discussed. PMID- 6217202 TI - A comparison of rat myosin from fast and slow skeletal muscle and the effect of disuse. PMID- 6217203 TI - Factors that modify the molecular size of phospholamban, the 23,000-dalton cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum phosphoprotein. AB - Phospholamban, a 23,000-dalton phosphoprotein present in cardiac muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles is quantitatively dissociated into three smaller sized phosphorylated components of 11,000, 15,000, and 20,000 daltons when sarcoplasmic reticulum, solubilized in 1% (w/v) sodium dodecyl sulfate and 1 mM MgCl2, is heated at 71 degrees C or greater for 2 min. This dissociation is inhibited by Mg2+ (50% at approximately 5 mM). The 23,000-dalton phosphoprotein reformed from the 11,000-, 15,000-, and 20,000-dalton phosphorylated components when phosphorylated sarcoplasmic reticulum that had been boiled in 1% sodium dodecyl sulfate and 1 MM MgCl2 was stored for 1 week at -70 degrees C. We propose that the 23,000-dalton phosphorylated protein is a trimer, composed of three subunits with molecular mass of 11,000, 8,000, and 4,000 daltons. In this model, only the 11,000-dalton subunit would be phosphorylated. The partial dissociation of the 23,000-dalton phosphorylated protein would result in the formation of the 19,000 (11,000 + 8,000)-dalton or the 15,000 (11,000 + 4,000)- dalton phosphorylated components. Full dissociation of the 23,000-dalton phosphorylated protein would result in the formation of the 11,000-dalton phosphorylated component. PMID- 6217204 TI - [14C]N-ethylmaleimide labeling of the plasma membrane [H+]-ATPase of Neurospora crassa. AB - Treatment of the purified plasma membrane [H+]-ATPase of Neurospora crassa with the sulfhydryl reagent N-ethylmaleimide (NEM) leads to a marked inhibition of ATPase activity. Several lines of evidence indicate that inhibition is caused by the reaction of NEM with a single cysteine residue on the Mr = 104,000 polypeptide. (1) Inhibition by NEM follows pseudo-first order kinetics. (2) MgADP protects against NEM inactivation and at the same time decreases the incorporation of [14C]NEM into the Mr = 104,000 polypeptide. When "protectable" [14C]NEM incorporation is plotted as a function of inhibition of ATPase activity, a linear relationship is observed with a slope of 0.8. (3) Labeling of the ATPase with [14C]NEM can be restricted to the protectable site by pretreatment with cold NEM in the presence of MgADP, followed by an incubation with [14C]NEM in the absence of nucleotides. When this is done, and the enzyme is subjected to tryptic mapping and autoradiography, a single radioactive peptide fragment is found. The protectable site may yield information about the role of cysteine in the ATPase mechanism, and should also serve as a useful point of reference in enzyme mapping studies. PMID- 6217205 TI - beta-Adrenergic stimulation of phospholamban phosphorylation and Ca2+-ATPase activity in guinea pig ventricles. PMID- 6217206 TI - H+-ATPase of Escherichia coli uncB402 mutation leads to loss of chi subunit of subunit of F0 sector. AB - The uncB402 mutation in Escherichia coli results in formation of an H+-ATPase complex that is defective in energy-transducing capacity. The mutation, originally described by Butlin et al. (Butlin, J.D., Cox, G.B., and Gibson, F. (1973) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 292, 366-375), alters the F0 sector of the H+ ATPase complex. Here, we show that uncB402 is an amber-suppressible, chain terminating mutation that results in loss of the chi subunit from F0. This was demonstrated in crude membrane fractions after overproduction of the ATPase complex by heat induction of a lambda transducing phage carrying the unc operon of uncB402. The lambda-uncB402 DNA was used as a template in an in vitro transcription-translation system. A synthesis product that may correspond to the truncated form of the chi subunit was observed. Despite the absence of chi, the F1-ATPase was still bound to the membrane, although more weakly than in wild type. The omega subunit of F0 ("dicyclohexylcarbodiimide-binding protein") shows normal reactivity with dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, indicating that at least this portion of F0 integrates properly in the membrane in the absence of the chi subunit. The F0 of uncB402 was not functional in H+ translocation activity. This was shown by direct H+ flux measurements with crude membrane vesicles that were treated with guanidine to disrupt the binding of F1 to F0. Secondly, a method was developed for isolation of F0 from F1-depleted membranes. The F0 from uncB402 was shown to have less than 5% the proton-translocase activity of wild type F0 when reconstituted into liposomes. Although the uncB402 mutant shows these defects, the question of whether the chi subunit plays a direct role in F1-binding or H+ translocation remains open, since the loss of chi may lead to subtle changes in the assembly of the other F0 subunits. Analysis of other mutants should permit a more definitive assignment of function. PMID- 6217207 TI - Purification and characterization of the biliary plasminogen activator bilokinase. AB - The aim of the present study is to elucidate the enzymological and chemical properties of the plasminogen activator in bile, bilokinase. A bilokinase preparation was obtained from 94.2 liters of bovine gall bladder bile through seven purification steps, two of which employed a precipitation method in which ammonium sulfate and acetone were used sequentially. Twenty mg of bilokinase preparation with a specific activity of 5,900 IU/mg were obtained, for a 9% yield with 6,556-fold purification. This preparation revealed a single band upon disc electrophoresis. The bilokinase was a 3.32 S protein and its molecular weight was found to be 57,000. Isoelectric focusing showed that the bilokinase was separable into 5 fractions having different isoelectric points ranging from pH 7.4 to 9.0 The properties of the individual fractions have not yet been determined. The enzymatic activity of bilokinase was recognized to be heat-labile and to be stable at pH 4.0. The activation of plasminogen by bilokinase took place most effectively at pH 7.8 in a manner similar to that of urokinase. In its hydrolysis of both N alpha-acetylglycyl-L-lysine-methyl ester-acetate and H-D-Glu-Gly-Arg pNA (S-2227), bilokinase showed similar Km values to those of urokinase; however, they were quite distinct from those of plasmin. It was concluded therefore that bilokinase is a plasminogen activator with enzymatic properties which are quite similar to those of the urinary plasminogen activator urokinase. The origin of bilokinase and its relation to liver function are now under investigation. PMID- 6217208 TI - Injection of DNA into liposomes by bacteriophage lambda. AB - Small unilamellar vesicles (75-100 nm diameter) and large liposomes (greater than 1 micron in diameter) were prepared containing the lamB protein, an outer membrane protein of Escherichia coli and Shigella which serves as the receptor for bacteriophage lambda. Bacteriophage were observed to bind to these liposomes and vesicles by their tails and in most cases the heads of the bound bacteriophage appeared empty or partially empty of DNA. The lambda DNA was usually only partially ejected from the bacteriophage head when small unilamellar liposomes were used, presumably because the vesicles are too small to contain all the DNA. The partially ejected DNA was not susceptible to DNase unless the vesicle bilayer was first disrupted suggesting that DNA injection of phage DNA into the vesicle had occurred. After disruption of these vesicles on electron microscope grids, the bacteriophage are seen to have partially empty heads and a small mass of DNA associated with their tails. Using larger liposomes prepared by the fusion of lamB bearing vesicles with polyethylene glycol and n-hexyl bromide, the heads of most of the bound bacteriophage appeared to be completely empty of DNA. Disruption of these preparations on electron microscope grids revealed circular arrays of empty-headed bacteriophage surrounding DNA which had apparently been contained within the intact liposomes. These results indicate that high molecular weight DNA can be entrapped within liposomes with high efficiency by ejection from bacteriophage lambda. The possible use of these DNA containing liposomes to facilitate gene transfer in eukaryotic cells is discussed. PMID- 6217209 TI - Investigations of the possible functions for glycosylation in the high mobility group proteins. Evidence for a role in nuclear matrix association. AB - Techniques are described for selectively removing the carbohydrate moieties from the high mobility group (HMG) 14 and 17 proteins of Friend erythroleukemia and calf thymocyte cells without causing degradation of these nonhistone proteins. Investigations were therefore undertaken to investigate the possible significance of this secondary biochemical modification by comparing the activity of the HMGs with and without their glycosyl side chains in various functional assays of the proteins. For example, these HMGs have been found to be equally effective in the partial inhibition of the histone deacetylase enzymes of mammalian cell nuclei whether or not they contain covalently bound carbohydrate residues. We also investigated the possibility that the glycosyl modifications might be involved in the reported ability of these HMGs to specifically cause reconstitution of the DNase I-sensitive structure of "active" genes in salt-depleted chromatin. Unexpectedly, in experiments with both the active beta-globin gene of Friend cells and the total complement of active genes in these same mouse cells (which can be preferentially labeled by nuclear nick translation) we have been unable, using purified HMG 14 and 17 preparations, to reconstitute the active DNase I structure of genes in salt-depleted chromatin preparations. Therefore, the possible role, if any, played by HMG glycosylation in such reconstitution experiments remains unknown. However, in the course of these experiments we did find that HMG 14 and 17 proteins covalently linked to carbohydrate side chains bind preferentially to the nuclear protein matrix of mammalian cells. Furthermore, this association appears to be mediated through the glycosyl side chains since enzymatic removal of these modifications from the HMGs greatly reduced their binding to the nuclear matrix. Since numerous workers have implicated the nuclear matrix as the site of both RNA transcription and DNA replication in eukaryotic cells, the finding of HMG association with this nuclear structure may have significance for our understanding of the overall architectural organization of the active domains of chromatin in cells. PMID- 6217210 TI - The socioeconomic burden of Huntington's chorea in South Wales. PMID- 6217211 TI - Glucocorticoid influence on growth of vascular wall cells in culture. AB - Primary mass cultures and cloned strains of bovine aortic endothelial and smooth muscle cells were investigated with respect to their growth responses to glucocorticoid hormones. The growth of primary endothelial cells was not influenced by glucocorticoid treatment in the absence of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) but was inhibited by about 30% in the presence of FGF; with cloned endothelial cells, glucocorticoids were also growth inhibitory only in the presence of FGF. In contrast, smooth muscle cell growth was inhibited 30%-70% by glucocorticoid treatment in both primary cultures and in the cloned strains in the absence of FGF, and this inhibition was totally abolished by the addition of FGF for both cultures. The corticosteroid influences on cell growth were glucocorticoid specific, concentration dependent, and were observed to be independent of the serum concentration. The results indicate that glucocorticoid hormones have direct and pronounced growth inhibiting effects on aortic smooth muscle cells but only minimal effects on endothelial cells when these components of the vascular wall are analyzed under identical conditions in vitro. PMID- 6217212 TI - Kinetics of chick embryo cell types in culture. AB - The growth kinetics and population doubling limits of chick embryonic fibroblasts, chondroblasts, and retinal pigment cells were compared. Chondroblasts were found to have a cumulative population doubling level (37 +/- 3 PDL) similar (p = 0.05) to that of control fibroblasts (42 +/- 2 PDL), in individual and pooled clones. While both cell types have similar doubling potential, the proportion of tritium-labeled nuclei decreases, and differs significantly as doubling level increases. This age-associated decline is due to an extension in the population doubling time. Direct cell-cycle analysis shows this increase to occur in the G1 phase. Furthermore, cartilage colonies maintain their phenotypic expression (metachromasia) throughout their lifespan under conditions of subcloning at sparse density. When fibroblasts derived from 15 day chick embryos are compared with fibroblasts from 10 day embryos (41 +/- 2 PDL) there is no significant difference (p = 0.05) in cumulative PDL or percent labeled nuclei, indicating that fibroblasts of different embryonic age have similar potential. The addition of hydrocortisone and insulin to the medium significantly shortens (25 +/- 2 PDL) the lifespan of 10 day chick fibroblasts. Kinetics of retinal pigment cells show a population doubling potential (29 +/- 1 PDL) different from fibroblasts and chondroblasts, suggesting that different cell types may not have similar limits on doubling potential when first determined in embryogenesis. Hydrocortisone and insulin have no effect on the growth kinetics or lifespan of retinal pigment cells in culture. PMID- 6217213 TI - Control of cytolysis of BALB/c-3T3 cells by platelet-derived growth factor: a model system for analyzing cell death. PMID- 6217214 TI - Diagnosis of cutaneous T cell lymphoma by use of monoclonal antibodies reactive with tumor-associated antigens. AB - Two murine monoclonal antibodies (BE1 and BE2), produced by using leukemic helper T cells from a patient with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) as immunogens, reacted selectively with CTCL lymphocytes and some transformed cultured lymphocytes, as determined by radioimmunoassay (RIA) and indirect immunofluorescence (IIF). BE1 reacted significantly (P less than or equal to 0.001) with leukemic CTCL lymphocytes and with CTCL cells from infiltrated lymph nodes (RIA, mean +/- SD = 776 +/- 275 cpm), as compared with background counts (263 +/- 68). BE1 binding to normal blood mononuclear cells (RIA, mean +/- SD = 283 +/- 58 cpm) was indistinguishable from background. BE1 also reacted with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-transformed B-cell lines (RIA, mean +/- SD = 794 +/- 230) and some long-term T-cell lines. BE1 did not react with the majority of lymphoid cell lines or tumor cell lines tested. BE1 also did not react with any normal tissues screened by IIF. BE1 precipitated a molecule from CTCL cells that, under reducing conditions, has two components with molecular mass of 27,200 and 25,800 D. BE2 also reacted significantly (P less than or equal to 0.001) with CTCL cells from two of four patients (RIA, mean +/- SD = 519 +/- 113 cpm). The binding of BE2 to normal mononuclear cells was indistinguishable from background (309 +/- 38 cpm). BE2 also reacted with an antigen present on EBV-B-cell lines (RIA, mean +/- SD = 654 +/- 194) and MOLT 3 and HUT 78 T-cell lines. BE2 reacted with an antigen expressed on a subpopulation of lymphocytes from five of eight patients with B-cell CLL studied by IIF (mean +/- SD = 18 +/- 6). Other long-term T-cell lines and tumor cell lines studied by IIF were unreactive with BE2. BE2 did not react with any of the normal tissues studied. BE2 precipitated a molecule (78,000 D) from CTCL cells and EBV-B cells with a single component under reducing conditions. Immunoperoxidase-labeled BE1 and BE2 reacted with CTCL cells in frozen sections of infiltrated lymph nodes and skin. In addition, BE1 and BE2 reacted with blood lymphocytes from 16 of 21 patients whose CTCL had otherwise been considered localized to skin. These two monoclonal antibodies react with tumor antigens associated with CTCL and appear to be useful in the diagnosis of this disorder. PMID- 6217215 TI - Physiologic cardiac hypertrophy corrects contractile protein abnormalities associated with pathologic hypertrophy in rats. AB - To evaluate the combined effects of cardiac overload imposed by hypertension and by chronic exercise, male and female rats were made hypertensive by unilateral renal artery stenoses and made to exercise in an 8-10-wk swimming program. Sedentary normotensive animals, sedentary hypertensive animals and normotensive animals exposed to the swimming program were also studied. Hypertension was associated with the development of cardiac hypertrophy, and this was exaggerated in hypertensive swimmers. Actomyosin, Ca2+-myosin, and actin-activated Mg2+ myosin ATPase activities were enhanced in normotensive swimmers, depressed in hypertensives and were normal or increased in hypertensive swimmers. Myosin isoenzyme analysis showed a predominant V1 pattern in normals; an increase in percent V1 isoenzyme is swimmers; a predominant V3 pattern in hypertensives; and a return to the predominant V1 pattern in hypertensive swimmers. These findings suggest that the hypertrophy imposed by hypertension and hypertrophy imposed by physical training using a chronic swimming program are distinctly different biological phenomena. Physical training by swimming prevents the changes in cardiac myosin induced by hypertension despite the exaggeration of hypertrophy. PMID- 6217216 TI - Immunomodulatory effect of procainamide in man. Inhibition of human suppressor T cell activity in vitro. AB - Procainamide (PA) induces the production of a number of autoantibodies in a high proportion of treated individuals and in some a syndrome closely resembling systemic lupus erythematosus. The mechanism underlying this action of PA is unclear. To examine the possibility that PA might induce autoantibody formation by altering normal immunoregulatory mechanisms, the action of this drug on an in vitro model of antibody formation in man was examined. PA was found to augment the generation of immunoglobulin-secreting cells (ISC) from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBM) in response to pokeweed mitogen but had no effect on pokeweed mitogen-induced tritiated thymidine incorporation. When purified populations of B and T cells were used, PA enhanced the generation of ISC in B cell cultures supported by untreated T cells but not by T cells treated with mitomycin C. These results indicate that PA augmented B-cell responses by inhibiting suppressor T-cell activity and not by augmenting helper T-cell or B cell function. N-Acetyl-procainamide had no effect on the generation of ISC in this system. The effect of PA on concanavalin A (Con A)-induced suppressor cell activity was also examined to determine whether PA altered the generation or expression of suppressor T-cell function. PBM were cultured with 30 microgram/ml of Con A for 48 h to generate suppressor cells. When these were co-cultured with fresh PBM, the number of ISC generated was decreased by 58.1 +/- 3.4% (mean +/- SEM, n = 6). Cells that had been similarly incubated without Con A were not inhibitory. The addition of PA to the Con A-stimulated cultures inhibited the generation of suppressor cells as indicated by the fact that the response of fresh cells co-cultured with the Con A-stimulated cells was diminished by only 27.2 +/- 4.3%. In this system too, N-acetyl-procaimamide had no effect. By contrast, adding PA only to the co-culture of Con A-stimulated cells with fresh PBM had a less marked effect on suppressor cell function. These results indicate that the major action of PA is to inhibit the generation of suppressor T-cell activity. Such an effect may explain the capacity of this agent to induce autoantibody formation in treated individuals. PMID- 6217217 TI - Crossed-quadrant homonymous hemianopsia. The "checkerboard" field defect. AB - A 70-year-old man with a history of hypertension and coronary artery disease suffered an abrupt loss of vision in June 1980. Neuro-ophthalmologic examination in August 1981 revealed 20/20+ acuity in both eyes, but quantitative perimetry disclosed a classic crossed-quadrant homonymous hemianopsia. This is known as the "checkerboard" visual field defect; a right upper quadrantanopsia as well as a left lower quadrantanopsia. A review of the eight previously reported cases is presented. A trial with "checkerboard" Fresnel prisms gave only a slight improvement in ambient field in this patient. The significance of that point is discussed. To our knowledge, this is the first patient with a "checkerboard" occipital lobe infarction pattern documented by computed tomography. PMID- 6217218 TI - Complications of retrobulbar marcaine injection. AB - Respiratory arrest following retrobulbar marcaine injection has been described with increasing frequency. The following case reports document the occurrence and provide some insight to its management. A possible solution to the problem is suggested. PMID- 6217219 TI - Sudden visual loss and a chiasmal syndrome due to an intrachiasmatic vascular malformation. AB - A 48-year-old woman presented with a chief complaint of visual loss and bitemporal hemianopia. A similar episode of temporal visual field loss had occurred 34 months earlier and spontaneously resolved. Computerized tomography demonstrated a suprasellar mass. Angiography was normal. At surgery a venous angioma of the optic chiasm with a fresh hematoma was found and removed. Intrachiasmatic vascular malformation is an unusual finding which should be considered in the differential diagnosis in patients with a chiasmal syndrome. PMID- 6217220 TI - Carotid artery aneurysm simulating pituitary adenoma. AB - We describe a case of a giant carotid artery aneurysm presenting as an intrasellar mass with suprasellar extension, with radiographic and endocrinologic findings suggestive of pituitary tumor. This case emphasizes that elevated prolactin is not specific for prolactinoma. This case also supports consideration of angiography before proceeding with transsphenoidal surgery for presumed pituitary adenoma. PMID- 6217221 TI - Ischemic optic neuropathy associated with Crohn's disease. AB - A 24-year-old man with Crohn's disease suffered bilateral ischemic optic neuropathy following the resolution of an episode of "uveitis." Additional findings of corneal infiltrates, vitritis, retinovascular sheathing, and arthritis suggest an inflammatory basis for his ischemic optic neuropathy. Vasculitis as an extraintestinal manifestation of inflammatory bowel disease is a possible etiology. To our knowledge, the association of ischemic optic neuropathy and inflammatory bowel disease has not been previously reported. PMID- 6217222 TI - Optic disc changes with intracranial subarachnoid cysts. AB - We have recently encountered two patients who presented with ophthalmoscopically unusual optic disc changes, and who were found to have intracranial subarachnoid cysts. The discs appeared chronically swollen, had microtelangiectatic vessels on the surface and leaked fluorescein. This report documents unusual swollen discs in patients with no clinical evidence of increased intracranial pressure yet who are found to have intracranial subarachoid cysts by computed tomography. PMID- 6217223 TI - Ocular bobbing and unilateral pontine hemorrhage. Report of a case. PMID- 6217225 TI - Floccular inhibition of the vestibulo-ocular reflex in man. AB - The vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) plays a major role in ocular motility. Stimulation of each semicircular canal produces excitation of a specific extraocular muscle and inhibition of its antagonist in each eye. Floccular inhibition of the VOR has been extensively studied in the rabbit. Inhibitory projections from floccular Purkinje cells reach the ipsilateral vestibular nucleus via the restiform body and selectively control certain VORs. We examined the ocular functions in a patient with a lateral lower pontine infarct that included the restiform body. The patient exhibited unilateral, selective disinhibition of the VOR manifested by disconjugate upward rotatory drift of the eyes at the end of lateral eye movement towards the side of the lesion. He had marked directional preponderance on caloric testing. The same underlying mechanism which produced the biased VOR also appeared to affect target position determination in fast eye movements, resulting in lateropulsion of saccades and asymmetric OKNs. This is the first clinical case supporting the theory of selective cerebellar inhibition of the VOR. PMID- 6217224 TI - Orbital echinococcosis. Report of two cases studied by computerized tomography. AB - Two cases of orbital echinococcus cysts studied by computed tomography are presented. Incidence of orbital hydatidosis in Turkey is reported. Computed tomographic findings of orbital hydatid cysts are reviewed and summarized. Medial displacement of the orbital plate of the ethmoid bone is emphasized as a frequent finding in the reported cases. PMID- 6217226 TI - Downbeat nystagmus with phenytoin. AB - Downbeat nystagmus is generally the result of a structural lesion at the craniocervical junction. It has rarely been reported as a manifestation of metabolic disease or drug intoxication. We observed two patients with downbeat nystagmus secondary to phenytoin (Dilantin) intoxication. Both individuals had other features of phenytoin-induced central nervous system dysfunction with toxic blood levels of the drug (greater than 20 micrograms/ml). Complete resolution of the downbeat nystagmus followed the return of phenytoin levels to the therapeutic range. PMID- 6217227 TI - Neuro-anatomical feature photo. PMID- 6217228 TI - Omphalocele in limb/body wall deficiency syndrome: atypical sonographic appearance. PMID- 6217229 TI - Eccrine hidrocystomas. AB - Little has been written about eccrine hidrocystomas since the condition was first described in 1893. This paper presents a "classic" case of this disorder, and reviews current knowledge about clinical and histologic features. New information concerning the etiology, histochemistry, and electron microscopy of eccrine hidrocystomas is presented, as well as the first description of an effective, safe, and rational method of treatment. PMID- 6217230 TI - Hypersensitivity to Sta-Lok and Loctite anaerobic sealants. AB - Three cases of allergic contact hypersensitivity to Sta-Lok and Loctite anaerobic sealants are reported. These two anaerobic sealants constitute a +100 million annual market in industrial sealants used to join metal surfaces together. To the best of my knowledge, these are the first reported cases of allergic contact hypersensitivity to these agents. PMID- 6217231 TI - Erythrodermic bullous pemphigoid or erythrodermic psoriasis and bullous pemphigoid? PMID- 6217232 TI - Uptake of 99mTc-methylene disphosphonate in calcinosis cutis. PMID- 6217233 TI - The roles of native milk proteinase and its zymogen during proteolysis in normal bovine milk. AB - Proteolysis was measured quantitatively in normal bulk milk, either raw, pasteurized or heated (95 degrees C, 15 min). During incubation at 37 degrees C for 24 h, about 0.7 mM of peptide bonds were split in raw milk, and 1.8 mM after activation of the zymogen with urokinase. The same values were observed in pasteurized milk, and no significant activity was present in heated milk. When compared with a commercial plasmin preparation, these levels correspond to about 1.4 and 3.6 micrograms/ml of plasmin respectively. Most of this activity was separated in the micellar fraction, and it was suppressed by addition of soyabean trypsin inhibitor (SBTI). The remaining activity in the serum phase was not inhibited by SBTI and gave a rather non-specific breakdown with few well-defined casein fragments being produced. Upon further incubation, after the first 24 h, the activity increased, indicating that activation of the zymogen (plasminogen) occurred spontaneously. The rate of this activation was independent of the addition of more plasminogen and was higher in pasteurized than in raw milk. In pasteurized milk, all the native milk proteinase was in the form of the zymogen at the time of secretion. beta-Casein was the preferred substrate for the milk proteinase (plasmin) and produced gamma-caseins and proteose-peptone components 5 and 8-fast; other fragments were clearly visible on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and included degradation products of alpha-sl-casein. The formation of all these fragments was enhanced by addition of urokinase alone, or of plasminogen and urokinase, or by increasing the incubation time. They were also produced by incubating the micellar fraction alone, but not the serum fraction. Additional fragments were produced when porcine plasmin was added presumably due to differences in specificity between the porcine and bovine enzymes or to contaminating enzymes. Proteolysis induced by additions of plasminogen alone, or of plasminogen plus urokinase, was closer to that observed for the native milk proteinase, and must be recommended for future work in which it is desired to enhance the level of proteinase without altering breakdown patterns, unless a very pure bovine plasmin is available. PMID- 6217234 TI - Qualitative and quantitative determination of proteolysis in mastitic milks. AB - Proteolytic activity in mastitic skim-milk was often 5-10 fold higher than in normal milk, its level being related to somatic cell count but not precisely correlated with it. In milks with the highest levels of activity plasmin accounted for about one third of the total proteinase. A further third was sedimented with the micellar fraction together with the plasmin, but unlike plasmin, was not inhibited by addition of soyabean trypsin inhibitor (SBTI). The final third remained in the serum phase. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) showed that alpha-sl- and beta-caseins were degraded at about the same overall rate. The plasmin produced the usual readily identified fragments from beta-casein, but incubation of mastitic milk also produced changes in patterns in the gamma-casein region differing from plasmin-induced changes, which were also apparent when the micellar fraction was incubated. As they were inhibited by SBTI, a second trypsin-like enzyme in addition to plasmin may also have been present. Other proteinase(s) not inhibited by SBTI was also associated with casein micelles and produced at least 3 characteristic protein fragments seen on PAGE. The serum phase proteinase(s) was likewise not inhibited by SBTI, and did not produce any well-defined electrophoretic bands, suggesting a rather non specific breakdown of caseins. After separation of mastitic whole milk, a considerable proportion of the proteolytic activity was found in the cream phase. The proportion was enhanced by freezing and thawing, and the enzyme appeared to be identical to the SBTI-resistant micellar proteinase. Because of the considerable proteolysis likely to occur under the time and temperature conditions involved, our results may provide some explanation for the problems encountered in cheesemaking with mastitic milks (e.g. yield losses, poor curd strength and off-flavour development). PMID- 6217235 TI - [Fissure sealant]. PMID- 6217236 TI - Lymphocytic response to basal-cell carcinoma: in situ identification of functional subsets using monoclonal antibodies. PMID- 6217237 TI - Immunodeficiency disease and implications for dental treatment. PMID- 6217238 TI - Cytofluorographic analysis of pokeweed mitogen-stimulated human peripheral blood cells in culture: age-related characteristics. AB - By use of monoclonal antibodies and flow cytometry techniques, peripheral blood mononuclear cells from young (20-30 years) and elderly (70+ years) subjects were analyzed before and after culture with pokeweed mitogen to gain insight into the cellular interactions responsible for the decreased B cell response observed in culture samples from the elderly. Data analysis of surface immunoglobulin positive cells demonstrated no difference in the percentage of B cells in the elderly, while both plaque-forming cell and intracytoplasmic immunoglobulin assays showed significantly reduced B cell maturation (P = less than 0.01) compared with young controls. The B cell defect was shown to be functional and not a result of failure to proliferate and survive during incubation. Surface marker analysis of T cell subpopulations demonstrated a definite shift (P = less than 0.01) in the helper/suppressor T cell ratio in cultured samples from the elderly group (3.9) compared with young subjects (1.2). In addition to the absolute increase in the helper T cell population, forward-angle light scatter analysis demonstrated that, compared with young controls, a greater portion of the helper T cell population in the elderly subjects had characteristics of activated, blast-sized cells. The data reported in this study suggest that in the elderly group there is a functional immunoregulatory imbalance in the helper T cell subset. PMID- 6217239 TI - Effect of food restriction, dehydroepiandrosterone, or obesity on the binding of 3H-7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene to mouse skin DNA. AB - This study was undertaken to determine whether a reduction in body weight in laboratory mice by regimens that appear to delay the rate of aging (i.e., food restriction and chronic dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) treatment), or a production of obesity by the presence of the ob (obese) gene or by gold thioglucose-induced hyperphagia alter the rate of binding of 3H-7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (3H DMBA) to mouse skin deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). We have found that treating A/J mice with food containing .6% DHEA for 10 weeks or reducing the food intake of non-DHEA treated mice to 60% of ad libitum fed animals significantly reduces the amount of 3H-DMBA bound to mouse skin DNA 12 hours after a topical application of the carcinogen. Conversely, A/J mice made obese by a gold thioglucose-induced hyperphagia and C57BL/6J mice with the ob mutation bind significantly increased amounts of 3H-DMBA to skin DNA when compared to their nonobese counterparts. PMID- 6217240 TI - [Laparoscopic tubal sterilisation using Yoon's rings. The technique and psychological effects]. AB - So long as certain contra-indications are observed it had been found that the application of Yoon's rings in the isthmial region of the fallopian tube is an efficient way of sterilising women. It is easy and devoid of major operative or post-operative complications. The authors report 245 cases that were treated in a University Hospital Centre. This technique had been particularly well received from the psychological aspect, as has been shown by an enquiry that we conducted between 6 and 48 months after the procedure in patients in this study. PMID- 6217241 TI - Susceptibility status of Mesocyclops leuckarti (Claus) to synthetic insecticides under laboratory conditions. PMID- 6217242 TI - Regulatory mechanisms in cytotoxic T lymphocyte development. I. A suppressor T cell subset that regulates the proliferative stage of CTL development. AB - The alloantigen-induced suppressor function of cells from 3-day mixed leukocyte culture (MLC) was studied. These cells, when co-cultured with normal syngeneic lymphocytes and cells of the same haplotype as the original inducing alloantigen, inhibited the generation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL). Suppression was mediated by a radiation-resistant Lyt-2+ T cell. The suppressor T cells appeared to act by inhibiting the clonal expansion of CTL precursors in the responder cell population, determined by limiting dilution analysis. Levels of endogenous interleukin 2 (IL 2) in co-cultures with suppressor T cells were diminished, and the addition of exogenous IL 2 to co-cultures cancelled the suppressor T cell effects. The suppressor cell population was shown to be capable of absorbing IL 2 from lymphokine preparations, and in contrast to mitogen-induced suppressor T cells, after exposure to IL 2 the allostimulated suppressor T cell remains active. The results are discussed in terms of possible modes of action of the suppressor T cell. PMID- 6217243 TI - In vivo development of cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTL) to hapten-altered self: MIs disparate cells facilitate the response by neutralizing IL 2 inhibitor. AB - Inability to develop CTL in vivo to hapten-altered self can be attributed in part to an inhibitor of interleukin 2 (IL 2) that is present in the serum of normal mice. We have shown earlier that hapten-specific CTL can be generated in C3H mice (H-2k, MIsc) provided CBA/J (H-2k MIsd) spleen cells are injected simultaneously with hapten-modified syngeneic spleen cells into the hind foot paws. In efforts to determine whether serum levels of the inhibitor of IL 2 are altered as a consequence of this successful immunization method, we have compared the activity of the inhibitor in serum at intervals after the injection of syngeneic spleen cells, CBA spleen cells, or TNP-C3H spleen cells alone or together with CBA spleen cells, by using a murine IL 2-dependent, cloned cytotoxic T cell line, CT 6. The results indicate that inhibitor was neutralized optimally 48 to 72 hr after injection of TNP-C3H spleen cells mixed with CBA/J spleen cells. The order in which neutralization occurred was as follows: TNP-C3H cells + CBA/J cells greater than CBA cells greater than TNP-C3H cells greater than normal C3H spleen cells. Furthermore, supernatants from cultures of C3H lymph node cells stimulated in vivo with CBA/J cells also contained IL 2 activity. Thus, injection of CBA/J cells with TNP-modified syngeneic spleen cells produces IL 2 in vivo in sufficient quantity to neutralize the activity of the inhibitor as well as to facilitate the maturation of pre-CTL into hapten-altered self-specific CTL. PMID- 6217244 TI - Expression of cell surface antigens by suppressor T cell hybridomas. I. Comparison of phenotype and function. AB - The phenotypic expression of cell surface markers by T cell hybridomas that elaborate suppressor factors specific for the polymers L-glutamic acid60-L alanine30-L-tyrosine10 (GAT) or L-glutamic acid50-L-tyrosine50 (GT) has been analyzed. We found that determinants encoded by the I-J subregion of the H-2 complex were borne on the surface of these hybrid cells and on the factors they secrete, whereas I-J determinants were not expressed by the AKR thymoma fusion parent, BW5147. The level of expression of I-J determinants fluctuated widely depending upon culture conditions, but I-J products and other cell surface markers of normal T cells could be quantitatively increased, or induced to appear, by treatment of the hybridomas with chemical agents, such as dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) or phorbol myristate acetate (PMA). In contrast, the surface expression of the viral product gp70 was decreased by the same treatment. Using chemical induction, we typed BW5147, a group of antigen-specific suppressor T cell hybridomas, and two control hybridomas for expression of I-J, Thy-1, Lyt, and H-2K alloantigens. Also, a haplotype-specific hybridoma that produces an antigen-nonspecific factor was analyzed. The results demonstrated that BW5147 failed to express I-J or Lyt alloantigens but expressed Thy-1.1 and H-2Kk gene products. The pattern of expression of these antigens by T cell hybridomas was very complex, but three conclusions could be drawn: 1) Good correlation exists between the expression of certain I-J determinants and the ability of T cell hybridomas to produce suppressor factor. 2) The expression of Thy-1, Lyt, or H 2Kk determinants is variable, and no correlation was found between expression of these antigens and the ability to produce active suppressor factors. 3) I-Jk products contributed by the AKR thymoma fusion partner are expressed by T cell hybridomas. PMID- 6217245 TI - Functional differentiation in the genetic control of murine T lymphocyte responses to human fibrinopeptide B. AB - The ability to generate proliferative and helper T lymphocyte responses in mice was compared by using the 14 amino acid peptide, human fibrinopeptide B (hFPB). Lymph node or peritoneal exudate T cells from mice immunized with hFPB were assessed for in vitro proliferation to soluble hFPB as determined by the uptake of 3H-thymidine. The T cell proliferative response to hFPB was found to be under MHC-linked Ir gene control; mice possessing the H-2a,k haplotypes were responders, whereas H-2b,d,q,s mice were nonresponders. The influence of non-H-2 genes on these responses was not investigated, so exclusive regulation by H-2 is provisional. The absence of a detectable lymph node and peritoneal exudate T cell proliferative response persisted in H-2b,d,q,s mice after immunization and boosting with several doses of hFPB. In addition, the capacity to produce a T cell proliferative response was inherited in an autosomal dominant manner and gene(s) controlling responsiveness to hFPB mapped to the I-A subregion of the H-2 complex. To measure peptide-specific helper T cell activity, an in vitro microculture assay in which hFPB-primed lymph node T cells and normal spleen B cells and macrophages were used was developed measuring anti-fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) IgM and IgG plaque-forming cell (PFC) responses after culture with FITC-conjugated peptide. Immunization of B10.BR, C57BL/10, B10.D2, and B6AF mice with hFPB primed for significant helper T cell activity as assessed by the ability to augment a primary in vitro IgM response to FITC. The normal B cell IgM responses were completely dependent on hFPB-primed T cells and required that hapten (FITC) and carrier (peptide) be linked. In addition, immunization with FITC-conjugated peptide elicited positive in vivo PFC responses to FITC in B10.BR and C57BL/10 mice, indicating similar genetic control of helper activity in both the intact animals and the in vitro microcultures. Thus, B10.BR mice show both T help and T proliferative responses to hFPB, whereas C57BL/10 mice show only T help and no T proliferative responses. In contrast to B10.BR mice, C3H and CBA mice immunized with hFPB were completely unresponsive when assayed for helper T cell activity in vitro despite their ability to generate positive lymph node T cell proliferative responses. These results indicate responsiveness to hFPB by T helper and proliferating cells is different and is under separate genetic control. PMID- 6217246 TI - IgE-binding factors from mouse T lymphocytes. I. Formation of IgE-binding factors by stimulation with homologous IgE and interferon. AB - Incubation of normal mouse spleen cells with homologous IgE resulted in the formation of soluble factors that inhibited rosette formation of mouse Fc epsilon R+ cells with IgE-coated ox erythrocytes. The soluble factors could be absorbed with mouse or rat IgE coupled to Sepharose and recovered from the beads by acid elution. However, the factors had no affinity for either human IgE or mouse IgG. The IgE-binding factors were derived from T cells. Production of the factors required Lyt1+ T cells and Fc gamma R+ cells, which suggests that the factors are derived from Fc gamma R+ Lyt 1+ T cells. The molecular size of IgE-binding factors was approximately 15,000 daltons. When IgE-binding factors were formed by BALB/c spleen cells, nearly one-half of the factors had affinity for lentil lectin, and the remaining half of the factors failed to bind to the lectin. The proportion of the two species of IgE-binding factors differed depending on mouse strains. The majority of the factors formed by B6D2F1 spleen cells had affinity for lentil lectin, but those formed by SJL spleen cells failed to bind to the lectin. The IgE-binding factors were also induced by incubation of normal spleen cells with polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (pI:pC). The nucleotide stimulated splenic adherent cells to form "inducers" of IgE-binding factors, which in turn induced normal lymphocytes to form IgE-binding factors. The inducers of IgE binding factors were inactivated (or neutralized) by antibodies specific for mouse Type I interferon. It was also found that purified mouse beta interferon could induce the formation of IgE-binding factors. IgE-binding factors induced by pI:pC consisted of two different molecules: one had a m.w. of 15,000 daltons, and another had a m.w. of between 40,000 and 60,000 daltons. PMID- 6217247 TI - Phenotypic characteristics of peripheral blood T cells regulating colony growth by nontransformed human B lymphocytes. AB - The phenotypic characteristics of peripheral blood T cell subpopulations regulating human B cell colony growth stimulated by Staph protein A were investigated. Colony growth was facilitated by OKT4 cells, and T cells expressing DR antigens were found to be partially responsible for colony facilitation. A linear increase in the magnitude of colony growth was observed with greater T cell numbers, and maximal colony enhancement occurred when T cells were present during the early stages of colony formation. OKT8 cells did not enhance colony growth and also inhibited the facilitation of colony formation by OKT4 cells. Other experiments showed that the functional activities of OKT4 and OKT8 cells differed in their requirements for DNA synthesis. Although active T cell DNA synthesis was absolutely required for the facilitation of colony growth at all concentrations tested, DNA synthesis was not needed for OKT8 inhibition of OKT4 promotion of colony formation. Thus, distinct T cell subsets whose functional properties differ in their requirements for DNA synthesis regulate human colony growth. PMID- 6217248 TI - IgG subclass expression by human B lymphocytes and plasma cells: B lymphocytes precommitted to IgG subclass can be preferentially induced by polyclonal mitogens with T cell help. AB - The human IgG subclasses expressed by circulating B lymphocytes, tissue plasma cells, and plasma cells generated from B cell precursors in response to the polyclonal mitogens LPS and PWM were examined by immunofluorescence using subclass-specific monoclonal antibodies. The subclass distribution observed for circulating B lymphocytes was IgG2 (48%) greater than IgG1 (40%) greater than IgG3 (8%) greater than IgG4 (1%), while the distribution among IgG plasma cells in bone marrow, blood, spleen, and tonsils was IgG1 (64%) greater than IgG2 (26%) greater than IgG3 (8%) greater than IgG4 (1%). Multiple IgG isotypes were not observed on B cells or in plasma cells. Although IgG plasma cell responses to both LPS and PWM were T cell dependent, the distributions of IgG subclasses elicited were strikingly different. In control and LPS-stimulated cultures of blood mononuclear cells, the induced plasma cells expressed the IgG subclass distribution: IgG2 greater than 80%, IgG1 less than 20%, IgG3 less than 1%, IgG4 less than 1%. In PWM-stimulated cultures, the subclass distribution, IgG1 approximately 65%, IgG2 approximately 25%, IgG3 approximately 7%, IgG4 approximately 1%, was in perfect concordance with the in vivo subclass distribution of IgG plasma cells. Selective inhibition of suppressor T cell activity by x-irradiation and mitomycin C treatment did not alter the IgG subclass distribution pattern induced by LPS and PWM. Monoclonal antibodies were used to deplete selectively the B cell precursors bearing IgG1, IgG2, or IgG3 before PWM stimulation of blood mononuclear cells. In each instance, a reduction was observed only in the subpopulation of plasma cells producing the homologous IgG subclass. The results indicate that T cells can preferentially influence the terminal differentiation of B cells that are precommitted to different IgG subclasses. PMID- 6217249 TI - Functional subsets of human monocytes defined by monoclonal antibodies: a distinct subset of monocytes contains the cells capable of inducing the autologous mixed lymphocyte culture. AB - The induction of most immune responses requires the close cooperation between T cells and antigen-presenting cells (APC), presumably of monocyte/macrophage (M phi) lineage. To characterize human APC further, we used two monoclonal antibodies, OKM1 and OKM5, to isolate and identify M phi subsets. OKM1 has been described and recognizes cell surface antigens on most M phi and granulocytes. OKM5 recognizes cell surface determinants present on the majority of human M phi but does not recognize other hematopoietic cell types. A small subset of peripheral blood M phi is OKM1-OKM5+. Human peripheral blood E- cells were separated into OKM1+ and OKM1- subsets by a rosetting technique utilizing anti-Ig coated red cells. The capacity to present self antigens in the autologous mixed lymphocyte culture (AMLC) resided predominantly within the E-OKM1- subset, even if surface membrane Ig-positive cells were eliminated. Similar experiments showed that the ability to stimulate in AMLC was contained in the E-OKM5+ population and in fact resided primarily within the E-OKM1-OKM5+ subset. All of these subsets were able to trigger allogeneic T cells to proliferate. The capacity of these APC subsets to present soluble antigens (mumps, tetanus toxoid) was also examined. The data demonstrated that although the majority of these APC are E-OKM1+, E-OKM1 OKM5+ cells can also present foreign antigen. Taken together, these data suggest OKM1 and OKM5 can be used to isolate two functionally distinct human M phi subsets. One subset (E-OKM1+) is capable of presenting soluble antigens but shows minimal ability to trigger AMLC. The other subset (E-OKM1-OKM5+) can also present soluble antigens but is the predominant subset that can trigger AMLC. PMID- 6217250 TI - Cellular interactions in marrow-grafted patients. I. Impairment of cell-mediated lympholysis associated with graft-vs-host disease and the effect of interleukin 2. AB - Forty patients with hematologic malignancy or aplastic anemia were given allogeneic marrow after conditioning with high-dose cyclophosphamide alone or in combination with total body irradiation. Between 28 and 3857 days after transplantation, their peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes were tested for reactivity in indirect cell-mediated lympholysis against normal leukocytes from unrelated individuals, and the results were compared to those with cells from their healthy marrow donors. An impairment of cell-mediated lympholysis was found with cells from most patients with acute and chronic graft-vs-host disease (GVHD) whereas cells from most short-term and long-term patients without GVHD had cell mediated lympholysis reactivity comparable to that of cells from the marrow donors. When interleukin 2 was added to the mixed leukocyte cultures during the sensitization phase, the impaired cell-mediated immunity of cells from most short term patients with acute GVHD, but not that of cells from most patients with chronic GHVD, could be restored to normal levels. These results suggest the impairment of cell-mediated immunity seen in cells of short-term patients with acute GVHD is attributable to helper cell defects or to ineffective communication between antigen-presenting cells and helper T cells. The impairment in cell mediated immunity seen in patients with chronic GVHD, however, may reside on the effector cells (or their precursors) or may be due to the presence of suppressor cell activity. PMID- 6217251 TI - Effect of cyclosporin A on human lymphocyte responses in vitro. V. Analysis of responding T lymphocyte subpopulations in primary MLR with monoclonal antibodies. PMID- 6217252 TI - Antigens of Ambrosia elatior (short ragweed) pollen. III. Crossed radioimmunoelectrophoresis of ragweed-allergic patients' sera with special attention to quantification of IgE responses. AB - Short ragweed allergenic extract has been studied by means of crossed radioimmunoelectrophoresis (CRIE) with the use of sera from 37 allergic patients and the relevant control sera. In this study 22 of 52 antigens, detectable in crossed immunoelectrophoresis (CIE) against polyspecific rabbit anti-ragweed IgG, were able to bind specific human IgE to their corresponding immunoprecipitates. This binding was semiquantified by comparison with the binding of a standard serum pool. Nine antigens were identified as important allergens, including the previously isolated components, AgE, AgK, and Ra6. Certain allergens (e.g., AgE, AgK, and Ag 31) bound IgE in almost all patients' sera, whereas others showed a bimodal distribution for sera of responder and nonresponder patients. The total CRIE score was found to correlate significantly both with ragweed-specific serum IgE antibody determined by RAST (rs = 0.88; p less than 0.001) and with total IgE level (rs = 0.55; p less than 0.01). Patient's CRIE scores to AgE also correlated significantly with their specific IgE antibody to AgE measured by RIA (r = 0.47; p less than 0.01) and with skin-test sensitivity to AgE (r = 0.44; p less than 0.05). It was concluded that CRIE is well suited for identification of important ragweed allergens without the previous need for laborious isolation procedures. PMID- 6217253 TI - Genetic studies of autoimmunity in New Zealand mice. IV. Contribution of NZB and NZW genes to the spontaneous occurrence of retroviral gp70 immune complexes in (NZB X NZW)F1 hybrid and the correlation to renal disease. AB - We designed a polyethylene glycol precipitation method for detecting retroviral gp70-anti-gp70 immune complexes (gp70 IC) in the circulation of mice. To determine the genetic contribution of NZB and NZW strains to the spontaneous occurrence of circulating gp70 IC in NZB X NZW (B/W)F1 hybrids, we measured these IC in female NZB, NZW, (NZB X NZW)F1 (B/W F1), B/W F1 X NZW backcross, and B/W F1 X NZB backcross mice. The highest amounts of gp70 IC were found in B/W F1 and the lowest in NZW mice, and the order of the average serum levels was B/W F1, B/W F1 X NZB, B/W F1 X NZW, NZB, and NZW. Genetic analyses suggested that two major dominant genes, one from NZB and the other from NZW, are involved in the formation of these gp70 IC. A single dominant gene of NZB strain determines the formation of these IC, and the magnitude is to a great degree modified (intensified) by the NZW gene. In addition, statistical analyses of data obtained in the studies of B/W F1 X NZW backcrosses suggested the presence of one additional dominant NZB gene that also regulates the magnitude of gp70 IC formation in concert with the other NZB gene. Since all these New Zealand mice share a high serum level of free gp70, the formation of gp70 IC represents the gene action on the production of anti-gp70 antibodies. Linkage studies showed that both of the major NZB and NZW genes are loosely linked to the H-2 complex but not to either the Mup-1 or coat color gene loci examined. The incidence of proteinuria correlated well with the serum level of gp70 IC in both B/W F1 X NZW and B/W F1 X NZB backcross mice. PMID- 6217254 TI - Nonspecific inhibitor of DNA synthesis elaborated by T acceptor cells. I. Specific hapten- and I-J-driven liberation of an inhibitor of cell proliferation by Lyt-1-2+ cyclophosphamide-sensitive T acceptor cells armed with a product of Lyt-1+2+-specific suppressor cells. AB - Lyt-1+2+ hapten-specific T suppressor cells (Ts) from mice injected and then painted with picryl or oxazolone derivatives produce hapten-specific T suppressor factors (TsF) in vitro. Stimulation by painting with contact sensitizer (which need not be specific) gives rise to Lyt-1-2+, I-J+, cyclophosphamide-sensitive T acceptor cells (Tacc). When the Tacc population is armed with TsF and then is exposed to specific antigen in the context of I-J-controlled determinants (antigen-presenting, haptenized spleen cells and Ts sharing the same I-J subregion), a nonspecific inhibitor of DNA synthesis (nsINH) appears in the supernatant. This inhibitor suppresses the primary DNA synthetic response to concanavalin A, lipopolysaccharide, and alloantigens in both syngeneic and allogeneic lymphocytes. The nsINH is only effective when added to lymphocyte cultures less than 8 hr after the stimulation with concanavalin A. The nsINH, however, affects neither primary nor secondary cytotoxicity in vitro. These data suggest the mouse immune system is capable of selective regulation of the response to specific antigen by the production of nonspecific soluble suppressor factor(s). PMID- 6217255 TI - Virus-induced immune complex disease: genetic control of C1q binding complexes in the circulation of mice persistently infected with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus. AB - Virus-antibody immune complex formation, deposition, and disease is a common manifestation in most mice persistently infected with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV). Although mice of several strains persistently infected with LCMV mount continuous anti-LCMV immune responses to the three virion structural polypeptides, the amount of antibody(s) made varies among strains. The formation of antibody to LCMV correlates with the detection of C1q binding materials (immune complexes) in the circulation; however, there is no correlation between the total amount of IgG and the C1q binding material. SWR/J mice (H2qq) are high responders (high levels of anti-LCMV antibodies, high C1q binding responses), whereas BALB/W mice (H-2dd) are low responders (low levels of anti-LCMV antibodies, low C1q binding responses). Sera from 37 SWR/J mice, 12 wk of age, bound 55.1% of offered 125I C1q compared to 8.4% for 37 age and sex matched BALB/W mice. SWR/J mice made approximately 60-fold more antibody to LCMV than did BALB/W mice. To define the genetic factors involved, we used the C1q binding assay, high responder and low responder mice, their hybrid offspring, backcrosses of the hybrids to both high and low responder parents, and selected recombinant inbred mouse strains. From studies with BALB/W mice persistently infected with LCMV, we defined low C1q responder mice as those having binding activity of 18.4% or less (BALB/W mean C1q binding value + 2 SD). By using this criteria for 12-wk-old mice, 55/57 (96%) of SWR/J, 27/37 (73%) of F1(SxB or BxS), 13/21 (62%) of qq or 11/20 (55%) qd from F1 x SWR/J, and 6/13 (45%) qd from F1 x BALB/W were high C1q responders. In contrast, none of the 17 dd mice from the F1 x BALB/W cross were high responders. Thus, F1 hybrid mice are high responders (dominant) and data from backcrossing F1 hybrids to either high or low responder parents suggested the complexes associated with C1q binding was controlled by gene(s) in the H-2 complex. Support for the role of Ir gene(s) was provided by experiments showing LCMV persistently infected BALB/kae (H-2 KkIkDk) and recombinant inbred strains B10.A (KkIkDd) and A.TL (KsIkDd) were high C1q responders, whereas B10.A(5R) (KbIbDd) and BALB/cby (KdIdDd) were not. The wide scatter in C1q binding levels observed among C1q high responder mice and the production of C1q binding levels in F1 mice that are intermediate between high and low responder strains suggested that, in addition to H-2-linked genes, other non-H-2-linked genes also play a role in this response. The amount of C1q binding complexes in LCMV persistently infected mouse strains and their crosses was unrelated to the amounts of infectious virus carried in their sera. Despite the low C1q binding by sera of H-2dd mice that originated from mating F1 hybrid (qd) x BALB/WEHI (dd), these mice carried equivalent amounts of infectious virus as their qd littermates or qd and qq mice originated from F1 x SWR/J mice. PMID- 6217256 TI - Common orthopaedic problems of female athletes. PMID- 6217257 TI - Rapid separation of T cell subpopulations with monoclonal antibodies and affinity chromatography. AB - A rapid method for isolation of highly enriched helper and suppressor T cell subsets and their corresponding helper and suppressor cell depleted cell populations is described. The method is based on the binding of monoclonal antibodies to helper and suppressor cells and subsequent affinity chromatography with covalently bound rabbit anti-mouse antibodies. As assessed by indirect immunofluorescence, purity of the enriched subpopulations exceeds 90%, whereas no contamination with helper or suppressor cells is detectable in populations depleted of the respective subsets. The cells isolated by this method show no functional defects in helper and suppressor assays and respond with increased DNA synthesis to stimulation with phytohemagglutinin (PHA) plus 2-mercaptoethanol (2 ME). PMID- 6217258 TI - [Percutaneous renal angioplasty]. AB - Renal angioplasty was performed in twenty hypertensive patients, and good immediate results were obtained in 18 cases. One unsuccessful result was due to insufficient dilatation of a stenosed renal artery, and another from an accident during dissection of the aortic wall in contact with the renal ostium. Repeated dilatation was necessary in two cases following recurrence of stenosis. A high percentage improvement in the hypertension was obtained: 12 cases recovered and there was marked improvement in 4 other patients, treatment being effective, therefore, in 16 of the 20 patients operated upon. The published literature is reviewed, and emphasis placed on the need for treatment by surgeons experienced in angiography examinations, in close collaboration with the medical and surgical team, the later being ready to intervene if the slightest complication of a surgical nature develops. PMID- 6217260 TI - Emergency coronary reperfusion for evolving myocardial infarction. PMID- 6217259 TI - Anti-P. acnes antibody in comedonal extracts. AB - Extracts of comedonal material obtained from patients with acne vulgaris were analyzed for albumin, IgG, IgM, IgA, and anti-Propionibacterium acnes antibodies using immunodiffusion and anti-immunoglobulin hemagglutination tests. Extracts were obtained from comedones of patients with (1) comedonal, (2) papulopustular, (3) nodular-cystic, (4) "burned out" acne, (5) patients under oral tetracycline treatment, and (6) with pustules. In all comedonal extracts analyzed, albumin and IgG (ratio approximately 1:2.5) could be detected. IgM, IgA, and C3 could not be found in noninflamed comedones by the techniques used; pustules, however, contained all immunoglobulin classes and albumin in ratios found in serum as well as C3. The anti-P. acnes antibody activity in the comedonal extracts was associated with the IgG class. Immunofluorescence microscopical examination of material from single comedones obtained by the cyano-acrylate technique showed IgG antibody on rod-shaped bacteria. The amount of IgG and albumin in comedonal extracts from the various patient groups was not different. It is concluded that IgG (and antibody of the IgG class) in comedones is derived from the serum and selectively accumulated in the follicle by an unknown mechanism. PMID- 6217261 TI - Cutaneous drug reactions. PMID- 6217262 TI - [Changes of ADCC activity, IgG Fc receptor-positive T-lymphocytes, and lymphocyte subpopulations in the peripheral blood of pregnant women]. AB - In peripheral blood of human pregnancies at various gestational weeks, we have measured antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) activity by the microtest plate assays with sheep erythrocytes as target cells and population of T-cells bearing Fc receptors for IgG (T gamma-cells) as well as T, B lymphocyte and monocyte subpopulation by double rosette test. Twenty-two healthy adults served as control. The materials were divided into four groups by each 10 weeks period of gestation. The results were as follows: The ADCC activity, the population of T gamma-cells and T-cell subpopulation were significantly depressed as compared to the controls (p less than 0.001) in every period of pregnancy, while the relative number of B-cells was increased gradually from the second period to the term. The percent population of monocytes and double marker cells were increased significantly only in the first period of pregnancy (p less than 0.001). The percent population of null-cells was depressed significantly except the third period (p less than 0.01). PMID- 6217263 TI - [Cellular immunity and its suppressor mechanisms in cervical cancer]. AB - The generation of cytotoxic T cells specific for subtle alterations in autologous cell surfaces accompanied by malignant change is an important effector mechanism in tumor immunity. In 58 patients with cervical cancer, proliferative and cytotoxic responses of T cells were tested after in vitro priming and boosting with trinitrophenyl-modified autologous cells (TNP-self) as a model of tumor cells. The activity of Con A-induced suppressor T cells was also examined in those responses to TNP-self. The results were as follows: 1) Proliferative and cytotoxic responses of T cells significantly decreased in stage II and III. 2) The activity of Con A-induced suppressor T (Ts) cells tended to increase in the advanced stage. 3) Those abnormalities gradually improved after surgical removal of tumor. 4) The generation of TNP-self-specific cytotoxic T (Tc) cells depends on proliferative response, therefore, TNP-self-specific proliferative T cells are presumably helper T (Th) cells. These findings suggest that activated Ts cells may undermine effective Th function, with resulting the depression of Tc function as a tumoricidal immune effector mechanism, and enhance tumor growth. PMID- 6217264 TI - [Change of T gamma, T mu cells and its clinical implications in cervical cancer]. AB - In 58 patients with cervical cancer, T cells bearing Fc receptors for IgG (T gamma) or IgM (T mu) were detected with new simple methods. Helper, cytotoxic and suppressor activity of T gamma and T mu cells were also examined in responses to trinitrophenyl-modified autologous cells. The results were as follows: 1) T gamma cell % increases progressively as the tumor grows. T mu cell % was low (about 40%) in stage I approximately III. 2) In patients with regional lymph node metastasis, T gamma cell % significantly increased (28.7%), by contrast T mu cell % significantly decreased (26.2%). 3) After surgical removal of tumor, T gamma cell % fell rapidly to normal range, whereas a tendency to increase gradually was shown in T mu cell %. 4) Most suppressor activity was confined to T gamma cells. Helper and cytotoxic activity were mainly generated from T mu cells. These findings suggest that T gamma and T mu cell % may reflect not only the presence and progress of tumor but also activities of T cell subsets and that it would provide clinically useful information to assess changes of T gamma and T mu cells. PMID- 6217265 TI - [Topological distribution of the masticatory muscle spindles in some ungulates and the proprioceptive significance in mastication]. PMID- 6217266 TI - Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty. The treatment of stenotic or occluded iliac arteries. PMID- 6217267 TI - Transluminal angioplasty in the treatment of renovascular hypertension. PMID- 6217268 TI - Abrogation of in vitro suppressor cell activity in adult common variable hypogammaglobulinemia after TP5 treatment. AB - TP5, a pentapeptide containing the active site of thymopoietin, was administered to five adult patients with CVH subcutaneously three times weekly for periods of 3 to 5 months. No significant consistent changes in lymphocyte cell surface markers or serum immunoglobulin levels were recorded; however, three of the five patients showed apparent partial reversal of in vitro suppressor T cell activity. In two of these three patients, initial skin test anergy showed temporary reversal during TP5 treatment. Two patients also showed an increase in ability of their B cells to synthesize lg in vitro when co-cultured with autologous or isologous T cells from normal donors. These changes did not persist after withdrawal of TP5 treatment. PMID- 6217269 TI - Studies with electro-acupuncture. PMID- 6217270 TI - Endodontic Rx for the von Willebrand patient. PMID- 6217271 TI - Cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses in allogeneic radiation bone marrow chimeras. The chimeric host strictly dictates the self-repertoire of Ia-restricted T cells but not H-2K/D-restricted T cells. AB - The present report has used fully H-2 allogeneic radiation bone marrow chimeras to assess the role of host restriction elements in determining the self specificity of Ia- and H-2K/D-restricted T cells that participate in the generation of trinitrophenyl (TNP)-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL). It was demonstrated that there exists a stringent requirement for the recognition of host thymic-type Ia determinants, but there exists only a preference for host thymic-type H-2K/D determinants. Indeed, once the stringent requirement for recognition of host Ia determinants was fulfilled, anti-TNP CTL were generated in response to TNP-modified stimulators that expressed either donor-type or host type H-2K/D determinants. The CTL that were generated in response to TNP-modified donor-type stimulators were shown to be specific for TNP and restricted to the non-thymic H-2K/D determinants of the chimeric donor. Thus, these results demonstrate in a single immune response that the thymic hypothesis accurately predicts the self-specificity expressed by Ia-restricted T cells, but does not fully account for the self-specificity expressed by H-2K/D-restricted T cells. These results are consistent with the concept that H-2K/D-restricted T cells, but not Ia-restricted T cells, can differentiate into functional competence either intrathymically or extra-thymically. The present results are also informative for understanding the cellular interactions that are required for the generation of antigen-specific CTL responses. The Ia-restricted T cells that are required for the generation of H-2K/D-restricted anti-TNP CTL were shown to be helper T (TH) cells since (a) like TH cells functioning in antibody responses, they were specific for Ia determinants expressed by accessory cells, and (b) their function could be replaced by either TNP-primed, irradiated TH cells or by nonspecific soluble helper factors. It was also shown that the T-T cell interaction between Ia-restricted TH cells and H-2K/D-restricted precursor CTL (pCTL) is not Ia restricted. Rather, the results demonstrate that the generation of anti-TNP CTL responses involve two parallel sets of major histocompatibility complex restricted cell interactions, an Ia-restricted TH-accessory cell interaction required for TH cell activation, and an H-2K/D-restricted pCTL-stimulator cell interaction required for pCTL stimulation. The interaction between activated TH cells and stimulated pCTL is mediated, at least in part, by nonspecific soluble helper factors. PMID- 6217272 TI - Induction of Ia antigen in rat epidermal cells and gut epithelium by immunological stimuli. AB - The expression of Ia antigen in rat keratinocytes and gut epithelium was found to be inducible by a variety of immunological stimuli. Graft-vs.-host disease (GvHD) was accompanied by the appearance of Ia antigen in both sites, whereas local immunological stimuli, such as a contact-sensitizing agent applied to the skin and Trichinella spiralis infection of the gut, caused the expression of Ia antigen confined to the sites of contact of these stimuli with the tissues involved. Both T helper and T cytotoxic/suppressor subsets of parental lymphocytes, used to produce GvHD in F1 hybrid recipients, induce Ia expression in the skin and gut of these hosts, but simultaneous removal of both subsets from the donor inocula prevented induction. The Ia antigen expression associated with GvHD was shown to be of host origin but was not acquired from bone marrow-derived cells. Attempts to detect Ia antigen in serum or lymph of rats with GvHD gave negative results, and it was shown that Ia+ cells in the lamina propria of the small intestine did not take up detectable amounts of Ia antigen from the Ia+ intestinal epithelium. It appears that the local recognition of antigen by T lymphocytes can result in the induction of Ia antigen in keratinocytes and in the epithelial cells of the intestine. This antigen is synthesized by the cells in which it is found, and the observation that immunological stimuli are responsible for its appearance suggests that its role is an immunological one. Failure to find evidence that the gut epithelium Ia antigen was transferred to lymph or taken up by other Ia+ cells in the intestinal villi supports the view that this Ia (and, by analogy, that found in keratinocytes) serves a local function, and the possibility that it is involved in antigen presentation to T cells is discussed. PMID- 6217273 TI - Isolation of the receptor for IgG from a human monocyte cell line (U937) and from human peripheral blood monocytes. AB - The Fc receptors for IgG from a human monocyte line (U937) and from highly purified human peripheral blood monocytes were solubilized, purified, and partially characterized. Both sources of cells gave indistinguishable results. Two molecules (or sets of molecules), one of about 72,000 mol wt and the other of 40,000-43,000 mol wt were discerned on autoradiograms of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-polyacrylamide gels analyzing acid eluates from Sepharose-IgG columns over which detergent lysates of radioiodinated cells had been passed. The larger of the two molecules, p72, accounted for greater than or equal to 90% of the radioactivity. This component was noted to be heterodisperse both by size on SDS gels and by charge on isoelectric focusing gels. The charge heterogeneity, being virtually eliminated by neuraminidase and tunicamycin, was probably due to variable glycosylation. Several lines of evidence indicated that p72 is probably all or part of the Fc receptor: (a) radiolabeling of this molecule using chloroglycouril was blocked by IgG of the Fc receptor; (b) in soluble form this molecule expressed ligand specificity identical to the in situ receptor; (c) the molecule was not recovered from affinity adsorbants bearing proteins that do not bind to the Fc receptors, nor (d) from a human T cell line that does not bear Fc receptors. The smaller of the two molecules isolated, p40-43, is at least in part actin. Its relationship to p72 is not understood. PMID- 6217274 TI - Helper cells in the autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction. III. Production of helper factor(s) distinct from interleukin 2. AB - In normal mice, the autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction (AMLR) can activate helper T cells that, in the presence of hapten-modified syngeneic cells, can induce a hapten-specific cytotoxic response. Supernatants from AMLR cultures contain a factor(s) that will mediate a cytotoxic T cell response to hapten altered self. The AMLR factor is effective in facilitating the generation of cytotoxicity only in those cultures containing both T cells and hapten-altered, syngeneic, nonstimulatory cells. Factor production requires an interaction between Lyt-1+23- cells and non-T cells (the T cells synthesize it). The AMLR factor does not appear to be interleukin 2 (IL-2) because it does not activate thymocytes in the presence of antigen, nor does it maintain an IL-2-dependent cell line or function in co-stimulator assays. For the AMLR factor to facilitate the generation of cytotoxicity, thymic adherent cells are a necessary intermediate. These data suggest that the factor recoverable from AMLR cultures acts early in the cytotoxic pathway, before IL-1 production. PMID- 6217275 TI - Helper cell-independent cytotoxic clones in man. AB - We report here a class of helper cell-independent cytotoxic T cell (HITc) clones in man that can proliferate in response to antigenic stimulation as well as mediate cytotoxicity. HITc appear to be rare among clones derived from primary in vitro allosensitized culture, but constitute the majority of clones derived from cells sensitized to autologous Epstein-Barr virus-transformed lymphoblastoid cell lines. The implications of the derivation and function of HITc clones are discussed. PMID- 6217276 TI - Haplotype-specific suppression of cytotoxic T cell induction by antigen inappropriately presented on T cells. AB - To detect a strong cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response to minor histocompatibility (H) antigens in a 5-d mixed lymphocyte culture, it is necessary to use a responder that has been primed in vivo with antigen-bearing cells. It has previously been shown that minor-H-specific CTL can be primed in vivo both directly by foreign spleen cells and by presentation of foreign minor H antigens on host antigen-presenting cells. This latter route is evident in the phenomenon of cross-priming, in which H-2 heterozygous (A x B)F1 mice injected 2 wk previously with minor H-different H-2A (A') spleen cells generate both H-2A- and H-2B-restricted minor-H-specific CTL. In a study of the kinetics of direct- vs. cross-priming to minors in F1 mice, we have found that minor H-different T cells actually suppress the induction of virgin CTL capable of recognizing them. CTL activity measured from F1 mice 3-6 d after injection with viable A' spleen cells is largely H-2B restricted. The H-2A-restricted response recovers such that roughly equal A- and B-restricted activity is detected in mice as early as 8-10 d postinjection. This temporary hyporeactivity does not result from generalized immunosuppression--it is specific for those CTL that recognize the foreign minor H antigen in the context of the H-2 antigens on the injected spleen cells. The injected spleen cells that mediate this suppression are radiosensitive T cells; Lyt-2+ T cells are highly efficient at suppressing the induction of CTL in vivo. No graft vs. host reaction by the injected T cells appears to be required, as suppression of direct primed CTL can be mediated by spleen cells that are wholly tolerant of both host H-2 and minor H antigens. Suppression cannot be demonstrated by in vitro mixing experiments. Several possible mechanisms for haplotype-specific suppression are discussed, including inactivation of responding CTL by veto cells and in vivo sequestration of responding CTL by the injected spleen cells. PMID- 6217277 TI - Passive transfer of the idiotypically suppressed state by serum from suppressed mice and transfer of suppression from mothers to offspring. AB - Mice that are suppressed with respect to an idiotype (CRIA) present in A/J anti-p azophenylarsonate antibodies, hyperimmunized, and allowed to rest were previously found to possess high concentrations of suppressor T cells with anti-idiotypic receptors. We have now observed that the sera of such mice contain soluble factors that can selectively suppress the CRIA component of a humoral response when passively transferred to adult or neonatal recipients. When T cells from suppressed, hyperimmunized mice were transferred into female mice before mating, their offspring, upon immunization, produced anti-Ar antibodies that lacked CRIA. A state of idiotypic suppression was also produced in offspring when the mother was inoculated with serum from suppressed mice a few days before parturition. The results indicate that the suppressor factor is not an immunoglobulin. PMID- 6217278 TI - Regulation of granulomatous inflammation in murine schistosomiasis. II. T suppressor cell-derived, I-C subregion-encoded soluble suppressor factor mediates regulation of lymphokine production. AB - In the present study, we extended the analysis of the regulation of inflammatory lymphokine production in mice with schistosomiasis mansoni. Splenic lymphocytes of chronically infected mice were briefly pulsed in vitro by soluble egg antigens, washed, and then cultured overnight. The supernatant culture fluid added to cultures of splenic cells of acutely infected or peritoneal lymphocytes of antigen-sensitized mice inhibited the production of migration inhibition factor (MIF). Elaboration of MIF suppressor factor (MIF-SF) required the Lyt-1 ,2+,3+ subset of T lymphocytes. MIF-SF acted only on egg antigen-primed cells and required H-2 compatibility with the target cell for its suppressive effect. Further analysis with recombinant strains revealed that the factor interacted with I-AB or I-C subregion-compatible target cells. Experiments using immunoadsorbent columns with bound anti-I subregion alloantisera indicated that MIF-SF contained I-C subregion-encoded determinants. Extrapolation of this in vitro model to in vivo conditions would indicate that the granulomatous response is modulated by I region-derived suppressor factor(s) that regulate lymphokine production by TDH effector cells. PMID- 6217279 TI - Differential macrophage requirements for T helper cell and T helper cell-induced B lymphocyte proliferation. AB - Major histocompatibility complex-restricted helper T cell clones against "minor" antigens expressed on B cell and macrophage surfaces, when confronted with appropriate T cell-depleted spleen cells, are induced to proliferation and, in turn, activate "target-responder" B cells to polyclonal growth and maturation. Irradiation of helper cell populations, however, demonstrates that their effector functions (and B lymphocyte responses) are independent of proliferative activity. Adherent cell depletion on Sephadex G10 columns, while completely abrogating helper T cell proliferation, does not abolish helper cell-induced B cell responses, demonstrating a remarkable quantitative difference in macrophage requirements for the growth of these two cell types. Because significant B cell responses are detected upon interaction with primed helper T cells under conditions of extreme macrophage depletion, we conclude that the role of macrophages in T-B cell cooperation is limited to expansion of optimal numbers of helper T lymphocytes. It follows that activated helper cells can autonomously produce all B cell-specific growth and maturation factors mediating cooperative antibody responses. In contrast, the profound reduction of LPS-induced responses upon macrophage depletion suggests accessory cell production of such factors in thymus-independent B cell growth and/or maturation. PMID- 6217281 TI - Differentiation of muscle fiber types in aneurogenic brachial muscles of the chick embryo. AB - Cross-reinnervation studies performed ex ovo with newly hatched chicks demonstrate that peripheral motor neurons control the phenotypic characteristics of avian muscles. The present experiments were designed to determine whether or not nerves play a similar role during the initial expression of muscle fiber types. Previous experiments indicated that differentiation of specific fiber types occurs during the first week of embryogenesis, temporally coincident with the penetration of nerves within muscle masses. These observations suggested that peripheral nerves may be associated with the initial differentiation of fiber types. To test this hypothesis directly, anterior limb buds of the chick embryo were rendered aneurogenic by deletion of the brachial segment of the neural tube. To ensure a completely aneurogenic environment for developing brachial muscles, surgery was performed at day 2 in ovo before the exit of ventral root fibers. Experimental and control embryos from Stage (St) 25 (4.5 d) through St 45 (19d) were analyzed histochemically by a silver-cholinesterase reaction to detect nerves and by the myosin ATPase reaction, following alkali and acid preincubation, to determine the fiber type composition of the muscles. In addition, the total volume of aneurogenic and control muscles was compared. Results demonstrate that the characteristic myosin ATPase profiles of individual aneurogenic and innervated (control) muscles were identical throughout the entire period analyzed. Therefore, we conclude that these enzymic profiles are endogenously expressed and are not under neuronal control during early embryogenesis. Furthermore, the entire sequence of events from the migration of myogenic cells to the anterior limb bud through the division of the primary muscle masses to form individual brachial muscles proceeded on schedule in the absence of nerves. Since the growth of aneurogenic muscles was impaired, we conclude that during embryogenesis peripheral motor nerves are necessary initially for the proper growth of muscles and ultimately, for their survival. They are not involved, however, with either the initial formation or initial differentiation of individual brachial muscles. PMID- 6217282 TI - Workers' compensation 1982. PMID- 6217280 TI - Identification of an I-J+ antigen-presenting cell required for third order suppressor cell activation. AB - We have found that an I-J+ I-A- antigen-presenting cell (APC) is required for Ts3 activation in vivo. Together with the I-J restriction previously reported for Ts3 induction (Takaoki, M., M.-S. Sy, A. Tominaga, A. Lowy, M. Tsurifiji, B. Benacerraf, R. Finberg, and M. I. Greene, 1982, J. Exp. Med., 156:1325), it appears that this I-J+ APC is responsible for I-J restriction in the triggering of Ts3. This restriction may be exerted via a pre-Ts3 associative recognition of antigen and I-J encoded determinants, analogous to the T helper recognition of antigen in the context of I-A and I-E determinants. PMID- 6217283 TI - Balloon embolization of high-flow traumatic arteriovenous fistulae to the brain. PMID- 6217284 TI - Clinical trial of cyproterone acetate-ethinyl oestradiol compound on androgen dependent skin disorders. PMID- 6217285 TI - [Oculopharyngeal syndrome]. PMID- 6217286 TI - [Therapeutic results in a series of 81 cases of cancers of the oral cavity]. PMID- 6217287 TI - [Surgical problems posed by bronchopulmonary cancers associated with or following cancers of the upper aerodigestive system]. PMID- 6217288 TI - [Instrumental perforations of the esophagus]. PMID- 6217289 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of transverse fractures of the temporal bone]. PMID- 6217292 TI - [Surgical treatment of dermatologic epithelioma of the nose]. PMID- 6217291 TI - [Diagnosis of deafness in children before 4 years of age]. PMID- 6217290 TI - [Surgical treatment of cholesteatoma. Choice between an open or closed technic]. PMID- 6217293 TI - [Reconstructive laryngeal surgery]. PMID- 6217294 TI - [Anatomy of the vallecula]. PMID- 6217295 TI - Deletion analysis of essential genes of Escherichia coli: investigation of the btuB-rpoBC interval. AB - A method is described for deletion mapping of essential genes in Escherichia coli. It involves the isolation of secondary-site insertions of lambda cI857plac5 into an F' plasmid. The transposed lacZ gene is useful both for the ready screening of plasmid-phage cointegrates and for rapid analysis of deletions that extend from the site of phage integration into the bacterial genes carried on the substituted plasmid. Such deletions may be used to 'hook-up' bacterial cistrons to the powerful lac promoter. We report the application of this technique to the study of the btuB-rpoBC interval, a cluster of genes encoding components of the transcription-translation apparatus. PMID- 6217296 TI - Development-dependent regulation of N-acetyl-beta-D-hexosaminidase of cerebellum and cerebrum of normal and staggerer mutant mice. AB - Distinctive activities of various glycosidases were expressed in the cerebellum and cerebral cortex of mice during their development. In particular, N-acetyl beta-D-hexosaminidase (EC 3.2.1.30) appeared to be developmentally regulated. A transient peak of enzyme activity at postnatal day 7 was characteristic for the cerebellum, whereas the activity in the cerebral cortex gradually increased through the 1st postnatal month and was maintained at a high level of activity throughout adulthood. The regulation of N-acetylhexosaminidase activity in the developing cerebellum of the staggerer mouse deviated clearly from enzyme activities in the wild-type, whereas the activity pattern in the staggerer cerebral cortex remained unaffected. In experiments mixing wild-type and staggerer cerebellum homogenates, the specific activity was additive. Thus, involvement of inhibitors or activating molecules can be excluded. This developmentally controlled regulation or disregulation in staggerer appears to be enzyme specific, sine beta-glucosidase, alpha-glucosidase, and beta-galactosidase did not exhibit such a pattern in either normal or staggerer mice. In the mutation weaver that, like staggerer, loses the majority of its cerebellar granule cells, N-acetyl-beta-hexosaminidase activity of the cerebellum was not elevated, indicating a specific defect in staggerer rather than a general effect on lysosomal enzymes due to cell death. PMID- 6217297 TI - Stimulation of free fatty acid and diacylglycerol accumulation in cerebrum and cerebellum during bicuculline-induced status epilepticus. Effect of pretreatment with alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine and p-chlorophenylalamine. AB - The pool size and composition of free fatty acids (FFA) and diglycerides (DG) from the cerebrum and cerebellum of rats undergoing bicuculline-induced seizures were studied. A fourfold increase in cerebral FFA occurred 3-4 min after bicuculline injection; arachidonic and stearic acids were the principal fatty acids accumulated. Cerebellar FFA also increased, but to a lesser extent. An increased production of arachidonic acid took place in the cerebrum as a function of time after bicuculline injection. Other fatty acids produced were oleic, palmitic, and docosahexaenoic acids. A twofold increase in cerebral arachidonic acid was seen at the time of the first generalized tonic-clonic convulsion. However, a 13- to 17-fold increase in arachidonic acid was seen approximately 5-6 min after bicuculline injection. The rise in other FFA was much smaller. Stearoyl and arachidonoyl-DG were also accumulated. The drug alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine was found to (a) potentiate the bicuculline-stimulated release of cerebellar FFA, and (b) inhibit by 70% the production of stearoyl- and arachidonoyl-DG in the cerebrum and cerebellum. Basal production of FFA was stimulated by p chlorophenylalanine, but the drug had no effect on the bicuculline-induced changes. Hydrolysis of phospholipids enriched in stearoyl-arachidonoyl groups, such as phosphatidylinositol of excitable membranes, may be stimulated during seizures. PMID- 6217298 TI - Lysophosphatidylcholine-induced lysis of erythrocytes in Duchenne and myotonic dystrophies and in Huntington's disease. AB - Erythrocytes from Duchenne dystrophy patients lysed more readily than red cells from age-matched normal boys when lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) concentrations that caused 50% lysis were compared. Erythrocytes from myotonic dystrophy patients appeared to be more resistant than cells from age-matched normal adults at certain medium LPC concentrations. Erythrocytes from patients with Huntington's disease showed no significant differences from erythrocytes of normal adults. Thus, the manner in which erythrocytes respond to LPC may reflect the putative membrane alterations in these diseases. Inhibition of LPC-induced lysis by 0.1 mM dipyridamole was observed in all groups. Since this agent did not inhibit LPC lysis at 0 degrees C, its action at 37 degrees C could be related to activation of a membrane enzyme. On the other hand, dipyridamole decreased osmotic fragility at 0 degrees C and 37 degrees C indicating that a physical change in membrane structure may be the primary alteration produced by this agent. PMID- 6217299 TI - Normal anatomic variant: scintigraphy of the ischiopubic synchondrosis. AB - Radionuclide bone imaging in pediatric patients occasionally shows a focus of distinct localized increase of radiotracer uptake at the ischiopubic synchondrosis. Correlation of radionuclide bone images and conventional radiographs of this area in a group of pediatric patients demonstrates the positive bone scans to correlate with the period of beginning but incomplete fusion of the synchondrosis. This represents a normal phase of skeletal development that radiographically and scintigraphically may mimic disease and should not be confused with a focus of pathologic activity. PMID- 6217300 TI - Uptake of Tc-99m MAA by the liver during a thromboscintigram/lung scan. AB - A young man with a swollen left leg was referred to us for a thromboscintigram/lung scan. The unexpected visualization of the liver during the flow study after intravenous injection of Tc-99m MAA into the dorsal veins of both feet provided the clue to his underlying problem. He was shown to have extensive venous collateralization in the left pelvis, and to a lesser degree on the right, due to a large pelvic mass. This was shown to consist of metastases from a previously treated testicular carcinoma. Venous drainage from the legs was shunted into the mesenteric circulation, which them emptied into the portal vein, thereby carrying the radiopharmaceutical to the liver. No uptake was seen in the spleen. PMID- 6217301 TI - Normal appearance and reproducibility of liver-spleen studies with Tc-99m sulfur colloid and Tc-99m microalbumin colloid. AB - In order to determine the normal biodistribution and reproducibility of Tc-99m sulfur colloid and Tc-99m microalbumin colloid, each of ten normal subjects was studied twice with each of the two agents. In overexposed delayed analog images of the anterior chest, some thyroid radioactivity was demonstrated in all of 20 microalbumin colloid studies and in none of 20 sulfur colloid studies; lung radioactivity was seen in 19 of 20 (95%) sulfur colloid studies and in none of the microalbumin colloid studies (both p less than 0.001). Delayed digital images showed that the sulfur colloid gave a higher lung-to-heart ratio, a higher lung to-liver ratio, and a lower bone marrow-to-liver ratio compared with microalbumin colloid (all p less than 0.05). In general, reproducibility was poor for both agents. We conclude that while there are some differences between these two radiocolloids, the differences do not indicate a superiority of the newer Tc-99m microalbumin colloid over the established Tc-99m sulfur colloid for liver-spleen imaging. PMID- 6217302 TI - Specificity of a particulate glucosyltransferase in seedlings of Pisum sativum L. which catalyzes the formation of 5'-O-(beta-D-glucopyranosyl)pyridoxine. AB - A glucosyltransferase, catalyzing the transfer of D-glucose from UDP-glucose to the 5'-hydroxyl group of pyridoxine, was isolated as a particulate enzyme from seedlings of podded pea (Pisum sativum L. cv. Kinusaya). The enzyme required additional Mg2+ for its function. The pH optimum for glucosylation of pyridoxine was between 7.8 and 8.8. The enzyme showed high specificity for UDP-glucose and relative specificity for glucosyl acceptor: pyridoxine was replaceable by pyridoxamine. Several compounds tested other than vitamin B6 failed to serve as the acceptor. It was shown that a methylene group on C-4 participated in the formation of enzyme-substrate complex, and that the rate of glucosylation was dependent upon the C-4 substituent. From the results of kinetic studies and an experiment in vivo, the enzyme was inferred to be UDP-glucose: pyridoxine 5'-O beta-glucosyltransferase. PMID- 6217303 TI - Maintenance of hemostasis during exodontia in two hemophiliacs with factor VIII inhibitors. AB - This paper reviews hemophilia A with emphasis on the 10% of afflicted patients who have inhibitors to factor VIII. Two patients with the latter problem are presented, and a management program is described and illustrated. PMID- 6217304 TI - Residual monomer (Bis-GMA) of composite resins. PMID- 6217305 TI - An in vitro study of caries prevention, cavity adaptation, homogeneity and microleakage of a new fluoride-releasing resin. PMID- 6217307 TI - Diagnosis of Down syndrome. PMID- 6217306 TI - Prevention of microleakage into experimental cavities in teeth: an in vitro study. AB - Dye penetration into cylindrical, 1 mm diameter cavities in forty-nine extracted human teeth was studied. Twenty-eight teeth were filled with Cavit-W or gutta percha and the remainder were left unfilled. The enamel surrounding all cavities was etched and the cavities sealed with three types of sealants. After 8 weeks, during which the temperature of the teeth was changed twice daily, Estilux appeared to have prevented the dye from penetrating into the cavities. PMID- 6217308 TI - Commemorating the 100th birthday of Valentin Aleksandrovich Dogiel (1882-1955). PMID- 6217309 TI - Hirschsprung's disease in a kindred: a possible clue to the genetics of the disease. AB - A nine generation kindred, the first generation dating back to the early 18th century, existing in the Mennonite population of central Pennsylvania is described in terms of the incidence of documented and presumptive Hirschsprung's disease. This kindred was developed by tracing back family lines, by the use of the "circle letter" and three family history books, and by personal interviews with key family members. In the ninth (current) generation, involving at least 5 families, 8 out of 14 children (57%) have documented evidence of Hirschsprung's disease; 4 out of 14 had congenital deafness (29%); 2 had Waardenburg's syndrome (14%); and 1 had Down's syndrome (7%). Only 1 out of the 14 had total colonic involvement. Investigation of the sixth-ninth (last 4) generations shows 22 out of 100 (22%) to have definite or strongly presumptive evidence of Hirschsprung's disease. The opportunity to study this unique kindred, which can be traced back to a single source, exhibiting a very high incidence of Hirschsprung's disease with an unusually high incidence of associated congenital anomalies and without significant association of total colonic disease has provided us with a better understanding of the genetics underlying this disease. PMID- 6217311 TI - Immunosuppression and periodontal disease in man. Histological and ultrastructural observations. PMID- 6217310 TI - Heart rate patterns in trisomic fetuses. AB - A survey of the clinical records of fifteen fetuses with trisomy 21, six fetuses with trisomy 18, and two fetuses with trisomy 13 was made in order to find out typical patterns of fetal heart rate (FHR) possibly associated with these conditions. Antepartal FHR patterns of 55 normal pregnancies and intrapartal FHR patterns of 14 normal labors were used as a control material. Trisomic fetuses showed significantly fewer FHR accelerations than did the controls. Fetuses with trisomy 18 and 13 had more antepartal decelerations than fetuses with trisomy 21. Trisomic fetuses also showed more intrapartal late decelerations and epochs of silent FHR pattern than did the controls. The abnormal FHR patterns of the trisomic fetuses thus were similar to those in placental insufficiency. Cesarean section was performed for both fetuses with trisomy 13, for five of the six fetuses with trisomy 18 and for nine of fifteen fetuses with trisomy 21. In eleven of sixteen cesarean sections the main indication was abnormal cardiotocogram. Fetal karyotyping from an amniotic fluid sample should perhaps be considered when decelerations and silent patterns of FHR in a growth-retarded, late second or early third trimester fetus are seen. In most cases, however, the decision for optimal management o labor must be based on FHR patterns solely. PMID- 6217312 TI - Lymphoproliferative response of submandibular nodes to mitogens in experimental gingivitis in dogs. PMID- 6217313 TI - The effect of culture filtrates of oral strains of black-pigmented Bacteroides on the matrix production of chick embryo cartilage cells in vitro. PMID- 6217314 TI - Tetracycline treatment of periodontal disease in the beagle dog. Overall effect of two years treatment on the preservation of alveolar bone. PMID- 6217315 TI - Susceptibility to chlorhexidine of plaque Streptococci after two years oral chlorhexidine hygiene. PMID- 6217316 TI - Clinical effects of using stannous fluoride mouthrinses during a five day study in the absence of oral hygiene. PMID- 6217317 TI - Effects of topically applied stannous fluoride and acidulated phosphate fluoride alone and in combination on dental plaque. PMID- 6217318 TI - Blood flow in gingiva and alveolar bone in beagles with periodontal disease. PMID- 6217319 TI - Effects of colchicine on periodontal ligament fibroblasts of the mouse. I. Ultrastructural study of the disruption of microtubule-dependent cellular functions. PMID- 6217321 TI - Tensile behaviour of the periodontal ligament. PMID- 6217320 TI - Quantitative analysis of connective tissue resorption in the supra-alveolar region of the mouse incisor ligament. PMID- 6217322 TI - A longitudinal study into the depth of the clinical gingival sulcus of human canine teeth during and after eruption. PMID- 6217323 TI - The relationship between pontic hygiene and mucosal inflammation in fixed bridge recipients. PMID- 6217324 TI - Effects of medroxyprogesterone acetate on gestation in mink. AB - Mink ovariectomized 14 days after the first of two matings received injections of 2 mg MPA, the same MPA treatment + an oestradiol-17 beta implant or no replacement therapy. Some mink were ovariectomized after implantation and given a single dose of 2 mg MPA or no replacement therapy. MPA persisted in the serum at detectable levels for 13 or more days in all mink treated. MPA and MPA + oestradiol induced uterine growth but neither treatment was capable of inducing embryo implantation. More embryos were retained in mink treated with MPA alone and these appeared to be viable. Implanted embryos persisted for a longer period in animals that were ovariectomized and treated with MPA. MPA neither supported pregnancy nor permitted parturition. Serum LH was elevated by 1 week after ovariectomy and elevations persisted for a further 20 or more days. While MPA alone had no apparent negative feedback effects on LH, animals that received MPA + oestradiol did not display any elevation of LH, suggesting that oestradiol or a combination of MPA and oestradiol has a potent negative feedback in mink. PMID- 6217325 TI - Androstenedione, dehydroepiandrosterone and testosterone in ovarian vein plasma and androstenedione in peripheral arterial plasma during the bovine oestrous cycle. AB - Catheters were placed in the carotid artery via a facial artery (n = 12) and in the ovarian vein (n = 12), and, in conjunction, electromagnetic flow meters were placed around the ovarian artery (n = 6) in cyclic beef cows. Androstenedione was quantitatively the highest and dehydroepiandrosterone the lowest of the ovarian androgens measured. Ovarian androgens were correlated positively with each other (P less than 0.05) but not with ovarian blood flow or day of the cycle. There was a trend for spikes of androgen release (ovarian vein concentration x ovarian blood flow) from the ovary to be greatest during the period of decreasing progesterone and CL regression. However, only with testosterone were spikes of release different (Days--13 to--9 less than Days -8 to -4; P less than 0.05; Day 0 = oestrus). The dynamic changes in ovarian androgens noted in this study were compatible with the concept of continuous follicular development and atresia throughout the oestrous cycle. PMID- 6217326 TI - Second-look laparoscopy after reconstructive pelvic surgery for infertility. PMID- 6217327 TI - Penicillamine-induced immunosuppression: in vitro studies of inhibition of immunoglobulin synthesis. AB - An in vitro system of T-dependent polyclonally activated B lymphocytes has been used to identify the cellular basis of immunosuppression induced by penicillamine. Suppression of immunoglobulin synthesis was dose dependent, and required the drug to be present at the initial stages of the culture. Coculture studies identified T helper cells as the primary target. Study of T cell membrane receptors identified a susceptible subpopulation characterized by its inability to form tight sheep red blood cell rosettes, a delay in the generation of T mu receptors and reduced "help" for polyclonally activated B cells. B lymphocytes were not primarily suppressed by penicillamine. PMID- 6217328 TI - Gold-induced hepatotoxicity: case report and review of the literature. PMID- 6217329 TI - An analysis of research dealing with the attitudes of professionals toward disability. PMID- 6217330 TI - Project transition: competitive employment service for the severely handicapped mentally retarded. PMID- 6217331 TI - Peer counseling: a training program. PMID- 6217332 TI - A comparison: independent living rehabilitation and vocational rehabilitation. PMID- 6217333 TI - NRA member honored ... Stiehl-Rios is Handicapped American of the Year. PMID- 6217334 TI - Women and international rehabilitation. PMID- 6217335 TI - A prevocational program for the severely handicapped: the Lakeview Prevocational Project. PMID- 6217336 TI - They are family: an update. 18 months later, enter baby Yoda. PMID- 6217337 TI - Alabama homebuilder produces 2-bedroom house for disabled. PMID- 6217338 TI - Housing for physically disabled individuals: the home builders' perspective. PMID- 6217339 TI - Investment valuation of disabled workers: review and model. PMID- 6217340 TI - Open learning for disabled persons. PMID- 6217341 TI - Nonspecific suppressor function in rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have diminished peripheral blood cellular immune responses in vivo and in vitro. To determine whether these changes reflected excessive peripheral blood suppressor function, we compared suppressor function in 52 patients with RA with 57 normal subjects. We examined suppressor cell function for (i) preincubation sensitivity, (ii) glass adherence, (iii) indomethacin sensitivity, (iv) concanavalin (con) A inducibility, (v) aggregated IgG inducibility and (vi) quantitated Tmu and Tgamma cell populations. Con A generated suppressor cell function was further studied by evaluating unseparated , T-cell, glass adherent-, indomethacin sensitive-, radiosensitive-, and radioresistant-suppressor cell effects upon mitogen-stimulated allogeneic and autologous unseparated, T-cell, B-cell and IM9 lymphoblastoid cell line responses, the latter representing a newly devised and simplified assay system. We found that patients with RA exhibited: (i) significantly increased incubation sensitive suppressor function; (ii) generally normal nonspecific suppression function in other assays, although individual patients were strikingly abnormal; and (iii) significantly increased sensitivity of B-cell proliferation to aggregated-IgG-induced T-cell suppressor function. PMID- 6217342 TI - A new, simplified assay for suppressor cell function. AB - A simplified, sensitive assay has been devised to examine suppressor cell function in normal persons and patients with rheumatic and atopic diseases. Cultured human lymphoblastoid (IM9) cells were used as responders. Induced suppressor cells were treated initially with mitomycin (mit) C, to prevent DNA synthesis, then incubated with concanavalin (con) A in microtiter plates for 40 hr. Responder cells were added directly to suppressor cells in plates. Suppression was determined by comparing effects of con A-induced with noninduced (control) cells on responder 3H-thymidine (3HTdR) uptake. This assay is simple and conserves time, reagents, and cells and uses standardized, available responder cells. It also obviates problems of con A in cultures with responder cells and autologous or allogeneic mixed-lymphocyte types of reactions and reduces needs for blood donation. Moreover, IM9 cells proved suitable for detecting spontaneous, con A-generated, glass-adherent, or prostaglandin secreting (indomethacin-sensitive) suppressor cells. PMID- 6217343 TI - Parental origin of the extra chromosome in Down's Syndrome. AB - In 11 studies of patients with Down's syndrome and their parents non-disjunction was maternal in 306 cases and paternal in 77 cases. In 258 families, parental origin could not be conclusively determined. The percentage of paternal failures varied between 4.3 and 35.3% in different studies. When the type of non disjunction was compared to the type of meiotic error, more males were born when the error was maternal (sex ratio 0.55) and more females when the error was paternal (sex ratio 0.43). An overall sex ratio of 0.52 was found. De novo translocation trisomy of type (21;21) originated paternally in one third of the cases. In (14;21) de novo translocation trisomy only one of eight cases was of paternal origin. PMID- 6217344 TI - Relationships between sensory stimulation and stereotyped behaviour in severely mentally retarded and autistic children. AB - The reinforcing properties of four sensory stimuli (continuous and flashing light, vibration and sound) which were under the subject's control, were examined and the effect on stereotyped behaviour observed. The subjects were 24 severely retarded children in three diagnostic groups; Down's, Rubella and a group which included neither of these diagnoses. Duration of stimulation with continuous light was significantly lower than the other three stimuli, but there were no differential effects on stereotypy, nor diagnostic group differences. PMID- 6217345 TI - Longevity and mortality in Down's syndrome. AB - The life span of individuals with DS has gradually increased since the 1920s. The DS individual now has an average life expectancy of 35 years. Despite advances in the health care of the retarded and improvements in the quality of institutional care, the overall mortality rate remains elevated by five-fold. Specific mortality rates from respiratory diseases (particularly pneumonia), infectious diseases, congenital heart disease, leukaemia and neurological disorders are still substantially increased. Disorders of immunological functioning, particularly T-cell mediated, appear related to this increased vulnerability, although further research is necessary. The periods of highest risk are during infancy, when congenital heart disease, leukaemia and respiratory diseases are most lethal, and late adulthood, when Alzheimer-type dementia and declining immunological function appear to be significant factors. PMID- 6217346 TI - Polarity suppression by the Q gene product of bacteriophage lambda. PMID- 6217347 TI - Role of polyamines in isoproterenol-induced cardiac hypertrophy: effects of alpha difluoromethylornithine, an irreversible inhibitor of ornithine decarboxylase. PMID- 6217348 TI - Cardiac hypertrophy and its regression in rat: comparison of morphological changes in response to aortic constriction, iron deficiency anaemia and isoprenaline. PMID- 6217349 TI - Role of Ca++, CaATPase and alkaline protease in cardiac contraction band formation. AB - Cardiac cells' total homogenates and subcellular components Ca++, CaATPase and alkaline protease levels were matched with their respective microscopic samples in order to ascertain their role in the formation of contraction bands. It was seen that those samples having contraction bands also had a high incidence of intracellular Ca++, low CaATPase and high alkaline protease levels. This study confirms reports that contraction bands are not limited to pathological hearts (Adomian et al., 1977), but neither are they limited to artifacts related to autopsy procedures. They were seen in varying degrees of severity in hearts of healthy rats sacrificed by decapitation and less frequently with only sarcomeric involvement to absence of in animals sacrificed by diethyl ether overdose. It is postulated that the elevated Ca++ activated alkaline protease (pH 8.5) by inhibiting its inhibitor (Waxman and Krebs, 1978). It may have inhibited total CaATPase activity (Hasselbach, 1974) as well. We believe that the activated alkaline protease produced irreversible contraction bands by lysing the microhinge between light and heavy meromyosin. PMID- 6217350 TI - Acid demineralization in periodontal therapy: a review of the literature. PMID- 6217351 TI - Lethal action of bacteriophage lambda S gene. AB - The functions of the bacteriophage lambda lysis genes S, R, and Rz were investigated. Different combinations of wild-type and inactive alleles of all three lysis genes were cloned into the plasmid pBH20 and were expressed under the control of a lac operator-promoter. The involvement of the Rz gene in lysis was proposed in our previous work and was confirmed by the Mg2+-dependent lysis defect of clones in which part of the Rz gene is deleted. Membrane vesicles prepared from induced S+ cells were shown to have a severely reduced capacity for active transport of glucose; this defect was detectable at least 20 min before lysis. Cell viability was also shown to decrease very soon after induction, long before physiological death and lysis; this decrease in viability is absolutely dependent on S expression and independent of R and Rz. The nonviable fraction of cells at any time after induction was demonstrated to be equal to the fraction committed to eventual lysis. Induction of an Sts clone showed that the S gene product is stable and capable of inducing lysis long after the cessation of synthesis of S gene product. A model for S action is proposed. PMID- 6217352 TI - Postoperative prophylactic use of progesterone in renal cell carcinoma. AB - Medroxyprogesterone acetate has been used prophylactically in 35 patients with stages I and IIIA renal cell carcinoma who had undergone radical nephrectomy. Metastasis was noted in 26 per cent (9 of 35) of the patients who had received the drug and in 44 per cent (20 of 45) of those who had not (controls). The incidence of metastasis in patients who had undergone nephrectomy more than 3 years previously was 10 per cent (3 of 31) for patients who received medroxyprogesterone acetate and 35 per cent (15 of 43) for the control group, the difference being statistically significant. Prognosis tended to be better in patients who had received medroxyprogesterone acetate than in the controls, and relative 3 and 5-year survival rates being 99.3 and 87.2 per cent, respectively, in the former group, and 86.8 and 75.0 per cent, respectively, in the latter group. There was no significant difference between these 2 groups. However, it may be concluded that prophylactic medroxyprogesterone acetate seems to be beneficial in the prevention of postoperative metastasis of renal cell carcinoma. PMID- 6217353 TI - Prolonged bleeding times and bleeding diathesis associated with moxalactam administration. PMID- 6217354 TI - Isotretinoin: a word of caution. PMID- 6217355 TI - Advanced medicine goes micro-chip. PMID- 6217356 TI - [Studies on phage type, beta-lactamase activity and sensitivity of multiple drug resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from clinical specimens to cefmetazole]. AB - The 868 strains of S. aureus were isolated at the Department of Pediatrics, Third Hospital and Aoto Hospital, The Jikei University, School of Medicine and the Kanagawa Prefectural Nursing and Hygienic School Hospital during 6 months from May to October in 1981. From them 66 strains not sensitive to CEZ were selected by a 3-concentration disk method. A total number of 54 strains except for 12 isolated from the same infant patient was examined for their MIC's for 6 drugs, CMZ, CEZ, CTM, CXM, MCIPC and GM. Moreover, phage typing and beta-lactamase activity determination were carried out in them. 1. Antibacterial activity Sixty six (7.6) of 868 strains were not sensitive to CEZ. The MIC's of CMZ against these resistant strains were between 1.56 and 50 micrograms/ml with a peak between 3.13 and 6.25 micrograms/ml when the 10(5) cells/ml bacterial suspension were inoculated. CMZ was superior in antibacterial activity to CEZ and CXM by about 4 degrees and to CTM by about 3 degrees. MCIPC and GM has higher antibacterial activity against a few strains than CMZ. However, the number of strains with MIC higher than or equal to 50 micrograms/ml was 17 for MCIPC and 40 for GM, but only 2 for CMZ. Thus, the former 2 drugs were far inferior to the latter one. 2. Phage type (1) Nineteen strains (35.2%) had MIC's for CEZ greater than 50 micrograms/ml and CMZ less than 6.25 micrograms/ml. Seventeen of them belonged to the nontypable. (2) Fourteen (25.9%) had MIC's for CEZ greater than 100 micrograms/ml. Of them 9 were allocated to the group III, 3 to the mixed (I + II + III, I + III) group and 2 to the nontypable. (3) Of 20 strains (37.0%) which had MIC's for CEZ greater than 100 micrograms/ml and CMZ less than 6.25 micrograms/ml 5 belonged to the group I, 3 to the group III and 12 to the nontypable. (4) Five strains classified into the group I were all isolated at the Kanagawa Perfectural Nursing and Hygienic School Hospital. (5) Eleven of 15 strains belonging to the group III were isolated at the Third Hospital, The Jikei University, School of Medicine. (6) Seventeen of 21 strains isolated at the Aoto Hospital, The Jikei University, School of Medicine belonged to the nontypable. (7) Phage type was considered to be influenced by difference in areas, infection within hospitals, etc., 3. beta-Lactamase activity beta-Lactamase activity was demonstrated at levels between 0.07 and 3.26 mumol/min/mg in all 54 strains. There was no correlation between MIC for CEZ or CEZ and beta-lactamase activity. It was suggested that beta-lactamase might not contribute to mechanism of resistance of S. aureus to each drug examined. PMID- 6217357 TI - [Effect of staphylococcal phage lysate(SPL) on polyclonal B cell activation in mouse spleen cells in vitro]. PMID- 6217358 TI - Metabolism of cardiac structural proteins in normal and hypertrophied rabbit heart. AB - In an attempt to elucidate the characteristics of the metabolic response of the hypertrophying heart, the rates of amino acid incorporation into cardiac structural proteins were studied in female rabbit hearts in vivo by use of a pulse-label isotope (3H-lysine) method. Hypertrophy of the left ventricle was produced by applying mild aortic constriction. Structural proteins were separated from the heart excised 24 h after the pulse, and the rate of 3H incorporation was calculated as cpm. 3H/mg lysine of the protein. In the control (without aortic constriction), left ventricular structural proteins exhibited the following relative incorporation rate (the rate in actin being taken as 1.0): native tropomyosin, 2.79 +/- 0.38 (mean +/- SE, n = 5); 10S-actinin and alpha-actinin complex, 2.52 +/- 0.29; heavy chain of myosin, 2.09 +/- 0.25; light chain of myosin, 1.82 +/- 0.28; soluble protein, 1.79 +/- 0.30; and actin, 1.0. In the rabbits with aortic stenosis the rates of amino acid incorporation showed a striking increase up to 7 days after surgery, and declined to the control level by 1 month. Among the protein fractions, native tropomyosin and the light chain of myosin showed a much higher rate of isotopic incorporation during the earlier phase of the response. These results seem to indicate the presence of a unique pattern of metabolic response in cardiac muscle confronted with a workload. PMID- 6217359 TI - Crossover plot study of glycolytic intermediates in the ischemic canine heart. AB - Effects of regional ischemia on myocardial glycolysis were studied by measuring the levels of glycolytic intermediates in the endo- and epicardial layers of the left ventricle in dogs anesthetized with pentobarbital. Regional ischemia was induced by ligating a small branch of the left anterior descending coronary artery. The myocardial tissue samples were removed before and 1.5, 3, 7, or 30 min after coronary artery ligation. Based on a crossover plot study of the glycolytic intermediates, it is suggested that the activity of glycogen phosphorylase was accelerated, while that of phosphofructokinase was inhibited in ischemic myocardium samples removed 1.5, 3, 7, and 30 min after ligation. When the frozen myocardium was allowed to stand at room temperature for 10 min, the crossover plot study revealed acceleration of phosphofructokinase activity. The metabolic response to regional ischemia of the endocardial layers was more marked than that of the epicardial. During ischemia the levels of adenine nucleotides did not change significantly, but those of citrate and hydrogen ions increased significantly. It appears that inhibition of myocardial phosphofructokinase activity during ischemia is partly due to an increase in the levels of citrate and hydrogen ions in the ischemic tissue. PMID- 6217361 TI - [Acquired heart diseases]. PMID- 6217360 TI - A case of asymmetrical apical hypertrophy which is a form of hypertrophic nonobstructive cardiomyopathy with giant negative T-waves. AB - Clinical, hemodynamic, electrocardiographic (ECG), echocardiographic, left ventricular (LV), and coronary angiographic (CA) findings are reported in a case with apical hypertrophy (AH), a form of hypertrophic nonobstructive cardiomyopathy (HNCM). The most striking symptom was chest pain and the most conspicuous electrocardiographic finding consisted of giant negative T waves, reaching an amplitude of 4.0 mV. Echocardiography revealed an apical thickness of the septum and posterior wall of 40 mm; this was significantly greater than septal and posterior free wall thickening in the LV outflow area. The anterior motion (SAM) of the anterior mitral leaflet, was present, and, in hemodymic investigation, the isoproterenol test was negative. The left ventricular end diastolic pressure (LVEDP) and the EF were elevated. In the LV angiogram from the right anterior oblique position (RAO), the LV free wall thickness at the apex was significantly thicker than at the outflow tract level. The patient had dilated coronary arteries. We conclude that these findings are typical for AH (HNCM) and it seems that hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (IHSS, MO), and hypertrophic non-obstructive cardiomyopathy (ASH, AH) are different manifestations of a wide spectrum of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. PMID- 6217362 TI - [New therapy of tinea unguium: ODT (occlusive dressing technic) using 20% urea ointment and an antifungal agent]. PMID- 6217363 TI - [Autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction (auto-MLR) in patients with atopic dermatitis]. PMID- 6217364 TI - Recovery of the membrane potential of the sectioned striated muscle fibers of the guinea-pig cremaster. AB - We investigated changes in membrane potential after small transections (2-4 mm) of the striated muscle of the guinea-pig cremaster and the rate of penetration of procion yellow (1-5 mg/ml) into the injured fibers. Transverse severance of the striated muscle fibers was followed by a marked drop of the membrane potential near the site of injury, such a fall being undetectable about 2 mm from the lesion. The depolarization reached a peak value (40 mV at 0.5 mm from the lesion) 3-5 min after injury and was followed by a gradual repolarization which was complete in about 60 min. A second lesion evoked the same changes, but under conditions of a low calcium solution, there was no recovery in the potential. The rate of indicator penetration reached a peak value (20 micrometers/min) when depolarization was near maximal, declined as the membrane repolarized and became negligible in about 50 min. Conversely, the transected striated muscle fibers of the guinea-pig diaphragm remained depolarized for more than 1 hr after injury. These observations suggest that the healing-over process is a property of the striated muscle fibers of the guinea-pig cremaster and may tentatively be ascribed to the development of a calcium-dependent diffusion barrier (of unknown nature) in the area of the injury. PMID- 6217365 TI - Effects of nicotinamide and insulin on glycosylated hemoglobin and blood glucose in thyroidectomized streptozotocin-diabetic rats. AB - The present study deals with the effects of nicotinamide and insulin on glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1) and blood glucose in thyroidectomized streptozotocin (STZ)-diabetic male rats. Nicotinamide (500 mg/kg body wt., i.p.) significantly decreased the levels of HbA1 and blood glucose in both STZ-treated (65 mg/kg body wt., i.v.) intact and STZ-treated thyroidectomized animals. Administration of NPH-insulin recovered hyperglycemia, and the increased HbA1 in thyroidectomized STZ-diabetic rats to control levels. PMID- 6217366 TI - Potentiation of insulin secretory response of rats by cell wall skeleton extracted from BCG cell wall. PMID- 6217367 TI - [Clinical evaluation of the ipsilateral lung uptake of 201T1C1 in spontaneous pneumothorax]. PMID- 6217368 TI - [Effects of cyproterone acetate on the rat testicular function]. PMID- 6217369 TI - [Roentgenometry in the diagnosis of right ventricular hypertrophy]. AB - The diagnostic value of roentgenometrically enlarged second arc of the anterior heart's shadow outline, a roentgenologic sign of right ventricular hypertrophy, is discussed. A study of 30 patients with various acquired and congenital valvular defects showed the enlargment of this arc, which is normally not more than 3.5 cm long and 0.5 cm wide, to be a reliable sign of right ventricular hypertrophy, as verified by ECG findings, and direct as well as the second oblique roentgenographic projections. Three degrees of the enlargment of the second arc in the heart's shadow anterior outline were distinguished in the first oblique projection. This arc is not evident in patients with electrocardiographic signs of right ventricular diastolic overloading. PMID- 6217370 TI - [Arterial pressure level in schoolchildren]. PMID- 6217371 TI - Strong association between IgA nephropathy and HLA-DR4 antigen. AB - Although the etiology and pathogenesis of IgA nephropathy is not fully understood, it has been classified as an immune-complex induced glomerulonephritis caused by an immunological mechanism. Forty-two patients with primary IgA nephropathy underwent tissue typing for HLA-A, B, and DR antigens by the standard method using a microlymphocytotoxicity test. There was no significant correlation between HLA-A and B antigens and this disease. However, the frequency of HLA-DR4 was 57.1% in the patients with normal renal function, 85.7% in those with decreased renal function, 100% in dialysis patients, and 39.2% in the control group. It is statistically significant in the patients with renal dysfunction (corrected P less than 0.05). Our results suggest that the HLA system may play an important role in the occurrence and exacerbation of IgA nephropathy in the Japanese population. PMID- 6217372 TI - [Laparoscopy in the early diagnosis of acute surgical diseases and closed injuries to the abdominal organs]. PMID- 6217373 TI - [Etiology and pathogenesis of acute pancreatitis (review of the literature)]. PMID- 6217374 TI - [Epifascial progressive gangrene]. PMID- 6217375 TI - [Laparoscopy in acute pancreatitis]. PMID- 6217376 TI - [Lenin Prize winner, Honored Scientists of the RSFSR Prof. S. A. Reinberg (on the 85th anniversary of his birth)]. PMID- 6217377 TI - [Seasonal dynamics of the circadian rhythm of the hemodynamic and arterial pressure parameters in permanent residents of foothill and alpine areas]. AB - Diurnal and seasonal variations of hemodynamics parameters and blood pressure in high altitude residents (3200 m above sea level) were studied. The physiological functions showed a distinct rhythmicity. Amplitude-phase characteristics of the physiological parameters were calculated according to the Kosinor program. PMID- 6217378 TI - [Natural immunity factors as indices of body reaction to heliogeophysical effects]. AB - The data treatment of immunological examinations of 2300 donors with the aid of the Distribution and Factor Analysis programs revealed a distinct relationship between natural immunity parameters and the heliophysical activity. The main heliophysical complex included solar flare intensity, radiofrequency radiation and surface area of sunspots. Among the natural immunity parameters humoral factors of nonspecific protection showed the greatest variations. PMID- 6217379 TI - Effects on health of monotonous, forced-pace work in slaughterhouses. PMID- 6217380 TI - Effects of beclomethasone exposure in industry. PMID- 6217381 TI - EKG of the month: mitral stenosis resulting in left atrial enlargement and right ventricular enlargement. PMID- 6217383 TI - Steroids and gonadotropins during the last pre-ovulatory phase of the menstrual cycle. Time relationships between plasma hormones levels and luteinizing hormone surge onset. PMID- 6217382 TI - In vitro metabolism of C19 steroids in human endometrium. AB - In order to quantitate the extent of intracellular metabolic conversions of C19 steroids in human endometrium, specimens of proliferative and secretory tissue were superfused at a constant rate with several pairs of labeled compounds at low concentrations. About 16% of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate interacting with endometrial cells was converted to dehydroepiandrosterone and about 3% of this compound was converted to androstenedione. Androstenedione was reversibly reduced to testosterone and the extent of this conversion was shown to be several-fold higher in secretory than in proliferative tissue. About 1% of testosterone entering the cells was reduced to 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone. These results demonstrate that the conversion of the main circulating C19 steroids in women, i.e. dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate and androstenedione, to 5 alpha dihydrotestosterone, the compound considered to be the true intracellular androgen, is very small. In contrast, formation of testosterone from androstenedione is extensive and increases during the luteal phase under the influence of progesterone, a hormone known to stimulate the activity of 17 beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in human endometrium. PMID- 6217384 TI - Quantification of random body movements by a Doppler radar device. PMID- 6217385 TI - Cost-sharing effects--revisited. PMID- 6217386 TI - Effects of cost-sharing on users of a state's health service program. AB - This study analyzed some of the effects of the introduction of cost-sharing on users of the state's health service program. The study population had previously received services at no charge and consisted of people with provider-determined medical need, and included, but was not limited to people in financial need. The study sample was selected from 3 years of program service records (1977-1980). Sampling was random and stratified by key variables. Time-series analysis as well as pre/post-policy comparisons were employed. Analysis of changes in the distributions of service user characteristics and in services provided indicated that use of services was not affected adversely and that lower-income, medically needy people were not deterred from using services following the introduction of cost-sharing. Limitations to the study are reviewed, and implications of using cost-sharing in programs such as Medicaid are considered. PMID- 6217387 TI - Cost-sharing effects--response to Myers. PMID- 6217388 TI - Laser photoradiation therapy of cancer following hematoporphyrin sensitization. AB - Hematoporphyrin derivative-photoradiation therapy (HPD-PRT) of human malignancy has been performed on 267 tumor sites in 50 patients. Tumor response has been assayed at 24 hours and one month following treatment with 625-635 nm light from an argon laser-pumped dye laser. The majority of tumors treated were dermal breast cancer recurrences (21 cases), local recurrence of ENT squamous cell carcinomas (16 cases), and ENT cutaneous metastases of squamous cell carcinomas (9 cases). A 30-day favorable response was judged to be either complete regression of the tumor or reduction of tumor diameter by greater than 50%. The above categories of tumors had a combined favorable response of 81%. Appropriate dosimetry is discussed. PMID- 6217389 TI - Abnormalities of mononuclear cell regulation in vitro in primary biliary cirrhosis. PMID- 6217390 TI - Natural course of primary biliary cirrhosis. I. A morphological, clinical and serological analysis of 103 cases. AB - Clinical, biochemical and serological data obtained in 103 patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) were analysed with respect to the four defined morphological stages. Evaluation of the initial biopsies (99 needle biopsies/4 wedge biopsies) revealed that most patients were in stage I (focal bile duct destruction). Unequivocal distinction between stages I and II was possible in most cases, while considerable overlapping of criteria was observed in stages II to IV. Morphological cholestasis, a characteristic sign of stage IV was already found in 7% of PBC I cases. Four out of 12 autopsy specimens showed micronodular biliary cirrhosis (Hanot's type) and eight specimens had a macronodular type of biliary cirrhosis. No predominant clinical symptoms were found in patients with PBC I or II, but pruritus was observed in about 30%. Increased serum alkaline phosphatase (AP) and IgM levels as well as a positive antimitochondrial antibody (AMA) test were typical features of all stages in up to 80-90%, but patients with normal AP or IgM or negative AMA have been observed, especially in stages I and II. Five of 57 patients at stage I had increased bilirubin levels and in three patients IgM and IgG were simultaneously elevated in stage I. The natural course of PBC, as it is reflected in histological staging, was studied in 30 patients in whom biopsies were regularly taken over a period of 2-18 years. About 80% of PBC I-cases lasted between 1 and 7 years before reaching stage II, while another 5-10 years were necessary for the development of stage III-IV. Thus it appears that in the vast majority of patients PBC lasts about 10-15 years and in some instances even more than 20 years. The finding in stage I and II of normal AP indicates a benign course, while morphological and biochemical cholestasis seems to be associated with a rather progressive course. PMID- 6217391 TI - [Clinical value of radioisotope studies in the diagnosis of lung cancer]. PMID- 6217392 TI - [Therapeutic experiences in rheumatic pain syndromes of the spine. Results of a multicenter test]. PMID- 6217393 TI - Glomerulonephritis in schistosomiasis with mesangial IgM deposits. PMID- 6217394 TI - Development of cell mediated immunity to flagellar antigens and acquired resistance to infection by Trypanosoma cruzi in mice. PMID- 6217395 TI - Effect of hormones and growth factors on alkaline phosphatase activity and collagen synthesis in cultured rat calvariae. AB - Studies on the direct effects of hormones and growth factors on bone alkaline phosphatase have been limited to parathyroid hormone (PTH) and 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3] and have not been compared to other parameters of bone formation. Insulin, PTH, 1,25(OH)2D3, epidermal and fibroblast growth factors (EGF, FGF) were examined for their effects on alkaline phosphatase activity and type I, [alpha 1 (I)]2 alpha 2, collagen synthesis in cultures of 21 day fetal rat calvariae. After 24 hr and 96 hr of treatment, insulin increased whereas PTH, 1,25(OH)2D3, EGF and FGF inhibited calvarial alkaline phosphatase activity and the incorporation of 3H-proline into collagenase-digestible protein and type I collagen. The agents tested did not affect the release of alkaline phosphatase into the culture medium. Although type I collagen was the only collagen detected, a small amount of another collagen might have been also synthesized. The hormonal effects on alkaline phosphatase activity and type I collagen synthesis were of greater magnitude after 96 hr than after 24 hr of continuous exposure to the agents tested and the two parameters correlated well (r = 0.88 after 96 hr and r = 0.97 after 24 hr of treatment. These studies indicate that insulin increases bone alkaline phosphatase activity and type I collagen synthesis in calvariae whereas PTH, 1,25(OH)2D3, EGF and FGF have an inhibitory effect. The results suggest that these agents affect osteoblastic function. PMID- 6217396 TI - Postreplication repair in E. coli: strand exchange reactions of gapped DNA by RecA protein. AB - We have used a sensitive gel electrophoresis assay to detect the products of Escherichia coli RecA protein catalysed strand exchange reactions between gapped and duplex DNA molecules. We identify structures that correspond to joint molecules formed by homologous pairing, and show that joint molecules are converted by RecA protein into heteroduplex monomers by reciprocal strand exchanges. However, strand exchanges only occur when there is a 3'-terminus complementary to the single stranded DNA in the gap. In the absence of a complementary free end, the two DNA molecules pair and short heteroduplex regions are formed by localised interwinding. PMID- 6217397 TI - Zygotic induction of the rac locus can cause cell death in E. coli. AB - Conjugational transfer of the rac locus of E. coli K-12 into a Rac- recipient strain (i.e. rac+ X rac-) results in the killing of a majority of the recipient cells. The efficiency of killing depends somewhat on the plating medium, and can be as high as 98%. The killing is not observed in the rac+ X rac+, rac- X rac- or rac- X rac+ configurations. The rac locus, which has the properties of a cryptic prophage, may carry a function analogous to the kil function of bacteriophage lambda, or may instead cause killing by some replication related process. PMID- 6217398 TI - A rho-independent termination caused by the cloned inverted nut L site of phage lambda. AB - For studying the termination activity of inverted nutL site of bacteriophage lambda, we have constructed a plasmid carrying the nutL fragment oriented reversely with respect to cloned lambda promoter p'R-directed transcription. The results of in vitro transcription on this plasmid template and S1 mapping assay reveal that the termination of p'R-promoted transcription at inverted nutL site is a rho-independent event. This nutL terminator shares several features with the other known sites of transcription termination, including (i) a uridine-rich 3' terminal RNA sequences,--UUAAUUUUU-OH, (ii) a GC-rich region in the DNA immediately preceding the site of termination, (iii) a region of dyad symmetry in the DNA which, in transcript, is capable of forming a stable hairpin containing four GC base pairs and one AU base pair in its stem. PMID- 6217399 TI - Temperature-sensitive mutant rho-115 rho-RNA binary complexes, and stabilization by substrates and analogues. AB - To determine the molecular basis for the temperature-sensitivity of pure rho RNA dependent ATPase from Escherichia coli mutant rho-115 cells, we investigated mutant rho binding to [3H] polyC as measured by retention on nitrocellulose filters. Complexes of wild-type rho and polyC incubated at 37 degrees C and 45 degrees C were similarly stable. At 37 degrees C mutant rho-polyC binary complexes were inactivated at a slightly faster rate than complexes with wild type rho. Upon shift to 45 degrees C the quantity of rho-115 bound to polyC declined immediately, resulting in one-fifth of the quantity of complexes observed at 37 degrees C. Shift back to 37 degrees C restored the level of observed complexes by two-fold. The inclusion of ATP or the analogue beta-gamma methylene ATP during 45 degrees C incubation resulted in stable mutant rho-polyC complexes. The hydrolysis product ADP was also effective in stabilizing binary complexes at 45 degrees C but this effect was observed with an order of magnitude more ADP than ATP. Adenine, adenosine, AMP or Pi had no stabilizing effect. We conclude that the mutant rho-115 protein exhibits a structural instability as a result of binding RNA. Furthermore ATP confers a wild-type phenotype upon rho-115 protein, probably as a result of conformational change due to binding of this compound. The effect of ATP on the stability of mutant rho-polyC binary complexes supports the model of ATP modulation of rho-RNA interaction proposed by Galluppi and Richardson (1980). PMID- 6217400 TI - Trans-dominant mutation affecting restriction and modification in Escherichia coli K-12. AB - We have analysed the mechanism of action of a ts mutation in E. coli, which has an effect on the expression of the restriction and modification phenotype. The frequencies of recombinants obtained in transduction experiments support the idea that the temperature sensitive mutation is located outside the hsd operon in the gene denoted hsd.X. Complementation experiments demonstrated the trans-dominant nature of the temperature sensitive mutation. The possible role of the hsd.X product in the formation of EcoR.K and EcoM.K complexes and their interaction with the recognition site on the DNA is discussed. PMID- 6217401 TI - Induction of c-mutations in extracellular phage lambda by gamma-rays. AB - Mutagenic action of 60Co gamma-rays on extracellular phages lambda red1 and lambda red113 after irradiation in 4% nutrient broth in the absence or in the presence of 0.1 M cysteamine or in dried samples was studied. The yield of c mutations was almost independent of the repair genotype of the host cells (uvrA6, polA1, recA13, lexA102, uvrE502, uvrD3 or xthA9), of the phage Red function and of the conditions of gamma-irradiation and was 1 . 10(-12) per base pair and 1 rad. When the SOS-repair system of the host cells was induced by moderate UV irradiation, the yield of c-mutations was drastically enhanced in phage irradiated in broth, but not in phage irradiated in the dried state. These data allow us to suppose that the direct action of gamma-rays induces, in phage DNA, premutational lesions that are fixed into mutations by replication. On the other hand after gamma-irradiation in broth, when indirect radiation effects are only partially suppressed, about 85% of premutational lesions are converted into mutations by means of the inducible, errorprone SOS-repair system. PMID- 6217402 TI - 2-aminopurine induced DNA repair in E. coli. AB - The survival of UV-irradiated lambda phages is increased when host bacteria are grown in the presence of the base analogue 2-aminopurine (2AP) before infection. This increase in survival, which we have called "2AP-reactivation" depends upon the concentration of 2AP and the time of exposure to 2AP. 2AP-reactivation can be distinguished from Weigle-reactivation in that it is not accompanied by an increase in mutagenesis, does not act on the single-stranded DNA bacteriophage phi X174, and occurs in recA and lexA bacteria. 2AP reactivation does not appear to involve known systems of recombinational repair, as it occurs in recB and recF bacteria, or excision repair, as it occurs in uvrA and uvrB bacteria. It is however dependent upon DNA polymerase I. PMID- 6217403 TI - Cell survival, UV-reactivation and induction of prophage lambda in Escherichia coli K12 overproducing RecA protein. AB - The effect of the cellular level of RecA protein on the ability of E. coli K12 bacteria to (i) survive UV-irradiation (ii) promote UV-reactivation of UV-damaged phage lambda (iii) induce prophage lambda was determined in bacterial mutants with discrete increasing levels of RecA protein. The various levels of RecA protein were obtained by combining lexA and recA alleles. Except for the double mutant lexA3 recAo98, whose repair ability was 25% less than that observed in wild type bacteria, bacterial survival was proportional to the level of RecA protein measured after 90 min of incubation. In lexA3 recAo98 bacteria, RecA protein, at a constitutive high basal level, failed to compensate totally for the lack of LexA repressor cleavage; UV-reactivation of UV-damaged phage lambda was not restored; yet, prophage lambda was induced with 35% efficiency. Efficient UV induction of prophage lambda is linked to the induction of lexA-controlled host processes that repair the UV-damaged prophage. PMID- 6217404 TI - Some physiological changes during anesthesia for laparoscopy. AB - Twenty women studied for diagnostic or therapeutic laparoscopy with intraperitoneal insufflation of carbon dioxide. There were circulatory changes, dysrrhythmias, elevated central venous pressure and arterial blood pressure, hypercarbia, decrease in pH and increased peak air way pressure. With abdominal decompression all changes returned to within normal values. PMID- 6217405 TI - Synthesis of glucan on the cell surface of Streptococcus mutans: chemical and scanning electron microscopic studies. AB - The appearance and continuing growth of extracellular material on Streptococcus mutans HS6 cells in sucrose-containing Merthiolated buffer was observed in a scanning electron microscope and was found to be related to the glucan synthesis on the cell and to adherence of the cell to a smooth surface. Cells grown in broth completely deprived of sucrose by invertase (HS6-IV) had a characteristic, slightly rugged surface structure. On incubation of HS6-IV in the sucrose containing buffer, a few small globular particles appeared on the surface and grew to an irregular shape (globular to fibrilar) after several hours. The increase in the total glucan content of the cells paralleled the growth of the globular material, to which ferritin-conjugated anti-dextran globulin was found to bind. On the cell surface of cells harvested from conventional broth, both small globular and irregular structures, which possibly formed from sucrose in the broth, existed originally and continued to grow during incubation, along with the material newly appearing on the surface. The accumulation of glucan on the cells resulted in their adherence to a glass surface. The inhibition of growth of the extracellular material on the cells by trypsin, dextranase or anti glucosyltransferase corresponded to the decrease in glucan synthesis and the loss of adhering ability. These results indicated that the material growing on the cell surface was glucan synthesized by glucosyltransferases. PMID- 6217406 TI - Suppressive effect by cooperation of splenic and peritoneal adherent cells on generation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes. AB - When spleen cells primed in vivo against allogeneic lymphoid cells were used as responder cells in secondary mixed lymphocyte cultures, a high degree of cytotoxicity was generated even in the absence of splenic adherent cells. However, removal of adherent cells from such primed responder spleen cells reduced the cytotoxicity to some extent. On the other hand, when these responder cells were transferred into the peritoneal cavity of irradiated syngeneic mice together with antigenic cells, unseparated responder cells generated a lower degree of cytotoxicity than did adherent cell-depleted responder cells. In an in vitro system, peritoneal adherent cells also suppressed the generation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes by unseparated responders; however they augmented the cytotoxic T lymphocyte generation by adherent cell-depleted responders. These adherent cell populations with augmenting activity became inhibitory when they coexisted. The mechanism of this inhibitory action remains unclear. PMID- 6217407 TI - Engineering as a clinical tool for geriatric rehabilitation. AB - Of all age-groups, the over-60 group has the highest percentage of people with permanent, incurable, progressive handicaps. Clinical research during the past 14 years at the National Institute for Rehabilitation Engineering has shown that many elderly persons with permanent vision, hearing, speech, and mobility handicaps can be helped to be happier and more independent through a multidisciplinary team approach. The team should be led by physicians specializing in geriatric medicine and should include medical specialists, industrial engineers, efficiency and mobility experts, and task-performance trainers. PMID- 6217408 TI - [Age-related characteristics of disordered biliary function in opisthorchiasis and its treatment in children in an endemic focus]. PMID- 6217409 TI - [Pathomorphological and biochemical changes in white rats infected with a Trichinella strain from Krasnodar Territory]. PMID- 6217410 TI - [Procedure for controlling enterobiasis]. PMID- 6217411 TI - [Epidemiology of visceral leishmaniasis in Dzhalilabad District, Azerbaijan SSR (results of seroepidemiologic studies)]. PMID- 6217412 TI - Isolation of calcium-transporting lipid from the mitochondrial glycolipoprotein. AB - From the mitochondrial Ca2+-transporting glycolipoprotein (GLP) the lipid was isolated which induced Ca2+-translocation through bilayer lipid membranes. Electroconductivity of modified phospholipid membranes in the presence of CaCl2 is increased 150-200 times. At 10-fold CaCl2 gradient a generation of membrane potential is observed close to its theoretical value. It is shown that the lipid forms separate conductivity channels of 10 and 20 pS in the bilayer. The mode of action of GLP in the membrane is proposed. It is assumed that the carbohydrate part of GLP is a selective receptor-accumulator for Ca2+, whereas the function of the lipid component consists in forming channels in the bilayer. PMID- 6217413 TI - Cycloheximide and heat shock induce new polypeptide synthesis in Neurospora crassa. AB - Treatment of Neurospora crassa with 0.1 microgram of cycloheximide per ml, a concentration which inhibited protein synthesis by about 70%, resulted in the greatly enhanced synthesis of at least three polypeptide bands with estimated molecular weights of 88,000, 30,000, and 28,000. A temperature shift from 25 to 37 degrees C resulted in the appearance of a single new polypeptide band of 70,000 daltons, the same size as the major heat shock-induced proteins observed in species of Drosophila and Dictyostelium. Synthesis of the cycloheximide stimulated polypeptide bands was on cytoplasmic ribosomes rather than on mitochondrial ribosomes, as incorporation of isotope into the polypeptide bands was inhibited by 1.0 microgram of cycloheximide per ml but not by 1 mg of chloramphenicol per ml. In a mutant with cycloheximide-resistant ribosomes, 0.1 microgram of cycloheximide per ml failed to alter the pattern of protein synthesis from that of the controls. It is suggested that the new synthesis of the polypeptide bands reflects specific mechanisms of adaptation to different kinds of environmental stress, including inhibition of protein synthesis and temperature increases. PMID- 6217414 TI - Actin from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - Inhibition of DNase I activity has been used as an assay to purify actin from Saccharomyces cerevisiae (yeast actin). The final fraction, obtained after a 300 fold purification, is approximately 97% pure as judged by sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis. Like rabbit skeletal muscle actin, yeast actin has a molecular weight of about 43,000, forms 7-nm-diameter filaments when polymerization is induced by KCl or Mg2+, and can be decorated with a proteolytic fragment of muscle myosin (heavy meromyosin). Although heavy meromyosin ATPase activity is stimulated by rabbit muscle and yeast actins to approximately the same Vmax (2 mmol of Pi per min per mumol of heavy meromyosin), half-maximal activation (Kapp) is obtained with 14 micro M muscle actin, but requires approximately 135 micro M yeast actin. This difference suggests a low affinity of yeast actin for muscle myosin. Yeast and muscle filamentous actin respond similarly to cytochalasin and phalloidin, although the drugs have no effect on S. cerevisiae cell growth. PMID- 6217415 TI - Thymidylate synthetase overproduction in 5-fluorodeoxyuridine-resistant mouse fibroblasts. AB - We describe the isolation and characterization of a series of 5 fluorodeoxyuridine (FdUrd)-resistant mouse 3T6 cell lines that overproduce thymidylate synthetase (TS) by up to 50-fold compared with the parental cells. The resistant cells were selected by growing 3T6 cells or a methotrexate resistant 3T6 cell line (M50L3, isolated previously in our laboratory) in gradually increasing concentrations of FdUrd. Uridine and cytidine were included in the culture medium to reduce toxicity from metabolic products of FdUrd. Cells that were resistant to the drug by virtue of loss of thymidine kinase activity were eliminated by selection in medium containing hypoxanthine, methotrexate, and thymidine. M50L3 cells were found to adapt to FdUrd more readily than 3T6 cells. A number of clones were isolated that were able to grow in the presence of 3 microM (M50L3 derived) or 0.3 microM (3T6 derived) FdUrd. Several were found to overproduce TS by 10 to 50-fold compared with normal 3T6 cells. All were found to have thymidine kinase activity, although the enzyme level was significantly reduced in some clones. The overproduced TS was inactivated by 5 fluorodeoxyuridylic acid at the same concentration as the enzyme from 3T6 cells. TS was purified from the LU3-7 clone (50-fold overproducer) by affinity chromatography on methotrexate-polyacrylamide. The monomer molecular weight was about 38,000, which was the same as the molecular weight of the monomer in 3T6 cells. The overproduction trait was gradually lost (half-life, 3 weeks) when LU3 7 cells were grown in the absence of FdUrd. The overproducing cells will provide an abundant supply of TS and (very likely) its mRNA and may serve as a convenient model system for detailed studies of the regulation of TS gene expression during the cell cycle. PMID- 6217416 TI - Binding sites for Fc gamma receptors on immunoglobulin G and factors influencing their expression. PMID- 6217417 TI - Characterization of complement receptors. PMID- 6217418 TI - Interactions between receptors for antigen and receptors for antibody--a review. PMID- 6217419 TI - Phytohaemagglutinin-induced susceptibility to lysis by natural and activated killer cells of autologous allogeneic and xenogeneic target cells. PMID- 6217420 TI - [High performance gymnasts during the period of growth]. AB - Twenty-two high-performance gymnasts between 12 and 22 years of age were examined for possible vertebral column damage following three years of training in a federal sports center. Half of the gymnasts complained of generalized back pain. Three gymnasts presented with kyphosis, five with a flat back, three with hyperlordosis, and six with an abnormal position of the lumbar spine. Normal X rays were obtained from four athletes, although seven presented with marked Scheuermann's disease. In three cases, differential diagnosis was necessary between spondylitic deformation with vertebral rim disarticulation and persisting apophysis. Despite the radiologically pathological findings, the gymnasts were mainly asymptomatic. This could be due to the hypertrophied dorsispinal and abdominal musculature which compensates for the pathological osseous structure. There is an urgent need for critical medical consultation in high-performance gymnastics involving children and youth. PMID- 6217421 TI - [Percutaneous transluminal catheter dilatation. Increased indications]. PMID- 6217422 TI - Sulfite suppresses the mutagenic property of coffee. AB - The mutagenicity of instant and freshly brewed coffee on Salmonella typhimurium TA100 and TA98 without S9 mix was inactivated by sodium sulfite. Sulfite ion at a dose of 200 ppm almost completely inactivated the mutagenicity of coffee made in the ordinary way (5-15 mg dry weight/ml). Sodium bisulfite and potassium metabisulfite had similar effects. On the contrary, L-ascorbic acid enhanced the mutagenicity of coffee. Sodium sulfite also inactivated the phage-inducing activity of coffee in inductest III. Sodium sulfite completely suppressed the mutagenicities of 1,2-dicarbonyls, namely diacetyl and glyoxal. Diacetyl is present in coffee, beer, butter and other foods and drinks. Because sodium sulfite, sodium bisulfite and potassium metabisulfite are widely used as food additives, they should be useful in reducing the levels of mutagens in foods. PMID- 6217423 TI - Acquired immune deficiency in Haitians: opportunistic infections in previously healthy Haitian immigrants. AB - We describe acquired immune deficiency manifested by opportunistic infections in 10 previously healthy heterosexual Haitian men. The opportunistic pathogens included Toxoplasma gondii (in four patients), Cryptococcus neoformans (in one), Pneumocystis carinii (in four patients), and Candida albicans (in three). Six of the patients also had Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Immunologic studies of three patients showed a decrease in the numbers and activity of helper T cells, with normal or increased populations of suppressor T cells. Serologic markers for previous infections from hepatitis A, cytomegalovirus, and herpes simplex virus were detected in several patients. Six of the patients died despite specific antimicrobial therapy. The clinical and immunologic findings in these 10 Haitians are similar to those reported in drug addicts and homosexuals with the acquired immune-deficiency syndrome. PMID- 6217424 TI - Immunologic studies in cimetidine-induced nephropathy and polymyositis. PMID- 6217425 TI - Low Ca2+ impedes cross-bridge detachment in chemically skinned Taenia coli. AB - Muscle force is generated by cycling cross-bridges between actin and myosin filaments. In smooth muscle, cyclic attachment and detachment of cross-bridges is thought to be induced by a Ca2+- and calmodulin-dependent myosin light chain kinase which phosphorylates myosin. The relaxation that occurs after Ca2+ removal is usually ascribed to dephosphorylation of myosin by a phosphatase as non phosphorylated myosin is unable to form force-generating criss-bridges. Recently, Dillon et al. claimed, however, that dephosphorylation of attached cross-bridges may impede cross-bridge detachment, thus forming so-called 'latch bridges'. Here we present evidence that after a Ca2+- and calmodulin-induced contraction of chemically skinned guinea pig Taenia coli, the rapid removal of Ca2+ impedes the detachment of the myosin cross-bridges from the actin filament; force can then be maintained without energy consumption. The extremely slowly detaching cross bridges which maintain the force after Ca2+ removal may indeed correspond to the 'latch bridges' mentioned above. PMID- 6217426 TI - [Diagnosis and prevention of chromosome aberrations]. PMID- 6217427 TI - Suppressor cells in stable dialysis and transplant patients. AB - Assays for suppressor cells were used to investigate the immunological status of uraemic patients (39) and transplant patients (66), and results were compared with those for normal controls (52). The functional assays were depletion of suppressor activity by preincubation (suppressor index) and the concanavalin-A inducible suppressor assay and, in the uraemic patients, T gamma, T mu, and T0 cells were enumerated. The results of these assays were discordant, supporting previous suggestions that they measure different suppressor cell populations. The level of concanavalin-A-inducible suppressor cell activity was significantly below normal in both uraemic and transplant patients. The number of T mu cells in uraemia was significantly reduced. The findings do not support the possibility that suppressor cells are involved in the immunodeficiency of uraemia or the maintenance of renal transplants. Moreover, it could be suggested that uraemic toxaemia depresses both helper and suppressor modalities with the net effect being a 'pan-deficiency' of immune function. PMID- 6217428 TI - The effect of inhibition of hexosemonophosphate shunt on the metabolism of glucose and function in rat brain in vivo. AB - Rats treated 4 hr previously with 6-aminonicotinamide showed a twenty-four fold increase of [14C]phosphogluconate in the adult brain at 30 min after injection of [U-14C]glucose indicating a blockade of the hexosemonophosphate shunt. There was a significant increase in the 14C-content of glucose and glucose-6-phosphate, and a decrease in that of amino acids. [14C]Phosphoglycerate content showed no consistent change after 6-aminonicotinamide treatment. The concentration of glucose and glucose 6-phosphate increased significantly without a significant change in the lactate pool in the brain of 6-aminonicotinamide treated rats. The rate of utilization of glucose in the brain of control rats was 0.73 mumol/min per g of brain. It decreased by 16% in rats treated with 6-aminonicotinamide; the results suggested that both glycolysis and pyruvate oxidation were affected. The amount of glucose utilized in the brain by the hexosemonophosphate shunt was approximately 0.0093 mumol/min per g of brain, i.e. 1.3% of the total rate of utilization of glucose. The observed changes were not due to hypothermia. The rate of glucose utilization was higher in animals exposed to higher ambient temperature and to stress caused by handling. The results were explained by postulating a role for the hexosemonophosphate shunt in providing neurotransmitter amino acids glutamate and gamma-aminobutyrate, and interdependence of brain function and glucose utilization. PMID- 6217429 TI - Collateral pathways in lumbar epidural venography. Report of three cases. AB - Opacification of collateral pathways other than the central channels is very rare in lumbar epidural venography. Two cases of opacification of the inferior mesenteric vein following extravasation of contrast medium at the tip of the lateral sacral vein catheter are reported. One case is presented in which filling of normal parametrial venous plexuses and the left ovarian vein occurred as a consequence of incompetent or absent valves in the internal iliac vein. The literature containing comparable collateral flow patterns in disease is reviewed. The significance of the phlebographic features in our cases is discussed. PMID- 6217430 TI - Early management of hypercalcemic crisis: case report and literature review. PMID- 6217431 TI - [Asymmetric hypertrophy of the left ventricle]. PMID- 6217433 TI - Reducing low back pain during pregnancy. AB - The importance of introducing a prenatal health teaching program, aimed at reducing low back pain during pregnancy cannot be overlooked. The principles of exercise that are presently incorporated into childbirth education classes are not usually introduced until the third trimester. These points could be more helpful to a woman if introduced earlier in pregnancy. By following the fundamental principles of good posture, proper body mechanics, exercise and the use of proper footwear, low back pain can be effectively reduced during pregnancy. PMID- 6217432 TI - [Carcinoid cardiopathy]. AB - A series of 5 males and 2 females aged 23-73 yr with carcinoid cardiopathy is presented, all of them with clinical and instrumental signs of liver metastasis. The main clinical signs were dyspnoea and asthenia rendered ingravescent by effort, and, in the later stage, a frank picture of congestive cardiac decompensation. All subjected presented stethoscopic evidence of tricuspid valvulopathy, combined with pulmonary stenosis in 2 cases. The ECG picture displayed a constant reduction in cardiac potentials, together with right branch bundle block in 3 cases. In cases where an echocardiogram was taken, this confirmed tricuspid involvement. The disease progressed in all cases, and four patients died as a result of terminal liver failure. PMID- 6217434 TI - Crouzon's syndrome. PMID- 6217435 TI - [Results of conservative treatment of amblyopia and strabismus at a specialized kindergarten in Ivanovo]. PMID- 6217436 TI - [Boris Isaevich Berliner (on the 75th anniversary of his birth)]. PMID- 6217437 TI - Effects of a directive return to work approach in the treatment of workman's compensation patients with chronic pain. AB - The incidence of work resumption of two groups of differentially treated workman's compensation patients with chronic pain was retrospectively examined. Significantly more patients who were directed to return to work during the treatment program (group II) did so (60%), than did patients in another group (group I) who were similarly treated but for whom work return was not a component of therapy (25%). At follow-up an average of 9.6 months later, 90% of the group II patients were still working. As well, patients in group II were receiving fewer compensation benefits and had received less additional treatment for their pain than group I patients. PMID- 6217438 TI - Lumbar canal stenosis. AB - Lumbar canal stenosis has been well recognised as a cause of low backache. A study was undertaken to find out the incidence of lumbar canal stenosis in Indian adults from 1 July 1978 to 30 June 1981. The diagnosis was based on clinical, radiological and myelographic findings. The majority of adults in the fourth decade were found to be suffering from degenerative arthritis of the apophyseal joints with thickened ligamentum flavum. Congenital stenosis cases were few. Decompression of the stenosed canal by laminectomy of the stenosed segments and excision of thickened ligamentum flavum, or any osseous element in the posterolateral compartment, gave lasting relief from backache and intermittent claudication. Incidence of pure relative stenosis is higher than pure absolute stenosis amongst Indian adults. PMID- 6217439 TI - [Arthus phenomenon in the wall of the stomach as a model for studying peptic ulcer]. PMID- 6217440 TI - Sudden death in sports. AB - I have stressed the known medical and environmental factors associated with unexpected, sudden death in sports in children, and I have recommended restrictions or environmental alterations to prevent sudden death associated with an individual sport. Medical problems such as cardiomyopathies, posterior mitral valve leaflet syndrome, and underlying congenital heart problems have been related, when possible, to their role in sudden deaths related to sport. I have emphasized the abnormalities of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, Marfan's syndrome, and the need to monitor constantly the medical, environmental, and safety factors for all sports in which our youth now actively participate. PMID- 6217441 TI - [Epidemiology and prevention of digestive system diseases in children and the principles of organization of pediatric health services]. PMID- 6217442 TI - [Significance of bone scintigraphy in the observation of the therapeutic effects in metastatic bone cancer]. PMID- 6217443 TI - The effects of rumen fluid on the content of zearalenone in animal fodder. AB - The object of the study was to clarify whether rumination has a bearing on the decomposition of zearalenone in the metabolism of the toxin or not. The experiment was performed using rumen fluid in vitro. Rumen fluid samples containing various amounts of zearalenone were incubated in a carbon dioxide atmosphere at 38 degrees C for two days. The zearalenone content was determined by liquid chromatography after 0, 4, 24 and 48 hours incubation periods. The incubation of 4 hours decreased the toxin content by 11%, that of 24 h by 29% and that of 48 h by 37.5% on average. These results indicate that the quantity of zearalenone and the quality of rumen fluid have effects on the ratio of the toxin decomposed. PMID- 6217444 TI - The effects of "Gasol" grain preservative dosages on the growth of Fusarium graminearum and the quantity of the toxin zearalenone. AB - In earlier experiments regarding the effects of preservative "Gasol" (containing various acids and additional compounds and intended for whole grain preservations) in recommended dosages, prevents the growth of Fusarium graminearum and reduces the amount of zearalenone when added to milled grain. It was proved in the tests carried out that the smaller dosages of "Gasol" were sufficient for the prevention of growth of the fungus and reduction in quantity of zearalenone. The degree to which the toxin was destroyed depended on the dosage of the preservation. A dosage twice as strong as that recommended in the instructions for practice destroyed all the toxin formed in the grain. A very small dosage of "Gasol" (1/8 of recommended dosage) prevented the growth of the fungus and only slightly reduced the amount of toxin only at the beginning of the test. Later, the growth of the fungus was more vigorous and significantly more toxin was present in the treated grain than in the grain which had never been treated with the preservatives, it has been proved that the preservative PMID- 6217445 TI - [Fibroscopy in gynecology: fibrohysteroscopy and fibrotuboscopy]. AB - Two applications of fiberoscopy to gynaecology -- fiberohysteroscopy and fiberotuboscopy -- have now been tested with very encouraging preliminary results. The small caliber of the instruments, the ease with which they can be manipulated and oriented are opening a new field: endoscopic surgery of the uterus and Fallopian tubes. Simple technical improvements will eventually make this material more suitable for routine gynaecological practice. PMID- 6217446 TI - [Parietal hematoma of the trunk. Value of tomodensitometry]. PMID- 6217447 TI - Neocarzinostatin chromophore-DNA adducts: evidence for a covalent linkage to the oxidized C-5' of deoxyribose. AB - The nonprotein chromophore of neocarzinostatin forms a variety of adducts with DNA. The predominant adduct recovered from nuclease digests of chromophore treated poly(dA-dT). poly(dA-dT) is a compound with structure chromophore d(TpApT). Mild acid hydrolysis of this compound released free adenine, while snake venom exonuclease (pH 6.5) released 5'-dTMP leaving in both cases adducts of slightly altered chromatographic mobility. These results eliminate adenine and 5'-dTMP as possible sites of covalent chromophore attachment. Electrophoresis data suggest that the adduct is not a phosphotriester. At pH 8.6, chromophore d(TpApT) spontaneously hydrolyzed, releasing chromophore and 3'-dTMP, leaving a modified d(ApT) which contained deoxyadenosine-5'-aldehyde. Deoxyadenosine-5' aldehyde was released from the modified d(ApT) by snake venom exonuclease, and identified by a series of derivatizations including 1) mild oxidation to deoxyadenosine-5'-carboxylic acid, 2) NaBH4 reduction to deoxyadenosine, and 3) formation of a hydrazone with phenylhydrazine. Since deoxyadenosine-5'-aldehyde cannot exist as such in the chromophore-d(TpApT) adduct, we suggest that the chromophore may be covalently attached to the C-5' of deoxyadenosine as a phosphorylacetal or similar structure. Hydrolysis of the chromophore-acetal bond at pH 8.6 would leave a phosphorylhemiacetal on C-5', which would be expected to spontaneously decompose to yield the observed 3'-phosphate and 5'-aldehyde groups. PMID- 6217448 TI - Base specific binding of deoxyguanylate and deoxycytidylate antibodies to double stranded DNA. AB - Antibodies raised in rabbits against deoxyguanylate and deoxycytidylate bind to 3H-lambda double stranded DNA and the binding is base specific. The concentrations of antibody populations that bind to double stranded DNA are much less than those binding to denatured DNA. Due to their low concentrations, these antibodies were not detected in earlier studies. These antibodies are expected to be useful to probe the conformational flexibilities of double stranded DNAs. PMID- 6217450 TI - Oh, my back! PMID- 6217449 TI - The nucleotide sequence at the 3'-end of Neurospora crassa 18S-rRNA and studies on the interaction with 5S-rRNA. AB - The sequence of more than 100 nucleotides at the 3'-end of Neurospora crassa 18S rRNA was determined by chemical sequencing techniques. Extensive homologies with 18S-rRNA from other eukaryotes were found. Inspection of the nucleotide sequence at the 3'-end of N. crassa 5S-rRNA revealed the presence of sequences complementary to a region near the 3'-terminus of 18S-rRNA. Under the appropriate conditions a complex was formed between 18S-rRNA and 5S-rRNA (Tm 53 degrees C). Interaction was detected between 5S-rRNA and a specific 3'-terminal fragment from 18S-rRNA and between 18S-rRNA and a specific 3'-terminal fragment from 5S-rRNA. These findings are consistent with the idea that intermolecular base-pairing between nucleotides at the 3'-ends of 18S-rRNA and 5S-rRNA may be functionally important within the ribosome. Further investigation revealed that this intermolecular base-pairing is not essential for ribosome stability. PMID- 6217451 TI - Differentiation among T lymphocytes. The cloning approach. AB - The immune response comprises a complex series of cellular interactions between antigen-presenting cells (APC) of various types and a large number of subsets of lymphocytes which belong to two main categories: B cells or the precursors of antibody-secreting cells derived from the bone marrow and T cells which do not produce antibodies and are derived from the thymus. Experiments in the last decade have led to the identification of numerous subsets of T and B cells and to the realization that the cell interactions in immune responses are extremely complex, consisting essentially of circuits and feedback loops integrated into an intricate network. We have now reached a stage where it is difficult to distinguish between what is actually happening in a response and what is thought to be occurring to fit the investigator's preconceived notions. Clearly one of the ways out of this dilemma is to clone each individual cell type within a circuit in order to identify its characteristics unequivocally, and then to attempt to reconstruct the circuit with all the cloned cells artificially. We realize that this procedure may not be optimal, since the sum is always greater than the parts, but it must surely allow a more precise identification of some of the cell types and their effects. PMID- 6217452 TI - Composite and sealant resins--past, present, and future. PMID- 6217453 TI - Retention of pit and fissure sealants placed in a dental school pedodontic clinic: a retrospective study. PMID- 6217454 TI - Relapse of Escherichia coli meningitis following therapy with moxalactam. AB - Bacteriologic relapse occurred in a premature infant with Escherichia coli K1 meningitis 11 days following the completion of a 3-week course of therapy with the new 1-oxa-beta-lactam antibiotic moxalactam. Therapeutic failure was most probably the result of sequestration of viable bacteria in ventricular and/or paraventricular sites. While in vitro data and preliminary clinical evaluation of the new beta-lactam antibiotics indicate that these agents may be useful in the treatment of neonatal Gram-negative enteric meningitis, undue optimism regarding their efficacy, as with former agents, may be unwarranted. PMID- 6217455 TI - Mezlocillin and related antibiotics. PMID- 6217456 TI - Hepatitis B vaccine. PMID- 6217457 TI - Before the patient packs. AB - Various medical conditions--cardiovascular and pulmonary problems, thrombosis, diabetes, and others--can present special risks and/or problems in travel. These should be discussed as part of a thorough predeparture evaluation with affected patients who are planning overseas travel. In addition, certain travelers may require medical follow-up on their return. Various travel medicine resource organizations, booklets, and books should be made known to all travelers. PMID- 6217458 TI - Incidence of Salmonella in fresh dressed turkeys raised under Salmonella controlled and uncontrolled environments. AB - The incidence of salmonella in turkeys from experimental salmonella-controlled and uncontrolled, or normal, flocks processed at three turkey slaughter plants were compared. The results indicate that processing salmonella-controlled turkeys in a plant that routinely kills normal birds may result in the contamination of the salmonella-controlled birds, probably due to salmonella in the plant environment. The salmonella-controlled turkeys studied tended to have a lower incidence of salmonella than normal birds. These observation indicate that salmonella control practices in turkey raising can result in a salmonella reduction in market birds even under existing commercial slaughter, evisceration, and cooling procedures. PMID- 6217459 TI - Advances in dermatology. PMID- 6217460 TI - Management of head injuries. PMID- 6217461 TI - [New solution for the resuspension and preservation of erythrocyte masses]. PMID- 6217462 TI - [Cost of drugs used to treat patients in tuberculosis hospitals]. PMID- 6217463 TI - Ovulation, ovarian 17 alpha-hydroxylase activity, and serum concentrations of luteinizing hormone, estradiol, and progesterone in immature rats with diabetes mellitus induced by streptozotocin (41500). PMID- 6217464 TI - The effect of dehydroepiandrosterone on adipose tissue cellularity in mice. PMID- 6217465 TI - Thromboxane and prostacyclin generation by intact human vessels in response to balloon catheter trauma. AB - Recent description of thromboxane (TXA2) synthesis by endothelial cells in addition to prostacyclin (PGI2) has stimulated interest in the significance of TXA2 generation by vessel walls. We studied TXA2 and PGI2 release from human umbilical veins with intact and continuous endothelium. Resting TXB2 (stable metabolite of TXA2) concentrations in umbilical vein effluent (mean 0.45 +/- 0.07 ng/ml) were lower than those of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha (stable metabolite of PGI2) (mean 92 +/- 26 ng/ml). Following mechanical trauma to the umbilical veins with a balloon catheter, documented by adherence of indium111-labeled platelets, both TXA2 and PGI2 increased in the venous effluent. Increase in TXB2 (65%) was less than that in 6-keto-PGF1 alpha (199%). These data show that a) human vessel walls generate both TXA2 and PGI2, b) both TXA2 and PGI2 increase following mechanical trauma, the former less than the latter. Vessel wall TXA2 generation may become pathologically relevant in conditions of decreased PGI2 generation. PMID- 6217466 TI - Time course analysis of para-chlorophenylalanine induced suppression of self stimulation behavior. AB - The hypothesis of a serotonergic basis of reward rests partly on data showing that serotonin (5-HT) depletion by para-chlorophenylalanine (p-CPA) causes depression of self-stimulation (SS) rates. These data do not clearly demonstrate a time course relationship between 5-HT depletion and SS suppression. The present study shows that SS behavior has fully recovered from p-CPA induced suppression when 5-HT levels are still maximally depleted. The data reveal that the effects of electrical brain SS on p-CPA induced reductions of 5-HT cannot explain the temporal dissociation between 5-HT depletion and SS suppression. As a whole the data suggest that midbrain 5-HT neurons are not critically involved in SS behavior. PMID- 6217467 TI - p-Chlorophenylalanine effects on shock-induced attack and pressing responses in rats. AB - The literature concerning the effects of d,1-parachlorophenylalanine (PCPA) upon shock-induced aggression (SIA) was examined and found to be inconsistent. PCPA, a known serotonin depletor, has behavioral effects in a variety of other procedures which collectively suggest that PCPA should produce SIA enhancement. The present study analyzed PCPA (300 mg/kg, IP) effects upon SIA in rats restrained spatially close to an inanimate target and panel operandum. The results showed marked increases in both aggressive biting and panel-pressing for several days following each PCPA treatment, for each subject tested. These data were interpreted to indicate that serotonin depletion by PCPA does indeed enhance SIA but that this effect is not selective for aggression. Potential controlling variables are suggested to account for reports of no effect on SIA after PCPA treatment. It is concluded that procedural variables may be the critical determinants of variation in reported PCPA-aggression effects across studies, rather that hypothesized differences in neurochemical mediators. PMID- 6217468 TI - Stimulation induced recurrent epileptiform discharges block cortical and subcortical spreading depression in rats. AB - Blockade of the spread depression [SD] in chemically or electrically stimulated areas of the cerebral cortex was analyzed in a series of experiments performed in 40 curarized, locally anaesthetised rats. Longlasting stimulation of the cerebral cortex (0.5 to 1.7 mA, 6 Hz, 0.1 ms) elicited recurrent episodes of enhanced evoked potentials propagating to remote cortical areas [Co], the caudate nucleus [Cd], the hippocampus [Hi] and the thalamus [Th] and was accompanied by marked slow potential shifts (4-6 mV amplitude, 2-3 min duration, at 2-5 min intervals]. The projected discharge interfered with SD initiation and propagation in all the examined structures. The SD blockade was most pronounced during the episodes and almost absent in the intervals between them. The block was manifested by reduced amplitude and duration of the slow potential of SD. Pentobarbital [20 mg/kg] suppressed the recurrent discharges and eliminated the corresponding SD blockade. Recurrent excitability changes induced by Cd and Th stimulation elicited similar effects but the threshold was higher in Cd and Th than in Co. SD was less effectively blocked by the projected discharge than by stimulation of the same structure, particularly in the vicinity of the recording electrodes, where the blockade could be observed even under pentobarbital. The SD blockade outlasted stimulation by a considerably longer period of time in Th (about 10 min) than in the Cd (about 3 min). The onset of stimulation and the projected episodes sometimes elicited SD waves but SD blockade prevailed with continued stimulation. The present findings support the hypothesis that excessive neural activity increases the potassium clearance and thus prevents the autoregenerative accumulation of potassium ions, mediating SD propagation. PMID- 6217469 TI - Relaxation of the myocardium of the perfused and ischaemic rabbit heart. AB - The decrease in the rate of relaxation of the myocardium during ischaemic impairment of metabolic processes is accompanied by a decrease in the size of contraction. If we stimulate the ischaemic heart with irregularly distributed pulses we can achieve, by an extrasystolic potentiation mechanism, isolated contractions. If we stimulate the ischaemic heart with irregularly distributed pulses we can achieve, by an extrasystolic potentiation mechanism, isolated contractions of the same size as average contractions in normal perfusion. When comparing the relaxation of such contractions in 15 perfused rabbit hearts, we found a linear correlation between the relaxation rate and the size of the contractions. If we relate to relaxation rate to contraction size, the relaxation rate in early ischaemia (1 min after stopping perfusion) is thus in most cases normal, despite the marked decrease in the size of the contractions. The size of the contractions of the ischaemic mammalian myocardium thus seems to diminish before relaxation (which is likewise energy-dependent) is affected. PMID- 6217470 TI - Acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase activity in the atria of the heart of adult albino rats. AB - In experiments on adult albino rats the authors used the substances BW 284 C51 (1.5-bis(allyldimethylammoniumphenyl)-pentane-3-one-dibromide) as a specific inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and ethopropazine (10-(2 diethylaminopropyl) phenothiazine hydrochloride) as a specific inhibitor of butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) to determine the two enzyme activities in atrial homogenates and to investigate changes after AChE or BuChE inhibition of the negative chronotropic effect of acetylcholine (ACh) on atria incubated in vitro. AChE accounted for only 12% and BuChE for 88% of the total ability of atrial homogenates to hydrolyse acetylcholine. The concentration of exogenous ACh needed to reduce the spontaneous frequency of contractions of the isolated right atrium by 30, 60, or 90/min fell by 78%, 79% and 84% respectively after BW 284 C51 inhibition of AChE and by 95%, 94% and 94% after simultaneous inhibition of AChE and BuChE. The significance of AChE in control of the negative chronotropic effect of ACh is thus evidently significantly greater than would correspond to the percentual proportion of AChE in cholinesterase activities in the atria of the rat heart. In can be assumed that AChE is functionally associated with parasympathetic innervation of the heart and that it is probably present in a high concentration in the primary pacemaker region. PMID- 6217471 TI - Free amino acids in the dog spinal cord during prolonged ischaemia. AB - The authors studied the effect of 40 and 80 minutes' occlusion of the abdominal aorta on the aspartic acid, glutamic acid, glutamine, glycine and gamma aminobutyric acid concentration in the sacral, lumbar, thoracic and cervical segments of the dog spinal cord. The most important changes were displayed by the glutamine concentration, which rose significantly after ischaemia in all the regions studied. The alanine and GABA concentration rose in the sacral and lumbar segments respectively, while the glutamic and aspartic acid concentrations in the sacral region fell. At the same time, enzyme activities degrading the synthetic substrates Leu-p-nitroanilide and Gly-p-nitroanilide increased. The significance of the findings is discussed with reference to nerve cell catabolism and function. PMID- 6217472 TI - Pattern of labelling of the rat brain stem after intraventricular administration of 3H-leucine; low and high resolution autoradiographic study. AB - The pattern of labelling of proteins of the periventricular grey matter was studied two hours after intraventricular administration of 3H-leucine by low- and high-resolution autoradiography. The pattern was investigated by computer controlled densitometry. The deposition of radioactive, proteins in the periventricular grey surrounding the mesencephalic part of the aquaeductus Sylvii was compared with that surrounding the fourth ventricle. In the former case, the distribution, of grains was in a circular area 500-600 micrometer in diameter; the densitometric tracing revealed a homogeneous distribution of the label; in the latter case, the distribution was nonhomogeneous and was limited by the tissue components forming the wall of the fourth ventricle. A comparison of the intensity of labelling (performed by a combination of low- and high-resolution autoradiography indicated: a) relatively substantial labelling of proteins of ependymal cells, b) very sparce labelling of subependymal layers, c) very high labelling ot neurones, adjacent to the subependymal layers. The significance of these findings for the interpretation of studies using the intraventricular administration of labelled amino acids for investigating brain macromolecular metabolism is discussed. PMID- 6217473 TI - Circadian rhythm and food and water intake in rats irradiated with a non-lethal dose of X-rays at different times of the day. PMID- 6217474 TI - Use of the Orlau swivel walker for the severely handicapped patient. PMID- 6217476 TI - Back to self care? PMID- 6217475 TI - Making physiotherapy more accessible: open access for general practitioners to a physiotherapy department. PMID- 6217477 TI - Incompatibility between bacteriophage lambda and the sex factor F. PMID- 6217478 TI - Our experience with combined procedures in aesthetic plastic surgery. AB - The authors report on the possibility of carrying out combined procedures for aesthetic surgery. They pinpoint the conditions necessary for the success of these techniques: surgeon, surgical team, anesthesiologist, and patient should fulfill some requirements that are indispensable. Preoperative and postoperative technical details are presented together with the methodology used for the most important associated procedures. The advantages of these techniques are a more complete patient satisfaction owing to the simultaneous correction of her or his multiple aesthetic problems, decreased hospitalization length and costs (if compared with multistaged surgical corrections), and decreased doctor and patient time investment. No important difference as far as general clinical complications or the aesthetic results were noticed after these procedures. The importance of a qualified team approach is underlined as a condition sine qua non. Otherwise, these techniques would be extremely difficult and risky. Data on personal experience are given, and finally, the authors emphasize the fact that combined procedures for aesthetic surgery are only a possibility that can be performed when all the basic principles and conditions are strictly respected, not a treatment of choice. PMID- 6217479 TI - Lack of central 5-hydroxytryptamine influence on the anticonflict activity of diazepam. AB - This study examined the effects of various drug treatments (IP injections) proposed to modify central 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) activity on a conditioned suppression of drinking behavior in water-deprived rats. The subjects were trained to drink their daily water requirement during a 10-min session. Intermittent tone periods of 7 s were then introduced, the last 5 s of which the drinking tube was electrified. The animals gradually suppressed tube contacts during the tone to a low constant level within 2 weeks of training. Diazepam increased punished responding dramatically. The 5-HT antagonists methysergide (1 18 mg/kg), cyproheptadine (1 - 18 mg/kg), metergoline (0.25 - 2.0 mg/kg) and cinanserin (10 - mg/kg) failed to induce large, reliable increases in punished responding. When a low dose of diazepam was combined with 5-HT antagonists, only one treatment, methysergide at 3 mg/kg, potentiated the anticonflict activity of diazepam. Acute or chronic treatment with PCPA increased behavior suppressed by punishment, but this effect was weak, brief, and poorly related to the depletion of brain 5-HT. LSD (0.3 - 100 microgram/kg) administered 1, 10, or 30 min before the test was ineffective in overcoming suppression by punishment. Mescaline (6 - 30 mg/kg) had no significant effect on punished responding. 5-HTP (18 mg/kg) decreased the number of shocks accepted, but not after pretreating with carbidopa. Pretreatment with carbidopa plus 5-HTP potentiated the anticonflict effect of diazepam. The 5-HT agonist mCPP (0.25 - 2.0 mg/kg) enhanced suppression due to punishment, but only in doses that interfered with unpunished responding. The 5-HT-releasing agent fenfluramine (0.25 - 1.0 mg/kg) did not affect this behavior. Amitriptyline pretreatment in a dose not affecting unpunished behavior (5.6 mg/kg) potentiated the diazepam-induced increase in punished responding. These results are difficult to reconcile with the proposal that suppression of behavior consequent to punishment is related to brain 5-HT activity. PMID- 6217481 TI - Oral and dental care for cancer patients receiving radiation and chemotherapy. PMID- 6217480 TI - Comparison of the pharmacological actions of desmethylclomipramine and clomipramine. AB - This research compares the effects, in mice and rats, of desmethylclomipramine (DCLOM) and clomipramine (CLOM). DCLOM antagonized the hypothermia induced in mice by reserpine or apomorphine to a much greater extent than CLOM. Reserpine ptosis in mice was depressed by DCLOM only. Similarly, only DCLOM was effective in the behavioral despair test in rats. DCLOM increased the 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) pressor effect in pithed rats, but to a lesser extent than CLOM by several factors. Only DCLOM increased the noradrenaline (NA) pressor effect. The depletion of NA induced by 6-hydroxydopamine was depressed by DCLOM only. The 5 HT depletion induced by p-chloromethamphetamine was antagonized only by CLOM. The results obtained show that the noradrenergic mechanism is of prime importance in the action of DCLOM and of much more importance than in the action of CLOM. PMID- 6217482 TI - Balloon-catheter dilatation of experimental fibrous renal artery stenosis. PMID- 6217483 TI - [Cinedensitometric flow measurements before and after angioplasty in the femoropopliteal region]. AB - In 31 patients with obstructions of the superficial femoral artery in occlusive vascular disease the flow in the popliteal artery was cinedensitometrically measured before and after angioplasty with the balloon catheter. Under resting conditions the flow was improved to the 2.63 fold value by recanalization of the 18 occlusions. By dilatation of the 13 stenoses the flow nearly could be doubled (f = 1.82). The idea is that a high flow is able to counteract to a reocclusion immediately after angioplasty. Therefore a vasodilatator should be applied in order to diminish the peripheral resistance and increase the flow in the treated region. PMID- 6217484 TI - Vein graft angioplasty with nonballoon catheters. AB - Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty that was performed in five patients who had autogenous vein bypass graft stenosis using 6-French to 10-French teflon catheters was initially successful in all patients. One graft was patent at the time of death 15 months after angioplasty. In two patients grafts are patent 14 months and 13 months, respectively, after dilatation. One stenosis recurred at four months and again at eight months and was redilated on both occasions. Graft occlusion occurred at 11 months, and although it was redilated and lysed with streptokinase, the patient required an operation during which he died. One graft occluded at two months. No complications occurred from the angioplasties. PMID- 6217485 TI - Results of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty. AB - Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (Dotter technique) was used in 2,942 cases of iliofemoral atheromatous disease. Results varied with the characteristics of the obstructing lesion (length and location) and the clinical stage of ischemia (claudication, rest pain, gangrene). Based on the foregoing, angioplasty is done either as the preferred primary treatment or for the relief of clinically advanced disease in patients unsuitable for high risk surgery. Success is favored by the use of aggregation inhibitors and single-use Teflon or balloon catheters; complications are few. PMID- 6217486 TI - Distribution and natural history of stress fractures in U.S. Marine recruits. AB - In a prospective study of stress injuries of the lower extremities of U.S. Marine recruits, we derived a frequency distribution of stress fractures. The most frequently fractured bone was the tibia (73%), while the single most common site was the posterior calcaneal tuberosity (21%). The natural history of stress fractures by scintigraphy and radiography has been outlined, showing the evolutionary changes on either study as a universal progression independent of injury site or type of stress. An identical spectrum of changes should be present within any group undergoing intense new exercise. The frequency distribution of stress fractures should be a function of differing forms and intensities of exercise, therefore, our figures should not be applied to other groups. We used the presence of a scintigraphic abnormality at a symptomatic site as the criterion for diagnosis of stress fracture. Since the distribution of skeletal radiotracer uptake is directly dependent on local metabolic activity, it is expected that a focal alteration in bone metabolism will result in a scintigram approaching 100% sensitivity for the abnormality (9). In the proper clinical setting, the specificity should approximate this figure; however, a focal, nonstress-related bone abnormality which has not manifested any radiographic change, such as early osteomyelitis, could result in a false-positive examination. Specificity cannot, therefore, be accurately determined without an actual determination of the pathologic changes within the bone, necessarily involving biopsy. In summary, we believe that we have established bone scintigraphy as an early and accurate means for the detection of lower extremity stress fractures, even in the absence of radiographic findings (6). We feel that a focally abnormal scintigram, in the proper clinical setting, establishes the diagnosis of stress fracture, with radiography to be performed at the time of initial work-up only to rule out a non-stress injury (such as complete fracture, fibrous dysplasia, osteomyelitis, primary bone tumor). PMID- 6217487 TI - The role of bone scintigraphy in the evaluation of the suspected abused child. AB - A comparison was made of the radiographic and scintigraphic skeletal surveys of 261 children who were suspected victims of abuse. Radiography was positive in 105 children and produced false-negative results in 32; scintigraphy was positive in 120 children and produced false-negative results in two. Although radiography has traditionally been used to assess the skeletal injuries of battered children, the authors conclude that scintigraphy should be the screening procedure of choice for children suspected of having been abused. PMID- 6217488 TI - Postoperative radionuclide evaluation of osteoid osteomas. AB - Five cases of clinically suspected osteoid osteomas were studied by preoperative injection of technetium-99m methylene disphosphonate, intraoperative localization with a radiation-sensitive scintillation probe, and postoperative examination of the entire tissue specimen (including the presumed nidus and surrounding bone). Microradiography and light microscopy were also used. In addition, a new autoradiography technique was introduced in which the excised surgical specimen was placed on undeveloped x-ray film for pathologic localization, diagnosis of the lesions, and a study of the relative intensity of radioactive uptake in the nidus vs. surrounding bone. Autoradiography revealed that the nidus showed the greatest concentration of radioactivity, followed by the surrounding bone. The authors conclude that 99mTc can be used clinically in localizing osteoid osteomas and that preoperative and intraoperative scanning can assist in conservative surgical excision, e.g., minimal extirpation of bone in delicate areas such as the spine. For small lesions, autoradiography assists the pathologist in identifying an osteoid osteoma. PMID- 6217489 TI - Localization of bone lesions for open biopsy. PMID- 6217490 TI - [Rare case of bullous hemorrhagic erythema caused by ampicillin]. PMID- 6217491 TI - [Health status of the population of a large city's residential area. II. Health status]. PMID- 6217492 TI - [Health policy]. PMID- 6217493 TI - [Contribution to the improvement of the results of tracheal surgery]. AB - The authors present, in the light of their personal experience acquired in the performance of surgical interventions on the trachea (a total of 13 interventions in 11 patients), some particularities of the surgical technique, as well as of the anesthetic procedures capable to improve the immediate and the late results of these interventions. The techniques suggested are aimed at preventing the operatory risks in the surgical procedures on the trachea, which is classified by the authors in three groups: tracheal risks, vascular risks, and anesthetic risks. The validity of these techniques is confirmed by the success of the surgical procedures applied, followed by the definitive recovery of the patients which were operated with the most recent experience of the authors. Two clinical observations are presented: a case of circumferential resection of the trachea in the mediastinal portion for cicatriceal stenosis, followed by termino-terminal anastomosis, and a case of cuneiform resection of the trachea in its supracarenal section for tumoral stenosis. PMID- 6217494 TI - [Occlusive dressings in the treatment of postoperative external digestive fistulas. Results after 12 years' experience]. PMID- 6217495 TI - [Modified Dubois procedure in bulbar and post-bulbar penetrating ulcers]. PMID- 6217496 TI - [Tumors of the soft parts of the extremities. Anatomoclinical and therapeutic aspects]. AB - A total of 60 cases are presented, of patients with tumours of the soft parts of the limbs, from a total of 14,000 surgical interventions. Of the total 18 were malignant tumours, while the remaining 42 cases had benign tumours. Tumours of the soft parts of the limbs include a large variety of histologic forms, and this raises particular problems of diagnosis and treatment. In the case of benign tumours the treatment is better codified, and consists in the removal of the tumour by simple enucleation. Recidives are possible because of the infra clinical peritumoral invasion. In the case of malignant tumors the treatment is more differentiated, depending on the histologic type, the degree of malignancy, the stage of evolution, and on evolutive characteristics. Surgery remains an essential part of the treatment, and either limited or radical surgical solutions (amputation) are used. Frequently radiation and chemical therapy are associated, with good results. Six clinical observations are presented: rhabdomyosarcoma of the recidivating type, multi-recidivating fibrosarcoma, fibromyxosarcoma, varicose ulcers with malignant evolution, and two cases of liposarcoma. The cooperation is stressed, which should exist between the surgeon, the pathologist, radiologist and oncologist, for the diagnosis and treatment of these affections. PMID- 6217497 TI - [Details of diagnosis and surgical treatment in terminal choledochal lithiasis]. AB - Lithiasis of the terminal choledocus raises problems of pre- and intraoperative diagnosis, especially when the evolution is complicated by sclero-inflammatory of the Oddi, chronic pancreatitis, or acute pancreatitis, or with angiocholitis and hepato-renal failure. The high frequency of the lithiasis of the terminal choledocus (37.72% of all cases of biliary lithiasis) makes necessary an improvement of the methods used for the exploration, and evacuation of this type of lithiasis, and for the recovery of the biliary flow. The clinical syndrome in this biliary lithiasis was predominantly of the painful type (in 20.63% of the patients), of the icteric type (58.75%), of the angiocholitic type (8.75%), or it was dominated by pancreatitis (5.95%) or peritonitis (3.06%). In the 126 cases of lithiasis of the terminal choledocus the authors have applied the following procedures: external biliary drainage (50 cases with one death), choledochduodenostomy (42 cases with 4 deaths), papillosplincterotomy of the Oddi (34 cases with 6 deaths). The high postoperative death rate (8.75%) may be related to the fact that surgery was performed in late stages in patients aged over 50 years, with severe anatomoclinical forms (icterocholangitis), with increased anesthetic and surgical risks, as well as that of postoperative complications. PMID- 6217498 TI - [Primary hepatic abscess draining through the umbilicus]. PMID- 6217499 TI - [Idiopathic multiple stenoses of the small intestine. Case report]. PMID- 6217501 TI - [Acute ischemic hypoxia of the liver]. AB - The author studied some aspects related to the acute ischaemic hypoxia of the liver using an original methodology based on the selective in situ perfusion of the liver of dogs. Hypoxia was obtained by clamping the liver pediculum for a duration of 30 minutes. In a first group of experiments the dynamics of the carbohydrate metabolism during hypoxia was followed. On this occasion was established the use of some washing solutions containing large amounts of substances involved in the protection of the hepatocytes from the viewpoint of their glycogenic stores in the course of the sampling of the liver grafts. This has important effects in maintaining the biological qualities of the organ. In a second group of experiments the involvment of the Kupffer-cell system was investigated, as a result of ischaemic hypoxia. A colloidopexia test was used, which employed 198Au. In view of obtaining an increased tolerance to hypoxia selective perfusions were carried out, with a solution containing cortison hemisuccinate and Essentiale 303. The results confirmed the lysosome-protecting effects of this solution when perfusion preceded ischaemia by 90-120 minutes. It also confirmed the test value of the colloido-pexia method. For the first time it was confirmed that there is a significant increase in the 198Au fixation in the spleen in the animals the liver of which was exposed to ischaemia. PMID- 6217500 TI - [Osseous desmoid fibroma (2 case reports)]. AB - Bone dermoid fibroma, described by Jaffe in 1958 is a benign fibroblastic tumour characterized by a remarkable tendency to expansion and to local recidives, without metastasizing. Some 38 cases have been reported to the present in the specialized literature. Two new cases are reported now, the first in the Romanian medical literature, one with localization of the tumour in the superior tibioperoneal metaphysis, and another located in the inferior femoral metaphysis. The first case recidivated after 3 surgical exereses over a period of nearly two years, and had to be amputated. The second case was solved by resection arthrodesis of the Juvara-Merle d'Aubigne type, and is currently followed-up. PMID- 6217502 TI - [The risk of pulmonary complications in surgical patients]. PMID- 6217503 TI - [Particular operations in surgery of gastric ulcer under the protection of vagotomy]. AB - There are particular situations in the frame of the surgery of gastric ulcers, when the use of classical techniques--such as extensive resections, or sub-total resections--represents a risk factor and raising doubts about the vital prognosis of the patient (dehiscence, fistula, etc.). This is especially true for highplaced lesions, the removal of which supposes either an upper polar resection, or an almost total gastrectomy. This raises some problems with suture which are doubtful, as well as the risk of the "small stomach" syndrome or the risk of accelerated evacuation. The authors suggest several possibilities for the surgery of gastric ulcers under the protection of vagotomy, which allow a good immediate and late evolution. These include the medio-gastric resection, the so called "saddle" resection, and the excision-suture resection, all being carried out under the protection of vagotomy associated to piloro-plastia. Making use of these procedures the authors have been able to maintain a more conservative attitude with regard to the stomach pouch, and to avoid some of the sequellae of the operated stomach. PMID- 6217504 TI - [Intestinal transit problems after surgery of the left colon and rectum]. PMID- 6217505 TI - [Clinical and therapeutic considerations on 201 operated hiatal hernias]. AB - A total of 201 patients have been operated over the last 8 years, presenting with hiatal hernias. Five of the patients had para-oesophagian hiatal hernia while the remaining 196 had hiatal hernias following slippage. Some 107 hernias were isolated, and had a classical etiopathogeny, with gastro-oesophagial reflux in 85% of the cases. Cardio-vascular disturbances and digestive hemorrhage were present in 15% of the cases. In 89 patients the hiatal hernias were associated with various affections in the supra-mesocolic space. There were 54 patients with biliary affections and 35 with piloro-duodenal affections. The indication for operation was established on the basis of clinical symptoms which included gastrooesophagial reflux, radiological signs of the reflux and indirect signs of oesophagitis. The surgical procedures employed were various, and included a personal procedure. The immediate and the late postoperative results were similar to those reported in the specialized literature. PMID- 6217506 TI - [Truncal vagotomy with bulbar antrectomy in the treatment of duodenal ulcer (immediate and late results)]. PMID- 6217507 TI - [Observations on 235 isolated lumbar sympathectomies performed in atherosclerotic obliterating arteriopathies]. AB - A group of 235 patients is presented in whom lumbal sympatthectomies were performed over a period of 10 years in the III-rg Surgical Clinic from Jassy, and in the County Hospital from Focsani. A review is also presented, of the controversial opinion expressed in the literature in connection with the efficiency of this type of intervention. The immediate postoperative results were good in 91.9% of all cases and after 10 years the results were good and moderate in 72.2% of all subjects. The disappearance of paresthesia, the maintenance of a warm leg, with a well-outlined subcutaneous venous network, as well as the increased intervals between claudication bouts, make the isolated lumbal sympathectomy an excellent palleative intervention in patients with arteriosclerotic obliterating arteriopathies. PMID- 6217508 TI - [H-like latero-lateral mesenterico-caval anastomosis with dacron graft, the so called Drapanas operation]. PMID- 6217509 TI - [Device for improving continuous trans-skeletal extension (patent application)]. PMID- 6217510 TI - [Primary carcinoid of the liver]. PMID- 6217511 TI - [Non-parasitic solitary cysts of the liver, compressing the hepatic pedicle, with secondary obstructive jaundice]. PMID- 6217512 TI - [Mechanical jaundice prolonged for a period of 2 years, found in a 4-year-old child]. AB - The case of a child is presented, aged 4.5 years, in whom, following a simple enterocolitis that had not been treated, developed jaundice. This was considered and treated for over two years as being either a viral or a chronic hepatitis. The hepatic functions were severely altered and the physical development of the child was considerably retarded. Surgical intervention revealed the presence of pericystic adenopaty and involvement of peri-choledocal lymphatic tissue, associated to dilatation of the external biliary pathways which were filled with calculi and biliary mud. Following the removal of the obstacles inside and outside the choledocus and the cystic canal recovery occurred in a three weeks period. The liver recovered its normal size, and the functions of the liver were completely recuperated. PMID- 6217513 TI - [Giant cystadenoma of the head of the pancreas with mechanical jaundice]. PMID- 6217514 TI - [Failure of the surgical treatment of common non-paralyzing disk sciaticas. A symposium]. PMID- 6217515 TI - [Treatment of disk sciatica by chemonucleolysis. 120 cases]. AB - One hundred and twenty patients suffering some sciatica due to disc herniation have been treated by chemonucleolysis. All the patients had received conservative treatment for at least four months. The minimum followup after nucleolysis was six months. In 114 patients, radiculography was positive and in 6, radiculography was negative but phlebography was positive. Patients with symptoms of spinal stenosis, or with signs of sequestrated disc or who had been previously operated on by laminectomy were excluded from the study. By a lateral extradural approach, 4000 units of chymopapain were injected into the disc under general anaesthesia after discography. All patients except 3 had only disc injected. Results were good in 92 patients. 21 of the 28 failures were operated on. In 18 cases, a mechanical cause was found at operation with 16 good results. Complications were rare and benign. No neurological complication was noted. It is concluded that chemonucleolysis should be the last step in the conservative management of sciatica. PMID- 6217516 TI - [Surgical treatment of cervical arthrosis. Follow-up review (2-13 years) of the 1st 100 cases operated on by anterior approach]. AB - The authors have dissected 137 cadavers and have noted the frequency of degenerative lesions of the intervertebral disc and articular facets. Calcified protrusions were more frequent than uncalcified ones. During the same period, 100 patients were operated on, 72 of whom suffered from root involvement and 28 from root and cord involvement. The Cloward technique was used at one or two levels in 90 cases and partial resection of the vertebral bodies when more than two levels were involved in 10 cases. The technique of bone resection and grafting is described in detail. Few complications were noted, all of which regressed. There was one post-operative death. Fusion was obtained in all cases. In 22 cases a post-operative kyphosis was noted. 87 patients had a true improvement in their neurological status. PMID- 6217517 TI - [70 patients operated on for sciatica without herniated disk]. AB - Seventy patients suffering from sciatica were operated in whom no disc herniation was found. In 42 instances, compression of bony origin was found. These cases were either due to general narrowing of the spinal canal with signs in the distribution of several roots with neurological intermittent claudication, or to narrowing of the lateral recess or intervertebral foramen with involvement of only one root. Decompressive surgery was always beneficial for pain. In 20 instances a disc was found to be only bulging; disc excision was performed in 17 of these patients. In 8 instances, no abnormality was found. Some patients were nevertheless cured by disc excision, a single laminectomy being useful. The incidence of additional psychological problems is discussed. It is concluded that the clinical signs should guide the surgeon rather than the radiological findings in decisions for surgical treatment. Patients who have been correctly treated by conservative means for an adequate time should be systematically operated on if they have not shown sufficient clinical improvement. PMID- 6217518 TI - [Epiphyseal vascularization during growth. Study preliminary to transplantation]. AB - A study was conducted of 50 cadavers in children and 25 immature dogs to discover more precisely the vascularization of the lower end of the femur and the iliac crest. It was concluded that it is possible to transplant these epiphyses with anastomosis of three pedicles in the same line. It was also concluded that the vascularisation differs before and after the formation of the bony epiphyseal nucleus. The cartilaginous canals which preclude the vascularisation of hyaline cartilage, the formation of the bony nucleus and the nutrition of the germinal layers of the growth plate are described. PMID- 6217519 TI - [Chronic anteromedial and anterolateral instability of the knee in athletes. Results of treatment with peripheral surgery]. AB - The authors have treated 48 unstable knees by lateral and medial ligament plasties using the Hughston technique. 36 patients were athletes who had to cease their sport because of anteromedial or anterolateral instability. 8 had previously had a menisectomy. Forty-three patients were reviewed with a follow up of 15 to 60 months. 30 patients who had both an active and a passive ligament plasty were able to undertake sporting activities but only 12 at top level. There were 13 failures. PMID- 6217521 TI - [Metatarso-phalangial arthrodesis of the big toe. Reflections apropos of 93 operations]. AB - The authors have reviewed 93 cases of arthrodesis of the first metatarso phalangeal joint performed for various conditions. In 43 cases it was done as a salvage procedure after other surgical procedures. In these cases, the rate of union was only 70 p. 100 compared with 94 p. 100 when the arthrodesis was done as a primary surgical procedure. The technique is described in detail and the use of bone grafts recommended. Functional results were satisfactory in 3 out of 4 cases. The precise position to be applied to the toe is discussed. PMID- 6217520 TI - [Surgical stabilisation of metastatic fractures of the spine]. AB - The authors have operated on 15 patients to stabilise metastatic fractures of the spine, either by an anterior approach with replacement of the vertebral body by methyl methacrylate, or by a posterior approach combining laminectomy with spine fixation. The posterior approach was considered to be better in cases of neurological impairment or in lesions of the lower lumbar spine. At cervical, thoracic and thoraco-lumbar levels, the anterior approach was preferred and gave rapid functional improvement. The use of cement allowed early walking without extensive bracing and improved the comfort of the patient. Neurological involvement was a good indication for surgery. In cases without cord lesions, the indications for treatment are related to the comfort of the patient. PMID- 6217522 TI - [Progressive lengthening of the upper limb in 2 patients]. AB - In one case, a short humerus due to trauma in infancy was lengthened by 7 cm at the age of 15 years. The operation was done in two stages. At the first stage, through a lateral approach with mobilisation of the radial nerve, an osteotomy followed by a progressive lengthening of the humerus, stabilised by an external fixator was used. The second stage employed a medial approach with a bone graft and bone fixation. In the second case, lengthening of 7 cm of the ulna to correct shortening due to a congenital defect was performed. In both cases the functional and cosmetic results were satisfactory despite transitory radial or ulnar palsies. PMID- 6217523 TI - [A case of an accessory soleus muscle]. AB - The authors describe a case of accessory soleus muscle they have seen. It caused the development of a painful swelling on the medial side of the lower third of the leg with progressive equinovarus deformity of the foot. The upper attachment of the accessory muscle was in front of the normal muscle and distally was attached to the inner aspect of the calcaneus. The case was treated by transferring the accessory tendon to the tendo Achillis. 7 other cases reported in the literature are discussed in detail. PMID- 6217524 TI - [Disarticulation of the knee. Surgical technic--prosthesis fitting]. AB - The authors describe a modified technique for knee joint disarticulation surgery. Their approach provides two flaps, one medial and one lateral, which result in a posterior, longitudinal scar that remains outside the contact areas of the prosthesis. They abrade the lateral and posterior aspect of each condyle, peeling out the articular cartilage and re-covering the condyles with the joint capsule. This technique allows a satisfactory stability in prosthetic rotation, and improves the appearance of the artificial limb. For post-operative rehabilitation the authors use a tridimensional alignment jig and a prosthetic ankle with three degrees of freedom: flexion-extension, lateral-medial motion and rotation, making easier the swing phase while maintaining the obvious advantages of a pilon-type prosthesis. PMID- 6217525 TI - [Osteoblastoma of 4th cervical vertebrae. Report of a case with hypertrophy of the posterior arch of 3 vertebrae]. AB - The case of a man aged 22 suffering from pain in the right side of the neck is described. Radiographs showed marked hypertrophy of the articular processes of C3, C4 and C5. C-T scanning confirmed this and showed a protrusion into the cervical canal at C.4 level. At operation, this protrusion was found to be due to an osteoblastoma. At first it was thought that the hypertrophy of the articular processes from C.3 to C.5 were due to extension of the osteoblastoma to three levels but later it was concluded that the hypertrophy was a reactive lesion. No other similar lesion has been found in the literature. PMID- 6217526 TI - Women and rehabilitation. PMID- 6217527 TI - Employment issues for women with disabilities. PMID- 6217528 TI - Vocational rehabilitation counseling for women: recommendations for the Eighties. PMID- 6217529 TI - An approach to motherhood for disabled women. PMID- 6217530 TI - Women and disabilities: an international perspective. PMID- 6217531 TI - A strategy for implementing a dental health education program for state facilities with limited resources. PMID- 6217532 TI - Vitreous fluorophotometry in three models of experimental diabetes mellitus. AB - Fluorophotometry was performed on rats eight to ten days after they were made diabetic with streptozotocin (85 mg/kg), alloxan (50 mg/kg), or pancreatectomy. When compared with normal control animals, no significant differences in aqueous or vitreous fluorescein levels were noted in any of the diabetic models studied. We did note significant depressions of plasma fluorescein levels in pancreatectomized and streptozotocin-treated rats. We normalized our data for these plasma differences by calculating the ratios of aqueous and vitreous fluorescein to plasma fluorescein levels (RA and RV). Both RA and RV were significantly elevated in streptozotocin-induced diabetes; RV alone was elevated following pancreatectomy, while no change in either ratio was apparent in diabetes induced with alloxan. Treatment of streptozotocin-diabetic rats with cortisol for one week caused plasma fluorescein levels and RV to return toward normal, although RA remained elevated. We are cautious in assigning any meaning to changes in RA and RV, especially in view of the paucity of information on the behavior of fluorescein in the blood. PMID- 6217533 TI - The behaviour of the abdominal muscles during inspiratory mechanical loading. AB - Abdominal muscle activity was studied in eight normal subjects, while seated and supine, during inspiratory resistive and elastic mechanical loading. Electromyograms of the external oblique and rectus abdominis muscle were recorded using unipolar needle electrodes and changes in antero-posterior dimensions of the abdomen (Vab) were measured using linearized magnetometers. Elastic loading evoked abdominal muscle activity during expiration, especially in the rectus abdominis, in seven seated subjects while resistive loading did so in five. In four runs activity was also detectable throughout inspiration. Abdominal muscle activity was associated with a reduction in Vab throughout the respiratory cycle. When the subjects were supine loads did not evoke abdominal muscle activity. We conclude that abdominal muscle recruitment during inspiratory mechanical loading may facilitate inspiration by increasing diaphragmatic length. PMID- 6217536 TI - [Post-extraction complications in patients with osteopetrosis]. PMID- 6217535 TI - Characterisation of blood and synovial fluid lymphocytes from patients with rheumatoid arthritis and other joint diseases by monoclonal antibodies (OKT series) and acid alpha-naphthyl esterase staining. AB - Mononuclear cell preparations from peripheral blood (PBL) and synovial fluid (SFL) of 27 Patients with rheumatoid diseases (15 patients with definite rheumatoid arthritis (RA), 10 with other inflammatory joint diseases (OJD), 1 with sarcoid arthritis (SA) and 1 with traumatic arthritis (TA) were examined for lymphocyte subpopulations determined by monoclonal antibodies of the OKT series and by the dot-like, acid alpha-naphthyl esterase staining (ANAE) activity. In patients with classic, active RA, blood T cells carrying the OKT8+ (suppressor/killer) phenotype were significantly reduced leading to an elevated OKT4/OKT8 ratio of 4.1 +/- 0.4 compared with 2.1 +/- 0.1 in healthy controls. In 10 patients with OJD this diminution of OKT8+ cells in peripheral blood was less pronounced or absent. As regards SFL subpopulations, patients with RA and OJD exhibited a similar distribution pattern with an elevation of OKT8+, Ia+ and ANAE negative cells and a similar OKT4/OKT8 ratio of 1.5 +/- 0.3 and 1.6 +/- 0.4, respectively. Similar results were also obtained in the only patient with TA, whereas the patient with SA and one RA patient with relapse after surgical synovectomy exhibited high OKT4/OKT8 ratios, both in synovial fluid and peripheral blood. Neither the OKT markers nor the dot-like ANAE staining pattern were significantly correlated to parameters of systemic or local disease activity as estimated by erythrocyte sedimentation rate and a local disease activity index. PMID- 6217534 TI - Platelets as target cells in rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus: a platelet specific immunoglobulin inducing the release reaction. AB - Sera from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) were assessed for in vitro platelet activation as measured by serotonin release; 24% (30) of 124 tested RA sera and 51% (35) of 69 SLE sera induced a significant 3H serotonin release. Investigation of 17 synovial fluid samples from RA patients revealed significant release in 82%. Concomitant testing for lymphocytotoxic antibodies and immune complexes did not show any correlation to platelet activation. Upon gel filtration the release-inducing activity of positive sera was localized in the region of 160 000 Daltons. Further characterization by ion exchange chromatography, immune electrophoresis, chromatographic and SDS PAGE molecular weight determinations, as well as analytical ultracentrifugation all confirmed the IgG nature of the release inducing protein. Negative blocking experiments performed by preincubation of platelets with Fc-IgG fragments prior to challenge with a release-inducing serum excluded the participation of Fc receptors in the reaction. It was concluded that the release was caused by a platelet reactive IgG antibody. This antibody may also cause release of platelet mediators in vivo and may thus contribute to the pathogenesis of the generalized vasculopathy in both diseases. PMID- 6217537 TI - [Psychological and psycho-educational aspects in relation to prevention in pedodontics]. PMID- 6217538 TI - [Presence of mucopolysaccharides in prehistoric teeth]. PMID- 6217539 TI - Legally speaking. So you think you're covered for injuries at work. PMID- 6217540 TI - Monoclonal antibody-defined T-cell subsets in hairy-cell leukaemia. AB - In 17 tests in 14 patients with hairy-cell leukaemia (HCL), peripheral blood Leu 2a+ and 3a+ suppressor and helper cells were present in normal mean percentage (3a+ 63 +/- 15%, normal 64 +/- 8%; 2a+ 39 +/- 16%, normal 34 +/- 8%), absolute (3a+ 0.8 +/- 0.4 x 10(9)/1, normal 0.6-1.4 x 10(9)/1; 2a+ 0.5 +/- 0.4 x 10(9)/1, normal 0.2-0.6 x 10(9)/1), and relative (3a+/2a+) (2.2 +/- 1.3, normal 1.9 +/- 0.7) numbers. In all the 9 untreated patients, 3a+ helper cells were normal or increased in percentage numbers, while 2a+ suppressor cells were normal or slightly reduced. It is suggested that these data explain, at least in part, the lack of immuneparesis of HCL as compared with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) which is consistently associated with immuneparesis and an excess of Leu 2a+ suppressor cells. In individual splenectomised patients, some variations in Leu 2a+ and 3a+ numbers were observed, and it is suggested that the spleen, known to be important in the natural history of HCL, may have an influence on peripheral T cell subsets. Although HCL is clearly shown to differ from CLL and myeloma regarding T-cell subset numbers, the fundamental mechanism underlying this difference remains unknown. PMID- 6217541 TI - Concanavalin-A-activated suppressor cells in patients with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Concanavalin-A-induced suppressor cell activity was investigated in 63 patients with a definite diagnosis of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. Peripheral blood lymphoid cells from these patients did not have the same ability as cells from normal individuals to suppress the proliferative response of autologous cells, responding to phytohaemaglutinin, Candida albicans antigen, or allogeneic cells. No correlation was found between suppressor activity, disease activity, or number of joints involved. Nor was there any significant association between decreased suppressor cell activity and HLA-A, -B, -C, -D antigens, although there was a tendency towards association between decreased suppressor cell activity and HLA B27. PMID- 6217542 TI - Cystic fibrosis: a disease to be reckoned with. PMID- 6217543 TI - Pretransplant blood transfusions and kidney allograft survival. A clinical and immunological study. PMID- 6217544 TI - Quantitative sacro-iliac scintigraphy. I. Methodological aspects. AB - Methodological aspects of quantitative sacroiliac scintigraphy (QSS) using [99mmTc]methylene diphosphonate (MDP) were studied. To improve the diagnostic value of QSS it is important to understand the errors involved in the calculated indices. The accumulated radioactivity in the sacro-iliac joint, compared with that in the sacral bone (SI ratio), decreased linearly with age, by about 24% from the age of 15 years to 71 years. The post-injection time of scintigraphy was not critical, if the scintigraphy was carried out after 2.5 hours. Although the variances of the SI ratios in our control material were relatively high, the repeatability of the SI ratio measurement was 3.9%. The influence of measuring geometry on the QSS and the acceptability of the sacrum as the reference area were tested. PMID- 6217545 TI - Communication aids for patients with dys/anarthria. PMID- 6217546 TI - The lightspot operated typewriter: a communication aid for severely bodily handicapped patients. PMID- 6217547 TI - The use of an inertial dynamometer to explore the design of children's wheelchairs. AB - In an attempt to provide information for improvements in the design of wheelchairs for children a simulated wheelchair rig has been developed incorporating an original form of dynamometer to examine propulsion factors. 54 children who were experienced users of hand-propelled wheelchairs and 32 able bodied controls were individually fitted with seats on this test rig and each performed a series of up to fifty subtests. The principal conclusions are that nearly all children who use wheelchairs, even those proficient users with apparently normal arms, are actually weaker than their able-bodied peers; that evidence for changes in wheelchair propulsion design based on the performance of able-bodied subjects or on isometric tests of strength are likely to be misleading; that an improvement of up to 30% in propulsion performance can be obtained by optimal positioning of conventional wheelrims relative to the user; and that this positioning is most crucial for the weaker children, particularly those with cerebral palsy. PMID- 6217548 TI - The incidence of disability pensions and mortality among semi-skilled construction workers in Copenhagen. A retrospective cohort study with two control groups. AB - The aim of the present study was to discover whether the incidence of disability pensions and mortality was higher amongst semi-skilled construction workers (SCW) in Copenhagen than in two control groups from the same geographic area. The population investigated consisted of a fixed cohort of 3537 SCW from Copenhagen as per 1/5/1975. The two control groups comprised 3818 Copenhagen members of the Warehouse Workers' union and a group of Copenhagen members of the Semi-skilled Worker's Union age-matched to the SCW cohort, both as per 1/5/75. Up to 31/12/79, a total of 102 SCW were granted disability pensions, compared with 89 and 77 in the two control groups respectively, i.e. a significantly higher frequency of award of disability pension among SCW than among warehouse workers (p less than 0.05). This was due especially to a higher frequency of disability pensions granted because of musculoskeletal diseases and cancer in SCW. The number of deaths was recorded from 1/5/75 to 30/11/78. No differences in overall mortality were found among the three groups, although slightly fewer deaths from lung cancer and ischaemic heart diseases and more suicides were observed among the construction workers. Selection bias and the effect of the working environment are discussed against the background of a concurrent investigation of the state of health and working conditions of SCW. PMID- 6217549 TI - [Exercise-induced asthma and arterial hypoxemia]. AB - 40 young asthmatic patients performed submaximal work on a treadmill ergometer for 6 minutes. In 20 cases the PaO2 was found to be below 77.5 mm Hg (arterial hypoxemia) at the 10th or the 20th minute of post-exercise recovery time. A first subgroup A of 9 asthmatics presented hypoxemia together with a fall of FEV1 below 90% of control at the first to the 20th minute post-exercise recovery phase. A second subgroup B of 11 asthmatics showed hypoxemia with FEV1's higher than 90%, often higher than 100% of the control value. The following features of the recovery period were observed: 1. 10 minutes delay of onset of hypoxemia in relation to the FEV1 drop in group A. 2. Progressive hypoxemia despite a clear return of FEV1 versus the control value during the late recovery phase of group A. 3. Appearance of arterial hypoxemia despite unchanged normal FEV1's in group B. These three observations suggest that there are 2 kinds of post-exercise bronchoconstrictions. The first may be situated in the large bronchi (FEV1-drop), the second in the small peripheral airways (PaO2-drop), from the first to the 20th and from the 20th to the 40th minute respectively after the end of submaximal work load. It is concluded that there must be 2 sequential bronchoconstrictions due to cooling of the airways and these constrictions may guarantee alveolar homeostasis for body temperature and full saturation with water vapour. However, the first barrier in the large airways can be abolished by high blood levels of adrenaline. In such cases the second barrier in the small airways becomes important and may protect the alveoli from cooling and dry air. PMID- 6217550 TI - Multiple sclerosis: distribution of T cell subsets within active chronic lesions. AB - The distribution of T cells and T cell subsets was examined within the human central nervous system in active lesions from seven patients with chronic multiple sclerosis. The monoclonal antibodies anti-T11, anti-T4, and anti-T8 were used to detect total (whole) T cells, helper T cells, and suppressor-cytotoxic T cells, respectively, and a monoclonal antibody against human Ia was used for macrophages and B cells. Lesion progression was associated with large numbers of T4+ cells at the lesion margin and these extended great distances into the adjacent normal-appearing white matter. T8+ cells were most commonly concentrated around the lesion margin and displayed a preferential perivascular distribution. Within the lesion center, only a few T cells were found. Ia+ macrophages were most numerous within the centers of active lesions and were always present in the adjacent normal white matter. The monoclonal antibodies to T cells did not cross react with glial cells including oligodendrocytes. These results indicate that T4+ cells are actively involved in lesion extension and Ia+ cells, in demyelination. PMID- 6217551 TI - Esophageal variceal hemorrhage: diagnosis and an overview of treatment. PMID- 6217552 TI - Patterns of contraceptive use in Kingston and St Andrew, Jamaica, 1970--1977. AB - The records of a sample of Family Planning acceptors were examined to identify those factors which influenced the choice of a contraceptive and the drop-out rate in the period 1970--1977 inclusive. It was found that although a full range of contraceptives was theoretically available, as the 1970s advanced the effective choice appeared to lie between the two hormonal contraceptives, medroxyprogesterene acetate (Depo Provera) and the oral contraceptive pill with family size being the deciding factor. The drop-out rate as also influenced by family size with nulliparous women showing the highest rate. Explanations for the drop-out rates and the percentage of single visits made to the clinics were sought through the utilization of partial correlations. In both cases the average distance between the acceptor's home and the clinic appeared to play a decisive role. PMID- 6217553 TI - [Medical and social characteristics of pensioners' employment]. PMID- 6217554 TI - [Training of the directors of the paramedical schools]. PMID- 6217555 TI - [Progress in public health in the republics of Central Asia and Kazakhstan as the result of the Lenin's national policy]. PMID- 6217556 TI - [Increase in the effectiveness of utilizing neurological beds]. PMID- 6217558 TI - [Demand and standards for planning the postgraduate training of physicians]. PMID- 6217557 TI - [Medical characteristics of pediatric traffic injuries and the tasks in decreasing the severity of their sequelae]. PMID- 6217559 TI - [History of the development of public health in the Byelorussian SSR based on the principles of the Leninist national policy of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union]. PMID- 6217560 TI - [T cell functions in rheumatic diseases]. PMID- 6217561 TI - [The function of the mononuclear phagocytic system: phagocytosis and method of recognition]. PMID- 6217562 TI - Dental treatment for spinal cord injury patients in a specialized reclinable wheelchair. PMID- 6217563 TI - Oral hygiene for the dentulous total care patient. PMID- 6217564 TI - A contrast of dental consultation utilization between two different hospitals. PMID- 6217565 TI - Lumbar discectomy or chemonucleolysis: pros and cons. PMID- 6217566 TI - Newer approaches to the correction of urinary stress incontinence in female patients. PMID- 6217567 TI - Seven-year follow-up study after the replacement of the esophagus with an artificial esophagus in the dog. AB - An artificial esophagus was made of silicone rubber (Phycon) tube covered with a Dacron mesh. A segment of thoracic esophagus of 16 dogs was replaced with this graft using three different types of anastomosis--overlayer end-to-end anastomosis with flanged tube, two-layer end-to-end anastomosis with flanged tube, and monolayer end-to-end anastomosis with no flange tube. Seven of 16 dogs (44%) survived more than 12 months without complications, four of them surviving more than 6 years. In six of seven of the prolonged survivors, extrusion of the graft was recognized in the 3 to 6 months after operation. Esophageal stricture increased slightly up to 6 months after extrusion of the graft, but it did not further advance until sacrifice. In these dogs, mucosal regeneration of the neoesophagus was complete with muscle layers and mucous glands in the submucosa recognized microscopically. Proximal esophagus from the replaced portion was apparently dilatated more than that of the distal portion. There was no definite difference between the anastomotic techniques with regard to complication or prognosis. These results suggest that this artificial esophagus should be considered as a possibility for clinical trials in the future. PMID- 6217568 TI - Dilation of knitted Dacron aortic prostheses and anastomotic false aneurysms: etiologic considerations. AB - Five patients with knitted Dacron aortic bifurcation prostheses developed prosthetic dilation and anastomotic false aneurysms. The interval between placement of prostheses and secondary presentation ranged from 4 to 10 years. Three patients presented with femoral false aneurysms (one ruptured) and two presented with aortic false aneurysms (one ruptured). In all cases, anastomotic sutures remained intact on the prosthesis and there was no evidence of infection. The mean (+/- SEM) increase in diameter of prostheses was 85.7 +/- 19.1% (range 76% to 137%). Dilated prostheses were removed in four cases and were tested for tensile strength and studied with scanning electron microscopy. These were compared to normal, nondilated knitted Dacron prosthetic fabric from the same manufacturer. There was no loss of breaking strength in dilated prostheses. Furthermore, on examination with scanning electron microscopy, there was no evidence of degeneration or fracturing of individual Dacron filaments. However, dilated prostheses were found to have a greatly expanded knit. The distance between loops was significantly increased and the number of fibers per 1000 microns was significantly less in comparison to normal knitted Dacron fabric. These studies confirm an association between prosthetic dilation and false aneurysm formation. Further, they suggest that the cause of prosthetic dilation is loss of compactness of the knit not associated with intrinsic Dacron fiber deterioration. A fabrication defect is most likely responsible. PMID- 6217570 TI - [Dental health services for mentally handicapped children and young adults in day institutions and smaller day-night institutions]. PMID- 6217569 TI - Nitrous oxide scavenging in dental surgery. I. A comparison of the efficiency of different scavenging devices. AB - Chronic exposure of dental personnel to trace concentrations of nitrous oxide has been reported to constitute a health hazard. During the dental treatment under nitrous oxide-oxygen sedation dentists are frequently exposed to as much as 1000 ppm of nitrous oxide. Nitrous oxide-oxygen sedation equipment with scavenging devices for removal of expired and excess gases is available. The aim of this study was to determine the efficiency of different scavenging devices by means of a standardised experimental model and thereby study occupational nitrous oxide exposure in dental surgery. Seven commercially available breathing systems were studied. The experimental model of measuring occupational nitrous oxide exposure during a 25-minute standardised dental treatment showed high reproducibility and might be useful for determining whether or not a system has a reasonable chance of meeting the requirements set by different national boards of occupational safety and health. The scavenging efficiency of the different systems tested varied. According to this method of evaluation, five out of seven systems might have good possibilities of meeting Swedish standards of occupational exposure (nitrous oxide limit value 100 ppm). PMID- 6217571 TI - [Acquiring manual skills in clinical diagnosis by medical students]. PMID- 6217572 TI - [Circulating immune complexes in the blood serum of patients with diabetes mellitus complicated by angiopathies]. PMID- 6217573 TI - [Dyslipoproteinemia and its relations with ischemic heart disease among men of Leningrad aged 40-59 years]. PMID- 6217574 TI - [Oral treatment with retinoids--current state]. PMID- 6217576 TI - Human plasminogen variant Chicago III. PMID- 6217575 TI - Interaction of immune complexes and T suppressor cells in sarcoidosis. AB - Circulating immune complexes were present in half of 31 patients with sarcoidosis and raised levels were associated with low numbers of T suppressor cells (T gamma and Fc gamma-receptor-positive lymphocytes). Incubation of T cells with trypsin restored the percentage of T gamma cells to within or above the normal range. Incubation of normal lymphocytes with sarcoid immune complexes significantly reduced the number of detectable T gamma cells. Preincubation of normal lymphocytes with circulating immune complexes significantly reduced their blastogenic response to concanavalin A. These studies suggest an interaction between immune complexes and T suppressor cells in sarcoidosis and emphasise the importance of immune complexes in modulating the immune response. PMID- 6217577 TI - Effects of ticlopidine on platelet function and blood coagulation. AB - A double blind study was performed on 20 atherosclerotic patients. A placebo was administered to one group of 10 patients (group A) and ticlopidine (500 mg/day) was administered to another group of 10 patients (group B) for one month. ADP and collagen-induced platelet aggregation (PA), platelet malondialdehyde (MDA) produced by thrombin stimulation and plasma beta-thromboglobulin (beta TG) levels, prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) fibrinogen, antithrombin (AT) III fibrin(ogen) degradation products, alpha 2 antiplasmin and plasminogen were evaluated in both groups before and after treatment. No changes in PA, MDA and beta TG were seen in group A. Group B showed a significant decrease of PA, beta TG and a significant increase of MDA. No changes on blood coagulation data were seen in either group. This study suggests that ticlopidine is able to inhibit platelet function in vivo. PMID- 6217578 TI - Surface labeling of human platelets by reductive methylation. AB - A simple, reproducible method for the specific labeling of the surface proteins of human platelets with tritium is described. The labeled platelets were analyzed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (isoelectric focusing/sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis) followed by fluorography and the results compared with those obtained by conventional methods. Reductive methylation gave an intense labeling of membrane glycoproteins. There was no cross-linking of the labeled membrane proteins by formaldehyde nor could clear evidence be found that inner proteins were labeled by permeation of the reagents through the plasma membrane. As well as previously described platelet membrane glycoproteins, several others could be detected that were not invariable seen using labeling techniques. PMID- 6217579 TI - A kinetic method for characterization of heterogenous fibrinogen and its application to fibrinogen Grand Rapids, a congenital dysfibrinogenemia. AB - A kinetic analysis was developed to determine the steady state kinetic parameter Kcat/KM for the thrombin-catalyzed release of FPA from abnormal and normal fibrinogen in mixtures of the two. Such mixtures are likely to comprise the fibrinogen of individuals with congenital dysfibrinogenemia. The analysis was used to characterize fibrinogen Grand Rapids a new congenital dysfibrinogenemia. It indicated that fibrinogen from affected individuals was composed of normal and abnormal fibrinogen in roughly equal amounts, and that the value of kcat/KM for the thrombin-catalyzed release of FPA from the fibrinogen variant was 77-fold lower than that for the release of FPA from the normal fibrinogen. In separate studies, fibrinogen Grand Rapids was found to exhibit a reduced clottability. Additionally, affected individuals appeared to have plasma fibrinogen concentrations which were about one-third the normal value. PMID- 6217580 TI - Sequential treatment of arterial occlusions with porcine plasmin and low dose streptokinase. AB - Sequential treatment of arterial occlusions of the leg with porcine plasmin and low dose streptokinase results in a strong systemic proteolysis as already seen in deep leg vein thrombosis. In 31 of 45 patients the blood flow through major arterial segments could be restored. Thrombolytic success is possible within the first two treatment days but for the majority of the cases fibrinolytic therapy for 3-6 days is needed. On the average treatment was 1 day shorter than in DVT cases. No statistical relationship between local thrombolysis and systemic proteolysis was detected. The thrombolytic efficacy of this regimen compares favourably with earlier experience on fibrinolytic therapy in arterial occlusions. PMID- 6217581 TI - Sequential treatment of deep leg vein thrombosis with porcine plasmin and low dose streptokinase. AB - Sequential treatment of deep leg vein thrombosis with porcine plasmin and low dose streptokinase (10,000-20,000 U/h) produces strong systemic fibrinolysis as demonstrated by the sustained decrease of euglobulin lysis time, of thromboplastin time values in percent, fibrinogen and factor V levels. There is a statistically significant negative correlation between thrombolytic results and euglobulin lysis time. Treatment period below 3 days are unlikely to give satisfactory results. Occluded vein segments with an apparent median age of 4 days including thrombi older than 10 days (20% of cases) are cleared with an average chance of 50%. Complete dissolution of all thrombi proximal to the crural veins has been demonstrated in 47/114 = 41.2%, some thrombolytic effects in 31/114 = 27.2% and treatment failure in 36/114 = 31.6%. The data favour laboratory monitoring of thrombolytic therapy. PMID- 6217583 TI - Exercise-induced fibrinolysis--fact or fiction? AB - The effect of strenuous exercise on the fibrinolytic and coagulation mechanisms was examined in six healthy male subjects. Five min bicycle exercise at a work rate of 800 to 1200 kpm. min-1 produced an abrupt increase in plasma plasminogen activator levels which disappeared after 90 min. However, there was no change in early or late fibrin degradation products nor was there a change in fibrinopeptide A levels or beta-thromboglobulin levels after exercise although activated partial thromboplastin times were significantly shortened. It is concluded that strenuous exercise does not produce any real increase in fibrinogen-fibrin conversion nor any real increase in the breakdown of these proteins. The role of exercise-induced release of plasminogen activator remains unclear, but probably helps to maintain plasma levels in a discontinuous manner concurrently with the continuous low-level secretion from the vascular wall. The shortening of partial thromboplastin time may be due to the raised levels of plasminogen activator changing the activation state of other coagulation factors. PMID- 6217582 TI - Side effects of thrombolytic treatment with porcine plasmin and low dose streptokinase. AB - In the sequential thrombolytic therapy with porcine plasmin and low dose streptokinase side effects are mainly due to bleeding, intolerance reactions are less important. Treatment had to be prematurely stopped in 42 (37%) of 114 DVT cases because of severe bleeding and in 12 (10%) due to intolerance reactions. The corresponding figures for the 45 cases with arterial occlusions are 15 (33%) and 2 (4%) respectively. The intensity of systemic proteolysis as represented by the thromboplastin time is significantly correlated with haemorrhagic manifestations. Macrohematuria and bleeding from puncture sites are the most frequent haemorrhagic complications followed by spontaneous bleeding into skin and muscles. Non-fatal intracranial bleeding occurred in 1 DVT case (0.9%) and in 2 patients with arterial occlusions (4.4%). The benefit of this potent thrombolytic regimen would greatly improve if a strong reduction of premature treatment stop could be achieved. PMID- 6217584 TI - Diagnosis of heterozygotes in Glanzmann's thrombasthenia. AB - A study of a family with a propositus suffering from classical thrombasthenia type I has shown that the new immunochemical methods detect heterozygotes with high reliability. There was no overlapping between heterozygotes and normals, and the concentration of the glycoproteins IIb-IIIa-complex is remarkable constant around 50-60% in the heterozygotes. Furthermore, heterozygotes as a group show an increased bleeding tendency. PMID- 6217585 TI - Methods for studying fibrinolytic pathway components in human plasma. AB - Methods have been developed to quantitatively measure the major plasma components of the human fibrinolytic system. Plasminogen is measured functionally with a 9M excess of streptokinase and immunochemically by rocket immunoelectrophoresis; the normal range was found to be 16.7-23.8 mg/dl and 17.4-21.6 mg/dl, respectively. Alpha 2-plasmin inhibitor is measured functionally and immunochemically; the normal range for the major plasma plasmin inhibitor was found to be 5.30-6.60 mg/dl by both methods. Plasminogen activator concentrations, as well as, free, and complexed, protease activities are measured along with plasmin generation rates by spectrophotometric assays with chromogenic substrates. Both activator and free protease activities are zero in plasma samples from normal human subjects. Plasmin generation rates are 0.25-0.47% with urokinase and 5.30-9.70% with streptokinase; these values are the percentages of the respective initial velocities of activation in purified systems. PMID- 6217586 TI - Fibrinogen Bondy: a new case of dysfibrinogenemia. Isolation of the abnormal fibrinogen molecules. AB - In a 81 year old health woman, gross abnormalities of fibrin formation led to the discovery of an abnormal fibrinogen named fibrinogen Bondy. Clottability of purified fibrinogen Bondy was only 53% compared to 95-98% for normal fibrinogen. Functional studies revealed (i) delayed coagulation by thrombin and batroxobin (Reptilase), (ii) incomplete release of fibrino-peptides A and B, (iii) poor fibrin monomer aggregation, (iv) delayed fibrin proteolysis by plasmin. Electrophoretic mobility of fibrinogen Bondy, its three chains and the products of fibrin cross-linking, was normal. Fibrinogen NH2-terminal residues of fibrinogen Bondy were found to be normal. The presence of Ala, in addition to Gly and Tyr in the fibrin clot and its supernatant, showed that a part of fibrinogen molecules was not clotted, i.e. either copolymerised with fibrin or remaining in solutions. Gel filtration of the supernatant allowed the separation of both soluble complexes and fibrinogen. This fibrinogen population was shown to be unclottable by thrombin and to inhibit clotting of normal fibrinogen. PMID- 6217587 TI - [Bronchoscopic demonstration of a patent lung worm infection in the horse]. PMID- 6217589 TI - [The most important practice insurances for the young veterinarian]. PMID- 6217588 TI - [Allergies and hypersensitivity-induced diseases in domestic animals. A review]. PMID- 6217590 TI - [Clinical and cardiological findings in 3 stallions with aortic valve insufficiency]. PMID- 6217591 TI - [Comparative animal experimental studies of portocaval interposition shunt in portal hypertension with alloplastic and heterologous interposition material in dogs]. PMID- 6217592 TI - Protective effect of molybdenum on the acute toxicity of mercuric chloride. PMID- 6217593 TI - Oral care of the cancer patient receiving radiation therapy. PMID- 6217594 TI - Diabetes mellitus. PMID- 6217595 TI - [Significance of epidemiologic studies for assessing the radiation genetic risk in man]. PMID- 6217596 TI - [Mongolism (Down's syndrome or trisomy 21)]. PMID- 6217597 TI - In situ formation of glomerular immune aggregates. PMID- 6217598 TI - Studies of experimental membranous nephropathy. PMID- 6217599 TI - Immune dysregulation and auto-immunity induced by toxic agents. PMID- 6217600 TI - Is lipoid nephrosis an "allergic" disease? PMID- 6217601 TI - Transplantation in idiopathic nephrosis. PMID- 6217602 TI - Glomerular lesions induced by interferon. PMID- 6217603 TI - The effect of total lymphoid irradiation on autologous immune complex nephritis. PMID- 6217604 TI - Why MHC incompatible grafts induce strong primary alloimmunity. PMID- 6217605 TI - Clonal analysis of the T lymphocyte response to murine sarcoma virus-induced tumors. PMID- 6217606 TI - Cytotoxic responses: the regulatory influence of interleukin-2. PMID- 6217607 TI - Increase in histamine production and mast cell proliferation during allograft rejection. PMID- 6217608 TI - Probable role of suppressor cells and factors in kidney graft survival. PMID- 6217609 TI - Problem-based medical education in Nigeria. PMID- 6217610 TI - Correlation between levels of dehydroepiandrosterone-sulphate and prolactin in human breast cyst fluid. AB - Concentration of dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHAS), cortisol (F), aldosterone (A) and prolactin (PRL) were measured in 70 samples of breast cyst fluid (BCF) obtained by needle aspiration from patients having gross cystic disease of the breast. DHAS concentrations in our series of BCF were scattered over a broad range, up to values 200-fold higher than in plasma, with ample interindividual variability; cortisol was present in BCF in very small amounts. Aldosterone and PRL values were in the same order of plasma levels; moreover, a significant correlation was found between DHAS and PRL concentrations in BCF. PMID- 6217611 TI - Pulmonary localization of phosphate bone agents in a case of metastatic breast carcinoma. PMID- 6217612 TI - [Study of the role of nicotinamide coenzymes in the regulation of glyceroneogenesis from pyruvate in rat epididymis fat tissue]. AB - The paper deals with a regulatory effect of the redox state of nicotinamide coenzymes on glyceroneogenesis in the epididymal fatty tissues involving incorporation of [2-14C] pyruvate into synthetized de novo blood glucose, glycerol and fatty acids of triacyglycerines. Large values of the NAD+/NADH and NADP+/NADPH ratios in cytoplasm and mitochondria promote a high rate of lipogenesis and glucose oxidation processes, which is pronounced in a more intense 14C incorporation into fatty acids than in triacylglycerol glycerols. A decrease in the NAD+/NADH ratio and an increase in the reducing ability of NAD pairs under fasting intensify glyceroneogenesis in the fatty tissue. The incorporation of [14C] pyruvate into blood glucose in 3.6 times as high, the radioactivity of fatty acids lowers. Nicotinamide administered to animals after fastening inhibits glyceroneogenesis in the fatty tissue, lowering considerably the incorporation of [14C] pyruvate into triacylglycerol glycerol and blood glucose. PMID- 6217613 TI - [Azathioprine induced hypersensitivity]. PMID- 6217614 TI - [Athlete's heart]. PMID- 6217615 TI - [Conditions of the heart in young peak trained sportsmen]. PMID- 6217616 TI - [Backache--an occupational disease deserving compensation?]. PMID- 6217617 TI - [A survey of the handicapped in Denmark]. PMID- 6217618 TI - [Peritoneoscopy in gastroenterology]. PMID- 6217619 TI - [Dermatology: apropos of the treatment of acne vulgaris]. PMID- 6217620 TI - [Results of transplantation of kidneys from related living donors]. AB - Between 1973 and 1981 23 transplantations of kidneys from living related donors have been performed in Frankfurt/Main. Donor complications were haematopneumothorax (1 case) and reversible urinary tract infections (3 cases). All donors were discharged after 8-12 days, all have until now (6 months to 8 years postoperatively) normal excretory renal function and normal arterial blood pressure. Patient-survival in the recipients is 5 years postoperatively 96% and graft-survival is 90%. Nine patients received HLA-identical kidneys, all have excellent to fair function of the grafts, 7 patients are off steroids. In 14 cases kidneys were transplanted, although donor and recipient shared only one haplotype. In these patients 5-year graft survival is 84%. Seven patients have normal graft function, whereas 6 patients have a reduced function or have rejected. One patient died. Results of kidney transplantation using living related donors are--even when donors with only one haplotype-identity are accepted--much better than those obtainable when using cadaveric donors. When renal transplantation is considered, patients should be informed about the favourable results attainable with kidneys from living related donors. PMID- 6217621 TI - Comparison between antibody-induced modulation of suppressor cells and suppressor cell changes in multiple sclerosis. PMID- 6217622 TI - [Scientific achievements of the Leningrad Scientific Research Institute for Ear, Throat, Nose and Speech Disorders and their implementation in practice]. PMID- 6217623 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment procedure in acute gastrointestinal hemorrhages in ambulance aviation]. PMID- 6217624 TI - Effect of repeated doses of levamisole on grazing cattle infected with Dictyocaulus viviparus. AB - Seventy-one worm-free Friesian calves were allocated by weight to three trial groups (1, 3 and 4) of 18 and a control group (2) of 17 animals. Calves in group 1 were vaccinated with a bovine lungworm oral vaccine on days 0 and 28, and on day 42 all groups were turned out to graze together on pasture known to be infected with Dictyocaulus viviparus larvae. Twenty-eight days after first exposure to infection one control calf died of parasitic bronchitis. Anthelmintic medication consisting of two doses of levamisole (7 . 5 mg/kg) at 14 day intervals was promptly administered to group 3 calves and three doses at the same intervals to group 4 calves. All calves were challenged with 20,000 infective D viviparus larvae on day 147. Calves were weighed every 14 days throughout the trial which ended 42 days after challenge. Pasture contamination and infectivity were monitored by pasture larval counts and tracer calves. Statistically there was no significant difference between the performances of treated and vaccinated groups before challenge but all were significantly superior to the control group. After challenge the productivity of all experimental groups was temporarily depressed but the levamisole treated cattle recovered more rapidly becoming significantly heavier than the vaccinates at the end of the trial. The mean group weight gains over the trial period were 89 . 92, 63 . 87, 88 . 67 and 98 . 70 kg in groups 1, 2, 3 and 4 respectively. PMID- 6217625 TI - Association of toxin-producing fungi with disease in broilers. AB - An episode of suboptimal growth, poor feathering and behavioural abnormalities in broilers in Scotland during the winter of 1980-81 is described. This was considered to be associated with mould-contaminated maize and wheat components of the feed, from which fusaria were isolated in persistently high numbers. Four species, Fusarium culmorum, F tricinctum, F nivale and F moniliforme, were identified. Chloroform extracts of the raw materials and of an artificial medium in which three of the Fusarium species were cultured proved toxic to tissue cultures of a human epithelial cell line (HEp II). Specific identification by thin layer chromatography of the mycotoxins deoxynivalenol, zearalenone and diacetoxyscirpenol was achieved in some extracts. In addition, several other areas of the chromatograms were found to be toxic in the HEp II cell system and these may contain toxins for which standards were not available or, alternatively, previously uncharacterised fungal metabolites. It was concluded that the toxins produced by the fusaria were major contributing factors to the disease symptoms shown by the birds. PMID- 6217626 TI - Some effects of chronic mercuric chloride intoxication on renal function in a horse. AB - Chronic mercuric chloride intoxication in an aged horse given 0.8 mg Hg/kg/day for 14 weeks was manifest by signs of progressive respiratory difficulty and renal disease. The effects were not self-limiting after mercury was withdrawn, and the animal was destroyed six weeks later. Renal function changes included heavy glycosuria, modest proteinuria, phosphaturia, reduced urine osmolality, gradually increasing urine production, reduced glomerular filtration rate, and terminally, azotemia. The condition bore similarities to the Fanconi syndrome in man. Urinary gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, alkaline phosphatase and amino aspartate transferase activities were inconsistent indicators of tubular damage in random samples at this dose rate. The pathologic response was characterized by extensive granulomatous infiltration throughout the lungs, in particular, and to a lesser extent in the kidneys, liver and bone marrow. The renal changes included this marked interstitial reaction and proximal tubular degeneration. Mercury levels were negligible in the lungs and highest in the renal cortex. The granulomatous reaction was not encountered in previous mercury toxicity studies in horses and may indicate an individual sensitivity to the agent. PMID- 6217627 TI - Fibrillolysis and electrophoretic determination of actin and myosin in hypertrophied human myocardium. AB - Destructive myofibrillar lesions, particularly degenerative fibrillolysis in hypertrophied hearts, were studied with the electron microscope in left ventricular myocardium samples obtained from autopsies with post mortem periods not exceeding 195 min. The contractile protein composition of these samples was determined electrophoretically. 18 cases were studied, grouped as follows: Group I, composed of 5 cases showing normal hearts which were employed in the determination of normal electrophoretic values. Group II: 10 cases with hypertrophic hearts, 1 of them showing contraction bands and decreased myosin, 6 others with fibrillolytic lesions of which 3 presented a decrease in myosin and 3 possessed normal myosin values. None of the cases showed a decrease in actin values. Group III was composed of 3 cases of hearts with normal weights that showed ultrastructural alterations of the myofibrils: 1 with myofibrillar disarray and normal electrophoretic values, 1 with incomplete contraction bands and normal protein values and 1 with focal myofibrillar disgregation and myosin decrease. It is concluded that in some cases of degenerative fibrillolytic lessions a decrease of myosin occurs. The method employed does not rule out that apparently normal actin and myosin values might be due to the presence of contractile proteins in a denatured state that does not affect their electrophoretic mobility. PMID- 6217628 TI - [Medical support of the Rzhev-Sychevka offensive operation]. PMID- 6217629 TI - [Method of quantitative evaluation of myocardial contractility]. PMID- 6217630 TI - [Activities of the reflexotherapy department]. PMID- 6217631 TI - [Success is born in the search]. PMID- 6217632 TI - [60 years of guarding the health of servicemen]. PMID- 6217633 TI - [Spinal osteoarthrosis, vertebrogenic pain and physiotherapy]. PMID- 6217635 TI - [Most important research results in physiotherapy and balneology in Belorussia (1972-1982)]. PMID- 6217634 TI - [Use of the terrain cure in diseases of the circulatory organs in Kislovodsk]. PMID- 6217636 TI - [New achievements in the field of balneology in the Georgian SSR]. PMID- 6217637 TI - [Role of the Department of Therapeutic Physical Exercise and Medical Control of the Central Institute for Physician Advanced Training in developing the scientific bases of the specialty]. PMID- 6217638 TI - [Effectiveness of the sanatorium and health resort treatment, including massage of the collar area and electrosleep, of early cerebral arteriosclerosis patients with a history of transient cerebral circulatory disorder]. PMID- 6217640 TI - [Results and trends in the development of oncological services in the Belorussian SSR]. PMID- 6217639 TI - [Analysis of lytic effect on fibrin of immobilized heparin in complex with plasma proteins]. AB - Reactions of heparin, covalently immobilized in hydrogel, with fibrinolysin, blood serum albumin, thrombin and fibrinogen were studied. All the proteins studied were shown to penetrate into the hydrogel pores and to interact with the immobilized heparin. Stability of the complexes was decreased in the following sequence: fibrinogen = thrombin much greater than fibrinolysin much greater than blood serum albumin. Complexes of the immobilized heparin with fibrinogen, thrombin and fibrinolysin hydrolyzed the unstabilized fibrin. PMID- 6217641 TI - [Main landmarks in the development of oncology and roentgenology in the Armenian SSR]. PMID- 6217642 TI - [Founding of oncological services in the Turkmenian SSR]. PMID- 6217643 TI - [Organization of the system of control of food contamination with mycotoxins]. AB - Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites of microscopic fungi. They are classified with particularly hazardous contaminants of foods and feeds. It has been demonstrated that they are extremely dangerous for the health of man, widely spread and do considerable economic damage. The authors describe in detail the data as to the level of contamination of different foods with aflatoxins, ochertoxins, citrinin, patulin, trichotecenic mycotoxins, and zearalenone. The principal role in the prevention of human mycotoxicoses is played by the control over food contamination with mycotoxins. An organization program of the control has been developed. The principal feature of the program is the organization of the specialized scientific-practical centers responsible for the collection and summarization of the results of monitoring and for the development of prophylactic measures. The authors provide data on the maximum allowable concentrations of aflatoxins in foods validated in different countries. Review the topics concerned with the assessment of the efficacy of the control over food contamination with mycotoxins. PMID- 6217644 TI - [Immune complexes in kidney diseases (a review of the literature)]. PMID- 6217645 TI - [Vitamin B1, B2, PP, B6 and C metabolism in iron-deficiency anemia]. PMID- 6217646 TI - Aminophylline-induced exfoliative dermatitis: cause and implications. PMID- 6217647 TI - [Technical cooperation in the area of prevention and rehabilitation of injuries and handicaps]. PMID- 6217648 TI - [5-year work group on vehicles for invalids. Report on the study of problem cases]. PMID- 6217649 TI - [Problems and solution in the adjustment of persons with injuries of the musculoskeletal system]. PMID- 6217650 TI - [Angiological functional evaluation following transluminal catheter recanalization]. AB - The percutaneous transluminal angioplasty is regarded as valuable enrichment of the therapeutical possibilities in peripheral arterial obstructive disease. Frequently by its application an arterial dilatation of the lumen and thus a local improvement of the blood supply can be achieved. As was shown by our measurements the haemodynamic factors and the quality of the prophylaxis of recidivations by medicaments have a decisive influence on the early results. Apart from clinical and X-ray morphological findings also oscillographic, Doppler sonographic, plethysmographic and ergometric parameters are used for indication. In the same way angiological examinations of the function were performed within the further control of course and therapy. Changes of the peripheral haemodynamics could be particularly well read at the behaviour of the systolic pressure gradients and indices. When the technical and apparative prerequisites for the performance of the percutaneous transluminal angioplasty are given, the close interdisciplinary cooperation between radiologists and angiologists is important for achievement of optimum results of the treatment. PMID- 6217651 TI - [Antimitochondrial antibodies against the M2-antigen with immune vasculitis and discoid lupus erythematosus without proof of liver disease]. AB - We have seen a 54-year-old patient with discoid lupus erythematosus and biopsy proven vasculitis with granular deposits of complement and immunoglobulins in small subcutaneous vessels of clinically normal skin. Serologically, neither antinuclear antibodies nor antibodies against double-stranded DNA, Sm-Ag nor ribonucleoprotein could be demonstrated whereas the immunofluorescence test for antimitochondrial antibodies was positive during the whole observation period of 15 months. The further characterisation of the antimitochondrial antibodies by a newly described radio-immuno-assay demonstrated that the antibodies are directed against the primary biliary cirrhosis specific M2-antigen of mitochondria. So far, the patient, however, does not show any clinical or laboratory signs of primary biliary cirrhosis and a liver biopsy showed no evidence of that disease. It is discussed whether there is a coincidence of different autoimmunopathies or if the findings are symptoms of a single disease. Follow-up study might solve this open question. PMID- 6217652 TI - Transluminal percutaneous angioplasty of the peripheral and renal arteries (symposium in Zurich, 25-27 March 1982). Presentations. PMID- 6217653 TI - [Technic and equipment for peripheral percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA)]. PMID- 6217654 TI - [Indications for peripheral transluminal angioplasty (PTA) from the internist's viewpoint]. PMID- 6217655 TI - Indications for percutaneous transluminal angioplasty from the viewpoint of the surgeon. PMID- 6217656 TI - [Morphology of the arterial wall after percutaneous transluminal dilatation]. PMID- 6217657 TI - [Complications following PTA of femoral and iliac obstructions]. PMID- 6217659 TI - [Combination of PTA and surgical intervention in the femoro-popliteal region]. PMID- 6217658 TI - [Type and frequency of PTA-induced complications and their significance in emergency surgery]. PMID- 6217660 TI - [Combination of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) with local thrombolysis]. PMID- 6217661 TI - [Fibrinolysis and transluminal catheter treatment: a sensible step-by-step therapy of chronic arterial obstruction]. PMID- 6217662 TI - ["Cross-over" technic in the treatment of inguinal arteries]. PMID- 6217663 TI - Percutaneous angioplasty in complete iliac occlusions. PMID- 6217664 TI - Initial results after percutaneous transluminal angioplasty in femoral and iliac obstruction. PMID- 6217665 TI - Initial hemodynamic changes after balloon dilatation in peripheral arterial occlusive disease. PMID- 6217666 TI - [Evaluation of peripheral transluminal angioplasty (PTA) with a computerized, arteriographic score system]. PMID- 6217667 TI - [Correlation between angiographic and clinical investigations following PTA of the lower extremities]. PMID- 6217668 TI - [Progress following percutaneous transluminal recanalization of peripheral vessels with vascular scintigraphy]. PMID- 6217669 TI - [Early and late results in 250 cases of percutaneous transluminal dilatation in the lower extremities]. PMID- 6217670 TI - [Long-term results following percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) in 882 consecutive patients with iliac and femoro-popliteal obstructions]. PMID- 6217671 TI - [Percutaneous transluminal dilatation and recanalization: long-term results and experience with a new catheter system]. PMID- 6217672 TI - [Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) in early stage II of peripheral arterial occlusive disease]. PMID- 6217673 TI - [Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) in stages III and IV of peripheral arterial occlusive disease]. PMID- 6217674 TI - Comparison of long-term results after balloon dilatation to the results of arterial reconstructive surgery. PMID- 6217675 TI - [Prophylaxis following PTA: anticoagulants or antiaggregation agents]. PMID- 6217676 TI - [Roentgenological and nuclear medicine diagnosis of renal artery stenosis with reference to percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA)]. PMID- 6217677 TI - [Percutaneous transluminal dilatation of renal artery stenosis: methods and results]. PMID- 6217678 TI - [Renal sequence computed tomography of arterial stenosis before and after endoluminal dilatation]. PMID- 6217679 TI - [Long-term progress following percutaneous transluminal dilatation of renal artery stenosis]. PMID- 6217680 TI - Unilateral renal vascular hypertension: surgery vs. dilation. PMID- 6217681 TI - Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA): state of the art and future perspectives. PMID- 6217682 TI - [Comparative morphometric study of the sebaceous and sweat glands in alopecia areata, chronic diffuse and seborrheic baldness]. PMID- 6217683 TI - [Basis and method of determining clinico-immunological groups in Trichophyton rubrum-induced mycosis]. PMID- 6217684 TI - [Differentiated approach to the teaching of dermatology and venereology in pediatric departments]. PMID- 6217685 TI - [Immunoallergic status of workers in worsted and woolen manufacture]. PMID- 6217686 TI - [Central nervous system function of adolescents with atopic dermatitis and psoriasis based on electroencephalographic data and its dynamics during treatment at Sochi health resort]. PMID- 6217687 TI - [Contact dermatoses from blue vitriol, bromine and its salts]. PMID- 6217688 TI - [Epidemiological, diagnostic and treatment characteristics of latent syphilis in recent years (1975-1980)]. PMID- 6217689 TI - [Immunological indices in neurodermatitis and their correction by the PUVA method]. PMID- 6217690 TI - [Histochemical changes in the skin of guinea pigs under carbohydrate load and exposed to bucarban]. PMID- 6217691 TI - [Case of successful treatment, by a photochemotherapy method, of psoriatic erythroderma due to total ultraviolet irradiation]. PMID- 6217692 TI - [Characteristics of dermatosis morbidity among Apsheron petroleum production workers depending on the physicochemical properties of the petroleum recovered]. PMID- 6217693 TI - [Detection of hereditary enzyme characteristics in vaginal secretion]. AB - Upon investigation of semen- and blood-free vaginal swabs using starch gel electrophoresis the Phosphoglucomutase type was clearly identified in about 40%. Using cellulose acetate membrane electrophoresis PGM could not be demonstrated. In all cases the results correspond with those obtained in blood. No relation was found between secretor type (determined in saliva) and PGM typing. In vaginal material the following could not be determined: Adenylatkinase (AK) using starch gel electrophoresis, Esterase D (EsD) using cellulose acetate membrane electrophoresis, and Glyoxalase I (GLO) using agarose gel thin-layer electrophoresis. PMID- 6217694 TI - [Kinetic training eases nervousness of retarded children]. PMID- 6217695 TI - [Cold and heat - special occupational effects on the spine]. PMID- 6217696 TI - [Follow-up observations of Down's syndrome patients]. PMID- 6217697 TI - [Features of psychopathies and accentuations of character in female adolescents]. PMID- 6217698 TI - [Development of its founder's ideas in the activities of the Bekhterev Leningrad Scientific-Research Institute of Psychoneurology]. PMID- 6217699 TI - Non-histone proteins preferentially associated with transcriptionally active chromatin of Physarum polycephalum. PMID- 6217700 TI - [Fine structure of the parathyroid gland of the fresh water turtle (Pseudemys scripta)]. AB - The ultrastructural characteristics of parathyroid in fresh-water turtles (Pseudemys scripta) are studied during the four seasons of the year. The gland parenchyma consists of chief cells organized in solid cordons. No oxifil cell is seen in turtle parathyroid. The chief cells present seasonal variations in cytoplasmatic organization. These are essentially represented by: the presence of secretory granules, cilia with centriolar apparatus and microfilaments in autumn; middle and wide lipid vacuoles and glycogen particles in winter; light and dark chief cells in spring. The dates, described above, suggest that seasonal variations of parathyroid in fresh-water turtles can be correlated with ultrastructural parathyroid aspects of hibernant animals. PMID- 6217701 TI - [Neurofibrosarcoma of the hypoglossal nerve associated with Von Recklinghausen disease. Case report]. PMID- 6217702 TI - [Chronic myeloid leukemia, Ph negative with chromosome 8 trisomy. A case report]. PMID- 6217703 TI - [Acute ischemia of the extremities caused by thromboembolism]. AB - Mortality and amputations after limb ischemia following thromboembolic obstruction show no significant improvements despite the technical progressions based on the use of Fogarty catheter. The Author analizes 98 patients surgically treated, to point out the reasons of failures: 14,5% mortality and 11% amputations in embolic ischemia and 11% and respectively 16% in acute thrombosis; the age resulted over 70 in 70% of patients; in the 75% embolic origin was determined by a atherosclerotic senile cardiopathy. In case of embolic ischemia, highly significantly from a statistical point of view worse results were observed for proximal obstructions. In overall patients must be noted a mortality of 6% under the age of 60 and 22% over this age. Finally, once again considering the embolic obstruction, the length of ischemic time was observed directly correlated with functional results. PMID- 6217704 TI - [Ultrastructure of the lung of Chiroptera]. PMID- 6217705 TI - [A rare site of peripheral aneurysm: aneurysm of deep femoral artery]. PMID- 6217706 TI - [Blood levels of maternal glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1) in the 3d day of the puerperium and neonatal anthropometric parameters]. AB - In the present study the Authors considered some neonatal anthropometric parameters such as head and chest circumference besides the neonatal weight and placental weight that may be more expressive of the fetal growth. All these parameters were correlated separately and jointly with maternal HbA1 levels of the third day of the post partum period. All mothers spent a pregnancy without any clinical and metabolic disorder. The data show a significant higher HbA1 mean value, than the controls, in mothers whose newborn showed one or more parameters like/superior the 90th centile. This finding may suggest that the evaluation of all the parameters together, the maternal HbA1 value can give more informations about the fetal growth. PMID- 6217707 TI - [Lumbar sympathectomy today: consideration previous experience and new trends]. PMID- 6217708 TI - [Water-electrolyte and acid-base changes during extracorporeal circulation]. AB - Changes in fluid, electrolyte and acid-base balance were evaluated in 8 patients during extracorporeal circulation. H2O increase and osmolarity and colloid osmotic pressure decrease, due to priming and perfusion technique used for cardiopulmonary by pass, were found. Mild respiratory alkalosis was also present. K+ serum, because of KCL supplements, was always maintained within the normal values, while Na+ serum concentration was low, despite of large amounts of Na+ infused during perfusion. After examination of disturbances in fluid, electrolyte and acid-base balance, the Authors report the performed corrections and emphasize the importance of a prompt recognition and the immediate therapy of these changes to avert serious cardiac impairments during extracorporeal circulation or during the immediate postoperative period. PMID- 6217709 TI - [The right to coverage of hydrothermal therapy within the National Health Service]. PMID- 6217710 TI - Factors affecting the inhibition by alloxan, and effect of streptozotocin on phosphate transport in isolated mouse mitochondria. AB - The swelling technique evidenced inhibition of Pi transport in isolated mouse liver mitochondria by 1 mM or higher concentration of alloxan inhibition was found under the following conditions: preincubation at 4 degrees C, or pretreatment with Pi, glucagon, succinate, malate or pyruvate. Complete protection was observed in isolated mitochondria from mice injected with glucagon. No protection was seen under the following conditions: preincubation at 37 degrees C, addition of microsomes, or pretreatment with insulin or glucagon in the presence of glucagon antibodies. So-called light and heavy mitochondria were as sensitive to alloxan as those obtained with the routine technique. Alloxanic acid had no effect, and addition of cysteine or glutathione abolished the inhibition by alloxan. Alloxan inhibited Pi transport also in isolated lung mitochondria. The findings suggest a direct action of alloxan on mitochondrial Pi transport which is affected by the energetic state. A relationship seems to exist between protection against alloxan toxicity in vivo and protection under the present experimental conditions. PMID- 6217712 TI - Extraocular muscles in the lamprey, Lampetra fluviatilis L. I. Muscle fibres. AB - Six extraocular muscles of the river lamprey, Lampetra fluviatilis L., were studied with the light and electron microscope. On the basis of morphology and histochemistry three types of muscle fibres were distinguished: thin, thick mitochondria-rich and thick multifibrillar fibres. In the thin fibres, 2.8-22.4 microns in diameter, myofibrils are distributed peripherally and show strong ATPase activity. The mitochondria are located paraxially. In the thick mitochondria-rich fibres, 19.4-31.0 microns in diameter, myofibrils are also located peripherally, whereas the central part of the fibre is densely packed with very numerous mitochondria possessing tubular cristae. Thick multifibrillar fibres, with a diameter similar to that of the former type, contain thin myofibrils scattered over the entire cross-section of the fibre. The activity of myofibrillar ATPase is lower in both types of thick fibres than in the thin ones. The tubules of the T system were observed frequently only in the thick multifibrillar fibres. The extraocular muscles of the lamprey are composed of large quantities of muscle fibres. Thin and thick fibres do not form separate layers, but are more or less uniformly distributed throughout the muscle. Many muscle fibres show structural features suggesting their degeneration. PMID- 6217711 TI - The effect of diamide (azodicarboxylic acid-bis-dimethylamide) on sulfhydryl group content, proteins, and the location of phosphatidylethanolamine in human blood platelets. AB - Treatment of human blood platelets with the thiol-oxidizing agent, diamide, causes rapid oxidation of glutathione and alterations in aggregation and release reaction. Moreover, cross-linking of proteins was observed. Three high molecular weight bands of 200 - 240 X 10(3) daltons and a band of 66 X 10(3) daltons were involved in this process. After reduction with dithiotreitol the normal pattern was received. In contrast to the erythrocyte, the cross-linking of platelet proteins was not accompanied by a reorientation of phosphatidylethanolamine in the membrane. Also a considerably smaller effect of diamide on platelet protein sulfhydryl group content was measured. PMID- 6217713 TI - Methacrylate-based polymeric dental materials: conversion and related properties. Summary and review. PMID- 6217714 TI - Bone scintigraphic diagnosis in acute frontal sinusitis. AB - The diagnostic value of Technetium 99m Methylene Diphosphate bone scintigraphy was evaluated in 21 patients, 10 of them with acute frontal sinusitis and a "fluid level" on sinus radiography. Pathologic accumulation of the radioisotope over the region corresponding to the diseased frontal sinus was observed in 9 of these 10 patients, 5 of them having a marked accumulation. The patients with marked accumulation of the bone-seeking radioisotope had a more severe clinical course of the disease than those who had a moderate or no accumulation of the radioisotope. Marked accumulation of the radioisotope was also found in a patient with "inflammatory pseudotumor of the orbit". The radioisotope did not accumulate over the frontal sinus of patients with mucosal swelling or cellulitis of face, or in control patients with mastoid disease. Based on our findings, we recommend bone scintigraphy be performed routinely for diagnosis of acute frontal sinusitis. A marked accumulation of Tc99m MDP indicates inflammatory metabolic changes of the sinus bony walls, predicting a severe clinical course and the necessity of aggressive treatment. PMID- 6217715 TI - A case of hyperkeratosis palmoplantaris striata combined with pili torti, hypohidrosis, hypodontia and hypacusis. PMID- 6217716 TI - Down syndrome: correspondence of clinical diagnosis and karyotype. PMID- 6217717 TI - Unusual chromosome aberrations in 3 children with Down syndrome. AB - In 3 children with Down syndrome extremely rare chromosome aberrations were found. In the first patient, the karyotype showed 46 chromosomes with a de novo duplication of the q22-qter segment. This finding supports that the 21q22-qter band was responsible for the characteristic mongoloid features. In the second case, trisomy 21 was present and out of 78 investigated cells, 60 contained a small, supernumerary marker chromosome in addition to trisomy 21. The parents were cytogenetically and clinically normal. In the third case trisomy 21 with inv(10) (p13q22) occurred. The inversion was inherited from the mother with diminished fertility. PMID- 6217718 TI - Developmental changes in lymphocyte surface markers. AB - The aim of the study was to establish normal values for TG and TM cells in neonates and small babies who are more susceptible to infections than children and adults. For the same reason, the T- and B-lymphocyte ratios were also determined. The percentage of B- and T-cells in neonates was significantly lower, while their absolute number higher, than the adult value. The percentage of TG cells was significantly higher in neonates than in the other age groups. There was a significant decrease in the ratio of TM cells as compared to adult values. Spontaneous thymidine uptake showed an inverse correlation with age, but the difference was not significant. There was a nearly identical response to PHA in the observed age groups, at least to the single dose of PHA applied. PMID- 6217720 TI - Influence of in vivo diethylstilbosterol phosphate on some human blood lymphocyte sub-populations. AB - The effects of in vivo diethylstilbosterol phosphate (DES-P) on lymphoid cells were studied in six patients with adenocarcinoma of the prostate. The administration of 500 mg DES-P intravenously caused increased numbers of circulating granulocytes, monocytes, and non-T lymphocytes lasting for 24-48 hours. The natural killer activity, as measured in a three-hours 51Cr-release assay with K562 cells as targets, was transiently depressed four hours after drug injection. Parallel variations were found in the fraction of lymphocytes bearing receptors for the Fc part of IgG. In mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC) the responding capacity of the T cells and the stimulatory capacity of the non-T cells were unaffected. In vitro preincubation with DES-P overnight was not toxic to the lymphocytes. To be suppressive in MLC DES-P had to be added in concentrations one thousand times higher than those of hydrocortisone. It is concluded that a single dose of DES-P in vivo modulates the kinetics of recirculating lymphoid cells. PMID- 6217719 TI - The heterologous immune complex glomerulonephritis. A dose dependent glomerulonephritis with acute, latent and chronic phases in a long-term study. AB - The pathophysiology, histology and immunohistology of acute and chronic heterologous immune complex glomerulonephritis were investigated in a long-term study in male Wistar rats. The glomerulonephritis showed 3 phases: an initial nephrotic syndrome, a latent phase with stable proteinuria (40 mg/24 h), and a terminal phase with increasing proteinuria and blood pressure, and declining serum protein concentration and creatinine clearance. Antiserum doses of 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 ml induced maximal proteinuria (112, 257 and 272 mg/24 h respectively) after 14 days whereas normal rabbit serum and 0.5 ml antiserum gave no proteinuria. After 100 days, the rats injected with 1.0 ml of antiserum did not show physiological signs of renal disease; in the rats injected with 1.5 ml of antiserum the disease run a chronic course. Equal amounts of rabbit IgG, rat IgG and rat C3 were found in 10 glomeruli from rats 100 days after injection of 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 ml (p greater than 0.10). Intramembranous deposits and spike formation were observed in all groups. All changes increased with greater antiserum doses. Chronically diseased animals observed from 500 to 750 days showed deposits of rabbit IgG in the basement membrane, and in most animals small amounts of rat IgG and rat C3 were also observed. This is compatible with a sustained stimulus for antibody formation throughout the course of this type of glomerulonephritis. PMID- 6217721 TI - Con A induced suppressor test: an evaluation of the experimental conditions. AB - The suppressor activity measured by the Con A mixed lymphocyte culture assay exhibited a pronounced dependence on the technical performance as well as a marked inter-individual variation. The activity exerted by the induced suppressor cells depended on the Con A concentration in the induction phase, and on the mitotic activity in the responder system. The patterns of suppressor activities obtained in an allogeneic and an autologous suppressor test system were identical. When calculating the suppressor activity it is suggested, that one uses the total activities of the test system, without any reduction corresponding to the activity of the mixed lymphocyte culture. It is suggested that the suppressor activity is expressed by a "suppressor profile" to make the results more applicable and the interpretation of different works meaningful. PMID- 6217722 TI - Actions of theophylline, terbutaline, and ipratropium bromide alone and in combinations on the methacholine induced bronchoconstriction in rats. AB - Rats under pentobarbitone anaesthesia, pancuronium relaxation and artificial ventilation with constant volume, were given methacholine (MeCh) 4, 6, and 9 micrograms intravenously at 2 min. intervals; the rise in intratracheal pressure indicated bronchoconstriction. The heights of peak responses (PIPR), response areas (RA), and blood pressure and heart rate were recorded, and theophylline (THEO) concentrations in plasma and lung tissue were measured. THEO (5, 10, or 20 mg/kg intravenously) proved a weak bronchodilator agent with pronounced effects on circulation. Terbutaline (TER) (10, 20, or 40 microgram/kg intravenously) shifted dose dependently the airways MeCh dose-response curves to the right, with minor stimulation of the heart. THEO 5+TER 20, and THEO 20+TER 20 enhanced the bronchodilator action of each other in an additive manner. Ipratropium bromide (IPRA) (5 micrograms/kg intravenously) eliminated MeCh bronchoconstriction without any inhibition of MeCh bradycardia and with partial inhibition of MeCh hypotonia. THEO 20+IPRA 0.5 provided a supra-additive bronchodilation. Injection of TER 20 promoted the penetration of THEO into the lungs thus increasing THEO concentrations in the lung tissue. The present results suggest that in this animal model combinations of low doses of THEO with TER/IPRA provide enhanced bronchodilation but reduced cardiovascular effects, in comparison with single therapy. Further, a pharmacokinetic interaction between THEO and a beta 2-agonist was evident within certain doses. PMID- 6217723 TI - Paroxetine: pharmacokinetics and cardiovascular effects after oral and intravenous single doses in man. AB - Paroxetine kinetics and cardiovascular effects were studied in 4 healthy male subjects after single oral doses of 45 mg and after slow intravenous infusion of 23-28 mg. The plasma concentration/time curves could be described by a two compartment open model, but the estimates of the model parameters were relatively inaccurate after the oral test. Plasma half-lives were longer after oral (19.8 hrs. S.D. 1.3 hrs) than after intravenous test (12.3 hrs. S.D. 3.8 hrs). Different methods of calculation of the systemic availability resulted in different values, most probably due to dose dependent kinetics. This is possibly related to saturated elimination kinetics during the first pass metabolism. Systolic time interval measurements showed that paroxetine causes a shortening of the electromechanical systole (QS2 corrected for heart rate) indicating a positive inotropic effect of the compound. Paroxetine also caused a reduction in heart rate and a moderate rise in systolic and diastolic blood pressure. After the intravenous dose some subjects experienced nausea and one subject a quite pronounced anxiety. PMID- 6217724 TI - Cytogenetic and dermatoglyphic studies on severely handicapped patients in an institution. AB - Cytogenetic and dermatoglyphic studies were performed on a group of 197 institutionalized patients with severe mental and physical handicaps in order to evaluate the contribution of chromosomal aberrations on the etiology of the condition, and to determine whether any association exists between the dermatoglyphics and the severe handicaps. There were 4 patients with trisomy 21 and 2 patients with a de novo balanced reciprocal translocation. In addition, 9 patients were found to have a pericentric inversion of chromosome 9 (inv (9) (p11q13)). Other chromosome variations identified included inv (1) (p11q11) (one case), elongation of 1 qh (one case), and telocentric chromosome 13 (two cases). Dermatoglyphics from the patients excluding cases with Down syndrome were compared with those from 500 normal controls. Significant differences were observed in several dermatoglyphic characteristics, including simian crease, fingertip pattern, mean a-b ridge count, thenar/first interdigital pattern, hypothenar pattern, and hallucal pattern. The present study indicated that de novo balanced translocation as well as chromosome duplication or deficiency is causally related to the severe combined handicaps. This study also showed that the incidence of inv (9) (p11q13) in the patients was 4.2 times higher than that in the general Japanese population. If a real association exists between the inv (9) (p11q13) and severe handicaps, the increase of inv (9) (p11q13) in the patients may be explained by the concept of a risk factor. Moreover, the dermatoglyphic deviations found in patients may be evidence that pathological factors had been operating during early embryonic life in some of them. PMID- 6217725 TI - The creatine-creatine phosphate shuttle for energy transport-compartmentation of creatine phosphokinase in muscle. PMID- 6217726 TI - Phosphate and vanadate reduce the efficiency of the chemo-mechanical energy transformation in cardiac muscle. AB - Trabecular preparations from the hog heart right ventricle were "skinned" by treatment with Lubrol WX and glycerol. Ca++ activated isometric contractions were gradedly relaxed by inorganic phosphate (Pi) in the millimolar range or vanadate (Vi) in the micromolar range while tension cost (ATP split/force generated) was increased by a factor of 1.75. From measurements of force, ATPase activity, immediate stiffness and stretch activation, evidence is provided that the mechanical deactivation and the increase in tension cost may result from an acceleration of the myosin cross-bridge cycle, due to a direct interference of Pi and Vi with the chemomechanical energy transformation at the contractile proteins. The possible significance of such a mechanism in cardiac failure or muscle fatigue is discussed. PMID- 6217727 TI - Relationship between plasma phosphate and renal handling of phosphate: studies with low phosphate diet and nicotinamide. PMID- 6217728 TI - The regulation of intracellular calcium. PMID- 6217729 TI - Amyotrophy in multisystem genetic diseases. PMID- 6217730 TI - [Postnatal development of the lower jaw in patients with Down's syndrome]. PMID- 6217731 TI - Low back pain: the controversy of radiologic evaluation. AB - A prospective study was performed to evaluate the efficacy of including oblique radiographs as part of a lumbar vertebral column examination. Five hundred patients in the second through ninth decades of life were evaluated. Of those, 12% had an abnormality detected on the 45 degree oblique view that was not apparent on the frontal or lateral radiographs. Those abnormalities included degenerative changes of apophyseal joints (6%), spondylolysis (4%), osteoid osteoma, anomalous apophyseal joint, and abnormal pars interarticularis (2%). These results are compared with those of other investigators and the reasons for variance are discussed. PMID- 6217732 TI - Renal transplant arterial stenosis: percutaneous transluminal angioplasty. AB - Seven hypertensive patients underwent percutaneous transluminal angioplasty for relief of arterial stenosis complicating renal allotransplantation. Five had end to-side anastomosis of the donor renal artery to the recipient external iliac artery, and two had end-to-end anastomosis of the donor renal artery to the recipient internal iliac artery. Each patient had developed hypertension (blood pressure greater than 145/95 mm Hg), elevated peripheral venous plasma renin, and six demonstrated decrease in renal function as detected by an increase in serum creatinine at least 2 months after transplantation and without evidence of rejection. Angioplasty was technically successful without significant complications and blood pressure and biochemical abnormalities were improved or stabilized in all seven patients. PMID- 6217733 TI - Focal contrast enhancement on hepatic CT in superior vena caval and brachiocephalic vein obstruction. PMID- 6217734 TI - Forces of nature and their influence upon the physically handicapped driver. PMID- 6217735 TI - Blood pressure related echocardiographic changes in adolescents and young adults. AB - In 1973, standardized blood pressure measurements were obtained in 837 high school students in Bourbon County, Kentucky, a rural county with a high prevalence of individuals with systemic hypertension. In 1978, follow-up measurements of blood pressure were performed in selected individuals who were in the high, intermediate, and low ranges of the initial sex-specific blood pressure distributions. Relative rank order of initial blood pressure measurements over the five-year period was maintained. The results of this population-based study provided an opportunity to evaluate the cardiac status in young adults with relatively high blood pressures maintained over five years. Standard m-mode echocardiographic examinations were, therefore, performed over five years. Standard m-mode echocardiographic examinations were, therefore, performed at the time of follow-up. In individuals in the low and intermediate ranges for systolic blood pressure, indices of ventricular hypertrophy were directly correlated with blood pressure level. Among individuals with higher values for systolic blood pressure, after adjusting for the effects of relative body size, indices of ventricular hypertrophy were not significantly different from those noted in the intermediate group. Indices of cardiac performance and estimated left ventricular systolic wall stress were, however, significantly elevated in this "high" blood pressure group. Early in the course of systemic hypertension increased wall stress, rather than hypertrophy, appears to be the primary cardiac manifestation of elevated systolic blood pressure. PMID- 6217736 TI - Fulminant acute rheumatic fever with multisystem involvement. PMID- 6217737 TI - The role of subendocardial ischemia in perpetuating myocardial failure in patients with nonischemic congestive cardiomyopathy. PMID- 6217738 TI - Relation of hemodynamic load to left ventricular hypertrophy and performance in hypertension. AB - Left ventricular hypertrophy and dysfunction in patients with hypertension are often poorly related to the level of blood pressure. To evaluate the reasons for this, 100 untreated patients (44 +/- 14 years) with essential hypertension were studied using cuff blood pressure and quantitative echocardiography to measure left ventricular mass index and end-diastolic relative wall thickness as 2 indexes of left ventricular hypertrophy. Left ventricular hypertrophy, as measured by either left ventricular mass index or end-diastolic relative wall thickness, correlated weakly with all indexes of blood pressure including systolic, diastolic, and mean blood pressure (r = 0.16 to 0.32). In contrast, end diastolic relative wall thickness, an index which assesses the severity of concentric hypertrophy, showed a closer direct relation with total peripheral resistance (r = 0.52 p less than 0.001) and a significant inverse relation with cardiac index (r = -0.47, p less than 0.001). Left ventricular performance as assessed by fractional systolic shortening of left ventricular internal dimensions was not significantly related to left ventricular mass index, blood pressure, or peak systolic wall stress, but declined significantly with increasing mean systolic wall stress (r = -0.42, p less than 0.001) and even more with increasing end-systolic wall stress (r = -0.71, p less than 0.001). It is concluded that in patients with hypertension (1) left ventricular hypertrophy is correlated only modestly with measurements of resting blood pressure; and (2) the classic pattern of concentric left ventricular hypertrophy, as measured by relative wall thickness, is more closely related to the "typical" hypertensive abnormality of elevated peripheral resistance, suggesting that these anatomic and hemodynamic changes may be pathophysiologically interdependent. Furthermore, left ventricular performance declines when the pressure overload in hypertension is not offset by compensating hypertrophy, allowing wall stresses to increase. PMID- 6217739 TI - Relation of electrocardiographic abnormalities and patterns of left ventricular hypertrophy identified by 2-dimensional echocardiography in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. AB - Distribution of left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy was assessed by wide-angle, 2 dimensional (2-D) echocardiography in 153 patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and compared with the scalar electrocardiogram in the same patients. The most common electrocardiographic alterations were S-T segment changes and T-wave inversion (61%), LV hypertrophy (47%), abnormal Q waves (25%), and left atrial enlargement (24%). LV hypertrophy on the electrocardiogram was significantly more common in patients with the most extensive distribution of LV hypertrophy on 2-D echocardiogram involving substantial portions of both the ventricular septum and LV free wall (type III; 51 of 69, 74%) than in those with more limited distribution of LV hypertrophy (21 of 84, 25%; p less than 0.001). Most patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and normal electrocardiograms (13 of 23) had localized (type I) hypertrophy, but only 4 had the extensive type III pattern of hypertrophy. Abnormal Q waves were significantly more common in those patients without hypertrophy of the anterior, basal septum (type IV; 15 of 27, 56%) than in those with basal septal hypertrophy (23 of 126, 18%; p less than 0.001); abnormal Q waves were uncommon in extensive type III distribution of hypertrophy (13 of 69, 19%). Thus, although no single electrocardiographic abnormality is characteristic of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, 2-D echocardiography clarifies the significance of certain electrocardiographic patterns: (1) LV hypertrophy on the electrocardiogram, although present in only about half of the study group, was a relatively sensitive (74%) marker for extensive (type III) LV hypertrophy; (2) abnormal Q waves cannot be explained by ventricular septal hypertrophy alone; and (3) a normal electrocardiogram was most commonly a manifestation of localized LV hypertrophy. PMID- 6217740 TI - Status of the major epicardial coronary arteries 80 to 150 days after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. Analysis of 3 necropsy patients. AB - Certain clinical and necropsy cardiac findings are described in 3 men who had percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) of the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery 80, 90, and 150 days before sudden death. Each patient had a decrease in the mean transstenotic coronary gradient (17, 38, and 43 mm Hg) and an angiographic increase in the LAD luminal diameter (55, 60, and 65%). At necropsy, the LAD coronary artery in the area of the PTCA in each patient was narrowed 76 to 95% in cross-sectional area by atherosclerotic plaques. No cracks in plaques or other lesions which may have resulted from the PTCA procedure were identified histologically in the LAD coronary artery of any patient. PMID- 6217741 TI - Combination therapy with progestins and tamoxifen in advanced breast cancer: A preliminary report. PMID- 6217742 TI - Intermittent regional infusion of chemotherapy for pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Phase I and II pilot study. AB - Nineteen patients with unresectable and metastatic adenocarcinoma of the pancreas and ampulla of Vater were treated with intermittent regional infusion of the celiac axis (CAI) with the combination of 5-fluorouracil, adriamycin, mitomycin C, and streptozotocin (FAM-S). Three schedules with escalating doses were investigated. The arterial infusion was repeated at 4 weeks, and in responding and stable patients, I.V. FAM-S was continued at monthly intervals. Twelve patients had measurable disease, and in this group one complete response and seven partial responses occurred. Median duration of response was 6+ months and median survival for all patients was 5.2 months. Four patients had catheter related complications (emboli, three, sepsis, one). Hematologic and gastrointestinal toxicity was minimal. Celiac artery infusion with FAM-S in locally extensive and metastatic adenocarcinoma of the pancreas and ampulla of Vater is a relatively simple procedure associated with low incidence of serious complications and toxicity but a higher response rate than previously reported. Induction of response with CAI and subsequent maintenance therapy with intravenous chemotherapy is under investigation. PMID- 6217743 TI - Leukemic cells as probes for sequential functional differentiation of the human granulocyte. AB - The purpose of this study was to sequence the functional properties of the neutrophil during maturation, using leukemic cells as experimental probes. Twenty nine cases of acute leukemia, derived from granulocytic precursors, were studied. The functional tests that were evaluated included phagocytosis, bactericidal activity, random locomotion, and chemotaxis. These functional properties were correlated with Fc receptors and the stimulated nitroblue tetrazolium dye reduction test. The results indicated that the various functions of the neutrophil are acquired sequentially rather than concurrently. It is postulated that the sequence of functional differentiation is: phagocytosis leads to microbial killing leads to random locomotion leads to chemotaxis. PMID- 6217744 TI - An analysis for temporal variation in Down syndrome births in Ohio, 1970-1979. AB - Our study investigates the epidemiology of Down syndrome (DS) in the state of Ohio during the 1970s. The occurrence of DS births was examined to learn if statistically significant temporal variation was present among these data. Both monthly and annual numbers of DS births, adjusted for changing numbers of live births, were tested for such variation; furthermore, the data were analyzed for cyclic variation by attempting to fit simple trigonometric functions to the data. Individuals with DS were ascertained using the records of cytogenetics laboratories and birth certificate records. Demographic data such as race, date of birth, and maternal age were collected on these individuals using their birth certificates as the data source. Appropriate parallel live-birth data were obtained from the Ohio Department of Health. The total number of affected individuals ascertained was 1,364, 66.7% of the total estimated population size. The data analysis was restricted to whites only (1,203 individuals) because they represented a more homogeneous sample than the total.Monthly and annual variation in the numbers of live births was removed by producing single-year maternal-age adjusted numbers of DS births using the total Ohio white live births as the reference population. Analysis of covariance using single-year maternal ages /= 45 as the covariate was used to analyze the adjusted numbers of DS births for temporal variation. No significant differences were detected among the annual adjusted numbers of DS births (P = .24), nor were there differences among the monthly adjusted numbers of DS (P = .37). The modes of ascertainment were tested to learn if there were annual or monthly differences in the method of ascertainment. No significant differences were detected for these data (P = .82 and P = .85, respectively). Furthermore, the data were separated into the maternal-age categories < 35 and >/= 35, and annual and monthly adjusted DS births to these two maternal-age categories were examined for temporal variation. No significant differences were found among these data, P > .10 for all four of the tests. No simple cyclic functions were found to fit either the annual or monthly data. The Ohio study reported here showed that through the use of a large sample, controlling for variation in the numbers of live births, and the use of detailed statistical tests, no significant temporal variation in the occurrence of DS births existed during the 1970s. PMID- 6217745 TI - Acupuncture treatment of chronic back pain. A double-blind placebo-controlled trial. AB - Acupuncture treatment of chronic low back pain was studied in a placebo controlled double-blind crossover trial completed by 77 patients. The patients had significantly increased depression, neuroticism, and hypochondriasis scores. Initial pain levels correlated with state-anxiety, depression, pain duration, and abnormal illness behavior measures, as well as with the intake of psychotropic but not analgesic medication. Overall reduction in pain score was 26 percent for acupuncture and 22 percent for placebo treatment; the difference was not significant (p greater than 0.6). Analgesic drug intake was reduced to a similar extent in both groups. During the first phase of treatment, patients receiving acupuncture had a greater but not significantly different reduction in pain rating scores compared with those receiving placebo (t = 0.52; p greater than 0.6). This group showed significantly lower pain scores (p less than 0.05) in the second phase of the trial while receiving placebo treatment. Overall reduction in individual patient's pain score was best predicted by initial pain severity (r = 0.43; p less than 0.001) and psychotropic drug intake (r = 0.37; p less than 0.001). None of the variables tested predicted which patients would specifically respond to acupuncture or placebo. PMID- 6217746 TI - Down syndrome individuals fail to habituate cortical evoked potentials. AB - Small sample cortical evoked potentials in response to repetitive auditory stimuli were recorded from 10 Down syndrome individuals and from 10 nonretarded persons whose initial evoked potential amplitude was equated with that of the Down syndrome subjects in a matched-pairs experimental design. Regression analysis of sequential evoked potential amplitude revealed that the nonretarded subjects showed rapid habituation of their cortical evoked potentials whereas the Down syndrome subjects failed to show habituation. The findings support the concept of a deficit in inhibitory capacity at the fundamental electrophysiological level as a substrate for the behavioral-cognitive impairment characteristic of Down syndrome individuals. PMID- 6217747 TI - Looking behavior of Down syndrome infants. AB - Eleven Down syndrome infants were individually matched for sex and socioeconomic status with 11 nonretarded children. Looking behavior for the two groups was coded when the children were 6 and 9 months of age while they played with their mothers without toys. No significant group differences were found for maternal looking, holding, and vocalization behavior, but the Down syndrome infants spent almost half the play time looking toward their mother, nearly twice the time spent by the contrast group. Results were discussed in terms of Down syndrome fixation characteristics, maternal behavior, and referential looking. PMID- 6217748 TI - Success in management of renovascular hypertension: why so? PMID- 6217749 TI - Technetium-99m-labelled macroaggregated albumin in demonstration of trans diaphragmatic leakage of dialysate in peritoneal dialysis. AB - A patient developed a right pleural effusion soon after starting a program of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. The etiology of the effusion was unclear. 99mTc-labelled macroaggregated albumin was administered intraperitoneally, followed by 2 liters of dialysate. Trans-diaphragmatic leakage was clearly demonstrated, and confirmed by high count rates of pleural fluid with negligible blood count. This method can safely be used to demonstrate trans diaphragmatic fluid leakage in peritoneal dialysis patients. PMID- 6217750 TI - Nephrotic syndrome in a patient with liver disease. PMID- 6217752 TI - Iridocyclitis. PMID- 6217751 TI - Adrenal and sex steroid hormone production by a virilizing adrenal adenoma and its diagnosis with computerized tomography. AB - The presence of an androgen-secreting tumor in a 29-year-old woman was confirmed and its location was determined by computerized axial tomographic (CAT) scanning. The hormone production from this virilizing adrenal adenoma was studied in vivo and in vitro. The major secretory products of the tumor (as compared to normal adrenal tissue) were testosterone (24-fold) and 17 beta-estradiol (five-fold). Although the adenoma produced lesser amounts of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), the demonstration of elevated serum testosterone and DHEAS in serial samples was a better marker for an androgen-secreting adrenal tumor than were the urinary 17-ketosteroids, which remained in the upper limit of normal. The hormone production from the tumor depended neither on adrenocorticotropic hormone nor on human chorionic gonadotropin. The conclusions were that: (1) on the basis of serial measurements of serum testosterone and DHEAS, virilizing adrenal adenomas may be suspected when the concentrations of these hormones reach or exceed 200 ng/dl and 6,600 ng/ml, respectively; (2) the high-resolution CAT scanner can accurately localize these tumors; (3) cosmetic and menstrual dysfunction regressed after resection of the tumor; and (4) virilizing adrenal adenomas may produce both androgens and estrogens. PMID- 6217753 TI - Improving the handling properties of a composite resin for direct bonding. AB - Two experiments were performed to improve the handling properties of the Concise enamel bond system for direct bonding. The first study dealt with viscosity. For various reasons, neither the orthodontic nor the restorative Concise composite resins were considered optimal. Trial-and-error mixtures of various combinations of composite paste and liquid resin were made until a paste/paste system with the desired consistency was obtained. By weight analysis and mathematical calculations, it was figured out that the desired consistency could be arrived at by adding about 15 drops of liquid resin to each jar of 16 Gm. composite paste. Thus, diluted Concise had a consistency that allowed exact placement of brackets without subsequent drifting out of position and facilitated removal of excess adhesive outside the bracket pads. The second experiment dealt with working time. The two diluted pastes A and B were mixed in ratios of 1:1, 1:2, and 2:1, and furthermore paste A was mixed with liquid resin B (for superfast set), and the working time in the mouth was examined. The mean working time that was obtained for placement of each bracket in the mouth with equal portions of the 15-drop Concise was about 30 seconds. By varying the ratios, faster or slower working times could easily be obtained (Table I). The advantages of the Concise system as a bonding agent and our experiences with it over the past 10 years are discussed. Detailed clinical recommendations for direct bonding of brackets and lingual retainers with this adhesive are given (Figs. 2 to 8). PMID- 6217754 TI - Binding and antimineralocorticoid activities of spirolactones in toad bladder. AB - The role of the soluble pool (cytoplasmic or cytosolic) of [3H]-aldosterone binding sites in the toad bladder was assessed by the use of two spirolactones, prorenone and spironolactone as a reference drug. Prorenone fulfills all the criteria for a specific competitive antagonist of aldosterone for its effect on Na+ transport. Compared with spironolactone (Ki approximately equal to 1 microM), prorenone was about eightfold less potent (Ki approximately equal to 8 microM). Competition for [3H]aldosterone binding sites by spironolactone and prorenone revealed an order of potency (spironolactone greater than prorenone) that corresponded to their antagonist activities in the Na+ transport assay. There was a linear correlation between the effects of the two spirolactones on the aldosterone-stimulated Na+ transport and their ability to displace [3H]aldosterone from its binding sites in the soluble pool. Finally [3H]prorenone binding sites were detected in the soluble pool but an insignificant number of antagonist-receptor complexes were found associated with the nuclear pool. Our study indicates that the aldosterone binding sites of the soluble pool are indeed mineralocorticoid receptors, which are probably the first intracellular mediators leading to an increased Na+ reabsorption. PMID- 6217755 TI - Organic anion infusions exacerbate experimental acute renal failure. AB - This investigation proposed to determine whether high organic anion (OA) loads per nephron increase renal susceptibility to acute ischemic and nephrotoxic injury. Anesthetized Sprague-Dawley rats were infused with a control infusate, Na2SO4, or an OA (hippurate, p-aminohippurate, cephalothin; 0.125-1.0 mg/min). After a 40-min control period, acute renal injury was induced by either bilateral renal pedicle cross-clamping (X25 min) or by HgCl2 administration (12 mg/kg i.v.). Glomerular filtration rate (clearance of [125I]iothalamate) was determined every 20 min before and after renal injury. Non-OA-infused rats lost 51 +/- 4% (ischemia) and 40 +/- 4% (HgCl2) of control GFR. OA infusion exacerbated this loss of renal function (ischemia, 89 +/- 2%; HgCl2, 84 +/- 4%). Renal histology demonstrated that OA-treated acute renal failure (ARF) rats had more vacuolar degeneration of proximal tubular cells (HgCl2, ischemia) and greater tubular dilatation (ischemia) than did non-OA-treated ARF rats. These functional and histologic responses to OA infusion were not OA dose dependent. Discontinuation of OA infusion did not cause a subsequent rise in GFR. Na2SO4 infusion had no detrimental effects on ischemic ARF. Control rats subjected to prolonged OA infusion (1 mg/min X 5 h) maintained stable GFR and had normal renal histology. ARF rats infused with low-dose cephalothin had terminal serum cephalothin concentrations within a range commonly seen in humans. CONCLUSION: organic anion infusions can exacerbate early functional and histologic parameters of experimental ARF. PMID- 6217756 TI - Distribution of internal carotid artery blood flow in the pony. AB - This study determined whether blood flow through the internal carotid artery (ICA) could be used to sample total cerebral blood flow in the pony. To answer this question we considered both the anatomic arrangement of the ICA in cadavers and the relative distribution of ICA blood flow to cerebral and extracerebral tissue using radioactive microspheres. Acrylic corrosion casts of the ICA indicated that this vessel traveled directly to the base of the brain, contributing to the formation of the circle of Willis, and did not send any significant branches to other tissues. Two vessels (internal ethmoidal artery and internal ophthalamic artery) did arise anteriorly from the circle of Willis and were, therefore, indirectly supplied by the ICA. Injection of radioactive microspheres of 15 microns diameter indicated that blood flow to extracerebral structures supplied by the internal ethmoidal and internal ophthalamic arteries was less than 5% of total ICA blood flow. Increases in ICA blood flow as measured with an electromagnetic flowmeter during isocapnic hypoxia (arterial PO2 near 40 Torr) in the awake pony (n = 6) were compared with increases in total brain flow as measured with radioactive microspheres (n = 6). ICA blood flow increased 40% compared with a 38% increase in total brain blood flow as measured with microspheres. We conclude that the ICA supplies predominantly brain tissue (approximately 95%) and that changes in ICA blood flow are representative of changes in total brain blood flow in the awake pony. PMID- 6217757 TI - Byssinosis: a role for public health in the face of scientific uncertainty. AB - Byssinosis, a lung disease caused by cotton dust, has been the subject of recent controversy. Debates over the nature of the disease, possible interactions with cigarette smoking, and the proposed reevaluation of the cotton dust standard by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration have tended to overlook the plight of affected workers and to obscure the most effective means for preventing the disease. The present lack of definitive information is no reason for inaction, nor for depriving disabled workers of adequate financial compensation. In this respect, byssinosis is no different from other public health hazards for which action must often be taken on the basis of incomplete evidence. PMID- 6217758 TI - The in vitro effect of a calf thymus extract (thymostimulin) on T cell phenotypes in cord blood lymphocytes. AB - An investigation was carried out on the in vitro effect of a calf thymus extract, thymostimulin, on the distribution of T cell phenotypes as defined by OKT3, OKT4, and OKT8 murine monoclonal antibodies and on E-rosetting cells in human cord blood lymphocytes from healthy newborns. The percentages of E-rosette-forming lymphocytes and OKT3+ total T population were lower in newborns than in adults (E rosettes: 43.8% +/- 13% vs 57.9% +/- 7.9%, p less than 0.01; OKT3+ cells: 53.3% +/- 15.5% vs 79.9% +/- 4.7%, p less than 0.01), while the OKT4+/OKT8+ (helper/suppressor) cell ratio was normal in both (newborns: 3.40; adults: 2.44 NS). Thymostimulin increased the number of E-rosette-forming cells from 43.8% +/- 13% to 49.9% +/- 12.7% (p less than 0.01), as well as the percentage of phenotypic T lymphocytes. The highest increases were observed in the OKT4+ cells (37.7% +/- 14% to 49.1% +/- 13.8%, p less than 0.001), while smaller changes were observed in the OKT3+ cells (53.3% +/- 15.5% to 58.1% +/- 13.3%, p less than 0.02) and OKT8+ cells (12.8% +/- 6.4% to 16.6% +/- 6.5%, p less than 0.02). The results of the present study suggest that thymostimulin mainly provokes an increase in the helper T cell phenotype in cord blood lymphocytes. PMID- 6217759 TI - Suppression of maternal lymphocyte mitogenic responses by supernatants from short term placental cell cultures. AB - Human placental cells were freed from lymphocyte contamination on discontinuous BSA gradients. Supernatants from short-term cultures of these purified placental cell suspensions were predominantly suppressive for maternal lymphocyte blast transformation to phytohemagglutinin and in the mixed lymphocyte culture. The suppressor factor was nondialyzable and did not contain IgG or human chorionic gonadotropin. PMID- 6217760 TI - Specificity of the suppressor cell activity of intestinal lymphocytes. AB - Experiments were designed to examine the functional characteristics of lymphocytes harvested from the human intestine. Lymphocytes were harvested from the intestines of patients undergoing intestinal resection for a variety of gut disorders. The mitogenic and allogeneic responses of gut lymphocytes were found to be comparable with the response of peripheral blood lymphocytes. Intestinal suppressor cell activity was found to be more specific against other intestinal lymphocytes than peripheral mononuclear cells. The regulation of the intestinal immune response in various bowel disorders may be determined at a local level to a greater degree than had been previously appreciated. PMID- 6217761 TI - [Towards an outpatient surgical department. I. Test comparison of reawakening after three anesthetic protocols]. PMID- 6217762 TI - [Value of laparoscopy in the diagnosis of sclerocystic ovary syndrome]. PMID- 6217763 TI - [Progress in obstetrics and gynecology in Byelorussia]. PMID- 6217764 TI - [Maternal age and the incidence of Down's syndrome]. PMID- 6217765 TI - Rapid and specific assay of collagen glucosyltransferase with a Sepharose-bound substrate. PMID- 6217766 TI - Direct scanning active enzyme gel chromatography with halted flow for detecting molecular weight heterogeneity of active enzymes. PMID- 6217767 TI - Renovascular hypertension-renal artery stenosis: results of sixty-five consecutive reconstructions. PMID- 6217769 TI - Rehabilitation psychologists: characteristics and scope of practice. PMID- 6217768 TI - Indirect hemagglutination for the diagnosis of Heterobilharzia americana infections in dogs. AB - An indirect hemagglutination test was developed for the diagnosis of canine schistosomiasis. Specific-pathogen-free dogs and dogs infected with a variety of other helminths were experimentally infected with Heterobilharzia americana. Sera collected at various times after the dogs were exposed to cercariae were evaluated. Glutaraldehyde-fixed sheep erythrocytes sensitized with whole adult worm antigens provided a stable antigen substrate when tested over a period of months. The test produced sensitive and specific diagnosis at an appropriate serum dilution. Serum dilutions less than 1:80 from dogs with other helminth infections resulted in nonspecific agglutination. By postexposure day 60, coinciding with the end of the prepatent period, serum titers of dogs infected only with H americana equaled, and then surpassed, those of the other dogs. PMID- 6217770 TI - Renal hypertension in the Brattleboro diabetes insipidus rat. PMID- 6217771 TI - Alzheimer's disease, Down's syndrome, and aging. PMID- 6217772 TI - Alzheimer's disease and Down's syndrome. PMID- 6217773 TI - Down's syndrome, aging, and Alzheimer's disease: a clinical review. AB - This review has been directed towards those aspects of DS which bear upon pathological aging. Clinical dementia in DS has heretofore been studied largely by retrospective methods with variable findings. A prospective study utilizing techniques designed to measure cognitive performance in a poorly verbal, retarded population is badly needed. There is definitive evidence for Alzheimer's disease changes in the brains of DS patients with some suggestion of altered topography compared to the general population. Immunological studies have established a T cell deficiency in DS that may be linked to precocious aging of thymic-dependent processes. Both antiviral and nonantiviral effects of interferon are accentuated in cell culture systems utilizing DS tissue, presumably as a consequence of the localization of the interferon gene(s) on chromosome 21. Multiple endocrine studies confirm the high frequency of autoimmune disease, an abnormality that may be related to the problems of immune surveillance in DS. Precocious aging has been noted in regards to measures of skin elasticity, fenestration of cardiac valves, and premature cataracts. The 21st chromosome has been implicated in the elevated activity of superoxide dismutase, a finding of significance in regard to potential intracellular damage from increased levels of peroxide. Several studies have suggested a compensatory increase in glutathione peroxidase. PMID- 6217774 TI - Alzheimer's dementia and Down's syndrome: genetic evidence suggesting an association. PMID- 6217775 TI - Alzheimer's disease, Down's syndrome, and aging: the genetic approach. PMID- 6217776 TI - The dementia of Down's syndrome and its relevance to aetiological studies of Alzheimer's disease. PMID- 6217777 TI - Protein variations associated with Down's syndrome, chromosome 21, and Alzheimer's disease. PMID- 6217778 TI - Somatic cell genetic approaches to Down's syndrome. AB - Somatic cell genetic analysis of mutants of Chinese hamster ovary cells with deficient purine synthesis and of hybrids between these mutants and human cells is described. Data are presented substantiating that two genes for enzymes of purine synthesis, AdeC and AdeG, can be coordinately regulated in mammalian cells. Analysis of a human-hamster hybrid cell, Ade C/21, which contains a normal complement of hamster chromosomes and human chromosome 21 as its only human genetic component recognizable by electrophoretic and immunogenetic techniques demonstrates that genes associated with the presence of human chromosome 21 and required for the synthesis of specific polypeptides and specific human lethal cell surface antigens can be detected in these hybrids. PMID- 6217779 TI - Metabolism of oxygen derivatives in down's syndrome. PMID- 6217780 TI - [Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty]. PMID- 6217781 TI - Phosphoglucomutase (PGM) and group-specific component (Gc), isoelectric focusing sub-types among Zoroastrians of Iran. AB - A total of 243 and 236 red cell and serum samples from the Zoroastrians of Iran were sub-typed by isoelectric focusing for the red cell enzyme phosphoglucomutase locus 1 and the group-specific component respectively and the phenotype and gene frequency values were calculated. Comparison of the results with those of examinations performed on African, Asian and European population shows that for both the PGM and Gc systems Zoroastrians show similarity to western populations and differ from middle-eastern populations. PMID- 6217783 TI - [Distribution of actinomycetes of the genus Actinomadura in the light chestnut soils of Volgograd Province and their antagonistic properties]. AB - Prevalence of the actinomycetes of the Actinomadura genus in the virgin and cultivated light chestnut soils of the Volgograd Region was studied. It was shown that Actinomadura were one of the constituents of the actinomycetous flora of these soils. No significant changes in the number of the Actinomadura and the total number of the actinomycetes were observed in the cultivated and virgin soils. The cultures of Actinomadura isolated from the virgin and cultivated soils belonged to 17 and 18 known species, respectively. Some ecological indices were determined for estimation of the similarities and differences in the species structure of Actinomadura in the virgin and cultivated soils. It was shown that cultivation of the soils increased the species variety, equalization and general variety of Actinomadura. In the process of the species identification of Actinomadura the chemical nature of the pigments of the substrate mycelium of the same group of the isolates and the type culture of A. salmonea ATCC 33580 was studied. The pigment responsible for the colour of the substrate mycelium of A. salmonea belonged to the maduromycin group. The antagonistic properties of the Actinomadura isolated from the soils were studied. The isolates had a moderate antagonistic activity mainly against grampositive organisms. PMID- 6217782 TI - Cerebral metabolism and atrophy in Huntington's disease determined by 18FDG and computed tomographic scan. AB - Patterns of local cerebral glucose utilization were measured with positron emission, computed tomography using the 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose method in 13 patients with Huntington's disease (HD), 15 subjects at risk for HD, and 40 normal control subjects. These data were compared with computed tomographic measures of cerebral atrophy, with age, and with duration and severity of symptoms. The results indicate that in HD there is a characteristic decrease in glucose utilization in the caudate and putamen and that this local hypometabolism appears early and precedes bulk tissue loss. In contrast to patients with senile dementia, in these HD patients glucose utilization typically was normal throughout the rest of the brain, regardless of the severity of symptoms and despite apparent shrinkage of brain tissue. Our results suggest the possibility that the caudate may be hypometabolic in some asymptomatic subjects who are potential carriers of the autosomal dominant gene for HD. PMID- 6217784 TI - Moxalactam treatment of anaerobic infections in cancer patients. AB - Of 30 patients with predominantly anaerobic localized infections superimposed on chronic tissue damage related to trauma, ischemia, or tumor, 22 (73%) responded satisfactorily to moxalactam therapy. Moxalactam-resistant anaerobic pathogens emerged in two patients and were responsible for treatment failure. In six patients, two of whom also acquired resistant anaerobic pathogens, isolation of moxalactam-resistant aerobic pathogens increased during therapy. PMID- 6217786 TI - Comparative penetration of azlocillin and mezlocillin into cerebrospinal fluid of normal rabbits and rabbits with experimentally induced Pseudomonas aeruginosa meningitis. AB - The impacts of meningeal infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa and route of drug administration on the penetration of azlocillin and mezlocillin into the cerebrospinal fluid of rabbits were evaluated. The penetration of both agents was increased to a similar degree in rabbits with meningitis compared with normal rabbits. The increase in penetration was greater after intravenous administration than after intramuscular administration. PMID- 6217785 TI - Comparison of cefoperazone with penicillin, ampicillin, gentamicin, and chloramphenicol in the therapy of experimental meningitis. AB - Cefoperazone was compared with penicillin against Streptococcus pneumoniae, gentamicin against Escherichia coli, and ampicillin and chloramphenicol against Haemophilus influenzae in the therapy of experimental meningitis in rabbits. Meningitis was produced by intracisternal inoculation into cerebrospinal fluid, and all antibiotics were administered intravenously over 8 h in dosages that would achieve serum levels comparable to those found in humans. The mean percent penetration into purulent cerebrospinal fluid, expressed as (cerebrospinal fluid concentration/serum concentration) x 100%, was 2.6% for penicillin, 22.0% for gentamicin, 12.1% for ampicillin, 23.8% for chloramphenicol, and 6.4% for cefoperazone. The mean cerebrospinal fluid antibiotic concentrations exceeded the minimum bactericidal concentration for the test strain in each experimental model, except for ampicillin in experimental meningitis due to the beta-lactamase producing H. influenzae. Cefoperazone produced a significantly faster bactericidal effect after 4 h of treatment when compared with penicillin (P = 0.037) and ampicillin (P = 0.01) in meningitis caused by S. pneumoniae and H. influenzae (ampicillin susceptible), respectively. In meningitis caused by E. coli, cefoperazone was significantly (P = 0.006) more rapidly bactericidal after 8 h of treatment when compared to gentamicin. In addition, cefoperazone was significantly more rapidly bactericidal than either ampicillin or chloramphenicol in experimental meningitis due to beta-lactamase-producing H. influenzae. Cefoperazone deserves further evaluation in the therapy of bacterial meningitis in humans. PMID- 6217787 TI - Systemic pigmentation from tetracycline and minocycline therapy. PMID- 6217788 TI - [Treatment of prostatic cancer: medroxyprogesterone acetate, diethylstilbestrol and cyproterone acetate. Provisional report of a random study by the genito urinary cooperative group of the EORTC]. PMID- 6217789 TI - Spondyloarthritis and enthesopathy. Current concepts in rheumatology. AB - Spondyloarthritis (Sp) is newly defined as arthritis that is clinically, pathologically, and genetically related to and predisposed to ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and Reiter's syndrome (RS) rather than to rheumatoid arthritis (RA). A diagnosis of Sp does not necessarily imply arthritis of the spine and does not depend on the demonstration of roentgenographic sacroiliitis that, in this conceptualization, is recognized not as the essential hallmark, but rather merely as a diagnostic "way station" on a continuum of disease, which may (but need not necessarily) begin with RS or be complicated during its course by AS or RS. Spondyloarthritis is distinctively characterized morphologically and clinically by disproportionate inflammation at the entheses, the sites of attachment of tendons and ligaments to bone. Family history or presence of enthesopathic pain, psoriasis, inflammatory bowel disease, uveitis, recurrent urethritis, prostatitis or cervicitis, keratoderma blennorrhagicum, HLA-B27, and asymmetric pauciarticular lower lower extremity arthritis without rheumatoid factor or rheumatoid nodules suggests a diagnosis of Sp rather than RA. PMID- 6217790 TI - Polymicrobial anaerobic septicemia due to lateral sinus thrombophlebitis. AB - Continuous polymicrobial anaerobic septicemia was the main manifestation of a lateral sinus thrombophlebitis (LST) in a patient who had a history of chronic otitis media. Five different anaerobic microorganisms were isolated in blood cultures. Three of them were also present in ear cultures. The diagnosis was confirmed at surgery and the patient was successfully treated with moxalactam disodium therapy. This case emphasizes that LST should be considered before polymicrobial anaerobic septicemia, especially if there is a history of chronic otitis media. PMID- 6217791 TI - Bleeding problems. PMID- 6217792 TI - Unexpected hospital admissions among patients with diabetes mellitus. AB - In a search for a new way to recognize the patients who are at higher risk of unexpected hospitalizations, the characteristics of patients with diabetes mellitus were examined after their last office visit prior to hospitalization. Six characteristics contributed significantly in distinguishing 256 patients who were subsequently hospitalized from 512 patients who were not. The six characteristics included the following: frequent emergency room visits, low serum albumin level, cardiomegaly, anemia, hypotension, and hyperglycemia. The sensitivity of prediction was 43.2%, specificity was 77.4%, and the relative risk by odds ratio was 2.60:1. The intensity of care, as estimated by the level of the provider, and the intended intensity of care, as measured by the scheduled return visit interval, were not clinically consistent with the magnitude of risk. The characteristics of patients at higher risk of unexpected hospitalizations were identified and provide a direction for increased intensity of ambulatory care. PMID- 6217793 TI - BP as a determinant of cardiac left ventricular muscle mass. AB - The relationship between casual BPs and measures of cardiac hypertrophy, derived from the ECG, has been described as fairly weak. In this study, ECG and echocardiographic measurements of left ventricular muscle mass were related to various measures of BP obtained during circadian ambulatory BP monitoring in 12 patients with hypertension. Casual BP did not correlate substantially with ECG voltages or with echocardiographic measurements of muscle mass. The correlations between whole-day, daytime, or nighttime BP averages and ECG voltages were not significant. However, echocardiographic left ventricular muscle mass correlated significantly with the averages of whole-day, daytime, and nighttime, and two hour morning systolic pressures. The correlations between diastolic BP and left ventricular muscle mass were not significant. Therefore, serial BP measurements are required to evaluate the relationship between BP and left ventricular muscle mass as measured by the M-mode echocardiogram. The ECG is of little value in this relationship. PMID- 6217794 TI - [Chitinolytic activity of Entamoeba invadens]. PMID- 6217795 TI - Effects of pantolactone and butyrolactone on the pleiotropic phenotypes of lon mutants and on thermal induction of the SOS phenomena in a tif mutant of Escherichia coli K12. AB - Pantolactone and butyrolactone, known to suppress cell filament formation in the lon mutant of Escherichia coli, were found also to be capable of partially correcting other anomalies of the mutant including impaired lysogenization with bacteriophages lambda and Pl and increased synthesis of colanic acid. In contrast to pantolactone, which inhibited thermal induction of cell filament formation and lambda prophage in the tif mutant as previously described, butyrolactone enhanced these phenomena. It was inferred that whereas these substances exert their effects through acting upon the tif-recA protein in the tif bacterium, there is a distinct target for their characteristic actions in the lon mutant. PMID- 6217796 TI - [Anesthetic protocol in oral surgery for pediatric patients with cardiopathies]. PMID- 6217797 TI - [Cellular sterol biosynthesis in mixed lymphocyte culture reaction]. PMID- 6217798 TI - [Generation of human peripheral blood suppressor cell activity by auranofin]. PMID- 6217799 TI - [Nature of human autologous mixed lymphocyte reactions]. PMID- 6217800 TI - [Normal values of peak flow rate in Japanese children determined by Wright peak flowmeter]. PMID- 6217801 TI - [Pathogenesis and morphology of pregnancy toxemias]. AB - Data from the literature on the pathogenesis and morphological manifestations of nephropathy in pregnant women are presented. Three most common concepts of the pathogenesis of this disease are described: coagulopathy, primary alteration of the endothelium, and immunological disorders. The latter is currently considered to be the most convincing. Information on morphological changes in the kidneys and placenta in nephropathy are presented. The data from the literature on immunohistochemical and electron microscopic manifestations found in kidney biopsies and their reversibility are discussed in detail. PMID- 6217802 TI - Membrane effect on platelet function during hemodialysis: a comparison of cuprophan and polycarbonate. PMID- 6217803 TI - Extended care--an operation from a district hospital. PMID- 6217804 TI - Dermatology: common additives in topical therapy. PMID- 6217805 TI - Acne: its nature and management. PMID- 6217806 TI - Studies on distribution of two nalidixic acid analogs in otorhinolaryngological field. PMID- 6217807 TI - "Wheels on water" - imagination at work. PMID- 6217808 TI - CT demonstration of an infected abdominal aortic graft. A case report. PMID- 6217809 TI - Transluminal angioplasty of a transplant renal artery stenosis. PMID- 6217810 TI - Soluble starch synthases and starch branching enzymes from cotyledons of smooth- and wrinkled-seeded lines of Pisum sativum L. AB - Soluble starch synthase and branching enzyme were purified from 18-day-old cotyledons of the smooth-seeded pea cultivar Alaska (RR) and wrinkled-seeded pea cultivar Progress #9 (rr) by DEAE-cellulose chromatography. Two coeluting peaks of primed and citrate-stimulated starch synthase activity and a major and minor peak of branching enzyme activity were observed in Alaska. However, in Progress #9, only one peak of synthase activity was found. When crude extracts of Progress #9 were centrifuged, over 70% of the starch synthase activity was recovered in the pelleted fraction, and additional washings of the pellet released no further activity. The addition of purified starch granules to Alaska crude extracts also resulted in the recovery of a greater proportion of synthase activity in pelleted fractions. The two peaks of branching enzyme activity in Alaska differed in their stimulation of phosphorylase, amylose branching activity, and activity in various buffers. The DEAE-cellulose profile of Progress #9 showed no distinct peak of branching enzyme and less than 10% of the total activity found in Alaska. The association of one form of soluble starch synthase with the pelleted fraction and the greatly reduced levels of branching enzyme provide a partial explanation for the appearance of high-amylose starch in Progress #9 cotyledons. PMID- 6217811 TI - The synthesis of alkaline phosphatase in Neurospora crassa. AB - Mutations which affect the regulation of Neurospora repressible alkaline phosphatase do so by altering the rate of de novo alkaline phosphatase synthesis. In regulatory mutants the rate of alkaline phosphatase polypeptide synthesis can vary over a 1000-fold range. Following transfer to phosphate-free medium, the wild-type cell is capable of increasing the rate of synthesis of alkaline phosphatase molecules within 30-45 min. PMID- 6217812 TI - Description and genetics of glucose phosphate isomerase (GPI) and phosphoglucomutase (PGM) polymorphisms in Asellus aquaticus (L.). AB - Analysis of Western European populations of Asellus aquaticus uncovered 10 electrophoretic phenotypes of glucose phosphate isomerase (GPI) and 7 of phosphoglucomutase (PGM). Breeding studies indicate that the variation is controlled by codominant alleles at two autosomal loci. Genotype frequencies in the two sexes do not differ significantly, mating between genotypes is random, and no structural linkage is detectable between the two loci. PGM shows nongenetic, "secondary" banding, particularly in animals stored at -20 degrees C prior to electrophoresis. This secondary banding confounds the identification of the genetic variation but can be controlled by the reducing agent 2 mercaptoethanol. PMID- 6217813 TI - Large-scale isolation of human erythrocyte Ca2+-transport ATPase. AB - A rapid procedure for preparing large quantities of purified erythrocyte Ca2+ transport ATPase is presented. The method involves: (1) fast preparation of calmodulin-deficient, essentially haemoglobin-free, erythrocyte membranes by molecular filtration using Pellicon filters; (2) solubilization of membrane proteins by deoxycholate; and (3) a batch procedure using calmodulin-Sepharose 4B gel for purification of Ca2+-transport ATPase. PMID- 6217814 TI - Soluble adenylate cyclase activity in Neurospora crassa. AB - A soluble form of adenylate cyclase was extracted from mycelia of Neurospora crassa wild-type strains. This enzyme activity was purified by chromatography on hexyl-amino-Sepharose, agarose and Blue Sepharose and preparative polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. On sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis, peak fractions from the later purification steps showed a main polypeptide band with an apparent molecular weight of about 66 000. The following hydrodynamic and molecular parameters were established for the Neurospora soluble adenylate cyclase activity: sedimentation coefficient, 6.25 S; Stokes radius, 7.3 nm; partial specific volume, 0.74 ml/g; molecular weight, 202 000; frictional ratio, 1.65. The isoelectric point of this enzyme activity was 4.65. The enzyme was not activated by GTP, [beta gamma-imido]GTP, fluoride or cholera toxin. PMID- 6217815 TI - The core oligosaccharide in LPS of the Ter-15 mutant after the transformation of F'-lac episome. PMID- 6217816 TI - Correlation of C3b-receptor activity and diphenylhexatriene polarization in a murine macrophage cell line. PMID- 6217817 TI - On the mechanism of inhibition of the bovine heart F1-ATPase by local anesthetics. PMID- 6217818 TI - The effect of 1-(5'-oxohexyl)-3-methyl-7-propyl-xanthine on the respiratory activity of the rat brain mitochondria. AB - The effect of 1-(5'-oxohexyl)-3-methyl-7-propyl-xanthine (HWA 285) on the respiration and oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria isolated from normal (CM), ischemic (IsM) and postischemic (PIsM) rat brain was investigated. After the administration of 10 mg/kg HWA 285 p.o. daily for 14 days the mitochondrial ATPase activity was significantly increased, whereas O2-consumption and the respiratory control rate (RCR) were decreased. In IsM the RCR was increased, if they consumed glutamate and malate as substrates (from 3.7 +/- 0.8 to 5.0 +/- 0.75) as consequence of increased oxygen consumption in status 3. The pretreatment of the rats with 10 mg/kg HWA 285 p.o. induced a normalization of RCR in mitochondria from ischemic brains. The RCR in PIsM was apparently not influenced by HWA 285 but the oxidative phosphorylation was slightly increased. These results are consistent with the assumption that HWA 285 exerts a modulative effect on the rat brain mitochondria dependent on their functional status. PMID- 6217819 TI - [Neocarzinostatin: molecular mechanism of action and prospects for clinical use]. AB - This article describes the properties and biological actions of the antitumor protein neocarzinostatin which stands for a whole group of high molecular weight antitumor antibiotics. Special emphasis is given to the development of our understanding of the molecular mechanism of neocarzinostatin action. From this mechanism of action far-reaching perspectives concerning the clinical application of neocarzinostatin are discussed. PMID- 6217820 TI - [Human ecology and health]. PMID- 6217822 TI - [Women in health and development. II. Various problems of population, influence and environmental hygiene]. PMID- 6217821 TI - [Giardiasis in day care centers in Tucson, Arizona]. PMID- 6217823 TI - [Echocardiographic findings in patients with Down's syndrome]. PMID- 6217824 TI - [Aspects of the echocardiogram and of myocardial scintigraphy in a group of subjects with giant negative T waves]. PMID- 6217825 TI - [Role of the kinetocardiogram in the diagnosis of left ventricular hypertrophy in hypertensive subjects]. PMID- 6217826 TI - [Comparison between M-mode echocardiography and electrocardiography in the diagnosis of left atrial enlargement and left ventricular hypertrophy in arterial hypertension]. PMID- 6217827 TI - [A device to measure CSF flow in a shunt tube and its clinical application]. AB - An implantable device for measurement of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow in a shunt tube has been developed. The unit is energized by an extracorporeal high frequency generator (200 kHz), and electrolysis creates bubbles in the shunt tube. Bubble flow velocity is detected as reflected sound using a pair of ultrasonic Doppler probes (Saneisokkuki Doppler Flowmeter Type 1935) placed apart on the skin surface and in parallel with the tube. CSF flow is expressed in ml/min. by calculating velocity and tube diameter. The unit consists of a coil with a 200 kHz capacitor, a silicon diode to rectify the high frequency, and a Zener diode to regulate maximum output voltage of 20 V. The output is fed to a pair of platinum electrodes inside the unit's tunnel through which the CSF flows. The unit is moulded in epoxy resin and coated with medical grade silicon rubber. In vitro, CSF flow rates ranging from 0.033 ml/min to 1.0 ml/min. could be measured by this flowmeter model. In vivo, however, it was difficult to detect a flow rate of less than 0.006 ml/min. To measure the slower flow rate, a so-called bubble-detecting-tube made from an 11 cm stainless steel tube coated with silicon rubber is centrally inserted between the two ends of the separated shunt tube. The bubble flow velocity is detected by a tissue impedance detector's pair of probes placed apart on the skin surface. Clinically, CSF flow was measured in three cases of hydrocephalus (two cases of normal pressure hydrocephalus and one case of pineal tumor with non-cummunicating hydrocephalus). The flow rates were found to be, respectively, 0.10 ml/min., 0.063 ml/min., and 0.20 ml/min. The merits of the unit include its ability to repeatedly measure CSF flow at short intervals, and also to measure dynamic CSF flow under various conditions. PMID- 6217828 TI - Post-extubation stridor in Down's syndrome. PMID- 6217829 TI - Gore-tex replacement of a Sparks mandril false aneurysm. PMID- 6217830 TI - Passive Heymann nephritis in the rat produced by a heterologous antibody to a heterologous kidney fraction 3 antigen. PMID- 6217831 TI - Abnormal monoclonal antibody-defined helper/suppressor T-cell subpopulations in multiple myeloma: relationship to treatment and clinical stage. AB - Among peripheral blood T cells from 25 patients with myeloma, % OKT8+ suppressor cells were increased in all but two patients (mean 63 +/- 12%; normal 34 +/- 8%), but were present in normal absolute numbers (mean 0.5 +/- 0.3 x 10(9)/l; normal range 0.2-0.6 x 10(9)/l). OKT4+ helper cells were reduced in relative and absolute numbers (mean 40 +/- 12%, 0.3 +/- 0.2 x 10(9)/l; normal 64 +/- 8%, 0.6 1.4 x 10(9)/l). Similar results were obtained in treated and untreated cases, and in patients of different clinical stage. In the 12 patients tested, gamma Fc rosetting T cells were present in normal numbers (mean 28 +/- 10%; normal 34 +/- 10%). In four patients with IgM disease, similar, but less marked, changes in monoclonal antibody-defined T-cell subsets were observed. The findings are discussed in relation to those in other B-cell malignancies, and it is suggested that imbalances of OKT4+ helper/OKT8+ suppressor cells may be important in the immune suppression of many of these disorders. PMID- 6217832 TI - Structural characterization of factor I mediated cleavage of the third component of complement. PMID- 6217833 TI - Equilibrium binding of 125I-labeled adenosinetriphosphatase inhibitor protein to complex V of the mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation system. PMID- 6217834 TI - Inhibition of mammalian deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis by neocarzinostatin: selective effect on replicon initiation in CHO cells and resistant synthesis in ataxia telangiectasia fibroblasts. AB - Treatment of CHO cells with low doses of the protein antibiotic neocarzinostatin severely inhibited DNA replicon initiation but had no effect on chain elongation. The selectivity of the effect on initiation, which was greater than that seen with other chemical agents and comparable to that seen with X-rays, explains the biphasic dose response seen for DNA synthesis inhibition by this drug. Parallel experiments employing the nucleoid sedimentation technique indicated that half maximal relaxation of domains of DNA supercoiling and half-maximal inhibition of replicon initiation required the same dose of neocarzinostatin, approximately 0.03 micrograms/mL. These results, similar results obtained with the protein antibiotic auromomycin, and previous results obtained with X-rays suggest a quantitative correlation between inhibition of replicon initiation and induction of sufficient strand breakage to relax domains of supercoiling in DNA of mammalian cells. Results in human ataxia telangiectasia fibroblasts indicated that neocarzinostatin, like X-rays, is much less effective in inhibiting DNA synthesis in these cells than in normal human fibroblasts. This finding is consistent with the hypothesis that the genetic defect in ataxia telangiectasia involves a failure to recognize the presence of strand breaks in cellular DNA. PMID- 6217835 TI - Isolation and characterization of type IV procollagen, laminin, and heparan sulfate proteoglycan from the EHS sarcoma. AB - We have studied the extractability of type IV collagen, laminin, and heparan sulfate proteoglycan from EHS tumor tissue growth in normal and lathyritic animals. Laminin and heparan sulfate proteoglycan were readily extracted with chaotropic solvents from both normal and lathyritic tissue. The collagenous component was only solubilized from lathyritic tissue in the presence of a reducing agent. These results indicate that lysine-derived cross-links and disulfide bonds stabilize the collagenous component in the matrix but not the laminin or the heparan sulfate proteoglycan. The majority of the collagen present in the extracts had a native triple helix based upon the pattern of peptides resistant to pepsin digestion and visualization in the electron microscope by the rotary shadow technique. This protein was composed of chains (Mr 185000 and 170000) identical in migration to the chains of newly synthesized type IV procollagen. This finding confirms earlier work that indicates that the biosynthetic form, type IV procollagen, is incorporated as such in the basement membrane matrix. Material with smaller chains (Mr 160000 and 140000) appeared on storage in acetic acid solutions. These results indicate that the lower molecular weight collagen in acid extracts of basement membrane arises artifactually due to an endogenous acid-active protease. PMID- 6217836 TI - Kinetics of oxygen exchange at the anomeric carbon atom of D-glucose and D erythrose using the oxygen-18 isotope effect in carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. AB - The 18O isotope induced shift in 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy affords a new and convenient method for the study of oxygen exchange at the anomeric carbon atom of simple sugars. The efficacy of the technique was confirmed by a study of the oxygen exchange reaction of D-[1-13C] glucose. At pH 7.0 and 61 degrees C, the incorporation of 18O from solvent H2(18)O onto the C-1 carbon atom of the diastereomeric alpha- and beta-pyranose sugars was followed by 13C NMR spectroscopy in a continuous assay mode. The pseudo-first-order rate constant for exchange of both the alpha and the beta anomers was 9.5 X 10(-5) s 1, which is in agreement with a rate constant obtained in a previous study by a chemical conversion-mass spectrometry technique. The new technique was applied to a study of the oxygen exchange at the anomeric carbon atom of D-[1-13C]erythrose, a furanose sugar for which no experimental data were available. In unbuffered, aqueous solutions the incorporation of the 18O label from the medium (H2(18)O) onto the C-1 carbon atom of the alpha- and beta-D-[1-13C]erythrose and the D-[1 13C]erythrose hydrate forms was followed by 13C NMR at 10, 23, and 36 degrees C. From analysis of the data for the alpha and beta diastereomers, the pseudo-first order rate constants for exchange were 1.4 X 10(-4) s-1 at 10 degrees C, 4.8 X 10(-4) s-1 at 23 degrees C, and 8 X 10(-4) s-1 at 36 degrees C, and the apparent energy of activation for the exchange reaction was 12.1 kcal/mol. Particularly in conjunction with the use of specifically 13C-enriched sugars, the new technique for studying oxygen exchange reactions of carbohydrates has many distinct advantages over earlier approaches, including the ability to follow simultaneously the exchange reactions of all of the sugar species for which a 13C NMR signal can be detected, the continuity of the assay, the avoidance of possible artifacts due to incomplete or selective derivatization reactions, and the simplicity of the data analysis. PMID- 6217837 TI - The effect of linoleic acid and benzyl alcohol on the activity of glycosyltransferases of rat liver Golgi membranes and some soluble glycosyltransferases. AB - The effects of the membrane perturbing reagents linoleic acid and benzyl alcohol on the activities of four rat liver Golgi membrane enzymes, N-acetylglucosaminyl , N-acetylgalactosaminyl-, galactosyl-, and sialyltransferases and several soluble glycosyltransferases, bovine milk galactosyl- and N acetylglucosaminyltransferases and porcine submaxillary N acetylgalactosaminyltransferases have been studied. In rat liver Golgi membranes, linoleic acid inhibited the activities of N-acetylgalactosaminyl- and galactosyltransferases by 50% or greater, sialyltransferase by 10-15%, and N acetylglucosaminyltransferase not at all. The isolated bovine milk N acetylglucosaminyltransferase and porcine submaxillary N acetylgalactosylaminyltransferase were not inhibited but bovine milk galactosyltransferase was inhibited by 95% or greater. The inhibition by linoleic acid on Golgi membrane galactosyltransferase appears to be a direct effect of the reagent on the enzyme. Incorporation of bovine milk galactosyltransferase into liposomes formed from saturated phospholipids, DMPC, DPPC, and DSPC (dimyristoyl , dipalmitoyl-, and distearoylphosphatidylcholine) prevented inhibition of the enzyme activity suggesting that the lipid formed a barrier which did not allow linoleic acid access to the enzyme. The water soluble benzyl alcohol was more effective in inhibiting enzymes of the isolated rat liver Golgi complex. All four glycosyltransferases were inhibited, the N-acetylglucosaminyl- and N acetylgalactosaminyltransferases by more than 95%. A higher concentration of benzyl alcohol was necessary to inhibit the galactosyltransferases than was required for the other Golgi enzymes. Benzyl alcohol also inhibited the isolated bovine milk N-acetylglucosaminyl- and galactosyltransferases 90% to 95%, respectively, but did not affect the isolated porcine submaxillary gland N acetylgalactosaminyltransferase. Benzyl alcohol did not inhibit the milk galactosyltransferase incorporated into DMPC or DPPC liposomes but showed a complex effect on the activity of the enzyme incorporated into DSPC vesicles, a stimulation of activity at low concentrations followed by an inhibition. A lipid environment consisting of saturated lipids appears to present a barrier to inhibiting substances such as linoleic acid and benzyl alcohol, or lipid may stabilize the active conformation of the enzyme. The different effects of these reagents on four transferases of the Golgi complex suggest that the lipid environment around these enzymes may be different for each transferase. PMID- 6217838 TI - Streptokinase-dependent delayed activation of horse plasminogen. AB - Complete activation of purified horse plasminogen to plasmin was obtained with a 1:10 molar ratio of streptokinase to plasminogen after 5 min of incubation at 37 degrees C. At a 1:1 molar ratio, maximal activity did not appear until 15-30 min, while at a ratio of 6:1 complete activation was delayed for 120-180 min. Gel filtration studies of isotopically labeled streptokinase and horse plasminogen suggest that the delay was due to impaired formation of a streptokinase plasminogen complex. The predominant streptokinase moiety within the streptokinase-plasmin complex which forms from the streptokinase-plasminogen complex had a molecular weight of about 25000. The streptokinase-horse plasmin complex activated bovine plasminogen and was relatively stable. Native streptokinase was rapidly modified by horse plasmin predominantly to a fragment with a molecular weight comparable to that of the streptokinase moiety within the horse streptokinase-plasmin complex, about 25000 daltons. Partial characterization of horse plasminogen revealed no striking differences from human plasminogen in terms of molecular weight, N-terminal analysis and amino acid composition. However, horse plasminogen did not react with antibodies to human plasminogen, and its isoenzymes were more acidic than those of the human. Further characterization of horse plasminogen will be required to ascertain whether activation by streptokinase can serve as a model for the altered kinetics which have recently been described for the activation of aberrant types of human plasminogen. PMID- 6217839 TI - Circular dichroism studies of human factor H. A regulatory component of the complement system. AB - Factor H of the human complement system exhibits an unusual circular dichroism spectrum. The CD spectrum of Factor H exhibits a positive extreme at 230 nm and a negative extreme at 190 nm. No apparent alpha-helical or beta-sheet conformations were present in the native protein structure. However, when the disulfide bridges are reduced, followed either by reoxidation or alkylation, the structure of Factor H is modified so that it now exhibits conventional protein secondary structure as determined from its CD spectra in the far ultraviolet region. Factor H also fails to mediate its regulatory function of inhibiting the alternative pathway convertase once the disulfides have been ruptured and conformational rearrangement has occurred. CD studies indicate that minor conformational changes take place when Factor H and C3b associate in free solution. PMID- 6217840 TI - Investigation of binding sites in the complex pyrimidine-specific carbamoyl phosphate synthetase/aspartate carbamoyltransferase enzyme of Neurospora crassa. AB - The pyr-3 gene of Neurospora crassa codes for the bifunctional enzyme pyrimidine specific carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase/aspartate carbamoyltransferase (carbon dioxide: ammonia ligase (ADP-forming, carbamate phosphorylating)/carbamoylphosphate: L-aspartate carbamoyltransferase), EC 6.3.4.16/EC 2.1.3.2). We describe the investigation of substrate- and product binding sites of the enzyme by affinity chromatography, using the ligands aspartate, glutamate, and adenosine 5'-diphosphate, and investigate the channelling of carbamoyl phosphate, the product of the first function and substrate of the second, through the pathway. For this latter aspect of the investigation, two new enzyme assays were devised and described. The results of the competition studies on carbamoyl phosphate-binding are consistent with the existence of two different binding sites within the enzyme for this metabolic intermediate, one for it as the product of the first step and the other for it as the substrate of the second. PMID- 6217841 TI - Selenium and selenoproteins in the rat kidney. AB - Kidney tissue contains a high concentration of selenium that is not accounted for by the known selenoprotein glutathione peroxidase (glutathione: hydrogen-peroxide oxidoreductase, EC 1.11.1.9). In order to investigate the nonglutathione peroxidase selenium, rats were isotopically labeled with [75Se]selenite over a 10 day period. After this time half of the 75Se in kidney homogenate was found in the particulate subcellular fractions. The kidney lysosomes contained unusually high levels of 75Se, yet they did not contain correspondingly high levels of glutathione peroxidase activity. Two selenoproteins having molecular weights less than 40 000 were resolved by gel filtration from a kidney supernatant fraction. A third selenoprotein exhibited a molecular weight of 75 000. This protein contained one 75 000 molecular-weight subunit, and its selenium was in the amino acid selenocysteine. The 75 000 molecular-weight protein was chromatographically distinct from glutathione peroxidase. In order to determine if these selenoproteins protect against cadmium toxicity, 109CdCl2 was administered to rats that were isotopically prelabeled with 75Se. At 3, 25 and 72 h after 109Cd administration, no 109Cd was associated with selenium-containing proteins. Two of the nonglutathione peroxidase selenoproteins were apparently unique to the kidney. PMID- 6217842 TI - Amino acid sequence around the active-site selenocysteine of rat liver glutathione peroxidase. AB - Glutathione peroxidase (glutathione:hydrogen-peroxide oxidoreductase, EC 1.11.1.9) from rat liver was purified to at least 95% purity. A peptide of 16 amino acids, including the active-site selenocysteine (SeCys) residue, was isolated from a tryptic digest by reverse-phase HPLC and gel filtration. The amino acid sequence of the first 46 residues of glutathione peroxidase was obtained from the overlapping sequences of the tryptic selenopeptide and the intact subunit. The selenocysteine residue was located at residue 41, and the sequence of the tryptic selenopeptide was Val-Leu-Leu-Ile-Glu-Asn-Val-Ala-Ser-Leu SeCys-Gly-Thr-Thr-Thr-Arg. The sequence was analyzed by computer for homology with other proteins, but no closely related sequences were found. Glutathione peroxidase is the first selenoprotein for which sequence data have been obtained, and the methods described should be applicable to mapping and to sequence analysis of Se-containing peptides from other selenoproteins. PMID- 6217843 TI - The effects of temperature acclimation on membrane sterols and phospholipids of Neurospora crassa. AB - Experiments were conducted to examine the effects of temperature acclimation on sterol and phospholipid biosynthesis in Neurospora crassa. Cultures grown at high (37 degrees C) and low (15 degrees C) temperatures show significant differences in free and total sterol content, sterol/phospholipid ratios and distribution of major phospholipid species in total lipids and two functionally distinct membrane fractions. The ratio of free sterols to phospholipids in total cellular lipids from 15 degrees C cultures was found to be about one-half that found at 37 degrees C, whereas sterol/phospholipid ratios of mitochondrial and microsomal membranes were found to be higher at the low growth temperature. Total sterol and phospholipid biosynthetic rates showed parallel reductions in cultures acclimating to a shift from 37 to 15 degrees C growth conditions. Distribution of [14C]acetate label into free sterols was significantly lower under these conditions, however; indicating an increase in the conversion rate of sterols to sterol esters at the lower temperature. Mitochondrial and microsomal membrane fractions showed distinct phospholipid distributions which also differed from total lipid distributions at the two growth temperatures. In each case there was a consistent decrease in phosphatidylcholine and a corresponding increase in phosphatidylethanolamine as growth temperatures were lowered. PMID- 6217844 TI - The effects of altered levels of phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine on fatty acid desaturase activity and sterol metabolism during temperature acclimation in a choline auxotroph of Neurospora crassa. AB - Experiments were conducted to determine the effects of choline deprivation on levels of phospholipid fatty acids in a choline auxotroph (chol-1; chol-2) of Neurospora crassa with respect to high (37 degrees C) and low (15 degrees C) growth temperatures and during acclimation following a shift from high to low temperature conditions. Although grossly altered levels of phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine were observed at both temperatures, phospholipid fatty acid levels remained virtually identical to those found in a phenotypically wild-type and maximally supplemented chol-1; chol 2 strains grown under the same conditions. Deprivation of choline from supplemented cultures of the mutant followed by a shift from high to low growth temperatures did not significantly affect the level of fatty acid desaturation with respect to control cultures. Free sterols did not significantly affect the level of fatty acid desaturation with respect to control cultures. Free sterols were reduced, however, and sterol ester levels were elevated in choline-deprived cultures, suggesting that sterol interconversions may be closely tied to aspects of phospholipid biosynthesis. These experiments suggest that although major modifications in membrane fluidity may be brought about by thermally induced changes in fatty acid desaturase activity, it seems probable that additional cellular mechanisms may be involved if fluidity is under precise control. PMID- 6217845 TI - Rapid intracellular degradation of newly synthesized collagen by bone cells. Effect of dichloromethylenebisphosphonate. AB - Experiments were carried out to determine whether bone cells isolated from rat calvaria degrade newly synthesized collagen intracellularly prior to secretion and to assess the effect of dichloromethylenebisphosphonate, a compound shown to stimulate collagen synthesis during this event. The findings indicate that isolated bone cells grown in culture degraded a proportion (average 16%) of newly synthesized collagen prior to secretion. This process was markedly reduced by exposure to dichloromethylenebisphosphonate in a dose-related manner. Concomitantly with the observed decrease of degradation, an increase of collagen synthesis was detected as determined by the incorporation of [3H]proline into collagenase-digestible proteins or by the conversion of [3H]proline into [3H]hydroxyproline. No similar enhancement on total non-collagenous protein synthesis was evident. Dichloromethylenebisphosphonate did not influence the extracellular degradation of collagen. Although the reduction in intracellular degradation accounted only for part of the bisphosphonate mediated increase in net collagen synthesis, it is conceivable that the rate of collagen synthesis is regulated, at least in part, by mechanisms that modulate the level of intracellular degradation. PMID- 6217846 TI - Methylation of nicotinamide in rat liver cytosol and its correlation with hepatocellular proliferation. AB - The changes in the activity of nicotinamide: S-adenosylmethionine methyltransferase (nicotinamide methylase) were studied in rat liver which was subjected to different rates of cellular proliferation. The cytosolic enzyme activity increased 3-4-fold in the first 24-48 h after partial hepatectomy and decreased again to the basal levels until 4 days post-operatively, whereas it remained unchanged in the livers of sham-operated animals. A single administration of thioacetamide at a dose of 50-250 mg/kg body weight, a treatment which induces hepatocellular proliferation as well, also enhanced the enzyme activity 2-3-fold 24 h after drug administration. This activity increase was associated with a marked lowering of intracellular NAD content of as much as 50% of the control levels. D-Galactosamine, a known hepatotoxic agent causing acute hepatitis in experimental animals and preventing DNA synthesis in regenerating liver, blocked the activity increase in regenerating rat liver. The rate of 1-methylnicotinamide synthesis, as measured by incubating liver slices in the culture medium supplemented with [14C]nicotinamide as a precursor, was found to be 2-4 times higher in the slices from regenerating liver and thioacetamide treated rat liver than those from non-proliferating control liver. These results, together with our previous finding on the enhancement by 1-methylnicotinamide of the growth of cultured rat liver cells (Hoshino, J., Kuhne, U. and Kroger, H. (1982) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 105, 1446-1452), support the view that nicotinamide methylase and its product, 1-methyl-nicotinamide, are involved in the control of hepatocellular DNA synthesis and proliferation. PMID- 6217847 TI - [Distribution of 5-methylcytosine in phage lambda genome methylated by DNA methylase Eco RII]. AB - The distribution of 5-methylcytosine in Eco RI-Bam HI fragments of phage lambda DNA in vitro methylated by Eco RII methylase has been studied. The general picture of distribution of methylated sites in phage lambda DNA is slightly different from the statistical distribution. However, the sites have been found, where the distribution of 5-methylcytosine is not accidental. A complete absence of 5-methylcytosine in the J-fragment, a genome lambda area essential for site specific recombination, has been found. The absence of Eco RII is supposed to be the best protection of this area of phage genome from the increased mutagenesis, characteristic for nucleotide sequences methylated by DNA-methylated Eco RII and Eco RII type. PMID- 6217848 TI - [The special reaction of photophosphorylation using epsilon ADP--a fluorescent analog of ADP]. AB - Photophosphorylation of epsilon ADP in a chloroplast synthetase system reconstituted with CF1 or with CF1 modified by covalently bound epsilon ADP has been studied. The reconstitution of EDTA-treated chloroplasts with CF1 restores the photophosphorylating activity to about 90%. When the CF1 modified by covalently bound epsilon ADP is used for reconstitution the photophosphorylating activity of EDTA-treated chloroplasts is restored to 37%. Based on the results of a photochemical study of the chloroplast ATP-synthetase system reconstituted with CF1 with covalently bound epsilon ADP it may be assumed that the substrate, adenine, participates in proton translocation to inorganic phosphate in the active center of the coupling enzyme during photophosphorylation. PMID- 6217849 TI - [Effect of epidermal chalones on the development and growth of cheek pouch tumors in the hamster]. AB - To the cheek pouch mucosa of 118 male Syrian golden hamsters 0.5% acetone solution of 7,12-dimethylbenz (a) anthracene was applied 3 times a week during 2 months. Two months after beginning of the experiments all the hamsters developed tumors. Since that time a mixture of epidermal G1 and G2 chalones was applied to the cheek pouch mucosa of the experimental animals 5 times a week. The control hamsters received saline alone. As compared to the control, the experimental hamsters demonstrated an increase in the life-span, tumor growth retardation and regression of part of the tumors. The data obtained attest to the anti-neoplastic action of chalones. PMID- 6217850 TI - [Parallel formation of delayed-hypersensitivity effectors and T-suppressors in the intraperitoneal administration of a massive dose of ram erythrocytes]. AB - Injection of 6 X 10(9) sheep red blood cells (SRBC) to mice led to parallel formation, on days 4-5, of delayed hypersensitivity effector cells (the activity was tested in local transfer experiments) and delayed hypersensitivity T suppressors preventing sensitization of syngeneic recipients. After massive injection of SRBC the activity of spleen suppressors gave 2 peaks: on days 5 and 14. Five days after massive antigen injection only T-cells capable of sorbing on a specific antigen manifested suppressor activity. On day 14 T-cells capable of sorbing on specific antibodies showed a specific activity, whereas T-cells capable of sorbing on a specific antigen retained only part of their activity. The mechanism of delayed hypersensitivity inhibition following massive antigen injection by suppressors obtained by day 5 is reviewed in terms of Germain and Benacerraf's theory postulating that delayed hypersensitivity is regulated by Ly 2+, I-J+ antiidiotypic suppressors capable of sorbing on specific antibodies and formed upon injection of Ly 1+, I-J+, Id+ inductor cells capable of sorbing on a specific antigen. PMID- 6217851 TI - [Properties of bone tissue induced by transitional epithelium]. AB - Bone induction occurs with about 100% frequency around both the auto- and homotransplants of the guinea-pig transitional epithelium. In most cases the bone that developed around the epithelium disappears after immunological resorption of the homotransplanted epithelium. It was found from experiments with the mixed auto- and homological epithelium that the immunological response itself is not responsible for resorption of the induced bone tissue. The results obtained also show that the induced bone formed by recipients' rather than by donors' cells is the inductor-dependent, i. e. self-maintenance of the induced bone requires continuous inducing stimulation from the epithelium. PMID- 6217852 TI - Current status of the biology and treatment of acute non-lymphocytic leukemia in children (report from the ANLL strategy group of the Children's Cancer Study Group. AB - Major advances have been made in the past 10 yr in both the understanding of the biologic characteristics of acute nonlymphocytic leukemia and in the treatment of patients with this disease. Advances in the biologic characteristics include: a better understanding of the nature of leukemic cell proliferation and differentiation; a clearer description of the morphological, histochemical, and ultrastructural characteristics of leukemic cells; a recognition that a high percentage of patients may have specific cytogenetic abnormalities; and a recognition that biochemical differences exist between acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL) and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Today, over 70% of children with ANLL can be induced into a complete remission and over 25% are remaining in a continuous remission for over 2 yr. In spite of these improved results, the best method of extending remissions is unknown. It is unlikely that better results of therapy will be achieved in the future by tailoring the treatment according to the biologic characteristics of the patient, since it appears that ANLL is a heterogeneous group of diseases. PMID- 6217853 TI - Transplantation for severe combined immunodeficiency with HLA-A,B,D,DR incompatible parental marrow cells fractionated by soybean agglutinin and sheep red blood cells. AB - Three patients with severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) received transplants of HLA haplotype-mismatched parental bone marrow depleted of T lymphocytes by differential agglutination with soybean agglutinin (SBA) and subsequent E-rosette depletion. Two patients achieved durable engraftment with reconstitution of both humoral and cell-mediated immunity. Neither of these patients developed graft versus host disease (GVHD). The third patient achieved only a transient engraftment with concomitant development of mitogen-responsive lymphocytes of paternal origin. Our experience indicates that depletion of T lymphocytes by this technique can abrogate the potential of histoincompatible marrow grafts to induce lethal GVHD without limiting immunologic reconstitution. It also provides further evidence of nonimmune mechanisms of graft resistance that may necessitate preparative treatment of patients with SCID before transplantation with HLA mismatched marrow cells. PMID- 6217854 TI - [N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase activity in the submandibular gland of streptozotocin diabetic mice]. PMID- 6217855 TI - [The immunological activities of dental plaque. (12). Arthus reaction in dental plaque-immunized rabbit gingiva]. PMID- 6217856 TI - Effect of drugs and hormones on rat liver dimethylaminoazobenzene reductase activity. AB - 1. Rat liver endoplasmic reticulum catalyzes the reduction of 4 dimethylaminoazobenzene (DAB) by NADPH to dimethyl-p-phenylenediamine and p aminophenol. This azoreductase activity was inhibited by cyanide and cytochrome b5 antibody, but was resistant to carbon monoxide and SKF-525A (beta diethylaminoethyl-diphenylpropylacetate). 2. DAB azoreductase activity was induced by 20-methylcholanthrene and phenobarbital, and increased in streptozotocin-induced diabetes or fasting. It was repressed by treatment with DAB and its 3'-methyl derivative, but not by several other derivatives with substitutions in the dimethylaminoazobenzene ring. 3. Azoreductase activity, NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase, cytochromes P-450 and b5 were measured in liver microsomes prepared from fasted animals and from animals treated with 20 methylcholanthrene, phenobarbital, streptozotocin or 3-aminotriazole plus allyl isopropylacetamide. No direct correlation could be established between the variations of azoreductase activity and those of cytochromes P-450 and b5, and of NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase in these experimental situations. Since these known carriers do not seem to be the limiting factors for the azoreductase activity, the participation of an unknown carrier that can be repressed by dimethylaminoazobenzene is postulated. 4. Dimethylaminoazobenzene treatment did not reduce the rate of synthesis of microsomal proteins but rather increased the turnover rate of proteins with molecular weights of about 17, 30 an 35 kdal. Since streptozotocin increased the synthesis of proteins with molecular weights of 17, 32, and 48 kdal it is suggested that one of these proteins may correspond to the postulated carrier that is the limiting factor in DAB reduction. PMID- 6217858 TI - Reconstruction of major abdominal wall defects using the tensor fasciae latae myocutaneous flap. AB - Five cases of abdominal wall reconstruction using the tensor fasciae latae myocutaneous flap are described. This flap provides a deep layer of tissue of sufficient strength to prevent herniation and external cover in a single stage repair. We regard it as the method of choice in the reconstruction of major defects of the abdominal wall. PMID- 6217857 TI - Purification and characterization of Neurospora crassa N-acetyl galactosaminoglycan deacetylase. AB - 1. N-Acetyl galactosaminoglycan deacetylase was purified from Neurospora mycelium 215-fold in 25% yield to electrophoretic homogeneity. A single band corresponding to a molecular weight of 76,000 was obtained by sodium dodecyl sulfate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. 2. The enzyme activity had pH optima at pH 5.0 and 9.0. Sodium molybdate, 2 mM, stimulated enzyme activity 4-fold at pH 5.0 but had no effect at pH 9.0. Cupric ion, 1 mM, inhibited activity by more than 85% at pH 5.0 and 9.0. The Km of the enzymatic reactions was 16 microM on the basis of the concentration of N-acetylgalactosamine. 3. This enzyme may be involved in determining the properties of the hyphal apex of the colonial form of Neurospora crassa and thus could play a role in morphogenetic regulation. PMID- 6217859 TI - Experience with the tensor fasciae latae free flap. AB - Six cases of reconstruction using the tensor fasciae latae myocutaneous free flap are described and in three of these a neuro-sensory flap was used. Four cases involved a lower limb reconstruction, one an upper limb reconstruction and one an abdominal wall reconstruction. Reduction of the bulk of the flap by transection of the muscle between the superior and inferior branches of the vascular pedicle was performed in four cases. One case of partial failure occurred in the lower limb group. PMID- 6217860 TI - The natural history and management of the loin pain/haematuria syndrome. AB - This is a rare, but potentially very troublesome disorder. We have been able to carry out detailed radiological, histological and biochemical investigations on 51 patients and the results of these investigations are presented. Considerable evidence of abnormal platelet activity has been found. The histological evidence has come from both biopsy and nephrectomy specimens and has shown aggressive atherosis leading to microembolic lesions and in some cases showing microaneurysm formation. In some instances this has led to areas of infarction both small and large. Most of the cases studied have been fully followed up and it has been found that despite the histological changes, the blood pressure remains normal and no demonstrable deterioration in renal function occurs. Attempts at treatment are described and discussed. PMID- 6217861 TI - Acne and oral contraceptives. PMID- 6217862 TI - Extrahypothalamic vasopressin is unchanged in Parkinson's disease and Huntington's disease. AB - Vasopressin immunoreactivity was measured post-mortem in the locus coeruleus and substantia nigra of 16 cases of Parkinson's disease and multisystem atrophy, 10 cases of Huntington's chorea and 28 normal controls. Amounts of vasopressin did not differ significantly (P greater than 0.05) between the 3 groups. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated vasopressin within nerve terminals. These data are consistent with an extrinsic vasopressin system in the human locus coeruleus and substantia nigra. PMID- 6217863 TI - [New aspects of antibiotic therapy: enzyme inhibitors]. PMID- 6217864 TI - [Ultradian respiratory rhythms in groups of Sprague-Dawley rats of both sexes]. AB - Spectral analysis of the carbon dioxide emitted in controlled environmental conditions (temperature: 20-21 degrees C; humidity: 50-60%; lighting: 150 lux in LD12-12; background noise: 70 dB), by groups of 14 month old Sprague Dawleys, shows ultradian respiratory rates with periods of a 107-72 minute range for males and 107-45 minute for females. Moreover, VCO2 related to body weight is higher in females than in males. PMID- 6217865 TI - [Sodium dodecyl sulfate, concurrent inhibitor of several dehydrogenases]. AB - The effect of sodium dodecyl sulfate on the activity of highly purified or crystalline enzymes has been studied. The enzymes were: lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), malate dehydrogenase (MDH). isocitrate dehydrogenase (ICDH), glucose-6 phosphate dehydrogenase (G6P-DH), lipase, alkaline phosphatase. Sodium dodecyl sulfate, always under the critical micellar concentration, shows a selective inhibitory effect. A kinetic analysis of the inhibitory action on LDH, MDH, ICDH and G6P-DH was also carried out. PMID- 6217866 TI - [Localization in the gasserian ganglion of axons innervating the common hairs of the mystacial pad in the normal adult rat and in rats dewhiskered at birth]. AB - The neurons which innervate the small common hairs of the mystacial pad are shown to be located in the dorsomedial part of the ganglion of Gasser. In ganglia atrophied as a consequence of early destruction of vibrissae follicles, neurons that innervate these small hairs are still active. PMID- 6217867 TI - [Barrel fields of mutant mice carrying hair and whisker anomalies (mottled, hairless, nude)]. PMID- 6217868 TI - [Effect of nicergoline and dihydroergotamine, injected into the cerebral ventricles, on arterial pressure in the cat]. AB - Nicergoline, injected into the cerebral ventricles of anaesthetized cats induced a moderate, but longlasting and dose-dependent fall of the blood pressure. Dihydroergotamine, in moderate doses, had no effect on the arterial blood pressure. Toxic doses of nicergoline and dihydroergotamine provoked a pronounced fall of the arterial blood pressure and inhibition of the respiration. Bradycardia only appeared after toxic doses of dihydroergotamine. It is concluded that the hypotensive effect of nicergoline is at least in part central in origin. PMID- 6217869 TI - [Detection of collagen by immunofluorescence during development of Xenopus (Xenopus laevis Daud.)]. AB - Appearance of the different collagen types was studied during the clawed toad development from hatching to metamorphosis, using indirect immunofluorescence techniques. Type-like IV collagen of basement membranes was first seen in the notochord streath. Type I, type II were detected at the same time, followed by type III. Developmental sequence and distribution of the four collagen types indicate the different stages of organogenesis. PMID- 6217870 TI - [Corticoliberin neurons in the rat brain]. AB - A new peptidergic paraventriculo-infundibular system has been revealed using anti corticoliberin (CRF) antibodies. The localization of its perikarya in the paraventricular nuclei as well as the distribution of its fibres and perivascular nerve-endings within the median eminence are different from those of other systems stained with antibodies directed against gonadoliberin, somatostatin, vasopressin or oxytocin. PMID- 6217871 TI - [Inhibition of prolactin secretion and androgenic function in the adult male rat]. AB - The effects of bromocriptine induced hypoprolactinemia on the testicular function were studied in adult rats. Bromocriptine treatment (1500 micrograms/day for 24 days) reduced serum and pituitary Prolactin levels, indicating a decrease in prolactin secretion and synthesis. No change in reproductive organ weights was seen in treated animals. Hypoprolactinemia had no effect on plasma testosterone or androstenedione levels and testicular androstenedione content, but decreased significantly testicular testosterone content. These findings indicated that experimental hypoprolactinemia induced a decrease in testicular testosterone content without affecting androgens levels. PMID- 6217872 TI - [Testicular functions in mice bearing an autosomal translocation (T 145H)]. AB - In the mouse, the autosomal reciprocal translocation T (7; 19) 145 H caused complete male sterility. The spermatogenesis was arrested at prophase or early metaphase I stages during the first meiotic division. The exocrine and endocrine testicular functions of azoospermic males (T 145 H/+) were compared with those of normal male littermates (+/+) at 63 days of age. Testis and epididymis weights in T 145 H/+ were significantly lower than those in +/+. By histological examination, the interstitial cells appeared preponderant but this was probably illusory due to the decrease in seminiferous tubular size and diminished testicular size. Moreover, androgen activity in T 145 H/+ seemed normal judging by weights of androgen target tissues (prostate, seminal vesicles), and plasma testosterone level. PMID- 6217873 TI - [Binding of testosterone to plasma proteins in the viviparous male lizard]. AB - Testosterone binding to plasma proteins has been analyzed in the viviparous lizard by electrophoresis at steady state conditions and by equilibrium dialysis. Two binding systems are involved. The first system (S1) binds estradiol and testosterone, it is Sex Binding Protein like. The second one binds testosterone and dihydrotestosterone; the mains competitors are C21 steroids: progesterone and cortisone; estradiol doesn't perturb the equilibrium; this system is Corticosteroid Binding Globulin like. Androstenedione doesn't seem to be bound by these two systems. The high affinity (KA 4 degrees C = 1.28 X 10(8) M-1) and the high capacity (N = 1,18 X 10(-5) mole/litre) suggest that it is the second system that supports the main transport, buffer, reservoir role in the blood of viviparous lizard. PMID- 6217874 TI - [Toxicity and certain physiopathologic effects of 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid, an organo-chlorine herbicide, in the adult domestic quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica)]. AB - The effects of 2,4,5-T on adult japanese quail have been studied. The herbicide was administered daily in oral dosages at level of 100 mg/kg per day for two weeks (five days a week). In these experimental conditions, this compound was moderately toxic, the rate of mortality was low. However, we noticed a significant reduction in food consumption, body weight and egg production. The physiological disturbances resulting from the toxicological treatment are reversible. PMID- 6217875 TI - [Increase in conjugated catecholamines during pregnancy]. PMID- 6217876 TI - [Platelets, lysosomal enzymes and anaphylactic shock in the rat]. AB - 1. Rat serum levels in beta-glucuronidase and beta-galactosidase are higher than plasma levels. Rat platelets release these lysosomial enzymes during blood coagulation in vitro. 2. After anaphylactic shock, in the sensitized rat, there is no increase in beta-galactosidase and beta-glucuronidase plasma levels. The tissues of the sensitized rat do not release these enzymes during the antigen antibody reaction. The blood platelet level is diminished after anaphylactic shock and the serum levels of the lysosomial enzymes are decreased. 3. In thrombopenic rat, anaphylactic shock is identical as in control animals. Rat platelets do not play a significant role in the anaphylactic shock. PMID- 6217877 TI - [Inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis by (phenylthio-4 phenylamino)-2 nicotinic acids]. AB - In the rat, (phenylthio-4 phenylamino)-2 nicotinic and [(chloro-4 phenylthio)-4 phenylamino]-2 nicotinic acids inhibit the hypotensive prostaglandin-mediated action of arachidonic acid. They inhibit also the formation from arachidonic acid, of prostaglandin-like substances by chopped rat lungs and of malonaldehyde by rat platelets. They are prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors, three to ten times less active as indomethacin. PMID- 6217879 TI - [Immunocytochemical study of the development of pepsinogens in the chick embryo]. AB - The appearance and localization of pepsinogens in the chicken proventriculus during the normal development were studied immunocytochemically with use of the antibodies against an embryo-specific and an adult-specific chicken pepsinogens. The embryonic pepsinogen exists mainly in the apical part of the gland cells and in the secreted substances of 10-20 day embryonic proventriculus. The adult pepsinogen appears during hatching, and all gland cells become positive mainly at the basal portion one day after hatching. PMID- 6217878 TI - [Clastogenic effects of zinc in mammals]. AB - The eventual clastogenic properties of zinc chloride have been assessed as well in vitro as in vivo studies on mammalian somatic cells. For this purpose, human peripheral lymphocytes were treated in 48 or 72 hours cultures with 0, 20 or 200 micrograms zinc chloride, whereas C57Bl mice have received during one month a normal or poor calcium diet in combination or not with 0.5 g % of zinc. Chromosome analysis of treated human lymphocytes and of bone marrow cells of mice fed a poor dietary calcium supplemented with zinc has shown a significant increase in structural chromosome aberrations. PMID- 6217880 TI - [Electron microscopic study of in vitro differentiation of the small intestinal endoderm in young bird embryo in the presence or absence of mesenchyme]. AB - Electron microscopical studies demonstrated that the small intestinal endoderm of young avian embryos cultures in vitro in the presence or absence of mesenchyme can differentiate into an absorptive epithelium with the brush border, and that, in the absence of mesenchyme the brush border develops much earlier than in the presence of mesenchyme, but goblet cells do not appear and morphogenesis of villi does not occur. These results show that the intestinal mesenchyme controls the endodermal differentiation, though the undifferentiated endoderm possesses self differentiation potency. PMID- 6217881 TI - [Experiences with gynecological peritoneoscopy in 340 cases]. PMID- 6217882 TI - [A self-made uroflowmeter for measuring urine flow]. PMID- 6217883 TI - Involvement of free radicals in the pathophysiology of ischemic heart disease. PMID- 6217884 TI - Altered leukocyte lysosome stability in patients with sepsis. PMID- 6217885 TI - Long-term management of arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia. PMID- 6217886 TI - Metastatic colorectal carcinoma. A prospective randomized trial of Methyl-CCNU, 5 Fluorouracil (5-FU) and vincristine (MOF) versus MOF plus streptozotocin (MOF Strep). AB - A prospective randomized trial evaluated semustine (Methyl CCNU) 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) and vincristine (MOF) versus MOF plus streptozotocin (MOF-Strep) in 75 patients with advanced, measurable colorectal carcinoma. The complete and partial remission rate with MOF-Strep was significantly better, 34 versus 5% with MOF (P = 0.003). Gastrointestinal toxicity was increased with the addition of streptozotocin. Initial patient characteristics such as age, sex, performance status, time from diagnosis to metastatic disease, site of metastatic disease, and most initial laboratory values were not predictive of response. However, certain initial laboratory values (lactic dehydrogenace and leukocyte count) and one tumor site pulmonary metastases did influence survival regardless of response. PMID- 6217887 TI - Hormone dependency of carcinoma of the human endometrium. Effect of progesterone on glycogen metabolism in the carcinoma tissue. AB - The glycogen content and glycogen synthetase and glycogen phosphorylase levels were studied in tissues of endometrial carcinoma obtained from 30 patients (27 postmenopausal and three premenopausal) before and after administration of progestogen, and the values were compared with those obtained previously from normal endometrial tissue of premenopausal patients. After the patients had undergone an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), the progestogen Lyndiol (lynestrenol, 5.0 mg, and mestranol, 0.15 mg) was administered daily for seven days. In 15 cases of well differentiated carcinoma the glycogen content after the progestogen administration, accompanied by a corresponding increase in the glycogen synthetase enzyme levels, was significantly higher (P less than 0.005) than that in the initial tissue, whereas in the other 15 cases of less differentiated carcinoma no change was observed. This finding that hormonal stimulus in well differentiated carcinoma leads to a similar effect on glycogen metabolism as in normal endometrium of the proliferative phase of the menstrual cycle, supports the possibility of progestogen therapy for human endometrial cancer. PMID- 6217888 TI - Association of depressed mixed lymphocyte reactivity with the development of bladder carcinoma in patients with papillomas. AB - Patients with bladder papillomas have an excellent overall prognosis, although approximately 10% of such patients develop frank bladder cancer. It is therefore important to devise methods for subclassifying bladder papillomas in an attempt to identify those patients at high risk for progression to carcinoma. The lymphoproliferative responses in 27 patients with bladder papillomas were tested in the mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR). Patient responses were compared to those of normal individuals tested simultaneously. A relative proliferation index (RPI) was defined as a percent response relative to the mean normal response. A RPI less than 0.5 was defined as a depressed MLR and greater than 0.5 as a normal MLR. All patients were followed at three-month intervals for at least five years for the development of superficial or invasive bladder carcinoma. Of the 27 patients, 12 had a depressed MLR and 10/12 (83%) developed cancer within five years. Of the 15 patients with a normal MLR, only three developed bladder carcinoma. The number of papilloma patients surviving free of bladder carcinoma at five years was 12/15 (80%) with a normal MLR and 2/12 (17%) with a depressed MLR (P less than 0.01). Measurement of the MLR appeared to offer a useful adjunct in the evaluation of staging and biologic potential of bladder papilloma. PMID- 6217889 TI - Influence of hormones on N-(4-hydroxyphenyl) retinamide inhibition of 7,12 dimethylbenz[alpha]anthracene transformation of mammary cells in organ culture. AB - Influence of estrogen and progesterone on the inhibitory action of N-(4 hydroxyphenyl) retinamide (4-HPR) was examined during the promotional stage of 7,12-dimethylbenz[alpha]anthracene (DMBA) transformation of the epithelial cells in culture of the whole mammary organs of BALB/c mice. In medium containing insulin, prolactin, hydrocortisone, and aldosterone, 4-HPR caused 68% inhibition of transformation as determined by the presence of nodule-like alveolar structures in the glands exposed to DMBA in vitro. Addition of estrogen and progesterone to the medium reduced this pronounced inhibitory action of 4-HPR to only 15%. While the medium containing insulin, prolactin, growth hormone, estrogen and progesterone was highly conducive to DMBA transformation, 4-HPR inhibition of transformation was limited to only 21%. The antagonistic action of the ovarian steroid hormones was present also at the level of frequency of nodule like alveolar lesions (NLAL) per gland. Although both ovarian hormones reduced the inhibitory action of 4-HPR, on mammary cell transformation, the antagonistic action of estrogen was noticeably more pronounced. PMID- 6217890 TI - Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty: analysis of unsuccessful procedures as a guide toward improved results. AB - Technical success in percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) is a function of patient selection, operator experience, and the capabilities of the angioplasty equipment employed. When unsuccessful PTCA occurs, it is the result of one of several factors: (1) a failure to cross the stenosis; (2) a failure to dilate the stenosis; (3) an ischemic complication; or (4) a late recurrence of the anginal syndrome. In this paper, we discuss the relative frequency of these types of failure, and the ways in which improvements in technique and/or equipment may be employed to improve the chance of a successful procedure. PMID- 6217891 TI - Percutaneous transluminal coronary artery recanalization in evolving myocardial infarction. AB - A brief description of recanalization of the thrombotic coronary artery is provided, including the historical background and our own first experience of recanalization during the event of an acute catheter complication. Mechanical recanalization of occluded coronary arteries as initially performed by us is described. The subsequent use of intracoronary infusion of streptokinase is also detailed. An account is given of the angiographic and clinical results in a study of 59 patients. We then consider the encountered and potential complications of percutaneous transluminal coronary artery recanalization (PTCR) based on a study of 232 acute infarction patients treated in four different centers. A discussion of the potential benefits of the intervention is provided, including lower mortality in a patient subgroup that underwent successful recanalization, as well as improved left ventricular function as seen angiographically in successfully recanalized patients. Use of intracoronary thallium injections before and after recanalization is discussed. It is stated that precise delineation of efforts will require randomized control trials. Finally, we provide some suggestions as to the potential follow-up treatment and future development of the technique. PMID- 6217892 TI - A survey of contrast media used in coronary angiography. AB - In recent years, various contrast media have been developed for use in coronary angiography. These contrast media may be divided into ionic contrast media of high osmolality, those of low osmolality, and nonionic contrast materials. We conducted our own clinical studies with 40 patients. In random succession a standard contrast medium (ionic, of high osmolality) and a new-generation contrast medium (either nonionic or ionic with low osmolality) were injected into the right and left coronary arteries. After each injection we measured the systolic and diastolic blood pressure using a liquid-filled coronary catheter. In addition, the change in the length of the cardiac cycle was registered in terms of the R-R interval (in ms) and at the same time, leads I, II, and III of the ECG were recorded. We studied the influence of the various contrast media on the activity of ATPase in in vitro experiments, using Lasser and Lang's [30]. When ionic contrast media of low osmolality and nonionic contrast media were utilized the heart rate showed no change. Disturbances of rhythm such as ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation were not observed. All of the contrast media used produced the same ECG changes. These changes can be ascribed to the inhibition of ATPase. The arterial blood pressure was lowered significantly only by ionic contrast media of high osmolality only. PMID- 6217893 TI - Changes in the collagen of rat heart in copper-deficiency-induced cardiac hypertrophy. AB - Groups of rats were maintained from weaning on copper-supplemented or copper deficient diets. After 2, 4, 6, 8 or 12 weeks animals were killed, their hearts were removed and the solubility and phenotype composition of the collagen of the hearts was studied. In the hearts from the copper-supplemented animals 35 to 45% of the collagen could be extracted after two treatments with pepsin but up to 74% could be extracted from the hypertrophied copper-deficient hearts. Almost all of the increase in the soluble material was found in the first pepsin extract. Electrophoretic analysis of the extracts showed that in the copper-supplemented hearts the ratio of Type III/Type I collagen increased about threefold between 2 and 6 weeks after weaning but by 8 weeks it had returned to about the level found at 2 weeks and was maintained at this level to the end of the experimental period. In the copper-deficient hearts the ratio of Type III/Type I collagen had increased about fivefold by 6 weeks after weaning and from 8 weeks to the end of the experimental period it remained at two to three times the value found in the copper-supplemented hearts. There was an indication that the relative proportion of Type V collagen was reduced in the copper-deficient hearts. The possible significance of these results in relation to the known pathological effects of copper deficiency on the cardiovascular system is discussed. PMID- 6217895 TI - Transluminal coronary angioplasty of the right coronary artery brachial cutdown approach. AB - Transluminal coronary angioplasty (TCA) of the right coronary artery (RCA) was performed by brachial cut-down approach in 33 patients during a period of 16 months. Flexible-tip guiding catheters were used in all cases. TCA was successful in 27 of 33 patients (81%). The stenosis was reduced in successful cases from a mean of 89% predilatation to 26% postdilatation (P less than 0.001). The systolic pressure gradient across the lesion was reduced from a mean of 49 mm Hg to 4 mm Hg (P less than 0.001). Following successful TCA, patients experienced marked improvement in clinical status, functional capacity, and relief of angina. The complication rate in this study was low. There was no early or late mortality. The most common complication was dissection of the coronary artery occurring in four cases (12%). One patient sustained an acute inferior myocardial infarction. Only one patient required emergency coronary artery bypass surgery. The late follow-up (mean 6 months) angiography was obtained in 17 patients. The stenosis recurred in late follow-up in three cases (18%). Our initial experience revealed that the use of softer guiding catheters by brachial technique offers more selective approach for TCA of RCA lesions and provides better results than percutaneous femoral approach with fixed-tip catheters. Our success rate of 81% for dilatation of RCA is significantly higher than previously reported. PMID- 6217894 TI - Opsin-immunoreactive outer segments and acetylcholinesterase-positive neurons in the pineal complex of Phoxinus phoxinus (Teleostei, Cyprinidae). PMID- 6217896 TI - Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of an anomalous left circumflex coronary artery arising from the right sinus of Valsalva. AB - This case report describes a patient with isolated stenosis of an anomalous circumflex artery with evidence of left ventricular lateral wall ischaemia. Percutaneous dilatation of this vessel was successfully performed and was facilitated by removing the tip of a standard guiding catheter permitting selective cannulation of the anomalous ostium. Similar innovations in the standard angioplasty technique may permit its application in other unusual anatomical situations. PMID- 6217897 TI - Rethinking mitosis. PMID- 6217898 TI - Promoter occlusion: transcription through a promoter may inhibit its activity. AB - Induction of prophage lambda inhibits the expression of the gal operon from its cognate promoters. The effect is observed only in cis, and is due to frequent transcription of the gal promoter region by RNA polymerase molecules initiating upstream at the prophage PL promoter. The frequency of transcription initiation at PL is some 30 times greater than that at the gal promoter, Pg1. PL is one of the strongest procaryotic promoters. This "promoter occlusion" is essentially complete when the distance between gal and PL is small (less than or equal to 10 kb); and when PL is fully active (that is, in the absence of the cl or cro repressors). We discuss the possibility that promoter occlusion at two lambda promoters, Pint and PR', might play a role in the sequential expression of viral functions. PMID- 6217899 TI - Selective protection of murine thymic helper T cells from glucocorticosteroid inhibition by macrophage-derived mediators. PMID- 6217900 TI - Autologous or syngeneic mixed lymphocyte reaction in bone marrow and thymic chimera mice. PMID- 6217901 TI - Characterization of fibroblast proliferation factors elaborated by antigen- and mitogen-stimulated guinea pig lymph node cells: differentiation from lymphocyte derived chemotactic factor for fibroblasts, lymphocyte mitogenic factor, and interleukin 1. PMID- 6217902 TI - Mechanism of effector cell blockade. III. The increased sensitivity of neonatal PFC to effector cell blockade. PMID- 6217903 TI - Aging of the erythrocyte. XX. Decreased red cell life span in Down's syndrome. PMID- 6217904 TI - The effects of halothane on the DNase I activity in an isolated enzyme preparation and in the DNase I-G actin complex. AB - The effects of halothane on the DNase I activity in an isolated enzyme preparation and in a DNase I-globular (G) actin complex was investigated. DNase I, DNase I-G actin complexes and G actin were exposed to various (0.2-4.0 vol./%) halothane concentrations for 3 h. Thereafter, DNase I was mixed with a DNA solution and the extinction of the acid soluble supernatant of the DNase I assay was determined as a measure of DNase I activity. After 10 min of halothane exposure the DNase I activity is inhibited in direct proportion to halothane concentrations between 0.6 and 4.0 vol/%. After 10 min halothane activates inactive DNase I by inhibiting G actin, an inhibitor of DNase I. G actin, exposed to halothane, does not inhibit the activity of DNase I. The results suggest a mechanism by which halothane may contribute to chromosomal defects and disturbances of DNA metabolism in cells. PMID- 6217905 TI - [Hemoglobin Beijing [alpha 16 (A14) Lys leads to Asn]: a new fast moving hemoglobin variant]. PMID- 6217906 TI - [Studies on thymic peptide factors. I. Isolation, purification and in vitro E rosette augmentation activity of calf thymic peptide factors]. PMID- 6217907 TI - [Pancreato-duodenectomy: experiences, lessons and improvements]. PMID- 6217908 TI - [An analysis of x-ray findings of 10 cases of osteitis deformans]. PMID- 6217909 TI - [Clinical evaluation of Biltricide (praziquantel) in cysticercosis cellulosae]. PMID- 6217910 TI - [Factors determining the formation of nitroso compounds in moldy cornbread]. PMID- 6217911 TI - [System model of Plasmodium yoelii--Anopheles stephensi for screening tissue schizontocides]. PMID- 6217912 TI - [The effects of hemicholinum-3 and naloxone on the pressor response caused by central vagal stimulation]. PMID- 6217913 TI - [Synthesis of a diagnostic drug for evaluating pancreatic exocrine function]. PMID- 6217914 TI - [Clinical efficacy of extracts of Radix Teichosanthis and Wikstroemia chamaedaphne Meisn on mid-term labor induction--analysis of 248 cases]. PMID- 6217915 TI - [Clinical application of epidural morphine]. PMID- 6217916 TI - [Antihypertensive efficacy of atenolol]. PMID- 6217917 TI - [The expectorant effect of anisodamine (654)]. PMID- 6217918 TI - Sex-dependent promoting effect of polychlorinated biphenyls on enzyme-altered islands induced by diethylnitrosamine in rat liver. AB - The promoting effect of Clophen A 50, a commercial mixture of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) on preneoplastic islands, initiated by diethylnitrosamine (DEN), was studied in male and female Sprague-Dawley rats. The islands were identified histochemically by loss of adenosine-5'-triphosphatase (ATPase) and/or emergence of gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGTase). Treatment with 12 X 8 mg DEN/kg body wt./day initiated a similar number and total area of islands in males and females. Additional weekly application of Clophen A 50 (50 or 100 mg/kg body wt./week, for 7 weeks) enhanced the number of ATPase-deficient islands 3-fold in males and 9-fold in females. The total area was increased 4-fold in males and 15 fold in females. Number and area of GGTase-positive islands were similarly enhanced. The emergence of a small number of islands after application of Clophen A 50 alone may indicate a weak carcinogenic potency. PCB treatment caused an increase in liver weight, which amounted to approximately 55% in males and 20% in females compared to controls. This increase is partly due to cell hypertrophy, as indicated by determination of cell size. The mitogenic activity of Clophen A 50 was evaluated by measurement of the mitotic index of unaltered hepatocytes at 24, 48 h, and 7 days after application of a single dose (100/mg/kg body wt.) of Clophen A 50. The mitotic index in control animals of both sexes was approximately 0.3%, and was enhanced approximately 8-fold in males, 24 h after PCB treatment. In females only a slight, non-significant increase was observed. The results indicate that the sex-dependent promoting effect of Clophen A 50 is independent from its mitogenic action. PMID- 6217919 TI - Inhibition of mammary and urinary bladder carcinogenesis by a retinoid and a maleic anhydride-divinyl ether copolymer (MVE-2). AB - N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)retinamide (4-HPR), a synthetic retinoid, and MVE-2, a maleic anhydride-divinyl ether copolymer, were both effective inhibitors of mammary carcinogenesis induced in Sprague-Dawley rats by N-methyl-N-nitrosourea and of urinary bladder carcinogenesis induced in C57BL/6 x DBA/2F1 mice by N-butyl-N-(4 hydroxybutyl)-nitrosamine. However, combined administration of 4-HPR and MVE-2 was no more effective in cancer inhibition than was either agent alone. Retinoids and maleic anhydridedivinyl ethers may exhibit a mechanistic or metabolic antagonism which precludes an additive or synergistic interaction in inhibiting chemical carcinogenesis. PMID- 6217920 TI - Does length or eccentricity of coronary stenoses influence the outcome of transluminal dilatation? AB - In 526 patients undergoing a first percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) of a single native vessel, we studied the influence of length and eccentricity of the lesion on complications and primary success. Long stenoses (greater than or equal to 5 mm, n = 153) did not differ from short stenoses (less than or equal to 4 mm, n = 265) in terms of overall complications or gain in lumen diameter and distal pressure. Eccentric stenoses (n = 155) showed a lower rate of primary success than concentric stenoses (n = 338) (80% vs 89%, p less than 0.05). Inability to cross the stenosis was the main reason for failure. Stenoses that were long and eccentric (n = 51) had the highest incidence of complications (24%) and stenoses that were short and concentric (n = 177) the lowest (12%, p less than 0.05). However, the average outcome expressed by gain in lumen diameter and distal pressure was equal in both groups and is obviously more dependent on technical factors than on anatomy. Nevertheless, length and, particularly, eccentricity of a lesion constitute risk factors for PTCA. They may be overcome by technical skill and sophisticated equipment, such as steerable catheters. PMID- 6217921 TI - Platelet tests and antiplatelet drugs in coronary artery disease. AB - This study was designed to clarify discrepancies in the literature concerning platelet survival time and beta-thromboglobulin (beta TG) levels in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and the effect of platelet-suppressant drugs on these tests. Platelet survival time and plasma beta TG levels were determined in 48 patients with angiographically documented CAD. The effect of sulfinpyrazone or aspirin/dipyridamole on these measurements was investigated in a double-blind, crossover trial that included a placebo phase. In patients with CAD, the mean plasma beta TG concentration was significantly elevated, but the mean platelet survival time was not significantly different from that in controls. Treatment with sulfinpyrazone or aspirin/dipyridamole did not produce changes in platelet survival time or plasma beta TG concentration that were significantly different from the values during the placebo phase. This study demonstrates that compared with the spontaneous variation in platelet survival time or beta TG concentration, there was no measureable effect of sulfinpyrazone or aspirin/dipyridamole on the results of the tests. PMID- 6217922 TI - Angioplasty after thrombolysis. PMID- 6217923 TI - A comparative study of steroid concentrations in human adipose tissue and the peripheral circulation. AB - Using radioimmunological methods, levels of cortisol, dehydroepiandrosterone, androstenedione, testosterone, oestrogens (oestradiol + oestrone), progesterone and 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone were determined in adipose tissue and peripheral blood obtained during surgical treatment of patients with non-endocrine diseases. The steroid content of human adipose tissue was observed to be extremely high relative to that in the general circulation, giving a tissue/serum ratio of 0.4 to 13.2. The concentration of steroids decreased in the following order: dehydroepiandrosterone greater than cortisol greater than androstenedione greater than progesterone greater than testosterone greater than 17 alpha hydroxyprogesterone greater than oestradiol + oestrone. This sequence is different from that found in blood. When anthropometric variables were taken into consideration, the adipose tissue mass of severely obese subjects contained a steroid pool far greater than that in the total blood volume. PMID- 6217924 TI - Quantitative alterations of steroid urinary profiles associated with diabetes mellitus. AB - Capillary gas chromatography was used for the acquisition of quantitative metabolic profiles of urinary steroids from normal subjects and diabetic patients. Structures of 70 steroid metabolites have been assigned tentatively through mass spectrometry. Quantitative differences between the groups of normal and pathological samples (both males and females) are seen primarily for androsterone, etiocholanolone, dehydroepiandrosterone, 11-oxygenated 17 ketosteroids, corticosteroid metabolites, and a newly discovered metabolite, recently identified as a C26 pentol. The only significant difference between two different age groups of normal males was shown by androsterone. PMID- 6217925 TI - Erythrocyte adenosine deaminase, purine nucleoside phosphorylase and phosphoribosyltransferase activity in patients with Down's syndrome. AB - The erythrocyte adenosine deaminase, nucleoside phosphorylase, hypoxanthineguanine phosphoribosyltransferase and adenine phosphoribosyltransferase activities and plasma urate concentrations were measured in 20 cases of Down's syndrome and in 20 age- and sex-matched control subjects. The mean erythrocyte adenosine deaminase and adenine phosphoribosyltransferase activities and plasma urate concentrations were significantly higher in Down's syndrome subjects than in controls (p less than 0.001, p less than 0.01 and p less than 0.001, respectively). In all subjects studied there was a positive correlation between the erythrocyte adenosine deaminase activity and plasma urate concentration (r = 0.488, p less than 0.005). The concentrations of the erythrocyte adenine nucleotides, AMP, ADP and ATP, did not differ in Down's syndrome (n = 10) from those of control subjects (n = 10). The results suggest that the increase of plasma urate concentrations is a consequence of the increase in adenosine deaminase activity in Down's syndrome patients. PMID- 6217926 TI - [Secondary diabetes in childhood]. PMID- 6217927 TI - Platelet abnormalities in Down's syndrome. PMID- 6217928 TI - Copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (SOD-1) activity in regular trisomy 21, trisomy 21 by translocation and mosaic trisomy 21. PMID- 6217929 TI - Impaired degradation of chondroitin sulfate in GM2-gangliosidosis. AB - We have prepared a new radiolabeled substrate, derived from chondroitin 6-sulfate oligosaccharide, for the assaying of chondroitin sulfate degradation by beta-N acetylgalactosaminidase. Using this substrate, we found a striking deficiency of beta-N-acetylgalactosaminidase activity in the cultured skin fibroblasts of patients with Sandhoff disease and Tay-Sachs disease. DEAE-cellulose chromatography at pH 6.0 revealed that both isoenzymes A and B of beta-N acetylgalactosaminidases from normal human liver participated in the catabolism of chondroitin 6-sulfate. However, there were major differences in substrate specificity between isoenzyme A and isoenzyme B. PMID- 6217930 TI - The prevalence of chromosome abnormalities among mentally retarded persons in a geographically delimited area of Denmark. AB - A cytogenetic survey of an unselected group of mentally retarded persons in a geographically limited area was made in order to establish the frequency of chromosome abnormalities within this group. In the area there were 2,157 patients, both institutionalized and living at home. A chromosome analysis was performed in 1905 cases; 359 (18.8%) of these had a chromosome anomaly: 281 (14.7%) Down's syndrome, 45 (2.4%) autosomal anomaly other than Down's, and 33 (1.8%) sex chromosome anomaly. The frequency of chromosome aberrations in relation to the whole group was higher compared with similar surveys, which leads to the conclusion that the total number of mentally retarded persons living within a limited area is determined by many factors. This means that a comparison between frequencies of abnormal chromosomes in an unselected group of mentally retarded persons is only relevant when related to the whole population living in the investigation area. PMID- 6217931 TI - The treatment of acne with an anti-androgen/oestrogen combination. PMID- 6217932 TI - Familial progressive systemic sclerosis (scleroderma): immunological analysis of two patients and six siblings from a single kindred. PMID- 6217933 TI - Recovery of humoral and cellular immunity by soluble mediators after 5 fluorouracil-induced immunosuppression. AB - 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) administered in daily injections to mice (15-60 mg/kg; subcutaneous) was differentially toxic to helper T cells. Precursors for both antibody forming cells and cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) were spared. 5-FU suppressed the in vitro T cell-dependent antibody response to sheep red blood cells (SRBC). This low response was restored to normal levels by the addition of T cell replacing factor (TRF) or mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC) supernatants to the culture system. T cell-independent antibody responses to TNP-Ficoll or TNP LPS were not eliminated by 5-FU but, in contrast, were elevated two-four-fold. These results indicate that precursors for antibody forming cells for T cell dependent and -independent antibody responses were not eliminated by 5-FU, 5-FU administered in the same regimen did not reduce the number of CTL precursors as shown by limiting dilution analysis, but did cause a reduction in the capacity of lymphocytes from pre-treated mice to generate a CTL response in vitro. This low CTL response was restored to control levels by adding Lyt 1+2- T cells or sources of interleukin 2 (IL2) to the culture system, indicating that 5-FU similarly eliminated helper cells for CTL precursor differentiation as well as helper cells for antibody synthesis. PMID- 6217934 TI - Reduced T lymphocyte colonies in B chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. III. Evidence of a proliferative abnormality of the T helper cell population. AB - The functional capacity of T and T mu (helper) cells from six untreated cases of B cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (B-CLL) was assessed in a double layer T colony forming assay. T lymphocytes from B-CLL originated few T colonies compared with normal T cells (35 +/- 25.9 vs 118 +/- 33.7). After enrichment of the T mu cells, colony growth in B-CLL was still reduced compared with the same cell fraction from normal controls (55 +/- 28.6 vs 90 +/- 35.6). When analysed independently, the three B-CLL cases with the lowest colony forming capacity, after enrichment of the T mu cells showed only a slight increase in growth, still well below the normal range. The two cases with normal or near normal colony growth, gave rise to similar results after T mu enrichment, indicating that, as in normal blood, B-CLL residual T colony formation is a property of the T mu cell population. In only one case was a significant increase and a normalization of the colony growth observed. It is suggested that the functional abnormality of T lymphocytes frequently observed in B-CLL patients, is not due only to the marked imbalance in T cell subsets, with a significant increase in T suppressor/cytotoxic cells and a reduction in T helper/inducer cells, but in many cases to an intrinsic defect of the T mu (helper/inducer) cell population. PMID- 6217935 TI - The regulation of T cell responses by spontaneously active suppressor cells. AB - In studying T cell regulation, peripheral blood mononuclear cells from normal subjects were examined for 'spontaneous', rather than mitogen-induced, suppressor cell activity. Normal blood leucocytes from 30 subjects included a subpopulation of cells capable of suppressing the response of lymphocytes to the T cell mitogen phytohaemagglutinin by 21-35%. The indicator system for these studies consisted of fresh normal lymphocytes stimulated by three concentrations of PHA in the presence or absence of normal but mitomycin C treated peripheral blood lymphocytes. To measure accurately the spontaneous suppressor cell activity, additional cultures were needed to control for the suppressive effects of crowding and metabolic competition. Allogeneic, cryopreserved 'B' cell enriched populations, supplied satisfactory control cells for this purpose. While allogeneic culture systems could induce significant suppressor cell activity after 7 days of co-culture, they could not induce this activity in the 3 days required to assay spontaneous suppressor cell effects. In developing this assay we noted that (a) crowding became a factor in the cellular response to mitogens with concentrations higher than 2 X 10(4) cells/well, (b) spontaneous suppressor cell activity decreased rapidly once cells were placed in culture and (c) both spontaneous and concanavalin A (Con A) activated suppressor cells could significantly reduce the response to PHA even when added to cultures established with mitogens 72 hr earlier. The ability to measure spontaneous suppressor cell activity in vitro will allow more physiological studies of the membrane markers and functional characteristics of these cells than is possible in conventional studies utilizing Con A. In addition, this assay allows the detection of enhanced in vivo activity of suppressor cells not easily detected in assays relying on mitogen induction of suppression. Such increased activity is thought to be an important factor in the pathogenesis of a number of human diseases. PMID- 6217937 TI - Age-related decrease in frequencies of B-cell precursors and specific helper T cells involved in the IgG anti-tetanus toxoid antibody production in humans. PMID- 6217936 TI - In vitro mixed skin cell lymphocyte culture reaction (MSLR) in man: analysis of the epidermal cell and T cell subpopulations. AB - The nature of normal human epidermal cells (EC) and peripheral blood (PB) cells that react in vitro in allogeneic mixed skin cell lymphocyte culture reaction (MSLR) was investigated using monoclonal antibodies (MCAB) specific for cell subpopulations. T cells and helper-inducer and suppressor-cytotoxic T cell subsets were defined by OKT3, OKT4, OKT8 MCAB, respectively, whereas, among EC, Langerhans cells were characterized by reactivity with OKT6 or anti-HLA-DR MCAB. MSLR were conducted with untreated cell suspensions as controls and cells suspensions depleted of various functionally active cell subset(s). Two approaches were used for cell depletion: (1) complement (C')-mediated lysis by MCAB of T cells, T cell subsets, HLA-DR or OKT6 positive cells; (2) panning of PB cells or EC after pre-incubation with the appropriate MCAB to deplete or enrich (OKT6) cell suspensions with the respective cell subset. Responses in MSLR were abolished after treatment of PB cells with OKT3 + C' or OKT4 + C', significantly reduced with OKT8 + C'; they were abolished after incubation of EC with anti-HLA DR + C' and significantly reduced with OKT6 + C'. After panning, OKT3 and OKT4 depleted populations did not proliferate in MSLR while OKT8 depleted populations respond as controls. OKT6 depleted EC were not able to stimulate PB cells, yet proliferation rates were increased after stimulation by OKT6 enriched EC. Data show that helper-inducer T cells (OKT3+; OKT4+) play the major role in MSLR and that the presence of Langerhans cells is necessary for the stimulation of PB cells. They also suggest that co-operation between helper and suppressor cells is necessary for an optimal response. Differences in results using either OKT6 or anti-HLA-Dr-C'-mediated treatment of EC may be related to differences in the cellular expression of these markers by EC. PMID- 6217938 TI - The correlation between inducer/suppressor ratios, generation of concanavalin A activated suppressor cells, and mitogen-stimulated proliferation of peripheral blood lymphocytes in patients with alopecia areata and normal controls. PMID- 6217939 TI - Contrasting effects of prostaglandin E2 and indomethacin in modulating Con A induced human lymphocyte proliferation and suppressor cell development. PMID- 6217940 TI - Monoclonal antibody characterization of plasmacytoma cells associated with T lymphocytes with a suppressor phenotype. PMID- 6217941 TI - Reassessment of electrovectorcardiographic signs of left atrial enlargement. AB - Echocardiographic left atrial size was correlated with 27 electrovectorcardiographic parameters in 93 subjects. In 20 of them hemodynamic studies, including calculation of the left atrial volume, were performed. Subjects were divided into four groups as follows: Group I, 21 healthy subjects; group II, 45 patients with heart disease but no left atrial enlargement; group III, 15 patients with heart disease and left atrial size from 4.1 to 5 cm; and group IV, 12 patients with heart disease and a left atrial size exceeding 5 cm. A good correlation was found between left atrial size and the following parameters: Duration of P wave in standard lead II, voltage of both terminal forces of P wave in lead V1 and its maximal vector in the frontal and sagittal planes. A new index (duration/voltage of P wave in lead II) was postulated, which showed an excellent correlation with left atrial size (p less than 0.001). In all cases the superposition between groups was excessive. These findings indicate the limitations of the classical patterns and raise interest in new parameters concerning the electrocardiographic diagnosis of left atrial enlargement. PMID- 6217942 TI - Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty: a review. PMID- 6217943 TI - [Mezlocillin in the therapy of infections in renal insufficiency]. PMID- 6217944 TI - [D(-)penicillamine: pharmacology and clinical uses]. PMID- 6217945 TI - A survey of handicap registers for pre-school children in England and Wales. PMID- 6217946 TI - Glycolytic enzyme activities in liver, heart and gastrocnemius of Sprague-Dawley and Wistar rats: effect of high sucrose diet. AB - 1. Pyruvate kinase, phosphofructokinase, and glucophosphate isomerase activities were measured in liver, heart and gastrocnemius of Wistar and Sprague-Dawley rats. 2. Enzyme activities were significantly lower in tissues of Wistar rats except for pyruvate kinase in gastrocnemius. 3. Sensitivities of pyruvate kinase and phosphofructokinase to inhibition by alanine and citrate differed in these two strains except for pyruvate kinase in gastrocnemius. 4. Phosphofructokinase sensitivity to citrate was greater in the three Wistar tissues. 5. Activities of liver enzymes were more responsive to a high sucrose diet in Wistar rats. 6. Heart pyruvate kinase and phosphofructokinase exhibited modest increases in activity with a high sucrose diet. PMID- 6217947 TI - Lactate dehydrogenase from the abdomen and heart muscle of the crayfish Orconectes limosus. PMID- 6217948 TI - Sexuality, fertility and contraception in disability. AB - In this review the authors describe ways in which particular disabilities may affect sexual performance, fertility, menstruation and pregnancy. The special contraceptive needs of people with various physical and mental disabilities are discussed, with each method of contraception being discussed together with its indications for use by people with various disabilities. The authors conclude that if family planning services are to be improved for people with disabilities, those providing the services must increase their awareness and acceptance of sexuality in disabled people. PMID- 6217949 TI - A therapeutic comparison of ipratropium bromide and salbutamol in asthmatic patients. AB - A single-blind, crossover study was carried out in 43 asthmatic patients to compare the efficacy and tolerance of inhaled ipratropium bromide with inhaled salbutamol. One or other drug was given 3-times daily (0.04 mg ipratropium bromide or 0.2 mg salbutamol per dose) over a period of 4 weeks. Patients were then crossed over to the alternative medication for a further 4 weeks. The results of lung function tests performed at routine clinic visits and by the patients at home showed similar increases in peak flow and spirometry recordings, although more patients expressed a preference for salbutamol. Unwanted effects were minor with both drugs. It is suggested, therefore, that ipratropium bromide may be a useful alternative to beta-stimulants in some asthmatics. PMID- 6217950 TI - A controlled study of mezlocillin in uncomplicated acute gonorrhoea. AB - In a randomized trial, 149 patients with uncomplicated gonorrhoea were treated with a single intramuscular dose of 1.0 g mezlocillin, 150 with 2.0 g ampicillin plus 1.0 g probenecid orally and 150 with a single dose of 1.8 mega units of procaine penicillin. Cure rates at 3, 10 and 17 days after treatment were 97%, 99% and 96% for mezlocillin, 95%, 99% and 95% for ampicillin, and 97%, 98% and 98% for procaine penicillin, respectively. The incidence of post-gonococcal urethritis was 11.3% for ampicillin plus probenecid, 10.9% for procaine penicillin and 10.5% for mezlocillin. Side-effects after all three regimens were minimal. PMID- 6217951 TI - A comparative study of various combinations of ipratropium bromide and metaproterenol in allergic asthmatic patients. AB - The bronchodilator effect of ipratropium bromide (IB) (Atrovent-Sch 1000), 40 micrograms inhaled, and metaproterenol (Met), 1.25 mg in various combinations, was compared in ten allergic asthmatic patients, aged 23 to 63 years. Six combinations were used at random in a double blind study. The following ventilatory functions-FVC, TGV, SGAW, FEV1, FEF 25-75, VEmax, VE50, VE25, were measured at 30 min. intervals for the first two hours and at 60 minute intervals for the additional three hours. Inhalation of IB followed by Met resulted in additive bronchodilator effect that was significantly greater and longer than IB alone (p less than 0.05), Met alone (p less than 0.05), two consecutive inhalations of Met (p less than 0.05), or Met followed by IB (p less than 0.05). The bronchodilating effect of IB and Met after five hours was the same as IB after one hour. PMID- 6217953 TI - Is Hughes-Stovin syndrome a particular expression of Behcet's disease? PMID- 6217952 TI - Severe transient left ventricular "hypertrophy" occurring during acute myocarditis. AB - We report an unusual sequence of echocardiographic abnormalities observed during the course of acute myocarditis in a young woman. Striking left ventricular "hypertrophy" transiently followed the normalization of marked segmental wall motion abnormalities. These rapid and marked alterations in left ventricular wall thickness suggest that myocardial inflammation and edema resulted in the transient appearance of myocardial hypertrophy. Our findings also indicate that contractility may be nonhomogeneously depressed in acute myocarditis. PMID- 6217954 TI - Ipratropium bromide bronchodilator solution. PMID- 6217955 TI - The role of clonidine in hypertensive heart disease. Influence on myocardial contractility and left ventricular afterload. AB - The hemodynamic and contractile effects of clonidine were studied in hypertrophied hearts of spontaneously hypertensive rats (Okamoto-Aoki strain, SHR). The hemodynamic pattern was characterized by dose-dependent decreases in systolic blood pressure and systolic wall stress, ie, the afterload imposed upon the left ventricle, whereas left ventricular ejection fraction and stroke volume were unchanged. Even at extremely high doses (10(-5)M/L) there was found no depression of isometric tension development and maximum isotonic shortening velocity of the isolated LV papillary muscle. It is concluded that clonidine may be beneficial in hypertensive heart disease, if ventricular unloading associated with a reduction in myocardial energy demand is desired. PMID- 6217956 TI - [Surgical treatment of lumbosciatica]. PMID- 6217957 TI - [21-trisomy in 3 consecutive generations (report of a case)]. PMID- 6217958 TI - [Some problems in the diagnosis of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy--with an analysis of 44 cardioangiographically proven cases]. PMID- 6217959 TI - [Relationship between quinidine syncope and QTc interval]. PMID- 6217960 TI - Setting up and running a microscope-based flow cytometer. AB - A noncommercial flow cytometry system was set up in a laboratory with no engineering staff attached. The system is based upon a conventional fluorescence microscope and a new flow principle reported by H. Steen and T. Lindmo (Science 204:403, 1979). A few modifications and additions have been introduced. The instrument has proven to be a high-resolution system, easy to adjust and control, giving coefficients of variation of cellular DNA down to 0.8% and of fluorescent polyethylene microspheres down to 0.9%. PMID- 6217961 TI - Percutaneous blind biopsy versus laparoscopy with guided biopsy in diagnosis of cirrhosis. A prospective, randomized trial. AB - A prospective controlled study of the diagnostic accuracy of blind percutaneous liver biopsy in comparison to laparoscopy plus guided biopsy for the recognition or exclusion of cirrhosis has been performed. One hundred twenty-six patients with a clinical diagnosis of chronic, diffuse, well-compensated liver disease were randomized into two groups and submitted either to percutaneous blind liver biopsy (PB: 64 patients) or to laparoscopy with guided biopsy (LB: 62 patients), in order to assess the accuracy of either procedure in diagnosing cirrhosis. PB correctly recognized or ruled out cirrhosis in 52 patients (82%). Inconclusive results were mostly false negative, as demonstrated by the presence on endoscopy of esophageal varices or by subsequent LB. LB demonstrated presence or absence of cirrhosis in all patients. The difference between the rate of accurate results of the two procedures is statistically significant. It is concluded that in patients without esophageal varices, LB should be the investigation of choice for the assessment of liver structure since the presence of cirrhosis can be missed in up to 20% of cases by PB. PMID- 6217962 TI - Serum zinc and vitamin E concentrations in handicapped children treated with anticonvulsants. AB - Serum zinc and vitamin E concentrations were measured in handicapped children aged 4-17 years, treated (n = 32) and untreated (n = 13) with phenytoin and phenobarbital. The mean serum zinc levels were 81 +/- 16 and 82 +/- 7 micrograms/dl in the treated and untreated children, respectively. The difference was not significant between these two groups. Hypozincnemia (below 70 micrograms/dl), however, was found in 7 of the 32 treated patients and in none of the 13 untreated children. The serum vitamin E level was 0.58 +/- 0.18 mg/dl in the treated and 0.67 +/- 0.17 mg/dl in the untreated children, indicating significantly lower levels in the treated patients (p less than 0.005). A significant positive correlation was found between the serum zinc and vitamin E levels (r = 0.45, p less than 0.005). Thus, long-term use of anticonvulsants results in a vitamin E and zinc deficiency, which may produce several unfavorable problems in children. PMID- 6217963 TI - Computed tomography after lumbar myelography in lower back and extremity pain syndromes. AB - A series of 214 patients with lower back and extremity pain syndromes underwent computed tomography (CT) after lumbar myelography. CT was in full agreement with the myelographic finding in 81%. In 12% CT gave more information but did not change the therapy. In 7% CT changed the diagnoses and was of significant benefit. Myelography was considered an appropriate primary method for evaluating lower back and extremity pain syndromes if the level of suspected lesion could not be predicted. CT is suitable not only as a method for checking unclear or confusing myelographic findings but also as a primary mode in selected cases. PMID- 6217965 TI - [Colophony-induced allergy. Origin, chemistry and use of colophony and modified colophony products. 2]. PMID- 6217966 TI - [Allergens responsible for occupational eczemas in hairdressers]. AB - Allergens responsible for occupational contact dermatitis occurring in hairdressers are reviewed. The subject is of topical interest as far as the number of reports on occupational skin diseases shows a considerable increase in the last years. Only a--not yet available--careful analysis of the expertises in the possession of the competent Employers Liability Insurance Association can disclose the relevance of individual sensitizers contained in hair care products to occupational contact eczemas of hairdressers. PMID- 6217967 TI - [Diagnosis of Chagas disease]. PMID- 6217968 TI - Allergic reaction to DDAVP in diabetes insipidus: successful treatment with its graded doses. PMID- 6217964 TI - The proteins of the aqueous humour. PMID- 6217970 TI - Reaction products of aquatic humic substances with chlorine. AB - A major concern of the chlorination of aquatic humic materials is the ubiquitous production of trihalomethanes. A large number of other chlorinated organic compounds, however, have been shown to be formed by chlorine's reaction with humic substances. In this study, humic material was concentrated from a coastal North Carolina lake and chlorinated at a chlorine to carbon mole ratio of 1.5 at pH 12. A high pH was necessary for complete dissolution of the humic material and for production of adequate quantities of oxidation and chlorination products for extraction, separation and mass spectrometric identification. After concentration in ether, samples were methylated, separated with a 50-m OV-17 glass capillary column or a 25 m SP-2100 fused-silica column and identified. A Hewlett-Packard 5710A gas chromatograph interfaced to a VG Micromass 7070F double-focusing mass spectrometer was used. Low resolution, accurate mass measurements were made with a combined EI-Cl source. The ability to do low resolution, accurate mass measurements made possible a rapid scan function necessary for capillary column gas chromatography. Accurate mass measurements allowed increased confidence in the identification of compounds, most of which are not available as standards. The products identified in these studies were chlorinated aliphatic straight chain acids dominated by di- and trichloroacetic acid and the chlorinated dicarboxylic acids: succinic, fumaric and maleic acids. Chlorinated and unchlorinated aliphatic mono- and dicarboxylic acids and unchlorinated polycarboxylic aromatic acids comprise the remaining bulk of the compounds identified. PMID- 6217969 TI - Steroids in saliva for assessing endocrine function. PMID- 6217971 TI - Circulating factors affect 6-phosphofructokinase activity in human adipose tissue. AB - 6-Phosphofructokinase activity was lower in adipose tissue of obese, insulin resistant subjects studied at stable body weight than in nonobese controls. This difference was absent during weight loss due to an increase in 6 phosphofructokinase activity in the obese subjects; the change suggested possible regulation by circulating factors. In an initial test of this hypothesis, blood serum collected from obese subjects at stable weight and incubated with adipose tissue in vitro produced lower 6-phosphofructokinase activity than did sera from nonobese controls. PMID- 6217972 TI - Binding and exchange of nucleotides on the chloroplast coupling factor CF1. The role of magnesium. AB - On the soluble part of the coupling factor (CF1), extracted from spinach chloroplasts, three nucleotide-binding sites are identified. Three ADP are bound per CF1 when the enzyme is incubated with ADP either with or without Mg2+. Two ADP and one ATP are bound per CF1 when the enzyme is incubated with a limiting concentration of ATP, in the presence of Mg2+. At high ATP concentration, in the presence of Mg2+, one free ATP exchanges with one bound ADP and two ATP and one ADP remain bound per CF1. When Mg2+ is omitted from the incubation medium of ATP and CF1, only two ADP and around 0.5 ATP are bound per CF1. The three nucleotide binding sites of CF1 fall into two different and independent categories according to the ability of the bound nucleotides to be exchanged with free nucleotides. On one site the bound ADP is difficult to exchange. On the other two sites, the bound nucleotides. ADP or ATP, are readily exchangable. We propose that the two exchangeable sites form the catalytic part of the enzyme where ATP is hydrolyzed. When ATP concentration is high enough, in the presence of Mg2+, one ATP displaces one bound ADP and allows the ATP hydrolysis to proceed. We propose too that the site where ADP is difficult to exchange may represent the 'tight' ADP-binding site, different from the catalytic ones, which becomes exchangeable on the CF1 in vivo when the thylakoid membranes are energized by light, as stressed by Bickel Sandkotter and Strotman [(1976) FEBS Lett. 65, 102-106]. PMID- 6217973 TI - Physical relationship between replicons and transcription units in Physarum polycephalum. AB - Electron microscope spread preparations of nuclear chromatin derived from early S phase of Physarum reveal 'beads on a string' for nonreplicated and a portion of newly replicated chromatin. Many of the early replicons contain transcription units as visualized by nascent transcripts. They are, in most cases, arranged in continuous length gradients on both newly replicated strands of chromatin, the putative origin of replication being within the transcription unit. Preferential release of DNA as acid precipitable material by DNAse I and of RNA polymerase B (estimated as release of labeled alpha-amanitin bound to isolated nuclei) is observed in early S-phase, but only if DNA synthesis is not inhibited. Also, generation of a small particle (peak A) by staphylococcal nuclease, characteristic of transcriptionally active chromatin, depends on concomitant replication of early replicons. It is concluded that DNA replication is a prerequisite for its transcription by RNA polymerase B. Thus, the sequential replication of the genome of Physarum dictates the order of transcription during S-phase which may in part control the proliferative mitotic cycle of Physarum. PMID- 6217974 TI - Virus infections and chronic rheumatic disorders. AB - There is little direct evidence that viruses cause inflammatory arthritis in the sense that infectious agents classically cause disease. However, there are several mechanisms by which virus infections could be implicated in the pathogenesis of such disorders. In particular virus infection of lymphocytes could produce the combination of selective immunodeficiency and immune stimulation that characterizes many rheumatic disorders. In addition re combination events between integrated pro-viruses in DNA and exogenous infections would account for the lack of any obvious correlation between the appearance of these disorders and any obvious preceding viral infection. Certainly, more sophisticated approaches will be needed to test such hypotheses rather than relying on classical techniques for viral isolation. PMID- 6217976 TI - Inotropic drugs of the future. PMID- 6217975 TI - N-(phosphonacetyl)-L-aspartate (PALA) in advanced malignant melanoma: a phase II trial of the EORTC Malignant Melanoma Cooperative Group. AB - Thirty-nine patients with measurable advanced malignant melanoma were entered in a phase II trial with PALA. Among the 36 evaluable patients there were 18 men and 18 women, with a median age of 53 yr (29-73) and a median performance status (Karnofsky) of 100 (50-100). Indicator lesion consisted essentially of soft tissue lesions (29 patients) and/or lung metastases (9 patients). Only three patients had received prior chemotherapy. PALA was given as a 60-min i.v. infusion at a daily dose of 2.5 g/m2 for two consecutive days. Courses were repeated every two weeks. A median number of 3 courses (2-8) were administered. Partial response (greater than 50%) was obtained in 4 patients for 6-17 weeks. Eight patients had stable disease after 3 courses of PALA and 24 had progressive disease. Toxic effects were generally mild to moderate and mainly included cutaneous toxicity, nausea and vomiting, stomatitis, and diarrhea. Myelosuppression was rare and negligible. It is concluded that PALA given at the dose schedule selected for this trial is fairly well tolerated and has borderline antitumor activity in good-risk patients with advanced malignant melanoma. PMID- 6217977 TI - Suppressor cells in Lewis rats with experimental allergic encephalomyelitis: prevention of the disease and inhibition of lymphocyte proliferation by the suppressor cells or their products. AB - Lewis rats primed with myelin basic protein (MBP) in complete Freund's adjuvant develop experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) and suddenly recover 15 to 17 days later. It was previously found that nondraining lymph node (non-DLN) cells taken at the time of convalescence and transferred into syngeneic normal animals inhibit the subsequent induction of EAE. In this report, it is shown that a suppressive factor can be extracted from non-DLN cells which mimics the inhibitory effect of cells when injected into the recipients. Non-DLN cells keep their suppressive activity on the induction of EAE after a culture of 48 h but their supernatant of culture failed to exert any protective effect in vivo. However, in vitro both the culture supernatant and the suppressor cells were found to have an inhibitory effect on the proliferative response of immune lymphoid cells to the antigen (MBP). PMID- 6217978 TI - Suppression of cell-mediated lymphocytotoxicity against minor histocompatibility antigens mediated by Lyt-1+Lyt-2+ T cells of stimulator-strain origin. AB - Cultured, unprimed spleen cells suppress the generation of cytolytic T lymphocytes when added to mixed lymphocyte culture of cells disparate at minor histocompatibility (H) loci. Cells cultured for 2 to 3 days inhibit cell-mediated lympholysis specifically in that they suppress only when they carry the same H antigen by which the stimulators activate the responding cells. However, culturing of cells for more than 3 days results also in the generation of nonspecific suppressor cells which inhibit the cell-mediated lympholysis regardless whether they carry the stimulating antigens. The specific suppressor cells are T lymphocytes of the Lyt-1+Lyt-2+ type. Fresh, uncultured spleen cells, although ineffective in vitro, can prevent the in vivo priming of minor H specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte precursors when injected i.v. into mice incompatible at minor H loci. This suppressive effect of the immunizing inoculum is abolished by irradiation (3300 rds) or by treatment with a monoclonal Thy-1 specific antibody and complement. Thus the suppressor T cell demonstrated here is of the "veto" cell type; that is, it probably suppresses minor H-specific cells when the latter recognize the stimulating antigen on the surface of the suppressor cell itself. PMID- 6217979 TI - Antibody-specific immunoregulation is restricted by the major histocompatibility gene complex. AB - Experiments were carried out to examine the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) restriction of an antibody-specific immunoregulatory function that develops following conventional immunization with hapten-carrier conjugates. It was found that carrier-primed hosts reconstituted with Ly-2.2+ T cells from hapten-carrier immunized donors were able to suppress adoptively transferred primary B cells. The effective suppression of primary B cell responses was dependent on syngeny between the suppressing T cell population and the target B cells at both MHC and Igh. These findings indicate that T cells that function through the recognition of B cell antibody are restricted in their function by gene products of the MHC, similar to the restrictions observed for the recognition of conventional antigens. PMID- 6217980 TI - A histochemical study of lateral longissimus muscle in rat. AB - Rat axial muscle previously has not been studied histochemically. We were interested in determining the fiber composition and fiber distribution in rat lateral longissimus (LL), the large epaxial dorsiflexor muscle active during sexual posturing in the female rat and to determine if estrogen replacement in ovariectomized rats would affect the histochemical profile. Staining for ATPase after acid preincubation at pH 4.5, pH 4.35, and after alkaline preincubation at pH 9.4 and staining for NADH-TR revealed that rat LL contains the three major types of fibers present in most mammalian hind limbs: fast-twitch glycolytic (FG); fast-twitch oxidative-glycolytic (FOG); and slow-twitch oxidative (SO). The muscle contains predominantly FG fibers; SO fibers are segregated superficially from L2--L6 where they comprise from 11 to 18% of the fiber population, and in an oxidative compartment in the medial deep region of L5 where they comprise 62% of all fibers. In the medial deep region of L5 most of the remaining fast fibers also contain oxidative enzyme. Spindles are most highly concentrated in this oxidative region of L5. Estrogen treatment did not affect the relative number, distribution, or diameter of the three muscle fiber types in rat LL. The concentration of SO and FOG fibers and spindles localized in the region of the lumbosacral joint is discussed by contrasting forceful movements (e.g., rump elevation during sexual behavior) with normal postural regulation. PMID- 6217981 TI - Trypanosoma brucei: recognition in vitro of two developmental forms by murine macrophages. PMID- 6217982 TI - The functional and ultrastructural changes of hepatic mitochondria in acute experimental pancreatitis in dogs treated with prostacyclin. PMID- 6217983 TI - Down's syndrome: permeability of the erythrocyte membrane for spin-labeled non electrolytes. PMID- 6217984 TI - Ultrastructural analysis of platelets in nonhuman primates. III. Stereo microscopy of microtubules during platelet adhesion and the release reaction. PMID- 6217985 TI - [Effect of nicotinamide on generalized convulsions in mice]. AB - It was shown in acute experiments on mice that nicotinamide in doses of 250-500 mg/kg given intraperitoneally increased the latent period of corasole clonico tonic convulsions without affecting their expressiveness and mortality. When given in a dose of 1000 mg/kg nicotinamide prevented clonico-tonic convulsions and mortality, and considerably raised the latent period of convulsions and the lifespan of the animals intoxicated with thiosemicarbazide and strychnine. The expressiveness of the nicotinamide effects depended on the time of its administration. PMID- 6217986 TI - The maximum capacity of glycolysis in brown adipose tissue and its relationship to control of the blood glucose concentration. AB - The maximum activity of the key glycolytic enzymes, hexokinase and 6 phosphofructokinase, was measured in tissues of control and cold-acclimated rats. The only significant change in activity was seen in brown adipose tissue where the activity of these enzymes was increased 2-fold. This increase in glycolytic capacity along with the hypertrophy of BAT observed in cold acclimation suggests that this tissue could play an important role in glucose utilisation by the rat. PMID- 6217987 TI - Possible involvement of a calmodulin regulated Ca2+ -ATPase in exocytosis performance in Paramecium tetraurelia cells. AB - Surface membrane fractions from Paramecium tetraurelia cells contain a calmodulin stimulated Ca2+-ATPase responding to low levels of free Ca2+ and with features characteristic of a membrane-bound ATPase. Among the different strains analyzed this enzyme was practically absent selectively from the 'non-discharge' mutant nd9-28 degrees C (from J. Beisson): if cultured at a permissive temperature (18 degrees C), this strain showed identical values of calmodulin-stimulated Ca2+ ATPase activity as wild-type cells (7S) or strains with mutations which do not affect exocytosis performance. We conclude that this calmodulin-stimulated Ca2+ activated ATPase might be a prerequisite for membrane fusion in the course of exocytosis performance. PMID- 6217988 TI - Separation and chemical differentiation of alpha and beta subunits in yeast phosphofructokinase. AB - The two types of subunits alpha and beta constitutive of yeast phosphofructokinase have been separated by ion-exchange chromatography under denaturating conditions. Amino acid analysis and peptide mapping were performed on the isolated subunits. The frequence of most of the amino acids significantly differs between the two types of polypeptide chains. Moreover, tryptic peptide maps of alpha and beta subunits are clearly not superimposable. These chemical differences seem sufficient to account for the distinct catalytic and regulatory functions of beta and alpha subunits in the yeast phosphofructokinase reaction. PMID- 6217989 TI - Inhibition of N-ethylmaleimide of the MgATP-driven proton pump of the chromaffin granules. AB - The thiol reagent N-ethylmaleimide (NEM) completely inhibits the proton pump activity of the H+-ATPase in chromaffin granule 'ghosts' at concentrations which only partly (approximately 20%) inhibit the Mg2+-dependent ATP hydrolysis. Half maximal inhibition was obtained at approximately 13 microM NEM as compared to 18 microM for the classical proton channel inhibitor N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCCD), and the apparent stoichiometry of the inhibitors at complete inhibition was NEM : DCCD congruent to 1 : 2. HIgh concentrations of NEM (greater than 100 microM) induce a dissipation of the transmembrane potential generated by MgATP. These findings establish NEM as a valuable proton channel inhibitor in chromaffin granules and explain the rather complex effect of NEM previously reported for catecholamine accumulation in this organelle. PMID- 6217990 TI - Independence of water-insoluble glucan synthesis and adherence of Streptococcus mutans to smooth surfaces. PMID- 6217991 TI - [Public health of Soviet Chuvashia]. PMID- 6217992 TI - An odyssey through the oviduct. PMID- 6217993 TI - Human menopausal gonadotropin/human chorionic gonadotropin follicular maturation for oocyte aspiration: phase I, 1981. AB - Thirty-one human menopausal gonadotropin and human chorionic gonadotropin (hMG/hCG) ovulation induction cycles from 25 normally ovulating patients who applied to a program for the Vital Initiation of Pregnancy (VIP) are discussed. Three different categories of serum estradiol (E2) response were found. Serum E2 and progesterone responses were inversely related to the amount of hMG, indicating a patient sensitivity rather than a dosage relationship. Luteinizing hormone levels were suppressed by gonadotropins. Daily evaluation of vaginal smear, cervical mucus, serum E2 determinations, and pelvic ultrasound are necessary for an optimum ovulation induction with gonadotropins. Two successful pregnancies are reported. PMID- 6217994 TI - Teratogenic effects of Silastic intrauterine devices in the rat with or without added medroxyprogesterone acetate. AB - The teratogenicity of intrauterine devices (IUDs) made of silicone rubber (Silastic, Dow Corning Corporation, Midland, MI) with or without added medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) has been investigated in the rat. Small rod shaped IUDs were inserted into the uterus, one between each embryo, on day 9 of pregnancy and left in place until the rats were killed just before term for examination of the fetuses. MPA exposure caused masculinization of the external genitalia of female fetuses and feminization of the external genitalia of male fetuses. There was no increase in other, nongenital malformations in MPA-exposed fetuses, compared with fetuses exposed to Silastic alone, but both Silastic exposed groups had significantly more malformations than untreated control rats. In a second experiment, a significant increase in malformations in fetuses exposed to Silastic alone, compared with untreated control fetuses, was confirmed. The malformation rate in control rats that underwent sham operations was not significantly increased, compared with untreated control rats. PMID- 6217995 TI - [Case demonstrations at the Basle University Dermatology Clinic]. PMID- 6217996 TI - Indoprofen in rheumatic patients with acute episodes: a multicentre trial. AB - The results are reported of an open multicentre trial in 228 rheumatic patients with flare-ups. Fourteen centres adopting the same investigational protocol collaborated in the study. Indoprofen was administered for 1 week at a daily dosage of 1000 mg according to a treatment schedule used with success in acute gouty arthritis: a 400 mg i.v. bolus was followed by 200 mg (1 tablet) t.i.d. Subjective (pain) and objective variables were used for reliable assessment of activity. Marked reduction of pain intensity was already noticeable on day 1 of treatment and was followed by progressive improvement in subjective and objective variables for all the diagnoses considered. According to the patients' own overall assessments, results were good or very good in more than 50% of cases. The best outcomes were obtained in low back pain, acute gout and psoriatic arthritis. At the end of treatment only 7.4% of patients experienced no change or deterioration of symptoms. Adverse reactions, consisting mostly of mild and reversible gastrointestinal disturbances, were reported by 9.2% of patients, but only in 1.8% was treatment discontinued. Indoprofen administered according to the above schedule is an appropriate treatment for acute episodes of rheumatic diseases. PMID- 6217998 TI - Muscle spindle formation and differentiation in regenerating rat muscle grafts. PMID- 6217997 TI - Steroidogenesis of cultured purified pig Leydig cells: secretion and effects of estrogens. AB - Using a primary culture of purified immature pig Leydig cells we have demonstrated: (1) that during the first 3 days of culture there is a 'spontaneous' maturation of the steroidogenic response to hCG, as expressed by a 50-fold increase of the steroidogenic capacity, an increased secretion of both dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHAS) and testosterone (T), a shift of the DHAS/T ratio (5 on day 0 vs. 0.5 on day 3) without significant changes in the number of hCG-binding sites; (2) that purified cells, on day 3 following hCG stimulation, secrete large amounts of T and small amounts of E2 (T/E2 congruent to 150) and detectable amounts of estrone, while crude pig interstitial cells under the same conditions secrete less T but 40-50 times more estrogens (T/estrogens congruent to 1.5); (3) that the steroidogenic responsiveness of purified Leydig cells is not impaired by E2 treatment, in spite of the fact that Leydig cells contain specific estradiol receptors (approximately 10000 sites/cell). These data suggest that in this model the main source of testicular estrogens are not Leydig cell but some other testicular cell types, and that the lack of effect of estrogens on pig Leydig cell steroidogenesis is not due to absence of estrogen receptors. PMID- 6217999 TI - Initial characterization of sulfated macromolecules in the blastocoels of mesenchyme blastulae of Strongylocentrotus purpuratus and Lytechinus pictus. PMID- 6218000 TI - Glucose-induced accumulation of fructose-2,6-bisphosphate in pancreatic islets. AB - Rat islets contain the acid-labile activator of phosphofructokinase, fructose-2,6 bisphosphate. The islet content in activator is higher in islets exposed to glucose (16.7 mM) than in islets deprived of glucose. The islets display fructose 6-phosphate, 2-kinase activity with a Km for fructose-6-phosphate close to 0.08 mM. Glucose fails to affect the activity of this enzyme. It is proposed that the effect of glucose to increase the islet content of fructose-2,6-bisphosphate is attributable, in part at least, to the glucose-induced increase in the concentration of fructose-6-phosphate in the islet cells. PMID- 6218001 TI - Skin collagen metabolism in the streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat. Enhanced catabolism of collagen formed both before and during the diabetic state. AB - Collagen catabolism has been measured in skins of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. For measuring catabolism of collagen synthesized de novo during the diabetic state, we measured the amounts of [3H]hydroxyproline-containing degradation products in skins of diabetic rats, killed 4 h after [3H]proline injection (protocol 1); degradation products were isolated in TCA-soluble fractions of skin homogenates. For measuring catabolism of collagen preexisting before the induction of the diabetic state, we measured the 21-day loss of [3H]hydroxyproline (and hydroxyproline) in entire skins of rats that were streptozotocin-treated after [3H]proline injection (protocol 2). A 2.5-fold increase in the relative amounts of [3H]hydroxyproline-containing degradation products was measured in the TCA-soluble fractions of skins from diabetic rats (protocol 1). These degradation products had a low molecular weight (as evident from their diffusibility), and they were derived from recently synthesized collagen, possibly procollagen (as evident from their high [3H]hydroxyproline specific activity). Furthermore, they were not derived from the degradation of [3H]hydroxyproline-labeled collagen present before induction of the diabetic state (protocol 2). Evidence for this conclusion is as follows: the amounts of [3H]hydroxyproline-containing degradation products in skins of diabetic rats were not greater than that in skins of control rats, despite a 50% resorption of collagen in skins of diabetic rats. Overall, the catabolism of collagen formed de novo during the diabetic state was distinguished from the catabolism of collagen formed before, and both catabolic processes were enhanced in rat skins of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. PMID- 6218002 TI - Leukemia and other cancers, anomalies and infections as causes of death in Down's syndrome in the United States during 1976. AB - All 995 persons with Down's syndrome who died in the United States during 1976 and whose death certificates listed Down's syndrome as the underlying or a contributing cause of death were identified. This allowed the underlying causes of death of 793 affected persons to be analysed and compared to deaths in the whole US population for that year. Mortality ratios provided evidence that the excess risk of leukemia mortality continues into adulthood and that deaths from other hematopoietic malignancies also occur excessively among Down's syndrome adults. Congenital anomalies of all kinds in infancy and congenital defects of the heart in infancy and later were also excessive. Respiratory tract infections and pneumonia showed persistently high ratios. Diabetes was raised only at ages 24 to 34 years. Ischemic heart disease, non-hematopoietic cancers, accidents, suicides and violence were under-represented among the causes of death. Methodological limitations of proportional mortality analysis are discussed. PMID- 6218003 TI - Clonidine and childhood migraine: a pilot and double-blind study. PMID- 6218004 TI - Observer bias in the hearing testing of profoundly involved multiply handicapped children. AB - Observer bias was investigated using 27 profoundly involved multiply handicapped children and behavioral observation audiometry. Two observers were in the room with the child, two others viewed via a video monitor, and each of the four observers had full knowledge of stimulus-type and intensity. Two additional observers viewed a videotape without being provided information about the stimuli. Results showed clear bias effects in 85% of the children. At low intensities, observers aware of stimulus events tended to score fewer responses than those judges unaware of stimulus intensity. At high levels, this trend was reversed. It is recommended that the estimation of hearing threshold in handicapped children be made by observers who do not have access to the sequence of stimulus presentations. PMID- 6218005 TI - [Contribution of bidimensional echocardiography to the diagnosis of left atrial enlargement]. AB - In 64 consecutive subjects (age range 17-69 years) we compared the antero posterior (A-P) size of the left atrium estimated by M-mode and wide-angle two dimensional echocardiography (short and long axis parasternal views). M-mode A-P diameter correlated both with short (r = 0.82) and with long (r = 0.76) axis A-P diameter. Subsequently we quantitatively analysed by two-dimensional echocardiography A-P, cranio-caudal (C-C) and latero-lateral (L-L) left atrial dimensions in 20 patients with mitral valve disease (age range 24-66 years) and in 24 normal subjects of comparable age range. Subjects with mitral valve disease had significantly higher A-P (P less than 0.001), C-C (P less than 0.02) and L-L (P less than 0.001) left atrial dimensions than normal controls. Both in normals and in mitral valve disease patients C-C was the view that showed the largest atrial diameter. Left atrial shape was however more spherical in mitral valve patients. Of these 7/20 (35%) had abnormal A-P diameter compared to the normal subjects. Patients with abnormal L-L and C-C left atrial dimensions were 9/20 (45%) and 7/20 (35%). Five of the patients with increased L-L size had a normal A P diameter. Our results demonstrate the usefulness of wide-angle two-dimensional echocardiography in the assessment of the left atrial enlargement, especially in patients with negative or borderline M-mode echocardiographic data. PMID- 6218006 TI - A reproducible canine model of esophageal varices. AB - One of the most promising nonoperative techniques for control of variceal hemorrhage is sclerosis via the fiberoptic endoscope. Many questions remain, however, about sclerosing agents, guidelines for effective use, and limitations of endoscopic techniques. A reproducible large animal model of esophageal varices would facilitate the critical evaluation of techniques for variceal hemostasis or sclerosis. Our purpose was to develop a large animal model of esophageal varices. Studies in pigs and dogs are described which led to the development of a reproducible canine model of esophageal varices. For the final model, mongrel dogs had laparotomy, side-to-side portacaval shunt, inferior vena cava ligation, placement of an ameroid constrictor around the portal vein, and liver biopsy. The mean (+/- SE) pre- and postshunt portal pressure increased significantly from 12 +/- 0.4 to 23 +/- 1 cm saline. Weekly endoscopies were performed to grade the varix size. Two-thirds of animals developed medium or large sized esophageal varices after the first operation. Three to six weeks later, a second laparotomy with complete ligation of the portal vein and liver biopsy were performed in animals with varices (one-third of the animals). All dogs developed esophageal varices and abdominal wall collateral veins of variable size 3-6 wk after the first operation. After the second operation, the varices became larger. Shunting of blood through esophageal varices via splenic and gastric veins was demonstrated by angiography. Sequential liver biopsies were normal. There was no morbidity or mortality. Ascites, encephalopathy, or spontaneous variceal bleeding did not occur. We have documented the lack of size change and the persistence of medium to large esophageal varices and abdominal collateral veins in all animals followed for more than 6 mo. Variceal bleeding could be induced by venipuncture for testing endoscopic hemostatic and sclerosis methods. We suggest other potential uses of this reproducible canine model of esophageal varices. PMID- 6218007 TI - Experimental autoimmune hepatitis in mice after immunization with syngeneic liver proteins together with the polysaccharide of Klebsiella pneumoniae. AB - Experimental autoimmune hepatitis could be produced in SMA mice by monthly injections of syngeneic liver homogenate or liver-specific lipoprotein together with the polysaccharide of Klebsiella pneumoniae 03:K1 as a powerful adjuvant. Using a gel-diffusion technique, antibodies reacting with liver-specific lipoprotein and liver-specific membrane lipoprotein were detected in approximately 50% of sera from the immunized mice after an 8-mo period. After a full immunization schedule, 60%-80% of the livers of the sensitized mice developed infiltration of mono-nuclear cells consisting mainly of lymphocytes and plasma cells in portal areas, frequently associated with focal necrosis of hepatocytes. Moderate-to-severe piecemeal necrosis of hepatocytes appeared in 10 of 59 animals. However, a gradual decrease in the morphologic severity was observed 3-6 mo after cessation of injections. The transfer of splenic cells from animals with the damaged liver led to a hepatitis in recipients that was characterized by portal infiltration with mononuclear cells and by necrosis of liver parenchymal cells seen on day 14 after cell transfer. The suppressor cell activity determined by the ability of concanavalin A-activated cells to suppress blast transformation of splenic cells of normal SMA mice was significantly decreased (p less than 0.05) in mice immunized with a mixture of liver-specific lipoprotein and the polysaccaride of Klebsiella pneumoniae compared with mice immunized with the polysaccaride of Klebsiella pneumoniae alone or the polysaccaride of Klebsiella pneumoniae plus kidney lipoprotein. PMID- 6218008 TI - Hepatic hemodynamics in patients with chronic hepatitis or cirrhosis as assessed by organ-reflectance spectrophotometry. AB - Hepatic hemodynamics in patients with chronic liver disease has been studied by reflectance spectrophotometry of the liver in situ during peritoneoscopy. An organ-reflectance spectrophotometer used in this study was equipped with a branched optic fiber bundle, which coupled the liver surface with the spectrophotometer. The spectrophotometry could measure qualitatively and quantitatively the absorption of hemoglobin in the liver in situ, thus estimating the regional hepatic tissue blood hemoglobin concentration and the saturation level of hemoglobin in the regional tissue blood. The analysis of 42 cases has shown that the estimated regional hepatic tissue blood hemoglobin concentration and saturation level of hemoglobin decreased in most cirrhotic livers, suggesting that even in cirrhotic livers the hepatic oxygen extraction increased, concomitant with a decrease in the regional hepatic tissue blood hemoglobin concentration. The hepatic blood hemoglobin concentration estimated on the surface layer of the liver was positively correlated with the regional hepatic blood flow measured by radioisotope clearance technique. The estimated hepatic blood hemoglobin concentration was also correlated positively with serum albumin level and prothrombin time, and negatively correlated with plasma retention of indocyanine green at 15 min. It is concluded that the hepatic tissue blood hemoglobin concentration decreases significantly with progress of chronic hepatitis to cirrhosis. This decrease in hepatic blood hemoglobin concentration and flow is concomitant with a decrease in metabolic functions, which is not compensated by an increased hepatic oxygen extraction. PMID- 6218009 TI - An advance in identification and localization of gastrointestinal hemorrhage. PMID- 6218010 TI - [Endoscopic diagnosis preceding reconstructive surgery of the fallopian tube]. AB - Between October 1978 and December 1980 165 diagnostic laparoscopies were carried out because of the suspected diagnosis of primary tubal infertility. In this preselected series 27.9% of the cases had normal findings. It was remarkable that the previous diagnosis was not confirmed in 21 cases which had a prior infertility work-up. In 17 of these cases tubal occlusion was diagnosed by laparoscopy or hysterosalpingography but was not confirmed by the repeat laparoscopy. In addition 1 case of tubal tuberculosis and 1 case of tubal anomaly were detected which were missed with the prior work-up. Because of the findings in this series the repeat diagnostic laparoscopy prior to micro-surgical reconstruction of the fallopian tubes is necessary and the referring clinics should show comprehension for the repeat laparoscopy prior to micro-surgery. In the sequence of diagnostic test, laparoscopy it selected prior to hysterosalpingography. PMID- 6218011 TI - Identification of a gene regulating the tissue expression of a phosphoglucomutase locus in rainbow trout. AB - Nine percent of the rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) from a hatchery source have a greater than 100-fold increase in expression of a phosphoglucomutase (PGM) locus, Pgm1, in the liver but have normal expression of this locus in other tissues. The results of genetic crosses are consistent with a single regulatory gene with additive inheritance being responsible for the differences in the amount of PGM activity in the liver.--The allele responsible for the expression of Pgm1 in the liver is apparently a recent mutation. This is supported by its restricted distribution in rainbow trout and the absence of liver Pgm1 expression in closely related species. This genetic system is valuable for future analysis of the control of gene expression and in determining the relative evolutionary importance of genetic variation at structural and regulatory genes. PMID- 6218012 TI - [Role of paratypical factors in determining human multiple pregnancy. I. A comparative statistical analysis of the social biology characteristics of the mothers]. AB - Twelve social-biological characteristics were investigated in 400 mothers of monodizygotic twins and in 429 women in the control group. The mean age of mothers for dizygotic types of twins was, on the whole, authentically higher than that of the control women. The continuance of the working activity, the character of the work, inclination towards certain food have been reported to influence the manifestation of being a dizygotic twin. In addition to the above mentioned factors, the age of women at the beginning of their sexual life is of importance. Also, a woman's psychological attitude towards the possible pregnancy is reported to influence multiple pregnancy. The percentage of repeated marriages among twins mothers was higher than that in the control group. Conclusions are made on the use of the factors investigated for a probable estimation of manifestation of multiple pregnancy. PMID- 6218013 TI - Cloning of the uvrD gene of E. coli and identification of the product. AB - The uvrD gene has been cloned from Escherichia coli chromosomal DNA into phage lambda, cosmid, and low-copy-number plasmid vectors. Comparison of the proteins encoded by the cloned fragments with those encoded by fragments in which the uvrD gene is inactivated by transposon insertion or by deletion shows that the uvrD gene product is a protein of Mr = 73000. PMID- 6218014 TI - [Physical development standards for students]. PMID- 6218015 TI - [Risk factor study of arteriosclerosis in adolescents of certain occupational groups]. PMID- 6218016 TI - [Achievements of the sanitary service of Turkmenistan]. PMID- 6218017 TI - [Regimen in Naberezhnye Chelny preschool institutions and the health status of the children]. PMID- 6218018 TI - [Practical work of the Grodno Municipal Epidemiological Health Station in organizing the ongoing health inspection of preschool institutions]. PMID- 6218019 TI - [Health assessment of the class regimens in general schools]. PMID- 6218020 TI - [Age-related dynamics of physiometric indices of the physical development in rural schoolchildren]. PMID- 6218021 TI - [Modern urban construction and the problems of environmental protection in the RSFSR]. PMID- 6218022 TI - [Epidemiological health service of the Byelorussian SSR]. PMID- 6218023 TI - [Work and achievement experience of the epidemiological health service of the Uzbek SSR]. PMID- 6218024 TI - [Epidemiological health service of the Kazakh SSR]. PMID- 6218025 TI - [Epidemiological health service of the Armenian SSR]. PMID- 6218026 TI - [Development and further improvement of the epidemiological health service of the Turkmen SSR]. PMID- 6218027 TI - [Epidemiological health service of the Kirghiz SSR]. PMID- 6218028 TI - [Epidemiological health service of Moldavia]. PMID- 6218029 TI - [Changes in the body function of leaders of student construction brigades]. PMID- 6218030 TI - Usage and acceptance of an emergency alarm system by the frail elderly. PMID- 6218031 TI - [Achievements of occupational medicine in Soviet Armenia]. PMID- 6218032 TI - [Industrial health inspection in the RSFSR]. PMID- 6218033 TI - Urinary mucopolysaccharide excretion in early pregnancy. PMID- 6218034 TI - The Y-shaped hypogastric--groin flap. AB - We present a technique of providing complete skin cover for total degloving injuries of the hand and distal third of the forearm. This involves the use of a Y-shaped hypogastric groin flap. The proximal portion of the Y is tubed allowing the distal portion of each flap to be applied to the dorsal and volar surfaces respectively. This technique allows complete skin cover of both surfaces and yet retains the advantages of the groin flap in that it still has a long pedicle allowing the hand to be put through a full range of motion, speeding rehabilitation. PMID- 6218035 TI - [Pharmacological studies on diuretic action of azosemide [5-(4'-chloro-5' sulfamoyl-2'-thenylamino)-phenyltetrazole], a new diuretic (2). Diuretic action of azosemide in HgCl2-induced acute renal failure in rats]. AB - The diuretic effect of azosemide in HgCl2-induced acute renal failure of rats was investigated in comparison with that of furosemide. Acute renal failure was induced by the single s.c. injection of 1, 2, or 4 mg/kg HgCl2; and the test drug was administered 48 hr after treatment with HgCl2. Treatment with HgCl2 resulted in a dose related elevation of plasma urea nitrogen and creatinine levels (mg/dl). In rats with 1 mg/kg HgCl2-induced acute renal failure, azosemide at doses ranging from 10 to 40 mg/kg p.o. dose-dependently increased urinary volume (ml/5 hr) and urinary Na+, K+, and Cl- excretions (mEq/5 hr). In this case, azosemide at 40 mg/kg caused a 3.5-fold increase in urinary volume and 4.5-, 2.1, and 4.1-fold increases in urinary Na+, K+, and Cl- excretions, respectively. Although plasma electrolyte levels were little affected by azosemide, plasma urea nitrogen and creatinine levels were significantly elevated by doses of more than 20 mg/kg of this drug. The diuretic effect of azosemide was more markedly reduced in rats with 2 mg/kg HgCl2-induced acute renal failure than in rats with 1 mg/kg HgCl2-induced acute renal failure. In the case of treatment with HgCl2 of 2 mg/kg, the diuretic effect of azosemide at doses ranging from 40-320 mg/kg p.o. was dose-dependent. However, azosemide had no effect on plasma electrolyte, urea nitrogen, and creatinine levels. The diuretic effect of azosemide in rats given 4 mg/kg HgCl2 was more pronouncedly reduced as compared with that in the case of 2 mg/kg HgCl2. In this case, azosemide at 320 mg/kg brought about a 2.6-fold increase in urinary volume and 4.8-, 4.6-, and 3.9-fold increases in urinary Na+, K+, and Cl- excretions, respectively. This drug had no effect on any plasma parameters. The diuretic effect of azosemide was slightly more potent than those of furosemide in the case of acute renal failure induced by 2 and 4 mg/kg HgCl2. PMID- 6218036 TI - [Validity of computed tomography for the demonstration of patent or occluded aortocoronary vein grafts. A multicenter study]. AB - In 328 patients with 611 aortocoronary bypass grafts CT was performed and 96 of them with 199 grafts were additionally studied by angiography. The results showed a sensitivity of 92,6%, a specificity of 78,1% and an overall accuracy of 87,9% for CT, which proved to be a reliable method for non-invasive direct visualization of aortocoronary bypass grafts. It can be performed within few days after surgery and also in out-patients as a follow-up study. Graft occlusion demonstrated in CT should be verified by angiography, whenever it results in a therapeutic consequence. Conversely if CT reveals patency of the graft, an angiographic control study is not necessary. PMID- 6218037 TI - [Graded coronary dilatation (PTCA) with a double balloon catheter]. AB - In coronary angioplasty (PTCA) stenoses over 80% can usually be passed with very small catheters only. To pass stenoses with different catheters during one procedure may be dangerous because of dissection. We therefore developed an instrument with very small tip-diameter and two balloons of different diameters in series. In 9 cases primary success was achieved and the degree of stenoses reduced from 90% to 23%. The gradient was 58 mmHg and remained only 11 mmHg after PTCA. When used with caution, the advantage of this catheter in high degree coronary stenoses is obvious. PMID- 6218038 TI - [Demonstration of intracardiac tumors by digital video subtraction angiography (DVSA)]. PMID- 6218039 TI - [Radiologic differential diagnosis of adrenal gland cysts]. AB - Cystic diseases of the adrenal glands, which were thought to be rare, are being found more frequently nowadays by means of sonography and computer tomography. Our experience of fifteen cases is reported; of these, ten were confirmed at operation. Contrary to expectations based on the relevant literature, only one of the operated cases proved to be an endothelial cyst of lymphangiomatous origin. All other patients had pseudo-cysts of the adrenals. These are due to bleeding into a normal or tumour-containing gland. About one quarter of the pseudo cysts showed circular calcification on the plain films, although the incidence of this is given as 8-15% in the literature. The cystic nature of these lesions can be readily demonstrated by ultrasound or CT. The latter also provided information concerning the wall of the cyst and of the remaining adrenal tissue. An aspiration biopsy of the cyst can be carried out under ultrasound or CT control; cytological examination will confirm the benign nature of the lesion. A benign lesion without symptoms requires no further diagnostic or therapeutic measures. If there is hypertension, as may occur with a cystic phaeochromocytoma or lymphangioma, angiography is still indicated. Hormone assays are possible following catheterisation of the vena cava combined with adrenal phlebography. The origin and extent of a malignant pseudo-cyst can be demonstrated by arteriography, if this information is lacking following CT. PMID- 6218040 TI - [Renal phlebographic findings in painless macrohematuria]. AB - After extensive review of literature concerning renal varices including suburothelial phlebectasia three cases of painless macrohematuria are recommended with unusual phlebographic findings: 1. a large renoiliac anastomosis combined with associated varices of the ureter, 2. a wide renohemazygal anastomosis draining nearly totally left renal venous blood into the vena cava superior, simultaneous existing varices of renal pelvis and ureter and 3. a persisting circumaortal ring. It is discussed whether phlebographic revealed renal varicosity is origin of bleeding in any case or bleeding may be caused eventually by associated suburothelial phlebectasia. PMID- 6218041 TI - [Sonographic appearance of renal fibrolipomatosis]. AB - Diagnostic ultrasound studies were performed in 104 patients with renal fibrolipomatosis. The lesions were echo-poor in 94 of 104 cases and echogenic in the remaining 10 patients. The echo-poor lesions presented multiple echo-poor zones, a single echo-poor region of a finger-shaped configuration. The latter pattern resembled hydronephrosis. Differentiation between the two lesions was possible on the basis blurred contours, absence of increased transmission and lower echo intensity in fibrolipomatosis than in urinary tract obstruction. Cases of echogenic fibrolipomatosis are characterized by a high proportion of collagen fibres. Differential diagnosis of these lesions including tumours of the renal parenchyma and pelvis are discussed. PMID- 6218042 TI - [Renal corona--a sign of fluid buildup in the anterior pararenal space]. PMID- 6218043 TI - [Percutaneous real-time ultrasonically guided nephrostomy. First results with a new puncture set]. PMID- 6218044 TI - [Computed tomographic staging of prostatic cancer]. AB - 77 patients with carcinoma of the prostate (stage T1 = 4, stage T2 = 17, stage T3 = 28, stage T4 = 28) were investigated by computerized tomography for staging. Intracapsular stage T1 tumors could not be identified as such. About 50% of clinical stage T2 tumors were shown to be of stage T3 by CT, whereas one fifth of the clinical stage T3 tumors were overestimated as demonstrated by CT. The extension of stage T4 tumors was more accurately depicted by CT then by clinical investigation. Inspite of the high diagnostic accuracy of CT for detecting regional lymph node metastases diagnostic lymphadenectomy is necessary prior to any major surgical intervention. PMID- 6218045 TI - [Visualization of the pancreas in the prone position with an automated water coupled multisector scanner (Octoson)]. AB - In a comparative study involving 300 patients the pancreas was demonstrated using the Combison 100 real-time system and the Combison 202 (compound-scanner) with the patients in supine position (without administration of methylcellulose or water) as well as with Octoson with the patient in the prone position. Both studies were performed within 1 hour in each case. Distribution of air in the abdomen is altered when the patient assumes the prone position for the Octoson study, a fact confirmed by 100 radiological examinations. This alteration in the distribution of air (in the abdomen) results in less interference when the pancreas is demonstrated. Other factors influencing visualization of the pancreas include: interposition of subcutaneous and omental fat (which cases absorption and defocussing of the ultrasonic beam) infiltrating of the pancreas by fat (lipomatosis) cutaneous scars, and hair, which disturbs contact between the transducer and the skin. PMID- 6218046 TI - [Special indications for the use of the Gruntzig balloon catheter in surgical problem cases]. AB - The excellent experiences with the intravascular application of Gruntzig's double lumen balloon catheter shows his potential use in thin-walled organs. We report our experiences with the dilatation of bile-duct stenoses (end-to-end anastomosis of the Ductus choledochus, sclerosis of the Papilla Vateri, intra- and extrahepatic fibrotic stenosis), stenosis of the esophagus after acid corrosion and stenosis of the ureter anastomosis after Anderson-Hynes operation. These results demonstrate, that in selected cases the balloon dilatation may be an alternative to surgical intervention. PMID- 6218047 TI - The double contrast examination in inflammatory large bowel disease. A prospective clinical, radiographic, and pathologic study. AB - In a prospective clinical series of 2371 consecutive patients referred for double contrast examination (DCE) of the large bowel, 154 had clinical and/or radiographic signs of inflammatory disease. The patients were followed up from May 1976 until May 1981. At the time of interpretation of the roentgenograms, the radiologist was unaware of clinical and laboratory findings. In 31 patients, organ specimens were studied histologically and in 101 other multiple endoscopic biopsies were available. Basing on the clinical observations and the pathology reports, the accuracy of the DCE was calculated at 99%; the predictive value of a positive DCE at 92, and that of a negative DCE at 99%. PMID- 6218048 TI - [Computed tomographic and scintigraphic diagnosis of bacterial spondylitis. Differential diagnosis]. AB - Thirty-six patients with bacterial spondylitis and eight patients with hemispherical spondylosclerosis (Dihlmann 1981) were examined by conventional x ray techniques, computed tomography, 99mTc-MDP scintigraphy and 67Gallium scintigraphy. Conventional radiology is adequate for making the diagnosis. Where there is doubt, however, and for observing the progress of the disease, CT and scintigraphy may be used. Hemispherical spondylosclerosis can be identified by means of these additional methods. PMID- 6218049 TI - [Multiple progressive intracranial arterial occlusions of unknown etiology]. PMID- 6218050 TI - [Somatic radiation risk during angiography]. PMID- 6218051 TI - [Mammographically distinguishable parenchymal patterns and their significance in estimating breast cancer risk]. AB - A retrospective study of the mammograms of 11020 women was carried out; amongst these, 490 had carcinomas, including 51 so-called interval carcinomas. An attempt was made to test the suggestion advanced by Wolfe that certain dense types of parenchymal pattern on the mammogram are associated with a significantly increased carcinoma risk. We were unable to confirm Wolfe's suggestion. There is a slightly higher risk for pattern P2-DY, which cannot be used as the basis for future management of the patient. Attention is drawn to the risk of missing many carcinomas of the breast, if the suggestions made by Wolfe are followed. PMID- 6218052 TI - The significance of efficient scatter removal in chest radiography. AB - The conventional approach to the removal of secondary radiation in chest radiography is by using an air gap or a radiographic grid. However, grids become ineffective at high kVp levels. This study evaluated efficient scatter removal by radiographic scanography versus the conventional technique. Nylon spheres simulating lung nodules were attached to a standard radiographic thorax phantom and to a special chest phantom of our own design. Conventional and scanographic films were made of the phantoms using the same conditions. The films were read in a double-blind fashion. The results indicated that scanograms permitted appreciation of the simulated nodules over the lungs better than did the conventional films, particularly at higher kVp levels. However, the marked increase of contrast resulted in an underpenetration of the mediastinum. If properly penetrated, the lung fields were overexposed, which resulted in a decrease of the detectability of lesions in spite of a higher normalized contrast. Scanography is a promising technique for improving the detection rate of lung nodules on chest films, provided that means can be found to penetrate the mediastinum without overexposing the lungs. PMID- 6218053 TI - [Sensitivity figures for film-screen combinations for medical diagnosis]. PMID- 6218054 TI - Hodgkin's disease of the ileocaecal junction. A case report. PMID- 6218055 TI - [Computed tomographic and sonographic control of the treatment of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the stomach]. PMID- 6218056 TI - [So-called fetal form of the vermiform appendix]. PMID- 6218057 TI - [Neurilemmoma of the pancreas]. PMID- 6218058 TI - [Idiopathic Fahr syndrome with rapid clinical progression]. PMID- 6218059 TI - Paraureteral bladder diverticula and ureteral dilatation in two male children. PMID- 6218060 TI - [Bradycardial heart rhythm disorders - when and how treatable?]. PMID- 6218061 TI - [Viral hepatitis and the dental profession]. PMID- 6218062 TI - [Ko-Klan--the Leper Isle in the Ping River]. PMID- 6218063 TI - Chromosomal syndromes. PMID- 6218064 TI - Sperm aging in the male and cytogenetic anomalies. An animal model. PMID- 6218065 TI - Red cell antigen, serum protein and red cell enzyme polymorphisms in Eastern Highlanders of New Guinea. AB - A series of 1,187 blood samples from eight population groups in the Eastern Highlands of Papua New Guinea were tested for genetic variation in blood groups, serum proteins and red cell enzyme systems. The populations belonged to the language groups Gahuku-Asarc-Bena Bena, Kamano, Yagaria, Keiagana, Fore, Agarabe, Auyana and Tairora. Polymorphic variation was found in the ABO, MNS, P1, Rh, Hp, Tf, SEP, 6-PGD, ADA, MDH, and PGM genetic systems. East to West variation was shown in the language groups; the O, S, R2, and R0 genes increase in frequency from East to West and the A, R1, and M genes decrease in the same direction. In the East higher frequencies were found for the Du antigen, for the PGM21 gene and for a PGM second locus variant. The MDH 3 variant was found in all the populations, its highest value being in the Tairora. PMID- 6218066 TI - Red cell antigen, serum protein and red cell enzyme polymorphisms in Karkar Islanders and inhabitants of the adjacent North Coast of New Guinea. AB - Blood samples from the Waskia and Takia populations of Karkar Island, Papua New Guinea, and other nearby mainland populations, were tested for genetic variation in blood group, serum protein and red cell enzyme systems. Polymorphic variation was present in the ABO, P, MNS, Rh, Lewis, Duffy, Kidd and Gerbich blood group systems, in the Hp and Tf serum protein systems, and in the acid phosphatase, 6 PGD, ADA, PGM, MDH, and G-6-PD enzyme systems. A small number of variants was found in other systems: there were 4 Lu(a+), 1 Kp(a+), 2 C variants in the acid phosphatase system, 6 LDH variants, 1 ADA3-1 and 1 AK2-1 sample. All samples were negative for the red cell antigens Cw, Vw, He, K, Jsa, Dia, Wra, Rd and Marriott, and no variation was observed in the PHI enzyme system. The results are discussed in relation to those obtained on other Papua New Guinea populations. PMID- 6218067 TI - Isoelectric focusing studies of human red cell PGM1 in Japanese, with special reference to the characterization of PGM17. AB - The distribution of phosphoglucomutase (PGM1) subtypes in human red cells was determined by isoelectric focusing in 218 Japanese samples. Nine common phenotypes were observed corresponding to the following frequencies of the four alleles at the PGM1 locus: PGM11+ 0.6560, PGM11- 0.1170, PGM12+ 0.1674 and PGM12- 0.0505. In addition, a characterization of the PGM17 allele was performed. Our results obtained in the present study revealed the possibility that the PGM17 allele may be differentiated in the two alleles of PGM17+ and PGM17- through an investigation of isoelectric focusing. PMID- 6218068 TI - Identification of PGM1 (phosphoglucomutase EC 2.7.5.1) by isoelectric focusing in a Swedish population. PMID- 6218069 TI - Lyb3: a B cell surface antigen associated with triggering secretory differentiation. AB - The results discussed in this review show that the TNP-specific IgA lambda 2 secreting BALB/c plasmacytoma MOPC-315 is partially composed of small lymphocytoid, presecretory cells which express the Lyb3 determinant. It is shown that MOPC-315 cell secretory differentiation, but not clonal proliferation, can be modulated by anti-Lyb3. Anti-Lyb3 serum has been shown to: 1) augment secretory differentiation enhancement by suboptimal numbers of secretory differentiation-enhancing, IgA315-specific helper T cells; 2) replace this secretory differentiation-enhancing T cell population as long as clone growth helper T cells are present; and 3) block suppression of secretory differentiation mediated by carrier-immune Ts cells. These results demonstrate that whether anti Lyb3 serum enhances immune responses by replacing or augmenting a helper signal or by counteracting suppressor signals, the effects are focused on secretory differentiation events and have no effect on clonal proliferation. PMID- 6218070 TI - Use of pancreatic beta cells in culture to identify diabetogenic N-nitroso compounds. AB - Epidemiological observations suggest that environmental factors play a role in the pathogenesis of insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (1). Several chemicals have been identified as specific beta cell toxins (2-4). We report here studies to determine the feasibility of using monolayer cultures of pancreatic beta cells from neonatal rat to screen potential diabetogenic chemicals. Cytotoxicity was monitored both by phase microscopy and the release of insulin into the culture medium. In comparative studies, cellular protein and release of 51chromium (51Cr) were measured after addition of test compounds to cultures of fibroblasts derived from pancreatic tissue. The nitrosoamides 1 methyl-l-nitrosourea (MNU), 1,3 bis (2-choroethyl) nitrosourea (BCNU), chlorozotocin (CLZ), and the beta cell toxin, streptozotocin (SZ), were examined. CLZ and SZ were more toxic to pancreatic beta cells than to fibroblasts. In contrast, MNU and BCNU damaged both beta cells and fibroblasts at identical concentrations. These results suggest that in vitro techniques can be used to identify chemicals that selectively injure beta cells. Although SZ-induced toxicity was ameliorated with addition of nicotinamide to cultures of beta cells, nicotinamide did not prevent damage caused by CLZ. This observation indicates different mechanisms of drug-induced cytotoxicity. PMID- 6218071 TI - Stimulation of rat autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction with xenogeneic sera and their protein preparations. AB - Autologous mixed lymphocyte cultures were set up from nylon non-adherent T enriched lymphocytes and mitomycin C-treated spleen cells of individual ACI/N rats and the effect on the reaction (AMLR) of sera in the culture medium was studied with regard to the xenogeneic nature of the sera. Not only foetal calf serum, but also sera of adult human, horse and swine stimulated the AMLR response, but autologous or rat serum did not. Albumin fractions of these sera were also effective in inducing the AMLR response. Furthermore, the presence of xenogeneic serum in the culture medium was also required for the blastogenic response of AMLR-primed lymphocytes against the secondary stimulation with syngeneic spleen cells. Both autologous and xenogeneic sera, however, supported the Con-A response of the same responder cell population as used in the AMLR. These results substantiated our previous finding (Endho & Hashimoto, 1981) and suggest that two signals, one from autologous non-T cells and another from the xenogeneic factor in culture medium, are required to cause AMLR, at least in the rat system. PMID- 6218072 TI - Presence of host-reactive T cells in lymphohaematopoietic chimeras. AB - The presence of autoreactive lymphocytes was investigated in murine lymphohaematopoietic chimeras. In this report we demonstrate the presence of precursors of host-reactive cytotoxic effector T lymphocytes in parent leads to F1 chimeras. Lymphocytes from these chimeras display cytotoxic activity towards the non-shared major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens of the host following activation with the polyclonal T-cell activator concanavalin A. These host-reactive cells were found despite the apparent absence of lymphocytes demonstrating autoreactivity in other experimental systems: mixed lymphocyte reaction, cell-mediated lympholysis, positive allogeneic effect and negative allogeneic effect. Animals possessing precursors of these cytotoxic effector cells also possess precursors of cytotoxic effector cells capable of generating an MHC-restricted anti-minor histocompatibility antigen response. The results are discussed in reference to the role of the thymus in effecting self non-self discrimination. PMID- 6218073 TI - Modulation of human peripheral blood lymphocyte Fc gamma receptors by immune complexes: recovery of Fc gamma receptors in the presence of normal human serum. AB - When normal human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) were incubated at 37 degrees with soluble transferrin anti-transferrin (TAT) complexes a significant reduction in the proportion of PBL bearing receptors for the reacted Fc portion of IgG(Fc gamma R) was found. Following incubation of such complex-treated PBL in normal human serum the proportion of Fc gamma R + PBL, as assessed by rosette formation with chicken erythrocytes (E) presensitized with rabbit antibody (A) was found to be significantly increased. Such serum-mediated recovery of Fc gamma R was not affected by pretreating PBL with cycloheximide. Recovery was found to be species restricted, Ca++ dependent and confined to a serum fraction containing molecules of relatively low molecular weight (less than 90,000 Mr). Following absorption with EA the restorative capacity of human serum was lost. These findings suggest that following modulation of human PBL-Fc gamma R by immune complexes, receptors may be restored to the cell surface from a serum pool of 'fluid-phase' Fc gamma R. The origin and biological significance of serum Fc gamma R is not known but it is conceivable that they play an important role in immunoregulation. PMID- 6218074 TI - Autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction in man. VIII. Deficiency of autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction in patients with selective IgA deficiency. AB - Autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction (AMLR) between T and non-T cells was studied in 12 patients with selective IgA deficiency. Seven of 12 patients demonstrated significantly (P less than 0.05) lower AMLR when compared to simultaneously studied age and sex matched controls. In the allogeneic MLR, T cells from patients responded normally to control non-T cells; however, non-T cells from patients were poor stimulators against normal responder T cells when compared to allogeneic MLR between different normal controls. The deficient AMLR in selective IgA deficiency further supports abnormal immune regulation and might explain the increased incidence of autoimmune phenomena and autoimmune diseases associated with selective IgA deficiency. PMID- 6218075 TI - Interaction between staphylococcal protein A and human immunoglobulin M takes place through the F(ab')2 gamma-receptor on the protein A molecule. PMID- 6218076 TI - Experimental paracoccidioidomycosis in immunosuppressed mice. AB - Mice were immunosuppressed by means of wholebody irradiation or cyclophosphamide, in order to investigate the influence on the initial phase of infection induced by a strain of the fungus, Paracoccidioides brasiliensis, in the yeast phase and inoculated intraperitoneally. A group of mice was irradiated with 600 rad (cobalt gamma-irradiation) 24 h before infection. Two groups were treated with cyclophosphamide (200 mg/kg intravenously), one two days before, and the other, one day after infection. A control group received the fungus, but no radiation or cyclophosphamide. All animals developed lesions at the site of inoculation. Metastatic lesions were observed in 100% of the animals in the irradiated group, 67% in each of the cyclophosphamide-treated groups and 33% in the control group. These lesions were found both in the liver and lungs, being more numerous in the irradiated group, followed by the cyclophosphamide-treated group in which the drug was given after the infection; they were slight in both viscera in the other cyclophosphamide-treated group and also slight in the liver and absent in the lungs of the controls. PMID- 6218077 TI - Study of helper and suppressor T-cells in cystic fibrosis. AB - The ratio between inducer and cytotoxic/suppressor subset T-cells was studied in 11 cystic fibrosis patients and 11 non-cystic fibrosis controls. No statistically significant difference was found between the two groups. It is suggested that the major immune deficiency in some patients suffering from cystic fibrosis is a state of tolerance to the same bacterial antigens such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Inhibitory factors are present in the serum of the most affected patients. PMID- 6218078 TI - Myofibrillar ATPase in catecholamine induced myocardiopathy in rhesus monkeys. PMID- 6218079 TI - Left ventricular hypertrophy and function in high, normal, and low-renin forms of essential hypertension. AB - To assess the relative importance of the level of blood pressure (BP) and renin profile status as determinants of hypertensive left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and dysfunction, we studied, by quantitative echocardiography, 118 hypertensive patients off medication. The 19 high-renin patients were younger (31 +/- 13 years; p less than 0.01) but had hypertension of severity (152 +/- 13/95 +/- 11 mg Hg) similar to the 79 normal-renin patients (42 +/- 14 years; 152 +/- 17/98 +/ 12 mg Hg) and 20 low-renin patients (49 +/- 13 yrs; 157 +/- 17/95 +/- 11 mm Hg). Left ventricular (LV) mass index (normal = 70 +/- 25 g/m2) was similar in the high- (113 +/- 21 g/m2, p less than 0.001), normal = (114 +/- 31 g/m2, p less than 0.001), and low-renin patients (115 +/- 18 g/m2, p less than 0.01). End diastolic relative wall thickness (nl = 0.32 +/- 0.05) was equally elevated in high- (0.41 +/- 0.09), normal (0.42 +/- 0.08) and low-renin groups (0.41 +/- 0.08) (all p less than 0.001). In the entire population, there was a closer correlation of relative wall thickness with total peripheral resistance (r = 0.54, p less than 0.001) than with mean blood pressure (r = 0.31, p less than 0.05). LV dysfunction (LV fractional systolic shortening less than 26%) occurred only in two high-renin patients, whereas LV fractional shortening was significantly increased in the low-renin subgroup (p less than 0.01). We conclude that the degree of LVH is similar in low-, normal-, and high-renin hypertensives and is proportional to the degree of hypertension, even though the high-renin patients were significantly younger; but that the low-renin patients with similar level of blood pressure, even though significantly older and with a longer duration of hypertension than the other patient groups, manifest increased LV function compared to normals. PMID- 6218080 TI - Streptozotocin diabetic rats are hypertensive despite reduced hypothalamic responsiveness. AB - To determine whether diabetes predisposes rats to hypertension, tail-cuff systolic pressures were measured in male rats made diabetic by pretreatment with streptozotocin. From Weeks 2 through 7, diabetic rats weighed less but had higher systolic pressures than nondiabetic ones. Further comparisons made while the rats were anesthetized with urethane showed that pressor and sympathetic nerve responses to ventromedial hypothalamic stimulation, as well as pressor responses to injected vasopressin, were significantly reduced in the diabetic group. A generalized reduction of cardiovascular reactivity was considered unlikely because systemic pressor responses to norepinephrine and tyramine were unimpaired. Yet reflex bradycardia elicited by norepinephrine was enhanced indicating that baroreceptor resetting had not occurred. Thus, diabetic rats were characterized by hypertension, narrowed pulse pressure, bradycardia with increased reflex responses to norepinephrine, and reduced pressor responses to hypothalamic stimulation and to vasopressin. The successful induction of diabetes was confirmed not only by the presence of hyperglycemia, hypoinsulinemia, glycosuria, and abnormal glucose tolerance, but also by reductions in pancreatic weight, insulin, and beta-cell content. Although our results suggest that diabetic rats are predisposed to become hypertensive, other mechanisms such as hypothalamic depression may be activated to restrict further elevations in blood pressure. PMID- 6218082 TI - Political contributions by Health PACs to the 96th Congress. PMID- 6218081 TI - An unusual cause of back pain in athletes. PMID- 6218083 TI - Factors contributing to the phenomenal growth of medicare expense for hospital based ambulatory care. PMID- 6218084 TI - The financial status of the new medical-industrial complex. PMID- 6218085 TI - Factors affecting the cost of hospital tax-exempt revenue bonds. PMID- 6218086 TI - Hospital cost containment in Rochester: from Maxicap to the hospital experimental payments program. PMID- 6218087 TI - Reducing hospital use in Iowa: a conceptual model. PMID- 6218088 TI - Providing affordable medical care in a Third World country: the case of Egypt. PMID- 6218089 TI - Patterns of interorganizational relationships between hospitals and HMOs. PMID- 6218090 TI - Physicians' perceptions about unnecessary diagnostic testing. PMID- 6218091 TI - Leishmaniasis in beige mice. AB - The courses of two protozoal diseases, cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis, were examined in three groups of C57BL/6J mice. One group of mice was homozygous recessive for the beige gene (bg/bg). Beige mice are the genetic homologue of the human Chediak-Higashi syndrome and, among other defects, are profoundly deficient in natural killer cell activity. Wild-type (+/+) mice, which respond to experimental cutaneous or visceral leishmaniasis by eventually eliminating their parasites, and heterozygous beige (bg/+) mice served as controls; both are phenotypically normal in natural killer cell activity, which is particularly high in the spleen. In bg/bg mice, the course of Leishmania tropica, a causative agent of cutaneous leishmaniasis, was similar to that in control mice after both primary and challenge inoculations. All groups of mice expressed similar humoral and cellular immune responses to L. tropica antigen. However, bg/bg mice failed to eliminate amastigotes of Leishmania donovani, a causative agent of visceral leishmaniasis, from their spleens over an observation period of 56 days, in contrast to bg/+ and +/+ controls. Similar levels of anti-leishmanial antibody were produced by all groups of mice, and all mice responded comparably to footpad injections of L. donovani antigen. The results of this study suggest a possible role for natural killer cells in recovery from L. donovani but not from L. tropica infection. PMID- 6218092 TI - Effect of a glucosyltransferase inhibitor on glucan synthesis and cellular adherence of Streptococcus mutans. AB - The effects of mutastein, a glucosyltransferase inhibitor derived from an Aspergillus terreus strain, on the glucan synthesis by glucosyltransferases of Streptococcus mutans and sucrose-dependent adherence of S. mutans cells were examined in vitro. The synthesis of insoluble glucan by crude glucosyltransferase of S. mutans strain B13 was markedly inhibited by mutastein at a final concentration of 10 micrograms of protein/ml. The synthesis of insoluble glucan adherent to glass surfaces was almost completely inhibited by mutastein at this concentration. In addition, mutastein inhibited the sucrose-dependent adherence to glass surfaces of resting and growing cells of various S. mutans strains. These results suggest that mutastein could be useful for controlling dental plaque and dental caries in vivo. PMID- 6218093 TI - Fate of Pasteurella hemolytica in conventionally raised and germfree mice. AB - When Pasteurella hemolytica was introduced into conventionally raised ICR mice by a variety of routes (intraperitoneal, aerogenic, and oral), the inoculum was rapidly eliminated, and none of the mice died. Even when the inoculum was injected intraperitoneally into sublethally irradiated (600 rads) mice, the organisms were eliminated rapidly unless suspended in 10% hog gastric mucin. When germfree ICR mice were orally infected with P. hemolytica, the infection established itself in the intestinal tract and spread to the mesenteric lymph nodes but did not progress beyond this point. Despite the inability of P. hemolytica to establish itself systemically, the organism multiplied freely in mouse blood and a homogenate of normal mouse lung in vitro. Normal mouse peritoneal macrophages could phagocytose P. hemolytica in vitro, although not as efficiently as the control Listeria monocytogenes suspensions. The addition of hyperimmune bovine serum (opsonin) to the P. hemolytica suspension increased phagocytosis but did not greatly affect the subsequent bactericidal activity of the macrophages in vitro. The reason for the lack of pathogenicity shown by P. hemolytica in normal mice remains enigmatic. PMID- 6218094 TI - Six widespread bacterial clones among Escherichia coli K1 isolates. AB - Variable properties among Escherichia coli isolates include serotype, electrophoretic migration of major outer membrane proteins, metabolic properties, production of hemolysin or colicin or both, and plasmid content. These characteristics were compared in E. coli strains of capsular types K1, K5, K92, and K100 and in non-encapsulated isolates. The 234 bacterial strains from the United States and Europe which we studied had been isolated from healthy or diseased individuals recently or as long ago as 1941. Regardless of source, most O7:K1, O16:K1, and O75:K100 isolates could be assigned to three unique, serotype specific groups, which were interpreted as representing three bacterial clones. Two bacterial (sub)clones each were discerned among the O18:K1 and O18:K5 isolates, and two further, distinct clones were discerned among the O1:K1 isolates. The implications of these results for epidemiological analyses and for virulence are discussed. PMID- 6218095 TI - Cryoglobulinaemia in a patient with Proteus mirabilis sepsis. AB - Mixed polyclonal cryoglobulinaemia was evidenced in a 49-year-old woman admitted to our hospital because of Proteus mirabilis sepsis associated with polyarthralgia and purpuric manifestations on the lower limbs. Cryoglobulins and circulating immune complexes decreased during the second week of illness and disappeared after recovery. CH50, C3 and properdin factor B, which were low during the early phase of the illness, returned to normal; C4 was normal throughout. The rapid clearance of cryoglobulins and immune complexes and the restoration of a normal complement profile might all be explained by the gradual elimination of P. mirabilis due to chemotherapeutic treatment. PMID- 6218096 TI - The acylureido penicillins mezlocillin and azlocillin in general and clinical practice. PMID- 6218097 TI - Mezlocillin and carbenicillin: a clinical comparison of serious systemic infections in surgical patients. AB - Eighty patients suffering from severe cases of systemic surgical infections were enrolled in a prospective, controlled randomized study to compare mezlocillin and carbenicillin. The daily dosage was chosen according to international recommendation, i.e. 4 g mezlocillin 6-hourly and 5 g carbenicillin 4-hourly. A clinical, bacteriological and combined "overall" evaluation was made. There was a distinct trend in favour of the mezlocillin group which was not statistically significant. The treatment was well tolerated; no side-effects were observed. PMID- 6218098 TI - Mezlocillin in serious surgical infections caused by carbenicillin-resistant bacteria. AB - Fifty-eight surgical patients suffering from severe bacterial infections caused by mezlocillin-sensitive, carbenicillin and/or gentamicin-resistant bacteria were treated with mezlocillin in 1980. At the end of therapy, the infection had been eliminated in 52 patients; they were cured. The remaining six did not need any additional antibacterial treatment. Sixty-two of the bacterial strains isolated had been eliminated, seven markedly reduced in number and three persisted. No development of resistance or side-effects was observed. A randomized comparative study was conducted at the same time. PMID- 6218099 TI - [Comparison of effect and tolerance of mezlocillin with carbenicillin in the treatment of bacterial infections]. AB - Of 60 patients who were suffering from bacterial infections, 30 were treated with mezlocillin and 30 with carbenicillin in a randomized study. The patients received the recommended daily doses of 16 g and 30 g, respectively. Clinical efficacy was found in all patients. Mezlocillin eliminated the strains more reliably than carbenicillin. The bacteriological success rate was 27/30 and 16/30, respectively. We should also take into account the fact that the six patients with cholecystitis who were treated with carbenicillin could not be controlled after treatment. PMID- 6218100 TI - [Mezlocillin in the antibiotic therapy of severe bacterial infections in visceral surgery]. AB - Fifty-six patients suffering from severe and very severe bacterial infections received additional antibacterial treatment with mezlocillin following abdominal or chest surgery. There were 18 intestinal-peritoneal infections, 15 pleuropulmonary infections, seven patients with sepsis, six localized abscesses and ten patients receiving perioperative application. In 36 patients treatment had to be initiated before the pathogens had been identified. Twenty patients received mezlocillin alone and 37 in combination with an aminoglycoside. The clinical course and laboratory data were recorded while the patients were receiving antibiotic therapy. In 43 of the 56 patients, most of whom were suffering from mixed infections caused by anaerobes and aerobes or from fecal infections, a cure without complications could be achieved. In six patients a generalized infection was reduced to a local one which could be cured. Eight patients died, six of their surgical primary disease and two of septic complications. Apart from four instances of phlebitis at the site of the infusion, no side-effects resulted from our antibiotic therapy. PMID- 6218102 TI - The treatment of surgical infections by deep intramuscular administration of mezlocillin. AB - Thirty adult inpatients were enrolled in an open multicenter study to determine the efficacy and tolerability of mezlocillin injected i.m. in surgical bacterial infections. Clinical, bacteriological and laboratory controls were performed. The infections were caused by gram-negative and/or gram-positive bacteria. Twenty seven patients were cured bacteriologically and clinically. One patient had a relapse and there was a failure in two. The local and systemic tolerance was very good. One patient experienced nausea, headache and intestinal pain on the second day of treatment. These symptoms subsided spontaneously shortly after mezlocillin treatment was discontinued. PMID- 6218101 TI - Empiric antibiotic treatment of infections in myelosuppressed cancer patients. Preliminary results. AB - A prospective, randomized study was performed to compare the efficacy and safety of mezlocillin plus sisomicin (Regimen A) and cefamandole plus tobramycin (Regimen B). Sixty-one episodes of documented infections were treated in 49 adult myelosuppressed cancer patients. About two-thirds of the patients treated with either regimen responded to this antibacterial therapy. The patients failing to respond to the initial therapy were treated with additional antibiotics, either with the empiric Regimen C (cefotaxime plus amikacin plus azlocillin) or with antibiotics selected on the basis of bacteriological results (Regimen D). With these schedules, the over-all response rate was increased to about 90%. The data suggest that febrile granulocytopenic cancer patients may profit from this empiric and sequential antibiotic treatment. PMID- 6218103 TI - Mezlocillin prophylaxis in biliary tract surgery. Results of a retrospective and a prospective trial. AB - We have evaluated the case histories of all patients who underwent surgery of the biliary tract in 1979. In that year every surgeon was able to administer antibiotics postoperatively whenever he considered it necessary. Of the 71 patients, 39% received postoperative antibiotic treatment. In 1980, 50 patients over the age of 50 received a 36-hour course of mezlocillin prophylaxis when they underwent surgery of the biliary tract, either as an elective or emergency operation. Only 8% of these patients required antibiotics postoperatively. In comparison to the 39% from 1979, this difference is highly significant statistically. This pilot study justifies further investigations to determine whether single-dose mezlocillin prophylaxis is able to reduce the incidence of infectious complications, the duration of the hospital stay and the total amount of antibiotics administered. PMID- 6218105 TI - [Mezlocillin in neonatal medicine]. AB - The acylureido penicillin mezlocillin was tested clinically and pharmacologically in neonates and young infants who received the antibiotic for prophylactic and therapeutic reasons. On the basis of blood level determinations following the administration of various dosages, we consider a dose of 200 mg/kg per day necessary for premature babies and 300-400 mg/kg per day for full-term babies. Pharmacokinetic data showed age-dependent features. The clinical results were good in 40 children treated with mezlocillin. Twenty of these children received a combination of mezlocillin and gentamicin. No child died of an infection. Therapy was not successful in three babies suffering from productive bronchopulmonary infections. Important side-effects were not observed. PMID- 6218106 TI - Acylureido penicillins in neonatal intensive care. Preliminary communication. AB - The antimicrobial sensitivity of 232 bacteria isolated from patients in a newborn intensive care unit was tested. Practically all organisms were sensitive to a combination of mezlocillin-aminoglycoside; a few were resistant to azlocillin aminoglycoside. Eighteen patients, all severely ill, were treated with the combination acylureidopenicillin-aminoglycoside. Nine patients died, eight due to non-infectious diseases and one very small premature baby due to Serratia marcescens meningitis. The other patients showed good clinical improvement. The only side-effect observed was a macular rash in one patient. PMID- 6218104 TI - [Systemic mezlocillin prophylaxis in elective colon surgery]. AB - A prospective randomized, controlled study comprising 100 patients was performed to evaluate the effect of mezlocillin given prophylactically in elective colon surgery. Fifty-two patients were treated and 48 served as controls. Both groups were well-matched for age, sex, disease and surgical procedure. 2 g of mezlocillin were given intravenously before surgery and then every eight hours until the fifth postoperative day. The concentrations of mezlocillin in serum and tissues were determined in 20 patients and related to the MICs of the contaminants and the bacteria isolated postoperatively. A significantly lower incidence of intra-abdominal complications, peritonitis, urinary tract infections and wound infections was found in the mezlocillin group (10%) than in the controls (46%). The average number of postoperative hospital days decreased significantly from 23 days in the control group to 19 days in the mezlocillin group. The analysis of the bacteriological results gave no indication of a selection of resistant strains due to the prophylactic use of mezlocillin. No side-effects were found in connection with mezlocillin prophylaxis. PMID- 6218107 TI - Acute gonorrhea treated with a single intramuscular dose of mezlocillin. AB - 151 patients with acute gonorrhea were included in the study. There were 137 cases of urethritis, seven cases of vulvovaginitis, six cases of pharyngitis and one case of proctitis. Five patients were given two i. m. injections of 1 g mezlocillin at an interval of 24 hours. The clinical symptoms had disappeared 24 hours after the first dose. 146 patients were then given single doses of mezlocillin intramuscularly (106 received 1 g, 40 received 2 g). The therapeutic results were confirmed by clinical and bacteriological examinations (urine culture, culture from swab exudate) after 96 hours and 30 days. The first control showed a cure rate of 100%. Thirteen of 133 patients had a reinfection at the second control. The mezlocillin infections were tolerated very well, both locally and generally. PMID- 6218108 TI - Mezlocillin in the treatment of gonorrhea. AB - Mezlocillin (2 g) was administered by a single intravenous injection to 32 male patients with gonorrheal urethritis and to five female patients with gonorrheal cervicitis, none of whom had received any pre-treatment or had had any complications. The results of the treatment were "good" in 32 cases (86.5%), "fair" in three (8.1%) and "poor" in two patients (5.4%). One of the two "poor" cases showed no sensitivity to any penicillin derivative. Nausea during injection was observed twice, but the patients recovered immediately after the injection. PMID- 6218109 TI - An assessment of the intramuscular and intravenous administration of mezlocillin in urinary tract infections. AB - The efficacy of mezlocillin in urinary tract infections was assessed using both the intramuscular and intravenous route. Patients with comparable diseases were divided into two groups. The microorganisms were sensitive to mezlocillin. Thirty patients were given i. m. doses and 20 i. v. doses. These patients had upper or lower urinary tract infections. The doses were 2 g i. v. or 1 g i. m. every eight hours. Treatment lasted for an average of six days. The MICs for mezlocillin were determined for the strains isolated, all of which were gram-negative organisms, with the exception of nine enterococci. In addition, sensitivity to cephalothin, carbenicillin and gentamicin was determined using the disc diffusion test. The geometric means of the MICs for mezlocillin were 3.85, 2.8 and 1.3 mg/l against Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis and enterococci, respectively. There were no marked differences in activity between the i. m. and i. v. routes on Days 1, 7, 14, 30 and 60 after treatment. There was a short-term cure rate of 79% with mezlocillin, independent of the route of administration; reinfections were observed in 8% of the cases and the infection persisted in 13%. There are no significant differences between our results and those from other studies on mezlocillin and piperacillin. There was no indication of toxicity, nor were there deviations in the haematological and biochemical parameters. One patient had severe pruritus following each i. m. injection; the treatment had to be discontinued. PMID- 6218110 TI - The treatment of uncomplicated urinary tract infections with mezlocillin. AB - Fourteen adult patients with uncomplicated urinary tract infections (UTI) caused by gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria were treated with 2 g mezlocillin daily by i. m. injection for an average of eight days. Clinical examinations were performed daily; bacteriological and laboratory controls (blood and urine) were made before and after treatment. The clinical results were very good in twelve patients, good in one and moderate in one. Bacteriological cure was obtained in twelve cases and a failure occurred in two. The local and general tolerance were excellent. PMID- 6218111 TI - [Pharmacokinetics and dosage of mezlocillin administered by intravenous infusion]. AB - Mezlocillin was administered to seven healthy adults by i. v. infusion at two different speeds. They received 1.6 g mezlocillin in five minutes with the initial loading infusion and 1.3 g mezlocillin in one hour with the following infusion. Our aim was to achieve a 100 mg/l steady state serum concentration. The mezlocillin concentrations in the serum averaged 118.7 (+/- 31.2) mg/l at the end of this infusion. Four hours later they were 2.79 (+/- 1.41) mg/l and after six hours 0.96 (+/- 0.93) mg/l. The urinary excretion during the six hours averaged 60.5% of the applied dose of 2.9 g mezlocillin. The pharmacokinetic parameters of mezlocillin were calculated automatically using a two-compartment model. The average values were the following: biological half-life (beta) 72.7 (+/- 26) minutes; total plasma clearance 2.447 (+/- 0.586) ml/s; distribution volume (Vd area) 15.30 (+/- 6.12) l, i. e. 0.21 l/kg. Deviations from the mezlocillin serum concentrations desired (100 mg/l) are explained by interindividual differences in the pharmacokinetic behaviour and by the use of a two-compartment model. PMID- 6218112 TI - [Mezlocillin concentrations in the serum of children with impaired renal function]. AB - Mezlocillin was administered as an intravenous bolus injection to eight children, aged 4-15, requiring antibiotic therapy; the dose was either 75 mg/kg or 37.5 mg/kg. All of the patients had advanced renal insufficiency. Five of the children required chronic intermittent hemodialysis. The microbiological method of Grove and Randall was used for the quantitative determination of mezlocillin in the serum. Ten minutes after the injection, the concentration of mezlocillin in the serum was approximately 90 mg/l and 40 mg/l, respectively. The determinations 30 and 60 minutes after the injection showed that the mezlocillin concentrations had fallen rapidly to approximately 30 mg/l and 20 mg/l, respectively. The mezlocillin concentrations were still approximately 2 mg/l and 1 mg/l, respectively, 12 hours after administration. For the period between 10 and 60 minutes, the half-lives were between 33 and 57 minutes. In general, we can conclude that a single bolus injection of 75 mg/kg will result in mezlocillin concentrations in the serum of uremic children which allow us to expect good antibacterial efficacy, at least for the first few hours following the injection. On the basis of our studies, half the dosage does not appear to be sufficient. PMID- 6218113 TI - [Mezlocillin concentrations in human lung tissue]. AB - The antibiotic concentrations were determined in 28 serum samples, 24 samples of lung parenchyma and 21 samples of the skeletal muscle from 28 patients who had undergone pneumonectomy. 5 g mezlocillin had been given i. v. as a bolus injection 30 to 150 minutes before sampling. The concentrations in the lung tissue were higher than the MICs for most bacteria for two hours. If a strain is less sensitive, a dose of more than 5 g is recommended. The concentrations in muscle tissue were also effective antibacterially. PMID- 6218114 TI - [Pharmacokinetic investigations on the penetration of mezlocillin into the pleural fluid]. AB - 5 g of mezlocillin were administered by a 30 minute drip infusion to each of ten patients (mean age 59.4 years). Antibiotic concentrations in serum and pleural fluid were assayed microbiologically at regular intervals. The antibiotic concentrations determined 1.5 and 8 hours after beginning the infusion were between 83.9 and 4.0 mg/l in the serum and 53.1 and 6.5 mg/l in the pleural fluid. A comparison of the mean antibiotic concentration found in the pleural secretions (22 mg/l) with the minimal inhibitory concentrations of clinically relevant pathogens shows that mezlocillin covers 69% to 84% of the pathogen spectrum. Mezlocillin can thus be used in the therapy of infectious pleural effusions. PMID- 6218115 TI - [Antibiotic concentrations in the abdominal cavity as basis for antibacterial therapy of peritonitis: penetration of mezlocillin into the peritoneal exudate]. AB - The importance of the antibiotic concentration in peritoneal exudate is emphasized as a criterium for the possible success of antibiotic therapy of intra abdominal infections. 5 g of mezlocillin were given i. v. over 15 min to ten patients with a mean age of 56 years. The serum concentrations, assayed microbiologically, were: 299.5 mg/l at the end of the infusion, 103.2 mg/l, 18.6 mg/l and 2.1 mg/l 60, 240 and 480 min after the end of the infusion, respectively. The serum half-life T1/2 beta, calculated from the beta phase, was 67 min. In the peritoneal fluid the peak concentration of Cp = 42.0 mg/l was achieved after 2.2 h. A quarter of this concentration was maintained in the peritoneal cavity for five to six hours. This concentration inhibited 74% of the 322 pathogens isolated from 123 intra-abdominal infections. PMID- 6218116 TI - [Mezlocillin and oxacillin concentrations in the bile of the choledochus]. AB - The purpose of this study was to determine the antibiotic concentrations in serum and bile one and two hours after the completion of a simultaneous short-term infusion of 4 g mezlocillin and 2 g oxacillin. Seven patients were studied. Bile was withdrawn from the bile duct by means of a Teflon catheter. The mean serum concentrations of mezlocillin were 130.4 mg/l and 60.8 mg/l one and two hours after the end of the infusion, respectively. The mean serum concentrations of oxacillin determined at the same times were 57.9 mg/l and 18.9 mg/l, respectively. The mean biliary levels of mezlocillin were 3215.6 mg/l and 2483.1 mg/l one and two hours after the end of the infusion, respectively. The corresponding mean biliary values for oxacillin were 497.3 mg/l and 205.5 mg/l. PMID- 6218117 TI - [Antibiotic concentrations in wound secretions and bone during the simultaneous administration of mezlocillin and oxacillin]. AB - Mezlocillin and oxacillin have been used in combination for short-term antibiotic prophylaxis in orthopedic surgery. Antibiotic concentrations were measured in serum, wound secretions from subcutaneous tubings and bone. Half an hour after the i. v. application of 4 g mezlocillin + 2 g oxacillin, the concentrations in wound secretions were 20% of the serum levels. After four hours the levels of both antibiotics in wound secretions increased to 2.66 times the serum levels of mezlocillin, and 5.37 times those of oxacillin. After eight hours the concentrations in wound secretions dropped to about one half, but remained well within therapeutic levels. The parallel course of the concentrations of both antibiotics in wound secretions indicates that mezlocillin and oxacillin have very similar half-lives in wound secretions, although the serum half-lives (t 50% beta) of the two antibiotics are different. The concentrations obtained from cancellous bone were approximately. 10% of the serum levels one to two hours after the antibiotic infusion. PMID- 6218118 TI - Pharmacokinetic studies of azlocillin, mezlocillin, cephalothin and sisomicin in rabbits. AB - Pharmacokinetic parameters of two new acylureido penicillins (azlocillin and mezlocillin) and of cephalothin and sisomicin were compared in rabbits after the subcutaneous administration of 50 mg or 100 mg. It was found that the highest serum level of the antibiotics was reached 15 to 30 min after administration. Only sisomicin, applied in a higher dosage, reached its peak value after 60 min. The half-lives for azlocillin and mezlocillin were 1.35 h and 1.38 h, respectively. The half-lives for cephalothin and sisomicin were 0.65 h and 5.7 h, respectively. PMID- 6218119 TI - [Studies with azlocillin, mezlocillin, penicillin-g-potassium and sisomicin on tolerance in the cornea and the kinetics of inhibiting concentrations in the cornea and aqueous humor in rabbits]. AB - We studied the effect of azlocillin, mezlocillin and sisomicin in concentrations of 1, 2.5 and 5% on the regeneration of stromal corneal wounds in rabbits following subconjunctival injections and treatment with eye drops. Concentrations of the antibiotics were also determined in corneal tissue and in aqueous humor and compared with that of penicillin G-potassium. Together with azlocillin, sisomicin proved to be the most effective and the safest. Mezlocillin only inhibited wound regeneration slightly and thus mezlocillin appears to be inferior to the other two antibiotics investigated in the local treatment of the eye. PMID- 6218120 TI - [In vitro effect of acylureido penicillins and mezlocillin on anaerobic sporeless gram-negative rods of genus Bacteroides]. AB - 313 anaerobic gram-negative rods of the Bacteroides genus isolated from 295 clinical specimens were tested for their sensitivity to azlocillin and mezlocillin using the dilution method with agar plates. 25 mg/l of azlocillin inhibited 80.2% of the strains and the same concentration of mezlocillin inhibited 86.9%. The somewhat higher in vitro activity of mezlocillin is also seen by the lower mean minimal inhibitory concentration, which is approx. 23.6 mg/l for mezlocillin and 27.6 mg/l for azlocillin. The highest resistance for both drugs were found with B. distasonis (14 strains), followed by B. thetaiotaomicron (63 strains), B. fragilis (161 strains) and B. uniformis (7 strains). The good sensitivity of strains belonging to the B. melaninogenicus group corresponds to the well-known sensitivity of these micro-organisms to penicillins. On the basis of a "break point" of 25 mg/l, a decrease in the proportion of sensitive strains was found between 1974 and 1979. 50 mg/l, a concentration which can be maintained over a longer period of time if applied in a suitable manner, will inhibit 97.4% (azlocillin) and 98.4% (mezlocillin) of the strains. Thus in our opinion azlocillin and especially mezlocillin are suitable drugs for the initial therapy of pyogenous infections in which intestinal Bacteroidaceae are of pathogenic significance. PMID- 6218122 TI - [Are sick or disabled children handicapped at play?]. PMID- 6218121 TI - Complementary activity of mezlocillin and the combination of amoxicillin with clavulanic acid on Enterobacteriaceae. AB - The MICs of amoxicillin, mezlocillin and BRL 25,000, a combination of two parts amoxicillin and one part clavulanic acid (2AM + 1CA), were measured for 331 Enterobacteriaceae strains which produced beta-lactamases as demonstrated by nitrocefin. The MIC values for mezlocillin and the combination 2AM + 1CA were very similar for the total number of the strains investigated. When investigated separately according to the bacterial species, three different sensitivity groups were established for the above-mentioned preparations: 1) species with the same or similar sensitivity to mezlocillin and 2AM + 1CA (Escherichia coli and Shigella spp., amoxicillin-resistant strains); 2) species which were more sensitive to mezlocillin than to the combination 2AM + 1CA (Citrobacter spp., Enterobacter cloacae, Serratia spp. and indole-positive Proteus as well as strains of E. coli and Shigella spp. which produce a cephalosporinase and are sensitive to amoxicillin); 3) species which are more sensitive to 2AM + 1CA than to mezlocillin (amoxicillin-resistant Salmonella spp., Proteus mirabilis and Klebsiella pneumoniae). This complementary activity of mezlocillin and 2AM + 1CA against Enterobacteriaceae depended on the beta-lactamases produced. PMID- 6218123 TI - Detection of antibodies interacting with glycosaminoglycan polysulfate in patients treated with heparin or other polysulfated glycosaminoglycans. AB - A new method has been developed for the demonstration of the antibody nature of a factor occurring in some patients during treatment with heparin or other polysulfated glycosaminoglycans (GAGPS). So far, antibodies reacting with GAGPS, except heparin, have not been described. We used heparin- or GAGPS-coated normal blood group O thrombocytes for the detection of suspected antibodies. After addition of patients' plasma or serum to a suspension of purified heparin- or GAGPS-coated platelets, agglutination was determined microscopically. In indirect immunofluorescence, positive staining of agglutinated platelets was observed with fluorescein isothiocyanate anti-Ig and anti-IgG conjugates, but not with anti-IgA or anti-IgM, with one exception in which IgM antibodies were also involved. Binding of complement was also shown using a tetramethylrhodamin isothiocyanate labelled anti-C3 conjugate in double-staining experiments. Fibronectin could be excluded as a possible factor responsible for thrombocyte agglutination. PMID- 6218124 TI - Inhibition of lymphoid cell DNA synthesis by metal allergens at various concentrations. Effect on short-time cultured nonadherent cells compared to nonseparated cells. AB - Metal allergen concentrations inhibiting lymphoid cell DNA synthesis were tested on short-time cultured nonadherent and nonseparated thymic and splenic cells. With all tested metal allergens, the DNA-synthesis-inhibiting effect was more marked for nonadherent compared to nonseparated splenic cells. In thymocytes, a stronger inhibition of nonadherent cells was seen after addition of mercuric chloride. A protective or modifying role of adherent cells towards inhibiting or toxic effects of metal allergens in vitro is postulated. PMID- 6218125 TI - Effect of interleukin 2 on cytotoxic effectors: I. Short-term culture of the cytotoxic effectors and the in vivo anti-tumor activity of the cultured effectors isolated from tumor site. AB - The effects of interleukin 2 (IL2) on the in vitro and in vivo activity of cytotoxic T cells have been studied. IL2 was produced by W/Fu rat spleen cells cultured with concanavalin A. The IL2 thus prepared gave an optimal T-cell growth promoting effect at a concentration of 5-20% equivalents of the original preparation. In the primary syngeneic mixed lymphocyte/tumor cell cultures (MLTC) against FBL-3 tumor cells, the addition of IL2 failed to generate a cytotoxic response. However, the cytotoxic response could be generated in MLTC by addition of exogenous macrophages. On the other hand, IL2 could maintain the growth of performed cytotoxic T cells for 3 to 5 weeks. These cytotoxic T cells were generated either by in vitro sensitization (MLC or MLTC) or by in vivo sensitization of B6 mice against a syngeneic tumor FBL-3. In short-term cultures, augmentation of the cytotoxic activity was seen after 10 days' culturing with IL2. The antigenic specificity of the cytotoxic reaction was altered after 28-35 days in culture, and the effectors broadly reactive. When growing a nonadherent population of lymphocytes isolated from FBL-3 ascites tumor, supplementation with IL2 selectively promoted the growth of a T-cell population, resulting in the elimination of the contaminating tumor cells. These purified T cells were highly cytotoxic for FBL-3 cells in vitro and also possessed strong in vivo anti-tumor activity against FBL-3 cells in the adoptive transfer experiments. The present study demonstrates that short-term culture (2-3 weeks) in IL2 promotes the growth of T cells and augments their cytotoxic activity with the appropriate antigenic specificity. IL2 also promoted the selective growth of T cells isolated from tumor site and these T cells showed augmented in vitro and in vivo anti-tumor activity. PMID- 6218126 TI - The partial reformulation of a traumatic memory of a dental phobia during trance: a case study. PMID- 6218127 TI - Dapsone for the treatment of vesiculo-bullous and pustular diseases. PMID- 6218128 TI - Dapsone--other indications. PMID- 6218129 TI - Myocardial ischemia and tooth extractions: comparison of old myocardial infarction, angina pectoris, and non-specific ischemic heart disease. AB - The non-specific IHD group showed the highest RPP values, while the angina pectoris group showed the lowest. The result coincided with electrocardiographic findings--non-specific IHD revealed 70% of ECG change, while in angina pectoris, the incidence was 33%. The myocardial infarction group showed intermediate values in both RPP and ECG change. The RPP ratio (RPP at each treatment period/value at pretreatment) was the highest at the anesthetic period for all kinds of IHD. No further severe findings were observed in the myocardial infarction groups, nor in the angina pectoris group, when comparing the clinical parameters, such as anesthetic solution, diazepam, time required for treatment, blood pressure, heart rate, and electrocardiographic observations with those of the non-specific IHD group. PMID- 6218130 TI - Depressed DNaseI inhibitor activity and delayed DNA damage in X-irradiated thymocytes. PMID- 6218131 TI - Trisomy 21. An international symposium. Rapallo, Italy, November 8-10, 1979. PMID- 6218132 TI - Nondisjunction. PMID- 6218133 TI - Gene mapping and chromosome 21: history and methodology. PMID- 6218134 TI - Structural variation of chromosome 21 and symptoms of Down's syndrome. AB - The analysis of the fine structure of the chromatids permits the identification of different regions on the long arm of chromosome 21. The preponderant role of the distal third of the long arm in the syndrome of trisomy 21 is now well established. Thus, trisomy of only band 21q22 results in a state identical to that caused by complete trisomy 21. If the trisomy involves only a part of band 21q22, the intensity of the symptoms is diminished, but the appearance of the patient is still reminiscent of Down's syndrome. Monosomy for band 21q22 results in a pathologic condition in which the morphological anomalies are the inverse of those observed in trisomic patients. This syndrome, as a "contre-type" to trisomy 21, is lethal. Trisomy of the proximal long arm region of chromosome 21 (21q21 leads to 21q22) is not associated with malformations but is accompanied by mental retardation. Monosomy of the same region results in a pathologic condition, which does not have features of the contre-type of trisomy 21. PMID- 6218135 TI - Prenatal losses of trisomy 21. AB - Various cytogenetic studies of early spontaneous abortions have observed trisomy 21 in about 3% of the abortuses. Analyses of prenatal diagnosis performed during the 17th week of gestation and observations on late spontaneous abortions and perinatal deaths have also shown the importance of lethal trisomy 21 in the second half of pregnancy. From these studies, it can be estimated that at least four-fifths of conceptuses with trisomy 21 fail to survive. One important question is why the same chromosome anomaly in a zygote can lead either to an early arrest of development or to a liveborn infant. Pathologic examinations of spontaneously aborted embryos with trisomy 21 have rarely shown malformations that can explain the death of the embryo, but macroscopic and microscopic examinations of their placentas show growth retardation and hypoplasia. Analysis of in vitro growth characteristics of cell lines established from tissues of trisomy 21 embryos have demonstrated differences in cell population doubling times; this may explain variations in the developmental potentials of conceptuses with trisomy 21. PMID- 6218136 TI - Incidence of Down's syndrome in Sweden during the years 1968-1977. AB - The incidence of Down's syndrome has been studied among children born in Sweden during the years 1968-1977. The risk for mothers of different ages of bearing such a child did not change during these years. This does not exclude that a change in incidence might have occurred in smaller areas of the country but escaped detection for statistical reasons. A higher than expected number of children with Down's syndrome were born in a few communities, which most likely is a chance event. No correlation could be detected between the incidence of Down's syndrome and a number of socioeconomic variables. The correlation with maternal age was studied in detail. There was a significant excess of males among both the newborn children with Down's syndrome and fetuses with trisomy 21 aborted after prenatal diagnosis. A similar tendency was found among the cases with a chromosome mosaicism but not among those with a translocation. Two hypotheses are put forward to explain the excess of males with trisomy 21. PMID- 6218137 TI - Epidemiology of trisomy 21: population, peri- and antenatal data. AB - In Down's syndrome, incidence of 1 0/00-2 0/00 have been reported in chromosomal surveys of consecutive liveborn infants and in population studies. Much attention has been focused on the influence of the decline in mean maternal age on the incidence of Down's syndrome. Decline in incidence and unchanged incidences have been reported. For mothers over 35 years old, a rise in incidence has been found in recent years in some societies. Environmental factors or seasonal fluctation might cause this trend. Data from antenatal diagnosis show a 30% higher incidence of Down's syndrome for age groups over 35 than population studies do. Late abortions of trisomic fetuses, a high perinatal mortality, and a small rise in incidence for higher maternal ages in recent years may account for this fact. With the growing tendency toward younger maternal age at childbirth, paternal factors also have to be considered. Between 10% and 30% paternal failures have been found by nondisjunction studies applying chromosomal variants. The rate of paternal failures may reflect environmental influences and young maternal age distribution. Recently, an increase in trisomy 21 children of mothers in the age group 30-39 who are pill users has been observed. The positive sex ratio of male Down's syndrome patients has been reversed in patients born to mothers using hormonal contraception. The mortality rate, in Down's syndrome is still high in early childhood, especially perinatally and in the 1st year of life. For the late 1940s in Denmark, newborns with Down's syndrome had a mortality rate of 53% in the 1st year of life. In the late 1960s and early 1970s, the rate had fallen to 22%. The main causes of death were congenital heart disease in connection with infections, especially pneumonia. Cot death might be more common in Down's syndrome. After the age of 1 year, mortality is reduced considerably and more and more cases will survive early childhood and live to rather old ages. PMID- 6218138 TI - Clinical aspects of Down's syndrome from infancy to adult life. AB - Clinical pictures of mongoloid persons are demonstrated during different phases of life, with particular reference to the later one. Psychological and intellectual problems, immunologic deficiencies, and early aging are discussed. Histopathologic changes in the thymus are demonstrated. Because of the early aging of mongoloids, we examined the blood serum triglycerides, the cholesterol, and the LDL- and HDL-cholesterol in Down's syndrome. PMID- 6218139 TI - Down's syndrome: problems of immunodeficiency. AB - The high susceptibility to infections, malignancies, and autoimmune disorders of subjects with Down's syndrome (DS) is associated with laboratory and pathological evidence of immunodeficiency. The percentage of circulating T-lymphocytes is indeed low from birth, and lymphocyte proliferative response to mitogens, normal during the 1st decade of life, declines rapidly thereafter. There is indirect evidence that T-lymphocyte maturation is impaired in DS; furthermore, the thymus is morphologically deranged and there is recent direct evidence that serum levels of thymic hormones are low. It is suggested that the immunodeficiency of DS results from a defect limited primarily to the epithelial cells of the thymus which fail to synthesize or secrete one or more hormones necessary for the differentiation of T-lymphocytes. PMID- 6218140 TI - Dermatoglyphic peculiarities in Down's syndrome detection of mosaicism and balanced translocation carriers. AB - The combination of dermatoglyphic patterns and the number and intensity of traits characteristic for Down's syndrome can be statistically expressed by the "Walker" index and the "general" index. More than 96% of a Down's syndrome series and a control series could clearly be separated by the general index. Cytogenetic and dermatoglyphic features were studied in 17 patients with mosaic trisomy 21 and their parents. In the 17 cytogenetically diagnosed patients with mosaic Down's syndrome, a highly significant correlation was observed between the percentage of trisomic cells and the presence of traits characteristic for this syndrome in the dermatoglyphic patterns. The diagnostic problems and the value of dermatoglyphic examination in cases of mosaicism, where the trisomic cell line seems to have disappeared, is discussed. The results of our study also indicate an elevated incidence of a specific dermatoglyphic pattern combination with general index values similar to Down's syndrome in one parent in nearly 20% of Down's syndrome children. The possibility of hidden mosaicism in these parents of Down's syndrome children is discussed. Furthermore, the dermatoglyphic patterns in a large kindred with an inherited 15/21 translocation (21/41 carriers of the balanced translocation; 14/41 chromosomally normal; 6/41 mongoloid members) was analyzed. The data obtained from this translocation family and especially the values obtained in the general index indicate that some dermatoglyphic stigmata are directly associated with the D/21 translocation carrier state and can therefore be used for predicting this state. PMID- 6218142 TI - Down's syndrome and the family. PMID- 6218141 TI - Pathology of trisomy 21--with particular reference to persistent common atrioventricular canal of the heart. AB - While certain external anomalies are specific and almost constant features in Down's syndrome, internal anomalies seem to be more variable in terms of frequency and severity. They may affect any organ system and are more often of minor clinical significance. However, severe malformations may occur. When they affect the cardiovascular system, postnatal survival is impaired, which is responsible for a distinctly higher incidence of cardiac and other malformations in younger children or neonates with Down's syndrome. Fetuses with trisomy 21 at midterm pregnancy show even more frequent manifestation of developmental disorders suggesting an increased spontaneous abortion rate in the second half of pregnancy. The analysis of malformations and minor anomalies in Down's syndrome compared to those of other chromosomal aberrations shows no absolute specificity but a tendency for certain developmental disturbances. These are characterized not so much by the organ system involved, but much more by the time in which the disturbance of a developmental process becomes evident, thus influencing type and localization of an anomaly. Particular reference is made to anomalies of the cardiovascular and cerebral system. PMID- 6218143 TI - Asking for a prenatal diagnosis after the birth of a child with Down's syndrome. AB - Three years ago we undertook, in collaboration with Andre and Joelle Boue (Inserm U 73), a research project investigating the psychological aspects of prenatal diagnosis following the earlier birth (and sometimes death) of a child with Down's syndrome. For this study we selected 20 couples who had requested such an examination. These couples present some particularities which justified, in our opinion, a specific study. In a few cases, one of the parents happened to be a carrier of a balanced chromosome translocation, but usually the trisomy was free. Moreover, the mother's age did not increase the risk factor. Our investigation was carried out on the basis of a series of one or several interviews, the man and the woman being seen separately. These unstructured interviews, with the fewest possible questions and interventions on our part, were tape-recorded with the permission of our subjects. We then analyzed the precise content of the typed texts of the these interviews. Two main topics emerged from this analysis: 1) The extreme impact of the birth of a child with Down's syndrome and the place and role of such a child in the family's life, and 2) The relationship between the parents and physician before and after the birth, including the request for a prenatal diagnosis. PMID- 6218144 TI - 20 years later. AB - A systematic review of the biochemical troubles associated with Trisomy 21 lead to three constatations: 1) There must be an important perturbation of the oxygen metabolism (Excess of S.O.D.I. and of G.P.X.) 2) There is probably a shift in the regulation of non essential amino acids (Comparison with other forms of mental deficiencies) 3) In conformity with a general hypothesis, an abnormality of the monocarbon metabolism could be the consequence of 1) and 2) and could represent the actual cause of mental deficiency. PMID- 6218145 TI - [Effect of 13-cis-retinoic acid on hair growth]. PMID- 6218146 TI - [Recent advances in American dermatology]. PMID- 6218147 TI - [Treatment of gonorrhea in dermatological practice. Results of a survey]. AB - A questionnaire on the treatment of gonorrhea was sent to 1,560 dermato venereologists practicing in the Federal Republic of Germany. Nine hundred sixty dermatologists returned the questionnaire. More than 60% of them examine less than 50 patients with gonorrhea per year; 44% treated the gonorrhea with spectinomycin, 42% with penicillin. Single dose treatment is used by approximately half of the dermatologists, but only 4% use single dose treatment with penicillin/probenecid. One case of lethal allergic shock to penicillin is reported to have occurred in 1980. PMID- 6218148 TI - [Gottron's erythroderma congenitalis progressiva symmetrica]. AB - Two patients with erythrokeratoderma are observed, a mother aged 42 and her 16 year-old son. In both cases the dermatosis started on the 40th day after birth and covered slowly and symmetrically the lower and upper limbs as well as the face. The two patients underwent two different treatments: the mother was treated with aromatic retinoid for 8 weeks; the son with PUVA therapy for a total of 63 J/cm2 UVA. With both methods it was possible to obtain good results. However, the results were better with PUVA therapy. PMID- 6218149 TI - In vitro reversal of mercury inactivated renal dehydrogenases by EDTA in a fish Channa Punctatus. PMID- 6218150 TI - Effect of pressure applied to the upper thoracic (placebo) versus lumbar areas (osteopathic manipulative treatment) for inhibition of lumbar myalgia during labor. PMID- 6218151 TI - Variability of fiber type distributions within human muscles. AB - The variability of fiber type distributions between different regions of the same human muscle is believed to be small, based on the sampling of between two and four sites. The objective of the present investigation was to determine the variability of slow-twitch (ST) and fast-twitch (FT) fiber distributions using a more extensive sampling technique than those previously employed. The soleus, biceps, triceps, and vastus lateralis muscles were excised from each of four young men who had died suddenly. Between 13 and 17 sites were sampled from each of the muscles; 3 transverse areas were then examined within each sample. Fiber type distributions were determined from photographs of sections stained for myofibrillar adenosine triphosphatase at pH 10.3, 10.0, or 4.3. The numbers of fibers counted in the four muscles ranged between a mean of 13,660 and a mean of 21,601. The variability in fiber type distributions observed between sites and areas within a site were statistically greater (P less than 0.01) than could be expected from muscles whose fiber type distributions are equally distributed throughout the muscle. It was concluded that sampling between 3 and 5 sites in the different muscles was necessary to reduce the between-site standard deviation to 5%. PMID- 6218152 TI - A feedback system to control blood flow in dog lung lobes. AB - We have developed an electromechanical feedback system to control blood flow to the lower left lung lobe of dogs. Blood flow is measured with an electromagnetic flowmeter. The feedback system compares the blood flow signal to an adjustable reference voltage and causes a motor to turn. The direction of motor rotation depends on the relative magnitude of the flow signal and the reference. The motor pushes the plunger of a syringe that is attached to a balloon in the right pulmonary artery. Inflation of the balloon causes increased blood flow to the lower left lobe. We have used the system to control lobe blood flow in three dogs. PMID- 6218153 TI - The number and distribution of muscle spindles in human intrinsic postvertebral muscles. AB - Serial transverse sections of intrinsic postvertebral muscles of a 21 weeks old human fetus were studied after staining with haematoxylin and eosin, Van Gieson's stain with Weigert's haematoxylin, and Glees' silver impregnation technique. Muscle spindles have been demonstrated throughout the entire length of the intrinsic postvertebral muscles. The total numbers of spindles on the right and left sides were determined. Using a special technique of graphic reconstruction, the locations of spindles within these muscles were plotted. Regional differences in the numbers and distribution of spindles were noted. The significance of these findings has been discussed. PMID- 6218154 TI - Identification and localization of enzymes of the fumarate reductase and nitrate respiration systems of escherichia coli by crossed immunoelectrophoresis. AB - Crossed immunoelectrophoresis was used to analyze the components of membrane vesicles of anaerobically grown Escherichia coli. The number of precipitation lines in the crossed immunoelectrophoresis patterns of membrane vesicles isolated from E. coli grown anaerobically on glucose plus nitrate and on glycerol plus fumarate were 83 and 70, respectively. Zymogram staining techniques were used to identify immunoprecipitates corresponding to nitrate reductase, formate dehydrogenase, fumarate reductase, and glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase in crossed immunoelectrophoresis reference patterns. The identification of fumarate reductase by its succinate oxidizing activity was confirmed with purified enzyme and with mutants lacking or overproducing this enzyme. In addition, precipitation lines were found for hydrogenase, cytochrome oxidase, the membrane-bound ATPase, and the dehydrogenases for succinate, malate, dihydroorotate, D-lactate, 6 phosphogluconate, and NADH. Adsorption experiments with intact and solubilized membrane vesicles showed that fumarate reductase, hydrogenase, glycerol-3 phosphate dehydrogenase, nitrate reductase, and ATPase are located at the inner surface of the cytoplasmic membrane; on the other hand, the results suggest that formate dehydrogenase is a transmembrane protein. PMID- 6218155 TI - Bacteriophage lambda receptor protein in Escherichia coli K-12: lowered affinity of some mutant proteins for maltose-binding protein in vitro. AB - Mutant and wild-type LamB proteins (phage lambda receptor proteins) were purified by affinity chromatography with immobilized maltose-binding protein, and their transport functions were tested in reconstituted liposomes. Two mutant proteins exhibited a marked decrease in affinity for immobilized maltose-binding protein, as well as altered transport rates. PMID- 6218156 TI - Cloning and expression of the cloacin DF13/aerobactin receptor of Escherichia coli (ColV-K30). AB - A DNA fragment derived from the ColV-K30 plasmid and coding for both sensitivity to cloacin DF13 and Fe3+-aerobactin uptake was cloned into pBR322. The cloned fragment coded for two polypeptides with molecular masses of 74,000 (the cloacin DF13/aerobactin receptor protein) and 50,000 daltons, respectively. When grown with sufficient iron, cells harboring pFS8 (with this fragment) possessed about 10 times as many receptor protein molecules as compared with cells of Escherichia coli (ColV-K30). The synthesis of the receptor protein specified by pFS8, however, was independent of the availability of iron, in contrast to strains harboring the intact ColV-K30 plasmid. Aerobactin was taken up but not synthesized by cells harboring pFS8. No growth occurred when iron-starved cultures of these cells were incubated with Fe3+-aerobactin, suggesting that expression of other ColV-K30-encoded genes is necessary to remove the iron from the Fe3+-aerobactin complex. PMID- 6218157 TI - [Electromyographic study of the fiber density in the anterior tibial muscle in young patients with low backache]. PMID- 6218158 TI - Reactions of a fluorescent ATP analog, 2'-(5-dimethyl-aminonaphthalene-1 sulfonyl) amino-2'-deoxyATP, with E. coli F1-ATPase and its subunits: the roles of the high affinity binding site in the alpha subunit and the low affinity binding site in the beta subunit. AB - We performed kinetic studies on the reactions of a fluorescent ATP analog, 2'-(5 dimethyl-aminonaphthalene-1-sulfonyl) amino-2'-deoxyATP (DNS-ATP), with E. coli F1-ATPase (EF1) and its subunits, to clarify the role of each subunit in the ATPase reaction. The following results were obtained. 1. One mol of EF1, which contains nonexchangeable 2 mol ATP and 0.5 mol ADP, binds 3 mol of DNS-ATP. The apparent dissociation constant, in the presence of Mg2+, was 0.23 microM. Upon binding, the fluorescence intensity of DNS-ATP at 520 nm increased exponentially with t1/2 of 35 s, and reached 3.5 times the original fluorescence level. Following the fluorescence increase, DNS-ATP was hydrolyzed, and the fluorescence intensity maintained its enhanced level. 2. The addition of an excess of ATP over the EF1-DNS-nucleotide complex, in the presence of Mg2+, decreased the fluorescence intensity rapidly, indicating the acceleration of DNS-nucleotide release from EF1. ADP and GTP also decreased the fluorescence intensity. 3. DCCD markedly inhibited the accelerating effect of ATP on DNS-nucleotide release from EF1 and the EF1-DNS-ATPase or -ATPase activity in a steady state. On the other hand, DCCD only slightly inhibited the fluorescence increase of DNS-ATP, due to its binding to EF1, and the rate of single cleavage of 1 mol of DNS-ATP per mol of alpha subunit of EF1. 4. In the presence of Mg2+, 0.65-0.82 mol of DNS-ATP binds to 1 mol of the isolated alpha subunit of EF1 with an apparent dissociation constant of 0.06-0.07 microM. Upon binding, the fluorescence intensity of DNS-ATP at 520 nm increased 1.55 fold very rapidly (t1/2 less than 1 s). No hydrolysis of DNS-ATP was observed upon the addition of the isolated alpha subunit. The fluorescence intensity of DNS-ATP was unaffected by the addition of the isolated beta subunit. DNS-ATP was also unhydrolyzed by the isolated beta subunit. 5. EF1 ATPase was reconstituted from alpha, beta, and gamma subunits in the presence of Mg2+ and ATP. The kinetic properties of the fluorescence change of DNS-ATP in the reaction with the reconstituted EF1-ATPase were quite similar to those of native EF1. Most of our findings are consistent with a simple mechanism that the high affinity catalytic site and low affinity regulatory site exist in the alpha subunit and beta subunit, respectively. However, the findings mentioned in (4) suggest that the binding of the alpha and beta subunit, which is mediated by the gamma subunit, induces conformational change(s) in the ATP binding site located probably in the alpha subunit, and that the conformational change(s) is essential to exert the full hydrolyzing activity. PMID- 6218159 TI - Detection of the conformational change in the catalytic site of adenosine triphosphatase from beef liver mitochondria by affinity labeling with the dialdehyde derivative of ethenoadenosine triphosphate. AB - Beef liver mitochondrial F1ATPase was inactivated by the 2',3'-dialdehyde derivative of ethenoATP (epsilon ATP) in a pseudo-first order reaction. The kinetics of protection of the enzyme against inactivation by various nucleoside triphosphates (NTPs) revealed that the dial-epsilon ATP was bound to the catalytic site as an affinity label. Certain anions (sulfate or bicarbonate) were ineffective for protection. In the early phase of the reaction, inactivation was due to the binding of 1 mol dial-epsilon ATP per mol enzyme. In this phase, dial epsilon ATP bound exclusively to the subunit beta of the enzyme, indicating that the catalytic site is in this subunit. The fluorescence of the ethenoadenosine moiety, bound exclusively to the subunit beta of the enzyme, was measured as a conformational probe of the catalytic site region. Addition of ATP or CTP to the labeled enzyme resulted in a decrease in the fluorescence intensity. GTP and other NTPs were less effective than ATP or CTP. The anions (sulfate of bicarbonate) suppressed the ability of ATP to decrease the fluorescence in a competitive manner. Quantitative analysis of these fluorescence changes suggested that they might originate from the binding of the NTP to the regulatory site of the enzyme. These findings are in good agreement with the two-site model proposed by us (Wakagi, T. & Ohta, T. (1981) J. Biochem. 89, 1205) which was deduced from the steady state kinetics of the NTPase reactions catalyzed by the F1ATPase. PMID- 6218160 TI - Molecular properties and functions in vitro of chicken smooth-muscle alpha actinin in comparison with those of striated-muscle alpha-actinins. AB - alpha-Actinin purified from chicken gizzard smooth muscle was characterized in comparison with alpha-actinins from chicken striated muscles, or fast-skeletal muscle, slow-skeletal muscle, and cardiac muscle. The gizzard alpha-actinin molecule consisted of two apparently identical subunits with a molecular weight of 100,000 on SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, as do striated-muscle alpha actinins. Its isoelectric points in the presence of urea were similar to the striated-muscle counterparts. Despite these similarities, distinctive amino acid sequences between smooth-muscle alpha-actinin and striated-muscle alpha-actinins were revealed by peptide mapping using limited proteolysis in SDS. Gizzard alpha actinin was immunologically distinguished from striated-muscle alpha-actinins. Gizzard alpha-actinin formed bundles of gizzard F-actin as well as of skeletal muscle F-actin, but could not form any cross-bridges between adjacent actin filaments under conditions where skeletal-muscle alpha-actinin could. Temperature dependent competition between gizzard alpha-actinin and tropomyosin on binding to gizzard thin filaments was demonstrated by electron microscopic observations. Gizzard alpha-actinin promoted Mg2+-ATPase activity of reconstituted skeletal actomyosin, gizzard acto-skeletal myosin, and gizzard actomyosin. This promoting effect was depressed by the addition of gizzard tropomyosin. These findings imply that, despite structural differences between gizzard and striated-muscle alpha actinin molecules, they function similarly in vitro, and that gizzard alpha actinin can interact not only with smooth-muscle actin (gamma- and beta-actin) but also with skeletal-muscle actin (alpha-actin). PMID- 6218161 TI - Molecular weight and subunit stoichiometry of the chloroplast coupling factor 1 from Chlamydomonas reinhardi. AB - The molecular weight of the Chlamydomonas reinhardi coupling factor 1 (CF1) is 4.2 X 10(5) as determined by gel exclusion chromatography and sedimentation equilibrium. In addition, a measured sedimentation coefficient of 12.9 S results in a calculated molecular weight of 3.9 X 10(5). These molecular weight estimates are too high to support an alpha 2 beta 2-type subunit stoichiometry and are suggestive of an alpha 3 beta 3-type enzyme. The subunit stoichiometry of the C. reinhardi CF1 was determined from the distribution of label into the subunits of uniformly labeled CF1. An alpha: beta: gamma: epsilon ration of 2.9:2.9:1:1 was obtained. PMID- 6218162 TI - Hemoglobin-binding site on haptoglobin probed by selective proteolysis. AB - Selective proteolysis has been used to delineate the hemoglobin-binding site on haptoglobin heavy chain. Haptoglobin was cleaved specifically by plasmin, trypsin, chymotrypsin, staphylococcal protease, and thermolysin. Haptoglobin hemoglobin complex was treated with these enzymes to determine which sites were protected from cleavage by the hemoglobin. The modified haptoglobins were tested for changes in their hemoglobin and hemoglobin alpha chain-binding properties. The sites of proteolytic cleavage were identified from the newly generated NH2 termini by automated Edman degradation amino acid-sequencing techniques. The results suggest that residues 128 through 131, 136 and 137, as well as 9 and 10 of the heavy chain may be involved in the binding of hemoglobin. On the other hand, residues 159 and 160, which lie in the 17-residue additional loop that is unique to haptoglobin among its homologous serine protease family, and residues 73 and 74, which lie close to the carbohydrate-binding residues, appear to be remote from the hemoglobin-binding site. PMID- 6218163 TI - The binding properties of human complement component C1q. Interaction with mucopolysaccharides. AB - Quantitative measurements have been made of the interaction of human complement subcomponent C1q with mucopolysaccharides. The binding of C1q to heparin was quantitatively examined by utilizing an assay that employs a 125I-labeled low molecular weight heparin glycosaminoglycan (LMW-Hep) (Mr = 8500). Two classes of binding sites were detected. The first class of sites bound 2.02 mol of LMW Hep/mol of C1q with a Kd of 76.6 nM. The second class of sites complexes with 12 mol of LMW-Hep with a Kd of 1.01 microM. The higher affinity-binding site for LMW Hep could be assigned to the collagenous region of C1q (C1q-c); 2.2 mol of 125I LMW-Hep were bound/mol of purified isolated C1q-c with a Kd = 381 nM. In contrast, the isolated C1q globular region did not bind to 125I-LMW-Hep. The binding of LMW-Hep to C1q and the C1q-c region was confirmed by fluorescence polarization experiments; C1q and C1q-c bound 2.3 and 2.02 mol of fluorescamine labeled LMW-Hep/mol of protein, respectively. A variety of mucopolysaccharides were able to inhibit interaction of C1q with 125I-LMW-Hep, the most effective being heparan sulfate and dermatan sulfate. LMW-Hep (2.5 nM) inhibited the ability of C1q (0.5 nM) to recombine with C1r (1.4 nM) and C1s (1.6 nM) to form hemolytically active C1. At 250 mM, LMW-Hep inhibited the hemolytic activity of reconstituted C1. The ability of mucopolysaccharides to interact with purified C1q suggests a role for such molecules in the regulation of the first component of complement. PMID- 6218164 TI - Kinetic comparison of normal and thyrotoxic bovine cardiac myosin subfragment-1. AB - A comparison of the transient kinetics of cardiac ventricular normal and hyperthyroid modified myosin subfragment-1 reveals substantial similarities between the two proteins. The nucleotide-binding kinetics are nonexponential for both proteins, but the large tryptophan fluorescence changes, 34% for ATP binding and 12% for ADP binding which are comparable to those of rabbit skeletal myosin subfragment-1, permit the kinetic data to be resolved into a sum of two exponentials. Both the fast and slow forms of the proteins reach limiting rate constants at high nucleotide concentration. The fast forms of normal and thyrotoxic cardiac subfragment-1 are kinetically identical for nucleotide binding at 20 degrees C and pH 7 and the slow forms differ by less than a factor of 2. The kinetic data for ADP release and the single turnover of ATP could neither be fit by a single exponential nor resolved into two components, which indicates a difference in the rate constants by a factor of 2 or less. The largest difference found was in the steady state turnover of ATP for which thyrotoxic subfragment-1 had a 2.5 times faster turnover as compared to normal subfragment-1. The fractions of fast and slow forms of the two proteins are dependent on the nucleotide concentration and the fractions as well as the rate constants are a function of the protein concentration. This is consistent with the kinetic heterogeneity of cardiac myosin subfragment-1 resulting from aggregation. The differences in the rate constant for the steady state turnover of ATP and in aggregation properties between normal and hyperthyroid cardiac subfragment-1 are consistent with the induction of a myosin isozyme by thyroxine treatment. Moreover, the increase in the steady state turnover of ATP is consistent with the increase in contractility of the muscle in the hyperthyroid state. PMID- 6218165 TI - Phosphofructokinase mutants of yeast. Biochemistry and genetics. AB - Mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae completely lacking the soluble glycolytic enzyme fructose-6-P kinase are described. The mutations are semidominant, do not complement one another, and define a gene PFK1 located 28-cm distal to rna1 on the extended right arm of chromosome XIII. Of 10 independent mutants, 3 can be suppressed by ochre suppressors. All mutants examined synthesize proteins that cross-react to the antibody against the purified yeast P-fructokinase. The enzyme in spontaneous revertants is distinguishable from the wild type enzyme with respect to thermolability and ATP inhibition. The locus PFK1 thus defines the structural gene of the enzyme. The pfk1 mutants are not leaky in vivo. All the glucose consumed by a double mutant lacking both P-fructokinase and 6-P-gluconate dehydrogenase ends up as 6-P-gluconate, yet the pfk1 mutants can glycolyze and grow on glucose in air. The cell mass produced per unit of glucose also remains unchanged. Anaerobically, however, growth does not take place, nor does glycolysis. P-fructokinase is thus a dispensable enzyme for aerobic growth, but indispensable for anaerobic growth. The properties of pfk1 mutants suggest that yeast has an alternative mechanism for the aerobic metabolism of fructose-6-P, presumably through the recently reported particulate P-fructokinase (Lobo, Z., and Maitra, P. K. (1982) FEBS Lett. 137, 279-282). PMID- 6218166 TI - Anion effects on in vitro sarcoplasmic reticulum function. The relationship between anions and calcium flux. AB - Isolated sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles exhibited different functional characteristics in the presence of zwitterionic as compared to anionic buffers. In the absence of oxalate, dicarboxylic anions (e.g. maleate, succinate) in a dose-dependent manner enhanced ATP-supported Ca2+ accumulation, the ensuing spontaneous Ca2+ release, and Ca2+-dependent ATPase activity compared to zwitterionic buffers (e.g. piperazine-N,N'-bis(2-ethanesulfonic acid) (Pipes) and 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethanesulfonic acid) (Hepes). This was not attributed to ionic strength and osmotic effects. The additional anion-dependent Ca2+ accumulation was linked to augmented Ca2+-dependent ATPase activity, and both could be induced by the addition of anion at any time during Ca2+ accumulation as long as ATP was present. Since the initial Ca2+ accumulation rates and acyl phosphoenzyme formation were the same between the two buffer classes, and the presence of either oxalate (a Ca2+-precipitating anion) or A23187 (a Ca2+ ionophore) abolished differences in Ca2+-dependent ATPase activity between the two buffer classes, it is likely that conditions favoring high intravesicular Ca2+ concentration allow the expression of the observed effect of the anions. Initial spontaneous Ca2+ release in the presence of maleate was not caused by ATP depletion, and it was virtually absent in Pipes buffer. The rate of spontaneous release was also stimulated in a dose-dependent manner by the dicarboxylic anions, with the time of release being related to the time of anion addition and not ATP addition. A later, more rapid release phase in either maleate or Pipes buffer corresponded to ATP depletion, and could be duplicated at any time in the Ca2+ accumulation/release cycle by the addition of an ATP trap. With an ATP-regenerating system present or with very high ATP concentrations, the maximal peak Ca2+ accumulation in Pipes buffer could approach that in maleate buffer. The data suggest that dicarboxylic anions stimulate the filling of a Ca2+ compartment from which spontaneous Ca2+ release occurs. PMID- 6218167 TI - ATP-dependent acidification of membrane vesicles isolated from purified rat liver lysosomes. Acidification activity requires phosphate. AB - Membrane vesicles were isolated from purified liver lysosomes of rats treated with Triton WR-1339. In order to preserve ATP-dependent acidification activity, proteolysis of membranes was minimized by adding protease inhibitors and by centrifuging to form dilute bands of vesicles rather than highly concentrated pellets. The membrane vesicle fraction represented about 20% of the total lysosomal protein, 80% of the ATPase activity, and 3% of the solute proteins as marked by N-acetylglucosaminidase. About one-half of the membranes were oriented right side out. The space unavailable to [14C]sucrose corresponded to 3 microliters/mg of membrane protein which indicates that the membranes form vesicles about one-tenth the size of lysosomes. Uptake of either [14C]methylamine or [14C]chloroquine by lysosomal membrane vesicles was ATP-dependent, indicating acidification of the intravesicle space. The acidification activity was inhibited when either 1.5 microM carbonyl cyanide p-trifluoromethoxy-phenylhydrazone, 100 microM dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, or millimolar concentrations of such permeant weak bases as ammonium sulfate and dansyl cadaverine were added. Acidification of lysosomal vesicles by ATP occurred electroneutrally. This acidification activity was not dependent on added salts but was inhibited by the anion transport inhibitors pyridoxal phosphate and diisothiocyanostilbene disulfonic acid, thus suggesting co-transport of protons and anions. Results which indicate that phosphate is the transported anion included (a) ATP-dependent uptake of [32P]phosphate by lysosomal membrane vesicles and (b) stimulation of ATP dependent acidification of these vesicles by added phosphate. These observations provide further evidence that maintenance of the acid intralysosomal pH necessary for activation of lysosomal hydrolases is due to an ATP-driven proton pump located in the lysosomal membrane. PMID- 6218168 TI - Modification of the Neurospora crassa plasma membrane [H+]-ATPase with N,N' dicyclohexylcarbodiimide. AB - The [H+]-ATPase of the Neurospora plasma membrane is composed of a single Mr = 104,000 polypeptide (B. J. Bowman, F. Blasco, and C. W. Slayman, J. Biol. Chem. (1981) 256, 12343-12349). The carboxyl-modifying reagent N,N' dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCCD) inactivates the ATPase with pseudo-first order kinetics, suggesting that one site on the enzyme is involved. The rate constant for inactivation at pH 7.5 and 30 degrees C is approximately 1000 M-1 min-1, similar to values reported for the DCCD-binding proteolipid of F0-F1-type [H+] ATPases and for the sarcoplasmic reticulum [Ca+2]-ATPase. Although hydrophobic carbodiimides are inhibitory at micromolar concentrations, a hydrophilic analogue, 1-ethyl-3-(dimethylaminopropyl)-carbodiimide, is completely inactive even at millimolar concentrations. This result implies that the DCCD-reactive site is located in a lipophilic environment. [14C]DCCD is incorporated into the Mr = 104,000 polypeptide at a rate similar to the rate of inactivation. There is no evidence for a separate low molecular weight DCCD-binding proteolipid. Using quantitative amino acid analysis, we established that complete inhibition occurs at a stoichiometry of 0.4 mol of DCCD/mol of polypeptide. Overall, the results are consistent with the idea that DCCD reacts with a single amino acid residue of the Neurospora [H+]-ATPase, thereby blocking ATP hydrolysis and proton translocation. PMID- 6218169 TI - A role of calcium-activated phospholipid-dependent protein kinase in human platelet activation. Comparison of thrombin and collagen actions. AB - In human platelets stimulated by thrombin and collagen, diacylglycerol is rapidly produced from phosphatidylinositol. Concurrently, an endogenous protein having a molecular weight of about 40,000 (40K protein) is phosphorylated, and serotonin is released. These reactions are all inhibited by a prior treatment of platelets with prostaglandin E1, dibutyryl cyclic AMP, sodium nitroprusside, or with 8 bromo-cyclic GMP, which are known as potent inhibitors for platelet activation. Ca2+-activated phospholipid-dependent protein kinase (protein kinase C) preferentially phosphorylates 40K protein. As judged by fingerprint analysis, the sites in 40K protein that are phosphorylated during the platelet activation appear to be identical with those phosphorylated by protein kinase C in a purified cell-free system. 12-O-Tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate, which directly activates protein kinase C by substituting for diacylglycerol, stimulates 40K protein phosphorylation and release reaction without inducing diacylglycerol formation. Tetracaine, which inhibits protein kinase C by competing with phospholipid, blocks 40K protein phosphorylation and serotonin release without inhibiting the receptor-linked diacylglycerol formation. The results indicate that thrombin and collagen activate platelets in almost similar mechanisms and that protein kinase C may lie on a common pathway which leads to the release of serotonin. However, analysis with indomethacin indicates that the role of thromboxane A2 appears to be more predominant for the action of collagen, and it is suggestive that this arachidonate metabolite activates platelets in an analogous mechanism to thrombin. PMID- 6218170 TI - Characterization of the major polypeptides of the rat liver nuclear envelope. PMID- 6218171 TI - Risk factors in low-back pain. An epidemiological survey. PMID- 6218172 TI - Monocytogenic endothelialization in dacron grafts. Experimental studies on rats. AB - The cytogenetic relationship between cells of the hematopoetic system and prosthesis lining cells is still not known. The purpose of this experimental study was to determine to what degree blood monocytes may be transformed into those cells which line the inner surface of vascular grafts. Immunological identical rats (donors = 25) were pretreated with a total dose of 150 micrograms C 3H-thymidine. In 25 recipient rats of the same strain the infrarenal aorta had been replaced by a vascular graft of dacron (1.8 mm theta) by using microsurgical techniques. Arteriovenous cross-transfusion was installed in pairs of the donor and recipient animals allowing for mixing the total blood volumes of both many times. Following sacrifice of the recipients the grafts and the area of anastomosis were studied autoradiographically. In all animals labelled monocytes were found in the graft wall with a marking index (MI) running between 1.5% to 5.5%. The marking index of the prosthesis lining cells was 1.9% to 3.4%. In 6 animals the anastomotic area was labelled and the MI run from 1% to 7.5%. With this new experimental model we ascertained that blood monocytes have capability of transformation: our results would indicate the hematogenic origin of new endothelial cells on prosthetic vascular surface by transformation of blood monocytes. This appears to apply to the prosthetic wall as well as the inner surface lining cells and the neighbourhood of the anastomotic area. PMID- 6218173 TI - Congenital pericardial defect associated with atrial and ventricular septal defects. AB - Congenital pericardial defects are rare anomalies but in recent years improved diagnostic techniques have often led to a pre-operative diagnosis. The present communication describes a case of a partial pericardial defect with herniation of the lung into the pericardium associated with a lung cyst which is extremely rare. The sternum showed some deficiency in its lower portion. Atrial and ventricular septal defects with a small pericardio-peritoneal foramen were also present. PMID- 6218174 TI - Substructure of the outer dynein arm. AB - The substructure of the outer dynein arm has been analyzed in quick-frozen deep etch replicas of Tetrahymena and Chlamydomonas axonemes. Each arm is found to be composed of five morphologically discrete components: an elliptical head; two spherical feet; a slender stalk; and an interdynein linker. The feet make contact with the A microtubule of each doublet; the stalk contacts the B microtubule; the head lies between the feet and stalk; and the linker associates each arm with its neighbor. The spatial relationships between these five components are found to be distinctly different in rigor (ATP-depleted) versus relaxed (ATP- or vanadate plus ATP-treated) axonemes, and the stalk appears to alter its affinity for the B microtubule in the relaxed state. Images of living cilia attached to Tetrahymena cells show that the relaxed configuration is adopted in vivo. We relate our observations to morphological and experimental studies reported by others and propose several models that suggest how this newly described dynein morphology may relate to dynein function. PMID- 6218176 TI - Are factors originating from serum, plasma, or cultured cells involved in the growth-promoting effect of the extracellular matrix produced by cultured bovine corneal endothelial cells? AB - The possibilities that the growth-promoting effect of the extracellular matrix (ECM) produced by cultured bovine corneal endothelial (BCE) cells could be due to: (1) adsorbed cellular factors released during the cell lysis process leading to the denudation of the ECM; (2) adsorbed serum or plasma factors: or (3) adsorbed exogenous growth factors have been examined. Exposure of confluent BCE cultures to 2 M urea in medium supplemented with 0.5% calf serum denudes the ECM without cell lysis. The ECM prepared by this procedure supports cell growth just as well as ECM prepared by denudation involving cell lysis. Thus, it is unlikely that the growth-promoting properties of ECM are due to adsorbed cellular factors. When the ECM produced by BCE cells grown in defined medium supplemented with high density lipoprotein, transferrin, and insulin was compared to the ECMs produced by cells grown in the presence of serum- or plasma-supplemented medium, all were found to be equally potent in stimulating cell growth. It is therefore unlikely that the growth-promoting ability of the ECM is due to adsorbed plasma or serum components. When fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-coated and ECM-coated plastic dishes were submitted to a heat treatment (70 degrees C, 30 min) which results in the inactivation of FGF, the growth-supporting ability of FGF-coated dishes was lost, while the comparable ability of ECM-coated dishes was not affected significantly. This observation tends to demonstrate that the active factor present in the ECM is not FGF. Nor is it platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), since treatment known to destroy the activity of PDGF, such as exposure to dithiothreitol (0.1 M, 30 min, 22 degrees C) or to beta-mercaptoethanol (10%) in the presence or absence of 6 M urea for 30 min at 22 degrees C, does not affect the growth-promoting activity of ECM. It is therefore unlikely that the growth promoting effect of ECM is due to cellular growth-promoting agents or to plasma or serum factors adsorbed onto the ECM. PMID- 6218175 TI - Myosin types and fiber types in cardiac muscle. II. Atrial myocardium. AB - Antibodies were produced against myosins isolated from the left atrial myocardium (anti-bAm) and the left ventricular myocardium (anti-bVm) of the bovine heart. Cross-reactive antibodies were removed by cross-absorption. Absorbed anti-bAm and anti-bVm were specific for the myosin heavy chains when tested by enzyme immunoassay combined with SDS gel electrophoresis. Indirect immunofluorescence was used to determine the reactivity of atrial muscle fibers to the two antibodies. Three populations of atrial muscle fibers were distinguished in the bovine heart: (a) fibers reactive with anti-bAm and unreactive with anti-bVm, like most fibers in the left atrium; (b) fibers reactive with both antibodies, especially numerous in the right atrium; (c) fibers reactive with anti-bVm and unreactive with anti-bAm, present only in the interatrial septum and in specific regions of the right atrium, such as the crista terminalis. These findings can be accounted for by postulating the existence of two distinct types of atrial myosin heavy chains, one of which is antigenically related to ventricular myosin. The tendency for fibers labeled by anti-bVm to occur frequently in bundles and their preferential distribution in the crista terminalis, namely along one of the main conduction pathways between the sinus node and the atrioventricular node, and in the interatrial septum, where different internodal tracts are known to converge, suggests that these fibers may be specialized for faster conduction. PMID- 6218177 TI - The growth requirements of BHK-21 cells in serum-free culture. AB - A serum-free medium for serial culture of baby hamster kidney cell line 21 (BHK 21) as container-adherent cells was developed. The medium is a 1:1 (v/v) mixture of Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium and Ham's F-12 medium supplemented with fibroblast growth factor, fibronectin, insulin, oleic acid (preincubated with fatty-acid-free bovine serum albumin as carrier), and transferrin. The fibronectin was required for cell adherence, the other factors for optimal cell multiplication. When cell input was greater than about 1,900 cells/cm2, this serum-free medium supported cell multiplication at a rate approximately equal to the rate in medium with 10% serum. At lower cell input, growth in the serum-free medium was poor unless it was supplemented with serum-free medium which had been conditioned by BHK-21 cells. The conditioned medium contained a factor(s) which enabled or stimulated cell multiplication. PMID- 6218178 TI - Reactivation of NAD(H) biosynthetic pathway by exogenous NAD+ in Nil cells severely depleted of NAD(H). AB - The culture of Nil hamster fibroblasts in MEM lacking nicotinamide (NAm-MEM) leads to: (1) the rapid loss of intracellular total nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD(H)) content in these cells from a level of 150-200 pmoles/10(5) cells to less than 20 pmoles/10(5) cells; (2) the cessation of cell division and inhibition of DNA synthesis; and (3) a reduction of glucose consumption and lactic acid production. In most situations, following nicotinamide starvation, the restoration of intracellular NAD(H) follows rapidly the readdition of NAD+ (oxidized), nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), nicotinamide, or nicotinic acid. Resumption of cell division occurs after only a lag of about 24 hours. Nil cells subcultured for three consecutive times in the absence of nicotinamide (3(0) NAm- cells) exhibit different behavior. These severely starved cells are incapable of quickly restoring their intracellular NAD(H) content to normal levels when provided with any pyridine ring compound except NAD+. One-hour exposure of such cells to NAD+ allows utilization of nicotinamide to rapidly restore intracellular NAD(H). This short incubation with NAD+ does not result in any significant restoration of intracellular NAD(H) or lead to the accumulation of an intracellular pool of some precursor. This function of NAD+ as a stimulatory signal to the NAD(H)-biosynthetic pathway in severely starved Nil cells is a previously unreported role of NAD+, and does not require protein synthesis. PMID- 6218179 TI - Determination of niacin metabolites 1-methyl-5-carboxylamide-2-pyridone and N-1 methylnicotinamide in urine by high-performance liquid chromatography. AB - A test suitable for detecting latent niacin deficiency was developed. It measures the 24-h urinary output of the two major metabolites of niacin, 1-methyl-5 carboxylamide-2-pyridone and N-1-methylnicotinamide. The two metabolites were isolated from urine using separate ion-exchange extractions. They and their two internal standards were quantitated simultaneously by high-performance liquid chromatography using a reversed-phase ion pairing separation. Detection was by absorbance at 254 nm. PMID- 6218180 TI - Isotachophoretic assay of aminoglycosides and lincomycins in pharmaceuticals. PMID- 6218181 TI - T lymphocyte subsets in autoimmune thyroid diseases and subacute thyroiditis detected with monoclonal antibodies. AB - Peripheral T lymphocyte subsets were analysed with monoclonal antibodies, by highly standardized fluorescence-activated cell sorter analysis instead of manual counting by the indirect immunofluorescence method, in autoimmune thyroid diseases and subacute thyroiditis. Total lymphocyte counts were increased in patients with thyrotoxic Graves' disease and subacute thyroiditis. The percentage of total T (Leu 1) cells was significantly lower in patients with thyrotoxic Graves' disease and Hashimoto's disease with destructive thyrotoxicosis than in normal subjects. No significant changes were observed in the percentages of suppressor-cytotoxic T (Leu 2a) cells or helper-inducer T (Leu 3a) cells or in the Leu 3a-Leu 2a ratio in different groups of patients. There were no correlations between the percentages of E rosette-forming cells and Leu 1 cells and between the percentages of T gamma cells and Leu 2a cells in normal subjects and patients. The peak position of fluorescence intensity of Leu 2a cells showed a significant sex difference even in normal controls. The most important finding was a significant decrease in the peak position of Leu 2a cells in patients with thyrotoxic Graves' disease and with hypothyroid or thyrotoxic Hashimoto's disease. These findings indicate the significant association of qualitative, but not quantitative, abnormality of suppressor-cytotoxic T (Leu 2a) cells with thyroid dysfunction in autoimmune thyroid diseases. PMID- 6218182 TI - Dihydrotestosterone stimulates 5 alpha-reductase activity in pubic skin fibroblasts. AB - In vivo, the 5 alpha-reduction of testosterone (T) to dihydrotestosterone (DHT) is androgen dependent in pubic skin but not in the skin of the external genitalia. The aim of the present study was to determine whether pubic skin fibroblasts (PSF) had retained this androgen dependency. PSF were prepared from explants of skin from normal subjects (four men, three women) and three patients with complete form of the testicular feminization syndrome. Culture medium containing 5% fetal calf serum and DHT was added 24 h after subculture (day 1) and renewed every other day. 5 alpha-Reductase was assayed on day 4 or day 8 by incubation of intact cell monolayers with [3H]T (2 nM), extraction of the medium, and chromatography of the metabolites; DNA was assayed in the cell pellets; 5 alpha-reductase was expressed as fmol/micrograms DNA . h. Controls were untreated plates from the same subcultures. DHT had no effect on cell DNA, whereas it resulted in a dose-dependent increase in 5 alpha-reductase activity. In seven PSF strains tested, DHT (10(-7) M) increased 5 alpha-reductase activity 2- to 4-fold over the control levels. This effect was abolished by the simultaneous addition of cyproterone acetate (2 X 10(-6) M) and was not observed in PSF from testicular feminization syndrome patients, suggesting that it was indeed mediated via the androgen receptor. T but not estradiol or cortisol also increased 5 alpha reductase activity in PSF. The effect of androgens was suppressed by protein synthesis inhibitors. These data provide strong evidence that PSF respond to androgens via a receptor mediated mechanism, and that 5 alpha-reductase can be used as a marker of androgen action in pubic skin in vitro as well as in vivo. PMID- 6218183 TI - Quantitation of pathogenic potential of Staphylococcus aureus. AB - Numerical estimates of the pathogenicity of Staphylococcus aureus strains were made for phage-typed strains from a relative incidence of significant to nonsignificant isolates from hospital patients. For a specific phage-patterned strain, the number of isolates from significant (wounds, abscesses, blood, etc.) sites was divided by the number of isolates from nonsignificant (respiratory tract, body surfaces, etc.) sites. This value, multiplied by 100, was the index of infection potential (IIP). IIP values for the S. aureus strains studied ranged from a low of 8 to a high of 50. The average IIP for all phage-patterned strains that occurred 50 or more times was 20. There was an inverse relationship between length of the phage pattern (number of the 26 typing phages that lysed the strain) and pathogenicity. Those strains with shorter phage patterns had higher IIP values and were more pathogenic. Strains lysed by one phage had an average IIP of 27, whereas those lysed by 18 phages had an average IIP of 14. PMID- 6218184 TI - Anti-acetylcholine receptor antibody in aged individuals and in patients with Down's syndrome. AB - Anti-acetylcholine receptor (AChR) antibodies were found in 9 of 50 sera from old patients with cerebrovascular disease (CVD) and in 9 of 38 sera from patients with Down's syndrome. Only one of 30 sera from young patients with CVD was positive. There were age-related changes in the positive rate and titers among Down's syndrome subjects. Anti-AChR antibody appeared associated with aging as did other autoantibodies. PMID- 6218185 TI - Direct bonding in orthodontics. PMID- 6218186 TI - Deficient autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction in Kaposi's sarcoma associated with deficiency of Leu-3+ responder T cells. AB - Autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction (AMLR) and T cell subsets defined with monoclonal antibodies were analyzed in the peripheral blood of homosexual males with Kaposi's sarcoma (KS). All seven patients demonstrated decreased AMLR (P less than 0.001) when compared with age- and sex-matched simultaneously studied controls. These patients also showed decreased proportions of Leu-3+ (helper/inducer phenotype) and an increase in the proportion of Leu-2+ (suppressor/cytotoxic phenotype) T cells. Leu-3+ T cells were purified from two patients by depleting Leu-2+ T cells in complement-dependent cytotoxicity. Leu-3+ T cells from both patients demonstrated poor proliferative response in the AMLR. In allogeneic MLR, patients' T cells were poor responders and their non-T cells were poor stimulators against healthy controls. This study demonstrates deficiency of both AMLR and allogeneic MLR in patients with KS. The decreased AMLR is associated with qualitative and functional deficiency of Leu-3+ responder T cells. Whether the functional deficiency of Leu-3+ responder T cells in the AMLR is a general phenomena or a feature of a subset of patients with KS remains to be determined. PMID- 6218187 TI - Qualitative and quantitative studies on Japanese Waltzing mice. PMID- 6218189 TI - Periodontal disease in Down's syndrome. PMID- 6218188 TI - Alkaline phosphatase activity in the turbinates of pigs infected with Bordetella bronchiseptica. PMID- 6218190 TI - Inconsistencies noted in article on management of leukemic. PMID- 6218191 TI - Extent of polymerization of dental resins by differential scanning calorimetry. AB - The traditional infrared spectroscopic methods for assessing the degree of polymerization of dental monomers are often hampered by the difficulties of sample preparation and, in the case of composites, by interference from the filler component. These difficulties may be circumvented by the use of another technique, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). In this preliminary investigation, DSC was used to ascertain the degree of vinyl polymerization of an experimental monomer system consisting of seven parts BIS-GMA and three parts TEGDMA (triethylene glycol dimethacrylate). Thermally-activated polymerizations of this monomer system were studied using benzoyl peroxide (BP) as the initiator. Both the heating rate and the concentration of BP affected the percent of reacted vinyl groups. For a BP concentration of 0.39% and heating rates of 10 degrees/min and 2.5 degrees/min, conversions were 73 and 38%, respectively. Chemically activated polymerizations using BP and fast-acting amine accelerators (e.g., p-t butyl-N,N-dimethylaniline) gave approximately the same results (e.g., 50% conversion) as those obtained with slower-acting promoters (e.g., ascorbyl palmitate). Experimental difficulties are encountered in observing an exotherm with the very reactive accelerators unless the other parameters (e.g., BP or inhibitor content) involved in the reaction are adjusted accordingly. As a method for evaluating the performance of various dental monomers, initiator systems, and inhibitors, DSC has great potential utility. PMID- 6218192 TI - Immune complex and cutaneous diseases. PMID- 6218193 TI - A conceptual model of children's cognitive adaptation to physical disability. AB - Increasing numbers of children are being required to adapt to lifelong illness and disability. While numerous studies exist on theories of adaptation, reaction to illness, and children's concepts of self and of illness, an integrated view of children's ability to conceptualize themselves, their disabilities and possible adaptations has not been formulated. In this article an attempt has been made to integrate models of adaptation to disability and knowledge about children's cognitive development using Piagetian theory of cognitive development and Crate's stages of adaptation to chronic illness. This conceptually integrated model can be used as a departure point for studies to validate the applicability of Piaget's theory to the development of the physically disabled child and to clinically assess the adaptational stages available to the child at various developmental stages. PMID- 6218195 TI - Carbonic anhydrase activity in skeletal muscle fiber types, axons, spindles, and capillaries of rat soleus and extensor digitorum longus muscles. AB - Carbonic anhydrase (CA) activities were studied in soluble extracts and cryostat sections of skeletal muscles from prepubertal and postpubertal rats. Acetazolamide inhibition was utilized to distinguish between activities of the acetazolamide-sensitive (CA I and II) and acetazolamide-resistant (CA III) forms of the enzyme. The inhibition studies indicated that fast-twitch oxidative glycolytic muscle fibers contained both the sensitive and resistant forms of CA. Acetazolamide-sensitive activity was localized within muscle fibers, axons, myelin, and capillaries. Axoplasmic staining was restricted to subpopulations of myelinated axons in both the dorsal and ventral roots. Soleus muscles exhibited significantly greater activity of CA III than extensor digitorum longus muscles at all ages examined. CA III was richest in slow-twitch oxidative and intrafusal fibers. During puberty, soleus muscle fibers matured and converted from fast twitch oxidative-glycolytic to slow-twitch oxidative fibers. There was a shift from the sensitive to the resistant form of CA; CA III activity increased about sevenfold. This activity peaked earlier in the muscles of female rats than male rats. These results demonstrated a complex distribution of CA isozymes in the neuromuscular system and pointed out that isozyme content depends on both the type of muscle and the age and sex of the animal. PMID- 6218196 TI - Enterotoxin production by strains of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from clinical and non-clinical specimens with special reference to enterotoxin F and toxic shock syndrome. AB - Enterotoxin production by strains of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from clinical specimens of human and animal origin and from healthy human carriers was investigated. All nine patients admitted to hospital with symptoms of toxic shock syndrome (TSS) yielded enterotoxin-producing strains of S. aureus. Eight of these produced staphylococcal enterotoxin F (SEF). A significantly smaller proportion of strains (42% of 50 strains tested) isolated from other clinical specimens of hospitalized patients produced SEF. Production of SEF by strains isolated from clinical specimens of animal origin (48 strains) was not observed. Twenty-nine per cent of 24 S. aureus strains isolated from noses of hospital staff produced SEF. This result was not significantly different from that obtained from strains isolated from clinical specimens other than TSS. A similar percentage of strains isolated from healthy human carriers outside hospital produced SEF (25% of 24 strains tested). The results indicated that enterotoxin production, especially that of SEF, is associated with S. aureus isolated from patients suspected of TSS. There was no indication of an association between S. aureus isolated from other staphylococcal infections and SEF production. All strains were phage typed and 79% of the strains belonging to the international phage-group I produced SEF. All strains lysed by phage 187 were found to produce SEF. PMID- 6218194 TI - Factors influencing estrogen production and metabolism in postmenopausal women with endocrine cancer. PMID- 6218197 TI - Inhibition of IgE production in B hybridomas by IgE class-specific suppressor factor from T hybridomas. AB - The function of IgE class-specific suppressor factor (IgE-TsF) from T hybridomas was studied by employing IgE-producing B hybridomas. IgE-TsF was obtained from IgE class-specific T hybridomas, which had been established by the fusion of a phosphorylcholine-conjugated Mycobacterium-primed T cell population with the T lymphoma cell line BW5147. The absorption experiments showed that IgE-TsF from T hybridomas was composed of the binding site(s) for IgE and I region gene products as observed in conventional IgE-TsF. Incubation of IgE-producing B hybridomas with IgE-TsF for 1 hr at 37 degrees C resulted in the reduction of the number of IgE-secreting cells when assessed by a reverse plaque assay. The proportions of surface IgE-positive cells were concomitantly reduced. After 24 hr incubation with IgE-TsF, the number of cytoplasmic IgE-positive cells was reduced, showing that IgE synthesis was inhibited by IgE-TsF. Antigen-specific TsF from phosphorylcholine-specific T hybridomas did not show any inhibitory effect, and IgE-TsF did not block the antibody production of IgM-producing B hybridomas. Precapping of IgE receptors by anti-epsilon antibody or the simultaneous addition of soluble IgE with IgE-TsF abrogated the suppressive function, suggesting that IgE-TsF acted directly on B epsilon cells through binding with IgE receptors. PMID- 6218198 TI - Murine T cell suppression demonstrable in the absence of cytotoxicity and the effect of Cyclosporin A on this system. AB - In vitro culture of murine spleen cells in FCS without prior immunization or allogeneic stimulation leads to the development of spontaneous cytotoxicity. This cytotoxicity is not H-2 restricted and can affect any subsequent in vitro assays using syngeneic cells, especially if those assays include prolonged culture in FCS. Studies on murine spleen cells cultured in NMS, however, led to the detection of a suppressor system that did not display cytotoxic effects. Furthermore, it was found that this suppression, in contrast to the cytotoxicity and suppression generated during culture in FCS, was not sensitive to CYA. The suppressor cell may be an effector or an inducer of suppression and is sensitive to treatment with anti-Thy-1.2 and complement. It is suggested that some in vitro suppression is really due to cytotoxicity that may be directed toward FCS determinants adsorbed onto syngeneic targets. PMID- 6218199 TI - Is the delayed-type hypersensitivity observed after a low dose of antigen mediated by helper T cells? AB - In mice receiving, i.v., a dose of antigen optimal for antibody response, no delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) reaction is detectable. In contrast, in mice receiving a dose of antigen too small to induce B cell activation, a DTH reaction is elicitable shortly and transiently after immunization. Using a sensitive titration assay of DTH-mediating T lymphocytes, this reciprocal relationship between antibody production and DTH responses was reinvestigated. The absence of peripheral DTH reactivity in mice primed i.v. with a high dose of antigen (10(9) heterologous red blood cells) does not result either from the absence of activation and clonal expansion of DTH-mediating cells or from induction of suppressive mechanisms but results from a decreased circulation of DTH-mediating cells. The present studies show that DTH-mediating cells disappear from blood to enter the spleen only when specific B lymphocytes are present and activated by a high dose of antigen. These results are compatible with the hypothesis that T cells activated by antigen can function either as helper cells for B lymphocytes or as DTH-mediating cells, depending on the environment they reach during their migration. In order to demonstrate that the same cell may support the two functions, monoclonal T lymphocytes were assayed for their helper function and for their ability to transfer a DTH reaction. PMID- 6218200 TI - Macrophage cell cycling: influence on Fc receptors and antibody-dependent phagocytosis. AB - The influence of cell cycling on the density and binding properties of IgG2a Fc receptors and their associated antibody-dependent phagocytic activity was investigated with the P388D1 murine macrophage cell line. Unseparated macrophages and subpopulations of elutriated macrophages, enriched for cells in G1, S, and G2 + M phases were compared to detect possible differences in IgG2a-dependent phagocytosis. Suspensions of G2 + M phase cells were appreciably enhanced in phagocytic activity over G1-phase cells, which were less phagocytic than unseparated macrophage populations. An analysis of the binding of 125I-IgG2a myeloma protein disclosed that the IgG2a Fc receptor avidity remained essentially unchanged during cell cycle traverse, whereas the number of IgG2a Fc receptors more than doubled as cells cycled from G1 to G2 + M (1.5 X 10(5) vs 3.4 X 10(5) receptors per cell). With their increased size relative to G1 cells, and the resultant increase in receptor number, G2 phase cells should have more productive collisions with the antibody-coated target cells and greater phagocytic capacity. PMID- 6218201 TI - Analysis of Fc (IgG) receptors on human peripheral blood leukocytes by dual fluorescence flow microfluorometry. II. Quantitation of receptors on cells that express the OKM1, OKT3, OKT4, and OKT8 antigens. AB - Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells were analyzed for the expression of Fc(IgG) receptors (FcR) by a quantitative dual fluorescence flow microfluorometric (FMF) technique. Mononuclear cells from all donors tested were distributed into three distinct subsets on the basis of FcR expression: cells expressing high, intermediate, or background levels of FcR. To characterize these subsets, cells were doubly labeled for FcR and with OKM1, OKT3, OKT4, or OKT8 hybridoma antibodies by using nonoverlapping red and green fluorophores. Each cell was then analyzed for the presence of both labels with a dual laser flow cytometer. Cells that did not express FcR were heterogeneous for OKT3, OKT4, and OKT8, did not express OKM1, and were primarily T cells on the basis of rosette formation with sheep erythrocytes (E+ cells). Most of the cells that expressed intermediate levels of FcR (an average of 1.3 x 10(4) FcR/cell) also expressed high levels of OKM1 but did not bind OKT3, OKT4, or OKT8 hybridoma antibodies. These cells were characterized as monocytes because they were removed by passage over Sephadex G-10 columns and because they were larger than the other cells as judged by light scatter. The majority of cells with the highest FcR density (an average of 4.5 x 10(4) FcR/cell) formed rosettes with E and were, by definition, T gamma cells. These cells expressed negligible levels of OKT4 and intermediate levels of OKM1, levels that clearly distinquished them from monocytes. The T gamma cells were heterogeneous in the expression of both OKT3 and OKT8, with approximately 20% being positive for OKT3 and OKT8. The level of OKT3 expression for the OKT3 and OKT8. The level of OKT3 expression for the OKT3+ T gamma cells was about the same as for as for OKT3+ T nongamma cells. In contrast, the OKT8 T nongamma cells expressed lower levels of OKT8 than did the OKT8+ T nongamma cells. By compaing our results with those obtained by other invesigators, we tentatively assigned functions to the subsets of cells that we describe here. PMID- 6218202 TI - Suppressor cell function of human granular lymphocytes identified by the HNK-1 (Leu 7) monoclonal antibody. AB - The HNK-1 (Leu 7) differentiation antigen defines a subpopulation of human granular lymphocytes with natural killer (NK) and K cell function. In this study, we investigated whether HNK-1+ cells, identified with the monoclonal antibody and purified with a fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS), could function as suppressor cells. The results demonstrated that purified HNK-1+ cells efficiently suppressed both PWM-induced IgG production by B cells and T cell proliferation in mixed lymphocyte reactions (MLR). Manifestation of this suppressor cell activity required immune complex activation and was partially sensitive to 2000 rad irradiation. This suppressor cell activity was predominantly mediated by a subset of HNK-1+ cells that have previously been shown to have maximum NK function and lack expression of the E rosette (ER) receptor and T cell antigens (e.g., T3 and T8). Thus, HNK-1+ER- cells suppressed a MLR by an average 52%; HNK-1+ER+ were one half as efficient, causing an average 23% suppression. For comparison, we also examined the characteristics of Leu 2a+ suppressor T lymphocytes. In contrast to HNK-1+ cells, unactivated Leu 2a+ cells suppressed both B and T cell responses. This suppressor activity was not augmented by immune complex activation and was absolutely radio-sensitive in PWM assays. HNK-1+ cells, especially the HNK+ER- subset, can therefore mediate suppressor cell function in addition to their spontaneous cytotoxic function. Furthermore, some of their suppressor cell properties are distinct from those attributed to other types of suppressor lymphocytes. PMID- 6218203 TI - Interferon-induced enhancement of macrophage Fc receptor expression: beta interferon treatment of C3H/HeJ macrophages results in increased numbers and density of Fc receptors. AB - Previous studies demonstrated that the augmentation of Fc receptor-(FcR) mediated phagocytosis and binding of opsonized sheep erythrocytes is cytokine mediated. Specifically, beta-interferon- (beta-IFN) and gamma-IFN-rich preparations were shown to increase binding and phagocytosis of opsonized erythrocytes by C3H/HeJ macrophages. In this report we extend these studies by examination of the mechanisms by which highly purified beta-IFN increases FcR capacity in C3H/HeJ macrophages. Our findings indicate that beta-IFN augments FcR function for both IgG2a and IgG2b receptor subclasses. Moreover, this increased ability to bind and phagocytose opsonized erythrocytes is associated with a concomitant increase in both the number and surface membrane density of FcR. PMID- 6218204 TI - Modulation of fibroblast growth by a lymphokine of human T cell continuous T cell line origin. AB - Human peripheral blood T lymphocytes activated by mitogens or specific antigen produce a mediator that stimulates proliferation in a quiescent population of dermal fibroblasts. This lymphocyte product, which may have implications in the fibrosis associated with chronic cell-mediated inflammatory lesions, is not elaborated by unstimulated lymphocytes. Characterization of the fibroblast mitogenic factor differentiated it from a monocyte-derived factor with similar activity. The T cell factor appears to be a protein with an apparent m.w. of 40,000 and an isoelectric point between 5.0 and 5.5. This fibroblast growth factor can be produced in the relative absence of monocytes, and further evidence that the factor is a T cell product stems from the ability of a human T cell line to generate such a factor. Comparison of the biochemical characteristics of the normal T cell product with those of the T cell line revealed them to be indistinguishable. Thus, the T cell line can be used as a source of fibroblast activating factor (FAF) for more detailed analysis of its structure and function. Further characterization of this lymphokine may contribute to understanding the mechanisms that mediate fibrosis in normal tissue repair as well as in the pathophysiologic fibrotic response associated with certain chronic inflammatory diseases. PMID- 6218205 TI - Studies of the Epstein Barr virus receptor found on Raji cells. II. A comparison of lymphocyte binding sites for Epstein Barr virus and C3d. AB - A comparison was made between the binding sites of two receptors that are believed to be closely associated on human B lymphocytes: complement receptor type two (CR2) that is specific for C3d fragments, and the receptor (EBVR) for Epstein Barr virus (EBV). Isolated fluid-phase CR2 bound to C3d on erythrocytes (EC3d) and inhibited both B cell-EC3d rosettes and the agglutination of EC3d by anti-C3d, it failed to inhibit either the binding or superinfection of B cells by EBV. By contrast, isolated fluid-phase EBVR inhibited EBV B cell binding activity and superinfection but had no CR2 activity. In addition, radiolabeled CR2 bound to EC3d and anti-CR2-Sepharose, whereas radiolabeled EBVR did not. Purified fluid phase C3d fragments inhibited EC3d rosette formation with CR2+/EBVR+ cells but did not inhibit EBV binding. However, EBV binding to B cells did inhibit EC3d rosette formation. Clones of human/mouse somatic cell hybrids made from CR2+/EBVR+ human B lymphoblastoid cell and CR2-/EBVR- mouse myeloma cell parents expressed either EBVR or CR2 but only rarely expressed both EBVR and CR2. This suggested that the genes for EBVR and CR2 were located on two different human chromosomes. Thus it was concluded that CR2 is probably not the binding site for EBV. PMID- 6218206 TI - Requirement for human red blood cells in inactivation of C3b in immune complexes and enhancement of binding to spleen cells. AB - We showed previously that soluble immune complexes (IC) added to normal human serum and unseparated autologous blood cells bind predominantly to red blood cells (RBC) bearing C3b receptors. RBC-associated IC are processed both by C3b/C4b inactivator (I) cleavage of C3b and by alternative pathway-dependent C3b generation, and are returned to the serum in a modified form. In the present study, soluble IC were prepared by using 125I-BSA and guinea pig anti-BSA, and were treated with diluted human serum to optimize sustained C3b-dependent binding to human RBC. This binding to RBC could not be abrogated by preincubation of IC with heat-inactivated human serum or purified serum regulatory proteins, I and beta 1H (H), but after binding, pretreated IC dissociated. When IC were prepared with serum containing 125I-C3, treatment with I + H did not release labeled C3 from the complexes. Analysis by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS-PAGE) of 125I-C3b in IC showed similar labeled peaks whether IC were pretreated with buffer or with I + H or were bound to RBC without pretreatment. In contrast, when IC containing 125I-C3b were exposed to I + RBC, nearly 70% of the label was released from the IC. The released material analyzed by SDS-PAGE showed major 125I-C3 peaks corresponding in m.w. to free beta-chain and alpha 1 cleavage products of 30,000 to 33,000 daltons. IC in undiluted serum after incubation with RBC gave less binding to human polymorphonuclear leukocytes than after incubation without RBC, but notably more binding to guinea pig spleen cells and human lymphoblastoid cells. These findings argue that exposure to serum regulatory proteins does not prevent subsequent binding of experimental IC to RBC, that RBC binding promotes degradation of C3b in IC which proceeds beyond iC3b, and that this I-mediated breakdown renders IC reactive with spleen cells. PMID- 6218207 TI - Interaction of staphylococcal protein A in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for detecting staphylococcal antigens. AB - ELISA procedures for detecting staphylococcal antigens may be subject to interference by reactions between staphylococcal protein A (SPA) and IgG molecules. It was found that rabbit IgG reacted with SPA, both in the native state and after conjugation with peroxidase. Sheep IgG, however, did not react with SPA if conjugated with peroxidase. Peroxidase conjugated SPA reacted with rabbit IgG but not with sheep IgG. These results demonstrate that the source of IgG used in an ELISA system is of major importance to correct quantitation of staphylococcal antigens. PMID- 6218208 TI - EDTA separation and ATPase Langerhans cell staining in the mouse epidermis. AB - Sheets of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA)-separated epidermis were examined using scanning electron, transmission electron, and light microscopy; sheets were also examined after staining for adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activity. Staining was improved by longer incubation with EDTA and by elimination of Trismal buffer as a tissue rinse. EDTA-separated epidermis showed better retention of ultrastructural integrity when washed with phosphate-buffered saline. The ATPase staining procedures described in this present study are ultrastructurally specific for the Langerhans cell. PMID- 6218209 TI - Hemorrhage, diarrhea, and superinfection associated with the use of moxalactam. PMID- 6218210 TI - Chemosterilization of adult Parasarcophaga argyrostoma (Robineau-Desvoidy). PMID- 6218211 TI - [B lymphocyte-dependent or independent suppressor T cell abnormalities in systemic lupus erythematosus]. PMID- 6218212 TI - Institutionalizing reform. PMID- 6218213 TI - How truants can save the schools. PMID- 6218214 TI - The ability for dimensional analysis in preschool and retarded children: evidence from comparison, conservation, and prediction tasks. PMID- 6218216 TI - Tumor-promoting phorbol esters selectively abrogate the expression of the T4 differentiation antigen expressed on normal and malignant (Sezary) T helper lymphocytes. AB - 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) selectively abrogates, in nanomolar concentrations, the expression of the T4 differentiation antigen, as defined by the monoclonal anti-T4 antibody (1) on Il-2-producing T helper lymphocytes from normal donors and on T helper lymphocytes from a patient with malignant T cell lymphoma (Sezary's syndrome); this compound does not affect the expression of cell surface antigens as defined by the antibodies anti-OKT3, -T6, -T8, -T11, Ia, or anti-surface immunoglobulin. Abrogation of the T4 antigen expression is concentration dependent, completed within 8 h of incubation at 37 degrees C, does not occur at 4 degrees C, and is reversible. Only those phorbol-esters known to have tumor-promoting activity in vivo (2) affect the T4 antigen, whereas nonpromoting compounds are ineffective. PMID- 6218215 TI - Murine Peyer's patch T cell clones. Characterization of antigen-specific helper T cells for immunoglobulin A responses. AB - We successfully cloned antigen-specific T cells from murine gut-associated lymphoreticular tissue, i.e., Peyer's patches, which are dependent upon T cell growth factor and independent of antigen for continuous growth. These clones exhibit helper activity for IgA responses to sheep erythrocytes (SRBC) and have been designated T helper (Th) A. Two broad categories of Th A clones have been maintained in continuous culture. The first group supports IgM and largely IgA anti-SRBC plaque-forming cell (PFC) responses in both normal and SRBC-primed splenic B cell cultures, whereas the second group supports low IgM, IgG1, and IgG2 and high IgA PFC responses. Subclones derived from single cells maintain the parent helper properties when propagated in culture for long periods (greater than 7 mo). Cloned Th A cells are antigen specific and do not support polyclonal or immune responses to other thymus dependent antigens in normal B cell cultures. Th A cells require full histocompatibility for helper functions because addition of cloned Th A cells to B cell cultures from other H-2 types does not result in IgA responses. Cloned Th A cells are Thy-1.2+ and Lyt-1+ and Lyt-2-, Ig-, and I-A . Th A cells bear Fc receptors for IgA and do not possess receptors for IgM or IgG isotypes. Thus, T cells that primarily promote IgA isotype responses have been isolated in high frequency from murine PP, an anatomical site of major importance for induction and regulation of the IgA response. PMID- 6218217 TI - Major histocompatibility complex-restricted self-recognition in responses to trinitrophenyl-Ficoll. A novel cell interaction pathway requiring self recognition of accessory cell H-2 determinants by both T cells and B cells. AB - In vitro primary antibody responses to limiting concentrations of trinitrophenyl (TNP)-Ficoll were shown to be T cell dependent, requiring the cooperation of T helper (TH) cells, B cells, and accessory cells. Under these conditions, TH cells derived from long-term radiation bone marrow chimeras were major histocompatibility complex (MHC) restricted in their ability to cooperate with accessory cells expressing host-type MHC determinants. The requirement for MHC restricted self-recognition by TNP-Ficoll-reactive B cells was assessed under these T-dependent conditions. In the presence of competent TH cells, chimeric B cells were found to be MHC restricted, cooperating only with accessory cells that expressed host-type MHC products. In contrast, the soluble products of certain monoclonal T cell lines were able to directly activate B cells in response to TNP Ficoll, bypassing any requirement for MHC-restricted self-recognition. These findings demonstrate the existence of a novel cell interaction pathway in which B cells as well as TH cells are each required to recognize self-MHC determinants on accessory cells, but are not required to recognize each other. They further demonstrate that the requirement for self-recognition by B cells may be bypassed in certain T-dependent activation pathways. PMID- 6218219 TI - Retrieval processes in continuous recognition. AB - The accuracy and response latency of yes/no recognition decisions were measured in three experiments by the continuous recognition paradigm. The principal independent variable was lag, or the number of intervening items between target presentations. Lag was varied from 0 to 40. A logarithmic function provided a good description of the relation between lag and correct response latency. Item repetition affected the intercept of the logarithmic functions, with little effect on the slope. A noun/nonnoun stimulus manipulation affected the slope of the functions with no appreciable effect on the intercept. The latter result was obtained both for once-repeated and twice-repeated item functions, and both when the stimulus manipulation was a between-lists variable (Experiment 2) and a within-lists variable (Experiment 3). The results were found to be incompatible with Atkinson and Juola's (1973) model and Murdock's (1974) conveyor-belt model. The retrieval theory of Ratcliff (1978) and the multiple-observations model of Pike, Dalgleish, and Wright (1977) provide the most satisfactory account of the present results. However, both models may have difficulty in accounting for the obtained repetition effects. PMID- 6218220 TI - Temporal judgments and contextual change. AB - Three experiments investigated effects of environmental context on temporal memory judgments. An equal number of items occurred within each of two equal durations (D1 and D2). Subjects subsequently were asked to judge the length of a given duration in comparison with the other, then to discriminate the correct list and serial position for each recognized item on a test. If environmental context was unchanged, D1 was remembered as being longer than D2; if the context was disrupted during the interval separating D1 and D2, this effect was reduced; and if the context prevailing during D2 also was changed, the effect was eliminated. List discrimination was improved only if the context was changed. Serial-position judgment was not affected by either manipulation. Changes in process context--the internal context produced by the performance of specific cognitive processes--lengthened remembered duration, but the effect did not simply add on to the effects of environmental context. Results are discussed in terms of a contextual-change hypothesis. PMID- 6218218 TI - Allosuppressor and allohelper T cells in acute and chronic graft-vs.-host disease. II. F1 recipients carrying mutations at H-2K and/or I-A. AB - By induction of a graft-vs.-host reaction (GVHR) in nonirradiated H-2-different F1 mice, one can induce stimulatory pathological symptoms, such as lymphadenopathy and hypergammaglobulinemia, combined with the production of autoantibodies characteristic of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Alternatively, the GVHR can lead to the suppressive pathological symptoms, such as pancytopenia and hypogammaglobulinemia, characteristic of acute GVH disease (GVHD). Whether stimulatory or suppressive symptoms are induced by a GVHR depends, in our view (2-4), on the functional subset of donor T cells activated in the F1 host. The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether class I and/or class II H-2 alloantigens can selectively trigger, out of a pool of unselected donor T cells, those subpopulations of T cells responsible for the stimulatory and suppressive GVH symptoms, respectively. For the induction of the GVHR, 10(8) lymphoid cells from C57BL/6 (B6) donors were injected into three kinds of F1 hybrid mice, which had been bred from H-2 mutant strains on a B6 background. Whereas the I-A-disparate (B6 X bm12)F1 recipients exclusively developed stimulatory GVH symptoms, including SLE-like autoantibodies and immune complex glomerulonephritis, the K locus-disparate (B6 X bm1)F1 recipients showed neither clearly stimulatory nor clearly suppressive GVH symptoms. In marked contrast, the (bm1 X bm12)F1 recipients, which differ from the B6 donor strain by mutations at both K and I-A locus, initially developed stimulatory GVH symptoms, but rapidly thereafter showed the suppressive pathological symptoms of acute GVHD and died. Moreover, spleen cells obtained from (B6 X bm12)F1 mice injected with B6 donor cells helped the primary anti-sheep erythrocyte (SRBC) response of normal (B6 X bm12)F1 spleen cells in vitro, whereas spleen cells (bm1 X bm12)F1 mice injected with B6 donor cells strongly suppressed the primary anti-SRBC response of normal (bm1 X bm12)F1 spleen cells. Spleen cells from the K locus disparate (B6 X bm1)F1 recipients also suppressed the primary anti-SRBC of normal (B6 X bm1)F1 spleen cells; this suppression, however, was weak when compared with the suppression induced by spleen cells from GVH (bm1 X bm12)F1 mice. Taken together, these findings indicate that a small class II (I-A) antigenic difference suffices to trigger the alloreactive donor T helper cells causing SLE like GVHD. In contrast, both class I (H-2K) and class II (I-A) differences are required to trigger the subsets of donor T cells responsible for acute GVHD. It appears that alloreactive donor T helper cells induce the alloreactive T suppressor cells, which then act as the suppressor effector cells causing the pancytopenia of acute GVHD. These findings may help to understand the variability of GVH-like diseases caused by a given etiologic agent, their cellular pathogenesis, and association with certain HLA loci. PMID- 6218221 TI - Comparisons between forms of amnesia: some deficits are unique to Korsakoff's syndrome. AB - Certain features of abnormal memory, which have figured prominently in theoretical treatments of the amnesic syndrome, were assessed in patients with Korsakoff's syndrome, in Case N.A., and in patients receiving electroconvulsive therapy. Patients with Korsakoff's syndrome differed from the other patients by (a) failing to exhibit release from proactive interference, and (b) being disproportionately impaired in the ability to make judgments about the temporal order of recent events. These deficits appear to be related to frontal lobe damage and are superimposed on a more basic memory disorder. Theories of amnesia should be founded on the basic memory disorder and not on deficits such as these, which have no obligatory relationship to amnesia. Dissociations between aspects of memory, revealed by the study of amnesia, can also shed light on the organization of memory in the brain. PMID- 6218222 TI - Short-term recall by deaf signers of American Sign Language: implications of encoding strategy for order recall. AB - Two experiments were conducted on short-term recall of printed English words by deaf signers of American Sign Language (ASL). Compared with hearing subjects, deaf subjects recalled significantly fewer words when ordered recall of words was required, but not when free recall was required. Deaf subjects tended to use a speech-based code in probed recall for order, and the greater the reliance on a speech-based code, the more accurate the recall. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that a speech-based code facilitates the retention of order information. PMID- 6218223 TI - Picture-word differences in decision latency: a test of common-coding assumptions. AB - Three experiments examined the processing of pictures and words in two tasks of semantic decision--judgments of conceptual size and judgments of associative relatedness--in order to test the prediction from single-coding models of memory that different semantic decisions produce comparable picture-word latency differences. In Experiment 1 an interaction in decision latency was found such that picture-picture (P-P) pairs were significantly faster than word-word (W-W) pairs in decisions of size but not in decisions of associative relatedness. In Experiment 2 no latency differences were found in decisions of association for pairs presented in P-P, W-W, or mixed (P-W or W-P) forms. Decisions of size, however, were fastest for P-P pairs, intermediate for mixed pairs, and slowest for W-W pairs. In a third experiment, using a speeded inference task, the interaction obtained in the first two experiments was reproduced. In light of these results possible revisions to common-coding assumptions about the processing of pictures and words in semantic decisions are discussed. PMID- 6218224 TI - Effect of distraction on reading versus listening. AB - Levy (1977) reported a series of experiments in which a distracting task (counting aloud) interfered more with reading than with listening. The results were interpreted as evidence of the importance of phonological recoding during reading. In a similar experiment we varied the nature of the distracting task, using one task related to speech (counting aloud) and one task not related to speech (manual response to a threshold shock). Both distracting tasks led to similar results, namely, more interference with reading than listening. On the basis of our results and a consideration of related literature, we ascribe the selective interference effect to the relative difficulty of reading over listening rather than to the importance of speech recoding in reading. PMID- 6218225 TI - Signs as pictures and signs as words: effect of language knowledge on memory for new vocabulary. AB - The role of sensory attributes in a vocabulary learning task was investigated for a non-oral language. Deaf and hearing individuals, more or less skilled in the use of sign language, were asked to learn the English meanings of 22 invented signs which followed the rules of formation for signs in American Sign Language. Each sign stimulus was highly similar in formation to another sign in the set. It was expected that skilled signers would be less affected by this formational similarity because of their greater familiarity with the linguistic structure of sign language. Furthermore, it was suggested that skilled signers would form a visual-linguistic code for the signs while unskilled signers would produce a code from general visual-pictorial processes. These representation differences were expected to lead to qualitatively different error patterns in response to sign similarity. All expectations were confirmed. Skilled signers encoded invented signs in terms of linguistic structure, while unskilled individuals approached the signs as visual-pictorial events. Although both codes are sensory, one reflects linguistic abstraction, and the other does not. PMID- 6218226 TI - Dividing attention within and between hemispheres: testing a multiple resources approach to limited-capacity information processing. AB - Two experiments tested the limiting case of a multiple resources approach to resource allocation in information processing. In this framework, the left and right hemispheres are assumed to have separate, limited-capacity pools of undifferentiated resources that are not mutually accessible, so that tasks can overlap in their demand for these resources either completely, partially, or not at all. We tested all three degrees of overlap in demand for left hemisphere supplies, using dual-task methodology in which subjects were induced to pay different amounts of attention to each task. Experiment 1 compared complete and partial overlap by combining a verbal memory load with a task in which subjects named nonsense syllables briefly presented to either the left or right visual field (LVF and RVF, respectively). Experiment 2 compared complete versus no overlap by using the same verbal memory load combined with a laterally presented same-different judgment task that did not require a spoken response. Decrements from single-task performance were always more severe when the visual field task stimulus was presented to the RVF. Further, subjects in Experiment 1 were able to trade performance between tasks on both LVF and RVF trials because there was always at least some overlap in left hemisphere demand. In Experiment 2, performance trade-offs were observed on RVF (complete overlap) trials, but not on LVF trials, where no overlap in demand existed. These results contradict a single capacity model, but they support the idea that the hemispheres' resource supplies are independent and have implications for both cerebral specialization and divided attention issues. PMID- 6218227 TI - Divided attention abilities in young and old adults. AB - The literature on divided attention and adult aging has not taken age differences in single-task performance into account, and it has not been able to measure divided attention independently of resource allocation strategies. Two experiments are reported that controlled for these factors. In the first experiment, young (18-23 years) and old (57-76 years) subjects made responses to two simultaneous visual displays. Stimulus durations were manipulated to equate single-task performances, and across different conditions subjects were induced to vary the way in which they allocated resources between the two displays. In the second experiment, response time was the dependent variable; dual-task scores were assessed relative to each subject's single-task scores. No significant age difference in divided attention ability independent of single-task performance level was found in either experiment. The existing literature must be reexamined in light of these issues. PMID- 6218228 TI - Spatial compatibility effects on the same side of the body midline. AB - Stimulus-response compatibility effects have been hypothesized to result (a) from a subject's innate tendency to respond in the direction of the source of stimulation, (b) from a correspondence between the spatial codes associated with the effector and the stimulus, or (c) from an attentional bias favoring the effector located in the same hemispace as the command signal. Two experiments were conducted to test these three hypotheses. In Experiment 1 the subjects were requested to make unimanual discriminative key-pressing responses to two light stimuli, both appearing to either the right or left of the fixation point. In one condition the two hands were in anatomical position (uncrossed); in the other they were crossed. The procedure of Experiment 2 was similar to that of Experiment 1 with the exception that both hands, always in an uncrossed position, were placed on the same side of the body midline (on the right or left). The results showed that the compatibility effect depends on a correspondence between the spatial codes associated with the location of the effector and the location of the command stimulus. PMID- 6218229 TI - Predicting the perception of three-dimensional objects from the geometrical information in drawings. AB - Three experiments investigated the hypothesis that perceived dimensionality of drawings of an object increases with the complexity of the drawings. Experiment 1 examined drawings of transparent objects. The results strongly supported this hypothesis: Judgments of each object tested increased approximately as step functions of complexity. In addition, the complexity at which the step occurred increased with the complexity of the object. Similar results were obtained in Experiment 2, which investigated drawings of solid objects. These experiments also provided support for a measure of complexity that includes a measure of how much is in the drawing as well as how organized the drawing is. In Experiment 2, there were some judgments that did not fit the hypothesis. Experiment 3 investigated the possibility that the deviant judgments were produced by alternate three-dimensional interpretations of the drawings. Results indicated that 12% of the drawings had multiple three-dimensional interpretations, but this did not explain the deviant judgments. Several methods of expanding the complexity hypothesis to handle the multiple interpretations and the deviant judgments are discussed. PMID- 6218230 TI - Textural effects in perceived pointing of ambiguous triangles. AB - Five experiments examined the influence of textural stripes on perceived pointing of ambiguous (equilateral) triangles. Reaction times for discriminating specific directions of pointing were measured for plain triangles and for triangles containing stripes that were either coincident with or perpendicular to one of the three possible directions of pointing. Perceptual interference occurred when the stripes biased a direction other than one specified by the discrimination task. The magnitude of the interference decreased (a) as the environmental salience of the specified direction increased and (b) as the spatial frequency of the stripes increased. Further results indicated that this frequency effect is relative to the size of the triangle; it is not determined by absolute (retinal) frequency. Stripes in the ground region surrounding the triangle also produced interference. However, this interference decreased as the region around the triangle was cleared of stripes. The results are discussed in terms of factors that determine the qualitative and quantitative nature of the interference effect, particularly symmetry and spatial frequency. PMID- 6218231 TI - Control of fixation duration in visual search and memory search: another look. AB - In visual search a variable delay (up to 150 msec) between the beginning of each fixation and the onset of a search stimulus reduces the time (oculomotor latency) between stimulus onset and the subject's next saccadic eye movement. Two hypotheses for this effect of stimulus onset delay (SOD) were compared: first, process monitoring, that SOD simply serves as a warning interval to facilitate saccadic responses; and second, preprogramming, that saccades are preprogrammed at short SODs. In the first experiment SOD produced a decline in oculomotor latency in search similar to that seen in previous studies. In the second and third experiments, the size of the memory set in a Sternberg memory search paradigm was varied, or a mask flanking some of the search stimuli was used, to vary the processing time of each stimulus. Partial preprogramming of saccades at short delays would predict that increasing the processing time of individual stimuli would increase oculomotor latency at only short SODs. However, oculomotor latency increased equally at all SODs. In this search task, then, the SODs appeared to facilitate saccade initiation. PMID- 6218232 TI - Recognition time for letters and nonletters: effects of serial position, array size, and processing order. AB - Three experiments address the question of whether end-effects (the advantage for the first and last letters in multi-letter arrays) are due to sensory or cognitive factors. The basic strategy used was to compare letters with symbol stimuli that do not lend themselves to top-down processing. Serial position functions using central fixation were obtained in the first experiment for letters, digits, and symbols. End-effects were present with both letters and digits, indicating that processes limited to word recognition cannot be responsible for end-effects. Five-symbol arrays, however, yielded U-shaped reaction time functions, with poorest performance at the initial and terminal positions. The effects of array size and retinal placement were investigated with letters and symbols in a second experiment. Multi-letter and symbol arrays differed primarily in that letters showed end-effects that were independent of retinal placement, whereas symbols did not. The conclusion that multi-letter and symbol arrays are not processed in the same way was tested in a third experiment. Using a paradigm that eliminated processing order as a variable, the experiment obtained identical effects of ordinal position within an array for letters, digits, and symbols. It is concluded that sensory factors cannot provide a viable account of letter end-effects and that letter and nonletter comparisons can improve our understanding of the sensory and cognitive factors involved in letter perception. PMID- 6218233 TI - Semantic context effects in visual word recognition, sentence processing, and reading: evidence for semantic strategies. AB - Earlier research studying the effects of semantic context on single words suggested that subjects may have two strategies for using a context (Becker, 1980). The present research finds that the semantic context strategies may be used in reading short sentences. Further, individual differences in context effects both in a word-level task and in a sentence-level task are related to individual differences in reading continuous text. These results are presented within the framework of the verification model (Becker, 1976, 1980), and the implications for two-process theory (Stanovich & West, 1979, 1981) are discussed. PMID- 6218235 TI - Experimental test of contemporary mathematical models of visual letter recognition. AB - A letter confusion experiment that used brief durations manipulated payoffs across the four stimulus letters, which were composed of line segments equal in length. The observers were required to report the features they perceived as well as to give a letter response. The early feature-sampling process is separated from the later letter-decision process in the substantive feature models, and predictions are thus obtained for the frequencies of feature report as well as letter report. Four substantive visual feature-processing models are developed and tested against one another and against three models of a more descriptive nature. The substantive models predict the decisional letter report phase much better than they do the feature-sampling phase, but the best overall 4 X 4 letter confusion matrix fits are obtained with one of the descriptive models, the similarity choice model. The present and other recent results suggest that the assumption that features are sampled in a stochastically independent manner may not be generally valid. The traditional high-threshold conceptualization of feature sampling is also falsified by the frequent reporting by observers of features not contained in the stimulus letter. PMID- 6218234 TI - Words, pictures, and priming: on semantic activation, conscious identification, and the automaticity of information processing. AB - We investigated the encoding mechanisms involved in the perceptual recognition of words and pictures. Latencies in naming word and picture targets were analyzed as a function of several characteristics of a preceding prime, including whether it was a word or a picture, its duration of exposure, the interval between the prime and target onset, and whether or not the prime was consciously identified and reported by the subject. Results indicated that a common semantic code is available that can represent the meaning of either a word or a picture. This semantic representation, however, appears to be more easily activated by picture primes than by word primes and seems to benefit the naming of picture targets more than the naming of word targets. Despite the advantage for pictures with respect to semantic activation, overall processing in the naming task was slower and more attention demanding for pictures than for words. Comparison of our data with data on classification, in which an opposite pattern occurs (overall processing appears to be slower and more attention demanding for words than for pictures), suggests that, on the average, pictures have faster and more automatic access to their meanings than to their names but that words have faster and more automatic access to their names than to their meanings. This conclusion concerning the relative ability of stimuli to activate different kinds of internal representations has implications for a theory of the basis and development of automaticity. PMID- 6218236 TI - Stimulus-response compatibility for left-right discriminations as a function of stimulus position. AB - In two experiments, choice response times to visual stimuli (word and arrow) were measured. The stimuli were presented briefly (180 msec) in left and right visual half-field (VHF). Each stimulus required a left-right discrimination; however, half the stimuli were positive (e.g., LEFT), and half were negative (e.g., NOT RIGHT). In Experiment 1, button-pressing responses in the midsagittal plane were used; in Experiment 2, vocal responses were used. There was a strong stimulus response (S-R) compatibility effect, influenced by the interaction of negation (positive vs. negative) and stimulus position (VHF). Latencies were faster to positive stimuli whose direction and VHF matched than to positive stimuli whose direction and VHF did not correspond. Conversely, latencies were faster to negative stimuli when response direction and VHF did not match than when direction and VHF did correspond. These results replicate the S-R compatibility effect found by Whitaker (1980) using foveal stimuli. The results were analyzed with regard to a hemisphere activation model proposed by Cotton, Tzeng, and Hardyck (1980) but were found to fit Whitaker's (1980) model better. PMID- 6218238 TI - Grouping of phosphoglucomutase in human hair roots--a case report. PMID- 6218237 TI - Time course analysis of the Stroop phenomenon. AB - Dyer (1971) investigated the response competition hypothesis of the Stroop phenomenon by temporally separating the color and word components of single stimuli (incongruent, control, and congruent). This line of research was continued in a series of five experiments that generalized Dyer's study: (a) In addition to the color-naming task, a reading task was included; (b) the irrelevant stimulus component was presented before and after the relevant one; (c) the probabilities of congruent and incongruent stimuli were varied; (d) besides color-word/color stimuli, color-color and word-word stimuli were used; and (e) the functional discrimination (color naming or reading) was compared with a sequential discrimination task. The data suggest the following temporal relations: (a) a slow facilitation due to response bias; (b) its inhibitory counterpart; and (c) a fast, strong inhibition with no facilitatory complement that seems to correspond to the usual Stroop conflict but that seems to occur earlier than the response execution stage. PMID- 6218239 TI - [Mediofacial malignant granuloma. Anatomo-clinical study of 6 cases]. PMID- 6218240 TI - [Problems posed by vestibular neuronitis (104 cases). Preliminary study]. PMID- 6218241 TI - [CO2 laser treatment of laryngopyocele]. PMID- 6218242 TI - [Altered food pathways of neurologic origin in the adult]. PMID- 6218243 TI - [Cis-platinum and polychemotherapy in the initial treatment of extensive carcinoma of the upper aerodigestive tract (45 cases)]. PMID- 6218244 TI - [Ossicular prosthesis]. PMID- 6218245 TI - [Tympanoplasty: functional restoration in lysis of the stapes branches]. PMID- 6218246 TI - [Systematization of position nystagmus]. PMID- 6218247 TI - [Salivary secretion]. PMID- 6218248 TI - [Early evoked potentials and myogenic potentials in brain stem pathology]. PMID- 6218249 TI - [Verrucous carcinoma of the larynx]. PMID- 6218250 TI - [Anesthesia without intubation for laser surgery in otorhinolaryngology. 961 personal cases]. PMID- 6218251 TI - [Critical reflections on the treatment of cancer of the pyriform sinus]. PMID- 6218252 TI - [Pharyngoplasty using prevertebral aponeurosis after wide pharyngeal excision for cancer of the pyriform sinus]. PMID- 6218253 TI - [Hearing aids for the adult]. PMID- 6218255 TI - [Anatomy of the footplate of the stapes]. PMID- 6218254 TI - [What is your diagnosis? Carcinoma on an old caustic stenosis of the esophagus]. PMID- 6218257 TI - Proteolytic activation of influenza WSN virus in cultured cells is performed by homologous plasma enzymes. AB - The effect of chick embryo allantoic fluid, porcine plasma or canine plasma on virus progeny was studied in cultured chicken, porcine and canine cells infected with influenza WSN virus. Cells incubated either without plasma or with heterologous plasma produced virions which had uncleaved haemagglutinin and low infectivity. Cells incubated with homologous plasma produced highly infectious virions with cleaved haemagglutinin. Little increase of progeny virus infectivity was observed in canine cell-porcine plasma and porcine cell-canine plasma host systems. The addition of protease inhibitors to culture containing homologous plasma, in particular epsilon-amino-n-caproic acid (an inhibitor of plasminogen activation), suppressed cleavage of haemagglutinin, and virions which had uncleaved haemagglutinin and low infectivity were produced by the cells. It therefore follows that haemagglutinin cleavage and activation of influenza WSN virus infectivity in cultured cells is most efficiently performed by homologous plasma proteolytic enzyme(s). The mechanism of selective plasma-mediated influenza virus proteolytic activation in homologous cells is discussed. PMID- 6218256 TI - Antibacterial effect of the scandium and indium complexes of enterochelin on Escherichia coli. AB - Enterochelin, the iron chelator produced by a number of pathogenic enterobacteria, appears to be an essential metabolite for multiplication within the host, where it transports iron from the host iron-binding proteins to the bacteria. Previous work showed that complexes of enterochelin containing either scandium (Sc3+) or indium (In3+) exerted a bacteriostatic effect on Klebsiella pneumoniae in serum, whilst the Sc3+ complex exerted a significant therapeutic effect on mice infected with K. pneumoniae. These observations have now been extended to a number of pathogenic serotypes of Escherichia coli including those carrying either the K1 antigen or the ColV plasmid. The Sc3+ and In3+ complexes each exert a bacteriostatic effect on these organisms growing in either whole serum or media containing an iron-binding protein. Evidence is presented that the Sc3+ complex may act as a competitive inhibitor of the Fe3+ complex. In contrast to their effects on K. pneumoniae, sideramines other than enterochelin fail to reverse the bacteriostatic effect of the Sc3+ complex of enterochelin in E. coli, suggesting that the complex produces a more profound derangement of metabolism in this organism. The Sc3+ complex exerts a significant therapeutic effect on E. coli infections in mice although the In3+ complex is less active. PMID- 6218258 TI - Effect of multiplicity of infection on transcription in Escherichia coli cells infected by bacteriophage lambda. AB - The effect of multiplicity of infection (m.o.i.) on transcription was studied by infecting Escherichia coli with bacteriophage lambda cI47, lambda cI47O29P3 and lambda cI857cro27P3. DNA-RNA hybridization with lambda cI47 l-strand DNA, phi 80imm lambda r-strand DNA, and lambda imm80 r-strand DNA were used to measure mRNA transcription from the l-strand, the r-strand of the early x-P-Q region and the late A-J-b2 region of lambda bacteriophage respectively. In lambda cI47cro+O P--infected cells, transcription from the l-strand, r-strand of the early x-P-Q region and the late A-J-b2 region all decreased with increasing m.o.i. The response in the x-P-Q region was less marked than in other regions, but the pattern looked similar to that described above. When phage DNA replication was permitted, as in the case of lambda cI47, the response was similar to that observed in lambda cI47cro+O-P--infected cells, but the level of transcription was increased two- or threefold. In lambda cI857cro-P--infected cells, the leftward transcription and the rightward transcription from the early x-P-Q region and the late A-J-b2 region all increased with increasing m.o.i., but the extent of change was less drastic than with lambda cro+. This result demonstrated clearly that the decrease in transcription from various regions at increasing m.o.i. of lambda cro+ was due to the inhibitory action of the cro gene product. The results obtained with cro- strongly support the view that gene dosage is a significant controlling factor for the extent of gene expression. PMID- 6218259 TI - Structure and properties of the rapidly sedimenting replicating complex of staphylococcal phage K DNA. AB - Rapidly sedimenting complexes (RSCs) of replicating phage K DNA, isolated by rate zonal centrifugation in sucrose gradients, contain bacterial membrane lipids and protein. During the first half of the latent period the number of DNA molecules in a RSC increased from 1 to about 27. Digestion by Pronase caused the complexes to dissociate and release virion lengths of DNA which sedimented slowly like free mature DNA. RSCs treated with SDS disintegrated and released tangled DNA molecules, each about one virion length in size, but these structures retained their fast sedimentation characteristic. Chloramphenicol (CM) at 100 micrograms/ml did not completely inhibit complex formation or DNA replication, indicating that pre-existing host proteins were involved in these processes. CM reduced DNA replication by 50 to 80%. It is concluded that phage K DNA replicates attached to the cytoplasmic membrane of the host. PMID- 6218260 TI - Demonstrating patency of STA-MCA anastomosis with Tc-99m albumin microspheres. AB - A patient with occlusion of the left internal carotid artery underwent an anastomosis between branches of the left superficial temporal and middle cerebral arteries (STA-MCA). A left carotid angiogram 9 days later showed extreme, tapered narrowing of the involved STA branch, with no filling of the MCA from the bypass. A year later, symptoms had improved slightly, and a minimally invasive study was made with Tc-99m human albumin microspheres. This showed patency of the bypass, with intracranial perfusion in the MCA field, findings later confirmed by a repeat left carotid angiogram. It appears that Tc-99m HAM scintigraphy will be useful in assessing the effectiveness of this and other bypass operations. PMID- 6218262 TI - Digestion and absorption of NAD by the small intestine of the rat. AB - A number of preparations of varying complexity have been used in an effort to elucidate the reactions by which NAD is hydrolyzed to nicotinamide during intestinal digestion. NAD labeled with 14C in the adenine or pyridine moiety was the substrate used with perfused rat intestine, live rats, perfused live rats, with collection of portal flow, intestinal contents, mucosal tissue, or pancreatic juice. The conclusions reached are that a pyrophosphatase present in the intestinal juice and to a much lesser extent in the pancreatic juice releases 5'-AMP and nicotinamide ribonucleotide. The 5'-AMP was rapidly converted to adenosine then to inosine by bacteria-free intestinal contents. Perfused or intact intestine rapidly hydrolyzed NMN to nicotinamide riboside, which accumulated, but was not absorbed. It was slowly cleaved by an enzyme associated with the mucosal cells to nicotinamide, which was the major if not the only labeled compound absorbed. PMID- 6218261 TI - Metabolic effects of nicotinamide administration in rats. AB - Male rats fed a 12% casein diet without choline were injected i.p. daily for 2 or 5 weeks with either saline or 6, 20 or 60 mg of nicotinamide (NAM) per 100 g body weight. Weight gain, food intake and gain/food were lower for the NAM-treated groups compared to the controls. Urinary excretion of the major metabolite, N1 methylnicotinamide (NMN) increased with increasing dose of NAM. NAM administration did not alter the activity of hepatic nicotinamide methyltransferase. Excretion of another metabolite, N1-methyl-2-pyridone-5 carboxamide (2-PYR) was low and showed minimal changes in response to NAM administration. NAM administration did not affect urinary creatinine excretion. Livers of the NAM-injected groups were hypertrophied, and the total lipid content was increased. Kidney hypertrophy was also noted. Plasma and liver choline levels were decreased in response to NAM administration. We conclude that chronic NAM administration resulted in a methyl-group deficiency state due to the greatly increased need for methylation of NAM. PMID- 6218263 TI - Total employee health care. PMID- 6218264 TI - School intervention for the neuromuscularly handicapped child. AB - School problems are common in children with neuromuscular disease irrespective of their degree of handicap. They are related to difficulties in transportation and access, difficulties with adaptation of school tasks to the motorically handicapped, and difficulties that arise because of misunderstanding of the disease processes by teachers and parents. Most of these can be easily rectified by efforts by the clinic staff to educate school personnel and to enlist them as members of the treatment team. In view of the importance of the school experience to this group of patients, it is urged that these problems be identified and aggressively managed by those involved in the care of neuromuscularly handicapped children. PMID- 6218265 TI - Thiabendazole-associated grand mal seizures in a patient with Down syndrome. PMID- 6218266 TI - Temperament patterns in young neurologically impaired children. PMID- 6218267 TI - Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans in human periodontal disease. Association, serology, leukotoxicity, and treatment. PMID- 6218268 TI - Pathobiology of oral spirochetes in periodontal disease. PMID- 6218269 TI - Identification of tissue-invading bacteria in human periodontal disease. PMID- 6218270 TI - Preliminary evaluation of the microflora in spontaneous and induced necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis in the beagle dog. PMID- 6218271 TI - Suppression of lymphocyte responses by Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans. PMID- 6218272 TI - Blastogenic responsiveness in periodontally healthy subjects. Evidence for mitogenic activity in oral bacteria. PMID- 6218273 TI - Peripheral blood lymphocyte populations in ligature-induced periodontitis. PMID- 6218274 TI - Characterization of the immunocompetent cells in human advanced periodontitis. PMID- 6218275 TI - Serum antibodies to Bacteroides species in human periodontitis. PMID- 6218276 TI - Humoral immune responses and diagnosis of human periodontal disease. PMID- 6218277 TI - Activity of human serum immunoglobulins to seven anaerobic oral bacteria before and after periodontal treatment. PMID- 6218278 TI - Human mononuclear phagocytes stimulated by C3 cleavage products and soluble immune complexes synthesize and release prostaglandin. PMID- 6218279 TI - The cortical actin networks of migrating human PMNs. PMID- 6218280 TI - Periodontal diseases and impaired neutrophil function. PMID- 6218281 TI - Assessment of host defenses and serum antibodies to suspected periodontal pathogens in patients with various types of periodontitis. PMID- 6218282 TI - Leukocyte function, microflora, and antibody studies of four families with periodontitis. PMID- 6218283 TI - Neutrophil functional activity in juvenile and adult onset diabetic patients with mild and severe periodontitis. PMID- 6218284 TI - Effect of lysosomal enzymes isolated from polymorphonuclear leukocytes on periodontal tissues. PMID- 6218285 TI - The role of the polymorphonuclear leukocyte in the control of subgingival plaque formation. PMID- 6218286 TI - X-ray image subtraction as a basis for assessment of periodontal changes. PMID- 6218288 TI - Parametric vs. nonparametric: analyzing the periodontal and gingival indicies. PMID- 6218287 TI - Longitudinal study of alveolar bone mass changes by 125I absorptiometry in periodontitis and normal subjects. PMID- 6218289 TI - The use of selective media for examining relationships between dental plaque microorganisms and periodontal disease in a large sample clinical investigation. PMID- 6218290 TI - Periodontal disease activity. PMID- 6218291 TI - Regulation of the attachment and migration of bone cells in vitro. PMID- 6218292 TI - Molecular factors determining gingival tissue interaction with tooth structure. PMID- 6218293 TI - The effect of metronidazole therapy on human periodontal disease. PMID- 6218294 TI - The ultrastructure of cat fusimotor endings and their relationship to foci of sarcomere convergence in intrafusal fibres. AB - 1. Six muscle spindle poles, five from experiments in which foci of sarcomere convergence had been observed during stimulation of fusimotor axons, were serially sectioned for light and electron microscopy. Every somatic motor terminal was studied in ultrathin sections at several levels.2. In all six poles static gamma axons, or presumed static gamma axons, supplying the static bag(2) fibre and/or chain fibres had no terminations on the dynamic bag(1) fibre. In five poles, the dynamic bag(1) fibre was selectively innervated by dynamic gamma or beta axons save in one case where a dynamic gamma axon also innervated one chain fibre.3. Seventy-seven motor endings were of four distinct ultrastructural types: ;m(a) plates' lay superficially on the surface of static bag(2) or chain fibres; ;m(b) plates' were deeply indented into dynamic bag(1) fibres; in ;m(c) plates', found on chain fibres only, the muscle surface was thrown into projecting fingers between which the axon terminals were embedded; one type ;m(d) plate' was found, fully indented into a long chain fibre. A few plates of intermediate form (m(ab)) were variants of m(a) and m(b) plates.4. The muscle membrane beneath both m(a) and m(b) plates was smooth, or had a few wide, shallow folds; m(c) plates usually had wide, shallow subjunctional folds; numerous deep, narrow folds were characteristic of the m(d) plate. The length of unmyelinated pre-terminal axon or the number of sole plate nuclei were not useful diagnostic features.5. Obvious foci of sarcomere convergence in the capsular sleeve region of dynamic bag(1) and static bag(2) fibres coincided with the location of motor plates. Additional contraction foci were observed in the extracapsular region of dynamic bag(1) fibres where there was no motor innervation; contraction occurs principally in the outer half of these fibres. No foci of contraction or motor plates were observed in the extracapsular region of static bag(2) fibres; contraction in these fibres is typically mid-polar.6. In some poles local contraction of chain fibres centred on the location of m(c) plates. In others, very localized contraction occurred distal to the sites of m(a) plates. Both m(a) and m(c) plates were never found on the same pole of a chain fibre.7. Dynamic gamma or beta axons end in m(b) plates, probably equivalent to p(2) plates. The concept of distinctly different p(1) and p(2) plates on dynamic bag(1) fibres, supplied by dynamic beta and gamma axons, respectively, is not supported by ultrastructural evidence.8. Some static gamma axons end in multiple m(a) plates which correspond with ;trail endings', or in single large m(a) plates, on static bag(2) or chain fibres. The m(c) plates are the terminations of other static gamma, or occasionally dynamic gamma, axons on chain fibres. Static beta axons probably end in m(d) plates on long chain fibres which may correspond with p(1) plates.9. It is proposed that there are two types of static gamma motoneurone, one terminating in m(a) plates and the other in m(c) plates, possibly directed preferentially towards static bag(2) fibres and chain fibres, respectively. PMID- 6218295 TI - Muscle receptors in the cross-reinnervated soleus muscle of the cat. AB - 1. Discharges have been recorded from afferents of the soleus muscle following reinnervation by the nerve of a fast twitch muscle, extensor digitorum longus. Recordings were made 227-449 d post-operatively.2. The gross afferent discharge from the cross-reinnervated soleus suggested the presence of fewer mechanosensitive receptors than in normal muscles, as judged by discharges seen during a maximal muscle twitch.3. A comparison of receptors in the cross reinnervated muscle with afferents from a self-reinnervated muscle showed that many of the responses in the self-reinnervated muscle were also abnormal. It was concluded that much of the disruption resulted from the surgical interference and that rather less could be attributed to the foreign nerve.4. A detailed analysis of response characteristics of receptors in cross-reinnervated soleus muscles of five cats showed that afferent conduction velocities of identified spindles and tendon organs were generally lower than normal and responses to muscle stretch or vibration were often atypical. A large number of afferents which could not be classified as muscle spindles or tendon organs included a group called contraction receptors. These responded generally only during maximal muscle contractions and with a rather feeble discharge. A second group consisted of afferents in which impulses could be elicited by electrical stimulation of the nerve but not by any mechanical activity in the muscle.5. In a further five animals a detailed study was made of the motor supply of muscle spindles. A fusimotor innervation was common, but invariably stimulation of the gamma fibre had a static action on the spindle. No purely dynamic fusimotor fibres were encountered. There were many static beta fibres (skeletofusimotor) no dynamic betas and three axons conducting in the alpha range, which developed no tension, yet produced specific intrafusal effects. Two of these had a mixed static-dynamic action while the third was purely static.6. It was concluded that in the cross reinnervated soleus muscle the majority of afferents were abnormal in one or other respect. The central action of such abnormal receptors would have to be taken into account when seeking explanations of the transformation of a muscle's mechanical properties following reinnervation by a foreign nerve. PMID- 6218296 TI - In vivo comparison of a microfilled and a composite resin: a three-year report. PMID- 6218297 TI - Evaluation of clinical methods for assessing restorations. PMID- 6218298 TI - Hormone levels in serum and seminal plasma of men with different types of azoospermia. AB - Hormone concentrations in the serum and seminal plasma of 15 normozoospermic, 17 excretory azoospermic and 14 secretory azoospermic men were measured. The results indicate that: (a) serum FSH and LH levels are markedly elevated in secretory azoospermia, as compared with excretory azoospermia and normozoospermia; (b) serum 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone levels are somewhat raised in secretory azoospermia as compared with excretory azoospermia and normozoospermia; (c) serum testosterone levels are lower in both types of azoospermia with respect to normozoospermia; (d) in secretory azoospermia the oestradiol serum levels are relatively high and dihydrotestosterone serum levels relatively low, whereas the serum levels of these hormones in excretory azoospermia are similar to those in normozoospermic men; (e) in the seminal plasma of azoospermic patients the levels of prolactin, progesterone, testosterone, dihydrotestosterone and oestradiol were depressed, but only dihydrotestosterone levels could be of value in differentiating types of azoospermia because they are lower in secretory azoospermia. We suggest that the measurement of FSH, LH, 17 alpha hydroxyprogesterone, dihydrotestosterone and oestradiol in serum and dihydrotestosterone in seminal plasma may be used in the differential diagnosis between secretory and excretory azoospermia when invasive tests are unavailable. PMID- 6218300 TI - "Not the world as it is . . . the world as it should be" Why there needs to be kids on the block. PMID- 6218299 TI - Active suppression of host-vs-graft reaction in pregnant mice. IV. Local suppressor cells in decidua and uterine blood. AB - The mammalian fetus bears a wide variety of antigens against which the maternal immune system can respond. Although some of these antigens are transplantation antigens, the type of immune response mounted by the mother seems incapable of mediating graft rejection. We have previously demonstrated suppressor cells in the lymph nodes draining the uterus (DLN) that regulate the immune response in allogeneically pregnant C3H/HeJ and CBA/J mice. The suppressor cells were shown to be small lymphocytes (sedimenting at 3 mm/h at unit gravity) resistant to anti T cell serum + complement that elaborated a soluble suppressor activity and selectively inhibited the generation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) reactive with paternal alloantigens. Suppression could be induced in the DLN by syngeneic pregnancy or pseudopregnancy, and behaved as an anatomically localized activity during pregnancy. We now report that during first allogeneic pregnancy, the most potent suppressor cell activity is found in lymphocytes in uterine venous blood and in decidual lymphocytes. This suppressor cell population also sediments at 3 mm/h and is associated with production of a soluble suppressor factor. Substantial suppressor cell activity can also be obtained from the deciduomata of pseudopregnant mice. Local suppressor cell activity within the uterus may play an important role in ensuring the immunological success of the fetal allograft. PMID- 6218301 TI - Preventive psychotherapeutic measures for use with non-vocal clients. A case study. PMID- 6218302 TI - Synthesis and antiinflammatory activity of hexahydrothiopyrano[4,3-c]pyrazoles and related analogues. AB - A series of novel hexahydrothiopyrano[4,3-c]pyrazoles and related analogues were prepared and tested for antiinflammatory activity by using the mouse active Arthus reaction and the delayed hypersensitivity skin reaction in guinea pigs as primary screens. The compounds of most interest, 18 and 28, were further tested in a model of adjuvant-induced arthritis; in this system, both compounds were active when dosed intraperitoneally but failed to produce significant activity when dosed orally at subtoxic doses. PMID- 6218303 TI - Lymphocyte interphase chromatin in healthy subjects, patients with Down's syndrome, and their parents and sibs. AB - A study of the interphase chromatin structure of lymphocytes in healthy subjects, patients with Down's syndrome, and their parents and sibs was carried out by AO labelled fluorometry using our modification of DNP cell thermal denaturation. Analysis by the Sperry Univac 90/30-B computer showed that in 40% of healthy subjects the lymphocyte chromatin melting profiles had a regularly repeated curve with six (seven) maxima at definite temperatures. In the remaining 60% some regularly repeated deviations were present and were correlated with the sex of the subject examined. There were five subgroups in the female group and seven subgroups in the male group. In 97% of patients with Down's syndrome the lymphocyte chromatin melting profiles gave curves with three maxima at temperatures of 65, 85, and 92 degrees C (+/- 2 degrees). Maxima at 78 and 45 degrees C were absent. In 80% of the mothers of probands with Down's syndrome and in 30% of female sibships, lymphocyte melting profiles also produced curves with three maxima: 65, 85, and 92 degrees C (+/- 2 degrees). In view of the fact that similar changes were observed in mothers and female sibs only, we propose that some women may have genotypical peculiarities which may possibly contribute to the origin of this chromosome pathology. PMID- 6218304 TI - An association study of Huntington's disease and HLA. AB - HLA antigens were determined in a sample of 47 patients with the diagnosis and family history of Huntington's disease (HD). Two groups consisting of 20 and 11 unrelated patients respectively were investigated. In the first group an increased frequency of HLA-Bw44 (p less than 0.05) and of HLA-A11 (p less than 0.05) was found, but after correcting for multiple inferences the differences were no longer statistically significant. No correlation was found between sex, age of onset, initial symptom, and HLA type. In order to find out if the increased frequency of HLA-Bw44 was real or due to chance, the second group of patients was investigated. In this group the frequency of HLA-Bw44 did not differ from the normal population and a strong association between HLA and HD could be excluded. PMID- 6218305 TI - Susceptibility of anaerobic bacteria to beta-lactam antibiotics and beta lactamase production. AB - We examined the susceptibility of various anaerobes to four beta-lactamase susceptible (ampicillin, amoxycillin, cyclacillin, and penicillin G) and two beta lactamase resistant (moxalactam, and N-F-thienamycin) beta-lactam antibiotics and measured beta-lactamase production. Members of the Bacteroides groups were most resistant to the six antibiotics. N-F-thienamycin was the most effective antimicrobial agent against all the test strains, moxalactam the next most effective, and penicillin G the least. Beta-lactamase production was mainly confined to Bacteroides species. Cephalosporinase was the most common beta lactamase produced; penicillinase was detected less often. About two thirds of the penicillin-resistant isolates produced cephalosporinase. N-F-thienamycin and moxalactam were the most active agents against those anaerobes that were resistant to many beta-lactam antibiotics. PMID- 6218306 TI - Suppressor cell activity, splenic function and HLA B8 status in man. AB - The enhanced proliferative response of peripheral blood lymphocytes (P.B.L.) to Concanavalin A (Con A) occurring after a 24 hr period of incubation was used as the basis of a suppressor cell assay and the results expressed as a suppressor index (S.I.) which if low implies impaired suppressor cell activity. S.I. was measured on P.B.L. from 26 patients with coeliac disease and defined splenic function, 8 patients with splenic atrophy not associated with coeliac disease, 30 patients after surgical splenectomy, and 52 controls. S.I. was lower than control in the splenectomy group (P less than 0.01) and in the coeliac group, but coeliacs with splenic atrophy were no different from coeliacs with apparently normal splenic function, nor were the non-coeliac splenic atrophy group different from control. Coeliacs with the HLA B8 gene had lower S.I. than those without, as did controls. Suspensions of cells from spleens removed at laparotomy demonstrated suppressor activity but this was no more marked than in P.B.L. It is concluded that the intact spleen is required for normal activation of suppressor cells in man, but this function is retained in splenic atrophy, and that the HLA B8 gene is associated with low suppressor cell activity in coeliac disease and in health. PMID- 6218307 TI - Nonspecific suppressor cells in rheumatoid arthritis. Con A and PHA induced suppressor cell activity. AB - Suppression of the blastogenic response by autologous cells precultured with Concanavalin A (Con A) or Phytohemagglutinin (PHA) was studied in an in vitro system. The mean mitogen response of cells from normal individuals and from patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) in isologous plasma was similar. In isologous plasma there was no significant difference between the activity of Con A suppressor cells of normals and those of RA. Incubation of the cells in RA plasma abrogated the suppression in both normals and RA patients. In isologous plasma PHA suppressor cells were also induced in both groups, the levels being lower in the normals than in the RA group. PHA suppressor cell activity against PWM induced blastogenesis could not be engendered in normals. RA plasma abrogated PHA suppressor cell activity, especially in the RA group. The abrogating activity of RA plasma was heat stable, nondialysable and could be correlated with the presence of anti-lymphocyte antibodies in the RA plasma. PMID- 6218308 TI - Directed evolution of the lambda receptor of Escherichia coli through affinity chromatographic selection. PMID- 6218309 TI - Membrane-derived lipids and the pathogenesis of ischemic myocardial damage. PMID- 6218310 TI - Role of the plasmin-generating system in the developing nervous tissue: I. Proteolysis as a mitogenic signal for the glial cells. AB - The role of the plasmin-generating system, a serum component, in the development of dissociated embryonic chick spinal cord cells in culture was studied. Studies were performed in a defined system where the cells were maintained in a serum free medium. Under these conditions the cells produce plasminogen activator. It was found that plasminogen, when added to the chemically defined culture medium at concentrations of 0.2-0.75 microgram/ml, stimulates [3H]thymidine uptake (as expressed per total DNA) in a dose-response manner. This mitogenic effect is abolished by the protease inhibitors leupeptin and aprotinin. Trypsin, but not chymotrypsin, can produce similar effects. It is concluded that plasmin, which is produced as a result of the activation of plasminogen, is a component that serves as a proliferation factor in developing spinal cords in culture. PMID- 6218311 TI - Periodontal probing: a review. PMID- 6218312 TI - Neurological deficits, back pain tied to endometriosis. PMID- 6218313 TI - Inguinal hernia: a handicapping condition? PMID- 6218314 TI - Varicella zoster and staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome in a young man. PMID- 6218315 TI - Fatal rectus sheath hematoma. AB - Rectus sheath hematoma is an uncommon, often misdiagnosed, and usually self limited condition. In a recent review of autopsy cases at the Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn, we found two patients in whom hemorrhages into the rectus sheaths were considered the immediate cause of death and one in whom the hemorrhage was considered a contributing cause of death. Rectus sheath hematoma should be included in the differential diagnosis of an abdominal mass of sudden onset, especially in patients who have been given anticoagulants. The condition may be fatal if the volume of the hemorrhage is large and if treatment is delayed. PMID- 6218316 TI - [Studies of immunoglobulin synthesis by normal lymphocytes in monoclonal immunoglobulinemias]. PMID- 6218317 TI - [Criteria of the clinical application of Ca++ antagonists]. PMID- 6218318 TI - [Case of Sezary syndrome]. PMID- 6218319 TI - [Experience of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) in renovascular hypertension--with special reference to the renin-angiotensin system, kidney functions and sympathetic nervous system]. PMID- 6218320 TI - [Contractile state of the left ventricle in patients with hypertension as evaluated by echocardiography]. PMID- 6218321 TI - [A mathematical model of biological immune system]. PMID- 6218322 TI - Relation of heparan sulfate content and 67Ga uptake in various tissues of rats. PMID- 6218323 TI - [Myocardial visualization on a routine perfusion lung scintigram with 99mTc-MAA]. PMID- 6218324 TI - [Study of the peripheral circulation. Quantitative evaluation of intermittent claudication with 201Tl]. PMID- 6218325 TI - [Follow up study by radionuclide angiography following embolization therapy of pelvic arteriovenous malformation]. PMID- 6218326 TI - [Day care of handicapped children. 5. The personnel who support day care activities]. PMID- 6218327 TI - [Profile of a nurse. Ms. Sakae Nakajima who is stationed at a health care unit of a plant employing the handicapped (interval)]. PMID- 6218328 TI - [Treatment of angina pectoris by percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty]. PMID- 6218329 TI - [Effects of calcium chelating agents and acid mucopolysaccharides on the growth of calcium oxalate dihydrate crystals]. PMID- 6218330 TI - [Clinical studies on urination disorders. 2. A trial at classification of the patterns of urinary flow volume curves]. PMID- 6218331 TI - Suppressor cells and survival of patients with advanced gastric cancer. AB - The association of suppressor cells with survival of patients with gastric cancer was investigated. Phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-induced lymphocyte response and the presence of nonspecific suppressor cells were assessed in patients with different stages of gastric cancer. The presence of suppressor cells was determined by their ability to inhibit the PHA response of normal peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes. Depression of the PHA response was related to the stage of disease and was also associated with the presence of suppressor cells. Of 245 patients tested, 76 (31%) had suppressor cells. Adherent, nonspecific esterase-positive cells (presumably, monocytes) accounted for the suppression in most cancer patients. The occurrence of suppressor cells and the tumor load were related because the incidence of detectable suppressor cells decreased after surgery in patients with resectable tumor but increased in patients undergoing palliative surgery. In patients with advanced disease who had a generally poor prognosis, the occurrence of suppressor cells was associated with a significantly increased survival. Hence the common view that a depressed lymphocyte response correlates with a poor clinical outcome may not be valid in all types of cancer. PMID- 6218332 TI - [Control of cardiovascular diseases--a most important current problem]. PMID- 6218333 TI - [Laparoscopy in diagnosis and treatment of acute pancreatitis]. PMID- 6218334 TI - [Functional state of the lymphocytes of the peripheral blood in uveal and retinal diseases. Preliminary report]. PMID- 6218335 TI - IgA nephropathy. Correlation of clinical and histologic features. AB - The clinical and histologic features of 81 patients with IgA nephropathy were analyzed. Azotemia was present in 32 per cent of the patients, proteinuria was present in 88 per cent, and gross or microscopic hematuria was present in all of the patients tested. The median age of histologic diagnosis was 27 years. The median age at onset of clinical signs was 20 years. There was no increased incidence in any HLA-A or -B antigen within the patient population over our control population. All patients had glomerular mesangial IgA deposition (by definition) greater than or equal to IgG or IgM. Histologic changes were quantitated and ranged from normal to necrotizing and/or crescentic glomerulonephritis. Many patients (48 per cent) had mild or moderate generalized glomerlular hypercellularity. Nonparametric statistical analysis showed strong correlations among patient age at histologic diagnosis, creatinine, proteinuria, global glomerular sclerosis, and interstital fibrosis. Our analysis suggests that IgA nephropathy is an indolent disease generally beginning in childhood. It is a cause of renal insufficiency in a significant number of patients. Interpretation of this series and other reported studies suggests that most cases of IgA nephropathy in the United States are best considered idiopathic but that hereditary and secondary forms may exist. PMID- 6218337 TI - Part II. Evaluation component. School nurse achievement program. AB - The School Nurse Achievement Program is a national continuing education course for school nurses to increase and improve their services for disabled children. It is currently being developed under the auspices of the Department of Education, Office of Special Education in conjunction with the University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, School of Nursing. A description of a national needs survey of school nurses and resulting program goals, curriculum development, and course administration in twelve states appeared in last month's Journal. Formative and summative evaluation studies to aid in curriculum development and to examine changes in the school nurses' activities are described in Part II of this article. PMID- 6218336 TI - Endocytosis of the C3b receptor of complement within coated pits in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes and monocytes. AB - The distribution and endocytosis of the C3b receptor by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes and monocytes were visualized by both fluorescent and electron microscopic examination of cells that had been labeled with monospecific F(ab')2 anti-C3b receptor and anti-F(ab')2 conjugated with rhodamine or ferritin. When prefixed or unfixed cells that were labeled at 0 to 4 degrees C were examined, the receptor was distributed within clusters on the plasma membrane. After the cells had been warmed to room temperature or to 37 degrees C for 5 minutes, the fluorescently labeled receptors appeared to enter the cells, and the ferritin tagged receptors often occurred within coated endocytic pits and coated vesicles within the cytoplasm. After incubation at 37 degrees C for 20 minutes, the C3b receptor-antibody complexes were largely cleared from the cell surface, and much of the label was found within lysosomes. These results indicate that C3b receptors may directly mediate endocytosis within coated pits, thus utilizing a mechanism shared by a variety of other receptors for the rapid, efficient, and selective internalization of extracellular ligands. PMID- 6218338 TI - Part I. Program development in twelve states. School nurse achievement program. PMID- 6218339 TI - Teaching proper health habits to mainstreamed students through positive reinforcement. PMID- 6218340 TI - Accidents. PMID- 6218341 TI - The effects of cooperative and individualistic instruction on handicapped and nonhandicapped students. PMID- 6218342 TI - Seeding of Dacron vascular prostheses with endothelium of aortic origin. AB - Seeding of autologous venous endothelium on Dacron vascular prostheses in dogs results in endothelial coverage of the prosthetic flow surface 4-6 weeks after implantation. Canine aortic endothelium, in contrast, usually fails to completely cover an unseeded prosthesis by pannus ingrowth even over much longer periods. To see if the success of endothelial seeding stems from a difference in the ability of venous and aortic endothelium to grow on prosthetic surfaces, we seeded freshly harvested autologous aortic endothelium on Dacron velour infrarenal aortic prostheses in dogs. Six weeks after surgery these prostheses showed the features reported to be typical of seeded prostheses. Scanning electron micrographs showed a luminal lining of flat polygonal cells without fibrin or adherent formed blood elements, and light microscopy showed an underlying layer containing aligned spindle-shaped cells with elongated nuclei and cell-lined subluminal channels. Control prostheses were covered with fibrin and platelet rich thrombi everywhere except for limited pannus ingrowth at anastomotic sites. The results suggest that the success of autologous endothelial seeding cannot be ascribed to inherent differences in properties such as mitotic capacity or fibrinolysis between venous and aortic endothelium. The formation of complete endothelial linings by seeding must instead result from a more favorable condition for endothelial cell growth created by the cell harvesting or seeding process itself. PMID- 6218343 TI - A circumferentially elastic arterial prosthesis: three-year studies of a Dacron Spandex graft in the dog. AB - A circumferentially elastic, compliant arterial prosthesis has been developed consisting of a Dacron-polyether urethane (Spandex) weave. The prosthesis can acutely alter its cross section area after implantation in response to changes in flow and pressure. It shows favorable host incorporation and healing properties when studied after 3 years in the dog thoracic aorta and does not dilate significantly over that time. There is some suggestion that its initially elastic properties, present during the early days after implantation, make it more compliant during this healing period and more adaptable to the actual flow conditions present at the time of its insertion. PMID- 6218344 TI - EKG: left ventricular enlargement; ventricular tachycardia. PMID- 6218345 TI - Rhabdomyoma of the abdominal wall: resection based upon computerized tomographic characteristics. AB - A unique report of an abdominal wall rhabdomyoma is presented. The rarity of this tumor may lead to confusion with a malignant neoplasm. Computerized axial tomography localized the tumor to a specific muscle group and demonstrated absence of invasion into surrounding tissues. Computerized tomography is valuable in the assessment of abdominal wall tumors and provides useful information in planning an operative approach. PMID- 6218346 TI - Suppressor cells and increased primary tumor growth rate induced by thiopental. AB - A single dose of thiopental (37-42 mg/kg) sufficient to achieve anesthesia induction increased the growth rate of a 3-methylcholanthrene-induced syngeneic murine fibrosarcoma in C57B1/6 mice. While no alterations in in vitro growth kinetics of tumor cells cultured with thiopental could explain these data, significant alterations in cell-mediated immunity were observed. Spleen cells from C57B1/6 mice treated with thiopental were impaired in their ability to respond in a mixed leukocyte culture (MLC) to BALB/c stimulator cells. Spleen cells from thiopental-treated mice suppressed the ability of cells from untreated animals to respond in a third-party MLC. The degree of suppression was directly proportional to the number of cells from thiopental-treated mice in the third party. When these cells were added to an MLC at various times during the culture period, suppression of the early phases of the MLC was seen. Removal of plastic adherent cells from the third party resulted in loss of suppression, but treatment of third-party cells with anti-thy 1.2 serum or irradiation did not prevent suppression. Transfer of spleen cells from thiopental-treated mice enhances growth of the B-16 melanoma. Suppressor-cell activity may be one mechanism by which thiopental promotes tumor growth. PMID- 6218347 TI - Suppressor T cells in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia: relationship to clinical stage. AB - In 32 patients with B-cell chronic lymphatic leukaemia (CLL), OKT8+ suppressor T cells were increased in relative (mean 54 +/- 14%; normal mean 34 +/- 6%) and absolute (1.8 +/- 1.6 X 10(9)/1; normal range 0.3-0.6 X 10(9)/1) numbers. OKT4+ helper cells were reduced in relative (mean 53 +/- 15%; normal mean 65 +/- 7%) but not absolute (1.7 +/- 1.4 X 10(9)/1; normal range 0.6-1.4 X 10(9)/1) numbers. Essentially identical results were obtained in treated and untreated patients. There was no significant association between T-cell subset numbers and clinical stage, whether assessed by the Rai classification or the more recent Binet system, although the OKT4+/8+ ratio was slightly lower in advanced disease. The study suggests that the immunoparesis so characteristic of CLL may be attributable to increased suppressor T-cell activity. PMID- 6218348 TI - The penicillins. AB - The penicillins as a group are the most frequently and widely used of the antimicrobial agents because they are effective, low in toxicity, and relatively inexpensive. Effectiveness is due to the bactericidal action, the excellent distribution throughout the body spaces, and the wide spectrum of activity. Knowledge of the variation in spectrum of activity of the various types of penicillins is needed for effective use of the appropriate drug against individual infections. Allergenicity is the most frequent and serious problem associated with the use of penicillins. Individual penicillins, however, do have different side effects. The older penicillins are so inexpensive that the cost of their use need hardly be considered, whereas the newer penicillins are expensive and should be used only when they are clearly more effective for treatment than are drugs such as penicillin G. PMID- 6218349 TI - [Changes in the elastic tissue of patients with Down's syndrome]. AB - Two patients with Down's syndrome are reported. A concomitant finding in one of them was psoriasis (not frequent in these patients), anetoderma and unelastic connective tissue nevi. Anetoderma was the only concomitant finding in the other patients. On the basis of these findings the authors feel that besides the "stigmata" referred to, patients with Down's syndrome may present congenital malformation of the elastic fibers. Another objective of this paper is to suggest that every one of these patients should be submitted to a through dermatological investigation having regard to the highly varied and interesting skin changes likely to be disclosed. PMID- 6218350 TI - [A new salt of erythromycin (A-137 or erythromycin lauryl sulfate) in the topical treatment of acne]. AB - Thirty six patients affected of acne vulgaris, preferently inflammatory, graded from I to IV according to Plewig & Kligman scale, were included in a double blind trial of erythromycin laurilsulfate (A-137) alcoholic solution versus only the vehicle, both for topical. The solutions were assigned after randomisation and both groups were found to be statistically comparable in what concerned to age, sex and length of the disease and initial number of the different lesions. The treatment has been carried over 8 weeks, the solution was applied 3 times daily and controls were made fortnightly. It was assessed: a) Individual count of lesions existing in one side of the face; b) Grade of severity (I to IV); c) Frontal and lateral colour pictures; d) Overall opinion of patient. The statistical analysis of results shows significant differences between both groups in behalf of A-137 in the following parameters: number of closed comedones in the 2nd week (P less than 0,05), in closed comedones (P less than 0,05) and pustules (P less than 0,005) during the 4th week, in the number of pustules (P less than 0,025) during the 6th week and in closed comedones (P less than 0,05), papules (P less than 0,05) and pustules (P less than 0,0,25) at the end of the 8 weeks treatment. The severity grade was equally lower (P less than 0,025) in the A-137 group on the 8th week. There were no intolerance phenomena reported nor any kind of unwanted side effects during the study. PMID- 6218351 TI - [Several kinds of adverse effects of piroxicam. Cautious dose titration at the beginning of the therapeutic schedule should be observed]. PMID- 6218352 TI - [Adverse effects of verapamil on the skin]. PMID- 6218353 TI - [Medical and technologic cooperation is important if the speech handicapped are to be helped]. PMID- 6218354 TI - [Isometric back muscle strength in persons with chronic lumbar disorders. Evaluation after training]. PMID- 6218356 TI - [Work of the surgery department of a general clinical hospital]. PMID- 6218355 TI - Reciprocal regulation of fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase and phosphofructokinase by fructose 2,6-bisphosphate in swine kidney. AB - The effect of fructose 2,6-P2, AMP and substrates on the coordinate inhibition of FBPase and activation of PFK in swine kidney has been examined. Fructose 2,6-P2 inhibits the activity of FBPase and stimulates the activity of PFK in the presence of inhibitory concentrations of ATP. Under similar conditions 2.2 microM fructose 2,6-P2 was required for 50% inhibition of FBPase and 0.04 microM fructose 2,6-P2 restored 50% of the activity of PFK. Fructose 2,6-P2 also enhanced the allosteric activation of PFK by AMP and it increased the extent of inhibition of FBPase by AMP. Fructose 2,6-P2, AMP and fructose 6-P act cooperatively to stimulate the activity of PFK whereas the same latter two effectors and fructose 1,6-P2 inhibit the activity of FBPase. Taken collectively, these results suggest that an increase in the intracellular level of fructose 2,6 P2 during gluconeogenesis could effectively overcome the inhibition of PFK by ATP and simultaneously inactivate FBPase. When the level of fructose 2,6-P2 is low, a glycolytic state would be restored, since under these conditions PFK would be inhibited by ATP and FBPase would be active. PMID- 6218357 TI - [Tasks of a blood transfusion department]. PMID- 6218358 TI - [Participation of the nurse in the dispensary care of medical co-workers]. PMID- 6218359 TI - [Work of the registration office]. PMID- 6218360 TI - [Role of nurses in organizing care for industrial enterprise workers]. PMID- 6218361 TI - [Development of public health in Kazakhstan]. PMID- 6218362 TI - [Development of public health of the Mordovian ASSR]. PMID- 6218363 TI - [Public health of Udmurtia in the 60 years of Soviet power]. PMID- 6218364 TI - [Organization of the nurse's work in an intensive therapy and resuscitation department]. PMID- 6218365 TI - [Nurse's work in the emergency admissions department]. PMID- 6218366 TI - Herniated disk--defendant's orthopod--direct and cross-examination. PMID- 6218367 TI - Left ventricular size following endurance, sprint, and strength training. AB - Left ventricular size following endurance, sprint, and strength training. Med. Sci. Sports Exercise, Vol. 14, No. 5, pp. 344-347, 1982. Left ventricular dimensions in adolescent boys were determined before and after three types of training regimens: endurance (END), N = 8, means = 16.8 yr; sprint (SPR), N = 8, means = 16.3 yr; strength (STR), N = 12, means = 18.7 yr. With training the END group significantly increased VO2max in 1 X min-1 (3.71 +/- 0.27 to 4.16 +/- 0.57, P less than 0.05) and in ml X min-1 X kg-1 (58.4 +/- 5.6 to 64.2 +/- 5.5, P less than 0.05). The SPR group increased VO2max in 1 X min-1 (3.63 +/- 0.63 to 3.98 +/- 0.78, P less than 0.05) but not in ml X min-1 X kg-1 (59.5 +/- 4.1 to 63.2 +/- 5.4) because body weight increased from 61.2 +/- 10.5 to 63.1 +/- 10.7 kg (P less than 0.05) with no change in percent body fat. The STR training group significantly improved upper body strength. Despite these specific training adaptations no significant modifications were found for interventricular and left ventricular posterior wall thickness or for left ventricular internal diameter in either training group. However, calculated left ventricular mass was slightly but significantly higher by 10% and 4% in the END and STR training groups, respectively. These small increases in calculated left ventricular mass with short-term training are probably caused by small but insignificant increases in left ventricular internal diameter secondary to a training bradycardia (END group: 76 +/- 8 to 64 +/- 1 beats X min-1) and to increased diastolic filling time rather than to true cardiac hypertrophy. Significant increases in aerobic capacity and in strength can occur without modification of left ventricular dimensions. PMID- 6218368 TI - [Clinical effect of immediate mezlocillin therapy on disseminated infections in a department of general medicine and emergency surgery]. PMID- 6218369 TI - Iodide-induced thyrotoxicosis. AB - Iodide-induced thyrotoxicosis (IIT) occurs in patients with: 1) endemic goiter; 2) nonendemic goiter; 3) no previous thyroid disease. Iodine prophylaxis for endemic goiter caused transient increase of 0.01-0.04% over the basal incidence of hyperthyroidism peaking at 1-3 years and normalizing in 3-10 years despite continued iodide exposure. Elderly subjects with large nodular goiters of long standing are at greater risk. In nonendemic areas, iodine-containing drugs such as amiodarone, radiographic contrast media or iodochlorhydroxyquinoline are implicated in IIT more often than iodides. With nonendemic goiter, IIT occurs more commonly in women whereas, in the absence of preexisting thyroid disease, men are more often affected. In both groups, exophthalmos and antithyroid antibodies are absent, radioiodine uptake is low, there is no thyroid tenderness or pain, and the hyperthyroidism is self-limited (1-6 months) and should thus be treated conservatively. IIT occurs more frequently in areas of marginal iodine intake (Europe) than in the U.S. In view of the extensive exposure to iodine, it is a rare complication in this country. It is postulated that defective autoregulation of hormone biosynthesis may contribute to IIT. PMID- 6218370 TI - Long-term effects of dichloromethylene diphosphonate (CI2MDP) on skeletal lesions in multiple myeloma. AB - We report the long-term effects of dichloromethylene diphosphonate (CI2MDP), an inhibitor of bone resorption, on the skeletal lesions in multiple myeloma. Thirteen patients received either CI2MDP 1600 mg/d (seven patients) or a placebo (six patients) in addition to other chemotherapy, and the effects of treatment were followed over a period of up to 18 months in a double-blind study. CI2MDP treatment resulted in a marked reduction in bone pain, with no progression of radiologic skeletal lesions during the first year. This contrasted with a clinical deterioration and the occurrence of new fractures in half of the patients receiving the placebo. Two patients with hypercalciuria and increased excretion of hydroxyproline before treatment had normalized values following CI2MDP. Finally, iliac crest bone biopsies showed a reduction in osteoclast number after CI2MDP administration. We conclude from these results that CI2MDP could be of use in preventing the bone loss that occurs in multiple myeloma. PMID- 6218371 TI - Phosphofructokinase from Ehrlich ascites tumor. PMID- 6218372 TI - Phosphofructokinase from oyster adductor muscle. PMID- 6218373 TI - Phosphofructokinase from Ascaris suum muscle. PMID- 6218374 TI - Phosphofructokinase from yeast. PMID- 6218375 TI - Phosphofructokinases from Escherichia coli. PMID- 6218376 TI - Phosphofructokinase from Bacillus licheniformis. PMID- 6218377 TI - Phosphofructokinase from Streptococcus lactis. PMID- 6218378 TI - Phosphofructokinase from Clostridium pasteurianum. PMID- 6218380 TI - [Species classification of zearalenone-producing fungi of the genus Fusarium Lk. ex Fr. isolated from wheat, corn and beans]. PMID- 6218379 TI - Hapten-specific T cell response to azobenzene-arsonate-N-acetyl-L-tyrosine (ABA tyr) in Lewis rats. II. Induction and suppression of ABA-specific helper cell activity for antibody production. AB - Immunization of Lewis rats with azobenzenearsonate-N-acetyl-L-tyrosine (ABA-tyr) in complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA), produces a hapten-specific helper T cell response measured by an increase in plaque forming cells (PFC) against a different hapten. The response seen is primarily direct (IgM) PFC unless B cells are primed by injection of trinitrophenylated keyhole limpet hemocyanin (TNP-KLH) prior to immunization with ABA-tyr. The response requires both ABA and TNP to be on the same carrier molecule which can be as diverse as bovine serum albumin (BSA), poly L-glutamine-lysine-tyrosine (L-GLT); however, a D-amino acid polypeptide does not work. The in vitro demonstration of such help was successful only with peritoneal exudate lymphocytes, not spleen or lymph node cells. Repeated pretreatment of rats by intraperitoneal injection of ABA-tyr in incomplete Freund's adjuvant (IFA) induced an unresponsiveness for helper activity to subsequent immunization with the same antigen in CFA. Passive transfer of lymphoid cells from spleens and lymph nodes from rats pretreated with ABA-tyr in IFA followed by boosting with ABA-tyr in CFA induced unresponsiveness to subsequent induction of hapten-specific help. PMID- 6218381 TI - In vivo evaluation of nuclear magnetic resonance flowmetry: blood flow through the normal forearm. AB - A cylindrical crossed-coil nuclear magnetic resonance flowmeter has been developed to measure arterial blood flow through the human forearm. This paper describes the in vivo studies to evaluate the performance of the instrument. Flow rates were comparable to values reported in the literature. The NMR flowmeter is a noninvasive, contactless-type flowmeter and has the advantage of accurate measurement unimpaired by clothing, bandages, or casts. One measurement can be taken in less than 2 min. PMID- 6218382 TI - Laparoscopic sterilisation with the Filshie clip under local anaesthesia. AB - A technique for performing laparoscopic sterilisation under local anaesthesia and without systemic sedation is described. A mechanical tubalocclusion clip was employed. The procedure, and the technique of local anaesthesia are compared with other methods of sterilisation. PMID- 6218383 TI - Occupational dermatoses. PMID- 6218384 TI - [Evolution of asbestosis in the residual lung of a patient pneumonectomized for pulmonary neoplasms]. PMID- 6218385 TI - [Contribution of Russian Federation scientists to the development of medical parasitology during the 10th Five-Year Plan]. PMID- 6218386 TI - [Human opisthorchiasis in the area of the Turgai River basin along the route of the Ob-Amu Darya Canal]. PMID- 6218387 TI - [Epidemiological effectiveness of Vermox in eradicating a focus of v (ascariasis, trichocephaliasis and enterobiasis)]. PMID- 6218388 TI - [Biological characteristics and epidemiological importance of Phlebotomus smirnovi, Perf., 1941 in foci of visceral leishmaniasis in Kyzyl-Orda Province, Kazakh SSR]. PMID- 6218389 TI - Theoretical analysis of the two-coil method for measuring fluid flow using nuclear magnetic resonance. AB - A theoretical study of the application of pulsed nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) to the measurement of fluid flow has been made. Calculations of detector signal line shapes, for a two-coil NMR laboratory experiment, were performed using a computer to determine the appropriate choice of flow signature. Results of calculations are presented showing the sensitivity of the method to various experimental parameters. The position of the received peak signal, in time, was found to correlate directly with mean flow velocity. However, the shape of the received signal was observed to depend markedly upon the state of flow, i.e., laminar, turbulent (plug). Hence, accurate determinations of flow required a knowledge of flow type. The theoretical calculations provided a better understanding of the potential of NMR for measuring fluid or blood flow. PMID- 6218390 TI - Spectinomycin-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae--worldwide. PMID- 6218391 TI - Cytotoxicity of 5-fluoro-5'-O-nitro-2'-deoxyuridine, a new fluorinated pyrimidine derivative, in L1210 cultures. AB - 5-Fluoro-5'-O-nitro-2'-deoxyuridine (FdUMN), a neutral isostere of 5-fluoro-2' deoxyuridine 5'-monophosphate, inhibited the growth of L1210 cultures. The inhibition of L1210 cultures by FdUMN was prevented by thymidine, but not by 2' deoxyuridine. Like 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine (FdUrd), FdUMN inhibited the incorporation of 2'-deoxyuridine into DNA, but the onset of this inhibition was not immediate, as was seen with FdUrd. FdUMN did not inhibit the activity of purified thymidylate synthetase from Lactobacillus casei and was a poor inhibitor of thymidylate synthetase activity in homogenates of L1210 ascites cells. However, after incubation with homogenates of these cells and subsequent addition of ATP, FdUMN inhibited this enzyme effectively. These results indicate that intracellular activation of FdUMN is required for its inhibition of thymidylate synthetase. PMID- 6218392 TI - [Homology of lysozymes of bacterial and vertebrate origin]. AB - Theoretical analysis of structural and functional organization of vertebrate lysozymes, T4-phage lysozyme, lambda-phage endolysin and extracellular lysozyme of Chalaropsis species suggests a genetic relationship between the enzymes in question. It has been shown that the lysozyme sequences exhibit both inter- and intramolecular homology. The obtained data lend support to the concept postulating a common ancestor for the lysozyme family and subsequent divergent evolution of these proteins. The two-component primary structure of lysozymes can result from structural gene duplication and allows to explain similar catalytic activity and different substrate specificity of these enzymes by the differentiation and specialization of functions of the N- and C-components of the protein chains. PMID- 6218393 TI - The portal vein and its main affluents. An anatomic and morphometric study. AB - There are reported the results of certain measurements made on 158 human cadavers of both sexes. A series of main parameters are given, such as the distance between the superior mesenteric vein and on the one hand its confluence with other vessels and on the other hand the pancreas and the horizontal part of the duodenum: the distance between the superior mesenteric vein together with the portal vein, and the inferior caval vein; the diameters of the portal trunk and the confluence angle between the roots of the portal vein. The results reflect the possibility to perform a troncular portocaval anastomosis in at least 90 per cent of the cases. The authors' attention was, however, directed towards the anatomy of the superior mesenteric vein, as this vessel is preferred by some surgeons in the achievement of the portocaval anastomosis. PMID- 6218395 TI - [Prostatic malacoplakia]. PMID- 6218394 TI - The embryo as allograft. AB - The main problems and experimental results with respect to the mechanism by which the embryo, as "allograft", is tolerated within the maternal organism are reviewed. The following hypotheses are discussed: the immunological "immaturity" of the embryo and of its appendages; the immunological incompetence of the maternal organism; the uterus as an immunologically "privileged" area; the existence of an immunological barrier between the mother and the embryo. PMID- 6218396 TI - The "concrete" histo-cytological diagnosis of noninfiltrative cancer. AB - The diagnosis of noninfiltrative carcinomas (intraepithelial carcinoma, respectively intramucosal adenocarcinoma) is based on the existence of architectural modifications of the stratified squamous epithelia (the skin included) and of glandular structures. The architectural alterations are associated with cellular, respectively nucleo-cytoplasmic changes. The most useful cellular modifications for the diagnosis of the noninfiltrative malignant process of epithelial origin are: the cellular pleomorphism (anisocytosis and especially anisokaryosis), large nuclei in comparison with cell dimensions determining modifications of the nucleo-cytoplasmic ratio, the presence of hypertrophic nucleoli, respectively giant and/or multiple nucleoli with the change of the nucleolo-nuclear ratio in favour of the nucleolus, a large percentage of mitoses (more than 20 mitoses per thousand cells), respectively more than 4 mitoses in the microscopic field at a high magnification. PMID- 6218397 TI - Particulate structures suggestive of viral infection, visualized in human uterine cervix cancer cells. AB - Various types of intranuclear particles and intramitochondrial inclusions of possibly viral nature are demonstrated by thin-section electron microscopy of uterine cervix cancer cells, as well as in mast cells infiltrating the tumor stroma, and their significance is briefly discussed. PMID- 6218398 TI - Morphopathology of mixed sweat-gland tumors. AB - Mixed sweat-gland tumors were studied on 11 biopsies, of which two showed clear cut morphological features of malignancy. Stress was laid upon the sudoriferous duct histogenesis of such tumors. Several peculiarities were carefully investigated, especially epithelial proliferation in sheets, cords, tubes, isolated cells and certain epithelial metaplasias correlated with various mesenchymal stroma changes, such as fibrosis, myxoid, chondroid or even osseous changes. Special emphasis was also laid upon the comparative aspects between benign and malignant mixed sweat-gland tumors and other similar body tumors. PMID- 6218399 TI - Histoenzymological and ultrastructural changes of axillary lymph nodes with breast cancer metastases. AB - Histoenzymatic and ultrastructural changes were studied in axillary lymph nodes from patients with breast cancer by comparison between lymph nodes without metastases, with incipient metastases and completely metastatically transformed. Metastases is preceded by intense macrophagic reactions of lymph nodes, and prepared by the development of vascular stroma. Neoplastic cells in course of invasion presented an intense respiratory activity, while those replacing the lymphoid elements an accentuated synthesis of glycoproteins. PMID- 6218400 TI - Experimental study on the effects of +Gz. Acceleration under gestational conditions. I. Ultrastructural myocardial lesions. AB - In the course of a complex experimental study concerning the effects of highly positive acceleration on gestation and development of the neonate, investigations were carried out of ultrastuctural myocardial lesions in the pregnant rat exposed to prolonged gravitational stress (+ 2G). The experimental animals presented various disseminated and partly irreversible myocardial lesions whose pathogeny is discussed. PMID- 6218401 TI - Ultrastructural changes of alveolar cells due to intratracheally administered detergent solutions. AB - Ultrastructural changes following the intratracheal injection of detergent solutions are described at the lobular level in rabbits, in which the main affected components were the large granulous alveolocytes, the local source of synthesis of phospholipids participating in the formation of lung surfactant. Irrespective of their location on the internal face of interlobular septa or at the intersection of alveolar walls, these cells suffered the direct influence of the detergent solution and presented the reduction of the intracellular formation of osmiophilic lamellated bodies to its nuclear and ribosomal phases, and a rapid release of previously formed osmiophilic bodies from ergastoplasmic cisternae by means of an active membrane-vesicular flow up to exocytosis. This process achieved a more or less complete emptying of membrane-bounded vesicles which persisted after the phospholipid release. The released lamellated bodies were engulfed by macrophages. The flat membranous alveolocytes presented here and there only an increased amount of pinocytotic and transcytotic vesicles. The alveolar walls and mainly the interlobular septa were thickened, especially due to an increased amount of ground matrix, collagen proteins and sometimes collagen fibrils. PMID- 6218402 TI - [Prosthesis-induced late carditis. High-dose long-term treatment with mezlocillin]. PMID- 6218403 TI - Repression of UV induction of lambda prophage by caffeine. AB - Caffeine was found to function as a repressor of UV-induced lambda prophage when added to the post-irradiation culture medium with both uvrB+ and uvrB- strains of E. coli K12. Caffeine functioned as a repressor of lambda induction at high but not low inducing doses of UV. Caffeine alone at concentrations above 10 mg/plate functioned as an inducer of lambda prophage. PMID- 6218404 TI - Molecular dosimetry of the chemical mutagen ethyl methanesulfonate. Quantitative comparison of the mutagenic potency in Neurospora crassa and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - Extending previous work with E. coli and mammalian cells in culture, forward mutation frequencies induced by ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) were quantitatively compared in Neurospora crassa and Saccharomyces cerevisiae under standardized conditions. Concomitantly, the actual dose to DNA was measured by determining the amount of radioactivity bound to DNA after treatment with tritium-labeled EMS. After exposure to EMS (2.5-50 mM), alkylation levels in N. crassa and S. cerevisiae were similar to those previously determined in E. coli and cultured mammalian cells. Consistently, there was a slightly less than proportional increase of the DNA alkylation level with the exposure concentration of the mutagen. Forward mutagenesis induced in yeast and N. crassa showed exponential kinetics with exponents of 1.5 and 2.6, respectively. These results are similar to those previously reported with E. coli, which differed from the results with cultured mammalian cells, where a linear dose-effect relationship between exposure and genetic effect was observed. These differences may reflect differences in the fate of EMS-induced adducts by cellular DNA repair systems, but are not due to initial differences in DNA alkylation levels. The fate and persistence of specific DNA adducts potentially responsible for pre-mutagenic changes are under investigation. PMID- 6218405 TI - Training-induced increase in myofibrillar ATPase intermediate fibers in human skeletal muscle. AB - The response of human muscles triceps brachii and vastus lateralis to training, consisting of 18.5 miles a day of skiing with a backpack, 6 days a week for 8 weeks, has been investigated by means of histochemical fiber typing (myofibrillar ATPase) as well as immunohistochemical discrimination of slow and fast myosin (n = 6). A detraining period of 33 weeks was also studied. The percentage of type 2 fibers decreased by 6% in the triceps brachii during training, whereas the intermediate fiber type increased by 4%. No change was found in the distribution of fiber types in the vastus lateralis during training or in both muscles during detraining. The ATPase intermediate fibers also stained intermediately in the immunohistochemical stainings for slow and fast myosin. These results show that transformation of a fraction of the type 2 fibers into the intermediate type may occur as a response to endurance training. PMID- 6218406 TI - T-lymphocyte subpopulations in homosexual men. PMID- 6218407 TI - Microbiologic study of infertile women at the time of diagnostic laparoscopy. Association of Ureaplasma urealyticum with a defined subpopulation. PMID- 6218408 TI - A monoclonal antibody against antigen-specific helper factor augments T-cell help. AB - Antigen-specific molecules, commonly termed 'factors', have been shown to be released from helper and suppressor T cells. These factors mimic the activity of the cells that secrete them and there is much speculation about the relationship of antigen-specific factors to T-cell receptors for antigen. We have raised a variety of antisera in rabbits which were shown to react against conserved 'constant' determinants on either helper or suppressor factors independently of antigenic specificity or mouse strain of origin of the factor. In contrast, syngeneic mouse antisera were found to react with 'variable' factor determinants in an antigen-specific and mouse strain-dependent manner. These antisera thus define two regions on factor molecules, one 'variable' (related to antigen specificity) and the other 'constant' (related to function). However, potential contaminants in these antisera have limited their usefulness. Thus, we are now generating monoclonal antibodies against T-cell factors and report here the properties of a monoclonal antibody (AF3.44.4) which reacts with antigen-specific helper factors. This antibody also binds to helper T cells and, in the presence of antigen, augments helper cell induction in vitro, which, in turn, leads to enhanced antibody production in vitro. These characteristics suggest that AF3.44.4 recognizes a determinant shared by helper factor and the antigen receptor on helper T cells. PMID- 6218409 TI - Onco gen. What has moved into c-mos. PMID- 6218410 TI - Transcription initiation of Mu mom depends on methylation of the promoter region and a phage-coded transactivator. AB - The product of the bacteriophage Mu gene mom modifies adenine residues of DNA within the consensus sequence CGAGCNPy, providing protection against various restriction endonucleases (ref. 1 and D. Kamp, personal communication cited in ref. 2). The mom gene is only expressed during lytic development of the phage. It is known that mom is nonfunctional in Escherichia coli host mutants in a gene (dam) which itself encodes an adenine methylation system. We show here that the E. coli dam gene is essential for transcription initiation of the mom gene, and that this dependence on dam seems to lie in a short segment preceding the mom coding region, which also contains the mom promoter. The sequence of this segment reveals the presence of dam methylation sites (GATC), and suggests a model for the regulation of mom gene expression based on DNA secondary structure, which may explain why mom is only expressed during phage lytic development. We also show that expression of phage-coded proteins (A, B and C) is needed for transactivation of mom transcription. PMID- 6218411 TI - The spread of spectrin. PMID- 6218412 TI - A unique set of polypeptides is induced by gamma interferon in addition to those induced in common with alpha and beta interferons. AB - Human immune interferon (IFN-gamma) differs from leukocyte interferon (IFN-alpha) and fibroblast interferon (IFN-beta) in cell origin, inducing agents, physical and biological properties and amino acid sequence. These differences have led to interest in possible differences in the biological properties of IFN-gamma compared with IFN-alpha and IFN-beta. IFN-gamma has the same broad range of biochemical and biological actions as do IFN-alpha and IFN-beta, although relative potencies vary depending on the cell type and function investigated. There has so far been no direct evidence that IFN-gamma alters normal cell functions differently from other interferons. We report here striking qualitative and quantitative differences in the intracellular response of human fibroblasts to IFN-gamma compared with IFN-alpha and IFN-beta. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis demonstrates, in addition to the induction of a common group of polypeptides, the existence of a set of polypeptides whose synthesis is uniquely induced by IFN-gamma. PMID- 6218413 TI - Light-chain movement and regulation in scallop myosin. AB - Photo-cross-linking techniques show that when scallop myosin or myofibrils are subjected to experimental conditions that cause relaxed muscles to go into rigor, the N-terminal portion of the regulatory light chain of myosin moves towards the essential light chain while the C-terminal portion stays in place. These changes occur on the myosin before combination with actin. Cross-linking of the N terminal region to the essential light chain in rigor locks the myosin into a conformation such that calcium sensitivity of the actin-activated Mg-ATPase is lost. PMID- 6218414 TI - [From people to molecules ... and back?]. PMID- 6218415 TI - [The cerebrospinal fluid concentration of lamoxactam with reference to the therapy of gram-negative CNS infections]. PMID- 6218416 TI - Involvement of the macrophage in experimental chronic immune complex glomerulonephritis. AB - Serial renal biopsies for glomerular culture, histochemical staining for beta glucuronidase, electron microscopy (EM) and light microscopy, were used to study macrophage involvement in experimental chronic immune complex (IC) glomerulonephritis (GN) induced in rabbits by daily intravenous injections of bovine serum albumin (BSA). In the 26 animals studied, proliferative GN of variable severity was induced, with mild disease in 5 animals, moderate proliferation in 15 and crescentic GN in 6. Macrophages first appeared in glomerular culture outgrowths during the 2nd and 3rd weeks, coincident with the onset of proteinuria and rising serum creatinine concentration. Large numbers of macrophages (in excess of 20 per glomerulus) were seen by the 5th weeks and persisted to the 9th week. The number of macrophages in outgrowths was not significantly greater in animals with crescentic disease. EM demonstrated macrophages in capillary loops, and in glomeruli with crescents, macrophages could be seen in the urinary space. Histochemical staining for beta-glucuronidase also demonstrated macrophages in the glomerular tuft and in crescents when present. These results indicate that macrophages constitute a considerable proportion of the glomerular hypercellularity seen in chronic IC glomerulonephritis. PMID- 6218417 TI - Impaired cell-mediated immunity in focal glomerular sclerosis mediated by suppressor cells. PMID- 6218418 TI - In vitro lymphocyte dysfunction in lipoid nephrosis mediated by suppressor cells. PMID- 6218419 TI - Survival rates and coping styles of maintenance hemodialysis patients. PMID- 6218420 TI - [Intraspinal dracunculosis. Apropos of a case of epidural medullary compression]. AB - The authors report on a case of spinal cord compression due to Dracunculiasis. They study the nine others cases of the literature. In all these cases, the worm was epidural. The extradural guinea worm granuloma was localised at the level of the cervical region or in the upper part of the thoracic region of the spinal canal. Before operation the diagnosis is almost always impossible. It could be evocated if the guinea worm is calcified and, then, visible on the spinal tomograms. PMID- 6218421 TI - Glycogen metabolizing enzymes in brain. AB - Three enzymes, glycogen phosphorylase, glycogen synthase, and phosphoglucomutase were evaluated in subcellular fractions and in brain regions. Also the development of each of these enzymes was evaluated in whole brain homogenates. Each enzyme increased during the first three weeks of post partum in a manner that is similar to the development of glycolytic enzymes during this period. The specific activity of each enzyme in various subcellular fractions indicated that the enzymes were primarily soluble. Also unlike the glycolytic enzyme phosphoglycerate kinase, the glycogen metabolizing enzymes had a lower specific activity in synaptosomes than in particle free supernatant fractions of homogenates. Regarding regional distribution small (less than twofold) but significant differences were seen between different brain areas. An inverse relationship between the glycogen metabolizing enzymes and hexokinase was observed, that is, regions highest in glycogen synthase and glycogen phosphorylase were lowest in hexokinase and regions highest in hexokinase were lowest in the glycogen metabolizing enzymes. PMID- 6218422 TI - Convulsant action of intracerebroventricularly administered l-kynurenine sulphate, quinolinic acid and other derivatives of succinic acid, and effects of amino acids: structure-activity relationships. AB - Succinic acid, and the derivatives which have been tested, i.e. phthalic, l glutamic, l-aspartic, citric and laevulinic acids, in doses of 5,2,5,20,20 and 50 micrograms, respectively, as well as l-kynurenine sulphate and quinolinic acid, injected into the brain ventricles in mice, induced clonic seizures. When administered intraperitoneally or orally they antagonize strychnine-induced seizures. The convulsant effect of l-kynurenine sulphate was observed only when the pH of the solution was 4.0 or lower, while the actions of the other drugs tested were not dependent upon pH. Control intraventricular injections of 5 microliters of 0.06 N sulphuric acid (equivalent to 16.7 micrograms of SO4(2-), the same dose as was injected when a convulsant dose of 50 micrograms of l kynurenine was administered) induced seizures in 25% of the mice. It is suggested that the convulsant effect of quinolinic acid and l-kynurenine sulphate is related to a moiety of succinic acid (O = C-C-C-C = O). The effect of l kynurenine sulphate comprises the action of the cation of kynurenine and that of the anion of sulphuric acid. Reduction of the convulsant effect of l-kynurenine sulphate by alpha-amino acids and taurine is presumably related to a "shielding" of both amino- and carbonyl groups of 1-kynurenine. There is no evidence that l kynurenine sulphate, in small doses, shares the central effects of the inhibitory amino acids. PMID- 6218423 TI - Further studies on the role of indoleamines in the responses of cortical neurones to stimulation of nucleus raphe medianus: effects of indoleamine precursor loading. AB - Responses of cortical neurones to stimulation of nucleus raphe medianus (RM) were determined before and after parenteral administration of l-tryptophan or l-5 hydroxytryptophan (5HTP). The short latency inhibitory effects of stimulation and the longer latency excitation were enhanced by l-tryptophan. 5-Hydroxytryptophan, on the other hand, enhanced the excitatory effects but had no effects on the initial inhibition. Both precursors were able to induce a third type of response, a long-latency inhibition which succeeded the excitation. Inhibition of tryptophan hydroxylase abolished the facilitatory effects of tryptophan on the excitatory and long-latency inhibitory effects of stimulation of the raphe medianus but the enhancement of the short-latency inhibition remained intact. Inhibition of tryptophan hydroxylase failed to alter any of the effects of 5HTP on evoked responses to stimulation of the raphe medianus. Finally, inhibition of aromatic amino acid decarboxylase abolished the effects of both indoleamine precursors on all response phases. The results are consistent with a previous suggestion that the short-latency inhibition may be tryptamine-mediated while the other response phases are mediated by 5-hydroxytryptamine. PMID- 6218424 TI - The effects of parachlorophenylalanine and stimulus intensity on open-field test measures in rats. AB - An inhibitor of 5-hydroxytryptamine synthesis, p-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA), or an inert saline solution was administered intraperitoneally to rats. At maximum depletion of serotonin (72 hr after injection), the rats were tested in the standard, four-day open-field test. A further four days of testing in the open field in which the sound level was raised from the standard 78 to 93 dB showed that, while PCPA increased defaecation in both sexes and under both sound levels, the controls increased defaecation at the higher level stimulus intensity, whereas PCPA-injected rats defaecated less. Parachlorophenylalanine increased ambulation in males on the first day of open-field testing but not in females. On the remaining seven days of testing PCPA markedly reduced ambulation in females but did not affect ambulation in males. Across-trial habituation of neither the defaecation nor the ambulation measure was influenced by PCPA. PMID- 6218425 TI - Differential activity of enantiomers of amphetamine in rats. AB - Administration of single doses of d-amphetamine (0.5-4.0 mg/kg i.p.) to adult, male rats produced the expected dose-related increases in spontaneous motor activity. This effect was reduced by pretreatment with alpha-methylparatyrosine (alpha MT) and virtually unaffected by pretreatment with pargyline or parachlorophenylalanine (PCPA). Single doses of l-amphetamine (0.25-8.0 mg/kg) evoked an initial decrease in activity followed by increased activity of smaller magnitude than that caused by the d-isomer. The depressant effects of the l isomer were prolonged by pretreatment with alpha MT, and abolished by pretreatment with pargyline or PCPA. PMID- 6218426 TI - Bypass and transluminal dilatation procedures for advanced occlusive disease of the posterior circulation. PMID- 6218427 TI - Reduced risk of ICA ligation after balloon occlusion test. PMID- 6218428 TI - [Puerperal myocardiopathy. Clinical case]. PMID- 6218429 TI - [Comparison between scintigraphic and laparoscopic findings in the study of liver diseases]. AB - The part played by 99Tc liver scintiscanning and laparoscopy, singly or sequentially, in the diagnosis of hepatic nodular disease was examined in a series of 316 patients. It was found that sequential employment of these two methods constituted a good diagnostic approach, since the relative sensitivity of the first could be added to the relative specificity of the second. PMID- 6218430 TI - Criteria for diagnosis and grading of salpingitis. PMID- 6218431 TI - Complications of interval laparoscopic tubal sterilization. AB - In 1978, the Centers for Disease Control initiated a multicenter prospective study to assess the safety of the various female sterilizing operations and the ways in which they could be made safer. During the first 31 months, 3500 women who underwent interval laparoscopic tubal sterilization by electrocoagulation or Silastic banding without other concurrent operations were enrolled in the study. When a standard definition of complications was used, the overall rate of an intraoperative or postoperative complication was 1.7 per 100 women. Several patients factors increased the risk of complications twofold or more: diabetes mellitus, previous abdominal or pelvic surgery, lung disease, a history of pelvic inflammatory disease, and obesity. There was a fivefold difference in complication rates between procedures performed under general anesthesia and those done under local anesthesia. PMID- 6218432 TI - Peritoneal fluid evaluation in infertility. AB - Cul-de-sac fluid collected at laparoscopy from 58 women during various stages of the menstrual cycle was evaluated by volume and by estradiol and progesterone content. Volumes were consistently higher in the third cycle week, especially with evidence of a fresh corpus hemorrhagicum. Peritoneal hormonal values were equal to serum values before ovulation, but were significantly elevated after ovulation. In the present study, maximal fluid volume was 78 ml, maximal peritoneal estradiol exceeded 3000 pg/ml, and maximal peritoneal progesterone exceeded 265 ng/ml. Luteal phase peritoneal fluid volumes and hormonal values were not significantly different in women with or without endometriosis. Aspiration of peritoneal fluid at laparoscopy in the infertile woman may provide significant information regarding ovulation. PMID- 6218433 TI - Endogenous cortisol and sex steroids in patients with osteoporotic spinal fractures. AB - Vertebral fractures due to osteoporosis commonly occur in postmenopausal women. Levels of cortisol and sex steroids in the circulation vary among older women. It has been suggested that this variation may contribute to the occurrence of osteoporotic fractures in some subjects but not others. To examine this, 30 patients with osteoporotic spinal fractures were compared to an equal number of controls matched to the patients for age and years since menopause. All subjects had intact ovaries and had not taken estrogen replacement therapy for more than 3 months during their entire lifetime. Spinal bone mineral density determined by dual photon absorptiometry was significantly lower (P less than .01) in the fraction group (0.75 +/- 0.03 g/cm2) than in the controls (1.0 +/- 0.03 g/cm2). No significant differences in body habitus or cortisol and sex steroid levels (both total and free) were found, with the exception of total estradiol levels, which were 16% higher in the fracture patients. This difference was presumably coincidental as there was no difference of free estradiol levels between groups. It is concluded that factors other than the differences of endogenous cortisol and sex steroid levels present in these postmenopausal women were responsible for the reduced bone mineral density of the spine observed in the fracture patients. PMID- 6218434 TI - Laparoscopy in women with chlamydial infection and pelvic pain: a comparison of patients with and without salpingitis. AB - A review was made of clinical and laboratory findings in 104 women who, during 1978 to 1981, were subjected to laparoscopy because of symptoms suggestive of acute salpingitis, and who harbored Chlamydia trachomatis but not Neisseria gonorrhoeae in the genital tract. The patients with acute salpingitis (N = 76) did not differ significantly from those with visually normal fallopian tubes (N = 28) in regard to age distribution, parity, contraceptive method used, proportion of women with urethritis symptoms, increased vaginal discharge, vomiting, diarrhea, elevated rectal temperature, elevated white blood cell count, and palpable pelvic masses. The acute salpingitis patients more often had irregular bleeding and an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate, whereas the patients without acute salpingitis more often had a short history of pelvic pain. The two groups overlapped considerably with respect to the number of symptoms and clinical signs of pelvic infection. The results emphasize the value of laparoscopy in the diagnosis or exclusion of a tubal infection in association with a chlamydial genital infection and pelvic pain, even if there are comparatively few additional symptoms of ascending infection. PMID- 6218435 TI - Management of postoperative vaginal hemorrhage. AB - The authors' experience in the management of postoperative vaginal hemorrhage from 1975 to 1980 was reviewed. Recently, success has been achieved using angiographic arterial embolization with the Gianturco minicoil. The results of embolization are compared with those achieved through other more conventional methods. The authors have found angiographic embolization to be safe, simple, and effective, and they recommend that the procedure be performed before laparotomy for intractable postoperative vaginal bleeding. PMID- 6218436 TI - Exudative ascites produced by pelvic inflammatory disease. AB - A case is reported in which massive ascites was found in a woman with intrauterine device-related pelvic inflammatory disease. The patient underwent exploratory laparotomy, and extirpation of the pelvic organs resulted in resolution of the ascites. PMID- 6218437 TI - [Behavioral biology of the child--advice to pediatricians and school doctors for understanding and helping children and adolescents]. PMID- 6218438 TI - [Effects of urbanization on the child]. PMID- 6218439 TI - [Children of foreign workers in the West Germany and their social environment]. PMID- 6218440 TI - [Children of foreigners and pediatric services]. PMID- 6218441 TI - [Adolescent psychiatry]. PMID- 6218442 TI - [10 years of social psychiatric counseling services in Hannover]. PMID- 6218443 TI - [The physician and protection of medical data]. PMID- 6218444 TI - [Protection of medical data--will it result in problems for the National Health Services?]. PMID- 6218445 TI - [Hepatitis B vaccination]. PMID- 6218446 TI - [Enteritis infectiosa]. PMID- 6218447 TI - [Non-specific findings in mass X-ray examinations in the West German Armed Services]. PMID- 6218448 TI - [Results of mass x-ray examinations in Lower Saxony before and after introduction of the voluntary military service]. PMID- 6218449 TI - [Mass x-ray examination: evaluation--final diagnosis--problems]. PMID- 6218450 TI - [Work of the state medical associations in the prevention of tuberculosis]. PMID- 6218451 TI - [Evaluation of ability to drive by the Public Health Service physician]. PMID- 6218452 TI - [Effect of mass x-ray examinations on the epidemiology of tuberculosis]. PMID- 6218453 TI - [Attempts at optimizing rubella vaccination by the Public Health Service]. PMID- 6218455 TI - A matter of worth. PMID- 6218454 TI - [Clinical course of mycobacteriosis]. PMID- 6218456 TI - [Mitomycin C and high-dosage medroxyprogesterone acetate in the therapy of metastasizing breast cancer. Results of a phase II study of the Workshop for Internal Oncology of the German Cancer Association]. AB - Combination therapy of mitomycin C 40 mg/m2 and medroxyprogesterone acetate 1.500 mg/day in patients with refractory metastatic breast cancer was tested within a phase II trial of the AIO. The overall response was 50% with 2 complete and 12 partial remissions. This combination therapy was tolerated well and hematologic toxicity was less than expected. More often pulmonary and renal toxicity appeared. This combination schedule seems to be useful even in patients with pretreated metastatic breast cancer. Hematologic, pulmonary and renal functions have to be observed. PMID- 6218457 TI - Effect of chemotherapy on taste sensation in patients with disseminated malignant melanoma. AB - The effect of combination chemotherapy (bleomycin, actinomycin D, vindesine and DTIC) on taste sensation in patients with malignant melanoma was evaluated. Five concentrations of 4 basic tastes (sweet, bitter, sour and salt) were tested. Lowest concentrations of all tastes were subjectively rated more intense after chemotherapy than before. This change was significant for sweet, sour and salt. The highest concentration of sweet was rated significantly less intense following chemotherapy. The discrimination between highest and lowest concentration was diminished for sweet, sour and bitter and marginally for salt. The changes in taste sensation following chemotherapy could attribute to anorexia in cancer patients treated with cytostatic agents. PMID- 6218458 TI - Lack of carcinogenicity of nicotinamide and isonicotinamide following lifelong administration to mice. PMID- 6218459 TI - Classification of chronic blepharitis. AB - Since last thoroughly evaluated over three decades ago, the clinical spectrum of chronic blepharitis has changed. The relative prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus alone or in combination with seborrheic blepharitis has decreased. The relative prevalence has increased of seborrheic blepharitis with or without associated excess meibomian secretions (meibomian seborrhea) or inflammation (meibomitis). Primary meibomitis appears not to be a primarily infectious entity but to represent a facet of generalized sebaceous gland dysfunction and to be found in association with seborrheic dermatitis or acne rosacea. The keratoconjunctivitis found in association with primary meibomitis may be contributed to by the production of bacterial lypolytic exoenzymes that split neutral lipids, resulting in an increased level of free fatty acids in the tears. A frequent finding of keratoconjunctivitis sicca in this patient population, especially the S. aureus group (50%), is of note. Of particular importance is that these entities be recognized as chronic diseases requiring control and ones for which there is no "cure." PMID- 6218460 TI - Death and disability agreements. How to preplan to protect your interests. PMID- 6218461 TI - [Traumatology and orthopedics in the Uzbek SSR (history, status and developmental prospects)]. PMID- 6218462 TI - [50th anniversary of the Moscow District Trauma Center in Leningrad]. PMID- 6218463 TI - A description of the psychological effects of chronic painful lesions. AB - The social adjustment and psychological characteristics of a group of patients with lesions presumed to be representative of an 'ordinary' pain clinic population have been examined. As expected there was a significant degree of disturbance of work, sleep, sport, exercise, leisure and social activities and sexual relationships. Patients with back pain found sitting to be particularly troublesome (P less than 0.0001) which suggests that they would have physical reasons for responding to programmes emphasizing 'activity.' They used more affective words proportionately to describe it than those with pain elsewhere, but both groups used far more sensory words overall than affective ones. Formal depression of the type measured by the Levine-Pilowsky Depression Questionnaire which corresponds to the psychiatric interview was not prominent. On the SCL-90, a more widely ranging type of psychological test, there were marked elevations on the somatization scale which are partly artifact, and also significant elevations for obsessive traits, depression, anxiety and general symptoms. Questions in the tests concerning irritability and frustration were frequently answered affirmatively. Low-back pain patients and compensation patients did not differ significantly from the remainder on the SCL-90 or on the Levine-Pilowsky Questionnaire. The findings are taken to indicate an understandable pattern of emotional response to chronic pain whether in the low back or elsewhere, as well as a specific difference in descriptions in patients with low-back pain. They are held to support the view that many patients receiving compensation have the same pattern of emotional response as those who do not obtain financial payment because of their illness. PMID- 6218464 TI - Pain in far-advanced cancer. AB - Hundred patients with far-advanced cancer and pain were interviewed within a few days of admission to a special care unit. Eighty had more than one pain; 34 had four or more. A total of 303 anatomically distinct pains were recorded. Ninety one patients had pain caused by the cancer itself. Twelve had treatment-related pain; and 19 had pain related to chronic disease or debility ('associated pain'). Thirty-nine patients had one or more pains unrelated to cancer or treatment; the most common of these was myofascial pain. In 41 patients only was all the pain caused directly by the cancer. Bone involvement and nerve compression were the most common forms of cancer-related pain; soft tissue and visceral pains also occurred frequently. Fifty-seven patients had pain for more than 4 months. PMID- 6218465 TI - Trypanosoma cruzi: deficient lymphocyte reactivity during experimental acute Chagas' disease in the absence of suppressor T cells. AB - Infection of mice with Trypanosoma cruzi has been shown to lead to an impaired ability of lymphocytes to proliferate in response to mitogenic stimulation which is manifested during the acute period of the disease. A possible involvement of suppressor T lymphocytes has been postulated by other authors and was investigated in this work as a part of our efforts to disclose the mechanisms underlying the immunologic deficiency. Spleen cells from acutely infected CBA/J mice readily exhibited unresponsiveness to stimulation with concanavalin A, phytohaemagglutinin or a bacterial lipopolysaccharide. However, these cells were unable to reduce the responses that normal syngeneic-mouse spleen cells mounted to these mitogens when cultured together in equal proportions. Furthermore, removal of the Lyt 2.1-bearing cells, known to include the suppressor T cell subpopulation, from infected mouse splenocyte suspensions, did not alter the deficient responsive status of the remaining cells. These results, together with the severe depletion of the T-cell compartment which occurs in the spleens of animals acutely infected with T. cruzi, do not support an important role of suppressor T lymphocytes in the noted deficiency in lymphoid cell reactivity to mitogens. Reduced numbers of responder cells, intrinsic lymphocyte alterations or suppression by cells other than T lymphocytes remain plausible explanations to be explored. PMID- 6218466 TI - [Intensified virulence of the causative agent in the process of the formation of a focus of cutaneous leishmaniasis]. AB - A possible effect of a new epidemic nidus "age" on the virulence of Leishmania was studied. For a period of 9 years 16 strains were isolated from man affected with leishmaniosis. Infectivity of all strains was high (100% infection of animals). The incubative period of the disease in animals was the shorter the more years passed from the moment of the nidus formation. Strains isolated within the first 4-5 years caused leishmaniosis in 2-3 months and those isolated during subsequent years--in 1 to 3 weeks. PMID- 6218467 TI - [Autologous and allogeneic mixed lymphocyte-epidermal cell cultures in man. In vitro approach to lymphoepidermal interactions]. AB - The ability of human normal skin epidermal cells (EC) to induce the proliferation of allogeneic and autologous lymphocytes was investigated in vitro in mixed skin cell-lymphocyte culture reaction (MSLR) as an in vitro approach of the lympho epidermal interactions that are suspected to be involved in the pathogenesis of cutaneous inflammatory skin diseases and T cell lymphomas in man. Normal human EC were able to stimulate either allogeneic or autologous lymphocytes in MSLR in culture conditions similar to that previously reported in animals. The stimulation was higher in allogeneic than in autologous MSLR. MSLR did not appear to be affected by the trypsin treatment used to obtain EC in suspensions. Lymphocytes proliferation was maximal with a lymphocytes/EC ratio of 1:1. This suggests that autologous and allogeneic MSLR in man depends upon in vitro conditions similar to that studied in animals, and that MSLR may provide an useful tool for the study and the understanding of lympho-epidermal interactions in man. PMID- 6218468 TI - [Inhibin and cybernins]. AB - Inhibin is a peptidic gonadal hormone which preferentially suppresses FSH secretion and synthesis. As its purification is not yet achieved, only bioassays are available, performed with testicular extracts or follicular fluid. Its secretion by granulosa cells and Sertoli cells is partly spontaneous, partly stimulated by androgens and FSH. In women, folliculogenesis is controlled by inhibin induced FSH fluctuations. But inhibin acts also at the gonadal level like the cybernins, peptidic substances secreted by the ovary, which modulate ovarian effects of gonadotrophins. Five of them have been identified: the oocyte maturation inhibitor, the luteinization inhibitor, the FSH binding inhibitor (implied in follicular atresia), the LH receptor binding inhibitor (involved in luteolysis), and gonadocrinins (which bind to ovarian LHRH-receptors). The discovery of these ovarian peptids leads to new concepts in folliculogenesis and luteolysis and may provide a new therapeutic approach in contraception and sterility fields. PMID- 6218469 TI - [Constitutional chromosome abnormalities and acute leukemia]. AB - A review on the association between acute leukemias (AL) and constitutional chromosome abnormalities (CCA) is presented. AL, myeloblastic or lymphoblastic according to age are 16 to 20 times more frequent in Down Syndrome (DS) children than in non DS children. The incidence of acquired chromosome abnormalities is similar in leukemic cells of DS and non DS patients but the type of anomalies, in the leukemic myeloblastic cells of DS, are different: hyperdiploidy, excess of C, F and G. Gain of chromosomes 8, 19 and 22 would characterize leukemic myeloblasts in an early stage of differentiation. Recent data on transient leukemoid reactions show that a 21 in DS appears to be predisposing factor in the development of AL. Association between AL and other balanced or unbalanced CCA appears until now to be fortuitous. PMID- 6218470 TI - Invited review: the biology of the T cell in the mouse. PMID- 6218471 TI - Reproductive decisions: adolescents with Down syndrome. PMID- 6218472 TI - Moxalactam treatment of serious infections primarily due to Haemophilus influenzae type b in children. AB - Thirty-eight children completed therapy with moxalactam for a variety of non-CNS infections. Haemophilus influenzae type b (seven ampicillin-resistant strains) was the etiologic agent for 32 children. Doses of moxalactam ranged from 113 to 200 mg/kg/d in three or four divided doses administered parenterally. All children with infections due to H influenzae type b had excellent responses to moxalactam therapy. Children treated for infections due to other agents also responded satisfactorily to moxalactam therapy. Moxalactam concentrations in joint and pleural fluids greatly exceeded the minimal bactericidal concentrations of moxalactam for H influenzae type b. Adverse reactions included neutropenia, eosinophilia, thrombocytosis, and transient elevation of transaminase levels. Moxalactam administered parenterally, at a dose of 113 to 150 mg/kg/d in three or four divided doses is effective therapy for serious infections in children due to H influenzae type b and selected other organisms. PMID- 6218473 TI - [Changes on the ECG in atresia of the right atrioventricular ostium with decreased pulmonary blood flow in young children]. PMID- 6218474 TI - Discriminant analysis of gross and fine motor proficiency data. AB - Two classes of non-handicapped and two classes of handicapped children (n = 67), aged 5 to 12 years, took part in a study designed to determine whether a regular or specially designed physical education program suited their individual needs best. Initially receiving instruction with class peers each child was administered the 14-item short-form Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency. Discriminant analysis of the data indicated that two of the three functions were significant, together accounting for 93% of the variance. For each significant function fewer than half the test items contributed substantial discriminatory power. Over-all, 75% of the subjects were correctly classified but misclassifications occurred in each class; different placements seem appropriate for non-handicapped and handicapped children. PMID- 6218475 TI - Static stretch sensitivity of Ia and II afferents in the cat's gastrocnemius. AB - The static discharge characteristics of deefferented Ia and II spindle afferents in the cat medial gastrocnemius muscle have been compared with respect to incidence and firing rate of spontaneously firing units, length threshold of nonspontaneous units, linearity of the response to stretch, and position sensitivity. Measurements of the stretch response were taken 20s after each step increase in length so as to obtain the nearly fully adapted rate. Under this condition the frequency-length relationship was quite linear, especially for group II units. The mean position sensitivity of group II fibers exceeded that of Ia fibers in the ratio of 1.5: 1.0. The incidence of spontaneously discharging units was about 20% for both types of unit. The relationships between some of these measures and axonal conduction rate were examined. No correlation of position sensitivity with axonal conduction velocity was detected for either afferent type, but the length thresholds of the group II afferents showed a significant trend for slower conducting, that is, smaller fibers to be less sensitive. There was some indication of a direct relationship between conduction velocity and length threshold for Ia fibers. The contradiction to the "size principle" and mechanisms contributing to the static discharge behavior of the spindle are discussed. PMID- 6218477 TI - Bracing and supporting of the lumbar spine. AB - The orthopaedic surgeon should be familiar with various supports and braces for the treatment of low back pain. Severe cases of spinal instability always need a Hohmann overbridging brace, whereas the milder form of motion-segment instability is treated with one of the elastic supports. In cases of osteoporosis of the spine and insufficiency of the lumbosacral junction the Lindemann 2/3 semi elastic brace is prescribed. PMID- 6218476 TI - A comparison of the mechanical properties of oesophageal striated muscle with skeletal muscles of the guinea pig. AB - An in vitro comparative study has been made of the contractile properties of guinea pig oesophageal striated muscle with fast twitch (extensor digitorum longus) and slow twitch (soleus) muscles. Histochemical analysis of sections showed oesophageal fibres to react in a manner typical of fast twitch muscles. Isometric measurements made at 23 and 37 degrees C indicated that oesophageal striated muscle contracts at speeds similar to, but still significantly faster than soleus. Isotonic measurements of oesophageal preparations made at 23 degrees C gave an intrinsic speed of shortening and an a/Po value derived from Hill's equation, comparable with that obtained for soleus. The reason for the contradiction between the results from histochemistry, and the results from isometric and isotonic contractions are not apparent, but may be due to differences in fibre arrangement between oesophagus and the two skeletal muscles. PMID- 6218478 TI - [Handicapped care and oral hygiene as a community concern]. PMID- 6218479 TI - [Sponsorship of dental stations in leper colonies]. PMID- 6218480 TI - [Determination of plasma 5 alpha-androstane-3 alpha, 17 beta-diol in the hirsute woman. A critical study of the biological diagnosis of hyperandrogenism]. AB - Plasma 5 alpha-androstane-3 alpha, 17 beta-diol (3 alpha-diol) levels were measured by radioimmunoassay after separation by column chromatography in normal and hirsute women. Mean values were 106 +/- 17 pg/ml in normal women and 182 +/- 22 pg/ml in hirsute women, the difference being significant (p less than 0.001). High plasma 3 alpha-diol levels were found in 29 out of 31 patients. Measurements of testosterone (T), delta-4 androstenedione (A) and dehydro epiandrosterone sulphate were performed simultaneously in 23 patients. The 3 alpha-diol measurements proved as useful as the other parameters to assess biochemical hyperandrogenism, but they cannot replace simultaneous T and A measurements which remain the best diagnostic criteria. PMID- 6218481 TI - [Present status of primary Gougerot-Sjogren syndrome]. AB - When primary and not part of a systemic autoimmune disease, Sjogren's syndrome has peculiar clinical, serological and genetic features. It exceptionally becomes malignant but evolves to a stage of pseudo-lymphoma. Numerous studies suggest hyperstimulation of B-lymphocytes that would result from destruction of suppressive T-lymphocytes, this destruction in turn being probably due to failure of immune complex clearing by the reticulo-endothelial system. PMID- 6218483 TI - A risky equation for health? PMID- 6218484 TI - Health care in Egypt: DIY aids for the disabled. PMID- 6218482 TI - DNase I hypersensitive regions correlate with a site-specific endogenous nuclease activity on the r-chromatin of Tetrahymena. AB - A novel nuclease activity have been detected at three specific sites in the chromatin of the spacer region flanking the 5'-end of the ribosomal RNA gene from Tetrahymena. The endogenous nuclease does not function catalytically in vitro, but is in analogy with the DNA topoisomerases activated by strong denaturants to cleave DNA at specific sites. The endogenous cleavages have been mapped at positions +50, -650 and -1100 relative to the 5'-end of the pre-35S rRNA. The endogenous cleavage sites are associated with micrococcal nuclease hypersensitive sites and DNase I hypersensitive regions. Thus, a single well-defined micrococcal nuclease hypersensitive site is found approximately 130 bp upstream from each of the endogenous cleavages. Clusters of defined sites, the majority of which fall within the 130 bp regions defined by vicinal micrococcal nuclease and endogenous cleavages, constitute the DNase I hypersensitive regions. PMID- 6218485 TI - Abnormalities of breathing control and airway maintenance in infants and children as a cause of cor pulmonale. AB - Respiratory control abnormalities may result in cor pulmonale. This report summarizes the clinical history, diagnostic evaluation, treatment, and outcome of 16 infants and children presenting with cor pulmonale subsequently found to be due to sleep-dependent hypoventilation. Eleven patients had cardiomegaly and electrocardiographic evidence of right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH) while 5 had only severe RVH or biventricular hypertrophy (BVH). Four infants with central hypoventilation syndrome (CHS)--absence of sleep-related ventilatory drive--had severe sleep-dependent asphyxia and resultant acute respiratory failure; all were ultimately treated with phrenic nerve pacing. One patient with alveolar hypoventilation syndrome (AHS)--a partial deficit in ventilatory drive during sleep--presented with severe pulmonary hypertension and ultimately died despite symptomatic relief with respiratory stimulants. Eleven patients presented with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and sleep-dependent asphyxia secondary to intermittent complete or to prolonged partial upper airway obstruction. Localized airway obstruction due to an anomalous innominate artery in 1 child was corrected by arteriopexy. Four children underwent adenotonsillectomy (T&A) with disappearance of symptoms in 1, clinical improvement in 2 and no clinical improvement in another. This unimproved patient and the 6 remaining OSA children improved dramatically after tracheostomy to bypass the sleep-dependent airway obstruction; none presently has evidence of cor pulmonale. In summary, early recognition and appropriate treatment of respiratory control disorders will improve sleep ventilation, eliminate asphyxia during sleep, and prevent the development of cor pulmonale. PMID- 6218486 TI - Candida esophagitis during tetracycline treatment for adolescent acne vulgaris. PMID- 6218487 TI - [Value of serological studies of the complement system in glomerulonephritis]. PMID- 6218488 TI - Peripheral blood lymphocytes in sarcoidosis. AB - Sarcoidosis is characterised by changes in the lymphocyte subpopulations of the peripheral venous blood in the majority of patients. Thymus derived lymphocytes (T cells) are low whilst Bursa derived lymphocytes (B cells) are usually normal in number. The T cell lymphopaenia is best regarded as a "switching off" of available receptors as in vitro treatment with Levamisole restores this population to normal control values. A functional subset of T cells, T suppressor cells (T gamma) are activated, in sarcoidosis, in peripheral venous blood. Sarcoid sera is characterised by two inhibiting fractions; one, of low molecular weight (60 000 daltons) inhibits E rosette formation by normal T lymphocytes and may be a product of T suppressor cells or epithelioid/macrophage cells: the other is an immune complex which is capable of activating normal T suppressor cells and the serum immune complex concentration is positively correlated with suppressor cell activation in sarcoidosis. PMID- 6218489 TI - Myofascial origins of low back pain. 1. Principles of diagnosis and treatment. AB - Myofascial trigger points (TPs) are frequently overlooked sources of acute and chronic low back pain. An active myofascial TP is suspected by its focal tenderness to palpation and by restricted stretch range of motion. The restricted lengthening of the muscle is due to the tense band of muscle fibers in which the TP is located. The presence of a TP is confirmed by a local twitch response and by reproduction of its known pattern of referred pain, which matches the distribution of the patient's pain. Only an active TP causes a clinical pain complaint; a latent TP does not. The pain can be relieved by the stretch-and spray procedure, ischemic compression, or precise injection of the TP with procaine solution. Relief is usually long lasting only if mechanical and systemic perpetuating factors are corrected. PMID- 6218490 TI - Myofascial origins of low back pain. 2. Torso muscles. AB - Trigger points (TPs) in muscles of the lower torso associated with the spine are an important cause of low back pain. The quadratus lumborum is the muscle most commonly involved, but TPs located there are often overlooked because of inadequate physical examination techniques. TPs in the lower rectus abdominis refer pain horizontally across the low back, and those in the iliopsoas refer pain in a vertical pattern, parallel to the lumbosacral spine. The pain pattern of TPs in the serratus posterior inferior is noted in the region of the muscle itself. PMID- 6218491 TI - [Cause of increased airway resistance in childhood]. PMID- 6218492 TI - [New anomalous unstable hemoglobin Mozhaisk detected in the blood of a nonspherocytic hemolytic anemia patient]. PMID- 6218493 TI - [Frequency of gene and haplotype occurrence of HLA system A and B loci in Armenians]. PMID- 6218494 TI - [Work and occupational rehabilitation of tuberculosis patients in sanatoria]. PMID- 6218495 TI - [Effectiveness of sanatorium and climate treatment of chronic diffuse obstructive bronchitis with residual tuberculous changes]. PMID- 6218496 TI - [Work experience in organizing tuberculosis and pulmonological care for the population of Leningrad]. PMID- 6218497 TI - [Means of increasing the effectiveness of the sanatorium treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis patients with concomitant diseases]. PMID- 6218498 TI - [Tuberculosis control health propaganda among the population]. PMID- 6218499 TI - Differentiation of human T-lymphoid leukemia cells into cells that have a suppressor phenotype is induced by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate. AB - Treatment of cultured human T-lymphoid (CEM) leukemia cells with nanomolar concentrations of phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) resulted in a reduction in cell growth and in the acquisition of a surface antigenic pattern that is common to both suppressor and cytotoxic T lymphocytes. This antigenic pattern was detected by OKT monoclonal antibodies. PMA treatment did not cause the expression of a cytotoxic function but rather induced the expression of a suppressor cell marker. This marker was characterized by the ability of the treated CEM cells to suppress [3H]thymidine incorporation into phytohemagglutinin-activated peripheral blood lymphocytes. After 4 days of treatment of CEM cells from either cloned or the parental cell population with 16 nM PMA, 71-98% of the cells expressed reactivity with OKT3 and OKT8 antibodies whereas reactivity with OKT4 and OKT6 was detected in less than or equal to 1-8% of the cells. The CEM cells can be divided into five groups based on the antigenic patterns of cells from randomly isolated clones. The cells from four of these groups were characterized by either low or high reactivity with each of the four OKT antibodies. The antigenic pattern of the fifth group resembled that of the parent CEM cells. The acquisition of reactivity with the OKT3 antibody in the CEM cells after PMA treatment was dependent on both time and dose and did not require cell replication. Acquisition of reactivity with OKT3 antibody also occurred after treatment with phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate but not after treatment with phorbol 13 monoacetate, phorbol 12,13-diacetate, or dimethyl sulfoxide. These results indicate that treatment of CEM cells with PMA and related agents can cause the cells to express a phenotype that resembles that of a mature suppressor T lymphocyte. PMID- 6218500 TI - Replication of lambda dv plasmid in vitro promoted by purified lambda O and P proteins. AB - An in vitro system for replication of lambda dv plasmid DNA has been constructed. This system consists of an ammonium sulfate fraction from Escherichia coli extract, exogenously added purified lambda O and P proteins, and lambda dv DNA in closed circular form. More than 85% of the added template DNA replicated semiconservatively. In the same system, another plasmid, pBR322, also replicated, but less efficiently than lambda dv. Furthermore, its replication was independent of O and P proteins. Inhibitors of DNA gyrase entirely blocked the replication activity, whereas rifampicin, an inhibitor of RNA polymerase, showed a significant effect only when added prior to initiation of the DNA replication. DNA replication was initiated from a region near to or within the four direct repeats in lambda origin (lambda ori) and proceeded bidirectionally, as examined by DNA chain elongation termination with dideoxy CTP. A cloned DNA carrying a 350 base-pair region including the initiation site also initiated replication, dependent on O and P proteins, and its initiation occurred at the same position as with native lambda dv DNA. An A + T-rich structure neighboring the repeats was found to be essential for lambda DNA replication. Regions corresponding to ice and oop were not required for O,P-dependent initiation. PMID- 6218501 TI - 31P NMR studies of control of mitochondrial function in phosphofructokinase deficient human skeletal muscle. AB - Metabolic control of mitochondrial respiratory activity by Pi and ADP has been evaluated by 31P NMR measurements of the levels of Pi in normal exercising human skeletal tissues in the resting-active-resting transition and, in this contribution, in the phosphofructokinase (PFK)-deficient leg. The latter studies show near constancy of Pi in the recovery from maximal exercise of the leg, with large changes of sugar phosphate (SP) complementary to the changes of phosphocreatine (PCr). The PFK deficiency permits observation of PCr resynthesis in postexercise recovery under conditions of nearly constant Pi and ATP--a phenomenon not evident in normal exercising muscle. The constancy of free Pi is inconsistent with its role in control of mitochondrial activity, leaving ADP as a key metabolic control element. These results help clarify previous controversies on the nature of control of metabolic activity of mitochondria and extend the idea of ADP control of mitochondrial metabolic states in vivo and, in addition, provide an appropriate exercise protocol for the evaluation of a genetic deficiency affecting mitochondrial metabolism. PMID- 6218502 TI - Bacteriophage lambda int protein recognizes two classes of sequence in the phage att site: characterization of arm-type sites. AB - Purified int protein from bacteriophage lambda binds to specific sites in DNA that are not part of the functional attachment sites (non-att DNA) as well as to specific sites in att DNA. Analysis of non-att sites protected from nucleases by int has permitted definition of two distinctly different consensus recognition sequences, one of which, the arm-type sequence, is characterized in this report. Both types of recognition sequence occur in attP; five copies of the arm-type consensus sequence are located distant from the crossover region in the P1, P2, and P' arm protected regions. The second type of recognition sequence occurs at the crossover region. Modification of int with N-ethylmaleimide selectively alters its interaction with arm-type sequences. PMID- 6218503 TI - Partial primary structure of bovine plasma fibronectin: three types of internal homology. AB - Approximately one-half of the amino acid sequence (911 amino acid residues out of 1,880 expected) for bovine plasma fibronectin (cold-insoluble globulin) has been determined. Three types of internal homology were identified, showing that a number of partial gene duplications (multiplications) have occurred during the evolution of this protein. Digestion of fibronectin with plasmin results in major fragments with molecular masses of 29, 170, 23, and 6 kilodaltons (kDal). The NH(2)-terminal 29-kDal fragment consists of 259 residues ordered as five mutually homologous domains (type I homology) with two disulfide bonds in each domain. The 170-kDal fragment shows two to three bands after NaDodSO(4) gel electrophoresis, indicating heterogeneity. This fragment contains the gelatin binding site and the strong heparin binding site present in fibronectin. Digestion of the 170-kDal fragment with chymotrypsin liberates a 45-kDal fragment that also binds to gelatin. This fragment contains at least one domain of type I homology and two domains of type II homology. Further digestion of the 170-kDal fragment with chymotrypsin results in the formation of a 30-kDal fragment that retains the heparin binding activity. This fragment contains sequences constituting type III homology. The 23-kDal fragment consists of 178 residues having three domains of type I homology. The 6-kDal fragment consists of two identical peptides of 26 residues, and these two peptides are linked to each other by two disulfide bonds that form the interchain bridges. Another one of the peptides for which the sequence was determined links the COOH-terminus of the 29-kDal fragment to the NH(2)-terminus of the 170-kDal fragment. This and the fact that the COOH-terminal residue of the 6-kDal fragment is a glutamic acid residue order the four plasmin digestion fragments as 29-, 170-, 23-, and 6-kDal in the intact fibronectin molecule. PMID- 6218505 TI - Studies on the regulation of bone synthesis and bone resorption. PMID- 6218504 TI - Sequence specificity in aflatoxin B1--DNA interactions. AB - The activated form of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) causes covalent modification primarily of guanine residues, leading to alkali-labile sites in DNA. A simple extension of the Maxam-Gilbert procedure for sequence analysis permits the identification of alkali-labile sites induced by AFB1 and determination of the frequency of alkali labile AFB1 modifications at particular sites on a DNA fragment of known sequence. Using this strategy, we have investigated the influence of flanking nucleotide sequences on AFB1 modification in a number of DNA fragments of known sequence. Our results show that certain guanine residues in double-stranded DNA are preferentially attacked by AFB1 over others in a manner predictable from a knowledge of vicinal nucleotide sequences. The observed in vitro sequence specificity is independent of a number of tested parameters and is likely to occur in vivo. PMID- 6218506 TI - Modification of the physiological determinants of cardiac energy expenditure by pharmacological agents. PMID- 6218507 TI - An early clinical phase II evaluation of paroxetine, a new potent and selective 5HT-uptake inhibitor in patients with depressive illness. AB - Paroxetine, a new, potent and selective serotonin (5-HT) uptake inhibitor has been evaluated in an open study for its clinical effect as well as its effect on the 5-HT concentration in whole blood in 19 patients with depressive illness. Paroxetine was administered in daily doses of 20 to 60 mg. The global evaluation after six to eight weeks showed a marked improvement in 11 patients, a moderate improvement in four and no change in four patients. Assessment with the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression in ten patients showed a reduction from a mean score of 22.7 to 6.6 in six weeks. Maximal reduction was, however, first seen in three of the patients after 8 to 12 weeks. No correlation between the antidepressant effect and plasma concentrations of paroxetine was found. The only side effects noted with paroxetine were that two patients complained of dry mouth in the beginning of the treatment and a further patient experienced a burning sensation together with periodical light headache. Generally laboratory examinations did not show any trend towards pathological values except in one patient, where a moderate leucopenia was observed. Crista puncture/biopsy showed, however, no specific bone marrow reaction. The 5-HT concentration in whole blood was reduced to about 0.02 micrograms/ml indicating a total depletion of 5-HT from the thrombocytes. The present study indicates that paroxetine possesses a good antidepressive effect in combination with a very low frequency of side effects. PMID- 6218508 TI - Perceived behavioral changes observed with adaptive seating devices and training programs for multihandicapped, developmentally disabled individuals. AB - The purpose of this study was to assess, by analyzing survey responses, the perceived behavioral changes that were observed when adaptive seating devices and training programs were provided to multihandicapped, developmentally disabled individuals. Results for 41 clients were analyzed. Statistical analysis revealed that significant changes in social interaction, positioning, tracking, grasping, and self-feeding were perceived by parents, guardians, or trainers. The necessity of a prospective study to analyze data about the influence of behavior programs used with adaptive seating devices is discussed. PMID- 6218509 TI - [Improper local corticotherapy in phlebology. Apropos of a case]. AB - Referring to a case history, we remind you that local corticotherapy can have considerable cutaneous side-effects. We describe the case of a patient treated for more than five years for periulcerous eczema by combined triamcinolone and neomycine. This treatment was responsible for cutaneous atrophy and the detachment triggered off a phenomenon which we compare to the corticoidal dermatitis observed following the detachment of prolonged local corticotherapy on the face. The discussion is brought to bear on the method of detachment, which can be either harsh or gentle, using corticoids which are milder, or without fluorine, in the degressive process. PMID- 6218510 TI - Comparison of vascular hemodynamics in experimental models of microvascular anastomoses. AB - Blood flow was measured in the canine saphenous artery using electromagnetic flowmetry. Significant increase in blood flow was noted after occlusion of the distal femoral artery. However, after raising a saphenous island flap there was no significant change in the blood flow before and after distal femoral artery occlusion. The flap peripheral resistance and blood flow were compared after end to-end and end-to-side anastomosis and no statistical difference was noted. PMID- 6218511 TI - The rectus abdominis myocutaneous flap: observation and refinements. PMID- 6218512 TI - Setting characteristics and porosity of a composite resin. PMID- 6218513 TI - [An unusual form of osteoarthropathy in psoriatric erythroderma]. AB - Follow-up study is reported of an unusual osteoarthropathy showing considerable changes in the vertebral column and connected with a psoriatric erythrodermia. X ray findings are growing metaplastic ossifications in the capsular ligaments, which are extremely prominent in the regions of shoulder joints and hip joints. In the vertebral column cervical and lumbal regions are especially attacked and in fibro-ostitis huge metaplastic ossifications of the ligaments develop, which radiologically are very similar to the picture of an ankylopoietic spondylosis. After long-term therapy with high doses of cortisone the patient developed diabetes mellitus and Cushing-syndrome. The arising complications soon caused her death. PMID- 6218514 TI - [Immunological mechanisms in aplastic anemia. II. Clinical data suggesting the role of immunologic disorders in the etiology of aplastic anemia: studies in vitro]. PMID- 6218515 TI - [Double tracer autoradiography of bone tumor using 3H-thymidine and radionuclides for diagnostic purpose]. AB - Whole body distribution and accumulation of radionuclide for diagnostic purpose such as 99mTc-MDP (methylene diphosphonate), 67Ga-citrate (67Ga) and 201Tl chloride (201Tl) in implanted osteosarcoma of human origin were evaluated by macroautoradiography of Balb/c nude mouse. 3H-thymidine of which uptake has a close relation to growth pattern of tumors was used for a partner of target nuclide in double tracer technique to examine the distribution characteristics. Separated distribution pattern of coupled nuclides was imaged by a difference both of half life and energy of radiation between radionuclides. The distribution pattern of each target nuclide and 3H-thymidine were compared to clarify distribution characteristics respectively in specimen. 67Ga and 201Tl were taken around the tumor and the mode of their distribution was identical to that of 3H thymidine. Uptake of 67Ga in tumor was much higher. 99mTc-MDP accumulated in the central zone of the tumor and its pattern was quite different from that of 3H thymidine. From above result it was demonstrated that the accumulation mechanism of 67Ga, 201Tl and 99mTc-MDP are quite different in the tumor each other. So we concluded that our method of double tracer technique was useful for evaluation of distribution pattern of radionuclides for diagnostic purpose. PMID- 6218516 TI - [Radical colectomy in cancer of the transverse colon]. AB - The authors discuss the optimal surgical attitude in the cases of 44 patients with cancers of the transverse colon (excluding the angular localizations), representing 5.4% of the total number of colic cancers operated in the Clinic over the last 20 years. All the patients were in stages C and D (according to the Turnbull and Dukes classification), and the general index of resectibility of 79%. Segmental transverse colectomy should be reserved for patients of advanced age, as well as for those with organic disturbances, altered general condition, of when there is extensive loco-regional involvement, or metastases at distance. Fifteen patients were included in these categories. Extended transverse colectomy, with radical intent from the oncological standpoint, appears to be the optimal attitude in the cases of patients which do not have any of the contraindications mentioned above. Twenty patients were in this group. The postoperative death rate was 11.4% for the entire group of patients in whom resections were performed. Five patients (25%) have survived according to our data between 5 and 11 years after extensive radical colectomy. PMID- 6218517 TI - [Polypectomy of the colon by the endoscopic route]. AB - The authors describe the colonoscopic technique with its advantages for the diagnosis of colonic lesions by direct observation, as well as for the possibilities provided in view of obtaining bioptic samples. The colonic polyps are also described under their macroscopic aspect, their potential for malignant evolution and a technique is detailed used in the removal of pediculated and sessile polyps by an endoscopic route. The importance is specified, of a correct preparation of the colon, and the necessity is stressed of sampling multiple fragments for the histopathologic examination. The authors have performed a total of 30 polypectomies in 27 patients, and they stress the advantages of the endoscopic route, especially as compared with the transabdominal colic resections. PMID- 6218518 TI - [Multiple gastric ulcerations]. PMID- 6218519 TI - [Clinical and therapeutic aspects in perforated gastroduodenal ulcer]. AB - A total of 591 cases were studied, with perforated gastroduodenal ulcerations, who underwent surgery in the Emergency Clinic of Bucharest in 1978-1979. Of the 591 patients 528 had duodenal perforations, 58 had gastric perforated ulcers, 4 had perforated duodenal ulcers and gastric ulcers penetrating in the pancreas, and one patient had a peptic perforated ulcer. Several factors are studied in this paper, including: age, the interval from the onset of the symptoms to hospitalization, the duration of preoperative preparations, the anatomo-clinical forms of the perforated gastro-duodenal ulcers, the type of surgical treatment, the evolution and the complications after surgery. The surgical interventions were individualized, from one case to the next, according to the general and the local condition of each patient. PMID- 6218520 TI - [Traumatic ruptures of the intestine with closed abdomen. Considerations on 20 cases]. PMID- 6218522 TI - [Pathogenetic aspects of acute renal insufficiency in experimental acute pancreatitis]. AB - The authors carried out a study of some pathogenic mechanisms related to the development of acute renal failure in animals following pancreatitis-induced shock. The study was made in 110 white rats in which acute pancreatitis was induced experimentally, and the results were compared with those obtained in a control lot of 40 rats. The behaviour of some biochemical parameters was investigated (cathecholamines, acid phosphatases, catepsine, aminoacids and polypeptides), in tissue homogenates (liver, intestine and kidney), and in the serum. Histopathologic changes were also evaluated, which occurred in the intestine, the kidney, the liver and the pancreas. Histopathologic changes in the kidney, and acute renal failure which accompanied them in rats with acute pancreatitis are rather a result of protesic activation in the tissues of the organs involved (especially the intestine and the kidney), and are less the results of enzymatic extension or metastases following pancreatic necrosis. PMID- 6218521 TI - [Importance of hormone dependence of malignant tumors of the breast in orientation of the surgical treatment]. AB - The authors have investigated the presence of oestrogenic and progesteronic receptors in 38 patients with breast cancer. It was noted that these receptors were present in 20 patients, and that the hormone-dependent tumours are more frequent in patients which are in the post-menopausal stage. The level of circulating oestrogens was also investigated, as well as the amount of oestrogens in the cytosol of tumor cells, and in the normal cells from the diseased breast. In patients with oestrogen-positive tumors, and/or progesteron-positive tumors, a rise was noted in the amount of circulating oestradiol, an increased contents of cytosolic oestradiol, especially in the tumoral cells as compared with the normal ones in the same breast. On the basis of these data patients were selected, with hormone-dependent breast tumors in view of ovarectomy. The indications are discussed, as well as the advantages of surgical ovarectomy. PMID- 6218524 TI - [Volvulus of the gallbladder]. AB - An observation is presented concerning a volvulus of the gallbladder, a rare cause of acute abdomen. This affection is mostly encountered in aged people or in those with various background diseases, and its development is favoured by the presence of congenital malformations, visceral ptoses, or by exaggerated intestinal peristaltism. The preoperative diagnosis is only exceptional and indications for surgical intervention are made on the basis of signs suggesting peritoneal irritation, or the presence of a "tumor" in the right flank. Cholecystectomy, facial in most of the cases is followed by full recovery in all the cases when the intervention is performed at an early stage. PMID- 6218523 TI - [A new technical procedure in right medio-inferior bilobectomy]. PMID- 6218525 TI - [AVA 1, an apparatus for artificial ventilation in anesthesia]. PMID- 6218526 TI - [Intragastric administration of norartrinal in hemorrhage caused by rupture of esophageal varices]. AB - In 20 patients with g hepatic cirrhosis hospitalized for upper digestive haemorrhage by rupture of oesophageal varices, the intragastric administration of norartrinal in amounts of 4-40 mg/24 h achieved definitive haemostasis in 7 cases and temporary haemostasis (with prolonged survival) in another 6 cases. The overall mortality was 80%. In three of the 7 patients in which haemorrhage was completely arrested death occurred as a result of hepatic failure. The large amounts of Norartrinal administered (up to 120 mg total dose) were well tolerated and did not have haemodynamic side-effects, or renal side-effects. The results obtained, and especially the easy method used for administration of the drug recommend this method as an alternative of the vasopressin treatment. PMID- 6218527 TI - [Electromyography in ophthalmologic practice. I]. PMID- 6218528 TI - [Diabetic retinopathy, classification, etiopathogenesis, treatment]. PMID- 6218529 TI - [Study of ocular functional capacity for determination of visual capacity necessary for some occupations in automobile transportation and driving]. PMID- 6218530 TI - [Diagnostic problems in unilateral exophthalmos]. PMID- 6218531 TI - [Therapeutic progress in ophthalmology in 1979-1981]. PMID- 6218532 TI - [Methods of the Cluj-Napoca ophthalmological clinic in optical treatment of concomitant strabismus]. PMID- 6218533 TI - [Closed vitrectomy (through pars plana) in the treatment of post-traumatic vitreous hemorrhage]. PMID- 6218534 TI - [Use of cortisone in therapy of endogenous uveitis]. PMID- 6218535 TI - [Results of occlusion in strabismic amblyopia with central and excentric fixation]. PMID- 6218536 TI - [Avulsion of the optic nerve]. PMID- 6218537 TI - [The morning glory syndrome]. PMID- 6218538 TI - [Bilateral cataract caused by electrocution]. PMID- 6218539 TI - [The Irvine-Gass syndrome]. PMID- 6218540 TI - [Optic neuropathy in severe hemorrhage]. PMID- 6218542 TI - [Effect of p-chlorophenylalanine on LH, FSH, prolactin and ovulation in the rat]. AB - The effect of p-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA: 300 mg/kg) on the rate of ovulation and plasma LH, FSH and prolactin secretion has been studied in rats at preovulatory periods (18th hour of diestrus) and post-ovulatory periods (9th hour of metaestrus). In both experimental groups, results showed that administration of PCPA caused an increase in both prolactin concentration and number of mature ovarian follicles (p less than 0.001). No changes were observed in FSH levels. LH concentration, however, decreased (p less than 0.001) and ovulation became totally inhibited. Rats treated at the 9th hour of metaestrus exhibited a marked luteinization as well as an increased number of corpus luteum in the ovaric tissue (p less than 0.001), whereas those treated at the 18th hour of diestrus underwent no luteinization and merely showed a greater number of mature ovarian follicles (p less than 0.001). PCPA, therefore, seems not to have a double effect on ovulation, LH, FSH, and prolactin secretion regardless of the pre or post ovulatory periods. Changes observed in the ovaric tissue might be due to an increase in plasma prolactin concentration which appears earlier in the preovulatory than in the post-ovulatory treated animals. This difference may explain the double effect that has been attributed to the ovaric cycle and reproductive behavior. PMID- 6218541 TI - [Retinitis pigmentosa with congenital deaf-mutism and cerebellar heredoataxia]. PMID- 6218543 TI - Enzymatic assays: optimization of systems by using pyruvate kinase and lactate dehydrogenase as auxiliary enzymes. AB - A method to optimize enzymatic assays by using pyruvate kinase and lactate dehydrogenase enzymes is presented and applied to mitochondrial ATPase as an example. Optimum amounts of auxiliary enzymes, to obtain either a 99% of the initial rate in a given time (t99) or a given lag period (L), are calculated from their apparent Michaelis constants (Kapp) in the medium used and their prices per enzymatic international unit. PMID- 6218544 TI - [The pineal organ of the pike (Esox lucius L.). IV. Endogenous serotonin and monoamine oxidase activity: an histochemical, ultracytochemical and pharmacological study]. PMID- 6218545 TI - [Total and contractile protein synthesis during experimental cardiac hypertrophy]. AB - The fractional turnover rate of the total protein extracted from cardiac rat ventricles has been measured by the continuous infusion flow technique in unanesthesized animals using 3H-lysine as a marker. This turnover rate approximated 12 p. 100 per day, doubled after aortic stenosis or aortic incompetence, and reached a peak within a week after stenosis and 2 weeks after incompetence. The fractional turnover rate of actin and myosin heavy-chains has been measured by the same technique using 14C-tyrosine as a marker and preparative gel electrophoresis to isolate the protein. This turnover rate approximated 22 and 9 p. 100 per day for myosin and actin, respectively, and doubled 4 days after aortic stenosis. It is suggested that a drop in contraction efficiency triggered protein synthesis in cardiac overloading. PMID- 6218546 TI - [Feminizing action of dehydroepiandrosterone on the left testis of the chick embryo: ultrastructural aspect]. AB - Chick embryos were injected with 4 X 0.5 mg of dehydroepiandrosterone from day 4 onwards and the ultrastructure of the 20-day old hormone-treated male gonads was studied. The cortex was well-developed and some oocytes had reached the meiotic prophase stage. The prefollicular cells did not seem to be stimulated by the androgenic hormone. We especially studied the seminiferous cords with Sertoli cells. Dense core granules, which might be related to secretory activity, were observed in the basal part of the Sertoli cells. The extensive development of smooth endoplasmic reticulum vesicles suggested that some Sertoli cells might have a steroidogenic function. The interstitial cells did not show an important steroidogenic synthesis. The action of dehydroepiandrosterone, which could induce the development of an ovarian-like cortex in intersexual gonads, is discussed. PMID- 6218547 TI - Comparative study of some characteristics of the semen of RR (rose comb) or rr (single comb) cockerels. AB - Comparative studies were made of semen samples from subfertile RR and normally fertile rr cockerels. These samples were obtained either by abdominal massage or directly from the tip of papillae. The numbers of collected sperm did not differ between genotypes and the sperm from RR cockerels were less motile than those from rr cockerels irrespective of the semen collection method. The uric acid concentration of seminal plasma was influenced by the semen collection method (massage greater than papillae) but no variations were induced by the genotypes. The ATP-ase and acid phosphatase activities found in the seminal plasma were influenced respectively by the genotype (rr greater than RR) and the semen collection method (papillae greater than massage). The fumarase and acrosin activities found in the sperm were not influenced by the semen collection methods while acrosin activity was found to be higher in RR than in rr cockerels. Correlations between these various characteristics are given in detail. PMID- 6218548 TI - [Effect of the type of muscle fiber innervation on the acquisition of myofibrillar ATPase properties]. AB - We present some observations differing from the idea that neurons precisely control the differentiation of muscle fibre histochemical properties and show that, in a few cases, innervation does not influence the development of myofibrillar ATPase properties. Moreover, we report that a regional variation of the acid stability of myofibrillar ATPase may occur in the polar zone of intrafusal fibres in chick PLD muscle spindles, a zone devoid of innervation. This observation is related to a similar variation in the polar zone of rat intrafusal fibres (Kucera et al., 1978). New examples are presented supporting the conclusion that the differentiation of the properties of ATPase activity, and thus of fibre types, takes place, at least in some cases, independently of the type of innervation received. PMID- 6218549 TI - Muscle changes during reinnervation after repeated nerve injuries. AB - Localized freezings of adult rat sciatic nerve, repeated 2 to 5 times at monthly intervals, induced a series of profound changes in the gastrocnemius muscle. In particular, many type IIC fibres were observed one month after the last freezing. However, this muscle transformation was not stable. Our combined cytological, cytochemical and electrophysiological results provide evidence for multiple and polyneuronal innervation of these type IIC fibres. PMID- 6218550 TI - Synchronization of oestrus in ewes with Provera sponges/PMSG, prostaglandin F2 alpha or the prostaglandin analogue, ICI 80996, and fertility following natural mating or artificial insemination. AB - Following the synchronization of oestrus with different treatments during the breeding season, the fertility of naturally-mated ewes has been compared to that of ewes artificially inseminated with fresh semen. The following treatments were used: I. sponges impregnated with progestagen (50--60 mg of medroxyprogesterone acetate) left in situ for 14 days and an i.m. injection of 500 IU of PMSG at sponge withdrawal; II. injections of prostaglandin F2 alpha (dose: 15 mg/injection) at intervals varying from 9 to 14 days (see tables); III. injections of the prostaglandin F2 alpha analogue, ICI 80996 (dose: 100 micrograms/injection), with the same time intervals as in treatment II. Lambing rate and prolificacy after natural service at the induced oestrus was 55 and 140 p. 100, 32.5 and 153 p. 100 and 60 and 133 p. 100 for ewes receiving treatments I, II or III, respectively, compared to 62.5 and 120 p. 100 for the untreated controls. Double artificial insemination (AI) 48 and 58 h after the sponge/PMSG treatment resulted in a lambing rate of 25 p. 100 and a prolificacy of 133 p. 100. The lambing rate and prolificacy of ewes inseminated 58 and 68 h after the final injection of PGF2 alpha or ICI 80996 were 27.8 and 149 p. 100 and 45.5 and 165 p. 100, respectively. Single AI 55 h after sponge withdrawal gave a lambing rate of 37.8 p. 100. The lambing rate of ewes inseminated 56 h after the final ICI 80996 injection was higher (54.8 p. 100) than that of ewes inseminated at 60 h (37.5 p. 100) or 66 h (30.8 p. 100). However, two inseminations 56 and 66 h after the final ICI 80996 injection gave an even more elevated lambing rate (61.9 p. 100). These results demonstrate that ICI 80996 can successfully control oestrus in the ewe during the breeding season, thus offering an alternative to sponges/PMSG and that the fertility subsequent to both natural mating and AI is equivalent to that of the controls. PMID- 6218551 TI - Steroidogenesis in the gonads of rainbow trout fry (Salmo gairdneri) before and after the onset of gonadal sex differentiation. AB - Gonadal homogenates of rainbow trout from D(ay) 60, D100 and D200 after fertilization have been incubated in vitro in the presence of dehydroepiandrosterone-3H to demonstrate 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3 beta-HSD) and delta 5,4-isomerase activity, of pregnenolone-3H to assess the synthesis of "progestins" and of androstenedione-3H to determine oestrogen synthesis in the ovaries and the formation of androgens in the testes. Histologically indifferent gonads from D50 contained 3 beta-HSD, delta 5,4 isomerase and 17 alpha-hydroxylase, indicating a capacity to synthesize progestins. Ovaries from D100 possessed the same enzymes as D50 gonads; those from D200 had, in addition, 17 beta-HSD and aromatase, indicative of oestrogen synthesis. Unlike the D50 gonads, the D100 testes also contained 17 alpha, 20 desmolase and 11 beta-hydroxylase, showing a capacity to synthesize androgens. 17 beta-HSD was only demonstrated in D200 testes. The possible role of androgens and progestins in the regulation of gonadal sex differentiation in rainbow trout has been discussed. Ultrastructural and enzymecytochemical investigations have demonstrated stroma (Leydig) cells as sources of steroidogenesis in rainbow trout testis from D100 onwards. The appearance of big mitochondria with many tubular cristae in those cells synchronized with the appearance of 11 beta-hydroxylase activity. Obvious steroidogenic sites could not be demonstrated in younger gonads and developing ovaries. PMID- 6218552 TI - Familial spongiform encephalopathies. PMID- 6218553 TI - Demonstration of the phagocytic activity of chicken basophils in the reversed Arthus reaction using colloidal carbon. AB - Chicken basophils showed phagocytosis of carbon particles in reversed passive Arthus reaction, induced in the skin. Heterophils, monocytes and thrombocytes also contained carbon particles, but eosinophils revealed them only occasionally. The findings suggest that basophils may share phagocytic properties with other cells under immunological stimulus. PMID- 6218555 TI - [Normal values for lymphocytic reactivity to PHA, PPD and alloantigens in Chilean adults and children]. PMID- 6218554 TI - Evaluation of the effect of two aldehyde-based disinfectants on the infectivity of faecal cryptosporidia for mice. PMID- 6218557 TI - Moxalactam international symposium. London, England. May 7-8, 1981. PMID- 6218556 TI - [Adolescents, does their health need looking after? Review of adolescent health needs for the sake of health professionals]. PMID- 6218558 TI - Moxalactam: the first of a new class of beta-lactam antibiotics. AB - Moxalactam is the first member of a new class of beta-lactam antibiotics to be evaluated clinically. Although structurally related to cephalosporins, moxalactam has an oxygen atom where the cephalosporin nucleus has a sulfur atom. The substitution of oxygen for sulfur in moxalactam provides it with greater antibacterial activity than that of its cephalosporin analog. Moxalactam has three other structural elements that affect biologic activity: the methyltetrazolethio moiety, which maximizes in vitro activity; the 7-alpha methoxy substituent, which confers beta-lactamase stability; and the p hydroxyphenylmalonyl group, which positively influences not only beta-lactamase stability and the antibacterial spectrum of moxalactam, but also its pharmacokinetics, and leads to a long half-life without high serum binding. PMID- 6218559 TI - In vitro and in vivo antibacterial activity of moxalactam, an oxa-beta-lactam antibiotic. AB - Moxalactam, a new synthetic beta-lactam antibiotic, was evaluated for in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activity and was found to have a broad spectrum of activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Moxalactam showed more potent activity than did the cephalosporins tested against clinical gram-negative isolates, including cefazolin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae, glucose-nonfermenting bacteria, and Bacteroides fragilis. Moxalactam was the only beta-lactam antibiotic of those tested (including nine penicillins and 15 cephalosporins) that was not affected by beta-lactamase produced by 15 strains of 10 gram negative species. The potent in vitro activity and high stability to beta lactamase of moxalactam corresponded to lower ED50 (50% effective doses) required against intraperitoneal infections in mice due to various bacteria resistant to cefazolin, cefoxitin, or cefotiam. Furthermore, moxalactam showed the greatest therapeutic activity among the nine beta-lactam antibiotics tested in models of intraperitoneal mixed infection in mice with Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. PMID- 6218560 TI - In vitro activity of moxalactam against anaerobic bacteria. AB - Moxalactam was tested against 80 isolates of anaerobic bacteria from clinical specimens. The results of this study and a review of other studies, in which comparable susceptibility testing methods were used, demonstrated the susceptibility to moxalactam of members of the Bacteroides fragilis group, Bacteroides melaninogenicus, Fusobacterium species, anaerobic gram-positive cocci, and Clostridium perfringens. PMID- 6218561 TI - Susceptibility of moxalactam to beta-lactamase. AB - Moxalactam is not significantly susceptible to the majority of beta-lactamases produced by bacteria of clinical relevance. However, two types of enzyme--PSE2 and PSE3--from Pseudomonas aeruginosa can hydrolyze this antibiotic at a significant rate. In this respect moxalactam is similar to 7-alpha-methoxy cephem compounds, such as cefoxitin, which are also susceptible to these enzymes. Moxalactam, like other beta-lactam antibiotics having an acid function in the side chain, is a potent inhibitor of the cephalosporinase from Enterobacter cloacae (type Ia beta-lactamase). PMID- 6218562 TI - Absence of beta-lactamase-inducing effect of moxalactam. PMID- 6218563 TI - Moxalactam: an oxa-beta-lactam antibiotic that inactivates beta-lactamases. AB - Moxalactam, like cefoxitin, cefuroxime, and cefotaxime, shows little or no interaction with penicillinases. Resistance of moxalactam to cephalosporinases, however, appears to be considerably greater than that of these other recently discovered beta-lactam antibiotics. Moxalactam is a beta-lactamase inactivator and inactivates most of the cephalosporinases produced by gram-negative bacteria. The process of inactivation is specific and follows time-dependent or progressive kinetics, as is the case for a class of enzyme inhibitors called "suicide substrates." Moxalactam is the first beta-lactam antibiotic shown to possess this property of inactivation of beta-lactamases, a property that explains its excellent resistance to beta-lactamases. PMID- 6218564 TI - An evaluation of the toxicity of moxalactam in laboratory animals. AB - The toxicity of moxalactam in laboratory animals was evaluated with six species. The acute toxicity of moxalactam was lower than that of cefazolin. The subchronic and chronic toxicity of moxalactam was studied for periods of one to six months at dosages of 100-3,500 mg/kg per day in rats, 100-1,600 mg/kg per day in dogs, and 100-500 mg/kg per day in monkeys. Treatment-related effects were limited to soft stool, cecal dilatation, and slight anemia resulting from local injury at the injection site in the higher dosage groups. All the effects were reversible and less severe than those caused by cefazolin. Studies of reproduction in rats, mice, and rabbits indicated that moxalactam had no teratogenicity and no adverse effects on fertility of parental animals and on gestation or growth and reproductive capacity of offspring. Comparative studies of nephrotoxiticity in rabbits demonstrated that moxalactam was considerably less nephrotoxic than cefazolin, cefotiam, and cefotaxime. PMID- 6218565 TI - Effects of moxalactam on blood coagulation and platelet function. AB - Bleeding complications have occasionally been reported in clinical trials of moxalactam therapy for debilitated and/or malnourished patients. Complications that occur secondary to hypothrombinemia are readily corrected by administration of 5-10 mg of vitamin K. In a few instances, the bleeding complications occurred secondary to suppression of platelet function. The present studies aim at clarifying the mechanisms by which bleeding problems attributable to moxalactam and other beta-lactam antibiotics occur. Moxalactam in vitro did not inhibit blood coagulation or platelet aggregation at concentrations of 700 micrograms of moxalactam/ml. When administered to five normal male volunteers at a dosage of 3 g of moxalactam four times daily for seven days, the antibiotic did not affect the levels of vitamin K-dependent clotting factors II, VII, IX, and X or vitamin K-independent clotting factors V, VIII, and I. Consistently normal levels of the abnormal prothrombin precursor descarboxyprothrombin, as determined by immunochemical and functional assays, showed that moxalactam did not possess warfarin-like properties. Moxalactam induced a significant suppression of adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-induced platelet aggregation. It appears that moxalactam inhibits ADP-induced platelet aggregation in vivo by perturbing the platelet membrane, thus making ADP receptors unavailable to the agonist. Of 33 additional beta-lactam antibiotics tested, 27 were found to suppress ADP-induced aggregation at high concentrations in vitro. It is concluded that moxalactam, as well as many newer and older broad-spectrum antibiotics, causes bleeding complications in debilitated patients by elimination of vitamin K-producing gut microorganisms. However, the clinical implications of the observed suppression of platelet function by many beta-lactam antibiotics are unclear. PMID- 6218566 TI - Ethanol-moxalactam interactions in vivo. AB - Adverse reactions similar to disulfiram reactions observed in volunteers given moxalactam prompted an investigation to determine whether moxalactam, like disulfiram, leads to an accumulation of acetaldehyde during ethanol metabolism. Concentrations of ethanol and acetaldehyde in blood of male Wistar rats given test compounds and ethanol were determined by gas chromatography. Moxalactam, like disulfiram, had no effect on concentrations of ethanol but increased the concentrations of acetaldehyde. However, the effect after treatment with moxalactam was less than after treatment with disulfiram. The interval between pretreatment with moxalactam and administration of ethanol that gave the maximal effect ranged from 3 to 24 hr. When ethanol was given before or at the same time as moxalactam, no effect was observed. Cefamandole and cefoperazone, which, like moxalactam, have a methyltetrazolethiol side chain, increased concentrations of acetaldehyde, but penicillin G, carbenicillin, cephalothin, cephradine, cefoxitin, cefazolin, and cefotaxime had no effect. For prevention of a disulfiram-like reaction, physicians should caution patients to avoid alcoholic beverages for several days after treatment with moxalactam, cefamandole, or cefoperazone. PMID- 6218567 TI - Activity, stability, and pharmacology of the epimers of moxalactam. AB - By an agar-dilution procedure, the minimal inhibitory concentrations of R, S, and R + S epimers of moxalactam were determined for 23 commonly isolated organisms. Generally the R epimer was twice as active as the S epimer; however, against Pseudomonas aeruginosa the two were equally active. The stability of the epimers and of the R + S mixture in saline and serum was studied by high-pressure liquid chromatography. Each epimer was stable at -20 C. The interconversion half-life in serum at 37 C, 22 C, and 4 C was 1.5, 4.8, and 13 hr, respectively, for R and 1.5, 11, and 43 hr for S. In buffer both epimers were more stable. In buffered saline the final mixture of R:S was 50:50, if one started with either the R or the S epimer. In serum, however, the R:S ratio of the mixture at equilibrium was 45:55. In patients with normal renal function the ratio of R:S in serum at 2 hr was 0.69 and at 8 hr, 0.55. In patients with severe renal failure the R:S ratio at 2 hr was approximately 0.9 and at 6 hr, 0.85. Probably, in renal failure, time is sufficient for re-equilibration of the epimeric mixture, and hence there is little alteration in the R:S ratio with time. PMID- 6218568 TI - Moxalactam--absorption, excretion, distribution, and metabolism. AB - Levels of moxalactam in serum of healthy volunteers after single intramuscular injection, slow bolus intravenous injection, or intravenous infusion were proportional to the dose given. After intravenous bolus injection of 1 g of moxalactam, the peak serum level was 201.0 micrograms/ml, the half-life (beta phase) was 126 min, and the cumulative urinary excretion during a 10-hr period was 90.5% of the dose. The values for cefazolin in the same volunteers were similar to those for moxalactam. No accumulation of the drug in serum was found even after multiple intravenous injections of 1 g every 12 hr for five days. Probenecid administered orally did not significantly affect levels of moxalactam in serum or urinary recovery, an observation which suggests that renal excretion of moxalactam takes place mainly through glomerular filtration. The serum half life (beta-phase) of moxalactam in subjects with a creatinine clearance rate of less than or equal to 10 ml/min was markedly prolonged. Concentrations of moxalactam in bile were higher than those of cefazolin in a crossover study. Concentrations in sputum were 1.84-2.11 micrograms/ml in individuals given 1 g by intravenous slow bolus injection. No active metabolite of moxalactam was detected in plasma or urine. PMID- 6218569 TI - Pharmacokinetics of moxalactam in neonates and young infants. PMID- 6218570 TI - Pharmacology and cerebrospinal fluid penetration of moxalactam in children and dosage recommendations. AB - The pharmacokinetics and penetration into cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of moxalactam were evaluated in 20 children with bacterial meningitis. After moxalactam was given iv as a loading dose of 100 mg/kg followed by two doses of 50 mg/kg every 6 hr, the mean serum concentrations were 205 micrograms/ml at the end of the last infusion and 11 micrograms/ml at 6 hr. The beta elimination half-life was 3.6 hr for children younger than nine months of age and 1.7 hr for children older than nine months of age. The mean CSF concentration of moxalactam was 3.8 micrograms/ml (range, 0.9-22.6 micrograms/ml). The mean concentration of moxalactam in CSF was 19.1% (range, 3.1%-97%) that in serum. Bactericidal titers were at least 1:32 in 12 CSF specimens. Concentrations of moxalactam in CSF correlated significantly (P less than 0.001) with concentrations of protein in CSF. Concentrations of moxalactam in CSF were greatly in excess of minimal inhibitory/bactericidal concentrations for Haemophilus influenzae type b. Dosages of moxalactam for the treatment of systemic infections due to H. influenzae type b in children are proposed. PMID- 6218571 TI - The pharmacologic basis for moxalactam therapy for gram-negative enteric bacillary meningitis of infancy. PMID- 6218572 TI - Moxalactam therapy for gram-negative bacillary meningitis. AB - Twenty patients with gram-negative bacillary meningitis (19 episodes caused by enteric bacilli and one by Pseudomonas aeruginosa) were treated with moxalactam given intravenously. Seventeen patients responded well clinically and bacteriologically without known relapse. Fourteen of 18 isolates from cerebrospinal fluid were susceptible to less than or equal to 0.5 micrograms of moxalactam/ml. Cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of moxalactam in four patients were 2.4-16 micrograms/ml. This accumulated experience indicates that moxalactam has been effective in the treatment of patients with meningitis due to highly susceptible enteric gram-negative bacilli. However, it cannot be recommended as single-drug therapy for meningitis due to P. aeruginosa or Acinetobacter. PMID- 6218573 TI - Distribution of moxalactam in serum, bone, tissue fluid, and peritoneal fluid. AB - Concentration-vs.-time curves in serum, peritoneal fluid, bone, and tissue fluid were determined after 2-g intravenous doses of moxalactam. Serum concentrations were measured in five volunteers (group 1; mean age, 22.8 years). Serum and peritoneal fluid concentrations were measured in eight patients (group 2; mean age, 66.5 years). Serum, bone, and tissue fluid concentrations were measured in eight patients (group 3; mean age, 71.5 years). The serum concentrations fitted an open two-compartment model. In groups 1, 2, and 3, the respective serum beta phase half lives were 134, 169, and 184 min. In group 2, the peak concentration in peritoneal fluid was 43.8 mg/liter after 2.02 hr, with one-quarter of this concentration being maintained for 13 hr. In group 3, the bone concentrations were 19.4 mg/liter after 60 min and 19.1 mg/liter after 120 min; the peak concentration in tissue fluid was 36.1 mg/liter after 2.4 hr, with one-quarter of this concentration being maintained for 15 hr. These concentrations in tissues will inhibit most aerobic and anaerobic bacteria that cause infections. PMID- 6218574 TI - Moxalactam therapy for bacterial pneumonia. AB - Therapy with moxalactam was evaluated in 71 patients with bacterial pneumonia. Ninety-two percent of patients with pneumonia due to gram-positive cocci, anaerobes, or Haemophilus influenzae were cured. One patient developed probable pneumococcal meningitis during treatment of sputum culture-positive pneumococcal pneumonia. Six of 10 patients with pneumonia due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa or Enterobacteriaceae were cured also. However, two of these patients became colonized with moxalactam-resistant organisms, which were of the same species as the organism that caused the original infection. Two of the four patients in whom treatment failed were infected with P. aeruginosa and then developed superinfection with moxalactam-resistant Pseudomonas. Phlebitis and pain on intramuscular injection were the most common adverse effects observed. The results of this study, demonstrate that moxalactam may constitute effective therapy for bacterial pneumonia, but the development of resistance during therapy may limit its usefulness against Pseudomonas infections. PMID- 6218575 TI - Clinical evaluation of moxalactam in the treatment of respiratory tract infections, hepatobiliary infections, and septicemia. AB - A total of 489 patients with a variety of infections was treated with moxalactam in Japan. The drug usually was administered by drip infusion in doses of 2-4 g per day for seven to 14 days. The clinical response was satisfactory in 277 (77.4%) of 358 patients with respiratory tract infections, 95 (84.8%) of 112 with hepatobiliary infections, and 15 (78.9%) of 19 with septicemia (including 2 with meningitis). Overall, moxalactam was effective in 387 (79.1%) of all patients treated. Of the pathogenic organisms isolated, 87.9% of the gram-positive cocci and 82.1% of the gram-negative bacilli were eradicated. Ninety-two of 156 patients who failed to respond to previous antibiotic therapy showed a satisfactory response to moxalactam. Adverse effects--mainly rash and fever- occurred in only 3.3%, and abnormal results of laboratory tests--mainly elevation of hepatic enzyme levels and eosinophilia--occurred in 5.7% of all patients treated. PMID- 6218576 TI - Moxalactam in serious infections: clinical, bacteriologic, and pharmacokinetic studies. AB - Moxalactam was evaluated in vitro against 600 nosocomial isolates of gram negative bacteria and was compared with cephalothin, cefoxitin, and cefotaxime. Moxalactam was superior to the other compounds, with minimal inhibitory concentrations of less than or equal to 4 micrograms/ml for 95% of the Enterobacteriaceae isolates and less than or equal to 8 micrograms/ml for 85% of the Bacteroides fragilis isolates; 70% of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates were inhibited with less than or equal to 16 micrograms/ml. Moxalactam at doses ranging from 1 g every 12 hr to 2 g every 8 hr was given to patients with serious infections of the respiratory (14) or urinary (13) tract, abdominal abscess (4), osteomyelitis (4), meningitis (5), soft-tissue phlegmon (3), malignant external otitis (2), peritonitis (1), and panophthalmitis (1). The clinical response was excellent in 35 (74.5%) and improved in 12 (25.5%) of the 47 patients. The pathogen was eradicated in 29 (61.7%) patients, two patients had relapses, and bacteria persisted but in decreased numbers and without development of resistance in 16 patients. The half-life of moxalactam was 146 (+/- 21) and 125 (+/- 34) min after 2-g intravenous and 1-g intramuscular doses, respectively. Kinetic studies in sputum, bile, bone, aqueous humor, prostatic fluid, and cerebrospinal fluid showed moxalactam concentrations several times higher than the required MICs. No appreciable adverse effects or toxicity were observed. PMID- 6218577 TI - Moxalactam therapy vs. standard antimicrobial therapy for selected serious infections. AB - Moxalactam was studied in a prospective randomized clinical trial in 97 hospitalized patients suspected of having infection caused by moxalactam susceptible bacteria. Seventy-eight of the 97 patients had clinical and/or bacteriologic evidence of infection, including pneumonia, cellulitis, urinary tract infection, bacteremia, and fever in neutropenic patients. Patients in the control group received antibiotics deemed appropriate by the attending physicians, whereas the moxalactam-treated group received only the study drug. Successful treatment was defined as the resolution of illness sufficient to allow discontinuation of parenteral antibiotic therapy. No significant difference was seen in efficacy with 33 (86.8%) of 38 patients in the moxalactam-treated group and 32 (80%) of 40 in the control group treated successfully (P greater than 0.20). The mean number of febrile days was significantly less in the moxalactam treated group than in the control group (P less than 0.05). Renal toxicity occurred more frequently in the control group (P = 0.036). Fungal superinfection developed in two patients in the control group and in one in the moxalactam treated group. An enterococcal superinfection of the bloodstream developed in one patient treated with moxalactam. Thus moxalactam appears to be comparable in efficacy to combinations of antibiotics in the treatment of selected seriously ill patients and may have less renal toxicity. PMID- 6218578 TI - Moxalactam for treatment of nosocomial infections. AB - Sixty-five episodes of nosocomial infections of the blood, lungs, urinary tract, soft tissues, bones, or central nervous system were treated with intravenous moxalactam (3-12 g per day). Bacteremia was documented in 21 patients. Despite the severely compromised condition of many patients, 80% of the infections responded satisfactorily, as defined by clinical and microbiologic cure or improvement. Of the 21 cases of nosocomial bacteremia, 14 (67%) responded satisfactorily. Of the six cases of bacteremia caused by gram-negative bacilli resistant to aminoglycosides, three responded satisfactorily. Moxalactam therapy also resulted in cure or improvement in nine (69%) of 13 pulmonary infections, and it was used alone to cure one case of meningitis-ventriculitis due to Klebsiella pneumoniae. Seven of 13 therapeutic failures involved Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and moxalactam-resistant P. aeruginosa emerged during therapy for 12 patients. Adverse effects, usually mild diarrhea, occurred in 9.2% of the patients. Except for some severe infections due to P. aeruginosa, moxalactam is effective and safe therapy for nosocomial infections caused by susceptible organisms. PMID- 6218579 TI - Absorption, excretion, and clinical efficacy of moxalactam in pediatric patients. AB - Absorption and excretion of moxalactam were studied in 58 children between two and 14 years of age. Mean serum levels reached peaks of 96.6 and 76.0 micrograms/ml 15 min after intravenous injection of 20 and 10 mg of moxalactam/kg, respectively. The respective serum half lives were 103 and 83 min. Mean serum levels after intravenous drip infusion over a 1-hr interval reached peaks of 71.4 and 39.8 micrograms/ml at the end of the infusion of 20 and 10 mg/kg, respectively. The respective serum half lives were 103 and 94 min. Mean cumulative urinary recovery of the administered dose for the 6-hr interval after intravenous injection or drip infusion was approximately 73%. Among the patients from whom pathogens were isolated, satisfactory clinical response was obtained in 11 (92%) of 12 patients with meningitis, 4 (80%) of 5 patients with septicemia, all 9 patients with bronchitis, 32 (91.4%) of 35 patients with pneumonia, 33 (91.6%) of 36 patients with urinary tract infections, and all 8 patients with lymphadenitis or skin and soft-tissue infections. In all of the nine patients with meningitis for whom levels of the drug in cerebrospinal fluid were determined, levels of moxalactam were much higher than the minimal inhibitory concentrations for the pathogens, and these levels were associated with prompt clinical and bacteriologic responses. Adverse reactions were noted in only four of 279 treated patients. PMID- 6218580 TI - Efficacy of moxalactam in an animal model of subcutaneous abscesses: penetration into infected sites and in vivo activity against Bacteroides fragilis. AB - Moxalactam was compared with alternative antimicrobial agents for in vivo activity against Bacteroides fragilis. Mice were challenged with one of 15 strains and evaluated by quantitative bacteriologic analysis of abscess contents after five days of treatment. Optimal results were achieved with clindamycin, moxalactam, and cefoxitin. The mean decrease in bacteria with these three drugs was significantly greater than with chloramphenicol, cefotaxime, carbenicillin, cephalothin, ampicillin, and cefoperazone. The penetration of antimicrobial agents into subcutaneous abscesses was examined. The mean peak level in sterile abscesses of moxalactam was 27% of the mean peak serum level, a result indicating relatively good penetration compared with other beta-lactam antimicrobial agents. Stability of moxalactam to the beta-lactamase of B. fragilis was demonstrated in vivo by comparing levels of biologically active drug in sterile and infected abscesses and in vitro by comparing levels of antibiotic incubated in sterile exudate and exudate infected with B. fragilis. Moxalactam compares favorably with clindamycin and cefoxitin in activity against B. fragilis. PMID- 6218581 TI - Treatment of intraabdominal infection with moxalactam. AB - Forty-eight case report forms for patients with cultures positive for intraabdominal infection treated with moxalactam were reviewed. The infections included abscess or peritonitis due to appendicitis (26); intraabdominal abscess of other causes (7); peritonitis due to bowel perforation (6), bowel infarction (5), or salpingitis (3); and gangrenous cholecystitis (1). Cultures of peritoneal fluid or abscess contents were performed for all patients. Seventy-eight aerobes and 118 anaerobes were isolated from the 48 patients. Thirty-eight patients (79.2%) were cured, therapy failed in nine (18.8%), and one (2%) developed fatal superinfection with Candida. The nine patients for whom treatment failed had a higher frequency of resistant anaerobes in their initial cultures (59%) than did the patients who were cured (29%; P = 0.036). An enterococcal isolate appeared to play a role in at least one treatment failure. There were no serious adverse reactions; eosinophilia (greater than 500 eosinophils/mm3) occurred in 17.4% of the patients, and phlebitis at the intravenous administration site occurred in one patient. Thus moxalactam shows promise as a single agent for the treatment of intraabdominal infections. PMID- 6218582 TI - Moxalactam in the treatment of intraabdominal sepsis and other surgical infections. AB - Bacterial peritonitis, intraabdominal sepsis, and other surgical infections are frequently polymicrobial. Moxalactam, a new beta-lactam antibiotic, has been shown to be active in vitro against most bacterial pathogens commonly isolated from patients with surgical infections. This drug was therefore tested as the sole antimicrobial agent in the treatment of 32 surgical infections (25 cases of intraabdominal sepsis, 6 cases of wound infections, and 1 case of bacteremia). Nearly all (91%) of the infections responded favorably; 66% were cured with moxalactam plus surgery, 16% were cured with moxalactam alone, and 9% improved. Moxalactam-resistant strains of bacteria were isolated from 18 infections but were associated with therapeutic failure in only two cases and with superinfection in three cases. On the basis of these data, we believe that moxalactam is an effective and safe antimicrobial agent for use alone in the treatment of serious intraabdominal infections. PMID- 6218583 TI - Comparison of moxalactam with the combination of clindamycin and an aminoglycoside in the treatment of common surgical infections. AB - The efficacy and safety of moxalactam were compared with those of a combination of clindamycin and an aminoglycoside in a randomized study of therapy for 60 patients with the following surgical infections: intraabdominal or pelvic infections (12 patients), abscesses (13 patients), and severe infections of extremities (35 patients). These infections were equally distributed between the two treatment groups, except that, according to the randomization process, a majority of patients with intraabdominal infections received moxalactam therapy. Surgery was used as adjunctive therapy when necessary. One adverse reaction- fever and leukocytosis with eosinophilia--was due to continued administration of moxalactam. No significant adverse reaction was observed in the patients treated with the clindamycin-aminoglycoside combination. Although the number of isolated organisms resistant to the antibiotics was similar within each treatment regimen, an alarmingly high percentage of gram-positive cocci were intermediately sensitive to moxalactam in vitro. Even in the presence of resistant organisms, moxalactam therapy was as effective as the clindamycin-aminoglycoside therapy when surgical debridement or drainage was properly timed and executed. PMID- 6218584 TI - Pharmacokinetics and clinical efficacy of moxalactam in biliary tract infections. AB - Moxalactam exhibited excellent in vitro activity against all pathogens commonly associated with biliary tract infections. The drug retained bactericidal activity against all of these organisms, with the possible exception of Klebsiella pneumoniae, even in the presence of bile. Pharmacokinetic studies revealed high concentrations of moxalactam in the bile after intravenous administration. Twenty seven of 28 patients with severe, complicated biliary tract infections responded favorably to the administration of moxalactam. PMID- 6218585 TI - Clinical studies of moxalactam in complicated urinary tract infections. AB - Moxalactam in a daily dose of 0.5-2 g was administered for five days to 276 patients with complicated urinary tract infections. A satisfactory clinical response was obtained in 71% of the patients. All patients responded well except for those with infections caused by Streptococcus faecalis and Pseudomonas species, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Adverse reactions were observed in six patients (2.2%), but no adverse reaction required discontinuation of treatment. Abnormal results in clinical laboratory tests were found in four patients. Thus, it appears that moxalactam is a reliable and useful antibiotic for the treatment of complicated urinary tract infections. PMID- 6218586 TI - Moxalactam for treatment of pelvic infections after cesarean delivery. AB - Moxalactam was given to 136 women for treatment of uterine infections after cesarean delivery. After an intravenous loading dose of 2 g, 36 women received 3 g daily and 100 were given 6 g daily. The clinical success rates of these two regimens were 86% and 89%, respectively; however, in four of five women for whom treatment with the 3-g daily dose failed, extensive surgery was necessary for cure. A total of 395 pathogens was isolated from these women with polymicrobial infections, and almost 90% were susceptible to moxalactam at less than or equal to 32 micrograms/ml. Adverse effects of therapy were minimal. Thus, moxalactam given initially as a dosage of 6 g daily is effective for treatment of women with pelvic infections after cesarean delivery. PMID- 6218587 TI - Moxalactam therapy for obstetric and gynecologic infections. AB - Moxalactam, a new cephalosporin antibiotic with a broad spectrum of activity, was evaluated for safety and therapeutic efficacy in the treatment of genital tract infections in women. Fifty-three patients with postpartum endometritis or acute or chronic pelvic inflammatory disease were treated with 2 g of moxalactam iv every 8 hr, usually for five days or longer. Appropriate cultures of peripheral blood, endometrium, cul-de-sac aspirates, urine, wound, and endocervix (only for Neisseria gonorrhoeae) were performed. Overall, 90.6% (48 of 53) of the patients were successfully treated with moxalactam--86.2% (25 of 29) and 95.8% (23 of 24) of the patients with endometritis and pelvic inflammatory disease, respectively. Therapy failed in one of five bacteremic patients with endometritis. Of all the bacteria isolated from appropriate culture sites, 58% (224 of 383) were anaerobes, with anaerobic gram-negative rods--particularly Bacteroides bivius-and gram-positive cocci being predominant. Of 206 anaerobic strains tested with moxalactam by agar dilution techniques, 82% (169 of 206) were susceptible (minimal inhibitory concentration [MIC], less than or equal to 8 micrograms/ml), 11.6% (24 of 206) were moderately susceptible (MIC, 16-32 micrograms/ml), and 6.3% (13 of 206) were resistant (MIC, greater than or equal to 64 micrograms/ml). Among the aerobic isolates, enterococci were uniformly resistant. Thus, moxalactam performed well as a single agent in this open clinical trial for women with infections of the genital tract. PMID- 6218588 TI - Enterococcal infections in patients treated with moxalactam. AB - Moxalactam and the third-generation cephalosporins are ineffective against enterococci in vitro. Therefore, the case reports of 2,107 patients treated with moxalactam for a variety of infections were reviewed for determination of the incidence of superinfection with enterococci. This complication occurred in 2.1% of the cases, most frequently in patients with urinary tract infections and urinary catheters. Seven patients developed enterococcal bacteremia during moxalactam therapy. It was not demonstrated that the presence of enterococci in initial cultures was associated with adverse therapeutic results in patients with skin, soft tissue, intraabdominal, and gynecologic infections. PMID- 6218589 TI - Moxalactam: clinical summary of efficacy and safety. AB - The efficacy and safety of moxalactam disodium were studied by 173 investigators in the United States. Of 3,558 adult and pediatric patients who were treated for various infections, 2,234 met all protocol requirements for evaluation of efficacy of treatment. Effectiveness of moxalactam therapy was defined by a satisfactory bacteriologic response. The pooled data revealed that satisfactory responses were obtained in 80% of urinary tract infections, 91% of intraabdominal infections, 91% of obstetric and gynecologic infections, 92% of lower respiratory tract infections, 92% of skin and skin-structure infections, 90% of bone and joint infections, and 94% of bacteremic infections. The overall rate of efficacy of moxalactam therapy was 89%. The incidence of adverse reactions was low. Hypersensitivity occurred in 2.9% of the 3,558 patients, and gastrointestinal adverse effects, in 2.1%. No renal or hepatic toxicity was related to moxalactam therapy. Hypoprothrombinemia occurred in 25 patients, with clinically apparent bleeding in three. Alcohol intolerance was observed in four patients. PMID- 6218590 TI - Ten years before "M*A*S*H". PMID- 6218591 TI - The pathogenesis of glomerulonephritis (problems and recent understanding). AB - Progress has been made in understanding glomerulonephritis but the answers to many key questions still elude us. It appears that glomerular damage arises from immune events which result from an interaction between a susceptible individual and some environmental agents, usually an infection. In the developed world the role of the genetic constitution is predominant, whilst in the Third World the overwhelming exposure to pathogens may be crucial. Immune complex formation undoubtedly plays a major role in the initiation of glomerular injury, but deposition of soluble preformed complexes within the glomerulus now seems to be only one mechanism, in situ combination of fixed antigen and free antibody, and insoluble (precipitating) complexes both playing a part as well. New understanding of modes of damage to the glomerulus strongly implicates monocytes as injurious agents in both experimental and human nephritis, and platelets may also play a role in amplifying injury. One of the main questions is why only some forms of glomerulonephritis in only some patients progress to renal failure. Whilst continuing exposure to the antigen initiating the nephritis may be important, secondary mechanisms involving autologous antigens may be important. Further, non-immunologic mechanisms which arise from hyperperfusion of glomerular capillaries appear capable of damaging the glomerulus, and both this mechanism and proteinuria itself appear capable of inducing glomerulosclerosis. The role these non-immunologic mechanisms play may be the reason for our failure, in general, to influence the course of glomerulonephritis by manoeuvres designed to inhibit immunologic injury. PMID- 6218592 TI - T lymphocyte subsets and colony growth in hairy-cell leukemia. AB - The distribution of T cell subsets and the T colony-forming capacity were assessed in 22 patients with hairy-cell leukemia. An overall increase in the proportion of T gamma cells (31 +/- 15%) and a decrease in Tmu cells (38 +/- 11%) were observed if compared with normal controls (16 +/- 6% for T gamma and 51 +/- 13% for Tmu). In half of the patients, however, these values were normal. T gamma cells were highest in the splenectomized patients and in the 15 non splenectomized patients T gamma cells were higher in those with active disease. Patients with stable disease or in remission had values close to normal. The T colony-forming capacity of unseparated and enriched T lymphocytes was normal regardless of the T cell subset distribution and clinical stage of the disease. These findings suggest that in HCL, unlike B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia, the imbalance in Tmu/T gamma ratio does not result in an impairment of the in vitro T colony-forming capacity. PMID- 6218593 TI - A study of gastric kinetics (comparison between different isotope carriers). AB - From the various investigations of gastric emptying described in the literature, radionuclide labelling of meals appears to provide the most suitable technique. The emptying patterns of different 99mTc-DTPA carriers were studied in healthy volunteers, compared with patterns found after ingestion of a fried egg incorporating 99mTc-serum albumin. The results are described and discussed. They seen to suggest that there are different modalities of gastric emptying when different meals and markers are used. PMID- 6218594 TI - [Surgical treatment of valvular disease with extreme cardiomegaly]. PMID- 6218595 TI - [Evaluation of new surgical methods for coarctation complex in infants- application of balloon angioplasty]. PMID- 6218596 TI - [Dental services for lepers]. PMID- 6218597 TI - The relationship between systemic lupus erythematosus and tuberculosis. AB - Investigation of 280 cases of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) admitted during 15 consecutive years to the "N. Gh. Lupu" Institute of Internal Medicine, Bucharest, revealed association of this disease with tuberculosis (tb) in 51 cases (19%). In most of these patients, tb onset preceded that of SLE; in the others it was either concomitant or it occurred later, in the course of SLE evolution. It is assumed that tb is favouring SLE development, probably by antigenic oversollicitation in patients with genetic immune deficiencies. When it occurs in the late stages of SLE, association of tb is of severe prognosis. PMID- 6218598 TI - [Iliolumbar syndrome. A syndesmoperiostitis of the iliac crest. Clinical, radiologic and therapeutic summary. Diagnosis with lumbar sciatica. 440 cases]. AB - The authors studied the files of 440 patients with low back pain over a period of 8 years. The constant absence of signs of lumbar sciatica led them to study the aetiology of such a pain. Pain in the ilio-lumbar ligament is due to the development of a syndesmo-periostitis (syndesmos = ligament) from the ligamentis continual traction on the postero-medial iliac crest. This is a discrete clinical entity described by the term "ilio-lumbar syndrome". PMID- 6218600 TI - Modified gauge for time-resolved skin-friction measurements. PMID- 6218599 TI - [Scintigraphic study of reflex algodystrophy]. AB - Isotope investigation of reflex sympathetic dystrophy is not limited to an evaluation of bony up-take, it also includes examination of the early dynamic scintigraphy of the vessels. The late views of bone scans reflect, above all, the bone's affinity for phosphate complexes i.e. the degree of osteoblast activity. Generally, dystrophies, independent of their site, show increased locoregional uptake, often quite intense, which appears early in the course of the disease. This supports histopathological findings. There are several advantages in using the bone scan in the investigation of reflex dystrophy: early diagnosis before the development of radiological signs, precise evaluation of the local extension of the dystrophic process and detection of the incidence of multifocal forms, follow-up of the course of the disease, definition of new clinical forms: patchy algodystrophy partial, decalcifying dystrophy, sub-radiological dystrophy, the aetiology in certain sites (especially the hip). Early dynamic scans that dystrophy is accompanied by an increase in the vascular compartment and decreased circulatory flow, a sign of the local stage of the disease. There is also an increase of the interstitial compartment, greater than that of the vascular compartment, explaining the presence of edema. The pathophysiological information gained from dynamic studies is matched by the therapeutic information: evaluation, or even prediction, of the effect of a given drug (cortisone, calcitonin). PMID- 6218601 TI - Catabolism of haemoglobin-haptoglobin complexes in haemolytic uraemia-like syndromes of different etiologies. AB - The catabolism of haemoglobin-haptoglobin complexes was studied in four patients with increased vascular haemolysis as part of acute or subacute haemolytic uraemic syndromes. The apparent volumic substance elimination rates for haemoglobin (Fe) bound to haptoglobin in plasma were 1.1 mumol/h/l and 2.9 mumol/h/l in two patients suffering from sublimate and hydrochloric acid poisoning, respectively. This is estimated to correspond to a normal catabolism, when the increased haptoglobin synthesis is taken into account. In the other two patients suffering from serum-sickness there was reduced clearance and thereby an accumulation of haemoglobin-haptoglobin complexes in plasma during penicillin administration. When the offending drug was withdrawn the plasma concentration of haemoglobin bound to haptoglobin remained high for about three days and then fell rapidly (approximately with 3.8 mumol/l/h and 1.9 mumol/l/h). Thus, also in these patients the clearance capacity could be normalized after discontinuation of the drug. PMID- 6218602 TI - Determination of hyaluronic acid, dermatan sulphate, heparan sulphate and chondroitin 4/6 sulphate in human dermis, and a material of reference. AB - Using a new method based on electrophoresis and enzymatic digestion with chondroitinase AC small skin biopsies of 15 healthy individuals were assayed for qualitative and quantitative content of glycosaminoglycans. The content of collagen was measured as hydroxyproline. The following results were obtained: (1) The mean substance content and standard deviation of hyaluronic acid, dermatan sulphate, heparan sulphate chondroitin 4 or 6 sulphate and hydroxyproline in dried defatted tissue is presented. (2) There is a negative correlation with age for hyaluronic acid and no correlation with age for any of the other glycosaminoglycans or the hydroxyproline. (3) The sex has no major influence on any of the quantities measured. (4) The observed substance content of water in wet tissue is presented. PMID- 6218603 TI - Restorative resins: hardness and strength vs. quantity of remaining double bonds. AB - It has been hypothesized that the Wallace indentation hardness of smooth surface resins is a factor of prime importance for the abrasion by food of Class 1 restorations. In the present work factors affecting the hardness of polymers were investigated. In addition the tensile strength of composite resins was measured and related to the catalytic system of the polymer. It was found that for a given composition of the monomer the Wallace hardness number increased with increasing content of inhibitor, decreased with increasing content of peroxide, and was unaffected by changes in the content of amine. The hardness was well correlated with the quantity of double bonds remaining in the polymer. BISGMA-based polymers showed no variation in hardness when the originating monomer varied with respect to content of a bi- or a trifunctional diluting monomer. Light-polymerized polymers were relatively hard as compared to chemically cured materials of adequate setting time. The tensile strength of composite resins was predominantly determined by the monomer content of peroxide and increased herewith. The tensile strength was well correlated with the quantity of remaining double bonds in the constituting polymer. PMID- 6218604 TI - Factors affecting the quantity of remaining double bonds in restorative resin polymers. AB - The quantity of remaining unreacted double bonds may be a significant factor pertaining to the mechanical, physical and chemical properties of restorative resins. The said quantity was determined from the transmission IR-spectrum of the materials before and after polymerization. For proprietary resins the quantity of remaining double bonds was found to vary between 23 and 43%. For experimental, chemically cured resins the quantity in question was found to decrease with increasing resin content of amine and peroxide, and to increase with the content of inhibitor. The content of peroxide was the more influential of the three factors. For constant content of amine, peroxide, and inhibitor the number of remaining double bonds decreased with increasing content of diluting monomer in BISGMA-based monomer mixtures. The use of a trifunctional monomer as diluting monomer did not give rise to a higher degree of conversion of the double bonds in comparison to a bifunctional diluting monomer. The quantity of remaining double bonds of a light curing material was relatively small when compared to the quantity present in chemically cured materials of adequate setting time. PMID- 6218605 TI - The membrane phenotype of T-prolymphocytic leukaemia. AB - Cells from 13 cases of T-prolymphocytic leukaemia (T-PLL) were studied with a battery of immunological techniques in order to define their membrane phenotype. All cases were E-rosette positive and were negative with OKT6, anti-HLA-DR, anti Ig and M-rosettes; in 3, 20-30% of the cells had receptors for C3b. 7 cases had predominantly a 'helper/inducer' T-subset phenotype, (OKT4+, OKT8-) and 4 had a 'suppressor/cytotoxic' phenotype (OKT8+, OKT4-). Cells in 2 cases coexpressed OKT4 and OKT8 in 48% and 95% of prolymphocytes and in another, both OKT4 and OKT8 were negative. Terminal transferase (TdT) was negative by IF in all the cases, but a low positive level was detected biochemically in one. Although T-PLL appears to be heterogenous in respect of membrane phenotype, the observation of unexpected features in 8 of the cases raises the possibility that it may originate in a cell of intermediate maturation between late thymocytes and mature T-lymphocytes. These features plus the clinical manifestation of the disease - typical morphology, splenomegaly, lymphadenopathy, skin lesions, high WBC and aggressive clinical course - help define T-PLL as a distinct clinicopathological entity. PMID- 6218606 TI - Effect of increased and reduced tension on the mechanical properties of healing wound in the abdominal wall. AB - Using rabbits as experimental animals, the changes of the mechanical characteristics in different areas of healing abdominal wall wounds were investigated. Wounds closed under 'hyper-tension' and under 'reduced tension' were investigated, as well as wounds closed with Prolene and steel sutures (elastically yielding or immobilizing, respectively). The mechanical testing was performed after healing periods of varying length up to 4 weeks, and the following four parameters were measured: the breaking strength, the energy absorption, the maximum strain, and the elastic stiffness. The investigation showed that strong tension as well as immobilization of the edges of the wound cause a functionally weaker abdominal wall wound. The possible clinical importance of the results is discussed. PMID- 6218607 TI - Survival experience of semi-skilled disability pensioners in Denmark. AB - The purpose of this study was to estimate the survival prognosis of semi-skilled disability pensioners. The survival experience of 1353 invalid male members of the Danish Semiskilled Workers Union (SID) awarded disability pensions in 1975 was compared with a control group of members of the same union, matched geographically and by age. The two groups were followed until Nov. 30, 1978. For the follow-up period as a whole, the mortality risk among disability pensioners was estimated to be 6.8 times as high as that of controls. The relative risk of mortality was higher at the period's inception than at the end. A very high mortality level was found among disability pensioners awarded the highest level of disability pension, but no differences in mortality were found between disability pensioners awarded the lower levels of disability pension and the corresponding control group. The significance of medical and social factors in reducing the ability to work is discussed, as it relates to grounds for the awarding of disability pensions. The prognosis of one category of disability pensioners is very poor, while the survival prognosis of another is not significantly worsened, despite a considerable deterioration in the ability to work. PMID- 6218608 TI - [Gradual coronary dilatation using double balloon catheters]. AB - For the purpose of coronary angioplasty (PTCA) coronary stenoses over 80% usually can only be passed with very small catheters. We therefore developed an instrument with a very small tip-diameter and two balloons of different diameters arranged in line. In 9 cases primary success has been achieved and the degree of stenoses reduced from 89% to 22%. The gradient of 58 mm Hg was only 11 mm Hg after PTCA. When used with caution, the advantages of this catheter in high degree coronary stenoses is obvious. PMID- 6218609 TI - [Use of broncho-alveolar lavage in the diagnosis, activity determination and follow-up of sarcoidosis. Preliminary report]. AB - Pulmonary sarcoidosis is associated with granulomas and alveolitis at certain stages with accumulation of helper T-lymphocytes. The activity of alveolitis was determined by analysis of T-lymphocytes recovered by bronchoalveolar lavage. Only the alveolitis stage of sarcoidosis is influenced by treatment. 3 patients of a total of 5 fulfilled the criteria of active sarcoidosis. The course in 5 cases is discussed. PMID- 6218610 TI - [Effect of celiprolol, fenoterol and aminophylline on respiratory tract obstruction during an asthma attack]. AB - Selective beta 1-blocking drugs without bronchoconstrictor effect are desirable in patients with bronchial asthma and systemic hypertension or tachycardia. Therefore, 15 patients with bronchial asthma were given a single dose of 100 mg celiprolol (and 5 of them 300 mg) and airway obstruction (Raw, FEV1), pulse rate and blood pressure were documented for 3 hours. After 2 hours an additional infusion of aminophylline and after 3 hours an additional inhalation of fenoterol were given. Within 120 minutes after the intake of celiprolol no statistical changes in the measured data (Raw, FEV1, blood pressure and pulse rate) were found. The same was true after the infusion of aminophylline. Reversibility of airway obstruction by fenoterol was better after celiprolol plus aminophylline than without this premedication (p less than 0.05). It is concluded that the beta 1-antagonist celiprolol does not induce relevant airway obstruction in patients with bronchial asthma, and that an additional infusion of aminophylline enhances the bronchodilatory effect of the beta 2-agonist fenoterol (p less than 0.05). PMID- 6218611 TI - [Clinical reports: pseudohypoparathyroidism, pituitary nanism, and adrenal carcinoma]. PMID- 6218612 TI - NMR spectroscopy of living cells. PMID- 6218613 TI - Immunotoxins: a new approach to cancer therapy. PMID- 6218614 TI - Human lymphocyte surface markers. PMID- 6218615 TI - Institutionalized and the non-institutionalized elderly. AB - A survey covering all the elderly over 65 years of age at home and in institutions was made in a rural town of Japan in order to reveal the physical and socio-psychological factors which were related to their current placement status. The proportion of those over 65 in this town is 13%, of which 53% are living either alone or with spouse only, which anticipates the future national trend. Of the 3039 enumerated, 6.0% were hospitalized, 1.5% in the Home for the aged and only one in a Nursing home. As the level of disability became more serious, the proportion institutionalized increased; however, even at the severe level only half were in institutions. This situation could only be understood when the family caring capacity was taken into consideration. Those at home had a greater possibility of having a healthy, not employed caring person. Economic factors were relevant only for the Home for the aged subjects. At the same disability level, the family of the institutionalized expressed a greater subjective burden in caring compared with those at home. A tentative criteria for evaluating institutional care need based on the level of disability and family caring capacity is proposed. PMID- 6218616 TI - Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of the abdominal aortic bifurcation. AB - Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) of the abdominal aortic bifurcation was performed in three patients with atherosclerotic disease. All three patients had experienced severe claudication on exertion. The dilatations were performed with Gruntzig balloon catheters after determination of a significant pressure gradient (greater than 20 mm Hg) across the stenotic lesions. Follow-up at 9, 12, and 23 months revealed no recurrent symptoms. Balloon dilatation of the distal abdominal aorta is safe and effective and eliminates the risk of impotence that is common after vascular reconstruction. PMID- 6218617 TI - Transluminal angioplasty of the iliac artery combined with femorofemoral bypass. AB - Significant aortoiliac occlusive disease commonly occurs in patients who are not acceptable risks for conventional aortoiliac or aortofemoral bypass reconstruction. We propose that, in suitable candidates, the lower extremities can be revascularized by combining intraluminal angioplasty of stenotic iliofemoral segments with femorofemoral bypass graft. We present three patients who have been managed in this fashion with satisfactory results. This method is proposed as an alternative to, not a substitute for, conventional, time-proven aortic grafting. PMID- 6218618 TI - Comparison of radiographic and radionuclide skeletal surveys in battered children. AB - A review of 13 cases of suspected child abuse in which radionuclide (RN) scans, radiographic skeletal surveys, and sufficient follow-up were available showed that the RN scans were insensitive, even though fractures were more than 48 hours old at the time of the scan. Frequently missed lesions included skull and extremity fractures. Furthermore, soft tissue and visceral abnormalities that were identified on radiographic examination went undetected on RN scan. We conclude that, although the RN scan may augment the radiographic examination, it should not be used alone to screen for the battered child. PMID- 6218619 TI - [Friendship of the peoples of the USSR and public health in Byelorussia]. PMID- 6218620 TI - [Public health successes and prospects of Uzbekistan]. PMID- 6218621 TI - [Achievement of public health in Kazakhstan]. PMID- 6218622 TI - [Development of public health in Georgia]. PMID- 6218623 TI - [Constant and unflagging attention to rural public health]. PMID- 6218624 TI - [Activities of the Rostov district hospital]. PMID- 6218625 TI - [Occupational health services at the Chelyabinsk metallurgy plant]. PMID- 6218626 TI - [Organization of the proctological services in the main proctological institute of the Ministry of Health of the Russian S.F.S.R]. PMID- 6218627 TI - [High quality of the medical services to the population in the Voronezh district hospital]. PMID- 6218628 TI - An evaluation of nephelometry and complement-based tests for the detection of circulating immune complexes. AB - Sera from 20 normal adult control subjects and 28 patients suffering from various diseases which may be associated with an immune complex disorder were investigated, using three different techniques for detection of circulating immune complexes (CICs). The sera from the patients were assigned expected positive or negative ratings by the clinicians according to clinical and laboratory criteria. This information as well as the diagnoses was withheld until the results of immune complex determinations were available. The three tests used to detect CICs were laser nephelometry (LN), 125I-C1q binding and measurement of the C3 breakdown product C3c. Serum levels of the complement components C3 and C4 were assessed on the serum specimens from the patients. Results obtained from normal control sera showed that 18 of the 20 and all 20 were negative with the C1q binding technique and LN respectively. Of 16 sera for which a positive result was expected, 5 (31,3%) and 14 (87%) were positive when examined by the C1q binding technique and LN respectively; C3c determination produced no positive results. No false-negative results were obtained with the C1q binding and C3c tests, but 2 out of 16 (13%) results obtained with the LN test were false negative. LN is a rapid, sensitive test for the detection of CICs. PMID- 6218630 TI - Annual statistical supplement, 1981. PMID- 6218629 TI - Infective endocarditis due to non-toxigenic Corynebacterium diphtheriae in a child. A case report. AB - A case of infective endocarditis (IE) in a 5 1/2-year-old boy in whom blood and bone marrow cultures yielded an unusual organism, a non-toxigenic strain of Corynebacterium diphtheriae, is reported. This proved fatal, and at autopsy congenital valvar aortic stenosis was found, but the vegetations occurred on an anatomically normal mitral valve. Organisms such as C. diphtheriae should not be ignored when isolated from blood cultures in suspected cases of IE. PMID- 6218631 TI - Psychiatric implications in the treatment of the geriatric dental patient. PMID- 6218632 TI - The dentist's role. PMID- 6218633 TI - Regional low dosage thrombolytic therapy for peripheral arterial occlusions. AB - This report describes successful management of recent peripheral arterial occlusions by intra-arterial low dosage thrombolytic drug infusions and percutaneous balloon angioplasty. An intra-arterial infusion of either streptokinase or urokinase at 1/20 of the usual systemic dose was delivered through an angiographic catheter into the region of the thrombus. Clot lysis was achieved for arterial occlusions of the iliac artery, an old aortofemoral graft limb and femoropopliteal arteries. Arterial clots of several weeks duration were lysed. Recurrent thrombosis can be prevented by anticoagulation, balloon angioplasty or surgical repair of causative arterial lesions. Thrombolytic therapy for arterial occlusions is not a replacement for surgical management but an important adjunct to the over-all treatment. Low dosage regional thrombolytic therapy deserves wider application in the management of selected arterial occlusions. PMID- 6218634 TI - [Results of the 1st 1500 cases of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute data)]. PMID- 6218635 TI - [Selective thrombolysis in acute myocardial infarct. Conservative or surgical treatment with early aortocoronary bypass or transluminal balloon dilatation]. PMID- 6218637 TI - [Cardiomyopathies: the pathomorphology and infectious immunological mechanisms]. PMID- 6218636 TI - [Effect of various factors on the course of mild forms of hypertension]. PMID- 6218638 TI - [Transluminal angioplasty in coronary heart disease]. PMID- 6218639 TI - [Clinical variants of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy]. PMID- 6218640 TI - [Treatment of cardiomyopathies]. PMID- 6218641 TI - [Chronic high-altitude cor pulmonale]. PMID- 6218642 TI - [Therapeutic service of the Kirghiz SSR on the 60th anniversary of the USSR]. PMID- 6218643 TI - [T suppressor lymphocyte study in rheumatic diseases]. PMID- 6218644 TI - [Advances and prospects of internal medicine in the Uzbek SSR]. PMID- 6218645 TI - Effect of lignocaine, sodium cromoglycate, and ipratropium bromide in exercise induced asthma. PMID- 6218646 TI - Hyperventilation-induced asthma: evidence for two mechanisms. AB - The mechanism by which airway cooling induces airflow obstruction in asthmatic subjects has not yet been established. Using a pair of isocapnic hyperventilation challenges, with a 40-minute interval, we looked for the presence of a refractory period in 19 asthmatic patients (aged 9-18 years). The subjects fell into two groups. The eight in the "non-refractory" group showed less than a 25% reduction in response to the second challenge, but the 11 in the "refractory" group showed at least a 35% reduction. Twelve subjects also performed a hyperventilation challenge after cholinergic blockade with inhaled ipratropium bromide. In five, in whom no refractoriness after hyperventilation was seen, there was a significant protection from cholinergic blockade (p less than 0.05). In these a vagal (cholinergic) reflex seems likely. The remaining seven, who had a refractory period, received no significant protection from cholinergic blockade and therefore no evidence for the presence of any cholinergic mechanism. We conclude that two mechanisms are responsible for hyperventilation-induced asthma, one of which is a vagal reflex while mediator release may be the other. PMID- 6218647 TI - Effects of ipratropium bromide and fenoterol aerosols in pulmonary emphysema. AB - In patients with radiological evidence of pulmonary emphysema the bronchodilator drugs fenoterol and ipratropium bromide produced a considerable increase in vital capacity and reduction in residual volume. The response to fenoterol was virtually complete 15 minutes after administration, but after ipratropium bromide vital capacity was still increasing at 60 minutes. The change in vital capacity was slightly greater with a combination of the two drugs than with either used alone. Changes in FEV1 and peak flow rate were small. PMID- 6218649 TI - [Combined treatment with ipratropin and fenoterol in chronic obstructive lung disease]. PMID- 6218648 TI - Protective effect of drugs on bronchoconstriction induced by sulphur dioxide. AB - The response to inhaled sulphur dioxide in eight normal, seven atopic, and 22 asthmatic subjects was studied by measuring thoracic gas volume and airway resistance in a whole-body plethysmograph. The fall in specific airway conductance in relation to the concentration of sulphur dioxide inhaled (0-20 ppm) was determined in all three groups. The specific airway conductance fell significantly in the atopic and asthmatic subjects but not in the normal group. In a double-blind study prior inhalation of disodium cromoglycate caused a significant reduction in the response to sulphur dioxide inhalation in atopic and asthmatic subjects. Prior treatment with inhaled ipratropium bromide blocked the response in the atopic subjects, but the effect was variable in the patients with asthma. Previous treatment with inhaled clemastine also reduced the response in patients with asthma, without causing a change in baseline specific conductance. We conclude that non-allergic bronchial hyperreactivity was increased in the atopic and the asthmatic subjects and that mediator release, in addition to a vagal reflex, has a role in such bronchoconstriction. PMID- 6218650 TI - [Extreme prematurity. Results of intensive care of infants born after a very short pregnancy]. PMID- 6218651 TI - The major histocompatibility complex of outbred chickens. I. Analysis of the B13 haplotype by serology and cellular reactions. AB - The F antigens, which are serologically defined Class I gene products of the major histocompatibility complex in chickens (the B complex), were analysed in outbred birds. Private specificities of the F13 antigen from the inbred CC strain were detected in 20 outbred chickens by a haemagglutination technique. In the GVH inhibition-release test F13 antigens from outbred and inbred chickens were identical. The L antigens, which are the Class II antigens of the B complex, were detected with specific anti L13 alloantisera by indirect immunofluorescence. Antisera defining the L13 antigen(s) of the inbred CC line reacted with all F13 positive outbreds. As a test of one-way direct compatibility of the inbred and outbred animals typing F13, graft versus host reactions were performed, injecting blood of F13 positive outbreds into inbred B13/13 eggs. No GVH stimulation attributable to MHC determinants was found. In MLR, responder cells from outbred MHC heterozygous chickens, which typed F13/x, were stimulated by inbred F13/13 homozygous typing cells, and weak, but significant, reactions were found. Further analysis in the accompanying paper, however, revealed no difference in the lymphocyte activating determinants (Lads) of inbred and outbred birds typing F13 and L13. No individual has yet been found which carries one of these antigens in the absence of the other. PMID- 6218652 TI - The major histocompatibility complex of outbred chickens. II. Analysis of the typing response in mixed lymphocyte culture stimulated by homozygous typing cells. AB - MLR phenotypes of outbred and inbred chickens typing B13 of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) of the chicken were compared. F1 hybrids of outbred and inbred B13 positive chickens were analysed in mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC). The intermediate strength responses of cells from B13 heterozygous outbred chickens stimulated by inbred B13 homozygous chicken cells were not due to minor variations of B encoded lymphocyte activating determinants (Lads). Nor were Lads encoded by genes unlinked to the B complex responsible for these reactions. In contrast, F1 anti-parental type reactions were observed, and these alone are probably responsible for the intermediate strength reactions so often seen in typing of heterozygous outbreds with homozygous typing cells. PMID- 6218653 TI - Variable MLC stimulatory capacity of neoplastic B and non-B/non-T lymphocytes expressing HLA-DR antigens. AB - Neoplastic cells from patients with a variety of B- or non-B/non-T-lymphoid malignancies, including chronic lymphocytic leukemia, various histologic types of non-Hodgkin lymphoma and acute lymphocytic leukemia, showed strong variation with respect to stimulatory capacity in mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC). MLC stimulatory capacity was either normal or strongly decreased in comparison with that of normal lymphocytes despite the expression of HLA-DR antigens and p23,30 ("Ia-like") determinants on the tumor cells of all patients. Strongly decreased stimulatory capacity of HLA-DR-positive tumor cells could not be ascribed to suppressive activity of the tumor cells. Tumor cells from three patients with a T cell malignancy failed to stimulate in MLC and did not react with anti-p23,30 serum. The decreased stimulatory capacity of many DR-positive neoplastic cells is ascribed either to altered membrane presentation of DR antigens or to the absence of MLC stimulatory determinants specified by genes closely linked to, but different from, those coding for DR. PMID- 6218654 TI - Distribution and residue determination of [3H]zearalenone in broilers. PMID- 6218656 TI - [Dental caries and fluorosis in school-age children living in the city of Kalinin]. PMID- 6218655 TI - Autoradiographic studies of [3H]zearalenone in mice. AB - Whole body autoradiograms of male, spayed and pregnant female mice after injection of [3H]zearalenone showed a rapid excretion of radioactivity into the bile as well as the urine. Specific localization was found in oestrogen target organs as the uterus, interstitial cells of the testicle and the follicles of the ovary. Unlike natural oestrogens zearalenone and/or its metabolites were not found in the adrenal cortex and bronchi of the lungs. Detection of radioactivity in an increased amount of fluid in the pleural and peritoneal cavities suggests an additional site of action of zearalenone. In the pregnant mice used, radioactivity was found only in the foetuses of late pregnancy mainly in the kidney, bile and connective tissue. PMID- 6218657 TI - [Non-radiologic measures for the diagnosis of ovarian carcinomas]. AB - The ovarian carcinoma is still a problematic carcinoma. There are no early symptoms and no early diagnostics. Those carcinomas which are detected in an initial stage are generally found by chance during an operation indicated otherwise. Gynecologic palpation is the most important among the non-radiologic diagnostic means. Every ovarian tumor with a size of more than 5 cm is suspicious to be a carcinoma and has to be further investigated. Age is the most important risk factor. After the age of 35, the incidence of the ovarian carcinoma increases continuously until the age of 70. A reliable confirmation of the diagnosis "ovarian carcinoma" is only possible by laparoscopy and/or laparotomy. Laparotomy should be planned in such a manner that therapeutic surgery can be immediately performed if the diagnosis is confirmed. PMID- 6218658 TI - Chronic graft-versus-host disease in the rat radiation chimera. II. Immunological evaluation in long-term chimeras. PMID- 6218659 TI - Effect of cyclosporin A on murine and human T helper cell clones. PMID- 6218660 TI - Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty treatment of renal transplant artery stenosis. AB - Since June 1979, percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) has been the procedure of choice for renal transplant artery stenosis (RTAS) at the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania. Of 241 renal allograft recipients, 17 (7%) when studied by arteriogram because of suspected RTAS proved to have significant stenosis (the mean reduction in luminal width for the group being 68%) and underwent PTA. RTAS was equally prevalent in cadaver and related kidney allografts and was no less common in HLA-identical related donor grafts, arguing against the importance of immune factors in etiology. RTAS was equally prevalent whether the anastomotic technique was end to end or end to side. However, when RTAS occurred after end to side anastomoses, it was usually postanastomotic. Fifteen of 17 of the attempts at dilation by PTA were successful by angiographic analysis. Thirteen of the 15 successfully dilated patients had long-term allograft survival and in all of these instances blood pressure (BP) was decreased after PTA. After a mean of 67 weeks, BP decreased from a systolic of 184 +/- 24 mm Hg pre-PTA to 135 +/- 15 mm Hg (P less than 0.001) and from a diastolic of 115 +/- 10 mm Hg pre-PTA to 87 +/- 11 mm Hg (P less than 0.001). The majority of patients continue to require antihypertensive drugs but in a less vigorous regimen than pre-PTA. Serum creatinine level fell following PTA from 1.9 +/- 0.6 to 1.7 +/- 0.5 mg/100 ml (P less than 0.01). Repeat angiographic study was done in nine patients, an average of 61 weeks after PTA, and no recurrent RTAS was identified. Three minor complications of PTA occurred but none led to long-term sequelae. Thus, we believe PTA of RTAS is relatively safe, carrying less mortality and morbidity than operative treatment, and is capable of improving BP control and renal allograft function. PMID- 6218662 TI - Suppression of mixed leukocyte culture using leukocytes from normal individuals, uremic patients, and allograft recipients. AB - The suppressor cell function of peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes (MNLs) from normal individuals, renal failure patients, and allograft recipients was evaluated using a suppressor cell assay wherein putative suppressors were added at the initiation of a third-party, one-way mixed leukocyte culture (MLC). MNLs from renal allograft recipients displayed the greatest suppressive activity (P less than 0.05): 50% suppression was achieved with 0.5 x 10(5) MNLs from allograft recipients, 2 x 10(5) MNLs from end stage renal disease patients, or 4 x 10(5) MNLs from normal individuals. The frequency of tests displaying positive MLC suppression using 1 x 10(5) MNLs was 90% (383 of 426) for allograft recipients compared with 60% (83 of 138) for renal failure patients and 28.2% (29 of 103) for normal individuals (P less than 0.01). The suppression displayed by 1 x 10(5) MNLs from potential allograft recipients receiving more than five pretransplant blood transfusions (BTs) was equal to that of 4 x 10(5) MNLS from patients receiving less than five BTs (P less than 0.05). Moreover, the frequency of positive MLC suppression from patients treated with more than five versus less than five BTs was 80% versus 40% (P less than 0.001). Although suppression of MLC appeared to be mainly dependent on an esterase (+)-adherent cell, there was no significant difference between the percentage of esterase (+) cells in unfractionated MNLs from the three groups of individuals, suggesting that MLC suppression was attributable to the functional performance rather than the number of suppressor MNLs. Preliminary data suggest a relationship between the level of MLC suppressive activity detected pretransplant and the outcome of the allograft at 6 months. PMID- 6218661 TI - Donor-specific transfusion with diminished sensitization. AB - Fourteen mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC)-reactive haploidentical recipients have received donor specific transfusions (DSTs) with diminished sensitization to HLA antigens. A single unit of donor blood was obtained in CPD-A anticoagulant, packed, and transfused in three aliquots at 1-week intervals when the blood was 1, 3, and 5 weeks old. Transplantation, performed 22 to 149 days after the last DST, has been successful in all patients for 3 to 26 months except for one experiencing hyperacute rejection despite a negative crossmatch. In vitro studies suggest that blood storage results in the loss of T lymphocytes, which are presumably responsible for the sensitization, and preservation of B cells and monocytes, which remain capable of stimulating a cellular immune response in vitro throughout the 30-day storage period. Apparently this change in the cellular characteristics of blood with storage produces the salutory effects of blood transfusion without the undesirable sensitization to HLA antigens. The mechanisms remain under study. PMID- 6218663 TI - Balloon dilation for ureteral strictures in graft kidneys. A viable alternative to further surgery. PMID- 6218664 TI - Influence of race on the predictability of mixed lymphocyte culture identity by HLA-DR matching. AB - HLA-DR-identical North American individuals of Caucasian, black, and Asian Indian origin were tested in checkerboard mixed lymphocyte cultures (MLCs) and the distribution of negative (weak), intermediate, and positive (strong) MLC reactions was determined using the linear clustering analysis program. Overall, the data show that the frequency of weak MLC reactions is significantly higher when the HLA-DR-identical responder-stimulator pair derives from the same ethnic group than when they are of different ethnic origin. Caucasians responded stronger to blacks than to Asian Indians; blacks responded stronger to Asian Indians than to Caucasians, while Asian Indians responded stronger to blacks than to Caucasians. The fact that the frequency of MLC identity is greater among HLA DR-identical individuals of similar as opposed to different ethnic origin suggests that the predictability of successful transplants by HLA-DR matching may be also influenced by the ethnic background of the donor. PMID- 6218665 TI - In vitro induction of T suppressor lymphocytes in recipients of renal allografts by THF, a thymic hormone. AB - Lymphocyte subpopulations were determined in 13 patients, recipients of kidney allografts, 7 of them during an acute rejection episode (ARE). Monitoring of the T lymphocyte suppressor or T helper cells was performed by aid of the theophylline sensitivity test and the local xenogeneic graft-versus-host reaction (GVHR). An absence or a striking decrease of theophylline-sensitive T suppressor cells was found in all patients during ARE. Incubation of the lymphocytes of these patients with a thymic hormone, THF, raised the number of TS lymphocytes from nil or from a very low level to normal or above. The therapeutic use of THF in selected renal allograft recipients is proposed. PMID- 6218666 TI - T cell help in cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses. Role of the I region in helper cell induction. AB - We have studied the in vivo induction of T helper (TH) cells that participate in the generation of cytotoxic T (TC) lymphocytes. Helper activity was measured by the ability of the cells to help resting thymic TC cell precursors develop into effector TC cells in vitro. Direct injection of allogeneic spleen cells into the footpads of mice led to the generation of alloantigen-specific helper cells in the draining popliteal lymph nodes within 4 to 6 days. Helper activity was mediated by nylon-wool-nonadherent Lyt-1+ T lymphocytes; some activity was associated with Lyt-1,2+ cells. The genetic requirements for both the induction and restimulation of C3H anti-H-2d TH cells were investigated using cells from H 2k/H-2d recombinant mice as in vivo immunogens and in vitro stimulators. Evidence is presented that shows in a direct assay that TH cells themselves are specific for I region-coded determinants. Thus, disparity at the left side of the H-2 complex (K to I-E) but not at H-2K alone was necessary and sufficient to induce and reactivate TH cells. Proliferation in mixed lymphocyte culture was measured in combinations in which TH cells were not detectable, supporting the idea that proliferation cannot be strictly considered a measurement of helper cells. PMID- 6218667 TI - Functional reactivities of lymphocytes primed in murine graft-versus-host reactions. AB - Secondary mixed leukocyte culture (MLC) responses of T lymphocytes effecting graft-versus-host (GVH) reactivity have been compared with the response patterns of T lymphocytes primed in vitro. GVH reactions were initiated in donor-recipient combinations selected to involve genetic differences at the entire H-2 complex or individual K/D and I regions. GVH-primed lymphocytes, whether derived from spleen, liver, or lymph nodes, exhibited unexpectedly specific proliferative reactivity against I region-encoded gene products. In combinations involving both K/D plus I region differences, cytotoxic T lymphocytes were generated against the K/D antigens. These response patterns contrasted to those exhibited by MLC-primed T cells. MLC-primed cells elicited proliferative responses against both K/D and I region antigens and revealed a high cross-reactivity among I region gene products of various haplotypes. The different response patterns for in vivo versus in vitro primed cells do not appear to be artifactual but a result of the priming environment. PMID- 6218668 TI - [Dynamic evaluation of the incidence of hereditary pathology by an accounting of spontaneous abortions and congenital developmental defects]. AB - A new method is suggested to control the mutation process in man by the dynamics of hereditary pathology frequency. The paper presents data on registration of spontaneous abortions, congenital malformations, Down's syndrome and perinatal death in Angarsk for 10 years (1971-1980). No changes are found in the frequencies of these data. The dynamic analysis of hereditary pathology "units" of mutation origin for 10 years did not show any time trend. PMID- 6218669 TI - [Prophage induction and reactivation of phage lambda as affected by dioxidine]. PMID- 6218670 TI - [Effect of a chalone-containing preparation from Ehrlich ascites tumor on DNA synthesis and cell division in the tumor in relation to the time of day]. AB - The mitosis inhibitory action of chalone-containing preparation of the Ehrlich ascite tumour was shown to depend on the time of its administration on round the clock, and on the circadian rhythm phase of the mitotic activity in this tumour. This allowed a conclusion that the chalone system of the tumour may be involved in the formation of the circadian rhythm of cell division. It was found that Ehrlich's ascite tumour chalone system regulated DNA synthesis influencing the cell passage from G1-phase of the mitotic cycle to S-phase, and the processes occurring during S-phase. PMID- 6218671 TI - [Growth of cardiac muscle cells during rat adaptation to altitude hypoxia]. AB - The weight of the right heart ventricle in 1.5-month-old rats kept after birth in the mountains of 3400 m altitude is higher and its muscle cell cytoplasm mass is much larger compared to those in 1.5-month-old animals raised at 800 m altitude. The hypertrophy of cells is not due to their polyploidization. Only a small increase in the relative number of polyploid cells takes place under high altitude hypoxia. The weight of the right ventricle and myocyte mass in 3-month old rats kept 1.5-3 months after the birth at 3400 m altitude also increases, although this augmentation is significantly less than in the animals grown in the mountains for 1.5 months immediately after the birth. The myocyte ploidy of adult animals adapted to hypoxia does not essentially differ from that of 1.5- and 3 month-old control rats: about 80 per cent of these cells are polyploid. Thus, the growth of cardiac myocytes under the heart hyperfunction in the case of high altitude hypoxia proceeds mainly on the ground of the stable polyploid genome, as well as normal ontogenetic growth of these cells. PMID- 6218673 TI - Serum levels of cortisol, dehydroepiandrosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate, estrone and prolactin after surgical trauma in postmenopausal women. AB - Changes in serum hormone concentrations induced by surgical trauma were studied by determination of cortisol, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHA), dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHAS), estrone (E1) and prolactin in 25 postmenopausal women. Blood samples were collected before, during and after mastectomy (14 women) and cholecystectomy (11 women). A slight peroperative increase in DHA preceded a marked postoperative decrease whereas no significant changes were seen concerning DHAS. The posttraumatic increase in cortisol values was delayed in relation to that of DHA, reaching its maximum on the first postoperative day. There was a pronounced postoperative increase in estrone which was only slightly (r = 0.3) correlated to the concomitant changes in the serum levels of DHA and cortisol indicating that other factors than increased availability of precursor steroids might influence this change. Prolactin levels showed an about fourfold peroperative increase and were normalized on the first day after surgery. No significant differences in preoperative values were seen between the groups although generally more pronounced and retarded changes were seen after cholecystectomy than after mastectomy. PMID- 6218672 TI - Ultrastructural abnormalities in respiratory cilia and sperm tails in a patient with Kartagener's syndrome. AB - Ultrastructural abnormalities of spermatozoa and respiratory cilia have been reported in a male patient with Kartagener's syndrome and infertility. In this patient both respiratory cilia and sperm tails showed defects in radial spokes and dynein arms. Such defects are heretofore undescribed in the same subject with immotile cilia syndrome. Absence of both inner and outer dynein arms and absence of the inner dynein arms only were detected in spermatozoa and in respiratory tract cilia, respectively. Moreover, total absence of axoneme was seen in several sperm tails from this patient. The possibility that the features described are of genetic origin is discussed. PMID- 6218674 TI - [Difficulties and errors in the treatment of infected wounds]. AB - Errors resulting in delayed healing of wounds (266 observations) can be divided into 2 groups: inexpedient drainage of the purulent wounds and irrational local application (on the wound) of drugs. The latter was found to consist in the use of drugs without the phase of the inflammatory process taken into consideration and in the continuous application of one and the same drug. The resulting drug allergy prevented the wound healing. PMID- 6218675 TI - Internal parasites of horses: treatment and control. PMID- 6218677 TI - [Development and achievements of roentgenology and radiology in Azerbaijan]. PMID- 6218676 TI - [Quality control of mass fluorographic examinations of the population in the Russian S.F.S.R]. PMID- 6218678 TI - [Development of roentgenology and radiology in the Byelorussian S.S.R]. PMID- 6218679 TI - [Achievements of health resort specialists in Kazakhstan under Soviet rule]. PMID- 6218680 TI - [Metabolic mechanisms of the cure of atherosclerosis in the Issyk-Kul health resort region (experimental study)]. PMID- 6218682 TI - [Effect of treatment at the Dzhermuk health resort on liver hemodynamics in patients with duodenal ulcer]. PMID- 6218681 TI - [Effect of hypomineralized mineral water containing organic substances on the sympathetic-adrenal system in toxic hepatitis (experimental study)]. PMID- 6218683 TI - [Effectiveness of the therapeutic factors of the Obi-Garm health resort in neurological manifestations of spinal osteochondrosis]. PMID- 6218684 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of patients of the risk group at a special gastroenterological sanatorium]. PMID- 6218686 TI - [Effect of 30-day hypokinesia on Ca2+ transport, activity of ATPases and lipid peroxidation in the membranes of the sarcoplasmic reticulum and in the mitochondria of the skeletal and heart muscles]. PMID- 6218685 TI - [Comparative study of the mechanism of action of biologically active substances on the membrane-bound mitochondrial monoamine oxidase and Ca2+, Mg2+-dependent ATPase of the sarcoplasmic reticulum]. AB - Mechanism of interaction between biologically active substances and membranes as well as and membrane-bound enzymes of two types: mitochondrial monoamine oxidase (MAO) from rat liver tissue and Ca2+, Mg+2-dependent ATPase from sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) were studied. All the substances studied inhibited most distinctly the SR ATPase as compared with mitochondrial MAO. EPR technique enabled to detect that BeSO4, aminazine, Pt- and Pd-5-sulpho-8-mercaptoquinolinate affected the membranes of both types decreasing the microviscosity in its hydrophobic part. K2PtCl4 and K2PdCl4 altered the conformation of membrane proteins. All the substances studied were bound by the same amino acid residues of proteins and affected similarly the structure lability of these membranes. As distinct from MAO, interaction of the substances with active sites of ATPase was responsible for pronounced differences in the inhibitory effect of the same substances on various membrane enzymes. Transformation of MAO, accompanied by a decrease in viscosity of hydrophobic part of mitochondrial membrane, contributed to appearance of new enzymatic properties, which appear to occur due to alteration in the protein conformation and to redistribution of the enzyme reactive sites situated relatively close to the membrane surface. PMID- 6218687 TI - [Controllable colostomy following abdomino-peritoneal extirpation of the rectum]. AB - Abdominoperineal extirpation of the rectum and formation of a controlled artificial sphincter were performed in 74 cases, following research conducted in 1978-1981. An artificial sphincter was formed from a fascial-muscular flap of musculus adductor magnus of the thigh in 35 cases; a magnetic ring was implanted in 39 cases. Indications for both surgical procedures and technical details are discussed. The good long-term functional results point to the effectiveness of the said procedures of surgical rehabilitation of cases of extirpation of the rectum. PMID- 6218688 TI - [Incidence of esophageal cancer on the plains and in the mountainous regions of the Kazakh SSR]. AB - The relative frequency of esophageal cancer (1973-1977) was evaluated versus altitude-associated variations in atmospheric pressure for plain (Kzyl-Orda Region) and mountainous (Alma-Ata Region) areas of the Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic. Most of populated areas of Kzyl-Orda Region are situated at altitudes of 60-180 m, while those of Alma-Ata Region--at 600-900 m above sea level. According to the results of the analysis of standardized indexes of morbidity, esophageal cancer incidence in Alma-Ata Region was 3.7 times lower than in Kzyl Orda Region (p less than 0.001). This index for the Kazakh population in Alma-Ata Region was half, for Russians--2.1 times and other ethnic groups--2.2 times less than that for similar groups of population in Kzyl-Orda Region. There was an inverse correlation between relative incidence of esophageal cancer and altitude for either region. To illustrate, if the incidence rate for the plains in Alma Ata Region is assumed to be 100%, this index drops to 66.7% (p less than 0.05) for foothill areas and to 42.9% at medium heights (p less than 0.02). Such decrease in morbidity was in correlation with that in atmospheric pressure and varied directly with the monthly and yearly changes in atmospheric pressure as altitude increased. PMID- 6218689 TI - [Scientific and practical achievements in the field of nutrition in the Georgian SSR during the 60 years' existence of the Soviet Union]. PMID- 6218690 TI - [Lipidogram indices of viral hepatitis patients in the antimony subregion of the Fergana Valley]. AB - The data are provided on the content of antimony in soil, water, foods of plant and animal origin, diets, and in blood of normal and virus hepatitis individuals living in the antimony subregion of the Fergana valley. It has been shown that the lipidogram of virus hepatitis patients living in the secondary biogeochemical province of the Andizhan region differs from that of the same patients living in other subregions of the USSR. PMID- 6218691 TI - [Frequency of aflatoxin pollution of corn grain in the provinces of Kazakhstan]. PMID- 6218692 TI - [Results of the development of the science of nutrition in Kazakhstan during the 60 years' existence of the USSR]. PMID- 6218693 TI - [Results of the work of the Department of Nutritional Hygiene at the School for Advanced Training of Teachers]. PMID- 6218694 TI - [An electrocardiographic diagnostic method in cor pulmonale]. PMID- 6218695 TI - [Use of epsilon-aminocaproic acid in the combined treatment of chronic noncalculous cholecystitis]. PMID- 6218696 TI - [Etiology of Karelia fever--a new arbovirus infection]. AB - In August-September 1981, in some areas of Karelia (on the border of northern and middle taiga) there occurred diseases with signs of fever, rash, and arthralgia developing in some patients into a chronic condition. Examinations of paired sera from patients with the acute disease and from convalescents using a set of Toga- and Bunya-viruses showed the etiology of the disease to be associated with a virus from the Togaviridae family, genus Alphavirus, of the antigenic Sindbis complex. PMID- 6218697 TI - [Peripheral vascular surgery in the high-risk patient]. AB - In peripheral vascular surgery a patient not infrequently becomes a high-risk case on account of local causes (morphological, haemodynamic), especially during long operations. Hence, low-risk procedures like partial or palliative operations, including extraanatomical procedures, and appropriate anaesthesiological methods are very important. This report includes several possibilities of peripheral arterial reconstruction, as well as a review of experience gained in 37 axillo(bi)femoral and 54 cross-over bypasses, 41 closed retrograde TEA's of the iliac region, 30 transluminal dilatations, 580 embolectomies, 257 reconstructions of the deep femoral artery and 19 in situ vein bypasses (Hall). The distribution of extraanatomical procedures in a high-risk and a local or angiological-morphological situation showed that after one year only 50% of high-risk patients were still alive compared with 85% of the latter group. Local anaesthesia was very suitable for embolectomies, whilst for other indications we prefer spinal and peridural or combined regional and general anaesthesia, with the proviso that the patient is in the hands of a skilled anaesthesiologist. PMID- 6218698 TI - [Embolia cutis medicamentosa]. PMID- 6218699 TI - [Evaluation of the health status of handicapped persons]. PMID- 6218700 TI - [The need for social measures of rehabilitation]. PMID- 6218701 TI - [Rehabilitation of psychoneural patients with special reference to the incapacitated]. PMID- 6218702 TI - [Exercise echocardiography in dilatative cardiomyopathy]. AB - Using M-mode echocardiography under 2-D control at rest and during ergometer exercise (ex), we examined 15 patients (pat) with angiographically moderate diffuse left ventricular (LV) contraction impairment (mean enddiastolic volume index 115 ml/m2, mean ejection fraction 58%) (group DCM I). The aim of the study was to look for differences in LV behavior under exercise within this patient group, with a view to aiding diagnosis. These pat were compared to 10 normal subjects (N) and 10 pat with advanced dilatative (congestive) cardiomyopathy (enddiastolic volume index 135 ml/m2, ejection fraction 44%) (DCM II). Even at rest, the LV diameters and the fractional shortening (FS) in the group DCM I differed significantly from those in N, and in the case of the mean FS the difference increased on ex (rest p less than 0.05, exertion p less than 0.0005). In none of the three groups did the enddiastolic diameter undergo any significant change on ex. The endsystolic diameter decreased in N by an average of 5.2 mm (p less than 0.0005); at 2.8 mm (p less than 0.005), the decrease (DCM I vs N p less than 0.005) was distinctly slighter to be observed in DCM I; in DCM II it was no longer significant. Within the group DCM I, 4 pat showed a behavior on ex that was not what the values at rest would have suggested. 2 pat showed a physiological reaction on ex despite a restricted function at rest; however, in 2 patients with relatively good values at rest, the FS decreased on ex. According to these findings, a restriction of LV function is to be recognized echocardiographically more clearly on ex than at rest, especially in low-level dilatative cardiomyopathy (DCM). In individual cases, a varying increase in LV functional impairment is to be observed during ex, or even generalized physiological reaction, which would not be expected from the echocardiogram at rest. Thus the results of the examination present a differentiated basis for the observation of the course of the disease, especially in pat with a moderate DCM. PMID- 6218703 TI - [Efficacy of nicorandil (SG-75), a substance with nitro-properties and long-term effects in coronary patients: improvement of LV-function and wall motility without pacing-induced myocardial ischemia]. AB - Following trials in Japan, Nicorandil (SG-75) has been introduced as a new antianginal drug with coronary dilatory properties. The effects of 20 mg SG-75 administered sublingually were studied in 9 patients with coronary artery disease and reproducible pacing-induced myocardial ischemia (MIS) (rise in left ventricular enddiastolic pressure, changes in ST-segment, and angina). Changes in heart rate, arterial pressure and angiographic left ventricular ejection parameters, contractility, parameters derived from left ventricular function (ejection fraction, cardiac index, stroke work index) and cardiac work (left ventricular stroke work index, left ventricular work), myocardial oxygen consumption, cardiac efficiency (LVeff), and regional wall motion (RWM) were investigated for the following hemodynamic phases: 7th and 14th minute after SG 75, the immediate postpacing phase without medication (PPP), and the postpacing phase under the influence of SG-75 (PPP + SG). In the 7th and 14th minute after SG-75 and in the absence of stress, there was no variation from control values (p less than 0.05). In the 15th and 16th minute after SG-75 (serum-level control), under pacing stress equivalent to that measured in the PPP, the MIS observed in the absence of medication did not now occur. Moreover, in the PPP + SG-75 phase the following mean parameter changes were noted: ejection fraction +21%, cardiac index +37%, left ventricular stroke work index +48%, left ventricular work +52%, and LVeff +60%; RWM also improved. Prophylaxis of ischemia and improved hemodynamics under the influence of SG-75 were probably due to a decrease in preload (left ventricular enddiastolic pressure -41%) and afterload (stroke volume ratio -29%). Similar changes might have been expected after nitroglycerin, if given under equivalent conditions. Since no harmful effects, either subjective or objective, were apparent during or after application of SG-75, this seems to be a promising drug for the antianginal therapy of the future. PMID- 6218705 TI - [Circulating immune complexes. Determination and clinical significance]. PMID- 6218704 TI - Complement does not play a role in promoting Babesia rodhaini infections in Balb/C mice. AB - A critical role of C3 and the C3b receptor for the erythrocyte invasion and the development of the parasitemia of B. rodhaini in rats has been described recently (Jack and Ward 1980a). In the present study the influence of the C system on B. rodhaini infection in Balb/C mice is documented. Depletion of serum C3 to less than 5% of the normal level by treatment of mice with CoF, the C3 inactivator isolated from cobra venom, did not affect the course of B. rodhaini parasitaemia. Treatment of mice with trypan blue, a reagent that inactivates the C3b receptor on human polymorphonuclear leukocytes, inhibited the development of parasitemia. However, when B. rodhaini parasitized erythrocytes were incubated in vitro with trypan blue and subsequently tested for the in vivo and in vitro replication of the parasites, this old-fashioned therapy for babesiosis in cattle showed its babesiacidal activity. This indicates that the inhibition of parasite development by trypan blue is caused by its parasitotoxicity. These data suggest that the C system does not play an essential role in the development of B. rodhaini infection of the Balb/C mouse. PMID- 6218706 TI - [Use of immunological methods in the oncological clinic]. PMID- 6218707 TI - [Late treatment results with eczematous diseases and psoriasis at the Sochi health resort]. PMID- 6218708 TI - [Dynamics of the serum immunoglobulin level in mycosis of the feet in a hot climate]. PMID- 6218709 TI - [Functional disorders of the skin analyzer and disturbances of the IgE content in acne]. PMID- 6218710 TI - [Dynamics of the immunological reactivity of the miners in Donbass coal mines]. PMID- 6218712 TI - [Treatment of dialysis and hepatitis patients in dental practice]. PMID- 6218711 TI - [Learning of animals during adaptation to altitude and its relations with serotonin metabolism in the brain]. AB - The influence of high altitude (3 200 m) on learning was studied on 104 non linear male rats weighing 120 to 140 g, along with biochemical analysis of serotonin content (5-HT) and noradrenaline (NA) in brain structures. A drastic deterioration in the animals' learning has been established in conditions of high altitude, both with alimentary and pain reinforcement attended with a considerable suppression of the 5-HT and NA brain systems activity. Systematic administration of 5-HTP resulting in an enhanced serotonin level in the cortex and the caudal part of the brainstem, improved the learning process, regardless of the emotional sign of the reinforcing stimulus. The prospect, is being substantiated, of evolving methods preventing pathological implications of external influences of high altitudes on the organism by means of pharmacological actions on monoamines' metabolism. PMID- 6218713 TI - [Chondroprotective and antiarthrotic properties of glycosaminoglycan polysulfate (GAGPS) in gonarthrosis in animal experiments]. AB - In the pharmacotherapy of degenerative joint disease certain chondroprotective drugs are in use. Due to their biochemical properties and mode of action these agents have the power to reduce or stop the catabolic breakdown of articular cartilage in osteoarthrosis. Because of the bradytrophy of human articular cartilage, clinical trials involving such drugs require very lengthy periods of investigations (5-10 years). By the use of a biochemically induced animal model of osteoarthrosis we studied the chondroprotective properties and anti-arthritic potency of glycosaminoglycanpolysulfate (GAGPS; Arteparon) in-vivo. Under reproducible experimental conditions and using quantitative analytical methods (joint space measurements, radiological and macroscopic evaluations) we were able to demonstrate that intraarticular or intramuscular applications of GAGPS can significantly reduce the intensity and progression of joint degeneration. The therapeutic effect of GAGPS was dose-dependent, and noticeable not only in the early stages of experimental osteoarthrosis but also when therapy was begun only in the more advanced phases of joint degeneration. The degenerative effect of locally applied phenylbutazone was counteracted by GAGPS, confirming the chondroprotective potency of this compound. The interesting biochemical and pharmacological properties of GAGPS support and explain the anti-arthritic effects demonstrated in our in-vivo animal model of osteoarthrosis. The pronounced inhibition of cartilage-degrading enzymes by GAGPS and the stimulatory effect of this drug on hyaluronate synthesis may be regarded as important and clinically relevant properties. PMID- 6218714 TI - [Low precious-metal content and mechanical retention of the Inzoma hollow-body structure for metalloceramic bridges]. PMID- 6218715 TI - [The open-palate complete denture in nausea]. PMID- 6218716 TI - [Preparation of the Crozat base. 1. The Jackson bracket (crib)]. PMID- 6218717 TI - [Age changes in the oral region and their prosthetic rehabilitation]. PMID- 6218718 TI - [Single musical influences on patient fears during dental treatment]. PMID- 6218719 TI - [Opportunistic microorganisms: the causative agents of food toxicoinfections and acute intestinal diseases]. AB - The analysis of sporadic morbidity due to acute intestinal infections and toxicoinfections caused by potentially pathogenic microorganisms is presented. The hypothesis stating that different pathogenic agents have different levels of pathogenic potential at a given stage of their evolution is proposed. Microorganisms with a low level of pathogenicity potential are characterized by the prevalence of the syndrome of toxicoinfection and by the rarity or absence of the syndrome of an acute intestinal disease. The prevalence of the latter is characteristic of potentially pathogenic microbes with a high level of pathogenicity potential making them similar to complete parasites. PMID- 6218720 TI - [Significance of persons with different blood groups in the influenza type A epidemic process]. AB - To study the susceptibility of persons with different blood groups to influenza A, the presence of infection in a group of young children placed under constant observation for 6 years (1974-1980) and in a group of donors observed during 1979 1980 was studied in different epidemic situations. The susceptibility of the persons under observation to type A influenza viruses was shown to depend both on the blood group of the subjects and on the properties of circulating viruses. Persons with group B (III) blood were more susceptible to the virus at the period when new antigenic variants and serotypes appeared, persons with group O (I) blood were more susceptible to influenza infection at the period of the circulation of virulent strains, while persons with group A (II) blood were more susceptible at the period when less virulent strains circulated. The susceptibility of persons with different blood groups was found to change as changes in the properties of the strains occurred in the process of their circulation. PMID- 6218722 TI - [Achievements and prospects of infectious disease prevention]. PMID- 6218721 TI - [Nonspecific changes in cellular functions involved in the immune response in viral infections]. PMID- 6218723 TI - [Complex studies in the surveillance of the environmental Vibrio flora in the city of Gorki and Gorki Province]. AB - The analysis of the results of the comprehensive studies (phenotypic and genotypic properties, the precipitation test with the use of spontaneously agglutinating cultures, the determination of the antigenic structure by immunochemical analysis, etc.) carried out during the sanitary microbiological control of the environmental vibrioflora for the last 5 years are presented. Only the combined use of the above-mentioned methods has allowed to ascertain the taxonomic position of atypical cultures. PMID- 6218724 TI - Expression of the replication region of phage lambda DNA cloned into pBR322 in E. coli minicells. AB - Replication region of bacteriophage lambda DNA was cloned into pBR322 plasmid by the use of two restriction enzymes--PstI and HindIII. The restriction analysis of four obtained plasmids revealed that lambda DNA was cloned in both orientations. Recombinant plasmids were transferred to the minicell-producing strain of E. coli and synthesis of the plasmid-mediated proteins was analysed by polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis. All four recombinant plasmids produced lambda DNA replication proteins pO and pP as well as some proteins specific for pBR322. The orientation of cloned fragment did not affect the synthesis of lambda DNA replication proteins. PMID- 6218725 TI - Protection by nicotinamide against streptozotocin-induced reduction in pancreatic TRH. AB - The concentration of thyrotrophin-releasing hormone (TRH) immunoreactivity was determined in pancreatic islets and acini in the rat. In addition, time-course changes in TRH in response to an iv injection of streptozotocin (65 mg/kg body weight) with or without nicotinamide (500 mg/kg body weight) were examined in the whole pancreas. Furthermore, pancreatic TRH was measured in diabetic rats treated with insulin for 3 weeks. The TRH concentration in rat islets was 42-fold higher than in exocrine glands, indicating that the majority of pancreatic TRH is of islet origin. The mean concentration of pancreatic TRH decreased to 60 and 65% of the respective control values at 4 and 7 h after administration of streptozotocin, respectively. AT 24 h, it fell to 10% of control values without significant changes in TRH levels in the hypothalamus and gastrointestinal tract. In contrast, no significant change in pancreatic TRH was noted in rats given combined treatment with streptozotocin and nicotinamide. The injection of streptozotocin alone resulted in severe hypoglycaemia at 7 h and hyperglycaemia at 24 h, whereas neither resulted from the combined treatment. Insulin therapy had no influence on the decreased TRH concentrations in the diabetic pancreas. These results suggest that TRH may be localized to the B cells of pancreatic islets, and that the marked reduction in TRH in diabetic pancreases is not a metabolic consequence of insulin deficiency. PMID- 6218727 TI - [Proliferation and differentiation of granulocyte-macrophage precursors. I. The effects of T lymphocyte subsets]. PMID- 6218726 TI - Regulation of inhibin secretion by Sertoli cell-enriched cultures. AB - Sertoli cells secrete a factor which has the same bioactivity as ovine testicular lymph inhibin: it selectively suppresses the secretion of FSH by cultured pituitary cells. We investigated the factors that acutely modulate the secretion of this inhibin by cultured Sertoli cells derived from immature rats. The secretion of inhibin was studied on day 7 of culture after a 24 h period of incubation in the presence or absence of steroids, gonadotrophins and foetal bovine serum, added alone or in various combinations. It could be demonstrated that aromatisable as well as non-aromatisable natural and synthetic androgens promote the secretion of inhibin in a dose-dependent way. FSH and pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin--at concentrations that clearly stimulate Sertoli cell aromatase activity--did not affect basal or androgen-stimulated production of inhibin. hCG was equally uneffective. The effect of androgens was not modified by the addition of an aromatase inhibitor but it was neutralized by the antiandrogen cyproterone acetate. Oestradiol-17 beta did not influence the secretion of inhibin whereas progesterone decreased it. Serum enhanced basal as well as androgen stimulated secretion of inhibin. It is concluded that androgens are the major factor which acutely stimulates the production of Sertoli cell inhibin. PMID- 6218728 TI - Spondylitis following epidural morphine. A case report. PMID- 6218729 TI - Fine structural histochemistry of myosin-ATPase activity in the skeletal muscles of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. AB - Myosin ATPase activity was fine-structurally examined in various skeletal muscle lesions including atrophy, degenerations, necrosis, "deltashaped subsarcolemmal lesion", and apparently normal fibers from seven patients of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (D M D). The enzyme activity was almost completely lost in the foci of necrosis, and more or less markedly diminished in various kinds of degenerations, while it was well preserved in the apparently normal and simply atrophic fibers. The results suggested that there were two different lesions in wasting of the skeletal muscles in D M D; necrotic process with degenerations in which myosin ATPase activity was affected and simply atrophic process which had little influence on the enzyme activity. The former lesion might be related with direct or indirect damages such as proteolysis, while the latter seemed to be an expression of basically different process such as disuse or denervation, or a more mild expression basically of the same process ultimately resulting in necrosis. PMID- 6218730 TI - Balloon catheter dilatation of stenotic renal artery anastomoses. Experiments in the pig. AB - Stenotic renal artery anastomoses were produced in pigs in order to investigate the effects of transluminal angioplasty. Six weeks after surgery unilateral dilatation with a modern balloon catheter was performed in 8 pigs. These animals were reexamined with angiography and pressure gradient recording 8 to 10 weeks after dilatation and with post-mortem angiography 8 to 10 weeks later. Only 2 arteries had minimal residual stenoses, while in 6 arteries the stenoses were completely eliminated. Microscopic examination showed thinning of the fibrotic vessel wall, with defects in the internal elastic lamina. PMID- 6218731 TI - Vasodilator response in the lower extremity induced by contrast medium. III. Before and after percutaneous transluminal angioplasty. AB - A standardized test series of contrast medium injections was performed in the iliac and femoral arteries to evaluate the immediate effect of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty. The vasodilator response recorded by video dilution technique was correlated to radiographic anatomy and symptomatology. Discrepancy between anatomic success and clinical relief of symptoms was found in 26 per cent of the dilatations. The severity of disease at the trifurcation was more marked in combination with femoral lesions than with corresponding iliac lesions. Rest pain was a common symptom with femoral lesions and rare with iliac lesions. Resting blood flow increased significantly after femoral dilatation but was unaffected by iliac dilatations. The video dilution technique provided an accurate staging of the severity of obstructive disease, and was an excellent predictor of subsequent symptomatic success or failure of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty. PMID- 6218732 TI - Histoenzymatic pattern of adenosine triphosphatase in the different components of the alimentary canal in some common earthworms and its possible physiological significance. AB - The present contribution incorporates an account of the distribution of adenosine triphosphatase and its functional role in various regions of the alimentary canal of Pheretima posthuma and Barogaster annandalei. The main areas, showing adenosine triphosphatase activity in P. posthuma are sub-epithelial blood vessels in pharynx, peri-oesophageal blood vessels in oesophagus, columnar epithelial cells of gizzard and in the areas outside the typhlosole and around the supra intestinal excretory ducts. In B. annandalei the epithelial cells of gizzard show significant enzymatic localization. In addition to this, enzymatic activity has also been found in the deeply embedded blood vessels of buccal region, peri oesophageal vasculature, sub-epithelial vasculature of typhlosole and intestine, and in the adjoining chloragogen cells. Physiological significance of the enzymatic pattern has been discussed. PMID- 6218733 TI - [Recent data on neuromuscular spindles and the neuron control of mastication]. PMID- 6218734 TI - The role of helper monocytes in mitogenic activation of human T-lymphocyte subpopulations. PMID- 6218735 TI - The impact of immunology on medicine. PMID- 6218736 TI - Activation of tumoricidal and/or suppressor macrophages: different stimulatory signals trigger either function both in vivo and in vitro. PMID- 6218737 TI - Analysis of myogenesis with recombinant DNA techniques. AB - Recombinant phages containing the rat skeletal muscle alpha-actin gene and the cytoplasmic beta-actin gene were isolated and the structure of these genes was determined. Both genes contain a large intron in the 5' untranslated region and smaller introns at codons 41, 267 and 327. In addition, the alpha-actin contains introns at codons 150 and 204 not present in the beta-actin gene, whereas the beta-actin gene contains an intron at codon 121. The evolutionary aspects of these findings are discussed. Active genes are organized in chromatin in a conformation which renders them preferentially sensitive to digestion with nucleolytic enzymes. The DNAase I sensitivity of genes programmed to be expressed during myogenesis was tested in a cloned cell population of a myogenic cell line. It was found that these genes are not preferentially sensitive to DNAase I in the chromatin of proliferating mononucleated cells. They become DNAase I sensitive during terminal differentiation. PMID- 6218738 TI - [Mucopolysaccharides in the trabecular meshwork--light and electron microscopic autoradiography]. PMID- 6218739 TI - Myocardial mechanics of athletic hearts in comparison with diseased hearts. AB - Parameters of myocardial mechanics were measured by means of echocardiography in 31 competitive runners and 17 judo (Japanese wrestling) champions and were then compared with those in 25 normal control subjects, 15 patients with volume overloaded (aortic regurgitation, AR) and 13 with pressure-overloaded (hypertension, HT) hearts, 14 patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), and 11 patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). In runners, the ratio of left ventricular radius to wall thickness (R/Th) was maintained in the normal range, but fractional shortening (FS) and decreased slightly (p less than 0.01). Patients with decompensated DCM and AR had an increased R/Th (p less than 0.001) and a decreased FS (p less than 0.001). In judo champions, FS was maintained in the normal range, but R/Th had decreased (p less than 0.001). In patients with HT, R/Th had decreased slightly (p less than 0.05), but FS and peak systolic wall stress were maintained in the normal range. In patients with HCM, FS was maintained in the normal range, but R/Th had decreased (p less than 0.001). It is concluded that, at rest, hearts of runners are cardiomechanically similar to those of patients with compensated AR or DCM and probably have greater cardiac reserve, whereas hearts of judo champions are similar to those of HCM patients with inappropriate hypertrophy. PMID- 6218740 TI - Supravalvular aortic stenosis. A 20-year clinical perspective and experience with patch aortoplasty. AB - Supravalvular aortic stenosis has a wide range of clinical and morphologic expression. Since 1961, 25 patients (aged 1 to 49 years) with documented supravalvular aortic stenosis have been evaluated. Seven (28%) had Williams' syndrome, 5 (20%) had a familial form of supravalvular aortic stenosis, and 13 (52%) had a sporadic form. A blood pressure difference of greater than 10 mm Hg between the arms was noted in 65% of the patients. Angiographically, 19 (76%) had segmental supravalvular narrowing; 6 (24%) had diffuse narrowing of the ascending aorta. Sixteen patients underwent patch aortoplasty. At surgery, portions of the aortic valve cusps were frequently attached to supravalvular tissue. This "cusp tuck" resulted in distinctive angiographic features and influenced the results of corrective surgery. Three surgical deaths occurred in the early 1960s-2 with diffuse narrowing of the aorta. Of the remaining 12 patients, followed for 1 to 12 years, 10 are asymptomatic, 1 has angina, and 1 died from cancer. All 8 patients who underwent postoperative catheterization had a thick band between the left and right coronary sinus which represented persistent attachment of portions of the aortic valve cusps to residual supravalvular tissue (cusp tuck). This resulted in aortic valvular gradients (23 to 48 mm Hg) in 4 patients and aortic valvular insufficiency in 2 patients. No significant supravalvular gradient was noted. The 20-year experience with supravalvular aortic stenosis reported herein emphasizes a wide range of clinical and morphologic expression, the benefits and limitations of patch aortoplasty, and the importance of postoperative cardiac catheterization, and furthers the understanding of a complex clinical syndrome. PMID- 6218742 TI - Myocardial function in Rocky Mountain spotted fever: echocardiographic assessment. AB - Nine patients with Rocky Mountain spotted fever underwent M-mode echocardiographic examination. Increased left ventricular dimension was found in 2 patients and decreased left ventricular shortening fraction in 7. Diminished mean velocity of circumferential fiber shortening, increased left ventricular systolic time intervals ratio, and increased mitral valve E point to ventricular septal separation were found in 6 patients. One patient died and at necropsy diffuse myocarditis was present. Repeat echocardiographic examination was available in the remaining 8 patients at follow-up (mean 10 months). Abnormal E mitral point to ventricular septal separation remained in 3 patients and decreased left ventricular shortening fraction in 2; in 1 there was also increased left ventricular end-diastolic dimension. Thus abnormal left ventricular function and chamber enlargement are frequently present in patients with Rocky Mountain spotted fever. PMID- 6218741 TI - Coronary vascular reserve in left ventricular hypertrophy secondary to chronic aortic regurgitation. AB - Coronary vascular reserve was studied in 11 patients with severe chronic aortic regurgitation (AR). Nineteen patients with the chest pain syndrome and normal findings on cardiac catheterization served as control subjects. Resting coronary sinus flow and contrast-agent-induced hyperemia were measured by continuous thermodilution. Left ventricular (LV) dimensions and mass were obtained echocardiographically. All patients had normal coronary arteries. Resting coronary flow was increased and coronary reserve was decreased in patients with AR compared with the control subjects: 310 +/- 38 versus 121 +/- 13 ml/min and 56 +/- 9 versus 86 +/- 7.5%, respectively. The decrease in coronary vascular reserve correlated with the increase in LV mass (r = -0.86, p = 0.001) and LV wall thickness (r = -0.83, p = 0.002) and with the decrease in LV volume/mass ratio (r = 0.761, p = 0.007). There was no significant correlation between the decrease in coronary vascular reserve and LV volume (r = 0.255), LV peak wall stress (r = 0.292), LV systolic pressure (r = -0.495), aortic or LV diastolic pressure (r = 0.322 and -0.318, respectively), or aortic-LV diastolic gradient, nor with the voltage on the electrocardiogram (limb leads r = -0.60, precordial leads r = 0.118). Thus, coronary vascular reserve is decreased in proportion to the degree of left ventricular hypertrophy in patients with chronic AR. Patients with angina pectoris tended to have a lower coronary vascular reserve than those without angina (median 26 versus 76%, difference not significant). LV wall thickness and not LV volume is the critical component of left ventricular mass related to coronary reserve. No significant correlation between the decrease in coronary vascular reserve and the presence of angina pectoris was demonstrated. PMID- 6218744 TI - Serial changes in left ventricular function after correction of chronic aortic regurgitation. Dependence on early changes in preload and subsequent regression of hypertrophy. PMID- 6218743 TI - Cardiac performance in thyrotoxicosis: analysis of 10 untreated patients. AB - This study attempts to define cardiac performance at rest and during exercise in patients with untreated thyrotoxicosis. We studied 7 women and 3 men, aged 23 to 59 years (40 +/- 10, mean +/- standard deviation [SD]) and compared the results with those obtained in 12 normal subjects. In patients with thyrotoxicosis, the rhythm was sinus and the only untoward symptom was palpitations; the resting electrocardiographic results were normal in 8 patients and showed left ventricular hypertrophy in 2 patients; the left ventricular ejection fraction and volumes (measured by radionuclide ventriculography) were normal at rest. During exercise, 1 patient had dyspnea and 7 had leg fatigue; 2 were asymptomatic. Also, 7 patients had greater than or equal to 5% increase in left ventricular ejection fraction, 2 had no change, and 1 had a decrease. In all 10 patients, the exercise ejection fraction was greater than or equal to 60%. All normal subjects had a greater than or equal to 5% increase in ejection fraction during exercise. There were no significant differences at rest between patients with thyrotoxicosis and normal subjects in blood pressure, ejection fraction, end-diastolic volume, stroke volume, end-systolic volume, or cardiac output, but the heart rate was significantly higher in patients with thyrotoxicosis (91 +/- 10 versus 80 +/- 12 beats/min, p less than 0.05). During exercise, there were no significant differences between patients with thyrotoxicosis and normal subjects in blood pressure, end-diastolic volume, stroke volume, end-systolic volume, or cardiac output. The exercise ejection fraction was significantly lower in patients with thyrotoxicosis than in normal subjects (68 +/- 10% versus 75 +/- 4%, p less than 0.05). Cardiac performance is normal at rest in patients with thyrotoxicosis, but during exercise abnormal left ventricular reserve occurs in some patients. PMID- 6218745 TI - Quantitative morphologic findings of the myocardium in idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. AB - This study assesses the relation between quantitative morphologic findings and left ventricular contractile function in patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. Left ventricular endomyocardial catheter biopsy specimens were obtained from 73 patients during diagnostic heart catheterization. All patients had normal coronary arteriograms but abnormal electrocardiograms. Twenty-six patients had normal left ventricular function (ejection fraction greater than or equal to 55%), whereas 47 patients had contractile dysfunction (ejection fraction less than or equal to 54%). Myocardial fiber diameter, volume fraction of interstitial fibrosis, and intracellular volume fraction of myofibrils were determined by light microscopic morphometry. Results of light microscopic morphometry were confirmed by electron microscopic morphometry in 12 patients. The coefficient of variation (analysis of several biopsies from the same patient) was 6% for determination of fiber diameter, 43% for interstitial fibrosis, and 3% for volume fraction of myofibrils. Fiber diameter (r = -0.32, p less than 0.01) and fibrosis (r = -0.47, p less than 0.001) showed a negative correlation, the volume fraction of myofibrils (r = 0.55, p less than 0.001) and calculated myofibrillar mass per 100 g of myocardium (r = 0.64, p less than 0.001) a positive correlation with the ejection fraction. Thus, (1) sampling error is low for determination of fiber diameter and myofibrils but high for evaluation of fibrosis, and (2) a reduction in the volume fraction of myofibrils and an increase in fibrosis are morphologic correlates of left ventricular dysfunction in patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. PMID- 6218746 TI - Significance of ventricular tachycardia in idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy: observations in 35 patients. AB - To evaluate the significance of ventricular tachycardia (VT) in idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (IDC), 35 consecutive patients seen between 1976 and 1980 were studied. The criteria for diagnosis of IDC were based on clinical, laboratory, and cardiac catheterization findings. All patients had right and left heart catheterization, left ventriculography, and coronary cineangiography. Long term ambulatory electrocardiograms (Holter) were obtained in all patients at the time of diagnosis. There were 24 male and 11 female patients aged 22 to 72 years (mean +/- standard deviation [SD]51 +/- 12). Frequent ventricular premature beats (VPB) (30/h) were observed in 29 patients (83%): complex VPB (Lown grades 3, 4, and 5) in 93% and simple VPB in 7%. Twenty-one patients (60%) had nonsustained VT consisting of 3 to 46 beats (8 +/- 5) with rates from 75 to 210/min. No difference between patients with and those without VT was observed in regard to the presenting symptoms, functional classification, electrocardiographic findings, heart size on chest X-ray, and the hemodynamic measurements including cardiac index, left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, and ejection fraction. Patients with VT were older (p less than 0.05). Follow-up observation from 4 to 74 months (34 +/- 17) showed that 2 patients died suddenly (1 with and 1 without previous VT), a third patient died from intractable congestive heart failure, and the fourth from sepsis. It is concluded that (1) the incidence of ventricular arrhythmias in IDC is high, (2) VT is frequent and tends to occur in the nonsustained form, and (3) there is no correlation between VT and the clinical and hemodynamic findings. VT does not appear to predict prognosis during a relatively short follow-up period in patients with IDC. PMID- 6218747 TI - Juxtaductal aortic coarctation. Analysis of 84 patients studied hemodynamically, angiographically, and morphologically after age 1 year. AB - Although many studies of juxtaductal coarctation of the aorta have been reported, none has correlated clinical, hemodynamic, angiographic, anatomic, and operative findings. Of 84 patients (62 male and 22 female; age range, 1 to 49 years [mean 17]), all had murmurs; 76 had absent, diminished, or delayed femoral pulsations; 50 had cuff systolic blood pressures in the arm greater than 140 mm Hg, and 30 had diastolic pressures greater than 90 mm Hg. The average pressure gradients (mm Hg) by direct measurements above and below the coarctation in 35 patients were peak systolic, 45; mean, 17; and diastolic, 5. Rib notching, visible in chest roentgenograms in 43 patients, correlated directly with age and inversely with the diameter of the coarctation. Moderate or marked cardiomegaly by radiograph was present in only 1 of 48 patients with isolated coarctation and in 17 of 36 with associated cardiovascular malformations. Electrocardiograms were abnormal in more than two thirds of patients with associated anomalies, but were normal in more than three fourths of those with isolated coarctation. In 70 excised, serially sectioned coarctations the aortic lumens were completely occluded in 4 patients, up to 0.5 mm in internal diameter in 22 patients, from 0.6 to 2 mm in 26 patients, from 2.1 to 5 mm in 14, and greater than 5 mm in 4, and correlated directly with lumens measured angiographically. The most significant anatomic factor causing the coarctation was invagination of the media from the posterior aortic wall, but intimal proliferation (jet lesion) at and immediately distal to the invagination contributed to the narrowing. Three (each with associated anomalies) of 70 patients died early after coarctation repair. Systolic or diastolic blood pressures decreased early postoperatively in 58 (87%) of 67 surviving patients, and both pressures decreased in 42 (63%). Late postoperatively (mean follow-up, 4.7 years), the systolic blood pressure remained elevated in 25% of patients. PMID- 6218748 TI - Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of congenital coarctation of the aorta. AB - Two cases of successful dilatation of congenital coarctation of the aorta using the Gruntzig technique are reported. In a 3-week-old boy and an 11-month-old girl, systolic gradients across the narrowed areas were lowered from 50 to 8 mm Hg and from 23 to 8 mm Hg. Although the femoral pulses later disappeared in the younger patient, surgery was avoided. The second patient's gradient has remained minimal for 8 months and no surgery has been performed. PMID- 6218749 TI - Exercise-induced cardiac dysfunction in sickle cell anemia. A radionuclide study. AB - Cardiac performance was studied by radionuclide angiography at rest and during exercise in 22 adolescents with sickle cell (SC) anemia and the results were compared with those in 12 control subjects. At rest, cardiac contractility was normal; cardiac output and end-diastolic volume were increased. At maximal exercise, heart rate, cardiac output response, and work capacity were reduced; the reduction was related to the degree of anemia. Left ventricular end-diastolic volume decreased with exercise most markedly in patients with ischemic exercise electrocardiograms. An abnormal ejection fraction response to exercise occurred in 4 patients; electrocardiographic signs of ischemia developed in all 4, and wall motion abnormalities in 2. Those patients who had electrocardiographic signs of ischemia had a significantly lower heart rate, ejection fraction, and cardiac output response to exercise, and a lower hematocrit level than subjects with normal results on exercise electrocardiography. The increase in cardiac output was not sufficient to maintain a normal level of exercise. The decrease in end diastolic volume suggests that diastolic function was abnormal during exercise. Cardiac dysfunction was manifested by an abnormal ejection fraction response, wall motion abnormalities, and incomplete left ventricular filling during exercise. PMID- 6218750 TI - Folate malabsorption in aged rats related to low levels of pancreatic folyl conjugase. AB - Folate absorption and transport were studied in young (2 to 3 months) and aged (28 to 30 months) rats. From studies of the rise in serum folate levels after ingestion and transport across everted intestinal segments it was concluded that the absorption of dietary polyglutamyl folates was impaired in aged animals. Simple folates (monoglutamyl pteroates) were utilized equally well in both age groups. Decreased hydrolysis of polyglutamylfolates to simple forms have been observed in the aged group. High folyl conjugase (pteroyl gamma-glutamyl hydrolase) levels are induced in pancreas as a response to dietary folate intake; the conjugase is secreted into the gut lumen where enzyme levels rise sequentially reaching maximum in the midgut region within 30 to 60 min after folate ingestion. The rise in serum folate after folate ingestion parallels the rise in luminal folyl conjugase. Pancreatic and luminal conjugases (but not mucosal conjugase) have similar pH optima. It is suggested that dietary folates are preferentially hydrolyzed to absorbable forms by a luminal folyl conjugase which is of pancreatic origin. The overall enzyme levels are much lower in pancreas of the aged rats, leading to reduced availability of absorbable dietary folates and resulting in folate malabsorption in these animals. It is suggested that the intestinal mucosal conjugase does not play a significant role in the physiological absorption of dietary folates. PMID- 6218751 TI - Localization of osteoid osteomas--use of radionuclide scanning and autoimaging in identifying the nidus. AB - Surgical excision of osteoid osteomas is curative, but intraoperative localization and pathologic identification in submitted fragments may be difficult. We used preoperative technetium-99m methylene diphosphonate injection and intraoperative probing to localize the nidus of three clinically suspected cases of osteoid osteoma. Then in the pathology department, fine grain specimen x rays and specimen autoimaging on undeveloped film were utilized. In all cases, technetium radioactivity localized within the lesion. Although the nidus was identified by fine grain specimen x-rays in only one case, the subsequent histologically proved osteoid osteoma corresponded in all cases to the fragment with the most intense autoimaging. We conclude that isotope scanning is effective in localizing osteoid osteomas at surgery, and autoimaging is effective in identifying the nidus itself by the pathologist. PMID- 6218752 TI - Chromosome abnormalities and spontaneous fetal death following amniocentesis: further data and associations with maternal age. AB - The pooled results are presented of two North American surveys concerning spontaneous fetal deaths of conceptuses with cytogenetic abnormalities diagnosed prenatally whose mothers had declined elective abortion. The rate of fetal death of those with nonmosaic genotypes associated with Down syndrome was 30.1% (95% confidence interval of 19.0%-42.0%), which is almost identical with the difference of 30% previously estimated between rates observed at amniocentesis and in live births. The fetal death rate for (nonmosaic) 47,+18 was 68.0% (95% confidence interval of 46.5%-85.1%), close to the estimated difference of 75% between rates at amniocentesis and in live births for this genotype. For other nonmosaic genotypes, the rates (and 95% confidence intervals) were: 47,+13, 42.9% (9.9%-81.6%); 47,XXX, 0% (0%-9.0%); 47,XXY, 8.1% (0.8%-11.0%); 47,XYY, 3.0% (.08% 15.8%); for balanced translocations and inversions, 2.8% (0.3%-9.8%); and for markers, variants, and fragments, 0% (0%-12.8%). For 45,X, the rate was 75.0% (42.8%-94.5%), in contrast to the rate for 46,XX/45,X of 10.5% (1.3%-33.1%) and for structural X abnormalities associated with Turner syndrome of 0% (0%-60.2%). The rate for nonmosaic 45,X is significantly different from that for either of the other two categories associated with Turner syndrome. The maternal age of nonmosaic 47,+21 fetuses that survived to live birth was 39.1 +/- 6.2, not significantly different from the rate for fetal deaths: 39.5 +/- 3.8. The observations provide no support for opposing hypotheses by other groups that maternal age is positively or negatively associated with fetal death of 47,+21 conceptuses. For other chromosome abnormalities, maternal ages of fetal deaths are slightly lower than for live births, but none of the differences are significant. The rates of spontaneous fetal deaths derived here are likely to be pertinent to genetic counseling. Their use in adjusting the rates of abnormalities diagnosed at amniocentesis will enable derivation of predicted contemporary live-birth prevalence rates of abnormalities that would be observed in absence of selective abortion. PMID- 6218753 TI - The combined effects of FUdR addition and methionine depletion on the X chromosome fragile site. AB - The fragile site on the X chromosome [fra(X)] associated with mental retardation is not normally seen in lymphocytes cultured in media containing folic acid or lacking methionine. The requirement for methionine has been taken to mean that amino acid metabolism or one-carbon transfer via S-adenosyl-methionine is most important in fra(X) expression. The inhibitory effect of folic acid can be overcome, as we have shown, by the addition of 5'-fluorodeoxyuridine (FUdR) to the culture medium, suggesting that depletion of dTMP available for DNA synthesis is most important in expression. We tested the combined effects of FUdR addition and methionine depletion on the fra(X). We found expression of the fra(X), indicating that methionine per se is not necessary for expression. Our work supports the suggestion that expression of the fra(X) is due to specific limitation of the dTMP pool available for DNA synthesis. PMID- 6218754 TI - Nephrotic syndrome and immune complex glomerulonephritis associated with chlorpropamide therapy. AB - Therapeutic drugs are well-recognized as a cause of the nephrotic syndrome in humans. However, documentation of the renal histopathologic features is lacking or incomplete in many cases. Even when accurate histopathologic information is available, there is little evidence to support a specific pathogenetic mechanism of renal injury in the vast majority of cases. We describe a patient with diabetes who had hepatitis and dermatitis in association with the use of chlorpropamide. In addition to these well-described toxic reactions to this drug, the nephrotic syndrome developed. Renal biopsy revealed the presence of a proliferative glomerulonephritis that was shown to be of an immune complex nature on immunofluorescence and electronmicroscopic study. Serial serum complement levels and circulating immune complex levels were consistent with an immunologically mediated reaction. Repeated renal biopsy documented resolution of the renal changes. Thus, in this patient, a drug-induced nephrotic syndrome was associated with a proliferative glomerulonephritis, probably due to the formation of immune complexes. PMID- 6218755 TI - Comparative study of piperacillin versus cefoxitin in the treatment of obstetric and gynecologic infections. AB - Piperacillin sodium (Pipracil, Lederle Laboratories, Wayne, New Jersey), a new semisynthetic penicillin, demonstrated in vitro activity against a broad spectrum of clinical pathogens. It is active against most strains of the clinically important gram-negative aerobic or facultative bacteria and against virtually all the clinically important anaerobic organisms, including Bacteroides fragilis and Bacteroides bivius. This broad antibacterial spectrum suggested that piperacillin might be an effective single antimicrobial agent for the treatment of mixed aerobic/anaerobic infections in obstetric and gynecologic patients. In this study, the clinical efficacy and safety of piperacillin was compared with that of cefoxitin in the management of pelvic infections. There were 23 patients in the piperacillin group (acute salpingitis, 12; endomyometritis, 7; pelvic cellulitis, 2; tuboovarian abscess, 2) and 25 patients in the cefoxitin group (acute salpingitis, 13; endomyometritis, 10; tuboovarian abscess, 2). An average of six bacteria were isolated from each patient. Aerobic bacteria only were recovered from 12.5%, anaerobic bacteria only in 6.5%, and both aerobic and anaerobic bacteria were present in 82.5% of patients. Overall, 21 of 23 (91%) of the piperacillin treatment group and 23 of 25 (92%) of the cefoxitin group responded to therapy with antimicrobial agents alone. The major cause of failure was the presence of an abscess. Piperacillin was shown to be an effective single agent for the management of pelvic infections caused by mixed aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. In addition, piperacillin proved to be safe and well tolerated. PMID- 6218756 TI - Identification of T lymphocytes in ocular adnexal neoplasms by hybridoma monoclonal antibodies. AB - We performed indirect immunofluorescence with the OKT series of hybridoma monoclonal antibodies in order to determine the total number of T cells and their subset distribution, that is, the percentages of helper (OKT3+T4+T8-) and suppressor/cytotoxic (OKT3+T4-T8+) T cells, in 28 ocular adnexal lymphoid neoplasms. OKT3+T4+ (helper) T cells vastly predominated in each of ten benign, polyclonal ocular lymphoid proliferations. The helper-suppressor T-cell ratio (T4 8) ranged from 2.5 to 8.2 (mean, 5.4) in these ten cases. In comparison, the mean T4-T8 ratio in 24 benign reactive lymph nodes was 3.4. These findings strongly suggested that the polyclonal ocular lymphoid proliferations represent a T-cell antigen-dependent response characterized by a proliferation of helper T cells, which in turn drive B cells to proliferate and to differentiate, eventually resulting in the formation of a clinically detectable tumor. The mean T4-T8 ratio was 2.3 in 18 ocular and in 16 nodal monoclonal B-cell proliferations, suggesting that the benign T cells in these proliferations represent a residual cell population rather than a distinctive subset originating in response to the B-cell neoplasm. PMID- 6218757 TI - A technique for the simultaneous measurement of nasal and oral respiration. AB - A technique is developed which for the first time enables the direct and simultaneous measurement of inspired and expired air, both orally and nasally. The apparatus for such measurement consists of a Plexiglas chamber in which the subject's head is enclosed. Attached is a series of valves, flowmeters, differential air pressure transducers, and a physiography for the recording of respiratory activity. The apparatus used in data collection is described. The reliability of the instrument is established. The analysis of the physiographic record is explained and illustrated by data from six trials. The use of this technique to describe respiratory mode is discussed, together with indications for its future use in orthodontics and other research areas. PMID- 6218759 TI - Role of adrenals on development of pressure-induced myocardial hypertrophy. AB - The effect of coarctation of the abdominal aorta (AC) and of sham operation (SO) on the development of myocardial hypertrophy was studied in three groups of male rats, i.e., a group without treatment prior to AC or SO (untreated), a group with bilateral adrenalectomy (ADX) 5-7 days before AC or SO, and a group in which the adrenal medulla was removed (MDX) 5-7 days before AC or SO. MDX resulted in functional elimination of the adrenal medulla without apparent effect on cortical function. The animals were killed 7-10 days after AC or SO. AC produced carotid blood pressure (CBP) increases of 33, 31, and 25 mmHg in the untreated, ADX, and MDX groups, respectively. Ventricular weight (HW), ventricular RNA concentration, and RNA-to-DNA ratio increased significantly after AC only in the untreated and MDX groups. In the ADX group, hypertension was followed by an increase in HW that could be detected only after normalization for body weight. It is concluded that absence of the adrenal gland significantly reduces the development of pressure induced myocardial hypertrophy. Apparently, this is due to the absence of the adrenal cortex and not absence of the adrenal medulla. PMID- 6218758 TI - Tubular capacity of phosphate transport in phosphate-deprived rats: effects of nicotinamide and PTH. AB - The present study tested the hypothesis that nicotinamide and/or parathyroid hormone (PTH) would reverse the resistance of phosphate-deprived rats to the phosphaturic effects of phosphate infusions by reducing the tubular capacity for phosphate transport. The response to progressively increasing rates of phosphate infusion (1, 2, and 3 mumol/min) was evaluated in thyroparathyroidectomized (TPTX) rats fed low phosphate diet (0.07%) for 4 days and treated with either vehicle or nicotinamide 2 h before the experiment. Following phosphate infusions, phosphate excretion was unchanged in vehicle-treated rats but increased progressively in nicotinamide-treated rats to 60% of the final rate of infusion. In a second series conducted in the presence of exogenous PTH, vehicle-treated rats responded to phosphate infusions by increasing phosphate excretion to 80-90% of the rate of infusion. In the presence of both nicotinamide and PTH, the rate of phosphate excretion matched the rate of infusion. Vehicle-treated rats displayed the highest reabsorptive rates without reaching a transport maximum, whereas a lower maximum reabsorptive rate was evident in nicotinamide-treated rats. However, in both groups given PTH, not only was the transport maximum lower but it declined with further increases in filtered load. We conclude that nicotinamide and PTH reverse the effects of dietary phosphate deprivation by decreasing the tubular capacity for phosphate transport. PMID- 6218760 TI - Effect of p-chlorophenylalanine on thermoregulation in unrestrained rats. AB - p-Chlorophenylalanine (PCPA), a serotonin depletor, was used to investigate thermoregulation of unrestrained unanesthetized rats exposed to warm (approximately 32 degrees C) and cold (approximately 3 degrees C) environments. PCPA (300 mg/kg, ip) was administered approximately 48-96 h prior to the experimental trials. After 60 min of warm exposure, PCPA-treated rats had a significantly smaller increase in mean tail temperature (3.05 degrees C) and a greater increase in mean core temperature (1.47 degrees C) than did the control rats (6.13 and 1.20 degrees C, respectively) as measured via chronically implanted thermistors. A noninvasive method, infrared photography, was also used to monitor skin temperatures following heat exposure. Changes were qualitatively similar to those seen with thermistors, although differences between control and PCPA-treated groups were not statistically significant. During cold exposure, thermistor measurements indicated that the decrease in mean core temperature of the PCPA-treated rats (0.62 degrees C) did significantly differ from that of the controls (1.11 degrees C), whereas tail temperatures did not. These data confirm other studies implicating serotonin in the thermoregulation of rats. In particular, these results show that in a warm environment, PCPA may alter, albeit subtly, peripheral vasodilation in unrestrained rats. PMID- 6218761 TI - Preperitoneal abdominal wound repair: incidence of dehiscence. AB - Preperitoneal abdominal wound repair in 100 consecutive patients who required midline laparotomy resulted in one case of wound dehiscence. The risk of dehiscence did not increase with the use of vertical midline abdominal incisions repaired without inclusion of the peritoneum. Avoidance of suture penetration of the peritoneum may result in a reduction in postoperative adhesions and intestinal obstruction without increasing the risk of wound dehiscence. PMID- 6218762 TI - Continuous regional chemotherapy for metastatic colorectal cancer using a totally implantable infusion pump. A feasibility study in 50 patients. PMID- 6218763 TI - A new button for retention suture fixation. AB - A button that may be snapped on and off the end of a retention suture has been described. It allows the tension on the suture to be adjusted easily, increases patient comfort, and avoids circumferential compression of the wound. PMID- 6218764 TI - [Cellular immunity factors in the physiological course of pregnancy and abortion]. PMID- 6218765 TI - Anaesthesia in Huntington's chorea. PMID- 6218766 TI - [Achievements of anesthesiology and resuscitation in the RSFSR]. PMID- 6218767 TI - Different immunoregulatory functions of T lymphocytes responding in autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction between allergic patients and normals. AB - In order to clarify the self-regulatory functions of T lymphocytes in allergic patients, the autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction (AMLR) was studied in 35 asthmatic children with elevated serum IgE. Twelve normals were included as control. The mononuclear cells (MNC's) of allergic patients produced much larger amount of IgE than did the MNC's of normals, but the capability of IgG production and blastogenic response to phytohemagglutinin (PHA) was similar between these two groups. There was no difference in the proliferative response of T lymphocytes to autologous non-T-cells between patients and normals, but the autoreactive T lymphocytes from normals were able to suppress the in vitro IgE biosynthesis and blastogenic response to PHA of fresh autologous MNC's, whereas those from allergic patients enhanced, rather than suppressed, both immunologic phenomena. It is therefore concluded that the apparent difference in the immunoregulatory properties of T lymphocytes responding in AMLR between allergic patients and normals may be used to partly explain the augmented IgE production in atopic individuals. PMID- 6218768 TI - Comparison of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and dacron as long, small-diameter arterial grafts in dogs. AB - A canine model in which joined carotid arteries were anastomosed to 6-mm grafts (average length, 45 cm) of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) or Dacron double velour and the grafts were anastomosed to the ligated distal abdominal aorta was used to study long-term graft patency. The 16 dogs with PTFE grafts and the 15 dogs with Dacron grafts were sacrificed at three-, six-, and 12-month intervals, or whenever a graft occluded. At three months, eight of 11 PTFE and 11 of 11 Dacron grafts were patent; at six months, two of three PTFE and three of three Dacron grafts were patent; at 12 months, one of two PTFE grafts and the one remaining Dacron graft were patent. All grafts were examined grossly and microscopically. The PTFE grafts showed increasing degrees of calcification and intimal fibrin deposition; the Dacron grafts had no calcification and less intimal fibrin deposition. The model was satisfactory for studying long, small-diameter vascular grafts, but PTFE was not found to be superior to Dacron in this study. PMID- 6218769 TI - Isotopic identification of intestinal strangulation. AB - A small series of eleven dogs prepared with a strangulating segment of jejunum demonstrated that a radionuclide, 99mTc-labelled albumin, concentrates in the lumen and bowel wall of the affected intestinal segment. Modern scanning equipment accurately localized the strangulating loop. This technique has the potential of identifying patients with intestinal obstruction, in whom strangulation is a factor, prior to the development of impaired arterial inflow and frank gangrene. These findings confirmed earlier obstructions that were reported when nuclear scanning instrumentation was less sophisticated. Identification of patients at risk for intestinal strangulation requires a high index of suspicion. Excruciating cramping abdominal pain out of proportion to physical findings, roentgenogram evidence, and laboratory studies should alert the physician to the possibility of intestinal ischemia and closed loop obstruction. Radionuclide scanning in such cases may be of assistance in defining or excluding the diagnosis of a strangulating mechanism. The test is simple, relatively economical, and represents a low risk procedure to patients. It would have no place when the classic physical and laboratory findings of intestinal infarction are present. PMID- 6218770 TI - [Substitution of venous segments by use of synthetic prostheses]. PMID- 6218772 TI - Organization and cell cycle regulation of human histone genes. PMID- 6218771 TI - [Treatment of gonococcal infections: current information]. PMID- 6218773 TI - [Filiform palmoplantar hyperkeratosis and visceral neoplasia]. PMID- 6218774 TI - [Immunologic study of 58 children with trisomy 21]. PMID- 6218775 TI - The effect of wall mechanical properties on patency of arterial grafts. AB - Normal arteries have properties which match the low output impedance of the heart to the high peripheral impedance. These properties can be assessed in terms of compliance (% diameter change per unit pressure change) as well as by other haemodynamic parameters. Experiments were designed using vein, Dacron and expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) in a low flow canine femoral artery bypass model. No graft group achieved perfect patency. At twelve weeks 80% of vein grafts, 30% of Dacron grafts, and 15% of PTFE grafts remained patent. The compliance of vein grafts was maintained despite marked thickening of the wall. Patency was correlated at a highly significant level with compliance. The studies demonstrate that the matching of the mechanical properties of grafts to host arteries is important in the design of successful synthetic arterial grafts. PMID- 6218777 TI - Low level radiation and genetic risk estimation in man. PMID- 6218776 TI - Superficial acupuncture in the relief of chronic low back pain. AB - A single-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial of superficial acupuncture in the treatment of low back pain was carried out by comparing 8 patients treated by acupuncture with 9 patients treated by placebo. In all five measures of efficacy chosen for study the acupuncture group achieved better responses than the placebo group; four of the five inter-group differences were statistically significant. In addition, an overall mean for all five measures combined showed significant superiority of acupuncture over placebo. PMID- 6218778 TI - Emergence of resistance to beta-lactam and aminoglycoside antibiotics during moxalactam therapy of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections. AB - In four patients with Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections, the infecting strain developed resistance to moxalactam during therapy with this drug. In addition, P. aeruginosa isolates from two of these four patients showed increased resistance to aminoglycosides. Isolates from a third patient acquired cross-resistance to other antipseudomonal beta-lactams. In three of the cases, disk susceptibility tests failed to detect the resistance that was demonstrated in broth dilution assays. Isolate identities were confirmed by serotyping. No new plasmids were found by agarose gel electrophoresis. The mechanisms for this resistance did not involve enzymatic antibiotic degradation. These findings suggest that currently available expanded-spectrum cephalosporin derivatives should probably not be used alone for most serious infections due to P. aeruginosa. They also suggest that strains with multiple antibiotic resistance may become more prevalent in hospitals if these drugs are used extensively. PMID- 6218779 TI - Determination of cefoperazone concentration in serum and muscle tissue with a versatile high-pressure liquid chromatographic method. AB - A rapid, specific, and reproducible high-pressure liquid chromatographic method was developed for the determination of cefoperazone concentration in serum and tissue. The assay uses a simple methanol extraction, with cefoxitin as the internal standard. The limits of detection are 1 to 150 micrograms/ml; the maximum coefficient of variation is 7.4%. Using the same chromatography column, muBondapak phenyl, and mobile-phase 0.005 M tetrabutylammonium buffer acetonitrile (80:20), the method can be easily adapted for the analysis of cefoxitin and moxalactam. PMID- 6218780 TI - Iron requirement in the bactericidal mechanism of streptonigrin. AB - Mutants of Escherichia coli K-12 that are unable to make use of the enterochelin transport system were used to confirm that streptonigrin requires iron for its bactericidal action. Correlation of viability studies and 55Fe3+ uptake experiments showed that killing by streptonigrin increased with an increase in 55Fe3+ uptake by the cells. Streptonigrin did not kill iron-starved mutants that were unable to import iron. The level of iron uptake by these mutants was manipulated by agents such as (i) the enterochelin biosynthetic precursors 2,3 dihydroxybenzoic acid (2 x 10(-5) M) and shikimic acid (2 x 10(-4) M), (ii) citrate (10(-2) M), which promotes iron uptake by an independent pathway, and (iii) the chelating agents desferrioxamine (2 x 10(-4) M) and orthophenanthroline (10(-4) M). Addition of the precursors shikimate and dihydroxybenzoate to strain AB2847 (aroB) and dihydroxybenzoate to strain AN193 (entA), allowing these strains to make enterochelin, resulted in an increase in Fe3+ uptake and a corresponding sharp increase in killing by streptonigrin. Addition of enterochelin itself (10(-6) M) caused an even more pronounced effect. Studies on the effect of citrate in strain AN102 (fep) showed that this mutant was not killed by streptonigrin (4 x 10(-5) M), even in the presence of citrate; however, overnight growth in citrate induced Fe3+ uptake by means of the ferric citrate transport system and resulted in killing by streptonigrin. These studies showed a clear correlation between the change in levels of intracellular iron and the bactericidal effectiveness of streptonigrin. PMID- 6218781 TI - Comparison of cefoperazone and cefoxitin concentrations in serum and pelvic tissue of abdominal hysterectomy patients. AB - Cefoperazone and cefoxitin concentrations were determined in serum and pelvic tissue samples obtained at various intervals after a 2-g intramuscular dose. These levels were determined in 59 women scheduled for elective abdominal hysterectomy. Concentrations were measured by a new high-pressure liquid chromatography method which correlated with the microbiological assay. The mean times (+/- standard deviation) of specimen collection were 188.5 +/- 61 and 185.5 +/- 55 min for cefoperazone and cefoxitin, respectively. The mean serum levels (+/- standard deviation) were 60.8 +/- 18.0 and 14.6 +/- 8.6 micrograms/ml, respectively. For cefoperazone, the mean pelvic tissue concentration was 19.8 micrograms/g. The mean pelvic tissue concentration for cefoxitin was 7.8 micrograms/g. The ratio of tissue concentration to serum concentration varied from 0.220 to 0.469 for cefoperazone and from 0.176 to 1.031 for cefoxitin. Although the serum and tissue concentrations of cefoperazone were much higher than those of cefoxitin, a greater portion of cefoxitin remained in the tissue. The tissue levels of both cefoperazone and cefoxitin were above the minimum inhibitory concentration of most sensitive pathogens several hours after a single prophylactic dose of either antibiotic. PMID- 6218782 TI - Radioimmunoassay for zearalenone and zearalanol in human serum: production, properties, and use of porcine antibodies. AB - To produce antigens susceptible to raise antibodies for resorcylic acid lactones, the 6'-carboxymethyloxime derivatives of zearalenone and zearalanone were bound to bovine serum albumin. Pigs could be immunized by using these antigens, the best titer in antibodies being obtained with the zearalenone antigen. The porcine antibodies were specific for the resorcylic acid lactones of structural resemblance with zearalenone. This specificity made the antibodies usable for a radioimmunoassay of zearalenone and zearalanol, which may be found in human and animal sera. The range of the assay was between 0.25 and 10 ng. The limit of detection was 5 ppb (5 ng/ml) in human serum. PMID- 6218783 TI - Siderophore production by phytopathogenic microbial species. PMID- 6218784 TI - Anthranilate synthase of Neurospora crassa: reaction and labeling with glutamine analogs. PMID- 6218785 TI - Phosphate content of muscle phosphofructokinase in the genetically diabetic mouse (C57BL/KsJ). PMID- 6218786 TI - Conformational change of the alpha subunit of Escherichia coli F1 ATPase: ATP changes the trypsin sensitivity of the subunit. AB - Conformational change in the alpha subunit of Escherichia coli proton translocating ATPase was studied using trypsin. The subunit was cleaved with a small amount of trypsin (1 microgram/mg subunit) to peptides of less than 8000 daltons. On the other hand, the subunit was cleaved to two main polypeptides (30,000 and 25,000 daltons) in the presence of sufficient ATP (1 mM-0.5 microM) to saturate the high-affinity site of the subunit. Analysis of digests of the subunit combined with fluorescent maleimide suggested that the subunit was digested in the middle of the polypeptide chain in the presence of the nucleotide. ADP and adenylyl imidodiphosphate had the same effect as ATP. These results suggest that the conformation of the subunit changed to form two trypsin resistant domains upon binding of ATP to the high-affinity site. PMID- 6218787 TI - Relative phosphate contents of phosphofructokinase and other soluble phosphoproteins in skeletal muscle. AB - In vivo phosphorylation of muscle proteins has been studied by incorporation of [32P]phosphate with emphasis placed upon the phosphorylation of glycolytic enzymes. Of the approximately 25 soluble proteins resolved by two-dimensional electrophoresis that contain significant 32P, phosphofructokinase was the sole glycolytic enzyme identified as a phosphoprotein. The extent of phosphorylation found for this enzyme was the same as determined previously for purified phosphofructokinase and was about the same as the extent of phosphorylation of phosphorylase in resting muscle. Subsequent partial purification of several glycolytic enzymes confirmed the absence of significant amount of phosphate. However, phosphoglycerate mutase contained small amounts of covalently bound 32P that was exchangeable with 3-phosphoglycerate and therefore, most likely was incorporated during the catalytic reaction cycle. Analogous results were obtained for phosphoglucomutase. Both mutases were also phosphorylated at the same sites by the catalytic subunit of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase. PMID- 6218788 TI - Identification of T-cell subpopulations in granuloma annulare. AB - Granuloma annulare is a lymphohistiocytic process of unknown cause characterized by necrobiotic dermal papules. Acetone-fixed frozen sections of eight granuloma annulare lesions were studied for the presence of T-cell subsets, using monoclonal antibodies to T-cell surface antigens. The palisading and perivascular lymphocytic infiltrate shows that most of the mononuclear cells are reactive with LEU-1 antibody, which characterizes peripheral T cells and activated T cells. Numerous cells were reactive with LEU-3a antibody, which identifies the helper inducer T-cell subset. Some cells were positive with LEU-2a antibody, which detects suppressor-cytotoxic cell populations. Masses of histiocytes were identified infiltrating between the collagen fibers and surrounding the central necrobiosis area; the histiocytes showed a very strong diffuse acid phosphatase and nonspecific esterase activity. These findings suggest that a cell-mediated immune response may be the dominant pathogenic event in granuloma annulare. PMID- 6218789 TI - Effect of subdepressor clonidine on flushing reactions in rosacea. Change in malar thermal circulation index during provoked flushing reactions. AB - The effects of clonidine hydrochloride, an agent effective in suppressing other types of flushing reactions, were investigated in patients with erythematotelangiectatic rosacea. Clonidine hydrochloride, 0.05 mg, was given orally twice daily for two weeks. Mean arterial BP was not altered during clonidine treatment. Flushing reactions provoked with water at 60 degrees C, red wine, and chocolate were not suppressed during clonidine treatment. Clonidine did lead to malar hypothermia. It may be that any treatment benefit obtained from the reduction in vascular reactivity by clonidine in rosacea is offset by the malar hypothermia. PMID- 6218790 TI - [Cell cooperation during the humoral response, and its anomalies]. PMID- 6218791 TI - Chronic back pain: a tripartite model of outcome. AB - Studies of patients with chronic low back pain have yielded conflicting results and have been complicated by methodologic differences. This study adopts a tripartite model of outcome, including self-reports, physical measures, and objective indices of success, and examines outcome of a behavioral back rehabilitation program. One hundred thirty-two patients admitted to a back rehabilitation program were assessed physically, behaviorally, and subjectively. Results demonstrate that while 75% of patients provide subjective reports of success and 46% demonstrate significantly improved physical function, only 37% achieve vocational rehabilitation. Relationships between outcome measures are explored and arguments in support of this tripartite model are presented. PMID- 6218792 TI - Sex counseling: comparison of attitudes of disabled and nondisabled subjects. AB - The present study compared the views on sex counseling of a group of 103 orthopedically disabled persons and a group of 124 nondisabled persons. Subjects responded to a specially constructed questionnaire covering several issues related to sex counseling. Disabled persons preferred that the counseling be by a physician, rather than by a psychologist or social worker and that the counseling begin as late as ages 16-18, and they were less interested than nondisabled persons in counseling on sexual functioning and establishing a family. The responses of disabled persons were interpreted as indicating their greater anxiety toward the sensitive issue of sex. It was concluded that training programs for professionals--particularly physicians--who deal in sex counseling should include instruction about disabled persons and about the influence of cultural background on clients' attitudes towards sex counseling. PMID- 6218793 TI - Ultrasound in treatment of back pain resulting from prolapsed intervertebral disc. AB - The efficacy of ultrasound therapy in the management of back pain resulting from rupture of the intervertebral disc was evaluated in 3 groups: treatment, placebo, and control. Range of motion of total flexion and extension, total side flexion and total rotation of the lumbar spine, and subjective assessment of pain were used as criteria to determine the efficacy of treatment. Group comparisons showed statistical significance in favor of the treatment group (p 0.01), leading to the conclusion that ultrasound therapy is significantly effective in the treatment of back pain resulting from prolapse of the lumbar intervertebral disc. PMID- 6218794 TI - Abnormal platelet aggregation response in Huntington's disease. AB - Platelet aggregation response to epinephrine, dopamine, serotonin, adenosine diphosphate, arachidonic acid, and collagen was examined in seven patients with Huntington's disease and nine of their relatives. All patients, except for two cases that were in terminal states, showed enhanced response to all the stimulants, especially to dopamine and epinephrine. The platelet aggregation response in many relatives also deviated from the normal limit. The relationship between platelet aggregation abnormality in Huntington's disease and the pathophysiology of the disease was discussed from the view of a generalized membrane defect hypothesis in Huntington's disease, and of disturbed cathecholamine metabolism, both in the CNS and periphery. A possibility that platelet aggregation response examination will be a useful screening test of offspring at risk was proposed. PMID- 6218795 TI - Staphylococcus in toxic shock syndrome and other surgical infections. Development of new bacteriophages. AB - Recent studies of Staphylococcus aureus isolates from patients with toxic shock syndrome (TSS) have shown the dominance of phage type 29/52 with the capacity to produce pyrogenic exotoxin C and enterotoxin F. They also showed that 29% of the isolates were nontypable and 90% of them had similar toxigenic properties. The existence of unknown and important phages in this disease was postulated. Five new phages were then developed and used for typing three groups of staphylococcal isolates: 236 from patients with TSS, 67 from patients without TSS, and 159 from patients with infected burns. Results showed a high correlation between the lytic action of the new phages and the 29/52 phages, and an additional typing capability in 35% of the previously nontypable TSS isolates, emphasizing further the potential of bacteriophage typing of S aureus in these infections. PMID- 6218796 TI - Biocidal braided sutures. AB - Once sutures become contaminated it is difficult for local tissue defenses or antibiotics to eliminate the bacteria and prevent infection. Impregnation of sutures with antibiotics before implantation is one way to prevent bacterial seeding of the suture surface. In this study, braided silk and Dacron sutures were impregnated with the antibiotic complex, neomycin palmitate. Using our standard wound model in the mouse, the efficacy of these biocidal sutures was determined in the presence of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Implantation of these biocidal sutures into tissue contaminated with 10(7) organisms resulted in substantially decreased numbers of bacteria as compared with that of tissue receiving control sutures. In most cases, the tissue bacterial counts in the presence of biocidal sutures were also considerably lower than that for similarly contaminated tissue without a suture. Consequently, the presence of the neomycin palmitate eliminated the infection-potentiating effect of the suture. The therapeutic benefit of the biocidal sutures was related to the dose of antibiotic complex and was not adversely affected by delaying suture implantation. PMID- 6218797 TI - Marginal leakage of a microfilled composite resin. PMID- 6218798 TI - Malpractice and women 35 years of age or more at delivery. PMID- 6218799 TI - [Boris Nestorovich Mogil'nitskii (on the centenary of his birth)]. PMID- 6218800 TI - Uterine insemination of ewes with the aid of a laparoscope. PMID- 6218801 TI - Enzymic synthesis of 1-O-indol-3-ylacetyl-beta-D-glucose and indol-3-ylacetyl-myo inositol. AB - An enzyme fraction from extracts of immature kernels of Zea mays catalyses the formation of 1-O-indol-3-ylacetyl-beta-D-glucose from indol-3-ylacetic acid and UDP-glucose. A second enzyme fraction catalyses the formation of indol-3-ylacetyl myo-inositol from 1-O-indol-3-ylacetyl-beta-D-glucose and myo-inositol. To our knowledge, this is the first example of hydroxy-group acylation by a 1-O-acyl sugar. The following reaction sequence is proposed: Indol-3-ylacetic acid + UDP glucose leads to indol-3-ylacetylglucose + UDP (1) Indol-3-ylacetylglucose + myo inositol leads to indol-3-ylacetyl-myo-inositol + glucose (2) The enzyme catalysing reaction (1) is called UDP-glucose:indol-3-ylacetate glucosyl transferase (indol-3-ylacetylglucose synthase), and that catalysing reaction (2) is indol-3-ylacetylglucose:myo-inositol indol-3-ylacetyltransferase (indol-3 ylacetyl-myo-inositol synthase). We further show that indol-3-ylacetylglucose synthase is specific for UDP-glucose and, at the stage of purity tested, the enzyme will use either indol-3-ylacetic acid or naphthalene-1-acetic acid, but not 2.4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, as glucose acceptor. The indol-3-ylacetyl-myo inositol synthase is specific for indol-3-ylacetyl-glucose and will not use naphthalene-1-acetylglucose as substrate, and it is specific for myo-inositol among the alcohol acceptors tested. Thus, of the auxins tested, only indol-3 ylacetic acid forms the myo-inositol ester. PMID- 6218802 TI - Differential energy requirements for platelet responses. A simultaneous study of aggregation, three secretory processes, arachidonate liberation, phosphatidylinositol breakdown and phosphatidate production. AB - Previous studies have indicated different energy requirements for some platelet responses; these differences could, however, be due to inadequate methodology and differences in platelet preparation. The present study describes the effect of decreasing ATP availability on seven platelet responses measured in gel-filtered human platelets. The cells, prelabelled with 5-hydroxy[(3)H]tryptamine, [(3)H]- or [(14)C]adenine, [(32)P]P(i) or [(3)H]arachidonate, were incubated with antimycin A and 2-deoxy-d-glucose. Platelet responses induced by thrombin and collagen (secretion only), level of metabolic ATP and the adenylate energy charge (AEC) were determined at various times during incubation. Platelet aggregation was rapidly inhibited after a lag of 5-15 min and with 50% inhibition at AEC = 0.55-0.60. Secretion of 5-hydroxy[(14)C]tryptamine and ATP + ADP from dense granules and of fibrinogen and beta-thromboglobin from alpha-granules were inhibited in parallel, without a lag and with 50% inhibition at AEC = 0.65-0.70. The inhibition of secretion of platelet factor 4 from the alpha-granules followed another pattern with 50% inhibition at AEC = 0.70-0.80. Breakdown of [(3)H] phosphatidylinositol, formation of [(3)H]- and [(32)P]-phosphatidate, liberation of [(3)H]arachidonate and secretion of acid hydrolases were inhibited in parallel and inhibition was present at the start of incubation with 50% inhibition at AEC = 0.80-0.87. These results suggest that the responses have different energy requirements, increasing in the order: aggregation < dense granule and alpha granule secretion < acid hydrolase secretion, phosphatidylinositol breakdown, phosphatidate formation and arachidonate liberation. The powerful inhibition of phosphatidylinositol breakdown by metabolic inhibitors suggests that energy requiring steps are involved in the activation of phospholipase C. PMID- 6218804 TI - Spectroscopic isolation of ES complexes of myosin subfragment-1 ATPase by fluorescence quenching. PMID- 6218803 TI - Apoprotein B of lipoprotein(a) of human plasma. AB - Lipoprotein(a) was purified by agarose-gel chromatography from human plasma from which lipoproteins of Sf greater than 0 had been removed either by sequential or by density-gradient ultracentrifugation. After delipidation, the apoprotein B of this lipoprotein was analysed by sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis. It could not be distinguished from the apoprotein B of low density lipoproteins (rho 1.019-1.063 g/ml). A significant increase in the concentration of apoprotein B in plasma from which the Sf greater than 0 lipoproteins had been removed was observed in six subjects 4 h after a fatty meal. PMID- 6218805 TI - Modification of F1-ATPase from yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae with 5'-p [3H]fluorosulfonylbenzoyl adenosine. PMID- 6218806 TI - Fructose 2,6-bisphosphate levels are elevated in livers of genetically obese mice. PMID- 6218807 TI - Tropomyosin enhances actomyosin ATPase activity in platelet. PMID- 6218808 TI - Elevated uptake of 99mtechnetium methylene diphosphonate in the axial skeleton in ankylosing spondylitis and Reiter's disease: implications for quantitative sacroiliac scintigraphy. PMID- 6218810 TI - [Comparative study between two different methods of evaluating T-lymphocyte subpopulations]. PMID- 6218809 TI - Local skin rash after intraarticular methyl prednisolone acetate injection in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 6218811 TI - [Effects of starvation, a hyperprotein diet and treatment with nicotinamide on L threonine aldolase and allothreonine aldolase in the rat liver]. AB - In order to evaluate if the aminoacid L-threonine and its isomer allothreonine are metabolized by a single protein or by two specific enzymatic proteins, in the rat liver, we have studied the behaviour of L-threonine aldolase activity and allothreonine aldolase activity in rats which are injected with nicotinamide (1 g/ Kg) or have received a special diet containing 91% of casein or that have been starved for several days. The L-threonine aldolase enhances its activity in all three cases, while the allothreonine aldolase does not show significative changes of activity. These different behaviours of the two enzymatic activities, support the hypothesis that in the rat liver two proteins are necessary for the metabolism of the L-threonine and its isomer allothreonine. PMID- 6218812 TI - Prophylaxis of infective endocarditis. PMID- 6218813 TI - A study of embolism in mitral valve disease and atrial fibrillation. AB - A number of possible risk factors, clinical, radiological, biochemical, and social have been examined in one group of 34 cases of mitral valve disease and four of lone atrial fibrillation, all of whom gave a history of embolism, and also in a group of 24 cases of mitral valve disease who gave no such history. All were on long-term anticoagulant treatment. Comparison of the two groups disclosed no features that would distinguish those who ran the greater risk of embolism from the remainder other than that the men in the former group were older and of shorter stature. At comparable age, the women with a history of embolism had smaller left atria. Examination of a special group of nine patients who had had embolism despite anticoagulant treatment also disclosed no special features, other than a greater age at the time of their first embolism. Fibrinolytic activity was less and the level of beta thromboglobulin was greater than normal in both groups. Those with proven risk of embolism were not distinguished by higher values of this platelet protein. Neither variable correlated with the type of heart disease. No positive association was found between cigarette smoking and the risk of embolism. Embolism was significantly more likely to occur between 0801 and 1600 hours than at other times of day. PMID- 6218815 TI - Benzoyl peroxide versus topical erythromycin in the treatment of acne vulgaris. AB - In a double-blind clinical study in ninety-four subjects a 1.5% (w/v) erythromycin lotion was as effective as 5% (w/v) benzoyl peroxide gel in significantly reducing the number of small inflamed lesions and the overall acne severity. However, benzoyl peroxide also significantly reduced the number of non inflamed lesions whereas erythromycin had no effect on these lesions. This study supports the view that, although topical erythromycin is of value in the treatment of mild or moderate acne vulgaris, long established, safe and effective remedies should not be replaced by topical antibiotics until more comparative studies and investigations on bacterial resistance have been completed. PMID- 6218814 TI - A local potent glucocorticosteroid decreases the induction of galactosylhydroxylysyl glucosyltransferase in suction blisters but has no effect on basement membrane structures. AB - The effects of local glucocorticosteroid treatment on collagen biosynthesis and basement membrane components were studied in suction blisters in human abdominal skin. Pretreatment with clobetasol-17-propionate, applied three times a day for 4 days, did not affect the activity of galactosylhydroxylysyl glucosyltransferase (GGT) in fresh blisters but post-blistering treatment for 3 days with the steroid markedly inhibited the increase of this enzyme activity during the initial phases of re-epithelialization. The GGT activity was over 50% lower in steroid-treated blisters compared with control values. Protein concentrations and blister fluid volumes were also significantly decreased in healing 3-day blisters after steroid treatment. These results suggest that local glucocorticosteroid decreases either the synthesis of GGT or its release from the tissue into the blister fluid. The treatment did not affect the blister histology nor the early process of re epithelialization. Immunohistochemically, type IV and V collagens and laminin of the basement membrane zone were similarly located in blisters of steroid-treated and placebo-treated skin, suggesting that local glucocorticosteroid does not affect the integrity of the basement membrane. PMID- 6218816 TI - T cell regeneration after allogeneic and autologous bone marrow transplantation. AB - Venous blood T cell phenotypes were analysed with monoclonal antibodies after 11 allogeneic and 17 autologous bone marrow transplants. In seven cases studied in the early regenerative period, cells with a thymocyte phenotype were present in the blood. In the large majority of patients treated with both allografts and autografts there was an imbalance of phenotypic 'helper' and 'suppressor' T cell subsets with initially a relative and later an absolute increase of 'suppressor' T cells. This imbalance was still present at over 250 d in eight out nine cases. Suppressor T cells bearing HLA-Dr antigens were abundant in one case of fatal GVHD but not in another, and were also increased following two autografts. It is concluded that T cell phenotyping is not of diagnostic value in sick patients following bone marrow transplantation when graft-versus-host disease is suspected. PMID- 6218817 TI - Use of progestogens as an adjuvant to surgery in the treatment of stage I adenocarcinoma of the uterine corpus. AB - Fifty-nine patients with proven stage I adenocarcinoma of the uterine corpus were treated by total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, followed by gestronal hexanoate intramuscularly for 3 months and then medroxyprogesterone acetate orally for a prolonged period. In the 7-year period of study, there were no vaginal recurrences, but one patient suffered a recurrence in the inguinal lymph nodes and pelvis. Undesirable side effects did not occur. These results compare favourably with other reported studies in which surgery and radiotherapy were used. PMID- 6218818 TI - A proteolyzed derivative of Escherichia coli phosphofructokinase is no longer sensitive to allosteric effectors and still shows cooperativity in substrate binding. AB - Limited proteolysis of Escherichia coli phosphofructokinase by subtilisin yields a homogeneous derivative. This proteolyzed protein is composed of four polypeptide chains, with a molecular weight of 32 000 as compared to 37 000 for the original enzyme. Removal on each chain of about 5 kdaltons maintains the enzymatic activity and does not change the apparent affinity for the substrates ATP and fructose 6-phosphate. Limited proteolysis, however, affects the cooperativity of fructose 6-phosphate binding: the Hill coefficient is reduced from almost 4 in the native enzyme to only 2 in its proteolyzed derivative. Also, the proteolyzed protein is no longer sensitive to allosteric effectors, activator, or inhibitor. These changes in regulatory properties upon proteolysis are apparently due to the destruction of the effector binding site. The allosteric effector GDP protects phospho-fructokinase against proteolysis and irreversible thermal inactivation; GDP is, however, inefficient in protecting the proteolyzed protein against thermal denaturation. These results suggest that phosphofructokinase may function as a dimer of dimers, in which homotropic and heterotropic allosteric effects are not mediated by the same sets of quaternary interactions. PMID- 6218819 TI - Effects of tryptic digestion on myosin subfragment 1 and its actin-activated adenosinetriphosphatase. AB - Myosin subfragment 1 (S-1) was fluorescently labeled at its rapidly reacting thiol ("SH1"). Short exposure to trypsin cuts the S-1 heavy chain into three still-associated fragments (20K, 50K, and 27K) [Balint, M., Wolf, L., Tarcsafalvi, A., Gergely, J., & Sreter, F.A. (1978) Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 190, 793-799] which bind F-actin to the same extent as does the uncut labeled S-1, as indicated by time-resolved fluorescence anisotropy decay (at 4 degrees C, pH 7, in 0.15 M KC1 and 5 mM MgC12, +/- 1 mM ADP). These results are thus in agreement with turbidity measurements on similar systems as reported by Mornet et al. [Mornet, D., Pantel, P., Audemard, E., & Kassab, R. (1979) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 89, 925-932]. The excited-state lifetime of the fluorescent label on cut S-1 is indistinguishable from that on normal S-1 (+/- ADP, +/- F-actin). F-Actin activation of MgATPase of cut S-1 is lower than that for normal S-1 at moderate concentrations of F-actin, as reported by Mornet et al. (1979). But as the F actin concentration is increased, the MgATPase activities for cut S-1 approach those for uncut S-1. In terms of an eight-species steady-state kinetics scheme involving actin binding to free S-1, S-1 . ATP, S-1. ADP X P, and S-1 . ADP, actin affinity for the species S-1 . ADP X P was found to be 13.4 times greater for uncut S-1 than for cut S-1 [at 24 degrees C, pH 7.0, in 3 mM KC1, 1 mM ATP, 1 mM MgCl2, and 20 mM N-[tris(hydroxymethyl)methyl]-2-aminoethanesulfonic acid]. PMID- 6218820 TI - Phospholipids stabilize the interaction between the alpha and beta subunits of the solubilized receptor for immunoglobulin E. AB - The cell-surface component (alpha) which binds monomeric immunoglobulin E with high affinity is associated with a second polypeptide (beta) in the plasma membrane. The latter component tends to dissociate during purification of the alpha chain from detergent extracts of cells, even at neutral pHs and physiological ionic strengths. We now report that the interaction of alpha and beta can be stabilized by maintaining an appropriate phospholipid to detergent ratio. Under such conditions, other discrete components reproducibly copurify with the alpha and beta chains. These results suggest that the subunits of this membrane protein--or the interaction of it with other constituents in the cell- may be stabilized in ways not observed with ordinary soluble proteins. PMID- 6218821 TI - Neutral glycosphingolipids of murine myeloma cells and helper, cytolytic, and suppressor T lymphocytes. AB - Functionally defined clones and lines of murine lymphocytes including myelomas, helper, suppressor and cytolytic T lymphocytes were analyzed for their glycosphingolipids (GSLs). GSLs were characterized by thin-layer chromatography and by high-performance liquid chromatography. Lymphocytes with different functions displayed, besides a number of common GSLs, some characteristic GSLs that may be regarded as markers. Globotriaosylceramide was found on myelomas and B blasts, whereas globotetraosylceramide was confined to helper T cells. All T cells including cytolytic T lymphocytes displayed gangliotetraosylceramide (asialo-GM1) as a major GSL, which was further characterized by sequential degradation with exoglycosidases. PMID- 6218822 TI - Effect of solubilization on adenosine 5'-triphosphate induced calcium release from purified sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium adenosinetriphosphatase. AB - ATP-induced Ca2+ release from the purified sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase has been monitored in several different ATPase environments. Arsenazo III was used as a Ca2+ indicator in stopped-flow experiments and was shown to detect the early burst in Ca2+ transport, slower steady-state transport, and release of Ca2+ from fragmented sarcoplasmic reticulum. ATP-induced rapid release of Ca2+ followed by a slower rebinding step could be demonstrated for purified Ca2+-ATPase in leaky vesicles if the reaction was slowed by lowering the pH to 6.1 and by including dimethyl sulfoxide in the reaction medium. At a dodecyl octaoxyethylene glycol monoether (C12E8) to protein weight ratio of 0.2, a detergent concentration too low for solubilization to occur, ATP-induced Ca2+ release occurred more rapidly than for native leaky membranes, whereas the rebinding step was slower. In contrast, no Ca2+ release was observed for any soluble preparation. The kinetics of Ca2+ release was studied under conditions where the ATPase was monomeric or aggregated, and also in the presence of added phospholipid. The ATPase was shown to be monomeric by sedimentation equilibrium measurements in the presence of Ca2+, ADP, and beta, gamma-methylene-ATP at a C12E8 to protein weight ratio of 2.0. It is concluded that solubilization of the Ca2+-ATPase may result in uncoupling of ATP hydrolysis from ATP-induced Ca2+ release. PMID- 6218823 TI - The Ca2+-pumping ATPase of plasma membranes. Purification, reconstitution and properties. PMID- 6218824 TI - Interactions between membrane skeleton proteins and the intrinsic domain of the erythrocyte membrane. PMID- 6218825 TI - Reduced inhibition of replicon initiation and chain elongation by neocarzinostatin in skin fibroblasts from patients with ataxia telangiectasia. AB - Cells from patients with the genetic disease ataxia telangiectasia are hypersensitive to the DNA-breaking agents X-rays, bleomycin and neocarzinostatin, and show reduced inhibition of DNA synthesis after treatment with these agents, as compared to normal cells. The rate of replicon initiation and chain elongation was measured shortly after brief exposure of two normal and two ataxia telangiectasia fibroblast strains to low doses (0.10-0.30 microgram/ml) of neocarzinostatin, by means of alkaline sucrose gradient analysis. Neocarzinostatin was found to inhibit both initiation and elongation, and both components of DNA synthesis were more resistant to this inhibition in the A-T strains. PMID- 6218826 TI - Inhibition of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation by adriamycin. AB - The antitumour antibiotic, adriamycin, inhibited oxidative phosphorylation in freshly prepared mitochondria from the heart, liver and kidney of the rat. It abolished respiratory control and stimulated ATPase activity. Succinate oxidation by heart mitochondria was extremely sensitive to the drug when hexokinase was present in the reaction medium. The sensitive site has been identified to lie in the region between the succinate dehydrogenase flavoprotein and ubiquinone of the respiratory chain. PMID- 6218827 TI - Composition and synthesis during G1 and S phase of a high mobility group-E/G component from Chinese hamster ovary cells. AB - A perchloric acid soluble protein from the sedimented chromatin of blended Chinese hamster ovary (line CHO) cells has been isolated by guanidine hydrochloride gradient chromatography on Bio . Rex-70 ion exchange resin. The amino acid composition of the protein (designated as CHO HMG-E/G) is similar to that of mouse HMG-E, but it differs from that of bovine HMG-14 and HMG-17 or any possible mixture of the two. CHO HMG-E/G incorporates [32P]phosphate like HMG-14 and HMG-17 class proteins from other species, but all resolvable molecular species incorporate phosphate, and the more highly-phosphorylated band migrates faster, rather than slower, than the other in acid-urea gel systems. Incorporation of [3H]lysine into HMG-E/G following release from isoleucine deprivation G1 block indicates that the protein is extensively synthesized during both the G1 and S phases of the cell cycle. PMID- 6218828 TI - In vitro synthesis of glutathione peroxidase from selenite. Translational incorporation of selenocysteine. AB - The synthesis of glutathione peroxidase from [75Se]selenite was studied in slices and cell-free extracts from rat liver. The incorporation of [75Se]selenocysteine at the active site was detected by carboxymethylation and hydrolysis of partially purified glutathione peroxidase (glutathione:hydrogen peroxide oxidoreductase, EC 1.11.1.9) in the presence of [3H]selenocysteine and subsequent amino acid analysis. The synthesis of glutathione peroxidase in slices was inhibited by cycloheximide or puromycin and 75Se was incorporated from [75Se]selenite into free selenocysteine and selenocysteyl tRNA. Increasing concentrations of selenocystine caused a progressive dilution of the 75Se and a corresponding decrease in glutathione peroxidase labeling. In cell-free systems, [75Se]selenocysteyl tRNA was the best substrate for glutathione peroxidase synthesis. These results indicate the existence in rat liver of the de novo synthesis of free selenocysteine and a translational pathway of selenocysteine incorporation into glutathione peroxidase. PMID- 6218829 TI - Physicochemical, immunochemical and functional comparison of human histidine-rich glycoprotein and autorosette inhibition factor. PMID- 6218830 TI - Polyamine levels and diamine oxidase activity in hypertrophic heart of spontaneously hypertensive rats and of rats treated with isoproterenol. AB - Polyamine levels and diamine oxidase (EC 1.4.3.6) activity were studied in hypertrophic heart of spontaneously hypertensive rats as well as in the heart of Wistar rats during the development and regression of cardiac hypertrophy induced by isoproterenol administration. In spontaneously hypertensive rats, putrescine content and diamine oxidase activity were higher than those found in normotensive Kyoto-Wistar control rats. During the development of cardiac hypertrophy induced by isoproterenol, there was an increase in polyamine content and diamine oxidase activity. The administration of cycloheximide or actinomycin D prevented the increase in diamine oxidase activity during the first 24 h after isoproterenol administration, demonstrating that the rise in diamine oxidase activity was due to synthesis of new enzyme. Following the cessation of isoproterenol treatment, cardiac hypertrophy regressed and polyamine levels and diamine oxidase activity diminished toward control values. The administration of aminoguanidine to isoproterenol-treated rats caused in the heart an inhibition of diamine oxidase activity that led to an increase in putrescine level beyond the values found in animals given isoproterenol alone. The results suggest that the enhancement of diamine oxidase activity plays a role in the regulation of putrescine level in hypertrophic heart. PMID- 6218831 TI - Inhibition of calmodulin-activated Ca2+-ATPase by propranolol and nadolol. AB - Propranolol, at concentrations ranging from 0.05 to 0.5 mM, inhibits the calmodulin-activated Ca2+-ATPase of human erythrocyte membranes. In the same concentration range it is without effect on the basal Ca2+-ATPase. The inhibition is competitive and appears to be due to membrane binding, rather than to combination with cytoplasmic calmodulin as is the case for phenothiazines. This effect of propranolol may explain its ability to open the calcium-gated potassium channel, and could also be related to its action as a beta-adrenergic blocker. Nadolol, another beta-adrenergic blocker, is also an inhibitor of calmodulin activated Ca2+-ATPase. PMID- 6218832 TI - Different biosynthetic pathways of the pyrimidine moiety of thiamin in procaryotes and eucaryotes. AB - [14C]Formate is incorporated into the C-2 of the pyrimidine moiety of thiamin by Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, it is incorporated into C-4. Radioactive carbons of [1-14C]glycine and [2-14C]glycine are incorporated by S. typhimurium into the C-4 and C-6 of the pyrimidine, respectively, but not by S. cerevisiae. These facts suggest that procaryotes and eucaryotes have different biosynthetic pathways for pyrimidine. In this study, the procaryotes tested incorporated [14C]formate into the C-2 and the eucaryotes incorporated it into the C-4 of the pyrimidine. PMID- 6218833 TI - Heparan sulphate and the binding of lipoprotein lipase to porcine thoracic aorta endothelium. AB - Purified bovine milk lipoprotein lipase was shown to bind to intact porcine aortic endothelium in a specific, saturable fashion. The binding was reversed by exogenous heparin. A single class of binding sites was involved and at saturation 1.24 x 10(11) molecules of lipoprotein lipase/cm2 were bound. This represents 0.51 x 10(6) enzyme molecules per endothelial cell at a density of 1.2 x 10(3) molecules/micrometers 2. The enzyme binding was reduced by prior trypsinisation of the endothelial surface under conditions that removed cell surface glycosaminoglycan chains. The porcine endothelium was shown to have available at its surface 5.4 x 10(11) chains of heparan sulphate plus heparin-like glycosaminoglycans/cm2. Such an excess suggests that lipoprotein lipase may interact with approximately one in four of the available heparan sulphate chains. PMID- 6218834 TI - Phosphoglucomutase: its role in the response of pancreatic islets to glucose epimers and anomers. AB - Rat pancreatic islets display phosphoglucomutase activity. The velocity of glucose-1-phosphate conversion to glucose-6-phosphate is increased in a dose related fashion by glucose-1,6-bisphosphate. The islet homogenate, like purified muscle phosphoglucomutase, also catalyzes the synthesis of glucose-1,6 bisphosphate from glucose-6-phosphate and fructose-1,6-bisphosphate. The rate of the latter reaction is about 10,000 times lower than that of glucose-1-phosphate conversion to glucose-6-phosphate in the presence of glucose-1,6-bisphosphate. D glucose and D-mannose, but not D-galactose nor D-fructose, markedly increase the islet content in glucose-1,6-bisphosphate. Such a content is twice higher in islets exposed for 5 minutes to alpha-D-glucose than in islets exposed to beta-D glucose. The process of glucose-1,6-bisphosphate synthesis, as catalyzed by the alpha-stereospecific phosphoglucomutase, may play a role in the metabolic and, hence, secretory responses of the islets to glucose epimers and anomers. PMID- 6218836 TI - [Research in microbiology in the colleges and scientific institutions of the Tatar ASSR]. PMID- 6218835 TI - [Isolation and electrophoresis of HMG-proteins of chicken liver and oviduct]. PMID- 6218837 TI - [Contribution of scientists of the Georgian SSR to the study of nerve tissue phosphopeptides]. PMID- 6218838 TI - [Research in the field of human and animal physiology in the Kirghiz SSR]. PMID- 6218839 TI - Perinatal changes in activity of lysosomal glycosidases in rat colon. AB - Four acid glycosidases have been studied in the colon from developing rats: beta N-acetylglucosaminidase, beta-galactosidase, alpha-fucosidase, and beta glucuronidase. These four enzymes exhibit substantial changes in specific activity during maturation from fetus to adult. Further, the location of maximal enzyme activity changes from proximal to distal colon during development. Whereas 1- to 8-day-old suckling rats exhibited higher enzyme specific activities in the proximal than in the distal colon (1.2- to 4.9-fold higher), the adult rat colonic glycosidases always were higher in specific activity in the distal than in the proximal colon (1.2- to 1.3-fold higher, except 1.9-fold higher for beta-N acetylglucosaminidase). The gradient of enzyme activity along the colon length changed more in sucklings than in adults. Whereas the activity only varied 1.3- to 3.0-fold along the length of the adult rat colon, variation of 2.3- to 10-fold occurred in different segments of the suckling rat colon. PMID- 6218840 TI - Inhibition by nojirimycin and 1-deoxynojirimycin of microsomal glucosidases from calf liver acting on the glycoprotein oligosaccharides Glc1-3Man9GlcNAc2. AB - Particulate membrane fractions from calf liver catalyze the release of glucose from GlcNAc2-Man9-Glc1-3-oligosaccharides. Maximal oligosaccharide-glucosidase activity was obtained at pH 6.2 and a detergent concentration of 0.5% Triton X 100. This activity could be distinguished from non-specific alpha-glucosidase activity on the basis of different pH-dependence and lack of activation by detergent. The relative rates for the hydrolysis of the Glc3-, Glc2-, and Glc1 oligosaccharide, estimated from the initial velocity, was 1:12:3. There is no significant difference in the enzyme activity towards free, peptide-bound, or lipid-linked oligosaccharide. Nojirimycin and 1-deoxynojirimycin were strong inhibitors of microsomal oligosaccharide-glucosidases. Hydrolysis of Glc3 oligosaccharide was inhibited by 50% at concentrations of 0.16 mM and 2 microM, respectively. Hydrolysis of the Glc2- and Glc1-oligosaccharide was inhibited to a somewhat lower extent, suggesting the presence of at least two glucosidases, one acting on Glc3- and one acting on Glc1- and Glc2-oligosaccharide. PMID- 6218841 TI - Sequencing of large double-stranded DNA using the dideoxy sequencing technique. AB - The dideoxy sequencing technique has been applied to the direct sequencing of large double-stranded DNA molecules with a small single-stranded primer. For instance, the method was applied to the lambda genome, which contains 48 502 base pairs (Sanger F, Coulson AR, Hong GF, Hill D & Petersen GB, 1982, J. Mol. Biol., in press), and the coding region for gene W identified. The procedure proves useful in the sequence analysis of a large number of different mutations in a particular region and in the analysis of eukaryotic DNA cloned in plasmids, phages, and cosmids. PMID- 6218843 TI - [Effect of high-altitude hypoxia on the effectiveness of chemotherapy in tumors]. AB - It was shown in rat experiments that high-altitude hypoxia inhibits the growth of transplantable tumors and enhances the efficacy of antitumor treatment with chemotherapeutic drugs (thiotepa for Heren's carcinoma, and cyclophosphamide for sarcoma 45). Under high-altitude conditions, the cyclophosphamide toxicity as regards blood cells was modified, manifesting in the absence of anemization and less considerable reduction in the platelet and lymphocyte counts. The animals' adaptation to high-altitude hypoxia was followed by a rise in the blood content of sulfhydryl groups and increase in cancerolytic activity of the blood serum. PMID- 6218842 TI - [Effect of guanyl nucleotides and hyperbaric oxygenation on the adenylate cyclase activity of the heart in rabbits with myocardial hypertrophy]. AB - The authors studied the role of guanyl nucleotides and hyperbaric oxygenation (HBO) in desensitization and resensitization of adenylate cyclase of the heart during hypertrophy which was induced by aorta stenosing. The basal activity of the enzyme and the rate of its activation with adrenaline and guanyl nucleotides were discovered to be reduced. In the presence of guanyl nucleotides, HBO gave rise to the recovery of enzyme sensitivity to the hormone. The data obtained indicate that during myocardial hypertrophy, guanyl nucleotides participate both in densensitization of adenylate cyclase to hormonal exposure and in the enzyme resensitization during HBO therapy. PMID- 6218844 TI - [Effect of para-chlorophenylalanine and 5-hydroxytryptophan on the tryptophan content of the blood serum and its ability to stimulate tryptophan capture by the cells]. AB - Intraperitoneal injection of parachlorphenylalanine to guinea-pigs leads to an increase in the blood tryptophan content and a reduction of blood serum activity that determines tryptophan cell uptake. Administration of 5-hydroxytryptophan brings about opposing changes in the parameters indicated. The presence of a reverse correlation between variations of tryptophan content and blood serum activity responsible for tryptophan cell uptake, which occur under the effect of substances that change the rate of serotonin synthesis indicates that these factors belong to the united system controlling tryptophan metabolism. PMID- 6218845 TI - [Functional properties of a lymphocyte subpopulation responding to low suboptimal doses of concanavalin A]. AB - Incubation of human peripheral blood lymphocytes with concanavalin A (Con A), in a low suboptimal dose (0.5 microgram/ml), results in formation of the cells that inhibit proliferation of autologous cells in cultures activated with optimal but not with suboptimal dose of the mitogen. Nevertheless, 50 micrograms/ml Con A activated cells efficiently suppress proliferation everywhere. Cell preincubation during 18 h before Con A activation leads to a reduction of lymphocyte responses to the mitogen in cultures reactivated with 5 micrograms/ml Con A in a mixture with autologous lymphocytes, containing no mitogen. Activation of T-T helper cells providing suppressor T cells differentiation seems to take place in the presence of a low suboptimal dose of Con A. Besides, 0.5 microgram/ml Con A prevents the preincubation-induced elimination of some lymphocytes responding to an optimal dose of Con A and autologous lymphocytes. PMID- 6218846 TI - Thrombin and plasmin activity and platelet activation in the development of venous thrombosis. PMID- 6218848 TI - The mental-mental muddle and work comp in Oregon. PMID- 6218847 TI - Regulation of hematopoiesis II: the role of polyamine inhibition on helper or suppressor influences of the thymus. AB - We have previously suggested in murine model systems, that two cell subpopulations with differing proliferative capacity, from the thymus, modify the growth of erythroid progenitor cells in vitro. In order to further characterize these populations, we have specifically inhibited polyamine biosynthesis; this pathway is essential for the process of cell replication. Thus, alpha difluoromethyl ornithine (DFMO) was used to block the conversion of ornithine to putrescine, the first and rate-limiting step in polyamine biosynthesis. We observed a threefold increase in hematopoietic progenitors (CFU-S and CFU-E) from bone marrow in animals treated with DFMO. We further examined the effect of DFMO on accessory "helper" and "suppressor" cells from the thymus and observed an increase in helper activity with an elimination of suppressor activity. All of these effects of DFMO were specific for inhibition of polyamine biosynthesis, since simultaneous addition of the depleted biosynthetic product, putrescine, restored suppressor activity. We conclude that polyamine biosynthesis is required acutely for accessory cell regulation of hematopoiesis. PMID- 6218849 TI - The role of the state in hearing health care. PMID- 6218850 TI - Decrements in performance on a primary task associated with the reaction to voice warning messages. AB - Voice warning messages are being adopted as an alternative to audio warnings because they can be readily understood, generate fast reaction times and supposedly allow a smooth transition from message to action. This experiment evaluated the effectiveness of synthesized voice messages using measures of performance decrement and response time in the context of a central warning system with audio, voice and visual indicators. The subject's task was to maintain accuracy on a psychomotor tracking task whilst responding to warnings. The results show that the various combinations of warning types could not be differentiated with respect to performance decrement on the primary task. The data for reaction time show that audio warnings produce the fastest responses, followed by voice warnings, with CWP indicators producing the slowest responses. The implications of the results for the role of synthesized voice warning messages in central warning systems is discussed. PMID- 6218851 TI - In vivo characterization of histamine H1- and H2-receptors in the rat stomach microcirculation. AB - 1 Using a video microscope system, an in vivo microcirculation preparation was designed to characterize histamine receptors in the rat stomach submucosal arterioles (diameter 50 microns). 2 Each in vivo stomach microcirculation preparation received topically applied multiple concentrations of either the selective histamine H1- or H2-receptor agonist and antagonist and the respective responses (changes of the arteriolar diameter) were used to construct the concentration-response curves. 3 Results showed that both 2-thiazolylethylamine and impromidine, the respective selective H1- and H2-receptor agonists, produced concentration-dependent vasodilator responses in the in vivo stomach submucosal arterioles. These vasodilator responses were competitively and selectively blocked by the respective H1-receptor antagonist mepyramine and the H2-receptor antagonist cimetidine. 4 Data from each in vivo preparation were examined separately to yield a Schild plot and a Hill plot, from which the in vivo estimates of the pA2 value, the slope of the Schild plot, and the Hill coefficient were obtained. 5 The estimated pA2 values for mepyramine (9.60 +/- 0.033, mean +/- s.e. mean) and cimetidine (5.98 +/- 0.037) conformed to similar values found in other tissues, showing that the rat stomach microvascular H1- and H2-receptors are of the same nature as similar receptors elsewhere. 6 Both the Hill and the Schild plots yielded regressions with unity slopes, indicating that the agonist-receptor and the antagonist-receptor reactions followed a simple one to-one stoichiometry. 7 The findings in the present study are discussed and compared with those from other in vitro tissue preparations; it appears that the present in vivo technique is a satisfactory system for characterizing receptors in the vascular smooth muscle of the microcirculation. PMID- 6218852 TI - Kinetics of technetium 99m labelled macroaggregated albumin in humans. AB - The uptake and elimination of 99Tcm labelled MAA were followed by gamma camera and computer over a period of 36 hours in patients undergoing lung scanning and venography. Lungs, stomach, kidneys, GI tract, bladder and thyroid showed significant concentrations of activity at various times after the injection of radiopharmaceutical, with carefully controlled labelling efficiency. There was no indication of accumulation in the liver or spleen. Activity versus time curves were constructed. The lung curve had approximately bi-exponential form with components of effective half-lives 0.88 and 4.56 h. Areas beneath the curves gave cumulated activities for each organ and, using S values (absorbed dose per unit cumulated activity) from MIRD tables, absorbed doses from self-irradiation were calculated for each organ. PMID- 6218853 TI - The wandering spleen syndrome? PMID- 6218854 TI - A simple uroflowmeter tester. AB - A simple device for testing urine flowmeters is described. It is made from readily available components and is portable, easy to use, and requires no special care in setting up. The flow rate is accurate to within 0.5 ml/s. Nursing staff are now able to do regular calibration checks on the urine flowmeters and some flowmeter deficiencies have been exposed. Using the tester, examples of artefactual peak flow rates have been recorded. PMID- 6218855 TI - Rectus abdominis myocutaneous flap--clinical experience with ipsilateral and contralateral flaps. AB - This study summarizes our experience with the use of 15 superior and inferior rectus abdominis myocutaneous flaps for filling defects in the chest wall, pectoral region, abdominal wall and groin. An extension of this flap above the costal margin, recommended in the study, provides valuable additional tissue. The flap is reliable and easily constructed. PMID- 6218856 TI - The rectus abdominis myocutaneous island flap in breast cancer. AB - The use of 30 rectus abdominis flaps in patients with breast cancer is described. In 7 patients the flap has been used to repair the defect following ablation of recurrent disease or radionecrotic ulcers. In the remaining 23 the flap has been used as part of a primary reconstruction at the time of mastectomy. The technique is described together with the results in these patients. The cosmetic results have been satisfactory. The technique as described has proved completely reliable. Follow-up to 18 months has shown that fears of incisional hernias developing are unfounded. PMID- 6218857 TI - Influence of previous gold toxicity on subsequent development of penicillamine toxicity. AB - The incidence of penicillamine toxicity was determined in 250 patients who had never previously received gold, 76 patients who had received gold without toxic reaction, and 79 patients with a previous history of gold toxicity. The results suggest that there may be a higher incidence of penicillamine toxicity in patients who have previously shown toxic reactions. The interval between stopping the gold and starting the penicillamine did not influence incidence of toxicity. The development of a rash during gold treatment does not seem to influence the development of a rash during penicillamine treatment, but patients who have had proteinuria or bone-marrow depression during gold treatment may have an increased likelihood of developing a similar side effect with penicillamine. PMID- 6218858 TI - Effect of genetic counselling on the prevalence of Huntington's chorea. AB - The relative fertility of sons and daughters of patients with Huntington's chorea was found to be a little under 0.5 if they had been told of their risk of transmitting the disease before they had started their families. The effect was much the same in those who had attended the genetic clinic at The Hospital for Sick Children on a single occasion and those who had been told of their risk directly, or indirectly through the patient's spouse or family doctor, by the neurologist who was looking after their affected parent at the National Hospital for Nervous Diseases. If all offspring of patients were informed of their risk the effect on the prevalence of the disorder would be substantial, especially if the mutation rate is low and the reproductive fitness of patients in the past has been close to 1.0. Men and women at risk of developing the disease should not be seen on just one occasion, however: they need continued support by being seen regularly at a special neurological genetic clinic. PMID- 6218859 TI - Identification of adverse reactions to new drugs. II--How were 18 important adverse reactions discovered and with what delays? AB - The process of discovery of 18 important adverse drug reactions was reviewed. For each adverse reaction the dates were noted of the report which first alerted the medical profession to the suspected reaction, the report which resulted in verification of causality beyond reasonable doubt, and the first regulatory action or warning to the medical profession in Britain by the Committee on the Safety of Medicines. PMID- 6218860 TI - Can general practitioners predict the outcome of episodes of back pain? PMID- 6218861 TI - Drug treatment of primary hyperparathyroidism: use of clodronate disodium. AB - Clodronate disodium (dichloromethylene diphosphonate), a specific inhibitor of bone resorption, was given by mouth (1.0-3.2 g daily) to nine patients with primary hyperparathyroidism for two to 32 weeks so that its clinical and metabolic effects could be evaluated. Bone resorption decreased in all patients as judged by a fall in the fasting urinary calcium to creatinine and hydroxyproline to creatinine ratios. Serum calcium concentration was increased in all patients before treatment and fell in response to treatment to values near the upper end of the normal range. Hypercalcaemia and hypercalciuria recurred when treatment was stopped. In three patients treated for longer than 19 weeks clodronate failed to sustain the reduction in serum calcium concentration but the concentration remained below pretreatment values. These results suggest that clodronate may be of use in the medical management of primary hyperparathyroidism, particularly in patients in whom suppression of bone disease is desirable before surgery or in whom surgery is contraindicated. PMID- 6218862 TI - Long term consequences of arsenical treatment for multiple sclerosis. PMID- 6218863 TI - Epidemiology and treatment of gonorrhoea caused by penicillinase-producing strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in Fukuoka, Japan. AB - Thirty strains of penicillinase-producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae (PPNG) were detected by a rapid iodometric method out of 206 strains isolated from patients with gonorrhoea between January and December 1981. Of the 30 patients, five of the nine women were prostitutes and 14 of the 21 men were infected by prostitutes in or around Fukuoka City, with the exception of one who was infected in Formosa. Treatment with ampicillin or amoxycillin resulted in failure whereas treatment with spectinomycin was successful. PMID- 6218865 TI - Quinolinic acid: regional variations in neuronal sensitivity. AB - The excitatory action of quinolinic acid has been examined on neurons in different parts of the rat CNS. When applied by microiontophoresis quinolinic acid excited cells in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus and neostriatum, but even when applied from electrodes which produced responses in these areas, quinolinic acid was ineffective in the cerebellum and spinal cord. Like most excitants tested in other studies, L-glutamate was excitatory to all cells examined. As an endogenous compound, therefore, quinolinic acid may merit special attention as a potential neurotransmitter in brain. PMID- 6218864 TI - The effect of amphetamine, nembutal, alpha-methyl-tyrosine, and parachlorophenylalanine on the sleep-related spike activity of the tortoise, Geochelone carbonaria, and on the cat ventral hippocampus spike. PMID- 6218866 TI - [Enhancement of the activity of hepatitis B virus vaccine by association with murabutide]. AB - Murabutide (N-acetyl-muramyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamine-alpha-butylester), an MDP analogue, is a potential adjuvant for Human immunization. High levels of specific antibodies were obtained in Mouse and Guinea-Pig following administration with murabutide of low dosages of anti-hepatitis B viral vaccine containing the surface antigen (HBs). The effect of murabutide was enhanced without increasing the level of specific IgE by association with suboptimal dosages of aluminium hydroxide. PMID- 6218867 TI - The implications of viral hepatitis for the practice of dentistry. PMID- 6218868 TI - Fluorodeoxyuridine synchronization of bone marrow cultures. AB - A method for synchronization of bone marrow cells with fluorodeoxyuridine (FdU) is presented and compared with methotrexate (MTX) synchronization. FdU has the advantage of not requiring cell washing for release of the DNA synthesis block and was found to be more beneficial for bone marrow cultures because it generally produced a higher mitotic yield and was less damaging to chromosomes. Late replication banding, produced after releasing the FdU block with bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU), indicated that cells in midsynthesis at the time of the block release were those that showed the most increase in chromosome length and the most improvement in the quality of the metaphase spread. Therefore, because bone marrow cells have a longer cell cycle time than stimulated lymphocytes, a minimum of 7-8 hr culture after release of the block is recommended to give optimal results. It was also found that, to increase the yield of mitoses, at least 6-8 hr of growth was necessary before the addition of either of these synchronizing agents. PMID- 6218869 TI - Adenocarcinomas of the prostate induced by N-nitroso-N-methylurea in rats pretreated with cyproterone acetate and testosterone. AB - Prostatic adenocarcinomas were induced in 5 out of 20 Wistar rats upon a single administration of 50 mg/kg N-nitroso-N-methylurea (NMU). The rats were pretreated with a daily dose of 50 mg/kg cyproterone acetate for 3 weeks followed by 3 daily injections of 100 mg/kg testosterone. All tumours developed in the dorsolateral prostate and were invasively growing. In 2 cases distant metastases were found. Three proliferative lesions classified as carcinomas in situ were also found in the dorsolateral prostate. A total of 7/20 animals (35%) carried an adenocarcinoma and/or a carcinoma in situ. In addition, 6 epithelial hyperplasias were observed in the dorsolateral and 1 in the ventral prostate of non-tumour bearing rats. The method described may provide a good animal model for cancer of the prostate and lead to a better understanding of prostatic carcinogenesis. PMID- 6218870 TI - Mitogen responsiveness and inhibitory activity of mesenteric lymph node cells. Conditioned medium containing T cell growth factor reverses suppressor function. AB - Blood-, lymph node-, and tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (PBL, LNC, and TIL, respectively) from patients with colonic neoplasms were tested for responsiveness to phytohaemagglutinin (PHA). All populations responded, with LNC and PBL showing comparable reactivities while TIL were less reactive as assessed by incorporation of 3H-thymidine. Increased mitogen responsiveness was observed for T cells enriched by SRBC rosette formation or passage through nylon columns. Mitomycin C treated LNC and TIL inhibited PHA induced 3H-thymidine incorporation of admixed autologous PBL, suggesting the presence of suppressor cells. Suppressor activity resided primarily in the SRBC rosetting population and was dose-dependent, with increasing numbers of LNC giving greater diminution of PHA response. Suppression by LNC was apparent only when they were added to PBL responders within 6 h of the initiation of stimulation assays, in common with the effects of Concanavalin A (Con A)-induced suppressors on PBL phytomitogen responsiveness. Con A-induced and LNC-suppressor activity could be reversed by addition of lymphocyte-conditioned medium (CM) containing T cell growth factor (TCGF; interleukin IL-2). These data provide further evidence that the suppressor phenomena observed in this system are a function of activated T cells present both in drainage lymph nodes and at the tumour site. PMID- 6218871 TI - Modifying the biological response in acute myeloid leukemia. II. Effect of BCG and leukemic cells on lymphocyte response to mitogens, and on helper and suppressor activity. AB - Lymphocyte response to mitogens and to lymphocyte suppressor and monocyte helper activity was studied in 18 patients with acute myeloid leukemia in complete remission, and in 17 healthy controls. Ten patients were maintained with chemotherapy alone (CT), and eight received chemoimmunotherapy with BCG + leukemic cells (CIT). In late remission the mitogen responsiveness was increased in CT patients and decreased in CIT patients. No significant difference in lymphocyte suppressor activity could be demonstrated between patients and controls, or between CT and CIT. When autologous CIT monocytes were added to mitogen-stimulated lymphocytes they acted as helper cells. CT monocytes, in contrast, seemed to act as suppressor cells. Control monocytes also acted as helper cells, but to a significantly lesser degree than CIT monocytes. PMID- 6218872 TI - Mechanisms of BCG action. I. The induction of nonspecific helper cells during the potentiation of alloimmune cell-mediated cytotoxic responses. AB - Donor mice were treated IV with BCG and after various time intervals the spleens from these animals were injected into syngeneic recipients which were simultaneously challenged with an allogeneic tumour. The spleen cells from the BCG-treated donors, but not untreated donors, conferred on the recipients an ability to induce a potentiated CMC reaction against the tumour. The transference of BCG-induced potentiating activity could not be explained by the transference of viable BCG organisms, but was mediated by a cell that was anti-Thy.1 sensitive, silica-resistant, plastic-nonadherent, and nylon wool-adherent, and was sensitive in vivo to anti-thymocyte serum but resistant to hydrocortisone. By the use of congenic strains of mice that differed at the Thy.1 allele, it was shown that the cells responsible were not precursors of the cytotoxic lymphocytes but were cells that produced an amplification of the response of the recipient host's precursor cytotoxic T cells. PMID- 6218873 TI - Alterations in aortic pressure and coronary blood flow: their time sequences with induced paroxysms of ventricular tachycardia in normal and impaired myocardium. AB - In an attempt to define more clearly the hemodynamic effects of paroxysmal tachycardia in their time sequence not only for the normal heart, we monitored coronary sinus flow (CSF), aortic mean pressure (AOMP), and coronary vascular resistance in 42 patients. They underwent stress testing of left ventricular function by paced ventricular tachycardia (VT 170/min); 13 patients had no heart disease (controls), 10 patients left ventricular hypertrophy, and 19 patients coronary artery disease (CAD). Up to the 6th s after the sudden start of VT, CSF was maintained during a 50% decrease in AOMP, while controls and hypertrophy patients with less pressure reduction (of 33 and 42%, respectively) showed a tendency to increase CSF. From the 12th to the 26th s of VT, a slight recovery of the low AOMP values took place, while CSF remained at or slightly below baseline levels. The steady state VT was characterized by further improved pressures and a CSF slightly above baseline even in CAD. Up to the 12th s after sudden stop of VT, aortic systolic pressure showed a steep increase (by 17, 13, and 8% for the three groups, respectively), while CSF dropped temporarily and after an upswing between the 12th and 26th s reached baseline levels together with AOMP. We conclude: (1) The rapidity of coronary response and its initial lag after changes of perfusion pressure are similar for normal and impaired myocardium; slight differences exist in quantity. (2) While with VT initiation perfusion pressure drops precipitously, CSF is maintained at baseline levels or slightly below even in CAD. (3) The quality of coronary hemodynamic adaptation to tachycardiac paroxysms in the impaired myocardium warrants the presence of additional operative mechanisms other than a reduced reduction in coronary vascular reserve capacity known in CAD and left ventricular hypertrophy. PMID- 6218874 TI - Angiographic control of renal artery stenoses 6 months following percutaneous transluminal angioplasty. AB - Twenty-eight patients with a total of 32 stenoses of the renal artery were examined by angiography 6 months following percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA). The angiograms were obtained: (1) prior to PTA; (2) immediately following PTA; and (3) 6 months later. These angiograms were compared and the relationship of diameter of the stenosis (A) to the poststenotic region (B) was evaluated. In 22 cases (78.5%), 6 months post-PTA, the stenoses were no longer demonstrated; stenosis diameter (A) showed an average increase from 2.1 to 5.1 mm, while the poststenotic region (B) decreased from 7.7 to 5.6 mm on average. Five cases of partial stenoses (17.8%) seen on angiograms 6 months after PTA still showed a marked difference between A and B, with only a minimal reduction in area of B. In five patients with restenosis (17.8%), nearly the same results were obtained as in the pre-PTA state. Neither aneurysms nor renal arterial obstruction was found in our patient group. Rather, in most of our patients normalization of the renal vessels could be demonstrated on angiograms, supporting the choice of PTA as the preferred method of treatment of renal artery stenosis. PMID- 6218875 TI - Percutaneous transluminal dilatation for restoration of angioaccess in chronic hemodialysis patients. PMID- 6218876 TI - [Comparison of ECG findings in hypertrophy of the left ventricle with pathologico anatomic findings]. PMID- 6218877 TI - Evidence for a chalone control mechanism in the limb regeneration blastema of the newt, Notophthalmus viridescens. AB - The objective of this study was to investigate the possible involvement of chalones in the control of limb regeneration. Saline extracts of whole limb, skinned limb, kidney and liver were injected intraperitoneally, followed by 5 x 0 micrograms colchicine per g body weight into newts, Notophthalmus viridescens, bearing cone stage limb regenerates on both forelimbs. Forty-eight hours post injection, tissues were fixed and mitotic figures and pyknotic nuclei were counted in limb blastemata, liver and kidney. Animals injected with limb extracts had significantly fewer mitotic figures in their blastemata than animals injected with other extracts. Counts of mitotic figures from kidneys and livers of animals receiving homologous extract injections were significantly lower than counts of mitotic figures from kidneys and livers of animals receiving other extract injections. This indicates that the extracts were causing tissue specific mitotic inhibition. Pyknotic nuclei were not increased by extract injection, suggesting that the extracts were not cytotoxic. It is proposed that a chalone control mechanism is present in the tissues of the regenerating newt limb. PMID- 6218878 TI - Phosphatidylinositol turnover in platelet activation; calcium mobilization and protein phosphorylation. AB - Ca2+-activated, phospholipid-dependent protein kinase (C-kinase) in platelets is normally activated by diacylglycerol, which is derived from phosphatidylinositol through its receptor-linked breakdown. Under appropriate conditions this enzyme can also be activated by synthetic diacylglycerol which is directly added to intact platelets. C-Kinase thus activated preferentially phosphorylates an endogenous platelet protein having a molecular weight of approximately 40,000. This protein phosphorylation is merely a prerequisite but not a sufficient requirement for the release of serotonin. Evidence is presented suggesting that Ca2+ mobilization and C-kinase activation are synergistically involved in the physiological response of platelets to extracellular messengers, such as thrombin, collagen and platelet-activating factor. PMID- 6218879 TI - Inositol lipids and membrane function in erythrocytes. PMID- 6218880 TI - Dynein binding to microtubules containing microtubule-associated proteins. AB - Microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs), isolated from brain tubulin, bound to and saturated outer fibers of Chlamydomonas flagella. MAPs present on these microtubules prevented the subsequent recombination of dynein. MAPs also bound to intact axonemes and thus did not specifically bind to the dynein binding sites on the A subfiber. A molar ratio of 1 mole MAP2 per 27 moles tubulin dimers at saturation of the outer fibers with MAP2 suggested that MAPs could effectively interfere with dynein recombination only if the MAPs were near the dynein binding sites to sterically prevent binding. However, electron microscopic observations indicated that MAPs were not localized but, instead, were dispersed around the outer fibers. In addition, MAP2 present at saturating amounts on in vitro assembled brain microtubules had no significant effect on dynein binding. Dynein decorated microtubules contained clusters of arms suggesting that there may be cooperative interaction between the arms during dynein binding. Because the A subfiber of axonemes contains sites to which dynein preferentially attaches, MAPs may prevent recombination by interfering with cooperative binding to these specific sites. Dynein presumably binds with equal affinity to any protofilament on in vitro assembled microtubules, and, therefore, the MAPs may not be capable of effectively interfering with cooperative binding of dynein to these microtubules. PMID- 6218881 TI - Binding stoichiometry of 21S dynein to A and B subfiber microtubules. AB - The binding properties of Tetrahymena 21S dynein to doublet A and B subfiber microtubules were analyzed by both a turbidimetric assay (delta A350 nm) and electron microscopy. KCl-extracted, sucrose-gradient, purified 21S dynein binds to each of the two kinds of axonemal microtubules in both ATP-insensitive and ATP sensitive modes, even though only a single type of binding occurs to each of the subfibers in situ. Total dynein bound to axonemal microtubules is a composite of binding that is sensitive to dissociation by ATP and binding that is insensitive to ATP. Each exhibits a different binding profile. Total binding exhibits a sigmoid profile (h = 1.93) and saturates at 1.49 mg D/mg T. ATP-sensitive binding likewise exhibits a sigmoid profile (h = 2.66) but saturates at 1.06 mg D/mg T. Binding occurs with a similar affinity for both A and B subfibers. The Hill coefficient (h) for ATP-sensitive binding implies positive cooperativity between binding events. ATP-insensitive binding was studied independently in 20 microM ATP, 10 microM vanadate, which blocks ATP-sensitive binding. ATP-insensitive binding exhibits a hyperbolic profile (h = 1.0) and likewise occurs along each of the two kinds of axonemal tubules. Binding saturates at 0.87 mg D/mg T. The binding data suggest that the tubulin dimer has conserved both ATP-sensitive and ATP-insensitive binding sites for 21S dynein, even though the sites may not be expressed in vivo. PMID- 6218882 TI - Transient generation of displaced single-stranded DNA during nick translation. AB - We show that displaced single-stranded overhangs are transiently generated and destroyed during nick translation by E. coli DNA polymerase I. Evidence that hyper-rec mutants have an increased frequency of such overhang structures is discussed. The transient generation of overhangs may be significant for general recombination. The 5' leads to 3' exonuclease activity of polymerase I specifically hydrolyzes such overhangs to yield a nick. Overhangs are generated by polymerization, but after every polymerization step, either polymerase or exonuclease can act--55% of the time, polymerization occurred first. At this frequency overhangs of greater than or equal to 12 nucleotides are generated every 1300 nucleotides polymerized. We suggest that many DNA strand discontinuities are displaced single-stranded overhangs, rather than gaps or simple nicks. PMID- 6218883 TI - Analysis of nutR: a region of phage lambda required for antitermination of transcription. AB - The N gene product of coliphage lambda acts with host factors (Nus) through sites (nut) to render subsequent downstream transcription resistant to a variety of termination signals. These sites, nutR and nutL, are downstream, respectively, from the early promoters PR and PL. Thus a complicated set of molecular interactions are likely to occur at the nut sites. We have selected mutations in the nutR region that reduce the effectiveness of pN in altering transcription initiating at the PR promoter. DNA sequence analysis of three independently selected mutations revealed, in each case, a deletion of a single base pair in the cro gene. Consideration of the effect of such mutations on the extension of translation of cro message into the adjacent downstream nut region led to the identification of a consensus sequence CGCTCT(T)TAA that appears to play a role in the recognition of a host factor, possibly the NusA protein. PMID- 6218884 TI - Intron within the large rRNA gene of N. crassa mitochondria: a long open reading frame and a consensus sequence possibly important in splicing. AB - We describe the sequence of the 2295 nucleotide long intron and 245 nucleotides of the flanking exon sequences within the large (24S) rRNA gene of Neurospora crassa mitochondria. The intron contains a long open reading frame, which could correspond to ribosomal protein S5. Comparison with the corresponding intron of the large rRNA gene of yeast mitochondria reveals a single highly homologous 57 nucleotide long sequence, including the sequence (formula; see text), which is present in virtually all the sequenced introns of yeast, Aspergillus nidulans and Zea mays mitochondrial genes, and which may be important for their processing. Sequences closely related to this consensus sequence are also present within all four of the introns of nuclear rRNA genes which have been sequenced. The intron is located within a highly conserved region of the large rRNA sequence and at exactly the same site as in the corresponding introns in yeast mitochondria and also in Physarum polycephalum nuclei. PMID- 6218885 TI - Control of phage lambda development by stability and synthesis of cII protein: role of the viral cIII and host hflA, himA and himD genes. AB - The cII protein of bacteriophage lambda has a decisive role in the regulatory switch between the lysogenic and lytic pathways of viral development. Recent work has indicated that cII may be the primary control function providing for the initial partition between the two pathways, with other host and viral regulatory genes acting to determine the levels of cII in an infected cell. We have studied the synthesis and stability of cII protein with two experimental systems, phage infection and a cII-producing plasmid. We have found that the stability of cII is controlled by the host hflA and viral cIII genes; hflA protein facilitates degradation of cII, whereas cIII protects cII. The synthesis of cII appears to be under the positive control of the host himA and himD genes. We conclude that posttranscriptional regulation of cII by host and viral genes is critical for the choice of a developmental pathway. PMID- 6218886 TI - Repressor structure and the mechanism of positive control. AB - It has been suggested that the lambda repressor stimulates transcription of its own gene by binding to the lambda operator and contacting RNA polymerase bound to the adjacent promoter. We describe three different mutants (called pc) of the lambda phage repressor that are specifically deficient in the positive control function. We show that the amino acid residues altered in the pc mutants lie on the surface of the DNA-bound repressor that we predict, based on structural and other evidence, would most closely approach DNA-bound polymerase. Furthermore, we describe a pc mutant of the P22 repressor. We argue that in both the lambda and P22 repressors a structure comprised of two alpha helices has two functions: to bind DNA and to contact RNA polymerase. In the two cases, however, different regions of this structure contact polymerase to mediate positive control. PMID- 6218887 TI - The effect of a lambda repressor mutation on the activation of transcription initiation from the lambda PRM promoter. AB - Wild-type lambda repressor activates transcription from the lambda PRM promoter by stimulating the rate-limiting isomerization step in the initiation reaction. The positive-control mutants of lambda repressor retain the ability to bind operator DNA normally, but fail to activate transcription from the lambda PRM promoter in vivo. We have characterized one of these mutants in vitro, and have determined the biochemical nature of the defect. We show that the mutant repressor was deficient in its ability to stimulate the isomerization step in transcription initiation. The initial binding of RNA polymerase to PRM was only slightly reduced by the mutant repressor. We also found that the mutant and wild type repressors had similar affinities for all three binding sites in the rightward operator. These results provide support for the hypothesis that direct repressor-RNA polymerase interactions are important in the PRM activation mechanism. PMID- 6218888 TI - Antibodies against Z DNA react with the macronucleus but not the micronucleus of the hypotrichous ciliate stylonychia mytilus. AB - Using indirect immunofluorescence, we studied the reaction of antibodies specific for left-handed Z DNA with the nuclei of the hypotrichous ciliate Stylonychia mytilus. In the vegetative cell, the macronucleus reacts strongly with these antibodies, but no reaction can be detected with micronuclei. However, an antibody that binds to denatured and right-handed B DNA reacts with both types of nuclei. No reaction of the anti-Z DNA antibody is seen in the macronuclear replication band. Digestion of macronuclei with DNAase I leads to a decrease in the anti-Z DNA antibody reaction. Some stages of the developing macronucleus were also investigated. No reaction is seen at the polytene chromosome stage, but following DNA elimination the nucleus is seen to react with the antibody. PMID- 6218889 TI - Androgen-regulated expression of a cloned rat prostatic c3 gene transfected into mouse mammary tumor cells. AB - The expression of the rat prostatic steroid binding protein gene C3 is androgen responsive in vivo in the rat prostate. Recombinant transfection vectors were constructed containing a cloned C3 rat gene ligated directly into the dominant acting selection vector pSV2-gpt, and were used to transfect androgen-responsive mouse mammary tumor cells (S115 cells). Transformants containing intact copies of the C3 gene were isolated and shown by primer extension analysis to produce C3 transcripts that had authentic 5' termini. The steady state level of the transcripts was under androgen control in three cell lines tested which had low copy numbers of the intact C3 gene, but was not regulated in a cell line which had a very high C3 gene copy number. Despite this difference in the androgenic regulation of integrated C3 rat genes, both type of cell lines still demonstrated androgen-regulated growth characteristics. PMID- 6218890 TI - Replication of Drosophila chromosomes. IX. Stimulation of initiation of polytene replication cycles in vitro by juvenile hormone. AB - A greater proportion of polytene nuclei show [3H]thymidine incorporation when third instar larval salivary glands of Drosophila nasuta are pulse-labelled after in vitro culture (3-24 h) in the presence of a juvenile hormone mimic, ZR 515. In glands chronically labelled with [3H]thymidine in the presence of ZR 515, more nuclei are seen to have entered new polytene replication cycles. Similarly, when salivary glands from larvae fed on 5-fluorodeoxyuridine to block polytene replication cycles at intersynthetic periods were cultured in vitro, new polytene replication cycles were initiated more quickly in the presence of ZR 515. These results suggest a stimulatory effect of juvenile hormone on new polytene replication cycles. PMID- 6218891 TI - Antigenically activated helper T cells are required as stimulator cells for optimal activation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes under conditions of limiting helper factors. AB - This paper deals with the question of how antigenically activated helper cells interact with cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) precursor cells in an environment where helper factor is limiting. Experiments in culture systems with limiting concentrations of helper factor indicated that the (optimal) activation of CTL required antigenically activated helper T cells as stimulator cells. These experiments were performed partly in macrocultures which contained prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and partly in microcultures with small numbers of responder cells and without additional helper factors. The results showed that a strong activation of CTL against TNP-haptenated syngeneic or semiallogeneic cells occurred only if the cultures contained TNP-haptenated stimulator cells from euthymic but not athymic donors and if the haptenated stimulator cells were exposed to allogeneic determinants. Moreover, combinations of F1-hybrid stimulator cells and parental responder cells generated no substantial cytotoxic responses against determinants of the other parent, unless the cultures were supplemented with a source of I region determinants which were foreign to the semiallogeneic stimulator cells. Strong responses against haptenated syngeneic or semiallogeneic stimulator cells were obtained, however, when helper factors were added to the cultures. It was concluded that our cultures with limiting concentrations of helper factors required a close proximity between helper T cells and CTL precursor cells; and this proximity was obviously provided by the receptors of the CTL precursor cells with no detectable contribution from the helper-T-cell receptors. Allogeneically activated helper T cells in the responder cell population or in a second irradiated spleen cell population which did not bear the target antigens delivered no substantial helper effect to the CTL precursor cells under test. PMID- 6218892 TI - Induction of suppressor cells in autologous mixed lymphocyte culture (AMLC) in humans. AB - T cells stimulated for 6-7 days in autologous mixed lymphocyte culture (AMLC) showed suppressive effects when added to fresh mixed cultures where autologous lymphocytes (A) were stimulated by Mitomycin C-treated allogeneic lymphocytes (Xm), in a ratio of A:Xm:AMLC-activated cells of 1:1:0.5. Both cytotoxic and proliferative activities in second cultures, as assayed after 6 days of incubation, were significantly inhibited (percentage suppression of cytotoxic activity observed in 17 experiments was 75.3 +/- 22.4; percentage suppression of proliferation was 60.6 +/- 18.2). Suppressor cells (SC) generated in AMLC were Mitomycin C sensitive and nonspecific in their action; not only A/Xm but also X/Am and X/Ym cultures were suppressed to the same extent. AMLC-Activated cells showed a considerable degree of proliferation in response to alloantigens but failed to express any cytotoxic activity against autologous or allogeneic phytohemagglutinin blasts. Thus, the inhibitory effect observed in this system is not due to cytotoxic elimination of responding or stimulating cells in the second culture but rather reflects a true regulatory (suppressive) mechanism. PMID- 6218893 TI - Resistance and susceptibility to infection in inbred murine strains. I. Variations in the response to thymic hormones in mice infected with Candida albicans. AB - Nine inbred murine strains were either highly resistant or highly susceptible to intravenous challenge with 4 X 10(4) to 1 X 10(5) cells of Candida albicans. The resistant strains had the capacity to develop delayed footpad reactions on appropriate sensitization and challenge; the susceptible strains did not have this innate capacity. Administration of thymosin fraction 5 beginning on the day of infection greatly increased the resistance of the susceptible strains to infection, but decreased the resistance of the resistant strains. In contrast, thymosin fraction 5 enhanced the delayed footpad responses of resistant sensitized mice to specific antigen, but did not have a detectable effect on the delayed footpad reactions of the susceptible strains. Reinfection of the two types of strains had different effects, in that, depending on the strain, resistance could be increased, decreased, or not influenced at all. PMID- 6218894 TI - Identification of beta-lymphotoxin as the predominant molecular class of in vitro and in vivo Syrian hamster lymphotoxin. AB - The molecular class of Golden Syrian hamster lymphotoxin produced in vitro and in vivo was determined by size-exclusion high-performance liquid chromatography using silica-based protein separation columns eluted with a 0.1 M sodium phosphate, pH 7.4 buffer containing 0.1% Mr 4000 polyethylene glycol. Lymphotoxin cytolytic activity was quantitated in the column effluent by measuring the ability of the fractions to lyse alpha-L929 cells as indicated by [3H]TdR release. Lymphotoxin activity induced by an 8- or 24-hr or 5-day phytohemagglutinin stimulation of peritoneal leukocytes, by 24-hr phytohemagglutinin-coated alpha-L929-cell stimulation of peritoneal leukocytes, or by 24-hr phytohemagglutinin stimulation of spleen cells occurred in the Mr range of 20,000-56,000, with major components in the 35,000-50,000 beta lymphotoxin region. No activity was present in the complex (greater than 200,000) region and only minimal activity was detectable in the alpha (70,000-160,000) and gamma (12,000-20,000) regions. In vivo-induced lymphotoxin, obtained by peritoneal lavage 48 hr after intraperitoneal administration of phytohemagglutinin, was entirely beta-lymphotoxin and was not detectable in the plasma. Lymphotoxin produced in vitro and injected simultaneously with the gamma emitting radionuclide 99mtechnetium, inhibited in vivo development of radiation induced transplacental carcinogenesis. Thus, Syrian hamster lymphotoxin with antitumor activity consists of glycoproteins with isoelectric points of 4.8-5.2, Mr of 20,000-56,000, and major in vitro and in vivo forms in the beta-lymphotoxin range. PMID- 6218895 TI - Ontogeny of human Ia antigens. PMID- 6218896 TI - Normally occurring inhibitory cells for natural killer cell activity. I. Organ distribution. PMID- 6218897 TI - The mechanism of cell-mediated cytotoxicity. II. The apparent biochemical requirements for cytolysis are influenced by the source and frequency of murine cytotoxic T lymphocytes. PMID- 6218898 TI - Characterization of canine T-lymphocyte subpopulations: the detection of T mu and T gamma lymphocytes with homologous and heterologous immunoglobulins and the requirements for Fc receptor expression. PMID- 6218899 TI - IgG Fc receptor-bearing cells during early lymphoid cell development in the chicken. PMID- 6218900 TI - Immunoregulation in MRL/Mp-lpr/lpr mice: evidence for decreased helper-T-cell and increased suppressor-T-cell function with age. PMID- 6218901 TI - [The Society for Microbiology and Epidemiology and the Health Service]. PMID- 6218902 TI - [Rabies vaccine in Czechoslovakia. II. Lyophilized rabies vaccine from brain tissue inactivated by UV irradiation]. PMID- 6218903 TI - [The value of bacteriologic findings in patients with a pulmonary abscess and thoracic empyema]. PMID- 6218904 TI - [Characteristics of plasmids of gram-negative bacteria resistant to gentamicin]. PMID- 6218905 TI - [100 years since the discovery of the tuberculosis agent by Robert Koch]. PMID- 6218906 TI - [Study of the immunosuppressive effects of hydrocortisone in golden hamsters]. PMID- 6218907 TI - [An autoclave for sterilizing with a combination of formaldehyde and steam]. PMID- 6218908 TI - [Epidemic incidence of disease caused by M. pneumoniae 1980-1981]. PMID- 6218909 TI - [Dental care for patients, treated with an artificial kidney]. PMID- 6218911 TI - [Herbal studies on Ba-Ji-Tian]. PMID- 6218910 TI - [Scintigraphic control of the vascular flow of cytostatics in regional perfusion]. PMID- 6218912 TI - [The bark of Juglans mandshurica should not used as 'Qin-Pin" (Cortex fraxini)]. PMID- 6218913 TI - [Survey of medicin 'Prescription for 52 diseases" (an old medicinal book)]. PMID- 6218914 TI - [The rearing of Hippocampus]. PMID- 6218915 TI - [Test of preservation on decoction of medicinal herbs]. PMID- 6218916 TI - [Studies on the degree of in vitro release and factors affecting tabellae Eupatorii lindleyani]. PMID- 6218917 TI - [Annotation on the terms in common use in preparing medicinal herbs in small pieces]. PMID- 6218918 TI - [Studies on phosphatides in 5 kinds of sheep horns]. PMID- 6218919 TI - [A new kind of ergot grown on Sorghum vulgare]. PMID- 6218920 TI - [The effect of "Xiao-Ke-Zheng" recipe on blood sugar levels]. PMID- 6218922 TI - [Observation on subacute toxicity of aerosols of some Chinese herbal drugs on the respiratory system of rabbits]. PMID- 6218921 TI - [Exploration on Radix trichosanthis on the model of anaphylactic shock in mice]. PMID- 6218923 TI - [Sun Simiao: king of medicinal herbs in China]. PMID- 6218924 TI - [Basic Chinese-English terms on Chinese materia medica]. PMID- 6218925 TI - [The use of an orthogonal design for analysing the effects of Chinese drug combinations--the experimentation of an orthogonal test at the same level with interaction]. PMID- 6218926 TI - [Studies on the identification of Ban-Xia from various sources]. PMID- 6218927 TI - Single-dose treatment of falciparum malaria with mefloquine: field studies with different doses in semi-immune adults and children in Burma. AB - Different doses of mefloquine (20 and 30 mg/kg of body weight in children, and 750 and 1000 mg in adults) were tested in controlled clinical trials in 89 children and 60 adults who were semi-immune carriers of Plasmodium falciparum. There was no significant difference in the efficacy of the two doses, either in the children or in the adults. An RI-type resistance was found in 1 adult, when recrudescence occurred on day 7, and in 4 children, who showed recrudescence on day 14. In all 5 patients, spontaneous disappearance of parasites was observed at further parasitological checks, thus indicating that mefloquine has a prolonged action. One patient who vomited after taking the drug was successfully retreated with mefloquine on day 14.Nausea, giddiness, and vomiting are the three symptoms most frequently attributed to mefloquine. The incidence of nausea and giddiness was similar in both dosage groups, but the adults in the higher dosage group had a significantly higher frequency of vomiting than those in the low-dose group.In view of the rapid and reliable action of a single dose, mefloquine seems to be the drug of choice for treatment of cases of falciparum malaria that are resistant to 4-aminoquinolines and to sulfonamide-pyrimethamine combinations. A dose of 20 mg per kg of body weight for children and 750 mg for adults is sufficient for treatment of semi-immune persons. PMID- 6218928 TI - Fall in incidence of guinea-worm infection in western Nigeria after periodic treatment of infected persons. AB - Between 1971 and 1974 a series of drug trials was conducted in 17 rural communities in western Nigeria where guinea-worm is endemic. During these trials and in subsequent years treatment, in the form of chemotherapy and/or dressing of ulcers, was given to all infected persons. A longitudinal study of infection in these villages showed a marked fall in the annual incidence over an 8-year period. The aggregate reduction in incidence in the three sectors surveyed was from 15.5% to 0.5% in sector 1, 29.8% to 0.4% in sector 2, and 20.3% to 0.0% in sector 3. The change appeared to be partly due to the treatment, which reduced the reservoir of infection and the rate of pollution of the water supply. Most of the sources of water continued to harbour Cyclops, none of which was found to be infected with Dracunculus, but which were shown experimentally to be capable of sustaining infection. The study demonstrates the potential role of therapeutic measures in controlling guinea-worm infection. It is suggested that the satisfactory measure of control that has been achieved could be increased by elimination of the Cyclops, with a view to total eradication of the disease from affected communities. Attention is drawn to the relevance of the findings for the International Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation Decade. PMID- 6218929 TI - The effects of immobilization and of electrical stimulation on muscle glycogen and myofibrillar ATPase. AB - This study observed biochemical changes that occur when an athlete's limb is immobilized for six weeks, and determined if electrical stimulation could alter any of these changes. A control group (n = 3) and a stimulation group (n = 6) who had undergone major knee surgery, consented to a series of muscle biopsies of the vastus lateralis muscle. Both groups engaged in standard rehabilitative procedures following cast removal. The stimulation group's therapy also consisted of electrical stimulation (f = 2500 Hz.) of the quadricep group. The results indicate that ATPase activity decreased in the control group during the immobilization period (from 0.321 +/- 0.095 mumoles Pi/mg./min. to 0.205 +/- 0.032 mumoles Pi/mg./min.) but not in the stimulation group (from 0.268 +/- 0.022 mumoles Pi/mg./min. to 0.296 +/- 0.073 mumoles Pi/mg./min.), p less than 0.05. The stimulation did not appear to have any effect on glycogen concentrations. It is suggested that electrical stimulation retards the decrements in biochemical characteristics of human muscle due to immobilization. PMID- 6218930 TI - Effects of prochlorperazine on experimental nephrotoxicity. AB - In early studies of the antitumor drug 1-(2-chloroethyl)-3-(4-methylcyclohexyl) 1nitrosourea (methyl-CCNU), animal models consistently predicted that the compound would be nephrotoxic in humans. Nephrotoxicity in cancer patients who had received methyl-CCNU was not confirmed until about 6 years after clinical trials began. We have investigated the possibility that prochlorperazine, a commonly used antiemetic, might affect the development of nephrotoxicity. Prochlorperazine (1, 2, 5, and 8 mg/kg IP on days 1-3) produced a dose-related reduction in the concentrations of plasma urea nitrogen in mice that received nephrotoxic doses of methyl-CCNU (42, 52, or 63 mg/kg IP on day 1). The frequency and severity of renal lesions evaluated histopathologically were reduced significantly as the prochlorperazine dose increased. To study further this apparent protective activity of prochlorperazine, we chose a second nephrotoxin, mercuric chloride (HgCl2, 1 mg/kg IP on day 1) and a rodent species used more commonly as a model for nephrotoxicity, the rat. Prochlorperazine (2.5 or 10 mg/kg IP on days 1-5) inhibited HgCl2-induced urinary excretion of N acetylglucosaminidase and leucine aminopeptidase. Urinary excretion of these enzymes on day 1 reflected proximal tubular epithelial degeneration and necrosis in rats that received HgCl2 alone. The severity of HgCl2-induced renal lesions evaluated histopathologically on day 16 was significantly reduced by combination treatment with prochlorperazine. Phenothiazines have numerous pharmacologic properties that might account for this observation, and additional studies will be required to establish the mechanism of this protective effect of prochlorperazine against acute nephrotoxicity in rodents. PMID- 6218932 TI - Assay of some endogenous and synthetic sex steroids for tumor-initiating activity in rat liver using the Solt-Farber system. AB - Endogenous (estradiol-17 beta; progesterone) and synthetic (ethinyl estradiol; cyproterone acetate; norethindrone acetate; norethynodrel) sex steroids were evaluated for tumor-initiating activity in the rat liver using the Solt-Farber system. All steroids were negative. This provides further evidence that tumor formation in long-term rodent bioassays by these compounds may be due to epigenetic mechanisms. PMID- 6218931 TI - A new nitrosourea derivative TA-077, 1-(2-chloroethyl)-3-isobutyl-3-(beta maltosyl)-1-nitrosourea. I. Comparative study on antitumor activity. AB - A new water-soluble nitrosourea derivative, 1-(2-chloroethyl)-3-isobutyl-3-(beta maltosyl)-1-nitrosourea (TA-077), was tested for antitumor activity against murine tumors and a human mammary carcinoma (MX-1) implanted in athymic mice, and the results were compared with those obtained with five other nitrosourea derivatives currently in clinical use: 1-(2-chloroethyl)-3-(methyl-alpha-D glucopyranos-6-yl)-1-nitrosourea (MCNU), 1-(2-chloroethyl)-3-(beta-D glucopyranosyl)-1-nitrosourea (GANU), 3-[(4-amino-2-methyl-5-pyrimidinyl) methyl] 1-(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea hydrochloride (ACNU), chlorozotocin, and 1-(2 chloroethyl)-3-(4-methylcyclohexyl)-1-nitrosourea (Me-CCNU). PMID- 6218933 TI - Rhythms and rhymes: developing communication in very young blind and multihandicapped children. AB - Communicative behaviours develop in early infancy. Blind and multihandicapped infants are at risk in developing social signal behaviours that serve the purpose of signalling the attention of adults and engaging adults in shared interactions and social routines. Primary intersubjectivity or adult-infant interaction has been shown to provide the matrix in which communicative behaviours are acquired. The social routine is one form of adult-infant interaction in which mutuality and shared attention to the same event is developed. The results of this study indicate that very young blind and multihandicapped children can develop intentional and communicative behaviours in the course of social routines based on traditional nursery rhymes. Of particular interest were the youngest subjects who were 15 months-2 years and 3 months at the start of the study. These subjects demonstrated a variety of social responses to interaction with adults. Their responsiveness was expressed in the modalities that were most accessible to them. The physically handicapped children used vocalization as a primary mode of communication, while the physically active depended on physical gestures and postures. PMID- 6218934 TI - The physiotherapist in the developmental management of the visually impaired child. AB - The role of the developmental physiotherapist, rather than the general physiotherapist, in a developmental vision team is described. Physiotherapy can contribute to both the assessment and intervention programmes. Motor development and associated postural reactions will be trained, abnormal postures prevented or decreased, and body image and use of residual vision developed. Selection and supervision of aids and play equipment, as well as decreasing of physical handicap, are also included in the physiotherapist's role in helping the child and his family. PMID- 6218935 TI - Guidance for parents of a handicapped child. PMID- 6218936 TI - The relationship of human atrial cellular electrophysiology to clinical function and ultrastructure. AB - Although previous studies have described the electrophysiological and ultrastructural characteristics of human cardiac fibers, no attempt has been made as yet to describe quantitatively the relationship between the ultrastructural and cellular electrophysiological derangements occurring with cardiac disease, and their clinical manifestations. In this study, we used standard microelectrode techniques to record the action potential characteristics of human atrial fibers obtained during cardiac surgery and correlated the electrophysiological parameters with clinical and ultrastructural data. Ultrastructure was studied by optical and electron microscopy. We found a multiple linear regression among maximum diastolic potential, atrial size and pressure, P wave duration and ultrastructure changes. Proliferations of Z band material, widening of intercalated discs, and degenerative changes were quantified and correlated with electrophysiological and clinical data. These studies emphasize the relationship between hemodynamic anomalies and resultant changes in both human atrial fiber structure and electrical function. Finally, the likelihood of occurrence of arrhythmias can be predicted using the analytic method described. PMID- 6218937 TI - Thyroxine-induced hypertrophy of the rabbit heart. Effect on regional oxygen extraction, flow, and oxygen consumption. AB - The effects of the administration of 0.5 or 1 mg/kg of 1-thyroxine for 3 or 16 days were studied in 55 New Zealand white rabbits. Heart size was 29% above control after 16 days of 1-thyroxine, despite lower body weights. In an anesthetized open-chest animal, regional microspectro-photometric observations of small arteries and veins to determine oxygen extraction were combined with regional blood flow measurements using radioactive microspheres to determine regional oxygen consumption by the Fick principle. Vascular flow reserves were studied through measurement of blood flow after the administration of chromonar HCl, 10 mg/kg. Myocardial oxygen consumption was, respectively, 2.4 and 3.8 times control after 3 and 16 days of 1-thyroxine. This was accompanied by significant increases in both coronary blood flow and oxygen extraction. In control, oxygen extraction and consumption were higher in the subendocardial region compared to the subepicardial area. No significant regional differences were found in flow, oxygen extraction, or consumption after 1-thyroxine administration. Chromonar increased coronary blood flow 2.8 times in the control animals, but did not significantly increase flow or decrease vascular resistance in the rabbits given 1-thyroxine. Adenosine increased coronary blood flow 3.5 times in the control animals but only 2.2 times in animals given 1-thyroxine for 3 days. Animals given 1-thyroxine had hypertrophied hearts with increased oxygen consumption, markedly increased flow, and increased oxygen extraction but without regional left ventricular differences. PMID- 6218938 TI - Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty: report of complications from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute PTCA Registry. AB - The complications reported in the first 1500 patients enrolled in the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty (PTCA) Registry are analyzed. Data were contributed from 73 centers between September 1977 and April 1981. PTCA was successful in 63% of attempts. Five hundred forty-three in-hospital complications occurred in 314 patients (21%). The most frequent complications were prolonged angina in 121, myocardial infarction (MI) in 72, and coronary occlusion in 70. One hundred thirty-eight patients (9.2%) had major complications (MI, emergency surgery or in-hospital death). One hundred two patients (6.8%) required emergency surgery, usually for coronary dissection or coronary occlusion. Sixteen patients (1.1%) died in-hospital; the mortality rate was 0.85% in patients with one-vessel disease and 1.9% in those with multivessel disease. The mortality rate was significantly higher in patients who had had bypass surgery (p less than 0.001). Nonfatal complications were significantly influenced by the presence of unstable angina (p less than 0.001) and initial lesion severity greater than 90% diameter stenosis (p less than 0.001). This report delineates and assesses the complications encountered with PTCA during its initial 3 1/2-year clinical experience. These results support the relative safety of PTCA as a method of nonsurgical myocardial revascularization in carefully selected patients. PMID- 6218939 TI - The acute hemodynamic effects of a new agent, MDL 17,043, in the treatment of congestive heart failure. AB - MDL 17,043 administered intravenously or orally exerts positive inotropic and vasodilator actions in experimental animal preparations. We studied its acute hemodynamic effects in 15 patients with severe congestive heart failure by right heart catheterization. Intravenous MDL 17,043 at 10 minutes increased cardiac index (3.4 +/- 0.8 vs 1.9 +/- 0.4 l/min/m2), narrowed arteriovenous oxygen content difference (4.6 +/- 0.8 vs 7.8 +/- 2.0 vol%), increased heart rate (98 +/ 14 vs 89 +/- 18 beats/min), and decreased systemic arterial (67 +/- 10 vs 83 +/- 11 mm Hg), pulmonary capillary wedge (12 +/- 5 vs 24 +/- 5 mm Hg) and right atrial (6 +/- 5 vs 12 +/- 7 mm Hg) mean pressures significantly (p less than 0.001). In 11 patients, hemodynamics were monitored hourly for 6 hours. Compared with baseline, the cardiac index and heart rate were higher and mean systemic arterial pressure was lower for 6 hours; pulmonary capillary and right atrial mean pressures were significantly lower for 5 hours. No serious arrhythmias or side effects occurred. These data suggest that MDL 17,043 may be useful for treating congestive heart failure. PMID- 6218940 TI - Geometric determinants of electrocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy. AB - Experimental studies have suggested that electrocardiographic recognition of left ventricular hypertrophy depends on geometric relationships involving wall thickness and chamber size. To determine the clinical significance of these observations, we studied the effects of echocardiographic LV mass (LVM), posterior wall thickness (PWT), interventricular septal thickness (IVST) and internal dimension (LVID) on ECG voltage in 360 patients. Standard voltage and nonvoltage manifestations of LVH correlated modestly with LVM (r = 0.33-0.44, p less than 0.001). Sokolow-Lyon precordial voltage (SLV) (SV1 + RV5 or V6) correlated moderately with LVM (r = 0.41, p less than 0.001), but correlated less well with IVST (r = 0.26), PWT (r = 0.24) or LVID (r = 0.22). Stepwise regression revealed that there was no relation, independent of LVM, between SLV and IVST (r = 0.03), PWT (r = 0.03) or LVID (r = 0.01). The 90 patients with increased LVM (greater than 215 g) but without LVH by SLV (false negatives) were compared with the 48 identified by SLV (true positives). False negatives differed from true positives in LVM (298 +/- 72 vs 339 +/- 98 g, p less than 0.01), age (55 +/- 18 vs 44 +/- 19 years, p less than 0.001), weight (70 +/- 16 vs 63 +/- 14 kg, p less than 0.02), and distance from skin to the interventricular septum (42 +/- 10 vs 38 +/- 8 mm, p less than 0.02). Thus, for a given LVM, ECG voltage criteria of LVH are independent of LV chamber dilatation or other geometric variables, but depend on age, weight and LV depth in the chest, suggesting that stratification of subjects by clinical variables has promise for improved electrocardiographic recognition of LVH. PMID- 6218941 TI - A comparison of hysterosalpingography and laparoscopy in the investigation of infertility. AB - From 1974-1980, 85 patients were investigated with both hysterosalpingography (HSG) and laparoscopy. Discordant diagnosis of adhesions made the largest group of disagreements. The causes of such and other discrepancies are discussed. The Authors conclude that laparoscopy is necessary to establish a conclusive assessment of the tubal factor and must be performed before HSG. The radiologic investigation still has its place to demonstrate lesions of endosalpinx before microsurgery. PMID- 6218942 TI - Plasminogen activator release during venous stasis and exercise as determined by a new specific assay. AB - A method for the specific determination of tissue plasminogen activator in plasma samples has been developed. The method is based on a recently described parabolic rate assay for tissue plasminogen activator (Ranby and Wallen, 1980) measuring plasmin activity by a chromogenic tripeptide-paranitroanilide substrate. The potential interference by plasmin inhibitors in plasma is overcome by acidification of the plasma samples to pH 4 for 15 min prior to the analysis. The baseline activity (after 10 min of rest) in 22 healthy individuals was determined to be 0.05 +/- 0.03 (SD) IU/ml (0.2 +/- 0.1 ng/ml). After venous occlusion for 10 min at 100 mm Hg the activator concentrations had increased to 1.2 +/- 1.2 (SD) IU/ml (5.2 +/- 5.2 ng/ml). Furthermore, prior to venous occlusion almost no plasmin-alpha 2-antiplasmin complex was found in the samples, whereas a pronounced increase in this complex was noted in 90% of the subjects after venous occlusion. During exercise, a gradual work-load dependent increase of tissue plasminogen activator concentration was observed. At maximal work-load the concentration was 2.3 +/- 1.9 (SD) IU/ml (9.9 +/- 8.1 ng/ml active enzyme), which after 10 min rest decreased to 26 +/- 12 (SD) % of the values at maximal work load. In these samples only small amounts of plasmin-alpha 2-antiplasmin complex were detected, although the activator content was of the same order of magnitude as after venous occlusion. PMID- 6218944 TI - Undifferentiated lymphoma cells respond to PWM in the presence of theophylline or helper T cells. PMID- 6218943 TI - [Metabolic changes in the rats with bilateral lesions of ventromedial hypothalamus]. PMID- 6218945 TI - The unsuitability of the leukocyte adherence inhibition assay for diagnosis of Huntington's chorea. PMID- 6218946 TI - Inflammatory bowel disease: prevalence and level of activation of circulating T lymphocyte subpopulations mediating suppressor/cytotoxic and helper function as defined by monoclonal antibodies. PMID- 6218947 TI - Inverted ratio of inducer to suppressor T-lymphocyte subsets in drug abusers with opportunistic infections. PMID- 6218948 TI - Once weekly administration of levamisole in rheumatoid arthritis. AB - The therapeutic as well as the unwanted effects, in rheumatoid arthritis patients, of once weekly administration of 150 mg levamisole were compared, under double-blind conditions, with 3 50-mg daily doses of levamisole for 3 consecutive days weekly and placebo. The applied minimization method was used to assign patients to treatment groups so that all groups were comparable at the start of the trial. All patients were evaluated monthly, for 26 weeks. Three patients on the levamisole 3-day-weekly dosage interrupted their treatment because of side effects. Except for the unwanted effects, the differences in the therapeutic efficacy in the 2 levamisole groups were not statistically significant. Twenty one patients (3 in the levamisole once weekly administration group and 18 in the placebo group) interrupted their treatment because of inefficacy. Placebo was statistically less effective than the active drug. It is concluded that once weekly is as effective as 3-day-weekly administration of levamisole, but has fewer side-effects. PMID- 6218949 TI - Osteogenetic activity in composite grafts of demineralized compact bone and marrow. AB - The effects of a composite graft of autologous marrow and demineralized autologous compact bone on the healing of a surgically created bone defect were observed in adult rabbits. A segment of the radius was bilaterally resected, demineralized, and replaced. On one side the bone graft was supplemented with autologous marrow. The new bone formation was measured 14 and 28 days after operation by roentgenography, including planimetry with scintigraphy and autoradiography using 99mTc-labelled MDP. The composite graft, i.e., demineralized compact bone and marrow, had a significantly higher (p less than 0.01) bone formation rate 14 days after operation compared with the graft with demineralized compact bone in the opposite radius. At 28 days, however, there were no differences between the sides. Viable autologous marrow cells and demineralized autologous compact bone graft accelerate the rate of osteogenesis, but only at the beginning of the healing process. PMID- 6218950 TI - Difficulty of diagnosing infected hypertrophic pseudarthrosis by radionuclide imaging. AB - Hypertrophic pseudarthrosis was studied with Tc-99m MDP and Ga-67 citrate in 11 patients. Two of the 11 pseudarthroses were complicated by infection. A high concentration of both radiopharmaceuticals was obtained at all 11 sites and their distribution patterns were identical. It was therefore impossible to distinguish the infected from the noninfected pseudarthroses by using Ga-67. PMID- 6218951 TI - Intraosseous ganglion. Bone imaging with Tc-99m MDP. AB - Intraosseous ganglia are benign cystic lesions of bone located in close relationship to the articular cartilage. The typical location and roentgenographic appearance of this lesion should permit a diagnosis of this entity which should be considered in the differential diagnosis of benign lesions of bone. Appearance of this lesion on a bone scan is shown in this case report. PMID- 6218952 TI - Skull scintigraphy. Parietal foramina. PMID- 6218953 TI - Scintigraphy in disseminated coccidioidomycosis. PMID- 6218954 TI - The treatment of chronic pain. PMID- 6218955 TI - Echocardiography in evaluation of hypertension. PMID- 6218956 TI - Support for carers: who cares? PMID- 6218957 TI - Support for carers: a change of focus. PMID- 6218958 TI - Studies on the underhydroxylated basement membrane procollagen synthesized by rat parietal yolk sacs in the presence of alpha,alpha'-dipydridyl. AB - Rat embryo parietal yolk sacs synthesized and secreted underhydroxylated [14C]proline-labeled basement membrane procollagen when incubated in the presence of the iron chelator alpha,alpha'-dipyridyl and [14C]proline. Upon reduction and sodium dodecyl sulfate-agarose gel filtration, this procollagen eluted as a discrete peak of labeled material close to the position of the beta components of type I collagen. Secreted underhydroxylated procollagen contained interchain disulfide bonds and was completely degraded by a 6 hr treatment with alpha chymotrypsin at 4 degrees C. Results from 4 hr incubations indicated that the distribution of 14C-procollagen between tissue and medium was unaffected by the presence of alpha,alpha'-dipyridyl, but analysis of results from pulse-label and chase experiments revealed that underhydroxylated procollagen was secreted at less than half the rate of control procollagen. PMID- 6218959 TI - Kinetics of the incorporation of tropoelastin into elastic fibers in embryonic chick aorta. AB - Matrix-free cells isolated by enzymic digestion of chick embryo aortas were labeled with [14C]proline for 20 to 60 min and the kinetics of the secretion of tropoelastin were followed by chasing the label and assaying [14C]tropoelastin in the cells and in the medium. The results indicated that secretion of tropoelastin followed the kinetics of a single first order process with a half time of 60 min. In parallel experiments tissue explants of chick embryo aortas were labeled with [14C]proline and the kinetics for the incorporation of tropoelastin into elastic fibers were followed by chasing the label and assaying the soluble [14C]tropoelastin and insoluble [14C]elastin in tissues. It was found that the incorporation of tropoelastin into elastic fibers also followed a single first order process with a half time of 85 min, similar to the secretion of tropoelastin from cells. In further studies, antibodies directed against tropoelastin were utilized to isolate soluble [14C]elastin components in the tissues after 0 to 4 hr chase of the 14C label. The results demonstrated that all soluble elastin components were recovered as monomeric tropoelastin and no soluble oligomeric elastin could be detected. These results are consistent with the proposition that elastic fiber growth occurs by addition of individual tropoelastin molecules to existing fibers and that oligomers of elastin were not intermediates in the process. PMID- 6218961 TI - The effect of cis-4-hydroxy-L-proline on intracellular degradation of newly synthesized collagen by freshly isolated chick tendon fibroblasts. AB - Freshly isolated embryonic chick tendon cells were incubated for 6 hrs in suspension culture in the presence of the proline analogue, cis-4-hydroxyproline to cause the cells to synthesize collagen which was incapable of becoming triple helical. The cells were evaluated for the percentage of total protein synthesis devoted to collagen and for the percentage of newly synthesized collagen which was rapidly degraded. Collagen production in the presence of cis-4-hydroxyproline was reduced from 25% to 7% of total protein synthesis. Under normal conditions the cells degraded 8% of their newly synthesized collagen but when the cells were incubated in the presence of cis-4-hydroxyproline, 25% of their total collagen synthesized was degraded to dialyzable peptides. The enhanced degradation of nonhelical, analogue containing collagen was inhibited by inhibitors of lysosome function. These observations provide support for the concept that fibroblasts are able to recognize and degrade a portion of their newly synthesized collagen, and that defective collagen may be selectively degraded by an intracellular lysosomal process. Enhanced intracellular degradation can in part explain the decrease in collagen production by freshly isolated tendon fibroblasts incubated with cis-4 hydroxyproline. PMID- 6218960 TI - Glycosylation of human glomerular basement membrane collagen: increased content of hexose in ketoamine linkage and unaltered hydroxylysine-O-glycosides in patients with diabetes. AB - To study the glycosylation of glomerular basement membrane collagen (GBMC) in diabetes, kidneys were obtained at autopsy from 5 patients with insulin-requiring diabetes of long duration and diabetic complications, and from 5 control subjects. Glomeruli were prepared by sieving and collagen was isolated by limited pepsin proteolysis followed by salt precipitations. Amino acid analyses of the collagen preparations, after acid hydrolysis, indicated a composition consistent with that of type IV collagen. No differences in the relative contents of various amino acids, and in particular, 3-hydroxyproline, 4-hydroxyproline and hydroxylysine, were noted between diabetic and control samples. Non-enzymatic glucosylation was assessed by measuring hexose in ketoamine linkage with thiobarbituric acid after conversion to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural. In 4 of the 5 patients studied, glucosylation values exceeded the mean +2 S.D. of the controls; in the fifth subject glucosylation was in the high normal range. No correlation between the severity of diabetes and hexose content of GBMC was noted, however. In further studies, enzymatic glycosylation of GBMC was assayed after alkaline hydrolysis by separation of glucosylgalactosyl-O-hydroxylysine, galactosyl-O hydroxylysine, and unsubstituted hydroxylysine in an amino acid analyzer. No differences in the relative contents of hydroxylysine-O-glycosides were evident between diabetic and control GBMC. The results suggest that non-enzymatic glucosylation, but not glycosylation catalyzed by collagen glucosyl and galactosyl transferases, is increased in diabetes. The increased carbohydrate content of collagen may lead to decreased turnover and/or excessive accumulations of basement membrane collagen thus contributing to the vascular complications of diabetes. PMID- 6218962 TI - The biosynthesis of glycoproteins by cultured bovine tendon fibroblasts. AB - Confluent bovine fetal tendon fibroblasts maintained in a chemically defined medium incorporated L-[6-3H]fucose and L-[5-3H]proline in a linear manner into non-diffusible macromolecules for up to 48 hrs. Equilibrium CsCl density gradient centrifugation indicated that [3H]fucose-labelled macromolecules released into the medium were predominantly glycoproteins. The [3H]fucose-labelled glycoproteins in the culture medium were analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. This technique demonstrated the presence of a number of high mol. wt. fucosylated components, the most notable of which was a glycoprotein of apparent mol. wt. 150,000. Immunological procedures allowed the tentative identification of four glycoproteins including fibronectin which was found in the cell medium and in extracts of the cell layer. Two of the glycoproteins (mol. wts. 150,000 and 270,000) released into the incubation medium were shown to be related to the microfibrillar components of elastic tissue. One or more of the newly synthesized [3H]fucose labelled molecules was shown to be immunologically related to a glycoprotein (mol. wt. 60,000) extracted from bovine Achilles tendon. These studies represent the first demonstration of the synthesis of microfibril-related and tendon glycoprotein-related macromolecules by tendon fibroblasts in culture. PMID- 6218963 TI - Immune response to connective tissue components of the basement membrane. AB - The immune response to connective tissue components of basement membrane (type IV collagen and laminin) and to interstitial collagen (type I) has been examined in human and murine systems. We also examined the role that immunologic sensitization to autologous connective tissue components might play in inducing an inflammatory response resulting in pathologic sequelae. Mice receiving a single subcutaneous injection of 5 micrograms type IV or type I murine collagens, or murine laminin in complete Freund's adjuvant mount a delayed-type hypersensitivity response characterized by a mononuclear cell infiltrate when challenged in the footpad with the sensitizing antigen. Cell-mediated immunity to these connective tissue antigens can be transferred to normal syngeneic mice with sensitized T-lymphocytes. In addition, repeated immunizations with these homologous connective tissue components elicit antibody responses in mice. Our data demonstrate the immunogenic nature of types IV and I collagen, and of laminin in a syngeneic murine model. We have demonstrated autoantibodies to the basement membrane and interstitial collagens in the sera of patients with scleroderma (systemic sclerosis); ELISA ratios correlate directly with the extent of pulmonary fibrosis in these patients. Anti-type IV collagen autoantibodies were found to be primarily IgM and anti-type I collagen antibodies, primarily IgG. An antibody response to autologous connective tissue antigens could lead to complement activation, immune complex formation, and deposition of the complexes along vascular endothelium with recruitment of blood monocytes in situ, mirroring the early scleroderma lesion (perivascular mononuclear cell filtrates). In vitro we examined the role of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells in the activation of fibroblasts. Adherent human blood monocytes release mediators which stimulate fibroblast proliferation and collagen deposition. A model is presented for the induction of immunity to autologous connective tissue components, leading to mononuclear cell inflammation, fibroblast activation and fibrosis. Selective immunity to basement membrane collagens may influence the clinical expression of diffuse connective tissue syndromes such as scleroderma (systemic sclerosis). PMID- 6218964 TI - Effect of depo-medroxyprogesterone acetate on serum progesterone levels when administered on various cycle days. AB - Depo-medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) in the conventional dose of 150 mg, was administered intramuscularly to 49 healthy, already sterilized, Thai women on cycle day 5 (13 subjects), day 7 (12 subjects), day 9 (13 subjects) and day 11 (11 subjects) of normal menstrual cycles. Serum progesterone levels were then monitored in order to ascertain the latest follicular phase day in the cycle (up to day 11) when ovulation would be inhibited in the first month after injection. Among the 25 subjects who received DMPA on day 5 and 7, no longitudinal serum progesterone level rises indicative of ovulation were detected. When DMPA was given on day 9 and 11, 2 out of 13 subjects (15.39%) and 3 out of 11 subjects (27.28%), respectively, had serum progesterone levels characteristic of ovulation. It is concluded that the initial cycle's ovulation can also be inhibited when DMPA is administered on day 7 of that cycle. However, DMPA administered on day 9 and 11 failed to inhibit ovulation of that cycle in some of the subjects. PMID- 6218965 TI - Alterations in rat liver mitochondria caused by Fasciola hepatica. PMID- 6218966 TI - Immunological pathogenesis of experimental glomerulonephritis induced by some infectious and toxic agents. PMID- 6218968 TI - Occupational tropical acne. AB - Tropical acne, a major problem for military personnel assigned to hot, humid areas, has not been reported previously in the United States. Here, a case of tropical acne is reported in an occupational setting in which the working environment simulated tropical conditions. This raises the possibility that heat and humidity may be contributing factors to inflammatory acne in susceptible individuals. PMID- 6218969 TI - Lichenoid eruption produced by captopril. AB - Captopril, an oral active dipeptidylcarboxypeptidase inhibitor with antihypertensive properties, has been reported to have the following cutaneous side effects: macular and papular skin eruptions, urticaria, angioedema, mouth ulcers, pemphigus, and pityriasis rosea-like eruptions. Here, to the best of our knowledge, is the first case in which a pityriasis rosea-like eruption evolved into a lichenoid drug eruption. Also discussed is the remarkable similarity in the side effects of captopril, gold compounds, d-penicillamine, and organic mercurials. PMID- 6218970 TI - Ultrastructural and functional studies of cilia from patients with asthma, aspirin intolerance, and nasal polyps. AB - "Triad" asthmatics often have sinus disease, nasal polyps, and obstructive airways disease. This presentation is reminiscent of the symptoms of persons afflicted with various forms of ciliary dyskinesia. Therefore, we examined tissues from seven "triad" asthmatic patients for ciliary structural or functional abnormalities. Transmission and scanning electron microscopy revealed no specific abnormalities. Cultures of nasal epithelia were maintained for up to 20 weeks. They showed normal ciliary activity which was not influenced by perfusing the tissue with medium containing aspirin. In contrast, control tissue from a patient with situs inversus and sinusitis showed the expected structural and functional ciliary abnormalities. In culture, the ciliary function of tissue from this patient could be partly restored by perfusion with ATP or ATPase. PMID- 6218971 TI - Clinical and pharmacokinetic evaluation of moxalactam in infants and children. AB - Moxalactam, a new beta-lactam antibiotic was evaluated in the treatment of 21 pediatric patients including 16 with clinical and radiological evidence of pneumonia and 5 with urinary tract infection (UTI). Clinical and radiological resolution of pneumonia occurred in all. Bacteriological efficacy in pneumonia, however, was assessed in only 1 patient whose blood culture grew H. influenzae type b. In patients with UTI, the therapy was successful, bacteriologically as well as clinically. The only side effects observed were mild transient elevation of SGOT and alkaline phosphatase in 6 cases. The peak and trough levels of the drug were manyfold higher than the known minimum inhibitory concentrations of common pathogens. The mean t1/2 projected of 95 and 124 min with intravenous and intramuscular route, respectively, were similar to those reported in adults. PMID- 6218972 TI - PTCA: patient education. PMID- 6218973 TI - [An analysis of 300 cases of high altitude heart diseases in adults]. PMID- 6218974 TI - Cefoperazone (Cefobid, Pfizer). AB - Cefoperazone is a new beta-lactam antibiotic that possesses a broad spectrum of activity against gram-positive and gram-negative organisms. Cefoperazone differs from all previous cephalosporins in that it has exceptional activity against P. aeruginosa. The other distinguishing feature of cefoperazone is its high rate of biliary excretion, which will allow for treatment of biliary tract infections. Renal elimination accounts for only 20 percent of the agent's elimination; dosage modification is not necessary in decreased renal function. The clinical response rate of infections to cefoperazone is similar to that of moxalactam, cefotaxime, or the cephalosporins in general. The overall incidence of side effects was 14 percent in U.S. trials, with skin rash, fever, or urticaria occurring in 1 percent; phlebitis and injection-site pain in 2 percent; and diarrhea in 5 percent. As with the other third-generation cephalosporins, cefoperazone requires close scrutiny because of its expected high cost and the lack of comparative trials with standard antibiotic regimens. PMID- 6218975 TI - [The significance of physical factors in the etiology of occupational dermatoses]. PMID- 6218978 TI - [Tropical woods and contact eczema]. AB - An enquiry was carried out in Zaire among workers handling different woods. The aim of the investigation was to establish which woods provoke undesirable reactions of the skin and mucous membranes. Besides the well known toxic woods, 6 types of wood were identified, which had not been known to be cause of these reactions: --Autranella congolensis (dermatitis; ocular and respiratory manifestations); --Drypetes gossweileri (dermatitis; ocular and respiratory manifestations); --Ceiba pentandra (essentially pruriginous manifestations); - Diba di Nzambi (common name) and Ficus capensis (bullous dermatitis); - Combretodendron macrocarpum (dermatitis; ocular and respiratory manifestations). PMID- 6218976 TI - Patch testing with hexavalent chromium salts in different vehicles and with nickel and cobalt in petrolatum. AB - In approaching the question as to which test preparations are most suitable for patch testing of metals, 25 chromium sensitive patients were tested with 0.5% potassium dichromate either in water or petrolatum. The aqueous solution proved better than the petrolatum preparation at a 48 h reading with Neodermtest Roc. No difference in sensitivity was recorded between 4 hexavalent chromium salts. 3 patients who were only sensitive to chromium solution in water also reacted positively to a 1% cobalt chloride solution and a 5% nickel sulfate solution in petrolatum. PMID- 6218977 TI - Contact allergy in atopics, who perform wet work in hospital. AB - The relation of atopy, i.e. previous or present atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis/conjunctivitis and asthma, to contact allergy in hospital employees, who perform wet work, was studied. Patch tests were carried out with the ICDRG standard series. Among these workers the frequency of contact allergy was similar in nonatopics (21%) as in atopics (22%), who represented 33% from the whole group. Atopics were sensitized more often to balsam of Peru (5.1%) as well as to fragrances in total (8,5%) than nonatopics, (1.7% and 4.1%, respectively) (p less than 0.05). Same kind of tendency was found in the amount of rubber reactions, though the difference was not statistically significant. Nickel was the most common allergen in all workers. PMID- 6218979 TI - [Dupuytren contracture in Mosel wine dressers with arsenic-induced aftereffect damage]. AB - Between 1972 and 1981 a total of 121 male and female wine-dressers with late after-effects from arsenic were medically examined and treated. Skin and liver were examined regularly every 3 months. With advancing years an increase in typically arsenic melanosis, precancerous, carcinomas and hyperkeratosis in palmae and plantae was observed. A significant increase in Dupuytren's contracture was found in the age groups between 50 and 80 with a growing progression of typically arsenic horned pearls on the palms of the hands and soles of the feet. The typically arsenic horned pearls and arsenical keratosis occurred most frequently in the Dupuytrenical changes of the skin. The liver parameters showed no pathological results such as cirrhosis of the liver as compared with the other patients. PMID- 6218980 TI - [Sonographically assisted liver biopsy--replacement for blind needle biopsy?]. AB - Since the beginning of 1980 the authors have performed upper-abdominal ultrasound examination immediately preceding percutaneous needle biopsy (after Menghini), previously performed "blind". Knowledge of the particular liver topography made it possible to perform reliably punctures with only a small number of multiple punctures (6.4%) being required, suitable biopsies more often being obtained than under laporoscopic control. Compared with 354 consecutive blind liver biopsies, guided biopsy caused pain from the puncture in 1.9% (previously 5.9%), with a reduction of need for analgesics from 4.5% to 1.1%. The rate of more serious complications was reduced from five (1.4%) to one (0.2%), although as a result of ultrasound the indications for percutaneous liver biopsy were more frequent, since numerous "classical" contra-indications could be ignored. Blind liver biopsy should thus be abandoned for ultrasound-guided percutaneous puncture. PMID- 6218981 TI - [Therapy of "malignant otitis externa"]. PMID- 6218983 TI - Effect of addition of human follicular fluid on progesterone secretion by cultured sheep granulosa cells. AB - The effect of addition of human follicular fluid to cultures of granulosa cells of large sheep follicles (4-6 mm in diameter) on basal and LH-stimulated progesterone secretion was investigated. Both luteinization and progesterone secretion were inhibited by addition of 10% (w/v) charcoal-treated follicular fluid from medium (2-6 mm) and large (7-16 mm) follicles which had low concentrations of estradiol-17 beta, progesterone and LH. In comparison, the fluid from large follicles, having high levels of the same hormones, stimulated both the parameters, and addition of LH along with the fluid had no further effect. Fluid collected from cystic follicles appeared to be stimulatory which also had elevated levels of estradiol-17 beta and progesterone. These findings indicate the presence of both the inhibitors and stimulators of luteinization in human follicular fluid. The effectiveness of any of them either to inhibit or stimulate luteinization probably will depend upon the composition of the follicular fluid and the stage of maturation of the follicles from which it was collected. PMID- 6218984 TI - Role of human adipose tissue in the production and metabolism of steroid hormones. AB - Radioimmunological methods have been employed for the simultaneous determination of dehydroepiandrosterone, androstenedione, testosterone, oestrogens (oestradiol + oestrone), progesterone, 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone and cortisol in human adipose tissue and peripheral blood to compare the hormone pool of adipose tissue with that in the general circulation. Extremely high steroid concentrations in the adipose tissue and hormone pool in the fat of obese subjects were observed. For adipose tissue/serum steroid ratios, the highest values were obtained for dehydroepiandrosterone and the lowest ones for cortisol. A preliminary study showed a great accumulation of steroids in adjacent adipose tissue of breast tumors. Striking differences were observed in the adipose tissue steroid concentrations between benign and malignant mammary tumors. The present findings revealed that blood hormone determinations may be insufficient to consider the steroid hormone availability in various endocrinopathies or steroid responsive tumors, especially when the endocrine state of extremely obese subjects is observed. PMID- 6218985 TI - Peculiarities of adaptation to systematic muscular activity in adrenalectomized rats. AB - A 3 week training period in running restored the maximal swimming time of adrenalectomized rats to the level of intact untrained rats, but had no influence on the maximal running time and hepatic glycogen reserve. The cardiac hypertrophy and the augmentation of the Mg2+-activated ATPase activity of myocardium in adrenalectomized rats were more pronounced than in intact animals. It is concluded that the deficiency of adrenocortical hormones does not exclude all the adaptive alterations during training, although it makes the complete adaptation and normal increase of the working capacity impossible. PMID- 6218986 TI - The relationship between EMG activity of the Sacrospinalis and reported back discomfort. AB - Six subjects performed a tapping task during replicated pairs of trials involving three different degrees of forward bend. The first and second trial of each pair was separated by either a 4 min or 1 min rest period. Integrated electromyographic (IEMG) records from the right Sacrospinalis muscle and estimates of back discomfort on a 5 point scale at 1 min intervals were collected. Reported back discomfort did not correlate with I.E.M.G. Increased forward bend and reduced rest interval generally led to increased levels of reported discomfort but not necessarily increased I.E.M.G. PMID- 6218982 TI - Captopril: an update review of its pharmacological properties and therapeutic efficacy in congestive heart failure. AB - Captopril is the first angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor for oral administration. In combination with continued digitalis and diuretic therapy it has been demonstrated to be effective in the management of severe heart failure refractory to optimal digitalis, diuretic and, in many patients, vasodilator treatment. Most studies to date have been open trials of several weeks or months duration, but a number of patients have received continued treatment, with sustained benefit, for up to 1 year or more. A placebo-controlled trial in a limited number of patients with less severe heart failure has confirmed the results of open trials. Captopril administration improves cardiac performance as a result of a reduction in systemic vascular resistance (afterload) and the various determinants of left ventricular filling pressure (preload). Improvements in exercise tolerance and functional classification, with associated reduction of clinical symptomatology, occur with simultaneous decreases in myocardial oxygen consumption. At present, captopril is worthy of a trial in patients refractory to more traditional medical management. Whether it should be considered a 'first line' agent after failure of optimal digitalis and diuretic therapy, and before instituting other vasodilator therapy, is less clear. In patients with severe or resistant heart failure, a response to captopril is usually accompanied by a general improvement in the quality of life. The effect of captopril treatment on 1- and 2-year survival rates in patients with severe heart failure appears similar to that reported for other vasodilators. Most patients tolerate captopril treatment well, but hypotension, reduced renal function, skin rash, dysgeusia, and neutropenia have been reported. PMID- 6218987 TI - F1-like ATPase from anaerobic bacterium Lactobacillus casei contains six similar subunits. PMID- 6218988 TI - UDPglucosyltransferase and its kinetic fluorimetric assay. AB - A rapid, kinetic assay for UDPglucosyltransferase has been developed using 1 naphthol as substrate. It is based on the continuous fluorimetric monitoring of 1 naphthyl glucoside formation during the reaction at physiological pH. The conjugate is easily distinguished from aglycone, since their fluorimetric properties differ. Glucoside biosynthesis in vitro by microsomal preparations isolated from the gut and fat body of cockroaches Periplaneta americana and Leucophaea maderae, and from the green gland and hepatopancreas of the crayfish Astacus astacus, has been demonstrated. The effects of buffer, pH, MgCl2, UDP glucuronic acid, UDP-N-acetylglucosamine, sodium cholate and sonication on the enzyme activity have been assessed. The kinetic parameters of 1-naphthol and UDP glucose have also been determined. PMID- 6218989 TI - Excimer formation of ATPase from sarcoplasmic reticulum labeled with N-(3 pyrene)maleinimide. AB - Sarcoplasmic reticulum ATPase from fast skeletal muscle was labeled in native vesicles with N-(3-pyrene)maleinimide. At labeling ratios larger than 1 mol pyrenemaleinimide/2.5 mol ATPase significant amounts of excimers are detected. Excimer concentration decreases at low, non-solubilizing amounts of detergents (0.2 mg X mg protein-1) and completely disappears after solubilization of the membranes. These results exclude that excimers are formed due to 'double labeling' of one ATPase molecule. It is concluded that the ATPase exists as an oligomer within the membrane of native vesicles. PMID- 6218990 TI - Modified plasma-membrane ATPase in mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - Mutations affecting the plasma membrane ATPase of Saccharomyces cerevisiae were obtained by selecting mutants resistant to Dio-9. In a plasma-membrane-enriched fraction of the mutant MG2130, the ATPase activity was resistant to vanadate (50% inhibition by 26 microM in the mutant compared to 1.3 microM in the parental strain). Several catalytic properties of the membrane-bound ATPase were modified by 60-120% in the mutant which had a higher Km for MgATP and was more heatstable, less sensitive to mercurials, and more stimulated by monovalent cations than the parental type. A single mutation is responsible for the phenotypes of four independent allelic mutants. Resistance to Dio-9 in vivo and resistance to vanadate in vitro segregated together in three tetrads issued from a cross between the wild type and mutant. The mutation is semi-dominant as shown by expression of the mutant phenotype in a heterozygous diploid resulting from the cross between the wild type and mutant. It is concluded that the pma locus, affected by these mutations, is the structural gene either for the 100000-Mr subunit of plasma membrane ATPase or for a protein which tightly controls the conformation of the plasma-membrane ATPase within the membrane. PMID- 6218991 TI - Nucleosomal particles open as the histone core becomes hyperacetylated. AB - Lymphoblastoid cells grown in the presence of the deacetylase inhibitor butyrate were used to isolate nucleosomal particles in a hyperacetylated state. During a non-denaturing gel electrophoresis these particles revealed a heterogeneity which is only in part due to the presence of nonhistone proteins. Monomers that are free from histone H1 and high-mobility-group (HMG) proteins 14 and 17 yield a subfractionation according to the degree of core histone acetylation beyond a limiting value of 10 acetyl groups/particle. It is shown that hyperacetylation provides particles with low mobilities and a considerable conformational freedom in contrast to HMG protein 14 which locks them in a conformation that has a similar electrophoretic behaviour but is more defined. PMID- 6218992 TI - Regulation of myocardial function in the normal and diseased heart. Modification by inotropic drugs. PMID- 6218993 TI - Uptake and localization of 99mTc-methylene diphosphonate in mouse osteosarcoma. AB - The localization of 99mTc-methylene diphosphonate (99mTc-MDP) in mouse osteosarcoma was studied using a skeletal scintigraphic method and macro- and microautoradiographic methods. On the skeletal scintigraph, the tumor showed a high uptake of 99mTc-MDP and its concentration was about 20 times as high as the value seen in the muscular tissue. The macroautoradiography showed high activity in the tumor bone region and little activity in the nonossified region. On the microautoradiography, the activity of 99mTc-MDP was localized in the mineralized matrix of tumor bone and was almost nil in the nonmineralized matrix (osteoid) and the tumor cells. These findings indicate that the mineralization of the tumor bone matrix plays an important role in 99mTc-MDP uptake in osteosarcoma. PMID- 6218994 TI - T lymphocyte subpopulations in blood following radiation therapy for breast cancer. AB - T helper and T suppressor lymphocyte subpopulations were examined before and after postoperative adjuvant radiation therapy for breast cancer. Absolute numbers of all T cell subsets were reduced by 70-80%. The proportion of IgG-Fc receptor-bearing T cells (Tg cells) was significantly reduced and that of IgM-Fc receptor-bearing T cells (Tm cells) significantly increased at completion of local radiation therapy with 45 Gy (4500 rad). Proportions of T suppressor (Ts) and T helper (Th) cells determined by monoclonal antibodies were not changed by radiation therapy. The overlapping between Tg and Ts subpopulations was 20-30% as examined by double labelling. PMID- 6218995 TI - Association of actin with the nuclear matrix from bovine lymphocytes. AB - Nuclear matrix prepared from bovine lymphocytes contained a significant amount of actin. Both nuclear matrix actin and rabbit muscle actin showed the same electrophoretic mobility on SDS-gel. The matrix-associated actin could be separated into three isoproteins which may correspond to alpha-, beta- and gamma actin. The most acidic spot of these isoproteins co-migrated with rabbit muscle actin (alpha-actin) on two-dimensional electrophoresis. The amino-acid composition of the nuclear matrix actin was closely related to that of rabbit muscle and to that of porcine brain actin. Moreover, the actin filaments, treated with 0.75 M guanidine hydrochloride, changed from the polymerized form of the nuclear matrix actin into a monomeric form (G-actin), which had strong inhibitor activity against pancreatic DNase I. From this inhibition, the actin content of the nuclear matrix was estimated to be about 12% of total matrix protein. When the nuclear matrix was digested with trypsin, the bulk of matrix protein was hydrolyzed, but about 80% of the actin remained associated with sphere structures (trypsin-treated nuclear matrix) precipitable by low speed centrifugation. SDS gel analysis revealed that actin was one of the major components of the trypsin treated nuclear matrix, which had a similar size and structure as the untreated nuclear matrix. The fibrogranular structure and residual nucleoli of the original nuclear matrix were well preserved against trypsin digestion; however, the peripheral lamina was removed. These results indicate that the matrix-associated actin is localized predominantly in the matrix interior, where it presumably interacts closely with the fibrogranular structure and/or the residual nucleoli. PMID- 6218997 TI - A protein of bacteriophage phi X174 carries an oligonucleotide which it can transfer to the 3' -OH of a DNA chain. AB - The bacteriophage phi X174 gene A encodes two proteins: gene A protein and A* protein. Purified A* protein acts as a single-stranded, DNA-specific endonuclease which remains covalently attached to the 5'-end of the cleavage site. Incubation of A* protein with the synthetic heptamer CAACTTG or with oligonucleotides which yield this heptamer after cleavage with the A* protein yields oligonucleotides with the sequences CAACTTGAG, CAACTTGAGG and CAACTTGAGGA. This indicates that A* protein carries an oligonucleotide with the sequence--AG, -AGG or -AGGA. The oligonucleotide can be transferred to the 3'-end of the heptamer CAACTTG. This suggests that A* protein reacts with a specific DNA sequence in the infected cell. PMID- 6218996 TI - Epithelial-stromal interactions: specific stimulation of corneal epithelial cell growth in vitro by a factor(s) from cultured stromal fibroblasts. AB - By using a recently modified method of isolating and culturing rabbit corneal cells, this study investigated the presence of a diffusible substance(s) in stromal fibroblast conditioned medium that stimulated the growth of cultured corneal epithelial cells. The growth stimulation involved initiation of DNA synthesis (assayed by [3H]-thymidine incorporation) and enhanced cell proliferation (quantified by cell counting). Among the three corneal cell types, only fibroblasts (rabbit and human) released the stimulatory substance, which acted only on epithelial cells. The effect of this stromal fibroblast factor (SFF) was observed after an exposure period of less than 16 hr and persisted as long as it was present. Its action was concentration-dependent and was not a result of improvement in the survival of epithelial cells during culture. Both sparse and confluent epithelial cultures were susceptible to SFF. The release of SFF was correlated with the number of fibroblasts in the culture and appeared to be sensitive to the growth condition of the cells. Both the release and action of SFF did not depend on the presence of serum in the culture medium. The factor was heat resistant and insensitive to proteolytic enzymes. From ultrafiltration studies, the size of SFF was estimated to be in the approximate range of 50-1000 daltons. By direct comparison of the stimulatory effect with other previously studied growth promoting agents, it was concluded that SFF was not epidermal growth factor, fibroblast growth factor, putrescine, cyclic AMP, hydrocortisone or acetate. The implication of SFF in the regulation of epithelial growth by endogenous, intercellular mechanisms is discussed. PMID- 6218998 TI - Synhibin: a new calcium-dependent membrane-binding protein that inhibits synexin induced chromaffin granule aggregation and fusion. PMID- 6218999 TI - Bromobimane crosslinking studies in oligomycin-sensitive ATPase from beef heart mitochondria. Mr 31 000 protein crosslinked. AB - Using a bromobimane fluorescent label the Mr 31 000 protein band oligomycin sensitive (OS)-ATPase from beef heart mitochondria is shown to become much intensified by 2-mercaptopropionylglycine. In the presence of 3.5 nmol/mg protein of the thiol reagent ATP-Pi exchange activity is increased by 90%. With the fluorescent crosslinking reagent dibromobimane (DB) we show that a new fluorescent peak appears between Mr 50 000 and 60 000. ATP-Pi exchange is very much decreased by DB. The results suggest that for regulation of ATP-synthetase activity sulfhydryl groups in the region of the Mr 31 000 protein(s) play an important role. PMID- 6219000 TI - Adenine binding sites of F1-ATPase are located on the surface of the protein molecule. PMID- 6219001 TI - The membrane in submitochondrial particles protects F1-ATPase from trinitrobenzolsulphonate and dinitrofluorobenzole. PMID- 6219002 TI - Studies of the structure of bacteriophage lambda cro protein in solution. Analysis of the aromatic region of the 1H NMR spectrum. PMID- 6219003 TI - Studies of the structure of bacteriophage lambda cro protein in solution. Globular structure of cro protein. PMID- 6219004 TI - CD study of the actin DNase I complex. AB - DNase I, a specific actin binding protein, forms a stable complex with actin. CD spectroscopy was used to study the question whether the structure of actin and DNase I in their complex are identical with those of the individual components. Far and near UV analysis was used to study the secondary structure and the environment of aromatic chromophores. CD spectroscopic results on actin, DNase I and on their complex in solution are presented which show that no structural change takes place as a result of actin-DNase I complex formation and indicate the absence of aromatic chromophores on the interface of the actin and DNase I in their complex. CD spectroscopy proved to be a convenient technique for studying the interactions between actin and actin binding proteins in solution. PMID- 6219005 TI - Biosynthesis of 3 beta-hydroxy-5,7-pregnadien-20-one by the horse fetal gonad. AB - The production of equilin and the other ring B-unsaturated estrogens by the pregnant mare is anomalous in that they are biosynthesised by a cholesterol independent pathway. Fetal horse gonads were incubated with tritiated sodium acetate and radiochemically pure 3 beta-hydroxy-5,7-pregnadien-20-one and 3 beta hydroxy-5,7-androstadien-17-one were isolated. A fetal gonad--placental system is proposed for equilin production, 3 beta-hydroxy-5,7-pregnadien-20-one being a precursor for 3 beta-hydroxy-5,7-androstadien-17-one in the fetal gonad and the latter being the precursor of equilin in the placenta. The nature of the possible precursor of 3 beta-hydroxy-5,7-pregnadien-20-one is discussed. PMID- 6219006 TI - Evidence for the presence of DNase-actin complex in L1210 leukemia cells. AB - L1210 leukemia cell cytosol was analysed for the presence of DNase I activity. No free activity was determined in crude cytosol. DNase I enzyme was found to occur in a latent form bound to cytoplasmic actin. DNase-actin complex was partially isolated by Sephadex filtration and DNase I-like activity was demonstrated after SDS gel electrophoresis of the complex and enzyme renaturation. The results were compared with those for synthetic complex of pancreatic bovine DNase I and chicken muscle actin. PMID- 6219007 TI - Identification of a new deoxyendonuclease from Escherichia coli that preferentially cleaves supercoiled plasmid DNA. PMID- 6219008 TI - Evidence that 4-azido-2-nitrophenylphosphate binds to the phosphate site on the beta-subunit of Escherichia coli BF1-ATPase. PMID- 6219009 TI - [Development of health education in the Tadzhik SSR]. PMID- 6219010 TI - Combined screening laparoscopy and timed follicle aspiration for human in vitro fertilization. AB - Twenty-seven patients underwent ultrasonographic and clinical monitoring of a spontaneous cycle so that human chorionic gonadotropin administration could be timed in an attempt to schedule the screening laparoscopy at the optimal time for oocyte aspiration. Inadequate ovarian access was encountered in only 2 of 26 laparoscopies. Seven patients had ovulated by the time of scheduled laparoscopy. Nine mature, seven immature, and three postovulatory oocytes were obtained, and seven embryo transfers were accomplished. The number of eggs obtained per laparoscopy was 0.73. The attempt to control the time of ovulation was unpredictable, few mature oocytes were obtained, and the procedure offered little ultimate benefit to the patient. PMID- 6219012 TI - Reproductive outcome following conservative surgery for tubal pregnancy in women with a single fallopian tube. AB - Between the years 1974 and 1980, 13 patients underwent a conservative (salpingotomy) surgical procedure for tubal pregnancy in their only fallopian tube. In this group, one patient has been lost to follow-up, and one has intentionally avoided pregnancy, although tubal patency was documented by hysterosalpingogram. All the remaining patients have had at least one term pregnancy. The diagnosis was confirmed in all instances by laparoscopy prior to laparotomy. In 11 patients, the ectopic pregnancy was unruptured. One ectopic pregnancy had ruptured and one had resulted in a tubal abortion. All patients underwent essentially the same conservative procedure, performed by the same surgical team, with close adherence to the principles of microsurgery. This technique is described in detail. Since each of these patients had only one tube, this report reaffirms the value of conservative surgery for tubal pregnancy. PMID- 6219011 TI - Ultrasonographic and hormonal studies in physiologic and insufficient menstrual cycles. AB - Intraovarian morphologic alterations in 6 physiologic menstrual cycles were studied by sonography and compared with 13 inadequate cycles with a short or missing luteal phase. In addition, basal body temperature, 17 beta-estradiol, luteinizing hormone, progesterone, testosterone, and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate levels in serum were measured. The maximal follicle was significantly smaller in insufficient cycles (17.7 +/- 2.9 mm) than in physiologic cycles (23.0 +/- 2.3 mm). Corpus luteum structure was visualized in five of the six physiologic cycles but was not detected in insufficient cycles. Persistent polyfollicular reaction (greater than 3 follicles per ovary) without a dominant follicle larger than 10 mm was detected in the ovaries of three patients with clinical and hormonal signs of polycystic ovarian disease. Ultrasonography can be regarded as a useful additional tool in the evaluation and management of insufficient ovarian cycles. PMID- 6219013 TI - Exploring addictions: a treatment role for the dentist. PMID- 6219014 TI - Composite resin systems: a comparison. PMID- 6219015 TI - Reconstitution of a partially purified Na+-independent D-glucose transport system from rat jejunal basolateral membranes. AB - 1. Basolateral membranes of rat small intestine were first solubilized in a 0.6% cholate buffer and then the insoluble fraction was reextracted with a 1.2 or 1.6% cholate buffer. 2. Proteoliposomes reconstituted from the 1.2 or 1.6% cholate extracted membrane fraction demonstrated characteristic Na+-independent D-glucose transport of the native basolateral membrane vesicles: inhibitable by mercuric chloride and D-galactose. 3. To further purify this D-glucose transport system, the 1.6% cholate-extracted membrane fraction was chromatographed on either hydroxylapatite, concanavalin A, wheat-germ lectin or castor bean lectin-120 affinity gels. 4. Proteoliposomes reconstituted from the membrane proteins adsorbed on hydroxylapatite and subsequently passed through agarose-castor bean lectin-120 showed a 12-fold enrichment of Na+-independent D-glucose transport activity over that of the native membrane vesicles. 5. SDS-electrophoretic analysis showed that the protein composition of the hydroxylapatite-castor bean lectin-120 treated fraction was much simpler than that of both 1.6% cholate extracted fraction and the native membrane vesicles. PMID- 6219016 TI - Hormonal stimulation of gluconeogenesis through increased mitochondrial metabolic flux. PMID- 6219017 TI - Patterns of microfilament organization in animal cells. PMID- 6219018 TI - Metabolic and underlying causes of diabetes mellitus. AB - It is emphasized that animal models should be used to study specific genotypic or phenotypic expressions associated with diabetes rather than assuming a single animal model can reflect diverse forms of the human disease. Diabetic and normal animals are reviewed on the basis of their usefulness as models of genetic, viral, and chemically induced diabetes, including the often associated immune phenomena. Characteristics of spontaneously diabetic animals with and without obesity are also described with an emphasis on both genetics and metabolic derangements. Recommendations for future animal experimentation include: more longitudinal studies evaluating the role of sex, prenatal environment, diet, and viral or chemical attack on B-cell function; characterization of the immune phenomena associated with B-cell lesions (and insulitis) in diabetic and immunologically incompetent lines; clarification of relationships between obesity and islet-cell function with emphasis on the role of fuel metabolism, vitamins, and minerals; and, finally, the development of new models with specific genetic aberrations placed in normal or diabetic lines. PMID- 6219019 TI - Complications of pregnancy and fetal development. AB - Although the outcome of pregnancy for women with diabetes mellitus has improved in recent years, the infant of the diabetic mother has an increased risk of major clinical problems, particularly in the early neonatal period. These include birth injury due to macrosomia, neonatal hypoglycemia, respiratory distress syndrome, and serious congenital anomalies. Because of the great difficulties encountered during attempts to investigate these problems in clinical research protocols, there is a continuing need to establish appropriate animal models of the diabetic pregnancy. Studies carried out over the past decade, primarily with chemically induced diabetes have suggested techniques which might be useful. In general, the choice of the animal to be studied will depend on the hypotheses being addressed. For instance, small animals such as rabbits and rats made diabetic with streptozotocin have been successfully used for investigation of fetal lung development. Furthermore, the rat model has been helpful for evaluation of fetal anomalies associated with maldevelopment of the spine and central nervous system. Larger animals, such as the nonhuman primate, are more appropriate for studying placental function and amniotic fluid composition in diabetic pregnancies. The task group on pregnancy and fetal development recommends that animal models of diabetes mellitus be used for a more extensive hormonal and metabolic characterization of diabetic mothers during pregnancy, for investigation of placental physiology with respect to the transfer of substrates from mother to fetus, for systematic and comprehensive study of mechanisms controlling fetal lung development, and for delineation of the pathophysiology of neonatal hypoglycemia. It is further recommended that animal models of spontaneous diabetes such as the BB/W rat be used in future studies dealing with pregnancy and fetal development. Because females with spontaneous diabetes show reduced conception rates, there is a pressing need to enhance the fertility of these animals in order to intensify studies on fetal development. PMID- 6219020 TI - Induction of insulin-dependent diabetes by streptozotocin. Inhibition by estrogens and potentiation by androgens. AB - Susceptibility of mice to experimental insulin-dependent diabetes as induced by multiple subdiabetogenic doses of streptozotocin has been shown to be strongly gender-dependent, males being much more susceptible than females. We examined this gender difference further in two strains of genetically susceptible mice to determine whether exogenous steroid sex hormones can both suppress the high susceptibility of males and potentiate the low susceptibility of females. Our results show that, in both BALB/cBOM and C57BL/6 mice, exogenous estrogens can suppress the high susceptibility of males. Conversely, the normally streptozotocin-resistant females become as highly susceptible as males after the administration of androgens. The inhibitory effect of estrogens and the potentiating effect of androgens can be demonstrated after the hormones are given to the mice either chronically (in slow-release capsules implanted at a subcutaneous site), or immediately prior to streptozotocin injection. These observations are consistent with the view that the critical factor that determines the susceptibility of mice to the hyperglycemic effects of streptozotocin is not the absolute concentration of androgens per se, but rather the relative overall level of androgens over estrogens in the recipient animal. Several alternative mechanisms for the effect of sex hormones on diabetogenic sensitivity are discussed. PMID- 6219021 TI - Effect of diabetes on the glycosaminoglycan component of the human glomerular basement membrane. AB - The glycosaminoglycan (heparan sulfate) component of glomerular basement membranes from human kidneys of diabetic and nondiabetic subjects has been quantitated after isolation from protease digests of the membranes on DEAE cellulose microcolumns. A significant decrease (P less than 0.005) in the glycosaminoglycan content of diabetic membranes was observed. Heparan sulfate was identified as the predominant glycosaminoglycan in both diabetic and control subjects and the extent of its sulfation appeared to be similar. The reduced level of glycosaminoglycan in the diabetic glomerular basement membrane was accompanied by a significant elevation of hexoses, which are primarily associated with the collagen component, suggesting that a redistribution of basement membrane macromolecules occurs in the diabetic state. Since heparan sulfate has been implicated as a major component of the glomerular anionic filtration barrier, its decreased content in diabetic basement membranes may contribute to the proteinuria observed in this disease. PMID- 6219022 TI - Preventive and therapeutic effects of large-dose nicotinamide injections on diabetes associated with insulitis. An observation in nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice. AB - This experiment was undertaken to explore a novel method of therapy for insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), using nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice that had symptoms and histologic changes similar to those of human IDDM patients. We examined preventive and therapeutic effects of large-dose nicotinamide administration on diabetes in NOD mice. Eighteen young female NOD mice without glycosuria were randomly divided into two groups; nine received subcutaneous nicotinamide (0.5 mg/g body wt) injections every day and the other nine were maintained as a control group and not injected. After 40 days, all of the mice given nicotinamide showed almost normal glucose tolerance and only mild insulitis on histologic study. On the other hand, marked glycosuria and severe insulitis were observed in six of the nine mice not injected. Four of six NOD mice given nicotinamide from the day of the first occurrence of marked glycosuria displayed a disappearance of glycosuria and an improvement in glucose tolerance during the therapy; however, urine sugar became negative in only one of six mice that received nicotinamide from 1 to 2 wk after the onset of marked glycosuria. These results indicate that nicotinamide has preventive and therapeutic effects on diabetes in NOD mice, and suggest the reversibility of B-cell damage, at least at a very early stage of IDDM. PMID- 6219023 TI - Diabetes susceptibility of BALB/cBOM mice treated with streptozotocin. Inhibition by lethal irradiation and restoration by splenic lymphocytes. AB - In genetically susceptible strains of mice, repeated injections of a subdiabetogenic dose of streptozotocin induces the development of progressive insulin-dependent hyperglycemia. We showed previously that host T-cell functions play an obligatory etiologic role in this experimental disease by demonstrating that the athymic nude mouse is resistant to diabetes induction unless its T-cell functions are reconstituted by thymus graft (Paik et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 77:6129-33, 1980). Here we show that lethal irradiation of euthymic (+/nu) mice of BALB/cBOM background causes selective resistance of the mice to the diabetogenic effects of the multiple low doses of streptozotocin without affecting their sensitivity to a high pharmacologic dose of the toxin. We also show that reconstitution of the irradiated mice with splenic lymphocytes causes the restoration of diabetes susceptibility. Lethally irradiated mice thus represent a useful experimental model for analyzing the host functions involved in the development of this disease. These results provide an additional support for the hypothesis that the induction of diabetes in this model system is mediated by an autoimmune amplification mechanism. PMID- 6219024 TI - Therapeutic effects of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) in diabetic mice. AB - Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), a major adrenal secretory steroid in humans, was therapeutic when fed in a concentration of 0.4% to C57BL/KsJ mice with either non insulin-dependent or insulin-dependent diabetes. Genetically diabetic (db/db) mice of both sexes develop obesity and a glucose intolerance and hyperglycemia associated with insulin resistance by 2 mo of age, and exhibit beta-cell necrosis and islet atrophy by 4 mo. In contrast, DHEA feeding initiated between 1 and 4 mo of age, while only moderately effective in preventing obesity, did prevent the other pathogenic changes and effected a rapid remission of hyperglycemia, a preservation of beta-cell structure and function, and an increased insulin sensitivity as measured by glucose tolerance tests. DHEA feeding was also therapeutic to normal C57BL/KsJ male mice made diabetic by multiple low doses of streptozotocin (SZ). While DHEA treatments did not block either the direct cytotoxic action of SZ on beta-cells or the development of insulitis, the steroid significantly moderated the severity of the ensuing diabetes (reduced hyperglycemia and water consumption, and increased plasma insulin and numbers of residual, granulated beta-cells. PMID- 6219025 TI - Sertoli cell function in diabetic, insulin-treated diabetic, and semi-starved rats. AB - It is well documented that long-term diabetes mellitus results in numerous deleterious consequences. However, considerable controversy exists concerning male reproductive function in diabetes. The purpose of this investigation was to study several endocrine parameters in diabetic male rats with emphasis on Sertoli cell function. Male Wistar rats were injected with streptozotocin and then either left untreated for 30 days or injected with insulin so as to prevent spillover of glucose into the urine. These two groups were compared with control animals that had only been injected with the vehicle for streptozotocin. Semi-starved control animals were included to determine if any of the potential endocrine alterations were related to body weight changes which occur in streptozotocin-injected rats. It was found that FSH, LH, PRL, and GH serum levels were reduced in diabetic animals. Only FSH was restored to normal by insulin injections. The testis, seminal vesicle, and epididymis weights were all reduced in diabetic animals. Insulin injections raised all organ weights; however, only testis weights were fully restored. Levels of epididymal ABP activity were found to be higher in diabetic animals when expressed per mg protein. Similar patterns of organ weight loss and hormonal alterations were observed in semi-starved rats. However, epididymal levels of ABP activity were unaffected by the semi-starved condition. While weight loss should be taken into consideration when interpreting cause and effect relationships in streptozotocin-treated animals, epididymal ABP levels appear to be well correlated with the altered metabolic state characteristic of diabetes. PMID- 6219026 TI - The effect of immunosuppression on streptozotocin-induced diabetes in C57BL/KsJ mice. AB - The objective of this study was to determine whether mature thymic-derived T lymphocytes were required for streptozotocin (SZ)-induced insulitis. C57BL/KsJ male mice were immunocrippled by thymectomy at 3 wk of age followed 1 wk later by lethal irradiation (1000 R) and hematopoietic reconstitution with syngeneic bone marrow (pretreated with anti-Thy 1.2 antiserum and complement to eliminate mature T-lymphocytes). As a control for the systemic effects of lethal irradiation itself, thymus-intact males were also irradiated and reconstituted with anti-Thy 1.2-treated marrow cells. This latter treatment resulted in a reconstitution of functional T-lymphocytes. Independent of the presence or absence of functional T lymphocytes, irradiation extensively damaged the testes and produced at least a 50% reduction in plasma testosterone levels. In such effeminized males, the hyperglycemic response following 6 daily injections of SZ (35 mg/kg) was reduced in comparison to unirradiated males. Pancreatic insulin content was reduced 50% in both thymus-intact and thymectomized groups receiving lethal irradiation and SZ treatment; this correlated with histologic findings of small, beta-cell depleted islets. Focal leukocytic infiltrates of the exocrine pancreas were induced by the irradiation. Streptozotocin-induced insulitis was also observed regardless of the presence (in thymus-intact mice) or absence (in thymectomized mice) of phytohemagglutinin-responsive T-lymphocytes. Both groups exhibited intact B-lymphocyte function as measured by proliferative responsiveness to lipopolysaccharide. Severe immunosuppression of both T- and B-lymphocyte function was produced by subcutaneous injection of hydrocortisone into thymectomized mice 48 h prior to initiation of SZ treatments. This treatment prevented SZ-induced beta-cell necrosis and eliminated lymphocytic infiltrates in the endocrine and exocrine pancreas. We conclude that functional (mature) T-lymphocytes are not required to mediate the beta cytotoxicity of multiple low doses of SZ in inbred strains in which insulitis accompanies islet destruction. The ability of hydrocortisone to protect beta-cells from the direct cytotoxic action of SZ as well as to eliminate leukocytic infiltration in the pancreas would support the hypothesis that insulitis is a consequence of beta-cell destruction, in this model, rather than its cause. DIABETES 32:148-155, February 1983. PMID- 6219027 TI - Impairment of T-cell regulation of the humoral immune response to type III pneumococcal polysaccharide in diabetic mice. AB - The peak plaque-forming-cell (PFC) and serum antibody responses of diabetic mice to type III pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide (S3) were delayed compared with normals. Proliferation of PFC precursors was not inhibited in an insulin deficient environment. The delay in the PFC response to S3 did not occur in diabetic nude mice but was demonstrable in their thymus-bearing heterozygote littermates. Therefore, T-cells appear to mediate the delay in the response of diabetic mice to S3 probably by delaying their differentiation into PFC. Diabetic mice responded normally to the induction of low-dose tolerance to S3, indicating the presence of active suppressor T-cells (Ts) in these mice. However, inactivation of Ts by anti-lymphocyte serum (ALS) required a higher dose in the diabetic mice. Furthermore, inactivation of Ts by ALS totally abolished the delay in peak PFC response. These findings suggest that the delayed PFC response to S3 in diabetic mice was the result of excessive splenic Ts activity. In peripheral blood, diabetic mice appeared to have more amplifier T-cell activity or less suppressor T-cell activity than normals. This response was normalized by insulin treatment. DIABETES 32:156-164, February 1983. PMID- 6219028 TI - Effect of exercise training and sucrose feeding on insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in rats with streptozotocin-induced insulin-deficient diabetes. AB - The effect of exercise training and a sucrose-rich diet on insulin-stimulated glucose disposal was studied in rats with streptozotocin-induced insulin deficiency. Rats were injected with streptozotocin (40 mg/kg), and 3 days later divided into three groups with equal degrees of hyperglycemia. One group of rats was allowed to run spontaneously on exercise wheels, another group remained sedentary but ate a sucrose-rich diet (66% sucrose), and the third also remained sedentary but consumed conventional rat chow. Three weeks later, we determined the effect of these various programs on postabsorptive plasma glucose and insulin levels, as well as on the ability of exogenous insulin to stimulate disposal of a glucose load during a period in which endogenous insulin was suppressed by epinephrine and propanolol. Basal plasma insulin levels were the same in all three groups, but plasma glucose levels were significantly lower (P less than 0.001) in exercise-trained rats, and significantly higher (P less than 0.05) in sucrose-fed rats, than in chow-fed diabetic rats. The inference that exercise training markedly enhanced insulin action in rats with insulin deficiency was borne out by direct estimation of insulin-stimulated glucose disposal. In contrast, sucrose-fed diabetic rats seemed to be more insulin-resistant than chow fed diabetic rats. These results provide direct evidence that spontaneous exercise can dramatically attenuate the severity of diabetes in insulin-deficient rats by enhancing insulin action. DIABETES 32:165-168, February 1983. PMID- 6219029 TI - Effect of cimetidine on histamine-activated ATPase in human gastric mucosa. AB - The effect of histamine on Mg-ATPase was assessed in homogenates of gastric biopsies taken from the body and antrum of the stomach of patients with and without duodenal ulcer (DU). Histamine at concentrations greater than 10(-7) mol/l caused significant activation of this crude enzyme activity in the body mucosa from both groups of patients; maximum stimulation of enzyme activity was greater in the DU patients than in the non-DU group. No activation by histamine was found in ATPase of antral biopsies. Administration of cimetidine (1 g/day orally) to DU patients for 28 days abolished the histamine activation of the enzyme activity. Investigation of the activity of enzymes in normal biopsies showed that the effect of histamine was not shared by the specific H2 agonist, impromidine, or H1 agonist, 2-(2-aminoethyl)-thiazole, and that cimetidine inhibition of ATPase in vitro is probably not an histamine-receptor-specific effect. PMID- 6219030 TI - [Regression of left ventricular hypertrophy by a prolonged anti-hypertensive treatment]. PMID- 6219031 TI - Conservation of chromosomal high mobility group proteins HMG1 and HMG2 during differentiation of mouse myeloid leukemia cells. AB - The possible change in the levels of high mobility group proteins HMG1, HMG2 and histone H1 and H1(0) was investigated during mouse myeloid leukemia (M1) cell differentiation. In contrast to Friend erythroleukemia cells, no change occurred in the levels of any of these proteins. However, histone H1 phosphorylation significantly decreased. The results suggest that the loss of HMG1 and HMG2 proteins is not a generalized marker for cell differentiation. PMID- 6219032 TI - Laparoscopy in carcinoma of the gallbladder. AB - Twenty-three patients with gallbladder carcinoma were critically evaluated by laparoscopy. The diagnosis was confirmed in each case by either histology, cytology, or laparotomy. Direct evidence of carcinoma was present in 15 (65%) and indirect in eight (35%) patients. Cytology alone was positive in 80%, biopsy alone was positive in 60%, and the two techniques in combination yielded tissue diagnosis in 86% of patients having direct evidence. The yield of positive biopsy or cytology was low in cases with indirect evidence. Laparoscopy also circumvented laparotomy in 39% of patients because of the finding of multiple metastatic lesions over the liver surface. PMID- 6219033 TI - The windowed trocar: a useful tool for a safer and more efficient laparoscopy. PMID- 6219034 TI - Peritoneoscopy in chronic peritoneal dialysis: use in evaluation and management of complications. PMID- 6219035 TI - Splenic rupture during laparoscopy. PMID- 6219036 TI - Laparoscopic diagnosis of peritoneal mesothelioma. PMID- 6219037 TI - Histochemical studies of epithelial mucosubstances, respiratory and pentose shunt enzymes in the skin epidermis of the air-breathing fish Mastacembelus erythrotaenia (Mastacembelidae, Pisces). AB - The skin epidermis of the teleost fish Mastacembelus erythrotaenia has been studied by histochemical methods. 4 cell types were considered in the comparison; mucous goblet cells, sacciform cells, eosinophilic granular cells, and Malpighian cells. Succinate, isocitrate, glucose-6-phosphate, malate, and alpha-glycero phosphate dehydrogenase did not indicate any changes in activity in the outer epidermal cell layers in comparison with the lower ones where the weakening or absence of the reactions could be inferred to a reversible metabolic state in the fields of the tricarboxylic acid cycle and pentose phosphate pathways. The strong activities of the above oxido-reductive enzymes found in the basal layer were correlated with the proliferative activity of stem cell differentiation and kinetic processes of cell division. The major component of the mucus produced by the mucous goblet cells consists of weakly acidic mucins showing in their carbohydrate moieties both the sialic acids and sulphated components with a lower degree of sulphation as evidenced by the appropriate histochemical methods. The sacciform cells produce a tryptophan rich protein and serotonin, the latter presumably acting in the control of mucus release since the N-acetylneuraminic acid is known to be an integral part of the serotonin receptor (Gottschalk 1972). Other functions related to the above amine may include its toxicity against the potential predators. PMID- 6219038 TI - Physiological dependency between the hypothalamus and the thymus in Wistar rats. II. The neurosecretion level and microstructural changes following para chlorophenylalanine administration. The differences in DL-5-hydroxy G-3H tryptophane incorporation in the hypothalamus of normal and thymectomized rats. AB - The experiments were carried out on male Wistar rats, both normal and thymectomized in which the thymus was excised in 12th h of life. 8 weeks later, the animals were administered parachlorophenylalanine [PCPA], i.e. a compound inhibiting tryptophane hydroxylase, in the amount of 200 mg/kg of body weight. The studied hypothalamus preparations, i.e. supraoptical [NSO] and paraventricular nuclei [NPV] revealed an increased level of Gomori-positive neurosecretory material in thymectomized rats when compared to control animals. It was observed that the former rodents manifested an elevated incorporation of the isotope, i.e. DL-5-Hydroxy [G-3H] Tryptophane. The calculations performed by the use of the Gosset's t-test ("Student's") showed that the difference was statistically significant (p less than 0.001). PMID- 6219039 TI - [Experience with lamoxactam in gynecology: application as a monotherapeutic agent in severe genital infections and determination of its concentration in uterine and tubal tissues]. AB - In 30 patients with genital infections of different etiology and high fever lamoxactam was used as a single agent antibiotic. In 90% of the cases the treatment was successful. The antibiotic did not need to be changed in any of the cases. The determination of the lamoxactam concentration in the uterus and the fallopian tubes after a single dose of 2 grams pre-operatively at various times showed high tissue levels for a prolonged period of time. The concentrations were still higher 6 hours after the single dose than the in vitro MHK values for most bacteria important in gynaecological infections. PMID- 6219040 TI - Compliance with AHA guidelines for preventing bacterial endocarditis: report of a study. PMID- 6219041 TI - The rex region of bacteriophage lambda: two genes under three-way control. AB - The nucleotide sequence of the phage lambda rex region consists of 1428 bp and codes for two genes, rexA and rexB. Hence the complete lambda immunity region codes for four genes and covers 2664 bp of sequence unique to lambda, as defined by the left and right boundaries of the imm434 region. Coordinate expression of both rexA and rexB, which are co-regulated with the cI repressor gene from promoters p rm and p re is responsible for the Rex phenotype, i.e. exclusion of a wide variety of superinfecting phage such as T4rII. The position of a third promoter, p lit, which overlaps the carboxy-terminal end of the rexA coding region, permits expression of rexB without rexA, from the resulting 470 nucleotide lit RNA. The lit transcript, therefore, must act as messenger for rexB in the noncoordinate expression of the rex genes that occurs late in lambda lytic infection. The coordinate and noncoordinate expression of rexB and rexA suggests a dual role for the very hydrophobic rexB protein. Studies of lambda early and late DNA replication implicate rexB as having auxiliary functions in both lysogenisation and lytic infection. PMID- 6219042 TI - A chain of interlinked genes in the ninR region of bacteriophage lambda. AB - The 3612-bp DNA sequence of the phage lambda P-Q (ninR) region contains a series of nine open reading frames in a distinctly overlapping pattern: ATGA sequence modules occur at the boundaries of consecutive genes and are able to serve both as terminator (TGA) and (re)initiator (ATG) codons for most of the adjacent frames. Together with genes O, P, and Q, the newly detected ren and ninA through ninH constitute a series of twelve closely linked genes in the pR operon. Based upon the available evidence for several of the nin proteins, and on plasmid expression data, we conclude that at least the larger nin genes, and probably all of the newly detected open reading frames code for proteins. The nin5 deletion of 2803 bp is a frame-to-frame fusion of ren and ninH, and covers the t R2 termination signal located near its left boundary, immediately behind the ren gene. The possible significance of the observed chain of closely interlinked genes for the regulation of Q expression is discussed. PMID- 6219043 TI - Isolation of the origin of replication of the IncW-group plasmid pSa. AB - The origin of replication of the IncW plasmid pSa has been cloned and the function of this origin in Escherichia coli examined. A 1.9-kb region of DNA is required for efficient autonomous replication, and a 0.47-kb fragment within this region can initiate replication only in the presence of an autonomously replicating derivative of pSa. An Mr 35,000 protein (repA) is encoded adjacent to the origin and is required for efficient initiation of replication. The derivatives examined provide information suggesting a direct role of partition factors in plasmid replication and incompatibility. PMID- 6219044 TI - Relationship between 'sinking pre-beta-lipoprotein' (Lp(a) lipoprotein) and age in a family kindred. AB - Serum Lp(a) levels have been measured in a family kindred of three generations by Laurell electrophoresis. It was found that individuals with Lp(a) levels exceeding 30 mg/dl exhibited an extra pre-beta-band in agarose gel electrophoresis (sinking pre-beta positive), and a significant positive correlation existed between serum Lp(a) levels and age. A positive correlation between Lp(a) and total serum cholesterol was observed only in sinking pre-beta positive individuals, but not in sinking pre-beta-negative individuals with Lp(a) levels of less than 30 mg/dl. These findings are not contradictory to the assumption that Lp(a) might be an independent rise factor for atherosclerosis. PMID- 6219045 TI - [Sociological research to assess the level of population response to noise]. PMID- 6219046 TI - [Microbial pollution of the sewage from swine breeding farm complexes at treatment stages]. PMID- 6219047 TI - [Methodological approaches to estimating the morbidity with temporary disability in female workers of the subway system]. PMID- 6219049 TI - A comparison of Fc-receptor-bearing lymphocytes in normal individuals and in patients with lymphoproliferative diseases, using EA tests with rabbit and human sensitizing antibodies. AB - A comparison between the percentage of rosettes in EA tests, using rabbit and human-sensitizing antibodies and the depletion experiments of rosette-forming lymphocytes, showed that both systems can be used equally well to detect Fc receptors on mature peripheral blood lymphocytes. The observations made in B chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and immunocytoma patients suggested, however, that both EA tests determine lymphocytes that differ in Fc-receptors from normal lymphocytes. The possibility that the differences in Fc-receptors are connected with the stage of maturation of lymphocytes is discussed. PMID- 6219048 TI - T-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Report of a helper cell case. PMID- 6219050 TI - [Psychological aspects of disease and disability]. PMID- 6219051 TI - Histochemical analysis of muscle fibers in myotome of teleost fishes (Carassius auratus gibelio). AB - Qualitative histochemical studies were carried out on lateral musculature of Carassius auratus gibelio. On the basis of some metabolic enzymes (SDH, LDH) and myofibrillar ATP-ase activities, red, intermediate, white and small diameter muscle fibers were discerned. When SDH method was used, two other fiber types were distinguished. They built up a transition zone, which lay between intermediate and white muscle fiber complexes. The histochemical reaction for myofibrillar ATP-ase activity, after alkaline preincubation, revealed so called "displaced fibers" located at periphery of red as well as intermediate zones. PMID- 6219053 TI - [Unusual radiological findings after surgically treated constrictive pericarditis]. AB - The radiological findings in three patients who had had surgery for constrictive pericarditis are reported: 1. acute myocardial dilatation after pericardectomy for constrictive pericarditis, with good restitution of ventricular function; 2. abnormal ventricular appearances after pericardial resection during childhood; 3. diastolic prolapse of the cardiac apex after fenestration of the pericardium. PMID- 6219052 TI - [[Effect of traxanox sodium on type I-IV allergic reactions. Studies on anti allergic agents VII]. AB - The 48-hour passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) and passive anaphylactic bronchoconstriction in rats induced by an IgE-like antibody against DNP-Ascaris were inhibited by intravenous treatment with traxanox sodium in a dose dependent manner. In both experiments, traxanox sodium was more potent than disodium cromoglycate (DSCG), especially as an inhibitor of bronchial anaphylaxis. In the PCA test of rats using a double sensitization technique according to the Orr's method, traxanox sodium was demonstrated not to inhibit antigen-antibody combination, but to inhibit the release of chemical mediators at a stage following antigen-antibody combination. Traxanox sodium inhibited the complement dependent immune hemolysis, but not the hypotonic hemolysis in vitro. However it failed to inhibit the Forssman anaphylaxis in the guinea pig in vivo. Traxanox sodium (50-250 mg/kg p.o.) showed an inhibitory effect on the direct passive Arthus reaction (DPAR) of the rats. Furthermore, it delayed the onset of the hyperacute form of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) and reduced mortality in the rats. DSCG was less effective on DPAR and EAE. In conclusion, traxanox sodium is considered to have a wider spectrum of anti-allergic activity than DSCG since it has a suppressive effect not only on the type I allergic reaction, but also on the type III and IV allergic reactions. PMID- 6219054 TI - [Value and possibilities for the improvement of hysterosalpingography]. AB - The diagnostic results of hysterosalpingography and laparoscopy were compared (30 patients). Agreement between the methods was found in 73%. In 17% of the women, findings seen on hysterosalpingography, could not be confirmed at laparoscopy. Conversely, in 10% of negative hysterosalpingograms, adhesions were found at laparoscopy. Possible causes for these differences are discussed. At present three different methods are used for hysterosalpingography. Compared with a metal cannula or a Foley catheter, the use of a baby's feeding tube resulted in a reduction of tubal spasm. A reduction in screening time and consequent decrease in gonadal radiation is possible without loss of diagnostic information. PMID- 6219055 TI - Ultrasonography of liver haemangioma. A report of 35 patients totalizing 53 lesions. AB - During the last two years a total of 53 liver angiomas in 35 patients were examined by sonography. The angiomatous nature of these lesions was proven by angiography, CT, laparotomy, laparoscopy or autopsy. In this material the most striking sonographic data are the reflective character of the angiomas (94%), the subcapsular location (70%), the small size under 2 cm. (32%) and the multiplicity (35%). 90% of the lesions larger than 3 cm. tend to display polylobular contours. PMID- 6219056 TI - [Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty in radiation-induced pelvic artery stenosis]. PMID- 6219057 TI - [Ophthalmologic symptoms of autosomal trisomies. A contribution on differential diagnosis]. PMID- 6219058 TI - [Dynamics of functional muscular changes in the cervicothoracic spine during stereotype work loading in the clinical and EMG picture]. PMID- 6219059 TI - Seasonality of pre-ovulatory non-disjunction and the aetiology of Down syndrome. A European collaborative study. AB - Six series of patients with Down syndrome (DS) from different European countries, altogether 287 cases, were divided into four categories according to parental origin of the additional chromosome 21 and meiotic division in which the nondisjunction had occurred. The monthly birth or conception frequencies per category were analysed by graph and compared with the total birth curve by Watson's adaptation of the Kolmogorov-Smirnov statistic for cyclic trends. Unexpectedly, the non-disjunctions during maternal meiosis I (63%), by far the largest category, occurred more frequently during the seasonal "restoration" and "inhibition" phase of the "ovulatory seasons" and less frequently when the ovulation rate is stabilized. The graph of the maternal meiosis II patients (17%) also seemed to conform to this phenomenon, though less obviously. In contrast to this, the paternal DS graph (20%) was very divergent, although a seasonal cluster of non-disjunctions may also occur here. From these findings a seasonal disturbance of preovulatory ripening of the ovum emerges as a possible cause of the first (and second) meiotic non-disjunction. Seasonal periodicity of the prolactin concentration in women and "transient hyperprolactinaemia", shown to be allied to delayed ovulation, may be related to these seasonal DS conception clusters. PMID- 6219060 TI - Paternal age and Down's syndrome genotypes diagnosed prenatally: no association in New York state data. PMID- 6219061 TI - Mitogenic and suppressive activity of mycelia from gram-positive bacteria on murine and human lymphocytes. AB - Mycelia from several strains of Streptomyces were potent B-lymphocyte mitogens for spleen cells from 3 inbred mouse strains (BALB/c, C3H/HeJ, C3H/nu/nu), inducing lymphocyte proliferation and differentiation into immunoglobulin secreting cells. Streptomyces mycelia were also mitogenic towards human peripheral blood lymphocytes, where maximal stimulation was found on days 5 to 7. On the other hand, human lymphocytes incubated with the mycelia for 3 days, but not the supernatants of these cultures, strongly inhibited mixed leukocyte reactions. Irradiation experiments suggest the induction of both radioresistant and radiolabile suppressor-cell populations by the components. PMID- 6219062 TI - The effect of cyclophosphamide on cytotoxic T-lymphocyte responses: inhibition of helper T-cell induction in vitro. AB - The effects of cyclophosphamide (Cy) on the different cell populations participating in the cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response against haptenated (trinitrophenyl, TNP) syngeneic cells were studied. Pretreatment of responder cell donor mice with 150 mg/kg Cy decreased the cytotoxicity against TNP-modified syngeneic target cells almost to the background level. When TH cells were added to the culture the cytotoxicity increased significantly. Helper T cells were generated in vivo by priming the mice with TNP-modified syngeneic spleen cells or sensitizing the mice with a reactive hapten (TNCB). However, if the TH cell donor mice were treated with Cy before in vivo priming, the cytotoxicity reached the normal level, which indicated that TH precursors were not destroyed by Cy treatment and TH induction was even more effective after Cy. These data indicate that the decrease of the response by this Cy dose is not due to the sensitivity of CTL or TH precursors. Mice could be primed with male-specific (HY) antigen in spite of Cy pretreatment. However, Cy pretreatment caused a latent period of 2 weeks when effective CTL could not be generated in vitro, but after that the capacity for CTL generation was restored. These experiments confirm that pretreatment of responder cell donor mice with Cy does not destroy CTL or TH precursors, but rather affects their in vitro restimulation probably by destroying a short lived 'inducer' cell that is needed. PMID- 6219063 TI - The binding of proteins to isolated enterocytes from the small intestine of the neonatal rat. AB - IgG binds specifically to isolated jejunal enterocytes but not to ileal enterocytes; maximum binding occurred at pH 6. The ability of jejunal enterocytes to bind IgG was reduced to low levels at 20 days of age and was lost at 24 days. Human and rat IgG were bound specifically in similar amounts; human IgG displaced rat IgG with identical efficiency to rat IgG (ED50 = 50 nM). Much less bovine and sheep IgG were bound to enterocytes and the ED50s for these proteins were 150 nM and 2.5 microM, respectively. Rat IgG bound to jejunal enterocytes with high affinity (13.21 x 10(6)M-1) and to 4.83 x 10(6) sites per cell. Receptor protein was estimated to represent 0.18% of total cell protein. These observations are discussed in relation to the results of in vivo IgG transmission studies. It is estimated that the IgG transport mechanism, operating at maximum efficiency, requires that available IgG receptors would come into use once to twice per hour. PMID- 6219064 TI - Mouse immunoglobulin isotypes mediating cytotoxicity of target cells by eosinophils and neutrophils. AB - The cytotoxic activity of mouse eosinophils and neutrophils in the presence of antibodies of different isotypes has been studied. Mouse monoclonal anti-hapten antibodies of all the known mouse immunoglobulin isotypes have been used to coat hapten-coupled, 51Cr-labelled target cells. Two different target cells have been used, sheep red cells, as a model for intracellular killing, and BW cell line cells, as a model for extracellular killing. It is shown that both eosinophils and neutrophils lyse sheep red cells coated with IgG1, IgG2a and IgG2b and to a lesser extent IgG3. No killing is detected when sheep red cells are coated with IgM, IgA or IgD. Neutrophils, but not eosinophils are shown to lyse IgE-coated sheep red cells. When tested against BW cells, neutrophils have been found to induce high levels of 51Cr release in the presence of IgG1, IgG2a, IgG2b and IgE, but not when IgG3, IgM, IgA or IgD were used. In contrast, no killing of BW cells by eosinophils could be detected with any of the different antibody isotypes tested. However, it is shown that eosinophils are able to kill IgG-coated BW cells when hapten coupling is increased to maximum levels or when complement is added into the system, emphasizing our previous results showing that eosinophils require much higher levels of ligands than neutrophils to be effective. To test the possibility that eosinophils have a weak IgE receptor, complement was added to IgE-coated BW cells by means of a monoclonal IgM anti-Thy-1 antibody but no cytotoxicity was detected. It cannot be completely excluded that eosinophils have IgE blocking a putative IgE receptor. PMID- 6219065 TI - T-cell hybridoma co-expressing Fc receptors for different isotypes. I. Reciprocal regulation of Fc alpha R and Fc gamma R expression by IgA and interferon. AB - To clarify the co-expression phenomenon of T-cell Fc receptors (FcR) specific for different isotypes on the clonal level, a murine hybridoma clone T2D4 was studied. T2D4 cells originally reported to bear FcR for IgG (Fc gamma R) and to release a Fc gamma R-related T-cell factor binding to IgG (immunoglobulin binding factor; IBF) proved to have also the receptor for IgA. The binding of IgA was detected by rosette formation with trinitrophenylated ox red blood cells (TNP ORBC) after preincubation of T2D4 cells with MOPC 315 IgA having anti-TNP activity, or directly with TNP-ORBC sensitized with MOPC 315 IgA. While the binding of MOPC 315 IgA was competed for by IgA but not by IgG2A nor IgG2B, IgA failed to inhibit the rosette formation of the cells with ORBC sensitized with rabbit IgG antibody (EA ox gamma), proving that T2D4 cells express FcR specific for IgA (Fc alpha R) in addition to Fc gamma R. Co-expression of both receptors on the same cell surface was demonstrated by a double rosette technique using TNP quail red blood cells (TNP-QRBC) and EAox gamma. Fc alpha R activity of the cells was completely abrogated by 15 min. incubation with 0.1 mg/ml trypsin, whereas Fc gamma R was resistant even to 1 mg/ml trypsin. The expression of Fc alpha R was augmented (up-regulation) by IgA at the concentration above 300 micrograms/ml and inhibited (down-regulation) by 1000 u./ml of murine beta-interferon (beta-IFN). Conversely, the expression of Fc gamma R was down-regulated by IgA and up regulated by alpha-IFN. Thus, Fc gamma R and Fc alpha R are co-expressed and reciprocally regulated on these cell lines. The possible co-production of IBF and the Fc alpha R-related binding factor specific for IgA is discussed. PMID- 6219066 TI - The effect of the chemical modification in human Fc gamma fragment on protein A and Fc receptor binding. AB - The role of acidic side-chains on Fc gamma fragment in granulocyte receptor binding and in S. aureus protein A binding has been investigated by means of chemical modification. Alteration of a restricted number of carboxyl groups after 5 min of reaction is sufficient to abrogate the capacity of Fc to inhibit EA rosette formation by human neutrophils. More limited modification, which affects mainly the most exposed acidic chains, does not change receptor binding activity. In contrast, the interaction with protein A is largely unaffected, even under reaction conditions which are able to induce significant changes in the circular dichroism spectrum of Fc fragment. The results suggest that some acidic groups on Fc may be involved in the interaction with neutrophil receptor and that the binding to protein A and Fc receptor involves different sites. PMID- 6219067 TI - IFN-alpha-induced modulations of the events in human mixed lymphocyte cultures. AB - Autologous mixed lymphocyte cultures (AMC) with T-enriched subset of human blood lymphocytes as responders and B-cells or plastic adherent cells as stimulators and allogeneic mixed lymphocyte cultures (MLC) were assayed for blastogenesis and generation of cytotoxic potential. The activated cells lyzed K562 and Daudi, autologous and allogeneic PHA-blasts. The AMC population affected the autologous and allogeneic blasts at a similar strength and there was no indication for selective effects. B-Blasts induced with Staphylococcus aureus were not lyzed. The MLC populations had a stimulation-specific cytotoxic component. This was revealed by the stronger effect against the stimulator PHA-blasts and by the lysis of the stimulator B-blasts. Short-time interferon (IFN) treatment prior to the lytic assay enhanced the anti-Daudi and anti-K562 lytic activity of the AMC and MLC populations. With AMC the lytic efficiency against the autologous and allogeneic PHA-blasts were not changed while with MLC they were also elevated. This increase was confined to the non-specific component of the cytoxicity. The proliferation of lymphocytes was suppressed when interferon was added at the initiation of the mixed cultures. On a per-cell basis the cytotoxic potential of these cultures were stronger. In the MLC the stimulation-specific component increased more substantially than the effect against the non-specific targets. It is possible that the IFN-induced modification of the culture conditions such as suppression of the initial proliferation favored the growth of the specific clone. Re-exposure of these cells to another dose of interferon prior to the lytic assay had no effect on the lytic potential. PMID- 6219068 TI - Heterotopic autotransplantation of a slow & a fast muscle in middle aged rat Rattus norvegicus. PMID- 6219070 TI - Increased 'T lymphocyte' bearing Fc receptors for IgG in pregnancy. AB - T cell subpopulations as defined by E rosette formation and Fc receptors for immunoglobulins were determined, using ox red blood cells coated with the IgG or IgM fraction of rabbit anti-ox red blood cells antibody to form rosettes with the peripheral blood lymphocytes of 18 pregnant females and 12 healthy nonpregnant females. It was shown that the TG cell population in the pregnant females is significantly increased as compared to those in the nonpregnant controls (mean +/ SEM % TG cells: 18 +/- 1.2 vs. 9.6 +/- 0.7; p less than 0.001). By using peripheral blood from normal nonpregnant subjects it was also shown that TG cells suppressed one-way mixed lymphocyte reactions (mean +/- SEM suppression: 23 +/- 7.2; p less than 0.01). These findings suggest that the TG cell population may exert a suppressor function on the immune response to alloantigens and act in concert with other humoral factors to protect the fetus from rejection. PMID- 6219069 TI - Regional differences in dermal inflammatory reactions. AB - Regional differences in dermal inflammatory reactions in the dorsum of rat trunk were studied in three commonly used inflammatory models, i.e., reverse passive Arthus reaction (RPAR), passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA), and histamine induced inflammatory (HI) reaction. The RPAR showed an increasing severity from cranial to caudal regions, as measured by water content in the skin lesions. The PCA reaction, as measured by Evans blue leakage was not influenced by regional differences. The HI reaction, as measured by water content and leakage of radioactively labeled human serum albumin ( [125I]HSA), was significantly smaller in the central regions of the dorsum than in the most cranial and sacral regions. However, no regional differences were observed when the reaction was evaluated by protein-bound Evans blue leakage. A comparison of the three different methods to determine the HI reaction showed a correlation (r = 0.70) between measurements of water content and [125I]HSA leakage. There was less correlation of these two methods with measurements of Evans blue skin lesion diameter (r = 0.31 and 0.56, respectively). In conclusion, regional differences in inflammatory responses, and methodological differences to measure them, may influence the results of commonly used tests like RPAR, PCA and HI reactions. Such differences should be considered when quantitating dermal inflammatory reactions. PMID- 6219071 TI - A comparative study of Echinococcus granulosus from human and animal hosts in Kenya using isoelectric focusing and isoenzyme analysis. PMID- 6219072 TI - Comparison of the radiosensitivity of unsaturated fatty acids, structured as micelles or liposomes, under different experimental conditions. AB - A comparison has been made between the peroxidation rate as a result of ionizing radiation in liposomes prepared from phospholipids which were extracted from biological membranes, in single component micelles and in micelles of mixed composition. The ease of fatty acid oxidation in the different preparations was studied at a variety of pH values. The damage has been quantified spectrophotometrically in terms of diene conjugation (233 nm) and as the disappearance of fatty acids by gas chromatography. The ease of fatty acid oxidation was in the following order for the liposomal and mixed micelle preparations: 22:6 greater than 20:4 greater than 18:2. For single component micelles the order was reversed: 18:2 greater than 18:3 greater than 20:4 greater than 22:6. The micellar lipid preparations were pH-dependent in their response to radiation, which was demonstrated by a dip in the pH-response curve. Peroxidation of especially 22:6 was promoted when present in mixed micelles with 18:2. PMID- 6219073 TI - Anterior segment inflammation and skin disease. PMID- 6219074 TI - Acute effect of thymoxamine on aqueous humor formation in the epinephrine-treated normal eye as measured by fluorophotometry. AB - The acute effect of 0.5% thymoxamine and 1% epinephrine on aqueous humor flow was evaluated by fluorophotometry in 25 normal human subjects in a randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled study. Changes in intraocular pressure, anterior chamber volume, and pupil diameter were also measured. The results of this study indicate that epinephrine alone increases aqueous humor flow by 19% and that thymoxamine in a dose sufficient to produce miosis does not alter this acute effect of epinephrine. PMID- 6219075 TI - Effects of sulindac on in vitro immunologic function and on prostaglandin production by human peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes. AB - Prostaglandins (PG) appear to regulate immune-mediated inflammation, but the mechanisms involved remain unclear. Several families of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAID) have been observed to inhibit PG synthesis. Among these drugs, sulindac sulfide is a potent inhibitor of PG production while its parent pro-drug, sulindac sulfoxide (sulindac), lacks PG synthesis inhibitory activity in cell-free systems. We have studied the effects of sulindac sulfoxide on the blastogenic response of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) stimulated by exposure to alloantigens and mitogens in vitro. Sulindac inhibited proliferation of activated PBMC in a dose-dependent manner but had little effect on the proliferation of unstimulated cells. The inhibition of mitogen-induced blastogenesis correlated with both the uptake of radiolabeled drug and the inhibition of in vitro production of PG (PGE and PGF) by mitogen-activated PBMC. These data indicate a functional relationship between PG synthesis and immune cell activation which may also apply to PBMC activated in vivo by autoimmune disease. Metabolism of sulindac sulfoxide by PBMC in vitro produced too little sulindac sulfide to adequately explain the inhibition of PG production. These data suggest that immunomodulation by sulindac may be due to a direct inhibition of cellular activation. Thus, it is proposed that decreased PG production may be a result rather than the cause of the hypoproliferative response. PMID- 6219076 TI - Surgical treatment of isthmic spondylolisthesis in adults. Review of 44 cases with long-term control. AB - The results are presented of 44 cases of isthmic spondylolisthesis in adults treated surgically. The Authors consider three groups treated by: A) surgery to free the nerve roots, B) posterior fusion with or without freeing of the nerve roots, C) posteriorlateral fusion. After an analysis of the techniques at present in use for the treatment of spondylolisthesis, the Authors conclude that, in adults, posteriorlateral fusion produces a high percentage of successes with low risk. PMID- 6219077 TI - [Keratosis palmaris et plantaris with Vorner's granulous degeneration]. PMID- 6219078 TI - [Expert testimony according to the law on the severely disabled]. AB - The number of severely disabled with official acknowledgement is nowadays estimated at over four million and is going to mount to six or seven million shortly. In the future that means an additional activity for the ENT-specialist concerning the medical opinion handling the law of severely disabled. In this study registration procedure, course of law and questions in giving the medical opinion (signs of old age, hearing impairment, disequilirium, neoplasm) are described. Also findings and results of 38 medical opinions for social courts are described. PMID- 6219080 TI - Prosthetic repair of large abdominal wall defects in horses and food animals. PMID- 6219079 TI - Effects of p-chlorophenylalanine on ventilatory control in goats. AB - The effects of tryptophan hydroxylase inhibition with p-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA; 100 mg/kg iv) on ventilatory control were studied in awake goats. Ventilation, CO2 production, and blood gases were measured 16-24 h after PCPA at rest and during mild exercise in normoxia and at rest in hypoxia and hypercapnia. PCPA increased ventilation 36% at rest, predominantly through an effect on respiratory frequency, and decreased arterial PCO2 (PaCO2) 6.5 Torr. Ventilatory gain in exercise (delta VI/deltaVCO2) was increased 20% by PCPA thereby maintaining PaCO2 at its new resting value. Hypoxia (fractional inspired O2 concentration = 0.12) had little effect on ventilation or PaCO2 at rest, either on control or on PCPA test days. Ventilatory sensitivity to CO2 at rest (delta VI/delta PaCO2) was unaffected by PCPA. Bilateral carotid body denervation (CBX) was performed in the animals, and experiments were repeated 3 mo after the first administration of PCPA. CBX alone decreased ventilation 29% and increased PaCO2 9.4 Torr. Administration of PCPA increased ventilation 35%, decreased PaCO2 by 10.2 Torr at rest, and increased ventilatory gain in exercise 26%. Thus carotid bodies are not necessary for the ventilatory response to PCPA. Furthermore, the primary neural pathways associated with exercise or hypercapnia are not specifically affected by inhibition of serotonin metabolism via PCPA. PMID- 6219082 TI - Linear phoneme boundaries for German synthetic two-formant vowels. AB - The phonetic boundaries of variable, synthetic two-formant vowels were studied in psychophysical tests. In the F1 versus F2 formant plane, vowel boundaries appeared to be straight and all but one were parallel to the formant axes. Discrimination of two of the eight German vowels examined relied within certain boundaries upon information of the frequency of the first formant (F1) independent of that of the second (F2) or vice versa. Two vertical F1 boundaries were common to six vowels and one horizontal F2 boundary was common to five vowels. Interpreted in the light of recent neurophysiological data these findings point to the existence of mechanisms of vowel recognition with independent assessment of the two formants. PMID- 6219081 TI - Sexual reactivation of chronically ill and disabled adults. AB - Nurses, occupational therapists, and physical therapists have acknowledged the importance of their roles, and their lack of knowledge, as related to the sexual reactivation of chronically ill and disabled individuals. This article reviews the sexual implications for adults of arthritis, heart disease, stroke, and amputations. The purpose is to familiarize allied health professionals with the specific physical or pharmacological problems affecting sexual intimacy in these conditions and with the methods of intervention or remediation that may be used in rehabilitation. Suggestions are provided to help the allied health professional who feels uncomfortable with the topic of sexuality to begin to assume a responsive and responsible role toward holistic care. PMID- 6219083 TI - Semitendinosus muscle development in fetally decapitated pigs. AB - The effect of decapitation on semitendinosus muscle growth and development was studied in the fetal pig. Pig fetuses were decapitated at 45 d of gestation and histochemical and biochemical analyses conducted at 110 d of gestation. Decapitation prevented or delayed the conversion of secondary fibers from Type II to Type I histochemistry as is characteristic of the normal semitendinosus. Morphological analyses indicated either a prolonged stage of secondary myofiber formation or an inhibition of secondary myofiber hypertrophy in muscle from decapitated fetuses. Biochemical and histochemical analyses indicated that muscle from decapitated fetuses was biochemically and chemically immature compared with that from normal fetuses. PMID- 6219084 TI - Intestinal side effects of cefoperazone. PMID- 6219085 TI - Comparative in-vitro activity of norfloxacin and selected antimicrobial agents against urinary tract pathogens and Neisseria gonorrhoeae. PMID- 6219086 TI - Intestinal side effect of cefoperazone, in perspective. PMID- 6219087 TI - Piperacillin. PMID- 6219089 TI - Cefoperazone versus cefamandole in the treatment of acute bacterial lower respiratory tract infections. AB - In a randomized comparative study, 113 patients were treated with cefoperazone or cefamandole for acute bacterial lower respiratory tract infections. Most patients had Streptococcus pneumoniae or Haemophilus influenzae infections, although five patients in the cefoperazone group had infections caused by other Gram-negative bacilli (two with Pseudomonas aeruginosa). The clinical responses and adverse effects were not significantly different between the two treatment groups. Satisfactory clinical responses occurred in 36/39 (92%) of evaluable patients in the cefoperazone group and 33/34 (97%) of evaluable patients treated with cefamandole. Two failures in the cefoperazone group were secondary to superinfection (Acinetobacter and Ps. aeruginosa). Bacteriological and symptomatic failure occurred in one patient with Ps. aeruginosa lung abscess treated with cefoperazone and in one patient with a polymicrobial empyema treated with cefamandole. The results of this study indicate that cefoperazone is safe and effective in the therapy of acute bacterial lower respiratory tract infections. PMID- 6219088 TI - The beta-lactamase stability of acylureidopenicillins. PMID- 6219091 TI - Heart transplantation. PMID- 6219090 TI - Antibacterial activity of teichomycin, a new glycopeptide antibiotic, in comparison to vancomycin. PMID- 6219092 TI - A physician-based, statewide health information system: one year's experience. PMID- 6219093 TI - General principles of limb amputation surgery. PMID- 6219094 TI - Etiology of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: a review of the current literature. PMID- 6219095 TI - Treating psychiatric emergencies in Arkansas. PMID- 6219096 TI - Vitrectomy, a valuable means for the restoration of vision in blind eyes. PMID- 6219097 TI - High pressure liquid chromatographic determination of zearalenone in chicken tissues. AB - A method is reported for the extraction and analysis of zearalenone in chicken fat, heart muscle, and kidney tissue by using high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). Zearalenone is extracted with acetonitrile, cleaned up with hexane, and extracted further with ethyl acetate. Zearalenone is determined by HPLC using a reverse phase radial compression separation system, an ultraviolet absorbance detector, and a mobile phase of acetonitrile-water (60 + 40) (v/v). Recoveries of zearalenone added at levels from 50 to 200 ng/g are in the range 82.6-95.1%. PMID- 6219098 TI - Morphology of complexes formed between bacteriophage lambda and structures containing the lambda receptor. AB - Two types of complexes can be formed between bacteriophage lambda and structures bearing the lambda receptor, either liposomes or rod-shaped particles. Type 1 complexes involve binding between the tip of the lambda tail fiber and the receptor, so that the hollow tail is positioned an average of 17 nm from the surface of the receptor-bearing structures. In type 2 complexes, the hollow tail is in direct contact with the membrane of the liposome or surface of the rod shaped particle. Type 1 complexes are the precursors for type 2 complexes whose formation is necessary for normal DNA ejection. PMID- 6219099 TI - Peptide utilization by nitrogen-starved Neurospora crassa. AB - Peptides ranging in size from a mean number of 30 residues down to dipeptides supported growth of a leucine auxotroph when used as both a nitrogen and leucine source. Under nitrogen-limiting conditions, the peptides induced extracellular peptidohydrolytic activity, hydrolyzing peptides to monomer amino acids. Growth of a leu-2 mutant of Neurospora crassa on those peptides transportable by the oligopeptide transport system did not result in induction of hydrolytic activity, whereas growth of a leu-2; gltR mutant on these same peptides resulted in induction of peptidohydrolytic activity. The induced extracellular proteolytic activity was shown to be analogous to that inducible by growth on proteins, e.g., bovine serum albumin. PMID- 6219100 TI - Paranoid psychosis in a patient receiving ibuprofen, a prostaglandin synthesis inhibitor: case report. PMID- 6219101 TI - Actin modulating proteins in the sea urchin egg. I. Analysis of G-actin-binding proteins by DNase I-affinity chromatography and purification of a 17,000 molecular weight component. AB - Two groups of protein species which interact with G-actin were detected in unfertilized sea urchin eggs by DNase-I affinity chromatography in the presence of Ca2+. One of the protein groups, which comprised of six major proteins, was eluted by EGTA. One of these proteins was tentatively identified as calmodulin. The other protein group, comprising of four major proteins, could be dissociated from the immobilized DNase I at a higher ionic strength. One of these proteins, showing a molecular weight of 17,000 (17 K protein), was purified to homogeneity. In its action on actin, 17 K protein revealed properties quite similar to those of a protein called depactin isolated from unfertilized starfish oocytes, but different from those of profilins isolated from mammalian tissues or Acanthamoeba. 17 K protein co-migrated with depactin on an SDS-gel. It inhibited actin polymerization and quickly depolymerized F-actin. When added to G-actin before polymerization, 17 K protein suppressed the final extent of actin polymerization. This inhibition was not released by the addition of sonicated F actin nuclei. When added to F-actin, 17 K protein rapidly reduced the viscosity and increased the G-actin concentration of the actin solution. In both cases, the final extent of actin polymerization strictly depended on the molar ratio of 17 K protein to actin, indicating a stoichiometric association between 17 K protein and actin. PMID- 6219102 TI - Nanosecond fluorometric investigation of hydrodynamic properties of adenosine triphosphatase from thermophilic bacterium PS3. AB - The soluble portion (TF1) of proton-translocating ATPase from thermophilic bacterium PS3 was labeled with a fluorescent dye N-(1-pyrene)maleimide. The decay of fluorescence anisotropy of the adduct showed that TF1 in aqueous solution was characterized by a volume of equivalent sphere of 1,120 nm3. This value is 2.4 times the volume calculated from the molecular weight and partial specific volume, indicating a non-spherical shape and/or extensive hydration. A prolate ellipsoid with an axial ratio of 2 to 3 is suggested as a first approximation of the shape of hydrated TF1. The presence or absence of ATP, ADP, or Mg2+ did not alter the volume of the equivalent sphere appreciably; the probable conformational change of TF1 induced by these ligands does not lead to a gross alteration of its hydrodynamic properties. PMID- 6219103 TI - Isolation of a highly active H+-ATPase from beef heart mitochondria. AB - The lysolecithin extraction procedure originally described by Sadler et al. (1974) has been modified to yield a H+-ATPase with high levels of Pi-ATP exchange activity (400-600 nmol x min-1 x mg-1). This activity is further enhanced (1400 1600 nmol x min-1 x mg-1) following sucrose density gradient centrifugation in the presence of asolectin. This enhancement results in part from a lipid dependent activation and in part from removal of inactive complexes. The H+ translocating activity of the complex has been determined spectrophotometrically using binding of oxonol VI as an indicator of membrane potential. Pi-ATP exchange, ATP hydrolysis, and oxonol binding are sensitive to energy-transfer inhibitors (oligomycin, rutamycin) and/or uncouplers (DNP, FCCP). PMID- 6219104 TI - Modulation of the chloroplast ATPase by tight ADP binding. Effect of uncouplers and ATP. AB - Inactivation of the membrane-bound ATPase by tight ADP binding was studied under nonenergized conditions. The energy state of the system was controlled either by omitting MgCl2, preventing ATP hydrolysis, or by addition of an uncoupler which dissipates the delta mu H+. In the absence of Mg2+, ATP prevents the inactivation of the enzyme by ADP, in a competitive manner. This effect of ATP resembles that of GDP with Mg2+ present. In the presence of nigericin, Mg2+, and ATP, inactivation occurs after a 10-15-sec interval, during which the enzyme is able to hydrolyze ATP at a relatively rapid rate. The degree of inactivation is proportional to the level of bound ADP detected. This behavior is different from that of the coupled ATPase (no uncoupler added), where inactivation is attained only upon exhaustion of the ATP by its hydrolysis, despite the finding that ADP binds tightly to the active ATPase at all stages of the reaction. Higher levels of tightly bound ADP were detected in the presence of an uncoupler. We suggest that the interval during which the enzyme becomes inactive is that required for the enzyme to generate and bind ADP, and to change from the active to the inactive conformation. These results support the mechanism suggested previously for the modulation of the ATPase by tight nucleotide binding. PMID- 6219105 TI - Interaction of high-affinity nucleotide binding sites in mitochondrial ATP synthesis and hydrolysis. AB - The present study contributes to the problem of the dynamic structure of mitochondrial F1-ATPase and the functional interrelation of so-called tight nucleotide binding sites. Nucleotide analogs are used as a tool to differentiate two distinct functional states of the membrane-bound enzyme, proposed to reflect corresponding conformational states; they reveal F1-ATPase as a "dual-state" enzyme: ATP-synthetase, and ATP-hydrolase. The analogs used are 3'-naphthoyl esters of AD(T)P, and 2'(3')-O-trinitrophenyl ethers of AD(T)P. Both types of analogs act inversely to each other with respect to their relative effects on oxidative phosphorylation and on ATPase in submitochondrial vesicles. The respective ratios of Ki versus both processes are 250/1 compared to 1/170. It is also shown that in the presence of the inhibitory 3'-esters oxidative phosphorylation deviates from linear kinetics and that these inhibitors induce a lag time of oxidative phosphorylation depending on the initial pattern of nucleotides available to energized submitochondrial vesicles. The duration of the lag time coincides with the time course of displacement of the analog from a tight binding site. The conclusions of the study are: (a) the catalytic sites of F1-ATP-synthetase are not operating independently from each other; they rather interact in a cooperative manner; (b) F1-ATPase as a "dual-state" enzyme exhibits highly selective responses to tight binding of nucleotides or analogs in its "energized" (membrane-bound) state versus its "nonenergized" state, respectively. PMID- 6219106 TI - Properties of a novel ATPase enzyme in chromaffin granules. AB - Membranes were isolated from mitochondria and chromaffin granules of bovine adrenal medullae. The cross-contamination between the two membranes was examined by comparing the radioactive bands on autoradiograms of gels after phosphorylation of the membranes with [gamma-32P]-ATP and decoration with [125I]concanavalin A and [125I]protein A with antibody that was raised against chromaffin-granule membranes. It was found that the membranes cross-contaminated each other by less than 10%. The technique of immunodecoration with antibodies against beta subunits of proton-ATPases from yeast mitochondria, spinach chloroplasts, and E. coli membranes was used for quantitative estimation of proton-ATPase complexes in chromaffin granules and mitochondrial membranes. It was found that chromaffin-granule membranes contain less than 10% of the amount of proton-ATPase complex in mitochondrial membranes. The specific ATPase activity of chromaffin-granule membranes was on the order of 30 to 50% of the mitochondrial membranes. The ATPase activity of the chromaffin-granule membranes was more sensitive to 4-acetamido-4'-isothiocyano-2,2'-disulfonic acid stilbene and 4-chloro-7-nitrobenzofurazan. It was much less sensitive than the mitochondrial membranes to antibody against beta subunit of proton-ATPase from E. coli membranes. After solubilization of chromaffin-granule membranes by octyglucoside and cholate and subsequent centrifugation on sucrose gradient, two different ATPase enzymes were separated. The heavier enzyme was identical to the mitochondrial-ATPase complex, while the lighter enzyme was identified as a novel ATPase, which might be responsible for the special properties of the ATPase activity of chromaffin-granule membranes. PMID- 6219107 TI - Purification and characterization of recA protein from salmonella typhimurium. AB - recA protein was purified to homogeneity from Salmonella typhimurium TA98 strain after induction of the cells by nalidixic acid. The purification was monitored with a radioimmune assay and involved a specific elution of the protein by ATP from a single-stranded DNA-cellulose column. From 240 liters of cell culture we obtained 40 mg of recA protein which was more than 98% pure. This protein exhibited the same molecular weight as measured on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel and the same isoelectric point as the Escherichia coli recA protein purified by a similar procedure. In addition, the S. typhimurium recA protein is endowed with a single-stranded DNA-dependent ATPase activity and cleaves the phage lambda repressor in vitro at the same rate as E. coli recA protein and with the same qualitative requirements. However, peptide mapping with the Staphylococcus aureus V8 protease and cross-reaction with heterologous antibodies show that these two proteins are slightly different. PMID- 6219108 TI - Occlusion of calcium in the ADP-sensitive phosphoenzyme of the adenosine triphosphatase of sarcoplasmic reticulum. AB - In order to characterize the form of the phosphorylated Ca2+-ATPase of sarcoplasmic reticulum which occludes the calcium bound in the enzyme (Takisawa, H., and Makinose, M. (1981) Nature (Lond.) 290, 271-273), a kinetic method was developed allowing quantitation of the amount of ADP-sensitive and ADP insensitive phosphoenzyme. The relationships between occluded Ca2+ in the enzyme and the two forms of phosphoenzyme were studied at various concentrations of CaCl2 and MgCl2. The amount of tightly bound Ca2+ in the phosphoenzyme increases concordantly with the increase in the amount of ADP-sensitive phosphoenzyme, suggesting that occlusion of Ca2+ occurs in the ADP-sensitive phosphoenzyme. These results suggest that 1 mol of ADP-sensitive phosphoenzyme occludes 2 mol of Ca2+. Ca2+ is released from the enzyme under conditions which favor the formation of the ADP-insensitive phosphoenzyme (e.g. 5 mM MgCl2 and 50 microM CaCl2). Ca2+ release correlates approximately with the formation of the ADP-insensitive phosphoenzyme. The simulated time course of Ca2+ release, based on the Ca2+ binding properties of the two forms of phosphoenzyme, shows a good fit with the Ca2+ release curves observed, indicating that the ADP-insensitive phosphoenzyme binds no Ca2+ under these conditions. PMID- 6219109 TI - Phosphorylation by ATP of sarcoplasmic reticulum ATPase in the absence of calcium. AB - (Ca2+ + Mg2+)-dependent ATPase purified from sarcoplasmic reticulum was phosphorylated by [gamma-32P]ATP in the presence of ethylene glycol bis(beta aminoethyl ether)-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid, dimethyl sulfoxide, and magnesium up to levels of 1.0 mumol of phosphoenzyme/g of protein. In the presence of 30% (v/v) dimethyl sulfoxide, phosphorylation by ATP measured in the absence of calcium was abolished by 100 mM NaCl or KCl. Optimal pH for phosphoenzyme formation was 5.5 to 6.0. The phosphoenzyme levels were not significantly affected by varying the temperature of the reaction medium in the range from 0 to 20 degrees C. Increasing dimethyl sulfoxide concentrations lead to a progressive increase of the steady state level of phosphoenzyme and to a decrease of both the velocities of formation and breakdown of phosphoenzyme. The observed decrease of phosphoenzyme hydrolysis was greater than that of formation, accounting for the higher phosphoenzyme levels observed with increasing dimethyl sulfoxide concentrations. Phosphoenzyme formed from ATP in the absence of calcium is an acylphosphate-type compound, as demonstrated by its pH and hydroxylamine sensitivity. The phosphate radioactivity was incorporated into the (Ca2+ + Mg2+) ATPase as shown by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Controls were performed that eliminate both the possibility of calcium bound to the enzyme and the possibility of enzyme phosphorylation by contaminant 32Pi. PMID- 6219110 TI - Electron microscopy of beef heart F1-ATPase crystals. AB - The structure of thin crystalline plates of beef heart F1-ATPase has been investigated by a combination of electron microscopy and computer-based image processing. Both negatively stained thin crystals and thin sections of embedded crystals were used in the analysis. Some inherent twinning was observed in the thin crystals and two distinct orthorhombic crystal forms present in the microcrystal population were characterized. The form I crystals are space group P2(1)2(1)2 with unit cell parameters of a = 164 A, b = 324 A, and c = 118 A. The form I crystals have 1 molecule of beef heart coupling factor-ATPase/asymmetric unit and averaged reconstructions of projections of the (001) and (100) planes allowed the deduction of the packing of single F1-ATPase complexes in the crystals. The form II crystals have unit cell parameters of a = 156 A, c = 162 A, beta = 90 degrees and are either space group P2(1)2(1)2 or P222(1). Furthermore, based on the results presented in this report, it is clear that the monoclinic crystalline inclusions which have been observed in human mitochondria are not directly related to the form I or form II crystals of the F1-ATPase. PMID- 6219111 TI - A study revealing a tall pelvis in subjects with low back pain. AB - Modern anthropometric techniques were used to investigate two groups of subjects, one with various syndromes associated with pain in the lower back and the other a control group. Analysis confirmed previous reports that people prone to pain in the back have a greater standing height than people who are not. To investigate this further two new components of height, namely pelvic height and suprapelvic height, were calculated in addition to the established calculation of subischial height. Consecutive components, namely suprapelvic height, pelvic height and subischial height, together constituted the standing height of a subject. The main finding of this investigation was that the relatively large standing height of the subject prone to back pain was due only to the pelvic component. PMID- 6219112 TI - Paget's disease of bone mimicking metastases. AB - Seven patients with Paget's disease, mimicking the radiographic appearance of metastatic disease, are illustrated. This disorder may simulate metastases if the simultaneous processes of bone resorption and new bone formation are not apparent, especially if there is no evidence of bone enlargement. Additional confusion may arise if the lesion is monostotic, has an unusual location, or occurs in a patient with known or suspected malignant disease. PMID- 6219113 TI - Abdominal aortic angioplasty: a case report with angiographic follow-up. AB - Two women with typical clinical and angiographic findings of aorto-iliac occlusive disease underwent a successful percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of a severe stenosis of the lower abdominal aorta. One of them in whom control aortograms provide information on the mechanism of balloon angioplasty is reported here. PMID- 6219114 TI - "Activated" monocytes in gastric cancer patients. II. Suppressor and cytostatic activity in vitro. AB - The spontaneous nitro-blue tetrazolium (NBT) reduction of monocytes from patients with gastric cancer was assessed and compared with an in vitro monocyte-mediated cytostasis of tumor cell lines and their suppressor activity. The increased NBT reduction correlated with the ability of monocytes to inhibit mitogen-induced normal lymphocyte response and cytostatic activity against L-1210 murine lymphoma cell line. These observations suggest that "activated" monocytes of some cancer patients may play the role of suppressor cells and exert an anti-tumor effect in vitro. PMID- 6219115 TI - Cell surface heparan sulfate mediates some adhesive responses to glycosaminoglycan-binding matrices, including fibronectin. AB - Proteins with affinities for specific glycosaminoglycans (GAC's) were used as probes for testing the potential of cell surface GAG's to mediate cell adhesive responses to extracellular matrices (ECM). Plasma fibronectin (FN) and proteins that bind hyaluronate (cartilage proteo-glycan core and link proteins) or heparan sulfate (platelet factor 4 [PF4]) were adsorbed to inert substrata to evaluate attachment and spreading of several 3T3 cell lines. Cells failed to attach to hyaluronate-binding substrata. The rates of attachment on PF4 were identical to those on FN; however, PF4 stimulated formation of broad convex lamellae but not tapered cell processes fibers during the spreading response. PF4-mediated responses were blocked by treating the PF4-adsorbed substratum with heparin (but not chondroitin sulfate), or alternatively the cells with Flavobacter heparinum heparinase (but not chondroitinase ABC). Heparinase treatment did not inhibit cell attachment to FN but did inhibit spreading. Cells spread on PF4 or FN contained similar Ca2+-independent cell-substratum adhesions, as revealed by EGTA mediated retraction of their substratum-bound processes. Microtubular networks reorganized in cells on PF4 but failed to extend into the broadly spread lamellae, where fine microfilament bundles had developed. Stress fibers, common on FN, failed to develop on PF4. These experiments indicate that (a) heparan sulfate proteoglycans are critical mediators of cell adhesion and heparan sulfate dependent adhesion via PF4 is comparable in some, but not all, ways to FN mediated adhesion, (b) the uncharacterized and heparan sulfate-independent "cell surface" receptor for FN permits some but not all aspects of adhesion, and (c) physiologically compatible and complete adhesion of fibroblasts requires binding of extracellular matrix FN to both the unidentified "cell surface" receptor and heparan sulfate proteoglycans. PMID- 6219116 TI - Biosynthetic pathway of mitochondrial ATPase subunit 9 in Neurospora crassa. AB - Subunit 9 of mitochondrial ATPase (Su9) is synthesized in reticulocyte lysates programmed with Neurospora poly A-RNA, and in a Neurospora cell free system as a precursor with a higher apparent molecular weight than the mature protein (Mr 16,400 vs. 10,500). The RNA which directs the synthesis of Su9 precursor is associated with free polysomes. The precursor occurs as a high molecular weight aggregate in the postribosomal supernatant of reticulocyte lysates. Transfer in vitro of the precursor into isolated mitochondria is demonstrated. This process includes the correct proteolytic cleavage of the precursor to the mature form. After transfer, the protein acquires the following properties of the assembled subunit: it is resistant to added protease, it is soluble in chloroform/methanol, and it can be immunoprecipitated with antibodies to F1-ATPase. The precursor to Su9 is also detected in intact cells after pulse labeling. Processing in vivo takes place posttranslationally. It is inhibited by the uncoupler carbonylcyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP). A hypothetical mechanism is discussed for the intracellular transfer of Su9. It entails synthesis on free polysomes, release of the precursor into the cytosol, recognition by a receptor on the mitochondrial surface, and transfer into the inner mitochondrial membrane, which is accompanied by proteolytic cleavage and which depends on an electrical potential across the inner mitochondrial membrane. PMID- 6219118 TI - Proliferative variability of endothelial clones derived from adult bovine aorta: influence of fibroblast growth factor and smooth muscle cell extracellular matrix. AB - Four endothelial cell clones derived from adult bovine aorta were examined with respect to their proliferative characteristics in vitro. Three of these clones, derived in the absence of fibroblast growth factor (FGF), displayed variable basal proliferative rates. One of these non-FGF derived clones grew at a maximal rate which could not be further enhanced with FGF. The other two clones grew at a suboptimal rate which was stimulated by low doses of FGF (10-50 ng/ml) and inhibited by higher doses (100-250 ng/ml). The fourth clone, derived in the presence of FGF, was stimulated by FGF in a dose-dependent manner (10-250 ng/ml) and was not growth inhibited at high FGF concentrations (250-1,000 ng/ml). Growth of all four clones on extracellular matrix (ECM) derived from bovine aortic smooth muscle (BASM) cells was optimal in the absence of FGF. ECM-coated dishes also significantly increased the sensitivity of all clones by at least fivefold to mitogenic stimulation by serum. The proliferative lifespans of the clones ranged between 60 and 120 generations with the most actively proliferating clones attaining the greatest lifespan. Continuous subculture of two of the endothelial clones in the presence of FGF or on ECM-coated dishes did not induce a dependence of the cells on either factor for subsequent growth in its absence. The results indicate that aortic endothelial cells display considerable clonal variability in ther basal proliferative rate and in their response to FGF. This clonal variability is not observed when the cells are maintained on ECM-coated dishes derived from vascular smooth muscle cells. PMID- 6219119 TI - [Rupture of the abdominal wall in highway accident victims wearing seat-belts]. AB - Rupture of the rectus abdominis muscle represents one of the rare specific lesions due to seat-belts. Two cases are presented which illustrate diagnostic difficulties and the value of the warning provided by these lesions, which are very frequently associated with severe contusion of the small intestine or colon. PMID- 6219117 TI - Fine structure of a periciliary ridge complex of frog retinal rod cells revealed by ultrahigh resolution scanning electron microscopy. AB - We studied the junctional region between rod inner segments (RIS) and outer segments (ROS) in frog retinas by high resolution scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Retinas of dark adapted or light exposed Rana pipiens were critical-point dried and RIS and ROS were split and coated with ultrathin metal films of niobium and chromium--or decorated with gold--and imaged in a new SE-I imaging mode. The connecting cilium (CC) usually broke at the base of the RIS and remained attached to the ROS. The outer part of the CC plasmalemma expanded to form liplike protrusions beyond which disks evaginated with successively larger diameter until they reached the full width of the ROS. The CC rose out from an invagination of the RIS apical plasma membrane (PM). On the lateral walls of this invagination, a highly ordered complex of nine symmetrically arrayed ridges and grooves rose steeply and extended laterally approximately 0.4-1 micron on the adjacent RIS PM. On the apical plasmalemma, the ridges and grooves formed groups of three to four parallel rows that surrounded the invagination. The grooves were bridged by filaments anchored at the top edges of the ridges. This highly ordered structure we term the periciliary ridge complex (PRC). Its ninefold symmetry apparently reflects the 9 + 0 microtubule organization of the CC axoneme. The three dimensional structure revealed by SEM was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of sections of Epon-embedded retinas. TEM-immunocytochemistry on thin sections of retinas embedded in glutaraldehyde cross-linked albumin suggested that the PRC and the CC may participate in opsin transport and disk morphogenesis. PMID- 6219120 TI - [Aneurysmal complication of a dacron vascular prosthesis]. AB - Arterial prosthesis employed in the University Hospital Center, Homburg en Sarre, F.R.G. since 1972 have mainly consisted of knitted velvet dacron for internal insertion. Aneurysms at the site of anastomoses are a known complication and several cases have been observed, but no reports of aneurysms at the level of a prosthesis appear to have been published. This complication occurred twice in the same patient with a interval of fifteen months. Based on the results of experimental data, the question is raised as to whether this complication is the consequence of degradation of the dacron by monocytic elements. PMID- 6219121 TI - High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of nicotinic acid and its metabolites, nicotinuric acid and nicotinamide, in plasma. PMID- 6219122 TI - Sensitive high-performance liquid chromatographic analysis of moxalactam in biological fluids. PMID- 6219123 TI - Analysis of piperacillin using high-performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 6219124 TI - Lymphocyte transformation induced by autologous cells. XV. Xenoantigens are not required for the proliferative response observed in the autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction. AB - The autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction is the proliferative response of T cells cultured with autologous non-T cells. This reaction has been described as being immunological in nature, i.e., possessing memory and specificity. The generation of T cells with regulatory and effector function has also been reported during the course of this reaction. More recently it has been reported that the proliferative response observed is due to the exposure of T cells to xenoantigens used in separating T and non-T cells. We have found that the presence of antigens such as sheep erythrocytes and fetal calf serum is not required for the induction of proliferation in T cells by autologous non-T cells, although exposure to such antigens may augment [3H]thymidine incorporation. In certain individuals who are sensitized to these xenogeneic antigens, the proliferative response of their lymphocytes in the autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction is very greatly enhanced if exposed to xenoantigens. PMID- 6219125 TI - Natural killer (NK) and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) activities can be differentiated by their different sensitivities to interferon and prostaglandin E1. AB - Though purported to be identical cells (or in identical populations of cells), the natural killer (NK) cell mediating spontaneous natural cytotoxicity and the killer (K) cell mediating antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) may not be totally identical, at least in susceptibility to regulation by the immunomodulators prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) and interferon (IFN). We demonstrate here that NK cells are always enhanced by IFN, while K cells are inhibited from binding targets, resulting in fewer effectors at optimal concentrations of antibody. Only at 10- to 100-fold suboptimal concentrations of antibody is ADCC activity enhanced. As measured by magnitude of inhibition and dose-response titration, ADCC activity is less sensitive to the effects of PGE1 than is NK activity in the 51Cr release assay and single-cell assay. After overnight incubation with or without PGE1, whatever sensitivity ADCC activity had to PGE1 is lost. However, NK cells incubated in the presence of PGE1 overnight are still sensitive to inhibition. Indomethacin boosts NK activity without having any effect on ADCC activity. Finally, NK activity is substantially reduced by overnight incubation of cells at room temperature, which has no effect on K cells. PMID- 6219126 TI - Autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction in man. IV. Decreased autologous mixed lymphocyte culture response in patients with common variable immunodeficiency. AB - The autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction (AMLR) was studied in 18 patients with common variable immunodeficiency. The AMLR was decreased in 10 of 18 (55%) patients with common variable immunodeficiency compared to healthy controls. In allogeneic MLR, T cells from patients were found to be poor responders, and non-T cells poor stimulators, compared to allogeneic MLR between healthy normal controls. In allogeneic MLR, B cells (B cells + null cells) from patients were poor stimulators, whereas macrophages stimulated normally compared to controls. The deficient AMLR could be one of the mechanisms responsible for the increased risk of autoimmune phenomena in a subset of patients with primary immunodeficiency. PMID- 6219127 TI - Herniation of the lumbar disc in children and adolescents. AB - Of the hundreds of papers written on intervertebral lumbar disc herniation, very few have reported protruding lumbar intervertebral discs in children. Although surgical treatment of this problem in children has been well documented, we found no report of conservative treatment. This study concerns 23 patients under the age of 19 years who were treated for herniated lumbar intervertebral discs at the Alfred I. duPont Institute between 1963 and 1978. Thirteen patients were treated surgically and 10 were treated conservatively. The most common complaint in our patients was low back pain. We have found that, in the absence of neurological deficit, herniated lumbar discs in children and adolescents can be safely treated conservatively. PMID- 6219129 TI - The use of the MMPI in a chronic back pain rehabilitation program. AB - Assessed the usefulness of the MMPI in predicting treatment outcome for chronic low back pain patients. One hundred and thirty-two chronic low back pain patients who participated in a 6-week rehabilitation program were differentiated according to "successful" outcome. Outcome was defined in three major ways: Vocational restoration, significantly improved physical mobility, and patients' subjective evaluations of improved functional level. Pretreatment MMPIs of all outcome groups were compared. Data were analyzed by examining individual scale scores and code-types and by applying multiple regression analyses to the data. Results demonstrate that the MMPI can predict successful outcome. However, the strength of the relationship varies according to the outcome measure employed and the type of analysis completed on the data. It is concluded that, though an interesting research tool, at this time the MMPI is not a consistently valid clinical tool with the chronic back pain population in terms of predicting response to rehabilitation. PMID- 6219128 TI - Role of calmodulin in thyroid hormone stimulation in vitro of human erythrocyte Ca2+-ATPase activity. AB - Because human erythrocyte membrane Ca2+-ATPase is a calmodulin-dependent enzyme, and because physiological levels of thyroid hormone stimulate this enzyme system in vitro, we have studied the role of calmodulin in this model of extranuclear thyroid hormone action. Ca2+-ATPase activity in the absence of thyroid hormone ("basal activity") was increased by inclusion in the preassay incubation mixture of purified calmodulin or hypothyroid erythrocyte hemolysate that contained calmodulin (39 micrograms calmodulin/ml packed cells, determined by radioimmunoassay); addition of L-thyroxine or 3,5,3'-triiodo-L-thyronine (10( 10)M) significantly enhanced (P less than 0.001) enzyme activity in the presence of calmodulin or hemolysate. The stimulatory effects of thyroid hormone, calmodulin, and hemolysate were additive. At 5-10 microM, trifluoperazine, an antagonist of calmodulin, inhibited thyroid hormone stimulation of Ca2+-ATPase activity. Higher concentrations of trifluoperazine (50-100 microM) inhibited basal and hormone-stimulated enzyme activity, with or without added calmodulin. Anti-calmodulin antibody (10-50 micrograms antibody/mg membrane protein) inhibited basal, calmodulin-stimulated and thyroid hormone-stimulated Ca2+-ATPase activity. Membrane preparations were shown by radioimmunoassay to contain residual endogenous calmodulin (0.27 +/- 0.02 micrograms/mg membrane protein). The latter accounts for the effect of trifluoperazine and calmodulin antibody on membrane Ca2+-ATPase activity in the absence of added purified calmodulin. These results support the conclusion that the in vitro action of physiological levels of iodothyronines on human erythrocyte Ca2+-ATPase activity requires the presence of calmodulin. PMID- 6219130 TI - Identification of excessive back disability with the Faschingbauer Abbreviated MMPI. AB - Tested the accuracy of the MMPI and the FAM for predicting appropriate vs. inappropriate disability (illness behavior) in low back pain patients (N = 123). When the Hypochondriasis and Hysteria scales were used, both versions had a 79% hit rate for inappropriate disability and at least an 80% overall correct classification rate. The resulting brief screening measure included 52 items. PMID- 6219132 TI - Flare of cystic acne from oral isotretinoin. PMID- 6219133 TI - Topical clindamycin versus systemic tetracycline. PMID- 6219131 TI - Changes in the blood platelets of alcoholics during alcohol withdrawal. AB - The effects of alcohol withdrawal on platelet count and platelet function was studied sequentially in a group of alcoholics. Baseline values for platelet count, platelet adenine nucleotides and plasma beta-thromboglobulin (beta TG) level were within the normal range but platelet aggregability (especially with ADP and adrenaline) and circulating platelet aggregates were decreased for the group as a whole. After alcohol withdrawal there was a pronounced increase in all parameters measured which reached statistical significance in many cases and persisted for two to four weeks. The potential implications and possible mechanisms for these changes are discussed. PMID- 6219134 TI - Propionibacterium acnes resistance to antibiotics in acne patients. AB - The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of Propionibacterium acnes in seventy five acne patients receiving long-term antibiotic therapy demonstrated the emergence of resistant strains. The mean MIC in thirty-three patients receiving long-term tetracycline was four to five times higher than that found in control groups of acne patients not receiving antibiotic therapy and controls free of acne. The average MIC for erythromycin was more than 100 times higher in those receiving long-term antibiotic therapy. In a second group of sixty-two patients, the clinical course and number of P. acnes were correlated with the presence of "resistant strains" defined as P. acnes with a tenfold increase in MIC to tetracycline or erythromycin. Patients with resistant strains had higher counts of P. acnes and clinically were not doing as well as those with sensitive strains. PMID- 6219135 TI - Allergic contact dermatitis to 2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol in a hydrophilic ointment. AB - Seven patients are described who developed acute allergic contact dermatitis after using Eucerin cream on previously dermatitic skin for periods of time varying from 5 weeks to 2 years. Eucerin was preserved with 2-bromo-2 nitropropane-1,3-diol (BNPD) in 1978 to assist in controlling a problem with Pseudomonas aeruginosa contamination. All of our patients were BNPD and Eucerin patch test-positive. None of them was allergic to formaldehyde or to any other preservative known to be a formaldehyde donor. This was in contrast to other BNPD and other formaldehyde-releaser--sensitive patients we saw in 1979-1980, who often had positive patch test reactions throughout this group of preservatives. BNPD is difficult to patch test with because it is often an irritant, even in low concentrations. We discuss some patch test "lessons" which our experiences with these patients accentuated for us. PMID- 6219136 TI - T lymphocyte subsets in the skin lesions of patients with leprosy. AB - Lymphocyte subsets in the tissues of fourteen patients with leprosy were studied using monoclonal antibodies and a modified immunoperoxidase technic. Two immunohistologic patterns were observed. In tuberculoid leprosy, helper-inducer cells were present among the aggregates of mononuclear phagocytes (epithelioid cells), but the suppressor-cytotoxic cells were predominantly in the lymphocytic mantle surrounding the epithelioid cell aggregates. In reversal reaction and lepromatous tissues, the helper-inducer and the suppressor-cytotoxic cells were both distributed among the mononuclear phagocytes (histiocytes). In tuberculoid specimens the Langerhans cells of the epidermis were increased in number as compared to lepromatous and normal tissues. The technic used appears to be of value in studying some of the cellular components of the immune response in situ. PMID- 6219137 TI - Sustainable rates of sebum secretion in acne patients and matched normal control subjects. AB - Sustainable rates of sebum secretion were measured in twelve subjects with inflammatory acne and in twelve control subjects, matched in age and gender, who had no significant signs of acne. The measurements were made after first depleting the skin of an accumulation of previously secreted sebum by absorption into adherent layers of bentonite clay applied to the center of the forehead for 14 hours. Disks of fine Dacron mesh, embedded in fresh clay, were then applied to the forehead for 3 hours. The disks and adhering clay were then removed and extracted with ether to recover the collected lipids. The sebum recovered during the 3-hour period was measured by quantitative thin layer chromatography. The subjects with acne were found to have an average sustainable sebum secretion rate of 2.51 mg/10 cm2/3 hr, while the control group had an average of 0.81 mg/10 cm2/3 hr. Furthermore, all subjects with acne had secretion rates larger than those of their matched control subjects. The results indicate that a high sebum secretion rate is the decisive factor in inflammatory acne. PMID- 6219138 TI - Contact dermatitis caused by diphenhydramine hydrochloride. AB - Three cases of contact dermatitis caused by an ethanolamine antihistamine, diphenhydramine hydrochloride (Benadryl), are described. Patients who develop contact dermatitis from it should avoid its oral or parenteral administration because they may develop a localized or generalized flare of dermatitis. Dimenhydrinate (Dramamine), clemastine fumarate (Tavist), carbinoxamine maleate (Clistin-D), and doxylamine succinate (Decapryn) are also ethanolamine antihistamines. Since they may cross-react with diphenhydramine hydrochloride, they should be avoided in sensitive patients. PMID- 6219139 TI - Gram-negative bacterial toe web infection: successful treatment with a new third generation cephalosporin. AB - Fifteen patients with gram-negative bacterial toe web infections were treated for 1 week with intramuscular cefoperazone, a broad-spectrum third generation cephalosporin. Initial bacterial cultures in eleven patients (73%) grew more than one gram-negative organism. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the most frequent isolate. All bacteria isolated were sensitive to cefoperazone (Cefobid). Swelling, redness, and flow of exudate resolved within 1 week of antibiotic administration. By day 7 there was no evidence of inflammation, and denuded areas had begun to re epithelialize. Side effects were mild and did not require cessation of therapy. This antibiotic causes rapid resolution of a disease which previously required prolonged hospitalizations. PMID- 6219140 TI - Cytologic features of elastosis perforans serpiginosa (EPS) associated with Down's syndrome. PMID- 6219141 TI - Fixed drug eruption due to minocycline--report of one case. PMID- 6219142 TI - The delivery of dental care for elderly handicapped patients. PMID- 6219143 TI - The pacemaker patient in the dental surgery. PMID- 6219144 TI - Industrial contact dermatitis due to nitro and amino derivatives. 2nd report: experimental study of cross sensitivities of amino derivatives. PMID- 6219145 TI - Visual and tactual perception of syllable number in sentence stimuli. AB - The purpose of this study was to determine whether suprasegmental information could be perceived by artificially deafened subjects via the Multipoint Electrotactile Speech Aid (MESA) so as to enhance the visual perception of connected discourse. This study compared subjects' untrained ability to perceive the number of syllables in sentence stimuli in three conditions: Visual Alone (VA), Tactile Alone (TA), and Tactile plus Visual (TV). Five adults tapped the temporal pattern of stimuli using a telegraph key. Stimuli consisted of 1-, 3-, 5 , and 7-syllable meaningful sentences and 5- and 7-syllable (nonmeaningful) second-order sentences. The subjects perceived correctly a mean of 37% of the stimuli in the TA condition, and approximately 60% of the stimuli in the VA and TV conditions. Three possible explanations are offered to account for these results: (1) the limitations of the MESA's electrocutaneous transform of the speech signal, (2) the sensory limitations of the skin, and (3) the absence of extensive training. PMID- 6219146 TI - Psychopharmacology of suicide. PMID- 6219147 TI - Epidemiology of depressive disorders in the community. PMID- 6219148 TI - Dysregulation of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis function in depressed alcoholic patients. AB - Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis function was examined in 28 hospitalized, withdrawing alcoholic patients. Fourteen patients met DSM-III criteria for Major Depressive Disorder. Elevated 8 a.m. basal cortisols were noted in 7 depressed alcoholic patients (50%) and no non-depressed alcoholics (P less than 0.01). Escape from dexamethasone suppression was noted in 9 depressed alcoholics (64%) and no non-depressed alcoholics (P less than 0.005). The measurement of HPA axis function may be a useful marker for endogenous depression in an alcoholic population. PMID- 6219149 TI - Does lofepramine have fewer side effects than amitriptyline? Results of a comparative trial. AB - A double blind trial was carried out comparing the tricyclic antidepressant lofepramine with amitriptyline in the treatment of patients suffering from moderate to markedly severe depression. No difference was demonstrated between the two drugs in terms of their antidepressant effect, but patients treated with lofepramine suffered from significantly less side effects than patients treated with amitriptyline. Both groups of patients had a high drop out rate but this was less marked in the groups of patients treated with lofepramine. PMID- 6219150 TI - Subject-own-control design in evaluating clinical antidepressant effects. AB - This study tested the use of a subject-own-control, multiple crossover design for evaluating the clinical effects of an established tricyclic antidepressant drug, imipramine. Although significant physiological and cognitive performance effects were demonstrated, only one clinical measure, target symptom change rated by the patients, showed a statistically significant drug-placebo difference. This result is in considerable contrast to the sensitivity of similar designs in detecting the clinical effects of antianxiety drugs in studies employing less than 20 patients. Crossover designs appear to be most successful when the treated condition is continuous, rather than episodic, and the treatment effects have a rapid onset and offset. PMID- 6219151 TI - Physical illness in severe depressives and psychiatric alcoholics in Gothenburg, Sweden. AB - The entire middle-aged male urban population of a Swedish city, as defined by a census in November 1969, was assessed for any mental hospital hospitalization during a 3-year period (1978-1980), as well as for any general hospital hospitalization during a 10-year period (1970-1979) within the catchment area. Inpatients of the mental hospital population belonging to the cohort and put in the categories 'Psychiatric alcoholic spectrum' and 'Severe depression' were studied for diagnoses of physical illness during any general hospital hospitalization. The psychiatric alcoholic spectrum was associated positively with infections, injuries, alcohol intoxication, pancreatitis, liver cirrhosis, arthritis/rheumatic diseases and duodenal peptic ulcer; and negatively with malignant neoplasms, myocardial infarction, gallstone disease and urolithiasis. Severe depression was associated positively with infections, myocardial infarction, asthma and alcohol intoxication. A nosologic taxonomy, aimed at explaining the epidemiological associations recorded, is suggested. PMID- 6219152 TI - Dental care for the mentally ill. The need for establishing extramural programs. PMID- 6219153 TI - Chronic aortic regurgitation: prognostic value of left ventricular end-systolic dimension and end-diastolic radius/thickness ratio. AB - The prognostic value of preoperative echocardiographic data was assessed in 32 patients who underwent aortic valve replacement for chronic aortic regurgitation. All patients had preoperative studies and were followed up prospectively for 1 to 6 years after surgery. Postoperatively, 25 patients (Group A) achieved a normal left ventricular end-diastolic dimension and a significant regression of myocardial hypertrophy; 7 patients (Group B) had persistent left ventricular enlargement. During the follow-up period, the patients in Group A had fewer symptoms and used fewer medications than those in Group B. Moreover, survival at 4 years appeared to be better in Group A (96%) than in Group B (71%); two patients in Group B died with congestive heart failure; there were no such deaths in Group A. Preoperatively, a left ventricular dimension at end-diastole (DED) larger than 3.8 cm/m2 body surface area, a dimension at end-systole (DES) greater than 2.6 cm/m2 body surface area, an end-diastolic radius/wall thickness ratio (R/Th) greater than 3.8 or a product of R/Th and left ventricular systolic pressure (P X R/Th) exceeding 600 are predictive of a Group B result. If end systolic dimension is greater than 2.6 and P X R/Th is greater than 600, all Group B patients can be identified; all but one patient in Group A had an end systolic dimension less than 2.6 and P X R/Th less than 600. It is concluded that patients with chronic aortic regurgitation who are at risk of persistent postoperative left ventricular enlargement (with associated cardiac symptoms and reduced survival) can be identified by preoperative echocardiography. PMID- 6219154 TI - Dynamic vascular factors in the genesis of myocardial ischemia. AB - While fixed atherosclerotic and thrombotic lesions have long been known to cause myocardial ischemia and cardiac pain, the various transient or dynamic events that may also cause ischemia and pain have become better understood in the past 15 years. These can be classified into two broad categories: those that cause a dynamic reduction in the caliber of the coronary arteries and those that reduce the coronary vasodilatory reserve capacity. In the first group are myocardial compression or "bridging" of an artery; coronary vasoconstriction due to frank spasm or generalized arterial hypertonus, particularly at the site of atherosclerotic lesions; reduced arterial distending pressure and platelet aggregation which may transiently occlude a diseased arterial segment. The causes of inadequate coronary vascular reserve flow capacity can be either anatomic or functional. Among the former, the increased muscle mass to blood vessel ratio occurring in myocardial hypertrophy is most important. The functional causes of limited coronary vascular reserve include diastolic transmural compression and coronary "steal," both of hemodynamic origin. In addition, arteriolar "unresponsiveness" or dysregulation caused by smoking, drugs or other unknown conditions may adversely affect coronary vascular reserve. Hence, myocardial ischemia may result from conditions that limit potential for increase in flow or from conditions that reduce flow from a preexisting level. These conditions, which are transient and dynamic in nature, may modify the threshold for ischemia, particularly in patients with fixed coronary obstructive disease. PMID- 6219155 TI - Intraoperative angioplasty in the treatment of coronary artery disease. PMID- 6219156 TI - Anticholinergic and sympathomimetic combination therapy of asthma. AB - The role of the anticholinergic drug, ipratropium bromide, in maintenance antiasthmatic therapy was evaluated in a double-blind crossover trial of three bronchodilator regimens: (1) inhaled ipratropium, placebo, and oral oxtriphylline; (2) inhaled fenoterol, placebo, and oral oxtriphylline; and (3) both inhaled ipratropium and fenoterol plus oral oxtriphylline. Twenty-two asthmatics were treated with all three regimens, each for 1 mo, allocated in random sequence. On the first and last treatment days of each month, spirometric measurements were performed before and 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 6 hr after administration of the test drugs. On the first treatment day of each month, all regimens produced significant bronchodilatation at 30 min after dose, an improvement that declined between 3 and 6 hr after dose. After continuous administration for 1 mo the two combinations employing fenoterol showed a decline in bronchodilator responsiveness from the initial treatment day, measured as the level of response (V50) or duration of response (FEV1, VC). Ipratropium plus oxtriphylline showed no such decline, suggesting the development of tolerance to long-term administration of fenoterol. Overall benefit at the end of 1 mo, measured as the area under the curves of FEV1, VC, or V50 vs time after dose, was greatest for the triple drug regimen. There were no differences in heart rate, blood pressure response, or side effects among the three treatments. It is concluded that when the anticholinergic drug ipratropium is administered concurrently with an inhaled beta 2 agonist and an oral theophylline derivative, increased bronchodilatation occurs with no detectable additional side effects. PMID- 6219157 TI - Electron microscopic localization of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-hydrolyzing activity in isolated matrix vesicles and reconstituted vesicles from calf cartilage. AB - The presence and distribution of adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activity in isolated matrix vesicles and reconstituted vesicles from fetal calf epiphyseal growth plate cartilage was studied by electron microscopic cytochemical methods to determine whether phosphatase activity would be found concentrated on the inside or the outside of matrix vesicle membranes or on both sides, and whether reconstitution of vesicles from deoxycholate-solubilized substituents would lead to the reassembly of membranes with ATPase incorporated. ATPase activity was observed on both the outer and inner surfaces of the investing membranes of isolated matrix vesicles and reconstituted vesicles. A transmembrane location of ATPase could indicate phosphate transfer across the vesicle membrane. Orthophosphate released by phosphatase activity within the protected microenvironment of the matrix vesicle could combine with membrane- or lipid bound calcium, known to be present in vesicles, to form the first hydroxyapatite mineral during calcification. PMID- 6219158 TI - Biliary bilirubin in rats and exposure to metals. AB - After cannulation the bile duct of unexposed rats, changes in bilirubin concentration in the samples of bile collected were observed. During the first hour after the cannulation the bilirubin concentration decreased remaining constant until about the 3.-4. hour and then continuously increased upto the 24. hour when the experiment ended. The final concentration was about 4 fold higher than between the 1.-4. hour after the cannulation. This could explain a large variation in values reported by various authors. This fact significantly complicated the studies on effect of exposure to heavy metal salts on changes of bilirubin concentration in bile and relationship among bilirubin concentrations in the bile fractions 1, 2 and 3. In the bile of unexposed rats comparable bilirubin concentrations were found in the bile fractions 1 and 2. The preliminary experiment with HgCl2 application to rats revealed that in the fraction 3 might be a higher bilirubin concentration than in the fractions 1 and 2, the latter ones being lower than in the bile of unexposed rats. The hypothesis was suggested that the bile fraction 3 was composed from yellow pigments liberated from compounds forming the fractions 1 and 2 with additional amount of pigments originated during disturbed protoporphyrin biosynthesis of their degradation by the metals. PMID- 6219159 TI - Long-term antibiotic susceptibility pattern of strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolated in Czechoslovakia in the years 1957-1982. AB - Over the past 25 years a total of 7492 strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae have been isolated in Czechoslovakia, mainly in Prague (64%). All these strains have been tested for susceptibility to the following antibiotics: penicillin G, ampicillin, tetracycline, spectinomycin, erythromycin, doxycycline, kanamycin, rifampin, chloramphenicol, gentamicin, cephalothin, cephaloridine, lincomycin and clindamycin. In addition, seven derivatives of newer antibiotics of penicillin and cephalosporin series were tested in 1981. The study showed that in 1957 the MIC of 0.03 units of penicillin per ml was effective against 95% of strains, but in 1981 only 37% of isolates were sensitive to this concentration. The first gonococcal strains with the MIC value of 4.0 units/ml to penicillin were detected in 1981. This tendency towards decreased gonococcal susceptibility to benzylpenicillin is alarming. Over the last eight years there have been described sporadic isolations of strains relatively resistant to tetracycline (MIC = 8.0 mg/l). The susceptibility to spectinomycin has been tested in over 4000 gonococcal strains, since 1967. The test showed that this antibiotic remained highly effective against the gonococcal infection with over 95% of gonococci with the MIC value of 16.0 mg/l. No fully spectinomycin resistant strains have been found. Penicillin G as well as spectinomycin and cefotaxim are still considered the antibiotics of the first choice in the treatment of gonorrhoea. The alternative antibiotics may include cefuroxim, chloramphenicol and, in cases of sensitive strains, tetracyclines. PMID- 6219160 TI - Detection of helper and suppressor T cell lines to soluble antigens using a modified ELISA system. AB - Helper and suppressor activity of T cell lines were investigated using an assay system which is based on measurement by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) of the antibody produced in vitro. T cell lines were established from spleens of BALB/c mice immunized with ovalbumin and human serum albumin. The T cells were expanded in culture with irradiated spleen cells and antigen or concanavalin A supernatant. The culture system used for assay of T cell activities contained antigen (Ag)-primed unfractionated spleen cells or Ag-primed B cells. Ag-primed cells and cultured T cells were incubated together with Ag (0.05 ng/ml-100 micrograms/ml) for various times, washed at varying intervals, and supernatants assayed for specific antibody activity by an ELISA adapted for this purpose. A total incubation time of 9 days was required for significant antibody production. Complete reconstitution of the antibody response was observed with Ag-primed B cells and Ag-primed T cells were combined. In one experiment, a helper cell line was shown to restore specific antibody production to approximately 50% of the normal response while a suppressor cell line suppressed antibody production by 90%. A linear response of between 0.2 and 1.4 OD units was observed in the ELISA allowing easy detection of help or suppression. As little as 80 ng of specific antibody could be detected. This technique allows quantitative determination of antibody production for a large number of individual microcultures. PMID- 6219161 TI - A comparative assessment of dental health in physically and mentally handicapped individuals. PMID- 6219162 TI - [Laparoscopy/laparotomy evaluation of artificial donor insemination failures]. PMID- 6219163 TI - Genetic control of cell-mediated immunity in the rat. II. Sharing of either the RT1.A or RT1.B locus is sufficient for transfer of antimicrobial resistance. AB - The MHC restriction criteria for T cells activating macrophages in vivo and mediating antimicrobial resistance to Listeria monocytogenes were determined. Antimicrobial resistance could be transferred by T cells in order of decreasing efficiency from syngeneic, RT1.A compatible, RT1.B compatible and RT1 incompatible donors. Alloreactive T cells responding to either A locus or B locus encoded antigens in a graft-versus-host reaction were also able to activate macrophages. Approximately five times as many MLC-reactive precursors responded to B locus alloantigens as to A locus alloantigens, but A-restricted Listeria specific T cells were considerably more numerous (or more efficient) in Listeria infected hosts than were B-restricted, Listeria-specific T cells. This was unexpected, since A-restricted, Listeria-specific T cells failed to transfer delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) to soluble bacterial antigens. PMID- 6219164 TI - A clinical comparison of three tooth-colored restorative resins. PMID- 6219165 TI - [Left renal vein thrombosis with exception diagnostic circumstances. Success of an unusual surgical treatment]. AB - The presentation of cystitis associated with lumbago in a young woman lead to the discovery on IVU of left pyelitic irregularities. Ultrasound demonstrated a non homogeneous lateral pyelitic mass. Because we suspected a vascular aetiology, we performed arteriography: arteries were normal, the renal vein was not visualized, but opacities caused by peripyelitic varices being drained by a much dilated lumbo-ovarian vein which gave a normal intramyometrial phlebographic picture, were seen. Selective catheterization of the renal vein was not possible to perform. Was this then a case of agenesis or thrombosis? Tomography didn't help decide. The persistence of severe pain contraindicated lumbotomy, and the presence of a wide but flat and impermeable renal vein. A complete denervation of the kidney was carried out. The normal artery and the ovarian vein were preserved intact. The follow-up was straight forward-routine IVU was normal. The pains disappeared. PMID- 6219167 TI - Immunologic studies of poisonous Anacardiaceae: oral desensitization to poison ivy and oak urushiols in guinea pigs. AB - Poison ivy and oak urushiols or their components were compared with the respective esterified derivatives for efficacy in oral desensitization of Hartley guinea pigs sensitized to urushiols. The esterified derivatives produced a significantly greater degree of hyposensitization than did free urushiol counterparts. Suppression produced by esterified urushiols was of longer duration than that produced by free urushiols. Groups of sensitized guinea pigs were given high (100 mg/kg) or low (10 mg/kg) doses of a mixture of acetylated, saturated urushiol congeners over a 1-, 2-, or 3-week period. High doses produced a greater degree of hyposensitization regardless of the dosage schedule used. Low doses did not produce significant hyposensitization unless given over a shorter (1 week) schedule. Large single booster doses (33 mg/kg/week) of the acetate derivatives produced a rebound in responsiveness when given, 2 weeks following the last dose of the initial series, to animals hyposensitized with 10 mg/kg. No such rebound in sensitivity occurred in animals given a series of high initial doses. PMID- 6219166 TI - Immunoregulation in atopic dermatitis: functional analysis of T-B cell interactions and the enumeration of Fc receptor-bearing T cells. AB - Immune aberrations in atopic dermatitis (AD) are multiple and interrelated. We investigated immunoregulatory cell markers and functional interactions of purified T- and B-enriched cells in a pokeweed mitogen (PWM)-stimulated IgG production assay in patients with AD. Atopic mononuclear leukocytes and autologous recombinations of purified atopic T and B cells were hyporesponsive to PWM stimulation of IgG synthesis. When atopic B cells were cultured with normal T cells, they were still less responsive than normal B cells. Atopic T cells generated normal levels of suppression in three responder systems. Radioresistant T-cell help was also in the normal range whereas nonirradiated AD T cells produced slightly less help than normal T cells. We noted reduced levels of T lymphocytes with FcIgG receptors (T gamma) and found that T gamma reduction correlated inversely with log serum IgE. In the light of normal T suppression, we critically examined AD cell adherence and contamination at various steps in the T gamma assay to rule out technical causes of T gamma reduction in AD. Lowered T gamma cells in AD were not associated with circulating IgG immune complexes and subsequent blockade of the FcIgG receptors. Thus, we have identified defects in the numbers of an immunoregulatory T cell, and in the generation of PWM responsive B cells. A model is proposed in which the alterations in atopic cyclic nucleotide metabolism of T-cell helpers could result in abnormalities of immunoregulatory T cells and PWM-recruitable B cells. PMID- 6219168 TI - Differentiation of neisseriaceae by isoenzyme electrophoresis. AB - Analysis of 71 strains of Neisseriaceae by starch-gel electrophoresis of hexokinase, phosphoglucomutase, glucose phosphate isomerase, and L-malate nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidoreductase showed that all gonococci and all memingococci have a characteristic hexokinase isoenzyme that is specific for each species and clearly distinguishes meningococci and gonococci from each other and from other species of Neisseriaceae. Strains of gonococci that were transformed into maltose utilizers by DNA from Neisseria lactamica and Neisseria meningitidis showed no change in the isoenzymes so that they could still be differentiated from meningococci and other Neisseriaceae by isoenzyme electrophoresis. In view of the limited sensitivity and specificity of conventional tests for the identification of gonococci and the possibility that gonococci may be transformed into maltose utilizers by DNA from normal throat flora, electrophoresis of hexokinase isoenzymes should be useful for the precise laboratory identification of the pathogenic neisseriae, especially those from atypical sites and those giving indeterminate reactions. PMID- 6219169 TI - Isotretinoin (Accutane). PMID- 6219170 TI - Influence of hypertension on the progression of experimental autologous immune complex nephritis. AB - In order to determine the influence of hypertension on the progression of chronic glomerulonephritis, we studied the renal lesions in Heymann nephritis (autologous immune complex nephritis) produced in SHR. Nephritic SHR treated by AHD, normal SHR, nephritic WKYR, and normal WKYR served as controls. Induction of Heymann nephritis did not alter the blood pressure in either SHR or WKYR as compared with each untreated control group. Administration of AHD normalized the blood pressure of SHR. Proteinuria, hypoproteinemia, hypercholesterolemia, and reduction in body weight were significantly greater in nephritic SHR than in nephritic SHR treated by AHD or nephritic WKYR, whereas BUN and serum creatinine were unchanged in all the nephritic rats. Histological findings such as glomerular basement membrane thickening, IgG and C3 deposits along capillary walls, and subepithelial electron dense deposits were similar in all nephritic groups. Glomerular sclerosis and tubulointerstitial changes were more marked in nephritic SHR than in the other nephritic groups. Severe vascular thickening and necrosis, intravascular thrombosis, and perivascular cell infiltration were frequently observed in nephritic SHR. These lesions are characteristic of malignant hypertension. However, they were not found in control SHR, which maintained elevation of blood pressure equivalent to that of nephritic SHR throughout the study. It was concluded that hypertension may aggravate nephritic manifestations such as proteinuria, hypoproteinemia, and hypercholesterolemia but not excretory renal function and that the hypertensive vascular lesions are augmented by Heymann nephritis. PMID- 6219171 TI - Prednisone-induced alterations of circulating human lymphocyte subsets. AB - Peripheral lymphopenia occurs in man after administration of glucocorticoids. By using subset-specific monoclonal antibodies, the number of peripheral T cells (OKT11+) and the number of cells in the helper-inducer (OKT4+) and suppressor cytotoxic (OKT8+) subsets were determined in four healthy subjects before and after ingestion of 20 mg of prednisone. In all subjects, the number of circulating T cells declined. The mean ratio of OKT4+ to OKT8+ cells dropped from 2.3 to 1.6 at 4 hr after prednisone ingestion and returned to baseline at 24 hr. The changed ratio was due to a disproportionate decrease in OKT4+ cells. A smaller decrease in the absolute number of circulating OKT8+ cells occurred, but the proportion of OKT8+ cells did not change. There was a direct relationship between prednisone dose and the reduction in circulating OKT4+ cells in the one subject who took four different doses of prednisone; there was a lymphopenic effect at the 5 mg dose. In vitro exposure of lymphocytes to methylprednisolone did not result in significant lympholysis or in alteration of the relative numbers of cells in the OKT4+ and OKT8+ subsets. The lymphopenia produced by prednisone in a splenectomized healthy subject was indistinguishable from that observed in nonsplenectomized subjects. The number of circulating B cells was unaffected by 20 mg of prednisone. These studies demonstrate that prednisone induced lymphopenia involves the OKT4+ subset to a greater degree than the OKT8+ subset. The effect could not be accounted for by lympholysis or by redistribution of lymphocytes to the spleen. PMID- 6219172 TI - Two decades of transluminal angioplasty. An overview. PMID- 6219173 TI - [Angioplasty of the arteries of the extremities. Early and mid-term results (up to 3 years) in 492 cases]. AB - Results of iliac, femoral and/or iliac artery percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (P.T.A.) in 492 cases are presented, and the latest technical improvements in the procedure reviewed. Short and medium-term results in iliac artery stenoses were excellent (98 and 96% respectively), obstructions in this region not being treated. The advantage of P.T.A. over surgery is the lack of exposure of patients to the risk of circulatory insufficiency. Very good results were obtained in stenosis of the distal femoral artery, the method being much less effective in cases of long thrombosis. The essential indications are all types of stenosis of limb arteries, while contraindications can be summarized as iliac artery obstructions (because of possible severe retroperitoneal hematomas) and massive atheromatous calcifications. Aortic and graft stenoses are particular indications. Complications are mainly hematomas and thromboses, but these can be reduced in incidence by increasing experience of radiologists in the use of P.T.A. and by improved selection of patients. Progress will also depend on improved control of anticoagulant and thrombolytic treatments. The question is raised as to the need to treat early claudication due to femoral artery stenosis following detection by the Doppler effect test. The essential argument in favor of P.T.A. is the simplicity and safety of the method to the compared reconstructive surgery, a method involving too high a risk. PMID- 6219174 TI - [Intraluminal angioplasty in the treatment of femoro-popliteal atheromatous lesions. Apropos of 57 cases]. AB - Close cooperation between radiologist and surgeon is essential to prevent major complications of intra-luminal angioplasty, an only mildly aggressive revascularization procedure. Though evolution of an arteritis of the lower limbs can be halted by relief of the stenosis in some cases, the problem remains as to whether this technique is justified at the stage of claudication, even severe. The wider indications for dilatation at the iliac in relation to the femoropopliteal levels in this most recent series reported, testify this tendency. PMID- 6219175 TI - [Treatment of renal artery stenosis by percutaneous intraluminal angioplasty]. AB - New therapeutic possibilities can be considered by the introduction of techniques for dilatation of arterial stenoses. Percutaneous intraluminal angioplasty of a stenosed renal artery is a simple procedure carrying few risks, and arterial permeability can be achieved in 90% cases. Recovery or improved control of hypertension can be obtained in the majority of cases, and renal parenchyma vascularization maintained. Though evaluation of long-term results is not yet possible, P.T.A. appears to be a very seductive therapeutic method. PMID- 6219176 TI - [Transluminal coronary dilatation by the percutaneous route]. PMID- 6219177 TI - [The place of balanced treatment in the framework of percutaneous intraluminal angioplasty (lower limbs)]. AB - Complications due to intraluminal angioplasty result from the poor choice of the indication for the procedure or from technical accidents, or more usually from both. The thromboses and arterial perforations observed are nearly always treated by surgery, but are still scarce events, and the incidence of all complications is still much lower than after reconstructive surgery. Though a valid procedure, intraluminal angioplasty requires the collaboration, if not the presence, of a vascular surgeon for any emergency that might arise. This is probably the reason why publications place little emphasis on complementary associated medical treatment: mainly preventive therapy particularly of thromboses. A reasonable attitude should be adopted between symbolic and illusory treatments (anti aggregants or compounds suggested as being so) and aggressive inherently dangerous therapy (uncontrolled empirical administration of Heparin). Lack of personal experience and the paucity of well-documented data restricts more detailed comments and limits remarks to suggestions for avoiding, firstly, the complications. . . of medical treatments. PMID- 6219178 TI - [The place of intraluminal angioplasty in a vascular surgery department]. AB - The advent and rapid strides made in the use of percutaneous intraluminal angioplasty (P.I.A.) in the treatment of chronic obliterating arteriopathies of the lower limbs have provoked a great deal of discussion. The exact place of this technique among the various therapies available is assessed in a different manner by radiologists, angiologists, and vascular surgeons. This report attempts to supply answers to two questions posed by certain authors in a more or less implicit manner: what is the importance of P.I.A. in relation to other therapeutic methods, and does P.I.A. have a marked diminishing effect on the need for surgery? PMID- 6219179 TI - [Intraluminal angioplasty. The viewpoint of the cardiovascular surgeon]. AB - Transluminal angioplasty has currently acquired a freedom of a city in which the indications still remain to be defined. It is important to control results, to keep in mind the general context of the vascular disease, and to consider that transluminal dilatation is a technique of arterial reconstruction to which the same general principles as for other reconstructive therapies should be applied, particularly in atheromatous disease. PMID- 6219180 TI - Chiropractic biomechanical evaluations: validity in myofascial low back pain. AB - In this study, 58 subjects with myofascial low back pain and 26 asymptomatic controls were evaluated according to a protocol of biomechanical analysis involving the plumbline, lateral bending dynamic roentgenograms, sacro-iliac motion palpation, lumbar motion palpation and straight-leg-raising. The outcomes of each test were blinded as to group assignment and the data was assessed statistically to derive each test's independent scores of sensitivity, specificity, predictive value and accuracy. It was observed that plumbline analysis and lateral bending dynamic roentgenograms produced the most accurate prediction of correct diagnoses. Sacro-iliac and lumbar motion palpation were nearly equivalent in predicting which cases were not symptomatic. PMID- 6219181 TI - A review of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) with low back pain patients. AB - The article reviews the general construction of th Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) scale and the clinical interpretations of the individual subscales. Issues related to the use of the MMPI with low back pain patients are examined. Particular emphasis is paid to the diagnosis of functional versus organic pain and prediction of successful treatment. Overall, the research indicates that patients with high Hypochondriasis (Hs) and Hysteria, (Hy) scores are more likely to emit pain behaviors, complain about their suffering and be concerned with their health. The literature suggests that a simple functional/organic dichotomy does not take into consideration the complexities of the pain experience. The MMPI has significant value in predicting successful response to medical treatment. Scores on the Hypochondriasis (Hs) and Hysteria (Hy) scales appears to be particularly useful. The article concludes with some suggestions for chiropractic research using the MMPI. PMID- 6219182 TI - Treatment of cystic acne with 13 cis retinoic acid. PMID- 6219183 TI - Influence of streptozotocin-induced diabetes in pregnant rats on plasma corticosterone and progesterone levels and on cytoplasmic glucocorticoid receptors in fetal tissues. AB - Administration of a dose of 45 mg streptozotocin/kg on day 2 of gestation produced a diabetic state in pregnant rats and was associated with fetal hyperinsulinaemia. Although there was no evidence of fetal macrosomia, the ratio of fetal liver and lung weight to body weight was greater in fetuses of diabetic rats, suggesting an increase in the size of these organs relative to the body weight. Maternal and fetal plasma corticosterone levels of diabetic rats between 19 and 22 days of gestation was significantly lower than the corresponding control values. Maternal plasma progesterone levels of diabetic rats were lower than controls on days 19 and 20 of gestation, but higher than controls on day 21 of gestation. The absence of pregnancy-related changes in maternal and fetal plasma corticosterone levels and maternal progesterone levels in diabetic rats suggest that adrenocortical function as well as ovarian and/or placental function may be impaired, which may in turn be related to the observed delay in parturition of approximately 18 h as well as to the low survival rate of the pups. There was a small increase in the cytoplasmic glucocorticoid receptor concentration in the lung but not in the liver of fetuses of diabetic mothers when compared with fetuses of controls, suggesting that the increased receptor concentration may be a compensatory mechanism to overcome the effect of decreased corticosterone levels and increased insulin levels in the fetuses of diabetic rats. PMID- 6219184 TI - Pictorial similarity judgments and the organization of visual memory in the rhesus monkey. AB - The organization of visual memory for pictures was studied in the rhesus monkey. Two monkeys were tested in a same/different task in which sequentially presented pictures were compared to each other in a pair-wise fashion. The resulting confusion matrixes were analyzed using a multidimensional scaling procedure to obtain two- and three-dimensional graphic representations of the stimulus space. In Experiment 1, the monkeys' confusion errors caused pictures of human and rhesus monkey faces to fall in the same region of multidimensional space, which suggested that the monkeys categorized facial stimuli. A similar effect was found for pictures of different types of fruit. Experiment 2 replicated the categorization of faces with a more diverse collection of human and nonhuman primate faces. Experiment 3 explored the fruit category by varying stimulus attributes orthogonally. The results from this experiment showed that both monkeys encoded the pictures in this category by type of fruit (apples or grapes) and color (red or yellow). Taken together, these studies indicate that rhesus monkeys will treat some classes of pictorial stimuli categorically in visual memory. PMID- 6219185 TI - Differences in judgments of learning difficulty. AB - Academically successful and less successful fifth graders were asked to make judgments about the ease of understanding and remembering various sentences and were given the opportunity to attempt to remember some of them before being asked to judge new sets of sentences. The results of the first experiment indicate that, at the beginning of the experiment, the successful students were much more likely than their less successful peers to realize that sentences expressing arbitrary relationships were more difficult to remember. These differences became even greater after students were given the opportunity to attempt to remember some of the sentences they had judged initially. The memory performance of the successful students also improved as they became more familiar with the experimental task, but the performance of the less successful students did not. The results of the second experiment showed that less successful students who had received appropriate training were able to use information about the arbitrariness of relationships as the basis for their judgments of learning difficulty. The training also facilitated their ability to remember. Implications of these findings are discussed. PMID- 6219186 TI - Moon illusion and spiral aftereffect: illusions due to the loom-zoom system? AB - The moon illusion and the spiral aftereffect are illusions in which apparent size and apparent distance vary inversely. Because this relationship is exactly opposite to that predicted by the static size--distance invariance hypothesis, the illusions have been called "paradoxical." The illusions may be understood as products of a loom-zoom system, a hypothetical visual subsystem that, in its normal operation, acts according to its structural constraint, the constancy axiom, to produce perceptions that satisfy the constraints of stimulation, the kinetic size--distance invariance hypothesis. When stimulated by its characteristic stimulus of symmetrical expansion or contraction, the loom-zoom system produces the perception of a rigid object moving in depth. If this system is stimulated by a rotating spiral, a negative motion-aftereffect is produced when rotation ceases. If fixation is then shifted to a fixed-sized disc, the aftereffect process alters perceived distance and the loom-zoom system alters perceived size such that the disc appears to expand and approach or to contract and recede, depending on the direction of rotation of the spiral. If the loom zoom system is stimulated by a moon-terrain configuration, the equidistance tendency produces a foreshortened perceived distance for the moon as an inverse function of elevation and acts in conjunction with the loom-zoom system to produce the increased perceived size of the moon. PMID- 6219187 TI - Reversible soft tissue calcification in acute renal failure--2 case reports. PMID- 6219188 TI - Insulin-induced hypoglycaemia does not abolish chorea. PMID- 6219189 TI - The blood-brain barrier following experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage. Part 2: Response to mercuric chloride infusion. AB - Under controlled physiological conditions, fresh blood was injected into the cisterna magna of 10 adult cats to produce subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Damage to the blood-brain barrier (BBB) was induced 30 minutes after SAH by the intracarotid injection of a 6 x 10(-5)M solution of mercuric chloride (HgCl2). A control series of five cats received the same injection of HgCl2. Intravenously injected Evans blue dye was used to indicate areas of BBB damage. The lesions were confirmed by fluorescence microscopy. All control animals showed BBB damage in the hemisphere injected with HgCl2. Of the animals in the test group with SAH, 90% were free from lesions. When lesions were present, the distribution differed from that in the control group. These results bear a similarity to the reported absence of HgCl2 lesions during the acute stages after total cerebral ischemia. This suggests that the cellular components of the BBB participate in a general metabolic inhibition following SAH. PMID- 6219190 TI - A new method for measuring cerebrospinal fluid flow in shunts. AB - An implantable device for measurement of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow in a ventriculoperitoneal shunt tube has been developed. The unit is energized by an extracorporeal high-frequency generator (200 KHz), and electrolysis creates bubbles in the shunt tube. Velocity of bubble flow is detected by a pair of ultrasonic Doppler probes placed a certain distance apart on the skin surface and in parallel with the implanted tube. The CSF flow rate is calculated taking into account velocity and tube diameter, and is expressed in ml/min. The unit consists of a coil with a capacitor, a silicon diode to rectify the high frequency, and a Zener diode to regulate maximum output voltage of 20 V. The output is fed to a pair of platinum electrodes placed inside the unit's tunnel through which the CSF flows. These components are molded in epoxy resin and coated with medical-grade silicone rubber. In animal experiments, CSF flow rates ranging from 0.033 to 1.0 ml/min could be measured by this flowmeter. Clinically, CSF flow has been measured to date in several cases. In two cases of communicating hydrocephalus occurring after the onset of cerebrovascular disease, and in which the CSF flow was continuously monitored for 24 hours, the flow rate ranged between 0.05 and 0.78 ml/min. The CSF flow rate fluctuates in a 24-hour period, increasing in the morning, especially between 12 midnight and 6 a.m., which suggests a circadian rhythm. PMID- 6219191 TI - Effect of hypophysectomy and hormonal replacement on the uptake of Tc-99m methylene diphosphonate in the metaphysis and shaft of the rat femur: concise communication. AB - We have investigated the uptake of Tc-99m methylene diphosphonate (Tc-MDP) in the metaphysis and shaft of the rat femur as affected by hypophysectomy and hormonal replacement with growth hormone and thyroxine. Two hours following injection of Tc-MDP, the metaphysis and a specimen of shaft were obtained and the metaphysis to-shaft radioactivity ratio was measured. By five days after hypophysectomy the metaphysis-to-shaft ratio fell from a control value of 3.8 +/- 0.2 (mean +/- s.e.) to 2.4 +/- 0.2 (p less than 0.05) and remained significantly decreased throughout the 30-day study. When daily hormonal replacement with 0.5 mg of bovine growth hormone and 10 micrograms of thyroxine (both administered intraperitoneally) was given, beginning on the eighth day after hypophysectomy, the metaphysis-to-shaft ratio of Tc-MDP returned to control levels in twelve days. This model demonstrates the effect of growth hormone and thyroxine on the distribution of Tc-MDP, and may be useful as a radiobioassay of net circulating skeletal growth-promoting activity. PMID- 6219192 TI - Soft-tissue uptake of Tc-99m MDP in secondary scrotal lymphedema. PMID- 6219194 TI - Incisal angle adhesive resins: a 5-year clinical survey of two materials. AB - Two hundred and seventy-eight restoration examinations were made of Concise and Nuva-fil resins used to restore fractured incisors, over periods of up to 5 years. Following the placement of wide bevels along the fracture margins, retention was achieved by using acid-etching with bonding resins and by pins in some instances. Although the short-term results were usually reasonable, provided that the materials had been placed and finished correctly, longer-term findings revealed problems of resin darkening and corrosion staining of dentine from exposed pins. The Nuva-Fil restorations were generally superior to the Concise restorations. PMID- 6219193 TI - The importance of the quality of the method in endocrinological diagnosis. PMID- 6219195 TI - [The roles of cartilage-derived factor (CDF) and bone-derived growth factor (BDGF) on skeletal growth]. PMID- 6219196 TI - Plasma free testosterone in the diagnosis of adolescent polycystic ovary syndrome. AB - We have employed plasma free testosterone concentrations to diagnose polycystic ovary syndrome in adolescence after demonstrating that mature plasma free androgen levels are achieved by midpuberty. Among 43 female volunteers, 10 to 16 years of age, followed up in a mixed longitudinal-cross-sectional study, we found that three (7%) had elevated plasma free testosterone levels in the absence of symptoms or signs of hyperandrogenemia. Of two who were followed up, the abnormality resolved on completion of sexual maturation in one, and in the other polycystic ovary syndrome was subsequently diagnosed. We diagnosed this syndrome in 14 adolescents as the basis of menstrual disorders associated with hirsutism, acne, or obesity. The diagnosis was based on finding elevated free testosterone values, which did not decrease after adrenal suppression by dexamethasone. Serum concentrations of luteinizing hormone were elevated in most but not all. In some of these patients further confirmation of polycystic ovary syndrome was obtained by laparoscopy or ultrasound examination. These studies demonstrate that measurement of plasma free testosterone before and after administration of dexamethasone appears to be the most sensitive single method for detecting polycystic ovary syndrome. PMID- 6219197 TI - Enzyme variation among clones of Trypanosoma cruzi. AB - The genetic relationships within and between stocks of Trypanosoma cruzi were studied by the in vitro isolation of clones and sub-clones and by the comparison of their isoenzyme patterns in thin-layer starch-gel electrophoresis. Altogether 13 clones and 36 sub-clones were isolated from stocks CL89 and Y207 of T. cruzi. Employing the enzymes L-alanine aminotransferase (ALAT), L-aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT), glucose phosphate isomerase (GPI), malic enzyme (ME), malate dehydrogenase (MDH), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), 6 phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGD), and phosphoglucomutase (PGM), two zymodemes, B and C, emerged among the clones with distinct banding patterns. These zymodemes were consistently distinguished by ALAT, ASAT, GPI, G6PD, 6PGD, and PGM and the differences in enzyme profiles were simultaneously reflected in all six enzyme systems. That the enzymic characters as genetic determinants are stable was demonstrated after recloning and successive replica-platings, i.e., the distinct enzyme patterns remained consistent and homogeneous, the siblings retained the enzyme profiles of their parental clones, and no segregation of the enzyme patterns was observed. Our data from clone and sub-clone examinations show that the isoenzymes act as labels to characterize T. cruzi stocks. Furthermore, enzyme variation was demonstrated among clones isolated from stock CL89. PMID- 6219198 TI - Use of inferior rectus myocutaneous flap for coverage of bladder exstrophy defect. PMID- 6219199 TI - Postoperative neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis. PMID- 6219200 TI - The caries experience in three genotypes of Down's syndrome. PMID- 6219201 TI - Tetracycline treatment of periodontal disease in the beagle dog. PMID- 6219202 TI - Direct histological comparison of periodontal wound healing in the beagle dog with and without citric acid conditioning. PMID- 6219203 TI - Immunological and metabolical studies in two siblings with Papillon-Lefevre syndrome. PMID- 6219204 TI - Polyclonal B-cell activating capacities of gram-positive bacteria frequently isolated from periodontally diseased sites. PMID- 6219205 TI - Microscopical evaluation of the microflora in relation to necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis in the beagle dog. PMID- 6219206 TI - Classification and identification of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans and haemophilus aphrophilus by cluster analysis and deoxyribonucleic acid hybridizations. PMID- 6219207 TI - Aminopeptidase activity of Capnocytophaga. PMID- 6219208 TI - Neutrophil chemiluminescence in response to Fusobacterium nucleatum. PMID- 6219209 TI - An in vitro study of neutrophils obtained from the normal gingival sulcus. PMID- 6219210 TI - Mucopolysaccharide localization in gingival epithelium. PMID- 6219211 TI - Loss of connective tissue attachment in the marginal periodontium of the mouse following blockage of eruption. PMID- 6219212 TI - Specific progesterone receptors in rabbit gingiva. PMID- 6219213 TI - Cell turnover in the periodontal ligament determined by continuous infusion of H3 thymidine using osmotic minipumps. PMID- 6219214 TI - Inhibition of post-extraction alveolar ridge resorption in rats by dichloromethane diphosphonate. PMID- 6219215 TI - Interaction of humic acid and Am(III) in aqueous solution. PMID- 6219216 TI - The carcinogenic effects of fetal and postnatal radiation in female mice. PMID- 6219217 TI - Early skin shrinkage in mice after single and multifractionated gamma-ray exposures. PMID- 6219218 TI - Repair and repopulation in mouse skin during multifractionated irradiation. PMID- 6219219 TI - The effect of macrophages on the metabolism of glomerular cells: preliminary studies. AB - Human glomerular epithelial and mesangial cells were grown in vitro and shown to have distinctive morphologic and functional characteristics. Glomerular epithelial cells or mesangial cells cultured in wells of flat-bottom microtiter plates were treated for 4 hr with dialyzed macrophage supernatants obtained from cultures of mouse peritoneal macrophages or human peripheral monocytes. DNA, RNA, and protein synthesis were evaluated by incorporation of radioactive precursors. Macrophage supernatants stimulated RNA and protein synthesis in epithelial cells but failed to stimulate DNA synthesis. The macrophage factor(s) showed a dose response activity, was nondialyzable, was destroyed by freezing and thawing, and did not seem to be species specific. In contrast to the results obtained with glomerular epithelial cells, mesangial cell DNA synthesis was stimulated by macrophage supernatants. The observed metabolic effects of macrophage products on glomerular cells in vitro are consistent with observations of in vivo glomerular response to injury in which epithelial cells may be activated to form new basement membrane while mesangial cells may respond by proliferating. These data further support the theory of macrophage involvement in the pathology of glomerulonephritis. PMID- 6219220 TI - Evaluation of T cell subsets with monoclonal antibodies in synovial fluid in rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Monoclonal antibodies that react with all T cells (OKT3), the inducer-helper T cell subset (OKT4), and the suppressor-cytotoxic T cell subset (OKT8) have been used to evaluate T cell and T cell subpopulations in synovial fluid (SF) from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We found that the immunoregulatory ratio of SF lymphocytes ranged from normal values to extremely low values indicating normal to excess numbers of OKT8+ cells. The rheumatoid synovium in patients with RA is characterized by the presence of lymphoid aggregates in which HLA-DR+ interdigitating cells form close contacts with a large number of OKT4+ T cells, while the OKT8+ T cells are sparse. It may be that the localizing mechanisms for OKT8+ suppressor cells in lymphoid aggregates are deficient in RA and the cells are thus permitted to pass into synovial exudates, resulting in an increase of OKT8+ cells in the SF. PMID- 6219222 TI - Novel 17 alpha-chloro-17 beta-sulfinyl steroids as specific inhibitors of sebaceous gland activity: potential antiacne agents. AB - The preparation and antisebaceous gland activities of a series of 17 alpha-chloro 17 beta-sulfinyl steroids are described. They were obtained from the corresponding 17 alpha-sulfides by chlorination and oxidation with iodobenzene dichloride in aqueous pyridine at -40 degrees C. A single-crystal X-ray structure determination of 17 alpha-chloro-17 beta-(benzylsulfinyl)-1,4-androstadiene-3,11 dione (4) established the absolute configuration at sulfur to be R. From an analysis of their CD spectra, some of the other alpha-chloro sulfoxides were also assigned the same absolute stereochemistry at sulfur. Inhibition of sebaceous gland activity, after topical application of the test compounds, was determined in hamsters and found to reach a maximum with 4. The 17 beta-sulfone and 17 alpha sulfide corresponding to 4 were less potent. Subcutaneous administration of 4 produced no antiandrogenic effects in either hamsters or rats. PMID- 6219221 TI - Generalized skeletal response to 99mtechnetium methylene diphosphonate in rheumatoid arthritis. AB - The total body retention (TBR) and the 5- and 24-h lumbar spine to soft tissue (LS/ST) ratios of 99mtechnetium methylene diphosphonate was studied in 19 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), 16 patients with metastatic tumors that did not involve the lumbar spine, 10 patients with chronic renal failure and 17 controls. The TBR was significantly higher in all groups compared to the controls. The 5-h LS/ST did not differ between any of the groups although the 24 h LS/ST ratios were significantly elevated in RA and those with chronic renal failure. The 24-h LS/ST in RA was correlated only with disease duration. The results are consistent with a generalized increase in bone turnover in RA and may explain the recognized lack of sensitivity of quantitative scintigraphic techniques in this disorder. PMID- 6219223 TI - Aromatic amidines: comparison of their ability to block respiratory syncytial virus induced cell fusion and to inhibit plasmin, urokinase, thrombin, and trypsin. AB - Two series of amidine derivatives consisting of a total of 24 compounds were examined for a correlation between their blocking effect on respiratory syncytial virus induced cell fusion and their inhibitory activity against selected trypsin like protease. Although no correlation was evident between the two activities, several potentially important discoveries were made. A highly selective inhibitor of plasmin over thrombin (compound 10) was obtained, and a potent new blocker of virus-induced cell fusion (compound 22) was identified. PMID- 6219224 TI - Medical practice and genetics in the mid-Michigan area. AB - In this report the authors provide information on the knowledge of and attitudes on genetics of allopathic and osteopathic physicians of the Mid-Michigan area. The type of degree (M.D. or D.O.) made no difference with respect to physicians' knowledge of genetics, while their specialty and year of graduation from medical school each had a significant impact on the physicians' genetic performance. Although there are important differences by specialty area, the average score on a multiple-choice genetic knowledge test was approximately 50 percent correct. Respondents were more likely to indicate a lack of knowledge than to choose an incorrect answer, but the overall level of knowledge was low. Ninety-two percent of the respondents stated that their present knowledge was inadequate and preferred continuing medical education courses and case-related conferences to increase their knowledge. PMID- 6219225 TI - Effect of methylprednisolone on human lymphocytes primed to alloantigens. AB - Human lymphocytes were primed in mixed lymphocyte cultures (MLC) in the presence of the corticosteroid methylprednisolone (MP). The generation of proliferative-, cytotoxic- and suppressor cells after specific restimulation of the cultures was studied. Low doses of MP strongly inhibited the generation of secondary proliferative and cytotoxic cells. MP did not render these cells permanently unresponsive, as lymphocytes primed in the presence of MP as were still able to respond to the original stimulators in a primary fashion. In contrast, doses of MP as high as 10 micrograms/ml which are well above clinical levels, had no inhibitory effect on the induction of suppressor cells in these cultures. Our results indicate therefore, that steroids may prevent priming of specific cytotoxic and proliferative T cells, without inhibiting the induction of suppressor lymphocytes in secondary allogeneic cultures. PMID- 6219226 TI - Cellular basis of hyper IgM immunodeficiency. AB - Six patients with primary hypogammaglobulinaemia and hyper IgM were studied. All showed very low serum IgG and IgA concentrations. The in vitro pokeweed-mitogen (PWM)-induced immunoglobulin (Ig) production, including IgM, by their peripheral blood lymphocytes was low. Even when patients' B cells were cocultured with normal T cells, IgM production did not reach normal levels. These results and studies of Ig class on the surface of B lymphocytes point to a maturation arrest of these cells. T cells from all but one patient helped very little Ig production by patients' or normal B cells. Similar numbers of these T cells did not suppress Ig production by normal T plus B cells. Therefore a defect in T cell help for IgM, IgG and IgA was seen in most patients, in addition to the B cell abnormality. PMID- 6219227 TI - Developmental changes of components of the red cell immune system in the rabbit. AB - Red cell immune adherence (RCIA) occurs not only in primates but also in nonprimates such as the rabbit. We utilized the rabbit as an animal model to study developmental changes in the immune functions of rabbit red cells. Significant differences between adult and newborn rabbits were found. RCIA receptor activity of the newborn rabbits was significantly larger than that of adult rabbits (p less than 0.0005). Serum RCIA inhibiting factor, which completely prevented any detectable RCIA, was evident in about 40% of adult but not in any of the newborn rabbits (p less than 0.01). RCIA-inhibiting factor was also detectable in three out of eight pregnant rabbits but did not cross the placenta into the rabbit fetus. High concentrations (33%-100%) of most adult sera but not of newborn sera inhibited RCIA (p less than 0.001). It is suggested that, like the thymus, red cell immune function may reach its peak activity during early developmental periods. The red cell immune function may be essential for the removal of antigen-antibody complement complexes from the fetal circulation and may participate in the activation of T suppressor cells which adhere to autologous red cells. PMID- 6219228 TI - Lambda phage cro repressor. DNA sequence-dependent interactions seen by tyrosine fluorescence. PMID- 6219229 TI - Lambda phage cro repressor. Non-specific DNA binding. PMID- 6219230 TI - Localization and regulation of the structural gene for transcription-termination factor rho of Escherichia coli. PMID- 6219231 TI - Crystallization and preliminary crystallographic data of bovine pancreatic deoxyribonuclease I. PMID- 6219232 TI - To climb a mountain: project Pelion. PMID- 6219233 TI - Morphometric, biochemical, and physiological assessment of perinatally induced renal dysfunction. AB - Three chemicals, known either to alter renal development when administered during fetal development or to affect renal function when administered to adult rats, were administered to Sprague-Dawley rats at critical periods of renal development. Chlorambucil (CHL) was administered ip on d 11 of gestation at doses of 0, 3, and 6 mg/kg; nitrofen (2,4-dichlorophenyl p-nitrophenyl ether) (NIT) was given po on d 8-16 of gestation at 0, 4.17, 12.5, and 25 mg/kg . d; and mercuric chloride (MER) was given sc on postnatal d 1 at 0, 14, and 28 micrograms/pup. To assess the effects of these toxicants on the functional development of the kidneys, a diuresis test with and without antidiuretic hormone was applied on postnatal d 3 (PD 3); a hydropenia test on PD 6; and kidney weights, glomerular counts in midhilar cross sections, and the specific activity of renal alkaline phosphatase were determined on PD 3 and 6. Data from pups with obvious malformations of the kidneys was eliminated from the statistical analyses of the data so that emphasis could be placed on alterations of functional development in individuals with apparently morphologically normal kidneys. CHL retarded the growth and biochemical differentiation of the kidney at 6 mg/kg. Pups from this treatment groups showed an attenuated response to exogenously administered antidiuretic hormone. NIT impaired growth and altered renal morphology at a dose of 12.5 mg/kg . d and altered physiological responses in the absence of anatomical changes at a dose of 4.17 mg/kg . d. MER, at doses near the maximum tolerated, failed to alter any parameter, indicating that the very young animal differs markedly from the adult in response to that compound. The data indicate that relatively simple tests of renal function are useful in the detection of perinatally induced nephrotoxicity. PMID- 6219234 TI - Moxalactam, bleeding, and renal insufficiency. PMID- 6219235 TI - Hidden fluorouracil applications as a cause of dermatitis and erosions. PMID- 6219236 TI - Rapid triage assessment of low back pain. PMID- 6219237 TI - [Experimental study of M. intracellulare infection (1). Growth promotion by the media containing Tween and pathogenicity to CF1 mice]. PMID- 6219238 TI - [Genetic control of delayed-type hypersensitivity to BCG in mice and the suppressor T cells]. PMID- 6219239 TI - [State and development of the cardiological services in the Georgian S.S.R]. PMID- 6219240 TI - [Cardiological services in the Uzbek S.S.R]. PMID- 6219241 TI - [Role of the immunological factors in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis]. AB - It is shown that lipoproteins possessing autoantigenic properties may appear in blood serum of patients with atherosclerosis complicated by coronary disease. Developing sensitization to these lipoproteins, accompanied by the formation of an autoimmune complex may be the principal factor in the formation of arterial atherosclerotic lesions. Sensitization to vascular wall antigens is viewed as a factor contributing to rapid progress of atherosclerosis. PMID- 6219242 TI - [Nicknames and surnames and their meaning for pediatrics]. PMID- 6219243 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of liver injuries]. PMID- 6219244 TI - [60 years of internal medicine in Uzbekistan]. PMID- 6219245 TI - [Value of immunological studies in the clinical aspects of internal medicine]. PMID- 6219246 TI - A morphologic classification and incidence of alveolar-bronchiolar neoplasms in BALB/c female mice. AB - Lungs from 505 (21.1%) of 2,397 untreated control female BALB/c mice examined at various age intervals up to 1,001 days contained alveolar-bronchiolar neoplasms. Tumors were evaluated for histomorphological type, degree of differentiation, and size. Most of the tumors (286 of 505 or 56% of those examined) were of the papillary type and 450 of 505 (89.1%) were well differentiated. The incidence of the solid type and the well differentiated tumors was highest in the smallest size group (less than 0.5 mm) while that of the papillary and mixed types and the moderately and poorly differentiated tumors was highest in the larger size groupings. One hundred twenty-seven of 131 (97%) of all solid tumors were well differentiated while a lower percentage of papillary and mixed types (86.7% and 85.2%, respectively) were well differentiated. The mean age of mice with tumors from each histomorphological type, degree of differentiation, and size grouping also was determined. PMID- 6219247 TI - Modification of glomerular immune complex deposits. PMID- 6219248 TI - Loss of heparan sulfate proteoglycan from glomerular basement membrane of nephrotic rats. AB - Three basement membrane components, heparan sulfate proteoglycan, laminin, and type IV collagen, were localized in renal glomeruli using light and electron microscopic immunohistochemistry in normal and aminonucleoside-treated nephrotic rats. In normal rats, type IV collagen was found in both laminae rarae and in lamina densa; laminin and heparan sulfate were found in the three layers of the basement membrane with more intense staining in both laminae rarae. In nephrotic rats laminin and type IV collagen had the same localization and distribution as in normal rats. This was in contrast to heparan sulfate proteoglycan which was lost to a considerable extent in nephrotic animals. These results support the concept that heparan sulfate proteoglycan is a major charge determinant in normal glomerular basement membrane and suggest a crucial role for this proteoglycan in the pathogenesis of the nephrotic syndrome. PMID- 6219249 TI - Removal of glomerular immune complex deposits by excess antigen in chronic mouse model of immune complex disease. PMID- 6219250 TI - Conservative surgical management of tubal pregnancy. PMID- 6219251 TI - Investigation and prevention of chromate dermatitis in colour television manufacture. PMID- 6219252 TI - Respiratory disablement: problems and opportunities. PMID- 6219253 TI - An evaluation of the vibrating reed method for determining the mechanical properties of materials. AB - The vibrating reed method is a recognized technique for the mechanical analysis of materials and offers a number of advantages over other types of test. However, little detailed evaluation of the method has been reported, particularly those aspects which affect accuracy and reproducibility. In this investigation, a vibrating reed apparatus was constructed which incorporated automatic detection of the reed displacement. A number of clamp designs were assessed and a range of materials, including some of biomedical interest, was examined. It was found that significant experimental inaccuracies were present and that these led to errors of approximately 15% in the measured properties. The most important contribution to this error arose from the clamping mechanism. PMID- 6219254 TI - Cells in lymph draining normal human skin-monoclonal antibody analysis. AB - The immune cells which migrate into the human skin from the blood and subsequently leave it via lymph vessels play an important role in immune processes. We made use of the monoclonal antibodies, characterizing cell populations which migrate into the normal skin and which having traversed the tissue, could be recovered from the afferent lymph vessels. The percentage of OKM1+ cells (monocytes/macrophages, null cells) in lymph was low (8.9 +/- 1.6%) when compared to that of blood (16.5 +/- 4.6%) (p less than 0.05). The OKM1 antibody labeled only 40% of the large macrophage-like lymph cells. The percentage of OKT3+ (T cells) in lymph was higher (75.4 +/- 4.0%) than in blood (54.0 +/- 4.5%) (p less than 0.05) as was that of the OKT4+ (inducer/helper) subset (41.5 +/- 9.5 and 33.3 +/- 4.8%, p less than 0.05), while cells of the OKT8+ (suppressor/cytotoxic) subset were found to be less numerous in lymph than in blood. (18.4 +/- 6.2% and 20.3 +/- 4.9%, p less than 0.05). The OKI a1+ cell population consisted of large veiled macrophage-like cells and only very few small cells. Around 60% of the large mononuclear cells present in lymph reacted with OKT6 antibody specific for cortical thymocytes. The finding of high proportions of T cells, cells bearing la-like antigens, and a high inducer/suppressor ratio in normal prenodal lymph reflects the intensity of "physiological" immune processes in the normal skin. PMID- 6219255 TI - Pulmonary arteriovenous fistulas. AB - Previously reported from our institution has been a series of 63 patients with pulmonary arteriovenous fistula who were seen from Jan. 1, 1952, through Dec. 31, 1972. Subsequently, we have seen 38 additional patients during the 8 1/2-year period from Jan. 1, 1973, through June 1981. The series includes three patients with hereditary telangiectasia who had bilateral pulmonary arteriovenous fistulas removed at two separate thoracotomies. Our report also includes a brief description of five additional patients with acquired systemic artery-to pulmonary artery fistula who underwent miniballoon occlusion of the fistula. We are including these five cases because we believe this therapeutic catheterization technique may be of particular value in patients with multiple or bilateral pulmonary arteriovenous malformations and may obviate extensive pulmonary resection and repeat thoracotomy. Pulmonary arteriovenous fistula is believed to occur most often in middle-aged women who have associated Rendu-Osler Weber syndrome, but most of our patients did not have hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia. Twenty-three (36.5%) of the 63 patients in a previous Mayo Clinic series and 18 (47%) of the 38 in the present series had associated Rendu-Osler Weber syndrome. A logical workup of a patient with pulmonary arteriovenous fistula includes, in sequential fashion based on priority, chest roentgenography and tomography, arterial blood gas measurements, contrast echocardiography with indocyanine green dye, angiography, and measurement of differential pulmonary venous oxygen content. PMID- 6219256 TI - Chemonucleolysis--past and present. PMID- 6219257 TI - Adverse reactions associated with the use of oral penicillins and cephalosporins. PMID- 6219258 TI - Immunization against infectious diseases. Practice and problems. PMID- 6219259 TI - [Experience with Disulone in the treatment of severe nodular acne]. PMID- 6219260 TI - [Lamprene. New therapeutic indications (excluding leprosy)]. PMID- 6219261 TI - Functional aspects of B cell autonomy in human thyroid disease. AB - To evaluate the functional aspects of B cell autonomy in human autoimmune thyroiditis we examined antigen-dependent antibody secretion using specific PFC assays for total immunoglobulin and antibodies to human thyroglobulin (hTg) and SRBC. A microculture system based on S. aureus and a macrophage-derived B cell differentiating factor provided the essential data on specific antigen induction of B cells in macrophage-depleted cultures of peripheral mononuclear cells (PMC). Anti-SRBC PFC were readily induced by SRBC-antigen in normal PMC but a significant reduction in responses was observed in patients with autoimmune thyroiditis. 8 of 10 patients had anti-hTg PFC and none were observed in normal controls. However, only 3 patients showed hTg-antigen specific B cell induction. Varying mitogen and antigen concentrations, presentation of hTg in soluble or membrane bound forms, and adding helper and macrophage cell activity failed to induce specific hTg-antigen induction in the non-responsive patients. In conclusion, anti-hTg PFC were observed in the majority of patients with autoimmune thyroiditis but such B cell secretion was not usually subject to normal immunological control mechanisms. Furthermore, the reduced anti-SRBC response in patients indicated that non-specific abnormalities were also present in this organ specific disease. PMID- 6219262 TI - Isolation and characterization of mononuclear cells from various thyroid tissue specimens. AB - Extensive studies of humoral and cell mediated autoimmune responses to thyroid antigens have been performed in order to understand the underlying mechanisms of autoimmune thyroid disorders. Very little is known, however, about the nature of the lymphocyte subpopulations in the thyroid gland and their possible involvement in the pathogenesis of thyroid diseases. We have developed a Percoll gradient technique to separate mononuclear cells from thyroid cells of resected thyroid glands. Thyroid tissue was minced, incubated with Dispase and passed through a tissue sieve. The filtrate was layered onto a four step discontinuous Percoll gradient (densities 1.140, 1.077, 1.061, 1.030 g/ml). Thyroid cells appeared in band II and mononuclear cells in band III. Mononuclear cells were characterized using the monoclonal antibodies OKT-3, OKT-8, OKI-a and OKM-1, and the levels of these populations in peripheral blood and thyroid tissue compared. Patients have been classified by conventional clinical, immunological and histological criteria. The studies involved thyroid tissues from 8 patients with euthyroid nodular goitre, 7 patients with Graves' disease and 1 with Hashimoto's thyroiditis. In the thyroid tissue of non-autoimmune thyroid diseases we find significantly less OKT-3+ cells compared to peripheral blood. In thyroid tissue of autoimmune thyroid diseases there are significantly less OKT-8+ cells compared to peripheral blood. These preliminary results might be linked to the hypothesis of decreased suppressor T-cell activity in autoimmune thyroid disease. PMID- 6219263 TI - Immunoreactive Cu-SOD and Mn-SOD in lymphocytes sub-populations from normal and trisomy 21 subjects according to age. AB - Copper and manganese superoxide dismutases (Cu-SOD and Mn-SOD) were measured by radioimmunoassay in B and T lymphocytes and macrophages, in patients with trisomy 21 and in matched controls. In the controls, Cu-SOD was present in greater amounts than Mn-SOD and there were quantitative differences in the distribution in the three cellular sub-populations. In trisomy 21, levels of Cu-SOD were raised, with no change in levels of Mn-SOD, supporting the theory of a gene dosage effect. There were significant positive and negative correlations between age and Cu-SOD levels in controls, and a correlation approaching significance for Mn-SOD. In trisomy 21, there was no correlation between age and Cu-SOD levels, and the only significant correlation for Mn-SOD was for B lymphocytes. PMID- 6219264 TI - [History of the development of radiology in Azerbaijan]. PMID- 6219265 TI - [Basic stages of the development and scientific achievements of medical radiology and roentgenology in the Uzbek S.S.R. over the past 60 years]. PMID- 6219266 TI - Skeletal muscle adaptation in adolescent boys: sprint and endurance training and detraining. AB - The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of 3-month sprint and endurance training programs on the vastus lateralis muscle fiber area and the activities of glycolytic (phosphofructokinase; PFK) and oxidative (succinate dehydrogenase; SDH) enzymes of adolescent boys. Enzyme activities were also determined after a subsequent 6-month detraining period. Endurance training resulted in significant increases in VO2max (58.4 to 64.3 ml . min-1 . kg-1), in ST and FTa fiber area (6.0 to 7.3 and 8.0 to 10.4 microns 2 x 10(3), respectively), and in SDH activity (6.4 to 9.1 IU). After detraining VO2max and SDH activity returned to pretraining levels. Sprint training resulted in a significant increase only in PFK activity (28.1 to 33.9 IU), which was also abolished in the detraining period. These data demonstrate that in adolescent boys skeletal muscle enzyme changes are specific to the mode of training and that they are similar in direction but different in magnitude to those found in adults. PMID- 6219267 TI - Enzyme adaptations in rat skeletal muscle after two intensities of treadmill training. AB - The effects of high intensity, short duration chronic exercise (HSD, N = 9) and low intensity, long duration chronic exercise (LLD, N = 9) on the selected enzyme activities of three muscles of rats were studied. After 12 wk of treadmill training, the LLD group showed 15-23% decreases in lactate dehydrogenase activity in all muscles (P less than 0.05), while succinic oxidase activity increased in the soleus (49%) and the vastus lateralis profundus (42%) (P less than 0.05). No change in creatine kinase activity was found in either group. The HSD group showed no change in lactate dehydrogenase activity; however, phosphofructokinase activity increased (greater than 50%) in both of the fast-twitch muscles (P less than 0.01), while only the vastus lateralis superficialis showed increased succinic oxidase activity (30-40%) (P less than 0.05). Following training no difference was observed in mean heart weights; however, the mean body weight of the sedentary control group (SC, N = 9) was greater than both exercise groups (P less than 0.05). No difference was observed between the exercise groups. The mean heart weight/body weight ratios were significantly different between all groups (P less than 0.01). These results indicated that the HSD group selectively increased its glycolytic power, while the LLD group increased only its oxidative ability. Furthermore, both exercise groups exhibited less gains in body weight than the non-exercise group. This change was independent of any work performed. PMID- 6219269 TI - Effect of bacteriophage phi X174 infection on the conformation of Escherichia coli DNA. AB - The cistron A proteins of bacteriophage phi X174 inhibit the synthesis of beta galactosidase of host Escherichia coli. A drastic reduction in the rate of transcription of the lac gene is observed in infected cells. This loss in the efficiency of transcription is due to conformational changes in the host DNA. Probably the host DNA is nicked at a few sites along its length and some of its negative superhelical twists are released. PMID- 6219268 TI - Construction and physical mapping of plasmids containing the metJBLF gene cluster of E. coli K12. AB - In vitro recombination techniques were used to clone the E. coli metJBLF gene cluster in a plasmid vector. Several chimeric plasmids were obtained, analyzed by restriction mapping and characterized genetically. The combined results establish that the met gene cluster is contained on an approximately 5.6 kilobase segment of bacterial DNA with metL between metB and metF. The origin of metL was localized precisely by its DNA sequence and its transcription direction was established. PMID- 6219270 TI - Cloning of colicin E1 tolerant tolC (mtcB) gene of Escherichia coli K12 and identification of its gene product. AB - A mutation in the tolC(mtcB) gene of Escherichia coli K12 results in increased sensitivity to sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS), sodium deoxycholate, basic dyes, mitomycin C, and bleomycin, and makes the cell tolerant to the killing action of colicin E1. From lysogens with lambda cI857S7 integrated at a secondary attachment site, a transducing phage (lambda dtolC+) that transduces a tolC recipient to SDS resistance was isolated. A recombinant DNA molecule was constructed in vitro from plasmid pBR322 as a vector, and an EcoRI-BamHI fragment of lambda tolC+ DNA. The resulting plasmid, designated pOK1, was 5.6 megadaltons (Md). The tolC bacteria transformed with plasmid pOK1 restored the TolC+ phenotype with regard to mitomycin C, SDS, and colicin E1 sensitivities. A plasmid with an amber mutation in the tolC gene, designated pOK18, was isolated by the same procedure used for the isolation of pOK1. The plasmid had a molecular weight of 5.6 Md and produced the same size of DNA fragments as the tolC+ plasmid, pOK1, after digestion with the indicated restriction enzymes. The plasmid, pOK18, conferred the TolC+ phenotype when introduced into a tolC strain in the presence of, but not the absence of, an amber suppressor. Plasmid specified polypeptides were determined by using maxicells of strains uvrA recAsup+ and uvrA recA tyrT, containing each plasmid. Three additional proteins of 54,000 (54K), 29K, and 27K were produced in maxicells containing pOK1. These three proteins were synthesized in maxicells of the uvrA recA tyrT strain carrying pOK18, whereas synthesis of the 54K protein by pOK18 did not take place in maxicells of the uvrA recA sup+ strain, although the other two proteins were produced in normal amounts. From these results we concluded that the product of the tolC gene is a protein with a molecular weight of 54K. PMID- 6219271 TI - Suppressor genes of a dnaA temperature sensitive mutation in Escherichia coli. AB - Recombinant plasmids were constructed from EcoRI digests of Escherichia coli chromosomal DNA and pMB9 DNA by selecting for suppression of a dnaA-T46 temperature-sensitive mutation. Two types of plasmid capable of suppressing the dnaA mutation were isolated. They did not carry any genetic markers around dnaA and physical mapping with various restriction enzymes showed that neither of the plasmids contained the dnaA gene. One plasmid, pYT47, was characterized further and the protein responsible for the suppression was identified by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. The molecular weight of the suppressor protein was about 68 Kdal and thus is clearly different from the dnaA gene product. PMID- 6219272 TI - Bacteriophage lambda initiators: preparation from a strain that overproduces the O and P proteins. AB - A recombinant plasmid was constructed which carries bacteriophage lambda initiator genes O and P under control of tandemly arranged PL and PR promoters. These promoters were repressed by a thermosensitive repressor, cI857, at low temperature, but became active when the culture was incubated at 42 degrees C. Upon elevation of the temperature, the O and P proteins were overproduced to the extent that they constituted several per cent of the total E. coli cellular proteins. Both the O and P proteins have been purified to apparent homogeneity, and were shown to consist of 298 and 233 amino acid residues, respectively. The amino acid composition and the terminal partial amino acid sequence of each protein were determined. Through these analyses, the locations of the O and P genes in the known lambda DNA sequence were determined. The termination codon for the O gene overlaps with the initiation codon for the P gene. The purified O protein binds specifically to the replication origin of lambda (lambda ori) in accordance with our previous observations. The purified P protein inhibits an ATPase activity of dnaB protein. PMID- 6219274 TI - Isoniazid perturbation of the pyridine nucleotide cycle of Escherichia coli. AB - Isogenic strains of Escherichia coli, differing only in their sensitivity/resistance to isoniazid, were compared on the basis of intracellular accumulation of the intermediates of the pyridine nucleotide cycle and a closely related compound, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate. Isoniazid treatment was bacteriostatic for the wild type organism and resulted in an exaggerated lag phase followed by a rapid logarithmic growth rate in the isoniazid-resistant strain. Isoniazid treatment of the wild type strain, even in the absence of growth, resulted in a temporal shift of peak pyridine accumulation from early lag phase to early logarithmic phase. The effect of mutation from isoniazid sensitivity to isoniazid resistance was accompanied by this same temporal shift of peak pyridine accumulation. In addition, mutation was accompanied by increases in the peak concentrations, as compared to wild type, of desamidonicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, nicotinamide, nicotinic acid and nicotinamide mononucleotide; the levels of nicotinic acid mononucleotide, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide were decreased. Isoniazid treatment of the isoniazid-resistant strain, even in the absence of bacteriostasis, caused a decrease in the intracellular concentrations of nicotinic acid and nicotinamide and an increase in nicotinic acid mononucleotide. Isoniazid treatment of both the sensitive and resistant strains resulted in the loss of a peak ratio of NADP to NAD which normally occurred in the late logarithmic/early stationary phase of growth in untreated cultures. This denoted a loss of ability to shift from the generation of energy from glycolysis to generation of energy from the hexose monophosphate shunt. PMID- 6219273 TI - A new activity in the Ftra operon which is required for F-pilin synthesis. AB - Membrane preparations from a series of Hfr mutant strains of Escherichia coli K12 deleted in the promoter distal end of the F transfer operon were analyzed. Deletions which extended into traG, as expected, had no discernible effect on synthesis of membrane F-pilin. A more extensive deletion in strain K1777 which eliminated traH activity similarly had no effect on F-pilin synthesis. Membranes from three other TraF+ TraH- deletion strains, as well as membranes from all strains carrying deletions extending into traF or further, lacked F-pilin, however. Since traH amber mutations do not affect synthesis of membrane pilin (Moore et al. 1981 b) we conclude that a gene required for F-pilin biosynthesis is located between traF and traH. We have named this gene traQ. Further evidence for traQ and an assay for its activity was obtained by examining the products of a TraM+ TraJ+ TraA+ lambda transducing phage, KI lambda 13, in UV irradiated cells. Infection of F- cells with KI lambda 13 does not result in F-pilin synthesis. Membrane pilin is synthesized as a product of the transducing phage if an Flac or Hfr irradiated host is used, however. Mutant analysis demonstrated that this synthesis is independent of host expression of traA, traL, traE, traK, traB, traV, traW, traC, traU, traF, or traH, but dependent on expression of the traF-traH region. We interpret our data to indicate that an activity encoded by traQ is required for the conversion of traA product to F-pilin. PMID- 6219275 TI - Cefoperazone sodium (Cefobid). PMID- 6219276 TI - Impairment of cell-mediated immunity in Pseudomonas aeruginosa pyelonephritis: lack of suppressor cell activity in vivo. AB - Bacterial pyelonephritis was induced in mice by direct microinoculation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the kidney. In the acute phase of P. aeruginosa pyelonephritis, a state of cell-mediated immunity impairment, evaluated both in vitro as lymphocyte reactivity to concanavalin A and in vivo as host versus graft reaction has been observed. Furthermore, delayed-type hypersensitivity to specific bacterial antigen has been detected only when the kidney infection was subsiding, i.e., 3 weeks after bacteria inoculation. When investigating the mechanism of such T-cell impairment, we were unable to transfer the immunodepression, suggesting that suppressor cells are not involved in vivo. The role of P. aeruginosa inhibition of cell-mediated immunity in the pyelonephritic host is discussed. PMID- 6219277 TI - Additive effect of glucan and streptozotocin on endotoxicosis in mice. AB - Mice were sensitized to endotoxin lethality after pretreatment with either glucan, or a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (SZN); the effect of glucan plus SZN was clearly additive. Triamcinolone acetonide (TA) protected animals under all these conditions. SZN alone did not influence the activity of the reticuloendothelial system (RES) in either normal or glucan-injected mice. TA actually diminished the RES activation as a result of glucan pretreatment and this was also true in normal mice. Within 4 h, SZN and/or TA did not influence glycaemia in either normal or glucan-injected animals. Endotoxin very quickly depressed glycaemia and this was unaltered when various combinations of TA and SZN were given with the toxin in glucan-pretreated mice. Glucan and/or SZN did not influence basal liver carbohydrate levels but TA induced liver glycogen within 4 h in glucan-injected mice, even in presence of SZN. Endotoxin depleted liver carbohydrates within 4 h and these could not be increased even by a dose of TA that fully protected against death. These observations stress the need to redefine the hypotheses regarding the mechanism of action of bacterial endotoxins. PMID- 6219278 TI - Electrochemical sensors for invasive and non-invasive monitoring of blood gases. AB - The need for continuous monitoring of blood gases in critically ill patients has become more and more evident during the past years. Electrochemical sensors appear to be most appropriate for such measurements because of their simplicity, ease of use and low cost. Intravascular sensors and skin surface sensors for pO2 and pCO2 are available today in different degrees of technical maturity. In the case of intravascular sensors, the use of surface heparinisation techniques may lead to considerable functional improvements. In the case of skin surface sensors, a reliable method for simultaneous measurement of cutaneous blood flow is needed. Laser doppler flowmetry appears to be a promising method for this purpose. PMID- 6219279 TI - Engineering approaches to the evaluation of cardiac function in future. AB - The present and future impact of engineering technology on observing and evaluating cardiac function is discussed, with particular reference to the development of cardiac measurements. Several new topics in cardiac imaging, manometers, and blood flow velocity measurements are briefly reviewed. The effectiveness of cardiac models in the evaluation of cardiac function is emphasized, although there are many unsolved basic problems concerning muscle mechanics of the heart. Overall, comprehensive studies in cooperation with clinical cardiology, cardiac physiology, and engineering are necessary to accelerate further progress in the evaluation of cardiac function. PMID- 6219281 TI - Spectinomycin-resistant penicillinase-producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae. PMID- 6219282 TI - Monoclonal anti-(T,G)-A--L antibodies: characterization of fine specificity and idiotype expression. AB - The technique of polyethylene glycol mediated cell fusion was used to establish 22 monoclonal cell lines secreting anti-(T,G)-A--L antibody. Cell lines were derived from C3H.SW and B10 mice and produced antibody with kappa light chains and predominantly gamma 1, heavy chains. Fine-specificity analysis demonstrated that 15 cell lines made antibodies that also recognize a determinant present on GAT, GT (9:1) and GT (1:1), whereas little, if any, serum antibody demonstrates this cross-reaction. Fourteen antibodies, derived from both B10 and C3H.SW mice, bear idiotypic determinants defined by Lewis anti-[B10 anti-(T,G)-A--L], but only two, both from C3H.SW mice, react with Lewis anti-[C3H.SW anti-(T,G)-A--L]. Adsorption studies indicate that no hybridoma tested bore the complete set of idiotypic determinants defined by either serum. PMID- 6219283 TI - Gel filtration in 6 M guanidine hydrochloride of the alpha-subunit (and its fragments) of the receptor for immunoglobulin E. AB - The mol. wts of the alpha-chain of the receptor for immunoglobulin E and several of its enzyme-cleaved fragments have been evaluated by gel filtration on Sepharose 6B in 6 M guanidine HCl. The mol. wt of alpha-chains treated with endoglycosidase was 30% less than that of untreated alpha-chains. alpha-Chains digested with papain eluted in a single peak with a mol. wt approximately one half of that of undigested alpha-chains. The results support the proposal that papain cleaves alpha-chains into two fragments of similar size [Goetze et al. (1981) Biochemistry 20, 6341-6349]. PMID- 6219284 TI - [Activity of dental clinic in Pisa in the prevention of caries in hemophiliacs]. PMID- 6219286 TI - Effects of a recA operator mutation on mutant phenotypes conferred by lexA and recF mutations. AB - Derepression of recA by an operator mutation (recAo281) produces effects opposite to those obtained from its derepression following DNA damage. Inducible reactivation of lambda vir and S13 phages is decreased and inducible UV mutagenesis of a phi X174 amber mutant is lessened in a recAo281 strain compared to a recAo+ strain. The decreases could not be accounted for by increases in constitutive levels of these processes. Consistent with these results the UV resistance of a recAo281 strain is less than that of a recAo+ strain. This may indicate that too much recA protein immediately after irradiation interferes with derepression of the lexA regulon or functioning of its products. Effects of increasing the recAo+ and recA+ copy number on a Co1E1 plasmid are compared with the effects of recAo281. recAo281 partially suppresses UV sensitivity due to lexA102 and lexA3 in E. coli K-12. This increase in resistance is not correlated with an increase in constitutive or inducible reactivation of UV-irradiated lambda vir or S13. This is consistent with the previous suggestion that the UV resistance stems from a decrease in DNA degradation allowing an increase in DNA repair. lexA3 blocks UV mutagenesis of phi X174 as measured by reversion of amber mutations and this was not suppressed by recAo281. recF143 blocks UV mutagenesis of phi X174. recAo281 suppresses neither this effect nor the decrease in bacterial UV resistance caused by recF143. PMID- 6219287 TI - Induction of prophage lambda in Escherichia coli recA- strain by N-methyl-N' nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine. AB - Induction of prophage by N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) occurred in a recA- strain lysogenic for lambda phage at a level significantly higher than the spontaneous level although the frequency was much lower than that of induction in a recA+(lambda) strain. The plaque-forming ability of lambda c17 super-infecting the recA-(lambda) strain pretreated with MNNG increased with dose of MNNG as it did for super-infection of the recA+(lambda) strain, indicating that the frequency of maturation of lambda c17 increased owing to a decrease in the immunity of the lambda lysogen with dose of MNNG given to it. Further, the activity of lambda repressor in the recA-(lambda) strain decreased after treatment with MNNG as measured by the decrease of repressor-binding activity to lambda DNA although it decreased at a 3-fold slower rate than that in recA+(lambda) strain. From these results and others previously reported we conclude that inactivation of repressor leading to MNNG-initiated prophage induction takes place through two pathways, one being the recA-dependent normal process and the other a recA-independent process unique to the effect of MNNG. PMID- 6219285 TI - Mutagenesis resulting from depurination is an SOS process. AB - When bacteriophage phi X174 am3 DNA depurinated in vitro is transfected into E. coli spheroplasts prepared from bacteria previously exposed to UV light, a strong mutagenic response is observed. This mutagenic response does not occur in spheroplasts derived from pre-irradiated bacteria carrying defective recA, recF or umuC genes. These findings indicate that mutagenesis at apurinic sites is an SOS-dependent process. The mutagenic response is not dependent on the multiplicity of transfection. This suggests that mutagenesis is not mediated by recombination. PMID- 6219288 TI - Genotoxicity of tobacco smoke and tobacco smoke condensate. PMID- 6219289 TI - Abdominal surgery (third of three parts). PMID- 6219290 TI - Cell wall degradation in the autolysis of filamentous fungi. AB - A systematic study on autolysis of the cell walls of fungi has been made on Neurospora crassa, Botrytis cinerea, Polystictus versicolor, Aspergillus nidulans, Schizophyllum commune, Aspergillus niger, and Mucor mucedo. During autolysis each fungus produces the necessary lytic enzymes for its autodegradation. From autolyzed cultures of each fungus enzymatic precipitates were obtained. The degree of lysis of the cell walls, obtained from non-autolyzed mycelia, was studied by incubating these cell walls with and without a supply of their own lytic enzymes. The degree of lysis increased with the incubation time and generally was higher with a supply of lytic enzymes. Cell walls from mycelia of different ages were obtained. A higher degree of lysis was always found, in young cell walls than in older cell walls, when exogenous lytic enzymes were present. In all the fungi studied, there is lysis of the cell walls during autolysis. This is confirmed by the change of the cell wall structure as well as by the degree of lysis reached by the cell wall and the release of substances, principally glucose and N-acetylglucosamine in the medium. PMID- 6219291 TI - Suppression of responses to cryptococcal antigen in murine cryptococcosis. AB - Subpopulations of spleen cells responsible for responsiveness and unresponsiveness to cryptococcal antigen in vitro were identified. Lymphocytes which responded in lymphocyte transformation (LT) assays were nylon wool nonadherent and theta antigen positive. These lymphocytes required the presence of an accessory cell which could be supplied by normal peritoneal exudate cells. Spleen cells taken from mice which had been infected for 3 to 15 days were tested to determine their ability to respond to cryptococcal antigen in LT assays. A minimal response was detected at the ninth day of infection. The response of infected spleen cells was attributed to a nonadherent lymphocyte. Nonadherent spleen cells of infected animals had enhanced responses after removal of adherent cells and addition of normal peritoneal exudate cells. Suppressor cells were detected in the spleens of infected mice by the 12th day of infection and thereafter. A nonadherent suppressor cell was identified, but indirect evidence suggested that an adherent cell could also be present in infected spleens. PMID- 6219292 TI - Alloantigen-specific suppressor t cells can also suppress the in vivo immune response to unrelated alloantigens. AB - Delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) to both major histocompatibility complex (H 2) and non-H-2-coded antigens can be induced by subcutaneous immunization with allogeneic lymphoid cells in the mouse. While subcutaneous immunization with allogeneic cells preferentially induces DTH reactivity, intravenous immunization, especially with irradiated allogeneic cells, induces a state of suppression. Suppression is manifest both in direct host-versus-graft (HvG) assays and under graft-versus-host (GvH) conditions, where spleen cells of suppressed mice are used to reconstitute irradiated allogeneic hosts. The suppression is mediated by T cells. We have now studied the specificity of the suppressive effect by subcutaneous immunization of 'suppressed' mice with a combination of alloantigens comprising the antigen(s) used to induce the suppressor T cells as well as unrelated alloantigens. We report here that reaction against the third party alloantigens was effectively suppressed, provided these antigens were presented in combination with the antigen(s) that had induced the suppressor T cells. Both sets of alloantigens do not need to be physically associated. PMID- 6219293 TI - Suppressor T cells control the HLA-linked low responsiveness to streptococcal antigen in man. AB - We have previously reported that low immune responsiveness to the streptococcal cell wall (SCW) antigen is controlled by an HLA-linked dominant gene which we designated as an immune suppression gene to the SCW antigen (Is-SCW) without knowing its function. We have extended the study of the genetic control of the immune response to the SCW antigen and confirmed both the bimodal distribution of immune responsiveness and HLA-linked dominant inheritance of low responsiveness. Here we report an analysis of the function and expression of Is-SCW at the cellular level and demonstrate that the Is-SCW controls the generation of antigen specific suppressor T cell in low responders. PMID- 6219294 TI - [Sloppy handwriting... a visit to the doctor?]. PMID- 6219295 TI - [Young women with symptoms of acute abdomen; diagnosis through a keyhole]. PMID- 6219296 TI - [The occurrence, during exertion, of ST elevation in the V1 lead with incomplete left bundle branch block in a patient with chest pain]. PMID- 6219297 TI - [The pathogenesis of immune complex glomerulonephritis]. PMID- 6219298 TI - Inability of dimethyl sulfoxide and 5-fluorouracil to open the blood-brain barrier. AB - The inability of most chemotherapeutic agents to adequately penetrate the blood brain barrier (BBB), in either normal brain or tumor-infiltrated brain, is a major factor limiting the use of chemotherapy in central nervous system malignancy. This barrier, however, can be opened in a reversible manner by the intra-arterial administration of hyperosmotic agents such as mannitol. It has been suggested that the intravenous administration of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) or 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) can accomplish the same thing in a less invasive manner. We have not been able to confirm these findings. DMSO was administered to 25 rats intravenously at concentrations ranging from 25 to 90% or into the internal carotid artery at a concentration of 30%. The penetration of methotrexate, Evans blue-albumin, and hexosaminidase A was then evaluated at intervals ranging from 1.5 to 3.5 hours after administration. Significant barrier opening was not observed in animals receiving intravenous DMSO. Barrier modification, albeit generally modest, was obtained in animals receiving intracarotid DMSO, but this may have been the result of grand mal seizures, inasmuch as 5 of 6 of these animals had such seizures. Several of the animals receiving i.v. DMSO also had seizures, and all animals developed varying degrees of hematuria. Similarly, 5-FU was administered at a dose of 30 mg/kg i.v. and the permeability of the BBB to either Evans blue-albumin or methotrexate was evaluated. No increased permeability of the BBB to these two markers was observed. In summary, osmotic BBB opening in our hands remains the most consistent and reliable means available to open the BBB in a reversible fashion. Neither intravenous DMSO nor 5-FU seems to increase the delivery of chemotherapy or protein tracer to the central nervous system, and the use of DMSO can result in seizures and hematuria. PMID- 6219299 TI - The use of CT scanning for the study of posterior lumbar intervertebral articulations. AB - The spine is composed of three articular axes: one discal, two facetal. The slightest alteration in one of these axes affects the others. CT is particularly effective in demonstrating biochemical alternations due to architectural pathologies of the column. A judicious therapeutic approach is suggested. PMID- 6219300 TI - Can ethanol intoxication affect hemocoagulation to increase the risk of brain infarction in young adults? AB - We studied the effects of acute ethanol intoxication on platelet function, coagulation factors, and fibrinolytic activity in 12 healthy men. During the ethanol session, 10 of the 12 developed a transient decrease in fibrinolytic activity. Ethanol ingestion increased factor VIII coagulant activity. VIII related antigen, and VIII-ristocetin cofactor. The highest levels were detected 16 hours after beginning ethanol ingestion (p less than 0.001), and the bleeding time decreased at 12 hours (p less than 0.01). Ethanol had no effects on platelet count, beta-thromboglobulin, antithrombin III, ethanol gelation, or fibrin/fibrinogen degradation products. Decreased fibrinolytic activity, increased factor VIII complex, and shortened bleeding time may explain why ethanol intoxication increases susceptibility to cerebral thrombosis. PMID- 6219301 TI - [Cytological brushing]. PMID- 6219302 TI - Serotonin involvement in aversive conditioning: reversal of the fear retention deficit by long-term p-chloroamphetamine but not p-chlorophenylalanine. AB - 5-Methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeO-DMT), a serotonin (5-HT) agonist, fenfluramine and p-chloroamphetamine (PCA), which are 5-HT releasers, produce deficits in fear retention as indicated by a notable lack of the immobility resulting from inescapable shocks. Depletion of central 5-HT neurones after long term PCA treatment (2 X 10 mg/kg) completely blocked the retention impairment resulting from acute PCA (2.5 mg/kg) and fenfluramine (5 mg/kg), and partially blocked the deficit produced by 5-MeO-DMT (4 mg/kg). 5-HT depletion after p chlorophenylalanine (PCPA) treatment (200, 100, 100 mg/kg, 72, 48 and 24 h before) did not do so; this is in agreement with other findings which suggest the involvement of different 5-HT stores in the action of PCA and PCPA. These data further underline the importance of the ascending 5-HT pathway in aversive conditioning in the rat. PMID- 6219303 TI - Accident compensation benefits and the medical profession. PMID- 6219304 TI - Pediatric dentistry: perceptions of change. PMID- 6219280 TI - Chromosomal loci of Neurospora crassa. PMID- 6219305 TI - [Dentistry for children: a guide for parents]. PMID- 6219306 TI - [Pathogens and infection--concepts and change in their understanding]. PMID- 6219307 TI - [The prevalence of alcoholism: the problem of untreated alcoholics]. PMID- 6219309 TI - [A simple graphic presentation of preventive concepts]. PMID- 6219308 TI - [Refuse disposal and alcoholics]. PMID- 6219310 TI - [Public health and limnological viewpoints in the monitoring and planning of bathing facilities in natural standing inland waters]. PMID- 6219311 TI - [Airborne transmission of pathogenic agents in purification plants]. PMID- 6219312 TI - [Results of the inspection of microbiological laboratories in Baden-Wurttemberg]. PMID- 6219313 TI - [The future of public health--organization and tasks]. PMID- 6219314 TI - [Risk-factor obesity--findings of the epidemiological status in Austria and observations on therapeutic intervention]. PMID- 6219315 TI - [The microbiological analysis of cervix smears of prostitutes with special reference to Ureaplasma and Chlamydia]. PMID- 6219316 TI - [Decreased risk of rubella embryopathy 1982]. PMID- 6219317 TI - [Table and mineral water--hygienic problems, microbiological findings]. PMID- 6219318 TI - [Infection caused by Yersinia enterocolitica: report from the bacteriologic, clinical and epidemiologic viewpoints]. PMID- 6219319 TI - [Necessary laboratory equipment of an up-to-date public health department]. PMID- 6219320 TI - [Current Chinese medicine. 3]. PMID- 6219321 TI - [Atypical mycobacteria today]. PMID- 6219322 TI - [Old age: living without work--living for leisure time? A contribution to social gerontology]. PMID- 6219323 TI - [Work experience of the Republic Eye Trauma Center in the Turkmen SSR]. PMID- 6219324 TI - [Work experience of the Saratov Ophthalmic Trauma Center]. PMID- 6219325 TI - Death and disability agreements. PMID- 6219326 TI - The need for antibiotic coverage for dental treatment of patients with joint replacements. PMID- 6219327 TI - The symptomatic spine: relevant and irrelevant roentgen variants and variations. AB - Localized disease of the spine may be related to a variety of etiologies. Although each of these processes may be delineated in a variety of ways, including some of the new imaging modalities, the majority of these lesions can be clearly identified on the basis of routine radiograms. Several types of localized spinal column lesions are discussed, with an emphasis on their appearance on a standard plain film. PMID- 6219328 TI - Computed tomography of the lumbar spine. PMID- 6219329 TI - Paget's disease. PMID- 6219330 TI - [Dilatation of coronary artery stenosis by balloon catheter--Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty]. PMID- 6219331 TI - Genetic control of immune responses to Schistosoma japonicum antigen. AB - A high-titre IgE-antibody response to Schistosoma japonicum antigen (Sj) is obtained if helper T cells are appropriately induced by the infection. The antibody responses were found to be regulated by a gene(s) linked to the major histocompatibility complex. Strains of H-2a and H-2k haplotypes were high responders, whereas H-2d, H-2b and H-2s strains were not. Results obtained by using intra-H-2 recombinant strains suggested that the immune-response (Ir) gene was mapped in the I-E subregion, although a possibility of the presence of complementary genes was not excluded. Interestingly, in low responders such as BALB/c mice, Sj-specific carrier effect could be demonstrated when mice were infected with S. japonicum before challenge immunization with dinitrophenylated Sj (DNP-Sj). Moreover, BALB/c as well as C3H/He was a high responder to Sj in proliferation of peritoneal exudate T-lymphocyte enriched cells in vitro, whereas B10.S was not. Based on these observations, possible roles of Ir genes in immune responses to Sj are discussed. PMID- 6219332 TI - Biology of cardiac overload. AB - Mechanical overload in the heart induces two different types of adaptational mechanisms. (a) From a qualitative point of view, the maximum speed of shortening is depressed in relation to a myosin isoenzymic change responsible for decreased ATPase and, although the relaxation appears normal from a physiological point of view, the existence of an abnormality in Ca2+ uptake in the sarcoplasmic reticulum has been well documented. Both of these processes appear to improve efficiency by decreasing the heat produced per gram of tension. The existence of a large broadening of the action potential has now been well established, but it remains unexplained at the biochemical level. The functioning of mitochondria is rather controversial, and although it has been shown that they are both more abundant and smaller, the reason why their respiratory index changes remains unknown. (b) From a quantitative point of view, the adult heart adapts to overload by increasing its mass. This is mainly a consequence of a hypertrophy of the myocytes and a mitotic multiplication of nonmuscular cells. Data suggest that myocyte amitotic divisions may occur, at least in humans, and perhaps in very sizeable experimental hypertrophy. To this phenomenon has been added the development of polyploidy of myocyte nuclei, which seems to be specific to certain species. The stimulation of protein synthesis occurs very soon after pressure overload, and is delayed in volume overload; protein lysis also increases, although this is controversial. The process occurs whatever the proteins. This is accompanied by increased nuclear activity and a stimulation in RNA synthesis, which is especially precocious for messenger RNA. Among the very early events which could be potential signals for protein synthesis, attention has been focused on polyamine, RNA polymerase, and uridine kinase. The trigger mechanism, of course remains hypothetical. As a trigger for protein synthesis, several data suggest an increase in wall stress and stretch; a drop in efficiency is suggested as a trigger for qualitative changes. PMID- 6219333 TI - Role of electrostatic charge interactions in glomerular deposition of immune complexes. PMID- 6219335 TI - Measles and acute glomerulonephritis. AB - A 5-year-old boy had transient glomerulonephritis following measles infection. Serologic studies at the early onset of the disease showed decrease of serum C3, C4, and Clq levels with normal serum properdin factor B. Renal glomerular histology revealed a mild acute proliferative glomerulonephritis. Measles virus antigen, C3, C4, and immunoglobulin G (IgG) were demonstrated in the glomerulus, suggesting an immune complex deposition. Ultrastructurally, subepithelial, intramembranous, and subendothelial electron-dense deposits were noted, suggesting a postinfectious immune complex glomerulonephritis. It is suggested that the measles virus antibody complexes are deposited in the glomerulus and activate the classic pathway of complement, leading to a self-limited glomerulonephritis. PMID- 6219334 TI - Disproportionate suppression of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) in treated patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency. AB - Serum concentrations of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) were measured in 28 patients (18 females, 10 males) with congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21 hydroxylase deficiency who were treated with oral hydrocortisone (non-salt losers) or hydrocortisone and 9-alpha-fluorohydrocortisone (salt-losers). Adequacy of therapy was assessed by clinical findings, determination of bone age, urinary excretion of 17-ketosteroids, and serum concentration of 17 hydroxyprogesterone. These allowed the separation of patients into three groups: poorly controlled, adequately controlled and overtreated. Individual values for serum levels of DHEAS were compared to mean normal values for age. In the adequately controlled and overtreated patients, mean serum concentrations of DHEAS were significantly lower than normal values for age (P less than 0.05). In the poorly treated patients, the mean serum concentration of DHEAS was not significantly different from normal values for age (P = 0.50). These data indicate that the serum concentration of DHEAS is overly suppressed in treated patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency. This finding suggests that measurement of the serum levels of DHEAS has limited value in assessing the adequacy of therapy in this disease. PMID- 6219336 TI - [Child health care in the Byelorussian S.S.R]. PMID- 6219337 TI - [Progress in the maternal and child health care in the Kazakh S.S.R]. PMID- 6219338 TI - [Dynamics of endemic goiter in children in the Ferghana Valley]. PMID- 6219339 TI - [Organization of the ambulatory-polyclinical pediatric services in the rural areas of the Leninabad region of the Tadzhik S.S.R]. PMID- 6219340 TI - [System of child health care in the Russian Federation]. PMID- 6219341 TI - Entry-level motor performance and self-concepts of handicapped and non handicapped children in mainstreamed physical education classes: a preliminary study. PMID- 6219342 TI - Decelerated synthesized speech as a means of shaping speed of auditory processing of children with delayed language. AB - This study investigated whether the rate at which children with delayed language process auditory stimuli can be increased through a process of shaping with synthesized speech stimuli. Results indicate that stimuli with slowed down critical formant cues were easier for these 24 children with delayed language to discriminate and that training with stimuli of extended duration did generalize to stimuli of normal durations. Implications of these findings and usefulness of this methodology are discussed. PMID- 6219344 TI - Maternal behavior and handicapped infants. PMID- 6219343 TI - Influence of motor therapy on children with multisensory disabilities: a preliminary study. PMID- 6219345 TI - Downhill all the way! PMID- 6219346 TI - [The care of the disabled and his social rehabilitation]. PMID- 6219347 TI - Our house. PMID- 6219348 TI - Long-term back clients: a review of multidisciplinary evaluations of Federal Workers' Compensation clients. PMID- 6219349 TI - [Syndromes associated with disorders of neutrophil chemotaxis]. PMID- 6219350 TI - [Diagnostic problems in different forms of Huntington chorea in children and adolescents]. PMID- 6219351 TI - [Structure, protein composition and function of M-line of the vertebrate skeletal muscle]. PMID- 6219352 TI - [Basic learning processes for the development of visual perceptual capability in autism, organic brain damage and sensory-motor deprivation]. PMID- 6219353 TI - [An epidemiologic study conducted in the agricultural food sector by physicians of an inter-enterprise medical service in France]. PMID- 6219354 TI - [Value of computer tomography (CT) in the diagnosis]. PMID- 6219355 TI - [French, European and international medical and scientific congresses and meetings from 1983 through 1990]. PMID- 6219356 TI - [Weaning from artificial respiration]. PMID- 6219357 TI - [New method of weaning from respiratory assistance. Ventilation based on carbon dioxide]. AB - The authors describe a new device for weaning from mechanical ventilation, based on continuous measurement of end-expiratory concentration of CO 2 (FCO 2 ET). The spontaneous or controlled mode of ventilation is automatically determined by the level of FCO 2 ET in relation to preselected maximum and minimum thresholds. The authors call this device "CO 2MV". PMID- 6219358 TI - [Quantitative evaluation of hormonal extraction performed by continuous plasma exchange in euthyroid patients. Application to the treatment of severe hyperthyroidism]. AB - Plasma exchanges (PE) have been successfully used in the treatment of thyroid storm. The dramatic results obtained (as in the case reported here) have prompted the authors to evaluate the effects of PE on plasma thyroid hormone (T4, T3 and unbound T4) levels and thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG) levels in 5 euthyroid patients. PE of one blood volume consistently produced a significant decrease in T4, T3 and TBG levels without changes in unbound T4 or TSH. Hormone extraction was proportional to the volume of blood removed and correlated with the amount of TBG extracted. Compared with the estimated total plasma content, the percentage of unbound T4 extracted was superior to that of total T4, which suggests release of free hormones from the intracellular compartment. Repeated PE in the same patient resulted in a transient decrease in T4 without changes in TSH. These results indicate that PE constitutes a fast, simple and effective means of removing thyroid hormones in all emergencies related to thyrotoxicosis. The fact that TSH levels remain stable after PE shows that the thyroid balance in euthyroid subjects is unaffected by this method. PMID- 6219359 TI - [Influence of chronic alcoholism on plasma 25-hydroxycholecalciferol levels]. AB - In order to evaluate the influence of chronic alcoholism on vitamin D metabolism, plasma 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25-OHD) concentrations were measured during winter-time in alcoholic patients with cirrhosis (n = 9) or steatosis (n = 5) and in nonalcoholic patients with cirrhosis (n = 8) or without liver disease (n = 10). Low levels of 25-OHD were found in 91% of the whole population studied. After oral administration of vitamin D 2600000 units, the increase in 25-OHD observed was less pronounced in patients with cirrhosis, but was similar in alcoholic and non-alcoholic patients. The study indicates that chronic alcoholism is not responsible for the 25-OHD deficiency. PMID- 6219360 TI - [Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of the iliac arteries. Immediate and long term results]. AB - Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) was performed 30 times in 28 patients aged from 31 to 77 years (mean: 50.8 years) with stenosis of the iliac arteries. All patients were evaluated before and immediately after PTA by measuring the trans-stenotic pressure gradient and the degree of angiographic stenosis (grade 1 less than or equal to 50%; grade 2 = 50 to less than 75% and grade 3 greater than or equal to 75%). Prior to PTA 27 patients had grade 3 and three patients had grade 2 stenosis. The figures after PTA were 23 grade 1 and seven grade 2 stenosis. The mean trans-stenotic pressure gradient was reduced from 43 +/- 35 to 2.3 +/- 5.9 mmHg, the difference being highly significant (p less than 0.001). Eighteen patients were evaluated clinically and angiographically 8.4 +/- 6.1 months after PTA. Considerable clinical improvement was observed in 15, and 16 had a residual stenosis of less than 50%. PTA therefore appears to be a satisfactory treatment of stenosis of the iliac arteries. The long-term results can be assessed by graded intravenous angiography without any risk of damage to the arteries. PMID- 6219361 TI - [Acute anuric hemolysis caused by antiajmaline antibodies]. AB - In a 32-year old woman under ajmaline therapy for cardiac arrhythmia, a sudden episode of acute haemolytic anaemia and renal failure led to the identification of a potent agglutinating, haemolysing and lymphocytotoxic antibody specific to ajmaline and cross-reacting with quinine and quinidine. The immunological features of the antibody and the pathophysiological mechanism of blood cell destruction are presented, together with a brief synopsis of drugs incriminated so far in the induction of specific antibody formation and immune haemolytic anaemia. PMID- 6219362 TI - [Controlled trial of flurbiprofen (platelet anti-aggregant) in the secondary prevention of atherosclerotic cerebral infarcts]. PMID- 6219363 TI - [Floating-head thrombus of the suprarenal vena cava. Surgical extraction with extracorporeal circulation]. PMID- 6219364 TI - [Extracorporeal circulation in an hemophiliac]. PMID- 6219365 TI - [Alpha-L-fucosidase. A new marker of primary liver cancer?]. PMID- 6219366 TI - [The bone of the cirrhotic patient. Relation between bone mass and blood testosterone]. PMID- 6219368 TI - [Renal cancer spread to the inferior vena cava]. PMID- 6219367 TI - [Diagnosis of the allergic origin of a drug complication. Basophil numeration]. PMID- 6219369 TI - [Chemoprevention with intravenous doxycycline in 40 cases of colonic esophagoplasty]. AB - Doxycycline was used to prevent infection in 40 patients undergoing oesophageal surgery (for carcinoma in 35 and for benign lesions in 5). Treatment began with induction of anaesthesia and continued in doses of at least 200 mg/day for a mean period of 10 days. Concentrations of the antibiotic were measured in the serum and colonic tissue of 20 patients, 2 hours on average after the first injection. Mean serum and tissue levels were 4.1 +/- 0.8 mcg.ml-1 and 2.9 +/- mcg.ml-1 respectively, with a tissue to serum ratio of 0.7. This ratio remained practically unchanged between the first and fourth hours post-injection. Doxycycline was successful in preventing post-operative infection in 75% of the cases. No infection due to anaerobic organisms was observed. PMID- 6219370 TI - [Peripheral distribution of lymphocyte subpopulations in Basedow's disease. Decrease in suppressor T-lymphocytes]. AB - The distribution of B- and T-lymphocyte subpopulations was studied in peripheral blood of 45 patients with untreated Graves' disease and 45 sex- and age-matched healthy controls. Blood samples were taken at the same hour in all subjects. The following tests were performed: HTLA and E (AET) for relative T-lymphocyte count, complement receptor (EAC) and surface immunoglobulins (IgS, IgG, IgM, IgA, kappa, lambda) for relative B-lymphocyte count. In 23 subjects of each group the subpopulations of T-lymphocytes were defined by their reactivity with monoclonal antibodies OKT8 (T-suppressor cells) and OKT4 (T-helper cells). Compared with the control group, patients with Graves' disease showed a decrease in the number of T lymphocytes (HTLA: P less than 0.05: EAET: P less than 0.001) a decrease in T suppressor cells (P less than 0.01), and no significant difference in B lymphocytes and T-helper cells. Thus, the main lymphocyte characteristic in Graves' disease is a decrease in the relative value of T-cells, specifically affecting T-suppressor cells. PMID- 6219371 TI - [Solitary fibrous tumors of the visceral pleura. 5 cases]. AB - Five new cases of solitary fibrous mesothelioma of the visceral pleura support this review of the literature. Well encapsulated and usually pediculated, these tumours remain asymptomatic for a long time and are in most cases an incidental finding on radiographs of the chest. The precise site of the tumour can be identified by artificial pneumothorax. Some large tumours are accompanied by extrathoracic signs, i.e. hypoglycemia and hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy. Histological examination discloses whorls of collagen fibres with scattered spindle-shaped cells. Electron microscopy reveals characteristic features of both fibroblasts and mesothelial cells. Complete surgical removal is the best treatment of localized fibrous mesotheliomas of the visceral pleura. Post-surgical recurrences are rare, and late recurrences (up to 16 years after excision) are usually benign and of good prognosis. PMID- 6219372 TI - [Cardiac prosthesis]. AB - It has been demonstrated an intrathoracic artificial heart with membrane pump delivering a pulsed flow and connected with an extracorporeal source of energy can keep a cardiotomized animal alive for several months without biological organic disturbances. The next experimental step would be intrathoracic implantation in man of a similar heart with an energy converter connected to an extracorporeal source giving the patient a 6-8 hour period of autonomy. At rest or during the night the batteries attached to the patient's waist would easily be recharged. Current research concentrates on reduction of artificial heart volume and miniaturization of the energy converter and regulatory electronic circuits. Kinetic pumps, which are small and without valvular prosthesis facilitate miniaturization. They deliver a high-speed continuous flow and have not yet been shown in long-term experiments to be free from biological disturbances. The clinical phase of stage II artificial hearts, due to begin in 1990, will be preceded by attempts at implanting hearts animated by an extracorporeal source of energy, pending cardiac replacement. PMID- 6219373 TI - [Treatment of epithelial tumors of the ovary. Value of 2-stage surgery]. AB - A strategy for the treatment of epithelial tumours of the ovary including two surgical operations is presented. The purpose of the first laparotomy is twofold: the extent of the lesions is accurately determined, and the tumour is excised as widely as possible. Another systematic ("second look") laparotomy enables the surgeon to evaluate the effectiveness of chemotherapy and to complete the tumoral excision if needed. Depending on the findings, supplementary total pelvic abdominal radiotherapy (20 Gy) may be undertaken. PMID- 6219374 TI - [Neonatal thrombopenia caused by antiplatelet alloimmunization. Management]. PMID- 6219375 TI - [Nephrotoxicity of high-dose melphalan]. PMID- 6219376 TI - [Myeloma with 2 monoclonal immunoglobulins. 10-year development]. PMID- 6219377 TI - [Sinus bradycardia and sinoauricular block induced by carbamazepine]. PMID- 6219378 TI - [Lichenoid eruption induced by captopril]. PMID- 6219379 TI - [Metastasized breast cancer. Research on the correlation between vitamin A, retinol-binding protein and zinc values and the response to chemotherapy]. PMID- 6219380 TI - [Buflomedil in the patient with renal insufficiency]. PMID- 6219381 TI - [Spontaneous bilateral chylothorax. Cure by a single puncture]. PMID- 6219382 TI - [Association of cancer and sarcoidosis]. PMID- 6219383 TI - [Angina attacks without changes in the electrocardiogram. Thoughts on a recently proposed new entity]. PMID- 6219384 TI - [Incidence of severe thrombopenia during heparin treatment]. PMID- 6219385 TI - [Centralized control for the formation and modification of dispensary care populations]. PMID- 6219386 TI - [Five-year experience with the use of an automatic system of recording patient populations in tuberculosis facilities in the Kazakh SSR]. PMID- 6219387 TI - Isolation of a developmental gene of Bacillus subtilis and its expression in Escherichia coli. AB - Glucose dehydrogenase of Bacillus subtilis is a developmental enzyme that is not found in growing (vegetative) cells but is synthesized after the differentiation process that leads to the production of endospores has started. We have isolated the gene coding for this enzyme from a lambda Charon 4A phage library of B. subtilis DNA. It is transcribed and translated in vegetative cells of the nondifferentiating organism Escherichia coli into enzymatically active glucose dehydrogenase that has the same physicochemical properties as the enzyme produced in B. subtilis during sporulation. Subcloning of the lambda DNA insert into pBR322 plasmid derivatives showed that the glucose dehydrogenase gene was transcribed in E. coli from a promoter within the B. subtilis genome. PMID- 6219388 TI - DNase I sensitivity of transcriptionally active genes in intact nuclei and isolated chromatin of plants. AB - We have investigated the DNase I sensitivity of transcriptionally active DNA sequences in intact nuclei and isolated chromatin from embryos of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Nuclei or isolated chromatin was incubated with DNase I, and the extent of DNA digestion was monitored as percentage acid solubility. The resistant DNA and DNA from sham-digested controls were used to drive reassociation reactions with cDNA populations corresponding to either total poly(A)+RNA from unimbibed wheat embryos or polysomal poly(A)+RNA from embryos that had imbibed for 3 hr. Sequences complementary to either probe were depleted in DNase I-resistant DNA from nuclei and from chromatin isolated under low-ionic strength conditions. This indicates that transcriptionally active sequences are preferentially DNase I sensitive in plants. In chromatin isolated at higher ionic strength, cDNA complementary sequences were not preferentially depleted by DNase I treatment. Therefore, the chromatin structure that confers preferential DNase I sensitivity to transcriptionally active genes appears to be lost when the higher ionic-strength method of preparation is used. Treatment of wheat nuclei with DNase I causes the release of four prominent nonhistone chromosomal proteins that comigrate with wheat high mobility group proteins on NaDodSO4 gels. PMID- 6219389 TI - Efficient isolation of genes by using antibody probes. AB - A sensitive and general technique has been devised for the dual purposes of cloning genes by using antibodies as probes and isolating unknown proteins encoded by cloned DNA. The method uses an expression vector, lambda gt11 (lac5 nin5 cI857 S100), that permits insertion of foreign DNA into the beta galactosidase structural gene lacZ and promotes synthesis of hybrid proteins. Efficient screening of antigen-producing clones in lambda gt11 recombinant cDNA libraries is achieved through lysogeny of the phage library in hflA (high frequency lysogeny) mutant cells of Escherichia coli; lysogens produce detectable quantities of antigen on induction, even when plated at high cell densities. The vector is also designed to facilitate the isolation of proteins specified by previously cloned gene sequences. Hybrid proteins encoded by recombinant phage accumulate in strains defective in protein degradation (lon mutants) in amounts amenable to large-scale purification. Antibodies produced against the portion of the hybrid encoded by foreign DNA could in turn be used to isolate the native polypeptide from eukaryotic cells. PMID- 6219390 TI - Macrophage membrane potential changes associated with gamma 2b/gamma 1 Fc receptor-ligand binding. AB - We have studied the effects of specific ligands of the receptor for the IgG Fc fragment (FcR) on the membrane potential (delta psi) of the macrophage cell line J774 by the [3H]tetraphenylphosphonium ion equilibration technique. We observe a membrane depolarization with binding of FcR ligands that is dependent on the degree of receptor crosslinking. Binding of the FcR by monovalent ligands is not sufficient to induce a significant drop in delta psi, but a sustained depolarization lasting approximately equal to 20 min occurs with insoluble multivalent ligands. This FcR-mediated depolarization can be inhibited by substitution of Na+ from the cell incubation medium with monovalent choline cation, indicating that depolarization is due to Na+ influx into the cell. The extracellular Ca2+ does not play a significant role in membrane depolarization. The depolarization response is not triggered by monoclonal antibodies directed against three other major macrophage surface antigens. The cell depolarization mediated by FcR ligands is followed by a prolonged hyperpolarization that can be partially blocked by ouabain and quinine, indicating that the hyperpolarization response is a result of a combination of a Na+,K+-ATPase activity and a Ca2+ activated K+ conductance. These data support our hypothesis that the mouse macrophage IgG FcR is a ligand-dependent ion channel. PMID- 6219391 TI - Adaptive significance of differences in the tissue-specific expression of a phosphoglucomutase gene in rainbow trout. AB - We have investigated the phenotypic effects of a mutant allele that results in the expression of a phosphoglucomutase locus (Pgm1) in the liver of rainbow trout. Embryos with liver Pgm1 expression hatch earlier than embryos without liver Pgm1 expression. These differences apparently result from increased flux through glycolysis in embryos with liver PGM1 activity while they are dependent on the yolk for energy. Fish with liver PGM1 activity are also more developmentally buffered, as indicated by less fluctuating asymmetry of five bilateral meristic traits. The more rapidly developing individuals begin exogenous feeding earlier and achieve a size advantage that is maintained until sexual maturity. This size advantage produces a significant tendency for earlier age of sexual maturity. These results show that different genotypes at this regulatory gene result in important phenotypic differences that are likely to be of important adaptive significance. PMID- 6219392 TI - Indirect stimulation of genetic recombination. AB - Recombination between lacZ alleles in crosses of lambdalacZ(1) (-) x lambdalacZ(2) (-) and F(-)lacZ(1) (-) x lambdalacZ(2) (-) in Escherichia coli (lambda) can be stimulated manyfold by UV irradiation of one of the lambdalacZ phages [Porter, R. D., McLaughlin, T. & Low, B. (1979) Cold Spring Harbor Symp. Quant. Biol. 43, 1043-1048]. Analogous stimulation has now been observed by coinfection of the cells by UV-irradiated lambda phage which carries no lac region. This indirect stimulation is not dependent on induction of the SOS system. The bacterial uvr system can effectively remove the damages on the lambda DNA which cause the indirect stimulation. Among a number of mutations tested, only ssb-1 was found to cause a drastic decrease in the indirect stimulation. Indirect stimulation was caused only by using phage that had a region of homology with the recombining phage. The homologous region can be separated from the recombining region by an extended nonhomologous region (>7.9 x 10(3) base pairs). This implies that damages to the DNA molecule, which stimulate recombination, can be located very far from the recombining region of the molecule. PMID- 6219393 TI - Regulation of differentiated cell-specific functions. AB - The demand theory of gene regulation predicts that regulated cell-specific functions in high demand (i.e., high level of gene expression frequently required) are under the influence of a positive regulatory element whereas those in low demand (i.e., high level of gene expression not frequently required) are under the influence of a negative regulatory element. Furthermore, during differentiation, when the demand regimen for cell-specific functions changes, a switch in the regulatory mechanism itself is predicted. For the case in which a function is regulated in both demand regimens, the mode of regulation will switch from positive (high demand) to negative (low demand) or vice versa. These predictions are compared with published experimental evidence and found to be in good agreement. PMID- 6219394 TI - Use of anti-idiotype immunosorbents to isolate circulating antigen-specific T cell-derived molecules from hyperimmune sera. AB - We immunized four different sheep with antigen-binding material found in the serum of BALB/c mice 4 days after primary immunization with sheep erythrocytes (SRBC). The resultant antibodies made by the sheep contained a specificity(ies) that appeared to react with a dominant idiotype present on SRBC-specific Lyt-2+ T cells. The antiserum made by the sheep markedly inhibited the formation of antigen-specific rosettes by SRBC educated T cells but did not inhibit T cells educated to other heterologous erythrocytes from forming crossreacting rosettes with SRBC or specific rosettes with the homologous erythrocytes. The "anti-Id serum" was depleted of all activity against known immunoglobulin isotypes and light chains and then was used to isolate antigen-binding molecules from mice that were hyperimmunized with SRBC. The ShId+ material so isolated could be divided into two main groups--one that expressed immunoglobulin determinants, and one that did not. The former represented 15-25% of the ShId+ protein isolated and comprised a minority of the anti-SRBC antibody in the anti-SRBC serum; the latter group of proteins bound sheep glycophorin specifically and expressed constant region determinants found on a number of other antigen-specific T cell factors. These experiments suggest that antigen-binding molecules made by T cells display much less heterogeneity than do antibodies and also show that the serum of hyperimmune mice contains significant amounts of T cell-derived antigen-specific immunoregulatory molecules. PMID- 6219396 TI - Effect of cell function inhibitors on photochemical activity of scenedesmus in the course of its cell cycle. PMID- 6219395 TI - Inhibition of mammary tumor growth in rats and mice by administration of agonistic and antagonistic analogs of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone. AB - Experiments were undertaken with estrogen-dependent mammary carcinomas in rats and mice to determine the antitumor activities of agonistic and antagonistic analogs of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH). Chronic administration of the agonist [D-Trp6]LH-RH or of antagonist 1 ( [NAc-D-p-Cl-Phe1,2-Phe3,D-Arg6 D-Ala10]LH-RH) at doses of 25 and 50 micrograms/day, respectively, for 21 days to mice bearing the MXT mammary carcinoma significantly decreased tumor weight and volume. The weight of the ovaries and serum progesterone levels in mice treated with [D-Trp6]LH-RH or antagonist 1 were also significantly reduced. In rats bearing the MT/W9A mammary adenocarcinoma, chronic administration of [D-Trp6]LH RH at a dose of 25 micrograms twice a day or of antagonist 2 ( [NAc-D-p-Cl Phe1,2,D-Trp3,D-Arg6,D-Ala10]LH-RH) at a dose of 50 micrograms twice a day for 28 days significantly decreased tumor weight and volume. Chronic treatment with either [D-Trp6]LH-RH or antagonist 2 markedly diminished the weight of the ovaries and serum levels of both estrogen and progesterone. Serum luteinizing hormone was significantly decreased in rats treated with antagonist 2 but not in rats treated with [D-Trp6]LH-RH. There was a significant drop in serum prolactin levels in rats treated with [D-Trp6]LH-RH but not in those receiving antagonist 2. Regression of mammary tumors in rats and mice in response to chronic administration of [D-Trp6]LH-RH and the two antagonistic analogs of LH-RH suggests that these compounds should be considered for the development of a new hormone therapy for breast cancer in women. PMID- 6219397 TI - Osmoenzymology: the study of molecular machines. PMID- 6219398 TI - Chemical approach to the structure and functioning of the H+-linked ATPases. Exploration of binding sites for natural ligands on the F1 -ATPases by photoaffinity labeling. PMID- 6219399 TI - Workshop on aging and genetics. PMID- 6219400 TI - Down syndrome: current stage of cytogenetic epidemiology. PMID- 6219401 TI - Enzyme therapy in lysosomal storage diseases: current approaches. PMID- 6219402 TI - The polycystic ovary syndrome and experimental models for the study of its pathogenesis. PMID- 6219403 TI - Effect of increased abdominal muscle strength on forced vital capacity and forced expiratory volume. AB - The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of increased abdominal muscle strength on forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1). Twenty-five healthy volunteers were assigned randomly to either an experimental group (n = 16) or a control group (n = 9). Peak isokinetic torque of the abdominal muscles during the performance of a trunk curl-up, FVC, and FEV1 were measured before and after a 12-session training program designed to increase abdominal muscle strength. The control group did not train. Although abdominal muscle strength increased significantly after the training program, FVC and FEV1 did not increase significantly. The correlations between abdominal muscle strength and FVC, and between abdominal muscle strength and FEV1 were low. Based on these results, abdominal muscle strengthening does not appear to be an effective means of improving FVC and FEV1 in healthy subjects. PMID- 6219404 TI - Octant vectorcardiography and automatic diagnosis of coronary artery disease. AB - Octant vectorcardiography is based on two new principles--octants and peaks (Laufberger 1980, 1981, 1982). The octants divide the cardioelectrical space into eight parts. The peaks are characterized by the maxima of six sets recorded and printed by a computer. Special characteristics may be determined for the diagnosis of coronary artery disease, namely reversed rotation, the appearance of the fifth octant and successively deteriorating findings of the octant vectorcardiography examination. Electronic equipment was constructed providing automatic display of octants and peaks. From the results the state of the coronary artery disease can be stated immediately. PMID- 6219405 TI - Aminoglutethimide, an inhibitor of adrenal steroidogenesis, blocks heart growth after ligation of the abdominal aorta and in hyperthyroidism in rats. AB - With reference to the indirect evidence showing that heart growth in the presence of a cardiac overload is modulated by the adrenal cortex, we studied heart reactions to overloading (ligation of the abdominal aorta or hyperthyroidism) with simultaneous administration of aminoglutethimide, an inhibitor of steroidogenesis. Aminoglutethimide (Elipten CIBA, 0.5% in the diet) markedly inhibited the growth reaction of the heart 14 days after ligation of the abdominal aorta (reducing the aortal blood flow to about 40%) or after the administration of dried thyroid (Thyreoidin SPOFA, 0.2% in the diet). The effect of aminoglutethimide is evidently not due to its simultaneous antithyroid action, because methylthiouracil (Alkiron SPOFA, 0.2% in the diet) did not limit heart growth after ligation of the abdominal aorta, despite its having a stronger goitrogenic effect than aminoglutethimide. The results are a further contribution to the series of indirect evidence of the modulating effect of the adrenal cortex on heart growth. PMID- 6219406 TI - Visual evoked responses to reversal stimulation in the upper and lower half of the central part of the visual field in man. AB - Differences in visual evoked responses (VER) to three types of stimuli were studied in 70 volunteers, using checkerboard pattern reversal stimulation--a circular target in the central part of the visual field (VF) and stimuli composed of either the upper or the lower half of the circle. The responses to semicircular stimulation displayed great variability (latency shifts, reverse polarity, absence of a response), particularly to the upper half of the circle, where the amplitude of the responses was significantly smaller and their latency longer than in lower semicircle and whole circle stimulation. PMID- 6219408 TI - Dynamic and steady state characteristics of the rabbit gastrocnemius muscle determined in series measurements. AB - 1. Within the range of the given conditions of measuring static and dynamic properties of the rabbit gastrocnemius muscle the following results were obtained: a) the dependence of the maxima of isotonic shortening upon the relative length of the muscle at constant load is linear; b) the parameters of the non-linear dependence of the passive elastic force of the muscle upon its relative length (measured in series) were identified using asymptotic regression; c) the time course of isotonic contractions (at an interval from 0 to 0.3 s after the beginning of stimulation) could be satisfactorily approximated by responses of a linear system to a step-function; d) the time course of isometric contractions (at an interval from 0 to 0.3 s after the beginning of stimulation) could be closely approximated by responses of a linear system to a step-function. 2. The time constants of isotonic and isometric contractions were determined as the parameters of the corresponding linear systems. 3. The maximum rates of the isometric and isotonic contractions were determined as maxima of the first derivatives of the responses of the corresponding models. 4. The experimental set up made it possible to compare the values of the parameters concomitantly followed at various muscle lengths and at various loads. PMID- 6219407 TI - Renal function in brain dead patients with respect to transplantation. AB - We examined the renal function in 18 brain dead patients 2-0 h before removing the kidneys and 72 h after their transplantation to the recipient. The kidneys were preserved by simple hypothermia. In brain dead patients we found no demonstrable relationships between PCr and CCr or between Purea and CCr. At this time the Purea and PCr values are not a sufficiently accurate indicator of renal function. We also examined the plasma and urinary concentrations of Na, K, urea and osmotically active substances and calculated their excretion fractions. We found that, prior to removal, the kidneys were in a state of combined osmotic and water diuresis. The osmotic diuresis was chiefly of a non-sodium type and was produced by a mannitol load. Water diuresis was evidently caused by inhibition of ADH output consequent to brain hypoxia. We also investigated the relationship between the CCr values before nephrectomy and in the early posttransplantation phase. We found that there was a relationship between the recipient's CCr values in the early posttransplantation period and donor's CCr/total ischaemic time index. Calculation of this index can be valuable, especially in high risk transplantations. PMID- 6219409 TI - The role of oxidative cross-link stabilization in increased collagen polymerization in food deprived rats. AB - It was demonstrated that 50% food restriction for a period of two years causes a considerable increase in gamma-chain polymers of rat skin collagen. The polymerization reaction occurs in both main skin collagen types, e.g. collagen type I and III. Concomitantly increased amounts of alpha-aminoadipic acid were found in preparations of food deprived rats as compared to the controls. It appears that this unusual amino acid arises from the oxidative stabilization of dehydro hydroxylysinonorleucine, the main intermolecular collagen cross-link present in the skin. It is suggested that the degree of polymerization of skin collagen in fasted animals is the result of reutilization of more soluble collagen forms. PMID- 6219410 TI - Determination of the optimum proportion of saccharides in the diet of weanling rats. PMID- 6219411 TI - Changes in the cholesterol content of high-density plasma lipoproteins in guinea pigs in the presence of a raised exogenous cholesterol intake and different degrees of vitamin C saturation. AB - The cholesterol content of the high-density plasma lipoproteins (d over 1.1 g.cm 3) of guinea-pigs with experimental vitamin C deficiency, followed by realimentation with suboptimal (1 mg/animal per day) or optimal (10 mg/animal per day) doses of L-ascorbic acid for 6-9 weeks in the continued presence of an elevated alimentary cholesterol intake (0.5 g/kg diet), did not exceed 5% of the total plasma cholesterol concentration and did not alter significantly with changes in the degree of vitamin C saturation of the organism. The maximum total body tissue cholesterol concentrations were found in C-deficient guinea-pigs (plasma, adrenals) and in the group with partial vitamin C deficiency (liver, brain); the lowest values were found in the group whose organism was fully saturated with vitamin C. Under conditions of a raised cholesterol intake, ascorbic acid stimulated its elimination from the organism, but did not affect the proportion of plasma cholesterol bound in high-density lipoproteins. PMID- 6219412 TI - Artificial induction of lactation in dry cows. AB - Oestradiol, progesterone, cortisol and reserpine were utilized in treatment regimes for hormonal induction of lactation in dry nonpregnant cows with previous reproductive failures. Lactations were successfully induced in 44 out of 55 cows. The udders of cows in which lactation had been induced successfully were visibly enlarged after 7 days of oestradiol-progesterone treatment on experimental day 8 14 and hence before the administration of cortisol (day 18, 19 and 20). It was concluded that addition of cortisol to oestradiol-progesterone treatment does not improve the success rate of hormonal induction of lactation. The addition of reserpine to oestradiol-progesterone treatment improved the success rate of hormonal induction of lactation. The reduction of oestradiol-17 beta dosage from 60 mg to 30-40 mg day-1 with progesterone at 150 or 200 mg day-1 for the initial 7 days increased both milk yield and the success rate of the hormonal induction of lactation and eliminated pelvic fractures and excessive oestrous activity in treated cows. PMID- 6219413 TI - Silver-containing ceruloplasmin without polyphenol oxidase activity in rat serum. PMID- 6219414 TI - A procedure for the isolation of an inhibitor of sodium transport from the urine of uraemic patients. PMID- 6219415 TI - Reconstruction of the abdominal wall by variations of the tensor fasciae latae flap. PMID- 6219416 TI - Birth order and maternal age effect in dementia of the Alzheimer type. AB - Birth order and maternal age were unrelated to dementia of the Alzheimer type (DAT) in a study of 42 probands with clinically diagnosed DAT and 42 age-matched control subjects. Mean birth order in both groups did not differ significantly from the general population. The mean maternal age for the DAT probands was neither significantly different from that for the controls nor from that for the 1920 U.S. Caucasian population. Since the diagnostic criteria for the DAT group were only clinical, an additional 14 probands with DAT confirmed by autopsy were studied. Mean maternal age did not differ significantly in this group from the controls, the general population, or the clinically diagnosed DAT group. It was concluded that maternal age and birth order bear no special relationship to DAT in this sample. PMID- 6219417 TI - Coding and analysis of spontaneously reported symptoms in clinical trials. PMID- 6219418 TI - Dermatologic disorders. PMID- 6219419 TI - A study of underreporting of Down's syndrome on birth certificates in an Ohio County, 1970-78. AB - In a previous statewide assessment in Ohio of the percentage reporting of Down's syndrome (DS) on birth certificates, it was found that 33.9 percent of the cases chromosomally analyzed were so recorded. The objectives of this study were to gain a greater understanding of the basis of this low reporting percentage by concentrating on Hamilton County births only, to compare these percentages among hospitals in the county, and to determine the commonality of their causes. Since it was anticipated that both a thorough search of hospital records and access to chromosome analysis records would provide essentially complete ascertainment of DS births in the county during 1970-78, the data were also used to test the validity of chromosome analysis as a sampling procedure in estimating the total number of DS births by means of the Lincoln-Peterson capturerecapture method.The percentage of reporting of DS on the birth certificates by hospital ranged from 0.0 to 57.1, with a mean of 26.0 for the 6 hospitals within the county. Although variation among some hospitals was statistically significant, three of the six hospitals had zero percent reporting. The explanation for these low reporting percentages was fundamentally similar for all hospitals-a communications flow problem, produced by poor timing and use of the wrong sources of available information. The only data typically available to the birth certificate clerk were derived from the labor and delivery sheet, the form with the worst reporting percentage of DS of any in the medical record. On the other hand, by the time of discharge, 92.5 percent of the cases had either been definitely diagnosed as DS and were recorded on the face sheet or were entered as "chromosome analysis pending" in the file.The use of the chromosome analysis data gave an estimate of total DS births (N = 201 +/- 34) statistically consistent with the total observed, thereby providing support for this estimation procedure. Annual incidence rates for DS were also calculated for 1970-78, with a total incidence rate for the 9-year period of 1.14 per 1,000 live births. PMID- 6219420 TI - Low back pain & sciatica. PMID- 6219421 TI - Discoloration of composite resins due to manipulation with hand instruments. PMID- 6219422 TI - Three-phase radionuclide scintigraphy of the hand. AB - Three-phase radionuclide scintigraphy of the hand was performed on 116 patients. Normal and abnormal patterns for radionuclide angiography, immediate post injection blood-pool images, and delayed scans (3-4 hr.) were established. Of 80 patients with normal circulation, 61 (76%) had equal radial and ulnar artery flow bilaterally, while in 19 (24%) either the radial or ulnar artery was dominant. Abnormal studies were grouped into three categories: suspected vascular lesions (Group I), pain of uncertain etiology (Group II), and patients evaluated before and after reconstructive surgery (Group III). The diagnosis was correct in 89% of the patients in Group I (34/38), 89% of those in Group II (57/64), and all of those in Group III (14/14). Three-phase scintigraphy of the hand yields significant information about perfusion and bone metabolism. PMID- 6219423 TI - The effect of irradiation in the therapeutic dose range on vascular-graft material. AB - Samples of Dacron and Teflon tubing that were obtained from unused vascular-graft remnants were irradiated with 1000 to 8000 rad (10 to 80 Gy) and compared in tensile strength and elongation with unirradiated specimens. No significant difference in these parameters was found. These levels of single-dose irradiation may be assumed to be similar to those used in fractionated irradiation of human malignant neoplasms. Therefore, it can be concluded that irradiation at clinical dose ranges does not affect the tensile strength and elongation of vascular graft material. Polyethylene tubing, on the other hand, is strengthened to a minor degree by single dose irradiation with 1000 to 8000 rad (10 to 80 Gy). PMID- 6219424 TI - Feasibility of gated single-photon emission transaxial tomography of the cardiac blood pool. AB - A procedure for gated single-photon emission transaxial tomography of the cardiac blood pool using a commercially available rotating camera and a computer is described. During image acquisition, the end-diastolic and end-systolic frames are retained after each of the 16 angular steps of the rotation of the camera around the anterior side of the patient's chest. Complete acquisition takes 25 minutes; 10 more minutes are required for the reconstruction and processing of the sections. One set of images is oriented transaxially; the other set includes vertical sections obtained by rotation around a vertical axis passing through the center of the left ventricular cavity. Results from the planar and tomographic examinations were in good agreement for most of the 18 patients who underwent both studies, although more inferior abnormalities were detected with tomography. PMID- 6219426 TI - A simple mechanical device for inflation of dilating balloons. PMID- 6219425 TI - Comparison of bone scan and radiograph sensitivity in the detection of steroid induced ischemic necrosis of bone. AB - A prospective study of bone scanning for detection of ischemic necrosis of bone (INB) was performed in 36 patients (97% female, age range 16-36 yrs.) with systemic lupus erythematosis (SLE). Since the hips, knees, and shoulders are usually affected by INB in patients with SLE, 300 K converging collimator images of these joints were obtained on film and in digital format 2 to 3 hours after the injection of 20 mCi (740 MBq) of Tc-99m methylene diphosphonate. All patients underwent radiography of the joints, and 10 had intraosseous pressure determinations in the marrow space of affected joints (n = 31) for independent assessment of INB. Scans showed abnormally increased joint activity in 28 of the 36 patients. A total of 97 joints showed abnormalities, 19% in the hips, 34% in the knees, and 47% in the shoulders. Twenty-four of 27 joints with elevated bone marrow pressure (BMP) had abnormal scans (sensitivity = 89%), and scans were abnormal in 2 of 4 joints with normal pressures (specificity = 50%). The positive predictive value of the scans compared with BMP measurements was 92% (24/26). Eleven of 27 joints with abnormal BMP had abnormal radiographs, a sensitivity of 41%. PMID- 6219427 TI - Clinical responsibility in interventional radiology. AB - The growing use of interventional radiologic techniques signals a need to redefine the radiologist's role in patient management. Radiologists must decide whether they want to participate more fully in clinical matters such as patient selection and follow-up care. The authors suggest that further development in the field will be slowed if radiologists do not take a more active clinical role. Training standards in radiology must also reflect the evolving role of the radiologist. PMID- 6219429 TI - Hospital liability for agency nurses: supplemental staffing. Case in point: Vaughn v. Baton Rouge General Hosp. (421 So. 2d 188 - LA). PMID- 6219428 TI - Outpatient transluminal angioplasty. AB - The treatment of 81 consecutive patients with transluminal angioplasty on an outpatient basis did not result in increased morbidity or mortality or delayed complications. The patients were treated in the emergency department observation area for four hours after angioplasty and were then allowed to slowly resume normal activities over the next 48 hours. The authors conclude that outpatient angioplasty is safe in a controlled setting and is cost effective since hospitalization is not required. PMID- 6219430 TI - B-50 protein kinase and kinase C in rat brain. PMID- 6219431 TI - Para-chlorophenylethylamine in brains of rats treated with a monoamine oxidase inhibitor and p-chlorophenylalanine. AB - 1. The accumulation of p-chlorophenylethylamine (pCPE) in rat brain after administration of pargyline plus p-chlorophenylalanine (pCPA) is demonstrated. 2. Measurements of pCPE in brain were performed at 0.25 h, 1 h and 4 h after administration of pCPA to pargyline-pretreated rats, and amounts of pCPE were shown to increase with time. PMID- 6219432 TI - Cardiovascular and anticholinergic effects of zimelidine. AB - 1. Pentobarbital anaesthetized mongrel dogs on artificial respiration were instrumented for recording of cardiovascular parameters. 2. Zimelidine or tricyclic antidepressants (amitriptyline, clomipramine or desipramine) were given i.v. at a rate of 0.5 mg/kg/min. 3. Zimelidine caused a moderate decrease in mean arterial blood pressure and in peripheral resistance. These effects were not dose dependent. 4. The tricyclic antidepressants induced a dose dependent decrease in mean arterial blood pressure and dose dependent increases in left ventricular enddiastolic pressure and in right atrial pressure. 5. It is concluded that the tricyclics have direct effects on the heart. Zimelidine has negligible direct heart effects but decreases peripheral resistance. 6. Studies in rat brain homogenates indicated very low affinity of zimelidine to muscarinic receptors. 7. Studies in mice indicated no central or peripheral anticholinergic effects of zimelidine in contrast to the tricyclics. PMID- 6219433 TI - [Ca2+-ATPase of sarcoplasmic reticulum from skeletal muscle]. PMID- 6219434 TI - [Critical evaluation of the role of laparoscopy in liver diseases]. PMID- 6219435 TI - On the origins of negative attitudes toward people with disabilities. PMID- 6219436 TI - Media and disability. PMID- 6219437 TI - The importance of social imagery in interpreting societally devalued people to the public. PMID- 6219438 TI - Rehabilitation: its bright past and brilliant future. PMID- 6219439 TI - [Carnitine biosynthesis in mammals]. AB - The oxidation of long-chain fatty acids is carnitine-dependent; these fatty acids penetrate the mitochondrion to be oxidized only when they are bound to carnitine in the form of acyl-carnitines. To meet the need for carnitine, animals depend on both exogenous supplies and endogenous synthesis. The aim of the present paper is to review our knowledge of endogenous carnitine synthesis. The precursors of carnitine are lysine and methionine but its true point of origin is trimethyllysine. This molecule is either obtained from the diet or is synthesized in the body from L-lysine (bound to protein) which is methylated 3 consecutive times by an S-adenosyl-methionine. Trimethyllysine is transformed into hydroxy trimethyllysine, then into trimethylaminobutyraldehyde and finally into trimethylaminobutrate (or gamma-butyrobetaine). The gamma-butyrobetaine is hydroxylated into carnitine. This reaction chain only functions well when three vitamins--ascorbic acid, pyridoxin and niacin--are present. Studies on rat have shown that skeletal muscle, heart, intestines, testis, and especially kidneys, insure the transformation of trimethyllysine into gamma-butyrobetaine but that only the testis, and especially liver, can hydroxylate gamma-butyrobetaine into carnitine. However, in rat the relative importance of the kidneys and liver in total carnitine synthesis has not yet been determined. The situation is the same in man, although it has been proven that human brain and kidneys, as liver, have gamma-butyrobetaine hydroxylase. It is known that the rate of carnitine synthesis depends on three factors--the amount of trimethyllysine available, the rate of gamma-butyrobetaine transfer to tissue(s) hydroxylating it and gamma butyrobetaine hydroxylase activity. Moreover, it appears that carnitine synthesis is not slowed down by prolonged fasting, that it does not completely cover body needs during the first postnatal days, and that it does not decrease in two patients with systematic carnitine deficiency. PMID- 6219440 TI - Electromagnetic measurements of duodenal digesta flow in cannulated sheep. AB - Studies of duodenal digesta flow were made in sheep implanted with an electromagnetic flowmeter probe on the ascending and transverse duodenum and in sheep equipped in the ascending duodenum with a 'Y'-type or 'Ash'-type reentrant cannula or with a 'special simple' cannula. The flow of digesta was recorded between one week and 5 months after surgery. Patterns of the digesta flow through the individual systems of cannulation were compared with that of an implanted probe used as a reference. The order of similarity was Ash reentrant cannula less than Y reentrant cannula less than special simple cannula. The rate of digesta flow was similar for the probe, the Ash reentrant cannula with a one-way valve and the special simple cannula, but it was lower for the Y reentrant cannula due to frequent oscillation of the digesta. It was concluded that accurate quantitative electromagnetic measurements of duodenal digesta flow can now be performed in sheep fitted with the Ash-type reentrant cannula equipped with a one way valve. PMID- 6219441 TI - A reaction product from mercuric mercury, selenite and reduced glutathione. AB - Reaction of mercuric mercury and selenite in the presence of reduced glutathione (GSH) was studied. A black complex containing GSH and equimolar amounts of mercury and selenium was obtained by the reaction of sodium selenite and mercuric chloride in the presence of excess amounts of GSH. This complex was soluble in water, but insoluble in ethanol. Toxicity of the complex was very low in comparison with mercuric chloride or sodium selenite. Formation of such complex of lower toxicity in animals as described above may play an important role in the modification of toxicity of mercuric mercury by selenite. PMID- 6219442 TI - [Adhesion prophylaxis - a comparative experimental animal study]. AB - A number of 45 female rabbits were anesthetized, and intra-abdominal lesions were set at either of the uterine horns and the abdominal wall in a standardized technique. Before closure of the abdomen the collective--divided into three subgroups of 15 animals each--received i.p. one of the following pharmaca: Group I: solution of physiologic saline (control group) Group II: poly-1-vinyl-2 pyrollidon iodine complex Group III: streptokinase/streptodornase. Two weeks after the first operation a second laparotomy was performed, and the sites were inspected. The adhesions were examined and their quantity and quality documented. Statistical evaluation showed that groups I and II were significantly different from group III as to the extent and intensity of the adhesions. PMID- 6219443 TI - The haematological and cardiac patterns of adaptation of rabbits to 4,500 m simulated altitude and of readaptation to 400 m. AB - The haemoglobin (Hb), red blood cell count (RBC) and haematocrit (Hct) of 11 male rabbits were measured at weekly intervals during a 5-week exposure period to hypobaric hypoxia (simulated altitude, 4,500 m) and the following 4 weeks after restoring normoxic conditions in a climatic chamber at constant temperature. RBC showed the slowest response, Hct the fastest during adaptation to hypoxia and readaptation to normoxia. The body weight decreased during the 1st week at hypoxia and remained at a reduced level for 2 weeks after the return to normoxia. In female rabbits exposed up to 43 days to hypoxia the heart ventricle quotient (HVQ) (weights of left ventricle + septum/right ventricle) was determined. There was a gradual decrease of HVQ expressing the development of right heart hypertrophy which was not stabilised within the observation period. PMID- 6219444 TI - Exhausted platelets in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. AB - Experimental and clinical evidence has suggested that vasoconstrictor substances released from activated platelets could play a role in mediating the pulmonary hypertension of hypoxemic patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. In order to extend previous knowledge on platelet function in such patients, platelet production of malondialdehyde and plasma levels of beta-thromboglobulin were assayed in 12 patients before and after a short-term treatment with the platelet-inhibiting drug, dipyridamole. The impairment of platelet malondialdehyde generation concomitant with the increase of plasma levels of beta thromboglobulin suggests that in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, blood platelets undergo chronic overstimulation and become exhausted. Dipyridamole can antagonize this platelet activation and thus may prove useful in reducing the pulmonary hypertension of these patients. PMID- 6219445 TI - [Effect of plasma exchange on the course of Guillain-Barre syndromes. Apropos of 5 cases. Concomitant course of circulating immune complexes]. PMID- 6219446 TI - [Chronic aortic insufficiency: natural history of asymptomatic patients]. PMID- 6219447 TI - [Percutaneous coronary endoluminal dilatation in the treatment of angina]. PMID- 6219448 TI - [Dentistry and anticoagulant therapy. Tooth extraction: the prevention of hemorrhage]. PMID- 6219449 TI - [Cardiopathy and anesthesia in dentistry]. PMID- 6219450 TI - Multiple abnormalities in immunoregulatory function of synovial compartment T cells in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Recognition of a helper augmentation effect. AB - Analyses of the synovial tissue and fluid T lymphocytes obtained from patients with rheumatoid arthritis revealed multiple functional defects in the regulation of autologous blood B cell differentiation into cells secreting immunoglobulin. These abnormalities were not found in peripheral blood T lymphocytes from the same patients. Although the patients selected showed elevated levels of T cells expressing the T8 differentiation antigen as well as Ia antigens there was little demonstrable suppression of the blood B cell differentiation. Furthermore, the synovial T cells exhibited only minimal helper or inducer activity when tested in the same system. In contrast, patient's blood T lymphocytes gave levels of help and suppression that were not distinguishable from that of normal individuals. Co culture experiments of blood and synovial T lymphocytes did not reveal any evidence for enhanced suppression; indeed, in most patients these co-cultures resulted in marked augmentation of helper function, a phenomenon designated "helper augmentation". These data provide evidence that rheumatoid synovial lymphocytes are characterized by marked abnormalities in immunoregulatory T cell function, including divergence of cellular activity from the immune function predicted by surface phenotype and a capacity for "helper augmentation", a novel T cell function in man. PMID- 6219451 TI - The introduction of new esthetic materials in restorative dentistry. PMID- 6219452 TI - Dental management of the patient receiving radiation therapy for head and neck cancer. PMID- 6219453 TI - Alternative non-immune F(ab')2-mediated immunoglobulin binding to group C and G streptococci. AB - We tested 140 bacterial strains representing 19 different species for binding of purified radiolabelled F(ab')2 fragments prepared by pepsin digestion of polyclonal and monoclonal human IgG. Both polyclonal and monoclonal F(ab')2 fragments showed positive binding to group C and G streptococci with maximum uptake levels of 50% and 85%. Binding was obtained both with fresh bacteria and with organisms stabilized by heat treatment. F(ab')2 fragments of two human IgG1 myeloma proteins with anti-staphylolysin specificity showed a similar binding pattern. IgG present in normal human serum inhibited the uptake of F(ab')2 fragments, whereas albumin and fibrinogen and purified Fc fragments prepared by papain digestion of polyclonal IgG and monoclonal IgG1 did not show such capacity. Fourteen human myeloma proteins representing IgA, IgM and the four IgG subclasses were tested for inhibiting capacity. Reactivity was noted with at least one myeloma protein within each IgG subclass but not with IgA or with IgM monoclonal proteins. Normal rabbit serum was as inhibitory as normal human serum, whereas dog serum was less reactive. These data demonstrate that group C and G streptococci carry a heat-stable surface component interacting with the F(ab')2 portion of the IgG molecule. The results suggest that the reactive site on the immunoglobulin molecule may reside in the more constant part of the variable domain. This new reactivity is different from the previously known non-immune reaction involving the IgG Fc portion. This alternative non-immune reactivity is analogous to but distinct from the alternative protein A reaction in Staphylococcus aureus. PMID- 6219454 TI - In vitro effects of cyclosporin A on human B-cell responses. AB - The in vitro effects of cyclosporin A (CsA) on T-cell-dependent and T-cell independent mitogen responses of human B cells were studied. T-cell-dependent, pokeweed mitogen (PWM)-induced B-cell proliferation and B-cell differentiation to Ig-secreting cells were significantly inhibited by CsA, when purified B cells were cultured with T-cell helper factor containing supernatants instead of T cells. This indicates that the inhibitory effect of CsA on T-cell-dependent, PWM induced B-cell proliferation and differentiation is not exclusively due to direct effects on helper T cells. B-cell proliferations induced by anti-IgM antibodies and by Staphylococcus aureus bacteria were also found to be sensitive to CsA. Since both types of reactions are T-cell-independent, the concept that responses of human B cells can also be affected by CsA in ways that seem to be independent of the well-documented direct effects of CsA on T cells is further supported. This seems not to be a general phenomenon, however. Epstein-Barr-virus-induced activation of human B cells, as reported previously and also observed by us, is completely insensitive to CsA. It seems, therefore, that certain B-cell activation mechanisms are sensitive to CsA while others remain unaltered. The difference between these two reaction patterns cannot be exclusively explained by a T-cell dependence or T-cell independence of these responses. CsA effects on certain functional B-cell subsets or interference with accessory cell mechanisms might be responsible. PMID- 6219455 TI - Orchiectomy combined with cyproterone acetate or prednisone in the treatment of advanced prostatic carcinoma. A randomized clinical and endocrine study. AB - Thirty-four previously untreated patients with advanced prostatic carcinoma, histologically graded as being of intermediate differentiation, were randomized in three groups. All patients were treated with primary orchiectomy, group I was observed without additional therapy, group II treated with oral administration of prednisone and group III treated with cyproterone acetate per os. The clinical results with the combination orchiectomy and prednisone was encouraging both when initial and secondary remissions were considered. Cyproterone acetate treatment induced a highly significant raise in plasma prolactin, a fact which may explain the less favourable clinical results in this group. PMID- 6219456 TI - Calcium, magnesium, and zinc contents in organelles of prostatic origin in human seminal plasma. AB - Human seminal plasma contains organelles (granules and vesicles) of prostatic origin. A Mg2+- and Ca2+-dependent ATPase activity, associated with the membranes of the organelles, was determined and related to the contents of calcium, magnesium and zinc in the granules. The samples were obtained from total ejaculates of 42 men. Fourteen had normal spermiograms. Sperm-free, post vasectomy ejaculates were obtained in 12 cases. In 16 other men, 9 had sperm concentrations less than 40 X 10(6)/ml and 7 had asthenospermia and/or teratazoospermia. No statistically significant intergroup differences were found when the organelle contents of the metals were determined with flameless atomic absorption spectroscopy. In fractionated ejaculate specimens, the distribution of the metals was correlated to the organelles rather than to the amorphous substance also present in ejaculate. In comparison with the surrounding seminal plasma, an unambiguous enrichment of metals was obtained in the organelles. It is suggested that the organelles exert a regulatory function on spermatozoa by modulating in their microenvironment the concentration of divalent cations necessary for the spermatozoan motility. PMID- 6219457 TI - [HLA and Huntington chorea]. AB - Twenty-three patients with documented Huntington's Chorea were typed for 54 HLA antigens belonging to A, B and C loci. The control group was constituted by 124 healthy subjects of the same ethnic background. Patients and controls were typed with the same antisera. In this study no significant differences in the distribution of HLA antigens between the two groups were found. These data indicate that Huntington's Chorea is not associated with any of HLA antigens serologically determined. However, these findings do not exclude the possibility that other genes, whether or not related to MHC, could be responsible of the family inheritance of the disease. PMID- 6219458 TI - Progressive resistance exercise training of the hypotrophic quadriceps muscle in man. The effects on morphology, size and function as well as the influence of duration of effort. AB - The effects of progressive resistance exercise (PRE) training for 4 weeks on the hypotrophic quadriceps muscle were investigated in 23 young healthy male soccer players, who had been immobilized in a plaster cast 4-6 weeks after knee ligament injuries. The subjects were allocated to two training regimes where the injured leg was trained for periods of varying duration, whereas the intensity and frequency of exercise were alike in the two groups. However no significant differences were detected between the two training groups. In the whole material the lean thigh volume of the injured leg increased from 4.09 to 4.47 litres (p less than 0.001), whereas the fat component of the thigh was unchanged. The dynamic strength (1 RM) of the injured leg increased from 14.0 kg to 27.0 kg and amounted to 87% of the control leg after 4 weeks of training. At this time the maximum isometric strength amounted to 114 Nm, which was 63% of strength in the control leg. Succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) in homogenates of muscle biopsy sample increased (i.e. 20%, p less than 0.05) to the same level as found in the control leg. No changes in phosphofructokinase (PFK) were observed. The type I fibre distribution was lower in the immobilized leg than in the control leg. These results indicate that, following muscular hypotrophy resulting from 4-6 weeks of immobilization, dynamic exercise can restore the oxidative potential, whereas the size and strength are only partly recovered. PMID- 6219459 TI - [Acute kidney failure following Cortinarius splendens (Fries) or "yellow clubbed foot" mushroom poisoning (so-called orellanus syndrome)]. AB - Intoxications by cortinarii have only been recognized in recent years. Compared to other mushroom poisoning they are characterized by the long incubation time of up to ten days or more, and predominantly hepatorenal symptoms. In this paper the first two Swiss cases of intoxication with Cortinarius phlegmacium splendens are reported. The two patients ate two meals of this mushroom one week apart. Three days after the second meal the patients became acutely ill with severe lumbar pain, polyuria, polydipsia and constipation. Laboratory examinations revealed signs of hepato-renal toxicity with increase in serum creatinine, hyposthenuria and hyperbilirubinemia. Both patients recovered fully in the course of a further two weeks. PMID- 6219460 TI - [Incidence of biliary tract diseases]. PMID- 6219461 TI - [Work experience of the Leningrad First Aid and Emergency Medicine Station]. PMID- 6219462 TI - [Realization of methodological memoranda and collected scientific works of the Institute]. PMID- 6219463 TI - [Experience in improving the postdiploma education of physicians]. PMID- 6219464 TI - [Establishment of public health care in Novorod Province (1917-1927)]. PMID- 6219465 TI - [Cardiology in the RSFSR (status and outlook)]. PMID- 6219466 TI - [Cooperative research as a means of implementing the Russian S.F.S.R.'s program on oncology]. PMID- 6219467 TI - Differences in BFU-E growth in different mouse strains after stimulation with a mixed lymphocyte culture supernatant (MLC-BPA). AB - The growth of hemopoietic colonies in methylcellulose from bone marrow and spleen of CBA/Ca, DBA/2, BDF1, C57Bl/6, and NMRI mice was studied under stimulation by a mixed lymphocyte culture supernatant (MLC-BPA) which was necessary for the burst forming unit E (BFU-E) growth in all strains. The number of pure and mixed BFU-E and non-BFU-E and their proportion varied between the strains; the BFU-E concentrations in the marrow were high in CBA/Ca and DBA/2 mice and low in C57B1/6. Furthermore, differences were seen in the requirement for serum and for erythropoietin. Optimal growth conditions were 4% fetal calf serum, 20% MLC-BPA, and 1 U erythropoietin/ml, but BFU-E growth was also obtained in the absence of serum. The differences in the BFU-E concentrations did not correlate with the numbers of colony-forming units S or the proportion of erythroblasts in the bone marrow smears. PMID- 6219469 TI - Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty. PMID- 6219470 TI - Kinetics of the inhibition of plasmin in acidified human plasma. AB - Acid-treated human plasma is a competitive inhibitor of the hydrolysis of D-Val Leu-Lys-Nan (S-2251) by plasmin. The rate of hydrolysis is decreased to 50% by 750 fold diluted acidified normal plasma and by 60 fold diluted acidified alpha 2 antiplasmin depleted plasma (alpha 2-antiplasmin concentration less than 2%). These findings suggest that alpha 2-antiplasmin is a contributary but not the main competitive inhibitor of acidified plasma. This interpretation is supported by the finding that alpha 2-antiplasmin depleted plasma reconstituted with purified alpha 2-antiplasmin inhibits the hydrolysis of S-2251 by plasmin at a 125 fold dilution following acidification and by the finding that in a purified system acid inactivated alpha 2-antiplasmin inhibits the hydrolysis of S-2251 by plasmin with a Ki of 25 nM. Thus, besides alpha 2-antiplasmin, other plasma proteins which are at least in part eliminated by the removal of alpha 2 antiplasmin from plasma by immunoadsorption appear to be competitive inhibitors for plasmin in acidified plasma. It is suggested that several competitive inhibitors for plasmin are present and/or generated in acidified plasma and that these inhibitors may at least in part be responsible for the variability in the results of measurements of plasminogen and/or plasmin in plasma following acidification. PMID- 6219471 TI - The suitability of various plasmin preparations for the functional assay of alpha 2-antiplasmin in plasma. AB - Various plasmin preparations were tested for their suitability for use in the assay of alpha 2-antiplasmin in blood plasma by the immediate plasmin inhibition test. Activation of plasminogen, viz., 1-Glu-plasminogen and/or 77-Lys plasminogen, by immobilized urokinase results in plasmin preparations suitable for this alpha 2-antiplasmin test. Plasmins obtained by "spontaneous" activation procedures in glycerol containing solutions, however, appeared not to be suitable. In this second group, the behaviour of the plasmins resembles that of 442-Val-plasmin (miniplasmin), which is known to show a low inactivation rate with alpha 2-antiplasmin due to the absence of lysine-binding sites in the plasmin molecule. Evidence is presented that, in the nonsuitable plasmins, the lysine-binding sites, although not completely absent, have at least partly lost their functional integrity. PMID- 6219468 TI - Surface markers of resting and activated human T cells. Functional implications and experimental limits. PMID- 6219472 TI - [The prophylactic effect of a morantel sustained release bolus (Paratect) on lungworm infections in vaccinated and non-vaccinated calves]. AB - Groups of four calves received a vaccination, a vaccination combined with a morantel sustained release bolus (Paratect) together with the second vaccination dose, a vaccination combined with a Paratect bolus 14 days after the second dose, a Paratect bolus alone or remained untreated. From the faecal, serological and clinical observations it was concluded that the larval output, the course of the antibody titers against lungworm and the clinical picture of the calves which had received a bolus after or together with the vaccination did not differ from the observations in the only vaccinated calves. Calves provided with a Paratect bolus were excreting lungworm larvae in the faeces and showed mild symptoms of parasitic bronchitis. It was not necessary to treat these calves in contrast with the untreated controls. PMID- 6219473 TI - An approach to clinical magnetocardiology. AB - Magnetocardiograms (MCGs) of normal human subjects and patients with various heart diseases and of fetuses (fetal magnetocardiogram, FMCG) were recorded using a SQUID magnetometer with a built-in second derivative gradiometer in a magnetically unshielded environment. MCGs and ECGs in this study were taken simultaneously at the same precordial chest positions (V1 approximately V6). The following results were obtained: (1) The waves of MCG showed a variety of changes which can never be detected in ECGs. (2) Clear FMCGs could be recorded without being overlapped by MCG of the mother. (3) In MCGs from a patient with complete A V block, there was a secondary pacemaker spike which was presumably related to ventricular depolarization. (4) There were two kinds of characteristic changes with time in MCGs after onset of anterior myocardial infarction, which could be confirmed in experiments with dogs. Thus, the results obtained so far indicate a bright future of magnetocardiology in clinical medicine. PMID- 6219474 TI - Suppression of the proliferative response of human lymphocytes to cultured allogeneic HeLa cells by zinc. AB - Zinc added to the culture medium caused a dose-related suppression of the proliferative response of human lymphocytes to cultured allogeneic HeLa cells without any significant decrease in cell viability. In contrast to the response to HeLa cells, this metal ion moderately enhanced T lymphocyte response to mitogens such as phytohemagglutinin (PHA), concanavalin A (ConA) and 12-O tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA). These findings seem to indicate that zinc may be a crucial factor for the modulation of the T lymphocyte function. It can also be considered that the different effect of zinc on the proliferative responses of lymphocytes to allogeneic HeLa cells and to some soluble mitogens might reflect a difference in mechanisms between the two proliferative responses. PMID- 6219476 TI - [Medical ethics and deontological principles in dental outpatient admissions]. PMID- 6219475 TI - [Mixed salivary calcium and inorganic phosphorus, the rate of saliva excretion and the caries resistance of the teeth during of the mineralization period in children]. PMID- 6219477 TI - T cell depletion of human bone marrow using monoclonal antibody and complement mediated lysis. AB - Human bone marrow was harvested from surgically resected bones of 25 patients and was tested for the presence of mature T cells. An average of 6.5% (+/- 1.2% SE) of nucleated bone marrow cells formed spontaneous rosettes with sheep red blood cells. Functional T cells in bone marrow were also identified by characteristic responses to alloantigens and the T cell mitogens concanavalin A (Con A) and phytohemagglutinin (PHA). The ability of three monoclonal antibodies (OKT.3, Lyt 3, and (Leu-1) to lyse peripheral T cells in the presence of rabbit complement was examined. All three reagents were found to be specifically lytic for mature T cells in peripheral blood. One reagent (Leu-1) was selected for use in depletion of T cells in human bone marrow. Seven of 10 experiments performed showed sufficient T cell responses to be evaluable. In all of these experiments, a marked reduction of T cells and T cell functions was observed. On the average, E rosettes were reduced 89.2% (+/- 3.0% SE) below medium controls while the mean PHA, Con A, and mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC) activity were completely eliminated to levels below background. In four experiments, colony-forming units (CFU-GM) in bone marrow were assayed following treatment with Leu-1 and showed a mean increase of 194% (+/- 32% SE) over medium controls. Since mature T cells are thought to be responsible for graft-versus-host disease in allogeneic bone marrow transplantation, this method of T cell depletion may be useful for preparing marrow for human bone marrow transplants. PMID- 6219478 TI - Blood transfusions and changes in humoral and cellular immune reactivity in rhesus monkeys. Possible predictive value for kidney allograft prognosis. PMID- 6219479 TI - Function and migration of suppressor lymphocytes from cyclosporine-treated heart graft recipients. PMID- 6219480 TI - [Subunit composition and enzymatic properties of myosins from human and rabbit skeletal muscles]. AB - It is shown that myosin of human skeletal muscles is more difficult for purification from the actin and nucleic acids admixtures. It is also characterized by a less yield and a pronounced lability to denaturant effects as compared to rabbit myosin. The ATPase activity of human myosin is 1.5-2 times as low and the cholinesterase one--tens of times as high as those of rabbit myosin. A relative content of LC3 (LC--light chains) is approximately twice as low and that of LC1--as high as in rabbit myosin. It is supposed that the found differences in the properties may be explained to a considerable extent by a different ratio of certain light chains contained in the investigated proteins. PMID- 6219481 TI - Some aspects of the relationship between instantaneous volumetric blood flow and continuous wave Doppler ultrasound recordings--I. The effect of ultrasonic beam width on the output of maximum, mean and RMS frequency processors. PMID- 6219482 TI - Some aspects of the relationship between instantaneous volumetric blood flow and continuous wave Doppler ultrasound recordings--II. A comparison between mean and maximum velocity waveforms in a canine model. PMID- 6219483 TI - Some aspects of the relationship between instantaneous volumetric blood flow and continuous wave Doppler ultrasound recordings--III. The calculation of Doppler power spectra from mean velocity waveforms, and the results of processing these spectra with maximum, mean, and RMS frequency processors. PMID- 6219484 TI - Two-dimensional echocardiographic recognition of abnormal changes in the myocardium. PMID- 6219485 TI - Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty. PMID- 6219486 TI - Promotive effect on human sperm progressive motility by prostasomes. AB - Seminal plasma constituents were separated on Sephadex G200 gel columns. The column eluate was analysed with regard to protein content, ATPase activity and promotive activity on sperm progressive motility. Two different chromatographic fractions were also subjected to electron microscopy after sedimentation by preparative ultracentrifugation. A maximum promotive value on sperm progressive motility coincided with a maximum ATPase activity value in a single peak from seminal plasma eluted first on the column and containing less protein than the other peaks appearing later in the chromatogram. This first peak was the only one containing ATPase activity and membrane-surrounded organelles named prostasomes. Other peaks, rich in protein but lacking ATPase and prostasomes, displayed a moderate and rather irregular pattern in reference to promotive activity on sperm progressive motility. Evidence is given that the positive effect by prostasomes is specific on sperm progressive motility. Hence, procedures aiming at a change of membrane integrity of the prostasomes resulted in diminished effects on sperm progressive motility. This could be explained by a probable dissipation of the electrochemical gradient of calcium ions. PMID- 6219487 TI - Endothelial cell seeding of small-diameter vascular grafts. AB - Small-diameter double velour dacron vascular grafts were seeded with autologous canine endothelial cells, implanted in the canine carotid arteries and the in vivo progress of graft luminal endothelial surfacing followed. Sixty-five percent of the experimental grafts were successfully seeded. Comparison of patency, endothelial cell coverage, thrombus-free surface, and inner capsule thickness between seeded and control grafts revealed enhancement of graft performance by cell seeding. Peroxidase-antiperoxidase staining was utilized to positively identify graft luminal endothelium. PMID- 6219488 TI - Fate of knitted dacron velour vascular grafts seeded with enzymatically derived autologous canine endothelium. PMID- 6219489 TI - A new vascular prosthesis for small diameter vessel replacement. PMID- 6219490 TI - Platelet factor release following heparin administration and during extracorporeal circulation. PMID- 6219491 TI - Hybrid artificial organs. PMID- 6219492 TI - Mycotoxicosis in swine. PMID- 6219494 TI - Avian sex determination by laparoscopy. PMID- 6219493 TI - Effect of re-implanting anabolic agents on liveweight and carcase weight of beef cattle. PMID- 6219495 TI - Staphylococcus aureus isolated from poultry in Australia. I. Phage typing and cultural characteristics. AB - The phage typing and cultural characteristics of 574 strains of S. aureus of poultry origin in Australia were examined. With the avian phage set of Shimizu (1979) it was possible to type 74.2% of strains. A number of significant variations in the phage typing patterns of Australian strains compared to those reported from Japan and Europe were observed. A lower proportion of Australian strains were of avian phage group I and a higher proportion of group III. A high proportion of strains were of mixed lytic groups. No locally isolated phages were able to increase significantly the percentage of typeable strains, although four local phages appeared to be of greater value for phage typing poultry strains of S. aureus than some other phages of the avian phage set. The international (human) phage set was of limited value in typing Australian strains of poultry origin although four strains were identified which were indistinguishable from strains of human origin. Using cultural characteristics of the strains in conjunction with phage typing, the Australian strains of S. aureus were assigned to one of three major groups and nine subgroups. A list of typing phages considered to be valuable for use on Australian poultry strains of S. aureus is given. PMID- 6219496 TI - [Changes in blood coagulation in glomerulonephritis]. PMID- 6219497 TI - Commonly used drugs in dentistry and the hypertensive patient. PMID- 6219498 TI - Perspectives in occupational dermatology. AB - Because large surface areas of the skin are exposed directly to the environment, skin is an organ particularly vulnerable to occupationally induced disease. Statistics show that, excluding accidental injury, nearly half of all occupational illnesses occur in this organ; a fourth of all workers suffering from occupational skin disease lose an average of 10 to 12 workdays. The constant evolution of new industrial chemicals and methods of manufacture continue to bring new skin hazards and disease into the workplace. Occupational health physicians and practitioners, who usually have minimal training in dermatology, must diagnose and treat unfamiliar diseases in a setting of even less familiar, often overwhelming, technology. A thorough understanding of cutaneous defense mechanisms, clinical patterns of occupational skin disease and methods for establishing accurate diagnoses is essential. PMID- 6219499 TI - [Results of electrical cardioversion in patients with chronic auricular fibrillation and the size of the left atrium evaluated by ultrasonocardiography]. PMID- 6219500 TI - Physician influence on the education of special children. PMID- 6219501 TI - Preparation and characterization of proteases from Thermoactinomyces vulgaris. V. Investigations on autolysis and thermostability of the purified protease. AB - Thermitase, the main component of the proteases of the culture medium from Thermoactinomyces vulgaris, is degraded by autolyses (increase of liberated amino groups) and thereby inactivated especially at elevated temperature, at alkaline pH-values and in the absence of added substrates. As shown by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis autolysis is an essential part during heat inactivation (complete disappearance of the thermitase band after heating the enzyme at 85 degrees C for 5 min). The quantitative comparison of autolysis and heat inactivation as well as the kinetics of reversible inhibition of the enzyme by HgCl2 at different temperatures showed that above 60 degrees C thermal denaturation of the enzyme protein contributes to thermitase inactivation. Ca2+-ions (20 mM) have a stabilizing effect against both autolysis and thermal denaturation (inactivation) of thermitase. PMID- 6219502 TI - [Primary benign intramural intracavitary cardiac tumors--clinical, diagnostic and therapeutic aspects]. AB - 10 cases of benign primary tumours of the heart (5 myxomas of the left atrium, 2 myxomas of the right atrium, 1 right-ventricular endothelioma of the endocardium, 1 left-ventricular pseudorhabdomyoma, 1 tumour of the interventricular septum) are described. The diagnostically decisive method was in 5 cases the heart catheterization with angiocardiography, furthermore in one case each the roentgenogram of the thorax, the echocardiography, the histology of embolic material, the operation as well as the autopsy. The echocardiography was available for 4 patients; in one case it was diagnostically decisive, delivered important additional informations in 2 patients and failed in one patient. With increasing propagation of the echocardiography, which in the opinion of the authors at least in all cases should be used before a planned invasive cardiological diagnosis, is to be reckoned with an improvement of the diagnosis of tumours of the heart and with an increase of the chances of a causal, namely the timely cardiosurgical therapy. PMID- 6219503 TI - [Electrocardiographic changes in chronic obstructive lung diseases]. AB - Various patterns and frequency of electrocardiographic changes in patients with chronic obstructive lung disease (COLD), as well as their relationship to the degrees of air-flow obstruction, were investigated. Electrocardiograms and pulmonary function tests were analysed in 302 patients (230 men and 72 women) with COLD, and the results were compared with the results of the same examinations obtained in 86 healthy subjects (63 men and 23 women). The most common electrocardiographic patterns were: a) "P pulmonale", b) right axis' deviation of the P wave, and right axis' deviation of the QRS complex, c) inversion of the T waves in standard (II and III) and in the precordial leads (V1 to V4), d) the presence of a qR pattern with delayed R wave in V1 (V5R) (onset of intrinsicoid deflection more than 0,003 seconds) which was often associated with an incomplete right bundle branch block.--P pulmonale and inversion of the T waves in standard and precordial leads were considered as labile, reversible electrocardiographic changes which do not show any correlation with the severity of COLD. Deviations of the P wave and QRS complex to the right, significantly correlated with the degree of the air-flow obstruction (P less than 0,05) in patients with COLD, but the changes are not sure signs of chronic cor pulmonale. On the contrary, qR pattern with delayed R wave in V1 (V5R) (onset of intrinsicoid deflection more than 0,03 seconds), which was often associated with an incomplete right bundle branch block, was significantly correlated (P less than 0,001) with the degree of air-flow obstruction in patients with COLD and may be considered as highly suggestive for the diagnosis of chronic cor pulmonale. PMID- 6219504 TI - [Contribution to corticosteroid allergy]. AB - Allergic contact dermatitis as a side effect of external corticosteroid application is very rare. About 100 cases have been published since 1959. Hypersensitivity is seldom directed to more than a single corticosteroid. This contribution reports on two cases showing sensitisation to externally applied corticosteroids in addition to other allergic reactions: the first case to Triamcinolone, Prednisolone and Hydrocortisone, the second one only to Triamcinolone. PMID- 6219505 TI - [Osteoid osteoma of the vertebral column]. AB - The peculiarities of osteoid osteoma of the spine occurring most frequently during adolescence are pointed out and contrasted to the benigne osteoblastoma, based on 5 observations and on studies of the literature. The nidus is usually located excentrically and exceptionally even intrarticular. Two foci may occur side by side or one after another, and the adjacent vertebral end plates may be involved. Spontaneous subsiding of pain is possible. The dorsal portions of the lumbar spine are diseased occasionally under the clinician picture of tight hamstrings, most often, however, with a painful reactive scoliotic position of the spine with the concavity always to the involved side. Spontaneous pain and local joint tenderness do precede the x-ray manifestations for many months. The history of pain prior to diagnosis still exceeds one year in the average. The x ray findings are extraordinary polymorphe. A high awareness of suspicion ought initiate repeated examinations with x-ray and scintigraph. Lack of pains and disappearance of the reactive malpositions of the trunk may be expected only after resection of the nidus. It's preoperative detection may cause considerable difficulties as well as the correct postoperative histological diagnosis in the absence of the relevant material. The most frequent misdiagnosis is low grade osteomyelitis which has been true with the authors who describes first the syndrome of tight hamstrings. PMID- 6219506 TI - [Perthes' disease in scintigraphy - early diagnosis, course and therapeutic consequences]. AB - A four year study on radionuclide imaging in Perthes's disease is reported. The results reveal that radionuclide imaging facilitates the earliest diagnosis possible as well as the differentiation against other affections of the hip. In eleven cases (diagnoses ascertained by X-ray follow up or biopsy) the duration of the course of Perthes' disease was shortened and the ultimate outcome was improved because of the early onset of therapy. Follow up examinations with radionuclide imaging and quantification of uptake reveal the extent of revascularisation of the necrosis of the femoral head and the epiphyseal plate at any point in time during the course of the disease. This leads to prognostic and therapeutic consequences, particularly in view of expected head at risk signs in the development of Perthes' disease. PMID- 6219507 TI - [Metronidazole in the treatment of rosacea and perioral dermatitis]. PMID- 6219508 TI - [Occupational selection, disability evaluation, rehabilitation and prognosis in occupational skin diseases]. PMID- 6219509 TI - [Clinical manifestations of dermatitis medicamentosa]. PMID- 6219510 TI - [Bacteriological studies in acne and the choice of antibiotics for combined therapy]. PMID- 6219511 TI - [Dermatitis and its prophylaxis in the manufacturing of powder dyes]. PMID- 6219512 TI - [Depressive symptoms and functional incapacity in old age]. PMID- 6219513 TI - [A new procedure for the revision and reposition of functionless peritoneal dialysis catheters]. AB - The most important requirement for satisfactory transperitoneal dialysis is faultless functioning of the Tenckhoff catheter. Suddenly occurring functional disturbances are often caused by wrong positioning and by envelopment of the catheter by tissue, which require surgical correction. A technique for successfully locating and replacing a transperitoneal catheter by means of an operation laparoscope is described. PMID- 6219514 TI - [Immunological studies on the etiology of denture stomatopathies]. PMID- 6219515 TI - [Results of functional and teleradiographic studies on cleft lip and cleft palate patients. 2]. PMID- 6219516 TI - [Tube flaps for the closure of large palatal defects]. PMID- 6219517 TI - [Psychological aspects of patients after the surgical treatment of prognathism]. PMID- 6219518 TI - [Copper-rich amalgams--a technological review]. PMID- 6219519 TI - [Histochemical examination of the endometrium following laparoscopic follicle puncture for the collection of ovocytes]. AB - The ovarian follicles of six normocyclic women were laparoscopically punctured and aspirated on the eleventh or twelfth postmenstrual day of the cycle. Ovocytes and follicular fluid are characterised. Endometrial biopsies were taken of the patients concerned, after two days or so had been allowed to pass.--On histochemical evaluation, the abraded material seemed to exhibit early signs of beginning secretion as a "normal" endometrial response to artificial follicular rupture. The findings are discussed with reference to unanswered questions regarding in vitro fertilisation of human probands. PMID- 6219520 TI - [Personality and the social significance of hirsutism]. AB - Cyproterone acetate treatment was applied with good success by the authors to 52 patients with hirsutism. Yet, the patients' confidence in the medicament was negatively affected by recurrence of symptoms during intervals of discontinued medication. However, effective help can be given to such women to get to grips with their own psychic conflicts by disclosing to them and discussing with them those environmental factors due to which insecurity was built up in them regarding their sexual role. Such psychotherapeutic approach will back up pharmacotherapy and mitigate regression during intervals. Virile women do not accept their own female role unless they are given in parallel both gynaecological and psychotherapeutic treatment. PMID- 6219521 TI - [Laparoscopic tubal coagulation--technic and follow-up results]. AB - This report presents 155 cases of laparoscopic electrocoagulation of the fallopian tubes. 53 coagulations were performed with unipolar devices, 102 ones with bipolar technique.--The patency of tubal obliteration was tested 12 weeks after the operation hysterosalpingographically.--In 4 cases the contrast medium was forced through the obliterated part of the fallopian tube, but controlled a half year later the tubes are completely closed. Hysterosalpingographic studies are not suited to criticize the reliability of laparoscopic sterilization. Severe operative and early postoperative complications were not to be seen.--The laparoscopic bipolar coagulation of the fallopian tubes is a method without the high of electric accidents. There is a great efficacy in producing sterility. PMID- 6219522 TI - [Various results and prospective trends in research on the immunology of spinal osteochondrosis with neurologic disorders]. AB - The authors review the results of many-year studies concerning the immunological aspects of the pathogenesis of the peripheral nervous system involvement in osteochondrosis of the lumbar division of the vertebral column. On the basis of a great body of information a complex study of the role of humoral factors in the natural specific immunity, as well as the state of the T- and B-systems of immunity in patients with the non-radical and radical stages of the lumbar osteochondrosis was for the first time undertaken. The results obtained point to the participation of all the immunity links in the disease pathogenesis. This is an important prerequisite for the search for purposeful pathogenetic therapy of this widespread disease. PMID- 6219523 TI - [Relation between the occurrence of acute cerebral circulatory disorders and changes in meteorologic factors]. AB - The results obtained concern the dependence of acute brain blood circulation pathology (ABBCP) frequency on several meteorological factors: wind speed, barometrical pressure, interdaily barometrical pressure changes, relative air humidity, air temperature, interdaily air temperature changes, oxygen content in air and interdaily oxygen content variability in the air. The mean daily number of patients was taken into account. 4023 ABBCP observations were analyzed. Wind, relative air humidity and interdaily changes of oxygen content in air were determined to influence greatly the ABBCP frequency under conditions of Middle Russia Hills region. Meteorological factors enumerated are supposed to be used in further multifactorial statistical analyses for comprehensive estimation of weather elements as well as for scientifically based prognoses of the ABBCP number and carrying out the preventive measures. PMID- 6219524 TI - [Clinical criteria for the socio-vocational prognosis of periodic schizophrenia patients (comparative clinico-epidemiologic study)]. AB - Altogether 193 patients with prolonged periodical schizophrenia (duration more than 20 years) living at different regions of the country (Moscow and Andijan) were examined. Prognostic significance of the clinical features, excluding psychopathological peculiarities of the manifest attack itself was determined. Prognostically favourable factors were: the acute attack of short duration (less than 3 months) at the beginning of the disease; no delirious disorders in the course of the first remission, the remission duration exceeding 10 years; less than 3 attacks endured; transition of stable regressive or progressive forms to regressive ones. Unfavourable factors for social-labour prognosis were: the initial disorders at the beginning of the disease; more than 3-month duration of the first manifest attack; delirious disorders in the course of the first remission lasting less than 2 years; 4 or more attacks endured (more than 6 for Andijan population); transition of stable progressive or regressive disease varieties to progressive ones. PMID- 6219525 TI - [Development of neurosurgery in the Russian Federation]. PMID- 6219526 TI - [Development of neurosurgery in the Byelorussian SSR]. PMID- 6219527 TI - Persistence of unilateral secretion and contralateral renin suppression after successful percutaneous transluminal dilatation in a normotensive patient. AB - We describe a case of a 26-year old woman with severe fibromuscular renal artery stenosis whose blood pressure was well controlled with atenolol but that remained normotensive also after discontinuation of the drug. In addition her renal vein renin pattern was typical of renovascular hypertension and an intrarenal activation of inactive renin was also present. This renin pattern remained unchanged soon after successful percutaneous transluminal dilatation whereas 15 days later both active and inactive forms of renin were found to be released by the previously stenotic kidney. This case casts doubts upon the relationships between renal artery stenosis, renin secretion and high blood pressure. PMID- 6219528 TI - Chromogenic substrate assays of components of the fibrinolytic system. PMID- 6219529 TI - Familial Cushing's syndrome due to pigmented multinodular adrenocortical dysplasia. AB - Cushing's syndrome was diagnosed in a 14 year old girl and, 5 years later, in her nephew (sister's son) also when he was 14 years of age. Administration of tetracosactid (Synacthen) did not stimulate adrenocortical function in either patient, nor did dexamethasone suppress the elevated urinary steroids in the girl, and only partially suppressed them in the boy. Both patients were adrenalectomized and made an uneventful recovery. The surgical specimens were identical both on gross inspection and histologically, showing the typ ical morphological features of pigmented multinodular adrenocortical dysplasia. We believe that this lesion represents an inherited adrenocortical maldevelopment (rather than true neoplasia) leading to an autonomous adrenocortical hyperfunction which typically manifests itself clinically during adrenarche (i.e. functional adrenocortical maturation) at the beginning of puberty. Family Cushing's syndrome, caused by pigmented multinodular adrenocortical dysplasia, represents a disease entity. PMID- 6219530 TI - Comparison of the sensitivity of 99mTc-methyl diphosphonate bone scan with the skeletal X-ray survey in multiple myeloma. AB - In the diagnosis of multiple myeloma (MM), the radiological skeletal survey (RSS) was proven to be most useful for the detection of bone lesions. Since 1961, a new technique radioisotopic bone scan (RIBS), for the detection of such lesions, using 85Sr and 99mTc, has been shown to be highly sensitive for the detection of skeletal metastases of epithelial tumors. We have studied 30 patients with plasma cell dyscrasia (PCD) by both methods and concluded that RSS is clearly superior to RIBS in PCD. As RIBS detected less than 50% of the lesions demonstrated by RSS there seems to be no indication for a routine RIBS in the initial work-up of patients suspected to have PCD. However, due to the fact that RIBS is useful for the detection of new bone formation it has a certain value in the localization of pathological fractures in MM, mainly in vertebral compression. PMID- 6219531 TI - Diabetes, a hypercoagulable state? Hemostatic variables in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients. AB - 37 type 2 diabetic patients with no clinical evidence of retinopathy or vascular disease were studied at diagnosis and following control of hyperglycaemia for evidence of abnormalities of coagulation, fibrinolysis and platelet behaviour. 38% showed hyperactive platelets, demonstrating either in vitro hyperaggregability, circulating platelet aggregates, or raised plasma beta thromboglobulin levels. 36% showed abnormally raised factor VIII coagulant activity (FVIIIc) levels, though this was mainly in female patients. The mean level of FVIIIc decreased with treatment. Anti-thrombin III (AT-III) levels were decreased, and 33% of the patients had levels less than 80%. In this group AT-III increased following treatment. No abnormalities of fibrinolysis were demonstrated. These findings support the concept that diabetes can be associated with a hypercoagulable state, which is not necessarily dependent on the presence of overt vascular disease, or correlated with the degree of chronic hyperglycaemia (HbA1c levels). PMID- 6219532 TI - [Lymphocyte subpopulations in multiple myeloma. Shift in the helper/suppressor cell relation]. AB - Absolute and relative proportions of lymphocyte subpopulations were studied in 21 patients with multiple myeloma and 22 controls. For characterization of cell subsets monoclonal antibodies against differentiation antigens were applied as well as other established techniques. A significant reduction in the absolute and relative proportion of T-lymphocytes (OKT3+, E-rosette+) and of helper-inducer T cells (OKT4+) was found. The absolute counts of OKT8+ suppressor-cytotoxic T cells were of the same magnitude in patients and controls resulting in a significant increase of their relative proportion in patients with multiple myeloma. Moreover, a significant but uniform reduction of leukocytes, lymphocytes, monocytes, OKM1+ cells and B-lymphocytes was found. The relation of T helper-inducer/suppressor-cytotoxic cells was significantly decreased in terms of a relative increase in suppressor T cells. PMID- 6219533 TI - Intrinsic innervation of the oesophagus in dogs with special reference to the presence of muscle spindles. AB - The study of the intrinsic innervation of the oesophagus in dogs revealed the presence of capsulated ganglia and scattered neurons in the upper and lower thirds of the organ. The cells were either oval or pyriform with multiple dendrites and ill-defined capsules of pericellular satellites. Furthermore, muscle spindles were detected amidst the obliquely set muscle fibres of the oesophageal muscular coat. Simple motor and plates supplied the striated extrafusal muscle fibres. The submucous nerve plexus contained no ganglia. Its nerve fibres extended to form periacinar and intra-acinar axons to the oesophageal submucous glands. Subjacent to the mucosa, the subepithelial nerve plexus gave intraepithelial free terminals that penetrated the basement membrane to end within the stratified epithelium just beneath its cornified layer. PMID- 6219534 TI - [Relevance of brain prostaglandins to central effects of l-tetrahydropalmatine]. PMID- 6219535 TI - [No physical dependence of skimmianine in mice, rats and monkeys]. PMID- 6219536 TI - [Cardiac arrhythmia induced by hypothalamic stimulation in cardiac ischemic rabbits and the antiarrhythmic action of Panax ginseng]. PMID- 6219537 TI - [Comparison of effects of tetrandrine, verapamil and propranolol on myocardial blood flow]. PMID- 6219539 TI - [Spasmolytic effects of isocorydine on isolated vascular strips]. PMID- 6219538 TI - [Effects of tetrandrine on isoprenaline and calcium-mediated positive chronotropic action in isolated rabbit atria]. PMID- 6219540 TI - [Influence of ambient temperature on lacrimation and salivation caused by adrenaline and noradrenaline in mice]. PMID- 6219541 TI - [Anti-ophidic toxin action of Agkistrodon acutus serum]. PMID- 6219542 TI - [Action of 15-methyl-prostaglandin F2 alpha on progesterone receptors and estradiol receptors in rabbit uterus]. PMID- 6219543 TI - [Spermatocidal action of some fat-soluble chelating agents in pouches of caudae epididymides in rats]. PMID- 6219544 TI - [Autoradiographic study on tissue localization of [14C]cucurbitine in mice]. PMID- 6219545 TI - [Toxicity and repository antimalarial activity of octanoyl primaquine]. PMID- 6219546 TI - [Effects of nitroquine on sporogenic cycle of Plasmodium cynomolgi]. PMID- 6219547 TI - [Histochemical studies on the effect of furapyrimidone on Litomosoides carinii in cotton rats]. PMID- 6219548 TI - [Effect in vitro of furapyrimidone on adult worms and microfilariae of Brugia malayi]. PMID- 6219549 TI - [Effect of fluorocarbon blood substitute on peripheral blood lymphocyte transformation in monkeys and guinea pigs]. PMID- 6219550 TI - [Antitumor activity of total saponins from Dolichos falcatus Klein]. PMID- 6219551 TI - Effect of antiandrogens and medroxyprogesterone acetate on testicular morphometry in mice. AB - Administration to albino mice of cyproterone (C), cyproterone acetate (CA) and medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) for one week produced a marked decrease in volume, surface area and length of the seminiferous tubules besides inhibiting spermatogenesis. This response was elicited by all the three treatments but was assessed as mild in "C", moderate in "MPA" and severe in "CA" groups. On the basis of present work it is concluded that inhibition of spermatogenesis occurred even with low dose schedule of the two antiandrogens and MPA. The possible mechanism of action has been discussed in the light of available literature. PMID- 6219552 TI - The child study movement: early growth and development of the symbolized child. PMID- 6219553 TI - Histamine-induced inhibition of lymphocyte proliferation and lysosomal enzyme release from polymorphs may not be mediated via H1- or H2-receptors. AB - Histamine, selective histamine H1- and H2-receptor agonists, and chemical analogues of these compounds lacking activity at histamine receptors, were tested as inhibitors of phytohaemagglutinin-induced human lymphocyte proliferation and zymosan-induced release of lysosomal enzymes from human polymorphs. No correlation was found between their inhibitory potency in these systems and their relative activity at histamine H1- or H2-receptors. PMID- 6219555 TI - [Management and results of immunotherapy in the adult]. PMID- 6219554 TI - The effect of histamine on the development of adjuvant arthritis in the rat. AB - Histamine, injected subcutaneously (0.3-10 mg/kg), produced a dose-related inhibition of the primary and secondary inflammation, and the development of the secondary lesions of rat adjuvant arthritis. Histamine was effective when given for short periods around the time of adjuvant administration and could also delay and possibly reverse an established arthritic response. The histamine H1-agonist, 2-(2-pyridyl)-ethylamine, inhibited rat adjuvant arthritis, whereas the histamine H2-agonists, impromidine and dimaprit, failed to affect the response. Metiamide, a histamine H2-antagonist (5 mg/kg), reduced the inflammation in the uninjected hind-paw and the development of secondary lesions. Histamine may have two effects on rat adjuvant arthritis, inhibiting the response via stimulation of H1 receptors and augmenting the response via stimulation of H2-receptors. Since histamine is known to bind to and to alter the reactivity of cells which are involved in the regulation of immune responsiveness, it is suggested that interactions with these cells are responsible for the observed effects of histamine. PMID- 6219556 TI - A study of T suppressor activity after bacterial immunotherapy. AB - T suppressor cell activity from twenty non-atopic patients with bronchial asthma of bacterial etiology, were studied. The patient's ages ranged from 14 to 60 years with a mean age of 40 years. Seven patients were male and thirteen were female. As control subjects six healthy young adults were studied. The patients were divided in two groups: one including patients with less than one year of bacterial immunotherapy and another, including patients with one to four years of immunotherapy. The method described in other works was followed. The results obtained in these two groups were compared to those obtained in a group of healthy volunteers and were analyzed on the basis of statistical data using the student's t test. In patients with bacterial asthma, we observed normal suppressor cell activity, similar to that of subjects undergoing immunotherapy. As such, bacterial immunotherapy does not seem to objectively affect the regulatory mechanisms of cellular immunity. PMID- 6219557 TI - Allergy in beekeepers. AB - Beekeepers represent a high-risk group for allergic disorders. They are affected by beestings but only a very limited fraction of the population develops severe anaphylactic symptoms. On the other hand several beekeepers have slight anaphylactic symptoms when they start working. Immunologically they are like "spontaneously desensitized subjects". They often have bee-venom specific IgE and all of them have very high titers of bee-venom specific IgG. Beekeepers may present an atopic sensitization to bee-hive dust and develop asthma and rhinitis. Finally, they may present a contact dermatitis to a bee-product: the propolis. This type of allergy is not very frequent. PMID- 6219558 TI - [The use of AET-pretreated sheep red blood cells in the detection of lymphocytes with limited affinity for E receptors]. AB - Proof can be given that an additional population of E-rosette-forming cells is detected in the blood and tonsil by using sheep erythrocytes pretreated with AET in comparison to untreated sheep erythrocytes. In dilution and concentration tests it can be demonstrated that there is a limit of detection of these cells and that a negative result is not a biological phenomenon, but the reasons for this were deduced from analytical procedures. The formation of E-rosettes is inhibited by sodium azide or ultraviolet irradiation. Adsorption of untreated sheep erythrocytes is more affected as compared to those erythrocytes pretreated with AET. This points to a higher affinity to the E-receptor of the latter. PMID- 6219560 TI - [Analysis of methods for optimizing lysozyme determination]. AB - In order to optimize the detection of lysozyme in the clinic, studies on photometric and agar diffusion methods were performed with different preparations of micrococcus luteus (lysodeikticus). Living or living lyophilized preparations of micrococcus were suitable. The influence of temperature, test period and lysozyme concentration on the result was demonstrated. The lysoplate technique has several advantages in clinical routine tests, however an exact adjustment of the reagents and the test is necessary (living micrococcus, 3 hours incubation, 50 degrees C test temperature). The lysozyme measurements of different papers are transferable not without reserve and require a careful interpretation in respect of reproducibility and clinical relevance. PMID- 6219559 TI - [Net K+(86Rb+) uptake of human lymphocytes following phytohemagglutinin stimulation]. AB - We tried to develop a short-time incubation method for the early detection of lymphocyte stimulation due to lectins and antigens. For this purpose the netto K+(86Rb+)- uptake of (1) nonstimulated, (2) phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) activated and (3) potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7) activated human lymphocytes was examined by means of 86Rb+ as a marker. The relative netto-K+-uptake was reduced by 38 per cent (p less than or equal to 0.01) on average after the incubation with PHA. After the incubation with K2Cr2O7 the 86Rb+-values differed, however, only unessentially from the nonstimulated controls in one patient sensibilized by K2Cr2O7. We concluded from our results that this method is not suitable for the early detection of cell mediated immune reactions. PMID- 6219561 TI - [Analysis of the serodiagnostic reactions of the bacterium Clostridium butyricum strain CNRZ 528 using passive hemagglutination]. AB - For serologic tumour diagnostics a specific proof of antibodies against rods of Clostridium butyricum CNRZ 528 by passive hemagglutination has been described. We were able to prepare an antigen from the cell extract (crude-antigen) of rods without flagella by gel filtration, that after fixation on the surface of human erythrocytes, stabilized by tannin or glutaraldehyde, agglutinates specifically with rod-antibodies of rabbit-hyperimmunserum. Simultaneously however, there was no cross-reactivity with spore-antibodies of rabbit-hyperimmunserum. Sensitivity and specificity of this test are dependent on an optimal dose of antigen bound to the surface of the erythrocytes. The optimization of the assay has to be achieved by the testing of patients sera. PMID- 6219562 TI - Validation and use of a mainstreaming attitude inventory with physical educators. PMID- 6219563 TI - Conventional vs. open laparoscopy. AB - Compared with the closed technique, open laparoscopy offers several advantages, including fewer contraindications, a simpler technique, lower operative risk, easier establishment and release of pneumoperitoneum and fewer complications. PMID- 6219564 TI - Air travel for the chronically ill and the elderly. AB - The cabin altitude during airline flights is usually 1,500 m (5,000 ft). Medically important factors include the decreased bioavailability of oxygen, the dryness of the air and the properties of gases within the body as stated in Boyle's law. Passengers who are physically compromised by chronic disease, advanced age or mobility impairment can usually have their special requirements met through the cooperation of the family physician and the airline. Special diets, supplemental oxygen, locomotive aids and communication services are provided on advanced request. PMID- 6219565 TI - Relation of intramyocardial and intracavitary pressure to regional myocardial asynergy in the canine left ventricle. AB - The purpose of this study was to investigate the relation between abnormalities of left ventricular (LV) wall thickening during systole in ischemic regions and the interaction of LV pressure and regional intramyocardial pressure. Wall thickness was measured in 10 open-chest dogs with ultrasonic dimension gauges. LV pressure, aortic pressure, and intramyocardial pressure in the subendocardium were measured with catheter-tip micromanometers. Regional ischemia was produced by occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery. During the control period, peak subendocardial pressure exceeded LV pressure by 44 +/- 6 mm Hg. With hypokinesia, defined as a 50% to 89% reduction of systolic wall thickening, peak subendocardial pressure exceeded peak LV pressure but to a lesser extent (15 +/- 1 mm Hg). During akinesia, defined as a 90% to 100% reduction of systolic wall thickening, there was less than 1 mm Hg difference between peak subendocardial pressure and peak LV pressure. During dyskinesia, defined as systolic thinning of the ischemic wall, peak LV pressure exceeded peak subendocardial pressure by 29 +/- 6 mm Hg. These observations indicate that regional changes of LV wall thickness characterized by hypokinesia, akinesia, and dyskinesia are associated with pressure gradients between the LV cavity and the LV wall that are compatible with the abnormalities of wall motion. PMID- 6219566 TI - The role of intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation in patients undergoing percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. AB - Between June, 1979, and July, 1982, 14 patients required an IABP in conjunction with PTCA. The clinical indications for balloon counterpulsation, in the performance of PTCA were (1) clinically unstable situations where PTCA might otherwise be contraindicated, e.g., left main stem disease, multivessel coronary artery disease, unstable anginal syndromes, and cardiogenic shock; (2) preoperative insertion of an IABP for added safety following unsuccessful angioplasty; (3) abrupt vessel closure during a PTCA procedure in which the patient becomes hemodynamically unstable; and (4) late vessel closure following an initially successful angioplasty resulting in hemodynamic compromise. Of the 14 cases requiring balloon counterpulsation, 13 survived hospitalization and were alive at the time this report was submitted. We conclude that IABP is a useful adjunct to PTCA in a variety of clinical circumstances. PMID- 6219568 TI - Frequency in nonangioplasty patients of morphologic findings reported in coronary arteries treated with transluminal angioplasty. AB - The coronary arteries from 70 consecutive patients in whom percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) had not been performed during life were examined at necropsy for findings that have been previously described in patients or animals treated with PTA. In 33 (49%) of the 70 patients, 1 or more findings identical to those observed in necropsy studies of PTA-treated arteries were observed: "plaque fractures" in 31 (44%), "dissection clefts" in 26 (33%), and extensive medial thinning in 40 (57%). Observations in these 70 patients indicate that findings previously described in PTA-treated patients cannot necessarily be assumed to represent the results of PTA. The fact that improved vessel patency may be seen in the absence as well as the presence of such lesions precludes firm assurance that such lesions are the sole basis for successful angioplasty. PMID- 6219567 TI - Angiographic changes produced by percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. AB - Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) is being used with increasing frequency in the treatment of patients with symptomatic coronary artery disease. Balloon inflation results in diverse angiographic findings, reflecting the great variety of anatomic and pathologic changes produced. The long-term effects of inflation on the underlying atherosclerotic lesion and the clinical outcome are unknown but may depend in part on the anatomic changes caused by the dilatation itself. To facilitate communication and evaluation of the results of PTCA, a classification of the angiographic findings and their potential mechanisms is presented. Recognition and analysis of these angiographic findings may be helpful in evaluating the long-term outcome of patients undergoing PTCA. PMID- 6219569 TI - In vivo quantitation of platelet deposition on human peripheral arterial bypass grafts using indium-111-labeled platelets. Effect of dipyridamole and aspirin. AB - Indium-111-labeled autologous platelets, injected 48 hours after operation, were used to evaluate the thrombogenicity of prosthetic material and the effect of platelet inhibitor therapy in vivo. Dacron double-velour (Microvel) aortofemoral artery bifurcation grafts were placed in 16 patients and unilateral polytetrafluoroethylene femoropopliteal grafts were placed in 10 patients. Half the patients in each group received platelet inhibitors before operation (dipyridamole, 100 mg 4 times a day) and after operation (dipyridamole, 75 mg, and acetylsalicylic acid, 325 mg 3 times a day); the rest of the patients served as control subjects. Five-minute scintigrams of the graft region were taken with a gamma camera interfaced with a computer 48, 72, and 96 hours after injection of the labeled platelets. Platelet deposition was estimated from the radioactivities of the grafts and expressed as counts per 100 pixels per microcurie injected. Dipyridamole and aspirin therapy significantly reduced the number of platelets deposited on Dacron grafts and prevented platelet accumulation over 3 days. With the small amount of platelet deposition on polytetrafluoroethylene femoropopliteal artery grafts even in control patients, platelet inhibitor therapy had no demonstrable effect on platelet deposition on these grafts. It is concluded that (1) platelet deposition on vascular grafts in vivo can be quantitated by noninvasive methods, and (2) dipyridamole and aspirin therapy reduced platelet deposition on Dacron aortofemoral artery grafts. PMID- 6219570 TI - Influence of aortic stenosis on the hemodynamic importance of coronary artery narrowing in dogs without left ventricular hypertrophy. AB - Coronary hemodynamic effects of controlled left ventricular outflow obstruction stimulating aortic valve stenosis were studied in 20 open-chest dogs, with and without graded coronary artery diameter narrowing. Aortic stenosis was regulated so that a mean left ventricular-aortic pressure gradient of 46 +/- 20 mm Hg (mean +/- standard deviation) was created as both heart rate and stroke volume were unchanged. In addition, during aortic stenosis, mean aortic pressure (105 +/- 17 to 84 +/- 15 mm Hg, p less than 0.05) and diastolic pressure time index/systolic pressure time index ratio (1.2 +/- 0.3 to 0.6 +/- 0.2, p less than 0.05) decreased and end-diastolic left ventricular pressure (7 +/- 4 to 14 +/- 6 mm Hg, p less than 0.05) increased. With no coronary narrowing, mean coronary flow increased during aortic stenosis (53 +/- 23 to 62 +/- 23 ml/min) as the percentage of diastolic flow increased (83 +/- 6 to 89 +/- 4) and endocardial/epicardial ratio decreased (1.14 +/- 0.16 to 0.95 +/- 0.24) (all p less than 0.05). Peak reactive hyperemic flow also decreased (168 +/- 85 to 125 +/- 73 ml/min, p less than 0.05). This value with no coronary narrowing was similar to peak hyperemic flow with 60% narrowing without aortic stenosis. With 90% coronary narrowing, mean coronary flow decreased with or without aortic stenosis. Transmural flow distribution also decreased but was lower during aortic stenosis (0.86 +/- 0.19 to 0.61 +/- 0.25, respectively; p less than 0.05). These data suggest that although mean coronary flow is increased during aortic stenosis, endocardial flow may be limited, and coronary reserve exposed during reactive hyperemia appears decreased. When a coronary artery is narrowed, aortic stenosis has an even more important hemodynamic influence on the coronary circulation. PMID- 6219571 TI - Coronary arterial rupture during coronary angioplasty. AB - Although percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) appears to be a relative safe and effective procedure, reported complications include coronary occlusion and dissection with or without acute myocardial infarction. Herein, a hitherto unreported complication of PTCA is described. PMID- 6219572 TI - Usefulness of echocardiographic right ventricular measurements in estimating right ventricular hypertrophy and right ventricular systolic pressure. AB - Right ventricular wall thickness (T) measurements were made in 111 patients by echocardiography to evaluate their usefulness in diagnossing right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH) and in predicting right ventricular peak systolic pressure (P). Anatomic and echocardiographic findings of RVH were compared in 36 of 111 subjects: diastolic T (dT) and systolic T (sT) had a sensitivity of 90 and 34% and a specificity of 94 and 100%, respectively, in the diagnosis of RVH. Echocardiographic and hemodynamic findings were compared in the remaining 75 of 111 patients undergoing cardiac catheterization: dt was 6.5 +/- 2.7 mm in 46 patients with elevated P (58.2 +/- 30.2 mm Hg) versus 3.8 +/- 0.9 in 29 patients with normal P (26.3 +/- 2.7 mm Hg) (p less than 0.01). The dT and P had a linear correlation (r = 0.92) in 40 patients with right ventricular end-diastolic dimension less than 13 mm/m2. Estimates of P in 22 patients with atrial septal defect and right ventricular end-diastolic dimension greater than 13 mm/m2 were fairly good (r = 0.83). It is concluded that echocardiographic measurements of T are useful in diagnosing RVH and in estimating P. PMID- 6219573 TI - Factors influencing left ventricular hypertrophy in systemic hypertension. PMID- 6219574 TI - Tissue zinc status of genetically diabetic and streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. AB - A structural and functional relationship exists between zinc and insulin. In the present study zinc concentrations of various tissues from genetically diabetic and streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice and their appropriate control mice were determined. The zinc concentrations were depressed in serum and femur of C57BL/Ks db+/db+ mice (db/db) when compared with their nondiabetic heterozygote controls (db/m) and homozygous controls (m/m). No differences were noted in the hepatic or renal Zn concentration of the db/db, db/m, or m/m mice. Zinc supplementation in the drinking water for a 4-wk period had no effect on serum or tissue zinc concentration. Hyperzincuria was noted in the db/db mice. No differences were noted in the Zn concentration of serum or tissue in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice compared to their controls. These data suggest that zinc deficiency may play a role in the pathogenesis of the insulin resistance present in type II (insulin independent) diabetics. PMID- 6219575 TI - Presence of circulating macromolecular IgA in patients with hematuria due to primary IgA nephropathy. AB - The relation between renal histologic features and the presence of circulating immune complexes was studied in 50 patients with hematuria. Primary IgA nephropathy was found in 25 patients, and various other forms of glomerulopathy were seen in the remaining 25 patients. Circulating immune complexes were detected with the 125I-C1q-binding assay, the conglutinin-binding assay, and the anti-IgA inhibition binding assay, the latter detecting specifically IgA containing immune complex-like material. The 125I-C1q-binding assay gave negative findings for all patients except one. With the conglutinin-binding assay, immune complexes were found in a similar frequency for patients with and without IgA nephropathy. However, the anti-IgA inhibition binding assay gave positive results only in patients with primary IgA nephropathy (68 percent) and in none of the other patients. Sucrose density ultracentrifugation, as well as experiments in which the anti-IgA inhibition binding assay was performed with and without pretreatment of serum with polyethylene glycol, showed the presumed IgA immune complexes to have intermediate sedimentation coefficients (11 to 21S). The presence and level of this macromolecular IgA in the circulation correlated significantly (p less than 0.001) with the presence of hematuria in patients who had this clinical manifestation intermittently. Furthermore, a significant correlation (r = 0.69, p less than 0.0001) was found between the degree of hematuria and the degree of positive findings of the anti-IgA inhibition binding assay. This study shows that in patients presenting with hematuria, a positive finding on the anti-IgA inhibition binding assay is restricted to patients with primary IgA nephropathy and therefore could be of diagnostic value. PMID- 6219576 TI - Treatment of serious infections with moxalactam. AB - In 93 hospitalized patients, 111 bacterial infections were treated with moxalactam. Eighty-three infections responded well to therapy, nine infections failed to respond to therapy or relapsed, and nine infections showed superinfection with resistant bacteria. The great majority of bacteria isolated had mean inhibitory concentrations below levels readily achieved in plasma, cerebrospinal fluid, bile, abscess fluid, and peritoneal fluid. Among the commonly identified bacteria, only Pseudomonas aeruginosa, enterococci, and Staphylococcus epidermidis had variable sensitivity to moxalactam. PMID- 6219577 TI - Effects of dichloromethylene diphosphonate in women with breast carcinoma metastatic to the skeleton. AB - Ten women with skeletal metastases from breast carcinoma received dichloromethylene diphosphonate (Cl2MDP), an inhibitor of osteoclast function, in a placebo-controlled, double-blind, crossover study. Eight of these patients had either hypercalcemia or hypercalciuria, and all 10 had elevated urinary hydroxyproline levels as evidence of active skeletal disease. Eight patients had moderate to severe bone pain. After eight weeks of oral dichloromethylene diphosphonate treatment (3,200 mg per day), either preceded by or followed by an eight-week placebo period, seven of eight patients with hypercalciuria had significant reductions in urinary calcium levels, and nine of 10 had reductions in urinary hydroxyproline levels (significant in eight) when the dichloromethylene diphosphonate treatment periods were compared with prestudy or placebo periods. Additionally, seven of eight subjects had decreased pain with dichloromethylene diphosphonate. There were no adverse effects other than transient diarrhea in some patients. We conclude that oral dichloromethylene diphosphonate can significantly inhibit osteoclast-mediated bone destruction in patients with bone metastases from breast cancer. PMID- 6219578 TI - Comparative study of available medical therapy for hypercalcemia of malignancy. AB - The relative efficacy of five drugs in the treatment of hypercalcemia of malignancy was assessed in a randomized study. The drugs were oral phosphate, mithramycin, glucocorticoids, indomethacin, and ethane-1-hydroxy-1, 1 diphosphonate (EHDP). No single agent was universally effective. Oral phosphate and mithramycin were the most efficacious, each producing a decrease in serum calcium concentrations in four of five patients, although there were serious disadvantages with the use of each. Glucocorticoids were effective in only two of five patients who received randomized treatment. A further five patients received nonrandomized treatment with glucocorticoids, and only three of these showed response. Indomethacin was effective in only one of five patients to whom it was given, and EHDP was effective also in only one of five patients. The new diphosphonate, 3-amino-1-hydroxypropane-1, 1-diphosphonate (APD) was evaluated in the treatment of hypercalcemia in 13 patients with malignant disease and two with primary hyperparathyroidism. APD caused a significant decrease in serum calcium concentration in nine of 12 patients within 72 hours. These results indicate that there is no currently available pharmacologic agent that is entirely satisfactory in the treatment of hypercalcemia. The most effective agents were mithramycin, oral phosphate, and APD. Glucocorticoids and orally administered EHDP showed limited effectiveness, and indomethacin was ineffective in the majority of patients. PMID- 6219579 TI - Community-acquired opportunistic infections and defective cellular immunity in heterosexual drug abusers and homosexual men. AB - Fourteen previously healthy young patients with unusual community-acquired opportunistic infections were seen over a period of three years. They differ from patients previously described in that 11 were heterosexual drug abusers (including two women) and only three were homosexual men. There were eight Puerto Ricans, five blacks, and one white. Infections included Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (seven), disseminated Mycobacterium intracellulare infection, histoplasmosis, cryptococcosis, and cytomegalovirus infection (one each), oral thrush (13), and Candida esophagitis (two). All patients had impaired cellular immunity manifested by cutaneous anergy and lymphopenia, and all 11 tested had a markedly decreased ratio of T helper/inducer cells to T suppressor/cytotoxic cells. Twelve had evidence of associated viral infection (Epstein-Barr virus in nine, cytomegalovirus in five, Herpes simplex type 2 in two). Clinical presentation was with a severe opportunistic infection or with a prodrome consisting of oral thrush and nonspecific findings including malaise, fever, lymphadenopathy, or cough. The syndrome of immunodeficiency and opportunistic infection occurs in nonwhite heterosexual drug abusers, not exclusively in white homosexual men, and patients may present for medical care before the onset of a severe opportunistic infection. PMID- 6219580 TI - Therapy of malignancy-associated hypercalcemia: 1983. AB - Hypercalcemia is common among patients with cancer and may be due to secretion by tumors of a humoral, calcemic, bone-resorbing factor or, alternatively, to skeletal metastases. In each case, hypercalcemia ultimately results from osteoclastic bone resorption. Therapy should be aimed at (1) reducing or eliminating tumor burden, (2) increasing renal calcium clearance, and (3) inhibiting osteoclastic bone resorption. Hydration with saline infusion and augmentation of calciuresis with furosemide should be the initial modes of therapy in most patients. Oral phosphorus should be used in hypophosphatemic patients. Glucocorticoids, calcitonin, and prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors may be effective in reducing bone resorption in selected patients. Mithramycin reliably induces a fall in serum calcium but long-term use is usually complicated by toxicity. A new class of drugs that inhibit osteoclastic bone resorption, the diphosphonates, is being employed in clinical trials in patients with malignancy associated hypercalcemia. Results have been particularly promising with dichloromethylene diphosphonate. PMID- 6219581 TI - Age-of-onset heterogeneity in Huntington disease families. AB - Ten Huntington disease (HD) families are analyzed using maximum likelihood methods to study age-of-onset (AO) heterogeneity. Both age of onset and age at examination are used in calculating an individual's likelihood of being affected; familial correlations and family structure are not included in the model. The model allows for differences in current age distributions by considering the distribution of age of onset conditional on age at examination. Families are grouped according to family type (ie, juvenile-onset families and adult-onset families) and then analyzed within each family type as well as between the two types, using both a chi-square test for heterogeneity and F-ratios. The results of the chi-square analyses indicate heterogeneity in AO among the individual families as well as between the two family types. However, the results of the F ratios show no significant difference between the two family types, indicating that the difference in the chi-square analysis between the two family types is mostly owing to variation among the families. Thus, the results demonstrate that the existing variation in age of onset between these two family types is dwarfed by the magnitude of the variation among the families within each type. This implies that families of sufficient size should be evaluated individually for age of-onset data for the purpose of either genetic counseling or linkage studies. PMID- 6219582 TI - Attitudes regarding utilization of artificial insemination by donor in Huntington disease. AB - We report on a study of attitudes toward artificial insemination by donor (AID) of persons at risk for Huntington disease (HD). The subjects of the study were 91 at risk persons and 68 matched controls. Both groups were divided by sex and age (45 yr less than or equal to vs greater than or equal to 46 yr). Demographic data included age, occupation, marital status, religion, education, ethnic background, and family size. We recorded 1) attitudes toward reproduction, 2) nature of contact with affected family member(s), 3) effects of HD on family planning, 4) attitudes toward AID, and 5) concern about donor selection criteria. Results suggest that 1) men and women differ in several ways with regard to their views about AID, and 2) that more vigorous educational programs might increase utilization of AID for the prevention of not only HD, but other human genetic diseases as well. PMID- 6219583 TI - Development of Alzheimer disease in Down syndrome individuals. AB - Results of autopsies have indicated that people with Down syndrome who live longer than 40 years develop the brain pathology of Alzheimer disease, a presenile dementia. Because of their initially low levels of mental functioning, Down syndrome persons' clinical symptoms frequently go undetected until the disease is advanced and deterioration severe. Study of this doubly inflicted population is critical to development of appropriate assessment methods and to the study of the role of genetics in aging. A preliminary investigation of the AAMD Adaptive Behavior Scale (ABS) as a potential diagnostic tool was presented. The ABS clearly differentiated the regressed from the well-functioning Down syndrome individuals, offering promise as a practical assessment device. PMID- 6219584 TI - Speech training by parents of Down syndrome toddlers: generalization across settings and instructional contexts. AB - A multiple baseline design was used to investigate the acquisition and subsequent generalization of vocal imitation training skills by parents of language-delayed Down syndrome preschoolers. The use of modeling, prompting, and feedback techniques readily produced increases in correct use of prompts and praise by parents as well as decreases in tangential statements while they were conducting structured imitation training with their children in an experimental preschool. These changes in parental behavior were associated with improved vocal imitation and decreased disruptive behavior by their children. The newly acquired parental skills did not extend to free-play sessions at home. In a subsequent manipulation, parents received instructions to use their skills at home, were taught how to adapt them to the free-play format, and were given feedback based upon audio tapes of the home sessions. This resulted in rapid increases in targeted parental behavior at home as well as increases in children's vocal imitation and spontaneous vocalization. PMID- 6219585 TI - Menstrual pattern changes following laparoscopic sterilization with different occlusion techniques: a review of 10,004 cases. AB - A comparison is made of menstrual pattern changes reported by 10,004 women undergoing interval and postabortion sterilization by the laparoscopic occlusive techniques of unipolar electrocoagulation, the tubal ring, the prototype spring loaded clip, and the Rocket clip. Controlling for prior contraceptive use, the menstrual patterns in these women sterilized by the four techniques were compared with respect to six parameters: cycle regularity, cycle length, menstrual flow duration, amount of flow, dysmenorrhea, and intermenstrual bleeding. The majority of women reported no menstrual changes subsequent to sterilization. When changes were experienced, they occurred in equal proportions in opposite directions. Depending on the parameter, from 15% to 79% of the menstrual pattern changes seen within 6 months after sterilization in women who were using oral contraceptives or intrauterine contraceptive devices at the time of sterilization could be attributed to the discontinuation of those methods of contraception. There were no significant differences between the several occlusion technique groups with respect to the proportion of women who reported changes in their menstrual patterns after sterilization. PMID- 6219587 TI - Metabolic organization of muscle and brown fat of normal and dystrophic hamsters. AB - The thermogenic response to catecholamines, i.e., regulatory nonshivering thermogenesis (NST), is significantly reduced in dystrophic hamsters (BIO 14.6) compared with age-matched normals. The possibility that this reduction reflects, in part, lower levels of enzymes in those tissues implicated in NST has been examined by assaying citrate synthase (CS), beta-hydroxyacyl CoA dehydrogenase (HOAD), and phosphofructokinase (PFK), enzymes whose activity reflect the potential flux of substrates through the tricarboxylic acid cycle, beta oxidation, and glycolysis, respectively. Each enzyme was assayed in brown fat, heart, gastrocnemius, and semitendinosus of 3-mo-old normal (n = 15) and dystrophic (n = 18) hamsters. Brown fat masses from interscapular, cervical, and scapular-axillary regions of dystrophics averaged only 50% those of normals (424 vs. 890 mg). Additionally, markers of aerobic metabolism (CS and HOAD) were significantly reduced in the brown fat from dystrophic animals. (CS activities averaged 59% of normal, whereas HOAD activities averaged 75% of normal). In dystrophic animals CS and HOAD levels were similar to those of normals in cardiac tissue but were significantly elevated in skeletal muscle samples. Tissue PFK activities were reduced only in cardiac tissue of the more affected dystrophics. Thus decreased NST capacity in dystrophic hamsters is accompanied by reduced masses and CS values in brown fat but not by decreases in the aerobic markers in skeletal or cardiac muscle. PMID- 6219588 TI - Characteristics of physician visits for back symptoms: a national perspective. AB - There are no national data on the extent of back problems in the population of the United States, but it is known that back symptoms is the second leading symptomatic reason expressed by patients for visiting physicians. To provide insight into the scope of this problem, data from the National Ambulatory Medical Care Surveys of 1977 and 1978 were examined using the sex of the patient and the physician's degree (MD or DO) as control variables, and typical encounter characteristics as dependent variables. Males 45-64 years of age had the highest visit rate, and visit rates for men 15-64 years of age were higher than those of women the same age. Common diagnoses were sprains and strains, arthritis and rheumatism, displacement of intervertebral disc, and diseases of urinary tract, with men more likely than women to have injuries. DOs were more likely to treat accidental injuries than were MDs. It is recommended that differential diagnosis be taken into account before studying sex differences in complaints. PMID- 6219589 TI - Dentistry and the handicapped child. PMID- 6219590 TI - Cell response associated to NaCl effect in a freshwater teleost epidermis. A ultrathin section and freeze-fracture study. PMID- 6219591 TI - Electron microscopic observation on the structure of a freshwater teleost dermis with special reference to the dermo-epidermal junction. PMID- 6219592 TI - [Corrosion anatomic demonstration of the ventricular system of the dog brain]. PMID- 6219593 TI - Comparative anatomy of intervertebral discs and related structures in the cat (Felis catus) and jaguar (Panthera onca). PMID- 6219594 TI - Comparative histological study of the small intestine in lizards (Reptilia). PMID- 6219595 TI - Aspiration or carbon dioxide embolism? PMID- 6219596 TI - The influence of sufentanil on endocrine and metabolic responses to cardiac surgery. PMID- 6219597 TI - Alterations in influenza virus pulmonary pathology induced by diethyl ether, halothane, enflurane, and pentobarbital anesthesia in mice. AB - Three-week-old CD-1 mice infected with the PR-8 (mouse-adapted) strain of influenza virus while exposed to enflurane demonstrated a decrease in virus titers from the lungs of infected animals, less abnormality of lung histology, and an increase in survival in animals as compared with those receiving the other anesthetics tested. Greater than 90% mortality occurred in groups of mice which inhaled aerosolized virus and received no anesthesia, pentobarbital, diethyl ether, or halothane anesthesia 96 h following infection. Infected mice anesthetized with enflurane 96 h post-infection had significantly lower mortality rate (68%) when compared with the other groups. Halothane-anesthetized mice receiving intranasal influenza virus during anesthesia demonstrated increased survival and a delay in the mean day of death when compared with animals receiving either diethyl ether of pentobarbital anesthesia. Animals receiving enflurane during virus inoculation had an even lower mortality rate and a later mean day of death when compared with infected animals receiving day of the other three anesthetics. Examination of lungs from animals infected during anesthesia demonstrated influenza virus titers significantly less in the animals that received enflurane anesthesia when compared with the other groups. Histologic sections of lungs revealed extensive spread of the disease process into the alveoli and interstitium of the lungs of animals infected while receiving pentobarbital or diethyl ether anesthesia. Animals infected during halothane demonstrated pathologic characteristics similar to pentobarbital- and diethyl ether-treated groups; however, the changes were not as extensive. Mice infected during exposure to enflurane revealed only a mild bronchopneumonia. PMID- 6219598 TI - A comparison of zomepirac and codeine as analgesic premedicants in short-stay surgery. PMID- 6219586 TI - The role of cytoskeletal and cytocontractile elements in pathologic processes. PMID- 6219599 TI - The president's corner. Mitral valve prolapse. PMID- 6219600 TI - Comparison of electrocardiograms of chickens infected with viscerotropic velogenic Newcastle disease virus and virulent avian influenza virus. AB - Electrocardiograms of chickens infected with viscerotropic velogenic Newcastle disease virus (NDV) or virulent avian influenza virus (AIV) were characterized and compared. The ECG were monitored by radiotelemetry and were recorded twice daily before virus infection and during the course of the infection. Thirteen lead II intervals, segments, and amplitudes were measured and analyzed. The ECG of NDV-infected chickens were characterized by lengthened (P less than or equal to 0.05) ST segments and increased (P less than or equal to 0.05) P amplitudes. The ECG of AIV-infected chickens were characterized by lengthened (P less than or equal to 0.05) RS intervals, ST segments, TP intervals, and PR segments and by increased (P less than or equal to 0.05) P amplitudes. The TP intervals and PR segments of ECG of AIV-infected chickens were significantly (P less than or equal to 0.05) longer than those of NDV-infected chickens. The pronounced conduction delays indicated in the ECG of AIV-infected chickens may have diagnostic importance. PMID- 6219601 TI - T-lymphocyte subpopulation abnormalities in apparently healthy patients with hemophilia. AB - T-lymphocyte populations in 12 apparently healthy heterosexual adult patients with hemophilia have been examined to ascertain if these patients have abnormalities in their lymphocyte subpopulations similar to those in homosexual men, Haitian refugees, and narcotic addicts. A striking reduction in the helper to suppressor cell ratio ([0.86 +/- 0.14]:1) was found in 9 of the 12 patients. These abnormalities were similar to those previously described in two patients with hemophilia critically ill with Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, and in homosexual men. The abnormality in the ratio of helper to suppressor T cells may be related to the continual exposure of patients with hemophilia to commercial clotting factor concentrates. However, these patients with abnormal T-lymphocyte subpopulations remain healthy. At present there is insufficient evidence to advocate a change in therapeutic practices in patients with hemophilia. PMID- 6219603 TI - Compensation for occupational lung disease. PMID- 6219602 TI - Positron computed tomography for studies of myocardial and cerebral function. AB - Positron computed tomography is a noninvasive medical imaging technique. Biologically active, radiolabeled compounds are administered intravenously to patients and the distribution of the radioactivity is quantitatively measured. By using appropriate mathematical models and labeled compounds, quantitative measurements of local metabolism, blood flow and volume, protein synthesis, transport, receptor binding, drug kinetics, and concentrations can be obtained noninvasively. This technique goes beyond medical imaging; it allows local analytic assays of biochemical reactions. In the heart, the technique measures local blood flow as well as myocardial free fatty acid and glucose metabolism, and can clinically evaluate patients with ischemic heart disease or cardiomyopathies. In the brain, positron computed tomography can be used to examine alterations in blood flow and metabolism including ischemia and degenerative disorders (Huntington's disease and Alzheimer's disease), cerebral tumors, and epilepsy. In normal persons, positron computed tomography shows cerebral activations resulting from physiologic stimulation (auditory and visual). PMID- 6219604 TI - Adverse effects of new cephalosporins. PMID- 6219605 TI - Acne conglobata and arthritis. PMID- 6219606 TI - [Schooling of children with trisomy 21. A 4-year experience]. PMID- 6219607 TI - The transverse abdominal island flap: part I. Indications, contraindications, results, and complications. AB - The transverse abdominal island flap is not just another myocutaneous flap. Although it derives its blood supply from myocutaneous perforators, the portion of the skin and fat that overlies muscle comprises only about 20% of its surface. The surface area of the flap by far exceeds the surface area of the entire muscle that carries it. Its hemodynamics are more complicated than usual and consist of delicate communications between the superior and inferior deep epigastric systems and the deep and superficial epigastric systems across the midline. Its use in breast reconstruction has been as exciting as it is complex. We describe our experience with 60 consecutive patients and 65 transverse abdominal island flaps. PMID- 6219608 TI - Steroidogenesis in hydatidiform mole--sources of androgens. AB - Plasma concentration of testosterone is significantly higher in patients with a molar pregnancy than in those with a normal pregnancy at similar gestation. The source of this raised level of testosterone has been controversial with some suggesting the molar trophoblast while others, the hyperstimulated ovary as the main contributor. We have carried out a series of investigations involving measurements of testosterone levels in plasma before and after evacuation of the uterus and in fluid from molar vesicle and lutein cyst. Furthermore, in vitro study on the conversion of androstenedione and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) to testosterone and in vivo conversion of DHEA to testosterone and oestradiol before and after evacuation of the mole were conducted. Considering all the evidence together, it appears that the hyperstimulated ovary is probably the major source of the raised concentration of testosterone in molar pregnancy. On the other hand, although the molar trophoblast also makes some contribution as in normal pregnancy, the molar trophoblast is essential for the production of oestrogens. PMID- 6219609 TI - [Regulation of immunoglobulin production: role of the cellular receptors for the Fc portion of these molecules]. AB - The aim of this paper was to review the action of the receptors for the Fc portion of Ig on the polyclonal activation of human B lymphocytes. The IgG Fc fragments were shown to be digested by monocytes into peptides which triggered B cell differentiation and the release of a T-cell replacing factor termed (Fc)TRF. In the presence of PWM and monocytes, unbound aggregated IgG suppressed B-cell differentiation into Ig-synthesizing cells. This suppression was not isotype specific. After having bound aggregated IgG, T cells were able to display an isotype-restricted suppression of B-cell differentiation induced by PWM. Finally, soluble Fc gamma R released from T or B lymphocytes or neutrophils were found to inhibit both the synthesis of IgG and the maturation of B cells into IgM or Ig A secreting cells. PMID- 6219610 TI - The active T rosette: an early marker for T-cell activation. AB - This review summarizes some of the recent observations regarding the active T rosette assay. This test, performed under suboptimal technical conditions, identifies a subpopulation of T lymphocytes with high-avidity receptors for sheep red blood cells. They are Ia-positive but appear to lack an Fc receptor. They can be either OKT4-positive or OKT8-positive. Isolated active T-rosette populations are capable of recognizing and killing allogeneic cells and they also modulate B cell immunoglobulin production. They are directly correlated in vivo with specific cutaneous reactivity to an antigen. More interestingly, the percentage of active rosettes specifically increases in vitro after one hour of incubation with soluble or cellular antigens. This test fully correlates with the lymphocyte stimulation test. In the case of human mixed lymphocyte culture, the increase in active T rosettes is due to antigenic differences in the HLA D-DR region. The neoformation of active T rosettes is due to the early release of a rosetting factor. Drugs which are able to modulate T-cell functions, such as thymosin, transfer factor, isoprinosine and NPT-15392, also increase the percentage of active T rosettes. Therefore, the newly formed active T rosettes appear to be an early marker for lymphocyte activation. PMID- 6219611 TI - Decreased pyruvate dehydrogenase complex activity in Huntington and Alzheimer brain. AB - The activity of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDHC) was reduced in affected areas of brain from patients with Huntington disease (caudate, putamen) and Alzheimer disease (frontal cortex) where choline acetyltransferase (CAT) activity was low. PDHC was also deficient in an area (Huntington hippocampus) where CAT was not significantly reduced. The activity of fumarase, an inner mitochondrial marker, was normal in all areas examined. The activities of PDHC and CAT correlated well in caudate, putamen, and amygdala but not in hippocampus or frontal cortex. Both total activity and activation of PDHC were below normal in fibroblasts from 4 patients with C-21 trisomy Down syndrome, who are at very high risk to develop Alzheimer disease. However, no abnormality of PDHC was detected in Huntington or Alzheimer fibroblasts. Deficiency of PDHC may play a role in the pathophysiology of Huntington and Alzheimer diseases, although it does not appear to be a primary defect. Loss of tissue oxidative capacity may relate to the reduction in cerebral metabolic rate and blood flow which are characteristic of many dementing illnesses. PMID- 6219612 TI - Amitriptyline potentiates morphine analgesia by a direct action on the central nervous system. AB - Trycyclic antidepressants are often effective in the management of neuropathic pains. To elucidate the mechanism of tricyclic-induced analgesia, amitriptyline and other drugs were injected into lightly anesthetized rats either systemically or via lumbar intrathecal cannulas. Analgesia was assessed by measuring the latency of the tail flick reflex. Using this model, intrathecal amitriptyline (30 micrograms) significantly enhanced the analgesic effect of an intraperitoneal dose of morphine (0.5 mg/kg) that by itself produced no measurable effect. Given systemically, amitriptyline (30 or 100 micrograms intraperitoneally) was ineffective. Cocaine (30 micrograms) also potentiated morphine analgesia, but iprindole, a tricyclic antidepressant with a very weak inhibitory effect on monoamine uptake, was ineffective. This enhancement of analgesia by intrathecal amitriptyline was prevented by pretreating the rats with p-chlorophenylalanine (300 mg/kg). These results are consistent with the hypothesis that amitriptyline produces analgesia by blocking serotonin uptake and therefore enhancing the action of serotonin at the spinal terminals of an opioid-mediated intrinsic analgesia system. PMID- 6219613 TI - Morbilliform rash secondary to baclofen ingestion. PMID- 6219614 TI - [Resistance to antibiotics and heavy metal salts of coagulase-positive staphylococci belonging to different biological types (ecovars)]. AB - A total of 189 strains of S. aureus isolated from cows, sheep, swines, poultry, monkeys, rabbits, foxes, and humans and 23 strains of S. intermedius isolated from minks and sables were studied. The staphylococci belonged to different biological types (according to the Hajek-Marsalek's scheme) and ecovars (according to the Meyer-Witte's scheme). The strains were studied with respect to their resistance to 10 antibiotics (benzylpenicillin, streptomycin, tetracycline, levomycetin, erythromycin, oleandomycin, neomycin, kanamycin, monomycin, and novobiocin), mercuric chloride and cadmium sulfate. As a whole the frequency of resistance to the above preparations among the staphylococci of the animal origin was not high. Differences in the frequency and range of the resistance between strains belonging to different biological types (ecovars) were shown. The highest number of the resistant cultures was detected among the strains of the biological type E (ecovar canis) and atypical strains of S. intermedius isolated from the minks. The least number of the resistant cultures was detected among the strains of the biological type C1 (ecovar bovis) isolated from the cows. It was found that almost all strains of S. intermedius were resistant to cadmium sulfate. This may be used as an additional characteristic of the species. PMID- 6219615 TI - Mechanism of renal excretion of AM-715, a new quinolonecarboxylic acid derivative, in rabbits, dogs, and humans. AB - The mechanisms of the renal excretion of AM-715, a synthetic antimicrobial agent, were studied in rabbits, dogs, and humans. In both rabbits and humans, AM-715 clearance was greater than creatinine clearance and was profoundly decreased by the administration of probenecid. Thus, in these subjects, AM 715 was cleared by both tubular secretion and glomerular filtration. In dogs, however, the excretion ratio (close to unity), biological half-life, and stop-flow pattern of AM-715 were not affected by probenecid, indicating that the renal excretion of AM-715 took place mostly through glomerular filtration. These results suggest that renal excretion of AM-715 differs with animal species. PMID- 6219616 TI - Retrospective study of the toxicity of preparations of vancomycin from 1974 to 1981. AB - A retrospective chart review of 98 patients treated with 100 courses of intravenous vancomycin was undertaken to better define its toxicity. Most of the patients carried diagnoses of Staphylococcus aureus or Staphylococcus epidermidis infection. Auditory toxicity was not seen, and fever and rash occurred in only 1 to 3% of the subjects. Phlebitis was noted in 13% of the cases and required discontinuation of therapy in 2%. Therapy was complicated by neutropenia (polymorphonuclear leukocyte count, less than or equal to 1,000 cells per cm3) in 2% of the patients but was rapidly reversible. Nephrotoxicity was uncommon (5%) and reversible in subjects receiving vancomycin alone, even when the therapy was continued. However, 35% of the patients receiving vancomycin with an aminoglycoside developed significant elevations in serum creatinine. Although this high incidence may have been due to the patient population selected or to the aminoglycoside therapy alone, the possibility of additive toxicity between vancomycin and the aminoglycosides should be considered. PMID- 6219617 TI - Antibacterial activity of norfloxacin. AB - Norfloxacin, a new quinoline derivative, was studied in vitro, and determinations of agar dilution minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and broth dilution MICs and MBCs were made. Nalidixic acid and cinoxacin were used as comparative agents. Norfloxacin was found to be extremely active against all strains tested of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp., Proteus mirabilis, indole-positive Proteus spp. Serratia spp., Citrobacter spp., and Enterobacter spp., with MICs normally below 1 microgram/ml. It also was found to be highly active against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus saprophyticus, and enterococci, which are all resistant to nalidixic acid and cinoxacin. The MICs for norfloxacin obtained by broth dilution were slightly higher than those obtained by agar dilution, whereas the reverse was true for nalidixic acid and cinoxacin. The MBCs of norfloxacin were only slightly higher than the MICs, even at high inocula. The in vitro activity of norfloxacin was not dependent on the inoculum size, whereas both the MICs and the MBCs of nalidixic acid increased markedly for many of the strains tested when the inoculum was increased in broth dilution from 10(3) to 10(6) colony-forming units per ml. Norfloxacin seems to be a promising antibacterial agent for the treatment of urinary tract infections, especially those caused by Pseudomonas spp. and other species today requiring the use of injectable antibiotics. PMID- 6219618 TI - Conjugational transfer of gentamicin resistance plasmids intra- and interspecifically in Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis. AB - We have previously reported the transfer of gentamicin resistance (Gmr) plasmids in a mixed culture inter- and intraspecifically between strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis isolated at Michael Reese Hospital (Jaffe et al., Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 21:773-779, 1982). We have now shown that representatives of these plasmids were transferred between apparently nonlysogenic strains of S. aureus either in mixed culture in broth or by filter mating on agar medium. The mechanism of transfer appeared to be conjugation. A transferable Gmr plasmid (pSH8) mobilized or cotransferred a tetracycline R plasmid and a chloramphenicol R-plasmid that were not independently transferable. The transfer of Gmr plasmids was accompanied by a high incidence of deletion mutations with varied loss of plasmid resistance determinants and, with some mutants, loss of the ability to effect self-transfer. Restriction endonuclease digestion of pSH8 and its deletion mutants made it possible to assign the property of self-transfer to a specific segment of the pSH8 genome and provided the basis for a physical and genetic map of that plasmid. Similar Gmr plasmids from S. aureus strains isolated in locations remote from Michael Reese Hospital had resistance determinants and transfer properties comparable to those of pSH8. Our observations provide evidence for the conjugal transfer of some staphylococcal plasmids, apparently independent of the presence of phage. This mechanism may be of significance in the intra- and interspecific dissemination of resistance to aminoglycosides and other antibiotics in Staphylococcus spp. PMID- 6219619 TI - Bactericidal and synergistic activity of moxalactam alone and in combination with gentamicin against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. AB - The bactericidal activity of moxalactam, alone and in combination with gentamicin, was studied with macrobroth two-dimensional checkerboard and killing curve techniques against gentamicin-resistant and -susceptible strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Moxalactam was bactericidal at concentrations equal to or at least two to four times its inhibitory concentrations. Synergy at clinically applicable concentrations of moxalactam and gentamicin occurred with 6 of 14 gentamicin-resistant strains and 4 of 4 gentamicin-susceptible strains by the checkerboard technique and with 7 of 14 gentamicin-resistant strains by the killing curve technique. Synergy between moxalactam and gentamicin against gentamicin-resistant strains of P. aeruginosa is unpredictable and strain- and method-dependent. PMID- 6219620 TI - Rapid selection of organisms with increasing resistance on subinhibitory concentrations of norfloxacin in agar. AB - Serial passage of Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 or Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 on agar with subinhibitory concentrations of norfloxacin rapidly produced isolates with minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of norfloxacin up to 512 fold higher than that for the original strain. Although MICs of seven unrelated antibiotics were unchanged, increasing MICs occurred in parallel with norfloxacin, cinoxacin, and nalidixic acid regardless of which of these three organic acids was used to select for increased resistance. P. aeruginosa with a norfloxacin MIC of greater than 256 micrograms/ml could be selected; however, E. coli with MICs greater than the clinically achievable level of 16 micrograms/ml could not be produced. PMID- 6219621 TI - Renal disposition of moxalactam in experimental animals as revealed by stop-flow analysis. AB - The mechanisms of moxalactam excretion were studied by stop-flow analysis in dogs, monkeys, and rabbits. In dogs, the amount of moxalactam excreted in the urine was almost equal to that estimated by glomerular filtration. There was no specific moxalactam peak corresponding to the p-aminohippuric acid (PAH) peak in the stop-flow patterns of the dogs. The PAH peak disappeared with administration of probenecid, but the moxalactam stop-flow pattern showed no change. In monkeys, no specific moxalactam peak corresponding to the PAH peak could be detected. In the stop-flow pattern of the rabbit, the peak moxalactam concentration corresponded with that of PAH and disappeared with probenecid. These results suggest that in dogs and monkeys renal excretion of moxalactam takes place mostly through glomerular filtration. In rabbits, however, there is a small renal tubular secretory component added to the primary element, glomerular filtration. These observations point to differences in the mechanisms of moxalactam excretion in different animal species. PMID- 6219622 TI - In vitro antibacterial activity of norfloxacin (MK-0366, AM-715) and other agents against gastrointestinal tract pathogens. AB - A comparison was made of the in vitro activities of norfloxacin and of nine other orally administered antibacterial agents against 180 clinical isolates representing the bacterial species most frequently implicated in infections of the gastrointestinal tract in humans. The 90% minimal inhibitory concentrations showed norfloxacin to be 4, 15, 4, 17, 17, 17, and 33 times more active than the next best compound tested against Campylobacter fetus subsp. jejuni, Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., Shigella spp., Vibrio cholerae, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, and Yersinia enterocolitica, respectively, with an overall 90% minimal inhibitory concentration of less than or equal to 0.5 micrograms/ml. Norfloxacin was least active against Clostridium difficile (90% minimal inhibitory concentration, 128 micrograms/ml). These results should encourage further evaluation of norfloxacin as a potential chemotherapeutic agent in the treatment of enteric bacterial infections for which antibiotic therapy is indicated. PMID- 6219623 TI - Influence of high-mobility-group nonhistone chromosomal proteins 1 and 2 on the digestion of chromatin with micrococcal nuclease. PMID- 6219624 TI - A high-affinity calcium-stimulated ATPase activity in the hen oviduct shell gland. PMID- 6219625 TI - Characterization of an ATP-Mg2+-dependent guanine nucleotide-stimulated adenylate cyclase from Neurospora crassa. AB - A novel adenylate cyclase activity was found in crude homogenates of Neurospora crassa. The adenylate cyclase had substantial activity with ATP-Mg2+ as substrate differing significantly from the strictly ATP-Mn2+-dependent enzyme characterized previously. Additionally, the ATP-Mg2+-dependent activity was stimulated two- to fourfold by GTP or guanyl-5'-yl-imido-diphosphate (Gpp(NH)p). We propose that the ATP-Mg2+-dependent, guanine nucleotide-stimulated activity is due to a labile regulatory component (G component) of the adenylate cyclase which was present in carefully prepared extracts. The adenylate cyclase had a pH optimum of 5.8 and both the catalytic and G component were particulate. The Km for ATP-Mg2+ was 2.2 mM in the presence of 4.5 mM excess Mg2+. Low Mn2+ concentrations had no effect on adenylate cyclase activity whereas high concentrations of Mn2+ or Mg2+ stimulated the enzyme. Maximal Gpp(NH)p stimulation required preincubation of the enzyme in the presence of the guanine nucleotide and the K1/2 for Gpp(NH)p stimulation was 110 nM. Neither fluoride nor any of a variety of glycolytic intermediates or hormones, including glucagon, epinephrine, and dopamine, had an effect on ATP-Mg2+-dependent adenylate cyclase activity. However, the enzymatic activity was stimulated not only by GTP but also by 5'-AMP and was inhibited by NADH. PMID- 6219626 TI - Identification of lymphocyte subsets in the newborn using a variety of monoclonal antibodies. AB - Using a small sample of peripheral venous blood, the normal range for lymphocyte subpopulations (T-cell, B-cell, T-suppressor cell, and T-helper cell) was defined in non-infected preterm and term infants. Lymphocyte subsets were identified using a variety of monoclonal antisera, and analysis was performed using a fluorescent activated cell sorter. Such methods allow an objective assessment of absolute numbers of cells per unit volume of whole blood. There was no significant difference in absolute numbers of lymphocyte subsets between term and preterm appropriate for gestational age (AGA) infants. Infants who were small for gestational age (SGA) had a significant deficiency in absolute numbers of total T cells, helper and inducer T-lymphocytes, and B-cells compared with both term and preterm AGA infants. All newborn infants (term and preterm; AGA and SGA) had a highly significant increase in absolute numbers of both helper and suppressor T lymphocytes compared with normal adults. PMID- 6219627 TI - Cell-kinetic investigations on the epidermis of uninvolved skin of patients suffering from seborrheic eczema. PMID- 6219628 TI - Plasma and suction blister fluid levels of etretinate and its main metabolite during treatment of psoriasis. PMID- 6219629 TI - Dermatologic radiotherapy and breast cancer. Dose measurements and risk quantification. AB - This study was set up to provide quantitative data to evaluate unsubstantiated claims that improper dermatologic radiation techniques may cause breast cancer. A thin mylar window ionization rate meter placed at the location of the right breast of an Alderson-RANDO anthropomorphic phantom was used to measure direct and scatter radiation reaching the female breast during radiotherapy of the facial region (as given for acne). The results indicate that scatter doses are very small; they are influenced by radiation quality and the use or nonuse of a treatment cone. Quantitative risk estimates show that the very small risk of breast cancer induction can be reduced even further by the use of proper radiation protection measures. PMID- 6219630 TI - Flushing in rosacea: a possible mechanism. AB - Flushing in rosacea has been investigated by means of (a) pharmacological inhibition of some possible chemical mediators and (b) titration of bradykinin as a possible effector directly in the blood. Clonidine-inhibited flushing was seen in all patients (mean 45%), other drugs had poorer results. Bradykinin increased in all patients at the climax of flushing (mean 60%). These findings support the hypothesis that epinephrine promotes a bradykinin release responsible for vasodilation. PMID- 6219631 TI - Effect of 13-cis-retinoic acid on sebum production and Propionibacterium acnes in severe nodulocystic acne. AB - Ten patients treated with 13-cis-retinoic acid demonstrated a 70% reduction in sebum excretion on the forehead and cheek. An average reduction of 66% occurred in the 1st month, slowly increased to 70% by the 3rd month, and then remained constant for the final 2 months of therapy. Concomitant with this sebum excretion reduction was a fall in the number of Propionibacterium acnes recovered from both sites. Pretreatment values of 10(4) P. acnes per square centimeter (cm2) fell to 10(3) per cm2 after 1 month and 10(2) after 9 months of therapy. P. acnes was not recovered from six of the ten subjects in the following 3 months and only at levels of 10(2) per cm2 in three subjects. One subject's P. acnes level was reduced to only 10(4) per cm2. Following discontinuation of therapy, sebum levels and P. acnes counts showed a trend to recover to pretreatment levels within 2 months. PMID- 6219632 TI - T gamma and theophylline-sensitive T lymphocytes in allergic contact dermatitis. AB - Two lymphocyte subpopulations, T cells bearing a receptor for the Fc fragment of IgG (T gamma) and theophylline-sensitive T cells, were investigated in 49 patients with allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) in the acute phase and compared with a control group. Patients with ACD had markedly reduced relative T gamma and theophylline-sensitive T lymphocyte levels, compared with normals (P less than 0.0005). The patients also showed reduced absolute T gamma and theophylline sensitive T cells with respect to the controls (P less than 0.01). To determine whether decreased levels of T gamma and theophylline-sensitive T cells were related to the activity of ACD, the same T-cell subsets were determined in 10 of 49 patients after the clearing of the contact dermatitis. Both T-cell subpopulations were found within the normal range. PMID- 6219633 TI - Suppressor cell decrease in alopecia areata. AB - There is considerable evidence to suggest that autoimmunity plays a role in the pathogenesis of alopecia areata. Since it is known that T cells regulate the immune system, a study was undertaken to measure T helper (OKT-4) and T suppressor (OKT-8) cells in the peripheral blood of patients with alopecia areata (both active and stable) and in controls. Total T cells, B cells, immunoglobulins, and autoantibodies were also measured. There was a highly significant decrease in the T-suppressor cell population of patients with alopecia areata (P less than 0.001). Two of ten patients had microsomal antibodies and three of ten had elevated IgE levels. Other parameters were not significantly different. The decrease in suppressor cells suggest an impairment of the prime negative regulator of the immune system, with loss of tolerance and resultant autoimmunity. PMID- 6219634 TI - Effect of oral methoxsalen photochemotherapy on human Langerhans cell number. Dose-response and time-sequence studies. AB - In human adult volunteers, oral 8-methoxypsoralen and UVA (PUVA) caused an almost linear dose-response effect in depleting adenosine 1--5 J/cm2 were used. A higher dose did not appreciably augment the LC depleting effect although the intensity of the PUVA-induced skin inflammation increased. After a single PUVA dose of 5 J/cm2, a nadir in LC density was achieved on day 8 after irradiation, with a decrease from the starting mean count of 704 +/- 58 cells/mm2 to 195 +/- 173 cells/mm2. On day 15 after irradiation, the LC count was still low (261 +/- 249 cells/mm2). In comparison, a single erythematogenic irradiation with a medium pressure mercury lamp emitting mainly UVB caused an LC depletion which was less intensive, peaked earlier and was almost completely restored by day 15. With both modalities morphological changes were induced in the LC, manifested initially as a shortening of the dendritic processes and later as cell enlargement and dendrite elongation. PMID- 6219635 TI - Chemotactic efficiency of various chemoattractants for polymorphonuclear leukocytes in inflammatory acne vulgaris. AB - The chemoattractant efficiencies of a Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) cell wall preparation, a P. acnes culture supernatant, and a soluble comedonal extract in the presence and absence of autologous serum for polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) have been compared in the present study. It has been found that all three preparations have no or very little chemotactic activity for PMNs in the absence of serum. In the presence of autologous serum chemotactic factors is generated by all preparations via the alternative complement pathway. The relative efficiencies of the various preparations to induce chemotactic factor by the alternate complement pathway has been evaluated. Based on the bacterial numbers of the original preparations from which the test preparations had been derived the comedonal extract appears to be more efficient in generating chemotactic factor than the other preparations. It is concluded that in vivo generation of chemotactic factors occurs mainly via the alternate complement pathway activated by soluble comedonal factors diffusing through the follicular wall. PMID- 6219636 TI - Activity of 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase delta 4-5 isomerase in the human skin. AB - The activity of 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase delta 4-5 isomerase (3 beta HSD) was assayed in various tissues microdissected from the freeze-dried human skin of 13 subjects. The sebaceous gland possessed the highest activity of 3 beta HSD in the skin, while the apocrine sweat gland showed only one fourth of that activity. The vellus hair follicle showed nearly one half of the activity of the sebaceous gland, whereas the terminal hair follicle exhibited much lower activity. The activity of the epidermis and of the dermis were negligible. Incubation of fresh whole skin of the forehead with 7 alpha-3H-DHA and subsequent isolation of various tissues revealed that the metabolites identified in the sebaceous gland were androstanedione and androstenedione, whereas testosterone and/or dihydrotestosterone were not detected. PMID- 6219637 TI - Effects of insecticides on the metal-activated hydrolysis of adenosine triphosphate by bluegill liver mitochondria. PMID- 6219638 TI - Chronic effects of inorganic and organic mercury on Daphnia magna: toxicity, accumulation, and loss. PMID- 6219639 TI - Gastroschisis--primary fascial closure. The goal for optimal management. AB - Since Raffensperger and Jona reported an 80% success rate with primary skin closure including a 16% rate of complete fascial closure in 24 patients with gastroschisis in 1974, primary fascial closure has been the author's preferred method. It has been possible to achieve complete fascial and skin closure in 17 of the last 21 patients (81%). Four infants in this series, one of whom was initially managed by another surgeon, were treated with brief application of a silon prosthesis with subsequent reduction and closure. The two keys to success of this method are thorough wash out of the meconium from the entire intestine and vigorous stretching of the abdominal wall. Assisted ventilation may be needed for 24 to 48 hours after operation and has been well tolerated. Transposition of an umbilical artery for cannulation and blood gas monitoring has been an important adjunct. The one death (5% mortality) resulted from prolonged bowel dysfunction and liver failure three months after operation. Other complications have been few and mild. Since some recent reports have indicated that primary closure is not being widely used in the treatment of gastroschisis, this series is presented to emphasize that this method can be used in most infants and with a very low complication rate. PMID- 6219640 TI - Surgery, trauma and immune suppression. Evolving the mechanism. AB - A major surgical procedure can impair the delayed hypersensitivity response. This impairment is associated with suppressor cell activity that can alter either afferent or efferent responses. Using the third party mixed leukocyte culture to define cell types involved, major immune impairment was seen with the combination of both nonadherent and plastic adherent cells, suggesting that a T cell macrophage interaction is required. A serum factor(s) is present in operated mice that can impair mixed leukocyte culture reactivity. A serum factor(s) in an adoptive transfer experiment is also capable of enhancing primary tumor growth. A unifying hypothesis, based predominantly on data from the current literature, is presented in an attempt to elucidate the mechanism by which all forms of major trauma are associated in some patients with "paradoxical" immune suppression. PMID- 6219641 TI - Downstream anastomotic hyperplasia. A mechanism of failure in Dacron arterial grafts. AB - The precise location and progression of anastomotic hyperplasia and its possible relationship to flow disturbances was investigated in femoro-femoral Dacron grafts in 28 dogs. In 13 grafts, the outflow from the end-to-side downstream anastomosis was bidirectional (BDO), and in 15 it was unidirectional (UDO) (distally). Grafts were electively removed at intervals of two to 196 days or at the time of thrombosis. Each anastomosis and adjacent artery was perfusion-fixed and sectioned sagittally. The mean sagittal section was projected onto a digitized pad, and the total area of hyperplasia internal to the arterial internal elastic lamina and within the adjacent graft was integrated by computer. The location of the hyperplasia was compared with previously established sites of flow separation and stagnation. The observation was made that hyperplasia is significantly greater at the downstream, as compared with the upstream, anastomosis in both groups (BDO = p less than 0.001 and UDO = p less than 0.001) (analysis of variance for independent groups). Furthermore, this downstream hyperplasia was progressive with time (BDO p less than 0.01) (UDO p less than 0.01); Spearman Rank Correlation. There was no significant increase in the extent of downstream hyperplasia where flow separation was known to be greater (BDO). Five grafts failed (three BDO, two UDO), as a result of complete occlusion of the downstream anastomosis by fibrous hyperplasia. Transmission electron microscopy showed the hyperplasia to consist of collagen-producing smooth muscle cells. Anastomotic hyperplasia is significantly greater at the downstream anastomosis, is progressive with time, and is the primary cause of failure of Dacron arterial grafts in this model. Quantitative analysis of downstream anastomotic hyperplasia may be a valuable measure of the biocompatibility of Dacron grafts. PMID- 6219642 TI - Effect of gossypol on boar spermatozoal adenosine triphosphate metabolism. AB - The effect of gossypol on boar spermatozoal adenosine triphosphate (ATP) metabolism was investigated. Gossypol has little effect on the activities of the total spermatozoal ATPase, the spermatozoal flagellar ATPase, and the mitochondrial fragment ATPase. The membrane ATPase, being exceedingly low, has not been considered for its susceptibility toward gossypol. Gossypol uncouples spermatozoal oxidative phosphorylation. A biphasic response (stimulation at low concentration and inhibition at high concentration) has been noticed in anaerobic lactate production and hypotonically treated spermatozoal mitochondrial ATPase activity. The ATP content, either under aerobic or anaerobic condition was reduced by gossypol with the reduction threshold of ATP more sensitive in the latter. The reduction of ATP follows two different reaction kinetics in which it is stabilized at moderate gossypol concentrations but progresses along with time at high concentrations. Since the drop in motility is more sensitive than the drop in ATP content and since the flagellar ATPase is not significantly inhibited by gossypol, a motility controlling component that is more sensitive to gossypol antimotility inhibition is proposed. PMID- 6219643 TI - Gossypol action on the production and utilization of ATP in sea urchin spermatozoa. PMID- 6219644 TI - Changes in myosin isozyme distribution induced by low doses of isoproterenol. AB - The Ca2+-activated myosin ATPase activity in isoproterenol-induced hypertrophied left ventricle increased by 20-30% while in Goldblatt rats hypertrophy occurred with a decreased myosin ATPase activity. In non-dissociating (pyrophosphate) gel electrophoresis isoproterenol treatment showed decreased V2 and V3 myosin isozymes; at the higher dose of isoproterenol (0.5 mg/kg body weight) only V1 was present. In contrast a shift toward the V3 isozyme is present in the ventricles of Goldblatt rats. One group of rats was treated with toxic doses of digitoxin: no hypertrophy occurred but there was a disappearance of V1 and V2 isozymes and a 50% decrease in Ca2+-activated ATPase activity. Thus low doses of isoproterenol produce hypertrophy with an isozyme pattern similar to that found in young (approximately 4-6 weeks old) rats. The results with digitoxin show that shifts in the cardiac isozyme distribution can occur without hypertrophy. PMID- 6219645 TI - Studies on the uterine inhibitory actions of diphenylhydantoins. AB - Diphenylhydantoin and diphenyl-thio-hydantoin inhibited the spontaneous motility of rat uterus in a dose-dependent manner. On molar basis diphenyl-thio-hydantoin was found to be 2.7 times as potent as diphenylhydantoin. The stimulant effects of acetylcholine, oxytocin, adenosine triphosphate, prostaglandins I2 and E2 were reduced by both hydantoins. Furthermore, hydantoins potentiated the inhibitory effects of sympathomimetic amines, theophylline, nitroglycerin and dibutyryl cyclic adenosine monophosphate. The uterine inhibitory actions of adrenaline, isoprenaline and phenylephrine were antagonized by propranolol but not by phentolamine. However, adrenergic blocking agents were ineffective against hydantoins indicating that their effects were not mediated through adrenergic receptors. Ouabain and sodium fluoride caused stimulation of uterine motility. Pre-treatment with ouabain did not block the inhibitory effect of hydantoins, while, sodium fluoride antagonized the inhibitory effects of hydantoins. Furthermore, even increasing the diphenylhydantoin concentration 10 times did not produce any relaxation in the presence of sodium fluoride. The results are discussed in relation to the effect of hydantoins on sodium pump and on membrane permeability. PMID- 6219646 TI - [Operative mortality and long-term development in aortic valve replacements. Effect of myocardial dysfunction. Apropos of 541 cases]. PMID- 6219647 TI - [Evaluation of function in left ventricle hypertrophy by echocardiography]. PMID- 6219648 TI - [Biochemical mechanism of myocardial adaptation in cardiac hypertrophy]. PMID- 6219649 TI - [Heterogeneity of formes frustes of Morquio's disease]. AB - Two children presenting with a mild form of Morquio's syndrome are reported. Clinically, there was a characteristic brevity of the trunk and slit lamp examination showed discrete corneal opacities. On X-ray films, generalized plastyspondylia was moderate but it was associated with hypoplasia of the odontoid process. Acetabula were enlarged with coxa valga; obliquity of inferior radio-cubital extremity was associated with a sharp pattern of the proximal end of metacarpi. Epiphyseal cartilage chondrocytes also looked like those of Morquio's syndrome: large cells containing numerous vacuoles, limited by a single smooth membrane. On the other hand, no keratosulfate was found in urines and N acetylgalactosamine-6-sulfate-sulfatase and beta-galactosidase assays in fibroblasts were normal. Thus, this mild form is different from the so-called Morquio's syndromes types A and B. PMID- 6219650 TI - Effects of p-chlorophenylalanine on rabbit taste receptor cells. AB - By administration of p-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA), a synthetic inhibitor of 5 hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), to rabbits, granular vesicles in the taste receptor cells remarkably decreased their contents. The recovery of this core substance depletion occurred in specimens killed on the 15th day after injection of the drug and in animals injected with 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) after treatment with PCPA. Electron microscope observation suggests that granular vesicles in the receptor cells are 5-HT-storing particles and favors the view based on recent fluorescence histochemistry which indicates the presence of a biogenic monoamine, presumably 5-HT, in rabbit foliate taste bud cells. PMID- 6219651 TI - The black thyroid. Its relation to minocycline use in man. AB - We studied a patient with a grossly black thyroid gland considered to be related to minocycline therapy. Microscopically, a brown granular pigment was localized in follicular cells and colloid, which histochemically was melanin or a melaninlike substance. Ultrastructurally, the pigment is confined to lysosomes. The pigment seems to be either an oxidative degradation product of the drug itself, or the results of an as yet unknown alteration of tyrosine metabolism by the drug. Although minocycline is known to interfere with thyroid function in animals, no evidence has been presented for such an effect in humans. The occurrence of a black thyroid gland in humans seems to be virtually pathognomonic for long-term minocycline therapy. PMID- 6219652 TI - [Cardiac scintigraphy with thallium-201 after coronary angioplasty--study of the regional myocardial perfusion and evaluation of coronary re-stenosis]. PMID- 6219653 TI - [Current role of hysterosalpingography in the diagnosis of female sterility]. PMID- 6219654 TI - Compensation or neurosis. PMID- 6219655 TI - Effect of streptozotocin on foetal lambs in mid-pregnancy. AB - Streptozotocin was administered to 11 foetal lambs in utero at 70-85 days of gestation. Four of the foetuses survived and, when delivered at 134-142 days, exhibited significant growth retardation of the trunk and delayed osseous maturation in limb bones. The foetal kidneys and livers were most affected, but in three of the four foetuses, the weight of the brain was appropriate for gestational age. Likewise head size, measured by length or biparietal diameter, was normal. The insulin content of the foetal pancreas was less after streptozotocin-treatment than in normal animals of a similar gestation. Two streptozotocin-treated foetuses, catheterized at 120 days gestation, had higher glucose concentrations and lower insulin responses than in controls when infused with glucose. Plasma concentrations of ovine placental lactogen were lower in streptozotocin-treated foetuses than in controls, but serum somatomedin-like activity measured by receptor assay was greater than in controls. When the foetal serum was chromatographed on Sephadex G150 at acid pH, the major size about 10000). The foetal growth retardation associated with streptozotocin administration in mid-pregnancy may be due to insulin deficiency, but the normal brain weight which occurred suggests that some other factor (possibly a somatomedin) regulates the growth of this organ. PMID- 6219656 TI - Acromegaly and the heart--echocardiographic and nuclear imaging studies. AB - Left ventricular mass (LV mass) and function were assessed in 16 acromegalic patients by echocardiography, and rest and exercise gated blood pool scanning (GBPS) respectively. At the time of study, five patients had active acromegaly, five were hypertensive and three had coexisting coronary artery disease. Increased LV mass was found in six (38%) patients, of whom four were hypertensive and two others had active acromegaly of long duration. One normotensive patient, who did not have coronary disease, had increased LV mass associated with persistently elevated growth hormone (GH) levels for the previous 11 years. Abnormal LV function, as detected by GBPS, occurred only in the three patients with coronary disease. Thus, acromegaly is associated with increased LV mass in hypertensive patients and normotensive patients who have prolonged elevation of GH levels prior to adequate treatment. We found no detectable impairment of LV function, at rest or exercise unless other cardiac disease was present. PMID- 6219657 TI - In vitro fertilization and the surgeon. AB - The recent successes with in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer in the management of female infertility have ramifications outside of gynaecology. Procedures of a general surgical nature in young women should be carried out with possible future oocyte aspiration via the laparoscope kept in mind. PMID- 6219658 TI - Hand in hand. PMID- 6219660 TI - [PGM1-focusing of the sperm from vaginal swabs]. PMID- 6219659 TI - An investigation of the involvement of histaminergic systems in novelty-induced grooming in the mouse. PMID- 6219661 TI - Studies of human T gamma cells: division of a T gamma subset in normal and leukemic cells by using anti-T gamma-CLL heteroantiserum. AB - A specific heteroantiserum was prepared against the leukemic cells from a patient with T-derived chronic lymphocytic leukemia (T-CLL). The anti-serum was absorbed with cells of a morphologically different type from another patient with T-CLL. Both the immunizing cells and absorbing cells had Fc receptor for IgG (Fc gamma R), so the former case was named T gamma-CLL type 1, and the latter T gamma-CLL type 2. This antiserum, termed anti-T gamma-1, reacted with 19% of normal peripheral blood T lymphocytes, but not with non-T lymphocytes or monocytes. The T lymphocytes in the blood that reacted to anti-T gamma-1 were 72% of the T gamma cells. Anti-T gamma-1 also reacted to 60-78% of the thymocytes. Except for T gamma-CLL type 1 cells, anti-T gamma-1 did not react with various types of leukemia cells from lymphoid malignancies, myelogenous leukemias and monocytic leukemias. Studies on the relation between anti-T gamma-1 and OKT8 monoclonal antibody revealed that anti-T gamma-1 reactive (anti-T gamma-1+) cells and OKT8+ cells largely overlapped, but they were different in part. More interestingly, OKT8 inhibited Fc gamma R binding, but anti-T gamma-1 did not. These results indicate that anti-T gamma-1 is useful for detecting a certain subset of T cells and for classifying lymphoproliferative disorders. PMID- 6219662 TI - Erythrocyte isozymes of phosphofructokinase in genetically high- and low-2,3 diphosphoglycerate rats. AB - A major locus (Dpg) with two alleles (d and D) controls erythrocyte 2,3 diphosphoglycerate (DPG) levels in Long-Evans rats and is closely linked to a locus (Hbb) determining a hemoglobin electrophoretic polymorphism. Glycolytic intermediate levels and phosphofructokinase (PFK) kinetic studies suggest that in vivo PFK activity differences underlie the differences in DPG levels. We report here chromatographic and immunologic evidence that rat erythrocyte PFK is composed of two isozymes which elute from DEAE-Sephadex at positions identical to those of the isozymes in platelets and liver, respectively. The percentage of platelet-type PFK is significantly (P less than 0.05) smaller in low-DPG (dd) hemolysates than in DD hemolysates regardless of hemoglobin phenotype. When hemolysates were prepared in a stabilizing buffer, PFK specific activity was significantly (P less than 0.005) higher in DD rats. These data suggest that the PFK kinetic differences may result from alterations in the isozyme composition of active PFK. PMID- 6219663 TI - Role of sulfhydryl compounds in the control of tyrosinase activity in Neurospora crassa. AB - It is known that Neurospora crassa mycelia cultured in standard concentrations (76 to 190 micrograms/ml) of sulfate accumulate a low molecular weight inhibitor of tyrosinase (monophenol, dihydroxyphenylalanine: oxygen oxidoreductase; EC 1.14.1.18.1.). This is not observed in cultures grown under sulfate-limiting conditions. The chemical nature of tyrosinase inhibition was investigated. It was shown to be due to the low molecular weight sulfhydryl fraction of the extracts, in which glutathione is predominant. The concentration of low molecular weight sulfhydryl compounds decreased sharply in mycelia submitted to various treatments which also derepressed tyrosinase, such as (i) starvation in phosphate buffer, (ii) treatment with cycloheximide, and (iii) mating. These results suggest that the concentration of sulfhydryl compounds may be of physiological significance in the control of tyrosinase activity in N. crassa. PMID- 6219665 TI - Two new low-molecular-weight acidic proteins from calf thymus nuclei that resemble HMG (high-mobility-group) proteins 14 and 17. AB - Two new, closely similar, acidic proteins were extracted and purified from calf thymus and designated AP-X and AP-Y (acidic proteins X and Y). They contain about 33% acidic residues, mostly non-amidated, and 20% lysine, but no arginine, tyrosine, histidine or tryptophan. There is a single phenylalanine residue in a molecular weight of approx. 5000. Circular dichroism and proton nuclear magnetic resonance show that they do not take up secondary or tertiary structure in free solution, as expected from the low content of hydrophobic amino acids. They appear structurally related to the high-mobility-group proteins HMG 14 and 17. Controlled extraction experiments indicate that proteins AP-X and AP-Y are at least partially located in the calf thymus nucleus. PMID- 6219664 TI - Mucolipidosis III beta-N-acetyl-D-hexosaminidase A. Purification and properties. AB - Mucolipidosis III acid hydrolases possess an altered carbohydrate recognition marker needed for their lysosomal localization. As a result of this alteration, a portion of these enzymes is secreted from the cell to the extracellular spaces. The structural changes that may have occurred to one of these secreted enzymes, beta-N-acetyl-d-hexosaminidase A (EC 3.2.1.52) were investigated. Normal and mucolipidosis III urinary beta-N-acetyl-d-hexosaminidase A were purified to apparent homogeneity by using affinity [Sepharose-2-acetamido-N-(epsilon aminocaproyl)-2-deoxy-beta- d-glucopyranosylamine] and ion-exchange (DEAE- and CM cellulose) chromatography. Sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide-slab-gel electrophoresis showed that both enzymes had similar subunit patterns consisting of apparent mol.wts. of 68000, 60000-58000, 55000 and 29000. Differences, however, were noted in the relative proportions of the protein bands where the normal urinary beta-N-acetyl-d-hexosaminidase A contained predominantly the smaller subunits, whereas the mucolipidosis III enzyme had a predominance of the larger subunits. The binding of mucolipidosis III beta-N-acetyl-d-hexosaminidase A to Ricinus communis lectin and concanavalin A with and without endo-beta-N acetyl-d-glucosaminidase H treatment indicated that the mutation leads to a modification of a portion of the normally occurring high-mannose-type oligosaccharide units to the complex-type. This was further supported by carbohydrate compositional analysis, which revealed a mannose/galactose ratio of 2.1 for the mucolipidosis III beta-N-acetyl-d-hexosaminidase A compared with a ratio of 3.5 for the normal enzyme. Our results indicate that as a result of their inability to be properly localized to the lysosome the majority of the mucolipidosis III lysosomal hydrolase high-mannose oligosaccharide units are further processed to the complex-type before secretion of predominantly higher molecular-weight subunits from the cell. PMID- 6219666 TI - Cation transport mechanisms in Mycoplasma mycoides var. Capri cells. The nature of the link between K+ and Na+ transport. AB - We have studied the links between the mechanisms of Na(+), K(+) and H(+) movements in glycolysing Mycoplasma mycoides var. Capri cells. In the light of the results reported in the preceding paper [Benyoucef, Rigaud & Leblanc (1982) Biochem. J.208, 529-538], we investigated certain properties of the membrane bound ATPase of Mycoplasma cells, with special reference to its ionic requirements and sensitivity to specific inhibitors. Our findings show, first, that, although Na(+) stimulated ATPase activity, K(+) did not affect it, and, secondly, that NN'-dicyclocarboidi-imide and 7-chloro-4-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1,3 diazole (NBD) were potent inhibitors of the basal ATPase activity, which was unaffected by vanadate and ouabain. We also investigated the movements of Na(+) and H(+) under the experimental conditions applied to the study of the K(+) uptake reported in the preceding paper, and found that when ;Na(+)-loaded cells' previously equilibrated with (22)Na(+) were diluted in a sodium-free medium, addition of glucose induced a rapid efflux of (22)Na(+). This energy-dependent efflux was independent of the presence of KCl in the medium. Studies of the changes in internal pH by 9-aminoacridine fluorescence or [(14)C]methylamine distribution indicated that the movement of Na(+) was coupled to that of protons moving in the opposite direction, a finding that supports the presence of an Na(+)/H(+) antiport. When Na(+)-loaded cells are diluted in an Na(+)-rich medium the Na(+)/H(+) antiport is still active, but cannot decrease the intracellular Na(+) concentration. Under such conditions, net (22)Na(+) extrusion is specifically dependent on the presence of K(+) in the medium. The present results and those derived from the study of K(+) accumulation (the preceding paper) can be rationalized by assuming that Mycoplasma mycoides var. Capri cells contain two transport systems for Na(+) extrusion: an Na(+)/H(+) antiport and an ATP consuming Na(+)/K(+)-exchange system. PMID- 6219667 TI - Further evidence for the classical pentose phosphate cycle in the liver. AB - Isolated rat hepatocytes were incubated with [3-(14)C]xylitol or d-[3 (14)C]xylulose plus xylitol or glucose at substrate concentrations. The glucose formed was isolated and degraded to give the relative specific radioactivities in each carbon atom. C-4 of glucose had the highest specific radioactivity, followed by C-3, with half to one-fifth that of C-4. Only about 1% of the total radioactivity was in C-1. The data are compared with the predictions of the classical pentose phosphate cycle [Horecker, Gibbs, Klenow & Smyrniotis (1954) J. Biol. Chem.207, 393-403], and the proposed new version of the pentose phosphate cycle in liver [Longenecker & Williams (1980) Biochem. J.188, 847-857], which they denoted as the ;L-type pentose cycle'. The Williams pathway predicts that the specific radioactivity of C-1 of glucose should be half that of C-4 (after correction for approximately equal labelling on C-3 and C-4 of hexose phosphate in the pathway involving fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase). The actual labelling in C 1 is 20-350-fold less than this. When the hepatocytes are incubated with phenazine methosulphate, to stimulate the oxidative branch of the pentose phosphate cycle, the predicted relationship between (C-2/C-3) and (C-1/C-3) ratios of specific radio-activities is nearly exactly in accord with the classical pentose phosphate cycle. Glucose and glucose 6-phosphate were isolated and degraded from an incubation of hepatocytes from starved/re-fed rats with [3 (14)C]xylitol. Although the patterns were of the classical type, there was more randomization of (14)C into C-2 and C-1 in the glucose 6-phosphate isolated at the end of the incubation than in the glucose which was continuously produced. PMID- 6219668 TI - The effect of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection on human erythrocytes: changes in osmotic fragility, lipid composition, sialic acid content, Ca2+-ATPase activities, and ATP concentration. PMID- 6219669 TI - Aging modulates some properties of skeletal myosin ATPase of rat. PMID- 6219670 TI - Mutants of Escherichia coli H+-ATPase defective in the delta subunit of F1 and the b subunit of F0. AB - Complete nucleotide sequence of the genes for subunits of the H+ ATPase of E.coli has been determined and several hybrid plasmids carrying various portions of these genes have been constructed. Genetic complementation and recombination tests of about forty mutants of E.coli defective in the ATPase were performed using these plasmids for identifying the locations of the mutations. Two mutants defective in the delta subunit and a novel type of mutant defective in the b subunit of F0 were identified. The delta subunit mutants showed no proton conduction, suggesting that this subunit has an important role for the proton conduction. The ATPase of the b subunit mutant has a normal activity of proton channel portion, which phenotype is clearly different from that of mutants of the b subunit reported previously. PMID- 6219671 TI - Action of the mitochondrial ATPase inhibitor protein on the Ca2+-ATPase of sarcoplasmic reticulum. PMID- 6219672 TI - The presence of a keratan sulfate-like glycoconjugate in microsomes of the cerebral cortex. PMID- 6219673 TI - Similarity of activation of yeast phosphofructokinase by AMP and fructose-2,6 bisphosphate. AB - Phosphofructokinase from yeast is effectively activated by AMP and fructose-2,6 bisphosphate by increasing the affinity of the enzyme to fructose-6-phosphate and the maximum activity toward this substrate. The enzyme is activated by AMP and fructose-2, 6-bisphosphate both at high and at low concentrations of ATP. The half maximum stimulation concentrations of AMP and fructose-2, 6-bisphosphate are about 200 microM and 2 microM, respectively. At saturating concentrations of AMP and fructose-2, 6-bisphosphate similar maximum activities were observed in the dependence of enzyme activity on the concentrations of fructose-6-phosphate. The fructose-6-phosphate affinity is more enhanced by fructose-2, 6-bisphosphate than by AMP. PMID- 6219674 TI - Kinetics of interaction between the H+-translocating component of the mitochondrial ATPase complex and oligomycin or dicyclohexylcarbodiimide. AB - Kinetics of interaction between the H+-translocating component of the mitochondrial ATPase complex and oligomycin or dicyclohexylcarbodiimide were studied in beef heart submitochondrial particles, and the results suggest that the two inhibitors have different binding sites with respect to the membrane and to F1. Oligomycin seems to be bound to a subunit or a part of a subunit in F0, which is localized superficially, and which is influenced by F1, since the presence of F1 considerably lowers the rate of inhibition. The oligomycin binding site further seems to be influenced by the different conformational states of F1 occurring during the catalytic cycle of the enzyme. The binding site of DCCD on F0, on the other hand, seems to be deeply embedded in the membrane and not influenced by F1. PMID- 6219675 TI - Developmental aspects of hepatic heme biosynthetic capability and hematotoxicity II. Studies on uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase. AB - delta-Aminolevulinic acid (ALA) synthetase is considered the rate-limiting enzyme in heme biosynthesis in mature mammalian liver. However, under various physiologic or toxicologic conditions, other enzymes of the heme biosynthetic pathway may become rate-limiting in this process. In the present studies, the ontogenic development of uroporphyrinogen (uro) decarboxylase was measured in rat liver, and the properties and potential influence of this enzyme on heme biosynthetic capability in adult and fetal liver were assessed. In addition, a quantitative comparison of the activity of uro decarboxylase with that of ALA synthetase was made as a means of estimating the relative effects of specific inhibitors of uro decarboxylase on hepatic heme biosynthetic capability at each stage of development. The results indicate that fetal uro decarboxylase activity is over three times that of the adult and that enzyme activity declines to the adult levels concomitant with a decrease in the hematopoietic cell composition of the liver near the time of birth. Moreover, fetal uro decarboxylase may be substantially more susceptible to physiologic or toxicologic alteration than is the adult enzyme. The fetus may, therefore, be at greater risk with respect to compromise of heme biosynthetic capability by agents which alter uro decarboxylase activity. PMID- 6219676 TI - Correlation between structure, fat-clearing and anticoagulant properties of heparins and heparan sulphates. AB - Heparins and heparan sulphates from different organs, of high purity by accepted criteria, were characterized by chemical and physical (including electrophoretic and 13C-NMR spectroscopic) methods. The fat-clearing activity of these preparations was shown to be correlated with their content of the trisulphated disaccharide units I2S-ANS,6S (L-iduronic acid 2-O-sulphate-N-sulphated D glucosamino 6-O sulphate). Species with low anti-lipemic activity contained significant proportions (greater than or equal to 30%) of nonsulphated uronic acids (especially D-glucuronic acid), and of D-glucosamino residues undersulphated at C-6, these latter residues being partially N-acetylated. Heparins from beef lung and sheep mucosa, predominantly consisting of trisulphated disaccharide units, displayed consistently higher antilipemic activity than the more heterogeneous pig mucosal heparins. The anticoagulant activity (as determined by the U.S.P., APTT and anti-Xa tests) was not a simple function of the measured physicochemical parameters. Trends were confirmed for pig mucosal heparins being more anticoagulant than beef lung preparations, and low molecular weight (usually undersulphated) species being more active in the anti-Xa test than in the U.S.P. and APTT tests. PMID- 6219677 TI - [Aedea aegypti, dengue and yellow fever]. PMID- 6219678 TI - [Occupational health. A health priority area for workers]. PMID- 6219679 TI - [Women in health and development. III. Difficulties presented by their participation in health care]. PMID- 6219680 TI - [Smoking habits of secondary school of students in Santiago, Chile]. PMID- 6219681 TI - [Streptococcal pharyngitis. Bacteriological aspects and its importance in public health]. PMID- 6219682 TI - [Poverty in the infant population of South America]. PMID- 6219683 TI - [Quantitative determination of the components present in a pharmaceutical preparation (antiseborrheic shampoo)]. PMID- 6219684 TI - [Changes in adenosinetriphosphatase activity in rat liver after CC14 poisoning]. AB - Our study shows evidences that CCl4 administration (at the dose of 2,5 ml/kg b.w. "per os") increased ATPase activities in rat liver plasmamembranes 1 and 2 hours after treatment. Conversely we found that CCl4 poisoning decreased ATPase activities in microsomal membranes of rat liver at the same tested times. Therefore we suggest that ATPase activities were differently influenced by CCl4 treatment with respect to different subcellular distribution of those enzymes. PMID- 6219685 TI - Transcatheter occlusion of coronary to bronchial anastomosis by detachable balloon combined with coronary angioplasty at same procedure. AB - The first case of non-operative occlusion of a large coronary to bronchial anastomosis is described. The patient who had severe angina had also a critical stenosis of the anterior descending coronary artery which was successfully dilated by an angioplasty procedure. An occluding balloon was detached in the large distal circumflex coronary artery, beyond all the normal branches. At a repeat catheterisation study seven months later the balloon was intact and in position, and the anastomosis remained occluded. PMID- 6219686 TI - Transluminal coronary angioplasty and early restenosis. Fibrocellular occlusion after wall laceration. AB - Transluminal coronary angioplasty was performed in a 51 year old man with a localised narrowing of the proximal segment of the left anterior descending coronary artery. Initial inflations with a small size balloon catheter were unsuccessful. A second attempt, during the same procedure, using a larger calibre catheter relieved the obstruction but produced a dissection. Angina pectoris reappeared approximately three months later. Another attempt to relieve the obstruction by angioplasty, five months after the initial procedure, induced ST segment elevation before angioplasty, followed by ventricular fibrillation and death. The necropsy showed a split in the pre-existent sclerotic plaque and a dissecting aneurysm of the media. A proliferation of fibrocellular tissue filled the false channel and almost totally occluded the pre-existent arterial lumen. The observation suggests that wall laceration with exposure of smooth muscle cells to blood may have initiated the excessive fibrocellular tissue response. This event may be the underlying pathogenetic mechanism for the occurrence of early restenosis after transluminal coronary angioplasty. PMID- 6219687 TI - Sources of error and their correction in the measurement of carbon dioxide elimination using the Siemens-Elema CO2 Analyzer. AB - The Siemens-Elema CO2 Analyzer 930 allows calculation of carbon dioxide elimination from the instantaneous measurement of expired gas flow (VE) and carbon dioxide fraction (FECO2). VE is measured in the ventilator and FECO2 at the Y-piece. The most important source of error in the measurement of carbon dioxide elimination is rebreathing, which corresponds to about 24 ml of end expiratory gas per breath with the standard Y-piece and tubing. This problem may be decreased by the use of non-return valves in the Y-piece. Allowance must be made for the effects of intermolecular interaction between carbon dioxide and the carrier gas, as the reading is about 20% greater with nitrous oxide than with oxygen. This problem can be largely circumvented by calibration with appropriate gas mixtures. Errors resulting from analyser delay are small, and are eliminated completely by the inclusion of fast electronic components. Carbon dioxide analysis is linear with air as carrier gas, but slightly alinear with nitrous oxide in oxygen mixtures. This error can be minimized by using calibration gases with a carbon dioxide content close to that of expired gas. The expiratory flow meter is linear if kept in good condition. Variations in temperature and water content of expired gas cause overestimation of mean expired carbon dioxide fraction (FECO2) by a factor of 1.01-1.02. Compressed gas in the tubing causes a small error which may be neglected at normal airway pressures with tubing of low compliance. Carbon dioxide measurement is slightly affected by barometric pressure. During mechanical ventilation of the lungs in 10 patients with air, FECO2 obtained after corrections for known errors agreed well with Scholander analysis of mixed expired gas. PMID- 6219688 TI - Immunofluorescence findings in haematoporphyrin-induced keloid. AB - A case of haematoporphyrin-induced keloid is described in which immunofluorescence (IF) revealed antibodies eluted from circulating lymphoid cells directed against fibroblasts. The antibodies eluted belonged to the main Ig classes IgD and IgM and they did not bind complement in vitro. Their possible activity in stimulating fibroblasts is discussed. PMID- 6219689 TI - Treatment of rosacea with i% metronidazole cream. A double-blind study. AB - Eighty-one patients with rosacea were treated with either I% metronidazole cream or the cream base as a placebo for two months. The trial was performed double blind, and the patients were assessed once each month. The variates studied were: (I) overall clinical assessment, (2) lesion counts, (3) degree of erythema, (4) independent photographic evaluation, and (5) patient's opinion. Four patients dropped out of the trial (one treated with metronidazole, three with placebo). In all the variates, I% metronidazole cream proved to be significantly more effective than placebo. PMID- 6219690 TI - A dose-response study of I3-cis-retinoic acid in acne vulgaris. AB - 13-cis-retinoic acid has been used as a single agent in the treatment of seventy six patients with previously unresponsive cystonodular acne. The study was carried out in a double-blind fashion using three doses of the drug. Ninety per cent of the patients responded with a 70% improvement in the acne severity. Sixty six per cent of the patients experienced no further problems with their acne during follow-up. Side-effects were frequent. The 0.5 mg/kg b.w. dose is recommended for the initial course of treatment. PMID- 6219691 TI - Low dose prednisolone or oestrogen in the treatment of women with late onset or persistent acne vulgaris. AB - Women with persistent or late onset acne vulgaris were divided into two treatment groups. The first received continuous low dose prednisolone to suppress ACTH dependent androgen secretion and the second was treated with cyclical oestrogens with medroxyprogesterone to elevate sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG). In both groups there was a significant improvement in the severity of the acne after 4 months' treatment. Although pre-existing hormonal abnormalities were corrected, the improvement in the acne did not correlate with the baseline hormone levels. However, suitable oestrogen-progesterone combinations or low dose prednisolone may be given, alone or in combination, to suppress free circulating androgens in these patients with a high probability of improving their acne. PMID- 6219692 TI - Nail staining due to hydroquinone skin-lightening creams. PMID- 6219693 TI - Drugs that are ineffective in the treatment of acne vulgaris. PMID- 6219694 TI - Activation of coagulation and fibrinolytic systems following stroke. AB - When the human blood coagulation and fibrinolytic systems are activated thrombin cleaves fibrinopeptide A (FPA) and plasmin cleaves b beta1 leads to 42 from fibrin(ogen). Elevated plasma concentrations of FPA and B beta 1 leads to 42 are evidence for enhanced thrombin and plasma activities in plasma. We have determined the plasma concentrations of FPA and B beta 1 leads to 42 in patients who have had thrombotic stroke. Patients who were studied immediately following stroke were found to have greatly elevated plasma FPA and B beta 1 leads to 42 levels, but these decreased to the concentrations found in an apparently healthy age-matched control group 1 month after the infarct. In contrast, the plasma concentrations of the platelet release product beta-thromboglobulin (beta TG) were slightly, but significantly, elevated immediately following the stroke and these did not alter with time after the infarct. It is concluded that following thrombotic stroke increased thrombin and plasmin activities are to be found in plasma. These increased protease activities are probably not directly associated with an increased in vivo platelet release reaction and may be useful in deciding which patients are at risk of reinfarction or stroke progression. PMID- 6219695 TI - The use of diphosphonates in myeloma. PMID- 6219696 TI - Kinetic and thermodynamic analysis of the control of C3b by the complement regulatory proteins factors H and I. PMID- 6219697 TI - Cation requirement for the reconstitution of oligomycin-sensitive ATPase by means of soluble F1-ATPase and F1-depleted submitochondrial particles. AB - Bovine heart submitochondrial particles depleted of F1 by treatment with urea ("F1-depleted particles') were incubated with soluble F1-ATPase. The binding of F1 to the particles and the concomitant conferral of oligomycin sensitivity on the ATPase activity required the presence of cations in the incubation medium. NH4+, K+, Rb+, Na+ and Li+ promoted reconstitution maximally at 40-74 mM, guanidinium+ and Tris+ at 20-30 mM, and Ca2+ and Mg2+ at 3-5 mM. The particles exhibited a negative zeta-potential, as determined by microelectrophoresis, and this was neutralized by mono- and divalent cations in the same concentration range as that needed to promote F1 binding and reconstitution of oligomycin sensitive ATPase. It is concluded that the cations act by neutralizing negative charges on the membrane surface, mainly negatively charged phospholipids. These results are discussed in relation to earlier findings reported in the literature with F1-depleted thylakoid membranes and with submitochondrial particles depleted of both F1 and the coupling proteins F6 and oligomycin sensitivity-conferring protein. PMID- 6219699 TI - Cross-bridges and the mechanism of muscle contraction. PMID- 6219698 TI - Studies on the relationship between ATP synthesis and transport and the proton electrochemical gradient in rat liver mitochondria. AB - The effect of ATP synthesis on delta mu H in rat liver mitochondria has been analyzed by separating the steps of adenine nucleotide translocation and ATP synthesis in the matrix. Either exchange of ATP, synthesized by substrate level phosphorylation in the matrix of oligomycin-treated mitochondria, for external ADP, or activity of the membrane-bound ATP synthase complex results in delta mu H depression with respect to resting state levels. This depression appears to be more pronounced, under strictly comparable conditions, when arsenate is used to stimulate ATP synthase activity than when the ornithine-citrulline conversion reaction is used for the same purpose. PMID- 6219700 TI - Reconstitution of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase with excess lipid dispersion of the pump units. AB - Sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase has been reconstituted with excess lipid (25 150 g egg phosphatidylcholine per g sarcoplasmic reticulum protein) by a procedure combining the use of a non-ionic detergent with cholate dialysis. The reconstituted vesicles were analyzed by sucrose density fractionation and freeze fracture electron microscopy. At the lowest lipid to protein ratios some vesicles containing aggregated protein were observed. At a lipid to protein ratio of 150:1 (w/w) only 30-40% of the reconstituted protein sedimented through 7% (w/v) sucrose. The remainder of the latter preparation was characterized by a high Ca2+ uptake capacity and a coupling ratio of 1.6 mol Ca2+ transported per mol ATP hydrolyzed. Intramembranous particles in this preparation occurred isolated in the membrane. In most cases only one particle could be seen on a fracture face. Cross-linking with cupric phenanthroline indicated that protein-protein contacts were drastically reduced by reconstitution. It is concluded that aggregation of intramembranous particles is not required for optimal Ca2+-transport function. The dispersed preparation obtained by a combined reconstitution and sucrose density fractionation procedure is useful for further characterization of the Ca2+ pump. PMID- 6219701 TI - Lipid dynamics and protein-lipid interactions in rat colonic epithelial cell basolateral membranes. AB - Lipid dynamics and lipid-protein interactions were examined in basolateral membranes prepared from rat proximal and distal colonic epithelial cells. The results demonstrate that: (1) these membranes have a high lipid fluidity, as assessed by steady-state fluorescence polarization studies using seven fluorescent probes; (2) lipid compositional differences exist between these membranes but their fluidity is similar; (3) fluorescence polarization studies, using diphenylhexatriene (DPH), detect a thermotropic transition at 22-23 degrees C in each membrane; (4) several membrane protein activities, including adenylate cyclase and sodium-potassium dependent adenosine triphosphatase ((Na+ + K+) ATPase) appear to be functionally dependent on the physical state of the proximal basolateral membrane's lipid. PMID- 6219702 TI - Specific binding of the thromboxane A2 antagonist 13-azaprostanoic acid to human platelet membranes. AB - In the present study we characterized the interaction between the thromboxane A2/prostaglandin H2 antagonist, trans-13-azaprostanoic acid (13-APA), and isolated human platelet membranes. In these studies, we developed a binding assay using trans [3H] 13-APA as the ligand. It was found that trans [3H] 13-APA specific binding was rapid, reversible, saturable and temperature dependent. Scatchard analysis of the binding data yielded a curvilinear plot which indicated the existence of two classes of binding sites: a high-affinity binding site with an estimated dissociation constant (Kd) of 100 nM; and a low-affinity binding site with an estimated Kd of 3.5 microM. At saturation, approximately 1 pmol/mg protein of [3H] 13-APA was bound to the high affinity site. In order to further characterize the nature of the [3H] 13-APA binding site, we evaluated competitive binding by cis 13-APA, cis 15-APA, prostaglandin F2 alpha, U46619, 6 ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha and thromboxane B2. It was found that the [3H] 13-APA binding site was stereospecific and structurally specific. Thus, the cis isomer of 13-APA exhibited substantially reduced affinity for binding. Furthermore, the prostaglandin derivatives, thromboxane B2 and 6-ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha, which do not possess biological activity, also did not compete for [3H] 13-APA binding. On the other hand, U46619 which acts as a thromboxane A2/prostaglandin H2 mimetic, and prostaglandin F2 alpha which acts as a thromboxane A2/prostaglandin H2 antagonist, both effectively competed for [3H] 13-APA binding. These findings indicate that trans 13-APA binds to a specific site on the platelet membrane which presumably represents the thromboxane A2/prostaglandin H2 receptor. PMID- 6219703 TI - Purification and characterization of two forms of a low-affinity Ca2+-ATPase from erythrocyte membranes. AB - A low-affinity Ca2+-ATPase from erythrocyte membranes has been purified by agarose suspension electrophoresis and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the absence of detergents. For maximal activity a calcium concentration above 10 mM is required. The activity is independent of magnesium. The Km value for ATP is about 60 microM. The enzyme appears in two forms (A and B) with similar amino acid composition. The specific activity of A is higher than that of B. Gel electrophoresis in SDS of A gives a pattern consisting of two bands. B gives the same pattern; the only difference between the patterns is the ratio of the amounts of protein in the bands. The apparent molecular weight of the proteins in the two SDS bands has been estimated at 23000 and 21000, respectively. The results obtained can be explained by assuming that the two proteins corresponding to the two bands obtained in SDS electrophoresis have a similar structure and can associate to complexes A and B. We have also shown that electrophoretic and chromatographic supporting media can induce aggregation of (membrane) proteins. Artificial complexes can thus be formed and cause misinterpretation of the data obtained. This may be the reason why some authors have speculated that Ca2+ ATPase is active only in complex with other proteins such as spectrin and actin. PMID- 6219704 TI - Demonstration of a new glycoprotein Ib-related component in platelet extracts prepared in the presence of leupeptin. AB - The water-soluble protein glycocalicin is generated during platelet lysis by a proteolytic attack on the integral membrane glycoprotein GP Ib. However, only small amounts of glycocalicin are formed when platelets are solubilized by 1% Triton X-100. Crossed immunoelectrophoresis of such extracts using an antiserum to glycocalicin, shows a continuous immunoprecipitate consisting of two peaks, one representing glycocalicin and the other GP Ib. When leupeptin was present during solubilization, subsequent immunoelectrophoresis revealed yet another GP Ib-related component represented by a third, slow-migrating peak of the immunoprecipitate. During incubation of platelets with dibucaine followed by solubilization in the presence of leupeptin, a gradual transformation of this new form of GP Ib into the previously defined one took place prior to the formation of glycocalicin. An increase followed by a decrease in the agglutination response of the platelets to bovine von Willebrand factor occurred concomitant with these transformations. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of Triton X-100 extracts of platelets did not reveal any difference in the size of GP Ib whether or not leupeptin had been present during the solubilization. PMID- 6219705 TI - Comparison of the properties of active Ca2+ transport by the islet-cell endoplasmic reticulum and plasma membrane. AB - The properties of active or ATP-dependent calcium transport by islet-cell endoplasmic reticulum and plasma membrane-enriched subcellular fractions were directly compared. These studies indicate that the active calcium transport systems of the two membranes are fundamentally distinct. In contrast to calcium uptake by the endoplasmic reticulum-enriched fraction, calcium uptake by islet cell plasma membrane-enriched vesicles exhibited a different pH optimum, was not sustained by oxalate, and showed an approximate 30-fold greater affinity for ionized calcium. A similar difference in affinity for calcium was exhibited by the Ca2+-stimulated ATPase activities which are associated with these islet-cell subcellular fractions. Consistent with the effects of calmodulin on calcium transport, calmodulin stimulated Ca2+-ATPase in the plasma membranes, but did not increase calcium-stimulated ATPase activity in the endoplasmic reticulum membranes. The physiological significance of the differences observed in calcium transport by the endoplasmic reticulum and plasma membrane fractions relative to the regulation of insulin secretion by the islets of Langerhans is discussed. PMID- 6219706 TI - Changes in fatty acid distribution and thermotropic properties of phospholipids following phosphatidylcholine depletion in a choline-requiring mutant of Neurospora crassa. AB - Growth of a choline requiring auxotroph of Neurospora crassa on medium lacking exogenous choline produces large changes in the levels of phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine. Whole cell fatty acid distributions were found to vary widely between different phospholipid species of normally growing, choline-supplemented cultures with phosphatidylcholine showing the highest levels of unsaturation and anionic phospholipids and cardiolipin having the lowest. In these lipids, choline deprivation produced little change in fatty acid profiles of phosphatidylethanolamine, whereas changes in fatty acids of phosphatidylcholine and acidic phospholipids resulted in increased levels of unsaturation at both growth temperatures. Microsomal phospholipids also showed fatty acid variability with sharp decreases in phosphatidylcholine unsaturates and increases in acidic phospholipid unsaturated fatty acids at low growth temperatures. Fluorescence polarization of 1,6-diphenylhexatriene in vesicles formed from total cellular and microsomal lipids showed that choline deprivation produces changes in thermotropic properties in the lipids in deprived cultures at either growth temperature. The effective differences in fluorescence polarization between choline-deprived and supplemented cultures grown at a given temperature were found to be comparable to those produced by temperature were found to be comparable to those produced by temperature acclimation in normally growing cultures over a temperature range of 22 K. PMID- 6219707 TI - ATPase activity and ATP-dependent proton translocation in plasma membrane vesicles of turtle bladder epithelial cells. AB - ATP-induced quenching of fluorescence of acridine orange (a pH probe) or Oxonol V (a potential difference probe) is evoked in turtle bladder membrane vesicles in suspending media of appropriate ionic composition and is insensitive to oligomycin, valinomycin, and ouabain. These effects are ascribed to a membrane bound, ouabain-resistant ATPase which mediates an active electrogenic proton transport. PMID- 6219708 TI - A novel method for the isolation of calsequestrin from porcine skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum. AB - Calsequestrin was selectively solubilized from porcine skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum by incubation with HgCl2 and deoxycholate. While deoxycholate alone caused non-specific solubilization of calsequestrin and other extrinsic proteins, HgCl2 alone failed to extract significant amounts of extrinsic proteins. The simultaneous presence of HgCl2 and deoxycholate was necessary for the selective and quantitative solubilization of calsequestrin. Following DEAE-Sephadex ion-exchange chromatography of the HgCl2/ deoxycholate solubilized material, calsequestrin was obtained in nearly homogeneous form. Porcine calsequestrin was similar to rabbit calsequestrin with respect to its amino acid composition and apparent molecular weight as determined by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The calcium-binding capacity of porcine calsequestrin was 400 nmol of Ca2+ bound/mg protein, lower than the values reported for the rabbit protein. PMID- 6219709 TI - The role of the lysine binding sites of human plasmin in the hydrolysis of human fibrinogen. AB - The importance of the lysine binding sites of human plasmin for its ability to digest human fibrinogen has been assessed by analyzing the nature and rate of the products formed in the presence of epsilon-aminocaproic acid. No major differences in this regard were found when comparing Lys77-plasmin and Val442 plasmin, in the absence of epsilon-aminocaproic acid, the latter plasmin being devoid of the lysine binding sites present on residues Glu1-Val441 (K 1-4). The presence of epsilon-aminocaproic acid, at concentrations ranging from 0.5-5.0 mM, results in progressively stronger inhibition of the digestion of fibrinogen and in appearance of fibrinogen degradation products Y, D and E, for both Lys77 plasmin, and Val442-plasmin, showing the importance of lysine binding regions in this property. However, since both plasmin forms were inhibited equally well at all levels of epsilon-aminocaproic acid, these studies show that lysine binding sites other than those present on region K 1-4 of Lys77-plasmin are of primary importance to fibrinogenolysis by plasmin. PMID- 6219710 TI - Protein binding to brush borders of enterocytes from the jejunum of the neonatal rat. AB - The specific binding of IgG to jejunal brush borders was greatest at acidic pH, at neutral pH no specific binding occurred. Specific binding declined with age-no specific binding occurred in borders from 20-and 24-day-old animals. There was no specific binding of IgG to borders from ileal enterocytes. Human transferrin and bovine serum albumin did not bind specifically to borders. The affinity of binding (-Ka) and the receptors site numbers per border estimated for rat IgG were 18.64 X 10(6) M-1 to 3.53 X 10(6) sites; for human IgG, 25.06 X 10(6) M-1 to 3.30 X 10(6) sites; for bovine IgG, 10.48 X 10(6) M-1 to 2.11 X 10(6) sites and for sheep IgG, 7.26 X 10(6) M-1 to 2.34 X 10(6) sites. PMID- 6219711 TI - Effects of foscarnet on the cell kinetics of Madin-Darby canine kidney cells. AB - The antiherpes compound, foscarnet (trisodium phosphonoformate), showed concentration-dependent effects on the cell kinetics of Madin-Darby canine kidney cells. At 1 mM, only minor effects could be seen on cell proliferation and cell cycle distribution, as measured by flow cytometry DNA analysis. Treatment with 5 mM foscarnet resulted in an accumulation of cells in the S-phase although no complete cell cycle block was evident. At 10 mM foscarnet, cells accumulated earlier in the S phase, probably at the G1/S border. However, at both 5 and 10 mM foscarnet the block was not established until after 15 h incubation. Upon removing 10 mM foscarnet after 24 h incubation, G1 cells rapidly entered the S phase, whereas the progression through S and G2 + M was delayed considerably. The DNA synthesizing S phase seems, therefore, to be the main cell cycle phase affected by foscarnet. PMID- 6219713 TI - [Effect of temperature on fluorescence of labels and probes of various localizations incorporated into sarcoplasmic reticulum samples]. AB - Studies were carried out of temperature relationship of dansylchloride, N-3 pyrenylmaleinimide fluorescence, SR membranes, self-luminescence caused by Ca ATPase tryptophane - provided fluorescence and of pyrene excimerization in membrane preparations of sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) of rabbit skeletal muscles. Temperature relationship of fluorescence intensity of dansylchloride and N-3 pyrenylmaleimide in Arrhenius coordinates has bends at 15 and 35 degrees. Selffluorescence of protein samples linearly depends on temperature. Temperature relationship of the ratio between the intensities of exsimeric and monomeric forms of pyrene Fa/Fm in Arrhenius coordinates has the bend at 20-22 degrees. Hence only the latter relationship coincides with the shape of Arrhenius graph for enzymatic activity of SR Ca-ATPase. PMID- 6219712 TI - Tryptamine in the vertebrate lens. PMID- 6219714 TI - Parasympathetic rebound following EMG biofeedback training: a case study. AB - The self-regulation literature contains very few reports of negative side-effects stemming from biofeedback training. Nevertheless, the case reported here is unique in that immediately following each of several early EMG feedback sessions, an otherwise headache-free patient reported an acute attack of headache and nausea. These attacks, the conditions under which they appeared, and the conditions leading to their remission will be described. Discussion will focus on the possible physiological mechanisms involved. PMID- 6219715 TI - [Submergence of Micrococcus lysodeikticus F1-ATPase into the hydrophobic phase of the membrane, using 2,4,6-trinitrobenzosulfonate and 12-0-(azidoformyl) stearic acid methyl ester]. AB - The accessibility of F1-ATPase from Micrococcus lysodeikticus in solution and in the membrane for the specific water-soluble NH2-group reagent, 2,4,6 trinitrobenzosulfonate (TNBS), was studied. Incubation of the soluble factor F1 with 50 mM TNBS pH 8.3 results in incorporation of 58.6 +/- 4.4 trinitrophenyl residues per mole of enzyme. At the same time F1-ATPase isolated from TNBS pretreated membranes contains 27.2 +/- 2.0 TNP-residues per mole of enzyme. It is assumed that the different accessibility of F1-ATPase for TNBS in solution and in the membrane is due to incorporation of F1-ATPase into the membrane. Study of membrane F1-ATPase interaction with the radioactive lipid-soluble photoreactive label, 12-0-(azidoformyl) stearic acid methyl ester demonstrated that F1-ATPase does not immediately interact with the lipid phase of the membrane. It is suggested that membrane F1-ATPase may be enveloped by hydrophobic proteins. PMID- 6219716 TI - [Effect of anions on the ATPase activity of submitochondrial particles]. AB - The effects of anions on the ATPase activity of submitochondrial particles from mouse liver cells were investigated. Thiocyanite decreased the ATP hydrolysis, acting as a competitive inhibitor with respect to sulfite. All the anions tested changed the ATPase activity noncompetitively towards Mg-ATP. The hydrolysis of CTP, GTP, ITP and UTP was insensitive to sulfite and thiocyanate. In the presence of Mn2+, Ca2+, Co2+, Zn2+ and Ba2+ an anion-dependent hydrolysis of ATP took place. It was assumed that the anions control the rate of the limiting step of the ATPase reaction, since sulfite and thiocyanate change the activation energy of ATP hydrolysis. The data obtained are discussed in terms of a previously proposed mechanism of the anions effect on the activity of mitochondrial ATPase. PMID- 6219717 TI - [The properties of plasminogen activator from human blood plasma taken at sudden death]. PMID- 6219718 TI - [Modification of the enzyme system for Ca2+ transport in sarcoplasmic reticulum membranes during lipid peroxidation. Changes in the chemical composition and ultrastructural organization of the membranes]. PMID- 6219719 TI - [A high molecular proteolysis-resistant actin fragment]. AB - The proteolysis-stable actin fragment (m. w. 36300 as determined by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis) was obtained by actin treatment with a non identified bacterial protease. This fragment is larger than the trypsin-stable actin fragment and is similar to the unstable trypsin intermediate fragment. The obtained actin fragment is not polymerized, does not activate the ATPase activity of myosin and does not form a superprecipitating complex with it. Thus, the functional properties of actin are lost during the split-off of a relatively small, apparently, the N-terminal part of the polypeptide chain. PMID- 6219720 TI - Reinitiation of ovulatory cycles in incubating female turkeys by an inhibitor of serotonin synthesis, P-chlorophenylalanine. AB - Nest deprivation of incubating turkeys caused a decrease in serum prolactin (Prl) levels from 1184.5 +/- 116.4 ng/ml to 896.8 +/- 83.0 ng/ml 1 day after initiation of deprivation, with a further decline to 156.5 +/- 111.7 ng/ml at the end of the 22-day experimental period. Serum luteinizing hormone (LH), progesterone and estradiol levels following nest deprivation were similar to those in birds allowed to incubate (controls). Oral administration of p-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA, 50 mg/kg) to incubating turkeys for 3 consecutive days reduced nesting frequency (P less than 0.05) on the 4th day after initiation of treatment and the nesting virtually ceased by the 9th day. Pretreatment Prl was 1655 +/- 210 ng/ml and declined (P less than 0.05) after PCPA administration to a low of 28.6 +/- 2.8 ng/ml. In addition, PCPA caused a sustained rise in serum LH peaking (5.59 +/ 1.09 ng/ml) 3 days after treatment initiation. Contrary to nest deprivation, serum levels of progesterone and estradiol increased (P less than 0.05) as a consequence of PCPA treatment. Seven of 8 PCPA-treated birds later came into lay when their Prl levels and nesting frequency increased again. The results suggest a role for serotonin (5-HT) in incubation behavior, and Prl and LH secretion in turkeys. PMID- 6219721 TI - Antigen-specific suppressor ("blocking") factors in tumor immunity. PMID- 6219722 TI - [Ultrastructural stereological analysis of cardiomyocytes in spontaneously hypertensive rats]. PMID- 6219723 TI - [Lectin-dependent cytotoxicity of human peripheral blood lymphocytes]. AB - The evaluative technique of lymphocyte cytolytic activity in human peripheral blood has been designed. The target cells, lectin (Con A) concentration and incubation time for measuring cytolytic activity of lymphocytes pre-purified from adherent cells have been selected. The mean values of lectin-dependent cytotoxicity in peripheral blood of 50 healthy donors are presented. PMID- 6219724 TI - Circulating lymphocyte populations in Hodgkin's disease after mantle and paraaortic irradiation. AB - The effect of mantle and paraaortic radiation on peripheral blood lymphocytes was studied in 11 previously untreated patients with early stage Hodgkin's disease using a series of monoclonal antibodies defining immunoregulatory lymphoid cells. Immediately following the completion of radiotherapy, there was a significant reduction in the number of lymphocytes and the percent of circulating T cells. This acute decrease in T cells was due to a marked diminution in the number of inducer T cells, while the fraction of suppressor T cells remained constant. These changes persisted for up to 12 mo and were accompanied by a later increase in the fraction of circulating B lymphocytes and cells bearing surface Ia. It thus appears that mantle and paraaortic radiotherapy causes a relatively selective reduction in the inducer T-cell population. The implications of a change in the ratio of inducer to suppressor T cells is discussed. PMID- 6219725 TI - Alpha-1-antitrypsin-human leukocyte elastase complexes in blood: quantification by an enzyme-linked differential antibody immunosorbent assay and comparison with alpha-2-plasmin inhibitor-plasmin complexes. AB - An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) has been developed for the quantification of alpha 1-antitrypsin-human leukocyte elastase (alpha 1AT-E) complexes. In the ELISA, the alpha 1AT-E complex is bound to a surface by rabbit antileukocyte elastase antibody, and the inhibitor-proteinase complex is quantified by a second antibody, rabbit anti-alpha 1-antitrypsin F(ab')2, labeled with alkaline phosphatase. alpha 1AT-E complexes were detected when a final concentration of 2.2 nmol/liter of leukocyte elastase was added to plasma. The concentration of these complexes increased with additional elastase. In clotting blood, alpha 1AT-E complexes were generated in parallel with the conversion of 125I-fibrinogen to fibrin, whereas alpha 2-plasmin inhibitor-plasmin (alpha 2PI P) complexes were not formed. The concentration of alpha 1AT-E complexes in 19 of 21 controls was less than 2.2 nmol/liter. Patients with laboratory evidence for disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) demonstrated elevated alpha 2PI-P complexes with either increased or normal concentrations of alpha 1AT-E complexes. Patients without evidence for DIC, but who demonstrated prolonged reptilase clotting times, were studied. This group had increased alpha 1AT-E but normal alpha 2PI-P complex levels, raising the possibility that elastase release in vivo may be accompanied by limited degradation of fibrinogen. These assays thus serve as useful probes for the study of leukocyte activation and of the interactions between cellular and plasma proteolytic enzyme systems. PMID- 6219726 TI - Effect of mercuric chloride on the reproductive cycle of the teleostean fish Channa punctatus. PMID- 6219727 TI - [Regulation by ATP of phosphofructokinase from ascites Tawa sarcoma cells]. PMID- 6219728 TI - Aids in the home. PMID- 6219729 TI - The use of the ultrasound Doppler flowmeter in reconstructive microvascular surgery. AB - A method is described for predicting the outcome of experimental free flaps at the time of surgery using a directional ultrasound Doppler flowmeter. Tests of both arterial and venous anastomoses have been developed. Provided that both anastomoses are individually assessed, the technique is 100% accurate and is recordable. Spectral analysis of truly directional Doppler signals has provided knowledge of the peripheral resistance within a flap. PMID- 6219730 TI - Antimitotic drugs that enhance neuronal survival in olfactory bulb cell cultures. AB - Cell cultures of olfactory bulb from 2-3-day-old rats were used to evaluate 6 antimitotic drugs for their effects on neuronal survival. In cultures grown in medium without drugs for 7 days, neurons died as a layer of non-neuronal cells proliferated. A series of experiments were performed to determine dilutions and exposure times that allow maximum neuronal survival for each of the antimitotic drugs. Use of bromodeoxyuridine (BUdR) at 10(-5) M with a 5 day exposure gave cultures with large aggregates of neurons and an extensive network of interconnecting neurites. Cytosine arabinoside (Ara-C) at 8 X 10(-6) M for 5 days of exposure was also effective but the aggregates contained cellular debris. Fluorodeoxyuridine (FUdR) at 10(-4) for 5 days was less effective in flowing neurons to survive. Methotrexate (MTX), high thymidine and hydroxyurea were all not effective in allowing neuronal survival. In all cases there was an inverse relationship between the survival of neurons and proliferation of non-neuronal cells. Additional experiments were performed to determine how proliferating non neuronal cells can lead to the death of neurons. In a series of transfer experiments, cultures were exposed to conditioned medium. Cultured olfactory bulb neurons grown on small cover slips were exposed to BUdR under optimal conditions and after 7 days were transferred to cultures treated or not treated with BUdR. In cultures not treated with BUdR, most of the transferred BUdR treated neurons died, while in cultures treated with BUdR the BUdR treated neurons survived. These results suggest that antimitotics enhance olfactory bulb neuronal survival by reducing the number of non-neuronal cells. In addition, it appears that proliferating non-neuronal cells are responsible for neuronal cell death by a medium factor and not by contact with the dividing non-neuronal cells. PMID- 6219731 TI - [Study of the segregation of MLC reactivity, HLA-D and DR antigens in families]. PMID- 6219732 TI - Dose response relationship of Haemophilus pleuropneumoniae aerosols in pigs. AB - The virulence of Haemophilus pleuropneumoniae was quantitated for ten and 12 week old pigs following aerosol exposure. The volume and concentration of culture aerosolized, the estimated numbers of organisms inhaled by the pigs and the mortality rates at 72 hours postexposure were computed and used to calculate the LD50. There was correlation between the concentration of culture aerosolized, the amount of the estimated inhaled dose and the mortality rates. The ten week old pigs were apparently more susceptible to aerosols of H. pleuropneumoniae than the 12 week old pigs. The LD50 value or a multiple of it appears to be a reasonable basis for a standardized aerosol challenge of the immunity of pigs vaccinated with experimental or commercial H. pleuropneumoniae vaccines. PMID- 6219733 TI - Thymoxamine versus pilocarpine in the reversal of phenylephrine-induced mydriasis. AB - Thymoxamine, a selective alpha-adrenergic blocker, was compared with pilocarpine in 19 patients for its reversal of phenylephrine-induced mydriasis. Both agents constricted the pupil to its original size in less than half an hour, and thymoxamine's half-life was twice that of pilocarpine's. The advantages of thymoxamine miosis, particularly in patients with narrow angles, are discussed. PMID- 6219734 TI - Adrenomedullary secretory response to midbrain stimulation in rat: effects of depletion of brain catecholamines or serotonin. AB - Electrical stimulation of the periaqueductal gray substance (PAG) of the rostral midbrain of the rat produced biphasic or monophasic pressor responses depending on the duration of the stimulus train. Marked increases in plasma noradrenaline (NA) and adrenaline (A) levels accompanied the pressor responses, indicating the participation of the adrenal medulla. Depletion of central catecholamines (CA) by intraventricular administration of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) did not affect the primary vasomotor component but markedly depleted adrenal CA levels and attenuated the adrenomedullary component of the response to brain stimulation. The intraperitoneal administration of p-chlorophenylalanine (pCPA) not only depleted brain serotonin (5-HT) levels but also reduced brain CA levels significantly. The adrenaline (A) levels were reduced in the adrenal glands of these rats and the adrenal secretory response to brain stimulation was attenuated. In contrast, the selective destruction of central 5-HT neurons by intraventricular injection of 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine (5,7-DHT) in rats pretreated with desmethylimipramine (DMI) did not influence either the pressor nor the plasma CA responses to brain stimulation. Furthermore, the adrenal glands of these rats were normal. The results suggest that: (i) the central catecholaminergic neurons play an important role in the regulation of the adrenal glands but are not essential for the activation of the sympathetic vasoconstrictor fiber system: (ii) the pressor and plasma CA responses to PAG stimulation are not dependent on the central serotonergic system. PMID- 6219735 TI - The effect of sequential addition of the nitrosourea, chlorozotocin, to the FAM combination in advanced gastric cancer. AB - Twenty-three patients with advanced measurable gastric cancer were treated with FAM-chlorozotocin in an attempt to demonstrate improvement in rate and duration of response over FAM (5-fluorouracil, Adriamycin and mitomycin C). Six (26%) partial responses were recorded with a median duration of two months. FAM chlorozotocin was well tolerated with moderate myelosuppression as the major dose limiting toxicity; the leukocyte nadir was 3.0 X 10(3)/mm3 (range, 0.9-6.0) and the platelet nadir was 100 X 10(3)/mm3 (range, 45-100). The authors were unable to find significant differences in prognostic factors such as performance status, sites of metastatic disease, intensity of therapy to account for the discrepancy in response rates between FAM (42%) and FAM-chlorozotocin (26%). PMID- 6219736 TI - Cytostatic activity on tumour cells of monocytes from patients with gastrointestinal cancer. AB - The ability of monocytes from patients with gastrointestinal cancer to inhibit tumour cell growth and suppress PHA-induced lymphocyte response in vitro was assessed. Isolated monocytes, i.e., adherent Fc+ cells from mononuclear cell suspension, were cytostatic but not cytolytic for both K562 line and L1210 lymphoma cells. Monocytes from the patients showed an increased ability to inhibit the growth of L1210 but not K562 line cells. The increased cytostatic activity of monocytes was associated with their suppressor activity. This suggests that suppressor monocytes are also able to arrest tumour cell growth in vitro. PMID- 6219737 TI - Thermal considerations in murine tumor killing using hematoporphyrin derivative phototherapy. AB - Tumor cell killing utilizing hematoporphyrin derivative (HPD) phototherapy was studied in a murine tumor model to assess the relative importance of intratumor temperature in causing the tumoricidal effect. Temperature measurements and tumor killing without HPD strongly suggest that HPD phototherapy as reported previously by other workers has at least partially a hyperthermic effect. Also, it is shown that, in this tumor model, tissue light attenuation restricts the radius of action of the light-HPD interaction to approximately 4 mm. PMID- 6219738 TI - Suppressor cell activity among the peripheral blood leukocytes of selected homosexual subjects. PMID- 6219739 TI - Hydrophobic-interaction chromatography of glycosaminoglycuronans: the contribution of N-acetyl groups in heparin and heparan sulfate to the affinity for hydrophobic gels, and variety of molecular species in beef-kidney heparan sulfate. AB - Contribution of N-acetyl groups in heparin and heparan sulfate to their affinity for hydrophobic gels was examined by use of a series of semi-synthetic, N acetylated, hog-intestinal heparins, a whale-intestinal heparin, and a beef kidney heparan sulfate. Chromatography on Phenyl-Sepharose CL-4B in 3.8-1.0M ammonium sulfate-10mM hydrochloric acid indicated that an increasing N-acetyl content, which is correlated to a decreasing N-sulfate content, results in a marked increase in the affinity for the gels. The variety of molecular species in beef-kidney heparan sulfate, previously fractionated by conventional chromatographic procedures, was demonstrated by separating further, by hydrophobic-interaction chromatography, the polysaccharide into several fractions composed of molecular species distinctly different in N-acetyl and sulfate content, and in molecular size. PMID- 6219740 TI - A murine model for multiple laparoscopies: I. Early lymphoid response to intraperitoneal insufflation of CO2. AB - In a model for multiple laparoscopies proliferation of T-lymphocytes was an early, but transitory, immunologic reaction in the spleen to intraperitoneal CO2 insufflation. Intraperitoneal insufflations of approximately 3.5 ml of CO2 were given daily to three groups of BALB/c mice for 11, 20, and 32 consecutive days, respectively. Air insufflation was given to experimental controls. The observations in the insufflation model are summarized as follows: 1) Multiple CO2 insufflation approximately doubled the number of splenic T lymphocytes. 2) The percentage value was highest on the day of the last insufflation. The difference between this value in each of the three groups was statistically not significant; ie, there was no dose-response relationship in the range of 11-32 insufflations. 3) There was a dose-response effect in the range of 3-9 insufflations. 4) The number of splenic T lymphocytes decreased with each day after the end of treatment. Untreated control values were reached in 12-16 days. 5) Air insufflation had only a minimal effect on the proliferation of T lymphocytes in the spleen. In this model there is correlation between early proliferation of T lymphocytes in the spleen and the late occurrence of a high incidence of malignant lymphoma (approximately 60%). The long-term survivors of CO2 insufflation also developed a wide spectrum of intraabdominal malignancies. It was speculated that CO2 insufflation provided an abnormal internal environment that affected a variety of target tissues. Prolonged CO2 accumulation might have modified nucleic acid structure via chronic intracellular acidosis. Could the neoplastic sequelae in this model be a clue to a similar sequel in humans after multiple laparoscopies? PMID- 6219741 TI - The pineal organ of Raja clavata: opsin immunoreactivity and ultrastructure. AB - The pineal organ of Raja clavata was studied by light and electron microscopy, including the immunocytochemical antiopsin reaction. The pineal organ of the ray consists of three portions: (i) a large proximal pineal, (ii) a long tube-like connecting stalk, and (iii) a short distal terminal enlargement. This latter end vesicle lies in the deep connective tissue layers of the braincase. All portions of the pineal are composed of pinealocytes, intrinsic neurons, ependymal/glial cells, and bundles of nerve fibers embedded in thin neuropil formations. The inner segments of the pinealocytes protrude into the lumen in all parts of the organ and usually contain basal bodies and numerous mitochondria. Often, two outer segments were found to arise from the basal bodies of a single inner segment. By means of light-microscopic immunocytochemistry the outer segments showed a strong antiopsin reaction. The axons of the pinealocytes form ribbon containing synapses on dendrite-like profiles, which appear to belong to the intrinsic pineal neurons. There are other axo-dendritic synapses established by presynaptic terminals lacking ribbons and containing granular and synaptic vesicles. Pineal neurons may contain granular vesicles approximately 60-100 nm in diameter; their processes contribute to the bundles of unmyelinated axons. The fine structural organization of the pineal organ and the opsin immunoreactivity of the outer segments of the pinealocytes indicate a photoreceptive capacity of the organ. The double outer segments represent a peculiar multiplication of the photoreceptor structures. PMID- 6219742 TI - Plasma membrane vesicles prepared from unadhered monocytes: characterization of calcium transport and the calcium ATPase. AB - We have purified unadhered human monocytes in sufficient quantities to prepare monocyte plasma membrane vesicles and study vesicular calcium transport. Monocytes were isolated from plateletpheresis residues by counterflow centrifugal elutriation. By combining this source and procedure, 7 x 10(8) monocytes of over 90% purity were obtained. The membranes, isolated on a sucrose step gradient, had an 18-fold enrichment in Na,K-ATPase, a 29-fold diminution of succinate dehydrogenase activity and were vesicular on transmission electron micrographs. The membrane vesicles loaded with oxalate accumulated calcium only in the presence of Mg and ATP. Calcium uptake did not occur if ATP was replaced by any of five nucleotide phosphates or if Mg was omitted. Calcium transport had a maximal velocity of 4 pmoles calcium/micrograms vesicle protein/min and a Km for calcium of 0.53 microM. The ionophore A23187 completely inhibited calcium accumulation while 5 mM sodium cyanide and 10 microM ouabain had no effect. A calcium-activated ATPase was present in the same plasma membrane vesicles. The calcium ATPase had a maximal velocity of 18.0 pmoles calcium/micrograms vesicle protein/min and a Km for calcium of 0.60 microM. Calcium-activated ATPase activity was absent if Mg was omitted or if (gamma - 32P) GTP replaced (gamma - 32P) ATP. Monocyte plasma membranes that were stripped of endogenous calmodulin by EGTA treatment showed a reduced level of calcium uptake and calcium ATPase activity. The addition of exogenous calmodulin restored the transport activity to that of unstripped monocyte plasma membranes. Thus, monocyte plasma membrane vesicles contain a highly specific, ATP-dependent calcium transport system and a calcium-ATPase with similar high calcium affinities. PMID- 6219743 TI - The alteration of rabbit skeletal sarcoplasmic reticulum function by N acylethanolamine, a lipid associated with myocardial infarction. AB - The ability of N-acylethanolamines (pharmacologically active lipid metabolites which accumulate in canine myocardium during experimentally induced infarctions) to alter Ca2+ fluxes in a biological membrane system was studied using sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles prepared from rabbit skeletal muscle. The effects of two N-acylethanolamines, the N-oleyl and N-lauryl derivatives, were compared to those of the lipophilic drugs, dibucaine and propranolol. The rate and extent of Ca2+ sequestration, Ca2+-Mg2+-ATPase activity and retention time of Ca2+ by the vesicles were all stimulated at low concentrations of the four compounds studied and inhibited at higher concentrations. The stoichiometry between Ca2+ pumping rates and ATPase activity was partially "uncoupled" indicating that both the calcium pump and the membrane permeability were affected by the drugs. However, although all four compounds exhibited the same qualitative behavior, the effects of the two N-acylethanolamines were more pronounced than dibucaine and propranolol and occurred at much lower concentrations. These results suggest that the N-acylethanolamines may have important physiological effects in the myocardium and, at least at lower concentrations, stimulate myocardial contractility by increasing the rate of calcium flux across the sarcoplasmic reticulum. PMID- 6219744 TI - Purified red blood cell Ca2+-pump ATPase: evidence for direct inhibition by presumed anti-calmodulin drugs in the absence of calmodulin. AB - A variety of presumed anti-calmodulin (anti-CaM) drugs was tested for their potential inhibitory effects on the isolated, purified and reconstituted Ca2+ pump ATPase of human red blood cell membranes. Anti-CaM drugs inhibited the Ca2+ pump ATPase both in the absence and presence of added CaM. Qualitatively similar inhibition was observed in two different ATPase assay systems. In asolectin vesicles in the absence of added CaM trifluoperazine (TFP), N-(6-aminohexyl)-5 chloro-1-naphthalene- sulfonamide (W-7), vinblastine, dibucaine, imipramine, propranolol and dimethylpropranolol (UM-272) were all inhibitory. Potency of anti CaM drugs was generally greater on the enzyme reconstituted in asolectin vesicles than on the enzyme reconstituted in phosphatidylcholine vesicles, either in the presence or absence of CaM. The results emphasize that anti-CaM drugs have actions other than to bind to CaM. Possible direct interaction of amphipathic cationic anti-CaM drugs with the Ca2+-pump ATPase and/or its lipid environment is suggested. PMID- 6219745 TI - Massive dilatation of the atria and coronary sinus in a child with restrictive cardiomyopathy and persistence of the left superior vena cava. PMID- 6219746 TI - Assessment of Fc (IgG) receptor function in adherent murine peritoneal macrophages using soluble model immune complexes. PMID- 6219747 TI - Effect of injection of adult mouse peritoneal macrophages on suppressor cell activity in neonatal mice. PMID- 6219748 TI - Detection of autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction responding cells and their precursor frequency in NZB mice. PMID- 6219749 TI - The role of Ia antigens and Fc receptor-bearing T-cells in the inhibition of macrophage receptors for cytophilic antibody induced by soluble immune complexes. PMID- 6219750 TI - Membrane phenotype of murine effector and suppressor T cells involved in delayed hypersensitivity and protective immunity to herpes simplex virus. AB - The membrane phenotype of T cells involved in delayed hypersensitivity (DH), protective immunity, and suppression of delayed hypersensitivity to herpes simplex virus (HSV) has been determined. T cells from immune lymph nodes transferring DH and antiviral immunity to normal recipients were characterized as Lyt 1+2-. There appeared to be no detectable antiviral role for Lyt 1-2+ cells in the transferred cell suspension. Splenic T cells suppressing the induction of DH to HSV were characterized as being both Lyt 1+2- and Lyt 1-2+ 4 weeks after their induction. At earlier times, i.e., after 7 days, the suppression was mediated solely by the Lyt 1+2- population. Thereafter, a progressive increase in the contribution of the Lyt 1-2+ suppressor was observed. Both the early and later phases of suppression were due to I-J positive cells. The nature of the two suppressor cell types is discussed in relation to suppressor cell "cascades" and to the pathogenesis of herpes simplex virus infection. PMID- 6219751 TI - Lyt phenotype of lymphocytes producing murine macrophage chemotactic lymphokine. AB - Normal or alloantigen (irradiated C57BL/6 mouse spleen cells)-immunized C3H/HeN mouse spleen cells, and dinitrophenyl ovalbumin (DNP-OA)-immunized C3H/HeN mouse lymph node cells were tested after treatment with anti-Thy-1.2, anti-Lyt-1.1, or anti-Lyt-2.1 antibody in the presence of complement for their ability to produce macrophage chemotactic lymphokine in response to stimulation with either mitogen (concanavalin A) or specific antigens. When normal spleen cells were stimulated with Con A or immunized cells were stimulated with specific antigens, it was found that the Lyt-1+2-T-cell subpopulation was primarily responsible for the macrophage chemotactic lymphokine production by T cells. PMID- 6219752 TI - Distinctive expression of the T4 antigen in normal and stimulated lymphocytes. AB - Correlated light scatter and fluorescence flow cytometric analysis of human peripheral blood lymphocytes showed that the expression of the T4 antigen was higher in the larger lymphocytes than in the smaller lymphocytes. A similar expression pattern was observed for HLA Class I antigens but not for T3 and T8, whose expression was independent of cell size. Results with lymphocytes from spleen, lymph node, and tonsil were comparable to those of peripheral blood. Thymocytes, however, were smaller and expressed less T4 and T8 than peripheral lymphocytes. In studies of lymphocytes stimulated in vitro with allogeneic cells or pokeweed mitogen, two populations of T4-positive cells were observed: one of large cells expressing high amounts of T4 and one of small cells expressing low amounts of T4. Similar patterns were seen with T8, although less consistently. In contrast, the expression of T3 was the same in both large and small cells. The large cells expressing high amounts of T4 were not restricted to cells engaged in DNA synthesis or mitosis. This was established by selectively analyzing cells in the G0G1 phases of the cell cycle and by studying stimulated lymphocytes no longer undergoing proliferation. Taken together, these results suggest that immature T lymphocytes are small and express low amounts of T4 and T8. We postulate that as they differentiate, cell size and T4 expression increase proportionally, both parameters increasing even further after antigenic or mitogenic stimulation. The quantitative expression of T4, and probably of T8 but not of T3, is therefore intimately related to maturation and activation of lymphocytes, a fact that may conceivably be related to a functional role of these surface molecules. PMID- 6219753 TI - Immune interferon (IFN-gamma) production in autologous mixed cultures. AB - T cells were exposed in vitro to autologous B cells or monocytes. Tested on the seventh day, the cultured lymphocytes lysed K562, Daudi, autologous, and allogeneic phytohemagglutinin (PHA) blasts. Autologous B blasts were not affected. The supernatants contained gamma interferon (IFN-gamma). The quantity of IFN did not correlate with the strength of the proliferative response nor with the strength of the cytotoxic potential. PMID- 6219754 TI - Role of Corynebacterium parvum in the activation of peritoneal macrophages. II. Identification of distinguishable anti-tumor activities by macrophage subpopulations. AB - Two different mechanisms of murine macrophage (MP) antitumor activity are described in this report. C. parvum-activated peritoneal MPs were tested for cytotoxic and cytostatic activity 4 days after ip immunization. Cytotoxic activity could be distinguished from cytostatic activity using two different assay protocols. When MPs were separated by 1g velocity sedimentation, cytotoxic MPs were confined to high velocity fractions. In contrast, cytostatic MPs were found in cell fractions with velocities as low as 5.2 mm/hr. These two MP activities were also distinguishable by culturing at 37 degrees C for 24 hr. Cytotoxicity was abrogated when MPs were incubated in MEM, or MEM supplemented with lymphokine (LK) or indomethacin. In contrast, cytostasis remained at high levels when the cells were incubated with LK or indomethacin. Cytotoxicity was not retained after overnight culture even if LPS was present, or if various spleen or non-adherent peritoneal exudate cells were cocultured with the cytotoxic effector cells. Assays done to determine the presence of suppressor cells failed to find any inhibitory cell type. The phagocytic index, acid phosphatase activity, and H2O2 secretion were also measured before and after overnight culture. Acid phosphatase and phagocytic activities did not decline whereas H2O2 secretion declined significantly. These data indicate that in response to C. parvum, at least two different effector cell types with distinct antitumor activities are generated. Cytotoxicity, like the ability of cells to secrete H2O2, is found to be a short-lived function of CP stimulated MPs. In contrast, cytostasis is a function retained longer by MPs in culture. PMID- 6219755 TI - [Open laparoscopy]. PMID- 6219756 TI - [Gestagens and the treatment of hot flushes in the postmenopausal period]. PMID- 6219757 TI - [Control mechanisms of calcium balance in myocardial sarcolemma]. PMID- 6219758 TI - Interaction of tubulin with myosin. IV. Inhibition of actomyosin adenosine 5' triphosphatase activity by heat-treated tubulin. PMID- 6219759 TI - [Studies on leishmania in big gerbils and lizards and its sandfly vectors in Ejin Banner, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region]. PMID- 6219760 TI - [Synthesis of a new nitrosamine, N-1'-methylacetonyl-N-3-methylbutyl nitrosamine]. PMID- 6219761 TI - [A preliminary study on the gene expression of aldolase isozymes and chromatin composition and transcription in Ehrlich ascites tumor and the host liver]. PMID- 6219762 TI - [Studies on thymic peptide factors. II. Biochemical characterization of calf thymic peptide factors]. PMID- 6219763 TI - [Influence of Chinese herb Lysimachia hemsleyana Maxim on immune responses in mice. II. Depletion of lymphoid tissue]. PMID- 6219764 TI - [Studies in vitro on invasion characteristics of cell line of human nasopharyngeal carcinoma]. PMID- 6219766 TI - [Preliminary study on pyquiton-induced hypertension and arrhythmia in rabbits]. PMID- 6219765 TI - [Preliminary study on R 761 treatment for leprosy]. PMID- 6219767 TI - [Chronic thyrotoxic myopathy--one case report]. PMID- 6219768 TI - [Bacteria-induced platelet aggregation and the effects of some drugs]. PMID- 6219769 TI - [Two fluorescence banding techniques and their application in human cytogenetics]. PMID- 6219770 TI - [Detection of malaria antibodies with micro-ELISA]. PMID- 6219771 TI - [Observation of the third component of complement (C3) and total hemolytic complement (CH50) in serum with SLE]. PMID- 6219772 TI - [Studies on the microsome antigen of Schistosoma japonicum. 1. Preliminary report on the preparation and antigenic properties of adult worm microsomes]. PMID- 6219774 TI - [Diagnosis and prescription based on combined traditional Chinese and western medicine]. PMID- 6219773 TI - [Antithrombotic effect of 9 traditional Chinese drugs]. PMID- 6219775 TI - [The bidirectional regulating mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine]. PMID- 6219776 TI - [Effects of Alisma plantago L on hyperlipemia, atherosclerosis and fatty liver]. PMID- 6219777 TI - [A survey of research on Yin Xu and Yang Xu]. PMID- 6219778 TI - [Historical data of medicine in Qing Dynasty: case records of westerners treated by traditional Chinese medicine]. PMID- 6219779 TI - [Combined traditional Chinese and western medicine in the treatment of adult acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)]. PMID- 6219780 TI - [Clinical and experimental study of the method of activating blood circulation and relieving blood stasis in the treatment of scleroderma]. PMID- 6219781 TI - [Treatment of upper urinary tract calculi with "mist-urolithiasis"]. PMID- 6219782 TI - [Immunological tests of uveitis and studies on its treatment according to traditional Chinese medicine]. PMID- 6219783 TI - [Clinical observation of acute intestinal obstruction treated with combined traditional Chinese and western medicine]. PMID- 6219784 TI - [Treatment of 36 cases of chronic atrophic gastritis with "Wei-An" No. I and II- comparative pathological analysis by gastroscopy and biopsy]. PMID- 6219785 TI - [Investigation on tongue appearances of 1,046 patients with malignant tumor- compared with those of 500 healthy subjects as control]. PMID- 6219787 TI - [Treatment of uremia with an enema of traditional Chinese medicine]. PMID- 6219786 TI - [Misdiagnosis of plasma cell disease to nephritis and uremia--problems of differential diagnosis]. PMID- 6219788 TI - [An initial study on the control of the bones by the kidney]. PMID- 6219789 TI - [Effects of "Coronary Heart II" on the release of serotonin and the ultrastructure of rabbit platelets]. PMID- 6219790 TI - [Protective effect of Chrysanthemum indicum L extract (CI-2) on myocardial injury in cultured neonatal rat heart cells deprived of oxygen and glucose]. PMID- 6219791 TI - [Effect of Qing Yi decoction No.I on the pancreatic exocrine function of rats]. PMID- 6219792 TI - [Plasma estradiol and testosterone concentrations in patients with coronary artery disease and the effect of treatment with Chinese medicinal herbs]. PMID- 6219793 TI - [Clinical and experimental study on anti-platelet aggregation effect of d catechin]. PMID- 6219794 TI - [Preliminary understanding of drug-induced toxic deafness treated with Polygonatum--a clinical analysis of 100 cases]. PMID- 6219795 TI - [Application of traditional Chinese medicine to minimal brain dysfunction syndrome in children]. PMID- 6219796 TI - [The relation between the serum gastrin level and the syndrome of deficiency of the spleen]. PMID- 6219797 TI - [Treatment of chronic bronchitis with ketanmin--a clinical study of 316 cases and pharmacological experiments]. PMID- 6219798 TI - [Therapeutic discussion of 98 cases of thromboangiitis obliterans phase III, stages 2 to 3]. PMID- 6219799 TI - [41 cases of unstable angina pectoris treated with a combination of traditional Chinese and western medicine]. PMID- 6219800 TI - [Treatment of eosinophilia with combinations of Gan Chan Fen, Zi Jin Ding and prednisone: a clinical observation of 13 cases]. PMID- 6219801 TI - [The effect of Qi-Fu injection on acute myocardial ischemia, left cardiac ventricular function and hemodynamics in anesthetized dogs]. PMID- 6219802 TI - [The effect of Sophora flavescens Ait alkaloid on transplanted neoplasm in mice]. PMID- 6219803 TI - [Several ideas on improving the current work on combinations of traditional Chinese and western medicine]. PMID- 6219804 TI - [Traditional Chinese medicine. Chinese medicinal herbs and immunology]. PMID- 6219805 TI - [Exploration of the application of vital function-reinforcing medicinal herbs in heart diseases]. PMID- 6219806 TI - [The fine tradition of Chinese medicine in the assimilation of foreign medicine]. PMID- 6219808 TI - [On the integration of traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine, modernization of traditional Chinese medicine and the creation of a new unified medicine in the world]. PMID- 6219807 TI - [Insufficiency of Yang of the spleen and kidney with over-retention of water and accompanying dampness and heat]. PMID- 6219810 TI - [Why is it necessary to attach Latin names for Chinese medicinal herbs?]. PMID- 6219809 TI - [Comparative study of the functions of hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid axis between elders and patients with "deficiency of Shen Yang"]. PMID- 6219811 TI - [Clinical application of tonifying recipes in traditional Chinese medicine]. PMID- 6219812 TI - [A preliminary study of the theory of "deficiency syndrome" in traditional Chinese medicine--change of cellular immunity in Yang Xu and Yin Xu]. PMID- 6219813 TI - [Typological classification of insufficiency symptoms with reference to immunological aspects: a clinical analysis of 100 cases]. PMID- 6219814 TI - [Change of blood levels of trace elements, zinc and copper, in patients with deficiency syndrome due to chronic liver diseases and their significance]. PMID- 6219815 TI - [The observation of immunologic aspects of chronic hepatitis and its relationship with the classification and differential diagnosis in traditional Chinese medicine--analysis of 96 cases]. PMID- 6219816 TI - [A preliminary observation of functions of hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal axis in patients with deficiency of Shen Yang (DSYa) and in aged men]. PMID- 6219817 TI - [Massive infusion with Chinese herbal preparations--a preliminary clinical and experimental study of "fluid-replacing" and "yin-restoring" injections]. PMID- 6219818 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of acute abdominal diseases in the aged with combined traditional Chinese and western medicine--analysis of 429 cases]. PMID- 6219819 TI - [Clinical observation of the gossypol treatment of endometriosis and uterine myoma and the location of the pharmacological action]. PMID- 6219820 TI - [Conditions for cholelith expulsion from the body and related factors]. PMID- 6219821 TI - [Treatment of nephrotic syndrome with combined traditional Chinese and western medicine in children--observation of 100 cases]. PMID- 6219822 TI - [Analysis of therapeutic effects in 48 cases of coronary diseases based on the method of differential diagnosis and treatment]. PMID- 6219823 TI - [Clinical analysis of 150 cases of schizophrenia treated with combined traditional Chinese and western medicine]. PMID- 6219824 TI - [The effect of a "Coronary Heart No. II" injection on the disorder of experimental microcirculation in mice]. PMID- 6219825 TI - [Toxoplasmosis--report of 2 cases]. PMID- 6219826 TI - [Problems arising from the design of clinical research in combined traditional Chinese and western medicine]. PMID- 6219827 TI - [Microcirculatory disturbances in relation to "blood stasis symptoms" and "activating blood and relieving stasis"]. PMID- 6219828 TI - [Deficiency of both Qi (vital energy) and blood]. PMID- 6219829 TI - Balloon dilation angioplasty of hypoplastic and stenotic pulmonary arteries. AB - Balloon dilation angioplasty (BDA) was attempted in seven children with either stenosis or hypoplasia (a narrowing greater than 1 cm long extending past the lung hilum) of both right and left pulmonary arteries (PAs). In two of these seven, the procedure could not be performed because of technical difficulties. In each of the remaining five children (1 1/2-16 years old), the right ventricular (RV) pressure was greater than 2/3 left ventricular pressure, main PA pressure was greater than 60 mm Hg, and previous operative attempts to relieve RV outflow obstruction, including the branch PA obstruction, were unsuccessful. BDA was performed in only one PA in each patient, and was considered successful if the pressure gradient decreased, angiographic diameter increased and the percentage of blood flow directed to the dilated lung increased. BDA was successful in all five children: RV pressure fell from 104 +/- 42 to 80 +/- 30 mm Hg (p less than 0.05), the gradient across the obstruction fell from 61 +/- 51 to 32 +/- 22 mm Hg (p less than 0.05), the diameter of the narrowed segment increased from 3.7 +/- 1.2 to 6.8 +/- 1.1 mm, p = 0.02), and the percentage of blood flow (as determined by quantitative lung scan) to the dilated lung increased from 41 +/- 16% to 52 +/ 22% (p less than 0.05). No morbidity was observed in any patient. Follow-up angiograms (2-12 months) in three of five patients indicate persistence of the anatomic improvement. While BDA did not restore right-heart pressures and anatomy to normal, it provided significant hemodynamic relief to a group of patients in whom traditional operative management has usually been unsuccessful. Final determination of the role of BDA in such patients must await the results of further studies. PMID- 6219830 TI - Obesity as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease: a 26-year follow-up of participants in the Framingham Heart Study. AB - The relationship between the degree of obesity and the incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) was reexamined in the 5209 men and women of the original Framingham cohort. Recent observations of disease occurrence over 26 years indicate that obesity, measured by Metropolitan Relative Weight, was a significant independent predictor of CVD, particularly among women. Multiple logistic regression analyses showed that Metropolitan Relative Weight, or percentage of desirable weight, on initial examination predicted 26-year incidence of coronary disease (both angina and coronary disease other than angina), coronary death and congestive heart failure in men independent of age, cholesterol, systolic blood pressure, cigarettes, left ventricular hypertrophy and glucose intolerance. Relative weight in women was also positively and independently associated with coronary disease, stroke, congestive failure, and coronary and CVD death. These data further show that weight gain after the young adult years conveyed an increased risk of CVD in both sexes that could not be attributed either to the initial weight or the levels of the risk factors that may have resulted from weight gain. Intervention in obesity, in addition to the well established risk factors, appears to be an advisable goal in the primary prevention of CVD. PMID- 6219831 TI - An in vitro study of lymphocytes in patients with atopic dermatitis. AB - The authors studied the T- and B-lymphocyte sub-populations, the stimulation of the lymphocytes with phytohaemagglutinin and pokeweed mitogen, the non-specific T suppressor activity and the amounts of serum IgE in a group of thirty-four patients with atopic dermatitis. Comparison with a group of 100 healthy controls revealed a diminution in the T sub-population, an increase in the B sub population, no change in the response index to stimulation with phytohaemagglutinin or pokeweed mitogen, a diminished T-suppressor activity and an increase in the level of serum IgE. PMID- 6219832 TI - Immune complexes and vasoactivity generated from platelets in pre-eclampsia. AB - In vivo platelet activation by circulating immune complexes has been suggested as one of the underlying mechanisms in preeclampsia. Using a modification of the polyethylene glycol protein-A immune complex assay, immune complexes were found in excess of the equivalent of 20 micrograms/ml heat aggregated IgG in fourteen out of twenty patients diagnosed as having pre-eclampsia. Only six out of nineteen normal controls were found to have similar levels of immune complexes. Furthermore, using a small volume bio-assay method, concentrations of heat aggregated IgG in excess of 20 micrograms/ml were found to activate platelets to release sufficient concentrations of vasoactive agents to constrict a human blood vessel in vitro. These results support the hypothesis that in vivo platelet activation by immune complexes can release sufficient concentrations of vasoactive agents to contribute to the hypertension characteristic of pre eclampsia. PMID- 6219833 TI - [A case of renovascular hypertension successfully treated by P.T.A and captopril]. PMID- 6219834 TI - Complement-dependent lymphocytotoxic antibodies (CLA) in systemic lupus erythematosus preferentially inhibit the generation of alloreactive cytotoxic T cells in secondary CML. AB - Complement-dependent lymphocytotoxic autoantibodies (CLA) are invariably present in sera of patients with active systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). This study aimed to test for the influence of such antibodies on the in vitro generation of human alloantigen reactive proliferative and cytotoxic T cell responses. Unsensitized or alloantigen primed memory cells were pre-treated with CLA in the presence or absence of complement. Following stimulation of the remaining cells with allogeneic peripheral blood mononuclears, the proliferative and cytotoxic capacity was evaluated. Results indicated that only pre-treatment with CLA and complement influenced these reactions whereas in the absence of complement antibodies were totally ineffective. Pre-treatment of unsensitized precursor cells reduced and delayed both proliferative and cytotoxic reactivity; in contrast, pre-treatment of memory cells exclusively reduced cellular cytotoxicity. It thus appears that such SLE associated autoantibodies in the presence of complement are capable of modifying the balance between different subsets of alloreactive T cells. PMID- 6219835 TI - Maternal cell-mediated immunity in normal and pre-eclamptic pregnancy. AB - Maternal cell-mediated immunity (CMI) to fetal (paternal) HLA was studied in both normal and pre-eclamptic pregnancies. Maternal-paternal mixed lymphocyte reactivity (MLR) was assessed using macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), leucocyte migration inhibitory factor (LIF) and blast transformation assays. Primary and secondary responses were differentiated by studying 6 day MLR time courses. Maternal lymphocytes (normal pregnancies) did not show an early, (i.e. secondary), proliferative response, nor did the pattern of LIF release suggest maternal CMI to fetal (paternal) HLA. However, the lymphocyte responses between pre-eclamptic couples, in terms of both proliferation and LIF release, were consistently and significantly different from those of normal couples; a finding which may reflect an abnormal immune response. PMID- 6219836 TI - Role of T lymphocytes in collagen II induced arthritis in rats. PMID- 6219837 TI - Numerical and functional deficiency in T helper cells in protein energy malnutrition. PMID- 6219838 TI - Suppressor cell activity in peripheral blood in cancer patients after surgery. AB - The influence of operative trauma on the responsiveness of PBM to PHA and Con A and the level of Con A-induced suppressor cell (Con A-SC) activity toward autologous responder cells (RC) were examined in patients with stage 0 uterine cancer after hysterectomy. The operation brought about a decrease on the second post-operative day in the responsiveness of PBM to various concentrations of PHA by 19.2-28.8% and to Con A by 31.2-41.8%, concomitantly with a decline in Con A SC activity from 43.7 to 22.0%. When the Con A-SC were tested against RC obtained from blood samples drawn prior to surgery and stored at -196 degrees C, an increase in the post-operative SC activity from 41.6 to 52.2% was observed which might indicate a post-operative stimulation of SC. On the other hand, when Con A SC were raised from PBM drawn before surgery and tested against RC obtained post operatively, they displayed a decreasing suppressive activity from 27.2 to 2.7%. This might be due to the pre- and post-operative stimulation of RC. The observed changes were most likely caused by a transient decrease in the number of blood T lymphocytes, altered proportions of blood T cells to other PBM cells and probably a non-specific stimulation of autologous cells responding in the suppressor cell activity assay. PMID- 6219839 TI - Failure of malaria vaccination in mice born to immune mothers. II. Induction of specific suppressor cells by maternal IgG. AB - Female BALB/c mice were vaccinated against blood stage P. yoelii malaria, infected 2 weeks later and after recovery mated to C57B1/6 males. When their offspring were subsequently vaccinated, the effectiveness of vaccination, as assessed by survival after infection, was significantly impaired until 8 weeks of age. Cell and serum transfer experiments indicated that specific maternally derived IgG interferes with protection in two distinct ways: (1) directly by prevention of priming by the vaccine and (2) indirectly by the induction and maintenance of specific suppressor T cells (TS) which act to inhibit the generation of memory T helper cells involved in IgG production, as measured by the response to TNP-P. yoelii. Furthermore, it is shown that the maternal IgG and the TS cells act in synergy to abolish the protective effect of vaccination. PMID- 6219840 TI - Inhibition of phytohaemagglutinin-induced proliferation of human peripheral blood lymphocytes by histamine and histamine H1 and H2 agonists. AB - Histamine (10(-3)-10(-8) M) inhibits PHA-induced proliferation of human peripheral blood lymphocytes (HPBL). Inhibition is detected at low concentrations of PHA but is rarely observed at high PHA concentrations. The histamine type II (H2) receptor agonists dimaprit, impromidine and 4-methylhistamine (4MH) inhibit HPBL proliferation and the H2 antagonist, cimetidine, reverses histamine-induced suppression of HPBL proliferation. Lymphocyte proliferation is also inhibited by the H1 receptor agonists, 2-pyridylethylamine and 2-thiazoylylethylamine, but only at high concentrations (10(-3) and 10(-4) M). The H1 agonist 2 methylhistamine, suppresses PHA-induced proliferation of HPBL in analogous fashion to histamine. This effect is reversed by cimetidine but not by diphenhydramine suggesting that an H2 receptor interaction is involved. PMID- 6219842 TI - Unimpaired B-cell function and T-cell regulation of immunoglobulin synthesis in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection. PMID- 6219841 TI - In situ analysis of the mononuclear cell infiltrate in primary malignant melanoma of the skin. AB - Monoclonal antibodies, directed against functionally different lymphocyte subsets, were applied on frozen sections of primary malignant melanomas and benign nevi. Positive reaction was identified by means of an immunoperoxidase method. It was found that lymphocytic infiltrate underneath and in between malignant melanoma is composed of approximately equal numbers of OKT4 positive helper and OKT8 positive suppressor/cytotoxic T cells. The majority of these lymphocytes also expressed HLA-Dr antigen, indicating an activated state. In addition HLA-Dr, OKT6 positive dendritic cells were present in the infiltrate and between the melanoma cells. Finally, melanoma cells expressed demonstrable amounts of HLA A, B, C antigens, whereas benign nevi did not. It is concluded that all ingredients for a successful immune reaction against primary malignant melanoma are on hand. This finding is in agreement with the relatively frequent occurrence of partial or even complete regression of primary malignant melanoma of the skin. PMID- 6219843 TI - In vitro studies of the hyper-IgE disorders: suppression of spontaneous IgE synthesis by allogeneic suppressor T lymphocytes. PMID- 6219844 TI - Genetic control of susceptibility to mercury-induced immune nephritis in various strains of rat. PMID- 6219845 TI - Evaluation of B-cell, T-helper-cell, and T-suppressor-cell function in patients with Graves' disease before and after treatment with anti-thyroid drugs. PMID- 6219846 TI - Suppressor cells of mitogen-induced lymphocyte proliferation in the peripheral blood of patients with common variable hypogammaglobulinemia. PMID- 6219847 TI - Interactions between mezlocillin and sisomicin in vitro and in patients with normal and various degrees of impaired renal function. AB - During in vitro experiments using pooled human plasma at 37 degrees C, sisomicin alone showed only a small loss of activity of 12% in 24 hr. Incubation with 80 micrograms/ml mezlocillin did not alter the rate of inactivation. But, after the addition of 300 micrograms/ml mezlocillin to either 5.0 or 2.5 micrograms/ml sisomicin, the sisomicin half-life was reduced by 50% and 100% respectively. When the mean drug concentration ratios are compared, inactivation of sisomicin by mezlocillin was significantly less than that reported for carbenicillin or ticarcillin. Sisomicin pharmacokinetics were studied in 27 patients with normal and various degrees of impaired renal function (Part A) and were not changed by the simultaneous administration of mezlocillin 60 mg/kg (Part B). Furthermore, even in far advanced renal insufficiency, sisomicin inactivation by mezlocillin could not be demonstrated. The differing results obtained with mezlocillin compared to carbenicillin or ticarcillin might be explained by differences in the physico-chemical properties of the drugs in addition to the different kinetic behavior of mezlocillin in patients with impaired renal function. PMID- 6219848 TI - Natural killer (NK) cells and their possible roles in resistance against disease. PMID- 6219849 TI - Suppressor cells of man. PMID- 6219850 TI - Regression of left ventricular hypertrophy and control of hypertension in the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR): oxprenolol versus hydrochlorothiazide. AB - The control of hypertension with antihypertensive agents, in the spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) can result in regression of established cardiac hypertrophy. This study compared the effects of therapy with oxprenolol (Ox) and with hydrochlorothiazide (Htz) for (1) regression of established left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and (2) blood pressure control. Three groups of SHR and 3 comparable groups of Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats, matched for age, sex and body wt, were treated with tap water (Gp I), 60-200 mg hydrochlorothiazide kg-1 day-1 (Gp II) and 15-500 mg oxprenolol kg-1 day-1 (Gp III) for 13 weeks. Systolic and diastolic blood pressures (SBP, DBP mmHg), left ventricular wt/body wt ratio (LVwt/Bwt mg g-1) and left ventricular wall thickness (LVWT mm) were recorded. Oxprenolol lowered both systolic (mean +/- S.E. mmHg, 130 +/- 7 vs 189 +/- 8; P less than 0.01) and diastolic blood pressures (mean +/- S.E. mmHg, 104 +/- 6 vs 159 +/- 6; P less than 0.001) and caused regression of left ventricular hypertrophy (mean +/- S.E. mg g-1, 2.91 +/- 0.06 vs 3.10 +/- 0.09; P less than 0.05). In contrast, hydrochlorothiazide did not control blood pressure (mean +/- S.E. mmHg, 183 +/- 5 vs 189 +/- 6 and 152 +/- 5 vs 156 +/- 6), but it did cause regression of left ventricular hypertrophy (mean +/- S.E. mg g-1, 2.67 +/- 0.03 vs 3.10 +/- 0.09; P less than 0.01). Left ventricular wall thickness, measured in the mid-ventricular region, was significantly reduced only by hydrochlorothiazide (mean +/- S.E. mm, 2.76 +/- 0.06 vs 3.21 +/- 0.01; P less than 0.05). These results suggest that regression of left ventricular hypertrophy can occur with or without control of hypertension in the SHR. PMID- 6219851 TI - Ultrastructures of nerve fibers and muscle spindles in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. AB - Muscle biopsies were obtained from the erector spinae to investigate ultrastructural changes in nerve fibers and muscle spindles in patients suffering from adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Membranous bodies are found in myelinated nerve fibers, both within and outside the muscle spindles. Leptofibrils are formed beneath the sarcolemma of the intrafusal muscle fibers. Additionally, in the intrafusal muscle fiber, there are slight increases in the amount of lipid droplets and glycogen particles, and the sarcoplasmic reticulum is slightly dilated. These changes may affect the metabolism of the muscle fiber and the normal balance of the contractile system. The cause-and-effect relationship of the changes in adolescent scoliosis warrants further investigation. PMID- 6219852 TI - Extraosseous accumulation of Tc-99m MDP. Metastatic intracranial neuroblastoma. PMID- 6219853 TI - Disability Aids Directory. PMID- 6219854 TI - Structural properties of Type I collagen isolated from chickens with scoliosis. AB - This study examines biochemically the Type I collagen isolated from skin of chickens that develop idiopathic scoliosis. Previous studies indicate a defect in collagen exists in these chickens. Alpha 1 (I) and alpha 2 chains were separated by gel filtration and carboxymethyl cellulose column chromatography and were then subjected to the analytical techniques of sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis, Staphylococcus aureus V8 protease digestion, cyanogen bromide peptide mapping and amino acid analyses. In all categories, the scoliotic alpha 1 (I) and alpha 2 chains were identical to alpha chains isolated from normal chickens. These data suggest that the altered properties of collagen solubility and connective tissue stress relaxation seen in these scoliotic chickens are not a manifestation of an altered primary structure of the alpha chains or post translational modification affecting chromatographic elution profiles or electrophoretic migration patterns. PMID- 6219855 TI - Lathyrism: aortic and cutaneous collagen in the rat. AB - In the rat the administration of lathyrogenic toxic agents at low doses over prolonged periods of time caused simultaneous alterations in aortic and cutaneous tissues. BAPN caused an increase in soluble collagen in the skin, but in aorta there was no increase in neutral salt soluble collagen, but an increase in the amount that could be solubilized with pepsin. Type III collagen was found to represent 7% in the control aorta samples and this level was not affected by BAPN. In skin Type III accounts for 11% of the extractable collagen in controls and 14% in lathyritic animals. Biochemical changes observed in this study show evidence for collagenous lesions by increases in solubility in both skin and aorta but in neither tissue was the percentage of Type III altered by lathyrism. PMID- 6219856 TI - Two major non-collagenous glycoproteins in embryonic chick arteries. AB - Glycoprotein-containing extracts were obtained from thoracic arteries of embryonic chicks by sequential treatment involving 6 M guanidinium chloride, purified bacterial collagenase, and 6 M guanidinium chloride plus 50 mM dithiothreitol. Two major glycopolypeptides, designated G1 and G2, having apparent mol. wts. of 140,000 and 130,000 respectively were detected by SDS/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Equilibrium density gradient ultracentrifugation demonstrated G1 and G2 to be glycoproteins and not proteoglycans or glycosaminoglycans. Amino acid analysis of a glycoprotein enriched fraction confirmed the non-collagenous nature of G1 and G2. The highly insoluble nature of these glycoproteins suggests that these species are intimately associated with the extracellular matrix. Glycoproteins of similar size were also extracted from wing tendons indicating that G1 and G2 may be common to the elastic tissues of the chick. PMID- 6219857 TI - Activation of human synovial cells by cholera enterotoxin: correlation of morphological responses with adenylate cyclase activities, and the reversing effects of hyaluronidase. AB - Previously described morphological changes in human synovial cell cultures due to cholera enterotoxin (CT) were studied in relation to activation of adenylate cyclase. A single pulse of CT at nanomolar concentration or less induced at least two-fold activation of adenylate cyclase, which persisted for 7 days or more. The enzyme hyaluronidase was found to cause a rapid reversal of the morphological effects of CT. There was also a reduction in adenylate cyclase activity but only with hyaluronidase concentrations greater than those required to produce maximum reversal of the CT-induced morphological changes. Removal of hyaluronidase was followed by reappearance of the CT-associated morphological effects and a slower reactivation of adenylate cyclase. The mechanism by which hyaluronidase produces the observed changes in synovial cells is not known, but might be related to the dispersal of hyaluronic acid gels bound to the surface of these cells. PMID- 6219858 TI - Mechanism of crosslinking of proteins by glutaraldehyde I: reaction with model compounds. AB - 3H-Glycine and 6-aminohexanoic acid were used as model amine compounds and reacted with glutaraldehyde. Based on the spectral characteristics and the molecular weights obtained from the reaction products, it is concluded that glutaraldehyde can modify amines to form an intermediate which absorbs at 300 nm and has a molecular weight of about 200. In the presence of excess glutaraldehyde, this intermediate is quickly converted to a much larger intermediate which absorb strongly at 265 nm. The larger intermediates are finally altered to yield a strong absorption peak at 325 nm with no apparent change in the molecular weight. These results suggest that a process of polymerization is induced by the initial reaction of glutaraldehyde with amines. The glutaraldehyde-polymer amine complex is self-limiting in size and can undergo internal rearrangement to become chemically inert. PMID- 6219859 TI - Electron density distribution of dry avian tendon. AB - The electron density profile along the unit cell of dry native collagen is determined. The method used is a modification of one that has been used successfully for wet native collagen. Uranyl acetate and phosphotungstic acid were used for isomorphous addition in phase determination and were located by electron microscopy. Structure factor magnitudes for dry collagen with and without the heavy metals were obtained from X-ray diffraction data. The first 9 orders were investigated. Standard Argand diagrams provided a unique solution for the phase of each. The resultant profile suggests that significant conformation changes occur in both the non-helical ends and the triple-helix portions of the molecules. PMID- 6219860 TI - Recovery of embolized albumin microspheres from the pulmonary microvasculature using a wedged balloon-tipped catheter. AB - This study was performed to determine if particulate material within the pulmonary vascular bed could be sampled by aspirating blood from a wedged pulmonary artery catheter. 99mTechnetium-labeled albumin microspheres (20 micrometers) were injected and embolized into the precapillary pulmonary vasculature of 6 critically ill and 4 routine diagnostic catheterization patients. Recovery of the particulates was demonstrated by comparing the gamma radioactivity of the wedge blood sample obtained to that of mixed venous blood. The degree of success in the recovery corresponded to the height of the oxygen tension of the wedge blood sample (PWO2). This suggests that the PWO2 may be a useful marker of successful sampling of the pulmonary microvascular bed during wedge aspiration. In wedge samples obtained serially, peak yield of the microspheres was obtained within the first 10 ml whereas peak oxygen tension was obtained at 20 ml of total aspiration volume. Wedge aspiration has promise as a sampling method for microembolized particulates in the investigation of acute pulmonary microvascular diseases. PMID- 6219861 TI - The influence of tryptophan and its metabolites upon rabbit lens electrolyte balance. AB - The effect of tryptophan and three major metabolites of tryptophan on the rabbit lens electrolyte balance was examined. Even at 3 x 10(-3) M tryptophan, tryptamine and xanthurenic acid had no effect on lens sodium, potassium and calcium content after a 20 hr incubation. Small but significant changes in lens sodium and potassium content were induced by 20 hr incubation in 2 x 10(-3) M 3 hydroxy-DL-kynurenine and 10(-3) M hydroxyanthranilic acid. Lens Na, K-ATPase activity was unaffected by 3 x 10(-3) M tryptophan. Tryptamine reduced, to a small extent, Na,K-ATPase activity at 3 x 10(-3) M, but was without effect at 10( 3) M. 3-hydroxy-DL-kynurenine (2 x 10(-3) M) and 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid (10( 3) M) inhibited Na,K-ATPase activity by 27% and 30% respectively. Only 3-hydroxy DL-kynurenine had a demonstrable effect on 86Rb uptake. It is concluded that, in contrast to findings in the amphibian lens, metabolites of tryptophan have minimal or no detrimental effects upon rabbit lens electrolyte balance under the in vitro conditions of these experiments. However, this does not rule out a long term effect of these compounds should they accumulate in the lens. PMID- 6219862 TI - The use of halcinonide solution, 0.1 percent, in the treatment of eczematous diseases. AB - Halcinonide solution, 0.1 percent, was used to treat sixty-six patients with eczematous dermatoses. The majority of the responses were excellent, with the condition clearing completely in eight patients within the first week. The total mean amount of medication used by each patient for twice a day application for one or two weeks was less than 24 ml. PMID- 6219864 TI - Peak flow meters. PMID- 6219863 TI - [Team cooperation in a specialty outpatient dental clinic for children]. PMID- 6219865 TI - In vitro activity of moxalactam against pathogenic bacteria and its comparison with other antibiotics. AB - 843 isolates from clinical specimens were tested against moxalactam by disc agar diffusion. The bacteria used in this study consisted of Escherichia coli, Enterobacter aerogenes, Enterobacter agglomerans, Enterobacter cloacae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Providencia rettgeri, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Serratia marcescens, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis and group B and group D Streptococci. In vitro activity of moxalactam was compared with the following antibiotics: ampicillin, amikacin, carbenicillin, cefamandole, cefoxitin, cephalothin, chloramphenicol, clindamycin, colistin, erythromycin, gentamicin, oxacillin, penicillin, tetracycline, tobramycin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and vancomycin. Of the 471 strains of Enterobacteriaceae tested, 466 (98.9%) were susceptible to moxalactam. Except for penicillin G, the gram-positive cocci were generally more resistant to moxalactam than the other beta-lactam antibiotics. Moxalactam was comparable to gentamicin, as far as its activity against P. aeruginosa was concerned, but was less effective than amikacin, tobramycin, carbenicillin or colistin. PMID- 6219867 TI - Identification of a Balb/c mouse pro alpha 1(I) procollagen gene: evidence for insertions or deletions in gene coding sequences. AB - We report the first isolation and identification of a mouse genomic fragment encoding amino acid sequences for the pro alpha 1(I) chain of type I procollagen. The DNA sequence of eight coding sequences is presented; five of these are 54 bp and three are 108 bp in length. Together these specify 198 amino acids which are 94% homologous to the corresponding bovine pro alpha 1(I) chain protein sequences. Each of the eight coding sequences is flanked by appropriate splice junction sequences that exhibit considerable sequence complementarity to the rat small nuclear U1a RNA. In the 198 codons examined in this mouse genomic clone, the preferred codons for glycine and alanine are GGU (46/67) and GCU (23/30), respectively. This is in contrast to the codon usage reported for the chicken pro alpha 1(I) cDNA clone (Fuller and Boedtker, 1981). The examined coding sequences exhibit considerable nucleotide homology in both end-to-end and in staggered alignments. Based on an analysis of this homology data, a model is presented for the generation of 108-bp coding sequences from 54-bp units by two successive homologous recombinational events within coding sequences. Alternatively, the 108 bp units may have arisen by precise deletions of an intervening sequence between 54-bp coding sequences. Evidence supporting this is provided by a comparison of pro alpha 1(I) and pro alpha 2(I) genes. In the mouse pro alpha 1(I) gene amino acids 856-891 are encoded in a 108-bp unit; the chicken pro alpha 2(I) gene these residues are encoded in two 54-bp coding sequences. In addition, the coding sequences for nearly 50% of the alpha domain are condensed in the pro alpha 1(I) gene into a region approximately one half the size occupied by the comparable sequences in the pro alpha 2(I) gene. PMID- 6219866 TI - Increased thymic hormone responsive suppressor T lymphocyte function in chronic active hepatitis. AB - Mitogen-induced suppressor T lymphocyte function was evaluated in patients with chronic active hepatitis (CAH). The in vitro effect of the biological response modifier, thymosin fraction 5, on the suppressive activity of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBM) was also assessed. Suppressor cell activity was significantly decreased in patients with CAH when compared to controls (P less than 0.001). In the absence of the inducing mitogen, thymosin-treated PBM from both patients and controls promoted enhancement of tritiated thymidine uptake by cocultured allogeneic lymphocytes. When thymosin-treated mononuclear cells were mitogen-activated; patients, but not the controls, showed a marked increase in suppressor activity (P less than 0.001). These results indicate that the polypeptides contained in thymosin fraction 5 can promote a helper effect in patients and controls. Furthermore, PBM from patients with CAH contain a subset of lymphocytes that can express a suppressive function following thymosin treatment. We conclude that thymosin fraction 5 can promote an in vitro restoration of suppressor T cell function in patients with CAH. PMID- 6219869 TI - Dose dependent alteration in lipid and carbohydrate metabolites in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. AB - 1. A relationship is established between different doses of intraperitoneally injected streptozotocin (SZ) and the degree of hyperglycemia and hyperlipemia. 2. Changes in serum level of glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides and NEFA were determined after intraperitoneal administration of three different doses (55 mg, 85 mg and 125 mg/kg body weight) of SZ. Cholesterol level was significantly (P less than 0.001) elevated after 72 hrs only in the animals which received 85 mg/kg and 125 mg/kg SZ. 3. Dose dependent changes in NEFA and triglycerides could be observed after 24 hrs of SZ administration. 4. Diabetic animals consistently showed triphasic blood sugar response, initial hyperglycemia at 5-7 hrs, profound hypoglycemia in between 8-12 hrs and finally an irreversible hyperglycemic state by 24 hrs and onwards. 5. Liver and muscle glycogen were continuously decreased except a significant rise at 12 hrs coinciding with hypoglycemic phase. During the experimental period SZ treated rats continuously lost weight, while control animals progressively gained weight. In summary these changes indicated that diabetogenicity is dose dependent and the severity can be judged by elevated lipid metabolites. PMID- 6219868 TI - Effects of thyrotropin on the phosphorylation of histones and nonhistone phosphoproteins in micrococcal nuclease-sensitive and resistant thyroid chromatin. AB - Actively transcribed regions of chromatin are more susceptible than bulk chromatin to digestion by nucleases, and useful information about the composition and structure of active chromatin may be obtained by studying the chromatin fragments released from nuclei by limited nuclease digestion. In the present study, we have used micrococcal nuclease to investigate the effects of TSH on protein phosphorylation in nuclease-sensitive fractions of calf thyroid chromatin. Batches of calf thyroid slices were incubated for 2 h with 32Pi, with or without 50 mU/ml TSH. Nuclei were then prepared and the distribution of 32P labeled histones, high mobility group (HMG) proteins, and other acid-soluble phosphoproteins between micrococcal nuclease-sensitive and resistant fractions of chromatin was examined. TSH increased the amount of 32P incorporated into HMG 14 and the histones H1 and H3. Hormone-dependent increases in the 32P-labeling of H1 and H3 were not selectively associated with micrococcal nuclease-sensitive chromatin. In contrast, [32P] HMG-14 was preferentially solubilized from nuclei by micrococcal nuclease. This lends support to the view that TSH-induced effects on the structure and function of transcriptionally active chromatin may be mediated in part by phosphorylation of HMG 14. PMID- 6219870 TI - Potentiation of the antiepileptic activity of phenobarbital by nicotinamide. AB - Nicotinamide is a ligand of the benzodiazepine receptor and has been reported to have anticonvulsant activity. In addition, our previous clinical experience has raised the possibility that it may also potentiate the action of barbiturates. Therefore, we have examined the anticonvulsant activity and neurotoxicity of nicotinamide alone and in combination with phenobarbital in mice. Nicotinamide had its maximal anticonvulsant effect 15 min and its maximal sedative effect 45 min after intraperitoneal injection. At 15 min, the median effective dose was 586.5 mg/kg against bicuculline and 2,019 mg/kg against pentylenetetrazol. Nicotinamide was ineffective against maximal electroshock. It had a sedative effect, with a median toxic dose of 874.8 mg/kg by the Rotorod Toxicity Test at 45 min. At doses that were ineffective by themselves (0.01 effective dose) nicotinamide potentiated the anticonvulsant activity of phenobarbital against bicuculline and pentylenetetrazol, but the toxicity was not potentiated and therefore the therapeutic index of phenobarbital was improved by nicotinamide. These results suggest that nicotinamide may be useful as a therapeutic adjunct for the treatment of epilepsy with phenobarbital or primidone. PMID- 6219871 TI - Effects of antimutagens on prophage induction in E coli lysogenic for lambda. AB - The effects of caffeine, acriflavine, spermine, quinacrine, and adenosine on spontaneous and UV-induced prophage induction in repair-proficient and -deficient strains of lysogenic Escherichia coli were examined. Caffeine caused a coinducing effect on UV induction in KMBL 160 (repair proficient) and KMBL 163 (uvrA), an anti-inducing effect in KMBL 161 (uvrE), and had no detectable effect in KMBL 164 (uvrC). Acriflavine increased UV induction in KMBL 160 and decreased it in all three repair-deficient mutant strains. Spontaneous induction was reduced by acriflavine in all four strains. Spermine caused a decrease in UV induction in KMBL 160 and KMBL 164, while it had limited effect in KMBL 161 and KMBL 163. For spontaneous induction spermine caused an increase in KMBL 160 and KMBL 163, a decrease in KMBL 164 and no detectable effect in KMBL 161. Quinacrine had no significant effect on spontaneous induction in KMBL 160 and KMBL 164, but caused a decrease in spontaneous induction in KMBL 161 and KMBL 163. Quinacrine produced no effect on UV induction in KMBL 160; however, it decreased UV induction in the three repair-deficient strains to some extent. A significant increase in spontaneous induction in KMBL 160 was caused by adenosine, while it had little effect in the repair-deficient strains. UV induction was not affected by adenosine. PMID- 6219872 TI - Pulmonary response to Mount St. Helens' volcanic ash. AB - The pulmonary response to a sedimented sample of Mount St. Helens' volcanic ash from the first eruption was studied at 1, 7, 28, 90, and 180 days postintratracheal administration of 1 or 10 mg of ash in specific-pathogen-free rats. One day administration of volcanic ash all animals exhibited a marked inflammatory cell response centered on respiratory bronchioles in which polymorphonuclear leukocytes predominated. At 7 days the reaction was characterized by mononuclear cellular infiltrates. The macrophages within the respiratory bronchioles and alveoli contained intracytoplasmic ash particles. At 28 days the intraalveolar aggregates of mononuclear cells had condensed to form granulomas. Most of the granulomas contained foreign body-type giant cells and some showed central necrosis. The granulomas enlarged in size from 28 days until the termination of the experiment at 180 days with progressive increase in the amount of collagenous tissue. The results of these studies suggest that the volcanic ash may pose a risk for pneumoconiosis in heavily exposed human populations. PMID- 6219873 TI - Effects of mercurial compounds on adenine nucleotides of washed pig platelets. AB - The effects of methylmercuric chloride, mercuric chloride, and phenylmercuric acetate (10(-6) - 10(-3) mole/liter) on thrombin-induced release of adenine nucleotides from washed pig platelets were investigated. The inhibitory effects of mercurials were always reached when the higher thrombin concentration (0.74 units NIH/ml) was used. Incubation of washed pig platelets with methylmercuric chloride caused a decrease of intracellular level of platelet ATP and statistically significant changes in ATP/ADP ratio. PMID- 6219874 TI - Experimental evidence and theoretical discussion for long-term oscillations of phosphofructokinase in a compartmentalized system. AB - The activity of rabbit muscle phosphofructokinase (EC 2.7.1.11) has been followed as a function of time under conditions where the enzyme is separated from the bulk solution by an inert membrane. An enzymatic coupling assay allows continuous measurement of the variations in NADH concentration, which is directly related to the enzyme catalytic activity. For given concentrations of substrates (ATP and Fru6P) in the outside reservoir and a given ratio between diffusion coefficients of both substrates, the activity of phosphofructokinase exhibits an oscillatory behavior during a period of about 5 h. The phenomenon is explained in terms of coupling between diffusion of metabolites and non-linear enzyme reaction. PMID- 6219875 TI - Conformation and domain structure of the non-histone chromosomal proteins, HMG 1 and 2. Isolation of two folded fragments from HMG 1 and 2. AB - Proteins HMG 1 and 2 have been digested with trypsin and two major products, stable to further digestion between 8 min and 2 h, have been purified (peptides A and B). Peptide B from HMG 1 has been identified as residues 12-75 and peptide A as residues 94/96-169 by amino acid analyses and Edman degradations. Peptide B spontaneously folds with the formation of 51% helix and exhibits the majority of the perturbed NMR resonances characteristic of folded intact HMG 1. Peptide B is stably folded in the presence of 150 mM NaCl between pH 3 and 10, like intact HMG 1. Peptide A forms 30% alpha-helix and also exhibits tertiary folding but is denatured by pH 10. The 11 N-terminal residues removed by trypsin contain both sites of post-synthetic acetylation (residues 2 and 11), a situation very similar to that found with core histones. It is proposed that HMG 1 and 2 consist of four structural domains, viz: (a) residues 1-11, (b) residues 12 to approximately 75, (c) residues 94-169 and (d) the very acidic region beyond residue 169. The instability of peptide A may mean that it is not a truly independent domain. No structural similarities to histone H1 are therefore observed in HMG 1 and 2. PMID- 6219877 TI - Appropriate measurements of maximal coronary vasodilator capacity. PMID- 6219876 TI - Bone scintigraphy in idiopathic aseptic femoral head necrosis (IAFHN). AB - Idiopathic aseptic femoral head necrosis (IAFHN) is a disease of unknown aetiology most commonly affecting adults, producing functional impairment of the hip joint and immobility. Characteristic macroscopic, microscopic and radiologic features include: (1) changes in joint cartilage, (2) subchondral necrotic area, (3) changes in fibrous tissue, and (4) osteosclerosis and vascular proliferation. The diagnosis is based on clinical and X-ray examinations. More recently scintigraphy has been used in diagnosing IAFHN. It is a very sensitive, but non specific method. Nineteen patients aged 25-57 years were included in our study. Scintigrams were divided in four groups: (1) normal, (2) uniformly increased activity in the femoral head, (3) non-uniformly increased activity in the femoral head, and (4) a photon deficient area in the femoral head. A comparison of scintigraphy and radiological examination suggests that a photon deficient area corresponds with stage III of radiological classification, non-uniformly increased activity with stage II, and uniformly increased activity with stage I. These results indicate that scintigraphy can be used for staging of disease. PMID- 6219878 TI - Social skills assessment as a component of mainstreaming placement decisions. PMID- 6219879 TI - A training program for parents of handicapped preschool children: effects upon mother, father, and child. PMID- 6219880 TI - Changing attitudes of preschool children toward handicapped persons. PMID- 6219881 TI - Compensation for regular classroom teachers: state and territorial provisions. PMID- 6219882 TI - Monoclonal antibodies against HLA-DR antigens acting on stimulator cells prevent OKT8+ T lymphocytes from acquiring sensitivity to interleukin 2 and expressing suppressor function. PMID- 6219883 TI - Immunosuppression caused by antigen feeding II. Suppressor T cells mask Peyer's patch B cell priming to orally administered antigen. AB - Peyer's patch (PP) cells transferred into sublethally irradiated recipients generated substantial IgM, IgG and IgA anti-sheep red blood cell (SRBC) plaque forming cell (PFC) responses in the recipient spleen. If donor mice were given SRBC orally for 4-5 weeks prior to transfer, the adoptively transferred PP IgG and IgA responses were considerably suppressed, although the IgM responses were often unaffected. Co-injection of PP cells from antigen-fed mice with PP cells from normal mice resulted in marked suppression of the normal PP IgG and IgA response. However, treatment of PP cells from antigen-fed mice with anti-Thy-1.2 plus complement prior to cotransfer completely abrogated suppression of the IgG PFC response and partially abrogated the suppressed IgA response. B cells from the PP of antigen-fed mice, when transferred into SRBC-primed irradiated recipients (to provide T cell help) generated 2-3 times more IgG and IgA PFC than comparable numbers of B cells from the PP of normal mice. Thus antigen feeding generates suppressor T cells in PP which can mask the expression of B cell priming to orally administered antigen. PMID- 6219884 TI - Distinct helper activities control growth or maturation of B lymphocytes. AB - A clone (C-11) of C3H/HeJ Lyt-1+2-T cells with specificity for "minor" antigens of C3H/Tif has been isolated which, in contrast to other similarly derived clones, did not activate polyclonal plaque-forming cell (PFC) responses in T cell depleted "target" spleen cells. This clone, however, showed unaltered proliferative responses to the naturally occurring antigen(s) on presenting cells, and strongly synergized with regular helper clones in the induction of PFC responses. Further analysis demonstrated that C-11 cells are competent to stimulate extensive "target" B cell proliferation, but lack the ability to produce (or participate in the production of) maturation factors for activated B cells. Thus, the defective PFC responses could be fully reconstituted with supernatants from regular clones stimulated with antigen, but not by supernatants prepared from the C-11 cells themselves. While it is not clear whether this clone represents a normal helper T cell subpopulation or a variant that has lost maturation-factor production, these results demonstrate that distinct factors control growth and maturation in T cell-dependent B lymphocyte responses. PMID- 6219885 TI - Immunoglobulin C gene expression. IV. Alternative control of IgG1-producing cells by helper cell-derived B cell-specific growth or maturation factors. PMID- 6219886 TI - Autologous marrow recovery and sensitization to non-HLA antigens after HLA identical marrow transplantation for aplastic anemia. AB - One hundred seventy-five patients with severe aplastic anemia were treated by high-dose cyclophosphamide and HLA-A, -B, and -D-identical sibling marrow transplants. Thirty-eight patients rejected their grafts. Four of the 38 showed autologous marrow recovery as determined by blood genetic markers. The remarkable feature of one case following autologous marrow recovery was the presence of unidirectional proliferative and cytotoxic responses of circulating host lymphocytes to marrow donor lymphocytes in mixed lymphocyte culture and cell mediated lympholysis. Presumably these responses were the result of in vivo sensitization to those non-HLA antigens for which donor and recipient differed. PMID- 6219887 TI - A monoclonal antibody to platelet glycoproteins IIb and IIIa complex: its use in purifying human megakaryocytes from sternal bone marrow aspirates for immunofluorescence studies of Ia-like antigens. AB - A monoclonal antibody (PBM 6.4) to platelet and megakaryocyte glycoproteins IIb and IIIa has been obtained and used to purify human megakaryocytes from sternal bone marrow aspirates by a simple method, consisting of a Percoll gradient centrifugation followed by affinity adherence on PBM 6.4-coated plastic surface, "panning." Megakaryocytes, 80-90% pure and morphologically well preserved, were attached to poly-L-ornithine-coated multi-well microscope slides and immunofluorescence was done using monoclonal antibodies to human Ia-like antigens (DR, DC1). A higher proportion of DR-positive megakaryocytes was found, in comparison to the values reported by others, while DC1 antigen was detected on about 20% of megakaryocytes. The method described has the unique feature of enriching cells of the human megakaryocytic lineage from simple diagnostic sternal aspirates in an amount adequate for immunofluorescent and morphological analysis. PMID- 6219888 TI - Right heart impairment in sarcoidosis: haemodynamic and echocardiographic study. AB - 62 patients with histologically confirmed sarcoidosis (7 with Stage 0, 9 with Stage I, 20 with Stage II, 26 with Stage III) underwent right heart haemodynamics (Swan Ganz) and M-mode echocardiography. Haemodynamic study showed mild to moderate pulmonary hypertension in many patients with Stage II and III sarcoidosis, and 5 patients with Stage 0 healed sarcoidosis, showed borderline values of right sided pressures. Echocardiographic study showed increased right ventricular index (RVI) and right ventricular anterior wall thickness (RVAWT) in most patients. The good correlations between echocardiographic and haemodynamic data suggest that echocardiography may be a useful technique for the non-invasive assessment of the effects of pulmonary hypertension on the right heart in sarcoidosis. PMID- 6219889 TI - Influence of chronic spinal cord stimulation upon differentiation of beta muscle fibers in a fast muscle (posterior latissimus dorsi) of the chick embryo. AB - The aim of this work was to study the influence upon differentiation of muscle fiber types of the multiple innervation induced in a fast muscle by chronic spinal cord stimulation. In previous work, we showed that low-frequency stimulation applied to the spinal cord of the chick embryo caused a distributed innervation of muscle fibers in the posterior latissimus dorsi (PLD). In normal development, some beta fibers differentiate within this muscle, the maximal number being attained by 14 to 15 days of embryonic development. Later, the numbers of beta fibers decreased with age. In spinal cord-stimulated embryos the beta muscle fibers within the PLD were stabilized and did not disappear. After the cessation of spinal cord stimulation, the number of beta fibers within the PLD muscle did not decrease. There are possible explanations of the influence of chronic spinal cord stimulation and muscular activity upon formation and persistence of beta fibers within a fast muscle. PMID- 6219890 TI - Discharge from total populations of Ia and II afferent fibers in the cat's deefferented medial gastrocnemius muscle during static stretch. AB - Estimates were made of the changing volumes of discharge arising from the total populations of Ia and II spindle afferent fibers in the cat's deefferented medial gastrocnemius as the muscle was extended stepwise over its excursion range. The estimates were based on values reported elsewhere for (i) the incidence of active units and (ii) their rates of discharge at static muscle lengths normalized against the excursion range of the particular muscle, together with (iii) the numbers of Ia and II afferent fibers in the medial gastrocnemius as derived from a critical review of published information. Curves representing the total discharge of the two afferent types are similar and show three phases: an initial level of spontaneous activity, a somewhat curvilinear rise associated with early recruitment of units during stretch, and rectilinear increase after full recruitment. There was no appearance of saturation. Completion of recruitment of both types of units occurred about halfway in the extension range of the passive muscle. Over most of the excursion range, inflow from the group II population was about one-third greater than that from the Ia units. PMID- 6219891 TI - Fiber type changes in denervated soleus muscles of the hyperthyroid rat. AB - The thyroid status of rats is known to influence the histochemical and biochemical myosin adenosine triphosphatase (M-ATPase) activity of the soleus muscle. In the hypothyroid state, denervated soleus muscles are not subject to that influence. Our experiments indicated that in the hyperthyroid state fibers of the denervated soleus muscle show a profound change from acid-stable M-ATPase positive to acid-stable M-ATPase negative. We concluded that this change was induced by the hyperthyroid state and was not neurally mediated. PMID- 6219892 TI - Toxoplasma gondii: genetic crosses reveal phenotypic suppression of hydroxyurea resistance by fluorodeoxyuridine resistance. AB - Mutants resistant to sinefungin (SF) and hydroxyurea (HU) were isolated from an oocyst-producing strain of Toxoplasma gondii with the aid of mutagenesis with ethylnitrosourea. These mutants were used with previously described mutants resistant to adenine arabinoside (araA) and fluorodeoxyuridine (FUDR) in genetic crosses in cats. In order to interpret the data from crosses in which all four mutants were used to infect the same cat, it was necessary to devise a mathematical expression to predict the recombination frequency for unlinked markers. This frequency was shown in theory to be half of the product of the two parental phenotype frequencies. A series of crosses in which the parental frequencies were systematically varied yielded frequencies of recombination that were in accord with this calculation. The four-way crosses in the same cat showed unlinked recombination between all markers except HU and FUDR. This pair of markers yielded no doubly resistant recombinants, suggesting complete linkage. However, linkage was excluded when a binary cross between the HU- and FUDR resistant mutants resulted in the normal number of doubly sensitive recombinants. The lack of doubly resistant recombinants was shown to be a consequence of phenotypic suppression of HU resistance by FUDR resistance. This suppression was first demonstrated by showing that an FUDR-resistant mutant selected from an HU resistant parasite lost the HU resistance. The phenotypically suppressed HU resistant gene was revealed by genetic crosses with wild type T. gondii. Although both parental stains were sensitive to HU, some of the progeny parasites were resistant. PMID- 6219893 TI - Tissue-specific inhibition of embryonic neural cell proliferation by rat brain extract. PMID- 6219894 TI - EEDQ probably reacts with the Mg2+-ATP catalytic sites of mitochondrial and bacterial F1-ATPases. AB - The carboxyl reagent N-ethoxycarbonyl-2-ethoxy-1,2-dihydroquinoline (EEDQ) inactivated ATPase activities of isolated MF1 and BF1 when assayed in an MgCl2 medium, but not in an EDTA medium. However, another carboxyl reagent, N,N' dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCCD) was found to inhibit MF1 and BF1 when assayed either in the presence of MgCl2 or EDTA. These data suggest that EEDQ interferes with the binding of Mg2+ at catalytic sites of both MF1 and BF1 and that EEDQ on one hand, and DCCD on the other, react with different carboxyl groups on MF1 and BF1. PMID- 6219895 TI - Stoichiometry of the H+-ATPase of Escherichia coli cells during anaerobic growth. AB - The H+/ATP stoichiometry of the H+-ATPase was investigated in Escherichia coli cells growing under anaerobic conditions at pH 6 and 7. The protonmotive force was determined from the intracellular accumulation of benzoate and tetraphenylphosphonium ions, as well as the accumulation of lactose in this lac operon inducible, but beta-galactosidase negative strain. The phosphorylation potential was calculated from the cellular concentrations of ATP, ADP and inorganic phosphate. By comparing the phosphorylation potential and the proton motive force under these steady state conditions, the H+/ATP stoichiometry was determined to be 3, similar to the value previously found in the same cells growing under aerobic conditions. PMID- 6219896 TI - Protein composition of Lp(a) lipoprotein from human plasma. AB - The apolipoprotein composition of purified human Lp(a) lipoprotein was investigated by SDS--polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunochemically. The lipoprotein contains two different polypeptides. One is identical by its app. Mr of approximately 250 000 and immunologically with apolipoprotein B of LDL (B 100). The other polypeptide has a higher app. Mr (approximately 350 000) and stains strongly with the periodate-Schiff's reagent. This high-Mr glycoprotein contains the specific Lp(a) immunoreactivity but does not react with antibodies against apo B. Apo B and Lp(a)-protein seem to be linked by disulfide bonds in the native lipoprotein. The unreduced detergent delipidized protein moiety from Lp(a) lipoprotein shows a single band of Mr approximately 700 000 in SDS- polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and the immunoprecipitates formed against anti Lp(a) and anti-apo B by the unreduced protein show a reaction of immunological identity. PMID- 6219897 TI - An assessment of the role of operative laparoscopy in tuboplasty. AB - Eighty-three patients had tuboplasty by means of operative laparoscopic techniques. The procedures performed included salpingolysis, whereby only peritubal adhesions were lysed; ovariolysis, whereby only periovarian adhesions were lysed; salpingoovariolysis, whereby peritubal and periovarian adhesions were lysed; fimbrioplasty, whereby the partially agglutinated fimbrial end was teased open; and salpingoneostomy, whereby the completely blocked fimbrial ends were opened. Patency rates were, respectively, 100%, 100%, 100%, 64%, and 31%; and pregnancy rates were, respectively, 67%, 72%, 50%, 35%, and 10%. The only complication encountered was minimal bleeding in the patients in whom salpingoneostomy was performed. These results suggest that operative laparoscopy may be the method of choice for tubal operations that involve any of the first three categories, whereas the last two categories should be used in open laparotomy techniques. PMID- 6219898 TI - Peripheral androgen levels in danazol-treated premenopausal women. AB - Eighteen normally menstruating women with endometriosis were treated with 600 mg of danazol daily for 6 months. Blood samples were taken before and after 2, 4, 8, 12, and 16 weeks of treatment and were analyzed for plasma dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S), dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), and testosterone (T) and for serum alanine aminotransferase (ALAT), albumin, creatinine, potassium, and sodium. The basal values of all parameters studied were well within normal reference limits. DHEA-S was significantly increased at 2, 4, and 8 weeks, and DHEA significantly decreased at 8 and 12 weeks of treatment. The ratio between DHEA and DHEA-S was significantly decreased at weeks 4, 8, 12, and 16. T was significantly decreased during the whole period of observation. ALAT was significantly increased at weeks 4, 8, 12, and 16. A slight but significant increase was observed for creatinine and potassium, while no changes were observed for albumin and sodium. Of the two major androgen sources, the adrenal cortex appears to be relatively unaffected; whereas the ovary may be affected to a minor degree. Therefore, it seems likely that the changes observed in DHEA and DHEA-S may be due to minor alterations in renal and hepatic turnover rather than an effect on adrenal steroidogenesis. PMID- 6219899 TI - Mixed lymphocyte reactivity nonresponsiveness in couples with multiple spontaneous abortions. AB - We have endeavored to ascertain the possible existence of deviant recognition of antigens controlled by the major histocompatibility complex by lymphocytes originating in couples with a history of multiple spontaneous abortions of unknown cause. Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) typing, as well as one-way mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC) tests, were performed on 33 couples with multiple spontaneous abortions and subsequently compared to 30 fertile couples with no abortion history. No significant differences in the frequency of HLA were detected between the fertile and infertile groups. The frequencies of shared HLA A and -B antigens among members of the couples were similar in both groups. In 70% of the cases studied, the husbands revealed a depressed cellular response to their respective wives; whereas reactivity to cells from other women proved normal. However, the response of allogeneic controls to these infertile women was normal. This implies that women with multiple abortions are not poor stimulators. The specific one-way decrease in the MLC reactivity appeared to be mediated by female-derived suppressor mechanisms and may be considered as one of the causes of the interrupted development of pregnancy in vivo. PMID- 6219900 TI - [Effect of a parasympathetic innervation disorder on the heart pumping function in its hyperfunction]. PMID- 6219901 TI - Biliary excretion of piperacillin. AB - 1. The excretion of piperacillin sodium in bile was studied after intravenous injection of 2 g (n = 5) and 4 g (n = 7). All patients had undergone cholecystectomy and exploration of the common bile duct for cholelithiasis. Bile, serum and urine concentrations were measured by a microbiological technique. 2. Peak concentrations of piperacillin were found in bile at 150 minutes after 4 g and at 210 minutes after 2 g. 3. Both the concentration of piperacillin in bile at the end of a 6 1/2 hour study and the calculated mean bile concentration of piperacillin were above the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of this drug for organisms commonly found in acute biliary tract infections. We believe piperacillin may be useful in the management of such conditions. PMID- 6219902 TI - Tolerance and efficacy of erythromycin stearate tablets versus enteric-coated erythromycin base capsules in the treatment of patients with acne vulgaris. AB - In a randomized, and for the investigator, blind study side-effects and efficacy of two oral erythromycin preparations have been compared. Twenty patients with acne vulgaris, predominantly of the face, received erythromycin stearate tablets and another twenty patients received erythromycin enteric-coated base capsules. All patients were given 500 mg twice a day for 2 weeks. An improvement was seen in both groups, most pronounced in patients treated with the stearate tablets. Twenty per cent of the patients given the base preparation withdrew from therapy due to gastro-intestinal side-effects, as compared to 10% in the erythromycin stearate group. PMID- 6219903 TI - A double-blind comparison in general practice of a combination tablet containing orphenadrine citrate and paracetamol ('Norgesic') with paracetamol alone. AB - A double-blind trial of a combination tablet containing orphenadrine and paracetamol, 'Norgesic', was carried out to assess the value of this product compared with paracetamol alone. All three symptomatic parameters which were measured: pain, spasm and impaired activity, showed a significantly quicker recovery when the combination product was used. Further studies are necessary to evaluate the combination product against orphenadrine citrate alone. PMID- 6219904 TI - Survival of intrasplenically implanted islets in mice with experimental insulitis and hyperglycemia. AB - Injections of repeated, subdiabetogenic doses of streptozotocin to C57BL/KsJ mice induced a slowly developing hyperglycemia and pancreatic insulitis similar to that observed in human type I diabetes. It was found that the hyperglycemia could be normalized in these animals by the intrasplenic implantation of syngeneic islets. This could be achieved both 9 and 14 days after the first streptozotocin injection. At the first time point there was a severe insulitis in the pancreas of the recipient. When animals that had been cured by an intrasplenic islet implant were given three subdiabetogenic booster-doses of streptozotocin, they reverted to hyperglycemia. This suggests that cell-mediated immune reactions are of etiologic significance in this diabetes model, since mice made diabetic by a single large dose of streptozotocin and subsequently cured by islet transplantation remained unaffected by the booster-dose administration of streptozotocin. To test the hypothesis that the beta-cell destruction induced by streptozotocin is the triggering mechanism for the insulitis process, syngeneic islets were implanted into the spleen after being exposed in vitro to a weak streptozotocin concentration. This treatment led to normoglycemia in only two of seven alloxan-diabetic recipients. Streptozotocin-treated islets implanted into normoglycemic recipients were recovered intact in the spleens, and pancreatic islet morphology was not influenced by this treatment. The present data do not speak against ongoing attempts to cure human diabetics with islet cell transplantation despite the fact that islet lesions that may reflect immunologic mechanisms are encountered in type I diabetes. PMID- 6219905 TI - Reduced sulfation of liver heparan sulfate in experimentally diabetic rats. AB - Analyses by anion exchange chromatography indicate that heparan sulfate proteoglycans isolated from the livers of experimentally diabetic rats have a reduced net negative charge as compared with heparan sulfate proteoglycans from control rats. In contrast, the size of the normal and diabetic proteoglycans are indistinguishable as are the size of individual polysaccharide chains when compared by gel chromatography. The reduced net negative charge of heparin sulfate from diabetic rats is shown to be caused by a reduced number of sulfate groups present in the diabetic heparan sulfate. Results are presented suggesting that one of the biosynthetic enzymes; the N-deacelylase, which tentatively has been identified as a regulatory enzyme affecting the sulfate content of the polysaccharide chains, may be inhibited in the diabetic rat. PMID- 6219906 TI - Evaluating changes in the communication skills of deaf children using vibrotactile stimulation. AB - Results of a 9-mo longitudinal study designed to evaluate the efficacy of a vibrotactile aid, the SRA-10, with four profoundly deaf preschool children are reported. During the study the subjects were enrolled in 30-min triweekly language therapy sessions, and changes in communication skills in connected discourse (vocalization only, sign language only, and vocalization plus sign language) were measured using a computer-based observation system. Changes in structural and semantic aspects of language were also measured. The four subjects were evaluated during one 16-week phase in which the aid was used (aid-on condition) and another 8 weeks in duration in which the aid was not used (aid-off condition). Communication skills improved in the aid-on condition and decreased in the aid-off condition. The changes were found to be significant for the communication involving the vocalization plus sign language (Total Communication) measure, indicating that the vibrotactile stimulation was positively associated with the communicative act. PMID- 6219907 TI - [Left ventricular function in chronic cor pulmonale: description of a clinical case]. PMID- 6219908 TI - Effect of helper T cells on prevention of tolerance induction in effector T cells responsible for syngeneic tumor immunity. AB - The present study investigates the role of helper T cells in preventing tolerance in effector T cells responsible for syngeneic tumor immunity. Tolerance in T cell mediated immune responses against X5563 plasmacytoma was induced in syngeneic C3H/He mice by intravenous (iv) administration of 7,000 R X-irradiated X5563 tumor cells. Since the anti-X5563 tumor tolerance was observed irrespective of whether the tumor cells had been modified with trinitrophenyl (TNP) hapten prior to iv inoculation, the ability of TNP-reactive helper T cells to prevent the tolerance induced by iv inoculation of TNP-X5563 tumor cells was examined. TNP reactive helper T cell activity was generated in C3H/He mice by immunization with TNP-isologous mouse gamma-globulin after inoculation with the TNP-conjugate of a non-immunogenic co-polymer of D-glutamic acid and D-lysine. Intravenous inoculation with TNP-modified X5563 cells induced tolerance in mice not primed with TNP. However, such tolerance was prevented in mice in which TNP-reactive helper T cell activity had been generated. These results indicate that helper T cells play a crucial role in preventing effector T cell tolerance. The mechanisms by which tolerance induction in effector T cells is circumvented are discussed in relation to the generation and delivery of signals required for T cell activation. PMID- 6219909 TI - Selective suppression of host T cell and macrophage activities during 7,12 dimethylbenz[a]anthracene-induced carcinogenesis. AB - The cellular mechanism of immunosuppression induced by 7,12 dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) was studied by using both in vivo and in vitro assay systems. When the effect of DMBA on antibody responses was studied by the use of an adoptive cell transfer system of primed cells with second antigen in X irradiated recipient mice, the development of both hapten-primed B cells and carrier-primed helper T cells induced by thymus dependent hapten-carrier conjugate was found to be markedly suppressed in DMBA-treated mice. When the B cell activity in DMBA-treated mice was directly assessed using thymus-independent hapten-carrier conjugate, anti-hapten antibody response was not suppressed at all. Since the development of hapten-primed B cells to thymus-dependent carrier requires the presence of carrier-primed helper T cells, DMBA treatment seems to affect primarily T cells but not B cells, and the suppression of development of hapten-primed B cells may be a secondary phenomenon induced by the suppressed helper T cell activities. Since the development of helper T cell activities requires antigen presentation by macrophages, it was determined which type of T cells or macrophages was the primary target of DMBA-induced immunosuppression. Antigen-primed T cells from DMBA-treated mice did not proliferate as well on stimulation with secondary antigen in vitro. Furthermore, antigen-pulsed macrophages from DMBA-treated mice did not fully activate T cells from normal mice. Thus, the primary target of DMBA-induced immunosuppression was considered to be on antigen-presenting macrophages rather than on T cells. PMID- 6219910 TI - The restoration of suppressed T cell activities induced by 7,12 dimethylbenz[a]anthracene with an anti-tumor immunomodulator, BCG-cell wall skeleton. AB - The restoring effect of Bacille de Calmette et Guerin (BCG)-cell wall skeleton (CWS) on the suppressed T cell reactivities in mice treated with 7,12 dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) was studied using a system involving the induction of hapten-reactive cytotoxic T cells and mixed lymphocyte reaction in vitro. When the mice were treated with DMBA, the reactivity of lymphoid cells to generate cytotoxic T cells and proliferative T cell responses against allogeneic spleen cells was markedly suppressed. When BCG-CWS was administered to mice by intravenous injection before and after the treatment with DMBA, these depressed T cell functions reverted completely to the normal level. However, the restoration of the immune functions by BCG-CWS varied depending on the strain of mice. Namely, the reactivity of C57BL/6 mice was restored by BCG-CWS, whereas that of C3H/He mice was not. This strain difference correlates very well with the strain difference in effectiveness of the prevention of the DMBA-induced tumorigenesis by BCG-CWS. The possible relation between the restoration of T cell reactivities by BCG-CWS and prevention of tumorigenesis by BCG-CWS is discussed in the context of the role of host immune surveillance in the regulation of tumor development. PMID- 6219911 TI - [Penetration of mezlocillin and oxacillin into the glandular and adipose tissue of the breast after simultaneous intravenous infusion. A pharmacokinetic study]. AB - The concentrations of mezlocillin and oxacillin were measured after simultaneous intravenous infusion of 4 and 2 g respectively in serum, fat and mammary gland tissue of 35 patients. The maximum mean concentrations of mezlocillin were measured in serum with 281 micrograms/ml and in fat with 38 micrograms/g after the end of the infusion and in the mammary gland with 52.3 micrograms/g after 90 minutes. Mezlocillin concentrations of less than or equal to 2.0 micrograms/ml and g respectively were found after 6-8 hours after the end of the infusion. The maximum mean concentrations of oxacillin were measured in the serum with 107.8 micrograms/ml also after the end of the infusion, declining to levels less than or equal to 2.0 micrograms/ml within 6 hours. Measurable oxacillin-concentrations could not be found in the fat and in the tissue of mammary gland with the chosen dose. The clinical relevance of the results is discussed. PMID- 6219912 TI - [Single-dose mezlocillin prophylaxis and postoperative morbidity after vaginal hysterectomy: pharmacokinetic and clinical results]. AB - In this prospective, randomized study we evaluated the prophylactic administration of 5 g Meclocillin in a single dose. 100 patients undergoing vaginal hysterectomies were observed. Clinical parameters as well as Meclocillin concentrations in serum and myometrium were compared. We found a sufficient Meclocillin concentration in serum and myometrium 30 minutes after intravenous administration. In the control group (n = 50) 8 patients had a febrile postoperative course whereas there was 1 patient only in the treated group. A more detailed analysis regarding predisposing risk factors, urinary tract infections and pathogens of the vaginal wound secretions is presented. The single dose administration had no significant effect on the incidence of postoperative urinary tract infections. The preliminary result of our study reveals the single dose treatment to be a remarkable alternative to the three-dose-perioperative regimen. Regarding the general question of prophylactic antibiotic treatment at time of vaginal hysterectomy especially individual factors as well as preoperative risk factors have to be taken into account. PMID- 6219913 TI - [Incidence of the occurrence of genetic markers of the HLA system in hematological patients of Armenian nationality]. PMID- 6219914 TI - [Motives for blood donation without compensation]. PMID- 6219915 TI - [Congenital developmental defects in the genetic monitoring system. I. The selection of developmental defects subject to dynamic observation]. AB - The requirements for selection of congenital malformations in the system of genetic monitoring as models have been studied. Model malformations have been shown to be easily and reliably diagnosed even in infancy. Their rate should be not less than 1:5000 births. The precise knowledge of the genetics of model forms is needed as well. Down's syndrome registration is the most convenient method for evaluation of mutations in a genome. We recommend registration in total all multiple congenital malformations (without Down's syndrome) for estimation of dominant mutability dynamics, as it was shown that more than 11% of all multiple malformations are caused by sporadic dominant mutations. PMID- 6219916 TI - [Reactivation of ultraviolet-irradiated phage lambda and recombination in Escherichia coli K-12 cells containing plasmid ColIb-P9]. AB - It was shown that the presence of colicinogenis plasmid ColIb-P9 increased the survival of UV-irradiated bacteriophage lambda cI857 in non-irradiated cells of Escherichia coli K-12. The effect of this plasmid was retained in the polA and recB mutants, being sharply reduced in the uvrA and recB recC sbcB recF mutants. This effect strongly depended on recA+ and lexA+ genotype. The W-reactivation efficiency was slightly higher in the cells containing ColIb-P9 than in those lacking the plasmid. No significant effect of the plasmid on recombination during transduction, after conjugation under usual conditions and in the case when a conjugation mixture or recipient cells were irradiated, was observed. The data demonstrate that the effect of ColIb-P9 plasmid on DNA repair is not mediated by its influence on recombination. PMID- 6219917 TI - [Role of genetic factors in the occurrence of umbilical hernias in cattle. II. Heredity and the incidence of umbilical hernia in various crossing variants]. AB - To determine ethyology of Hernia umbilicalis in black-spotted cattle stock, a check crossing was carried out. The incidence of anomalia in the bull progeny of Zakaznik 82 (black-spotted breed) was 44%, this value being 107 in the progeny of Block 107 (holsteinfrisish breed) and 0% in the progeny of Vyaz 338 (holmogorsky breed). The data obtained indicate that Hernia umbilicalis is a hereditary anomaly in cattle. PMID- 6219918 TI - Sequence changes in coliphage lambda mutants affecting the nutL antitermination site and termination by tL1 and tL2. AB - The 17-bp sequence designated nutL is required for the N-mediated antitermination of transcription in the major leftward operon of coliphage lambda. The single stranded sequence can be folded into a hairpin structure. Ten independently isolated spontaneous lambda nutL- mutants have changes that affect the same nucleotide, located in the loop of the hairpin structure, changing the guanine to adenine, thymine or cytosine. Another mutant (lambda nutL3), selected by a different means, has a deletion of one GC base pair and thus eliminates one C in the stem of the hairpin structure, destabilizing it -11.2 to -2.2 kcal/mol. True reversions of the nutL point mutations restore the guanine. The second-site revertant lambda ninL99 was found to have a deletion of 417 bp between the tL1 terminator and the N gene, removing bases +523 to +939 (counted from SL = +1). This deletion include codons for the six carboxy-terminal amino acids of gene N product, but the fusion allows continuation of translation for 53 additional amino acid residues beyond the truncated N gene before reaching a nonsense codon. The fused N product is active. PMID- 6219919 TI - HLA cosmid clones show complete, widely spaced human class I genes with occasional clusters. AB - To understand the organization of the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) gene region and its relationship to the transplantation antigens expressed at the cell surface we have isolated clones containing HLA class I genes from a cosmid library (Grosveld et al., Gene 13, 227, 1981) constructed with the DNA from an individual of defined haplotype. Most of the cosmids contain a single HLA gene in 30-40 kb of human DNA, indicating that human class I genes are rather widely spaced; two contain two genes and one contains three. Most of these genes appear to be complete; the double or multiple genes are found in the same orientation. Differences in restriction maps are evident but some common features are observed in particular in the 5' half of these genes. PMID- 6219920 TI - Defective self-recognition in subjects of far-advanced age. AB - The immunocompetence of 22 subjects aged 85-104 years (mean 90 +/- 1 years) was studied and compared to 21 young subjects aged 19-37 years (mean 30 +/- 1 years). The absolute lymphocyte number and the percentage of T and B lymphocytes in the peripheral blood was similar in the two groups. A marked decrease in phytohemagglutinin response of T-enriched lymphocytes from old subjects was observed. Autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) was also profoundly reduced in old subjects. No difference between male and female subjects was observed. The responsiveness of enriched T lymphocytes to allogeneic irradiated non-T cells was only slightly impaired in the old individuals. Non-T cells from old and young subjects functioned equally well as stimulatory cells in allogeneic MLR. The data suggest that an alteration of T lymphocytes with regulatory function and of self recognition is present in aged humans. PMID- 6219921 TI - The frail elderly: research dilemmas and research opportunities. PMID- 6219922 TI - Elders' use of informal long-term care assistance. PMID- 6219923 TI - Help with activities of everyday life: sources of support for the noninstitutionalized elderly. PMID- 6219924 TI - Integrated care for the terminally ill: variations in the utilization of formal services. PMID- 6219926 TI - [Antefixation of the uterus using laparoscopy]. PMID- 6219927 TI - [Modification of fertility of the male by antiandrogens]. PMID- 6219928 TI - [Clinical use of antiandrogens in psychiatry]. PMID- 6219925 TI - Faecal free fatty acids in tropical sprue and their possible role in the production of diarrhoea by inhibition of ATPases. AB - Faecal excretion of fatty acids is increased in patients with tropical sprue because of unabsorbed dietary fatty acids. The excretion of fatty acids correlates well with faecal wet weight. In vitro unsaturated fatty acids inhibited Na K-ATPase and Mg-ATPase isolated from basolateral membranes of enterocytes and colonocytes. These findings are a possible explanation for the observed abnormalities in water and electrolyte absorption by the colon in patients with tropical sprue and steatorrhoea. PMID- 6219929 TI - [Clinical use of cyproterone acetate in children]. PMID- 6219930 TI - [Effects of antitussive drugs on the central respiratory mechanisms during the cough reflex]. AB - Effects of antitussive drugs on the phrenic nerve activities during the cough reflex were investigated by means of a power spectrum analysis as a quantitative evaluation of each of the frequency band components of the phrenic nerve activities in anesthetized dogs. The efferent activities of the phrenic nerve were recorded from the central cut end of the phrenic nerve. Each fraction of the phrenic nerve activity was fractionated into bands spanning a range of 100 Hz each by a variable filter and analyzed using a program for the power spectrum analysis. The increase in power of each of the frequency band components was observed during the cough reflex induced by mechanical stimulation of the tracheal mucosa. Particularly, the power of the 2 approximately 100 Hz band components increased significantly as compared with the other frequency band components. An i.v. administration of codeine (3 mg/kg) significantly inhibited the increase in power of all frequency band components during the cough reflex. After administration of dextromethorphan (10 mg/kg, i.v.) or fominoben (8 mg/kg, i.v.), the increase in power of the 2 approximately 100 Hz band components of the phrenic nerve activity during the cough reflex was decreased significantly for 5 approximately 10 min; however, the other frequency band components were not affected. These results provide some evidence for a difference between these three antitussive drugs with respect to the mechanisms of action in the process of the central integration for the cough reflex. PMID- 6219932 TI - Subcutaneous leiomyosarcoma with lymphomatous elements: histogenetic implications of an unusual sarcoma. AB - A 49-year-old woman had an unusual sarcoma that recurred three times in four years. The tumor manifested initially as a subcutaneous abdominal wall nodule composed of lymphohistiocytic malignant lymphoma and spindle cell sarcoma with epithelioid and clear cell elements. The neoplasm recurred first as a spindle cell sarcoma in the lumbar area, second as a malignant lymphoma in the subcutaneous tissue of the right shoulder, and third as a spindle cell sarcoma with lymphohistiocytic areas in the abdominal wall. Ultrastructural studies of this last tumor nodule demonstrated the unequivocal smooth muscle features of the spindle cells. Histogenetic implications of this neoplasm are discussed. It is proposed that the tumor represents an unusual variant of malignant mesenchymoma of soft tissues. PMID- 6219931 TI - The graft-versus-host reaction. PMID- 6219933 TI - Immunoglobulins in cerebrospinal fluid in multiple sclerosis. PMID- 6219934 TI - Diagnostic immunopathology of the kidney biopsy in rheumatic diseases. AB - Nephropathies found in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), progressive systemic sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, Sjogren's syndrome, and mixed connective tissue disease are discussed. Pathogenetic insights derived from the study of kidney tissue are highlighted and clinicopathologic correlations indicated. The question of whether to perform kidney biopsy in lupus patients is also addressed. PMID- 6219935 TI - Skeletal muscle immunopathology. AB - The inflammatory myopathies are a heterogeneous group of diseases currently categorized by clinical findings, laboratory data, and routine histopathologic features. In the ten years since the direct immunofluorescent (DIF) findings in idiopathic inflammatory myopathy were described, there have been a variety of series reporting DIF findings in various rheumatic and non-rheumatic diseases. This paper reviews this experience and attempts to relate the observations to immunologic mechanisms applicable to skeletal muscle. The potential contributions of direct immunohistochemical methodologies have yet to be realized, because 1) there is a paucity of data actually correlating these findings to clinicopathologic data in patients and experimental models and 2) these techniques have been limited to probing for the humoral response. The future expanded use of this technique should include histochemically tagged antisera to T-lymphocyte antigens, macrophages, biologic modifiers, and suspected etiologic agents. PMID- 6219936 TI - Cryoglobulinemia. AB - A large number of disease states are characterized by cryoglobulinemia. Quantification and immunochemical classification of cryoglobulins in serum provide information of diagnostic and pathophysiologic utility. Thus, type I cryoglobulins consist of a monoclonal immunoglobulin of a single class and are associated with lymphoproliferative disorders, such as multiple myeloma. Type II (mixed) cryoglobulins contain monoclonal IgM or rheumatoid factor and polyclonal IgG, and occur in patients with Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia or chronic active hepatitis, for example. In type III cryoglobulins, both the IgM and rheumatoid factor and the IgG components are polyclonal. A large number of autoimmune or infectious diseases exhibit type III cryoglobulinemia. In certain well-studied situations, type II and type III cryoglobulins have been shown to contain antigen antibody complexes directly involved in tissue injury in vivo, e.g., DNA and anti DNA in systemic lupus erythematosus. PMID- 6219937 TI - Trisomy 21: origin of non-disjunction. AB - The Q-band heteromorphisms of chromosome 21 were used in a sample of 48 families with a Down's syndrome child to evaluate the origin of non-disjunction. The parental origin and the meiotic error were determined in 27 families, and in eight families only partial information was obtained. Paternal and maternal origin of non-disjunction was in a 1:3 ratio. Failures were five times more frequent in first than in second meiotic division in both sexes. The mean parental age and environmental factors in relation to the origin of the anomaly are discussed. Our results are compared with those obtained previously in similar studies by other authors. PMID- 6219938 TI - Mirror image duplications of chromosome 21. Three new cases and discussion of the mechanisms of origin. PMID- 6219939 TI - Some genetic implications of isoelectric focusing of human red cell phosphoglucomutase (PGM1) and serum protein group specific component (Gc): genetic diversity in the populations of Himachal Pradesh, India. AB - For the study of group specific component (Gc) and phosphoglucomutase (PGM1) polymorphism, isoelectric focusing was performed on eleven tribal and non-tribal populations of Himachal Pradesh, India. They were chosen to illustrate interregional and intraregional variations. The subtype frequencies of these two systems showed clear differences in the genetic constitution of these populations of Himachal at both levels. There is a large increase in the mean heterozygosity (H) for each system by isoelectric focusing over that shown by electrophoresis. Discriminant and distance analyses both suggest that the subtype frequencies provide greater potential for the study of genetic diversity among populations. The data on these additional alleles found by isoelectric focusing are examined for some of their genetic and anthropological implications. PMID- 6219940 TI - Cytogenetic anomalies in a child born to a mother receiving busulfan for chronic myeloid leukaemia. PMID- 6219941 TI - Genetic control of allogeneic interactions in the guinea-pig. V. Evidence for a dissociation between genes coding for A GPLA-B region-controlled determinant and genes coding for MLC suppressor cells. AB - The genetic basis of guinea-pig leucocyte antigen (GPLA)-B.2-associated unresponsiveness in the guinea-pig mixed leucocyte culture (MLC) was investigated using fibroblasts as stimulating cells. Guinea-pig foetal fibroblasts bearing the B.2 specificity can stimulate allogeneic but not syngeneic lymph node lymphocytes, whereas B.2-bearing peritoneal exudate cells (PEC) induce specific unresponsiveness. The inhibition of the mixed leucocyte-fibroblast reaction is seen only when the alloantisera are directed against the stimulatory fibroblast rather than the responding lymph node lymphocytes. Furthermore, B.2-bearing fibroblasts, in contrast to B.2-bearing PEC, fail to elaborate MLC-suppressor factor. It appears therefore, that in guinea-pig fibroblasts there is an apparent dissociation between major histocompatibility complex (MHC; in the region of the B locus) genes and the gene(s) coding for B.2-associated MLC suppressor cells and factor(s). PMID- 6219942 TI - The role of Blue Cross and Blue Shield in the future U.S. health care system. AB - In a recent speech to Blue Cross and Blue Shield executives and trustees, the author noted that despite the historic success of Blue Cross and Blue Shield Plans, the future contains challenges arising from an aging population, scarce national resources, and evolving technology. To continue to grow and to meet its customers' needs, he urged Blue Cross and Blue Shield to expand its efforts in several directions: emphasize control of services and costs for the customer; restructure the concept of provider participation; and positively reward providers who exceed minimum standards. He advocated joint ventures between Blue Cross and Blue Shield and nonprofit providers, especially in the area of aged care. PMID- 6219943 TI - Prospective reimbursement and the hospital power equilibrium: a matrix-based management control system. AB - Prospective rate-setting programs have not yet made significant inroads in containing hospital cost inflation. Because these programs are essentially hospital management control systems, they must be conceptually grounded in general management control theory if they are to succeed. Specifically, a rate setting agency must: 1) perceive itself as "top management" of the hospitals being controlled, 2) incorporate hospital physicians into a matrix-based control structure that assigns physicians financial as well as clinical responsibilities, and 3) develop hospital budgeting and reporting systems that disaggregate costs according to their controlling forces, thereby permitting the alignment of responsibility with controllability. PMID- 6219944 TI - Predicting hospital market shares. AB - Distance, hospital characteristics, physician availability, and collateral opportunities for trade and entertainment all affect hospitals' market shares. The model presented here differs from most previous health facility research in that it is a multiattribute model that can be estimated by an efficient least squares technique that appropriately assures probability estimates confined to the zero-one interval. The model focuses on intercity hospital trade for a predominantly rural area, in contrast to previous intraurban studies. Special problems posed by physician influence and hospital case mix are discussed, and topics for further research are suggested. PMID- 6219945 TI - Factors influencing physician assignment decisions under Medicare. AB - The factors that influence physician assignment decisions under Medicare are of major importance to Medicare patients, physicians, and the federal government. This study used a unique data base gathered in Colorado during 1979 to examine these factors. The data base coupled information from Medicare claims with detailed survey information on beneficiaries who received the services. Multiple regression analysis was applied to a sample of approximately 6,500 services. It showed that a variety of physician, beneficiary, and service characteristics are statistically significant determinants of whether a Medicare service is provided on assignment. PMID- 6219946 TI - Which will survive? The $150 billion capital question. AB - There are many misconceptions and commonly held "truisms" that cloud our understanding of hospital capital formation. In this attempt to clarify the issues related to hospital capital formation, three arguments are developed: 1) There are significant and frequently overlooked operating costs associated with capital investment projects, which can contribute significantly to hospital cost inflation. 2) The demand for hospital replacement, renovation and modernization is real but overstated. 3) Many hospitals will be unable to gain access to the capital market because of the populations they serve and their locations. It is argued that a coherent, targeted private and public sector policy on hospital capital formation is needed that addresses these points. PMID- 6219947 TI - High users of VA emergency room facilities: are outpatients abusing the system or is the system abusing them? AB - A phenomenon well known to emergency room personnel is the high use of ER facilities by a small number of patients. In this study of 335 patients followed in outpatient specialty clinics at a university-affiliated VA medical center, 23% of the patients accounted for 73% of the ER visits. Although some patients may be abusing the system, the problem is difficult to correct because of congressional legislation that deters the VA from providing primary care. Thus, a small subset of patients with chronic medical problems who live close to the hospital are likely to continue to consume a disproportionate amount of ER resources. PMID- 6219948 TI - Pluralist social constraints on the development of a health care system: the case of Israel. AB - The effectiveness of Israel's health care system is hindered by pluralism, in terms both of its many separate health service institutions and of the particularism of those institutions. Although the health care system provides modern health care to a widely insured population, it does so inefficiently and at unnecessary expense. The lack of vertical and horizontal integration of the health care system has led to problems of fragmentation, duplication, and lack of coordination of services. Because of its limited resources, Israel must work to surmount this pluralism and achieve integrated planning if it is to succeed in providing the efficient and cost-effective care its population needs. PMID- 6219949 TI - Pharmaceutical reimbursement and drug cost control: the MAC experience in Maryland. AB - The Maximum Allowable Cost (MAC) program was mandated by the federal government in 1976 in an effort to curb drug expenditures under Medicare and Medicaid by limiting reimbursements for prescription products dispensed to program beneficiaries. MAC performance is usually evaluated in terms of state compliance with federal guidelines. The present study broadens this approach to include other sources of variation in program effectiveness across states. In the case of Maryland, the MAC program offers encouraging signs of at least limited success in curbing Medicaid drug expenditures. The results of the study show a significant, but short-lived, decline in spending levels, suggesting the possibility of program-induced increases in wholesale prices or dispensing fees over time. PMID- 6219950 TI - The effect of clinical education programs on hospital production. AB - Because of rising hospital costs and the reluctance of third-party payers to reimburse for clinical training, major questions have been raised about the costs and benefits of these programs. The effect of student programs on production has, nonetheless, been largely neglected, in part because of the difficulty of measuring the effectiveness of these programs. To address this deficiency, multiple regression analysis was used to determine the impact of physical therapy, occupational therapy, and radiologic technology students on production in a large hospital in a metropolitan area. The impact of students on departmental output in all three areas was found to be positive. PMID- 6219951 TI - Suppression of in vitro lymphocyte DNA synthesis by killed Pseudomonas aeruginosa. AB - Whole antibiotic-killed classic Pseudomonas aeruginosa organisms elicited human lymphocyte [3H]thymidine (TdR) uptake in vitro after 5 days in culture. However, high concentrations of the same preparation did not elicit [3H]TdR incorporation. The investigation of this lymphocyte unresponsiveness revealed that a high dose of P. aeruginosa, when added to lymphocyte cultures together with optimal concentrations of lymphocyte activators (e.g., plant lectins or whole killed Staphylococcus aureus Cowan 1), caused a potent, nonspecifically expressed inhibition of lymphocyte [3H]TdR uptake in response to these mitogens. High doses of P. aeruginosa were not cytotoxic to lymphocytes, and the inhibition caused was reversed when lymphocytes were washed free of bacteria. The inhibition of [3H]TdR uptake by high-dose P. aeruginosa did not require the generation of adherent suppressor cells or prostaglandin-mediated, steroid-sensitive or radiation sensitive suppressor mechanisms. At optimal lymphocyte stimulatory concentrations of P. aeruginosa, the addition of indomethacin or the depletion of adherent cells caused an increase in lymphocyte [3H]TdR incorporation. This is consistent with an adherent-cell population regulating [3H]TdR uptake in response to P. aeruginosa via a prostaglandin-dependent pathway. This population was not involved in the inhibition of lymphocyte [3H]TdR uptake by high concentrations of P. aeruginosa. PMID- 6219952 TI - Analysis of cell wall and membrane contamination of ribosomal preparations from Streptococcus mutans. AB - A ribosomal preparation from a cariogenic strain of Streptococcus mutans was examined for cell wall and membrane contamination. A biochemical characterization established that the preparation contained 61.0% RNA and 39.0% protein. Carbohydrate was not detected by phenol-sulfuric acid or methyl pentose assays. Glucosyltransferase and D-succinate dehydrogenase, which are cell wall- and membrane-associated enzymes, respectively, were not found. However, D-lactate dehydrogenase, another membrane-associated enzyme, was present in the preparation. A comparison of two-dimensional gel electropherograms of a mixture of cell walls and membranes and the S. mutans ribosomal preparation revealed contamination of the latter sample with at least six cell wall- or membrane associated proteins. Adsorption of a rabbit antiserum raised against the ribosomal preparation with whole S. mutans cells abrogated antibodies directed against at least two proteins from the ribosomal preparation. Immunodiffusion plates showed reactivity of this antiserum against preparations of purified lipoteichoic acid from Streptococcus pyogenes and S. mutans. Adsorption of rat and rabbit antisera against the ribosomal preparation with the cell wall-derived materials glucosyltransferase, lipoteichoic acid, glucan, and a Rantz-Randall extract reduced the concentration of antibodies against the ribosomes by as much as 10-fold. These data indicated that the preparation was contaminated with at least six cell wall proteins, one cell membrane-associated enzyme, and lipoteichoic acid. PMID- 6219953 TI - Isolation and characterization of a bacteriophage factor that confers competence for genetic transformation to an exfoliative toxin-producing strain of Staphylococcus aureus. AB - Competence for genetic transformation in an exfoliative toxin-producing strain of Staphylococcus aureus was shown to be dependent on a virion factor that was isolated from a crude bacteriophage 80 alpha lysate. This competence-conferring factor was completely separated from infectious virus particles after either centrifugation through a neutral sucrose velocity gradient or fractionation on a Sepharose 2B gel. Since the competence-conferring factor tends to aggregate, optimal separation was obtained after treatment of the phage factor with the detergent Nonidet P-40. The competence-conferring factor had a molecular weight between 3 X 10(6) and 20 X 10(6) and an approximate sedimentation coefficient of 252. The factor was neutralized after interaction with antiserum prepared against isolated infectious 80 alpha virions. Electron microscopy of transforming cells that were exposed to isolated competence-conferring factor revealed a significant number of abnormally long and aggregated phage tail-like structures attached to the surface of recipient cells. This phenomenon was only observed in the presence of donor DNA, indicating that a phage tail-DNA-surface receptor complex might be one of the early steps in DNA-mediated transformation of S. aureus. PMID- 6219954 TI - Suppression of unprimed T and B cells in antibody responses by irradiation resistant and plastic-adherent suppressor cells in Toxoplasma gondii-infected mice. AB - In the acute phase of Toxoplasma infection, the function of both helper T and B cells was suppressed in primary antibody responses to dinitrophenol (DNP) conjugated protein antigens. During the course of infection, the suppressive effect on T cells seems to continue longer than that on B cells, since suppression in responses to sheep erythrocytes, a T-dependent antigen, persisted longer than those to DNP-Ficoll, a T-independent antigen. Plastic-adherent cells from the spleens of Toxoplasma-infected and X-irradiated (400 rads) mice had strong suppressor activity in primary anti-sheep erythrocyte antibody responses of normal mouse spleen cells in vitro. These data suggest that the activation of irradiation-resistant and plastic-adherent suppressor cells causes the suppression of both T and B cells in Toxoplasma-infected mice. PMID- 6219955 TI - ADP-like platelet aggregation activity generated by viridans streptococci incubated with exogenous ATP. AB - To explore the possibility that Streptococcus sanguis aggregation of platelet rich plasma (PRP) might be mediated by soluble agents, we tested cell-free S. sanguis supernatant for aggregation activity. The supernatant of untreated S. sanguis was without measurable PRP aggregation activity. In contrast, the cell free supernatant of ATP-incubated S. sanguis produced an immediate wave of PRP aggregation. The supernatant with PRP aggregating activity contained insufficient protease to produce a response. The response increased with the time of incubation with ATP. Active supernatant was desalted and chromatographed on nucleotide-calibrated columns of Dowex 1-X8. An active ADP function was identified. The activity was insensitive to dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, but was sensitive to both Ca2+ and Ca2+-Mg2+ chelating agents, cold (4 degrees C), heat (80 degrees C), pH (optimum between pH 7 and 8), apyrase, and sodium molybdate. In addition, preincubation of PRP with adenosine inhibited activity. Strains of viridans streptococci were screened for activity. Aggregation-promoting strains showed two times more activity than did other strains. Although it was not vigorously excluded that the ADP was discharged from the microbes, the existence of an exogenous ATPase on S. sanguis was strongly suggested. The expression of the activity was associated with the lag time to onset of PRP aggregation with intact S. sanguis. This activity could, therefore, be a synergistic promoter of PRP aggregation and an additional virulence factor in endocarditis. PMID- 6219956 TI - Differential activation of resident macrophage subsets with two sources of lymphokine preparations. AB - Resident murine macrophages were separated into subsets by Percoll density gradient centrifugation before treatment with lipopolysaccharide-stimulated lymphocytes or different lymphokine preparations. The lymphokines used were culture supernatants from lymphocytes obtained from lipopolysaccharide-injected mice or from purified protein derivative-treated lymphocytes from mice bearing an active BCG infection. The macrophage subsets were activated by the stimulated lymphocytes or lymphokine preparations to express C3b receptor-mediated ingestion or to inhibit the intracellular replication of Toxoplasma gondii or both. The results showed that the macrophage subsets were heterogeneous with respect to ingestion and T. gondii inhibition when activated with lipopolysaccharide stimulated lymphocytes or lipopolysaccharide-derived lymphokines but were all homogeneous when activated with lymphokines from purified protein derivative stimulated lymphocytes. When the macrophage subsets were allowed to remain in vitro for various times before lymphokine treatment, the relative pattern of subset activation changed when treated with lipopolysaccharide-derived lymphokines. In contrast, the macrophage subsets remained equally activated throughout the in vitro period when treated with the lymphokines from purified protein derivative-stimulated lymphocytes. The results suggested that functional macrophage heterogeneity depends not only on the nature of the activating signal but also on a state of receptivity of that signal by the macrophage population. PMID- 6219957 TI - Enhancement of respiratory syncytial virus-induced cytopathology by trypsin, thrombin, and plasmin. AB - A series of proteases of diverse substrate specificity were tested for their effect on respiratory syncytial virus-induced cytopathology. Three of the enzymes, thrombin, plasmin, and trypsin, were able to augment significantly the fusion of virus-infected A549 cells. On a concentration basis, thrombin was the most active promoter, followed by plasmin and then trypsin. Hirudin, a specific thrombin inhibitor, blocked the fusion-enhancing property of thrombin, yet had no influence on the basal rate of fusion in the absence of the enzyme. By contrast, the amidine-type inhibitors of trypsin-like proteases, bis(5-amidino-2 benzimidazolyl)-methane (BABIM), blocked not only the thrombin effect, but also the fusion in the thrombin-free controls. The suppressive activity of BABIM was observed at concentrations so low as to exclude any direct inhibitory effect on thrombin itself. These results make it seem very likely that thrombin advances cell fusion by activating a BABIM-sensitive protease. Plasmin and trypsin can be expected to act in a similar manner. PMID- 6219958 TI - A simple solid phase radioimmunoassay specific for human C3b to detect C3b receptors on human lymphoblastoid cell surfaces. AB - Our aim was to detect C3b receptors on human lymphoblastoid cells using a solid phase radioimmunoassay (RIA) specific for human C3b. RIA was performed by coupling rabbit antihuman C3b to acrylamide beads to make immunobeads. The specificity and sensitivity of binding of 125I-C3b to immunobeads allowed the detection of as little as 6 X 10(-10) M unlabeled human C3b. The cells were incubated with a C3b concentration (10(-9) M) giving 25% inhibition in the RIA. The concentration of unbound C3b was then measured in the cell supernatants using RIA. Results showed that: (a) loss of C3b antigen in the cell supernatant was not due to degradation of C3b molecules, (b) C3b binding could be detected at 37 degrees C on the four B cell lines, but not on the two T cell lines or on the two non T-non B cell lines tested, (c) C3b bound on the B lymphoblastoid cells was not cleaved, neither into iC3b nor C3c and C3d fragments, supporting the presence of C3b receptors on the cells tested. This method allows screening of a variety of C3b receptor-positive cells. PMID- 6219959 TI - Cerebrospinal fluid granulocytes in bacterial meningitis have E receptors. AB - Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) granulocytes from 4 patients with bacterial meningitis were tested for rosette formation with sheep erythrocytes (E), a standard assay for T lymphocytes. CSF granulocytes from all patients formed E rosettes, although to a varying degree (66, 63, 17 and 2%, respectively). E rosettes could not be demonstrated with granulocytes from peripheral blood from the patient with 66% E rosette-forming granulocytes in the CSF. PMID- 6219960 TI - Comparative studies on tree-pollen allergens. V. Immunochemical mapping of the antigens and allergens of birch pollen extract (Betula verrucosa). AB - A comparative electrophoretic and autoradiographic analysis of the different fractions of birch pollen crude extract was performed. This extract included a minimum of 17 reproducible and distinct antigens located in the gel filtration fractions BV2-BV4. Only one of these precipitates had the ability to bind IgE, as demonstrated by immunoelectrophoretic and autoradiographic techniques using several poly- and monospecific rabbit antibodies. The allergenicity of the different fractions was examined in vitro by RAST and RAST inhibition, and in vivo by passive cutaneous transfer and skin prick tests. The data suggested that Betula verrucosa pollen extract contains a group of isoallergens with related antigenicity but with variable molecular sizes. The findings have also confirmed the presence of identical antigenic properties of the previously isolated pI 5.18 and BV45 as deduced from their immunoelectrophoretic and autoradiographic studies. PMID- 6219961 TI - Intrapleural administration of OK432 in cancer patients: activation of NK cells and reduction of suppressor cells. AB - Twelve patients with carcinomatous pleural effusions were treated with single intrapleural (i.pl.) administration of OK432 on day 0 and the effects of i.pl. OK432 on natural killer (NK) cell activity were followed on day 7. Two patients showed no clinical evidence of therapeutic benefit from i.pl. OK432. In the other 10 patients, pleural effusions and/or tumor cells in the effusions had decreased or disappeared by day 7. NK cell activity was markedly low or absent in pleural effusions of untreated patients due to the presence of adherent effusion cells capable of suppressing the maintenance and interferon-induced augmentation of NK cell activity. I.pl. injection of OK432 resulted in enhancement of NK cell activity and abrogation of NK suppressor cell activity in the effusions. On the other hand, blood NK cell activity was not consistently altered by i.pl. OK432. In vitro treatment of effusion mononuclear cells from untreated patients with OK432, but not with interferon, augmented NK cell activity. In addition, adherent effusion cells of untreated patients lost their NK suppressor function following in vitro OK432 treatment. These results suggest that i.pl. administration of OK432 will result in augmentation of NK cell activity and reduction of NK suppressor cell activity in pleural effusions, which could be responsible for the antitumor activity of i.pl. OK432. PMID- 6219962 TI - Modulation of natural killer (nk) cell activity during FLV-P virus infection of mice. AB - We analyzed the effects of a polycythemic substrain of Friend leukemia virus, i.e. the FLV-P virus, on splenic NK activity of DBA/2 susceptible mice. One day after virus injection a significant increase of NK activity was found, which persisted until day 10. On the other hand, 14-21 days after virus injection a marked and significant depression of activity was measured. This depression was associated with the appearance of suppressor cells able to inhibit the lytic activity of untreated splenocytes when mixed in vitro in the 4 h 51Cr-release assay. The suppressor cell population was insensitive to treatment with anti-Thy 1.2 plus complement, was adherent to Sephadex G-10 and nylon, but did not adhere to plastic, suggesting it is neither a T-cell nor a typical macrophage. The possible relevance of NK activity modulation in relation to the induction of leukemia is discussed. PMID- 6219963 TI - Human normal CTL clones: generation and properties. AB - This study reports the production of clones of human killer T cells grown in the presence of TCGF4 following sensitization in MLC against (1) allogeneic cells, (2) autologous Bebv+ lymphocytes, or (3) autologous lymphoma cells. Sensitization against the tumor cells required the addition of macrophages. The expression of the cytotoxic activity of the cloned T lymphocytes required re-stimulation with the specific stimulator cells. The cytotoxic activity seemed to be MHC restricted, since (1) cloned allosensitized CTL lysed their corresponding allogeneic targets, but did not lyse autologous Bebv+ cell or K562 cells; (2) cloned CTL sensitized against autologous Bebv+ cells lysed their autologous targets but not allogeneic Bebv+ targets or K562 cells; and (3) cloned CTL sensitized against autologous Burkitt lymphoma cells lysed their corresponding lymphoma targets or autologous Bebv+ targets but did not lyse allogeneic lymphoma cells or Bebv+ cells from the same allogeneic lymphoma cells or Bebv+ cells from the same allogeneic donors. The cloned CTL were homogeneous in expressing the OK T8 molecules and in being negative for T4, T10 or M1. At any given time, 25-45% of the cloned cells manifested lytic activity. The ultrastructural properties and cell surface OK T markers were different from those of cloned human NK cells. Emphasis is focused on the differences between the structural, functional and culture characteristics of CTL clones produced by direct isolation of MLC responder cells forming conjugates with specific target cells and those of clones from transformed T-cell lines or from T hybridomas. PMID- 6219964 TI - Clindamycin phosphate used in combination with tretinoin in the treatment of acne. AB - Sixty-four patients with acne were studied to evaluate the irritancy, tolerance, and systemic absorption of topical 1% clindamycin phosphate when combined with tretinoin gel 0.025% as compared to either agent alone. All these treatment regimens were effective and well-tolerated. Clindamycin alone was less irritating than tretinoin alone or tretinoin combined with clindamycin. The combination treatment produced fewer complaints from patients than tretinoin alone. No systemic absorption of clindamycin was detected after two weeks and eight weeks of usage. PMID- 6219965 TI - A comparative study of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), double immunodiffusion and immunoelectrophoresis in experimental prepatent Stephanurus dentatus infections of pigs. PMID- 6219966 TI - Morphometric changes in normal arteries and those undergoing transluminal angioplasty. AB - To understand the morphometric effects of balloon catheter angioplasty in autopsy specimens, we studied the effect of histologic preparation on the size of control arterial specimens (N) and those having angioplasty at room temperature (CD) or body temperature (WD). Diameters of external and internal iliac arteries were measured with calipers, photography, and X-rays without any distention, after 200 mm Hg in a balloon catheter, after angioplasty to 4 atmospheres, and after fixation with a balloon catheter in place was inflated to 200 mm Hg. Arterial diameters were also taken from the tissue blocks and histologic slides. Images taken from the photos, X-rays, tissue blocks, and slides were digitized, and the diameter was calculated from circumference measurements. Diameters increased approximately 30% (P less than .001) when distended from the resting state to 200 mm Hg. There was a 7.4-8.2% decrease in diameter of arteries in blocks (P less than .01) and a further decrease of 9.8-11.9% from block to slide (P less than .005). Thus, significant size changes occur during arterial preparation. The postmortem artery shrinks without any distending pressure. Paraffin embedding and slide preparation are also associated with significant decreases in arterial size. These changes may influence the understanding of the pathophysiology of angioplasty and the estimation of stenoses by histopathology. PMID- 6219967 TI - Isozymes of phosphofructokinase. PMID- 6219969 TI - Modification by biological products of the generation of suppressor cells in culture. AB - This report describes the effects of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), indomethacin, and human prealbumin on the generation of culture-induced and allo-antigen-induced suppressor cells. The ability of the suppressor cells to affect cell-mediated immunity (CMI) generation cultures was assessed by 3H-thymidine uptake and cell mediated lympholysis (CML). The generation of culture-induced suppressor cells is dependent on the fetal calf-serum (FCS) used in the medium and at least 4 days are necessary for their generation. Suppression is totally abolished by 2,000r X irradiation of suppressor cells prior to their testing in CMI generation cultures. Spleen cells cultured in the presence of 0.03 to 3 microM PGE2 are not suppressive, while 3 nM PGE2 only partially abolishes their suppressive activity. Indomethacin has little effect on the development of this suppressor cell activity. Spleen cells cultured in the presence of human prealbumin have augmented cellular proliferation but do not develop suppressor cell activity. Alloantigen-activated cells added to CMI generation cultures suppress cellular proliferation (3H-thymidine uptake), but suppress CML development only after X irradiation. PGE2 inhibits the proliferation of alloantigen-activated cells in a dose dependent manner. The ability of PGE2 to abolish their suppressive activity (after X-irradiation) in CMI generation cultures is directly proportional to its effects on cell proliferation. Indomethacin augments the proliferation of alloantigen-activated cells but does not further augment suppression. Human prealbumin augments the cellular proliferation of alloantigen-activated suppressor cell culture systems, but does not affect the generation of alloantigen-activated suppressor activity. PMID- 6219970 TI - Early social interactions between infants with Down's syndrome and their parents. PMID- 6219968 TI - Comparison of the effects of glucocorticoid and indomethacin treatment on the acute inflammatory reaction in rabbits. AB - We have recently shown that indomethacin and ASA diminish the elevated blood flow, protein exudation, and leukocyte infiltration during acute inflammation induced by killed Escherichia coli, the reversed Arthus reaction, or zymosan activated plasma (ZAP; C5ades-arg) in rabbit skin. All of these effects were likely due to the inhibition by these drugs of prostaglandin (PG) synthesis in the lesions. Because glucocorticoids are also reported to inhibit PG production and, in large doses, to suppress inflammation accompanying various clinical conditions, we investigated the effects of hydrocortisone (HC), and methylprednisolone (MP), administered in large doses (100 mg/m2/d of MP or 2.5 g/m2/d of HC) on the above three forms of acute inflammation in rabbits. The effect of indomethacin treatment was studied in parallel for comparison. Blood flow, protein exudation, and leukocyte infiltration were quantitated simultaneously with 86Rb Cl, 125I-labelled rabbit albumin and 51Cr labelled blood leukocytes. Systemic indomethacin therapy decreased the blood flow and permeability, while local indomethacin (2.5 micrograms) significantly inhibited leukocyte infiltration into the lesions. In contrast, HC and MP caused only a mild decrease in blood flow, without altering protein exudation or leukocyte influx. However, HC and MP did inhibit protein exudation induced by bradykinin or histamine injection. These results indicate that, at least in rabbits, HC and MP, in contrast to indomethacin, have very weak anti-inflammatory actions on three complement- and neutrophil-mediated inflammatory responses, i.e., E. coli, ZAP (C5ades-arg) and reversed Arthus reactions. PMID- 6219971 TI - Direct estimation of the frequency of human cytotoxic T lymphocytes and their precursors following in vitro allosensitization. AB - Cell mediated lympholysis (CML) has been proposed as an in vitro model of the rejection process that results from transplantation of allogeneic tissue. To date, the absolute frequencies of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) and their precursors (CTL.P) have not been directly estimated in man because of technical difficulties. Through optimizing the conditions for radiometric detection of 51Cr release and the attendant improvement in CML sensitivity, direct CTL frequency estimates have been determined in peripheral blood (PBL), spleen (SPL), and lymph nodes (LNC) after in vitro allostimulation using unrelated human cells and limiting dilution assays. The mean frequency of CTL generated from PBL is 1 in 826 cells (0.121% +/- 0.101%) which, from preliminary experiments, is significantly greater than that generated from either LNC or SPL (p less than 0.05). With restimulation of primed cells on day 10, the frequency of CTL generated from PBL was increased 400%. The CTL.P frequency (0.0064% +/- 0.0050%) was approximately 5% of the corresponding CTL frequency. The CTL.P frequencies were found to be minimal estimates as both accessory "filler" cells and T cell growth factors increased the level of detection of CTL.P an average of threefold. The limiting cell dilution assay as detailed in this report should be a powerful tool for defining the cellular requirements and related factors necessary for optimal induction of a CTL response and should provide the means for determination of the immunogenetic requirements and the allospecificity of human cytotoxic lymphocytes. PMID- 6219972 TI - Nature of natural killer cell hyporesponsiveness in the Chediak-Higashi syndrome. AB - Two unrelated Chediak-Higashi syndrome (CHS) patients in the prelymphomatous phase and their families were tissue typed and tested for their immune functions including natural killer cell (NK) activity. NK activity was assessed by the conventional 4 hr chromium release assay and by a newly developed single cell liquid cytotoxic assay (SLA). SLA permits the simultaneous study of the overall binding of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PMNC) to the targets and the number of lytic conjugates. As expected, both CHS patients had low NK activity although their family members, including an HLA-identical sibling, were well within normal range. When tested with SLA, the percent total binding of the patient's PMNC was normal, but the number of lytic conjugates was lower than the normal controls. None of the patients had the A3,B7 haplotype which had been previously implicated in NK-hyporesponsiveness. T (including T helper and T suppressor cells) and B lymphocyte functions were normal (as assessed by mitogen stimulation, mixed lymphocyte reaction, and immunoglobulin synthesis). Our results suggest that CHS: (1) is not due to impaired target binding, and (2) is mainly due to low lytic efficiency of mature NK cells. PMID- 6219973 TI - Immunoregulatory activity of T-cell subsets activated in human mixed lymphocyte reaction. AB - Unseparated human T cells or isolated OKT4+ and OKT8+ subsets were stimulated in allogeneic MLR and subsequently tested for their capacity to suppress fresh autologous responding cells in a second MLR. Contrary to the bulk of evidence regarding the immunoregulation of B-cell function, both OKT4+ and OKT8+ cells could be activated to form suppressors of the MLR and were equally radioresistant. An early peak of blastogenesis was observed when OKT4+ suppressors were used, and this event was completely radiosensitive. When the fresh responding cells were also fractionated into OKT4+ and OKT8+ subsets, no preference for suppressibility of either subset could be demonstrated, indicating that OKT4+ suppressors were acting directly and not through an inductive mechanism requiring OKT8+ effectors. It is suggested that when alloantigenic responses are involved, the human T-cell subsets defined by these monoclonal antibodies may be more accurately defined by the class of MHC antigen to which they respond than by their effector function. PMID- 6219975 TI - How the abdominal muscles act on the rib cage. PMID- 6219974 TI - Lung vessel leak precedes right ventricular hypertrophy in monocrotaline-treated rats. AB - Monocrotaline induces microvascular leak and pulmonary hypertension in rats. We have hypothesized that the leak is related in some way to the pulmonary hypertension and precedes it. In rats given 40 mg monocrotaline/kg body wt subcutaneously, lung wet weight-to-dry weight ratios and lung albumin content began to increase within the first 3 days and became maximal at 1 wk. Alveolar lavage fluid showed little or no increase in protein. Right ventricular hypertrophy increased progressively from 2 through 3 wk. An increase in lung dry weight paralleled the right ventricular hypertrophy. The amount of blood retained in the lung did not account for the increased lung water, albumin, or weight. We considered that microvascular leak without leak into the alveolar space preceded pulmonary hypertension, right ventricular hypertrophy, and increased lung dry weight. In rats not given monocrotaline but exposed for 3 wk to hypobaric hypoxia, lung albumin, lung dry weight, and right ventricular weight increased. Increased lung dry weight probably reflects hyperplasia of lung cells. If so, an association of microvascular leak, lung cell hyperplasia, and right ventricular hypertrophy may occur in both monocrotaline- and hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension. PMID- 6219976 TI - Respiratory muscle function during CO2 rebreathing with inspiratory flow resistive loading. AB - We investigated the respiratory muscle contribution to inspiratory load compensation by measuring diaphragmatic and intercostal electromyograms (EMGdi and EMGic), transdiaphragmatic pressure (Pdi), and thoracoabdominal motion during CO2 rebreathing with and without 15 cmH2O X l-1 X s inspiratory flow resistance (IRL) in normal sitting volunteers. During IRL compared with control, Pdi measured during airflow and during airway occlusion increased for a given change in CO2 partial pressure and EMGdi, and there was a greater decrease in abdominal (AB) end expiratory anteroposterior dimensions with increased expiratory gastric pressure (Pga), this leading to an inspiratory decline in Pga with outward AB movement, indicating a passive component to the descent of the abdomen-diaphragm. The response of EMGic to IRL was similar to that of EMGdi, though rib cage (RC) Pga plots did infer intercostal muscle contribution. We conclude that during CO2 rebreathing with IRL there is improved diaphragmatic neuromuscular coupling, the prolongation of inspiration promoting a force-velocity advantage, and increased AB action serving to optimize diaphragm length and configuration, as well as to provide its own passive inspiratory action. Intercostal action provides increased assistance also. Therefore, compensation for inspiratory resistive loads results from the combined and integrated effort of all respiratory muscle groups. PMID- 6219978 TI - Mutastein, a new inhibitor of adhesive-insoluble glucan synthesis by glucosyltransferases of Streptococcus mutans. AB - Mutastein, a new inhibitor of glucosyltransferases (GTase) of Streptococcus mutans, was isolated from cultural broth of Aspergillus terreus M3328. Mutastein was a heat-stable protein and was sensitive to pronase digestion. In the formation of glucans, that of adhesive water-insoluble glucans of S. mutans was specifically inhibited by mutastein. PMID- 6219977 TI - Platelet storage pool disease in women. AB - Menstrual abnormalities in adolescents are usually diagnosed as dysfunctional uterine bleeding. It is generally regarded as characteristic of the young hypophyseal-pituitary system, which with time will stop naturally. The possibility of platelet storage pool diseases as a cause of irregular bleeding is often overlooked. We have treated five patients with proven or suspected platelet storage pool disease who had a history of adolescent hypermenorrhea and other bleeding. Patients with this type of history should have a comprehensive hematologic evaluation because platelet storage pool disease is not demonstrated by conventional coagulation studies. Our patients were treated with medroxyprogesterone acetate, oral contraceptives, and an avoidance of aspirin. PMID- 6219979 TI - Synthesis and in vitro antibacterial properties of alkylspectinomycin analogs. PMID- 6219980 TI - Latamoxef (moxalactam) in acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis. AB - Forty-three patients admitted to the hospital with acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis were treated with latamoxef (moxalactam) twice daily intramuscularly for 10 days. Five patients received 0.5 g injections, 23 patients 1 g and 15 patients were given 2 g. Three patients dropped out of the study; one died suddenly, one was treated with another antibiotic because of suspected Gram negative pneumonia and one developed pneumococcal septicaemia after the active treatment course. Most strains of Haemophilus influenzae, H. parainfluenzae and Branhamella catarrhalis were successfully eradicated but, by day 17, there were 7 patients with reinfections with Streptococcus pneumoniae. Latamoxef MIC values for Str. pneumoniae varied from 0.03 to 2 g mg/1, but most were in the region of 1 mg/1. Sputum concentrations reached approximately 1.5 mg/1 on the highest dosage but only 0.25 to 1 mg/1 on the lower doses. Peak Serum concentrations with the increasing doses averaged 14, 27 and 45 mg/1 respectively. The role and dosage of latamoxef in respiratory infections in the possible presence of streptococci are discussed. PMID- 6219981 TI - Effectiveness of treatment with mezlocillin, ampicillin and latamoxef (moxalactam) of experimental group B beta-haemolytic streptococcal meningitis in rabbits. AB - This study compared the effectiveness of treatment with various antibiotics in rabbits with experimental group B beta-haemolytic streptococcal meningitis. Groups of nine infected rabbits each received the following treatments intramuscularly, three times per day: (1) control--no treatment; (2) mezlocillin- 400 mg/kg/day; (3) mezlocillin--400 mg/kg/day + gentamicin--15 mg/kg/day; (4) ampicillin--400 mg/kg/day; (5) ampicillin--400 mg/kg/day + gentamicin 15 mg/kg/day; (6) latamoxef (moxalactam)--100 mg/kg/day. Bacterial counts in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and drug levels in the serum and CSF were measured each hour for 7 h and at 24, 48 and 72 h after start of therapy. Percent penetration values (CSF concentration/serum concentration X 100) for the drugs were calculated and effectiveness of bacterial clearing from the CSF was determined. Over the 72 h period, the most effective therapy was mezlocillin + gentamicin, followed by ampicillin + gentamicin, mezlocillin, ampicillin and latamoxef in order of effectiveness in clearing bacteria from the CSF. PMID- 6219982 TI - Comparison of in-vitro activity of latamoxef (moxalactam) and ceftazidime against Pseudomonas and Enterobacteriaceae resistant to first generation cephalosporins. PMID- 6219983 TI - Chemotherapy and combined modality therapy in the management of large bowel adenocarcinomas. PMID- 6219985 TI - Progress in the treatment of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. PMID- 6219984 TI - Scoliosis school screening in Arkansas. PMID- 6219986 TI - Medical grand rounds. Multiple myeloma "a brief review". PMID- 6219987 TI - Hepatologica. PMID- 6219989 TI - Novikoff ascites tumor cells contain N-acetyllactosaminide beta 1 leads to 3 and beta 1 leads to 6 N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity. AB - Novikoff ascites tumor cell homogenate was found to catalyze the transfer of [14C]N-acetylglucosamine from UDP-[14C]GlcNAc to asialo-alpha 1-acid glycoprotein. Mucins appeared to be poor acceptors. Methylation and hydrolysis of the product formed in an incubation with UDP-GlcNAc and asialo-alpha 1-acid [3H]glycoprotein yielded 2,4,6-trimethyl [3H]galactose and 2,3,4-trimethyl [3H]galactose, indicating that N-acetylglucosaminyl residues were introduced to position C-3 and C-6 of the terminal galactoses on the glycoprotein. It is concluded that Novikoff cells contain two N-acetylglucosaminyltransferases which might be involved in the synthesis of linear and branched forms of cell surface polylactosaminoglycans and blood group I/i antigenic structures. PMID- 6219988 TI - Absence of siderophore activity in Legionella species grown in iron-deficient media. AB - Growth of Legionella species in a defined medium deficient in iron did not result in the production of phenolic or hydroxamate siderophores which could be detected by chemical or biological assay methods. Growth of a variety of other gram negative organisms under the same conditions resulted in the production of both hydroxamate and phenolate siderophores. The iron-deficient medium limited growth of the Legionella species more severely than it did the growth of the other gram negative organisms. We have concluded that Legionella species do not make the commonly recognized siderophores, probably because they are restricted in their growth to those environments in which inorganic iron is readily available or is supplied in a form bound to an unknown carrier. PMID- 6219990 TI - Purification and partial characterization of ATP pyrophosphohydrolase from fetal bovine epiphyseal cartilage. AB - ATP pyrophosphohydrolase was partially purified from fetal bovine epiphyseal cartilage. The purification was about 10- and 100-fold over the enzyme activities of matrix vesicle fraction and cell homogenate, respectively. The pyrophosphohydrolase and alkaline phosphatase were separated by a sequential application of Sepharose CL-6B and DEAE-cellulose column chromatographies. The purified enzyme migrated as a single band corresponding to the molecular weight of 230,000 in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide disc gel by electrophoresis. The enzyme absolutely required Zn2+ for its activity and appeared to bind Zn2+ strongly with an apparent affinity of p[Zn2+]0.5 = 13.4. The apparent Km for ATP was 0.18 mM. The enzyme was also reactive toward various nucleoside triphosphates including GTP, CTP, and UTP. In contrast, various phosphodiesters including RNA, UDP-glucose, NAD, and bis-p-nitrophenylphosphate were 5% or less as reactive as the nucleoside triphosphates. The pyrophosphohydrolase was inactive toward adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate or various phosphonates. UDP-glucose (1 mM), NAD (1 mM), or RNA (1 mg/ml) failed to inhibit the ATP pyrophosphohydrolase activity. These observations suggest that the ATP pyrophosphohydrolase of the cartilage is probably not a phosphodiesterase I. The matrix vesicle fraction, which probably also included some plasma membrane vesiculated during collagenase digestion, contained the highest specific activity of the enzyme as compared to other subcellular fractions of either epiphyseal or articular cartilage. PMID- 6219991 TI - A kinetic mechanism for the poly(C)-dependent ATPase of the Escherichia coli transcription termination protein, rho. AB - A study of the initial velocity kinetics of the Escherichia coli transcription termination protein rho, with respect to its poly(C)-dependent ATPase, indicates that this reaction occurs by an ordered sequential mechanism. Product inhibition and substrate analogue studies suggest that ATP binding must precede the binding of poly(C) and that the order of release of the products is ADP followed by Pi, then poly(C). A possible mechanism for relating the ATPase to the termination reaction of rho is discussed in relation to the model for rho proposed by Richardson (5). PMID- 6219992 TI - Purification and characterization of the trifunctional beta-subunit of anthranilate synthase from Neurospora crassa. AB - The trifunctional beta-subunit of anthranilate synthase complex of Neurospora crassa has been purified from a mutant which produces no detectable alpha subunit. The isolated beta-subunit appeared to be a highly asymmetric dimer with a s20,w of 7.35 and an apparent molecular weight of 200,000 as determined by gel filtration on Sephacryl S-300 compared with a monomer molecular weight of approximately 84,000 Da as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-gel electrophoresis. The purified subunit was cleaved by elastase, trypsin, or chymotrypsin into fragments which retained the three enzyme activities. After elastase digestion, two active fragments were separated by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography. A 30,000-Da fragment, which behaved as a monomer on gel filtration, interacted with free alpha-subunit to produce glutamine-dependent anthranilate synthase activity. A second 56,000-Da fragment, which behaved as an asymmetric dimer (apparent molecular weight 140,000) on gel filtration, retained both N-(5'-phosphoribosyl)anthranilate isomerase and indole-3-glycerol phosphate synthase activity. The failure to detect an NH2-terminal amino acid residue on either the intact beta-subunit or the 30,000-Da complementing fragment, while the 56,000-Da fragment possessed an NH2-terminal histidine residue, indicated that the complementing fragment was derived from the NH2-terminal sequence of the beta subunit. PMID- 6219993 TI - Heparan sulfate proteoglycans from mouse mammary epithelial cells. A putative membrane proteoglycan associates quantitatively with lipid vesicles. AB - Mouse mammary epithelial (NMuMG) cells produce both cellular and extracellular heparan sulfate-rich proteoglycans. A cellular proteoglycan, but no extracellular proteoglycans, associates quantitatively and vectorially with lipid vesicles, as assessed by column chromatography and centrifugation. This lipophilic cellular proteoglycan is extracted as an aggregate when cells are treated with 4 M guanidine HCl, but is extracted as a single component in the presence of detergent, suggesting that it aggregates with cellular lipid. An association with lipid is confirmed by intercalation of the proteoglycan into the bilayer of lipid vesicles. Formation of lipid vesicles in the presence of the proteoglycan causes the proteoglycan to have the chromatographic and sedimentation behavior of the vesicles while destruction of the vesicles with detergent nullifies this effect. The proteoglycan is intercalated nullifies this effect. The proteoglycan is intercalated into the vesicles with its glycosaminoglycan-containing domain exposed to the exterior since mild trypsin treatment quantitatively removes this portion of the proteoglycan from the vesicle. After cleavage from the vesicle, the released proteoglycan chromatographs with an apparent molecular size similar to that of the whole proteoglycan, but no longer aggregates with lipid. Thus, trypsin removes a lipophilic domain which is responsible for its interaction with lipid and presumably anchors the proteoglycan in cellular membranes. PMID- 6219994 TI - Mg X ATP2-dependent interaction of the inhibitor protein of the cAMP-dependent protein kinase with the catalytic subunit. AB - The interaction between the inhibitor protein and the catalytic subunit of the cAMP-dependent protein kinase has been investigated by steady state kinetics and by an assessment of the requirement of this interaction for ATP. By analysis for tightly bound inhibitors, inhibition by the inhibitor protein was shown to be competitive versus peptide substrate and uncompetitive versus Mg X ATP2-. This, together with the observations of Gronot et al. (Gronot, J., Mildvan, A.S., Bramson, H. N., Thomas, N., and Kaiser, E.T. (1981) Biochemistry 20, 602-610) and those given in the accompanying paper (Whitehouse, S., Feramisco, J.R., Casnellie, J.E., Krebs, E.G., and Walsh, D.A. (1983) J. Biol. Chem. 258, 3693 3701), would indicate that the probable reaction mechanism of the protein kinase is ordered with the nucleotide binding first and that the inhibitor protein blocks catalysis by interaction with the catalytic subunit-Mg X ATP complex. The Ki for this interaction at saturating Mg X ATP and zero peptide substrate is 0.49 nM. Multiple inhibition analysis in the presence of 5'-adenylimidodiphosphate (AMP X PNP) indicates that the inhibitor protein does not interact with a catalytic subunit-AMP X PNP complex. The requirement for ATP for the inhibitor protein-catalytic subunit interaction has also been demonstrated by direct binding measurements and by the observation that the efficiency of the inhibitor protein is increased by preincubation of the inhibitor protein, catalytic subunit, and ATP in the absence of peptide substrate. By either measurement, the catalytic subunit in the presence of the inhibitor protein, was shown to exhibit an apparent Kd of 20 approximately 60 nM for ATP; this value is two orders of magnitude higher than the affinity for ATP by the catalytic subunit alone. This high apparent affinity of the catalytic subunit for ATP (in the presence of the inhibitor) does not require that there be a specific binding site on the inhibitor protein for some moiety of the ATP but may simply be a reflection of the formation of a catalytic subunit-Mg X ATP X inhibitor protein complex with resultant displacement of the equilibrium of ATP binding to the protein kinase. PMID- 6219995 TI - The role of ATPase in glycolysis of Ehrlich ascites tumor cells. AB - Glycolysis in Ehrlich ascites tumor cells suspended in buffer containing 5 mM Pi was 50% inhibited by ouabain. In the absence of Pi the inhibition was less striking. Permeabilization of the cells with filipin abolished glycolysis, but glycolysis was restored by addition of Pi and AMP. Neither ouabain nor quercetin inhibited glycolysis in these permeabilized cells. We conclude that quercetin did not inhibit hexokinase sufficiently to affect glycolysis. An extract of Ehrlich ascites tumor cells glycolyzed weakly unless either Pi or an ATPase (e.g. (Na+K+) ATPase) was added. The low rate of glycolysis of the extract was even further reduced when an endogenous ATPase was removed by precipitation with CaATP. The glycolytic activity of this ATPase-deficient extract was restored by addition of purified (Na+K+)-ATPase or of CaATP-precipitable ATPase. Addition of hexokinase without Pi did not restore glycolytic activity to the extract. An explanation for the contradictory conclusions by Bustamante, E., Morris, H.P., and Pedersen, P.L. (J. Biol. Chem. (1981) 265, 8699-8704) is presented. PMID- 6219996 TI - The interaction of 4-chloro-7-nitrobenzofurazan with Rhodospirillum rubrum chromatophores, their soluble F1-ATPase, and the isolated purified beta-subunit. AB - ATP synthesis and hydrolysis by Rhodospirillum rubrum chromatophores as well as the soluble RrF1-ATPase activity are inhibited by 4-chloro-7-nitrobenzofurazan (NBD-C1) in a dithiothreitol-reversible manner. Using the method earlier developed in these chromatophores to remove specifically the beta-subunit from their membrane-bound RrF1 leaving all other subunits attached to the resulting inactive beta-less chromatophores (Philosoph, S., Binder, A., and Gromet-Elhanan, Z. (1977) J. Biol. Chem. 252, 8747-8752), we have tested the effect of NBD-Cl also on the isolated beta-subunit and on the beta-less chromatophores before and after their reconstitution with the missing beta-subunit. The isolated purified beta-subunit as well as the RrF1-ATPase bind covalently [14C]NBD-Cl with an accompanying increase in absorbance at 385 nm, indicative of a tyrosyl-O-NBD bond. But, unlike the inactive RrF1-NBD complex, the beta-NBD adduct is as capable as the native beta-subunit to reconstitute beta-less chromatophores and restore their ATP synthesis and hydrolysis activities. On the other hand, incubation of beta-less chromatophores with NBD-Cl before or after their reconstitution with either native beta or the NBD-saturated beta adduct results in complete inhibition of their restored activities. It is, therefore, concluded that there are different binding sites for NBD-Cl on the isolated beta-subunit and on the beta-less chromatophores or on chromatophores reconstituted with the beta-NBD adduct, where the beta-site is already occupied. Furthermore, the site responsible for inactivation by NBD-Cl of the coupled and reconstituted chromatophores and of the soluble RrF1 is different from the site modified by NBD Cl on the isolated beta-subunit. Its subunit location is as yet unknown. PMID- 6219997 TI - The interaction of carboxyl group reagents with the Rhodospirillum rubrum F1 ATPase and its isolated beta-subunit. AB - The carboxyl group reagents dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCCD) and N-ethoxycarboxyl 2-ethoxy-1,2-dihydroquinoline (EEDQ) inactivate the soluble Rhodospirillum rubrum F1-ATPase (RrF1). The inactivation is both time- and concentration-dependent and also pH-dependent, being more marked at acid pH. Under the same conditions, N ethyl-5-phenylisoxazolium 3'-sulfonate causes almost no inactivation of the RrF1 ATPase. Complete inhibition of the enzyme activity requires the binding of 1 mol of DCCD/mol of RrF1. The isolated, reconstitutively active, beta-subunit of RrF1 is affected by the three carboxyl group reagents in a very similar manner to the RrF1-ATPase. Incubation of the beta-subunit with DCCD and EEDQ eliminates its capacity to rebind to beta-less chromatophores. Consequently the DCCD or EEDQ modified beta-subunit cannot restore ATP synthesis or hydrolysis activities to the beta-less chromatophores. The interaction of the isolated beta-subunit with DCCD and EEDQ is both time and concentration dependent. The elimination of the reconstitutive activity of the beta-subunit by DCCD is accompanied with a covalent binding of about 1 mol of [14C]DCCD/mol of beta and is pH-dependent, showing a half-maximal effect at about pH 7.4. Divalent cations, inorganic phosphate, and to a lesser extent ATP and ADP decrease the binding stoichiometry of DCCD to the beta-subunit. Pretreatment of either RrF1 or its isolated beta subunit with EEDQ reduces drastically their ability to bind [14C]DCCD, suggesting that in both RrF1 and the beta-subunit, EEDQ and DCCD might react at the same site. The similar effect of the carboxyl group reagents on RrF1 and on its isolated beta-subunit is in accord with the suggestion that DCCD and EEDQ affect the F1-ATPases by interacting with their beta-subunits. PMID- 6219998 TI - An ATP-driven proton pump in clathrin-coated vesicles. AB - Clathrin containing coated vesicles prepared from bovine brain catalyzed ATP driven proton translocation and a 32Pi-ATP exchange reaction. Both activities were measured in the presence of 5 micrograms of oligomycin/mg of protein which completely inhibited these reactions catalyzed by submitochondrial particles. Analyses performed during the purification procedure demonstrated that the oligomycin-resistant pump was concentrated and highly purified in the fractions containing coated vesicles. Moreover, vesicles precipitated by either monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against clathrin contained the H+ pump activity. Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (0.5 mM) and N-ethylmaleimide (1 mM) added to the assay mixture inhibited the pump completely, whereas neither vanadate, sodium azide, efrapeptin, or mitochondrial ATPase inhibitor had an effect. PMID- 6219999 TI - ADP-ribosylation of nonhistone high mobility group proteins in intact cells. AB - The ADP-ribosylation of nonhistone, high mobility group (HMG) proteins in intact cultured cells was investigated. Radioactively labeled adenosine was used as a precursor to detect (ADP-ribose)n on protein. A protein fraction enriched in HMG proteins and histone H1 was separated from RNA and DNA by CsCl density gradient centrifugation, 5% perchloric acid extraction, and CM-Sephadex C-50 column chromatography. Poly- and mono(ADP-ribose) were recovered following alkaline hydrolysis, and 5'-AMP and (2'-(5"-phosphoribosyl)-5'-AMP) were produced by phosphodiesterase treatment, indicating that the protein-bound radioactive material was (ADP-ribose)n. An average chain length of 1.5 to 1.8 was determined. Analysis of proteins by sodium dodecyl sulfate and acetic acid/urea polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis demonstrated that HMG 1, 2, 14, and 17 as well as histone H1 contained (ADP-ribose)n. Treatment of cells with 3-aminobenzamide, an inhibitor of (ADP-ribose)n synthetase, decreased endogenous ADP-ribosylation in both types of chromosomal proteins but that of HMG 14 and 17 was affected more. PMID- 6220000 TI - Human leukemic cells resistant to 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine contain a thymidylate synthetase with lower affinity for nucleotides. AB - A line of human lymphocytic leukemia cells (CCRF-CEM) has been obtained which is 140-fold resistant to the potent cell growth inhibitor 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine (FdUrd). The cells were also 11-fold cross-resistant to 5-fluorouracil. In contrast to several previous studies involving FdUrd-resistant mouse cells, thymidylate synthetase levels were not substantially elevated in these FdUrd resistant human leukemic cells. Thymidine kinase activity was also unchanged in the resistant cells, although the levels of 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridylate (FdUMP), the potent inhibitor of thymidylate synthetase, generated at equimolar doses of FdUrd were about 40% lower than in the sensitive cells. Studies of the kinetics of FdUMP binding to thymidylate synthetase isolated from the FdUrd-resistant cells disclosed a considerably higher dissociation constant (Kd = 1.0 X 10(-9) M) for the ternary covalent enzyme . FdUMP . 5,10-methylene tetrahydrofolate complex compared to the value obtained with enzyme from sensitive cells (Kd = 4.4 X 10( 11) M). The thymidylate synthetase from the FdUrd-resistant cells also showed 17 fold weaker binding of 2'-deoxyuridylate, even though the Km value for 2' deoxyuridylate was 3-fold lower compared to the enzyme from FdUrd-sensitive cells. The turnover number of the altered enzyme was 1.8-fold higher than that for the normal enzyme but the rate constants for the release of FdUMP from the ternary complex, which is also an enzyme-catalyzed reaction, were identical for both enzymes. Electrophoresis of the radiolabeled ternary complexes on nondenaturing gels showed small but reproducible differences in migration rates. These results demonstrate that the mechanism of resistance to FdUrd in this cell line involves an alteration in the target enzyme, thymidylate synthetase, which causes it have a lower affinity for nucleotides. PMID- 6220001 TI - Calcium transport in inside-out membrane vesicles prepared from rabbit neutrophils. AB - Inside-out membrane vesicles capable in the presence of MgATP of accumulating calcium and containing Ca2+-ATPase activity have been prepared from rabbit neutrophils. The transport system has a Km for Ca2+ of 2.8 +/- 0.3 microM and a Vmax of 5.3 +/- 0.3 nmol/mg of protein . min and a Km for ATP of 0.35 +/- 0.13 mM and a Vmax of 5.8 +/- 0.3 nmol/mg protein . min. The Ca2+-activated ATPase system has a Km for Ca2+ of 0.2 +/- 0.05 microM and a Vmax of 4.0 +/- 0.5 nmol/mg protein . min, and a Km for ATP of 0.36 +/- 0.2 mM and a Vmax of 5.0 +/- 0.6 nmol/mg protein . min. It was also found that neither these inside-out vesicles nor the intact rabbit neutrophils contain a Na+/Ca2+ exchange mechanism. PMID- 6220002 TI - lambda Phage cro repressor interaction with DNA. AB - We present here the complete identification of the resonances from the aromatic region of the 1H NMR spectrum of the cro repressor of the Escherichia coli lysogenic phage lambda. This was accomplished by the use of two-dimensional NMR analysis as well as specifically deuterated tyrosines. Not surprisingly, it shows that the published resonance assignment approached by more conventional methods by others includes substantial errors. The effect of complex formation with DNA was examined in the 1H NMR spectrum as well as in 19F NMR spectra from 3 fluorophenylalanine- or 3-fluorotyrosine-substituted cro repressors. The fluoro analogues show the practicality of using a structural gene cloned into an inducible system as a starting point to obtain both material and specific nuclear spin incorporation for NMR spectroscopy. The NMR data offer direct support for the speculative models of cro repressor-DNA complexes proposed from x-ray structure analysis on the protein alone. PMID- 6220003 TI - Conformational changes accompanying proteolytic cleavage of human complement protein C3b by the regulatory enzyme factor I and its cofactor H. Spectroscopic and enzymological studies. AB - The conformational basis for the loss of C3b functional site expression following its conversion to iC3b by the regulatory proteins factor H and factor I has been examined by a number of spectroscopic techniques including the fluorescence of the extrinsic probe 8-anilino-1-naphthalenesulfonate, circular dichroism, and UV absorption difference spectroscopy. These techniques all detected significant conformational alterations accompanying the proteolytic cleavage event. To a substantial extent, the observed spectral changes tended to reverse those seen in the original conversion of native C3 to its functionally active C3b form. Similar changes were also seen when the thioester-cleaved, but peptide chain-intact, form of C3 was acted upon by the regulatory proteins. The most dramatic effect was seen in the 8-anilino-1-naphthalenesulfonate fluorescence system where the fluorescence enhancement observed upon conversion of C3 to C3b, which presumably reflects an increase in surface hydrophobicity, is lost upon further cleavage of the molecule to iC3b. This marked signal change forms the basis of a simple spectrofluorometric assay with which to study the enzymatic properties of factor I for its true substrate: the complex formed between C3b and factor H. Using this assay, factor I was found to display very tight binding of its substance, the Km at 25 degrees C being on the order of 0.025-0.1 microM, but it was also found to show a low rate of cleavage, the turnover number being less than 10 min-1 at this temperature. PMID- 6220004 TI - Reversible control of oligomeric interaction of the sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase with the use of a cleavable cross-linking agent. AB - Reversible cross-linking with a cleavable homobifunctional reagent, dithiobissuccinimidyl propionate, of the Ca2+ ATPase polypeptides of fragmented sarcoplasmic reticulum produces oligomers in the range of 2 to 4 X 100,000 Da (cf. Louis, C. F., and Holroyd, J. A., (1979) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 535, 222 232). The presence of millimolar ATP during the dithiobissuccinimidyl propionate reaction protects the enzyme from inactivation without affecting cross-linking. In the presence of both ATP (e.g. 1 mM) and Ca2+ (e.g. 0.21 mM), there is no inhibition of phosphoenzyme (EP) formation and presteady state Ca2+ translocation, whereas Ca2+-induced conformational changes of the enzyme, and EP decomposition are inhibited. Cleavage of the S-S bond of the cross-links reverses the inhibition of conformational changes but has little effect on the inhibited EP decomposition. This indicates that the inhibition of conformational changes is due to cross-linking, while that of EP decomposition is due to the chemical modification as such. If [Ca2+] is low during the dithiobissuccinimidyl propionate reaction (e.g. pCa 7.6), the Ca2+-induced conformational changes of the enzyme, EP formation, presteady state Ca2+ translocation, and EP decomposition are inhibited, even in the presence of ATP. Cleavage of the cross links reverses the inhibition of conformational changes and EP formation, but again has little effect on EP decomposition. Thus, the primary effect of cross linking at high and low [Ca2+] is the inhibition of the Ca2+-induced conformational change, suggesting that extensive interaction of subunits is involved in this reaction step. The fact that EP formation and presteady state Ca2+ translocation are inhibited by cross-linking carried out at low but not at high [Ca2+] suggests that cross-linking takes place at different regions of the enzyme molecule at different [Ca2+]. PMID- 6220005 TI - Solubilization of the UDP-glucose:1,4-beta-D-glucan 4-beta-D-glucosyltransferase (cellulose synthase) from Acetobacter xylinum. A comparison of regulatory properties with those of the membrane-bound form of the enzyme. AB - A procedure has been developed for the effective solubilization of UDP glucose:1,4-beta-D-glucan 4-beta-D-glucosyltransferase (cellulose synthase) by treatment of membranes from the bacterium Acetobacter xylinum with digitonin. Low concentrations of digitonin (0.1%, w/v) cause stimulation of the enzyme activity in membranes; treatment with higher concentrations of digitonin (1-10%) results in solubilization of up to 70% of the digitonin-stimulated activity. The digitonin-solubilized enzyme displays regulatory properties quite similar to those of the membrane-bound form of the enzyme, showing specific activation by GTP. GTP activation requires the presence of a protein factor which can be separated from the enzyme by washing the membranes prior to enzyme solubilization. Association of this protein factor with the membrane-bound enzyme is promoted by polyethylene glycol or by Ca2+; however, these compounds are ineffective in enhancing enzyme-factor association for the enzyme in the solubilized state. The observation that Ca2+ promotes enzyme-factor association in the membranes suggests that this cation, in addition to GTP, may play a role in the regulation of cellulose synthesis in vivo in A. xylinum. PMID- 6220006 TI - Identity of the in vivo phosphorylation site in high mobility group 14 protein in HeLa cells with the site phosphorylated by casein kinase II in vitro. AB - The pattern and sites of phosphorylation of high mobility group (HMG) chromosomal proteins in HeLa cells labeled in vivo with [32P]orthophosphate have been compared with those of isolated HeLa HMG protein labeled in vitro by purified protein kinase enzymes. In synchronized HeLa cells there is phosphorylation of two HMG proteins designated hHMG 14 alpha 1 and alpha 2. hHMG 14 alpha 1 and alpha 2 are phosphorylated in a single identical tryptic phosphopeptide which runs toward the anode with electrophoresis at pH 4.7. The specific activity of phosphorylation at this site increased 2.5-fold in both hHMG 14 alpha 1 and alpha 2 in metaphase compared to interphase cultures. In vitro only casein kinase II specifically catalyzed phosphorylation of hHMG 14 alpha 1 and alpha 2 among a mixture of hHMG proteins; phosphorylation occurred at the site which was phosphorylated in vivo. The site of phosphorylation catalyzed by casein kinase II is distinct from sites in HMG proteins phosphorylated by cyclic nucleotide dependent protein kinases or by casein kinase I. Casein kinase I specifically catalyzed phosphorylation of histone H1. These results indicate that casein kinase II is the enzyme which catalyzes the major phosphorylation of hHMG protein which occurs in vivo. PMID- 6220007 TI - Effect of magnesium on the calcium-dependent transient kinetics of sarcoplasmic reticulum ATPase, studied by stopped flow fluorescence and phosphorylation. AB - At pH 7 and 20 degrees C and in the absence of potassium and magnesium, the intrinsic fluorescence rise after addition of calcium to a calcium-deprived enzyme was monoexponential. On the other hand, when the calcium-deprived enzyme was preincubated with magnesium, this fluorescence rise was clearly biphasic at high calcium concentrations. For a constant magnesium concentration (higher than millimolar), the rate constant of the slow phase and the amplitude of the fast phase rose for the same range of calcium concentrations, between pCa 5 and 4. At pH 6, fluorescence signals were monophasic even with 20 mM Mg2+. We also found that at pH 7, phosphorylation of the enzyme after simultaneous addition of calcium, magnesium, and ATP was faster when sarcoplasmic reticulum was originally calcium-deprived in the presence of magnesium. At pH 6, on the contrary, preincubation with magnesium did not influence the phosphorylation time course. It is concluded that (a) magnesium produces an enzyme conformation which is able to react with calcium and ATP as required by the kinetics of the ATPase reaction; (b) the magnesium-enzyme complex presents one readily accessible site of relatively low affinity (Kd congruent to 25 microM) for calcium; (c) occupancy of this site by calcium triggers a relatively slow (4-6 s-1) conformational change unmasking a second high affinity site; (d) interaction between and occupancy of these two calcium sites occur with positive cooperativity and yield enzyme activation; and (e) the kinetic difference between the low time constant of the second component of fluorescence rise following addition of calcium (in the absence of ATP) and the relatively fast phosphorylation obtained in the same conditions (but in the presence of ATP) is attributed to an Mg2+-dependent accelerating effect of ATP on enzyme isomerization. PMID- 6220008 TI - Human plasma lipoprotein [a]. Structural properties. AB - When lipoprotein [a] was isolated in the presence of the proteolytic inhibitor Trasylol, its apoprotein exhibited one dominant band corresponding to a molecular weight of about 1.2 million when analyzed by electrophoresis on 3.25% sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels. After chemical reduction, this band was missing but was replaced by two bands, one corresponding to a molecular weight of about 490,000 and the other to a molecular weight of about 645,000. Before treatment with reducing agents, the apolipoprotein [a] and apolipoprotein B immunoreactivities were detectable in the same electrophoretic band, but after reduction the apolipoprotein [a] was demonstrated to be separate from the apolipoprotein B. These results suggest that the apoprotein of lipoprotein [a] is composed of two subunits which are similar in molecular weight and are held together by one or more disulfide bonds. One subunit possesses apolipoprotein [a] and the other apolipoprotein B immunoreactivity. The secondary structure of the apoprotein components within lipoprotein [a] has been studied by circular dichroism and found to differ significantly from the secondary structure of the apoproteins in low density lipoproteins and high density lipoproteins. About 30% alpha-helical structure was measured in lipoprotein [a] compared to 48% in low density lipoproteins and 70% in high density lipoproteins. Lipoprotein [a] exhibited a much higher percentage of disordered structure than either of the other two lipoproteins. PMID- 6220009 TI - Transport of the precursor to neurospora ATPase subunit 9 into yeast mitochondria. Implications on the diversity of the transport mechanism. AB - Isolated yeast mitochondria were able to take up Neurospora ATPase subunit 9 in vitro although the homologous yeast protein is synthesized within the mitochondria and inserted into the membrane from the matrix side (Tzagoloff, A., and Meagher, P. (1972) J. Biol. Chem. 247, 594-603). The transfer of the protein was dependent on an energized mitochondrial inner membrane. It was accompanied by proteolytic processing of the precursor to the mature protein with the correct NH2 terminus as determined by Edman degradation of the transferred protein. The possibility is discussed that there are common features in the uptake machinery neither specific for one species nor specific for individual precursor proteins in the same species. PMID- 6220010 TI - Lanthanides do not function as calcium analogues in scallop myosin. AB - Lanthanides are often considered to act as calcium analogues in biological systems. Activation profiles have been obtained as a function of terbium (Tb(III)), gadolinium (Gd(III)), and europium (Eu(III)) concentration, for the actin-activated ATPase of fully regulated myosins from both thick and thin filament regulated muscles. Scallop adductor myosin, a regulatory myosin, shows full apparent activation by free lanthanide. Activity declines rapidly with increasing lanthanide concentration reaching basal levels at 100 microM lanthanide. Rabbit skeletal muscle myosin, in the presence of rabbit skeletal troponin:tropomyosin, also shows full apparent activation by free lanthanide. However, contrary to expectation, lanthanides do not compete with calcium for the calcium-specific site of scallop myosin and therefore do not function as calcium analogues in this system. The activation curve is shown to be an artifact arising from the release of trace calcium from ethylene glycol bis(beta-aminoethyl ether) N,N,N',N-tetraacetic acid during lanthanide titration. Although the results with troponin:tropomyosin are necessarily more complex, the ability of lanthanides to turn on troponin:tropomyosin is brought into question. PMID- 6220011 TI - Subunit interaction in the mitochondrial H+-translocating ATPase. Association of the 26,500-dalton atpase binding protein and oligomycin sensitivity conferral protein with F1-ATPase. AB - The rat liver 26,500-dalton ATPase binding protein and beef heart oligomycin sensitivity conferral protein are able to interact with the rat liver Type II ATPase to form discrete complexes. The equilibrium constants for these interactions are similar and each forms a 1:1 complex with the ATPase. The reassociated complex of Type II ATPase and 26,500-dalton ATPase binding protein or of oligomycin sensitivity conferral protein and Type II ATPase has properties similar to that of Type I ATPase. Dimerization of oligomycin sensitivity conferral protein by oxidation with copper phenanthroline chelate abolishes its ability to interact with the Type II ATPase. The isoelectric point and amino acid composition of the 26,500-dalton ATPase binding protein and oligomycin sensitivity conferral protein are similar. The polypeptide patterns produced by cyanogen bromide cleavage indicates a similar but nonidentical pattern to the 26,500-dalton ATPase binding protein and the oligomycin sensitivity conferral protein. PMID- 6220012 TI - The actomyosin ATPase of synthetic myosin minifilaments, filaments, and heavy meromyosin. AB - The actin-activated ATPase activities of myosin minifilaments and heavy meromyosin are similar at high actin concentrations. Under low ionic strength conditions, the minifilaments in Tris citrate buffer yield the same maximal turnover rate (Vmax) and apparent dissociation constant of actin from myosin (Kapp) as heavy meromyosin in standard low salt conditions. The time course of actin-activated ATP hydrolysis of minifilaments is similar to that observed for standard myosin preparations. Depending on the exact protein composition of the assay mixture, either the ATPase activity declines continuously with time, or is accelerated at the onset of superprecipitation. In analogy with myosin filaments, the ATPase of minifilaments shows a biphasic dependence on actin concentration. Super-precipitation of minifilaments follows a well resolved clearing phase during which their structural integrity appears to be fully preserved. These results indicate that minifilaments or similar small assemblies of myosin can fulfill contractile functions. PMID- 6220013 TI - Properties and characterization of a highly purified sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase from dog cardiac and rabbit skeletal muscle. AB - Sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+-ATPase was purified from dog cardiac and rabbit skeletal muscle using Triton X-100 at optimal ratios of 0.5 for cardiac and 0.5 to 1.0 for skeletal SR. The yields of Ca2+-ATPase were 4 to 5 and 1 to 2.2 mg/100 mg of cardiac and skeletal SR protein, respectively. The enzyme activities were 547 +/- 67 mumol ADP/mg/h for cardiac and 1192 +/- 172 mumol ADP/mg/h for skeletal Ca2+-ATPase. Removal of excess Triton X-100 increased the enzyme activities to 719 +/- 70 and 1473 +/- 206 mumol ADP/mg/h, respectively. The residual content of Triton X-100 for cardiac and skeletal Ca2+-ATPase was 20 and 5 mol/mol of enzyme, respectively. Maximum levels of phosphoenzyme were 4.4 +/- 0.2 and 5.6 +/- 0.6 nmol/mg in each case. A single protein band of 100 kDa was obtained for each purified Ca2+-ATPase by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The preparations were stable at -80 degrees C for 5 months in the presence of 1 mM Ca2+. The phospholipid content of the purified enzyme was 2-fold greater than that of native cardiac and skeletal SR microsomes. Repeated washing of the purified enzyme preparation did not alter the phospholipid content or the specific activities. PMID- 6220014 TI - The T3 complex on human T lymphocytes involves four structurally distinct glycoproteins. AB - Monoclonal antibodies allow for the detection of antigens which are specific for human thymus-derived lymphocytes. Among these antigens, the T3 complex is of particular interest since it is involved in several T cell functions. The main target antigen of the anti-T3 reagents is borne by a 20-kDa glycoprotein. In addition, glycoproteins of 25-28, 37, and 44 kDa are found in anti-T3 immunoprecipitates derived from surface-labeled cells. The four antigens appeared to be strongly associated with each other in detergent-containing solutions. Comparative studies of the four proteins, facilitated by the use of endo-beta-N acetylglycosaminidase F, revealed that their polypeptide backbones have different molecular weights and pI values. Moreover, peptide maps of the 20-kDa T3 and the 25-28-kDa T3 were quite different. Metabolic labeling experiments suggested that the 25-28-kDa protein might become associated with the 20-kDa T3 antigen during biosynthesis. The 37-kDa and 44-kDa proteins could not, however, be detected and, therefore, might become associated with the 20-kDa T3 on the cell surface. Evidence has been found for the existence of a fifth member of the T3 complex, namely an unglycosylated 20-kDa T3 species. PMID- 6220015 TI - Identification of two structurally and functionally distinct sites on human platelet membrane glycoprotein IIb-IIIa using monoclonal antibodies. AB - Platelet membrane glycoprotein IIb-IIIa exists as a calcium-dependent complex of two large peptides (designated IIb and IIIa) in Triton X-100 solutions, but it remains unknown if these peptides are subunits of one glycoprotein or are actually two individual glycoproteins in the intact platelet membrane. We used crossed immunoelectrophoresis to define the epitopes of two monoclonal antibodies to IIb-IIIa, then used these antibodies to study the structural and functional organization of IIb and IIIa in the platelet membrane. Human platelets solubilized in Triton X-100 were electrophoresed through an intermediate gel containing 125I-monoclonal IgG, then into an upper gel containing rabbit anti human platelet antibodies. Our previously characterized antibody. Tab, and a new monoclonal antibody, T10, both bound to the immunoprecipitate corresponding to the IIb-IIIa complex. When platelets were electrophoresed after solubilization in 5 mM EDTA, 125I-Tab bound to the dissociated IIb polypeptide, but not to IIIa. In contrast, 125-I-T10 did not react with either IIb or IIIa. Thus, Tab recognizes a determinant on IIb, while T10 recognizes a determinant created only after the association of IIb and IIIa. Gel-filtered platelets from six normal donors bound 50,600 +/- 5,600 125I-T10 molecules/platelet and 47,800 +/- 11,200 125I-Tab molecules/platelet, consistent with IIb-IIIa being a heterodimer. 125I-T10 binding was identical in unactivated platelets and platelets stimulated with 10 microM ADP. However, platelets did not aggregate or bind 125I-fibrinogen until ADP was added. T10, but not Tab or nonimmune mouse antibody, inhibited ADP induced platelet aggregation and 125I-fibrinogen binding. Our findings suggest that IIb and IIIa exist as subunits of a single membrane glycoprotein in unstimulated platelets. Fibrinogen binding appears to require not only the interaction of IIb and IIIa, but also some additional change occurring after platelet activation. PMID- 6220016 TI - Theoretical analysis of chest wall mechanics. AB - A mathematical model of the chest wall partitioned into rib cage, diaphragmatic and abdominal components is developed consistent with published experimental observations. The model describes not only the orthodox chest wall movements (rib cage and abdomen expand together during inspiration) of the quietly breathing standing adult, but also Mueller maneuvers (inspiration against an occluded airway opening) and the paradoxical breathing patterns (rib cage contracts while abdomen expands during inspiration) observed in quadriplegia and in the newborn. The abdomen is inferred to act as a cylinder reinforced by the abdominal muscles functioning similarly to bands around a barrel. The rib cage and abdominal wall are inferred to act not as though they were directly attached to one another, but as though they were being pressed together by the skeleton. Furthermore, transabdominal pressure is visualized as acting, not across the rib cage isolated from the diaphragm, as has been suggested previously, but instead, across the combined rib cage and diaphragm acting as a deformable unit containing the lungs. PMID- 6220017 TI - The use of psychological tests in the evaluation of low-back pain. PMID- 6220018 TI - The role of intermediate vesicles in the adsorptive endocytosis and transport of ligand to lysosomes by human fibroblasts. AB - Recent work from several laboratories has suggested the participation of intermediate structures in the delivery of adsorbed ligands from the plasma membrane to lysosomes. This report presents subcellular fractionation studies bearing on the role of these structures in adsorptive pinocytosis of epidermal growth factor (EGF), beta-hexosaminidase, and low density lipoprotein (LDL) by human fibroblasts. Using a two-step Percoll density gradient fractionation, we identified newly internalized (5 min) EGF in two intermediate density structures that are essentially negative for plasma membrane marker, and more bouyant than secondary lysosomes. Continued incubation for 20 min resulted in transfer to (or conversion to) vesicles sedimenting with secondary lysosomes. Internalized beta hexosaminidase and LDL behaved similarly, appearing first in structures of intermediate density, and later appearing in association with secondary lysosomes. Two drugs, NH4Cl and monensin, were found to inhibit ligand transfer to the secondary lysosome peak, although they did not inhibit entry of bound ligands into intermediate density structures. Upon removal of both inhibitors, internalized ligands were quickly transferred to the secondary lysosome peak. This "transfer process" was faster for EGF, than for the other two ligands studied. We interpret these data to indicate that the endocytosis of these three ligands, and their delivery to lysosomes in fibroblasts, proceeds through a common pathway, involving intermediate nonlysosomal structures. PMID- 6220020 TI - Microtubule-disrupting agents can independently affect the prereplicative period and the entry into S phase stimulated by prostaglandin F2 alpha and fibroblastic growth factor. PMID- 6220019 TI - Structure and molecular weight of the dynein ATPase. AB - Dynein has been examined by scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM). Samples of 30S dynein from tetrahymena cilia were applied to carbon films and either were freeze- dried and examined as unstained, unfixed specimens, or were negatively stained with uranyl sulfate. A totally new image of the dynein molecule was revealed showing three globular heads connected by three separate strands to a common base. Two of the heads appeared to be identical and exhibited a diameter of 10 nm while the third head was somewhat larger (approximately 12 nm). The overall length of the particle was 35 nm. Mass analysis, based upon the integration of electron scattering intensities for unstained particles, gave a molecular weight of 1.95 (+/-)0.24) megadaltons. Mass per unit length analysis was performed using bovine brain microtubules decorated with dynein under conditions where the dynein shows a linear repeat of 24 nm with seven dynein molecules surrounding a microtubule made up of 14 protofilaments. Undecorated microtubules gave a molecular weight per unit length of 21,000+/-1,900 daltons/A, compared to a value of 84,400+/-2,200 daltons/A for the fully decorated microtubules. Taken together, these data give a molecular weight of 2.17 (+/- 0.14) megadaltons per dynein molecule, in agreement with measurements on the isolated particles. Mass analysis of individual globular heads observed in isolated particles gave a molecular weight distribution with a mean of 416+/- 76 kdaltons. These data could also be viewed as the sum of two populations of head with two-thirds of the heads at approximately 400 kdaltons and one-third at approximately 550 kdaltons, although more precise data will be required to distinguish two classes of heads with confidence. The mass of the dynein microtubule complex as a function of distance from the midline of the particle was analysed to distinguish which end of the dynein molecule was bound to the microtubule. The projected mass distribution was consistent with a model where the three dynein heads were oriented toward the microtubule and clearly not consistent with the opposite orientation. These data indicate that the three globular heads form the ATP-sensitive site in this heterologous dynein microtubule system and suggest that the rootlike base of the dynein molecule forms the structural attachment site to the A-subfiber of the outer doublet in cilia and flagella. The structure and function of the dynein are dicussed in terms of these new results. PMID- 6220021 TI - Biliary secretion of sodium fluorescein in primary monolayer cultures of adult rat hepatocytes and its stimulation by nicotinamide. AB - Addition of sodium fluorescein to primary cultures of rat hepatocytes resulted in a rapid uptake of the dye by the hepatocytes and a subsequent accumulation in bile canaliculi-like structures. A similar distribution was obtained with fluorescein diacetate. Concentrations of Na-fluorescein accumulating within canaliculi varied over a wide range, often far exceeding that used in the medium. Ouabain strongly blocked cellular uptake, thus also impairing secretion of Na fluorescein, whereas colchicine affected neither process. Taurolithocholate had virtually no influence on uptake, but markedly reduced the number of fluorescent canaliculi. Furthermore, fluorescent canaliculi could be discharged by addition of I M-sucrose in Hank's buffer, without affecting viability of the cultured cells. The percentage of canicular structures accumulating high amounts of Na fluorescein markedly increased during cultivation for 7 days, concomitant with the progressive development of originally small and sporadic canaliculi into an anastomosing network of slender channels. This canalicular proliferation was strikingly reinforced by 20 mM-nicotinamide, resulting in an impressive network of canaliculi within 2-3 days. Nicotinamide also supported the secretion of Na fluorescein, which could be stimulated further by addition of dehydrocholate. These results suggest that cultured hepatocytes are able to re-create a functional biliary polarity at least with respect to the biliary secretion of Na fluorescein. PMID- 6220022 TI - Rapid simultaneous assay of serum estrone, estradiol, and estriol in pregnant women using methyl ether acetate derivatives by capillary gas chromatography and electron-impact mass spectrometry. AB - A simple gas chromatographic--mass spectrometric method capable of measuring estrone, estradiol, and estriol simultaneously with a sensitivity close to that of radioimmunoassay has been developed. The estrogens in serum were extracted with diethyl ether, and internal standards (3-O-C2H3-estrone, 3-O-C2H3-estradiol, and 3-O-C2H3-estriol) were added, followed by converting to methyl ether compounds with an extractive alkylation procedure. The methyl ethers were then acetylated. Analyses were performed using a SP-2250 capillary column gas chromatograph coupled with an electron-impact mass spectrometer. The estrogen methyl ether acetate derivatives were more stable chemically and gave less fragmentation upon electron impact than the conventional trimethylsilyl derivatives. The use of selected ion monitoring of molecular ions and that of the corresponding internal standards (M + 3) provides a sensitivity down to 10 pg for estrone and estradiol and to 200 pg for estriol. The time required for the preparation of multiple samples is within 4 hours. PMID- 6220023 TI - High-performance liquid chromatography of pefloxacin and its main active metabolites in biological fluids. AB - We describe a high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method for the analysis of pefloxacin, a new antibacterial agent, in plasma and urine following administration of a therapeutic dose in humans. HPLC assay of pefloxacin and its two main active metabolites in urine is also described. The applicability of the methods to pharmacokinetic studies of pefloxacin in humans is demonstrated. PMID- 6220024 TI - Quantitative determination of cardiotonic agent MDL 17,043 in plasma by reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 6220025 TI - Estrone and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfatase activities in normal and pathological human endometrium biopsies. AB - The properties of estrone (E1) and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) sulfatase activities are reported. Endometrial biopsy specimens were obtained using a Novak curette. Cycle stage was assessed from histological dating of endometrium, plasma estradiol and progesterone levels, and patient history. Both sulfatases are membrane-bound enzymes. The optimum pHs in Tris-HCl buffer were 6.5 for E1 sulfatase and 7.3 for DHEA sulfatase. Lowest activities and different optimum pHs were obtained with imidazole, maleate, or acetate buffers. DHEA sulfatase is more sensitive to thermal inactivation than E1 sulfatase. From kinetic studies, apparent Km values of 3.1 microM for E1 sulfatase and 5.7 microM for DHEA sulfatase were calculated. Noncompetitive inhibition of E1 sulfatase by DHEA sulfate and of DHEA sulfatase by E1 sulfate were demonstrated. The effects of inorganic ions and unconjugated steroids were also tested. These results are consistent with two different activities hydrolyzing E1 or DHEA sulfates. Neither activity varies during normal menstrual cycles nor is not correlated to plasma progesterone or 17 beta-estradiol levels. An isolated increase in E1 sulfatase occurred in the proliferative phase of irregular menstrual cycles, postantibiotic treated salpingitis, or hyperplastic endometrium. PMID- 6220026 TI - Subnormal plasma dehydroisoandrosterone to cortisol ratio in anorexia nervosa: a second hormonal parameter of ontogenic regression. PMID- 6220027 TI - Progesterone and estrogen production by placental monolayer cultures: effect of dehydroepiandrosterone and luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone. AB - The effect of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHA) and LRH on estrogen and progesterone production by cultured placental cells has been investigated. Placental monolayer cultures were established by trypsin dispersion of term placental villi and were maintained for 5 days in culture medium containing either no steroid or 10(-7) - 10(-5)M DHA, DHA sulfate (DHAS), or 16 alpha-hydroxy-DHA (16 alpha-OH DHA), in all cases with and without the addition of 2 X 10(-7) or 2 X 10(-6)M LRH. The cultures were changed every 24 h, and the media collected were analyzed for estrogen and progesterone by RIA. 17 beta-Estradiol production was dependent on the presence of DHA or DHAS in the medium and increased in proportion to the concentration of precursor added. Similarly, estriol was produced in proportion to the amount of 16 alpha-OH DHA added to the medium. At the same time, high concentrations (10(-5) M) of DHA and DHAS, but not 16 alpha-OH DHA, markedly suppressed progesterone production. LRH had an inhibitory effect on both progesterone and estrogen output by the cultures. These studies suggest that not only the fetus, through its increasing adrenal production of DHA and DHAS toward term, but the placenta itself, through its production of LRH, could modulate placental steroid synthesis. PMID- 6220028 TI - Metabolism of dehydroisoandrosterone and androstenedione in human pulmonary endothelial cells in culture. AB - The capacity of endothelial cells from pulmonary arteries and veins to convert dehydroisoandrosterone (3 beta-hydroxy-5-androsten-17-one) and androstenedione to potent, biologically active steroids was investigated. The metabolites of [3H]dehydroisoandrosterone produced in pulmonary artery endothelial cells were androstenedione and 5-androstene-3 beta, 17 beta-diol. The metabolites isolated from incubation of pulmonary arterial cells with [3H]androstenedione were testosterone, 5 alpha-androstane-3,17-dione, 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone (17 beta hydroxy-5 alpha-androstan-3-one), isoandrosterone (3 beta-hydroxy-5 alpha androstan-17-one), and androsterone. The products of [3H]androstenedione metabolism in human pulmonary venous cells were the same as those formed in arterial cells, and in addition, 5 alpha-androstane-3 alpha,17 beta-diol and 5 alpha-androstane-3 beta, 17 beta-diol were formed. The rates of metabolite formation from [3H]androstenedione in pulmonary arterial and venous endothelial cells were linear with incubation time up to 3 h. These findings suggest that the pulmonary endothelium is an important site for the metabolism of dehydroisoandrosterone and androstenedione in the human lung. Endothelial cells produce the same metabolites as human lung tissue, with the exception of hydroxylated steroids. PMID- 6220029 TI - Comparison of tryptic soy broth with tryptic soy broth supplemented with sucrose in the septi-chek blood culture system. AB - The performance of tryptic soy broth (TSB) was compared with TSB supplemented with 10% sucrose (TSB-S) in the Septi-Chek blood culture system (Roche Diagnostics, Div. Hoffmann-La Roche Inc.). A total of 2,292 sets of blood cultures were evaluated. Although slightly more isolates were recovered in the TSB bottle in comparison with the TSB-S bottle, there was no significant difference between the two medium formulations in the recovery of either gram positive or gram-negative bacteria. Significantly more isolates of fungi were recovered in the TSB bottles. At least 94% of all isolates were detected by day 3 of incubation in both the TSB and TSB-S bottles. Thus, the addition of sucrose to TSB did not result in greater total recovery or faster recovery of the isolates detected in this study. PMID- 6220030 TI - Immune-mediated thrombocytopenia of malaria. AB - Thrombocytopenia frequently complicates malarial infections but the mechanism has not been elucidated. We studied 28 patients with malarial infections and noted that 16 of 17 thrombocytopenic patients had elevated levels of platelet associated IgG (PAIgG). In all thrombocytopenic patients studied, the level of PAIgG returned to normal as the platelet count rose to normal levels. To study the mechanism of the elevated platelet-bound IgG, IgG and F(ab')2 from patients with recurrent Plasmodium falciparum infections was purified and radiolabeled. Labeled and unlabeled P. falciparum antigen was also prepared. IgG did not nonspecifically bind to malaria-damaged platelets. Binding studies with 3H malarial antigen demonstrated platelets have saturable binding sites for malarial antigen. Increasing concentrations of malarial antigen displaced the 125I-IgG antimalarial antibody from the platelets. The binding of 125I-IgG and 125I F(ab')2 was similar and this excluded significant immune complex binding. The thrombocytopenia that complicates at least some malarial infections is caused by immune mechanisms; specific IgG binds to platelet-bound malaria antigen through the Fab portion of the immunoglobulin molecule. PMID- 6220031 TI - An epidemic of infection with Trichophyton tonsurans revealed in a 20-year survey of fungal infections in Chicago. AB - Trichophyton tonsurans has long been recognized as an important, but hitherto uncommon, cause of tinea capitis in the United States. Today it is known to be more common, but infection of the glabrous skin by this organism is still not well appreciated. In an epidemiologic study during the two decades from 1961 to 1980, 1,292 isolates of thirteen species of dermatophytes were obtained from patients at Cook County Hospital, Chicago. During the last 3 years of study, T. tonsurans accounted for 207 cases (96%) of tinea capitis and ninety-seven cases (75%) of tinea corporis. Ninety-five percent of cases of tinea capitis caused by T. tonsurans occurred in children (59% girls, 41% boys). By contrast, 62% of cases of tinea corporis caused by that organism occurred in adults. Substantially more women than men were affected in a ratio of nearly six to one. The majority of the women were between 15 and 29 years of age; about half of all had lesions on the arm. Over the past 20 years, T. tonsurans has emerged as a major cause of both tinea capitis and tinea corporis in Chicago. The disproportionate number of cases of tinea corporis in women of childbearing age may be due to their more frequent contact with infected children. PMID- 6220032 TI - Dermatologic signs in toxic shock syndrome--clues to diagnosis. AB - A diffuse scarlatiniform erythroderma, bulbar conjunctival hyperemia, and striking palmar edema were impressive findings in two patients who developed toxic shock syndrome (TSS). In addition to the rash which is always seen, the latter two features have been observed in high frequency in this condition and when present are useful aids in the diagnosis of this disease. PMID- 6220033 TI - Sporotrichosis acquired from a cat. PMID- 6220034 TI - Complications from prolonged topical steroid therapy. PMID- 6220035 TI - Computed tomography and peritoneoscopy for detection of liver metastases: review of Mayo Clinic experience. AB - The effectiveness of computed tomography (CT) and peritoneoscopy in detecting liver metastasis was studied by review of 97 cases in which both of these procedures and also biopsy or autopsy were performed. Tissue examinations disclosed hepatic lesions in 45 cases. The sensitivity of CT and peritoneoscopy was 89 and 62%, respectively; and their specificity 94 and 96%. In 35% of biopsy proven cases, CT detected lesions not visible at peritoneoscopy; and in 7% peritoneoscopy revealed lesions not shown by CT. The difference resulted from the more frequent occurrence of liver metastases in locations more suitable for CT detection. The results suggest that CT should be tried before peritoneoscopy (other considerations being equal), and that CT guidance for biopsy deserves more frequent use. The reliability of negative CT or peritoneoscopy findings remains uncertain, since autopsy has been obtained in only 3 of the 52 negative cases. PMID- 6220036 TI - Three theories of psychological development: implications for children's dentistry. PMID- 6220037 TI - A criterion-referenced self-instructional format for teaching child management skills in the clinic. PMID- 6220038 TI - Expanded role of the argon laser in plastic surgery. AB - It has been proven that intense argon laser light is very useful in the treatment of port-wine hemangiomas and tattoos. However, lasers can successfully treat many other benign cutaneous lesions. This article reports the first use of the argon laser for granuloma faciale and hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia. In addition, we have also successfully treated venous lakes, senile angiomas, pyogenic granulomas, acne rosacea, and nevus of Ota. PMID- 6220039 TI - Prospective study of the psychiatric disorders of childbirth by self report questionnaire. AB - Two self report questionnaires, the Anxiety and Depression scales of Bedford and Foulds (SAD), and 10 visual analogue scales were each administered on several occasions during pregnancy and the puerperium to a representative sample of 425 childbearing women. Those women who each completed the analogue scales during pregnancy at 12 and 23 weeks and at 1 week and 5 months after childbirth (N = 230) showed no association between depression or anxiety and either the gravidity or method of delivery on any of the four occasions. Depression, anxiety and tearfulness on the visual analogue scales increased significantly 1 week after delivery, when compared with the other 3 occasions. The SAD failed to detect an increase in depression or anxiety at this time and its validity during pregnancy was also not satisfactory. Only 3 women were referred to a psychiatrist during the study, none of whom had an affective illness. PMID- 6220040 TI - Distal colon motility and clinical parameters in depression. AB - Eighty-six patients suffering from nonpsychotic unipolar major depressive disorder, according to Research Diagnostic Criteria, were rated on a modified Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRS). All completed the self-rating Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Distal colon motility (dcm) studies, performed in all the patients, differentiated two types: low intestinal tone (low-IT) = 40 subjects, and high intestinal tone (high-IT) = 46 subjects. Low-IT depressed patients showed a statistically significant preponderance in the HRS items 'retardation', 'somatization', 'fatigability', 'hypochondriasis' and 'obsessional symptoms'. The high-IT depressed patients, on the other hand, showed preponderance in the items 'guilt', 'suicide', 'insomnia', 'agitation', 'anxiety psychic', 'loss of insight', 'depersonalization' and 'paranoid symptoms'. A positive correlation (r) was found between HRS- and BDI-mean total scores. In addition, a positive correlation (r) was found between HRS scores and distal colon tone in high-IT patients, although the same was not true for low-IT patients. Our results suggest the existence of two subtypes of depressive syndromes, distinguishable on the basis of distal colon motility profiles. PMID- 6220041 TI - Distal colon motility as a predictor of antidepressant response to fenfluramine, imipramine and clomipramine. AB - The present study gathers results obtained in the treatment of 86 depressed outpatients. The patients were grouped according to their distal colon tone, low IT and high-IT. All the patients fulfilled the Research Diagnostic Criteria for nonpsychotic unipolar major depressive disorder and were rated on a slightly modified 18-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRS). They also completed the 21-item self-rating Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). The 46 subjects from the high-IT group and the 40 subjects from the low-IT group were divided into three subgroups each for double-blind trials performed with clomipramine (CMI), imipramine (IMI), and fenfluramine (FENF). Normalization of HRS and BDI scores and reduction of IT were obtained with IMI and FENF but not CMI in high-IT patients; whereas normalization of both scores and increase in IT were obtained with CMI but not with IMI or FENF in low-IT patients. FENF was not tolerated in this last group. HRS and BDI scores correlated well during in-treatment periods. Our results suggest that distal colon tone is a guide to determining the pharmacotherapy in the depressive disorders. Furthermore, it was shown that FENF is a useful anti-depressant drug in one type of patient. PMID- 6220042 TI - Symptoms of depression among adolescents and young adults. PMID- 6220043 TI - Neurological soft signs in manic patients. A comparison with Schizophrenic and control groups. PMID- 6220044 TI - Recurrent psychotic depression. Evidence of diagnostic stability. AB - A review of the research comparing psychotic and nonpsychotic depression gives considerable evidence to support the view that these groups are distinct diagnostic subtypes. A representative sample of the research favoring this view is presented. Particular note is made of Charney and Nelson's data on stability of diagnosis. Our finding of 92.3% of psychotic depressives experiencing previous and/or subsequent psychotic episodes is consistent with Charney and Nelson's findings. Additional support for stability of diagnosis is the rare occurrence of nonpsychotic depression found after the index psychotic admission. Clinical and research implications are discussed. PMID- 6220045 TI - Platelet MAO, personality and response to lithium prophylaxis. AB - Patients with bipolar affective disorder and who were maintained on long lithium prophylaxis were evaluated retrospectively regarding response to lithium. Good responders to lithium prophylaxis were compared to non-responders and to normal controls on platelet MAO activity, and on psychological variables (Eysenck's extraversion, neuroticism, psychoticism and lie scale; Foulds' extrapunitiveness, intropunitiveness and dominance). Lithium responders, non-responders and normal controls had similar platelet MAO activity. There was a tendency for higher plasma lithium levels to be associated with higher platelet MAO activity in male patients but not in females. Lithium non-responders exhibited significant correlations between their platelet MAO activity and their test scores on psychoticism, and extraversion. Lithium non-responders, compared to responders and normals, showed abnormal personality profiles on neuroticism, and dominance. PMID- 6220046 TI - Tryptophan and tyrosine ratios to neutral amino acids in endogenous depression. Relation to antidepressant response to amitriptyline and lithium + L-tryptophan. AB - The plasma ratios of tryptophan and tyrosine to those amino acids that compete with them during transport across the blood-brain barrier have been determined in depressed patients before and after treatment for four weeks with amitriptyline or lithium + L-tryptophan. There was no relation between the absolute plasma concentrations of free or total tryptophan or tyrosine and the clinical response to amitriptyline. There was also no relation between pre-treatment ratio of plasma tyrosine to competing amino acids and response to amitriptyline, but depressives with subnormal tryptophan ratio improved significantly more than patients with supernormal tryptophan ratio with comparable serum drug levels. The therapeutic response to lithium + L-tryptophan was predicted neither by the absolute plasma concentrations of free or total tryptophan or tyrosine nor by the tyrosine ratio, but there was also a trend towards greater improvement in patients with subnormal compared with supernormal tryptophan ratio. The results suggest that the pre-treatment plasma ratio of tryptophan to competing amino acids is a useful predictor of clinical response to amitriptyline. The possible mode of action of amitriptyline and lithium + L-tryptophan is briefly discussed. PMID- 6220047 TI - Flupenthixol in depression. A study of serum levels and prolactin response. AB - The relationship between improvement in symptomatology and changes in prolactin and serum cis-flupenthixol levels has been evaluated in 16 patients with a clinical diagnosis of depression, who were treated with 1 or 2 mg of flupenthixol in a once daily morning dose. No significant differences in clinical response were noted between those on 1 and 2 mg, and side effects were few. The presentation of some side effects, in particular extrapyramidal symptoms, were related to higher serum levels and prolactin levels particularly in the early stages of the study. Improvements in depressive symptoms were unrelated to serum levels, but at day 56 of the trial were positively correlated to changes in prolactin levels. Improvements in anxiety symptoms were positively related to serum levels at day 3 but negatively related at day 56. These results are discussed in the light of possible influences of dopamine antagonism in relation to an antidepressant effect. PMID- 6220048 TI - Assortative mating for major affective disorder. AB - The families of 26 married bipolar manic depressives were examined in detail. The rate of affective disorder in their spouses, and the parents and siblings of their spouses, was ascertained. The prevalence of affective disorder among the parents and siblings and of the spouses of age- and social class-matched schizophrenics and well controls was also ascertained. Finally, the prevalence of affective and other psychiatric disorders in the adult offspring of the bipolar probands was ascertained and related to the presence or absence of affective disorder in the spouse. We did not find clear evidence of assortative mating for major affective disorder, although dual mating for affective disorder had the expected result of increasing the risk for affective disorder in the adult offspring. PMID- 6220049 TI - Symposium on the present status of reperfusion of the acutely ischemic myocardium. Part I. Introduction. PMID- 6220050 TI - Racial differences in cardiac adaptation to essential hypertension determined by echocardiographic indexes. AB - Epidemiologic data point to racial differences in cardiac adaptation to hypertension. In this study, echocardiography and measurement of systemic hemodynamics were performed in 30 black and 30 white patients with untreated essential hypertension. Each black patient was matched with a white patient for age, sex and mean arterial pressure. Wall thickness measurements were similar, but left ventricular mass index was significantly increased in blacks (probability [p] less than 0.05). There was a nonsignificant increase in the number of black patients with posterior wall thickness greater than 1.1 cm. Only in black patients was posterior wall thickness related to systolic (r = 0.45; p = 0.008) and diastolic (r = 0.44; p = 0.0042) pressure and to total peripheral resistance (r = 0.32; p less than 0.046). Thus, although ventricular wall thickness changes are similar in black and white patients, qualitative differences exist in the cardiac adaptive process to systemic hypertension. PMID- 6220051 TI - Degradation of the insecticide fensulfothion by a mixed culture of soil microorganisms. AB - Fensulfothion was incubated in nutrient media with a mixed culture of soil microorganisms obtained from sandy loam. The half life of fensulfothion in both inoculated samples and sterile controls was about 16 wk. There was some conversion to fensulfothion sulfone (16% at 6 wk) in inoculated samples, but not in the controls. Traces of fensulfothion sulfide were found in both inoculated samples (less than 3%) and controls (less than 2%). When 1% ethanol was added to the inoculated nutrient mixture the fensulfothion disappeared rapidly (t1/2 congruent to 1 1/2 wk) with 32% conversion at 20 wk to fensulfothion sulfide. PMID- 6220053 TI - Cervicobrachial and low-back disorders among school lunch workers and nursery school teachers in comparison with cash-register operators. PMID- 6220052 TI - Intravascular fibrinolysis of small-vessel thrombosis. AB - The effect of intraarterial fibrinolysin infusion on the prevention and treatment of vascular thrombosis in arterial and venous systems of large and small dogs was studied by use of a free groin flap model. Vessel patency and clot lysis after microvascular repair of the superficial caudal epigastric artery and vein were compared in 14 dogs that received prophylactic infusion of fibrinolysin and in 10 control dogs that did not. In 22 additional dogs, after the formation of a standard fibrin clot, arterial infusion of fibrinolysin was performed to determine its therapeutic effect on fibrin clot lysis. The results demonstrate that, after blunt trauma to peripheral vessels in the dog, prophylactic infusion of fibrinolysin has no significant effect on either vessel patency or percentage of local thrombus formation at the anastomatic site. From a therapeutic standpoint, fibrinolysin was effective in fibrin clot lysis in the large vessels (internal diameter 1.8 to 3.0 mm) of 7 of 10 dogs infused within 48 hours after thrombus formation, but was not effective in the small vessels (internal diameter 0.8 to 1.5 mm) of 11 of 12 small dogs with infusion as early as 1 hour after thrombus formation. The therapeutic effectiveness of the fibrinolytic agents to lyse preformed thromboses in small vessels appears doubtful. PMID- 6220054 TI - Isolation of cross-linked IgE-receptor complexes from rat macrophages. AB - Receptors for IgE on macrophages have been characterized by binding assays (1-3), but to date there has been only one report on the isolation of this receptor from macrophages, with use of the cell line U937 (4). In that report the receptor was isolated by using a heavily absorbed polyclonal antibody raised against lymphocytes bearing receptors for IgE (5). Monomeric IgE binds so weakly to macrophages that affinity chromatography of IgE-receptor complexes, such as has been used for isolation of the receptors for IgE on basophils (6) and for IgG on macrophages (7), cannot be readily accomplished. We have used oligomers of IgE to enhance the binding of IgE to macrophages (3), but this alone would not be sufficient because--depending on whether the receptors are multi- or univalent- once the cells are solubilized, multipoint attachment would again be reduced if not abrogated. In this report we describe the use of cross-linking reagents to stabilize further the interaction between IgE and its receptor on peritoneal macrophages. With this approach we have found that the receptor is likely to be composed of two chains whose gross properties are similar to the polypeptides constituting the receptor with high affinity for monomeric IgE on rat basophilic leukemia cells and mast cells. PMID- 6220055 TI - Monoclonal anti-Lyt-2 antibodies block the activation of cytolytic T lymphocyte precursors. AB - In the present study, we reinvestigated the effects of anti-Lyt-2 monoclonal antibodies (mAb) on the generation of H-2K/D-specific Lyt-2+ cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTL). A sensitive limiting dilution microculture system supplemented with a source of interleukin 2 (IL 2) was employed to provide a minimal estimation of the frequency of CTL precursors (CTL-P) in normal spleen or mixed leukocyte culture (MLC) populations. The addition of anti-Lyt-2 (but not anti-Thy 1) mAb at culture initiation caused an average 78% reduction in the number of CTL P within spleen cell populations that were activated by allogeneic stimulation. Most CTL that were generated from Lyt-2+ CTL-P in the presence of anti-Lyt-2 mAb were not inhibited in cytolysis by such mAb, whereas the majority of CTL generated in the absence of anti-Lyt-2 were inhibitable. In contrast to normal spleen, the frequency of (operationally defined) CTL-P that had been activated for 5 days in primary MLC was unaffected by the presence of anti-Lyt-2 mAb. Collectively, these results demonstrate that anti-Lyt-2 mAb are capable of inhibiting the antigen-dependent activation of normal splenic precursors of Lyt 2+ CTL. The fact that IL 2 could not overcome the inhibition suggests that anti Lyt-2 mAb may have affected the expression of IL 2 receptors as a direct consequence of inhibiting CTL-P antigen recognition. PMID- 6220056 TI - Depletion of human NK cells with monoclonal antibodies allows the generation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes without NK-like cells in mixed cultures. AB - In vitro stimulation of human mononuclear cells with x-irradiated autologous lymphoblastoid cell line (LCL) or allogeneic normal cells in mixed leukocyte cultures (MLC) was previously shown to result in the generation of OKT3+ OKT8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) lytic for allogeneic and autologous LCLs and also of natural killer- (NK) like cells that are OKT3- and primarily OKT8- and are lytic for HLA- NK-sensitive K562 cells. The origin of the NK-like cells was not previously known because, although the majority of fresh human NK cells react with monoclonal antibodies OKM1 and B73.1, lymphocytes bearing these markers are not detected several days after the onset of MLC, when NK-like cells are present. In this study, experiments were undertaken to determine whether NK-like cells generated after stimulation with x-irradiated pooled allogeneic normal cells (poolx) or with autologous LCL are derived from cells expressing antigens reactive with monoclonal antibodies OKM1 or B73.1, which react with fresh NK cells. Mononuclear cells, depleted of monocytes, were stained with OKM1 or B73.1 and fluorescein-labeled goat anti-mouse IgG. Lymphocytes depleted of OKM1+ or B73.1+ cells, by fluorescence-activated cell sorting, and lymphocytes that were stained but not sorted were stimulated for 7 days with either poolx or autologous LCL. The generation of NK-like activity was decreased at least 90% after depletion of cells reactive with OKM1 or B73.1, whereas the generation of CTL against autologous and allogeneic LCL was minimally affected. These findings show that NK-like cells generated in MLC are derived from cells that express the phenotype of fresh NK cells (OKM1+ or B73.1+) and that CTL can be generated in cultures in which relatively little NK-like activity is concomitantly detected, by depleting NK cells with monoclonal antibodies before stimulation. PMID- 6220057 TI - Analysis of murine T lymphocyte markers during the early phases of GvH-associated suppression of cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses. AB - Graft-vs-host- (GvH) associated immune-suppression was generated by injecting nonirradiated (B6 X C3H)F1 hybrid mice with 40 to 60 X 10(6) B6 or C3H parental spleen cells. Susceptibility to suppression as well as the potential of parental donor lymphocytes to generate suppressor activity was investigated in allogeneic cytotoxic T cell responses by mixing spleen cells from the inoculated F1 recipients with syngeneic responder cells from untreated mice. The susceptibility to suppression in F1 recipients, as well as the potential of parental lymphocytes to induce suppression in F1 mice, varied with the age of the mice. Cellular analysis revealed that GvH-suppression was mediated by 500 R radiosensitive parental T cells during the period tested (from day 5 until day 8 after injection of B6 parental spleen cells). In contrast, selected F1 lymphocytes from recipients injected with parental spleen cells failed to exhibit suppressor cell activity. The sensitivity of parental GvH suppressor cells to anti-Lyt reagents was time dependent. Thus, suppressor cells were sensitive to monoclonal anti-Lyt 1 or anti-Lyt-2 and C (usually until day 7 after injection of parental spleen cells); subsequently, suppression became insensitive to anti-Lyt-1, but remained sensitive to anti-Lyt-2 and C treatment. PMID- 6220058 TI - Inhibition of ongoing myeloma IgE synthesis in vitro by activated human T cells. AB - The ability of activated T cells to suppress ongoing IgE synthesis in vitro was assessed using U266--a human myeloma cell line spontaneously producing IgE. T cells were able to inhibit U266 IgE synthesis in the presence of 10 micrograms/ml of Con A by 41.8% (p less than 0.01). T cells preincubated with 10 or 50 micrograms/ml of Con A and washed extensively were still able to inhibit U266 IgE synthesis in the absence of Con A by 41 and 46% (p less than 0.05 and p less than 0.02, respectively). The decrease in IgE measured was due to inhibition of newly formed IgE by U266, as shown by control experiments with cycloheximide. The inhibition was not due to the simple depletion of nutrient growth factors by the activated T cells, as it did not occur with MOLT-4, T cells that are very active metabolically; nor could it be reversed with medium containing IL 2 and B cell growth factors. Culture supernatants of Con A-activated T cells were also able to suppress IgE synthesis by U266 (21%; p less than 0.01), which suggests that upon appropriate activation, T cells secrete material(s) with inhibitory properties for IgE synthesis. Activation of T cells by mixed lymphocyte culture using puromycin-treated lymphoblastoid cell lines as stimulators also generated T cells that had suppressive activity for IgE synthesis. T cells activated with Con A and subsequently incubated with IgE demonstrated a diminished ability to suppress IgE synthesis. This observation is in agreement with the finding that patients with high levels of IgE may lack isotype-specific suppressor T cells for spontaneous IgE secretion. However, T cells from such patients have so far shown variable loss of IgE suppressive function. These results suggest that human IgE synthesis is susceptible to inhibition at a very differentiated stage, and this may be important in expression of allergic diseases. PMID- 6220059 TI - Suppression of lymphocyte proliferative responses: characterization of the suppressor and kinetics of suppression. AB - Culturing spleen cells for 2 or more days in the absence of mitogenic stimulation results in the generation of suppressor cells that can effectively inhibit the proliferative responses of freshly prepared spleen cells to mitogen or alloantigen stimulation. Suppression does not appear to be mediated by prostaglandins nor other soluble factors produced during the preculture period. The suppressor cell is described as a plastic-adherent Thy-1.2-, IgM-, FcR+ macrophage-like cell. Significant suppression of Con A responses can be detected at suppressor to target ratios as low as 1:100. The plastic-adherent suppressor is capable of terminating Con A-induced proliferation of spleen cells whether added at the onset of the Con A response or added as late as 48 hr after mitogenic stimulation. The suppressed spleen cell population displays an absence of large blast cells and a decrease in surface density of Thy-1.2 determinants. PMID- 6220060 TI - The ontogeny of antigen-presenting cells in fetal thymus evaluated by MLR stimulation. AB - This study demonstrates that cells with the characteristics of antigen-presenting cells (APC) are present in murine thymus from as early as 14 days gestation, around the time that T lymphopoiesis is initiated in the embryo. Thymic APC were identified as la+ adherent cells capable of presenting alloantigens to T cells in MLC. The possible role of these cells in thymocyte differentiation is discussed. PMID- 6220061 TI - Effect of fractional cyclophosphamide dosage on sheep red blood cell-delayed-type hypersensitivity response in mice. AB - The CY-enhancing effect on DTH response of mice against SRBC was studied by administering to sensitized animals graded amounts of drug at various times during the immune response. The use of a staggered schedule for CY administration made it clear that this enhancing effect could be augmented even further by lowering the standard 200 mg/kg CY dose. Animals immunized on day 0 with 1 X 10(8) SRBC receiving 50 mg/kg doses on days -1, +1, and +4 showed higher DTH responses on day +7 than those similarly sensitized 1 day after the administration of 200 mg/kg body weight. In addition, we wanted to demonstrate that the TDTH effector cell is sensitive to CY in vivo, because a single 50 mg/kg dose inoculated on day +6 can lower by 50% an already established DTH response. This effect was not due to an effect of CY treatment on bone marrow-derived cells recruited to DTH responses; inhibition of DTH responses were transferred with spleen cells of CY-treated recipients. The action of CY is not dose-dependent; the administration on day +6 of a single dose of 200 mg/kg results in no further depression of the DTH reaction. We conclude that CY affects not only T supp cells, but also cell type(s) involved in the cell-mediated response of mice against SRBC, and that the DTH-enhancing effect of the drug is a blend of its action upon all these cells. PMID- 6220062 TI - Expression of C3b receptors on human be cells and myelomonocytic cells but not natural killer cells. AB - We have examined natural killer (NK) cells, B cells and myelomonocytic cells at different stages of differentiation for the expression of surface C3b receptors (C3bR). Receptor presence was detected using affinity-purified F(ab')2 anti-C3bR antibodies in indirect immunofluorescence assays. NK cells, identified in fetal and adult tissues by the monoclonal antibody HNK-1, were C3bR- except for infrequent C3bR+ HNK-1+ cells in some blood samples. NK cells were not induced to express C3bR by exposure to interferon, target cells, or phorbol myristate acetate. B cells gradually acquired the ability to express C3bR with maturity: 15% of large pre-B cells were C3bR+, 35 to 48% of small pre-B, 60 to 80% of immature B, and 99% of mature B cells. Mature plasma cells were rarely C3bR+. Myelomonocytic cells acquire C3bR relatively late during their development, with neutrophils beginning to express C3bR during the band stage of differentiation. All adult blood myelomonocytic lineage cells, identified by the monoclonal antibody MMA and by morphology, were C3bR+. PMID- 6220063 TI - Cellular basis of defective cell-mediated lympholysis in atopic dermatitis. AB - Peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) from patients with atopic dermatitis (A.D.) were examined for their capacity to generate cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) during mixed lymphocyte cultures (MLC). Cell-mediated lympholysis (CML) activity, but not proliferative response during MLC, was significantly decreased (p less than 0.01) in patients with A.D. (n = 19) compared with normal controls (n = 19) or patients with other skin diseases (n = 14). Regression analysis revealed a significant correlation (p less than 0.001) between CML activity and the percentage of circulating T8+ suppressor/cytotoxic T cells. Deficient CML activity in A.D. patients, however, was not corrected when isolated autologous T4+ and T8+ cells were recombined at a normal ratio (2:1) of T4+ to T8+ cells. Examination of CML activity in co-cultures of isolated T4+ and T8+ cells obtained from two A.D. patients and their respective HLA-identical healthy siblings indicated that the defect in CML resided in both the helper/inducer T4+ cells and the effector T8+ cells. The defective cytotoxic T cell function reported in the present study may account for the increased susceptibility of patients with A.D. to develop severe viral infections. PMID- 6220064 TI - Permeability of the blood cerebrospinal fluid barrier during acute immune complex disease. AB - Changes in the permeability of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and blood cerebrospinal fluid (blood-CSF) barrier in rabbits were assessed by using a sensitive double isotope technique at different times after the induction of acute immune complex disease (AICD). Induction of AICD was done with a single large dose of bovine serum albumin, whereas controls received only saline. Animals were sacrificed 6, 9, 12, 15, and 18 days after induction. Extravasation of protein was measured by injecting rabbits i.v. with 131I-rabbit serum albumin (RSA) 24 hr before sacrifice. In order to correct for intravascular blood volume, 125I-RSA was injected 5 min before sacrifice. Extravascular blood equivalents (EVBE), a measure of barrier permeability, were elevated in the CSF of rabbits sacrificed on days 12 and 15. None of the brain regions from any of the animal groups showed any changes or significant differences from controls in EVBE values on these days. These results indicate that there was an increase in the permeability of the blood-CSF barrier to radiolabeled albumin but not in the BBB proper during the time that CSF IgG levels were elevated in AICD. The potential significance of these findings for the mechanisms mediating central nervous system involvement in systemic lupus erythematosus is discussed. PMID- 6220065 TI - Impaired immunoregulation in systemic lupus erythematosus: defective adenosine induced suppressor T lymphocyte generation. AB - It is currently unclear whether the suppressor cell dysfunction observed during active systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) reflects a primary T cell disorder or one that results from immunologic modulation of suppressor T cell activity by autoantibodies. To determine whether the suppressor T cell dysfunction of active SLE is the result of a primary T cell disorder, the model of adenosine-induced immunosuppression was utilized to study the suppressor T cell functions of 12 patients with SLE (seven active SLE, five inactive SLE) and 12 matched healthy controls. T lymphocyte phenotyping was performed by utilizing monoclonal antibodies directed against T cell-specific determinants. Suppressor T cell functions were assessed by two assays in parallel. The first technique tested the capacity of two suppressor T cell subsets (spontaneous suppressors, Ts; adenosine inducible suppressors, TRA) to inhibit pokeweed mitogen- (PWM) induced B cell differentiation. In the second technique, the ability of enriched T cell preparations to suppress mitogen- and alloantigen-induced proliferation was assayed. It was demonstrated that brief treatment of the control theophylline resistant T lymphocyte (TR) subset possessing inducer/helper activity with adenosine (10(-5) M, 30 min, 37 degrees C) triggered a rapid shift in phenotype (RFC gamma -, T-4+ leads to RFC gamma +, T-8+) in a proportion of the subset, and the development of radioresistant suppressor function. By contrast, exposure of active SLE TR to adenosine failed to induce either the switch of phenotype or suppressor activity. When compared to controls, both the TS and TRA suppressors failed to inhibit B cell differentiation (TS, p less than 0.001; TRA, p less than 0.001). Moreover, enriched T cell preparations incompletely suppressed the proliferative responses to phytohemagglutinin (p less than 0.003), PWM (p less than 0.0003), or alloantigens (p less than 0.01). During inactive SLE, the T cell responses were usually restored. Treatment of the TR subsets with adenosine induced a switch of phenotype in four of five patients and the subsequent expression of effective suppressor function. We conclude that a) during active SLE, there is impaired suppression of proliferation and B cell differentiation; b) the impaired suppression of B cell differentiation results from abnormal spontaneous (TS) and adenosine-inducible (TRA) suppressor functions; c) the defective generation of suppressor T cell function during active disease results, in part, from a block in the transition from inducer/helper to suppressor cell; and, d) the suppressor T cell dysfunction is reversible with disease remission. The investigation of immunopharmacologic events by using the adenosine-induced immuno-suppression model in T cells from normal donors and SLE patients may provide insights into the molecular basis of disordered immunoregulation in SLE. PMID- 6220066 TI - Identification of profound peripheral T lymphocyte immunodeficiencies in the spontaneously diabetic BB rat. AB - The BB rat is presently the best available animal model for human insulin dependent diabetes (IDD). Because of the extreme susceptibility of the strain to opportunistic infections and because current studies suggest that they have an autoimmune diathesis, of which IDD is but one result, aspects of the immune system of the BB rat were studied. Severe T lymphopenia was observed in all BB rats, irrespective of sex or the presence of IDD, while numbers of B cells and serum immunoglobulin levels were normal. Both the helper T lymphocyte and cytotoxic/suppressor T lymphocyte subsets, defined by reactions with monoclonal antibodies, were depressed, and an inversion of the helper T cell subset to cytotoxic/suppressor T lymphocyte subset ratio occurred in all BB rats with increasing maturity. Concomitantly, severe impairments of T cell-mediated immune responses were noted. BB rats poorly rejected allografts across both major and minor histocompatibility barriers, and BB splenic or peripheral blood lymphocytes had markedly defective proliferative responses to mitogens and to allogeneic cells in MLC. Irradiated and nonirradiated BB spleen cells did not inhibit WF mitogenic or MLC responses, which suggests that the T cell defect in BB rats is not solely due to increased suppressor activity. Because irradiated WF cells and Con A supernatants did not restore BB proliferative responses, and BB lymphocytes were able to produce IL-2 normally, a reduced ability of BB lymphocytes to respond to helper factors such as IL-2 is suggested. In contrast to T lymphocytes from spleen or peripheral blood, BB thymocytes responded as well as did WF thymocytes to Con A or Con A supernatants. Percentages of T lymphocyte subsets and histology of BB thymuses were also normal when compared to WF thymuses. However, spleens and lymph nodes from BB rats were severely depleted of T lymphocytes, and thymocytotoxic autoantibodies were detected in many BB rat sera. The above findings indicate that BB rats have T lymphocyte immunoincompetence, which appears to be a post-thymic or peripherally acquired maturational defect. PMID- 6220067 TI - Disparate functional properties of two interleukin 1-responsive Ly-1+2- T cell clones: distinction of T cell growth factor and T cell-replacing factor activities. AB - We describe the properties of two Ly-1+2- T cell clones (Ly-1.14 and Ly-1.21), which are maintained in long-term culture in the absence of other cell types. The clones require media containing a source of interleukin 1 as well as interleukin 2. They retain physiologic responses to interleukin 1, which is required for optimal production of T cell lymphokines by these clones in response to concanavalin A (Con A). The two Ly-1+2- T cell clones differ in their production of lymphokines after stimulation by Con A. The supernatant of clone Ly-1.21 promotes the proliferation of T cells maintained in long-term culture, induces antibody synthesis in cultures of B cells and antigen, and induces the differentiation of cytolytic cells in cultures of thymocytes and antigen; these assays define the properties of T cell growth factor (TCGF), T cell-replacing factor for B cells (TRF-B), and T cell-replacing factor for cytolytic cells (TRF C), respectively. In contrast, the supernatant of clone Ly-1.14 contains only TCGF activity and does not promote antibody synthesis by B cells or differentiation of cytolytic cells from thymocytes. The results indicates that TCGF and TRF activities reside on independent, although perhaps related, molecules. PMID- 6220068 TI - Limiting dilution analysis of T helper cell heterogeneity: a single class of T cell makes both IL 2 and IL 3. AB - We have previously described a limiting dilution assay (LDA) for estimating the frequency, in the spleens of unprimed mice, of alloantigen-responsive cells that, together with their immediate clonal progeny, can produce interleukin 2 (IL 2) in short-term culture. In this paper, we provide further evidence that the limiting cell in these cultures is, in fact, the immediate precursor of the IL 2-producing cell rather than merely a participant in a multicellular cascade that ultimately leads to production of this lymphokine. We also demonstrate the usefulness of the LDA method for estimating the frequency of the limiting cell for production of IL 3. By analyzing the supernatants of these short-term microcultures for both IL 2 and IL 3, we show that essentially all wells that produce IL 3 also produce IL 2. Furthermore, the amount of IL 2 produced in any individual well correlates strongly with the IL 3 production in the same well. Our data suggest that both these lymphokines are produced by a single class of T cell, and further that the regulatory events that control IL 2 generation in allostimulated helper cells act to control IL 3 levels in parallel. PMID- 6220069 TI - Functional properties of membrane-associated complement receptor CR1. AB - It was previously shown that membrane receptors for C3b (CR1) purified from human erythrocytes were powerful inhibitors of the complement cascade and that they encompass the regulatory functions of the serum proteins beta 1H (H) and C4 binding protein (C4bp). In the present report we study the functional properties of membrane-associated CR1. When tonsil lymphocytes, which contain between 30 and 60% of CR1-bearing B cells, are incubated with the red cell complement intermediate EAC14oxy2lim or EAC14oxy23lim, they inhibit both C42 and C423 in a dose-dependent manner. These effects are mediated by membrane-associated molecules. Indeed, mild trypsinization of the lymphocytes abolishes their activity, and formaldehyde-fixed cells are as effective as viable cells. The inhibitory effects are in part mediated by CR1. The lymphocyte activities are reversed about 60% if monoclonal antibodies to CR1 or fluid phase C3b are present in the incubation medium. Moreover, upon addition of C3b-inactivator (l), lymphocytes release C3c fragments from EAC14oxy23b. The release of C3c was also abolished by antibodies to CR1. These results support the idea that CR1, as well as other molecules from the lymphocyte membrane, can function as inhibitor(s) of complement activation in their vicinity. PMID- 6220070 TI - The biologic activity of mast cell granules. IV. The effect of complement depletion on rat cutaneous late phase reactions. AB - Cutaneous late phase reactions (LPR) in rats can be induced by the intradermal injection of anti-IgE antibody or isolated rat peritoneal mast cell granules. Rat LPR are characterized by neutrophil-rich infiltrates at 2 to 8 hr followed by mononuclear cell-rich infiltrates thereafter. Rat Arthus reactions are histologically similar and are complement (C) dependent. To determine the importance of C in the pathogenesis of rat LPR compared with its role in Arthus reactions, rats were treated with cobra venom factor (CVF) (250 U/kg i.v.), and the effects of this treatment on total hemolytic complement (CH50), C3 titers, LPR, and Arthus reactions were assessed. CVF treatment produced profound decreases in both CH50 (from 197 +/- 20 to less than 1.0 U/ml) and C3 (from 44,240 +/- 2840 to less than 5 U/ml) titers after 6 hr, which persisted through at least 30 hr. The inflammatory intensity of heterologous reverse passive Arthus reactions was significantly decreased in CVF-treated animals. In contrast, the intensity of LPR was unaffected by CVF treatment. Therefore, although LPR and Arthus reactions share certain histologic characteristics, these similarities are not due to a mutual requirement for the presence of C. PMID- 6220071 TI - Role of lipomodulin, a phospholipase inhibitory protein, in immunoregulation by thymocytes. AB - The treatment of murine thymocytes with anti-lipomodulin antibody during Con A stimulation causes selective loss of suppressor activity, but not of helper activity on PFC assay, when co-cultured with T cell-depleted spleen cells. Interaction of the antibody with responder cells in thymocyte culture were necessary in the early stage rather than in the later stage of lymphocyte activation by Con A, which suggests that anti-lipomodulin antibody acts in the stage of suppressor T cells generation. When thymocytes were cultured with purified lipomodulin for 48 hr, suppressor activity was induced. Lipomodulin as detected by radioimmunoassay was found to be released from T cells with the phenotype of I-J+, Lyt-1-, Lyt-2+. The immunoprecipitates from the media of Con A stimulated thymocyte with anti-I-Kk antibody and anti-lipomodulin antibody were analyzed on SDS-gel electrophoresis. I-J products had m.w. 36,000 and 24,000, whereas lipomodulin had m.w. 36,000, 24,000, and 15,000. Because anti-I-Jk antibody could precipitate 125I-labeled lipomodulin purified from rabbit neutrophils, these results suggest that lipomodulin is a product of I-J genes that induces suppressor T cells. PMID- 6220072 TI - Immunoregulatory T cell abnormalities in mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome. AB - We recently demonstrated that during the acute phase of mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome (MCLS)3 there was a significant reduction in circulating T8+ suppressor/cytotoxic T cells and an increased number of Ia/Dr-bearing T4+ T cells, which suggests the presence of circulating activated helper T cells (1). Furthermore, the vast majority of patients with acute MCLS had a significantly elevated number of circulating B cells spontaneously secreting IgG and IgM. In the present study, the possible role of the immunoregulatory T cell abnormalities in the polyclonal B cell activation was investigated by assaying the ability of T cells and T cell factors from patients with acute MCLS to induce immunoglobulin production by normal B lymphocytes. We also examined the capacity of normal T cells to suppress immunoglobulin production by activated B cells from patients with acute MCLS. PMID- 6220074 TI - Suppression of lipopolysaccharide-induced polyclonal B cell activation of murine spleen with heat-aggregated murine immunoglobulin G. AB - The effect of heat-aggregated immunoglobulin G's (HAgg-IgGs) on bacterial lipopolysaccharide- (LPS) induced polyclonal B cell activation (PBA) was studied. HAgg-IgGs (10 micrograms/ml or more) that were added to cultures of spleen cells obtained from BALB/c mice remarkably decreased the numbers of anti-trinitrophenyl (TNP) antibody-producing cells (APC) generated by LPS in cultures. This suppressive effect was seen when HAgg-IgGs were added within 1 hr after the initiation of culture. Later addition of HAgg-IgGs did not cause any effective suppression of the generation of APC. Moreover, the spleen cells, which had been pretreated with HAgg-IgGs, washed for removal of free HAgg-IgGs, and subsequently cultured, responded poorly to LPS. HAgg-IgG2b was more effective than HAgg-IgGs, but HAgg-IgG2a did not have any suppressive effect. A similar suppressive effect was observed when HAgg-IgG2b-Fc was added into culture, whereas none was noted with IgG2b-Fab. Indomethacin (IM), known as cyclooxygenase inhibitor, could completely abrogate the suppressive effects of HAgg-IgGs on LPS-induced PBA responses when it was added to the cell cultures together with HAgg-IgGs or to the cultures of HAgg-IgGs-pretreated cells. Addition of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) showed strong suppression of the PBA responses of spleen cell cultures that had been pretreated with HAgg-IgGs and IM, but other PG analogues showed no suppression. Thus, it would appear that PGE2 has some role in the suppression of the LPS-induced PBA response. PMID- 6220073 TI - Functional heterogeneity of the Lyb-5- B cell subpopulation: mutant xid B cells and normal Lyb-5- B cells differ in their responsiveness to phenol-extracted lipopolysaccharide. AB - In the present study, responses stimulated by phenol-extracted lipopolysaccharide (LPS(phenol)) and butanol-extracted LPS (LPS(butanol)) were used to assess the possibility that xid B cells might not be identical to the Lyb-5- B cells present in normal mice. It was found that xid B cells responded well only to LPS(butanol) whereas normal B cells responded well to both LPS(butanol) and LPS(phenol). Thus, LPS(butanol) appeared to be a TI-1 antigen and LPS(phenol) appeared to be a TI-2 antigen. In contrast to classical TI-2 responses, however, responses stimulated by LPS(phenol) did not exhibit a stringent requirement for accessory cells. Furthermore, if LPS(phenol) were a classical TI-2 antigen, it should only activate Lyb-5+ B cells. To determine if the responsiveness of normal B cells to LPS(phenol) were due, at least in part, to the stimulation of normal Lyb-5- B cells, the responsiveness of normal neonatal B cells and normal adult B cells that had been pretreated with anti-Lyb-5.1 + C was assessed. It was found that both normal neonatal B cells and normal adult Lyb-5- B cells did respond well to LPS(phenol). Thus, even though LPS(phenol) does not stimulate xid B cells, these data demonstrate that LPS(phenol) is different from other TI-2 antigens. More importantly, these data also demonstrate that xid B cells and normal Lyb-5- B cells are not identical. It is hypothesized that the normal Lyb-5- B cell subpopulation is heterogeneous, consisting of an Lyb-5(1)- and an Lyb-5(2)-B cell subset with the xid mutation blocking the differentiation of Lyb-5(1)-B cells into Lyb-5(2)-B cells. PMID- 6220075 TI - T cell-replacing activity of C8-derivatized guanine ribonucleosides. AB - The capacity of the C8-substituted guanine ribonucleosides to provide T cell-like signals to cultures of splenic B cells was evaluated. We showed previously that these low m.w. nucleoside derivatives traverse the cell membrane and induce their effects from an intracellular location. The current studies clearly demonstrate that 8 mercaptoguanosine (8MGuo), when added to cultures of B cells and macrophages in the presence of antigen, is capable of supplying a "second signal" for B cells, enabling them to generate high numbers of specific plaque-forming cells against the immunizing antigen. This effect is duplicated in cultures of spleen cells from congenitally athymic mice. Inhibition of interleukin 2 (IL 2) generation by cyclosporin A, such that the antibody response of normal spleen cells is entirely abrogated, has minimal effects on the T cell-replacing activity of 8MGuo. Additivity studies with MLC supernatants as well as kinetic analyses with IL 2-associated lymphokines substantiate that these factors act by a mechanism distinct from that of 8MGuo and 8BrGuo. These observations establish these nucleoside activators as exciting new probes for T helper cell activity and an effective non-T cell source of T cell-like signals. PMID- 6220076 TI - Development and function of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL). I. In vivo maturation of CTL precursors in the absence of detectable proliferation results as a normal consequence of alloimmunization. AB - In the experiments reported here, we examine the need for cell division as a critical component in the clonal expansion of alloreactive CTL precursors. Unlike previous attempts to inhibit DNA synthesis and cell division non-specifically, we have chosen to follow the normal unimpeded development of CTL in two of the most commonly used in vivo and in vitro allograft systems. The development and relative contribution of CTL lymphoblast-associated cytotoxicity has been followed by density gradient separation and functional analysis of the various fractions of lymphocytes obtained throughout the entire course of sensitization. In addition to the physical parameters (size and density), even more convincing data have been obtained from in vivo administration of 3H-TdR during the entire allograft reaction. The results presented here clearly confirm CTL precursor proliferation in vitro but provide strong evidence that in vivo CTL normally arise via a mechanism independent of blast formation and cellular proliferation. Interpretations of these findings in relationship to the concept of "clonal expansion" for the generation of mature CTL are discussed. PMID- 6220077 TI - Heterogeneity of an anti-H-2 I-A response as determined by cloned T cell reactivity. AB - T lymphocytes activated against the I-Aq gene product in primary mixed leukocyte culture (MLC) exhibit an unusually strong cross-reactivity against all third party stimulating strains tested in secondary MLC. Through the development of anti-I-Aq clones, this cross-recognition has been shown to result from the activation of a heterogeneous T lymphocyte population bearing receptors that recognize the I-Aq gene product differently, yet specifically. The determination of functional activities of the anti-I-Aq cloned cells, e.g., lymphokine production and ability to induce lethal graft-vs-host disease, suggested even further heterogeneity in T cells grouped according to their similar cross reactive pattern. PMID- 6220078 TI - The involvement of antigen-presenting cells and suppressor cells in the ultraviolet radiation-induced inhibition of secondary cytotoxic T cell sensitization. AB - When mice were treated with ultraviolet (UV) radiation before immunization with the skin sensitizers, trinitro-chlorobenzene or dinitrofluorobenzene, they showed greatly depressed levels of priming for a secondary in vitro cytotoxic response against haptenated cells. Because the irradiation and skin painting were done on separate sites, these results suggest that the UV radiation had a systemic effect. The priming response of irradiated mice to allogeneic stimulation was normal, indicating some antigen selectivity to the inhibitory effect of UV radiation. A defect in antigen-presenting cells, previously demonstrated in UV irradiated mice, was found to be largely responsible for the depressed priming response observed in these animals. In addition, the UV-irradiated, immunized mice possessed suppressor cells that were capable of blocking priming for cytotoxic responses against haptenated cells in normal mice. PMID- 6220079 TI - Induction of suppressor T cells by monoclonal anti-idiotope antibody in strains of mice not expressing the idiotope in hyperimmune serum. AB - A monoclonal antibody, reactive with an idiotope present on some but not all A/J anti-azobenzenearsonate antibodies bearing the cross-reactive idiotype, was used to induce suppressor T cells. These cells suppressed the effector phase of the delayed hypersensitivity response to ABA but not to oxazolone. They could be enriched on dishes coated with ABA but not with trinitrophenylated human gamma globulin, and the enrichment could be blocked by the anti-idiotope. Suppressor activity was also enhanced by first incubating T cells with the anti-idiotope and then collecting immunoglobulin-coated cells on dishes coated with anti-mouse immunoglobulin. The suppressor cells could be induced in A/J and CBA mice, even though hyperimmune CBA mice did not produce antibodies bearing this idiotope. PMID- 6220080 TI - Cell interactions in the induction of lymphocyte proliferative responses: requirement of macrophages and aFcR gamma + T lymphocytes in the induction of aFcR gamma - lymphocyte proliferation. PMID- 6220081 TI - Behaviorally conditioned suppression of the immune response by antilymphocyte serum. AB - Previous studies have shown that cyclophosphamide, a drug with a broad spectrum of cytotoxic activity and one that produces noxious gastrointestinal side effects, can elicit taste aversion conditioning when paired with a non immunosuppressive oral stimulus (saccharin) resulting in immunosuppression after subsequent exposure to the paired stimulus (1). The study reported here indicates that rabbit anti-rat lymphocyte serum (ALS) which is selectively cytotoxic for lymphocytes and does not produce sensory side effects can similarly induce taste aversion conditioning of the immune response. Rats were exposed to oral saccharin paired with ALS injection. Upon subsequent reexposure to saccharin alone the immunosuppressive effects of ALS were reenlisted and the primary mixed lymphocyte culture response of conditioned rats to allogeneic lymphocytes was suppressed by 35% compared to controls. The demonstrated influence of psychologic factors on the immune response has far reaching implications, especially to human medicine, and their role in the course of disease and recovery in man demands further investigation. PMID- 6220082 TI - Effects of C-reactive protein on human lymphocyte responsiveness. AB - C-reactive protein (CRP), a trace serum protein that increases markedly in concentration during inflammatory reactions, was recently shown to bind to a subset of human IgG-FcR-bearing peripheral blood lymphocytes in the presence of a ligand such as pneumococcal C-polysaccharide (CPS). CRP has also been detected on a small percentage of PBL that are associated with NK activity. In the present study, we assessed the effects of CRP and CRP-CPS complexes on a variety of human lymphocyte functions in vitro. CRP and CRP complexes significantly enhanced (generally two to threefold) cell-mediated cytotoxicity, minimally enhanced the MLC reaction, and induced a small but regularly detectable blastogenic response in resting PBL. CRP or CRP-CPS complexes had no effect on mitogen-induced blastogenesis, PWM-induced generation of IgM plaque-forming cells, E-rosette formation, antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, or NK activity. The basis for the preferential ability of CRP to enhance cytotoxicity responses in vitro is under further investigation. PMID- 6220083 TI - Analytical and functional studies on the T cells of untreated and immunologically tolerant diabetes-prone BB rats. AB - Lymphocyte profiles of untreated diabetes-prone BB rats (BBDP) and their normal marrow-inoculated tolerant littermates were determined with the aid of a fluorescence-activated cell sorter by using monoclonal antibodies specific for rat T cell (W3/13) and T cell subsets (W3/25, T helper; OX8, T cytotoxic/suppressor). In contrast to non-diabetes-prone rats and to their marrow inoculated littermates, untreated BBDP rats were found to be T lymphocytopenic with reduced W3/25+ cells and with a major loss of OX8+ cells. Moreover, their lymphocytes displayed depressed alloreactivity that was not restored by addition of exogenous IL 2. PMID- 6220084 TI - Suppression of T cell cytotoxicity by nude mouse spleen cells: reversal by monosaccharides and interleukin 2. AB - The effects of monosaccharides on the suppression of cytotoxic T cell generation by spleen cells from nu/nu mice were examined. Suppression of the B6 anti-BALB/c response and the B6 anti-C3H response was reversed by alpha-methyl-D-galactoside (alpha MG) but not other sugars, including beta MG. Suppression was associated with a decrease in the level of IL 2, which suggests competition; this decrease was also reversed by alpha MG. PMID- 6220085 TI - Activation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes requires at least two spleen cell-derived helper factors besides interleukin 2. AB - The dependency of induction of T cell cytotoxicity on lymphokines was studied. 1 X 10(5) nylon wool-purified thymic lymphocytes or 10(4) spleen cells were cultured with TNP-haptenated syngeneic UV-irradiated spleen cells in the presence of a variety of lymphokine preparations. Concanavalin A-induced spleen cell supernatants mediated strong cytotoxic responses in this system. Three other preparations, namely, a partially purified IL 2 preparation from PMA-stimulated EL-4 thymoma cells, a Con A-induced spleen cell supernatant that was absorbed with an IL 2-dependent cell line, and a Con A-induced supernatant that was dialyzed at pH 2 were all ineffective in mediating a cytotoxic response. In reconstitution experiments, cytotoxic responses were only obtained when either the absorbed preparation or the pH 2-treated preparation was mixed with the IL 2 preparation from EL-4 cells. No reconstitution occurred after mixing of the absorbed with the pH 2-treated preparation. pH 2 treatment of the absorbed preparation did not abolish its synergistic effect when added to the IL 2 preparation from EL-4 cells. These results led to the conclusion that activation of cytotoxic lymphocyte precursors requires at least two other lymphokines in addition to IL 2. One T cell cytotoxicity-inducing factor (TCF1) remained in Con A-induced supernatants after absorption with IL 2 receptor-bearing T cell line cells. It was pH 2-resistant and was not found in EL-4 supernatants. A second T cell cytotoxicity-inducing factor (TCF2) was pH 2-sensitive and was found in Con A-induced spleen cell supernatants as well as in interferon-free supernatants of PMA-stimulated EL-4 cells. This activity co-purified with IL 2. It was absorbed by the IL 2-dependent T cell line together with IL 2. IL 2 differs from TCF2 since it is pH 2-resistant. PMID- 6220086 TI - In vitro analysis of allogeneic lymphocyte interaction. VI. I-J-restricted self reactive and alloreactive components of allogeneic effect factor (AEF) are distinct I-J- molecules that interact with I-J+ T cells and antigen-presenting cells. AB - An allogeneic effect factor (AEF) generated across an I-J incompatibility was derived from MLR cultures of alloactivated B10.A(3R) responder T cells and irradiated T cell-depleted B10.A(5R) stimulator spleen cells. This AEF consists of two soluble, secreted I-J-restricted helper components. One helper component, TH-I, recognizes self-I-J determinants on an I-J+ B10.A(3R) antigen-presenting cell (APC), whereas the other helper component, TH-II, recognizes allo-I-J determinants on an I-J+ B10.A(5R) APC. TH-I-B10.A(3R) APC interaction and TH-II B10.A(5R) APC interaction each induce an in vitro primary anti-SRBC PFC response of either B10.A(3R) or B10.A(5R) B cells. Thus, I-J determinants serve as restricting elements during a TH-APC and not an APC-B interaction. TH-II mediates the I-J-restricted allogeneic effect required to activate T suppressor (TS) cells during a contact sensitivity or delayed-type hypersensitivity response to hapten conjugated syngeneic lymphoid cells. This indicates that TH-II is also involved in a TH-pre-TS type interaction. TH-I and TH-II are I-J-, 68,000 m.w. molecules that differ by about 0.10 units in their pl values. Their charge difference is not due to an altered amount of sialylation or phosphorylation, but may result either from another form of altered glycosylation and/or from a difference in their primary structure. Peptide mapping analyses reveal that TH-I and TH-II possess at least 80% shared peptides and may be structurally homologous but nonidentical molecules; however, the possibility that TH-I and TH-II are structurally identical cannot be eliminated. Papain cleaves TH-I and TH-II into a 40,000 m.w. fragment. No subunit structure of TH-I and TH-II is apparent. It is suggested that TH-I and TH-II are I-J- -activated responder T cell-derived receptors for self-I-J and allo-I-J determinants, respectively. PMID- 6220087 TI - In vivo analysis of allogeneic lymphocyte interaction: activation of suppressor T cells by an I-J-restricted allogeneic effect factor (AEF). AB - The preceding paper detailed the production and fractionation of a T cell-derived I-J-specific allogeneic effect factor (AEF) and analyzed its ability to provide help in a T cell-depleted, in vitro primary anti-sheep erythrocyte response. The identical AEF fractions were examined in this study for their ability to elicit suppression in a delayed-type hypersensitivity assay. Previous reports showed that low or suboptimal doses of antigen, presented i.v. on a cell surface, induce a precursor or primed set of suppressor T cells (pre Ts). These cells manifested antigen-specific suppression only in the presence of a T cell-mediated I-J specific allogeneic effect induced in vivo against the pre Ts. The experiments reported here examined the ability of alloactivated T cell-derived I-J-specific AEF components to replace the in vivo I-J allogeneic effect. The results show that certain AEF components can indeed provide the signal(s) necessary for activation of suppression. Size and charge separation of the crude AEF preparation revealed several components, some of which could independently serve as appropriate inductive signals. One of these components proved to be biochemically identical to interleukin 2 (IL 2) and accounted for some of the genetically unrestricted AEF activity observed; other higher m.w. molecules also possessed unrestricted activity. Another component provided the requisite activational signals and this 68,000-dalton, pI 5.6 molecule(s) was I-J restricted. These findings are discussed in terms of models of lymphocyte subset interactions and activation. PMID- 6220088 TI - Phorbol myristate acetate and in vitro T lymphocyte function. II. Influence of PMA and supernatants from PMA-treated P388D1 cells on the proliferation of cloned T cells. AB - Neither the culture supernatants from P388D1 cells pulsed with phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), nor PMA itself in concentrations ranging from 10(-6) M to 10(-9) M, are directly mitogenic for murine T lymphocyte clones, yet both markedly augment the antigen-driven proliferation of many, but not all, cloned T lymphocytes. The component of PMA-induced P388D1 supernatant responsible for its co-mitogenic activity is probably PMA, rather than interleukin 1. For responsive clones, the co-mitogenic effect of PMA requires stimulator cells that display the specific allogeneic determinants recognized by the clones. This response persists after T cells are removed from the stimulating population, ruling out induction of mitogenic lymphokines from stimulator T cells by PMA as a primary mechanism for augmentation of clonal proliferation. Both splenocytes and thymocytes cooperate with PMA for enhanced clonal expansion, but heat treatment (45 degrees C, 45 min) of thymocytes destroys their cooperative capacity. PMA can also potentiate the lymphokine-driven proliferation of cloned T cells, indicating that PMA can, under certain conditions, influence T cell clonal expansion by a direct action on T lymphocytes. PMID- 6220089 TI - Characterization of a suppressor cell-activating factor (SCAF) released by adherent cells treated with M. tuberculosis. AB - Peripheral blood adherent cells ingesting killed Mycobacterium tuberculosis release a suppressor cell-activating factor (SCAF) into their culture supernatants. When adherent cells ingested 125I-labeled M. tuberculosis, radioactivity could be detected in the supernatant within 2 hr. When this supernatant was fractionated on a Sepharose 2B column, the fraction with suppressor cell-activating activity was also found to contain the majority of the radiolabel, which suggests that the macrophage processed bacteria (or bacterial product) constituted the major portion of the SCAF. This fraction also contained a high proportion of lipid, and the fraction with suppressor activity resided purely within the phospholipid fraction. By employing thin layer chromatography, the phospholipids responsible were identified as phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylinositol. These results indicate that when macrophages ingest mycobacteria, they release phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylinositol of bacterial origin into their culture supernatants, which are responsible for activating suppressor T cells. PMID- 6220090 TI - Binding of phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylinositol to OKT8+ lymphocytes activates suppressor cell activity. AB - The phospholipids phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and phosphatidylinositol (PI) have been shown to activate a population of OKT8-enriched lymphocytes to become activated suppressor cells that result in the suppression of lymphocyte blastogenesis to a variety of mitogens and antigens. This suppression is dose dependent, and maximal suppressor activity is obtained at concentrations of 125 micrograms/ml PE and 25 micrograms/ml PI. Activation of the suppressor cell population is not associated with an actual increase in the number of cells expressing the OKT8 antigen, but the number of these cells expressing Dr antigens on their surface was increased. Both PE and PI bound to lymphocytes in a specific manner. Binding of radiolabeled PE could be inhibited by unlabeled PE but not by PI or phosphatidylserine (PS). Similarly, the binding of PI to lymphocytes was also found to be specific. Although radiolabeled PE bound to lymphocytes other than OKT8+ cells, and to other peripheral leukocytes, it bound to OKT8+ cells with a significantly greater affinity than it did to the other cell types. The Kd for PE was 1 x 10(2) nM and for PI was 1 x 10(3) nM, and receptor cell densities for these two phospholipids were estimated at 1 x 10(-8) nM and 3 x 10(-9) nM, respectively. The receptors for these two phospholipids were trypsin and heat sensitive, and the receptor sites could be regenerated after a 24-hr incubation after trypsinization. PMID- 6220091 TI - Human soluble Fc gamma-binding material. I. Immunochemical properties of the material produced by the T cell line KE37. AB - A soluble Fc gamma-binding material (S-Fc gamma BM) is produced by the Fc gamma receptor-bearing human T cell line KE37 but not by the two Fc receptor-negative cell lines Molt 4 and Reh 6. The S-Fc gamma BM has specific affinity for the Fc fragment of IgG and none for the Fab fragments. It can be obtained in radioactive form after internal labeling with radioactive amino acids. It can then be isolated from the supernatant of the KE37 cell line by affinity chromatography, gel filtration and isoelectric focusing. The subunit components of S-Fc gamma BM are 23,000-dalton polypeptide chains. The soluble form is a dimer (42,000 to 45,000 m.w., pl 6.2), which retains Fc gamma-binding activity after isolation. Higher m.w. polymers of the 23,000-dalton subunits are also present in the supernatant of the KE37 cell line. These polymers are relatively insoluble in aqueous solvents but possess Fc gamma-binding activity. The S-Fc gamma BM molecules might be derived from a membrane-inserted form by restricted proteolytic cleavage at connecting regions of a larger polypeptide chain folded into 23,000-dalton subunits. PMID- 6220092 TI - Deletion of active human suppressor T lymphocytes from peripheral blood by Sephadex G-10 filtration. AB - A method for antigen-specific generation of antibody-forming B cells in cultures of human peripheral blood mononuclear (PBM) cells based on the Mishell-Dutton system has recently been established in this laboratory. Comparing PBM cell cultures from healthy donors and from patients with advanced cancer we found the latter to be unresponsive in our assay. Passage of PBM cell suspension over Sephadex G-10 columns restored the response of patient PBM cells to normal levels. The cell population trapped on the column can be recovered and its inhibitory potential demonstrated by its graded addition to cells eluted from the column. The cell responsible for inhibition is sensitive to treatment with OKT8 antibody and complement, indicating its T cell nature. Passage of PBM cells from healthy individuals did not alter antibody responses substantially but made the activation requirements less stringent. PMID- 6220093 TI - In vitro studies of the rabbit immune system. IX. Extended culture of rabbit cytotoxic cells and the generation of TCGF-dependent T lymphocyte lines. AB - Rabbit T lymphocytes with cytotoxic activity for mouse target cells can be maintained in culture for several weeks by periodically restimulating with fresh mouse cells or by culturing with a source of TCGF. The former procedure greatly enriches the cultured cells for cytotoxic activity but has the disadvantage of introducing cellular debris. Cell growth and cytotoxic activity waned after 4-6 weeks using either procedure. However, T lymphocyte lines (TLL) could be isolated from limiting dilution cultures containing mitomycin C-treated mouse 'feeder' cells and a source of TCGF. These cells grew out with a frequency of one in 50 150 and approximately 15% of these growing cells had cytotoxic activity. Some cytotoxic cells lost their lytic activity after 4-5 months but others have persisted for over 7 months. Some TLL have now been growing for over 20 months. PMID- 6220095 TI - [Metabolic compartment and ambiquitous enzyme]. PMID- 6220094 TI - Immunochemical characterization of the mucoid exopolysaccharide of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. AB - Alginic acid-like mucoid exopolysaccharide was isolated from three strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa obtained from the sputa of patients with cystic fibrosis. Purified mucoid antigens were greater than 99% uronic acid. With a hemagglutination assay, antibody responses to the mucoid exopolysaccharide were documented after immunization of rabbits with either whole mucoid organisms or purified mucoid exopolysaccharide. The mucoid antigen from one strain (no. 2192) was composed predominantly of a single serologic epitope shared among 40 alginate exopolysaccharides from different clinical isolates. The mucoid exopolysaccharide from the other two strains (nos. 1 and 258) had a serotype-specific determinant in addition to the common epitope. Analyses of antibody in sera from normal adults, children, and patients with cystic fibrosis culture-positive and culture negative for mucoid P. aeruginosa showed a highly significant (P less than 0.001) association between increased hemagglutination titers and positive cultures for mucoid P. aeruginosa. PMID- 6220096 TI - [Histopathological study of myocardial diseases with so-called apical hypertrophy -with special reference to histopathological observation of biopsy materials from the myocardium]. PMID- 6220097 TI - A case of "eventual diagnosis.". PMID- 6220098 TI - Hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG): efficacy in the interruption of vertical transmission of hepatitis B virus (HBV) carrier state. PMID- 6220099 TI - Electrocardiographic recognition of left atrial enlargement. AB - The ECG is widely used as a screening test for left atrial enlargement (LAE). Surprisingly, the most widely used criterion of LAE, the P-terminal force in lead V1 (PTF-V1) has not been systematically evaluated to determine the optimal level of PTF-V1 for detection of LAE in clinical populations. Accordingly, we examined the relationship between PTF-V1 and left atrial size by echocardiogram in 361 patients and performed a Bayesian analysis of test performance in populations with a varying prevalence of LAE. As PTF-V1 increased from greater than or equal to 0.03 to greater than or equal to 0.08, sensitivity in the 82 patients with LAE (LA dimension greater than 40 mm) fell from 51% to 23%, and specificity rose from 70% to 93%. In our study population (LAE prevalence = 23%), diagnostic performance of criteria was: PTF-V1 greater than or equal to 0.03 greater than or equal to 0.04 greater than or equal to 0.05 greater than or equal to 0.06 greater than or equal to 0.08 Positive Predictive Accuracy 33 46 52 58 50 Negative Predictive Accuracy 83 83 84 83 80 Per Cent Correct Diagnosis 66 76 78 80 77 Positive predictive accuracy and per cent correct diagnosis improved progressively as PTF-V1 rose from greater than or equal to 0.03 to greater than or equal to 0.06, but fell at greater than or equal to 0.08. Applying our sensitivity and specificity data to Bayesian analysis, PTF-V1 greater than or equal to 0.06 performed best in all populations with prevalence of LAE less than or equal to 50%. We conclude that use of PTF-V1 greater than or equal to 0.06 is superior to the standard criterion of PTF-V1 greater than or equal to 0.04 for all purposes ranging from screening of a general population to evaluation of diseased individuals whose likelihood of LAE ranges up to 50%. PMID- 6220100 TI - QRS loop areas in selective right ventricular overload: relation to hemodynamic status. AB - The utility of vectorcardiographic relative QRS loop area criteria in identifying significant hemodynamic abnormality (a mean pulmonary artery pressure greater than 25 mmHg and/or a pulmonary to systemic flow ratio greater than 1.5) in patients with cardiac lesions associated with selective right ventricular overload was investigated in a consecutive series of patients, 291 with Heart Disease and 135 Controls. The specificity and predictive value of individual abnormally increased right quadrant areas were greater than 90% and greater than 80%, respectively. The predictive value of an isolated increase in left anterior area greater than 70% in identifying the absence of significant hemodynamic abnormality (= 91%) was similar to a negative VCG (= 80%). False positive increases in right quadrant areas were found only in association with counterclockwise transverse plane QRS loop rotation. The predictive value of a counterclockwise loop rose from 77% to 86% by increasing the diagnostic requirement for an abnormal increase in right inferior and posterior area from 20%, respectively, to 26%, respectively. PMID- 6220101 TI - Prognosis in severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with regard to the electrocardiogram. AB - A long-term prognostic study of 128 patients with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (initial value for Forced Expiratory Volume in one second, [FEV1] less than or equal to 1,000 ml) with regard to electrocardiographic and lung function parameters as obtained at the entry visit is reported. Many initial ECG-variables and lung function parameters were significantly different between survivors and non-survivors after five years. We used a discriminant analysis to determine which factors actually provided independent information for detection of those subjects with a survival less than five years. In a discriminant analysis of the initial 25 ECG-variables only P-amplitude in lead II and S amplitude in lead V6 were predictors of five-year survival (diagnostic accuracy 66.1%). In a discriminant analysis in which initial lung function variables were also considered next to the ECG-variables, the best prediction of five-year survival was made by P-amplitude in lead II, increase of FEV1 after thiazinamium i.m., and residual volume as percentage of total lung capacity [RV/TLC, %] (diagnostic accuracy 73.2%). PMID- 6220102 TI - Comparative diagnostic performance of the Telemed computer ECG program. AB - One thousand consecutive ECG's from an ambulatory population of patients with suspected or proven cardiac disease were evaluated using two versions of the Telemed computerized ECG system. Only minor differences were found between the two programs. In version 6 vs. version 5, 87% vs. 90% of 287 normal ECG's were correctly classified and 93% vs. 96% of abnormal ECG's were correctly classified; the percent of acceptable diagnostic agreement was 86.2% and 87.4% respectively (NS). The sensitivity for arrhythmia detection, transmural inferior infarction and ST-T wave abnormalities was slightly greater in version 6. The increased sensitivity was not accompanied by decreased specificity. The sensitivity for left ventricular hypertrophy decreased from 95.2% to 91.4% in version 6 with a slight increase in specificity (95.2% to 97.0%). In conclusion, criteria changes in the most recent version of the Telemed program have not resulted in a major change in diagnostic performance. Arrhythmia detection is slightly but not significantly improved. PMID- 6220103 TI - Gastroschisis and omphalocele in Finland in the 1970s: prevalence at birth and its correlates. AB - Information on liveborn and stillborn children with gastroschisis and omphalocele was collected from hospital and register sources in Finland from 1970 to 1979. The apparent prevalence of gastroschisis at birth increased from 0.77/10 000 births in 1970-4 to 1.42/10 000 in 1975-9. The prevalence of omphalocele (1.96/10 000) was unchanged during the decade. Even for gastroschisis the apparent increase in prevalence was noted for northern Finland only, while for southern Finland the prevalence has been stable during the 1970s, possibly suggesting diagnostic or reporting differences between various parts of the country. Some correlates of increased risk of gastroschisis included: low birth weight, low maternal age, urban residence, and maternal employment in commercial and sales work. PMID- 6220104 TI - Polymorphonuclear neutrophils express the common acute lymphoblastic leukemia antigen. AB - Monoclonal antibodies J5, VIL-A1, and BA-3, known to react with the common acute lymphoblastic leukemia antigen (CALLA) were found to specifically stain normal human polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN). The antigen detected on PMN had a molecular weight (95,000-110,000 mol wt) close to that of CALLA (95,000-100,000 mol wt) and thus these surface membrane antigens are likely related, if not identical. The fluorescent staining intensity of PMN is comparable to that of CALLA-positive leukemic cells and the presence of PMN in patient samples could potentially produce false-positive results in diagnosis. PMID- 6220105 TI - Cloned mouse cells with natural killer function and cloned suppressor T cells express ultrastructural and biochemical features not shared by cloned inducer T cells. AB - We have examined the morphology, cytochemistry, and biochemistry of mouse leukocyte subsets by analyzing cloned leukocyte populations specialized to perform different immunologic functions. Cloned cells expressing high-affinity plasma membrane receptors for IgE and mediating natural killer (NK) lysis and cloned antigen-specific suppressor T cells contained prominent osmiophilic cytoplasmic granules similar by ultrastructure to those of mouse basophils. Both clones also incorporated 35SO4 into granule-associated sulfated glycosaminoglycans, expressed a characteristic ultrastructural pattern of nonspecific esterase activity, incorporated exogenous [3H]5-hydroxytryptamine, and contained cytoplasmic deposits of particulate glycogen. By contrast, cloned inducer T cells lacked cytoplasmic granules and glycogen, incorporated neither 35SO4 nor [3H]5-hydroxytryptamine, and differed from the other clones in pattern of nonspecific esterase activity. These findings establish that certain cloned cells with NK activity and cloned suppressor T cells express morphologic and biochemical characteristics heretofore associated with basophilic granulocytes. However, these clones differ in surface glycoprotein expression and immunologic function, and the full extent of the similarities and differences among these populations and basophils remains to be determined. PMID- 6220106 TI - On the function of Ly-5 in the regulation of antigen-driven B cell differentiation. Comparison and contrast with Lyb-2. AB - Generation of anti-sheep erythrocyte plaque-forming cells (PFC) is greatly reduced in the presence of monoclonal Ly-5 alloantibody. Although Ly-5 is expressed in one of its molecular forms on T cells and macrophages (M phi ) involved in this response, the only demonstrated action of Ly-5 antibody was on B cells. Evidence from elimination of Lyt-2+ cells, and from the responses of serial proportions of Ly-5.1 and Ly-5.2 cells and of Ly-5 heterozygous cells, signifies that PFC reduction cannot be ascribed to any known mechanism of suppression or to a direct suppressive action of Ly-5 antibody on B cells. A critical distinction of Ly-5 from Lyb-2 is that Ly-5 antibody reduces PFC generation to trinitrophenylated Ficoll, a thymus-independent type 2 antigen requiring T cells and M phi for maximal PFC generation in vitro. A second distinction is that PFC reduction by Ly-5 antibody is strictly tied to the time of operation of M phi factor, whereas PFC reduction by Lyb-2 antibody relates to the time of B cell triggering by antigen. Accordingly, M phi factor competitively and quantitatively inhibits the action of Ly-5 antibody in reducing PFC generation. It is likely that the Ly-5 system is concerned in the reception or handling of M phi message by B cells. PMID- 6220107 TI - Selective proteolysis of immunoglobulins by mouse macrophage elastase. AB - Mouse macrophage elastase, a metalloproteinase secreted by inflammatory macrophages, catalyzed the limited proteolysis of selected subclasses of mouse immunoglobulins, including monomeric IgG2a, IgG3, and some forms of IgG2b. Mouse IgG1 was resistant to elastase degradation; however, human IgG1 was degraded. IgG3 in immune complexes was cleaved in a manner similar to that of monomeric IgG3. Degradation by macrophage elastase was limited to the heavy chain, resulting in products that did not compete for binding to the macrophage Fc receptor. Macrophage elastase usually produced a pepsin-like rather than a papain like pattern of proteolysis, resulting in the release of F(ab')2 and Fc' subfragments. This degradation of IgG differed from the papain-like cleavage of IgG by granulocyte elastase. Macrophage elastase degraded papain-generated Fc fragments of IgG2a into multiple fragments. Therefore, macrophage elastase at concentrations found in culture medium has the potential to regulate some aspects of cellular events associated with immunoglobulins. PMID- 6220109 TI - Antiidiotypes against anti-H-2 monoclonal antibodies. V. In vivo antiidiotype treatment induces idiotype-specific helper T cells. AB - Mice have been treated in vivo with xenogeneic antiidiotypes prepared against a murine monoclonal anti-H-2Kk antibody, 11-4.1. B cell immune responses have been found to be altered by such treatment as evidenced by a modification in the idiotypic repertoire of the humoral response to H-2 antigens. Transfer of purified T cells into nude mice before anti-idiotype treatment showed that T cells are involved in the induction of idiotope-bearing antibodies by xenogeneic antiidiotype. Studies using bone marrow chimeras indicate that the environment in which either T or B cells mature does not appear to alter VH region genetic control of induction of antiidiotype-induced molecules. By adoptive transfer studies, T cells from antiidiotype-treated mice were found capable of modifying the idiotypic repertoire of B cells subsequently exposed to antigen even when the T cells were obtained from antiidiotype-primed mice of inappropriate allotype. Although it still must be determined whether idiotypic or antiidiotypic T cells are involved in such B cell idiotype regulation, these results indicate that some T cell functions are altered by xenogeneic antiidiotypes prepared against B cell products and suggest that T cell immunity to major histocompatibility complex antigens may also be affected by such reagents. PMID- 6220108 TI - Fever and immunoregulation. III. Hyperthermia augments the primary in vitro humoral immune response. AB - We have examined the possibility that hyperthermia, such as that occurring during fever, may benefit the immune response. The effect of temperature on the in vitro immune response of unprimed murine spleen cells against the antigen sheep erythrocytes was tested. Hyperthermia potently augmented the plaque-forming cell response. Temperature-sensitive events occurred early in the culture period. Subsets of lymphocytes were independently assessed for effects of temperature on their activation and function. We showed that the beneficial effect of elevated temperature on the plaque-forming cell response probably occurs during the priming stage of T helper cells, and neither improves the delivery of help or the activation of B cells, nor impairs suppressor T cell generation or function. We propose that this powerful immunopotentiating effect of hyperthermia may account for the selective value of the fever response. This suggests taht the monokine interleukin 1, which is the endogenous mediator of fever, may promote immune responses both through a direct action on lymphocytes, and indirectly by an action on the central nervous system resulting in fever. PMID- 6220111 TI - Neonatal tolerance of major histocompatibility complex antigens alters Ir gene control of the cytotoxic T cell response to vaccinia virus. AB - The K region of H-2 controls the Tc cell response to vaccinia-Db. The Kb, Kd, and Kq alleles allow good Tc cell responses against vaccinia-Db. In contrast, the presence of Kk in H-2 recombinants 2R (Kk,Db) and 4R (Kk,Db) or in F1 hybrids greatly reduces the anti-vaccinia-Db response. The defect does not lie in antigen presentation, as infected 4R cells can stimulate anti-vaccinia-Db Tc cells in vitro. Furthermore, nonresponder animals possess Tc cell precursors for vaccinia Db, as transfer of F1 nonresponder spleen cells into infected, lethally irradiated responder recipients allowed generation of anti-vaccinia-Db effector Tc cells. Secondary responses to vaccinia-Db can also be obtained in vitro from T cells of 4R animals. Feedback inhibition was excluded in experiments with mixed chimeras in which Kk and Db were expressed on separate cell populations. Neonatal tolerance of B10 animals to Kk suppressed the anti-vaccinia-Db response but did not affect anti-vaccinia-Kb, anti-lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus, or anti-H 2d responses. In cold target competition experiments, H-2k competitors inhibited vaccinia-Db-specific target cell lysis by Tc cells, which suggests that anti vaccinia-Db and anti-H-2Kk Tc cells may cross-react. Therefore, we propose that the suppressive influence of Kk on anti-vaccinia-Db Tc cell responses is a consequence of self-tolerance and that suppression of anti-Kk Tc cells results in cross-reactive suppression of anti-vaccinia-Db Tc cells. PMID- 6220112 TI - Naive physics: the curvilinear impetus principle and its role in interactions with moving objects. AB - Several recent studies in which subjects solved pencil-and-paper problems concerning the behavior of moving objects have shown that many people have incorrect beliefs about motion. The present study considers the question of whether these naive beliefs are manifested in situations where people observe and interact with moving objects. Several findings in the problem-solving literature suggest that abstract or unrealistic tasks may fail to tap knowledge and reasoning abilities that are routinely used in more concrete or realistic situations. Thus, most people may have accurate knowledge about the behavior of moving objects, knowledge that they use in their everyday interactions with objects in motion. However, this knowledge may not be activated in the context of abstract, static problems, and as a result people attempting to solve such problems may resort to naive beliefs. Three experiments examine this possibility in the context of one specific naive belief, the curvilinear impetus belief. Contrary to expectations, results suggest that the curvilinear impetus belief is used not only on pencil-and-paper problems but also in situations where people observe and interact with moving objects. Implications of these findings are discussed. PMID- 6220110 TI - Characterization of the killer cell generated in the autologous mixed leukocyte reaction. AB - Cytotoxic cells are produced in an autologous mixed leukocyte reaction (AMLR). At 1 wk in culture the AMLR killers are mainly IgG Fc- cells and can kill autologous lymphoblastoid cell lines and Raji and Daudi targets that are usually resistant to natural killer cell (NK) lysis. To define the phenotype of these cells, we have used complement (C')-mediated lysis with monoclonal antibodies (MAb). AMLR killer activity was virtually eliminated by treatment with C' and 9.6 or 4F2, but the cytotoxic cells did not express NK-specific antigens, OKM1 and Leu-7, nor cytolytic T lymphocyte-specific antigens, 9.3 and OKT8. None of the 10 MAb used could significantly block cytotoxicity at the final concentration of 1.5 mcg/ml which is generally sufficient to inhibit CTL. The majority of cells at 1 wk in AMLR cultures stained with T cell activation antigens Ia and 4F2; AMLR killing was proportional to the percentage of 4F2+ cells but unrelated to the expression of Ia antigen. PMID- 6220113 TI - Relation between pronunciation and recognition of printed words in deep and shallow orthographies. AB - The processes responsible for recognition and pronunciation of printed words were studied by means of lexical decision and naming experiments. Two languages were examined: English, which has a complex and deep correspondence between spelling and speech, and Serbo-Croatian, in which the correspondence is simple and direct. It was hypothesized that reliance on articulatory coding (instead of on mediation by the internal lexicon) would be greater for Serbo-Croatian because its shallow orthography would allow more efficient use of spelling-to-speech correspondences. Each target stimulus was preceded by a word that was either related or unrelated semantically. Semantic priming of target words facilitated performance in both lexical decision and naming for English, results suggesting an influence of the internal lexicon on both processes. In contrast, semantic priming facilitated only lexical decision for Serbo-Croatian, which suggests that naming, at least in that language, is not strongly influenced by the internal lexicon. Further, in Serbo-Croatian, lexical decision and naming latencies were correlated when both tasks were not semantically primed and were uncorrelated when either or both tasks received semantic priming. This suggested that articulatory coding is used in lexical decision, at least under conditions in which contextual semantic facilitation is absent. In contrast, in English, lexical decision and naming were correlated uniformly whether semantic facilitation was present or not, which, when considered with the effect of semantic facilitation on naming, suggested a stronger influence of the internal lexicon on both recognition and pronunciation. PMID- 6220114 TI - Perceptual enhancement: persistent effects of an experience. AB - Presenting a word enhances its later perceptual identification. This article focuses on the relation between this effect on perception and recognition memory. Prior experiments have revealed that perceptual enhancement is independent of recognition memory and have led to the two types of task being identified with separate memory systems. In contrast, the present experiments reveal parallel effects on the two types of task. Perceptual enhancement persists over days but, like recognition memory, is influenced by manipulations of retrieval conditions. I conclude that both perceptual and memory tasks rely on the retrieval of memory for whole prior processing episodes but can differ in terms of the number and nature of retrieval cues that they provide. I describe perception and memory within a common framework. PMID- 6220115 TI - Selective attention to multidimensional auditory stimuli. AB - Event-related brain potentials (ERPs) elicited by multidimensional auditory stimuli were recorded from the scalp in a selective-attention task. Subjects listened to tone pips varying orthogonally between two levels each of pitch, location, and duration and responded to longer duration target stimuli having specific values of pitch and location. The discriminability of the pitch and location attributes was varied between groups. By examining the ERPs to tones that shared pitch and/or locational cues with the designated target, we inferred interrelationships among the processing of these attributes. In all groups, stimuli that failed to match the target tone in an easily discriminable cue elicited only transitory ERP signs of selective processing. Tones sharing the "easy" but not the "hard" cue with the target elicited ERPs that indicated more extensive processing, but not as extensive as stimuli sharing both cues. In addition, reaction times and ERP latencies to the designated targets were not influenced by variations in the discriminability of pitch and location. This pattern of results is consistent with parallel, self-terminating models and holistic models of processing and contradicts models specifying either serial or exhaustive parallel processing of these dimensions. Both the parallel, self terminating models and the holistic models provide a generalized mechanism for hierarchical stimulus selections that achieve an economy of processing, an underlying goal of classic, multiple-stage theories of selective attention. PMID- 6220116 TI - Response tempo and separable--integral responding: evidence for an integral-to separable processing sequence in visual perception. AB - Three experiments were conducted to examine the relation between response tempo and separable-integral responding. A restricted classification paradigm, in which similarity-based (integral) and dimensionally based (separable) classifications were pitted against one another, was used with the dimensions of length and density (all experiments) and size and brightness (Experiment 3). The subjects were college students (Experiments 1 and 2) and kindergarten, second-, and fifth grade children (Experiment 3). In all three experiments, rapid responding was associated with fewer dimensional and more similarity responses than was slow responding. This result held when response tempo was simply measured (Experiments 1 and 3) and when it was manipulated by the experimenter (Experiment 2). The results were interpreted to be consistent with models of dimensional processing in which holistic, integral processing precedes analytic dimensional processing. PMID- 6220117 TI - On the Morinaga Misalignment Illusion. AB - The Morinaga illusion is the apparent misalignment of the aligned apexes of oppositely facing angles. It is also called the Morinaga paradox because its direction is opposite to that intuitively expected from the Muller-Lyer illusion. Six experiments are reported. The first showed that the illusion is greater when the apexes are aligned obliquely than when aligned vertically or horizontally (the oblique effect); the second showed that the illusion is undiminished when the two outer angles are replaced with single lines coincident with the arms of the angles; and the third showed that the illusion is undiminished when the central apex is replaced by a dot but diminished by about half when the two outer apexes are each replaced by dots. The fourth experiment showed that the illusion also occurs with the aligned ends of parallel lines and edges of squares but not with the aligned tangential points of circles of about the same size. Experiments 5 and 6 showed that the effect is markedly greater with small, widely spaced elements. Explanations in terms of perceptual normalization to a line and perceptual assimilation have been considered. The latter explanation is the more plausible of the two, although it is conceivable that both processes contribute to the effect. PMID- 6220118 TI - Are there limits to binaural additivity of loudness? AB - In recent years there has been notable interest in additive models of sensory integration. Binaural additivity has emerged as a main hypothesis in the loudness scaling literature and has recently been asserted by authors using an axiomatic approach to psychophysics. Restrictions of the range of stimuli used in the majority of former experiments, and inherent weaknesses of the axiomatic study by Levelt, Riemersma, and Bunt (1972) are discussed as providing reasons for the present investigation. A limited binaural additivity (LBA) model is proposed that assumes contralateral binaural inhibition for interaural intensity differences that exceed a critical level. Experimental data are reported for 12 subjects in a loudness-matching task designed to test the axioms of cancellation and of commutativity, both necessary to the existence of strict binaural additivity. In a 2 X 2 design, frequencies of 200 Hz and 2 kHz were used, and mean intensity levels were 20 dB apart. Additivity was found violated in 33 out of 48 possible tests. The LBA model is shown to predict the systematic nonadditivity in the loudness judgments and to conform to results from other studies. PMID- 6220119 TI - Lateral asymmetries in electrodermal responses to nonattended stimuli: a response to Dawson and Schell. AB - Recently, Dawson and Schell (1982) provided convincing evidence that words presented to the nonattended ear during a dichotic-listening task undergo automatic semantic analysis in the absence of intention or awareness. Because of its methodological rigor, this finding is important in the context of the long standing controversy surrounding the preattentive processing phenomenon. However, we challenge the authors' suggestion of a right-hemisphere locus for this phenomenon. We offer a methodological basis for the findings and propose a countersuggestion of a left hemisphere, or at least bilateral, processing locus. PMID- 6220120 TI - Lateral asymmetries in electrodermal responses to nonattended stimuli: a reply to Walker and Ceci. AB - Walker and Ceci (1983) pose a number of interesting and potentially important criticisms and alternative explanations regarding the laterality finding and hypothesis of Dawson and Schell (1982). The present evaluation finds each of the criticisms and alternative explanations to be inadequate. We then distinguish between two alternative interpretations of the Dawson and Schell hypothesis, one based on inherent functional properties of the two hemispheres and the other based on the notion that each hemisphere is a partially independent pool of processing resources. Walker and Ceci's fundamental objection seems to apply only to the first interpretation. PMID- 6220121 TI - Locational representation in imagery: a moving spot task. AB - Subjects with eyes closed imagined a spot moving from cell to cell in a matrix in response to spoken instructions: Up, Down, Left, and Right. After 12 such moves from a given starting point, the subject indicated the final position of the spot. Accuracy was studied as a function of matrix order, which varied from 3 X 3 to 8 X 8. (Visual angles of the displayed matrices were also varied, from 4.6 degrees/cell in one experiment to 1 degree/cell in another, but with little or no effect on results.) The greatest decrement in accuracy occurred between 3 X 3 and 4 X 4 cells. Moreover, showing the subjects a systematic way of structuring matrices (i.e., of dividing them into parts that could be visualized more or less individually) improved performance markedly on all but the 3 X 3 matrix. These results, which agree fairly well with the verbal reports of the subjects, indicate that some capacity limitation of the image system is exceeded in going from a 3 X 3 to a 4 X 4 grid. Implications concerning the nature of imagery are discussed. PMID- 6220122 TI - Perception of gait. AB - Our ability of perceive the identity and naturalness of a human gait is examined in a series of four experiments involving computer-animated stick figures. The results indicate that the perceived naturalness of a walking or running gait can be influenced by the motion of any limb segment, but the perceived identity of these gaits is primarily determined by the movements of the lower leg (i.e., the tibia). The results also demonstrate that a perceptually salient walking gait can be transformed into running (or vice versa) by adding or subtracting a constant value to the angle of the lower leg over the entire step cycle. The size of this constant value is affected by the shape of the lower leg angle function and the motion of other limb segments. PMID- 6220123 TI - Quantifying the cognitive trajectories of extrapolated movements. AB - Subjects' extrapolations of a piecewise constant-velocity trajectory and a constant-acceleration trajectory were mapped out over a sequence of trials that required only a button-press response. Without any performance feedback, subjects' extrapolations of both trajectories approximated an acceleration segment followed by a constant-velocity segment. With performance feedback, subjects' extrapolations of the constant-acceleration trajectory approached optimal performance. Subsequent withdrawal of the feedback shifted the entire extrapolated trajectory. These feedback-related changes in the extrapolated trajectory can be interpreted as changes in two parameters of a cognitive representation of the movement pattern. PMID- 6220124 TI - Speed and accuracy of compensatory responses to limb disturbances. AB - This study examines the speed and accuracy of compensatory responses to flexion extension perturbations of the wrist in the horizontal plane. In Experiments 1 and 2 the subjects were required to establish an initial flexion or extension force of approximately 15% maximum at a prescribed initial muscle length. The perturbations changed the load force by +/-5% in both simple and choice reaction protocols. The results showed that the latencies to compensate for the perturbation were longer when the direction of disturbance was unknown (i.e., choice effect) and when the perturbation unloaded the muscle (i.e., directional effect). Accuracy constraints on the compensatory response increased movement time and reduced the variability of latency without affecting mean latency. In Experiment 3, a visual stimulus generated a comparable choice effect on latency to that produced by the perturbations, but no directional effect in relation to the preload was apparent. Our behavioral analysis of compensatory responses triggered by wrist perturbations confirms that these responses are susceptible to variables that influence the initiation of voluntary movements. Our analysis also demonstrates a directional preload effect that is stimulus specific. PMID- 6220125 TI - Catching skills in infancy. AB - Infants were induced to reach for fast moving objects whose velocity and starting position varied. Altogether, 144 reaches were analyzed by a technique that took into consideration the three-dimensional properties of reaches. It was found that reaches in all conditions were aimed close to the meeting point with the object. The precision in timing of a reach was about a twentieth of a second, and the systematic timing errors were close to zero. The results suggest that the infant reaches in reference to a coordinate system fixed to the moving object instead of to the static background, that is, the infant's hand is moved with the object at the same time as it is moved toward the object. It is concluded that the capacity to time and coordinate one's movements in the catching of a moving object is a very basic and early developed skill. PMID- 6220126 TI - Hierarchical control of rapid movement sequences. AB - Are movement sequences executed in a hierarchically controlled fashion? We first state explicitly what such control would entail, and we observe that if a movement sequence is planned hierarchically, that does not imply that its execution is hierarchical. To find evidence for hierarchically controlled execution, we require subjects to perform memorized sequences of finger responses like those used in playing the piano. The error data we obtain are consistent with a hierarchical planning as well as execution model, but the interresponse time data provide strong support for a hierarchical execution model. We consider three alternatives to the hierarchical execution model and reject them. We also consider the implications of our results for the role of timing in motor programs, the characteristics of motor buffers, and the relations between memory for symbolic and motor information. PMID- 6220127 TI - [A century of otorhinolaryngology]. PMID- 6220128 TI - [Myringoplasty and type I tympanoplasty: a reflection on the technics of tympanic reconstruction]. PMID- 6220129 TI - [Otoneurologic observation of a case of sialidosis]. PMID- 6220130 TI - [Results of systematic O.R.L. studies on 500 asthmatics]. PMID- 6220131 TI - [The nature and significance of the muscle reflex of the hammer]. PMID- 6220132 TI - [Significance of fibrobronchoscopy in anesthetic tracheal intubation where conventional intubation is impossible]. PMID- 6220133 TI - [Bisolvon trial in serous otitis with closed tympanum in children]. PMID- 6220134 TI - Effect of papulacandin B on the cell wall and growth of Geotrichum lactis. AB - Addition of the antifungal antibiotic papulacandin B to an exponential culture of Geotrichum lactis inhibited incorporation of glucose into the alkali-insoluble and alkali-soluble glucan fractions of the hyphal wall, although the rate of growth was practically unaltered. Synthesis of other cell wall components (i.e. galactomannan and chitin) was not affected. Papulacandin B also induced the proliferation of branches along the hyphae which continued to branch dichotomously resulting in a 'colonial' pattern of growth. Aculeacin A, another antifungal antibiotic that inhibited beta-glucan synthesis also caused morphological alterations similar to those described for papulacandin B. Inhibition of beta-glucan synthesis and the altered growth pattern persisted for several hours after removal of the antibiotic. Recovery of beta-glucan synthesis and restoration of the normal pattern of growth occurred simultaneously. Growth of G. lactis in L-sorbose medium also led to inhibition of beta-glucan synthesis and dichotomous branching. PMID- 6220135 TI - Muscle spindle discharge in response to contraction of single motor units. AB - 1. In human subjects, microelectrode recordings were made from 25 muscle spindle afferents and two tendon organ afferents coming from muscles innervated by the peroneal nerve. 2. Stimulation at low intensity through the recording microelectrode activated efferent axons innervating motor units in close proximity to the muscle spindle or tendon organ. There was a clear alteration in the discharge of 17 afferents (15 muscle spindle, 2 tendon organ) in response to twitch contractions that involved only one, two, or three motor units. With three other afferents there was a less overt but statistically significant alteration in discharge rate by the twitch contraction of a single motor unit. 3. The sensitivity of 21 receptors (20 spindles, 1 tendon organ) to twitch contractions of anatomically close motor units was contrasted with their sensitivity to twitches of more remote motor units in the muscle. In no instance was the sensitivity to the contraction of remote motor units greater than that to the contraction of local motor units stimulated through the microelectrode; with remote stimulation many units usually had to be activated before the resulting twitch contraction altered the discharge of an afferent. 4. It is concluded that muscle spindles as well as tendon organs can play a role in monitoring the activity of motor units anatomically close to the receptor. PMID- 6220136 TI - Arterial perfusion with Tc-99m macroaggregated albumin (MAAAP) in monitoring intra-arterial chemotherapy of sarcomas. AB - Thirty infusion studies with Tc-99m-labeled macroaggregated albumin were carried out in 21 patients who had histologically proven peripheral tumors. Three patterns of tumor perfusion were noted: increased central radioactivity in 13 patients, decreased central radioactivity with or without increased peripheral radioactivity in four, and absence of radioactivity in four. In the last category, all four patients had no evidence of tumor neovascularity by contrast angiography. In all 21 patients the intraneoplastic patterns showed very good correlation between contrast angiography and radionuclide angiography. Pulmonary tracer uptake was documented in all 14 patients who had counts performed over the lungs; one had no evidence of tumor neovascularity by either angiographic study, and only 8 of the 13 remaining (61%) showed evidence of appreciable tumor arteriovenous shunting by contrast angiography. Decreased tumor perfusion, presumably due to vessel spasm, was found in one patient. PMID- 6220137 TI - Evaluation of peritoneovenous shunt patency with Tc-99m labeled microspheres. AB - The LeVeen peritoneovenous shunt (PVS) was investigated in 40 cirrhotic patients with refractory ascites. Five millicuries of Tc-99m-tagged human albumin microspheres (15-36 microns) were injected into the peritoneal cavity between the umbilicus and the left anterior superior iliac spine. The radiotracer was always detectable by scintigram in the lungs when the shunt was patent. In case of malfunction, by contrast, the radioactivity was either restricted to the venous tube or confined below the diaphragm for at least 4 hr. In the presence of complete obstruction, whereas the tube was not visualized after peritoneal injection, it was outlined by direct injection of 2 mCi of Tc-99m albumin microspheres into its subcutaneous tract, where it crossed the 12th rib, immediately above the valve. This technique sufficed to establish whether the site of obstruction was at the valve or in the tubing itself. In one patient, poor visualization of the tube and a delayed image of the lungs was caused by partial occlusion of the valve with fibrinoid debris. This radiotracer method proved simple, quick, and led to an immediate selective replacement when the shunt was not patent. Therefore, the use of this test is recommended for a definitive diagnosis, since there were neither false negatives nor false positives. No complications such as embolism or bacterial infection were encountered with Tc-99m human albumin microspheres, which are excellent tracers. PMID- 6220138 TI - The "hot patella" sign: is it of any clinical significance? Concise communication. AB - The presence of the "hot patella" sign was evaluated in a prospective study of 200 consecutive bone scans, and in a review of scans from 148 patients with various metabolic bone disorders and 61 patients with lung carcinoma. The incidence was found to be 31%, 26% and 31% respectively. This sign is an extremely common scan finding and may be seen in association with a wide variety of disorders. It is concluded that this sign cannot be considered to be of diagnostic value. PMID- 6220139 TI - Use of activated prothrombin complex concentrate in a severely hemophilic patient with Factor VIII inhibitor. PMID- 6220140 TI - The effect of diphosphonates on heterotopic ossification in regenerating Achilles tendon of the mouse. AB - Midpoint tenotomy of the mouse Achilles tendon is followed by regeneration with heterotopic ossification at the junction of tendon stump and the regenerated segment. This heterotopic bone formation occurs through a process of endochondral ossification and the cartilage cells appear to arise by a process of fibroblast transformation. Five weeks after tenotomy 60 per cent. of specimens show cartilage and bone formation whilst the remaining 40 per cent. show chondrification only. After 10 weeks all specimens showed bone formation with trabecular bone and haemopoietic marrow. The treatment of tenotomised animals with either disodium ethane-1, 1-diphosphonate (EHDP) or disodium dichloromethylene diphosphonate (Cl2MDP) has no effect on the process of heterotopic ossification which can be detected at the radiological or light microscopical level. PMID- 6220141 TI - Antibiotic excretion into the bile after hepatic-portojejunostomy in biliary atresia. AB - Antibiotic excretion into the bile was studied using LMOX and CMZ in 16 postoperative cases of biliary atresia patients who had had hepatic portoenterostomy with Suruga II type enterostomy with the following results: Group I: Excellent excretion which was almost the same as that seen with adult patients; Group IIa: Good or poor excretion, depending on the amount of bile flow and liver function; Group IIb: Very poor excretion; Group III: Good excretion but depending on the amount of bile flow and liver function. As the total bile acid level in bile showed a higher level, the biliary excretion of antibiotics was greater. Our study indicates that antibiotic excretion into the bile in infants is closely related to the condition of the liver function and the biliary passages. PMID- 6220142 TI - Psychological and social correlates of the back pain classification scale. AB - The Back Pain Classification Scale (BPCS) identifies patients whose low back pain reflects a primary psychological disturbance. BPCS scores were related to the MMPI, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Multiple Affect Adjective Check List, and Social Readjustment Rating Scale scores; to distribution, intensity, and activities affecting pain; and to social characteristics of 116 patients. High scores on the BPCS (psychological disturbance) are associated with elevated MMPI profiles, and with more widely distributed and more intense pain. Stepwise multiple regression solutions indicate that the MMPI Hypochondriasis (Hs) scale accounts for 15.5% of the variance. No other variable accounts for as much as 3% of the variance. Scores on Hs relate primarily to words in the BPCS psychologically disturbed pole, supplying convergent validity to the BPCS. BPCS scores are unrelated to social characteristics, implying usefulness with the variety of patients seen for evaluation of low back pain. PMID- 6220143 TI - Inhibin production by bovine ovarian tissues in vitro and its regulation by androgens. AB - No detectable amounts of inhibin were produced by cultured ovarian stroma or luteal tissue. Follicular tissue produced inhibin in vitro and removal of the granulosa cells from the follicle wall caused inhibin production to fall by 80%. Granulosa cells alone had the greatest ability of any ovarian cell type to produce inhibin in vitro, and are probably the major site of follicular inhibin production. Cyproterone acetate at concentrations of 35 and 350 microM inhibited basal and testosterone (3.5 microM)-stimulated inhibin production by cultured intact follicle wall and granulosa cells. In addition, each concentration of cyproterone acetate inhibited progesterone but not oestradiol-17 beta production by the follicle wall and granulosa cell cultures. The synthetic, non-aromatizable androgens, methylestrenolone and mesterolone, at concentrations of 5 and 25 microM, mimicked the effect of testosterone and stimulated granulosa cell inhibin production, methylestrenolone being the more potent. These findings provide further evidence that androgens regulate follicular inhibin and progesterone production and that these may be receptor-mediated processes, and suggest that inhibin production may be a general property of androgenic compounds. Preliminary examination of the physicochemical characteristics of inhibin indicated that the inhibin activity of bovine granulosa cell culture medium was (a) retained by an Amicon XM100A filter with a nominal molecular weight cut-off point of 100 000; and (b) destroyed by heating to 80 degrees C for 30 min. PMID- 6220144 TI - Steroid hormones and embryo development in ovariectomized hamsters. AB - Preimplantation embryo development was arrested at the premorula stage in hamsters ovariectomized on Day 1 of pregnancy. This effect was reversed when 500 micrograms progesterone were administered daily. Oestradiol-17 beta given alone had no significant effect on the cleavage rate or blastocyst formation, but a synergistic response was evident when a suboptimal (30 micrograms) dose of progesterone was given with 50 ng oestradiol-17 beta. Cholesterol and hydrocortisol had no effect on embryo development. PMID- 6220145 TI - Hormonal regulation of lysosomal hydrolases in the reproductive tract of the rabbit. AB - The total protein content and the activities of lysosomal hydrolases (arylsulphatase, alkaline and acid phosphatases, beta-glucuronidase, beta-N acetylhexosaminidase, alpha-L-fucosidase and beta-galactosidase) in the uteri of ovariectomized rabbits treated with different concentrations of progesterone, oestradiol-17 beta and a combination of progesterone and oestradiol were determined. The enzyme activities were also measured in the reproductive organs of rabbits induced to superovulate by PMSG and hCG. In superovulated and steroid treated rabbits, the changes in lysosomal hydrolases were more obvious in the endometrium than the myometrium. Except for the myometrial alkaline phosphatase and beta-galactosidase and the endometrial alkaline phosphatase, there were no significant changes in the solubilities of hydrolases after treatment with steroids. beta-Galactosidase levels were significantly higher in the ovariectomized rabbits treated with progesterone. An antagonistic effect of oestradiol and progesterone was observed with respect to uterine weight, protein content and enzyme activities in the ovariectomized rabbits treated simultaneously with oestradiol and progesterone. PMID- 6220146 TI - Isolation and identification of steroids from gonadal vein blood of the fetal horse. AB - Direct connection of the artery of a fetal ovary to the carotid artery of the mare allowed collection of a large volume of blood over a 30-min period. Extraction of steroids and their fractionation was followed by separation of the steroids by alumina adsorption chromatography, and Sephadex LH-20 and Celite partition chromatography. Further resolution of the material by HPLC led to the identification of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHA) by nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry. Other compounds were isolated, which remain to be identified fully, but in the 8th month of pregnancy the principal steroid secreted by the fetal ovary was apparently DHA. PMID- 6220147 TI - Dehydroepiandrosterone synthesis by the fetal foal and its importance as an oestrogen precursor. AB - The gonads of the fetal horse were found to be relatively devoid of 3 beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and other enzymes which metabolize dehydroepiandrosterone (DHA). In short-term in-vitro incubation experiments fetal liver converted DHA to the potential equilin precursor, 7 alpha-hydroxy DHA. DHA was converted to oestrone when incubated with extracts of horse placenta but 7 alpha-hydroxy DHA was not converted to equilin. Levels of DHA measured in peripheral blood of mares throughout pregnancy paralleled those of equilin and oestrone, and DHA concentrations fell rapidly after fetal gonadectomy, as did those of equilin and oestrone. Administration of [4-(14)C]-DHA and [7-3H]DHA to the fetus resulted in the incorporation of both 14C and 3H into maternal urinary oestrone but neither isotope was present in urinary equilin. These findings confirm the role of fetal DHA as a precursor of oestrone, but do not support the previously suggested role of the fetal liver in the synthesis of equilin. They are, however, compatible with the hypothesis that equilin is formed via a pathway which diverges from the terpenoid steroid synthetic route before DHA. PMID- 6220149 TI - T helper lymphocyte depression in early human pregnancy. AB - Peripheral blood lymphocyte subclasses were determined in 60 women with normal pregnancies, 20 from each trimester, and in 20 controls using automated flow cytofluorimetry. The cells were stained with the monoclonal antibodies OKT3, OKT4 and OKT8 to stain total T cells, T helper and T suppressor-cytotoxic lymphocytes, respectively. A polyvalent rabbit anti-human Ig serum was used to stain B lymphocytes. Absolute numbers of T lymphocytes were significantly reduced in both the first and second trimesters. This was due to a significant decrease in T helper lymphocytes and a smaller, statistically not significant, reduction in the number of T suppressor lymphocytes. There was no significant change in lymphocyte subclasses during the third trimester. Total lymphocyte numbers were normal throughout pregnancy. PMID- 6220148 TI - Immunological characterisation of surface receptors on rat metrial gland cells. AB - Cells from metrial glands of pregnant rats were examined for surface receptors. No E, EA mu or EAC receptors were demonstrated. Fc gamma receptors were detected by EA gamma rosette formation, using sheep red blood cells sensitised with the IgG fraction of rabbit or rat antisera. Significantly more of the metrial gland cells, and of the rat peritoneal exudate and spleen cells examined as controls, formed rosettes with red cells sensitised with rabbit IgG than with those sensitised with rat IgG. The proportion of metrial gland cells forming EA gamma rosettes decreased significantly between day 12 and day 15 of pregnancy but increased by day 19. Metrial gland cells from deciduomata formed EA gamma rosettes, and the proportions varied during pseudopregnancy. At day 13 of pregnancy a greater proportion of metrial gland cells displayed Fc gamma receptors in multiparous rats than in primigravid rats. The binding affinity of the Fc gamma receptors was characterised by inhibition studies with homologous and heterologous IgGs. Maximal inhibition occurred when the inhibitory IgG was homologous to the IgG used to sensitise the red cells. EA gamma rosette formation by cells from the metrial gland was inhibited by both monomeric and heat aggregated IgGs. PMID- 6220150 TI - Macrophage subpopulations and the murine F1 x parent mixed leukocyte reaction. AB - The ability of subpopulations of murine spleen cells enriched for macrophages to function as stimulator cells in the F1 x parent-hybrid mixed leukocyte reaction (F1 x P MLR) was assessed. Suspensions of F1 splenic adherent cells--depleted of T cells, B cells, and dendritic cells--were separated into four density-dependent subpopulations on discontinuous gradients of Percoll, and the cells were examined for macrophage characteristics, the presence of la antigen, and their ability to stimulate in the F1 x P MLR. The least dense subpopulation was the most highly enriched with nonspecific esterase-positive (NSE+), phagocytic, and Fc and complement receptor-bearing cells, by comparison with the denser subpopulations. All subpopulations contained similar proportions of Ia+ cells. When the MLR stimulatory activity of the subpopulations was tested with suspensions of parental responder cells, the level of stimulation was directly proportional to the content of NSE+la+ cells in the subpopulations. The densest subpopulation contained no NSE+ cells but did contain la+ cells, which did not induce a MLR. Thus, although necessary for an MLR, la-bearing splenocytes were not by themselves adequate to stimulate the reaction. Rather, cells had to be both NSE+ and la+, indicating that a NSE+ cell-derived factor is involved in this in vitro correlate of cell-mediated immunity. For MLR stimulatory activity, the subpopulations of NSE+la+ cells appear to be functionally homogeneous. PMID- 6220151 TI - Asbestos exposure enhances the release of fibroblast growth factor by sheep alveolar macrophages. AB - Interaction between free airway cells (FAC) and lung fibroblasts was studied in a sheep model of asbestosis. Three groups of six sheep each received, respectively, by repeated intratracheal instillations, saline (control), 328 mg (low dose), and 2282 mg (high dose) of UICC chrysotile B asbestos. Sixteen months after the first instillation, FAC obtained by segmental bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) of sheep in each group were incubated for various intervals, and the effect of their culture supernatants (FAC-SN) on human embryonic lung fibroblast proliferation was determined. FAC-SN from control animals stimulated thymidine (3H-TdR) incorporation by lung fibroblasts two- to threefold compared to untreated cultures. Maximal stimulation was observed at 48 hr and was correlated with a significant increase of the fibroblast population at 72 hr. FAC population from control sheep consisted primarily of macrophages (79%) and lymphocytes (15%), and separation of these two cell populations indicated that only macrophages produced the fibroblast-stimulating activity. Production occurred within 1 hr of incubation and was maximal between 2 and 4 hr. This activity was nondialyzable and stable at 56 degrees C for 30 min, but was destroyed at 80 degrees C and low pH. Moreover, FAC-SN from sheep exposed to asbestos stimulated 3H-TdR incorporation by fibroblasts five- to sixfold compared to two- to threefold for control FAC-SN. This activity may modulate fibrogenesis and may be involved in the eventual fibrogenic response to asbestos. PMID- 6220152 TI - Anticoccidial activity of crown polyethers. AB - Anticoccidial activity in vitro against Eimeria tenella is reported for crown polyethers with ring sizes from 14 to 30 atoms. The most potent compounds, 4 and 9, were found active at 0.33 ppm, but none were active in vivo. Test results are discussed in terms of lipophilic shielding of complexed cations. PMID- 6220153 TI - Symposium 1: The Arthur case--a proposal for legislation. AB - Following the acquittal of Dr Leonard Arthur in the case of the Down's syndrome infant the co-authors of the first paper in this symposium prepared a draft bill on the treatment of chronically disabled infants which has since been informally commended by the Director of Public Prosecutions. A second contributor, a law student, also argues for legislation as being the most effective way for society to have its standards clarified and observed. In a final paper Dr Havard, Secretary of the British Medical Association, opposes legislation believing it would raise far more problems than it would resolve. The first article was originally published in the Law Society's Gazette. PMID- 6220154 TI - Deficient concanavalin-A-induced suppressor cell activity in women with untreated breast cancer. AB - Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 14 women with untreated breast cancer and 5 patients with non-malignant breast disease were studied for concanavalin-A (Con A) inducible suppressor activity against proliferative response of lymphocytes to phytohemagglutinin (PHA). Six of 14 patients with breast cancer demonstrated deficiency of suppressor cell activity against proliferation of autologous lymphocytes to PHA. This is in contrast to only 1 of 5 patients with benign breast disease who demonstrated deficiency of inducible suppressor activity. No correlation was observed between the deficiency of suppressor cells and the presence or absence of metastasis in the regional lymph nodes. The significance of these observations is discussed. PMID- 6220155 TI - The human autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction. II. Analysis of activation and proliferation. AB - In this study, we have used cell cycle analysis as an independent measure of proliferation and the 4F2 marker to enumerate activated T cells. T-cell proliferation increased gradually throughout the 7-day culture. The degree of proliferation correlated very strongly (r = 0 . 827, p less than 10(-4)) with the degree of T-cell activation as demonstrated by the expression of the 4F2 marker. However, many more T cells became activated during the AMLR than were proliferating. Thymidine incorporation correlated well (r = 0.956, p less than 10(-4)) with numbers of proliferating cells as determined by cell cycle analysis. Adherent cells (M phi) induced fewer T cells to express 4F2 and to proliferate than did (B + null) cells. However, proportionately, M phi induced much more activation than proliferation in comparison to (B + null) cells. Additional analyses of cell cycle and the 4F2 marker for activated cells indicated that a very small percentage of responder T cells (less than 1%) respond initially to signals from autologous non-T cells. Moreover, there is a three-day delay before substantial proliferation and activation takes place, providing time for amplification and suppressive regulatory processes. Ultimately, between 5 and 30% of the initial T cells are capable of proliferating in the AMLR and up to 90% of the cells may become activated. Thus, many cells become activated (and are therefore capable of secreting immune regulatory factors or otherwise participating in immune responses) than proliferate. These results provide a basis for analysing defects in the AMLR in association with various disease states. PMID- 6220156 TI - Replication of bacteriophage lambda DNA. Examination of variants containing double origins and observation of a bias in directionality. PMID- 6220157 TI - Caffeine-induced re-initiation of phage lambda DNA replication. PMID- 6220158 TI - The cIII gene and protein of bacteriophage lambda. PMID- 6220159 TI - Regression of myocardial hypertrophy: III. Alterations in left ventricular performance. PMID- 6220160 TI - Traumatic hernia. AB - Traumatic herniae are uncommon. We describe two patients with traumatic herniae and review the literature. Operative treatment may be early or late. It is mandatory that traumatic herniae be differentiated from hematomata. Diagnosis is usually clinical but X-rays including barium studies, may be useful. PMID- 6220161 TI - Role of R loops in recA-independent homologous recombination of bacteriophage lambda. AB - We have previously shown that the DNA-dependent RNA polymerase of Escherichia coli can promote homologous recombination of bacteriophage lambda independently of the recA function. To detect this recombination, we jointly infected the cells with a pair of lambda phages in the presence of chloramphenicol, extracted intracellular lambda DNA molecules, packaged them in vitro, and measured the number of resulting recombinant phage particles. We showed that the recombination of DNA molecules takes place in vitro after extraction of DNA from the cells. We fractionated recombinogenic forms of intracellular lambda DNA and showed that they carry RNA. These and other results suggest that the R (RNA) loop structures, generated by transcription within the cells, promote homologous recombination in vitro. We discuss possible mechanisms of this recombination and compare those with the other forms of general recombination. PMID- 6220162 TI - Minocycline and black thyroid. PMID- 6220163 TI - Coagulopathy associated with moxalactam. PMID- 6220164 TI - Chromosomal abnormality rates at amniocentesis and in live-born infants. AB - Regression-smoothed maternal age-specific rates of six different categories of cytogenetic abnormalities in recent large-scale prenatal cytogenetic studies were multiplied by independently derived fetal selection coefficients--factors that adjust for the excess likelihood of spontaneous loss of cytogenetically abnormal fetuses--to obtain estimated maternal age-specific rates of these categories of cytogenetic abnormalities in live-born infants. The derived rates apply to women whose only risk factor is advanced maternal age. The categories analyzed were 47,+21 (Down's syndrome), 47,+18 (Edwards' syndrome), 47,+13 (Patau's syndrome), 47,XXY (Klinefelter's syndrome), 47,XXX, and the group of other clinically significant abnormalities considered collectively. The rate of all clinically significant abnormalities considered together derived in this study was about five per 1,000 at age 35 years, 15 per 1,000 at age 40 years, and 50 per 1,000 at age 45 years. PMID- 6220165 TI - Leads from the MMWR. Penicillinase-producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae--Los Angeles. PMID- 6220166 TI - Acquired immunodeficiency with reversed T4/T8 ratios in infants born to promiscuous and drug-addicted mothers. AB - A new syndrome of acquired immunodeficiency has been identified in seven children who were small for gestational age at birth and subsequently have exhibited failure to thrive, lymphadenopathy, parotitis, hepatosplenomegaly, interstitial pneumonia, and recurrent infections. All have a profound cell-mediated immunodeficiency with reversed T4/T8 ratios. Six are hypergammaglobulinemic and one has low IgG levels. The mothers of five of the seven children are sexually promiscuous and/or drug addicts. Three mothers have an immunodeficiency similar to that found in their infants. One of them died at age 33 years with a diagnosis of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. In five of the children and in three of their mothers, there is evidence of a persistent Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection. We speculate that a perinatal or in utero transmission of EBV can induce an "infectious immunodeficiency." The clinical, histopathologic, and immunologic features resemble those described in adult homosexuals and drug addicts. PMID- 6220168 TI - [Recent findings in the history of anesthesiology (20) Discovery of muscle relaxant, magnocurarine in Japan]. PMID- 6220167 TI - Concepts for the initial management of patients with unstable angina pectoris- from the viewpoint of coronary arteriography, coronary circulation and cardiac performance including various interventional studies. AB - The problems involved in the treatment, the criterion for selective initial treatment, and the relationship between the treatment and the prognosis were studied in 48 patients with unstable angina pectoris, based on coronary arteriographic findings, left ventricular performance, coronary circulation and myocardial energetics with various interventional observations. Among these patients 43.7% initially responded to medication and 56.3% did not. In newly developed angina at rest, the effectiveness of an isolated sustained administration of isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN) or Ca2+ antagonist (nifedipine) was 100%, while in the changing pattern type of effort angina, the effectiveness of nifedipine was 71.4%, being higher than that of other drugs. As for coronary circulation, nifedipine, having different effects from ISDN, acted directly on resistance vessels and increased the endocardium/epicardium blood flow ratio by its powerful preload-unloading effect. Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) was performed on 5 patients with unstable angina pectoris (USP). A completely asymptomatic condition, significant dilatation and improvement of coronary circulation were obtained after PTCA. The prognosis of UAP was not good with a mortality rate of 21%. Therefore, initial intensive medical therapies and the earliest stabilization of the patients' conditions are also important. The mechanism of the resistance to medical treatment is an important problem to be solved in the near future. In addition to the validity of the definitions of this disease, the appropriate long-term management must also be considered. PMID- 6220169 TI - Ventricular hypertrophy and cardiomyopathies. PMID- 6220171 TI - [Chemical forms and metabolism of steroids]. PMID- 6220170 TI - [A case of T-cell lymphoma with suppressor T-cell phenotype and probable helper T cell function]. PMID- 6220172 TI - Polymorphic enzyme analysis of cultured human tumor cell lines. AB - Of the total of 137 cultured cell lines from a wide variety of human neoplasms now typed at a maximum of 16 of their polymorphic enzyme loci, the phenotype combinations for 72 are described in this paper. The phenotype frequency product of each line was less than 0.05, and only 148 of the 9,316 (1.6%) pairwise comparisons between lines had phenotypes that did not differ in at least one locus. Thus the probability of any two randomly selected lines having indistinguishable genetic signatures in this sample of 137 lines was 0.016. Fifty two of the 137 lines (38%) had phenotype combinations distinguishable from each of the other 136 lines. The frequency products of the 85 lines that could not be distinguished from at least one other line were all sufficiently high to preclude a suspicion that contamination had occurred among them. No additional cell lines with phenotype combinations indistinguishable from the combination characteristic of HeLa cells were identified among these 72 cell lines. PMID- 6220174 TI - [Laparoscopy in emergency surgery on "acute abdomens"]. PMID- 6220173 TI - Increased mutagenicity of chloroethylnitrosoureas in the presence of a rat liver S9 microsome mixture. AB - The mechanism for an enhanced effect of Aroclor 1254-induced Sprague-Dawley rat liver 9,000 x g supernatant (S9) microsome preparation on the mutagenicity of 1,3 bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU), 1-(2-chloroethyl)-3-cyclohexyl-N nitrosourea (CCNU), and 2-[3-(2-chloroethyl)-3-nitrosoureido]-2-deoxy-D glucopyranose (chlorozotocin) for Salmonella typhimurium strain TA1535 was studied. Although all three compounds were direct-acting mutagens, rat liver S9 increased the mutagenic response to BCNU, CCNU, and chlorozotocin. The enhanced mutagenic effect was independent of NADPH. Heat-denatured S9 enhanced the mutagenicity of BCNU and CCNU, but not that of chlorozotocin. Mutagenic enhancement, however, was less than that observed with untreated S9. The substitution of extractable S9 lipid and bovine serum albumin for S9 in the reaction mixture resulted in an enhanced mutagenicity of CCNU with little or no effect on BCNU or chlorozotocin mutagenicity. These results suggest that the enhanced mutagenicity of CCNU, and possibly that of BCNU, in the presence of S9 was due in part to nonspecific factors that are present in the S9 preparation. PMID- 6220175 TI - [Endometriosis of the abdominal wall in surgical practice]. PMID- 6220176 TI - [Laparoscopy in the abdominal form of periodic disease]. PMID- 6220177 TI - [Case of allergy to medlar]. PMID- 6220178 TI - Effect of feeding greened potatoes on different visceral organs and blood plasma of rabbits. PMID- 6220179 TI - Objectivity in the assessment of preschool hearing impaired bilingual-Hispanic children. AB - Public Law 94-142, Education of Handicapped Children, mandates the development of an Individualized Education Plan for school-age children with special needs. The development of such a plan requires a team meeting of various specialists who have conducted a variety of assessments of the children being "cored". Often such meetings become an arena for the enunciation of favored philosophical and methodological positions that tend to obstruct the development of scientifically based goals and objectives. This article stresses the importance of avoiding one's favored philosophy in the evaluation and assessment of preschool hearing impaired Hispanic bilingual children. A case illustration is presented to demonstrate the need for objectivity in the team evaluation process. Finally, some guidelines are presented for use in working with Hispanic families. PMID- 6220180 TI - Nonsteroid antiinflammatory drugs and tamoxifen for desmoid tumors and carcinoma of the stomach. AB - The results of treatment of desmoid tumor patients with nonsteroid antiinflammatory drugs alone or in combination with tamoxifen are described. Tumor growth was inhibited in six of seven patients. Nonsteroid antiinflammatory drugs administered along with 5-fluorouracil and cyclophosphamide and other inhibitors of T-suppressor cells were used to treat nine patients with metastatic carcinoma of the stomach. Survival of these patients was extended so that after 12 months minimal follow-up the majority are well. A prospective controlled clinical trial is indicated. PMID- 6220181 TI - [Comparison of the effects of regional ischemia and of reperfusion on the hypertrophied heart of spontaneously hypertensive rats and the heart of Wistar Kyoto rats with isolated perfused heart via the left atrium. Effects of lidocaine, propranolol and verapamil]. AB - 1. A comparative study between the effects of ischemia and reperfusion on the hypertrophied heart of spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) and on the heart of Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) was carried out in working heart conditions. 2. The decrease of coronary flow induced by a coronary occlusion had an equal magnitude in the two groups. In the SHR group, the aortic output became null in 40% of the cases, whereas this effect was never seen in WKY group. 3. In reperfusion conditions, the recovery of haemodynamic values was slower in SHR group. The release of LDH and the rhythmic disturbances were also increased. 4. The perfusion of SHR hearts by lidocaine (4.3 10(-5) M), propranolol (7.7 10(-6) M) and verapamil (1.1 10(-7) M) decreased significantly the heart rate and the aortic output. 5. When these substances were added to the perfusion medium, the deleterious effects of reperfusion were greatly reduced. Aortic output recovered more quickly than his basal values and the enzymatic leakage was decreased. None of the hearts fibrillated after lidocaine and propranolol. Ventricular fibrillation continued in 14% of cases after verapamil compared to 80% of cases in the control group. PMID- 6220182 TI - A proposed model of cancer as the inappropriate expression of non-body introns. AB - An a posteriori proposal is made that cancer represents an alien non-body phenotype erupting from "silent" gene groups within actively coding regions of a normal cell's genome. Relevant empirical data is garnered from the literature and twelve premises are derived from the data. On the basis of these premises it is hypothesized that the malignant neoplastic phenotype results from interference with non-histone chromosomal proteins causing retention and expression in a body cell of non-body introns. These are asserted to be the same introns which, as exons in a trophoblast cell, direct the normal development of the fetal placenta. Development of a malignant tumor is presented as a pathological recapitulation of the development of a normal placenta. Unrestrained tumor growth is attributed to the inability of endogenous body chalones to suppress the non-body gene groups coding for neoplastic mitosis, while invasion and metastasis result from failure of the non-body genes which code for implantation and mitosis to switch off at the proper time. The hypothesis asserts that all carcinogenic agents alter phosphorylation of non-histone chromosomal proteins, that cancer and normal trophoblast cells are genetically programmed to travel through the body's vascular system to effect immunosuppression in lymphoid tissues, that malignant neoplastic tissue will regress when exposed to trophoblast-based chalones, and that mammals immunized against trophoblast-based antigen will be resistant to the development of malignant tumors. PMID- 6220183 TI - Coronary angioplasty in iatrogenic coronary artery stenosis. AB - Iatrogenic coronary artery stenosis as a serious complication of aortic valve procedures is a difficult condition to solve. We present a case in which both ostia were involved. As the patient refused reoperation, percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) was used. PMID- 6220184 TI - The role of congenital anomalies in low back pain. PMID- 6220185 TI - [Current status of treatment in the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome]. PMID- 6220186 TI - [Adverse effects and zimelidine therapy. Headache, muscle pain and liver involvement--a new disease entity in zimelidine therapy]. PMID- 6220187 TI - Dynamic membrane studies in individuals at risk for Huntington's disease. AB - Lymphocyte plasma membrane dynamics were studied by energy-transfer polarization in twenty-three neurologically normal individuals at-risk for Huntington's disease (HD). The results were compared to 10 normal controls and 10 known HD patients. The normal and HD subjects segregated into two distinct groups. The at risk group had findings distributed along a continuum with values similar to known HD patients or to normal controls. These findings suggest that further studies of membrane dynamics will contribute to understanding the molecular defect in HD and to the development of a potential molecular marker. PMID- 6220188 TI - Free-radical inhibition of ATPase in hamster cheek pouch homogenates. AB - The effects of free-radicals generated by either the oxidation of hypoxanthine by xanthine oxidase (HX/XO) or the lipoxidation of arachidonic acid (AA) on the ATPase of the hamster cheek pouch has been studied. Cheek pouches were removed from female golden syrian hamsters and homogenized. ATPase activity was measured by the production of Pi at 37 degrees. HX/XO and AA were added at a final concentration of 9.6 X 10(-5) M HX with 5 X 10(-2) units HX and 5 X 10(-5) M AA with and without 1 X 10(-4) M ouabain. HX/XO produced a 24.7% inhibition alone and 35.0% when combined with ouabain. Ouabain alone produced a 7.1% inhibition. AA produced a 23.6% inhibition alone and 24.3% inhibition when combined with ouabain. Ouabain alone produced a 5.4% inhibition in this series. When AA was added in doses ranging from 1 X 10(-5) to 2 X 10(-3) M, a plot of percent inhibition versus log dose followed a typical sigmoid type curve. The IC50 was 1.5 X 10(-4) M. These results suggest that free-radicals are capable of inhibiting the ATPase found in the hamster cheek pouch tissues. The possible modes of action of the free-radicals in producing this inhibition are discussed. PMID- 6220189 TI - [Percutaneous transluminal angioplastic intervention in the area of the distal abdominal aorta as well as in the area of the pelvic vessels--indications, technic and results (the Olbert catheter system)]. PMID- 6220190 TI - Paget's disease of bone: diagnosis and management. AB - The main features of Paget's disease are described, together with the indications for medical treatment. A brief summary is given of the drugs available for treatment of Paget's disease with particular emphasis on sodium etidronate (EHDP, ethylidene-1-hydroxy-1, 1-diphosphonate). Sodium etidronate, given at doses between 5 and 20 mg per kilogram per day for 3-6 months, causes a progressive reduction in the biochemical abnormalities (raised plasma alkaline phosphatase and urinary hydroxyproline) and in the histological abnormalities of bone. Clinical symptoms also improve. The usual dose is 5 mg per kilogram body weight per day to be given for not longer than 6 months. Higher doses (10 and 20 mg per kilogram per day) may cause impairment of normal bone mineralisation and should be given for short periods only (1-3 months). Sodium etidronate also has a limited place in the treatment of certain disorders of ectopic calcification, notably heterotopic ossification after spinal cord injury or hip surgery. At the present time there is insufficient evidence to justify its use in the treatment of renal stones or in osteoporosis other than that due to immobilisation after spinal cord injury. PMID- 6220191 TI - Biochemical markers of bone turnover in Paget's disease. AB - The two most commonly used biochemical markers of bone turnover are the serum alkaline phosphatase and the urinary excretion of peptide-bound hydroxyproline, both of which are increased in Paget's disease. Serum alkaline phosphatase is assumed to be derived from osteoblasts during the process of bone formation, whereas small peptides containing hydroxyproline are excreted in the urine following the degradation of bone collagen. The alkaline phosphatase is probably the more useful measurement for diagnosis and for following response to treatment, whereas hydroxyproline, although very sensitive, presents technical difficulties in collection and measurement. Several other biochemical changes in Paget's disease indicate abnormal bone metabolism. These include increased urinary excretion of hydroxylysine and its glycosides derived from collagen, as well as the release into the circulation and subsequent urinary excretion of fragments of pro-collagen indicative of increased collagen formation. Proteins specific to bone, such as osteocalcin, are increased in serum, bone, such as osteocalcin, are increased in serum, as are various enzymes possibly derived from bone cells, including acid phosphatase and proline imino-peptidase. Treatment of Paget's disease results in a fall in urinary hydroxyproline before alkaline phosphatase. This indicates that drug treatment, whether with diphosphonates, calcitonin or mithramycin, has a primary action to inhibit bone resorption, with a subsequent adaptive reduction in bone formation rate. PMID- 6220192 TI - The role of mithramycin in the management of Paget's disease. AB - 18 patients with Paget's disease have received 27 courses of mithramycin therapy. This treatment has proved to be very effective in rapidly relieving bone pain due to Paget's disease--relief being apparent in 4 to 5 days. A dose of 10 micrograms/kg/day for 10 days is effective, well tolerated and to date free of serious side effects. Such treatment is particularly indicated in complicated cases with other possible explanations for the pain. Long term relief is unusual unless calcitonin or sodium etidronate is added. PMID- 6220194 TI - Helping the child with Down's syndrome. PMID- 6220195 TI - Renal failure caused by mercuric chloride. PMID- 6220193 TI - Metabolic disorders of serum lipoproteins in endotoxin-poisoned mice: the role of high density lipoprotein (HDL) and triglyceride-rich lipoproteins. AB - A study was performed to clarify the role of serum lipoproteins, especially high density lipoprotein (HDL) and triglyceride-rich lipoproteins in endotoxemic or endotoxin-poisoned animals. The level of HDL-cholesterol decreased markedly in mouse serum 18-24 hr postintoxication, while the amount of low density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol in the sera of poisoned mice was about 175% of that of the controls. Serum lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase activity in the poisoned mice decreased slightly for 3-6 hr after endotoxin injection, but became markedly increased at 18-24 hr as compared with that in the controls. The amount of serum very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) showed a marked increase in the poisoned mice 8-24 hr postintoxication. The HDL fraction in the electrophoretic patterns of serum was reduced according to the dose of endotoxin 18 hr postintoxication. The HDL fraction in mice injected with lead acetate plus endotoxin was markedly lower than that in the poisoned mice. When streptozotocin diabetic mice were injected with endotoxin, the HDL fraction was higher than that in the endotoxin-poisoned mice. In endotoxin-poisoned mice a correlation was observed between the lipid peroxide and LDL levels in the serum. In disk electrophoretic patterns, the HDL fraction in mice given vitamin E-supplemented diet showed a higher level than that in mice given a normal diet. Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity in poisoned mice significantly decreased to 59% of the control value 18 hr postintoxication, but hepatic triglyceride lipase activity was only slightly increased in endotoxin-poisoned mice. In analysis of HDL apoprotein peptide in serum lipoprotein, the apo C-II peptide level was clearly lower in mouse serum 18 hr postintoxication than that in the controls. These results suggest that the decrease in LPL activity in endotoxin-poisoned mice may be closely related to a decrease in the apo C-II peptide level, and also that it plays an important part in HDL and triglyceride-rich lipoprotein metabolism in the poisoned mice. PMID- 6220196 TI - [Contact dermatitis in workers in an electromechanical factor: clinical and allergological observations]. PMID- 6220197 TI - Osteosarcoma of the proximal humerus. PMID- 6220198 TI - Combination chemotherapy pneumonitis: a case report of possible synergistic toxicity. AB - A woman with pancreatic cancer developed acute interstitial infiltrates while receiving modest doses of two potential pulmonary toxins, mitomycin-C and chlorozotocin. Chemotherapy pneumonitis, confirmed by lung biopsy, responded dramatically to prednisone with negligible sequelae. Comparison with the doses in other reported cases suggested additive or synergistic toxicity between these two alkylating agents. PMID- 6220199 TI - Comparison between x-ray and bone scan detection of bone metastases in patients with rhabdomyosarcoma. AB - A comparison of radiographic and 99mTechnetium methyldiphosphonate scintigraphic evaluations for extent of skeletal disease was made retrospectively in 17 pediatric patients with Group III and IV rhabdomyosarcoma. Thirteen children had evidence of skeletal metastases. Of these, four exhibited multiple sites of blastic as well as lytic skeletal involvement on x-rays that were not detected by bone scans: two at the time of initial diagnosis, and two at relapse in children with prior radiotherapy to involved bones. In three additional patients a greater extent of bony disease was evident on x-rays than on bone scan. Neither the pathology of the tumor, lytic versus blastic quality of the bone lesion, nor lesion size per se was found to correlate with the failure to detect them on the bone scan. Although bone scans have greater sensitivity than x-rays for the detection of metastatic bone involvement in several adult and pediatric neoplasms, in the case of rhabdomyosarcoma, the radiographic exam appears to be a more sensitive indicator in some patients and should be considered an essential study in the evaluation of skeletal involvement by this tumor. PMID- 6220200 TI - Parathyroid-hormone-induced metabolic alkalosis in dogs. AB - We examined the effect of parathyroid hormone (PTH), administrated for 24-48 h, on acid-base homeostasis in dogs. Parathyroid extract (PTH), 15 IU/kg/day, given subcutaneously, caused metabolic alkalosis (control vs. experimental; mean +/- SEM): plasma HCO3, 21.3 +/- 0.3 vs. 24.2 +/- 0.5 mEq/l (p less than 0.001); plasma H+, 37.7 +/- 1.1 vs. 35.7 +/- 1.4 nEq/l (p less than 0.05), and net acid excretion, 48.6 +/- 2.0 vs. 65.1 +/- 4.0 mmol/day (p less than 0.01). PTH administered by continuous intravenous infusion had similar effects (control vs. experimental): plasma HCO3, 21.4 +/- 0.4 vs. 23.6 +/- 0.7 mEq/l (p less than 0.001) and net acid excretion, 54.0 +/- 3.5 vs. 68.3 +/- 5.7 mmol/day (p less than 0.05). PTH, 8 IU/kg/day, had qualitatively similar but quantitatively less profound consequences. Bicarbonaturia was not observed in any group. The effects of PTH were similar in adrenalectomized dogs maintained on hormone replacement. Indomethacin (150 mg/day) prevented the renal effects of PTH so that no increase in net acid secretion occurred. However, metabolic alkalosis still developed: control vs. experimental plasma HCO3, 21.8 +/- 0.5 vs. 23.9 +/- 0.5 mEq/l (p less than 0.001). Dichloromethanediphosphonate blunted both the renal and nonrenal effects of PTH, such that hypercalcemia, metabolic alkalosis and increased net acid excretion were quantitatively less and delayed in onset. In summary, PTH administration for 24-48 h causes metabolic alkalosis in dogs, the result of renal and nonrenal mechanisms. PMID- 6220201 TI - [Closed injuries of the kidney]. PMID- 6220202 TI - Penicillinase-producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae--Los Angeles. PMID- 6220203 TI - Substrate specificity of the form of cytochrome P-450 catalyzing the 4 hydroxylation of debrisoquine in man. AB - In the present study we have investigated the substrate specificity of the form of cytochrome P-450 catalyzing the 4-hydroxylation of debrisoquine in man by analyzing the kinetics of inhibition of this activity by potential alternative substrates for the enzyme. All three compounds for which there is good in vivo evidence for an association between their metabolism and the debrisoquine oxidation polymorphism (viz., sparteine, guanoxan and phenformin) were potent competitive inhibitors of the reaction. The Ki for sparteine was 85 microM, for guanoxan it was 30 microM, and for phenformin it was 205 microM. Two compounds, acetanilide and antipyrine, for which the in vivo evidence was against an association between their metabolism and that of debrisoquine, were weak, noncompetitive inhibitors of debrisoquine 4-hydroxylase activity. The Ki values were 1.23 mM and 19.3 mM, respectively. Two additional compounds, tolbutamide and amylobarbitone, for which the in vivo evidence was also against an association between their metabolism and the debrisoquine oxidation polymorphism, did not appreciably inhibit the reaction. In fact, amylobarbitone caused a slight stimulation of activity. It is concluded that debrisoquine 4-hydroxylase is a specific form of cytochrome P-450 with a well-defined substrate specificity. Furthermore, it should be possible to identify compounds that might be subject to an oxidation polymorphism prior to the exposure of any subjects to the compound. PMID- 6220204 TI - Effects of neocarzinostatin on chromatin in HeLa S3 nuclei. AB - Neocarzinostatin solubilizes chromatin from HeLa S3 nuclei by introducing strand scissions in linker regions. Multimeric nucleosome patterns are seen on both native and denaturing gel analysis. The mechanism of drug action differs from the type of chromatin digestion seen with micrococcal enzyme in that DNA damage occurs through single-strand breaks and less acid-soluble material is produced. In addition, drug-induced release of soluble chromatin from the nuclei is not very dependent upon the addition of EDTA. The monomer repeat size is larger than that found for micrococcal enzyme and contains linker regions that are partially single-stranded. Core histone proteins as well as histone H1 do not appear to be altered by drug action, although there is clear evidence that DNA damage can occur in nucleosome cores. The chromophore portion of the drug degrades chromatin as effectively as the holoantibiotic. PMID- 6220205 TI - Neocarzinostatin chromophore. Assignment of spectral properties and structural requirements for binding to DNA. AB - The site responsible for the mercaptan (or borohydride)-stimulated DNA scission activity of neocarzinostatin chromophore (NCS-Chrom) is located in the central C12-subunit of the molecule. This has been determined by studies of the characteristic spectral properties of the chromophore and its reduction products and of the spectral changes induced by their interaction with its apoprotein (apo NCS) and DNA. The UV-visible absorption, fluorescence, CD, and MCD spectral properties of the major nonprotein chromophoric component of neocarzinostatin (NCS-Chrom A) are assigned to its component substructures, the 2-hydroxy-5 methoxy-7-methyl-1-naphthoate, the five-membered cyclic carbonate ring (1,3 dioxolan-2-one), the 2,6-dideoxy-2-methylaminogalactose, and the incompletely defined C12-subunit which links the other three residues. Although the major source of its UV-visible absorption is the naphthoic acid residue (HNA-NCS), a significant absorption from approximately 260 to 330 nm is due to the presence of the highly unsaturated C12-subunit. The presence of the C12-subunit and, to a lesser extent, the cyclic carbonate reduces the intensity of the fluorescence emission of the fluorophore of NCS-Chrom A, the HAN-NCS subunit. The CD activity of NCS-Chrom A is also due to the presence of the C12-subunit. The MCD activity of NCS-Chrom A, however, is completely accounted accounted for by the naphthoic acid residue. A role for the C12-subunit in the binding of NCS-Chrom to DNA or apo-NCS is indicated by the resultant absorption hypochromicity in the region assigned to the C12-moiety. Limited modification of the C12-subunit (by mercaptan or borohydride) inactivates the chromophore for DNA strand scission, although both products still bind DNA. The naphthoic acid residue alone is not sufficient for binding to DNA. Therefore, the intercalation of the naphthoate residue between DNA base pairs requires the binding of NCS-Chrom to DNA probably via electrostatic interaction between the positively charged 2-methylamino group of the galactose residue and the negatively charged oxygens of the phosphate in the DNA backbone. The C12-unit is viewed as forming a short-lived reduction-activated species that, in the presence of oxygen, causes single-strand breaks in DNA. The cyclic carbonate residue is not required for in vitro DNA strand scission activity but affects its stability with respect to hydrolysis and reactivity with mercaptan. If DNA is absent the activated species decompose to inactive products, including a mercaptan (or hydrogen) addition product of the C12-subunit. PMID- 6220206 TI - Diffuse intimal thickening in chronic obliterating disease of arteries of the lower extremities in humans. AB - The concept of atherosclerosis is essentially applicable to the arteries of the elastic type. Lesions in the arteries of the muscular type have a different character. They show an association of fibrosis of the media with a diffuse intimal thickening and the presence of stratified fibro-hyaline plaques, representing organized parietal thrombi. Deposition of lipids is weak or moderate and apparently a secondary event. Intimal thickening of peripheral arteries exceeds largely the limits of the thrombotic zone. It is covered by normal endothelium and populated by myocytes with a few fibroblasts. The intercellular substance shows all stages of formation of elastic structures, a process which is probably related to the activity of myocytes. It leads to the formation of one or several fairly distinct elastic membranes. Concomitantly the lamina elastica interna undergoes considerable degradation. We are, thus, confronted with a lesion of considerable age which, nevertheless, remains active and shows continuing structural changes. The origin of cells in intimal thickening and its significance in terms of general pathology are discussed with respect to the experimental results. PMID- 6220207 TI - Lung pathogenesis. I. Challenging actions and impairment of bronchopulmonary defence mechanisms (a systemic approach). AB - A systemic approach to challenging factors and impairment of bronchopulmonary defence mechanisms in lung pathogenesis is attempted. Challenging factors and their penetration ways in the lung tissue are emphasized and the importance of airborne agents, of structures carrying respiratory functions and their relationships are pointed out. The bronchopulmonary defence mechanisms (mucociliary apparatus, alveolar macrophages, own defence of alveolar walls, mesenchymovascular defence of the lung) and their physiological limits of reactivity are analysed. The impairment of these mechanisms due mainly to the overelicitation by challenging factors and the outpassing of superposed mechanisms are structurally analysed and the transformation of physiological means of defence into pathogenic mechanisms is pointed out. Their relationships with the dynamics of factor assemblies and the new substrates developed are emphasized in the multifactorial framework of lung pathogenesis. PMID- 6220208 TI - On the 80th anniversary of Acad. Vasile D. Marza. PMID- 6220209 TI - Ultrastructural aspects in skin allergic vasculitis. AB - Twelve cases of skin allergic vasculitis were electronmicroscopically studied. The most striking changes were noticed at the level of capillaries, whose wall components were all affected, especially the endothelial cells. These presented at first adaptive changes, with swelling, microvillosities of plasmalemma protruding into the lumen, and many pinocytotic vesicles showing an intensely active transport. Followed different degrees of degenerative changes of cytoplasms and nuclei, the junctional complexes being interrupted, even discontinuous. The pericytes showed similar changes. The basement membrane was thickened, nonhomogeneous, with a spongy aspect, small discontinuities and some electron-dense depots. The endothelial cell damage and the discontinuity of basement membranes, as well as the alteration of pericytes allowed the migration of blood cells into interstitial spaces, followed by leucocytoclasia. As a consequence, in the perivascular tissue a polymorphous cellular infiltrate developed. The mechanisms and significance of these changes are discussed. PMID- 6220210 TI - Morphopathological findings in dog's acute toxoplasmosis. AB - Toxoplasmosis was clinically diagnosed in two dogs of 4 and respectively 18 months. A seven-day treatment remained inefficient and the animals died. Autopsy revealed a global inflammation of the lung, with necrotic lesions of bronchial lymph nodes and acute hyperplastic reaction of the spleen. Histologically, there were identified a diffuse, serofibrinous inflammation of the lung with necrotic foci, fibrinoleucocytic and necrotic exudate of bronchial and portal lymph nodes, small necrotic or fibrinonecrotic foci of the liver and spleen, lymphoglial foci and edema at the base of the cerebellum. In myocardium, as well as in the above mentioned organs, toxoplamas are free or accumulated in cysts. Inoculation of infected lung material into mice and newborn dogs gave positive results. PMID- 6220211 TI - Congenital hemihypertrophy. Tendency to association with other abnormalities and/or tumors. AB - Nine cases of congenital hemihypertrophy of an entire half of the body ("true" hemihypertrophy) were investigated in relation to literature data. The left side was more often affected (7:2) and the abnormality was more frequent in females (5:4). Associated abnormalities were present in all cases: a single abnormality in 3 cases (mental retardation, iris heterochromia and, respectively, left foot gigantism) and 3 to 13 abnormalities in the other 6 cases. Prominent hemiface, asymmetric macroglossia on the affected side, unequally developed breasts, unilateral gigantism of the foot, iris heterochromia, duplication of the renal pelvis, were considered important signs which easily draw attention. Out of nine cases investigated, three presented associated tumors: two tumors, one cerebral (malignant ependymoma) and the other hepatic (cavernous hemangioma) in one case, hepatoblastoma in another case, and multiple skin angiomas in the affected side of the third one. The case presenting two tumors had also the greatest number (twelve) of associated abnormalities. PMID- 6220212 TI - Isolation, culture, and some morphohistochemical features of endothelial cells of the pulmonary microvasculature. AB - Taking into account the quantitative and qualitative importance of endothelial cells of the pulmonary microvasculature (40 per cent of all lung mesenchymal cells, 26 per cent of all lung cells) the authors attempted their isolation, culture in vitro and specification of some morphohistochemical characters, using the method of Habliston et al. (1979). There were used guinea pigs and rabbits and a 0.5 and 1 per cent trypsin solution in a retrograde perfusion for the detachment of endothelial cells from their rbasement membranes. The obtained cells were maintained in culture for5 7--9 days and morphologically characterized; their caveolar enzymes were evidenced (Mg-dependent ATP-ase, acid and alkaline phosphatases, a.o.). PMID- 6220213 TI - DNA content of macrophages in pulmonary granuloma induced in rats by complete Freund's adjuvant. AB - Pulmonary granulomas were induced in rats with complete Freund's adjuvant. Histologic and cytologic alterations and Feulgen-DNA amounts determined by a cytophotometric method were studied. Fourteen (hours after injection, the pulmonary interstitia were thickened by cell infiltration. After 3 days; small granulomatous nodules developed containing macrophages, epithelioid and giant cells. The Feulgen-DNA amounts increased significantly in the course of the first day and reached peak values on the 3rd day. Then they showed a tendency to decrease after the 7th day. The present results confirm the previously obtained data, revealing the stimulating effect of the complete Freund's adjuvant on cell metabolism, DNA synthesis included. PMID- 6220214 TI - Some thoughts on the genetic risks of a possible nuclear war. PMID- 6220215 TI - Ontogenetic modelling of the petrous part of the temporal bone in man. AB - The inner and the outer layers of the petrous part of the temporal bone (p.p.t.b.) become definitive until the sixth intrauterine month. Therefore, the growth and modelling of the p.p.t.b. are subsequently achieved by apposition of the periosteal outer layer. Periosteal apposition takes place in the form of plates appearing successively. The author identified seven such plates concentrated around the canals passing through the p.p.t.b. and describes them in fetuses, premature infants and adults. Periosteal ossification may cause compression of nerves passing through the p.p.t.b. thus inducing the onset of Meniere's disease. The anatomical peculiarities determined by the periosteal bone must be thoroughly known to permit high-accuracy surgical interventions at the p.p.t.b. level. PMID- 6220216 TI - Victor V. Papilian (1920-1982). PMID- 6220217 TI - Hemodynamic improvement after percutaneous transluminal angioplasty. PMID- 6220218 TI - [Treatment of acute lumbago with diflunisal. Controlled double-blind study with placebos]. PMID- 6220219 TI - The influence of cell cycle kinetics on the radiosensitivity of Down's syndrome lymphocytes. AB - In agreement with previous work, [60Co]gamma-irradiation shortly after phytohemagglutinin (PHA) stimulation, induces higher frequencies of chromosomal aberrations in trisomy 21 lymphocytes compared to normal controls. However, equal frequencies of chromatid aberrations are induced in fully-stimulated trisomy 21 and normal lymphocytes by irradiation during G2. We have observed that trisomic lymphocytes respond more rapidly to PHA stimulation than normal lymphocytes. Furthermore, we have observed that chromosomal radiosensitivity increases as a function of time after PHA stimulation in normal lymphocytes. When normal lymphocytes are irradiated 8 h after PHA stimulation, the frequencies of chromosomal aberrations induced are comparable to those induced in trisomy 21 lymphocytes irradiated 30 min after PHA stimulation. PMID- 6220220 TI - International Commission for Protection against Environmental Mutagens and Carcinogens. PMID- 6220221 TI - Roasting coffee beans produces compounds that induce prophage lambda in E. coli and are mutagenic in E. coli and S. typhimurium. AB - Freshly brewed blended coffee, instant coffee and instant caffeine-free coffee induced prophage lambda in lysogenic E. coli K12, strain GY5027. Because coffee prepared from green beans by the same extraction method as used for freshly brewed blended coffee had no prophage-inducing activity, this activity may be attributed to compounds produced in the roasting process. Roasting also produced compounds that were mutagenic in S. typhimurium TA100 and E. coli WP2 uvrA/pKM101. PMID- 6220222 TI - Immune-cell augmentation (with altered T-subset ratio) is common in healthy homosexual men. PMID- 6220223 TI - Hormones, retinoids, and acne. PMID- 6220224 TI - Androgen excess in cystic acne. AB - We measured hormone levels in 59 women and 32 men with longstanding cystic acne resistant to conventional therapy. Affected women had higher serum levels of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, testosterone, and luteinizing hormone and lower levels of sex-hormone-binding globulin than controls. Affected men had higher levels of serum dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate and 17-hydroxyprogesterone and lower levels of sex-hormone-binding globulin than controls. To lower dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, dexamethasone was given to men, and dexamethasone or an oral contraceptive pill, Demulen (or both), was given to women. Of the patients treated for six months, 97 per cent of the women and 81 per cent of the men had resolution or marked improvement in their acne. The dose of dexamethasone required to reduce dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate levels was low, rarely exceeding the equivalent of 20 mg of hydrocortisone per day. We conclude that most patients with therapeutically resistant cystic acne have androgen excess and that lowering elevated dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate results in improvement or remission of acne in most instances. PMID- 6220225 TI - A delicate molecular bouquet. PMID- 6220226 TI - Responses to the H-2Kba mutant involve recognition of syngeneic Ia molecules. AB - Conventional antigens appear to be recognized by T lymphocytes only when associated with major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens. Using antigen specific proliferation as a model for helper T lymphocytes, it has been demonstrated that Ly1+T cells recognize antigen presented in association with syngeneic Ia molecules. In contrast to responses to conventional antigens, however, a large number of studies have suggested that the stimulation of alloreactive Ly1+T cells, and helper T cells specific for allogeneic cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses, involve the direct recognition of Ia alloantigens. For the generation of optimal allogeneic CTL activity it has been proposed that Ly1+T cells recognize allo-Ia antigens directly and provide help to pre-CTLs that respond to allo-H-2K and/or D determinants. Thus, the B6.C.H-2bm1 mutant (bm1, formerly referred to as Hz1), which is believed to consist of a substitution of two amino acids in the H-2Kb antigen, has presented a paradox, for it can stimulate strong mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC), graft versus host and CTL responses by T cells of H-2b haplotype mice in the apparent absence of any alloantigenic differences in the I region. We now present evidence that the stimulation of proliferative and helper T cells by the mutant B6.C.H-2bm1 results from the H-2Kba antigen being recognized in the context of syngeneic Ia determinants. Thus responses to both conventional antigens and allogeneic MHC gene products may proceed via the recognition of antigen in the context of self Ia molecules. PMID- 6220227 TI - [Study of participation of reflex mechanisms in postinhibitory rebound by analyzing the activity of individual human motor units]. AB - The mechanism of postinhibitory rebound after maximal and submaximal for M response nerve stimulation was studied on firing motor units of hand muscles (m. abd. poll. br., m. abd. dig. min.) and leg muscles (m. soleus, m. rect. fem.) of healthy people. The poststimulus histograms and changes in an interspike interval duration were compared with time course of a twitch mechanogram. In all muscles under strong evoked twitch the only cause of the burst following the silent period was the synchronous motoneuron escape from inhibition. Under strong muscle twitch a true motoneuron facilitation was revealed. It is suggested that this is a reflex response to muscle extending in muscle relaxation phase after induced twitching. In leg muscles the revealed facilitation had a latency of spinal monosynaptic reflex with regard to the supposed moment of the burst in spindle afferents. In hand muscles (with H-reflex known to be suppressed in a normal man) the adequate activation of spindles during muscle relaxation caused facilitation only with the latency of polysynaptic reflex. These data are in accordance with a hypothesis on supraspinal presynaptic inhibition of monosynaptic action of spindle afferents in motoneurons of some human muscles. PMID- 6220228 TI - Interaction of immune complexes with cultured rabbit glomerular cells. AB - Rabbit glomerular cell cultures were established from adolescent and mature rabbits in the absence of antibiotics. Fibroblast growth factor was added to half the cultures. Immune complexes (IC) formed with 125I bovine albumin and rabbit antibody were incubated with 10-day-old cultures for 44 h. Cell-IC interaction was observed in all samples but was increased in cultures without growth factor: the effect was not age dependent. Cells cultured without growth factor had increased surface accumulation of fibronectin. Addition of antifibronectin antibody to cell cultures did not inhibit cell complex interaction. The presence of unlabeled IC reduced labeled IC binding in cultures without growth factor. Binding of IC made with F(ab')2 fragments exceeded that of IC made with intact IgG. The results suggest IC bind with cultured glomerular cells and the degree of interaction is influenced by the presence of growth factors which alter cell membrane composition. PMID- 6220229 TI - [Gastroduodenoscopic findings in patients with liver cirrhosis verified by laparoscopy]. PMID- 6220230 TI - [Therapeutic use of flunarizine in the treatment arteriopathies of the lower extremities]. AB - 94 patients with Stage II obliterating arteriopathy of the lower extremities, treated with Flunarizine (10-20 mg per diem), were checked every two months for a 6 month period. Of the 76 patients reaching the final check up, 58 had received no previous treatment and 18 had ischemias secondary to reconstructive vascular surgery. Clinical improvement in terms of increased independent mobility and improved Doppler flowmeter pressure readings were noted in both groups. In view of its beneficial effects on blood vessel function in other areas, Flunarizine is felt to be a valuable drug for the treatment of peripheral arteriopathies, both initially and in cases of ischaemia following vascular surgery. PMID- 6220231 TI - [Vasodilator drugs in the therapy of chronic congestive heart failure. Clinico case contribution]. AB - After a review of the pathogenesis of congestive decompensation in the light of recent discoveries, the basis for the use of vasodilator drugs in such pathologies is discussed. The results of personal clinical experiments using hydralazine and isosorbide dinitrate are described with the conclusion that these drugs are really effective. PMID- 6220232 TI - [5 years' experience with spectinomycin in treating gonorrhea]. AB - Incidence of gonorrhoea in over 50,000 outpatients of the University of Bologna Department of Dermatology reduces to 50% in the five-year period 1976-1980. At the same time effectiveness of spectinomycin in the treatment of gonorrhoea remains unchanged. PMID- 6220233 TI - [The citizen's opinion on genetic counseling. Acceptability of the service in the province of Ferrara (Cento)]. AB - At Cento (Ferrara), a town characterized by a moderate incidence of thalassemia, only 8.62% of men and 16.53% of women have a fair knowledge of genetic diseases and of their prevention. This lack of information was common to all categories covered by the poll. In spite of this, public was generally in favour of a genetic consultancy service. Table 1 reveals that 74.14% of men and 83.47% of women would use the informations provided by genetic consultancy for preventive purposes. PMID- 6220234 TI - [Decrease of plasma dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate after intravenous administration of oxytocin in normal males]. PMID- 6220235 TI - Sickness compensation. PMID- 6220236 TI - Risk of wound and pelvic infection after laparoscopic tubal sterilization: instrument disinfection versus sterilization. AB - To determine if disinfection, rather than sterilization, of laparoscopic equipment leads to an increase in the risk of postlaparoscopy infection, the authors analyzed data from a multicenter prospective study conducted by the Centers for Disease Control on the safety of sterilizing operations. From September 1978 through July 1981, 3903 women underwent laparoscopic tubal sterilization procedures in which the equipment was sterilized with ethylene oxide (58%) or disinfected with glutaraldehyde (42%). The overall risk of wound infection in each group was 1.5 per 100 women. The relative risk of wound infection for disinfection versus sterilization of the equipment was 0.5 when adjusted for differences in the two groups. The corresponding relative risk of pelvic infection was 1.2. These results suggest that laparoscopy equipment disinfected with glutaraldehyde is not associated with an increased risk of wound or pelvic infection compared with equipment sterilized with ethylene oxide. PMID- 6220237 TI - In search of justice in injury liability law. PMID- 6220238 TI - [Prevention of caries using Delton (occlusal sealant)]. PMID- 6220239 TI - [Dental materials and prevention: occlusal sealants]. PMID- 6220240 TI - [Comparative review of the cancer situation in Central Europe]. PMID- 6220241 TI - [Smoking and preventive medicine]. PMID- 6220242 TI - [Rehabilitation measures for risk patients--yes or no?]. PMID- 6220243 TI - [Results of the Munich blood pressure study and the structure of Munich blood pressure program]. PMID- 6220244 TI - [Reliability of the clinical causes of death for mortality statistics]. PMID- 6220245 TI - [Interim assessment of school reforms]. PMID- 6220246 TI - [Urine control program--a concept of outpatient care of criminal drug addicts]. PMID- 6220247 TI - [Are the public health physician and the Public Health Department unnecessary? What is the future of public health service?]. PMID- 6220248 TI - [Developmental trends in the public health service in Germany. Reflections on historical sociology of public health care]. PMID- 6220249 TI - [Trends in mortality in West Germany, 1952-1979. 1: Total mortality and age standardized mortality in cardiovascular diseases and cancer]. PMID- 6220250 TI - [Medical supervision of severely handicapped patients at a school for the handicapped]. PMID- 6220251 TI - [Silicosis and its consequences from the patient's viewpoint]. PMID- 6220252 TI - [Subjective perception of myocardial infarct and its causes]. PMID- 6220253 TI - [Waste collection in the hospital]. PMID- 6220254 TI - [Social health surveys on the living, housing and health relations of Turkish migrant workers in Lower Franconia]. PMID- 6220255 TI - [Planning and organization of mental health services]. PMID- 6220256 TI - [Type and incidence of systemic diseases in children 5-18 years old attending the dental office]. PMID- 6220257 TI - [Age-related changes in the immune response of mouse (CBA x C57BL)F1 hybrids. II. Effect of hydrocortisone on the specific immunosuppression phenomenon and the role of nonspecific suppressor cells in the antibody formation process in old animals]. AB - The effect of hydrocortisone on the phenomenon of specific immunosuppression and on antibody formation was studied in old mice. The decrease of immune response in the old CBA X C57BL F1 mice appears to be due to a high suppressive activity of cells-regulators which are accumulated in the spleen with senescence. It is suggested that these cells-suppressors belong to the population of non-specific T cells sensitive to hydrocortisone. The effector T-cells-suppressors participating in specific suppression of the immune response to sheep erythrocytes in young CBA X C57BL F1 mice are resistant against hydrocortisone. PMID- 6220258 TI - Histochemical studies of glycosidase activity in juveniles and adults of the lung fluke Paragonimus. AB - Glycosidase activities in the adults and juveniles of the lung fluke Paragonimus ohirai and P. westermani adults were demonstrated histochemically. For comparative studies, histochemical examination was also made on the adults of the liver fluke Fasciola hepatica. The enzymes examined were N-acetyl-beta glucosaminidase (EC 3.2.1.30), beta-glucuronidase (EC 3.2.1.31), beta galactosidase (EC 3.2.1.23), alpha-glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.20) and beta-glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.21). The distribution of beta-glucosaminidase was similar in juveniles and adults. Strong reaction sites for the enzyme were the caecal brush border, tegument, subtegumental cells and tests. In contrast, no staining reaction occurred in the caeca of F. hepatica, although the tegument and parenchymal cells were weakly stained. beta-glucuronidase activity was associated only with the luminal surface of the caeca in the juveniles. However, luminal contents also appeared stained and this might suggest that the activity in the caeca is not endogenous. beta-galactosidase was localized in the caeca, sub-tegmental cells and tegument in both juveniles and adults. No reaction occurred for the other two enzymes, alpha- and beta-glucosidase. PMID- 6220259 TI - Breakthrough. Cory Florentino: model of courage. PMID- 6220260 TI - Nursing Mirror community forum. 3. Handicapping conditions in childhood. PMID- 6220261 TI - Nursing Mirror community forum. 3. Handicapping conditions in childhood: the right word at the right time. PMID- 6220262 TI - Piperacillin sodium: antibacterial spectrum, pharmacokinetics, clinical efficacy, and adverse reactions. AB - Piperacillin sodium is a beta lactam antibiotic with a broad range of antibacterial activity that includes gram-negative bacilli, gram-positive cocci (except penicillinase-producing S. aureus) and anaerobic pathogens such as Clostridium difficile, and Bacteroides fragilis. Piperacillin inhibits many of the members of the Enterobacteriaceae, including Klebsiella sp and Pseudomonas, at lower concentrations than required for carbenicillin and ticarcillin. Piperacillin sodium is administered by intramuscular and intravenous injection and is widely distributed throughout body fluids and tissues. Like other newer penicillins, piperacillin is excreted by both renal and biliary mechanisms. The primary route of elimination is by glomerular filtration, which results in high urinary concentrations of the unchanged compound. Piperacillin has been approved for patients with serious infection caused by susceptible strains of specific organisms in intra-abdominal, urinary tract, gynecologic, lower respiratory tract, skin and skin structure, bone and joint, and gonococcal infections and septicemia. As with other penicillins, piperacillin has a low frequency of toxicity. The usual dose of piperacillin in adults with serious infections with normal renal function is 3-4 g every 4-6 hr as a 20-30 min infusion, with a maximum dose of 24 g per day. It is stable in most large volume parenteral solutions. Less serious infectins (requiring smaller dosages) may be treated by intramuscular injection; however, no more than 2 g should be given at any one injection site. Overall, piperacillin has a greater degree of activity than other penicillins. Evidence from prospective studies indicates that piperacillin is a highly effective agent for the treatment of patients with infections caused by susceptible organisms. PMID- 6220264 TI - Lyme disease with neurologic abnormalities. PMID- 6220263 TI - Microbiology, pharmacology, and clinical use of mezlocillin sodium. AB - The acylureido penicillin mezlocillin is active against gram-positive, gram negative, and anaerobic bacteria. It easily penetrates the outer membrane of gram negative bacteria, and it has a strong affinity for penicillin binding protein 3. Its stability to beta-lactamases is weak. Mezlocillin is synergistic when given in combination with aminoglycoside antibiotics. In pharmacokinetic studies mezlocillin conforms to a two compartment open model; its pharmacokinetic properties are dose-dependent. The half-life of the drug is about 1 hour after intravenous injection and 1.5 hours after intramuscular injection. Protein binding ranges from 16 to 42%, and 55% of a dose is excreted in the urine. Biliary excretion ranges from 0.5 to 25%. Clinical trial cure rates were as follows: bacteremia (78%), respiratory tract (62%), urinary tract (81%), gynecological (86%), bone and joint (55%), intraabdominal (67%) and skin and soft tissue (59%). The frequency of adverse reactions was 7.7%. Interstitial nephritis, CNS toxicity, and bleeding have not been reported. PMID- 6220265 TI - Effect of various sulfur compounds on the transport system enzymes in human erythrocyte membranes. AB - We investigated the action of radioprotective agents: sodium S-(4 ethylphenylcarbonylmethylene)-thiosulfuric acid (SEPT), 2-(4-chlorophenyl) thiazolidine (CPT) and dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), on Na+/K+ATPase and Mg2+ATPase activity. SEPT inactivated more strongly Mg2+ATPase than Na+/K+ATPase, CPT dissolved in DMSO inhibited the activity of Mg2+ATPase, but did not affect that of Na+/K+ATPase. DMSO alone increased the activity of Mg2+ATPase and inhibited that of Na+/K+ATPase. Thus DMSO and CPT seem to act antagonistically on the activity of ATPases. The results indicate that radioprotectants strongly affect ATPases participating in membrane transport. PMID- 6220266 TI - Reconstructive operation of large incisional hernias. AB - During the last 18 years we have treated few hundreds of patients with large incisional hernias. In more than the half of the cases our surgical procedure followed 3, 4 or even 5 previous surgical operations. In about 160 patients the hernia was connected with obesity, and in 25 females with pendulous abdomen. Our results were good due to anatomic and plastic reconstruction of the abdominal wall, and in case of the tension in the suture line--the application of decompression sutures or the implantation of knitted nets. PMID- 6220267 TI - Effects of fusarium cultures, T-2 toxin, and zearalenone on reproduction of turkey females. AB - Nicholas Large White turkey hens in egg production (10 per treatment) were individually fed cultures of Fusarium roseum 'Gibbosum' to provide 100 ppm zearalenone, Fusarium tricinctum at a level of .1% of the diet, Fusarium roseum Alaska at a level of 2% of the diet, 100 ppm purified zearalenone, and 5 ppm purified T-2 toxin for 8 weeks. The following 4 weeks the birds were fed a control diet. Hens were inseminated every 2 weeks with .05 ml of pooled semen from males fed a control diet. After 30 days of toxin feeding, hens were innoculated with a killed Newcastle disease virus preparation. Blood samples were obtained periodically. Egg fertility and titers to Newcastle disease virus were unaffected by treatment. Egg weight was reduced by F. roseum 'Gibbosum'. F. roseum 'Gibbosum' and F. tricinctum caused decreases in feed consumption, body weight, and egg production. Egg production was decreased by zearalenone and T-2 toxin. Hens fed F. roseum 'Gibbosum', F. tricinctum, and T-2 toxin exhibited mouth lesions that healed rapidly upon withdrawing toxic feed. Hatchability of fertile eggs was reduced by feeding F. roseum 'Gibbosum', F. tricinctum and F. roseum Alaska to 28, 78, and 49%, respectively, of control values by the end of the 8 week test period. Upon removal of toxic feed, hatchability rapidly returned to control levels. Embryo mortality occurred mainly in the first 10 days of incubation for F. roseum Alaska and the last 18 days for F. roseum 'Gibbosum' and F. tricinctum fed hens. It appears that mycotoxins other than zearalenone and T-2 toxin are responsible for reduced hatchability from feeding Fusarium cultures. PMID- 6220268 TI - [Results of microneurosurgical treatment of 300 intracranial arterial aneurysms]. AB - The authors present the results obtained with the current neurosurgical treatment in an homogeneous of 292 patients totalling 300 intracranial arterial aneurysms. The cure rate was 74% and the death rate 14%; poor results were obtained in 12% of the cases. Analyzed globally, the main prognostic factors were the patient's age and general condition, the site and mode of rupture of the aneurysm and the timing of surgery. PMID- 6220269 TI - [Gynecomastia: effect of prolonged treatment with dihydrotestosterone by the percutaneous route]. AB - Gynaecomastia is a frequent disorder, sometimes painful or psychologically disturbing. Percutaneous dihydrotestosterone (DHT) was used to treat 30 patients with idiopathic gynaecomastia (IG) and 17 patients in whom the condition was associated with hypogonadism. All patients complaining of pain were relieved. Breast enlargement regressed or was substantially reduced in 22 of the IG patients and in all cases with hypogonadism, except those with gonadal dysgenesis. Plasma levels of testosterone and 17 beta-estradiol were significantly lowered in patients with IG as compared with controls. There was a significant increase in plasma DHT levels and in plasma androgen/estradiol ratio in all cases. The beneficial effects of the drug were manifest within 1 to 2 months in responsive patients. These effects may be due to a local and/or systemic activity. It is suggested that this medium-term treatment without side effects should be tried in all cases of hypogonadism with gynaecomastia and in IG before considering more drastic therapeutic measures. PMID- 6220270 TI - [Urinary excretion of lithogenic substances in hospitalized patients with calcium lithiasis. Physiopathologic meaning and prognostic value]. AB - The urinary excretion of various substances involved in kidney stone formation was evaluated in 67 patients with hypercalciuric lithiasis (HCl), 36 lithiasis patients with normal calciuria (NCl) and 21 controls without urinary stones. All subjects were hospitalized for 3 days and given a calcium, phosphorous and sodium controlled diet. The 24-hour urine volume was significantly larger in the HCl and NCl groups than in controls. The 24-hour Ca, Na and uric acid excretion was significantly greater in the HCl group than in the NCl and control groups. Oxalate and pyrophosphate excretion was the same in all three groups. Urinary Ca correlated with urinary creatinine in the HCl and control groups, but the slope and ordinate of the regression line were significantly higher in the former group. Similarly, urinary Na correlated with urinary creatinine in the HCl and control groups with a significantly steeper slope in the HCl group. These data are suggestive of abnormalities in the tubular reabsorption of Ca and Na in HCl patients. Finally, there was no correlation between the values obtained and the activity of the disease, as evaluated by the finding of at least 3 urinary stones or one staghorn calculus during the 5 years preceding the study. It is concluded that measurements of Ca, Na, uric acid, creatine, oxalates and phosphates during a stay in hospital provide pathophysiological information but cannot be taken as indices of urolithiasis activity. PMID- 6220271 TI - [Renal radioisotope study with 123I-hippuran in the monitoring of transplants]. AB - Hippuran labelled with iodine 123 is now used for short- and long-term monitoring of renal transplants. Sixty-one explorations were performed in 24 patients, using this new radiopharmaceutical agent. Repeated explorations, facilitated by the lower doses of radiations as compared with 131I-hippuran, are particularly useful to diagnose thrombosis of the renal artery, early acute tubular lesions, acute and chronic rejection and impaired evacuation of the kidney. 123I-hippuran is the first-choice method of exploration of transplanted kidneys and can be followed, if required, by explorations more aggressive for the patient and the kidney. PMID- 6220272 TI - [The hepatorenal syndrome]. AB - The hepatorenal syndrome is a renal failure in patients with decompensated cirrhosis. It is characterized by the absence of histological lesions of the kidneys and a poor prognosis. The functional renal failure is due to active cortical vasoconstriction, the mechanism of which is unknown. Blockade of prostaglandins, which are vasoactive substances necessary to maintain a normal renal blood flow, results in a transient hepatorenal syndrome in cirrhotic patients with ascites. Leukotriens, which are vasoconstrictive substances, might play a major causative role. There is, as yet, no specific treatment. PMID- 6220273 TI - [Total gastrectomy. Primary esophagojejunal anastomosis, the organ in place, using linear mechanical suture staplers]. AB - In "mechanical" surgery, continuity of the digestive tract may be re-established with either circular (E.E.A. - I.L.S.) or linear stapled anastomosis (G.I.A. - T.A.). For oesophago-jejunal anastomosis, the authors prefer the second method which provides wider anastomosis without the risk of stenosis attached to circular sutures. The stomach is kept for traction, thus facilitating the procedure, which can be performed through the abdominal incision. PMID- 6220274 TI - [Repeated bilateral pneumothorax in bird breeder's disease. Disclosure by lesional pulmonary edema]. PMID- 6220275 TI - [The epigastric artery. Methodology and value of Doppler ultrasonography]. PMID- 6220276 TI - [Appearance of karyotype abnormalities in Kahler's disease]. PMID- 6220277 TI - [Growth retardation induced by Crohn's disease]. PMID- 6220278 TI - [Pulmonary fibrosis during a treatment with amiodarone. A possible side-effect]. PMID- 6220279 TI - [Paraneoplastic hypercalcemia. Lung uptake during bone scintigraphy with technetium]. PMID- 6220280 TI - [Circulating immune complexes in recurrent respiratory diseases in children]. PMID- 6220281 TI - [The state of home hemodialysis in 1982]. PMID- 6220282 TI - [Treatment of enterobacterial meningitis in adults with intravenous lamoxactam]. AB - Meningitis caused by Gram-negative bacilli creates difficult problems since most strains are multiresistant. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of lamoxactam administered intravenously. Eleven patients admitted to an intensive care unit with meningitis due to Gram-negative bacilli were treated with this antibiotic, administered alone in 9 cases. Three patients had ventriculitis. Eight survived. The MICs ranged from 0.06 to 0.5 microgram/ml in 10 cases. The CSF was sterilized and rapidly became normal. Meningeal concentrations varied from 1-5 to 62 micrograms/ml and the CSF was bactericidal. In one female patient the CSF was sterile on the 5th day of treatment but remained abnormal; the meningeal concentration of lamoxactam (35 micrograms/ml) was much higher than the MIC (2 micrograms/ml) but below the MBC (128 micrograms/ml), which was consistent with the absence of bactericidal effect of the CSF. Owing to its very low CMIs and satisfactory passage through the blood brain barrier, lamoxactam administered alone can be successful in the treatment of Gram-negative meningitis and ventriculitis. However, the bactericidal effect of the CSF should be rapidly assessed. PMID- 6220283 TI - [Emergency treatment of severe hemoptysis by embolization of systemic arteries]. AB - Over a 6-year period 23 patients with massive haemoptysis were treated at the Hopital Tenon, Paris. Eighteen of these, usually considered "non-surgical" cases, underwent emergency embolization of the bronchial artery (B.A.E.). The immediate outcome was favourable in 14 patients; 4 died of early recurrence. B.A.E. therefore appears to be a valuable treatment of massive haemoptysis in "non surgical" patients or in patients awaiting transfer to a thoracic surgery unit. However, because of the failure rate, B.A.E. cannot compete with thoracic surgery in its classical indications, and its effectiveness and safety should be compared with those of balloon catheter endobronchial tamponade in "non-surgical" patients. PMID- 6220284 TI - [Value of differential cytology in the diagnosis of preclinical forms of cervix uteri cancer]. AB - The value of "differential cytology" in the diagnosis of preclinical carcinoma of the cervix uteri was assessed from serial sections of operative specimens in a series of 452 patients. Although not absolute, this value was found to be considerable. Used to supplement colposcopy-guided biopsy, it makes it possible to decide on the therapeutic approach (notably simple destruction by laser) without having recourse to conization. However, the results are only valid for the team which presents them, and before deciding to treat intra-epithelial carcinomas by laser destruction, each team must perform the same "quality control". PMID- 6220285 TI - [Long-term prognosis of resuscitation after cardiocirculatory arrest in coronary disease patients]. AB - In France alone, coronary diseases are responsible for about 30 000 sudden deaths each year. In 60 to 90% of the cases cardiac arrest (CA) is due to ventricular fibrillation. The overall survival rate after CA is 66-92% at 1 year and 67-87% at 2 years. The long-term prognosis is more favourable when CA occurs during a recent infarction. Frequent, polymorphous, paired or consecutive ventricular extrasystoles, three-vessel coronary lesions, an ejection fraction lower than 0.30 and repetitive ventricular response to electrophysiological stimulation indicate severe myocardial damage and suggest that CA might recur. The preventive treatment of recurrent CA has not yet been fully established. Beta-blockers should probably be used widely, but the protective effect of other anti arrhythmic agents is more questionable. Coronary artery bypass reduces mortality in patients who survive CA but has not been proven to lower the recurrence rate. PMID- 6220286 TI - [Section of the left triangular ligament of the liver. Connection between the left diaphragmatic and suprahepatic veins]. AB - Connection between the left hepatic veins and inferior diaphragmatic veins were studied after injection in 20 embalmed cadavers. An unusual (5%) variant is described in which the left diaphragmatic vein replaces the left posterior hepatic vein and drains sub-segmental branches. Simple methods to recognize this abnormality are described. In such cases, it is recommended, when dividing the left triangular ligament, to sever the left inferior diaphragmatic vein between two ligatures and to work behind it. PMID- 6220287 TI - [Sputum eosinophilic proteins in asthma. Role of bronchopulmonary superinfection]. PMID- 6220288 TI - [A rare cause of food block. Intramural pseudodiverticulosis of the esophagus]. PMID- 6220290 TI - [Thrombopenia induced by standard heparin. Therapeutic attempt using a low molecular weight heparin]. PMID- 6220289 TI - [Mercury poisoning by the vaginal route. Rare cause of acute renal insufficiency after abortion]. PMID- 6220291 TI - [New therapeutic combination successfully used in a case of nocardiosis]. PMID- 6220292 TI - [Treatment of hernias and eventrations. Use of an absorbable polyglactin 910 net]. PMID- 6220293 TI - [Association of monoclonal gammopathy and liver disease]. PMID- 6220294 TI - [Myoclonic encephalopathy in a patient treated with an excessive dose of buflomedil]. PMID- 6220295 TI - [Ongoing management of periodicals in a library and library systems]. PMID- 6220296 TI - [Hemoglobin A1c and its variations in pregnancy]. AB - Variations in haemoglobin A1c were studied at different stages of pregnancy in 306 non-diabetic women, using a specific method. It was found that HbA1c levels progressively decreased during the first 25 weeks of pregnancy, then remained stable. No correlation was noted between carbohydrate metabolis and Hb A1c levels. The new assay provides additional information on glucose tolerance in pregnant women and could be used to detect gestational diabetes. PMID- 6220298 TI - [Plasma androgens in women with disseminated lupus erythematosus]. AB - Plasma androgen levels were determined by radio-immunoassay in 19 female patients (aged 14 to 42 years) with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). In 11 patients studied in the active phase of the disease, prior to any corticosteroid therapy, mean (+/- SEM) plasma concentrations (ng/ml) of the following androgens were significantly reduced as compared with controls (12 normal women aged 19-37 years): testosterone (0.119 +/- 0.021 vs 0.330 +/- 0.034, p less than 0.001), dihydrotestosterone (0.078 +/- 0.013 vs 0.150 +/- 0.014, p less than 0.01), dehydroepiandrosterone (1.60 +/- 0.16 vs 4.30 +/- 0.50, p less than 0.001), dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (480 +/- 102 vs 1020 +/- 92, p less than 0.001), and androstenedione (0.69 +/- 0.22 vs 1.45 +/- 0.18, p less than 0.02). In 8 patients studied while in post-therapeutic remission, six months to seven years after corticosteroid withdrawal, plasma concentrations of the same androgens (except androstenedione) were also significantly reduced as compared with controls, although to a lesser degree. In neither of the two patient groups were cortisol and estradiol levels significantly different from controls. Our results suggest that low plasma androgen levels could be a permanent disorder in female SLE patients, at least in severe forms of the disease. PMID- 6220297 TI - [Hemodialysis during extracorporeal circulation. Valve replacement in dialyzed patients with chronic renal insufficiency. 4 case reports]. PMID- 6220299 TI - [Pulmonary valvulotomy or valvulectomy with simple clamping of the vena cava in infants and young children]. AB - In infants and young children pulmonary valvulotomy or valvulectomy under simple clamping of the vena cava is the treatment of choice for pulmonary valve stenosis with normal interventricular septum. The technique, performed without cardiopulmonary bypass, is described. In 40 patients operated upon, the peri operative mortality was 10% and short-term clinical results were satisfactory. PMID- 6220300 TI - [Delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity in Hodgkin disease. Quantitative study using a new standardized system of multipunctures]. PMID- 6220301 TI - [Solitary ulcer of the rectum. A case report]. PMID- 6220302 TI - [Water origin of Aeromonas hydrophila hospital infections]. PMID- 6220303 TI - [Septic shock and infarction of the mesemtery in an Aeromonas hydrophila septicemia]. PMID- 6220304 TI - [Rubella immunity 6 to 10 years following vaccination of previously seronegative young girls]. PMID- 6220305 TI - [Tracheobronchomegaly: a frequently ignored cause of recurrent bronchopulmonary infections]. PMID- 6220306 TI - [Viral particles in monoclonal antibody preparations]. PMID- 6220307 TI - [Myeloma with hypereosinophilia. Eosinophil reaction following melphalan]. PMID- 6220308 TI - [Polyradiculoneuritis in toxoplasmosis]. PMID- 6220309 TI - [At what stage is the prevention of rectocolonic cancers?]. PMID- 6220311 TI - [Adenine arabinoside: hope in the treatment of chronic virus B hepatitis]. AB - Five patients presenting with HBs Ag and HBe Ag-positive chronic hepatitis were treated with adenosine arabinoside (Vidarabine) in doses of 15 mg/kg/day. The drug was administered by intravenous infusion in 2 series of 5 infusions each separated by 2-day intervals. Two patients had a second course 4 months after the first one. There were no clinical or biochemical adverse reactions. Following treatment, serum transaminase levels returned to normal. All patients became HB Ag-negative, with presence of anti-HBe antibody in three; two patients became HBs Ag-negative, with presence of anti-HBs antibody in one. Although very short, this series should encourage further therapeutic studies, including a controlled, randomized trial in a large number of patients. PMID- 6220310 TI - [Apoproteins A1 and B as markers of the severity of cirrhosis]. AB - Since apolipoproteins A1 and B (Apo A1 and Apo B), which are the quantitatively predominant fractions of plasma lipoproteins, are synthetized and/or metabolized in the liver, their variations could represent a significant prognostic factor in patients with cirrhosis. In order to test this theory, the concentrations of Apo A1 and Apo B were measured in 43 patients with confirmed cirrhosis and were found to be reduced. These changes correlated with a number of biochemical tests measuring hepatic function and indicating severe cirrhosis, as well as with a clinico-biological severity index based on these biochemical tests and on the importance of clinical complications during the course of the disease. It is concluded that Apo 1 and Apo B determinations constitute a valuable index of liver synthetizing function. PMID- 6220312 TI - [Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria. Increase in proteins of the alternative complement pathway]. AB - Increased activity of the complement alternative pathway proteins C3, B and H was found in the sera of 16 patients with paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria (PNH). This increased activity might depend on protein hypersynthesis secondary to in vivo low-grade complement consumption by abnormal erythrocytes in PNH patients, despite the fact that serum levels of C3d were found to be normal. B and H activities were directly related; however, the B/H ratio was higher in patients whose sera had been taken early after an episode of haemoglobinuria. Activation of the alternative pathway, which is known to result in vitro lysis of PNH erythrocytes, only accounts for part of the events leading to chronic haemolysis and haemoglobinuria in vitro. PMID- 6220313 TI - [Rehabilitation of Mikulicz's drain. An irreplaceable procedure in difficult drainage]. AB - Following technical consideration on the use of Mikulicz's drain, with emphasis on introduction and irrigation with hydrogen peroxide, the authors describe its advantages: wide drainage, extraperito-nealization of the septic focus and removal without general anaesthesia. Such advantages clearly overcome the drawbacks which are now reduced by a strict and well codified application of this type of drain: prolonged purulent discharge, fistulae and incisional hernias are rare. Nowadays, the Mikulicz's drain is mainly indicated in diffuse peritonitis (notably post-operative) difficult bleeding control, pelvectomy and hepatectomy. PMID- 6220315 TI - [Is optic neuritis in alcoholics caused by formic acid?]. PMID- 6220314 TI - [Posterior urethral valves in the very young infant: rupture by balloon catheter]. AB - A simple treatment of valves obstructing the posterior urethra in male neonates consists of breaking them by pulling a balloon catheter. This technique is preferable to instrumental manoeuvres, always delicate in such small urethras. In the case reported here a 28-months follow-up showed satisfactory results with regard to both renal function and urinary continence. PMID- 6220316 TI - [Corynebacterium group JK endocarditis after cardiac surgery]. PMID- 6220317 TI - [Role of standard radiography in pulmonary embolism]. PMID- 6220318 TI - [Acute adrenal insufficiency induced by antitubercular treatment in an addisonian woman. Possible role of the rifampicin-isoniazid combination]. PMID- 6220319 TI - [Cerebral lacunae caused by dilatation of the perivascular spaces]. PMID- 6220320 TI - [Early postoperative continuous enteral nutrition by a jejunostomy catheter]. PMID- 6220321 TI - [Stable iodine level in human milk after pulmonary angiography]. PMID- 6220322 TI - [Paget's bone disease. Serum antirubeola antibodies]. PMID- 6220323 TI - [Reversible acute cytolytic hepatitis caused by isaxonine]. PMID- 6220324 TI - [Mantle irradiation in Hodgkin's disease. Effect of the mediastinal size on the pericardial risk]. PMID- 6220325 TI - [Association of tricholeukocytic leukemia with primary biliary cirrhosis in a man]. PMID- 6220326 TI - [Chromosome anomalies in sterile men. Study of 717 patients]. PMID- 6220327 TI - [Cerebral insufficiency: differential diagnosis]. AB - Clinicians are mainly concerned with pathological ageing, since any new and unusual neuropsychic manifestation may indicate incipient dementia. In the absence of conclusive clinical or paraclinical criteria, the diagnostic approach consists of excluding other causative factors responsible for similar symptoms and sometimes amenable to treatment. The somatic factors of neurological disorders include in the first place expansive processes, followed by dysthyroidism, anterior pituitary insufficiency, iatrogenic factors and various biochemical disturbances. In the field of psychiatry, depressive states may produce symptoms which only differ from dementia on minor points of semiology. Therapeutic tests with antidepressants should be used when investigating uncommon psychic disorders in elderly patients. PMID- 6220328 TI - [Biochemical aspects of cerebral aging. Role of oxygen]. AB - Only in multiple ischaemic accidents is a reduced oxygen supply to the central nervous system the sole cause of mental impairment. However, oxygen deprivation due to dysregulation of the cerebral blood flow may play a role in elderly atheromatous subjects, in association with primary abnormalities in neuron metabolism. Whatever the importance of oxygen deficiency, major disturbances in oxidative metabolism are present in the aged neuron, including alterations of glycolysis (mostly anaerobic), Krebs' cycle and the redox chain of mitochondria. It has been hypothetized that these disturbances are due to genetic or post transcription abnormal enzyme synthesis and/or alterations in mitochondria cytoplasma exchanges due to the action of free radicals on mitochondrial membrane. The effects of these disturbances are twofold. They certainly result in reduction of energy in the aged neuron with less possibility than the adult neuron to increase its metabolic activity, and they induce perhaps disorders in the synthesis of neurotransmitter aminoacids, acetylcholine and gangliosides. PMID- 6220329 TI - [Viewpoints on the therapeutic trials in senile cerebral insufficiency]. AB - The experience acquired and a better understanding of the pathogenesis of cerebral impairment in elderly subjects have enabled the authors to propose certain rules for therapeutic trials in such patients. The patient population should be homogeneous with regard to the severity of cerebral impairment. A clear cut distinction should be made between at least two categories of patients: those at home and those in institutions. Impairments due to different causes (arteriopathy, parkinsonism, traumas, chronic intoxication, idiopathic) require different trials. Criteria of assessment should intervene at recruitment to homogenize the degrees of severity. They should be consistent with the purpose of the trial (pragmatic or explicative) and with its duration and the number of subjects involved. In pragmatic trials assessment should be based on changes in social and affective relationships or even changes in the likelihood of admission to an institution. Assessment scales using psychometric, clinical and socio affective criteria may be used provided the importance of each criterion is weighed beforehand and the results concern overall changes rather than changes of any particular item. Such trials are necessarily protracted and involve a large number of patients. Psychometric and neurophysiological tests seem to be best suited to explicative trials, as they are reproducible and easily performed. While they may demonstrate the effects of the drug on memory, mood, alertness, etc., or merely show an impact on the central nervous system, this does not necessarily mean that they are of interest in senile cerebral impairment. Explicative trials, which are shorter and require less patients, help to select the drugs suitable for long-term trials. Finally concerning the three topics constantly debated when organizing such trials, viz, maximum age of the subjects, use of a cross-over method and association of psychotropic drugs, the authors' opinion is: (a) there is no reason for an upper age limit; (b) cross-over studies should be avoided, and (c) psychotropic drugs must be banned in short-term trials but are unavoidable in long-term trials. PMID- 6220330 TI - [Pharmacological approach to a treatment of senescence and cerebrovascular deficiencies related to hypoxia. Application to 5023 SE]. AB - Duxil is a combination of almitrine and raubasine. Almitrine produces an increase of PaO2 in arterial blood, and this beneficial effect on hypoxemia is potentiated by that of raubasine on microcirculation. Pharmacological studies of Duxil in healthy animals and experimental models have demonstrated that the drug increases arterial oxygen supply, improves tissue oxygenation and is capable of correcting vascular and metabolic disorders due to hypoxia. After administration of Duxil to animals whose brain has been severely deprived of oxygen by experimental anoxia or ischaemia, the oxygen supply is sufficient for the brain cells to take up their preferential substrate (glucose) and to use it through the most energy producing aerobic pathway. Thus, the energy stores (ATP or glycogen) of these cells are spared and above all, their structural integrity is preserved. Their functional activity may be maintained, and this would justify the use of Duxil in mental and behavioural disorders of cerebral senescence and cerebro-vascular diseases related to hypoxia. PMID- 6220331 TI - [Ultrastructural study of acute ischemia at the cerebral level. Effects of 5023 SE]. AB - The effects of ischaemia on nervous tissue and cerebral capillary vessel ultrastructure and their prevention by Duxil were studied in rabbits. Ischaemia induced by bilateral occlusion of the carotid arteries induced minor changes in the endothelium of some capillary vessels: irregularities in the luminal surface with subsequent increase in the number of caveolae, increase in the number and size of membrane microvillosities and bullae, and retraction of the nuclei. Ischaemia acted mainly on astrocyte processes and perikarion which became shollen with altered mitochondria and complete absence of glycogen. The neurons remained normal but seemed to contain slightly more lysosomes. After administration of Duxil 10 min before ischaemia was induced, there were no endothelial changes; the astrocytes were less swollen and above all, their glycogen content was preserved; there seemed to be less lysosomes in the neurons. The effects of Duxil on cell oxygenation and oxidative metabolism may account for its protective action on endothelial, glial and neural cells. PMID- 6220332 TI - [Ultrastructural study of acute ischemia at the peripheral level. Effects of 5023 SE]. AB - The effects of ischaemia on the arterial wall were studied in fragments of common carotid artery taken downstream from the occlusion. They consisted of intracytoplasmic or intrajunctional lacunae, vacuoles, craters, detachment or disruption of cell membranes with formation of blebs or bullae, retraction of numerous nuclei, swelling of the ergastoplasm and perhaps increase in pinocytosis. The administration of Duxil, a corrector of metabolism, 10 min prior to inducing ischaemia resulted in considerable reduction of these lesions as compared to untreated animals. PMID- 6220333 TI - [Effects of 5023 SE on experimental cerebral ischemia in gerbils]. AB - Unilateral ligation of the common carotid artery of gerbils results in cerebral edema and ipsilateral hemiparesia ending in death. The clinical symptoms of this experimental ischaemia can be quantified. Comparison of untreated gerbils and gerbils treated with Duxil showed that the drug reduces the neuropathological symptoms and cerebral edema induced by ischaemia and improves the vital prognosis in these animals. PMID- 6220334 TI - [Comparison of the effects of almitrine, raubasine and 5023 SE on arterial oxygen desaturation during exercise]. AB - The effects of almitrine (60 mg/24 h), raubasine (20 mg/24 h) and Duxil administered orally were compared in 30 elderly subjects (mean age: 60 years) who showed a decrease in oxygen saturation during maximum exercise. After 1 month of treatment, raubasine proved ineffective whereas almitrine and Duxil significantly reduced this decrease. The effect of Duxil was significantly more pronounced than that of almitrine. PMID- 6220335 TI - [Effects of 5023 SE on PaO2 at rest in elderly patients with cerebral impairment. A double-blind cross-over trial versus placebo]. AB - In a double-blind cross-over study, the effects of Duxil on blood gases at rest were compared to those of a placebo in 39 elderly patients (mean age: 74.8 years). The study lasted 6 months divided into two 3-month periods. A mean increase of 2.10 mmHg in PaO2 was observed in patients under Duxil, the difference with the results obtained under placebo being statistically significant (p less than 0.01). At that dosage level, Duxil may therefore be considered an active treatment of hypoxia associated with old age. PMID- 6220336 TI - [Demonstration of the therapeutic activity of 5023 SE on intellectual and psychomotor efficacy in elderly impaired patients. Double-blind controlled study versus placebo]. AB - A controlled double-blind drug versus placebo trial was conducted in a population of mentally impaired hospital patients divided at random into two groups. In the group treated with Duxil the level of intelligence remained stable and the mental and psychomotor performances improved, as demonstrated by the response time to sounds and colours and by the number of correct answers and errors by perseveration in the Benton's test. The improvement observed under Duxil may be ascribed to a better use of the remaining intellectual capabilities. PMID- 6220337 TI - [Value of pyrazinamide in the short-term treatment of tuberculosis]. PMID- 6220338 TI - [Diagnosis of bone metastases. Value of the guided puncture and the posterior iliac crest systematic puncture-biopsy]. AB - The results of bone puncture (P) or aspiration biopsy (AB) in a series of 82 patients with skeletal metastases are reported. In 71 patients, AB of the posterior iliac crest was performed systematically, irrespective of the site of the bone lesion and without aiming at a suspicious area. In 11 patients, P or AB were guided by televised fluoroscopy towards an image of bone metastasis. With either method, a diagnosis of metastasis was made in 42/82 patients, i.e. 50%. With the first method, positive results were obtained in 43.7% of the cases; the figure rose to 54% in cases with known primary cancer and abnormal X-ray image and dropped to 36% in cases with abnormal image and no history of cancer, and to 9 p. 100 in cases with normal X-ray films. In all 11 patients had fluoroscopy guided P or AB, histological examination of the specimens was positive for metastasis. PMID- 6220339 TI - [Prevalence of protein malnutrition on admission in internal medicine. Study of 260 hospitalized adults]. AB - The nutritional protein status of 260 unselected adult patients admitted to an internal medicine hospital unit and of 60 healthy controls was evaluated by measurement of the brachial muscular perimeter and of the weight--height ratio and by assay of serum albumin, prealbumin, retinol-binding protein and transferrin. The values most frequently low were those of retinol-binding protein (66%), prealbumin (42%) and albumin (25%). The sensitivity of short half-life serum protein assays is underlined. Twenty-eight p.cent of patients were found to have protein malnutrition on admission, most of these being women and patients older than 60 years. In view of the scattering of most values in controls according to age and/or sex, it is suggested that individual reference values should be determined for this type of study and that no comparison should be made with data found in the literature. PMID- 6220340 TI - [Allogeneic immune response after blood transfusion in patients awaiting renal transplantation]. AB - To investigate the mechanisms of the beneficial effect of blood transfusions (BT) on subsequent kidney transplant survival, we studied the influence of 3 planned BT on lymphocyte reactivity and on lymphocytotoxic antibody (LT) production in previously non-transfused uremic patients. A sustained and non-specific decrease in mixed lymphocyte reactivity (MLR) was observed in approximately 60% of the cases, whereas other patients had only a transient decrease but otherwise normal or even increased responses. Neither the pre-BT degree of immune responsiveness nor the clinical status of the patients had any influence on this phenomenon. Similarly, hepatitis B seroprophylaxy or vaccination did not interfere with this BT effect. Anti-HLA, LT, which are potentially harmful for the transplant, were noted in 13% of cases, while 13% additional cases displayed "cold" anti-B lymphocyte LT which do not have the same prognostic value. In some instances, suppression of cellular reactivity developed concurrently with LT production, which indicates that there is no interaction between cellular and humoral responses induced by BT. PMID- 6220341 TI - [Y-chromosome polysomy and expression of the H-Y antigen]. AB - The sex-differentiation H-Y antigen was studied in 5 males subjects with Y chromosome polysomy. All had gonadal deficiency and significant decrease of H-Y antigen as compared with 77 normal 46, XY male controls. Men with additional Y gonosomes may be hypogonadic or, more often, fertile, as was probably the case with the 3 patients with very high H-Y antigen titers previously described by other research workers. The phenotypic polymorphism of these subjects therefore seems to be parallel with their H-Y antigen polymorphism and there may be, in our 5 subjects, a relationship between abnormal spermatogenesis and H-Y antigen deficiency. PMID- 6220342 TI - [Post-operative peritonitis. Surgical tactics and antibiotic therapy]. AB - Despite progress in general supportive measures the mortality in post-operative peritonitis remains high (around 50%). Reoperation and antimicrobial therapy are two major steps in the care of such patients. Reoperation should be considered on clinical grounds. Its major aim is to suppress the source of peritoneal infection, usually in this setting a breach in intestinal integrity. This is best achieved by temporary cutaneous enterostomy. Thorough peritoneal lavage is mandatory to ensure the removal of all particulate matter and pus. The procedure is ended by wound closing, leaving the skin layer open. Very infrequently, laparostomy has to be performed, either because of necrotizing wound infection, or deliberately, in face of peritoneal failure. If possible, when rapid healing permits delayed wound closure, laparostomy should be temporary. Antimicrobial therapy is started preferably with or just before reoperation, and is aimed at the known pathogens in post-operative abdominal sepsis, namely Bacteroides fragilis and enterobacteriaceae. A combination of nitro-imidazole and aminoglycoside or 3rd generation cephalosporin appears suitable in most cases. The duration of antimicrobial therapy is difficult to define at present but it should at least encompass the operation itself and the following 48 hours. The value of more prolonged use has not yet been established. PMID- 6220343 TI - [Study of osteoarticular infections. Sequential scintigraphy with gallium-67 citrate and technetium phosphate complexes]. PMID- 6220344 TI - [Renal cancer complicated by acute leukemia]. PMID- 6220345 TI - [Refractory supraventricular tachycardia. Therapeutic interruption of the bundle of His by electric shock]. PMID- 6220346 TI - [Cerebral vascular accidents in treated hypothyroid patients]. PMID- 6220347 TI - [African trypanosomiasis transmitted by a tick]. PMID- 6220348 TI - [Efficacy of flurbiprofen in migraine attacks?]. PMID- 6220349 TI - [Blood lipid fractions and serum lipoproteins in the chronic alcoholic. Statistical analysis of 100 cases versus 60 apparently healthy subjects of the same age]. PMID- 6220350 TI - [3d-generation cephalosporins in the treatment of purulent meningitis]. PMID- 6220351 TI - [Treatment of 18 cases of purulent meningitis with moxalactam. Pharmacokinetic data]. AB - The diffusion of moxalactam into cerebrospinal fluid was studied in 18 hospital patients with purulent meningitis treated with this antibiotic. Moxalactam was administered by intravenous infusion in doses of 2 g 8-hourly (6 g/24 h). Treatment lasted from 10 to 30 days depending on the pathogen involved. The antibiotic was assayed by high performance liquid chromatography simultaneously in serum and CSF at the time of lumbar puncture. Depending on the time elapsed since the end of the infusion, the mean CSF concentrations ranged from 32.8 to 9.37 micrograms/ml at the beginning of the disease and from 23.75 to 3.78 micrograms/ml toward the end of treatment. These values were notably higher than the MIC for most of the micro-organisms encountered. All patients were cured. PMID- 6220352 TI - [Course of obstructions of the carotid artery in the neck. 69 cases]. AB - This study involved 69 patients with occlusion of the internal carotid artery in the neck confirmed by angiography. Ten patients were operated upon and 59 were treated medically. The clinical course was roughly the same in both group. Of the 62 patients who survived the initial stroke, 50 could be followed-up for a mean period of 57 months at the end of which 12% had died, 16% remained with a major degree of functional impairment and 72% had little or no residual symptoms. All but one deaths were of non-vascular origin. New cerebral vascular accidents occurred in 16% of the cases, always in the territory of the occluded artery. The long-term benefits of surgical cerebral revascularisation are discussed in the light of these findings. PMID- 6220353 TI - [Asymptomatic thyroid dysfunction. Routine detection using the free thyroxine index]. AB - Free plasma thyroxine index (FT4I) and plasma concentrations of triiodothyronine (T3) were routinely determined on admission in 1862 hospital patients without signs or history of thyroid dysfunction. Total thyroxine (T4) and FT4I values were beyond confidence limits in 16.3% and 7.5% respectively of the patients, whereas T3 values were low in 23%. Among the 84 patients with high FT4I, 31 had clinically unsuspected hyperthyroidism confirmed by the TRH test (T3 increased in 66% of the cases). Among the 46 patients with low FT4I, 14 had demonstrable hypothyroidism (low T3 in 65% of the cases). In this population, the prevalence of proven thyroid dysfunction without clinical symptoms was 1.66% for hyperthyroidism and 0.75% for hypothyroidism. The diagnostic value of normal FT4I was estimated at 50%. The persistence of an abnormal FT4I on a second determination indicated the presence of hyperthyroidism in 72% of patients with high FT4I values and of hypothyroidism in 74% of patients with low FT4I values. In doubtful cases, TSH assays or TRH tests led to the concept of "transient" dysthyroidism, and the potential total prevalence of routinely discovered dysthyroidism could be estimated at 3.54% including 2.47% for hyperthyroidism. The latter occurred in 95% of people older than 50, with a sex ratio of 0.94. The cost of diagnosis for each new case clinically unsuspected hyperthyroidism is 1200 Z, but this could be reduced to 450 Z if only patients over 50 years of age were investigated and if FT4I determinations were replaced by free T4 determinations. PMID- 6220354 TI - [Extramembranous glomerulonephritis of acquired syphilis in a patient recently infected by the hepatitis B virus. Demonstration of the treponemal antigen in the kidney by indirect immunofluorescence]. AB - A 38 years old male homosexual with active secondary syphilis presented with pure nephrotic syndrome while HBs and HBe tests were positive without clinical hepatitis. He had circulating immune complexes, IgG--IgM cryoglobulinemia and high IgA, IgM and IgE levels; the C3 and C4 complement constituents were normal. Examination of renal biopsy sections under light, fluorescent and electronic microscopy showed stage I membranous glomerulonephritis the syphilitic origin of which was confirmed by indirect immunofluorescence and by rapid cure under penicillin treatment. This case calls for the following comments: (1) glomerular deposits are extramembranous rather than subendothelial in syphilitic nephrosis, a disease now classified among circulating immune complexes diseases; (2) in the kidney, the treponema antigen can be demonstrated by indirect immunofluorescence and the anti-treponema antibody, by elution; (3) the outcome of the nephrotic syndrome is always favourable, either spontaneously or after penicillin treatment; (4) syphilis and HBs antigens are frequently associated, particularly in homosexual patients; one should be looked for when the other is discovered. PMID- 6220355 TI - [Rhizomelic pseudopolyarthritis]. AB - Clinically, polymyalgia rheumatica is characterized by bilateral hip and shoulder pain predominant in the shoulder girdle, with a varying degree of alteration of the general condition. The erythrocyte sedimentation rate is often markedly increased. The dramatic effect of corticosteroids in low dosage confirms the diagnosis. The main problem is the relationship between the syndrome and giant cell arteritis, or Horton's disease. The therapeutic approach is strongly influenced by the risk of complications, notably ocular involvement. Another prognostic factor is the duration of the disease, which is difficult to predict. PMID- 6220356 TI - [Dilatation of the urethra by inflatable balloon catheter]. AB - An inflatable balloon catheter of the Gruntzig type was used to dilate the urethra of 25 patients. The procedure involves atraumatic catheterization by a vascular catheter under televised urethroscopy, followed by introduction on a flexible guide of the balloon catheter which is then inflated. The stenosis is visible on the balloon and the rapidity with which it "yields" can readily be appreciated. Control of dilatation is effected by voiding urethrography. This method entails much less discomfort than conventional urethral dilatation. No complication was observed in this series. Stenosis recurred in 3 patients who subsequently underwent a second balloon dilatation. PMID- 6220357 TI - [Successive myeloblastic and megakaryoblastic transformations of chronic myeloid leukemia]. PMID- 6220358 TI - [Complication of Beall's valves in the mitral position: embolus of the disc]. PMID- 6220359 TI - [Treatment of cystinosis with cysteamine]. PMID- 6220360 TI - [Serum glutamate dehydrogenase in alcoholic hepatopathies]. PMID- 6220361 TI - [Acute posttraumatic chondrocalcinosis]. PMID- 6220362 TI - [Prevention of recurrent hemorrhage caused by esophageal varices. Results of endoscopic sclerosis]. PMID- 6220363 TI - [Rare complication of radial artery catheterization. Pseudoaneurysm]. PMID- 6220364 TI - [Acute hemolytic anemia disclosing Hodgkin's disease]. PMID- 6220365 TI - [Intraoperative digestive explosions after preparation with mannitol. Role of anesthetic gases]. PMID- 6220366 TI - [Detection of drug allergy]. PMID- 6220367 TI - [Digestive localizations in Legionnaires' disease]. PMID- 6220368 TI - [Pneumoperitoneum after deep diving. Apropos of 2 cases]. PMID- 6220369 TI - [Fibronectin: its value in intensive care]. PMID- 6220371 TI - [Cardiac effects of the flow in the arteriovenous fistula. Study in 66 chronic hemodialysis patients]. AB - The effect on the heart of blood flow in the arterio-venous fistula created for haemodialysis was investigated in 66 patients with chronic renal impairment. Blood flow was measured by pulsed Doppler flowmetry. A significant (p less than 0.001) correlation was established between the signs of cardiac insufficiency and the fistula blood flow x fistula duration product. The arterio-venous fistula therefore constitutes a cardiac risk which should be quantified in chronically uraemic patients undergoing repeated haemodialysis. PMID- 6220370 TI - [Acute respiratory and circulatory failure. Prognostic value of plasma fibronectin levels]. AB - Plasma fibronectin (FNp) concentrations were measured in 63 patients with acute respiratory failure and 28 patients with circulatory failure, using Laurell's electroimmunoassay method. Measurements were made in the acute phase and repeated in the course of the disease. The mean FNp concentration in 20 controls was 262 +/- 59 mg/l. FNp values were normal in the acute phase of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and in cardiogenic pulmonary oedema. In contrast, they were significantly decreased in adult respiratory distress syndrome and in acute pneumonia, as well as in acute circulatory failure, notably from septic shock. FNp values were also considerably reduced in patients with severe disseminated intravascular coagulation syndrome. Clinical improvement was accompanied by a return to normal of FNp concentrations. The mortality rate was greater in patients with low FNp values than in those with normal values. PMID- 6220372 TI - [Prevention of pulmonary embolism by the Kimray-Greenfield filter. 22 cases]. AB - At present, the Kimray-Greenfield filter appears to be the best intraluminal method for preventing thromboembolism, as it is simple, effective and innocuous. The authors report their experience in the first 22 cases. They were surprised by the frequent problems encountered in installing the filter, especially by the femoral route. Two accidents occurred during the procedure: a filter introduced through the jugular vein migrated as soon as it was released, and a patient developed sudden and irreversible coma during passage of the guiding instrument behind the clavicle. Cavographies performed in 10 patients after one month or more disclosed two thromboses of the inferior vena cava and a tipped-over filter. Eight filters remained permeable. No recurrence of pulmonary embolism was observed. PMID- 6220373 TI - [Destructive cervical spondylitis. An unusual initial manifestation of ankylosing spondylitis]. AB - Erosions of vertebral bodies and intervertebral discs are usually considered as late manifestations of ankylosing spondylitis. Yet they may occur early and indeed constitute the first sign of the disease. This is illustrated by the case reported here, where a 19-year-old woman with an 18-months diagnosis of ankylosing spondylitis was found to have severe destructive lesions of the 6th cervical vertebra without discal lesion nor cervical ankylosis. Surgical biopsy excluded a tumoral or infectious process. Spinal fusion (C4-C7) was performed, and cervical pain was completely relieved with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. PMID- 6220374 TI - [Bronchopulmonary antigenic information]. AB - Only a small part of those antigenic compounds that pass through the rhinopharyngeal filter and reach the lower airways or the lung crosses the bronchial or alveolar epithelial barrier. The crossing, which is directly or indirectly mediated by macrophage phagocytosis, provides antigenic information which starts off an immune reaction with different impacts on the bronchi and deep lung. Normally (infections excluded), the lung is quiescent, with a probably weak immune activity. In contrast, the level of immune activity in the bronchial lymphoid tissue, although inferior to that of the rhinopharynx, is high. This gradient of immune activity decreasing from the upper airways to the alveoli may be compared to the gradient of saprophytic bacteria which are numerous in the nose, mouth and pharynx, and absent in the deep lung. PMID- 6220375 TI - [Hydrogen peroxide in the surgery of hydatid cyst]. AB - Discouraged by the dangers and drawbacks of the usual scolicidal agents (formalin or strongly hypertonic saline), the authors have tried and adopted hydrogen peroxide in surgery of hydatid cysts. Liberal applications of this product on the operative field seem to be devoid of harmful effects. This, together with constant and rapid effectiveness, easy handling, low cost and wide availability should recommend hydrogen peroxide as the sole scolicidal agent in general surgery units. PMID- 6220376 TI - [Diazepam and febrile convulsions in children]. PMID- 6220377 TI - [Pulmonary ventilation in children. Study by digital subtraction of radioscopic images]. PMID- 6220378 TI - [Indium-111-labeled platelets. Detection of platelet thrombi during catheterization for intracardiac dynamic studies]. PMID- 6220379 TI - [Perineal gas gangrene disclosing dissecting aneurysm of the subrenal aorta with hypogastric thrombosis]. PMID- 6220380 TI - [Treatment of facial hemispasm by selective thermolysis]. PMID- 6220381 TI - [Solitary cyst of the liver disclosed by jaundice]. PMID- 6220382 TI - [Leiomyosarcoma of the suprarenal inferior vena cava. Chemotherapy and renorenal venous surgical anastomosis for the preservation of the right kidney]. PMID- 6220383 TI - [Is exploratory laparotomy with splenectomy still indicated in Hodgkin's disease?]. PMID- 6220385 TI - [Rectovaginal colonization by group B streptococcus]. AB - The influence of various factors, including age, pregnancy, contraceptive methods, menstrual cycle and use of vaginal tampons, on rectal and vaginal colonization with group B streptococci was investigated in 81 women, 25 of whom were pregnant. The organism was found more frequently in the anus (22.2%) than in the vagina (16%) or the pharynx (2.4%). The colonization rate was higher in women younger than 20, and higher in non pregnant (30%) than in pregnant (12%) women. It was also higher during the first phase of the menstrual cycle (45.4%) than during the second phase (21.8%). No significant difference was observed between users and non-users of intrauterine devices, oral contraceptives and vaginal tampons. PMID- 6220384 TI - [Immediate hypertensive flare-up after coronary bypass. A predictable complication]. AB - An immediate post-operative rise in blood-pressure occurred in 44% of 191 patients undergoing coronary bypass. In a retrospective study of the patients' records, the authors have endeavoured to determine which of the 23 parameters characteristic of each patient was predictive of post-bypass hypertension. Using a Bayesian discriminant analysis method, they found that the only variables predictive of hypertension in 86% of the cases were an history of myocardial infarction and the urinary sodium/ potassium ratio. When combined, an urinary Na/K ratio below 1 and the absence of previous infarction constitute a good index of possible post-operative rise in blood pressure. PMID- 6220386 TI - [Penetration of netilmicin into respiratory secretions]. AB - Aminoglycosides are often used in the treatment of severe Gram-negative infections, particularly those involving the respiratory tract. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the penetration of netilmicin into bronchial secretions. In 8 tracheostomized patients samples of bronchial secretions were taken at intervals through the tracheostomy cannula after intramuscular injection of netilmicin 2 mg/kg bodyweight. Concentrations of the drug were measured in bronchial secretions and in blood samples taken simultaneously, using the agar diffusion method (Grove and Randall procedure). The results showed significant penetration of netilmicin, with a mean bronchial peak reaching 3.4 micrograms/ml 1 h after the injection. Elimination was slow, with a mean residual level of 2 micrograms/ml at 6 hours. The bronchial to serum levels ratio was high (greater than 30% at 1 hour). Individual variations in both serum and bronchial levels were noted; they were unrelated to the underlying pathology. However, changes in bronchial concentrations correlated with changes in serum concentrations, which suggests passive diffusion across the blood-bronchoalveolar barrier. The fluctuations in bronchial levels and the usually low bronchial concentrations of aminoglycosides previously reported are discussed in relation to the methods used. PMID- 6220387 TI - [From serum pharmacokinetics to extravascular pharmacokinetics of antibiotics. Importance of protein binding]. AB - Serum and urinary concentrations of antibiotics are not predictive of their extravascular distribution. Data from an animal model giving access to an extravascular fluid have demonstrated the effects of protein binding on the extravascular diffusion of cephalosporins. A high percentage of protein binding delays extravascular distribution and facilitates accumulation from repeated doses. Moreover, strongly bound drugs may reduce the number of protein-bound cephalosporin molecules by competing for binding sites and interfere with the extravascular distribution of these antibiotics without modifying their serum levels. PMID- 6220388 TI - [Endobronchial hemostasis with a Fogarthy catheter]. AB - In a case of profuse and persistent traumatic haemoptysis uncontrolled by thoracotomy, haemostasis was achieved by introducing a Fogarthy's catheter under bronchoscopy into the bronchus involved. Some practical details facilitating the procedure are given, e.g. a rigid bronchoscopic tube should be used instead of a fiberoscope; the catheter should be introduced between the vocal cords along the tube and not inside it. PMID- 6220389 TI - [Acute rhabdomyolysis in malignant influenza A]. PMID- 6220390 TI - [Insulin-dependent diabetes. 1 or 2 injections?]. PMID- 6220391 TI - [Neuropsychic complications of cimetidine. Precautions in its use]. PMID- 6220392 TI - [Severe dermatomyositis. Efficacy of plasma exchange?]. PMID- 6220393 TI - [Should iontophoresis replace sympathectomy in the treatment of palmoplantar hyperhidrosis?]. PMID- 6220394 TI - [Leprous polyarthritis. 2 cases]. PMID- 6220395 TI - [Methemoglobinemia with acute hemolysis and acute renal insufficiency in severe streptococcus D infection: apropos of a case in an adult]. PMID- 6220396 TI - [Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae endocarditis. A new case]. PMID- 6220397 TI - [Type I antimitochondrial antibodies in congenital syphilis]. PMID- 6220398 TI - [Plasma fibronectin in patients with bronchopulmonary cancer]. PMID- 6220399 TI - [Acute myelomonoblastic leukemia in renal cancer treated with CCNU. 4 cases in 29 patients]. PMID- 6220400 TI - [Prevention in the handicapped]. PMID- 6220401 TI - [Dentistry in irradiated patients]. PMID- 6220402 TI - [Centralized control over the formation and dynamics of patient contingents in dispensary accounting]. PMID- 6220403 TI - [Means of improving the rehabilitation of the pulmonary tuberculosis patient in the sanatorium stage]. PMID- 6220404 TI - [5 years' experience operating an automated system of accounting for the patient contingents of tuberculosis institutions in the Kazakh SSR]. PMID- 6220405 TI - Mutations affecting two different steps in transcription initiation at the phage lambda PRM promoter. AB - The abortive initiation assay [McClure, W. R. (1980) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 77, 5634-5638] was used to study the effects of mutations on the activity of the P(RM) promoter of phage lambda in vitro. The transcription initiation properties of four mutant promoters were compared with those of wild-type P(RM) in the presence or absence of repressor (which activates P(RM)). Two kinetic parameters were measured: k(2), the rate constant for the transition between closed and open complexes, and K(B), the equilibrium constant for the initial binding of RNA polymerase to DNA (formation of closed complexes). The primary effect of repressor on wild-type initiation was stimulation of the isomerization reaction: k(2) increased about 7-fold. Both in the presence and in the absence of repressor, prmU31 and prmE104 (changes at nucleotides -33 and -38, respectively) reduced K(B) significantly without affecting k(2), indicating that these mutations affect polymerase binding but not the formation of open complexes. In contrast, prmE37 (a change at nucleotide -14) reduced k(2) significantly without affecting K(B). A fourth mutation, prmE93 (at nucleotide -39), is phenotypically Prm(-) primarily because it causes a defect in the O(B)2 operator site and, therefore, the mutant promoter is unable to respond normally to repressor. These results are consistent with the idea that the two regions of Escherichia coli promoters in which consensus sequences have been identified, the regions at nucleotides -35 and -10, may provide information for two discrete steps in transcription initiation. PMID- 6220406 TI - DNA fragments differing by single base-pair substitutions are separated in denaturing gradient gels: correspondence with melting theory. AB - DNA fragments 536 base pairs long differing by single base-pair substitutions were clearly separated in denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis. Transversions as well as transitions were detected. The correspondence between the gradient gel measurements and the sequence-specific statistical mechanical theory of melting shows that mutations affecting final gradient penetration lie within the first cooperatively melting sequence. Fragments carrying substitutions in domains melting at a higher temperature reach final gel positions indistinguishable from wild type. The gradient data and the sites of substitution bracket the boundary between the first domain and its neighboring higher-melting domain within eight base pairs or fewer, in agreement with the calculated boundary. The correspondence between the gradient displacement of the mutants and the calculated change in helix stability permits substantial inference as to the type of substitution. Excision of the lowest melting domain allows recognition of mutants in the next ranking domain. PMID- 6220407 TI - Relation of cell surface antigens on methylcholanthrene-induced fibrosarcomas to immunoglobulin heavy chain complex variable region-linked T cell interaction molecules. AB - For optimal activation, T suppressor cells must receive a signal froma specialized inducer cell. The activating signal is delivered by a molecular complex that is composed, in part, of polymorphic gene products that are controlled by the immunoglobulin heavy chain complex (Igh) and that map to the variable region (Igh-V) of the complex. Consequently, if suppressor/inducer cells and their acceptor cells do not share Igh-V-encoded polymorphisms, the inducer molecules fail to activate the suppressor cells. Other polymorphic gene products (those that act as transplantation antigens on methylcholanthrene-induced fibrosarcomas) have been shown to be encoded by a gene(s) that maps to the same general region of chromosome 12 as does the Igh complex. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that polymorphic gene products expressed by the T suppressor/inducer cell and its biologically active product were related to the transplantation antigens on these fibrosarcomas. We have found that isoantisera directed to a number of BALB/c methylcholanthrene-induced tumors block the induction of T suppressor cells but they do so only if the inducer or acceptor T cell (or both) expresses BALB/c Igh-linked polymorphisms. All other BALB/c gene products are irrelevant. These findings suggest that "transformation related antigens" on some sarcoma cells are variants of, or are otherwise related to, the cell interaction molecules that T cell subsets use to communicate with one another under normal circumstances. Furthermore, the findings that (a) multiple methylcholanthrene induced tumors express serologically related antigens (as well as the unique ones that have been previously demonstrated by transplantation tests) and (b) these serologically related antigens can be found on Igh-V-controlled T cell communication molecules raise the intriguing possibility that, like certain viruses, methylcholanthrene reacts with specific regions of cellular DNA that either directly or indirectly regulate the expression of other specific genes (in this particular case the genes that encode the T cell communication molecules). PMID- 6220408 TI - Nucleotide sequence of the human parathyroid hormone gene. AB - From a lambda phage gene library we have isolated phage containing the gene encoding human preproparathyroid hormone. The phage were isolated by using both the plaque-hybridization technique and the in vivo recombination-selection technique. The human preproparathyroid hormone gene contains two intervening sequences that separate the gene into a 5' noncoding domain, a "prepro" sequence domain, and a domain containing the parathyroid hormone sequence and the 3' noncoding region. The gene is approximately 4,200 base pairs long. Restriction endonuclease analysis of human leukocyte DNA shows that the haploid human genome contains one copy of the preproparathyroid hormone gene. A 14-base-pair sequence of alternating purines and pyrimidines that has the potential of adopting the Z DNA conformation lies 134 base pairs upstream from the presumed site of initiation of transcription. PMID- 6220409 TI - Isotype regulation of antibody production: T-cell hybrids can be selectively induced to produce IgG1 and IgG2 subclass-specific suppressive immunoglobulin binding factors. AB - T2D4, a T-cell hybrid, spontaneously secretes suppressive immunoglobulin factor(s); when incubated with purified monoclonal mouse immunoglobulins, this hybrid produces high levels of immunoglobulin-binding factors specific for the subclass of the inducing immunoglobulin. Thus, we were able to induce the production of IgG1- or IgG2-specific inhibitory factors by the same T2D4 T-cell hybrid. These subclass-specific suppressive factors bind selectively to the IgG1 or IgG2 subclasses and inhibit specifically the secretion of antibodies of the corresponding subclass. Our results favor a model of negative regulation of isotype expression in which a given isotype triggers suppressor mechanism(s) specifically inhibiting its production. PMID- 6220411 TI - The scientific basis for regarding vitamin A and its analogues as anti carcinogenic agents. PMID- 6220410 TI - Arachidonic acid deficiency in streptozotocin-induced diabetes. AB - Fatty acid compositions of phospholipids of heart, liver, kidney, aorta, and serum from rats having streptozotocin-induced diabetes were determined and compared with those of nondiabetic controls. Linoleic and dihomo-gamma-linolenic acids were increased whereas arachidonic acid was decreased in most tissues, suggesting an impairment of delta 5-desaturase activity. Acids derived from linolenic acid were increased in some diabetic tissues from diabetic animals although the linolenic content was normal, indicating less impairment in the desaturation of the omega 3 series of fatty acids. Diabetes suppressed all polyunsaturated acids in the whole animal, but the competition between omega 3 and omega 6 acids favored the excessive suppression of long-chain omega 6 acids and an increase in the proportion of omega 3 acids in lipids of vital tissues. These changes in fatty acid composition of the phospholipids may have significant effects on cellular functions and vasoregulatory control mechanisms in diabetes. PMID- 6220413 TI - Effects of electrical stimulation on the thermographic pattern in the human patient with chronic pain syndrome. PMID- 6220412 TI - The self-associating property of fibroblast proteoheparan sulphate. PMID- 6220414 TI - Structure and biosynthesis of proteoglycans with keratan sulfate. PMID- 6220415 TI - Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation for low back pain. A comparison of TENS and massage for pain and range of motion. AB - Patients with acute or chronic low back pain were treated in a double-blind study that compared transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation at intense levels and gentle, mechanically administered massage. Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation produced significantly greater pain relief, based on two measures of the McGill Pain Questionnaire, and significant improvement in straight leg raising. There were no significant differences between the two groups in backflexion scores. Pain-relief scores and range-of-motion scores were significantly correlated. The results indicate that pain-relief scores provide valuable information and can easily be obtained from patients for whom pain is a major symptom. PMID- 6220416 TI - [Examination of lymphatic vessels using radioactive isotopes in the pathology of the lower extremities]. PMID- 6220417 TI - Photoinduction of protoperithecia in Neurospora crassa by blue light. PMID- 6220418 TI - [Care for the chronic patient]. PMID- 6220419 TI - Breast reconstruction with contralateral rectus abdominis myocutaneous flap. AB - A transverse myocutaneous rectus abdominis flap from the contralateral side has been employed for breast reconstruction in 52 patients. This flap has the advantage of balancing the patient by utilizing skin from an area of relative excess. The blood supply to the flap is based on the superior epigastric vessel and its perforators. The scar of the donor area is acceptable because it falls in the submammary sulcus. The use of a silicone implant can be avoided in some patients because of the adequate bulk of skin, muscle, and fat that is available. Abdominoplasty of the superior abdomen can be obtained during the same operation and can enhance the overall aesthetic results. Breast reconstruction is now possible with either ipsilateral or contralateral upper-abdominal transfer flaps, and further refinement of operative technique using the contralateral upper rectus abdominis myocutaneous island flap must await further experience. PMID- 6220420 TI - MMPI indicators of treatment response to spinal epidural stimulation in patients with chronic pain and patients with movement disorders. PMID- 6220421 TI - Illness behavior, depression and anhedonia in myofascial face and back pain patients. AB - Levels of depression, anhedonia, and illness behavior, as well as clinical and demographic variables, were measured in two groups of patients with chronic pain, one with facial, the other with back pain. For the total sample, significant correlations (p less than 0.01) were found between illness behavior and pain estimate (r = 0.30), anhedonia and depression (r = 0.33), and pain estimate and pain duration (r = 0.31). Facial pain patients showed illness behavior most strongly related to estimate of pain severity (r = 0.62); back pain patients showed illness behavior significantly related to depression (r = 0.59). Results also show that the physical site of pain relates to illness behavior but not mood of chronic pain patients. PMID- 6220422 TI - Growth factors and the vessel wall. AB - We have tried to review the large and complex literature on vessel wall growth from the viewpoint of humoral factors. The picture is both simple and complex. Two growth factors, PDGF and EGF, can now be chemically defined, and we have begun to understand the way they interact with cells. For one of these growth factors, PDGF, there is good evidence that it has access to the vessel wall and can promote cell replication. The story of other factors is more complex. We still know very little about growth inhibitors, and there is no conclusive evidence that they exist as functional entities in vivo. The work on heparan sulphate could represent the first clear example of negative control of growth. Of the large variety of other factors, it is likely that macrophage-derived growth factor is produced in the vessel wall, and it is possible that the endothelial cell-derived growth factor is made in vivo as well as in vitro. Perhaps our greatest challenge in the near future will be to learn the relative role of each of these factors, as well as their interactions with one another during the progression of atherosclerotic lesions. PMID- 6220423 TI - [Vertebral arch aplasia-hypoplasia in the lumbosacral region]. PMID- 6220424 TI - [Long-term outcome in nonmassive pulmonary embolism. Radiologic, scintigraphic and functional correlation]. AB - 54 cases of acute pulmonary embolism were followed for 3 to 4 years by serial chest radiography (plain film and tomography) to survey the radiographic outcome of complete and incomplete pulmonary infarcts in man. A perfusion lung scan (99Tcm-MAA), arterial blood gas analysis and spirometric data were recorded at similar time intervals to chest films in 30 patients. Our retrospective study showed that the most common long-term residual radiographic findings were linear pulmonary scars and localized pleural thickening. The analysis of the radiographic abnormalities with the lung scan showed a residual perfusion defect in 29% of cases, with complete clearing of the infarct on chest radiography. Long term impairment of pulmonary function, estimated with arterial blood gas analysis and spirometric tests, was never observed. PMID- 6220425 TI - [The "open abdomen" method of treatment of postoperative peritonitis]. AB - The authors stress the therapeutical difficulties encountered in patients with severe postoperative peritonitis, necessitating multiple interventions for the solution of viscero-peritoneal problems, and of the abdominal wall. The authors' personal experience is presented with the method of the "opened abdomen", which is applied abroad under the improper name of "coeliostomy". The authors describe their procedure, and also describe a complementary method, of the socalled "semi open abdomen", which is in fact a narrowing of the surgical wound with threads of inxodable wire. Four of six patients hospitalized in an extremely serious condition have been recovered. PMID- 6220426 TI - [Considerations on 45 cases of injuries of the diaphragm]. AB - The authors make an analysis of 45 cases of diaphragmatic trauma, of which 27 were wounds and 18 were ruptures. The wounds of the diaphragm, in most cases determined by bullets, were of small dimensions, but were accompanied by serious lesions of the organs in the vicinity, while ruptures of the diaphragm, determined by closed traumas, were extensive, but with less important lesions of the viscera. Rapid transportation, and efficient intensive care have permitted the performance of emergency interventions in all the patients with wounds, except 3 who died in the emergency room. In 37% of the cases there was involvement of the liver, while the spleen was involved in 33% of the patients. Wounds following gunshot with explosion of the liver and involvement of the supra hepatic veins could not be recovered. The continuity solution of the diaphragm determined penetration of the abdominal organs and of their contents into the thorax, and this was followed by respiratory and circulatory failure. The diagnosis of diaphragmatic rupture was established in some cases at some distance from the traumatic point. In all the patients with wounds it was necessary to perform emergency surgery. The approach was selected in relation to the localization of the entrance and of the emergence points of the wound. In cases with thoraco-abdominal wounds on the left side the abdominal approach was the most frequent choice, while in patients with wounds on the right side the preferred approach was thoracic in the high-placed wounds, and abdominal, or thoraco-abdominal in the low-placed ones. In the case of ruptures the approach was determined by the localization of the impact zone, and by the viscera supposedly involved. In most of the patients the clinical picture was dominated by the associated lesions, especially by the cranio-cerebral ones. For this reason some of these patients were operated in a later stage, with diaphragmatic hernia. The overall mortality rate in the operated patients was 15.8%. PMID- 6220427 TI - [Tumors and cysts of the mesentery. Clinical and therapeutic study]. AB - This study is based on a group of 34 primary tumours of the mesenterium which were treated in the first surgical Clinic between 1960 and 1981. In this series were 19 women and 15 men, and the age of the patients varied between 16 and 68 years, being in the average of 44 years. Ten cystic tumours were recorded, and 24 solid tumours. Nine of the tumours were benign and the remaining 25 were malignant. The cystic tumours, for the most of the benign type, were almost exclusively cystic lymphangiomas. One serous cyst was also recorded, as well as one hematic cyst, and one dermoid cyst that had underwent malignization. The solid tumours were all malignant, of the sarcomatous type,, and their starting point was the mesenteral connective-vascular structures. The clinical picture of the mesenteral tumours is polymorphous and non-characteristic. In the frame of paraclinical examinations the radiologic investigation holds an important place and this is especially true for selective arteriography of the upper mesenteric artery, which provides useful informations concerning the topography of the tumour in relation to the mesenteral vascular trunk. Therapeutic possibilities are discussed, and the fact is stressed that, for improving the prognosis an early diagnosis is essential. PMID- 6220428 TI - [Jejunal invagination after antrectomy and gastrostomy in postcaustic esophagogastric stenoses]. AB - The author presents 3 cases of jejunal invagination in a lot of 120 cases of post caustic oeso-gastric stenoses that were operated. In two of the patients the invagination developed following antrectomy and in one case it occurred after gastrostomy with jejunal intubation. Invagination developed one month after surgery, and between 47 and 60 days from the ingestion of the caustic substance. In all the cases de-invagination was performed, followed by partial pleating of the mesenterium (Ghilda-Phillips). Oesophagitis, erosive gastritis, gastrostomy and prolonged jejunal intubation may explain the increased frequency of this complication (2.4% against 1.6% in patients with resections for ulcers). PMID- 6220429 TI - [Retrograde pancreato-cholangiography by the endoscopic method]. AB - Endoscopic retrograde pancreato-cholangiography is a modern technique introduced as a result of the development of digestive fiber optics and which is used for the diagnosis and the treatment of biliary, and pancreatic affections, as well as for affections involving the Vater ampulla. Besides the advantages, the indications and the technique the authors also describe the normal aspect of the pancreas according to established indicators as defined by experienced specialists. The results are also commented in the paper, as well as the importance of this procedure as compared with other techniques. PMID- 6220430 TI - [Splenic hemangiosarcoma]. AB - The authors present a case of splenic hemangiosarcoma which was encounter-a group including some 600 splenectomies. Hemangiosarcomas represent only 3% of all malignant splenic tumours. This clinical observation is of particular interest because of the extreme rarity of such cases. It is also interesting because of the conditions which have determined the intervention, as well as by the prolonged survival of the patient. PMID- 6220431 TI - [Severe arterial hypertension due to chronic constitutional hyperadrenalism. Splanchnic sympathectomy and left adrenal medulla sclerosis with 40 percent sodium salicylate (result after 3 years--genetic chemosurgery)]. AB - The case is presented of a male patient hospitalized for severe arterial hypertension determined by chronic constitutional hyperadrenalism. Splanchnic sympathectomy was performed, associated to medullar sclerosis of the left adrenal with 40% sodium salicylate (genetic chemical surgery). The results after 3 years were good, both clinically and paraclinically. The constitutional background was normo-hypoadrenergic and the ecologic balance of the patient became normal after surgery. PMID- 6220432 TI - [Congenital dilatation of the principal bile ducts]. PMID- 6220433 TI - [Recurrent chronic ulcer of the colon and phlebitis]. PMID- 6220434 TI - [Shock lung after mechanical ventilation in a case of resuscitated cardiac arrest]. AB - The case is presented, of a female patient aged 25 years presenting with internal haemorrhage as a result of uterine rupture, with intra-abdominal foetus who was who was resuscitated after cardiac arrest. After 22 hours of progressively inefficient mechanical ventilation the patient had another, irreversible, cardiac arrest. The post-morten examination showed the presence of fibrous lesions in the alveolocapillary septa, suggesting the course of shock lung. The etiopathogenic factors are discussed, which can be incriminated in the development of the pulmonary lesions in this case. These include: hypoxic encephalopathy following cardiac arrest, and disseminated intra-vascular coagulation triggered by haemorrhagic shock and the presence of thromboplastinic factors in the circulation. PMID- 6220435 TI - [Electronographic changes in general anesthesia]. AB - Using the electronograph, a special device which is capable to record luminous effects of the Corona and Kirlian types, the authors investigated 9 patients (6 males and 3 females) both before and during anesthetic sleep, and after arousal from anesthesia. In all the patients the studies were made on black-and-white, as well as on colour films. PMID- 6220436 TI - [Genu valgum secondary to a proximal metaphyseal fracture of the tibia]. AB - Fractures with moderate displacement in childhood are usually thought to be benign if they are not epiphyseal. Six cases of fractures of the upper tibial metaphysis in childhood with slight or moderate displacement are reported. In 5 cases progressive genu valgum appeared. On 3 occasions osteotomy was necessary to correct the deformity. The possible causes of such complications are discussed. PMID- 6220437 TI - [Growth disorders of the upper end of the femur following treatment of congenital hip luxation]. AB - From approximately 2,500 cases of treated congenital dislocation of the hip, the authors have selected 82 cases with 100 hips showing disturbance of the superior epiphysis and metaphysis of the femur. These have been observed after several types of treatment - napkins in abduction, abduction harnesses, abduction splintage, closed reduction by Lorenz technique, progressive reduction by Somerville technique or open reduction. The risk factors have been analysed in 22 hips treated by progressive reduction. It is concluded that changes in the metaphysis and in the growth plate are the main cause of late abnormality. A classification of these abnormalities is proposed to aid diagnosis and for the institution of earlier treatment. In severe cases, combined pelvic and femoral osteotomy give the most satisfactory results. PMID- 6220438 TI - [Tomodensitometric aspects of hip luxation in childhood. Apropos of 100 hips]. AB - One hundred hips in children were examined by computer assisted tomography. They were either dysplastic, subluxated or dislocated. The study resulted in more precision as to the degree of femoral anteversion and acetabular anteversion. The indications for femoral or pelvic osteotomy can thus be more accurate. Mechanical effects of some pelvic osteotomies have been analysed. PMID- 6220439 TI - [Hips in myelomeningocele and functional autonomy]. AB - The authors have reviewed 93 children with myelomeningocele and with hip involvement. Some had been operated upon and others had not. The results of surgery were often disappointing when the patient was evaluated in adolescence. A number of stiff hips and recurrences of dislocation were seen after tendon transplants, open reduction or osteotomies. Considering these results and the major non-orthopaedic problems of such patients, it is concluded that bilateral dislocations should not be operated on and that early treatment should be applied in unilateral cases mainly by osteotomy. PMID- 6220440 TI - [Post-traumatic instability between the atlas and the axis in children. Apropos of 5 cases]. AB - The authors have observed 5 cases of atlanto-axial instability in children aged from 18 months to 8 years. All the cases were seen after severe trauma and presented with abnormal neurological signs. All patients were first treated conservatively and were operated on secondarily by atlanto-axial fusion using graft and wiring for persistent radiological instability between the atlas and axis. In two cases instability was due to an atlanto-axial subluxation with rupture of the transverse ligament; one of these was reduced by traction. In one case there was an anterior subluxation without fracture. In one case there was a fracture of the odontoid process in which instability persisted in spite of bony union of the fracture. In the last case, the odontoid process was intact shortly after the trauma but its central portion disappeared secondarily. The cause of this disappearance is discussed. PMID- 6220441 TI - [Bipartite atlas]. AB - A case is described of a child aged twelve with rib abnormalities, a Klippel-Feil syndrome and a complete fusion between C2 and C7. The atlas showed abnormal ossification of the anterior and posterior arches. No similar description has been found in the literature. A posterior spine fusion between C1 and C2 was performed. PMID- 6220442 TI - [Negative bone scintigraphy in osteomyelitis in children. Difficulties in interpretation]. AB - The authors relate 7 cases of hematogenous osteomyelitis in children where skeletal scintigraphy with TC 99m diphosphonate was said as normal. They analyse the lack of positive radionuclide findings; misinterpretation, abnormal tracer accumulation which probably relates to regional hyperemia, transient area of discreased uptake of the tracer in the early phase of the disease and real negative bone scan; these cases are rare; when there is a high suspicion of osteomyelitis in spite of a normal bone scan Gallium imaging may be helpful. PMID- 6220443 TI - [Osteosynthesis of femoral neck fractures in adults. Long-term results of treatment using Descamps-Kerner compression screw-plates]. AB - Sixty fractures of the femoral neck were fixed by a Descamps-Kerner compression screw and followed up for an average of 6.5 years. The functional results were estimated on the Merle d'Aubigne scale. Three cases had to be operated on again because of early displacement and seven did not unite. There were eleven necroses of the femoral head. The authors have made an attempt to compare the results with other series in the literature. The overall results were satisfactory in 86% of cases. It is concluded that the technique of treatment should be improved, possibly by the use of microsurgery. PMID- 6220444 TI - [Osteosynthesis of true cervical fractures with D.K.P. screw-plates. Apropos of 125 cases]. AB - One hundred and twenty-five patients had been operated on of whom ninety-two were reviewed. Seventy-four of these had severely displaced fractures of Garden type III or IV. This study confirmed the bad prognosis of fractures with a vertical line, and of those with severe displacement. It confirmed the importance of accurate reduction which should not make the fracture less stable or lead to an increase in vascular damage. It is concluded that this type of fixation lessens the incidence of non-union. The validity of bone biochemical studies is discussed. The authors consider that the device should be modified to increase its strength. PMID- 6220445 TI - [Triple juxtacotyloid osteotomy]. AB - The authors have developed a technique of triple innominate osteotomy derived from that describe by Steele. The three osteotomy divisions are made very close to the acetabulum. With this technique the acetabulum can more easily be re orientated and the pubis and ischium are left intact with their muscle attachments. PMID- 6220446 TI - Impaired atropine responsiveness in asthma: role of atopy. AB - Responsiveness to anticholinergic bronchodilators was assessed in 19 atopic and in 36 non-atopic asthmatics of comparable mean age and basal FEV1. Atopic subjects had a significantly lower degree of responsiveness (p less than 0.01). When the 19 atopic subjects were matched for FEV1 and age with 19 non-atopic subjects (selected from the group of 36) the difference in responsiveness to anticholinergic drugs was still evident (p less than 0.01). Atopic status thus appears to have a significant effect on bronchial reactivity to inhaled anticholinergic drugs. PMID- 6220447 TI - [Determination of the blood flow in the coronary vein using the laser Doppler technic]. PMID- 6220448 TI - [Theoretical and practical problems in the clinical diagnosis of schizophrenia]. PMID- 6220449 TI - [Anatomofunctional data on cerebral microcirculation in normal and pathological states]. PMID- 6220450 TI - [Traumatic subarachnoid collection of cerebrospinal fluid (so-called "serous meningitis" or "subdural hygroma")]. PMID- 6220451 TI - [Neurological implications of "empty sella turcica"]. PMID- 6220452 TI - ["Entry zone" coagulation of posterior roots in the treatment of painful syndromes]. PMID- 6220453 TI - [Contusion of the temporal lobe]. PMID- 6220454 TI - [Possibilities and limitations in the study and evaluation of the psychomotor aptitude potential in institutionalized mental patients]. PMID- 6220455 TI - [Neuropathological aspects of cerebral psycho-organic syndromes]. PMID- 6220456 TI - [Social security. 4: General regulations. Occupational accidents and occupational diseases]. PMID- 6220457 TI - [Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) by the Gruntzig balloon catheter in arterial occlusive diseases of the limbs]. PMID- 6220458 TI - [Application of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) for stenosis of the carotid, vertebral, and basilar arteries]. PMID- 6220459 TI - [Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of the renal artery]. PMID- 6220460 TI - [Angioplasty of the coronary artery]. PMID- 6220461 TI - [Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty and its intraoperative application]. PMID- 6220462 TI - [Dental therapy in patients with hemophilic syndromes]. PMID- 6220463 TI - Increased calcium content in cultured fibroblasts from trisomy patients: comparison with cystic fibrosis fibroblasts. AB - The elemental composition of cultured fibroblasts from trisomy patients, cystic fibrosis patients, and from healthy controls was compared by means of electron probe X-ray microanalysis. Significantly higher relative Ca concentrations (relative to phosphorus) and higher Ca/K ratios, were found in both trisomy and CF fibroblasts. Significantly lower relative Na concentrations and lower Na/K ratios were only found in CF fibroblasts; the Na content of trisomy fibroblasts was normal. Challenge with prostaglandin E2 did not cause any further rise in cell calcium in trisomy fibroblasts, nor did it cause elevated calcium levels in the control. If the mechanism causing elevated calcium levels in trisomy fibroblasts is similar to that causing abnormally high levels of calcium in CF fibroblasts, it might be located at the membrane level. The analytical results are discussed in the light of the observation that cyclic AMP levels are abnormally inducible in CF and trisomy fibroblasts. PMID- 6220464 TI - T-lymphocytes with both helper- and suppressor markers on the same cell in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. AB - A 62-year-old Norwegian male was found to have a leucocytosis (20 X 10(9)/l blood). About 80% of the leucocytes were T-lymphocytes with markedly convoluted, often cerebriforme nuclei. There were generalized pea-sized lymph nodes. The liver was enlarged and was found to be infiltrated with the same type of lymphocytes as were found in the blood. A bone marrow biopsy showed massive infiltration with the same kind of cells. The patient had a non-specific rash, but no generalized exfoliative dermatitis. A double set of markers was found on the T-lymphocytes, with a membrane phenotype T4+ and T8+ on practically all cells. PMID- 6220465 TI - Selective functional role of murine Tm and Tg cells in concanavalin-A-induced T cell activation. AB - Murine splenic cells were separated on Ig-anti-Ig columns to yield cell populations depleted of IgM-FcR (Fc receptor)-expressing (TM) and IgG-FcR expressing (TG) cells and also cells expressing neither of these two FcR (TO). The proliferative response to the lectin concanavalin A (Con A) was shown to be present mainly in cell populations depleted of TM cells (T cells lacking IgM FcR) -that is, TM and TO. The low Con A response in the other cell populations, namely TG and TTOT, was due to a selection against T-cell growth factor (TCGF)-reactive cells, since TCGF production within these subsets was not impaired and the low proliferative response was not reconstituted by preformed TCGF. TG-cells were able to inhibit the Con-A-induced proliferation of TO and TM cells dose dependently. These data strongly suggest the presence of a step-one regulatory, suppressive mechanism comprised within the TM population. PMID- 6220466 TI - Clues to cell growth and differentiation. PMID- 6220467 TI - Toxic shock syndrome and lysogeny in Staphylococcus aureus. AB - Lysogeny, or the presence of temperate bacteriophage, was demonstrated, by means of two Staphylococcus aureus indicator strains, in 11 of 12 strains of S. aureus isolated from patients with toxic shock syndrome. Only 1 of 18 strains of S. aureus that were not associated with toxic shock syndrome showed the presence of bacteriophage. A laboratory strain of S. aureus was lysogenized by bacteriophage from two of the toxic shock-associated strains. These results add support to the theory that lysogeny by one or more bacteriophage in certain strains of S. aureus may be responsible for the pathogenesis of toxic shock syndrome. PMID- 6220468 TI - Heparan sulfate degradation: relation to tumor invasive and metastatic properties of mouse B16 melanoma sublines. AB - After transport in the blood and implantation in the microcirculation, metastatic tumor cells must invade the vascular endothelium and underlying basal lamina. Mouse B16 melanoma sublines were used to determine the relation between metastatic properties and the ability of the sublines to degrade enzymatically the sulfated glycosaminoglycans present in the extracellular matrix of cultured vascular endothelial cells. Highly invasive and metastatic B16 sublines degraded matrix glycosaminoglycans faster than did sublines of lower metastatic potential. The main products of this matrix degradation were heparan sulfate fragments. Intact B16 cells (or their cell-free homogenates) with a high potential for lung colonization degraded purified heparan sulfate from bovine lung at higher rates than did B16 cells with a poor potential for lung colonization. Analysis of the degradation fragments indicated that B16 cells have a heparan sulfate endoglycosidase. Thus the abilities of B16 melanoma cells to extravasate and successfully colonize the lung may be related to their capacities to degrade heparan sulfate in the walls of pulmonary blood vessels. PMID- 6220469 TI - Lymphoid cell-glioma cell interaction enhances cell coat production by human gliomas: novel suppressor mechanism. AB - Certain human glioma lines produce mucopolysaccharide coats that impair the generation of cytolytic lymphocytes in response to these lines in vitro. Coat production is substantially enhanced by the interaction of glioma cells with a macromolecular factor released by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells in culture. This interaction thus constitutes an unusual mechanism by which inflammatory cells may nonspecifically suppress the cellular immune response to at least one class of solid tumors in humans. PMID- 6220470 TI - The "hot" spot in bone imaging. PMID- 6220472 TI - Productivity losses due to illness, disability and premature death in different occupational groups in Finland. AB - In this study losses due to illness, disability and premature death for the economically active population in Finland in 1975 were examined. Total losses of the employed population due to premature death, disability and illness were 503,000 workyears. In monetary terms the losses were 7.91 billion Finnish marks. Age standardized losses per 1000 economically active males were 266 years and per 1000 economically active females 233 years. Losses for males in agriculture and in industry were almost three times higher than in administration. Among females the losses in agriculture were 3.3 times greater and in industry and in services 2.5 times greater than in administration. The main reason for the differences between the total losses was the uneven distribution of invalidity pensions. Losses associated with occupation were calculated assuming that the morbidity, disability and mortality rates in all occupational groups were the same as in healthiest group (administration). If the extra mortality, disability and illnesses of occupational groups were eliminated, the savings would be 255,000 workyears or about 3.9 billion Finnish marks per year e.g. the total losses would decrease to below half of the present level. PMID- 6220471 TI - Particle sizing and biokinetics of interstitial lymphoscintigraphic agents. AB - The biokinetics of inert lymphoscintigraphic agents strongly depends on their particle size. Different techniques for characterization of colloids are discussed. Experiments have been performed on eight different colloids. The particle size has been investigated with scanning electron microscopy. Activity distributions have been obtained with ultrafiltration and gel-column scanning technique. The colloids suggested for lymphoscintigraphy were found to have a median size of about 40-50 nm except one minimicro-aggregated human serum albumin colloid which has a median particle size around 10 nm. The biokinetics were studied with a scintillation camera in rabbits after a subcutaneous injection. Time-activity curves were generated. After 5 hr the rabbits were dissected and the activity content in different tissues measured. A compartment model for the biokinetics was designed and rate constants evaluated. The total and specific activity uptake in parasternal lymph nodes was highest for the small-particle colloids. The compartment model showed a good fitting to the experimental data. PMID- 6220473 TI - [Prevention and rehabilitation of work accidents and occupational diseases]. PMID- 6220474 TI - [Anatomic review and morphologic study methods of the liver]. PMID- 6220475 TI - Diabetic nephropathy with superimposed immune complex glomerulonephritis. AB - We describe six diabetic patients with superimposed immune complex glomerulonephritis. Renal manifestations included sudden change in renal function with hematuria in three patients and massive proteinuria in the other three. Renal histology showed the characteristic changes of diabetic nephropathy along with those of immune complex glomerulonephritis. Biopsy revealed the explanation for the sudden renal changes, thus emphasizing its importance in management of these patients. PMID- 6220476 TI - Chymopapain for the treatment of intervertebral disc herniation. A preliminary report of a double-blind study. AB - Sixty patients with unilateral sciatica resulting from lumbar intervertebral disc herniation were entered into a double-blind study. All patients had failed to respond to conservative management, and the diagnosis had been confirmed by metrizamide myelography. Following a randomized schedule, 30 patients had intradiscal injections of chymopapain and 30 patients had intradiscal injections of an equivalent volume of normal saline solution. Complete relief of sciatica was obtained in 63% of patients treated with chymopapain, compared with 27% of saline-injected patients. Six weeks after the injection, 73% of patients treated with chymopapain and 37% of patients treated with saline solution considered that the treatment was successful. The success rate at six months was 80% for patients treated with chymopapain and 57% for saline-injected patients. From the preliminary results of this study, chymopapain is recommended for the treatment of sciatica from intervertebral disc herniation when conservative measures have failed and before disc fragment excision is considered. PMID- 6220477 TI - Treatment of lumbar disc herniation by chymopapain chemonucleolysis. A report on 120 patients. AB - Ninety of 120 patients with herniated lumbar discs who received an intradiscal injection of chymopapain achieved successful recovery. Sixteen of the 21 patients who underwent subsequent surgery had a good result. Study of the unsuccessful cases showed that disc sequestration and lateral stenosis were the major organic causes of failure. Certain radiologic criteria suggestive of sequestration and of important segmental stenosis are described. They appear to be a contraindication to chemonucleolysis. Psychogenic pain components and the failure of the enzyme to hydrolyse the nuclear proteoglycans in a few cases were the other two causes of poor results. A survey of postchemonucleolysis computed tomographic scans suggested that, although capable of digesting nuclear material in most cases, chymopapain may also work through an "anti-inflammatory" mechanism. PMID- 6220479 TI - Ruptured lumbar artery pseudoaneurysm: an unusual cause of retroperitoneal hemorrhage. AB - A patient with a functioning renal transplant presented for treatment 8 years after operation with acute retroperitoneal hemorrhage ipsilateral to the allograft. A ruptured false aneurysm of the lumbar artery was identified and was treated initially with balloon catheter occlusion, then operative ligation, with satisfactory result. PMID- 6220478 TI - Arterial blood supply of the left lobe of the canine pancreas. II. Electromagnetic flow measurements. AB - The arterial blood flow through the left lobe of the canine pancreas was assessed by means of electromagnetic flow measurements under three different experimental conditions. First, flow was measured in 14 unmodified left pancreatic segments. The mean segmental blood flow was 9.1 +/- 4.5 ml/min, while the mean blood flow through the splenic artery was 53.3 +/- 21.2 ml/min. Next, flow was measured in seven of these dogs 1/2 hour after occlusion of the ductal system and construction of an end-to-end arteriovenous fistula between the distal splenic vessels. The segmental pancreatic blood flow remained unchanged, and the blood flow in the splenic artery increased more than twofold. Third, flow was measured in seven dogs (eight measurements) at 3 to 8 months after ductal occlusion of the left lobe. No significant decrease in segmental pancreatic blood flow was demonstrable up to 8 months. It is concluded that the arterial blood flow through the left lobe of the canine pancreas amounts to less than 20% of that in the splenic artery, that an end-to-end arteriovenous fistula increases the blood flow through the splenic artery and thus may contribute to the prevention of vascular thrombosis, and that the eventual decrease of endocrine function or occurrence of vascular thrombosis in duct-obliterated pancreatic grafts cannot be readily explained by a reduced blood flow as a consequence of either duct obliteration as such or fibrosis induced by duct obliteration. PMID- 6220480 TI - [Dental health care for mentally retarded children and young adults in full-time institutions]. PMID- 6220481 TI - [Results of the sanatorium rehabilitation of myocardial infarct patients]. PMID- 6220482 TI - [Treatment principles and procedures in hypertension at a polyclinic]. PMID- 6220483 TI - Specific binding of thrombin-antithrombin III complex to hepatocytes. AB - Thrombin-antithrombin III complex binds selectively to isolated hepatocytes, whereas antithrombin III alone does not. The binding is time and concentration dependent at 37 degrees C: the apparent Km value is 0.8/microM. The rate of binding is approximately 1.6 X 10(5) molecules h-1 cell-1 at this concentration. At 4 degrees C there is no measurable interaction between the complex and the hepatocytes. The binding is also prevented by pretreatment of cells with trypsin. On the other hand, about 80% of the thrombin-antithrombin III complex bound to hepatocytes is releasable by trypsin digestion. NaF or carboxyatractyloside does not inhibit the process. The interaction of thrombin-antithrombin III complex with hepatocytes seems to be specific, since the complexes of antithrombin III with other proteinases, like trypsin or plasmin, are not bound at the concentrations used. Based on these data, a mechanism for the binding of the inactive complexed form of thrombin to hepatocytes is suggested. PMID- 6220484 TI - Platelet activation and thromboembolism in patients with mitral valve prolapse. PMID- 6220485 TI - ["Back school". The economic treatment of patients with bad back]. PMID- 6220486 TI - [Braces in the treatment of chronic back pain]. PMID- 6220487 TI - Immunoregulatory T cell function in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis. AB - Both concanavalin A (Con A)-induced suppressor cell activity and autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction (AMLR) were significantly decreased in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) in comparison with those of healthy subjects (p less than 0.001) and p less than 0.001, respectively). Factors inhibiting lymphocyte transformation by Con A and PHA were demonstrated in sera from a majority of the patients with PBC. In approximately half of these patients, some serum factor(s) also induced a decrease of Con A-induced suppressor cell function of lymphocytes from healthy subjects. These results suggest that patients with PBC have impaired immunoregulatory lymphocyte function which may be related to some factor(s) present in serum. PMID- 6220488 TI - Ultrasonographical diagnosis of fatty liver: significance of the liver-kidney contrast. AB - In order to investigate the reliability of ultrasonography in the diagnosis of fatty liver, retrospective evaluation was made of abdominal echograms in 45 patients with various diffuse liver diseases who underwent liver biopsy within 2 weeks after the ultrasound study. Instead of the well-recognized but subjective diagnostic criterion, i.e. the bright liver pattern, liver-kidney contrast is proposed as a new criterion. The liver-kidney contrast is based on the brightness of the liver in comparison to the renal parenchyma where fatty change seldom occurs. Combination of this liver-kidney contrast with two other well-known ultrasonographical findings of fatty liver, vascular blurring and deep attenuation, enables us to grade fatty change semiquantitatively. When fatty change of over 30% in the hepatic lobule was adopted as the definition of fatty liver, the satisfaction of both liver-kidney contrast and vascular blurring presented an ultrasound diagnostic criterion for fatty liver, with sensitivity of 83%, specificity of 100%, and an accuracy of 96%. PMID- 6220489 TI - Thiol antidote to inorganic mercury toxicity with an uncharacteristic mechanism. AB - alpha-Mercapto-beta-(2-furyl)acrylic acid (MFA) significantly reduced the lethality of mercuric chloride to rats (2.2 mg Hg/kg, ip) when administered (25 mg/kg, po) at 1, 24, 48, and 72 hr. Daily administration of MFA (25 mg/kg, po) significantly reduced the lethality of daily injection of increasing amounts of mercuric chloride (1 mg Hg/kg X 7 days, 2 mg Hg/kg X 7 days, 4 mg Hg/kg X 14 days, ip). Mercury concentration in kidneys of MFA-treated rats was significantly higher than in vehicle-treated controls, whereas concentration in liver was (nonsignificantly) lower. Enhanced mercury deposition in kidney as a manifestation of antidotal effect is not characteristic of thiol chelators used in practice for mercury poisoning. PMID- 6220490 TI - Measurement of carotid blood flow in man and its clinical application. AB - With the use of a new ultrasonic volume flow meter (VFM), over 8000 measurements of common carotid blood flow were made in 120 normal control subjects and 550 patients with various neurological disease. The accuracy of the flow meter in measuring blood flow on an experimental model ranged from 93 to 97%. In normal subjects, common carotid blood flow varies with age. It increased from newborn to age 20 and gradually decreased thereafter. In normal healthy subjects, the flow varies within +/- 6.7% (2SD) at one sitting (intrasession) and +/- 21.2% (2SD) from week to week (intersession study). Carotid blood flow varies linearly with PaCO2 and increased markedly in response to endotracheal intubation. In healthy adults, the flow ratio between the two common carotid arteries is 1.07 +/- 0.052. This ratio increases in patients with transient ischemic attacks to 1.28 +/- 0.23 (p less than 0.05) and in patients with intracranial space occupying lesions to 1.46 +/- 0.39, (p less than 0.01). In 26 consecutive cases of carotid endarterectomies, the preoperative common carotid blood volume flow was 5.1 +/- 1.0 cc/sec. All cases preoperatively had at least 30% stenosis and ranged from 30 to 100% stenosis. The carotid blood volume was significantly increased post operatively (p less than 0.001). The overall accuracy in detecting carotid and cerebral arterial disease is 89% with sensitivity of 96% and the specificity of 71%. Our clinical experience indicates that this device is not only a valuable noninvasive diagnostic tool for evaluation of carotid disease but also appears to be useful in assessing cerebral blood flow. PMID- 6220492 TI - Fluorescent probe assay of early mixed lymphocyte reaction to predict allograft survival in mice. AB - A rapid fluorescent probe assay of mixed lymphocyte reactivity has permitted prediction of allograft survival in mice. The assay is based on detection of early membrane events in stimulated cells by decreased fluorescence intensity of cell-bound N-phenyl-l-napthylamine (NPN) 30 min after allogenic cell interaction. The NPN-mixed-lymphocyte reaction (NPN-MLR) detected antigenic differences coded for by the whole H-2 complex or by the I region but not by the M locus. The probe assay correlated better with graft survival than did conventional 3H-thymidine assay, which also detects differences at the M locus that are less relevant to allograft rejection. Investigation of the cell types needed to obtain the response detected by the NPN-MLR assay revealed a requirement for mature T cells and plastic-surface-adherent monocytes and macrophages in the responding cell population. The monocytes and macrophages had an essential role in the generation of soluble factors that mediated the NPN-detected response. The NPN-MLR assay offers a reliable, rapid test of recipient-donor compatibility for allograft survival, and a system for studying early events in allogeneic cell interaction. PMID- 6220491 TI - Chronic graft-versus-host disease in the rat radiation chimera. III. Immunology and immunopathology in rapidly induced models. AB - Although chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) frequently develops in the long term rat radiation chimera, we present three additional models in which a histologically similar disease is rapidly induced. These include adoptive transfer of spleen and bone marrow from rats with spontaneous chronic GVHD into lethally irradiated rats of the primary host strain; sublethal irradiation of stable chimeras followed by a booster transplant; and transfer of spleen cells of chimeras recovering from acute GVHD into second-party (primary recipient strain) or third-party hosts. Some immunopathologic and immune abnormalities associated with spontaneous chronic GVHD were not observed in one or more of the induced models. Thus, IgM deposition in the skin, antinuclear antibodies, and vasculitis appear to be paraphenomena. On the other hand, lymphoid hypocellularity of the thymic medulla, immaturity of splenic follicles, and nonspecific suppressor cells were consistently present in the long term chimeras, and in all models. These abnormalities therefore may be pathogenetically important, or closely related to the development of chronic GVHD. PMID- 6220493 TI - Long-term renal allograft survival in rats preimmunized with donor strain RT1.B antigens. AB - Rat renal allograft survival was enhanced by active immunization with donor strain RT1.B (Ia) antigens. Lewis (LEW) rats (16) were immunized with Brown Norway (BN) lymphocyte extracts containing RT1.B, but not RT1.A antigens, prior to receiving (LEW X BN)F1 renal allografts. Group 1 (8 rats) was immunized with lymphocyte membrane fragments group 2(8 rats) was primed with lymphocyte supernatant extract. Longterm survivors (greater than 60 days; 12 animals) had a mean blood urea nitrogen of 75 +/- 31 mg% and serum creatinine of 2.0 +/- 0.8 mg% at one month. Death occurred in 90% of control allograft recipients within 10 days. Anti-BN RT1.B but not RT1.A antibodies were detected in sera from actively enhanced rats following immunization and at day 7 posttransplantation. We conclude that preimmunization with cell extracts containing donor RT1.B antigens has a protective effect on the allograft, and that the phenomenon of active immunologic enhancement can be produced without immunization to RT1.A antigens. PMID- 6220494 TI - Lymphocyte subsets in the allograft recipient: correlation of helper to suppressor ratio with clinical events. PMID- 6220496 TI - Malakoplakia following renal transplantation. PMID- 6220495 TI - Immune mechanisms in organ allograft rejection. PMID- 6220497 TI - Neonatal tolerance and tolerance to self. PMID- 6220498 TI - [Is there anionic ATPase in the nuclei of animal cells?]. AB - The nuclei of the rat liver, heart, thymus and of the mouse liver isolated in sucrose gradient reveal ATPase sensitive to bicarbonate, sulfite, azide and thiocyanate. The admixture of mitochondria and submitochondrial particles in the nuclear preparation was found negligible, which could not contribute to the anion ATPase in the nuclei. This was demonstrated by the calculation and by the introducing of mitochondria into the nuclear preparations. PMID- 6220499 TI - [Treatment of severe acne in women with Diane (cyproteronacetate and ethinylestradiol)]. PMID- 6220500 TI - [Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty in renovascular hypertension]. PMID- 6220501 TI - [Value of medroxyprogesterone acetate in the treatment of precocious puberty]. PMID- 6220502 TI - [Abdominal aorta stenosis: percutaneous dilatation by Gruntzig catheter]. PMID- 6220503 TI - Renal angioplasty: experiences with 94 patients. AB - Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) was performed on 94 patients with hypertension due to renovascular stenosis. In 76 cases PTA was successful. Even in the presence of severe arteriosclerosis the balloon catheter technique was successful and resulted in few complications. Recording intraluminal blood pressure is the best parameter to predict a successful outcome. Nuclear studies are helpful in the follow-up of patients. The principal aim of PTA is to lower the blood pressure and to salvage the diseased kidney. PMID- 6220504 TI - [A urological x-ray study table with a 36-cm x-ray image intensifier]. AB - The described urological table with 14" (36 cm) image intensifier represents a new concept. Instead of the conventional technique, i.e. fluoroscopy with a 9" (23 cm) image intensifier and radiography with film-screen combinations in a cassette, all X-ray diagnostic work is done with a 14" (36 cm) image intensifier and a 100 mm spot film camera. Field size of the X-ray image intensifier as well as spot film image quality are satisfactory to replace the conventional radiographic technique. The radiation exposure of patient and examiner is reduced significantly by the spot film technique. Omission of conventional radiographic technique allows reduction of table length to 100 cm instead of the conventional 140 cm. Furthermore, the new urological table facilities the anaesthesist's access to the patient. PMID- 6220505 TI - [Perspectives and problems of pediatric surgery in Kirghizia]. PMID- 6220506 TI - [Surgical treatment of median postoperative ventral hernia]. AB - The authors propose a new variant of operation of plasty with local tissues for great postoperative hernias, the dissection of aponeurosis of external oblique muscles on both sides resulting in increased volume of the abdominal cavity and reduced intraperitoneal pressure. Operations were fulfilled in 144 patients. Late results were studied in 126 patients in the terms from 6 months to 6 years. Recurrent hernias were found in 6,3% of cases. PMID- 6220507 TI - [Clinical manifestations and therapeutic tactics in acute lung abscess]. AB - Under analysis were data of 107 patients with acute pulmonary abscesses. Such patients need a complex intensive conservative therapy. Indications for surgical treatment of acute pulmonary abscesses were considered to be concomitant complications (hemorrhage, pyopneumothorax, empyema of the pleura), atypical forms badly differentiated from a cavitary form of carcinoma, as well as suppurative processes not treated conservatively and disposed to turn into a chronic stage. PMID- 6220508 TI - [Early and late results of treatment of patients with incarcerated inguinal hernia]. AB - Under analysis are results of the treatment of 101 patients with incarcerated inguinal hernias. Thirteen patients died (12,9%), twelve of them were older than 60. In 19 patients (12 of them died) there were necrotic alterations in the incarcerated intestine. Remote results were followed after 34 operations (8 patients had recurrences). After 8 operations with the Kukudzhanov plasty no recurrences were observed. The authors believe that the execution of modern methods of plasty with the involvement of the Cooper's ligament when indicated can considerably improve remote results. PMID- 6220509 TI - Experimental cryptosporidiosis in calves: clinical manifestations and pathological findings. AB - Twenty-two calves between one and 20 days old were infected orally or by contact with cryptosporidia. Calves were maintained as either specific pathogen free, colostrum fed or sucking and were inoculated with either a bacteria free or a contaminated cryptosporidium preparation. Enteritis was characterised by depression, anorexia and diarrhoea and cryptosporidium oocysts were excreted during the clinical course of the illness. In the initial stages of the disease, cryptosporidium infestation was found throughout the small intestine; in the later stage the large intestine was also affected. Villous atrophy and fusion was present at small intestinal sites infected with cryptosporidia and lactase levels were depressed. No lesions were seen in infected large intestinal mucosa. Although the incubation period was longest (five to seven days) in calves infected by contact, there were few differences in the clinical course of disease or the pathological findings between any of the infected calves. PMID- 6220510 TI - Histopathological findings in the lungs of Scottish red and roe deer. AB - Histopathology on portions of lung collected from 34 red deer (Cervus elaphus) and 15 roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) between 1977 and 1981 revealed evidence of lungworm infestation in 16 red and 14 roe deer. In the red deer, Dictyocaulus species, and the developmental stages of another parasite, believed to be Elaphostrongylus cervi, were involved. Dictyocaulus also affected the roe deer, but in them the major lesions were associated with protostrongylids. Exudative bronchopneumonia, including two cases of fungal infection, was predominantly a problem of red deer under seven months of age. Between the age of four and seven months, parasites frequently accompanied this change. Other conditions encountered were pulmonary congestion, tuberculosis and granulomata of unknown cause. PMID- 6220511 TI - The incidence of Dictyocaulus viviparus infections in cattle in The Netherlands. I. The Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay as a diagnostic tool. AB - The Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) provides a very efficient technique for detecting antibodies against Dictyocaulus vivparus in calves. Although low level cross reactions were found in animals with gastrointestinal nematodes, the specificity and sensitivity of the technique are sufficient for herd diagnosis of lungworm infections and for survey work. This conclusion is reached on the basis of artificially and naturally infected calves. ELISA titres correlate well with Indirect Haemagglutination titres, parasitological findings, and clinical observations. PMID- 6220512 TI - [Amoxicillin resorption and retention in calves and pigs treated with Amopen powder]. AB - Determined were the serum concentrations of amoxicillin at the single and repeated oral administration to calves and pigs of the drug formula amopen powder, containing 5 per cent amoxicillin tryhydrate. It was found that the resorption of the antibiotic was rapidly setting in, and there were high concentrations in the blood serum of the treated animals, in pigs both the resorption and the elimination of amoxicillin occurring at a higher rate. In calves with developed forestomach the antibiotic was resorbed twice slower than in sucking calves. In pigs the increase in feed with which the drug was offered resulted in its weaker resorption in the digestive tract. PMID- 6220513 TI - Proteolytic processing of phage lambda tail protein gpH: timing of the cleavage. AB - We describe a method for the rapid partial purification of intermediate structures of phage lambda tail assembly, using formaldehyde-fixed Escherichia coli cells to precipitate tail-related structures. The purification depends on the specific interaction between the E. coli lambda receptor protein and lambda tail protein gpJ. Protein compositions of tail assembly intermediates were analyzed to determine when in the assembly sequence the minor tail protein gpH is cleaved. gpH joins the tail precursor structure early in the pathway, during assembly of the initiator (a structure that becomes the tail tip). However, gpH is not cleaved until after initiator assembly is complete and after the tail shaft has polymerized onto the initiator. These results suggest that each gpH molecule is extended along the length of the tail. Our results also appear to eliminate an ambiguity in the tail assembly pathway determined by earlier experiments: we argue that gene G acts between genes H and M. PMID- 6220514 TI - Role of gene T in phage lambda tail assembly. AB - We have studied the phenotype of a heat-sensitive mutation that defines lambda tail gene T. Induction and growth at the nonpermissive temperature of a lambda Tts40 prophage results in production of morphologically normal but biologically inactive tails, which can be activated in vitro by lysates supplying the products of genes T, U, and Z. Thus, gene T acts between genes V and U in the tail assembly pathway or immediately after the completion of tail shaft polymerization. lambda Tts40 lysates also contain a substantial number of morphologically normal phage particles which are deficient in cleavage of the minor tail protein gpH. This result is consistent with the fact that gpH cleavage normally occurs later in the assembly pathway than the time found for gene T action. Purified lambda Tts40 virions that were produced at the permissive temperature are normal with respect to gpH cleavage. However, they are more sensitive to heat inactivation than are wild-type virions, suggesting that the T gene product is in the virion. At the permissive temperature, the mutant protein made by lambda Tts40 is active in vivo even if it has been synthesized at the nonpermissive temperature. PMID- 6220515 TI - The tL2 cluster of transcription termination sites between genes bet and ral of coliphage lambda. AB - The major leftward transcription of bacteriophage lambda is controlled by several terminators (t), including tL1, tL2, tL3, and others. The tL2 termination site, which was placed by Salstrom and Szybalski (Virology 88, 252-260, 1978) between lambda genes bet and ral, was found to consist of a cluster of four leftward terminators. As not to change the numbering of other leftward terminators, these were designated as tL2a, tL2b, tL2c, and tL2d. As determined by S1 nuclease mapping of the tL2-terminated in vitro transcripts, the normally pL-initiated major leftward lambda transcription should encounter termination points at 1653 bp (tL2a; between genes Ea10 and ral), 2089 bp (tL2b; between genes cIII and Ea10), 2441-2442 bp, and 2483 bp (tL2c and tL2d; both within gene gam) from the sL startpoint (= +1). All terminators were cloned in a pBR322-derived plasmid between the p'R promoter and the galK gene, and their in vivo termination efficiencies are 69% (tL2a), 53% (tL2b), and 38% (tL2c + tL2d), measured as reduction of galK expression in rho+galK- hosts at 30 degrees. The tL2a and tL2b), terminators depend little on the rho factor, whereas the efficiency of tL2c + tL2d decreases from 38 to only 14% in the rho- host. When shifted to 42 degrees, the termination efficiency of tL2b decreases from 53 to only 36%, while the other tL2 terminators are much less affected by increasing the temperature. The calculated joint efficiency of the entire tL2 cluster is 90%, which is in perfect agreement with the 90% termination efficiency reported by Salstrom and Szybalski (1978) for tL2. However, the natural location of tL2c and tL2d within the actively translated gam gene may interfere with their termination function. Under in vitro conditions, tL2c and tL2d are active only in the presence of rho factor, whereas tL2a and tL2b do not require rho. The structure of the tL2 terminators resembles that of some other known termination sites: a perfect (8 bp for tL2a and tL2b) or imperfect (8-9 bp) dyad symmetry and a T6 (tL2a), T5 (tL2b), T4 (tL2c) or TTATT sequence (tL2d) toward the 3' end of the mRNA-like DNA strand. PMID- 6220516 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of nonpenetrating spleen injuries]. PMID- 6220517 TI - [Alterations in activity of the ATPase systems in subcellular fractions of brain and spinal cord in the preclinical period of botulinum poisoning]. AB - Under conditions of the C type botulinic intoxication of rats blockade of cholinergic synaptic transmission and development of paralytic syndrome followed the distinct alteration in activity of the ATPase systems in various subcellular fractions of brain and spinal cord. This suggests that the toxin affects the various intracellular metabolic reactions related directly or indirectly to active transmembrane transport of ions. PMID- 6220518 TI - [Experience in active detection of oncological diseases at industrial enterprises in the Armenian SSR]. AB - A questionnaire-based mass screening was conducted at a number of industrial enterprises in the Armenian SSR. The results were evaluated on the basis of 11,035 comprehensive questionnaires. It was found that instrumental, laboratory, X-ray and morphological examination had to be carried out in 1,116 persons (10,1%). Neoplasms of the most frequent localizations were detected in 19 cases (0.17%). The advantages of premedication with seduxen during mass screening are discussed. PMID- 6220519 TI - [Experience in activities of a organizational-methodological department of a district oncological dispensary]. AB - The paper deals with the routine work of the statistical staff of a cancer control department. Problems of organization and planning of cancer control measures, such as handling of cancer patient registration cards, inspection visits of the Dispensary medical staff to different areas of the region, mass screening, establishment and supervision over out-patient examination posts, advanced training of doctors, doctors' assistants and nurses at the Dispensary, etc. are discussed. The experience reported in the article may be useful to the staff of local oncological dispensaries with a low- or medium-size population in their catchment areas. PMID- 6220520 TI - Pilot study for large-scale plasma procurement using automated plasmapheresis. AB - A pilot study for large-scale automated plasmapheresis using the Haemonetics Model 50 machine was undertaken in the Yorkshire Region of the United Kingdom to determine the viability of such a programme for national self-sufficiency in fresh plasma procurement for factor VIII concentrate production. The study was designed to resolve three areas of concern: donor safety and recruitment; a cost analysis, and the choice of anticoagulant for optimum factor VIII yields. The results show that large-scale automated plasmapheresis could safely and economically produce high-quality source plasma necessary for national self sufficiency. PMID- 6220521 TI - [Problems in the treatment of acne rosacea]. PMID- 6220522 TI - [Immune complexes in health and disease]. PMID- 6220523 TI - [Recommendations for the evaluation and assessment of the electrocardiogram in adolescents and adults. Concise programmed course. 9. Partial program III. Right atrioventricular hypertrophy, left atrioventricular hypertrophy and biatrioventricular hypertrophy. 2. Electrocardiographic criteria for hypertrophy in adults]. PMID- 6220524 TI - [Ultrastructure of "acrobullous dermatosis" induced by PUVA-therapy in psoriasis]. AB - Report about a 44-year-old psoriatic female who developed recurrent bullous eruptions on her extremities during oral photochemotherapy. Ultrastructural analysis revealed an epidermolytic blister formation due to cytolytic alteration of infranuclear parts of basal cells. Pathogenetically, an initial subclinical phototoxic alteration of the epidermodermal coherence is assumed which may lead to a visible bulla by an additional mechanical trauma. There was no evidence for a subclinical bullous pemphigoid. PMID- 6220525 TI - [Schrudde's method of treating chronic lymphedema using silicon tubes]. PMID- 6220526 TI - The response of elastin and collagen to acute hyperdistension of the rabbit abdominal aorta. PMID- 6220527 TI - [In vitro comparison of the hardness and microrelief of nonmetallic filling surfaces]. PMID- 6220528 TI - [Use of oral plaque pH measurement in studying nutritional influences]. PMID- 6220530 TI - [Free amino acids in the total saliva of healthy children. The effect of caries]. PMID- 6220529 TI - [Polychrome sequential marking--a method of representing bone reaction to the implantation of bioactive ceramic materials]. PMID- 6220532 TI - [Economics in dental laboratory]. PMID- 6220531 TI - [Multidimensional contingency table analysis on the effect of antimicrobial chemotherapy on bacterial growth in microbiological study material]. PMID- 6220533 TI - [Residual monomer content of prosthesis materials]. PMID- 6220534 TI - [Why determine the manner of chewing?]. PMID- 6220535 TI - [Scientific and non-scientific "reportage" round in the mouth]. PMID- 6220536 TI - [Establishing a dental practice in a retail store. Development of a 100 million dollar business]. PMID- 6220537 TI - [Biological and mechanical results of splinting]. PMID- 6220538 TI - [Culture properties of the causative agent of tularemia isolated in natural foci in Stavropol Territory, the Kalmyk ASSR and the Armenian SSR]. AB - The strains isolated in natural foci of the Stavropol Territory and the Armenian SSR have been found to belong to the holarctic race of Francisella tularensis, biovar II. In natural foci of the Kalmyk ASSR the strains belonging to biovars I and II have been isolated. The study of the tularecinogenicity of the cultures has revealed the existence of strains which are not sensitive to their own tularecins. The phenomenon of tularecinogenicity in F. novocida has been established. Avirulent strain 319/38 belonging to the non-arctic race is recommended as an indicator strain for the determination of tularecinogenicity. PMID- 6220539 TI - [Role of genetic factors in the epidemic process in respiratory viral infections]. AB - Observations carried out during 1973-1979 indicate that persons, who are frequently ill, determine the incidence of influenza and acute respiratory diseases among various groups of adult population at all epidemic periods. In constantly observed groups of different ages such persons were the source of 60 85% of the outbreaks of acute respiratory diseases. The correlation between genotypic blood markers (the ABO and HLA systems) and susceptibility to respiratory viruses has been established. PMID- 6220540 TI - [Development of methods of prognosis of viral hepatitis morbidity]. PMID- 6220541 TI - [Structural and functional analysis of the effect of cationic surfactants on Escherichia cells and spheroplasts]. AB - The character of the growth of Escherichia culture after treatment with alkyl dimethylbenzyl ammonium chloride (a cation surface-active substance) has been studied. The action of the preparation at bacteriostatic concentrations is reversible and manifested only by the increased duration of the lag phase. The complete restoration of the processes ensuring the growth and mitosis of the cells usually occurs. The preparation causes disturbances in the permeability barrier of the cell membranes, appearing immediately on contact with cation surface-active substances. This compound affects the cytoplasmic membranes of Escherichia cells at extremely low concentrations (0.0001-0.0002%); as a result, the leakage of low-molecular substances from the cells occurs. These disturbances in permeability are not accompanied by the disappearance of nucleic acids from the cells. The preparation used at bactericidal and subbactericidal concentrations denatures high-molecular cell components to a variable degree. The study of the ultrastructure of cells and spheroblasts shows that alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride destroys the structure of the outer and cytoplasmic membranes, as well as the ribosomal apparatus of Escherichia cells. PMID- 6220542 TI - The effect of hypothyroidism on myocardial contractility and sarcoplasmic reticulum function in rats. AB - Changes in contractility and ATPase activity of SR from hearts of hypothyroid rats were investigated. Rats were made hypothyroid by daily injection of 100 mg/kg methimazole for 14 days. In methimazole-treated rats, the contractile force, the maximum velocity of tension development and relaxation were significantly decreased, however, the time to peak tension remained unchanged. Function of SR was studied by determining of Ca2+-activated ATPase activity, which was significantly decreased after methimazole treatment. This diminution may be partially responsible for a slower reduction of the free Ca2+ in the surroundings of contractile proteins and thus decrease the rate of relaxation. PMID- 6220543 TI - [Anatomo-clinical features of goiter extending into the mediastinum]. PMID- 6220544 TI - [Diagnostic value of double contrast in the study of benign gastric neoplasms]. AB - Personal experience in cases of benign tumors of the stomach is presented. Between May 79 and May 82. 2250 patients were examined by double contrast method. Three cases of benign tumors of the stomach are reported: one leiomyoma of the fundus, one aberrant pancreas and one hyperplastic polyp. Diagnosis was made by radiography and confirmed by endoscopy. The method has greatly increased the possibility of diagnosing tumors of the stomach; it is now possible to distinguish benign tumors from malignant tumors. Our results suggest that an experienced radiologist can detect most of benign tumors of the stomach and often make a differential diagnosis. PMID- 6220545 TI - [Atrophic zoniform nevus]. AB - The first, in our knowledge, case of naevus atrophicus zoniforme in italian literature is here reported. A 13 year old girl had a thirteen years history of involved numerous depressed areas of skin of the right anterior region of the chest and of the right upper arm. The lesions were round, grey-bluish, smooth, depressed, completely asymptomatic. No inflammatory changes were noticed in affected patches nor in surrounding normal skin. The histologic changes were compatible with dermal atrophy: epidermis was quite normal; dermis war very thin; the thickness of hypodermis was increased. Some large nervous structures were visible within deep dermis. Histochemical changes mainly involved elastic fibers, whose thickness was considerably increased. The diagnosis of naevus atrophicus zoniforme is discussed, in comparison to other idiopathic atrophies. In conclusion, the main characters of naevus atrophicus zoniforme, according to literature data, are confirmed in our case: 1) congenital appearance 2) zoniforme distribution 3) dermal atrophy 4) thickening of elastic fibers 5) occurrence of large nervous structures in the dermis. PMID- 6220546 TI - [Indications and technic of surgical treatment of pulmonary embolism]. AB - Authors describe the surgical technique for pulmonary embolectomy and review the cases of the patients undergoing such operation. On the basis of the obtained results, Authors think that the unsuccessful cases are mainly due to the very deteriorated preoperative clinical state of these patients and to associated illness. Authors believe that the familiarity with this kind of procedure and the prompt decision to perform it before a further worsening of the clinical conditions have a positive influence on its results and that surgical indication should not be limited to the patients in cardiac arrest, but instead extended to those cases showing rapid deterioration of the clinical state. PMID- 6220547 TI - [Case of retrosternal Morgagni-Larrey hernia]. AB - Retrosternal hernia (Morgagni-Larrey) is the less frequent of diaphragmatic defects. Nevertheless its frequency is probably more elevated than commonly believed because very often there is a lack of symptoms. The clinical case which is referred has a typical presentation but it is outlined the difficult interpretation of routine chest x-rays, while a prompt diagnostic suspicion is not always present. Surgical repair is the discussed emphasizing the very good results within a virtual absence of recurrences. PMID- 6220548 TI - [Clinical applications of the radioimmunoassay of carcinoembryonic antigen]. AB - The clinical applications of the radioimmunoassay evaluation of the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) are examined here, with special reference to the follow-up of patients undertaking radiotherapy for uterus cancers, portio and bladder cancers, whether after surgery of not. In addition the Authors point out the levels of negativity for every test method, so that the possible crossed reaction with CEA-like substances can be taken into account. PMID- 6220549 TI - [Analysis of the effect of lithium salts on cognitive functions]. AB - In this work the authors studied the effects of lithium on memory and reaction times in 7 manic-depressive patients receiving long-term therapy. The results suggest lithium treatment does not change these intellectual functions to any significant extent, comparing the trials of the experimental sessions during the therapy and after two weeks off lithium. Our data mostly agree with the studies of other Authors who used similar experimental methods. PMID- 6220550 TI - [Fine structure of the epiphysis of Chiroptera (Vesperugo savi and Vesperugo piccolo. II. Cytophysiological aspects during sexual cycle, reproductive activity and seasonal rhythm]. PMID- 6220551 TI - [Thermal therapy in gynecology]. AB - The Authors consider the importance of Thermal Therapy in a large part of gynaecological diseases. They emphasize of its utility mostly in the chronic flogosis of the female genitalia. However other indications emerged from this research, such as female sterility, pelvic vascular disease, climaterie syndrome and post-operatory affects. PMID- 6220552 TI - [Extensive calcifications of the left atrium]. AB - The clinical and surgical features of eight patients with extensive calcifications of the left atrial wall and mitral valvular disease, has been reported. Seven patients underwent to prosthetic replacement of the mitral valve and one to prosthetic replacement of the mitral and aortic valve. Beside the valvular replacement, the authors stress the importance of the surgical removal of the atrium wall calcifications, in order to avoid the postoperative haemorrhagic and embolic complications. PMID- 6220553 TI - [Fibrosarcoma of the larynx: diagnostic and therapeutic problems. Clinical case]. PMID- 6220554 TI - [Cervical pneumatocele in the adult]. PMID- 6220555 TI - [Surgical indications in treatment of chronic bronchial suppurations]. AB - The Authors report their experience (22 operations) concerning chronic bronchial suppurations of surgical interest. During the period considered (1964 - April 1982), among many pathological processes capable of conditioning a chronic bronchial suppuration, it has been observed a progressive decrease of "primitive" bronchiectasis and a percentage increase of "secondary" ones. Surgical treatment, unquestionably required in cases of cystic malformation or secondary obstruction, is now restricted to "primitive" cases with well-limited bronchiectasis or with complications (hemoptysis). Surgical therapy performed in these cases appears to grant good results both immediately (O% surgical mortality) and in the future. PMID- 6220556 TI - [Traumatic perforations of the esophagus]. AB - The Authors describe 6 patients with esophageal jatrogenic of foreign body perforation treatment during the last 5 years. The early recognition and immediate direct suture of the lesion proved a simple and efficient treatment. At the contrary a delayed diagnosis represent the cause of morbidity and mortality (one case on the six described) being impossible a direct suture of the lesion as consequence of local and general infective complication leading to very long postoperative causes with possible iterative surgery. The use of T.P.N. and of antibiotic therapy gascromatografich testing guides for anaerobic infection provide today a much improved prognosis for these patients. PMID- 6220557 TI - [Pharmacological effects of the combination of a spasmolytic (otilonium) with a benzodiazepine (diazepam)]. AB - The pharmacological effects of an association represented by a myolitic agent (otilonium bromide) and a benzodiazepine (diazepam) were investigated on different in vitro preparations and on one in vivo test. In the isolated preparations both drugs administered alone showed a remarkable inhibitory effect on the motility of different areas of the digestive system both spontaneous and evoked by different stimulatory agents. Association of the two compounds gave rise to additive effects or actually to a potentiating effect according to the different tissues and animal species. Negative interference was never observed. The same was true also in the in vivo preparation ("in situ" rat pylorus). The significance and the importance of these observations are discussed also in the light of the relevant clinical implications. PMID- 6220558 TI - [Seasonal variations of the ultimobranchial body of the turtle (Pseudemys scripta)]. AB - Ultrastructural seasonal cyclic aspects of ultimobranchial body (C.U.B.) in fresh turtles (Pseudemys scripta) are studied. The C.U.B. consists of follicles and cords. The cord cells are characterized by many secretory granules measuring approximately 180 nm with variable feature and electron density. These granules are localized in the cytoplasm close to basal laminae. The follicular cells, on the contrary, present few and large secretory granules, glycogen particles, bundle of filaments and a scarcely developing Golgi apparatus and granular endoplasmic reticulum. The apical and follicular cytoplasmatic membrane is provided with small number of cilia and short microvilli. Seasonal cellular variations are described clearly in the winter (february-march) specimens of ultimobranchial body, these are characterized by more cord aspects and few follicles. The only cord cells present significant ultrastructural changes, represented by more glycogen particles, middle and wide lipid droplets and poor presecretory granules in Golgi zone. These morphological elements orient to a parallelism with the C cells of hibernant animals (Azzali 1967, Frink and Coll.) and the chief cells of parathyroid gland of the self turtle species as by our previous study. PMID- 6220559 TI - Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) for lower extremity arterial insufficiency. AB - Short term results of treatment with percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) for lower extremity arterial insufficiency are presented. During a two year period 54 PTA were attempted and 43 were successful. 42 patients were either free of symptoms or had objectively reduced ischemic symptoms and remained so during the follow-up period (mean 10.5 months). Successfully repeated PTA were performed in three patients for the management of occlusions within an arterial segment earlier dilatated. Reasons for unsuccessful PTA were mainly difficulties in passing the stenosis/occlusion with the guide wire or that dilation could not be completed because of extensive calcification in the arterial wall. The only complication requiring treatment was a bleeding from a puncture site in the femoral artery. PTA treatment of lower extremity arterial insufficiency is for many patients a good alternative or complement to reconstructive vascular surgery and a method that should be used to a greater extent in vascular surgery centers. PMID- 6220560 TI - Correlation between platelet membrane glycoproteins and contractile proteins associated with thrombin induced platelet aggregation. PMID- 6220561 TI - Abnormal migration of platelet glycoprotein I on SDS-5.5% polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in two cases with Glanzmann's thrombasthenia. PMID- 6220563 TI - No in vivo effect of trisodium phosphonoformate on woodchuck hepatitis virus production. AB - The efficient in vitro inhibition of hepatitis B virus DNA polymerase by trisodium phosphonoformate (PFA, INN: foscarnet sodium) and its low toxicity suggested that PFA could be used as a therapeutic agent for hepatitis B infection. PFA was also found to inhibit woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV) DNA polymerase in vitro. As a model to test PFA's eventual effect, chronically WHV infected woodchucks were treated with PFA. The animals were treated twice daily in a dosage which gave a minimum serum level of PFA corresponding to an in vitro inhibiting effect on WHV DNA polymerase of about 40%. The concentration in liver tissue was found to be 15% below serum level. The amount of WHV particles in serum was followed by DNA polymerase assay. No effect on WHV production could be seen during 2 weeks' treatment. No change of the in vitro sensitivity to PFA of the WHV DNA polymerase was seen. These results indicate that the WHV associated DNA polymerase has no role in the production of viral particles. PMID- 6220562 TI - Influence of cider on the fibrinolytic enzyme system. AB - Ingestion of 750 ml cider inhibited plasma fibrinolytic activity: unfermented apple juice appeared to have some inhibitory effect, but this did not reach statistical significance. Cider inhibited urokinase-induced clot lysis in a concentration-dependent manner; the inhibitory activity was heat-stable and non dialysable. The fibrinolytic activities of plasmin, urokinase and, more markedly, tissue activator on fibrin plates were inhibited by cider in a concentration dependent manner. The amidolytic activity of plasmin was also inhibited in the presence of cider. PMID- 6220564 TI - Autoregulation of total and local renal blood flow in the rat during acute unilateral ureteral pressure elevation. PMID- 6220565 TI - Myocardial LDH isoenzyme patterns in rats exposed to cold and/or hypobaric hypoxia. AB - Exposure of rats to hypobaric hypoxia (9.5% O2) for 40 days produced cardiac hypertrophy, increases in the total LDH activity and subunit M percentage of LDH and a significant decrease (50%) in H/M ratio when compared to control rats. An equally long exposure to cold (+6 degrees C) did not affect heart weight or total LDH activity, but a significant increase (17.6%) in the H/M ratio developed. Simultaneous exposure to cold (+6 degrees C) and hypoxia (9.5% O2) caused a significant decrease in the H/M ratio, but there was no change in the total LDH activity when compared to the control group. The poor hypoxic tolerance of the cold-exposed rats could partly be explained by disadvantageous distribution of LDH isoenzymes leading to impaired glycolytic capacity of such an aerobic organ as the heart. PMID- 6220566 TI - Kidney and liver function in rats during the edema following constriction of thoracic inferior vena cava with and without adrenalectomy or hypophysectomy. AB - In several animal species, constriction of the thoracic inferior vena cava (TIVCC) is known to increase proximal sodium reabsorption and inhibit natriuresis following saline loading, leading to edema. To eluicidate the role of adrenal and hypophyseal hormones in the development of edema, kidney and liver functions after TIVCC were compared in adrenalectomised or hypophysectomised rats, and in intact controls. It was found that edema (body weight increase) and kidney and liver affliction were much less pronounced after the operations. The roles of aldosterone and ADH deficiency in renal sodium and water excretion are discussed. It is concluded that adrenal and hypophyseal hormones do not initiate edema but modulate its extent. The absence of edematous changes in the liver of hypophysectomised and adrenalectomised rats deserves further attention. PMID- 6220568 TI - Porphyrin localizing phenomena. PMID- 6220567 TI - Preclinical evaluation of hematoporphyrin derivative for the treatment of intraocular tumors: a preliminary report. PMID- 6220569 TI - Aspects of the cellular uptake and retention of hematoporphyrin derivative and their correlation with the biological response to PRT in vitro. PMID- 6220570 TI - Cellular uptake, excretion and localization of hematoporphyrin derivative (HPD). PMID- 6220571 TI - Intra-abdominal applications of hematoporphyrin photoradiation therapy. PMID- 6220572 TI - Studies of HPD: chemical composition and in vitro photosensitization. PMID- 6220573 TI - Hematoporphyrin derivative: chemical composition, photochemical and photosensitizing properties. PMID- 6220574 TI - HPD - a study of its components and their properties. PMID- 6220575 TI - The analysis of hematoporphyrin derivative. PMID- 6220576 TI - Potential use of radiolabelled porphyrins for tumor scanning. AB - Fe-TMPI, Fe-TCP and protohemins showed high initial uptake using tissue culture techniques with mouse tumor cells (P815). However, the tumor uptake in the in vivo model was poor. Of the radionuclides investigated, iron labelled to TMPI demonstrated the best uptake by tumor in vitro. As has been previously demonstrated, the unnatural meso-arylporphyrin derivatives showed better uptake than did naturally occurring porphyrins and their derivatives. PMID- 6220577 TI - Photoradiation therapy--clinical and drug advances. PMID- 6220578 TI - Hematoporphyrin derivative in the diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer. PMID- 6220579 TI - Light dosimetry in tissue: application to photoradiation therapy. PMID- 6220580 TI - Photobiologic considerations in photoradiation therapy. PMID- 6220581 TI - The pathophysiology of the glomerulonephropathies. PMID- 6220582 TI - Histamine and immune modulation. PMID- 6220583 TI - Immunopathogenetic aspects of IgA nephropathy. PMID- 6220584 TI - Mediators and modulators of human lymphocyte chemotaxis. PMID- 6220585 TI - [Bone scintigraphy in stomatology]. PMID- 6220586 TI - Percutaneous transluminal dilatation for renal artery stenosis in a 22-month-old hypertensive girl. PMID- 6220587 TI - Iliac artery rupture: a complication of transluminal angioplasty. PMID- 6220588 TI - [Analgesic intolerance without asthma]. PMID- 6220589 TI - The in vitro effect of levamisole on histamine inhibited E-rosette forming T lymphocyte subpopulation in patients affected by disseminated erythematosus lupus. AB - Decreased activity of T-suppressor cells plays an important role in the pathogenesis of lupus erythematosus disseminatus. The authors investigated the in vitro effect of levamisole on the histamine inhibited E-rosette forming T lymphocyte subpopulation in patients affected by LED and in healthy persons. Histamine significantly inhibited the E-rosette forming T-lymphocyte subpopulation in the patient group as compared to controls. This effect of histamine could be reversed by levamisole. It may be anticipated that the E rosette forming T-cell subpopulation which can be inhibited by histamine is identical to histamine-receptor carrying T-lymphocyte subpopulation with suppressor properties. The possible mechanisms of histamine induced inhibition of E-rosette forming T-cells has been discussed on the basis of literary data. PMID- 6220591 TI - Laser laparoscopy offers new hope for infertility. PMID- 6220590 TI - The possible role of bradykinin as a mediator in bronchial asthma. AB - A variety of antiasthmatic drugs were examined in a bioassay of uterine cornua of rats for determining their influence upon Bradykinin induced contractions. 4 different actions were seen: pronounced, moderate and weak suppression of enhancement of Bradykinin-activity. The most pronounced blocking effect was seen with Fenoterol, Adrenaline and Pheniramine, a moderate effect with Prednisolone and Tolazoline, a weak effect with Propranolol and DSCG. Noradrenaline showed a stimulating effect. It is postulated that Bradykinin acts via alpha-stimulation with concomitant cAMP-decrease after specific binding to Bradykinin-receptors. The results of the study suggest that Bradykinin still must be discussed as a possible mediator in obstructive airway-disease. PMID- 6220592 TI - Echocardiographic detection of right ventricular hypertrophy. AB - M-mode echocardiographic right ventricular wall thickness (RVW) and diastolic right ventricular internal diameter (RVID), when above the accepted normal range (RVW less than or equal to 5 mm, RVID less than or equal to 26 mm), are frequently used clinically to predict the presence of right ventricular hypertrophy. RVID was compared to anatomic right ventricular mass (RVM) in 27 patients and to RVW in 13 patients to determine their accuracy for predicting right ventricular hypertrophy (RVM greater than 65 gm). When increased, both measurements were specific for right ventricular hypertrophy. The specificity for RVW above 5 mm was 100% and for RVID greater than 26 mm was 79%. Neither was a sensitive indicator of hypertrophy. Only 36% of those with anatomic right ventricular hypertrophy had an echocardiographically dilated ventricle, and 67% had a thickened free wall. Neither measurement proved to be an accurate predictor of RVM, with a correlation for RVW of 0.56 and for diastolic RVID of 0.19. PMID- 6220593 TI - Nifedipine in the treatment of primary pulmonary hypertension. PMID- 6220594 TI - Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. PMID- 6220595 TI - Endomyocardial fibrosis: clinical profile and role of surgery in management. PMID- 6220596 TI - Frequency and importance of unprovoked coronary spasm in patients with angina pectoris undergoing percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. PMID- 6220597 TI - Prevalence and correlates of posterior extra echocardiographic spaces in a free living population based sample (the Framingham study). AB - To obtain epidemiologic information on extra echocardiographic spaces immediately posterior to the left ventricular free wall, 2,028 subjects in the original Framingham cohort study (mean age 70 +/- 7 years) and 3,624 of the offspring of the cohort (and their spouses) (mean age 44 +/- 10 years) with adequate echocardiograms were evaluated. Extra echocardiographic spaces were detected in 370 (6.5%) of the 5,652 subjects. The prevalence ranged from less than 1% in subjects in the 20- to 30-year age decade to greater than 15% for those in their 80s. Extra echocardiographic spaces tended to be more common in subjects who were older, female, obese, more hypertensive, and who had higher blood sugar levels and higher low density lipoprotein cholesterol levels (measured 8 years earlier). The high prevalence of extra echocardiographic spaces and the independent association with age (cohort and offspring), obesity (cohort and male offspring), and ventricular septal hypertrophy (cohort and male offspring) is compatible with at least 2 hypotheses among others that should be tested: (1) Subepicardial fat may often masquerade as pericardial fluid producing a posterior extra echocardiographic space, especially in obese elderly subjects. (2) Small posterior extra echocardiographic spaces may often be early markers of subclinical hypertensive heart disease. PMID- 6220598 TI - Vitamin fluctuations in the blood of female baboons in relation to normal menstrual cycles, treatments with Lo-Ovral or Depo-Provera and a selected vitamin supplement. AB - Both endogenous and exogenous sex steriods may induce changes in plasma vitamin levels by altering availability, transport, binding, or use of vitamins. This study investigated some of those mechanisms by observing in a primate model (baboon), the blood levels of carotene, folate, vitamins A, B12, and C, and the status of vitamin B6, riboflavin, and thiamin. The latter three vitamins were studied by determining their relationship to asparate aminotransferase, glutathione reductase, and thiamin transketolase, respectively. The vitamin screen was obtained throughout normal menstrual cycles in 10 baboons and weekly for 55 wk in five baboons receiving Lo-Ovral and in four baboons receiving Provera. During the last 16 wk of hormonal treatment, all baboons received a vitamin supplement containing pyridoxine, riboflavin, and thiamin. Only carotene (p less than 0.0001), vitamin A (p less than 0.05), glutathione reductase (p less than 0.05), and thiamin transketolase (p less than 0.05) levels fluctuated significantly during normal menstrual cycles. Long-term treatment with Lo-Ovral and Provera resulted in numerous changes but there were very few differences between the two hormone treatments. Compared to control levels, vitamin C was elevated during treatment while all three enzyme activities were lowered. Vitamin supplementation raised asparate aminotransferase and glutathione reductase activity and the levels of folic acid, vitamin A, and carotene. This study demonstrates that interactions between hormones and vitamins and among vitamins themselves, are complex but it is likely that the treatments used here caused no physiologically significant vitamin alterations. PMID- 6220599 TI - Use of imprints for monoclonal antibody studies: suitability of air-dried preparations from lymphoid tissues with an immunohistochemical method. AB - Air-dried imprint preparations are conveniently produced from human lymphoid samples without the special methods required for snap-freezing tissues or rendering them into suspensions. T-cells, T-cell subsets (helper and suppressor), and HLA-DR-positive cells (B-lymphocytes, monocytic-histiocytic cells) can be identified in such imprints by the use of commercially obtained mouse hybridoma antibodies with a simple two-step immunoperoxidase method. Direct nuclear morphologic correlation with surface determinants is achieved by this method. Immunoreactivity is retained only eight to 10 days in such air-dried preparations, and attempts to prolong reactivity have been unsuccessful so far. PMID- 6220600 TI - A hospital-wide outbreak of septicemia due to a few strains of Staphylococcus aureus. AB - During a 6-month period at Walter Reed Army Hospital the monthly attack rate of Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia increased to 3.8 +/- 0.5 (mean +/- SEM) from 2.5 +/- 0.2 cases per 1,000 dispositions for the previous 48 months (P less than 0.05). A predominant phage pattern, designated S, was found in 12 (39%) of 31 bacteremic isolates typed and another strain, delta, was associated with four catheter-related infections. Two other strains also accounted for infections. Patients with isolates of the S phage pattern had a higher mortality (59%) than patients with non-S isolates (37%). Thirty-eight per cent of S. aureus carriers among hospital personnel harbored S or delta strains. Limitation of intravascular devices, strict handwashing, and the use of gloves were associated with a significant decrease in the incidence of S. aureus bacteremia to 1.9 +/- 0.5/1,000 dispositions over the next 6 months (P less than 0.05). S and delta strains were reduced to 20% of these isolates despite their persistence in 32% of staphylococcal carriers upon reculture of personnel. We conclude that S. aureus persists as an important pathogen in the hospitals, and that phage typing S. aureus isolates remains an important tool in hospital epidemiology. The presence of multiple S. aureus strains causing this outbreak and the extent of their dissemination among patients and personnel reported here emphasizes the need to reevaluate strategies of nosocomial staphylococcal control. PMID- 6220601 TI - Two cases of phosphofructokinase deficiency associated with congenital hemolytic anemia found in Japan. AB - Two kindreds of phosphofructokinase (PFK) deficiency associated with congenital nonspherocytic hemolytic anemia and mild myopathy were found in Japan. Both probands had jaundice, gallstones, and slight to moderate degree of exercise intolerance. They showed decreased level of red cell PFK activity and no increase of blood lactate in forearm ischemic exercise test. We studied these probands' red cell PFKs by partial purification and condensation. Muscle type isozyme of PFK in both cases was not demonstrable in starch gel electrophoresis and DEAE Sephadex chromatography. The clinical symptoms are considered to be due to a defect of muscle type isozyme. PMID- 6220603 TI - Prospective randomized double-blind comparison of moxalactam and tobramycin in treatment of urinary tract infections. AB - In a prospective, randomized, double-blind trial, a regimen of 250 mg of moxalactam every 12 hours was compared with 1.0 mg/kg of tobramycin every eight hours in the treatment of urinary tract infections. One hundred and eleven patients were entered into the study; results in 63 (18 men and 45 women) were evaluable for both efficacy and toxicity. Thirty evaluable patients received moxalactam, and 33 received tobramycin. The mean duration of therapy in each group was seven days. There were six treatment failures in the moxalactam group and 10 failures in the tobramycin group (p greater than 0.4). Nephrotoxicity, defined as an increase in serum creatinine levels to 0.5 mg/dl or more, did not occur in either group. Thirteen patients in the moxalactam group and one in the tobramycin group had enterococci isolated from a urine culture specimen during or after therapy. It is concluded that use of the moxalactam regimen is as effective and safe as use of the tobramycin regimen in the treatment of urinary tract infections. The clinical significance of the enterococcal isolates associated with moxalactam therapy is yet to be determined. PMID- 6220602 TI - Uses of available record systems in epidemiologic studies of reproductive toxicology. AB - The uses of available record systems in epidemiologic studies of reproductive toxicology are described with reference to New York State. The available record systems (and relevant reproductive end points) described include: a newborn screening program for metabolic diseases and hemoglobinopathies (relevant to point mutations); chromosome registries and prenatal cytogenetics (for chromosome anomalies); live birth certificates (for birth defects, birthweight, sex ratio, etc); fetal death certificates (for spontaneous fetal deaths); and a statewide cancer registry (for childhood cancers and transplacental carcinogenesis). The uses and limitations of these record systems are discussed, along with examples of their use in descriptive and analytic epidemiologic studies. Descriptive studies outlined include investigations of temporal and geographic trends in birth defects, birth weight, and fetal deaths, with reference to environmental questions (eg, Love Canal, nuclear power plants). Analytic studies described concern parental occupation in relation to specific birth defects (neural tube defects and Down syndrome) and maternal use of contraceptive drugs. PMID- 6220604 TI - Severe delayed inflammatory reactions from injected insulin. Association with cell-mediated immunity. AB - A diabetic patient had severe, delayed cutaneous reactions to insulin accompanied by fever, leukocytosis, and elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate. Replacement of isophane beef-pork insulin suspension with other commercially available lente beef-pork, single-component beef and pork insulin preparations brought about no improvement. Intradermal testing demonstrated biphasic reactions to a wide variety of insulin preparations except for two recently available purified single component (less than 1 ppm proinsulin) insulins. Immunologic studies showed increased incorporation of tritiated thymidine by the patient's peripheral blood lymphocytes after incubation with these insulin preparations that incited subcutaneous and intradermal reactions. Additionally, there was significant elaboration of the lymphokine, migration inhibitory factor, in response only to isophane beef-pork insulin. Control lymphocytes from a normal subject, from a patient with non-insulin-dependent diabetes, and from a patient with insulin dependent diabetes without delayed allergy demonstrated no response to insulin preparations. The data suggest these delayed reactions were associated with a cellular immune response to one or more contaminants in the less purified insulin preparations. PMID- 6220605 TI - Down syndrome--a disruption of homeostasis. AB - A major question in human genetics concerns the relationship between the extra chromosome material in the Down syndrome (DS) and its effects. It is suggested here that a generalized disruption of evolved genetic balance in cells of affected individuals leads to decreased developmental and physiological buffering against genetic and environmental forces. Examples of consequences in DS of this model of disruption of homeostasis are presented: i) increased variance for metric traits, ii) amplified instability of developmental pathways, iii) reduced precision of physiological homeostatic controls, and iv) generalized increased morbidity. Evolution has selected for interacting systems. When this evolved balance is disrupted, as in autosomal aneuploidy, the organism is generally disrupted. The model emphasizes the role of environment in producing much of the DS phenotype. Traits less buffered than others in the general population are the ones most disturbed in DS and account for much of the DS phenotype. PMID- 6220606 TI - Clinicopathologic conference: fever and abdominal pain in a young woman with the Down syndrome and Eisenmenger complex. PMID- 6220607 TI - Editorial comment on the CPC by Tripp et al: "Fever and abdominal pain in a young woman with the Down syndrome and Eisenmenger complex": Down syndrome and death of the mentally retarded. PMID- 6220608 TI - A boy with ring chromosome 15 derived from a t(15q;15q) Robertsonian translocation in the mother: cytogenetic and biochemical findings. AB - We describe a boy with a ring chromosome 15, showing the manifestations characteristic of this condition, ie, growth deficiency and unusual facial appearance with minor anomalies. The ring was derived from a t(15q;15q) chromosome of the mother, who had also had four spontaneous abortions. The respective karyotypes were 45,XX, -15,-15,+t(15q;15q) (mother) and 46,XY, 15,+r(15q;15q)mat (15q13 leads to cen leads to 15q26)(son). The ring chromosome lacked the short arms of the two translocated chromosomes 15 and was duplicated for a portion of the long arms near the centromere, probably cen leads to q13. Data from enzyme assays suggest that this duplicated region carries the alpha mannosidase gene. PMID- 6220609 TI - Taxonomy of family life styles: I. Homes with TMR children. AB - A battery of instruments dealing with family social environment and family and child characteristics and behavior was administered to 115 families with children in TMR classes. Cluster analysis was performed on the social environment variables. Five distinctive clusters of families, each with distinctive patterns of characteristics, were identified: cohesive, harmonious; control-oriented, somewhat unharmonious; low-disclosure, unharmonious; child-oriented, expressive; and disadvantaged, low morale. Comparisons among the clusters and ethnographic observations revealed significant differences in family characteristics and child adjustment at home and school. PMID- 6220610 TI - Binaural interaction in auditory brainstem responses of mentally retarded and nonretarded individuals. AB - The short-latency auditory brainstem responses of institutionalized mentally retarded individuals (Down syndrome and unknown etiology) and nonretarded control persons were recorded. The results showed that retarded individuals differed in the clarity of initial auditory brainstem response waves (I and II). Down syndrome individuals had significantly smaller auditory brainstem response amplitudes (Waves II and III) when compared with retarded individuals of unknown etiology. Down syndrome individuals also had significantly shorter latencies (Waves III and V) and shorter interwave conduction times (III-I and V-I) when compared with retarded individuals of unknown etiology. Retarded individuals did not differ from control subjects when amplitudes of binaural auditory brainstem responses were compared to the computer summation of such responses evoked by left and right ear stimulation; however, there was evidence for a general binaural interaction effect. PMID- 6220611 TI - Previous abdominal surgery as a risk factor in interval laparoscopic sterilization. AB - Previous abdominal surgery has been termed a relative contraindication for laparoscopic sterilization. This study quantifies the relative risks of surgical difficulties, immediate complications, and early follow-up complications/complaints of interval sterilization in women with versus women without previous abdominal surgery (PAS and NPAS groups, respectively). This multicenter study included women sterilized by electrocoagulation, the tubal ring, and the spring-loaded clip. Within each center the PAS and NPAS women were generally similar with respect to sociodemographic variables and preexisting medical conditions. Stratified analysis determined that the rate of surgical difficulties was significantly higher in PAS women (relative risk = 2.3, P less than 0.05), but most of these difficulties were overcome without resorting to another technique or approach. The rates of complications as well as the mean operation times and mean durations of hospitalization (indices of medical costs) did not differ significantly between the PAS and NPAS groups. PMID- 6220612 TI - Exogenously administered prostaglandins modulate pulmonary granulomas induced by Schistosoma mansoni eggs. AB - The inflammatory modulating activity of specific prostaglandins has been examined for both immune and foreign-body types of pulmonary granulomas. Lung granuloma formation generated in mice by embolization of Schistosoma mansoni eggs was markedly suppressed by treatment with the stable, functional analog of prostaglandin E, (PGE1), (15-(S)-15-methyl PGE1) while treatment with PGF2 alpha augmented the granulomatous response. Despite marked effects on egg-induced granuloma formation, PGs had no significant effect on the foreign body lesion induced by Sephadex beads. Likewise, PGs had no effect on the primary antibody response to schistosome egg antigens. However, notable derangements in splenic lymphoid populations occurred. While T-cell numbers appeared constant in face of PG treatment, B-cell populations were depressed by methyl-PGE1 and augmented by PGF2 alpha. Further analysis revealed that methyl-PGE1 appeared to suppress both the induction and elicitation phases of the cell-mediated response to schistosome eggs. Cyclophosphamide treatment could partially reverse this suppression, but the induction of suppressor cell activity was not solely responsible for this effect. The possible role and mechanism of PGs as modulators of chronic inflammation is discussed. PMID- 6220613 TI - Decreased myocardial function and myosin ATPase in hearts from diabetic rats. AB - The effect of diabetes on cardiac function was determined in isolated rat hearts. Diabetes was induced by injection of alloxan (doses ranged from 37.5 to 60 mg/kg body wt), and the heart were removed and perfused in the working heart preparation. Doses of alloxan ranging from 37.5 to 42 mg/kg did not consistently alter cardiac function even though serum glucose was elevated and serum thyroid hormones were reduced. Injection of 45 mg/kg of alloxan caused a large increase in serum glucose and a larger decrease in thyroid hormones. In this case, ventricular function was more consistently depressed after 1-2 wk. Function was not altered 48 h after injection of 60 mg kg of alloxan. However, when animals were given 60 mg/kg of alloxan and then maintained on insulin for 7 days, depressed cardiac function developed within 4 days after the insulin treatment was stopped. The decline in function involved a decrease in heart rate peak systolic pressure, and left ventricular +dP/dt. It was associated with greatly reduced serum thyroid hormones (both T3 and T4) and lower ventricular Ca2+ activated myosin ATPase activity. Fasting of rats for 4 days also resulted in decreased serum T3 and T4, depressed cardiac function (although heart rate was unchanged), and lower Ca2+-activated myosin ATPase activity. PMID- 6220614 TI - Cardiac function and myosin ATPase in diabetic rats treated with insulin, T3, and T4. AB - The effects of insulin, T4, and T3 treatment on cardiac function, myosin ATPase activity, and myosin isozyme distribution were studied in alloxan diabetic rats. Diabetes resulted in depressed peak ventricular pressure development, heart rate, and left ventricular +dP/dt. Myocardial Ca2+-activated myosin ATPase activity was reduced in association with lower serum levels of T3 and T4. The V1 isozyme of myosin decreased, and both V2 and V3 isozymes increased. Insulin treatment totally reversed the changes in function, serum thyroid hormones, and myosin ATPase activity. Treatment of diabetic animals with T4 (5 or 10 micrograms/day) prevented the decrease in myosin ATPase but did not prevent the changes in cardiac function, myosin isozymes, or serum T3 levels. Pharmacological doses of T3 (3 micrograms/day) that were adequate to maintain higher than normal serum T3 corrected the decrease in Ca2+-activated myosin ATPase and heart rate but only partially corrected the changes in pressure development and myosin isozyme distribution. Only when serum T3 was increased to four times normal was cardiac function corrected. PMID- 6220615 TI - Histochemical, enzymatic, and contractile proper of skeletal muscles of three anuran amphibians. PMID- 6220618 TI - Regional hepatic chemotherapy using an implantable drug infusion pump. AB - Regional infusion of chemotherapeutic agents in the treatment of liver cancer can greatly increase tumor exposure to certain drugs. Exposure is 100 times greater with floxuridine, 6 times greater with mitomycin C, and 6 times greater with BCNU. The Model 400 Infusaid implantable, refillable drug infusion pump overcomes much of the discomfort and inconvenience associated with previously employed extracorporeal systems. Our experience with our first 50 patients has been presented herein. Forty-one patients had metastatic colorectal cancer, 3 primary cancers, and 6 other metastatic cancers. Eleven pumps and 11 catheters were implanted at laparotomy. Thirty-nine patients had their pumps integrated to angiographically placed catheters. In over 260 patient months there were no pump malfunctions and only one infection. There were no vascular complications in the patients with angiographically placed catheters. Chemotherapeutic programs included floxuridine, floxuridine and radiotherapy, or floxuridine with mitomycin C and BCNU. In 18 patients with evaluable metastatic colorectal cancer who received hepatic arterial combination chemotherapy, there were therapeutic responses in 13 and disease stabilization in 4. The pumps were well tolerated by patients. They offer a reasonable approach to long-term ambulatory regional hepatic chemotherapy. PMID- 6220617 TI - The giant kidney worm (Dioctophyma renale) infection in man in Australia. AB - A 47-year-old, previously healthy farmer from Grafton, N.S.W. in Australia, developed loin pain and hematuria 2 months after minor trauma to his loin. A renal cyst was found by ultrasound and arteriography. At operation, a thick walled cyst containing 800 ml of clotted blood was excised together with a small wedge of kidney. Ring-like structures measuring 70 X 45 mu were found in the fibrous cyst wall and in the surrounding fat. These birefringent double-walled "rings" with equally spaced radial striations were identified as the eggs of Dioctophyma renale. PMID- 6220616 TI - Peptic ulceration with marked epithelial atypia following hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy. A lesion initially misinterpreted as carcinoma. AB - Peptic ulceration is a known complication of hepatic arterial chemotherapy for metastatic disease. We report a case of peptic ulceration associated with marked epithelial atypia initially interpreted as carcinoma, probably metastatic in nature. Subsequent partial gastric resection proved the lesion benign. Examination of other gastric biopsies from ulcerated and nonulcerated mucosa from similarly treated patients has revealed similar marked atypical changes. The etiology of the epithelial atypia and ulceration remains unanswered, but is probably related to locally enhanced chemotherapeutic cytotoxicity or ischemia. Care should be taken not to interpret the marked epithelial atypia as carcinoma in this clinical setting. PMID- 6220619 TI - Studies on the gonadotropin secretion during sleep in patients with abnormal sexual development--the role of the CNS in the onset of puberty. AB - In order to evaluate the secretory patterns of luteinizing and follicle stimulating hormones in various forms of abnormal sexual development, plasma levels of these hormones were measured every 20-30 minutes during sleep in 9 patients with true precocious puberty and 2 patients with primary hypogonadism. Seven patients with idiopathic precocious puberty and 2 patients with organic CNS lesion-related precocious puberty exhibited fluctuating plasma concentrations of these hormones that resembled findings in normal pubertal subjects who had significantly increased concentrations of plasma luteinizing hormone during sleep. Two patients with primary hypogonadism also showed episodic fluctuation of both hormones and augmented luteinizing hormone concentrations during sleep. These results suggest that the pubertal sleep-related gonadotropin secretion is dependent on the sleep-entrained CNS mechanism, and that the central nervous system plays an important role in sexual maturation. PMID- 6220620 TI - Prevention possibility for brain dysfunction in rat with the fetal alcohol syndrome--low-zinc-status and hypoglycemia. AB - As a treatable cause of CNS dysfunctions in the fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS), low zinc-status in addition to hypoglycemia has been investigated in experimental rat models. During the premating period female rats of an ethanol group and a control group received 30% ethanol (E) and water (W), respectively. During pregnancy, some of both groups received zinc or nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide (NAD) or nicotinamide throughout pregnancy and glucose for gestational day (gd) 15 to 19 with E or W. Independent of maternal blood glucose levels, maternal insulin levels were lower on gd 15 and 18 in the ethanol group than in the control one. A decrease in the activity of carbonic anhydrase in the hippocampal area on postnatal day (pd) 1 was observed in the ethanol group. Administration of zinc with E resulted in a better effect on fetal total body weight and on preventing resorption, mean fetal body weight and protein content in the cerebrum than administration of E alone. Administration of glucose only in the late gestational period resulted in a better effect on fetal cerebral weight than administration of E alone, with a decrease in the litter size. Administration of zinc with E during pregnancy resulted in higher maternal serum zinc levels, without an increase in fetal cerebral zinc content, than administration without zinc with E. There was a positive correlation between fetal body ethanol levels and maternal blood ethanol levels, and a negative correlation between fetal body ethanol levels and fetal total body weight. The beneficial effect of supplementary zinc on fetal growth may possibly help preventing the CNS dysfunctions of FAS, but it is important that the effect was not good compared to the control without E. PMID- 6220621 TI - On the origin and development of the ventrolateral abdominal muscles in the avian embryo. An experimental and ultrastructural study. AB - In avian embryos the formation of ventrolateral abdominal muscles was studied by (1) heterospecific grafting experiments between chick and quail embryos and (2) ultrastructural examinations of cells having part in this process. The results demonstrate that the muscle cells are of somitic origin while the connective tissue derives from the somatopleure. Somatopleural cells do not differentiate into myocytes, and somite cells which have entered the ventrolateral abdominal wall, do not contribute to the connective tissue. It is concluded that both dermatome and myotome cells undergo muscular differentiation. The formation of muscles is found to take place in four characteristic steps. During the 4th day of development, epithelially structured ventral somite buds enter the somatopleure. The light cells of the inner myotome layer are elongated in a cranio-caudal direction and contain randomly distributed microfilaments. On the 5th day, the buds lose their epithelial arrangement and change into compact processes in which cells intermingle. The myotome cells show short bundles of thin and thick microfilaments. The third step can be characterized by the appearance of intercellular spaces and the disaggregation of processes becoming invaded by somatopleural cells. Thus, subdivision in single muscle blastemata begins to occur. In 7-day embryos, the muscle anlagen are distinctly separated and the first myotubes containing regularly arranged myofibrils are found. Coincidentally, signs of cell death are observed. Up to the 10th day, the tendons being of somatopleural origin become plainly outlined and the muscle anlagen move to their definitive positions. It is assumed that the formation of muscle pattern is controlled by the somatopleure. PMID- 6220622 TI - Initial experiments with cyproterone acetate and 1-amino-3-chloro-2-propanol hydrochloride in the male Virginia opossum (Didelphis virginiana). AB - Cyproterone acetate (CA) was toxic for Didelphis virginiana at a dose range of 22 28 mg/kg IM. A loss of spermatozoal pairing int the cauda epididymidis did not occur until 2 wk after testicular degeneration caused by CA. The isomers of 1 amino-3-chloro-2-propanol hydrochloride (CL 88,236 and CL 88,237) were well tolerated by the opossum at doses up to 30 mg/kg IM. After 8 days of CL 88,236 and CL 88,237 treatment there was no effect on spermatozoal pairing in the cauda epididymidis or on the seminiferous epithelium. PMID- 6220623 TI - The clinical pharmacology of BW A444U. A nondepolarizing ester relaxant of intermediate duration. PMID- 6220624 TI - Pancuronium, unlike other nondepolarizing relaxants, retains potency at hypothermia. AB - The authors studied the pharmacodynamics of four nondepolarising relaxants, d tubocurarine (dTC), pancuronium, metocurine, and gallamine, at 25 degrees C, 31 degrees C, and 37 degrees C. The rat phrenic nerve-hemidiaphragm preparation with vascular perfusion was used for these investigations. For each drug at each temperature, a dose-response curve for twitch depression was constructed. ED50 values were calculated using probit-log dose regression. dTC, metocurine, and gallamine each demonstrated a near twofold increase in ED50 at 25 degrees C compared with 37 degrees C. No such relationship was apparent with pancuronium. In addition, the slopes of the dose-response curves were analyzed for effects due to temperature or drug. Slopes were not influenced by temperature; however, the slopes for metocurine and dTC were lower than those for pancuronium and gallamine. The authors conclude that in the rat, pancuronium retains potency at hypothermia, whereas the other relaxants decrease potency. In addition, metocurine and dTC exhibit less steep dose-response curves under these experimental conditions. PMID- 6220625 TI - Biphasic depression of ventilatory responses to CO2 following epidural morphine. PMID- 6220626 TI - Canine hip dysplasia: differences in pectineal muscles of healthy and dysplastic German Shepherd dogs when two months old. PMID- 6220627 TI - Effect of the estrogenic mycotoxin zearalenone on reproductive potential in the boar. PMID- 6220628 TI - Parasitic pulmonary disease: human bronchial syngamosis. PMID- 6220629 TI - Occupational lung disease and compensation. PMID- 6220630 TI - Human brain distribution of neurotensin in normals, schizophrenics, and Huntington's choreics. PMID- 6220631 TI - Biological significance of heparan sulfate proteoglycans. PMID- 6220632 TI - H+-ATPases in biological systems: an overview of their function, structure, mechanism, and regulatory properties. PMID- 6220633 TI - Transport ATPases. PMID- 6220634 TI - H+-ATPase and catecholamine transport in chromaffin granules. PMID- 6220635 TI - Interaction of mitochondrial ATPase with its inhibitor protein. PMID- 6220636 TI - ATP synthesis at low proton-motive forces. PMID- 6220637 TI - The three-dimensional structure of F1-ATPases. PMID- 6220638 TI - Plasma membrane Ca2+-pumping ATPases. PMID- 6220639 TI - The calcium-transporting ATPase of erythrocytes. PMID- 6220640 TI - The function and regulation of the calcium pump in the erythrocyte membrane. PMID- 6220641 TI - The calcium-pumping ATPase of heart sarcolemma. PMID- 6220642 TI - The ATP-dependent Ca2+-pumping system of Streptococcus faecium. PMID- 6220643 TI - Round table discussion on plasma membrane Ca2+-ATPases: introductory comments. PMID- 6220644 TI - The liver plasma membrane Ca-ATPase. PMID- 6220645 TI - ATP-dependent Ca2+ uptake in isolated hepatic plasma membrane vesicles. PMID- 6220646 TI - Partial purification and properties of membrane-bound ATPase in Agrobacterium tumefaciens. PMID- 6220647 TI - The inhibition of Ca2+-ATPases of human erythrocyte membranes by covalent binding of ATP derivatives. PMID- 6220648 TI - Relative roles of sodium/calcium exchange and ATP-fueled calcium transport in the control of cell calcium. PMID- 6220649 TI - Energy coupling in sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ transport: an overview. PMID- 6220650 TI - Studies of Ca2+ release from sarcoplasmic reticulum. AB - Our studies of Ca2+ release have shown that three classes of compounds- quercetin, which inhibits Ca2+ release by reversal of the Ca2+ pump, H+ ionophores and DCCD, which affect proton gradients, and lipophilic anions, which act to oppose a separation of membrane surface charges--all have potential in probing the mechanism of Ca2+ release from sarcoplasmic reticulum. PMID- 6220651 TI - Static and time-resolved structural studies of the Ca2+-ATPase of isolated sarcoplasmic reticulum. AB - X-ray and neutron diffraction studies of oriented multilayers of isolated light sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) have provided the separate profile structures of the lipid bilayer and the Ca2+-ATPase molecule within the membrane profile to approximately 10 A resolution. These studies utilized biosynthetically deuterated SR phospholipids incorporated isomorphously into the isolated SR membranes via exchange proteins. Time-resolved x-ray diffraction studies of these oriented SR membrane multilayers have indicated that significant changes occur in the membrane profile structure within a single turnover of the Ca2+-transport cycle. These studies utilized the flash photolysis of caged ATP to effectively synchronize the ensemble of Ca2+-ATPase molecules in the multilayer, synchrotron x-radiation to provide 100- to 500-millisecond data collection times, and double beam spectrophotometry to monitor Ca2+ transport in the oriented SR membrane multilayer. PMID- 6220652 TI - Mechanism of ATP synthesis by sarcoplasmic reticulum ATPase. PMID- 6220653 TI - Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent phospholamban kinase from cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum is distinct from phosphorylase kinase and forms a regulatory complex with phospholamban and the Ca2+-ATPase. AB - We recently reported that phospholamban, the activator of the cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium pump, is phosphorylated by both cAMP-dependent protein kinase and a membrane-bound, Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent phospholamban kinase. Phospholamban kinase and glycogen phosphorylase b kinase share the same substrate specificity. They differ however in that phospholamban kinase exhibits an absolute requirement for exogenous calmodulin. In line with the latter observation, phospholamban kinase is shown in this report to be inhibited by fluphenazine. Lower concentrations of the drug induced an activation of the kinase, presumably by hydrophobic interaction with either membrane phospholipids or integral proteins. Also, phospholamban kinase was found to be totally insensitive to antibodies elicited against phosphorylase kinase. Since antipsychotic drugs fail to inhibit the delta-subunit-dependent activity of phosphorylase kinase, the above findings confirm that the two kinases are distinct molecular entities. After detergent solubilization of the sarcoplasmic reticulum, the phospholamban-ATPase complex remains a substrate for phospholamban kinase activity, which retains the ability to catalyze the phosphorylation of exogenous phosphorylase b. However, the Ca2+ dependence is entirely lost upon solubilization and no kinase activity is retained on calmodulin-Sepharose in the presence of Ca2+ ions. Phospholamban and phosphorylase kinase activities copurify with the pump-phospholamban complex upon fractionation of the solubilized proteins by density gradient ultracentrifugation, suggesting a tight interaction between the ATPase, its activator, and the phospholamban kinase. A tentative schematic representation of this supramolecular assembly is based upon the results described in this and preceding papers. PMID- 6220655 TI - Lipid-protein interactions and calcium transport in sarcoplasmic reticulum. PMID- 6220654 TI - The concept of boundary lipid as it pertains to the calcium-pump protein of sarcoplasmic reticulum. PMID- 6220656 TI - Protein-protein interactions in the sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium pump. PMID- 6220657 TI - Correlation of intrinsic fluorescence and oxygen-exchange measurements of phosphorylation of sarcoplasmic reticulum ATPase from inorganic phosphate. PMID- 6220658 TI - ATP-induced conformational transitions of the Ca2+-ATPase of sarcoplasmic reticulum. PMID- 6220659 TI - Reversal of the reaction cycle of solubilized monomeric Ca2+-ATPase. PMID- 6220660 TI - Ca2+ release from soluble and membrane-associated sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase. PMID- 6220661 TI - Evidence for regulation of fast skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic reticular Ca2+ transport ATPase by phosphorylation and dephosphorylation. PMID- 6220662 TI - Mechanism of ATP-induced Ca release from sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles. PMID- 6220663 TI - Regulation of proton flux through the H+-ATPase of chloroplasts. PMID- 6220664 TI - The H+-ATPase of the yeast plasma membrane. PMID- 6220665 TI - The lower abdominal transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous flap for breast reconstruction. PMID- 6220666 TI - The classification of dopamine receptors: relationship to radioligand binding. PMID- 6220667 TI - Measurement of red cell enzymes in newborn infants. PMID- 6220669 TI - T-cell subsets in polymyositis. PMID- 6220668 TI - Immunoregulatory T-cells and lymphocytotoxic antibodies in active multiple sclerosis: weekly analysis over a six-month period. AB - Immunoregulatory T-cell subsets were measured at weekly intervals over a 4 to 6 month period using monoclonal antibodies (anti-T4 = inducer cell; anti-T8 = suppressor/cytotoxic cell) in a group of 6 patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and in 4 age- and sex-matched controls. Decreases in the T8 subset and increases in the T4:T8 ratio were present in 4 of the patients with MS but not in controls. Two patients who were neurologically stable during the study period had no changes in the T4:T8 ratio; 2 patients with intermediate disease activity of the relapsing-remitting type had elevated ratios on 3 and 4 occasions respectively; the patient with the most clinically active MS had an abnormal ratio 12 of 27 times. One patient with chronic-progressive MS had an elevated ratio on each occasion tested. No abnormalities in T-cell subsets were present in any of the controls. On three occasions an elevated T4:T8 ratio appeared to precede an acute relapse by 1.5 to 7 days. Lymphocytotoxic antibodies (LCA) against whole lymphocytes or against isolated T-cell subsets were measured in these patients and in a larger group of MS patients, and were not found to correlate with changes in T-cell subsets. This report extends previous findings linking changes in T-cell subsets to disease activity in patients with MS. PMID- 6220670 TI - Contributions of research in the future directions for the care of the disabled. PMID- 6220671 TI - Tentative interpretive standards for disk diffusion susceptibility testing with norfloxacin (MK-0366, AM-715). AB - Norfloxacin is a new orally absorbed quinoline derivative structurally related to nalidixic acid but showing an expanded antibacterial spectrum which includes Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus faecalis, and staphylococci, among other susceptible bacterial species. The application of the regression line and error rate-bounded methods of analysis to the minimal inhibitory concentration and zone size data collected on 413 clinical isolates favored the selection of a 10-micrograms disk content and the adoption of the following interpretive zone size breakpoints for antimicrobial susceptibility testing with norfloxacin: greater than or equal to 17 mm for susceptible, 13 to 16 mm for intermediate, and less than or equal to 12 mm for resistant categories. It is proposed that isolates with minimal inhibitory concentrations of less than or equal to 16 and greater than or equal to 32 micrograms/ml be considered susceptible and resistant to norfloxacin, respectively. Differences in the antibiotic disk contents and in vitro antibacterial spectra and pharmacokinetic properties, together with the much lower rates of cross-resistance reported between norfloxacin and related drugs, strongly argue against the use of the "class disk" concept in this instance and suggest that the 10-micrograms norfloxacin susceptibility disk should be tested separately. PMID- 6220672 TI - Norfloxacin disposition after sequentially increasing oral doses. AB - Single doses of norfloxacin (200, 400, 800, 1,200, and 1,600 mg) or placebo were administered orally at weekly intervals to 14 healthy male volunteers in a double blind study. Norfloxacin was measured in serum and urine by high-pressure liquid chromatography with UV detection. The concentrations of this drug in serum peaked 1 to 2 h after each dose; the mean peak values for increasing doses were 0.75, 1.58, 2.41, 3.15, and 3.87 micrograms/ml. Mean area under the serum concentration time curves for the first 12 h after each dose were 3.56, 6.26, 11.4, 16.1, and 19.7 micrograms . h/ml, respectively. The elimination half-life of norfloxacin was about 7 h and was similar for all doses. The concentrations of the drug in urine also peaked 1 to 2 h after dosage; mean peak values for increasing doses were 200, 478, 697, 992, and 1,045 micrograms/ml. Renal clearances approximated 285 ml/min. About 30% of each dose was excreted into urine as unmetabolized norfloxacin. Crystals of the drug were occasionally observed during microscopic examination of freshly voided urine collected after the 1,200- and 1,600-mg doses. Crystalluria was not encountered at lower doses. PMID- 6220673 TI - Moxalactam therapy of bacterial meningitis in adults. AB - The therapeutic efficacy and attainable cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentrations of moxalactam, administered by intravenous drip in a dose of 2 g every 4 to 8 h, were evaluated in seven adult patients with bacterial meningitis. Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Acinetobacter calcoaceticus var. anitratus, each caused infection in four patients, whereas Escherichia coli was the cause of infection in the other three patients. The mean moxalactam concentration in CSF was 14.7 mug/ml (range, 4.7 to 38 mug/ml) in the lumbar samples and 12.1 mug/ml (range, 4.4 to 27 mug/ml) in the ventricular samples. Depending on the time after antibiotic administration, the ratio of CSF to serum concentrations varied from 6.6 to 160%. Satisfactory improvement and negative CSF cultures were initially noted in all seven patients. Six patients were ultimately cured, and the death of the patient with Pseudomonas meningitis could not be clearly attributed to uncontrolled infection. PMID- 6220674 TI - Reconstruction of steady state in cell-free systems. Interactions between glycolysis and mitochondrial metabolism: regulation of the redox and phosphorylation states. AB - A reconstituted "open" system comprising respiring mitochondria and actively glycolyzing muscle extract was devised for studies of vectorially mediated interactions. Glycogen particles were the substrate for the glycolyzing enzymes. Purified soluble (F1) ATPase was added in varying quantities to establish a range of energetic steady states. The data generally confirm our recent conclusions (Wu and Davis, (1981) Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 208, 85-89) on the relative efficacy of the adenine nucleotides and their ratios, and of inorganic phosphate on flux through rate-controlling steps of glycolysis. When mitochondrial ATP synthesis was blocked, glycolytic flux was relatively rapid, and the lactate/pyruvate ratio increased with time to values up to greater than 300. If functional mitochondria were present, glycolytic flux was very strongly suppressed, provided the energy state (ATP/ADP) was high, and the phosphate concentration[Pi] was low. Adenine nucleotide control of glycolysis was to a large extent lost when the steady-state ATP/ADP was below about 10, or if [Pi] was elevated. In the two-phase system containing respiring mitochondria and components of the malate-aspartate shuttle, the ATP/ADP and both extra- and intramitochondrial NAD+/NADH ratios were maintained constant, and to various perturbable levels with varying energy load (ATPase). The gradient in reduction potentials attained values (delta Gredox) of up to about 2.5 kcal. The extramitochondrial redox state was not positively correlated with the external phosphorylation potential ([ATP]/[ADP] X [Pi]). The following conclusions are drawn on the basis of the present data, together with other reports (Davis, Bremer, and Akerman (1980) J. Biol. Chem. 255, 2277-2283) and (Klingenberg and Rottenberg (1977) Eur. J. Biochem. 73, 125-130): (a) the gradient in reduction potential is driven by the membrane potential (delta psi), mediated by the electrogenic glutamate-aspartate exchange, and the poise or set point of this gradient is a function of delta psi; and (b) the gradient of ATP/ADP ratios across the membrane is also driven principally by delta psi, mediated by the electrogenic ATP-ADP exchange. Hence, segregation of phosphorylation and reduction potentials is linked through a mutually shared electrical driving force. PMID- 6220675 TI - The diet and acne. PMID- 6220676 TI - Hirsutism. PMID- 6220678 TI - Sensitivity to the weed killer DNA-nitralin and cross-sensitivity to dinitrochlorobenzene. AB - A man, with a dermatitis acquired while working in a factory producing a weed killer, showed sensitivity to 4-methylsulfonyl 2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropylaniline (DNA-nitralin) and its precursor, 4-chloro 3,-5-dinitrophenylmethyl sulfone (DNC), and cross-sensitivity to dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB). Sensitization capacities of DNA-nitralin and DNC compared with DNCB, and cross-sensitizations among 11 dinitrobenzene derivatives, including DNA-nitralin, DNC, and DNCB, were studied in guinea pigs. We found that the order of potency was DNCB, DNC, and DNA nitralin for the sensitization capacity, and that cross-sensitizations may occur among DNCB, DNC, DNA-nitralin, and dinitrofluorobenzene, in comparatively high incidence. PMID- 6220677 TI - Pre-Sezary erythroderma evolving to Sezary syndrome. A report of seven cases. AB - Seven patients with pre-Sezary erythroderma were followed up for three to 16 years as Sezary erythroderma syndrome developed. With the transition, the clinical and skin manifestations of the disease became chronic, more florid, and more resistant to therapy. Four patients had multiple contact allergies or drug reactions, and one patient had severe atopic dermatitis. Lymphoma developed in one patient, and multiple myeloma developed in a second patient. An increased absolute number of Sezary cells to more than 1,000/cu mm occurred in all patients with Sezary syndrome. Histologic study showed chronic dermatitis in most patients with the pre-Sezary condition and subepidermal lymphocytic band inflammation in most patients with the Sezary syndrome. PMID- 6220679 TI - Abnormalities of T-cell subsets in Behcet's syndrome. AB - T cells and T-cell subsets were determined in the peripheral blood of 12 patients with Behcet's syndrome and 30 normal healthy control subjects. When compared with the control group, the mean percentage of T cells for the group with Behcet's syndrome was significantly decreased (73% v 61%). The mean percentage of T mu (helper) cells for the group with Behcet's syndrome (26%) was also significantly decreased from the mean value of the control group (42%). There was a concomitant significant increase of T gamma (suppressor) cells of the group with Behcet's syndrome (19%) over the mean value of the control group (10%). These results clearly indicated that there were alterations of T cells and T-cell subsets in this disease. PMID- 6220680 TI - Myocardial blood flow and oxygen consumption in the empty-beating, fibrillating, and potassium-arrested hypertrophied canine heart. AB - Myocardial oxygen consumption and blood flow distribution were examined in severely hypertrophied canine hearts in the empty-beating, fibrillating, and pharmacologically arrested states. Hypertrophy was produced using a subcoronary valvular aortic stenosis model that mimics the clinical situation of aortic valvular stenosis. Oxygen content of the total coronary sinus collection was compared with a large volume arterial sample using a Lex-O2-Con-TL analyzer, which had been validated by the Van Slyke-Neill method. Transmural blood flow was measured in each state using microspheres, and perfusion pressure was maintained at 80 mm Hg. Oxygen consumption in the empty-beating hypertrophied heart was found to be the same as that previously reported for normal hearts. Blood flow was evenly distributed in the empty-beating heart, with an endocardial/epicardial ratio of 0.99 +/- 0.15 (SEM) milliliters per minute per gram of left ventricular weight. Oxygen consumption failed to increase significantly with fibrillation; however, blood flow distribution favored the subepicardium, suggesting that oxygen consumption determinations in the fibrillating hypertrophied heart may not accurately reflect metabolic demand. Basal oxygen consumption of the hypertrophied heart as determined by the potassium-arrested, blood-perfused model was the same as that previously described for normal hearts. Blood flow during potassium arrest favored the subendocardium (endocardial/epicardial ratio = 1.14 +/- 0.27 ml/min/gm LV weight). PMID- 6220681 TI - Effects of bretylium and guanethidine on 3H-noradrenaline and 3H-serotonin release in rat brain cortex slices. AB - Rat brain cortex slices preincubated with 3H-noradrenaline or 3H-serotonin were superfused, and the effects of bretylium and guanethidine on the electrically evoked 3H overflow were studied. Bretylium inhibited the evoked tritium overflow both from slices labelled with 3H-noradrenaline and from those labelled with 3H serotonin (by 49 and 74%, respectively, at 10(-4)M bretylium); the inhibitory effect on slices preincubated with 3H-serotonin was only slightly attenuated by paroxetine, an inhibitor of the neuronal serotonin uptake. Guanethidine inhibited (and at 10(-5)M even abolished) the evoked 3H overflow from slices labelled with 3H-noradrenaline, but it did not impair the tritium overflow from slices preloaded with 3H-serotonin. It is concluded that bretylium inhibits not only noradrenaline release, but also produces an even more pronounced inhibition of serotonin release. By contrast, guanethidine preferentially blocks noradrenergic neurones and hence, may be used as a pharmacological tool for studying the involvement of noradrenergic neurones in functions of the central nervous system. PMID- 6220683 TI - Unusual echocardiographic findings in primary pulmonary hypertension. AB - A patient with primary pulmonary hypertension showed unusual echocardiographic findings. These included echoes arising from an intracavitary right ventricular muscle band mimicking a divided interventricular septum. The hemodynamic study excluded subvalvular right ventricular obstruction. Severe right ventricular hypertrophy was also present. Both findings were probably related and may possibly be found in similar cases with severe right ventricular hypertrophy, especially due to primary pulmonary hypertension. The right ventricular muscle band possibly represented hypertrophied moderator band. PMID- 6220682 TI - Osteomyelitis beneath pressure sores. AB - Twenty-eight pressure sores were evaluated prospectively. Osteomyelitis was reported histologically in nine of 28 bones and pressure-related changes were reported in 14 bones. Roentgenograms suggested the presence of osteomyelitis in four instances of histologically proved osteomyelitis. Technetium Tc 99m medronate bone scans were highly sensitive, showing increased uptake in all cases of osteomyelitis; however, increased uptake also occurred commonly in uninfected bones due to pressure-related changes or other noninfectious causes. Cultures of bone biopsy samples usually disclosed anaerobic bacteria, gram-negative bacilli, or both. The diagnosis of osteomyelitis must be considered if a pressure sore does not respond to local therapy. If the technetium Tc 99m medronate uptake is increased in the involved area, or roentgenographic findings are abnormal, the diagnosis can only be made with certainty by histologic examination of bone. Antibacterial treatment should be selected based on the results of bone culture. PMID- 6220684 TI - Immunocomplex nephritis and myopathy in a patient who works with vinyl chloride. PMID- 6220685 TI - [Electrocardiographic criteria of left ventricular hypertrophy in case of complete left bundle-branch block]. PMID- 6220686 TI - [Effect of medroxyprogesterone acetate (MAP) in high doses on chlorambucil induced bone marrow depression. Preliminary results]. AB - On the basis of previous observations indicating that Medroxyprogesterone Acetate (MAP) administered in high doses induces leukocytosis and an increase in the platelet count, the Authors have studied the effect of high-dose MAP on leukocytes and platelets when it was combined with Chlorambucil (CLB) in patients suffering from ovarian cancer in various stages. 28 patients treated with high dose MAP and CLB showed a statistically significant lower mean reduction of WBC count and reduction of the incidence, entity, and duration of the leukopenia as compared to 29 patients treated only with CLB. These effects were particularly evident when MAP was administered intramuscularly. It was not possible to evaluate the effect of high-dose MAP on the platelet count because the CLB regimen did not induce a significant decrease in it. These preliminary results are interesting because they suggest the possibility that high-dose MAP, which has already been utilized in oncology for its antitumor, analgesic, and anabolic activity in the treatment of breast, endometrial, renal, and prostatic cancer, might be able to be employed to reduce the myelotoxic effects of chemotherapy. PMID- 6220687 TI - Balloon catheter dilation for limb salvage. AB - Balloon catheter dilation was attempted as the initial treatment for limb salvage in 83 patients, of whom 38 had rest pain only, 32 had ischemic ulcers, and 13 had gangrene. One month 87 (78%) of these dilations showed an increase in flow, 14 (13%) had no change, and ten (9%) had thrombosis at the site of dilation. After six months, 23 of 49 dilations showed evidence of restenosis, though 27 maintained flow greater than predilation levels. Only six of 19 lesions in 14 patients who had no surgery maintained improved flow after one year. Overall limb salvage for patients with successful dilation was 71% (51 of 72 patients), and the rate of limb salvage after dilation alone was 34%. Transluminal dilation appears to be a useful method of treatment for patients with limb-threatening ischemia and should be considered complementary to other methods. The tendency for recurrence of stenosis mandates careful, frequent follow-up. PMID- 6220688 TI - Features of circulation of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) virus among small mammals in the European U.S.S.R. AB - The use of indirect fluorescent antibody testing (IFAT) and enzyme linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA) procedures allowed the hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) virus antigen to be detected not only in the known reservoir host, Clethrionomys glareolus, but also in 7 other species of small mammals in European foci of the U.S.S.R. Marked viscerotropism of HFRS virus and the participation of brown fat in maintaining the infection in rodents were demonstrated. The frequency of detection of circulating antigen and antibody to HFRS virus in rodents is indicative of the high level of activity of the virus in its epizootic foci. PMID- 6220689 TI - [Mechanical recanalization of the coronary artery in patients with acute myocardial infarction]. PMID- 6220691 TI - Conversion of fensulfothion by Klebsiella pneumoniae to fensulfothion sulfide and its accumulation. AB - In a detailed study it was shown that washed cell suspensions of K. pneumoniae reduced the organophosphorus pesticide fensulfothion to fensulfothion sulfide. Temperature and pH optima for this conversion plus sensitivity to sulfhydryl reacting agents strongly suggested enzyme involvement. The reaction was also quite sensitive to molecular oxygen, only proceeding under conditions of low oxygen tension. Once formed, the fensulfothion sulfide was rapidly bound by living and heat-killed cells. A combination of lysozyme treatment and differential centrifugation showed 90% of the sulfide to be concentrated in the cell membrane fraction of exposed cells. PMID- 6220690 TI - Behavior of endothelial cells cultured on Silastic and Dacron velour under flow conditions in vitro: implications for prelining vascular grafts with cells. AB - Tissue-cultured bovine aortic endothelial cells were subjected to flow in an in vitro circulatory loop designed to simulate the flow and pressure conditions in the aorta. The cells were cultured under stationary conditions on tubes of fibronectin-coated Silastic or of Dacron velour. The tubes were then added to the flow loop, which circulated complete tissue culture medium in a pulsatile mode. Light microscopy and cell counts showed that the cells not only remained adherent for up to 2 weeks under flow conditions, but also underwent hypertrophy and proliferation in response to the flow regimen. PMID- 6220692 TI - Doctors, injury and compensation: some elementary considerations. PMID- 6220693 TI - Zimelidine in chronic suicidal behaviour. PMID- 6220694 TI - Replication and mutagenesis of irradiated single-strand phage DNA. PMID- 6220695 TI - Infidelity of DNA replication as a basis of mutagenesis. PMID- 6220696 TI - Amino acid composition of a new mitochondrially translated proteolipid isolated from yeast mitochondria and from the OSATPase complex. PMID- 6220697 TI - Activation of calcium and phospholipid-dependent protein kinase by epidermal growth factor (EGF) in A431 cells: attenuation by 12-0-tetradecanoylphorbol-13 acetate (TPA). PMID- 6220698 TI - Escherichia coli dnaJ- and dnaK-gene products: synthesis in minicells and membrane-affinity. AB - Escherichia coli dnaJ- and dnaK-gene products have been identified in a system of minicells infected with the appropriate transducing lambda phages. The molecular weights of these polypeptides in dodecyl sulphate/acrylamide electrophoresis amounted to 39,000 and 77,000, respectively. Equilibrium sedimentation of minicell lysates in metrizamide density gradients has revealed that both these host proteins, indispensable for lambda DNA replication, are membrane-bound. PMID- 6220699 TI - A chemoreceptive bilayer lipid membrane based on an auxin-receptor ATPase electrogenic pump. AB - Auxin-binding proteins have been extracted from coleoptiles and primary leaves of maize and diffusion--reconstituted in phosphatidyl choline/partially-oxidized cholesterol membranes. Measurement of membrane ion flux at 25 mV external potential with buffered KCl electrolyte was performed for the receptor support matrix and various combinations of ATP, receptor and naphthalene-1-acetic acid. Addition of the three components in any order results in a substantial increase in current with a limit-of-detection for auxin of about 10(-7)M. The pH dependence of the response is consistent with previous suggestions that an ATPase pump acts to translocate protons in the presence of K+ and Mg2+ and that the pump can be activated by auxin. This work provides the first direct link between the binding of a plant hormone to a putative receptor and the evocation of a biochemical response. PMID- 6220700 TI - Repair of potentially lethal and sublethal damage induced by neocarzinostatin in normal and ataxia-telangiectasia skin fibroblasts. AB - Neocarzinostatin is a radiomimetic antibiotic with a potent cytotoxic effect which elicits a hypersensitive response in human cells homozygous or heterozygous for the gene for ataxia-telangiectasia. The extent and the time course of potentially lethal damage repair and sublethal damage repair following neocarzinostatin treatment were investigated in human skin fibroblast strains and were found to be remarkably similar to those obtained following X-irradiation. Ataxia-telangiectasia homozygous cells essentially lacked potentially lethal damage repair, but were able to perform some degree of sublethal damage repair following neocarzinostatin treatment. Ataxia-telangiectasia heterozygous cells which show an intermediate degree of neocarzinostatin sensitivity could perform both processes but with somewhat reduced efficiency as compared to normal cells. These observations provide further evidence for a DNA repair defect in ataxia telangiectasia cells. PMID- 6220701 TI - Induction of mutations by 5-fluorodeoxyuridine: a mechanism of self-potentiated drug resistance? AB - In medium containing concentrations of deoxycytidine that occur in vivo, 5 fluorodeoxyuridine induced mutation frequencies 6-90 fold greater than spontaneous mutant frequencies at two genetic loci in Chinese hamster cells. In medium lacking deoxycytidine, 5-fluorodeoxyuridine was more cytotoxic but induced no mutants. Hence, the effectiveness of cancer therapy with 5-fluorodeoxyuridine may be limited by self potentiated development of 5-fluorodeoxyuridine-resistant mutants and enhanced and prolonged by manipulating deoxycytidine metabolism. PMID- 6220702 TI - Stimulation of phospholipid hydrolysis and cell death by mercuric chloride: evidence for mercuric ion acting as a calcium-mimetic agent. AB - Mercuric chloride stimulates phospholipid hydrolysis and prostaglandin release in 3T3 mouse fibroblasts. This response is distinctly different from that stimulated by other sulfhydryl-reactive agents, but it exhibits a variety of characteristics similar to the phospholipid hydrolysis response stimulated by Ca2+ plus ionophore A23187. Also, the additivity of phospholipid hydrolytic responses stimulated by Hg2+, Ca2+ and A23187 is consistent with Hg2+ interacting with a Ca2+-dependent enzyme(s). These results are consistent with Hg2+ acting by a novel, Ca2+-mimetic mechanism; i.e., with it entering cells and activating cell processes that are activated by Ca2+ in calcium-dependent cell death. PMID- 6220703 TI - A temperature-dependent structural change of mitochondrial ATPase. AB - The temperature dependence of the intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence in either bovine heart submitochondrial particles or oligomycin-sensitive ATPase isolated therefrom shows a discontinuity at near 25 degrees C, which coincides with the temperature where a break in the Arrhenius plot of ATPase activity is found. Addition of n-butanol to submitochondrial particles induces a decrease of tryptophan fluorescence in the whole temperature range. The discontinuity is interpreted as a temperature-dependent structural change and related to a viscosity-induced phase separation of the intrinsic mitochondrial proteins. PMID- 6220704 TI - Isolation of an actin polymerization stimulator from bovine thyroid plasma membranes. AB - An actin polymerization stimulator was purified from bovine thyroid plasma membranes by DNase I affinity column chromatography. Although the molecular weight of the protein was about 42,000 (42K) by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, it did not comigrate with actin. In the presence of 30 mM KC1, the 42K protein facilitated formation of actin filaments when analyzed by a centrifugation method, accelerated the initial phase of actin polymerization as measured in an Ostwald viscometer and increased the length of filaments as shown by electron microscopy. The 42K protein also accelerated the initial phase of actin polymerization in the presence of 100 mM KC1 and 2 mM MgCl2 but did not affect the final viscosity. The effect of the 42K protein was diminished by 5 uM cytochalasin B or 1 uM cytochalasin D. This 42K protein may anchor actin filaments onto the thyroid plasma membrane. PMID- 6220705 TI - Purification of homogeneous rat phosphofructokinase isozymes with high specific activities. AB - The purification of rat muscle and liver phosphofructokinase (PFK) isozymes has been greatly facilitated by column chromatographic separation on immobilized Cibacron Blue F3GA. The homogeneous liver PFK isozyme exhibited a specific activity of greater than 200 units per mg of protein which is nearly two-fold greater than has been previously reported for this isozyme. The yields for this isozyme exceeded 40% of the original activity and the molecular weight of its subunit was about 85,000 as determined by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The muscle PFK isozyme's specific activity was approximately 265 units/mg of protein which also is about twice the greatest specific activity previously reported. The overall yield for muscle PFK exceeded 50% of the original activity, and the molecular weight of its subunit was approximately 82,000. Using each homogeneous isozyme, antibodies were produced in rabbits; and the immunoglobin-G (IgG) fraction from the sera of these rabbits was highly specific for the PFK isozyme used as an antigen. PMID- 6220706 TI - Studies of the residual glycogen branching enzyme activity present in human skin fibroblasts from patients with type IV glycogen storage disease. AB - Human skin fibroblasts from patients with Type IV glycogen storage disease, in which there is a demonstrable deficiency of glycogen branching enzyme, were shown to be able to synthesize [14C]glycogen containing [14C]glucose at branch points when sonicates containing endogenous glycogen synthase a were incubated with UDP[14C]glucose. The branch point content of the glycogen synthesized by the Type IV cells was essentially the same as that formed by normal cells, but the total synthetic capacity of the Type IV cells was lower. A new assay for the branching enzyme using glycogen synthase as the indicator enzyme has been developed. Using this assay it has been shown that the residual branching enzyme of affected children and of their heterozygote parents is less easily inhibited by an IgG antibody raised in rabbits against the normal human liver enzyme than is the branching enzyme of normal fibroblasts. PMID- 6220707 TI - Detection of an Mr 200,000 glycoprotein in the culture medium of skin fibroblasts from patients with Huntington disease. AB - Huntington disease is a progressive neurological disorder with an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance. Using high resolution two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, we analyzed the intracellular and the released protein patterns of skin fibroblasts from HD patients and compared them to cells from apparently normal individuals matched for age and sex. No consistent differences were found in the pattern of total cellular proteins. In contrast, the culture medium from HD patients (12 of 19) contained an Mr 200,000 glycoprotein not found in twelve control cultures. The relation of this protein to the HD gene is unknown. PMID- 6220708 TI - Increased phospholipid methylation in the myocardium of alcoholic rats. AB - Phospholipid methyltransferase activity is unevenly distributed throughout the contractile and the specialized regions of rat heart. Chronic alcohol treatment stimulated the incorporation of [3H-methyl]-methionine but not [3H-methyl] choline into phosphatidylcholine by left ventricular slices. The increase in the incorporation of [3H-methyl]-group from [3H-methyl]-methionine into phosphatidylcholine was due to an increase in phospholipid methyltransferase activity. PMID- 6220709 TI - Photoaffinity cross-linking of oligomycin-sensitive ATPase from beef heart mitochondria by 3'-arylazido-8-azido ATP. PMID- 6220710 TI - Enhanced chondrocytic differentiation in chick limb bud cell cultures by inhibitors of poly(ADP-ribose) synthetase. AB - Inhibitors of poly(ADP-ribose) synthetase, namely nicotinamide, benzamide, m methoxybenzamide and 3-aminobenzamide, augmented chondrocytic differentiation chick embryo limb bud mesenchymal cells, in culture. These inhibitors stimulated early appearance and massive formation of cartilage nodules in micromass cultures stage 23-24 chick embryos. They also induced nodule formation in micromass and cartilage colonies at micromass plating densities from stage 18-19 embryo Benzamide, however, did not prevent differentiated chondrocytes from undergoing a pleiotypic change in cell type. These results are compatible with the putative regulatory function of poly(ADP-ribose) on cell differentiation. PMID- 6220711 TI - Preferential solubilization of Triton X-100 resistant nuclear glucocorticoid receptors by deoxyribonuclease I. AB - Nuclei, prepared by hypo-osmotic lysis from rat thymocytes that had been incubated at 37 degrees C with 20 nM [1,2,4-3H] triamcinolone acetonide, contained 2600-2800 stably and specifically bound steroid molecules per nucleus, 70-80% of which were retained after treatment with Triton X-100. DNAase I was more effective than DNAase II in solubilizing detergent-resistant glucocorticoid receptor complexes from nuclei at both 0 degrees C and 37 degrees C; at 0 degrees C, DNAase I digestion released 50-55% of the bound steroid with only 10% digestion of DNA. These results imply that the glucocorticoid-receptor complex is preferentially associated with transcriptionally active chromatin. PMID- 6220712 TI - Is high mobility group protein 17 phosphorylated in vivo? Re-examination of the HeLa cell cycle data. AB - When in vivo [32P] phosphate labeled HMG proteins from unsynchronized HeLa cells are separated by electrophoresis in acid-urea polyacrylamide gels, as opposed to separation in SDS-polyacrylamide, HMG 17 does not show any 32P incorporation. Likewise, no 32P radioactivity was found in HMG 17 protein isolated at different stages of the cell cycle from synchronized cells. By contrast, HMG 14 reveals a previously reported (Bhorjee, J.S. (1981) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 78, 6944 6948) cell cycle stage-specific dependent phosphorylation with maximum 32P radioactivity in the G2 phase relative to G1. Furthermore, HMG 14 is resolved into multiple electrophoretic forms as phosphoprotein in the acid-urea system. The results presented seriously question the data on the in vivo phosphorylation of HMG 17, and suggest that these be reevaluated. PMID- 6220713 TI - The 1H-NMR relaxation of Rhus laccase: assignment to different types of copper. AB - 1H-NMR relaxation measurements of Rhus laccase showed that a portion of the relaxivity was specifically abolished by less than stoichiometric EDTA. Another portion of relaxivity was removed by addition of N3(-) to the EDTA saturated enzyme. This treatment or selective removal of the Type 2 Cu left a large residual paramagnetic relaxivity (1700 M-1s-1) which was assigned to the Type 1 Cu. It is concluded that only a portion of the laccase relaxivity can be assigned to the Type 1 Cu and that this copper type does not behave homogeneously: the two fractions have different relaxivity, 5200 and less than or equal to 2400 M-1s-1 respectively. PMID- 6220714 TI - Structural differences of heparan sulfates according to the tissue and species of origin. AB - Some structural features of thirteen heparan sulfates isolated from different mammalian tissues and species are reported. Two N-acetylated disaccharides, one of then O-sulfated and two N-sulfated disaccharides, one of then 6-sulfated are formed from these compounds by the combined action of heparitinases I and II from Flavobacterium heparinum. The relative proportions of the four disaccharide units vary quite significantly among the thirteen heparan sulfates indicating that the structure of these polymers are tissue and species specific. Based on the frequency of appearance of each one of the disaccharides it was calculated that 10(36) types of heparan sulfates might theoretically be found. The possible role of these polyanions in cell-cell recognition is discussed in view of the present findings. PMID- 6220715 TI - Covalent binding of lactosaminoglycans and heparan sulphate to fibronectin synthesized by a human teratocarcinoma cell line. PMID- 6220716 TI - Identification of a second synexin-like adrenal medullary and liver protein that enhances calcium-induced membrane aggregation. AB - Synexin, an approximately 47,000 Mr soluble protein isolated from adrenal medulla or liver, shows Ca2+-specific enhancement of the aggregation of chromaffin granule or other negatively charged biological or artificial membranes. We report the identification of second synexin-like protein (Mr approximately 56,000) from the same sources with similar Ca2+-specific membrane aggregation activities. However, the molecular weight, aggregation kinetics, susceptibility to protease inactivation and peptide maps of the two synexins are quite different, suggesting that they are entirely different proteins, and that the aggregation assay is only a convenient method for identifying a large number of Ca2+-specific proteins with diverse, yet to be defined activities. PMID- 6220717 TI - Transformation of Aspergillus nidulans by the orotidine-5'-phosphate decarboxylase gene of Neurospora crassa. AB - Relief of an auxotrophic requirement for uridine in Aspergillus nidulans strain G191 has been achieved by transformation with a segment of Neurospora crassa DNA containing the corresponding gene coding for orotidine-5'-phosphate decarboxylase. The mitotic stability of such transformants suggests that the DNA has integrated into the genome. Southern hybridisation analysis of DNA isolated from transformants revealed the presence of pBR322 sequences which have integrated into the host genome along with the N. crassa DNA. PMID- 6220718 TI - Role of AMP deaminase reaction in the response of phosphofructokinase to the adenylate energy charge. AB - The role of NH+4 ion and AMP deaminase reaction in the activation of phosphofructokinase with respect to its response to the adenylate energy charge was investigated using permeabilized yeast cells. (a) Phosphofructokinase and AMP deaminase were activated by the decrease in the adenylate energy charge. The addition of NH+4 further stimulated the phosphofructokinase activity in the presence of intracellular level of K+, and the optimal energy charge value giving the maximal response of the enzyme was shifted from 0.3 to the value above 0.5. (b) The increase in NH+4 ion produced through the activation of AMP deaminase by spermine which shows no direct action on the phosphofructokinase activity can activate phosphofructokinase with shift of the optimal energy charge value of the enzyme to 0.5 in the presence of K+, whereas the optimal energy charge value for AMP deaminase reaction was not affected by the addition of spermine. Phosphofructokinase can be activated most effectively by the physiological decrease in the energy charge under the condition of increased NH+4 in the presence of K+. The possibility that the interaction of phosphofructokinase with AMP deaminase under hypoxic condition might be a contributing factor to the Pasteur effect is discussed. PMID- 6220719 TI - Differential effects of NAD, nicotinamide and related compounds upon growth and nucleoside incorporation in human cells. AB - Two human melanoma cell lines, MM96 and MM127, were found to be highly sensitive to the toxicity of adenosine (D50 100-150 micrograms/ml) compared with other melanoma lines. HeLa cells and a lymphoblastoid line (D50 greater than 500 micrograms/ml). The MM127 line was also sensitive to NAD (D50 41 micrograms/ml) compared with the other lines (D50 greater than 400 micrograms/ml), and accumulated three-fold more NAD-derived isotopic label. Nicotinamide exhibited little toxicity in any cell type (D50 greater than 400 micrograms/ml); 25-100 micrograms/ml nicotinamide greatly increased the plating efficiency of melanoma cells and fibroblasts when low levels of foetal calf serum were used. The toxicity of DNA-damaging agents (alkylating agents and u.v.) in melanoma cells was not reduced in the presence of NAD, adenosine or nicotinamide. Studies of the effects of the latter compounds upon the incorporation of deoxynucleosides showed that: (a) melanoma cells have lower purine pools than fibroblasts; (b) [3H]deoxyguanosine incorporation was inhibited more than [3H]deoxyadenosine incorporation; (c) incorporation of [3H]deoxyadenosine and [3H]deoxyguanosine into RNA was inhibited by adenosine, thus providing a method for determination of guanine-specific DNA repair; and (d) NAD enhanced thymidine incorporation in intact melanoma cells but not in fibroblasts, in a pattern similar to the release from template restriction previously reported for permeabilised tumour cells. PMID- 6220720 TI - Nicotinamide N-oxide formation by rat liver microsomes. PMID- 6220721 TI - Medroxyprogesterone acetate improvement of the hepatic drug-metabolizing enzyme system in rats after chemical liver injury. AB - Medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) has an inducing effect on the hepatic drug metabolizing enzyme system in the rat. The effect of MPA on the liver metabolism was further evaluated here by investigating the restoration of hepatic function after chemical liver injury in female rats. The hepatic injury was induced by pretreating the animals with CCl4 and dimethylnitrosamine for 4 weeks, after which rats treated with MPA for a week were compared with rats showing spontaneous regeneration upon treatment with the MPA vehicle only. Changes in various parameters of the drug-metabolizing enzyme system were used as indices of hepatic function together with liver protein content. The results showed that MPA therapy increased the cytochrome P-450 content and the activity of NADPH cytochrome c reductase, the monooxygenase enzymes benzo[a]pyrene hydroxylase and aminopyrine N-demethylase, epoxide hydrolase and glutathione S-transferase. MPA increased the relative values in the rats with liver injury almost equally to, or even more than, that seen in the intact animals in comparison to the corresponding vehicle-treated rats. MPA seemed to enhance protein synthesis during liver regeneration, as indicated by changes in total liver protein and in the gel electrophoresis pattern of the microsomal proteins. The hepatic enzyme induction and enhancement of protein synthesis achieved by MPA after liver injury may be of value in the treatment of liver diseases. PMID- 6220722 TI - [Health in non-aligned nations and developing nations]. PMID- 6220723 TI - [Prevention of blindness. Various clinico-epidemiological features of eye diseases]. PMID- 6220724 TI - [Diagnosis of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in women through the examination of different anatomical regions]. PMID- 6220725 TI - [Alcoholism in workers from urban and rural areas. Experience in Brazil]. PMID- 6220726 TI - [Antigenic treatment of patients with Down's syndrome]. PMID- 6220727 TI - [Urodiagnosis]. PMID- 6220728 TI - Metocurine requirements and plasma concentrations in burned paediatric patients. AB - A cumulative dose-response study for metocurine was performed on 11 burned and 11 non-burned children during thiopentone, nitrous oxide in oxygen and narcotic anaesthesia. Burned children required a significantly (P less than 0.001) greater dose (three-fold) of metocurine to achieve a given degree of neuromuscular blockade compared with non-burned children. For the same degree of twitch depression, burned children required twice the plasma concentration of metocurine. Despite the larger dose, the recovery time for the twitch was not significantly different in the two groups. It is speculated that there may be fundamental changes at the neuromuscular junction of burned children to account for their resistance to the effect of non-depolarizing neuromuscular blockers. PMID- 6220729 TI - Comparison of buprenorphine-hyoscine and papaveretum-hyoscine as premedicants for gynaecological surgery. AB - Buprenorphine 0.3 mg and papaveretum 20 mg, both combined with hyoscine 0.4 mg, were used as premedicants in female patients undergoing laparoscopy or abdominal hysterectomy. The effects were compared. It was found that the increase in drowsiness and tranquility was greater following buprenorphine than that following papaveretum. A low frequency of nausea was reported in the buprenorphine-hyoscine group of patients who had undergone hysterectomy. The analgesic effects of the drugs, in these doses, appeared to be similar in degree and duration. PMID- 6220730 TI - Cognitive development in the Down's Syndrome infant: slow or different? PMID- 6220731 TI - Failure of macrophage activation to induce pulmonary fibrosis in asbestos-exposed guinea-pigs. AB - Inhalation of asbestos by specific-pathogen-free (SPF) guinea-pigs the macrophages of which were systemically activated with Freund's complete adjuvant and/or M. tuberculosis (Strain H37Ra) induced a diffuse pulmonary mononuclear cell infiltration of the interstitium and air space. The severity of the reactions to the various insults was dependent on the treatment given. Although there was no histological evidence of increased collagen, there was a diffuse increase in reticulin in animals which were exposed to asbestos and the macrophages of which were activated. However, even in the case where severe pulmonary inflammatory changes occurred complete resolution of the response took place within 1 year. Therefore in this model activation of macrophages does not have a detrimental effect after inhalation of asbestos. PMID- 6220732 TI - Quantitative analysis of T-lymphocyte subsets in atopic eczema, using monoclonal antibodies and flow cytofluorimetry. AB - An analysis of T-lymphocyte subpopulations was performed on thirty-eight consecutive patients with atopic eczema, using monoclonal antibodies and flow cytofluorimetry. The total T-lymphocyte and helper T-cell numbers did not differ significantly from those of a matched control group, but there was a highly significant reduction in suppressor T-cell numbers among the atopic group. Both suppressor T-cell deficiency and circulating IgE elevation were found to correlate positively with disease activity. Food specific IgE levels to milk and egg were ascertained by radioallergosorbent (RAST) studies. These proved positive in seven out of thirty-five atopics (20%). PMID- 6220733 TI - Lymphocyte subsets in normal and pre-eclamptic pregnancies. AB - Peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets in normal and preeclamptic pregnancies have been studied by using the monoclonal antibodies OKT3 (T cells), OKT4 (helper/inducer T cells) and OKT8 (suppressor/cytotoxic T cells). In addition the numbers of mononuclear cells bearing Ia and monocyte antigens have been assessed by using the monoclonal antibodies OKIa1 and OKM1. No significant differences were found between 10 normal pregnant and 10 non-pregnant subjects. Ten preeclamptic patients were studied and showed an increase in OKT4-positive helper cells. This was significant in terms of percentage of mononuclear cells but not the absolute numbers or the helper/suppressor (OKT4/OKT8) ratio. PMID- 6220734 TI - Use of transferred nuclear Overhauser effect measurements to compare binding of coenzyme analogues to dihydrofolate reductase. AB - Transferred nuclear Overhauser effect measurements have been made on complexes of NADP+ and thioNADP+ with Lactobacillus casei dihydrofolate reductase to provide information about the glycosidic bond conformations in these complexes. Both NADP+ and thioNADP+ are shown to have very similar anti conformations about their adenine glycosidic bonds when bound to the enzyme. However, their nicotinamide glycosidic bond conformations are very different: while NADP+ binds in an exclusively anti conformation, thioNADP+ binds with a distribution of syn/anti conformations very similar to that observed in nicotinamide mononucleotides in free solution (approximately 50:50). Thus for thioNADP+, binding to the enzyme does not significantly perturb the potential function for rotation about the nicotinamide glycosidic bond. Earlier NMR studies [Hyde, E. I., Birdsall, B., Roberts, G. C. K., Feeney, J., & Burgen, A. S. V. (1980) Biochemistry 19, 3738] had indicated that large downfield 1H shifts of the nicotinamide ring protons (0.61-1.36 ppm) are detected on binding NADP+ while only very small shifts (less than 0.1 ppm) are observed in complexes with thioNADP+. The chemical shift and conformational findings are best explained if the thionicotinamide ring extends into solution making essentially no contacts with the enzyme. PMID- 6220735 TI - Self-association and modification of calcium binding in solubilized sarcoplasmic reticulum adenosinetriphosphatase. PMID- 6220736 TI - Spatial relationships between specific sites on reconstituted chloroplast proton adenosinetriphosphatase and the phospholipid vesicle surface. PMID- 6220737 TI - Use of trypsin to monitor conformational changes of mitochondrial adenosinetriphosphatase induced by nucleotides and phosphate. AB - Upon incubation with trypsin, the adenosine-5'-triphosphatase (ATPase) activity of the nucleotide-depleted F1 is first rapidly and slightly activated and then slowly inactivated. The first phase is simultaneous with the conversion of the alpha subunit into an alpha' fragment which migrates between alpha and beta on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The second phase is related to the proteolysis of the three main subunits, alpha', beta, and gamma. Preincubation of the enzyme with low concentrations of adenosine 5'-diphosphate (ADP) or adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) does not modify the slight increase of activity but efficiently prevents the inactivation induced by trypsin. The alpha leads to alpha' conversion is not affected whereas the further proteolysis of alpha', beta, and gamma does not occur. On the contrary, even high concentrations of GDP only slightly lower the trypsin-induced inactivation. The presence of endogenous tightly bound nucleotides also partially lowers the sensitivity to trypsin since F1 is less rapidly inactivated and proteolyzed than the nucleotide depleted F1. Phosphate, at high concentrations, both slows down the first phase of activation and simultaneous alpha leads to alpha' conversion and prevents the second phase of inactivation and proteolysis of the main subunits. Pretreatment of the nucleotide-depleted F1 with trypsin under conditions where the ATPase activity is largely inhibited only slightly modifies, however, the hysteretic behavior of the enzyme: the ADP binding and the concomitant hysteretic inhibition of the residual activity are not markedly diminished. The purified ATPase-ATP synthase complex binds very few ADP's and is not hysteretically inhibited. Its ATPase activity is rapidly activated but not further inhibited by trypsin. Preincubation of the complex with ADP does not modify the effects of trypsin. PMID- 6220738 TI - Measurements of cytoplasmic and vacuolar pH in Neurospora using nitrogen-15 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. AB - The nitrogen-15 chemical shift of the N1 (tau)-nitrogen of 15N-labeled histidine and the half-height line widths of proton-coupled resonances of the delta- and omega,omega'-nitrogens of 15N-labeled arginine and of the alpha-nitrogens of 15N labeled alanine and proline were measured in intact mycelia of Neurospora crassa to obtain to estimates of intracellular pH. For intracellular 15N-labeled histidine, the N1 (tau)-nitrogen chemical shift was 200.2 ppm. In vitro measurements showed that the chemical shift was slightly affected by the presence of phosphate, with which the basic amino acids may be associated in vivo. These considerations indicate a pH of 5.7-6.0 for the environment of intracellular histidine. The half-height line widths of the delta- and omega,omega'-nitrogens of [15N]arginine were 15 and 26 Hz, respectively. In vitro studies showed that these line widths also are influenced by the presence of phosphate, and, after suitable allowance for this, the line widths indicate pH 6.1-6.5 for intracellular arginine. The half-height line widths for intracellular alanine and proline were 17 and 12 Hz, respectively, which are consistent with an intracellular pH of 7.1-7.2. Pools of histidine and arginine are found principally in the vacuole of Neurospora, most likely in association with polyphosphates. Proline and alanine are cytoplasmic. The results reported here are consistent with these localizations and indicate that the vacuolar pH is 6.1 +/- 0.4 while the cytoplasmic pH is 7.15 +/- 0.10. Comparisons of these estimates with those obtained by other techniques and their implications for vacuolar function are discussed. PMID- 6220739 TI - Analysis of the rate-limiting step in a ligand-cell receptor interaction: the immunoglobulin E system. AB - Theory predicts that the kinetics of simple interactions between a ligand and a receptor bound on the surface of a cell will be affected by the occupancy of receptors on the same cell. In a diffusion-limited reaction the effect will be on the rate of dissociation but not on the rate of association until the cell is virtually saturated with ligand. If the rate of reaction is not diffusion limited, then the opposite holds; i.e., the forward velocities will be proportional to the concentration of vacant receptors, but the reverse reactions will not be. We examined the kinetics of reaction between immunoglobulin E (IgE) and its receptor and clearly demonstrated that the reaction is not diffusion controlled. The substantial (congruent to 30-fold) increase in the forward rate constant observed for the reaction of IgE with solubilized receptors as opposed to cell-bound receptors is therefore not an artifact of calculation. Since the reverse rate constants show little difference, we postulate that the presence of other surface components (rather than conformational differences in the receptor) affects the reaction with the cells. As an aid to the analysis, the theory has been extended so that not only the rate constants but also the entire course of the reaction of ligand with cell receptors can be predicted for diffusion-limited vs. non-diffusion-limited interactions. PMID- 6220740 TI - Retention of allosteric properties in an inactive, proteolyzed form of phosphofructokinase. PMID- 6220741 TI - Interaction of 4-azido-2-nitrophenyl phosphate, an inorganic phosphate photoreactive analogue, with chloroplast coupling factor 1. PMID- 6220742 TI - Determinants of calcium loading at steady state in sarcoplasmic reticulum. AB - The determinants of steady-state calcium loading by sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles were evaluated by measuring the contribution of different pathways of calcium flux to the total calcium flux at steady state. The diffusional passive pathway was least significant at all calcium loads studied. Diffusional passive calcium flux was evaluated by a number of methods which gave comparable results and support its designation as passive and diffusional. These methods included (a) flux measurements with the simple pump-leak system which pertains when acetyl phosphate is used to load the vesicles; (b) flux measurements made after quenching the pump with EGTA; (c) flux measurements made after quenching the pump with glucose plus hexokinase; and (d) evaluation of the effect of pump activity on the efflux of mannitol. The calcium efflux not accounted for by the diffusional pathway was assigned to non-diffusional pathways. Efflux through the non-diffusional pathways required ATP, ADP and extravesicular Ca2+. The ADP dependent, phosphoenzyme-independent pathway described by Beirao and DeMeis (Biochim. Biophys. Acta (1976) 433, 520-530) was not significantly involved in efflux. We propose that the level of calcium loading achieved at steady state is determined by the levels of the intermediates of the calcium pump which are established at this pseudo-equilibrium condition, these levels being determined by the concentrations of intravesicular and extravesicular calcium ([Ca2+]i and [Ca2+]), ATP and ADP. The different levels of calcium loading achieved by skeletal and cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum are attributed to different nucleotide and calcium kinetics in these two types of sarcoplasmic reticulum and possibly to different intravesicular volumes. Differences in diffusional permeability are not responsible for differences in calcium loading. PMID- 6220743 TI - A radioimmunoassay specific for opsin. AB - A radioimmunoassay is developed for bovine opsin using a rabbit antiserum against bovine rod outer segment membranes. The assay is specific for opsin. Rhodopsin, bacteriorhodopsin and hemoglobin do not show cross-reaction. It can be carried out rapidly, has a sensitivity of 0.01 pmol bovine opsin and gives accurate results, even in the presence of a large excess of rhodopsin. Under the conditions described, the assay can be used to measure bovine opsin and rhodopsin in each other's presence by running a sample before and after illumination, with a sensitivity 2000-times higher than with spectrophotometric methods. The opsin content of rather crude preparations such as bovine retina homogenates can be accurately determined. Rabbit and mouse opsin can also be assayed with a reasonable degree of accuracy using the same rabbit antiserum. PMID- 6220744 TI - [Properties of the ATP-dependent Ca2+ transport system in the plasma membrane fraction of the myometrium cells]. PMID- 6220745 TI - [Fractional composition and nature of glycosaminoglycans in proteoglycans from animal tissue displaying chalone properties]. PMID- 6220746 TI - [Hydrochemical regimen of the sites of emergence as a measure of the ecological plasticity of the mosquito Aedes caspius dorsalis Mg. (Diptera, Culicidae)]. AB - The results of the analysis of the hydrochemical regime of the Aedes caspius dorsalis emergence places at the northern border of its distribution, on the White Sea coast are presented. The larvae of this species are able to grow in the various reservoirs under the different conditions which have been changed during larvae development. The dynamics of hydrochemical characteristics depends on the hydrological regime of these reservoirs. The larvae ability to endure considerable changes of the abiotic factors shows the great adaptive tolerance of the species. PMID- 6220747 TI - Developmental patterns of serum luteinizing hormone, gonadal and adrenal steroids in the sooty mangabey (Cercocebus atys). AB - Serum levels of luteinizing hormone (LH), testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHAS), androstenedione and cortisol were determined in multiple samples from 86 sooty mangabeys of varying ages (0-17 years). Testosterone, androstenedione, DHAS and cortisol were measured by radioimmunoassay; LH was determined by in vitro bioassay. Serum LH concentrations were elevated in neonates (less than 6 months) and in animals older than 72 months of age. The higher LH levels were associated with increased circulating concentrations of testosterone in males but not females. The pubertal rise in serum testosterone at approximately 55-60 months of age in males was coincident with rapid body growth. No pubertal growth spurt was observed in females. Serum levels of androstenedione and DHAS were highest during early postnatal life (less than 6 months) with androstenedione exceeding 600 ng/dl in males and 250 micrograms/dl in females, but declined rapidly in both sexes to a baseline of 150 ng/dl by 19 months of age. Serum androstenedione did not fluctuate significantly in adult animals. The pattern of age-related changes in serum DHAS paralleled those of serum androstenedione, whereas serum cortisol values did not change significantly with age. Developmental changes in serum LH, testosterone and body weight suggest that the sooty mangabey matures substantially later than the rhesus monkey. The pattern of serum gonadal and adrenal steroids during sexual maturation is similar to that seen in the baboon with no evidence of an adrenarche. PMID- 6220748 TI - A study of factors affecting the success of human fertilization in vitro. I. Influence of ovarian stimulation upon the number and condition of oocytes collected. PMID- 6220749 TI - [Biology of myocardial adaptation to mechanical overload]. AB - Chronic mechanical cardiac overload induces several adaptational processes, such as that provided by the Starling's law, which, allow the heart to function normally during a given period of time. Compensatory hypertrophy is, from a myocardial point of view, characterized by two main adaptational factors: hypertrophy due to a stimulation of protein synthesis and the slowing of the shortening velocity. This drop in contractility has undoubtedly been demonstrated in some experimental models, it is due to an isoenzymatic shift of myosin which is responsible for a depressed myosin ATPase activity. It has been clearly shown that this improves the efficiency of contraction, since for a given tension, the hypertrophied fiber produces less heat. Such a change does in fact exist in human heart but seems to have a limited physiological significance and in, any case, cannot explained the striking decrease in contractility which characterizes the final step of heart failure. PMID- 6220750 TI - Severe deficiency of natural killer activity in the peripheral blood of patients with hairy cell leukemia. AB - Natural killer (NK) activity against K-562 tumor cells was evaluated in peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) obtained from untreated patients affected by hairy cell leukemia (HCL). NK activity present in PBL from 10 HCL patients was at least six-fold lower (p less than 0.01) than that present in PBL from 15 healthy donors. Decreased NK activity in HCL PBL was not due to dilution of the NK effector cells by the neoplastic cells; in fact, NK activity of PBL from 4 HCL patients with less than 5% circulating neoplastic cells was still five-fold lower (p less than 0.01) than that present in normal PBL. Partial characterization of the NK defect in HCL patients indicated that: (A) defective cytotoxicity was not dependent on the duration of the assay; (B) HCL PBL added to normal PBL during the assay did not exert suppressor activity; (C) the NK activity of HCL PBL could be potentiated in vitro by interferon; and (D) low levels of NK activity were associated with reduced numbers of circulating monocytes (p less than 0.01) and of large granular lymphocytes (LGL) (p less than 0.01). In conclusion, our results indicate that the low levels of NK activity present in the peripheral blood of HCL patients may be related to reduced numbers of circulating effector cells. PMID- 6220751 TI - Effects of changing federal health policies on the general public, the aged, and disabled. PMID- 6220752 TI - The place of the 99mTc-polyphosphonate bone scan in renal carcinoma. AB - Forty-two bone images carried out on 33 patients with renal carcinoma have been evaluated. The bone image seems more sensitive than conventional radiology in detecting bone secondaries, but covert metastases are unlikely in the patient presenting with purely urological symptoms. PMID- 6220753 TI - Effect of genetic counselling on the prevalence of Huntington's chorea. PMID- 6220754 TI - Seborrhoea is not a feature of seborrhoeic dermatitis. AB - The sebum excretion rate from forehead skin was measured in 44 patients with classic seborrhoeic dermatitis and 200 control subjects. The mean excretion rate was normal in the 29 men with seborrhoeic dermatitis and significantly reduced in the 15 women with the disease. This study showed that seborrhoeic dermatitis is not usually associated with seborrhoea, and therefore "dermatitis of the sebaceous areas" may be a more accurate term. PMID- 6220756 TI - Bronchoconstriction in response to ipratropium bromide. PMID- 6220755 TI - Diurnal variation of lymphocyte subsets identified by monoclonal antibodies. AB - Monoclonal antibodies specific for lymphocyte subsets were used to examine circulating lymphocytes obtained at frequent intervals from healthy subjects. A diurnal rhythm was found in the total numbers of lymphocytes, T cells, inducer/helper cells, suppressor/cytotoxic cells, Ia positive cells, and B cells. The lowest levels of all subsets were seen at 0900 hours and the highest levels at 2100. In some subjects the ratio of helper to suppressor cells varied considerably during the sample period, though the ratio was relatively constant for the group as a whole. PMID- 6220757 TI - The Heimlich manoeuvre. PMID- 6220758 TI - Caring for the young disabled. PMID- 6220759 TI - Identification of tonal contrasts in Thai aphasic patients. AB - In tone languages pitch variations (tones) serve to distinguish the lexical meanings of words. This study was conducted to examine the extent and nature of impairment in the perception of tones by aphasic patients who were monolingual speakers of Thai, a tone language which has five contrastive tones (mid, low, falling, high, rising). Six subjects participated in the study: two Broca aphasics, one transcortical motor aphasic, one conduction aphasic, one right brain-damaged nonaphasic, and one normal control. Three sets of stimuli (two real speech, one synthetic-speech) were presented for identification, each set containing five Thai words minimally distinguished by tone. Results of the perception tests indicated that the performance of all four left brain-damaged aphasics differed significantly from that of the normal control, while the performance of the right brain-damaged nonaphasic did not. The normal performance of the right brain-damaged nonaphasic patient on this tone identification task suggests that deficits in the perception of tone exhibited by left brain-damaged patients can be attributed specifically to pathology in the language dominant hemisphere rather than to a general brain-damage effect. No difference in performance among the left brain-damaged patients could be attributed to a specific type of aphasic syndrome. The pattern of tonal confusions of the aphasics in comparison to that of normals suggests that their deficit is primarily quantitative rather than qualitative. Although two (mid, low) of the five tones accounted for a large percentage of the aphasics' errors, no uniform rank order of tones in terms of identifiability could be established across aphasic subjects, which suggests that their deficit is general to all five tones rather than selective to individual tones. PMID- 6220760 TI - Ultrastructural study of motor endings on long chain intrafusal fibers in muscle spindles of the cat. AB - Five complete poles of long nuclear chain intrafusal fibers of cat tenuissimus muscle spindles embedded in a plastic medium were cut in serial, 1 micron thick transverse sections and stained with toluidine blue. Each fiber pole displayed one plate-type motor ending positioned outside the encapsulated part of the spindle. Ultrastructurally, the endings resembled extrafusal end-plates and were more complex, in terms of prominence of sole-plate and degree of post-junctional folding, than any other motor ending present in the spindles. They were identified as the terminals of static (fast) skeletofusimotor axons, which preferentially innervate the longest nuclear chain fibers of cat spindles. PMID- 6220761 TI - [Arterial hypertension and the natriuretic hormone]. PMID- 6220762 TI - [Inhibition of the biosynthesis of thyroglobulin with propranolol in the rat]. AB - Thyroglobulin biosynthesis was studied in thyroid glands of rats treated during 30 days with a daily dose of propranolol, a non-selective beta-adrenergic blocking drug. Studies were carried out by extraction of soluble proteins from homogenates after incubation of the glands in presence of [3H]-4,5-L-leucine and [3H]-D-1-galactose. Thyroglobulin 19S, 12S and 4-8S soluble proteins were separated and identified by ultracentrifugation in a saccharose gradient. The glands of rats treated with propranolol showed a decreased amount of soluble proteins as well as a decreased incorporation of [3H] labeled markers. 19S thyroglobulin is poorly represented, but very large amounts of the 12S monomer are present; this suggests an impairment in the dimerization of the 12S subunit, absent in normal controls. This impairment could be due to a structure modification. Propranolol reduces the biosynthesis of thyroglobulin in thyroid gland as well as the formation of T3 from T4 in peripheral tissues; its therapeutical use against thyrotoxicosis is thus justified. The study of its action on the dimerisation of the 12S subunit could be of interest to clear the mechanism of thyroglobulin biosynthesis. PMID- 6220763 TI - [Inhibition of the biosynthesis of thyroglobulin in the thyroid gland of rats by isoniazid]. AB - Groups of rats have been treated for one month with a daily dose of 50 mg/kg of body weight/day of isoniazide a product used therapeutically in man against tuberculosis. The animals submitted to this experiment showed an increase of thyroid weight (39%) and a decrease of its content in water soluble proteins, including thyroglobulin and precursors. These proteins have been labeled in vitro by [3H]-4,5-L-leucine and by [3H]-galactose, by incubation of isolated glands during 4 h in a medium containing this labeled marker. The decrease of thyroglobulin-like proteins was of 20-37% for [3H]-D-1-galactose, labeled fraction and of 46-53% for the [3H]-leucine labeled fraction. Two thirds of the radioactive protein sedimented by ultracentrifugation in a sucrose gradient were present in a 12S monomer of thyroglobulin. This suggests an impairment of biosynthesis of 19S thyroglobulin, in which two of the subunit are associated. Under experimental conditions adopted this 19S protein was labeled by [3H] leucine, but not by [3H]-galactose. Two other antituberculous agents studied, ethambutol and rifamizine, exerted not the same effects on thyroid gland in rats. Therefore a control of thyroid function appear to be necessarily only in man treated by isoniazine. PMID- 6220764 TI - [Relations between the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and urinary elimination of sodium: study of healthy subjects in clinostatism and on a sodium free diet]. AB - In 94 normotensive subjects and free sodium diet, the relationship between SPRA and the 2-hour urinary sodium excretion was significantly better fitted by an hyperbolic function (p less than 0,001); r = 0,53) than a linear one (p less than 0,001; r = -0,31) between SPRA and the 24-hour urinary sodium excretion. (SPRA = Supine Plasma Renin Activity). PMID- 6220765 TI - [Blood proteins in African trypanosomiasis: variations and statistical interpretations]. AB - The estimation of blood orosomucoid, haptoglobin, C-reactive protein and immunoglobulins levels, has enable us to prove a specific proteic profile in the human african trypanosomiasis, as compared with other that of parasitic diseases, and with an healthy african reference group. Data processing informatique by principal components analysis, provide a valuable pool for epidemiological surveys. PMID- 6220766 TI - [Use of multidimensional technics of analysis in the study of specific immunoglobulins in human African trypanosomiasis]. AB - In human african trypanosomiasis, the quantitative studies of specific immunoglobulins (IgG, IgA, IgM) complement fixing antibody, and multivariate analysis methods (discriminant analysis allocation of cases with a Jacknife procedure) enable to assert the immunological profiles evolution through the different stages of the disease. PMID- 6220767 TI - [Effect of flurbiprofen and acetylsalicylic acid on the ultrastructure of blood platelets]. AB - Flurbiprofene or acetylsalicylic acid did not change the structure of inactivated platelets. With flurbiprofene 50% aggregation inhibition was obtained at 10(-6) to 10(-5) M concentrations. To obtain the same result with acetylsalicylic acid, 10(-4) to 10(-3) M concentrations were necessary. With both agents, shape change was inhibited. The platelets in the small aggregates did not have the normal stretched dumb-bell shape but remained globulous and emitted a broad pseudopode containing normally-repolymerized microtubules. PMID- 6220768 TI - [Immunologic phenomena in habitual abortion]. AB - 12 women with recurrent abortions are investigated for various immunological parameters. Couples studied shared several HLA antigens, those women do not develop HLA' antibodies and cellular cytotoxicity against their husband. Their serum has an abnormal glycoprotein, migrating in the alpha globulin zone, precipitating with anti beta globulin serum. The women studied with recurrent abortions never possessed the Blocking Factor present in the serum of pregnant women, able to inhibit a cellular cytotoxicity reaction in vitro. It is proposed a reliable and simple test which could inform on the outcome of abortions. PMID- 6220769 TI - [Effects of adenosine on the secretions of glucagon and insulin of isolated ad perfused pancreas of the rat]. AB - The effects of adenosine on insulin and glucagon secretions were studied using the isolated perfused rat pancreas. The secretion of glucagon was stimulated by adenosine at concentrations ranging from 1.65 to 165 mumol/l, in the presence of glucose 0.5 g/l; the stimulation was immediate, but transient and was dose dependent. Insulin secretion was not changed by adenosine in the presence of glucose 0.5 g/l; in the presence of glucose 1.5 g/l, adenosine at 1.65 and 16.5 mumol/l did not significantly modify insulin secretion. But at 165 mumol/l adenosine induced a progressive increase in time after the 5th minute. The A cell appears then to be much more sensitive to adenosine than the B cell. PMID- 6220770 TI - [Repercussions of anterior hypothalamic lesions on nycthemeral variations of plasma thyroxine and corticosterone in the pigeon]. AB - Plasma thyroxine and corticosterone levels were determined by competitive protein binding assay, at 3 hr intervals, throughout the photoperiod. Pigeons were kept in controlled environment (21 +/- 1 degree C; 14L6-20: 10D). Intact controls exhibited low thyroxine (T4) and corticosterone (B) levels for the light phase of the photoperiod. Values were rising during the night, up to a peak at 03 hr. Electrolytic lesions were placed bilaterally in either the nucleus anterior medialis hypothalami or the n. preopticus, or the n. supraopticus. Circadian rhythms of both T4 and B were markedly altered in all lesioned pigeons, with a shift of very high T4 values to the morning times and a complete disorganization of B patterns, with very heterogeneous values. The possibility is raised that anterior hypothalamic formations participate in the endogenous oscillator circuitry in birds. PMID- 6220771 TI - [Quantitative variations in the number and size of peritoneal mastocytes in the female rat during the normal sexual cycle, following ovariectomy and administration of estrogens]. AB - Female rat peritoneal mast cells were found more numerous and of more reduced sizes in metestrus and diestrus than in proestrus and especially estrus where a partial degranulation took place. Ovariectomy caused an important decrease in the number and size of mast cells. A regular treatment of spayed animals by 17 beta estradiol partly inhibited these effects. PMID- 6220772 TI - [Effect of chronic administration of an acylamino alcoyl derivative of benzoic acid, HB 699, on the pancreatic polypeptide secretion in the dog]. AB - HB 699, a hypoglycemic and insulin stimulating agent, which does not belong to the sulphonylurea group, was administered per os to the dog at the dose of 15 mg/kg, daily for 14 days. This agent induced an increase in fasting plasma levels of pancreatic polypeptide, without modifying blood glucose, insulin, glucagon and somatostatin levels. PMID- 6220773 TI - [Effect of cyproterone acetate on the 3 alpha-hydroxysteroid-dehydrogenase activity of cutaneous fibroblasts in culture]. AB - In men, parallel variations in urinary 3 alpha 5 alpha androstane 17 beta diol with the amount of sex skin fibroblast DHT receptors rise the question of a relationship of 3 ketosteroid reductase activity and specific DHT binding. To test this hypothesis, we measured 3 alpha 5 alpha androstane 17 beta diol biosynthesis in cultured sex skin fibroblasts, in the presence of high amounts of cyproterone acetate which competes with DHT for its receptor: when 95% of DHT is displaced by cyproterone acetate, the 3 keto steroid reductase activity remains unchanged. These results suggest that the relationship of 3-keto-steroid reductase activity and androgen receptors is unlikely. PMID- 6220774 TI - [Comparative study of the effects of 2 types of protein-energy malnutrition followed by a balanced realimentation on trypsin and chymotrypsin activity of the pancreas and the pancreatic juice of the rat]. AB - The intake of 2 p. 100 casein or 5 p. 100 gluten diet as only protein source caused overall protein synthesis and immediately stopped the rat growth. Trypsin activity was less affected than chymotrypsin activity in pancreas. Refeeding on 20 p. 100 or 15 p. 100 casein diet caused a considerable increase of trypsin and chymotrypsin activities during the first week. PMID- 6220775 TI - [Influence of diverse nucleotide constituents of Pseudomonas fluorescens on the D glucose-dehydrogenase activity of the bacterium]. AB - The D-glucose-dehydrogenase activity of P. fluorescens is enhanced or depressed by some nucleotides synthetised by this bacterium: stimulatory nucleotides have been separated from inhibitory. UTP exhibits a non-competitive inhibition upon the pure soluble enzyme. PMID- 6220776 TI - [Inductive effects of enzymes of salicylic acid derivatives]. AB - In the series of salicylic acids derivatives investigated 3,5-DIS has a large inductive effect of enzymes with respect to the metabolism of xenobiotics: rise in the rate of Cyt. P 450; increase of ethoxycoumarin deethylase, bilirubin glucuronosyl transferase and benzphetamine-N-demethylase activities. This effect is comparable with that of phenobarbital. PMID- 6220777 TI - [Study of muscular metabolism of ammonia in the posterior limbs of the intact rat]. AB - In order to evaluate the ammonia, glutamine, and alanine muscular uptake and/or release, we have studied the effects of ammonium acetate perfusions, in intact anaesthetized rat hindquarters, by simultaneous measure of blood flow and arterio venous differences of ammonia, glutamine and alanine concentrations. Increasing doses of ammonium acetate perfusions (1.23-2.46-3.69 nmol/mm/100 g b.w.) result in an increase of ammonia rat hindquarters uptake which is correlated with the amount of ammonium infused and the arterial ammonia levels but without significant release or uptake of glutamine or alanine. However these perfusions induce an arterial hyperglutaminemia and hypoalaninemia likely due to extramuscular metabolic changes in these two amino-acids. PMID- 6220778 TI - [Cytogenetic study of Macaca tonkeana]. AB - A cytogenetic study of Macaca tonkeana shows that this species has a karyotype identical with that of Macaca fascicularis although there are sufficient morphological and ecoethological differences for the taxidermists to place these animals into two different species. PMID- 6220779 TI - [Cytogenetic effects of ethylene oxide poisoning]. AB - Mutagenic effects of ethylene oxide have been demonstrated by short-term testing in vitro and in vivo in several organisms. Oncogenic activity in human has been suspected and recently supported by experiments in mice. Exposure can occur during ethylene oxide gas sterilization of medical materials. We have tested effects on chromosomes by evaluative sister chromatids exchange frequency. A statistically significant increase in the rate of SCE has been observed in workers exposed occupationally to ethylene oxide, compared with controls. PMID- 6220780 TI - [Tachycardia induced by a hot bath]. AB - When immersed in plain water at 40 degrees C, normal young adults experience an important increase in the heart rate. beta adrenergic receptor blockade by propranolol (40 and 80 mg) reduces this tachycardia by 25%. The increase in the heart rate depends on orthosympathetic stimulation, on parasympathetic inhibition and on a Q10 effect related to the blood temperature acting on the sino-auricular node. PMID- 6220781 TI - [Cardiovascular changes induced by isometric exercise in aged subjects]. AB - Blood pressure and heart rate during static contraction of forearm muscles holding a tension of 30% maximal voluntary strength for 5 mn have been measured. Eleven young men and 11 elderly male subjects were used. Maximal voluntary strength is reduced by 19% in elderly subjects. Relative mean cardio-vascular responses were unaffected by age. PMID- 6220782 TI - [Inhibition of lysosomal enzyme liberation by indomethacin in vivo]. AB - The volume of the peritoneal exudate induced in the rat by iota carrageenan is reduced by subcutaneous administration of indomethacin while the concentrations of three lysosomial enzymes in the exudate are slightly increased or not modified. Thus, the total enzymatic activities of the exudate are reduced by indomethacin. The leucocyte accumulation remains unchanged in the indomethacin treated rats. During the development of the peritoneal exudate, the circulating plasma displays a high degree of lysosomial enzymes activity which is suppressed by indomethacin at the dose of 4 mg/kg. PMID- 6220783 TI - [Derivatives of arachidonic acid and anaphylactic shock in IgG sensitized rats]. AB - Pretreatment of actively IgG sensitized Wistar rats with indomethacin, diethylcarbamazine or phenidone respectively, does not modify the evolution of the anaphylactic shock. Neither prostaglandins nor leukotrienes seem to play a significant role in the pathogenesis of this vascular collapse. PMID- 6220784 TI - [Lipid heterogeneity in biological membranes. Biophysical approaches to function associated with this heterogeneity]. PMID- 6220785 TI - [Isolation and study of a membrane function, excitability, using artificial lipid membranes]. PMID- 6220786 TI - [Distribution of glucocorticosteroids between free and bound fractions in maternal, fetal, and neonatal plasma in rats, during the perinatal period]. AB - In delivering rats on day 21 of pregnancy, in the afternoon, the free plasma corticosterone concentration is not statistically different from the value found in pregnant females which have not yet delivered at the same stage of pregnancy in the afternoon; moreover there seems to be an equilibrium between maternal and foetal concentrations. In the just expelled newborns, the free plasma corticosterone concentration is much higher than the value found in the littermate foetuses remaining in utero. PMID- 6220787 TI - [Effects of a gonadotropic hormone of teleost fish on the adenylate cyclase of rat ovary and on its stimulation by ovine gonadotropins]. AB - Carp gonadotropin (cGTH) stimulated adenylate cyclase from 20-24 day old (but not 16-18 day old) rat ovaries; its subunits were inactive. Carp GTH (but not its subunits) increased the apparent KD for oFSH but not for oLH. These results suggest that cGTH mainly interacts with FSH sensitive adenylate cyclase-receptor systems, with an efficiency about 6 X 10(3) times lower than oFSH itself. PMID- 6220788 TI - [Effects of exogenous TSH on the thyroid activity of adult or neotenic amphibians]. AB - In adult Anuran and neotenic Urodela, bred in laboratory conditions, the levels of plasma thyroid hormones are undetectable (T3 less than 50 ng/100 ml, T4 less than 5 ng/100 ml). Thyroid function can be reactivated after ovine TSH treatment. Under those conditions, metamorphosis is induced in the axolotl and T4 plasmatic levels reaches 0,53 +/- 0,13 micrograms/100 ml and those of T3 9 +/- 2,64 ng/100 ml. In adult Anuran, thyroid reactivation under thyrotropic treatment determines an increased secretion of T4 whereas T3 remains below the limits of detection of the assay procedure. This aptitude of adult Anuran thyroid to answer thyrotropic stimulation suggests a cyclic function of the gland after metamorphosis. PMID- 6220789 TI - [L and M isoenzymes of hepatic pyruvate kinase and their hormone dependence]. AB - By immunofluorescence and double labelled anti sera L and M pyruvate kinase, there is a double localization of isozymes. It is detected in basal state, in vitro, in isolated hepatocyte, in vivo in experimental or genetic (Zucker rat) hyperinsulinemia or in regenerating liver following partial hepatectomy. It is found in hepatology, in regenerative nodule of cirrhosis and in cancerous cells of liver. This double presence of L and MPK tallies with a specific double hormonodependence: induction of MPK by insulin, and inhibition of LPK by glucagon. PMID- 6220790 TI - [Demonstration of non-histone nuclear proteins in mouse myeloma. Trial comparative study]. AB - The non-histone chromosomal proteins from mouse myeloma cell line X 63-Ag 8.653 have been studied using two dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Our results were compared to previous analysis of other myeloma cell lines. PMID- 6220791 TI - [Effect of veratrine on the hyoglossus and the sartorius of frogs]. AB - We have investigated how veratrine does act on the contraction elicited by the motor nerve of a quick muscle on one side, the frog's sartorius, and of a slow muscle on the other side, the frog's hyoglossus. We have found that the contraction of the slow muscle is increased and lengthened and that its graphic has the shape of the veratrine intoxication, whereas the contraction of the quick muscle does not show the slightest alteration. PMID- 6220792 TI - [Demonstration of olfactory projections and responses within the entorhinal cortex in rats]. AB - An electrophysiological study was performed in rat entorhinal cortex. The results confirmed anatomical data on its connections with olfactory structures. Unit analysis has shown that neurons respond to odours. This area thus appears as an important structure for olfactory projections, possibly relaying these informations to the hippocampus. PMID- 6220793 TI - [Evaluation of the virulence of Trichomonas vaginalis strains by the study of their cytopathogenic effect on cultured cells]. AB - The pathogenicity level of 25 wild strains and 4 clones of Trichomonas vaginalis was evaluated on the observation of rapidity and intensity of cytopathogenic effect occurring in Mac Coy cells culture. It appeared more sensitive, faster and nearer of behaviour and cytopathogenicity in women than subcutaneous and intraperitoneal inoculation to mice. The lack of diffusible exotoxin and the cell adhesiveness of Trichomonas vaginalis observed, suggest that pathogenicity could be in connection with the presence of cell surface receptors. PMID- 6220794 TI - [Functional value of the pancreatic microtransplant in rats after intraductal injection of chloroprene]. AB - Microsurgery permits the carrying out of pancreatic isografts in inbred rats. By this experimental pattern, it is possible to study the technical problems of pancreatic transplantation without interference from the immune reaction. The research of suppressing exocrine function in the graft by intraductal chloroprene injection and the study of the short-term effects of this procedure on endocrine function of the pancreas are the aim of this work. These experiments show that injection of chloroprene into the main pancreatic duct is an effective method of selective suppression of pancreatic exocrine function without interference with endocrine function. This procedure prevents the high mortality and morbidity which characterizes the other procedures with pancreatic juice derivation. PMID- 6220795 TI - [Acute postembolic pulmonary edema in vagotomized rats]. AB - 1. In the rat, pulmonary embolism induced by intravenous administration of gaseous carbon dioxide increases intrapulmonary water content. When the rat is vagotomized before emboli are produced, an important lung edema is found. 2. Strong respiratory stimulation with lung hyperinflation seems to be the cause of this facilitated alveolar transudation. 3. Mechanical factors operating after pulmonary embolism are those which explain transudation after inhalation of hypercapnic gas mixtures in vagotomized rats. PMID- 6220796 TI - [Acid protease expression and regulation in the embryonic proventriculus of birds]. AB - Normal embryonic proventriculi and the heterospecific recombinants of proventricular endoderm and mesenchyme were transplanted onto the chorio allantoic membrane, and electrophoretic patterns of acid proteases in the explants were analyzed. The results demonstrated that the 6-day chick and 5-day quail proventricular endoderm produces acid proteases according to its own genetic information even under the influence of heterospecific mesenchyme, and that the production of acid proteases is regulated by some humoral factors of the hosts. PMID- 6220797 TI - [A preliminary study on the immune function of human red cells]. PMID- 6220798 TI - Keep your back healthy. PMID- 6220799 TI - Mutagen sensitivity of Neurospora meiotic mutants. AB - The Neurospora meiotic mutants, mei-1, mei-2, mei-3, and mei-4 were tested for cross sensitivity to mutagens. Mei-2 and mei-3 are sensitive to MMS, gamma irradiation and histidine. Mei-2 is not sensitive to ultraviolet (UV) at 20 degrees C. Tests with recombinants with crossovers to either side of mei-2 or mei 3 show that these traits are the pleiotropic properties of a single gene which also determines meiotic behavior. The mei-2 gene maps to the right of al-3 on linkage group V. It is not allelic to mus-11. Upon backcrossing, the originally dominant meiotic effect of mei-2 becomes recessive to partially dominant. The histidine sensitivity is recessive. PMID- 6220800 TI - Stimulation of calcium pump activity in heart sarcolemma by timolol. AB - The effects of beta-adrenergic blocking agents, timolol and atenolol (1-1000 microM), were studied on rat heart sarcolemmal ATPase and Ca2+ binding activities. Timolol, unlike atenolol, increased both Ca2+-stimulated ATPase and ATP-dependent Ca2+ binding; the maximal effects were seen at 1 microM concentration of timolol. Both timolol and atenolol did not alter the sarcolemmal Mg2+ ATPase and nonspecific Ca2+ binding activities. Sarcolemmal Ca2+-stimulated ATPase was also activated by concanavalin A (6-66 micrograms/mL) which is known to alter membrane fluidity; however, Mg2+ ATPase was unaffected by this agent. These results indicate that timolol may stimulate Ca2+ pump activity in heart sarcolemma by changing membrane fluidity in a manner similar to that of concanavalin A. PMID- 6220801 TI - Dental care for cancer patients. PMID- 6220803 TI - A perspective of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty. AB - PTA is a relatively new procedure which is still evolving. More technical improvements are needed. Stiffer balloon plastics and devices to measure arterial wall compliance during balloon inflation are predicted to lead to better long term success rates. Increasing case numbers provide greater expertise and subsequent refinements in performance and case selection. These factors will lead to improved statistics. Other features of overall patient care must be considered also. The procedure is easy for patients to tolerate, and they can return to activities and work in three or four days. The overall cost is much cheaper than surgery, even at a conservative success rate of 65 percent. There is minimal risk and morbidity, and virtually no mortality. PTA can be repeated if the lesion recurs. Severe complications are rare and almost always surgically treatable. If PTA fails to achieve success, a traditional surgical procedure can be performed. Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty is an important therapeutic alternative to traditional medical and surgical treatment for occlusive arterial disease. It can save legs, veins, time, and money. We need to refine and accurately record the use of this procedure. Total cooperation among clinicians, surgeons, and radiologists is essential for proper utilization of PTA. PMID- 6220802 TI - Mechanism of synthesis of D-glucans by D-glucosyltransferases from Streptococcus mutans 6715. AB - Two glucosyltransferases from Streptococcus mutans 6715 were purified and separated. One of the glucosyltransferases synthesized an insoluble glucan, and the other, a soluble glucan. The enzymes were immobilized on Bio-Gel P-2 beads, and the mechanism of glucan synthesis was studied by pulse and chase techniques with 14C-sucrose. Label was associated with the immobilized enzymes. The label could be quantitatively released by heating at pH 2. Analysis of the labeled products from the pulse experiment showed labeled glucose and labeled glucan; the chase experiment showed labeled glucan and a significant decrease in labeled glucose. The glucans from the pulse and the chase experiments were separated from glucose by chromatography on Bio-Gel P-6. They were reduced with sodium borohydride, and the products hydrolyzed with acid. Analysis of the labeled products from the reduced and hydrolyzed, pulsed glucans showed labeled glucose and labeled glucitol; label in the glucitol was greatly decreased in the chase experiment. These experiments showed that glucose and glucan were covalently attached to the active site of the enzymes during synthesis, and that the glucose was being transferred to the reducing end of the glucan chain. A mechanism for the synthesis of the glucans is proposed in which there are two catalytic groups on each enzyme that holds glucosyl and glucanosyl units. During synthesis, the glucosyl and glucanosyl units alternate between the two sites, giving elongation of the glucans from the reducing end. The addition of increasing amounts of B 512F dextran to the insoluble-glucan-forming glucosyltransferase produced a decrease in the proportion of insoluble glucan formed and a concomitant increase in a soluble glucan. The total amount of glucan synthesized (soluble plus insoluble) was increased 1.6 times over the amount of insoluble glucan formed when no exogenous dextran was added. It is shown that the addition of B-512F dextran affects the solubility of the synthesized alpha-(1 to 3)-glucan by accepting alpha-(1-3)-glucan chains at various positions along the dextran chain, to give a soluble, graft polymer. PMID- 6220804 TI - Embolization and angioplasty to relieve malignant hypertension and azotemia in a renal transplant patient. AB - The case of a 23-year-old patient with malignant hypertension following a renal transplant illustrates the successful treatment of the hypertension with embolization of the native kidneys. Azotemia followed and was successfully treated with percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of high-grade stenosis at the anastomotic site of the allograft. Malignant hypertension redeveloped with the recanalization of the embolized native kidneys. This was successfully treated with contrast ablation. PMID- 6220805 TI - Evidence for a role of 13S axonemal ATPase in modulation of ciliary microtubule sliding. AB - We recently demonstrated that elevated concentrations (greater than 20 microM) of the dynein substrate MgATP2- inhibit the spontaneous ATP-induced sliding disintegration of isolated, Triton-demembranated Tetrahymena cilia. We have used a turbidimetric assay (delta A350 nm) and electron microscopy to examine the effect of ATP on sliding disintegration when activated by other divalent cations. Mg2+, Ca2+, and Mn2+ are each capable of activating sliding, but only with Mg2+ and Mn2+ is disintegration inhibited by elevated ATP concentrations (greater than or equal to 1 mM). The two major ATPase activities obtained by KCl extraction of Tetrahymena axonemes differ in their cation specificities such that Mg2+ and Ca2+ activate the 21S dynein ATPase with equal efficiency, whereas the 13S axonemal ATPase activity is reduced by approximately 50% when CaATP2- replaces MgATP2- as substrate. With 1 mM MgATP2- as substrate, 10(-7) to 10(-2) M added CaCl2 alleviates the ATP-dependent inhibition of disintegration and likewise represses 13S MgATPase activity. In contrast, free Ca2+ has no effect on either the disintegration response or Mg-ATPase activity. In contrast to Triton-treated cilia, glycerinated cilia, which beat in 1 mM MgATP2-, are inhibited from beating by high CaATP2- concentrations. These substrate specificities suggest that concentration-dependent, substrate inhibition of sliding disintegration may be a manifestation of a physiological mechanism that is mediated by the 13S axonemal ATPase and that may function to modulate sliding during bend formation. However, the effects of added CaCl2 probably do not reflect a physiological mechanism for regulating beat parameters, but rather may result from CaATP2- competing for MgATP2- binding sites on the 13S ATPase, thereby blocking expression of the 13S ATPase. PMID- 6220806 TI - Purification and polypeptide composition of dynein ATPases from Chlamydomonas flagella. AB - Extraction of isolated, demembranated flagellar axonemes of Chlamydomonas reinhardii with 0.6 M KCl solubilized 77-92% of the total axonemal Mg++ or Ca++ ATPase activity, which sedimented as 18S and 12S peaks in sucrose density gradients. The ATPases of these two peaks were further purified by hydroxyapatite (HAP) column chromatography. The ATPase activity of the 18S peak eluted from the HAP column as a single peak coinciding with the protein peak. The HAP purified 18S ATPase had a specific activity of approximately 2.0 +/- 0.5 mumoles Pi hydrolyzed min/mg and was associated with four high molecular weight (HMW) polypeptides of approximately 310,000-340,000 daltons, two intermediate molecular weight (IMW) polypeptides of 78,000 and 69,000 daltons, and eight low molecular weight (LMW) polypeptides of 7,800-19,600 daltons. When the 12S sucrose gradient peak together with a trailing shoulder were chromatographed on HAP, the ATPase activity was eluted in two peaks designated 12S and 10.5S on the basis of the sedimentation properties of their associated polypeptides. The 12S peak contained a single dynein ATPase having a specific activity of approximately 0.6 +/- 0.3 mumoles Pi hydrolyzed min/mg and associated with approximately 330,000-, 21,700-, and 18,100-dalton polypeptides. The 10.5S peak contained several high, intermediate, and low molecular weight polypeptides; of these, one HMW polypeptide and one 28,700-dalton polypeptide correlated well with the ATPase activity. The purified ATPases had no polypeptides in common; each therefore represents a discrete dynein. Based on protein recovered in the purified fractions, 18S dynein represents approximately 9.2% of the total axonemal protein; 12S dynein represents approximately 4.7% of the axonemal protein. PMID- 6220807 TI - Synthesis and assembly of spectrin during avian erythropoiesis: stoichiometric assembly but unequal synthesis of alpha and beta spectrin. AB - The synthesis and assembly of spectrin was investigated in erythroid cells during chicken embryo development. Immunoprecipitation of Triton X-100-soluble and insoluble cytoskeletal fractions with alpha- and beta-spectrin antisera show that, at steady state, alpha and beta spectrin are present in stoichiometric amounts, and exclusively, in the cytoskeleton. However, pulse labeling of cells and in vitro translation of total erythroid cell RNA reveal that alpha spectrin is synthesized in a two to three fold excess over beta spectrin. Pulse-chase experiments show that newly synthesized alpha and beta spectrin are present in both the cytoskeletal and soluble fractions, and that stoichiometric amounts are stably assembled in the cytoskeleton. On the other hand, there is a severalfold excess of alpha relative to beta spectrin in the soluble fraction, both of which turn over with a half-life of 50 min. In cells from 4 day old embryos, more than 80% of the newly synthesized beta spectrin, but only 10% of the alpha spectrin, are present in the cytoskeleton. Thus, early in development, the association of alpha and beta spectrin with the membrane-cytoskeleton may be rate-limited by the amount of beta spectrin synthesized. Later on in erythroid development, progressively lesser proportions of newly synthesized beta spectrin are present in the cytoskeleton, suggesting that during development, the rate of association of beta spectrin with the membrane-cytoskeleton becomes limited by some other membrane-cytoskeletal component. PMID- 6220808 TI - Studies on the properties of P1 site-specific recombination: evidence for topologically unlinked products following recombination. AB - Bacteriophage P1 encodes its own site-specific recombination system consisting of a site at which recombination takes place called loxP and a recombinase called Cre. A number of lambda and plasmid substrates containing two loxP sites have been constructed. Using these substrates we have shown both in vivo and in vitro that a fully functional loxP site is composed of no more than 60 bp. In vitro, when an extract containing Cre is used, recombination between loxP sites on supercoiled, nicked-circle or linear DNA occurs efficiently. The most surprising result from the in vitro studies is that 50% of the products of recombination between loxP sites on a supercoiled DNA substrate are present as free supercoiled circles. The ability to produce free products starting with a supercoiled substrate suggests a rather unique property of Cre-mediated lox recombination, the implications of which are discussed in terms of possible effects of the protein on the topology of the DNA molecule. PMID- 6220809 TI - Human T lymphocytes in aging and malignancy: abnormalities in PHA-induced Ia antigen expression and in functional activity in autologous and allogeneic MLR. AB - T lymphocytes from patients with solid tumors and from aged donors are abnormal in their expression of Ia antigens following in vitro stimulation with phytohemagglutinin (PHA). Ia antigens were not detected on PHA-activated T lymphocytes from 15 of 27 patients with solid tumors. The abnormality in T lymphocytes from 25 donors older than 60 years was evidenced by a reduction in the percentage of T cells acquiring Ia antigens following stimulation with suboptimal amounts of PHA and by a delayed appearance of those antigens. In both groups of donors the defect in Ia antigen expression by PHA-activated T cells did not correlate with the reduced [3H]thymidine uptake. PHA-activated T cells from aged donors and from patients with solid tumors were poorly stimulatory in autologous and allogenic mixed lymphocyte reactions. Furthermore, T lymphocytes from these two groups of donors displayed a reduced proliferative response to autologous non-T cells, but a normal proliferative response to allogeneic PHA activated T cells and to non-T cells from control subjects. PMID- 6220810 TI - Inhibition of murine suppressor cell function by progesterone. AB - The effects of progesterone on murine suppressor cell function generated in allogeneic MLCs were investigated. BALB/c splenic lymphocytes stimulated in vitro with C3H/He cells significantly suppressed the proliferative response of BALB/c lymphocytes in a secondary MLC. This suppression was highly specific for the sensitizing alloantigens since the suppressor cells had no effect on the proliferative response of BALB/c lymphocytes to third-party alloantigens. In addition, BALB/c lymphocytes stimulated with syngeneic cells were observed to nonspecifically suppress the MLC response to a lesser extent. One to 10 micrograms/ml progesterone added at initiation to suppressor cell generating cultures diminished the ability of both alloantigen specific and nonspecific suppressor cell populations to suppress the proliferative response of homologous lymphocytes to alloantigens. Experiments with pyrilamine, an antihistamine, which blocks cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) generation, suggests that progesterone has a direct inhibitory effect on suppressor cell function independent of its ability to block CTL induction. The effects of progesterone on suppressor cells were not due to shifts in peak response time in MLC or induction of radiosensitive cells in progesterone-treated cultures. Estradiol at doses between 5 and 10 micrograms/ml, and cortisol at dose of 1 microgram/ml, also significantly inhibited suppressor cell function. These results suggest that the steroid hormone milieu within the placenta may effect the activity of allogeneic or nonspecific suppressor cell activity. PMID- 6220811 TI - Inhibition of the graft-versus-host response by BCGcw-induced suppressor cells or prostaglandin E1. AB - Immunization of C57BL/6 mice with BCGcw stimulated a population of "suppressor cells" which had a decreased capacity to induce the graft-versus-host response. The graft-versus-host response was quantitated using the Simonsen splenomegaly assay. F1 mice (C57BL/6 X CBA) were inoculated intraperitoneally with 1 X 10(8) parental (C57BL/6) or (CBA) spleen cells. The F1 mice were sacrificed 13 days later and the resulting splenomegaly was 3-4 times the normal amount. F1 mice which were injected with parental BCGcw-primed C57BL/6 spleen cells had a 50% inhibition of splenomegaly, whereas BCGcw-primed CBA spleen cells (a strain which does not develop suppressor cells) did not show this inhibition. In vitro results also confirmed that only C57BL/6 mice and not CBA mice developed suppressor cells after BCGcw immunization. A second study showed that X-irradiated (1000 R) BCGcw primed "suppressor cells" could inhibit splenomegaly caused by the inoculation of normal parental C57BL/6 cells into F1 mice. The mechanism by which BCGcw-primed "suppressor cells" caused this inhibition of splenomegaly was delineated and found to be dependent upon the secretion of prostaglandin (PGE-1). Indomethacin and aspirin, potent inhibitors of prostaglandin synthesis, blocked the activity of C57BL/6 BCGcw "suppressor cells" and splenomegaly resulted. Systemic administration of the prostaglandin (15S)-15-methyl PGE-1 reduced splenomegaly approximately 50% in F1 mice which were injected with C57BL/6 or CBA cells. These results indicated that immunization with BCGcw stimulated a population of "suppressor cells" which could cause a decrease in graft-versus-host response and that the secretion of prostaglandin was responsible for this inhibition. PMID- 6220812 TI - Chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) as a model for scleroderma. I. Description of model systems. AB - A model murine system of chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) was explored to determine its suitability for studying scleroderma-like syndromes. The basic protocol was to inject lymphoid cell suspensions into irradiated semiallogeneic or allogeneic recipients which had been irradiated. Serial body weights, skin biopsies, and anti-nuclear antibodies were followed. Changes seen in the skin included increased collagen deposition, a mononuclear infiltrate deep in the dermis, loss of dermal fat, and "dropout" of skin appendages such as hair follicles. Body weight loss was a sensitive index of GVHD. Anti-nuclear antibodies occurred at times, but did not correlate with the tissue changes in the skin of mice undergoing GVHD. This chronic GVHD syndrome was produced across major and minor histocompatibility barriers. The most consistent findings were seen in BALB/c recipients of B10.D2 cells. These strains are nonreactive in unprimed mixed-leukocyte cultures. This combination represents primarily a GVH reaction against minor antigens where the HVG reaction is suppressed by irradiation. Some data suggest that the cutaneous changes may be reversible with time. PMID- 6220813 TI - Inhibition of human antigen-induced lymphoblastoid B-cell function by an in vivo induced suppressor T cell. AB - Lymphoblastoid (LB) B cells which spontaneously produce antitetanus toxoid IgG antibodies (Tet-IgG) in short-term cultures (3 days) appear in the circulation 5 7 days after immunization with tetanus toxoid. Addition of pokeweed mitogen (PWM), normally a stimulator of antibody production, caused instead a reduction in the in vitro synthesis of Tet-IgG by the LB cells. In order for this inhibition of antibody production to occur, T cells had to be present, and the inhibition was proportional to the number of T cells added to the culture, demonstrating the existence of PWM-inducible suppressor cells. The cells mediating the suppression had the OKT8 phenotype and also exhibited the following characteristics: (1) a PWM pretreatment period as little as 14 hr was enough to complete activation; (2) conventional inhibitors of suppressor T cells as hydrocortisone and cyclosporin A only partially reversed its effect; and (3) DNA synthesis was not required. The T-suppressor activity was detectable in the circulation before immunization, increased two- to fourfold by 5-12 days after boosting, and waned after 3 weeks. The mechanism of action of this suppression does not appear to involve conventional cytotoxic T cells as (1) the suppression was mediated across allogeneic barriers and (2) the suppression could not be reversed by inclusion of anti-Leu-2a antibodies in the culture. These results suggest that this suppressor T-cell subset may be important in the normal regulation of activated stages of human B lymphocytes. PMID- 6220814 TI - ABA-specific helper T cells in A/J mice bear the major cross-reactive idiotype. AB - Attempts were made to induce azobenzenearsonate (ABA)-specific helper cell responses in A/J mice. These were measured by an increase in TNP plaque-forming cells following administration of the double hapten conjugate ABA-bovine serum albumin-TNP. Immunization with ABA coupled homologous immunoglobulin or spleen cells produced ABA-specific help only when the same carrier was used to boost. Hapten-specific help was achieved by two injections of ABA-N-acetyltyrosine in complete Freund's adjuvant 5 weeks apart. This help was passively transferable by T cells as shown by its elimination with anti-Thy 1.2 serum and complement treatment. The presence of the major ABA cross-reactive idiotype (CRI) on these T helper cells could be similarly shown by the elimination of help when the cells were treated with rabbit anti-CRI antibody and complement prior to passive transfer. The same treatment did not effect ABA-specific helper activity of CBA/J mice. PMID- 6220815 TI - Cyclic expression of low-dose paralysis. AB - Prior treatment (priming) with a single injection of a subimmunogenic dose of Type III pneumococcal polysaccharide results in an antigen-specific T-cell dependent form of unresponsiveness (low-dose paralysis) mediated by suppressor T cells. Although such unresponsiveness persists for several months after priming, it is expressed in a cyclic manner with a periodicity of about 3 days. This cyclic pattern is accompanied by concurrent periods of Velban sensitivity that also are cyclic. This suggests that the maintenance of low-dose paralysis in part requires some degree of cell proliferation which proceeds in an ordered manner in response to a "signal" generated after priming with antigen. PMID- 6220816 TI - OKT4/8 ratio in the blood and in the graft during episodes of human renal allograft rejection. AB - We have analyzed the frequency of T helper (Th) and T suppressor/killer (Ts/k) lymphocytes in the blood and in the renal allograft during episodes of rejection and during quiescence. Monoclonal OKT4 and OKT8 antibodies were used to mark the Th and Ts/k cells, respectively. Density centrifugation-separated mononuclear leukocytes and FACS IV cell sorter or the Staphylococcus aureus rosette assay were used to determine the ratio in the blood, with concordant results. Fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) and the Staph. assay were used to demonstrate the lymphocyte subtypes in the graft. The mean OKT4/8 ratio in the blood was significantly lower in the transplant recipients than in healthy controls (1.1 +/ 0.7 vs 1.8 +/- 0.2, respectively, P = 0.000). The individual variation was, however, high and no correlation between the OKT4/8 ratio in the blood and the inflammatory episodes in situ was observed. During 19 of the 25 episodes of inflammation, the dominant lymphocyte subtype in the graft was the Ts/k cell. In the remaining six cases it was the Th cell. All rejection episodes of the former type were reversible, in the latter type, four out of six were irreversible. PMID- 6220817 TI - Actin behaviour in doxorubicin treatment. AB - The inhibition of neural tube closure in early chick embryos explanted in vitro by New's technique was used as a model to study the possible involvement of actin polymerization during doxorubicin treatment. The investigation was performed with indirect immunofluorescence staining, fluorescence staining with NBD-Ph, and DNase I inhibition activity. 8 x 10(-6) M doxorubicin induces alteration in the distribution of actin fluorescence on neural tube and in CEF cell cytoskeleton, and an appreciable increase in the critical concentration of monomeric actin as measured in cell extracts. PMID- 6220818 TI - Clonal growth of primary cultures of human hyaline chondrocytes in a defined medium. AB - Rapid clonal growth of primary cultures of human costal chondrocytes in a defined medium has been achieved. The basal nutrient medium used for such growth is MCDB 104. It is prepared without linoleic acid and supplemented with 1 microgram/ml insulin, 100 ng/ml fibroblast growth factor, 1.0 x 10(-7) M dexamethasone, and 5 micrograms/ml mixed lipids, presented to the cells in the form of liposomes. The lipid supplement contains soybean lecithin, cholesterol, sphingomyelin, vitamin E, and vitamin E acetate. No expression of cartilage-like differentiation occurs in the defined medium. However, colonies grown for several days in the defined medium and then grown for an additional period of time in medium F12 supplemented with fetal bovine serum and chicken embryo extract synthesize large amounts of refractile matrix that is stained intensely by acidified alcian green, thus demonstrating that the cells growing in the defined medium are capable of expressing cartilage matrix in a permissive environment. Good clonal growth and expression of differentiation can also be obtained by inoculating primary cultures of human chondrocytes directly into the F12-serum-embryo extract medium. PMID- 6220819 TI - [A simple method for the determination of hemolytic activity of complement with the possibility for automation]. PMID- 6220820 TI - [Methods for detecting enterotoxins of enterotoxigenic E. coli. Review]. PMID- 6220821 TI - [Problems of standardizing the density of antigens for the Leptospira microagglutination test]. PMID- 6220822 TI - [The effect of synthetic pyrethroids on the mosquito, Culex pipiens pipiens]. PMID- 6220823 TI - [Food poisoning in Czechoslovakia from 1977 to 1981]. PMID- 6220824 TI - [Cefoperazone--activity in vitro]. PMID- 6220825 TI - [Determination of tetanus antibodies by the ELISA method]. PMID- 6220826 TI - [Facultatively pathogenic microbes in the intestines]. PMID- 6220827 TI - [Mercurimetric determination of cephalosporins]. PMID- 6220828 TI - [Studies on resources of Crataegus plants of the northeast district]. PMID- 6220830 TI - [On the preparation of dosage-forms of Ramulus uncariae cum uncis]. PMID- 6220831 TI - [Detection of arsenic-trioxide in the Niuhuang Jiedu tablet]. PMID- 6220832 TI - [The relationship between root growth and the cryptotanshinone content of Salvia miltiorrhiza]. PMID- 6220833 TI - [Studies on Chinese Curcuma. III. Comparison of the volatile oil and phenolic constituents from the rhizoma and the tuber of Curcuma longa]. PMID- 6220834 TI - [Isolation and identification of fisetin in Cotinus coggygria]. PMID- 6220836 TI - [Pharmacological study on effect of Panax ginseng on 2,3-diphosphoglycerate of the red cell]. PMID- 6220837 TI - [Comparative studies on certain pharmacological actions of several ginsengs]. PMID- 6220838 TI - [Domestic survey of the studies of Chinese drugs capable of blood lipid reduction in China]. PMID- 6220841 TI - Health visitor services for families with a Down's syndrome infant. PMID- 6220842 TI - Solid-phase radioimmunoassay of fragment D of human fibrinogen by use of a low affinity monoclonal antibody. AB - Increased concentrations of plasmin-catalyzed degradation products of fibrin and fibrinogen in body fluids have been correlated with many disease states. We have developed monoclonal antibodies that react with one of these products, fragment D. Antibodies binding fragment D but not fibrinogen were found to have low affinity constants (Ka = 10(7) L/mol). A double monoclonal-antibody assay was developed in which a specific antibody attached to Sepharose beads is used to concentrate fragment D selectively from a test sample. Fragment D bound to the washed beads was then quantified with a high affinity (Ka = 10(10) L/mol) monoclonal antibody that reacts equally well with fragment D and fibrinogen. This solid-phase assay is shown to be specific and about 10-fold more sensitive than a standard liquid-phase competition radioimmunoassay in which the same antibody was used. PMID- 6220843 TI - Sister chromatid exchange and lymphocyte proliferation in a Down syndrome mosaic. AB - The number of SCE was compared in the normal and trisomic cell lines of a trisomy 21 mosaic case. It was found that in the trisomic cells the SCE-frequency was twice as high as in the normal cells. The mitoses with high numbers of SCE (above 10) were increased 4-5 fold. Differential chromatid staining also allowed us to determine the mitotic cycle of the mitoses. The percentage of mitoses from the fourth or a later mitotic cycle was significantly higher in the trisomic cell line than in the normal one. From this result, it can be concluded that the cell cycle time was distinctly shortened in the cells with trisomy 21. PMID- 6220844 TI - Multiple pyogenic granulomas in secondarily infected cystic acne. PMID- 6220845 TI - Acne excoriee: a protective device. PMID- 6220846 TI - Porokeratosis of Mibelli and immune complex glomerulonephritis. PMID- 6220847 TI - The involvement of interdigitating (antigen-presenting) cells in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Macrophage like cells expressing high concentrations of HLA-DR antigen have been identified in situ within the synovium of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. The characteristics of these cells have been determined using immunohistological analysis and combined cytochemical techniques. It was found that the majority (greater than 80%) of these cells were interspersed within the perivascular lymphocytic infiltrates occurring in the synovium. These cells did not stain with antisera against surface immunoglobulin or any Mc Abs to T lymphocyte markers. Further combined staining demonstrated that the HLA-DR + ve cells did stain with an anti-monocyte monoclonal (FMC-17), but could not be stained with a Mc Ab against C3b receptors. The interfacing of cytochemical reactions for acid phosphatase (ACP) and adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) with immunofluorescence staining for HLA-DR demonstrated that these cells were ACP - ve ATPase + ve. This analysis led to the conclusion that the HLA-DR + ve cells found in abundance in the rheumatoid synovium expressed identical characteristics to the interdigitating cells of the normal lymph node paracortex. The possible significance of the presence of large numbers of such antigen presenting cells in the rheumatoid synovium is discussed. PMID- 6220848 TI - Complement-mediated inhibition of immune precipitation in patients with immune complex diseases. AB - The ability of human sera to prevent the precipitation of antigen-antibody complexes has been investigated. The early complement components including C3 are required for optimal prevention of immune precipitation, whereas the later components are not required. The sera of 36 of 75 patients with seropositive rheumatoid arthritis (RA), 14 of 32 with SLE and four of 17 with glomerulonephritis exhibited reduced capacities to prevent immune precipitation. In contrast sera from patients with seronegative RA, ankylosing spondylitis, psoriatic arthritis or degenerative joint disease were normal in this respect. In SLE and GN sera hypocomplementaemia was frequently associated but not always with failure to prevent immune precipitation, whereas only a small proportion of the patients with seropositive RA and reduced capacity to retain complexes in a soluble form were hypocomplementaemic. Thus the failure of sera to prevent the precipitation of antigen-antibody complexes is not always associated with hypocomplementaemia. PMID- 6220849 TI - Depletion of lymphocytes with membrane markers of helper phenotype: a feature of acute and chronic drug-induced immunosuppression. AB - T cell subsets tested with markers for Fc receptors for Ig (TM, TG and EAhu rosettes) or monoclonal antibodies (T4 and T8 lymphocytes) were investigated both in normal volunteers and in kidney transplant recipients with a well functioning graft and receiving low immunosuppressive therapy, before and 4 hr after administration of 100 mg of hydrocortisone. Hydrocortisone induced a redistribution which was characterized by a decrease in the percentages of TM (38 +/- 2.4 before; 22 +/- 2.9 after; P less than 0.0005) and T4 (48 +/- 2.6 before; 35.8 +/- 2.7 after; P less than 0.0025) lymphocytes. Transplanted patients under chronic immunosuppression already disclosed a reduction of the percentages of TM (19.4 +/- 2.6; P less than 0.005) and T4 (41.1 +/- 3.6; P less than 0.05) lymphocytes before the administration of hydrocortisone when compared to the values obtained in normals. Moreover, significant decrease of percentages of TM lymphocytes (19.4 +/- 2.6 before; 12.8 +/- 2.6 after; P less than 0.01) were obtained after hydrocortisone injection. In contrast, T8, TG and EAhu rosettes percentages were characterized by a relative resistance to immunosuppressive agents--the only exception being TG lymphocytes in transplant recipients. It is concluded that TM and T4 depletion is a common feature of acute and chronic drug induced immunosuppression, suggesting that helper-inducer cells are important targets for immunosuppressive therapy. PMID- 6220850 TI - Is Fleming's lysozyme an analgesic agent? Experiments on mice. AB - 1. Antinociceptive activity of hen egg white lysozyme (Fleming's lysozyme) was determined against abdominal contractions provoked by irritants injected intraperitoneally into mice. Carrageenan (2 mg) (CA) injected with arachidonic acid (15 micrograms) (AA) or prostaglandins PGE1 or PGF2 alpha (0.04 ng), brewer's yeast (10 mg), caolin (10 mg), mepartricin (80 U) and phenylquinone (50 micrograms) were used as irritants. 2. Lysozyme was active at 400-800 mg/kg i.v. against CA + AA, CA + PG, brewer's yeast and caolin nociceptive stimulation. The compound was more effective against CA + AA than against CA + PG. Acetylsalicylic acid at 50-100-200 mg/kg p.o. was equally active against CA + AA and CA + PG. 3. Lysozyme was inactive in the tail pinch and hot plate tests that mainly detect central analgesics. 4. The results are discussed in relation to the claim advanced years ago that lysozyme is an effective analgesic agent in humans. The compound was found active against herpes zoster or cancer pain but did not find use despite the favourable reports presented. 5. The experimental results obtained on laboratory animals do not contradict the conclusions drawn after the clinical use of the compound. PMID- 6220851 TI - The human dorsal spinocerebellar tract: myelinated fiber spectrum and fiber density in controls, autosomal dominant spinocerebellar atrophy, Huntington's chorea, radiation myelopathy, and diseases with peripheral sensory nerve involvement. AB - The human dorsal spinocerebellar tract (DSCT) was evaluated morphometrically in 14 control cases of different age and sex using semithin sections of epon embedded cross sections from the C3, T5, and T10 segments of the spinal cord. A bimodal fiber spectrum was revealed with one peak at 2-3 microns, and a second, broader peak at about 6-8 microns. Fiber density at C3 was 11,188 fibers/mm2 and at T5, 11,156 fibers/mm2. Regression analysis relating fiber density to age disclosed a highly significant loss of myelinated fibers at T5 amounting to about 2.5% per decade. A severe reduction of fiber density and a distinct change in the fiber spectrum with predominant loss of large myelinated fibers were noted in a case of autosomal dominant spinocerebellar atrophy with late onset, and, to a lesser degree, in a case of Huntington's chorea. A subtotal loss of fibers with a persistent normal distribution of fiber sizes was observed rostral to a focus of severe radiation myelopathy, indicating Wallerian degeneration of large numbers of fibers, and a reduction of fiber diameters caudal to the lesion, suggesting retrograde fiber change. By contrast, no primary or transneural changes in the DSCT were detected in six cases of long-term alcoholism, carcinomatous sensory neuropathy, and neurofibromatosis in spite of the involvement of numerous nerve roots. PMID- 6220853 TI - Scintigraphic appearance of the tibia in the early stages following fracture. AB - A scintigraphic study of the human tibia in the early stages following fracture of the shaft was carried out to investigate the condition of the blood supply of the main fracture fragments. Using a gamma camera and 99mTc-MDP, scintigraphs were obtained from less than 24 hours to 21 days after injury. A generalized increase in tracer uptake was found in the tibia in all cases. In some cases very early after injury there was an additional local increase at the fracture site. In 10% of cases "cold spots" were observed, which may indicate an impaired blood supply to bone tissue adjacent to the fracture. Neither the presence of a "cold spot" nor any other scintigraphic feature could be correlated with the progress or time to fracture union. PMID- 6220852 TI - The pathology of the human locus ceruleus. AB - The number of nerve cells of locus ceruleus and their nucleolar volume were determined in 63 normally aged individuals and in 41 cases with neurologic diseases. Pathologic alterations, such as a severe nerve cell loss and atrophy with or without extensive neurofibrillary degeneration or Lewy body formation, were generally seen in the nucleus locus ceruleus in Alzheimer's disease, Down's syndrome, dementia pugilistica, Parkinson's disease, and progressive supranuclear palsy, but such changes were only slight in normally aged individuals and minimal in motor neuron disease. Protein synthetic capacity was substantially reduced in the remaining nerve cells of the locus ceruleus, in Alzheimer's disease, Down's syndrome, and dementia pugilistica, but was unaltered in normally aged individuals (even in extreme old age), in motor neuron disease, and in the few remaining cells in Parkinson's disease and progressive supranuclear palsy. It is suggested that the pathologic alterations in the locus ceruleus found in these diseases, in conjunction with changes in the hypothalamus, lead to impairment of mental ability with eventual dementia through disturbance of the function of those pathways regulating homeostasis within the central nervous system. PMID- 6220854 TI - Use of radionuclide method in preoperative and intraoperative diagnosis of osteoid osteoma of the spine. Case report. AB - A 24-year-old man with persistent low back pain and right sciatica, was found to have an osteoid osteoma of the right pedicle of the second lumbar vertebra. 99mTc MDP bone scan and CAT scan produced an early diagnosis of the lesion. Intraoperative 99mTc-MDP in vitro combined with imaging and quantitative activity measurements were useful for accurate localization and complete removal. The method is simple and can be performed in every nuclear medicine department, with no need for special operating room facilities. PMID- 6220855 TI - Sequential radionuclide bone imaging in avascular pediatric hip conditions. AB - Radionuclide bone imaging was performed on six patients with various hip conditions. Initial bone images revealed diminished uptake of isotope 99mTc-MDP in the capital femoral epiphysis. Following therapeutic intervention, repeat bone scans revealed normal uptake of 99mTc-MDP in the capital femoral epiphysis. Subsequent radiographs revealed that avascular necrosis had not occurred. There are two types of avascularity: the potentially reversible, and the irreversible. Attempts should be made toward early recognition of the potentially reversible avascular insult. With early recognition, surgical reconstruction prior to osteophyte death may result in revascularization. If this can be accomplished, avascular necrosis can be avoided. PMID- 6220856 TI - Scaling scalp diseases in children. AB - Scaling scalp diseases in 142 children were evaluated. Included were seborrheic dermatitis, atopic dermatitis, tinea capitis, and psoriasis. Clinical signs were noted, and various treatments were then undertaken. Patients with seborrheic dermatitis responded well to treatment with antiseborrheic shampoo and topical corticosteroids. Atopic disease was more resistant to treatment, but did improve with less frequent shampooing and twice daily topical corticosteroid application. Selenium shampoo was a useful adjunct in the treatment of tinea capitis (cultures became negative at two weeks compared to persistent positivity in other treatment groups). PMID- 6220857 TI - Gastroesophageal reflux in association with congenital heart disease. AB - The clinical course of 19 infants with severe respiratory symptoms associated with the presence of both congenital heart disease and gastroesophageal reflux is described. Down Syndrome or central nervous system disease was present in 12 of the 19 infants. The identification of reflux as a major or additional cause of the respiratory complications was often overlooked. Medical therapy alone was successful in only one of the 19 patients. Early repair or palliation of the cardiac malformation with or without subsequent antireflux surgical procedure was associated with relief of the symptoms in 13 patients. PMID- 6220858 TI - Nonlinear mezlocillin kinetics due to dose-dependent metabolism. AB - Dose-dependent kinetics of intravenous bolus-dose mezlocillin, a newly developed ureidopenicillin, have been reported by several investigators. In eight healthy subjects we examined renal, biliary, and total clearance at different steady state levels. After infusion of doses of 22.4 +/- 1.5, 11.4 +/- 0.7, and 5.6 +/- 0.4 mg/min mean plasma steady-state levels of 88.4 +/- 15.9, 40.3 +/- 7.5, and 18.4 +/- 4.6 micrograms/ml were achieved. Metabolic clearance was estimated as the difference between total clearance and the sum of renal and biliary clearance, assuming that no other route of excretion plays an important role in the elimination of the drug. Total clearance varied between 355.7 +/- 59.3 and 286.5 +/- 54.6 ml/min when doses of 5.6 +/- 0.4 and 22.4 +/- 1.5 mg/min were given. Since neither renal clearance (137.6 +/- 32.6 ml/min) nor biliary clearance (98.6 +/- 42.5 ml/min) was shown to be dose dependent, nonlinear mezlocillin kinetics must be due to dose dependent metabolic clearance (108.4 +/- 26.2 versus 60.2 +/- 32.3 ml/min at 5.6 +/- 0.4 and 22.4 +/- 1.5 mg/min). The apparent Km was 27.5 micrograms/ml and apparent Vmax 4.3 mg/min. The apparent Km is so low that after therapeutic doses of mezlocillin the kinetics are nonlinear for several hours. PMID- 6220859 TI - Radiographic examination of the lumbosacral spine: an 'age-stratified' study. AB - Of a total of 99 922 radiological requests, 3.3% were for examinations of the lumbosacral spine. An 'age-stratified' study of 657 females aged 15-44 years referred for lumbosacral examination was carried out. 17.3% were referred because of trauma, with a total fracture incidence of 4.1% as compared with 9.5% in the other age-sex groups. Analysis of the other reasons for referral and the radiological diagnoses showed that 80% of all referrals were for more or less non specific reasons, summarised as lower-back pain; an equal percentage of the radiological diagnoses indicated that there was either no lesion or a lesion which did not influence management. PMID- 6220860 TI - Recognition and management of pulmonary hypertension. AB - Pulmonary hypertension is a common manifestation of many diverse diseases. In most cases, the cause of elevated pulmonary arterial pressure is apparent on the basis of history, physical examination, chest x-ray, and ancillary noninvasive tests such as blood gases, pulmonary function tests, or echocardiography. Occasionally, more invasive tests such as cardiac catheterization and pulmonary angiography may be necessary. In those patients in whom no cause can be found, the pulmonary hypertension is labeled as primary or idiopathic. Effective therapy exists for alleviating pulmonary hypertension in most cases of secondary pulmonary hypertension. The prognosis of patients with primary pulmonary hypertension is dismal, although encouraging reports are beginning to appear regarding the use of vasodilators. PMID- 6220861 TI - Dermatitis from propolis. AB - 22 patients with dermatitis from propolis were studied. In all the 21 tests with propolis were positive, and in 19 they were also positive to balsam of Peru. The chromatogram of the balsam and propolis show marked similarity and 3 identical peaks could be recognised in both substances. Among the patients sensitive to balsam of Peru and propolis, 12 were tested with some common components; 3 were positive to cinnamyl cinnamate, 2 to vanillin and 1 to benzyl cinnamate. Chromatograms of the 3 propolis samples from the Warsaw region were very similar, but not identical. Some of the patients were tested with 35 essential oils and eugenol. Sensitivity to clove oil was common. PMID- 6220862 TI - Fibreglass dermatitis in employees of a project-office in a new building. PMID- 6220863 TI - Glutaraldehyde occupational dermatitis. PMID- 6220864 TI - Contact allergy to N-hydroxyphthalimide. PMID- 6220865 TI - Dermatitis from phenyl glycidyl ether. PMID- 6220866 TI - Are you listening? Water electrolyte imbalance. PMID- 6220867 TI - Change with age in limbal conjunctival epithelial Langerhans cells. AB - The distribution of Langerhans cells (LC) in corneal and conjunctival epithelial flat mounts obtained from outbred albino Swiss-Webster mice of various ages was examined by histochemical methods. The LC stain positively with ATPase and were negative to DOPA-oxidase. Mouse pup limbal conjunctival epithelium showed one or two LC/mm2. LC began to significantly increase in number by day 31 and ranged from 150-205/mm2 in 7-48 week old mice. A slight decrease in LC was seen in 12 and 24 month old mice. PMID- 6220868 TI - Current contact news. Hydroquinone uses and abnormal reactions. PMID- 6220869 TI - Localized comedones following radiation therapy. PMID- 6220870 TI - Effects of treatment with erythromycin 1.5 percent topical solution or clindamycin phosphate 1.0 percent topical solution on P. acnes counts and free fatty acid levels. AB - Twenty healthy subjects (7 men and 13 women) with average baseline P. acnes counts equal to or greater than 1.0 x 10(5) were treated twice a day for eleven days in a randomized, double-blind study with either erythromycin 1.5 percent topical solution or clindamycin phosphate 1.0 percent topical solution. P. acnes counts and free fatty acid (FFA) measurements were performed before treatment, and on Days 4 and 11 of treatment. Statistically significant reductions in P. acnes counts were produced in both groups over the course of the study. There were no statistically significant changes in FFA, free fatty acid/fatty ester (FFA/FE) ratios or triglyceride levels. With erythromycin there were greater reductions in FFA and FFA/FE ratios and greater increases in triglycerides than with the clindamycin group, but the differences between the treatment groups were not significant. No adverse reactions were reported. PMID- 6220872 TI - A parent's view. PMID- 6220871 TI - Comparative effects of chlorozotocin and BCNU on hematopoietic precursor cells. AB - Comparative studies to determine the suppressive effects of chlorozotocin (2-[3 (2-chloroethyl)-3-nitrosoureido]-D-glucopyranose) and BCNU (1,3-bis[2 chloroethyl]-1-nitrosourea) on mouse and human hematopoietic precursor cells: granulocyte-macrophage precursor cells (CFU-gm), late erythroid precursor cells (CFU-e), and early erythroid precursor cells (BFU-e) were performed after in vitro incubation of 1 h with drug concentrations based on clinical administration levels. The suppressive effect of chlorozotocin on CFU-gm, BFU-e, and CFU-e hematopoietic precursor cells in the mouse was less than that of BCNU with the most significant difference seen in CFU-e colony formation. For human hematopoietic progenitor cells, however, the suppressive effect of chlorozotocin was far less than that of BCNU. When the effects of 40 micrograms/ml of chlorozotocin and 20 micrograms/ml of BCNU on human marrow were compared, there were statistically significant differences found for CFU-gm colony formation, and BFU-e and CFU-e colony numbers were significantly different for the two drugs at all comparable concentrations tested. Our results confirm the clinical data, and establish that the effects of chlorozotocin on human hematopoietic precursor cells are minimal. PMID- 6220873 TI - A teacher's view. PMID- 6220874 TI - [Stress distribution in the lumbosacral spine during application of axial pressure]. PMID- 6220875 TI - [Preliminary studies on suppressor cell function in viral hepatitis B]. PMID- 6220876 TI - Conformations and flexibilities of histones and high mobility group (HMG) proteins in chromatin structure and function. AB - The packaging of the enormous lengths of eukaryotic DNA into the different conformational states of chromosomes is controlled very largely by an equal total mass of the histones, H1, H2A, H2B, H3 and H4. Histone sequences, sequence conservations, postsynthetic chemical modifications and studies of histone conformations and interactions show clearly that histones are multi-domain proteins. The N-terminal domains of all histones and the C-terminal domains of H1, H2A and H2B are flexible random coils, while the C-terminal regions of H3 and H4 and the central regions of H1, H2A and H2B are structured. Histones H3 and H4 are essential for nucleosome structure and interact with DNA to give the nucleus of the nucleosome structure, which is completed by interactions of the conserved structured regions of (H2A, H2B) dimers and H1. The flexible domains of all the histones are very basic and contain all the sites of reversible chemical modifications: acetylation of lysines in the core histones and phosphorylation of serines and threonines in histone H1. Strict correlations have been observed (i) between acetylation and DNA processing and (ii) between H1 phosphorylation and chromosome condensation. In addition to histone acetylation, active chromatin is also associated with high mobility group (HMG) proteins 14 and 17. These proteins are completely flexible under all solution conditions and their native structures must be imposed by their binding sites in active chromatin. The function of flexibility in these chromosomal proteins is not understood but is probably related to the enormous lengths of DNA which have to be controlled in the structures and function of chromosomes. PMID- 6220877 TI - High prevalence of echocardiographic abnormalities in diabetic youths. AB - M-mode echocardiography was performed on 107 young insulin-dependent diabetic subjects aged 2-24 yr (mean +/- SE: 13.8 +/- 0.4 yr) and 636 age-group matched controls. All patients were normotensive and free of cardiorespiratory symptoms. Diabetic patients showed a high prevalence of echocardiographic abnormalities that increased with age. Mean dimensions of the left atrium, right ventricle, and left ventricle (systolic and diastolic) were increased significantly in diabetic individuals (P less than 0.01). Hypertrophy of the interventricular septum was present in some patients older than 12 yr of age. Mean interventricular septum excursion was markedly decreased in diabetic individuals compared with controls (3.9 +/- 0.1 mm versus 5.6 +/- 0.2 mm, respectively; P less than 0.01). Fifteen percent of the diabetic patients but none of the controls had septal excursions less than 3 mm (2 SD below mean). Patients with decreased septal excursions showed a higher prevalence of other echocardiographic abnormalities than patients with normal septal excursions. Echocardiographic abnormalities did not correlate with either duration of diabetes or glucose control as assessed by hemoglobin A1c and plasma glucose concentrations at the time of echocardiographic testing. The results show a high prevalence of echocardiographic abnormalities in young diabetic subjects that may represent preclinical cardiomyopathy. PMID- 6220878 TI - Association of type I (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus, autoimmunity, antinuclear antibody, and membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis. AB - In a large series of patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus who were screened for autoantibodies, two patients were positive for antinuclear antibodies. Both of these patients developed severe renal disease with the renal biopsy findings of membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis. Multiple autoantibodies and circulating immune complexes were demonstrated in their sera. There was evidence suggesting complement consumption. This article illustrates that immune complex glomerulonephritis can occur in some patients with IDDM, particularly in those with antinuclear antibody and polyendocrine involvement, and that renal biopsy in such cases may have prognostic and therapeutic importance. PMID- 6220879 TI - Antibiotic penetration in abdominal infection: a case of tobramycin failure responsive to moxalactam. AB - A 50-year-old male developed an Enterobacter cloacae abdominal infection as the result of gangrene of a gastric remnant after gastrectomy. Aggressive antibiotic treatment with tobramycin and clindamycin was instituted, but despite documented in vitro bacterial sensitivity and high serum tobramycin levels, the patient's clinical condition worsened. Enterobacter cloacae continued to grow in the abdominal drainage cultures. As a last resort, moxalactam therapy was started. Within 36 hours, dramatic clinical improvement was seen and Enterobacter disappeared from the abdominal fluid cultures. Antibiotic assays showed that abdominal fluid contained approximately 50 percent of the simultaneous serum moxalactam concentration, while tobramycin was present in abdominal fluid at less than 15 percent of the serum concentration. In spite of bacterial sensitivity to both drugs, it is likely that moxalactam produced better results than did tobramycin, because of better tissue penetration characteristics. PMID- 6220880 TI - [Diseases caused by cooling lubricants in the metal-processing industry. Suggestions for solving a multifactorial occurrence]. AB - It is shown that diseases caused by soluble oil emulsions concern multiple actions with chronic processes. Recrudescences occur during these processes, demonstrated by monocausal formation. Neutralisation of all factors which alone or combined induce skin damage appears unrealistic. Solving the problem in the long run does not mean neutralising the soluble oil emulsions and other skin damaging factors in question, but removing their influence using mechanisation instead. Until mechanisation is realised other primary and secondary measures are necessary, particularly selection. PMID- 6220881 TI - Hand dermatitis in different hospital workers, who perform wet work. PMID- 6220882 TI - [Penetration of chromate ions in damaged and undamaged skin of sensitized and nonsensitized individuals occupationally exposed to chromates]. AB - The importance of oversensitivity to chromate within the framework of occupational dermatoses is sufficiently well known. Questions still remained unanswered as to which substances and solutions in which form and quantity sensitivity to chromate occurs. Further, it is unclear why one worker reacts allergically and another remains unaffected carrying out the same work. In spite of all attempts it is as a rule still impossible to predict who will be affected. By investigating the penetration of chromate ions, we wanted to draw attention to possible dangers those beginning work are exposed to. We are aware that a complex series of questions exists but that only a small part can be approached at once. It appeared appropriate to determine whether the level of penetration of the metal ions differs between individuals, in particular whether the rate is higher in sensitive than in non-sensitive people. To handle this question a method had to be found to determine metal ions with and without exposure in the skin. PMID- 6220883 TI - An outbreak of epoxy dermatitis in insulation workers at an electric power station. PMID- 6220884 TI - [Occupational allergic contact dermatitis from hydrazine]. PMID- 6220885 TI - [Digital subtraction angiography in percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of vessels of the extremities and renal vessels]. AB - The new imaging method digital subtraction angiography (DSA) permits intravenous arteriography. 1259 patients were thus investigated over one year. The lower extremities comprised 21,4% of assessment areas. 120 investigations in 95 patients were based on an indication of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA). DSA can be used before and after the PTA. The small extent of invasiveness and the shortening of in-patient admission are particular advantages preoperatively. These advantages, in addition to the possibility of out-patient evaluation, are also true for DSA in comparison to the conventional arteriography. Thus the combination of both methods has been found to be very suitable. PMID- 6220886 TI - [Acute fatty liver in pregnancy with consumption coagulopathy]. AB - Acute idiopathic fatty liver of pregnancy was observed in a 34-year-old patient. Mother and child survived this complication which has happened in only 10% of the 69 histologically verified cases. On the basis of coagulation studies it may be assumed that consumption coagulopathy had been present initially. This could be pathogenetically relevant in the development of fatty liver of pregnancy. PMID- 6220887 TI - [Percutaneous transluminal dilatation of the renal arteries. Results and indications]. PMID- 6220888 TI - Nickel toxicity to fungi: influence of environmental factors. AB - The toxicity of nickel (Ni) to the mycelial growth rates of filamentous fungi was influenced by environmental abiotic factors. Increasing the pH from acidic to alkaline levels completely eliminated the toxicity of Ni to Achyla sp. and Saprolegnia sp. Magnesium or zinc, but not potassium, sodium, calcium, or ferric, ions reduced the toxicity of Ni to Achyla sp. An antagonistic interaction between a combination of Ni + Pb was noted toward growth of Achyla sp. and Saprolegnia sp.; the interactions between combinations of Ni + Cd or Ni + Hg were less well defined. Chlorophyll, at 1%, reduced the toxicity of Ni toward Saprolegnia sp. and Cunninghamella blakesleeana, and increasing the chlorophyll concentration from 0.2 to 1% progressively reduced the toxicity of Ni to Aspergillus clavatus. The addition of 1% humic acid reduced the toxicity of Ni to Saprolegnia sp. and C. blakesleeana, and increasing the humic acid concentration from 0.2 to 1% progressively reduced the toxicity of Ni toward Aspergillus flavus. A. flavus was more resistant to Ni at 33 than at 23 degrees C. PMID- 6220889 TI - An electron microscopic approach to the quaternary structure of mitochondrial F1 ATPase. AB - The three-dimensional structure of F1-ATPase from beef heart mitochondria was investigated by electron microscopic techniques. The presence of high concentrations of nucleotides is essential for preservation of the quaternary structure. When investigated under such conditions, monodisperse F1-ATPase could not be distinguished from the membrane-bound enzyme. At low resolution, the particle shape resembles an oblate ellipsoid of revolution with an axial ratio of about 2:1. From several lines of evidence (including field micrographs at higher magnifications, Markham rotational analysis, and tilting experiments), two conclusions may be drawn concerning the three-dimensional fine structure of F1 ATPase. 1. At the periphery of the molecule, six globular protein masses are orientated in a way similar to the chair conformation of cyclohexane. This array is interpreted to be made up of an alternating sequence of alpha and beta subunits. 2. Part of the central space is occupied by a seventh protein mass, protrusions of which are likely to be in contact with some of the outer subunits. A gamma subunit is supposed to be constituent part of this central protein mass. As a consequence, this model favours a stoichiometry of alpha 3 beta 3 gamma for the large subunits of beef heart F1-ATPase. PMID- 6220891 TI - Clinical value of echocardiography in patients with 'heart failure'. AB - The clinical syndrome of 'heart failure' can be caused by a variety of haemodynamic disturbances, which can be analysed by echocardiography. Occasionally, occult valve disease may be present. The commonest cause is left ventricular disease. Two-dimensional echocardiography allows cavity size and shape to be studied, and when combined with colour amplitude processing, regional abnormalities of acoustic properties of the myocardium detected, and shown to have clinical significance. Digitization of combined M-mode and 2D records allows endocardial position and wall dynamics to be studied, at a repetition rate of 1000/s in known positions in the ventricle. Abnormal systolic function can be analysed in great detail, and the effects of a dilated cavity distinguished from those incoordinate wall motion. Reduced contraction velocity can also be identified, but this is rare as an isolated abnormality. A series of diastolic abnormalities can also be detected, including incoordinate relaxation in coronary artery disease, and prolonged isovolumic relaxation and reduced rate of diastolic wall motion in left ventricular hypertrophy. When simultaneous high fidelity pressure is available, myocardial power, work, and stress-strain relations can be documented. Thus 'heart failure' is not a discrete entity, and there is no single type of clinical left ventricular disease corresponding to 'depressed contractility' to be detected by echocardiography in its early or late stages. Much more valuable, however, is the use of the technique to record a series of separable abnormalities of ventricle function, to quantify them in individual patients, and to follow the effects of treatment. PMID- 6220890 TI - Inactivation of the calcium-transport ATPase in the sarcoplasmic reticulum by the combined effect of lasolocid and Triton X-100. AB - The calcium-transport ATPase of the sarcoplasmic reticulum membranes is irreversibly inactivated by the combined action of Lasolocid and Triton X-100 at concentrations which separately do not interfere with the enzyme's activity. In the presence of Lasolocid the enzyme is most susceptible to inactivation when the Triton X-100 concentration just exceeds its critical micellar concentration, approximately, 0.2 mg X ml-1. Lasolocid becomes effective at a concentration of 10 microM and produces rapid inactivation at 100 microM. Phosphoprotein formation is less affected than phosphate liberation. The influence of the ATPase protein on the fluorescence intensity of Lasolocid passes a distinct maximum at the most effective Triton X-100 concentration of 0.2 mg X ml-1. PMID- 6220893 TI - Prevention of the development of heart failure and the regression of cardiac hypertrophy by captopril in the spontaneously hypertensive rat. AB - The spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) exhibits both a compensated phase of cardiac hypertrophy in which forward output is maintained despite persistently elevated systemic arterial pressures and a decompensated phase in which cardiac performance has deteriorated in spite of further hypertrophic growth. To determine whether chronic antihypertensive therapy prevents the development of heart failure and the progression of cardiac hypertrophy in SHR with advanced hypertension, captopril (2 g/l of drinking water), a converting enzyme inhibitor, was administered to 14 month old female SHR and normotensive American Wistar rats (NWR) for 10 months. The severe left ventricular hypertrophy of the 24 month old untreated SHR (4.37 +/- 0.2 mg/g v. 2.50 +/- 0.06 mg/g, untreated NWR) was markedly reduced (P less than 0.02) by captopril (3.01 +/- 0.1 mg/g). Chronic therapy prevented the reduction of both baseline and maximal cardiac indices in SHR, but did not alter blood flow in NWR. Left ventricular dilatation was present in 24 month old SHR and, as peak stroke volume index was diminished, the ejection fraction index of the SHR was reduced. Captopril restored this index in SHR to normal. The relation of ejection fraction index and afterload (peak systolic wall stress) was depressed in untreated SHR, but was normal in treated SHR. Thus, chronic therapy with captopril prevented the development of severe cardiac dysfunction and produced a marked regression of cardiac hypertrophy in SHR with advanced hypertensive heart disease. PMID- 6220892 TI - Left ventricular dynamics, energetics and coronary hemodynamics in hypertrophic heart disease. AB - The relations between left ventricular mass, mass to volume ratio, systolic wall stress and myocardial oxygen consumption were analyzed in 187 patients with chronic heart disease. The degree of left ventricular hypertrophy is determined by mass, the mass to volume ratio, and pressure and, hence, systolic wall stress. In chronic heart disease at least two types of inappropriate left ventricular hypertrophy may occur: (1) low stress hypertrophy with an increased mass to volume ratio, normal left ventricular function and normal or reduced oxygen consumption (MVO2), whereas (2) high stress hypertrophy has a normal or low mass to volume ratio, impaired left ventricular function and an increased MVO2). Left ventricular oxygen consumption per viable mass unit (MVO/2) is significantly correlated with the systolic force per unit cross-sectional area of the left ventricular wall, that is, to left ventricular systolic wall stress. The range of systolic wall stress was 100-450 X 10(3) dynes/cm2. A similar reserve capacity is present for both the metabolic and the coronary reserves. The coronary reserve is governed by both the vascular and the myocardial component of coronary resistance. In coronary artery disease the coronary reserve (normal = 4.9) may be diminished by more than 50%, due to an increased vascular component of coronary resistance, whereas an abnormal increase of the myocardial (= extravascular) component of coronary resistance is present in dilated heart disease, where marked reduction in coronary reserve may occur, despite a normal coronary arteriogram. In addition to these diseases, a large variety of disturbances of coronary microcirculation of vascular, rheological and metabolic origin exists leading to reduction in the oxygen supply of the heart despite normal large coronary arteries. PMID- 6220894 TI - Beta blockade for dilated cardiomyopathy: the evidence against therapeutic benefit. PMID- 6220896 TI - Mechanisms of cardiac contraction. What roles for preload, afterload and inotropic state in heart failure? AB - There is evidence that sarcomere length is maximal and changes little during chronic cardiac enlargement, and that the failing heart does not operate on a true descending limb of the Frank-Starling curve. However, increases of ventricular end-diastolic volume over time clearly are important at the geometrical level in maintaining stroke volume. When the preload reserve is fully utilized, afterload mismatch can exist in the steady state to produce operation of the heart on an apparent descending limb of cardiac function, and further afterload mismatch can be produced by pressure loading under these conditions. The treatment of acute experimental heart failure with a mixed vasodilator (nitroprusside) can lead to an increased cardiac output by afterload reduction only when the venous return curve does not shift downward; thus, the threefold larger shift of central blood volume to the periphery in heart failure (compared to normal) counter balances the venodilator action of nitroprusside. Whether or not the inotropic ceiling of failing myocardium can be reached by positive inotropic agents is unclear, but major hemodynamic benefits in heart failure with many potent inotropic drugs are associated with the direct vasodilating properties of these agents. Thus, there appears to be little role for the Frank Starling mechanism at the sarcomere level, whereas afterload mismatch and its correction are of major importance provided the venous return can be increased. A degree of inotropic reserve also is available, even in the severely failing myocardium, but more research is needed on the potential costs and benefits of marked sustained inotropic stimulation. PMID- 6220895 TI - Clinical use of calcium channel blockers as ventricular unloading agents. AB - Calcium channel blockers relax the arterial smooth vasculature and lower blood pressure when it is elevated because of excessive vasoconstriction. They may be regarded as ventricular unloading agents. Nifedipine (11 cases, Group 1) and verapamil (12 cases, Group 2) were tested in hypertensive patients with cardiac enlargement (LV diastolic diameter greater than or equal to 60 mm), ECG signs of LV strain, lung congestion and dyspnea at rest, in an acute (nifedipine 20 mg; verapamil 160 mg) and 1-month (nifedipine 20 mg q.i.d.; verapamil 160 mg t.i.d.) therapeutic evaluation. In the acute study nifedipine reduced systemic vascular resistance (SVR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), mean pulmonary wedge pressure (PWP) and LV diastolic diameter (DD) and improved cardiac index (CI) and Vcf. In Group 2 verapamil reduced SVR and MAP, improved CI and was not effective on PWP, LV DD and Vcf. Verapamil was discontinued in 2 patients who developed severe dyspnea at rest after 3-4 days of continued oral treatment. At the end of the trial Vcf, PWP and LV DD were unchanged in the remaining subjects in Group 2 despite persistent pressure reduction. In Group 1 all of the patients had relief of dyspnea and lung congestion, reduction of heart size, persistent decrease of MAP and PWP, and improvement in Vcf. The only side effect was ankle edema in 4 cases. A less potent vasodilating action of verapamil and a predominant depression in cardiac contractility may account for the different results with the two drugs, in spite of a shared antihypertensive effect. These findings prove that functional changes in the failing hypertensive heart may differ after nifedipine compared to verapamil as a result of interaction and relative preponderance of influences on afterload and contractility. PMID- 6220898 TI - Physiologic or pathologic hypertrophy. AB - Physiologic hypertrophy occurs as the result of exercise conditioning and is characterized by normal or supranormal left ventricular (LV) contractile function and reversibility of structural alterations. Whether hypertrophy produced by chronic abnormal loading can be termed 'physiologic' is a matter of debate because in experimental pressure overload hypertrophy normal in vivo ventricular function may be associated with abnormal in vitro function of the papillary muscles. In patients with moderate LV hypertrophy from aortic valve disease (angiographic mass less than 180 g/m2) ejection fraction (EF) is preserved, but at similar levels of afterload, when mass exceeds 180 g/m2, EF is depressed. Comparison of LV function with myocardial structure (endomyocardial biopsies) has shown that in patients with compensated LV function and those with left heart failure (EF less than 57%, LVEDP greater than 20 mm Hg and/or cardiac index less than 2.5 l/min/m2) interstitial fibrosis (IF) was increased to a similar extent (16 and 18%; normal less than 5%), whereas muscle fiber diameter (MFD; normal less than or equal to 20 mu) was larger (P less than 0.05) in the patients with failure (30 mu) than in those with preserved function (27 mu). Moreover patients with depressed postoperative function had a larger (P less than 0.01) preoperative MFD (35 mu) than those with normal postoperative function (30 mu). Seventeen months after successful aortic valve replacement IF increased (P less than 0.02) and MFD decreased (P less than 0.001) but did not become normal regardless whether postoperative function was normal or depressed. Thus in secondary hypertrophy myocardial structure is pathologic even in the presence of normal LV function and depressed function appears likely to be related to excessive fiber hypertrophy rather than to IF. Massive fiber hypertrophy heralds an unfavorable postoperative LV function and fibrosis is irreversible after surgical correction of the abnormal load. PMID- 6220899 TI - Ultrastructural correlates of reduced cardiac function in human heart disease. AB - The ultrastructural correlates of a decrease in cardiac function resulting in heart failure are unknown. For this reason, transmural needle biopsies were taken during cardiac surgery from patients with aortic valve disease (AD, n = 143) and coronary heart disease (CHD, n = 136) and examined by electron microscopy. Ultrastructural features were: occurrence of abnormal but still viable nuclei and mitochondria combined with lack of myofibrils in greatly enlarged myocardial cells plus an increased amount of fibrosis in patients with AD. In CHD most myocardial cells were of normal size or atrophic, reduced in number and showed signs of subcellular degeneration. Fibrosis was greatly increased. These findings were confirmed in both groups of patients by quantitative analysis (morphometry). Cardiac failure was diagnosed and clinically treated in about 25% of all patients investigated in this study. The loss of specific myocardial cellular components or loss of entire cells are the morphological correlates of cardiac failure in different types of heart disease. PMID- 6220897 TI - Surgical and mechanical support of the failing heart. AB - The surgical treatment of acute heart failure is limited to cases of pressure or volume overload. Acute valvular regurgitation due to active endocarditis or to prosthetic dysfunction is a classic example of failure which can be cured by restoring valvular competence. Acute pressure load is mostly caused by prosthetic dysfunction or pulmonary embolism; therapy is aimed at removal of the causative agent. Coronary heart disease can cause heart failure by volume overload: acute mitral incompetence or ventricular septal defect lend themselves to surgical correction. In the surgical treatment of acute heart failure maximal attention is devoted to optimal timing of surgery, anesthetic management and postoperative care. Careful attention to the function of the right and left ventricle and combination of catecholamines, afterload reducing agents and volume loading together with respirator support have considerably improved the surgical results. Acute pump failure due to coronary insufficiency and infarction is less amenable to surgical treatment, with rare exceptions of emergencies during coronary angiography and percutaneous dilatation. The intra-aortic balloon pump is the only method of mechanical circulatory assistance which has reached widespread clinical acceptance. The best results are achieved in conjunction with surgery: either as cardiac support in inherently reversible postoperative heart failure or as the means of circulatory stabilization prior to surgery. Ventricular assist devices are still in the experimental stage: their use has been sharply curtailed by the virtual disappearance of the postoperative low output syndrome. In selected cases of end-stage cardiomyopathy cardiac transplantation is nowadays performed with acceptable survival (70% at one year after surgery). Both orthotopic and heterotopic transplantation (transplanted heart in parallel with the natural one) give comparable results, but the procedure is still very restricted due to the lack of donors, multiple contraindications and lack of suitable heart preservation techniques. PMID- 6220900 TI - Is relaxation really impaired in cardiac failure? AB - Impaired relaxation of the ventricle has been described in hypertrophy and in ischemic heart disease. Some of these abnormalities are transient, but all occur at an early stage of the disease. The underlying mechanisms may vary depending on the etiology of the disease, and, except for ischemic heart disease, true myocardial impaired relaxation, as manifested by a suppressed load dependence, could not be demonstrated even at a stage when manifest cardiac failure is already present. PMID- 6220901 TI - Inotropic and lusitropic abnormalities in the genesis of heart failure. AB - Cardiac pumping action is governed by two interdependent systems; those that govern contraction and the emptying of the heart (inotropic) and those that control its relaxation and filling (lusitropic). The signs and symptoms of 'heart failure' can be caused by abnormalities of either or both of these systems. Major technological advances in the evaluation of the cardiac patient, especially those that utilize measurements of ventricular volume, coupled with potent new drugs that can modify differently the inotropic and lusitropic properties of the myocardium, make it necessary to understand the role that each plays in the genesis of the clinical syndrome of heart failure. PMID- 6220902 TI - Is echocardiography a reliable tool? AB - In the clinical setting of heart failure, combined use of M-mode and 2D echocardiography is a useful tool for the differentiation of cardiomegalies of an unknown cause. In combination with careful clinical examination echocardiography allows differentiation between pericardial effusion, congenital or acquired valvular heart disease, or cardiomyopathy as the underlying cause of heart failure. M-mode echocardiographic parameters relating to left ventricular dimensional change can be helpful in the quantitative evaluation of left ventricular function, especially when no abnormal segmental wall motion is present. However, due to the poor reproducibility of the echo parameters, this method is only of limited usefulness for follow-up studies or for the evaluation of the effect of drug interventions. In the evaluation of left ventricular performance during dynamic exercise, currently used echocardiographic techniques have not proved practical due to technical limitations. PMID- 6220903 TI - Steroid receptors and progestinic therapy in ovarian endometrioid carcinoma. AB - On the basis of a personal series of 43 cases of ovarian endometrioid carcinoma the Authors point out that this histologic type is more hormonosensitive than the other ovarian carcinomas. Their search for ER and PgR receptors in the tumour tissue showed a particularly high incidence of positive cases (81.3% and 72.1% respectively). Furthermore, the adjuvant, high-dose MAP therapy (Farlutal) obtained a high incidence of positive responses with neoplastic regression in 53.5% of the patients, all of whom were PgR-and/or ER-positive cases. 71.2% of the cases that could be followed survived at 3 years and 57.1% survived at 5 years from the beginning of the therapy. From this standpoint too, the Authors compare ovarian endometrioid carcinoma to endometrial carcinoma and believe that the determination of estrogen and progesterone receptors in the neoplastic tissue can apply to the former too as a cryterion to select patients eligible for progestinic therapy. PMID- 6220905 TI - On the interpretation of the early part of the liver time-activity curve: double tracer experiment. AB - A double tracer experiment was performed in one normal subject and in one cirrhotic patient to better understand the tracer kinetics in the liver area during the first minute after injection. From a comparison of the time-activity curves obtained in each subject by subsequent iv administration of a nonextracted and an extracted (colloidal) tracer it was possible to distinguish the contribution due to the transport mechanism through intrahepatic and extrahepatic circulation and that due to reticuloendothelial extraction. Three main phases were identified on the curves and an attempt was made to interpret their significance. Results of the study may be of interest for the development of models which could possibly provide more reliable noninvasive quantitation of liver hemodynamics and reticuloendothelial function with the use of one or both types of tracer. PMID- 6220904 TI - Elevated uptake of 67Ga and increased heparan sulfate content in liver-damaged rats. PMID- 6220906 TI - Symmetric visualization of the femoral heads in reticuloendothelial bone marrow scanning in adults. Correlation with peripheral extension of the bone marrow organ. PMID- 6220908 TI - A comparison between the diagnostic efficacy of 99mTc-MDP, 99mTc-DPD and 99mTc HDP for the detection of bone metastases. AB - We have investigated the clinical efficacy for the detection of bone metastases of two recently marketed bone-seeking radiopharmaceuticals, HDP and DPD, compared with traditionally used MDP. Twenty patients received 15 mCi 99mTc-MDP; after assessment ten of these patients later received 15 mCi 99mTc-DPD and ten other patients of this group were injected with 15 mCi 99mTc-HDP. Scintigraphy took place 3 h after tracer injection. Quantitative analysis included the calculation of normal bone to soft tissue ratios, lesion to soft tissue ratios and lesion to normal bone ratios for all three radiopharmaceuticals. Visual inspection of the scintiphotos revealed the same number of bone lesions at the same localisations. Statistical evaluation of our quantitative data showed that the lesion to normal bone ratio was significantly higher for MDP than for DPD. No further significant differences in the uptake in normal bone or in the metastatic lesions were found between all three radiopharmaceuticals. It is concluded that the new bone-seeking agents DPD and HDP do not possess clinical advantages over MDP for the detection of skeletal metastases. PMID- 6220907 TI - Calcium heparinate induced extraosseous uptake in bone scanning. PMID- 6220910 TI - Special education due process hearings in Illinois. PMID- 6220909 TI - Comparison of mucus substances in gastric juice of normal subjects, duodenal ulcer and dyspeptic patients. AB - The sugar and nitrogen content of the gastric juice was assessed in 27 patients with duodenal ulceration, 17 patients with dyspepsia, and 27 normal volunteers. Comparing the data for each constituent for each patient using a discriminant function analysis, it was shown that the normal group differed significantly from both the duodenal ulcer group and the dyspeptic group, but that there was only a degree of variation between the two groups of patients. PMID- 6220911 TI - The DEBT Project: early intervention for handicapped children and their parents. PMID- 6220912 TI - Current findings in Down syndrome. PMID- 6220913 TI - Senior citizens as paraprofessionals in teaching severely handicapped children. PMID- 6220914 TI - Extended school year programs. PMID- 6220915 TI - Streptozotocin-induced elevation of pancreatic taurine content and suppressive effect of taurine on insulin secretion. AB - The role of taurine in pancreatic insulin secretion was studied. The administration of the pancreato-toxic streptozotocin (STZ) induced a significant increase of pancreatic taurine content in ddY and CD-1 strains of mice in addition to a remarkable hyperglycemia which resulted from significant damage to the beta-cells of this organ. The increase in pancreatic taurine content was invariably observed under both the transient and the continuous hyperglycemic conditions induced by STZ. It was also shown by analysing lyophilized pancreatic sections that this elevation of taurine content in the pancreas induced by STZ was due to the rise of taurine level in the exocrine tissues, whereas that in the islets of Langerhans was not affected by STZ. On the other hand, the in vitro addition of taurine (1-10 mM) significantly suppressed the glucose-stimulated and Ca2+-dependent secretion of insulin (IRI) from the isolated islets of Langerhans without affecting the Ca2+-independent secretion of this hormone. Considering the results described above, it seems possible that the action site of taurine may be at the exterior of islet cells, perhaps at the cellular membranes of the islets of Langerhans. The present results suggest that pancreatic taurine may play a significant physiological role in the regulation of insulin secretion from the islets of Langerhans and of the serum level of glucose. PMID- 6220916 TI - Effect of tetrodotoxin relaxation of cultured skeletal muscle on the sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-transport ATPase. AB - The spontaneous contractions of cultured chick skeletal muscle fibers were abolished by growth of cultures in the presence of tetrodotoxin (TTX). Inhibition of the contractile activity of cultured myofibers was associated with a marked reduction in the rate of azide-insensitive, ATP-dependent Ca2+ uptake by the total particulate fraction of cell homogenates and by purified sarcoplasmic reticulum. Myosin heavy chain (MHC) accumulation and azide-insensitive, ATP dependent Ca2+ uptake into a total cell membrane fraction were measured simultaneously in the same culture dish. A decrease in the activity of the ATP dependent Ca2+ uptake system preceded a significant reduction in MHC content of contraction-inhibited cultures. The reduced rate of Ca2+ uptake observed in the sarcoplasmic reticulum from TTX-treated cultures paralleled a decrease in the amount of enzymatically active Ca2+-transport ATPase. The cellular concentration of the ATPase was estimated from a measurement of the concentration of the Ca2+ dependent, hydroxylamine-sensitive, steady state level of phosphorylated intermediate formed in culture microsomes. In contrast to the changes observed in activity of the sarcoplasmic reticulum ATPase and MHC content of TTX-treated cultures, neither the specific activity of creatine kinase nor the accumulation of the MM isoenzyme were affected. It is therefore concluded that the contractile activity of muscle has a selective effect on the maintenance of the adult skeletal muscle phenotype. PMID- 6220917 TI - High-resolution analysis of Allium cepa chromosome replication by an FPG technique. AB - In Allium cepa meristematic cells, BrdU incorporation into late-replicating DNA and its detection by FPG technique has shown to allow the visualization of characteristic late replicated segments (LRS) in metaphase chromosomes not detected till now. Since these LRS have very similar characteristics with the 'dot-like' exchanges reported previously in this system, they seem to represent a new support for the idea of a regular organization of chromatin in metaphase. PMID- 6220918 TI - Parachlorophenylalanine does not affect pontine-geniculate-occipital waves in rats despite significant effects on other sleep-waking parameters. AB - The effects of 376 mg/kg parachlorophenylalanine (PCPA) methyl ester on spontaneous and elicited pontine-geniculate-occipital (PGO) waves, locomotor activity, and sleep-staging were studied in albino rats. It was found that PCPA had no effect on the frequency per minute of spontaneously occurring PGO waves or on the relationship between elicited PGO waves and the sleep-waking cycle, which has been reported in normal rats. In contrast, significant decreases in sleep, increases in spontaneous locomotor activity, and alterations in other spontaneously emitted behaviors were observed. It was concluded that PCPA does not affect PGO waves in rats in contrast to the dramatic effects of this drug on PGO waves in cats. PMID- 6220919 TI - Changes of myosin and its ATPase in experimentally induced fiber transformation in the rat. AB - It has been reported that a reversible muscle fiber transformation was effected within a short time in the sternohyoid muscle of the rat by the removal of the contralateral muscle. In the present investigation the muscles were analyzed histochemically and biochemically. The fiber transformation was easily detected histochemically by the appearance of slow type I fibers, as this fiber type is almost lacking in control muscles. In two-dimensional electrophoresis the light chain pattern of the experimental and control muscles was similar. However, the peptide pattern of the heavy chains revealed clear differences between control and experimental muscles. The muscle fiber transformation found was reflected in the myosin heavy chain which is the site of ATPase activity. For transformation of the light chain pattern probably a much stronger stimulus is needed. PMID- 6220920 TI - Reconstitution of stellacyanin as a case of direct Cu(I) transfer between yeast copper thionein and 'blue' copper apoprotein. AB - It was of interest to examine whether yeast Cu-thionein could be used to transfer the thiolate bound copper directly into the copper binding site of 'blue' apoproteins which contain free thiol groups. In particular apo-stellacyanin was used in the present study and it was found to be able to accept Cu(I) from yeast Cu-thionein, without any detectable unspecific Cu(II) intermediate, both aerobically and anaerobically. PMID- 6220921 TI - The identification of a proton pump on vacuoles of the yeast Saccharomyces carlsbergensis. ATPase is electrogenic H+-translocase. PMID- 6220922 TI - Temperature-dependent conformational changes in isolated oligomycin-sensitive ATPase. AB - Isolated oligomycin-sensitive ATPase undergoes a kinetic change at 20-25 degrees C with a higher activation energy and a lower Km for ATP below this temperature range. This observation has been correlated with temperature-dependent structural changes detected by circular dichroism in the UV region in the isolated enzyme. The negative ellipticities in the 208-225 nm region, which are proportional to the alpha-helix content, increase with rise in temperature to a maximum above 25 degrees C. PMID- 6220923 TI - Interactions of antibodies against soluble phosphofructokinase with the soluble and particulate enzymes from yeast. AB - Antibodies obtained from rabbits against soluble yeast phosphofructokinase also react with the particulate yeast phosphofructokinase. Their effects on the activity of the soluble enzyme recognized as inactivation or slight activation depend on the specific immune response of an individual animal yielding antisera with different proportions of inactivating and activating antibodies. The availability of particulate phosphofructokinase to complex inactivating antibodies specifically allows a separation of activating and inactivating antibodies from each other by a simple extraction procedure. PMID- 6220924 TI - Elevated bioactive luteinizing hormone in women with the polycystic ovary syndrome. AB - Serum measurements of bioactive (bio) luteinizing hormone (LH), immunoreactive (i) LH, iLH/follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) ratios, serum androgens and estradiol (E2) were determined in 20 women with the clinical diagnosis of the polycystic ovary syndrome (PCO), and compared with the levels of 10 women with chronic anovulation (CA) and 10 control subjects in the early follicular phase. Women with CA and control subjects had similar levels of E2, androgens, bioLH, iLH, and iLH/FSH ratios. Fourteen of 20 women with PCO had levels of iLH exceeding 3 standard deviations (SD) of the levels of control women (21 mIU/ml), and 13 of 20 had iLH/FSH ratios above 3.2 (3 SD of control levels). Nineteen of 20 women, however, had bioLH levels above 70 mIU/ml (3 SD of control levels). Mean levels for bioLH were 131 +/- 18 in PCO, 39 +/- 3 in control subjects, and 40 +/- 3 in women with CA. The ratio of bioLH/iLH was 3.5 +/- 0.4 in control subjects and 3.2 +/- 0.3 in women with CA but significantly elevated in PCO (4.6 +/- 0.4, P less than 0.05). There was, however, a significant positive correlation between bioLH and iLH values in PCO (r = 0.64, P less than 0.01). A significant correlation was found between bioLH and serum testosterone as well as between bioLH and serum dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S) (P less than 0.05), although no correlation was found between iLH and serum DHEA-S. Weight and obesity also did not correlate with either iLH or bioLH in women with PCO and CA. These data suggest that bioLH may be an important hormonal marker in the clinical diagnosis of PCO. PMID- 6220925 TI - [Outstanding scientist of today (on the centenary of the birth of L.A. Orbeli)]. PMID- 6220926 TI - [Mycological studies of patients with severe acne disease]. PMID- 6220927 TI - [Acne fulminans]. PMID- 6220928 TI - [Incidence of contact eczema in East Germany and Poland--a comparative presentation. III. Diseases caused by non-occupational contactants]. PMID- 6220929 TI - Pancreatic exocrine function in rosacea. AB - As some rosacea patients complain of gastrointestinal troubles and the administration of pancreatic extracts ameliorates both dyspepsia and skin lesions, the pancreatic exocrine function in 21 subjects affected with rosacea has been investigated by means of the secretin-cerulein infusion test. 21 healthy controls have been studied for comparison. No difference was found between rosacea and control subjects for flow rate, bicarbonate and chymotrypsin concentration and output, while lipase concentration and output was significantly lower in rosacea patients, with a decrease ranging from 18.5 to 66% of normal values. Therefore, a deficient lipase secretion could be responsible, at least partly, for the clinical manifestations of rosacea. PMID- 6220930 TI - Papillon-Lefevre syndrome. A clinical and therapeutical contribution. AB - A clinical study of a patient with the Papillon-Lefevre syndrome is presented. She had identifiable zones where cutaneous involvement was lacking, probably corresponding to areas free from the effects of attrition or trauma. The patient was treated with oral aromatic retinoid Ro 10-9359. An obvious response with marked improvement of the clinical picture was obtained. Combined treatment of the oral cavity with local and systemic medication was carried out. Beneficial effects on involved integuments and on social repercussions are discussed and a new alternative in the management of these patients is proposed. PMID- 6220931 TI - [Palmar and plantar hyperkeratosis associated with a gastric adenocarcinoma]. PMID- 6220932 TI - Functional studies of sessile macrophages in liver and spleen of psoriatics. AB - In 24 psoriatics of either sex aged between 22 and 84 years, functional analysis of sessile macrophages in liver and spleen revealed an accelerated metabolic elimination of Tc-99m labeled human serum albumin millimicrospheres. In psoriatics treated with aromatic retinoid, macrophage activity in liver and spleen was found to be normalized compared to the group of systemically nontreated psoriatics. 3 psoriatics with cirrhosis of the liver demonstrated an unequivocally delayed tracer accumulation in liver and splenic macrophages, the former showing decelerated phagocytosis and proteolysis of ingested albumin particles. The method used allows measuring of phagocytic and proteolytic properties of tissue-fixed macrophages in psoriatics as well as assessing the therapeutic effects of systemically administered drugs on macrophage functions. PMID- 6220933 TI - Studies on the immune response in chickens. IV. Generation of hapten-specific memory and absence of increase in carrier-specific helper memory in antibody response to sheep red blood cell antigen and its hapten-conjugate. AB - The role of carrier recognition in the hapten-specific antibody response of chickens to hapten (TNP) conjugate of sheep red blood cells (SRBC) was studied. The anti-TNP antibody response to the challenge with either TNP-SRBC or DNP conjugate of Salmonella enteritidis (DNP-Sal) of chickens previously primed with TNP-SRBC was definitely higher than that of unprimed chickens. Injection of TNP chicken red blood cells, which did not provoke any significant primary anti-TNP response, also induced the memory for secondary anti-TNP response to the challenge with TNP-SRBC or DNP-Sal. The TNP-specific memory generated by stimulation with TNP-SRBC was adoptively transferable by spleen cells into cyclophosphamide (CY)-treated X-irradiated syngeneic recipients. On the other hand, the SRBC-specific memory for augmentation of anti-TNP response to the challenge with TNP-SRBC was never detected in chickens previously primed with either any of a wide range of doses (10(4)-10(8)) of SRBC, solubilized SRBC or SRBC fixed with formaldehyde, nor in CY-treated X-irradiated chickens receiving SRBC-primed spleen cells. The anti-TNP response of chickens to the challenge with TNP-SRBC was rather suppressed by the SRBC preimmunization. The passively administered anti-SRBC chicken serum also suppressed the response to TNP-SRBC. The carrier-specific suppressor activity generated by SRBC stimulation was not adoptively transferable by spleen cells. It is suggested from these results that the mechanism of amplification of the anti-hapten antibody response of chickens to hapten-SRBC conjugate is primarily mediated by the hapten-recognition, and carrier-recognition is more important for suppression rather than for amplification of the anti-hapten response, although the inductive mechanism for anti-hapten response itself should somehow involve the carrier recognition. PMID- 6220934 TI - Androgen production in primary culture of immature porcine Leydig cells. AB - The present paper examines the steroidogenic responsiveness of immature porcine Leydig cells in primary culture. Both testosterone (T) and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHAS) secretion were measured under basal conditions and after stimulation with human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) (25 ng/ml). In medium supplemented with insulin, transferrin, epidermal growth factor (3H) and 0.1% calf serum, cells survived 3-5 days in culture. The production of steroids (under hCG stimulation) is poor on day 0-1 of the culture. On day 2-4 basal T and DHAS levels are 1.9 and 17.0 ng/10(6) cells/24 h. The addition of hCG stimulated T and DHAS production 19- and 6-fold respectively and the average productions were 37 and 109 ng/10(6) cells/24 h. Increasing the serum to 0.5% did not change the viability of the cultures, but increased hCG stimulated T and DHAS production (183 and 188 ng/10(6) cells/24 h). The addition of alpha-tocopherol (vitamin E) to 0.1% calf serum led to a 4-fold increase in stimulated T production (142 ng/10(6) cells/24 h) and maintained full cell viability for more than 5 days. Measurement of 3 beta-ol steroid dehydrogenase activity indicates that the amount of enzyme is 4 times higher at day 2 than at day 0 and 1 (with or without hCG), suggesting a spontaneous maturation of the cells in culture. This might explain the increased T production with time in culture. In cumulative experiments (24 h) the cells do not seem to be desensitized to hCG stimulation following prolonged exposure to 25 ng hCG since the daily steroid production is increasing with time in culture. However, kinetic studies show that steroidogenesis is not linear over a 24 h period. In cumulative experiments the steroid production stops between 12 and 16 h following hCG exposure (5 and 100 ng/ml) and resumes following a medium change. These results suggest that some inhibitory compounds are accumulated in the medium and are controlling the Leydig cell function. Moreover high doses of hCG (100 ng/ml) result in a lower production of steroids and an earlier plateau in the case of DHAS. These results demonstrate that porcine Leydig cells can live and differentiate in hormone- and vitamin-supplemented medium and that auto feedback mechanisms inhibiting steroid accumulation take place under in vitro conditions. PMID- 6220935 TI - Cell wall assembly of Neurospora crassa: lack of evidence for preexisting cell wall acting as primer or template. AB - Cell wall formation of Neurospora crassa and other filamentous fungi involves the apical extension of preexisting cell wall in a complex assembly sequence; however, it is not known if preexisting wall participates in the formation of new cell wall. It was found that temperature-sensitive protoplasts which lack detectable preexisting wall form cell wall upon a shift to a permissive temperature. Similarly, temperature-sensitive colonial mutants form morphologically normal cell wall directly from preexisting abnormal hyphae after a shift to a permissive temperature. These results are consistent with the idea that cell wall assembly occurs without the participation of preexisting cell wall as either primer or template for new cell wall assembly. PMID- 6220936 TI - Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty in vasospastic angina. Results and technical problems in 13 cases. PMID- 6220937 TI - [Treatment of ovarian cysts by laparoscopic aspiration]. AB - At the Department of Gynaecology of the University of Graz laparoscopic aspirations of ovarian cysts are carried out more and more often since 1975 in order to save young women an unnecessary laparotomy. From January 1, 1975 to December 31, 1980 116 ovarian cysts were aspirated and the contents examined cytologically. Thin ovarian cysts were the main indication for aspiration since they were most likely functional cysts. Paraovarian cysts are not suitable for treatment by aspiration because of the high recurrence rate. The results are described and discussed. The recurrence rate of ovarian cysts was 11.1%. PMID- 6220938 TI - [Cyto-diagnosis of cystic ovarian tumours]. AB - The value of aspiration cytology of cystic ovarian tumours was studied, as an aid to the differential diagnosis between functional ovarian cysts and cystic ovarian tumours. In 158 women age 14 age 77 the cystic ovarian tumour was aspirated by laparoscopy or at laparotomy and the contents of the cyst were centrifuged and the sediment investigated by papanicolaou cytology. The findings of the smears showed direct or indirect cytological criteria for a cystic ovarian tumour. In 47 cystic neoplasms verified by microscopic examination the cytological diagnosis showed conclusive evidence of a neoplasm in 27 cases. In 7 cases the cytology was suspicious of a neoplasm. In 36 cases the differential diagnosis between cystic tumour and functional cyst was supplemented by radio-immuno-assay for estradiol in the aspirated contents of the cysts. Values over 500 picomol/litre are suggestive of a follicle are corpus luteum cyst. PMID- 6220939 TI - [Is tubal sterilization with the Tupla-clip a reversible method?]. AB - Between 1976 and 1981 402 tubal sterilizations were performed with Tupla-clip most of them by laparoscopic application. 11 tubes were removed between 15 and 47 months following the sterilization with the Tupla-clip. The local changes both macroscopically and microscopically to the tupla-clip were evaluated. The possibility of tubal patency following removal of the clips was tested by carbon dioxide pertubation. The tubal-occlusion with the tupla-clip is definitive since all tubes had a fibrous tissue strand where the clip had been applied which still carried blood vessels. No tube was patent with the carbon dioxide pertubation. The intra-operative testing of correct application of the clip and the documentation of this correct application is again mentioned. This is especially important in view of the recent judgements of the federal supreme court regarding liability in failed tubal sterilizations. The excellent chance of reversal by tubal anastomosis and the 100% success rate of this method of sterilization within the 6 years under observation will increase the acceptance of the tupla clip as a method for tubal sterilizations. PMID- 6220940 TI - The protective effect of sulfur-containing steroids against nephrocalcinosis induced by mercuric chloride in rats. AB - 1. Experiments were conducted on rats and structure-activity correlations were performed using sulfur-containing steroids against nephrocalcinosis induced by mercuric chloride (HgCl2). 2. The protective effect of spironolactone has been described previously and we have now demonstrated the activity of 7-mercapto-17 hydroxy-3-oxo-4-androsten-17-propionic acid-lactone. 3. The activity of the sulfhydryl radical present in this molecule has been shown to be slightly lower than that of the thioacetyl radical present in spironolactone. 4. The importance of the steroid structure to which a specific radical is attached has become evident during these experiments with the inactivity of 7-mercapto-3,20-dioxo-4 pregnene-16-carbothiamineacetate which possesses a thioacetyl group in the same position as spironolactone (i.e. only the two lateral chains in position 16 and 17 are different between these two steroids). 5. Thus, both the composition of the sulfur-containing radical and the steroid moiety are important for protection against inorganic mercury poisoning. PMID- 6220941 TI - Maternal and fetal liver enzymes of mid-to-term pregnant rats chronically treated with magnesium sulphate. AB - 1. Pregnant rats were injected daily with 150 mg/kg body weight magnesium sulphate (MgSO4) starting at the 5th day of gestation and sacrificed at the 13th, 15th, 19th or 21st day of pregnancy. 2. Maternal liver enzymes of glycolysis (HK, PFK, PK, LDH), pentose shunt pathway (G-6-PD) and glutamate metabolism (Ala-T, Asp-T) were unaltered by the treatment. 3. Fetal liver PK, LDH, G-6-PD, Ala-T and Asp-T activities were strongly activated by MgSO4 to levels in some instances as high or even higher than those found in the adult rat liver. 4. Results support recent evidence that MgSO4 induces precocious maturation of certain morphofunctional features of the fetal rat liver. 5. Data presented herein cannot account for the strong deleterious effects of the drug on rat pregnancy. Instead, such effects would be better explained by the direct cell toxicity of MgSO4. PMID- 6220943 TI - [Hygienic study of the stability of methylnitrophos and pentachloronitrobenzene used in agriculture]. PMID- 6220942 TI - Effects of nonhomology on bacteriophage lambda recombination. AB - When crosses are performed under conditions severely restricting DNA synthesis, the presence of DNA sequence nonhomologies in the lac region of lambda plac5 limits the parental material contribution to and the yield of phage recombinant in a region bracketed by the nonhomologies. These observations are consistent with the expectation of a role for branch migration in the formation of heteroduplex structures under these conditions. Under conditions permissive for DNA replication, bracketing a region with nonhomologies has an only modest effect on the yield of recombinants within that interval. In addition, recombinants within such a bracketed interval manifest an excess of coincident exchange events in an adjacent region. These observations suggest the possibility that, under conditions permissive for DNA replication, regions of nonhomology can be included in heteroduplex structures. PMID- 6220944 TI - [Hygienic evaluation of the working conditions and health status of construction workers]. PMID- 6220945 TI - [Hygienic evaluation of occupational noise at the atomic power plants with VVER 440 reactor]. PMID- 6220946 TI - Effect of celioscopic ovarian resection in patients with polycystic ovaries. AB - Ovarian resection was performed by means of celioscopy in 12 patients with polycystic ovaries (PCO), who had not responded to clomiphene + HCG therapy. This therapy had induced ovulation in only 14% of 56 therapeutic cycles. Ovarian resection through celioscopy induced ovulation in 45% of cycles. Clomiphene + HCG therapy after resection in patients with no spontaneous ovulation induced ovulation in 44% of cycles. Seven pregnancies followed in 5 women, equal to 41% of patients. Hormonal patterns (FSH, LH, E2, progesterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, testosterone) before and after resection showed no significant variation. The authors emphasize other advantages of this technique, such as fewer surgical injuries than laparotomy, relative harmlessness of the treatment, the possibility of repeating it and of performing subsequent laparotomy. PMID- 6220947 TI - Pattern of glycosaminoglycan distribution in tissue and blood vessels of human placenta. AB - The composition of separate crude glycosaminoglycan preparations from placental tissue and corresponding villous blood vessels was investigated in normal human placentas at various stages of maturation and in placentas from diabetic, toxemic and insufficient pregnancies. The crude preparations were separated into individual glycosaminoglycans and identified by means of electrophoresis on cellulose acetate prior or after specific enzymatic or chemical treatments. Relative amounts of individual glycosaminoglycans were estimated by densitometric scanning of the alcian blue-reactive electrophoretic bands. Irrespective of the nature of placenta, the contents of uronic acid and neutral sugar were higher in the preparations derived from blood vessels, as compared to placental tissue. Hyaluronic acid, chondroitin sulfates, heparan sulfate and dermatan sulfate were found in both preparations. The proportion of dermatan sulfate was higher while that of heparan sulfate was lower in the blood vessel preparations, compared to placental tissue. It is suggested that both heparan sulfate and dermatan sulfate may function as anticoagulants in their specific locations, namely, the maternal sinuses and the villous fetal blood vessels. The type of the glycosaminoglycan present may also influence the permeability of the tissue. PMID- 6220948 TI - The Nigerian environment and parasitic infections. PMID- 6220949 TI - Plasma levels of dehydroepiandrosterone and 17 beta-estradiol after intramuscular administration of Gynodian-Depot in 3 women. AB - Gynodian-Depot is well suited for treatment of the characteristic symptoms accompanying the menopause in women. The plasma levels of prasterone and 17 beta estradiol after intramuscular injection of Gynodian-Depot in women were studied using a radioimmunological method. The maximum active ingredient concentrations were found in the plasma of the subjects only a few days after administration. The depot action lasted on an average 14 days (17 beta-estradiol) and 18 days (prasterone) after administration, respectively. Prasterone enanthate is completely hydrolysed into the free steroid and the fatty acid. PMID- 6220950 TI - An analysis of the composition of the inflammatory infiltrate in autoimmune and hepatitis B virus-induced chronic liver disease. AB - The composition of the mononuclear cell infiltrate in the liver was studied in patients with autoimmune and hepatitis B virus (HBV)-induced liver disease. The ratio of inducer to cytotoxic/suppressor cells was greater in patients with lupoid chronic active liver disease, primary biliary cirrhosis, and HBeAb positive HBV-induced chronic active liver disease than in patients with HBeAg positive HBV-induced chronic hepatitis. In patients with chronic HBV-induced (HBeAb positive) liver disease, this ratio was greater in the periportal/portal area than in the lobule. These data are consistent with a relative deficiency of the cytotoxic/suppressor population of T cells in autoimmune liver diseases and possibly in HBeAb positive HBV-induced chronic active liver disease. In the latter patients, different ratios in the periportal and centrilobular zones suggest different mechanisms for periportal and lobular hepatitis. PMID- 6220951 TI - The carbohydrate-protein-binding region in proteokeratan sulfate from bovine cornea is not sulfated. AB - Peptidokeratan sulfate from bovine cornea was degraded without prior desulfation by hydrazinolysis and nitrous acid deamination and the products were reduced and labelled with NaB3H4. The chain disaccharide units gave, as expected, galactosyl 2,5-anhydromannitol disaccharides with no, one and two sulfate groups, respectively. Desulfation during the degradation procedure was less than 25%. The fraction of the degradation products containing the binding region was identified by its mannose content and size, further separated by mannose-specific affinity chromatography and high-voltage electrophoresis and analysed. 94% of its mannose was found in uncharged oligosaccharides. This indicates that the binding region oligosaccharide bears no sulfate groups. PMID- 6220952 TI - Human placental steroid-sulfatase. Kinetics of the in-vitro hydrolysis of dehydroepiandrosterone 3-sulfate and of 16 alpha-hydroxydehydroepiandrosterone 3 sulfate. AB - 35S-labeled sulfate esters of dehydroepiandrosterone and 16 alpha hydroxydehydroepiandrosterone were synthesized and used as substrates for the in vitro kinetic assay of human placental steroid-sulfatase. Both steroid sulfates were hydrolysed by placenta homogenates and microsomal fractions with V values comparable to each other. The Km value of the 16 alpha-hydroxy compound, however, was found to be about tenfold higher than that of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate. Both sulfate esters competitively inhibited each other's hydrolysis. The results suggest that dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, as compared to its 16 alpha-hydroxy derivative, is the preferred substrate of the sulfatase. As far as conclusions can be drawn from experiments in vitro, this finding excludes the possibility that the preponderance of placental estriol production over that of estradiol and estrone in human late pregnancy is due to a preferential binding and cleavage of the estriol precursor 16 alpha-hydroxydehydroepiandrosterone sulfate by the placental steroid-sulfatase. PMID- 6220953 TI - The pain clinic. Pain relief by electrical stimulation. PMID- 6220954 TI - Cardiac hypertrophy: biochemical and cellular relationships. AB - Cardiac hypertrophy can be looked at in several ways. Clinicians are concerned with the limits of adaptation to hemodynamic overload. Biologists seek to delineate the mechanisms that regulate synthesis of cellular components to meet functional demands. Understanding of the genetic mechanisms that control synthesis of cardiac protein could have clinical significance. PMID- 6220955 TI - Cellular immune function in rheumatic disease. AB - Investigation of the cellular immune function in patients with rheumatic diseases is important in elucidating the pathogenesis of the disease processes and in determining the associated abnormalities of recognition and regulation exerted by the immune system. However, because of the lack of specificity and the variations noted from laboratory to laboratory, tests of cellular immune function are, at present, of little value in the laboratory diagnosis of these diseases. The abnormalities found in the rheumatic diseases occur with many autoimmune diseases and other inflammatory states. The common pathway of immune abnormalities appears to be influenced by several factors. They include several genetic loci, possible environmental factors, and immunologic mechanisms, which appear to interact in an intimate way to induce various autoimmune diseases. PMID- 6220956 TI - A rare phenotype of phosphoglucomutase-2 first detected in Mongoloids. AB - In screening of the PGM system by isoelectric focusing a heterozygote with a rare allele of PGM2 was detected. Family studies and family register checkings for the propositus showed evidence of hereditary occurrence of this allele, and all the ancestors of the propositus were Japanese. Although there have been no reports among Mongoloids, the variant found in the present study is likely to be the first case of a rare phenotype of PGM2 among such populations. In addition, isoelectric focusing data on 411 Japanese samples are given. PMID- 6220957 TI - Human chromosomal polymorphism. IV. Chromosomal Q polymorphism in Russians living in Kirghizia. AB - Chromosomal Q polymorphism was studied in 200 Russian individuals (94 females and 106 males) living in Kirghizia. Of the 200 individuals, 191 had chromosomal Q polymorphic variants, while nine (4.5%) had no Q bands with fluorescence levels 4 and 5. The mean number of Q variants per individual ranged from 0 to 7, with a mean of 2.9. There were no differences in the frequency of Q variants between sexes. The observed homo- and heteromorphic frequencies completely agreed with those predicted by the law of Hardy-Weinberg. Of the 200 individuals, 12 (6.0%) had pericentric inversion of the Q band in chromosome 3, one individual (0.5%) having a homomorphic form of this inversion. The possible selective value of chromosomal Q heterochromatin material in the adaptation of human populations to extreme environmental factors, in particular to cold, and the possible taxonomic value of inverted Q heterochromatin bands in chromosome 3 in ethnic anthropology, are discussed. PMID- 6220958 TI - Meiotic chromosomes in a female with primary trisomic Down's syndrome. PMID- 6220959 TI - Down's syndrome in the male. Reproductive pathology and meiotic studies. AB - Studies on testicular histology and meiosis were carried out by the use of light and electron microscopy in an 18-year-old Down's syndrome male in an attempt to follow the fate of the extra chromosome 21 and to evaluate the effects of this condition on spermatogenesis and the reproductive functions. The histological changes in the testes corresponded to spermatogenic arrest. Electron microscopic whole-mount spreadings of meiotic cells in the pachytene stage showed that in most nuclei an extra chromosome 21 was not detectable. Only in a small number of nuclei, univalents or trivalents with segmental pairing structures of an extra chromosome could be discovered. In contrast, the great majority of (C-banded) diakinesis figures showed the presence of a supernumerary G (no. 21) chromosome. The absence of a traceable extra chromosome 21 in most pachytene cells is explained by the assumption that it is intimately connected with and hidden in the sex vesicle, whose complex structure does not allow the identification of single elements. Strong support for this assumption is seen (a) in the general tendency of narrow spatial association of unpaired segments with the XY complex and (b) in close structural similarities occurring between univalents or nonsynapsed segments of trivalents and the nonpaired segments of the sex chromosomes. It is suggested that the association or connection of an extra chromosome with the XY complex during pachytene interferes with the phenomenon of X inactivation. In animal systems such abnormal interference is related with spermatogenic breakdown and, in a general way, with male hybrid type sterility. So far, the range of sterility vs. fertility in cases of male Down's syndrome is not yet fully clear, but it appears that impairment of fertility, and sterility are most frequent. If so, it is proposed that the effect of the trisomy 21 condition on spermatogenesis (and fertility) is a consequence of the behavior of the extra chromosome in the meiotic prophase. PMID- 6220960 TI - Reexamination of paternal age effect in Down's syndrome. AB - The recent discovery that the extra chromosome in about 30% of cases of 47, trisomy 21 is of paternal origin has revived interest in the possibility of paternal age as a risk factor for a Down syndrome birth, independent of maternal age. Parental age distribution for 611 Down's syndrome 47, +21 cases was studied. The mean paternal age was 0.16 year greater than in the entire population of live births after controlling for maternal age. There was no evidence for a significant paternal age effect at the 0.05 level. For 242 of these Down's syndrome cases, control subjects were selected by rigidly matching in a systematic manner. Paternal age was the variable studied, with maternal age and time and place of birth controlled. There was no statistically significant association between paternal age and Down's syndrome. After adjustment for maternal age, these two studies were not consistent with an increase of paternal age in Down's syndrome. PMID- 6220961 TI - Polymer microbeads bound to C3 fragments for detecting and labeling cells with C3 receptors. AB - Monodisperse microbeads (mbs) of a hydrophilic polymer with diameters of 4 microns and 0.2 micron were prepared. To these mbs, IgM or a sugar was bound covalently, and then the mbs were treated with fresh human or mouse serum. This led to the activation of complement and to the binding of C3 fragments to the mbs. C3 fragments fixed on mbs varied with the type of immobilized substance on the mbs and the incubation time of the mbs with fresh serum. Three kinds of mbs binding C3 fragments were prepared: mbs binding C3b, C3bi and C3d (C3hu-mbs); the ones binding C3bi and C3d (C3mu-mbs); and the ones binding only C3b (C3bhu-mbs). They formed rosettes with cells which had the corresponding receptor. When lymphocytes were incubated with C3hu- or C3bhu-mbs with a diameter of 0.2 micron, cap formation of each receptor was observed under a microscope. Once prepared, C3hu-, C3mu- and C3bhu-mbs were stable for more than 4 months. PMID- 6220962 TI - HLA-DR positive cells in the human placenta. AB - A population of heterogeneous HLA-DR positive cells has been identified in the human placenta and decidua using immunochemical and histochemical methods. These cells are found in three areas: the subepithelial layer of the amnion, the decidua, and more sparsely within the chorionic villous stroma. In addition to HLA-A, -B and -C antigens, they also express the leucocyte-common antigen, indicating their origin from bone marrow precursors. The majority have a characteristic stellate shape with many cytoplasmic processes. In the villous stroma these stellate cells can be distinguished from the Hofbauer cells (placental macrophages) by their morphology, stronger expression of HLA-DR and lack of lysosomal enzyme activity. In the amnion and decidua they cannot be clearly distinguished from tissue macrophages. By using monoclonal antibodies specific for foetal or maternal HLA-A or -B allotypes, the HLA-DR positive cells in the chorionic villi and the amnion have been shown to be foetal in origin. In contrast, most of the HLA-DR positive cells in the decidua are maternal; a few adjacent to the basal plate are foetal. The preponderance of these cells in those areas of the placenta where foetal and maternal tissues are in close proximity is striking. The possibility that some of the cells are equivalent to the dendritic cells that have been described in other tissues is discussed. PMID- 6220963 TI - A comparison of membrane markers on rat cytotoxic cells. AB - The antigenic characteristics of cytotoxic T cells (CTL) and cells mediating antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) were defined using monoclonal antibodies W3/13, W3/25 and MRC OX8, and compared with the phenotype of natural killer (NK) cells previously defined by these antibodies. CTL, ADCC effector cells and NK cells were also tested for expression of Ia antigen using MRC OX6 monoclonal antibody. The fluorescence-activated cell sorter was used to separate effector populations into antigen-positive and antigen-negative subsets, and the cytotoxicity of the resultant lymphocyte fractions was then assessed using 6 hr 51Cr release assay and a quantitative method of analysis based on consideration of target cell lysis as an enzyme substrate reaction. CTL, ADCC effector cells and NK cells were W3/25 negative and OX6 negative. CTL were positive for W3/13 and OX8 antibody with no cytotoxicity in the W3/13 negative and OX8 negative fractions. In contrast, ADCC effector cells showed heterogeneity of staining with W3/13 and OX8 antibodies, with 50% cytotoxic activity in the W3/13 negative fraction, and 20-30% cytotoxic activity in the OX8 negative fraction. In parallel experiments, NK cells and ADCC effector cells showed identical marker heterogeneity when tested with W3/13 and OX8 antibodies. PMID- 6220964 TI - The role of I-J in the suppressor T-cell circuit which influences the effector stage of contact sensitivity: antigen together with syngeneic I-J region determinants induces and activates T suppressor cells. AB - One of the T suppressor circuits induced by picrylsulphonic acid includes the T suppressor cell (Ts-eff) which acts at the efferent stage of the contact sensitivity reaction and produces antigen-specific T suppressor factor (TsF). This factor does not act directly but arms a T acceptor cell (Tacc). This Tacc liberates a non-specific inhibitor when it is armed with TsF and then exposed to picrylated cells sharing the I-J genotype of the source of the TsF. This paper investigates the role of I-J region gene products in this T suppressor circuit. Two approaches were used. Syngeneic CBA (H-2k) lymphocytes were separated into I J+ and I-J- cells by treatment with anti-I-Jk serum followed by panning on anti immunoglobulin plates. The cells were then picrylated and used as a source of antigen. Alternatively, B10.A congeneic mice syngeneic (5R) or allogeneic (3R) with CBA at the I-J locus were picrylated and used similarly. The main findings were as follows. (i) The intravenous injection of picrylated I-J+ spleen cells but not a similar number of I-J- cells induced Ts-eff which blocked the transfer of contact sensitivity. Picrylated unseparated cells syngeneic, but not allogeneic, at the I-J locus were also effective. (ii) It is known that the lymphocytes of mice injected wit picrylsulphonic acid and then re-exposed to antigen by painting with picryl chloride liberate TsF in vitro. The re-exposure to antigen can be replaced by the intravenous injection of picrylated I-J+ cells or by cells syngeneic at the I-J locus the day before harvesting the spleen cells. (iii) The release of non-specific inhibitor by Tacc armed with TsF requires exposure to picrylated I-J+ cells or cells syngeneic at the I-J locus. The requirement for antigen on a cell bearing syngeneic I-J suggests that antigen together with I-J is an activation signal in this T-cell circuit. The simplest explanation is that the receptor of the pristine Ts and of the mature Ts-eff is similar to T suppressor factor. PMID- 6220965 TI - Lymphocyte chemotaxis in inflammation. VI. Lyt phenotype analysis of effector cells responsible for producing murine lymphocyte chemotactic factor. AB - Murine lymphocyte chemotactic factor (LCF) was demonstrated in various culture fluids of C3H/HeN lymphoid cells stimulated with specific soluble protein antigen, mitogen or alloantigenic cells. Further experiments, using monoclonal anti-Thy 1.2, anti-Lyt 1.1 and anti-Lyt 2.1 antibodies for negative selection with complement (C), were carried out to characterize the effector-cell populations responsible for producing LCF after these stimuli. Treatment of sensitized lymph node (LN) cells with either anti-Thy 1.2, or anti-Lyt 1.1 and C resulted in an almost complete elimination of the capacity to produce LCF after dinitrophenylated-ovalbumin-stimulation. In addition, spleen cells treated with these antibodies and C before stimulation with either alloantigen (irradiated C57BL/6 spleen cells or concanavalin A [Con A]) yielded almost the same results as those for LN cells. In contrast, depletion of Lyt cells, under conditions which fully abrogated the generation of cytotoxic T cells in primary mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC) and the cytotoxic activity of the cells generated in MLC, had little or no ability to eliminate LCF production in either system. It was thus suggested that Lyt 1+2- T-cell subpopulations were primarily responsible for LCF production after stimulation with either specific protein antigen, alloantigen, or Con A. PMID- 6220966 TI - Autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction in man: further characterization of responding cells. AB - Experiments were performed to determine the type of cells undergoing thymidine incorporation in 7-day autologous mixed lymphocyte reactions (AMLR). Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBM) were separated into B cells, T cells, B + Null cells and T + Null cell-enriched populations. Cells were cultured in various combinations. Monocytes were removed to determine their influence on AMLR. The main thymidine-incorporating cells in cultures were shown to be Null cells and to a lesser extent T cells. Monocytes were found to have a more pronounced suppressor effect on stimulation of T cells by non-T cell populations in younger individuals than in the elderly. Whether Null cells undergo a spontaneous blastogenesis in culture or are stimulated by T or B cells, could not be answered by the present investigation. PMID- 6220967 TI - The effect of oligopeptides on the C3b receptor-mediated functions of rat macrophages. AB - Effects of various substances known to influence macrophage functions on the adherence of C3b-coated sheep erythrocytes (E-C3b) and their phagocytosis by elicited rat peritoneal macrophages (PM) has been studied. Different oligopeptides (OP) having a chemotactic effect, such as tuftsin, angiotensin II (At II) and the OP-fraction of a lymphokine preparation (LK-OP) increased both adherence and phagocytosis of E-C3b in a concentration-dependent fashion. In contrast, neither substances influencing the membrane cation transport nor prostaglandins (PG) and cyclic nucleotides significantly changed the C3b receptor (C3bR)-dependent effector functions of macrophages. Enhanced functions of the C3bR were not associated with an increased capability of PMs for intracellular killing of Candida albicans. PMID- 6220968 TI - Structural comparison of I-A antigens produced by a cloned murine T suppressor cell line with B-cell-derived I-A. AB - A cloned, antigen-specific T suppressor cell line derived from a CBA mouse expresses large amounts of I-A and I-E antigens. Comparative two-dimensional polyacrylamid gel electrophoresis of biosynthetically labeled I-A antigens immunoprecipitated with a variety of monoclonal I-Ak-specific antibodies suggested that alpha, beta and Ii polypeptide chains are identical with B-cell derived I-A. Dimeric complexes formed by I-A chains derived from B or T suppressor cells were also similar with two major exceptions. Pulse-labeled T cell-derived Ia antigen was complexed with two additional unknown components of about 31K. These components were not visible in pulse-chased (processed) materials. In addition, T suppressor-cell-derived I-A antigens did not contain S S linked dimers consisting of processed alpha and beta chains, which are usually formed during solubilization of B cells. We consider the possibility that in T cells these chains are associated with other structures, thus preventing S-S linkage between alpha and beta chains. PMID- 6220969 TI - Interaction of Ia antigen-bearing polymorphonuclear leukocytes and murine splenocytes. AB - Polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) were induced in the peritoneum of a Balb/c mouse by ip injection of Fusobacterium nucleatum (FN) (greater than 95% PMN). A subpopulation of PMN harvested bore Ia surface antigens and stimulated a mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) when cultured with C57B1/6J splenocytes. The reaction was blocked by a short prior incubation of PMN with anti-Ia antibody or PMN cell depletion by the same antibody plus complement. The Ia antigen-bearing PMN were capable of antigenic modulation since incubation of PMN for 24 h rendered the cells incapable of stimulating an MLR. The Ia antigen-bearing PMN produced a soluble material that enhanced the phytohemagglutinin (PHA) response of murine splenocytes and the active material was a product of live cells since the supernatants contained no detectable lactate dehydrogenase activity. The data suggest that murine PMN subpopulations, defined by surface Ia antigen, can modulate mitogenic responses by production of an enhancing factor(s). PMID- 6220970 TI - Role of antibody response helper factors in immunosuppressive effects of friend leukemia virus. AB - The primary antibody response of BALB/c splenocytes to sheep erythrocytes in vitro was suppressed by infection with Friend leukemia virus (FLV), with the response capacity decreasing with increasing duration of infection. The acquisition of normal antibody responses was amplified by macrophage-produced antibody response helper factor(s). FLV-infected mice were treated with bacterial lipopolysaccharide to induce the release of these helper factors into the serum. Similar to the loss of antibody response capacity by their splenocytes, the FLV infected mice progressively lost the ability to produce helper factors in response to lipopolysaccharide. In vitro cultures of FLV-infected cells also showed a depressed ability to produce helper factor activity both spontaneously and in response to lipopolysaccharide stimulation. The reconstitution of normal levels of exogenous helper factors to FLV-infected splenocytes restored the antibody response to normal or even elevated levels. These studies indicate that the mechanism for suppression of antibody responses by FLV involves the depression of antibody response helper factor production. PMID- 6220971 TI - Effective antibacterial protection induced by a Listeria monocytogenes-specific T cell clone and its lymphokines. AB - The capacity of the murine Listeria monocytogenes-specific T cell clone 9-36-1 and of lymphokines derived therefrom to induce antibacterial protection in vivo was studied. Clone 9-36-1 was stimulated to proliferate and to produce lymphokines by in vitro culture with syngeneic accessory cells and heat-killed L. monocytogenes. Although 9-36-1 cells were highly active in vitro, intravenous transfer of the cells resulted in marginal protection against a systemic infection with L. monocytogenes. In contrast, 9-36-1 cells injected subcutaneously together with L. monocytogenes into the footpad induced marked protection in syngeneic, but not in allogeneic, mice. Multiplication of Salmonella typhimurium was not reduced by the T cell clone. Studies with 51Cr labeled T cells indicated that the low activity of intravenously transferred cells was due to an altered migration pattern. Lymphokines produced by 9-36-1 cells in vitro induced protection against L. monocytogenes in syngeneic recipient mice. Lymphokine-induced protection was also demonstrable in allogeneic recipients and against S. typhimurium. These findings suggest that the L. monocytogenes-specific T cell clone 9-36-1, although unable to immigrate into sites of bacterial deposition, had retained its ability to mobilize antibacterial defense mechanisms once present at the site of reaction. PMID- 6220973 TI - Modification of macrophage phagocytosis in murine cryptococcosis. AB - Normal C57BL/6J peritoneal cells exhibited a decreased phagocytosis when cultured with a cell wall antigen of Cryptococcus sp. and lymphocytes from mice infected with C. neoformans. Direct cell-to-cell interaction was not required in that supernatant fluids from cultures of lymphocytes from infected animals could be incubated with normal macrophage monolayers to give comparable suppression. The induction of the suppressor factor required specific cryptococcal antigen; however, suppression at the macrophage level was nonspecific in that the phagocytosis of C. neoformans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae were both decreased. Suppression appeared with lymphocyte supernatants taken from mice infected for 14 days and thereafter. The factor was heat stable, trypsin sensitive, and allospecific. PMID- 6220972 TI - Role of antibody and enterobactin in controlling growth of Escherichia coli in human milk and acquisition of lactoferrin- and transferrin-bound iron by Escherichia coli. AB - Growth of Escherichia coli NCTC 8623 in human milk was slow during the first 10 h of incubation, but this bacteriostatic effect had disappeared by 24 h. The bacteriostatic phase could be abolished by adding sufficient iron to saturate the lactoferrin in human milk, and also by adding supernatant from a 24-h milk culture or by adding enterobactin, an enterobacterial iron chelator. Growth in the presence of enterobactin was even more rapid than in the presence of excess iron. Partial loss of bacteriostatic activity could be achieved by absorbing the milk with bacterial antigens, but no clear correlation with removal of antibodies to O, K, or H antigens was apparent. When E. coli was grown in human serum trace labeled with 59Fe, the organisms acquired iron from transferrin during growth. Cultivation of E. coli in a minimal medium supplemented with transferrin or lactoferrin doubly labeled with 125I and 59Fe showed that iron acquisition occurred without either assimilation or degradation of the iron-binding proteins. PMID- 6220974 TI - Role of the major histocompatibility complex in resistance and granuloma formation in response to Mycobacterium lepraemurium infection. AB - Resistance to a subcutaneous infection with a moderate dose of Mycobacterium lepraemurium was investigated in C57BL/6 mice and in three congenic strains with the BALB background (BALB/c, BALB/B, and BALB/K). Resistance after 10 weeks of infection was found not to be linked to the major histocompatibility complex. The ability to develop a delayed hypersensitivity response to an ultrasonicate of M. lepraemurium was associated with the background genes, and this ability had no influence on resistance to M. lepraemurium. Granuloma formation at the infection site in the early stages appeared to be linked to the H-2b haplotype. The types of cells involved in the granulomas were also investigated. PMID- 6220975 TI - Studies in immunodermatology. IX. Effect of organic solvents and enzymes on the reactivity of stratum corneum antigens. AB - Explants of normal skin fail to react in direct immunofluorescence tests with stratum corneum antibodies. However, upon stripping with cellophane tape, the horny layer of such explants react in tissue culture. Swabbing of skin explants with ether and chloroform converts stratum corneum antigen (SCAg) from a nonreactive to a reactive form. Treatment with methanol, acetone or phosphate buffered saline failed to bring about such a conversion. Treatment of skin explants with hyaluronidase and phosphilipase A converst SCAg of at least some skin explants to a reactive form. Treatment with trypsin, chymotrypsin and plasmin abolished the reactivity of SCAg upon prolonged incubation. However, upon short incubation with plasmin, SCAg was converted to a reactive form. PMID- 6220976 TI - Radiation-resistant IgE-secreting cells in the mouse: susceptibility to suppressor T cells. AB - X-irradiation (800 or 1,000 R) of Balb/c mice displaying 'persistent' high-titer anti-ovalbumin IgE responses resulted in only minor decreases in antibody titres measured 40 days later, indicating that the bulk of IgE production could be ascribed to long-lived radiation-resistant (and thus non-dividing) plasma cells. IgE-specific suppressor T cells from ovalbumin-tolerant mice did not affect ongoing persistent IgE synthesis by these plasma cells, but prevented their emergence in ovalbumin-immunized mice and in those adoptively immunized with splenocytes from animals displaying persistent IgE responses. PMID- 6220977 TI - A reevaluation of the concanavalin A induced suppressor cell assay in man. AB - Several methods are used to evaluate the in vitro suppressor function of human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL). Recently however, the validity of these assays has been questioned, because possible artefacts may lead to misinterpretation of the results. A reevaluation of these assays has been performed, and a simple and reproducible technique necessitating only one bleeding has been developed. Pretreatment of human PBL with concanavalin A (ConA) results in an inhibition of 3H-thymidine incorporation after ConA stimulation by cocultured untreated autologous or allogeneic PBL collected at the same time and incubated under the same conditions as the inhibitory PBL. It is concluded that true suppression is responsible for the observed inhibition of the response to ConA and that this assay can be used to assess the functional ability of suppressor cells in different clinical situations. PMID- 6220978 TI - Gel-chromatographic analysis of 99mTc-labeled human serum albumin prepared with Sn(II) as the reductant. AB - The labeling of human serum albumin (HSA) with 99mTc using Sn(II) as the reductant has been reinvestigated in view of the possibility of formation of Sn Tc colloids. Preparations of 99mTc-HSA and mixtures of 99mTc-TcO-4 with Sn(II)Cl2 have been analyzed by means of gel chromatography using various gel matrices and eluents. No Sn-Tc colloids could be eluded from samples of 99mTc-HSA preparations. The percentage of labeling was about 90%. A comparative investigation of a number of gel-chromatographic systems for the detailed analysis of 99mTc-HSA has been made. It is found that a long column with Sephadex G-200 gives the best results. PMID- 6220979 TI - Chemical quality control of [99mTc]plasmin by affinityradiochromatography. AB - To establish a method for radiochemical quality control of [99mTc]plasmin based on the known affinity of plasmin for lysine residues, human [113Sn]plasmin and [99mTc]plasmin formed by different methods were analyzed in an affinityradiochromatographic system of lysine coupled to CNBr-activated sepharosis. From the observed immobilizations of the radioactivity when the plasmin was bound to the lysine-sepharosis, radiochemical purities of radiolabelled plasmin could be calculated. The effects of presence of Sn(II) and tartaric and gentisic acid and the remobilizations induced by 6-aminohexanoic acid were studied. PMID- 6220980 TI - A new method for radiolabeling of Gelfoam particles with 99mTc. AB - Embolization of the spleen and other organs using Gelfoam has recently gained acceptance as a therapeutic procedure. A simple non-invasive determination of the placement of Gelfoam particles is needed and this requires labeling Gelfoam with radionuclides. We have developed a simple, reliable reproducible, and inexpensive method of labeling Gelfoam with 99mTc using commercial sulfur colloid kits. Optimal reaction conditions include room temperature incubation for 60 min at 12 rpm rotation. In vitro stability indicated no loss of 99mTc activity up to 3 h post labeling. Imaging of intra-arterially placed 99mTc Gelfoam at 1 h and 24 h in animals and humans has consistently produced well-defined images of the radioemboli. PMID- 6220981 TI - The preparation of dry, monodisperse microspheres of [99mTc]albumin for lung ventilation imaging. AB - 2 micron microspheres of albumin were prepared and labelled with 99mTc according to published methods. However, when the labelling technique was repeated without the inclusion of microspheres, apparent labelling, which was attributed to the formation of a 99mTc tin colloid, was still observed. It was not possible to identify 99mTc tin colloid in the presence of 99mTc microspheres. To establish conditions under which there was no 99mTc tin colloid formation, labelling, with and without microspheres, was studied at low pH for a range of SnCl2 X 2H2O concentrations. A "kit" containing 0.4 mg of microspheres and 1 microgram of SnCl2 X 2H2O in 1 ml of 25 mM HCl gave optimum labelling of 88.3% (SD 3.9, n = 38). Unlabelled and labelled kits were stable for 1 and 3 h respectively. Before administration, the microspheres were resuspended in ethanol, in which they were stable for 6 h. None of the preparations contained 99mTc tin colloid. PMID- 6220982 TI - Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. The first five years and the future. PMID- 6220983 TI - The heart in acromegaly: an echocardiographic study. AB - We used echocardiography to study anatomic and functional changes of the heart in 25 patients with acromegaly. Asymmetric septal hypertrophy was found in 10 patients, in the range of 12 to 30 mm, with an average of 16 mm. The degree of septum-thickness was severe in 1 case, marked in 5 cases and mild in 4 cases. Concentric left ventricular hypertrophy was present in 1 patient. In 8 patients the left ventricle was normal and left ventricular dilatation of more than 60 mm was present in 6 cases. Except in one patient, the ejection fraction was decreased in the dilated group, indicating diminished myocardial contractility. The growth hormone level was higher in patients with left ventricular hypertrophy as compared to those patients with normal or dilated left ventricles. In acromegaly primary myocardial hypertrophy may be related to the growth hormone level. PMID- 6220984 TI - The effect of PS-K, a protein bound polysaccharide, on immune responses against allogeneic antigens. AB - A single dose of PS-K administered to C57B1/6J mice after immunization augmented both the humoral and cellular allogeneic responses against P815 tumor cells. PS-K addition to primary alloantigen sensitization cultures (C57B1/6J spleen cells against X-irradiated P815 cells) resulted in augmented 3H-thymidine uptake and cell mediated cytolytic activity. Ten daily administrations of PS-K to DBA/2J mice after implantation of a mammary tumor of DBA/2HaDD origin results in increased tumor regression and prolonged survival of the mice. PS-K addition to human mixed lymphocyte cultures caused an augmentation of both cell mediated cytolytic activity and 3H thymidine uptake. The dose dependence of the PS-K effects were described by a bell shaped curve and PS-K did not appear to affect the day of peak development of the various responses. The effects were consistently greater if PS-K was administered at the same time or after antigen presentation. Thus, the immunoaugmenting effects induced by PS-K were similar in each model system tested. PMID- 6220985 TI - Two-dimensional echocardiographic measurements of left ventricular volume and stroke volume of endurance-trained athletes and untrained subjects. AB - The left ventricular volume (EDV), the left ventricular total volume (TDV), and the stroke volume (SV) of 40 male untrained subjects and 68 endurance athletes were determined using one-dimensional echocardiography, two-dimensional echocardiography, and a combined method. The accuracy of the volume and stroke volume measurements was checked by comparing them to ergometrically determined maximum oxygen pulse (max O2-P) and to radiographic heart volume (HV). There was clear improvement in the EDV, TDV, and SV measurements when using two-dimensional echocardiography and the combined method in comparison to one-dimensional echocardiography. The best correlation to the max-O2-P was reached by TDV2 (combined method, r = 0.8738). This method includes the myocardium of the left ventricle similar to heart volume measurements. The relationship is as close as between HV and max O2-P (r = 0.8665). The method suggested here is sufficiently accurate to be used in performance diagnosis to determine the size of the left ventricular volume and to classify pathological size changes or those due to training. PMID- 6220986 TI - The epidemiological evaluation, in Burma, of the skin test reagent LRA6; a cell free extract from armadillo-derived Mycobacterium leprae. Part 1: Leprosy patients. PMID- 6220987 TI - The epidemiological evaluation, in Burma, of the skin test reagent LRA6; a cell free extract from armadillo-derived Mycobacterium leprae. Part 2: Close contacts and non-contacts of bacilliferous leprosy patients. PMID- 6220988 TI - Concepts of acne of the British school of dermatology prior to 1860. PMID- 6220989 TI - Monoclonal antibodies for clinical investigation of human T lymphocytes. PMID- 6220990 TI - Computed tomographic, neurologic, and neuropsychological correlates of Huntington's disease. AB - Twenty-six patients with Huntington's disease (HD) and three subjects at risk for HD were evaluated by computed tomographic, neurologic and neuropsychological examinations. These data were used to delineate the sequence of structural changes in early and intermediate HD, and the relationship of these changes to impairment of neurologic and cognitive function. CT scans documented an early neostriatal-frontal focus of atrophy in HD which spreads caudally over the cerebral cortex during the course of the disease. Chorea was positively correlated with caudate atrophy. Functional and cognitive (especially memory and visuospatial) impairments were strongly related to the degree of atrophy. Multiple regression analyses of CT and neuropsychological data further demonstrated that neostriatal changes make a significant contribution to the cognitive as well as to the motor impairments of HD patients. PMID- 6220991 TI - Amplification of natural killer activity of mouse lymphocytes by vincristine. AB - The possible influence of Vincristine (VCR) on NK-mediated cytolysis has been studied pretreating effector (E) or target (T) cells with the drug or adding the agent to E + T mixture during the 18-hour assay. Substantial increase of cytotoxicity was found when VCR was added to E + T cells, but not when effector or target cells were pretreated with the drug. This phenomenon was confirmed with effector splenocytes of various strains of mice, including athymic nude donors deprived of plastic-adherent or nylon-wool adherent accessory cells. Moreover, the agent did not produce irreversible inactivation of the suppression activity of splenocytes collected from DBA/2 donors infected with Friend leukaemia virus. PMID- 6220992 TI - Mucopoietic activity of zolimidine: is its effect through cellular turnover or by modification of the gastric mucosal blood flow? AB - Zolimidine 2-(methylsulphonyl-phenyl)-imidazo-(1,2-a)pyridine produces a high percentage of healing of gastro-duodenal ulcers. The action of the drug develops through an increase of protective factors on the gastric mucosal barrier. This study has the purpose of evaluating if the action of the drug is also mediated by microvascular factors. The analysis of the values of BAO, MAO and PAO confirmed that treatment with zolimidine does not modify gastric acid secretion; the values of the Neutral Red clearance at PAO, before and after the treatment, do not show a statistically significant variation of the gastric mucosal blood flow. According to the most recent literature, the increase of the gastric mucopoietic activity is carried out by a direct cellular action. PMID- 6220993 TI - [Plasmapheresis therapy. Immunopathologic concepts]. PMID- 6220994 TI - [Laparoscopy 1982. Importance in differential liver diagnosis]. PMID- 6220995 TI - [Diffuse calcifications of the liver]. PMID- 6220997 TI - Census of the mentally handicapped. PMID- 6220996 TI - The results of the first 150 cases investigated by urodynamic techniques at Jervis Street Hospital. PMID- 6220998 TI - Census of the mentally handicapped in the Republic of Ireland, 1981. PMID- 6220999 TI - Noninvasive echo-Doppler duplex measurements of common femoral artery blood flow variables during supine exercise and post-occlusive reactive hyperemia. AB - Noninvasive dynamic measurements of common femoral artery blood flow (CFBF) and stroke volume (CFSV) during supine exercise (SE) and staged post-occlusive reactive hyperemia (PORH) in normal subjects using an echo-Doppler duplex scanner (DS) would provide baseline hemodynamic data in the study of the peripheral circulation in resting, stressed, and diseased conditions. Heart rate (HR), CFBF, and CFSV were determined at rest (R), after 5 minutes of SE on an ergometer (30 rpm) at 30, 60, 90-watt loads and after a 3-minute recovery. The same variables were also calculated after periods of 2-, 5-, and 10-minute thigh occlusions (greater than 240 mm Hg cuff pressure). Measurements of spatial average blood velocities and lumen diameters were used to calculate CFBF. Ankle pressure (AP) and brachial pressure (BP) were determined, and the ratio of systolic AP to systolic BP, the ankle index (AI), was calculated. As in vitro validation of the DS method was accomplished using a hydraulic model of CFBF (r = 0.98). Mean values for maximal CFBF following SE and PORH were 0.81 and 1.53 l/min, respectively. With SE, increases in CFBF and CFSV and decreases in AI were significantly (p less than .05) only at 60- and 90-watt loads. Increases in CFBF and CFSV and decreases in AP and AI were significantly different (p less than .05) from rest for the three occlusion durations and show a linear trend. This study suggests that the DS method can noninvasively and quantitatively measure CFBF and CFSV at rest following SE and during PORH. PMID- 6221000 TI - [Lymphomatoid papulosis. Review and personal observation of 4 patients]. AB - 121 patients with lymphomatoid papulosis from the literature are reviewed with respect to clinical and histological features, laboratory findings, therapy and course of the disease. In addition, clinical, histological, enzymecytochemical and immunological findings in four own patients with lymphomatoid papulosis are reported. Males are more often affected than females. The typical clinical features are papules measuring 1-2 cm in diameter, most frequently located at the extremities. The course of the disease is rhythmic prolonged over many years. Transition into malignant lymphoma occurs. The presence of blasts and epidermotropism of the infiltrate are obligatory histological criteria. Mitoses are present in about two thirds of the patients. Signs of vasculitis, eosinophilic and neutrophilic granulocytes are found in less than half of the patients. Based on enzyme cytochemical and immunocytological findings in conjunction with the course of the disease lymphomatoid papulosis is designated as pseudolymphoma of T-cell type. PMID- 6221001 TI - Echocardiographic identification of left ventricular cavity obliteration. PMID- 6221002 TI - [Otophyma--a rare disease]. PMID- 6221003 TI - Primary and secondary MLR characterization of three allelic variants of HLA-Dw7 segregating in a single family. AB - Three of four parental haplotypes of a kindred from the Old Order Amish religious isolate carried HLA-DR7 and specificities of the HLA-Dw7 "cluster." Intrafamily primary and secondary mixed lymphocyte responses clearly distinguished the three Dw7-related allelic specificities. Two of the specificities fall within the Dw11 crossreacting group, designated here as Dw11 "short" (Dw11S) and Dw11 "long" (Dw11L), while the third is more closely related to Dw7. Reaction patterns in this family illustrate the complexity of antigen recognition in primary and secondary mixed lymphocyte responses and the important role played by the responder cell in generating discriminatory primed lymphocyte typing reagents. PMID- 6221004 TI - Hodgkin's disease susceptibility: linkage to the HLA locus demonstrated by a new concordance method. AB - The role of genetic susceptibility in the pathogenesis of Hodgkin's Disease has been considered relatively minor because of the rarity of familial disease, the absence of an identified pattern of inheritance, and the weakness of HLA associations in population studies. The availability of four prospectively ascertained HD families permitted reappraisal of the cosegregation of HLA and HD susceptibility by a new extended concordance analysis method. HLA haplotype concordance among patients was greater than that expected by chance alone for our four families (P less than 0.022) and also for these in combination with twelve informative families in the literature (P less than 0.0015). This study thus provides a new method, based on genotype concordance of affected relatives, for assessing linkage of HLA and disease susceptibility, and new evidence for the genetic control of susceptibility to HD. The model presented, as well as alternative and more complex models, points to the existence of an HD susceptibility gene in or near the HLA region, which, in the presence of a suitable etiologic agent or additional genetic susceptibility, leads to the induction of HD. PMID- 6221005 TI - Repeated development and regression of exercise-induced cardiac hypertrophy in rats. PMID- 6221006 TI - Vitamin A-responsive dermatosis in the dog. AB - In 3 dogs, focal, well-circumscribed skin lesions compatible clinically with seborrheic dermatitis responded to oral treatment with vitamin A. Skin biopsy findings were compatible with phrynoderma in man, a disease thought to be associated with vitamin A deficiency. The dogs had been fed commercial dog food and were otherwise healthy. The skin lesions resolved rapidly and completely with vitamin A therapy. Seven other dogs with similar lesions but with histopathologic findings not compatible with phrynoderma or follicular keratosis did not respond to vitamin A therapy. PMID- 6221007 TI - Quantitative changes of endogenous unconjugated and sulfated steroids in human testis in relation to synthesis of testosterone in vitro. Influence of a precursor steroid, dehydroepiandrosterone. PMID- 6221008 TI - Factors affecting disappearance of feedstuffs from bags suspended in the rumen. AB - Four experiments were conducted to examine the effect of various factors on in situ digestion of feedstuffs in the rumen of Holstein cows. In Exp. 1, the effect of various days, animals and animal diets on in situ digestion was evaluated. Measured disappearance of dry matter (DM) and nitrogen (N) from soybean meal (SBM) suspended in dacron bags was lowest when the host animal was fed a high grain diet. No effect due to animals, day of incubation or period of experimentation was observed. The effect of bag porosity and substrate particle size on DM and N disappearance from bags was studied in Exp. 2. Rip-stop nylon, a material with small pores, appeared to decrease the influx of digesting agents into bags and limited efflux of digested residues from bags when compared with bags made from dacron polyester material. Disappearance of DM and N from SBM and distillers grains (DG) in rip-stop nylon bags was greater when these feedstuffs were in the pulverized form rather than in the commercially processed form. In Exp. 3, dacron and Acropore bags, with pore sizes of 52 and 5 microns, respectively, were used to examine DM and N disappearance, in the rumen of cows, from total mixed diets containing various dietary N sources. Lower DM and N disappearance from Acropore bags was observed for each of the diets regardless of time spent in the rumen; much of the difference was established within the first hour. The effect of formaldehyde treatment on degradation of amino acids from SBM suspended in dacron bags in the rumen for 16 h was studied in Exp. 4. Increased resistance of SBM amino acids to degradation in the rumen was observed as a result of formaldehyde treatment levels as low as .3% by weight. A possible increase in protection of lysine from degradation relative to other amino acids was also observed. PMID- 6221009 TI - Influence of an experimental infection of swine kidneyworm (Stephanurus dentatus) on performance of pigs. AB - Forty pigs (average 25.2 kg live weight) were individually housed and fed to study the effect of a single infection of Stephanurus dentatus (either 0, 72, 457 or 842 S. dentatus larvae/kg body weight) on performance of growing-finishing pigs. Final weight and average daily gain were depressed (P less than .05) by increasing levels of kidneyworm infections. Average daily gain of pigs not infected was 69% greater (P less than .05) than that of pigs given 842 S. dentatus larvae/kg body weight. Feed to gain ratios of pigs were increased linearly (P less than .05) with increasing levels of kidneyworm larvae. Feed to gain ratio for pigs not infected was 24% less (P less than .05) than that for pigs given 842 kidneyworm larvae/kg body weight. In each of two trials, eight crossbred barrows (average 26.0 kg in trial 1 and 22.6 kg body weight in trial 2) were examined for the effects of two levels of kidneyworm infections (0 and 457 larvae/kg body weight) on digestion and absorption of nutrients and on N balance. Digestion coefficients for dry matter, crude protein and energy for pigs not infected and for those experimentally infected were similar (P greater than .05). Pigs not infected had higher (P less than .01) N intakes, excreted more (P less than .05) N in feces and urine and had a higher (P less than .01) N balance than pigs infected with kidneyworms, due largely to difference in feed intake. PMID- 6221010 TI - Bactericidal activity of norfloxacin and nine other urinary tract antibiotics against Gram-negative bacilli causing bacteriuria in chronically catheterized patients. AB - We compared the bactericidal activities of norfloxacin and nine other oral urinary tract antibiotics against 344 Gram-negative bacilli causing bacteriuria in chronically catheterized patients. Norfloxacin killed all organisms at 32 mg/l, 91% of isolates at 2 mg/l, and was the most active antibiotic tested. PMID- 6221011 TI - Mediastinal emphysema and pneumothorax: an unusual complication during peritoneoscopy. PMID- 6221012 TI - Structural studies of fc receptors. II. The effect of dissociation and reassociation of phospholipids on the activity of Fc gamma receptors of macrophages. AB - The receptor for the Fc portion of immunoglobulin G (Fc receptor) of guinea pig macrophages was solubilized with a detergent and partially delipidated to the point where the ligand binding activity was essentially lost. Delipidation of the Fc receptor was done by fractionating the macrophage lysate by gel filtration in the presence of detergent. The elution behavior of Fc receptor-detergent complex and phospholipid-detergent mixed micelles varied depending on the kind of detergents used for membrane solubilization and for gel filtration. Separation of phospholipids from Fc receptor was best achieved when octylglucoside-solubilized fraction was chromatographed on Sepharose CL-6B in the presence of deoxycholate; the phospholipid peak emerged at Kav = 0.55 and the Fc receptor at Kav = 0.45. The fraction of Kav = 0.45 showed only a marginal activity when the activity was measured after removal of detergents, but activity was clearly shown when phospholipid fraction was added to this fraction prior to removal of the detergents. Reappearance of the Fc receptor activity was shown to be due to association of phospholipids with the Fc receptor. Three kinds of phospholipids with different polar head groups examined, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylserine, and phosphatidylethanolamine, were all able to reconstitute active Fc receptor, although phosphatidylethanolamine was somewhat less effective than the others. Thus, our study demonstrated the amphipathic nature of the Fc receptor, the binding of which is dependent on the interaction with phospholipids. PMID- 6221013 TI - Crystallographic studies of the chicken gizzard G-actin X DNase I complex at 5A resolution. AB - The structure of the chicken gizzard G-actin X DNase I complex has been determined at 5 A resolution by an X-ray diffraction method. Protein phases were computed by the multiple isomorphous replacement method using four heavy atom derivatives. The mean figure of merit was 0.65. Dimensions of the three molecular species, the complex, G-actin and DNase I, were determined based on the "cypress wood" models derived from the electron density map. The natures of the heavy atom binding sites are discussed in relation to the distinction between the two component molecules. The pattern of successive contacts between actin molecules observed in the present crystal seems unrelated to that found in F-actin. PMID- 6221014 TI - Cytoplasmic dynein of the sea urchin egg. II. Purification, characterization and interactions with microtubules and Ca-calmodulin. AB - Purification of cytoplasmic dynein from unfertilized sea urchin eggs was performed in the presence of protease inhibitors to avoid proteolysis throughout the purification procedure, which comprised several chromatographies, including a calmodulin-Sepharose 4B affinity column chromatography. This is the first report of the purification of cytoplasmic dynein to near homogeneity. The purified fraction was composed of a single high molecular weight polypeptide and some minor low molecular weight polypeptides. The high molecular weight polypeptide comigrated with flagellar dynein A beta chain from sperm on SDS-polyacrylamide gels. There was no polypeptide stainable with periodic acid-Schiff reagent (PAS) in the purified cytoplasmic dynein fraction. Cytoplasmic dynein showed characteristics quite similar to those of axonemal dynein, i.e. high substrate specificity for ATP and inhibition by low concentrations of vanadate, though its Ca-ATPase activity showed almost the same dependence on the concentration of either divalent cations or KC1 as the Mg-ATPase activity. The purified enzyme seemed to possess functional form as judged from its properties: 1) pH dependence of the ATPase activity, 2) dependence of the ATPase activity on MgCl2 and KCl concentration, 3) Km for Mg-ATP, and 4) binding to flagellar doublet microtubules. Cytoplasmic dynein bound to calmodulin-Sepharose 4B only in the presence of Ca2+, and was eluted with EGTA. Furthermore, the ATPase activity was enhanced 6-fold by calmodulin in a Ca2+-dependent manner. The activation by calmodulin was prevented by a stoichiometric amount of trifluoperazine. PMID- 6221015 TI - Endothelial cell labeling with indium-111-oxine as a marker of cell attachment to bioprosthetic surfaces. AB - Canine vascular endothelium labeled with indium-111-oxine was used as a marker of cell attachment to vascular prosthetic surfaces with complex textures. Primarily cultured and freshly harvested endothelial cells both took up the label rapidly. An average of 72% of a 32 micro Ci labeling dose was taken up by 1.5 X 10(6) cells in 10 min in serum-free medium. Over 95% of freshly labeled cells were viable by trypan blue tests and only 5% of the label was released after 1 h incubations at 37 degrees C. Labeled and unlabeled cells had similar rates of attachment to plastic dishes. Scanning electron microscopic studies showed that labeled cells retained their ability to spread on tissue culture dishes even at low (1%) serum levels. Labeled endothelial cells seeded onto Dacron or expanded polytetrafluoroethylene vascular prostheses by methods used in current surgical models could be identified by autoradiography of microscopic sections of the prostheses, and the efficiency of cell attachment to the prosthesis could be measured by gamma counting. Indium-111 labeling affords a simple and rapid way to measure initial cell attachment to, and distribution on, vascular prosthetic materials. The method could also allow measurement of early cell loss from a flow surface in vivo by using external gamma imaging. PMID- 6221016 TI - Family break-down and stress in Huntington's chorea. PMID- 6221017 TI - [Scintigraphic aspect of infantile cortical hyperostosis (Caffey's disease)]. AB - Two patients with infantile cortical hyperostosis (Caffey's disease) are presented in whom radionuclide imaging with 99mTc-MDP and 67Gallium-citrate was performed to eliminate multifocal osteomyelitis as a diagnosis. The scintigraphic appearance of this relatively uncommon disease of children was similar to that obtained in multifocal osteomyelitis; all osseous lesions showed a marked uptake of both radiotracers. However, the distribution of abnormalities (mandible, scapulae) and the degree of extension (mainly diaphyseal) of the lesions are important characteristics in the scintigraphic differential diagnosis but bone radiographs are best used in making the diagnosis. PMID- 6221018 TI - Imaging in the diagnosis of cholecystocutaneous fistulae. AB - Adhesions formed between the gallbladder and abdominal wall secondary to gallstones and cholecystitis may result in perforation through the abdominal wall. Three cases of such cholecystocutaneous fistulae are presented and the clinical, radiographic and sonographic findings of this unusual entity are reviewed. PMID- 6221019 TI - The puckered panniculus--a sign of previous surgery. AB - On abdominal radiographs, the fatty panniculus, if present, has two possible configurations: firstly, a smooth, uniformly convex bow which is the normal appearance; or secondly, a bow with a central indentation (broken bow). This latter is a useful radiographic sign of previous lower abdominal surgery. The central indentation is created by tissue tethering around the laparotomy scar. PMID- 6221020 TI - Successful correction of type C complete atrioventricular canal associated with tetralogy of Fallot. A case report. AB - This is the eighth reported case of successful repair of tetralogy of Fallot associated with complete atrioventricular canal, Type C. The high surgical mortality rate in this combination is in part due to failure to recognise the associated anomaly pre-operatively, and in part to not closing the ventricular septal defect completely. In our case the atrial and ventricular septal defects were closed with two separate patches. The undivided hemivalves were attached to the septal patches by interrupted mattress sutures. The right ventricular outflow tract obstruction was relieved by infundibulectomy, pulmonary valvotomy and the placement of a Dacron patch over the infundibulum. One year postoperatively, the condition of the patient is satisfactory without the need for diuretics or digitalis. PMID- 6221021 TI - Failure of dacron arterial prostheses caused by structural defects. AB - We have observed unusual aneurysmal complications associated with structural defects of Dacron fabrics in three patients. The first patient had beadshape aneurysms along the course of the bilateral axillo-femoral prosthetic bypasses 4 or 5 years after surgery. Round defects or longitudinal rents in the lower third of the prostheses (Vascular-D knitted Dacron graft of high porosity, USCI) were the source of the aneurysmal complications. In the second patient, the transverse diameter of the aorto-femoral Dacron graft (Vascular-D, USCI) was increased to twice that of the original graft with formation of an anastomotic false aneurysm in the groin 3 1/2 years after surgery. The defective prostheses in these two cases were successfully replaced by Cooley double velour knitted Dacron grafts. The third patient developed an arterio-ureteral fistula originating from a round defect of the aorto-femoral prosthesis (Tetoron that is woven Dacron graft with a low porosity, Nakao-Filter, Japan) 8 years postoperatively and died from massive hematuria and subsequent disseminated intravascular coagulopathy. Microscopic examination of the removed prostheses revealed a complete loss of the conformation of the weave with fragmentation and disruption of the graft fibers. Therefore, patients with Dacron arterial prostheses should be followed up regularly and with great care. PMID- 6221022 TI - Identity and Origin of the ATPase activity associated with neuronal microtubules. I. The ATPase activity is associated with membrane vesicles. AB - Microtubule protein purified from brain tissue by cycles of in vitro assembly disassembly contains ATPase activity that has been postulated to be associated with microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) and therefore significant for studies of microtubule-dependent motility. In this paper we demonstrate that greater than 90% of the ATPase activity is particulate in nature and may be derived from contaminating membrane vesicles. We also show that the MAPs (MAP-1, MAP-2, and tau factors) and other high molecular weight polypeptides do not contain significant amounts of ATPase activity. These findings do not support the concept of "brain dynein" or of MAPs with ATPase activity. PMID- 6221024 TI - ATP-dependent structural changes of the outer dynein arm in Tetrahymena cilia: a freeze-etch replica study. AB - With the rapid-freeze, deep-etch replica technique, the structural conformations of outer dynein arms in demembranated cilia from Tetrahymena were analyzed under two different conditions, i.e., in the absence of ATP and in the presence of ATP and vanadate. In the absence of ATP, the lateral view of axonemes was characterized by the egg-shaped outer dynein arms, which showed a slightly baseward tilt with a mean inclination of 11.1 degrees +/- 3.4 degrees SD from the perpendicular to the doublet microtubules. On the other hand, in the presence of 1 mM ATP and 100 microM vanadate, the outer arms were extended and slender and showed an increased baseward tilt with a mean inclination of 31.6 degrees +/- 4.9 degrees SD. In ATP-activated axonemes, these two types of arms coexisted, each type occurring in groups along one row of outer arms. These findings strongly suggest that the interdoublet sliding is caused by dynamic structural changes of dynein arms that follow the hydrolysis of ATP. PMID- 6221023 TI - Identity and origin of the ATPase activity associated with neuronal microtubules. II. Identification of a 50,000-dalton polypeptide with ATPase activity similar to F-1 ATPase from mitochondria. AB - We determined that the ATPase activity contained in preparations of neuronal microtubules is associated with a 50,000-dalton polypeptide by four different methods: (a) photoaffinity labeling of the pelletable ATPase fraction with [gamma 32P]-8-azido-ATP; (b) analysis of two-dimensional gels (native gel X SDS slab gel) of an ATPase fraction solubilized by treatment with dichloromethane; (c) ATPase purification by glycerol gradient sedimentation and gel filtration chromatography of a solvent-released ATPase fraction, (d) demonstration of the binding of affinity-purified antibody to the 50-kdalton polypeptide to ATPase activity in vitro. Beginning with preparations of microtubules we have purified the ATPase activity greater than 700-fold and estimate that the purified enzyme has a specific activity of 20 mumol Pi x mg-1 x min-1 and comprises 80-90% of the total ATPase activity associated with neuronal microtubules. With affinity purified antibody we also demonstrate cross-reactivity to the 50-kdalton subunits of mitochondrial F-1 ATPase and show that the antibody specifically labels mitochondria in PtK-2 cells. Biochemical comparisons of the enzymes reveal similar but not identical subunit composition and sensitivity to mitochondrial ATPase inhibitors. These studies indicate that the principal ATPase activity associated with microtubules is not contained in high molecular weight proteins such as dynein or MAPs and support the hypothesis that the 50-kdalton ATPase is a membrane protein and may be derived from mitochondria or membrane vesicles with F 1-like ATPase activity. PMID- 6221026 TI - How to produce antigen-specific antibodies in tissue culture. AB - Before antigen ever enters the immune system we believe that lymphocytes with antigen-specific receptors preexist. For B lymphocytes we know that these antigen binding structures are immunoglobulin (Ig) molecules, antibodies. One B cell makes one of the many Ig molecules and displays them in many copies on the surface membrane. From the observed extreme diversity of antibody molecules we are tempted to think that any antigen can find its specific binding receptors, i.e., its preexisting antibody molecules. Essential problems of how to produce large quantities of such antigen-specific antibodies are how to stimulate the preexisting lymphocytes from their resting state and how to increase the production of that specific antibody. Proliferation and maturation to high rate antibody secreting cells follows stimulation and therefore provides ways by which the synthesis of the preexisting antibodies is expanded. The motivation to understand the induction of specific antibody production and secretion in the corresponding B lymphocytes in vitro may come either from the desire to understand the rules that govern the reactions of B cells leading to such antibody production, or from the need to do it outside of the body due to the potentially harmful effects of some antigens in vivo. PMID- 6221025 TI - The use of HgCl2 to evaluate the cosubstrate: amino acid transport stoichiometry in Ehrlich ascites tumor cells. AB - Recent investigations have indicated that cellular rheogenic properties may interfere with the correct estimation of Na+ and amino transport stoichiometry. We have reevaluated the stoichiometry of Na+ and alpha-aminoisobutyric acid (alpha-AIB) cotransport in Ehrlich ascites tumor cells depleted of Na+ and ATP by incubation in Na+-free HEPES-buffered medium (pH 7.2) containing 160 mM K+ and 2.5 microM valinomycin. Transfer of the cells to a medium with 10 mM 22Na+, 10 mM 3H-AIB, and 150 mM K+ resulted in an enhancement of Na+ flux above basal levels, which represents 0.6 of the AIB uptake. Under these conditions the membrane potential, -7.0 +/- 0.1 mV (SEM), does not change with the addition of AIB, -7.3 +/- 0.6 mV (SEM). HgCl2 (10 microM) added to the medium inhibited AIB flux and AIB-stimulated Na+ flux by 45-50% but did not change the coupling ratio. HgCl2 (10 microM) does not inhibit the basal Na+ flux nor does it affect cellular Na+ or K+ content. In physiological medium cotransport is electrogenic. The membrane potential of Ehrlich cells in physiological medium is -22.3 +/- 0.8 mV (SEM) and depolarizes to -16.7 +/- 0.7 mV (SEM) upon addition of AIB. Under these conditions the coupling ratio was highly variable but the ratio of codepression is 0.90 +/- 0.02 (SEM) in the presence of HgCl2 (10 microM). These results are consistent with a model (Smith and Robinson, 1981) in which the stoichiometry is one cosubstrate molecule per molecule of alpha-AIB. We suggest that H+ provides the alternative cosubstrate in this low Na+ environment and that in high Na+ medium the Na+:AIB stoichiometry approaches 1:1. PMID- 6221027 TI - Chromosomal proteins of mouse teratocarcinoma cells. AB - We have analyzed chromosomal proteins extracted from murine teratocarcinoma derived stem cell lines (F9 and 12-1) and from their differentiated derivatives (12-1a) because of the differential sensitivity to DNase I digestion of these two cell types. The chromosomal DNA of stem cells is more sensitive to DNase I digestion than that of differentiated cells. Stem cell core histones are more highly acetylated than their differentiated counterparts, and certain high mobility group (HMG) proteins from stem cells (HMG 1 and HMG 2) are found in greater amounts than in the differentiated cells though others (HMG 14 and HMG 17) occur in similar amounts. We have also identified a new HMG protein (HMG 9) that is present in stem cells and is lost following differentiation. PMID- 6221028 TI - The immune response to agents that cause acute and chronic diseases. AB - Recent advances in lymphocyte technology allow production of large amounts of homogenous T cells which create immunoregulatory peptides. This means that it is now possible to define and purify nontoxic peptides that either specifically turn off or turn on immune responses. For example, monoclonal peptides synthesized by inducer cells each activates a different target cell to divide or differentiate. One activates stem cells to differentiate into red cells and white cells [27], another stimulates B cells to secrete antibody [21], and another induces mast cells to divide [26] and perhaps to differentiate. More recent work has shown that some inducer peptides may "fine tune" the immune response: Certain types of inducer clones, for example, selectively stimulate production of IgA. Peptides that mediate the activity of these clones are the subject of intense analysis of because these monoclonal substances offer the possibility of stimulating rapid induction of IgA after infection by microbes that enter through mucosal of the gut, bladder or lungs. This type of antibody (IgA) is the body's key defense against infections by these microbes: Development of a rapid and specific IgA response is the most important factor in the outcome of infections by viruses such as genital herpes type II and infections by intracellular bacterial pathogens that are currently resistant to treatment by antibiotics. Perhaps the most informative point that has come from these studies is that each peptide that has been isolated from T cell clones exerts powerful regulatory effects on either the intensity or type of the immune response. The hope is that some of these immunoregulatory molecules or their analogs can be used as potent therapeutic agents for some chronic diseases. Since purified inducer and suppressive peptides will be available in large amounts within the next several years, it will not be long before this strategy can be thoroughly evaluated. PMID- 6221029 TI - Thyroid-infiltrating T lymphocyte subsets in Hashimoto's thyroiditis. AB - In Hashimoto's thyroiditis, the thyroid gland is infiltrated with immunocompetent lymphocytes. In this study we have used the fine needle aspiration technique to obtain thyroid-infiltrating lymphocytes from 11 HT patients for surface marker studies. The cells were characterized using conventional T and B cell markers as well as monoclonal antibodies (OKT) to different T cell subsets in a microscale immunofluorescence assay. We observed a relative decrease in intrathyroidal suppressor phenotype T (OKT 8+) cell numbers compared with peripheral blood (13% vs. 26%; P less than 0.01 by Wilcoxon signed rank test). This resulted in an increased helper to suppressor T (OKT 4+/OKT 8+) cell ratio (4.7 vs. 2.1; P less than 0.01). Within the gland, a significant local accumulation of B cells was also registered (27% vs. 12%; P less than 0.01). As to circulating lymphocyte subsets, no differences were found between 18 Hashimoto's thyroiditis patients and 26 normal subjects. Our results are compatible with a local synthesis of thyroid-directed antibodies and emphasize the importance of studying the local immunity in organ-specific autoimmune disease. PMID- 6221031 TI - A lucent lesion of the lumbar spine. PMID- 6221032 TI - A study of the average workers' compensation case. AB - Investigated information derived from a group of 200 patients seen for psychiatric evaluation that involved Workers' Compensation litigation. Data for these cases include demographic data and MMPI data, including mean profiles and frequent two-point code patterns. Also included in this study are frequencies of presenting complaints grouped into five broad categories. Male vs. female testing patterns are compared. Spanish version patterns on the MMPI are reported. Also, the Spanish version patterns on the MMPI are compared with standard MMPI English versions. This study provides useful information to the practicing clinician who is involved in the diagnostic evaluation process with Workers' Compensation cases. Results are discussed, and special reference is made to validity indicators. PMID- 6221030 TI - Contractile proteins in muscle disease. PMID- 6221033 TI - Therapeutic progress--review VII. The medical treatment of Paget's disease. AB - The presentation of Paget's disease varies from a painful or deforming skeletal affliction to an asymptomatic disorder diagnosed on routine biochemical or radiological assessment. When involvement of the peripheral skeleton by Paget's disease is extensive, the clinical diagnosis is usually clear. Affected bones are thickened and deformed and the overlying skin is warm. Bone pain is sometimes severe and malignant change rarely occurs. The new bone formed is structurally abnormal and is consequently liable to deformity and fractures. Serum alkaline phosphatase concentrations and urinary hydroxyproline excretion are raised. Characteristic X-ray changes are seen. Paget's disease should be treated when it causes skeletal pain and tenderness, or when there are neurological symptoms, fractures, marked deformities, or other complications. New therapeutic agents offer both symptomatic relief and some control of the basic disease process. Simple analgesics should be tried before proceeding to the anti-osteoclastic agents, calcitonin, diphosphonates and mithramycin. All are effective in relieving bone pain and improving biochemical indices. The major advantage of the diphosphonates lies in their oral usage and thus, the number of patients who nowadays require calcitonin is small. The majority of patients should be commenced on a course of diphosphonate therapy (EHDP in most instances), but if clinical response is unsatisfactory calcitonin should be tried. Mithramycin should be reserved for special indications e.g. an elderly patient with severe disabling pain. PMID- 6221034 TI - Technetium-99m radiopharmaceuticals--a survey of various commercial kits. PMID- 6221036 TI - Commonly used drugs in dentistry and the hypertensive patient. PMID- 6221035 TI - Membrane Fc-IgG and C3b receptors on myeloid leukaemia cells: a comparison with cytoplasmic acid naphthyl acetate esterase cytochemistry. AB - Membrane receptors for IgG and C3b were examined on blast cells from 57 cases of acute myeloid leukaemia. These acute leukaemias were classified as myeloblastic, myelomonocytic or monocytic following morphological, cytochemical, and immunological investigations. The membrane receptors of leukaemic blast cells appear to be directly related to the degree of monocytic differentiation with the lowest receptor activities found in acute myeloblastic leukaemia. A comparison was also made between receptor and cytoplasmic acid naphthyl acetate esterase (ANAE) activities in 29 morphologically and immunologically-defined myelomonocytic and monocytic leukaemias. This study revealed that the receptor positive "monocytic component" in a significant proportion of cases showed unexpectedly weak or negative ANAE reactions suggesting a more cautious approach to the interpretation of ANAE cytochemistry in acute leukaemias. The normal development of cytoplasmic ANAE and membrane receptors is also discussed and compared with their abnormal patterns of expression associated with leukaemic transformation. PMID- 6221037 TI - Verifying an oversupply of pedodontists: some added factors. PMID- 6221038 TI - Effect of dichloromethylene diphosphonate on fluoride balance in healthy men. AB - Healthy men with a daily intake of 0.37 mg fluoride were given dichloromethylene diphosphonate (Cl2MDP) or a placebo during a period of ambulation followed by bed rest. In both groups, serum ionic fluoride was unchanged, and fluoride balances were negative, but Cl2MDP significantly reduced loss of fluoride in the treated groups. PMID- 6221039 TI - Treatment site reactions to Zyderm Collagen Implantation. AB - Two cases of treatment site granulomatous reaction to Zyderm Collagen Implant that occurred in spite of a negative skin test are reported. A delayed hypersensitivity reaction to ZCI is suggested by the clinical time course and the histologic findings of hypersensitivity granulomas. Humoral immunity is also implicated in the reaction since elevated anti-Zyderm serum antibodies and plasma cell infiltrates are present. Resolution of the clinical signs and symptoms occurred over several months with no treatment. The physician using ZCI should be aware of this rare adverse reaction. PMID- 6221040 TI - Enhanced discriminability at the phonetic boundaries for the place feature in macaques. AB - Discrimination of speech-sound pairs drawn from a computer-generated continuum in which syllables varied along the place of articulation phonetic feature (/b,d,g/) was tested with macaques. The acoustic feature that was varied along the two formant 15-step continuum was the starting frequency of the second-formant transition. Discrimination of stimulus pairs separated by two steps was tested along the entire continuum in a same-different task. Results demonstrated that peaks in the discrimination functions occur for macaques at the "phonetic boundaries" which separate the /b-d/ and /d-g/ categories for human listeners. The data support two conclusions. First, although current theoretical accounts of place perception by human adults suggest that isolated second-formant transitions are "secondary" cues, learned by association with primary cues, the animal data are more compatible with the notion that second-formant transitions are sufficient to allow the appropriate partitioning of a place continuum in the absence of associative pairing with other more complex cues. Second, we discuss two potential roles played by audition in the evolution of the acoustics of language. One is that audition provided a set of "natural psychophysical boundaries," based on rather simple acoustic properties, which guided the selection of the phonetic repertoire but did not solely determine it; the other is that audition provided a set of rules for the formation of "natural classes" of sound and that phonetic units met those criteria. The data provided in this experiment provide support for the former. Experiments that could more clearly differentiate the two hypotheses are described. PMID- 6221041 TI - Masking patterns for synthetic vowels in simultaneous and forward masking. AB - Two synthetic vowels /i/ and /ae/ with a fundamental frequency of 100 Hz served as maskers for brief (5 or 15 ms) sinusoidal signals. Threshold was measured as a function of signal frequency, for signals presented immediately following the masker (forward masking, FM) or just before the cessation of the masker (simultaneous masking, SM). Three different overall masker levels were used: 50, 70, and 90 dB SPL. In order to compare the data from simultaneous and forward masking, and to compensate for the nonlinear characteristics of forward masking, each signal threshold was expressed as the level of a flat-spectrum noise which would give the same masking. The internal representation of the formant structure of the vowels, as inferred from the transformed masking patterns, was enhanced in FM and "blurred" in SM in comparison to the physical spectra, suggesting that suppression plays a role in enhancing spectral contrasts. The first two or three formants were usually visible in the masking patterns and the representation of the formant structure was impaired only slightly at high masker levels. For high levels, filtering out the relatively intense low-frequency components enhanced the representation of the higher formants in FM but not in SM, indicating a broadly tuned remote suppression from lower formants towards higher ones. The relative phase of the components in the masker had no effect on thresholds in forward masking, indicating that the detailed temporal structure of the masker waveform is not important. PMID- 6221042 TI - The inverse problem for the vocal tract: numerical methods, acoustical experiments, and speech synthesis. AB - In this article we will describe our recent experiments on the estimation of vocal tract area functions from transient acoustical measurements at the lips. Since the theoretical basis for such measurements has been discussed in several earlier publications we will concentrate on the measurement technique and the numerical procedures used to estimate the area functions from the measurements. The two main accomplishments we will report on are (1) We are now able to make measurements and compute and display the area function about 18 times per second. Such a display, which has not been possible before, allow one to visualize the shape of one's vocal tract as one changes the position of one's articulators. This display could form the basis of a visual aid for the improvement of the speech of profoundly deaf persons. (2) We have synthesized intelligible though not yet high quality speech from several sentence-length sequences of measured area functions. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first instance of continuous speech synthesized from direct measurements of area functions. PMID- 6221043 TI - Podiatric profile of the Down's syndrome individual. PMID- 6221044 TI - A dual effect of sympathetic nerve stimulation on jaw muscle spindles. AB - In anaesthetized and paralyzed rabbits, electrical stimulation of the cervical sympathetic nerve at physiological frequencies induces in jaw muscle spindle afferents a short-latency decrease or suppression of discharge. This effect is very stereotyped in pattern and is attributed to direct sympathetic innervation of spindles. It is mediated by preganglionic S1-S2 sympathetic fiber groups. A longer-latency facilitatory effect follows, probably vasomotor in origin and mediated by S3-S4 groups. Both responses are eliminated by administration of alpha-adrenergic blocking agents. The latencies, patterns, thresholds, durations and reproducibility of these responses have been studied and the mechanisms possibly involved are discussed. PMID- 6221045 TI - Development of a cell-free model for compound exocytosis using components of the chromaffin cell. PMID- 6221046 TI - Multiple complications of propylthiouracil treatment: granulocytopenia, eosinophilia, skin reaction and hepatitis with lymphocyte sensitization. AB - An association of granulocytopenia, eosinophilia, skin reaction and hepatitis during propylthiouracil (PTU) therapy for thyrotoxicosis in a 47 year old black female is reported. Clinical and biochemical abnormalities disappeared soon after discontinuation of PTU. That the drug was directly responsible for the observed complications is suggested by the clinical course and by in vitro lymphocyte transformation studies. The latter revealed sensitization to PTU during the acute phase of the disease, which was greatly reduced 5 weeks after discontinuation of the drug and was completely absent after 5 months. PMID- 6221048 TI - Localization of alkaline phosphatase and adenosine triphosphatase in the mammalian pancreas. AB - The light microscopic histochemical localization of alkaline phosphatase (APase) and adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) in the mammalian pancreas is reviewed. Capillary endothelial cells usually exhibit both enzymes. ATPase is usually present in endocrine and acinar cells and absent in duct cells. APase is often found in islet cells but is almost always absent in exocrine cells. These enzymes should therefore be used with caution as markers for specific cells and organelles of the pancreas, and for monitoring diseases that might lead to the release of these enzymes from the pancreas. PMID- 6221047 TI - Isozyme patterns of Schistosoma japonicum and S. mansoni. AB - Isozyme patterns of six enzymes, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, glucosephosphate isomerase, hexokinase, malate dehydrogenase, 6-phosphate dehydrogenase and phosphoglucomutase were examined in electrophoresed homogenates of adult male worms of Schistosoma japonicum and S. mansoni. In general, enzyme patterns obtained from the parasite homogenates differed from that of host (mouse) blood and muscle, indicating that electrophoretic patterns from parasite extracts are most probably of parasite origin. Adult male and female S. mansoni worms yielded identical patterns. However, all six enzyme patterns showed distinct differences between S. japonicum and S. mansoni. These results suggest that S. japonicum is clearly distinguishable from S. mansoni at the molecular level. PMID- 6221049 TI - Diagnostic laparoscopy in gynaecology. PMID- 6221050 TI - [Approach to the pelvic ureter by disinsertion of a rectus abdominis muscle]. AB - Disinsertion of one rectus abdominis muscle provides excellent exposure of one side of the pelvis. This offers an approach to the pelvic portion of the ureter and if necessary the possibility of an endovesical procedure at the same time. In common with other authors who use the technique, we fell that reinsertion of the muscle is very secure. The advantages and disadvantages of disinsertion of the rectus are exposed and the place of this technique in the approach to the pelvic portion are discussed. PMID- 6221051 TI - Caries experience and state of oral cleanliness of 5-year and 15-year-old handicapped children in Bradford area. PMID- 6221052 TI - Strain variation in the induction of tolerance by epicutaneous application of trinitrochlorobenzene. AB - It has been postulated that a relationship exists between the density of epidermal Langerhans cells and the capacity of the epidermis to promote the induction of contact sensitization. This postulate was developed, in part, because (1) mouse tail epidermis contains fewer ATPase-positive (presumably Langerhans) cells than does abdominal epidermis, and (2) when tails of C57Bl/6 mice were painted with dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB), the mice were less sensitive than those painted on the abdomen. In addition, tail-painted mice were shown to be tolerant to subsequent attempts at sensitization with DNFB. In this study we found that by painting the tails of mice with the hapten trinitrochlorobenzene (TNCB), sensitization was induced in certain mouse strains (BALB/c, A/J, and CBA- haplotypes H-2d, H-2a, H-2k, respectively), but tolerance resulted from painting the tails of other strains (C57Bl/6, C57Bl/10, and AB.Y--haplotype H-2b). The ability to become sensitive or tolerant is not related to Langerhans cell density as detected by ATPase staining. While the mechanism for this strain difference in the induction of tolerance is unknown, tolerance induced in C57Bl/6 mice is mediated in part by the generation of suppressor cells. PMID- 6221054 TI - [Erythrocyte disorder in autoimmune diseases]. PMID- 6221053 TI - In vitro production of gamma interferon is dependent on the mouse genotype. AB - C57B1/6 and BALB/c mice were compared for their in vitro capacity to produce gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) in response to specific antigen (i.e., Purified Protein Derivative in bacillus Calmette-Guerin sensitized animals) and T-cell mitogen (Concanavalin A). In both cases C57B1/6 spleen cells produced five to ten times more IFN than identically treated BALB/c spleen cells. More detailed analysis of in vitro induced BCG-PPD IFN indicates that the low IFN level in BALB/c cultures is neither caused by classical splenic suppressor cells such as macrophages or T-cells, nor by inactivation of secreted IFN by inhibitory substances. PMID- 6221055 TI - Studies on platelet aggregation inhibitors in vivo. X. Relationship to thrombolysis. AB - Human labeled fibrin clots were inserted into femoral veins of stumptailed monkeys (Macaca arctoides). Thrombolysis was slightly increased by treatment with the platelet aggregation inhibitor pentoxifylline. This agent significantly potentiated the thrombolytic effect of urokinase activated human plasminogen. Pentoxifylline was also found to release plasminogen activator activity into the circulation. PMID- 6221056 TI - [Antithrombotic drugs in peripheral arterial diseases]. AB - The efficacy of antithrombotic drugs in the treatment of peripheral arterial disease remains a subject of discussion. A recent Dutch trial continues to question the value of anticoagulants in this indication. There is very little definitive data concerning anti-platelet agents. Controlled trials remain few in number and scarcely show spectacular results on the spontaneous course of arterial disease of the limbs. The hope aroused in certain studies of the use of prostaglandins in severe ischaemia remains to be confirmed in a well controlled trial. Practitioners of percutaneous angioplasty usually prescribe anticoagulants or anti-aggregants to decrease the risk of an early recurrence. There are also arguments which justify the administration of aspirin after endarterectomy. PMID- 6221057 TI - Modern methods in the treatment of acne. PMID- 6221058 TI - Molecular studies on mutations at the Shrunken locus in maize caused by the controlling element Ds. AB - The structure and expression of the Shrunken (Sh) locus have been examined in several maize strains with mutations at the locus caused by the controlling element Dissociation (Ds). Three of the strains (sh-m6233, sh-m5933, and sh m6258) are of independent origin, and the fourth (sh-m6795) represents a spontaneous recessive sh allele derived from an Sh revertant of strain sh-m6258. The sh-m6233 and sh-m5933 strains produce undetectable levels of the Sh-encoded sucrose synthetase and very small amounts (less than 1%) of an apparently normal sucrose synthetase mRNA in immature endosperm tissue. Both strains have rearrangements affecting the structure of the locus near the 5' end of the transcription unit. The Sh locus in the related strains sh-m6258 and sh-m6795 is interrupted by an insertion or a rearrangement having one breakpoint in an intervening sequence near the 3' end of the mRNA coding sequence. The 5' end of the gene is transcribed in immature kernels of both mutants, giving aberrant poly (A)+ mRNAs that are homologous to the normal transcript up to the insertion or rearrangement breakpoint and lack homology to the 3' end of the gene. The aberrant transcripts from both strains are translated in vivo and in vitro, yielding 82- and 85-kD proteins that are immunologically related to the 92-kD Sh encoded sucrose synthetase monomer. PMID- 6221059 TI - Regulation of the pR operon of bacteriophage lambda. AB - The E. coli lambda lysogen, OR1263, carries the fusion pR-cro-tR1-IS2-gal. The gal promoter is deleted and gal expression from pR, in the absence of the lambda antitermination factor N, is blocked by the efficient transcription terminator in IS2. Selection for Gal+ yields strains deleted for the IS2 terminator and various portions of the lambda chromosome. Analysis of these deletions reveals the following: (a) The lambda tR1 terminator is about 50% efficient. (b) In two deletions sequenced, DNA loss occurred as a result of homologous recombination between a 2- or a 4-base pair repeat. (c) By measuring the ability of lambda N product to suppress the polarity of a gal ochre mutation, we demonstrate that the N utilization site in the lambda pR operon lies between tR1 and cro. (d) The level of Cro repressor synthesized by a single copy prophage is sufficient to repress the cI maintenance promoter, prm, but is inadequate to inhibit pR. PMID- 6221060 TI - Structure of the trifunctional trp-1 gene from Neurospora crassa and its aberrant expression in Escherichia coli. AB - The trifunctional trp-1 gene from Neurospora crassa was cloned by complementation of a phosphoribosylanthranilate isomerase-deficient mutant of E. coli. A 2.7-kb DNA sequence containing trp-1 was determined. Homology of the deduced trp-1 polypeptide sequence to the corresponding E. coli proteins is striking; the order of functional domains within trp-1 is NH2-glutamine amidotransferase indoleglycerolphosphate synthase-phosphoribosylanthranilate isomerase-COOH (NH2 trpG-trpC-trpF-COOH). Whereas trpF complementing activity can be detected in E. coli, trpC activity is absent. It is likely that translation of trp-1 does not proceed from the proper start site in E. coli; the carboxy terminal portion of the trp-1 polypeptide may be the only portion synthesized. Fusion of a bacterial amino terminus and ribosome binding site to the trp-1 coding region results in expression of trpC as well as trpF activity in E. coli. The locations of several startpoints for trp-1 mRNA synthesis were determined by the S1 nuclease mapping technique. DNA immediately 5' to the trp-1 transcription initiation region does not possess a sequence resembling the canonical TATAAA of eukaryotes. PMID- 6221061 TI - On priming by a sentence context. PMID- 6221062 TI - Disrupted retrieval in directed forgetting: a link with posthypnotic amnesia. AB - Certain reliable findings from research on directed forgetting seem difficult to accommodate in terms of the theoretical processes, such as selective rehearsal or storage differentiation, that have been put forward to account for directed forgetting phenomena. Some kind of "missing mechanism" appears to be involved. In order to circumvent the methodological constraints that have limited the conclusions investigators could draw from past experiments, a new paradigm is introduced herein that includes a mixture of intentional and incidental learning. With this paradigm, a midlist instruction to forget the first half of a list was found to reduce later recall of the items learned incidentally as well as those learned intentionally. This result suggests that a cue to forget can lead to a disruption of retrieval processes as well as to the alteration of encoding processes postulated in prior theories. The results also provide a link between intentional forgetting and the literature on posthypnotic amnesia, in which disrupted retrieval has been implicated. With each of these procedures, the information that can be remembered is typically recalled out of order and often with limited recollection for when the information had been presented. It therefore was concluded here that retrieval inhibition plays a significant role in nonhypnotic as well as in hypnotic instances of directed forgetting. The usefulness of retrieval inhibition as a mechanism for memory updating was also discussed. PMID- 6221063 TI - Instructed forgetting: hypnotic and nonhypnotic. AB - In a commentary on an article by Geiselman, Bjork, and Fishman (1983), directed forgetting observed in the normal waking state is compared with amnesia as induced by hypnotic suggestion. The two paradigms typically differ with respect to the role of incidental or intentional learning, the amount of study devoted to the items, the temporal location of the cue to forget, the retention interval involved, and the measure of memory that is of interest. Depending on the directed-forgetting paradigm used, they also differ with respect to the actual inaccessibility of the to-be-forgotten items, the reversibility of the forgetting, and the extent of interference of the items targeted by the forget cue on other items. However, these comparisons are vitiated somewhat by the methodological differences between the two paradigms. Theoretically, the three mechanisms typically used to account for directed forgetting--selective rehearsal, list segregation, and selective search--do not appear to account for the amnesia observed in hypnosis. However, the two phenomena do appear to share a fourth mechanism, retrieval inhibition. Final acceptance of this conclusion, however, awaits comparison of the two types of instructed forgetting within a common experimental paradigm. PMID- 6221064 TI - Can response preparation begin before stimulus recognition finishes? AB - The present experiments were designed to determine whether information obtained early in the process of recognizing a stimulus can be used to begin preparing keypress responses before recognition of the stimulus has completely finished. This question is relevant to the recent debate between discrete (e.g., Sternberg, 1969a) and continuous (e.g., McClelland, 1979) models of human information processing. Stimulus sets were chosen so that recognition processes could extract incomplete preliminary information about a stimulus much faster than they could extract secondary information needed for unique stimulus identification. Discriminability of the secondary information was manipulated to vary the opportunity for response preparation based on preliminary information, with difficult secondary discriminations providing more time for response preparation than easy ones. Precues were given on some trials to allow response preparation to occur before the stimulus was presented, thereby reducing any difference in response preparation as a function of discriminability. Continuous models predict that precues should facilitate response preparation less when the secondary discrimination is difficult than when it is easy, and discrete models predict equal facilitation regardless of secondary discrimination difficulty. Evidence of response preparation was obtained with some but not all stimulus sets. The results were interpreted as support for the asynchronous discrete coding model (Miller, 1982a), in which response preparation can begin only after recognition processes have completely activated a code used in categorizing the stimulus. PMID- 6221065 TI - Sharp targets are detected better against a figure, and blurred targets are detected better against a background. AB - There is growing evidence that the performance of perceptual tasks is often facilitated by perceived "figureness." Accuracy in detection and discrimination of targets is higher when the targets are presented in figural regions than when they are presented in ground regions of an image. This "figure superiority" might be a result of a functional specialization in the visual analysis of figure; recent theories have also assumed a functional specialization in the visual analysis of ground. If so, we might expect "ground superiority" in situations where task performance requires information available primarily through analysis of ground. We manipulated the spatial frequency of a small line segment and found that when it was sharp (i.e., the high-spatial-frequency components were present), it was detected better in figural regions, but when we blurred it (only the low-to-medium spatial frequencies were present) it was detected better in ground regions. These findings support the view that figure and ground analyses involve different specialized functions. PMID- 6221066 TI - Holistic processes in the perception and transformation of disoriented figures. AB - Two experiments tested whether mental rotation of complex, hierarchical stimuli occurs holistically or separately at global and local levels of structure. Large (global) letters were constructed from spatial arrangements of small (local) letters. Reflection conditions (normal vs. reflected) were produced by varying the two levels independently. The task was structured so that subjects could rotate one level of the stimulus in some conditions but had to rotate both levels in other conditions. Experiment 1 showed that rotation rate was not affected by the number of levels that had to be rotated to make a reflection decision. This result implies that the rotation of global and local levels occurred together rather than sequentially. Experiment 2 showed that the rotation of the two levels was holistic as opposed to parallel and independent. The results also demonstrate that global information is processed faster than local information regardless of whether or not a rotation is performed. These findings are discussed in relation to theories of mental rotation and global precedence. PMID- 6221067 TI - Effect of line orientation on various information-processing tasks. AB - The effects of interstimulus and stimulus-specific factors on central (vs. peripheral) oblique effects were examined using classification, focusing, discrimination, and sequential same-different tasks. Classification results showed that grouping the vertical with the horizontal line and the two diagonal lines with each other facilitated performance. Discrimination results revealed that the two diagonal lines were more confusable with each other than were the members of any other stimulus pair. Focusing results indicated that the vertical and horizontal lines served as better focusing stimuli. A set of sequential same different tasks, each using only two alternative stimuli, allowed for the examination of stimulus-specific factors in focusing; the effects of similarity relations between all stimuli in the total set were greatly reduced by the constrained context. The two diagonal lines were the most difficult to compare and proved to be the worst foci in these tasks as well. In conclusion, there are two factors operating in the central oblique effect: greater confusability between the two diagonal lines and more favorable stimulus-specific properties of vertical and horizontal lines. PMID- 6221068 TI - The role of subtractions and comparisons in comparative judgments involving numerical reference points. AB - Experiments in which subjects are asked to decide which of two digits is closer in magnitude to a third raise problems for many theories of linear orders. Holyoak (1978), for example, performed a number of these reference point experiments and concluded that they posed serious difficulties for a number of leading models. In their place, he offered the distance ratio model in which the ease of the decision in a reference point task is a function of the ratio of the distances between each stimulus and the reference point. In the present article, three experiments are presented that bear on the adequacy of Holyoak's position. In the first two studies, we present evidence that an important assumption of the distance ratio model is incorrect. In the third experiment, we compare the empirical adequacy of the distance ratio model with our own subtraction model. This model treats the reference point task as a concatenation of two subtractions and a simple digit comparison. This comparison operation is equivalent to the magnitude comparison required in standard linear order experiments. Overall, the subtraction model gives a somewhat better account than the distance ratio. PMID- 6221069 TI - Spatial metrics of integral and separable dimensions. AB - Two experiments were conducted to investigate the relationship between dimensional integrality and the form of the combination rule or spatial metric used in a similarity judgment task. In Experiment 1, two groups of eight subjects judged the dissimilarity of all pairwise combinations of 12 rectangles differing in height and width (integral dimensions) or 12 circles differing in size and diameter orientation (separable dimensions). The dimensional organization and spatial metric of both sets of dimensions were determined. The results showed that differences in height and width contributed independently to judgments of the overall dissimilarity of rectangles and that these dimensions were combined using a Euclidean metric. In contrast, substantial interactions between circle size and diameter orientation were found. Combinations of these dimensions also appeared to violate the triangle inequality implying that no spatial metric was appropriate. In Experiment 2, parallelogram size and tilt were similarly analyzed. Although some degree of dimensional interaction was observed, it was found that on the average these dimensions were combined using a city-block metric. In a subsequent speeded classification task, orthogonal interference was observed, which suggested that size and tilt are integral dimensions. The implications of both experiments for the supposed association between the Euclidean metric and dimensional integrality are discussed. PMID- 6221070 TI - Spatial limits to the detection of transpositional symmetry in dynamic dot textures. AB - If a set of random dots is translated along a uniform axis and superimposed on itself, then the resulting texture is seen to have three possible perceptual outcomes depending on the degree of translation: pairedness, striation, and randomness. Similar perceptual effects are obtained by plotting identical point pairs randomly in space and uniformly over time. The threshold between striation and randomness in dynamic dot textures was investigated, since it represents a spatial limit to the detection of transpositional symmetry. This limit was found to vary as a function of three factors: stimulus field diameter, retinal eccentricity, and high frequency attenuation. The limit was found to be invariant over a fourfold range of texture density. It is proposed that the ability of the human visual system to detect correlations in dynamic transpositionally symmetric textures is the result of the activation of populations of orientationally selective cells identified in the mammalian visual cortex. It is also proposed that the limits to this ability could be related to the average size of the receptive fields of such cells within a given region of the retina. PMID- 6221071 TI - Induced esophoric shifts in eye convergence and illusory distance in reduced and structured viewing conditions. AB - Two experiments measured distance judgments in reduced and structured viewing conditions before and after induced phoria. Experiment 1 induced phoria shifts with three 5-min. intervals of close handwork (i.e., needle threading) that had naturalistic characteristics of observers (a) choosing their own viewing distance, (b) moving their heads freely, and (c) viewing in a well-illuminated, structured environment. The handwork induced a 1.20-diopter esophoric shift and a 1.22-cm overestimation of distance under reduced test conditions. The handwork induced no measurable illusion under structured viewing conditions. Experiment 2 induced phoria shifts with 10 min. of fixation on a target 11 cm away. This procedure induced a 4.65-diopter esophoric shift, a 6.34-cm overestimation of distance in reduced conditions, and a 2.31-cm overestimation of distance in structured conditions. We argue that visual and motor information interact to determine perceptions and that induced esophoric shifts in everyday situations may shape the nature of that interaction. PMID- 6221072 TI - The influence of metacontrast masking on detection and spatial-choice judgments: an apparent distinction between automatic and attentive response mechanisms. AB - Several studies of metacontrast masking in the 1960s apparently showed that the latency of simple detection responses was uninfluenced by the phenomenal dimming of the target induced by the mask. More recent studies using more suitable methodologies have clearly shown that such is not the case for situations in which the masking is a monotonically decreasing function of stimulus onset asynchrony. Experiment 1 investigated this issue for the situation in which masking is a U-shaped function of stimulus onset asynchrony. Contrary to the results obtained in monotonic masking situations, simple detection responses were not slowed by the masking. Experiment 2 demonstrated that although detection responses are not slowed in the U-shaped masking situation, spatial-choice judgments are. Experiments 3 and 4 indicated that this masking effect on spatial choice reaction time is lost relatively rapidly with practice. However, changing the stimulus-response assignments reinstates the effect. The experiments suggest that for the situation in which U-shaped masking functions are obtained, responses that require attention (spatial-choice judgments early in practice or after stimulus-response relationships have been switched) are influenced by the metacontrast-induced phenomenal dimming, whereas responses that are automatic (i.e., detection responses; practiced spatial-choice judgments with consistent stimulus-response mappings) are not. PMID- 6221073 TI - Word recognition in Serbo-Croatian is phonologically analytic. AB - A lexical-decision task was conducted with bialphabetic readers of Serbo Croatian. It was shown that letter strings that can be assigned both a Roman and a Cyrillic alphabet reading incur longer latencies than does the unique alphabet transcription of the same word. This within-word phonological-ambiguity effect was obtained for both words and pseudowords, but the effect was more exaggerated with words. In addition, the magnitude of the difference depended on the number and distribution of ambiguous characters in the ambiguous letter string. It was concluded that lexical decision in Serbo-Croatian necessarily involves a phonologically analytic strategy. PMID- 6221074 TI - Information integration and the identification of stimulus noise and criterial noise in absolute judgment. AB - Two main classes of theories have been proposed regarding range effects in unidimensional absolute-identification tasks. One class posits that as range is increased, criterial noise increases but stimulus noise remains constant. Another class posits increasing stimulus noise but constant criterial noise. In this study, an effort is made to help decide this issue. Multiple observations are used in several absolute-identification tasks of varying range. A stimulus integration model is proposed in which averaging takes place over stimulus internal representations, thereby reducing stimulus variance; on the other hand, it is assumed that criterial variance is unaffected by the number of observations. The model allows one to identify the relative amounts of stimulus noise and criterial noise inherent in observers' recognition judgments. The model yields good fits to data in several experiments, and it is concluded that both stimulus noise and criterial noise increase as range in the absolute identification task is increased. PMID- 6221075 TI - Four assumptions about invariance in perception. AB - The term invariance has become more central to current views of perception. I take this as a good trend, but the term is rooted in mathematics, and its use in perception brings with it a host of assumptions that have generally been unexamined. The purpose of this article is to state some of these assumptions and assess their validity, with the hope that we can continue to find the term useful while acknowledging its limitations. The assumptions discussed are that (a) mathematics is an appropriate descriptive language for perception, (b) mathematical truths are transportable into perception without change of meaning, (c) mathematical imports are useful in explaining perception, and (d) perceptual invariants, like their mathematical counterparts, are absolute and not subject to threshold considerations. PMID- 6221076 TI - Length effects in word perception: comment on Samuel, van Santen, and Johnston. AB - It is argued that the apparent length effect found by Samuel, van Santen, and Johnson (1982) may be the result of a lexical class effect rather than of the length of the words. It is pointed out that the words of Length 2 in the stimulus sets used by Samuel et al. are predominantly closed class items (i.e., function words), whereas those of Length 3 and 4 are predominantly open class items (i.e., content words). It is hypothesized that recognition accuracy for open class words may be greater than for closed class words and that the apparent length effect may be confounded with the lexical class effect. PMID- 6221077 TI - Reply to Matthei: we really is worse than you or them, and so are Ma and Pa. PMID- 6221078 TI - Maturation of parvovirus LuIII in a subcellular system. II. Isolation and characterization of nucleoprotein intermediates. AB - Nucleoprotein (NP) intermediates in the assembly pathway of parvovirus LuIII were isolated. These structures consist of replicating viral DNA and of preformed viral capsids into which progeny viral DNA is encapsidated concomitant with synthesis. The NP complexes sediment at between 70S and 100S. They are unstable in CsCl and dissociate in the presence of 1 M-NaCl. After fixation with glutaraldehyde, however, they accumulate at a density of 1.37 g/ml in CsCl gradients. Electron microscopy of fixed complexes revealed structures consisting of DNA threads associated with capsid-like particles. A considerable proportion of the DNA labelled during short pulses in such complexes, in a subcellular in vitro system derived from infected nuclei, can be effectively chased into 110S virions. The resulting 110S particles apparently have to undergo a sequence of morphogenic events to acquire the physicochemical properties of the mature infectious parvovirus. PMID- 6221079 TI - Lymphocyte subpopulations in patients with multiple sclerosis. AB - Using monoclonal antibodies, peripheral blood helper/inducer (OKT4) and cytotoxic/suppressor (OKT8) lymphocytes were measured in 14 normal controls, 36 patients with multiple sclerosis at different stages of the disease and 15 patients with isolated optic neuritis. Thirty-four of these individuals were studied on two or more occasions at intervals up to 340 days. Patients with multiple sclerosis in relapse had low levels of OKT8 cells (14.07% +/- 3.79) compared with controls (29.42% +/- 4.69) and this abnormality returned to normal within approximately one month of the onset of new symptoms. Further changes occurred with new relapses. Low OKT8 cells were also found in patients with isolated optic neuritis (18.76 +/- 3.71) or progressive multiple sclerosis (19.91% +/- 7.96); the same pattern of recovery was seen in these two groups as in patients with multiple sclerosis in relapse. In 25% patients studied on two or more occasions after an episode of demyelination abnormalities of lymphocyte subpopulations occurred which were not accompanied by new clinical symptoms or signs. Fluctuations of this kind did not occur in controls. The findings have implications for the pathogenesis and management of patients with multiple sclerosis. PMID- 6221080 TI - Muscle wasting in chronic alcoholics: comparative histochemical and biochemical studies. AB - The comparative electrophysiologic, histochemical, and biochemical investigation of the anterior tibial muscle of 13 alcoholics indicates that neuropathy could be the cause of the chronic muscle weakness and wasting. Myopathic alterations did not predominate in the findings. It was concluded that the proximal muscle atrophy could also be attributed to neurogenic damage. Histochemical reactions in muscle specimens showed a selective type 2 atrophy and a slight increase of the mean diameter of type 1 fibres. Biochemical investigations revealed that the activities of a number of enzymes representative of energy supplying pathways- the glycogenolysis and glycolysis--as well as acid phosphatase activity in the muscle were lowered. A relationship could be assumed between the lowered glycolytic activity and the decline of the mean diameter of type 2 fibres. Oxidative enzymes were of similar activity in the alcoholics and the control group. The glycolytic enzyme activities were particularly important, being the most sensitive indicators of the onset, intensity, and course of neurogenic damage. These activities probably normalise during reinnervation of a muscle earlier than do the morphologic alterations; however, they were markedly lower in alcoholics with impaired liver function and cachexia, probably because of the catabolic metabolic conditions present in these cases. PMID- 6221081 TI - Biochemical changes during graded brain ischemia in gerbils. Part 1. Global biochemical alterations. AB - In Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus) cerebral ischemia was produced by occlusion of the right common and the left external carotid arteries. Gerbils were classified according to their neurological appearance as "symptom-negative" (8 animals), "mild symptoms" (unilateral hemiparesis, 10 animals) and "severe symptoms" (hemiparesis and rolling seizures, 8 animals). Two hours after vascular occlusion various substrates and enzymes related to the energy-producing metabolism, were assessed in tissue samples from both hemispheres. In symptom negative animals, the only change was a slight decrease of glycolytic intermediates in the right hemisphere. In animals with mild symptoms, the right hemisphere additionally exhibited an impairment of the redox and energy state and an enhancement of the activity of most enzymes of the glycolytic pathway, except hexokinase. In animals with severe symptoms, these changes were even more pronounced and affected--to a lesser degree--also the left hemisphere. The results obtained demonstrate that the neurological appearance of the animals after vascular occlusion correlates with the biochemical alterations and, therefore, can be used for estimating the density of graded ischemia. PMID- 6221082 TI - Erythrocyte flexibility, ATPase activities and Ca efflux in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy, myotonic muscular dystrophy and congenital myotonia. AB - Erythrocyte flexibility measured by a polycarbonate membrane filtration method showed increased fragility (265 +/- 163 Hb mg/l vs. controls 86 +/- 72 Hb mg/l; mean +/- SD; P less than 0.0025) and increased rigidity (123 +/- 96 mm Hg vs. 79 +/- 19 mm Hg; P less than 0.05) in patients with congenital myotonia, while both parameters were normal in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy or with myotonic dystrophy. Erythrocyte ghosts obtained from patients with MyD displayed highly significant increases in both (Na+ + K+)-ATPase and (Ca2+ + Mg2+)-ATPase activities (P less than 0.005) and to a lesser extent in Mg2+-ATPase activity (P less than 0.05), while no difference was seen between patients with DMD and age matched controls. The efflux of Ca2+ was increased from erythrocytes of patients with DMD as compared to age-matched controls (82 +/- 2% vs. 70 +/- 4%; P less than 0.005), while no difference was detected between patients with MyD and age matched controls. PMID- 6221083 TI - Low back pain: a team approach. PMID- 6221084 TI - Balloon catheters: rising to the occasion. PMID- 6221085 TI - Hypoplastic enamel, onycholysis and hypohydrosis: a report of two cases. PMID- 6221086 TI - A comparison of specialized and mainstreamed preschools from the perspectives of parents of handicapped children. PMID- 6221087 TI - Ouabain-sensitive insulin stimulation of ion and glucose transport in rat ventricular slices. AB - This study was designed to determine whether ouabain could inhibit insulin stimulated ion and/or glucose transport in rat ventricular slices. In the slices which were obtained by tearing with forceps from the inside surface of the ventricle, insulin (0.1-100 ng/ml, 20-min treatment) stimulated ATP hydrolysis (nmol inorganic phosphate/mg tissue/20 min) and 86Rb uptake (nmol Rb/mg tissue/8 min) in a concentration-dependent fashion by up to about 25%, compared with control experiment. About 10-fold higher concentrations of insulin stimulated glucose-[14C] uptake by the slices (nmol glucose/mg tissue/30 min). Both the stimulant effects of insulin on ion and glucose transport were inhibited by ouabain (0.1-1 mM, 20-min treatment) in a similar concentration-response relationship. It thus never appears that two or more independent transmembrane signals would be generated simultaneously in response to the insulin-receptor interaction to operate ion and glucose transport systems in rat cardiac muscle. In addition, rat ventricular slices were shown to provide a sensitive tool for the evaluation of insulin effects on ion transport systems in the muscle. PMID- 6221088 TI - Immobilization of urokinase on agarose matrices. AB - Immobilization of urokinase, a plasminogen activator, was carried out to determine the effect of spacer length used on the immobilized enzyme activity. The enzyme was covalently coupled to agarose gel, both directly to the matrix and also via interposing different lengths of spacer groups. The specific activity of immobilized urokinase increased as the spacer length (n') increased to a certain length and tended to decrease thereafter. The maximal activity was shown when the value of n' was 7 for the agarose-NH-(CH2)n-CO-NH-(CH2)2-CO-NH-urokinase series. The coupling yield of the enzyme activity was from 33 to 68% depending on various forms of immobilized urokinase. The immobilized urokinase was characterized with regard to pH, temperature, storage, and thermal stabilities. PMID- 6221089 TI - Sensitive high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the determination of etodolac in serum. AB - A sensitive high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the determination of etodolac in serum was developed. The limit of detection was 0.2 microgram/ml. The specificity of the method was demonstrated by the lack of response obtained with a variety of control sera, sera spiked with etodolac congeners, and sera obtained from rats treated with a variety of other drugs. PMID- 6221090 TI - Evidence for lysosomotropic action of desipramine in cultured human fibroblasts. AB - The uptake and release of [3H]desipramine, an antidepressant drug, was investigated in cultures of human fibroblasts during single and repeated doses added to the culture medium. The resulting kinetics and the pH dependence suggest that desipramine is a lysosomotropic drug which is taken up into the cells by virtue of its amphiphilic character and concentrated in the acidic contents of the lysosomes by ion trapping. Similar to the lysosomotropic agent, chloroquine, desipramine interferes with the lysosomal degradation of endogenous sulfated mucopolysaccharides in a dose-dependent manner. In contrast to short time exposure, long-term treatment with desipramine produces intracellular granulation, possibly by interfering with the recycling of plasma membrane vesicles. The appearance of granular inclusions and the accumulation of intracellular desipramine which is difficult to exchange indicate a gradual formation of complexes with membrane phospholipids resulting in a lysosomal storage of desipramine. PMID- 6221091 TI - [Analysis of the left ventricular dimension in situ: contractility of a hypertrophic heart with pressure loading]. PMID- 6221092 TI - [Fluctuations in pulmonary fibrin decomposing activities (plasmin and non-plasmin activities) in an endotoxin DIC model in rats]. AB - Non-plasmin fibrinolysis enzyme was extracted from the lung and spleen of conventional rats (Thrombos. Haemostas., 1979), although the enzyme was not found in germfree rats, suggesting the possibility that the enzyme may participate in the defence mechanism of the body. The present study was made in an attempt to determine the behavior of non-plasmin fibrinolysis enzyme of the lung tissue in the DIC model of conventional rats induced by a single injection of bacterial endotoxin. The plasminogen-activator activity of the lung tissue, and the fibrinogen level, platelet count, urea nitrogen and plasminogen-activator activity in the blood were also measured. Examination of the lung tissue in the DIC rats indicated a remarkable increase in non-plasmin fibrinolysis activity and a disappearance of plasminogen-activator activity. Inhibitor studies using t AMCHA and DFP demonstrated that the increased non-plasmin fibrinolysis activity was not derived from activated plasmin, but from serine protease. The disappearance of plasminogen-activator activity in the lung and increase of plasminogen-activator activity in the blood suggested a release of the activator from the lung into the blood due to the endotoxin injection. PMID- 6221093 TI - [Gamma motor neurons and the stretch reflex]. PMID- 6221094 TI - Staining of composite and microfilled resin with stannous fluoride. PMID- 6221095 TI - "Phantom bite": classification and treatment. PMID- 6221096 TI - Creatine kinase and ATPase in human seminal fluid and prostatic fluid. AB - A creatine kinase assay based on estimation of creatine liberated from creatine phosphate was accurate and reproducible for use with seminal or prostatic fluid, after allowance was made for acid phosphatase interference. Comparison of this method with one which relies on enzymic coupling of ATP formation to NADP+ oxidation shows that the latter under-estimates creatine kinase activity by a factor of about 3. This discrepancy could be due to the high ATPase activity found in prostatic and seminal fluid. Uncritical use of the NADP+ assay might account for different seminal creatine kinase values reported in the literature. Interrelationships between ATPase, creatine kinase and zinc suggest that seminal ATPase is a prostatic secretory product while creatine kinase may be multiglandular in origin. PMID- 6221097 TI - Development of some male characteristics supported by oestrone but not dehydroepiandrosterone in the boar. AB - Prepubertally castrated boars received subcutaneous injections twice weekly, from 13 to 35 weeks of age, of dehydroepiandrosterone (2 mg/5 kg) or oestrone (1 mg/5 kg). Dehydroepiandrosterone did not support the growth and secretory activity of the accessory organs, or induce copulatory behaviour. However, oestrone caused hypertrophy of the prostate, seminal vesicles and bulbourethral glands which was due to an increase in fibrous stromal tissue and not to the secretory epithelium. Oestrone also induced some male mating behaviour patterns in the presence of an oestrous gilt, although penile extrusion and ejaculation did not occur. The morphological and behavioural effects of the steroid treatments were supported by steroid profiles in blood plasma as seen in comparison with androgen and oestrogen values of intact and untreated castrated boars. It is concluded that oestrogen in the intact boar might enhance the secretion of the accessory organs by affecting the neural control of the secretory processes rather than by increasing the amount of secretory epithelium in the glands. PMID- 6221098 TI - Immunoregulation in rheumatoid arthritis: evaluation of T lymphocyte function in the control of polyclonal immunoglobulin synthesis in vitro. AB - Immunoglobulin production by peripheral blood B lymphocytes in cultures containing various combinations of B and T cells was studied by a reverse hemolytic plaque forming cell assay in 21 patients with definite rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and 26 normal controls. Responses were markedly enhanced in controls when T cells were irradiated at 3200 rads or T cells bearing Fc receptors for IgG were removed by rosetting prior to coculture with B cells, while no such responses were observed in rheumatoids. In allogeneic cultures and T depleted cultures supplemented by normal T replacing factors, RA B lymphocytes functioned normally. These data suggest that there is an abnormality in immunoregulation that exists at the level of the T cell and that the defect involves T helper cells and/or their interaction with B lymphocytes. An increase in the ratio of T helper:suppressor (OKT4:OKT5) cells due to a reduction in suppressor cells among active RA patients was observed but did not correlate with this defect that was independent of disease activity. These data imply that functional alterations exist in vitro in circulating helper T cells from RA peripheral blood. PMID- 6221100 TI - Huntington's chorea in South Wales: mutation, fertility, and genetic fitness. AB - A study of mutation, biological fitness, and patterns of family building in Huntington's chorea has been carried out, based on a previously reported population study of the disorder in South Wales. No unequivocal new mutation was identified among 101 kindreds containing 418 affected persons, which supports the extreme rarity of mutation in this disorder. Increased values of fertility and fitness were found, both in relation to unaffected relatives and to the general population of the area. The proportion of unmarried persons and pattern of family building was comparable in affected and unaffected subjects, and no correlation with age at onset or mode of clinical presentation could be found. PMID- 6221099 TI - Plasmin-activated prodrugs for cancer chemotherapy. 1. Synthesis and biological activity of peptidylacivicin and peptidylphenylenediamine mustard. AB - Many tumors contain elevated levels of plasminogen activator and thus produce elevated levels of the protease plasmin in the milieu of the tumor. We have hypothesized, therefore, that it should be possible to prepare peptidyl prodrug derivatives of anticancer drugs that would be locally activated by tumor associated plasmin. As an initial test of this hypothesis, we synthesized the peptidyl prodrugs of the anticancer drugs (alpha S, 5S)-alpha-amino-3-chloro-4,5 dihydro-5-isoxazoleacetic acid (acivicin, AT-125) and N,N-bis(2-chloroethyl)-p phenylenediamine (phenylenediamine mustard) by mixed anhydride coupling of the parent drug with the protected tripeptide, Boc-D-Val-Leu-Lys(Boc)-OH, followed by deprotection with trifluoroacetic acid. The prodrugs showed an increased selective in vitro cytotoxicity for Rous sarcoma virus transformed chicken embryo fibroblasts (which produce elevated levels of plasminogen activator) compared to nontransformed fibroblasts (which produce low levels of plasminogen activator). In the presence of the plasmin inhibitor, p-nitrophenyl p'-guanidinobenzoate at 2 micrograms/mL, the selectivity of the phenylenediamine mustard prodrug was reduced, but there was no effect on the cytotoxicity of the free drug. Furthermore, the prodrug analogue D-valylleucyl-D-lysylphenylenediamine mustard (in which L-Lys has been replaced by D-Lys) was inactive. Finally, the prodrug derivative of acivicin did not display selective toxicity for transformed cells when the cells were cultured in plasminogen-free medium. These results suggest that plasmin hydrolysis is necessary for the activation of the prodrugs. The prodrugs were tested in vivo for antitumor activity. The prodrug of acivicin, like acivicin itself, was inactive against the B16 melanoma, a murine tumor that produces high levels of plasminogen activator. This prodrug was active against the M5076 carcinoma, a tumor that displays only moderate levels of plasminogen activator; however, despite the fact that the prodrug was 2- to 3-fold less toxic on a molar basis than acivicin, there was no evidence of an increased therapeutic index. The prodrug of phenylenediamine mustard was also slightly less toxic than the parent drug, but again there was no evidence for an improved therapeutic index against the B16 tumor. PMID- 6221101 TI - New mutations in Huntington's chorea. PMID- 6221102 TI - Ten genetic polymorphisms in bladder cancer. AB - Data are presented on a group of cases of primary carcinoma of the bladder, detailing red cell surface blood group antigenic phenotypes, serum haptoglobin phenotypes, and some red cell isoenzyme phenotypes. Account is taken of the stage of the disease at presentation. The results are compared with corresponding phenotype frequencies in groups of presumed healthy persons originating either in Yorkshire or County Durham. Differences in relative incidences were found in the haptoglobin, phosphoglucomutase (PGM), and some other systems. These are both differences between all cases and controls and between particular stages at presentation and controls. PMID- 6221103 TI - Graves' disease and Down's syndrome. PMID- 6221104 TI - The incidence of Down's syndrome over a 19-year period with special reference to maternal age. AB - The incidence of Down's syndrome in the Liverpool and Bootle areas from 1961 to 1979 was investigated. A total of 319 liveborn cases was ascertained over this period. Using 3-year moving averages, the incidence of the condition fell gradually from 1.62 per 1000 livebirths for 1961 to 1963 to 1.09 per 1000 livebirths for 1977 to 1979. This trend is significant at the 0.1% level. Over the same period the mean maternal age of Down's syndrome births fell gradually from 36.7 years in 1961 to 29.0 years in 1979. This trend is significant at the 1% level. There was a contemporaneous decrease in the proportion of total births to women over 35 years in the study area. Cytogenetic analysis was performed on 175 out of the 319 index cases (54.9%). Of these, there were 161 trisomies (92%), 11 translocations (6.3%), and three mosaics (1.7%). Between 1969 and 1979 four terminations of pregnancy for Down's syndrome were performed, all for trisomy. Quinquennial age specific incidences for Down's syndrome were calculated for the years 1960 to 1964, 1965 to 1969, 1970 to 1974, and 1975 to 1979. There have been no statistically significant changes over this time. It is suggested that the fall in incidence of Down's syndrome can be explained by the fall in mean maternal age. PMID- 6221105 TI - Down's syndrome in twins of unlike sex. AB - The occurrence of Down's syndrome in both dizygotic twins appears to be very rare. A case of twins of unlike sex is reported, in which chromosomal analysis showed trisomy 21 in both of them, while the parental karyotypes were normal. This is the third reported case of such a constellation, and the second one in which infant and parental chromosomal analysis was done. PMID- 6221106 TI - Analysis of peripheral T lymphocyte subpopulations in Graves' disease. AB - To detect possible changes in the T lymphocyte subpopulations in patients with Graves' disease, T mu and T gamma lymphocytes and "active" T lymphocytes were counted in the peripheral blood lymphocytes. Antithyroid autoantibodies were also measured in correlation with T lymphocyte subset analysis. We found no alteration whatever in T lymphocyte subpopulations, although there was a slight increase in the proportion of "active" T lymphocytes and T gamma lymphocytes in the untreated group, as compared to treated group, but the difference was not statistically significant. There was no correlation between T lymphocyte subpopulations and antithyroid autoantibodies. These data indicate that the defects in T gamma lymphocytes with suppressor function, probably does not explain the etiology of Graves' disease, despite the hypothesis that defects in suppressor cells may lead to the production of thyroid stimulating immunoglobulins and antithyroid autoantibodies in Graves' disease. PMID- 6221108 TI - Alterations of peripheral T-lymphocyte subpopulations in patients with insulin dependent (type 1) diabetes mellitus. AB - Subpopulations of peripheral T-lymphocytes were studied in two groups of patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM): eleven newly diagnosed diabetics and twenty-one patients having diabetes of long duration (13 +/- 1 yr). Monoclonal antibodies to the surface antigens of helper (OKT 4) and suppressor (OKT 8) T-cell subsets and to a common T-cell antigen (OKT 3) were used. The percentage of suppressor T-lymphocytes were found reduced in both the newly diagnosed patients (p less than 0.001) and the patients with long-term IDDM (p less than 0.05) in comparison with 16 age-matched healthy control persons. Furthermore, the newly diagnosed diabetics showed a lower percentage of suppressor T-cells (p less than 0.05) and a higher amount of helper T-cells (p less than 0.01) than the patients with long-term diabetes. Concerning the percentage of the total number of T-cells and the absolute number of lymphocytes, there were no significant differences between the patient groups and the controls. As earlier studies have pointed to the significance of immune reactions in diabetogenesis, a pathogenetic importance of the observed imbalance of subpopulations of T-lymphocytes in IDDM should be considered. PMID- 6221107 TI - Spontaneous and concanavalin A induced suppressor cell activity in patients undergoing bone marrow transplantation: relationship with acute and chronic graft versus host disease. AB - Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 23 patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), acute myeloid leukemia (AML) or aplastic anemia (AA) undergoing allogeneic bone marrow transplantation were examined for spontaneous and Concanavalin A (Con-A)-induced suppressor activities against proliferative response of autologous or allogeneic responder lymphocytes to phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and for its relationship with acute or chronic graft-versus host disease (GVHD). Patients who developed acute GVHD had increased spontaneous and deficient Con A-induced suppressor cell activity, whereas patients who developed chronic GVHD or had no evidence of GVHD had both spontaneous and Con A-induced suppressor cell activity essentially similar to that of healthy controls. The nature of underlying disease (ALL v. AML v. AA) had no relationship with the abnormal suppressor functions. Depletion of adherent monocytes from mononuclear cells from a patient with acute GVHD and deficient Con A-induced suppressor function, restored the suppressor function, demonstrating the role of monocytes for deficient Con A suppressor function in some patients with acute GVHD. Additional mechanisms of abnormal immunoregulatory functions in bone marrow transplant recipients are discussed. PMID- 6221109 TI - Con A suppressor cell assay: a further characterization. AB - Con A induced suppressor cell assay was further characterized in this study. Significant lower mitogenic responses of autologous fresh cells cocultured with Con A-activated cells were found when compared with the response of cocultures of responders plus control cells preincubated in medium alone. However, Con A activated cells did not express a real suppression, since no difference was found between responses of fresh responders alone and responses of cocultures with Con A-activated cells. So, Con A activation seemed to block the expression of the enhancement provided by control cells to autologous responders, rather than to induce a real suppressor activity. The induction of the Con A suppressor cell activity required cell proliferation but it was not proportional to the degree of DNA synthesis. Monocyte depleted cell populations exhibited lower Con A suppressor cell activity compared to unfractionated cells, suggesting a cooperative role of monocytes in the Con A induction step. The expression of this activity was not due to a cytotoxicity against the responders and was dependent on the number of activated cells added. Mononuclear cells from active lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients, but not from inactive SLE patients differed from normal controls in showing a significant loss of suppression index. PMID- 6221110 TI - Impaired generation of helper T cells in a patient with chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis and malignant thymoma. PMID- 6221111 TI - The distribution of Down's syndrome. AB - A recent increase in the incidence of Down's syndrome has been found, mainly affecting young mothers. It is concluded that this increase is due to the environment, and an association with the contraceptive pill is sought. The cause of non-disjunction is discussed and the probability of prevention suggested. PMID- 6221112 TI - Clinical evaluation of dementia in Down's syndrome: a preliminary report. AB - Down's syndrome residents were found to have significantly greater impairment on measures of orientation, attention span, digit span recall, visual memory, object identification and praxis, and were more likely to have pathological released reflexes than age and IQ matched controls. Neuropsychiatric status tended to worsen with advancing age in Down's syndrome, but not in controls. Forty-five percent of DS individuals age 45 or older had a full syndrome of dementia, compared to only 5% of controls. Although further research is necessary, particularly employing larger samples and more detailed medical screening, these results support the association of dementia Alzheimer type with Down's syndrome. PMID- 6221113 TI - Receptive language processing of Down's syndrome children. AB - A group of Down's syndrome children was tested on the Token Test for Children (Di Simoni, 1978), and their scores were compared with those of a group of retarded children with other conditions, matched on PPVT score and CA, and a group of non retarded children, matched on PPVT score. It was found that the Down's syndrome children were significantly poorer than the non-Down's syndrome children on those parts of the test requiring sequential or syntactic processing, while they showed no deficits in performing tasks requiring spatial/simultaneous processing. Both groups of retarded children generally performed more poorly than the non-retarded children. The results were discussed in terms of the language development of Down's syndrome children, given a possible right hemisphere dominance for language processing. PMID- 6221114 TI - Glucosyltransferase: the basis for caries? PMID- 6221115 TI - Nucleotide sequence of bacteriophage lambda DNA. PMID- 6221116 TI - Structure and inherent properties of the bacteriophage lambda head shell. III. Spectroscopic studies on the expansion of the prohead. AB - The head shell of bacteriophage lambda expands by about 20% in diameter when it packages the DNA molecule in vivo. The expansion reaction is essentially a conformational change of the major head protein molecules to a state of lower free energy and can also be triggered in vitro by treatment with 4 M-urea. In order to investigate the conformational change, we have measured the circular dichroism, fluorescence and difference absorption spectra of the lambda head shell before and after the expansion by the treatment with urea. The far ultraviolet circular dichroism spectra and the fluorescence spectra show that the expansion is not accompanied by a great change in the secondary structure (29% alpha-helix, 23% beta-structure) and the environment (non-polar) of the tryptophan residues of the major head protein molecule. On the other hand, by measurements of the circular dichroism and difference absorption spectra in the near-ultraviolet region as well as by chemical modification experiments with tetranitromethane, we have found that one or two tyrosine residues of the major head protein are transferred from a polar, solvent-exposed to a non-polar, solvent-unexposed environment during the expansion. Judging from these results, the conformational change seems to be mainly intermolecular or interdomainal rather than intradomainal. PMID- 6221117 TI - Effect of mercuric chloride on the proliferative response of human lymphocytes to cultured HeLa cells or a lectin. AB - Proliferative responses of human lymphocytes to cultured allogeneic HeLa cells and to PHA were employed as in vitro cellular immune systems to investigate effects of mercuric chloride on the both proliferative responses. When stimulator HeLa cells were pretreated with mercury, proliferative response of lymphocytes to HeLa cells in the mixed cell culture was suppressed dose-dependently. The response of lymphocytes treated with mercury to HeLa cells was suppressed markedly, even at 15-min exposure to 1 X 10(-5) M HgCl2. The response of lymphocytes to PHA as well as that to HeLa cells was suppressed by mercury treatment, even at 15-min exposure. A possible mechanism for the suppressive effect of mercury on the mixed cell reaction was discussed; mercury modification of molecules at the cell surface of the stimulator cells or responder cells and effects of mercury on macrophages. PMID- 6221119 TI - In vitro synthesis of rainbow trout dynein. PMID- 6221118 TI - The effects of echinatin and its related compounds on the mitochondrial energy transfer reaction. AB - To investigate the mechanism by which various biological action of licorice root are brought about, the effects of echinatin as a small constituent of Glycyrrhiza echinata and several related compounds on mitochondrial energy transfer reactions were examined. The results obtained were as follows: 1) Echinatin, 4' hydroxychalcone, chalcone and 3,4'-dihydroxychalcone at a low concentration cause deterioration of respiratory control and oxidative phosphorylation of isolated rat liver mitochondria. 2) Chalcone and 4'-hydroxychalcone stimulate both latent and DNP-ATPase activity of mitochondria. Echinatin inhibits DNP-ATPase activity while stimulating range latent ATPase activity in the low concentration. 3) Chalcone and 4'-hydroxychalcone induce a rapid potassium release from mitochondrial vesicles, while echinatin and 3,4'-dihydroxychalcone have lesser effect than the former two substances. From these results, it can be concluded that echinatin and several related compounds disturb the mitochondrial energy transfer reactions and membrane permeability. PMID- 6221120 TI - Motility of human sperm without outer dynein arms. AB - Motility of human sperm lacking outer dynein arms has been studied before and after selection of the motile fraction of spermatozoa by migration in a saline solution. The flagellar wave forms appeared normal in both the seminal plasma and saline but the rate of forward progression, the head velocity and the beat frequency were approximately half of those observed with normal sperm. However the spermatozoa were capable of moving forward and of migrating out of the seminal plasma. PMID- 6221121 TI - Ultrasonographic appearance of anterior abdominal wall desmoid tumors. PMID- 6221123 TI - Doubly resistant gonorrhea looms as future problem. PMID- 6221122 TI - The Turnbull loop stoma. AB - The stoma is the weak link of external urinary diversion. Improper stomal position or configuration produces the unnecessary burden of leakage for the patient with diversion. Stomal bleeding, incrustation and peristomal dermatitis cause inconvenience and expense. Stomal stenosis is the most common reason for repeat operation of an ileal conduit. The Turnbull loop stoma obviates many of these problems. We have performed 100 urinary diversions using this stoma with minimal stomal complications and no episodes of stomal stenosis from 1 to 7 years postoperatively. The significant complication has been parastomal hernia. Minor modifications of the technique have lowered the incidence of hernia. Loop stomas are our principal form of stomal construction. PMID- 6221124 TI - Credo for creeping paralysis. PMID- 6221126 TI - The critical assessment of the experimental techniques for cardiac performance. PMID- 6221125 TI - The Food and Drug Administration and medroxyprogesterone acetate. What are the issues? AB - In 1978, the Food and Drug Administration denied approval of the three-month injectable contraceptive depot medroxyprogesterone acetate for use in the United States. This decision goes against the advice of the FDA's own scientific advisory panels, as well as the rulings of the World Health Organization and the drug regulation institutions of more than 70 developed and developing countries. In response to protest from the manufacturer of depot medroxyprogesterone acetate and from many health professionals, the FDA took the unusual step of scheduling a public board of inquiry to review its decision in January 1983. Reviewing the scientific literature on the risks and benefits of depot medroxyprogesterone acetate, we find no reason to deny depot medroxyprogesterone acetate approval, provided that studies of its possible side effects are continued and that women use it only after having made an informed choice between this and other methods of contraception. PMID- 6221128 TI - [Timed bacteriostatic and bactericidal activities of latamoxef against clinical strains of gram-negative bacteria]. PMID- 6221129 TI - [Bactericidal effects and combined action of micronomicin with beta-lactam antibiotics against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli]. AB - Micronomicin (MCR, sagamicin) exhibited bactericidal effects at the lowest concentration among the tested aminoglycoside antibiotics, those were all bactericidal at lower concentrations than that of cefoperazone. When MCR was combined with cefoperazone (CPZ) or piperacillin (PIPC), they showed synergistic activity on checker-board method against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and they were also synergistic against Escherichia coli when MCR was combined with cefmetazole (CMZ) and cefoxitin (CFX). MCR was synergistic against 40.7% and 44.4% of clinically isolated P. aeruginosa at the fractionary inhibitory concentration (FIC) index 0.5 or less in combination with PIPC and CPZ, respectively. All of the remaining strains of P. aeruginosa were included in the partially synergistic range of FIC index 0.5 to 1. Between MCR and CFX or CMZ, synergy was observed against 63.0% and 88.9% of clinical isolates of E. coli at the FIC index less than 1. Combined effects of MCR and PIPC or CPZ were observed investigating the growing curve of P. aeruginosa, too. PMID- 6221127 TI - [Laboratory and clinical studies on latamoxef in the field of obstetrics and gynecology]. AB - Latamoxef (LMOX) is a new antibiotic synthesized by Shionogi Research Laboratory. Chemically LMOX is especially unique with a sulfur atom replacing the oxygen atom in the 1 position of the conventional cephalosporin nucleus, and in addition, this antibiotic has a cephamycin-like structure. The antibacterial activity of LMOX shows high potency against Gram-negative bacteria, but tends to be weak against Gram-positive bacteria. The tissue levels of LMOX in humans after intravenous injection of 1 g were examined. The levels in uterine and adnexa uteri tissue at 1 hour after administration were 25.4 and 27.4 micrograms/g respectively. LMOX was administered to 147 cases in infections of obstetric and gynecological field. The clinical effect according to disease was 94.6% for intrauterine infections, 95.0% for adnexitis, 87.0% intrapelvic infections, and 100% for external genital organ infections, making a total of 92.5%. The rate of occurrence of side effects or abnormal laboratory findings was similar to or slightly less than that seen with other beta-lactam antibiotics. PMID- 6221130 TI - [Studies on the combination action of sisomicin, gentamicin and piperacillin, cefmetazole against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Serratia marcescens]. AB - The combined actions of sisomicin (SISO), gentamicin (GM) and piperacillin (PIPC), cefmetazole (CMZ) against Pseudomonas aeruginosa E-2 and Serratia marcescens T-55 were studied. The following results were obtained. 1. The combinations of SISO-PIPC, SISO-CMZ, GM-PIPC and GM-CMZ using the checker board dilution method on P. aeruginosa E-2 and S. marcescens T-55 were found to have a synergistic effect and the minimum FIC index values were 0.38 in all combinations. 2. With the killing kinetic method, all combinations tested showed a synergistic effect. 3. A synergistic effect of the combinations of SISO-PIPC, SISO-CMZ, GM-PIPC and GM-CMZ was observed in the protective effect on experimental P. aeruginosa E-2 and S. marcescens T-55 infections in mice. PMID- 6221131 TI - [Percutaneous transluminal renal angioplasty]. PMID- 6221132 TI - [Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) of the peripheral arteries]. PMID- 6221133 TI - [Clinical studies on combined ventilation (81mKr)/perfusion (99mTc-MAA) scintigraphy--with special reference to the "mismatch" patterns and their significance]. PMID- 6221134 TI - [Study of platelet involvement in glomerular renal diseases]. PMID- 6221136 TI - [Experimental day care project for handicapped children. 6. Preparation of programs to aid the maximum development of the children]. PMID- 6221135 TI - [Clinical studies on bone deposition of 99mTc-labeled-DPD (dicarboxypropane diphosphonate): a comparison with 99mTc-methylene diphosphonate]. PMID- 6221137 TI - [Innovation in communicating with ALS patients--a trial of the use of Morse code]. PMID- 6221138 TI - In vitro fertilization and embryo transfer. AB - In vitro fertilization is one of the newest approaches to infertility. Opportunities for nurses in IVF involve teaching couples about physiology, providing technical assistance and care, and counseling about the medical and emotional aspects of the program. Many times the nurse serves as the primary support person for couples and as their advocate with other team members. PMID- 6221139 TI - [Profile: Miss Etsudo Takeda who participated in the care of the handicapped in the United states]. PMID- 6221140 TI - [Asymmetric hypertrophy of the myocardium in patients with hypertension (echocardiographic data)]. AB - This paper is devoted to the diagnosis of asymmetrical hypertrophy of the ventricular septum in patients with hypertensive disease with the aid of echocardiography. Asymmetrical hypertrophy of the ventricular septum comprised 4 5% of cases. The contractile function of the myocardium in this group of patients remains normal for a long time, while the dilatation is affected. The nitroglycerin test permits to elicit functional signs of obstruction to the outflow tract of the left ventricle in patients with asymmetrical hypertrophy of the ventricular septum. PMID- 6221141 TI - Characterization of inflammatory cells in autoimmune tubulointerstitial nephritis in rats. AB - Brown Norway rats immunized with bovine tubular basement membrane (TBM) antigens develop tubulointerstitial nephritis. The composition of the inflammatory cell infiltrate was characterized in kidney tissue sections and cell suspensions obtained from affected kidneys. Anti-TBM antibody deposition in the kidney began 8 days after immunization and was followed on days 8 to 10 by C3 deposits and infiltration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN). After day 13, the infiltrate became almost exclusively mononuclear in character. On day 13, the inflammatory mononuclear cells recovered by Ficoll-Hypaque centrifugation contained 10% Ig+ cells (B cells), 60% W3/25+ cells (T helper cells), 9% OX8+ cells (T suppressor cells), 9% esterase+ cells (monocytes/macrophages), 4% renal cells, and 8% other unidentified cells. Monocytes/macrophages were prominent only at the latest stages of the disease. The ratio of W3/25+ to OX8+ cells was higher in the kidney than in the spleen or peripheral blood. The sequential accumulation of T cells and then monocytes/macrophages after an initial antibody, complement, and PMN lesion suggests a role for the T cells (selective prevalence of the helper T cell population over that of suppressor T cells) both as inflammatory cells and in progression and regulation of the subsequent stages of injury. PMID- 6221142 TI - Comparative study of in situ immune deposit formation in active and passive Heymann nephritis. PMID- 6221143 TI - Suppressor cells in experimental murine leprosy. PMID- 6221144 TI - [Inflammatory tumor of the abdominal cavity after alloplasty of the anterior abdominal wall for left-sided inguinal hernia]. PMID- 6221145 TI - [Method of treating postoperative abdominal hernias using autoplasty by creation of a double fold in the abdominal wall]. PMID- 6221146 TI - [Transposition of the artificial anus from the abdominal wall to the perineum in the long-term period after extirpation of the rectum]. PMID- 6221147 TI - [Abdominal form of periodic disease]. PMID- 6221148 TI - [Terminal colostomy in children]. PMID- 6221149 TI - [Biopsy with laparoscopy]. PMID- 6221150 TI - [Hematoma of the anterior abdominal wall simulating acute abdomen]. PMID- 6221152 TI - [Transplantation of cultures of human fetal pancreatic islet cells to diabetes mellitus patients]. PMID- 6221153 TI - [Use of a complex method of examination in the differential diagnosis of mechanical jaundice]. PMID- 6221151 TI - [The role of interleukin-2 during the activation of cytotoxic T-lymphocytes]. PMID- 6221154 TI - [New hereditary variant of a skin and bone lesion]. PMID- 6221155 TI - Control of microbial and parasitic contamination in the production of laboratory rodents. PMID- 6221156 TI - The human factor--the weakest link? AB - The German Animal-Laboratory-Information-System (ALIS) was used to assist the laboratory animal care program. The transmission of disease from man is a hazard to the health of laboratory animals. Mycoplasmas, Escherichia coli, staphylococci and Listeria were considered as hazards to laboratory animals. Special consideration was given to Escherichia coli strains of O groups 7 and 146 and to different lysotypes of Staphylococcus aureus. Important areas where human mistakes can be prevented are discussed. These include distance of animal quarters from processing areas, the diameter of sanitary sewers, air conditioning, noise, drinking water, cage changing procedures, wetting of animals, quarantine areas and separation of species. Training of laboratory animal technicians in Germany consists of both in-service and formal types. The formal training lasts 2 years. People selected for formal training should be tested to assure they are not allergic to laboratory animal dander. PMID- 6221157 TI - Criteria for selecting the animal to meet the research need. AB - Prior to designing any study which utilizes animals, a number of criteria should be considered. One should decide whether alternatives to intact animal usage (tissue culture systems or mathematical models) will provide acceptable results. Perhaps there is a naturally-occurring animal model which resembles the condition to be studied. Careful consideration should then be made to select the correct animal species, the genotypic, microbial status and numbers of such animals needed. Once the study has been completed, these animal-related factors should be considered when interpreting the data. PMID- 6221158 TI - Pyruvate carboxylase activity in lymphoblasts. PMID- 6221159 TI - The prevention of extra cardiac conduit obstruction: an experimental study. AB - Acquired right ventricular (RV) extracardiac conduit (ECC) obstruction was studied in an animal model. A 16 mm woven Dacron tube graft was inserted between the right ventricle (RV) and main pulmonary artery (PA) in 18 adult mongrel dogs followed by pulmonary artery occlusion with a Dacron tape. In 9 dogs, the RV anastomosis was maintained with a 16 mm Dacron covered polypropylene stent. The remaining 9 animals with direct suture attachment of the graft to the myocardium served as controls. Cardiac output and transconduit resistance were measured at operation, 6 months, and 1 year. The cardiac output remained the same in both groups. Animals with stented ECC showed little change in transconduit resistance and had a widely patent RV anastomosis at 1 year. Unstented conduits had increased transconduit resistance at 6 months and 1 year (P less than 0.002). Postmortem examination showed fibromuscular ingrowth of the ventricular anastomosis to be the site of the acquired obstruction in unstented extracardiac conduits. The inclusion of a rigid stent in RV-ECC may warrant clinical application to prevent fibromuscular ingrowth and late RV anastomotic obstruction. PMID- 6221160 TI - Suppressor substance produced by the K562 cell line in vitro. AB - Supernatant fluids from three human cultured cell lines, K562, NALM-1, and Daudi, all isolated from patients with lymphoreticular malignancies, were tested for suppressive activity toward normal lymphocytes in vitro. It was found that the K562 line elaborated material which effectively suppressed the response of normal human blood lymphocytes to the T-cell mitogens phytohemagglutinin and concanaval in A as well as the mixed lymphocyte reaction. Little or no suppressive activity was evident when supernatants from Daudi or NALM-1 were used. In contrast, a recent report [29] indicates that K562 does not inhibit the induction of immunoglobulin synthesis of B lymphocytes by pokeweed mitogen. The findings are discussed in the context of the immunosuppression associated with cancer and the apparent selective inhibition of different lymphocyte functions by material elaborated by different neoplasms. PMID- 6221161 TI - Comparative removal of ascorbic acid and other airway substances by sequential bronchoalveolar lavages. PMID- 6221162 TI - Ascorbic acid in bronchoalveolar wash. PMID- 6221163 TI - Noninvasive electromagnetic blood flowmeter: theoretical aspects and technical evaluation. PMID- 6221164 TI - [Medical care in a Palestinian refugee camp: surprising absence of exotic diseases. Disabled children a major but neglected problem]. PMID- 6221165 TI - [Levels of moxalactam in the cerebral ventricles during the treatment of Klebsiella septicemia]. PMID- 6221166 TI - Rhinophyma treated by argon laser. AB - Results are reported of rhinophyma treated by argon laser. The therapy is assumed to be based on two features: first, selective coagulation of the blood capillaries which cause redness of the nose and which feed the hypertrophic regions; second, direct coagulation shrinkage of the hypertrophic connective tissue. The therapy is simple, causes no noticeable discomfort, requires no (local) anaesthesia or admission, and can be performed more than once. Thirteen patients were treated, eleven men and two women. Systemic treatment could be stopped in all but one case (seven patients). Two out of ten patients still use resorcinol but at a reduced frequency. The general result is a smooth and more natural appearance of the nose without redness. Pustulosis has become an exception. PMID- 6221167 TI - Cell biology of hematoporphyrin derivative (HPD). AB - Tissue culture cells were treated with hematoporphyrin derivative (HPD) and analyzed for (1) HPD uptake, (2) HPD washout, and (3) fluorescence changes. The absorption peaks were the same for HPD in solution and HPD bound to cells. HPD was taken up by all cell types rapidly within the first 10 hours of exposure, and leveled off by 20 hours of exposure. HPD came out of all cell types to control levels by 72 hours after removal of the HPD bathing solution. The HPD appeared to come out of the malignant 3-T-12 cells more slowly than from the parental (non malignant) 3-T-3 cells. The fluorescence spectrum of HPD-treated cells changed markedly from the time that the bathing HPD solution was removed from the cells. As time progressed the weakly fluorescent 590-nm peak increased greatly and the 615-nm and 630-nm peaks decreased significantly. PMID- 6221168 TI - The demonstration of two types of suppressor mechanism in leprosy patients and their contacts by quadruple skin-testing with mycobacterial reagent mixtures. PMID- 6221170 TI - [Basic work principles for nurses in mastering related professions]. PMID- 6221169 TI - Increased choline acetyltransferase activity in pressure-overloaded right ventricles of guinea pigs. AB - Choline acetyltransferase activity, a biochemical indication of parasympathetic innervation, is increased in the hypertrophied right ventricle of guinea pigs after pulmonary artery constriction (PAC). The increase appears to be dependent on the severity and the duration of hypertrophy. This change in choline acetyltransferase activity suggests compensatory changes occur in the parasympathetic innervation of PAC guinea pigs which allows the right ventricle to maintain its level of parasympathetic innervation despite marked hypertrophy. Unlike the right ventricle, the SA node of PAC guinea pigs does not have detectable changes in choline acetyltransferase activity. This model of right ventricular hypertrophy also does not have detectable changes in baroreflex control of heart rate. PMID- 6221171 TI - [Functional obligations of the nurse in the healthy child office]. PMID- 6221172 TI - [At the sources of the epidemiological health service of Soviet public health]. PMID- 6221173 TI - [Work of the nurses' council in the polyclinic of the Murmansk City Health Department]. PMID- 6221174 TI - [Determination of cefoperazone levels of the serum, bile and the gallbladder wall]. PMID- 6221176 TI - Posterior aortic wall echocardiogram. Differences between normals and patients with impaired left ventricular filling. PMID- 6221175 TI - [Mezlocillin or the combination preparation mezlocillin/oxacillin 2:1 in diseases in pediatric surgery. Clinical experiences]. PMID- 6221177 TI - The production and aromatization of dehydroepiandrosterone in post-menopausal women. AB - Using infusions of [3H]dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and [14C]oestrogens, the metabolic clearance rates (MCRD) and blood production rates (PDB) of DHEA and the rate of aromatization of DHEA to oestrone and oestradiol were measured in 7 normal post-menopausal women. The mean +/- SEM value for MCRD was 1850 +/- 270 l/day and for PDB was 3.2 +/- 0.6 mg/day. The MCRD value is similar to those reported for young women but PDB is less than those reported for younger women. The mean +/- SEM value for the aromatization rate of DHEA to E1 in 6 women was 0.0058 +/- 0.004 and in 1 woman the aromatization rate of DHEA to E2 was 0.0008. About 30% of the aromatization of DHEA to E1 occurred via the blood pool of androstenedione. However, 20-25% of E1 arose via the aromatization of DHEA to E1 in peripheral tissues without the intermediacy of the blood pool of androstenedione, and thus the peripheral aromatization of DHEA can be an important source of E1 in some women. PMID- 6221178 TI - [Dental and oral care of cancer patients treated with irradiation and chemotherapy]. PMID- 6221179 TI - Fundamental and applied aspects of rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 6221180 TI - [Winter breeding of Culex pipiens molestus Forsk. mosquitoes in open reservoirs in Baku]. PMID- 6221181 TI - [Characteristics of the biology and the epidemiological significance of Phlebotomus longiductus, Parr., 1928 in Dzhambul Province, Kazakh SSR]. PMID- 6221182 TI - [Changes in the species composition and population of synanthropic flies in a large city located in the central zone of the European part of the USSR and the prospects for further decreasing the count of these insects]. PMID- 6221183 TI - [Fertility of female Anopheles sacharovi Favre mosquitoes in populations resistant to DDT in Azerbaijan]. PMID- 6221184 TI - Fluorescence bronchoscopy for localization of carcinoma in situ. AB - A fluorescence bronchoscope system has been developed for imaging lung tumors by fluorescence of a previously injected, tumor-specific agent hematoporphyrin derivative. Carcinoma in situ has been localized, but there are too many false positives and negatives. A new system has been implemented which allows rapid switching between viewing of fluorescence, and viewing of the same area under white light illumination as in conventional bronchoscopy. The excitation source is a violet krypton ion laser coupled to a fused quartz fiber light conductor, with a diverging microlens to spread the light uniformly. A third-generation, microchannel plate image intensifier amplifies the weak fluorescence for viewing and video display, recording, and analysis. A movable mirror and periscope bypasses the intensifier for normal color viewing and video display and recording, with the laser shutter closed and the white light shutter open. This facilitates accurate localization, comparison of the color and fluorescence images, and precise sampling during biopsy. The improved system should reduce the false positive rate due to biopsy sampling error, and together with the video analyzer should reduce indeterminate results. PMID- 6221185 TI - Interference of dichloromethane diphosphonate with parathyroid hormone effects at the bone but not at the kidney level. AB - Treatment with dichloromethane diphosphonate (Cl2MDP, 10 mg P/kg s.c. for 3 days) did not abolish the rapid hypocalciuric effect of acute administration of parathyroid hormone (PTH) to thyroparathyroidectomized (TPTX) rats. Cl2MDP impaired, however, the slower hypercalcemic response to PTH. This latter effect of Cl2MDP did not result from increased renal excretion of calcium. Thus, Cl2MDP does not interfere with the kidney but with the bone effect of PTH. This finding explains, at least in part, why, under treatment with Cl2MDP, there is still an effective regulation of plasma calcium. PMID- 6221186 TI - Mineralization of rat epiphyseal cartilage: a circadian rhythm. PMID- 6221187 TI - Dioxin effects on human health. PMID- 6221189 TI - Does hydroxyurea inhibit DNA replication in mouse cells by more than one mechanism? AB - Cell-free DNA synthesis was performed in a lysed cell system from mouse cell cultures. The in vitro reaction was totally inhibited by N-ethylmaleimide but unaffected by hydroxyurea or fluorodeoxyuridine when these compounds were added to the incubation mixture. However, in a preparation obtained from cells which had been blocked by hydroxyurea before lysis, the rate of DNA synthesis was markedly reduced. This effect could not have been caused by the depletion of the precursor pools as all necessary triphosphates were added to the in vitro incubation mixture. Analysis by alkaline density gradients showed that the ligation of primary synthesis products is retarded in hydroxyurea-pretreated lysed cells and that small fragments accumulate. These results suggest that hydroxyurea interferes with the processing of early replication products, preventing the formation of longer intermediates. Its mechanism is either independent from the well-known inhibition of ribonucleoside diphosphate reductase or it may be the result of an as-yet-unknown function of this enzyme in a later step of replication. This observation could help to explain why cells appear to be blocked by hydroxyurea in the early part of the S phase (rather than at the G1/S border proper) and also why DNA repair synthesis is relatively insensitive to the drug. PMID- 6221190 TI - [Histochemical study of ATPase in the supraoptic nucleus and neural lobe of rats]. PMID- 6221188 TI - Proteoliposome as the model for the study of membrane-bound enzymes and transport proteins. AB - Reconstitution of membrane-bound enzymes and transport proteins with the artificial phospholipid bilayer (liposomes) is one of the most useful techniques to study the functional aspects of these proteins. Several biochemical and biophysical parameters related to the expression of the functions of these proteins can be conveniently studied in the reconstituted proteoliposomes. Methods have been described for the preparation of model membranes and emphasis has been given specially to liposomes. Methodologies for the reconstitution of biologically active proteoliposomes using varieties of membrane-bound enzymes and proteins and their assay have been presented in details. The merits and demerits of each method and the subsequent modification of the technique have been indicated. Factors controlling the orientation and functions of the enzymes and carrier proteins in the reconstituted proteoliposomes have also been described. Attempts have been made to include few examples to describe how the reconstituted model membrane is helping us to know the molecular basis of many salient features of the biomembranes. Finally, the possible application of the proteoliposomes for the study of other complex membrane phenomena has been postulated. PMID- 6221191 TI - Selective vulnerability of the centrifugal and centripetal axons of primary sensory neurons. AB - The primary sensory neurons are unique in possessing one axon that lies within the peripheral nervous system and another that extends into the central nervous system. The two, therefore, have different environments and are associated with different supporting cells. Most of the distal ("dying-back") axonopathies that have so far been studied display simultaneous distal degeneration of both the peripherally and centrally directed axons of the dorsal root ganglion cells ("central-peripheral distal axonopathy"); others may display selective distal degeneration of the peripheral axons. Recent electrophysiological (sensory nerve conduction and somatosensory evoked potentials) and neuropathological studies have demonstrated that a further pattern in distal axonopathies is a selective or predominant degeneration of the centrally directed axons. This has been suggested for hereditary spastic paraplegia and clioquinol neurotoxicity. Persistent symptoms in central and central-peripheral distal axonopathies may result from imperfect regeneration of the centrally directed axons. PMID- 6221193 TI - Sounding Board. The illness as the focus of geriatric medicine. AB - Understanding the difference between illness and disease is a prerequisite to the care of patients affected by incurable disorders. Educated palliation in the absence of substantive information regarding this discrepancy is the art of medicine. Because elderly patients often present with several chronic diseases, many of which are irreversible, cure-oriented physicians caring for the elderly are especially vulnerable to frequent disappointments. Multiple influences, such as psychological, social, environmental, and iatrogenous factors, may also substantially limit the possibilities for "total cure." More important, even though many chronic conditions are incurable, the discomfort or disability they produce may be substantially modified. If this concept is not realized and addressed, patients (many of them elderly) with irreversible chronic diseases may receive less than optimal care from physicians seeking cures. Studies need to be directed at defining and quantifying specific interactions between illness and disease and discovering risk factors for chronic disability in the elderly. The degree to which we as physicians can assist the chronically ill may reflect our understanding of human discomfort and our sensitivity to personal distress. If we maintain a purely disease-specific focus, we may have difficulty thinking about strategies to serve the patient. Defining pathologic entities may be less complicated than intervening in the illness of the patient, but the latter constitutes healing. PMID- 6221192 TI - Immunodeficiency in female sexual partners of men with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. AB - Because the current outbreak of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) among previously healthy adults may be caused by a transmissible biologic agent, and because it may be preceded by immunologic abnormalities with or without a prodromal illness, we studied seven female sexual partners of male patients with the syndrome. The male patients were all drug abusers. One of the seven women was found to have the full-blown syndrome, a second had an illness consistent with the prodrome of AIDS (generalized lymphadenopathy, lymphopenia, and a decreased ratio of helper to suppressor T cells), and four others had generalized lymphadenopathy or lymphopenia, with or without a decreased ratio of helper to suppressor T cells. Only one woman had no abnormalities. These findings suggest that AIDS may be transmitted between heterosexual men and women. PMID- 6221194 TI - Immunomodulating treatment in patients with aplastic anemia. PMID- 6221195 TI - [Development of precocious puberty; a clinical study]. PMID- 6221196 TI - Suppressor cells in melanoma and lung cancer: correlation with the clinical stage. AB - Mononuclear blood cells from 40 healthy donors, 25 patients with melanoma and 35 patients with lung cancer were tested for suppressor cell activity and response to phytohemagglutinin (PHA). The suppressor cell activity was measured by determining the ability of Mitomycin C (MMC)-treated mononuclear cells from patients and controls to suppress the in vitro response of responder cells to PHA. Mononuclear cells from one healthy donor were stored in liquid nitrogen for use as responder cells. Indomethacin-sensitive suppression was also measured. In both groups of patients the mean values of suppressor cell activity in co-culture were higher than those in control group. When patients were subdivided in groups according to the clinical stage, the level of suppressor cell activity increased with the stage. Indomethacin-sensitive suppression was detected in some patients but the differences between patient and control groups were not statistically proved. An inverse relationship was observed between indomethacin-sensitive suppression and the PHA response. PMID- 6221197 TI - A parathyroid tumour demonstrated by bone scintigraphy. PMID- 6221198 TI - Glomerular filtration rate and brush border debris excretion after mercuric chloride and ischemic acute renal failure: mannitol versus furosemide diuresis. PMID- 6221199 TI - Laser Doppler blood flow studies during open muscle biopsy in patients with neuromuscular diseases. AB - Laser Doppler measurements of skeletal muscle blood flow were performed in 12 patients with neuromuscular disorders and 6 controls. The mean resting blood flows and postocclusive reactive hyperemias were similar for the patients with neuropathic disorders and for controls. The patients with myopathic disorders had higher resting muscle blood flows and reactive hyperemias. Correlation of blood flow results and muscle biopsy characteristics suggested that muscle type grouping was not associated with a change in skeletal muscle blood flow, whereas muscle fiber degeneration was associated with an increased blood flow. PMID- 6221200 TI - THIP treatment of Huntington's disease. AB - We evaluated the therapeutic efficacy of gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) system stimulation in four patients with classical Huntington's disease and one with the hypokinetic-rigid form. Orally administered THIP (4,5,6,7-tetrahydroisoxazolo [5,4,-c] pyridin-3-ol), a novel GABA receptor agonist, failed to improve motor or cognitive function during a 2-week trial. At maximum levels, THIP mimicked another putative GABA agonist, muscimol, in causing unsteadiness of gait, diminished attention to sensory stimuli, and somnolence. These effects suggest that central GABA systems participate in the regulation of some human and behavioral functions. CSF content of homovanillic acid, a major metabolite of dopamine, increased during high-dose THIP therapy, suggesting that augmentation of dopaminergic function may have contributed to the drug's lack of efficacy. PMID- 6221201 TI - Normal erythrocyte uptake of L-DOPA in Parkinson's, Huntington's, and related diseases. AB - We measured the kinetic constants for the unidirectional influx of L-DOPA into red blood cells of patients with Parkinson's disease (seven patients), Huntington's disease (seven patients), and other extrapyramidal diseases (11 patients), and in five controls. Influx consisted of two components with low affinity and high exchange capacity. In individual subjects, the L-DOPA concentration giving half-maximal influx (Km) varied between 0.04 and 2.19 mM, and the maximum velocity (Vmax) of the saturable transport component was between 20 and 578 mumol/l cell water/h, which is compatible with the neutral amino acids of low affinity for the transport system. The range of Kd (the first-order rate constant for the unsaturable component) was between 0.11 and 0.36 hour-1. There was no gross deficit of the L-DOPA uptake process in patients with Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, dystonia, or other extrapyramidal diseases. PMID- 6221202 TI - [Characterization of the vectorcardiographic tracings in simple ventricular hypertrophy, using an electronic computer]. PMID- 6221203 TI - [Changes in the lumbo-pelvic rhythm in pregnancy and treatment by vertebral manipulations]. AB - The author, after a short introduction about the pathogenesis of pregnant lumbago and the following alteration of the lumbo-pelvic rhythm, test his patients considering the value of the lumbar's segment mobility in conformity with the Schoberth's test modified by Troisier. After, he explains his manipulations techniques and his results. PMID- 6221205 TI - Autogenetic excitation of extensor gamma-motoneurones by group II muscle afferents in the cat. AB - Triceps surae gamma-efferents have been isolated in intact ventral root filaments in order to study the autogenetic Group II effects evoked by stimulation of the nerve to the triceps surae in decerebrate cats. Half of the 22 cells tested were facilitated by repetitive stimulation of this nerve in the Group II range. Six cells showed a mixture response pattern with an initial facilitation followed by declining activity during the ongoing stimulation. Eight cells were not influenced within the Group II range. The results suggest that autogenetic Group II facilitation of gamma-motoneurones plays a functional role in the gain control of muscle spindle endings. PMID- 6221204 TI - Zimelidine and clomipramine: different influence on fenfluramine but not p chloroamphetamine-induced pharmacological effects. AB - The influence of zimelidine and clomipramine on two p-chloroamphetamine (PCA)- or fenfluramine-induced pharmacological effects, regarded as resulting from the serotoninergic stimulation, was studied. In the flexor reflex test in the spinal rat zimelidine prevented potentiation induced by PCA but not that induced by fenfluramine. Clomipramine antagonized both the PCA- and fenfluramine-induced effects. Zimelidine counteracted also the hyperthermia in rats induced by PCA at a high ambient temperature but not that induced by fenfluramine. These findings seem to indicate that: (1) zimelidine and clomipramine differ in their mechanism of presynaptic action on serotonin neurons; (2) fenfluramine and PCA are taken up to serotonin neurons via different mechanisms. PMID- 6221206 TI - Sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles from trembler mice: a comparison with material obtained from normal animals. AB - Sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) vesicles were purified from trembler and normal mice. Comparison of their chemical composition showed that the only differences lay in their phospholipid content, the most obvious modification being the presence of lysophosphatidylcholine in preparations obtained from trembler animals. A significant increase of the Ca2+-stimulated ATPase activity promoted a drastic loss in the efficiency of the calcium pumping system of the membrane purified from trembler mice. It is suggested that the modification of the phospholipid content might explain this effect. PMID- 6221207 TI - Motor unit--muscle spindle interactions in active muscles of decerebrate cats. AB - Single muscle spindle afferent and motor unit EMG spike trains have been recorded simultaneously during periods of spontaneous motor activity in triceps surae muscles of decerebrate cats. The approximate time course and magnitude of the motor unit contractions were extracted from the whole muscle force record by spike-triggered averaging, and the functional interactions between motor unit contractions and spindle discharge were assessed by cross-correlating their respective spike trains. We have found that both spindle group Ia and II afferents are responsive to the contractions of single motor units in the presence of spontaneous motor activity, being strongly coupled to the activity of some motor units and indifferent to the contractions of others. Moreover, the cross-correlation analysis revealed modulation of a single motor unit's discharge pattern by the input of a single Ia afferent. PMID- 6221208 TI - Segmentation of human spindle and EMG responses to sudden muscle stretch. AB - Grouping of the EMG response produced by quick stretches of contracting muscles has been thought to reflect 'long loop reflexes' through cerebral cortex adding to the segmental stretch reflex. Our recordings from human muscle spindle afferents responding to such stretches show that these discharges also tend to be grouped. EMG grouping may therefore be a consequence of successive segmental reflexes rather than of additional delays in long loop reflex arcs. PMID- 6221209 TI - Absence of long latency reflexes to imposed finger displacements in patients with Huntington's disease. AB - Long latency reflexes in the electromyogram (EMG) of the first dorsal interosseus muscle were elicited by short finger displacements under isometric conditions. In all healthy subjects tested the spinal response was followed by a second involuntary component. Patients with Huntington's disease lacked the late EMG response almost completely, but exhibited a spinal component indistinguishable from that of the control group. A spinal mechanism responsible for this result is unlikely, since double stretches evoked two distinct EMG responses in these patients. Moreover, drastically reduced cortical somatosensory evoked potentials in all patients support the notion that the second EMG response seen in our motor paradigm is of supraspinal origin. PMID- 6221210 TI - Second-look laparoscopy after acute salpingitis. AB - Patients with a laparoscopically verified first episode of acute salpingitis were offered a second-look laparoscopy to determine the effectiveness of the treatment regimen in terms of anatomic end result as well as to correlate the anatomic end result with future fertility. Until now, 13 women have been subjected to such relaparoscopy 16 to 33 weeks after the acute illness. At the acute stage of the disease, 11 of the women had serologic and/or cultural evidence of genital infection with Chlamydia trachomatis, three of whom also had Neisseria gonorrhoeae. All were culture-negative after treatment. In eight patients relaparoscopy showed that previously adherent adnexa were apparently normal, whereas in two patients a deterioration of the laparoscopic findings was found. Two patients had bilateral occluded tubes, for a preliminary infertility rate of 15%. These preliminary observations suggest that second-look laparoscopy after acute salpingitis might be a useful method for early objective evaluation of treatment results. PMID- 6221211 TI - Ectopic pregnancy after sterilization. PMID- 6221212 TI - [Experimental study of a composite: Miradapt J. & J]. PMID- 6221213 TI - [Organization of the public health service]. PMID- 6221214 TI - [Realization of the tasks of the public health service by the district health office]. PMID- 6221215 TI - [Organization of the public health service--realization of its tasks in an autonomous city]. PMID- 6221216 TI - [Realization of the tasks of the public health service by a district health office]. PMID- 6221217 TI - [Organization of the public health service--realization of its tasks within a district]. PMID- 6221218 TI - [Realization of the tasks of the public health service by a health office in autonomous city]. PMID- 6221219 TI - [Health education and public health service]. PMID- 6221220 TI - [Equipping and using auxiliary hospitals]. PMID- 6221221 TI - [Psychiatry--today and tomorrow]. PMID- 6221222 TI - [Help for drug- and alcohol-dependent patients]. PMID- 6221223 TI - [Trends in mortality in West Germany, 1952-1979. 2: Age-specific mortality due to malignant neoplasms]. PMID- 6221224 TI - [Experiences with the "pre-admission examination of children starting school"]. PMID- 6221225 TI - The value of sports and recreation for the physically disabled. PMID- 6221227 TI - [Hydroparasitological research in the Uzbekistan]. PMID- 6221228 TI - [Circulating immune complexes in children, particularly in those with damage to the small intestine mucosa]. PMID- 6221226 TI - [Development of the Ixodes ticks (Ixodidae) in the reclaimed parts of forest in the Novgorod region]. AB - Data of observations on the development of Ixodes persulcatus, I. ricinus and Dermocentor pictus in drained parts of small-leaved and coniferous forests with different types of soils are given. It has been established that microclimatic changes take place in sites of ticks development. The draining favours the improvement of ecological conditions of the development of ticks. In drained parts of the forest the survival of preimaginal phases is higher than that in undrained ones. PMID- 6221229 TI - [Circulating immune complexes in the blood of children with chronic hepatitis]. PMID- 6221230 TI - Reaction times of Down's syndrome and other mentally retarded individuals. PMID- 6221232 TI - Effect of short-term administration of N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-all-trans-retinamide on chemically induced mammary tumors. AB - Mammary cancer was induced in 50-day-old Sprague-Dawley rats with either 25 mg/kg body weight of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU) or 10 mg/rat of dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA). The retinoid N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-all-trans retinamide (RAHA) was begun in the diet (2.0 mmol/kg diet) of MNU-induced rats at 21, 48, or 52 days of age, and at 21 or 60 days of age for DMBA-induced rats. RAHA was terminated 12-17 weeks postinduction, and the animals were sacrificed at 28 weeks postinduction. Significant inhibition of tumor incidence or multiplicity was found in only one group (rats fed RAHA beginning at 48 days of age). This was not considered sufficient evidence to conclude that short-term administration of RAHA altered mammary tumor development. PMID- 6221233 TI - Nursing Mirror mental health forum. 3. Residential care - hope with realism. PMID- 6221231 TI - Myosin transformation in hypertrophied rat muscle. AB - Chronic hypertrophy (X = 88%) of the fast-twitch rat plantaris muscle was induced by surgical ablation of the synergistic gastrocnemius. Alterations in the catalytic activity and the light chain composition of myosin extracted from the hypertrophied plantaris muscle were examined. The hypertrophied muscle exhibited a decreased Ca2+-activated myosin ATPase activity and an increase in the content of LCS1 and LCS2 light chains when compared to its contralateral control. These changes, which occur in the absence of a direct manipulation of the muscle's innervation, suggest that the histochemically observed increase in the percent of alkaline labile fibres found in hypertrophied muscle are the result of the expression of a different myosin phenotype. PMID- 6221234 TI - Hospital care in pedodontics: a survey of current practices. PMID- 6221235 TI - Pioneers in pedodontics. Kenneth Alexander Easlick, 1893-1979. PMID- 6221236 TI - Antimicrobial activity, pharmacokinetics, adverse reactions, and therapeutic indications of cefoperazone. AB - Cefoperazone is a parenteral cephalosporin antibiotic that is pending approval by the U. S. Food and Drug Administration. Compared to most other cephalosporins cefoperazone has a greatly expanded spectrum of bactericidal activity that encompasses most aerobic gram-positive bacteria except enterococci, most aerobic gram-negative bacteria, including a majority of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains, and a number of pathogenic anaerobic bacteria. Its long serum half-life, approximately two hours, permits a twelve hourly dosing schedule. No dosage modification is required in patients with renal insufficiency, and only minor modification is needed in patients with hepatic insufficiency or biliary obstruction. Clinical trials have established cefoperazone's efficacy in lower respiratory tract infections, urinary tract infections, and a variety of other bacterial infections. Adverse reactions have been infrequent, and few serious reactions have been identified. Cefoperazone is a promising new agent for the treatment of gram-negative bacillary and polymicrobial infections, especially in settings that require empiric therapy. PMID- 6221237 TI - A comparative evaluation of moxalactam: antimicrobial activity, pharmacokinetics, adverse reactions, and clinical efficacy. AB - Although moxalactam is not, technically speaking, a cephalosporin it is chemically and microbiologically so closely related to those compounds that it can be viewed as a member of the cephalosporin family. Moxalactam has a spectrum of activity that includes both gram positive and gram negative bacteria. Its gram positive activity is less than earlier cephalosporins, but its activity against the Enterobacteriaceae is similar to that of the aminoglycoside family of antibiotics in most comparative studies. Although moxalactam is considerably less active against gram positive bacteria than cefotaxime, another third generation cephalosporin, its higher and more prolonged serum levels probably offset this disadvantage. Compared to cefoperazone, the stability of moxalactam to many types of beta lactamases produced by gram negative bacteria may be advantageous in the therapy of infections caused by hospital-acquired pathogens. Clinical studies suggest that moxalactam can be used for empiric therapy of suspected gram negative infections when Pseudomonas and other non-fermentative bacteria, such as Acinetobacter, are not suspected. Impressive improvements in the survival of patients with gram negative enteric bacillary meningitis have been reported. Although moxalactam, cefotaxime, and cefoperazone have activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, none of these antibiotics should be used alone as therapy for suspected or proven severe systemic infections caused by this pathogen. Cost is a major problem with all of the new cephalosporin-like antibiotics. While this high cost may be partially balanced by the use of a single agent compared to an antibiotic combination for therapy in some situations, these antibiotics are not cost effective for prophylactic use. Superinfection with fungi, such as Candida, and Streptococcus faecalis have occurred, and toxicities, such as bleeding due to vitamin K deficiency and disulfuram-like reactions, have also been reported. Reports of resistance to moxalactam and the other third generation cephalosporins are of major concern and indicate the need to closely monitor antibiotic susceptibility patterns of hospital acquired organisms if these antibiotics are to be used for empiric therapy of suspected gram negative non-pseudomonas sepsis. PMID- 6221238 TI - [In vitro biosynthesis of antibodies. II. Disorders of antibody biosynthesis and associated clinical syndromes]. PMID- 6221239 TI - Principles of clinical immunology. PMID- 6221240 TI - Amylo-1,6-glucosidase activity in cultured cells: a deficiency in type III glycogenosis with prenatal studies. AB - Deficiency of amylo-1,6-glucosidase activity was expressed in parallel in liver and skin fibroblasts from a patient with type III glycogenosis. In crude extracts of control liver and muscle, amylo-1,6-glucosidase (M.W. 164000) was identified by immunoprecipitation; no cross-reacting material was found in the patient's liver. Assay of amylo-1,6-glucosidase activity in cultured skin fibroblasts from the affected family revealed less than 10 per cent of control value in mutant homozygous cells whereas in cells from the parents, activity was reduced to 40-60 per cent of the control value. Activity in cultured amniotic fluid cells was similar to that of control fibroblasts. In cultured amniotic fluid cells obtained during the mother's subsequent pregnancy, the normal amylo-1,6-glucosidase activity measured, predicted correctly the outcome of this pregnancy prior to the 20th week of gestation. PMID- 6221241 TI - Dwarfism associated with prenatal ventriculomegaly. PMID- 6221242 TI - Moxalactam versus gentamicin-clindamycin in surgical sepsis. Efficacy and safety. PMID- 6221243 TI - [Clinical experience with moxalactam in the treatment of mixed aerobic-anaerobic surgical infections]. PMID- 6221244 TI - [Pharmacokinetics, in vitro activity and clinical experience with lamoxactam]. PMID- 6221245 TI - [Determination of HLA-B27 antigen. Indications and limitations]. PMID- 6221246 TI - [Role of preventive surgery in patients with multiple arterial disease. 700 patients successively treated by revascularization operations]. AB - In a series of 700 patients who underwent successive recanalizations, 1.8% of patients who had coronary bypass and 8.1% of those operated upon for arteritis presented with associated lesions of the carotid arteries; 10% of patients with arteritis and 25.7% of patients with carotid artery lesions had a history of coronary artery disease. Although associated arterial lesions were relatively frequent, no coronary bypass was carried out preventively. Seven patients had preventive endarteriectomy of the carotid artery (6 before surgery for arteritis and 1 concomitantly with coronary bypass) without complications ascribable to angiography or surgery. Post-operative or medium-term complications of coronary artery and carotid artery lesions were exceptional. Except for one questionable case, the patients' general condition was so poor that they could not have benefited from preventive surgery. No post-operative complications due to associated lesions of the renal or gastrointestinal arteries occurred in this series. Only one patient had bilateral recanalization of the renal arteries during surgical treatment of the aortic bifurcation. In view of these findings, systematic exploration by invasive methods of asymptomatic or clinically stable associated arterial lesions seems to be unnecessary. This view is shared by most authors. The best way of preventing complications from associated arterial lesions resides in the quality and improvement of modern intensive care techniques. PMID- 6221248 TI - [Influence of lithium on cognitive functions]. AB - A free word-association quantitative test gave significantly different results in 48 manic-depressive patients and 29 normal controls. The difference was unrelated to subgroup diagnosis or to the patients' mood at the time of testing, but was related to the frequency of cycles. In patients treated with lithium, a positive correlation was found between measurements and serum lithium levels. PMID- 6221247 TI - [Long-term effects of plasma exchange in myasthenia. Results of a randomized study]. AB - A randomized study was carried out in 14 myasthenia patients to compare the long term effects of two therapeutic regimens. Group I patients received prednisone 1 mg/kg/24 h for one month, then in decreasing dosage; in case of failure at the end of the first month, cyclophosphamide 2 mg/kg/24 h was added to the prednisone treatment. Group II patients received the same treatment associated with 3 plasma exchanges over a 10-day period; these were continued, if required, at the rate of once a week. The minimum follow up was one year. The results (greater improvement in muscular strength and vital capacity) were better after one month in group I and thereafter similar in both groups. However, the mean daily dose of prednisone was higher in Group I. The number of exacerbations of myasthenia was greater in group II (11 versus 2 in group I over a 24-months period). The mean fall in anti R Ach ab was about the same in both groups. This study confirms the rapid effectiveness of plasma exchanges and their value in severe myasthenia. The higher incidence of exacerbations in Group II was probably due to a rebound phenomenon and points to the need for combined immuno-suppressive treatment. PMID- 6221249 TI - [Cost of the surgical treatment of gallbladder lithiasis. Example of an attempted rationalization of medical care and expenditure]. AB - A medical audit was conducted in a Paris hospital on patients who, in 1975, underwent cholecystectomy for uncomplicated gallstones. The audit comprised the duration of pre- and post-operative hospitalisation, the Social Security grading of medical acts, biochemical and radiological examinations and the quality of medical care, as assessed by morbidity and mortality rates. The results were brought to the knowledge of all members of the surgical team concerned. Similar studies conducted two and five years later showed that self-restriction on the part of the physicians resulted in improved costs through shorter stays in hospital (especially before surgery) and less extensive and numerous examinations, the incidence of complications remaining the same. PMID- 6221250 TI - [Hypersensitivity pneumopathies]. AB - The diagnosis of hypersensitivity lung diseases in an agricultural, urban or occupational environment is established in two stages: (a) the environmental allergens likely to affect the alveoli and interstitial tissue are identified, and (b) the disease is diagnosed by clinical and radiological examinations but also by methods exploring respiratory function and immune mechanisms. Respiratory function tests show alveolar lesions, and the frequent involvement of the small bronchi is demonstrated by studies of respiratory mechanics. An important component of routine diagnosis is the presence in the serum of precipitating antibodies directed against the causative allergen and above all, bronchoalveolar lavages, which explore the deep lung, reveal distinctive cytological features (infiltration by T-lymphocytes) and lipidic features (fall in lecithins and increase in phosphatidyl-inositol and phosphatidyl-ethanolamine). High microviscosity of the alveolar fluid can be demonstrated by fluorescence polarization methods. A more rational treatment and, most important, measures aimed at preventing the development of a disabling and irreversible pulmonary fibrosis can be based on these findings. PMID- 6221251 TI - [Uveomeningitis and optic neuritis disclosing sarcoidosis]. PMID- 6221252 TI - [Effect of age on the serum concentration of retinol binding protein, thyroxine binding prealbumin and transferrin]. PMID- 6221253 TI - [Diffuse persistent lymphadenopathies with opportunistic infections in a homosexual patient]. PMID- 6221254 TI - [Conservative treatment of malignant bone tumors by vascularized bone grafts]. PMID- 6221255 TI - [Condensing myeloma with polyradiculoneuritis, hyperpigmentation and hypertrichosis]. PMID- 6221256 TI - [Pyloric stenosis disclosing gastric tuberculosis]. PMID- 6221257 TI - [Extrapyramidal syndrome. Possible role of metopimazine]. PMID- 6221258 TI - [Circulating anticoagulant in Q fever]. PMID- 6221259 TI - [Cutaneous sarcoidosis. Treatment with thalidomide]. PMID- 6221260 TI - [Antidiuretic hormone levels (arginine-vasopressin) in cases of peripheral hypothyroidism. 26 cases]. AB - Plasma arginine-vasopressin (AVP) levels were measured by radioimmunoassay in 26 untreated myxoedematous patients and 27 healthy subjects. In 22 patients, in spite low osmolality AVP values were not significantly different from those found in controls, but they were considerably increased in 4 patients with severe myxoedema and very low osmolality. Statistical analysis showed negative correlation between AVP values and osmolality in the patients. On the other hand, no correlation was found between AVP values and aldosterone or plasma renin activity values. These results suggest inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone in myxoedema. PMID- 6221262 TI - [Cerebral complications of congenital cardiopathies]. AB - In children with congenital heart disease, cerebral vascular accidents may have a variety of causes. Beside subacute endocarditis, complications of heart surgery, emboli and hypertensive accidents in some rare non-cyanotic cardiopathies, emphasis must be laid on the complications of chronic anoxia in cyanotic cardiopathies, anoxic spells, ischaemic cerebral accidents and abscesses of the brain. The latter have become rare and should mostly be feared in older children with inoperable cyanotic cardiopathy. Cerebral vascular accidents proper are a greater cause for concern, since they are not uncommon--especially in young children with Fallot's tetralogy or complete transposition of the great vessels awaiting surgery--, have serious sequelae and occur without warning. Their mechanism, and therefore their prevention, differs according to age. They are particularly dangerous in infants and in children below the age of 4. The only effective prevention is early and complete surgical correction of the cardiopathy. PMID- 6221261 TI - [Hyperimmunoglobulinemia E syndrome with recurrent infections (Buckley's syndrome) associated with membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis. A case in an adult]. AB - A 35-year old male patient who, since the age of 17, had membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis presented with recurrent atopic eczema and sinusitis. Outbursts of eczema, sinusitis and proteinuria occurred simultaneously. Signs of immune deficiency, with permanently extreme IgE levels (greater then 10.000 I.U/ml), defective neutrophil chemotaxis and monocyte phagocytotic function (Buckley's syndrome) were present. The role of these abnormalities in the pathogenesis of glomerulonephritis (chronic antigen production associated with focal infection and resulting in the formation of immune complexes, defective elimination of these circulating immune complexes) is discussed. PMID- 6221263 TI - [Peroperative estimation of the imperviousness of choledochoduodenal anastomoses]. AB - Fistulae occurring after choledochoduodenostomy always have severe consequences. The following procedure aimed at checking for leakage is suggested by the authors. After completion of the posterior stage of the operation, a naso-gastric tube is introduced into the common bile duct, exposing the anterior suture; once the anastomosis has been performed, a fluid is injected into the tube by the anaesthetist, thus revealing any leakage. Once the incisions are covered, the naso-gastric tube is simply withdrawn on a few centimetres. PMID- 6221264 TI - [Direct collection of fetal blood from the umbilical vein under echography. First results, prospects]. PMID- 6221265 TI - [Cerebral toxoplasmosis in 2 adults without known immunodeficiency]. PMID- 6221266 TI - [Hypophosphoremia in the course of malignant lymphoma]. PMID- 6221267 TI - [Pregnancy in diabetics. Efficacy and tolerability of the portable insulin pump]. PMID- 6221268 TI - [The variability of blood pressure]. PMID- 6221269 TI - [Epidemiology of multiple sclerosis in Brittany]. AB - In the period 1976-1978 a study of the prevalence of multiple sclerosis in Brittany was conducted using data collected from hospital neurology units, Social Security offices and institutions for chronic patients. After elimination of double entries, analysis of these data showed a prevalence of 25 for 100 000 people. This was less than expected from estimates for northern France and from the known prevalences in the southern part of the British isles. When broken down according to the patients' place of residence, the figures were found to vary from one district to another, with four main foci: two near the coast, one inland and one in the town of Fougeres. Disease-free areas were present near these foci. PMID- 6221270 TI - [Immunity during aging]. PMID- 6221271 TI - [Anemia in renal insufficiency. I--Mechanisms of anemia in patients treated with periodic hemodialysis]. AB - Fifty-two patients with anaemia due to chronic renal insufficiency treated by haemodialysis were divided into three severity groups. Except for bi nephrectomized patients, none of the usual criteria such as age, sex, cause of the renal disease and duration of dialysis correlated with clinical severity. Kinetic studies showed that the severity of anaemia was unrelated to the degree of haemolysis, haemoglobin function or haemodilution. Stem cells were increased in all cases, irrespective of clinical severity. However, the degree of anaemia closely correlated with the degree of erythropoietic deficiency, as measured by radio-iron kinetics. A qualitative defect (slow release of labelled cells from the bone marrow) was associated with severe quantitative erythroid defect. These data indicate that kinetic studies of erythropoiesis constitute objective methods for measuring clinical severity. They favour the theory which makes a hypothetical inhibitor of differentiation and/or proliferation of erythropoietic precursors the main cause of anaemia. PMID- 6221272 TI - [Monotherapy with clobazam in epilepsies in children]. AB - Twenty-five epileptic children were treated with clobazam alone for periods of 10 days to 36 months (mean = 9 months and 16 months for children who responded well). Satisfactory results were obtained in 11 patients and marked improvement with a 75% decrease in the initial frequency of seizures in 6 patients. The seizures recurred after a few weeks in 3 other patients. This preliminary study shows that clobazam is well tolerated and remarkably effective, especially in benign partial epilepsy, even in carbamazepine-resistant cases. PMID- 6221273 TI - [Direct pulmonary embolectomy without extracorporeal circulation. 5 cases]. AB - Five patients underwent pulmonary embolectomy without cardiopulmonary bypass. All had recent embolism completely obstructing the right branch of the artery but usually leaving the left branch open or almost totally free. In all patients fibrinolytic drugs were formally contra-indicated. Thoracotomy was performed through the right lateral approach. The embolus was completely removed; there were no post-operative complications and the results on follow-up are excellent. PMID- 6221274 TI - [Valvular prosthesis. Echocardiographic monitoring of left ventricular function]. PMID- 6221275 TI - [Chronic infiltrating eosinophilic pneumonia]. PMID- 6221276 TI - [Fibroscopy assistance for small intestinal biopsy in pediatrics]. PMID- 6221277 TI - [Fibrinogen Orleans. A new case of congenital dysfibrinogenemia]. PMID- 6221278 TI - [Bibidobacterium cystitis]. PMID- 6221279 TI - [How to define and interpret elevated serum IgE?]. PMID- 6221280 TI - [Human grafts. An overview of the Caillavet Legislation of 22 December 1976]. PMID- 6221281 TI - [Anuria caused by perianeurysmal retroperitoneal fibrosis. Medical treatment. A case report]. AB - After 3 sessions of haemodialysis, renal function returned to normal, but the bilateral ureteral obstruction recurred 11 months later with signs of compression of the inferior vena cava. Corticosteroid therapy in doses of 0.5 mg/kg/day resulted in disappearance of the pyeloureteral dilatation at intravenous urography and regression of the fibrosis on CT sections. From a review of the literature the authors describe the clinical symptoms, diagnostic methods and main treatments of perianeurysmal retroperitoneal fibrosis, a not uncommon disease. PMID- 6221282 TI - [Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in 4 homosexuals]. AB - Two young homosexual men apparently without any obvious cause of immunosuppression suddenly developed a series of opportunistic infections. Two others presented with prolonged fever and multiple lymph node enlargement of obscure origin. Immunological investigations in these 4 patients showed skin anergy and inversion of helper/suppressor lymphocyte ratio. Proliferative responses to mitogenic agents, soluble antigens and allogenic cells were altered only in the 2 patients with opportunistic infections. Humoral immunity seemed to be preserved in all cases. These 4 patients had previously suffered from many sexually-transmitted infections, had spent some time in the United States and had signs of past or present cytomegalovirus infection. As in the U.S.A., where this "acquired immunodeficiency syndrome" suddenly developed during the past 2 years, one may suspect, among several hypotheses, that it is caused by a transmissible agent now present in France. PMID- 6221283 TI - [Plasma fibronectin. Role in severe infections and intensive care]. AB - Plasma fibronectin (pFN) levels were measured in 52 patients throughout their stay in an intensive care unit. At the same time a close watch was kept for signs of sepsis. Low pFN levels regularly accompanied--but did not precede--infectious episodes and were also found in patients without septic complications. These findings indicate that a fall in pFN does not constitute a factor of increased susceptibility to infection. PMID- 6221284 TI - [Anemia of chronic renal insufficiency. II. Effect of androgen therapy in 17 subjects treated with periodic hemodialysis]. AB - Seventeen patients with severe anaemia due to renal insufficiency treated by periodical haemodialysis received high parenteral doses (7 mg/kg/week) of androgens for a period of 10 months. Kinetic studies of erythroid stemcells (plasma clot method), erythropoiesis (radio-iron kinetics, bone marrow scintigraphy) and haemolysis (autologous and homologous red cell life span) were performed before and after treatment. Complete failure was observed in 6 patients, slight improvement in 4 and distinctly satisfactory results in 7. In three cases relapse was noted after treatment was discontinued. Clinical effectiveness was due to correction of the erythropoietic defect, without changes in the degree of haemolysis. Virilization was the only side-effect recorded. All subjects whose anaemia improved, even to a slight degree, felt much better. The following parameters were found to be predictive of androgen effectiveness: absence of bilateral nephrectomy, young age, and relatively slight erythropoietic deficiency. The clinical results were unrelated to the initial number of erythroid stem cells and to their increase under androgen therapy. PMID- 6221285 TI - [Massive digestive hemorrhage in typhoid fever. A case report]. AB - In a case of massive intestinal haemorrhage during typhoid fever the bleeding area was located by angiography to the superior mesenteric artery, and excision of the ileo-colonic junction was performed. Pathological study of the lesions showed necrosis of Peyer's plaques resulting in section of small submucosal arterioles. The necrosis itself was caused by initially endothelial lesions, later completed by thrombosis. The complication is exceptional. This case is reported in order to draw attention to the usefulness of mesenteric arteriography and the effectiveness of surgery in massive intestinal haemorrhages. PMID- 6221286 TI - [Plurality of calcitonin-producing thyroid cancers]. AB - Abnormal levels of calcitonin and carcinoembryonic antigen in plasma, and detectable amounts of these markers in tumours are not restricted to typical forms of medullary cancer of the thyroid but are also characteristic of some other tumours of the gland. The diagnosis of these tumours, therefore, should not rely entirely on histological findings but should include a search for specific biochemical markers in plasma and tissues. PMID- 6221287 TI - [The HLA system in Alzheimer-like dementias]. PMID- 6221288 TI - [Malignant arterial hypertension induced by the ingestion of "alcohol-free aniseed drink"]. PMID- 6221289 TI - [Chronic atrophying polychondritis with destructive arthropathy]. PMID- 6221290 TI - [Generalized scleroderma with hepatic and lymph node granulomatosis]. PMID- 6221291 TI - [Probable relation between HLA-DR7 and peripheral psoriatic rheumatism]. PMID- 6221292 TI - [Cold urticaria as a manifestation of infectious mononucleosis]. PMID- 6221293 TI - [Lithium and acute myelomonocytic leukemia]. PMID- 6221294 TI - [Treatment of acute leukemias... Correction]. PMID- 6221295 TI - [Anesthesia for coronary patients in general surgery]. PMID- 6221297 TI - [Traumatic rupture of the diaphragm. 67 cases]. AB - As a result of improvements in accident prevention, traumatic rupture of the diaphragm is less commonly observed. Young adults are anatomically more exposed to the injury. Beside the classical factors, falls from great heights and direct traumas must be borne in mind as possible causes. Tears in the diaphragm are only dangerous when accompanied by visceral lesions involving the oesophagus, the large vessels, the heart, etc. Only respiratory symptoms are suggestive of a notoriously difficult diagnosis. Ultrasonography appears to be of value. The prognosis depends on associated lesions, which are frequent. The surgical treatment is usually simple, the only problem being the approach. If no complication occurs, sequelae are minimal. PMID- 6221296 TI - [Multiple myeloma with high tumoral mass. Treatment combining melphalan, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, CCNU and prednisone. 35 cases]. AB - The results of a combination chemotherapy trial (melphalan, CCNU, vincristine, cyclophosphamide) involving 28 patients with stage III (n = 21) or stage II (n = 7) multiple myeloma suggest a high response rate, with a mean 71% malignant cell destruction in 78.5% of the patients. A longer survival in responsive stage III patients as compared with patients treated with alkylating agents seems likely, but this can only be established by a randomized trial. Despite haematological side-effects, this combination therapy may be used in high risk patients, especially those resistant to a single alkylating agent and in whom the frequency, intensity and duration of responses appears to be the same as in previously untreated patients. In contrast, only one of the 7 patients treated for relapse after previous response to a single alkylating agent responded to the combination chemotherapy. PMID- 6221298 TI - [Bone metastases in cancer of the breast. Diagnostic and predictive value of quantified bone scintigraphy]. AB - Distant metastases from carcinoma of the breast are most commonly located in the skeleton. Although it has been clearly shown that bone radionuclide scanning is more sensitive than X-rays in detecting such metastases, diverging opinions have recently been voiced concerning its sensitivity and specificity. The authors have quantitatively analyzed 1631 focal alterations, taking the uptake index value as yardstick. They found that quantitative scanning increases the sensitivity of the method and makes it possible to differentiate between malignant and benign bone lesions. PMID- 6221299 TI - [Hyperthermia during parenteral nutrition]. AB - In a woman with caustic burn of the oesophagus total parenteral nutrition (3000 calories, 16 g nitrogen daily) resulted in a rise in body temperature from 37 to 39 degrees C. Temperature returned to normal when nutrition was discontinued to rise again when it was resumed. No infection or other cause of fever was detected. This case suggests that high calorie and nitrogen parenteral nutrition may induce hyperthermia, the possible mechanisms of which are discussed. PMID- 6221300 TI - [Physiology and main implications of magnesium in osteo-articular pathology]. AB - The role of magnesium in the constitution, metabolism and hormonal control of bone tissue can be deducted from what is known of its physiology. Magnesium deficiency may result in vitamin-D resistant hypocalcaemia or even biochemical signs of hypoparathyroidism, which only regress after the deficiency is corrected. Measurements of magnesium levels in blood and urine are justified when such abnormalities occur in patients with digestive disorders, predominantly alcoholism, liver diseases or malabsorption. In all other circumstances, magnesium therapy is very rarely indicated for osteo-articular diseases. PMID- 6221301 TI - [Locating parathyroid glands by methylene blue during thyroid surgery]. AB - Identification of parathyroid tissue during surgery of the thyroid gland usually reduces the risk of post-operative hypoparathyroidism. The reliability of methylene blue by intravenous infusion as a means of recognizing the parathyroid glands was tested in 59 consecutive patients (including 23 with carcinoma) undergoing thyroid gland surgery. Precise localization of the glands was possible in 87%. The side-effects being mild, the authors suggest that this method should be used systematically in all cases of bilateral thyroid surgery, in cancers of the thyroid glands and in reoperations. PMID- 6221302 TI - [Hypophyseal hyperplasia in primary hypothyroidism. Scanographic study of 4 cases]. PMID- 6221303 TI - [Excretion of HBs and HBe antigens by normal human adult hepatocytes infected in vitro by hepatitis B virus]. PMID- 6221304 TI - [Use of xenon in tomodensitometric studies of the brain in daily practice]. PMID- 6221305 TI - [Ultrasonic evaluation of the cicatrix of cesarian section during pregnancy]. PMID- 6221306 TI - [Renal injury. Intravenous urography and tomodensitometry]. PMID- 6221307 TI - [Apolipoproteins and screening for coronary atherosclerosis]. PMID- 6221308 TI - [Pneumopathy caused by amiodarone]. PMID- 6221309 TI - [Catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia in children. Differential diagnosis of epilepsy]. PMID- 6221310 TI - [Acute respiratory distress complicating Legionnaires' disease]. PMID- 6221311 TI - [Polyradiculoneuritis disclosing acute non-A, non-B hepatitis]. PMID- 6221312 TI - [Diagnosis or electronic monitoring? A little-known technical problem]. PMID- 6221313 TI - [Treatment of Horton's disease and rhizomelic pseudopolyarthritis with dapsone. Preliminary results]. PMID- 6221314 TI - [Exogenous hypermineralocorticism, responsible for severe hypokalemia. Complications of the consumption of an alcohol-free anise aperitif]. PMID- 6221315 TI - [Venous thromboembolic complications in idiopathic hyperlipidemia]. PMID- 6221316 TI - [Hepatitis and autoimmune thrombopenia during treatment with clometacin]. PMID- 6221317 TI - [Renal amylosis secondary to acne conglobata of the buttocks. Rapid development to renal insufficiency after surgical excision of the suppurative foci]. PMID- 6221318 TI - [Treatment of hirsutism with cyproterone acetate and percutaneous estradiol]. AB - One-hundred and fifty hirsute women (68 with type I or II polycystic ovary syndrome and 82 with idiopathic hirsutism) were treated for periods of 6 to 48 months with oral cyproterone (CPA), a drug with peripheral antiandrogenic, antigonadotrophic and progestative properties, and 17 beta-estradiol given percutaneously to ensure estrogenic impregnation. CPA was administered in daily doses of 50 mg from day 5 to day 25 of the menstrual cycle, and E 2 (3 mg/day) from day 16 to day 25. The dramatic regression of hirsutism observed after 3 to 6 months of treatment was paralleled by a marked decrease of plasma testosterone and delta 4-androstenedione levels and a decrease of the androgen-dependent skin testosterone 5 alpha-reductase. The CPA-percutaneous E 2 combination also has contraceptive properties. Beside its remarkable therapeutic effectiveness, it has the advantages of avoiding the adverse reactions reported with higher doses of CPA and the metabolic and vascular effects of synthetic estrogen administered orally. PMID- 6221319 TI - [Relation between bacterial sensitivity to antibiotics and the consumption of antibiotics. 2 : Study carried out on Staphylococcus aureus at the Pitie Salpetriere Hospital from 1975 to 1980]. AB - From 1975 to 1980, computerized data on the sensitivity of 11 342 strains of S. aureus to the main antibiotics were evaluated in relation to drug consumption and hospital activity. Sensitivity to tetracyclines and chloramphenicol increased by 7.3% and 11.4% respectively, but sensitivity to gentamicin decreased by 12%. There was no change in sensitivity to other antibiotics. In vitro response to methicillin was found to have a considerable influence on changes in sensitivity. Sensitivity to tetracyclines increased among methicillin-sensitive strains, while methicillin-resistant strains became more sensitive to chloramphenicol and less sensitive to gentamicin. During the same period, the consumption of chloramphenicol, tetracyclines and aminoglycosides decreased by 84%, 54% and 15% respectively. Hospital activity remained unchanged. The fact that methicillin resistant strains failed to become more sensitive to the main antibiotics, with the exception of chloramphenicol, might be due to antibiotic pressure in intensive care units where these strains are usually isolated. PMID- 6221320 TI - [Autoimmune thyroid diseases associated with glomerular nephropathy. 3 cases]. AB - The first patient had Hashimoto's thyroiditis and developed membranous glomerulonephritis with subepithelial deposits of IgG, C3, and thyroglobulin; the second patient had Graves' disease and developed, after the second administration of 131 I 2, rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis with epithelial crescents; in the remaining patient, Hashimoto's thyroiditis was diagnosed at the time of renal insufficiency due to crescentic glomerulonephritis. All three patients had circulating antithyroglobulin antibodies, with high titers in patients I and III; in every patient, the search for circulating immune complexes was negative at the time of the renal biopsy. Apart from the classical membranous type, other glomerular lesions may be associated with thyroiditis. The frequent clinical latency of Hashimoto's disease warrants systematically testing for circulating antithyroglobulin antibodies in women presenting with apparently idiopathic glomerulonephritis. PMID- 6221321 TI - [Etiological diagnosis of hepatic masses by percutaneous puncture guided by ultrasonics. Study carried out in patients without known neoplasms]. AB - Ultrasonically guided liver puncture was carried out in 26 patients without overt carcinoma, who presented with a small intrahepatic mass giving an ultrasonographic image of primary or secondary tumour. Puncture was performed with a lumbar or a Chiba needle under local anaesthesia, and a real-time ultrasound apparatus with guide was used. The specimens collected were fixed on slides for histological examination. An aetiological diagnosis was made in 73% of the cases (16 carcinomas and 3 liver abscesses). No abnormal cells were detected and further investigations were conducted in 15%. The failure rate was 12% (2 punctures without specimens and 1 false-negative result). No infectious or haemorrhagic complication was observed. PMID- 6221322 TI - [Pure defibrination after timber rattlesnake bite]. AB - The only disorder of coagulation observed after a timber rattlesnake (Crotalus horridus) bite was a total absence of fibrinogen which lasted 64 hours despite hourly administration of cryoprecipitates. The pure defibrination experimentally obtained with this particular species of crotalid snakes underlines the specificity of the coagulation disorder and the impossibility of identifying the coagulopathy induced by venom poisoning without laboratory examination. PMID- 6221323 TI - [Molecular abnormalities in recurrent thromboembolic disease]. AB - The diagnosis and treatment of apparently idiopathic recurrent thromboembolic disease (RTED) still raise difficult problems. However, recent data suggest that abnormalities of coagulation and fibrinolysis factors are important. Hereditary antithrombin III (AT III) deficiency or abnormal AT III, and hereditary protein C deficiency with autosomal dominant transmission have been associated with severe familiar RTED. More recently, we described a dysfibrinogenemia characterized by abnormal fibrin polymerization and abnormal plasminogen binding to the fibrin clot, responsible for familial RTED. Disorders of fibrinolytic activity in RTED are represented, in 70% of the cases, by reduced release or lack of production by endothelial cells of a vascular plasminogen activator. Hereditary plasminogen deficiency or abnormal plasminogen, although rare, are regularly responsible for RTED. PMID- 6221324 TI - [Protection of the pancreaticojejunal anastomosis after cephalic duodenopancreatectomy for tumor]. AB - The main risk in cephalic duodeno-pancreatectomy for cancer is disruption of the anastomosis between the jejunum and the fragile pancreatic isthmus, as it may result in pancreato-biliary fistula with highly damaging local and regional repercussions. This risk can be reduced by inserting a 60 cm jejunal loop between the pancreatic and biliary anastomoses. The loop prevents biliary reflux and turns any possible disruption into a pure pancreatic fistula, better tolerated. The authors have used this techniques in 20 consecutive patients. The mortality rate was nil. In each of the four-fistulae that occurred, discharge of pancreatic juice ceased within 3 weeks. PMID- 6221325 TI - [Therapeutic future of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in toxoplasmosis]. PMID- 6221326 TI - [Coronary insufficiency in hypercholesterolemic xanthomatosis. Angiographic aspects]. AB - Coronary arteriography for severe coronary artery disease was carried out in 21 patients with hypercholesterolaemic xanthomatosis (group I) and in 42 patients with serum lipids (group II). Both groups were matched with regard to age, sex and cardiovascular risk factors (hypertension, smoking habits, diabetes). The films were examined by an observer unaware of the patients' clinical features; the severity of the lesions observed was assessed by means of a coronary score system. Group I patients had significantly more severe coronary artery lesions and a significantly higher incidence (52% versus 7%; p less than 0.001) of left main coronary artery stenosis carrying a high risk of sudden death. The percentages of affected vessels amenable to surgery and abnormalities in left ventricular function were similar in both groups. It therefore seems reasonable to envisage early coronary angiography followed, if necessary, by aorto-coronary bypass in patients with hypercholesterolaemic xanthomatosis who experience anginal attacks, show ECG abnormalities on exercise and have persistent pain after myocardial infarction. PMID- 6221328 TI - [Problems posed by pregnancy in women with lupus nephropathy]. AB - The influence of lupus nephropathy on pregnancy and reciprocally was retrospectively studied in a series of 131 pregnancies observed from 1962 to 1981 in 45 systemic lupus erythematosis (SLE) women with renal involvement. Renal biopsy showed proliferative lupus glomerulonephritis in 27. The incidence of live births, corrected for induced abortions, was 87% in 89 pregnancies started before, and 89% in 32 started after the clinical onset of SLE; it was only 63% in 10 cases where lupus nephritis developed during gestation. Relapse or exacerbation of disease activity occurred in 15 (47%) of 32 pregnancies antedated by the onset of SLE, with irreversible renal failure in two cases. Clinical exacerbation of SLE was observed in 13 (76%) of 17 cases where SLE was clinically active at the time of conception, and in only 2 of 15 cases where lupus nephritis was in stable clinical remission for at least 5 months prior to conception. Our data suggest that a successful outcome of pregnancy, without SLE exacerbation, may be expected, even in the more severe forms of lupus nephritis, when gestation begins after a sustained, complete clinical remission. PMID- 6221327 TI - [Acute rhabdomyolysis in alcoholic patients]. AB - Six episodes of acute rhabdomyolysis were observed within a two-year period in 5 male adult alcoholic patients hospitalised in a hepatology intensive care unit. Painful muscle swelling was discrete of absent in 4 of the 5 patients. Acute rhabdomyolysis was preceded by grand mal seizures in 4 patients, delirium tremens in 1 and high fever with shivers in 3. All cases were rapidly diagnosed on the finding of very high serum creatinine phosphokinase levels. One patient developed acute respiratory failure and recovered after prolonged mechanical ventilation. Three patients had acute renal failure with severe hyperkalemia in one but none required dialysis. Three patients died within 2 to 6 days of the diagnosis, but the deaths were not directly related to rhabdomyolysis. It would appear that in alcoholic patients: the prevalence of rhabdomyolysis is probably underestimated; any muscular hyperactivity as seen in seizures, delirium tremens and prolonged shivers may be a precipitating factor; the condition is easily diagnosed by measuring serum creatinine kinase activity; some cases of acute renal failure in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis might be explained by acute rhabdomyolysis with minimal symptoms. PMID- 6221329 TI - [Transcutaneous wirsungography under echoscopic control]. AB - Two cases of contrast radiography of Wirsung's canal performed by direct percutaneous puncture of the canal under ultrasonic control are reported. The exploration was well tolerated by the patients. This method appears to be of considerable interest in liver and pancreas diseases, being reliable and providing valuable information. PMID- 6221330 TI - [Relations between acid-base equilibrium and body temperature. Physiological concepts and practical applications]. AB - In 1975 H. Rahn put forward a new concept of hydrogen ions regulation which explains acid-base regulation in relation to body temperature and applies to all animal species. At the root of this concept is the finding that maintenance of intracellular neutrality is governed by water dissociation and regulated by imidazole-rich protein buffers. The pH of the extracellular fluid, which receives acid by-products of cell activity, is kept higher than that of the intracellular fluid (relative alkalinity). The difference between extracellular pH and neutrality is constant for each species and ranges from 0.6 to 0.8 pH units. It is unaffected by changes in temperature, and the total CO2 content of extracellular fluid remains constant. The authors were able to confirm the value of this new concept in man by experimental studies of in vitro and in vivo blood of patients undergoing aorto-coronary bypass under controlled hypothermia. They draw the following practical conclusions: (1) in subjects under moderate or deep hypothermia for surgical purposes, the acid-base status can be controlled and the extracellular pH adjusted by ensuring intracellular neutrality; this is done by keeping PCO 2 at such a level that the arterial blood pH measured at 37 degrees C remains around 7.40; (2) the problem of correcting acid-base values (pH-PCO 2) according to body temperature is solved simply by using pH and PCO 2 values measured at 37 degrees C and interpreting them, as usual, in terms of metabolic or respiratory acidosis or alkalosis. PMID- 6221331 TI - [Association of Paget's and Kahler's disease. Fortuitous and simultaneous detection]. PMID- 6221332 TI - [Skin tests and fatal hypersensitivity angiitis in a patient with bronchial cancer]. PMID- 6221333 TI - [Treatment of ascites by hemofiltration with volume compensation by ascitic fluid. Preliminary results]. PMID- 6221334 TI - [Thrombopenic purpura following ingestion of antrafenine]. PMID- 6221335 TI - [Granulomatous mastitis with favorable development under corticoid therapy]. PMID- 6221336 TI - [Sternocostal arthritis caused by Candida in a drug addict]. PMID- 6221337 TI - [Term evaluation by echographic measurement of the fetal femur]. PMID- 6221338 TI - [Characteristics of the early diagnosis and prevention of tuberculosis at high and moderate altitudes]. PMID- 6221339 TI - [80th anniversary of the Lenin tuberculosis sanatorium in Gul'ripshi]. PMID- 6221340 TI - DNase I-hypersensitive sites in the chromatin of immunoglobulin kappa light chain genes. AB - We have used DNase I as a probe to examine the chromatin structure of mouse immunoglobulin kappa light chain genes in rearranged and unrearranged chromosomes -i.e., in nuclei from myeloma cells and from brain and liver cells. Tissue specific DNase I-hypersensitive sites are observed 0.7 and 1.7 kilobases upstream from the 5' end of the C kappa gene in the J kappa -C kappa intron region in myeloma nuclei but not in naked DNA or in brain or liver nuclei. In myeloma cells expressing one functional kappa light chain polypeptide, but with more than one rearranged allele, one DNase I-hypersensitive site is found 0.3 kilobases upstream from the start of the coding region of the V kappa sequence in both functionally rearranged and nonfunctionally rearranged alleles but not in cross hybridizing V kappa genes in the germ line context. Thus, during the development of B lymphocytes, the commitment of immunoglobulin kappa light chain gene expression seems to be associated with the presence of DNase I hypersensitivities that reflect changes of chromosomal structure surrounding the single copy C kappa gene. In contrast, the germ line V kappa multigene family seems to be located in a chromosomal region that does not exhibit change of DNase I hypersensitivity in response to commitment of immunoglobulin expression; a V kappa gene acquires DNase I hypersensitivity only after it is translocated adjacent to the J kappa -C kappa intron region. The DNase I-hypersensitive site 5' to the V kappa sequence is similar in location to hypersensitive sites found for other eukaryotic genes and is probably associated with the promoter region. However, the DNase I hypersensitive sites in the J kappa -C kappa intron region are not associated with any known promoters. In addition, the DNA sequences surrounding the C kappa proximal DNase I-hypersensitive site have several stretches of homology with sequences within the 72-base-pair tandem repeat of simian virus 40, which has been shown to modulate the transcriptional activity of neighboring genes. This DNase I-hypersensitive site in the intron region may be significant for the differential expression of the translocated V kappa genes. PMID- 6221341 TI - Escherichia coli extract-catalyzed recombination in switch regions of mouse immunoglobulin genes. AB - We have shown that Escherichia coli extracts catalyze recombination between mouse immunoglobulin mu and alpha genes inserted separately in lambda phage vectors carrying different genetic markers. Most of the recombination sites in the inserts are located in the switch regions of the heavy chain genes, as previously found in the expressed genes of myeloma cells. The recombination took place at relatively high frequency (10(-4)). The recombinational system in E. coli or lambda phage seems to prefer short nucleotide sequences similar to those used in the class switch recombination. PMID- 6221342 TI - Mutations in lambda repressor's amino-terminal domain: implications for protein stability and DNA binding. AB - The DNA binding properties of 52 different single-amino acid substitutions in lambda repressor's amino-terminal domain have been characterized. Seven proteins bearing mutations that change solvent-exposed side chains have been purified. The amino-terminal domains of these mutant repressors are folded and are comparable to the wild-type amino-terminal domain in thermal stability. In contrast, a purified mutant repressor bearing a substitution in a buried side chain contains an amino-terminal domain with decreased thermal stability. We argue that mutations that alter solvent-exposed wild-type side chains define residues that form the operator DNA binding surface of lambda repressor whereas completely or partially buried mutations exert their effect by decreasing protein stability. PMID- 6221343 TI - Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in a colony of macaque monkeys. AB - A naturally occurring immunodeficiency syndrome has been seen in a captive colony of macaque monkeys. This syndrome is seen primarily in the species Macaca cyclopis. Affected animals died with lymphomas (a rare disease in macaques) or such opportunistic infections as Pneumocystis carinii and noma (necrotizing gingivitis). These M. cyclopis exhibited anemia, neutropenia, and a circulating bizarre immature monocyte. In addition, liver function tests suggested hepatitis. Pokeweed mitogen-, concanavalin A-, and xenogeneic cell-stimulated proliferative responses by lymphocytes of animals with the syndrome were dramatically diminished. The T4 (helper, inducer)/T8 (suppressor, cytotoxic) ratio in the peripheral blood mononuclear T-cell populations of M. cyclopis in this colony are decreased when compared with those from either Macaca mulatta in the same colony or normal humans. Epidemiologic evidence implicates a common source agent in this syndrome. The similarity of this syndrome in macaques to human acquired immunodeficiency syndrome suggests that it may provide an important model for studying the human syndrome. PMID- 6221344 TI - Human platelet secreted proteins and prostacyclin production by bovine aortic endothelial cells. AB - The effects of specific human platelet-secreted proteins on prostacyclin (PGI2) production by primary cultures of bovine aortic endothelial cells have been studied. Cells were incubated with various concentrations of highly purified preparations of platelet factor 4 (PF4), low-affinity platelet factor 4 (LA-PF4), beta-thromboglobulin (beta TG), platelet basic protein (PBP), and partially purified platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) in the presence or absence of arachidonic acid (AA). The amount of 6-Keto-PGF1 alpha, the stable degradation product of PGI2, was determined in the cell incubation medium by means of a specific radioimmunoassay. Short-term (15 min) incubation of cell monolayers with either LA-PF4 or beta TG slightly reduced 6-keto-PGF1 alpha production. The effect was not dose-related and could not be observed after prolonged (24 hr) incubation of the cells with the same proteins. It was not seen in the cell suspensions. Moreover, 6-keto-PGF1 alpha production stimulated by AA was not affected by incubation with either of the proteins. PF4 and PBP had no significant effect on 6-keto-PGF1 alpha production by endothelial cells. Human PDGF showed a slight tendency to stimulate 6-keto-PGF1 alpha release when cells were incubated for 24 hr with the protein; however, PDGF did not potentiate the stimulatory effect of AA on 6-keto-PGF1 alpha release by the cells. We suggest that platelet-derived proteins exert only a moderate and possibly nonspecific effect on PGI2 production by endothelial cells. PMID- 6221346 TI - Destruction of microsomal cytochrome P-450 by reactive oxygen species generated during photosensitization of hematoporphyrin derivative. PMID- 6221345 TI - Histamine receptors in the human ureter. AB - The occurrence of histamine H1- and H2-receptors in the human ureter was studied by means of relatively selective agonists and antagonists of both kinds of receptors. Isolated preparations of small strips of human ureters removed during surgery were used. Histamine and the H1-agonist 2-aminoethylthiazole contracted the ureter in a dose-dependent fashion whereas the H2-agonists dimaprit and impromidine were ineffective. The H1-antagonist chlorpheniramine shifted to the right the dose-response curves to histamine and to 2-aminoethylthiazole with the kinetics of the competitive antagonism. Conversely the H2-antagonists cimetidine, metiamide and tiotidine potentiated the effect of histamine by a factor of 3 though high concentrations had to be used (25 - 30 micrograms/ml). Both H1 and H2 antagonists were not able to modify the basal tone and/or motility showed by ureteral strips. All the above data suggested that H1-receptors are predominant in the human ureteral muscle and the contraction induced by their stimulation completely mask the effect of the H2-receptors stimulation. Since H2-agonists were ineffective in basal conditions and H2-antagonists potentiated the effect of histamine which is spasmogenic, we may suggest that H2-receptors are less numerous than H1-receptors and their stimulation cause a slight relaxation of the ureteral muscle. This situation is not uncommon in other smooth muscle system (e.g. respiratory system and gastrointestinal tract). PMID- 6221347 TI - Conduct disorder and affective disorder among the offspring of patients with Huntington's disease. AB - The rate of occurrence of conduct disorder and affective illness was studied for a sample of 112 offspring of 34 Huntington's Disease (HD) patients. Psychiatric disorder in the offspring was assessed as a function of: (1) age of the parent at the onset of symptoms of HD; (2) family disorganization; and (3) psychiatric disorder in either parent. The findings indicated an increased frequency of conduct disorder in disrupted families, most especially in those where the HD parent had an early onset of symptoms and the non-HD parent showed psychiatric disorder. Affective disorder in the offspring was most strongly associated with the presence of similar symptoms in the HD parent. Affective disorder, but not conduct disorder, may be an early manifestation of the HD gene. The implication of these findings for genetic counselling is discussed. PMID- 6221348 TI - Down's syndrome and aging: is senile dementia inevitable? PMID- 6221349 TI - Management of compliance to progressive relaxation and orthopedic exercises in treatment of chronic back pain. PMID- 6221350 TI - Enhancement by the putative 5-HT receptor agonist 8-OH-2-(di-n propylamino)tetralin of the acoustic startle response in the rat. AB - Two 2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin (DPAT) compounds, 8-OH-DPAT and 5-OH-DPAT, with reported effects on central 5-HT and DA receptors respectively, were tested for their effects on the acoustic startle response in rats. 8-OH-DPAT was given in doses of 0.25-2.0 mg/kg IP and 5-OH-DPAT in doses of 1.0-8.0 mg/kg IP. Both compounds increased the startle response significantly in a dose-dependent manner, but 8-OH-DPAT appeared to be about 30 times as potent and to have a higher efficacy than 5-OH-DPAT. In addition, the effects on the startle response of L-5-HTP, 25-100 mg/kg IP, and L-dopa, 25-100 mg/kg IP, administration to animals pretreated with the inhibitor of aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase, benserazide (25 mg/kg IP) were included for comparison. A small, but significant increase in the startle amplitude was found after the highest dose of L-5-HTP, whereas no effects were observed after L-dopa administration. PMID- 6221351 TI - A comparative case study of handicap registers for pre-school children. PMID- 6221352 TI - [Biological activity of calf spleen extracts containing a DNAase I inhibitor during irradiation]. AB - The purified calf spleen extract (I fraction CM-cellulose), possessing a highly active natural inhibitor of DNAase I, increases the survival rate of gamma irradiated animals as opposed to irradiated controls. A possible role of DNAase I inhibitor in the radioprotective effect is discussed. PMID- 6221354 TI - Hurt on the job: report your injury promptly. Case in point: Spehar v. Commonwealth of Pa. (447 A. 2d333--PA). PMID- 6221353 TI - Regional pulmonary function after irradiation of the canine lung: radionuclide evaluation. AB - The pulmonary effects of neutron and gamma irradiation were compared in a group of beagle dogs that were subjected to hemithorax irradiation with cobalt-60 gamma rays or 15-MeV neutrons. Integral cobalt-60 doses of 3000, 4500, or 6750 rad (30, 45, or 67.5 Gy) and neutron doses of 1000, 1500, or 2250 rad (10, 15, or 22.5 Gy) were given on a therapy-type schedule of four equal fractions per week for 6 weeks. Serial Tc-99m-macroaggregated albumin perfusion, Tc-99m-Sn-phytate aerosol, and xenon-133 ventilation studies were performed before irradiation and at 3, 6, 9, 12, 18, and 24 months postexposure. Pulmonary damage was more severe and persistent with neutron than with gamma radiation, but the changes were dose dependent for both types of radiation. The perfusion and radioaerosol imaging studies provided the best scintigraphic evidence of lung damage. Abnormalities in the xenon-133 studies were relatively minor and were more apparent on the single breath than on the equilibrium or clearance studies. The scintigraphic studies provided evidence of radiation-induced ventilation perfusion inequalities with both types of radiation, but required several times less neutron radiation than gamma radiation to produce similar alterations in ventilation-perfusion relationships. PMID- 6221355 TI - Biochemical and physiologic effects of thyroid hormone on cardiac performance. PMID- 6221356 TI - [Evaluation of diastolic phase by left ventricular volume curve using S2-gated equilibrium method in radioisotope angiography]. AB - S2-gated (the second heart sound) method was designed by authors. In 6 normal subjects and 16 patients (old myocardial infarction 12 cases, hypertension 2 cases and aortic regurgitation 2 cases), radioisotope (RI) angiography using S2 gated equilibrium method was performed. In RI angiography, 99mTc-human serum albumin (HSA) 555MBq (15 mCi) as tracer, PDP11/34 as minicomputer and PCG/ECG synchronizer (Metro Inst.) were used. Then left ventricular (LV) volume curve by S2-gated and electrocardiogram (ECG) R wave-gated method were obtained. Using LV volume curve, left ventricular ejection fraction (EF), mean ejection rate (mER, s 1), mean filling rate (mFR, s-1) and rapid filling fraction (RFF) were calculated. mFR indicated mean filling rate during rapid filling phase. RFF was defined as the filling fraction during rapid filling phase among stroke volume. S2-gated method was reliable in evaluation of early diastolic phase, compared with ECG-gated method. There was the difference between RFF in normal group and myocardial infarction (MI) group (p less than 0.005). RFF in 2 groups were correlated with EF (r = 0.82, p less than 0.01). RFF was useful in evaluating MI cases who had normal EF values. The comparison with mER by ECG-gated and mFR by S2-gated was useful in evaluating MI cases who had normal mER values. mFR was remarkably lower than mER in MI group, but was equal to mER in normal group approximately. In conclusion, the evaluation using RFF and mFR by S2-gated method was useful in MI cases who had normal systolic phase indices. PMID- 6221357 TI - [Clinical evaluation of transaxial bone imaging with 99mTc-phosphate compounds]. AB - Single photon emission computed tomography using newly designed whole body imaging system which was composed of opposing dual gamma cameras, a rotating gantry and a sliding table was clinically evaluated for bone imaging. Two hundred and seventeen portions of various bone diseases were performed single photon emission computed tomography following conventional bone imaging with 99mTc-MDP (methylen diphosphonate) or -HMDP (hydroxymethylene diphosphonate) and the results were discussed. Transaxial images were sometimes superior than conventional images in the diagnosis of the tumor localization and extension of the facial bone. Combination of emission computed tomography to conventional methods also presented more exact informations for the diagnosis of the vertebral change. Separation of the overlapped radioactivities of the bone and the soft tissue is another advantage of the tomographic image, and cross-sectional images with enoughly high qualities were available in early time after administration of 99mTc-phosphate compounds. Useful diagnostic informations could be obtained by tomographic bone imaging combined with conventional imagings. PMID- 6221358 TI - [Hypercalcemia associated with cancer: dialysis treatment]. PMID- 6221359 TI - [Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty]. PMID- 6221360 TI - [Clinical application of the radioimmunoassay of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate]. PMID- 6221361 TI - [Elements of shoulder mechanics]. AB - An understanding of shoulder movement is difficult. The author has devised a schematic diagram which gives a better definition of the basic movements. It allows a simpler analysis of limitation of movement and of the relative importance of the scapulo-humeral, sterno-clavicular and acromio-clavicular joints. The role of the peri-articular muscles is stressed as motors and stabilizers. This analysis accounts for difficulties encountered in prosthetic surgery. PMID- 6221362 TI - [Comparative results of hip resection and coaptation for septic arthritis. Apropos of 36 cases]. AB - The Girdlestone procedure was performed in 36 cases of septic arthritis of the hip, most of which arose following operation. In 21 instances, the greater trochanter was inserted into the acetabulum and the hips were fixed by external fixators. In 15 instances a standard operation was performed followed by traction. The results were better after simple procedures; there was less pain and more mobility but the hip was more unstable. It is concluded that the simple procedure is preferable especially when it is planned to perform a further arthroplasty later. PMID- 6221363 TI - [59 operations for removal of hip prosthesis. Comparison between simple removal and coaptation]. AB - The authors have studied fifty-nine patients in whom a total hip prosthesis had been removed for various reasons. In forty-five cases the greater trochanter was inserted into the acetabulum and the position maintained by external fixation. In fourteen cases the prosthesis was simply removed and traction applied for several weeks. Forty-one patients were available for follow up study. The results were identical as regards pain. The residual stability was better in cases of trochantero-pelvic penetration but residual mobility was better after simple removal. The latter procedure should be performed in cases of acetabular destruction, in advanced age or in cases where the insertion of a new prosthesis can be anticipated later. Healing of draining sinuses is related to the extent of tissue excision and the removal of all cement. PMID- 6221364 TI - [Atloaxoid dislocation in chronic inflammatory rheumatism. Results of 16 occipitoaxoid arthrodeses]. AB - Sixteen cases of spontaneous dislocation of the atlanto-axial joint have been reviewed, fifteen in rheumatoid arthritis and one in ankylosing spondylitis. On four occasions there was some neurological impairment, but in eleven there was only pain and stiffness. The only case of ankylosing spondylitis was operated on after failure of conservative treatment. Three patients died between one and eight months after operation, two of them having had severe neurological impairment before operation. In the thirteen other cases, the average follow up was four years. All had satisfactory fusion after grafting from the skull to axis. Six had only a partial reduction of the displacement and united with some displacement of about 5 mm. The results were satisfactory with absence of pain and regression of neurological signs. PMID- 6221365 TI - [Treatment of inflammatory hip disease in rheumatoid arthritis with cemented total prostheses. Apropos of 62 total hip prostheses, of which 38 were followed for more than 3 years]. AB - The authors have operated on 62 hips in 43 patients. Thirty-eight were followed for more than three years. Out of 62 cases there were 2 early deaths, 2 instances of pulmonary embolus and 1 of sepsis. Five different types of prosthesis were used. On 11 occasions a border appeared around the cement of the femoral component and in three of these loosening was demonstrated. The number of these appeared to be higher than after total replacement for other etiologies and seemed to be aggravated by technical errors, such as varus positioning and lack of cement. In most cases a remarkable functional improvement was obtained but progressively secondary worsening of walking ability was seen due to involvement of other joints. It is concluded that special precautions should be observed in such cases and that other joints should be replaced earlier when necessary. PMID- 6221366 TI - [Malunions of the metacarpals and phalanges. Results of surgical treatment]. AB - The authors have made an analysis of the results obtained after surgical correction of 30 malunited metacarpals and phalanges. Nine involved joints, but the remainder did not. In 25 cases, there was limited movement associated with the malunion. The surgical devices were specially designed for surgical treatment and the technique employed is described. It is concluded that the correction of malunion needs to be made but that this alone is not sufficient to obtain a satisfactory result. The effectiveness of added tenolysis, arthrolysis, post operative bracing and rehabilitation is even more important. The indications for treatment are given according to the level and location of the malunion. PMID- 6221367 TI - [Screwed-plate osteosynthesis and reconstruction of fractures of the calcaneus]. AB - The authors have treated 182 fractures of the calcaneus. Ninety-nine of these were operated on and plated. The results were studied in 75 cases with a follow up of 1 to 6 years. The technique used a lateral approach; a plate was always used, sometimes with a heterogeneous bone graft (Kiel bone). The operation was followed by 3 weeks of plaster cast fixation followed by mobilisation of the foot. A good functional result was obtained in 82 p. 100 of cases, but a satisfactory anatomical reduction in only 73 p. 100. Some mobility of the subtalar joint was conserved in 73 p. 100 of cases. The indications are described. This type of operation should be performed in displaced fractures with 2, 3 or 4 fragments. In more comminuted fractures the authors consider that primary arthrodesis is advisable. Conservative treatment is indicated in slightly displaced fractures or when local conditions make operation inadvisable. PMID- 6221368 TI - [Radiation-induced sarcoma of the hip. Apropos of a case]. AB - The authors describe a case of post radiation sarcoma of the hip, rare complication in the post radiation lesions. This case associates a post radiation coxopathy treated by total hip arthroplasty, a socket loosening with pelvic fracture, and a post radiation sarcoma. This last complication was fatal. PMID- 6221369 TI - [Extemporaneous lengthening of the femur, fixed with a centromedullary locked nail]. AB - The authors expose a new method for extemporaneous femoral lengthening osteotomy with intra-medullary locking nailing. The procedure is described with a stair step osteotomy. The first results are presented and the main stages of the operation are discussed especially those preventing any loss in the surgical lengthening. PMID- 6221370 TI - [Palmar approach in proximal amputation of the 2nd ray of the hand]. AB - The authors propose an anterior approach to perform the amputation of the index finger according to Chase. The palmar access brings more facility to cut the tendons and nerves. The scar on the palmar side of the hand is quite invisible. PMID- 6221371 TI - [T-lymphocytes and their subpopulations in peripheral blood. Their measurement by monoclonal antibodies in healthy subjects]. PMID- 6221372 TI - [Valve replacement in chronic aortic insufficiency with left ventricular dysfunction. Criteria for the assignment of a post-surgical prognosis]. PMID- 6221373 TI - Left-handed preschool children with orthopedic disabilities. PMID- 6221374 TI - Flow-dependent transfer of antipyrine in the human placenta in vitro. AB - Placental transfer of antipyrine, a small liposoluble molecule, was investigated at varying flow rates using dual perfusion of human placental lobules. With a flow ratio equal to unity, the foetal transport fraction (foetal vein concentration X 100/maternal artery concentration) of antipyrine averaged 0.33. It has been suggested that effectiveness of exchange in the lobule perfused in vitro approximated that of a concurrent model with an antipyrine 'd' coefficient between 0.6 and 1.2, including shunting which diverted 16 p. 100 of foetal and 13 p. 100 of maternal flow rates from the exchange area. These observations have been discussed in relation to data obtained in other mammalian placentas and in man in vivo. PMID- 6221376 TI - The effect of pyrrolnitrin on mitochondrial reactions: the induction of swelling. AB - An antifungal antibiotic, pyrrolnitrin, was found to show very similar biological activities to those of imidazole antimycotics on isolated mitochondria. Pyrrolnitrin caused drastic swelling of mitochondria in isotonic solutions of alkali metal salts and of sucrose without any addition of substrate for the respiratory chain in mitochondria. The swelling induced by pyrrolnitrin was characterized by a biphasic swelling process; a very fast initial swelling and thereafter a very slow speed secondary swelling. The increase of pyrrolnitrin concentration exponentially increased the magnitude of over-all rapid swelling. Pyrrolnitrin enhance the latent ATPase activity of mitochondria at the similar range of concentrations to those needed for the induction of the swelling. The concentrations of pyrrolnitrin where mitochondrial swelling was induced were found to be far lower than those needed for the exhibition of inhibitory effect on the electron transport system of mitochondria. PMID- 6221375 TI - Disposition of medroxyprogesterone acetate and drug metabolism activity. AB - The role of drug-metabolizing enzyme activity on the disposition of medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) was investigated in male rats. The metabolizing enzyme system was induced by phenobarbital (PB) or inhibited by SKF 525A. Plasma concentrations of unmetabolized MPA and the amounts of MPA-related residues in various tissues were higher in the SKF 525A and slightly lower in the PB treated animals than in the controls. The disappearance of MPA-related substances from the lung, skeletal muscle and brain was slow, and in the lung there was even an increase in the amount of radioactivity in the PB and saline treated rats at 24 hr. Almost equal amounts of radioactivity were excreted in the urine and intestine in the control rats, while the induction of drug metabolism enhanced the excretion in the urine and its reduction enhanced elimination in the intestinal tract within 24 hours. The findings demonstrate that plasma and tissue levels of MPA and its elimination route are influenced by the drug metabolism activity. PMID- 6221377 TI - A study of the 18O-exchange reactions catalyzed by cardiac myosin and its subfragment 1. AB - Isotope-exchange reactions (H2(18)O in equilibrium with KH2PO4) during ATP hydrolysis catalyzed by myosin and its subfragment 1 from rabbit, dog, and human cardiac muscle were studied. All preparations of myosin and subfragment 1 in the presence of Mg2+ catalyzed two types of 18O-exchange reactions similar to those of skeletal muscle: intermediate and direct 18O exchange. The dependences of both reactions on divalent metals and nucleotides were studied. Data on 18O exchange of subfragment 1 from rabbit, dog, and human cardiac muscle were obtained for the first time. They indicate the similarity of molecular mechanisms of ATP energy use in cardiac and skeletal muscle contraction. PMID- 6221378 TI - Intracellular energy transport and control of cardiac contraction. AB - The participation of the intracellular creatine kinase system in energy transport in cardiac cells was studied further. The functional behavior of different but kinetically indistinguishable isoenzymes of creatine kinase (CK) in muscle cells is determined by their intracellular localization as is shown in this report for mitochondrial and sarcolemmal creatine kinases. The kinetics of the forward mitochondrial creatine kinase reaction is influenced by oxidative phosphorylation which increases the apparent affinity for ATP but does not change the kinetics of the reverse creatine kinase reaction. The molar content of creatine kinase in heart mitochondria was determined and found to be close to the content of adenine nucleotide translocase, thus supporting the concept of the tight functional relationship between those two mitochondrial proteins as a basis for effective phosphocreatine (PCr) production in mitochondria. In the sarcolemmal preparation, the antiport of Na+ and K+ is much more effectively supported by the sarcolemmal creatine kinase reaction than by an externally added ATP-regenerating system consisting of phosphoenolpyruvate and pyruvate kinase. The results of these experiments are taken to show the ability of sarcolemmal creatine kinase to maintain a very high phosphorylation potential in the vicinity of the active centers of the Na+ -K+ ATPase necessary to support the active transport of Na+ and K+ across the plasma membrane and to avoid a reversal of the ion gradient. Finally, it is concluded in this chapter that a rapid decrease in PCr content in the cells under anoxic or ischemic conditions may be one of the important factors in the impairment of cardiac contractile function under those conditions. PMID- 6221379 TI - [Functional re-training in the postural pain of dental practitioners]. PMID- 6221380 TI - Empiric therapy for bacterial infections. Evaluation of cefoperazone. A symposium. Geneva, Switzerland October 4-5, 1981. PMID- 6221381 TI - Cefoperazone: a review of its antimicrobial spectrum, beta-lactamase stability, enzyme inhibition, and other in vitro characteristics. AB - The in vitro qualities of cefoperazone were reviewed on the basis of international medical literature and some new observations. Cefoperazone is highly active against the Enterobacteriaceae. Its activity against Staphylococcus aureus is comparable to that of the other newer cephem antibiotics. Cefoperazone is also active against all beta-hemolytic streptococci and Streptococcus pneumoniae and is relatively inactive against methicillin-resistant S. aureus and enterococci. Against Pseudomonas aeruginosa cefoperazone is at least fourfold more active than cefotaxime or moxalactam and is approximately as active as azlocillin or piperacillin. Haemophilus and Neisseria species, regardless of beta lactamase production, are highly susceptible to cefoperazone. Against the Bacteroides fragilis group, cefoperazone is either very active or quite inactive because of endemic variations. The drug is slightly less stable to some beta lactamases than are cefotaxime-like or 7-methoxy cephem drugs. Cefoperazone is a bactericidal beta-lactam, and its minimal inhibitory concentrations are influenced only by high inoculum concentrations of beta-lactamase-producing strains. Its ability to permeate bacterial cell membranes appears similar to that of cefotaxime. Synergy studies with cefoperazone plus beta-lactamase inhibitors or aminoglycosides against Enterobacteriaceae and P. aeruginosa show enhanced killing. Cefoperazone is 70%-94% protein bound and has high affinities for bacterial penicillin-binding proteins 3, 1a, 2, and 1 bs. PMID- 6221382 TI - Pharmacokinetics of cefoperazone in patients with normal and impaired hepatic and renal function. AB - The pharmacokinetics of cefoperazone in normal subjects and in patients with hepatic and renal dysfunction are reviewed. Peak serum concentrations and areas under serum level-time curves are linearly related to dose. The range of mean peak serum concentrations after a 2-g dose of cefoperazone is 202-375 micrograms/ml with iv injection or infusion and 111 micrograms/ml with im injection. The serum half-life is 1.6-2.6 hr. Urinary excretion is rapid, but only 15%-37% of the dose is recovered in urine. The drug is not metabolized significantly. Levels of drug in bile are many times higher than serum levels, and biliary excretion represents the major pathway of cefoperazone elimination. Serum kinetics of cefoperazone are not significantly altered by renal impairment. However, hepatic dysfunction is associated with a two- to fourfold increase in serum half-life. Even in these patients, drug accumulation was not observed after repeated administration of 1 g of cefoperazone at 12-hr intervals. Major dosage modification should only be required with concomitant renal and hepatic dysfunction. PMID- 6221383 TI - Multicentered clinical evaluation of cefoperazone for the treatment of lower respiratory tract infections. AB - Adult patients with bacterial infections of the lower respiratory tract were given either cefoperazone or cefamandole in a multicenter clinical study of the clinical and bacteriologic efficacy of cefoperazone. Clinical diagnoses included pneumonia, bronchitis, lung abscess, and bronchiectasis. Efficacy was evaluated in 119 patients given cefoperazone and 73 patients given cefamandole. Major pathogens isolated included Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Satisfactory clinical responses were noted for 96% of the patients in both treatment groups, including 14 of 17 patients given cefoperazone who were primarily infected with P. aeruginosa. Satisfactory bacteriologic responses were noted for 88% of the group given cefoperazone and 89% of the group given cefamandole. Adverse reactions related to the antibiotic occurred infrequently in each treatment group. The results of this study indicate that cefoperazone is a safe and effective antibiotic for the treatment of lower respiratory tract infections due to S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, S. aureus, and many gram-negative bacilli, including susceptible strains of P. aeruginosa, in adult patients. PMID- 6221384 TI - Cefoperazone for the treatment of acute urinary tract infection: multicentered comparative and noncomparative studies. PMID- 6221385 TI - Cefoperazone therapy for obstetric and gynecologic infections. AB - The safety and clinical efficacy of cefoperazone therapy for obstetric and gynecologic infections have been evaluated in clinical trials involving 107 women hospitalized at nine medical centers. The indications for cefoperazone therapy have included post-partum and postoperative uterine infections, pelvic inflammatory disease, postoperative pelvic infections, and miscellaneous pelvic infections. A variety of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, including members of the genera Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Escherichia, Klebsiella, Proteus, Neisseria, Bacteroides, Peptococcus, and Peptostreptococcus, were isolated from these patients. More than 80% of these isolates were inhibited in vitro by cefoperazone concentrations less than or equal to 2.0 micrograms/ml. Symptomatic cures were achieved in 91% of patients, and 96% of isolated pathogens were eradicated during therapy. Adverse drug-related reactions occurred in only 4% of patients. Follow-up laboratory evaluations demonstrated only minor abnormalities that affected a small number of patients. These results indicate that cefoperazone offers safe and effective therapy for common obstetric and gynecologic infections. PMID- 6221386 TI - Use of cefoperazone in the empiric treatment of serious skin infections. AB - This report summarizes the results of a six-center clinical trial of cefoperazone as empiric therapy for hospitalized patients with serious infections of the skin and skin structures. Cefoperazone was administered in doses of 2-4 g once every 12 hr by iv infusion over 15-30 min or im injection. Results of therapy were evaluated for 39 of the 46 patients enrolled in the study. Of these 39 patients, 30 had a satisfactory clinical response to cefoperazone therapy, six had a partly satisfactory response, and three had an unsatisfactory response. A total of 78 pathogens were isolated from infected sites of the 39 patients, and MICs were determined for 62 of these pathogens. Of the 78 isolated pathogens, 63 (including five of eight isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa) were eradicated by cefoperazone. It is concluded that cefoperazone is a suitable antibiotic for empiric therapy for infections of the skin and skin structures of hospitalized patients. PMID- 6221387 TI - Multicentered study of cefoperazone for treatment of intraabdominal infections and comparison of cefoperazone with cefamandole and clindamycin plus gentamicin for treatment of appendicitis and peritonitis. AB - Cefoperazone was evaluated for efficacy and safety in the treatment of known or suspected intraabdominal infections. Initially, 59 patients were enrolled in an open, noncomparative study. Of the 35 patients in whom the efficacy of treatment could be evaluated, 32 had a satisfactory clinical response. In this open study, cefoperazone eradicated 62 of 71 pathogens. The safety of the drug was evaluated in all 59 patients. Adverse reactions were seen in nine patients. In the second part of the study, 144 patients were enrolled. Fifty-seven of these patients received cefoperazone, 35 received cefamandole, and 52 received clindamycin plus gentamicin. Therapeutic efficacy could be evaluated in 20 patients who received cefoperazone, 20 who received cefamandole, and 16 who received clindamycin gentamicin. Satisfactory clinical responses were seen in 90%, 80%, and 100% of these patients, respectively; satisfactory bacteriologic responses were seen in 100%, 95%, and 100%, respectively. A 5% incidence of adverse reactions was observed among the 57 patients who received cefoperazone; in contrast, the rate of adverse reaction to cefamandole was 11%, and that to clindamycin-gentamicin was 11.5%. No differences were seen among the patients in the three groups. Thus, cefoperazone appears to be safe and effective for the treatment of intraabdominal infections of bacterial etiology. PMID- 6221388 TI - A randomized, controlled trial of cefoperazone vs. cefamandole-tobramycin in the treatment of putative, severe infections with gram-negative bacilli. AB - Cefoperazone was compared with the combination of cefamandole and tobramycin in a prospective, randomized study of putative, severe, gram-negative bacillary infections. We attempted to exclude patients with granulocytopenia or infections due to Pseudomonas species. A total of 118 isolates (94 gram-negative bacilli and 24 gram-positive cocci) caused infection in 99 of the 120 patients studied. Cefoperazone (16 micrograms/ml) was active against 93% of the organisms tested; cefamandole (16 micrograms/ml) and/or tobramycin (4 micrograms/ml) was active against 95%. Infection was cured or improved in 77% of cefoperazone-treated patients and 81% of cefamandole-tobramycin-treated patients. Bacteremia was cured or improved in 61% of cefoperazone-treated patients and in 63% of cefamandole tobramycin-treated patients. Adverse reactions included five cases of probable antibiotic-associated nephrotoxicity in the cefamandole-tobramycin group; there were no such cases in the cefoperazone group. One patient given cefoperazone plus eight other drugs became granulocytopenic, but the condition resolved when all medications were stopped. This analysis suggests that cefoperazone alone may be as effective as cefamandole plus tobramycin in the treatment of severe infections with gram-negative bacilli and is less nephrotoxic. The role of cefoperazone in patients with granulocytopenia or infections due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa was not evaluated. PMID- 6221389 TI - Cefoperazone for the treatment of infections in patients with cancer. AB - Cefoperazone was used for the treatment of 105 febrile episodes in 103 patients with cancer. A dose of 12 g/day was administered according to two different schedules, one for neutropenic patients (neutrophil count, less than 1,000/mm3), the other for nonneutropenic patients. The rate of response for 85 episodes of documented infection was 68%. The rates of response for patients with bacteremia and pneumonia were 72% and 41%, respectively; all patients with soft-tissue and urinary-tract infections responded. Fifty-five percent of patients infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the most common gram-negative organism causing infection, responded to therapy. Among patients infected with Staphylococcus aureus, the most common gram-positive organism causing infection, 82% responded. As expected, the rate of response was higher for patients with adequate neutrophil counts. In neutropenic patients the overall response was good, particularly when the neutropenia resolved. However, the occasional occurrence of resistant strains of bacteria precludes the use of cefoperazone alone as initial therapy for neutropenic patients. Toxic adverse reactions, including drug-induced fever, diarrhea, and rash, occurred rarely and were transient. This study indicates that cefoperazone has low toxicity and is effective for the treatment of infections in patients with cancer. PMID- 6221390 TI - Cefoperazone sodium in the treatment of serious bacterial infections in 2,100 adults and children: multicentered trials in Europe, Latin America, and Australasia. AB - Data from noncomparative multicenter trials of cefoperazone sodium in 17 countries throughout Australasia, Europe, and Latin America were analyzed. The study populations included 1,659 adults and 438 children with a wide variety of serious urinary tract infections, respiratory tract infections, and miscellaneous infections. Most adult patients received either 1 g (42%) or 2 g (53%) of cefoperazone iv twice daily for 8-10 days. Satisfactory clinical responses were achieved in 91% of 586 assessable patients with respiratory tract infections, 94% of 571 with urinary tract infections, and 93% of 301 with miscellaneous infections. Organisms resistant to most cephalosporins, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa, other Pseudomonas species, Enterobacter, indole-positive Proteus, Serratia, Bacteroides fragilis, and Streptococcus faecalis (nonendocarditis infections) responded to cefoperazone treatment. Ten percent of patients reported one or more adverse effects directly attributable to cefoperazone, most of which were mild or moderate in severity. In a global evaluation that took into account baseline disease severity, clinical and bacteriological outcome, and toleration, investigators judged cefoperazone as excellent or good in 83% of patients, fair in 10%, and poor in 7%. The usual dosage for pediatric patients was 25-50 mg/kg two or three times daily for about seven days. Overall clinical effectiveness in 417 assessable patients was 89% for a wide variety of infections. Ten of 11 cases of meningitis were cured. Mild adverse reactions were reported for 14 patients. The results indicate that cefoperazone sodium is a safe and effective antibiotic for use in adults and children with serious bacterial infections. PMID- 6221391 TI - Cefoperazone as a prophylactic agent in abdominal hysterectomy. PMID- 6221392 TI - [Immunoglobulins in the cerebrospinal fluid in Down's syndrome]. PMID- 6221393 TI - [Non-obstructive myocardiopathies]. PMID- 6221394 TI - [The child's stress during pedodontic consultation]. PMID- 6221395 TI - [Cerebrovascular accidents in Down's syndrome. Considerations a propos of 2 cases]. PMID- 6221396 TI - Chromogenic peptide substrates. Their use for the assay of factors in the fibrinolytic and the plasma kallikrein-kinin systems. PMID- 6221397 TI - Intracellular potassium in man. A clinical and methodological study using whole body counting and muscle biopsy techniques. PMID- 6221398 TI - Efficacy and safety of pirenzepine in peptic ulcer and in non ulcerous gastroduodenal diseases. A multicentre controlled clinical trial. PMID- 6221400 TI - Natural killer-like cytotoxicity of human T-cell clones against various target cells. AB - MLC-T cells from two different donors were cultured after limiting dilution (0.3 cells/well) in medium containing T-cell growth factor. Clones showing lytic activity against K-562 in a preliminary screening were expanded and tested against various NK-sensitive target-cell lines (Chang, T-24, Daudi, and Molt-4) and phytohaemagglutinin blasts derived from the stimulator cells. Ten growing clones maintained their activity against K-562 and were able to lyse the other cell lines. A significant heterogeneity was nevertheless noticed in the lytic efficiency of the different clones against the various target cells. Taken together, our data indicate that single clones are able to lyse different NK sensitive targets. PMID- 6221399 TI - Healthy and diseased striated muscle studied by analytical scanning electron microscopy with special reference to fibre type. AB - X-ray microanalytical investigations of striated muscles in the scanning electron microscope are reviewed. The main part of the studies was performed on cryosections cut with a conventional cryostat operating at -20 degrees C to -40 degrees C. The preparation procedure including different types of attachment of the sections to the specimen holder is described in detail. The elemental changes in muscle are related to the muscle fibre type as demonstrated by histochemical methods or to histochemically demonstrated inclusions in diseased muscles. This is of great importance, because muscle disorders are often characterised by selective involvement of different muscle fibre types. The preparation methods of muscle for analytical scanning electron microscopy and the obtained results are compared with studies performed on thin cryo and epoxy sections, analysed in the transmission and scanning-transmission electron microscope. It is evident that X ray microanalysis performed on thick cryosections provide a quick survey of the elemental composition of whole cells, and should be followed in interesting cases by close examination on the organelle level studied in thin cryosections in the transmission and scanning-transmission electron microscope. PMID- 6221401 TI - Immune response to Bacteroides fragilis in experimentally infected rabbits. AB - Experimental Bacteroides fragilis infections in rabbits were produced by injecting 10(9)-10(10) organisms into subcutaneously implanted steel-net tissue cages. Four B. fragilis type strains with divergent antigenic set-up were used. Viable counts in the cage contents reached a steady state at 10(7)-10(9) within 2 3 weeks. Bacteria coated with immunoglobulin were demonstrated in the pus. The antibody response in serum, followed with indirect immunofluorescence and detected within 7-10 days, was dominated by IgG; IgM antibodies were also involved but to a lesser degree. Serum antibody levels were not significantly influenced by infecting dose or strain, variations in viable counts or antibiotic therapy. Antibody response was directed against heat-stable as well as heat labile antigens. Non-homogeneous staining, i.e. positive fluorescence of some of the cells in the preparation with the remaining cells negative, was found with heterologous and homologous cells and was found to be related to heat-labile antigen. PMID- 6221402 TI - Epidemiology of gonorrhoea: serogroup, antibiotic susceptibility and auxotype patterns of consecutive gonococcal isolates from ten different areas of Sweden. AB - Consecutively isolated gonococcal strains from 10 representative geographical areas in Sweden were serogrouped according to the previously described W antigen class. The majority of the strains were antibiotic susceptibility tested and approximately one fourth of them were auxotyped. Statistically significant differences of the serogroup patterns were demonstrated between the 2 largest towns, which represented highly urbanized areas where serogroup W II dominated, and the middle sized towns with adjoining rural districts, where serogroup W I dominated. The serogroup patterns of the strains isolated in 3 university towns were representative for Sweden as a whole. Statistically significant differences were demonstrated between urban and rural areas with regard to the susceptibility of gonococci to beta-lactam antibiotics. About 95% of serogroup W I strains were highly sensitive to ampicillin whereas about 65% and 90% of W II and W III strains, respectively, showed decreased susceptibility. The majority of the auxotyped strains belonged to 4 main types: Pro-, Pro-Arg-Ura-, AHU- and prototrophic. The majority of the AHU- strains belonged to serogroup W I and were highly susceptible to beta-lactam antibiotics and tetracycline. Many of the Pro Arg-Ura-strains belonged to 2 particular subserogroups within serogroup W II and showed increased resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics. Serological classification of gonococci by co-agglutination is a simple and rapid technique without need of special equipment. It could serve 2 purposes: 1) as a confirmation test for gonococci cultured from clinical specimens; 2) for serogrouping of gonococcal isolates to study the epidemiology of gonorrhoea with regard to geographical areas, race, sexual preference, treatment failure and other demographic and medical factors. PMID- 6221403 TI - Mezlocillin treatment of septicemia in general hospitals. AB - Gramnegative septicemia in 23 patients from different Norwegian departments of general medicine or surgery was treated with mezlocillin. Most of the patients were old, and 14 patients were considered compromised due to underlying disease. In the majority of cases the septicemia originated from urinary tract infections. Uneventful recovery was accomplished in 16 patients (70%) and another 5 cases improved. In 2 patients no clinical effects were observed within 3 days of treatment. Apart from diarrhoea in 5 of the cases, no side-effects occurred. Mezlocillin proved to be a safe and efficient drug for the treatment of gramnegative septicemias of the type that is most commonly encountered in Norwegian general hospitals. PMID- 6221404 TI - Surgical intervention in cases of Ebstein's anomaly. Abnormal origin and structure of the tricuspid valve. AB - During the ten-year period 1972-81 four patients, two men and two women, with Ebstein's disease underwent operation at our institution. Their average age was 34. Central cyanosis at rest, clubbing and polycythaemia were the most common clinical features of the patients. Enlarged heart, a small pulmonary arterial arch and transluminal lung fields were seen in chest X-ray. Operative findings were a grossly enlarged right atrium and ventricle, the latter having a segment that was typically atrialized and thin-walled but was contracting synchronously with the true right ventricle, and a wide variation in the leaflets of the tricuspid valve and their origins. The atrial septal defect was small in all cases. Artificial heart valves (1 Cutter-Smeloff, 2 Bjork-Shiley, 1 St. Jude) were used in the tricuspid reconstruction in addition to closure of the ASDs. One of the patients died postoperatively, the other three are doing well. PMID- 6221405 TI - In vitro fluid dynamic characteristics of the Medtronic-Hall pivoting disc heart valve prosthesis. AB - The need for better low-profile mechanical valves led to the design and development of the Medtronic-Hall (formerly known as the Hall-Kaster valve) pivoting disc heart valve prosthesis in 1976. In vitro flow studies indicate that it has improved pressure drop characteristics compared to the Lillehei-Kaster and convexoconcave Bjork-Shiley (60 degrees model) tilting disc valves. It does, however, have a somewhat larger regurgitant volume compared to the Bjork-Shiley valve design. Velocity measurements with a laser-Doppler anemometer in the immediate downstream vicinity of the Medtronic-Hall valve indicate no region of stagnation near the outflow face of the disc. Regions of stagnation were, however, observed adjacent to the two titanium "pivot stops" situated on either side of the disc in the major orifice and along the pivot post in the minor orifice, together with a region of flow separation adjacent to the sewing ring of the minor outflow region. The results of the present in vitro study indicate a small but significant improvement in the overall fluid dynamic performance of the Medtronic-Hall valve, compared to the convexo-concave Bjork-Shiley (60 degrees model) and Lillehei-Kaster tilting disc prostheses in current clinical use. PMID- 6221406 TI - [Cellular immunity in chronic polyarthritis: the effect of basic therapy on T lymphocyte subpopulations]. AB - Monoclonal antibodies were used to determinee the various T-lymphocyte subpopulations in 51 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The findings were compared with an age-matched healthy control population. Patients with active rheumatoid arthritis display a significant decrease in suppressor T lymphocyte subsets as compared with RA-patients with inactive disease. The calculated immunological ratio (helper-suppressor ratio) is accordingly higher than in the inactive disease state or in normals. Remission-aimed therapy with slow-acting agents such as gold salts. D-penicillamin, levamisole or azathioprine induces not only a clinical improvement but also normalization of the immunological ratio. These findings support the hypothesis that immunological imbalance may play a crucial role in the development and perpetuation of rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 6221407 TI - [A case of pulmonary parasitosis in a foal]. PMID- 6221408 TI - Retinoids in clinical medicine. PMID- 6221410 TI - Injury to the great vessels: a hazard of transabdominal endoscopy. PMID- 6221409 TI - Ultrasonic examination of abdominal wall and groin masses. AB - Among 23 cases of obscure masses in the abdominal wall or groin examined by ultrasound, 91% had clinical confirmation of the ultrasonic findings, and in 39% of the cases, unsuspected conditions were diagnosed. All of the unconfirmed findings occurred through inability to distinguish inguinal adenopathy from inguinal abscesses. PMID- 6221411 TI - [Basic methodological approaches and technology for development of the comprehensive program for scientific-technical progress in public health]. PMID- 6221412 TI - [Increasing the effectiveness of physician training]. PMID- 6221413 TI - [Social and preventive medicine--a basis for specialization and advanced training of physicians]. PMID- 6221414 TI - [History of public health in South Osetia]. PMID- 6221415 TI - [40th anniversary of the Military Medical Museum]. PMID- 6221416 TI - [Tasks of the public health authorities and institutions of Kazakhstan with regard to health plan implementation]. PMID- 6221417 TI - Signs and symbols: the 1982 survey of use. PMID- 6221418 TI - Mode of action of 5-fluorocytosine and 5-fluorouracil in dematiaceous fungi. AB - The mode of action of 5-fluorocytosine (5FC) and 5-fluorouracil (5FU) in dematiaceous fungi was studied and compared with results of experiments in yeasts and Aspergillus species. In dematiaceous fungi 5FU is more potent than 5FC. The high activity of 5FU is related to a good and rapid uptake of this compound into the fungus cell. Both compounds exert fungistatic and fungicidal activity. A correlation exists between the amount of 5FU incorporated into RNA and its antifungal activity. The resistance frequency to 5FC varies from 2 x 10(-3) to 1 x 10(-7); resistance frequency to 5FU is generally lower. Addition of 5FC and 5FU to logarithmically multiplying cells inhibits increases of cell numbers and cell constituents after a delay period. The effects on the increase of protein and carbohydrate are more delayed than on the increase of DNA and RNA, indicating unbalanced growth. The concept of a dual biochemical mechanism, i.e. incorporation of 5FU into RNA and formation of 5-fluorodeoxy UMP leading to inhibition of DNA synthesis, previously proposed for the antifungal action of 5FC is also applicable to the action of 5FC and 5FU on the dematiaceous fungi. PMID- 6221420 TI - [Mutation of Streptococcus mutans. 1. A mutant without the major virulent factor]. PMID- 6221419 TI - Association of auxotypes of Neisseria gonorrhoeae and susceptibility to penicillin G, spectinomycin, tetracycline, cefaclor, cefoxitin, and moxalactam. AB - Isolates of Neisseria gonorrhoeae from 304 patients attending a venereal disease clinic were examined by a plate dilution method for their susceptibility to six antibiotics: penicillin G, spectinomycin, tetracycline, cefaclor, cefoxitin, and moxalactam. The isolates were also characterized by gonococcal auxotyping. The most frequent auxotypes were Nonrequiring, 58%; Pro-, 14%; Pro- Arg (Orn*) Ura-, 14%; Arg- Hyx- Ura-, 6%; and a miscellaneous group consisting of 8% of the isolates. If the entire group of isolates were examined, moxalactam was the most active of the antibiotics; 94% of the isolates were inhibited by less than or equal to 0.25 microgram/ml. The Pro- Arg (Orn*) Ura- isolates were relatively resistant to penicillin G and cefoxitin. The Arg- Hyx- Ura- group of isolates was the most susceptible of the auxotypes to all of the antibiotics except spectinomycin. The uncommon auxotype Arg (Orn*) Ura- has a requirement for arginine that is satisfied by citrulline but not by ornithine. The results of the present study indicate that the nutritional requirements of gonococci may be associated with their response to certain antibiotics. PMID- 6221421 TI - Actuarial cost estimates for OASDI and HI and for various possible changes in OASDI. AB - This article, Appendix K to the Report of the National Commission on Social Security Reform, presents actuarial cost estimates for possible revisions to the Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance (OASDI) and Health Insurance (HI) programs. These projected alternatives cover major options for resolving both the short-range and long-range financing problems of the OASDI program. Long-range costs are expressed as percentages of taxable payroll. (Pages 1 through 55 of Appendix K are reprinted here. Space constraints do not permit the inclusion of the last 34 pages, which are tables of historical data for the OASDI and HI programs. Tables containing much the same information can be found in annual OASDI and HI Trustees Reports and in the 1981 Annual Statistical Supplement to the Social Security Bulletin.) PMID- 6221422 TI - Social security trends and developments in industrialized countries. AB - In the industrialized countries, there has been much discussion on the short- and long-range financing problems of their social security programs. Prolonged unfavorable economic conditions triggered by the oil price shocks of the 1970's and negative demographic trends have caused many of these countries to adapt their social security programs in an effort to maintain financial stability. System modifications that have occurred abroad over the past 10 years have centered primarily on changes in financing, adjustments for inflation, measures to slow down increases in health care expenditures, and steps to promote the hiring of the unemployed. This article examines some of the significant changes that have taken place in the social security programs of the Western European countries, Australia, Canada, Israel, and Japan since 1971. PMID- 6221423 TI - Portable dental chair. PMID- 6221424 TI - Self-injurious behavior: management for dental treatment. PMID- 6221425 TI - Balloon occlusion of traumatic vertebral arteriovenous fistula. PMID- 6221426 TI - Extradural compression by guinea worm. PMID- 6221427 TI - Comparative evaluation of synthetic meshes used for abdominal wall replacement. AB - The lack of adequate fascia for closure of large hernias and traumatic abdominal wall defects has led to a search for suitable fascial substitutes. In this study closure of rabbit abdominal wall defects with knitted polypropylene, knitted polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), and molded polyglactin mesh was evaluated for bursting strength, fibrous tissue incorporation, and inflammatory reaction. Full thickness, inch-square defects in the abdominal walls of rabbits were closed with use of the synthetic meshes, and similar defects in the contralateral abdominal walls were closed with a vascularized flap of external oblique fascia (control flaps). The animals were sacrificed at 3 and 12 weeks, the abdominal walls were removed, and the bursting strength of the grafts and control flaps was determined with a tissue tensometer. Polypropylene and PTFE meshes were similar in bursting strength and not greatly different from controls at 3 and 12 weeks. At 3 weeks polyglactin mesh had a bursting strength comparable to that of control flaps but at 12 weeks was significantly weaker. Fibrous tissue incorporation within the mesh fibers was better with PTFE mesh than with polypropylene mesh. Adequate fibrous tissue incorporation into polyglactin mesh before hydrolysis did not occur, making it an unsatisfactory material for use for permanent abdominal wall replacement. PMID- 6221428 TI - Blue toe syndrome--a warning sign of unsuspected vascular injury. AB - A case report is presented of a young patient involved in a motor vehicle accident, who initially demonstrated no physical or radiologic evidence of thoracic injury. Six weeks later the patient was noted to have two blue toes. Arteriography done at that time demonstrated a previously unsuspected false aneurysm of the descending thoracic aorta. An embolic event in a patient with a history of major trauma should be considered a strong indication for arteriographic evaluation of the proximal arterial system. PMID- 6221429 TI - Femoropopliteal composite bypass grafts. PMID- 6221431 TI - Thymolipoma simulating cardiomegaly: use of computed tomography in diagnosis. PMID- 6221430 TI - Dual effect of prostaglandin E2 on normal airways smooth muscle in vivo. PMID- 6221432 TI - Endocrine and metabolic studies in unstable cor pulmonale. AB - Serum testosterone, follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinising hormone, and dihydro-epiandrosterone concentrations rose significantly in seven men studied during recovery from a severe exacerbation of chronic obstructive airways disease. Urinary 17-ketosteroids also rose significantly though serum androstenedione and prolactin concentrations did not. Our findings suggest that hypoxia in this condition suppresses the hypothalamus or pituitary or both and that such suppression is reversible. In view of previous reports of increase in total body potassium and intracellular water with recovery from cor pulmonale, we also carried out metabolic studies on our patients. Low body potassium concentrations in cor pulmonale fell further with recovery, in part reflecting a fall in lean body tissue. Intracellular water appeared to increase on recovery despite a fall in other lean body mass indices (the simplest and most reliable being skinfold thickness). We suspect this result to be spurious and due to problems with equilibration in isotope dilution. Alternatively it may reflect waterlogging of cells. A false figure for intracellular water could be responsible for an unexpectedly low estimated intracellular potassium concentration on recovery. Our results cast doubt on isotope dilution methods for measuring body water compartments in disease states likely to cause changes in cell permeability. PMID- 6221433 TI - Hemodynamic and platelet response to the bolus intravenous administration of porcine heparin. AB - There is considerable evidence that under some conditions intravenous heparin infusion may cause or at least enhance platelet aggregation in vivo. Reports of heparin-induced vasodilatation and decreases in arterial blood pressure have not been accompanied by simultaneous observations of the platelet response. In this study both the hemodynamic and platelet response to the bolus administration of porcine intestinal mucosa sodium heparin were monitored in 24 cardiac and 12 vascular surgery patients. Mean arterial blood pressure decreased 7.1 +/- 0.8 mmHg as a result of a 247 +/- 34 dyne X sec/cm5 decrease in systemic vascular resistance. Platelet count, platelet volume distribution, and beta thromboglobulin levels did not change with heparin infusion. These responses did not differ when comparing the 155 unit/kg group and the 400 unit/kg group or the 400 unit/kg groups treated with different commercial preparations. The single patient who did have a decrease in platelet count and a severe rise in beta thromboglobulin with heparin died intraoperatively of a massive myocardial infarction. Large increases in platelet factor 4 with heparin administration were not associated with platelet release but were dependent on whether or not the patient was treated with preoperative subcutaneous or intravenous heparin. There was no evidence that heparin-induced vasodilatation was mediated by platelet aggregation and release. PMID- 6221434 TI - The inhibition by plasma of urokinase and tissue activator-induced fibrinolysis in pregnancy and the puerperium. AB - The activity of urokinase and tissue activator on fibrin plates was inhibited by plasma from women in the third trimester of pregnancy to a greater extent than by non-pregnant plasma. Pregnancy also inhibited the amidolytic activity of urokinase. The high molecular weight fractions of pregnancy plasma gel filtered on Sephadex G-200 showed comparable inhibitory activity against urokinase as fractions for non-pregnant plasma; in contrast with non-pregnant plasma, the lower molecular weight fractions of pregnancy plasma were markedly inhibitory against urokinase. Plasma exposed to lysine-Sepharose to remove plasminogen and then fractionated on Sephadex G-100 provided a pattern of three areas of inhibition against tissue activator similar to that seen in non-pregnant plasma. The urokinase-inhibitory activity of lower molecular weight fractions of plasma separated on Sephadex G-200 fell within 1 hr of delivery and fell further over the following 18 to 30 hr. PMID- 6221435 TI - Intracoronary platelet release in patients with and without coronary artery disease. AB - Intracoronary platelet release of beta-thromboglobulin (BTG) was measured in 18 patients with a history of chest pain by analysis of aortic and coronary sinus blood samples in rest and during atrial pacing. Eleven proved to have coronary artery disease, while seven had normal coronary arteriograms and served as controls. In both groups no statistically significant transmyocardial gradient of platelet and plasma BTG content was observed under basal conditions, although the aortic plasma BTG levels in the patients (60.4 +/- 4.1 ng/ml) were significantly (p less than 0.05) higher than in the controls (47.5 +/- 2.6 ng/ml). However, also during atrial pacing no significant gradient could be demonstrated in the patients nor in the controls. It is concluded, that in stable coronary artery disease measurable intracoronary platelet release does not occur in rest nor atrial pacing and, therefore, does not seem to contribute to the development of exercise-induced myocardial ischaemia. PMID- 6221437 TI - Storage of platelets for tests of platelet function: effects of pH on platelet aggregation and liberation of beta-thromboglobulin. AB - Platelet aggregation responses are influenced by conditions of storage of platelet-rich plasma (PRP). The aim of the present study was to further define the necessity for pH control during storage of PRP for tests of platelet function. Aliquots of citrated PRP were maintained at different pH levels by alteration of the CO2 content of the atmosphere in an incubation chamber. At intervals over 2-2 1/2 hours, plasma beta-thromboglobulin and 14C-serotonin were measured as well as platelet aggregation induced by ADP and collagen. At each time a dose response curve was studied for aliquots stored at each pH level. When two aliquots were maintained at different pH levels in the range 6.85-7.90, there was a significant increase in aggregation at the higher pH, even when the pH difference was as small as 0.2 units. In this range, pH did not influence the rate of deterioration of the aggregation response, but when pH was above 8.0, there was marked deterioration of the response. Increased pH was associated with an increase in plasma levels of beta-thromboglobulin and 14C-serotonin, which was more marked when pH was above 8.0. It appears that increases in pH are harmful to platelets and even small pH changes should be avoided during storage of platelet rich plasma for tests of platelet function. PMID- 6221436 TI - The sex-related differences in aspirin pharmacokinetics in rabbits and man and its relationship to antiplatelet effects. AB - There are a number of reports which suggest that the antithrombotic effect of aspirin is limited to males. It is unclear whether this effect is due to sex related differences in the effect of aspirin on platelets, the vessel wall, or the pharmacokinetics of aspirin. To test these possibilities we examined the sex related differences in (1) vessel wall PGI2 release and its inhibition by and recovery from aspirin in rabbits; (2) the effects of aspirin on platelet aggregation, thromboxane B2 and beta-thromboglobulin (BTG) release in man, and (3) the pharmacokinetic characteristics of aspirin, in both rabbits and man. Vascular wall PGI2 measured as 6-keto-PGF1 alpha, was not different in male and females rabbits, and was inhibited to a similar extent by identical concentrations of aspirin. The duration of this inhibitory effect was also the same in males and females. The pattern of inhibition of collagen-induced platelet aggregation, and collagen-induced thromboxane B2 and BTG release by aspirin were not different in either sex. There was, however, a sex-related difference in a number of pharmacokinetic characteristics of aspirin both in rabbits and man. Thus, aspirin was absorbed more rapidly, distributed in larger apparent volume and was hydrolysed more rapidly in females. These observations suggest that the sex-related differences in the antithrombotic effects of aspirin seen in clinical studies are not due to differences in the effects of aspirin on the inhibition of platelet function mediated by the inhibition of cyclo-oxygenase in either the platelet or the vessel wall. An effect of aspirin on platelet function independent of the inhibition of cyclo-oxygenase has been described and it is possible that this effect may be influenced by sex-related differences in the pharmacokinetics of aspirin. PMID- 6221438 TI - [Possible legal problems in families with Huntington's disease]. PMID- 6221439 TI - New recombinants within the MHC (B-complex) of the chicken. AB - In a search for genetic recombinations within the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) of the chicken, the B-complex, the offspring from matings between heterozygous B15/B21 and B4/B6 animals were analysed by red cell agglutination. Among the progeny, 8,912 informative typings were performed. Four recombinants were found, all separating the B-complex loci B-F and B-G (B-F codes for Class I antigens, B-G codes for an antigen of which there is no known homologue in mammals). B-L (Class II antigen) always followed B-F. Stimulation in graft versus host reactions and in mixed lymphocyte cultures followed B-F/B-L. The mapping distance between the two loci B-F and B-G is in the range of 0.04 centimorgan. The lack of recombinants separating individual B-F loci in this study and in the studies of others might indicate that chicken MHC is less complex than those of mammalian species, but alternative explanations are also possible. So far no serologically defined recombinant separating Class I (B-F) and Class II (B-L) loci has been found. PMID- 6221440 TI - HLA-D and -DR antigens on human amniotic fluid cells. I. Lack of expression of HLA-D. AB - Human amniotic fluid cells, known to express HLA-A, -B, and -C antigens, were tested for the presence of lymphocyte-stimulating antigens (LD or HLA-D) using modifications of the mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC) and primed lymphocyte typing (PLT) tests. Peripheral blood lymphocytes were co-cultured with various concentrations of allogeneic amniotic fluid cells, either growing as a monolayer culture in microtiter plates or suspended in medium following treatment with trypsin. The kinetics of such mixed lymphocyte amniotic fluid cell culture (MLAC) reactions were followed during days 3 to 8. Under none of these conditions did amniotic fluid cells significantly stimulate allogeneic lymphocytes, even after lymphocytes were specifically primed in the PLT assay to the HLA-D antigens segregating in the family of the amniotic fluid cell donor. Furthermore, in three cell experiments, amniotic fluid cells failed to inhibit an ongoing MLC reaction, indicating that the absence of proliferative response to amniotic fluid cells is not due to active suppression. Taken together, these data strongly suggest that amniotic fluid cells either do not express HLA-D antigens or do not express them in a form that is detectable in either primary or secondary MLC. PMID- 6221441 TI - [Epidemiological characteristics of measles in mass vaccine prophylaxis and the prospects for its eradication]. PMID- 6221442 TI - [Approaches to an epidemiological survey of meningococcal infection]. PMID- 6221443 TI - [Microbiological characteristics of meningococcal infection in 1970-1980]. PMID- 6221444 TI - [Combined prevention of influenza using inactivated influenza vaccine and remantadine in organized collectives of adults]. PMID- 6221445 TI - [Organization of measures to prevent hospital suppurative-septic diseases in Leningrad obstetrical hospitals]. PMID- 6221446 TI - [Hospital suppurative-inflammatory diseases in the pediatric urology department]. PMID- 6221447 TI - [Epidemiological characteristics of acute intestinal infections in the northwestern region of the RSFSR]. PMID- 6221448 TI - [Epidemiological assessment of the role of vegetables and fruit in the spread of dysentery in Leningrad]. PMID- 6221449 TI - [Epidemiological data on urban intestinal yersiniasis]. PMID- 6221450 TI - [Evolution of the epidemic process in viral hepatitis in Leningrad in the last 30 years]. PMID- 6221451 TI - [Patterns in the development of foci of streptococcal infection in children's collectives and an assessment of measures in scarlatina foci]. PMID- 6221452 TI - [Aspects of medical history in Japan from the 16th to the 19th century and the sojourn of the Japanese author and physician Oga Mori in Germany 1884-1888]. PMID- 6221453 TI - [A curious operation by Erasistratus or: what does "ventrem deducere" mean?]. PMID- 6221454 TI - [Lectures on medicine in Islam]. PMID- 6221455 TI - Resistance of T suppressor cells to cyclophosphamide administration in total lymphoid-irradiated mice. AB - The effect of administration of cyclophosphamide (Cy) on the susceptibility of mice to tolerance induction and its influence on the rate of induced T suppressor cells in antigen-specific and nonspecific systems was assessed using mice that had undergone total lymphoid irradiation (TLI). Tolerance to bovine serum albumin (BSA) was induced in adult mice conditioned by a short course of fractionated total lymphoid irradiation with an injection of nondeaggregated BSA; Cy was administered upon termination of TLI, two days prior to administration of the tolerizing antigen. Susceptibility to tolerance induction and rate of induced T suppressor cells were assessed one month later. Cy-treated TLI mice and mice treated with TLI alone did not respond to a challenge with DNP-BSA in complete Freund's adjuvant, whereas a good response was obtained to an unrelated protein antigen. The induced T suppressor cell rate was measured by inhibition of a secondary anti DNP-BSA response in an adoptive transfer system. The rate of non antigen-specific T suppressor cells was measured by inhibition of the mixed leukocyte reaction with Concanavalin A-induced T suppressor cells obtained from spleen cells of TLI-treated, or Cy-treated mice, or those given both treatments. The results reveal that Cy treatment of TLI-conditioned mice does not reduce the rate of induced of T suppressor cells in antigen-specific and antigen-nonspecific systems. PMID- 6221456 TI - Cellular and humoral suppressor activity induced by concanavalin A-stimulated human fetal liver cells. AB - Incubation of human fetal liver cells (HFLC), obtained from 8-12-week-old fetuses, with mitogenic doses of Concanavalin A (Con A) resulted in generation of a population that could suppress alloantigen-induced lymphoproliferation. The supernatant media in which these cells were activated suppressed DNA synthesis, both in mitogen and alloantigen induced peripheral blood lymphocyte cultures. Suppression was achieved only when the Con A-activated cells or the supernatants were added during the early stages of sensitization. Treatment of the cells with mitomycin C after Con A activation did not alter their ability to mediate suppression. This study indicates the presence of suppressor or presuppressor cells in the liver in the early period of fetal life. If the suppressor activity of HFLC in vitro is also induceable in vivo, it may contribute to the fetal defense mechanism against maternal rejection. PMID- 6221457 TI - Low-density mononuclear cells. Potent stimulators of the human MLR. AB - We have applied purification strategies similar to those used to purify murine dendritic cells to human peripheral blood in an attempt to enrich for stimulators of the human mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR). Equilibrium density centrifugation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells yields a population of low density cells that are potent stimulators of a human MLR. The stimulator cells are Dr+, nonlymphocytic, and weakly adherent. Strongly adherent monocytes, also present in the low-density cell population, do not stimulate a human MLR. This contrasts with other human MLR studies that ascribe stimulatory activity to adherent monocytes, and it indicates functional and morphological heterogeneity among monocytes. PMID- 6221458 TI - Analysis of alloreactive and cytotoxic canine lymphocytes and their precursors with murine monoclonal antibodies. AB - Four murine monoclonal antibodies were used in cytolytic assays to identify cell populations involved in canine T cell effector functions. Antibody DT-2, directed at T cells, and antibody DLy-6, a panlymphocyte antibody, inhibited mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC) responses and cytotoxic lymphocyte (CTL) activity only when lymphocytes were treated before culture (day 0), but they had no significant effect on these functions when cells were treated after 6 days in culture. Antibody DLy-1, reacting with canine lymphocytes and monocytes, abrogated MLC responses and CTL activity when responder cells were treated on day 0. When cells were treated after 6 days in culture, MLC responses were reduced to 47% of control, whereas CTL activity increased slightly. In contrast, the anti-Ia antibody 7.2 significantly reduced MLC responses and CTL activity of cells treated on either day 0 or day 6 of culture, suggesting that canine CTL express Ia antigens. PMID- 6221459 TI - [Contribution of hereditary factors to the variability of growth at different stages of individual development (twin studies)]. AB - A study of monozygotic and dizygotic twins from the moment of their birth till 13 years of age showed that differences in twin genesis and conditions of prenatal development exert no statistically significant influence on formation of average indices. At different stages of ontogenesis contribution of the genetic determinant estimated by index H was different as to a degree of manifestation, directivity (+; -) sex-dependent peculiarities of realization. PMID- 6221460 TI - [Effect of rapid freezing on the functional state of rat heart mitochondria]. AB - As evidenced by respiration, oxidative phosphorylation, ATPase and NADH-oxidase activities, mitochondria composing heart tissue slices are more damaged by freezing-thawing than isolated mitochondria. A change in the functional activity of mitochondria is manifested in an increased respiratory rate in the second metabolic state and decreased respiratory rate in the third metabolic state upon oxidation of succinate and alpha-ketoglutarate; the ability of mitochondria to synthetize ATP (inhibition of the respiratory control) varied and the ATPase and NADH-oxidase activities increased. These changes in the functional state of mitochondria appeared to be due to a rise of the proton conductivity of the inner mitochondrial membrane by freezing-thawing. PMID- 6221461 TI - [What do we know about occupational backache?]. PMID- 6221462 TI - [Disability during the years 1946-79 among members of the Danish resistance movement deported to German concentration camps]. PMID- 6221463 TI - [Deep venous thrombosis in patients with acute myocardial infarction diagnosed by the 99mTc-plasmin test]. PMID- 6221464 TI - [Subfascial phlegmon and gangrene of the anterior abdominal wall, genital organs and thigh]. PMID- 6221465 TI - [Determination of zearalenone in grains using high pressure liquid chromatography]. AB - The determination of zearalenone content in cereals (maize, wheat and barley) was performed by means of liquid chromatography using the Czechoslovak-made apparatus. This method enables to determine this mycotoxin up to the concentration of 8 micrograms per 1 kg of grain with the accuracy exceeding +/- 9%. PMID- 6221466 TI - Avian laparoscopy and dosing exotic species. PMID- 6221468 TI - Studies on the replication of Escherichia coli phage lambda DNA. I. The kinetics of DNA replication and requirements for the generation of rolling circles. AB - Escherichia coli phage lambda DNA has been isolated from infected bacteria using a new technique by which virtually all phage DNA is recovered. Isolated DNA is examined by electron microscopy. Addition of phi X174 RF1 molecules as a counting standard enables us to determine the average number of lambda DNA molecules present in an infected cell. In this study, we have followed the kinetics of lambda DNA replication and examined rolling circle replication. The most important findings are the following: (1) Rolling circle replication is initiated at roughly the same time as is theta replication, indicating that the rolling circle is not solely a late-replicating form. (2) theta replication stops at about 16 min after infection. (3) Early in infection the number of DNA molecules per cell doubles every 2-3 min until theta replication stops, at which point most DNA synthesis consists of growth of the tails of about three rolling circles per cell. (4) Neither the timing of rolling circle replication nor the number of molecules is affected by the activity of the lambda red genes. (5). The red genes are responsible for the production of oligomeric circles late in infection. PMID- 6221467 TI - [Pharmacological and toxicological studies of Amopen powder in lambs]. AB - The oral administration of amopen pulvis (containing 5 per cent amoxicillin trihydrate) led to the rapid resorption and elimination of amoxicillin as a constituent of the drug formula. Resorption was found to depend on the development of the forestomach. In weaned lambs it was twice as low than in sucking lambs. The antibiotic was retained in bacteriostatic concentrations up to the twelfth hour in sucking lambs and up to the tenth hour in weaned lambs following the application of 0.5, resp., 0.7 g/kg mass, corresponding to the rates of 0.015 and 0.025 g/kg mass so far as amoxicillin trihydrate was concerned. Fivefold higher doses applied to lambs did not lead to essential changes in the general state, hemoglobin value, and blood picture. PMID- 6221470 TI - [Changes in the cardio-vascular system in chronic kidney failure]. PMID- 6221469 TI - Sequence analysis of fowl plague virus mutant ts47 reveals a nonsense mutation in the NS1 gene. AB - A mutant of fowl plague virus, ts47, induces the synthesis in infected cells of a truncated NS1 polypeptide at both permissive and restrictive temperatures. Nucleotide sequence analysis of the segment coding for the NS1 polypeptide, segment 8, indicates that this aberration is due to a nonsense mutation. This mutation occurs in the region of the NS1 gene which overlaps with the NS2 gene and there is a corresponding amino acid substitution in the NS2 polypeptide. While it is not clear which polypeptide is responsible for the thermal instability of ts47, the loss of the COOH-terminal 28 amino acid residues from the NS1 polypeptide does not affect replication of the virus at permissive temperatures. PMID- 6221471 TI - [Vectorcardiographic diagnosis of myocardial infarction]. PMID- 6221472 TI - [Androgen-producing adrenal adenoma in an 18 year-old woman: diagnosis by gas chromatographic steroid analysis, histology and postoperative course]. AB - Gas-chromatographic analysis of the urinary steroids in an 18 year-old girl with primary amenorrhoea and hirsutism revealed markedly elevated excretion of androsterone, etiocholanolone, dehydroepiandrosterone, and androstendiole, both under basal conditions and after oral dexamethasone (0.5 mg q.i.d. for three days). Adrenal scintigraphy revealed the presence of a tumour of the right adrenal gland, which was subsequently removed by unilateral adrenalectomy. Histologically, the tumour showed marked anisocytosis, but since there was no evidence of capsular or angioinvasion or of mitotic activity, it was classified as an adrenocortical adenoma. Postoperatively the patient showed regression of the virilizing syndrome and normal menstrual bleeding. Urinary steroid excretion has remained normal for four years after adrenalectomy. Androgen-producing tumours must be considered as a possible cause of hirsutism in young females and should, thus, be excluded in each case. Analysis of urinary steroids by gas chromatography is a valuable tool in accomplishing this task. PMID- 6221473 TI - [Remarks on the disease status of rehabilitated persons who worked in a protected work situation in the district of Nordhausen]. PMID- 6221474 TI - [Local treatment of rosacea with imidazole derivatives]. AB - Reports about a good effectiveness of systemic therapy of papular rosacea with metronidazole stimulated us to investigate the value of a local treatment 1) with metronidazole mixed in Ungt. emulsific. aquosum, 2) some other available imidazole-derivative-cremes, 3) a new agent bifonazole. The last substance had a better effectiveness than the others, but the results with all these preparations were well enough to recommend them even in lower concentrations for local treatment of papular rosacea. PMID- 6221475 TI - [Report of experiences with the clinical trial of a liquid erythromycin containing topical solution for the treatment of acne]. PMID- 6221476 TI - [Clinical aspects, course and prognosis of various forms of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy]. AB - To characterize the different types of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy [typical (subaortic) hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM) (n = 235), atypical (midventricular or apical) HOCM (n = 33), and hypertrophic nonobstructive cardiomyopathy (HNCM) (n = 85)], studies of the clinical picture, course, and prognosis were performed in 353 patients. Clinical picture. There were found to be distinct differences between the diseases in terms of incidence, symptoms, findings at auscultation, carotid pulse tracings, ECG (incidence of abnormal negative T-waves), and echocardiography. Echochardiography proved to be diagnostically less specific than invasive methods, however, and in particular often failed to distinguish between atypical HOCM and HNCM. Clinical course. There was no evidence of a change from one form of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy to the other. The Sokolow-Lyon index in the ECG did not increase in any group. The rate of complications (endocarditis, systemic emboli) varied between 0.61 and 1.28 events per 100 patient years. Only 7.4%-23.5% of patients with HOCM improved as a result of conservative treatment, compared to 83%-87.5% of surgical patients. In addition, the rate of postoperative syncope was reduced by 90%. Prognosis. 90 patients were operated on. Operative mortality in typical HOCM was 4.5% over the last 5 years. If this is disregarded, the cumulative survival rates are significantly higher in surgical patients with typical HOCM than in those treated conservatively. The data confirm surgical treatment to be the therapy of choice in patients with HOCM refractory to conservative treatment. The prognosis seems to be improved by operation. PMID- 6221477 TI - Elucidation of the different effects of polyamines and other naturally-occurring inhibitors of cell proliferation (chalones) on T-lymphocyte and granulocyte colony growth in vitro. AB - Using T-lymphocyte and granulocyte colony assays with truly proliferating cells the effects of the polyamine spermine and of other naturally-occurring inhibitors of cell proliferation have been differentiated. It has been confirmed that spermine, in the presence of fetal calf serum, is a potent inhibitor of cell proliferation. This inhibition could be reversed by the addition of either 3 hydroxybenzyl-oxyamine or 4-bromo-3-hydroxybenzyl-oxyamine, both of which are inhibitors of the polyamine oxidase. In comparison, fractions isolated from calf thymus were shown to inhibit lymphocyte, but not granulocyte colony growth, indicating their tissue specificity and lymphocyte chalone activity. Further this inhibition was not reversed by polyamine oxidase inhibitors demonstrating that polyamines were not the inhibitory principles in this preparation. PMID- 6221478 TI - [The operative restoration of displaced spinal nerves (sulcusation) and its importance for the treatment of painful spinal syndromes]. PMID- 6221479 TI - [Chronic recurring lumboischialgias and neuralgias. Experiences with carbamazepine]. PMID- 6221480 TI - [Handicaps and morbidity in elderly patients in general practice]. PMID- 6221481 TI - [Prevention of occupational dermatoses due to exposure to alloyed steels]. PMID- 6221482 TI - [Experience in the rehabilitation of children with neurodermatitis at Anapa health resort]. PMID- 6221485 TI - Influence of diluting fluids and exposure to the air on the viability of the anaerobic bacterial flora of the mouse cecum. PMID- 6221484 TI - [Experimental plasmin arthritis]. AB - It is known, that plasmin is capable of specifically activating the complement factors C1 q and C3. In addition plasmin can activate procollagenase to collagenase. Since both mechanisms could possibly play a decisive role in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis, we have carried out animal experiments to investigate the primary role of plasmin in the development of arthritis. Twenty two rabbits were subjected to intraarticular injection with an equal dose of plasmin on days 1, 4, and 8. An aspirate was taken on day 9 for a white cell count and a histological investigation of the synovial tissue. Already after a single dose of 0.25 CU plasmin an inflammatory reaction was clearly observed. Increasing amounts of plasmin (2.5 and 12.5 CU) caused an increased inflammatory response. On the basis of these results, it is discussed whether the observed arthritic reaction after plasmin injection is caused by complement activation. Possible analogies with rheumatoid arthritis are discussed. PMID- 6221486 TI - [Immunoglobulin G2a levels in SPF rats. 3. Selection of samples for quality control with special reference to the neonatal group]. PMID- 6221487 TI - [Decision making activity with children and adolescents]. PMID- 6221488 TI - [Pediatric stomatology and cooperation with the pediatrician]. PMID- 6221489 TI - [Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of the subclavian artery]. AB - In 1981, percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) of the subclavian artery was performed in 10 patients. 8 stenotic lesions were localized in the first segment and two in the third segment respectively. Dilatation was performed with the Gruntzig balloon-catheter ranging from 4 to 7 French. PTA was successful in 9 of the 10 cases. Success of dilatation was documented by recording blood pressure, normalization in the pre- and poststenotic segment and by clinical results. Success of PTA depends on exact angiographic studies, adequate indication and subsequent anticoagulation treatment. Early results after PTA are excellent. PTA of stenotic subclavian arteries has proved an alternative to surgical management. PMID- 6221490 TI - Experimental bacteriophage set for typing Staphylococcus intermedius. AB - A new phage set for typing Staphylococcus intermedius is proposed. By using 14 phages, 581 strains isolated from dogs, pigeons, horses, foxes and mink were subjected to typing at routine test dilution (RTD) and 100 X RTD. The typability of each ecovar ranged from 78.9% to 100%. Most of the strains were typable at RTD. Phage patterns obtained could be divided into 4 types (Canine I, Canine II, Pigeon, and Equine). The phage set was considered useful for typing S. intermedius. PMID- 6221491 TI - [The significance of laparoscopic examination in acute adnexitis for bacteriological diagnosis]. AB - Cultures of abdominal bioptic material from 102 cases of acute pelvic inflammatory disease diagnosed laparoscopically revealed that anaerobes were involved in 42.2% of the cases; 18.6% of the cultures were sterile. There were no signs that anaerobes predominate in cases, in which an abscess has already formed. The proportion of predominantly polymicrobial multiple infections was 54.2%, the remaining 45.8% of the cases involving mono-microbial infection. Scrutiny of the abdominal and cervical distribution of the germs in 42 of our female patients confirmed that cervical smears are inadequate for detecting the causal germ involved in a case of acute pelvic laparoscopy it seems advisable to use abdominal cultures of tissue taken from the locality of the inflammation in order to identify exactly the causal germ and to test these cultures also for anaerobes and gonococci. PMID- 6221492 TI - [Problems of the epidemiology of viral hepatitis in Ryazan Province]. AB - The analysis of some features of the course of the epidemic process of viral hepatitis on the territory of the Ryazan region is presented. Periodic rises and falls in viral hepatitis morbidity, varying in their regularity (4-6 years), have been registered in the region. The general level and the seasonal distribution of viral hepatitis morbidity are determined by the morbidity rate among children, the increase in the proportion of children of senior school age being observed in recent years. PMID- 6221493 TI - [Organization and evaluation of the effectiveness of emergency prophylaxis and early treatment of influenza with remantadine in Serevodvinsk]. AB - The complex system of influenza control was introduced into practice at the public health institutions of Severodvinsk in 1976-1980. The effectiveness of the urgent prophylaxis and early treatment of influenza with remantadin, one of the most important elements of this system, was evaluated. The use of remantadin for the early and preventive treatment (urgent prophylaxis) of influenza among the population of the city decreased influenza morbidity 1.7-1.85 times, reduced the duration of the main clinical symptoms of the disease and sick leaves, the frequency of post-influenza complications, as well as the number of visitations of the sick by physicians. PMID- 6221494 TI - [Detection of a Na+-activated, furosemide-inhibited ATPase activity in rat intestinal mucosa]. AB - An ouabain-insensitive, Mg++-dependent, Na+-stimulated ATPase activity which is inhibited by furosemide was found in mucosal homogenate of rat small intestine. The subcellular localization of this ATPase activity was studied by means of isolated purified brush borders and basolateral plasma membranes. The results suggest a nearly identical distribution of Na+-activated and (Na+K+)-activated ATPase within the epithelial cells. Under conditions of alloxan and streptozotocin diabetes an increase of both ATPase activities can be found only in the basolateral plasma membranes. These observations agree well with the convective model of intestinal absorption. PMID- 6221495 TI - Venous emptying from the calf. Methodologic report and effect of intermittent pneumatic compression. AB - In 17 patients undergoing surgery for varicose veins of the leg, the elimination rate of 99Tcm-macroaggregated albumin from the calf of the contralateral leg was studied. The leg had no discernible varicosities. This substance has not previously been used in such a context. Its theoretical advantages are discussed. A mathematical method for interpreting the elimination rate is presented. Two modes of intermittent calf compression--a slow and a fast pattern--were compared, and also control group without compression. The elimination rate of the radioisotope was slower with compression than without. Possible interpretations and implications of this observation are discussed. PMID- 6221496 TI - Reversible inhibition of sperm production and gonadotrophin secretion in men following combined oral medroxyprogesterone acetate and percutaneous testosterone treatment. AB - Six men requesting male contraception received a daily oral dose of 20 mg medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) in combination with 50 or 100 mg percutaneous testosterone for 1 year. From the third month the sperm concentration was less than 10(6)/ml for all the men at one time or another during treatment, and usually less than 5 X 10(6)/ml, with an average reduction of 95% with respect to pre-treatment values. The sperm count returned to previous values 3-6 months after cessation of the treatment. While FSH and LH secretion was inhibited throughout the treatment period, plasma testosterone levels were not reduced. Oestradiol levels were unaffected while dihydrotestosterone was elevated. The secretory activity of the prostate and seminal vesicles was not appreciably affected; seminal carnitine concentration was reduced during the treatment with a subsequent return to pretreatment values. No pregnancies occurred during treatment. There was no impairment of libido in the subjects, nor any incidence of gynaecomastia, or increase in average body weight. The only observed metabolic side-effect was a moderate increase in glycaemia. A synergistic action of MPA and testosterone is proposed to explain the inhibition of gonadotrophin secretion. PMID- 6221498 TI - Fetal adrenal gland maturation in growth-retarded twin pregnancies. AB - Twenty-two twin pregnancies each with one growth-retarded and one normal twin fetus were examined to determine the effects of fetal growth retardation on the maturation of the adrenal gland with respect to cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEAS). The growth-retarded twin fetuses (IUGR) had lower umbilical arterial concentrations of DHEAS than their siblings (IUGR 5.25 +/- 2.4; non-IUGR 6.51 +/- 2.9 mumols/l; p less than 0.01), whereas cortisol concentrations were not statistically different (no labor, IUGR 1,134 +/- 751, non-IUGR 1,140 +/- 958 mumols/l; labor IUGR 2,062 +/- 929, non-IUGR 1,609 +/- 469 mumols/l). These data suggest that while the definitive zone of the fetal adrenal is as well-developed as in non-growth-retarded twins, the fetal zone shows reduced secretory capacity of delta 5-steroids. This supports the hypothesis that in growth retardation the adrenal gland shows features of increased maturation. PMID- 6221497 TI - 17-ketosteroid reductase deficiency in an adult patient without gynaecomastia but with female psychosexual orientation. AB - A 24 years old male with pseudohermaphroditism due to a deficiency in 17 ketosteroid reductase activity is described. Plasma delta 4 is 21 times higher than normal for an adult male, delta 4/T is greater than 6, both E1 and F2 are elevated and E1/E2 = 3. There is very slight modification of delta 4 on administration of ACTH, dexamethasone, hCG and fluoxymesterone. Steroid concentrations in the spermatic veins and arteries confirm the testicular origin of the increased secretion of delta 4 and E1 and show a lower secretion by the cryptorchidic testis. In vitro testicular tissue incubation and fibroblast studies confirm the 17-ketosteroid reductase deficiency and rule out any other anomaly as the cause of the ambiguous genitalia. Psychologically the patient seemed to be identified with a female social and sexual role in spite of her advanced degree of virilization. PMID- 6221499 TI - [Seasonal changes in the adenosine triphosphatase activity in the germinal cysts of the testis of the common frog Rana temporaria. An enzyme histochemical study]. AB - Calcium activated ATP-ase was studied enzymohistochemically in the testis of the common frog Rana temporaria during an annual reproduction cycle. The enzyme activity was localized in the follicle cells of the cyst wall, in the mature Sertoli cells, in germ cells and in the lamina propria of the seminiferous tubules. The maximum activity was recorded during the hibernation period, the cyst formation and the late maturation phase. The lowest activity was observed during the phases of spermiation and maturation of primary spermatocytes. The intensity of the ATP-ase reaction can be correlated with the seasonal changes during the spermatogenetic cycle of Rana temporaria. The role of ATP-ase in the permeability processes across the cyst wall, in the contractility of Sertoli cells and myoid cells of the lamina propria as well as in the release of sperms has been discussed. PMID- 6221500 TI - A longitudinal and comparative study of some structural and hormonal alterations in the endocrine pancreas of spontaneously diabetic and streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. AB - A comparative study of the endocrine pancreas was carried out in genetically diabetic (db) mice and in mice with streptozotocin-induced (Sz) diabetes over a 12-week period of pronounced diabetes. Mice were examined at 9, 12 and 21 weeks of age. Plasma and pancreatic levels of immunoreactive insulin and immunoreactive glucagon were measured in both experimental animal models, and the biochemical data obtained were correlated with ultrastructural observations on the endocrine pancreas. Both pancreatic and plasma immunoreactive insulin levels were severely depressed in all Sz mice. Although pancreatic immunoreactive insulin concentrations in db mice were consistently lower than control values, these animals displayed a hyperinsulinemia which gradually dropped to control levels by 21 weeks. Pancreatic immunoreactive glucagon levels in 12- and 21-week-old db mice were markedly lower than those found in either control or in Sz mice. However, both db and Sz mice in all age groups exhibited a marked and persistent hyperglucagonemia. Pancreatic islet tissue was examined concurrently in control and experimental animals. The ultrastructural changes occurring in the endocrine cells are reported and discussed with regard to the pancreatic and plasma levels of the hormones presently monitored and in light of other recent studies on these animal models. PMID- 6221501 TI - Metabolic pathways in chick amnion muscle. A cytochemical study. AB - By means of histochemical techniques different reactions were studied in the amnion musculature of the chick during their most active period of contractions between the 5th and the 9th days of incubation. The muscle cells showed strong activity for cholinesterase and glutamate dehydrogenase and low activity for monoaminoxidase. The glycogen, phosphorylase and UDPG-glycogen glycosyltransferase were negative. Whereas, lipids and enzymes involved in fat metabolism were positive. The supposed energy source of the amnion musculature is discussed. PMID- 6221502 TI - Carbonic anhydrase-III immunohistochemical localization in human skeletal muscle. AB - Using the indirect immunoperoxidase method, we studied the localization of carbonic anhydrase-III (CA-III) in frozen sections of biopsies of human skeletal muscle which had no definite pathology. CA-III was found to be localized in Type I muscle fibers when compared with serial sections stained with myosin ATPase and other reactions. Our finding was in accordance with the biochemical data so far reported. It was though that CA-III could be used as a marker for abnormal Type-I muscle fibers in several neuromuscular diseases. PMID- 6221503 TI - [Dental care for the handicapped in the Children's Orthopedic Hospital. (An extramural assistant-teaching experience)]. PMID- 6221504 TI - Bone scintigraphy in the evaluation of fracture of the carpal scaphoid bone. AB - The purpose of the present prospective study was to assess the value of 99m-Tc MDP wrist scintigraphy performed as a routine examination in excluding or detecting carpal scaphoid bone fracture. The following conclusions are drawn: 99m Tc-MDP wrist scintigraphy is of high sensitivity, but low specificity in the detection of scaphoid bone fractures. The scintigraphy is expedient to exclude scaphoid bone fracture, if performed after secondary clinical and radiographic assessment, and guided by negative scintigrams a reduction of clinical examinations, radiographies and superfluous casting days is achieved. PMID- 6221505 TI - The ontogeny of immunological receptors in the thymus. AB - Receptors for sheep erythrocytes, for the Fc part of IgG (Fc gamma R) and IgM (Fc mu R), and for components of activated human complement C3 (C3bR and C3dR) in thymus tissue from fetuses, infants and children were studied using haemadsorption to cryostat sections in a closed chamber. Sheep erythrocytes (SE) did not adhere to sections of thymus from fetuses at 10-11 weeks of gestation, adhered weakly between 14 and 20 weeks, while they adhered in a dense monolayer in older fetuses, in infants and in children, denser in the cortex than in the medulla. Ox erythrocytes (OE), sensitized with IgG to demonstrate Fc gamma R, adhered focally to both cortical and medullary areas. The adherence was more pronounced to the sections of fetal thymus than to the sections from infants and children. OE, sensitized with IgM to demonstrate Fc mu R, adhered focally to all thymus tissue sections, preferentially to the cortex. The adherence was most pronounced in fetal thymus. SE, sensitized with IgM and coated with complement, adhered to sections of fetal thymus, but the density decreased markedly during fetal life. Indicator cells demonstrating C3bR adhered focally also to sections from infants and children, while indicator cells demonstrating C3dR did not adhere to sections from individuals older than 38 weeks of gestation. Indicator cells demonstrating C3bR and C3dR adhered both to cortex and medulla. PMID- 6221506 TI - The needle biopsy technique for fibre type determination in human skeletal muscle -a methodological study. AB - The fibre type composition (type I, IIA and IIB) was determined in repeated needle biopsies from the vastus lateralis muscle of 34 healthy male subjects. Repeated biopsies were taken from one leg (n = 20), and from both legs (n = 14). The variation between duplicate biopsies was 6.2% and 12.3%, with regard to % type I-fibres, respectively. Corresponding variation in % type IIA-fibres was 4.4% and 7.3%, respectively, and in % type IIB-fibres 5.0% and 7.4%, respectively. The variation in fibre type distribution within a single biopsy was 2.2-3.0% when 200 fibres were classified and counted. Increasing the number of fibres did not reduce the calculated variation to any great extent. A major reduction of the methodological error is obtained when two biopsies are taken from the same site of the muscle. The error in the technique in classifying the type I-fibres was slight; the classification between the subgroups of type II fibres was, however, to some extent subjected to personal estimate. There was no consistent difference in fibre type composition between the right and the left leg. PMID- 6221507 TI - [Pharmacologic inhibition of the libido: therapy or repression? I. Pharmacologic aspects. Effect of sex hormones and in particular testosterone on male behavior. Effect of cyproterone acetate]. PMID- 6221508 TI - [Pharmacologic inhibition of the libido: therapy or repression? II. Clinical aspects]. AB - Some neuroleptic medicine or hormonal by-products may--partly or fully-as to the dose--inhibit the libido of the patients who ask for it themselves causing in this way a pharmacological castration, a temporary or permanent one, but which is always reversible when the therapy is stopped. These inhibiting treatments, which essentially apply to males, are particularly useful in the case of the hypersexual patients or in the case of second offenders. PMID- 6221509 TI - Peritoneoscopy of the liver after abdominal surgery. AB - The incidence of intraperitoneal adhesion after abdominal surgery was studied. Peritoneoscopy was performed in 933 patients with liver diseases over the 6 year 5 month period from March 1974 to July 1980. Of the patients, 352 (37.7%) had undergone an abdominal operation, and intraperitoneal adhesion was detected in 205 (58.2%) of these patients. The liver was not observable in 5 out of 61 patients with adhesions after upper abdominal operations. Whereas, the liver was clearly observable in patients with lower abdominal operations in spite of adhesions. Out of the 581 patients without any abdominal operations, 30 patients (5.2%) had adhesions in the abdominal cavity, and 6 of them had extensive adhesions that partially obscured the observation of liver surface. In all patients, peritoneoscopy was performed without complications by avoiding the surgical scar for puncture sites and ensuring a free air lumen before trocar puncture. PMID- 6221510 TI - [Treatment of salivary incontinence in handicapped children]. PMID- 6221511 TI - Thromboxane synthase as a cytochrome P450 enzyme. PMID- 6221512 TI - Metabolism of 8,11,14-icosatrienoic acid by fetal calf aorta. PMID- 6221513 TI - Quantitative aspects of prostacyclin metabolism in humans. PMID- 6221514 TI - Conjugated triene metabolites of arachidonic acid derived from dioxygenation at carbon-15: origin from eosinophil and mechanisms of biosynthesis. PMID- 6221516 TI - Subcellular localization of leukotriene-forming enzymes. PMID- 6221515 TI - Oxygenation of arachidonic acid into 8,11,12- and 10,11,12 trihydroxyeicosatrienoic acid by rat lung. PMID- 6221517 TI - Active transport of leukotrienes into rat hepatocytes. PMID- 6221518 TI - Biology of the C-6-sulfidopeptide leukotrienes. PMID- 6221519 TI - Specific inhibition and oxidative regulation of 5-lipoxygenase. PMID- 6221520 TI - Effects of 12-hydroxy- and 12-hydroperoxy-5,8,10,14-eicosatetraenoic acids on the synthesis of 5-hydroxy-6,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid and leukotriene B4 in human blood leukocytes. PMID- 6221521 TI - 5,6-methano leukotriene A4: a potent specific inhibitor for 5-lipoxygenase. PMID- 6221523 TI - Enzyme immunoassay of thromboxane B2 and 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha as a substitute for radioimmunoassay. PMID- 6221522 TI - Assay methods for prostaglandins and related compounds. PMID- 6221524 TI - Chemiluminescence immunoassay of thromboxane B2. PMID- 6221525 TI - Simplified immunoassays of prostaglandin E main metabolite in human urine. PMID- 6221526 TI - Specific quantitative determination of 6-oxo-prostaglandin F1 alpha in human plasma. PMID- 6221527 TI - Separation of unlabeled and isotopically-labeled metabolites of arachidonic acid by argentation high-pressure liquid chromatography. AB - Argentation HPLC can be used to separate unlabeled metabolites of 20:4 from their deuterium and tritium-labeled analogs. In many cases baseline resolution of labeled and unlabeled forms is achieved. This method can be used to obtain labeled compounds of high isotopic purity which are suitable for use as standards in radioimmunoassay or GC-MS using selected ion monitoring. PMID- 6221528 TI - Measurement of leukotrienes in asthmatics. PMID- 6221529 TI - Biology and biochemistry of thromboxane synthetase inhibitors. PMID- 6221530 TI - Pharmacological studies on OKY-1581: a selective thromboxane synthetase inhibitor. PMID- 6221531 TI - Effects of a selective inhibitor of thromboxane synthetase (OKY-1581) in humans. PMID- 6221532 TI - Pharmacology of thromboxane synthetase inhibitors. PMID- 6221533 TI - Low-dose aspirin is a selective inhibitor of platelet cyclooxygenase activity in healthy subjects. PMID- 6221534 TI - Aspirin inhibits endogenous prostacyclin and thromboxane biosynthesis in man. PMID- 6221535 TI - Synthesis and structure-activity relationship of novel stable prostacyclin analogs. PMID- 6221536 TI - Pulmonary and vascular effects of leukotrienes imply involvement in asthma and inflammation. PMID- 6221537 TI - Syntheses of 13-oxa- and 13-thiaprostacyclins: biologically potent analogs of prostacyclin. PMID- 6221538 TI - 11- and 15-deoxy-carboprostacyclins: hypothetic prostacyclin antagonists. PMID- 6221539 TI - Synthesis of stable prostacyclin analogs. PMID- 6221541 TI - Synthesis of prostacyclin derivatives and their analogs. PMID- 6221540 TI - Novel 7-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane prostacyclin agonists. PMID- 6221542 TI - Hypotensive prostaglandin structure activity relationships: 11-desoxy-16-aryl omega-tetranor prostaglandins. PMID- 6221543 TI - Syntheses of thromboxane A2 analogs: Thia- and dithiathromboxane A2. PMID- 6221544 TI - Mechanisms underlying inflammatory edema: the importance of synergism between prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and complement-derived peptides. PMID- 6221545 TI - In vitro and in vivo effects of new powerful thromboxane antagonists (3 alkylamino pinane derivatives). PMID- 6221546 TI - Acute effect of cigarette smoking on cardiac prostaglandin synthesis and platelet behavior in patients with coronary heart disease. PMID- 6221547 TI - Release of adenosine and prostacyclin from ischemic human hearts. PMID- 6221548 TI - Effects of selective thromboxane synthetase inhibitor and indomethacin on prostacyclin and thromboxane A2 from ischemic canine heart. PMID- 6221549 TI - Recanalization of obstructed coronary artery by intracoronary administration of prostacyclin in patients with acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 6221550 TI - Intracoronarily administered prostacyclin and streptokinase for treatment of myocardial infarction. PMID- 6221551 TI - In vivo and in vitro actions of a new selective inhibitor of leukotriene C and D synthesis. PMID- 6221553 TI - Effects of prostaglandins and related compounds on the canine coronary artery and arteriole. PMID- 6221554 TI - Leukotriene D4: divergent cardiovascular and sympathetic effects in spontaneously hypertensive and normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats. PMID- 6221552 TI - Leukotriene D4: a potent sheep coronary vasoconstrictor not blocked by ibuprofen. PMID- 6221555 TI - Imbalanced prostacyclin and thromboxane A2 production in essential hypertension. PMID- 6221556 TI - Thromboxane B2 in borderline and essential hypertension. PMID- 6221557 TI - Role of endogenous arachidonate metabolites in phospholipid-induced human platelet activation. PMID- 6221558 TI - Synergized activation of human platelets by epinephrine and platelet-activating factor-acether is adenosine diphosphate and thromboxane A2-independent. PMID- 6221559 TI - Paradoxical effects of indomethacin and trifluoperazine on Ca2+ ionophore A23187 induced human platelet aggregation, thromboxane B2 production, and dense granule release. PMID- 6221560 TI - Interference of transmethylation inhibitors with thromboxane synthesis in rat platelets: evidence for the requirement of a methyl transfer reaction in platelet activation. PMID- 6221561 TI - Clinical potential of prostacyclin. PMID- 6221562 TI - Uptake and release of arachidonate by platelets. PMID- 6221563 TI - Prostacyclin--experimental and clinical approach. PMID- 6221564 TI - Interactions between prostacyclin metabolism and cholesteryl ester metabolism in the vascular wall. PMID- 6221565 TI - Prostacyclin production and atherosclerosis of the rabbit aorta. PMID- 6221566 TI - Effects of high-density lipoprotein and the apoprotein of high-density lipoprotein on prostacyclin synthesis by endothelial cells. PMID- 6221567 TI - The kidney and arachidonic acid metabolism. PMID- 6221569 TI - Evidence for a renal origin of urinary thromboxane B2 in health and disease. PMID- 6221568 TI - Renal metabolism of sulindac, a novel nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agent. PMID- 6221570 TI - Metabolism of prostaglandins by human renal enzymes: presence of 9 hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase activity in human kidney. PMID- 6221571 TI - Prostaglandin synthesis by isolated human glomeruli and human glomerular cells in vitro. PMID- 6221573 TI - Effect of antidiuretic hormone on prostaglandin E2 synthesis by isolated cortical and medullary collecting tubules. PMID- 6221572 TI - Relationship between prostaglandin synthesis and phospholipid turnover in rat glomeruli: effect of trifluoperazine, A23187, and mepacrine. PMID- 6221574 TI - Indomethacin-furosemide interaction: the importance of renal blood flow. PMID- 6221575 TI - Urinary excretion rate of 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha as an index of circulating prostacyclin. PMID- 6221576 TI - Urinary excretion of prostaglandins and thromboxanes in the hepatorenal syndrome. PMID- 6221577 TI - Decreased renal prostaglandin E2 metabolism: a mechanism for the regulation of prostaglandin activity in acute renal failure. PMID- 6221578 TI - Suppression of arachidonate oxidation by glucocorticoid-induced antiphospholipase peptides. PMID- 6221579 TI - Lipomodulin: a possible mediator of the action of glucocorticoids. AB - Lipomodulin, a protein with a MW of 40,000, is induced in many cells by glucocorticoids. This protein can mimic a variety of biological activities of glucocorticoids such as anti-inflammation, immunosuppression, and promotion of cellular differentiation. Since anti-lipomodulin antibody can block these effects of both glucocorticoids and lipomodulin, it is quite possible that lipomodulin is a mediator of glucocorticoids. PMID- 6221580 TI - Oxidations by fatty acid hydroperoxides and prostaglandin synthase. PMID- 6221581 TI - Purification, quantitation, and localization of PGI2 synthase using monoclonal antibodies. PMID- 6221582 TI - Characteristics of prostaglandin H synthase. PMID- 6221583 TI - Importance of cyclooxygenase induction in the biosynthesis of prostacyclin. PMID- 6221584 TI - Urinary prostacyclin and thromboxane levels after whole-body gamma irradiation in the rat. PMID- 6221585 TI - Comparison of thromboxane inhibitors to cyclooxygenase inhibitors on survival in a newborn rat model for group B streptococcal sepsis. PMID- 6221586 TI - Thromboxane inhibition in gram-negative sepsis fails to improve survival. PMID- 6221587 TI - Prostaglandin E2 in side effects of ocular surgery in man: preventive action of indomethacin. PMID- 6221588 TI - Possible involvement of thromboxane in hypertensive and bronchoconstrictive effects of leukotrienes C4 and D4. PMID- 6221589 TI - Tachyphylaxis of leukotriene C4-induced release of thromboxane A2 from guinea pig lung parenchyma and isoproterenol inhibition of this release. PMID- 6221590 TI - Platelet-activating factor causes pulmonary vasoconstriction and edema via platelet-independent leukotriene formation. PMID- 6221591 TI - Fish oil administration lowers prostacyclin production and the antiaggregatory activity of aortic walls more effectively than platelet aggregation and thromboxane in the rat. PMID- 6221592 TI - Inhibition of mononuclear leukocyte accumulation by the arachidonic acid lipoxygenase inhibitor BW755C. PMID- 6221593 TI - Dietary-fat-induced changes in the formation of prostanoids of the 2 and 3 series in relation to arterial thrombosis (rat) and atherosclerosis (rabbit). PMID- 6221595 TI - Effect of changes in dietary prostaglandin precursor fatty acids on arterial blood pressure and vascular prostacyclin synthesis. PMID- 6221594 TI - North Karelian study: changes in dietary fat reduce thromboxane B2 formation by platelets only in male subjects--preliminary report. PMID- 6221596 TI - Chronic ethanol exposure enhances essential fatty acid deficiency in rats. PMID- 6221597 TI - Gonadal steroid regulation of vascular arachidonate metabolites. PMID- 6221598 TI - Arachidonate evokes constriction of coronary and mesenteric arteries isolated from diabetic dogs. PMID- 6221599 TI - Arachidonate incorporation into lipids of cultured thyroid cells: absence of release after acute stimulation by thyrotropin. PMID- 6221600 TI - Esterification of 12-hydroxy-5,8,10,14-eicosatetraenoate into mouse thyroid lipids: possible physiological significance. PMID- 6221601 TI - Mechanisms of prostaglandin action on human fat cell lipolysis. PMID- 6221602 TI - Arachidonic acid products as possible mediators of the action of gonadotropin releasing hormone. PMID- 6221603 TI - Possible involvement of phospholipase A2 activation and lipoxygenase product(s) in the mechanism of insulin secretion. PMID- 6221604 TI - Evidence for lipoxygenase mediation of arachidonic acid-stimulated insulin secretion. PMID- 6221605 TI - Effects of cyclooxygenase inhibition on prostaglandin production and insulin and glucagon secretion by isolated rat islets. PMID- 6221606 TI - Breast cancer, its recurrence, and patient survival in relation to tumor prostaglandins. PMID- 6221607 TI - Studies on the protection against misonidazole-induced toxicity by antiinflammatory agents. PMID- 6221608 TI - Modulation of skin tumor promotion by inhibitors of arachidonic acid metabolism. PMID- 6221609 TI - Prostacyclin, thromboxanes, and hematogenous metastasis. PMID- 6221610 TI - Prostaglandin D2: a neuromodulator. PMID- 6221611 TI - Prostaglandins and the cerebral circulation. PMID- 6221612 TI - Involvement of arachidonic acid metabolites in functional disturbances following brain injury. PMID- 6221613 TI - Effect of prostaglandin synthesis inhibitors on basal and carbon dioxide stimulated cerebral blood flow in man. PMID- 6221614 TI - Vasoconstrictor and vasodilator effects of leukotriene D4 and FPL 55712 on human and rat cerebral arteries. PMID- 6221615 TI - Effects of prostaglandin E2 inhibition on norepinephrine plasma levels after adrenergic stimulation in man. PMID- 6221616 TI - Ulceration induced by an endoperoxide analog and by indomethacin in the canine stomach. PMID- 6221617 TI - Prostanoids formed by human gastrointestinal tissues and their effects on muscle activity. PMID- 6221618 TI - Gastric mucosal prostaglandin generation in rats with stress ulcer. PMID- 6221619 TI - Effects of prostaglandin E2 on transmucosal ion fluxes and aspirin-induced gastric damage in the rat. PMID- 6221620 TI - T-cell-derived arachidonic acid and eicosanoid synthesis by macrophages. PMID- 6221621 TI - Stimulation of gastric bicarbonate secretion by E2 prostaglandins in man. PMID- 6221623 TI - Effect of carbenoxolone on gastric prostaglandin E release and cytoprotection in the rat. PMID- 6221624 TI - Gastric cytoprotection by agents altering gastric mucosal sulfhydryl compounds: role of endogenous prostaglandins. AB - Intragastric administration of cysteamine or diethyl maleate caused a dose dependent reduction in the mean area of gastric lesions induced by absolute ethanol but failed to affect gastric ulcerations produced by acidified aspirin. Mucosal levels of glutathione were increased with cysteamine and reduced with diethyl maleate and did not correlate with the protective action of these agents on ethanol-induced mucosal lesions. The protective effects of these agents probably involved mucosal generation of prostaglandins, because pretreatment with indomethacin or aspirin, potent inhibitors of cyclooxygenase, partially prevented this protection. This study indicates that the mucosal generation of prostaglandins contributed, at least in part, to the gastric cytoprotection by agents altering mucosal contents of sulfhydryl compounds. PMID- 6221622 TI - Trophic actions of oral E2 prostaglandins on the rat gastrointestinal mucosa. PMID- 6221625 TI - Effect of prostaglandin F2 alpha, prostacyclin, and leukotriene C4 on the contractile activity of human uterine arteries. PMID- 6221626 TI - Regulation by estradiol of the in vitro prostaglandin production by the rat and guinea pig uterus. PMID- 6221627 TI - Influence of sex steroids on prostacyclin synthesis by rat aorta and myometrium. PMID- 6221628 TI - Uterine prostaglandin production: arachidonic acid cascade, fact or fiction? PMID- 6221629 TI - Prostaglandins as milk ejectors: the nose as a new route of administration. PMID- 6221630 TI - Prostacyclin and thromboxane release from human peritoneal macrophages. PMID- 6221631 TI - Relationship between prostaglandins in human seminal fluid and fertility. PMID- 6221632 TI - Effects of endocervical administration of prostaglandin E2 on cervical dilatation and connective tissue biosynthesis in the first trimester of pregnancy. PMID- 6221633 TI - Involvement of prostaglandins in the ductus arteriosus and the ductus venosus of the lamb. PMID- 6221635 TI - Prostaglandin biosynthetic pathways in fetal lamb ductus arteriosus and lung: relationship to ductal patency and closure. PMID- 6221634 TI - Effects of indomethacin and prostaglandins E2, I2, and D2 on the fetal circulation. PMID- 6221636 TI - When to treat the patent ductus arteriosus with indomethacin in very-low-birth weight infants. PMID- 6221637 TI - Role of circulating prostaglandin E2 in regulation of the ductus arteriosus. PMID- 6221638 TI - Constriction of fetal ductus arteriosus by nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs. AB - Transplacental fetal ductal constriction was studied for 24 NSAIDs in full-term pregnant rats. All 16 acidic NSAIDs constricted the fetal ductus, but considerable differences in the grade of effect were noticed with the clinical doses of each NSAID. Six of the eight basic NSAIDs did not constrict the fetal ductus. It is concluded that acidic NSAIDs should not be administered to pregnant women. However, it may be established in the future that some basic NSAIDs can be administered safely. PMID- 6221639 TI - Dexamethasone induces the synthesis of "renocortins," two antiphospholipase proteins in rat renomedullary interstitial cells in culture. PMID- 6221640 TI - Presence of inflammatory cells associated with exaggerated arachidonic acid metabolism in renal injury. AB - Unilateral ureter obstruction induces an exaggerated prostaglandin release from isolated perfused rabbit kidneys in response to vasoactive peptides. Perfused hydronephrotic kidneys also exhibit the release of thromboxane A2 which is not detected with normal or contralateral kidneys. Reversal of the ureteral obstruction causes a decreased production of PGs and TxA2 in response to bradykinin. Morphological examination of the HNK demonstrates an enlarged interstitial space containing a fibroblast-like cell and the presence of mononuclear cells. Administration of endotoxin to the perfused HNK elicits the release of PGE2 and TxB2 consistent with the ability of endotoxin to stimulate arachidonic acid metabolism in cultured macrophage. Rabbit CLK and the cat HNK, which are deficient in macrophages, exhibit minimal PGE2 and no detectable TxA2 release after endotoxin stimulation. Cells cultured from the rabbit HNK cortex contain fibroblast-like cells and phagocytic cells which respond to BK with a profound PG production. Conditioned media from mononuclear cells have been shown by others to stimulate PGE2 production from fibroblasts. Other models of renal disease (renal venous constriction and glycerol-induced tubular necrosis) exhibit exaggerated PG and TxA2 release and facilitated cortical microsomal AA metabolism. These data suggest that proliferation of fibroblast-like cells and the presence of mononuclear cells may be involved in this exaggerated PG and TxA2 production underlying renal injury. PMID- 6221641 TI - In vivo and in vitro effects of arachidonic acid products on liver cell integrity following carbon tetrachloride poisoning. PMID- 6221642 TI - Inhibition of thromboxane formation prevents endotoxin-induced renal fibrin deposition in jaundiced rats. PMID- 6221643 TI - 16,16-dimethyl-prostaglandin E2 inhibits toxin release from Clostridium difficile. PMID- 6221644 TI - Release and oxygenation of arachidonic acid: nonspecific triggering and pathophysiological consequences in isolated rabbit lungs. PMID- 6221645 TI - [Effect of 13-cis-retinoic acid (Ro 4-3780) in the therapy of severe cystic acne]. AB - Five subjects with serious cystic acne, two of which were also affected by hydrosadenitis, were examined during a treatment with 13-cis-retinoic acid. The drug was given at decreasing doses: 0.9 mg/kg body weight for a period of six weeks, followed by a second six weeks period at 0.6 mg/kg and lastly by another 9 months period at 0.3 mg/kg. The patients had a good response to the treatment with a rapid reduction of the number and of the severity of the acneic lesions, with the only exception of one subject who had a relapse at the 18th week. This study, limited to a small number of patients, suggest that 13-cis-retinoic acid may be used in severe cystic acne with a higher dosage in the presence of complicating hydrosadenitis. PMID- 6221646 TI - Prognostic assessment of patients with coronary artery disease by exercise testing. AB - To assess whether exercise testing could help predict cardiac mortality, we analyzed 14 exercise and 10 clinical variables in 292 patients treated medically, who underwent treadmill exercise testing and cardiac catheterization and were followed annually for a mean of 2.5 years. None of the individual variables could accurately predict subsequent cardiac mortality with predictive values ranging from 6% to 44%. Combinations of variables were then analyzed in the subset of 113 patients with multivessel coronary disease. A high-risk subgroup (n = 59) consisting of patients with either severe exercise ischemia (greater than or equal to 2 mm ST depression lasting greater than or equal to 5 minutes involving greater than or equal to 3 leads) or left ventricular dysfunction (treadmill time less than or equal to 3 minutes, S3 gallop, or cardiac enlargement) had a mortality of 20%; this was significantly greater (p less than 0.01) than a low risk subgroup (n = 54) with neither severe exercise ischemia nor left ventricular dysfunction whose mortality was 2%. We conclude that combining clinical and exercise variables to distinguish high- and low-risk subgroups of patients with similar coronary anatomy is useful in predicting cardiac mortality. PMID- 6221647 TI - Norepinephrine and cardiac hypertrophy in iron deficiency anemia. PMID- 6221649 TI - PTCA: need for prospective randomized controlled trials. PMID- 6221648 TI - Vessel wall arachidonate metabolism after angioplasty: possible mediators of postangioplasty vasospasm. AB - The mechanism of postangioplasty vasospasm is uncertain. It was postulated that a reduction in vasodilator prostaglandin I2 (PGI2) or prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) or an increase in vasoconstrictor hydroperoxy acids might contribute to spasm of a dilated artery. Twelve mongrel dogs were anesthetized, intubated, and mechanically ventilated. Heart rate and aortic pressures were continuously monitored and arterial blood gases maintained within physiologic limits. A single carotid artery was dilated in each animal (4 atm X 1 minute X 3) using nonexpandable polyethylene balloon catheters with inflated balloon diameters 50 to 100% larger than the internal arterial lumen. The opposite carotid artery served as a control. In 4 animals, aspirin (10 mg/kg, intravenously) was injected 30 minutes before dilation. Sixty minutes after dilation, animals were heparinized and the carotid arteries carefully removed. The in vitro conversion of carbon-14(14C)-arachidonic acid (AA) to 6-keto PGF1 alpha (PGI2), PGE2, and 12L-hydroxy-5,8,10,14-eicosatetraenoic acid (HETE) was determined using thin layer radiochromatography. Angioplasty caused a 70% decrease in vessel wall PGI2 production and a 44% decrease in PGE2 production (n = 4, p less than 0.05). Reductions in in vitro conversion of 14C-AA to PGI2 and PGE2 induced by angioplasty were comparable to that produced by cyclooxygenase inhibition with aspirin. Angioplasty, in addition, caused a 104% increase in vessel wall HETE production (n = 4, p less than 0.05). Therefore, angioplasty results in a local derangement of AA metabolism characterized by decreases in vasodilator prostaglandins and increases in vasoconstrictor hydroperoxy acids. These local changes may contribute, in part, to sudden arterial occlusion after angioplasty. PMID- 6221650 TI - Quantitative analysis of pulmonary vascular disease in simple cardiac anomalies with the Down syndrome. AB - Intimal changes and medial thickness of small pulmonary arteries were morphometrically examined in 21 cases of simple cardiac anomalies with the Down syndrome, and their correlations with age and with pulmonary arterial peak pressure were then compared with those of 20 cases of simple cardiac anomalies without the Down syndrome and 17 cases of complete transposition of the great arteries (TGA). Results indicate that (1) intimal changes developed at an earlier age in patients with simple cardiac anomalies and the Down syndrome than in those without the Down syndrome, (2) the intimal changes were more severe than those in simple cardiac anomalies without the Down syndrome at the same level of pulmonary arterial pressure and milder than those in TGA, and (3) the media of small pulmonary arteries in simple cardiac anomalies with the Down syndrome was thinner than the media in cases without the syndrome at the same radius and the same level of pulmonary arterial pressure but thicker than the media in TGA. Retarded development of medial hypertrophy in the Down syndrome or TGA in response to pulmonary hypertension appears to make the pulmonary arteries susceptible to even moderate pressure load and appears to be responsible for early development of severe intimal changes. PMID- 6221651 TI - Fatal small bowel obstruction after pacemaker generator implantation in the abdominal wall. PMID- 6221652 TI - Ventricular activation time with left ventricular hypertrophy. PMID- 6221653 TI - Abnormal electrocardiograms in highly trained athletes. PMID- 6221654 TI - Comparative ultrastructure of the inner capsule of the muscle spindle and the tendon organ. AB - The ultrastructure of inner capsule cells of the vertebrate muscle spindle was studied by transmission electron microscopy and compared with that of homologous cells in the tendon organ. Aside from variations in their complexity and pattern of organization, cells of the inner capsule in these two sensory receptors exhibited marked similarities in fine structure. The virtual absence of basal lamina in the region of the nucleated soma as well as on the branching cytoplasmic extensions of these cells was noted. In the inner capsule of both end organs, three kinds of intercellular specialization were encountered. Cell processes were typically linked together at multiple sites by intermediate junctions. In addition, focal points of membrane fusion between two or more cellular profiles were identified as tight junctions. In more extensive regions of plasma membrane overlap, gap junctions were also discerned. It seems probable that these sites along the inner capsule represent areas of mechanical and electrical linkage, enabling contiguous cells to function as a synchronous unit. Tight junctions may also provide the inner capsular sheath with specific permeability-barrier characteristics. Elements of the Golgi complex and associated presecretory vesicles and cytoplasmic granules were prominent. Their presence implicates these cells in the elaboration of the paracellular connective tissue matrix occupying the intracapsular spaces of both receptors. The close resemblance of these cells to endoneurial fibroblasts of peripheral nerve and to hyalocytes of the vitreous body is emphasized. It is likely that, regardless of species examined, cells of the inner capsule in both receptors play an overall protective role in the formation, maintenance and regulation of their luminal paracellular contents. PMID- 6221656 TI - Lasting antihypertensive effect of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of renal artery stenoses in a child. PMID- 6221655 TI - Brain abscess caused by a variety of cladosporium trichoides. AB - A brain abscess caused by a new variety of Cladosporium trichoides occurred in a previously healthy man. A reversed T-suppressor/helper cell ratio was noted as the only immunologic abnormality. He required three surgical procedures, the last an occipital lobectomy, and antifungal chemotherapy to control his disease. He received 2,068 mg of amphotericin B and one year of flucytosine at 6 g per day. Ten months after the last surgery he is without evidence of disease. C. trichoides var. chlamydosporum was isolated from the abscess. It differed from C. trichoides by producing chlamydospores in vitro and only hyphae in the brain abscess. On modified Sabouraud agar, the fungus did not grow at 25 degrees C and grew poorly at 30 degrees C and 37 degrees C. Histologic sections revealed necrosis, no encapsulation, and no epitheliod cells. PMID- 6221657 TI - Celiac sprue in Down's syndrome: considerations on a pathogenetic link. AB - The association of celiac disease with Down's syndrome is described in two patients who presented with features of the malabsorption syndrome. The diagnosis was readily made by peroral jejunal mucosal biopsy. Both patients responded clinically to dietary gluten withdrawal and one patient demonstrated a recrudescence of symptoms and reappearance of jejunal mucosal atrophy upon rechallenge with dietary gluten. Genetic considerations in the etiology of both disorders are discussed. PMID- 6221658 TI - Altered immunoregulation in Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia. I. The absence of Con A-induced and spontaneous T suppressor cell activity in a patient and his kindred. AB - In vitro lymphocyte functions in a patient with Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia and his kindred were examined. The percentage and number of total peripheral blood T cells and the absolute number of FC gamma bearing T cells were decreased in the patient and family members compared to controls but the B cells and monocytes were normal. In addition, PHA and PWM stimulated proliferation were decreased. Decreased responsiveness to PWM was abrogated by preculturing PBMC in media alone before PWM stimulation. Decreased responsiveness to PHA was not reversed by a similar period of preculture. To further define the above abnormalities in immunoregulation we examined mononuclear subpopulations. In controls, adding purified T cells or Con A activated lymphocytes to autologous cultures which had been stimulated with PHA and PWM significantly decreased proliferative activity. No such suppressive activity of T cells or Con A activated cells from the patient or family members was noted. These data demonstrate an absent or functionally inactive spontaneous and Con A activated T suppressor cells in the family of a patient with Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia. PMID- 6221659 TI - Severe thrombocytopenia following oral cholecystography with iocetamic acid. AB - We report the first case of severe thrombocytopenia occurring after ingestion of a widely used cholecystographic medium, iocetamic acid. The patient had not been given any treatment before he received the gallbladder contrast medium. Onset of symptoms was acute, and the clinical course was benign with complete recovery after one week. Bone marrow aspiration showed increased numbers of megakaryocytes, suggesting that platelets were rapidly removed from circulation. In vitro tests for antiplatelet antibodies were not performed because iocetamic acid is insoluble in aqueous solutions. Since only a few cases of thrombocytopenia following ingestion of iodine-compounds have been reported, it seems highly unlikely that purpura will be, in the future, a major hazard in cholecystography. However, it would be wise to question patients as to any prior sensitivity to iodine before proceeding with oral cholecystography. PMID- 6221660 TI - Cefoperazone-aminoglycoside incompatibility. PMID- 6221661 TI - Parental coital rates and Down Syndrome. PMID- 6221662 TI - Occurrence of Down syndrome and human sexual behavior. PMID- 6221664 TI - Allergic dermatoconjunctivitis caused by phenylephrine. PMID- 6221663 TI - T lymphocyte subsets in uveitis. AB - We evaluated the peripheral T-cell subsets in 32 adult patients with intraocular inflammatory disease and 12 age-matched normal controls by means of the OKT series of monoclonal antibodies in conjunction with the laser cytofluorograph, which quantitatively determines the fluorescence intensity of lymphocytes. We found no statistically significant difference in the ratio of OKT 4-positive (inducer) cells to OKT8-positive (suppressor) cells. However, this ratio was significantly decreased in patients with active posterior uveitis compared with controls (P less than .05). The number of OKT8-positive T lymphocytes in this group was significantly increased (P less than .01), causing a decrease in the OKT4-OKT8 ratio. In patients with positive in vitro cell-mediated responses to the retinal S-antigen, a statistically significant (P less than .05) decrease was found as well only in the patients with active disease. PMID- 6221665 TI - A gooseneck feeding device. PMID- 6221667 TI - Progestin increases cathepsin D synthesis in uterine luminal epithelial cells. AB - Early in blastocyst implantation, cells of the uterine luminal epithelium deteriorate and die in response to the presence of the blastocyst. Destruction of the epithelial cells appears to depend on control of the autophagic activity and enzyme content of lysosomes in these cells. Concentrations of the lysosomal proteinase, cathepsin D, have been identified in luminal epithelial cells, and these studies examined changes in epithelial cathepsin D activity and their hormonal control during early pseudopregnancy in the rat. Cathepsin D activity in luminal epithelial cells increases during early pseudopregnancy to maximal levels at the time of sensitivity to deciduogenic stimuli. Rates of cathepsin D synthesis in luminal epithelial cells also increase during early pseudopregnancy, but neither enzyme activity nor rates of synthesis increase in stromal-myometrial tissues. In ovariectomized rats, progestins rather than estradiol increase cathepsin D activity and rates of synthesis in luminal epithelial cells. These studies suggest that cell death in the luminal epithelium during blastocyst implantation may depend in part on the accumulation of lysosomal cathepsin D in these cells in response to progesterone secretion during early pregnancy. PMID- 6221666 TI - Humoral inhibitors of the immune response in uremia. V. Induction of suppressor cells in vitro by uremic serum. AB - The mechanism of inhibition of mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) by serum of chronically uremic rats has been studied. The inhibitory activity of the serum has been associated with a discrete subset of very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) of Sf 100-400. The degree of the inhibitory activity of uremic serum correlates with the severity of uremia. Spleen cells from normal rats incubated for 20 hours with uremic serum or its VLDL fraction suppress the response of control syngeneic cells in the MLR. Induction of such suppressor activity does not require cell proliferation because it is not inhibited by mitomycin C. although the exact identity of the induced suppressor cells has not been established, they may be macrophages. The suppressor activity of induced spleen cells can be markedly reduced by filtration of spleen cells on glass wool or on nylon wool columns. Reconstruction experiments show that the adherent cell fraction of spleen cells exposed to uremic serum suppresses the response of the nonadherent fraction of control spleen cells. These results indicate that the immunosuppressive effects of rat uremic serum in vitro involve the induction of suppressor cells. PMID- 6221668 TI - Disability and depressive symptoms in two communities. AB - A community survey conducted in Kansas City, Mo., and Washington County, Md., revealed a significant association between symptoms of depression and self reported disability. No demographic variables showed any consistent relationship to disability. The findings underscore the need for programs designed to identify and treat depression. In addition, any study using disability as an outcome measure must control for level of depressive symptoms. PMID- 6221669 TI - Psychiatric syndromes in Huntington's disease. AB - Thirty patients with Huntington's disease, a genetically transmitted neuropsychiatric disorder that can be diagnosed reliably, were evaluated systematically for psychopathology, followed for extended periods, and treated with psychopharmacological medications when necessary. DSM-III criteria were used for establishing syndromic diagnoses. Twenty-four individuals demonstrated substantial behavioral abnormalities, including affective and schizophrenic syndromes, changes of personality, and disorders that could not be classified adequately. Pharmacotherapy was modestly beneficial in some cases. Consideration of the array of behavioral disturbances encountered in this pathogenetically unified disorder suggests that a dimensional approach to symptom classification might prove more useful heuristically than present typological methods. PMID- 6221670 TI - Reconstruction of the renal artery after unsuccessful percutaneous transluminal angioplasty in children. AB - The use of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty as the primary treatment of renovascular stenosis in adults has recently been described. Previously, only three children have been reported to have undergone transluminal angioplasty for stenosis of the renal artery and hypertension. At our hospital, transluminal angioplasty was attempted in four children with renal artery stenosis; one attempt was successful and three were unsuccessful. The three patients who required surgical repair of the renal artery after unsuccessful transluminal angioplasty have been described in detail. The histopathology of the stenotic vessels is also discussed. Based on the analysis of the three children, certain criteria have been derived to select pediatric patients with renovascular hypertension either for attempted transluminal angioplasty or for primary surgical revascularization. PMID- 6221671 TI - Autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction in man. VII. Autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction in patients with bronchial asthma, allergic rhinitis and atopic dermatitis. AB - The proliferative response of T lymphocyte cultured with autologous non-T lymphocyte is known as the autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction (AMLR). In AMLR, both helper and suppressor functions are generated. In this investigation we have examined T cell proliferative responses in AMLR in 12 patients with bronchial asthma, 10 patients with allergic rhinitis, and 10 patients with atopic dermatitis and compared that with simultaneously studied healthy controls. Our data show that the T cell proliferation in AMLR in patients with bronchial asthma is significantly higher than that of healthy normals. However, AMLR response in patients with allergic rhinitis or atopic dermatitis is comparable to controls. Mechanisms for increased AMLR in patients with bronchial asthma are discussed. PMID- 6221672 TI - Measurement of DNA length by gel electrophoresis. I. Improved accuracy of mobility measurements using a digital microdensitometer and computer processing. AB - The electrophoretic mobilities of DNA polymer fragments in an agarose gel have been measured from a photograph of the gel by different methods and converted to lengths by the reciprocal method. The method of measurement can introduce large errors in the length estimates. The use of a digital microdensitometer to obtain optical density profiles of gel tracks with subsequent computer processing to find peak positions was found to give the most accurate DNA lengths. PMID- 6221673 TI - Purification of phosphofructokinase from rabbit skeletal muscle based on its ability to aggregate in absence of its effectors. AB - Rabbit muscle phosphofructokinase was purified to homogeneity based on its property to form large aggregates with time at high concentration of its protein in absence of its effectors. The method involves no heat step or treatment with organic solvent or any ion-exchange columns. The enzyme thus prepared, however, exhibits the same kinetic properties as the enzyme purified by more drastic methods. PMID- 6221675 TI - Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) as an adjunct in vascular trauma: case report. AB - An iliac stenosis causing a pressure gradient of 70 mm Hg proximal to repair of a traumatically divided superficial femoral artery was relieved by percutaneous transluminal balloon angioplasty (PTA). Though the magnitude of the accompanying crush injury led to massive muscle necrosis and ultimately necessitated mid-thigh amputation, the arterial repair remained patent. PMID- 6221674 TI - Methods for mycelial breakage and isolation of mitochondria and vacuoles of Neurospora. AB - A new and inexpensive glass-bead blender allows rapid, easy, and controlled cell breakage of Neurospora, with good organellar survival. The yield of mitochondria and vacuoles is comparable to or better than methods involving sand grinding or snail-gut digestion of cell walls. A method for removing cell wall fragments from a crude homogenate is described. Isolation of mitochondria and vacuoles from the crude homogenate with little cross-contamination is accomplished by density gradient centrifugation in a fixed-angle rotor (Sorvall). PMID- 6221676 TI - Milk hypersensitivity. II. Practical aspects of diagnosis, treatment and prevention. AB - To date the most reliable procedure for the diagnosis of milk hypersensitivity is a properly conducted elimination-challenge test. Several in vitro tests have been developed but because of the diverse underlying mechanisms of hypersensitivity reactions to milk developing a single laboratory test that can be universally positive in every patient would be rather difficult. However, with a better categorization of milk-sensitive patients, together with the development of relevant, standardized and practical tests, the laboratory diagnosis of milk allergy should become more reliable. Milk hypersensitivity can be effectively treated and is largely preventable. Avoidance is the most effective mode of treatment and results in a good prognosis. In instances where the desired degree of avoidance cannot be attained pharmacologic agents may be of help. The need still exists for developing an effective procedure of hyposensitization. For prevention, prolonged breast feeding should be recommended, especially in infants of atopic families. PMID- 6221677 TI - Acute symptoms secondary to formaldehyde exposure in a pathology resident. AB - Formaldehyde is ubiquitous and found at work and at home. The National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) lists fifty-two occupations with substantial formaldehyde exposure. Pathology is one such occupation. This report describes the incapacitating symptomatology that developed from formaldehyde exposure in a pathology resident. Diagnosis and management of formaldehyde hypersensitivity are discussed and the literature reviewed. PMID- 6221678 TI - The role of psychological research in the formation of policies affecting children. PMID- 6221679 TI - Kinetics of the delayed-type hypersensitivity response in tuberculous guinea pigs and mice tested with several mycobacterial antigen preparations. AB - Specific pathogen-free B6D2 mice and Hartley guinea pigs were infected subcutaneously with selected strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, M. bovis, M. kansasii, the MAIS complex, M. nonchromogenicum, and M. vaccae, and the in vivo growth behavior of the organisms was correlated with the level of tuberculin hypersensitivity and immunity to tuberculosis that subsequently developed. The peak level of tuberculin hypersensitivity varied depending on the host species, the immunogenicity of the infecting organism, and the dose and route of inoculation. However, the skin or footpad swelling profiles observed in mice and guinea pigs sensitized with live or heat-killed M. tuberculosis (persistor) or M. vaccae (nonpersistor) were very similar when a soluble test antigen was used, peaking between 24 and 36 h and already declining by 48 h. However, if sonically disrupted or whole-cell antigens were used, the swelling response was skewed significantly, with some residual swelling still present at 72 h. However, no evidence for two distinct cellular hypersensitivity responses was obtained in either mice or guinea pigs, regardless of the growth behavior of the mycobacteria in vivo. PMID- 6221680 TI - Water and nonelectrolyte transport across alveolar epithelium. AB - An overall view of the barrier properties of pulmonary alveolar epithelium is beginning to emerge from the recent studies on isolated alveolar epithelial preparations reviewed here. It appears that the alveolar epithelial barrier is normally extremely tight and is probably highly effective in preventing the passive flow of water and solutes into alveoli in normal lungs. It becomes leaky when subjected to a number of insults, suggesting an important mechanism for the development of alveolar pulmonary edema. Alveolar epithelium is also an actively transporting tissue, and, as such, probably plays a major role in normal lung fluid balance. We are just beginning to gain insight into these active and passive transport processes, and a great deal of work remains to be done in order to understand their mechanisms, importance, and regulation in vivo under both normal conditions and conditions involving pulmonary edema. PMID- 6221681 TI - Vanadate inhibition of the Ca-ATPase activity of sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles. AB - The Ca-dependent ATPase of sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles was studied with respect to the inhibition by vanadate. The vanadate concentration for half maximal inhibition (Ki) varied with the nucleotide used and with its concentrations in the medium, being 0.7 microM in presence of 5 to 50 microM ATP and increasing progressively up to 7.0 microM when the ATP concentration was raised up to 5 mM. The Ki was about 1 microM in presence of 0.1 to 2.0 mM of either GTP or ITP. The Ki also varied depending on whether the enzyme was preincubated with vanadate in absence of Ca2+ (Ki approximately equal to approximately equal to 1 microM) or in the presence of 0.1 mM Ca2+ (Ki greater than 20 microM). This effect was only observed when the activity was measured 15s after the addition of ATP. For longer incubation intervals the Ki did no longer depend on the presence of Ca2+ in the preincubation medium. Phosphorylation of the enzyme by orthophosphate was competitively inhibited by vanadate. The ATP in equilibrium Pi exchange reaction measured in vesicles which were permeable to Ca2+ was inhibited by vanadate when the Ca2+ concentration was in the range 100 200 microM. However, inhibition of both ATPase activity and ATP in equilibrium Pi. exchange were abolished when the Ca2+ concentrations was raised to the millimolar range. PMID- 6221682 TI - [Pre- and postoperative study of myocardial hypertrophy and left ventricular function in adult aortic valve stenosis]. PMID- 6221683 TI - [Abdomino-crural contracture disclosing panhypopituitarism with malnutrition]. AB - Another case of flexion contracture in a 60 year-old patient with hypopituitarism, chronic alcoholism and starvation is reported. The contracture, as in the other cases, involved the lower limbs, but in this particular patient it extended to the abdominal and extensor neck muscles and neurological signs were associated: cerebellar atrophy and peripheral neuropathy of the lower limbs probably due to alcoholism. As in the other reported cases, severe hyponatremia was observed (105 mmol/l) the physiopathology of which is discussed: starvation and glucocorticoid deficiency alone or associated with aldosterone deficiency. The special feature of the anterior pituitary deficiency is that it is partly functional, at least with regards to the gonadotrophic secretion, perhaps related to the denutrition. The authors emphasize the necessity of searching for adrenal insufficiency in cases of abdomino-crural contracture because of the beneficial effects that result from hydrocortisone replacement therapy. PMID- 6221684 TI - [Intrinsic muscles of the human larynx. Histoenzymological characteristics of the muscle fibers]. AB - ATPasic, oxidative, and glycogenolytic activities were demonstrated in human laryngeal intrinsic muscles (a total of 15) employing a series of histoenzymatic investigational techniques. Staining methods applied to 10 of the muscles revealed the presence of motor plates on the fibers, either with or without associated ATPase activity. These findings enabled clarification of the different muscle fiber populations, enzymatic equipment, and type of innervation of the laryngeal muscles. Certain of these muscles (cricothyroid, thyroarytenoid, and posterior cricoarytenoid) possess remarkable particularities in relation to known skeletal muscles, and the significance of these features is discussed. PMID- 6221685 TI - [Long-term treatment of severe nodulo-cystic acne with 13-cis retinoic acid]. AB - 15 patients with severe nodulo-cystic acne were treated with 13-cis retinoic acid (Ro 4-3780) for 6 to 12 months. The initial dose was 40 mg/day in all the cases. In 14 out of 15 cases this dose was progressively reduced depending on improvement of the acne lesions and on the occurrence of side effects. In one case the initial dose was later increased to 60 mg/day because of lack of response to the treatment. A 75 p. 100 improvement in the severity of the acne lesions was achieved within 4 to 5 months. Complete disappearance of the lesions was achieved in most of the patients after between 6 and 12 months of treatment. The most frequent clinical side effects were dryness of the lips, cheilitis with rhagades and facial dermatitis. Abnormal increased values of hepatic enzymes and triglycerides were found in some patients. PMID- 6221686 TI - [Allergy to preservatives]. AB - This study concerns 465 patients with dermatitis. The clinical history suggested allergy to cosmetics, drugs, industrial products or clothes. These patients were tested with 29 preservatives chosen among the most frequently employed or most sensitising products. Seven french clinics of Dermatology were involved in this study during one year. The patients' age varied between 2 years old and 80 years old. Positive reactions were seen mostly with formaldehyde (4.7 p. 100), Bronopol (4.7 p. 100), ammoniated mercury chloride (3.8 p. 100), benzoic acid (2.1 p. 100), sodium benzoate (1.9 p. 100), parabens (1.9 p. 100), dichlorophen (1.7 p. 100), chloracetamid (1.5 p. 100), benzyl benzoate (1.5 p. 100), Germall 115 (1.2 p. 100), butylhydroxyanisol (1 p. 100) and Dowicil (0.8 p. 100). The incidence of sensitivity to formaldehyde, Bronopol, ammoniated mercury chloride is too high; their use should decrease. Patients sensitive to benzoic acid, benzyl benzoate are not rare. Chloracetamid whose frequency of uses seems to be rather low is a very sensitising product. Parabens which are widely used were seldom found positive; nearly all cases are caused by topical medications. PMID- 6221687 TI - Cardiovascular adaptations to physical training. PMID- 6221688 TI - Calcium transport proteins, calcium absorption, and vitamin D. PMID- 6221689 TI - Norfloxacin penetration into subcutaneous tissue cage fluid in rabbits and efficacy in vivo. AB - The activity of norfloxacin was studied in vivo with steel net cages implanted subcutaneously in rabbits. Four weeks after implantation, two of four cages in each animal were inoculated with a strain of Escherichia coli (seven animals) or Klebsiella pneumoniae (six animals). Four animals in each group received oral treatment with norfloxacin for 7 days. Treatment was started 18 h after inoculation of the cages. Peak concentrations above the in vitro minimal inhibitory concentrations for the strains used were achieved in the fluid of 14 of 16 of the infected cages after the first norfloxacin dose. The penetration of norfloxacin into both infected and uninfected tissue cage fluid was significantly higher on treatment days 3 and 7 than on treatment day 1. No difference was observed between the concentrations in uninfected and infected cage fluids or between cage fluids infected with different organisms. The viable counts of E. coli and K. pneumoniae decreased from 2 X 10(3) to 2 X 10(8) CFU/ml of cage fluid to less than 10 CFU/ml in 10 of the infected cage fluids 12 h after the last dose of norfloxacin. Fluid from four cages still containing low numbers of viable bacteria at that time became free from bacteria (less than 10 CFU/ml) 1 to 4 days later. No regrowth was found in any cage fluid 7 days after the treatment period. The viable counts of E. coli or K. pneumoniae in five untreated control animals did not decrease during 8 to 14 days after inoculation of cage fluid. In comparison with cephalosporins and aminoglycosides studied previously with the same experimental method, norfloxacin penetrated better into cage fluid and more effectively reduced the viable counts of the organisms. PMID- 6221690 TI - Effects of moxalactam and cefuroxime on mitogen-stimulated human mononuclear leukocytes. AB - The effect of moxalactam and cefuroxime on mitogen-stimulated human peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes was studied. Mononuclear leukocytes, mitogen, and antibiotic were added to microtiter wells. Cells were cultured for 3 days, pulsed with tritiated thymidine, and then counted. Compared with control cell cultures, treated cultures showed phytohemagglutinin responsiveness to be depressed by the addition of moxalactam at concentrations of 25 to 200 micrograms/ml (P less than 0.001) and by cefuroxime at concentrations of 50 to 200 micrograms/ml (P less than 0.02 to P less than 0.01). The depressive effect on blastogenesis was less marked when concanavalin A was used. Unstimulated lymphocyte transformation responses were also depressed by both antibiotics at all concentrations (P less than 0.05). Preincubation of mononuclear leukocytes with antibiotic for 2 h, followed by washing and culturing in an antibiotic-free medium, did not depress transformation response. When antibiotic was added 24 h after mitogen, depression of response was insignificant. The data from this study suggest that two new beta lactam antibiotics, at concentrations achievable in serum when used therapeutically, may have immunosuppressant effects. It remains to be established whether these effects are clinically important. PMID- 6221691 TI - Cefoperazone pharmacokinetics in normal subjects and patients with cirrhosis. AB - The pharmacokinetics of cefoperazone were studied and compared in six normal subjects and six patients with severe liver disease. All subjects received a 2-g intravenous infusion of cefoperazone over 15 min. Significantly different results were noted between normal subjects and patients with cirrhosis (range [mean]) for the following: peak serum concentrations (203 to 345 [239] versus 82 to 206 [141] micrograms/ml; P less than 0.01); serum beta half-lives (1.0 to 1.8 [1.5] versus 2.3 to 9.9 [4.5] h; P less than 0.05); renal excretion (17 to 27 [21] versus 32 to 60 [50]%; P less than 0.01); and apparent volumes of distribution at steady state (4.1 to 7.8 [6.3] versus 12.7 to 23.8 [15.9] liters/1.73 m2; P less than 0.01). Lower peak serum levels in the patients with cirrhosis were probably related to an increased apparent volume of distribution secondary to ascites and to decreased serum protein binding of cefoperazone. Longer beta half-lives in the patients with cirrhosis were probably secondary to both decreased hepatic excretion caused by severe liver disease and to increased apparent volume of distribution. However, the longest beta half-life among the patients with cirrhosis was in a subject with a serum creatinine level of 2.1 mg/dl. We conclude that, although mild to moderate impairment of cefoperazone excretion occurs in patients with hepatic disease, adjustment of dosage may be necessary only with concomitant renal insufficiency. PMID- 6221692 TI - In vitro activity of teichomycin and vancomycin alone and in combination with rifampin. AB - The antibacterial activity of teichomycin, a glycopeptide antibiotic similar to vancomycin, has been evaluated in vitro and compared with that of vancomycin. Test strains included 130 staphylococci and 132 streptococci, with representatives of the major currently recognized species or groups, and lesser numbers of clostridia, propionibacteria, and group JK bacteria. Teichomycin was found to be more active than vancomycin. Its minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was two- to fourfold lower than that of vancomycin with staphylococci and anaerobic bacteria, and two- to eightfold lower with streptococci. No significant differences were observed with group JK bacteria. For most strains tested, minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) of both teichomycin and vancomycin either equalled or exceeded by twofold the respective MICs. Higher MBC-to-MIC ratios were obtained for enterococci and pneumococci with both antibiotics. Both teichomycin and vancomycin showed similar in vitro interactions with rifampin in combination tests. Neither antagonism nor (with very few exceptions) synergism occurred. PMID- 6221693 TI - Cefoperazone pharmacokinetics in preterm infants. AB - The elimination pharmacokinetics of cefoperazone, a new cephalosporin, were studied in 15 preterm infants ranging in gestational age from 32 to 36 weeks and in postnatal age from 1 to 6 days. The infants received a single dose of either 50 or 250 mg of cefoperazone per kg by intravenous infusion. Blood samples were collected at specified times after completion of the drug infusion and then assayed for cefoperazone. Pharmacokinetic parameters were determined by noncompartmental analysis. Mean values for plasma half-life, elimination rate constant, apparent steady-state volume of distribution, and total body clearance were 5.53 h, 0.15 h-1, 124 ml/kg, and 36 ml/h per kg, respectively, for the group receiving a 50-mg/kg dose and 5.76 h, 0.14 h-1, 111 ml/kg, and 35 ml/h per kg, respectively, for the group receiving a 250-mg/kg dose. Positive correlations between gestational age and clearance and elimination rate were detected. A 50 mg/kg dose every 12 h ensured adequate serum levels for most of the common neonatal pathogens. Other than a transient rise in eosinophils in four subjects, no adverse effects were noted. PMID- 6221694 TI - Serum bactericidal activity of ceftazidime and cefoperazone alone or in combination with amikacin against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae. AB - Sera of volunteers receiving ceftazidime (2 g) or amikacin (500 mg), alone or in combination, or cefoperazone (2, 4, or 6 g) or cefoperazone (2 g) with amikacin (500 mg) were evaluated for bactericidal activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Serum bactericidal activities were similar for ceftazidime and ceftazidime plus amikacin, but were definitely lower for amikacin alone. Against P. aeruginosa, a 6-g dose of cefoperazone resulted in a higher frequency of peak serum bactericidal activities greater than or equal to 1:8 than a 2-g dose of cefoperazone plus amikacin. Killing studies, performed in 1:8 diluted serum, demonstrated a higher killing rate for cefoperazone plus amikacin than for a 6-g dose of cefoperazone, the more resistant P. aeruginosa excepted. Emergence of resistance was found with a 2-g dose of cefoperazone for K. pneumoniae and with a 6-g dose of cefoperazone for P. aeruginosa, but not with cefoperazone plus amikacin. PMID- 6221695 TI - Comparative in vitro study of teichomycin A2. AB - Teichomycin A2 was evaluated in vitro against clinical isolates, and its activity was compared with that of other antibiotics. This compound was very active against all organisms tested; its activity was comparable to that of vancomycin, and it was superior to several other antibiotics when tested against gram positive cocci. Because of its in vitro activity, it deserves clinical evaluation. PMID- 6221696 TI - A progress report on Australian practice and research in intellectual handicap. PMID- 6221698 TI - Erythroderma, hypogammaglobulinemia, and T-cell lymphocytosis. Occurrence following therapy with phenytoin. AB - Erythroderma and exfoliative dermatitis developed in a 17-year-old boy following therapy with phenytoin sodium. Immunologic studies performed early in the course of the dermatitis disclosed panhypogammaglobulinemia and a marked increase in T lymphocytes that responded poorly in vitro to T-cell mitogens. After therapy with prednisone, the dermatitis improved somewhat, and the patient's lymphocytes proliferated in vitro when exposed to phenytoin. We speculate that our patient's acute hypersensitivity reaction may have been mediated by an excessive number of phenytoin-sensitized suppressor-cytotoxic T lymphocytes and may represent a disorder of immunoregulatory T cells. PMID- 6221697 TI - Dermatologic radiotherapy and thyroid cancer. Dose measurements and risk quantification. AB - Thyroid doses for various dermatologic radiation techniques were measured with thermoluminescent dosimeters and ionization rate meters in an Alderson-Rando anthropomorphic phantom. The effects of changes in radiation quality and of the use or nonuse of treatment cones and thyroid shields were evaluated in detail. The results indicate that the potential risk of radiogenic thyroid cancer is very small when proper radiation protection measures are used. The probability of radiogenic thyroid cancer developing and the potential mortality risk were assessed quantitatively for each measurement. The quantification of radiation risks allows comparisons with risks of other therapeutic modalities and the common hazards of daily life. PMID- 6221699 TI - Surface-mediated defenses against injury. PMID- 6221700 TI - Nebulised therapy in acute severe bronchiolitis in infancy. AB - We have measured total work of breathing before and after the inhalation of water, salbutamol, and ipratropium bromide, given as nebulised solutions, in 39 studies on 25 infants with acute, severe bronchiolitis. Twenty minutes after nebulised water, mean work of breathing per minute was increased by 4% and work per litre by 10% with 2 infants having significant improvement and 2 others showing deterioration. After salbutamol, mean work of breathing per minute showed a 22% increase and work per litre a 0.5% rise. The condition of only one child improved by greater than 25% after this drug. Ipratropium bromide led to significant improvement in 6 out of 15 studies and no corresponding deterioration. The group results showed a fall in work of breathing, 18% in work per minute and 16% in work per litre. PMID- 6221701 TI - Pulmonary arterio-venous fistulae in hepatic cirrhosis. AB - Cyanosis, clubbing, and arterial oxygen desaturation may occur in patients with liver disease, and are attributed to the presence of pulmonary or peripheral arterio-venous shunting. Cardiac catheterisation and angiocardiography in a patient with a normal heart did not demonstrate the presence of abnormal arterio venous anastomoses. Pulmonary shunting was proved when intravenous technetium labelled macroaggregated albumin, normally held up in capillary networks, was passed quickly through the lungs and immediately detected in high systemic blood flow organs. The opening of peripheral and pulmonary anastomoses in patients with liver disease may be owing to the presence of a vasodilatory substance such as ferritin, which was found to be abnormally increased in the patient's blood. PMID- 6221702 TI - An epidemiologic study of the respiratory effects of trona dust. AB - Trona (sodium sesquicarbonate) is mined from an underground deposit in Wyoming and processed for use in glass, paper, detergent, and chemical applications. Trona dust is alkaline (pH 10.5) and can have an irritant effect on respiratory airways, mucous membranes, and the skin. A study population of 142 underground miners and 88 surface workers from one facility volunteered for an epidemiologic study. Their mean age was 37.6 yr and mean duration of employment was 10.0 yr. The percentage with chronic cough and phlegm was 23%; both symptoms were more common among smokers than nonsmokers. Thirty-three percent of the workers complained of dyspnea when hurrying on level ground or walking up a slight hill. Half of the workers complained of upper respiratory tract symptoms and eye irritation. Both smokers and exsmokers had significant declines of forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (FEV1.0) with age; exsmokers also had declines with work-years when compared to a nonsmoking comparison population. Nonsmokers with personal dust measurements had a significant decline of FEV1.0 related to respirable dust exposure. A shift study of 104 workers revealed a significant fall in FEV1.0 among nonsmokers and surface workers. Significance was approached in the high dust exposure group. An increase in the mean percent predicted forced vital capacity and FEV1.0 was shown for the 125 workers who had a 5-yr follow-up of pulmonary function. There was no correlation between the shift study decrements and the longitudinal 5-yr follow-up. Industrial hygiene dust sampling found elevated levels of total dust but lower respirable dust, with no detectable free silica. PMID- 6221703 TI - Increased bone metabolism in rheumatoid arthritis as measured by the whole-body retention of 99Tcm methylene diphosphonate. AB - Bone metabolism in 21 patients with rheumatoid disease was investigated by measurement of the 24-hour whole body retention (WBR) of 99Tcm methylene diphosphonate (MDP) in parallel with clinical, radiological, and biochemical measurements (urinary excretion of hydroxyproline) of disease activity. Corticosteroid-treated patients of those with other forms of metabolic bone disease were excluded from the study. WBR was increased in the rheumatoid patients as compared with 21 age- and sex-matched controls (p less than 0.05), and there was a significant correlation in the rheumatoid group between WBR and urinary excretion of hydroxyproline (p less than 0.01) and between urinary excretion of hydroxyproline and an articular index (p less than 0.05) and global index (p less than 0.01) of disease activity. The increased WBR of the rheumatoid patients was not explicable by factors such as immobilisation, and the results are interpreted as reflecting an overall increase in bone metabolism which may occur in rheumatoid arthritis as part of the disease process. PMID- 6221704 TI - [Activity of acid and alkaline phosphatases and adenosine triphosphatase in secondary allergy before and after treatment with hydrocortisone]. PMID- 6221705 TI - [Effect of acetazolamide and nephrectomy on the rat liver]. PMID- 6221706 TI - [Effect of Lebaycide on the histochemically determined activity of various enzymes in the rat kidney]. PMID- 6221707 TI - [Brain stem function in the regulation of cerebral blood flow--experimental studies on evoked auditory brain stem response and measurement of superior sagittal sinus blood flow by ultrasonic Doppler flowmeter]. PMID- 6221708 TI - [Morphological and biochemical changes of the heart in experimental hypochromic anemia in rats]. AB - The effect of iron deficiency anemia on the catecholamine levels and morphology of the heart was studied in young male Wistar rats. The iron-deficient rats showed mild restriction of body weight gain and a striking lowering of blood hemoglobin concentration. In addition the present study demonstrated that the experimental iron deficiency anemia induces cardiac hypertrophy, as revealed by increased heart weight associated with increased size of cardiac muscle cells, as well as decreased myocardium catecholamine levels. The possible meaning of the neurohormonal change in the pathogenesis of the hypertrophic heart is discussed. PMID- 6221709 TI - Electroconvulsive treatment and lithium carbonate. Their effects on norepinephrine metabolism in patients with primary, major depressions. AB - Effects of electroconvulsive treatment (ECT) and lithium carbonate on norepinephrine metabolism were investigated in eight patients with primary, major depressions. A series of 12 ECTs reduced urinary norepinephrine and normetanephrine output significantly, and showed a tendency to reduce urinary vanillylmandelic acid output as well as whole-body norepinephrine turnover. Treatment with lithium carbonate significantly reduced urinary norepinephrine, normetanephrine, 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol, and vanillylmandelic acid output as well as whole-body norepinephrine turnover. These findings point to a common effect of antidepressant treatments since they are similar to results produced by administration of three other types of antidepressant drugs: clorgiline, a specific monoamine oxidase A inhibitor; desipramine, a relatively specific norepinephrine reuptake Inhibitor; and zimelidine, a relatively specific serotonin reuptake Inhibitor. These drugs reduce total production of norepinephrine and/or its major metabolites in depressed patients. Thus, five antidepressant treatments with different mechanisms of action have a common overall effect on the system. PMID- 6221710 TI - Camptocormia. AB - Camptocormia is a conversion type of hysteria, found mainly in recruited soldiers. The condition is characterized by powerful hyperflexion of the trunk and pains in the lumbar region. Characteristically, the anthropoidal posture disappears entirely during sleep when the patient is lying on the back. Knowledge of the syndrome permits an easy diagnosis and treatment. PMID- 6221711 TI - Special characteristics of cultured smooth muscle cell subtypes of hypertensive and diabetic rats. AB - In rat smooth muscle cell cultures two types of cells were detected. The majority of cells were small and spindle-shaped, 15% of which were labeled with H3 thymidine and displayed a nucleus/plasma relation of 1:15. Thirteen percent of the smooth muscle cell population was large and partly polynuclear. The H3 thymidine labeling was 1.3% in these rounder cells, and the nucleus/plasma ratio was 1:44. The surface area and cell shape of both types of cells were quantified morphometrically. Diabetes was induced in a group of animals by streptozotocin and hypertension by cellophane perinephritis. Data on smooth muscle cells (SMC) in culture obtained from diabetic and hypertensive rats differed from those of the controls. The percentage of small cells was significantly decreased, while the H3-thymidine index was increased in both diabetic and hypertensive rats. The number of large and polynuclear cells increased relative to the small cells, and they also displayed a higher proliferation rate as well as a change in their nucleus/plasma ratio. Another group of diabetic animals was treated with acetylsalicylic acid prior to SMC cultivation. Acetylsalicylic acid prevented the majority of changes found in cultured SMC of diabetic rats. PMID- 6221712 TI - An NK-like cell limits the adoptive response from "pre-progenitor" B cells. AB - Evidence is presented that a dividing, Thy 1 . 2 positive and NK 1 . 2 positive cell with a suppressive effect on adoptive responses is present in the spleens of normal and athymic mice, and that its function may be enhanced by non-specific antigenic stimulation. NK cells may thus exert a controlling function on the proliferation and differentiation of B cells. The main experimental observation is that under certain assay conditions incubation of spleen cells with 3H-TdR in order to kill dividing, non-specifically activated 'pre-progenitor' B cells may actually give a marked increase rather than a decrease in a subsequent hapten specific primary adoptive response. An activated 'suppressor' population was proposed as the reason for this effect. This anomalous effect may be avoided and the cycle state of the B cells assessed by prior elimination of cells bearing Thy 1 antigen, together with the use of a more reliable hydroxyurea incubation to kill dividing B cells. PMID- 6221714 TI - Evaluating the craniomandibular somatic dysfunction (CSD) patient utilizing the physiologic adaptive range (PAR) philosophy. PMID- 6221713 TI - Alveolar macrophages: functional heterogeneity within macrophage populations from rat lung. AB - Alveolar macrophages were obtained from the unstimulated lungs of rats by repeated endobronchial lavage and an interstitial macrophage population prepared by mincing the lungs subsequent to the lavage process. Considerable heterogeneity was observed within these macrophage populations with respect to cell size, surface morphology and cytochemistry. Functional studies, involving assessment of IgG-Fc receptor density/avidity and the expression of cytostatic activity in cultures of mitogen-stimulated lymphocytes, revealed comparable heterogeneity, and further indicated a considerably higher degree of apparent stimulation in the alveolar versus the interstitial macrophage population. Parallel assessment of the functional activity of blood monocytes, the immediate precursors of these latter macrophages, indicated a lower state of activation again. This suggests that the lung interstitium normally provides an intermediate environment between the blood and the alveolar spaces, wherein blood monocytes may undergo maturational changes before their efflux into the alveoli. PMID- 6221715 TI - Terminal hinge closure--and other great myths. PMID- 6221716 TI - Applied dental kinesiology: temporomandibular joint dysfunction. PMID- 6221717 TI - Differential effects of polyamines on the phosphorylation of chromatin-associated proteins. AB - Studies are presented on the nature of chromatin-associated phosphoproteins whose phosphorylation is influenced by polyamines. After labelling with 32P, chromatin associated proteins were separated into four fractions. Fraction I comprised neutral and basic non-histone phosphoproteins, including high-mobility-group non histones; fraction II consisted mostly of histones; fraction III consisted of a class of (salt-soluble) acidic non-histone phosphoproteins; and fraction IV consisted of residual (salt-insoluble) acidic non-histone phosphoproteins. The average relative distribution of protein in the four fractions (I-IV) was about 1:4:2:1 for both liver and prostate. However, tissue-dependent differences were observed in the incorporation of 32P in various protein fractions. In the presence of polyamines (e.g. 1 mM-spermine or 2 mM-spermidine) maximal stimulation of phosphorylation was observed in non-histone proteins of fraction I (160-180%), followed by that in non-histone proteins of fraction III (80-110%). The phosphorylation of residual non-histone proteins in fraction IV, and the small extent of phosphorylation of histones in fraction II, remained unaltered in the presence of polyamines. Thus polyamines do not stimulate the phosphorylation of all non-histone proteins; their stimulative effect is most prominent in the phosphorylation of neutral and basic non-histone proteins and a class of salt soluble acidic non-histone proteins. In accord with our hypothesis, these differential effects of polyamines on phosphorylation of endogenous non-histone proteins may relate to the conformation of these substrates rather than to endogenous kinases. PMID- 6221718 TI - Changes in disaccharide composition of heparan sulphate fractions with increasing degrees of sulphation. AB - Heparan sulphate by-products from the commercial manufacture of pig mucosal heparin were freed of chondroitin sulphate and fractionated according to anionic density. The fractions were treated with HNO2 at pH 1.5, and the resulting mixtures of oligosaccharides were reduced with NaB3H4 and analysed for their disaccharide composition by paper chromatography and by high-pressure liquid chromatography. The results show that the molar ratio of 2-O-sulpho-alpha-L iduronosylanhydromannose to 6-O-sulpho-(2-O-sulpho-alpha-L iduronosyl)anhydromannose decreased from 2.5 to 0.04 as the degree of sulphation of the fractions increased. In contrast, the molar ratio of 6-O-sulpho-(beta-D glucuronosyl)anhydromannose to 6-O-sulpho-(alpha-L-iduronosyl)anhydromannose was approx. 2.4 in all heparan sulphate fractions and decreased to only half of this value in the most highly sulphated heparin fractions. These results are consistent with biosynthetic studies, which have shown that the N-sulpho-(2-O sulpho-alpha-L-iduronosyl)D-glucosamine disaccharide is the metabolic precursor of the NO-disulpho-(2-O-sulpho-alpha-L-iduronosyl)-D-glucosamine disaccharide in heparin biosynthesis. The high-pressure liquid chromatography of the heparan sulphate oligosaccharides also revealed a number of unidentified oligosaccharides in the deamination mixtures. PMID- 6221719 TI - Purification to homogeneity, characterization and monoclonal antibodies of phospholipid-sensitive Ca2+-dependent protein kinase from spleen. AB - A phospholipid-sensitive Ca2+-dependent protein kinase was purified to homogeneity, for the first time, from extracts of pig spleen, employing the steps of DEAE-cellulose, octyl-agarose, Sephacryl S-200 and phosphatidylserine-Affigel 10 affinity chromatographies. The purified enzyme appeared as a single protein band on both analytical (non-denaturing) and sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis, having a minimum mol.wt. of 68 000 +/- 200. The molecular weight of the enzyme was also determined to be 74 500 +/- 4600 by gel filtration and 80 000 based on its sedimentation coefficient (5.52 S) and Stokes radius (3.52 +/- 0.09 nm), indicating that the enzyme was a monomeric protein. The frictional ratio (f/f0) of the enzyme was 1.24, indicating it was non-globular in shape. The enzyme had a pI of 5.3, and a pH optimum of 6.5 for its reaction. Amino acid analysis indicated that the enzyme apparently was not similar to myosin light-chain kinase (a calmodulin-sensitive species of Ca2+ dependent protein kinase) or cyclic AMP-dependent and cyclic GMP-dependent protein kinases. The enzyme had an apparent Km for ATP of 7.5 microns. Histone H1 and myelin basic protein were effective substrates for the enzyme, with apparent Km values of 0.3 and 0.2 microns, and Vmax, values of 0.06 and 0.09 mumol/min per mg of enzyme respectively. The enzyme activity was dependent on both phosphatidylserine (apparent Ka = 6.25 micrograms/ml) and Ca2+ (apparent Ka = 160 microns). Calmodulin was unable to substitute for the phospholipid as a cofactor, nor was it a subunit of the enzyme. Sr2+ and Ba2+ could partially mimic Ca2+ to activate the enzyme in the presence of phosphatidylserine. An endogenous substrate protein (mol.wt. 41 000) for the enzyme was found in the total, solubilized fraction of pig spleen. Monoclonal antibodies against the enzyme interacted similarly with the homogeneous and impure enzyme; the antibodies, however, did not bind to cyclic nucleotide-dependent protein kinases. PMID- 6221720 TI - Equilibrium and kinetic studies of oxygen binding to fragments of Lymnaea stagnalis (freshwater snail) haemocyanin obtained by proteolytic digestion. AB - Functional fragments of the haemocyanin from the gastropod mollusc Lymnaea stagnalis (freshwater snail) were obtained by partial digestion with trypsin and plasmin. The fragments were purified by ion-exchange chromatography and characterized by detergent/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis and crossed immunoelectrophoresis. Three types of single-functional unit fragment were isolated from the trypsin digest, and two immunologically distinct three functional unit fragments and a single-functional unit fragment were isolated from the plasmin digest. The O2-binding behaviour of the fragments was investigated by equilibrium and kinetic methods. Over the pH range 7.0-8.2, in the presence of 10-20 mM-CaCl2, all of the single-functional unit fragments displayed non-co-operative O2 binding and showed no evidence of a Bohr or a salt effect. A Hill coefficient of less than 1.0 was obtained with one of the two three-functional unit fragments studied, whereas both of these fragments displayed a Bohr effect. Functional heterogeneity of the fragments was indicated by the variation in the O2 affinity, the P50 (partial pressure of O2 at half saturation) ranging between 0.26 and 0.77 kPa (approx. 2-6 mmHg). Stopped-flow data reflected the O2 equilibrium behaviour. Thus there was a fall in the value of the O2 dissociation rate constant from approx. 15 to 1s-1 in parallel with the increase in O2 affinity. PMID- 6221721 TI - Re-assessment of ammonium-ion affinities of NADP-specific glutamate dehydrogenases. Activation of the Neurospora crassa enzyme by ammonium and rubidium ions. AB - The NADP-specific glutamate dehydrogenase of Neurospora crassa shows complex interactions with NH4+ ions, characterized by biphasic downwardly convex double reciprocal plots. These kinetics are explained by the action of NH4+ both as a substrate and, acting at a separate cation-binding site, as an activator. Rb+ ions, and to a smaller extent other univalent cations, also activate by acting as analogues of NH4+. Previous failure to recognize this effect, which probably also occurs in homologous enzymes from some other species, has led to significant overestimates in published reports of the Km for NH4+ of some NADP-specific glutamate dehydrogenases. PMID- 6221722 TI - The effect of starvation on the control of phosphofructokinase activity in the epithelial cells of the rat small intestine. AB - 1. The effect of depriving rats of food for 48 h on the specific activity of phosphofructokinase in the epithelial cells of the small intestine and on the regulatory properties of the enzyme displayed in crude (particle-free) mucosal extracts was studied. 2. The specific activity of phosphofructokinase, measured under optimal conditions at pH8, in the mucosa of fed rats showed a negative aboral gradient along the intestine, decreasing from 15.2 +/- 1.2 units (mumol/min)/g wet wt. in the proximal jejunum to 4.6 +/- 1.2 units/g wet wt. in the terminal ileum. 3. After starvation, the gradient was diminished, but not abolished; the diminution in gradient was due almost exclusively to a decrease in the specific activity of phosphofructokinase in the proximal jejunum by about 30%, there being no change in the terminal ileum. 4. In fed rats, the susceptibility of phosphofructokinase to inhibition by ATP, when assayed in crude mucosal extracts under suboptimal conditions, was independent of length along the small intestine; the ratio of the activity observed at pH 7.0 in the presence of 0.5 mM-fructose 6-phosphate and 2.5 mM-ATP to the optimal activity at pH 8, v0.5/V, was 0.36 +/- 0.05 in the proximal jejunum and 0.42 +/- 0.07 in the terminal ileum. 5. After starvation, the susceptibility of phosphofructokinase to inhibition by ATP was increased and was again found to be independent of length along the small intestine: after starvation, v0.5/V was 0.19 +/- 0.04 and 0.20 +/ 0.07 for the proximal jejunum and the terminal ileum respectively. 6. Re-feeding of previously starved rats on a high-carbohydrate diet overnight for 16 h restored both the specific activities of phosphofructokinase and its susceptibility to inhibition by ATP to normal values for fed rats. 7. The data support the idea that the specific activities and the regulatory properties of phosphofructokinase in the epithelial cells of rat small intestine are mediated by distinct humoral factors. 8. The changes in glucose utilization rate of the jejunum when rats are starved can in principle be accounted for by a combination of changes in the specific activity and in the regulatory properties of mucosal phosphofructokinase. PMID- 6221723 TI - Differential effects of anti-inflammatory drugs on lipoxygenase and cyclo oxygenase activities of neutrophils from a reverse passive Arthus reaction. AB - Rat neutrophils isolated from four-hour reverse passive Arthus reaction pleural exudates actively metabolize arachidonic acid. Production of 11-hydroxy- and 15 hydroxy-icosatetraenoic acid and 12-hydroxy-heptadecatrienoic acid is inhibited by indomethacin, benoxaprofen, BW 755C, piroxicam, ibuprofen, timegadine, and naproxen, suggesting that production of these arachidonic acid metabolites occurs at similar enzymic active sites. In addition, in the presence of the calcium inophore A23187 or the non-ionic detergent, BRIJ 56, rat neutrophils also produce the lipoxygenase products 5-hydroxy-icosatetraenoic acid and leukotriene B. The production of these metabolites is calcium dependent. Moreover, the calcium ionophore A23187 and BRIJ 56 synergistically act to augment the metabolism of exogenously added arachidonic acid via lipoxygenase. The formation of these metabolites is inhibited by BW 755C, benoxaprofen and timegadine but not by other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs tested. In fact, at doses which inhibit cyclo-oxygenase activity, indomethacin, naproxen, and ibuprofen stimulate arachidonic acid metabolism via lipoxygenase. PMID- 6221724 TI - Quantitative Cu(I) determination using X-ray absorption edge spectroscopy: oxidation of the reduced binuclear copper site in type 2 depleted Rhus laccase. AB - We report a procedure, through difference comparison of X-ray absorption edge spectra, for the quantitative determination of Cu(I) content in copper complexes of mixed oxidation state composition. This technique is tested on copper model systems and then used to quantitatively determine that untreated T2D Rhus laccase contains 70 +/- 15% Cu(I). Whereas excess ferricyanide is demonstrated not to alter the Cu(I) content of the untreated T2D, aqueous peroxide and nitrite at pH 6.0 are shown to oxidize the cuprous type 3 site and generate met T2D protein forms. PMID- 6221725 TI - EXAFS investigation of the binuclear cupric site in met T2D Rhus laccase and its azide bound derivative. AB - EXAFS analysis of met T2D Rhus laccase and its azide bound derivative indicates an average of 0.33 S at 2.09 A and 3-4 N (or O) atoms at 2.00 A per copper atom for the three copper centers. Using the plastocyanin Cu(II) EXAFS spectrum to model the type 1 site in laccase, a difference EXAFS spectrum for the type 3 site is generated; this spectrum enables assignment of the one S ligand in met T2D to the type 1 site and indicates no evidence of a detectable copper scatterer for the coupled binuclear copper site. Implications regarding type 3 optical features and related studies on the hemocyanins are also discussed. PMID- 6221726 TI - Resistance of thermophilic ATPase (TF1) to specific F1-atpase inhibitors including local anesthetics. AB - F1-ATPase obtained from mesophilic organisms is inhibited by specific inhibitors, such as aurovertin, efrapeptin, quercetin and several local anesthetics. This property has been explained by the common structure at the catalytic center of F1. However thermophilic F1 (TF1), which has the same primary structure at the center as other F1's, was shown to be resistant to these F1-specific inhibitors. Thus, the inhibitory mechanism may be explained not by the common structure at the catalytic site, but by some conformational changes of the flexible mesophilic F1 molecules or the absence of an inhibitor binding site in thermophilic F1. PMID- 6221727 TI - Immune complexes and inflammation. A study of the activity of anti-inflammatory drugs in the reverse passive arthus reaction in the rat. AB - The reverse passive Arthus reaction in rat skin was quantitated by using increase in wet weight as a measure of edema and extractable myeloperoxidase as a measure of the intensity of polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) infiltration. Treatment of the animal with dexamethasone prior to challenge with antigen/antibody resulted in an inhibition of both edema and the infiltration of inflammatory cells. In contrast, the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs inhibited the intensity of cell infiltration (PMNs but not mononuclear cells) without affecting edema. The results are discussed in the light of the effects of these drugs on arachidonic acid oxidation. PMID- 6221728 TI - Differential selectivity of 5-fluorouracil and 5'-deoxy-5-fluorouridine in cultured human B lymphocytes and mouse L1210 leukemia. AB - The role of differential metabolic activation of a 5-fluorouracil (FU) prodrug, 5'-deoxy-5-fluorouridine (dFUR), in achieving selective cytotoxicity was investigated in cultured human (dFUR), in achieving selective cytotoxocity was investigated in cultured human B lymphocytes and murine leukemia L1210 cells. B cells were cross-sensitive to FU and dFUR. On the other hand, leukemia L1210 cells were sensitive to FU but resistant to dFUR. The difference in the biological activities of FU and dFUR in B and L1210 cells correlated with (a) the metabolism of dFUR to FU by intact B (60% conversion) and L1210 (no conversion) cells, and (b) the phosphorylase activity of B (660 nmoles converted in 2 hr per mg protein) and L1210 (undetectable) cells. The intracellular metabolism of FU and dFUR was studied using a reversed-phase ion-pair high pressure liquid chromatographic assay. FU and dFUR shared similar metabolic pathways in B cells; their anabolites included FU ribose and deoxyribose nucleosides and nucleotides. In L1210 cells, FU was anabolized to 5-fluorouridine triphosphate and 5 fluorodeoxyuridine monophosphate, whereas dFUR was present mainly as the unchanged drug. Further metabolism studies using dFUR with tritium label in either the FU moiety or the altered sugar moiety established that the metabolic pathway of dFUR to cytotoxic FU anabolites in the B cells was via phosphorolysis to FU. These data indicate that, on a cellular level, an FU prodrug such as dFUR, which is activated by cytosolic enzyme, has a different selectivity from that of FU, and that the basis of differential selectivity is the initial phosphorolysis to FU. PMID- 6221729 TI - Modulation of hepatic microsomal Ca2+-stimulated ATPase and drug oxidase activities of guinea pigs by dietary cholesterol. PMID- 6221730 TI - Endocrinological studies with desogestrel. AB - 13-Ethyl-11-methylene-18,19-dinor-17 alpha-pregn-4-en-20-yn-17-ol (Org 2969, desogestrel) is a new progestational steroid which has been developed for application in oral contraceptives. In assays for characteristic progestational effects (McPhail test, McGinty test, Deciduoma test and Antifertilization test) and in tests for inhibition of ovulation, desogestrel is highly active after oral administration and more potent than the structurally related reference compounds norethisterone and levonorgestrel. The same holds for its anti-oestrogenic activity. PMID- 6221732 TI - [Maternal feeding of the newborn infant. Conditioning breast factors]. PMID- 6221731 TI - [Audiometric study of children in a pre-industrial community]. PMID- 6221733 TI - [Veterinary public health. Study of tuberculosis in milk cattle]. PMID- 6221734 TI - [Prevalence of diabetes mellitus. Experience in big cities]. PMID- 6221736 TI - [The status of radiology in Latin America]. PMID- 6221735 TI - [Development of technical personnel for laboratories for production and control of biological reagents]. PMID- 6221737 TI - [Psychiatric and neurological syndromes secondary to typhoid fever in a Peruvian population]. PMID- 6221739 TI - [International histologic classification of tumors]. PMID- 6221738 TI - [Solid waste treatment system in Rio de Janeiro]. PMID- 6221740 TI - [Didactic units on the objective and strategy of the primary care]. PMID- 6221741 TI - [Oral rehydration therapy]. PMID- 6221742 TI - [Rheumatic endocarditis (clinical reference)]. PMID- 6221743 TI - Significance of asymmetrically inverted T wave. AB - Two consecutive series of patients with a T wave asymmetry ratio of 2.0 or greater have been studied. Patients with bundle-branch block or who were on digoxin or a similar drug were excluded. In 50 of the 69 patients, the heart was examined either by echocardiography or by direct inspection. Sixty-one of the 69 patients had diseases commonly associated with left (or right) ventricular hypertrophy and/or dilatation. The remaining eight patients had clinically pure ischaemic heart disease. Of the 50 hearts examined by echocardiography or direct inspection (including six with pure ischaemic heart disease), 49 were found to have abnormal thickness of the left (or right) ventricle, or increased end diastolic left ventricular diameter, or a combination of hypertrophy and dilatation. In 12 of the 47 patients with left ventricular hypertrophy or dilatation, the electrocardiogram did not satisfy the Sokolow and Lyon voltage criterion of left ventricular hypertrophy. PMID- 6221744 TI - Diastolic mechanisms of impaired exercise tolerance in aortic valve disease. AB - In order to determine the significance of abnormalities of diastolic function in patients with left ventricular hypertrophy, exercise echocardiography to heart rates of 140 to 150 beats/min was performed in 18 normal subjects and 14 patients after aortic valve replacement. Simultaneous echo-, phono-, and electrocardiograms were recorded. Left ventricular cavity size was determined at end-diastole and end-systole. The timing of mitral valve opening and closure was measured, and hence left ventricular filling time derived, expressed either as ms/beat, or s/min when multiplied by heart rate. Isovolumic relaxation was taken as the interval between A2 and mitral valve opening. Systolic function, assessed from cavity dimensions, peak VCF, and QA2 interval was normal in all but two patients at rest and on exercise. Isovolumic relaxation was prolonged at rest in the patients to 85 +/- 8 ms (normal 69 +/- 9 ms), but left ventricular filling times were normal. With exercise, in normal subjects, isovolumic relaxation remained constant, but filling times dropped strikingly from 380 +/- 66 ms/beat, or 27 +/- 2 s/min at rest to 115 +/- 10 ms/beat or 16 +/- 2 s/min. In patients with left ventricular hypertrophy, isovolumic relaxation dropped on exercise to 41 +/- 15 ms. Filling periods were normal at rest, 367 +/- 67 ms/beat or 27 +/- 3 s/min, but failed to show the normal drop with exercise, being 240 +/- 44 ms/beat or 28 +/- 4 s/min. At heart rates above 120/min, separation between the two groups was complete. Thus, striking abnormalities of left ventricular filling can be demonstrated on exercise in patients with left ventricular hypertrophy. They appear to represent loss of mechanisms whereby rapid diastolic filling is achieved in the normal subject. PMID- 6221745 TI - Effects of azathioprine on the human mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR). PMID- 6221747 TI - Long-term changes in the diabetic state induced by different doses of streptozotocin in rats. AB - The long-term effects of different doses (0, 25, 35, 45, 55, 65 and 100 mg/kg) of streptozotocin (STZ) in male Wistar rats had been followed over a 16 week period. The weight-gain curve and the epididymal fat pad weight were significantly different (P less than 0.05) from control after 1 week with the 65 and 100 mg/kg doses and after 4 weeks with the 45 and 55 mg/kg doses; there were no significant changes with the 25 and 35 mg/kg doses even after 16 weeks. An i.v. glucose tolerance test (0.5 g/kg) was performed at 1, 4 or 16 weeks after the injection of STZ. The basal levels of glucose were significantly elevated (P less than 0.05) after 1 week with the greater than or equal to 55 mg/kg doses, and after 16 weeks with the greater than or equal to 45 mg/kg doses; there was also an overall increase in the basal glucose levels between 1 and 16 weeks in rats treated with the greater than or equal to 45 mg/kg doses. The basal insulin levels were significantly decreased (P less than 0.05) after 1 week with the greater than or equal to 65 mg/kg doses, after 4 weeks with the greater than or equal to 55 mg/kg doses and after 16 weeks with the greater than or equal to 35 mg/kg doses. The insulin peak 2 min after the glucose load was significantly less (P less than 0.05) after 1 week with the greater than or equal to 35 mg/kg doses and after 16 weeks with the greater than or equal to 25 mg/kg doses. The use of an insulinogenic index to assess the insulin secretory capacity showed a significant decrease (P less than 0.05) for the greater than or equal to 35 mg/kg doses at each tested time; with the 45 mg/kg dose, there was a further significant decrease (P less than 0.01) between the first and sixteenth week. The present long-term studies showed that there is a progressive deterioration in the glucose tolerance and insulin secretion after the injection of different doses of STZ. Furthermore, changes in glucose-insulin interrelationships over time suggest that the insulin insensitivity previously described in STZ diabetic rats might be only an early transient phenomenon. PMID- 6221746 TI - Endocrine effects of low dose aminoglutethimide alone in advanced postmenopausal breast cancer. AB - The site of action of aminoglutethimide (AG) has been investigated. An initial study was performed on 10 postmenopausal patients with advanced breast cancer who had taken 1000 mg AG per day and 20 mg hydrocortisone (HC) twice daily (b.d.) for greater than 3 months. There was a 15.5 +/- 5.6 s.e.-fold rise in 17-OH progesterone and a 4.9 +/- 0.9 s.e.-fold rise in 4 delta androstenedione but no rise in cortisol or oestrone 30 min after short Synacthen tests. These results suggested that peripheral aromatisation was a more important site of AG action than adrenal desmolase, and that adrenal 11 beta hydroxylase was inhibited. Since aromatase is more sensitive than desmolase to AG in vitro, lower doses of AG alone (i.e. without HC) were assessed for endocrine effects in 13 further post menopausal women with advanced breast cancer. All of these patients tolerated 125 mg AG b.d., but 3 could not tolerate the conventional maximum dose. Oestrone levels on 125 mg AG b.d. were suppressed below pretreatment levels and were not significantly different from those on 500 mg AG b.d. alone, or with the addition of HC. Oestradiol levels were suppressed to a similar extent. Dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHA-S) levels were not suppressed by AG alone, but fell on addition of HC. The endocrine results show low dose AG alone is an effective and well tolerated inhibitor of the peripheral production of oestrogens in postmenopausal patients. Therapeutic trials are now possible. DHA-S is not a marker of AG effect. PMID- 6221748 TI - The correlation between surface microscopy and dermal histology in tetradecane induced comedones in rabbit ear skin. AB - Three concentrations of tetradecane and liquid paraffin were applied daily for 4 weeks to the external ear skin of rabbits, and the average diameter of the follicular lesions was measured under the Leitz MZ surface microscope. These observations showed that the increase in the size of follicular lesions with tetradecane was dose-dependent and the maximum diameter was reached on the 14th day. Serial biopsies were also taken for routine histology, and undiluted tetradecane was shown to produce follicular hyperkeratosis, microcomedones, closed comedones and open comedones. A good correlation was obtained between the surface observations and the histological findings. The surface microscope provides a simple and convenient in vivo method for evaluating comedo formation. PMID- 6221749 TI - Ophthalmological side-effects of 13-cis-retinoid therapy. PMID- 6221750 TI - The use of dichloromethylene diphosphonate for the management of hypercalcaemia in multiple myeloma. AB - We have assessed the effects of the diphosphonate, dichloromethylene diphosphonate (Cl2MDP), in 19 patients with hypercalcaemia and increased bone resorption due to myeloma. Cl2MDP (800-3200 mg daily by mouth or 300 mg daily by intravenous infusion) decreased plasma calcium and biochemical indices of increased bone resorption in 16 of 19 patients. This effect persisted for the duration of treatment (up to 14 weeks). Prolonged treatment was associated with a progressive rise in serum alkaline phosphatase and only a transient fall in hydroxyproline suggesting the stimulation of bone repair. Since myeloma is associated with significant morbidity and mortality due to progressive bone loss, these results suggest that long-term treatment of myeloma with Cl2MDP is worthy of further study. PMID- 6221751 TI - Decreased T helper cells in the myelodysplastic syndromes. AB - The myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are disorders in which the abnormalities are thought to be confined to cells of the myeloid series. However, examination of peripheral blood from 56 patients with MDS showed that the majority had low lymphocyte counts. In a detailed study of 25 patients, using OKT3, OKT4 and OKT8 monoclonal antisera together with SRBC rosettes, it was shown that there is a consistent and significant reduction in peripheral blood T lymphocytes. This decrease was primarily confined to the OKT4-defined helper subpopulation. There is a consequent relative increase in the OKT8-defined subset but in absolute numbers however, suppressor cells are reduced compared to normal particularly in those patients with lymphopenia. No correlations between T cell abnormalities and the different morphological groups of MDS were found. The possible implications of the reversed helper/suppressor ratio in the pathogenesis of MDS are discussed. PMID- 6221752 TI - T-cell functional abnormality in B-chronic lymphocytic leukaemia: evidence of a defect of the T-helper subset. AB - The helper and suppressor capacity of T, T mu (T non gamma) and T gamma cells was assessed in a group of patients with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (B-CLL) in a pokeweed mitogen (PWM) stimulated system. The enriched T-cells (E-rosette positive) from all B-CLL cases showed a reduced capacity to induce the differentiation of normal B-lymphocytes compared with normal T-cells (P less than 0.005). After enrichment of the T mu cells, the helper/inducer capacity was still significantly depressed compared with the same fraction from normal controls (P less than 0.01). On the other hand, enriched T gamma cells from B-CLL were effective in suppressing the differentiation of normal B-lymphocytes to a similar degree as normal T gamma cells. These findings are indicative of a deficient T cell helper function in B-CLL, which appears to be unrelated to the clinical stage of the disease. The fractionation experiments suggest that this functional impairment is not only due to the abnormal T-cell subset distribution seen in the majority of cases, but point to a possible intrinsic defect within the T mu cell population. PMID- 6221753 TI - Helper/suppressor T-cell subpopulations in benign paraproteinaemia. PMID- 6221754 TI - Inferior epigastric haemorrhage, an avoidable complication of laparoscopic clip sterilization. AB - Forty laparoscopists were questioned as to their preferred site for introducing a Samaritan clip applicator during sterilization procedures. The introduction sites were compared with the location recommended by Lieberman (1976) and with the surface anatomy of the inferior epigastric vessels. Of those gynaecologists questioned, only 12% used a site within 1 cm of that recommended by Lieberman; 25% used a site within 1 cm of the epigastric vessels as suggested by surface anatomy. It is proposed that a second puncture site in the midline or at the lateral border of the rectus muscle should be used to avoid the complication of inferior epigastric vessel trauma at laparoscopic sterilization procedures. PMID- 6221755 TI - Changes in chemical properties of mitochondrial adenosinetriphosphatase upon removal of tightly bound nucleotides. AB - The removal of tightly bound nucleotides from mitochondrial F1-ATPase was found to affect the inhibition by ADP and chemical reactivity toward 7-chloro-4-nitro 2,1,3-benzoxadiazole (NBD-C1) and sulfhydryl reagents. Preincubation of nucleotide-depleted F1 with 40 microM ADP in the presence of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) resulted in a 51% inhibition of the steady state level of ATPase activity whereas only a 25% inhibition was observed for native F1. Both partially inhibited states of the enzyme could be reversed by the subsequent addition of ATP. Measurement of [14C]ADP binding to nucleotide depleted F1 in the presence of EDTA reveals three equivalent ADP binding sites with a Kd of 0.45 microM, and a fourth site of lower affinity. The sulfhydryl reagents 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) (DTNB) and N-ethylmaleimide (NEM) were found to inhibit the ATPase activity of nucleotide-depleted F1 but not native F1 or nucleotide-depleted F1 in the presence of ADP or ATP. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of nucleotide-depleted F1 labeled with [14C]NEM gave a 2-fold increase in incorporation into the (alpha + beta) subunits and a 7-fold increase in label in the gamma subunit after 90 min compared to when ADP was present during the reaction. ADP binding to the noncatalytic sites enhanced the rate of inhibition of nucleotide-depleted F1 by NBD-C1 about 2-fold while retarding the subsequent intramolecular transfer from an essential phenol group to an amino group about 2.8-fold. The results suggest a conformational change in F1 caused by changes in nucleotide--protein interaction at the noncatalytic sites. PMID- 6221756 TI - Purification and functional properties of the DCCD-reactive proteolipid subunit of the H+-translocating ATPase from Mycobacterium phlei. AB - Interaction of N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCCD) with ATPase of Mycobacterium phlei membranes results in inactivation of ATPase activity. The rate of inactivation of ATPase was pseudo-first order for the initial 30-65% inactivation over a concentration range of 5-50 microM DCCD. The second-order rate constant of the DCCD-ATPase interaction was k = 8.5 X 10(5) M-1 X min(-1). The correlation between the initial binding of [14C]DCCD and 100% inactivation of ATPase activity shows 1.57 nmol DCCD bound per mg membrane protein. The proteolipid subunit of the F0F1-ATPase complex in membranes of M. phlei with which DCCD covalently reacts to inhibit ATPase was isolated by labeling with [14C]DCCD. The proteolipid was purified from the membrane in free and DCCD-modified form by extraction with chloroform/methanol and subsequent chromatography on Sephadex LH-20. The polypeptide was homogeneous on SDS-acrylamide gel electrophoresis and has an apparent molecular weight of 8000. The purified proteolipid contains phosphatidylinositol (67%), phosphatidylethanolamine (18%) and cardiolipin (8%). Amino acid analysis indicates that glycine, alanine and leucine were present in elevated amounts, resulting in a polarity of 27%. Cysteine and tryptophan were lacking. Butanol-extracted proteolipid mediated the translocation of protons across the bilayer, in K+-loaded reconstituted liposomes, in response to a membrane potential difference induced by valinomycin. The proton translocation was inhibited by DCCD, as measured by the quenching of fluorescence of 9 aminoacridine. Studies show that vanadate inhibits the proton gradient driven by ATP hydrolysis in membrane vesicles of M. phlei by interacting with the proteolipid subunit sector of the F0F1-ATPase complex. PMID- 6221757 TI - The ADP- and Mg2+-reactive calcium complex of the phosphoenzyme in skeletal sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase. AB - The effects of ATP on Ca2+ binding in the absence of added Mg2+ to the purified sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase were studied at pH 7.0 and 0 degrees C. ATP increased the number of Ca2+-binding sites of the enzyme from 2 to 3 mol per mol of phosphorylatable enzyme. The association constant for the ATP-induced Ca2+ binding was 4 X 10(5) M-1, which was not significantly different from that obtained in the absence of ATP. AdoP[CH2]PP had little effect on the Ca2+-binding process. The amount of phosphoenzyme formed was equivalent to the level of ATP induced Ca2+ binding. ADP decreased the level of ATP-induced Ca2+ binding and phosphoenzyme by the same amount. These results suggest that ATP-induced Ca2+ binding exists in the form of an ADP-reactive phosphoenzyme . Ca complex. In addition, the Ca2+ bound to the enzyme in the presence of ATP was released on the addition of 1 mM MgCl2; after the release of Ca2+, the phosphoenzyme decayed. These observations suggest that Mg2+, added after the ATP-induced Ca2+-binding process, may replace the Ca2+ on the phosphoenzyme and initiate phosphoenzyme decomposition. PMID- 6221758 TI - Molecular slipping in redox and ATPase H+ pumps. AB - The titration of the mitochondrial ATPase H+ pump with oligomycin has been compared with the titration of the redox H+ pump with antimycin. In both cases there is extensive inhibition of the pumps without significant depression of delta muH. The two pumps exhibit 'nonohmic' behavior in different ranges of delta muH. This discrepancy favors the hypothesis of nontightly coupled or 'slipping' H+ pumps with respect to that of a steep dependence of the membrane 'leak' conductance for H+ on delta muH. PMID- 6221759 TI - Inhibition of Ca2+-transport ATPase from synaptosomal vesicles by flavonoids. AB - The inhibitory action of the flavonoid quercetin has been examined on the calcium transport ATPase of synaptosomal vesicles and compared to that of two other flavonoids, morin and rutin. We have found that while quercetin caused a 50% inhibition of calcium transport at a concentration of 15 microM, morin and rutin had similar effects at concentrations of about 200 microM. A similar order of potency was observed also for ATP hydrolysis, though at higher concentrations. Quercetin also strongly inhibited phosphorylation of membrane proteins by ATP in synaptosomal vesicles. Rutin and morin had an almost negligible effect on membrane protein phosphorylation. The order of inhibitory potency of the flavonoids on the Ca2+-transport ATPase from synaptosomal vesicles: quercetin greater than morin greater than rutin, could be linked to their possible solubility in the membrane lipid phase since: (1) it paralleled their partitioning between a mixture of oil and water; (2) it paralleled their uptake from the reaction mixture by synaptosomal vesicles and phosphatidylcholine liposomes; (3) they had almost equal potency as inhibitors of the water soluble system of histone phosphorylation by protein kinase. PMID- 6221760 TI - Effects of adenosine diphosphate on Ca2+ fluxes and Ca2+ accumulation of sarcoplasmic reticulum. AB - Ca2+ transport by sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles was examined by incubating sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles (0.15 mg/ml) at 37 degrees C in, either normal medium that contained 0.15 M sucrose, 0.1 M KCl, 60 microM CaCl2, 2.5 mM ATP and 30 mM Tes at pH 6.8, or a modified medium for elimination of ADP formed from ATP hydrolysis by including, in addition, 3.6 mM phosphocreatine and 33 U/ml of creatine phosphokinase. In normal medium, Ca2+ uptake of sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles reached a plateau of about 100 nmol/mg. In modified medium, after this phase of Ca2+ uptake, a second phase of Ca2+ accumulation was initiated and reached a plateau of about 300 nmol/mg. The second phase of Ca2+ accumulation was accompanied by phosphate uptake and could be inhibited by ADP. Since, under these experimental conditions, there was no significant difference of the rates of ATP hydrolysis in normal medium and modified medium, extra Ca2+ uptake in modified medium but not in normal medium could not be explained by different phosphate accumulation in the two media. Unidirectional Ca2+ influx of sarcoplasmic reticulum near steady state of Ca2+ uptake was measured by pulse labeling with 45Ca2+. The Ca2+ efflux rate was then determined by subtracting the net uptake from the influx rate. At the first plateau of Ca2+ uptake in normal medium, Ca2+ influx was balanced by Ca2+ efflux with an exchange rate of 240 nmol/mg per min. This exchange rate was maintained relatively constant at the plateau phase. In modified medium, the Ca2+ exchange rate at the first plateau of Ca2+ uptake was about half of that in normal medium. When the second phase of Ca2+ uptake was initiated, both the influx and efflux rates started to increase and reached a similar exchange rate as observed in normal medium. Also, during the second phase of Ca2+ uptake, the difference between the influx and efflux rates continued to increase until the second plateau phase was approached. In conditions where the formation of ADP and inorganic phosphate was minimized by using a low concentration of sarcoplasmic (7.5 micrograms/ml) and/or using acetyl phosphate instead of ATP, the second phase of Ca2+ uptake was also observed. These data suggest that the Ca2+ load attained by sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles during active transport is modulated by ADP accumulated from ATP hydrolysis. ADP probably exerts its effect by facilitating Ca2+ efflux, which subsequently stimulates Ca2+ exchange. PMID- 6221761 TI - Hysteretic activation of the Ca2+ pump revealed by calcium transients in human red cells. AB - The enzymatic basis for the Ca2+ pump in human red cells is an ATPase with hysteretic properties. The Ca2+-ATPase shifts slowly between a ground state deficient in calmodulin and an active state saturated with calmodulin, and rate constants for the reversible shifts of state were recently determined at different Ca2+ concentrations (Scharff, O. and Foder, B. (1982) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 691, 133-143). In order to study whether the Ca2+ pump in intact red cells also exhibits hysteretic properties we have analysed transient increases of intracellular calcium concentrations (Cai), induced by the divalent cation ionophore A23187. The time-dependent changes of Cai were measured by use of radioactive calcium (45Ca2+) and analysed with the aid of a mathematical model, based partly on the Ca2+-dependent parameters obtained from Ca2+-ATPase experiments, partly on the A23187-induced Ca2+ fluxes determined in experiments with intact red cells. According to the model a delay in the activation of the Ca2+ pump is a prerequisite for the occurrence of A23187-induced calcium transients in the red cells, and we conclude that the Ca2+ pump in human red cells responds hysteretically. It is suggested that Ca2+ pumps in other types of cell also have hysteretic properties. PMID- 6221762 TI - The ionic requirements for regulation by molluscan thin filaments. AB - Initial studies on molluscan muscle regulation indicated that thin filaments do not confer Ca2+-dependence on vertebrate myosin ATPase, and hence that molluscan muscles do not possess thin filament-linked regulatory systems. Subsequently it was shown that molluscan thin filaments do, in fact, impart Ca2+-sensitivity but only at Mg2+ concentrations greater than those used in the earlier studies. In the present study it is shown that Mg2+ prevents significant dissociation of tropomyosin and troponin subunits from thin filaments at the low monovalent ion concentrations typically employed to assay actomyosin ATPase; as a result Mg2+ allows expression of the molluscan thin filament regulatory system under these conditions. PMID- 6221763 TI - Comparisons of the structures of the chromosomal high mobility group proteins HMG1 and HMG2 prepared under conditions of neutral and acidic pH. AB - The chromosomal proteins HMG1 and 2 have been prepared by salt extraction and phosphocellulose chromatography at neutral pH (Isackson, P.J., Debold, W.A. and Reeck, G.R. (1980) FEBS Lett. 119, 337-342) to minimize protein denaturation. The structures of these phosphocellulose-prepared high mobility group proteins have been compared with those of high mobility group proteins using the previously described acid-extraction conditions which fully denature the proteins. When compared in the same solvent conditions the acid-extracted proteins did not refold to give the same level of alpha-helical and tertiary folded structures as the phosphocellulose-prepared proteins, suggesting that acid treatment can cause some irreversible damage to the proteins. This finding was supported by changes in the structure observed when phosphocellulose-prepared HMG1 was neutralized after exposure to acid. Gel filtration studies reveal no differences in the size of the high mobility group proteins, phosphocellulose-prepared and acid-extracted proteins both being largely monomeric in solution. Little difference was detected in the DNA-binding properties of the two types of protein, nor was there any difference in the oxidation state of the cysteines. However, isoelectric focusing analysis revealed differences in the subfractions of HMG2 prepared by the two methods. PMID- 6221764 TI - Purification and characterization of an alpha-actinin-like protein from porcine kidney. AB - An alpha-actinin-like protein was partially purified from the Triton-insoluble cytoskeleton of porcine kidney by 0.6 M MgCl2 treatment, ammonium sulfate fractionation, DEAE-cellulose chromatography and hydroxyapatite chromatography. Apparent purity of the kidney protein was approximately 90% by quantitative densitometry of Coomassie-stained polyacrylamide gels. The kidney alpha-actinin like protein is very similar to muscle alpha-actinins by the following criteria: (1) both kidney protein and muscle alpha-actinins bind to F-actin at a similar ratio; (2) both proteins demonstrate no difference in the actomyosin turbidity assay and the ATPase assay for alpha-actinin activity; (3) both native proteins contain a large core of identical molecular weight resistant to trypsin; (4) on two-dimensional gels, both kidney protein and muscle alpha-actinins have similar isoelectric points of 5.9-6.1. However, kidney alpha-actinin-like protein is not identical in every respect with muscle alpha-actinins. Electrophoretic mobility of the kidney protein is slightly greater than that of chicken gizzard alpha actinin and is identical to that of a component of chicken skeletal muscle alpha actinin. One-dimensional peptide mappings of the kidney protein and muscle alpha actinins were significantly different from each other. The interaction between kidney alpha-actinin-like protein and F-actin is sensitive to Ca2+. Similar Ca2+ sensitivity was observed with other non-muscle cell alpha-actinins. PMID- 6221765 TI - [Packing of binding stained DNA strands in bacteriophage lambda]. AB - Distribution of stainable DNA strands in phage lambda has been studied by polarized fluorescence. The effect of tight DNA-packing on fluorescence depolarization of complex dye-DNA was calculated. It is shown that stainable DNA in the phage is not concentrated in the central region. The arrangement of acridine orange molecules on the surface layers of the packed DNA is the most probable one. PMID- 6221766 TI - Ovarian activity during normal and abnormal length estrous cycles in the goat. AB - Ovarian and behavioral cyclicity were studied during 3-5 estrous cycles in a group of 10 multiparous, Nubian does. Changes in ovarian morphology throughout the estrous cycle were identified and photographed laparoscopically. Forty-eight estrous cycles were observed during the study and of these, 21 were abnormally short in duration (mean +/- SEM, 6.5 +/- 0.5 days). Mean duration of the estrous cycle for the 27 normal length cycles was 21.5 +/- 0.8 days. Eighteen/21 (86%) of the short cycles and 6/27 (22%) of the normal cycles were initiated during early breeding season (between September 1st and October 15th). There were no differences (P greater than 0.05) in the duration of estrus for the short (mean, 2.9 +/- 0.3 days) and normal (mean, 2.8 +/- 0.8 days) cycle groups. A total of 6/11 (55%) of the short duration cycles examined laparoscopically appeared to be anovulatory, but ovulation was observed in all normal cycles examined. The number of corpora lutea (CL) observed during normal length and short estrous cycles was 3.1 +/- 0.2 and 2.2 +/- 0.2, respectively (P less than 0.01). The cumulative percentage of does that showed morphological evidence of ovulation by the first, second and fifth day after the onset of estrus was 30%, 60% and 100%, respectively. Based on distinct differences in morphology and development, 2 types of CL were identified. The maximum visible diameter of Type I and Type II CL was 9.4 +/- 0.6 mm and 5.1 +/- 0.5 mm, respectively. These data document ovarian morphology throughout the normal and abnormal duration estrous cycle of the goat and indicate that 1) short estrous cycles observed early in the breeding season are associated with prematurely regressing CL or anovulation and 2) the ovary produces 2 morphologically distinct types of CL which differ not only in size and appearance, but also potentially in postovulatory function and longevity. PMID- 6221767 TI - Estrogen and androgen production by purified Leydig cells of mature boars. AB - Purified Leydig cells were obtained from testes of mature male pigs by collagenase treatment and mechanical dispersion, followed by Percoll (0-90%) density gradient centrifugation. The cells recovered at 40-45% Percoll were applied to a second gradient of 15 ml of Percoll (10-60%) to yield three bands, one major and two lesser in numbers of cells. Incubations were then made with 0.25-1.0 X 10(6) cells at 34 degrees C for 3 h in 95% O2: 5% CO2, with or without human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) added to the medium. Steroid concentration was determined by radioimmunoassays. The steroids measured in the media were testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHAS) and estrone sulfate (E1S). Lesser amounts of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHA) and estrone (E1) were found. Stimulation by hCG led to an increase in apparent steroid production for all steroids, including estrogens, with the greatest quantities seen with DHAS (greater than 200 ng/1 X 10(6) cells/3 h). Cells in the major band gave the best response. These results show that Leydig cells are a significant site of estrogen production in the boar testis and that this organ is a source of an abundant supply of such cells. PMID- 6221768 TI - Fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry of steroid sulphates: qualitative and quantitative analyses. AB - Negative ion mass spectra obtained by fast atom bombardment of glycerol solutions of steroid sulphates include the steroid sulphate anion as the single prominent feature. High sensitivity is achieved, with full spectra obtained for samples of less than 15 ng. Differentiation of the isomeric steroids, dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate and testosterone sulphate, is made by comparison of the products of fragmentation of metastable ions. Analyses of biological extracts suffer from poorly-understood matrix effects which may cause partial or complete suppression of the signal attributable to steroid sulphates. Use of an immunoadsorption extraction technique, however, has permitted the detection and approximate quantification (using a (2H2) analogue as internal standard) of dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate in blood plasma. Interference from glycerol background is avoided by preparation of the pentafluorobenzyloxime derivatives. PMID- 6221769 TI - Evidence for histidine residues in the immunoglobulin-binding site of human Clq. AB - The immunoglobulin-binding activity of subcomponent Clq of human complement is lost following treatment with diethylpyrocarbonate; the inactivation showed first order kinetics with respect to time and modifier concentration. Soluble IgG oligomers protected Clq against diethylpyrocarbonate modification. Treatment of modified Clq with hydroxylamine resulted in an 85% recovery of its ability to bind to aggregated immunoglobulin. The inactivation process was associated with modification of 12.1 +/- 0.7 histidine residues per Clq molecule. These data are consistent with the presence of histidine residues in the immunoglobulin-binding sites of Clq; these residues may participate in ionic interactions with the carboxyl groups known to be in the Clq binding site of IgG. PMID- 6221770 TI - [Effect of a specific alloantiserum against T-suppressor cells on the resistance of mice to tuberculosis]. AB - Mouse alloantiserum obtained by immunization of/DBA/2X XB10. A (3R)/F1 hybrids with thymic lymphocytes stimulated with Con A of B10.A(%) mice (anti-I-Jk) was tested in the microcytotoxic assay and in functional test of the survival of mice infected with tuberculosis. Serum was found to react with population of the cells from the lymph nodes of A/Sh, A2G, B10.AKM, and A.TL (I-Jk) mice, and was not active with B10.HTT (I-Js), B10 (I-Jb), B10,D2 (R107) (I-Jb), B6-H-2bm3 (I-Jb). Administration of the antiserum to mice infected with tuberculosis made the survival of the I-Jk-bearing strains significantly longer. PMID- 6221771 TI - Lymphocytes with parallel tubular structures: morphologically a distinctive subpopulation. AB - Peripheral blood lymphocytes were fractionated in T, B and Null cell enriched subsets by means of sheep red blood cell rosette (ESRBC) sedimentation and nylon wool adherence. The ultrastructural features of these subpopulation were investigated. The T cell fraction in which the sheep erythrocytes were removed from the ESRBC rosette-forming cells (ESRBC-RFC) by lysis with ammonium chloride, consisted mainly of two morphologically distinctive subsets. The majority of the cells (80%) displayed a smooth surface membrane and had a high nuclear to cytoplasmic ratio with few cytoplasmic organelles. The other cell type (18%) had a relatively rough surface membrane, a low nuclear to cytoplasmic ratio, often an indented nucleus and numerous cytoplasmic organelles such as characteristic amorphous granules and sometimes parallel tubular structures (p.t.s.). If the T cells were obtained after mechanical vibration of the ESRBC-RFC, the majority of these cells appeared morphologically identical to this latter cell type. Cells with p.t.s. and amorphous granules were also demonstrated within the Null and B cell enriched fractions (50% and 25% respectively), though in the B cell enriched fraction this cell type is probably due to a contamination of Null cells. Previous observations had already demonstrated that these cells in the three fractions represent the Fc gamma receptor-bearing lymphocytes. The similarities suggest that the Fc gamma receptor-bearing and p.t.s. containing lymphocytes form a morphologically distinct subpopulation. PMID- 6221772 TI - Modeling of the covalent attachment of chloroaniline residues to quinoidal sites of soil humus. PMID- 6221773 TI - Focal lung uptake of technetium 99m methylene diphosphonate associated with pulmonary emboli and hypercalcaemia. PMID- 6221774 TI - Advanced carcinoma of the prostate: treatment with a gonadotrophin releasing hormone agonist. AB - Ten patients with advanced progressive adenocarcinoma of the prostate were treated with a long acting analogue of gonadotrophin releasing hormone. Eight of these patients responded to treatment in terms of pain relief and clinical regression of tumour. Serum gonadotrophin and testosterone concentrations were significantly suppressed by the end of the second week of treatment, testosterone concentrations being comparable with those achieved by castration. The two patients who failed to respond had both relapsed previously when receiving conventional treatment, and neither showed any endocrine response to the analogue. Superagonists of gonadotrophin releasing hormone may be the treatment of choice in adenocarcinoma of the prostate, but further trials are required to establish long term safety and efficacy. PMID- 6221775 TI - Cefuroxime, thiamphenicol, spectinomycin, and penicillin G in uncomplicated infections due to penicillinase-producing strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. AB - The use of cefuroxime and thiamphenicol in uncomplicated gonococcal infection was studied in 562 women confined to a clinic to preclude reinfection before cultural confirmation of cure. Cefuroxime was as effective as spectinomycin in the treatment of infections due to penicillinase-producing strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae (PPNG) and was significantly more effective than 4.8 units of aqueous procaine penicillin G with probenecid among non-penicillinase-producing (non PPNG) strains. Thiamphenicol was highly effective against PPNG, but the failure rate in infections with non-PPNG was high and appeared to be related to the minimum inhibitory concentrations of thiamphenicol. This rate was not, however, significantly higher than that for PPNG strains. Thiamphenicol might therefore be used as an alternative for infections due to PPNG strains. If, however, thiamphenicol is used widely, selection of more resistant strains and thus an increasing proportion of failures may be expected. PMID- 6221776 TI - Electron microscopic observations on the synaptic contacts of group Ia muscle spindle afferents in the cat lumbosacral spinal cord. AB - After intra-axonal injection of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) into afferent fibers originating from muscle spindle primary endings of the cat gastrocnemius, group Ia boutons located in the ventral horn of the spinal cord were identified and studied electron microscopically. The Ia boutons were invariably found to contain spherical synaptic vesicles (S-type boutons), and a number of them were also postsynaptic to smaller P-type boutons (large S-type boutons with axo-axonic contacts). None of the present Ia-boutons belonged to the previously described M type. The vast majority of the studied boutons were considered to be located at less than 500 microns distance from the alpha-motoneuron soma. The results are discussed in relation to previous light and electron microscopic data. PMID- 6221778 TI - [Value of continuous registration of blood D-beta-hydroxybutyrate and glucose. Application in a case of acromegaly]. AB - We describe the use of an autoanalyzer II for continuous whole blood D-beta hydroxybutyrate and glucose monitoring. The former is analyzed by an enzymatic fluorimetric determination. This method is simple, reliable and sensitive at low cost. It permits to record dynamic patterns of the two major energetic substrates in response to various stimuli, as shown in an acromegalic patient following a glucose load. PMID- 6221777 TI - Role of serotonin in estrogen-progesterone induced luteinizing hormone release in ovariectomized rats. AB - Pharmacological agents were used to manipulate the surge of luteinizing hormone (LH) induced by progesterone in ovariectomized rats primed with estradiol benzoate. The LH surge was abolished with p-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA), an inhibitor of tryptophan hydroxylase, and restored by 5-hydroxytryptophan, a serotonin precursor. Serotonin receptor agonists, quipazine and N-N-dimethyl-5 methoxytryptamine, were also capable of inducing an LH surge in rats pretreated with PCPA. The serotonin reuptake blocker chlorimipramine was ineffective in stimulating LH release in PCPA blocked animals. Another reuptake blocker, zimelidine was only partially effective in this regard. These two reuptake blockers, as well as amitriptyline, when injected to non-PCPA treated rats led to the reduction or inhibition of the expected LH surge. Four serotonin receptor antagonists, cyproheptadine, methysergide, cinanserin and SQ-10,631, were each able to reduce or abolish the progesterone induced surge of LH. These results suggest that some of the reuptake blockers of serotonin are also capable of inhibiting receptor binding for this neurotransmitter and strongly indicate that serotonin has a stimulatory role in the steroid induced release of LH in castrated rats. PMID- 6221780 TI - [Electrophoresis of native cardiac myosin in Anura amphibians]. AB - Electrophoresis in non dissociating conditions of native cardiac myosin was adapted to the study of Amphibian myosin. Utilization of potassium ion has allowed to obtain a good separation of myosin isoenzymes. An evolution of isoenzymic composition of cardiac myosin during metamorphosis and aging in Xenopus laevis (Daudin) was observed. PMID- 6221779 TI - [Differential effect of fractionated irradiation and the administration of 5 fluorouracil on a mammary tumor in the BALB/c/Cnb mouse]. PMID- 6221781 TI - [Selection of motile spermatozoa from human sperm by migration in follicular fluid]. AB - Using the property of human follicular fluid activation or "attraction" of human spermatozoa, a number of motile and active sperm was isolated from a sample of generally deficient sperm. The objective was to improve the success of artificial insemination of the conjoint. It was shown that it is possible to collect a much higher number of spermatozoa in the follicular fluid than in Menezzo's fluid. Taking into account the known toxicity of follicular fluid, the best results, based on number and motility were obtained with an mixture of follicular fluid and Menezzo's fluid in the ratio of 1:1. PMID- 6221782 TI - [Biological behavior of a vascularized cortical bone graft. Experimental study of the rabbit fibula]. AB - The study of the biological course of a vascularized osseous graft was performed on 64 fibulae in rabbits. Using radiography, standard histology, tetracyclines markage and study of 47-calcium incorporation as means of control. The time limits of control are fixed at the 5th, 10th, 15th and 21st day and at the 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 5th month. The results show that if they are vascularized or not, the osseous grafts are not subjected to the rule: everything or nothing: "everything is not living in a vascularized osseous graft and everything is not dying in a conventional osseous graft". As for the good quality of the recipient bed, there is no significant difference between the healing time of those two types of grafts. PMID- 6221783 TI - [Metabolism of dihydrotestosterone in cultured skin fibroblasts: reduction to 5 alpha-androstane-3 alpha, 17 beta-diol]. AB - Reduction of dihydrotestosterone into 5 alpha-androstan-3 alpha, 17 beta diol by 3 alpha hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase was studied in human cultured skin fibroblasts. Characterization of the 3 alpha diol was performed by gas-liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. Sex skin fibroblasts enzyme has the same Km (9.10 X 10(-6) M) as that of non sex skin fibroblasts (8.75 X 10(-6) M). On the other hand, reduction of DHT is 3 times higher in sex skin fibroblasts (Vmax = 223.9) than in non sex skin fibroblasts (Vmax = 87.9). Thus, human culturel fibroblasts appear again to be an useful tool for the study of a key enzyme of androgen metabolism in target cells. PMID- 6221784 TI - [Wet-dog shaking behavior in rats in hippocampal kindling]. AB - The kindling phenomenon, induced by repetitive electrical stimulation of the hippocampus of the rat is associated with the production of a particular behavior: the Wet Dog Shakes (WDS). The evolution of WDS is strongly and negatively correlated with the intensification of motor seizures. Some differences can be seen in the occurrence of WDS according to whether the stimulation is applied in dorsal or in ventral hippocampus. Although the anatomical substrate responsible for this behavior is not clearly defined, the relationship between WDS and kindling let us consider it as an index of the generalization of the epilepsy. PMID- 6221785 TI - Effect of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol on sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium transport in strontium-fed chicks. AB - Feeding of chicks with strontium, an inhibitor of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol synthesis in kidney, during 7 days, significantly depressed the initial rate of calcium uptake and calcium storing capacity of sarcoplasmic reticulum membranes from skeletal muscle. Oral administration of 1,25(OH)2D3 to strontium-fed animals returned calcium transport values to normal. The changes observed could not be related to differences in the relative proportions of transport ATPase and calcium binding proteins. The results are consistent with a role of 1,25(OH)2D3 in muscle function. PMID- 6221786 TI - Reversal of decreased phosphorylation of sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium transport ATPase by 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol in experimental uremia. AB - When compared to that from sham-operated controls, sarcoplasmic reticulum isolated from skeletal muscle of uremic rabbits had a lower rate of calcium uptake and storing capacity. In vivo administration of 1,25 dihydroxycholecalciferol [1,25(OH)2D3] restored the values in uremic animals toward normal. To obtain information about the mechanisms responsible for these differences, phosphorylation of the calcium transport ATPase was studied. The steady-state levels of phosphoprotein in uremic membranes were lower and returned to normal when the secosteroid was administered. Electrophoresis of the membranes phosphorylated with 32P-inosine triphosphate (32P-ITP) showed that the differences were related to a 100,000 dalton protein. The rate of phosphoprotein formation, determined with 32P-ITP and at 0 degrees C, was considerably lower in uremic than in control animals. Pretreatment with 1,25(OH)2D3 prevented this change. The hypothesis is advanced that the vitamin D metabolite affects the steady-state concentration and rate constant of formation of active sites in the Ca-ATPase. These results may partly explain the altered Ca transport function of the sarcoplasmic reticulum in experimental uremia. PMID- 6221787 TI - Effect of liver plasma membranes on G-actin. I. Possible implication of membrane NPases in inactivation of G-actin. AB - G-actin incubated in the presence of a liver fraction enriched in plasma membranes is rapidly inactivated, as indicated by the biphasic loss of polymerizability and DNase inhibition. The rates of inactivation as measured by viscosity are greatly influenced by temperature, but almost independent of membrane concentrations at least in the low range of concentrations tested (less than 250 micrograms protein/ml). The loss of DNase inhibition capacity proceeds at rates two to three times slower than the loss of polimerizability. The inactivation of actin in the presence of membranes cannot be attributed to proteolysis nor to a phosphorylation of actin by membranes. However, it is shown that in the course of the incubation, medium ATP is rapidly converted into AMP and adenosine and that the destruction of ATP is almost complete at the start of the inactivation process. A mechanism is presented relating the destruction of ATP to actin inactivation. PMID- 6221788 TI - Effect of liver plasma membranes on G-actin. II. Fate of actin-bound nucleotide. AB - G-actin incubated in presence of a liver fraction enriched in plasma membranes rapidly denatures, as evidenced by the biphasic loss of polymerizability and DNase inhibition. The inactivation is shown to result from the loss of actin bound nucleotide induced by the rapid destruction of free nucleotides by membrane NPases. This is further supported by the observation that addition of either ATP or ADP to actin that has been exposed to membranes completely stops the denaturation process and partly restores polymerizing capacity. The biphasic aspect of inactivation is explained by the protective action of AMP and (or) adenosine formed in the course of the incubation. PMID- 6221789 TI - Malignant lymphocytic lymphoma. Demonstration of a serum inhibitor of myelopoiesis and response to combination chemotherapy. AB - A case of diffuse well differentiated lymphocytic lymphoma with associated leukopenia, is described. The colony-forming unit (CFU-C) assay was used to quantitate myeloid precursor cells and to test for the presence of suppressor cells and/or serum factors inhibiting myeloid cell proliferation. Mild suppression of CFU-C was noted with the patient's bone marrow cells in coculture studies with normal marrow. The patient's serum, when added to the culture of normal bone marrow cells, produced a marked decrease in CFU-C. Treatment with combination chemotherapy (prednisone, cyclophosphamide, and vincristine) produced a clinical response with correction of the leukopenia. Post-treatment serum did not produce a significant reduction in CFU-C from normal bone marrow. PMID- 6221790 TI - Effect of probenecid and N'-methylnicotinamide on renal handling of cis dichlorodiammineplatinum-II in rats. AB - The renal handling of cisplatin was investigated in Sprague-Dawley rats in the presence and absence of probenecid and N'-methylnicotinamide. The renal clearance of free cisplatin was not significantly different from the glomerular filtration rate. N'-Methylnicotinamide, an organic cation, did not affect cisplatin clearance. Administration of probenecid, an organic anion, resulted in a significant increase in cisplatin clearance to 169% of the glomerular filtration rate. These results suggest that cisplatin or a metabolite is excreted by the kidney by a complex process which includes glomerular filtration, secretion and active reabsorption via the organic acid transport system. PMID- 6221791 TI - Changes of blood T cell subsets following radiation therapy for breast cancer. AB - The changes of the size of various T cell subsets in the blood, as defined by monoclonal antibodies and Fc-receptors for IgG and IgM, were examined in 11 women after postoperative radiation therapy (45 Gy) for breast cancer. All subsets of T cells were significantly reduced at completion of irradiation. The most extensive depletion was noted in a subset with receptors for IgG, which may exert suppression. Approximately 1 year later this subset had recovered significantly in parallel with another subset, also rich in suppressor T cells, which was detected by monoclonal antibodies. On the contrary, T cell subsets rich in cells with helper activity did not exhibit any significant recovery. PMID- 6221792 TI - 5'-Deoxy-5-fluorouridine selective toxicity for human tumor cells compared to human bone marrow. AB - Studies were completed to establish the comparative cytotoxicity of 5'-deoxy-5 fluorouridine (5'-dFUrd) and other fluoropyrimidines in human bone marrow stem cells and several cultured human tumor cell lines (i.e., 47-DN and MCF-7 breast carcinomas, MG-63 osteosarcoma, HCT-8 colon tumor, Colo-357 pancreatic tumor, and HL-60 promyelocytic leukemia). In vitro clonogenic assays were used to measure cytotoxicity following a 3-hr drug exposure. 5'-dFUrd was less potent than was 5 fluorouracil or 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine in all cells examined, exhibiting its best activity against the 47-DN [concentration that prevented 50% clonal growth compared to untreated control (LD50) = 32 microM] and MCF-7 (LD50 = 35 microM) breast carcinomas and MG-63 osteosarcoma (LD50 = 41 microM). Intermediate activity was observed against HCT-8 (LD50 = 200 microM) and Colo-357 (LD50 = 150 microM) gastrointestinal tumors. 5'-dFUrd had very poor activity against the HL 60 leukemia (LD50 = 470 microM). The suppression of the clonal growth of human bone marrow stem cells required the greatest amount of 5'-dFUrd (LD50 = 580 microM). With use of these studies, a therapeutic ratio (concentration that prevented 25% clonal growth compared to untreated control of bone marrow divided by LD50 of tumor) was calculated for each drug in each tumor. 5'-dFUrd had values ranging from 1.2 to 7.5 for the solid tumors and 0.5 in HL-60 cells. This was in marked contrast to 5-fluorouracil, or 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine, which failed in all cases to have ratios greater than or equal to one. The results indicate that 5'-dFUrd can exhibit a cytotoxic selectivity for human tumor cells compared to human bone marrow stem cells that does not exist for 5-fluorouracil or 5-fluoro 2'-deoxyuridine. This suggests that 5'-dFUrd may be of greater therapeutic benefit in the treatment of certain human cancers than the fluoropyrimidines used currently. PMID- 6221793 TI - Decreased immunosuppression associated with antitumor activity of 5-deoxy-5 fluorouridine compared to 5-fluorouracil and 5-fluorouridine. AB - 5-Fluorouracil (5-FUra), 5-deoxy-5-fluorouridine (5'dFUrd), and 5-fluorouridine were compared for their relative antitumor activity, their capacity to inhibit leukocyte exudation and macrophage (macrophage) killing of tumor cells in vivo and in vitro, and their ability to induce leukopenia and monocytopenia. 5'dFUrd was less toxic than 5-FUra and exhibited anti-Ehrlich ascites activity over a wider range of drug doses. Inflammatory exudates induced by thioglycollate or pyran were inhibited up to 91% by prior 5-FUra injection but were inhibited not more than 62% by 5'dFUrd. Pyran-induced macrophage inhibition of Ehrlich ascites proliferation in vivo was diminished up to 5-fold by 5-FUra but was never diminished more than 2-fold by 5'dFUrd, while neither agent suppressed in vitro macrophage cytotoxicity of in vivo pyran-activated macrophage. At high doses, 5 FUra reduced white blood cell counts 73%, in contrast to the 8% reduction caused by 5'dFUrd, while at their optimal anti-Ehrlich ascites doses, 5-FUra and 5'dFUrd both lowered white blood cell counts by only 20%. However, 5-FUra caused a severe monocytopenia not seen in animals given injections of comparable doses of 5'dFUrd. Therefore, 5-FUra appeared to inhibit the inflammatory response and antitumor activity by inhibiting the influx of immature macrophage into the peritoneal cavity, not by inhibiting the function of mature effector cells. PMID- 6221794 TI - Biochemical prophage induction assay: a rapid test for antitumor agents that interact with DNA. AB - A biochemical (colorimetric) assay of bacteriophage lambda induction was utilized in the detection, identification, and purification of DNA-interacting natural products with potential antitumor activity. A set of 142 standard antibiotics, composed principally of natural products with established antitumor activity and/or defined mechanisms of action, was tested in the assay. As expected, most inducers were direct inhibitors of DNA synthesis. A few other types of inducer, with probable indirect effects on DNA synthesis, were found after prolonged incubation: one class of RNA synthesis inhibitor, a dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor; and two inhibitors of bacterial cell wall synthesis. The biochemical induction assay was semiautomated for use as a prescreen in the search for novel antitumor agents in 10,724 actinomycete fermentation broths. Approximately 1% of the cultures produced compounds that were active in the assay; some appear to be novel. None required metabolic activation (via rat liver S9) for inducing activity. The biochemical induction assay was adapted for bioautography (the detection of inducing chemicals chromatographed on thin-layer plates) and for strain improvement programs (selection of isolates with enhanced inducing activity). The speed of the assay (2 to 5 hr) made it useful for monitoring antitumor agent production and purification. The sensitivity of the assay could be varied, depending on the length of the incubation period. Microbes, nutrients, and toxic solvents did not usually interfere with the detection of inducing activity. PMID- 6221795 TI - In vivo analysis of the suppressive effects of immunosuppressive acidic protein, a type of alpha 1-acid glycoprotein, in connection with its high level in tumor bearing mice. AB - Suppressed concanavalin A response of spleen cells which appeared on Day 21 in C3H/He mice bearing methylcholanthrene-induced fibrosarcoma was attributed to macrophages. These macrophages were not only immunoglobulin and Thy 1.2 negative and mitomycin C resistant but were also found in the light-specific-gravity (1.077) fraction and were completely removed by carbonyl iron treatment. These suppressor macrophages, however, disappeared 4 days after surgical resection of the tumor, suggesting that the control mechanism originally resides in tumor tissues. Immunosuppressive acidic protein (IAP) levels in the sera of these tumor bearing mice increased along with the appearance of these suppressor macrophages. Inasmuch as the suppressor macrophages obtained from the spleens of tumor bearers and cultured in vitro produced 4 times more IAP (88 ng/ml) than did resident macrophages, the elevated levels of IAP in the sera of tumor-bearing mice at the late stage might be explained partly by the appearance of suppressor macrophages. On the other hand, an i.v. administration of IAP (5 mg/mouse) into normal mice not only induced the same unresponsiveness of spleen cells to concanavalin A shown by tumor-bearing mice but also induced suppressor macrophages in the spleens of these mice. This fact may indicate that IAP elevation, even though artificial, triggers the induction of suppressor macrophages in the spleen or at least points to a keen correlation between the appearance of suppressor macrophages and increased IAP level in the serum. PMID- 6221797 TI - Characterisation of left ventricular collagen in the rat. AB - Collagen of the normal and hypertrophied rat left ventricle was successively extracted with neutral salt and dilute acid solutions, and pepsin digestion. The yield of dilute-acid soluble collagen was only 0.3 to 0.6% of total collagen; the solubility with neutral salt was even lower. Limited pepsin digestion permitted extraction of 50 to 65% of total collagen. The distribution of the various types of collagen molecules was analysed in pepsin-solubilised collagen in the presence of 3.6 mol . litre-1 urea with the aid of electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gels. In all samples of nonreduced and reduced left ventricular collagen of the rat, disc patterns of pepsin-soluble collagen revealed the occurrence of dimeric and trimeric components, as well as aggregates of higher molecular weight. Such observations suggest the presence of an extensive interchain and intermolecular cross-linking network. Electrophoretic analysis of nonreduced and reduced pepsin solubilised collagen also revealed heterogeneity of left ventricular rat collagen due to its occurrence as a mixture of type I and type III collagen. The proportion of type I collagen molecule components was substantially higher than that of type III components in all investigated samples of rat left ventricular connective tissue. Postnatal growth, aging and myocardial hypertrophy may affect the ratio of type I to type III components. PMID- 6221796 TI - Cor triatriatum in an adult with mitral regurgitation and massive left atrial enlargement. AB - An unusual case of cor triatriatum in a 52-year-old woman is described in which the preoperative diagnosis was obscured by the presence of mitral valvular regurgitation and massive left atrial enlargement; such massive left atrial enlargement has not been reported before in this entity. Only the right pulmonary veins drained into the accessory chamber. The abnormal septum dividing the left atrium was demonstrated by two-dimensional but not M-mode echocardiography. PMID- 6221798 TI - Treatment of lower respiratory tract infections with cefoperazone. AB - Fifteen patients with documented bacterial lower respiratory tract infections were treated with cefoperazone (2 gm every 12 hours, administered parenterally) as the single antibiotic therapy. Pulmonary infections included pneumonia (10), anaerobic lung abscess (2), bronchitis (2), and exacerbation of bronchiectasis (1); most of the patients had concomitant illnesses that compromised their host immune status. Bacteria recovered from respiratory tract cultures included aerobic gram-negative bacilli (17), anaerobes (6), and aerobic gram-positive cocci (3). After therapy, lasting 5 to 28 days, nine patients had complete resolution of their infection, and the remaining six patients had significant clinical improvement. Diarrhea was the adverse reaction most commonly noted; others included an unusual reaction resembling serum sickness, and, in one patient treated for 24 days, hypotension and a subsequent decrease in renal function. Drug-related abnormalities in blood and serum values were few and mild. Cefoperazone was found to be effective in the treatment of lower respiratory tract infections. PMID- 6221799 TI - [Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. Methods, mechanism of action and indications for its use]. PMID- 6221800 TI - [Chronotherapy of bronchial asthma with Berotec and Berodual]. PMID- 6221803 TI - Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of a large septal artery. AB - A severely stenotic, large-caliber, first septal artery was successfully dilated in a patient with refractory angina and nonsurgical, multivessel coronary artery disease. The success of this dilatation was related to favorable coronary anatomy and to the availability of a guidewire-directed dilatation catheter. Septal artery stenosis with or without surgically accessible stenoses in other coronary vessels represents a potential indication for percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. PMID- 6221802 TI - Exercise radionuclide ventriculography in evaluating successful transluminal coronary angioplasty. AB - To evaluate the ability of transluminal coronary angioplasty (TCA) to relieve myocardial ischemia, 44 patients with single vessel disease underwent exercise gated radionuclide ventriculography (GRNV) before and 2.8 +/- 1.3 days following angiographically successful TCA. Pre-TCA GRNV was abnormal in 11 of 14 patients with right coronary artery (RCA) stenosis and 24 of 30 with left anterior descending (LAD) stenosis. Following TCA there was an increase in exercise duration from 500 +/- 288 sec to 625 +/- 273 sec (P less than 0.001), and in maximum double product from (209 +/- 69) x 10(2) to (263 +/- 70) x 10(2) (P less than 0.001). The number of patients with stress-induced ST-T abnormalities decreased from 13 to 4 (P less than 0.05), and the number with chest pain during exercise decreased from 18 to one (P less than 0.001). Whereas resting ejection fraction was unchanged (0.58 +/- 0.10 vs 0.59 +/- 0.11) following TCA, the ejection fraction at peak exercise increased from 0.61 +/- 0.13 to 0.66 +/- 0.12 (P less than 0.001). Of 24 patients with resting abnormalities, regional wall motion improved in 13. In 22 of 31 patients with stress-induced asynergy, the wall motion response to exercise improved (P less than 0.001). Of 19 patients restudied angiographically and with exercise GRNV at 6-12 months, restenosis of greater than or equal to 50% had occurred in six, four of whom had abnormal studies. In six of whom the degree of stenosis of the dilated artery had remained less than or equal to 20% the exercise GRNV study remained normal. It is concluded that GRNV is helpful in documenting the improvement in resting left ventricular function and functional reserve in patients with angiographically successful TCA. In the limited number of patients with late follow-up studies, data suggest that GRNV may be a valuable test to detect restenosis. PMID- 6221801 TI - Opsin-immunoreactive outer segments in the pineal and parapineal organs of the lamprey (Lampetra fluviatilis), the eel (Anguilla anguilla), and the rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri). AB - The pineal complex of Lampetra fluviatilis, Anguilla anguilla and Salmo gairdneri was studied by means of the indirect immunohistochemical antiopsin reaction. Opsin-immunoreactive material was demonstrated in the outer segments of the photoreceptor cells in the pineal organ of all three species investigated. In the lamprey, the opsin-positive outer segments were located in the lumen of the pineal vesicle and atrium. In the two teleost species, the immunoreactive outer segments were observed in abundance in the pineal end-vesicle and stalk. These structures were found to accumulate in the prominent initial portion of the pineal stalk of the eel. In the rainbow trout, immunoreactive outer segments occurred in the wide orifice of the pineal recess at the roof of the third ventricle. In addition, outer segments of photoreceptor cells of the parapineal organ ("parapinealocytes") displayed opsin immunoreactivity. In the lamprey, opsin immunoreactivity was restricted to the central portion of the ventral parapineal retina, while the parapinealocytes in the lateral portions did not bind the antibody. In the two teleosts, immunoreactive outer segments displayed a scattered pattern. These immunocytochemical results provide direct evidence that the photosensitivity of the pineal demonstrated electrophysiologically in lampreys and teleosts (cf. Dodt 1973) is based on an opsin-containing photopigment. The presence of opsin in cells of the parapineal organ strengthens the view that also this organ may be capable of direct light perception. In the lamprey, the exclusive opsin immunoreactivity of a circumscribed group of parapineal cells suggests the existence of two types of parapinealocytes. The significance of opsin-containing photoreceptor outer segments occurring in the most proximal portion of the teleost pineal stalk is discussed, especially with regard to the interpretation of results obtained from pinealectomy experiments. PMID- 6221804 TI - Transplantation tolerance: evidence for Lyt 1+,2-,Qa 1.2+ Suppressor-inducer T cells in allogeneic thymus-grafted nude mice. AB - Nude mice, of BALB/c genotype, grafted with thymus stroma become immunocompetent (R. Hong, H. Schultz-Wisserman, E. Jarreth-Toth, S. D. Horowitz, and D.D. Manning, J. Exp. Med. 149, 398, 1979; B. P. Chen and G. A. Splitter, Cell. Immunol. 51, 127, 1980), but are tolerant to the thymus-donor genotype. Using such mice to investigate the mechanism(s) of transplantation tolerance, it was found that maintenance of tolerance required active interactions of three subsets of T cells specific for alloantigens of the thymus-donor genotype: (i) Lyt 1+,2- helper T cells, (ii) Lyt 1-,2+ suppressor T cells, and (iii) Lyt 1+,2-,Qa 1.2+ suppressor-inducer T cells. In mixed-lymphocyte culture, helper T cells could be activated by alloantigens of the thymus-donor genotype, but clonal expansion of these helper T cells was inhibited by suppressor T cells with the same specificity. Furthermore, exogenous interleukin-2 (IL-2) could modulate this suppressor activity, which suggested that one consequence of suppression was to limit IL-2 available to effector T cells. The response of cultures to exogenous IL-2 also indicated that thymus alloantigen-specific helper T cells had functional IL-2 receptors. Last, the presence of Lyt 1+,2-,Qa 1.2+ suppressor inducer T cells were essential for active suppression, as suppressor T cells could not prevent helper T cells from proliferating to thymus-donor alloantigens when Lyt 1+,2-,Qa 1.2+ cells were removed. Altogether, the data presented in this study indicate a feedback-suppression pathway that led to clonal silencing of effector cells in transplantation tolerance. PMID- 6221805 TI - Functional analysis of monkey lymphocyte subsets defined by OKT4 and OKT8 Monoclonal Antibodies. AB - The percentages of rhesus monkey blood lymphocytes (PBL) reactive with OKT4 and OKT8 antibodies and the OKT4/OKT8 ratio showed significant correlations with the log of the immunoglobulin plaque-forming cell (PFC) response after stimulation with pokeweed mitogen (PWM). These correlations suggested that monkey OKT4+ cells function as "helper" cells and OKT8+ cells function as "suppressor" cells for the PFC response. This was confirmed by separation and study of enriched T- and B cell subpopulations. OKT8-depleted (OKT4+) and OKT4-depleted (OKT8+) cells were obtained by treatment of purified T cells with antibody and complement. OKT4+ cells augmented the PWM-induced B-cell differentiation into PFC but OKT8+ cells did not. OKT8+ cells suppressed the PFC response by mixtures of B cells and OKT4+ cells. OKT8 antibodies also detected a suppressive cell subset in African green monkeys since the percentage of OKT8+ cells showed a negative correlation with the log PFC response. OKT4 antibodies failed to bind to African green monkey PBL. PMID- 6221806 TI - Non-H-2 genes involved in suppressing autoimmunity. AB - Peritoneal cells from C3H mice, after 4 days in culture, comprised a significantly higher number of cells secreting autoantibodies against mouse bromelain-treated red blood cells compared to cells from AKR mice. Females gave higher responses than males. The F1 hybrid of the two strains gave low-level responses similar to AKR mice. Mixtures of cells from males and females and from C3H and AKR mice did not give responses below those expected from the mixed population, which shows that cells from males and from AKR mice did not suppress the high-responder responder populations. However, cells from F1 mice significantly suppressed the response by C3H mice. The suppressor population was adherent to plastic and diminished by anti-Thy 1.2 treatment and complement. These results show that, within genetic constraints that include non-H-2 genes, suppressor cells likely to be T cells from a low-responder strain inhibit the development in vitro of an autoimmune response of a high-responder strain. PMID- 6221807 TI - Characterization of the subpopulations of human peripheral blood B lymphocytes which react to staphylococcus aureus Cowan I and T-cell help. AB - Staphylococcus aureus Cowan I strain (SAC) activates human peripheral blood B lymphocytes to proliferate but does not induce secretion of immunoglobulin (Ig) unless pokeweed mitogen (PWM)-activated T cells are added. Using a Percoll gradient separation method, we show that a B-cell subpopulation isolated at 50/60% Percoll interface is the target for SAC stimulation. After SAC activation, small, dense B cells become larger, less-dense B cells which proliferate. These activated B blasts differentiate into Ig-secreting cells when cultured with PWM activated T cells. The culture supernatant of PWM-activated T cells is capable of supporting proliferation and Ig secretion of the activated B blasts but not of resting small B cells. This result suggests that the culture supernatant contains B-cell growth factors. PMID- 6221808 TI - [Contribution to the differential diagnosis of Ritter and Lyell syndromes]. PMID- 6221809 TI - Activation of 5'-deoxy-5-fluorouridine by thymidine phosphorylase in human tumors. PMID- 6221810 TI - Determination of chinoform and its metabolites in plasma by gas chromatography- mass spectrometry. PMID- 6221811 TI - [Cloning of alpha interferon cDNA from human umbilical cord leukocytes and its expression in Escherichia coli]. PMID- 6221812 TI - [In vitro expression of human fetal liver albumin mRNA]. PMID- 6221813 TI - [Carotid body chemoreceptors and their regulatory effects on pulmonary pressor response to hypoxia]. PMID- 6221814 TI - [The exocrine pancreatic function (PABA) test and its clinical applications]. PMID- 6221815 TI - [Clinical significance of serum gastrin determination]. PMID- 6221816 TI - [Establishment of a cell line (CNf-A) resistant to 8-azaguanine]. PMID- 6221817 TI - [Sclerotic fasciitis. A clinicopathological analysis of 21 cases]. PMID- 6221818 TI - [Electrocardiographic treadmill exercise test in healthy children and adolescents 3 to 18 years old]. PMID- 6221819 TI - [A case of orthostatic hypotension associated with severe supine hypertension]. PMID- 6221820 TI - [Radiochemical determination of monoamine oxidase activities]. PMID- 6221821 TI - [Early diagnosis of respiratory syncytial virus infection in infants and young children. Detection of specific IgM by indirect immunofluorescence technic]. PMID- 6221822 TI - [Fluorescent leprosy antibody absorption test]. PMID- 6221823 TI - [Prenatal diagnosis of visceral malformations by ultrasonography]. AB - The authors study a series of 64 cases of neo-natal visceral malformations which diagnosis had been done through maternal ultrasonography. The benefits of this technic depend on the affection or the malformation; they are presented here separately. These very early diagnosis in some rare cases allow an antenatal therapy; specially in urology, an earlier surgery than usual can be provided. A case of antenatal diagnosis of Cantrell Syndrome is described. PMID- 6221824 TI - [Cure of esophageal atresia types 1 and 2. Deferred primary anastomosis. Apropos of 6 cases]. AB - From 1976 to 1981 six patients with esophageal atresia types 1 and 2 underwent a successful delayed primary anastomosis. At birth a gap between the upper and lower pouch (5 to 7 vertebras) was present. 9 to 14 weeks later, at surgery, the mean gap was 3 vertebras and the anastomosis was carried out without excessive tension. No upper pouch elongation was done before surgery and end-to-end esophageal anastomosis was accomplished without the need of circular myotomy. All patients are alive and well after a follow up period from 6 months to 6 years. We have to mention post-operative complications; 3 anastomotic extrapleural leaks were managed conservatively by peripheric parenteral nutrition, 1 post operative tracheo-esophageal fistula required a closure and 2 patients with a symptomatic gastro-esophageal reflux were managed by antireflux fundoplication. No anastomotic stricture was observed. The functional results are excellent. PMID- 6221825 TI - [Laparoschisis and atresia of the small intestine. Treatment strategy. Apropos of a personal case]. AB - A case of gastroschisis and double small bowel atresia is reported. Primary surgical treatment consisted in jejunostomy located at 28 cm from the ligament of Treits, reinstatement of excluded bowel loops encased in a thick matrix of fibrinous material, and abdominal wall closure. Seven weeks later, the lower part of small bowel was anastomosed to the medium part. Because of uneven bowel caliber, an ileostomy was associated to parenteral nutrition using permanent instillation of secretions recovered from ileostomy was associated to parenteral nutrition. At 4 1/2 month, small bowel continuity was restored with jejunal modeling. Authors stress the necessity to preserve as far as possible, intestinal segments in such a case and emphasize the advantage of the digestive instillation method in order to recover the function excluded intestinal segments. PMID- 6221826 TI - Oxygen uptake, ATPase activity, and superoxide dismutase activity in isolated rat liver mitochondria are not influenced by the tumor promoter 12-O tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate. AB - The tumor promoter 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) influences neither the State 3 nor the State 4 respiration in rat liver mitochondria. The respiratory control and ADP/O ratio were also unaffected by TPA. The oligomycin sensitive ATPase activity in submitochondrial particles remained unaltered upon TPA addition, whereas the NADH oxidase activity was slightly inhibited at a very high concentration of TPA (15% decrease at 17 microM TPA). The activity of the superoxide dismutase located to the mitochondria was insensitive to the tumor promoter, and no change in the rate of H2O2 production was found on TPA treatment in vitro. Thus, the mitochondrion is not a likely candidate for the site of action of the tumor promoter. PMID- 6221827 TI - The concept of interface related to services for handicapped families. AB - The Warnock Report (1978) concept that a "link person' was needed to liaise services to handicapped families was investigated with a one in three sample (n = 120) of parents with mentally handicapped children in a county in South Wales. The findings show that whilst almost half the parents considered a social worker to be in the best position to undertake this overall coordinating function, there remains a considerable gap between theory and practice. PMID- 6221828 TI - Balloon dilation angioplasty of aortic coarctations in infants and children. AB - Balloon dilation angioplasty (BDA) was attempted nine times in eight infants and children with aortic coarctation. In three infants (all with associated ventricular septal defect or atrioventricular canal and marked hemodynamic instability) dilation was attempted at a site of aortic narrowing that had not been operated on previously. Although the coarctation gradient fell 40% or more over the short term in two of the three, there was no angiographic or late gradient evidence of improvement. All three underwent subsequent coarctation surgery. Five dilations were performed in four infants and children who had previously undergone coarctation surgery (end-to-end anastomosis, attempted jump graft, and subclavian flap) and had residual gradients. Dilation was successful in all five cases, resulting in an increase in the diameter at the coarctation site (4.7 +/- 2.6 to 7.7 +/- 4.0 mm, p less than .05) and a decrease in the gradient measured 24 hr after dilation (42.0 +/- 15.5 to 11.8 +/- 11.2 mm Hg, p less than .05). In one child with a long area of hypoplasia of the thoracic aorta and similar lesions of the brachiocephalic vessels, a preliminary attempt to dilate a severely narrowed subclavian artery was unsuccessful. Postdilation angiography demonstrated evidence of intimal tears in three of five successful dilations. Follow-up (1 to 6 months) has demonstrated continued gradient relief in four of five children. BDA is frequently, but not always, a successful treatment for human aortic coarctation. The chief determinant of success appears to be the nature of the lesion; short-term changes in coarctation gradient are unreliable indicators of success of failure. Although BDA was not associated with mortality or significant morbidity in this group of patients, its role in the management of children with coarctation is yet to be determined. PMID- 6221829 TI - Should coronary arteries with less than 60% diameter stenosis be treated by angioplasty? AB - We evaluated all patients receiving percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) in the past year for mild stenosis (60% or less diameter narrowing, n = 64, group 1) and compared them with a random sample of 330 patients with greater than 60% stenosis (n = 66, group 2) treated during the same year. The degree of coronary stenosis before PTCA was 52 +/- 7% (mean +/- SD) in group 1 and 79 +/- 11% in group 2. The primary success rate was 90% (58 of 64 patients) in group 1 vs 86% (57 of 66 patients) in group 2. The incidence of complications requiring coronary surgery after PTCA failed was similar in both groups (3 of 64 in group 1, 4 of 66 in group 2), but there were four occurrences of myocardial infarction in group 1 and none in group 2 (p less than .05). Recurrence of stenosis was judged on the basis of objective data, 76% of which were angiographic data, in 97% of the patients with primary success. At a mean interval of 5 months with a mean follow-up period of 7 months, 17 of 58 patients (29%) with primary success in group 1 and 24 of 57 patients (42%) in group 2 developed restenosis. In group 1, restenosis was markedly more severe (73 +/- 15%) than initial stenosis (p less than .005), which was not the case in group 2. In conclusion, PTCA in mild stenosis has favorable primary and long-term results, yet carries the risk of myocardial infarction and emergency operation and may, in some cases, even accelerate the disease process. PMID- 6221830 TI - A critical appraisal of diastolic time intervals as a measure of relaxation in left ventricular hypertrophy. PMID- 6221831 TI - Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate concentrations in plasma of normal ovulatory women. PMID- 6221832 TI - A rapid screening method for pathological lipoprotein Lp(a) concentrations by counterimmunoelectrophoresis. PMID- 6221833 TI - Respiratory pauses and apnea during nocturnal sleep in mentally retarded infants. AB - Respiratory pauses (ResP), apnea (Ap) and periodic respiration (PerR) observed in 42 mentally retarded infants (from 9 to 50 weeks of age post term) were studied throughout nocturnal sleep. All subjects had ResP in the recordings. The range of ResP rates was 4.1-42.1/h, and the mean was 13.5/h. Ap occurred in 22 out of 42 subjects. The range of Ap occurrence (10-15 sec duration) among subjects was 1 10, with a mean of 4.1. Moreover, in 4 out of 22 subjects, Aps of greater than 15 sec duration were seen. In 30 out of 42 subjects, PerR occurred. The range of occurrence of PerR among subjects was 1-35, and the mean was 9.6. PMID- 6221834 TI - Seasonal variation of plasma dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate and urinary androgen excretion in post-menopausal women. AB - Urinary levels of the glucuronides of androsterone, aetiocholanolone, 5 alpha androstane-3 alpha, 17 beta-diol and 5 beta-androstane-3 alpha, 17 beta-diol, were determined in twenty-two-post menopausal women both in spring and in autumn- winter. In sixteen women dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate plasma levels were also measured. Plasma DHAS levels as well as urinary metabolite excretion values were significantly higher in autumn--winter than in spring. This seasonal variability should be taken into account in long-term studies involving adrenal hormone levels, excretion or metabolism. Moreover this seasonal variability might be of relevance for the cyclical growth rate of hormone dependent tumours such as breast cancer. PMID- 6221835 TI - T lymphocyte sensitization and suppressor T lymphocyte defect in patients long after treatment for Graves' disease. PMID- 6221836 TI - Diagnosis of cystic fibrosis homozygotes and heterozygotes from plasma and fibroblast cultures. A three-generation family study. AB - The diagnosis of cystic fibrosis (CF) homozygotes and heterozygotes and of individuals without the CF gene, based on differences in the thermal stability of acid phosphatase and alpha-mannosidase, is reported. The residual activities at 36.5 degrees C and 41.3 degrees C were below 10% of the activity in unheated samples for homozygotes, 40-50% for heterozygotes and above 90% for normals. The intracellular alkaline phosphatase and extracellular beta-hexosaminidase activities after treatment with heparin and gammaglobulin were 500% and 200%, respectively, of the activities without this treatment in CF homozygotes, whereas for heterozygotes and normals the values were the same after treatment as before. Pedigrees of four CF families, covering 2-3 generations, are presented. The possible use of these tests as diagnostic tools is further discussed. PMID- 6221837 TI - Four brothers with mental retardation, spastic paraplegia and palmoplantar hyperkeratosis. A new syndrome? AB - We report a Caucasian family in which four males out of a total of seven siblings are mentally retarded. Three of the affected individuals have spasticity in the lower limbs (spastic paraplegia), pes cavus deformity of both feet and an abnormal gait. In addition, they show palmar and plantar hyperkeratosis. The other male sibling does not have spasticity, but his lower limb reflexes are abnormally brisk and he has slight pes cavus deformity. He also shows hyperkeratosis of his palms and soles and is less mentally retarded that his brothers. The mother of the affected boys has normal intelligence, but has plantar hyperkeratosis and a strong facial resemblance to her retarded sons. Her three daughters are normal. The pedigree information is compatible with a sex linked mode of inheritance and no specific biochemical or cytogenetic abnormality has been found in the affected individuals. There have been no previous reports of hyperkeratosis palmaris et plantaris in other inherited spastic syndromes. PMID- 6221838 TI - Inherited 13/14 translocation and metacentric microchromosome associated with trisomy 21: report of 2 cases. PMID- 6221839 TI - In situ demonstration of T lymphocyte subsets in granulomatous inflammation: leprosy, rhinoscleroma and sarcoidosis. AB - T lymphocyte subpopulations in frozen tissue sections of four granulomatous conditions (five patients with tuberculoid leprosy, five with lepromatous leprosy, seven with sarcoidosis and four with rhinoscleroma) were studied using monoclonal antibodies and a modified immunoperoxidase technique. Two immunohistological patterns were observed. In tuberculoid leprosy and sarcoidosis, lymphocytes expressing the helper/inducer phenotype were present within the aggregates of mononuclear phagocytes (epithelioid cells); however, cells with the suppressor/cytotoxic phenotype were predominantly in the lymphocytic mantle surrounding each granuloma. In lepromatous leprosy and rhinoscleroma the helper/inducer T cells and suppressor/cytotoxic T cells were both diffusely distributed among the mononuclear phagocytes (histiocytes) without any discernible mantle. The segregation of the helper/inducer and suppressor/cytotoxic phenotypic subsets was associated with an epithelioid cell differentiation of mononuclear phagocytic cells, bacterial elimination and a delayed type hypersensitivity response. The intimate admixture of helper/inducer and suppressor/cytotoxic subsets was associated with undifferentiated mononuclear phagocytes, bacterial proliferation and the absence of a delayed type hypersensitivity response. Thus the different distributions of T cell subpopulations in granulomas may be associated with differences in the host's immune response in several forms of granulomatous reactions. PMID- 6221840 TI - The distribution and possible significance of cells identified in human lymphoid tissue by the monoclonal antibody HNK-1. AB - The monoclonal antibody HNK-1 identifies a subpopulation of lymphocytes containing almost all of the natural killer (NK) and antibody-dependent killer (K) cell activity. Using an immunoperoxidase technique on frozen tissue sections of human spleen, tonsil and lymph node we have demonstrated that cells identified by this antibody are almost exclusively confined to germinal centres. Comparison with the distribution of B cells, T cells and T cell subsets underlines the distinctive distribution of these cells for which a physiological role in the maturation of antibody affinity during immune responses is suggested. PMID- 6221841 TI - Lymphocyte subpopulations and suppressor cell activity in acute polyradiculoneuritis (Guillain-Barre syndrome). AB - Ficoll-Triosil separated peripheral blood mononuclear (PBM) cells were analysed by fluorescent microscopy with Ortho monoclonal antisera to T cells (OKT3+) helper cells (OKT4+) and suppressor cytotoxic cells (OKT8+) and with polyclonal antiserum to surface immunoglobulin. Twenty-five normal subjects, 16 patients with acute polyradiculoneuritis (Guillain-Barre syndrome, AP) and 10 patients with other neurological diseases were studied. The percentages of OKT3+, OKT4+ and immunoglobulin bearing cells were similar in the three patient groups but the percentage of OKT8+ cells was reduced to 13.5 +/- 4.1 (mean +/- s.d.) compared with 19.4 +/- 4.9 in the normal subjects and 18.5 +/- 3.1 in the patients with other neurological diseases. The ratio of OKT4+/OKT8+ cells was correspondingly increased to 3.5 +/- 2.1 compared with 2.1 +/- 0.5 in the normal subjects and 2.1 +/- 0.4 in the patients with other neurological diseases. In one test of suppressor cell function Con A incubated mitomycin treated PBM cells were added to autologous PBM cells stimulated with Con A to compare the degree of suppression with that produced by control incubated mitomycin treated cells (Con A suppression test). In a second test of suppressor cell function short lived suppressor cell (SLS) activity was assayed by comparing PBM stimulation by Con A added at the start of culture with that produced by Con A added after 24 hr. Neither test revealed any significant differences between AP patients and control subjects. PMID- 6221842 TI - B cell activation by pokeweed mitogen in cultures of normal peripheral blood lymphocytes depleted of T regulator subsets by treatment with OKT4 and OKT8 monoclonal antibodies. AB - OKT4+ (T helper/inducer) and OKT8+ (T cytotoxic/suppressor) subsets were depleted from peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) by complement-mediated lysis and residual cells examined for responsiveness to pokeweed mitogen (PWM) using a protein A haemolytic plaque assay for immunoglobulin secreting B cells. It was shown that: (1) three cycles of cell killing were required to totally abolish T helper function; (2) OKT4- PBL did not respond to PWM, but in a co-culture system, an equal number of unfractionated normal PBL could entirely reconstitute responsiveness of the residual B cells; (3) OKT8- PBL gave enhanced numbers of PWM-induced plaque forming cells (PFC); (4) addition of 4 micrograms/ml concanavalin A (con A) to PWM stimulated OKT8- PBL failed to suppress PFC generation, but suppression was induced by 12.5 and 25 micrograms/ml con A and (5) kinetics of PWM-induced PFC development were similar in the presence or absence of OKT8+ cells. PMID- 6221844 TI - Modification of helper and suppressor/cytotoxic lymphocyte subsets in mice with motor end-plate disease. AB - Motor end-plate disease (Med) in mice is associated with complex immunological abnormalities which are shared by the heterozygous +/MedJ mice, which exhibit no or mild clinical manifestations, and by MedJ/MedJ mice which die from this neuromuscular disorder. In the present paper we extend our immunological data with the study of splenic lymphocyte subsets with Lyt monoclonal antibodies. Both MedJ/MedJ and +/MedJ 14-18 day old mice have high Lyt1+/Lyt2+ ratios, with higher Lyt1+ and reduced Lyt2+ lymphocyte pools as compared to normal mice. This correlates with the low suppressive function previously described, but is unexpected in view of the low helper function as measured by the response to SRBC immunization. Adult +/MedJ mice recovered normal T lymphocyte subset levels, while the small group of MedJ/MedJ mice that escapes death but continues to suffer from the neuromuscular illness maintains high Lyt1+/Lyt2+ ratios. PMID- 6221843 TI - Defect of T helper lymphocytes, as identified by the 5/9 monoclonal antibody, in patients with common variable hypogammaglobulinaemia. AB - Peripheral blood lymphocytes from 17 patients with common variable hypogammaglobulinaemia (CVH) were tested for reactivity with the 5/9 monoclonal antibody which reacts with about 15% of normal T-PBL in which all helper activity is found. In PBL from CVH patients, the proportions of OKT4 and OKT8 positive cells were also determined. Five patients had normal percentages of 5/9 cells and a normal OKT4/OKT8 ratio. Twelve patients had significantly decreased (or absent) 5/9 lymphocytes. Among these, five had decreased 5/9 cells and a normal OKT4/OKT8 ratio and seven had decreased 5/9 cells and an inversion of the OKT4/OKT8 ratio. The deficiency of the helper phenotype T cell subpopulation identified by the 5/9 monoclonal antibody in many patients with CVH may be relevant in the pathogenesis of this disease. PMID- 6221845 TI - Impaired cell-mediated immunity in idiopathic membranous nephropathy mediated by suppressor cells. PMID- 6221847 TI - Endoscopy and pelvic infection. PMID- 6221848 TI - Endoscopic photography. PMID- 6221846 TI - Sterilization by laparoscopy. AB - Today, female sterilization is most easily accomplished by single-puncture laparoscopy and, ideally, is carried out under local anesthesia. In experienced hands, electrocoagulation offers slightly fewer failures if a large portion of tube or two segments are destroyed. Fulguration of a small portion of tube, bands, or clips offer a better chance of reversal. It is extremely important that the operator be familiar with and use proper equipment, along with following a rigid format, if complications are to be kept to a minimum. The underlying theme for this article, and all of the articles published, shows that, regardless of the method employed to interrupt the tubes, the complication and failure rates are usually more a function of the experience of the operator than of the method employed. PMID- 6221849 TI - Normal muscle spindle morphology in myotonia congenita: the spindle abnormality in myotonic dystrophy is not due to myotonia alone. PMID- 6221850 TI - Sports nuclear medicine. Bone imaging for lower extremity pain in athletes. AB - Increased participation in sports by the general public has led to an increase in sports-induced injuries, including stress fractures, shin splints, arthritis, and a host of musculotendinous maladies. Bone scintigraphy with Tc-99m MDP has been used with increasing frequency in detecting stress fractures, but this study can miss certain important conditions and detect other lesions of lesser clinical significance. This paper demonstrates the spectrum of findings on bone scanning in nonacute sports trauma and offers suggestions for the optimal use of Tc-99m MDP for detecting the causes of lower extremity pain in athletes. PMID- 6221851 TI - Monitoring hepatic artery spasm for chemotherapeutic infusion by using Tc-99m labeled macroaggregated albumin. AB - During angiographic placement of an intra-arterial hepatic catheter, a spasm was encountered in the proper hepatic artery. Subsequent angiography, however, revealed normal arteries. Tc-99m MAA intra-arterial infusion was then performed which showed a hepatic artery spasm. Twenty-four hours after the initial hepatic arterial spasm, a repeat injection of Tc-99m MAA revealed that the spasm was no longer present and, therefore, that intra-arterial chemotherapy could be administered. PMID- 6221852 TI - Tc-99m MDP scrotal image. Testicular amyloidosis. PMID- 6221853 TI - Angiographic and scintigraphic findings in fibrosing mediastinitis. AB - The clinical and morphologic findings in the case of a 47-year-old man with fibrosing mediastinitis, most probably due to histoplasmosis, are described. Radionuclide angiography demonstrated obstruction of the superior vena cava with collateral vascularization. Computed tomography demonstrated a large calcific mass interposed between the pulmonary artery and superior vena cava suggesting potential pulmonary vasculature involvement. For this reason, pulmonary scintigraphy was performed which showed right lung perfusion and ventilation defects. Radionuclide angiography and pulmonary scintigraphy complement each other in determining the extent of vascular involvement with fibrosing mediastinitis. However, contrast venography is necessary to correctly delineate the anatomy of the obstructed superior vena cava and its collaterals. PMID- 6221854 TI - Ventilation-perfusion mismatch. Lung imaging. PMID- 6221855 TI - Pseudo-toxic-shock syndrome due to a drug reaction. AB - A case is reported of a 13-year-old girl who had an illness initially thought to be toxic shock syndrome but subsequently noted to be a toxic reaction to the anticonvulsant, carbamazepine. The patient was never hypotensive but she was febrile and had a desquamative rash and involvement of three organ systems. Staphylococcus aureus was recovered from the patient's blood and vagina. PMID- 6221856 TI - Cardiac muscle mass during vasodilation therapy of hypertension. AB - M-mode echocardiography has become a valuable tool in the evaluation of changes in left ventricular muscle mass during antihypertensive therapy. We evaluated the effects of treatment with the vasodilator trimazosin, alone and in combination with the diuretic polythiazide, on cardiac muscle mass in hypertensive subjects. Trimazosin alone was given to 11 subjects for 18 mo, and average supine blood pressure fell from 154/100 to 146/89 mm Hg. Heart rate and body weight did not change during therapy. Initially, a slight decrease (approximately 6%) was observed in left ventricular muscle mass, but left ventricular transverse dimension and left ventricular muscle mass returned to control levels during the last 6 mo of the 18-mo study. The combination of trimazosin and polythiazide was given to nine subjects and decreased blood pressure from 152/102 to 138/92 mm Hg. Heart rate increased and body weight decreased slightly. No changes in left ventricular muscle mass were observed during combination therapy. It is possible that increases in activity of the sympathetic nervous system during therapy with trimazosin alone, and the observed increase in renin activity during treatment with trimazosin and polythiazide, might have offset the effects of the reduction in blood pressure on left ventricular muscle mass. PMID- 6221857 TI - T-lymphocyte subsets in adult coeliac disease. AB - 1. As a defect of suppressor function has been hypothesized in the pathogenesis of coeliac disease, we measured, by monoclonal antibodies, the inducer/suppressor T-cell ratio in adult coeliac disease. 2. No statistical difference was observed between coeliac patients and healthy controls, irrespective of treatment and HLA status. 3. These results do not show an imbalance in the inducer/suppressor T cell ratio in coeliac disease. PMID- 6221858 TI - [Fenoterol, ipratropium bromide and their combination in the therapy of bronchospasm]. PMID- 6221859 TI - [Therapy of female hirsutism: current status and new findings]. PMID- 6221860 TI - [Cyproterone acetate and spironolactone compared in the therapy of female hirsutism]. PMID- 6221861 TI - Effect of synthetic Lys-Trp on adenosine triphosphatase activity of carp and rabbit myosin Bs. AB - 1. With carp myosin B ATPase, the acceleration effect was found at peptide concentration ranging between 1 nM and 1 mM with a maximum at 10 nM (30% acceleration) at the low myosin B concentration (0.2 mg/ml). At the high myosin B concentration (0.8 mg/ml) a maximum was observed at 1-10 mM (10% acceleration). 2. With rabbit myosin B ATPase, the acceleration (10%) was found only at a microM of Lys-Trp in the case of low myosin B concentration (0.2 mg/ml). Under the high concentration of rabbit myosin B, a maximum acceleration (150%) was found at 5 mM of the synthetic Lys-Trp. 3. Effect on superprecipitation was tested only at the high concentration of rabbit myosin B (0.8 mg/ml). The acceleration increased with increasing concentration of Lys-Trp up to 10 mM. PMID- 6221862 TI - Cobalt allergy in hard metal workers. AB - Hard metal contains about 10% cobalt. 853 hard metal workers were examined and patch tested with substances from their environment. Initial patch tests with 1% cobalt chloride showed 62 positive reactions. By means of secondary serial dilution tests, allergic reactions to cobalt were reproduced in 9 men and 30 women. Weak reactions could not normally be reproduced. A history of hand eczema was found in 36 of the 39 individuals with reproducible positive test reactions to cobalt, while 21 of 23 with a positive initial patch test but negative serial dilution test had never had any skin problems. Hand etching and hand grinding, mainly female activities and traumatic to the hands, were found to involve the greatest risk of cobalt sensitization. 24 individuals had an isolated cobalt allergy. They had probably been sensitized by hard metal work, while the individuals, all women, who had simultaneous nickel allergy had probably been sensitized to nickel before their employment and then became sensitized to cobalt by hard metal work. A traumatic occupation, which causes irritant contact dermatitis and/or a previous contact allergy or atopy is probably a prerequisite for the development of cobalt allergy. PMID- 6221863 TI - Contact allergy to trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TMPTA) in an aziridine plastic hardener. AB - 4 workers developed hand and face dermatitis when exposed to a floor top coat. This contained a polyurethane and a polyfunctional aziridine hardener and additives. The aziridine hardener was made by reacting propyleneimine with a polyfunctional acrylate, trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TMPTA). All 4 reacted to the hardener and to TMPTA, which is present in excess. 2 of them also reacted to pentaerythritol triacrylate (PETA), which can be used in the production of aziridine hardeners. TMPTA and PETA cross-react, and are known sensitizers in UV hardening acrylates. The present finding shows that well-known sensitizers can be found in hidden sources when used in a quite different chemical process. PMID- 6221865 TI - Epoxy-dermatitis in a ski-stick factory. AB - In a Finnish ski-stick factory with 293 employees, several persons had skin symptoms compatible with contact allergy. Epoxy resin proved to be the only potential allergen in the working environment. The results of the study point to the important role of ski-stick saw dust as the source of sensitizing, partly cured epoxy resin. The study also showed that not only hardeners, but also epoxy resin can cause immediate type of allergy. PMID- 6221864 TI - Skin protection against ionized cobalt and sodium lauryl sulphate with barrier creams. AB - 853 individuals who are still working or had previously worked in hard metal manufacture were examined and selected for patch tests with materials from their working environment including metal allergens. The majority of the individuals with positive test reactions to cobalt chloride were retested with serial dilutions of cobalt chloride and with the same serial dilutions after preparation of the skin with a layer of barrier or emollient cream used for hand care in this factory. The irritant effect of sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS) was similarly investigated. The barrier and emollient creams did not give any protection against cobalt chloride or sodium lauryl sulphate. In fact they seemed to enhance the penetration of cobalt ions. Their use in protection against metal allergens and cutting fluids is questionable. PMID- 6221866 TI - Contact sensitivity to enilconazole. PMID- 6221867 TI - Diethylthiourea contact dermatitis from an acidic detergent. PMID- 6221868 TI - Pompholyx after implantation of a nickel-containing pacemaker in a nickel allergic patient. PMID- 6221869 TI - Allergic stomatitis from acrylic compounds. PMID- 6221870 TI - Sensitization to benomyl and related pesticides. PMID- 6221871 TI - Occupational and cosmetic dermatitis from propolis. PMID- 6221873 TI - Occupational dermatitis from codeine. PMID- 6221872 TI - Coconut diethanolamide in a hydraulic mining oil. PMID- 6221874 TI - Frictional dermatitis in post-office workers. PMID- 6221875 TI - Histological and biochemical characterization of murine sarcomas. AB - A mouse fibrosarcoma and rat osteosarcoma were examined histologically and biochemically with regard to collagen content. The fibrosarcoma was composed of undifferentiated mesenchymal cells without distinct fibroblastic characteristics. Collagen production and deposition were consistent with those observed in cultured fibroblasts. Type I and type III collagens were evident as determined by immunofluorescence staining and biochemical analysis. The osteosarcoma appeared similar to bone with regard to a high content of type I collagen, limited calcification and poor vascularization. While these sarcomas do not histologically resemble their non-transformed counterparts, analysis of their macromolecular composition confirmed the identity of their presumed cell of origin. Similar methodology could be readily applied for identification and classification of human malignant sarcomas. PMID- 6221876 TI - Matrix synthesis in high density cultures of bovine epiphyseal plate chondrocytes. AB - Bovine epiphyseal plate chondrocytes were cultured by a method combining both suspension culture and high density monolayers. The matrix synthesized by the cultured cells was analyzed at fifteen days for glycosaminoglycan, proteoglycan, and collagen content. In the cell culture product glycosaminoglycan distribution was: 65% chondroitin-6-sulfate, 18% chondroitin-4-sulfate, 15% keratan sulfate, and less than 2% dermatan sulfate. Essentially all the radioactive sulfate in labelled specimens was present in high molecular weight aggregates. The collagen which was synthesized co-migrated with Type II collagen standard. Parallel analysis showed the matrix of cultured cells to be similar to that of intact epiphyseal plate tissue. This study demonstrates the ability to grow epiphyseal plate chondrocytes in a cell culture system which allows matrix synthesis similar to that seen in vivo. PMID- 6221878 TI - Tendon adaptation to bone shortening. AB - The ability of tendon to adapt its length to imposed conditions was tested in rat soleus. Shortening of one tibia left tendon insertions intact, but reduced the distance between them. Tendon lengths were found to decrease after a short period of recovery (1 or 2 months) whether surgery was performed in young or adult animals. Comparison of tibia and tendon length correlation in control rats of different ages and in experimental animals showed that adaptation was more complete in young rats than in adult rats. A long period of recovery seemed to improve adaptation only in young rats. Hydrothermal isometric tension measurements indicated that collagen remodeling occurred during tendon adaptation to bone length, with the process being more marked at the muscle-tendon junction. PMID- 6221877 TI - Isolation and characterization of ichthyosan from tuna vitreous. AB - Ichthyosan has been prepared from tuna vitreous. Glucuronic acid was found to account for the total uronic acid content of the macromolecule, while the hexosamine content was a mixture of N-acetyl-glucosamine and N-acetyl galactosamine. When ichthyosan was gel filtered on Sepharose 2B or Sephacryl S 300, using sodium or calcium chloride, the elution profile of the column gave only one peak indicating no separation between glucosamine and galactosamine containing fractions. Similar results were obtained when ichthyosan was chromatographed on DEAE-cellulose using a salt gradient both in the presence and absence of 7.0 M urea. When ichthyosan was gel filtered in 4.0 M guanidine-HCL and subsequently chromatographed on DEAE-Sephacel or DEAE-cellulose, three well separated fractions were present. The two major fractions (II and III) were characterized as chondroitin and hyaluronic acid respectively; while fraction I representing about 3-5% of the total polysaccharide content of ichthyosan was identified as a keratan-like molecule. The same pattern was obtained when ichthyosan was digested with proteolytic enzymes and subsequently chromatographed on DEAE-cellulose or DEAE-Sephacel. Based on these findings it is concluded that in ichthyosan chondroitin, hyaluronate and keratan-like molecular chains are bound to proteins in non-covalent linkages. PMID- 6221879 TI - Proteoglycan alterations in rabbit knee articular cartilage following physical exercise and immobilization. AB - Rabbit knee articular cartilage was studied after the joint was submitted to immobilization, running or increased weight bearing for 24-27 days. Immobilization with a plastic splint reduced the fraction of proteoglycans not extractable with 4 M guanidinium chloride (GdnHCl). In the immobilized joints the chondroitin sulfate content was elevated as calculated from the galactosamine/glucosamine ratio. The ability of these proteoglycans to reform aggregates with endogenous hyaluronic acid in Sepharose CL-2B chromatography was reduced. Increased exercise was associated with an elevation of proteoglycans extractable with 4 M GdnHCl. The increased weight bearing occurring in the contralateral knee elevated the content of proteoglycans not extractable with 4 M GdnHCl. Other effects of weight bearing included increased glucosamine concentration, suggesting accumulation of keratan sulfate-rich proteoglycans, and an elevated hydroxyproline concentration. PMID- 6221880 TI - Secreted collagen ratios in normal human and osteogenesis imperfecta skin fibroblasts. AB - We examined the effects of several variables on the ratio of type I:type III collagen secreted by human caucasian skin fibroblasts in normal and osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) phenotypes. Isotopically labelled collagen extracted from fibroblast medium was analyzed by DEAE-cellulose chromatography and identified by appropriate methods. Type I procollagen was the major form of collagen secreted into the medium by normal cells cultured from one mid-term fetus, infants (n = 3), children (n = 3), adolescents (n = 2), and adults (n = 3). Interstrain differences in collagen production under standardized conditions were significantly greater than intrastrain variation (anova, p = 0.0051). There was no significant alteration in the type I:type III collagen ratio due to variation in: phase of cell growth, doublings (between 13th and 22nd), rate of isotope incorporation, labelling time (24-72 hrs) in the presence of ascorbic acid (50 micrograms/ml), age of donor (with the possible exception of adolescence), and site of biopsy (genital and non-genital sites). Variable conversion of type I procollagen to collagen did not perturb the type I:type III collagen ratio. Cell strains from OI patients (Sillence classification): type I (one strain); type II, III and IV (3 strains each) had greater interstrain than intrastrain variation in the collagen ratio (p = 0.0149). Interstrain differences were greater in OI cell strains relative to normal cell strains (p less than 0.01). In the aggregate, OI cells had significantly lower type I collagen production relative to type III (I/III ratio = 1.18) when compared with normal cells (I/III ratio = 2.90; t test, p less than 0.0001). These findings imply abnormal synthesis, secretion or stability of type I procollagen and greater phenotypic heterogeneity in OI skin fibroblasts relative to normal cells. PMID- 6221881 TI - Actin in the extracellular matrix of smooth muscle cells. An immunoelectron microscopic study. AB - Actin has been specifically detected in the intercellular matrix of mouse smooth muscle cells and along the vascular internal elastic membrane by means of immunoferritin-electron microscopy, employing human antibodies to smooth muscle actin. The presence of actin in the smooth muscle matrix suggests that this protein may have relevance in controlling cell-to-cell adhesion and the sliding of one smooth muscle cell over the other, both in contracted and expanded status. The association of actin with the elastic membrane may represent the anatomical basis of a functional link between elastic membrane, adjacent fibronectin and smooth muscle cells. Thus the transmission of movement from the smooth muscle cells to the elastic membrane can be achieved. PMID- 6221882 TI - Alterations in blood lipids and side effects induced by depo-provera in Nigerian women. AB - A fasting plasma lipid profile investigation was undertaken in 63 women who were on contraception with the 3-monthly intramuscular depo-provera injection for periods ranging from 3 to 30 months. Fifty nulliparous women, with no previous history of contraceptive therapy, matched for age, parity, height and socio economic status, served as controls. History of clinico-physiological side effects was recorded. The results show reduced levels of fasting plasma cholesterol in patients on depo-provera compared to the control group but there was no significant change in fasting plasma phospholipid levels. Contrary to expectations, the patients on depo-provera had higher fasting plasma triglyceride levels than controls. Excessive weight gain and irregular heavy bleeding represent major reasons for withdrawal from depo-provera therapy. The findings suggest that the alterations in the plasma lipid profile, body weight and side effects experienced by women on depo-provera may be inversely related to the duration of effective therapy. PMID- 6221883 TI - Prevalence of ischaemic heart disease and of various electrocardiographic changes according to findings of the cooperative Moscow-Kaunas-Minsk study. AB - In the cooperative study of multifactorial prevention of ischaemic heart disease (IHD), conducted in Moscow, Kaunas and Minsk, the authors investigated and compared the prevalence of IHD, its various forms, ECG changes and the awareness of the IHD patients that they were affected by this disease. Preventive examination of the male population in the 40 to 59 years age group revealed the presence of IHD in 14.8% in Moscow, 10.7% in Kaunas and 14.1% in Minsk. In the male population in Moscow IHD has a more severe course with the prevalence of painful forms, whereas in Kaunas there occur in more than 50% of the patients and in Minsk in 49% painless forms of IHD. Myocardial infarction occurs in Moscow more frequently (3.7%) than in Minsk (3.1%) and in Kaunas (2.5%), and is in Moscow in a higher percentage of cases associated with signs of pronounced cicatricial changes in the myocardium on the ECG. Angina pectoris of effort occurred among persons without MI in Kaunas in 2.4%, in Minsk twice as frequently (4.8%) and in Moscow nearly three times as frequently (6.8%). Of the persons in whom examination established the presence of IHD or angina pectoris of effort, every third in Moscow and every second in Kaunas and Minsk was not aware of their disease. PMID- 6221884 TI - Diagnostic significance of spatial orientation of the electrical axis of the heart according to data of orthogonal electrocardiography. AB - 286 persons, including 146 patients with chronic pulmonary disease and 116 with extensive myocardial infarction in the acute stage, were subjected to electrocardiographic examination with the application of corrected orthogonal system of Frank. The contribution was studied of orthogonal ECG for analysing the orientation of the electrical axis of the heart in routine medical practice, for example in diagnosing complicated clinical problems, such as cor pulmonale and myocardial infarction. The dynamics of deviations of the electrical axis in three dimensional space at respiratory insufficiency of various degree and at combined myocardial infarctions was investigated. Characteristic features were found of displacement of the electrical axis, which facilitate the diagnosing of right ventricular hypertrophy, transmural myocardial infarction, and more accurate determination of its localization. PMID- 6221885 TI - T-T cell interactions in cell-mediated immune responses to major histocompatibility complex antigens. PMID- 6221886 TI - A multi-centre study of zomepirac in painful conditions: an analysis of clinical data for 15,484 patients. AB - An open, multi-centre study was carried out in patients with various moderate to severe painful conditions to assess the effectiveness of zomepirac in relieving pain. Patients were treated with 300 mg to 600 mg zomepirac daily for 7 days. Data from 15,484 patients have been analyzed. Most of the patients (75%) were already being treated with an analgesic on entry and more than half of them had been prescribed this by their doctor. Almost half, however, had still been in pain for more than 4 weeks before receiving zomepirac. An analysis of pain severity assessments showed a reduction from an initial score of 2.4 to 1.3 (on a 4-point rating scale). Global responses were recorded and 71.7% of the patients were considered to have improved according to the opinion of both doctors and patients, with the best response (84.1%) being observed in those with acute painful states such as sprains, strains and fractures and with pain of short duration. Pain frequently disrupts sleep, and 46.2% of patients reported their sleep as 'bad' or 'very bad' on entry to the study. After treatment, this figure was reduced to 15.1%. The side-effects reported, which were mainly gastro intestinal, were mild in general and led to withdrawal of only 7.2% of the patients before completion of treatment. PMID- 6221887 TI - Vitamin A analogs in skin disease. AB - Although large doses of oral retinoids produce marked toxic effects in some circumstances, it appears there may be a potential for the use of synthetic retinoids in cancer prevention and therapy in addition to the profoundly important benefits shown thus far in a variety of dermatological conditions. Furthermore, the wide diversity of retinoid effects on cell systems suggests that other, nondermatological, diseases may eventually be found to respond to this new class of therapeutic agents. This is to be expected particularly if newer retinoids show new tissue specificities. As was true of steroids in 1950, the potential of retinoids in 1982 is only partly visible, but very exciting. PMID- 6221888 TI - Occupational dermatitis from pesticides: patch testing procedures. PMID- 6221889 TI - Phototypesetting paper as a cause of allergic contact dermatitis in newspaper production workers. AB - Tertiary butyl catechol (TBC), an antioxidant in phototypesetting paper, caused allergic contact dermatitis in several newspaper production workers. Five of eight tested workers had strong positive tests to the paper and to 0.1 percent TBC. Only one had subsequent hypopigmentation. The newspaper agency where they work now uses a product which contains no TBC. Sensitized workers have remained free of dermatitis unless exposed to advertising copy from outside sources. PMID- 6221890 TI - Descent of the female urinary bladder. A radiological classification based on colpo-cysto-urethrography. PMID- 6221891 TI - Regression of left ventricular hypertrophy after intervention. PMID- 6221892 TI - [Minor oral surgery in the handicapped child]. PMID- 6221893 TI - [Can osteosarcoma be cured by drugs? (Report of a clinical and roentgenological follow-up study of 5 cases)]. PMID- 6221895 TI - [CT diagnosis of the pathogenesis of exophthalmos]. PMID- 6221894 TI - [Computed tomography in the diagnosis of cerebral cysticercosis]. PMID- 6221896 TI - [CT diagnosis of pituitary adenoma (report of 51 cases)]. PMID- 6221897 TI - [Roentgenological diagnosis of melanoma of the brain]. PMID- 6221898 TI - [Extracranial meningioma (report of 4 cases)]. PMID- 6221899 TI - [Some problems of X-ray diagnosis in maxillary sinus disease]. PMID- 6221900 TI - [Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (report of 4 cases)]. PMID- 6221901 TI - [X-ray diagnosis of brucellar spondylitis]. PMID- 6221902 TI - [Plain film diagnosis of total anomalous pulmonary venous connection in infancy]. PMID- 6221904 TI - [Some special roentgen manifestations of pulmonary metastases]. PMID- 6221903 TI - [Evaluation on standards of left atrial enlargement from echocardiography, radiography and electrocardiography]. PMID- 6221905 TI - [Tuberculoma in the pleural cavity (report of 15 cases)]. PMID- 6221906 TI - [The diagnostic value of selective celiac and superior mesenteric arteriography]. PMID- 6221907 TI - [Local dome-shaped elevation of the diaphragm]. PMID- 6221908 TI - [Tomographic analysis of 41 cases of laryngeal disease]. PMID- 6221909 TI - [Roentgenologic manifestations of corrosive burns of the upper digestive tract]. PMID- 6221910 TI - [The use of single-dose total body irradiation before bone marrow transplantation in treatment of leukemia]. PMID- 6221912 TI - Properties of immunoglobulin G-Fc receptors from neonatal rat intestinal brush borders. AB - Newborn rats acquire immunity passively by receptor-mediated uptake of maternal immunoglobulin G (IgG) from the first milk. Specific IgG binding to brush borders and IgG transport across the gut increase concomitantly for 10-12 days after birth and then fall until closure at about 21 days. Cortisol acetate administration accelerates this decline. Two classes of binding site are resolved by their affinities (KA1 = 1.3 X 10(8) M; KA2 = 5.15 X 10(6) M). Persistence of the low-affinity site after closure precludes a transport role (see Rodewald et al, this volume). Target size analysis gives a preliminary Mr for the high affinity site of 90 000-100 000. IgG recognition involves a small number of positively charged residues in the Fc region. An Fc binding activity is solubilized from intestinal brush borders by lithium 3,5-diiodosalicylate. PMID- 6221913 TI - Immunoglobulin G receptors of intestinal brush borders from neonatal rats. AB - Intestinal absorptive cells of the neonatal rat display on their brush border membranes receptors for immunoglobulin G (IgG) which function in selective transfer of maternal IgG. Our Scatchard analysis of [125I]IgG binding to isolated brush borders has corroborated the presence of two classes of specific binding sites (KA1 = 2.4 X 10(7) M-1 and KA2 = 3.7 X 10(5) M-1) and the increase in overall binding with decreased buffer concentration, as shown by Wallace & Rees 1980. However, our Scatchard analysis of binding at different buffer concentrations indicates that the only significant effect of lowered buffer concentration is to increase the number of low-affinity sites. Neither the number nor the affinity of the high-affinity sites is affected. Furthermore, brush borders from rats at 21 days have only the low-affinity sites and at this age the selective transfer of IgG has ceased. Morphological experiments with tracers for both light and electron microscopy suggest that the high-affinity sites correspond to the specific IgG receptors on the apical membrane. The majority of the low-affinity sites are found within the terminal web and are likely not to be involved in selective transport of IgG. PMID- 6221911 TI - Individualized cosinor assessment of circadian hormonal variation in third trimester human pregnancy. AB - Two clinically healthy pregnant women were studied in a single 24-h span during the third trimester. Blood drawn every 20 min was assayed for cortisol (F), dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S), estriol (E3), and prolactin (PRL). Blood drawn hourly was assayed for progesterone (P), human placental lactogen (HPL) and 15alpha-hydroxyestriol (E4). Breast temperature (BT) was continuously monitored. Single cosinor analysis demonstrated statistically significant circadian rhythms for plasma concentrations of F, DHEA-S, and BT for both subjects, and of E3 for one subject. Statistically significant circadian rhythms in plasma concentrations of P, HPL, E4 or PRL could not be demonstrated in our third trimester subjects. However, analysis of data from subjects sampled at earlier gestational ages revealed highly significant PRL circadian rhythms. These results suggest that plasma concentrations of PRL show a progressive decrease in circadian amplitude despite a progressive increase in mesor with advancing gestational age. Frequent sampling and cosinor data analysis permit identification of circadian rhythms in BT. The use of BT as a potential marker for rhythms in plasma concentration of certain hormones awaits further scrutiny. The demonstration of several circadian endocrine rhythms in individual subjects in the third trimester of human pregnancy facilitates the usefulness of such marker rhythms. PMID- 6221914 TI - Surgical aspects of hereditary intestinal polyposis. PMID- 6221915 TI - Intervention radiology in a small center hospital. AB - Radiologic intervention procedures are being introduced more and more in larger centers. The role of the radiologist in small hospitals has to be established. The results of 3 years of experience with radiologic intervention procedures in a 280-bed small center hospital are reported. Drainage procedures and percutaneous transluminal angioplasty have been employed successfully but, as yet, the experiences with embolization have been disappointing. PMID- 6221916 TI - [Laparoscopic sonography. A new dimension in the diagnostic approach to internal organs]. AB - A newly developed laparoscopic sonography probe was used for assessment of upper abdominal and retroperitoneal organs. A linear array instrument with a frequency of 7 MHz was used. The cross-sectional width is 3.5 cm and the high frequency permits excellent dissolution. Thus the accepted loss of penetration depth is fully compensated by the possibility of placing the probe directly onto the organs. This method seems to be particularly suitable for detailed assessment of intraabdominal and retroperitoneal organs and of pathological changes. Laparoscopic ultrasonography-directed collection of tissues for histologic evaluation is equally easily done. PMID- 6221917 TI - [The toxic shock syndrome in male patients]. AB - The toxic shock syndrome was observed in two young men (16 and 22 years). In one it occurred after a purulent scraping wound of the skin, in the other two days after an operation with seemingly normal wound conditions. All findings returned to normal in both patients after about five weeks. The syndrome of toxic shock can occur, regardless of age and sex, in Staphylococcus aureus infections of various kinds. PMID- 6221918 TI - Physiological changes in carps induced by pollution. AB - Several pollutants like DDT, atrazine, PCP, and others induce changes of cortisol and glucose levels in serum, variations of the amount of liver glycogen and liver function, and exert changes of the activity of gill ATPase and acetylcholinesterase in brain and serum of carps. There is always a biphasic response, an increase of concentration or enzyme activity for a short time, and a decrease or inhibition of the enzymes after a longer exposure to the pollutants. The time scale, the duration of the period of increase and that of decrease, depends on the concentration and the toxicity of the pollutants. The influence of the pollutants in normal fresh water was compared with the effects occurring in carps acclimated to 1.2% salt water. This condition enables one to show that the carps are more sensitive to the pollutants under this condition. All responses are unspecific. Advice for the use of these tests as criteria for water quality are given. PMID- 6221921 TI - A physiological dose of triiodothyronine normalizes cardiac myosin adenosine triphosphatase activity and changes myosin isoenzyme distribution in semistarved rats. AB - The possibility that the lowering of thyroid hormone levels which occurs in the nonthyroidal illness syndrome results in a hypothyroid state at the cardiac tissue level was examined in semistarved rats. Rats were fed 50% of their normal food intake in the form of a regular diet (R. diet) or low carbohydrate diet (L.C. diet) for 8 weeks. Animals semistarved for 8 weeks on the R. diet lost 42% of their body weight, while plasma T3 and T4 levels decreased by 45-50%. Semistarvation on the L.C. diet resulted in a 19% weight loss and a similar 46 49% decrease in plasma T3 and T4 levels. Ca++-activated myosin ATPase activity declined by 28% and 48% with the R. and L.C. diets, respectively [normal rats myosin ATPase, 1.30 +/- 0.18 mumol Pi/(mg protein . min) (mean +/- SD); semistarvation R diet, 0.93 +/- 0.15; semistarvation L.C. diet, 0.67 +/- 0.15]. The administration of physiological amounts of T3 (0.3 micrograms T3/100 g BW daily) restored the cardiac myosin ATPase activity in both groups. To confirm that the T3 effect was due to a normalization of the thyroid status at the tissue level, hypothyroid animals on a normal diet were injected with 0.3 micrograms T3 for 4 weeks, which resulted in normalization of myosin ATPase activity levels. Thyroidectomized rats receiving daily T3 injections, and when placed on a 50% reduction of food intake for 4 weeks still maintained normal myosin ATPase activity even though they lost 36% of their body weight. Distribution of cardiac myosin isoenzymes was determined by pyrophosphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. In normal cardiac ventricles, myosin isoenzyme V1 predominates and represents 68 +/- 7% (+/- SD) of the total myosin. Semistarvation resulted in a redistribution of myosin isoenzymes so that V3 myosin was the predominant species (53 +/- 3% of the total myosin). The administration of 0.3 microgram T3/100 g BW daily for 4 weeks to semistarved rats reverted myosin isoenzyme distribution to V1 predominance (V1 myosin, 54 +/- 3% of the total myosin). These results indicate that the semistarvation-induced lowering plasma T3 and T4 levels is an important determinant of myosin ATPase activity and myosin isoenzyme distribution. Restoration of myosin ATPase activity to its normal level and return to myosin V1 predominance after T3 administration make it likely that these changes are related to the lowering of thyroid hormone levels. PMID- 6221922 TI - Decreased response of plasma catecholamine to stress in diabetic rats. AB - Previously we reported that the heart norepinephrine concentration was markedly increased in diabetic rats. To further study the relationship between a disturbance in the autonomic nervous system and catecholamine metabolism in diabetes mellitus, the plasma catecholamine response to stress and catecholamine concentration of heart and adrenals were measured. Wistar male rats were made diabetic by streptozotocin and kept for 13 weeks. A silicon catheter was placed in the superior V. cava 1 week prior to the experiment. Insulin was injected subcutaneously for 3 days once daily. After an overnight fast and without anesthesia, 1 ml of blood, a control sample, was obtained and then the animals were exsanguinated. The blood was mixed with 1 mM EGTA at a final concentration and centrifuged. The tissue was homogenized with 0.4 N perchloric acid containing 1 mM EGTA and centrifuged at 10,000 x g for 20 minutes. Catecholamines were determined by high performance liquid chromatography. Normal rats responded to blood withdrawal stress, and plasma catecholamines were markedly increased, but almost no increase or an actual decrease was observed in diabetic rats. These abnormal responses were improved by insulin treatment. Heart norepinephrine was increased significantly in the diabetic rats compared with the control rats and was reduced significantly by insulin injections. Adrenal epinephrine was also significantly increased in the diabetic rats compared with the control rats, but was not significantly reduced by insulin. These result suggest a possible disturbance of catecholamine secretion in the diabetic rats. PMID- 6221923 TI - Insulin receptors on erythrocytes and hepatocytes from streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. AB - Insulin receptors on hepatocytes and erythrocytes were studied in rats two and eight weeks after the injection of streptozotocin (50 mg/kg) to see if erythrocyte insulin receptors change parallel with hepatocyte insulin receptors in response to hypoinsulinemia. Insulin binding to hepatocytes increased two (14.0 +/- 2.5% v.s. 7.7 +/- 0.7%; P less than 0.025) and eight weeks (15.9 +/- 1.9% v.s. 6.6 +/- 1.1%; P less than 0.005) after the streptozotocin injection. Scatchard analysis revealed that this increase was due to a rise in both the receptor concentration and affinity. The number of receptors was comparable in the two- and eight-week-streptozotocin rats while the increase in the affinity was more pronounced in the latter group. Insulin binding to the erythrocytes was also increased in both two- (5.0 +/- 0.7% v.s. 4.2 +/- 0.6%) and eight-week- (4.3 +/- 0.6% v.s. 2.7 +/- 1.2%) streptozotocin rats. This increase was due to a rise in the receptor concentration rather than the affinity. However, compared to hepatocytes, these changes were inconsistent and statistically not significant. Furthermore, no correlation was obtained between the binding and plasma insulin concentration. These results indicate that insulin receptors on rat erythrocytes are less sensitive to a change in the plasma insulin concentration and do not always reflect accurately the receptor state on hepatocytes. PMID- 6221924 TI - Retardation of thyroxine-induced metamorphosis by Amphenone B in toad tadpoles. AB - The effect of Amphenone B, an inhibitor of corticoid synthesis, on thyroxine (T4) induced metamorphosis was studied in toad tadpoles kept in thiourea. Amphenone injections retarded T4-induced tail resorption markedly. The effect of Amphenone was nullified by aldosterone and corticosterone added to the water in which tadpoles were kept. Steroidogenic cells of adrenals in Amphenone-injected animals were enlarged markedly as compared with those in the saline-injected tadpoles or the Amphenone-injected tadpoles which were supplemented with corticoids. The results strongly suggest that endogenous corticoids act together with thyroid hormone to accelerate metamorphosis. PMID- 6221925 TI - Endoscopic appendectomy. AB - These newly developed endoscopic methods in gynaecology for haemostasis during surgical pelviscopy (Endocoagulation Roeder-loop ligation, endoligature, endo suture with intra- and extracorporeal knotting) make it possible to carry out appendectomy by endoscopy for any of the following indications: Postoperative adhesion of the appendix especially in "sterility" patients, elongated appendix extending into the small pelvis, endometriosis of the appendix, subacute and chronic appendicitis. The instrument-set employed in this method permits the performance of all the usual classical operative steps (purse-string suture, and Z-suture acc. to McBurney and Sprengel). The point for resection has to be sterilized over 20-30 sec. at 212 degrees F using the crocodile forceps (endocoagulation procedure) before division and extraction of the appendix is effected. PMID- 6221926 TI - The use of Neurospora in the evaluation of the mutagenic activity of environmental chemicals. AB - The utility of various assay systems developed with Neurospora for hazard identification, hazard evaluation, and risk estimation is discussed. The use of the ad-3 test system in a two-component heterokaryon is discussed in relation to its utility for hazard evaluation and risk estimation. This ad-3 assay provides information on those specific locus mutations that arise by multilocus deletions with regard to both frequency and relative size. Information on this class of specific locus mutations is particularly important because, as shown in Drosophila, mouse, and man, this type of damage can have immediate and undesirable effects on F1 progeny. PMID- 6221927 TI - Phosphorylated intermediate of a transport ATPase and activity of protein kinase in membranes from corn roots. AB - A maize-root microsomal fraction was enriched in ATPase by treatment with Triton X-100. This activity, which reached 1.2-2.0/mumol Pi x min-1 x mg protein-1, was specific for ATP, very slightly stimulated by K+, inhibited by orthovanadate and diethylstilbestrol, resistant to oligomycin and azide, and had a Km of 1.2 mM MgATP. Incubation of the microsomal fraction with [gamma 32-P]ATP followed by electrophoresis in acid conditions revealed the presence of several phosphoproteins. The phosphorylation of a 110000-Mr polypeptide reached the steady-state level in less than 5 s and rapidly turned over the phosphate group. The phosphorylation level was an hyperbolic function of the [ATP] with a Km of 0.6 mM, suggesting that the rate of Pi production was proportional to the phosphoprotein concentration. The extent of phosphoprotein was decreased by vanadate and diethylstilbestrol. The phosphorylation level was 30% decreased by 50 mM K+ or Na+ while the ATPase activity was slightly stimulated (12% and 5%, respectively). The polypeptide could not be phosphorylated in reverse by Pi. This phosphorylated intermediate from maize-root microsomes exhibits molecular properties characteristic of transport ATPases such as the yeast plasma membrane H+-translocating ATPase. This similarity indicates existence of a transport ATPase in plant plasma membranes. Three other plant microsomal polypeptides (Mr = 52000, 17000 and 16000) and a low molecular weight component (Mr less than 1000) were phosphorylated much more slowly, were not undergoing a rapid turnover and were not hydrolysed by hydroxylamine. These phosphoproteins and the Mr less than 1000 phosphorylated component were inhibited by vanadate and diethylstilbestrol. These properties are similar to those of the protein kinase activity recently described in yeast plasma membranes. PMID- 6221928 TI - The effects of octylglucoside on the interactions of chloroplast coupling factor 1 (CF1) with adenine nucleotides. AB - The effects of octylglucoside (OcGlc) micelles, which stimulate a Mg-specific ATPase activity in chloroplast coupling factor 1 [Pick, U. and Bassilian, S. (1982) Biochemistry, 21, 6144-6152], on the interactions of the enzyme with adenine nucleotides have been studied. 1. OcGlc specifically accelerates the binding and the release of ADP but not of ATP or adenosine 5'[beta, gamma imido]triphosphate (AdoPP[NH]P) from the tight-sites. The binding affinity for ADP and for ATP is only slightly decreased (twofold) by the detergent. ATP competitively inhibits the binding of ADP and vice versa in the presence or absence of OcGlc. 2.OcGlc-induced inactivation of CF1-ATPase is correlated with the release of bound nucleotides. In the absence of medium nucleotides ADP X CF1 is rapidly inactivated while ATP X CF1 and AdoPP[NH]P X CF1 are slowly inactivated by OcGlc in parallel with the release of bound nucleotide. In contrast, low concentrations of either ATP or ADP in the medium effectively protect against OcGlc inactivation while AdoPP[NH]P, whose binding to CF1 is inhibited by OcGlc, is ineffective even at millimolar concentrations. The results suggest that the occupancy of the tight-sites protects the enzyme against OcGlc induced inactivation. 3. Mg ions specifically inhibit the release of bound ADP and the OcGlc-induced inactivation of CF1. High concentrations of medium ATP and ADP (K50 = 100 microM) also inhibit the OcGlc-induced release of bound nucleotides in an EDTA medium. In contrast, in the absence of OcGlc, medium ADP and ATP accelerate the release of bound adenine nucleotides. 4. Mg-ATP in the presence of OcGlc stimulates the release of bound ADP from CF1. Bound ATP is neither released nor hydrolyzed at the tight-sites under these conditions where medium ATP is rapidly hydrolyzed. Mg-ADP stimulates the release of bound ADP only in the presence of inorganic phosphate or of phosphate analogs, e.g. arsenate, pyrophosphate or selenate. 5. It is suggested that: (a) ATP and ADP bind to the same tight-sites, but OcGlc activation specifically accelerates the exchange of bound ADP at the site. (b) CF1 contains low affinity adenine nucleotide binding sites which may be the catalytical sites and which influence the tight-sites by cooperative interactions. (c) Mg-ATP in the presence of OcGlc induces a conformational change at the catalytical site which accelerates the release of ADP from the tight-site. The implications of these results to the role of adenine nucleotides in the regulation and mechanism of ATP hydrolysis by CF1 are discussed. PMID- 6221929 TI - Experimental evaluation of three biomaterials for replacement of the pulmonary artery branches. AB - 24 adult dogs were randomly divided into 4 groups and submitted to angioplastic replacement of a 2- to 3-cm segment of the right or left pulmonary artery by three kinds of autogenous biomaterials; azygous vein, jugular vein and pericardium, and by a synthetic arterial prosthesis in a control group. In vivo evaluation was carried out by catheterization with a balloon catheter allowing successive intraluminal occlusion of the pulmonary branches, and by cineangiopneumography. There was a good correlation between evaluation techniques. Final evaluation after a follow-up of 5-20 months was based on postmortem measurement of the anastomosis diameter and histologic examination. In each group, the results were classified into four grades, numbered 0-3, and compared statistically. The results show that in this experimental model: (a) none of the autogenous tissues (selected for their potential ability to grow) proved better than the control Dacron arterial prosthesis, and (b) of the three biomaterials, the azygous vein was superior to the jugular vein and pericardium. PMID- 6221930 TI - Purification of a chalone-like inhibitor for Ehrlich ascites mammary carcinoma cells from bovine mammary gland. AB - A factor which inhibits the resumption of proliferation of stationary Ehrlich ascites mammary carcinoma (EAC) cells in vitro was isolated from the normal, lactating bovine mammary gland. After fractionation of the 50,000 g supernatant of the tissue homogenate by ammonium sulfate precipitation and gel filtration, it was further purified 2600-fold by ultrafiltration and lectin affinity chromatography. Polyacrylamide electrophoresis revealed one band containing all the activity. SDS gel electrophoresis showed a main band corresponding to a protein with a molecular weight of about 15,000 dalton. At this state of purity the factor concentration for half-maximal inhibition of proliferation was 12 ng/ml or 8 X 10(-10) M. The effects of factor concentrations of 4 X 10(-9) or 4 X 10(-8) M are abolished by 5 X 10(-9) M insulin almost completely or to 70%. PMID- 6221931 TI - Strong histocompatibility and cell-mediated cytotoxic effects of a single Mls difference demonstrated using a new congenic mouse strain. AB - In vivo and in vitro effects of incompatibility at the Mls locus have been studied utilizing a recently created congenic mouse strain. Results obtained with skin grafts were compared to those obtained in the mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) and cell-mediated cytotoxicity assays. The in vitro responsiveness of cells from skin-grafted mice was compared to that of cells from corresponding ungrafted mice. The results showed that: (a) Mlsa, strongly stimulatory in primary MLR, has a weak effect on skin graft rejection; specific in vivo preimmunization against Mlsa increases and accelerates the rejection of skin grafts, but abrogates the responsiveness in MLR; and (b) incompatibility for Mlsb, nonstimulatory in primary MLR, induces relatively rapid rejection of 100% of skin grafts; this rejection is dramatically accelerated by specific in vivo preimmunization and is followed by activation of helper and cytotoxic cells. Results obtained in the cell-mediated cytotoxicity assay suggest that the recognition of Mlsb determinants is H-2-restricted. Finally, the rejection of skin grafts incompatible for numerous non-H-2 loci is delayed by an additional incompatibility for Mlsb, suggesting that Mlsb decreases the response to other non-H-2 antigens, thus acting as a suppressor and/or competitor antigen. We conclude that, in contrast with previous findings, Mls incompatibility may have a strong effect on skin graft rejection, depending on the allelic combination involved, and, after in vivo immunization, Mlsb activates cell-mediated proliferative and cytotoxic responses and definitely is not "silent". The importance of the histocompatibility effects of Mls determinants and the variety of its biological functions are much in favor of the existence of a polymorphic and complex system capable of activating different cell subsets. PMID- 6221932 TI - Prevention of complement activation on the homologous cell membrane of nucleated cells as well as erythrocytes. AB - A C3b receptor, a glycoprotein with a molecular weight of 205 kDa (gp205) on human erythrocytes (Ehu), has been claimed to restrict the activation of human complement via the alternative complement pathway (ACP), thereby inhibiting the activation of the ACP even on neuraminidase (Nase)-treated Ehu. However, the Nase treated Ehu were sensitive to hemolysis by guinea pig complement via ACP activation, although the C3b receptors on Ehu can react with guinea pig C3b. Furthermore, HeLa cells which had no detectable C3b receptor did not became reactive with guinea pig ACP. On the contrary, Nase treatment of guinea pig erythrocytes (Egp) as well as guinea pig line 10 tumor cells, which have no detectable C3b receptor, could not make those cells reactive with the homologous guinea pig ACP although they became reactive with human and rabbit ACP. Similarly, rabbit E did not become reactive with the homologous rabbit ACP following Nase treatment. Nase-treated Egp preincubated with human serum in the presence of EDTA were also not lysed by guinea pig serum. Therefore the unreactiveness of Nase-treated cell membrane with homologous ACP was not merely due to the absence of antibody to cell membrane in the homologous serum. There may be a membrane inhibitor which preferentially interacts with homologous complement to circumvent undesirable complement activation on the homologous cell membrane. PMID- 6221933 TI - Antigen-binding human T suppressor cells and their association with the HLA-DR locus. AB - The ability of human lymphocytes to bind antigen was studied by direct binding of 125I-labeled streptococcal protein antigen, followed by autoradiography. T enriched lymphocytes depleted of adherent cells and B cells showed specific binding of 125I-labeled streptococcal antigen (SA) at 4 degrees C and in the presence of sodium azide. Further depletions of the T-enriched population by the monoclonal T4 or T8 antiserum and complement revealed that the antigen-binding T cell is T4-, T8+. This was confirmed by positive selection of T8 cells, by rosetting with ox red blood cells and by the binding of SA by in vitro induced suppressor but not helper cells. Antigen specificity of binding to the suppressor cells was established by complete inhibition with the SA but no inhibition with keyhole limpet hemocyanin. A characteristic dose-response of binding 1 or 10 ng SA to HLA-DRw6 lymphocytes and 1000 ng SA to DR4,1,2,3 or 5 lymphocytes was found. A comparison of the dose-responses of antigen-binding T8+ suppressor cells with those of helper and suppressor functions showed that the dose of SA which binds to suppressor cells is similar to the dose required to induce helper but not suppressor function. A plausible interpretation of these observations is that the T8+ antigen-binding suppressor cells might function as "contrasuppressor cells" which compete successfully for the membrane receptors of helper cells, thereby preventing suppression by the major subset of suppressor cells. PMID- 6221934 TI - Characterization of a subpopulation in neonatal thymus which suppress the graft vs.-host reaction. AB - Thymus cells from neonatal and infant mice were found to have a high capacity to prevent mortality from acute graft-vs.-host disease as compared with spleen cells from stable radiation chimeras. This suppressive capacity of thymocytes decreases with age after birth as was demonstrated by semi-quantitative cell titrations. This suppressor activity is restricted to syngeneity of the graft-vs.-host disease-including cells. The thymic suppressor cells are Thy-1+ and Lyt-1+ and IgG- and IgM-. They do not agglutinate with peanut agglutinin and have a high electrophoretic mobility. In vitro irradiation experiments showed that the suppressor cells are radiation sensitive. These results are compared with the available information on cells suppressing delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions and those suppressing B cell responses. PMID- 6221935 TI - T cell-mediated cytolysis: on the strength of effector-target cell interaction. AB - Allosensitized lymphoid cell populations contain T lymphocytes that can bind to target cells and lyse them. We asked whether there was a relationship between lymphocyte target cell-binding strength and occurrence of cytolysis. Using graded shear forces to dissociate effector-target cell conjugates, we found that (a) within an allosensitized lymphoid cell population derived from an heterogeneous mixed leukocyte culture, there were lymphocyte-target cell conjugates with binding strengths differing by a factor of at least 10(2), (b) even the minimal force required to release a significant amount of bound target cells could disrupt the plasma membranes of some tumor cells and (c) these tumor cells disrupted by shear forces were probably part of cytolysis-conducive rather than of non-cytolysis-conductive conjugates. We combined this approach with the use of cytolysis-inhibiting monoclonal antibodies (mAb), and found that antibody-induced decrease of cytolysis was correlated with a decrease in the percentage of strong or total conjugates, depending on the mAb used. When lectins were added to overcome the inhibitory effect of the mAb, reappearance of cytolytic activity correlated with reappearance of conjugates. This was especially striking using wheat germ agglutinin (WGA): the addition of WGA to irrelevant effector-target cell combinations did not lead to cytolysis; however, the addition of WGA to relevant effector-target cell combinations inhibited by mAb led to reappearance of cytolysis and of strong conjugates. Taken together, these and other results suggested that under our experimental conditions a threshold level of binding strength between effector and target cells might be important, although not sufficient, for T cell-mediated cytotoxicity. These results were not inconsistent with the involvement of mechanical factors in this process. Also, they were in line with the concept of nonantigen-specific lymphoid cell surface interacting molecules, detected by the mAb used and important for the establishment of strong, functional lymphocyte target cell interactions. Finally, they underlined the necessity of a quantitative estimate of cell-cell binding strength when investigating the effect of a given agent (e.g. a mAb) on lymphocyte target cell recognition. PMID- 6221936 TI - Dopamine D-1 and D-2 receptors in Huntington's disease. AB - Dopamine receptors were studied in post-mortem brains from control and Huntington's disease patients, using the specific binding of [3H]spiperone to dopamine D-2 receptors and [3H]piflutixol to dopamine D-1 receptors. Both [3H]spiperone binding and [3H]piflutixol binding were reduced by 45-50% in Huntington's disease putamen. The loss of [3H]spiperone and [3H]piflutixol binding sites correlated with decreased GABA concentrations observed in Huntington's disease putamen. A selective loss (48%) of [3H]piflutixol binding was observed in Huntington's disease substantia nigra pars reticulata, [3H]piflutixol binding was unchanged in substantia nigra pars compacta. No differences in [3H]spiperone binding were observed between the groups in either region of substantia nigra. The results are discussed in relation to the pathophysiology of Huntington's disease, and to the presence of distinct dopamine receptors in human brain. PMID- 6221937 TI - The attenuation by chronic electroconvulsive treatment of hypothermia induced by histamine H2-receptor stimulants in rats. PMID- 6221938 TI - Effect of thymoxamine on the human pupil. AB - The specificity of thymoxamine, an alpha-adrenoceptor antagonist was determined from in vitro organ bath studies using isolated preparations of canine saphenous and portal mesenteric veins. It was found that thymoxamine interacts mainly with postjunctional alpha-adrenoceptors. The miotic effects of topical thymoxamine hydrochloride were measured in normal human eyes using infrared pupillography. The effects of five different concentrations of thymoxamine were measured over time. Time-response and concentration-response relationships were calculated. The maximal pupillary response occurs at 60 min after instillation of the drug and has a half-life of 10 hr. The minimum effective concentration of thymoxamine is 0.01%, and the maximum effective concentration is 1.3%. Thymoxamine's properties could make it a clinically useful drug to diagnose angle-closure glaucoma, and also to reverse drug-induced mydriasis. PMID- 6221939 TI - Impaired autologous and allogeneic mixed lymphocyte reaction in human marrow transplant recipients. AB - The autologous and allogeneic mixed lymphocyte reactions of enriched T to non-T cells from 54 allogeneic marrow recipients were studied. Reactivity of cells from almost all patients was severely impaired when compared with those from their marrow donors. There were no differences between lymphocyte responses of patients with and without graft-versus-host disease. However, in the autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction the impairment was more severe in cells from short-term than in those from long-term patients. Coculture experiments using enriched T or non-T cells from patients mixed with T or non-T cells from their respective marrow donors indicated that the impairment resided primarily in the responding T cells, partially in stimulating non-T cells, and perhaps also in the interactions of T and non-T cells. In the allogeneic mixed lymphocyte reaction, T cells from patients showed defective responses to normal allogeneic non-T cells. Their non-T cells, however, often had normal allogeneic stimulating capacity. PMID- 6221940 TI - Calcium transport and fluorescence polarization of 1,6-diphenyl-1, 3,5-hexatriene in sarcoplasmic reticulum from normal and ethanol-tolerant rats. AB - Sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) of high purity and functional integrity was isolated from skeletal muscle of normal and ethanol-tolerant rats. Ethanol at low concentrations (0.1 to 0.2 M), added in vitro to isolated SR, resulted in slight inhibition of both calcium loading and calcium-stimulated ATPase rates. Higher concentrations of ethanol resulted in further inhibition of calcium loading, but not of calcium-stimulated ATPase. Fluorescence polarization of 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5 hexatriene (DPH) in isolated SR membranes showed a small decrease in anisotropy with the addition of ethanol in vitro. Sarcoplasmic reticulum from normal and ethanol-tolerant rats did not differ in calcium pump function or in fluorescence polarization of DPH, in the presence or absence of ethanol. PMID- 6221941 TI - Strongyloides ratti and Trichinella spiralis: net charge of epicuticle. AB - The intact epicuticles of Strongyloides ratti stage-3 larvae and Trichinella spiralis stage-1 larvae were found to have a surface net negative charge. Ultrastructural studies on S. ratti using cationized ferritin and ruthenium red showed the negative charge to be dense and uniformly distributed over the epicuticular surface. Staining with acetic acid-ferric oxide hydrosol occurred at pH 1.65 and suggests that amino acid carboxyl groups were not responsible for the negative charge property. Alcian blue staining occurred at pH 0.5 and at a critical electrolyte concentration (CEC) of 0.9 M MgCl2, a property similar to that of highly sulfated mucopolysaccharides such as the proteoglycan keratan sulfate. In contrast, T. spiralis larvae failed to stain with alcian blue below pH 5.0 or at a CEC of 0.1 M, suggesting its negative charge is associated with dissociated amino acid carboxyl groups. Attempts to remove the negative charge bearing components in the epicuticle of S. ratti by detergents, organic solvents, denaturing agents, proteases, uronidases, neuraminidases, and lipases were unsuccessful. The presence of elastin in the S. ratti larval outer cortical layer was indicated by its vulnerability to elastase and its reaction to aldehyde fuchsin-alcian blue stain. These results show that the epicuticle of S. ratti is not a typical cell membrane, although it appears to have ultrastructural similarities. It is suggested that the association of highly sulfated mucopolysaccharides with the epicuticular surface of free-living nematodes such as S. ratti L3 may reflect a greater need to protect against surface desiccation. It is also postulated that the highly negatively charged surface may have anticomplementary and anticoagulation effects. PMID- 6221942 TI - Studies of the structure of bacteriophage lambda cro protein in solution. Analysis of the circular dichroism data. AB - The secondary and tertiary structures of bacteriophage cro protein were studied by circular dichroism. The pH dependence of this structure was investigated: cro protein is stable over pH 4.5-10.5. At these pH-values cro protein contains approximately 35% alpha-helix, approximately 20% antiparallel beta-structure and approximately 15% beta-turn, while the remaining part of the protein molecule is in the irregular state. The secondary and tertiary structures of the protein are modified abruptly at more acid and more alkaline pH-values. The curves characterizing the secondary and tertiary structures of the protein are symbatic. The effect of Gu-HCl on the secondary and tertiary structures of cro protein at 22 degrees C and pH 7.2 was studied also. The conformational transition occurs within 0.6-1.9 M Gu-HCl. The changes in the secondary and tertiary structures of the protein have a symbatic character. Thermal denaturation of cro protein was examined. A possible mechanism of the protein denaturation is discussed. PMID- 6221943 TI - In vivo glucose activation of the yeast plasma membrane ATPase. AB - The addition of glucose to yeast cells activates proton efflux mediated by the plasma membrane ATPase. Accordingly, the ATPase activity of purified plasma membranes is increased up to 10-fold. The activated ATPase has a more alkaline pH optimum, better affinity for ATP and greater sensitivity to vanadate than the non activated enzyme. All these changes are reversed by washing the cells free of glucose. This suggests two states of the ATPase which are interconverted by a covalent modification. As glucose does not affect the phosphorylation of plasma membrane polypeptides, other type of covalent modification may be involved. PMID- 6221944 TI - Differential proteolysis and evidence for a residue exchange in tissue plasminogen activator suggest possible association between two types of protein microheterogeneity. AB - The N-terminal part of native one-chain tissue plasminogen activator from melanoma cells is not homogeneous. The protein chain starts at two different positions, in all probability representing a processing difference in the N terminus. Both 'long' L-chains and 3-residue shorter S-chains are present in the preparations. In addition, results compatible with a positional Ser/Gly microheterogeneity were obtained at a single position (position L-4 which is equal to S-1). The N-terminal tripeptide difference seems to be coupled to the possible microheterogeneity: L-chains contain Ser in this position, while S chains appear to contain predominantly Gly. PMID- 6221945 TI - Evaluation of H2O activity in the free or phosphorylated catalytic site of Ca2+ ATPase. AB - The sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase catalyses a reversible calcium transport coupled to phosphate transfer between ATP and water. It has been proposed [Biochemistry (1980) 19, 4252-4261] that the reactivity of the acyl-phosphate bond is dependent on the water activity within the catalytic site. We have tested this hypothesis and found that the polarity in the free catalytic site is lower than that of water, a further and large decrease is observed when the enzyme is phosphorylated by Pi. Phosphorylation by ATP indicates that this polarity change is specifically associated with the formation of the ADP-insensitive phosphoenzyme. PMID- 6221946 TI - Microsomal Ca2+- and phospholipid-dependent protein kinase. Identification and in vitro binding studies. AB - A Ca2+- and phospholipid-dependent protein kinase (CaPK) has been identified in rat liver microsomes. CaPK isolated from liver cytosol bound to smooth microsomes in the presence of 100 microM CaCl2. A saturation in binding was observed when a 5-fold excess of enzyme over that present in microsomes had become bound. The microsomal CaPK and 50% of the enzyme bound in vitro was not removed by EGTA treatment. This suggests that Ca2+ is required for the binding of CaPK to microsomes, but not for the retention of the enzyme on the membrane. PMID- 6221948 TI - Personal protection and clinical evaluation of patients with a history of hepatitis B: a proposed method. PMID- 6221947 TI - The effect of hyperprolactinemia on the diurnal variation of adrenal androgens. AB - Morning and evening plasma cortisol, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and its sulfate (DHEA-S) were measured in ten women with hyperprolactinemia secondary to pituitary adenomas and in seven control subjects with cyclic menses and normal prolactin (PRL) levels. Plasma cortisol and DHEA-S levels were comparable in both groups. A diurnal variation for cortisol and DHEA was identified and comparable in both groups. These findings indicate that PRL may not be an important physiologic regulator of adrenal androgen secretion. PMID- 6221949 TI - Symposium on the patient with increased medical risks. PMID- 6221950 TI - Principles of identification and management. PMID- 6221951 TI - The patient with cancer. AB - Patients with cancer require competent oral health care, provided by a sympathetic and conscientious clinician. Often the ambulatory patient will be best managed by the generalist-family dentist. An understanding of the nature of oral disease in these compromised patients and a readiness to discuss dental treatment modifications with the attending physician should help prepare the dentist to prevent and to treat oral disease in the patient with cancer. PMID- 6221952 TI - The patient with bleeding problems. AB - A brief discussion of the patient with bleeding problems inevitably attempts to make a complex subject simple. Obviously this is not possible, yet there is a remarkable degree of consistency today in the way such patients are managed. The research and technology in progress offers continued hope for more knowledge and technical capability. The dentist who must deliver a health service predicated upon the surgical approach to treatment must continue to keep abreast of new developments. He must be comprehensive in the evaluation and management of his patients. This requires a sense of responsibility and the willingness to share responsibility with those physicians best able to deal with the problem. PMID- 6221953 TI - The dental patient with hypertension. PMID- 6221954 TI - The damaged heart, Part I. PMID- 6221955 TI - The damaged heart, Part II. PMID- 6221956 TI - The dental patient and diabetes mellitus. PMID- 6221957 TI - Dentistry and the alcoholic patient. AB - Alcoholic dental patients are commonly encountered by the practicing dentist. This chapter was written to help the practitioner understand the nature of this highly complex, progressive illness and how to recognize these patients prior to treatment. Dental personnel must understand how alcoholism affects the individual systemically and how this serious condition affects routine dental care. Oral problems commonly experienced by these patients were discussed, with suggestions being given on how to adjust treatment modalities. Furthermore, the dentist must become acutely aware that alcoholism is a problem suffered by many fellow dental professionals as well. PMID- 6221958 TI - The physically and mentally disabled patient. PMID- 6221959 TI - Papillon-Lefevre syndrome. Report of a case treated with oral retinoid RO 10 9359. AB - We report a case of Papillon-Lefevre syndrome in a patient aged 26 in whom the familial genetic study showed close consanguinity among the parents. Oral treatment with aromatic retinoid during 6 weeks provided nearly total healing of the cutaneous lesions. Among the explorations carried out, attention must be paid to the lessening of chemotactic factors in the blood serum. Throughout his life, the patient suffered pronounced bacterial infectious processes, the last being especially severe and leading rapidly to death. PMID- 6221960 TI - The effect of irradiation on the development of low-dose streptozotocin diabetes in mice. AB - The effect of single-dose whole-body irradiation (6.0 Gy) on the development of low-dose streptozotocin diabetes in male C57 Bl/KsJ-mice was investigated. When irradiation precedes the SZ application the development of hyperglycemia could be prevented. Irradiation after SZ injections at the time of appearance hyperglycemia did not interfere with the onset of diabetes. The results underline the participation of radiosensitive immune cells as an etiologic factor of low dose SZ diabetes. PMID- 6221961 TI - A study of the properties of pyruvate kinase isolated from a mutant of Neurospora crassa: a comparison with the parental enzyme. AB - 1. A mutant of Neurospora crassa has been isolated whose pyruvate kinase is twice as active as the wild type enzyme. 2. The purified mutant and the wild type enzymes exhibit similar immunological properties, pI values (6.4) and Arrhenius activation energy (11.2 kcal/mol). 3. Both the enzymes show hyperbolic saturation kinetics with ADP and sigmoidal kinetics with PEP. 4. The mutant enzyme displays a higher affinity for PEP and a greater extent of cooperativity in binding than the wild type. 5. Conformational alterations in the mutant enzyme are inferred on the basis of electrophoretic analyses and denaturation by urea, SDS and heat. PMID- 6221962 TI - Fatty acid activation in the brains of neurologically mutant mice. AB - 1. Palmitoyl-CoA synthetase activity was assayed in subfractions of control and Quaking, Jimpy, Shiverer and Trembler mouse brain. 2. Mouse brain palmitoyl-CoA synthetase activity is not altered during myelination. 3. Mouse brain enzyme activity (homogenate 1.5 +/- 0.3 nmol palmitoyl carnitine/min/per mg protein crude mitochondria 0.6 +/- 0.1 nmol/min/per mg protein and microsomes 1.9 +/- 0.3 nmol/min/per mg protein) does not differ markedly from rat and rabbit brain activity. 4. The lesions of the above mutants which affect myelination and lipid synthesis do not include the enzyme palmitoyl-CoA synthetase. PMID- 6221963 TI - Small intrathecal doses of lysine-acetylsalicylate relieve intractable pain in man. PMID- 6221964 TI - Craniocervical abnormalities in Down's syndrome. PMID- 6221965 TI - [Morphological and instrumental diagnosis of liver cirrhosis]. PMID- 6221966 TI - Pheochromocytoma presenting as possible cardiomyopathy. AB - A case of pheochromocytoma presenting as a possible hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy is reported. In a 67 years old woman without previous history of hypertension, the echocardiogram showed left ventricular concentric hypertrophy and systolic anterior movement of the mitral valve. The carotid pulse was deformed with a spike-and-dome pattern. The complex interactions between myocardial adrenergic receptors sites and catecholamines, and the relation between these substances and the pattern of cardiac hypertrophy are discussed. PMID- 6221967 TI - [Escherichia coli K-12 mutants with an increased efficiency of plasmid transformation]. AB - Escherichia coli K-12 mutants with an enhanced efficiency of plasmid transformation were obtained. In all the mutants, the efficiency of transfection with lambda vir phage DNA was changed, in comparison to the parent strain. However, these changes did not always correlate strictly with plasmid transformation alterations. For instance, two mutants with an increased plasmid transformation efficiency demonstrated 50-fold decrease in the level of transfection with lambda phage DNA. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis points to both quantitative and qualitative differences in protein composition of the mutant cell envelopes, as compared with the parent strain. PMID- 6221968 TI - A cluster of leftward, rho-dependent t'J terminators in the J gene of coliphage lambda. AB - While searching for the N-unresponsive terminator described by Honigman (Gene 13 (1981) 299-309), a 1680-bp DNA fragment from within gene J of bacteriophage lambda was cloned into plasmid pD12 between promoter p'R and the galK gene. In vitro transcription of this plasmid and S1 mapping assays, together with nucleotide sequencing, demonstrated that this DNA fragment contains a cluster of at least four in rho+ Escherichia coli hosts and only 30% in rho- hosts at at 30 degrees C. At the elevated temperature of 42 degrees C, the rho-dependent termination component of the t'J cluster becomes somewhat leaky, with the readthrough increasing by about twofold. The t'J terminators appear to be less responsive to nutR- and N-mediated antitermination (efficiency of 84-87%) than tL3, which responds to the same antitermination function with an efficiency of 97%. The relationship between the t'J cluster and the same antitermination function with an efficiency of 97%. The relationship between the t'J cluster and the highly N-unresponsive leftward termination signal tJ, which is also located within the J gene region (Gottesman et al., J. Mol. Biol. 140 (1980) 57-75; Honigman, Gene 13 (1981) 299-309), is unknown. PMID- 6221969 TI - Direct transfer of coliphage lambda DNA from Escherichia coli to cellular slime mold Dictyostelium discoideum. AB - Dictyostelium discoideum myxamoebae were cultured with Escherichia coli cells infected with lambda phage in the presence of chloramphenicol. After eliminating the uningested bacteria by repeated centrifugation in a Percoll gradient, we examined the myxamoeba cytoplasm (not the food vacuole) for the presence of phage DNA. A significant amount of DNA extracted from the myxamoebae was hybridizable with purified phage lambda DNA, and capable of forming phage particles when packaged in vitro with phage lambda proteins. The EcoRI restriction maps of the phages recovered from the plaques were identical to that of the infecting phage. These results strongly suggest that phage DNA molecules were taken up by the cellular slime mold cells and that at least some fraction existed in intact form. PMID- 6221970 TI - [Means for the primary prevention of oncological diseases (25 years' work experience of the Department of General Hygiene of the Gorki Medical Institute)]. PMID- 6221971 TI - [Interrelations of the indices characterizing the health status of schoolchildren]. PMID- 6221972 TI - [Hygienic evaluation of the quality of water from surface reservoirs]. PMID- 6221974 TI - [Similarities and differences between naturally acquired and artificially induced immunity against certain helminths]. PMID- 6221973 TI - [Open laparoscopy. Analysis of 60 cases]. PMID- 6221975 TI - [Complications of abdominal obstetric and gynecological operations with suprapubic incision by the Pfanenstiel method]. PMID- 6221976 TI - T lymphocyte subsets in inflammatory bowel disease: peripheral blood. AB - Peripheral blood T lymphocytes and T lymphocyte subsets have been quantified in 28 patients with ulcerative colitis and 26 with Crohn's disease by an indirect immunofluorescence technique using monoclonal antibodies: OKT3, which detects all peripheral blood T lymphocytes; OKT4 (T cells of helper phenotype); and OKT8 (T cells of supressor-cytotoxic phenotype). Eighteen normal subjects and 16 patients with a variety of non-inflammatory gastrointestinal disorders were studied as controls. No significant differences were found between patient and control groups in the proportions of circulating T lymphocytes or their subsets. When compared with normal subjects, absolute numbers of T lymphocytes were reduced in patients with active ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease (p less than 0.05). OKT4+ T cell numbers were reduced in ulcerative colitis, whether active (p less than 0.02) or inactive (p less than 0.05) and in active Crohn's disease (p less than 0.05) Numbers of OKT8+ T cells were reduced in active Crohn's disease (p less than 0.01). There were no differences in T lymphocyte numbers between the patient groups and the disease control subjects. The OKT4+:OKT8+ ratio in patients with inflammatory bowel disease did not differ from that in controls. No relation was found between any of the parameters studied and disease activity, site, or extent of disease, or treatment with sulphasalazine or corticosteroids. The presence of Ia-like, HLA-DR antigens on T cells was detected using a double marker immunofluorescence technique. In control subjects up to 7% of OKT3+ cells were HLA-DR+. In only three patients was the proportion of HLA-DR+ cells greater than in controls. These results indicate that the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease does not depend upon an alteration in the proportion of circulating T lymphocytes nor upon an imbalance of T lymphocyte subsets as defined by monoclonal antibodies. The reduction in T lymphocyte numbers may result from mucosal infiltration. The findings also suggest that circulating T lymphocytes are not activated. PMID- 6221977 TI - [Laparoscopy during puberty and adolescence]. PMID- 6221978 TI - [Diagnosis and therapy of precocious puberty in girls]. PMID- 6221979 TI - [Closure of a traumatic defect of the lower abdominal wall using the Serson method of abdominoplasty]. PMID- 6221980 TI - [Roentgenmorphologic findings in scleroderma]. AB - In 28 patients with progressive systemic sclerosis clinical symptoms are correlated with roentgen findings. The systemic disease of connective tissue shows typical roentgenological signs, such as soft tissue calcifications, generalized or localized osteoporosis, arthritis, dysfunction of oesophagus, small and large bowel, pulmonary fibrosis and cardiomegaly. A limited prognostic statement according to a clinical and radiological classification seems possible. PMID- 6221981 TI - [Carcinoma of liver--hepatectomy and cholecystectomy]. PMID- 6221982 TI - Low back pain. PMID- 6221983 TI - [Carcinoma of ampulla of Vater-Whipple operation]. PMID- 6221984 TI - "Family health advocate project" in Hong Kong--its assessment, planning, implementation and evaluation. PMID- 6221985 TI - Cardiac rehabilitation: a new hope for the heart patient. PMID- 6221986 TI - [The nature of the pituitary gland]. PMID- 6221987 TI - [Battered child syndrome]. PMID- 6221988 TI - Sarcoidosis: diagnosis and management. AB - Predominantly a disease of young adults, sarcoidosis may present in a variety of guises, masquerading as acute rheumatoid arthritis, lymphadenopathy, cor pulmonale, erythema nodosum, Crohn's disease, etc. Although the characteristic granulomatous lesions of sarcoidosis can affect almost any organ system, they will appear on chest films in at least 90% of patients. PMID- 6221989 TI - Contractile proteins of the heart. AB - Research findings to date indicate that there may not be a discrete change in contractile proteins in the common forms of heart failure. While the search for a defective myosin molecule in this context no longer seems promising, it remains plausible to propose "up-regulation" to a myosin variant with high ATPase activity as a means of increasing contractility in the failing heart. PMID- 6221990 TI - A linkage study of acrokeratoelastoidosis. Possible mapping to chromosome 2. AB - As evidenced by a large pedigree with 21 affected members, acrokeratoelastoidosis (AKE) is an autosomal dominant skin disease (10185; McKusick 1978). Linkage with genetic markers already assigned to human chromosomes could help to map the gene for this disease. Therefore 22 markers were investigated in 61 members of the AKE family. Loose linkage is possible between AKE and ACP1, IGKC, and Jk, but the estimated recombination fractions do not reach significant deviations from 0.5. However, since the three marker loci have been previously assigned to chromosome 2, the AKE locus might be assigned tentatively to the same chromosome. Of the provisionally and inconsistently assigned markers, only blood group P is seen to be in linkage with HLA. PMID- 6221992 TI - Differentiation markers and accessory function of murine macrophages derived from cultured bone-marrow stem cells. AB - Murine bone-marrow cells cultured in the presence of colony-stimulating factor from mouse-lung-conditioned medium give rise to macrophages which function as accessory cells in antigen-specific T helper cell induction. Virtually all Ia+ bone-marrow stem cell-derived macrophages express determinants encoded in the I-A subregion. A second set of macrophages bears I-A as well as I-E/C-endoced determinants. The products of the I-A and I-E/C subregion, but not those of the I J subregion, are involved in T helper cell induction. PMID- 6221991 TI - Lethal GVHD across minor histocompatibility barriers: nature of the effector cells and role of the H-2 complex. AB - Transfer of T-cells to heavily irradiated, H-2-compatible mice frequently leads to a high incidence of lethal graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). Lymphoid cells depleted of Thy1+ cells fail to cause GVHD. Studies with a variety of different, H-2-compatible, strain-combinations suggest that minor, histocompatibility antigens (minor HA) are the main targets for eliciting lethal GVHD. Experiments in which T-cells are negatively selected to minor HA by acute blood-to-lymph recirculation through irradiated hosts have indicated that the T-cells eliciting GVHD to minor HA, are H-2-restricted. In H-2-compatible hosts, the donor T-cells recognize the minor HA of the host and become temporarily trapped in the lymphoid tissues for 1-2 days; during this stage of negative selection, the donor T-cells entering the lymph are specifically devoid of cells able to elicit GVHD against the host, minor HA on further transfer. When the selection host is H-2-different with respect to the donor T-cells, by contrast, the T-cells ignore the host, minor HA and negative selection fails to occur. The T-cells recirculate normally and are unimpaired in their capacity to elicit GVHD on further transfer. By the use of various H-2-recombinant mice as selection hosts it has been shown that, as for T-cells exerting cell-mediated lympholysis (CML) to minor HA in vitro, the T cells which elicit lethal GVHD to minor HA comprise two distinct subsets of H-2 restricted cells. One subset recognizes minor HA in the context of H-2K (or K end) molecules whereas the other is specific for minor HA-plus-H-2D. Curiously, in marked contrast to the findings on CML responses in vitro, no evidence has been found that H-2I-restricted T-cells contribute to GVHD, either as effector cells or as helper cells. Purified populations of Lyt 1-2+ T-cells have potent GVHD activity, whereas Lyt 1+2- cells fail to cause GVHD. Studies with various types of bone-marrow chimeras suggest that in the induction phase, T-cells recognize minor HA only on lymphohematopoietic cells. In the effector phase, by contrast, non-marrow-derived cells appear to be the main targets of attack. Although the pathogenesis of GVHD is poorly understood, the lethal form of the disease probably reflects the penetration of mucosal surfaces by pathogenic organisms, perhaps as the result of direct destruction of epithelial cells by minor HA-specific cytotoxic lymphocytes. Direct support for this notion has yet to be obtained. PMID- 6221993 TI - Limiting dilution analysis of alloreactive T helper cells: precursor frequencies similar to that of alloreactive cytotoxic T cells. AB - Precursor frequencies for alloreactive T helper cells involved in the generation of primary cytotoxic responses from thymocytes were determined in splenic T cells and selected Lyt-1 lymphocytes by limiting dilution analysis. T helper precursors at frequencies ranging from 1/5000 to 1/13,500 were found in individual experiments in unsensitized selected Lyt-1 populations reacting to H-2 alloantigens. After preactivation of Lyt-1 lymphocytes with antigen in limiting dilution, the frequencies of T helper cells were increased 2-3 fold when cultured in the absence and 10-50-fold when cultured in the presence of T cell growth factor. The frequencies for T helper precursors found in Lyt-1 cells were comparable to those of unselected T cells, indicating that a significant portion of T helper cells resides in the Lyt-123 population. Activation of T helper precursors with H-2 antigens or with H-2 and non-MHC (plus MLs) antigens resulted in similar frequencies, suggesting that the same T cell can respond to H-2 and non-MHC determinants. The data suggest that alloreactive T helper precursors exist at frequencies similar to that of CTL precursors. In addition, the results indicate that the induction of CTL by T helper cells is subject to regulation presumably by suppressive cells and that Lyt-1 inducer cells may be involved in the development of suppression for CTL responses. PMID- 6221994 TI - Immunoregulation of the mixed lymphocyte reaction by macrophage-derived factors: functional and biochemical separation of enhancing and inhibitory factors. AB - Positive and negative immunoregulation of the mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) occurred through release of macrophage(MO)-derived, soluble enhancing and inhibitory factors. Macrophages, sonicated or cultured in low concentrations, produced nondialyzable, soluble factor(s) capable of enhancing the MLR; but the culture supernatant had no biologically detectable levels of Interleukin 1, Interleukin 2, or interferon. Production of enhancing supernatants was not affected by pretreatment of MO with trypsin or anti-Thy 1 antibody plus complement. In contrast, MO cultured in high concentrations yielded an inhibitory supernatant factor(s) which suppressed MLR reactivity even when MO were cultured in the presence of indomethacin. Culturing MO with proteolytic enzyme inhibitors increased the yields of the inhibitory and enhancing factors. Both factors were precipitable with ammonium sulfate and could be separated into several biologically active fractions using anion exchange chromatography. PMID- 6221995 TI - Lymphocyte subsets in Chediak-Higashi patients. AB - Peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets were studied in 6 Chediak-Higashi patients and 12 family members. The lymphocyte subsets were characterized by monoclonal antibody reagents and fluorescence flow-cytometry. An increase in OKT8 (suppressor/cytotoxic) and a decrease in OKT4 (helper) cell populations was observed in all patients studied. No correlation was seen between the clinical status (presence or absence of the lymphoproliferative phase) and the percentage of the lymphocyte subsets. The patient's mothers also had an increased percentage of OKT8-positive cells. The significance of these findings is discussed regarding the patients clinical course. PMID- 6221996 TI - Precultured and fresh human T-cells suppress the mitogen response of autologous lymphocytes. AB - Human T-lymphocytes, after culture at 37 degrees C for 48 h, suppressed the Con A induced blastogenesis of fresh autologous lymphocytes. Both Fc gamma receptor positive and -negative T-cell subsets were active as suppressors. Non-T-cells failed to show such a phenomenon. Similarly, freshly isolated T-cells, and Fc gamma receptor-positive T-lymphocytes also suppressed the blastogenic response. Thus, preculture is not required to obtain "suppressor cells". The suppression of mitogen responses therefore seems to be an inherent property of T-cells. PMID- 6221997 TI - Mechanism of immunosuppression in leprosy: presence of suppressor factor(s) from macrophages of lepromatous patients. AB - Human peripheral blood mononuclear cell proliferation induced by Mycobacterium leprae could be inhibited by the suppressor factor in the lysate of the macrophages of lepromatous leprosy patients. Macrophages from normal subjects and tuberculoid patients did not show production of a suppressor factor. Inhibition occurred only when the factor was present in the initial stages of lymphocyte culture. The factor is heat stable and nondialyzable. Proliferation induced by some mycobacteria and concanavalin A could also be blocked by the factor. Interestingly, blastogenic response by a few other antigens and phytohemagglutinin could not be inhibited by the suppressor factor. Mononuclear cells pretreated with such lysate from lepromatous macrophages for 24 h could induce suppressive activity in the cells in vitro in an autologous system. Treatment of these cells with carbonyl iron after the induction phase, to remove phagocytic cells, did not abolish their suppressive activity. The lepromatous macrophage lysate also generated suppressive activity in a T-lymphocyte-enriched population of normal subjects. These studies are interpreted to indicate that immunosuppression in lepromatous patients is produced by both macrophages and T lymphocytes. The exact phase in which either of these cells acts as a suppressor may be different. Specific suppression by macrophages to M. leprae can be an early event, and nonspecific suppression by T lymphocytes may be a later event in the course of lepromatous leprosy. PMID- 6221998 TI - Hydroxamate siderophore production by opportunistic and systemic fungal pathogens. AB - It has been suggested that siderophores may function as virulence factors. There have been few studies on production of siderophores by opportunistic and pathogenic fungi. We examined siderophore production by Absidia corymbifera, Aspergillus niger, Rhizopus arrhizus, Rhizopus oryzae, Blastomyces dermatitidis, Histoplasma capsulatum, Sporothrix schenickii, Candida albicans, and Trichophyton mentagrophytes. Fungi were cultured at 37 and 27 degrees C in a chemically defined low-iron media (0.2 microM Fe). Culture supernatants were assayed for siderophores by two nonspecific methods [FeCl3 and Fe(ClO4)3] and three chemically specific assays (catechol, 2,3-dihydroxybenzoate, and hydroxamate). All fungi secreted siderophores. Only siderophores of the hydroxamate type were found. More siderophore was produced at 27 degrees C than at 37 degrees C. The present study adds eight fungi to the list of known siderophore producers and confirms siderophore production by H. capsulatum. PMID- 6222000 TI - Antimoniosis: a particular form of pneumoconiosis. I. Etiology, clinical and X ray findings. AB - The occupational exposure, clinical findings, lung function and radiological characteristics of 51 workers in an antimony smelting plant are presented. The workers were exposed to the airbone dust containing a high concentration of antimony trioxide (up to 88%) and antimony pentoxide. A particular X-ray picture was characterized by numerous small opacities densely distributed in the middle and lower lung fields, opacities of p, pinhead type. Sporadically pq type was seen, but never r type nor massive fibrosis (pmf). The pneumoconiotic changes developed after at least one decade of work. Nothing particular in clinical findings and lung function could be distinguished from other types of simple pneumoconioses. This pneumoconiosis is called--antimoniosis. No systemic manifestation of antimony oxide intoxication was found, with the exception of skin changes, "antimony dermatosis". PMID- 6221999 TI - Inhibition of neutrophil function by fluid phase C3b of complement. AB - A high-molecular-weight fragment of C3 was isolated from normal human serum by column chromatography, was generated by incubation of serum at 37 degrees C with inulin, and was produced from highly purified C3 by limited digestion with trypsin. This product was shown to inhibit the antibacterial function of neutrophils by using Escherichia coli O75 as the main test organism. The inhibitor reacted with anti-C3b and anti-C3c, but not with anti-C3B (anti-native C3) or anti-C3a. The manner of preparation of the inhibitor, the sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis pattern, and the amino acid composition of the inhibitor indicated that it was fluid phase C3b. The inhibitor of neutrophil function (fluid phase C3b) was shown to bind to C3b receptors or acceptors on sheep erythrocytes in a model system. PMID- 6222001 TI - LDH isoenzyme distribution in human eosinophils. AB - The lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) isoenzyme pattern has been determined in human eosinophils isolated from the peripheral blood of healthy donors and patients with parasitic diseases. Almost equal LDH1 and LDH5 values appear to be a characteristic of the eosinophils obtained from healthy subjects. Eosinophilic granulocytes which have been isolated from the peripheral blood of patients with eosinophilia due to parasitic infestations have reduced values of LDH5 accompanied by higher LDH1 as compared with eosinophils from healthy donors. Centrifugation of cells through multiple discontinuous gradients of polyvinylpyrrolidone-coated silica particles made it possible to isolate distinct eosinophil subpopulations of differing densities which showed differences in cell surface markers, K-cell activity and also LDH patterns. Analysis of the lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme patterns showed that EAG+ and EAC+ eosinophilic leukocytes are characterized by very low values of LDH5. PMID- 6222002 TI - Phagocytosis inhibits the production of C2 by human monocytes. AB - Production of the second complement component by cultured human monocytes was suppressed by the addition of a variety of phagocytosable particles. The degree of suppression was related to the concentration of particles, but was unrelated to particle size, the presence of surface sialic acid, antibody or C3b. The failure to reverse suppression by prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors indicates that it is not mediated by prostaglandins. PMID- 6222003 TI - Conduction velocity: an aid in estimating the pathological state of the heart. PMID- 6222004 TI - Papillon-Lefevre syndrome. AB - A patient, with Papillon-Lefevre syndrome, presented with a premature loss of both deciduous and permanent teeth and hyperkeratosis palmaris et plantaris. Other abnormalities such as psoriasiform hyperkeratosis, calcification of the falx, and frequent infections can be seen. Although no etiologic factor is known for this aberration, an autosomal recessive inheritance is established. Treatment usually consists of dental hygiene only since dermatologic therapy is usually unrewarding. A new finding resulted when fibroblasts from involved gingiva were compared with either uninvolved gingiva or controlled gingiva. The protein and collagen synthesis of the involved tissue was about twice that of the latter two groups. PMID- 6222005 TI - Inactivation of biologically active DNA by isopropanol and formate radicals. AB - If OH and H radicals, produced by absorption of ionizing radiation in aqueous solutions, are scavenged with isopropanol or sodium formate, secondary radicals are formed which can inactivate phi X174 DNA. From experiments at various DNA concentrations and dose rates we were able to determine the rate constant and the inactivation efficiency of the reaction of these organic radicals with single stranded DNA. PMID- 6222006 TI - Back stress; the effects of training nurses to lift patients in a clinical situation. PMID- 6222007 TI - Effect of nicotinamide administration to rats on the liver microsomal drug metabolizing enzymes. AB - A single injection or 3 successive injections of nicotinamide (500 mg/kg body wt) increased NADPH-cytochrome c reductase and aniline hydroxylase activities of rat liver microsomes without changing cytochrome P-450 content. Oral administration of nicotinamide for 2 weeks resulted in significant increase in cytochrome P-450, indicating that nicotinamide was an inducer of cytochrome P-450 though its potency was weak. A kinetic study indicated that microsomes isolated from control rats contained only high affinity (low Km) form of aniline hydroxylase while microsomes isolated from nicotinamide-treated rats contained more high affinity form and a newly appeared-low affinity (high Km) form. These results suggest that there exist at least 2 different cytochrome P-450s participating in aniline hydroxylation in rat liver microsomes and nicotinamide induces the high Km form. Ethanol or nicotinamide consumption for 2 weeks resulted in enhancement of high affinity form and appearance of low affinity form but with slightly different Km values. PMID- 6222008 TI - Abdominoplasty with celiotomy: evaluation and technique. AB - Abdominoplasty is simple, safe and easy. It can be performed in association with the usual intra-abdominal gynecologic surgery. The additional operative time is 30 to 90 minutes and the hospital stay is not extended. In selected cases, it can even be done on an out-patient basis. Results are uniformly good and in some cases even out standing, with patient's gratitude commonplace. An analysis of 129 patients with 139 abdominoplasties is presented. For the best esthetic results, the umbilicus must be relocated and a low, transverse incisional line must be used. We attribute our uniformly good results, lack of complications, and decrease of morbidity (3%) to employing incisions along the "Langers" line of skin cleavages, closing the skin without tension, applying subcuticular sutures, securing meticulous hemostasis, ensuring adequate drainage and deploying antibiotics liberally. PMID- 6222009 TI - In vitro fertilization and embryo transfer--legal and religious aspects in Israel, patient selection, and a modified technique for oocyte collection. AB - In vitro fertilization (IVF) and embryo transfer (ET) have recently become an accepted treatment modality for patients with mechanically caused infertility. The first series admitted to our program comprised 42 patients with confirmed mechanical infertility. The method of patient selection and the techniques of laparoscopy, follicular aspiration and oocyte recovery are described. From 26 laparoscopies, a total of 39 oocytes was recovered. Normal cleavage of 10 oocytes was obtained; they were transferred into the uterus at the 4- to 16-cell stage. One pregnancy was obtained. An IVF and ET program involves certain ethical, legal and religious questions, which have special implications in Israel: foster mothers and the use of donor sperm are forbidden. Only married couples may enter the program. Indications, methods, success rates and method failure are discussed. PMID- 6222011 TI - Nonsurgical myocardial revascularization: initial experience with percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. AB - Coronary artery atheromata obstruct coronary blood flow and produce myocardial ischemia. Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) was performed to dilate narrowed coronary arteries on 16 occasions in 15 patients with severe proximal coronary artery narrowings and significant clinical angina pectoris. The lesions involved the left-anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery in nine patients (10 dilatation procedures), the right coronary artery (RCA) in five, and the circumflex coronary artery in one. Successful dilatation was achieved on nine occasions (56%): in 7 of the 10 LAD lesions (70%), in 2 of the 5 RCA lesions (40%), but not in the patient with circumflex disease. Successful dilatation was accompanied by a significant improvement in symptoms and in myocardial performance, as judged by atrial pacing MUGA (multigated) ventriculography. The ischemic response of the ventricle to stress the significantly reduced or abolished. PTCA is a useful, nonoperative method for dilating obstructed coronary arteries and for improving myocardial blood flow. PMID- 6222010 TI - Control of blood glucose levels and development of diabetic microangiopathy: effect of glibornuride. AB - Genetically selected, sucrose-fed Cohen diabetic rats, aged 2 1/2 mo, were treated intragastrically with glibornuride, twice daily for 7 1/2 mo. The dose of 6 to 12.5 mg was adjusted according to the blood glucose level. Diabetic siblings with a similar metabolic derangement were used as a control group. Glibornuride treatment resulted in a significant reduction in blood glucose and an elevation in plasma insulin. A decreased incidence of diffuse glomerulosclerosis was noted in the treated group, in comparison with the control group (34.0 vs. 61.8%, P less than 0.02). The incidence of retinal lesions was also lower in the glibornuride-treated group (16.7 vs. 48.0%, P less than 0.02). Animals with diffuse glomerulosclerosis had significantly higher blood glucose and cholesterol levels and lower plasma insulin than did animals with normal kidneys. PMID- 6222012 TI - Effect of prostaglandins on Fc-IgG receptors of human circulating T and B lymphocytes. AB - A short preincubation of human T and B lymphocyte subpopulations with physiologic or pharmacologic concentrations of PGs E2 and F1 alpha, but not with E1 and F2 alpha, markedly depresses the cell ability to bind immune complexes, through FcR IgG. This effect appears to be relatively temperature-independent. These observations indicate that PG treatment of human lymphocytes may be useful to distinguish the subclasses of FcR-IgG-bearing T and B cells, which are sensible to the modulating effect of PGs. PMID- 6222013 TI - The effect of CCA (Lobenzarit disodium) on the suppressor T cell function and the production of autoantibodies in New Zealand black and New Zealand white F1 mice. AB - A newly synthesized agent, disodium 4-chloro-2,2'-iminodibenzoate (CCA; Lobenzarit disodium), which prevents the development of autoimmune disease in B/W mice, and inhibits adjuvant arthritis in rats, was investigated to clarify its mode of action in B/W mice. CCA protected against the age-related decline of the suppressor T cell activity which played an important role in the regulation of both humoral and cell-mediated immunity. CCA also decreased the production of naturally occurring thymocytotoxic autoantibody (NTA) preferentially cytotoxic against the thymocytes and suppressor T cells, and inhibited both the antibody production to double-stranded DNA and the appearance of ANA in B/W mice. PMID- 6222014 TI - Committee review for handicapped newborn care. PMID- 6222015 TI - [Cell-mediated immunity in atopic dermatitis]. PMID- 6222017 TI - Handicapped teenagers in the High Wycombe area. PMID- 6222016 TI - [Contact allergy caused by triethanolamine]. AB - Triethanolamine and its compounds are used as emulsifiers, stabilizers, and saponifying agents in chemical industry. A total of 1,357 patients suspected of having allergic eczematous contact dermatitis were patch-tested with triethanolamine. Positive tests were obtained in 41 of these 1,357 patients. Twenty-nine of them had suffered from venous insufficiency or sports injuries. They had used antiphlogistic local medicaments for some time and were most probably sensitized against triethanolamine by these topical drugs. PMID- 6222018 TI - The Vibratome-Ralph knife combination: a useful tool for immunohistochemistry. AB - A modified immunohistochemical technique is described for the improved detection of antigens. The method involves the use of the Vibratome combined with Ralph knives, which are easily manufactured with an LKB 2078 Histoknifemaker. The sectioning procedure was used with the peroxidase-antiperoxidase method of Sternberger and his collaborators for demonstrating growth hormone release inhibiting hormone (somatostatin) and noradrenaline N-methyltransferase in neurones in the central nervous system of the rat. The morphological preservation of the tissue was good and cytological details were easily seen, especially in the thin sections (5-10 microns thick). PMID- 6222019 TI - Abnormal immunoregulation in patients with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus and their healthy first degree relatives. AB - Autoantibodies, cell-mediated autoimmunity, and impaired suppressor T cell function, suggesting abnormal immunoregulation, have been implicated in the pathogenesis of juvenile-onset insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). To examine one of the parameters of immunoregulation, and to explore its relationship to the disease, we tested suppressor cell function in IDDM patients, their clinically healthy relatives, and in normal unrelated controls. 9/15 IDDM had impaired suppressor cell function compared to 1/8 age-matched healthy sibs (p less than 0.04) and to 0/9 unrelated controls (p less than 0.005). There was no correlation between abnormal suppressor cell function and the patient's age, sex, preprandial blood glucose levels, age at the time of diagnosis, or duration of the disease. However, there was a trend for a higher proportion of HLA Dr3 positive diabetics to have abnormal suppressor cell function compared to DR3 negative patients. Impaired suppressor cell function was also found in 5/23 clinically healthy first degree relatives; 4/5 were related to a diabetic who demonstrated abnormal suppressor cell function. These findings raise the possibility that underlying familial, probably genetically determined abnormalities in immunoregulation, acting in concert with other environmental or genetic factors, may contribute to disease susceptibility in IDDM. PMID- 6222020 TI - Inhibition of delayed hypersensitivity by metronidazole and misonidazole. AB - The effect on cell-mediated immunity of two hypoxic cell radiosensitizers, metronidazole and misonidazole, was examined. Immunocompetence was assayed by measuring delayed hypersensitivity reactions in mice sensitized on the abdomen with 2,4-dinitro-1-fluorobenzene (DNFB) and subsequently challenged on the ears with DNFB. Single and fractionated treatments with misonidazole or metronidazole were found to suppress delayed hypersensitivity reactions to DNFB. This finding is in agreement with other data in the literature which show that many imidazoles, including nitroimidazoles, inhibit aspects of the cell-mediated immune response in animals and man. The potential immunosuppressive effects of nitroheterocyclic radiosensitizers should be considered when these agents are evaluated in the laboratory or used in the clinic. PMID- 6222021 TI - Liquid ventilation in dogs: an apparatus for normobaric and hyperbaric studies. AB - A liquid-breathing apparatus is described for remote surface studies and for use in experiments of near-hydraulic compression in dogs. It consists of a flexible tank sealed against chamber gas, containing a supply of clean warmed (38 degrees C) fluorocarbon (FC-80) equilibrated with 1 bar O2 and an electronically controlled means of delivering the liquid to the dog. Each breath (tidal volume 290 ml) was "weighed" into the animal by the signal from a force platform supporting the dog and a digital control unit that automatically actuated inspired-and expired-line solenoid valves. The apparatus was successfully used to remotely maintain liquid ventilation in awake dogs for 2 h during surface studies (5 dogs) and in dives to 1,000 m seawater (5 dogs). During liquid breathing, mean arterial O2 partial pressure was always adequate (congruent to 300 Torr) and mean arterial CO2 partial pressure was normal (less than or equal to 40 Torr). An uncompensated metabolic acidosis was indicated by low pH values and a decrease in arterial base excess to--4.5 meq x 1(-1). O2 uptake and CO2 output appeared to be significantly lower (42 and 35%, respectively) during liquid ventilation. PMID- 6222022 TI - Expiratory motor responses in the suckling opossum. AB - To evaluate developmental aspects of expiratory muscle utilization, ventilation and electromyographic (EMG) activity from abdominal muscles were measured in unanesthetized suckling opossums. From about 20-35 days of age, breathing against a continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) or inhalation of hypercapnic and asphyxiant test gases (ventilatory chemostimulation) increased or initiated a sustained expiratory-phased abdominal EMG discharge. Using younger animals, such responses could not be demonstrated during test manipulations, or pattern of activation was not typical of that observed in the older group. In another series of experiments, vagal mechanisms underlying expiratory abdominal muscle responses were evaluated by using lightly anesthetized animals. Unilateral vagotomy reduced abdominal EMG levels during ventilatory chemostimulation while minimally affecting breathing pattern; in addition, abdominal muscle activity during CPAP was of slower onset than before vagotomy. Slow onset of abdominal muscle activity was also seen in relatively young intact unanesthetized animals during responses to CPAP. Thus vagal afferents mediate expiratory motor responses during chemostimulation of breathing and may account, in part, for maturation of expiratory responses to CPAP. PMID- 6222023 TI - The comparative activity of norfloxacin with other antimicrobial agents against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. AB - Norfloxacin (MK0366) displayed appreciable activity against the great majority of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. The minimum inhibitory concentration for 90% of isolates (MIC90) of the Enterobacteriaceae was 0.5 mg/l or less while for Campylobacter, Neisseria, Haemophilus MIC90s were 0.25 mg/l or less. Norfloxacin was also among the most active drugs tested against methicillin susceptible and resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Staph. epidermidis, enterococci and Pseudomonas aeruginosa with MIC90s between 0.5 and 4 mg/l. PMID- 6222024 TI - In-vitro synergism between mezlocillin and isoxazolyl penicillins against beta lactamase-producing Gram-negative organisms. AB - Forty beta-lactamase producing Gram-negative organisms were tested with mezlocillin plus an isoxazolyl penicillin for synergy. With standard chequerboard techniques, the combination showed enhanced activity, when compared to either drug alone, against 30 strains. Eighteen of these 30 strains showed synergism at concentrations of mezlocillin and isoxazolyl penicillins which were attainable in the serum (7 strains of Morganella morganii, 8 strains of Eschericia coli and 3 strains of Serratia marcescens). PMID- 6222025 TI - Caustic injuries of the esophagus. PMID- 6222026 TI - Goldmann perimetry versus tangent screen: the difference in 104 V.A. Hospital glaucoma patients/suspects. PMID- 6222027 TI - "Hip pain". PMID- 6222028 TI - Evaluation of urea-acid system as medium of extraction for the B-group vitamins. Part II. Simplified semi-automated chemical analysis for niacin and niacinamide in cereal products. AB - Efficiency of a urea-acid system was evaluated as a medium of extraction for niacin and niacinamide from cereals and other selected food products. Samples were treated with 1N HCl in the presence of urea and autoclaved 30 min at 15 psi. Extracts were diluted to a known volume, filtered, and analyzed. The analytical results obtained for niacin were compared with values obtained by AOAC method 43.044. In general, the urea-acid extraction system was simple and straightforward with an efficiency comparable to the AOAC method. The analytical manifold designed uses fewer modules, gives net absorbance readings from sample and blank, and is capable of analyzing 50 samples per hour. PMID- 6222029 TI - P300 and stimulus evaluation process in autistic subjects. AB - Cognitive functioning in autistic subjects was investigated by employing ERP recordings. The sample included four autistic patients, with five normal subjects and four Down's syndrome patients serving as the two control groups. The P300 component was investigated under three different experimental conditions, that is; "No-task," "Counting," and "Keypress." Two out of four autistic subjects were able to perform the required task under the Counting condition. However, none of them were able to complete the task for the Key-press condition. Autistic subjects demonstrated a lower amplitude of the P300 component under the No-task condition as compared to the other two groups. It was speculated that the autistic, as opposed to the other two groups, had some cognitive difficulties in the "active stimulus evaluating process." PMID- 6222030 TI - [Chemonucleolysis]. PMID- 6222031 TI - Control of the ornithine cycle in Neurospora crassa by the mitochondrial membrane. AB - In Neurospora crassa, the mitochondrial membrane separates ornithine used in arginine biosynthesis from ornithine used in the arginine degradative pathway in the cytosol. Ornithine easily exchanges across the mitochondrial membrane under conditions appropriate for synthesis of the immediate biosynthetic product, citrulline. Neither of the two mitochondrial enzymes required for the ornithine to-citrulline conversion is feedback inhibitable in vitro. Nevertheless, when arginine is added to cells and cytosolic ornithine increases as arginine degradation begins, the rate of citrulline synthesis drops immediately to about 20% of normal (B. J. Bowman and R. H. Davis, Bacteriol. 130:285-291, 1977). We have studied this phenomenon in citrulline-accumulating strains carrying the arg 1 mutation. Citrulline accumulation is blocked when arginine is added to an arg-1 strain but not to an arg-1 strain carrying a mutation conferring insensitivity of intramitochondrial ornithine synthesis to arginine. Thus, ornithine is evidently unable to enter mitochondria in normal (feedback-sensitive) cells. Other experiments show that cytosolic ornithine enters mitochondria readily except when arginine or other basic amino acids are present at high levels in the cells. We conclude that in N. crassa, the mitochondrial membrane has evolved as a secondary site of feedback inhibition in arginine synthesis and that this prevents a wasteful cycling of catabolic ornithine back through the anabolic pathway. This is compared to the quite different mechanism by which the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae prevents a futile ornithine cycle. PMID- 6222032 TI - Genetics of Bacillus subtilis chemotaxis: isolation and mapping of mutations and cloning of chemotaxis genes. AB - We isolated a collection of chemotaxis mutants and characterized them for chemotactic phenotype and genotype. The mutations of most of these mutants mapped in the region between pyrD and thyA. However, the mutation in the gene specifying the chemotactic methyltransferase mapped very close to aroF. From a bank of phages containing Bacillus subtilis DNA we identified two lambda charon4 phages that contained genes specifying chemotactic functions. The inserted DNAs were removed by digestion with restriction endonuclease EcoRI and were found to share a 4.0-kilobase (kb) fragment. One of these DNAs also contained a 7.7-kb fragment, and the other also contained a 10.9-kb fragment. We identified mutants that were complemented by each fragment. The fragments were each ligated into plasmid pFH7 and were incorporated into lysogenic SP beta c2 or a deletion mutant of SP beta c2 in order to form transducing phages. The mutants in the collection containing mutations that mapped in the region between pyrD and thyA were tested for complementation by transducing phages containing the 4.0-kb fragment, the 7.7-kb fragment, the 4.0-kb fragment plus the 7.7-kb fragment, and the 10.9-kb fragment. A total of 24 mutants were complemented by the 4.0-kb fragment, 7 were complemented by the 7.7-kb fragment, 9 were complemented by the 4.0-kb fragment plus the 7.7-kb fragment, 15 were complemented by the 10.9-kb fragment, and 25 were complemented by none of the fragments. PMID- 6222033 TI - Genetic localization and characterization of a pKM101-coded endonuclease. AB - The genetic and biochemical properties of an endonuclease mediated by the mutagenesis-enhancing plasmid pKM101 have been investigated. Taking advantage of the observation that this endonuclease, unlike host-coded DNases, is active in the presence of EDTA, we have developed an assay with nondenaturing acrylamide gels containing DNA. We have localized the plasmid DNA sufficient for nuclease expression to a 0.8-kilobase sequence that is near regions of DNA necessary for conjugal transfer, and we have determined that this gene is transcribed clockwise on the pKM101 map. The pKM101 gene mediating this activity codes for a 16,000 dalton protein, which is the same molecular mass as the nuclease monomer, leading us to conclude that this gene codes for the nuclease itself rather than for an activator of some host-coded enzyme. Cellular fractionation experiments have shown that the enzyme is localized in the periplasm. We have not been able to demonstrate any physiological role for the enzyme, but we have ruled out a direct involvement of the nuclease in any of the following known plasmid-associated phenotypes: (i) mutagenesis enhancement, (ii) conjugal transfer, (iii) entry exclusion, (iv) fertility inhibition of coresident P-group plasmids, (v) killing of Klebsiella pneumoniae used as conjugal recipients, and (vi) plasmid curing induced by treatment of cells with fluorodeoxyuridine. In addition, we have shown that the enzyme does not restrict bacteriophage or affect the ability of the host to utilize DNA as a source of thymine. Finally, we have shown that 11 of the 26 other plasmids tested also elaborated EDTA-resistant DNases. PMID- 6222034 TI - 6-Aminonicotinamide-resistant mutants of Salmonella typhimurium. AB - Resistance to the nicotinamide analog 6-aminonicotinamide has been used to identify the following three new classes of mutants in pyridine nucleotide metabolism. (i) pncX mutants have Tn10 insertion mutations near the pncA locus which reduce but do not eliminate the pncA product, nicotinamide deamidase. (ii) nadB (6-aminonicotinamide-resistant) mutants have dominant alleles of the nadB gene, which we propose are altered in feedback inhibition of the nadB enzyme, L aspartate oxidase. Many of these mutants also exhibit a temperature-sensitive nicotinamide requirement phenotype. (iii) nadD mutants have mutations that affect a new gene involved in pyridine nucleotide metabolism. Since a high proportion of nadD mutations are temperature-sensitive lethal mutations, this appears to be an essential gene for NAD and NADP biosynthesis. In vivo labeling experiments indicate that in all the above cases, resistance is gained by increasing the ratio of NAD to 6-aminonicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. 6-Aminonicotinamide adenine dinucleotide turns over significantly more slowly in vivo than does normal NAD. PMID- 6222035 TI - Pool levels of UDP N-acetylglucosamine and UDP N-acetylglucosamine-enolpyruvate in Escherichia coli and correlation with peptidoglycan synthesis. AB - A high-pressure liquid chromatography procedure was developed for the isolation and quantitation of UDP-N-acetylglucosamine, UDP-N-acetylglucosamine enolpyruvate, and UDP-N-acetylmuramic acid, which are the early cytoplasmic precursors of bacterial peptidoglycan. In exponential-phase cells of Escherichia coli K-12, the intracellular concentration of UDP-N-acetylglucosamine was about 100 microM, whereas that of UDP-N-acetylglucosamine-enolpyruvate was only 2 microM. The phosphoenolpyruvate: UDP-N-acetylglucosamine transferase and UDP-N acetylglucosamine-enolpyruvate reductase activities were investigated in extracts from E. coli. These activities appeared to be present in amounts sufficient for the ongoing rate of peptidoglycan synthesis. Certain uridine nucleotide peptidoglycan precursors were found to inhibit phosphoenolpyruvate: UDP-N acetylglucosamine transferase activity. PMID- 6222036 TI - History of antidepressants: successes and failures. PMID- 6222037 TI - The new generation of antidepressants. PMID- 6222039 TI - Purification of keratan sulfate proteoglycan from monkey cornea. AB - An explant culture of 15 cynomolgus monkey corneas was incubated with [35S]sulfate and [2-3H]mannose as labeling precursors. A 4 M guanidine HCl extract of the corneal stromas was prepared and combined with a 4 M guanidine HCl extract of stromas from 300 unlabeled corneas. The keratan sulfate proteoglycans in the combined extracts were purified by a combination of DEAE-cellulose chromatography, chondroitinase ABC digestion to remove chondroitin-dermatan sulfate proteoglycans, and elution from immobilized concanavalin A. The purified keratan sulfate proteoglycan was digested with papain and the digest was eluted on DEAE-Sephacel. The unbound fraction contained 59% of the 3H activity and consisted of intact oligosaccharide-peptides. The bound fraction, consisting of keratan sulfate chains linked to peptides, eluted during a linear 0-0.75 M NaCl gradient as a peak centered at approximately 0.6 M NaCl and contained 41% of the 3H and all of the 35S activity in the original proteoglycan. The chains were digested with endo-beta-galactosidase, and the digest was eluted on DEAE-Sephacel with a linear 0-0.75 M NaCl gradient. Most of the sulfated digestion fragments from the chains eluted as several distinct peaks during the gradient. All the 3H activity eluted in the unbound volume along with a small proportion of 35S activity. This unbound fraction was eluted on Bio-Gel P-10 to give a 3H peak (Kav = 0.46) well resolved from the remaining 35S activity which eluted near the total volume. This 3H peak contained the oligosaccharide-peptides derived from the linkage region between the keratan sulfate chains and the core protein. Structural analyses of the linkage region oligosaccharides and the intact oligosaccharides (Nilsson, B., Nakazawa, K., Hassell, J.R., Newsome, D.A., and Hascall, V.C. (1983) J. Biol. Chem. 258, 6056-6063) in combination with the 3H labeling data suggest that the intact keratan sulfate proteoglycans contain an average of about one intact oligosaccharide per keratan sulfate linkage site. PMID- 6222038 TI - Supramolecular regulation of the actin-activated ATPase activity of filaments of Acanthamoeba Myosin II. AB - Acanthamoeba myosin II has three phosphorylation sites clustered near the end of the tail of each of its two heavy chains (six phosphorylation sites/molecule). Myosin II has little or no actin-activated ATPase activity when four to six of these sites are phosphorylated. Maximal actin-activated ATPase activity is obtained when all six sites are dephosphorylated. Under assay conditions, both phosphorylated and dephosphorylated myosin II form bipolar filaments. Filaments of dephosphorylated myosin II have larger sedimentation coefficients than filaments of phosphorylated myosin II but this difference does not explain the difference in their actin-activated ATPase activities. Heteropolymers, formed by mixing soluble dephosphorylated and phosphorylated myosins and then diluting the mixture into low ionic strength buffer containing MgCl2, have sedimentation coefficients close to those of the homopolymer of phosphorylated myosin. The actin-activated ATPase activities of heteropolymers are, under most conditions, lower than the equivalent mixtures of homopolymers of dephosphorylated and phosphorylated myosins. It is concluded, therefore, that the phosphorylation of myosin tails regulates the actin-activated ATPase activity of Acanthamoeba myosin II by affecting the myosin filament as a whole rather than specifically affecting the heads of the phosphorylated myosin molecules only. PMID- 6222040 TI - Structure of oligosaccharides and the linkage region between keratan sulfate and the core protein on proteoglycans from monkey cornea. AB - Structural analyses were performed on the intact glycopeptides and on the linkage region oligosaccharide-peptides derived from the keratan sulfate proteoglycan from monkey cornea (Nakazawa, K., Newsome, D.A., Nilsson, B., Hascall, V.C., and Hassell, J.R. (1983) J. Biol. Chem. 258, 6051-6055) using trifluoroacetolysis, Smith degradation, chromium trioxide oxidation, and gas-liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. The following structure was found for the linkage region (formula; see text) The following structures were found for the intact oligosaccharide peptides (formula; see text) and (formula; see text) The structure of the linkage region for keratan sulfate on corneal proteoglycans is clearly derived from a complex type of N-linked glycoprotein oligosaccharide precursor, indicating that only the oligosaccharides that have been processed to the complex type are used as primers for synthesizing keratan sulfate chains. The high mannose oligosaccharide in Formula 3 is an intermediate in the normal pathway for biosynthesis of complex type oligosaccharides. The structure in Formula 2, in which a single Man alpha 1-2 is retained on the Man alpha 1-3 branch while the Man alpha 1-6 branch is unsubstituted, can be an intermediate for an alternate, presumably minor pathway for complex oligosaccharide formation (Kornfeld, S., Gregory, W., and Chapman, A. (1979) J. Biol. Chem. 254, 11649 11654) in certain cases. This structure has not previously been shown to be present on normal glycoproteins. PMID- 6222041 TI - recA protein promoted DNA strand exchange. AB - recA protein and circular single-stranded DNA form a stable complex in the presence of single-stranded DNA binding protein (SSB), in which one recA protein monomer is bound per two nucleotides of DNA. These complexes are kinetically significant intermediates in the exchange of strands between the single-stranded DNA and an homologous linear duplex. After completion of strand exchange, the recA protein remains tightly associated with the circular duplex product of the reaction and the SSB is bound to the displaced linear single strand. Upon addition of ADP, the recA protein-duplex DNA complex dissociates. RecA protein also interacts with single-stranded DNA in the absence of SSB; however, the amount of recA protein bound is substantially reduced. These findings provide direct physical evidence for the participation of SSB in the formation of the recA protein-single-stranded DNA complexes inferred earlier from kinetic analysis. Moreover, they confirm the ability of recA protein to equilibrate between bound and free forms in the absence of SSB. PMID- 6222042 TI - Control of glycoprotein synthesis. AB - Hen oviduct membranes have been shown to catalyze the transfer of GlcNAc from UDP GlcNAc to GlcNAc-beta 1-2Man alpha 1-6(GlcNAc beta 1-2 Man alpha 1-3) Man beta 1 4GlcNAc beta 1-4GlcNAc-Asn-X (GnGn) to form the triantennary structure GlcNAc beta 1-2Man alpha 1-6[GlcNAc beta 1-2(GlcNAc beta 1-4)Man alpha 1-3]Man beta 1 4GlcNAc beta 1-4GlcNAc-Asn-X. The enzyme has been named UDP-GlcNAc:GnGn (GlcNAc to Man alpha 1-3) beta 4-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase IV (GlcNAc-transferase IV) to distinguish it from three other hen oviduct GlcNAc-transferases designated I, II, and III. Since GlcNAc-transferases III and IV both act on the same substrate, concanavalin A/Sepharose was used to separate the products of the two enzymes. At pH 7.0 and at a Triton X-100 concentration of 0.125% (v/v), GlcNAc transferase IV activity in hen oviduct membranes is 7 nmol/mg of protein/h. The product was characterized by high resolution proton NMR spectroscopy at 360 MHz and by methylation analysis. In addition to triantennary oligosaccharide, hen oviduct membranes produced about 20% of bisected triantennary material, GlcNAc beta 1-2Man alpha 1-6[GlcNAc beta 1-2(GlcNAc beta 1-4)Man alpha 1-3] [GlcNAc beta 1-4]Man beta 1-4GlcNAc beta 1-4GlcNAc-Asn-X. Maximal GlcNAc-transferase IV activity requires the presence of both terminal beta 1-2-linked GlcNAc residues in the substrate. Removal of the GlcNAc residue on the Man alpha 1-6 arm or of both GlcNAc residues reduces activity by at least 80%. A Gal beta 1-4GlcNAc disaccharide on the Man alpha 1-6 arm reduces activity by 68% while the presence of this disaccharide on the Man alpha 1-3 arm reduces activity to negligible levels. A similar substrate specificity was found for GlcNAc-transferase III, the enzyme which adds a bisecting GlcNAc in beta 1-4 linkage to the beta-linked Man residue. Since a bisecting GlcNAc was found to prevent GlcNAc-transferase IV action, the bisected triantennary material found in the incubation must have been formed by the sequential action of GlcNAc-transferase IV followed by GlcNAc transferase III. Activities similar to GlcNAc-transferase IV were also detected in rat liver Golgi-rich membranes (0.4 nmol/mg/h) and pig thyroid microsomes (0.1 nmol/mg/h). PMID- 6222043 TI - Dependence on Ca2+ and tropomyosin of the actin-activated ATPase activity of phosphorylated gizzard myosin in the presence of low concentrations of Mg2+. AB - Ca2+ and tropomyosin are required for activation of ATPase activity of phosphorylated gizzard myosin by gizzard actin at less than 1 mM Mg2+, relatively low Ca2+ concentrations (1 microM), producing half-maximal activation. At higher concentrations, Mg2+ will replace Ca2+, 4 mM Mg2+ increasing activity to the same extent as does Ca2+ and abolishing the Ca2+ dependence. Above about 1 mM Mg2+, tropomyosin is no longer required for activation by actin, activity being dependent on Ca2+ between 1 and 4 mM Mg2+, but independent of [Ca2+] above 4 mM Mg2+. Phosphorylation of the 20,000-Da light chain of gizzard myosin is required for activation of ATPase activity by actin from chicken gizzard or rabbit skeletal muscle at all concentrations of Mg2+ employed. The effect of adding or removing Ca2+ is fully reversible and cannot be attributed either to irreversible inactivation of actin or myosin or to dephosphorylation. After preincubating in the absence of Ca2+, activity is restored either by adding micromolar concentrations of this cation or by raising the concentration of Mg2+ to 8 mM. Similarly, the inhibition found in the absence of tropomyosin is fully reversed by subsequent addition of this protein. Replacing gizzard actin with skeletal actin alters the pattern of activation by Ca2+ at concentrations of Mg2+ less than 1 mM. Full activation is obtained with or without Ca2+ in the presence of tropomyosin, while in its absence Ca2+ is required but produces only partial activation. Without tropomyosin, the range of Mg2+ concentrations over which activity is Ca2+-dependent is restricted to lower values with skeletal than with gizzard actin. The activity of skeletal muscle myosin is activated by the gizzard actin-tropomyosin complex without Ca2+, although Ca2+ slightly increases activity. The Ca2+ sensitivity of reconstituted gizzard actomyosin is partially retained by hybrid actomyosin containing gizzard myosin and skeletal actin, but less Ca2+ dependence is retained in the hybrid containing skeletal myosin and gizzard actin. PMID- 6222044 TI - Isolation and structure determination of a novel spiro-gamma-lactam, spiro arogenate. AB - The eucaryotic microorganism, Neurospora crassa, is able under specified conditions (Zamir, L.O., Jung, E., and Jensen, R.A. (1982) J. Biol. Chem. 258, 6492-6496) to synthesize a cyclohexadienyl derivative of prephenic acid having the novel structure of a spiro-gamma-lactam. This L-gamma-(spiro-4-hydroxy-2,5 cyclohexadienyl)-pyroglutamate is herein given the trivial name, spiro-arogenate, to indicate its close relationship to the amino acid, L-arogenate. Spiro arogenate is quantitatively converted to phenylalanine at mildly acidic pH and can be converted to arogenate by boiling at basic pH. The structure of spiro arogenate was established through the application of spectroscopic techniques (ultraviolet, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and mass spectrometry). The 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR spectra of spiro-arogenate isolated as the natural product conformed to the spectrum of spiro-arogenate prepared by chemical synthesis by S. Danishefsky and co-workers (Danishefsky, S., Morris, J., and Clizbe, L.A. (1981) J. Am. Chem. Soc. 103, 1602-1604). Circular dichroism established the S configuration of the asymmetric carbon at C-8 of spiro-arogenate. PMID- 6222046 TI - Characterization of the ATP-sensitive binding of Tetrahymena 30 S dynein to bovine brain microtubules. AB - Dynein was obtained by high salt extraction of Tetrahymena cilia and purified by DEAE-Sephacel chromatography. This fraction consisted of a mixture of 30 S dynein (80%) and the 14 S ATPase (15%). The column purification effectively removed tubulin and adenylate kinase. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide electrophoresis indicated that the 30 S dynein was composed of a major heavy chain (approximately 400 kD, three copies), three intermediate chains (70, 85, and 100 kD), and a group of light chains (approximately 20 kD). The binding of the column-purified dynein to bovine brain microtubules was characterized as follows. (i) Titration of the dynein with microtubules showed a linear increase in turbidity up to an equivalence point of 2.7 mg of dynein/mg of tubulin with apparently tight binding; (ii) the addition of ATP caused the turbidity of the solution of decrease to a level equal to the sum of free dynein plus microtubules; (iii) transmission electron microscopy indicated that microtubules were decorated with dynein arms spaced at a 24-nm longitudinal repeat and that the dynein decoration was removed upon addition of ATP; (iv) cross-section images of microtubules that were saturated with dynein showed six to seven dynein arms around a microtubule consisting of 14 protofilaments, corresponding to a molar ratio of one dynein/six tubulin dimers; (v) the dynein arms were bound primarily by their broader end which corresponds to the end normally bound to the B subfiber in vivo. Experiments with purified 30 and 14 S dyneins indicated that the dynein-microtubule binding activity and the ATP-induced dissociation were the properties of the 30 S dynein alone. These studies demonstrate that the 30 S dynein under our conditions (50 mM PIPES, pH 6.96, 4 mM MgSO4) interacts with bovine brain microtubules through the ATP-sensitive site of the dynein arm. PMID- 6222045 TI - Co-accumulation of prephenate, L-arogenate, and spiro-arogenate in a mutant of Neurospora. AB - A mutant strain of Neurospora crassa blocked in each of the initial steps of tryptophan, tyrosine, and phenylalanine biosynthesis was previously shown to accumulate and secrete prephenate and L-arogenate (Jensen, R.A., Zamir, L.O., St. Pierre, M., Patel, N., and Pierson, D.L. (1977) J. Bacteriol. 132, 896-903). We now report the co-accumulation of yet another compound which was identified (Zamir, L.O., Tiberio, R., Jung, E., and Jensen, R.A. (1982) J. Biol. Chem. (1983) 258, 6486-6491) as the lactam derivative of L-arogenate. This structure, spiro-arogenate, undergoes a facile acid-catalyzed conversion to L-phenylalanine (as does L-arogenate). Since L-arogenate is conveniently quantitated as 5 dimethylaminonapthalene-1-sulfonyl (dansyl)-phenylalanine following acidification and dansylation, the unknown presence of spiro-arogenate may easily lead to overestimation of L-arogenate present in mixtures. Reliable quantitative assays for both L-arogenate and spiro-arogenate in mixtures were designed utilizing [3H]dansyl-chloride and exploiting the inability of the spiro-arogenate molecule to be dansylated in contrast to L-arogenate. The initial appearance of spiro arogenate during accumulation lagged behind prephenate and L-arogenate, and spiro arogenate accumulation leveled off after 5 days while prephenate and L-arogenate accumulations continued. It seems likely that spiro-arogenate is derived directly from L-arogenate. Prephenate, L-arogenate, and spiro-arogenate comprised about 70, 15, and 15% fractions of the total accumulation in a representative accumulation experiment designed to maximize spiro-arogenate yields. Modest variations in co-metabolite ratios were obtained under nutritional conditions where carbon source, growth temperature, duration of incubation time, and amino acid additions were experimental variables. PMID- 6222047 TI - Isotope and thermal effects in chemiosmotic coupling to the membrane ATPase of Streptococcus. AB - We measured rates of ATP synthesis by the proton-translocating ATPase of the motile Streptococcus strain V4051. Starved cells were energized artificially by exposing their membranes to a variable electrical potential difference (internal medium negative) and a fixed pH difference (internal medium alkaline). The initial rates of ATP synthesis increased exponentially with protonmotive force. The results were the same in D2O and H2O; there was no solvent isotope effect. At a fixed protonmotive force, the rates were strongly dependent on temperature, as expected for a reaction with a large enthalpy of activation. At a different protonmotive force, the rates varied with temperature in an identical fashion; there was no change in the enthalpy of activation. We conclude that protonation deprotonation steps are not rate limiting and that the protons that cross the membrane drive ATP synthesis by mass action. The transmembrane electric field acts by changing the concentrations of the reactants, not by changing the configuration of the enzyme-substrate complex. PMID- 6222048 TI - Calcium inhibition of rat liver microsomal calcium-dependent ATPase. AB - Measurement of the inward rate of Ca2+ transport by rat liver microsomes under conditions of varying free intravesicular Ca2+ (1 microM to 5 mM) revealed that inward transport rate is maximum at low intravesicular Ca2+, and that transport rate decreases with an apparent inhibition constant of about 250-350 microM as intravesicular Ca2+ accumulates. This relationship is confirmed by measurement of Ca2+-dependent ATPase activity; activity is greatest when intravesicular Ca2+ is 1 microM, is lower when intravesicular Ca2+ is 60 microM, and is minimum when intravesicular Ca2+ is 5 mM. Unexpectedly, the ratio of Ca2+ transport rate to Ca2+-dependent ATP hydrolysis rate appears to be significantly greater than 2:1. PMID- 6222049 TI - Assembly of F1-ATPase in isolated mitochondria. AB - The assembly of the proton-translocating ATPase complex was studied in isolated mitochondria by incubating yeast mitochondria with radiolabeled precursors of mitochondrial proteins which had been made in a cell-free protein synthesis system. Following such an incubation, the ATPase complex (F1F0) was isolated. Newly assembled F1-ATPase was detected by autoradiography of the isolated enzyme, only peptide subunits which had been made in vitro and imported into the isolated mitochondria could be radioactive. Incorporation of radiolabeled ATPase subunits into the enzyme does not occur in the presence of an uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation or of a divalent metal chelator, nor does it occur in submitochondrial particles rather than intact mitochondria. Incorporation of labeled ATPase subunits into the enzyme can be completed by unlabeled subunits, provided the unlabeled proteins are added before the mitochondria are incubated with radioactive precursors. These findings suggest that F1-ATPase is assembled from a pool of subunits in mitochondria. PMID- 6222050 TI - Tb3+ binding to Ca2+ and Mg2+ binding sites on sarcoplasmic reticulum ATPase. AB - The interactions of Tb3+ and sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) were investigated by inhibition of Ca2+-activated ATPase activity and enhancement of Tb3+ fluorescence. Ca2+ protected against Tb3+ inhibition of SR ATPase activity. The apparent association constant for Ca2+, determined from the protection, was about 6 x 10(6) M-1, suggesting that Tb3+ inhibits the ATPase activity by binding to the high affinity Ca2+ binding sites. Mg2+ did not protect in the 2-20 mM range. The association constant for Tb3+ binding to this Ca2+ site was estimated to be about 1 x 10(9) M-1. No cooperativity was observed for Tb3+ binding. No enhancement of Tb3+ fluorescence was detected. A second group of binding sites, with weaker affinity for Tb3+, was observed by monitoring the enhancement of Tb3+ fluorescence (lambda ex 285 nm, lambda em 545 nm). The fluorescence intensity increased 950-fold due to binding. Ca2+ did not complete for binding at these sites, but Mg2+ did. The association constant for Mg2+ binding was 94 M-1, suggesting that this may be the site that catalyzes phosphorylation of the ATPase by inorganic phosphate. For vesicles, Tb3+ binding to these Mg2+ sites was best described as binding to two classes of binding sites with negative cooperativity. If the SR ATPase was solubilized in the nonionic detergent C12E9 (dodecyl nonaoxyethylene ether alcohol), in the absence of Ca2+, only one class of Tb3+ binding sites was observed. The total number of sites appeared to remain constant. If Ca2+ was included in the solubilization step, Tb3+ binding to these Mg2+ binding sites displayed positive cooperativity (Hill coefficient, 2.1). In all cases, the apparent association constant for Tb3+, in the presence of 5 mM MgCl2, was in the range of 1-5 x 10(4) M-1. PMID- 6222051 TI - Neutral beta-N-acetylhexosaminidases of rat brain. Purification and enzymatic and immunological characterization. AB - The two neutral beta-N-acetylhexosaminidases of rat brain have been purified by procedures involving extraction, concanavalin A-Sepharose, ammonium sulfate precipitation, DEAE-cellulose, hydroxyapatite, Sepharose 4B, and an affinity chromatography with 2-acetamido-N-(epsilon-aminocaproyl)-2-deoxy-beta galactopyranosylamine bound to Sepharose. The neutral beta-N acetylgalactosaminidase was purified to homogeneity at 2000-2500-fold purification over the post-concanavalin A fraction. It was specific to beta-N acetylgalactosaminide and was inactive to glucosaminide. It appeared to possess extremely small but detectable activity to hydrolyze the terminal N acetylgalactosamine residue from GM2, asialo-GM2, and globoside. The other enzyme, neutral N-acetylglucosaminidase, was 85-90% pure, judged by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. It was predominantly active toward the N-acetylglucosaminide substrate but hydrolyzed N-acetylgalactosaminide at 0.5% of the rate toward glucosaminide. The possibility of this very small galactosaminidase activity being due to contamination by the first enzyme could be excluded by several criteria. Three different criteria, gel filtration, acrylamide gel electrophoresis, and sucrose density gradient centrifugation, gave inconsistent results in the estimated molecular size of either enzyme. The two enzymes were, however, different in molecular size by any of the criteria. Precipitating antibody was produced in rabbits against the neutral beta-N acetylgalactosaminidase. It specifically precipitated the enzyme but did not cross-react with the neutral beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase or the acid beta-N acetylhexosaminidase A and B. Physiological substrates for these neutral hexosaminidases are yet to be clarified. PMID- 6222052 TI - Phosphorylated intermediate of the ATPase of plant plasma membranes. AB - A partially purified preparation of the plant plasma membrane ATPase was phosphorylated when incubated with [gamma-32P]ATP. The phosphoprotein formed has the characteristics of an enzyme intermediate because of its rapidity of phosphorylation and dephosphorylation. The sensitivity of the phosphoenzyme bond to alkaline pH and to hydroxylamine indicates that it is an acylphosphate. Both the ATPase activity and the phosphorylation of the enzyme exhibited an apparent Km value of 0.3 mM ATP. When the phosphorylated enzyme was analyzed by electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate, only one major band with a molecular weight of about 105,000 contained radioactivity. These results indicate that the plant plasma membrane ATPase has a subunit composition and reaction mechanism similar to the cation-pumping ATPases of animal and fungal plasma membranes. PMID- 6222053 TI - Metabolism of sea urchin sperm. Interrelationships between intracellular pH, ATPase activity, and mitochondrial respiration. AB - Mitochondria of sperm of the sea urchin Strongylo-centrotus purpuratus are tightly coupled before induction of the acrosomal reaction. When the sperm are diluted at low external pH (pH 5.5) or in high potassium (200 mM) or in the absence of sodium, their internal pH is acidic (6.2-7.0) as measured by amine accumulation. Under these conditions the internal ATPase activity (primarily the dynein ATPase) is inhibited, sperm are immotile, and mitochondria are in respiratory state 4 (ATP concentration is maximal). When the internal pH is alkalinized, the internal ATPase activity is increased, as estimated either in vivo by measuring the decrease in ATP concentration after addition of oligomycin to prevent ATP synthesis, or in vitro using Triton X-100 permeabilized cells. This increase in ATPase activity correlates with an increase of up to 50-fold in respiratory rates and a mitochondrial transition to state 3. Carbonyl cyanide p trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone-uncoupled respiration is also sensitive to the internal pH for it is inhibited at acidic internal pH. However, since nonmotile, nonrespiring sperm that are obtained when the internal pH is acidic have high concentrations of ATP, we conclude that in vivo the internal pH controls the rate of dynein ATPase and that this ATPase activity is limiting for the respiration of tightly coupled mitochondria. The redox state of the respiratory chain may also be under the direct influence of the internal pH. PMID- 6222054 TI - Lactosaminoglycans and heparan sulfate are covalently bound to fibronectins synthesized by mouse stem teratocarcinoma cells. PMID- 6222055 TI - Purification of phi X174 gene C protein. AB - The product of gene C of bacteriophage phi X174 is required for the replication of phiX174 single-stranded DNA in Escherichia coli cells infected with phi X174. The protein has been purified to homogeneity using an in vitro complementation system. The protein exhibits a molecular weight of 5800 under denaturing conditions. The NH2-terminal amino acid sequence of the protein is (NH2)-Met-Arg Lys, which is consistent with the sequence predicted from the nucleotide sequence of gene C. The protein has an affinity for single-stranded DNA but less for double-stranded DNA. PMID- 6222056 TI - The histone content of Tetrahymena ribosomal gene-containing chromatin. AB - The histone composition of the ribosomal gene containing chromatin (rChromatin) of the ciliated protozoan Tetrahymena pyriformis has been investigated using purified nucleolar fractions in which ribosomal DNA constitutes 65-82% of the total DNA. In isolated nucleoli, rChromatin largely retains the periodic activated structure characteristic of rChromatin in the nucleus. For all five major histone classes, the histone to DNA ratios of nucleolar chromatin are similar to those of bulk macronuclear chromatin. These results argue that the differences between activated rChromatin and inactivated chromatin are not due to a deficiency in the number of histones available to form nucleosomes on the rDNA. PMID- 6222058 TI - Correlation between cell substrate attachment in vitro and cell surface heparan sulfate affinity for fibronectin and collagen. AB - Heparan sulfate glycosaminoglycan, isolated from the cell surface of nonadhering murine myeloma cells (P3X63-Ag8653), does not bind to plasma fibronectin, but binds partially to collagen type I, as assayed by affinity chromatography with proteins immobilized on cyanogen bromide-activated Sepharose 4B. Identical results were obtained when myeloma heparan sulfate was cochromatographed, on the same fibronectin and collagen columns, with cell surface heparan sulfates collagen columns, with cell surface heparan sulfates from adhering Swiss mouse 3T3 and SV3T3 cells. These latter heparan sulfates do, however, bind to both fibronectin and collagen, as reported earlier (Stamatoglou, S.C., and J.M. Keller, 1981, Biochim. Biophys. Acta., 719:90-97). Cell adhesion assays established that hydrated collagen substrata can support myeloma cell attachment, but fibronectin cannot. Saturation of the heparan sulfate binding sites on the collagen substrata with heparan sulfate or heparin, prior to cell inoculation, abolished the ability to support cell adhesion, whereas chondroitin 4 sulfate, chondroitin 6 sulfate, and hyaluronic acid had no effect. PMID- 6222057 TI - Synaptonemal complexes are integral components of the isolated mouse spermatocyte nuclear matrix. AB - Synaptonemal complexes (SCs) have been isolated as integral components of the nuclear matrix from purified mouse pachytene spermatocytes. These nuclear synaptonemal complex-matrices are prepared by extracting Triton X-100-treated nuclei with low (0.2 M) and high (1.0 or 2.0 M) NaCl, DNase I, and RNase A to remove 85% of the nuclear proteins, 97% of the RNA, and 99% of the DNA. Studies with the light and electron microscopes indicate that these matrices, while lacking a distinct lamina, contain nuclear pores interconnected by a fiber network, residual nucleoli, and interchromatin fibers. In addition, the pachytene spermatocyte matrices contain residual XY heterochromatin and the principal components of the SCs, including two lateral elements, a central element, a presumptive centromere, and attachment plaques. These SCs are preserved within the matrix and retain their structural association with the pore-fiber complex, even when subjected to strong dissociating conditions. Nuclear matrices from pachytene spermatocytes and spermatids (steps 1-8), when analyzed by SDS PAGE, contain an array of polypeptides distinct from those of mouse liver nuclear matrices. Proteins of spermatogenic matrices range in Mr from 8,000 to approximately 150,000. The prominent lamina proteins (Mr approximately 60,000 70,000) of somatic nuclear matrices are either absent or represent only a minor part of the spermatogenic matrix. The polypeptide composition of the pachytene spermatocyte and spermatid matrices are similar, although minor quantitative and qualitative differences are evident. These observations suggest that the SC constituents may consist of a heterogeneous group of proteins present in low proportion relative to total matrix proteins, or they may be retained, but in a different form, within the spermatid matrix. PMID- 6222059 TI - Hypercholesterolemia due to elevated low density lipoprotein-cholesterol in newborns with anencephaly and adrenal atrophy. AB - In the present investigation, we evaluated the relationship between plasma lipoprotein-cholesterol and adrenal steroid production in abortuses and newborns in whom the adrenal was expected to be atrophic, i.e. in anencephalics. We found that umbilical cord plasma levels of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DS) in 23 anencephalics delivered between 13.5 and 45.5 weeks of gestation (mean +/- SE, 176 +/- 37 ng/ml) were significantly lower than those in normal newborns of similar gestational ages; the umbilical cord plasma concentrations of cortisol in many anencephalics, however, were within normal limits. The levels of total cholesterol (134 +/- 10 mg/dl) and low density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol (94 +/- 8 mg/dl) were substantially higher (up to 4-fold) in umbilical cord plasma of anencephalics than in umbilical cord plasma of normal newborns. The mean level of high density lipoprotein-cholesterol in umbilical cord plasma of anencephalic abortuses and newborns (38 +/- 4 mg/dl) was approximately 50% higher than that in normal newborns. The lowest plasma cholesterol level (56 mg/dl) and a concentration of DS (480 ng/ml) that was among the highest seen in the group of anencephalics were found in an anencephalic newborn in whom adrenals were of near normal weight. Plasma cholesterol levels were inversely correlated to adrenal weights and plasma DS levels, and plasma DS levels were correlated to adrenal weight. Whereas the estimated plasma pool of DS in normal newborns increased to over 300 micrograms during the latter part of gestation, that of anencephalic newborns was much lower (less than 1 to 26 micrograms) and did not appear to increase as a function of gestational age. Conversely, the estimated plasma pool of cholesterol in normal newborns appeared to decline slightly during the last 10 weeks of gestation (80 mg at term), whereas that of anencephalic newborns expanded greatly near term; levels (approximately 200 mg) were attained that were about 3 times those in normal newborns. We conclude that the hypercholesterolemia in anencephalic newborns, due primarily to extremely elevated plasma levels of LDL-cholesterol, is a result of decreased uptake and utilization of plasma LDL cholesterol for steroid biosynthesis by the adrenals. Since hypercholesterolemia is apparently early in gestation in anencephalic abortuses, we speculate that in normally developing fetuses, plasma LDL-cholesterol is used as substrate for adrenal steroidogenesis early in gestation as well as near term when the rates of growth and steroid production by the adrenals accelerate markedly. PMID- 6222060 TI - Steroid sulfatase activity in human lung tissue and in endothelial pulmonary cells in culture. AB - The conversion of tritium-labeled estrone sulfate to [3H]estrone was evaluated in human lung tissue in vitro. Under standardized conditions, the rate of hydrolysis of [3H] estrone sulfate to [3H]estrone was linear with time of incubation up to 4 h and with wet tissue weight up to 400 mg/ml. The apparent Km of sulfatase for estrone sulfate was 9 microM, and the maximum velocity was 1.4 nmol substrate hydrolyzed/100 mg lung . h. The lung tissue also metabolized the primary metabolite of [3H]estrone sulfate, [3H]estrone, to 17 beta-[3H]estradiol. The hydrolysis of [3H]dehydroisoandrosterone sulfate to [3H]dehydroisoandrosterone by human lung tissue was also measured. Sulfatase activity with this substrate was linear as a function of wet tissue weight up to 800 mg/ml. The apparent Km of sulfatase for dehydroisoandrosterone sulfate was 7 microM, and the maximum velocity was 1.0 nmol substrate hydrolyzed/100 mg lung . h. The highest specific activity of lung sulfatase for [3H]dehydroisoandrosterone sulfate was found in a microsomal fraction of lung homogenate. The primary metabolite, [3H]dehydroisoandrosterone, was metabolized further by lung tissue to [3H]androstenedione and [3H]5-androstene-3 beta, 17 beta-diol. Although isolated segments of human pulmonary arteries also metabolized both [3H] estrone sulfate and [3H]dehydroisoandrosterone sulfate, cultures of pulmonary arterial endothelial cells lacked sulfatase activity. The cell(s) source of sulfatase activity in human lung tissue and isolated arteries has not yet been identified. Our findings suggest that the metabolism of sulfated steroids by the lung should be considered in evaluating homeostasis. PMID- 6222061 TI - Early menarche, a risk factor for breast cancer, indicates early onset of ovulatory cycles. AB - The associations between age at menarche and the hormonal patterns of adolescent menstrual cycles were investigated to obtain information as to why early menarche is an important risk factor for breast cancer. An initial group of 200 schoolgirls, 7-17 yr old, was investigated longitudinally 3 times at 1.5-yr intervals. A serum progesterone concentration in the latter part of the cycle exceeding 6.4 nmol/liter (2.0 ng/ml) was considered to signify an ovulatory cycle, and a concentration less than 1.6 nmol/liter (0.5 ng/ml) an anovulatory cycle. The frequency of ovulation depended significantly on both the time since menarche and the age at menarche (P less than 0.001 for both variables). Early menarche was associated with early onset of ovulatory cycles. The times from menarche until 50% of the cycles were ovulatory were about 1, 3, and 4.5 yr when the ages at menarche were less than 12.0, 12.0-12.9, and more than or equal to 13.0 yr, respectively. Girls with a menarcheal age below 12.0 yr had higher serum estradiol but lower testosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone concentrations than subjects with later menarche. The estradiol to dehydroepiandrosterone ratio was already higher before menarche in subjects who displayed early menarche during follow-up. These findings show that the increase in adrenal androgen secretion was mainly related to chronological age and was not affected by the time of menarche. The demonstration of early ovulation after early menarche is in conflict with the estrogen-window hypothesis suggesting a longer duration of anovulatory cycles to explain the increased risk of breast cancer after early menarche. Other theories should therefore be considered, among them the following: 1) high serum progesterone concentration in association with normal or high serum estradiol at puberty increases the risk, 2) only the early and relatively high estrogen concentrations are important, or 3) the estrogen to androgen ratio is the critical factor, with androgens having a protective effect. PMID- 6222062 TI - Heterogeneity of immunological abnormalities in ataxia-telangiectasia. AB - Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from five patients with ataxia-telangiectasia were evaluated for their reactivity with a panel of monoclonal antibodies directed against T-cell subsets and for their in vitro functions in a pokeweed mitogen-induced immunoglobulin biosynthesis assay. All the patients had significantly reduced proportions of cells identified by monoclonal antibodies to subpopulations of T lymphocytes with helper activity (OKT4 and 5/9) and produced low amounts or no IgA and IgG in vitro. Immunoglobulin biosynthesis was increased by the addition of normal x-irradiated peripheral blood mononuclear cells in one of three patients, suggesting a helper T-cell deficiency in this patient and intrinsic B-cell defects in the other two. Two patients had increased proportions of cells identified by a monoclonal antibody to a subpopulation of T lymphocytes which includes suppressor T cells (OKT8), and their cells were able to suppress immunoglobulin biosynthesis by peripheral blood mononuclear cells from normal donors. These findings indicate heterogeneous disturbances of immunoregulatory mechanisms in ataxia-telangiectasia. PMID- 6222063 TI - Induction of prostaglandin synthesis-dependent suppressor cells with endotoxin: occurrence in patients with thermal injuries. AB - The induction of lymphocyte suppressor activity with bacterial endotoxin is well documented. While most of the evidence has been obtained using animal models and has required large doses of endotoxin, we have demonstrated that additions of as little as 1.0 ng of chromatographically purified endotoxin [from Escherichia coli 055:B5, E. coli 0111:B4, Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Fisher-Devlin immunotype 1), Serratia marcescens, or Salmonella minnesota] to human mixed lymphocyte or to mitogen-stimulated cultures produced statistically significant suppression. In each case, endotoxin was most suppressive when present in the culture system prior to the introduction of the alloantigen or mitogen. Suppressive effects were dependent upon the participation of peripheral blood monocytes and could be blocked by the addition of the prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor indomethacin or meclofenamate sodium. Prostaglandin production by monocytes appeared to induce a population of "short-lived" suppressor cells, identified by the immediate and delayed addition of lymphocyte cocultures to endotoxin-preincubated cells. The suppressive behavior of endotoxin-primed lymphocytes was identical to the behavior of burn patient serum-primed lymphocytes or to lymphocyte populations derived from a subpopulation of burn patients whose serum was Limulus positive. We, therefore, feel that endotoxin plays a significant immunologic role in these patients. PMID- 6222064 TI - T suppressor cells are required for the maintenance of the antigen-induced B-cell unresponsive state in humans. AB - Tetanus toxoid immunization of humans generates circulating B cells which secrete IgG anti-tetanus toxoid antibodies (IgG-Tet) when stimulated in vitro with T cells and pokeweed mitogen (PWM). A unique property of these cells is the inhibition of maturation into antibody-secreting plasma cells following a 1-hr in vitro pulse with tetanus toxoid. Studies were undertaken to determine if different T-cell subsets could modulate the in vitro generated B-cell unresponsive state. The addition of OKT4+/OKT8- cells to antigen-treated B cells resulted in a partial reversal of the antigen-induced inhibition of IgG-Tet synthesis. The addition of OKT4-/OKT8+ cells to the treated B cells caused a suppression of IgG-Tet synthesis comparable to that seen in cultures containing unfractionated T cells. These results indicate that (1) the B-cell unresponsive state generated by antigen treatment is not absolute, (2) the degree of B-cell unresponsiveness results from a balance of suppressor and helper signals, and (3) T-suppressor cells need to be present to induce and maintain the B-cell unresponsive state. PMID- 6222065 TI - Establishment of minimum inhibitory concentrations of cefoperazone for control and reference anaerobic organisms. AB - The minimum inhibitory concentrations of cefoperazone were determined in a collaborative study for eight National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards control and reference strains of anaerobic bacteria by agar and microdilution techniques with several types and sources of media. Recommended minimum inhibitory concentrations for the control strains, Bacteroides fragilis ATCC 25285 and Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron ATCC 29741, are 32 to 64 micrograms/ml and 64 micrograms/ml, respectively. Clostridium perfringens ATCC 13124 gave inconsistent results, and no value is recommended. Recommended values for reference strains are presented. Modification of media did not significantly change the minimum inhibitory concentrations. PMID- 6222066 TI - Multiple sclerosis. Distribution of T cells, T cell subsets and Ia-positive macrophages in lesions of different ages. AB - Using monoclonal antibodies in combination with the PAP technique, total (T11+) T cells, helper-inducer (T4+) T cells, suppressor-cytotoxic (T8+) T cells and Ia+ cells (macrophages and B cells) were localized in frozen sections of multiple sclerosis (MS) lesions with varied disease activity. In acute MS, T11+, T4+, T8+ cells and Ia+ macrophages were found in large numbers throughout the lesion but were virtually absent from normal white matter. In active chronic MS lesions, the numbers of T11+, T4+ and T8+ cells increased from the center towards the edge of the lesion. T11+ and T4+ cells penetrated deeply into the normal-appearing white matter adjacent to the lesion, while T8+ cells were more confined to the lesion edge. Ia+ macrophages displayed a reverse distribution pattern to that of T cells. They showed the highest density in the lesion center and their numbers decreased slightly towards the lesion edge. Small numbers of T11+, T4+, T8+ and Ia+ cells were always present in normal white matter. In silent chronic MS lesions, the numbers of both T cells and Ia+ cells were significantly lower than in active chronic MS. While T11+ and T4+ cells were found throughout the central nervous system (CNS), T8+ cells were virtually absent from the lesion center. Ia+ macrophages were also present in small numbers throughout the CNS and, sometimes, showed some accumulation at the lesion edge. Thus, T cells and T cell subsets have been demonstrated to be involved in lesion pathogenesis in MS in that lesion progression was associated with T4+ cells while ongoing demyelination depended upon the presence of Ia+ macrophages. PMID- 6222067 TI - Modification of chemically induced diabetes in rats by vitamin E. Supplementation minimizes and depletion enhances development of diabetes. AB - Administration of the antioxidant vitamin E to rats, prior to administration of either streptozotocin or alloxan, provided protection against the diabetogenic effect of both these agents. This was demonstrated by their response to a glucose load, their pancreatic insulin content and light microscopy findings. In addition, rats whose antioxidant state was depleted, by being maintained on a vitamin E and selenium-deficient diet, demonstrated increased diabetogenic susceptibility to normally nondiabetogenic doses of streptozotocin. These findings provide indirect support for the suggestion that the chemical agents streptozotocin and alloxan may exert their diabetogenic effect by acting as oxidants or free radical producers. PMID- 6222068 TI - Factors affecting the autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction in kidney transplantation. AB - In long-term well adapted kidney transplant recipients we have found a close correlation between the T helper (TH):T suppressor/cytotoxic (TS/C) subset ratios and the presence of T cells that respond in the autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction (AMLR). In 21 recipients with T cell E rosette levels ranging between 53 and 86% and TH:TS/C ratios between 0.15 to 2.10, ratios of greater than 0.8 correlated with AMLR responses (13/13), and ratios of less than 0.8 with AMLR nonreactivity (7/7). By contrast, the allogeneic MLR showed no apparent correlation with the TH:TS/C ratios or with the AMLR pre- or postoperatively. It was found that the AMLR in 22 of 23 normal individuals was markedly inhibited by autologous T cells obtained from peripheral blood lymphocytes, exposed to 3,000 rad (Tx) and added as a third component to the cultures. In contrast, 13 of 13 kidney transplant recipients failed to exhibit this Tx AMLR inhibitory cell population. The "naturally occurring" T inhibitory cells, fractionated by an affinity column chromatography procedure into x-irradiated TH and TS/C subsets, inhibited the AMLR to the same extent as unseparated Tx cells. In cell interchange studies performed in four of five HLA identical donor-recipient pairs the Tx cells of the (normal) donor inhibited the recipient AMLR (immunosuppressed), but recipient Tx cells failed to inhibit the donor AMLR. Finally T cells, primed in AMLR and allogeneic MLR for 10 d were tested for AMLR or allogeneic MLR inhibitory activity. Allogeneic MLR primed x-irradiated cells, inhibited both the AMLR and allogeneic MLR while AMLR x-irradiated primed cells inhibited neither reaction. The Tx AMLR inhibitor found in normal peripheral blood, appears to be a cell that is highly sensitive to the effects of biologic or pharmacologic immunosuppressive agents. PMID- 6222069 TI - Protection of factor Xa from neutralization by the heparin-antithrombin complex. AB - We have studied the accessibility of Factor Xa to neutralization by the heparin antithrombin complex within plasma and whole blood. This serine protease was detected by measuring the concentrations of activation fragments (F2/F1+2) cleaved from prothrombin. The levels of F2/F1+2) were quantitated by means of a sensitive and specific radioimmunoassay. Our findings indicate that the binding of Factor Xa to "activated" platelets but not to phospholipid micelles results in the protection of the above enzyme from inactivation by the heparin-antithrombin complex. This sequestration of Factor Xa is not affected by the liberation of platelet release proteins or the molecular heterogeneity of the mucopolysaccharide preparations used. The magnitude of enzyme protection is strongly correlated with the extent of prothrombin activation at the time of heparin addition. On this basis, we suggest that high in vivo rates of thrombin generation may lead to the sequestration of Factor Xa on the platelet surface and hence allow this serine protease to resist the action of heparin until the complex is cleared from the circulation. PMID- 6222070 TI - Immunologic studies in asymptomatic hemophilia patients. Relationship to acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). AB - Asymptomatic hemophilia patients receiving Factor VIII concentrate were found to have normal natural killer (NK) cells and B cells, and an inverted T helper/suppressor ratio due to an increase in cells of T suppressor phenotype. In contrast, a hemophilia patient with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) exhibited nonfunctional NK cells, low B cells, and an inverted T helper/suppressor ratio due to very low numbers of T helper cells. Hemophilia patients on cryoprecipitate therapy exhibited normal immune parameters. A high percentage of hemophilia patients on both treatments had antibody to hepatitis B virus. The isolated finding of elevated levels of T suppressor cells in hemophilia patients receiving Factor VIII concentrate has not been recognized as an early indicator of impending AIDS, and longitudinal studies will be required to determine its clinical significance. PMID- 6222071 TI - An unusual presentation of isolated optic nerve sarcoidosis. AB - A 32-year old diabetic female had unilateral reduced vision (20/30) in an eye having the ophthalmoscopic appearance of papillophlebitis of the optic nerve head. After an apparently benign course, with recovery, the optic disc became edematous again and a central retinal vein occlusion blinded the eye. Thereafter, an avascular bilobed mass progressively protruded from the optic nerve head. Computerized tomography demonstrated uniform thickening of the optic nerve from the globe through the optic canal. The radiographic appearance was consistent with an optic nerve glioma or meningioma. Spinal fluid, chest x-ray, and serum angiotensin converting enzyme activity were normal. Tuberculin skin test was positive. Optic nerve biopsy demonstrated a noncaseating granuloma and a subsequent Kveim test was positive. Isolated optic nerve sarcoidosis may exist without other systemic manifestations. The appearance on computerized tomography may be similar to that of an optic nerve glioma or meningioma. PMID- 6222072 TI - Clinical and subclinical oculomotor findings in the Eaton-Lambert syndrome. AB - Five patients with the Eaton-Lambert syndrome were examined neuro ophthalmologically. Three were studied using electro-oculographic saccadic velocity recordings. Four complained of blurred vision and all complained of ptosis during the course of their disease. Clinical examination revealed mild ptosis in three of the five patients. Saccadic velocities before exercise were normal. After saccadic exercise, an increase in velocity of up to 40% was noted in two of the three patients studied. PMID- 6222074 TI - Syphilitic optic atrophy. PMID- 6222073 TI - Occipital lobe infarction after open heart surgery. AB - The most common permanent neuro-ophthalmologic complication of cardiopulmonary bypass surgery is visual loss. Bilateral lower altitudinal visual field defects were documented in a patient who noted blurred vision following open heart surgery. A difference of opinion existed as to whether the field defects were due to retina-optic nerve or occipital lobe lesions. Two points are emphasized in this report: 1) the field defects were much easier to define on the tangent screen than on Goldman perimetry, and 2) occipital coronal high resolution CT scan confirmed bilateral upper bank calcarine cortex infarctions in this patient. Occipital coronal, thin-section, high-resolution computed tomographic scans are helpful in studying patients with occipital lobe visual field defects. PMID- 6222075 TI - Acute painful cavernous sinus syndrome in unruptured intracavernous aneurysms of the internal carotid artery. Possible pathogenetic mechanisms. AB - Three cases of painful ophthalmoplegia with acute onset due to an unruptured aneurysm of the intracavernous portion of the internal carotid artery are reported. The possible pathogenetic mechanisms responsible for this unusual mode of clinical manifestation are discussed and the neurovascular relationships of the cavernous sinus are analyzed in respect of ischemic versus compressive damage to the intracavernous neural structures. PMID- 6222076 TI - Chromograms of color normals and multiple sclerosis patients. AB - The Gunkel chromograph was tested on 81 volunteers with normal color vision as indicated by screening with Ishihara plates and the panel D-15. Most of these color normals located their neutral area superior to the geometric center of the chromogram. A minority located their neutral area at the geometric center. Recognition of this variation may prevent misdiagnosis of chromographs of patients suspected of having color vision defects. All 29 eyes with history and VEP findings consistent with optic nerve demyelinization had enlargement of the neutral area, even though visual acuity could be corrected to 20/20. PMID- 6222077 TI - Acute recurrent orbital myositis. AB - An acute relapsing orbital inflammatory disease predominantly affecting the extraocular muscles was seen in two patients and is reported here as acute recurrent orbital myositis. The association of this disorder with other systemic diseases such as asthma, sinusitis, upper respiratory infection, Crohn's disease, and serum sickness is discussed. The similarities to other forms of acute orbital inflammatory disease such as orbital pseudotumor are noted, and a possible underlying immunologic mechanism is suggested. PMID- 6222078 TI - Monocular rotary nystagmus. AB - A patient with transient monocular rotary-vertical nystagmus demonstrated decreased gain of vertical pursuit and normal vestibulo-ocular reflex on electrooculogram. A supranuclear brain stem lesion, resulting in lack of monocular inhibition of oculomotor neurons, is postulated on the basis of these findings. PMID- 6222079 TI - Progressive visual loss in syphilitic optic atrophy. AB - A 62-year-old man had progressive visual loss from neurosyphilis while his optic disks appeared atrophic. At no time was there evidence of inflammation of the globe or of either optic disk. The presence of an extremely high IgG index and five oligoclonal bands in the cerebrospinal fluid indicated that the central nervous system was synthesizing antibody specific to Treponema pallidum. Recent investigations indicate that much larger doses of penicillin are necessary for adequate treatment of neurosyphilis than have been recommended previously. PMID- 6222080 TI - The Wyburn-Mason syndrome. Concomitant chiasmal and fundus vascular malformations. AB - We report a 56-year-old female with a 50-year history of a progressive chiasmal syndrome who was found to have a suprasellar arteriovenous malformation involving the chiasm and both optic nerves associated with an unusual fundus picture consistent with the Wyburn-Mason syndrome. A review of the literature of this rare syndrome is also presented. PMID- 6222081 TI - Complete bilateral internal carotid artery occlusion in a young man. AB - Partial or complete occlusion of the internal carotid artery is a familiar consequence of severe atherosclerosis seen in the elderly. Complete obstruction of both internal carotids is rare, particularly in the young or middle-aged. The rapid onset of bilateral internal carotid occlusion would be expected to produce devastating neurological sequelae and probably not be compatible with survival. We present a case of a young man with complete obstruction of both internal carotid arteries whose presenting symptoms were those of a visual field cut. The history suggests that the carotid occlusion occurred as a result of blunt trauma. The patient had no known predisposition to vascular abnormalities (no history of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, signs of systematic arteriosclerosis or vasculitis, and an unremarkable family history for vascular abnormalities). Computerized tomography revealed an infarct in his right parietal lobe. Angiography demonstrated complete occlusion of both internal carotid arteries and the right posterior communicating artery and failed to disclose the development of extensive collatorals, adding further evidence to the acuteness of the occlusion. The patient was followed by noninvasive studies and in the subsequent year showed marked neurological and ophthalmological improvement. PMID- 6222082 TI - Orbital myositis. AB - We report five cases of presumed orbital myositis mimicking extraocular muscle motility disturbances and manifesting clinical signs of active inflammation over the involved muscles. Computed tomographic evidence for extraocular muscle enlargement is helpful in confirming the diagnosis. If not present or atypical, another etiology should be sought. All patients responded rapidly and dramatically to systemic corticosteroids. Anterior inflammation may be accompanied by iritis and respond to topical corticosteroids. We believe the diagnosis of orbital myositis may be made on clinical grounds with confirmation by computed tomographic evidence for extraocular muscle enlargement and clinical response to corticosteroids. Biopsy is unnecessary except in atypical cases. PMID- 6222083 TI - Amaurosis fugax for a long duration. AB - A 31-year-old Japanese male with unilateral bouts of transient visual loss lasting for variable periods of time has been observed. In spite of the prolonged duration of some of these attacks (the longest attack lasted 7 1/2 hours), the patient sustained a relatively small amount of functional damage to the retina. Although the exact mechanism underlying these bouts of transient visual loss remains unknown, a discussion of the possible causes of such episodes, as well as the reasons for the relative preservation of vision in spite of the length of these attacks, is included. PMID- 6222084 TI - A quantitative analysis of special needs with emphasis on speech and hearing in the Boston Public Schools. AB - The purpose of the study was to develop a demographic profile and to analyze the patterns formed by the primary prototypes and educational goals used to educate public-school children with special needs. The emphasis was on communicative disorders. The study was initiated in order to supplement the limited research which examines the impact and effectiveness of service delivery for special needs (mainstreamed) children. The results indicated that (a) the special needs of the school children were not in close proportion to their racial distribution; (b) the speech and hearing needs were in alignment and in proportion to the racial distribution; (c) the number of children in the school population receiving services was higher than the number found in related studies; and (d) the analyses for goodness-of-fit revealed statistical significance for race and educational goals and prototypes and educational goals. It was also found that the need for special services decreased with age. The findings were discussed in terms of the limitations of the study and implications of the nonlabeling requirements of Massachusetts' Special Education Law. PMID- 6222085 TI - Pigmentary incontinence in fixed drug eruptions. Histologic and electron microscopic findings. AB - Pigmentary incontinence is a phenomenon observed in some inflammatory skin disorders. Clinically it may be seen as a slate-colored pigmentation. Histologically it is seen as an accumulation of melanin in the upper dermis. The possible mechanism for development of pigmentary incontinence is discussed based on a review of the literature and electron microscopic studies of fixed drug eruption. PMID- 6222086 TI - Effect of oral 13-cis-retinoic acid at three dose levels on sustainable rates of sebum secretion and on acne. AB - Changes in sustainable rates of sebum secretion were followed in twenty patients with severe acne who were receiving oral treatment with 13-cis-retinoic acid in dosages of 0.1, 0.5, or 1.0 mg/kg/day. Sebum secretion was measured by absorption of skin surface lipid into bentonite clay and estimation of the amount of absorbed sebum by measurement of its wax ester component. Pretreatment rates of sebum secretion in the patients were greatly elevated in comparison with previously measured values in young adult subjects without acne. After 4 weeks of treatment, mean rates of sebum secretion on all three dose levels fell to or below the range for normal subjects. On-treatment rates of sebum secretion were significantly lower in patients on the highest dose compared to patients on the lowest dose. When the drug was discontinued, rates of sebum secretion recovered slowly. Clinical response was excellent in most of the subjects. The five subjects with least favorable response clinically all had better than average suppression of sebum production. PMID- 6222087 TI - Penicillamine: review and cutaneous manifestations. AB - D-Penicillamine, a heavy metal chelator used in the treatment of Wilson's disease and other conditions, may be associated with both noncutaneous and cutaneous side effects. Some of the cutaneous lesions are due to a toxic-metabolic effect on connective tissue; some may be explained on the basis of autoimmunity; some are acute sensitivity reactions, and some are secondary to unknown mechanisms. The types of cutaneous manifestations may, in some instances, be correlated with the disease being treated and the dosage and duration of penicillamine therapy. PMID- 6222088 TI - Argon laser therapy--rosacea, telangiectasia. PMID- 6222089 TI - Capsule dermatopathology: dysplastic and malignant histiocytic infiltrates in the skin. PMID- 6222090 TI - Plasma and erythrocyte electrolytes in affective disorders. AB - Plasma and erythrocyte sodium (Na+), total and free (ultrafiltrable) plasma magnesium (Mg2+) as well as erythrocyte magnesium were measured in patients with affective disorders and in healthy control subjects. Depressed and manic patients had higher total plasma Mg2+ than did hospitalized healthy control subjects, but concentrations of ultrafiltrable Mg2+ did not differ. Although erythrocyte Mg2+ was significantly elevated in the depressed subjects in comparison with that found in the non-hospitalized healthy controls, this difference was not seen between the depressives and the hospitalized healthy controls. Depressed, manic or healthy control subjects did not differ with respect to either plasma or erythrocyte. PMID- 6222091 TI - Bipolar outcome in the course of depressive illness. Phenomenologic, familial, and pharmacologic predictors. AB - Twenty percent of a cohort of 206 outpatient depressives with no past bipolar history switched during prospective observation. These 41 probands developed manic periods on the average of 6.4 years (median 4, range 1-25) after their first depressive episode. The change in polarity occurred throughout the life span, but was most common in adolescence and early adulthood. The following variables were found useful in predicting this outcome: onset less than or equal to 25 years, bipolar family history, loaded pedigrees, precipitation by childbirth, hypersomnic-retarded phenomenology, and pharmacologically-mobilized hypomania. Although the respective sensitivities of these findings were relatively low (32-71%), their specificities ranged from 69% to 100% for bipolar outcome; the diagnostic specificity of any 3 of these variables when combined was 98%. When compared with nonbipolar depression, bipolar disorder was seldom chronologically secondary to nonaffective psychiatric disorders. These findings suggest that many young depressives with lethargy and oversleeping are not manifesting a "neurotic" disorder, but rather a precursor of primary bipolar affective disorder. Finally, a psychotically depressed adolescent or young adult with positive bipolar family history should be observed for eventual bipolar outcome, especially when the clinical presentation is that of stupor. PMID- 6222092 TI - Separation of subtypes of depression using discriminant analysis. Separation of bipolar endogenous depression from nonendogenous ("Neurotic") depression. AB - We derived a discriminant function separating patients with bipolar endogenous depression ("melancholia") from patients with nonendogenous ("neurotic") depression, and showed that the difference between the groups was not one of overall severity of illness alone. The discriminant function (DF) included 5 clinical items. We reduced the DF to a discriminant index (DI) with integral item weights, and trichotomized the DI scores into two definite classifications and an intermediate, uncertain classification. We cross-validated this DI in a separate group of patients, and found no decrease in the accuracy of classification on cross-validation. Thirty-three of 41 (80%) of the patients in the cross validation group were classified by the DI; 26 of 33 (79%) correctly. We also validated the DI classification against an external, biological marker, the dexamethasone suppression test (DST). The DI predicted the DST result with the same accuracy as the clinical diagnoses did, supporting the validity of the DI. PMID- 6222093 TI - Antiparkinsonian and antidepressant effects of high doses of bromocriptine. An independent comparison. AB - Ten depressed parkinsonian patients were treated with high doses of bromocriptine (rang 85-220 mg/day). Changes in the parkinsonian and depressive symptomatologies were independently evaluated by a neurologist and a psychiatrist. Rating took place before treatment after wash-out and again 8 days later. Results show a significant mean improvement of both depressive and parkinsonian symptomatologies. However, there was no correlation between the two therapeutic effects in the 10 patients. Clinical and biological implications of these heterogeneous patterns are discussed. PMID- 6222094 TI - Maprotiline in affective illness. Plasma concentration and clinical response. AB - Twenty patients suffering from endogenous depression were treated with maprotiline for 4 weeks. Blood samples were collected at weekly intervals and severity of depression assessed using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale. No simple relationship between plasma maprotiline concentration and amelioration score was observed at week 3 (rs = 0.25) or week 4 (rs = -0.05). No significant difference in plasma concentrations between responders and non-responders was observed at week 4. Maprotiline was effective as an antidepressant in some patients. PMID- 6222095 TI - Methylene blue. A possible treatment for manic depressive psychosis. AB - Methylene blue was given to patients who had failed to respond to standard therapies. Of the 19 manic depressives who received oral methylene blue, 14 were judged to show definite improvement, 3 patients in whom the diagnosis was uncertain showed no beneficial response. PMID- 6222096 TI - The Hamilton Anxiety Scale. Evaluation of homogeneity and inter-observer reliability in patients with depressive disorders. AB - In the present study the Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAS), originally constructed for patients with neurotic anxiety, has been applied to patients with diagnosis of depressive disorders. The inter-rater reliability and homogeneity are evaluated and total scale score has been correlated to the Bech-Rafaelsen Melancholia Scale (BRMES). Twenty-two patients entered the study, 13 with endogenous depressions, and 9 with non-endogenous depressions when classified according to the ICD-8. For both scales the inter-rater reliability was found statistically significant. Concerning the homogeneity of the HAS, statistical significance was obtained for 7 items reflecting psychic anxiety, whereas in the BRMES statistical significance was found in all items apart from 2. Total scale score on HAS correlated positively with total score on BRMES for all 2 patients. However, when the patients were classified according to the ICD-8 this correlation seemed to be due to the endogenously depressed group as no significant correlation was seen for the group of non-endogenous depression. On the other hand, when the patients were classified according to the MULTI-CLAD system no significant intercorrelation of the HAS and BRMES scores was found within the subtypes of depression. PMID- 6222097 TI - The importance of mood-incongruent psychotic symptoms in melancholia. AB - We examined the clinical, genetic and prognostic significance of mood-incongruent psychotic symptoms in a sample of melancholic patients with and without such features, and a control group of schizophrenic patients. We found no differences between the two depressive groups for any of the important variables studied, but marked differences for both groups in comparison with the schizophrenic sample. Mood-incongruent psychotic symptoms do not appear to identify a unique sub population of melancholia. PMID- 6222098 TI - Isocarboxazid. Efficacy and tolerance. AB - In a double-blind study, isocarboxazid was found to have greater efficacy than placebo. Patients with weight gain, increased appetite, and increased sleep responded particularly well, with a rapid onset of improvement that was apparent by one week. Their response to placebo was poor. Using a flexible dose, the modal range was 30-60 mg per day. Higher doses were poorly tolerated. At the doses used, side effects were generally mild, the most common being dizziness and myoclonus. PMID- 6222099 TI - Dopamine and mania. The effects of trans- and cis-clopenthixol in a double-blind pilot study. AB - Sordinol is composed of the mixture of cis-clopenthixol and trans-clopenthixol. The two isomers do not differ in several pharmacological properties, for instance anti-noradrenergic effect. However, cis-clopenthixol possesses anti-dopaminergic effects, while trans-clopenthixol does not. Sordinol-depot contains the almost pure cis-clopenthixol and appears to be less sedating than the oral and short lasting intramuscular administration forms. In a double-blind pilot study with 10 manic patients, trans-clopenthixol was compared with cis-clopenthixol. Although not reaching statistical significance, cis-clopenthixol showed anti-manic effects, while trans-clopenthixol remained ineffective. It is concluded that the anti-dopaminergic effect of cis-clopenthixol is essential for its anti-manic effect, which is in agreement with the hypothesis of involvement of the dopaminergic system in the pathogenesis of mania. PMID- 6222100 TI - Occurrence of depression in the postpartum state. AB - Using multiple variables of illness, comparisons were made between 17 postpartum depressives with recurrent affective disorder and 37 women with children and recurrent affective disorder but no postpartum depressions. An earlier age of onset in patients with postpartum depression was the only variable that was significantly different between groups. The occurrence of depression for the 17 subjects was significantly greater in the postpartum period than in the non postpartum period. The postpartum depression rate for pregnancies subsequent to the initial postpartum episode was 75%. PMID- 6222101 TI - Use of sealants in the prevention and early treatment of carious lesions: cost analysis. PMID- 6222102 TI - Compensatory hypertrophy in the heart after myocardial infarction in the rat. AB - Hypertrophy after myocardial infarction would be a very important process for compensation of damaged myocardium and preservation of cardiac function. Fifty four female Sprague-Dawley rats were studied 5 weeks after randomization to infarct operation, sham operation and control groups. At sacrifice, anteroapical infarcts ranging from 1 to 51% of left ventricle were present in the infarct operated group. When classified according to infarct size, groups with the largest infarcts (greater than 15 to 30% and greater than 30%) had significant (p less than 0.001) cardiac cellular hypertrophy in the noninfarcted myocardium of the septum and anterior walls (fiber diameter 15.9 +/- 2.3 and 14.5 +/- 2.3 microns, respectively) compared with the control group (12.0 +/- 1.8 microns). Because of cardiac hypertrophy, remaining noninfarcted myocardial area, as estimated from serial histologic sections of the heart, was normal in the greater than 15 to 30% infarct group (area 1.35 cm2) compared with the control group (1.43 cm2); however, because hypertrophy plateaued in the greater than 30% infarct group, myocardial area was significantly decreased (1.06 cm2, p less than 0.001), but was still more than expected without hypertrophy. We suggest that hypertrophy accompanies large infarction in the rat and is a compensation for preserving tissue volume lost by infarction. This compensatory response appears to have limitations, such that when very large amounts of myocardium become necrotic, there is not enough hypertrophy to return myocardial volume to normal. PMID- 6222103 TI - Regional coronary venous flow responses to transient coronary artery occlusion in human beings. AB - Coronary hemodynamic responses to transient coronary artery occlusion in 21 patients were investigated by using regional coronary venous thermodilution to measure regional coronary venous flows. Transient coronary artery occlusion was produced by coronary artery spasm (13 patients) or balloon inflation during coronary angioplasty (8 patients). The left anterior descending coronary artery was transiently occluded in 12 patients, the right coronary artery in 8 patients and the left circumflex artery in 1 patient. During transient coronary occlusion, regional venous flow decreased in 20 of the 21 patients (79 +/- 31 to 53 +/- 29 ml/min, mean +/- standard deviation [SD]; probability [p] less than 0.05) corresponding to the left ventricular region perfused by the occluded artery. Regional coronary resistance increased in all 21 of these regions (1.42 +/- 0.75 to 2.26 +/- 1.45 mm Hg/ml per min, p less than 0.05). Simultaneously measured blood flow and resistance in the left ventricular region supplied by the nonoccluded arteries did not change significantly (62 +/- 27 to 64 +/- 29 ml/min and 1.85 +/- 0.93 to 1.81 +/- 0.98 mm Hg/ml per min, respectively). Coronary hemodynamic changes were similar during transient coronary occlusion, whether produced by coronary spasm or by balloon inflation. However, the presence of angina, reversible electrocardiographic abnormalities and an increase of the left ventricular filling pressure were more common during coronary spasm (p less than 0.05 for all). Regional coronary hemodynamic changes during transient occlusion of the anterior descending, circumflex or right coronary artery were similar. These data show that coronary occlusion decreases regional left ventricular flow in the region perfused by the affected artery. The method of coronary occlusion or the coronary artery affected during occlusion did not seem to elicit different responses. PMID- 6222104 TI - Kinin formation in hereditary angioedema plasma: evidence against kinin derivation from C2 and in support of "spontaneous" formation of bradykinin. AB - Hereditary angioedema (HAE) is due to a functional deficiency of the inhibitor of the activated first component of complement (C1 INH). This abnormality is thought to be responsible for the generation of a kininlike peptide in HAE plasma that is derived from the second component of complement (C2). Specifically, a combination of C2 cleavage by C1s and C2 fragment cleavage by plasmin has been reported to generate a kinin that is distinguishable from bradykinin. We have attempted to generate this peptide by activating the classical complement pathway by incubation of plasma with immune complexes and then adding plasmin or by incubating purified C1s with C4 and C2 and then adding either plasmin or trypsin. We performed a total of 13 experiments, and in no case was a kininlike molecule generated as assessed by contraction of the estrus rat uterus. However, incubation of EDTA-treated HAE plasma at 37 degrees C for time intervals up to 1 hr progressively generated a smooth muscle-contracting activity. This activity was resistant to tryptic digestion but was destroyed after incubation with carboxypeptidase B, an inhibition profile consistent with that of bradykinin. We therefore propose that bradykinin alone, or in combination with other factors heretofore unrecognized, might be responsible for the swelling that is characteristic of hereditary angioedema. PMID- 6222105 TI - Assessment of viral disinfection by means of bacteriophage OX 174. AB - A method was developed for evaluating the viricidal effectiveness of chemical disinfectants. The method uses the DNA bacteriophage phi X 174 (ATCC 13706-B1), whose host is Escherichia coli C (ATCC 13706-1), as the model virus. The bacteriophage has particles of icosahedral symmetry, 26 nm in diameter, and resembles animal entero- and parvoviruses by its resistance to physicochemical factors. Disinfection effectiveness was evaluated in suspension medium and on carriers of different materials that are disinfected in practice. The Horvath Alfoldi method on plexiglass panels containing 21 dishes of 40-mm diameter and 2 mm depth was used. A volume of 0.2 ml of phage suspension or one flat carrier 25 mm X 25 mm was put per panel dish and overlaid with 3 ml of dissolved soft agar medium containing at 37 degrees C, quantitatively as VE = log (No/Nd) in suspension tests and semiquantitatively on a 0-5 scale in tests on carrier materials. The viricidal effect of disinfectant-containing washing agents was tested on textile carriers during washing in an experimental washing machine. The method can be adjusted to evaluate the viricidal effectiveness of disinfection under different environmental conditions, e.g. in sanitary, agricultural, veterinary or food-industry facilities. PMID- 6222106 TI - Enhancement of the mixed lymphocyte reaction by in vivo treatment of stimulator spleen cells with anti-IgD antibody. AB - The injection of anti-IgD antibody into mice has been shown to increase the expression of Ia antigens on splenic B cells. These antigens are the most potent lymphocyte-activating determinants (LAD) that trigger proliferation in an H-2 defined mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) and may play a role in the recognition of minor lymphocyte-stimulating (MIs) determinants. Therefore, we wished to investigate a possible correlation between apparent quantitative alterations in B cell Ia expression after anti-IgD activation with changes in the functional capacity to present allogeneic major histocompatibility complex (MHC) and MIs antigens to responsive T cells. We observed that the capacity of splenocytes removed 24 hr after the in vivo injection of anti-IgD to stimulate T cell proliferation across an H-2 barrier was most frequently enhanced two- to fourfold when a suboptimal concentration of stimulator cells was used or an early time point in the MLR was examined. In contrast, the capacity of splenocytes to stimulate across an MIsa, d difference after exposure to heterologous or hybridoma anti-IgD antibody often was increased 10-fold or more. Optimal MLR stimulatory capacity was induced by injection of 100 to 200 micrograms of heterologous anti-IgD. Augmented MIs stimulatory capacity of spleen cells peaked 24 hr after such treatment and continued to decline from this value at day 3 and at day 7 after injection. In contrast, the H-2 stimulatory capacity increased 1 day after injection of anti-IgD and remained at that elevated level 3 and 7 days after injection. The spleen cells from B cell-defective (CBA/N x DBA/2)F1 male mice were unaffected in their capacity to stimulate across an MIsa barrier after in vivo anti-IgD treatment; however, spleen cells from phenotypically normal (DBA/2 x CBA/N)F1 male mice after exposure to anti-IgD did evidence a considerably enhanced ability to stimulate in an MIsa-defined MLR. Because anti IgD antibodies presumably have their major initial effect on surface IgD-bearing B cells, these studies suggest that anti-immunoglobulin-activated B cells may have a role (direct or indirect via interaction with accessory cells) in the presentation of allogeneic MHC and MIs antigens to responsive T cells. PMID- 6222107 TI - Two distinct suppressor T cells acting in concert cause suppression of cytolytic T lymphocyte (CTL) response to hapten-altered self in vivo. AB - The participation of two subpopulations of suppressor T cells (Ts) active in the suppression of hapten-specific contact sensitivity (CS) was investigated in the down-regulation of in vivo development of CTL to hapten-altered self. We have shown that Ts efferent (Ts-eff) cell that is induced by tolerizing mice with an i.v. injection of hapten-coupled syngeneic spleen cells, and the auxiliary Ts cell (Ts-aux), which is generated by dermal application of hapten, together suppress the generation of CTL. Thus, when tolerant mice possessing Ts-eff cells were concomitantly sensitized for CTL and CS (which causes the arisal of Ts-aux and TDTH effector cells), the development of CTL was suppressed. Furthermore, adoptive transfer of lymph node cells from dermally sensitized mice into tolerant mice also suppressed the CTL response. Use of lymph node cells from mice pretreated with cyclophosphamide before dermal sensitization and therefore lacking Ts-aux cells was not efficient in suppressing the CTL response. Thus, neither Ts-eff alone nor TDTH in conjunction with Ts-aux were capable of suppressing the development of CTL. In addition to supporting the view that the in vivo generation of CTL is suppressed when both Ts-eff and Ts-aux cells are present, the data indicate that suppressor cells operational for one T cell mediated response (CS) are equally functional for a separate unrelated one (CTL). PMID- 6222108 TI - Effect of rat alveolar lining material on macrophage receptors. AB - Resident alveolar macrophages of many rat strains lack detectable C receptors and cannot carry out C-mediated bacterial attachment and phagocytosis. It has not been established whether this lack of functional receptors is innate or is acquired by contact with the alveolar microenvironment. In the present studies, peritoneal macrophages treated with lavage under conditions designed to maintain viability and adherence to glass showed loss of detectability of C and Fc receptors. Depending on the concentration of lavage and the time allowed for recovery, this effect appeared to be reversible. Continued incubation of peritoneal macrophages with lavage fluid led to loss of adherence to glass and cell death. Lavage-treated 51Cr-labeled macrophages rapidly released radiolabel. Although transmission electron micrographs of lavage-treated peritoneal macrophages appeared normal, micrographs prepared with freeze-fracture techniques revealed clumping and asymmetric distribution of the intramembrane particles. Similar membrane abnormalities were present in untreated resident alveolar macrophages. The anti-receptor effect of rat lavage was not species-specific and lung lavage fluid from dogs, rabbits, and mice affected receptor detectability on rat macrophages. The anti-receptor factor in rat lavage was localized to the surfactant-containing fraction and was stable on heating at 60 degrees C. It was resistant to trypsin and partitioned into chloroform in the Bligh-Dyer extraction procedure, suggesting that it was a lipid. Purified diacyl phospholipids had no effect on macrophage receptors, but purified lysophospholipids mimicked many of the effects of surfactant. We conclude that lipids in the alveolar lining material affect alveolar macrophage membranes and receptor function. PMID- 6222109 TI - The mixed epidermal cell-lymphocyte reaction. I. Human epidermal cells elicit a greater allogeneic lymphocyte response than do autologous peripheral blood lymphoid cells. AB - In contrast to studies by other investigators, it was observed that epidermal cells isolated from flexor forearm skin of normal adult human volunteers are consistently superior to autologous peripheral blood mononuclear cells in triggering allogeneic lymphocytes to undergo blastogeneic transformation. Stimulator cell dilution studies revealed an eightfold greater allogeneic lymphocyte-stimulating potency for epidermal cells when compared to autologous peripheral blood mononuclear cells. This difference was shown not to have resulted from enzyme exposure during cell isolation procedures or suppressor cells present in the stimulator peripheral blood mononuclear cell populations. Our technique for isolating epidermal cells is straightforward and is harmless enough to make it reasonable to consider using the mixed epidermal cell lymphocyte reaction in matching human allograft donors and recipients. PMID- 6222110 TI - Interleukin 2-dependent natural killer (NK) cell lines from patients with primary T cell immunodeficiencies. AB - Bulk cultured cell lines with natural killer (NK) activity were derived by in vitro culture with interleukin 2-containing conditioned medium (IL 2-CM) of peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes (PBL) from patients with primary T cell deficiencies. Lines were developed from three patients with severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) and one patient with Nezelof's syndrome and contained several populations of cells with distinct phenotypes. All lines contained a cell population expressing the Leu-5 (50K) (sheep red blood cell receptor), 3A1 (40K), and OKT10 antigens, but lacking the pan T cell antigens Leu-1 (67K) and Leu-4 (19K) as well as the markers of T cell subsets Leu-2a (32K) and Leu-3a (56K). These cells failed to express the Leu-7 antigen and only weakly expressed OKM1. In addition, one line contained a population of Leu-5+, 3A1+, OKT10+, Leu-2a+, Leu 1-, and Leu 4- cells. Three of the lines also contained populations with classic T cell (Leu-1 and-Leu 4+) phenotypes. The lines were enriched in NK activity compared with the PBL from which they were derived. Their growth was strictly dependent on IL 2-CM. Highly purified IL 2, lacking any other detectable protein contaminants or lymphokine activities, was capable of supporting the growth of the Leu-5+, 3A1+ "null" cell populations from these lines without alteration in their functional activity or phenotype. Thus, studies of in vitro expanded cell lines from patients with severe disorders of T cell function and thymic involution indicate that this "null" cell population does not require thymic maturation to develop its effector function. This "null" cell population can be maintained in vitro in the presence of IL 2. This finding is analogous to the data obtained from study of NK cells in athymic (nude) mice. PMID- 6222111 TI - Immunologic effects of interleukin 2 in primary immunodeficiency diseases. AB - Five children with primary deficiencies of T cell function were studied to assess the effects of highly purified exogenous Interleukin 2 (IL 2) on their in vitro T cell responses. The lymphocytes from one child with Nezelof's T cell deficiency demonstrated absence of endogenous IL 2 production and improved proliferative responses to mitogen or alloantigen in the presence of exogenous IL 2. Moreover, during in vitro mixed lymphocyte culture in the presence of exogenous IL 2, his lymphocytes were able to develop into cytotoxic effector cells. A second child with Nezelof's syndrome demonstrated a different type of defect. The lymphocytes from this child had less impairment of endogenous IL 2 production. Although IL 2 increased the proliferation of his cells in response to PHA, similar augmentation was not seen after stimulation with OKT3 or alloantigen. In cell-mediated cytotoxicity assays, after mixed lymphocyte culture, natural killer-like activity was strongly boosted in the cultures that contained IL 2, but T cell-mediated cytotoxicity was not. The lymphocytes from three patients with severe combined immunodeficiency did not show improved proliferative responses in the presence of IL 2. Thus, only one of the five patients demonstrated the combination of defective endogenous IL 2 production, but preservation of the ability to respond appropriately to exogenous IL 2. This child may therefore have suffered from a T cell defect pathophysiologically similar to that seen in nude or aged mice. PMID- 6222112 TI - Defective production of interleukin 1 and interleukin 2 in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). AB - The objective of this study was to define some causes of the immunologic impairment characteristic of systemic lupus erythematosus. Blood mononuclear cells from 19 patients were stimulated to produce interleukin 1 and interleukin 2 and compared with controls. A severe defect in both IL 1 and IL 2 activity was observed. The low cytokine levels did not correlate with clinical or serologic activity of disease. These defects could not be explained by concurrent corticosteroid therapy. There was no correlation between a lower number of OKT4+ cells observed in these patients and the levels of IL 2 production, nor did removal of monocytes bring IL 2 to normal. Impaired IL 2 production could not be restored to normal by IL 1. The observed deficiency in these regulatory cytokines may therefore be a primary defect that is important in the pathogenesis of this disorder. PMID- 6222113 TI - Neoplastic cells obtained from Hodgkin's disease are potent stimulators of human primary mixed lymphocyte cultures. AB - Neoplastic cells obtained from the pleural effusion of a patient with Hodgkin's disease have been maintained in culture since 1978. These tumor cells have been shown to have the cytologic features, cytochemical staining, and cell surface markers of Reed-Sternberg cells. In this study we demonstrate that the cell line termed L428 is a potent stimulator of the primary human mixed lymphocyte reaction. Significant proliferation occurred when mononuclear leukocytes obtained from normal donors were stimulated with radiated L428 cells at responder:stimulator ratios varying from 200:1 to 20:1. Proliferative responses occurred between days 3 and 6 of the cultures with maximal proliferation on day 5. Under optimal culture conditions, mean net proliferative response of 14 normal donors was 51,000 +/- 10,600 dpm. The mixed lymphocyte response was totally blocked by concentrations of monoclonal anti-Ia antibody that had no effect on concanavalin A-induced proliferation. However, the mixed lymphocyte response was not blocked by an anti-K562 cell monoclonal antibody of the same immunoglobulin subclass that binds to the L428 cells. Antigen processing by responder monocytes or Ia-positive cells was not required for the MLC. When responder T cells from two normals were depleted of Ia-bearing cells and monocytes, the mixed lymphocyte reaction between the two normals was eliminated, yet the stimulation of each normal by the L428 cells was not reduced. The cells that proliferated in response to stimulation by the L428 cells were T cells, primarily of the helper subset. No IL 1 activity could be detected in concentrated supernatants of L428 cultures after stimulation of L428 cells by mitogens, phorbol esters, or muramyl dipeptide, or in the MLC. All of these cultures contain fetal calf serum. However, the L428 cells are capable of producing IL 1, because IL 1 was detected when the L428 cells were stimulated with LPS in the absence of fetal calf serum. These neoplastic cells, obtained from Hodgkin's disease, have many similarities to the murine as well as human dendritic cells. PMID- 6222114 TI - The role of interleukin 1 in human B cell activation: inhibition of B cell proliferation and the generation of immunoglobulin-secreting cells by an antibody against human leukocytic pyrogen. AB - The role of factors released by monocytes (M phi) in the activation of human B lymphocytes was examined by studying the effect of an antiserum against human leukocytic pyrogen (LP) on mitogen-stimulated B cell proliferation and the generation of immunoglobulin-secreting cells (ISC) by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBM). Antiserum against LP was obtained from rabbits immunized with LP-containing human M phi supernatants. The globulin fraction of this antiserum inhibited pokeweed mitogen- (PWM) stimulated B cell proliferation and the generation of ISC in a concentration-dependent manner, with 50% inhibition of responsiveness observed with 10 micrograms/ml. By contrast, PWM-induced T cell [3H]thymidine incorporation was not inhibited by concentrations of anti-LP as great as 2000 micrograms/ml. The F(ab')2 fraction of anti-LP also inhibited the generation of ISC in response to both PWM and formalinized Staphylococcus aureus, but required 50 micrograms/ml to achieve 50% inhibition. Anti-LP inhibited the generation of ISC only if present during the first 24 hr of a 6 to 7-day incubation; later addition was not inhibitory. Inhibition was more marked in cultures partially depleted of M phi than in whole PBM cultures. Whereas absorption of the anti-LP with PBM failed to remove the capacity to inhibit the generation of ISC, anti-LP-mediated inhibition of responsiveness could be reversed by the addition of crude M phi culture supernatants or a variety of highly purified interleukin 1 (IL 1) preparations, but not by T cell supernatants. These results indicate anti-LP inhibits human B cell activation by removing the requisite M phi-derived factor IL 1 and also confirm that IL 1 plays an essential role in B cell proliferation and the generation of ISC in man. PMID- 6222115 TI - Suppressor cell induction factor: a new mediator released by stimulated human lymphocytes and distinct from previously described lymphokines. AB - Suppressor cell induction factor (SIF) was produced by alloantigen-stimulated human peripheral blood lymphocytes, and it activated human T cells to become effective suppressors of the mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR). The activity of SIF was resistant to 56 degrees C and to pH 2, and was precipitated by 50 to 80% saturated ammonium sulfate. SIF had a m.w. range, as determined by gel filtration, of 18,000 to 29,000; it did not bind to DEAE cellulose columns; and it was recovered in the pH range from 6.9 to 7.3 on isoelectric focusing. SIF was biochemically separable from IL 2, BF, IFN-gamma, and CSF. Furthermore, IL 2 activity was completely removed by absorption of MLC supernatants by murine cytotoxic T lymphocyte line (CTLL) cells, whereas SIF activity was unabsorbable, thus distinguishing SIF from IL 2. In addition, antiviral activity of MLC supernatants was completely abolished by anti-human IFN-gamma serum, whereas SIF activity was unaffected by this antiserum, thus distinguishing SIF from IFN gamma. Since treatment of these supernatants with antiserum against human lymphoblastoid cell IFN(alpha/beta) had no effect on either antiviral or SIF activities in these supernatants, SIF was also distinguishable from IFN alpha/beta. These results indicate that SIF is a distinct new lymphokine with the ability to induce suppressor function in human T cells. PMID- 6222116 TI - Production of a human T lymphocyte chemotactic factor by T cell subpopulations. AB - Concanavalin A-stimulated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells release a lymphocyte chemotactic factor. This lymphocyte chemotactic factor is produced optimally after 24 to 48 hr of culture and is not found before 3 hr of culture, which suggests that the factor is synthesized de novo and is not preformed and secreted after Con A stimulation. This is further supported by experiments showing that the protein synthesis inhibitors cycloheximide and puromycin totally prevent the production of the chemotactic factor. Experiments using cultured and uncultured T lymphocytes as responding cells show that cultured T cells respond more efficiently than uncultured T cells to this factor. Furthermore, the lymphocyte chemotactic factor preferentially stimulates T lymphocyte locomotion as compared to peripheral blood non-T lymphocyte migration. Fractionation of mononuclear cells into glass nonadherent lymphocytes, monocyte-enriched preparations, T lymphocytes, and non-T lymphocytes shows that lymphocyte chemotactic factor is produced by Con A-stimulated, glass nonadherent lymphocytes and T cells but not by monocytes or non-T lymphocytes. Further fractionation of T lymphocytes into Leu-2 and Leu-3 T cell subpopulations shows that the production of T lymphocyte chemotactic factor can be attributed to the Leu-2 suppressor/cytotoxic T cell subset. The generation of a T lymphocyte chemotactic factor by Leu-2 T cells may represent a means of recruiting other T cells to the site of its release. PMID- 6222117 TI - Surface-dependent modulation by H of C5 cleavage by the cell-bound alternative pathway C5 convertase of human complement. AB - Regulation by H of formation of the C3 and C5 alternative pathway convertases of complement on cells is dependent on such chemical characteristics of the cell surfaces as their membrane content in sialic acid. Properdin-stabilized C5 convertase sites were assembled on the non-activating cells of the alternative pathway, sheep erythrocytes (Es), and on the activating cells, desialated Es and rabbit erythrocytes (Er). C5 hemolytic sites were revealed by incubation of the convertase-bearing cells with limiting C5 and excess C6-C9. H inhibited generation of C5 hemolytic sites in a dose-related fashion on Es, Er, and desialated Es at molar ratios of H/C5 of 0.03 to 0.5. H similarly inhibited C5 utilization by the cell-bound C5 convertase on Es and desialated Es regardless of the cell membrane sialic acid content; however, H was three to five times less effective on Er. Kinetic experiments also suggested that C5 hemolytic sites are generated more rapidly on Er than on Es and desialated Es. The inhibition effect of H was independent of the number of C5 convertase sites per cell on all cell types; two to three times more residual hemolytic sites were found on convertase bearing Es that had been incubated with C5 and H as compared with cells that had been decayed by H before incubation with C5. Furthermore, H also inhibited C5 interaction with a preformed classical pathway C5 convertase. These results suggest that H interacts with C5 so as to alter C5 binding and/or cleavage by the cell-bound C5 alternative pathway convertase. Sialic acid-independent modulation by H of C5 cleavage by the C5 convertase represents an additional regulatory step in the activation of the human alternative complement pathway. PMID- 6222118 TI - C3 receptors on human lymphocyte subsets and recruitment of ADCC effector cells by C3 fragments. AB - The presence of C3 receptors on human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) and on the ADCC-exhibiting subset (K cells) thereof was analyzed by rosetting with bovine erythrocytes (Eb) or chicken erythrocytes (Ec) carrying human C3b, C3bi, or C3d. The indicator cells were coated with 20,000 to 100,000 C3 fragments, obtained by C3 activation with purified proteins of the alternative pathway and trypsin treatment. ADCC was studied at the cellular level by means of a plaque assay, with complement-free or complement-carrying indicator cells as targets. Of the total lymphocytes, 12 to 14% bound EC3b; 6 to 8%, EC3bi; and approximately 2%, EC3d. Surface marker analysis indicated that approximately 75% of the C3b binding lymphocytes in PBL were either B or null cells and approximately 60% of the C3bi-binding cells were T cells, as characterized by the monoclonal antibodies OKT3 and OKT4 or by presence of receptors for Helix pomatia hemagglutinin. Of the K cells, which constituted from 5 to 10% of the total lymphocytes, approximately 20% bound C3b; 30 to 35%, C3bi; and 7 to 8%, C3d. Here the majority of the C3b binders were null cells, and the majority of the C3bi and C3d binders were T cells. Only one-third of the C3b-binding K cells and one-fifth of the C3bi-binding K cells bound both fragments. The nature of these double binding cells is unknown. In contrast, all C3d-binding K cells bound C3bi as well. C3 fragment-carrying target cells did not induce K cell-mediated lysis in the absence of anti-target antibodies but strongly enhanced ADCC in the presence of sublytic concentrations of such antibodies. The rank order for C3 fragment induced enhancement was C3bi greater than C3d greater than C3b. It reflected the relative proportions of effector cells binding the different fragments. Enhancement was the expression of effector cell recruitment rather than of increased cytolytic activity of individual K cells. This recruitment was selective in that C3b-carrying target cells primarily recruited effector cells of null type, binding C3b, while C3bi- or C3d-carrying targets primarily recruited C3bi and/or C3d-binding K cells of T gamma type. Thus, these experiments show directly at the effector cell level that cell-bound C3 fragments constitute important recognition structures, which strongly amplify ADCC both by recruiting the proper effector cells into the cytolytic reaction and by very significantly decreasing the antibody concentration needed for its induction. PMID- 6222119 TI - Regulation of cell-mediated immunity in cryptococcosis. II. Characterization of first-order T suppressor cells (Ts1) and induction of second-order suppressor cells. AB - Cryptococcosis patients frequently have high levels of cryptococcal antigen in their body fluids, and the levels of circulating antigen can generally be used to predict the patient's recovery, with high or rising antigen titers indicating a poor prognosis and low or decreasing levels a good prognosis. In a previous study, we reported on a murine model for studying the effects of cryptococcal antigen on host defense mechanisms. In that work, we demonstrated that an i.v. injection of cryptococcal antigen (CneF) into CBA/J mice, to simulate the antigenemia known to occur in human cryptococcosis, induced a population of T suppressor cells (Ts1) in the lymph nodes (LN). Upon adoptive transfer, the Ts1 cells specifically suppressed the afferent limb of the delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) response to cryptococcal antigen. In the present study, we show that the precursors of the Ts1 cells are sensitive to low-dose cyclophosphamide treatment and that the phenotype of the Ts1 cells is Lyt-1+, Ia+ (I-J+). LN cells from CneF-injected mice or a soluble factor derived therefrom can induce in the spleens of recipient mice a second-order suppressor cell population that suppresses the efferent limb of the DTH response. The cells that induce the second-order or efferent suppressor cells have the same phenotype as the cells that appear to suppress the afferent limb of the DTH response. The findings in this study indicate that a complex regulatory mechanism is responsible for the observed suppression of the DTH response in this infectious disease model. Furthermore, the suppressive circuit thus far defined for cryptococcal antigen is similar to the antigen-specific suppressor cell pathway outlined for certain chemically defined haptenic systems. PMID- 6222120 TI - Alterations in lymphocyte homing patterns within mice exposed to ultraviolet radiation. AB - This report presents the results of an investigation designed to establish whether exposure of mice to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is capable of influencing the factors that control the distribution of lymphoid cells in vivo. We found that such exposure resulted in a dramatic and long-lasting increase in the tropism of peripheral lymph nodes for circulating lymphoid cells. Termination of UVR exposure did not result in a reversal of this phenomenon. Since an increase in lymphocyte migration into the lymph nodes of UVR-exposed mice was apparent within 2 hr of infusion of the radiolabeled cells, we conclude that the homing assay data reflect a relatively increased binding of circulating lymphocytes to high endothelial venules (HEV) within the lymph nodes of irradiated animals. A histologic analysis of skin from UVR-exposed mice established that the dermal microvasculature had expanded in terms of size and number of vessels, a condition that also does not completely reverse after the termination of treatments. In spite of the increase in dermal microvasculature, very few inflammatory cells were detected in the irradiated skin site. These observations support our conclusion that the enhanced traffic of lymphocytes into peripheral lymph nodes of UVR-exposed mice occurs primarily via lymphocyte-HEV interactions rather than afferent drainage of the irradiated skin. PMID- 6222121 TI - Isolation of a rabbit IgG fraction with cytophilic properties. AB - About 15% of rabbit IgG loaded on a column of Con A-Sepharose 4B was found to be specifically bound to the column due to a structural variation in its carbohydrate moiety. The Con A-retained rabbit IgG contained a higher amount of neutral hexoses than the initial IgG but its molecular weight, antigenic structure and half-life were identical or similar. The Con A-retained rabbit IgG has an affinity for the Fc receptor-bearing homologous macrophages which is 10 times higher than that of the initial IgG. The IgG fraction not retained on Con A Sepharose is practically devoid of binding ability. These results suggest that the Con A-bound IgG may represent the cytophilic fraction of monomeric IgG responsible for the binding of IgG to Fc receptor-bearing cells. PMID- 6222122 TI - Poison ivy dermatitis in winter with an example of filial contact dermatitis. PMID- 6222123 TI - Ultraviolet radiation inhibits alloantigen presentation by epidermal cells: partial reversal by the soluble epidermal cell product, epidermal cell-derived thymocyte-activating factor (ETAF). AB - It has been postulated that ultraviolet radiation (UVR) alters antigen presentation by macrophages. This is thought to be due, in part, to inhibition of macrophage-derived interleukin 1 (IL-1), which is a hormone-like factor with immunoregulatory functions. Conventional stimulator cells for antigen presentation are macrophages; however, other cell types such as epidermal Langerhans cells are capable of antigen presentation. Keratinocytes also play a role in the immune system by providing a factor with IL-1-like activity, termed Epidermal cell-derived Thymocyte-Activating Factor (ETAF). The purpose of this study was to determine whether UVR affects alloantigen presentation by epidermal cells and if so, whether the UV-induced change is due to UVR alteration in ETAF activity. Epidermal cells from UV-treated BALB/c mice (UV-EC) or from non-UV treated mice (EC) were x-irradiated and then cocultured for 5 days with allogeneic T cells from C57Bl/6 mice. UV-EC caused less T-cell stimulation than did EC from non-UV-treated animals. When chromatography purified fractions of ETAF were added to cultured UV-EC, partial restoration of T-cell stimulation was seen. These results suggest that this UV-induced defect in alloantigen presentation is due, in part, to decreased ETAF activity. PMID- 6222124 TI - [The analysis of immunosuppressive substance derived from choriocarcinoma cell lines]. AB - By virtue of the release of myriad metabolites from tumor cells into the tumor bearing host, malignant transformed cells may escape from the host immune surveillance system. One of the mechanisms for such an escape phenomenon may be mediated by the activation of the host's suppressor pathway. To analyze the immunosuppressive circuit by means of a tumor cell-derived factor, we have used the choriocarcinoma cell lines as a model and obtained the following experimental results. 1. In the choriocarcinoma cell lines' supernatant, we found two distinct factors: One was an immunosuppressive factor and the other was a non-specific lymphocyte proliferating factor. 2. The immunosuppressive factor induced the suppressor T cell which produced the potent suppressor T cell factor in the human and mouse system. 3. The immunosuppressive activity was found to have a strong affinity for the Fc portion of IgG. This factor was therefore suggested to be a Fc gamma receptor-like molecule. 4. The supernatant derived from various human cancer cell lines also contained similar Fc gamma receptor-like molecules. The pathophysiological significance of the immunosuppressive factor derived from tumor cells will be discussed in the context of the immunosuppression widely seen in the tumor-bearing state, and the properties of the substance will be related with the Fc-binding immunosuppressive factor derived from normal trophoblast. PMID- 6222125 TI - Histological findings following oestrogen treatment of hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia. A controlled double-blind investigation. AB - In a controlled investigation of 22 patients with hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia, an evaluation has been carried out of the connective tissue content of muco-substances prior to and after treatment with oral oestrogen (oestradiol valerate 4 mg. daily). The clinical condition of the patients, all of whom had haemorrhagic anaemia, was evaluated by the frequency of epistaxis and by blood analyses. No effect of treatment could be demonstrated by means of histochemical, clinical or laboratory methods. PMID- 6222126 TI - Post-surgical sacroiliac joint syndrome. AB - The sacroiliac joint can give rise to a syndrome of buttock and leg pain which is often difficult to differentiate from other causes of low--back pain. In some cases the syndrome may go unrecognized and may be a contributing factor in failed low-back surgery. The syndrome often occurs in the presence of lumbar spine disorders and may continue to cause pain after successful conservative or surgical treatment to the lumbar spine. The purpose of this paper is to review the anatomy, biomechanics, pathology, diagnosis and treatment of sacroiliac syndrome. Three case studies are presented to illustrate some of the main features of the syndrome, particularly in patients that have undergone previous spinal surgery. PMID- 6222127 TI - Objective electromyographic evidence for use and effects of lift therapy. AB - Thirty nine subjects with chronic low back complaints which were unresponsive to other conservative therapies were tested by postural loading electromyography (EMG) to assess their possible response to lift therapy. Of the 35 subjects included in the study, seven (20%) showed no alteration of their muscular asymmetry during stance with either heel of ischial supports placed unilaterally; 18 (51%) of the remaining 28 subjects demonstrated a balancing of the paraspinal activity as a result of the use of heel lifts, while all 28 (80%) were balanced by an ischial support. It was concluded that lift placement by EMG criteria is more accurate than customary radiographic methods of assessing pelvic tilt and/or sacral unleveling. Further study of EMG lift placement, as well as other possible applications, is warranted. PMID- 6222128 TI - Lateral recess syndrome: diagnosis and chiropractic management. AB - The Lateral Recess Syndrome (LRS) represents stenosis of the lateral subarticular gutter that will often lead to nerve root compression. The most common etiology is hypertrophy of the superior articular facets, associated with lumbar instability and arthrosis of the posterior joint complex. The diagnosis may be made clinically with a routine lumbosacral x-ray series, but is not definitive without the use of CT scanning. Recent studies indicate that spinal manipulation can provide relief and should be considered before surgical referral is made for decompression. PMID- 6222129 TI - The impact of an ECG computer analysis program on the cardiologist's interpretation. A cooperative study. AB - Nine experienced electrocardiographers and the ECG computer program developed in the Veterans Administration (AVA 4.0) were evaluated against ECG-independent evidence of 180 patients' true diagnoses. A cross section of cardiac abnormalities was included. Each reader was given the 12-lead and orthogonal 3 lead ECG. The impact of ECG computer reports on the interpretations by the nine readers was evaluated by comparing their interpretations before and after the addition of a computer report. Using only high probability statements, the average accuracy of ECG diagnosis by the nine readers was 54%. It increased to 62% when the computer report was added. Computer interpretation was correct in 76%. It was shown that the Bayesian classification method together with multivariate analysis, used in the VA program, are mainly responsible for the improvement in diagnostic accuracy. PMID- 6222130 TI - Isolated and complicated left anterior fascicular block: a review of suggested electrocardiographic criteria. AB - The electrocardiographic criteria for isolated left anterior fascicular block are reviewed and illustrated. Left anterior fascicular block decreases the voltage in the chest leads and increases the voltage in the limb leads. The usual voltage criteria of left ventricular hypertrophy must be modified appropriately. Changes in repolarization include a decrease in the T wave of leads I and AVL and an increase in leads II, III, AVF, V5 and V6. Small Q waves in V2 may simulate an anteroseptal myocardial infarction. Three criteria for the possible diagnosis of superimposed inferior myocardial infarction have been suggested. Both inferior and anterior myocardial infarctions may be masked by R waves replacing Q waves. In the presence of a recent anterior infarction, right bundle branch block may also be masked. Thus, left anterior fascicular block may mask or mimic infarction and left ventricular hypertrophy and mask right bundle branch block in the setting of an acute anterior myocardial infarction. PMID- 6222131 TI - Induction of cytotoxic T cell precursors in vivo. Role of T helper cells. AB - Strain AS rats respond with two populations of cytotoxic T lymphocytes to stimulation in vitro by the major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-incompatible strain HL rat tumor (HL-A2T2). One is specific for MHC alloantigens present on both HL-A2T2 and normal HL targets, the other is tumor specific. The activation of these killer cells requires helper T lymphocytes. The tumor-specific helper cells depend on syngeneic radioresistant accessory cells to present the tumor antigens in an immunogenic form. The appropriate helper-accessory cell interaction results in the production of soluble factors which then induce the maturation of precursor cells into effective killer cells. Studies with a procedure for inducing negative selection of T cells in vivo showed that short term exposure to HL-A2T2 tumor induced selection only for TH but not cytotoxic T lymphocyte precursors (CTLp). Simultaneous injection of supernatants from concanavalin A-activated spleen cell cultures, however, did produce selection of CTLp. These and other findings suggest that under normal circumstances in vivo, both signals (recognition of antigen and acceptance of maturation factors) are provided in the vicinity of an antigen presenting macrophage-like accessory cell. PMID- 6222132 TI - Impaired fc-mediated mononuclear phagocyte system clearance in HLA-DR2 and MT1 positive healthy young adults. AB - Normal individuals with an HLA haplotype containing either DR2, MT1, or B8/DR3 are more likely to have abnormally prolonged Fc receptor-mediated mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS) clearance of IgG-sensitized autologous erythrocytes than their normal counterparts without such haplotypes. Although measurement of Fc receptor binding by rosette formation and saturable IgG aggregate binding revealed no differences among groups, Fc receptor-mediated phagocytosis of IgG sensitized bovine erythrocytes by monocytes was decreased in the DR2-positive and MT1-positive individuals. The basal in vivo MPS clearance in normal individuals may be immunogenetically determined and may reflect differences in phagocytic rates. PMID- 6222133 TI - Induction of idiotype-specific suppressor T cells with antigen/antibody complexes. AB - The effects of immune complexes on the antibody response of BALB/c mice to Streptococcus pneumoniae R36a (Pn) were investigated. The cell wall polysaccharide (PnC) extracted from Pn was used to form complexes with TEPC-15, a myeloma protein that binds to phosphorylcholine determinants on the PnC. Complexes formed at equivalence were cultured with splenic T cells from BALB/c mice for 2 d, and then the cells were added to fresh BALB/c spleen cell cultures to test their effect on the antibody response to Pn, a response dominated by the T15 idiotype family. The results indicate that TEPC-15/PnC complexes induced potent suppressor T cells (Ts) whereas cells cultured with free antigen or free antibody alone had no effect on the plaque-forming cell response to Pn. The suppression was specific since the response to control antigens such as sheep erythrocytes was unaffected. The suppression appears to be idiotype-specific since the Ts had a relatively weak (and in some cases no) effect on the anti-Pn response of BALB/c mice that had been suppressed for T15 idiotopes by neonatal injection of a monoclonal anti-T15 antibody, MaId 5-4. Furthermore, cells cultured with TEPC-15/PnC complexes were shown to express specific receptors for TEPC-15 idiotopes. The results indicate that antigen/antibody complexes may have important immunoregulatory effects because they are potent inducers of idiotype specific Ts. PMID- 6222134 TI - A mechanism responsible for the induction of H-2 restricted second order suppressor T cells. AB - The mechanism by which I-J restrictions were imposed on second-order suppressor cells (Ts2) was analyzed. The induction of Ts2 cells requires presentation of an inducer suppressor factor by a specialized population of factor-presenting cells. The I-J phenotype of this factor-presenting population controls the H-2 restriction of the Ts2 cells. The splenic cells responsible for presenting inducer factor appear to be of macrophage or dendritic cell lineage. Several homologies exist between the mechanism responsible for the induction of H-2 restricted suppressor and helper T cells. Thus, the I region products on specialized presenting cells determine the specificity and genetic restrictions of the T cell. In an H-2 heterozygous F1 animal, two distinct populations of cells can be induced, one specific for each parental H-2 heplotype. Furthermore, the data suggest that the suppressor cells also bear receptors for self H-2 products. The ramifications of these observations for the suppressor cell cascade are discussed. PMID- 6222135 TI - Early development of the T cell repertoire. In vivo treatment of neonatal mice with anti-Ia antibodies interferes with differentiation of I-restricted T cells but not K/D-restricted T cells. AB - Monoclonal antibodies to I-Ak were injected into neonatal H-2k mice for a period of 3 wk. The spleens of such mice are devoid of Ia-positive cells. Allo- and trinitrophenyl (TNP)-self-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses in such anti-I-A-treated mice were almost completely abrogated at the end of the 2-3 wk in vivo treatment period. Development of suppressor cells, carry-over of blocking antibodies, lack of responder accessory cells, or defective CTL function were not responsible for the observed defect. As concanavalin A supernatant could restore the defect, it is more likely that the defect is due to the absence of competent Ia-specific T helper cells. In addition, anti-I-A-treated mice exhibit reduced I A antigen expression in the thymus and defective Ia-bearing accessory cell function in the spleen. It is postulated that, for development of Ia-specific T cells to occur, precursor T cells need to interact with Ia-encoded products in the thymus, and anti-Ia treatment interferes with this process. Finally, the mechanism of this interference was shown to be due to actual removal or functional inactivation of those I-A-positive elements responsible for the education of I-A-recognizing T cells, since in (H-2b X H-2k)F1 mice, treatment with anti-I-Ak antibodies results in abrogation of CTL responses to TNP in association with both parental haplotypes, while in the thymus of these mice expression of both I-Ak and I-Ab was reduced. PMID- 6222136 TI - Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria: deficiency in factor H-like functions of the abnormal erythrocytes. AB - Erythrocytes from patients with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) contained a subpopulation that lacked membrane-associated Factor H-like activity present on normal human erythrocytes. Initial deposition of C3b on the erythrocytes was effected using a fluid phase C3 convertase. The cells were then treated with fluorescein-labeled C3 and the cell-bound C3 convertase. Analysis utilizing the fluorescence-activated cell sorter revealed two distinct cell populations, one of which was highly fluorescent, indicating a large number of C3b molecules per cell. Only this population (43%) was susceptible to lysis (44%) when exposed to acidified serum before C3b deposition. The less fluorescent population resembled normal human erythrocytes and was not affected by prior treatment with acidified serum. Since C3b deposition occurred almost exclusively on the complement-sensitive cells in the PNH erythrocyte population, these cells could be examined for the Factor H-like regulatory activities without prior isolation. These functions include enhancement of inactivation of erythrocyte bound C3b by Factor I and acceleration of the decay of erythrocyte-bound C3 convertase, C3b,Bb. It was found that C3b on PNH erythrocytes was 100-fold less susceptible to inactivation by Factor I than C3b on normal human erythrocytes. The half-life at 22 degrees C of C3b,Bb on PNH erythrocytes was threefold greater than on normal human erythrocytes and similar to that of the enzyme bound to particles that do not possess Factor H-like activity. These observations suggest that the abnormal susceptibility of PNH erythrocytes to lysis by complement is due to a functional deficiency in one or more of the Factor H-like proteins present on normal human erythrocytes. PMID- 6222138 TI - Structural heterogeneity of the C3b/C4b receptor (Cr 1) on human peripheral blood cells. AB - In these studies CR 1 polymorphism previously demonstrated on erythrocytes (E) was also found on CR 1-bearing peripheral blood leukocytes including polymorphonuclear (PMN), eosinophils, monocytes, and B lymphocytes. However several cell-specific differences in CR1 were found: (a) an approximately 5,000 dalton increase in CR 1 on PMN and eosinophils, (b) unequal band intensity among heterozygotes suggests that there is preferential expression of 220,000- or 225,000-dalton receptors on leukocytes compared to E, and (c) "minor" bands, approximately 15,000 daltons larger than the major receptor molecule, were found on E but not on leukocytes. These observations constitute a unique example of heterogeneity of an integral membrane receptor. PMID- 6222137 TI - Expression of C5a-like biological activities by the fifth component of human complement (C5) upon limited digestion with noncomplement enzymes without release of polypeptide fragments. AB - Experimental conditions required for the expression of maximum C5 activation upon limited trypsin hydrolysis were determined to be 0.008 mol of trypsin/mol C5 in a reaction mixture containing 1 mg C5/ml veronal-buffered saline incubated at 37 degrees C for 30 min. Employing these optimal incubation conditions, the primary or preferred site of trypsin hydrolysis of the C5 alpha-chain resulted in the production of C5 alpha 1 (molecular weight, 90,000) and C5 alpha 5 (molecular weight, 25,000) fragments that remained disulfide bonded to the modified C5 molecule (C5'try). Detailed structural-functional analyses clearly indicated the trypsin-mediated conversion of the C5 alpha-chain to C5 alpha 1 and C5 alpha 5 was responsible for the acquisition of neutrophil lysosomal enzyme-releasing and chemotactic activities. Gel filtration column chromatography under physiological ionic strength, pH 7.4, or in the presence of 0.2% SDS further demonstrated that at least 90% of the total recoverable C5a-like biological activity was mediated by the 210,000 molecular weight forms of trypsin-modified C5. Other physiologically relevant, noncomplement protease enzymes (alpha-thrombin, plasmin, and elastase) also activated C5 to express C5a-like reactivities. Analysis of alpha-thrombin-induced, C5 alpha-chain cleavage events by SDS polyacrylamide slab gel electrophoresis indicated that the mechanism of alpha thrombin-activation of C5 is similar to that described for trypsin. Reconciliation of this novel mechanism of C5 activation by trypsin with previously published results, and a discussion of the biological significance of noncomplement enzyme-mediated activation of C5 as it might relate to inflammatory processes in vivo, was presented. PMID- 6222139 TI - Deficiency in suppressor T cell activity in aged animals. Reconstitution of this activity by interleukin 2. AB - Spleen cells derived from aged (30 mo) C57Bl/6 mice are shown to be deficient in the ability to generate suppressor cell activity in vitro. The addition of IL-2 to cultures containing aged cells restores this function to a large extent. PMID- 6222140 TI - Estimation of urinary unconjugated androstenedione, dehydroepiandrosterone, testosterone, cortisol, aldosterone and 18-hydroxycorticosterone as a potential tool for assessing adrenal status. AB - A method is described for the simultaneous assay of non-conjugated androstenedione, dehydroepiandrosterone, testosterone, cortisol, aldosterone and 18-hydroxycorticosterone in urine. The method involves solid-phase extraction, automatic high performance liquid chromatography and subsequent radioimmunological quantitation of the individual steroids. Excretion rates of these urinary free steroids were determined in normal males and females. There were no significant sex differences in excretion rates, although both urinary free testosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone were distinctly lower in females than in males. Representative measurements of the excretion rates of patients with Cushing's disease, Addison's disease, ectopic corticotropin syndrome and hirsutism were made. The present method has been shown to be well suited for routine purposes. Its final diagnostic significance for monitoring alterations in glucocorticoid, mineralocorticoid and androgenic activity of the adrenal cortex has yet to be explored. PMID- 6222141 TI - Category and word search: generalizing search principles to complex processing. AB - This research examines how the major phenomena of visual search for single characters generalize to word search and word-category search. Experiment 1 examined word and category visual search when the target and distractor sets had a varied mapping (VM) across trials. Reaction time was a linear function of the number of comparisons with a positive slope of 48 msec per word, 92 msec per category. The VM reaction time data indicated a self-terminating comparison process, and there was little or no improvement with practice. Experiment 2 examined search with a consistent mapping (CM) between targets and distractors. Category search slope dropped to 2 msec, and the function became nonlinear. Word search slope dropped to 18 msec, but the function became nonlinear. Word search slope dropped to 18 msec, but the function was still linear. Experiment 3 examined category detection carried out concurrently with serial recall of digits, allowing assessment of search performance under high workload. High workload caused a severe performance reduction in VM category search, and this decrement did not decrease with practice. High workload reduced initial performance in CM category search, but this decrement was eliminated with practice. The present category search results are similar to previous letter search results. Four principles of search are discussed in the context of a theory of automatic/control processing. PMID- 6222142 TI - Mental images of concealed objects: new evidence. PMID- 6222143 TI - Recognition memory for pictures as a function of poststimulus interval: an empirical clarification of existing literature. AB - Shaffer and Shiffrin (1972) found no effect of the duration of a blank poststimulus interval on recognition memory for visual scenes. The majority of subsequent studies, however, have found a positive relationship between interval duration and recognition accuracy. The present experiments were conducted to clarify these contradictory outcomes. Experiment 1 determined that Shaffer and Shiffrin's results are replicable with the method that they used in which stimulus durations and poststimulus-interval durations vary randomly within the study list. Experiments 2-3 showed that this random intermixing of durations is the critical factor that results in poststimulus interval having no effect. The results were interpreted in terms of a voluntary rehearsal process that is abandoned when there is uncertainty regarding the time of onset and offset of the stimuli. PMID- 6222144 TI - Schematic information, attention, and memory for places. AB - Recall and recognition of various aspects of three places were studied under incidental and intentional conditions. Data showed that subjects passing through a place incidentally remembered structural features such as walls better than variable features such as furniture. On the other hand, subjects passing through a place knowing they will be tested for memory of its remembered the variable elements better than the structural elements. The results are interpreted in terms of intentionally governed coding. PMID- 6222145 TI - Imagery in the congenitally blind: how visual are visual images? AB - Three experiments compared congenitally blind and sighted adults and children on tasks presumed to involve visual imagery in memory. In all three, the blind subjects' performances were remarkably similar to the sighted. The first two experiments examined Paivio's (1971) modality-specific imagery hypothesis. Experiment 1 used a paired-associate task with words whose referents were high in either visual or auditory imagery. The blind, like the sighted, recalled more high-visual-imagery pairs than any others. Experiment 2 used a free-recall task for words grouped according to modality-specific attributes, such as color and sound. The blind performed as well as the sighted on words grouped by color. In fact, the only consistent deficit in both experiments occurred for the sighted in recall of words whose referents are primarily auditory. These results challenge Paivio's theory and suggest either (a) that the visual imagery used by the sighted is no more facilitating than the abstract semantic representations used by the blind or (b) that the sighted are not using visual imagery. Experiment 3 used Neisser and Kerr's (1973) imaging task. Subjects formed images of scenes in which target objects were described as either visible in the picture plane or concealed by another object and thus not visible. On an incidental recall test for the target objects, the blind, like the sighted, recalled more pictorial than concealed targets. This finding suggests that the haptic images of the blind maintain occlusion just as the visual images of the sighted do. PMID- 6222146 TI - Effects of suggestibility and hypnosis on accurate and distorted retrieval from memory. AB - Research investigated the hypothesis inferred from the theorizing of Loftus that suggestibility is related to the tendency to incorporate incorrect information into memory when this information has been subtly introduced after the to-be remembered events have occurred. Specifically, it was predicted that if level of suggestibility is theoretically relevant to subjects' acceptance of misleading information, then more subjects who are highly hypnotically suggestible than those with a low level of hypnotic suggestibility will incorporate the incorrect information into memory. Hypnotic as compared with waking instruction should enhance this distortion effect by providing a context of testing in which subjects are readily prone to respond positively to suggestions. Eight independent groups of 12 subjects were tested. Separate groups of subjects of high and low suggestibility were presented with misleading or neutral information about a wallet-snatching incident and tested for memory under either waking or hypnotic instruction. Analysis of subjects' memory distortions indicated that suggestibility plays a somewhat different role than has been argued previously. The magnitude of distortion that was observed varied according to the stimulus features that were studied, but hypnotic suggestibility was not associated with the distortion effect. Despite the fact that hypnosis did not enhance recall in any way, subjects were frequently confident that distorted memories recovered under hypnosis were accurate. PMID- 6222148 TI - Further evidence of interference between lipreading and auditory recency. AB - In both free and backward recall, it is shown that auditory but not visual recency is greatly disrupted when subjects have to lipread, rather than read, a series of numbers in a distractor task interpolated between list presentation and recall. This selective interference effect extends the generality of a finding reported by Spoehr and Corin (1978) and adds to an accumulating body of evidence that seems inconsistent with acoustic or echoic memory interpretations of the enhanced recency recall typically observed in comparing auditory with visual presentation. Alternative interpretations are briefly considered. PMID- 6222147 TI - Backward masking, the suffix effect, and preperceptual storage. AB - This article considers the use of auditory backward recognition masking (ABRM) and stimulus suffix experiments as indexes of preperceptual auditory storage. In the first part of the article, two ABRM experiments that failed to demonstrate a mask disinhibition effect found previously in stimulus suffix experiments are reported. The failure to demonstrate mask disinhibition is inconsistent with an explanation of ABRM in terms of lateral inhibition. In the second part of the article, evidence is presented to support the conclusion that the suffix effect involves the contributions of later processing stages and does not provide an uncontaminated index of preperceptual storage. In contrast, it is claimed that ABRM experiments provide the most direct index of the temporal course of perceptual recognition. Partial-report tasks and other paradigms are also evaluated in terms of their contributions to an understanding of preperceptual auditory storage. Differences between interruption and integration masking are discussed along with the role of preperceptual auditory storage in speech perception. PMID- 6222149 TI - Presentation- and test-trial effects on acquisition and retention of distance and location. AB - Acquisition and retention effects of presentation and test trials on movement distance (Experiment 1) and location (Experiment 2) were examined under three multitrial training methods. Three groups of 15 government employees performed three training trial cycles consisting of six trials each. Training methods emphasized either presentation-trial repetition, test-trial repetition, or presentation- and test-trial alternation within cycles. After training, both short- (3 min.) and long-term (24 hr.) retention scores were recorded. Absolute error revealed that (a) presentation-trial repetition promoted acquisition of both distance and location but resulted in extensive short- and long-term forgetting; (b) test-trial repetition produced error increases within cycles, potentiated presentation-trial effectiveness during acquisition, and enhanced long-term retention of both distance and location; (c) presentation- and test trial alternation promoted distance and location acquisition and produced distance retention intermediate to that of the other two methods. Experiment 3 provided data to support the interpretation that test-trial retention benefits are a function of movement execution mode. PMID- 6222150 TI - Recall versus recognition: a methodological note. AB - Some current investigators have made direct comparisons of recognition performance with cued recall. In other instances, indirect comparisons of recognition and recall have been made by observing the difference in recognition performance with different types of target material, for example, high- and low frequency words; this difference has been then compared with the difference obtained when recall is used to measure retention of the same type of target materials. Finally, some experimenters have examined how recognition performance is related to the type of target material that is used, for example, words, pictures, and so on. The results obtained from all of these studies have been used to make inferences about the nature of the memorial process. We have attempted to call attention to the generally accepted but neglected finding that performance on any recognition test can be manipulated by changing the characteristics of the distractors, thus casting doubt on the generality of the experimental findings as well as their theoretical implications. PMID- 6222151 TI - [Peripheral facial paralysis without Charles Bell's sign. Attempt at a physiopathologic explanation]. PMID- 6222152 TI - [Effects of nasosinal pathology on the development of asthmatic disease]. PMID- 6222153 TI - [Auditory study of the premature infant. Contribution of auditory potentials and a portable apparatus (Peaport prototype)]. PMID- 6222154 TI - [Auricular blast in war practice. Apropos of 11 cases]. PMID- 6222155 TI - [The pitfall of the blue tympanic membrane: jugular bulb ectasia]. PMID- 6222156 TI - [Airborne troops and otorhinolaryngological pathology]. PMID- 6222157 TI - [Surgical treatment of saddle nose]. PMID- 6222158 TI - [Petromastoid evidement: indication, technic and results]. PMID- 6222159 TI - [Functional anatomy of the trigeminal nerve]. PMID- 6222160 TI - The antimitotic effect of bromocriptine on human fibroblasts. AB - The effect of bromocriptine on tritiated thymidine incorporation into nuclei of human fibroblasts has been investigated. A dose--dependent decrease of the labelling index has been found. This observation suggests that the antimitotic action of bromocriptine is a more general phenomenon not restricted to the adenohypophysial cells. PMID- 6222161 TI - Rapid release of iron from ferritin by siderophores. AB - The ability of the microbial siderophores deferriferrichrome, deferriferrichrome A, and enterobactin to remove iron from ferritin has been investigated. In contrast to previously published data with other chelators, all three siderophores rapidly released iron from the mammalian storage protein. Enterobactin was found most efficient at removing ferritin-bound iron. Using this siderophore, the mechanism by which ferritin sequesters iron was studied. The relative iron saturation level of ferritin influenced the rate of chelation by the microbial siderophores. PMID- 6222162 TI - Purification and characterization of myosin from calf brain. AB - Actomyosin complex was extracted from the brain cortex in a medium consisting of low salt, ATP, and EDTA, in the presence of protease inhibitors, followed by ammonium sulfate fractionation. Myosin was then purified from the actomyosin. Myosin obtained according to the procedure used was significantly contaminated with actin high (greater than 200,000 dalton) and low molecular weight proteins. Therefore, an alternative method based on affinity chromatography (Blue Dextran/Sepharose) and gel filtration (Sepharose 4B) was developed to purify myosin. This procedure yielded myosin that was greater than 95% pure as judged by electron microscopy and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The subunit composition of purified brain myosin was monitored by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel also containing a urea gradient. A closely migrating triplet in the heavy chain and three light chains, LC1, LC2, and LC3, of Mr 21,000, 19,000, and 17,000, respectively, were observed. These findings raise the possibility of the existence of myosin isoenzymes in the brain. Brain myosin formed bipolar thick filaments in 0.075 M KCl and MgCl2. At low ionic strength, the Mg2+-ATPase activity of myosin was stimulated 3- to 3.5 fold in the presence of skeletal muscle f-actin. Brain myosin also hydrolyzed other nucleotides; the rate of hydrolysis was ITP greater than ATP approximately equal to CTP greater than GTP approximately equal to UTP. The substrate (ATP) saturation curve in the presence of 10 mM CaCl2 and 0.6 M KCl was complex and consisted of plateau regions. The Arrhenius plot of the Ca-ATPase data was linear, whereas with ITPase, it was biphasic with a break occurring around 20 degrees C. PMID- 6222163 TI - Skeletal muscle in preterm infants with congenital myotonic dystrophy. Morphologic and histochemical study. AB - The skeletal muscle in 3 preterm infants (27, 34, 37 weeks gestation age) born to mothers with myotonic dystrophy showed a syncytial pattern at 27 weeks and a decreasing percentage of satellite cells and central nuclei at 34 and 37 weeks gestation. The fiber type differentiation was observed only at 37 weeks of gestational age. In all 3 cases muscle fibers with multiple acid phosphatase positive were seen. The muscle spindles also had thick capsules and showed lack of morphologic and histochemical differentiation into fiber types. These findings suggest immaturity of skeletal muscle in comparison to the normal. The immaturity of the skeletal muscle correlated well with the prognosis of the patients. PMID- 6222164 TI - Acute treatment of Huntington's chorea with lisuride. AB - The authors studied the effects of lisuride hydrogen maleate (lisuride) on the hyperkinesias of 11 patients suffering from Huntington's chorea (HC). In all patients, acute injection of 150 micrograms of the drug induced a marked temporary improvement of the abnormal involuntary movements; the favourable drug effect was more pronounced in the patients with a less severe degree of hyperkinesia. The antichoreic activity of the drug was prevented by pretreatment with haloperidol (2 mg) or sulpiride (400 mg), both injected intramuscularly 30 min before lisuride administration. The authors suggest the improvement of the motor disturbance induced in HC by lisuride may be explained on the basis of its preferential action on a subset of brain dopaminergic receptor. PMID- 6222165 TI - A model of spindle afferent response to muscle stretch. AB - 1. A unified model of the properties of stretch responses of mammalian spindle endings is proposed. This model encompasses the disparity between sensitivity of spindle endings to small and to large stretch of the muscle as well as the disparity in their dynamic responsiveness for different amplitudes of stretch. 2. In the model the mechanical properties of intrafusal fibers include a property akin to friction, which is hypothesized on the basis of reported observations on amphibian muscle. Transducer and encoder processes are modeled in the light of recent observations on isolated spindles. The model involves five unknown parameters whose values are selected by reference to certain reported observations on deefferented primary and secondary endings. The model can be used to predict responses to length changes of arbitrary time course. 3. Predicted responses to large ramp-and-hold stretch are quantitatively comparable to observations over a wide range of stretch velocities. The quantities compared include the increment in response during ramp stretch as well as the dynamic index, which is a measure of adaptation at stretch plateau. 4. At a fixed frequency of sinusoidal stretch, the relation between amplitudes of stretch and response is predicted in quantitative agreement with measurements. As the frequency of stretch is decreased, the predicted phase lead decreases and then increases, while the sensitivity decreases monotonically, in accord with observations. 5. In the model the high sensitivity for small stretch is not specific to any particular length of the muscle. When stretch is large, the region of high sensitivity is gradually reestablished at the new length, a phenomenon referred to as resetting. The dynamic response to a large stretch can be seen as arising, for the most part, from the dynamic process of resetting. 6. The influences of static or dynamic fusimotor activation on stretch responses of the primary ending are simulated by modifying the parameter values in the model. The modifications are such that static (dynamic) fusimotor activity speeds up (slows down) the resetting of the high-sensitivity region. The predictions mimic qualitatively the observed fusimotor effects not only on the response to large ramp stretch but also the contrasting effects seen with smaller, sinusoidal stretch. PMID- 6222166 TI - Tc-99m hydroxymethylene diphosphonate and Tc-99m methylene diphosphonate: biological and clinical comparison: concise communication. AB - The biologic and imaging characteristics of Tc-99m HMDP and Tc-99m MDP were compared in ten patients. Tc-99m HMDP blood levels were marginally lower at 4 hr. There were no significant differences in 4-hr urinary clearance, normal bone-to background ratio, or ratio of lesion to normal bone. Relative image quality comparison showed a slight preference for Tc-99m HMDP. Biologically Tc-99m HMDP compares favorably with Tc-99m MDP. Under the conditions of this study, Tc-99m HMDP image quality is at least comparable to that of Tc-99m MDP. PMID- 6222167 TI - The use of radionuclides in the investigation of conjoined twins. AB - Three sets of thoraco-omphalopagous conjoined twins were investigated. The clinical findings indicated a complex shared heart in two sets, and separate cardiovascular systems in the other. These assessments were confirmed by dynamic imaging after bolus injection of Tc-99m(Sn)colloid or Tc-99m millimicrospheres. Static images were then used to establish the configurations of the shared livers. The results of these studies were in keeping with the angiographic and autopsy findings in the two sets with complex cardiac anomalies and with the surgical findings during successful separation of the third set. PMID- 6222168 TI - Abnormal perfusion scan due to intrathoracic stomach and colon. PMID- 6222169 TI - Pharmacokinetics of intravenously administered piperacillin in preadolescent children. AB - We studied the pharmacokinetics of piperacillin in 37 preadolescent children (mean age 52 months, range 1 month to 11 years) after 50 mg/kg IV doses. Pharmacokinetic parameters were determined after the initial dose in 18 instances and after subsequent doses in 32 instances. There were no significant differences between the initial doses and the subsequent doses in the plasma piperacillin concentrations at comparable times, the elimination rate constants, the elimination-phase plasma half-lives, the total body clearances, the apparent volumes of distribution, or the areas under the concentration curves. At the end of a 30-minute infusion of the drug, the plasma concentration was 166.2 +/- 42.2 mg/L (mean +/- SD) and ranged from 91.6 to 268.3 mg/L. The mean half-life was 31.0 +/- 9.4 minutes. The half-life of piperacillin in children 1 to 6 months of age (47.2 minutes) was significantly longer than in older children (28.8 minutes) (P less than 0.05). Likewise, the total body clearance of the drug in the younger age group (71.7 ml/min/m2) was significantly lower than in the older children (130.8 ml/min/m2) (P less than 0.05). The mean renal clearance of the drug was only 63% (range 39% to 85%) of the total body clearance, suggesting a variable but substantial nonrenal route of elimination. The intravenous administration of 50 mg/kg piperacillin every four hours results in adequate plasma concentrations for the treatment of most infections caused by gram-negative and gram-positive organisms. PMID- 6222170 TI - Levamisole induced enhancement of polymorphonuclear leukocyte migration in patients with periodontitis. PMID- 6222171 TI - Effect of indomethacin on bone destruction during experimental periodontal disease in the hamster. PMID- 6222172 TI - Enhanced synthesis of hyaluronic acid by human gingival fibroblasts exposed to human dental bacterial extract. PMID- 6222173 TI - Biological effects of a purified lipopolysaccharide from Bacteroides gingivalis. PMID- 6222174 TI - Infrequent polysaccharide cohesion among Actinomyces viscosus and Actinomyces naeslundii fresh isolates of human origin. PMID- 6222175 TI - Microbial flora and clinical parameters in phenytoin associated gingival overgrowth. PMID- 6222176 TI - Lymphocytes from chronically inflamed human gingiva. I. Cell recovery and characterization in vitro. PMID- 6222177 TI - Secretion of a bone resorbing factor by epithelial cells cultured from porcine rests of Malassez. PMID- 6222179 TI - Effects of force application on periodontal blood circulation. A vital microscopic study in rats. PMID- 6222178 TI - Fluoride intake and alveolar bone loss in periodontal disease-susceptible mice. PMID- 6222180 TI - The effect of periodontal therapy on lymphocyte blastogenesis to plaque associated microorganisms. PMID- 6222181 TI - The patterns of discharge of static and dynamic gamma motoneurones in the decerebrate rabbit. AB - 1. The effect of natural stimulation of the limbs (usually pinching the forepaws) on the discharges of muscle spindle primary and secondary afferents and gamma motoneurones of the gastrocnemius medialis muscle were examined in the precollicular decerebrate rabbit, paralysed with gallamine triethiodide to prevent extrafusal muscle contraction. 2. The afferents showed only excitation in response to natural stimulation. The same stimulus strongly inhibited some gamma motoneurones and, at the same time, predominantly excited others. 3. Since extrafusal muscle contraction was prevented using gallamine triethiodide, intrafusal contraction was responsible for the afferent excitation, and could only have been evoked by those gamma motoneurones excited by natural stimulation. The distribution of effects from gamma motoneurones that were strongly inhibited by natural stimulation could not be deduced from afferent recordings. 4. On the basis of these afferent and efferent recordings, and the known structure of the muscle spindle, gamma motoneurones were identified as static or dynamic. 5. The results are discussed in relation to the patterns of discharge of static and dynamic gamma motoneurones. PMID- 6222182 TI - Teaching occlusal sealant therapy to dental students Department of Children's Dentistry, State University of New York at Stony Brook. AB - The use of sealants has been taught from its inception by the Department of Children's Dentistry at Stony Brook. The average student, during his two years of clinical experience, applies approximately 50 sealants. Estimating that each sealant takes about 20 minutes to apply (probably a realistic figure considering preparation time, and the fact that the students are inexperienced and usually working without assistants), about 17 hours, or six percent of a student's clinic time in Children's Dentistry, is spent placing sealants. In addition the students have reading assignments and four contact hours of lectures and a clinical class exercise in sealant therapy. We have found that the six and 12-month retention of sealants by our dental students is comparable to that reported by others in which the sealant was applied by dentists or specially trained auxiliaries. This is due, in part, to a policy of having faculty deliberately try to pry off the sealant before the patient is dismissed. (This procedure, we feel, should also be done by the practicing dentist). Our studies have also found that dental students have more success when they use an autopolymerized system and when rubber dam isolation is used while working with a UV-polymerized system. Despite our didactic and clinical class exercise program, our students still commit common errors in sealant placement that requires the vigilance of our faculty to both detect and correct. Although the number of individuals contacted was small, it was gratifying to find that all of our graduates, who were able to, used sealants in their practices. PMID- 6222183 TI - Failure of acute changes in prolactin to affect DHEA-S secretion in the human. AB - To investigate whether acute changes in prolactin secretion affect adrenal androgen secretion, serum prolactin and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S) concentrations were determined in seven normal women following the administration of chlorpromazine and L-dopa. The changes in plasma prolactin and DHEA-S concentrations over a four-hour period were compared to those in control experiments in which four of the women received placebo alone. Following the administration of chlorpromazine, plasma prolactin concentrations increased four fold above pretreatment concentrations, reaching a maximum at 120 minutes. Following L-dopa, plasma prolactin concentrations decreased by greater than 50%, with the nadir noted within 90 minutes. Despite these acute changes in prolactin secretion, plasma DHEA-S concentrations remained unchanged. These results, therefore, strongly suggest that acute changes in prolactin secretion have no affect on adrenal androgen secretion. PMID- 6222184 TI - The development of federal accessibility law. PMID- 6222185 TI - Early vocational intervention for the severely handicapped. PMID- 6222186 TI - Preparing the handicapped preprofessional for the professional "mainstream": critical issues. PMID- 6222187 TI - Research reveals network for handicapped individuals is successful. PMID- 6222188 TI - The Anaheim Nine. PMID- 6222189 TI - KCl leakage from microelectrodes and its impact on the membrane parameters of a nonexcitable cell. PMID- 6222190 TI - Quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the face in Down's syndrome. PMID- 6222191 TI - The effectiveness of pit and fissure sealants. PMID- 6222192 TI - Nursing home dentistry. PMID- 6222193 TI - Preventive dentistry for the developmentally disabled. PMID- 6222194 TI - Special patient care at the University of Michigan. PMID- 6222195 TI - Development of a statewide dental referral program. PMID- 6222196 TI - Oral/dental considerations for pediatric patients receiving anticancer treatment. PMID- 6222197 TI - Fidelity of replication of bacteriophage phi X174 DNA in vitro and in vivo. AB - Seven different revertants of bacteriophage phi X174am16 (AB5276G leads to T) have been isolated and the nature of the reversions determined by sequencing their DNA. The revertants each differ from am16 by just a single base substitution. These may be distinguished with varying degrees of ease by characteristic temperature sensitivities of growth. This has facilitated the determination of the frequency at which DNA polymerase III catalyses different types of substitution mutations in copying phi X174 DNA in vitro and in vivo. During the replicative form (RF) leads to single-stranded (SS) stage of replication in vitro, four different revertants may be readily produced according to well-defined rate laws on biasing the concentrations of dNTPs. Transversion mutations are found to be formed predominantly by purine x purine mismatching, whilst transitions are formed predominantly by G x T mismatching. The substitutions via G x T and G x A mismatches are estimated to occur at similar frequencies in vivo. The two most common revertants isolated in vivo, however, are not those readily produced during the RF leads to SS stage in vitro but are those produced on purine x purine mismatching in the SS leads to RF stage. The accuracy of the DNA polymerase in vitro appears to be similar to that in this stage in vivo. However, the overall accuracy of the RF leads to SS replication in vivo is more accurate than predicted from the measurements of the accuracy in vitro. PMID- 6222198 TI - Contribution of 3' leads to 5' exonuclease activity of DNA polymerase III holoenzyme from Escherichia coli to specificity. AB - The effects of deoxynucleoside monophosphates on the 3' leads to 5' exonuclease activity of DNA polymerase III holoenzyme have been correlated with their effects on the fidelity of DNA replication. In particular, dGMP inhibits the proofreading activity of the enzyme and decreases the fidelity in those cases where a "following nucleotide effect" is also noted. This is strong evidence for proofreading. However, the absence of the effects of proofreading inhibitors or following nucleotides need not be evidence against the occurrence of proofreading: a theoretical analysis shows that these effects may not be observed even though there is active proofreading. This is suggested to be the case with the phage T4 enzyme system. The proofreading activity of Pol III appears to be directed primarily towards removing purine x pyrimidine-mediated rather than purine x purine-mediated misincorporations. recA protein inhibits the proofreading activity of Pol III on synthetic templates containing mismatched 3' termini. This is paralleled by a decrease in the fidelity of DNA replication in vitro. The inhibition is increased in the presence of dGMP or dAMP but there is no further increase in the infidelity of replication. The presence of both dNMPs and recA protein does not enable Pol III to copy past pyrimidine photodimers. PMID- 6222199 TI - Apparent inhibition of the plasma membrane Ca2+ pump by oleic acid. AB - The effects of oleic acid (oleate) were examined using two in vitro model systems. In a concentration-dependent fashion oleate activated or inhibited the (Ca2+ + Mg2+)-ATPase, or Ca2+ pump ATPase, of membranes isolated from human red blood cells (RBC's). Concentrations of oleate which inhibited the Ca2+ pump ATPase also inhibited the Na+-K+ pump ATPase. Likewise, in a concentration dependent fashion oleate increased or abolished ATP dependent 45Ca2+ transport into inside-out vesicles (IOV's) prepared from human RBC's. Addition of 500 microM oleate to IOV's which had already accumulated 45Ca2+ resulted in rapid loss of the ion. The effect was shown to be due to membrane disruption; a conclusion based on oleate-induced unmasking of latent acetylcholinesterase activity in IOV preparations. The results are compatible with, but do not prove, that membrane disruption caused by circulating free fatty acids and similar membrane active agents might play a role in the cellular injury associated with certain pathophysiologic states. PMID- 6222200 TI - Chlorhexidine: a review of the literature. PMID- 6222201 TI - Supplementation of cystometrography with simultaneous perineal floor and rectus abdominis electromyography. AB - A total of 26 patients with symptomatic voiding dysfunction underwent cystometrography concomitant with simultaneous perineal floor and rectus abdominis electromyography. Of the patients 20 had well defined neurological pathological conditions. Cystometrography/perineal electromyography revealed detrusor hyperreflexia with appropriate sphincter relaxation in 8 patients, with vesicosphincter dyssynergia in 10 and with pseudo-dyssynergia in 2. Rectus electromyography in these patients did not reveal electromyographic activity during the filling and expulsion phases of the cystometrogram. However, the 6 neurologically normal patients were noted to have detrusor areflexia with nonrelaxation of the sphincter on urodynamic examination. These patients characteristically attempted to void by abdominal straining, resulting in a concomitant increase in rectus and perineal electromyography activity. We conclude that the addition of rectus electromyography to the standard urodynamic methodology can improve significantly the recognition of intravesical pressure elevation owing to voluntary contraction of the abdominal musculature. PMID- 6222202 TI - Study to evaluate manipulation therapy. PMID- 6222203 TI - What is role of factor VIII therapy in inducing helper suppressor ratio reversals in hemophiliacs? PMID- 6222204 TI - Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of aortocoronary saphenous vein graft. Morphologic observations. PMID- 6222205 TI - Pattern of myocardial hypertrophy as a possible determinant of abnormal Q waves in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. AB - Echocardiographic and electrocardiographic findings in 74 adults with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) were analyzed to identify the pattern of myocardial hypertrophy as a possible determinant of abnormal Q waves. The pattern of septal hypertrophy along the left ventricular long axis was divided into 3 types based on the site of maximum septal hypertrophy: basal, diffuse and apical types. Abnormal Q waves defined by the revised Minnesota Codes (either I-I, I-II or I-III) were noted in 31 cases (42%). The total incidence of abnormal Q waves in the basal type (15/26, 58%) and in the diffuse type (12/22, 55%) was significantly higher (p less than 0.001 and p less than 0.01, respectively) than that in the apical type (4/26, 15%). The abnormal Q waves defined by the strict criteria of Code I-I were significantly more prevalent (p less than 0.05) in the basal type than in the diffuse type, although there was no significant difference in the total incidence of abnormal Q waves between these 2 groups. Thirty-six patients with an extension of hypertrophy to the right ventricle (RVH) had a significantly higher incidence of abnormal Q waves than 22 patients without RVH (56% vs 27%, p less than 0.05). Furthermore, close relationships of RVH to the location of abnormal Q waves were documented. In conclusion, the abnormal Q waves in HCM may be related to the pattern of septal hypertrophy along the left ventricular long axis and to RVH. PMID- 6222207 TI - Non-invasive quantitative evaluation of aortic regurgitation using an ultrasonic pulsed Doppler flowmeters. AB - The severity of aortic regurgitation (AR) is usually evaluated using cineaortography, but this procedure cannot be carried out easily because of its invasive nature. For estimating the severity of AR non-invasively as well as quantitatively, we measured the blood flow in the aortic arch using an ultrasonic pulsed Doppler flowmeter (UPDF) from a suprasternal notch. The rugurgitant ratio was calculated from the waves of relative flow volume and compared with the severity determined cineaortographically. The following results were obtained: 1) Reproducible waves of the aortic arch flow were recorded in all normal subjects and also in 19 out of 23 patients with AR. 2) Distinctive waves of the regurgitant flow, which could not be seen in normal subjects, were recorded in AR except for some mild cases. 3) The regurgitant ratio obtained from the UPDF corresponded well with the severity based on the cineaortogram. It may be concluded that the UPDF is clinically useful and reliable for quantifying AR non invasively. PMID- 6222206 TI - Diagnostic significance of early diastolic time intervals in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and myocardial hypertrophy due to essential hypertension. AB - In order to differentiate hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) from myocardial hypertrophy due to essential hypertension (HT), echocardiogram, apexcardiogram and phonocardiogram were simultaneously recorded in patients with HCM (n = 22), HT (n = 34) and normal subjects (N) (n = 22). The following early diastolic time intervals were measured: 1) IIA-O time, 2) IIA-MVO time (IRT) and 3) MVO-O time. The IIA-O time was 119 +/- 9 msec in N, 159 +/- 31 in HT (p less than 0.001, vs N) and 228 +/- 57 in HCM (p less than 0.001, vs N and HT, respectively). The IIA MVO time was 66 +/- 11 msec in N, 95 +/- 18 in HT (p less than 0.001, vs N) and 102 +/- 24 in HCM (p less than 0.001, vs N). The MVO-O time was 53 +/- 9 msec in N, 66 +/- 21 in HT and 126 +/- 48 in HCM (p less than 0.001, vs N and HT, respectively). These results showed that among the early diastolic time intervals HT was abnormal only in the IIA-MVO time. On the other hand, HCM had abnormalities not only in the IIA-MVO time but also in the MVO-O time. Both the IIA-MVO and the MVO-O times in hypertrophic non-obstructive cardiomyopathy were prolonged significantly as compared to those in obstructive one. Analysis of early diastolic time intervals may be very useful to differentiate HCM, especially of the non-obstructive type, from HT. PMID- 6222208 TI - [Pharmacokinetic studies of piperacillin after 4 g or 8 g intravenous injection in human healthy volunteers]. AB - The pharmacokinetics of piperacillin (PIPC) after intravenous injection of 4 g and 8 g was studied on healthy volunteers, and the following results were obtained. 1. Serum concentrations of PIPC were measured, and simulation curves were obtained by using 2-compartment model. PIPC has been found to produce higher serum level soon after intravenous administration and it was rapidly eliminated. 2. In the view of pharmacokinetic parameter and peripheral compartment level of PIPC, it was estimated that distribution of PIPC of various tissues was prompt after administration. 3. PIPC was excreted rapidly, and approximately 100% excretion was observed up to 8 hours after instillation of 8 g PIPC for 2 hours. No accumulation of PIPC was noted. PMID- 6222209 TI - [Antibacterial action of cefoperazone and piperacillin against Escherichia coli]. AB - A study of the antibacterial action of cefoperazone (CPZ) and piperacillin (PIPC) against E. coli demonstrated clear differences between these 2 drugs. CPZ showed higher bactericidal and lytic activity which was dose dependent and not greatly influenced by inoculum size. In contrast, the activity of PIPC was strongly influenced by inoculum size and showed high bactericidal activity only against a low inoculum size. The activity of CPZ was not related to the pH of the culture medium, whereas PIPC showed increased activity in an acid medium. In a study of the drug sensitive phase of a synchronous culture, CPZ was highly effective during the period of cell division showing strong bactericidal activity at that time. The bactericidal action of CPZ was inhibited by the addition of chloramphenicol. In contrast, PIPC which by itself demonstrated only weak bactericidal activity was not effective during the period of cell division. Although CPZ and PIPC both activate autolysin activity, CPZ was more active in this regard. PMID- 6222210 TI - Effects of 2-nicotinamidoethyl nitrate (SG-75, nicorandil) on indomethacin induced contractions of isolated dog coronary arteries. AB - Effects of 2-nicotinamidoethyl nitrate (SG-75) on contractile responses of dog coronary arteries to indomethacin were investigated in vitro. Indomethacin (3 X 10(-8) and 3 X 10(-7) Gm/ml) produced contractions of isolated coronary arterial strips, which were reproduced by successive administration of the drug. SG-75 (10(-5) Gm/ml) administered 5 min prior to indomethacin, significantly depressed indomethacin-induced contractions of the strips. In coronary arterial strips under potassium-contracture, SG-75 10(-8)-10(-4) Gm/ml) produced concentration dependent relaxations, which were not affected by prior administration of indomethacin (3 X 10(-6) Gm/ml). Tranylcypromine (10(-4) Gm/ml) did not influence the relaxant responses of the strips to SG-75 (10(-8)-10(-5) Gm/ml) but significantly depressed them to SG-75 (10(-4) Gm/ml). Results indicate that large doses of SG-75 will induce a relaxant effect on isolated dog coronary arteries through activation of intravascular biosynthesis or release of prostacyclin from vascular tissues. PMID- 6222211 TI - [Cardiac myxoma--light, electron microscopic and immunocytochemical assessment of histogenesis]. AB - Fourteen cardiac myxomas exhibiting a variety of histologic patterns were examined by light microscopy and the peroxidase anti peroxidase technic using factor VIII relating antigen. Four were also studied by election microscopy. Tumor cells showed variable cellular arrangements, e.g. cord clusters of rounded cells, network-like arrangement, concentric myxoma cell layers and vascular-like structures. Electron microscopically, these myxoma cells revealed smooth muscle like cells, fibroblast-like cells and endothelial cells. Factor VIII-related antigen was found in some of the single tumor cells, in endothelial-like cells of the vascular-like structures and in cells on the inner side of the concentric cell layers. Cardiac myxoma arises from multipotential mesenchymal cells in the endocardium of the atrial septum which may develop into smooth muscle cells, fibroblasts, cartilage cells and endotherial cells. PMID- 6222212 TI - [Preparation and clinical application of antisera specific to Lp(a) lipoprotein]. PMID- 6222213 TI - Inoculation with Dictyocaulus filaria larvae for the protection of cattle from Dictyocaulus viviparus infection. PMID- 6222214 TI - [Autotransplantation of the heart]. PMID- 6222215 TI - [Role of mixed lymphocyte culture test in the prognosis of the postoperative period following transplantation of a cadaveric kidney]. PMID- 6222216 TI - [Postoperative eventration]. PMID- 6222217 TI - The basement membrane in pathology. PMID- 6222218 TI - Nursing management of the school-age child with bowel incontinence: utilizing Erikson's theory of psychosocial development. AB - Fecal incontinence due to physical and emotional factors can be devastating to the self-esteem of a child in the school setting. Approaches to the nursing management of a child with this condition are evaluated. Erikson's theory of psychosocial development is used to analyze compensatory behaviors in the child, and to plan a system of nursing care that will foster autonomy. Dorothea E. Orem's conceptual framework of nursing, a self-care model, is the base for developing a comprehensive plan of care for the child to normalize mastery of psychosocial tasks. PMID- 6222219 TI - Fluid and mononuclear cells from healing wounds inhibit thymocyte immune responsiveness. AB - It has been shown previously that fluid obtained from 7-day-old wounds noncytotoxically inhibits normal thymic lymphocyte blastogenesis and that mononuclear cells (MNC) from the same wounds lack mitogenic responsiveness. The present series of experiments studies whether wound MNC are the source of the wound inhibitory factor(s) and the effect of adult thymectomy (ATDX) on their generation. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats (300-350 g), intact or ATDX (performed at 8-10 weeks of age), underwent dorsal wounding (7 cm) and subcutaneous implantation of sterile Ivalon sponges. Seven days later sponges were harvested, wound fluid was obtained, and the cell pellet was purified to 90% MNC. Normal rat thymocyte blastogenesis (stimulation index) to Con A and PHA evaluated in a microculture system (10 separate experiments) was 169.9 +/- 10.0 and 30.1 +/- 3.7. Addition of 10% wound fluid markedly inhibited thymocyte mitogenesis--6.3 +/ 1.0 and 2.7 +/- 0.6, respectively (P less than 0.001). Heat-inactivated wound fluid (56 degrees C, 30 min) had similar inhibitory activity--3.4 +/- 0.9 and 2.7 +/- 0.6 (P less than 0.001). Normal thymic blastogenesis could also be inhibited by the addition of 5 X 10(4) wound MNC to the microculture system--4.4 +/- 1.1 and 1.9 +/- 0.3 (P less than 0.001). Wound fluid from ATDX rats had much less inhibitory activity (77.1 +/- 22.4 and 7.2 +/- 2.1, P less than 0.01) vs control wound fluid. In addition wound MNC from ADTX animals were also less immune suppressive (30.7 +/- 4.9 and 13.5 +/- 3.7, P less than 0.001) than control MNC. Forty-eight-hour supernatants of wound MNC from intact rats, added in 25% concentration to normal thymocyte cultures, demonstrated inhibition similar to that of the wound fluid from the same animals: 4.4 +/- 0.7 and 3.9 +/- 0.6, while ATDX MNC supernatants had minimal inhibitory activity (110.1 +/- 18.2 and 25.7 +/ 6.5, P less than 0.005). No cytotoxicity could be demonstrated in any of these experiments by trypan blue exclusion. It is concluded that 7-day-old wound fluid noncytotoxically inhibits thymocyte blastogenesis; this effect is also demonstrated by wound MNC and their supernatants, suggesting immune "suppressor" lymphocytes are present in wounds; ATDX, which abrogates suppressor cell induction, leads to marked diminution of wound inhibitory activity. The data suggest that important immune events occur at the wound site; their relation to normal wound healing remains to be elucidated. PMID- 6222220 TI - Intraperitoneal xenon for the detection of early intestinal ischemia: effect of ascites, adhesions, and misdirected injections. AB - Significant delay in the washout of intraperitoneal xenon (133Xe) in rats and dogs with decreased splanchnic blood flow (bowel strangulation, superior mesenteric artery and vein occlusion) has been previously demonstrated as the basis for radionuclide imaging to detect early (prenecrotic) intestinal ischemia. In this study, the effect of ascites, adhesions, and misdirected injections on the validity of this technique is evaluated. Xenon-133 (0.6 mCi) in 3 ml saline was injected into the peritoneal cavity of anesthetized rats and the washout of gamma activity monitored externally for 90 min. Gamma camera images were obtained at 30-min intervals. After 60 min, only 12 +/- 2% of injected activity remained in the controls. Sham operation (13 +/- 1%) and simple obstruction (12 +/- 2%) had been previously shown not to significantly slow washout, but segmental strangulation had done so dramatically (32 +/- 2%, P less than 0.0001). In these experiments, ascitic fluid (Ringer's lactate) in volumes of 10 ml (13 +/- 1%), 20 ml (13 +/- 1%), and 40 ml (13 +/- 1%), did not significantly slow washout in nonischemic rats. Sixty and eighty milliliters produced very tense ascites and slight but significant delay in washout (14 +/- 1%, 17 +/- 1%, respectively, P less than 0.05). Moderate (11 +/- 1%) and severe (11 +/- 1%) adhesions produced by serosal scarification did not delay washout nor affect imaging. Injections of isotope intentionally misdirected into the abdominal wall (32 +/- 2%), bowel wall (18 +/- 1%), and bowel lumen (19 +/- 2%), each significantly (P less than 0.001) slowed washout. However, such misdirected injections were easily recognizable as such on the 1-min gamma camera images and could thereby be excluded as artifactual. Therefore, no false positive readings were obtained. It is concluded that the intraperitoneal xenon technique is not invalidated by mild to moderate ascites nor by moderate to severe adhesions. Misdirected injections produce invalid studies that are recognizable as such and thus are not misinterpreted. This approach should therefore be applicable to most patients with suspected intestinal ischemia. PMID- 6222221 TI - Steroid 21-sulfatase activity in human placenta. AB - Intravenously administered [3H]-deoxycorticosterone sulfate is not metabolized by way of deoxycorticosterone in men or non-pregnant women. Thus, it can be implied that steroid 21-sulfatase is not active in human tissues. On the other hand, evidence has accrued that deoxycorticosterone sulfate is hydrolyzed in human placenta. In the present investigation, we sought to ascertain if steroid 21 sulfatase activity were present in placenta and, if so, to characterize the enzyme activity in this tissue. Steroid 21-sulfatase activity was found to be present in microsome-enriched fractions prepared from human placental tissue; conditions of linearity of the reaction with time and protein concentration were established and the apparent KM of the enzyme for deoxycorticosterone sulfate was 100 microM. Thus, deoxycorticosterone sulfate, which is present in high concentration in plasma of the human fetus, may enter trophoblast wherein it could be hydrolyzed; the deoxycorticosterone formed could be secreted into the maternal circulation. Such a process, together with deoxycorticosterone formation from plasma progesterone in extraadrenal sites, could account for the high concentrations of deoxycorticosterone that are present in plasma of near-term pregnant women. PMID- 6222222 TI - Angioplasty of the left main coronary artery for isolated left main coronary artery disease. AB - Operative technique and results of angioplasty of the left main coronary artery (LMCA) for isolated LMCA disease are reported. Nine consecutive patients, six men and three women, were operated upon. Their ages varied from 46 to 69 years, mean 51 years. All had 50% to 90% stenosis of the LMCA and Class III angina. Cardiopulmonary bypass and a cold cardioplegic solution were used for all operations. There were no operative deaths or infarctions. Follow-up ranged from 0.5 to 4 years, mean 1.9 years. Except for the first patient, who has new stenosis of the proximal anterior descending artery, all patients are free of angina. Repeat angiography in five patients showed a widely patent LMCA with excellent runoff. Our preliminary results suggest that angioplasty of the LMCA can be carried out with low operative risks. The technique appears to be a promising alternative to coronary artery bypass grafting in isolated LMCA disease. PMID- 6222223 TI - Late results after mitral valve replacement with the Bjork-Shiley and porcine prostheses. AB - The late results of isolated mitral valve replacement were retrospectively evaluated in 357 patients receiving a Bjork-Shiley (B-S) tilting disc prosthesis and 96 patients receiving a porcine bioprosthesis (PB) (Vascor or Carpentier Edwards) between March, 1973, and July, 1978. The groups were comparable with regard to age, sex, New York Heart Association functional class, preoperative cardiac rhythm (sinus or atrial fibrillation), left atrial size (normal or enlarged), and presence of thrombus in the left atrium at operation. All of the B S and 14 of the PB patients received long-term anticoagulant therapy. The median duration of follow-up was 46 months in the B-S group and 32 months in the PB group. At 5 years, survival was 70% for the B-S and 68% for the PB groups (NS). The percentage of patients free of thromboembolic episodes was 77% for the B-S and 78% for the PB groups (NS). Fifty-six percent of the B-S and 49% of the PB patients were alive and free of thromboembolism, complications related to anticoagulant therapy, or other valve-related complications (dehiscence, degeneration, or endocarditis) (NS). The presence of atrial fibrillation, enlarged left atrium, preoperative thromboembolic episodes, and left atrial thrombus had no effect on the incidence of thromboembolic complications with either prosthesis. From this analysis, it appears that the major advantage of the PB over the B-S prosthesis is its use in patients in whom long-term anticoagulation is contraindicated. PMID- 6222224 TI - Renal tubular acidosis. A new look at treatment of musculoskeletal and renal disease. AB - The clinical and laboratory manifestations, roentgenographic findings, and treatment of 48 patients with renal tubular acidosis who were examined at the Mayo Clinic during a 10-year period were reviewed. The initial clinical presentations of the 48 patients in the series included rheumatic complaints in 25 and recurrent nephrolithiasis in 23. Of the 23 patients who presented with nephrolithiasis, 8 also had musculoskeletal symptoms. Thirty-three of the 48 patients had careful follow-up of a total of 68 musculoskeletal complaints. Forty of these symptoms (59%) diminished after treatment of the renal tubular acidosis with orally administered alkali. Associated connective tissue diseases were present in 12 patients. Thirty-four patients had roentgenographic evidence of renal calculi. Of this group, 19 were followed up with sequential roentgenographic studies of the kidneys for more than 1 year during therapy. Of 15 patients treated orally with alkali, 13 had metabolically inactive renal stone disease. Three of the patients treated orally with phosphorus supplements had persistent metabolically active renal stone disease. Patients with renal tubular acidosis often present with musculoskeletal manifestations and renal lithiasis, both of which frequently subside with the treatment of the renal tubular acidosis. PMID- 6222225 TI - [Kidney diseases mediated by immune complexes in secondary syphilis]. PMID- 6222226 TI - [HLA-DR and kidney transplant]. PMID- 6222227 TI - [Diagnostic value of laparoscopy in liver metastasis]. PMID- 6222228 TI - [Rachitic cardiomyopathy]. PMID- 6222229 TI - [Malabsorption syndrome in a 60-year-old woman]. PMID- 6222230 TI - [Dermatoses in the spinning and weaving industry]. AB - In order to detect cutaneous alterations among the workers of a textile industry, the authors proceeded to a dermatologic examination of 1207 persons, with special emphasis on skin conditions of the fingers and toes. The most noticeable and specific alteration related to the work was a linear hyperkeratosis of the lateral aspects of the first and second finger of the right hand--the fingers of prehension--submitted to repeated micro-traumas due to the manipulation of the threads. In second place in order of frequency were the intertriginous inflammation of the toes, due to the high level of temperature and humidity prevalent in some areas of the plant, besides the use of inadequate shoes and socks. Some suggestions are made for reducing the incidence of dermatologic risks. PMID- 6222231 TI - [Acne and contact dermatitis]. AB - Contact dermatitis in patients suffering acne is raising. These reactions are provoked by different sensitizing substances used in the treatment of acne. The Authors review the diverse possibilities of sensitisation in acne patients: contact dermatitis, primary irritation, photoallergy and phototoxicity, and "dermatitis by general administration of the allergen". The diverse acneiform contact dermatitis are reviewed and classified. The importance of acne venenata or contact acne--professional or no--, and different acneiform contact eruptions or by ingestion, is emphasized. PMID- 6222233 TI - [AIDS in homosexual men--the 1st cases in Sweden]. PMID- 6222232 TI - [Use of cyproterone acetate in the treatment of acne]. AB - Forty two female patients with strong acne and oiliness were studied all of them were treated with a tablet daily of 2 mg. of cyprosterone Acetate and 0.05 mg of ethinyl oestradiol for 3 weeks and a week without it. We found intolerance to the treatment in 9 out of 42 patients and a high percentage of cure or marked improvement in 96.9% of patients. In conclusion this drug is a good help to the treatment of female acne with seborrheic skin. PMID- 6222234 TI - Irreversible interaction of beta-haloalkylamine derivatives with dopamine D1 and D2 receptors. AB - The interaction of beta-haloalkylamine derivatives of dopamine agonists and antagonists with 3H-spiperone binding (D2 sites) and 3H-flupenthixol binding (D1 sites) was studied. N-chloroethyl derivatives of phenothiazines and thioxanthenes were potent inhibitors of the binding of both ligands. The in vitro inhibition of binding produced by these compounds was irreversible. The drugs were however only weakly active in vivo. The results suggest that beta-haloalkylamine derivatives of neuroleptics may be useful compounds for studying dopamine receptors in vitro. PMID- 6222235 TI - [High-dose gestagen therapy with medroxyprogesterone acetate in metastasizing breast carcinoma]. PMID- 6222236 TI - [Syndromes of lumbar spine overloading in automobile drivers]. AB - The paper presents a problem of overloading the lumbar part of the spine in drivers of heavy automotive equipment. Results of examinations of 480 drivers have been discussed. In this group 162 subjects complained in the anamnesis of having had pains. The group contained 1 subjects currently undergoing treatment and 4 subjects permanently unable to work. 95.7% were treated conservatively, the remaining 4.3% underwent operation. Finally, there is a possibility to decrease the rate of lumbar spine overloading through extensive prevention. PMID- 6222237 TI - [Incidence of pathological skin changes in construction workers]. PMID- 6222238 TI - Uptake and dissimilation of glycerol by wild type and glycerol nonutilizing strains of Neurospora crassa. AB - Seven mutant strains defective for utilization of glycerol, glyceraldehyde or dihydroxyacetone were isolated. One strain was deficient for NAD-linked glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, two for glycerol kinase, and four had no detected enzymatic deficiency, although one of the latter strains was deficient in glycerol uptake. Glycerol uptake was increased by incubation in glycerol, glycerol-3-phosphate, erythritol, and propanediol, and was protein-mediated below 0.14 mM glycerol, but at higher concentrations free diffusion predominated. Glycerol uptake was decreased by cycloheximide and was more sensitive to sodium azide than to iodoacetate. PMID- 6222239 TI - Restriction and modification in Bacillus subtilis: expression of the cloned methyltransferase gene from B. subtilis phage SPR in E. coli and B. subtilis. AB - Expression of the SPR methyltransferase gene from B. subtilis phage SPR cloned into lambda and SPP1 was studied by analyzing the sensitivity of the hybrid phage DNAs to restriction by the enzymes HaeIII, MspI, and HpaII. The following results were obtained: (1) The genes were expressed both in the homologous (B. subtilis) and heterologous (E. coli) host. (2) The specificity of the expression of the cloned gene was identical to that of the gene in SPR. (3) Expression depended on the orientation of the cloned segment within the vector DNAs suggesting that vector promoters were involved in transcription. The coding strand of the cloned DNA was identified through hybridization with SPR mRNA. PMID- 6222240 TI - Regulation of the rpsU-dnaG-rpoD macromolecular synthesis operon and the initiation of DNA replication in Escherichia coli K-12. AB - We have fused the E. coli dnaG 5' regulatory region to the TcR structural gene in the promoter probe plasmids pPV33 and pKK175-6 to demonstrate that a promoter activity is located on a 250 bp SacII-HindIII restriction fragment and that a transcription terminator, previously reported by nucleotide sequence (Smiley et al. 1982) to immediately precede the dnaG gene, acts as such in vivo. We have determined the complete nucleotide sequence of this controlling region and report: 1) tandem promoters on the same SacII-HindIII restriction fragment which promotes tet expression in the gene fusion experiments, 2) an open reading frame between these promoters and the dnaG gene which is the rpsU (ribosomal protein S21) gene, 3) a sequence homologous to the lambda nut site, 4) a possible LexA protein binding site on one of the dnaG promoters. This places the order on the E. coli genetic map at 66 min in the clockwise direction as rpsU-dnaG-rpoD which are all contained in a single macromolecular synthesis operon. We postulate a model for regulation of the initiation of DNA replication based on antitermination of the rpsU-dnaG-rpoD operon. PMID- 6222241 TI - Ribosomal RNA genes of Neurospora crassa: multiple copies and specificities. AB - Ribosomal RNA genes were isolated from the germinated conidial and mycelial cells of N. crassa by repeated cycles of 3H-DNA:rRNA reactions followed by hydroxyapatite chromatography. Specificity of multiple copies of those rDNAs with respect to N. crassa cell types was studied. The fraction of N. crassa germinated conidial in vitro labelled 3H-DNA recovered in the presence of rRNA isolated from the same cell type was about 2.2%, when compared with approximately 1.2% rDNAs obtained in mycelial cells. These isolated rDNAs reacted specifically to 26S and 17S rRNAs of eukaryotic (N. crassa) organisms and did not react with 4S tRNAs. rRNA:rDNA reassociation kinetics studies indicate that 90% of the rRNA genes were homogeneous and not identical with the other 10% rRNA genes isolated from N. crassa mycelia. These studies suggest that the possible heterogeneity of rDNA sequences of N. crassa cannot be attributed to inclusion of any tDNA sequences as has been shown in the heterogeneity of rDNA sequences of the bacterium Escherichia coli. The heterogeneity of multiple copies of N. crassa rDNAs could be due to differences in internal or external spacer regions of N. crassa rRNA genes. PMID- 6222242 TI - Biologically active recombinant formed through DNA pairing by purified recA protein in vitro. AB - We have detected in vitro homologous recombination mediated by purified recA protein of Escherichia coli as a recombinant phage produced by using the DNA packaging system of phage lambda. When double-stranded DNA of phage lambda carrying amber mutations is incubated with double-stranded DNA carrying the wild type genes in the presence of recA protein, Mg++ and ATP, and the DNA packaged, amber+ recombinant phage is produced at a high frequency. This reaction depends completely upon the function of the wild-type recA protein. After incubation of 32P-labeled linear DNA (Form III) with bromouracil-labeled circular DNA (Form I Form II mixture) in the presence of recA protein, Mg++ and ATP, about 10% of the 32P-counts band at an intermediate density in CsCl equilibrium gradient. This fraction yields a high percentage of the recombinant phage after DNA packaging and shows the alpha-shaped and sigma-shaped joint molecules of linear and circular DNA under the electron microscope. Furthermore, we demonstrate that a non-homologous region inhibits the recombination reaction when it is between the marker concerned and the closer cos end. Our results indicate that recA protein acts directly in the initial step of recombination to join the homologous double stranded DNA and that the resulting molecule can be matured into the recombinant DNA. PMID- 6222243 TI - Tandem transcription-termination sites in the late rightward operon of bacteriophage lambda. AB - A transcription termination site (designated as t'R2) is located between the rightward late t'R1 terminator and the S gene of phage lambda. This t'R2 terminator is rightward and absolutely dependent on the rho factor, being about 45% effective in rho+ E. coli and only 6% in rho- cells at 30 degrees C. This 7.5 fold rho dependence of t'R2 is in contrast to that of tR1 (4.5 fold, from about 81% to 18%) and the partial rho dependence of t'R1 (1.4 fold, from 96% to 67%). At the elevated temperature of 42 degrees C, t'R2 becomes 1.5 times more leaky (with about 2.5-fold reduction in termination efficiency) than tR1 or t'R1 (with only 1.1-fold reduction) in rho+ hosts. The calculated joint efficiencies of t'R1 and t'R2 are 98% in rho+ cells at 30 degrees C. t'R2 is also active in vitro, but only in the presence of rho factor, whereas t'R1 is active both in the presence and absence of rho. However, the in vitro termination at t'R1 is enhanced about 1.7-fold by the rho factor. The properly oriented lambda nutR site together with the N gene function bring about almost complete antitermination at t'R2 (96% effective), but incomplete at t'R1 (72%). The termination points at t'R2 are located around 532-534 bp to the right of the s'R startpoint of the p'R-initiated RNA on lambda DNA (or 338-340 bp downstream of t'R1) and 66-68 bp to the left of the S gene, as determined by S1 mapping. The t'R2 termination points are located within a dyad symmetry region which, in the transcript, is able to form a hairpin structure consisting of 16 bp in the stem and 6 bases in the loop. It is proposed that t'R2 acts as a second terminator to block any readthrough transcription initiated at the late promoter p'R into the late genes of phage lambda. PMID- 6222244 TI - DNA repair properties of Escherichia coli tif-1, recAo281 and lexA1 strains deficient in single-strand DNA binding protein. AB - Mutations affecting single-strand DNA binding protein (SSB) impair induction of mutagenic (SOS) repair. To further investigate the role of SSB in SOS induction and DNA repair, isogenic strains were constructed combining the ssb+, ssb-1 or ssb-113 alleles with one or more mutations known to alter regulation of damage inducible functions. As is true in ssb+ strains tif-1 (recA441) was found to allow thermal induction of prophage lambda + and Weigle reactivation in ssb-1 and ssb-113 strains. Furthermore, tif-1 decreased the UV sensitivity of the ssb-113 strain slightly and permitted UV induction of prophage lambda + at 30 degrees C. Strains carrying the recAo281 allele were also constructed. This mutation causes high constitutive levels of RecA protein synthesis and relieves much of the UV sensitivity conferred by lexA- alleles without restoring SOS (error-prone) repair. In contrast, the recAo281 allele failed to alleviate the UV sensitivity associated with either ssb- mutation. In a lexA1 recAo281 background the ssb-1 mutation increased the extent of postirradiation DNA degradation and concommitantly increased UV sensitivity 20-fold to the level exhibited by a recA1 strain. The ssb-113 mutation also increased UV sensitivity markedly in this background but did so without greatly increasing postirradiation DNA degradation. These results suggest a direct role for SSB in recombinational repair apart from and in addition to its role in facilitating induction of the recA-lexA regulon. PMID- 6222245 TI - A genetic study of Escherichia coli strains carrying Mu-lambda-Mu structures. AB - We have studied the interaction of bacteriophages Mu and lambda after their simultaneous induction and the influence of lambda on Mu-dependent mobilization of the E. coli chromosome by the RP4 plasmid. Heterolysogenic E. coli strains carrying Mu-lambda-Mu structures were constructed (Faelen et al. 1975). The Mu and lambda prophages are linked in such structures, and the functions of some lambda genes are disturbed depending on the integration site. A study of the inhibition of Mu growth by lambda after their simultaneous induction was performed and the region of the lambda genome (R-H) which contains the gene(s) responsible for the inhibitory effect of lambda on Mu was identified. The efficiency of Mu-dependent mobilization of the bacterial chromosome by RP4 is shown to be an order of magnitude lower in strains with unlinked Mu and lambda and an order of magnitude higher in strains with some permutations of the lambda prophage than in the control Mu-monolysogenic E. coli strain. Thus the effect of Mu on mobilization depends on the localization of the lambda prophage and on the functioning of its genome within a Mu-lambda-Mu structure. It is presumed that the mobilization of the bacterial chromosome is stimulated by effective replication of the Mu genome starting from the ori site (origin of replication) of the lambda prophage within the Mu-lambda-Mu structure. We propose a model to explain the interaction of Mu and lambda in E. coli strains carrying Mu-lambda-Mu structures. PMID- 6222247 TI - Isolation of recombinant bacteriophage containing male-specific mouse DNA. AB - The mammalian Y chromosome is an isolated piece of genetic material that directs sexual determination and gametogenesis. Very little is understood about the mechanism whereby the Y chromosome carries out these functions. Also, there is a severe lack of genetic markers on this chromosome. In order to understand the structure and function of the Y chromosome at the level of its DNA sequences and to provide genetic markers, we are isolating clones of DNA whose sequences are found primarily in DNA from male mice. To this end, we have developed a procedure for the identification of such clones. Application of this screening procedure to a lambda library derived from mouse sperm DNA has yielded 12 distinct clones, part of whose sequences are present predominantly in male DNA. Besides this DNA, they also contain other sequences that are shared with female DNA. These clones are either derived from the Y chromosome or they represent autosomal sequences specifically amplified during male development. PMID- 6222246 TI - The products of gene A of the related phages Mu and D108 differ in their specificities. AB - By recombination between different mutants of mutator phages Mu and D108, we isolated a set of viable hybrids. The structure of the hybrids was analyzed by digestion with different restriction enzymes. Genetic studies show that hybrids which carry the left end of the Mu genome complement a mini-Mu deleted from within the A gene as well as Mu while hybrids with the left end of the D108 genome or D108 do not. Vice versa, hybrids with the left end of the D108 genome or D108, but not hybrids with the left end of the Mu genome or Mu complement a mini-D108 deleted from within the A gene. The nucleotide sequence of the A gene of Mu and its equivalent on D108 are mainly similar except on their left end. These observations demonstrate that the two pA products, although only partially different, have different specificities. PMID- 6222248 TI - The effect of histamine on microvascular permeability in the muscularis externa of rat small intestine. AB - Using in vivo microscopy and a fluorescent tracer, the effect of histamine on microvascular permeability was determined in the muscularis externa of the small intestine of anesthetized rats. The small intestine was exteriorized and epilluminated using a microscope equipped with a vertical illuminator and appropriate filters. Fluorescein isothiocyanate conjugated to serum albumin was injected intraarterially. Studies were monitored and videotaped using a closed circuit television system. Topical application of histamine resulted in focal leak of the conjugate from microvessels in the muscularis externa. The extent of leakage was quantitated by determining the area of leaks through use of a grid over the face of the videomonitor. Dose response studies were performed with histamine alone and plus H1- and H2-receptor antagonists, and with H1 and H2 agonists. The findings demonstrated that histamine increased microvascular permeability to macromolecules in rat small intestine muscle in a dose-dependent manner. This effect was mediated by H1 histamine receptors. PMID- 6222249 TI - Advances in diagnosis and treatment of renovascular hypertension. AB - In approximately 5% of the hypertensive population, hypertension is of a renovascular origin. Some of these patients may be cured of their disease by the modern treatment of transluminal dilatation of the stenosed renal artery. They no longer require hazardous surgery or life-long antihypertensive medication with its associated problems of side-effects, expense, and patient compliance. Decisions need to be made about which hypertensive patients should be investigated, how extensively, and the tests which should be performed to identify patients with this remediable form of hypertension. PMID- 6222250 TI - Continuous five-day infusion of PALA and 5FU: a pilot phase II trial. AB - In order to determine whether a simultaneous infusion of N-(phospho-n-acetyl)-L aspartic acid (PALA) was able to increase the rate of antitumor response to 5 fluorouracil (5-FU), a pilot study was conducted. Of 10 evaluable patients with previously drug-untreated colorectal carcinoma, there were only two partial responses, lasting 2.3 and 1.6 months. No partial responses were observed in three evaluable patients with soft tissue sarcomas. The dose-limiting toxicity was dermatitis. The simultaneous infusion of PALA and 5-FU is not likely to produce a high number of antitumor responses of long duration in patients with colorectal carcinoma. PMID- 6222251 TI - [Dynamics of the formation and elimination of diphyllobothriasis foci in the Sukhona River basin]. PMID- 6222252 TI - [Epidemiology of strongyloidiasis in the northern Caucassus]. PMID- 6222253 TI - Dracunculiasis surveillance--India. PMID- 6222254 TI - ["Left anterior hemiblock" or "extreme left axis deviation" in the ECG of children]. AB - A comprehensive study involving the use of ECG's from children at the Giessen University Children's Hospital was conducted with the specific intent of identifying all children with an extreme left-axis deviation. This study showed that, in a time period of five years, 212 out of 3618 children examined electrocardiographically had an extreme left-axis deviation according to very strict criteria, their ECG-types could be divided into three groups: 1. without heart defects, 2. with congenital heart anomalies, 3. after surgery for congenital heart problems. Measurement of the QRS-complex in eighty children without heart defect showed that fifty-nine of the children (73.8%) had a vector QRS between -30 degrees to -90 degrees. Ih the 88 children with congenital heart defects, and in 20 with an extreme left-axis deviation previous to surgery, an angle of -60 degrees to -90 degrees was found, most often in children with complete A-V canals of Down's Syndrome (as well as in children with transposition of the great arteries, univentricular heart or other complicated malformations of the heart). And finally, an extreme left axis deviation was very often found after surgery to correct Tetralogy of Fallot, ventricular defect, or endocardial cushion defect. Since an extreme left-axis deviation often occurs in children without heart defects, we would like to suggest that the term "Left anterior Hemiblock" be reserved for cases where there is certainty that damage to the conduction system has occurred. In all other cases, we prefer the term "left-axis deviation" as a more appropriate because an anomaly in the conduction system is more likely than a "block" i.e. an interruption of the conduction of electrical impulses through the heart muscle. PMID- 6222255 TI - Contraction time, histochemical type, and terminal cisternae volume of rat motor units. AB - Isometric contraction time (Tc) of 19 fast and slow rat motor units in the soleus and the tibialis anterior muscles was measured. The motor unit fibers subsequently marked by glycogen depletion were histochemically fiber typed as well as analyzed ultrastructurally with respect to volume of the sarcoplasmic reticulum terminal cisternae. The volume density of terminal cisternae (VVTC) was inversely related to Tc over the whole range of motor units, irrespective of type of muscle. The continuous variations in VVTC are concluded to match the extrinsic control of time course of contraction, and fusion frequency of the motor unit to match the frequency characteristics of the individual motoneurons. The volume density dependence of terminal cisternae function would result in an indirect coupling between amount and rate of calcium release and rate of calcium recaptured. VVTC and Tc were the same for some tibialis anterior and soleus motor units in spite of the different types of myosin, indicating that the type 1 and type 2 myosins have specific structural differences in fast as compared with slow muscles. PMID- 6222256 TI - Acute abdominal rhabdomyolysis after body building exercise: is there a "rectus abdominus syndrome?". AB - Report of a 19-year-old man who was admitted to the hospital after vigorous exercise with signs of the "acute abdomen" syndrome. Since intestinal reasons for the complaints were excluded, a myocardial infarction was considered. However, the excessively increased serum CK levels indicated a disorder of the voluntary muscles. A biopsy taken from the rectus abdominis revealed typical features of acute rhabdomyolysis, which was obviously restricted to the rectus abdominis. Together with a somewhat later observed autopsy case of a young male with acute abdominal rhabdomyolysis, also restricted to the rectus abdominis, this case gives rise to discuss, whether there exists a "rectus abdominis syndrome" analogous to the anterior tibial syndrome. PMID- 6222257 TI - Use of dichloromethylene diphosphonate in metastatic bone disease. AB - Dichloromethylene diphosphonate (clodronate), a new compound, has powerful activity against osteoclasts and has been used successfully to treat hypercalcemia associated with cancer. We studied its effects on calcium balance in patients with malignant osteolytic lesions. Ten normocalcemic patients with advanced metastatic bone disease or myeloma were evaluated in a baseline 20-day balance and calcium kinetic study. They were then randomized to a clodronate or placebo regimen, treated intravenously for two weeks and orally for a month, and finally reevaluated in another 20-day balance and kinetic study, conducted while they were still receiving treatment. The results show that both calcium balance and calcium absorption increased from base line in the clodronate group and that these changes were significantly different from those in the placebo group (mean change [+/- S.D.] in calcium balance [clodronate vs. placebo], 203.8 +/- 140.1 vs. -65.2 +/- 98.8 mg [5.1 +/- 3.5 vs. -1.6 +/- 2.5 mmol] of calcium per day, P less than 0.01; change in calcium absorption, 158.8 +/- 158 vs. -38.2 +/- 96.0 mg [4.0 +/- 4.0 vs. -1.0 +/- 2.4 mmol] per day, P less than 0.05). There was a marginal decrease in bone resorption in the clodronate group and no change in bone accretion. Our results suggest that clodronate may be a useful adjuvant in managing metastatic bone disease. PMID- 6222258 TI - Cutaneous reaction to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in patients with AIDS and Kaposi's sarcoma. PMID- 6222259 TI - Thymosin alpha 1 levels and helper:suppressor ratios in homosexual men. PMID- 6222260 TI - [Tinea unguis caused by Nannizzia gypsea (+)]. AB - We describe a case of tinea unguis in a 20 year old female student from Caracas. The peri-ungual skin of a thumb appeared altered first and, since 6 months, the lamina was being progressively invaded and destroyed. At the direct mycologic examination numerous, regular and irregular, hyaline fungal hyphae were visible. Culture was performed 9 times: several molds did grow, among which, eight times, we got numerous colonies of a strain that has been identified to Nannizzia gypsea (+). Owing to the rarity of the observation the bases for the diagnosis are discussed and the pertinent literature is reviewed. PMID- 6222261 TI - Awakening the unresponsive lymphocyte. PMID- 6222262 TI - [Microbiological short-time tests for the evaluation of mutagenic potential of chemical substances]. AB - During the last 20 years it became much more interesting to test new chemicals as fast as possible for their carcinogenic potency. Therefore new test models were developed. Mutagenicity seems to be one sign for carcinogenicity. Therefore test systems using microorganisms were studied which are influenced by mutagenic substances. These systems are described, first of all the Ames-Test, using revertants of Salmonella typhimurium, secondly the Escherichia coli system deficient of DNA-polymerase A (DNA-Pol A-). The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae was introduced some years ago and finally the Neurospora crassa system serves as an additional test to define exactly the localisation of mutations. The tests and their problems are discussed. PMID- 6222263 TI - [A mongoloid patient with a heart defect; what results can heart surgery offer?]. PMID- 6222264 TI - [The acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)]. PMID- 6222265 TI - [Dental care of patients with renal insufficiency. II]. PMID- 6222266 TI - Quantitation of hematoporphyrin derivative in human gliomas, experimental central nervous system tumors, and normal tissues. PMID- 6222267 TI - Possible resolution of a paradox concerning the use of p-chlorophenylalanine and 5-hydroxytryptophan: evidence for a mode of action involving adrenaline in manipulating the surge of luteinizing hormone in rats. AB - Various functions involving the central nervous system can be manipulated by the sequential administration of p-chlorophenylalanine and 5-hydroxytryptophan, compounds which respectively inhibit and restore the synthesis of 5 hydroxytryptamine in the brain. An involvement of 5-hydroxytryptamine in the control of a particular function has been considered established when the effect of p-chlorophenylalanine on that function can be overcome by treatment with 5 hydroxytryptophan. This assumption is not, however, invariably substantiated when the functional consequences of other methods of depleting 5-hydroxytryptamine are considered; studies on the control of the daily surge of luteinizing hormone in oestrogen-treated ovariectomized rats present such a paradox. The surge can be prevented by p-chlorophenylalanine and restored by 5-hydroxytryptophan. Nevertheless, neurotoxin-induced lesions of the 5-hydroxytryptamine projections from the raphe nuclei are compatible with a normal occurrence of the surge. We have therefore examined the effects of p-chlorophenylalanine and 5 hydroxytryptophan on hypothalamic monoamines in oestrogen-treated ovariectomized rats and find that the drugs respectively suppress and elevate the concentration of adrenaline in addition to that of 5-hydroxytryptamine. Phenylethanolamine N methyltransferase, the enzyme responsible for converting noradrenaline to adrenaline, is shown to be inhibited in vivo by p-chlorophenylalanine and in vitro by its metabolite, p-chlorophenylethylamine. The reciprocal effects of p chlorophenylalanine and 5-hydroxytryptophan on the concentration of adrenaline are of particular interest since drugs which inhibit adrenaline synthesis can block the luteinizing hormone surge. It is proposed that when the 5 hydroxytryptophan-reversible effects of treatment with p-chlorophenylalanine are not reproduced by other procedures which deplete 5-hydroxytryptamine, the significant action of these compounds may involve adrenaline. PMID- 6222268 TI - [Disorders of conduction in hospitalized patients over 70. Case contribution]. AB - The incidence of isolated or associated irregularities of conduction is examined in 300 (150 females, 150 males) hospital patients over 70 years old. The incidence of associations of various types of conduction problems and their possible relation to non-cardiac pathology is also examined. PMID- 6222269 TI - [Use of millimicrospheres of human albumin labeled with 99mTc for scintigraphy of the spleen in patients with malignant hemolymphopathies]. PMID- 6222270 TI - [Proglumetacin: analgesic anti-inflammatory treatment for orthopedic and traumatologic pathology]. AB - Twenty-three patients with orthopedic and traumatic disorders, mostly hospitalized, were treated with proglumetacin, 450 mg/day, during 5-45 days. Proglumetacin resulted to be a good analgesic and anti-inflammatory drug. Tolerance was good or excellent in all patients but one. Proglumetacin appears to be drug particularly suitable for the treatment of orthopedic and traumatic disorders, also in the postoperative course. PMID- 6222272 TI - Electronic flow control. PMID- 6222271 TI - [Short-term study of proglumetacin]. AB - Twenty-five patients with joint rheumatoid pain were treated as outpatients during 15 days with 450 mg/day fo proglumetacin. Efficacy was "good" or "very good" in 64% of the patients. No case of clinically significant side-effects was observed. PMID- 6222273 TI - Repeated apomorphine treatment causes behavioural supersensitivity and dopamine D2 receptor hyposensitivity. AB - This study reports the changes in the behavioural responsiveness of rats in the "Ungerstedt Model' following repeated injections of apomorphine. The changes in striatal [3H]haloperidol binding coincident with the behavioural responses are also estimated. Following unilateral lesions of the substantia nigra, the number of [3H]haloperidol binding sites in the ipsilateral striatum increase, and this effect correlates with the behavioural effect following a single apomorphine injection. Repeated apomorphine treatment, however, results in a decrease of neuroleptic binding sites in the ipsilateral and contralateral striatum accompanied by increased behavioural responses. Thus repeated apomorphine treatment discriminates the receptor mechanisms involved in the behavioural response from those receptors labelled by neuroleptics. PMID- 6222274 TI - Sources of hens for laboratory use and background neuropathology. PMID- 6222275 TI - Critical neurohistopathologic evaluation of adult specific-pathogen-free (SPF) single-comb White Leghorn hens. PMID- 6222276 TI - Workers' compensation medicine. Psychiatric evaluation. PMID- 6222277 TI - Norfloxacin for the treatment of uncomplicated urinary tract infections. PMID- 6222278 TI - Chronic pain and depression: universal or personal helplessness? AB - The study investigates beliefs about control and links it to the depression found in those with chronic pain. These beliefs are interpreted within the new model of learned helplessness which distinguishes personal helplessness from universal helplessness on the basis of attributions. Despite higher levels of depressive symptoms in the pain group, this was not reflected by higher levels of self-blame or beliefs in the actions of others, so personal helplessness was discounted. Higher beliefs in chance, lack of self-blame and correlations between chance, depression and pain support the presence of universal helplessness in this group. The reporting behaviour of pain patients is discussed in the light of these findings. PMID- 6222279 TI - [Relation between the electrophysiological activities of the digestive viscera and the signals received from the abdominal wall. Initial results in the waking rat]. AB - Experiments in the unanesthetized rats were made to examine the possibilities of relations between visceral and abdominal sites of electrodes implantation. From gastric duodenal ileal electrodes wire, relations may be observed with the surface records with the following limitation: in the frequencies greater than or equal to 200 cycles/mn ("A" range) the spiking visceral activity is never found from surface derivation where the EKG is frequently present. In the ranging of 60 to 80 cycles/mn correspondences of the signals are in relation with respiratory transmission. The slower frequencies from surface activity (longlasting RC time constant of 6 s are used) concern duodenal (38,8 +/- 0,98 cycles/mn) and ileal (28,6 +/- 1,9 cycles/mn) slow waves activities may be recognized in the sequences during several minutes in alternation with the C type activities. In such conditions of typical correspondences, it may be noticed modifications of signal during the viscero-parietal transmission: attenuation (averaging 0,7); dephasage of 5 to 12 seconds (swing to strong capacitive component acting as an active filter) and mixing with others activities not be identified. The methodological interest for a non invasive characterization of visceral physiological states is discussed. PMID- 6222280 TI - [Relations between Ia antigens and the products of Ir genes. A theory of the evolution of the immune response]. AB - To explain the relations between Ia and Ir, we propose the following hypothesis. It would exist an antigen specific factor released by T lymphocytes. This factor would be constituted by two parts: a variable fragment forming the antigenic receptor of T cells and coded by Ir genes, a constant fragment transmitting an helper or suppressor signal and carrying Ia antigens. Ia antigens would allow a mutual recognition between macrophages, T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes and a recognition by these cells of some mediators released during immune response. Ir genes products would allow the antigen recognition, if they correspond to the antigenic receptor of T lymphocytes. PMID- 6222281 TI - How many cancers are reversible or suppressible? PMID- 6222282 TI - Gelatinous transformation of the bone marrow. AB - A case of gross macroscopic gelatinous transformation of bone marrow associated with prolonged malabsorption due to celiac disease is reported. Histochemical studies support the view that the extracellular myxoid tissue is composed predominantly of acid mucopolysaccharides, and electron microscopy shows extracellular fine fibrillar and granular material. The replacement of marrow in this condition is histochemically different from serous fat atrophy occurring in epicardial fat, and it is suggested that it results from an increase in normal ground substance. It must be differentiated from metastatic signet ring adenocarcinoma. PMID- 6222283 TI - Defective monocyte chemotaxis in children with Down's syndrome. AB - Under-agarose random migration, chemokinesis and chemotaxis of monocytes from 36 patients with Down's syndrome were compared to those of monocytes from 42 healthy, age-matched control children. Random migration of monocytes from patients with Down's syndrome was comparable to that of controls. In contrast, chemotaxis of monocytes from patients with Down's syndrome was significantly decreased (P less than 0.001) when compared to that of controls, even though chemokinesis was significantly increased (P less than 0.001). Age, sex, and physical development of patients with Down's syndrome or of control children included in this study had no apparent effect upon monocyte mobility. PMID- 6222284 TI - The nucleotide sequence of Bacillus subtilis tRNA genes. AB - Clones carring Bacillus subtilis tRNA genes were isolated from a lambda 816 library. A recombinant phage lambda 816-BS83 which was hybridized effectively with unfractionated tRNA probes contained a 3-kb fragment. By a Southern's blot analysis, it was found that tRNA genes were located in Eco RI-Hinc II region of this fragment. Sequence determination revealed the presence of a cluster of four tRNA genes in this region. The gene organization was as follows: tDNALys-9bp tDNAGlu-81bp-tDNAAsp-30bp-tDNAPhe. The RNA sequences expected from tDNALys and tDNAPhe were identical with the reported RNA sequences. Two tRNA genes, tDNALys and tDNAAsp encoded the CCA sequence of 3'-terminal region, but the other two, tDNAGlu and tDNAPhe did not. A promoter-like sequence which corresponds to the sigma 55-recognition site was found in a region about 100bp upstream from tDNALys. PMID- 6222285 TI - The spc ribosomal protein operon of Escherichia coli: sequence and cotranscription of the ribosomal protein genes and a protein export gene. AB - The genes encoding the 52 ribosomal proteins (r-proteins) of Escherichia coli are organized into approximately 19 operons scattered throughout the chromosome. One of these, the spc operon, contains the genes for ten ribosomal proteins: L14, L24, L5, S14, S8, L6, L18, S5, L30 and L15 (rp1N, rp1X, rp1E, rpsN, rpsH, rp1F, rp1R, rpsE, rpmD, and rp1O). We now report the entire 5.9 kb nucleotide sequence of the spc operon. DNA sequence analysis has confirmed the genetic organization and refined the amino acid sequence of the ten r-proteins in this operon. It has also revealed the presence of two open reading frames past the last known gene (L15) of the spc operon. One of these corresponds to a gene (pr1A or secY) which recently has been shown by others to be involved in protein export. In addition, S1 mapping experiments indicate that a significant proportion of transcription initiated from the spc operon continues not only into the two putative genes, but also without termination into the downstream alpha r-protein operon. PMID- 6222287 TI - Integration of handicapped pupils. PMID- 6222286 TI - Effect of HMG protein 17 on the thermal stability of control and acetylated HeLa oligonucleosomes. AB - Many studies have implicated histone acetylation and HMG proteins 14 and 17 in the structure of active chromatin. Studies of the binding of HMG 14 and 17 to chromatin core particles have shown that there are two binding sites for HMG 14 or 17 located within 20-25 bp of the DNA ends of the core particles [13-15]. Such binding sites may result from the free DNA ends in the core particle being available for the binding of HMG 14 and 17. We have studied the effects of the binding of HMG 17 on the thermal denaturation of DNA in mono, di and trinucleosomes. In each case the binding of 1 HMG 17 molecule per nucleosome reduces the DNA premelt region by 50%, while the binding of 2 HMG 17 molecules per nucleosome abolishes the premelt region. From this it is concluded that there are two HMG 17 binding sites per nucleosome which are located between the entry and exit points to the nucleosome and the strongly complexed central DNA region. Highly acetylated mono, di and trinucleosomes have been isolated from butyrate treated HeLa S3 cells. For this series of acetylated oligonucleosomes, it has been found that there are also two HMG 17 binding sites per acetylated nucleosome. PMID- 6222288 TI - A case for concern? PMID- 6222289 TI - Assisting the adolescent with physical disabilities through a college health program. PMID- 6222290 TI - Physical impairment and teaching policy: an issues orientation. PMID- 6222292 TI - Achieving the (almost) impossible. PMID- 6222291 TI - Handicapped children: a home for the asking. PMID- 6222293 TI - Dental treatment of children with severe combined immunodeficiency. PMID- 6222294 TI - Medroxyprogesterone induced changes in rat liver. A light and electron microscopic study. AB - Medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) induced morphological alterations in the normal female rat liver and after carbon tetrachloride exposure were assessed by light and electron microscopy and morphometry. Administration of MPA increased the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) in normal rat. Carbon tetrachloride, injected intraperitoneally for four weeks, caused fatty accumulation, enlargement of the cell nucleus and decrease of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) and increase of the SER. After one week of recovery, without treatment, the fatty infiltration and the SER membranes decreased and the RER increased. MPA, following injury, induced a decrease in the fatty accumulation and mitochondrial volume density and the hepatocyte nuclear and cytoplasm size normalized. The SER membrane volume density increased and the surface density decreased, the RER membrane volume density increased while the surface density did not alter significantly. The volume densities of the mitochondria and the peroxisomes decreased in the MPA treated CCl4 exposed groups. The results demonstrate that MPA induces a proliferation of the SER in normal rat liver and after hepatic injury the compound has a beneficial effect on the regeneration. PMID- 6222295 TI - Adenomatoid tumor of the epididymis. Ultrastructural study of three cases. AB - Three cases of Adenomatoid Tumor of the Epididymis are presented. In these cases the ultrastructural and histochemical study is similar. The adenoid structures of the tumor were lined by epithelial cells with well differentiated microvilli, junction complexes and intercellular channels. The stroma was formed of bundles of collagen and elastic fibers. Acid mucopolysaccharides were found in the tubular structures of the tumor. This study supports the mesothelial origin of the Adenomatoid Tumor. PMID- 6222296 TI - [The endocrine future after chemotherapy]. PMID- 6222297 TI - [Does echography resolve the problem of diagnosis of extrauterine pregnancy at its onset?]. AB - Incipient ectopic pregnancy is always difficult to diagnose. Hormonal assays confirm pregnancy, but in "high tubal risk" women the site of ovular implantation must be determined as early as possible and this, in theory, can be done by ultrasound examination. However pseudogestational images resembling incipient ectopic pregnancy may be misleading, and in the tubal context ultrasound scans must be interpreted with caution before embryonic echoes can be identified in the amniotic cavity. PMID- 6222298 TI - [Fanconi's anemia. Incidence of its development into leukemia]. AB - Fanconi's anaemia (FA) is a hereditary disease transmitted in a recessive manner, characterized by congenital malformations and bone marrow aplasia. A high rate of chromosome breakage is observed in mitoses of cultured blood cells, but the caryotypes are normal. Forty-four patients (27 boys and 17 girls) were followed in the same department between 1962 and 1976. Most were treated with androgens, sometimes combined with corticosteroids. Nine patients died of acute granuloblastic leukaemia, with more than 25% bone marrow blasts; in three of these, cytogenetic examination showed clonal anomalies. Five patients were in preleukaemic state with non-blastic bone marrow; 4 showed clonal anomalies and 2 of these died of aplasia; the 5th patient had gross liver and spleen enlargement and died of haemorrhage. Among the 30 remaining patients 12 are still alive and 18 died of cerebral haemorrhage (7), hepatic failure (3), cardiac failure (1), pancreatitis (1), septicaemia (2) or graft-versus-host reaction after bone marrow transplantation. One patient transplanted 4 years ago has complete chimerism and is still alive without treatment. The incidence of leukaemic or preleukaemic state in this series was 30%, while no case of leukaemia was observed in 200 patients with acquired aplastic anaemia. Neither parents norsibship had leukaemia. Androgen treatment apparently did not increase the risk of leukaemia which developed within 1 to 13 years (mean = 5 years) of the diagnosis, was preceded by a 2 1/2 year long preleukaemic state with clonal chromosomal anamolies and invariably was of the granulocytic type. None of the patients developed cancer. The median survival in this series was 4 1/2 years. PMID- 6222299 TI - [Pulmonary thromboembolic complications of catheterization using the Swan-Ganz catheter]. AB - Twenty-two adult patients who had required catheterization with a Swan-Ganz catheter and had thrombosis of the internal jugular vein were investigated for pulmonary embolism. In 4 of these, pulmonary embolism was detected by angiography, and 2 patients who died with the catheter in situ had also pulmonary embolism. In 5 out of these 6 patients prophylactic heparin treatment failed to prevent this complication. This study suggests that the Swan-Ganz catheter placement is indicated only when the value of the information to be gained exceeds the potential risk. PMID- 6222300 TI - [Inhibition of prostaglandins in the syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (SIADH)]. AB - The role played by prostaglandins in the secretion of ADH and modulation of its action was investigated by testing the effects of prostaglandin synthesis inhibition in patients with SIADH of cerebral or pulmonary origin. Three patients with SIADH of central origin and 3 with SIADH of peripheral origin were subjected to 4 successive water-loading tests. In the first and fourth tests, the patients absorbed water 20 ml/kg bodyweight; in the second test they absorbed alcohol 2.5 ml/kg followed by water 17.5 ml/kg. The third test was preceded by a 3-day inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis with indomethacin 200 mg/day and aspirin 1.5 g/day. In patients with SIADH of peripheral origin the percent water-load excreted after 4 hours was low (less than 35%) with the 4 tests, whereas it reached 80% (p less than 0.001) with the third test (prostaglandin inhibition) in those with SIADH of central origin. Alcohol did not significantly correct the antidiuretic effect in any of the patients in both groups. It is concluded that prostaglandins reduce ADH secretion in central SIADH but do not modify antidiuresis in peripheral SIADH, since ectopic secretion probably does not depend on prostaglandins. The prostaglandin inhibition test therefore seems to be more helpful than the alcohol test to differentiate between central and peripheral SIADH. Further studies, however, are required to confirm these findings. PMID- 6222301 TI - [Intramural abscesses of the rectum]. AB - Intramural abscesses of the rectum developed in the complex longitudinal layer may be isolated or associated with a transphincteric fistula. They may be acute or subacute and are diagnosed by intrarectal palpation. The only treatment is surgical: the abscess is opened into the rectal cavity, except in case of association with suprasphincteric fistula, when it must be drained through the skin. Postoperative complications are minor ones and relapses are rare (1.75% of cases). PMID- 6222302 TI - [Secondary closure of the sternum in open-heart surgery. 50 cases]. AB - In intrathoracic cardiac and vascular surgery, immediate repair of median sternotomy sometimes results in rapid haemodynamic failure. We therefore chose delayed sternal closure in 50 patients with complex heart disease. Three cases of infection were recorded. This safe and easy procedure presents the advantage of being life-saving for more than one third of the patients. PMID- 6222303 TI - [Lyell's syndrome during treatment with a new anti-inflammatory agent]. PMID- 6222304 TI - [Evaluation of hemostasis in thrombotic pathology? A critical study apropos of 200 records]. PMID- 6222305 TI - [Treatment of diabetes mellitus by portable pump. Value of a solution of insulin 100 mu/ml]. PMID- 6222306 TI - [Postoperative peridural analgesia in children with respiratory handicaps]. PMID- 6222307 TI - [Spacing doses of amikacin in renal failure patients. Calculation based on blood creatinine expressed in micromoles]. PMID- 6222308 TI - [Mammary bypass. Study of circulation using ultrasonics]. PMID- 6222309 TI - [Modified U-stitch. A variant intended for the suture of friable tissues]. PMID- 6222310 TI - [Mononucleotic syndrome in rickettsiosis]. PMID- 6222311 TI - [Spontaneous rupture of the aorta through an atheromatous plaque. A case]. PMID- 6222312 TI - [Blood urea changes in drug poisoning]. PMID- 6222313 TI - [Hepatopathy and monoclonal gammopathy. Is this association always fortuitous?]. PMID- 6222314 TI - [Is lithium nephrotoxic?]. PMID- 6222315 TI - [Resistance of enterobacteria to the sulfonamide-trimethoprim combination. Course during the last 10 years]. AB - From january 1972 to december 1981, nearly 54.000 strains of enterobacteria isolated from clinical specimens were tested for susceptibility to the trimethoprim-sulfamide combination (co-trimoxazole). During that period, the overall resistance to trimethoprim increased from 17.9% to 32.7%, and there was a fourfold increase in the number of strains exhibiting high level resistance; 246 trimethoprim-resistant plasmids were transferred into E. coli K 12. The number and frequency of the other resistance markers co-transferred with trimethoprim are constantly increasing and as a result, more and more antibiotics are likely to be responsible for the selection of trimethoprim-resistant plasmids. In contrast, the proportion of trimethoprim-resistant mutants decreased from 11% to 5%. The use of co-trimoxazole in France may explain this low incidence. PMID- 6222316 TI - [Fibrotic interstitial pneumopathies. Collagenolytic activity of the alveolar fluid]. AB - Collagenolytic enzyme release in alveolar structures is probably one of the initial events leading to impaired balance between collagen synthesis and degradation in the connective matrix of the lung, resulting in pulmonary fibrosis. The collagenolytic activity was determined in the bronchoalveolar fluid of 40 normal subjects or patients with miscellaneous pulmonary diseases and was found to be present in seventeen, viz.: 7/7 patients with interstitial fibrosis, irrespective of its origin: 4/4 patients with radiation pneumonitis; 4/15 patients with sarcoidosis and 2/2 patients with transient eosinophilic pneumopathy. There was no evidence of fibrosis in the 23 patients who showed no collagenolytic activity. Thus, collagenolytic enzymes are present in the alveolar structures of patients with interstitial pulmonary diseases of diverse origin capable of leading to fibrosis. Monitoring the release of this enzyme by bronchoalveolar lavage could be useful to evaluate the risk of fibrosis in such patients. PMID- 6222317 TI - [Systolic arterial hypertension in patients amputated for injury]. AB - The blood pressure of 106 men who had undergone amputation of one limb on account of war injury was compared with that of 184 male controls of the same ages. All subjects with a diastolic pressure above 90 mmHg were excluded from the study. The diastolic pressure was statistically equivalent in both groups, but the amputees had a significantly higher systolic pressure. Changes in the visco elastic properties of the arterial system related to amputation might be responsible for this rise in systolic pressure. PMID- 6222318 TI - [Acute hemorrhagic pancreatitis caused by asparaginase. A case in a child with a favorable course]. AB - Acute haemorrhagic pancreatitis developed in a 12 year old boy treated for lymphoblastic lymphoma. No etiological factor could be identified, except for asparaginase. Although the condition was initially severe, the patient recovered. Regular CT monitoring demonstrated the formation of a pseudocyst in the pancreatic tail which spontaneously regressed without complications. PMID- 6222319 TI - [Pitfalls in the end-to-side anastomosis with the circular mechanical suture stapler]. AB - During end-to-side mechanical anastomosis with a circular stapler, an intestinal fold may be caught between the anvil and the loader resulting in obstruction, to a varying degree, of the efferent segment of the loop. This can be avoided by careful spreading of the bowel over the loader opposite the future anastomotic area. PMID- 6222320 TI - [Development of idiopathic acquired adult sideroblastic anemia into chronic myeloid leukemia]. PMID- 6222321 TI - [Acute renal failure after treatment with piromidic acid]. PMID- 6222322 TI - [Iliocaval thrombosis. Value of radiocinematography]. PMID- 6222323 TI - [Considerable increase of the level of erythrocyte i antigen in acute myeloblastic leukemia]. PMID- 6222324 TI - [Alveolar echinococcosis with spinal localization]. PMID- 6222325 TI - [Cardiac form of anguillulosis]. PMID- 6222326 TI - [Pharmacokinetics of ornidazole in the patient with renal failure; influence of hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis]. PMID- 6222327 TI - [Paraneoplastic hypercalcemia. Pulmonary uptake during technetium bone scintigraphy]. PMID- 6222328 TI - [Isolated parathyroid adenoma followed by diffuse hyperplasia. Development in a patient with chronic renal failure]. PMID- 6222329 TI - [Severe dermatomyositis. Inefficacy of plasma exchange?]. PMID- 6222330 TI - [Parathyroid autotransplantation during expanded total thyroidectomy for cancer]. AB - Autotransplantation of the parathyroid gland was performed in 28 out of 95 patients undergoing total thyroidectomy for carcinoma. The autotransplantation was supplementary in 15 patients who kept at least one parathyroid gland in the neck and substitutive in 12 patients who had total cervical parathyroidectomy. After 1 to 30 months' follow-up none of these patients had signs of hypoparathyroidism. The incidence of permanent hypothyroidism after total thyroidectomy was reduced from 7% to 2.1%. However, autotransplantation should be considered as a means of saving any cervical parathyroid that cannot be preserved and has been shown by histopathological examination to have escaped invasion by the carcinoma. PMID- 6222331 TI - [Long-term survival of patients with bone marrow aplasia treated with androgen therapy. 166 cases]. AB - 166 aplastic anaemia patients involved in a cooperative study including androgens were followed up for more than 2 years from the beginning of treatment. The mortality rate from aplasia was low (20% of all cases) after 2 years and nil beyond 5 years. The patients who died were either those who failed to improve but survived 2 years or those who late untreated relapse. Five deaths were due to acute leukaemia, but in 3 of these the diagnosis of aplastic anaemia was retrospectively doubtful. Long-term adverse reactions were rare: 2 cases each of benign hepatoma and peliosis; jaundice was frequent, but no cirrhosis was observed. Survivors who had been treated before puberty reached normal weight and height. Six normal pregnancies occurred. Paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria was noted in 8 patients with uncontrolled disease. After androgen therapy was discontinued 50% of the patients relapsed with equally or less severe symptoms. Relapses were more frequent when androgens were abruptly withdrawn or in cases with incomplete initial improvement. Most relapses responded to androgen treatment. More than 25% of the patients are still androgen-dependent. With or without maintenance androgen therapy, long-term improvement is incomplete in most cases, which suggests residual bone marrow deficiency, as seen in rodents with experimentally induced aplastic anaemia. PMID- 6222332 TI - [Surgical approach to the 3rd segment of the vertebral artery by a paramedian posterior route]. AB - Following an anatomical study of the lateral suboccipital region, the authors have devised an approach to the third segment of the vertebral artery, from C2 to the foramen magnum, which enabled them to treat an arteriovenous fistula in C1 while preserving the vertebral artery. The different operative stages and anatomical features are described. The simplicity and safety of this approach should encourage surgeons to use it. PMID- 6222333 TI - [Trichinosis. An autochthonous familial epidemic]. PMID- 6222334 TI - [Emphysematous pyelonephritis. 2 new cases]. PMID- 6222335 TI - [Diagnosis of overload disorders. Determination of alpha-lipoproteins]. PMID- 6222336 TI - [Spinal extradural hematoma disclosing thrombopenia with megaloblastic anemia]. PMID- 6222337 TI - [Prehepatic insulin therapy using an intraperitoneal diffusion chamber]. PMID- 6222338 TI - [Carcinoembryonic antigen in non-medullary thyroid cancers]. PMID- 6222339 TI - [Celioscopic treatment of tubal pregnancy: technical improvements]. PMID- 6222340 TI - [The vocabulary of pain. Proposals by the Taxonomy Committee of the International Association for the Study of Pain]. PMID- 6222341 TI - [A simple diagnostic test for primary hyperaldosteronism]. AB - Plasma aldosterone levels were measured as part of two suppression tests in 31 hypertensive patients on normal sodium diet and without recent treatment. Thirteen patients had essential hypertension, 6 had probable bilateral adrenal hyperplasia and 12 had confirmed Conn's adenoma. In the first test, aldosterone levels were measured in the supine patients, then after infusion of 2 litres of isotonic saline over 2 hours. In the second test, aldosterone levels were measured before and 3 hours after oral administration of Captopril 1 mg/kg. Plasma aldosterone values superior to 360 pmol.l-1 after sodium load or to 665 pmol.l-1 after Captopril were characteristic of primary hyperaldosteronism due to adenoma. The test using Captopril has the advantages of being rapid, of avoiding acute blood volume expansion and of being applicable to all forms of hypertension, including severe ones. PMID- 6222342 TI - [Study of critical levels of 3 antistreptococcal antibodies by data analysis]. AB - Prinqual, a new statistical data-analysis method was used to determine the critical titers of antistreptolysin O (ASLO), anti-DNase B (ADB) and antistreptokinase (ASK) in the sera of 104 patients with suspected streptococcal infection and 121 blood-donors. The whole range from pathological to normal was thus covered, thereby avoiding bias concerning the proportion of normal titers in a control population. Another advantage of the method was that the titers of the 3 antibodies were considered simultaneously and the semi-quantitative results of serological tests were avoided. It appeared from this study that the upper limits of normal values were: ASLO, 100 U; ADB, 240 U and ASK, 40 U. The first probably pathological values were: ASLO, 150 U; ADB, 480 U and ASK, 320 U. These results are compared with those available in the literature. PMID- 6222343 TI - [Coarctation of the abdominal aorta: diagnosis, pathogenesis, medical or surgical treatment. 7 cases]. AB - Seven cases of coarctation of the abdominal aorta are reported. The diagnosis, suggested by the presence of arterial hypertension associated with nonperception of the arterial pulse in the lower limbs and/or systolic murmur in the abdomen, is supported by non-invasive investigations, such as Doppler flowmetry of lower limb arteries and ultrasonography of the abdominal aorta. Arteriography, however, is mandatory because of frequently associated lesions of other arteries, notably renal and/or intestinal arteries. The type and location of these lesions are of prime importance to therapeutic decision. According to the results of the present study, surgery may not be required in all cases and may be replaced, in some very specific circumstances, by medical treatment. There is still disagreement concerning the congenital or acquired origin of this type of aortic coarctation and the mechanism of hypertension. The various theories put forward are discussed. PMID- 6222344 TI - [Immunoallergic complication induced by rifampicin with disseminated intravascular coagulation]. AB - In a 48-years old woman, intermittent rifampicin treatment induced an immunoallergic reaction with digestive disorders, haemolysis, acute renal failure and prolonged prothrombin time. The reintroduction of rifampicin, 17 days later, resulted in a similar, though more severe, reaction associated with diffuse haemorrhages from disseminated intravascular coagulation, this association being exceptional. The responsibility of rifampicin was demonstrated by the chronological relationship between clinical symptoms and administration of the drug, and by the presence in the patient's serum of anti-rifampicin antibodies. The antigen-antibody reaction with complement activation and haemolysis probably explains the disseminated intravascular coagulation. PMID- 6222345 TI - [Goodpasture's syndrome. Development of its prognosis from 1955 to 1982]. AB - A retrospective study of 258 reports of Goodpasture's syndrome published from 1955 to 1982 has made it possible to follow changes in prognosis and to determine the present prognostic factors. In these 27 years, the mortality rate has dropped from 86% to 13%, and 51% of the patients now survive without dialysis. Death from respiratory failure virtually disappeared as soon as plasmapheresis was introduced. However 36% of patients are still threatened with chronic renal failure, the risk being higher in patients with initial oliguria or anuria and with extra-capillary crescents involving more than 50% of glomerules, and still higher when these two factors coexist. In such a case, only 21% of patients may hope to survive in renal autonomy. PMID- 6222346 TI - [Anomaly of the systemic and pulmonary venous return without associated cardiac lesion]. PMID- 6222347 TI - [Hemodynamic effects of nifedipine in chronic cardiac failure]. PMID- 6222348 TI - [Acne rosacea. Efficacy of a metronidazole cream]. PMID- 6222349 TI - [Hodgkin's disease in an epileptic treated with hydantoins]. PMID- 6222350 TI - [Treatment of thoracic injuries. Contribution of peridural morphine analgesia]. PMID- 6222351 TI - [Myoclonic encephalopathy in a patient treated with an excessive dose of buflomedil]. PMID- 6222352 TI - [Treatment of toxoplasmosis with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole]. PMID- 6222353 TI - [Blood lipase in pancreatic diseases]. PMID- 6222354 TI - [Monoclonal gammopathy and benign hepatic diseases in the aged woman]. PMID- 6222355 TI - [Neonatal detection of hypothyroidism. Value and limitations]. PMID- 6222356 TI - [Non-gonococcal urethritis and cervicitis. Isolation of Chlamydia trachomatis and detection of anti-Chlamydia antibodies by indirect immunofluorescence]. AB - The responsibility of Chlamydia trachomatis in non-gonococcal urethritis and cervicitis was investigated in 267 patients of both sexes. It was confirmed in 36.3% of patients with urethritis and 20.9% of patients with cervicitis by isolating C. trachomatis on Hela 229 cells in the presence of cytochalasin B. No clinical feature specific of C. trachomatis infection could be elicited. The patients were tested for total IgM-type serum anti-chlamydia antibodies by indirect immunofluorescence (IF), using as antigen the inclusions formed in Hela 229 cells by an L2 serotype of C. trachomatis. The serological study was also performed in 86 blood-donors used as controls. The diagnostic value of IF serology is limited in lower genito-urinary infections; the presence of specific IgM's correlates well with the isolation of C. trachomatis, but these IgM's are not detected in protracted urethritis or cervicitis. In such cases, the aetiological diagnosis can only be made by isolation of C. trachomatis from the focus of infection. PMID- 6222357 TI - [Reliability of cytologic puncture. Who should perform the puncture of breast tumors?]. AB - In a period of 18 months, 187 cytology aspiration biopsies of the breast were performed at the Centre Francois Baclesse by clinicians and radiologists, using the conventional technique. Comparison of the results with clinical, radiological and histological findings by different specialists showed that one out of two aspiration biopsies gave an erroneous diagnosis. The authors believe that this failure was due to the fact that the biopsies were not performed by a cytologist. This prime condition of success should be more clearly expressed in the literature. PMID- 6222358 TI - [Transparietal biliary drainage. 27 cases]. AB - During a 2-year period, 27 patients with obstructive jaundice (due to cancer in 27) underwent transhepatic biliary drainage with an 85% success rate. Most of the failures occurred in early attempts and were due to lack of experience. In neoplastic obstructive jaundice, endoprosthesis proved superior to external drainage: jaundice regressed more frequently and more completely, the patients' comfort was improved, survival was significantly prolonged and complications were less frequent. Per-operative biliary drainage, used in a controlled trial, proved useless, as patients developed cholangitis. PMID- 6222360 TI - [Rehabilitation of the coronary patient]. AB - In the management of myocardial infarction prolonged confinement to bed has been superseded by early rising and rehabilitation, the latter being defined as all measures enabling the patient to resume his former activities and to achieve optimal physical and mental performances. Rehabilitation is primarily indicated for patients with recent uncomplicated infarction, severe exercise-induced angina untreatable by coronary bypass and after surgery of the coronary arteries or heart valves. It mainly consists of weekly training sessions aimed at improving physical performance. Its favourable physiological effects, now firmly established, include a 20-30% increase in maximum exercise and angina threshold with equivalent decrease in heart rate, blood pressure and myocardial oxygen consumption; a reduction in serum triglyceride levels, platelet aggregation and circulating and myocardial catecholamines; finally a considerable psychological impact with prompt and easy return to active life. PMID- 6222359 TI - [Treatment of an aneurysm of the abdominal aorta above a transplanted kidney. Renal protection by inert subclavian-femoral bypass]. AB - Opening and grafting of an aneurysm of the abdominal aorta located between and below the renal arteries were carried out in a 44-year old patient with a transplanted kidney in right hypogastric position. Renal ischaemia during clamping of the aorta was prevented by means of an inert bypass between the right subclavian and femoral arteries. The patient's renal function remained normal. The different techniques available to protect renal transplants are compared. PMID- 6222361 TI - [Percutaneous electrocoagulation of angiomas and varices of the lower limbs]. AB - The purpose of this method is to induce local thrombosis. A teflon-sheathed intraveinous needle is used to destroy by electrocoagulation the walls of subcutaneous vessels, thus inducing sclerosis at a distance. PMID- 6222362 TI - [Preservation of the spleen in surgery of splenic hydatid cyst]. PMID- 6222363 TI - [Acute cerebellar syndrome associated with sensitive neuropathy in a patient treated with metronidazole]. PMID- 6222364 TI - [Locked-in syndrome caused by thrombosis of the basilar trunk after spinal manipulation]. PMID- 6222365 TI - [Role of alcoholism in an emergency unit]. PMID- 6222366 TI - [Extradural empyema in the posterior fossa. Exclusively medical treatment]. PMID- 6222367 TI - [Emergency pulmonary angiography with a floating Swan-Ganz catheter]. PMID- 6222368 TI - [Pseudopurulent form of Still's disease in adults]. PMID- 6222369 TI - [Drug interaction: clometacin-lithium]. PMID- 6222370 TI - [Myeloma and myelofibrosis]. PMID- 6222371 TI - [Immediate hypertensive flare-up after coronary bypass. A predictable complication]. PMID- 6222373 TI - [Tuberculosis prevention with BCG vaccine and methods for increasing its effectiveness]. PMID- 6222372 TI - [Hormonal regulation of cardiac growth: hypothesis with regard to the adrenal cardiotropic steroid]. AB - The myocardium and the adrenals are enlarged simultaneously and the blood endogenic factor, characterized by immunoreactivity, similar to that of digoxin, arises during the cardiac hypertrophy-hyperplasia development, induced by the abdominal aorta ligature or hyperthyrosis. This factor is not identical with corticosterone or aldosterone. Digoxin-similar immunoreactivity and the biological activity were detected in the rabbit and rat adrenocortical chromatographic fractions out of aldosterone, corticosterone, spironolactone and/or desoxycorticosterone zones. The rabbit adrenocortical fraction, having digoxin-similar immunoreactivity and biological activity, stimulates the cardiac cell multiplication in the tissue culture. The cardiac hypertrophy-hyperplasia development, caused by the abdominal aorta ligature or hyperthyrosis, can be prevented by the administration of aminoglutethimide, inhibiting steroidogenesis. Therefore, the endogenic adrenocortical cardiotropic factor. (Called "endocardin" or "endocardiotonin") occurrence and its participation in the cardiac enlargement regulation and proteosynthesis, are considered possible. Chemical structure of this factor is unknown, but some 14-OH steroid derivatives (especially, estradiol) have digoxin-similar immunoreactivity and biological activity. The similar properties were specific to a synthetic (1-24) ACTH, being also detected in the blood of adrenalectomized animals. Since (1-24) ACTH exerts a parallel natriuretic effect, the hypothetic natriuretic hormone may be identical with ACTH or its fragment. PMID- 6222374 TI - Dental needs and treatment of mentally handicapped patients: a survey in Muckamore Abbey Hospital, Northern Ireland. PMID- 6222375 TI - Ordered and disordered phospholipid domains coexist in membranes containing the calcium pump protein of sarcoplasmic reticulum. AB - Data are presented that lead to an alternative model for the organization and molecular dynamics of lipid molecules near the Ca2+-stimulated, Mg2+-dependent adenosinetriphosphatase (Ca2+-ATPase; ATP phosphohydrolase, EC 3.6.1.3) of sarcoplasmic reticulum. Measurements of the steady-state fluorescence anisotropy of 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene in progressively delipidated sarcoplasmic reticulum membranes have been quantitatively interpreted in terms of a layer of lipid of high anisotropy (the lipid annulus) coexisting with lipid layers of very low anisotropy. In addition, the Ca2+-ATPase has been reconstituted into pure 1,2 dipentadecanoyl 3-sn-phosphatidylcholine membranes over a range of lipid-to protein ratios. High-sensitivity differential scanning calorimetry has demonstrated that roughly 30 lipid molecules per Ca2+-ATPase molecule (annular lipids) fail to undergo a calorimetrically detectable phase transition in the temperature range 4-44 degrees C. Roughly 100 lipid molecules beyond the annulus undergo a detectable phase transition at a temperature below the phase transition of pure lipid and with an enthalpy change [4.2 kcal/mol (1 kcal = 4.18 kJ)] about half that observed for pure lipid vesicles (7.7-7.8 kcal/mol). We propose that both the fluorometric and calorimetric data are consistent with a model in which a motionally inhibited lipid annulus is surrounded by a more extensive region of disrupted lipid packing order, which we have called the secondary lipid domain. PMID- 6222376 TI - Some general principles in free energy transduction. AB - Chemical potentials or standard chemical potentials of bound ligands cannot be used to follow the step-by-step transfer of free energy from one ligand to another in a free energy transducing cycle. The basic difficulty is that, in most states of the cycle, separate ligand free energies are not even defined because, when ligands are bound on the enzyme, the interaction free energy of the complex cannot simply be assigned to ligands nor in general even be divided between two ligands if both are bound. This is a mutual, indivisible free energy among enzyme and ligands. Separate ligand free energies are well defined only at the complete cycle level, where the enzyme drops out of consideration (returns to its original state). Other types of free energy are also considered in order to discuss recent work of Tanford. In principle, the kinetics and mechanism can be followed in molecular or atomic detail through the steps of a transduction cycle, but the transfer of free energy from one ligand to another cannot be so followed. PMID- 6222377 TI - Vectorial synthesis of a polysaccharide by isolated plasma membranes. AB - To ascertain the directionality of chitin synthesis by yeast plasma membranes, the external surface of Saccharomyces cerevisiae protoplasts was labeled with ferritin--concanavalin A. After protoplast lysis, plasma membranes were isolated and treated with trypsin to activate chitin synthase (UDP-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D glucose:chitin 4-beta-acetamidodeoxy-D-glucosyl-transferase, EC 2.4.1.16). The membranes were then enrobed in agar and allowed to synthesize chitin from UDP-N acetylglucosamine. After fixation and embedding in Epon, thin sections were stained for chitin with wheat germ agglutinin--colloidal gold complexes. The chitin marker was found near the ferritin-labeled external face of the membrane- i.e., the polysaccharide was located on the outside of the membrane, as it is in the intact cell. Chitin synthase activity was not detected in intact protoplasts before or after treatment with trypsin. The enzyme became available to trypsin activation after lysis of the protoplasts. Together with similar, previously reported experiments on the inactivation of chitin synthase by glutaraldehyde, these results indicate that the enzyme faces the interior of the cell. We conclude that, both in vivo and in vitro, the synthase receives N acetylglucosamine residues from UDP-N-acetylglucosamine at the cytoplasmic face of the membrane and transfers them vectorially to a growing chain of chitin that is concomitantly extruded to the outside. PMID- 6222378 TI - Hexamethylenebisacetamide-resistant murine erythroleukemia cells have altered patterns of inducer-mediated chromatin changes. AB - We determined inducer-mediated changes in chromatin structure near the globin genes in a variant line of murine erythroleukemia cells (MELC). The variant cell line, R1, was derived from the inducer-sensitive DS19 cell line by selection for inducer-resistance. R1 cells are resistant to induction of erythroid differentiation by hexamethylenebisacetamide (HMBA) whereas the parental line is HMBA-sensitive. Uninduced MELC (both inducer-sensitive DS19 cells and inducer resistant R1 cells) have DNase I-sensitive sites in chromatin containing the alpha 1- and beta maj-globin genes. These nuclease-sensitive regions are located within the beta maj-globin second intervening sequence (IVS2) and near the alpha 1-globin gene 5' cap site. Culture with HMBA causes changes in chromatin structure in both parental and variant cell lines. In DS19 cells, the DNase I sensitive site within the beta maj-globin IVS2 becomes more resistant to nuclease cleavage, and a new DNase I-sensitive region develops near the beta maj-globin cap site. In addition, the nuclease-sensitive region adjacent to the cap site of the alpha 1-globin gene increases, and a novel 5' nuclease-sensitive site is also established. In R1 cells, HMBA-mediated changes in chromatin structure are incomplete. The DNase I-sensitive site within the beta maj-globin IVS2 becomes more resistant to nuclease cleavage, but the nuclease sensitivity near the beta maj-globin cap site does not increase to the extent observed in DS19 cells. The pattern of nuclease sensitivity near the alpha 1-globin gene is essentially unchanged after culture of R1 cells with HMBA. Thus, in R1 cells, resistance to HMBA-induced expression of globin genes is associated with failure to detect inducer-mediated changes in chromatin structure 5' to the cap site of the alpha 1 and beta maj-globin genes. These results also suggest that the increased nuclease resistance of a site in the beta maj-globin IVS2 does not depend on the establishment of a DNase I-sensitive region near the beta maj-globin gene cap site. PMID- 6222379 TI - Clusters of point mutations are found exclusively around rearranged antibody variable genes. AB - We have examined the nucleotide sequences of a series of murine antibody genes derived from one kappa light chain gene in order to gain insight into the mechanism that specifically mutates variable genes. Six rearranged VK167 genes from hybridoma and myeloma cells were cloned from bacteriophage lambda libraries. The sequences were compared to the germ-line sequence of the VK167 gene, the JK genes, and the CK gene to identify sites of mutation. Four of six rearranged genes had extensive mutation which occurred exclusively in a 1-kilobase region of DNA centered around the V-J gene. No mutations were found at more distant sites in the intervening sequence or in the constant gene. The frequency of mutation was approximately 0.5% (32 mutations per 6,749 base pairs). Mutations were mostly due to nucleotide substitutions with no preference for transitions or transversions. The location of mutations around each gene indicates that they occur in clusters at random sites. The observation of mutations in the intervening sequence downstream from the JK5 gene rules out models for the mechanism of mutagenesis that rely solely on gene conversion or recombination. The distribution and high frequency of mutations are most easily explained by a mechanism of error-prone repair that occurs during several cycles of cell division. PMID- 6222380 TI - Monoclonal antibodies against HLA-DR antigens replace T helper cells in activation of B lymphocytes. AB - In the presence but not in the absence of pokeweed mitogen (PWM), monoclonal antibodies against HLA-DR antigens 147 and 164 helped highly purified B lymphocytes to proliferate and mature to Ig-secreting cells. In contrast, neither anti-DR antibody 231 nor the UCHT1 monoclonal anti-human T cell antibody (both of the same isotype as the 147 and 164 anti-DR antibodies) exhibited any helper activity on B cells. B cells pulsed with PWM and subsequently cultured in the presence of anti-DR antibody 147 or 164 proliferated and secreted Ig, whereas B cells that first were pulsed with antibody 147 or 164 and then incubated with PWM did not. PWM alone did not induce any of these responses on purified B cells. Also, antibodies 147 and 164 significantly increased the number of Ig-secreting cells obtained from the WT51 Epstein-Barr virus-transformed B-cell line. Anti-DR antibody 231 inhibited the helper activity on WT51 cells mediated by anti-DR antibody 164. Finally, anti-DR antibodies 147 and 164 assisted B cells from the spleen of athymic nu/nu mice (which bear I-E-encoded products) to produce IgM antibodies against sheep erythrocytes. However, these antibodies had no effect on mouse B cells which do not express on their surface I-E-encoded Ia antigens. Taken collectively, these findings suggest that the structures detected by anti DR antibodies 147 and 164 on B lymphocytes function as acceptors/transducers of T cell-derived helper signals. PMID- 6222381 TI - Visualization of human C4b-binding protein and its complexes with vitamin K dependent protein S and complement protein C4b. AB - C4b-binding protein (C4bp) participates in the regulation of the C3 convertase of the classical pathway of complement. By binding to C4b, which is one of the structural subunits of this enzyme, C4bp accelerates the decay-dissociation of the enzyme and renders C4b susceptible to degradation by factor I (C3b inactivator). C4bp is a high molecular weight plasma protein (Mr = 570,000) composed of apparently identical subunits (Mr = 70,000) linked by disulfide bonds. In plasma and in purified form C4bp also forms a bimolecular complex (Kd = 0.9 X 10(-7) M) with protein S, a recently identified vitamin K-dependent plasma protein. The binding sites on C4bp for protein S and C4b are distinct and noncompetitive and protein S does not influence the function of C4bp as a regulator of the C3 convertase. C4bp, C4b, and protein S were visualized by electron microscopy by negative staining. C4bp was found to have an unusual spider-like structure. It is composed of seven thin (30 A), elongated (330 A), and flexible subunits that are linked to a small central body. Protein S exhibited two globular domains of equal size with a center-to-center distance of approximately equal to 50 A. Protein S was found to bind to the C4bp through only one of its domains by attaching to a short subunit that is distinct from the other seven subunits. C4b imaged as an irregular, relatively compact molecule. It was found to interact with the peripheral ends of the elongated subunits, suggesting seven C4b-binding sites per molecule of C4bp. PMID- 6222383 TI - Development of thyroid autoimmunity. PMID- 6222382 TI - Definition of two pathways for generation of suppressor T-cell activity. AB - Antigen-stimulated Ly1 cells induce T cells from nonimmune donors to develop potent feedback suppressive activity. Suppression is mediated by Ly23 suppressor T (Ts) cells, which are generated from either Ly23 or Ly123 precursors. Ts activity generated from Ly23 precursors requires a strong inducer signal and is rapidly expressed but short lived. In contrast, Ts activity from Ly123 precursors is relatively long lived and is efficiently generated by relatively low levels of inducer signals. Induction of both Ly123 and Ly23 precursors to become Ts cells requires that both cells share genes linked to the Ig-H locus. PMID- 6222384 TI - Unusual manifestations in primary hypothyroidism. AB - Nineteen patients with overt hypothyroidism were examined for the prevalence of myocardial disfunction, respiratory disturbances, peripheral neuropathy, and visual failure due to pituitary enlargement. Prevalences of pericardial effusion and myocardial disfunction (decrease PEP/LVET) were 50% and 75%, respectively. The degree of decreased myocardial function did not parallel with the grade of pericardial effusion. Arterial blood analysis indicated a frequent incidence of hypoxia in hypothyroidism. The incidence of hypoxia was 69%. The hypoxia was improved by thyroxine replacement therapy. In 6 patients examined for the ventilatory control, all had the index for hypercapnic ventilatory drive lower than normal control. It was suggested that the hypoxia in hypothyroidism was caused by a depression of the respiratory center in the brain and by anemia. Sensory nerve conduction was diminished in 6 of 11 hypothyroid patients and motor conduction in 6 of 15 was studied. In distal segments of sensory nerves, the abnormality frequently appeared before clinical symptoms of polyneuropathy. Visual field defect was detected in 71% of patients suffering of primary hypothyroidism. The most common characteristic change was the defect in the central visual field. All cases of visual field defect were cured by thyroid hormone replacement therapy. Two cases with deteriorated visual failure who did not improve during physiological replacement, were successively treated with over dosage of thyroid hormone. PMID- 6222385 TI - The influence of serotonin and p-chlorophenylalanine on locomotor activity of Drosophila melanogaster. AB - Two hours after injection of serotonin into 3-day-old virgin females of Drosophila melanogaster, a significant dose-dependent increase in locomotor activity was observed. Since this stimulating effect can be produced either by serotonin or by some of its derivatives that might have formed during these two hours, the fate of injected [3H]-serotonin in the organism of Drosophila was traced by means of thin layer chromatography. The only metabolite found appeared to be N-acetylserotonin. Its formation was rather intense immediately after injection of [3H]-serotonin, and its excretion was rapid enough to make it undetectable at the end of the second hour, when more than 50% of the injected [3H]-serotonin still remained and was being absorbed by tissues. Thus, the increase in locomotor activity observed two hours after injection should be wholly attributed to serotonin, while the rather long latency might be related to some effect of N-acetylserotonin. p-Chlorophenylalanine, an inhibitor of tryptophan-5-hydroxylase, both injected or administered with food, led to increases in locomotor activity level and to some decreases in serotonin content in the heads of flies. The effect of p-chlorophenylalanine on locomotor activity in Drosophila seems to be non-specific in relation to serotoninergic mechanisms of its regulation. PMID- 6222386 TI - Further consideration of the learning impairment after aceperone in the marmoset: effects of the drug on shape and colour discrimination and on an alternation task. AB - Ten marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) learned to discriminate between pairs of small grey objects differing only in shape or small plain plaques differing only in colour, in a Wisconsin General Test Apparatus. Each day, each animal was presented with three consecutive visual discrimination problems in the order shape-colour-shape or colour-shape-colour. After aceperone, an alpha noradrenergic antagonist, animals were impaired at learning the first but not the subsequent tasks of each trio. These results suggest that the previously observed impairment [10] on the first of a pair of object discrimination tasks after aceperone is a consequence of disruption of a mechanism common to both shape and colour discrimination learning. The fact that there is no impairment on task 2 in a dimension differing from task 1 suggests that the deficit is not one of attending to, or switching attention to, the appropriate visual dimension. Three further marmosets were trained to perform an alternation task and tested under aceperone. No impairment in performance was seen, suggesting that a variety of cognitive skills other than stimulus-reward association were intact. We conclude that the impairment following aceperone is a dysfunction of processes involved in association formation, but that it is one which is manifest only when the animal is faced with a type of task which has not recently been performed and that it can be overcome with persistence even the animal encounters novel stimuli. PMID- 6222387 TI - Zimelidine: a placebo-controlled trial in depression. AB - Twenty-eight hospital inpatients with a primary major depressive disorder were treated with either zimelidine or placebo. Patients were matched for age, sex, and initial severity of depression and assigned double blind to the treatment regimen. An initial dosage of 150 mg/day was used for up to 6 weeks. Zimelidine was significantly more effective in alleviating the symptoms of depression than placebo, with 82% of zimelidine and 25% of placebo patients showing clinical improvement. There were few complaints of severe side effects in zimelidine treated patients, and few effects on the cardiovascular system. Two zimelidine treated patients were withdrawn for suspected drug-related adverse events. Zimelidine was a safe, effective antidepressant in this group of patients. PMID- 6222389 TI - Meeting the health care needs of children with disabilities. PMID- 6222388 TI - Inhibitors of serotonin and noradrenaline uptake in human plasma after withdrawal of zimelidine and clomipramine treatment. AB - Ten patients with endogenous depression, who had not taken any antidepressive drugs for 3 months, were treated with 100 mg b.i.d. zimelidine (five patients) or 75 mg b.i.d. clomipramine (five patients) for 5-10 weeks. Blood samples taken before and at various times after stopping the treatment were analysed for plasma concentrations of the drugs and their desmethylated metabolites, the uptake of 14C-serotonin in platelets incubated in platelet rich plasma, the concentration of serotonin in whole blood, and the inhibitory effect of the plasma on the accumulation of 14C-serotonin and 3H-noradrenaline in rat hypothalamic synaptosomes. It was found that these uptake measures were normalized within 1 to 2 weeks after zimelidine withdrawal, whereas the effects after clomipramine persisted for 3 to 4 weeks. Norzimelidine, the desmethylated metabolite of zimelidine, caused the effects after zimelidine treatment. Both clomipramine and its metabolite desmethylclomipramine were involved in uptake inhibition after clomipramine treatment. The mean pretreatment values of 14C-serotonin uptake in the platelets did not differ significant from an age and sex matched control group.l PMID- 6222390 TI - Inducible repair of thymine ring saturation damage in phi X174 DNA. AB - The susceptibility to inducible SOS repair of 5,6-dihydroxy-dihydrothymine (t') damage in single-stranded phi X174 DNA has been measured. Following exposure to osmium tetroxide, which introduces t' damage in DNA under the conditions used, biological survival of the DNA infected into spheroplasts of Escherichia coli which had received prior exposure to ultraviolet light was higher than in unexposed spheroplasts. From our results, we conclude that approximately 63% of the biological damage from t' products, which is one of the classes of damage present in DNA following ionizing radiation, is susceptible to repair by the inducible SOS repair system. PMID- 6222391 TI - [Backache and low back pain. Diagnosis and treatment]. AB - In patients with back pain there is only a poor correlation between clinical and radiological symptoms. Therefore the interpretation of radiological findings is only possible with respect to the natural history of the disease. Indication for radiological examination is given for early diagnosis and treatment of malformation of the spine; diagnosis and treatment of functional disturbances of the spine with back- and low back pain and diagnosis and treatment of diseases which affect the stability of the vertebrae. PMID- 6222392 TI - [Roentgen diagnosis of backache]. PMID- 6222393 TI - [The leading symptom, backache, in children. The spectrum of radiological findings]. PMID- 6222394 TI - [Backache from the point of view of the nuclear medicine practitioner]. AB - Radionuclide skeletal scintigraphy is recognized as a screening method for patients with back pain. The analog scintigram is a functional image with high sensitivity and low specificity. The improvement in specificity can be achieved using computer procedures as digital imaging, smoothing, contrast enhancement and profile selection to quantitate certain properties of the scan. Three-phase skeletal scintigraphy, 67-Ga-citrate or 111-In labeled leucocytes augment the specificity, too. PMID- 6222395 TI - [The importance of radiotherapy in backache]. AB - Painful changes of the vertebral column frequently can be treated by radiation therapy, although fundamental differences have to be made between benign or primary and secondary malignant diseases. As efficacy is totally different for benign and malignant diseases, the dosage radiation is many times lower or higher respectively. For both ranges of application but especially for the treatment of benign diseases a critical profit-risk analysis with careful consideration of alternative therapy should find out the distinct indication. PMID- 6222396 TI - The vasa vasorum and angioplasty. AB - Interruption of flow in the vasa vasorum may lead to medial necrosis and aneurysm formation. The purpose of this study was to determine whether angioplasty produces significant alterations in the morphology or blood flow of the vasa vasorum of the dilated artery. The morphology of the canine vasa vasorum was studied before and after angioplasty; in a separate experiment vessel wall blood flow (VWBF) in canine carotid arteries was measured after angioplasty to determine whether physiologic regulation of the blood flow was disrupted by arterial dilation. No morphologic changes could be demonstrated in the vasa vasorum of the dilated artery; however, VWBF was increased by 1194 +/- 215% (mean +/- standard error, p less than 0.01) between 90 and 120 minutes after angioplasty. VWBF in the adjacent nondilated arterial segment was also increased (720 +/- 177% between 10-30 minutes, p less than 0.01) but returned toward normal after 60 minutes. Adenosine caused a "paradoxical" decrease in VWBF (p less than 0.05) of the dilated arterial segment while causing increased VWBF (p less than 0.05) in the thoracic aorta. Angioplasty appears to produce persistent hyperemia in the dilated arterial wall. A paradoxical response to adenosine suggests that vasa vasorum in the dilated arterial segment are maximally vasodilated. This may be due to mechanical disruption of vasomotor tone or to release of vasoactive substances. PMID- 6222397 TI - Transluminal angioplasty of the abdominal aorta. AB - Transluminal angioplasty of the abdominal aorta was performed in 6 women between 49 and 69 years of age with histories of cigarette smoking. Five had a relatively small aorta. This procedure is effective in treating focal aortic stenoses. PMID- 6222398 TI - Genetic aspects of the cardiomyopathies. PMID- 6222399 TI - Cardiovascular defects associated with chromosomal aberrations and malformation syndromes. PMID- 6222400 TI - [An experience in postgraduate education in pedodontics]. PMID- 6222401 TI - [Electromyography in ophthalmological practice. II]. PMID- 6222402 TI - [Importance of the diagnosis and therapy of posterior cyclitis]. PMID- 6222403 TI - [Use of the Mawas test in patients with cataract]. PMID- 6222404 TI - [Chorioretinal inflammation and retinal detachment]. PMID- 6222405 TI - [Ergoophthalmological research in the contemporary human ecosystem]. PMID- 6222406 TI - [The role of prostaglandins in general pathology and in ophthalmology]. PMID- 6222407 TI - [Ocular complications of diabetes mellitus of maturity]. PMID- 6222408 TI - [Simultaneous bilateral operations for cataract]. PMID- 6222409 TI - [Single-strand thread suture of corneal wounds]. PMID- 6222410 TI - [Transitory intraocular hypertension after cryo-extraction of the crystalline lens]. PMID- 6222411 TI - [Late results of the Scheie operation]. PMID- 6222412 TI - [Slight incidents of ketamine anesthesia in ophthalmologic surgery in children]. PMID- 6222413 TI - [The "Jules Francois" dyscephalic syndrome]. PMID- 6222414 TI - [Autoaggression in sympathetic ophthalmia]. PMID- 6222415 TI - [Congenital malformations of the papilla. Diagnostic difficulties]. PMID- 6222416 TI - [Classical and modern concepts in the surgery of cancer of the larynx and cervical lymph-node metastases]. PMID- 6222417 TI - [Discrepancy between the histopathological and clinical diagnosis in laryngeal cancer]. PMID- 6222418 TI - [Etiopathogenesis, symptomatology and treatment of idiopathic hemotympanum]. PMID- 6222419 TI - [Use of insulin in the treatment of vocal cord nodules]. PMID- 6222420 TI - [Changes in acoustico-vestibular function in glaucoma patients]. PMID- 6222421 TI - [Pathogenetic links between focal infections and various dermatoses]. PMID- 6222422 TI - [Current pathological relations between inflammatory ORL diseases and bronchiectasis]. PMID- 6222423 TI - [Etiopathogenetic aspects of vasomotor rhinitis]. PMID- 6222424 TI - [Different radiographic and surgical findings in chronic otomastoiditis]. PMID- 6222425 TI - [Treatment of perceptual deafness of cervical origin]. PMID- 6222426 TI - [A case of survival after mechanical strangulation]. PMID- 6222427 TI - [An atypical cholesteatoma resembling an infected cyst, localized in the jugular fossa and posterior surface of the petrous bone, with the point of departure and fistula into the tympanic cavity]. PMID- 6222428 TI - [Morphology and anteroposterior body equilibrium in spondylolisthesis L5-S1]. AB - The authors have studied standard radiographs of 200 patients with lumbosacral spondylolisthesis, 52 of whom had been treated operatively. The radiographic technique is described. It allows measurement of pelvic retroversion and its influence on the appearance of slipping. The shape of the sacrum is not a consequence of the position of the pelvis but can alter during growth. Trunk imbalance may lead to increased stress with fracture of the pars interarticularis. Observation of these features makes it possible to follow the development of the deformity and to adopt appropriate treatment. PMID- 6222429 TI - [Congenital metatarsus varus. Value of orthopedic treatment and role of surgery. Apropos of 290 cases]. AB - The authors have reviewed 252 children with congenital metatarsus varus as distinct from club foot with an adequate follow up. They describe fully conservative treatment of the condition and conclude that true correction was obtained in about 80 p. 100 of cases by the age of 3 years and that another 16 p. 100 healed between the ages of 3 and 5 years. There are only about 4 p. 100 of cases which are complex and do not correct. The authors emphasize the fact that among 96 p. 100 of corrections the conservative treatment had no influence whatsoever. When the foot does not correct by the age of 5 years surgery is indicated. Heymann's procedure of correction at Lisfranc's joint seems to give the best results. PMID- 6222430 TI - [Chronic anterior and internal instabilities of the knee. Theoretical study. Clinical and radiological diagnosis]. AB - Antero-medial instability of the knee comprises 96 p. 100 of all knee instabilities. In most instances, the instability is moderate and cannot be analyzed without an adequate understanding of the anatomy and mechanics of the joint. They usually occur after forced movement in medial rotation which ruptures the anterior cruciate ligament and may rupture the postero-medial ligament. Less frequently, they appear after a strain in abduction, flexion and lateral rotation. Some degree of hyper-extension may be added to the primary causal strain. Diagnosis is mainly based on the physical examination which determines the type of surgical procedure that should be made. An anterior draw sign and a click in medial rotation are present when the anterior cruciate ligament is torn. When these signs are very marked, it implies an associated tear of the postero medial ligament. Standard X-rays and arthrography are most important. Arthroscopy is not of great value and only makes it possible to visualize the meniscus lesions which are important for prognosis. The author describes an original concept of the mechanics of rotation of the knee and the pathogenesis of lesions of the medial capsulo-ligamentous layer. PMID- 6222431 TI - [Lateral stenosis caused by arthrosis and static disorders of the lumbar spine]. AB - The authors have reviewed thirty seven cases of spinal stenosis associated with arthrosis. Twenty five of them had an associated static condition of the lumbar spine, either scoliosis of lordosis. An analysis of the relationship between these two syndromes has been made. It is concluded that the static lesion was the cause of root involvement and influenced the degree and rapidity of this involvement. The average age of the patient was 62.6 years. It is suggested that a number of static lesions of the spine in childhood should be diagnosed and treated, especially a horizontal sacrum. PMID- 6222432 TI - [Pathogenesis of cysts of the external meniscus]. AB - A classification of cysts of the menisci into three groups is proposed. The first is secondary to dystrophy of the meniscus. The second is secondary to traumatic lesions of the meniscus. Third is related to degenerative changes in the meniscus. The authors have studied 7 cases in the first group, 23 in the second group and 15 in the third group. They emphasize the role of a horizontal defect in the meniscus with subsequent formation of a cyst. They consider that, in monopodal weight-bearing, intra-articular pressure forces synovial fluid into the defect to initiate the formation of a cyst. The authors propose that the cyst and the damaged meniscus should be systematically removed to avoid recurrence. PMID- 6222433 TI - [The hip in sickle-cell anemia and its surgical treatment. Apropos of 4 cases]. AB - The authors report 4 cass of hip involvement in sickle-cell anaemia. The patients were aged, 3, 12, 18 and 24 years and presented with the appearances of avascular necrosis of the femoral head. Three had a femoral osteotomy with a good result. A review of the literature was made to determine the pathogenesis, epidemiology and classification into 3 groups. The authors consider that osteotomy acts by diminishing pressure in the area of bone necrosis. The eventual need for total hip replacement is discussed. PMID- 6222434 TI - [2 cases of vertebral hydatidosis treated by the association of surgery and mebendazole]. AB - Two cases of vertebral hydatidosis were diagnosed only at the time of operation. The first one, a lumbar localisation treated as a tuberculosis, by posterior graft and chemotherapy went to a large vertebral destruction with paraplegia. An anterior approach revealed the hydatids. A large excision associated with graft and osteosynthesis gave only a temporary improvement, but the treatment by Mebendazol cured the neurological symptoms. The second case, with a large destruction of L5 and S1, was also treated as a tuberculosis even after a decompressive laminectomy and recognized at a second operation on the sacrum. A left paralysis, incompletely improved by a decompression, appeared as favourably influenced by Mebendazol. Epidemiologic conditions of hydatosis, difficulties of diagnosis of the rare bony localizations, are recalled. The great problem of treatment, especially in the most frequent vertebral lesions, where complete excision is impossible, appears as hopefully improved by Mebendazol. PMID- 6222435 TI - [Idiopathic recurrent proximal tibiofibular dislocation in adults. 3 cases treated by an original surgical technic]. AB - Three cases of recurrent dislocation of the proximal end of the fibula were seen and treated by an original technique combining a fibulo-tibial screw and the creation of a pseudarthrosis at the upper end of the fibula shaft. The results were satisfactory. The authors have made a review of the literature and found seventeen comparable cases, ten in children and seven in adults. The authors describe the complications which may follow a tibio fibular arthrodesis or resection of the proximal end of the fibula. PMID- 6222436 TI - [Atloaxoid dislocation with basilar pressure and spinal cord symptoms in rheumatoid arthritis. A case of occipitocervical arthrodesis followed by resection of the odontoid]. AB - The authors report a case of atlanto-axial dislocation in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis. There was some neurological impairment with upper limb pain and hyperreflexia. As a first stage, a cranio-cervical fusion was performed through a posterior approach. Three weeks later the axis was excised through an antero-lateral approach, together with its odontoid process. The patient's condition was much improved and the neurological lesions disappeared. PMID- 6222437 TI - [Present treatment of Down's syndrome]. PMID- 6222438 TI - [Alcoholic myocardiopathy (I). Historic evolution of its knowledge]. PMID- 6222439 TI - [Pain in the anterior abdominal wall. Treatment by selective destruction of the nerve by heat]. PMID- 6222440 TI - [Orthodontics and children's dentistry]. PMID- 6222441 TI - Increased synthesis of the phosphorylated form of the myosin light chains in cardiac hypertrophy in the rat. AB - The incorporation rate of [3H]leucine into cardiac myosin subunits was studied in rat hearts undergoing hypertrophy secondary to constriction of the ascending aorta. Cardiac myosin was prepared by a modified Shiverick's method on the second and fourth day after constriction. Myosin light chains were separated by urea and subjected to two-dimensional electrophoresis. Incorporation of [3H]leucine was determined in electrophoretically separated heavy and light chains by the method of Martin et al. (11). It was found that the incorporation rate of [3H]leucine into the phosphorylated form of the myosin light chain 2 is significantly increased in hypertrophic heart as compared to sham animals. PMID- 6222442 TI - Cardiac synthesis and degradation of pyridine nucleotides and the level of energy rich phosphates influenced by various precursors. PMID- 6222443 TI - Adaptive and pathological alterations in experimental cardiac hypertrophy. PMID- 6222444 TI - Effect of coenzyme Q10 on hypertrophied ischemic myocardium during aortic cross clamping for 2 hr, from the aspect of energy metabolism. AB - In order to perform intracardiac repair safely during aortic cross clamping, we designed this study to evaluate the protective effect of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) on hypertrophied ischemic myocardium from the aspect of energy metabolism. Six to nine months preceding the study, aortic bandings were carried out on 14 puppies to produce left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH). These dogs with LVH were then subjected to total cardiopulmonary bypass and were evenly divided into control and CoQ10-treated groups (10 mg/kg of intravenous administration plus 1 mg/kg per hr of intracoronary injection). Myocardial ischemia was induced by aortic cross clamping for 2 hr under moderate systemic hypothermia. The results indicated that the administration of CoQ10 had a protective effect on hypertrophied ischemic myocardium, since depletion of high-energy phosphate (HEP) was uniformly prevented, and accumulation of lactate was simultaneously decreased during the 2 hr of aortic cross clamping. On the other hand, there were marked exhaustion of HEP and rapid increase in lactate following the 2 hr of ischemia in the control group, these being much more predominant in the subendocardial layer. PMID- 6222445 TI - Reflections on what makes the heart grow. AB - Under conditions of experimental cardiac overload and hypertrophy in rats, a digoxinlike immunoreactivity appears in their serum which is correlated with cardiac growth. It is hypothesized that this is caused by the presence of an endogenous cardiotropic factor displaying cross immunoreactivity with digoxin. Additional evidence of the existence of the putative cardiotropic factor is provided by the finding that the sera of rats with cardiac overload displaying digoxinlike immunoreactivity stimulate the multiplication of rat cardiac myocytes in the tissue culture. This factor may be an adrenal steroid different from corticosterone and aldosterone. The name endocardin or endocardiotonin for this substance is suggested. PMID- 6222446 TI - Force-velocity-length relationship during cardiac hypertrophy. Time course of activation. AB - Basic mechanical properties observed during cardiac hypertrophy were studied in left ventricular rat papillary muscles after exposure to chronic pressure and/or volume overloading. It is always possible, during such overloading conditions, to define the level of contractility in terms of a force-velocity-length (F-V-L) relationship regardless of time and initial length. Thus, during a determined period of the contraction phase and for a given total load, shortening velocity remained an univocal time-invariant function of shortening length, involving a time-independent maximum intensity of activation. The onset of this precise phase was reached relatively soon after stimulus. The time-independent F-V-L relation was observed both in controls and in hypertrophied heart muscles, whatever the degree and the type of induced hypertrophy, and even during the latest phases of congestive heart failure. PMID- 6222447 TI - Hemodynamics, regional myocardial blood flow, and sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium uptake in right ventricular hypertrophy and failure. AB - Either right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH) or failure (RVF) was produced by pulmonary arterial banding in 47 piglets aged 3-6 weeks. When sufficient time was allowed to elapse after banding, RVH was present in 30 and had progressed to RVF in 17. These two groups were compared with 24 control, i.e., normal pigs (C). Animals with RVF differed from RVH and C animals by having reduced cardiac output and clinical signs of failure. Both RVH and RVF had significantly elevated right ventricular peak systolic pressures (RVS), weights (GMRV), and RV/LV systolic pressure ratios (these variables all increased greater than 100% compared with C). The RV (dP/dt)max correlated with RVS in C (r = 0.687, P less than 0.001), but this relationship was absent in RVH with higher RVS and GMRV. The RV (dP/dt)max correlated closely with RV blood flow/g per min in C (r = 0.638, P less than 0.01) and in RVH (r = 0.462, P less than 0.02). Calcium uptake by RV sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) was diminished in RVH compared to C and further diminished in RVF (38%, P less than 0.001). Calcium uptake by LV SR also fell in RVF, suggesting that SR calcium uptake is merely a passive reflection of myocardial function. Our results also suggest that hemodynamic and subcellular changes seen in RVF may be detected during the compensated stage of RVH. PMID- 6222448 TI - Ovulation control in heifers with prostaglandin and luteinising hormone releasing hormone analogue under different conditions of management. PMID- 6222449 TI - Thoracoabdominal motion during chest physiotherapy in patients affected by chronic obstructive lung disease. AB - In 11 patients suffering from chronic obstructive lung disease, thoracoabdominal movements were monitored with magnetometers during various breathing manoeuvres directed by the chest physiotherapist. The signals derived from the magnetometers and the mouth flow were analysed in order to pick up paradoxical movements of one or the other compartment of the chest wall. In contrast to what was observed during spontaneous breathing, especially abdominodiaphragmatic breathing induced in most of the subjects paradoxical movements. The practical importance of accurate monitoring of thoracoabdominal motion during chest physiotherapy is stressed. PMID- 6222450 TI - [Asymmetric septal hypertrophy in essential hypertension and sympathetic nervous system]. PMID- 6222451 TI - [Correlation between heart rate and plasma epinephrine response by standing position in hypertensive patients; special reference to relation to hypertensive heart enlargement]. PMID- 6222452 TI - [Aspects of long-term treatment with levodopa alone and levodopa combined with dopa decarboxylase inhibitors]. PMID- 6222453 TI - [Aspects of occupational toxic encephalopathy caused by ethylmercury chloride]. PMID- 6222454 TI - [Neurovascular decompression of the nerves of the posterior fossa, a method with multiple indications in neurosurgery]. PMID- 6222455 TI - [Multiple stenoses of the cerebral arteries. Possible correlations with Nishimoto's disease]. PMID- 6222456 TI - [The role of histopathological examination in the prognosis of intracranial expansive processes]. PMID- 6222457 TI - [Treatment of post-traumatic cerebrospinal fluid fistulas (personal method)]. PMID- 6222458 TI - [Narcoanalysis, a method of exploration and treatment of neuroses]. PMID- 6222459 TI - [Dr. Ioan I. Popescu-Sibiu, promoter of psychoanalysis and tireless animator of the cultural life of Romania (1901-1974)]. PMID- 6222460 TI - The comprehensive hemophilia program: new directions for treatment. PMID- 6222461 TI - [Immune complex diseases]. PMID- 6222462 TI - Methylation of mercury from dental amalgam and mercuric chloride by oral streptococci in vitro. AB - The capacity of the oral bacteria Streptococcus mitior, S. mutans and S. sanguis to methylate mercury was investigated in vitro. Mercuric chloride and pulverized dental amalgam in distilled water, respectively, were used as sources of mercury. Methylmercury was found in the bacterial cells of all three tested strains. The results indicate that organic mercury compounds may be formed in the oral cavity. PMID- 6222463 TI - Detection of cALLA positive cells in the human normal peripheral blood by microimmunofluorometry and their fate during cultivation in diffusion chambers. AB - A very sensitive measuring device for immunoflourescence and a new evaluation method were applied to detect the common acute lymphoblastic leukaemia antigen (cALLA) on individual cells from normal peripheral blood. Using a monoclonal and a polyclonal antiserum a small % (about 10%) of cells was shown to carry this antigen. In double-labelling experiments these cALLA positive cells were shown not to carry surface immunoglobulin, and very little T-antigen if any. During a 13-d cultivation of normal mononuclear blood cells in diffusion chambers, the cALLA positive cells disappeared but could be detected again on day 13 at a frequency comparable to that before culture. Proliferation is discussed as the mechanism accounting for the reappearance of the cALLA positive cells, perhaps due to the influence of the T-helper cells generated during culture. PMID- 6222464 TI - Deficiency of concanavalin A induced suppressor cell activity in patients with primary immunodeficiency disorders. AB - Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from 40 patients with a variety of primary immunodeficiency diseases were examined for concanavalin A (Con A) inducible suppressor activity against proliferative response of autologous and allogeneic PBMC to phytohaemagglutinin (PHA). 45% (12/27) of the patients with common variable immunodeficiency and 86% (6/7) of the patients with selective IgA deficiency demonstrated lack of Con A-induced suppressor activity against proliferative response of autologous/allogeneic PBMC. 2 of 4 patients with X linked agammaglobulin and both patients, each with Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome and ataxia-telangiectasia, also showed deficient suppressor function. This study demonstrates a deficiency of Con A-inducible suppressor-cell activity in a variety of immunodeficiency diseases. Possible underlying mechanisms for this functional defects are discussed. PMID- 6222465 TI - Protective effect of implanted autologous splenic tissue in splenectomized rats exposed to i.v. Streptococcus pneumoniae. AB - The protective effect of splenic implantation or hemisplenectomy on the survival rate was studied in 34 Wistar rats inoculated intravenously with 8.5 x 10(6) CFU Streptococcus pneumoniae type 25, 4 months prior to the bacterial challenge, different surgical procedures were performed, dividing the animals into 5 equally large groups: (1) sham operation, (2) hemisplenectomy, (3) splenectomy with a 100% reimplantation, (4) splenectomy with a 50% reimplantation, and (5) splenectomy without reimplantation. The observation period after the bacterial inoculation was 13 d. Differences in mean survival rates were found: (1) 13 d, (2) 10.6 d, (3) 7.1 d, (4) 5.6 d, and (5) 3.1 d. The increasing survival rates correlated with increasing weights of the residual splenic tissue. This animal study indicates that residual splenic tissue may account for a lesser tendency to infection. PMID- 6222466 TI - T lymphocyte subpopulations in idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). AB - Absolute T cell counts and the relative distributions of antibody-defined helper and cytotoxic/suppressor T lymphocytes are reported in 26 patients with chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). T cell numbers are generally normal in ITP and alterations in relative helper (OKT4 positive) and suppressor (OKT8 positive) T cell numbers show no consistent patterns, although 35% of the cases examined showed inverted distributions. The combined percentages of helper and suppressor T cells consistently exceeded 100% in ITP indicating the presence of increased OKT4+8+ cells in these patients. A cell population, previously defined as SRBC positive and OKT3 negative, was found in the normal group and in ITP patients following splenectomy but was absent in those patients with intact spleens. The role of these changes in the pathogenesis of ITP is discussed. PMID- 6222467 TI - Cytochemistry of normal lymphocyte subsets defined by monoclonal antibodies and immunocolloidal gold. AB - The cytochemical reactivities of 3 acid hydrolases, alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase (ANAE), acid phosphatase and beta-glucuronidase were investigated in normal peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets defined by monoclonal antibodies OKT3, 4, 8 and FMC4 (anti-Ia). A combined monoclonal antibody-immunocolloidal gold/cytochemical staining procedure was used to determine enzyme activities and distributions of reaction product in each subset. Cytochemical profiles for each lymphocyte subset were defined. The majority (greater than 85%) of T cells (OKT3+) were positive for all 3 enzymes whereas a minority (less than 40%) of B cells (FMC4+) displayed reactivity. The cytochemical profiles of T helper/inducer (OKT4+) and T suppressor/cytotoxic (OKT8+) cells were not significantly different and corresponded to that observed for OKT3+ cells; thus none of these enzymes can be used to distinguish normal lymphocyte subsets cytochemically. ANAE reactions were further analysed, in the respective subsets, on the basis of dot-like or scattered/diffuse reactivity. The ratios of cells displaying dot-like: scattered/diffuse reactivity, in the respective subsets, were OKT3+, 5.4:1; OKT4+, 8.1:1; OKT8+, 2.4:1; FMC4+, 0.4:1. The cytochemical profiles and ANAE reactivities of T cell subsets identified by monoclonal antibodies differ from those displayed by T cell subsets defined by Fc receptors and confirms that there is little correlation between subsets defined by these two methods. PMID- 6222468 TI - Peripheral blood lymphocyte subpopulations in polycythaemia and thrombocythaemia. AB - Lymphocyte subpopulations from peripheral blood of normal subjects and patients with primary proliferative polycythaemia (PPP), idiopathic erythrocytosis (IE) and essential thrombocythaemia (ET) were separated using antihuman immunoglobulin antiserum for B lymphocytes and the following monoclonal antibodies: OKT3, directed against the general T-lymphocyte subpopulation, OKT4 and OKT8, detecting respectively T-helper and T-suppressor lymphocyte subpopulations, OKM1 reacting mainly with monocytes. A decrease in the number of OKT3+ cells was observed both in PPP and IE, with a particular fall of the OKT8+ (suppressor) cells, so that the T4/T8 ratio was significantly increased (P less than 0.03 in PPP and P less than 0.0005 in IE). The ratio remained normal in samples from ET. OKM1+ cells were significantly increased in PPP (P less than 0.04), but not in IE, while in ET there was a rise in a few cases only. The present data point out some definite changes in the circulating lymphomonocytic cell subsets, which may be of interest in the study of this group of myeloproliferative disorders. PMID- 6222469 TI - Complement (C3) receptor-mediated attachment of agarose beads to mouse peritoneal macrophages and human monocytes. AB - We have determined the receptors on human monocytes and mouse peritoneal macrophages producing agarose binding. By using isolated human complement factors C3, B and D, agarose beads were coated with C3b. In some experiments C3b was converted to C3bi by using human serum diluted 1:20. Agarose beads coated with C3b or C3bi bound strongly to monocytes. Only agarose beads coated with C3bi were attached to mouse macrophages. Trypsinization of agarose beads coated with C3bi abolished the attachment of the beads to macrophages and monocytes, probably because of conversion of C3bi to C3d. Endocytosis by macrophages of agarose preincubated in human serum or in C5-deficient AKR mouse serum reached the same levels, indicating that the amount of C5 present in serum during preincubation is not important for the degree of endocytosis. It is concluded that internalization of agarose by macrophages is mediated via the C3bi receptor. PMID- 6222471 TI - Regulation of the binding of C3-coated particles to human lymphocytes by human complement component H. AB - Human complement component H was found to modify greatly the binding of C3-coated particles to lymphocytes. We used an experimental model in which lymphocytes were mixed successively with various amounts of H and C3b-coated erythrocytes. At least three mechanisms were postulated to interpret the phenomenon: (i) release of endogenous I by lymphocytes triggered by H through specific binding sites, (ii) cleavage of iC3b by I, promoted by complement receptor type one, and (iii) inhibition of immune adherence by H. Such qualitative and quantitative changes in C3-coated particle recognition by the binding sites might mediate important functions of lymphocytes. PMID- 6222470 TI - Isolation and identification of the naturally occurring, newborn spleen associated suppressor cells. A mixed monocyte/mast cell population with separable suppressor activities. AB - Spleens from newborn mice less than 6-7 days of age contain 'naturally occurring' suppressor cell populations that are able to inhibit nonspecifically immune responses of third-party adult spleen cells and alloreactivity in the newborn spleen per se. Isolation of the effectors of this suppressor activity reveals that they are not classical T lymphocytes but, instead, a mixed population of cells of the monocyte series (monoblast/promonocyte/monocyte) plus mast cells. This mixed population apparently can elicit its suppressor activity in part through secretion of soluble, in vitro culture-stable material, which in turn initiates activation of the suppressor cell/limb of the immune response. These activities, nevertheless, modulate most strongly the early activation events of T cell responses and can result in complete suppression of alloreactive helper and cytotoxic T lymphocyte development. Suppressor activity by mast cells can be demonstrated by degranulation, whereas suppressor activity by monocytes appears inherent in the newborn population. Thus, there are now at least three cell populations in the neonate spleen--mast cells, monocytes, and T lymphocytes- which can effect suppressor activity. PMID- 6222472 TI - Health survey of professional drivers. AB - A cross-sectional health survey comprising 633 male drivers showed that the frequencies of some complaints, for instance, pain in the shoulders and in the back of the neck, increased in older age groups. The frequencies of elevated blood pressure and electrocardiographic findings, on the other hand, tended to decrease among the older drivers. The percentage of drivers who had met with some kind of accident decreased among drivers aged 45-54 years. It was assumed that the results point toward health-based selection. The rate of turnover and its causes were studied in a cohort of 1,597 drivers. The results of the turnover study supported the findings of the health survey. PMID- 6222473 TI - [Should antibiotic prevention be used in biliary tract surgery?]. AB - A prospective, controlled, double-blind, randomized multicentre trial in Switzerland has been conducted to investigate the effectiveness of 5 g mezlocillin given during induction of anesthesia for prevention of infectious complications in biliary tract surgery. All adults undergoing elective or emergency surgery were included. Single-dose prevention reduces the incidence of wound infections from 10% to 4%, but does not reduce other kinds of infectious complications. The incidence of wound infections in the control group in Switzerland is only about half that in other countries. It is concluded that administration of single-dose mezlocillin to all patients in this type of surgery is justified. On the basis of risk factors it is impossible to predict reliably the patients who do not need protection. PMID- 6222474 TI - Suppressor T cell action inhibits the expression of an excluded immunoglobulin gene. AB - Cells of the murine plasmacytoid line MOPC-315 synthesize two distinct immunoglobulin light chains: a normal lambda II protein, which is incorporated into secretory and surface-bound immunoglobulin, and a truncated, nonfunctional lambda I protein found only in the cytoplasm. Idiotype-specific suppressor T lymphocytes selectively inhibit the expression of both lambda II- and lambda I specific messenger RNA by MOPC-315 cells. This finding demonstrates that phenotypically excluded light chain genes can be subject to immunoregulatory control and suggests that the expression of divergent lambda isotypes may be coordinately regulated in immunoglobulin-secreting cells. PMID- 6222475 TI - Massive asphyxiating pulmonary hemorrhage and glomerulonephritis in a 41-year-old woman. PMID- 6222476 TI - [Classification of the rural regions of Kirghizia for the purpose of organizing public health]. PMID- 6222477 TI - [Improvement of the pulmonological services for the rural population]. PMID- 6222478 TI - [Organization of dispensary services in a medico-sanitary unit]. PMID- 6222479 TI - [Organization of anti-alcoholism activities in a rural community]. PMID- 6222480 TI - [Scientific research planning at a medical institute]. PMID- 6222481 TI - [The role of complex evaluation of children's health in the improvement of therapeutic and preventive services]. PMID- 6222482 TI - [Rehabilitation of invalids in the polyclinics]. PMID- 6222483 TI - [Public Health in the Novgorod district in the post-war period]. PMID- 6222484 TI - [Scientific-research work of students in medical institutes]. PMID- 6222485 TI - [Improving the effectiveness of preventive examinations of employees in industrial establishments with a view to early diagnosis of stomach diseases]. PMID- 6222486 TI - A study of the natural history of back pain. Part I: development of a reliable and sensitive measure of disability in low-back pain. PMID- 6222487 TI - A study of the natural history of low-back pain. Part II: development of guidelines for trials of treatment in primary care. AB - In a prospective study of 230 episodes of low-back pain presenting in primary care, the natural history of the symptom of low-back pain has been described. Clinical features predictive of outcome have been identified in order to define groups of patients who were relatively homogeneous with respect to the outcome of the episode. A Disability Questionnaire performed more satisfactorily as an outcome measure than either absence from work or a simple pain-rating scale. Guidelines for future trials of treatment of back pain in primary care are described. PMID- 6222488 TI - Quantitative power measurement of extensor hallucis longus. A simple objective test in evaluation of low-back pain with neurological involvement. AB - Clinical evaluation of a patient with low-back problem is based mainly upon the subjective impressions of the physician. Accuracy in neurologic evaluation and follow-up of these patients depends upon objective and quantitative procedures. A handy instrument, simple to use by the clinician in his office, was developed in our laboratory and tested on healthy volunteers and patients with low-back problems. The instrument measures or records the power of the extensor hallucis longus. Weakness of this muscle represents the vast majority of root involvement in discogenic lesions. The measurement is compared with the result obtained on the contralateral side. The instrument includes a mobile mechanical spring gauge of 100-2000-gr range and a leg splint. A single channel polygraph can be connected to record the measurement. The technique was tested on healthy volunteers and good reproducibility and accuracy were found. Seventy-five patients were examined and the power of EHL measured. The patients were divided into three groups according to the nature of their back problems: 1) acute discogenic; 2) chronic low back problems with acute exacerbations; and 3) acute trauma. The quantitative measurements of EHL were of great help in evaluating and following treatment of patients with discogenic lesions and in deciding further surgical treatments. The test was valuable in evaluating malingeres and compensation cases. Eight of the patients with chronic, recurrent low-back problems were found to have weakness of EHL; further investigations showed root pressure mostly due to osteophytes pressing on the nerve roots. After acute trauma, the EHL power test also revealed weakness in patients with higher lumbar injuries, probably because of spreading. PMID- 6222489 TI - Assessment of abdominal and back extensor function. A quantitative approach and results for chronic low-back patients. AB - A method was developed to obtain static and dynamic measures of trunk flexor and extensor strength and endurance. The method was evaluated using 32 normal subjects. Variables of trunk strength and endurance were used to compare 24 normals (12 men and 12 women) and 24 patients (16 men and eight women) with chronic low-back dysfunction. The Iowa Trunk Dynamometer is acceptably reliable and provides for assessment of isolated function of the abdominal and back muscles. For peak abdominal and back extensor strength, the range of superiority of men over women was 39-57%, and the range of superiority of normals over patients with chronic low-back dysfunction was 48-82%. Using time to percent decrement of peak strength as a criterion, the abdominals were more susceptible to fatigue than the back extensors, women demonstrated more endurance than men, and the endurance for normals was less than those patients who were able to perform dynamic reciprocal trunk movements. PMID- 6222490 TI - The iliac crest syndrome. A treatable cause of low-back pain. PMID- 6222491 TI - [Roentgenologic significance of radiograms of the hand]. PMID- 6222492 TI - Rectus sheath haematoma--a complication of anticoagulation therapy. A case report. AB - A right-sided rectus sheath haematoma developed during heparin therapy for deep vein thrombosis. Computed tomography of the abdomen provided accurate pre operative images of the size and extent of the haematoma, and surgical evacuation thereof resulted in uneventful recovery. PMID- 6222493 TI - Evaluation of a dental training program for care of the handicapped. PMID- 6222494 TI - The great educational experiment: has it worked? PMID- 6222495 TI - University of Mississippi Dental Care Unit: toothbrushing for the handicapped. PMID- 6222496 TI - An instrument to assess dental students' attitudes toward the handicapped. PMID- 6222497 TI - Education for special care. PMID- 6222498 TI - Complications following abdominal fascial closures using various nonabsorbable sutures. AB - With the use of the interrupted far-and-near fascial closure technique, four suture materials were compared: nylon, polypropylene and two brands of braided Dacron (Ethibond and Polydek). There were no wound dehiscences among the 96 patients studied. During the average follow-up period of 12 months, significantly more suture granulomas occurred with the braided Dacron than with the monofilament materials (p less than 0.05). Those that did occur with monofilament material occurred almost exclusively in thin patients. PMID- 6222499 TI - Intimal hyperplasia and neointima: An ultrastructural analysis of thrombosed grafts in humans. AB - The distal anastomoses of thrombosed saphenous vein (11), bovine (4), Dacron (7), and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) (27) grafts removed en bloc during reoperation or amputation were studied with light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. Analysis of the ultrastructures of the distal anastomostic regions was done to characterize morphogenesis of intimal hyperplasia and neointimal proliferation. Complete reendothelialization occurred in all vein grafts. In bovine heterografts, there were isolated areas of endothelia. Thrombosed PTFE grafts were lined with gelatinous, proteinaceous material with no consistent organized cellular pattern. In contrast, laminated fibrous tissue produced by fibroblasts lined the Dacron grafts. Intimal hyperplasia was found in 6 of 11 vein grafts and in all prosthetic grafts examined. Regardless of the type of graft used, intimal hyperplasia was found predominantly at the heel of the graft and on the floor of the artery. Beneath the endothelia, collagenous ground substance and myofibroblasts mixed with smooth muscle cells were seen, characterized by pyknotic nuclei, reduced cytoplasm/nuclei ratio, and loss of cytoplasmic organelles. Endothelialization occurred exclusively in vein grafts. Prosthetic grafts lacked endothelia, with the neointima consisting of fibroblasts and fibrous matrix. In intimal hyperplasia, two forms of smooth muscle cell pathomorphogenesis were recognized. Formation of myofibroblasts induced medial fibroplasia, whereas degeneration of muscle cells progressed to medial necrosis. Smooth muscle cells seem to play a role not previously recognized in the pathogenesis of graft failure. PMID- 6222500 TI - Selective infusion of streptokinase for arterial thrombosis. AB - We have treated 13 patients with limb-threatening ischemia caused by acute arterial thrombosis with selective arterial infusion of streptokinase. The indications for thrombolytic therapy included medical contraindication to surgery, surgically inaccessible thrombi, arterial thrombosis following percutaneous transluminal angioplasty, and thrombosed distal arterial bypass. Patients were evaluated with arteriography, Doppler segmental arterial pressure studies, and coagulation profile. Objective evidence of complete or partial thrombolysis was demonstrated in 11 of the 13 patients (85%). Treatment after thrombolytic therapy included percutaneous transluminal angioplasty in six patients and distal bypass in two patients. Of five patients who had received no additional treatment, three required amputation. Overall limb salvage was achieved in 10 of the 13 patients. The most serious complications were puncture site bleeding in five patients, acute renal failure in one patient, and retroperitoneal hemorrhage in another patient. Bleeding was more frequent in patients with decreased serum fibrinogen levels. Although lysis of acute arterial thrombi can be achieved, thrombolytic therapy alone will allow limb salvage in only a few patients. Selective thrombolytic therapy with streptokinase must be used with caution and is associated with serious complications. PMID- 6222501 TI - Long-term results of aortoiliac angioplasty. AB - Results of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of 141 iliac arteries in 112 patients are reported, with a follow-up period extending to 36 months. Initial technical success was achieved in 95.7%, 1-year patency in 91.3%, and accumulated 2- and 3-year patency in 89%. The role of outflow disease and ankle:arm index measurement and the importance of eliminating or significantly reducing the intra arterial pressure gradients are discussed. PMID- 6222502 TI - Percutaneous transluminal balloon angioplasty of the iliac artery for contralateral ischemia. AB - The cases of three patients with lower extremity ischemia from ipsilateral iliac artery occlusion and contralateral iliac artery stenosis are presented. Planned treatment was percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) of the contralateral iliac artery, rendering it an adequate donor vessel for subsequent femorofemoral bypass. Because of adequate collateral vessels across the pelvis, cross-femoral bypass was unnecessary following PTA. Current technology allows simultaneous intraoperative PTA and femorofemoral bypass. We do not recommend this on the basis of our experience. PMID- 6222503 TI - [Electrocardiographic diagnosis of left ventricular hypertrophy in patients with chronic nonspecific lung diseases]. PMID- 6222504 TI - A huge mediastinal abscess masquerading as cardiomegaly: the value of non invasive investigations. PMID- 6222505 TI - Platelet factor 4 (PF4) and heparin-released platelet factor 4 (HR-PF4) in patients with cardiovascular disorders. AB - The recent introduction of the determinations of platelet factor 4 (PF4) and beta thromboglobulin (beta TG) by radioimmunoassay provided a new tool to obtain knowledge of in vivo platelet activation. We evaluated the plasma level of PF4 and beta TG in 14 normal subjects (mean PF4 7.7 ng/ml; beta TG 28.8 ng/ml), in 29 patients with chronic stable cardiovascular disorders (mean PF4 9.8 ng/ml; beta TG 32.6 ng/ml) and in 15 diabetics with vascular disease (mean PF4 14.5 ng/ml; beta TG 41.8 ng/ml). The great majority had normal values and no statistical differences were noted among the three groups (p greater than 0.05). Fifteen days of treatment with 150 mg daily of dipyridamole produced a significant reduction in the levels of both proteins (p less than 0.01), in contrast of the daily administration of 650 mg of aspirin, which failed to produce any significant change (p greater than 0.5). The patients and the normal subjects were also administered 3,000 USP units intravenously of porcine heparin. The values of the heparin released-platelet factor 4 (HR-PF4), evaluated 5 minutes after the injection, showed a good correlation between platelet concentration and HR-PF4 levels (z = 2.37, p less than 0.02) in the patients. The determination of standard residual following linear regression analysis of HR-PF4 indicated the presence of two distinct patient populations. One group, including the vast majority of patients, did not differ from the control (patients mean HR-PF4 111.1 ng/ml; controls: mean HF-PF4 136 ng/ml). The other group, with severe cardiovascular disease, but with normal levels of PF4 and beta TG in almost all patients and similar platelet concentrations, showed a significantly higher HR PF4 (219 ng/ml). Neither aspirin nor dipyridamole had any effect on the level of HR-PF4. This HR-PF4 could represent a possible marker of the interaction of platelets with a seriously damaged atherosclerotic vessel wall. PMID- 6222506 TI - Fibrinolytic and coagulation mechanisms in stages of inflammation: a study of BCG induced pleural exudate in guinea pig. AB - Pleural fluid from an early, active phase of BCG-induced pleurisy was compared with fluid from late, healing phase, characterized by fibrinous adhesions. Exudates were tested for proteolytic activity on chromogenic peptide substrates designed for plasmin, tissue plasminogen activator, factor Xa, thrombin and plasma kallikrein. Considerable activity of active-phase pleural fluid was found on all of these substrates, and significantly lower values in the healing phase. Most exudates from both stages had very low fibrinogen concentration. Fibrinopeptide A, fibrinolytic products and antiplasmin were found in all exudates. Little or no fibrinolytic effect of pleural fluid was demonstrable on plasminogen free fibrin plates, despite the high activities on the low molecular weight substrates. Occurrence of alpha 2-macroglobulin-enzyme complexes is suggested as an explanation. The experimental results indicate that protease of the fibrinolytic and coagulation systems are active in the chronic inflammation of pleurisy, with higher levels of activity in active pleurisy phase. PMID- 6222507 TI - Properties of PAF-acether-induced platelet aggregation and secretion. Studies in gel-filtered human platelets. AB - Human platelets rapidly lose their responsiveness to PAF-acether after blood collection. We collected blood from fasting donors and prepared gel-filtered platelets that remained responsive to PAF-acether for about 6 hours. Log-dose response studies showed biphasic aggregation between 20 and 100 nM PAF-acether with secretion of dense-, alpha- and lysosomal granule contents during the second wave of aggregation. Between 0.2 and 10 nM PAF-acether aggregation was weak and no secretion occurred whereas 300 nM PAF-acether or more induced maximal aggregation and secretion. Secretion, however, was never more than 70, 55, and 30% of maximal secretable amount of 5HT, beta TG and beta N, respectively. Aggregation and secretion were enhanced by fibrinogen (optimal concentration 0.3 0.7 g.1(-1)), required Ca2+ or Mg2+ but were inhibited when Mg2+ or Ca2+ were present at a concentration of 2 mM or more. These data show that human platelets are almost equally sensitive to PAF-acether as rabbit platelets, and respond with incomplete secretion of dense-, alpha- and lysosomal granule contents. PMID- 6222508 TI - The release of B beta 1-42 from fibrinogen and fibrin by plasmin. AB - The balance between thrombin and plasmin action has been postulated to be an important determinant of thrombosis. Measurement of plasma concentrations of fibrinopeptide A (FPA), which reflect thrombin action on the NH2-terminal end of the A alpha chain, and of B beta 1-42 (thrombin-increasable fibrinopeptide B immunoreactivity-TIFPB) which reflect plasmin action on the NH2-terminal end of the B beta chain have shown systematic changes in the relative concentrations of the two peptides in thrombotic states. This paper reports kinetic data for TIFPB release by plasmin using fibrinogen, fibrin I monomer, and fibrin I polymer as substrates. For fibrinogen and fibrin I monomer the data fit the Michaelis-Menten equation. Experiments were performed with human proteins in 0.15M Tris-buffered saline at pH 7.4 and at 37 degrees C. With fibrinogen as substrate the Km was calculated to be 0.87 microM and the Vmax 3.75 X 10(-5) M/min/unit of plasmin. With fibrin I monomer as the substrate the Km was calculated to be 1.25 microM and the Vmax 5.5 X 10(-5) M/min/unit of plasmin. With fibrin I polymer as substrate the data did not fit the Michaelis-Menten equation but there appeared to be no dramatic differences in rates from those obtained with the other two substrates. The influence of factor XIIIa-induced cross-linking of fibrin was not examined. It is concluded from these findings that fibrinogen and non-cross linked fibrin I are equally good substrates for plasmin cleavage of the NH2 terminal end of the B beta chain. PMID- 6222509 TI - Altered cytoskeletal structures of thrombasthenic platelets. PMID- 6222510 TI - Nephelometric determination of plasminogen and plasmin inhibitors in human plasma using fibrin suspension as a substrate. AB - A nephelometric method is described for determination of plasminogen and two types of plasmin inhibitors in human plasma having different affinity toward plasmin. This method is based on the kinetic analysis of effects of whole plasma and plasmin inhibitor fraction obtained from plasma on the activity of exogenously added plasminogen which was determined by measuring the decrease of light scattering of fibrin suspension. With this method we have determined the activity of plasminogen and two types of inhibitors in the plasma of normal subjects and patients with high fibrinogen degradation product values. They include patients with various malignant tumors with DIC, chronic renal failure, sepsis, vascular diseases, and liver cirrhosis with hepatoma. PMID- 6222511 TI - Electrochemical activity determination of trypsin-like enzymes. VII. Plasmin and antiplasmin in aqueous solutions and human plasma. PMID- 6222512 TI - Successful transplantation with a positive T and B cell crossmatch due to autoreactive antibodies. AB - A total of 16 cadaver donor renal allografts have been performed in the presence of a positive T and B cell crossmatch due to autoantibodies. Fourteen of these patients were considered to be highly-sensitized, in that they had pregraft antibodies reacting with more than 85% of the lymphocyte panel. Ten of the 16 grafts are still functioning with follow-up times of between 3 and 66 months. Within the same time period three living related donor transplants were also performed with a positive T and B cell crossmatch due to autoantibodies. Two were from HLA-identical siblings and the other from his father. All three patients had pregraft antibodies reacting with 100% of the lymphocyte panel. All grafts are functioning normally between 9 and 48 months after transplantation. Autoreactive T and B cell antibodies are not damaging to renal allografts and recognition of these antibodies allows a significant number of patients to be successfully transplanted (with a positive crossmatch). PMID- 6222513 TI - Primed lymphocyte typing predicts MLC reactivity between unrelated individuals. AB - The present study was carried out to evaluate the ability of primed lymphocyte typing (PLT) to predict mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC) reactivity between unrelated individuals. Eleven PLT cells generated against independent familial haplotypes, and one PLT cell generated against a homozygous typing cell (HTC), were tested for their response to cells of a random panel of 53 unrelated individuals. From Chi-square analysis of the response patterns of these 12 cells, nine "PLT specificities" could be defined. Most panel members (81.2%) types for 1 or 2 of these specificities; equal numbers (9.4%) types for 3 or none, respectively. Four of these 9 specificities were shown to be significantly correlated with HLA-Dw antigens defined by HTCs. Typing for these nine PLT specificities was found to be predictive of subsequent primary MLC reactivity between panel members: a) pairs of panel members sharing PLT specificities produced three-fold lower MLC results on the average than pairs of panel members disparate for PLT specificities (p less than 0.0001), and b) in MLC combinations, an increase in number of foreign PLT specificities presented by the stimulator cell was paralleled by a statistically significant increase in MLC reactivity. To the extent that low MLC reactivity is correlated with improved graft survival, the PLT method could have significant value in selecting histocompatible donors for organ transplantation. PMID- 6222514 TI - Characterization of keratan sulfate isolated from liver affected by Morquio syndrome. AB - Chemical structures of keratan sulfate (KS) isolated from the liver affected by Morquio syndrome type A (classical type) were investigated. In the KS from Morquio syndrome liver, the molar ratios of hexose, total sulfate, N-sulfate and sialic acid to hexosamine were 5.07, 0.90, 0.18 and 0.08, respectively, and about 10% of hexosamine consisted of galactosamine. The KS resulted in a production of oligosaccharides of relatively larger size after digestion with keratanase, as compared with bovine corneal KS. These findings strongly suggest that KS accumulated in the liver affected by Morquio syndrome may be derived from bony KS. PMID- 6222515 TI - Immunological and biochemical responses in mice treated with mercuric chloride. AB - Adult B6C3F1 male mice were given water containing 3, 15, and 75 ppm mercury (as mercuric chloride) for 7 weeks. There were dose-related increases in blood and kidney mercury levels but only the former showed a time-dependent change. Mercury was not detected in any of the lymphoid organs except for the spleen. There was no mortality and only minimal histological changes occurred in kidneys of dosed mice. Nonspecific toxicity occurred at the 75 ppm dose level, consisting of small differences in body and organ weights, hematological changes, and general enzyme inhibition in the bone marrow and spleen. However, there were specific immunotoxic and biochemical alterations in lymphoid organs of mice treated at the lower doses of mercury. The immunological defects were consistent with altered T cell function as evidenced by decreases in both T-cell mitogen and mixed leukocyte responses. There was a particular association between the T-cell defects and inhibition of thymic pyruvate kinase, the rate-limiting enzyme for glycolysis. The differences in the pattern of enzyme responses among lymphoid organs implied that two mechanisms of mercury toxicity were operative--one at high concentrations that caused physicochemical enzyme inhibition and another at low concentrations that caused indirect enzyme inhibition. PMID- 6222516 TI - Effect of lung, liver, and kidney toxicants on respiratory rate in the mouse. AB - The intraperitoneal administration of either butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) +/- thoracic X-irradiation, or cyclophosphamide, and intravenous injection of oleic acid, resulted in lung injury and repair in BALB/c mice which could be assessed in unanesthetized animals by changes in respiratory rate (RR) using a total body plethysmograph. Studies with BHT +/- X-rays, and cyclophosphamide found that the RR right before sacrifice (2 weeks after BHT and 3 weeks after cyclophosphamide) correlated well (r = 0.19) with the degree of pulmonary fibrosis as measured by changes in hydroxyproline content. However, prior to this timepoint, there was a peak and trough in respiratory rate response that could not be correlated with the time course of fibrosis development in the BHT-X-ray model. In an effort to determine the influence of pulmonary edema and lung cell proliferation on respiratory rate changes, an agent (oleic acid) capable of producing lung injury followed by a high level of cellular proliferation with only minimal development of fibrosis was studied. These studies showed that good correlations were found on day 3 following injection (day of peak increase in respiratory rate) between respiratory rate and either lung wet weight (r = 0.81) or the degree of cellular proliferation as measured by the incorporation of thymidine into pulmonary DNA (r = 0.80). Liver (carbon tetrachloride) and kidney (mercuric chloride) toxicants, and starvation produced decreases or no change in RR. PMID- 6222517 TI - A role of thyroid-parathyroid function in elevation of calcium content in kidney of rats after a single large dose of fluoride. PMID- 6222518 TI - A case of IgA nephropathy associated with marked hematuria after upper respiratory tract infections. AB - IgA nephropathy is characterized by recurrent hematuria which is occasionally associated with upper respiratory infections. Since serial follow-up of IgA nephropathy has not been reported, a 43 year old patient who showed a typical course of this disease is described. Hematuria was markedly increased each time after upper respiratory infections. Renal biopsy revealed typical features of IgA nephropathy by light and immunofluorescent microscopy. Marked hematuria subsided after administration of antibiotics. Upper respiratory tract infections might be a risk factor in some patients with IgA nephropathy. In some patients upper respiratory tract infections may exacerbate IgA nephropathy. PMID- 6222519 TI - [Periodontium in schoolchildren]. PMID- 6222520 TI - Lack of suppressor T cells in renal transplant recipients and activation by aminophylline. AB - Immunoregulatory T-cell subsets were determined in 16 patients after renal transplantation. Suppressor and helper T lymphocytes were isolated with the aid of theophylline according to the method described by Shore et al. [1]. The system model used for assessing the function of these subsets was the local xenogeneic graft-versus-host reaction (GVHR). Lack of suppressor T cells was found in 6 out of the 16 patients, all 6 in acute steroid nonresponsive rejection crisis. Four of these patients received aminophylline per os at a dose of 1000 mg/kg per day and the T-lymphocyte subsets were retested several days afterwards. Active suppressor T cells (TS) appeared in all 4 treated patients, paralleled by disappearance of rejection crisis and a dramatic decrease of serum creatinine levels. These findings suggest that the inactivation of the immunoregulatory suppressor subset, probably by the immunosuppressive treatment, may play an important role in acute rejection and that activation of this subset of T suppressors could be of beneficial effect and prevent renal rejection. PMID- 6222521 TI - The initiation of inflammation in uveitis. AB - The initiation of uveitis is related in every instance to some form of injury. This may be transient, as in the case of an axon reflex, or long-lasting and destructive as in the case of progressive granulomatous disease. The early responses to injury appear to be histamine-mediated, while the later responses are mediated by prostaglandins and kinins. Cellular injury may be caused by contusion, by antibody- or cell-mediated cytotoxic reactions, or by direct invasion of cells by micro-organisms. The deposition of immune complexes and complement in the uveal tract appears to be one of the most important mechanisms for the initiation of uveitis, but the mere finding of elevated levels of immune complexes in the serum has no special significance. PMID- 6222522 TI - A rabbit--in vitro system to evaluate drug action against Plasmodium falciparum. AB - A rabbit-in vitro model system is described which can determine the activity of anti-malarial drugs against erythrocytic stages of Plasmodium falciparum. Serum samples, collected from rabbits at various times after drug administration, wee incubated with synchronized ring form parasites using the microtest system. The extent to which the presence of drugs in the serum inhibited parasite growth was usually determined after 32 to 40 hours of incubation. Anti-malarial activity was observed in sera obtained from rabbits which received chloroquine, mefloquine, pyrimethamine and cycloguanil, but not in those which received 4-4' diacetyldiaminodiphenylsulphone (DADDS). The effects against the drug-sensitive strain were more marked than against the drug-resistant one. The serum activity persisted for a longer period of time after administration of mefloquine, pyrimethamine, pamoate, and cycloguanil pamoate than after administration of chloroquine, a drug with a shorter biological half-life. The results indicate that this model may be a useful system for identifying potential agents against drug-resistant falciparum malaria, particularly compounds which are converted in vitro to their active metabolites or which exert a prolonged suppressive activity after drug administration. PMID- 6222523 TI - The surge technique: a method to increase purity of platelet concentrates obtained by centrifugal apheresis. AB - A surge technique has been developed to increase the purity of high-yield platelet concentrations prepared on a blood processor with the Latham bowl. The surge technique combines elutriation with centrifugal separation, utilizing plasma recirculated from the plasma/air bag back into the centrifuge bowl to elute platelets from the red cell mass. Platelet concentrates prepared by surge collection with six separation cycles (n = 22), contained an average of 3.9 +/- 1.4 X 10(11) platelets, with 0.15 +/- 0.11 X 10(9) leukocytes, and red cells below the level of detection. The surge technique reduces collection time by 4 minutes per cycle and eliminates the need for a secondary centrifugation; thus, 96 minutes donor processing time would permit eight separation cycles. Platelets collected by the surge technique exhibited unaltered morphology and capacity to take up radioactively labeled serotonin in vitro compared to pre-apheresis controls. Results from in vitro functional studies also indicate that the capacity of platelets collected with the surge technique to respond to various concentrations of adenosine diphosphate, collagen, and thrombin by aggregation and secretion of both serotonin (dense bodies) and beta-thromboglobulin (alpha granules) was not significantly different (p less than or equal to 0.05) from that of pre-apheresis controls. PMID- 6222524 TI - [Nature of the changes in the activity of water-soluble enzymes as affected by noxious agents acting on the muscles. I. A study of the extractability of phosphofructokinase from intact and altered muscles]. AB - Binding of phosphofructokinase (PPK) in intact and thermally altered (15 minutes at 38 degrees C) skeletal muscles of frogs (Rana temporaria) the the extractability of PPK from muscles was studied. PPK activity in actomyosin was also studied. Inhibiting effect of electrolytes (KCl, NaCl, CaCl2, MgCl2) on PPK in muscle extract does not allow to use them for the decision of the question of the interprotein interactions of PPK. 5 mM Na2-EDTA extracts additional PPK from homogenates of intact and altered muscles in comparison with PPK extracted in the media without Na2-EDTA (for intact muscles and altered muscles--509 and 729%). Under alteration of muscle, the binding of PPK increases. Among the structural components of muscle which bind PPK, proteins of actomyosin complex have been found. PMID- 6222525 TI - [The significance of the strain of deportation and the occupation for the postwar mortality and disability of surviving concentration camp prisoners]. PMID- 6222526 TI - [Disability and its course during the years 1946-79 among concentration camp prisoners previously exposed to severe stress]. PMID- 6222527 TI - [Spondylolisthesis and lumbar pain in Greenland patients]. PMID- 6222528 TI - [Reflex dystrophy or occupational disease 2103 of the knee joint? A clinical and expert contribution to a "singular case"]. AB - A "single case" is presented and the question is asked if a BK (occupational disease) can be applied in case of a dystrophy of the knee joint. With respect to the technical conditions according to the BK2103 and the employee, this BK had to be rejected because no active concussion had to be presumed, but a passive, only transmitted concussion. Therefore it has to be investigated if article 551, paragraph 2 of the RVO (Insurance Ordinance of the German Reich) can be applied. In opposition to the Social Court, I had recommended to apply article 551, paragraph 2 of the RVO, because there was a causal connection with respect to responsibility between the professional activity and the injury to health. PMID- 6222529 TI - Histocompatibility testing in clinical renal transplantation. PMID- 6222530 TI - Immunologic monitoring of the renal transplant recipient. PMID- 6222531 TI - Annular arrays for quantitative pulsed doppler ultrasonic flowmeters. AB - A theory, based on the Fourier-Bessel series expansion, is developed to synthesize circularly symmetric field patterns by means of concentric annular arrays. The application of this theory to the formation of variable-width uniform sector beams is studied in detail and results in a canonical design procedure. Calculated beam patterns are compared to the actual measured patterns obtained from a prototype array suitable for transcutaneous investigation of the central blood-flow system and are observed to be in good agreement. The implementation of such arrays in the compensated-first-moment flowmeter is described. Methods of beam-pattern improvement are also discussed. PMID- 6222532 TI - Modulatory and effector function of monocytes in heavy human Schistosomiasis mansoni. PMID- 6222533 TI - [Sanatorium-health resort treatment as a factor in the medico-social rehabilitation of glaucoma patients]. PMID- 6222534 TI - [Case of unusually severe rosacea keratitis]. PMID- 6222535 TI - [Prof. Vasilii Mikhailovich Nazarov (on the centenary of his birth)]. PMID- 6222536 TI - [Development of various types of specialized surgical services in Kazakhstan]. PMID- 6222537 TI - Inhibition of rhodopsin regeneration by cyclohexyl derivatives. AB - Twenty two compounds, bearing some structural similarity either to the ring-end or aldehyde-end of 11-cis-retinal, have been screened for their effectiveness in decreasing the rate of regeneration of rhodopsin in vitro from 11-cis retinal and bovine opsin. The results of these experiments indicate that only those compounds containing a ring and having at least two methyl groups at the 1,5-ring positions are capable of decreasing the rate of regeneration of rhodopsin. Short-chain aldehydes resembling the aldehyde-end of retinal did not affect the rate of pigment formation. There was no additive effect of combining a dimethylcyclohexyl inhibitor and a short chain aldehyde. The methyl groups at the 1,5-positions may play a special role in anchoring the retinal into the protein binding site. This hypothesis is supported by the failure of the ring demethylated analogue, 11-cis, 1,1,5-desmethyl-5,6-dihydroretinal, to form pigment under the same conditions with which good pigment yields are obtained with 11-cis 5,6-dihydroretinal. PMID- 6222538 TI - [Alteration in the functional state of the anticoagulation system after administration of chlormethylsilatrane]. AB - Within 72 hrs after chlormethylsilatrane administration into animals content of heparin increased in blood and, hence, formation of active fibrinolytic complexes of heparin with adrenaline, plasmin and plasminogen was observed. Simultaneously with the increase in total and nonenzymatic fibrinolytic activity of blood plasma chlormethylsilatrane, however, increased distinctly the fibrinogen content in blood. PMID- 6222539 TI - [Activity and appearance of isoenzyme spectrums of some lysosomal hydrolases in biopsy material of human chorion]. AB - Activities and isozyme spectra of alpha-L-fucosidase and beta-D-hexosaminidase were similar both in biopsy material from fetal zone of placenta (chorion) and in chorion tissue obtained after abortion. Evaluation of the isozyme spectrum of these glycosidases in biopsy reeterial of chorion might be carried out for prenatal detection of fucosidosis (deficiency of alpha-L-fucosidase), Tay-Sachs disease (deficiency of hexosaminidase A) and of Sandhoff disease (deficiency of hexosaminidases A and B). PMID- 6222540 TI - [Contamination of various food products with aflatoxins in the Dzhambul district of the Kazakh S.S.R]. PMID- 6222541 TI - [Aflatoxin content of vegetable foods in the Georgian S.S.R]. PMID- 6222542 TI - [Organization of the sanitary control of food-serving units for the people working in the fields]. PMID- 6222543 TI - Autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction in health and disease states in man. AB - In this review are discussed the nature of T cell subsets, defined with monoclonal antibodies, responding in T-non-T and T-T autologous mixed-lymphocyte reactions (AMLR) and antigens stimulating in AMLR, soluble products of AMLR and generation of suppressor, helper and cytotoxic functions. On the basis of these data a model of immunoregulation in vivo can be proposed. We believe that AMLR is a real-phenomenon and not an artefact and perhaps represents a mechanism by which various immune functions are regulated, including feedback regulation of AMLR. The significance of AMLR is further supported by studies in various human and animal diseases. PMID- 6222544 TI - Effect of mode of agitation on storage of platelet concentrates in PL-732 containers for 5 days. AB - To determine the degree of damage induced by different modes of agitation during storage of platelets for 5 days in polyolefin (PL-732), we studied pH, platelet count, release of lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) and beta-thromboglobulin (beta-TG), morphology and osmotic recovery. Platelets were maintained at 20-24 degrees C on elliptical, 6 rpm circular, 2 rpm circular and flat bed agitators. Results showed that the most and least effective modes of agitation were the 2 rpm circular and the elliptical rotators, respectively. Elliptical rotators exhibited excessive release of LDH (46%) and beta-TG (51%) while the 2 rpm circular model produced significantly less discharge of these proteins (LDH 13%; beta-TG 30%; p less than 0.05). With elliptical units, by 120 h of storage, pH was often very alkaline (pH greater than 7.5) when platelet counts were under 1 x 10(9)/ml. Flat bed shakers and 6 rpm circular agitators were acceptable but flat bed units were unable to resuspend the platelet 'button' which forms after the final preparative centrifugation. The 2 rpm circular rotator showed significantly less LDH and beta TG release than did the 6 rpm version (p less than 0.05) and permitted smooth resuspension of the platelet 'button'. Based on our in vitro studies, we conclude that elliptical rotators may not be suitable for storing PL-732 platelet concentrates and that some other form of agitation should be used. PMID- 6222545 TI - [Effects of antiandrogenic treatment with cyproterone acetate on the sexual tonus in virilized women]. AB - Sexual responsiveness was assessed in 46 virilized women during cyproterone acetate treatment over a period of several years according to a sexual score previously described. In general, sexual tonus was depressed by intensive cyproterone acetate medication of several months' duration without concurrent oestrogen. By changing to sequential therapy according to Hammerstein, however, sexual tonus returned to initial levels in the group with normal pre-medication responsiveness. Furthermore, in another group with diminished sexual tonus before treatment, sexual responsiveness, in particular the capacity for orgasm, was stimulated to the level of the first group. The endocrinological basis for this observation is discussed with aid of results of the plasma testosterone/sex hormone binding globulin complex. PMID- 6222546 TI - [The betamethasone test in the diagnosis of placental insufficiency]. AB - A trial to evaluate a functional test of the fetoplacental unit by measuring the extent of suppression of maternal estriol serum levels by glucocorticoids is described. 21 women between the 30th and 40th week of gestation received 4 mg betamethason intravenous injection at 8.30 a.m. Blood samples were collected immediately before betamethason application and at 1.00 p.m., 4.00 p.m., 8 p.m. o'clock and at 8.30 a.m. on the next day. Estriol (E3), cortisol, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S) and human placental lactogen (HPL) were determined from serum samples by radioimmunologic methods. Patients were divided into 3 groups: severe placental insufficiency (group I, n = 6) described by growth retardation of the fetus of more than 2 weeks, normal gestations (group II, n = 8) and slight growth retardation (group III, n = 7). After temporary suppression in groups II and III, E3, DHEA-S and cortisol levels showed a significant increase the day after betamethason. In group I an increase of these parameters was observed 2 to 5 days after betamethason. These results show that a low intravenous dosage of betamethason and collection of blood samples for E3 assays in intervals of 12 hours can be used as a functional test of the fetoplacental unit. PMID- 6222547 TI - [Immunologic detection and in vitro activity of suppressor cells]. AB - Suppressor cells can be identified in vitro either by specific antibodies or by functional test assays. On investigation of the latter, a close relationship was demonstrated between spontaneously active and in vitro induced (ConA) suppressor cells. The activity of these cells, however, showed a wide day to day variation. Hence, no clinically relevant conclusions could be drawn from a comparison of patients and controls. This was shown both for SLE and myeloma. However, in multiple myeloma indirect evidence of increased activity of short-lived suppressor cells emerged from a different methodological approach. Helper and suppressor cells were evaluated using monoclonal antibodies. Patients with Hodgkin's disease in long-term remission had decreased proportions of T lymphocytes. Helper T-cells but not suppressor T-cells were strongly diminished. The helper-suppressor ratio was changed from 2.1 in controls to 1.2 in patients. The stimulation (PHA-stimulation) index of the patients was half of the control value. The interactions of suppressor and tumour cells were investigated in non Hodgkin's lymphoma. In general, a marked reactive infiltration of neoplastic lymph nodes was found. The pattern of suppressor cell distribution argued in favour of a functional role of these cells in tumour growth. PMID- 6222548 TI - [Recommendations for the evaluation and assessment of electrocardiograms of adolescents and adults. A brief programmed course. 10: Partial program III: Right atrioventricular hypertrophy, left atrioventricular hypertrophy and biatrioventricular hypertrophy/3: demonstration of selected electrocardiograms]. PMID- 6222549 TI - [Mercury resistance of Staphylococcus aureus--a characteristic for recognition of epidemic virulent hospital strains]. PMID- 6222550 TI - [Psychosomatics of the success of operations in intervertebral disk lesion patients]. AB - With surgeries of the lumbar disks a comparatively high quota of failures has been found. Therefore, referred to patients who had repeatedly undergone ineffective surgery, the hypothesis was stated that psychosomatic reasons account for this small surgical success. PMID- 6222551 TI - Fluorescence studies on N-(3-pyrene)maleinimide-labeled sarcoplasmic reticulum ATPase in native and solubilized membranes. AB - Fluorescence polarization and formation of excimers were studied in N-(3 pyrene)maleinimide-labeled sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles. 1. The polarization of pyrenemaleinimide labeled vesicles does not change with temperature and shows a pronounced decrease at labeling concentrations larger than 1 mol pyrenemaleinimide per 10 mol ATPase. 2. Solubilization of the membrane with myristoylglycerophosphocholine renders the polarization temperature dependent, but does not affect the concentration dependent depolarization observed in native vesicles. 3. The polarization of labeled vesicles is much smaller than to be expected from the temperature independent polarization indicating that the pyrenemaleinimide polarization did not monitor the rotation of the entire ATPase. Thus segmental motion occurs. 4. Pyrene excimers are observed at label concentrations larger than 1 mol label per 2.5 mol ATPase. 5. The amount of excimers was critically dependent on added detergents. From the fact that non solubilizing amounts of myristoylglycerophosphocholine strongly reduced the amount of pyrene excimers it is concluded that in the native sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles at least two ATPase molecules must be in close contact. PMID- 6222552 TI - Inactivation of the sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium-transport-ATPase by Lasolocid in combination with Triton X-100. AB - The calcium-transport-ATPase of the sarcoplasmic reticulum membranes is irreversibly inactivated by the combined action of Lasolocid and Triton X-100 at concentrations which separately do not interfere with the enzyme's activity. In the presence of Lasolocid the enzyme is most susceptible to inactivation when the Triton X-100 concentration just exceeds its critical micellar concentration, approximately 0.2 mg . ml-1. Lasolocid becomes effective at a concentration of 10 microM and produces rapid inactivation at 100 microM. The enzyme is more rapidly inactivated in the active than in the inactive state. PMID- 6222553 TI - [Current problems in the diagnosis of acquired heart defects]. PMID- 6222554 TI - [Pathogenesis of acne vulgaris]. PMID- 6222555 TI - [Erythrokeratodermia figurata variabilis]. PMID- 6222556 TI - [Various developmental features and anomalies of the maxillofacial complex in children with Down's syndrome]. PMID- 6222557 TI - [Remineralizing properties of saliva as affected by caries preventive agents]. PMID- 6222558 TI - [Frequency and presence of retained teeth--studies based on panoramic x-rays]. PMID- 6222559 TI - [Fluorine content of pork and beef in Hungary]. PMID- 6222560 TI - [Behavior of the dental nerves after vital pulp amputation]. PMID- 6222561 TI - [Shearing strength of the bone-implant bond--biomechanical and x-ray studies of bioglass ceramic and vitreous carbon implants]. PMID- 6222562 TI - [Dynamic method of observing the bite in orthodontics]. PMID- 6222563 TI - [Tooth crowding and oral hygiene]. PMID- 6222565 TI - The development of the posterior nasopharyngeal wall in boys and girls between the ages of 3-16 years. A longitudinal study. PMID- 6222564 TI - [Craniofacial growth in cleft lip and palate patients and normal subjects]. PMID- 6222566 TI - [Axial inclination of the incisors and their biostatic loading]. PMID- 6222567 TI - [Dental crown morphology and alveolar process dimensions]. PMID- 6222568 TI - [Cooperation and therapeutic effect in overcompensated activator]. PMID- 6222569 TI - Results of a genetic study of triplets with class III malocclusion. PMID- 6222570 TI - [Head posture and oral functional space--an orthodontic problem]. PMID- 6222571 TI - [Demyelinating diseases in the southern regions of Uzbekistan]. AB - Examination of the clinical archives for 1931-1980, epidemiological survey of the Samarkand and Kashka-Darya regions as well as clinical examination of 49 patients showed disseminated sclerosis to occur more rarely among the aboriginal population (26,8%) than among newcomers (73,2%). General morbidity was 1.7: 100.000 population; this made it possible to attribute the region under study to a low risk zone. The debut, clinical picture and clinical course of disseminated sclerosis in three groups of patients (aboriginal population, persons born in other Uzbekistan regions and newcomers) were similar and did not differ from classical descriptions by European authors. PMID- 6222573 TI - [Clinical polymorphism in a familial case of demyelinating disease]. AB - A family of non-indigenous inhabitants of Uzbekistan whose three generations have produced three cases of demyelinizing disease are described. One female patient was born, while the other two have been living in the South of Uzbekistan for a long period of time. Multiple lesions of the nervous system, spontaneous and drug induced remissions in the course of the disease constituted a clinical picture similar to that seen in disseminated sclerosis. The polymorphism of the neurologic signs combined with affections of different endocrine organs in each patient showed a predisposing role of the genetic mechanism in a possible impact of damaging exogenous factors. PMID- 6222572 TI - [Treatment of patients with sequelae of meningitis at a balneologic health resort]. AB - The results of balneotherapy in patients with cerebroasthenic and hypertensive syndromes are described. Twenty-four children were examined electrophysiologically and neuropsychologically before and after sanatorium treatment. Massage, exercises, drug therapy, radon and carbon dioxide and sulfurated hydrogen baths were used. Sanatorium treatment resulted in a significant improvement of the general condition, of bioelectrical cerebral activity, of brain hemo- and CSF-dynamics as well as in the recovery of cortical functional activity. The most effective and stable results were obtained in patients with a favourable premorbid period of meningitis. Children with meningitis which occurred after an aggravated premorbid period needed repeated treatment courses. PMID- 6222574 TI - [Hereditary neuromuscular diseases in Byelorussia]. PMID- 6222575 TI - [Genetic markers of erythrocyte blood groups in multiple sclerosis among the Armenian population]. AB - The isoserologic systems, including AB, Rh-Hz, MNSs, Duffy, Kidd, Kell-Chellano, Lutheran, Diego, and Lewis ones were investigated in 50 patients with disseminated sclerosis and in the general population. An increased rate of the Duffy phenotype (a-b+) is reported in the patients versus the population control. Individuals with this phenotype are at three times as great a risk of developing disseminated sclerosis than those with the Duffy phenotype (a+b-). The Duffy antigen (b+) is considered as a possible genetic marker of the disease in the Armenian population. PMID- 6222576 TI - [Role of T-, B-, null, suppressor lymphocytes and anti-brain antibodies in infectious-allergic disease of the nervous system]. AB - Clinicoimmunologic studies involving 255 patients with infectious and allergic nervous disorders showed some alterations in their immune homeostasis in association with a certain imbalance in B-cell immunity. These changes were expressed in a decrease in the functional activity and absolute content of T lymphocytes in the peripheral blood, in a steady increase in O-cells, and in insufficient lymphocyte T-suppressory control. The importance of elevated brain antibody levels for making the differential diagnosis of the autoallergic process in the nerve tissues is demonstrated. PMID- 6222577 TI - [From the history of the clinic for nervous and mental diseases of the North Caucasus Medical Institute (Rostov-on-Don)]. PMID- 6222578 TI - Wallemberg syndrome of traumatic origin. PMID- 6222579 TI - [Double-contrast enema in the diagnosis of colonic diseases. Contribution on 3.500 examinations]. AB - The Authors expose the technical aspects of the double contrast enema in the colonic diseases. They describe the patient preparation, the use of hypotonic agents and the radiographic technique. They discuss also the accuracy of the method and its diagnostic value. On the bases a four year program 3.500 patients were examined; the ichonography enclosed demonstrated the efficaciousness of this method, particularly in the diagnostic of small parietal lesions. PMID- 6222580 TI - [Thermal property and thermal conductivity of sands of Italian beaches and practical deductions for sand-therapy technics]. PMID- 6222581 TI - [Postinfarction aneurysm of the left ventricle. Considerations on its surgical treatment]. AB - The clinical manifestation and the operative results of 15 patients with postinfarction ventricular aneurysm are reviewed. In 6 patients the lesion involved also the interventricular septum. The time interval between infarction and aneurysm resection varied. The main symptoms were those of congestive heart failure and angina, but often severe arrhythmias were also present. It is concluded that ventricular aneurysmectomy associated, whenever possible, with the myocardial revascularization and the repair of ventricular septum lesions is the treatment of choice of this often life-threatening disease. PMID- 6222582 TI - [Pregnancy, labor and perinatal outcome: comparison between an obstetric pediatric multi center study of the Perinatal Preventive Medicine subproject of the National Research Council and clinico-statistic study in the second semester 1981 at the Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinic of Parma]. AB - The data collected from women who delivered in the Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology of the University of Parma since 1/7/81 till 31/12/81 were compared to those of the Obstetric-Pediatric Policentric Study of the Subproject of Perinatal Medicine sponsored by N.R.C. (National Research Council) collected since 1973 to 1977. The maternal wish of pregnancy and the total number of obstetrical controls during pregnancy were higher in the data of Parma than in the data of N.R.C. No differences between the two groups were noted in the obstetrical pathological patterns. Spontaneous labor and elective cesarean section are more frequent in Parma meanwhile there is a minor incidence of low weight newborn and perinatal mortality. No difference was noted in the preterm labor incidence. PMID- 6222583 TI - [Preliminary considerations on the applicability of the precision profile to radioimmunologic assays]. PMID- 6222584 TI - Insulin-mediated effects of glucose on dopamine metabolism. AB - Administration of various doses of glucose to rats produced a significant decrease of dopamine turnover in both striatum and olfactory tubercle. From the dose-response curve, a close connection between 3.4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) variation and insulin plasma level was demonstrated. However, glucose did not affect dopamine metabolism in starved or streptozotocin-treated rats. This indicates that the effect of glucose on the central dopaminergic system is mediated by pancreatic insulin, even in the presence of endogenous brain insulin. Therefore, insulin may influence synaptic transmission in the central nervous system. PMID- 6222585 TI - Inhibition of the TSH secretion by histamine in male rats. AB - The effect of histamine (HA) on the cold-stimulated and the TRH-induced TSH secretion was studied in male rats utilizing HA and specific HA antagonists and histaminergic drugs as tools. L-histidine (1000 and 1500 mg/kg ip) inhibited the cold-stimulated but not the TRH-induced TSH secretion. Mepyramine (5-50 mg/kg ip) and cimetidine (50-250 mg/kg ip) had no effect on the TSH-cold-response, but the TRH-induced TSH secretion was enhanced by them. HA (1 mg/kg sc), 2 pyridylethylamine (2PEA; 10 mg/kg ip) and impromidine (1 mg/kg sc) decreased the TRH-induced TSH secretion but did not affect the TSH cold-response. When infused into the third ventricle HA (1-50 micrograms/rat), impromidine (0.1 and 1.0 microgram/rat) and 2PEA (50 micrograms/rat) decreased the cold-stimulated TSH secretion. The locus of the inhibitory action of HA seems to be both at the anterior pituitary, where it is mediated through H1- and H2-receptors and in the hypothalamus, where the effect appears to be mediated through H2-receptors. At least a part of this particular action might be explained by other mechanisms since neither H1- nor H2-receptor antagonists were able to counteract the effect of HA. PMID- 6222586 TI - Expression of beta-hexosaminidase isozymes in leukemic cells with raised levels of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase activity. PMID- 6222587 TI - [Finger and palm prints of Down's syndrome]. PMID- 6222588 TI - [Palmar creases of Down's syndrome]. PMID- 6222589 TI - Progesterone levels before and after laparoscopic tubal sterilization using endotherm coagulation. AB - Tubal sterilization can be performed by several surgical methods. It has often been reported that menstrual disorders appear after the operations, probably caused by hormonal disturbance. However, there is no published systematic study of the ovarian hormonal status after sterilization. In the present prospective study therefore, the plasma progesterone level has been determined during one menstrual cycle before and one after endotherm tubal laparoscopic coagulation. Plasma progesterone was chosen as normal levels of this hormone during the luteal phase reflect ovulation and an adequate corpus luteum. The endotherm coagulation method does not appear to cause any progesterone malfunction in the ovary. PMID- 6222590 TI - Scintimetric evaluation of nailed femoral neck fractures with special reference to type of osteosynthesis. AB - With the aid of Tc-MDP-scintimetry 1-2 weeks after nailing of femoral neck fractures, it is possible to distinguish fractures liable to complications. Due to the suspicion that frequent peroperative vascular damage was caused by the four-flanged nail (Rydell), a less traumatizing cylindric nail (Hansson) with an insertion instrument was used. In a prospective investigation in January 1981 February 1982, which included all intracapsular femoral neck fractures, the two above-mentioned methods of osteosynthesis were used randomly. Intravital staining with tetracycline showed the peroperative circulation equivalent in Rydell and Hansson groups. A significant difference in postoperative isotope uptake could be noted between the two groups in 37 patients with undisplaced fractures. In 34 of 45 displaced fractures in the Rydell group evidence of circulatory deficiency appeared in the postoperative scintimetry but in only 23 of 52 of the displaced fractures in the Hansson group, a statistically significant difference. The latter figure corresponds well to the incidence of peroperatively registered severe vascular injury evaluated by tetracycline labelling. PMID- 6222591 TI - Plasma and urinary beta-hexosaminidase in juvenile diabetes mellitus. AB - The activity of beta-hexosaminidase (E C 3.2.1.30) in plasma and urine was determined in 99 patients with juvenile diabetes mellitus and in 40 age-matched controls. Plasma enzyme activities were above normal in plasma from diabetics and showed significant correlations with blood glucose and glycosylated HbA1 (GHbA1) but not with the presence of retinopathy. The urinary excretion of beta hexosaminidase, which is a sensitive indicator of renal injury, was also excessive in the diabetics and showed a significant correlation with blood GHbA1. The results show that plasma and urinary beta-hexosaminidase correlate with parameters of diabetic control and that urinary beta-hexosaminidase may be more sensitive than urinary albumin as an indicator of early renal damage. PMID- 6222592 TI - Phosphoglucomutase subtypes in human bloodstains. PMID- 6222593 TI - [Supranuclear eye movement disorders]. PMID- 6222594 TI - [Therapeutic advances in bleeding in the gastrointestinal tract in reflux diseases of esophageal and paraesophageal hernias]. PMID- 6222595 TI - Differentiation of glands of the mucous membrane of the hard palate in man. PMID- 6222596 TI - Early stages of myofibrillogenesis in human embryonic and fetal heart. PMID- 6222597 TI - Quantitative morphometry of dental tissues. PMID- 6222598 TI - Angioarchitectonics of hedgehog cerebral cortex. PMID- 6222599 TI - Cerebral ventricles of the hedgehog brain. PMID- 6222600 TI - [Ultrastructure of the secretory cells of apocrine axillary glands in man]. PMID- 6222601 TI - Operator model of learning. Trajectories of responses. PMID- 6222602 TI - Response of Leydig cells to single and repeated occlusion of the blood flow in the spermatic cord--a quantitative morphometric study. PMID- 6222603 TI - [Cyclic changes in the white blood picture of peripheral blood in rabbits]. PMID- 6222604 TI - [Increase of active lymphocytes in advanced periodontal diseases]. PMID- 6222605 TI - Primary lymphomas of the gastrointestinal tract. PMID- 6222606 TI - [Malignant lymphoma of the "Mediterranean type" in the entero-mesenteric region]. PMID- 6222607 TI - Hodgkin's disease of the thymus. PMID- 6222608 TI - Treatment of chronic glomerulonephritis. PMID- 6222610 TI - Current problems of rheumatology. PMID- 6222609 TI - Atypical Dressler's syndrome. PMID- 6222611 TI - A contribution to the problems of the pathogenesis and the microbial etiology of cholelithiasis. PMID- 6222612 TI - Changes in indicators of cellular and humoral immunity two years after acute viral hepatitis. PMID- 6222613 TI - Acid alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase as a marker of T-lymphocytes. PMID- 6222614 TI - [Superweak radiation of tumors or the ORL region]. PMID- 6222615 TI - [Indication for surgical therapy in the ORL region in allergy patients]. PMID- 6222616 TI - [The problem of extramedullary plasmacytoma in the ORL region]. PMID- 6222617 TI - A contribution to the diagnosis of childhood haematuria. PMID- 6222618 TI - Hypodontia with nail dysgenesis. PMID- 6222619 TI - Orbital arteriography. PMID- 6222620 TI - Operator model of learning. Length of the 1st run of incorrect responses. PMID- 6222621 TI - [Poikilodermatomyositis (pedges)]. PMID- 6222622 TI - [Particular structure of human tongue muscles]. PMID- 6222623 TI - Cold-reacting lymphocytotoxic antibodies in the serum of patients with multiple sclerosis. PMID- 6222624 TI - [Using the questionnaire method in the evaluation of headaches]. PMID- 6222625 TI - Indication for neurosurgical management of prolapsed lumbar intervertebral discs. PMID- 6222626 TI - Operator model for the paired-association learning. PMID- 6222627 TI - Operator model of learning. Length of the 1st run of correct responses. PMID- 6222628 TI - Operator model of learning. Simultaneous probability distribution of the length of both runs of incorrect and correct responses. PMID- 6222629 TI - Selective determination of a cyclohexylamine concentration in the presence of other bases. PMID- 6222630 TI - [Phylogenetic development of the tribes and genera of the subfamily Wurmbaeoideae from the point of view of their contained alkaloids and the migration of continents]. PMID- 6222632 TI - Plasmin induced changes in high molecular weight kininogen (HMW-K). PMID- 6222631 TI - Mhc restriction and Ir genes. PMID- 6222633 TI - Kinin generation in hereditary angioneurotic edema (H.A.N.E.) plasma. PMID- 6222634 TI - Simple radioassays for human plasma and glandular kallikreins. PMID- 6222635 TI - Acute effects of scopolamine in Huntington's disease. PMID- 6222636 TI - Effect of a methionine-enkephalin analog in Huntington's disease. AB - The methionine-enkephalin analog FK 33-824 was administered intravenously to 12 patients with Huntington's disease in a crossover double-blind study. The abnormal involuntary movements (AIM) were not improved after administration of 0.5 mg of FK 33-824. A significant decrease in the AIM score was observed only 150 and 180 min after injection of high doses (2 mg); however, the difference between the active drug and the placebo was never statistically significant. These results are discussed in terms of experimental data suggesting a relationship between methionine-enkephalin and dopamine neurons in the brain and of methionine-enkephalin deficiency in the brain of patients with Huntington's disease. PMID- 6222637 TI - Insufficiency fractures of the tibial plateau. AB - An insufficiency fracture of the tibial plateau may be the cause of knee pain in patients with osteoporosis. The diagnosis is usually not suspected until a bone scan is done, as initial radiographs are often negative or inconclusive and clinical findings are nonspecific and may simulate osteoarthritis or spontaneous. In five of 165 patients referred for bone scans due to nontraumatic knee pain, a characteristic pattern of intense augmented uptake of radionuclide confined to the tibial plateau led to a presumptive diagnosis of insufficiency fracture, later confirmed on radiographs. PMID- 6222638 TI - Patency after femoral angioplasty: correlation of angiographic appearance with clinical findings. AB - Fifty-seven patients (34 men and 23 women) underwent percutaneous angioplasty (PTA) of the superficial femoral artery. Follow-up angiography revealed restenoses/reocclusions in 23 patients (relapsing group) and a patent, previously dilated segment in 34 cases (patent group). These two groups were compared retrospectively regarding their clinical and angiographic state at the time of PTA. The lengths and types of the dilated arterial lesions were similar for both groups. However, the patients in the relapsing group were older as an average, showed significantly more advanced arteriosclerotic disease of their outflow tracts, and were predominantly female. For the relapsing group, a smaller lumen had been attained and a significantly higher brachiopedal pressure difference remained after PTA as opposed to the patients of the patent group. Of the patients with clinical signs of relapse, 28% still had patency of previously dilated segments at follow-up angiography. The true patency rate of dilated arterial segments presumably is higher than what is expected from follow-up examinations using clinical methods alone. PMID- 6222639 TI - Effect of aspirin on angioplasty-induced vessel wall hyperemia. AB - Angioplasty produces a persistent 20-fold increase in blood flow through mural vasa vasorum. To assess the role of prostaglandins in this phenomenon, vessel wall blood flow in experimentally dilated carotid arteries of aspirin treated dogs was measured. Aspirin (10 mg/kg, intravenously) significantly attenuated the increase in blood flow produced by dilation (+283 +/- 91% SE, n = 6) when compared to non-aspirin-treated controls (+2356 +/- 885% SE, n = 10). This suggests that aspirin, by interfering with arachidonate metabolism, may decrease local vasodilation after angioplasty. The effect of aspirin therapy on the long term success of angioplasty requires further study. PMID- 6222640 TI - Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of an abdominal aortic coarctation. PMID- 6222641 TI - Routine oblique projections of the lumbosacral spine in evaluation of chronic low back pain. PMID- 6222642 TI - Least restrictive programming and placement in physical education. PMID- 6222643 TI - Relation of left ventricular mass to geometry of the proximal coronary arteries in the dog. AB - Proximal epicardial coronary artery luminal diameters were measured from silicone casts formed in situ in freshly excised hearts under a constant pressure of 100 mm Hg. Twenty-five coronary arteries from 15 normal dogs and 22 coronary arteries in 13 dogs with either chronic pressure or volume overload hypertrophy were studied. Mean left ventricular (LV) body weight ratios were 4.75 +/- 1.01 g/kg in the normal dogs, 8.4 +/- 1.7 g/kg in the pressure-overload dogs, and 6.2 +/- 0.6 g/kg in the volume-overload dogs. The cross-sectional area of the left circumflex (LC) coronary artery was determined at 11 branch sites. The ratio of the area of the branches to the area of the parent vessel was 1.095 +/- 0.105, indicating that the cross-sectional area after a branch point increased. A poor correlation existed between LV mass and coronary artery diameter in both normal and hypertrophy groups for the LC (r = 0.44), the left anterior descending (LAD) (r = 0.63), and the combined LC and LAD (r = 0.52). The mean cross-sectional area of the combined LC and LAD was 0.12 cm2 in the normal group and 0.15 cm2 in the hypertrophy group; this increase was not statistically significant (p = 0.13). When the mean cross-sectional area of the combined vessels was adjusted for heart weight, there was a decrease in the cross-sectional area/100 g of myocardium in the hypertrophy group compared with the control group. These data demonstrate that coronary artery luminal diameter in the dog does not increase commensurately with the increase in mass associated with myocardial hypertrophy. PMID- 6222644 TI - Coronary blood flow during the development and regression of left ventricular hypertrophy in renovascular hypertensive rats. AB - Left ventricular (LV) coronary flow (CF) was determined by left atrial injection of microspheres in conscious rats during the development and after the reversal of LV hypertrophy in 2-kidney, 1-clip Goldblatt hypertension. Two groups of untreated renal hypertensive rats (RHR) were studied, the first (RHR1, n = 17) at 10 weeks and the second (RHR2, n = 9) at 24 weeks after clipping. Beginning 9 weeks after clipping, 2 other groups were treated either with captopril (40 to 60 mg/kg/day) in drinking water (RHR-C, n = 8) or left nephrectomy (RHR-N, n = 9) and followed for 15 weeks. Sham-operated animals followed for similar periods of time served as controls (Sham-1, n = 12, as a control for RHR1, and Sham-2, n = 11, as a control for RHR2). In all groups, LV mass increased or decreased in close correlation with changes in arterial blood pressure, and minimal total LV coronary resistance remained unchanged. The development of hypertrophy was associated with a tendency toward reduction in CF reserve (defined as maximal CF/unit mass); this flow reserve was restored with reversal of hypertrophy. The importance of the relation between pressure and LV mass as a determinant of CF reserve was investigated in a second study in which this relation was changed by altering the periods of captopril therapy; in these cases, CF reserve correlated significantly with the ratio of arterial pressure to LV mass (r = 0.76, n = 12, p less than 0.01). The results suggest that maintenance of CF reserve in LV hypertrophy depends on an appropriate balance between arterial pressure and LV mass, and might be disturbed by antihypertensive therapy that leaves LV hypertrophy unchanged. PMID- 6222645 TI - Hereditary disorders of red cell enzymes in the Embden-Meyerhof pathway. AB - Recent advances about hereditary disorders of red cell enzymes in the Embden Meyerhof glycolytic pathway and Rapoport-Leubering cycle are discussed with a stress on pyruvate kinase deficiency, because it is the most common and most intensively studied disorder among them. Broad genetic heterogeneity exists in all the known erythroenzymopathies. Recently, the primary structure of normal human red cell phosphoglycerate kinase has been determined and single amino acid substitutions of four mutant phosphoglycerate kinases have been clarified by Yoshida et al. These studies allowed analysis of structure-function relationships at the molecular level to be carried out more precisely than was previously possible. It is the consensus of the investigators working in this field that the pathogenesis in three-quarters of the congenital nonspherocytic hemolytic anemia patients remains unknown even after adequate red cell enzyme studies and isopropanol test for unstable hemoglobin have been done. This simply means that much studies remain to be worked out in this field. PMID- 6222647 TI - Differentiation of two variants of type-AB GM2-gangliosidosis using chromogenic substrates. AB - Two variants of type-ABGM2-gangliosidosis can be distinguished by using p nitrophenyl-6-sulfo-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranoside (PNP-GlcNAc-6-SO4) as substrate. One of the variants is caused by a deficiency of the activator for the hydrolysis of GM2-ganglioside. The beta-hexosaminidase A from this variant has a normal activity toward both PNP-GlcNAc and PNP-GlcNAc-6-SO4. A second variant caused by a defect in the enzyme, beta-hexosaminidase A, exhibits severely attenuated activity toward PNP-GlcNAc-6-SO4 but normal activity toward PNP-GlcNAc. PMID- 6222646 TI - Theories of social selection in human populations. AB - Using Huntington disease, mental retardation, and schizophrenia, it has been shown that two individuals with identical genotypes or phenotypes have different fitnesses because of affected nuclear family members. Such fitness interaction seems to occur because of cultural and social reactions due to the presence of affected individuals, and the interaction has been termed "social selection." Without assuming any specific genetic control for the social behavior, we can study the effect of social behavior on the incidence of a genetic disease. PMID- 6222648 TI - Moxalactam/amikacin versus ticarcillin/amikacin in granulocytopenic patients. PMID- 6222649 TI - Acute renal failure, skin rash, and eosinophilia associated with captopril therapy. AB - A case of acute renal failure associated with captopril administration is reported. A woman, age 57, with a two-year history of hypertension presented with a generalized maculopapular rash preceded by pruritus after three weeks of captopril therapy. Her serum creatinine level on admission was 11.0 mg/dl. Renal biopsy was compatible with acute tubular necrosis without evidence of interstitial nephritis. A skin biopsy did not show any evidence of vasculitis. Captopril was discontinued, and her renal failure reversed over the course of nine days. A year later, the patient has good blood pressure control with stable renal function. Captopril has been associated with renal failure in patients with preexisting renovascular hypertension, and with acute interstitial nephritis in one case. The presentation of this case was similar to the latter case, but the renal biopsy did not show any evidence of acute interstitial nephritis. PMID- 6222650 TI - Medical genetics, Huntington's chorea, and legal questions pertaining to autopsy. AB - A family with Huntington's chorea was evaluated. The 65-year-old male proband had been diagnosed as a paranoid schizophrenic. Because of Huntington's chorea in the family, he was considered "affected" by many of his relatives. Following his death, autopsy was refused by the patient's son, who had been his legal guardian. Legal consultation eventually led to autopsy, which showed no evidence of Huntington's chorea. Genetic counselling was provided for his children and siblings. Pertinent legal and neuropsychiatric issues in Huntington's disease are reviewed. PMID- 6222652 TI - Nonimmune fetal hydrops and Down syndrome. AB - Six infants with nonimmune fetal hydrops (NIFH) were found to have trisomy 21 (Down syndrome). A cardiac malformation was present in three of these infants. The manifestations of Down syndrome was obscured by the generalized edema at birth. The association of Down syndrome and NIFH emphasizes the need for chromosome analysis in the workup of infants or fetuses with NIFH. PMID- 6222651 TI - Genetic abnormalities of immunoregulation in primary biliary cirrhosis. AB - Patients with primary biliary cirrhosis have an abnormality of lymphocyte suppressor cell function that could play a role in the pathogenesis of their disease. To investigate this possibility, suppressor cell function in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis, in their healthy first-degree relatives, in unrelated household contacts, in patients with other types of cirrhosis, and in normal control subjects was studied. The method used is based on the finding that the in vitro addition of concanavalin A to pokeweed mitogen-stimulated lymphocytes activates suppressor cells, which in turn inhibit immunoglobulin synthesis. Thirteen of 16 patients with primary biliary cirrhosis and six of 23 healthy relatives had significant impairment of IgG suppression. All six of these relatives were female. No abnormal suppression was found in unrelated household contacts of patients with primary biliary cirrhosis, in patients with other types of cirrhosis, or in healthy control subjects. There was no correlation between results of the IgG suppressor cell assay and the disease activity in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis. These data suggest that the abnormal suppressor cell function is not a direct cause of primary biliary cirrhosis; however, it may be a genetic marker for susceptibility to this disease. PMID- 6222653 TI - Monozygotic twins discordant for trisomy 21 or chimeric dizygotic twins? PMID- 6222654 TI - Obstetric management of the fetus with omphalocele or gastroschisis: a review and report of one hundred twelve cases. AB - The prenatal diagnosis of an abdominal wall defect in the fetus has led some obstetricians to recommend delivery by cesarean section in order to avoid trauma to the defect and reduce the risk of dystocia. A review was made of the obstetric management of 112 infants with abdominal wall defects who were admitted to a neonatal surgical unit. Cesarean section was performed in 16%, but no cesarean sections were performed because of the prenatal diagnosis, which was made in only four cases. The mortality rate for infants with omphalocele was 29%, and that for infants with gastroschisis was 13.5%. Visceral injury from the delivery process was suggested in one case. Decisions about obstetric management were made in the absence of the knowledge of the anomaly, and vaginal delivery did not appear to adversely affect outcome. It remains to be seen whether more accurate prenatal diagnosis will identify subgroups of infants who would benefit by cesarean section. Until that time, elective cesarean section does not seem to be justified. PMID- 6222655 TI - Laparoscopic findings in patients with pelvic pain. AB - We have reviewed 1,194 charts of consecutive patients who had a diagnostic laparoscopy for pelvic pain from January 1, 1972, to December 31, 1980, at the Deaconess Division of the Buffalo General Hospital. A total of 749 of these patients had normal pelvic examinations prior to the diagnostic laparoscopy; 479 (63%) had abnormal findings on diagnostic laparoscopy. Of the 445 patients with abnormal pelvic examinations, 78 (17.5%) had normal findings on diagnostic laparoscopy. The laparoscopic findings and ovarian pathology are reviewed. These results are substantiated by other reports in the literature and certainly justify the increasing use of the laparoscope as a diagnostic tool in the gynecologist's armamentarium. PMID- 6222656 TI - Evidence that abnormal platelet functions in human Chediak-Higashi syndrome are the result of a lack of dense bodies. AB - The structure and functions of platelets from three patients with the Chediak Higashi syndrome were examined. Electron-microscopic observations revealed a large reduction in the number of serotonin-storage granules or dense bodies but otherwise normal ultrastructure and normal amounts of alpha-granules and catalase positive granules. The number of mepacrine-labeled granules was also reduced. Platelets contained normal amounts of beta-thromboglobulin and Platelet Factor 4. The platelet release reaction studied with thrombin as the inducer was impaired. The serotonin uptake by the patients' platelets was low and not inhibited by reserpine, and its metabolism was increased. These findings clearly show that platelets from human Chediak-Higashi syndrome are deficient in the storage pool of dense granule substances and suggest that this granule defect has an influence on the release mechanism of other granule constituents. PMID- 6222657 TI - Renal localization of heparan sulfate proteoglycan by immunohistochemistry. AB - Glomerular localization of heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HS-proteoglycan) has been studied immunohistochemically with a highly purified antiserum to bovine aorta HS-proteoglycan core protein. The specificity of the antiserum was enhanced by consecutive fibronectin and chondroitin sulfate-dermatan sulfate proteoglycan (CS-DS proteoglycan) affinity chromatography. The affinity-purified HS proteoglycan antibody lacked cross-reactivity by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) with CS-DS proteoglycan, fibronectin, laminin, and Type IV collagen. Reactivity of the antiserum with HS-proteoglycan antigen by ELISA was inhibited by HS core protein derived from CsCl density gradient centrifugation after heparinase treatment of the HS-proteoglycan. Immunofluorescent reactivity of the HS-proteoglycan antiserum was observed with bovine glomerular basement membrane, renal interstitium, Bowman's capsule, renal arterioles, and bovine aorta. No staining was seen with rat, mouse, or human glomeruli. PMID- 6222658 TI - Effect of ischemia, hypertrophy, hypoxia, acidosis, and alkalosis on canine defibrillation. AB - Our purpose was to assess the effect of myocardial ischemia, left ventricular hypertrophy, and systemic hypoxia and acid-base abnormalities on the energy requirements for defibrillation. We determined the defibrillation threshold (DFT), the minimum energy required to defibrillate. DFT was not significantly elevated after left anterior descending coronary occlusion, nor was there a relationship between the size of the occluded coronary distribution area (coronary risk area) and the change in DFT in individual animals. Renal hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy were induced by unilateral nephrectomy and contralateral renal artery stenosis. DFT in left ventricular hypertrophy dogs was not significantly higher than in dogs without hypertrophy. Finally, we induced systemic hypoxia and acid-base abnormalities. Neither respiratory nor metabolic acid-base disturbances affected DFT, but during systemic hypoxia (O2 tension 45 +/- 2) DFT fell from 83 +/- 49 to 58 +/- 28 J (P less than 0.01). Thus in dogs, myocardial ischemia, left ventricular hypertrophy, and acid-base abnormalities do not elevate defibrillation energy requirements, whereas hypoxia reduces the energy needed to defibrillate. PMID- 6222659 TI - Altered coenzyme A and carnitine metabolism in pressure-overload hypertrophied hearts. AB - Changes in the total content and acylation state of coenzyme A (CoA) and carnitine in the heart result in alterations in fatty acid metabolism that may be associated with ventricular dysfunction. The present study was undertaken to determine whether abnormal myocardial CoA and carnitine metabolism occur in pressure-overload hypertrophy and congestive heart failure. Right ventricular hypertrophy was induced in cats by pulmonary artery (PA) banding. Total tissue CoA was reduced by 50% in the hypertrophied right ventricle and 25% in the nonhypertrophied left ventricle of PA-banded cats in the presence or absence of heart failure. No alterations were observed in long-chain fatty acyl CoA levels in either ventricle of PA-banded cats. In addition, a 20% reduction in total CoA was also observed in hypertrophied hearts of rats subjected to aortic banding. Although the CoA content was reduced in hypertrophied cat hearts, myocardial tissue levels of its precursor, pantothenic acid, were unaltered. Total tissue carnitine and long-chain fatty acyl-carnitine levels were unchanged in both ventricles of PA-banded cats; however, total carnitine was reduced by 25% in hypertrophied rat hearts. This study establishes a marked reduction in myocardial CoA content in pressure-overload hypertrophy. PMID- 6222660 TI - An IgG-Fc binding protein in seminal fluid. AB - Human seminal fluid, at low dilutions, prevented the binding of aggregated human IgG (AHG) to bull spermatozoa. Seminal fluids from vasectomized men were also inhibitory. Preincubation of the seminal fluid with the spermatozoa prior to washing and addition to AHG had no inhibitory effect, indicating that the fluid component was reacting directly with AHG. Human seminal fluid was fractionated by gel exclusion chromatography on Ultrogel AcA-34, and AHG inhibitory activity was found in fractions corresponding to a molecular weight of 94,000. The activity in this fraction was stable to boiling for 10 min. It was sensitive to pronase but resistant to glycosidase, phospholipase C, neuraminidase, ribonuclease, and deoxyribonuclease, indicating that it was a protein. The gel filtration fraction readily bound recrystallized Fc and AHG; IgG was bound to a lesser extent, and no reactivity was observed with F(ab')2, IgA, or IgM. Thus, the seminal fluid fraction appeared to specifically react with the Fc portion of IgG. The seminal fluid Fc-binding protein was isolated by affinity chromatography on Fc coupled to CNBr-activated Sepharose 4B. Scatchard analysis revealed that the binding of the seminal fluid Fc-binding protein to recrystallized Fc is reversible and had a Kd of approximately 3 x 10(-6) M. PMID- 6222662 TI - Naturally occurring non-T suppressor cells in pregnant and neonatal mice: some functional and phenotypic characteristics. AB - The mammalian fetus thrives in the presence of a maternal immune system which is considered capable of initiating an aggressive reaction against alloantigens expressed on fetal cells. The control of harmful immunological reactions during pregnancy may be due in part to the combined action of soluble immunoregulatory factors and suppressor cells in the maternal/fetal environments. In the present investigation, a comparison has been made between naturally occurring splenic suppressor cells isolated from neonatal and pregnant adult CBA/J mice. Functional analysis of inhibitory activity was carried out using conventional one-way allogeneic mixed lymphocyte reactions (MLR) consisting of adult CBA/J spleen cells responding against mitomycin C-inactivated BALB/cJ spleen cells. Suppressor cells in the spleen of pregnant animals as well as a population of inhibitory cells in newborn spleen could be shown to be highly resistant to cytotoxic pretreatment with anti-T cell serum plus complement. Both newborn and pregnant non-T suppressor cells were shown to be agglutinated by the B cell-specific lectin soybean agglutinin. The densities of these two populations of non-T inhibitory cells, as determined by Percoll gradient centrifugation, were demonstrated to be very similar (ie, within the range of 1.067 to 1.043 g/ml). The striking parallels in the functional and phenotypic characteristics of the non-T suppressor lymphocytes found in the spleen of pregnant and neonatal animals suggest a common mechanism for their induction. PMID- 6222661 TI - Active suppression of host-versus-graft reaction in pregnant mice. V. Kinetics, specificity, and in vivo activity of non-T suppressor cells localized to the genital tract of mice during first pregnancy. PMID- 6222663 TI - Declaration of Alma Ata. PMID- 6222664 TI - Neonate with Down's syndrome and transient congenital leukemia. In vitro studies. AB - A white female neonate with clinical manifestations of Down's syndrome was found to have a peripheral white count of 74,000/mm3 with 65% blast forms. Bone marrow aspirate revealed 36% blasts. On chromosomal analysis of bone marrow and peripheral blood, two cell lines were found, one with trisomy 21 and another with pentasomy 21. Colony cultures on the patient's bone marrow cells revealed an adequate growth pattern of CFU/GM. Cells were reactive with myeloblast alloantisera. At the age of 3 weeks, peripheral counts were within normal limits as was morphology of the repeat bone marrow aspirate. Chromosome analysis at that time showed complete absence of pentasomy 21 cell line, and repeat cell colony studies revealed normal growth, differentiation, and maturation of CFU/GM. Maternal serum totally inhibited colony growth of the patient's remission marrow and allogeneic blast cells. This serum inhibitor actually disappeared 1 month postpartum. The patient has had no recurrence of blast cells up to the present age of 3 years. PMID- 6222665 TI - The diagnostic use of monoclonal antibodies in a variety of dermatologic conditions. AB - Monoclonal antibodies have been used to characterize subpopulations of lymphocytes in a variety of dermatologic conditions by immunofluorescence and immunoperoxidase staining. Various clinical presentations of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma have been shown to be neoplastic expansions of helper T-lymphocytes. Immunoperoxidase studies using subset-specific monoclonal antibodies have allowed the differentiation of patients with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma from lymphocytoma cutis and B-cell lymphomas secondarily involving the epidermis. Increased numbers of OKT-6 positive Langerhans' cells in the dermal infiltrates of patients with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma may be another immunocytological marker of this disease. Studies done on circulating lymphocytes of patients with psoriasis and pemphigus vulgaris have shown normal ratios of T-cell subsets in patients with psoriasis and an expansion of the helper T-cell subset in an untreated patient with pemphigus. Immunofluorescence and immunoperoxidase techniques used in conjunction with highly specific monoclonal antibodies have been shown to be valuable for histopathologic study of dermatologic diseases. PMID- 6222666 TI - Evaluation of a device for the measurement of the evoked tensions of the rectus abdominis muscle. AB - A device was developed to measure the evoked tensions of the rectus abdominis muscle which consisted of a fluid-filled reservoir wedged between the rectus abdominis muscle and a self-retaining retractor. The evoked contractions of the rectus muscle were compared with that of the tibialis anterior muscle in twelve dogs anaesthetised with pentobarbitone. Significantly greater amounts of tubocurarine were required to depress the response to train-of-four stimuli and the twitch tensions of the rectus muscle than the tibialis. The tibialis recovered faster, spontaneously or after neostigmine, than the rectus in eight of the animals; the opposite occurred in the other four. The present device can be useful during surgery for the evaluation of abdominal muscle tension. PMID- 6222667 TI - Pyruvate as a fluorescence quencher: a new spectroscopic assay for pyruvate reactions. AB - Pyruvate ion, which is biologically ubiquitous and participates in many metabolic reactions, was found to be an effective quencher of fluorescence. Compared to other negatively charged quenchers such as I-, pyruvate is not toxic to proteins. By adding an inert, long-lived fluorophore to systems transacting pyruvate, it is possible to estimate activity by measuring the time course of the change in pyruvate quenching of the fluorophore. The procedure is illustrated by measuring the myosin subfragment-1 ATPase activity with a high sensitivity. PMID- 6222668 TI - An ultrastructural study of the effect of streptozotocin on the secretory ameloblasts of the rat incisor. AB - The acute effect of a single injection of streptozotocin (75 mg/kg) on the secretory ameloblasts of rat incisor was found to be reversible after 4 h. This effect was manifested ultrastructurally by an accumulation of secretion granules within the Golgi apparatus and a diminished accumulation of secretion granules within Tomes' process, thus suggesting a temporary inhibition of secretion. The long term effect of streptozotocin was characterized mainly by large accumulations of secretion granules within the Golgi apparatus, the presence of many lysosomal structures, an abnormal redistribution of secretion granules, and the presence of large amounts of electron-dense material within the intercellular spaces. Because the electron-dense material resembled the enamel matrix, this, and the above changes, suggested that there was a pronounced inhibition in the movement of secretion granules into Tomes' process, as well as an ectopic secretion of the enamel matrix protein. PMID- 6222669 TI - Observations on the ultrastructural appearance of endocrine cells of the small intestine of the calf. PMID- 6222670 TI - [External structure and lobation of the dromedary liver]. PMID- 6222671 TI - [Osteology of the Atlantic walrus (Odobenus rosmarus, L., 1758). Axial skeleton]. PMID- 6222672 TI - Histologic appearance and distribution of synovial membrane types in the equine stifle joint. PMID- 6222674 TI - [Fine structure of the greater omentum of sheep and goats]. PMID- 6222673 TI - [Comparative and surgical anatomy of the calcaneal tendon in domestic mammals]. PMID- 6222675 TI - The interplexiform cell in the chameleon retina. PMID- 6222676 TI - The cartilages of the larynx of the one-humped camel (Camelus dromedarius) and sheep (Ovis aries). PMID- 6222677 TI - Epididymal histoarchitecture of goats under chronic cyproterone acetate. AB - Epididymis were collected from cyproterone acetate-treated Black Bengal goats. Treatment for 70 days reduced the epididymal weight. Caput epididymidis showed drastic decrease in the height of the epithelium, loss of stereocilia, the number of narrow cells and apical cells. Though the corpus showed dramatic changes after treatment, cauda epididymidis showed moderate changes. PMID- 6222678 TI - Dysrhythmias following muscle relaxant administration in patients receiving digitalis. PMID- 6222680 TI - Occupational lung disease. PMID- 6222679 TI - Patterns of response to inhaled bronchodilators in asthmatics. AB - In response to inhaled bronchodilators, asthmatic subjects may show a predominant increase in expiratory flow rate (flow responders) or forced vital capacity (volume responders). The pattern of response could relate to the site of expiratory flow limitation and/or the site of action of the inhaled bronchodilator. We studied 15 asthmatic subjects, and measured lung volumes and maximal expiratory flow-volume curves while they breathed room air and 80% He-20% O2 (He-O2) before and after inhalation of fenoterol 400 micrograms (Berotec), and ipratropium bromide 40 micrograms (SCH 1000). Subjects were categorized as flow responders (FR) or as volume responders (VR) by the ratio delta FEV1/delta FVC (ratio less than 1 predominant VR, ratio greater than 1 = predominant FR). The site of expiratory air-flow limitation was assessed by the percent increase in maximal expiratory flow breathing He-O2 at an absolute lung volume (delta Vmax), and the change in He response from control was calculated (delta delta Vmax). The ratio delta FEV1/delta FVC varied between 0 and 10 and did not correlate with initial density dependence. There was no difference in the pattern or apparent site of response to Berotec or SCH 1000. There was a positive relationship between control FEV1 and FVC percent predicted and delta FEV1/delta FVC. The subjects with worse pulmonary function showed a decrease in He-O2 response postbronchodilator and a predominant volume response suggesting recruitment of peripheral diseased airways. PMID- 6222681 TI - Moxalactam and hemorrhage. PMID- 6222682 TI - Experimental study of velocity fields in a human nasal fossa by laser anemometry. AB - Velocity fields were mapped in a model of a human nasal fossa by laser doppler velocimetry, an innovative, quantitative and noninvasive method of optical anemometry, and by computerization. Other pertinent parameters were also calculated. Studies made at different cross sections of the nasal fossa showed the very definite influence not only of shapes and dimensions but also of direction of flow on velocity fields. The turbinates had a streamlining effect on the velocity fields while the liminal valve had a directional effect. Flow was usually greater in the lower half of the fossa and closer to the septum. The flow was generally turbulent. Velocity fields appear to give more information on intranasal aerodynamics than the calculated flow and Reynolds number for the sections studied, and this allows one to at least theorize that there may be an aerodynamic basis to certain pathological conditions of the nasal airway and its adjoining cavities, the paranasal sinuses, and the eustachian tubes. PMID- 6222684 TI - HLA and skin disease in the Chinese. AB - The HLA associations in skin diseases among the Chinese were reviewed. Tuberculoid leprosy was associated with B17 (RR = 4.1). This HLA association was reinforced in the finding of excess HLA haplotype sharing among affected siblings in multiple case families. In psoriasis the associations were with A1, AW30 and B13. The relative risk associated with AW30, B13 was 16.1. In SLE, mild patients were associated with B13 (RR = 3.7) and severe patients with B17. PMID- 6222683 TI - The treatment of gonorrhoea--beta lactamase producers. AB - The high endemicity of PPNG in some regions preclude the continued routine use of procaine penicillin as treatment for gonorrhoea. The aminoglycosides, spectinomycin, second and third generation cephalosporins are highly effective and on epidemiological grounds, should replace penicillin as the first choice antibiotic. However, due cognizance has to be given to the impact of this recommendation on the non PPNG strains and the development of chromosomal resistance to the latter antibiotics. Also, the discontinuation of penicillin as the first line drug for gonorrhoea may see a resurgence of early syphilis. All future recommendations on the treatment of gonorrhoea should take these factors into consideration. Synergetic combination of beta lactam antibiotics and beta lactamase inhibitors or combination therapy may be the lines along which future research should head. PMID- 6222685 TI - Oral retinoid (Tigason R etretinate) therapy in congenital disorders of keratinisation. AB - We report our experience in Singapore with the use of the new oral Retinoid etretinate (Tigason RO 10-9359) in 23 patients suffering from various congenital disorders of keratinisation. In this study the drug was administered to 8 patients with Darier's disease, 7 patients with congenital ichthyosis, 4 patients with palmar plantar keratoderma, 2 patients with systematised epidermal naevus and 2 patients with progressive symmetrical erythrokeratoderma. The best results were obtained in patients with ichthyosis where complete clearance was possible. All patients with Darier's except one showed significant improvement. Palmar plantar keratoderma except for one patient gave only fair to minimal improvement. Etretinate was useful in systematised epidermal naevus and progressive symmetrical erythrokeratoderma. Pruritus and cheilitis were the commonest side effect. In two patients (both with Darier's disease) treatment was stopped because of side effects. The side effects were dose related. The histology showed a reduction of the keratin layer but remnants of the original features of the pathology were still present. PMID- 6222686 TI - The susceptibility of Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolated in Singapore to antimicrobial agents--studies on changes in susceptibility patterns over the years. AB - The results of antibiotic MIC determination on gonococci isolated in Singapore over several years were studied. 53.6% of the strains isolated in 1981 had penicillin MIC values of 0.5 microgram/ml or more. The implementation of a control programme was followed by an increase in the susceptibility of the gonococcus to penicillin, ampicillin and tetracycline. An outbreak of PPNG occurred in 1978 while the control programme was on. In the initial period the PPNG was less susceptible to tetracycline, kanamycin and spectinomycin than the non-PPNG. Later on, as the PPNG was subjected to the same antibiotic selective pressures as the non-PPNG, the differences were less obvious. Following the use of kanamycin as a front-line drug, the percentage of PPNG isolated was stabilized. PMID- 6222687 TI - [Does adrenarche really play a determining role in pubertal development? A study of the dissociations between adrenarche and gonadarche. The failure of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate treatment in delayed adrenarche]. AB - The temporal events of adrenarche (prepubertal shift in adrenal androgen biosynthesis) are described. The mechanisms responsible for the initiation and maintenance of the adrenal secretion of androgens are poorly understood. The hypotheses put forward to explain it are reviewed. The transectional or longitudinal study of the plasma levels of dehydroepiandrosterone, its sulfate (DHAS), delta 4-androstenedione, testosterone, and 170H-progesterone in 121 children with a variety of clinical disorders in which adrenarchal and gonadal maturations are dissociated (precocious adrenarche, precocious or delayed puberty, adrenal insufficiency, gonadal dysgenesis, hypogonadotropism hypogonadotrophic) is presented. Treatment of a group of 10 children, with delayed or absent adrenarche and growth failure, with DHAS at physiological dose, for a mean of two years, failed to induce any change in growth rate, bone maturation, growth of sexual hair, or genitalia, or to advance puberty. A physiological role for adrenal androgens remains to be discovered. The author's concept is that adrenarche represents a "marker of body maturation". PMID- 6222688 TI - Effects of low doses of irradiation on the T-cell-mediated cytotoxic response. AB - Statistically significant inhibition of the T-cell-mediated cytotoxic response was observed when mouse splenocytes were irradiated in vitro with 0.15 Gy prior to ConA and allogeneic stimulation. Restimulation in mixed lymphocyte culture demonstrated the same difference between irradiated and non-irradiated cultures as for the first stimulation. Adherent cell depletion of responder cells did not modify the inhibitory effect of 0.15 Gy on the cytotoxic response. The study of Lyt-6 markers on activation showed a decrease in the total number of activated cells (but not of the percentage) in cultures processed with irradiated cells. The data suggest that a T cell, involved in the generation of cytotoxic lymphocytes and present in the Lyt-2-depleted population, is the target of low dose irradiation. PMID- 6222689 TI - [Psychopedagogic contributions to dentistry for the handicapped]. PMID- 6222690 TI - A philosophy on dental care for the handicapped. PMID- 6222691 TI - [Clinical eruption of permanent teeth in children with mental handicaps in Santo Domingo]. PMID- 6222692 TI - Immunoregulatory mechanisms in nonspecific inflammatory bowel disease. AB - Little is known of either the etiology or the pathogenesis of nonspecific inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). One hypothesis proposes the presence of a disorder of immune regulation as an initiating or perpetuating mechanism of continued bowel wall inflammation in these diseases. This chapter examines the basis for this proposal and reviews recent studies directed toward the demonstration of defective immunoregulatory mechanisms in IBD. PMID- 6222693 TI - [Extraction of mithramycin with organic solvents]. PMID- 6222694 TI - [Effect of rubomycin and carminomycin on suppressor cells participating in the regulation of the immune response]. AB - The effect of rubomycin and carminomycin on induction of suppressor cells in immunization of mice with high doses (2 . 10(9) cells) of sheep red blood cells (SRBC) or with the allogeneic spleen cells was studied. When the spleen cells of syngeneic animals hyperimmunized with SRBC were administered to intact cells, a marked specific suppression of both the antibody formation and the reaction of the delayed type hypersensitivity were observed. A decrease in the suppressor activity or its complete elimination as a result of exposure of the spleen cell donors to the antibiotics was indicative of a relatively selective effect of these drugs on the suppressor cells. This effect of the antibiotics increased after treatment of the spleen immune cells with the anti-T-serum and complement. However, the blocking effect of the antibiotics on the suppressor cells was not strictly specific, since they were detected in the syngeneic and allogenic systems with the cell transfer. PMID- 6222695 TI - In vitro activity of Bay 09867, a new quinoline derivative, compared with those of other antimicrobial agents. AB - The in vitro activity of Bay 09867, a new quinoline derivative, was compared with those of norfloxacin, nalidixic acid, ceftazidime, cefaclor, cefuroxime, gentamicin, and other antimicrobial agents, when appropriate, against 410 recent clinical isolates. The minimal inhibitory concentrations of Bay 09867 for 90% of Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Haemophilus influenzae, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, streptococci, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacteroides fragilis strains were between 0.008 and 2 micrograms/ml. Bay 09867 was considerably more active against the gram-negative bacteria tested than were other agents tested. Gentamicin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae, P. aeruginosa, and methicillin-resistant S. aureus were highly susceptible to Bay 09867. Strains less susceptible to nalidixic acid and norfloxacin tended to be less susceptible to Bay 09867. The protein binding of Bay 09867 was about 20%. PMID- 6222696 TI - Clinical evaluation of moxalactam: evidence of decreased efficacy in gram positive aerobic infections. AB - Moxalactam was used as initial, empirical therapy in 69 patients with a variety of serious bacterial infections, 32% of which were accompanied by bacteremia. Overall, the success rate was 83% and drug-related adverse effects were minimal. The drug was less efficacious in infections caused by aerobic gram-positive pathogens than it was in those caused by gram-negative pathogens. The following gram-positive organisms were associated with special problems during moxalactam therapy: Streptococcus pneumoniae (development of meningitis and a relapse of pneumonia with a more resistant strain), Staphylococcus epidermidis (in vivo emergence of moxalactam resistance, and the enterococci (failure of therapy and a fatal superinfection. Moxalactam performed well in infections caused by most gram negative organisms, including aminoglycoside-resistant strains, but the previously reported emergence of gram-negative bacillary resistance to moxalactam during therapy was reconfirmed in our series with Serratia marcescens. The use of moxalactam in the treatment of gram-negative meningitis was further supported by a patient with meningitis-ventriculitis caused by Bacteroides fragilis who was cured with moxalactam after failure on chloramphenicol. PMID- 6222697 TI - Elevated intramitochondrial adenine nucleotides and mitochondrial function. AB - Several groups of investigators have shown that treatment of rats with glucagon produces an increase in the adenine nucleotide content of hepatic mitochondria. It has been suggested that this enlarged pool of exchangeable nucleotides may be responsible for several of glucagon's stimulatory effects on mitochondrial functions by accelerating the transport of adenine nucleotides across the inner mitochondrial membrane. This hypothesis was tested by loading rat liver mitochondria in vitro with adenine nucleotides to supranormal levels. This procedure did result in stimulation of several metabolic and bioenergetic functions including pyruvate carboxylation, uncoupler-dependent ATPase, and succinic dehydrogenase activity but not formation of citrulline. However, a sham loading that did not increase the nucleotide content of the mitochondria was essentially as effective as the loading procedure in stimulating those functions assayed. Mitochondria, loaded in vitro with supranormal levels of adenine nucleotides, were shown to have an enlarged pool of exchangeable nucleotides. This exchange was atractyloside sensitive, but the rate of exchange was only slightly increased as a consequence of enlargement of the pool. Similarly, mitochondria isolated from glucagon-treated rats showed no increase in the rate of exchange, although the exchangeable pool was increased. There was no correlation between the rate of nucleotide exchange and the rate of the uncoupler dependent ATPase. PMID- 6222698 TI - Purification and characterization of an extracellular acid protease from Neurospora crassa. AB - An extracellular acid protease was purified 1420-fold from sulfur-starved protein induced cultures of Neurospora crassa. The enzyme was homogeneous as determined by polyacrylamide electrophoresis. The purification procedure consisted of an ultrafiltration step, cation-exchange chromatography, and affinity chromatography on Sepharose-linked pepstatin. The enzyme is homologous to aspartyl proteases that are characterized by pepstatin inhibition and trypsinogen activation. It is extremely autolytic, especially under denaturing conditions. The protease is stable between pH 3 and 7, showing optimal activity near pH 4.0 for both trypsinogen activation and hydrolysis of bovine serum albumin. The molecular weight of the enzyme was 34,500 by gel electrophoresis and gel filtration, and 34,975 by amino acid analysis. PMID- 6222700 TI - Intralesional corticosteroids in the treatment of nodulocystic acne. AB - We evaluated the effectiveness of intralesional injections of corticosteroids in the therapy for nodulocystic acne. Triamcinolone acetonide at a concentration of 0.63 mg/mL was as efficacious as a higher concentration of 2.5 mg/mL. Betamethasone phosphate had little, if any, effect on nodulocystic acne lesions at concentrations of 3.0, 1.5, and 0.75 mg/mL, when compared with saline controls. PMID- 6222699 TI - Reduction of laccase type 1 copper by 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine and other catechol derivatives. AB - 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) is not a preferred substrate of Rhus vernicifera laccase, as rate constants for the anaerobic reduction of the type 1 cupric atom by L-DOPA (6.3 X 10(1) M-1 s-1), D-DOPA (2.6 X 10(1) M-1 s-1), and L DOPA methyl ester (2.6 X 10(1) M-1 s-1) are considerably smaller than k1 (catechol) (7 X 10(2) M-1 s-1) and rate constants characteristic of numerous other nonphysiological organic substrates (25 degrees C, pH 7.0, I = 0.5 M). The reactions of DOPA derivatives with laccase are unique, however, in that a two term rate law pertains: kobsd = k0 + k1[phenol]; k0(L-DOPA) = 7 X 10(-2) s-1. The reactivities of other catechol derivatives (pyrogallol, gallic acid, and methyl gallate) with laccase type 1 copper were also examined. PMID- 6222701 TI - Injectable collagen implants. PMID- 6222702 TI - Pigmentation of open comedones. An ultrastructural study. AB - Ultrastructural examination of expressed "black" open comedones did not disclose any single melanosomes or melanosome complexes. If there is any melanin present in comedonal plugs, the amount is minimal, and it cannot be the source of the black color. PMID- 6222703 TI - Patient concepts and misconceptions about acne. AB - A questionnaire was completed by 178 patients and relatives with dermatologic conditions as the first phase of a two-part study of the interrelationships between understanding and treatment compliance. Substantial numbers of those surveyed had ideas about cause, treatment, and prognosis that might adversely affect therapy. Diet, dirt, soap and water, topically applied acne gels, and realistic expectations for cures seem to be the most important subjects to emphasize in the written or oral "teaching" of patients with acne. PMID- 6222705 TI - [Effect of trazodone hydrochloride on oxidative metabolism and ATPase activity of the brain of rats in vitro]. PMID- 6222704 TI - Comparative activity of benzoyl peroxide and hexachlorophene. In vivo studies against propionibacterium acnes in humans. AB - The bactericidal effects of benzoyl peroxide (5% lotion) and hexachlorophene (3% colloidal suspension) against Propionibacterium acnes were compared in nine healthy college students who had the microbiological and skin lipid characteristics typical of acne vulgaris, but no active lesions. Each of the two medications was applied twice daily, to opposite sides of the face, for four consecutive weeks. Hexachlorophene was effective against surface aerobes but only slightly active against P acnes. It marginally reduced free fatty acid concentrations in surface lipids and in follicular porphyrin fluorescence. Conversely, benzoyl peroxide virtually eliminated P acnes and aerobes and induced substantially decreased free fatty acid concentrations and follicular fluorescence. We conclude that benzoyl peroxide exerts its antimicrobial action in the follicles and inhibits P acnes, while the antimicrobial effectiveness of hexachlorophene is limited to the skin surface. PMID- 6222706 TI - [Effect of etomidate on the oxidative metabolism and ATPase activity of the rat brain in vitro]. PMID- 6222707 TI - The role of graft material in aortic reconstructive surgery. AB - Graft replacement of an aneurysmal abdominal aorta and bypass grafting for aorto iliac occlusive disease has proven effective since synthetic materials were introduced three decades ago. During the period 1978-1981, 584 patients underwent aortic reconstruction for aneurysmal or aorto-iliac occlusive disease. Two hundred fifty-four patients (43%) were operated for aneurysms while 330 (57%) patients had symptomatic aorto-iliac occlusive diseases. There were 508 (87%) men and 76 (13%) women. Associated disease was common, with 245 patients (42%) having arteriosclerotic heart disease, 291 (50%) hypertensive, 128 (22%) having manifestations of extracranial occlusive disease, and 50 (8.6%) having diabetes mellitus. Sixty-four (10%) patients in this series had coronary revascularization prior to their aortic graft. One hundred five (17.9%) carotid endarterectomies had been performed previously or immediately prior to aortic grafting. Distal reconstructive operations had been performed in 106 patients (18%). Renal or mesenteric revascularizations were performed concomitantly in 87 and eight patients, respectively. One hundred two femoral reconstructions or distal bypasses were also performed to assure adequate outflow. Thirteen (2.27%) deaths occurred during the first 30 days. Cardiac problems accounted for eight of these deaths. Graft occlusion occurred in the immediate postoperative period in four (0.4%) limbs. During the follow-up, an additional seven limbs (1.04%) have occluded. There have been no other complications associated with the grafts during the follow-up period. Results in this series affirm the authors' strong commitment to direct aortic reconstruction. PMID- 6222708 TI - Trends in the treatment of coronary disease today. Selective use of PTCA and bypass surgery. AB - Selection and treatment of patients with ischemic heart disease is presently undergoing an evolutionary trend. Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) has been recommended as the initial procedure for many patients with coronary artery disease (CAD), thus possibly redefining candidates for coronary bypass surgery (CABS). Between October 1980 and June 1982, 777 patients having PTCA and 2068 patients having CABS were analyzed for differences in clinical presentation, complications, and early outcome. Patients having CABS were significantly older, had a higher incidence of hypertension (46% vs. 32%), more multivessel disease (80% vs. 12%), and poorer left ventricular function (nl. wall motion = 88% vs. 52%). The incidence of myocardial infarction in patients after PTCA was 1.0% (8/777). Emergency CAB was required in 5.3% of patients following PTCA. There were no deaths following the angioplasty procedure and 25 deaths in 2068 patients having CABS (hospital mortality rate = 1.2%). Since 1973, there has been a progressive decline in hospital mortality rate (now, less than 1%), postoperative infarction (now, 3%), requirement for inotropic drugs (now, 5%) and frequency of IABP (less than 1%). Increasing ability to achieve complete revascularization now means improved survival and freedom from angina with CAB surgery. PTCA and CAB are both procedures that may be used effectively for selected patients, depending on clinical presentation, extent of CAD, and left ventricular function (LVF). Careful patient selection affords the opportunity for use of PTCA in patients with single-vessel disease (SVD) and good LVF and CABS in patients with multivessel disease, regardless of LVF. Symptomatic patients with SVD and total vessel occlusion are not candidates for PTCA. Our data demonstrate that both PTCA and CABS may be accomplished with very low perioperative complications and hospital mortality. PMID- 6222709 TI - Surgical treatment of acute ascending aortic dissection. AB - Since adopting a policy of immediate operation on patients with acute dissection of the ascending aorta, 42 men and 6 women (ages 18-67 years) have been managed surgically. Thirty-two patients had graft replacement of the ascending aorta and resuspension of the incompetent aortic valve. One of these had a coronary graft. There were five deaths in this group. Eight patients required aortic valve replacement because of a diseased aortic valve as well as grafting of the ascending aorta, with one death. Three patients had resuspension of the aortic valve and primary repair of their dissection without mortality. Two patients were managed successfully with an intraluminal prosthesis and resuspension of the aortic valve. Another patient had successful repair with a valved conduit and reimplantation of the coronaries. Two patients dissected 4 and 6 years after aortic valve replacement and neither survived operative repair. Of the surviving patients, one required dialysis, one a femoral-femoral bypass graft, and one an axillo-femoral bypass graft. One patient required a pacemaker for heart block, and two underwent successful repair of suture line aneurysms, both occurring three years after operation. On the basis of this experience, prompt surgical intervention for acute ascending aortic dissection is the treatment of choice. A variety of techniques are available to repair the dissected aorta. Long-term results for resuspension of the aortic valve in acute ascending aortic dissection have been excellent and emphasize that valve replacement should be reserved for those patients found at operation to have a primary abnormality of the aortic valve. PMID- 6222710 TI - A randomized clinical trial of moxalactam alone versus tobramycin plus clindamycin in abdominal sepsis. AB - One hundred patients with intraabdominal infections were assigned randomly in double-blind fashion to receive either the combination of tobramycin plus clindamycin (TM/C) or moxalactam (MOX) alone. Fifty patients comprised each group, but one patient in each group died of infection before 48 hours treatment. In the remaining 98 patients, the average age was 62 years, initial serum albumin was 3.0 mg/dl, serum creatinine was 1.5 mg/dl, and over half of the patients were nutritionally deficient by the prognostic nutritional index criteria. In approximately one-half of the patients, the source of infection was perforated colon or perforated appendix. There were no significant differences in demographic factors between these groups, except that those who were given TM/C were older, while those who were given MOX had a more serious long-term prognosis due to underlying disease. The average length of treatment was 11 days, and the average hospitalization time was 24 days. Clinical response to therapy was identical, since 74% of the TM/C patients and 76% of the MOX patients had satisfactory responses. Bacteria persisted at the site of infection in 63% of the TM/C patients and in 65% of the MOX patients, with the most common isolate being Staphylococcus epidermidis. Pseudomonas infections were the most difficult to cure in both groups. The two regimens differed only in side effects; TM/C was a more frequent (p less than 0.05) cause of nephrotoxicity, and elevated prothrombin time/partial thromboplastin time (PT/PTT) was more frequently (p less than 0.05) observed in MOX. All PT/PTT elevations responded to injections of vitamin K, and no serious bleeding occurred. Choice between these regimens depends on the risk of renal versus hematologic side effects, rather than efficacy. PMID- 6222711 TI - Resection of aortic arch aneurysms: a comparison of hypothermic techniques in 60 patients. AB - Hypothermic circulatory arrest has been used to facilitate resection of aneurysms of the aortic arch. During a five-year period, two methods of hypothermic arrest were compared in 60 patients. In Group 1, 20 patients underwent deep hypothermia (14 degrees to 18 degrees C) and circulatory arrest to allow repair of the transverse arch under optimal conditions. A hospital mortality of 50% occurred and was attributed to uncontrolled hemorrhage and cerebral or cardiac complications. In Group 2, modified techniques were employed in 40 patients and included moderate levels of hypothermia (22 degrees to 26 degrees C) and simplified operative methods, which reduced the duration of circulatory arrest and shortened the length of perfusion. Pretreatment of plasma-soaked Dacron grafts by autoclaving eliminated serious bleeding problems. A marked improvement in patient survival (90%) and reduction in postoperative complications were observed after adoption of these modifications. The improved results in the present series have reconfirmed our belief that this type of intervention is the preferred approach to aneurysms of the aortic arch. PMID- 6222712 TI - Effects of prostacyclin infusion on platelet activation and postoperative blood loss in coronary bypass. AB - The effects of infusion of prostacyclin were studied in 41 patients undergoing aortocoronary bypass. Twenty-three patients received heparin (2 mg per kilogram of body weight) and prostacyclin (50 ng per kilogram per minute) during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Eighteen patients received heparin (3 mg per kilogram). One hour after CPB, the platelet count was 98 +/- 16% of the value obtained before CPB in the prostacyclin group and 73 +/- 18% in the control group (p less than 0.001). The plasma level of platelet factor 4 rose only initially during CPB in the prostacyclin group, but increased continuously in the control group; at 90 minutes of CPB it was 92 +/- 35 ng per milliliter and 376 +/- 119 ng per milliliter, respectively (p less than 0.001). Beta-thromboglobulin showed a similar pattern. Postoperative chest drainage was 386 +/- 87 ml in the prostacyclin group and 596 +/- 342 ml in the control group (p less than 0.05). Blood transfused during and five days after operation was 1,359 +/- 751 ml in the prostacyclin group and 2,047 +/- 915 ml in the control group (p less than 0.05). PMID- 6222713 TI - Chitosan: a new hemostatic. AB - Chitosan is a deacetylated derivative of arthropod chitin. We found that it formed a coagulum in contact with defibrinated blood, heparinized blood, and washed red cells. When knitted DeBakey grafts were treated with chitosan, they were impermeable to blood. Examination of these grafts at 24 hours revealed no rebleeding. Examination at one, two, three, and four months showed the grafts to be encased in smooth muscle with a living endothelial lining and an abundant vasa vasorum. Control grafts showed the usual fibrous healing. PMID- 6222714 TI - Zomepirac-induced renal failure. AB - Zomepirac sodium is a new nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent for management of mild to moderate pain. We report five cases of acute renal failure in patients with prior normal renal function. Manifestation of toxic effects has occurred after both short- and long-term exposure and has resulted in varying degrees of azotemia, proteinuria, and oliguria. All patients recovered either with a discontinuance of the drug therapy or with prednisone therapy. PMID- 6222715 TI - Genotoxicity of Fusarium mycotoxins (nivalenol, fusarenon-X, T-2 toxin, and zearalenone) in Chinese hamster V79-E cells in vitro. AB - The mycotoxins nivalenol, fusarenon-X, T-2 toxin and zearalenone were checked for clastogenic damage, induction of SCEs and cell cycle delay in Chinese hamster V79 E cells in vitro. The trichothecenes nivalenol, fusarenon-X and T-2 toxin provoked a marked toxicity as especially expressed by cell cycle delay. As compared to toxicity, they are weak clastogens. Addition of S9 mix toxified nivalenol, detoxified T-2 toxin and had no marked influence on fusarenon-X activity. SCE values were slightly increased. It is suggested that the effects observed are unspecific and are caused by inhibition of protein synthesis. Zearalenone was inactive in the three assays. Problems of genotoxicity and carcinogenicity of Fusarium toxins are discussed. PMID- 6222716 TI - A holistic approach to rehabilitation for the limb-deficient child. PMID- 6222717 TI - Pregnancy and the herniated lumbar disc. AB - During the last decade, five pregnant patients with symptoms and signs of a herniated lumbar disc were identified among a series of 48,760 consecutive deliveries at William Beaumont Hospital, an incidence of 1:10,000. In all cases, clinical evaluation and electromyography complemented conservative treatment during the final stage of pregnancy. Each patient was delivered by cesarean section. Large lumbar disc herniations in each case were subsequently identified by myelography. In all five cases, lumbar laminectomy was successful in facilitating the eventual resolution of the signs and symptoms of the radiculopathy. Although the mechanical and postural stresses of pregnancy have been cited as predisposing causes of a herniated lumbar disc, this study suggests otherwise. Lumbosacral vertebral disc ruptures of pregnancy, while relatively rare, should nevertheless be recognized early, distinguished from other causes of lumbosacral gestational plexopathy, and promptly treated. PMID- 6222718 TI - [True lumbago as a prodromal sign in vertebral-nerve root herniated disk syndromes]. PMID- 6222719 TI - [36 cases of radiculographic block]. PMID- 6222720 TI - [Clinical and diagnostic problems in pathology of the lumbar vertebral canal]. PMID- 6222721 TI - [Anatomico-clinical aspects of intervertebral disk pathology of the lumbar region]. PMID- 6222722 TI - [Studies of leukocyte adherence inhibition (LAI) tests in patients with drug eruptions]. PMID- 6222723 TI - [Characteristics of isolated cardiomyocytes of the left regions of the human heart in hypertrophy]. AB - Study of the DNA content in nuclei and of the number of polynuclear cardiomyocytes in the left auricula atrii and the left ventricle wall in the operation and biopsy material of patients with mitral valvular disease showed hypertrophy to be accompanied by polyploidization and division of the nuclei as well as division of cardiomyocytes themselves. PMID- 6222724 TI - [A case of combined internal and external rupture of an enlarged right heart ventricle]. AB - A rare case of successive development of internal and external rhexis of the right ventricle of the heart in myocardial infarction in a man of 50 is presented. The myocardial infarction had been preceded by chronic pulmonary diseases which resulted in the development of the pulmonary heart and chronic pulmonary-cardiac deficiency. The death was due to cardiac tamponade in connection with external cardiorhexis. Clinical and macroscopic changes in the zone of the right ventricle papillary muscle rhexis did not correspond to microscopic changes typical of this stage of infarction which the authors believe to be associated with long-term corticosteroid therapy. The lack of the signs of marked coronary sclerosis suggests that myocardial infarction of the right ventricle was due to severe hypoxia of the functionally overstrained myocardium. PMID- 6222725 TI - [Morphology and pathogenesis of psoriasis]. AB - Data from the literature on morphological features of foci of lesions on the skin which is the main target of the pathological process in psoriasis are presented as well as the materials confirming the systemic nature of the disease. The important role of immunopathological responses in the pathogenesis of psoriasis is emphasized. Viruses, congenital defects in the immune regulatory system, cellular membranes of the epidermis, blood and lymph vessels are discussed as possible etiological factors. The morphology of regression of psoriatic foci of lesions under the influence of photochemotherapy is described. PMID- 6222726 TI - Effect of specific antisera on adherence properties of the oral bacterium Streptococcus mutans. AB - Antisera to Strep. mutans antigens B, glucosyltransferase (GTF) and a glucan binding protein (GBP) reduced the build-up of this bacterium on glass surfaces in vitro; antiserum to antigen A and a control non-immune serum were without significant effect. The same sera were used to study the involvement of these antigens in cell-cell aggregation mediated by sucrose or water-soluble Dextran 2000. Antiserum to GTF and antigen B inhibited sucrose-dependent cell-cell aggregation of the organism by approximately 50 per cent; none of the antisera tested had any effect upon dextran-mediated aggregation. In the presence of sucrose, GTF and GBP became cell associated while the distribution of antigens A and B between culture supernatant and cell surface remained unchanged. Cells incubated in the presence of Dextran 2000 showed no change in the distribution of any of these antigens. It is concluded that the aggregation of Strep. mutans induced by sucrose or by dextran involves different cellular components. Consideration of these in-vitro results in relation to data from experiments in which macaque monkeys were immunized with purified Strep. mutans antigens suggests that inhibition of sucrose-dependent adherence is not the basis for protection against dental caries. PMID- 6222727 TI - Degradation of the microbial and salivary components participating in human dental plaque formation by proteases elaborated by plaque bacteria. AB - Twenty-eight strains of facultative, Gram-positive, sporulating bacilli which produce caseinolytic enzymes were isolated from human early dental plaque. A major component of the extracellular caseinolytic enzymes elaborated by strong producers seemed to be neutral zinc proteases. The extracellular proteases inactivated glucosyltransferase of Streptococcus mutans and inhibited the synthesis of adherent glucans from sucrose. The enzymes also degraded the Strep. mutans cell-surface receptor for dextran and glucan, the receptor for salivary agglutinins, located on Streptococcus sanguis cells, and the surface component of Actinomyces viscosus cells involved in co-agglutination with Strep. sanguis cells. The enzymes hydrolysed human whole saliva proteins, which seemed to result in loss of the ability to agglutinate Strep. sanguis cells. PMID- 6222728 TI - Fluctuating dental asymmetry in Down's syndrome. PMID- 6222729 TI - Lupus band and organized finger-print deposits. PMID- 6222730 TI - Alteration of sarcoplasmic reticulum after denervation of chicken pectoralis muscle. AB - To determine the neural influence on the function of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) of fast-twitch skeletal muscle, the superior pectoralis muscle of adult chicken was denervated, and the SR was isolated at 20 days post-denervation. The isolated SR was probably derived from the longitudinal SR and was relatively free of contaminants. The protein profile of the SR was quantitatively changed after denervation with an increase in the M55 and 30000-mol.wt. proteins relative to the Ca2+-ATPase. Ca2+-dependent ATPase activity and phosphoenzyme formation were lower in the denervated-muscle SR; however, the enzyme catalytic-centre activity was similar to the control value. The decrease in Ca2+-ATPase activity in denervated-muscle SR was accompanied by a lower Ca2+ accumulation so that the relationship between Ca2+ accumulation and Ca2+-dependent ATPase activity was well maintained in the SR from denervated muscle. The data imply that denervation may result in a diminution of functional Ca2+ pump sites. Evidence is presented, though, which suggests that denervation affects a single class of Ca2+-binding sites of the Ca2+-ATPase, resulting in a lower affinity for Ca2+. PMID- 6222731 TI - Oxidative phosphorylation in Escherichia coli. Characterization of mutant strains in which F1-ATPase contains abnormal beta-subunits. AB - To facilitate study of the role of the beta-subunit in the membrane-bound proton translocating ATPase of Escherichia coli, we identified mutant strains from which an F1-ATPase containing abnormal beta-subunits can be purified. Seventeen strains of E. coli, characterized by genetic complementation tests as carrying mutations in the uncD gene (which codes for the beta-subunit), were studied. The majority of these strains (11) were judged to be not useful, as their membranes lacked ATPase activity, and were either proton-permeable as prepared or remained proton impermeable after washing with buffer of low ionic strength. A further two strains were of a type not hitherto reported, in that their membranes had ATPase activity, were proton-impermeable as prepared, and were not rendered proton permeable by washing in buffer of low ionic strength. Presumably in these two strains F1-ATPase is not released in soluble form by this procedure. F1-ATPase of normal molecular size were purified from strains AN1340 (uncD478), AN937 (uncD430), AN938 (uncD431) and AN1543 (uncD484). F1-ATPase from strain AN1340 (uncD478) had 15% of normal specific Mg-dependent ATPase activity and 22% of normal ATP-synthesis activity. The F1-ATPase preparations from strains AN937, AN938 and AN1543 had respectively 1.7%, 1.8% and 0.2% of normal specific Mg dependent ATPase activity, and each of these preparations had very low ATP synthesis activity. The yield of F1-ATPase from the four strains described was almost twice that obtained from a normal haploid strain. The kinetics of Ca dependent ATPase activity were unusual in each of the four F1-ATPase preparations. It is likely that these four mutant uncD F1-ATPase preparations will prove valuable for further experimental study of the F1-ATPase catalytic mechanism. PMID- 6222732 TI - Some properties of the Ca2+-stimulated ATPase of a rat liver microsomal fraction. AB - 1. The heavy microsomal fraction from rat liver apparently has very little Ca2+ stimulated ATPase activity, although it has an active, ATP-driven Ca2+ accumulation system. 2. The addition of ionophore A23187 to the ATPase assay, to allow continuous Ca2+ recycling during the assay time, reveals the presence of a substantial Ca2+-stimulated ATPase with Vmax. 160 nmol of Pi/10 min per mg of protein and Km for Ca2+ 0.19 microM. 3. The Ca2+-stimulated ATPase, but not the basal Mg2+-stimulated ATPase, is potently inhibited by orthovanadate. Both the Ca2+-stimulated ATPase and the vanadate inhibition are enhanced by the presence of Mg2+. 4. Ca2+-stimulated ATPase activity is not responsive to calmodulin or the calmodulin antagonist trifluoperazine. PMID- 6222734 TI - Rat pancreas actin: purification and characterization. AB - Isolation of rat pancreas actin was performed with three different technics: polymerization-depolymerization method, affinity chromatography on DNase I Sepharose 4B or ion exchange chromatography on DEAE-cellulose. Inhibition of DNase I activity, localization by SDS polyacrylamide slab gel electrophoresis and presence of microfilaments allowed its identification. Affinity process led us to obtain actin which kept inhibitory activity (30,000 U per mg) on DNase I when using vacuum dialysis. Actin eluted from DEAE-cellulose associated reversibly in 50-70 A microfilaments in the presence of phalloidin, was pure at 95% and had a satisfactory inhibitor activity (77,000 U per mg). PMID- 6222735 TI - Ligand-induced variations in subunit associations in bovine heart F1 ATPase. AB - Bovine heart soluble F1 ATPase shows ligand dependent changes in subunit accessibility to the protein labelling reagents acetic anhydride and diazonium benzenesulphonic acid. These correlate with changes in the ATPase activity of the enzyme induced by the same ligands. In particular, NAD+ and NADH show concentration dependent effects, the effect of the reduced nucleotide being opposite to that of the oxidised form. PMID- 6222733 TI - Enzymic assay of C3b receptor on intact cells and solubilized cells. AB - The C3b receptor of human erythrocytes is known to act as a cofactor for the cleavage of the complement protein C3b by the serine proteinase C3b/C4b Ina. The same cofactor activity is shown to be present on human tonsil B-lymphocytes. The cofactor activity of the C3b receptor can be assayed, on intact cells or in solubilized extracts of cells, by determining the rate of C3b cleavage in the presence of fixed concentrations of C3b and of C3b/C4b Ina. This assay method was used to compare the characteristics and relative quantities of C3b receptors on erythrocytes and lymphocytes. The cofactor activities associated with these two cell types resemble each other, but are distinct from the serum cofactor proteins, C4bp and Factor H, in antigenicity and in pH- and ionic-strength dependence, and are distinct from Factor H in substrate specificity. Assay of cofactor activity in intact cells indicates that there are about 80-fold more receptors per cell on the lymphocyte surface than on erythrocytes. Assays with cells made permeable by detergent show that, whereas essentially all of the receptors on erythrocytes are on the cell surface, B-lymphocytes contain a large internal receptor pool, which makes up more than 80% of the total cofactor activity of the cell. PMID- 6222736 TI - Reserpine as an uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation and the relevance to its psychoactive properties. AB - Many drugs differing widely in chemical structure uncouple mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation in vitro. This observation has led to the hypothesis that in vivo uncoupling is the basis of their pharmacological activity. Serpasil, a parenteral preparation of reserpine, recently has been shown to uncouple oxidative phosphorylation in vervet monkey kidney mitochondria. Although the drug exhibits some properties of a "classical" uncoupler, our studies show that it has a dual effect on energy conservation. Reserpine released respiratory control in rat liver mitochondria only when dissolved in organic solvents (as in Serpasil) or when deprotonated. Reserpine also released the oligomycin-induced respiratory control in beef heart submitochondrial particles, and inhibited energized uptake of Ca2- by rat liver mitochondria. Reserpine had a dual effect on mitochondrial ATPase: It (a) enhanced ATP hydrolysis by intact liver mitochondria, and (b) inhibited ATP hydrolysis by submitochondrial particles of beef heart. On a molar basis, reserpine was less effective than carbonyl cyanide 3-chlorophenylhydrazone in all bioenergetic reactions examined. Homogenates and mitochondria isolated from brain and liver of rats stuporous from intraperitoneally injections of Serpasil exhibited no detectable abnormalities in respiratory states and responded to known uncouplers in the expected manner. There was no evidence of in vivo uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation as a basis of the pharmacological activity of reserpine, although interference with energy transfer may be involved in toxic manifestations of the drug. The results indicate the need for caution in interpreting the action of drugs formulated in complex pharmaceutical preparations and based solely on in vitro experiments. PMID- 6222737 TI - Roles of thymidylate synthetase activity in herpes simplex virus-infected HeLa cells. AB - Thymidylate synthetase was not essential for herpes simplex virus replication. However, it appeared to contribute to the formation of a portion of thymidine nucleotides for DNA synthesis in virus-infected cells. Therefore, it is possible that the enzyme plays an important role in determining the potency of several selective antiviral thymidine analogs. Since synergistic effects of 5-fluoro-2' deoxyuridine with other analogs on virus reproduction were observed, it is suggested that the effects of these analogs depend to a certain degree on the abilities of the monophosphate derivatives to inhibit thymidylate synthetase. PMID- 6222738 TI - Structure-activity relationship of new steroidal aldosterone antagonists. Comparison of the affinity for mineralocorticoid receptors in vitro and the antialdosterone activity in vivo. AB - The ability of 18 steroids with structures similar to spironolactone, progesterone or aldosterone to compete with [3H]aldosterone for binding at rat renal cytosol receptors in vitro and the antialdosterone activity in vivo were tested in comparison with spironolactone. The affinity of these compounds for mineralocorticoid receptors was then compared with their pharmacological action in rats. Replacement of the 17-spirolactone ring by a 17 alpha-hydroxypropyl group and a 17 beta-hydroxyl group resulted in a loss of affinity for the [3H]aldosterone binding sites but not in a reduction in antialdosterone activity in vivo. Compared to spironolactone, C6/C7 unsaturated compounds showed a reduced activity both in vitro and in vivo. Substitution of the 7 alpha-thioacetyl group of spironolactone by a 6,7-methylene group in the beta position (prorenone) increased the affinity to the receptor as well as the biological activity by 52 and 41%, respectively. Introduction of a methyl-group at the D-ring of spironolactone resulted in similar significant drops in activity both in vitro and in vivo. The progesterone like steroids were weak competitors for aldosterone in vitro and in vivo. Two of three aldosterone like steroids (18 deoxyaldosterones) still exhibit mineralocorticoid activity and one analogue could be classified as a weak aldosterone antagonist. The studies show in general that the comparison of the affinity for mineralocorticoid receptor sites with the antimineralocorticoid activity in vivo is a valuable procedure in the search for new antimineralocorticoid substances. PMID- 6222740 TI - ASHA: dedication address by the Secretary of Education The Honorable Terrel H. Bell. PMID- 6222741 TI - Computers revolutionize aids for nonspeakers. PMID- 6222739 TI - Binding of progestins to the glucocorticoid receptor. Correlation to their glucocorticoid-like effects on in vitro functions of human mononuclear leukocytes. AB - A number of physiological and synthetic progestins were tested for their ability to compete with [3H]dexamethasone for the binding to the glucocorticoid receptor of human mononuclear leukocytes and their ability to elicit glucocorticoid-like effects on the same cells. As compared to the reference compound dexamethasone (relative receptor binding affinity defined as 100%), two potent synthetic progestins with a pregnane-type structure, megestrol acetate and medroxyprogesterone acetate, were found to display a considerable binding affinity towards the receptor (46 and 42%, respectively). The relative binding affinity of the naturally occurring ligand, cortisol, to the receptor was clearly lower (25%). The effective binding of medroxyprogesterone acetate to the glucocorticoid receptor was confirmed by direct binding studies utilizing a tritiated derivative of this steroid. No evidence for the existence of a specific progesterone receptor in human mononuclear leukocytes was obtained as judged by the results of competition experiments where a progesterone receptor-specific ligand [3H]Org 2058 was used. Medroxyprogesterone acetate and megestrol acetate also induced glucocorticoid-like effects on the lymphocyte functions. These included inhibition of the proliferative responses to the T-cell mitogens concanavalin A and phytohaemagglutinin and an enhanced accumulation of immunoglobulin secreting cells in pokeweed mitogen-stimulated cultures. The progestin effect appears to be mediated through a radiosensitive (suppressor) subpopulation of T lymphocytes. In contrast, the synthetic progestins related structurally to 19-nortestosterone, norethisterone and d-norgestrel, were virtually devoid of binding affinity towards the glucocorticoid receptor nor did they measurably influence the in vitro lymphocyte functions. These studies demonstrate that certain progestins in common clinical use probably possess inherent glucocorticoid activity and suggest that side effects attributable to this character (e.g. suppression of the pituitary-adrenal axis) might be expected when these compounds are used in pharmacological doses. PMID- 6222742 TI - Position statement on nonspeech communication. PMID- 6222743 TI - Assistive listening devices... Part III: SPACE. PMID- 6222745 TI - [Pediatric electrocardiography. Right ventricular hypertrophy]. PMID- 6222744 TI - [Pediatric electrocardiography (left ventricular hypertrophy)]. PMID- 6222746 TI - [Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty]. PMID- 6222747 TI - [Percutaneous intravascular balloon dilatation of the renal arteries as a method of treating renovascular hypertension]. PMID- 6222748 TI - [Diagnostic value of electrocardiographic criteria of left ventricular hypertrophy in hypertension in a population study]. AB - The correlation between the diagnosis by the criteria of the Minnesota code and the known indices of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) (RAVL greater than or equal to 7 mm, Rv5,6 + Sv1,2 greater than greater than 35 mm, Rv6 greater than Rv4 Sv2 greater than 24 mm) in 12 standard leads and the roentgenocardiometric data has been analyzed. 156 males (35-54 years of age) and 175 females (30-52 years of age) suffering from first and second stage of essential hypertension as well as 60 male and 30 female controls from the staff population of the Likhachev Plant have been studied. The study has shown that sensitivity of the above ECG criteria for LVH, diagnosed by roentgenocardiometry, is higher in males than in females, their specificity being higher in females. The correlation ratio of ECG criteria with established LVH is 0.18 for males, and 0.26 for females. In the first stage of essential hypertension no correlation between ECG criteria for LVH and roentgenocardiometric data were observed. The second stage of essential hypertension was characterized by negative correlation between ECG criteria for LVH and roentgenocardiometric data. PMID- 6222749 TI - [Indices of left ventricular hypertrophy based on data from the automatic mapping of 35 ECG leads]. AB - The potential of the method of 35 ECG leads' automatic mapping in the diagnosis of left ventricular hypertrophy was assessed for the first time. A number of mapping indices closely correlating with the myocardial mass and the thickness of the left ventricular wall were found while studying 35 ECG leads' maps followed by computer processing, in 28 hypertensive patients and 6 normal subjects the hypertrophy degree of the left ventricle being determined by echocardiography and X-rays. The index of the total maximum of the R-waves among 7 vertical columns (7.3 +/- 2.0 cm) proved to be simultaneously highly specific (88.9%), sensitive (84%) and accurate (85.3%) to diagnose even a moderate degree of left ventricular hypertrophy (with the left ventricular mass of 150-200 g as evaluated by echocardiography). PMID- 6222750 TI - Transcatheter occlusion of a Blalock-Taussig shunt with a detachable balloon in a child. AB - A case of transcatheter occlusion of a Blalock-Taussig shunt with a detachable silicone filled balloon is described. This 11 year old boy had previously had a repair of tetralogy of Fallot together with ligation of a large Blalock-Taussig shunt. Though there was a good surgical result, the shunt proved to be incompletely closed leaving a significant left to right shunt. As an alternative to a further operation a silicone filled balloon was detached in the Blalock Taussig shunt and this successfully closed the fistula. PMID- 6222751 TI - Early diagnosis of infantile seborrhoeic dermatitis and atopic dermatitis- clinical features. AB - In a prospective study of thirty-seven infants presenting with dermatitis in infancy it was found that pruritus, a positive family history of atopy, and the age of onset of skin lesions were of little value in distinguishing atopic dermatitis from infantile seborrhoeic dermatitis. The most useful distinguishing features were the increased incidence of lesions on the forearms and shins in atopic dermatitis, and in the axillae in infantile seborrhoeic dermatitis. The onset of skin lesions solely in the napkin area favoured a diagnosis of infantile seborrhoeic dermatitis, but when more than one site was involved the distinction was less clear. Infantile seborrhoeic dermatitis carried a much better prognosis than atopic dermatitis. In thirty-six out of thirty-seven infants the definitive diagnosis could be made with confidence on clinical grounds by the age of I year, but was often difficult at first presentation in early infancy. PMID- 6222752 TI - Early diagnosis of infantile seborrhoeic dermatitis and atopic dermatitis--total and specific IgE levels. AB - Total and antigen-specific IgE levels using the radioallergosorbent test (RAST) were measured in a prospective study of thirty-seven infants with dermatitis of early infancy, with the aim of distinguishing between atopic and infantile seborrhoeic dermatitis at an earlier age than is usually possible on clinical grounds. The results were correlated with the clinical diagnoses made after 1-2 years close follow-up. They showed that a RAST screen to egg white and to milk antibodies, and to a lesser extent total IgE levels, are of value in diagnosing atopic dermatitis at an early age and distinguishing this from infantile seborrhoeic dermatitis. PMID- 6222753 TI - The relapse rate for rosacea after treatment with either oral tetracycline or metronidazole cream. PMID- 6222754 TI - Isotretinoin (13cis-retinoic acid) and serum lipids. PMID- 6222755 TI - Beneficial effect of 15% azelaic acid cream on acne vulgaris. AB - Patients treated with azelaic acid (15%) cream for chloasma reported simultaneous improvement of acne lesions within the treated areas. This prompted an open study of its effect in cases of acne without chloasma. One hundred patients with acne vulgaris were treated for 3-9 months by twice-daily application of the cream with significant improvement in every case. PMID- 6222756 TI - A double-blind study of I% metronidazole cream versus systemic oxytetracycline therapy for rosacea. AB - In a randomized double-blind trial fifty-one patients with rosacea were treated for 2 months with either I% metronidazole cream and placebo tablets or with 250 mg oxytetracycline tablets taken twice daily, and placebo cream (the cream base). The patients were assessed before and at the end of the trial, using the following criteria: (1) overall clinical assessment, (2) lesion counts, (3) degree of erythema, (4) independent photographic evaluation, (5) patients' opinion. An improvement was shown in 90% of the patients of both groups, and there was no significant difference between the two treatments. PMID- 6222757 TI - Focal acral hyperkeratosis. AB - We report fifteen cases showing focal acral hyperkeratosis. They were clinically identical to acrokeratoelastoidosis (AKE) but lacked the elastorrhexis which is a feature of AKE. The name focal acral hyperkeratosis is proposed for this condition which differs histologically from AKE. PMID- 6222758 TI - Evidence for anti-inflammatory activities of oral synthetic retinoids: experimental findings and clinical experience. AB - Oral retinoids obviously influence dermal components such as cutaneous capillaries and dermal inflammatory cells in addition to their well-known action on keratinizing epithelia. On this basis, they act as an anti-inflammatory drug. In particular, they reduce the elevated skin temperature, inhibit the motility of neutrophils and eosinophils and their migration into the epidermis, decrease DNA synthesis of human lymphocytes by blocking their response to lectins and stimulate Langerhans cells, monocytes and macrophages in various in vitro and in vivo models. These data indicate that oral retinoids may not only normalize disorders of keratinization but also exert distinct therapeutic effects on various skin diseases with dermal inflammatory involvement regardless of their particular aetiology. In some respects, retinoids resemble corticosteroids, acting as a modified hormone. Preliminary clinical experiences with oral retinoid treatment in skin diseases such as cutaneous disseminated LE, bullous pemphigoid, Duhring's disease, pemphigus, Behcet's disease and necrotizing vasculitis with eosinophilia support these data. Monotherapy or combined administration of oral retinoids with corticosteroids in low doses seems therapeutically beneficial in these disorders. PMID- 6222759 TI - The effects of a dietary excess of leucine on the synthesis of nicotinamide nucleotides in the rat. PMID- 6222760 TI - Calcium sensitivity of vertebrate skeletal muscle myosin. AB - The calcium sensitivity of vertebrate skeletal muscle myosin has been investigated. Adenosinetriphosphatase (ATPase) activity was assayed in a reconstituted system composed of either purified rabbit myosin plus actin or myosin plus actin, tropomyosin, and troponin. The calcium sensitivity of actomyosin Mg-ATPase activity was found to be directly affected by the ionic strength of the assay medium. Actomyosin assayed at approximately physiological ionic strength (120 mM KCl) demonstrated calcium sensitivity which varied between 6 and 52%, depending on the myosin preparation and the age of the myosin. Mg ATPase activity was increased when calcium was present in the assay medium at physiological ionic strength. Conversely, actomyosin Mg-ATPase activity assayed at a lower ionic strength (15 mM KCl) was inhibited by addition of calcium. Addition of tropomyosin and troponin to the assay increased the calcium sensitivity of the system at the physiological ionic strength still further (up to 99% calcium sensitivity) and conferred calcium sensitivity on the system at the lower ionic strength (greater than 90% calcium sensitivity). A correlation also existed between myosin's calcium sensitivity and the phosphorylated state of light chain 2. PMID- 6222761 TI - Evolutionary aspects of accuracy of phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase. A comparative study with enzymes from Escherichia coli, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Neurospora crassa, and turkey liver using phenylalanine analogues. AB - The phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetases from Escherichia coli, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Neurospora crassa, and turkey liver activate a number of phenylalanine analogues (tyrosine, leucine, methionine, p-fluorophenylalanine, beta-phenylserine, beta-thien-2-ylalanine, 2-amino-4-methylhex-4-enoic acid, mimosine, N-benzyl-L- or N-benzyl-D-phenylalanine, and ochratoxin A), as demonstrated by Km and kcat of the ATP/PPi pyrophosphate exchange. Upon complexation with tRNA, the enzyme-tRNAPhe complexes show a significantly increased initial discrimination of these amino acid analogues expressed in higher Km and lower kcat values, as determined by amino-acylation of tRNAPhe-C-C A(3'NH2). The overall accuracy is further enhanced by a second discrimination, a proofreading step. The strategies employed by the enzymes with respect to accuracy differ. Better initial discrimination in the aminoacylation and less elaborated proofreading for the E. coli enzyme can be compared to a more efficient proofreading by other synthetases. In this way the comparatively poor initial amino acid recognition in the case of the S. cerevisiae and N. crassa enzymes is balanced. The extent of initial discrimination is therefore inversely coupled to the hydrolytic capacity of the proofreading. A striking difference can be noted for the proofreading mechanisms. Whereas the enzymes from E. coli, S. cerevisiae, and N. crassa follow the pathway of posttransfer proofreading, namely, enzymatic hydrolysis of the misaminoacylated tRNA, the turkey liver enzyme uses tRNA-dependent pretransfer proofreading in the case of natural amino acids. In spite of the same subunit structure and similar molecular weight, the phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetases from a prokaryotic and lower and higher eukaryotic organisms show obvious mechanistic differences in their strategy to achieve the necessary fidelity. PMID- 6222762 TI - Chromomycin, mithramycin, and olivomycin binding sites on heterogeneous deoxyribonucleic acid. Footprinting with (methidiumpropyl-EDTA)iron(II). AB - The DNA binding sites for the antitumor, antiviral, antibiotics chromomycin, mithramycin, and olivomycin on 70 base pairs of heterogeneous DNA have been determined by using the (methidiumpropyl-EDTA)iron(II) [MPE x Fe(II)] DNA cleavage inhibition pattern technique. Two DNA restriction fragments 117 and 168 base pairs in length containing the lactose operon promoter-operator region were prepared with complementary strands labeled with 32P at the 3' end. MPE x Fe(II) was allowed to partially cleave the restriction fragment preequilibrated with either chromomycin, mithramycin, or olivomycin in the presence of Mg2+. The preferred binding sites for chromomycin, mithramycin, and olivomycin in the presence of Mg2+ appear to be a minimum of 3 base pairs in size containing at least 2 contiguous dG x dC base pairs. Many binding sites are similar for the three antibiotics; chromomycin and olivomycin binding sites are nearly identical. The number of sites protected from MPE x Fe(II) cleavage increases as the concentration of drug is raised. For chromomycin/Mg2+, the preferred sites on the 70 base pairs of DNA examined are (in decreasing affinity) 3'-GGG, CGA greater than CCG, GCC greater than CGA, CCT greater than CTG-5'. The sequence 3'-CGA-5' has different affinities, indicating the importance of either flanking sequences or a nearly bound drug. PMID- 6222763 TI - Location of plasminogen-binding sites in human fibrin(ogen). AB - Affinity chromatography of various fibrinogen and fibrin fragments on Lys plasminogen-Sepharose was used to localize the plasminogen-binding sites in human fibrin(ogen). The fragments studied in the present investigation were derived from the central (E) and the terminal (D) globular domains of fibrinogen and fibrin. Our results showed that these two different, sequentially nonidentical domains of fibrin(ogen) both carry plasminogen-binding sites. Competitive affinity chromatography of fragment D1 and fragments derived from it by proteolytic modification of its D gamma-chain revealed that this modification causes an 11-fold increase of the association constant of the interaction with Lys-plasminogen-Sepharose. This suggests that the carboxy-terminal region of the D gamma-chain is involved in controlling the plasminogen-binding site of the D domain. In contrast with its fragments, intact fibrinogen is not retained by Lys plasminogen-Sepharose, indicating that the plasminogen-binding sites present in the constituent E and D domains are not fully functional in the parent molecule. It seems possible that the plasminogen-binding sites are present but hidden in fibrinogen and proteolytic dissection of the molecule uncovers these sites in E and D fragments by removing peptides masking the plasminogen-binding regions. PMID- 6222764 TI - Identification and purification of calcium ion dependent modulators of actin polymerization from bovine thyroid. AB - We describe the purification of Ca2+-dependent actin modulator proteins from bovine thyroid using DNase I affinity chromatography and diethylaminoethylcellulose chromatography. The 40K actin modulator has been purified to 98% homogeneity. It is a single polypeptide chain with a molecular weight of approximately 40 000 and an isoelectric point of 8.1. Its amino acid composition is different from previously described actin-associated proteins and thyroid actin. On the basis of the centrifugation assay and the DNase I inhibition assay, the actin complexed with the 40K protein is G-actin in its conformation rather than F-actin oligomers. Substoichiometric concentrations of the 40K protein rapidly inhibit actin polymerization in the presence of physiological concentrations of Ca2+ and Mg2+. An 80K actin modulator also has been purified to 98% homogeneity. It is a single polypeptide chain with a molecular weight of approximately 80 000 and an isoelectric point of 6.35-7.0. Its amino acid composition is different from those of villin, gelsolin, and leukocyte actin polymerization inhibitor. On the basis of the DNase inhibition assay and the centrifugation assay, the nonprecipitable actin associated with the 80K protein was F-actin in its conformation. The 80K protein acts very efficiently as a Ca2+-dependent nucleator for actin assembly and reduces its viscosity. In addition to the 40K and 80K actin modulators, 91K and 95K actin associated proteins were partially purified. The 91K-95K fraction has similar activity to the 80K protein regarding precipitation of F-actin. The 125I-G-actin polyacrylamide gel overlay technique [Snabes, M. C., Boyd, A.E., & Bryan, J. (1981) J. Cell Biol. 90, 809-812] revealed that both the 91K and 95K proteins bind 125I-actin after sodium dodecyl sulfate (NaDodSO4) electrophoresis while the 80K and 40K proteins do not. Thyroid 91K protein comigrated with a human platelet 91K actin binding protein on NaDodSO4 gels and may be similar to macrophage gelsolin. The 95K protein may be similar to villin, the intestinal cytoskeletal protein. PMID- 6222765 TI - Kinetic characterization of detergent-solubilized sarcoplasmic reticulum adenosinetriphosphatase. PMID- 6222766 TI - Spectroscopic studies on Neurospora copper metallothionein. AB - The spectral properties of Neurospora copper metallothionein were investigated and compared with those of the Cu(I)-2-mercaptoethanesulfonic acid complex. In both cases, the absorption spectra are rather similar, showing a characteristic shoulder at approximately 250 nm. However, marked differences were observed in their emissive properties. Thus, only metallothionein emits detectable luminescence in solution, but both the copper protein and the Cu(I) complex are luminescent at 77 K. The circular dichroism spectrum of Neurospora copper metallothionein shows several Cotton extrema attributable to asymmetry in metal coordination. The influence of HgCl2 and p-(chloromercuri)benzoate on the spectral properties of metallothionein was also investigated. The two mercurials exerted a pronounced effect on the electronic absorption, chiroptical, and emissive properties of the protein. Spectroscopic titrations followed by gel filtration experiments indicate that two mercurials can be bound per metallothionein molecule without loss of copper. This binding is responsible for the disappearance of the emissive properties of metallothionein and for the distinct changes in its electronic absorption and circular dichroism spectra. From these data, it is suggested that the Cu(I) ions are coordinated to the cysteinyl residues in the form of a single metal cluster. PMID- 6222767 TI - Active unit of solubilized sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium adenosinetriphosphatase: an active enzyme centrifugation analysis. AB - Sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium adenosinetriphosphatase (Ca2+-ATPase) was solubilized to monomeric form with the nonionic detergent n-dodecyl octaethylene glycol monoether (C12E8). Equilibrium ultracentrifugation analysis indicated that this preparation is initially greater than 75% monomer, the remainder being best described as a tetramer. In the presence of substrates, this preparation has ATPase activity comparable to that of leaky sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles. The possibility of substrate-induced oligomerization of the monomer under ATPase activity assay conditions was tested. Active enzyme centrifugation analysis demonstrated that ATPase activity sedimented with a rate which can only be attributed to a monomeric particle. The sedimentation rate was invariant over a 6 fold concentration range comparable to that used in activity assays. The portion of the protein that sediments as an oligomer when measurements are based on the movement of protein (A280) is not seen when measurements are based on the movement of activity. The data demonstrate that the monomer represents the minimal ATPase active unit of Ca2+-ATPase. PMID- 6222768 TI - Nuclease digestibility of chromatin is affected by nuclei isolation procedures. AB - Experiments using nucleases as probes of chromatin structure take place in two stages: (1) nuclei isolation, and (2) nuclease digestion. The parameters of the nuclease digestion stage are usually strictly controlled because of nuclease sensitivity to them. However, there have been no reports on whether parameters in the nuclei isolation stage affect the subsequent nuclease digestions. We have evaluated a typical nuclei isolation technique with respect to how changes in the isolation parameters affect nuclease digestion kinetics. Our observations point out that various parameters encountered in the nuclei isolation stage have a significant effect on the subsequent nuclease digestion kinetics of DNAase I. These parameters include the concentration of cells, divalent cations and phosphatase inhibitors. The pH, concentration of NaCl and concentration of detergent had little effect. Micrococcal nuclease was relatively unaffected by changes in the nuclei isolation parameters. The importance of this report lies in the demonstration that lack of control of seemingly insignificant parameters, such as cell concentration during the nuclei isolation stage, leads to subsequent irreproducible results in the DNAase I digestion. These findings indicate that great care must be exercised in the nuclei isolation stage if reproducible work is to be performed with DNAase I. PMID- 6222769 TI - Hemostatic properties and serum lipoprotein binding of a heparan sulfate proteoglycan from bovine aorta. AB - The biologic properties of two major proteoglycans of bovine aorta, heparan sulfate proteoglycan and chondroitin sulfate-dermatan sulfate proteoglycan were compared. The heparan sulfate proteoglycan was isolated either by elastase digestion or by 4.0 M guanidine hydrochloride extraction, of aorta tissue, fractionated by CsCl isopycnic centrifugation and purified by chondroitinase ABC treatment. The first method resulted in considerably greater yield (about 70% of the total heparan sulfate proteoglycan of the tissue) than the second procedure (12% of total). The chondroitin sulfate-dermatan sulfate proteoglycan was obtained by 4.0 M guanidine-HCl extraction of aorta tissue followed by CsCl isopycnic centrifugation. The chemical composition of both heparan sulfate proteoglycan preparations was similar. Unlike the chondroitin sulfate-dermatan sulfate proteoglycan, which eluted in the void volume of Sepharose CL-6B column, the heparan sulfate proteoglycan preparations were each resolved into a high molecular weight fraction (kav = 0.18 and 0.13) and a low molecular weight fraction (kav = 0.47 and 0.36). The heparan sulfate proteoglycan preparations exhibited significantly more potent anticoagulant and platelet aggregation inhibitory activities than the chondroitin sulfate-dermatan sulfate proteoglycan. The protein core of the proteoglycan molecules did not seem to be essential for their hemostatic properties. The complex forming ability of the heparan sulfate proteoglycan with serum low density lipoproteins (LDL) was much less than that of chondroitin sulfate-dermatan sulfate proteoglycan in the presence and absence of Ca2+. Interaction between heparan sulfate proteoglycan and LDL was also much more sensitive to changes in the ionic strength of the medium than that of chondroitin sulfate-dermatan sulfate proteoglycan and the lipoprotein. Since the total sulfate content of both proteoglycans is almost similar, the smaller molecular size and hence the lower overall charge density of the heparan sulfate proteoglycan appears to be partly responsible for its low affinity for LDL. The differences in biologic properties of the two proteoglycans might have implications in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular diseases. PMID- 6222771 TI - Cortisol, estradiol, and androgens in acutely ill paranoid schizophrenics. PMID- 6222770 TI - Skeletal muscle fatty acid oxidation during early postnatal development in the rat. AB - (1-14C)-palmitate oxidation in rat skeletal muscle homogenates increased only minimally from birth until 15 days of age and then increased more than five times between 15 days and adulthood. In contrast, liver oxidation of palmitate reached adult levels by 4 days of age. Although muscle carnitine concentration, carnitine palmityl transferase activity, and total muscle protein increased during the neonatal period, these changes did not completely parallel the rise in muscle palmitate oxidation. Palmityl-CoA synthetase and palmityl-CoA dehydrogenase activities also did not parallel the rise in overall palmitate oxidation. PMID- 6222772 TI - Electron microscope investigation of soft tissue ingrowth into Dacron velour with dogs. AB - Electron microscopic and light microscopic analyses were performed on Dacron velour covered percutaneous devices implanted in the dorsum of canines for periods between 1 week and 9 months. The results indicated that although the capsular region around the implant was mature collagen after the 1st week of implantation, the tissue ingrowth region remained mostly immature collagen through 9 months of implantation. It appears that increasing the diameter of the fibres, which would decrease the chronic inflammatory response, and increasing the average distance between fibres should increase the amount of mature collagen between the velour fibres. In view of species differences between canines and humans, further investigations are needed before the relevancy of these findings can be extended to possible clinical applications with humans. PMID- 6222775 TI - Reconstruction of the anterior abdominal wall above the umbilicus using a tensor fasciae latae myocutaneous island flap. AB - The pedicled tensor fasciae latae myocutaneous flap is a well-recognised and reliable method of reconstruction of full-thickness defects of the lower abdominal wall and groin. Its superior reach can be extended above the level of the umbilicus by the simple manoeuvre of flexing the hip. PMID- 6222773 TI - Organization of calcium pump protein dimers in the isolated sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane. AB - The arrangement of the calcium pump protein in the isolated sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) membrane was examined by optical diffraction of freeze-fracture electron micrographs. Several states of protein particle organization were observed: random, hexagonal and tetragonal packing, and a mixture of hexagonal and tetragonal packing. This suggests that the time-averaged positions of protein particles in the plane of the SR membrane are weakly defined. In addition, there appears to be a greater degree of local or short-range order compared to long range order within the field of freeze-fracture particles. We utilized measurements from tetragonally or hexagonally packed arrays to determine a unit cell area occupied by each freeze-fracture particle and its associated lipid matrix. When these unit cell areas and the stereologically determined area per freeze-fracture particle were compared to the cross-sectional area occupied by a single calcium pump protein and its associated lipid, obtained by x-ray and neutron diffraction methods, we concluded that each freeze-fracture particle probably represents a dimer of pump protein molecules in the plane of the SR membrane. PMID- 6222776 TI - An interesting bone scan in multiple myeloma--? Myeloma superscan. PMID- 6222774 TI - Evaluation of the circulating and splenic lymphocyte subpopulations in patients with non-Hodgkin lymphomas and Hodgkin's disease using monoclonal antibodies. AB - The number of B lymphocytes, T lymphocytes and their helper/inducer, cytotoxic/suppressor and NK/K subpopulations was measured in peripheral blood and spleen cell suspensions from patients with Hodgkin's disease (HD) in the active stage of the disease and in remission status, as well as in Non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL) in active stage of the disease. B lymphocytes were determined by direct immunofluorescence and T lymphocytes with the E rosette technique. Helper/inducer, cytotoxic/suppressor, and NK/K T lymphocytes were determined by indirect immunofluorescence with the monoclonal antibodies OKT4, OKT8 and Leu 7 (HNK1). In the same way, Lyt3 was used for determination of the total T lymphocytes. Whereas in peripheral blood of the NHL group an increase of B lymphocytes and a slight reduction of T lymphocytes could be observed, with normal distribution of the subpopulations, in patients with active HD as well as in those in remission, a marked absolute and relative decrease of T helper/inducer cells was found with normal cytotoxic/suppressor and NK/K proportion. In contrast to this, a significant increase of helper/inducer T lymphocytes with decreased cytotoxic/suppressor T proportion was found in spleen cell suspensions of patients with HD. PMID- 6222777 TI - Hypertension due to fibromuscular disease in a solitary kidney: treatment by percutaneous transluminal angioplasty. PMID- 6222778 TI - Laparotomy in the investigation of patients with pyrexia of unknown origin. PMID- 6222779 TI - Bronchoconstriction in response to ipratropium bromide. PMID- 6222780 TI - Antidepressants. PMID- 6222781 TI - Immunological reason for chronic ill health after infectious mononucleosis. AB - In a group of patients who suffered from chronic ill health after an attack of acute infectious mononucleosis a disorder of T cell regulation was found. By means of cytochemical reactions the staining pattern associated with T suppressor cells was found in a greater percentage and that associated with T helper cells in a smaller percentage than in normal subjects. In a few patients this finding was confirmed in a functional suppressor assay. The patients were unwell for at least a year but most later made a complete recovery, which was associated with return to normal of the lymphocyte subsets. PMID- 6222782 TI - Confrontation naming impairment in dementia. AB - The effects of dementia etiology and severity on the confrontation naming ability of individuals with Alzheimer's, Huntington's, and Parkinson's diseases and multi infarct dementia are investigated. Although naming impairment is reported as a consequence of dementing illness, confrontation naming is not found to be significantly impaired in mildly involved patients. Further, although moderate Huntington's and Parkinson's patients made more naming errors than normals, only moderate Alzheimer's disease patients are found to be significantly different. Regardless of etiology, most misnamings are found to be semantically related or semantically and visually related to the stimulus. Results challenge the theory that misnamings of dementia patients result primarily from misperception. PMID- 6222783 TI - Serotoninergic mechanisms and sleep rebound. AB - The administration of p-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA), an inhibitor of serotonin (5 HT) biosynthesis, at the end of a 48 h sleep deprivation does not impair the subsequent rebound of deep slow wave sleep (SWS2) and paradoxical sleep (PS). On the contrary, the administration of PCPA during a 48 h sleep deprivation is followed by a great decrease of light slow wave sleep (SWS1) and by total disappearance of SWS2 while some rebound of PS still occurs in narcoleptic-like attacks. These experiments provide evidence that sleep inducing materials are accumulated during sleep deprivation. Serotoninergic processes appear to be involved in the regulatory mechanisms of the biosynthesis and the accumulation of SWS2 and PS factors. PMID- 6222784 TI - Back problems among dentists. PMID- 6222785 TI - Chemical sympathectomy and serotonin inhibition reduce monocrotaline-induced right ventricular hypertrophy in rats. AB - Young male rats were administered monocrotaline (40 mg/kg, s.c.) either after chemical sympathectomy with 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA, 100 mg/kg), after serotonin synthesis inhibition with p-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA, 500 mg/kg), or after saline injection. Monocrotaline rats exhibited a loss of body weight, marked right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH), increased pulmonary vascular muscularization, but no change in left ventricular weight or hematocrit at 20 days post-monocrotaline. Pretreatment with 6-OHDA or PCPA reduced the degree of RVH; however, neither 6-OHDA nor PCPA pretreatment prevented or reduced the pulmonary vascular muscularization associated with monocrotaline. Control, 6-OHDA , and PCPA-treated rats exhibited only changes in ventricular weights associated with changes in their body growth. Thus, the sympathetic nervous system and serotonergic mechanisms seem to be involved in the development of monocrotaline induced right ventricular hypertrophy, but are not responsible for the pulmonary vascular lesion. PMID- 6222786 TI - Safety of hepatitis B vaccine. PMID- 6222787 TI - Use of 13-cis-retinoic acid in cystic acne. PMID- 6222788 TI - Angiosarcoma of the superior vena cava. AB - The first reported case of an angiosarcoma apparently arising from the superior vena cava is presented. The patient, a 20-year-old white man, was treated by surgical excision and reconstruction with dacron grafts from the left and right brachiocephalic veins to the right atrium. This was followed by a course of mediastinal irradiation. The patient remained clinically disease-free at 24 months post-treatment. The patient had occasional occupational exposure to polyvinyl chloride. PMID- 6222789 TI - Cytotoxic activity of 5'-deoxy-5-fluorouridine in cultured human tumors. AB - The cytotoxic activity of 5'-deoxy-5-fluorouridine (5'-ddFUrd) was established in six cultured human tumor lines: 47-DN and MCF-7 breast carcinomas, MG-63 osteosarcoma, HCT-8 colon carcinoma, Colo-357 pancreatic carcinoma, and HL-60 promyelocytic leukemia. Cells were exposed to a wide range of 5'-dFUrd concentrations (from 0.1 microM to 1.0 mM) for 3, 6, or 24 hrs, and then cloned using standard in vitro clonogenic assays. 5'-dFUrd exhibited its best activity in the 47-DN and MCF-7 breast cell lines and in the MG-63 osteosarcoma line (3-hr LD50 values of 32, 34, and 38 microM, respectively). Less activity was observed in the HCT-8 colon (LD50 = 195 microM) and Colo-357 pancreatic (LD50 = 155 microM) tumor lines, and ver poor activity was noted in the HL-60 leukemia cell line (LD50 = 465 microM). The metabolism of 5'-dFUrd to 5-FU (FUra) and FUra nucleotides was determined and found to directly correlate with the potency of 5' FUrd in these cell lines. These results suggest that: (a) there is a marked variation in sensitivity of human cancer cells of different tissue origin to 5' dFUrd, (b) there is a direct relationship between the sensitivity of human cells to 5'-dFUrd and the ability of the cell to metabolize 5'-dFUrd to FUra, and (c) increasing exposure period of cells to 5'-dFUrd did not markedly alter 5'-dFUrd potency in all human cancer cells examined, with the exception of the 47-DN breast cancer cells. PMID- 6222790 TI - Suppressive effects of soluble histocompatibility antigens on the in vitro generation of cytotoxic T cells to D-end alloantigens. AB - Murine histocompatibility antigens were solubilized from the spleens and lungs of C57BL/6 (H-2b) animals with hypertonic salt (3 M KC1). Aggregate-free soluble antigens were incubated with nonadherent lymph node cells from BALB/c (H-2d) mice for 18 hr prior to their use as responder cells in the mixed-lymphocyte reaction (MLR). It was found that the generation of cytotoxic cells was suppressed while the proliferative response was not affected. The observed suppression was not due to a shift in the kinetics of the generation of cytotoxicity as determined throughout a 10-day culture period. The suppression was specific in that the response in MLR to unrelated H-2f stimulator cells and the subsequent generation of cytotoxic cells were unchanged. Using various H-2 recombinant strains as target cells in the assay of cell-mediated lympholysis, suppression of cytotoxicity was observed when the D end, but not the K end, was shared with the C57BL/6 strain from which the antigens were derived. PMID- 6222791 TI - Effect of low-molecular-weight lymphokine components on the Fc and C3b receptor mediated macrophage functions. AB - Rat lymphokine (LK) components of 500--2500 MW separated on Sephadex G-15 column (FrA) were tested for their effect on Fc and C3b receptor activities of rat resident (rPM) and thioglycollate-provoked (pPM) peritoneal macrophages. Functions of the receptors were studied by measuring the adherence and uptake of 51Cr-labeled sheep red blood cells (SRBC) mediated by isolated rat anti-SRBC IgM or IgG2a antibodies and human C3, respectively. On rPMs mainly Fc mu receptors (Fc mu Rs) were affected by FrA; at low concentration (20 micrograms/ml) adherence was increased and phagocytosis was inhibited. At higher concentrations (40-80 micrograms/ml) a reverse effect was observed: adherence was inhibited and phagocytosis increased. On pPMs IgG2a-mediated functions were mainly affected by FrA with a concentration dependence like that observed with Fc mu Rs on rPM monolayers. A concentration-dependent enhancement of C3b receptor (C3bR)-mediated adherence by FrA was observed on both PM types. On pPms C3bR-mediated phagocytosis was enhanced as well. PMID- 6222792 TI - Functional evaluation of murine allogeneic T lymphoblasts separated by Vicia villosa lectin positivity. AB - Mixed-lymphocyte culture-stimulated cells have been fractionated by their ability to bind the lectin Vicia villosa (Vv) and assessed for their cytolytic and suppressor activity in vitro. Vv positive and negative cells were separated either by cell affinity chromatography using Vv-Sepharose 6MB chromatography or by electronic cell sorting with FITC-Vv. Both populations expressed marked cytolytic and suppressor cell activity. Thus this lectin cannot be used to discriminate between these and other functional lymphoid cell population of blastoid cells binding the FITC-Vv appears following allogeneic stimulation; treatment with the immunosuppressive drug cyclosporin A, which affects cytotoxic cells preferentially, results in a considerable reduction of the Vv positive blastoid cells. PMID- 6222794 TI - [The beginnings of Czech microbiology]. PMID- 6222793 TI - Ia-restricted interaction between normal lymphoid cells and SJL lymphoma (RCS) leading to lymphokine production. I. Enhancement and suppression of antibody formation to TI antigens by supernatants and cells from cocultures of RCS and lymphoid cells. AB - Addition of gamma-irradiated reticulum cell sarcoma (RCS) cells causes suppression of the antibody response to trinitrophenyl (TNP)-keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH)-primed syngeneic SJL spleen cells to TNP-polyacrylamide (PAA) in vitro. The response of anti-brain antigen (BAT) + C-treated spleen cells is not suppressed by gamma-RCS, but is suppressed by cells from 48-hr SJL lymph node or thymus + gamma-RCS cultures. Addition of as few as 2.5 x 10(5) cultured (anti-I-A + C treated to remove gamma-RCS) cells causes significant inhibition of the responses of both syngeneic and allogeneic spleen cells. Treatment of gamma-RCS induced suppressor cells with anti-BAT + C reduces their suppressive activity. In contrast to the cells, supernatants (SN) from (lymph node (LN) + gamma-RCS) cultures greatly enhance, in an antigen-dependent fashion, the responses of untreated or anti-BAT + C-treated Sephadex G10-passed spleen cells to TNP-PAA. TNP-SIII polysaccharide, or TNP-Ficoll, but not as much to TNP-KLH. Addition of SN as late as Day 3 of culture still causes about half as much enhancement as leaving SN in throughout the culture period, but it has no effect if left with the spleen cells for only the first day of culture. SN contains high levels of IL 2 and IFN-gamma; absorption with cells from an IL-2-dependent cytotoxic T-cell line removes the enhancing activity, while treatment with pH 2 to remove the IFN gamma has no effect. SN from an IL-2-producing T-cell line (LBRM-33) has a similar effect on antibody production to TI antigens as does SN of (LN + gamma RCS). The results suggest a marked dependency of PFC responses to TI antigen on IL-2 in all strains examined, including SJL, LAF1, DBA/2Ha, and CBA/N, probably through a direct activation of B cells. The findings also suggest that suppressor T cells, induced by gamma-RCS in syngeneic lymphoid cells, absorb the IL-2 needed for responses to TI antigens in vitro. PMID- 6222795 TI - [Toxic properties of Proteus morganii]. PMID- 6222796 TI - [Isolation of tick-borne encephalitis viruses and uukuniemi viruses from ticks in Prague parks]. PMID- 6222797 TI - [New results of a study of the disinfecting effects of activated formaldehyde vapor and Persteril]. PMID- 6222798 TI - [Prevalence of tick-borne encephalitis viruses, their vectors and hosts in the Zahorska lowlands]. PMID- 6222799 TI - [Testing the sporocidal effect of the GE-409 f ER-2 autoclave]. PMID- 6222800 TI - [Diarrhea caused by enteroinvasive and enteropathogenic E. coli. Review]. PMID- 6222801 TI - [Lipolytic activity of post-heparin plasma, epididymal fat and the liver in rats with streptozotocin diabetes]. PMID- 6222802 TI - [Research on the production and botanical origin of bamboo juice in Eastern China]. PMID- 6222803 TI - [Research report on the quantitative microscopy of liu-wei-di-huang-wan]. PMID- 6222804 TI - [Preliminary study on the quality of Areca seed]. PMID- 6222805 TI - [Comparison of monosaccharides content in several drugs of Codonopsis species]. PMID- 6222806 TI - [The effect of processing on the purgative activity and constituents of Chinese rhubarb]. PMID- 6222807 TI - [Comparison of the hemostatic effect of different parts of palm and calcined charcoal]. PMID- 6222808 TI - [Loss of constituents in the root of Aconitum carmichaeli during processing]. PMID- 6222809 TI - [Studies on the hemostatic constituents of the leaves of Biota orientalis]. PMID- 6222810 TI - [Studies on chemical constituents of Cordyceps sinensis I]. PMID- 6222811 TI - [Studies on chemical constituents of the seeds of Forsythia suspensa I--isolation and identification of liposoluble components]. PMID- 6222812 TI - [Experimental studies on the hemostatic "7702"]. PMID- 6222813 TI - [Preliminary studies on the mechanism of increasing body endurance to anoxia of kang-xin-gen mixture and compound sheng-mai injection]. PMID- 6222814 TI - [Research on the pharmacology of Bupleurum chinensis]. PMID- 6222815 TI - [Cultivation of Platycodon grandiflorum]. PMID- 6222816 TI - [Comparison of the quality of cultivated and wild Bupleurum chinensis]. PMID- 6222817 TI - [A discussion of the methodological approaches to research in traditional Chinese medicine--multi-branch of science, multi-approach, multi-parameter, synchronic examination and correlation analysis]. PMID- 6222818 TI - [The present status and tentative ideas of research on 3 kinds of human-infecting taenia treated with traditional Chinese medicine]. PMID- 6222820 TI - [The clinical significance and exploration of the nature of the theory of "the lung and the large intestine are interior-exteriorly related" in traditional Chinese medicine]. PMID- 6222819 TI - [Resume of 1000 emergency cases of three kinds of digestive tract diseases treated with a single recipe rhubarb]. PMID- 6222821 TI - [A report of 400 cases of viral pneumonia in children treated with traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine]. PMID- 6222822 TI - [The use of seng fu injections in rescuing emergency patients]. PMID- 6222823 TI - [A clinical application of purgation method in acute infections]. PMID- 6222824 TI - [10 cases of acute aplastic anemia with traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine treatment]. PMID- 6222825 TI - [The relation between changes in the circadian rhythm of urinary 17 hydroxycorticosteroids and brain function in "yin-xu" patients with coronary heart disease]. PMID- 6222826 TI - [Diagnostic implication of the traditional Chinese medicine inspection of the tongue which references to chronic gastric diseases: a gastrofiberscopic study of 644 patients]. PMID- 6222827 TI - [A clinical observation of 25 cases of gravis colitis with traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine treatment]. PMID- 6222828 TI - [A preliminary study on the changes in pathology and histochemistry of affected limbs in filarial elephantiasis after the treatment with the baking-bandage method and hetrazan]. PMID- 6222829 TI - [The effect of yimucao, chishao, danggui, sanleng, erzhu and zelan on blood coagulation in rats]. PMID- 6222830 TI - [A preliminary exploration of reducing GPT in chronic hepatitis by means of Bian Zhen Lun Zhi]. PMID- 6222831 TI - [Types of common gastrointestinal diseases in traditional Chinese medicine in relation to salivary osmotic pressure]. PMID- 6222832 TI - [A further investigation on the pathogenesis, pathology and therapy of infantile diarrhea using traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine]. PMID- 6222833 TI - [Clinical observation of 546 cases of coronary heart disease treated with cyclovirobuxine D]. PMID- 6222834 TI - [The efficacy of qigong (breathing exercise) and antihypertensive drug therapy in 426 hypertensive patients and changes in plasma dopamine-beta-hydroxylase activity]. PMID- 6222835 TI - [The effect of a compound panax-ginseng decoction in the treatment of adult acute respiratory insufficiency after burns]. PMID- 6222836 TI - [A clinical analysis of 277 cases of fresh fractures in the extremities treated with traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine]. PMID- 6222837 TI - [A comprehensive multivariate analysis of the correlation among external morphology, chemical constituents and purgative activity of Rheum species]. PMID- 6222838 TI - [The effect of liquorice decoction on the phagocytosis of peritoneal macrophages of stressed mice]. PMID- 6222839 TI - [Treatment of shock with traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine]. PMID- 6222840 TI - [A clinical application of a seven-step approach to Bian Zhen Lun Zhi--experience in the treatment of myasthenia gravis]. PMID- 6222841 TI - [Tentative ideas on running a traditional Chinese medicine course for doctors]. PMID- 6222842 TI - [History of the vaccination of human pox]. PMID- 6222843 TI - Enzyme analysis of Schistosoma haematobium. AB - Results are reported of enzyme analyses, by isoelectric focusing in polyacrylamide gels, of adult Schistosoma haematobium worms derived from 22 isolates originating from 13 countries. Polymorphisms have been identified in the glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) and phosphoglucomutase (PGM) systems. Certain forms appear to be restricted in their geographical distribution and their occurrence outside their usual areas suggests human population movements resulting in mixing of parasite strains. The possible implications of minor variations in some PGM patterns and the apparent absence of heteropolymer fractions in presumed G6PD heterozygotes are discussed. The use of the technique to detect natural multiple miracidial infections in snails is reported and discussed. PMID- 6222844 TI - Antitumor effects of GANU and other nitrosourea derivatives against transplantable leukemias and solid tumors in mice. AB - The antitumor effects of GANU have been examined in a panel of mouse tumors for which data appear to be lacking in the literature. GANU has significant activity against P388 leukemia and TLX5 lymphoma, and also against the solid tumors B16 melanoma and Lewis lung carcinoma; pulmonary metastases of this tumor are particularly sensitive to the effects of GANU. The effects of GANU on TLX5 lymphoma and Lewis lung carcinoma are less pronounced than those of BCNU and CCNU, as already reported for L1210 leukemia. In contrast with other results obtained with this tumor, chlorozotocin has a less pronounced effect than GANU, and virtually none in lung metastases of Lewis lung carcinoma. PMID- 6222845 TI - Clinical pharmacology of the anticancer polypeptide neocarzinostatin. AB - The clinical pharmacology of the anticancer polypeptide neocarzinostatin was studied in 16 patients with disseminated neoplasia using a radioimmunoassay technique. Patients who received 2,400-3,600 U of the drug per square meter BSA by rapid IV infusion had triphasic plasma decay curves. For eight patients with normal hepatic and renal function, neocarzinostatin mean plasma half-lives were 0.14, 0.50, and 7.7 h. The mean plasma drug clearance was 32.4 ml/min/m2 and the apparent volume of distribution 19.3 l/m2. Two patients with liver dysfunction had shorter terminal plasma half-lives and greater drug clearance, while two with renal disease exhibited prolonged plasma half-lives and reduced drug clearances. The mean cumulative urinary excretion of neocarzinostatin was 69.1% of the administered dose at 72 h in three patients with normal hepatic and renal function. One patient with liver disease excreted 90.4%, while a patient with renal disease excreted only 58.1% of the dose in 24 h. In one patient with marked liver disease, biliary excretion accounted for 0.1% of the administered dose in 72 h. Cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of neocarzinostatin studied in two patients showed a CSF penetration of about 16% the plasma concentration at 1-5 h; concentrations persisted for 19 h in one patient with an Omayha reservoir. Neocarzinostatin was rapidly cleared from the plasma and eliminated in the urine. Dosage reductions of 50% are recommended for patients with impaired renal function, while no reduction or escalated doses could be tolerated by patients with liver disease. The pharmacologic data suggest a continuous IV infusion may be a more toxic but perhaps more effective schedule of administration. PMID- 6222846 TI - Myosin isoenzymes in normal and hypertrophied human ventricular myocardium. AB - We tested the hypothesis that hypertrophy of the human heart is associated with the redistribution of ventricular isomyosins. Human cardiac myosin was isolated from autopsy samples of left ventricular free wall of patients with cardiac hypertrophy and of fetal, young, and adult subjects without heart disease. The following parameters were studied: electrophoretic migration in denaturing and non-denaturing conditions; immunological cross-reactivities with three different types of antibodies; and early phosphate burst size and steady state ATPase activities stimulated by K+-EDTA, Ca++, Mg++, and actin. The antibodies were chosen for their ability to recognize selectively the rat V1 and V3 cardiac isomyosins. The first type was a monoclonal antibody, CCM-52, prepared against embryonic chick cardiac myosin, the second was an anti-beef atrial myosin, and the third was an anti-rat V1 myosin. CCM-52 reacted with a greater affinity with rat V3 than with rat V1, and was a probe of mammalian V3. Anti-beef atrial myosin and anti-rat V1 myosin both recognized specifically beef atrial and rat V1 myosins, and were thus considered as probes of mammalian V1. Under non-denaturing conditions, human myosins migrated as rat V3 isomyosin; under denaturing conditions, no difference was observed in any of the electrophoretic parameters between all samples tested, except for the fetal hearts which contained a fetal type of light chain. The immunological studies indicated that human myosins were composed mostly of a V3 type (HV3), but contained also some V1 isomyosin. A technique was developed to quantify the amount of human VI isomyosin which was found to range from almost 0 to 15% of total myosin, and to vary from one heart to the other, regardless of the origin of the heart. Enzymatic studies showed no significant difference between normal, hypertrophied, and fetal hearts in any of the activities tested. However, there was a significant correlation between Ca++ stimulated ATPase activities and HV1 amount (at 0.05 M KCl, n = 18, r2 equal 0.49, P less than 0.01; at 0.5 M KCl, n = 18, r 2 = 0.5, P less than 0.01). These data demonstrate the heterogeneity of human ventricular myosin, which appears to be composed, as in other mammalian species, of V1 and V3 isoforms of different ATPase activities (V1 greater than V3). However it seems that V1 to V3 shifts do not appear to be of physiological significance in the adaptation of human heart to chronic mechanical overloads. PMID- 6222847 TI - Determination of anaerobic threshold for assessment of functional state in patients with chronic heart failure. AB - The use of anaerobic threshold in assessment of aerobic capacity was evaluated in 34 normal subjects and 47 patients with various kinds of chronic heart disease. Anaerobic threshold was determined as the oxygen consumption (VO2) at which a linear relationship between pulmonary ventilation (VE) and VO2 was lost during progressive treadmill exercise. Anaerobic threshold determined in this manner was validated with that determined by blood lactate measurements in eight normal subjects and nine cardiac patients (r = .962, p less than .001). Thereafter, anaerobic threshold was determined only by respiratory measurements. In symptom limited, maximal exercise, anaerobic threshold was reached well before maximal effort and corresponded to 70% of maximal VO2 both in normal subjects and cardiac patients. Anaerobic threshold decreased as age progressed in normal subjects (r = - .70, p less than .001). Anaerobic threshold in cardiac patients was lower than that in the normal subjects and decreased progressively as New York Heart Association functional classification advanced (normal, 32.95 +/- 6.17 ml/min/kg; class I, 22.78 +/- 3.74; class II, 16.99 +/- 3.66; class III, 12.97 +/- 2.76; p less than .01 between each group other than between class II and class III). Anaerobic threshold in cardiac patients correlated poorly with other objective indices, e.g., cardiomegaly (r = -.54, p less than .001) and rise in pulmonary wedge pressure (r = -.64, p less than .001). At anaerobic threshold, cardiac patients subjectively graded the work load as light (13%), light-to-moderate (27%), moderate (30%), and moderate-to-heavy (28%). Thus determination of anaerobic threshold by respiratory measurements is a safe, accurate, and objective method to measure aerobic capacity in cardiac patients and in normal subjects. PMID- 6222848 TI - Coronary reocclusion after selective administration of streptokinase. AB - Intracoronary streptokinase was given to 40 patients with acute transmural myocardial infarction. In 34 of the patients (85%), it resulted in reflow or improved flow. Six patients showed no reflow and six reocclusion within 2 hours. No consistent explanation was found for this resistance to therapy. Five other patients developed reocclusion after 6 days to 11 months, when heparin or warfarin anticoagulation had been stopped. Percutaneous angioplasty at the time of streptokinase infusion was performed in seven, with six successes. Bypass surgery was performed after successful streptokinase administration in eight. Follow-up revealed recurrent ischemia in patients successfully treated with streptokinase alone, but not in patients with successful angioplasty or bypass surgery. Long-term coronary patency after thrombolysis may require careful anticoagulation or a procedure that modifies or bypasses the residual stenosis. PMID- 6222849 TI - Methodologic aspects of intracoronary thrombolysis. Drugs, dosage and duration. AB - Clinical experience indicates that the methods of intracoronary thrombolysis are not standardized. Although overall reperfusion rates of 75-80% have been achieved, clinical application at individual centers reflects variations in thrombolytic agents used, dosage, infusion rates, technique of administration and use of adjunctive measures, as well as variation in rates of successful recanalization. Analysis of results as a function of differences in approach suggests that certain procedural factors may influence reperfusion rates. Within the range of total dosage and infusion rates used, higher dosage levels and infusion rates appear to be associated with higher rates of reperfusion. Experimental and preliminary clinical results also suggest that subselective infusion may be associated with higher response rates than ostial infusion of thrombolytic agents. However, additional studies are needed to define the optimal methods of intracoronary thrombolytic therapy. PMID- 6222850 TI - Gas-chromatographic determination of cholesterol sulfate in plasma and erythrocytes, for the diagnosis of recessive X-linked ichthyosis. AB - We describe a rapid method for determining cholesterol sulfate in plasma and erythrocytes. After its single-step isolation by means of anion-exchange chromatography cholesterol sulfate is hydrolyzed, trimethylsilylated, and determined by gas chromatography with flame ionization detection. 5 beta Cholestan-3 alpha-ol sulfate is used as internal standard. The method enables simultaneous determination of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate in plasma. We applied it for the diagnosis of seven patients with recessive X-linked ichthyosis. Concentrations are given for plasma and erythrocytes from four unaffected relatives of patients with X-linked ichthyosis, a patient with placental sulfatase deficiency, two patients with other types of ichthyoses, and 20 controls. The method may also be of use for the rapid isolation of other organic sulfates from biological material, as illustrated by a comparison of gas chromatograms of urine from a normal pregnant woman and that from a patient with placental sulfatase deficiency. PMID- 6222851 TI - Studies of immunoglobulin synthesis in cultures of peripheral T and B lymphocytes: reduced T-suppressor cell activity in Graves' disease. PMID- 6222852 TI - Analysis of natural killer effector and suppressor activity by intraepithelial lymphocytes from mouse small intestine. AB - Intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL) are morphologically similar to NK cells in other tissues and we have studied the NK activity of IEL isolated from mouse small intestine. In contrast to spleen NK cells, IEL showed little activity against YAC-1 over 4 h but had high levels of NK activity when the assay was extended to 18 h. IEL from nude mice did not show the enhanced NK activity found in other tissues. IEL were also found to suppress the NK activity of spleen cells and this suppressor function was not mediated by T lymphocytes or macrophages. The results indicate that the intestinal epithelium contains a population of potent NK cells which may represent a type of NK cell different to that found in other tissues. In addition, there are also cells capable of regulating NK cell function in the epithelial layer. PMID- 6222853 TI - Effect of androgen therapy on survival and suppressor cell activity in aged NZB/NZW F1 hybrid mice. AB - Male NZB/NZW F1 hybrid (B/W) mice survive their first year of life and die of lupus nephritis or lymphoid malignancy during the second year. Androgen therapy, even if delayed until 9 months of age, improves survival considerably. We report here that androgen therapy in aged B/W mice is associated with improved cell mediated immune function as well as increased survival. Androgen treated mice have significantly augmented spleen cell responses to phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) and a decreased incidence of abnormal splenic suppressor activity. These results suggest that androgen may prolong survival in B/W mice in part through an effect on abnormally suppressive regulatory cells that impair T lymphocyte function. PMID- 6222854 TI - Studies on immunoregulatory mechanisms in acute and chronic hepatitis B. AB - Patients with acute hepatitis B and HBV-induced chronic hepatitis as well as normal control persons participated in the study. Hepatitis patients of both groups have decreased OKT4+/OKT8+T cell ratios due to an percental increase of OKT8+T cells in peripheral blood compared to the data of controls. Lymphocyte cultures of chronic hepatitis patients show reduced DNA synthesis after stimulation by allogeneic non-T cells, PHA, Con A and PWM. PWM-induced immunoglobulin secretion by B cells, determined by means of a reverse haemolytic plaque assay (RHPA) and a solid phase ELISA, showed comparable results in hepatitis B patients and controls. The AMLR, which is thought to reflect an autologous immunoregulatory phenomenon, is slightly impaired in cultures of hepatitis B patients in comparison to controls. Con A-induced suppressor cell activity on T cell reactions is decreased in hepatitis, whereas suppressor cell activity on B cell activation is within the same range as in cultures of controls. It is concluded from these data, that suppressor cell activity on T cell function is impaired in hepatitis B, whereas B cell functions and suppressor cell activity on B cell function are in the normal range. The results with the functional assays and the finding of increased proportions of OKT8+T cells in hepatitis B are considered to reflect properties of different T cell subpopulations, responsible for different immunoregulatory functions. PMID- 6222855 TI - Humoral immune response in aged humans: suppressor effect of monocytes on spontaneous plaque forming cell generation. AB - In 50 old donors antibody synthesis has been detected using a protein A haemolytic plaque assay. Data provide evidence that the plaque forming cell (PFC) capacity of aged peripheral mononuclear cells (PBMC) is significantly depressed (0 . 01 greater than P greater than 0 . 001) in comparison to controls. Additionally, suppression is mediated by adherent cells, since monocyte depleted lymphocytes regain the ability of generating spontaneous plaques. The inhibitory effect of monocytes seems to be prostaglandin-dependent, since indomethacin pre treated PBMC give rise to a normal number of plaques when compared to young mononuclear cells. PMID- 6222856 TI - Activation of suppressor function of human peripheral blood T cells by (+)cyanidanol-3: its application to chronic active liver diseases. AB - (+)Cyanidanol-3, a substance belonging to the flavonoids group, has been used in acute viral hepatitis (AVH) and chronic active liver disease (CALD). Studies were undertaken to determine if (+)cyanidanol-3 could affect a function of mitogen stimulated peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) in humans. First, (+)cyanidanol-3 was added directly to pokeweed mitogen (PWM) stimulated PBL or co-culture of B and T cells resulting in severe suppression of immunoglobulin (Ig) production. This suppression was mediated by radiosensitive T cells. Secondly, when normal T cells pre-incubated with 25 micrograms/ml of (+)cyanidanol-3 for 48 h were cultured with freshly prepared autologous or allogeneic normal PBL in the presence of PWM, Ig production was markedly suppressed. Similarly, there was a consistent suppression of blast transformation of concanavalin A (Con A) stimulated autologous or allogeneic responding PBL by (+)cyanidanol-3 pre-treated normal T cells. On the other hand, (+)cyanidanol-3-induced suppressor cell activity of T cells from patients with CALD was significantly decreased (P less than 0.001) when compared with that of normal individuals. These studies may explain the therapeutic effect of (+)cyanidanol-3 on certain types of liver disease. PMID- 6222857 TI - A comparison of the regulatory effects of human monocytes, pulmonary alveolar macrophages (PAMs) and spleen macrophages upon lymphocyte responses. AB - Human monocytes, pulmonary alveolar macrophages (PAMs) and spleen macrophages were concentrated by immobilization on cold insoluble globulins. These cell preparations were 90 +/- 3%, 95 +/- 1% and 83 +/- 3% esterase rich, respectively, 87 +/- 4%, 95 +/- 3% and 66 +/- 11% phagocytic and 78 +/- 3%, 79 +/- 9% and 68 +/ 5% reactive with OKM1 monoclonal antibody. Spleen macrophages differed from the other two cell preparations in that significantly fewer reacted with 61D3 or 63D2 monoclonal antibodies. Monocytes and PAMs promoted the mixed leucocyte response by autologous lymphocytes when added at low concentrations, but suppressed this response at high concentrations. Spleen macrophages only promoted the mixed leucocyte reaction but were required in much higher numbers than either monocytes or PAMs for optimal promotion. Likewise, the added presence of monocytes or PAMs in high numbers suppressed Ig synthesis stimulated with pokeweed mitogen, while spleen macrophages were not suppressive in this system. This study shows that the distribution of macrophages that differ in their regulatory effects upon lymphocyte responses varies in different tissues. The human spleen is deficient in macrophage related suppression. PMID- 6222858 TI - Penetration of moxalactam and cefazolin into bone following simultaneous bolus or infusion. AB - The penetration of cefazolin and moxalactam into bone was studied in 20 adults scheduled for total hip arthroplasty. Patients randomly received both moxalactam and cefazolin (10 mg/kg of each) by either a rapid bolus or a 30-minute infusion. Serum and bone-extract concentrations were measured by HPLC. Serum concentrations of cefazolin were significantly greater than those of moxalactam at 15 minutes, 30 minutes, and at the time of bone removal for both rates of injection. Bone concentrations of cefazolin were significantly greater than those of moxalactam for both the bolus study (7.7 +/- 4.8 micrograms/g versus 5.4 +/- 3.4 micrograms/g) and the infusion study (5.6 +/- 3.4 micrograms/g versus 4.3 +/- 2.6 micrograms/g, respectively). There was no significant difference in the bone levels for the two drugs when penetration was expressed as a function of the simultaneous serum concentration (18% for each drug), and there were no significant differences in bone concentrations between the two rates of administration. PMID- 6222859 TI - A study of autologous cancellous bone particles in long bone discontinuity defects. AB - Long bone discontinuity defects in dogs were restored by particulate autologous cancellous bone grafts and a Dacron-urethane mesh implant. In six months the discontinuity defects were filled by new bone formation, which was analyzed histologically, radiographically, and by densitometric methods. The postulated mechanism is a field phenomenon of bone induction. The discontinuity defects remained unrestored in the control groups without bone graft material. In the dogs killed at three months incorporation of the graft material was incomplete in the central area of the defect. PMID- 6222860 TI - [Concanavalin A stimulated autologous rosette forming cell in the neuroimmunological disorders]. PMID- 6222861 TI - The Surgeon General's Workshop on Children with Handicaps and Their Families. Keynote address. PMID- 6222862 TI - [Clinical use of thymoxamine in peripheral arterial pathology]. PMID- 6222863 TI - New techniques for purifying large DNAs and studying their properties and packaging. PMID- 6222864 TI - Helical periodicity of DNA on and off the nucleosome as probed by nucleases. PMID- 6222865 TI - Mutations defining the operator-binding sites of bacteriophage lambda repressor. AB - We have characterized about 50 different amino acid substitutions in the aminoterminal domain of lambda repressor. Sixteen of these substitutions alter external side chains of the repressor and cause a substantial reduction in the affinity of the mutant repressor for operator DNA. Seven of these mutant repressors were purified and were shown to be stably folded. The strong, external repressor mutations occur near the aminoterminal end of alpha helix 2, throughout alpha helix 3, and in the aminoterminal-arm region of the repressor. These results suggest that these regions of lambda repressor are close to operator DNA in the protein-DNA complex and thus that these regions comprise the DNA-binding sites of the repressor. Our genetic results support and are completely consistent with more-detailed models of the repressor-operator interaction based on model building (Pabo and Lewis 1982; Lewis et al. this volume) and biochemical studies (Pabo et al. 1982). PMID- 6222866 TI - Features of bacteriophage lambda: analysis of the complete nucleotide sequence. PMID- 6222867 TI - Methylation and chromatin structure. PMID- 6222868 TI - DNA structures required for phi X174 A-protein-directed initiation and termination of DNA replication. PMID- 6222869 TI - Small ribonucleoproteins from eukaryotes: structures and roles in RNA biogenesis. PMID- 6222870 TI - Nutritional regulation of glycolysis in rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri R.). AB - 1. Some physico-chemical constants and the nutritional regulation of pyruvate kinase (PK), phosphofructokinase (PFK) and hexokinase (HK) from rainbow trout liver was investigated. 2. The maximum activity pH for the three enzymes appears to be in a physiological range. 3. The PK-enzyme shows sigmoid kinetic with respect to PEP with a Hill-coefficient of 3.1; the other two enzymes show michaelian kinetic for their substrates. 4. The nutritional treatments show that HK-enzyme increases its level with high carbohydrate diet and decreases with high protein diet and starvation. 5. PFK-enzyme decreases with high protein diet and starvation. 6. PK-enzyme only shows a decrease in level with starvation conditions. PMID- 6222871 TI - Disability: come to the aid. PMID- 6222872 TI - Aids for the home. PMID- 6222873 TI - Prevalence of dichromate sensitivity. AB - In a population of 822 healthy adult volunteers, 2% of the 410 men and 1.5% of the 412 women showed a positive patch test reaction to 0.5% potassium dichromate in pet. Most of the positive reactions (10/14) occurred in the group of 110 offset printers, lithographers and printing plant cleaners with present occupational exposure to chromium. Among the remaining test population, sensitivity to dichromate was rare (4/712). Of the 14 chromium-allergic persons, 9 had present or past hand eczema, 2 had eczema only on the face, and 3 could not recall having had any skin trouble. In 2981 clinic patients tested during a 5 year period, the frequency of chromate sensitivity was 6.8% in men and 2.8% in women among all patients tested, but 20% in men and 8% in women of the 499 patients with occupational hand eczema. The incidence of chromium allergy in separate occupational groups is presented. PMID- 6222874 TI - Relationship between nickel and cobalt sensitization in hard metal workers. AB - 853 hard metal workers were examined and patch tested with 20 substances from their environment, including nickel and cobalt. Nickel sensitivity was found in 2 men and 38 women. 88% of the nickel-sensitive individuals had developed a jewelry dermatitis prior to employment in the hard metal industry or before the appearance of hand eczema. 29% of the hard metal workers gave a history of slight irritant dermatitis. In the nickel sensitized group, 40% had had severe hand eczema which generally appeared 6-12 months after starting employment. In 25% of the cases, nickel sensitive individuals developed cobalt allergy, compared with 5% in the total population investigated. Most facts indicate that nickel sensitivity and irritant hand eczema precede cobalt sensitization. Hard metal workers with simultaneous nickel and cobalt sensitivity had a more severe hand eczema than those with isolated cobalt or nickel sensitivity or only irritant dermatitis. 64% of the female population had pierced ear lobes. Among the nickel allergic women, 95% had pierced ear lobes. The use of earrings containing nickel after piercing is strongly suspected of being the major cause of nickel sensitivity. Piercing at an early age seems to increase the risk of incurring nickel sensitivity. PMID- 6222875 TI - Contact allergy to colophony in soldering flux. PMID- 6222876 TI - Type-I reactions to commercial fish in non-exposed individuals. AB - The frequency of type-I reactions (contact urticaria) to plaice, whiting, common dab, witch, codfish, Norwegian haddock, herring and halibut has been examined in 26 individuals; 23 of these carried through all the investigations. 65% of the volunteers had a positive scratch patch test to one or more species of fish. All 20 min closed patch tests were negative. 5 of the volunteers were atopics. They showed about twice as many positive scratch patch tests when compared to the non atopics. The investigation shows that the "fish allergen" is destroyed by cooking but not by freezing. The possibility of common and specific fish allergens is discussed. PMID- 6222877 TI - Chicory dermatitis from September to April. PMID- 6222878 TI - Occupational dermatitis to Ampholyt G in hospital personnel. PMID- 6222879 TI - Contact allergy to ketoprofen. PMID- 6222880 TI - Subcorneal pustular eruption and erythema from occupational exposure to trichloroethylene. PMID- 6222881 TI - Photopatch test in a hydrochlorothiazide drug eruption. PMID- 6222882 TI - Contact dermatitis from pyrrolenitrin. PMID- 6222883 TI - Contact sensitivity to NAPP printing plates secondary to a relapsing hand dermatitis. PMID- 6222884 TI - Contact dermatitis to ethoxyquin. PMID- 6222886 TI - EKG of the month: bundle branch block. PMID- 6222885 TI - Contact dermatitis due to cinnamic aldehyde induced in a deodorant manufacturing process. PMID- 6222887 TI - The effects of dopamine on right ventricular ejection fraction in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. PMID- 6222888 TI - The relationship between suppressor cells and malignancy. AB - Peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) from cancer patients were first tested for the proliferative response to concanavalin A (Con A). The lymphocytes which had lower response to Con A than the normal control were supposed to have relatively greater numbers of putative suppressor cells, or higher suppressive activity was anticipated in the PBL. The PBL were then treated with mitomycin C, added to normal lymphocytes in the presence of Con A, and cocultured for further investigation of the activity of the putative suppressor cells as determined by the effect of these putative cells on the responses of normal lymphocytes to Con A. In many of our studies inconsistent results showed between two types of assay systems. Not all patient's lymphocytes showing depression in response to Con A could suppress the proliferation of normal lymphocytes in response to Con A in coculture systems. However, some of the patients' lymphocytes, despite not showing a depressed response to Con A in the direct assay, were able to inhibit the response of normal lymphocytes to Con A in coculture. The contradictory data imply that it is inappropriate to conclude that suppressor cells are present at elevated levels in cancer patients by relying solely on the evidence of a depressed response to mitogens, either in a direct stimulation assay or in a coculture system. Our results possibly reflect that the development of cancer is not directly linked to the elevation of suppressor cell activity. Other more complicated mechanisms may be involved. PMID- 6222889 TI - [Functionally satisfying reconstruction of a combined abdominal, chest wall and diaphragmatic defect with corium following sternum tumor resection]. AB - In a patient, suffering from a chondrosarcoma in the lower sternum, and having undergone radical tumor resection, we had to reconstruct the thoracic wall, the abdominal wall, and the diaphragm. This was done with autologous corium. We report on the advantages of this material and at the same time refer to that of a complete physiologic reconstruction of the diaphragmatic dome seems impossible if accompanied by defects of the thorax and the abdominal wall. Fitting a corset appears necessary as an external support. PMID- 6222890 TI - [Transluminal angioplasty in the treatment of complications of arteriovenous hemodialysis fistulas]. PMID- 6222892 TI - [Frequency, relevance and latency of chemical allergy in hospitalized patients in Budapest]. AB - Epicutaneous tests were performed 1979 using a standard test series of 31 substances on 436 hospitalized patients. The positive results were analysed for relevance and latency. Occupational and environmental origin of sensitization was looked for in both sexes. The order of allergens causing contact dermatitis in women was: Dichromate, phenylbutazone, cobalt (as concomitant allergy?), balsam of Peru, p-phenylene diamine, chloramphenicol, phenyl-isopropyl-p-phenylene diamine, N-phenyl-cyclohexyl-p-phenylene diamine (as concomitant allergy?), mercury amidochlorate, formaldehyde, mercury bichloride (as concomitant allergy?). In men the order of frequency was: dichromate, phenyl-isopropyl-p phenylene diamine, N-phenyl-cyclohexyl-p-phenylene diamine (as concomitant allergy?), cobalt (as concomitant allergy?), p-phenylene diamine, chloramphenicol, formaldehyde, phenylbutazone, balsam of Peru, mercury amidochlorate, mercury bichloride (as concomitant allergy?). The mode and degree of exposure are important factors influencing the composition of the spectrum of allergens. It is essential to distinguish between relevant and latent sensitization primarily in occupational exposure when decisions concerning the patient's future occupation must be made. PMID- 6222891 TI - Isotretinoin in severe, recalcitrant cystic acne: a review. AB - Isotretinoin, an isomer of retinoic acid, recently has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration for treatment of severe, recalcitrant acne. The most impressive effects include inhibition of sebum production and a reversible decrease in sebaceous gland size. Isotretinoin has proved to be an effective drug; response to therapy has been seen in virtually 100 percent of patients treated. Almost all patients experience reversible cutaneous and mucous-membrane symptoms while on isotretinoin treatment. Other common side effects include conjunctivitis (38 percent) and eye irritation (50 percent). The recommended dosage is 1-2 mg/kg/d for no longer than 16 weeks. Isotretinoin is currently the treatment of choice for severe, recalcitrant acne; however, because of potential side effects associated with retinoids, isotretinoin should be reserved for those patients who are unresponsive to conventional therapy, including topical and systemic antibiotics. PMID- 6222893 TI - [Alkali resistance changes from use of water-in-oil- and oil-in-water emulsions]. AB - Metal workers who up to 4 h prior to the alkali resistance (AR) test had applied different O/W-emulsions revealed a better mean AR on the forearms than those who had used W/O-emulsions or no protective skin ointments at all. Similar test results were achieved in 9 metal workers tested in a right-left comparison under standardized external conditions as in more than 300 workers of various industries. By a right-left comparison of an O/W- and W/O-emulsion with 14 students it was shown that all subjects with a low pre-test AR revealed an increased AR after the application of the ointment. Proved differences in AR reactivity related to occupation and skin constitution of the subject tested are considered to be due to differences in the hydration rate of the horny layer. PMID- 6222894 TI - Exposure to chromium from hospital cleaning. AB - The relevance of a positive chromium patch test in females with hand eczema is very often obscure. In order to investigate the exposure to chromium in an everyday event as cleaning, the chromium content of water samples from various steps of the cleaning process in a Danish hospital was analyzed. During cleaning the chromium contamination increased above the theoretical limit necessary for sensitization. House dust contains considerable amounts of chromium, and will readily liberate it into suspension. All the chromium was found in the trivalent form. PMID- 6222895 TI - Effects of streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus on hypothalamic-pituitary thyroid axis in rats. AB - The effects of streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus on the hypothalamic pituitary-thyroid axis in rats were studied. Streptozotocin (60 mg/kg) was injected ip. Rats were decapitated at two and four weeks after the streptozotocin treatment. Thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH), thyrotropin (TSH), thyroxine (T4), 3,3',5-triiodothyronine (T3), 3,3',5'-triiodothyronine (rT3), 3,3' diiodothyronine (3,3'-T2) and 3',5'-diiodothyronine (3',5'-T2) were measured by means of the specific radioimmunoassay for each. Immunoreactive TRH (ir-TRH) contents in the hypothalamus significantly decreased at four weeks (p less than 0.02). Basal TSH levels in plasma significantly decreased (p less than 0.005, p less than 0.001), and plasma ir-TRH and TSH responses to cold were significantly inhibited after the streptozotocin treatment (p less than 0.001). The plasma TSH response to TRH was decreased, but not significantly. The plasma T4 and T3 levels fell significantly. RT3 did not change throughout the experiment. 3,3'-T2 levels in plasma fell significantly, whereas 3',5'-T2 increased. Blood glucose levels rose significantly after streptozotocin treatment, but insulin treatment led to partial restoration. The findings suggest that streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus affects various sites of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis in rats. PMID- 6222896 TI - In vitro activity of ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin and nalidixic acid. AB - The in vitro antibacterial activity of the new quinoline derivative ciprofloxacin (BAY 0 9867) was evaluated in comparison to norfloxacin and nalidixic acid using 495 clinical strains of gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. The compound was highly active against Enterobacteriaceae, with MICs ranging from 0.008 mg/l to 4 mg/l, whereas the MICs of norfloxacin ranged from 0.03 mg/l to 16 mg/l. All strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter calcoaceticus were inhibited with a concentration of 2 mg/l ciprofloxacin and 32 mg/l norfloxacin. Ciprofloxacin was also active against gram-positive cocci. The MICs for Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Streptococcus faecalis ranged from 0.008 to 2.0 mg/l. The activity of ciprofloxacin was only slightly influenced by inoculum size, whereas an acid environment caused a noticeable decrease in the activity. Ciprofloxacin would seem to be a promising antibacterial agent for the treatment of urinary tract infection. PMID- 6222897 TI - The glucose effect in Bacillus subtilis. AB - An analysis of the glucose downshift mechanism in Bacillus subtilis has shown that the depression of catabolic enzymes characteristic of the 'glucose effect' includes isocitrate dehydrogenase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. Additionally, phosphofructokinase undergoes what appears to be a reversible modification regulated by glucose transport. PMID- 6222898 TI - Radiocardiographic evaluation of left ventricular function after inhalation of C15O2. AB - Inhalation of C15O2 delivers a bolus of labelled water into the pulmonary veins and the left atrium; analysis of the left ventricular curve provides an easy method for the evaluation of left ventricular function. the patient was seated before six collimated probes positioned toward the lungs. An additional probe was directed toward the heart in a modified 15 to 20 degrees left anterior oblique projection. One to two mCi C15O2 was administered per study. The left ventricular curve was analysed and the ejection fraction was calculated using a new method. The background was first calculated for the cycle with the largest diastolic counts using characteristic points of the curve before and after transit of the indicator through the left ventricle. For the other cycles, the background was considered to be a constant fraction of the end-diastolic counts. The left ventricular ejection fraction was obtained for each cycle after corresponding background subtraction as the ratio of diastolic activity minus systolic activity over diastolic activity. The ejection fraction thus determined in 20 patients was highly reproducible from beat to beat and from study to study in the same patient (r = 0.97 and 0.96). It corresponded closely to the ejection fraction determined using a camera-computer system (r = 0.92). We conclude that C15O2 inhalation is an easy, rapid, reproducible and attractive method to assess left ventricular function. PMID- 6222899 TI - Role of radio-aerosol and perfusion lung imaging in early detection of chronic obstructive lung disease. AB - The efficacy of radio-aerosol and perfusion lung imaging in the early detection of chronic obstructive lung disease was evaluated in 38 subjects. The subjects included 5 non-smokers, 21 smokers with minimal or no respiratory symptoms and 12 patients with chronic obstructive lung disease. Each subject consented to a respiratory questionnaire, detailed physical examination, chest X-ray examinations, detailed pulmonary function tests and 99mTc-radio aerosol inhalation lung imaging. Perfusion lung imaging with 99mTc-labelled macroaggregated albumin was performed in 22 subjects. A significant correlation (P less than 0.001) was observed between the degree of abnormalities on radio aerosol imaging and pulmonary function tests (PFTs) including forced expiratory volume in 1 s, maximum mid-expiratory flow rate and mean transit time analysis. Abnormal radio-aerosol patterns and deranged PFTs were observed in 21 subjects each. Of 21 subjects with abnormal radioaerosol pattern 8 had normal PFTs. Of 21 subjects with abnormal PFTs 8 had normal aerosol images. Aerosol lung images and PFTs were abnormal more frequently than perfusion lung images. The results suggest that radio-aerosol lung imaging is as sensitive an indicator as PFTs for early detection of chronic obstructive lung disease and can be usefully combined with PFTs for early detection of alteration in pulmonary physiology in smokers. PMID- 6222900 TI - Salivary cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate levels in postmenopausal women with primary breast cancer. AB - Cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHAS) were measured in saliva from postmenopausal women with primary breast cancer and a control group of comparable age. Specimens were collected at 2-hr intervals during wake-span for two consecutive days, and circadian rhythmicity was demonstrated for each of the hormones in both populations. The marginally elevated levels of cortisol and lower levels of DHAS associated with the cancer group, and the larger inter subject variation, make it unlikely that these hormone measurements would be of value in identifying women at risk of developing breast cancer. PMID- 6222902 TI - The Pennhurst and Rowley decisions: issues and implications. PMID- 6222901 TI - Aminoglutethimide dose and hormone suppression in advanced breast cancer. AB - The effect of the dose of aminoglutethimide on the suppression of oestrone, oestradiol and dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHAS) levels was studied in 36 women with advanced postmenopausal breast cancer, all of whom received 20 mg hydrocortisone twice daily as replacement glucocorticoid. Aminoglutethimide (AG) 250 mg twice a day was as effective as AG 250 mg 3 times a day or AG 250 mg 4 times a day. Side-effects were less at the lowest dosage and were age-related. On treatment oestrone levels were higher in non-responders to treatment. Lower doses of AG than are currently used may be as effective therapeutically. PMID- 6222903 TI - Suspension and expulsion of handicapped individuals. PMID- 6222904 TI - Education of handicapped preschoolers: a national survey of services and personnel requirements. PMID- 6222905 TI - A comparison of teacher time spent with physically handicapped and able-bodied students. PMID- 6222906 TI - New York City Committee on the Handicapped regarding appropriate placement of handicapped children. PMID- 6222907 TI - Performance of handicapped students on the North Carolina minimum competency test. PMID- 6222908 TI - The effect of piperacillin dose on elimination kinetics in renal impairment. AB - The effect of drug dose on piperacillin elimination kinetics was examined in 27 adult subjects with varying renal function. Piperacillin, 15 mg/kg or 60 mg/kg, was given by bolus intravenous injection. The elimination half-life (t1/2) increased five-fold and plasma clearance (Clp) decreased by 80% in patients with renal failure. Both parameters were dose dependent in patients with normal renal function, but not in patients with renal insufficiency. Piperacillin dose dependent elimination is due primarily to capacity limited renal excretion. PMID- 6222909 TI - Role of human factor I and C3b receptor in the cleavage of surface-bound C3bi molecules. AB - Control of functions mediated by the third component of complement (C3) depends on the rate of generation and degradation of biologically active C3 fragments. To evaluate the mechanisms of degradation of active C3 fragments, the role of the control protein C3b/C4b inactivator (factor I) was investigated under conditions approximating those found in vivo, i.e. in the presence of plasma. The breakdown of human erythrocyte-bound C3bi molecules in serum or plasma was mediated only by factor I, since factor I-deficient or -depleted plasma was inactive until reconstituted with highly purified factor I. The rate of cleavage of C3bi bound to human erythrocytes by purified factor I was not affected by the presence or absence of beta 1H (factor H). The released breakdown product of C3bi has been shown to be C3c antigenically and on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate. Two different monospecific antibodies to the human C3b receptor totally abrogated factor I-mediated cleavage of cell-bound C3bi, suggesting that the C3b receptor (but not factor H) is required as an obligate cofactor. The rate of this C3b receptor-dependent, factor I-mediated cleavage of bound C3bi is strongly regulated by the surface to which C3bi is bound. Whereas C3bi bound to particulate nonactivators of the alternative complement pathway such as human erythrocytes is rapidly degraded by this mechanism, the rate of cleavage of C3bi bound to activators is significantly slower. These data suggest a physiologic role of C3b receptors in the degradation of biologically active C3 fragments deposited on host tissues. They also suggest that C3bi molecules on restricted surfaces are relatively stable and can thereby interact with complement C3 receptors in vivo. PMID- 6222910 TI - Vascular responses of the isolated perfused stomach of rabbit and rat to histamine. AB - Gastric vascular responses to histamine and its selective H1- and H2-agonists in vitro were investigated in the isolated vascular-perfused stomach of rabbit and rat. In the rabbit stomach under resting conditions bolus injection of histamine (5-80 nmol) caused a small increase in perfusion pressure (PP). However, during infusion of noradrenaline (1 microM), which elevated vascular tone, histamine (5 80 nmol) caused a dose-dependent biphasic vascular response, an initial increase followed by a fall in PP. Under similar conditions, the H1-agonist 2-pyridyl ethylamine, (2-PE; 50-400 nmol) elevated PP, whereas the H2-agonist dimaprit (80 640 nmol) reduced PP. The H1-antagonist mepyramine (0.25 microM) converted the biphasic response of histamine (5-50 nmol) to a monophasic vasodilation whereas the H2-receptor antagonist, cimetidine (1 microM) converted the biphasic response to a vasoconstriction. Similar responses were observed during conditions of elevated vascular tone induced by vasopressin or angiotensin II. In the rat stomach, histamine and both dimaprit and 2-PE reduced PP during conditions of elevated vascular tone. These findings support the presence of both H1- and H2 receptors in the gastric vasculature of both rat and rabbit; in both species, the H2-response is vasodilation whereas the nature of the H1-response is species dependent. PMID- 6222911 TI - Clonal growth of primary cultures of rabbit ear chondrocytes in a lipid supplemented defined medium. AB - Clonal growth of primary cultures of rabbit ear chondrocytes in a defined medium without serum or other undefined additives has been achieved. The clonal inoculum is a suspension of fully differentiated chondrocytes prepared by collagenase digestion of rabbit ear cartilage and used with no prior adaptation or selection in culture. When inoculated into medium MCDB 104 supplemented with 100 ng/ml fibroblast growth factor (FGF), 1 microgram/ml insulin, and 5 micrograms/ml of a lipid supplement previously developed for human fibroblasts, the isolated chondrocytes undergo clonal multiplication to form large colonies of epithelial like cells. Colonies grown in the defined medium for 14 days accumulate at their centers refractile cartilage-like matrix that is stained by acidified Alcian green, although the amount is significantly less than with undefined additives. This system opens the way for detailed studies, in a defined background medium, of factors that regulate phenotypic expression of cartilage-like differentiated properties. PMID- 6222912 TI - Contact formation by fibroblasts adhering to heparan sulfate-binding substrata (fibronectin or platelet factor 4). AB - The process of cell-substratum adhesion of BALB/c 3T3 fibroblasts on fibronectin (FN)-coated substrata was compared with that of cells adhering to substrata coated with the heparan sulfate (HS)-binding protein, platelet factor four (PF4). FN has binding domains for HS and an unidentified cell surface receptor, whereas PF4 binds to only HS on the surface of the cell. The attachment and early spreading sequences of cells on either substratum were similar as shown by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Within 2 h of spreading, cells on FN developed typical fibroblastic morphologies, whereas those on PF4 lacked polygonal orientations and formed numerous broadly spread lamellae. Interference reflection microscopic analysis indicated that PF4-adherent cells formed only close adhesive contacts, whereas FN-adherent cells formed both close contacts and tight focal contacts. Cells on either substratum responded to Ca2+ chelation with EGTA by rounding up, but remained adherent to the substratum by relatively EGTA resistant regions of the cell's undersurface, demonstrating that cell surface HS by binding to an appropriate substratum is capable of initiating a Ca2+-dependent spreading response. The EGTA-resistant substratum-attached material on PF4 was morphologically similar to that on FN, the latter of which was derived from both tight focal contacts and discrete specializations within certain close contacts. These studies show that heparan sulfate proteoglycans on the surface of these cells can participate in the formation of close contact adhesions by binding to an appropriate substratum and suggest that sub-specializations within close contact adhesions may evolve into tight focal contacts by the participation of an unidentified cell surface receptor which binds specifically to fibronectin but not to PF4. In addition, the functional role of FN in tight focal contact formation is demonstrated. PMID- 6222913 TI - Identification of G actin-binding proteins in rat tissues using a gel overlay technique. AB - Actin-binding proteins were assayed in various tissues using an 125I-actin overlay procedure. Four major G actin-binding proteins of 90000, 65000, 58000 and 40000 Mr have been identified. The 90K protein is present in all tissues and binds labelled actin in a calcium-sensitive manner with binding increasing 3-4 fold in the presence of Ca2+. The distribution of the 58K and 65K protein which are not Ca2+-sensitive was more variable. These proteins were present in different ratios in different tissues. 125I-actin binding to all four actin binding proteins is specific and can be displaced by preincubation of the gels with unlabelled actin. The interaction of actin with these proteins does not appear to involve ionic forces, since binding is not diminished by varying the salt concentration. Skeletal muscle glycolytic enzymes, the lens crystallins and the histones also bind 125I-actin. This binding cannot be displaced by preincubation with unlabelled actin and is presumably non-specific. The calcium sensitivity of two highly purified actin-binding proteins, the 90K human platelet protein and villin was compared using 125I-actin. The platelet 90K protein binds actin at less than 10(-7) M free calcium, but detectable binding to villin does not occur below 10(-6) M free calcium. The ubiquity of these actin-binding proteins is clear and we conclude that the calcium-sensitive 90K actin-binding protein in all of these tissues is the same as the platelet protein. PMID- 6222915 TI - Three kinds of extracellular glucosyltransferases from Streptococcus mutans 6715 (serotype g). AB - In addition to the 1,3-alpha-D-glucan synthetase (pI 4.9) and the highly-branched 1,6-alpha-D-glucan synthetase (pI 3.9-4.1), Streptococcus mutans 6715 (serotype g) was found to secrete the third glucosyltransferase in multiple forms (pI 5.5 7.0), which exhibited 87% 1,6-alpha-bond-, 6% 1,3-alpha-bond- and 7% 1,3,6-branch forming activities. The production of this enzyme was extremely enhanced when the organism was grown in Tween 80-supplemented medium. The 3 glucosyltransferases from the same organism were enzymatically and immunologically distinct from each other, and they were commonly found among the serotype g strains. PMID- 6222914 TI - The enzymatic cleavage of rhodopsin by the retinal pigment epithelium. I. Enzyme preparation, properties and kinetics: characterization of the glycopeptide product. AB - An enzyme system has been detected in the bovine retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE) which carries out the degradation of rhodopsin. The substrate for these studies was bovine rhodopsin labeled by in vitro techniques with [3H]-glucosamine or [3H]-mannose, the former being the derivative most extensively examined. Labeled rhodopsin was purified by adsorption and affinity chromatography followed by preparative isoelectric focusing. Cell-free preparations from bovine RPE cleaved rhodopsin to a single glycopeptide. The pH optimum for the reaction was about 3.5. The apparent Km for rhodopsin was about 5 microns. Rhodopsin was cleaved about 55% under saturating conditions, the limited extent of reaction due primarily to its partial inactivation for use as a substrate during the course of the reaction. Inhibition by cleavage products was not observed. Among several tissues which were examined, the RPE was the most active in rhodopsin-cleaving activity. Although stable as a crude extract, the activity of the rhodopsin cleaving enzyme, as well as the bovine serum albumin (BSA)-cleaving enzyme (cathepsin-D) were rapidly lost upon purification by DEAE-Sephacel and pepstatin Sepharose. Differences in relative specific activity among tissues as well as differential patterns of purification suggest that the rhodopsin-cleaving enzyme and the BSA-cleaving enzyme of the RPE may not be the same. Using N-retinylopsin as a substrate for the rhodopsin-cleaving enzyme, it was shown that the regions of the cleavage products containing vitamin A were not associated with the glycopeptide. Some of the properties of the product were examined. Its response to ion exchange resins, susceptibility to further cleavage by pronase, amino acid analysis, solubility properties, isoelectric point, and binding by concanavalin A (conA)-Sepharose, were consistent with the product being described as an acidic glycopeptide. The glycopeptide was reactive with the antibody prepared against bovine rhodopsin, and retained the full antigenicity of the intact molecule. This enzyme system may be one of the means whereby the RPE participates in maintaining the physiological concentration of rhodopsin which is synthesized in the retina and catabolized in the RPE. PMID- 6222916 TI - Sensitive fluorometric determination of plasminogen activator in cell lysates and supernatants. AB - A fluorogenic substrate for plasmin, CBZ-Gly-Pro-Arg-AEC, has been synthesized and used to develop a new sensitive photometric and fluorometric assay of plasminogen activator activity. The fluorescence intensity of free AEC at 460 nm is about 3 orders of magnitude higher than that of acyl-AEC. The release of AEC from the peptidyl derivative was monitored fluorometrically after extraction of free AEC in ethylacetate. Under such conditions, the Km was 0.16 mM. This method was used to monitor the activity of plasminogen activator synthetized by fibroblastic cells (BHK 21 C 13) either released in the supernatants or cell associated. PMID- 6222917 TI - Three catalytic sites in mitochondrial ATPase. AB - Kinetic data obtained after determining the hydrolytic activity of ATPase from rat liver in preparations where the enzyme had been purified, or in mitochondria, strongly suggest the existence of three different catalytic sites with different affinity for the substrate. The results obtained when measuring the ATPase activity at different substrate concentrations, and in the presence of the inhibitors KOCN or KSCN, or of the activators dinitrophenol and bicarbonate, show that the binding of these compounds to a regulatory site or sites affects in a different degree the hydrolytic activity of each catalytic site. PMID- 6222918 TI - The occurrence of two novel N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activities in human serum. PMID- 6222919 TI - Hemodynamics and other determinants in development of left ventricular hypertrophy. AB - Evidence is abundant supporting the premise that left ventricular hypertrophy in hypertension is related primarily to the hemodynamic factor of the increased left ventricular afterload associated with the disease. However, evidence is rapidly accumulating that additional, nonhemodynamic factors are associated not only with development of left ventricular hypertrophy but also with its regression that is related to antihypertensive therapy. Included among these mechanisms are humoral factors, including a variety of participating (or inhibited) circulating pressor mechanisms (e.g., angiotensin, catecholamines); sexual factors; aging; racial factors; and the role of obesity and coexisting diseases. Precisely how each factor is translated into the biochemical events associated with development of hypertrophy remains to be clarified, as do the explanatory mechanisms of why certain depressor agents produce regression of ventricular hypertrophy, whereas other agents with more salutary hemodynamic effects do not. This paper discusses the rationale and evidence underlying each of these factors. PMID- 6222920 TI - Biochemical aspects of cardiac hypertrophy. AB - Cardiac hypertrophy is a basic adaptive response to increased functional demands on the heart. The mechanisms regulating protein synthesis and energetic efficiency in the hypertrophying myocardium have important implications for the pump performance of the heart. Although our knowledge of the initial steps in the transduction of hypertrophic stimuli to increased RNA and protein synthesis is scanty, progress is being made in elucidating the control of nuclear RNA synthesis in the normal and hypertrophied myocardium. It is expected that application to the myocyte of recently acquired knowledge about growth control in other cell systems will lead to new concepts with potential clinical relevance. PMID- 6222921 TI - The role of laparoscopic adhesiolysis in an in vitro fertilization program. AB - Adhesiolysis was evaluated in 82 women who had 129 laparoscopies for in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET). Fifty-five women (67%) had lysis during the first laparoscopic attempt, and 20 of the 129 laparoscopies (16%) required lysis for identification and aspiration of follicles. In 11 women who had a second laparoscopy, 69% of the ovaries had improved access. With the use of laparoscopic lysis, only 3 of 82 women (4%) had insufficient ovarian access, preventing recovery of at least one oocyte. The findings support the efficacy of laparoscopic adhesiolysis and indicate that it has an important role in a program of IVF-ET in assuring initial access for oocyte recovery and in improving access for subsequent attempts. PMID- 6222922 TI - Human leukocyte antigens group A in couples with unexplained infertility. AB - The human leukocyte antigen (HLA) frequencies and antigen sharing were studied in 14 couples with unexplained infertility. There were no significant differences in the frequency of HLA-A, B, C, or DR antigens, as compared with normal control subjects. Furthermore, the degree of HLA sharing did not deviate from that theoretically expected. An increased frequency of HLA-DR sharing, as compared with the expected frequency, was observed in a control group consisting of parents of children with leukemia. When infertile spouses were tested for mixed lymphocyte culture reactivity, there were no indications of an altered reactivity, as compared with control subjects. PMID- 6222923 TI - [Occupationally-induced contact eczema by tylosin (Tylan)]. PMID- 6222924 TI - Failures of laparoscopic sterilization by Hulka-Clemens clips. PMID- 6222925 TI - Effect of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate on Ca2+-stimulated adenosine triphosphatase activity in microsomes of rat submandibular gland in vitro. AB - 1. The Ca2+-ATPase activity in microsomes of rat submandibular gland was inhibited by pyridoxal 5'-phosphate in vitro. 2. The dissociation constant of the enzyme-pyridoxal 5'-phosphate complex was estimated to be 6.5 mM. 3. The inhibition of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate for both ATP and Ca2+ was competitive. 4. The order of inhibitory effectiveness of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate analogs was pyridoxal 5'-phosphate greater than pyridoxal HCl greater than pyridoxamine 5' phosphate greater than pyridoxamine HCl. 5. The enzyme-pyridoxal 5'-phosphate complex was nonreducible with sodium borohydride. PMID- 6222926 TI - A study of the heat-shock response in Neurospora crassa. AB - 1. Neurospora crassa was grown at 28 degrees C for 12 hr and transferred to higher temperatures for 2 hr. 2. Cultures labelled with [35S]methionine showed the synthesis of several new proteins in response to heat-shock at 46 to 48 degrees C. 3. Major polypeptides of approximate Mr 105,000, 99,000, 78,000, 43,000 and 23,000 were detectable in one-dimensional SDS-polyacrylamide slab gel electropherograms. 4. 2-D analysis using isoelectric-focussing in the first dimension and electrophoresis in SDS-polyacrylamide gels in the second led to the resolution of some of the heat-induced polypeptide into multiple spots differing in pI values. 5. mRNA from heat-shocked cells was translated poorly in Wheat Germ extract and rabbit reticulocyte lysate in vitro translation systems. PMID- 6222927 TI - Glucosyl and galactosyl transferase activities of diabetic (db/db) and obese (ob/ob) mice kidneys. AB - 1. Glucosyl and galactosyl activities were determined in kidney cortex tissue prepared from two strains of mice, genetically diabetic and obese mice. 2. These activities were measured as a function of ageing between 6 weeks and 13 months. 3. For both strains glucosyl transferase activity was shown to increase with respect to ageing whereas galactosyl transferase activity decreased at the same time. 4. These changes of enzymatic activities would suggest that a smaller increase of hydroxylysine-linked glycans than expected was observed under these pathological conditions. PMID- 6222928 TI - Nuclear proteins of tumors. PMID- 6222929 TI - The interaction of heparin with human plasmin. AB - 1. The interaction of heparin with human plasmin was investigated measuring plasmin activity and enzyme inactivation in the presence of heparin. Hydrolysis of synthetic substrates (H-D-Val-Leu-Lys-pNA, H-D-Val-Phe-Lys-pNA and H-D-Pro-Phe Lys-pNA) by plasmin was enhanced by heparin through an increase in kcat values. 2. This effect was the consequence of a change of Vmax since Km values were not altered in the presence of heparin. The polysaccharide also enhanced the rate of enzyme inactivation using TLCK as an active site blocking reagent. 3. Furthermore, heparin increased the heat sensitivity of plasmin, when synthetic substrate H-D-Val-Leu-Lys-pNA was used but it did not affect enzyme activity towards N-benzoyl-L-arginine-ethylester substrate. 4. The data show that microenvironmental conformation around the active center of plasmin is influenced by heparin. PMID- 6222930 TI - Long-acting progestins--promise and prospects. PMID- 6222931 TI - Nonenzymatic glycosylation reduces the susceptibility of fibrin to degradation by plasmin. AB - The effect of nonenzymatic glycosylation on the susceptibility of fibrin to degradation by the specific fibrinolytic enzyme plasmin was evaluated using both a fibrin plate assay and a fluorogenic synthetic plasmin substrate assay. Data from both types of experiments demonstrate that nonenzymatic glycosylation reduces the susceptibility of fibrin to plasmin degradation. Acetylation and carbamylation have qualitatively similar effects, indicating that chemical modification of lysine amino groups is the underlying phenomenon responsible for the observed degradative defect produced by glucose. Experimental conditions that increased the rate of nonenzymatic protein glycosylation (higher monosaccharide concentration, glucose-6-phosphate) were associated with correspondingly greater degrees of resistance to degradation by plasmin. Such reduced degradation of nonenzymatically glycosylated proteins in vivo may contribute to the accumulation of fibrin and several other proteins observed in those tissues most frequently affected by the complications of diabetes. PMID- 6222932 TI - Relation between aided synthetic sentence identification scores and hearing aid user satisfaction. AB - Satisfaction with hearing aid use was surveyed in 78 subjects who had been evaluated for hearing aid use by formal speech audiometric measures (synthetic sentence identification). At -10 dB message-to-competition ratio, synthetic sentence identification performance was an average 30% better in satisfied than in dissatisfied users. PMID- 6222933 TI - National study could help beat back injury. PMID- 6222934 TI - [Osteogenesis imperfecta in internal pathology: presentation of a clinical case and a review of the literature]. PMID- 6222935 TI - Postoperative pathology of congenital heart disease. I. Complete atrio ventricular canal. AB - The postoperative pathology observed in 17 patients with complete atrioventricular canal, who died following total correction is described. In 3 patients, in whom valve replacement was necessary, the death was due to late prosthetic dysfunction. Out of 14 patients who underwent plastic repair, 4 died from undetected residual cardiac anomalies, which in 2 cases were associated with pulmonary obstructive vascular disease, 3 from unexplained myocardial infarction, 3 from inadequate postoperative care and 4 from pulmonary obstructive vascular disease which presented as an isolated finding. An analysis of the incidence of pulmonary obstructive vascular disease in these patients disclosed that it can develop before one year of age in some patients with Down syndrome. PMID- 6222936 TI - Isolation and characterization of light-insensitive mutants of Neurospora crassa. AB - As part of a genetic analysis of blue light photoreception in Neurospora, three mutants were isolated that do not exhibit photosuppression of circadian conidiation, i.e., they show periodic conidiation in constant light. The mutations have been given the designations lis-1, lis-2 and lis-3 ("light insensitive"). The three mutations segregate as single nuclear genes, are nonallelic and are recessive to wild type in heterokaryon tests. The linkage groups of the mutations are as follows: lis-1, I; lis-2, VI; and lis-3, V. The light -insensitive phenotype of the mutants is restricted to the photosuppression response; other responses such as photoinduced phase shifting of the conidiation rhythm and photoinduced carotenogenesis are not altered. The physiological or biochemical defects of the mutants have not been established, but they are not similar to previous reported cases (i.e., rib and poky) in which a reduction in light sensitivity has been observed. PMID- 6222937 TI - [Population and familial incidence of orofacial anomalies considered microforms of cleft lip and palate]. AB - This paper presents the results and analysis of the distribution frequencies of orofacial features in a population and among the relatives of 325 probands with cleft lip and palate. Our results indicate that some of the features (diastema, nostril asymmetry and others) are more frequent in the relatives of children with clefting than in a general population. These studies suggest that several minor clinical conditions in parents may be important for medico-genetical consultations. PMID- 6222938 TI - Production and modification of Mu (G-) phage particles in E. coli K12 and Erwinia. PMID- 6222939 TI - [Optimal criteria and the setting of body weight standards]. PMID- 6222940 TI - [Experience with the combined use of reflexotherapy and drugs in the individual manifestations of cadmium poisoning]. PMID- 6222941 TI - [Deontology of the health officer]. PMID- 6222942 TI - [Physical training of students in the work semester]. PMID- 6222943 TI - [Visual function of pupils of the general schools of Kirovsk (in the Arctic)]. PMID- 6222945 TI - [Cancer morbidity in workers engaged in vinyl chloride and polyvinyl chloride manufacturing]. PMID- 6222944 TI - [Acceptability of medroxyprogesterone acetate among medical and paramedical personnel in family planning]. PMID- 6222946 TI - [Hygienic evaluation of nutrition of workers on oil rigs in the Caspian Sea]. PMID- 6222947 TI - T-cell phenotypes in mixed leukocyte reactions and after bone marrow transplantation: are Ia-antigen on T-cells a marker for GvH reactions? PMID- 6222948 TI - Inhibition of the induction of contrasuppression by antisera against tumor associated surface antigens on methylcholanthrene-induced sarcomas. PMID- 6222949 TI - T lymphocyte subsets and autoimmune hemolytic diseases. PMID- 6222950 TI - Painful heel syndrome: rationale of diagnosis and treatment. AB - Recent developments in isotope imagery have allowed orthopaedic surgeons some insight into stress areas of the skeleton that are not readily seen on routine X rays. This X-ray imagery has been used in evaluating patients with painful heel syndrome. In 97.7% of the cases, the bone scan was positive on the side of the heel that had the pain. An X-ray technique exposing the painful heel at a 45 degree angle on the medial side with the cassette underneath the foot showed a bony condensation in many of the cases which was thought to represent a fatigue fracture. Based on these bone scans and X-ray findings, a classification system has been devised. A flow chart is described using logical progression in the diagnosis and treatment phase of this problem. PMID- 6222951 TI - [Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty in proximal subclavian stenoses]. AB - Between August 1980 and June 1982, 12 left-sided proximal subclavian stenoses were dilated with balloon catheters. The dilatation was successful in all patients. Differences in blood pressure in the arm could be demonstrated subsequently. Recurrences occurred in two patients after seven and eleven months. Follow-up of nine patients up to 24 months showed them to be symptom-free. PMID- 6222952 TI - [Computerized tomography and lung function scintigraphy in central bronchial cancer. Comparison between morphologic and functional changes]. AB - Functional scintigraphic and computer tomographic findings in 20 patients with central bronchial carcinomas were compared in order to determine to what extent functional changes correlate with morphological appearances. Computer tomography shows alterations in the bronchial system more clearly than changes in large or small pulmonary vessels. Pre-operative and subsequent scintigraphy is essential for exact determination of regional lung function. It was shown that short-lived radio-active gases, such as krypton 81, may indicate a total lack of ventilation where there is only a severe bronchial stenosis; the use of longer half-life nucleids, such as krypton 85 or xenon 133, provides good correlation with computer tomographic findings of a bronchial stenosis. PMID- 6222953 TI - [Axial and semi-axial views of the pelvis in bone scintigraphy. Technic, anatomy, limitations, possibilities]. AB - A new method of skeletal scintigraphy offering axial views of the pelvis is described. The anatomy, method of examination, limits and advantages of the axial pelvis views are given by reporting on the scintigraphic examinations (167 axial pelvis views) of 50 patients with 52 increased uptakes of the isotope in the pelvis region. The standard ventral and dorsal pelvis views represented all increased uptakes. However, when employing the axial views the localisation and extent of the tracer accumulation could be more precisely determined in 73%. In 27% no additional information was given. This new method is characterized by the opportunity of distinguishing more clearly between the increased bone uptakes and the activity in the urinary bladder. This distinction was given in 24% of increased bone uptakes in the regions of the pubic bones, the symphysis, the sacrum and the coccyx. PMID- 6222954 TI - [Pedicled focal nodular liver hyperplasia. Comparison of diagnostic methods]. PMID- 6222955 TI - [Cerebral seizures in childhood]. PMID- 6222956 TI - Biosynthesis of proteokeratan sulfate in the bovine cornea. 1) Isolation and characterization of a keratan sulfotransferase and the role of sulfation for the chain termination. PMID- 6222957 TI - Biosynthesis of proteokeratan sulfate in the bovine cornea. 2) Isolation of subcellular membrane fragments from bovine cornea cells with keratan sulfate synthesizing activity. AB - Cornea cells were isolated from bovine corneae after collagenase treatment. Subcellular fragments were fractionated by density gradient centrifugation. The density gradient run was monitored by determination of the marker enzyme activities for mitochondria, plasma membranes, lysosomes and endoplasmatic reticulum, of the enzyme activities involved in keratan sulfate synthesis and of the protein content. The fractions were further investigated by electron microscopy. Two membrane fractions with keratan sulfate-synthesizing activity (UDP-N-acetylglucosamine:keratan-N-acetylglucosaminyl-transferase, UDPgalactose:keratan galactosyltransferase and keratan sulfotransferase) were detected: a heavy fraction separated from the other organells investigated and a light fraction exhibiting the same density as plasma membranes. The activities of the three enzymes were found in the same density gradient fractions with a similar distribution pattern between the fractions, which suggests a joint localization of these 3 enzymes at the same intracellular sites. PMID- 6222958 TI - Methods for the preparation of purified granulopoiesis-inhibiting factor (chalone). AB - This paper describes in some detail methods which may be useful for the preparation of chalone-like granulopoietic inhibitor(s). Details are given for a) preparation of crude starting material from various sources, b) primary extraction and crude fractionation techniques, c) gel chromatography, d) anion exchange chromatography, and e) thiol-binding chromatography. Possibilities for the chromatographic use of marker substances are discussed and methods for obtaining the factor in radioactively labeled form are given. Some of the stability problems encountered during working and storage of granulopoiesis inhibiting factor (GIF) are discussed. The purpose of this paper is to provide simple chemical techniques for the purification of GIF for investigators with mainly biological interests. PMID- 6222959 TI - Reducing childhood disability in the 80s. AB - Childhood disability is now known to be a major public health problem throughout the world. It is estimated that in 1975 about 10 percent of the world's 1.4 billion children suffered from one or more disabilities. The authors discuss the patterns and causes of childhood disability from an international perspective and outline a number of factors that will continue to influence the incidence of disability in the 1980s. They conclude by suggesting several strategies for change, both national and international in nature, to help prevent disability and to care for disabled children. PMID- 6222960 TI - Hemoptysis, cough, and syncope in an obese woman with a prosthetic valve. PMID- 6222961 TI - Morphology of the heart in hypertrophy. AB - Cardiac hypertrophy involves not only an increase in heart size but progressive, initially subtle, structural changes in muscle cells. The ability to describe these changes in detail has contributed greatly to our understanding of their possible functional significance. Structural and functional correlations in the evolving progression of cardiac hypertrophy are examined. PMID- 6222963 TI - Human chromosomal polymorphism. VI. Chromosomal Q polymorphism in Turkmen of the Kara-Kum desert of Central Asia. AB - Chromosomal Q polymorphism was studied in 116 Turkmen, aboriginals of the Kara Kum desert of Central Asia. Propylquinacrine mustard was used as fluorochrome. Of the 116 subjects aged 16-20 years, 109 (94.0%) were found to have Q-polymorphic variants, while seven (6.0%) showed complete absence of Q bands with fluorescence levels 4 and 5. There was a total of 351 polymorphic Q bands, 0-7 per individual, with a mean of 3.0 in the population. No differences between sexes were observed in the frequency of Q bands. The observed homo- and heteromorph frequencies proved to be in complete agreement with those predicted by the law of Hardy Weinberg. Chromosome 3 with pericentric inversion of the Q-heterochromatin band was found in two (1.7%) of the 116 subjects. The following questions were examined: (1) the possible selective value of chromosomal Q-heterochromatin material in the adaptation of human populations to extreme environmental factors, in particular to the desert climate; (2) intraracial heterogeneity in Europoids of Eurasia; (3) the taxonomic value of Q polymorphism in ethnic anthropology. PMID- 6222962 TI - Regional assignment of the human gene for platelet-type phosphofructokinase (PFKP) to chromosome 10p: novel use of polyspecific rodent antisera to localize human enzyme genes. AB - Human phosphofructokinase (PFK; EC 2.7.1.11) is under the control of three structural loci which encode muscle-type (M), liver-type (L), and platelet or fibroblast-type (P) subunits; human diploid fibroblasts and leukocytes express all three loci. In order to assign the human PFKP locus to a specific human chromosome, in this study, we have examined ten human X rodent somatic cell hybrids for the expression of human P subunits using a mouse anti-human P subunit specific antiserum in an active-enzyme-immunoprecipitation technique. In nine of ten hybrids studied, the expression of the PFKP locus segregated concordantly with chromosome 10 and none other, indicating that PFKP is located on chromosome 10; the discordancy rates for all the other chromosomes were 0.2 or greater. In the one discordant hybrid, only the long arm of chromosome 10 was retained and PFKP was not expressed. Human fibroblasts from a patient with duplication of the short arm of chromosome 10 consistently exhibited PFK activity values 180% of normal. These data indicate that human PFKP is located on the short arm of chromosome 10, and that a gene dosage effect is demonstrable in fibroblasts with a duplication of 10p. The use of rodent antihuman antibody combined with immunoprecipitation aided by staphylococci-bearing protein A may find general application in mapping human enzyme genes, when human and rodent gene-products are not distinguishable by other means. PMID- 6222964 TI - Severe acute poisoning from the ingestion of a permanent wave solution of mercuric chloride. AB - 1 A woman developed severe mercury intoxication from ingestion of about 2.5 g of mercuric chloride. 2 Antidotal treatment with a dithiol (BAL i.m.) and a monothiol (tiopronin i.v.) was started promptly. 3 Dialysis treatment thereafter markedly increased the elimination of mercury, thus hastening recovery. 4 It is suggested that chelating agents associated with dialysis are an effective treatment for mercury poisoning. PMID- 6222965 TI - C3b acceptors on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells; characterization and functional role. AB - C3b acceptors (C3bAs) of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) reacting with the labile binding site of nascent C3b(C3bx) have been investigated by the immune adherence (IA) test. In non-cellular systems some conventional chemical groups (OH-, NH-2) have been reported to be the target of the covalent binding of C3bx. Thus it should be assumed that every cell can fix C3bx via its labile binding site and C3bAs are barely saturable. Contrary to this expectation, however, normal human PBMC were found to be heterogeneous from this point of view, as 57 +/- 4% of B cells and 21 +/- 2% of Null cells possess C3bAs while T cells do not. C3bAs of human PBMC are saturable and trypsin-sensitive structures. The covalent nature of the C3bx-C3bA interaction has also been proved. Studying the effect of acceptor-bound C3b on the function of other cell-surface structures, the inhibition of the Fc gamma receptor function and the abolishment of the enhancement of pokeweed mitogen-stimulated blastogenesis by immune complexes were found. PMID- 6222967 TI - Effects of administration of exogeneous steroid hormones on ovary of immature chicks. PMID- 6222966 TI - Regulation of timothy grass pollen IgE antibody formation. I. In-vitro induction of suppressor T cells by soluble T suppressor factors. AB - A method using mini-Marbrook chambers in culturing normal spleen cells with timothy-specific T suppressor factor TSF and second order T suppressor factor TSF2 to induce suppressor T (TS) cells is described. Spleen cells cultured with T suppressor factors injected intravenously into recipients primed 20 days earlier with antigen and boosted with antigen within 24 hr of cell transfer, significantly suppress a secondary anti-antigen-B (AgB)-IgE response. On the other hand, spleen cells cultured with normal rabbit IgG failed to suppress the secondary anti-AgB-IgE response in recipient mice. The failure of enriched T cells cultured with either TSF or TSF2 to produce TS cells suggest that an accessory cell may be important in 'presentation' of these soluble factors during the induction of TS cells. PMID- 6222968 TI - Relationship of phosphoglucomutase in postmortem blood with time since and cause of death. PMID- 6222969 TI - Scanning electron microscopic studies of the ultrastructure of Jack stone calculi. PMID- 6222970 TI - Nifedipine in the long-term management of hypertensive heart disease. AB - Left ventricular (LV) hemodynamics, LV muscle mass, and LV geometry of 28 spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) treated for 20, 40, and 60 weeks with nifedipine (30 mg/kg/day) were compared with those of 29 age-matched untreated SHR. LV Pressure (PLV), systolic wall stress (Tsyst), ejection fraction (EF), cardiac index (CI), the ratio of LV muscle mass to body weight (LV/BW) and the ratio of LV muscle mass to end-diastolic volume (M/V) were determined. Myocardial contractility was analyzed through studies of the isolated LV papillary muscle. After 60 weeks of nifedipine treatment, PLV was 32.2% and Tsyst 22.9% lower in the treated group compared to the untreated control group (PLV 116 vs 171 mm Hg; Tsyst 165 vs 214 10(3)dyn/cm2). The degree of LV hypertrophy as indicated by LV/BW (-14%) and M/V (-21%) was less after treatment. LV pumping performance was considerably improved (EF = from 54% to 61%; Cl = from 175 to 220 ml/kg), whereas myocardial contractility indices such as maximum isotonic shortening velocity and isometric tension development remained unchanged. Thus, nifedipine reduced cardiac hypertrophy and improved LV function. These effects seem to result from a reduction in LV afterload. PMID- 6222971 TI - Effect of nitrendipine on coronary flow and ventricular hypertrophy in hypertension. PMID- 6222972 TI - Calcium blockade in arterial hypertension. Review. AB - The use of calcium blockers in arterial hypertension is based on experimental evidence for an altered role of calcium (Ca++) in hypertensive vascular smooth muscle and enhanced vasodilatatory effects of these drugs in the hypertensive organism. Both verapamil and nifedipine reduce blood pressure acutely and on chronic administration. Acute administration results in reflex-activated increments of heart rate, plasma renin activity, and plasma catecholamines after nifedipine, whereas these effects are less conspicuous after verapamil. Acute diuretic, natriuretic, and uricosuric effects can be demonstrated. On repeated administration of nifedipine, a degree of tolerance develops and on long-term administration it may be necessary to combine it with a beta-adrenoceptor blocker and a diuretic. In animal experiments, calcium blockers have shown favorable effects on hypertensive cardiovascular structural changes, but such unique beneficial effects remain to be demonstrated in the human disease. PMID- 6222974 TI - Prevalence of physically handicapped in an urban slum community detected through different categories of health personnel (survey methods). PMID- 6222973 TI - Treatment of hypertension with calcium antagonists. Review. AB - Calcium channel blockers have a selective action on the cardiovascular system. They reduce the energy requirement of the heart, reduce vascular smooth muscle tone, and increase systemic blood flow. Vasodilatation occurs in both the systemic and the pulmonary systems to an extent proportional to the baseline level of vascular resistance, and results in reduction of blood pressure when it is elevated. Thus, these blockers are useful in patients with high blood pressure. Clinical experience of calcium channel blockers in hypertension is so far confined almost exclusively to verapamil and nifedipine. This article reviews the advantages and limitations of these two compounds, their acute hemodynamic effects in hypertensive subjects, and their use in the treatment of hypertensive emergencies, hypertensive encephalopathy, and pheochromocytoma, and as ventricular afterload reducing agents in hypertensive left ventricular failure. Similarities in the effects of nifedipine on systemic and pulmonary vascular tone are presented as evidence that altered intracellular Ca++ concentration is involved in the vasoconstriction seen in both systems in systemic high blood pressure. They also provide support for the hypothesis that inappropriate Ca++ handling may be involved in maintaining elevated blood pressure in human hypertension. PMID- 6222977 TI - Down's syndrome. PMID- 6222976 TI - Surface receptors for IgG and complement on equine alveolar macrophages. AB - Isolated equine alveolar macrophages obtained by bronchopulmonary lavage of four live ponies demonstrated surface receptors for equine IgG, equine IgM, and complement-coated sheep red blood cells, but not equine IgM or complement-coated erythrocytes alone. In addition, demonstration of IgG receptors was found to depend on the level of erythrocyte sensitization and could not be demonstrated by red blood cell rosetting techniques at low levels of sensitization. Demonstration of receptors for equine complement by red cell rosetting techniques required the presence of both IgM antibody and serum derived (complement) components. This is the first such study of receptors on equine alveolar macrophages. PMID- 6222975 TI - Modulation of neutrophil Fc and C3b receptors. Relationship with the phagocytic process and activation of the respiratory burst. PMID- 6222979 TI - [What to do with an epileptic patient]. PMID- 6222978 TI - Genetic tylosis in three siblings. PMID- 6222980 TI - The decline in the Blue Cross Plan admission rate: four explanations. AB - Between 1968 and 1979, there occurred a steady decrease in the hospital admission rate for Blue Cross Plan members, in contrast to the steady increase in the admission rate for the under-65 U.S. population as a whole. Four general factors were studied to explore the reasons for this relative decrease: utilization control and cost containment activities instituted by Blue Cross Plans, the decline in Plan nongroup membership, duplicate coverage within families, and deficiencies in the family factor technique to estimate overall Plan membership. With some interesting exceptions within one of the factors, all four offer plausible explanations for the decline in the admission rate among Blue Cross Plan members. PMID- 6222981 TI - The Hospital Capitation Payment Project: new incentives and tools for cost containment. AB - Blue Cross of North Dakota, Blue Cross of Massachusetts, and the Blue Cross and Blue Shield Association, along with 10 hospitals, developed and implemented the Hospital Capitation Payment Project as a novel approach for containing escalating hospital costs. The hospital is paid a prospective, fixed amount for each person covered; in exchange, it assumes responsibility to provide or pay for all covered services needed by that individual. This responsibility extends to payment for covered care provided by other hospitals. The new tools and incentives created by the program, notably an innovative management information system, are designed to help hospitals better manage the health care needs and related costs of a defined population. PMID- 6222982 TI - The INSURE Project on Lifecycle Preventive Health Services: cost containment issues. AB - The INSURE Project on Lifecycle Preventive Health Services (LPHS) is a three-year feasibility study to determine whether preventive health services can be implemented in the primary medical care setting as a covered health insurance benefit and what the short-term behavioral effects will be on physicians and their patients. Thus far, the negotiated reasonable and customary fees that have been paid are lower than anticipated. Patients have expressed a willingness to pay extra for preventive care insurance coverage if it were available. The positive reactions of providers and consumers and the reasonable cost of LPHS may prove to be more crucial than broader cost containment issues in determining the extent of health insurance coverage for preventive care in the future. PMID- 6222983 TI - Community Programs for Affordable Health Care. AB - Communities throughout the nation increasingly face the critical problem of rising health care costs, which may eventually threaten access to care for segments of the population and the stability of essential health care institutions. The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, with the co-sponsorship of the American Hospital Association and the Blue Cross and Blue Shield Association, created Community Programs for Affordable Health Care to provide support to selected communities that recognize the problem and are able to mobilize community leadership to seek solutions. These communities will develop and implement demonstration programs designed to reduce significantly the rate of increase in their communities' health care expenditures while protecting access to services. PMID- 6222984 TI - The Providence Plan: prepaid health care for a voluntarily enrolled population. AB - In July 1979, Oregon Physicians' Service and Providence Medical Center (PMC) entered into a contract that established the Providence Plan, a prepaid health care delivery system. The most innovative feature of the plan is the method of paying for hospital service: PMC is paid a prospectively fixed amount per enrolled person per month to cover the total costs of hospital inpatient and outpatient care. From this capitation-based fund, PMC pays other hospitals for services it cannot provide directly. The Providence Plan marks the first cooperative effort in Portland between a single hospital, its active medical staff, and an insuring organization for the organization and operation of a fully functioning health care delivery system in competition with existing formal and informal delivery systems. PMID- 6222985 TI - Research on competition in the market for health services: problems and prospects. AB - The dramatic and continuing rise in price levels and aggregate expenditures for health services has led many researchers to conclude that, for a variety of reasons, there are insufficient competitive forces present to permit this market to function properly. One solution under consideration is the introduction of stronger competitive forces into the market for health services to restore appropriate incentives to consumers and providers. This paper identifies research needs and develops recommendations for critical research that would provide indications to policy makers of the potential effects and possible consequences of implementing various procompetitive approaches under consideration. PMID- 6222986 TI - A reexamination of the use of physician services: the role of physician-initiated demand. AB - Most studies of the use of physician services have focused on characteristics of the patient to explain variations in use. This study employed data from the National Medical Care Expenditure Survey to analyze differences in the use of physicians for ambulatory care and the extent to which these differences were attributable to the physician, the patient, or both. Where differences in patients' out-of-pocket expenses and the physician/population ratio existed, physicians proved to be the sole source of utilization differences. Overall, physicians were found to be motivated primarily by medical rather than financial concerns. PMID- 6222987 TI - All-RN model of nursing care delivery: a cost-benefit evaluation. AB - The proponents of the primary model of nursing, in which a single nurse bears direct and indirect responsibility for a given number of patients during their hospital stay, suggest that both nurse and patient stand to gain from this system of service delivery. In this study, an all-RN model of delivery was compared with a team model and a modular model. The study was carefully designed to control for the quantity and quality of nurses in all three models. The study found no appreciable differences among the three models in the quality of care delivered. The all-RN model, however, was found to be more costly than the other two models. PMID- 6222988 TI - Physician distribution in a predominantly rural state: predictors and trends. AB - The present study examined changes in physician distribution across time in a predominantly rural state to determine the generalizability of national studies of physician distribution. Contrary to recent national findings, decreases in the population/physician ratio occurred only for counties having populations greater than 25,000. When county population was controlled for by entering it hierarchically as the first predictor in the regression analysis, number of applicants to medical school from a county was the only consistently significant predictor of physician distribution. PMID- 6222989 TI - Pharmacological modulation of suppressor cell activity in mice with disseminated histoplasmosis. AB - Indomethacin and cyclophosphamide (CY) were used in an attempt to modify the suppressive effects of spleen cell populations from mice with disseminated histoplasmosis at 1 week of infection. In vitro addition of indomethacin did not alter the depressed plaque-forming cell response to sheep erythrocytes of normal spleen cells cocultured with unfractionated or nylon wool-fractionated spleen cells from infected mice. Likewise, indomethacin given intraperitoneally did not enhance the subnormal in vivo plaque-forming cell response of spleen cells from infected mice. Conversely, 20 mg of CY per kg given intraperitoneally 2 days before or 6 h after the inoculation with Histoplasma capsulatum partially reversed the suppression effected by splenic T cells (nylon wool passed) in vitro, whereas 50 mg of CY per kg given intraperitoneally 6 h after the injection of H. capsulatum ablated suppressor T cell activity in vitro; neither dosage of CY altered the suppression mediated by unseparated or nylon wool-adherent spleen cells. Furthermore, the administration of 50 mg of CY per kg failed to improve the depressed footpad responses of mice infected for 1 week to sheep erythrocytes in sheep erythrocyte-sensitized mice or to histoplasmin. These findings indicate that in experimental disseminated histoplasmosis, suppression effected by splenic T cells can be alleviated by CY; however, there is a persistent immunosuppressor mechanism(s) that cannot be counteracted by either indomethacin or CY. PMID- 6222990 TI - Suppression of adoptive antituberculosis immunity by normal recipient animals. AB - Adoptive immunity is poorly expressed in normal syngeneic mice. This phenomenon was studied by using experimental antituberculosis immunity as a model system representing pure cell-mediated immunity. Expression of adoptive immunity was facilitated by pretreating recipients with sublethal ionizing radiation (500 rads) or high doses (200 mg/kg) of cyclophosphamide or by using adult thymectomized, lethally irradiated, bone-marrow-reconstituted (TXB) mice. Adult thymectomy was less effective, and a low dose of cyclophosphamide (20 mg/kg) was completely ineffective. The beneficial effect of sublethal irradiation was reduced over time; it persisted for 4 weeks and was absent after 8 weeks. Attempts to restore the suppressed state of normal mice to sublethally irradiated mice by using normal spleen or thymus cells did not succeed. Even in rats, which express adoptive antituberculosis immunity without immunosuppressive treatment, the use of sublethally irradiated or TXB recipients potentiated adoptive immunity. It was concluded that suppression of adoptive immunization in normal recipient mice is mediated predominantly, if not exclusively, by T lymphocytes that are sensitive to a number of immunosuppressive agents. The suppressor cells are long-lived and can be regenerated from precursors that are resistant to 500 but not to 900 rads of ionizing radiation. PMID- 6222991 TI - Hepatitis B vaccine: further studies in children with previously acquired hepatitis B surface antigenemia. AB - Three doses of inactivated hepatitis B vaccine were given at 1-month intervals to 31 hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-positive Senegalese children aged between 3 and 24 months. A control group of 18 HBsAg-positive Senegalese children received diphtheria-tetanus-polio vaccine. Immunization of HBsAg-positive infants with hepatitis B vaccine was safe but inefficient. After a 12-month follow-up, the prevalence of HBsAg chronic carriers was not significantly reduced in the hepatitis B vaccine group as compared with the control group: 48.4 and 66.7%, respectively. The presence of hepatitis B antigen was found to be a major risk factor for HBsAg-positive children to develop a chronic carrier state. The risk of developing an HBsAg chronic carrier state was also related to advancing age at time of enrollment in the study. PMID- 6222993 TI - Religion, physical disabilities, and life satisfaction in older age cohorts. AB - Concern here is with the relationship between religious affiliation and life satisfaction. Past research points to religion as an important factor in adjustment of the aged. However, there have been contradictory findings on aging and church attendance. Church attendance patterns are examined in relation to aging and personal adjustment. The intervening variable of the elderly person's physical disabilities is offered as an explanation for declining church attendance with age. PMID- 6222992 TI - Combined effect of noise and dimethylformamide on the rat myocardium. PMID- 6222994 TI - Assessment of stenoses in coronary angioplasty. Inter- and intraobserver variability. AB - Three observers twice assessed coronary artery lesions of 10 patients in three oblique views using the films obtained before, immediately after, and six months after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. In order to improve accuracy of the interpretation, the stenoses were traced from the cine projector and the diameters measured with a calibrated magnifying glass. Interobserver and intraobserver variability of the commonly used method assessing only the projection showing the most severe stenosis was compared to that of a method assessing the mean of three projections. The interobserver coefficients of variation were 7.0% for using the one projection showing the most severe stenosis and 6.4% for using the mean of three projections (not significant). The intraobserver coefficient of variation was significantly reduced from 16.0 to 10.5% (P less than 0.0001) by using the mean of three projections. The assessment of three projections instead of one justifies the additional time needed by significantly increasing assessment reliability which is of great importance in evaluating and comparing anatomical results of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. PMID- 6222996 TI - The bioavailability of an orally administered medroxyprogesterone acetate suspension. AB - The relative bioavailability of an orally administered aqueous suspension of medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) intended for intramuscular injection (Depo Provera) was determined in relation to orally administered tablets. Serum levels of MPA were determined by radioimmunoassay following the administration of 400-mg doses to 19 adult male volunteers in a crossover design after an overnight fast. The two treatments were judged bioequivalent based upon a comparison of the resultant MPA serum levels and the derived bioavailability parameters. Hence, the intramuscular suspension administered orally offers an alternative means of achieving optimal serum levels of MPA in patients requiring high dose therapy. PMID- 6222995 TI - Clinical experience in the treatment of complicated urinary tract infection with different doses of moxalactam (lamoxactam). AB - Moxalactam disodium underwent phase II evaluation to determine its efficacy, safety, and tolerance in the treatment of complicated urinary tract infections (UTI). Bacteriologic cultures of a clean midstream urine specimen were made and antibiotic sensitivities determined by FDA standard disk testing. Urinalysis and cultures were performed on specimens obtained within 24 h of starting therapy, on the 3rd or 4th day, and the last day of treatment, and again 5-9 days later. Whenever possible a urine sample was obtained 4-6 weeks after therapy in an attempt to measure recurrence of infection. Duration of treatment ranged from 8 to 21 days. Patients were assigned to one of the three treatment groups in chronological order at entry: group I = 2 g single daily dose i.v.; group II = divided dose of 1.0 g i. m.; and group III = single daily dose of 1 g i. m. A total of 122 patients with 129 pathogens entered the study; all completed the protocol. Of 129 pathogens 85 were eliminated. The success rate of about 70% in the three different treatment groups showed no significant difference. In 12 cases the pathogen disappeared while the patient was on treatment but recurred during the post-therapy period. In 28 patients reinfection with a new pathogen, mainly Enterococcus, occurred. There were four therapeutic failures in which the pathogen was not eliminated during any time of treatment. The organisms were either persistent or resistant. In conclusion, moxalactam is highly effective in treating complicated UTIs even at a relatively low dose. We observed no significant difference between the three different treatment protocols used. The only major problem encountered was that Enterococcus is typically resistant to moxalactam, a problem of clinical relevance, particularly in cases of reinfections. PMID- 6222997 TI - Symptomatic and asymptomatic spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis in young adults. AB - The lumbar spine was examined radiologically for the presence of spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis in 936 asymptomatic soldiers prior to military placement and in 662 soldiers complaining of low back pain. The overall incidence of spondylolysis was 9.7% in both groups, but bilateral spondylolysis was more prone to be associated with symptoms than a unilateral defect. In the symptomatic group the incidence of spondylolisthesis was 5.3% but only 2.2% in the asymptomatic group. The defect was seen in the oblique views only in 18.7% of the cases of spondylolysis. The precise diagnosis is important for vocational counselling and military placement. PMID- 6222998 TI - Rehabilitation following brain damage: some neurophysiological mechanisms. Physiological correlates of clinically observed changes in posture and tone following lesions of the central nervous system. AB - Extensive investigation of the role of the fusimotor system in the production of hypotonic and hypertonic disorders of posture and tone has been undertaken in humans and experimental animals. The data from human studies have usually been from indirect assessment of the fusimotor system, and results are often contradictory. Results are now available from animal studies utilizing direct recording of muscle spindle afferent discharge in a number of models of human disorder. Conditions resulting in hypotonia, e.g. cerebellar ablations, medullary pyramidotomy, VL nucleus, thalamotomy, acute spinal cord transection, and acute motor cortex ablation uniformly result in a depression of muscle spindle primary afferent discharge. Conditions resulting in hypertonia, e.g. chronic spinal cord transection and chronic motor cortex ablation, fail to show heightened muscle spindle afferent discharge, however. Rather the spindle afferent discharge returns to control levels in the models. Recovery from the hypotonic to the hypertonic state is, however, associated with significant recovery of spindle afferent function. PMID- 6222999 TI - Possible dopamine agonist properties of quipazine maleate. AB - Though quipazine is widely regarded as a relatively pure serotonergic (5-HT) agonist and has been reported to have no dopamine (DA) agonist properties, it has produced stereotyped behavior (SB) associated with DA agonist arousal of striatal DA mechanisms. Since we observed a dose-related inhibition of quipazine induced stereotypy (QISB) by a centrally acting DA antagonist (haloperidol) that could not be mimicked by a central 5-HT receptor blocking agent (methysergide), it appeared likely that QISB is mediated by striatal DA mechanisms. This was further supported by our observing that QISB could be potentiated by a subthreshold dose of the central DA agonist apomorphine. In light of this, and the presence of abnormal movements seen concomitantly with QISB that are typically produced by intrastriatal injections of 5-HT agonists, it appears that QISB is a complex phenomenon. While QISB seems to be primarily due to the stimulation of DA mechanisms, the effect of quipazine on behavior appears to be a combined result of its effects on both DA and 5-HT mechanisms. Specifically, central striatal DA receptors appear to mediate QISB per se, while serotonergic mechanisms stimulated by quipazine inhibit its further development and produce extrapyramidal-like abnormal movements. PMID- 6223000 TI - Mechanism of tumor and liver concentration of 67Ga: 67Ga binding substances in tumor tissues and liver. AB - Tumor-bearing animals were administered with 67Ga citrate and tumor homogenates, from which nuclear fraction was removed, and mitochondrial fraction of the host livers were digested with protease (pronase P). After digestion, the supernatants of the reaction mixtures were applied to a Sephadex G-100 column. Resultant eluates were analyzed for radioactivity, protein, uronic acid and sialic acids. Three peaks of radioactivity were obtained by gel filtration. The first peak eluted in the void volume contained a species whose molecular weight exceeded 40,000. The second peak consisted of substances with molecular weights of 9400 40,000. Radioactivity in the third peak was from liberated gallium-67. 67Ga in the second peak was bound to acid mucopolysaccharide and/or the sulfated carbohydrate chain of sulfated glycoprotein. It was thought that 67Ga in the first peak might be bound to some acid mucopolysaccharides. Considering the results of cellulose acetate electrophoresis, 67Ga in the second peak seemed to be bound to acid mucopolysaccharide which contained no uronic acids, and/or to the sulfated carbohydrate chain of sulfated glycoprotein. It was concluded that 67Ga was bound to the acid mucopolysaccharides and/or the sulfated carbohydrate chain of sulfated glycoprotein in tumor tissues and liver lysosomes. PMID- 6223001 TI - Spigelian hernia. PMID- 6223002 TI - Repair of large incisional hernias with Marlex Mesh. PMID- 6223003 TI - Differential distribution of opsin in the plasma membrane of frog photoreceptors: an immunocytochemical study. AB - Opsin molecules on the surface of frog photoreceptors were visualized by immunocytochemistry at the ultrastructural level. Isolated retinas were immersed in biotinyl-antibody to bovine opsin followed by avidin-ferritin conjugates. Anti opsin bound to the plasma membrane and to the surface of the most basal discs of red rod outer segments. Inner segment plasma membranes of red rod photoreceptors were devoid of anti-opsin label except for the apical plasma membrane in the region of the recently described periciliary ridge complex. The connecting cilium surface from its base at the periciliary region to the site of new disc evagination was almost free of anti-opsin binding, an observation in consonance with prior studies of thin sectioned retinas embedded in glutaraldehyde cross linked bovine serum albumin. These results indicate that the continuous plasma membrane of photoreceptors is highly polarized. Opsin, which is free to diffuse throughout the outer segment plasma membrane and along the discs, does not back diffuse onto the inner segment plasma membrane. The periciliary ridge complex and the base of the connecting cilium are possible sites of restriction of opsin mobility. This study also has provided new insight into the molecular structure of frog visual pigments. Frog green rod and cone outer and inner segment plasma membranes were not labeled by this sheep antiserum to bovine opsin. In contrast, discs of green ROS and the lamellae of some cones were labeled when these antibodies were applied to albumin embedded thin sections of frog retinas. Apparently, only internal or intramembraneous domains of green ROS and cone visual pigments were recognized by this antibody while both internal and extracellular domain(s) of red ROS opsin were reactive. PMID- 6223004 TI - Qualitative evaluation of antegrade percutaneous transluminal angioplasty by pressure waveform parameters. AB - When percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) is performed in an antegrade ("downstream") direction, intraluminal gradient measurements across the stenotic segment are not possible. Pressures recorded proximal to the lesion were evaluated for possible hemodynamic clues of changes in flow in ten consecutive patients before and after PTA. In all patients in whom the procedure was successful, the systolic pressure decreased by an average of 35 mm Hg. This decrease was not evident in the failed procedures. It is concluded that proximally recorded pressure changes can be used as an objective criterion to assess the success of PTA performed in arteries. PMID- 6223005 TI - A microradiographic study of nephrons in mercuric chloride-induced acute renal failure in the rabbit. AB - Microradiography of nephrons was performed on glutaraldehyde-perfusion-fixed kidneys from rabbits injected with mercuric chloride. Kidneys were studied at intervals after injection of the toxin and compared with controls. All mercury injected animals developed acute renal failure, determined by a rise in serum creatinine. At 6 hours, small filling defects were seen in proximal straight tubules, arising from the wall, and by 24 hours, widespread tubular obstruction was noted. By 12 hours, dilatation of Bowman's space and compression of the glomerular tuft were seen. At 18 hours, preferential channels in the glomerular capillary loops were found, and by 24 hours, there was paraglomerular shunting. No changes were noted in afferent or efferent arterioles. These findings may be related to the decreased glomerular filtration rate seen in acute nephrotoxic renal failure and suggest a role for tubular obstruction in the pathophysiology of this disorder. PMID- 6223006 TI - Percutaneous transluminal renal artery angioplasty (PTRA) in hypertensive encephalopathy. PMID- 6223007 TI - [Idiopathic chronic oral candidiasis in T-helper cell defect and heterozygote (MZ) alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency]. AB - The case of a 14-year-old girl is reported, suffering from a chronic oral candidiasis for the past 2 years. An immunologic T-cell defect was discovered: anergy in skin tests with recall antigens, negative lymphocyte stimulation tests with antigens and marked T-helper-cell depression in lymphocyte subpopulations. Thymopoietin-pentapeptide normalized the T-helper-cell number without clinical improvement. Complete remission was achieved after oral ketoconazole therapy. PMID- 6223008 TI - Problems and needs of handicapped school leavers. PMID- 6223010 TI - Specific studies on in vitro generated cytotoxic T lymphocytes directed against human target cells grown in monolayer culture. PMID- 6223009 TI - Atrial pacing in the diagnosis of ischemic heart disease. PMID- 6223011 TI - Autoradiographical demonstration of C3b receptor activity on resident peritoneal macrophages. AB - The present study was performed to evaluate the usefulness of 125I-labelled C3b bound to constituents of sheep erythrocyte membranes (125I-C3b-OR) for the demonstration of C3b receptor activity of resident peritoneal macrophages at the electron-microscopical level. The binding of 125I-C3b-OR to the cells was studied in biochemical and autoradiographical experiments. The amount of cell-associated radioactivity was dependent on the presence of unlabelled aggregated C3b (AC3b) in a dose-response manner, and diminished strongly after functional inactivation of the receptor by trypsin treatment. In addition, it was found that at 4 degrees C most of the label was associated with the cell surface. However, when the incubation temperature was raised from 4 degrees C to 37 degrees C, internalization of the label was observed. These results indicate that 125I-C3b OR is a suitable agent for further characterization of the C3b receptor-function of resident peritoneal macrophages at the electron-microscopical level. PMID- 6223012 TI - Differentiation of fiber types in skeletal muscle from the sequential inactivation of myofibrillar actomyosin ATPase during acid preincubation. AB - A method is described for identifying fiber types of skeletal muscle from several mammalian species on the basis of the sequential inactivation of myofibrillar actomyosin ATPase during acid preincubation. When this method is used in combination with the standard alkaline preincubation at least 5 types of fibers can be identified. Of these, 2 are type I fibers with those of the slow twitch soleus muscle being different from those that exist in mixed muscles. The 3 subtypes of type II fibers exist independent of their metabolic properties. The need for careful standardization of histochemical methods for the visualization of myofibrillar actomyosin ATPase and the implication of the existence of different fiber types in apparently homogeneous muscle for the preparation of antibodies used for immunocytochemical methods of fiber identification are discussed. PMID- 6223013 TI - Characterization of human umbilical cord blood lymphocyte subsets fractionated on immobilized peanut agglutinin. AB - Human cord blood mononuclear cells from single donors were separated on minicolumns of peanut agglutinin (PNA) coupled to Sepharose beads to yield two fractions: unbound cells (PNA-, 78%) that were eluted with phosphate buffered saline, and bound cells (PNA+, 22%) eluted with 0.2 M D-galactose. The total yield was 86% and the cells were fully viable. There was no enrichment for macrophages or for surface immunoglobulin positive (B) cells in either the PNA+ or PNA- subset. Only 26% of the PNA+ lymphocytes formed rosettes with sheep red blood cells, in contrast to 53% of the PNA- lymphocytes. The response of the PNA+ cells to mitogens and allogeneic stimulation was considerably lower than that of the PNA- cells, while that of the latter was higher than the response of the unseparated cells. The average ratios of response of the PNA+ to PNA- cells were 0.25 for PHA, 0.20 for concanavalin A, 0.15 for pokeweed mitogen, and 0.15 In the mixed lymphocyte reaction. when tested with monoclonal antibodies to lymphocyte surface markers, it was found that the PNA+ fraction was depleted of mature T cells and enriched in Ia positive cells. Our data show that the low reactivity of human cord blood mononuclear cells may be ascribed to the presence of a subpopulation of lymphocytes which are immunologically immature. They also provide further evidence that in humans the PNA receptor is a marker for immature T or B lymphocytes. PMID- 6223014 TI - 1982 resident's essay award: the immunologic effects of lymphoid irradiation in human and non-human primates: cellular changes and the potential for renal transplantation. PMID- 6223016 TI - The significance of measuring body fat in medical practice. PMID- 6223015 TI - Psychophysics of inspiratory muscle force. AB - The perceived magnitude of static inspiratory muscle pressure was studied in normal subjects using psychophysical techniques. The sensory magnitude of a range of inspiratory pressures increased as the magnitude of the pressure increased. When the duration of the inspiratory pressure was controlled, the sensory magnitude also increased as duration increased. The relationship can be described by a single psychophysical function, psi = k x P1.234 x t0.62, where psi is perceived magnitude, P is inspiratory pressure, t is duration, and k is a constant. Use of different muscle groups and changes in lung volume altered the perceived magnitude of static inspiratory pressures. When static inspiratory pressures were generated by the abdomen-diaphragm, the perceived magnitude was significantly greater (P less than 0.01) than when they were generated by the rib cage. When lung volume was increased, the perceived magnitude of pressure was reduced. The results show that the perceived magnitude of static inspiratory pressures is affected by the pressure itself, pressure duration, the muscles used, and the lung volume at which the pressure is generated. PMID- 6223018 TI - Another use of the laser: a new treatment for open-angle glaucoma. PMID- 6223017 TI - Treatment protocol for acute thrombophlebitis during pregnancy. PMID- 6223019 TI - "Metatarsalgia". PMID- 6223020 TI - Rapid thin layer chromatographic determination of zearalenone in corn, sorghum, and wheat. AB - A rapid method is described for determining zearalenone in corn, sorghum, and wheat. The mycotoxin is extracted with a mixture of acetonitrile and 4% KCl in HCl. The extract is cleaned up with isooctane, evaporated, and redissolved in chloroform. Zearalenone is separated by thin layer chromatography; identity is confirmed with various developing solvents and spray reagents. Zearalenone is then quantitated by the limit detection method. The minimum detectable concentration is 140-160 micrograms/kg when aluminum chloride solution is used as spray reagent, and 85-110 micrograms/kg when Fast Violet B salt is used as spray reagent. PMID- 6223021 TI - Two fep genes are required for ferrienterochelin uptake in Escherichia coli K-12. AB - Escherichia coli mutants defective in the assimilation of iron from ferrienterochelin were isolated and characterized. One mutant was able to bind ferrienterochelin to its outer membrane but could not transport it into the cell. Complementation tests with lambda hybrid phage were employed to distinguish the defective gene, which we term fepB, from fepA, the structural gene for the outer membrane ferrienterochelin receptor protein. These same physiological and genetic tests were employed to tentatively classify several previously described fep mutants as carrying either fepA or fepB. The data demonstrate the existence of fepB and provide an explanation for previous difficulties in identifying fepB mutants. PMID- 6223023 TI - Adenosine triphosphatases associated with bovine brain microtubules. I. Presence of two distinct ATPases and their partial purification. AB - Brain microtubules purified by cycles of assembly and disassembly contained an ATPase activity in the fraction of microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs). This ATPase activity was found to be stimulated by 6S tubulin in the presence of Ca2+ ions, suggesting its functional association with brain microtubules (Ihara et al. (1979) J. Biochem. 86, 587-590). On further purification by DEAE-cellulose column chromatography, two peaks of ATPase activity were separated; one, eluted at 0.2 M KCl (ATPase I), was dependent on added 6S tubulin but the other, eluted at 0.5 M KCl (ATPase II), was not. ATPase I was highly unstable but could be stabilized by the addition of 0.1 mM ADP, 50% (v/v) glycerol or 0.3 mg/ml tubulin. ATPase I was further purified by CM-cellulose column chromatography, and by gel filtration on Sephacryl S-300. Its molecular weight, estimated by gel filtration, was 33,000. ATPase II had a high molecular weight and appeared to be associated with membrane vesicles. It sedimented on glycerol density gradient centrifugation with an s value of 27S. It was purified by high speed sedimentation and hydrophobic chromatography, and was observed under an electron microscope to consist of membrane vesicles of about 70 nm in diameter containing knob-like structures similar to those of H+-pump ATPase. PMID- 6223022 TI - Sensitivity of actomyosin ATPase to calcium and strontium ions. Effect of hybrid troponins. AB - 1. Hybrid or reconstituted troponins were prepared from troponin components of rabbit skeletal muscle and porcine cardiac muscle and their effect on the actomyosin ATPase activity was measured at various concentrations of Ca2+ or Sr2+. The Ca2+ concentration required for half-maximum activation of actomyosin ATPase with troponin containing cardiac troponin I was slightly higher than that with troponin containing skeletal troponin I. The Sr2+ concentration required for half-maximum activation of actomyosin ATPase with troponin containing skeletal troponin C was higher than that with troponin containing cardiac troponin C. 2. Reconstituted cardiac troponin was phosphorylated by cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase. The Ca2+ sensitivity of actomyosin ATPase with cardiac troponin decreased upon phosphorylation of troponin I; maximum ATPase activity was depressed and the Ca2+ concentration at half-maximum activation increased. On the other hand, phosphorylation of troponin I did not change Sr2+ sensitivity. 3. The inhibitory effect of cardiac troponin I on the actomyosin ATPase activity was neutralized by increasing the amount of brain calmodulin at high Ca2+ and Sr2+ concentrations but not at low concentrations. 4. ATPase activity of actomyosin with a mixture of troponin I and calmodulin was assayed at various concentrations of Ca2+ or Sr2+. The Ca2+ or Sr2+ sensitivity of actomyosin ATPase containing skeletal troponin I was approximately the same as that of actomyosin ATPase containing cardiac troponin I. Phosphorylation of cardiac troponin I did not change the Ca2+ sensitivity of the ATPase. 5. The Ca2+ or Sr2+ concentration required for half maximum activation of actomyosin ATPase with troponin I-T-calmodulin was higher than that of actomyosin ATPase with the mixture of troponin I and calmodulin. Maximum ATPase activity was lower than that with the mixture of troponin I and calmodulin. PMID- 6223024 TI - Adenosine triphosphatases associated with bovine brain microtubules. II. Properties of ATPases I and II. AB - The catalytic properties of two ATPases which had been purified from bovine brain microtubules (Tominaga, S. & Kaziro, Y. (1983) J. Biochem. 93, 1085-1092) were studied. ATPase I, which had a molecular weight of 33,000, required the presence of 1.0 microM tubulin, 0.2 mM Mg2+, and 10 mM Ca2+ for maximal activity. The activation of ATPase I by tubulin was specific to the native form of tubulin, which could not be replaced by F-actin or tubulin denatured either by heat or more mildly by dialysis in the absence of glycerol. ATPase I was not specific to ATP, and GTP, and to a lesser extent, UTP and CTP were also hydrolyzed. Km for ATP of ATPase I was about 0.04 mM. ATPase I was inhibited by 5 mM Mg2+, 0.04 M K+, 10(-3) M vanadate, 10 mM N-ethylmaleimide, or 20% (v/v) glycerol. ATPase II, which was associated with membrane vesicles, required the presence of 0.2-2.0 mM Mg2+ and 20 mM KCl for activity. Tubulin stimulated the reaction of ATPase II only partially, and the addition of Ca2+ was rather inhibitory. ATPase II was specific to ATP with a Km value of 0.14 mM. It was inhibited by 1.6 mM N ethylmaleimide and 20% (v/v) glycerol, but was not very sensitive to vanadate. Instead, ATPase II was inhibited by trifluoperazine, chlorpromazine, and nicardipin at 10(-3) M. PMID- 6223025 TI - Binding of magnesium to myosin subfragment-1 ATPase. AB - Tyr 180 of chicken breast muscle alkali light chain A1 was nitrated with tetranitromethane. The nitroA1 was incorporated into chicken breast muscle subfragment-1 (S-1) by exchange with the intrinsic alkali light chain. In the presence of adenylylimidodiphosphate (AMPPNP) or ADP, the S-1 containing nitroA1 showed a difference visible absorption spectrum by Mg2+ or Ca2+. The difference spectrum has a trough around 435 nm, indicating a blue shift of the absorption spectrum due to the nitrophenol chromophore of the modified A1. The plot of delta A at 435 nm versus concentration of free Mg2+ fitted a single binding curve, independent of the total concentration of AMPPNP. These results reveal that free Mg2+ binds to the active site of S-1 ATPase, but not as Mg-AMPPNP complex. The dissociation constants of magnesium from S-1 complex were different with the two nucleotides and were 1.25 X 10(-8) M and 1.24 X 10(-7) with AMPPNP and ADP, respectively. The difference spectrum was also obtained in the presence of ATP. The delta epsilon value after adding ATP changed with the ATPase reaction. The steady state rate of S-1 ATPase was measured at various concentrations of free Mg2+. The dissociation constant of magnesium from the steady state complex, EPADP(a), was estimated as 6 X 10(-8) M. These results suggest that the affinity of magnesium at the active site of ATPase changes with the intermediate states of ATPase reaction. The affinity of calcium was lower than that of magnesium. PMID- 6223026 TI - Further characterization and reconstitution of the purified Ca2+-pumping ATPase of heart sarcolemma. AB - The Ca2+-pumping ATPase has been isolated from calf heart sarcolemma by calmodulin affinity chromatography (Caroni, P., and Carafoli, E. (1981) J. Biol. Chem. 256, 3263-3270) as a polypeptide of Mr about 140,000. The purified enzyme has high affinity for Ca2+ in the presence of calmodulin (Km about 0.4 microM) but shifts to a low affinity state (Km about 20 microM) in its absence. Calmodulin increases also the Vmax of the enzyme. The effects of calmodulin are mimicked by phosphatidylserine and by a limited proteolytic treatment of the enzyme with trypsin. The purified ATPase can be reconstituted in asolectin liposomes, where it pumps Ca2+ with an approximate stoichiometry to ATP of 1. The purified (and reconstituted) enzyme is not phosphorylated by added ATP and cAMP dependent protein kinase under conditions where the enzyme in situ is stimulated concomitant with the phosphorylation of the sarcolemmal membrane (Caroni, P., and Carafoli, E. (1981) J. Biol. Chem. 256, 9371-9373). Hence, the target of the regulatory phosphorylation system is not the ATPase molecule. The purified ATPase cross-reacts with an antibody raised against the erythrocyte Ca2+-pumping ATPase. Under the same conditions, the purified sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase does not react. The proteolytic splitting pattern of the purified heart sarcolemma and erythrocyte enzymes are similar but not identical. PMID- 6223027 TI - Changes in activity and structure of the chloroplast proton ATPase induced by illumination of spinach leaves. AB - Photophosphorylating activity of chloroplasts rapidly prepared from preilluminated spinach leaves was higher than the activity of chlorplasts from leaves kept in the dark. Higher Vmax values were obtained with the former when either ADP or Pi concentrations were varied. The rate of decay of the in vivo light-activated Mg2+-ATPase was highly dependent on temperature, increasing with it. At 0 degree C it was stable for 40 min or more. The decay at 25 degrees C was prevented by 5 mM ATP or 50 mM dithioerythritol while ADP or Pi did not affect it. Gramicidin or iodosobenzoate induced a very rapid decay even at 0 degree C. Coupling factor 1 with a manifest and stable Ca2+-ATPase activity was solubilized from chloroplasts activated by light in vivo. Incubation of chloroplasts from preilluminated leaves with N-[3H]ethylmaleimide resulted in an inhibition of Ca2+ ATPase activity and in the incorporation of radioactivity into the gamma subunit of coupling factor 1 that was larger than that of chloroplasts from leaves kept in the dark. The results show that activation in vivo of the proton ATPase was manifested by higher phosphorylating and Mg2+-ATPase activities and requires both an electrochemical proton gradient and a redox change of at least one disulfide bond of its gamma subunit. PMID- 6223028 TI - New oligosaccharides from heparin and heparan sulfate and their use as substrates for heparin-degrading enzymes. AB - Oligosaccharides were isolated from heparin and heparan sulfate by a procedure consisting of three major steps: (a) acid hydrolysis; (b) gel chromatography; and (c) cation exchange chromatography on an amino acid analyzer. To date, six new oligosaccharides have been isolated by this procedure and have been sequenced by a combination of NaB3H4-labeling and deaminative cleavage with nitrous acid. The structures of these oligosaccharides were as follows: 1. GlcN-GlcUA-GlcN 2. GlcN IdUA-GlcN 3. GlcN-GlcUA-GlcN-GlcUA-GlcN 4. GlcN-IdUA-GlcN-GlcUA-GlcN 5. GlcN GlcUA-GlcN-IdUA-GlcN 6. GlcN-IdUA-GlcN-IdUA-GlcN The linkage positions and anomeric configurations were assumed to be the same as in the polysaccharides from which the oligosaccharides originated. The usefulness of some of these oligosaccharides as enzyme substrates was tested after appropriate modifications and radioactive labeling. Oligosaccharides 2 and 3 were N-[35S]sulfated and were found to serve as substrates for heparan N-sulfate sulfatase (heparin sulfamidase), with a homogenate of cultured skin fibroblasts as enzyme source. Similarly, reduction of oligosaccharide 2 with NaB3H4 yielded a substrate for acetyl-CoA:alpha-D-glucosaminide N-acetyltransferase. Finally, the previously known disaccharide, 4-O-alpha-D-glucosaminyl-L-iduronic acid, which was isolated in the course of this work, was N-acetylated with [3H] acetic anhydride and was shown to be a substrate for N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosaminidase. PMID- 6223029 TI - Studies on the mechanism of uncoupling by amine local anesthetics. Evidence for mitochondrial proton transport mediated by lipophilic ion pairs. AB - The hydrophobic weak acid, carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP), induced rapid swelling of mitochondria suspended in NH4SCN, as predicted from the protonophoretic property of CCCP. Butacaine and other hydrophobic amines produced the same response as CCCP. As expected of a protonophore, CCCP (a) induced swelling in mitochondria suspended in potassium acetate and valinomycin, (b) induced rapid K+ efflux from mitochondria treated with valinomycin, and (c) caused an 8-fold stimulation of respiration. Butacaine alone was unable to mimic these effects of CCCP; however, all of these effects were observed with butacaine when SCN- or tetraphenylboron were added to the assay medium. We conclude that amine local anesthetics are not protonophores; rather, their uncoupler-like activity derives from their ability to form lipophilic ion pairs with certain anions. Depending on conditions, ion pair transport may result in electroneutral anion uptake or in electrophoretic proton transport. Uncoupling results from transmembrane cycling of neutral amine, charged anion, and neutral ion pair. Dose response studies were carried out for several pharmacologically important amines with local anesthetic properties. Their relative potencies in the NH4SCN swelling assay followed the order: chlorpromazine much greater than quinine greater than dibucaine greater than quinidine greater than butacaine greater than propranolol greater than tetracaine much greater than lidocaine, procaine, procainamide. Neutral anesthetics (progesterone and benzocaine) and an amine with low anesthetic potency (timolol) were found ineffective. Among hydrophobic drugs, swelling rates in NH4SCN correlate poorly with octanol:water partition coefficients, suggesting that the rate of ion pair transport is determined by the formation constant for lipophilic ion pairs. PMID- 6223030 TI - Reconstitution of a hormone-sensitive adenylate cyclase with membrane extracts from Neurospora and avian erythrocytes. AB - Adenylate cyclase activity associated to wild type Neurospora membranes is highly dependent on Mn2+ and insensitive to fluoride, guanyl nucleotides, and cholera toxin. These membranes are able to interact with components of detergent extracts from turkey erythrocyte ghosts. The reconstituted cyclase system is catalytically active in the presence of Mg2+ and it is activated by guanyl-5'-yl imidodiphosphate plus isoproterenol and fluoride. When detergent extracts were prepared from avian erythrocyte membranes treated with cholera toxin, the reconstituted system was stimulated by guanyl-5'-yl imidodiphosphate in the absence of isoproterenol and cyclase activities were higher than those observed with extracts from membranes not treated with the toxin. Dose-response curves for isoproterenol and fluoride in the reconstituted system were similar to those reported for avian erythrocyte and liver membranes, respectively. PMID- 6223032 TI - The alpha subunit of a plant mitochondrial F1-ATPase is translated in mitochondria. AB - The mitochondrial F1-ATPase from bean (Vicia faba L.) was solubilized by a chloroform treatment of mitochondrial membranes and purified by centrifugation on a glycerol gradient. The active fraction contained 5 subunits: alpha (Mr = 52,000), beta (Mr = 51,000), gamma (Mr = 34,000), delta (Mr = 23,800), and epsilon (Mr = 22,900). Purified coupled mitochondria were incubated in the presence of [ 35S ]methionine and malate to allow mitochondrial translation to occur. The largest labeled polypeptide (Mr = 52,000) was present in the chloroform extract, co-sedimented with the F1-ATPase on glycerol gradient and co migrated with the alpha subunit upon two-dimensional electrophoresis. The results indicate that the alpha subunit of bean mitochondrial ATPase is translated on mitoribosomes, in contrast to the situation in other organisms. PMID- 6223031 TI - DNA sequences which support activities of the bacteriophage phi X174 gene A protein. AB - The DNA sequence of 30 nucleotides which surrounds the origin of viral strand DNA replication is highly conserved amongst the icosahedral single-stranded DNA bacteriophages. The A gene of these phages encodes a protein which is required for initiation and termination of viral strand DNA synthesis and acts as a nicking-closing activity specifically within this 30-nucleotide sequence. A system of purified Escherichia coli host proteins and phi X174 gene A protein has been developed which specifically replicates in vitro the viral strand of phi X174 from RF (replicative form) I template DNA and yields single-stranded circular DNA products (RF leads to SS(c) DNA replication system). Recombinant plasmids carrying inserts derived from phage phi X174 or G4 DNA which range in length from 49 to 1175 base pairs and contain the 30-nucleotide conserved sequence have been shown to support phi X A protein-dependent DNA synthesis in vitro in this replication system. We report here that insertion of the 30 nucleotide sequence alone into pBR322 allows the resulting recombinant plasmids to support phi X A protein-dependent in vitro DNA synthesis as efficiently as phi X174 template DNA in the RF leads to SS(c) replication system. The 30-nucleotide sequence functions as a fully wild type DNA replication origin as determined by the rate of DNA synthesis and the structure of resulting DNA products. Furthermore, the DNA sequence requirements for nicking of RF I DNA by the phi X A protein and for supporting replication origin function have been partially separated. Homology to positions 1, 29, and 30 of the 30-nucleotide conserved sequence are not required for cleavage of RF I DNA by the A protein; homology to position 1 but not 29 or 30 is required for efficient DNA replication. PMID- 6223033 TI - Compartmentation of spermidine in Neurospora crassa. AB - The polyamines putrescine, spermidine, and spermine are multivalent cations that bind to anionic cell constituents such as nucleic acids. Their distribution between free and bound states within the cell is not known. Such knowledge would be important in relation to the negative control of polyamine synthesis. We report a tracer experiment in which [14C]ornithine was added to logarithmically growing Neurospora crassa mycelia. The amount and the specific radioactivity of the three polyamines thereafter suggested that new molecules of spermidine were made preferentially from new molecules of putrescine, and that new molecules of spermine were made from new molecules of spermidine. The extent of mixing of new [14C]- and resident [12C]spermidine indicated that 70% or more of the resident spermidine was sequestered, and not immediately accessible to spermine synthase. Cell fractionation revealed that about 28% of the cellular spermidine was vacuolar, and nonexchangeable with [14C] spermidine added at the time of cell breakage. We suggest that the remainder of sequestered spermidine is bound strongly to anionic sites in the cell, and is relatively inactive in the control and synthesis of polyamines. PMID- 6223034 TI - Differences in the allosteric properties of pure low and high phosphate forms of phosphofructokinase from rat liver. AB - Low phosphate and high phosphate forms of phosphofructokinase (Furuya, E., and Uyeda, K. (1980) J. Biol. Chem. 255, 11656-11659) from rat liver were purified to homogeneity and various properties were compared. The specific activities of these enzymes and their electrophoretic mobilities on polyacrylamide in sodium dodecyl sulfate are the same. A limited tryptic digestion yields products with no change in the enzyme activity but with a reduction in the molecular weight of about 2000. Both low and high phosphate enzymes can be phosphorylated by the catalytic subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase, and approximately twice as much [32P]phosphate is incorporated into the low phosphate than the high phosphate enzyme. A comparison of their allosteric kinetic properties reveal that the high phosphate enzyme is much more sensitive to inhibition by ATP and citrate and shows a higher K0.5 for fructose 6-phosphate than the low phosphate enzyme, and the difference in the K0.5 values becomes greater at lower pH values. Furthermore, the high phosphate phosphofructokinase is less sensitive to activation by AMP and fructose 2,6-bisphosphate. Moreover, when the low phosphate enzyme is phosphorylated by protein kinase, the resulting phosphorylated enzyme exhibits a higher K0.5 for fructose 2,6-bisphosphate than does the untreated enzyme. These results demonstrate that the phosphorylation affects the allosteric kinetic properties of the enzyme and results in a less active form of phosphofructokinase. PMID- 6223035 TI - Reaction mechanism of Ca2+-dependent adenosine triphosphatase of sarcoplasmic reticulum. ATP hydrolysis with CaATP as a substrate and role of divalent cation. AB - ATP hydrolysis with CaATP as a substrate was characterized at 0 degrees C and pH 7.0 using purified ATPase preparations of sarcoplasmic reticulum and compared with that with MgATP as a substrate. The maximal rate of enzyme phosphorylation and the Km value for the phosphorylation were 8 to 10 times less for CaATP than for MgATP. Each substrate appeared to act as a competitive inhibitor with respect to the other in enzyme phosphorylation. The phosphoenzyme formed from CaATP turned over slowly because the conversion rate of the ADP-sensitive (E1P) to ADP insensitive (E2P) phosphoenzyme was very slow. E2Ps, formed from both CaATP and MgATP, were similar in that KCl, MgCl2, or ATP accelerated their decomposition. Their sensitivity to KCl and/or ATP was retained even after a long incubation with excess EDTA. When the enzyme had been phosphorylated from CaATP, calcium remained bound to the enzyme even in the presence of excess EDTA. The observed parallelism between the amount and behavior of the enzyme-bound calcium and those of E2P strongly suggests that 1 mol of E2P has 1 mol of tightly bound calcium. During steady state ATP hydrolysis with CaATP as a substrate, a significant amount of the enzyme-ATP complex accumulated as a reaction intermediate because of slow dissociation of CaATP from the CaATP-enzyme complex and slow enzyme phosphorylation from the CaATP-enzyme complex. These results indicate that Mg2+ is not essential for the turnover of the calcium pump ATPase. It was proposed that the metal component of the substrate basically determines affinity of the substrate to the enzyme and the catalytic mechanism of subsequent reaction steps. PMID- 6223036 TI - Effects of Mg2+ ions on the plasma membrane [H+]-ATPase of Neurospora crassa. I. Inhibition by N-ethylmaleimide and trypsin. AB - We have shown previously (Brooker, R.J., and Slayman, C.W. (1982) J. Biol. Chem. 257, 12051-12055; Brooker, R. J., and Slayman, C. W. (1983) J. Biol. Chem. 258, 222-226) that the plasma membrane [H+]-ATPase of Neurospora crassa is inhibited by N-ethylmaleimide (NEM), which reacts at an essential nucleotide-protectable site on the Mr = 104,000 polypeptide. The present study demonstrates that Mg2+ has a biphasic effect on NEM inhibition. At low concentrations (0.01-0.1 mM, Mg2+ decreases the sensitivity of the enzyme to NEM, while at high concentrations (greater than 1 mM), it enhances sensitivity. These effects are seen in the presence or absence of nucleotides (ATP, ADP). Mg2+ also acts in a concentration dependent way to influence the degradation of the ATPase by trypsin. Low concentrations of Mg2+ have little or no effect on tryptic inactivation of ATPase activity or on the disappearance of the Mr = 104,000 polypeptide and the stepwise appearance of Mr = 100,000 and 91,000 tryptic fragments. High concentrations of Mg2+ decrease the rate of inactivation, and a new fragment of Mr = 98,000 is seen. Taken together, the NEM and trypsin results indicate that the Neurospora [H+]-ATPase possesses high and low affinity Mg2+ binding sites which affect the conformation of the enzyme. The divalent cation specificity of the sites has also been investigated. Co2+, Mn2+, and (to a lesser extent) Ni2+ mimic the behavior of Mg2+, but Ca2+ has a different effect, at least at the high affinity site. It appears to bind to that site, based on its ability to inhibit ATP hydrolysis (in the presence of Mg2+), but does not offer protection against NEM inhibition. The results suggest a way in which Ca2+ may serve as a physiological regulator of the ATPase. PMID- 6223037 TI - Effects of Mg2+ ions on the plasma membrane [H+]-ATPase of Neurospora crassa. II. Kinetic studies. AB - The rate of ATP hydrolysis by the Neurospora plasma membrane [H+]-ATPase has been measured over a wide range of Mg2+ and ATP concentrations, and on the basis of the results, a kinetic model for the enzyme has been developed. The model includes the following three binding sites: 1) a catalytic site at which MgATP serves as the true substrate, with free ATP as a weak competitive inhibitor; 2) a high affinity site for free Mg2+, which serves to activate the enzyme with an apparent K1/2 (termed KMgA) of about 15 microM; and 3) a separate low affinity site at which Mg2+ causes mixed type inhibition, lowering the Vmax while raising the KS for MgATP at the catalytic site. The Ki for Mg2+ at the low affinity site (termed KMgI) is about 3.5 mM. The model satisfactorily explains the activity of the enzyme as Mg2+ and ATP are varied, separately and together, over a wide range. It can also account for the previously reported effects of Mg2+ and ATP on the inhibition of the Neurospora [H+]-ATPase by N-ethylmaleimide (Brooker, R. J., and Slayman, C. W. (1982) J. Biol. Chem. 257, 12051-12055; Brooker, R. J., and Slayman, C. W. (1983) J. Biol. Chem. 258, 8827-8832). PMID- 6223038 TI - Identification of a monoclonal antibody that specifically recognizes corneal and skeletal keratan sulfate. Monoclonal antibodies to cartilage proteoglycan. AB - Monoclonal antibodies were raised against proteoglycan core protein isolated after chondroitinase ABC digestion of human articular cartilage proteoglycan monomer. Characterization of one of the monoclonal antibodies (1/20/5-D-4) indicated that it specifically recognized an antigenic determinant in the polysaccharide structure of both corneal and skeletal keratan sulfate. Enzyme immunoassay analyses indicated that the mouse monoclonal IgG1 recognized keratan sulfate in native proteoglycan aggregate and proteoglycan monomer preparations isolated from hyaline cartilages of a wide variety of animal species (human, monkey, cow, sheep, chicken, and shark cartilage). The 1/20/5-D-4 monoclonal antibody did not recognize antigenic determinants on proteoglycan isolated from Swarm rat chondrosarcoma. This finding is consistent with several biochemical analyses showing the absence of keratan sulfate in proteoglycan synthesised by this tissue. A variety of substructures isolated after selective cleavage of bovine nasal cartilage proteoglycan (Heinegard, D., and Axelsson, J. (1977) J. Biol. Chem. 252, 1971-1979) were used as competing antigens in radioimmunoassays to characterize the specificity of the 1/20/5-D-4 immunoglobulin. Substructures derived from the keratan sulfate attachment region of the proteoglycan (keratan sulfate peptides) showed the strongest inhibition. Both corneal and skeletal keratan sulfate peptides as competing antigens in radioimmunoassays showed similar inhibition when compared on the basis of their glucosamine content. Therefore, the 1/20/5-D-4 monoclonal antibody appears to recognize a common determinant in their polysaccharide moieties. Chemical desulfation of the keratan sulfate reduced the antigenicity of the glycosaminoglycan. The antibody did not recognize determinants present in dermatan sulfate, heparin, heparin sulfate, or hyaluronic acid. PMID- 6223039 TI - Myosin heavy chain-light chain recombinations and interactions between the two classes of light chains. AB - Myosin subfragment 1 (S1) heavy chains were prepared from chicken muscle S1 by immunoadsorption in NH4Cl and from rabbit muscle S1 by ion exchange chromatography at 37 degrees C in MgATP. Both heavy chain preparations contained some intact S1, and the ATPase activities of both preparations were less than those of control S1. Recombinations of these heavy chains with alkali light chains prior to removing NH4Cl or MgATP lessened the decreases in ATPase activities. However, once NH4Cl or MgATP was removed, alkali light chain recombination did not result in any increase in ATPase activity. Thus, the lower activities appear to result from the instability of the S1 heavy chain in the absence of alkali light chain. When incubated with a 10-fold molar excess of radiolabeled alkali light chains for 1 h under approximately physiological conditions, almost all of the alkali light chains of S1 but only 8% of those of myosin or myofibrils were exchanged. Aggregation of myosin into filaments accounts for part of this difference in exchangeability. Removal of 30% of the 19,000-Da 5,5'-dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid) (DTNB) light chains from myosin increased 3-fold the amount of alkali light chain exchanged. The exchange of the alkali light chains of S1 is inhibited by the presence of DTNB light chains, and cleavage of the DTNB light chains of heavy meromyosin to 17,000-Da fragments increased the rate of alkali light chain exchange. There was no detectable difference in the exchangeability of the two different alkali light chains. PMID- 6223040 TI - Microscopic observations of the wear of a tooth restorative composite in vivo. AB - The wear of a composite restorative material in the oral cavity was followed by examining impressions by scanning electron microscopy. It was demonstrated that filler particles protrude from the polymeric matrix and, eventually, are lost leaving holes in the surface. A measure of the rate of wear was obtained by following the recession of the matrix on the faces of a large prominent particle. For a restoration that had been in place for 7 years, the average rate of wear over a further period of several months was estimated to be about 0.1 microns/day. For comparison, the gross wear of 2 mm over the entire 7-year period gives a greater average rate of wear of 0.8 microns/day. PMID- 6223041 TI - Compartmentation of asparagine-linked oligosaccharide processing in the Golgi apparatus. AB - Golgi-associated processing of complex-type oligosaccharides linked to asparagine involves the sequential action of at least six enzymes. By equilibrium sucrose density gradient centrifugation of membranes from Chinese hamster ovary cells, we have partially resolved the set of four initial enzymes in the pathway (Mannosidase I, N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) Transferase I, Mannosidase II, and GlcNAc Transferase II) from two later-acting activities (galactosyltransferase and sialyltransferase). In view of the recent demonstration that galactosyltransferase is restricted to the trans face of the Golgi complex in HeLa cells (Roth, J., and E.G. Berger, 1982, J. Cell Biol., 93:223-229), our results suggest that removal of mannose and attachment of peripheral N acetylglucosamine may occur in some or all of the remaining cisternae on the cis side of the Golgi stack. PMID- 6223043 TI - [Desmoid tumor and Gardner's syndrome. Apropos of a case]. PMID- 6223044 TI - Insulin resistance in nonobese patients with polycystic ovarian disease. AB - To determine whether insulin resistance occurs in polycystic ovarian disease (PCO) in the absence of obesity and acanthosis nigricans, circulating levels of insulin in response to oral glucose administration were measured in 10 nonobese PCO patients without acanthosis nigricans and in 10 normal women matched for weight and height. Mean serum testosterone (T), androstenedione (A), dehydroepiandrosterone (D), D sulfate, and LH levels were significantly elevated in the PCO patients compared to those in control subjects. In PCO patients, the mean +/- SE basal insulin level (18.7 +/- 2.9 microU/ml) and the sum of the insulin levels in response to glucose (674 +/- 119 microU/ml) were significantly greater than those in the control group (11.0 +/- 0.8 microU/ml and 248 +/- 29 microU/ml, respectively). In all subjects, serum levels of T and A, but not D and D sulfate, were significantly correlated to basal insulin levels and insulin sums. Serum cortisol, GH, and PRL levels were similar in both groups. These results indicate that in PCO, a significant degree of insulin resistance exists, which clearly is not related to obesity. The positive correlation of serum T and A levels to circulating insulin levels in this study suggests that the insulin resistance in PCO may be, in part, a consequence of hyperandrogenism. PMID- 6223042 TI - Role of cholesterol in the capping of surface immunoglobulin receptors on murine lymphocytes. AB - Previously, we have shown that the capping of surface immunoglobulins on murine lymphocytes can be affected by modulating the lipid environment of the surface membrane with free fatty acids. In the present study, murine lymphocytes were depleted of cholesterol by incubation with phospholipid vesicles. As the cellular cholesterol:phospholipid ratio decreased, the capping of the surface immunoglobulin was seen to decrease. This inhibition of capping could not be reversed by calcium and is not accompanied by changes in either the cytoskeletal element alpha-actinin or cellular ATP levels. Incubation of the cholesterol depleted cells with cholesterol-containing phospholipid vesicles raised both the cholesterol:phospholipid ratio and capping levels to values close to those of untreated control cells. Remarkably, stearic acid, a saturated fatty acid, could also restore the capping levels in the cholesterol-depleted cells. On the basis of the present data and measurements of the fluorescence polarization of the probe diphenyl hexatriene, we propose a model in which the protein(s) involved in capping is located in a gel-like lipid domain, and that removal of cholesterol makes this domain less gel-like and inhibits capping. Restoration of the gel-like nature of this domain by the addition of either cholesterol or stearic acid enables the protein(s) to function normally. PMID- 6223045 TI - Evidence for the importance of peripheral tissue events in the development of hirsutism in polycystic ovary syndrome. AB - Hirsutism can occur in the presence of normal or near normal levels of serum testosterone, unbound testosterone (uT), dehydroepiandrostene sulfate, androstenedione, and dihydrotestosterone. However, we have found that serum androstanediol glucuronide (3 alpha-diol G) is markedly increased in idiopathic hirsutism and it serves as an excellent marker of peripheral androgen metabolism and action. In the present work, we studied 12 hirsute (H) and 12 nonhirsute (NH) patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCO) and 13 age and weight matched controls in order to determine if differences in sex steroid levels or peripheral tissue androgen events were associated with hirsutism. Serum unbound estradiol levels and LH-FSH ratios were similar in both groups of women with PCO, and both were significantly higher than levels in controls (P less than 0.05). Whereas serum testosterone, uT, and androstenedione were elevated in both H-PCO and NH PCO patients compared to controls, the levels in these two groups were similar. Serum dehydroepiandrostene sulfate was higher in PCO patients compared to controls, but H-PCO patients had slightly higher levels than NH-PCO patients. Serum delta 5-androstenediol was also slightly higher in H-PCO compared to NH-PCO patients. Dihydrotestosterone was normal and unconjugated; 3 alpha-diol was higher than normal in both groups of patients with PCO, although H-PCO patients had higher levels than NH-PCO patients. Compared to these relatively minor changes between the PCO patient groups, serum 3 alpha-diol G was markedly elevated in H-PCO patients (approximately 10-fold), yet normal in NH-PCO patients (P less than 0.01). The ratios of serum 3 alpha-diol G-uT were similar in NH-PCO patients and controls, but were elevated in H-PCO patients (P less than 0.01). These data indicate that: 1) women with PCO have increased circulating androgen levels regardless of the presence or absence of hirsutism; and 2) the presence of hirsutism is not only a function of circulating androgen levels, but may also be determined by events in peripheral tissues. PMID- 6223046 TI - [Laparoscopic study of cholestatic jaundice. Particularly in regard to differential diagnosis between intrahepatic and extrahepatic cholestasis]. PMID- 6223047 TI - Some functional properties of nonpolymerizable and polymerizable tropomyosin. AB - The binding of 125I-labelled nonpolymerizable (brain or carboxypeptidase A treated skeletal muscle) and polymerizable (intact skeletal muscle) tropomyosin to muscle F-actin was studied by ultracentrifugation under various conditions. The amount of nonpolymerizable tropomyosin bound to F-actin both in 0.1 M KCl and in 7 mM MgCl2 was much lower than that of the polymerizable one. In the presence of MgCl2 the amount of nonpolymerizable tropomyosin bound to F-actin approached saturation level. Under these conditions, however, the amount of skeletal muscle tropomyosin bound exceeded saturation, suggesting formation of both head-to-tail polymers and side-to-side aggregates. The latter seems to be responsible for the inhibition of acto-heavy meromyosin ATPase activity which is caused by skeletal muscle tropomyosin but not by nonpolymerizable tropomyosin. Nonpolymerizable tropomyosin can substitute for the rabbit skeletal muscle tropomyosin in the regulatory system operating in skeletal muscle. Inhibition of ATPase activity of acto-heavy meromyosin by nonpolymerizable tropomyosin in the presence of troponin and the absence of calcium ions is less than that obtained with polymerizable tropomyosin. The inhibition of ATPase activity is directly correlated with the extent of binding of nonpolymerizable tropomyosin to F-actin under the conditions of the ATPase assay. PMID- 6223048 TI - Suppression of NZB/NZW murine nephritis by administration of a syngeneic monoclonal antibody to DNA. Possible role of anti-idiotypic antibodies. AB - Suppression of circulating antibodies to double-stranded DNA was achieved in NZB/NZW f1 female mice by repeated administration of an IgG2a monoclonal antibody to DNA. Deaths from nephritis were delayed; glomerular deposition of IgG and of the cationic IgG DNA antibodies characteristic of murine lupus nephritis were diminished. Quantities of circulating antibodies to single-stranded DNA were not reduced compared with untreated or IgG myeloma-treated control mice. Antibodies directed against the monoclonal anti-DNA appeared in the circulation of treated mice after three inoculations of the idiotype. Those antibodies did not react with another monoclonal anti-DNA of the same allotype. One monoclonal anti idiotypic antibody was obtained in hybridoma cultures derived from a spleen of a treated mouse. Cross-reactive or common idiotypes were found in 30-50% of NZB/NZW f1 sera and monoclonal DNA antibodies. Deletions of portions of the spectrotype of antibodies to DNA were found in sera containing anti-idiotypic antibodies, suggesting suppression of clones producing antibodies with isoelectric points similar to that of the immunizing idiotype. Deletions of some of the anti idiotypic antibodies also occurred as the mice aged. Rheumatoid factors were not detectable in any sera. Therefore, administration of an antibody to DNA bearing an idiotype occurring with high frequency in NZB/NZW f1 females resulted in relatively specific suppression of the antibody response to double-stranded DNA, as well as suppression of nephritis. Reduction of anti-DNA synthesis by anti idiotypic antibodies may have been an important suppressive mechanism. Experiments are in progress to test this hypothesis. PMID- 6223049 TI - Impaired culture generated cytotoxicity with preservation of spontaneous natural killer-cell activity in cartilage-hair hypoplasia. AB - Recent studies of cartilage-hair hypoplasia (CHH), a form of short-limbed dwarfism, have shown that all affected individuals have a cellular proliferation defect that results in a cellular immunodeficiency. However, only a minority of CHH individuals suffer from severe, life-threatening infections. For this reason, relevant immune defense mechanisms that may be responsible for maintaining intact host defenses in the majority of CHH individuals were studied. Spontaneous and allogeneic culture-induced (mixed lymphocyte response-MLR) specific and nonspecific (NK-like) cytotoxic mechanisms were analyzed and correlated with lymphocyte subpopulations present in CHH and normal individuals. Spontaneous natural-killer (NK) activity was present at or above normal levels, but culture induced specific cytotoxicity and NK-like cytotoxicity as well as NK-like activity by T cell lines were significantly reduced in CHH individuals. The generation of radiation-resistant cytotoxicity, which normally occurs during allogeneic MLR, was markedly diminished in CHH, and was correlated with the decreased proliferation observed in CHH cultures. Preservation of spontaneous NK activity and loss of all forms of culture-induced cytotoxicity was associated with an increase in the proportion of lymphocytes bearing a thymic independent NK phenotype (OKM1+ OKT3- Fc gamma + low-affinity E+), and a significant decrease in thymic derived OKT3+ cytolytic T cell sub-populations in CHH individuals. Therefore, an intact cellular cytotoxic effector mechanism has been identified in CHH (i.e., NK activity). Natural cytotoxicity may be of importance in maintaining host resistance to viral infections despite diminished thymic-derived effector mechanisms in cartilage-hair hypoplasia. PMID- 6223050 TI - HLA identical leukemia cells and T cell growth factor activate cytotoxic T cell recognition of minor locus histocompatibility antigens in vitro. AB - Lymphocytes from a healthy HLA-identical bone marrow transplant donor were tested for their ability to destroy her brother's acute myelogenous leukemia blasts in vitro. Primary mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC) and cell-mediated lysis (CML) responses between the patient's remission (pretransplant) and donor's lymphocytes were negative. Stimulation of donor lymphocytes for 7 d in vitro with irradiated leukemia cells, leukemia cells plus allogeneic irradiated lymphocytes, or a pool of irradiated lymphocytes from 10 donors, did not activate any cytotoxic cells able to destroy the HLA identical leukemic blasts. Further culturing for 7 additional d in T cell growth factor (TCGF) generated lymphocytes that induced effective cytotoxicity against the leukemic blasts, but not against autologous lymphocytes. Effective killing against the leukemia was observed only in cultures initially stimulated with the irradiated leukemia cells. These cytotoxic cells were maintained in TCGF and mediated persistent killing against the leukemic target cells. They were also able to destroy lymphocytes from the patient's mother and father, but not from an unrelated cell donor. This suggested specific recognition of non-HLA antigens inherited by the patient, that were foreign to the HLA identical bone marrow donor. These lymphocytes were cloned by a limiting dilution technique and one clone maintained cytotoxicity to the AML blasts and the father's lymphocytes, but not lymphocytes from the mother or an HLA-identical donor. This cytotoxicity was inhibited by a monoclonal anti-HLA antibody. Thus, in vitro sensitization of this sibling's lymphocytes with AML blasts followed by TCGF expansion, and cloning, enabled the detection of HLA-restricted cytotoxic cells that recognize minor locus histocompatibility antigens. This immune recognition may be relevant to the "graft vs. leukemia" effect that has been observed in leukemic animals and patients following histocompatible hematopoietic transplants. PMID- 6223052 TI - Keratodermia palmoplantare papuloverrucoides progressiva: successful treatment with etretinate. AB - A disabling case of keratodermia palmoplantare papuloverrucoides progressiva is described. Less severe cases have been reported in the American literature as keratodermia punctata. The verrucoid lesions of our patient were spontaneously shed during treatment with the aromatic retinoid etretinate, and a daily maintenance dose of 25 mg was necessary to prevent recurrence. PMID- 6223053 TI - Erythroderma: a follow-up of fifty cases. AB - Fifty consecutive cases of erythroderma were studied. The mean onset age was 61 years, and thirty-three of the fifty were male. As a causative factor, a preexisting dermatosis was identified in twenty-one cases, topical sensitization to drugs in six cases, reaction to internal drugs in five cases, and mycosis fungoides in two cases. In sixteen cases a causative factor could not be disclosed. A follow-up survey of the patients at a mean of 6 years after the start of the erythroderma indicated that seventeen patients had cleared completely, twelve patients had less symptoms than initially, and six suffered from undiminished erythroderma. Ten patients had died from causes unrelated to the erythroderma. It is concluded that the underlying causes for erythroderma have remained rather unchanged during several decades, and that the majority of present-day erythroderma patients can expect a favorable prognosis. PMID- 6223051 TI - Heterogeneity of HLA-DR+ cells in normal human kidney. Immunohistological and cytochemical characterisation of discrete cell populations. AB - Biopsies of normal kidneys taken at time of transplantation were studied using a variety of immunofluorescent and cytochemical techniques. A heterogeneous population of HLA-DR+ cells was found, mainly confined to the intertubular interstitium. The majority of these cells (80%) were positive when stained with a rabbit anti-factor VIII antiserum suggesting that they were endothelial cells. A minority however (20%) were factor VIII- but were positively stained with FMC17, a monoclonal antibody (McAb) directed against human monocyte/macrophage antigens. Positive staining of this subpopulation was also noted with RFD1, a McAb which reacts with an antigen on human interdigitating cells (ID cells). Cytochemical reactions revealed that these cells contain adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) and acid phosphatase (ACP) and thus do not conform to the phenotype of tissue histiocytes. The phenotype of this latter population is identical with that of the ID cells found in tonsil, thymus and spleen and it is suggested that they play a major role in initiating the process of renal allograft rejection. PMID- 6223054 TI - Vitamin E and onychomycosis. PMID- 6223056 TI - A combined teaching approach for a preclinical technique course. PMID- 6223055 TI - Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic studies of the interaction of phospholipids with stabilizing lysosome agents. AB - The interaction between phospholipids and stabilizing lysosome agents such as acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), colchicine (CC), prednisolone (PD), etc., was studied using NMR spectroscopy. The peak intensity of protons arising from these compounds was reduced in liposomes containing lecithin and various agents with a molar ratio of 1:1 in D2O. The reduced percentage of protons in the agents differed due to their molecular structures: ASA was about 20%, CC about 30%, and PD about 100%. PMID- 6223057 TI - Lichen planus: evaluation of cells in skin lesions and of T-lymphocyte subsets in blood. PMID- 6223058 TI - Speech competition effects on synthetic stop-vowel perception by normal and hearing-impaired listeners. AB - A triadic comparisons task and an identification task were used to evaluate normally hearing listeners' and hearing-impaired listeners' perceptions of synthetic CV stimuli in the presence of competition. The competing signals included multitalker babble, continuous speech spectrum noise, a CV masker, and a brief noise masker shaped to resemble the onset spectrum of the CV masker. All signals and maskers were presented monotically. Interference by competition was assessed by comparing Multidimensional Scaling solutions derived from each masking condition to that derived from the baseline (quiet) condition. Analysis of the effects of continuous maskers revealed that multitalker babble and continuous noise caused the same amount of change in performance, as compared to the baseline condition, for all listeners. CV masking changed performance significantly more than did brief noise masking, and the hearing-impaired listeners experienced more degradation in performance than normals. Finally, the velar CV maskers (g epsilon and k epsilon) caused significantly greater masking effects than the bilabial CV maskers (b epsilon and p epsilon), and were most resistant to masking by other competing stimuli. The results suggest that speech intelligibility difficulties in the presence of competing segments of speech are primarily attributable to phonetic interference rather than to spectral masking. Individual differences in hearing-impaired listeners' performances are also discussed. PMID- 6223059 TI - Vibrotactile identification of vowels. AB - The ability of subjects to identify vowels in vibrotactile transformations of consonant-vowel syllables was measured for two types of displays: a spectral display (frequency by intensity), and a vocal tract area function display (vocal tract location by cross-sectional area). Both displays were presented to the fingertip via the tactile display of the Optacon transducer. In the first experiments the spectral display was effective for identifying vowels in /b/V/ context when as many as 24 or as few as eight spectral channels were presented to the skin. However, performance fell when the 12- and 8-channel displays were reduced in size to occupy 1/2 or 1/3 of the 24-row tactile matrix. The effect of reducing the size of the display was greater when the spectrum was represented as a solid histogram ("filled" patterns) than when it was represented as a simple spectral contour ("unfilled" patterns). Spatial masking within the filled pattern was postulated as the cause for this decline in performance. Another experiment measured the utility of the spectral display when the syllables were produced by multiple speakers. The resulting increase in response confusions was primarily attributable to variations in the tactile patterns caused by differences in vocal tract resonances among the speakers. The final experiment found an area function display to be inferior to the spectral display for identification of vowels. The results demonstrate that a two-dimensional spectral display is worthy of further development as a basic vibrotactile display for speech. PMID- 6223060 TI - Perception of static and dynamic acoustic cues to place of articulation in initial stop consonants. AB - Two recent accounts of the acoustic cues which specify place of articulation in syllable-initial stop consonants claim that they are located in the initial portions of the CV waveform and are context-free. Stevens and Blumstein [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 64, 1358-1368 (1978)] have described the perceptually relevant spectral properties of these cues as static, while Kewley-Port [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 73, 322-335 (1983)] describes these cues as dynamic. Three perceptual experiments were conducted to test predictions derived from these accounts. Experiment 1 confirmed that acoustic cues for place of articulation are located in the initial 20-40 ms of natural stop-vowel syllables. Next, short synthetic CV's modeled after natural syllables were generated using either a digital, parallel-resonance synthesizer in experiment 2 or linear prediction synthesis in experiment 3. One set of synthetic stimuli preserved the static spectral properties proposed by Stevens and Blumstein. Another set of synthetic stimuli preserved the dynamic properties suggested by Kewley-Port. Listeners in both experiments identified place of articulation significantly better from stimuli which preserved dynamic acoustic properties than from those based on static onset spectra. Evidently, the dynamic structure of the initial stop-vowel articulatory gesture can be preserved in context-free acoustic cues which listeners use to identify place of articulation. PMID- 6223061 TI - Comparison of early systolic and early diastolic regional function during regional ischemia in a chronically instrumented canine model. AB - Depressed left ventricular function during the early part (first third) of both systole and diastole in the resting state have been reported to be sensitive indicators of coronary artery disease in patients with normal global function at rest. To evaluate the possible mechanisms of these findings, 11 dogs were chronically instrumented with segmental function sonomicrometers in the left circumflex and left anterior descending coronary artery distribution, circumflex coronary flow probes and cuff occluders, aortic flow probes and ventricular pressure transducers. Percent segmental function during the first third of systole and diastole was measured in the control state and with graded circumflex artery flow reductions. Significant decreases in early systolic function with ischemia in the circumflex artery distribution were partially offset by compensatory augmented shortening in the left anterior descending artery distribution. With ischemia in the circumflex distribution, there was prolonged contraction into diastole manifested as impaired relaxation. Simultaneously, in the left anterior descending artery distribution, there was minimal compensatory enhanced relaxation. These results suggest that early systolic dysfunction in ischemic segments may be offset by enhanced function in nonischemic segments, rendering minimal, if any, change in global systolic function. Early diastolic dysfunction in ischemic segments exceeds compensatory changes in nonischemic areas by two-to-four-fold. Hence, early diastolic functional indexes may be more sensitive indicators of ischemia at rest than early systolic functional indexes. PMID- 6223062 TI - Volume loading improves low cardiac output in experimental right ventricular infarction. AB - To evaluate the effect of volume loading in the low output state associated with right ventricular infarction, isolated right ventricular infarction was produced in seven dogs with the pericardium intact. Volume loading and pericardiotomy were then sequentially performed. After the production of right ventricular infarction, right ventricular systolic pressure decreased by 25%, aortic pressure by 36% and cardiac output by 32%. Right ventricular ejection fraction decreased by 57%, but left ventricular ejection fraction did not change significantly. Left ventricular transmural pressure and diastolic size decreased, and right ventricular diastolic size increased. Intrapericardial pressure increased and equalization of diastolic pressures was noted. Volume loading resulted in increased right ventricular systolic pressure and stroke work, increased aortic pressure and cardiac output and increased transmural pressure and diastolic size in both ventricles. Pericardiotomy resulted in further increases in right and left ventricular filling, stroke work and cardiac output, as well as resolution of equalized diastolic pressures. These results indicate that cardiac output in experimental right ventricular infarction increases with volume loading, which enhances left ventricular preload by augmenting right ventricular output. Elevated intrapericardial pressure affects filling of both ventricles and may play a role in the pathophysiology of low cardiac output in right ventricular infarction. PMID- 6223063 TI - Accuracy of echocardiography versus electrocardiography in detecting left ventricular hypertrophy: comparison with postmortem mass measurements. AB - The accuracy of electrocardiography, M-mode echocardiography and two-dimensional echocardiography in predicting left ventricular hypertrophy was compared in 50 patients who came to autopsy within 6 months after the studies were performed. Several methods for determining left ventricular hypertrophy were examined for each of the three techniques. M-mode echocardiography was technically adequate to evaluate the presence or absence of left ventricular hypertrophy more often than either electrocardiography or two-dimensional echocardiography. Measurements from M-mode echocardiography also correlated best with autopsy measurements. Both echocardiographic techniques had a higher sensitivity than electrocardiographic criteria in diagnosing left ventricular hypertrophy. Two-dimensional echocardiography was not shown to improve the M-mode assessment of left ventricular hypertrophy. In an attempt to simplify both M-mode left ventricular mass calculations and the diagnosis of left ventricular hypertrophy for the clinician, a left ventricular mass nomogram was constructed, enabling quick insertion of standard M-mode echocardiographic measurements. PMID- 6223064 TI - Difference infrared spectroscopy of aqueous model and biological membranes using an infrared data station. AB - A Perkin-Elmer infrared Data Station associated with a simple IR spectrometer (model 298) is shown to give excellent results with aqueous model and biomembrane systems. Examples are presented of difference spectra obtained with lipid--water systems, reconstituted lipid--protein systems and a natural biomembrane. The spectra of the lipid after water subtraction and of the intrinsic protein after lipid subtraction from a model reconstituted Ca2+-ATPase membrane system are shown. The potential for studying intrinsic protein conformations is emphasised. PMID- 6223065 TI - Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty in the treatment of ischemic disease of the lower extremity. AB - Symptoms of severe peripheral vascular disease in the lower extremity necessitate attempts to revascularize the limb. Patients refusing or unable to undergo direct arterial surgery may be candidates for percutaneous transluminal angioplasty. Combined with realistic goals regarding foot salvage, careful selection of patients for angioplasty may prevent unnecessary amputations and permit local surgical care of the foot. Restoration of pain-free ambulation can follow the procedure. The coordinated efforts of various specialists can now be directed toward treatment of previously unmanageable ischemic complications in the foot. PMID- 6223066 TI - Circulating T cell subsets in euthyroid Graves' disease. AB - T cell subpopulations recognized by surfaces markers of different functional meaning have been evaluated in 12 female patients with euthyroid Graves' disease and in 2 patients with ophthalmopathy and Hashimoto's thyroiditis. We have used the following markers: i) receptors for Fc fragments of IgG; ii) antigens recognized by the monoclonal antibodies MLR4, 5/9, BT 2/9 (anti-DR). In the 12 patients with euthyroid Graves' disease a marked decrease of TG cells (which proved to exert suppressor function in several in vitro systems) was observed, as previously reported in hyperthyroid Graves' disease. The 2 Hashimoto's patients with eye changes had normal or high TG. 5/9+ T cells (which contain cells with helper activity in vitro), as well as MLR4+ and BT 2/9+ cells (activated T cells) were normal in the majority of patients, but elevated in the 2 Hashimoto's thyroiditis. The observed abnormality of TG cells in euthyroid Graves' disease might be consistent with the hypothesized autoimmune pathogenesis of endocrine ophthalmopathy. PMID- 6223068 TI - Guineaworm eradication programme and Primary Health Care. PMID- 6223067 TI - [Tumor of the ovary and cutaneous paraneoplastic syndrome]. PMID- 6223069 TI - Blockade of Fc receptor-mediated binding to U-937 cells by murine monoclonal antibodies directed against a variety of surface antigens. AB - The effect of murine IgG hybridoma antibodies directed against leukocyte antigens on the Fc receptor function of human cells was studied. For this purpose, the specific binding of 125I-labeled monomeric human IgG1 to a macrophage-like cell line (U-937) was quantitated before and after incubation in the presence of murine monoclonal hybridoma antibodies. Four monoclonal hybridoma antibodies (A1G3, 23D6, 4F2, and 3A 10), each of which binds to different antigens on the surface of U-937 cells, rapidly and potently inhibited the specific binding of labeled IgG1 to these cells. Inasmuch as inhibition was mediated only by IgG antibodies with an intact Fc fragment and antibody activity against surface antigens found on U-937, inhibition appears to have resulted from the formation of a three-component complex composed of antibody bound by its Fab portion to antigen and by its Fc fragment to a Fc receptor. Equilibrium binding studies performed on treated cells confirmed that reduced Fc receptor-mediated binding was due to a reduction in the number of available receptors. Binding studies employing double isotope labeling methods demonstrated that about 0.5 to 1.0 Fc receptor was blocked for each molecule of intact antibody bound to a U-937 cell. Using several techniques, it was shown that most of the monoclonal antibody bound to cells and the Fc receptors blocked by antibody remained on the cell surface despite incubation at 37 degrees C for 3 hr. Thus, the loss of receptor function observed in these experiments was almost exclusively due to reversible receptor blockade rather than receptor internalization or degradation. The antibodies identified in these studies also markedly inhibited Fc receptors on one other human cell line (HL-60) as well as those on normal human peripheral blood monocytes. PMID- 6223070 TI - Selective failure of accessory cell function in Moloney murine leukemia virus tolerant mice. AB - Accessory cell activity of spleen cells from M-MuLV neonatally injected (tolerant) mice was studied to evaluate their ability to take part in in vitro CTL generation against tumor-associated antigens induced by M-MSV. In contrast with accessory cell activity in normal spleen cells, spleen cells from M-MuLV tolerant mice are unable to reconstitute the in vitro virus-specific CTL generation of M-MSV immune, Ia-depleted spleen cells. A selective defect seems to characterize M-MuLV-tolerant mice as their spleens constitute a good source of accessory cells for alloantigen CTL generation. PMID- 6223071 TI - Alteration of T cell subsets and induction of suppressor T cell activity in normal subjects after exposure to sunlight. AB - The effects of exposure to natural sunlight on the immune system were studied in 15 normal human subjects. Exposure was for 1 hr each day for 12 days over 2 wk and tests were carried out before, on completion, and 2 wk after completion. In comparison to concurrent studies on 13 age- and sex-matched controls, sun-exposed subjects had a significant increase in their circulation of T cells recognized by OKT8 monoclonal antibodies and a decrease in OKT4 positive T cells. Suppressor T cell activity measured in pokeweed mitogen-stimulated cultures of T and B cells was significantly increased against IgG and IgM production. These changes were still evident in many of the subjects 2 weeks after completion of the sun exposure. A trend for depression of natural killer cell activity against a melanoma target cell was noted in the present study, but this did not appear as marked as that noted previously in subjects exposed to radiation in solariums. The differences between the effect of radiation from solariums and natural sunlight on the immune system may result from the higher dosage of UV-A in radiation from solariums. The results suggest that exposure to sunlight may favor the induction of suppressor pathways in response to antigenic stimuli and that this may limit immune responses against tumor cells such as melanoma. They support the idea from animal studies that systemic changes in the immune system may be an important factor in the association of UV radiation with malignancy. PMID- 6223072 TI - Decreased Fc receptor avidity and degradative function of monocytes from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - We studied the binding and degradation of stable, soluble heat aggregates of 125I IgG (A-IgG) by monocytes from 30 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and 30 normals. Relative avidities (KE) for Fc receptor (FcR) binding of A-IgG and maximal binding of A-IgG by monocytes were determined from Scatchard plots of binding data obtained at 4 degrees C. Rates of degradation (Vmax) of A-IgG at 37 degrees C were calculated from Lineweaver-Burke plots of the Michaelis-Menton equation. KE were decreased in SLE monocytes (15.5 X 10(-9) L/M) as compared with normals (20.1 X 10(-9) L/M, p less than 0.005) and Vmax were decreased for SLE (0.89 ng/hr) as compared with normals (1.11 ng/hr, p less than 0.005). The maximal FcR binding by SLE monocytes was not statistically different in SLE patients and normals, but monocytes from SLE patients with active disease showed a lower maximal binding capacity for A-IgG (4.9 ng/10(5) cells) than normals (5.4 ng/10(5) cells, p less than 0.05). KE and Vmax in SLE were also lower for patients with active disease than for normal subjects. KE in patients whose anti ssDNA binding was greater than 20% were lower than for those with DNA binding of less than 20% (p less than 0.005). These data suggest that patients with active SLE have diminished numbers of available FcR on their circulating monocytes, possibly due to interiorization of FcR during endocytosis of endogenous circulating immune complexes. PMID- 6223073 TI - Autoimmunity and immune complex disease after neonatal induction of transplantation tolerance in mice. AB - Mice made neonatally tolerant to alloantigens were found to develop an immunologic disease resembling systemic lupus erythematosus. In BALB/c mice neonatally injected with C57BL/6 X BALB/c F1 hybrid spleen cells, features of autoimmunity were observed first. After 5-24 wk, antinuclear, anti-SS DNA, thymocytotoxic, and rheumatoid factor-like antibodies were detected in association with hypergammaglobulinemia and with the occurrence of circulating immune complexes and cryoglobulins. Some of the antinuclear antibodies were found to be produced by F1 donor B cells persisting in the host. Second, immunopathologic changes were detected in tolerant mice. In the kidneys, an immune complex glomerulonephritis of the membranous type was observed. Immunoglobulin deposits were also found in the choroid plexus and at the dermoepidermal junction. In addition, thrombocytopenia was a common finding, and a positive direct Coomb's test occasionally was detected. Features of autoimmune disease were closely associated with the effective induction of transplantation tolerance, as revealed by the inability of spleen cells to generate in vitro cytolytic responses against C57BL/6 alloantigens. It is suggested that, although transplantation tolerance is associated with a lack of cytolytic reaction of the host against F1 hybrid donor alloantigens, other types of allogeneic interactions could lead in this model to the development of autoimmunity and immunopathology. PMID- 6223074 TI - T cell hybridomas coexpressing Fc receptors (FcR) for different isotypes. II. IgA induced formation of suppressive IgA binding factor(s) by a murine T hybridoma bearing Fc gamma R and Fc alpha R. AB - T2D4 murine T hybridoma cells have previously been shown to express Fc receptors (FcR) for IgG (Fc gamma R) and for IgA (Fc alpha R) and to produce an IgG binding factor (IgGBF) that suppresses IgG and IgM responses. In the present work we report on the behavior of IgA bound to T2D4 cells and on the production of IgA binding factor (IgABF) and its ability to suppress IgA antibody production. A dose-dependent binding of MOPC315 IgA with anti-TNP activity by T2D4 cells was demonstrated by rosette formation with trinitrophenylated ox red blood cells (TNP ORBC) and fixation of iodinated DNP-BSA. IgA bound to the cells disappeared after a short-term culture of 3 hr at 37 degrees C, but not at 4 degrees C. Because this phenomenon was inhibited by 0.1% sodium azide and 100 microM dansylcadaverine, a transglutaminase inhibitor, Fc alpha R-IgA complexes seemed to be released by an active process involving receptor movement. In the culture supernatant of IgA-treated T2D4 cells, we detected a factor(s) that binds to IgA Sepharose and competitively inhibits the binding of IgA to T2D4 cells. The factor (IgABF) failed to inhibit the rosette formation of Fc gamma R(+) cells with IgG sensitized ORBC (EAox gamma), indicating that it binds specifically to IgA. IgABF was undetectable in the culture supernatants of untreated T2D4 cells of Fc alpha R(-) BW5147 T lymphoma cells used as parent cells for the establishment of the hybridoma. To study the effect of IgABF on antibody formation, culture filtrates of IgA-treated or untreated T2D4 cells were fractionated on IgA-Sepharose beads and were added to BALB/c spleen cells cultured with pokeweed mitogen. By use of a reverse plaque assay, it was shown that the IgA plaque-forming cell (PFC) response was suppressed by the acid eluate but not by the effluent of IgA Sepharose beads incubated with the filtrates of IgA-treated T2D4 cell cultures. The suppression was IgA specific, because neither IgG nor IgM responses were suppressed by the eluate. As expected, there was no significant IgA suppressive activity in the acid eluates of the beads incubated with the culture filtrate of untreated T2D4 cells or IgA-treated BW5147 cells. IgA-specific suppressive activity proved to be due to IgA binding factor(s), because suppressive activity in the eluate was completely adsorbed by IgA-Sepharose but not by IgG- nor BSA Sepharose. PMID- 6223075 TI - Human monocytes, B lymphocytes, and non-B lymphocytes each have structurally unique Fc gamma receptors. AB - Human Fc gamma-binding macromolecules were isolated from subpopulations of mononuclear cells by repetitive affinity chromatography. Mononuclear cells, nylon wool-filtered cells, plastic-nonadherent cells, and plastic-adherent cells from normal donors were radiolabeled by using 125I and lactoperoxidase. Washed cells were solubilized in 1% NP-40 buffer containing proteinase inhibitors at 0 degrees C. Fc gamma receptors were purified on human IgG-Sepharose columns by use of the repetitive affinity chromatography procedure. Analysis by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis demonstrated only a 52,000 to 58,000 Mr Fc gamma receptor from nonadherent cell populations. Both rosetting and nonrosetting subpopulations of non-B lymphocytes expressed the 52,000 to 58,000 Mr receptor. The predominant Fc gamma receptor isolated from plastic-adherent cells was a 60,000 to 68,000 Mr macromolecule. Cell preparations enriched in B lymphocytes yielded prominent 43,000 Mr Fc gamma receptors. Thus human monocytes, B lymphocytes, and non-B lymphocytes each appear to have structurally distinct and unique Fc gamma receptors. PMID- 6223076 TI - The fate of IgE bound to rat basophilic leukemia cells. II. Endocytosis of IgE oligomers and effect on receptor turnover. AB - We have assessed the internalization of variously sized oligomers of IgE bound to rat basophilic leukemia (RBL) cells by measuring their accessibility to the extracellular environment, and by direct visualization of the radiolabeled ligands. We also followed the fate of the internalized ligands and their receptors, as well as the fate of the free receptor on cells internalizing oligomers. In contrast to monomeric IgE, surface-bound oligomeric IgE was internalized. Notably, dimers provided an effective signal for internalization, although larger oligomers seem to be internalized more efficiently. In our experiments, 48% of the cell-bound dimers and 67% of the trimers were eliminated from the cell surface in 180 min. One-half of the maximal internalization observed with dimers and trimers occurred in 25 and 11 min, respectively. Release of radioactivity into the supernatant followed internalization; the released radioactivity did not bind to fresh cells and was only partially TCA precipitable. Radioactive ligands remaining associated with the cells were unchanged as judged by m.w; they also were shown to remain receptor-bound. During either internalization or release of substantial amounts of the originally cell bound oligomers, there was no increase in IgE-binding activity. In contrast, there was a transient drop (25%) in the number of free surface receptors suggesting internalization of the free receptors together with the oligomer occupied receptor. Cells that failed to release histamine (RBL-I) processed dimeric and trimeric IgE similarly to histamine-releasing (RBL-2H3) cells. We conclude that dimeric and trimeric IgE are internalized by RBL cells and later are released to the medium in a partially degraded form. The ligand-bound receptor seems to be internalized with the ligand, along with some free receptor, and does not appear to be reusable or to recycle rapidly to the cell surface. PMID- 6223077 TI - The interaction of C3b bound to pneumococci with factor H (beta 1H globulin), factor I (C3b/C4b inactivator), and properdin factor B of the human complement system. AB - Pneumococcal cell walls are potent activators of the alternative complement (C) pathway; pneumococcal capsules are not. C3b that is deposited onto the cell walls of encapsulated organisms, however, functions inefficiently in host defense compared to C3b deposited onto capsular polysaccharides. Results of previous studies with guinea pig erythrocytes suggested that C3b deposited onto surfaces that do not activate the alternative pathway is rapidly inactivated. In the present study, we examined the interactions of C3b bound to pneumococcal capsules, to pneumococcal cell walls, and to the surface of sheep erythrocytes (E) with the serum control proteins, Factor H (beta 1H globulin) (H) and Factor I (C3b/4b inactivator) (I), and with Factor B (B) of the alternative C pathway. Conversion of bound C3b to C3bi was assayed by binding of radiolabeled conglutinin in a quantitative binding assay. Neither pneumococcal cell wall C3b nor capsular C3b was converted efficiently to a conglutinin-binding form by serum incubation. Experiments with purified C components showed that, after incubation with H and I, fewer conglutinin-binding sites were created on pneumococci than on E bearing equal numbers of C3b. Molecular analysis demonstrated that this did not result from cleavage of pneumococcal-bound C3b to an unusual, nonconglutinin binding form of the molecule. Binding studies in which radiolabeled H was used demonstrated that the majority of C3b that is bound to both pneumococcal capsules and cell walls bound H with a lower affinity than did E-bound C3b. Studies of the binding of radiolabeled B demonstrated that C3b that was bound to pneumococcal cell walls and to E demonstrated equal affinity for B. In contrast, the majority of C3b that was fixed to pneumococcal capsules bound B with only 1/30 as high affinity. We conclude that pneumococcal capsules are not alternative pathway activators because the low affinity of capsular C3b for B leads to inefficient formation of an alternative pathway convertase, C3bBb. With regard to H binding, both cell wall- and capsular-bound C3b act as if they were in a "protected site" and resist degradation by the control proteins. PMID- 6223078 TI - Induction of granulocyte histaminase release by particle-bound complement C3 cleavage products (C3b, C3bi) and IgG. AB - The interaction of opsonized particles with human granulocytes promotes a number of important biologic functions, including phagocytosis, superoxide generation, and release of a variety of enzymes, including histaminase. We have previously determined that histaminase release occurs via a C3-dependent process. Although fluid-phase C3b dimers can mediate release, the relative effects of particle bound C3b and C3bi and of IgG have not been examined. In this report we demonstrate that particle-bound C3 deposited on activators of the alternative C pathway effected histaminase release in the absence of IgG. Particle-bound C3bi and C3b were both effective as mediators of histaminase release. The extent of release varied as a function of the activating surface on which C3 was deposited (zymosan C3b was considerably more potent than C3b bound to rabbit erythrocytes, which was slightly more potent than C3b bound to neuraminidase-treated sheep erythrocytes). In contrast, C3b or C3bi deposited on nonactivating surfaces (such as sheep erythrocytes) at inputs of up to 2,000,000 molecules per granulocyte failed to induce histaminase release unless IgG was also present. The ability of C3b bound to particles that serve as activators of the alternative pathway to induce histaminase release is apparently not the result of decreased susceptibility of C3b to proteolysis or to an increased binding affinity to the C3b receptor, but may relate to the interaction of other surface structures on activating particles with the PMN membrane. PMID- 6223079 TI - Cells in murine fetal liver and in lymphoid colonies grown from fetal liver can suppress generation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes directed against their self antigens. AB - Fetal liver (FL) cells or, in much smaller numbers, cells in lymphoid colonies grown from FL of mouse strain A can suppress the development of cytotoxic activity in a B anti-A mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) but not a B anti-C MLR. A, B, and C represent three H-2 different mouse strains. Suppressor cells with similar properties have been described in thymus, bone marrow, lymphoid colonies grown from bone marrow, and athymic nude spleen. They have been referred to collectively as "veto cells". From the point of view of the suppressor cells, a response against self is being suppressed. The FL colony suppressor cells differ from those described in that they can sometimes also suppress an A anti-B response. The FL colony suppressor cells are Thy-1- and resistant to 1500 rad irradiation. These cells may play a role in maintenance of self tolerance. That they are found in FL as early as 13 days of gestation implies that potentially self-reactive cells may develop before experiencing the thymus environment. PMID- 6223081 TI - Establishment of a continuous T cell line capable of suppressing anti-tumor immune responses in vivo. AB - This report describes the induction, phenotypic characteristics, and functional properties of a continuous suppressor T cell line. This cell line, UV1, is capable of suppressing anti-tumor immune responses both in vivo and in vitro. The UV1 cell line was derived from a T cell-enriched (nylon wool nonadherent, Ia negative panned fraction) spleen cell population from a ultraviolet radiation (UV) exposed BALB/c Wehi mouse. By using an in vivo functional assay designed to demonstrate tumor-specific UV-induced suppressor T lymphocyte (Ts cell) activity, it was found that UV1 cells were capable of rendering normal syngeneic mice susceptible to the growth of UV-induced regressor tumors. In addition to their suppressive activity in vivo, UV1 cells displayed in vitro suppressive activity by blocking the differentiation of cytotoxic T cells from the draining lymph nodes of UV-tumor immunized animals. By flow cytometric analysis it was determined that UV1 cells expressed a number of T lymphocyte differentiation antigens and did not express any detectable amounts of surface immunoglobulin, I A or E/C antigens, Fc receptors, or macrophage antigens. These data suggest that the UV1 cell line may be representative of the UV-induced Ts cell population and provide a potential means for studying UV-induced immunoregulatory mechanisms in greater detail. PMID- 6223080 TI - Cellular interactions in the cytotoxic T lymphocyte response to herpes simplex virus antigens: differential antigen activation requirements for the helper T lymphocyte and cytotoxic T lymphocyte precursors. AB - The role and induction requirements of helper T lymphocyte responses to herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) was examined. Splenocytes from mice that had been primed in vivo with infectious HSV-1 can be restimulated in vitro with live or partially UV-inactivated HSV-1 to generate high levels of herpes virus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) activity. By comparison, naive splenocytes or splenocytes taken from mice primed with heat-inactivated HSV-1 failed to generate CTL after in vitro viral stimulation. In addition, infectious HSV-primed splenocytes can be rendered unresponsive to secondary in vitro restimulation by pretreatment with anti-Lyt-1 antiserum plus complement. Spleen cells were taken from mice that had been primed and restimulated in vivo with infectious HSV-1. Two days after the second priming, splenocytes were prepared and irradiated. These cells were capable of assisting in the generation of CTL to varying degrees in all of the above unresponsive populations of cells. The irradiated cells did not produce detectable levels of CTL activity when cultured alone with antigen. Also, if the irradiated splenocytes were treated with anti-Lyt-1 plus complement before their addition to cultures, all restorative activity was ablated. In contrast, irradiated splenocytes from mice that had been primed and restimulated in vivo with either heat-inactivated or UV-inactivated HSV-1 were unable to provide help to naive or helper-depleted cultures. The failure to supply helper activity appears not to involve the preferential activation of suppressor cells, as evidenced by cell mixing experiments and the addition of concentrated, antigen stimulated spleen cell supernatant fluids to secondary anti-HSV-1 splenocyte cultures. Proliferative assays using interleukin 2- (IL 2) dependent cell lines as a measure of relative helper activity indicated that the inactivated forms of HSV-1 were incapable of effectively enlisting helper activity. These experiments therefore suggest that the observed failure of heat-inactivated or UV-inactivated HSV-1 preparations to induce anti-HSV CTL responses reflects the inability of the HSV-1-specific subset of helper T lymphocytes to recognize these forms of the antigen. PMID- 6223082 TI - The optimal activation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes requires metabolically intact stimulator cells not only for the activation of the interleukin 2-producing helper cells. PMID- 6223084 TI - LY-2+ effectors cytotoxic for syngeneic tumor cells: generation by allogeneic stimulation and by supernatants from mixed leukocyte cultures. AB - The present study was aimed at gaining insight into means by which stimulation of mouse spleen cells with allogeneic normal cells in mixed leukocyte cultures (MLC) can result in the generation of effector cells cytotoxic for syngeneic tumor or transformed cells. Stimulation of lymphocytes from BALB/c or C3H mice for 5 days with cells from mice of every allogeneic strain tested, in medium containing mouse serum and lacking xenogeneic serum, resulted in the activation of effectors cytotoxic for syngeneic cells transformed spontaneously or by SV40, polyoma or adenovirus. In each experiment, all of the syngeneic transformed cell lines, as well as clones derived from these lines, were lysed to the highest degree by effectors obtained from the same culture, and therefore stimulated with cells from the same allogeneic strain. Although the particular allogeneic sensitizing strain that induced the highest cytolytic activity varied between experiments, effectors obtained from the culture with the highest cell recovery always exhibited the greatest cytotoxicity against all the syngeneic transformed cells and clones. Lysis was mediated predominantly by Ly-2+ effectors; total lytic units of cytotoxicity recovered after treatment with monoclonal anti-Ly-2 antibody and complement (C) were reduced by 85 to 90% compared to cells treated with C alone. Lysis of syngeneic tumor cells by the allosensitized effectors in cytotoxicity assays was not inhibited by the addition of unlabeled "blocking" lymphocytes from the allogeneic strain used for sensitization. In addition, it was found that lymphocytes cultured without stimulating cells for 5 days in medium supplemented with supernatants from secondary MLC that are known to contain high levels of lymphokines, mediated high levels of cytotoxicity on all the transformed cells tested, but lacked detectable cytotoxic activity for syngeneic or allogeneic Con A blasts. The MLC supernatant-activated effectors that lyse the transformed cells are phenotypically CTL, because treatment with anti-Ly-2 and C reduced lytic activity by approximately 75%. Taken together, these findings suggest that the generation in MLC of Ly-2+ effector cells cytotoxic for syngeneic transformed cell lines might not be due, in some cases, to lymphocyte responses to particular alloantigens on the stimulating cells that are cross-reactive with "alien" histocompatibility antigens on transformed cells, but rather is due to effector cell activation by lymphokines produced during allogeneic stimulation. PMID- 6223083 TI - Transplantation tolerance: Lyt-1+2- helper T cells require a second proliferation signal to overcome Lyt- 1-2+ suppressor T cell activity. AB - This study investigated why nude mouse T cell precursors that differentiated in an allogeneic thymus graft were rendered tolerant to alloantigens of the thymus genotype. Our results showed that Lyt- 1-,2+ suppressor T cells inhibited clonal expansion of helper T cells reactive to thymus-donor alloantigens as the mechanism of tolerance. This suppressor T cell activity could be modulated in vitro with either exogenous interleukin 2 (IL 2) or anti-Lyt-1 monoclonal antibody as an IL 2 inducer. Monoclonal antibody stimulation of IL 2 production by primed helper T cells was effective even in the presence of suppressor T cells. These results indicate: i) that alloantigen-specific helper T cells were not defective in their ability to recognize alloantigens of the thymus-donor genotype and to produce IL 2; ii) that Lyt-1-,2+ suppressor T cells prevented Lyt 1+,2- helper T cells specific for the thymus-donor alloantigens from producing IL 2; and iii) that signals delivered through binding of anti-Lyt-1 antibody modulated suppressor activity on alloantigen-primed helper T cells and permitted IL 2 production by these helper T cells. Accordingly, a delicate balance of helper and suppressor T cell activity was required for the maintenance of transplantation tolerance. Furthermore, these results argue against clonal deletion of Lyt-1+,2- helper T cells reactive to alloantigens of the thymic genotype as a mechanism of such transplantation tolerance. PMID- 6223085 TI - Suppressor cell activity in uterine decidua correlates with success or failure of murine pregnancies. PMID- 6223086 TI - Two classes of bystander B cell response: activation requirements reflect those of B cells in general. AB - Bystander anti-sheep red blood cell (SRBC) antibody responses were induced in cultures containing unprimed B cells, SRBC, particulate or soluble eliciting antigen, and helper T (Th) cells primed to the eliciting antigen. The use of long term cultured Th cells, depleted of alloreactive cells, allowed direct assessment of the requirements for major histocompatibility complex- (MHC) restricted interactions in the cellular events leading to bystander B cell activation. H-2 restricted Th cell activation limited all bystander B cell responses; however, the requirement for H-2 restricted Th-B cell interactions varied with the state of activation of the responding B cell population before assay. Thus, we defined two classes of bystander B cell response. Activation of small (i.e., resting) SRBC-specific bystander B cells, purified by density gradient centrifugation, was completely restricted by B cell MHC. The requirement for high concentrations of eliciting antigen suggests that nonspecific binding of soluble or particulate antigen to the responding B cell surface plays a mandatory role leading to the activation of resting bystander B cells. The concomitant requirement for a restricted Th-B cell interaction suggests that this role is one of focusing antigen-specific, H-2 restricted T cell help to the resting B cell. In contrast, bystander responses, unrestricted by B cell MHC, were generated exclusively from large (i.e., blasted) B cells limited only by Th cell activation. This class of SRBC-specific bystander response correlated with an SRBC-dependent increase in the number of cells secreting antibodies that recognized degraded mouse RBC. Thus, we propose that the H-2 unrestricted anti-SRBC response is derived from the amplification of B cells activated in vivo to degraded homologous RBC. Both classes of anti-SRBC response were enhanced by the presence of the bystander antigen. This phenomenom is discussed in terms of a mitotic advantage provided by the interaction of antigen with surface immunoglobulin on specific bystander B cells. PMID- 6223087 TI - In vitro activity and in vivo correlates of alloantigen-specific murine suppressor T cells induced by allogeneic pregnancy. AB - The fetus that results from allogeneic mating in an outbred population bears a variety of antigens against which the maternal immune system reacts, but the type of immunity that is elicited by pregnancy does not mediate graft rejection. Previous studies have demonstrated the presence of nonspecific non-thymus derived suppressor cells in the lymph nodes draining the uterus (DLN) and in the uterine decidua during first allogeneic pregnancy. These suppressor cells appear to be small lymphoid cells that inhibit the generation of cytotoxic T cells (CTL) against paternal alloantigens. We now report that after a single allogeneic pregnancy, C3H and A strain mice develop paternal alloantigen-specific suppressor T cells (Thy-1.2+, Lyt-1-2+) that are distributed systemically in peripheral lymph nodes and spleen. These suppressor cells appear to act directly on CTL generation because the frequency of CTL precursors and the ability to produce T helper cells in response to paternal alloantigens remains unchanged after allogeneic pregnancy. Suppressor T cell activity could be detected both in vitro and in vivo, and the presence of suppression in vivo was associated with increased uterine weight 5 days after inoculation of allogeneic paternal tumor cells into the uterus of pseudopregnant mice. Nevertheless, both subcutaneous and intrauterine tumor inocula regressed in these mice with suppressor T cells. The possible role of suppressor T cells in contrast to non-T suppressor cells in successful reproduction and allopregnancy-induced tolerance is discussed. PMID- 6223088 TI - Suppressive effect of human natural killer cells on pokeweed mitogen-induced B cell differentiation. AB - The suppressive effect of human natural killer (NK) cells on B cell differentiation induced by pokeweed mitogen (PWM) was investigated. By using Percoll discontinuous density gradient centrifugation, peripheral blood nonphagocytic and nonadherent mononuclear cells were divided into low and high density fractions for which NK cells (Large granular lymphocytes, LGL) and T cells were enriched, respectively. These fractionated mononuclear cells were co cultured with purified autologous B cells in the presence of PWM, and were examined for their helper and suppressor activities on differentiation of B cells to immunoglobulin-(IgM and IgG) producing cells by a highly sensitive reversed hemolytic plaque assay. The T cell-enriched high density fractions provided help for B cell differentiation to levels higher than that of unfractionated mononuclear cells. On the other hand, the NK-enriched low density fractions did not show helper activity, and when added to the culture of B cells plus helper T cells, they markedly suppressed B cell differentiation. This suppressive activity, as well as the NK cytotoxicity of the NK-enriched fractions, was abrogated by treatment of the cells with monoclonal antibody against human NK cells (HNK-1), but not against T cells (OKT3) in the presence of complement. NK cells also suppressed PWM-driven B cell differentiation in the presence of T4+ (helper/inducer T) but not T8+ (cytotoxic/suppressor T) cells; however, they showed no inhibition of soluble factor-induced B cell differentiation assayed in the absence of helper T cells. It is thus concluded that human peripheral blood NK cells exhibit an ability to suppress PWM-driven B cell differentiation, possibly by acting through the effect on helper T cells but not directly on B cells. PMID- 6223089 TI - Inhibition of human natural killer (NK) activity and antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) by lipomodulin, a phospholipase inhibitory protein. AB - A highly purified preparation of lipomodulin, a phospholipase-inhibitory protein from rabbit neutrophils treated with glucocorticoids, inhibited NK and antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) activities of human peripheral blood lymphocytes in a dose-dependent manner. The presence of lipomodulin during the early period of the cytotoxicity assay was necessary to obtain maximal inhibition. The inhibition of NK or ADCC activity by lipomodulin was greater when effector cells were treated with lipomodulin than when target cells were incubated with lipomodulin. As lipomodulin did not block binding of effector cells to target cells, our results suggest that lipomodulin inhibits the cytolytic phase of NK and ADCC activities after binding to target cells, and imply that phospholipase(s) may be involved in NK and ADCC activities. PMID- 6223090 TI - Characterization of human T lymphocytes that express the C3b receptor. AB - The presence of the C3b receptor (C3bR) on human peripheral blood T lymphocytes was recognized by the capacity of rabbit F(ab')2 anti-C3bR and tetramethylrhodamine isothiocyanate (TRITC)-conjugated goat F(ab')2 anti-rabbit F(ab')2 to stain 14.5 +/- 3.7% (mean +/- SEM; n = 5) of lymphocytes forming rosettes with sheep erythrocytes (E). The F(ab')2 anti-C3bR also blocked the capacity of peripheral blood lymphocytes stained with OKT11 to form rosettes with bovine E bearing C3b and immunoprecipitated a single membrane protein having a m.w. of approximately 250,000 from detergent lysates of 125I-labeled, purified T cells. Measurement by fluorescent flow cytometry of the quantitative expression of the C3bR indicated that T cells had slightly more antigenic sites/cell than did E and approximately 10-fold fewer sites than were present on B cells. The surface constituents of the peripheral blood T cells expressing the C3bR were assessed in an assay that employed simultaneously three markers: rosette formation with sheep E, TRITC staining with anti-C3bR and fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-staining with a panel of monoclonal antibodies or with aggregated IgG. Among lymphocytes forming rosettes with sheep E and expressing the C3bR, 99.6 +/- 0.4%, 65.0 +/- 5.8%, 17.2 +/- 6.2%, and 15.3 +/- 5.0% of the cells expressed antigens detected by OKT3, OKT4, OKT8, and OKM1 monoclonal antibodies, respectively. Ninety-seven per cent of the C3bR-bearing T cells were also capable of specifically binding aggregated IgG, indicating the presence of Fc receptors for IgG (Fc gamma R) on these cells. The T cells expressing the C3bR had large nuclei, thin rims of basophilic cytoplasm and no azurophilic granules. Thus, the C3bR is present on some T cells, all of which have a typical lymphocyte morphology, the T3 antigen and the Fc gamma R. PMID- 6223091 TI - Migration of human helper/inducer T cells in response to supernatants from Con A stimulated suppressor/cytotoxic T cells. AB - Previous studies have shown that supernatants from Con A-stimulated human mononuclear cells are chemotactic for T cells, and that the source of the activity is the Leu-2 (suppressor/cytotoxic) T cell. The specificity of this chemoattractant activity for Leu-2 and/or Leu-3 (helper/inducer) T cells was analyzed with isolated human T cell subsets in an in vitro chemotaxis assay system. These studies demonstrate that both human Leu-2 and Leu-3 cells migrate in response to the lymphocyte locomotor stimulus casein, whereas only Leu-3 cells migrate in response to supernatants from Con A-stimulated mononuclear cells. This migration of Leu-3 cells to the Con A supernatant was reflected in both the distance migrated and the number of migrating cells. When Leu-2 cell locomotion in response to Con A supernatants was analyzed, no significant differences from control were observed in either the distance migrated or the number of migrating cells. Supernatants from Con A-stimulated Leu-2 cells similarly attracted Leu-3 cells but not Leu-2 cells in a concentration-dependent manner. Supernatants from Con A-stimulated Leu-3 cells did not stimulate either Leu-2 or Leu-3 cell migration. These studies demonstrate that Leu-3 T cells migrate in response to supernatants from Con A-stimulated Leu-2 T cells. This specific response may promote cell-to-cell interaction by providing a means for Leu-2 T cells to recruit Leu-3 T cells. PMID- 6223092 TI - Modulation of surface antigens of a human monocyte cell line, U937, during incubation with T lymphocyte-conditioned medium: detection of T4 antigen and its presence on normal blood monocytes. AB - The human monocyte line, U937, derived from an individual with histiocytic lymphoma, undergoes morphological and functional changes when incubated with medium conditioned by lectin-stimulated cloned human T lymphocytes. Using monoclonal antibodies and flow cytometry, we therefore analyzed alterations in surface components that might accompany these morphological changes, in comparison with components present on normal blood monocytes. The U937 cells possess three surface antigens in common with blood monocytes, detected with OKM1, 4F2, and anti-monocyte.2 (the last monocyte specific). DR antigen was not detectable on U937 cells with three anti-DR framework antibodies but was detected on blood monocytes. Unexpectedly, OKT4, a monoclonal antibody to T4 antigen previously believed to be restricted to helper T lymphocytes, also reacted with U937 cells. Six monoclonal antibodies to other epitopes on T4 also reacted with U937 cells. None of these could be inhibited by blocking of Fc receptors. T4 with its various epitopes were also expressed on normal human blood monocytes. Other lymphocyte surface markers (T3, T8, T6) and fibronectin were not detectable on U937 cells or monocytes. An individual, whose lymphocytes lacked the epitope detected with OKT4 but had epitopes detected with OKT4 A, B, C, and D, had monocytes with identical reactivity, evidence that the T4 on monocytes and lymphocytes are products of the same structural gene. Stimulation of U937 cells for 24 hours with supernatants from Con A-stimulated T lymphocyte clones caused an increase in expression of OKM1 and Fc receptor activity and a decrease in expression of T4, consistent with a more mature phenotype of blood monocytes. Although the function of the T4 molecule is unknown, it is notable that it is displayed by two cells of distinct lineage which interact in the response to soluble antigens. PMID- 6223093 TI - A defect in the suppressor circuits among OKT4+ cell populations in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus occurs independently of a defect in the OKT8+ suppressor T cell function. AB - The autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) is thought to be part of a regulatory role of T cells on B cell function. OKT4+, but not OKT8+, cells can proliferate in response to autologous non-T cells. Moreover, the OKT4+ cell population activated early in the course of autologous MLR functioned as inducer cells for the differentiation of B cells, whereas later in the response, the activated OKT4+ cells were particularly enriched in suppressor cells. A part of the autologous MLR appears to be an important pathway for the activation of feedback suppression mechanisms among cells contained within the OKT4+ populations. Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) were studied with regard to the following OKT4+ cell functions in vitro after activation in the autologous MLR: a) proliferative response, and b) helper and suppressor activities for differentiation of B cells. A marked reduction in the proliferative response of OKT4+ cells was observed in SLE patients. SLE OKT4+ cells activated in the autologous MLR could function as helper cells but could not exert any suppressor activity. This OKT4+ cell abnormality was present regardless of the disease activity, and occurred in the absence of autoantibodies including anti-T cell antibodies. Instead, SLE anti-T cell antibodies could preferentially eliminate cells bearing the OKT8+ phenotype characteristic of suppressor cells in populations of normal T cells. These results suggest that the defect in the suppressor circuits among OKT4+ cell populations is intrinsic to SLE lymphocytes and that the OKT8+ suppressor T cell defect is caused by antibodies produced by the B cells of SLE patients. PMID- 6223095 TI - Tryptic peptide disparity between serologically indistinguishable guinea pig Ia.3,5 antigens. AB - Serological studies have suggested that the DHCBA strain guinea pig expresses an I region which is identical to that of strain 13. However, chemical characterization of Ia.3,5 molecules isolated from these two strains has indicated that these serologically indistinguishable Ia molecules are actually chemically distinct. Ia.3,5 molecules biosynthetically labeled with either [3H]leucine, [3H]arginine, or [3H]lysine were purified by ricin affinity chromatography and isolated by indirect immunoprecipitation with specific alloantisera. Initial examination of the two Ia.3,5 molecules by SDS-PAGE, isoelectric focusing, and two-dimensional gel analyses revealed no strain specific differences. Furthermore, comparative peptide mapping of the DHCBA and strain 13 radiolabeled Ia.3,5 alpha-chains demonstrated complete peptide homology. In contrast, tryptic peptide maps of amino acid radiolabeled beta chains revealed two peptides unique to the strain 13 beta-chain and one peptide unique to the DHCBA beta-chain. Analysis of [3H] mannose-labeled beta-chain tryptic peptides verified that the peptide differences observed using 3H-amino acids were not due to variation in N-linked glycosylation. However, strain specific variability was also noted in the profiles of [3H]mannose-labeled beta chains. These data indicate that the strain 13 and DHCBA alpha-chains are probably structurally identical, while the beta-chains show strain specific alterations in their chemical structure. PMID- 6223094 TI - Coordinate production by a T cell hybridoma of gamma interferon and three other lymphokine activities: multiple activities of a single lymphokine? AB - The T cell hybridoma FS7-20, produced by the fusion of normal B10.BR T cells to the AKR thymoma BW5147, was found when stimulated with concanavalin A (Con A) to produce the lymphokines: interleukin 2 (IL 2), interferon-gamma (IFN gamma), macrophage-activating factor (MAF), Ia induction factor IaIF), and the B cell helper factor interleukin X (IL X). The clones and subclones of FS7-20 varied dramatically in their ability to produce these lymphokines, presumably because of karyotypic variations. The ability to produce IL 2 segregated independently from the ability to produce the four other lymphokine activities; however, production of the latter activities showed a strong correlation. This coordinate production of IFN gamma, MAF, IaIF, and IL X was also observed with a cloned normal cytotoxic T cell line, cr15. These results suggest either that IFN gamma, MAF, IaIF, and IL X are all manifestations of a single molecular species or that, although these activities are different structurally, their production is controlled by a common genetic mechanism. In support of the first possibility, the IFN gamma, MAF, IaIF, and IL X activity produced by FS7-20 were all found to be equally sensitive to inactivation at pH 2. These results illustrate the usefulness of using T cell hybridomas for the study of lymphokines. PMID- 6223096 TI - Leukocyte complement: a possible role for C5 in lymphocyte stimulation. AB - The results presented here show that Fab' antibody fragments directed to complement proteins C5, C6, and C7 inhibit lymphocyte stimulation in mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC) by up to 65%, as determined by decreased incorporation of 3H-thymidine. Lymphocyte stimulation induced by PHA-mitogen was also inhibited up to 100% by anti-C5 Fab'. Specificity of these reactions was established by the findings that goat anti-C5 or murine hybridoma anti-C5 both inhibited MLC; the inhibitory activity of anti-C5 Fab' was absorbed with highly purified C5 (but not with C3), and antibody directed to C3 did not inhibit lymphocyte stimulation by MLC or PHA. The effects of anti-C5 were exerted in a nontoxic manner. Cleavage of lymphocyte associated C5 with factor B (Bb) or with trypsin resulted in stimulation of lymphocyte thymidine incorporation. Purified C5a was found to induce lymphocyte stimulation in serum-free medium in pulse-chase types of experiments. Anti-C6 and C7 Fab' also inhibited lymphocyte stimulation induced in one-way MLC. These results suggest that C5, C5a, and/or C6 and C7 may play a role in triggering of lymphocyte blastogenesis. PMID- 6223097 TI - Increase of MLC sensitivity by elimination of a non-adherent responder cell subpopulation with anti-macrophage serum. AB - A specific rabbit anti-rat macrophage antiserum (SAM) was prepared with a cytotoxic reactivity pattern complementary to that of a specific anti-lymphocyte serum. This was used to characterise adherent and non-adherent spleen cell subpopulations in mixed lymphocyte cultures. Adherent SAM+ cells reacted as accessory cells whereas non-adherent SAM+ cells were suppressors. Selective elimination thus achieved resulted in a highly significant increase of MLC reactivity in certain strain combinations and in conversion from non-reactivity to reactivity in others. PMID- 6223098 TI - Endocrinology of acne. PMID- 6223099 TI - Plasma androgens in women with acne vulgaris. AB - We have studied a group of young adult women of mean age 23.8 +/- 6.5 (SD) years with only acne (A, n = 46), only hirsutism (H, n = 10), and acne plus hirsutism (A + H, n = 19) who sought dermatologic care. We measured the androgens, total and free testosterone (T), free 17 beta-hydroxysteroids (17-beta), dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DS), and the androgen precursors 17 alpha hydroxypregnenolone (17-Preg) and 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone (17-Prog), as well as testosterone-estrogen binding globulin in all patients. Plasma hormone levels of the patients were compared to those of 23 controls of mean age 25.6 +/- 6.6 years who had neither acne nor hirsutism. Mean levels of all hormones measured, except 17-Preg, were elevated in the women with acne. Fifty-two percent of Group A, 60% of Group H, and 63% of Group A + H patients had at least one abnormal hormone level. The most frequently elevated plasma androgens in all the women with acne were: free T 25%, free 17-beta 23%, and DS 19%. Total T was high in only 12%. Elevations of plasma androgens were present in some women who did not have hirsutism or irregular menses. Identification of endocrine abnormalities in women with acne may potentially offer an opportunity for hormonal therapy. PMID- 6223100 TI - The control of mammalian cell proliferation by growth factors, basement lamina, and lipoproteins. AB - The effect of growth factors such as fibroblast growth factor on the production of a basement lamina by cultured endothelial cells has been investigated. The ability of these cells to grow and differentiate properly correlated with their ability to produce a basement lamina. The effect of such a substrate on the growth, differentiation, and aging of cells in vitro, as well as its use for the long-term culture of either normal diploid cells or tumor cells, is reviewed. PMID- 6223101 TI - [Effect of extra corporeal circulation on cardiac function and myocardial ultrastructure--A comparative study in the groups with and without aortic cross clamping and left ventricular hypertrophy]. PMID- 6223102 TI - [Giant left atrium in mitral valvular disease--the effect of left atrium plication for the compression to the lung and bronchus]. PMID- 6223103 TI - [Giant left atrium in mitral valvular disease-postoperative respiratory distress by the compression to the lung and bronchus]. PMID- 6223104 TI - [Diagnosis of poor R wave progression in precordial mapping electrocardiography]. PMID- 6223105 TI - Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. PMID- 6223106 TI - Thrombin activity of fibrin thrombi and soluble plasmic derivatives. AB - Fibrin was prepared from purified fibrinogen, plasma, and pathologic arterial thrombi and assayed for thrombin activity. Activity was detected on fibrin from each of these sources when assayed by three techniques: the rate of release of FPA from fibrinogen, a clotting time assay, and the rate of hydrolysis of the chromogenic substrate S-2238. Of the labeled thrombin initially associated with fibrin during clot formation in vitro, all but 10% to 15% could be removed easily by manual compression or by incubation in buffer. Radiolabeled thrombin that remained bound to clots of purified fibrinogen retained full functional activity, whereas that bound to plasma clots expressed only 4% of expected activity. Plasmic lysis of fibrin from clots of purified fibrinogen released bound thrombin quantitatively into solution in active form. The solubilized thrombin retained association with specific macromolecular fibrin derivatives as demonstrated by sedimentation analysis, electrophoretic co-migration, and partitioning in agarose gel. Plasmic lysates of fibrin prepared in vitro from plasma or pathologic arterial clots also expressed thrombin activity, in an amount similar to the fibrin from which they were prepared. Our studies demonstrate the presence of functionally active thrombin on fibrin prepared from in vitro clots and in vivo thrombi as well as in association with soluble plasmic derivatives of these substrates. This activity may constitute a prothrombotic influence and may contribute to the elevated FPA-levels seen in patients with thrombotic disease. PMID- 6223107 TI - "One jumped off the balance beam": meta-analysis of perceptual-motor training. PMID- 6223108 TI - Is hirsutism an evolving syndrome? AB - The possibility that hirsutism is an evolving syndrome rather than a static condition involving only one gland has been considered. To assess this proposal 60 untreated hirsute patients aged 12-32 years were divided into five groups according to the duration of the hirsutism (less than 1, 1-2, 2-3, 3-5 and greater than 5 years). Peripheral plasma concentrations of LH and FSH, androstenedione, dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate, testosterone, 5 alpha dihydrotestosterone, 5 alpha-androstane-3 alpha, 17 beta-diol, 5 alpha-androstane 3 beta, 17 beta-diol, cortisol, oestradiol-17 beta and oestrone were determined by radioimmunoassay. When the values obtained were compared with those from normal menstruating women, the results showed that in group I there was a significant increase only in the mean plasma 5 alpha-androstane-3 alpha, 17 beta diol concentration. The mean concentration of this steroid was also raised in all other groups. In groups II and III mean basal levels of plasma dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate were also significantly increased and showed a marked increase after ACTH stimulation (1 mg tetracosactide acetate, i.m.) as did the concentrations of androstenedione and 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone. Finally, in groups IV and V, a significant increase in mean plasma concentrations of LH, androstenedione, oestrone and testosterone was found in the basal condition. The clinical picture also became gradually more severe from group I to group V. These data suggest that hirsutism could be an evolving syndrome progressively involving peripheral androgen metabolism, the adrenal gland and finally the ovary possibly through alterations of hypothalamic-pituitary function. PMID- 6223109 TI - Influence of certain steroids on lymphocyte transformation in sheep and goats studied in vitro. AB - The effect of various steroids on lymphocyte transformation was tested with peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) from sheep and goats. Transformation was induced with phytohaemagglutinin, pokeweed mitogen and Concanavalin A, and by allogeneic lymphocytes (mixed lymphocyte culture). Progestagens, androgens and corticosteroids inhibited mitogen-induced transformation of lymphocytes from both species. With sheep PBL, progestagens and androgens inhibited transformation at high concentrations. Progesterone and its less active metabolites 5 alpha pregnanedione and 20 alpha-dihydro-progesterone were equally inhibitory. Corticosteroids were more effective than other steroids at concentrations of less than 1 mumol/l. Oestrogens had relatively little effect with the exception of diethylstilboestrol which markedly enhanced sheep PBL responses to mitogen. Structural comparisons suggested that the most suppressive C-19 and C-21 steroids possessed 4-en-3-one configuration in ring A, and that inhibitory activity was enhanced by C-17 alpha substitution as in 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone. The steroid effects on PBL were largely unaffected by the reproductive status of the donor, were exerted during the early pre-replicative phase rather than at the time of new DNA synthesis, and were not attributable to cytoxicity nor to changes in intracellular thymidine pools. An exception was found with the non-steroidal oestrogen, diethylstilboestrol, which enhanced the response to mitogen-treated cultures of sheep lymphocytes at both early and late phases of the cell cycle. It is concluded that several naturally occurring steroids affect the responsiveness of PBL to mitogenic stimuli, and that progesterone and/or certain of its metabolites may be effective in vivo when present at the high concentrations found in the utero-ovarian lymphatic network draining the gravid uterus or at the trophoblast-maternal interface in the sheep and goat. PMID- 6223110 TI - Serotonin-reinstatement of luteinizing hormone surges after loss of positive feedback in ovariectomized rats bearing subcutaneous capsules containing oestrogen. PMID- 6223111 TI - Restricted adult clonal profiles induced by neonatal immunization. Influence of suppressor T cells. AB - The effects of neonatal antigen exposure on the adult B cell repertoire have been examined by characterizing the influenza hemagglutinin (HA)-specific response of adult BALB/c mice given antigen soon after birth. Ligand exposure during early life exerts a profound and lasting effect upon the B cell repertoire, characterized by the expansion and preservation of particular antigen-reactive clones and the apparent loss of others. The precise subset of clonotypes selectively preserved depends upon the age at which antigen is first encountered; and is predictable given a knowledge of the emerging primary pool's dynamics and composition. The preserved (secondary) B cells differ from their unprimed precursors with respect to (a) expression of the surface marker detected by the monoclonal antibody J11d, and (b) susceptibility to T cell-mediated suppression. These studies thus demonstrate a strong relationship between the heritable dynamics of the emerging primary B cell repertoire and the effect of ligand driven events upon repertoire phenotype. In addition, they provide a mechanistic model for certain forms of antigen-induced oligoclonal dominance, especially the phenomenon of original antigenic sin. PMID- 6223112 TI - Immunoregulatory T cell circuits in man. Alloantigen-primed inducer T cells activate alloantigen-specific suppressor T cells in the absence of the initial antigenic stimulus. AB - Although alloantigen-specific suppressor T cells are generated in MLR, the cellular signals that lead to activation of suppressor T cells as opposed to cytotoxic T cells are unknown. The current study was undertaken to characterize interactions among T cell subsets involved in the generation of suppressor T cells in MLR. Human peripheral blood Leu-2+ (suppressor/cytotoxic) and Leu-3+ (helper/inducer) T cell subsets were activated with allogeneic non-T cells and then examined for their inductive effects on fresh autologous T cells. Fresh Leu 2+ cells proliferated in response to alloantigen-primed Leu-3+ cells and subsequently suppressed the response of fresh autologous Leu-3+ cells to the original, but not third party, allogeneic stimulator non-T cells. Moreover, only Leu-2+ cells that lacked the 9.3 marker, an antigen present on the majority of T cells including precursors of cytotoxic T cells, differentiated into suppressor cells. The alloantigen-specific suppressive effect of Leu-2+,9.3-cells was not mediated by cytolysis of allogeneic stimulator cells, nor could it be explained by alteration of MLR kinetics. Suppression was observed only when activated Leu 2+ cells were added to fresh MLRs within 24 h of initiation of cultures, suggesting that these cells block an early phase of the activation of Leu-3+ cells in MLR. These results indicate that alloantigen-primed inducer T cells can activate alloantigen-specific suppressor T cells in the absence of allogeneic stimulator cells. PMID- 6223113 TI - Quantitative studies on T cell diversity. IV. Mathematical analysis of multiple limiting populations of effector and suppressor T cells. AB - Limiting dilution (LD) analyses of polyclonally activated T cells yielded results suggesting the existence of multiple paired populations of effector and suppressor precursors for a number of different T cell functions and specificities analyzed. These populations occur at graded frequencies and suppression occurs within a pair but not between pairs. In this paper, we establish the mathematical basis for the interpretation of these multi-component limiting dilution results. First, we derive equations for a number of mathematical models and identify one model that both makes biological sense and can be used to reproduce experimental data. Second, within this model, we identify parameters such as the frequency of suppressive cells and the number of suppressive cells required for suppression. The results suggest that within each paired population, suppressor precursors are 20 times more frequent that effector precursors. Furthermore, a similar but variable excess of suppressor cells is required for suppression to become effective. Together with the high frequency (1/50-1/500) of most effector T cell precursors previously reported, the results suggest that up to 40% of the T cells can become involved in suppression of an antigen-specific effector T cell population. These studies may provide exact estimates for predictions to be tested in experiments on immune regulation. PMID- 6223115 TI - [Relationship between soft tissue calcification and calcium--phosphorus product in uremic patients studied by 99mTc-methylene diphosphonate bone scan]. PMID- 6223114 TI - Mechanism of immune suppression by ultraviolet irradiation in vivo. I. Evidence for the existence of a unique photoreceptor in skin and its role in photoimmunology. AB - UV irradiation of mice causes a systemic immune alteration that can be detected either by suppression of the immunologic rejection of UV-induced tumors, or by suppression of contact hypersensitivity (CHS). Suppression of these two immunologic responses has similar photobiologic characteristics and in both cases is associated with the generation of antigen-specific suppressor T cells. To identify whether a specific photoreceptor for this effect exists, the relative wavelength effectiveness (action spectrum) was determined for the UV-induced suppression of CHS. Narrow bands of UV (half bandwidth 3 nm) were used at 10 wavelengths from 250 to 320 nm to obtain dose-response curves. Irradiation with each of these bands of UV caused dose-dependent immunosuppression of CHS, but with differing effectiveness. Immunosuppression was clearly separable from the generation of gross skin damage and inflammation. Further, immunosuppression by the most effective wavelength (270 nm) was associated with the generation of antigen-specific suppressor cells. The action spectrum derived from the dose response curves has a maximum between 260 and 270 nm, a shoulder at 280-290 nm, and declines steadily to approximately 3% of maximum at 320 nm. The finding of such a clearly defined wavelength dependence implies the presence of a specific photoreceptor for this effect. Removing the stratum corneum by tape stripping before UV irradiation prevented the suppression of CHS using 254-nm radiation, suggesting the photoreceptor is superficially located in the skin. A number of epidermal compounds with absorption spectra similar to the action spectrum are discussed and evaluated with respect to their potential for being the photoreceptor. Based on (a) the close fit of its absorption spectrum to the action spectrum, (b) its superficial location in the stratum corneum, and (c) its photochemical properties, the hypothesis is advanced that the photoreceptor for systemic UV-induced immunosuppression of contact hypersensitivity may be urocanic acid. As such, it may also play a role in UV-induced carcinogenesis via the production of tumor-specific suppressor cells. PMID- 6223116 TI - [Instrumental treatment and therapeutic indications in sinusitis]. PMID- 6223117 TI - [Etiology and diagnostic classification of unilateral perceptual deafness in children and adults (apropos of 100 cases)]. PMID- 6223118 TI - [The stapes reflex in the physician's office]. PMID- 6223119 TI - [Transmaxillary repair buccopharyngectomy: technic and preliminary results]. PMID- 6223120 TI - [Pedicle flaps in cancer surgery of the oral cavity]. PMID- 6223121 TI - [Chronic otorrhea in children]. PMID- 6223122 TI - [A century of otorhinolaryngology]. PMID- 6223123 TI - [Endoscopy in otorhinolaryngology from 1850 to 1950]. PMID- 6223124 TI - [Surgical treatment of Meniere's syndrome by sacculotomy and cochleosacculotomy]. PMID- 6223125 TI - [Value of systematic irradiation of all lymphatic areas of the neck in cancers of the ORL field]. PMID- 6223126 TI - [Surgical orientation in active fibroadhesive otitis]. PMID- 6223127 TI - [Lingual thyroid]. PMID- 6223128 TI - [Clinical case : mucoid cyst of the larynx]. PMID- 6223129 TI - [Musculocutaneous island flap of the great pectoralis muscle in oncologic cervicofacial surgery : technic and indications]. PMID- 6223130 TI - Effect of experimental dengue virus infection on immune response of the host. I. Nature of changes in T suppressor cell activity regulating the B and T cell responses to heterologous antigens. AB - Dengue virus-infected mice showed a depressed antibody response to polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) when compared to controls. In both control and dengue virus-infected animals which were treated with anti-thymocyte serum (ATS) and primed with PVP, there was a heightened antibody response to PVP, suggesting that the anti-PVP response was controlled by T suppressor cells. The increase in the anti-PVP response in dengue virus-infected, ATS-treated animals was found to be similar to that seen in ATS-treated controls. T cells from infected animals could transfer suppression of anti-PVP response to normal mice, whereas the T cells from control animals could not induce significant suppression. The T cells from dengue virus-infected animals which had received 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB) tolerogen could induce in normal mice a significantly higher percentage of tolerance to contact sensitivity to DNFB when compared to the control T cells. The adherent and B cells from both infected and control animals failed to induce significant tolerance. These findings suggested that during dengue virus infection, there is enhanced T suppressor cell activity regulating the B cell response to PVP and T cell response to DNFB. PMID- 6223131 TI - Calelectrin, a calcium-dependent membrane-binding protein associated with secretory granules in Torpedo cholinergic electromotor nerve endings and rat adrenal medulla. AB - Calelectrin, a calcium-dependent membrane-binding protein of subunit molecular weight 32,000 has been isolated from the electric organ of Torpedo, and shown to occur in cholinergic neurones and in bovine adrenal medulla. In this study a monospecific antiserum against the Torpedo protein has been used to study the localization of calelectrin in the rat adrenal gland. The cortex was not stained, whereas in the medulla the cytoplasm of the chromaffin cells was stained in a particulate manner. An identical staining pattern was obtained with an antiserum against the chromaffin granule enzyme dopamine beta-hydroxylase, although the two antisera did not cross-react with the same antigen. The purified protein aggregates bovine chromaffin granule membranes and cholinergic synaptic vesicles and also self aggregates in a calcium-dependent manner. Negative staining results demonstrate that calcium induces a transformation of the purified protein from circular structures 30-80 nm in diameter into a highly aggregated structure. Calelectrin may have a structural or regulatory role in the intracellular organization of secretory cells. PMID- 6223132 TI - Percutaneous transluminal carotid angioplasty in fibromuscular dysplasia. Case report. AB - A patient with fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD) of the internal carotid artery was treated by balloon percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA). This is the sixth reported case of FMD stenotic disease which was dilated by PTA. All previous cases including the current example were treated successfully with resolution of symptoms. This procedure is associated with a relatively low morbidity and is an alternative method of treatment to operative endarterectomy for this disorder. PMID- 6223133 TI - Generalized lymphadenopathy and T cell abnormalities in hemophilia A. AB - Two patients with hemophilia A had generalized lymphadenopathy, lymphopenia, elevated IgG values, depressed T4 (helper) lymphocytes, elevated T8 (suppressor) lymphocytes, and abnormally low T4/T8 ratios. One of the patients, who also had hepatosplenomegaly, underwent cervical lymph node biopsy; the node contained 43% T8-lymphocytes, a marked elevation over the small fraction of T8 cells usually found in lymph nodes. These patients may have a form of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome described in male homosexuals, Haitians, intravenous drug abusers, and recently, in patients with hemophilia. We studied T cell phenotypes in 43 patients with hemophilia. Fourteen of 28 patients given commercial factor VIII concentrates had abnormal T4/T8 ratios; none of nine patients who used cryoprecipitate had abnormal values. T4 helper cells were significantly lower, T8 suppressor cells significantly elevated, and T4/T8 ratios significantly lower in the lyophilized concentrate users and in patients with hemophilia as a total group. The type of therapeutic factor VIII replacement may alter the risk of developing T4/T8 abnormalities or AIDS. PMID- 6223134 TI - Effect of cephaloridine on the transport of organic ions in dog kidney plasma membrane vesicles. AB - The cephalosporin antibiotics cephaloridine and cefazolin were examined for their effects on the transport of a prototype anion, [3H]p-aminohippurate (PAH) and a prototype cation, N1-[3H] methylnicotinamide (NMN) in basolateral membrane vesicles and brush border membrane vesicles (BBMV). Cefazolin inhibited transport of 50 microM PAH in both membranes and had no effect on transport of 50 microM NMN transport. Under identical conditions, cephaloridine, a zwitterion, inhibited PAH transport in both membranes and NMN transport in BBMV but not in basolateral membrane vesicles. Cephaloridine was less effective than cefazolin in inhibiting PAH transport in BBMV. The results demonstrate the organic transport systems in the basolateral membrane vesicles differ from those in the BBMV. Furthermore, a zwitterionic drug can interact with both systems in the BBMV. An explanation for the intracellular accumulation of cephaloridine is presented. PMID- 6223135 TI - Sleep suppressant action of fenfluramine in rats. II. Evidence against the involvement of presynaptic serotonergic mechanism. AB - The present study investigated the involvement of presynaptic serotonergic mechanisms in the sleep suppressant action of fenfluramine, an indirect serotonin (5-HT) receptor agonist. Rats implanted with cerebrocortical and dorsal neck muscle electrodes were pretreated with either fluoxetine, an inhibitor of 5-HT uptake, or p-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA), an inhibitor of 5-HT synthesis. Animals were continuously monitored by the EEG for 12 hr after an i.p. injection of 5 mg/kg of dl-fenfluramine hydrochloride. Pretreatment with fluoxetine failed to antagonize the fenfluramine-induced suppression of slow-wave sleep and rapid-eye movement sleep. However, chemical analyses showed that fluoxetine pretreatment completely prevented the depletion of brain 5-HT produced by fenfluramine, suggesting that fenfluramine did not gain entry into serotonergic neurons. Depletion of brain 5-HT by PCPA also failed to antagonize the sleep suppression caused by fenfluramine as well as that observed after administration of quipazine, a direct 5-HT receptor stimulant. Because administration of fenfluramine to PCPA-pretreated rats produced no additional depletion of 5-HT, it appears that 5-HT was no longer available for release by fenfluramine in these animals. Furthermore, neither pretreatment with fluoxetine nor PCPA antagonized the head-shaking induced by fenfluramine, a behavior associated with activation of central 5-HT receptors. These data indicate that the suppression of sleep produced by fenfluramine is not mediated through release of 5-HT as brain 5-HT concentrations were not related to the behavioral effects of the drug. The sleep suppressant action of fenfluramine may therefore result from a direct action of the drug on postsynaptic 5-HT receptors. PMID- 6223136 TI - Abnormal calmodulin-activated CaATPase in manic-depressive subjects. AB - CaATPase of human erythrocyte membranes exists in both a basal and a calmodulin activated form, each of which can be further activated by monovalent ions such as sodium, potassium or lithium. We have measured the extent of such activation in erythrocyte membranes obtained from 14 manic-depressive outpatients under treatment with lithium carbonate, nine such patients not treated with lithium carbonate, and eight normal controls. The principal findings were as follows: (1) when further activation of the calmodulin-dependent enzyme was measured in the presence of a sub-optimal concentration of lithium ions, greater activation was observed for all manic-depressive subjects, whether or not treated with lithium carbonate, than for controls. We interpret this observation to mean that a biochemical abnormality exists in this patient population with respect to controls; (2) when activation was measured in the presence of optimal concentrations of sodium and potassium ions, the control and the untreated patient groups each showed lesser activity than the lithium carbonate treated groups, indicating that this treatment sensitized the membrane enzyme to monovalent cations. Overall, both of these results indicate that calmodulin activated CaATPase is abnormal in manic-depressive patients. PMID- 6223137 TI - Immunoregulatory activity of supernatants from short-term cultures of mouse decidual tissue. AB - Supernatants from short-term in-vitro cultures of decidual tissue, obtained from the uteri of pregnant mice from Days 4 to 13 post coitum (Day 1 = day of mating), were assessed for immunoregulatory activity by their addition to a mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR), an in-vitro analogue of the afferent arm of the immune response. All culture supernatants tested possessed inhibitory activity in the MLR, although the extent of inhibition was affected by seeding density, length of culture, and the day of pregnancy from which decidual tissue was obtained. Inhibitory activity produced by decidual cultures increased from Day 4 to reach a maximum on Day 8, and then declined to Day 11. Two morphologically distinct cell types were present in all decidual cultures; flat dendritic cells, considered to represent decidual cells, and small round cells, but whether immunoregulatory factors are associated with both is uncertain. The results suggest that decidual tissue could fulfil a role in the local partial blockade of the afferent arm of the maternal immune response during pregnancy. PMID- 6223138 TI - Non-specific immunoregulatory factors in the cytosol fraction of human trophoblast. AB - Cytosol extracts from syncytiotrophoblast of human placenta (HP) have been shown to contain substances capable of suppressing the proliferation of normal human lymphocytes stimulated by mitogens. This suppressive effect has also been observed on lymphocytes stimulated by mitogens and by allogenic cells in various species. The extracts did not, however, inhibit spontaneous (i.e. unstimulated) lymphoproliferation. In addition, HP in some cases exercised an immunostimulatory effect solely on stimulated fractionated lymphocytes. In preliminary experiments the suppressive activity was shown to depend on at least two factors: the first had the ability to bind the mitogen while the second acted irreversibly after 8 h of contact on the lymphocyte itself and was thermostable. PMID- 6223139 TI - Short-interval second-look laparoscopy after infertility surgery. A preliminary report. AB - Twenty-five patients had short-interval (four- to six-week) second-look laparoscopy (SLL) after major infertility surgery. At SLL, postoperative adhesions were classified as none present in 1 patient, fine and filmy in 19 and dense in 5. Adhesiolysis was performed, with restoration of anatomy and mobility. Tubal patency was verified in all patients by chromotubation. At six months' follow-up, 9 of 25 patients (36%) were pregnant, and no ectopic pregnancies had occurred. The results suggest that short-interval SLL may be advantageous in identifying postoperative adhesions and improving surgical results. Further investigations are required to establish the efficacy of and criteria for patient selection for short-interval SLL. PMID- 6223140 TI - Observer variation in grading sacroiliac radiographs in HLA-B27 positive individuals. AB - This study attempts to reconcile the apparent differences in the reported frequency of ankylosing spondylitis and radiological sacroiliitis in HLA-B27 positive individuals. Pelvic radiographs from 125 Busselton subjects were mixed with 81 other films selected to illustrate the possible range of sacroiliac changes and were graded by observers who were involved in 2 of the conflicting studies and by a 3rd independent observer. Concordance was high for advanced bilateral disease but not for unilateral and milder changes. Variation between observers and the interpretation of sacroiliac radiographs is sufficiently large to account for much of the disagreement between frequency estimates. PMID- 6223141 TI - Back pain research. PMID- 6223142 TI - A speech-prompted communication aid for the severely handicapped. PMID- 6223143 TI - Structural characteristics of sensorimotor development among Down's syndrome infants. AB - The structural features of sensorimotor intelligence were examined among two groups of Down's syndrome infants administered the seven Uzgiris and Hunt scales of infant psychological development. Two measures of associative relationships (stage congruence and intercorrelations) among the subjects' performances on these scales were subjected to both hierarchical cluster analysis and factor analysis to discern the underlying structure of the data. The analyses yielded between two and four clustering networks of behaviours for each sample of infants. Moreover, the clustering and factor solutions for both samples were quite alike. Comparisons of the findings with those in other investigations showed that both Down's syndrome groups manifested patterns of organization very similar to structural networks for more heterogeneously formed groups of mentally retarded subjects. The need for better designed comparative studies is noted. PMID- 6223144 TI - Rhythm and time in the perception of Down's syndrome children. AB - This investigation attempts to examine a sense of rhythm in relation to levels of response to rhythmic stimuli in normal children and mentally handicapped children, particularly children with Down's syndrome. Ten Down's syndrome (average CA: 158 months, average MA: 43 months), ten other mentally handicapped children (average CA: 147 months, average MA: 44 months), and ten normal children (average CA: 50 months, average MA: 46 months) were required to listen to a rhythm and to shadow certain rhythms by tapping them out simultaneously with the stimuli. Three different rhythms of increasing complexity were used. After a practice session, responses were collected from subjects using a tapping device; these were recorded on a computer. Results obtained in all aspects of the tests were very similar in both normal and Down's syndrome groups. The other mentally handicapped children were considerably weaker than the other two groups. It is suggested that at this level there is no difference between Down's syndrome and normal children of the same mental age in rhythmic discrimination. Differences lie between Down's syndrome and other mentally handicapped children and this comparison could account for the attribution to Down's syndrome children of a higher than normal level of musical skills. PMID- 6223146 TI - Dermatoglyphic sole patterns in 21 trisomics. AB - Frequencies of loop patterns on the proximal sole have been estimated in the sample of 21 trisomic subjects and compared with those previously obtained in a sample of normal individuals. Results indicate that, in Down's syndrome, a lowered pattern intensity, characteristic of the distal sole does not occur on the proximal sole. Studies of patterns on the proximal portion of the sole should be pursued using larger samples of 21 trisomics, providing that care is taken to obtain the best quality footprints; the main limitation in such studies is in the common occurrence of ridge dissociation. In addition, some previous estimates of the frequency of zygodactylous triradii on the distal sole have been reconsidered on the basis of the results obtained in the present sample of footprints with complete recording of areas under the toes. PMID- 6223145 TI - Primitive reflexes in Down's syndrome. AB - The clinical value and prevalences of three primitive reflexes, i.e. the palmomental, the snout, and the corneomandibular, were examined in 30 institutionalized patients with Down's syndrome and the results were compared with those in a control group. The prevalence of palmomental reflex was clearly higher, i.e. 47% (31,63) in DS as compared to 7% (2,16) in controls (confidence limits, P = 0.9, is given in the parenthesis) (P = 0.0001). The prevalences of the snout reflex in the DS and control group were estimated to be 14% (5,29) and 0% (0,6) respectively (P = 0.02). The corneomandibular reflex was found unreliable in DS, mainly because of lack of cooperation. Neither the palmomental nor the snout reflex correlated well with the degree of mental retardation. No correlation of reflex incidence with age was demonstrated for the palmomental reflex. The prevalence of the snout reflex in DS patients less than 35 years was estimated to be 0% (0,18). This is significantly (P less than 0.05) less than the prevalence of 29% (10,54), found in the group older than 35 years of age. The possible value of the snout reflex as a sign of dementia in Down's syndrome is discussed. PMID- 6223147 TI - The echoic pseudogestational sac of ectopic pregnancy simulating early intrauterine pregnancy. AB - The sonographic features of ectopic pregnancy have been well documented. When an early intrauterine pregnancy is identified or an obvious extrauterine sac is visualized, diagnosis is not a problem; but often a sac is seen within the uterus that may contain a well-defined rind and even internal echoes simulating an early fetal pole. This has been mistaken for an early intrauterine pregnancy. In this review, four patients with pseudogestational sacs had internal echoes within the sac, and two of them ultimately underwent dilatation and curettage, which revealed blood clots. This supports the assertion that fetal cardiac activity and/or fetal motion should be demonstrated within a fetal pole before the diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy is excluded. PMID- 6223148 TI - Technetium Tc 99m-macroaggregated albumin angiography and perfusion. Intra arterial chemotherapy for neoplasms. PMID- 6223149 TI - [Bacteriological and clinical evaluation of piperacillin in the field of obstetrics and gynecology]. AB - In vitro activity of piperacillin (PIPC) against 150 recent clinical isolates from obstetric and gynecologic infections was performed in comparison with sulbenicillin (SBPC), cefmetazole (CMZ), cefotiam (CTM) and cefsulodin (CFS). At 6.25 micrograms/ml PIPC inhibited 93% of S. epidermidis, 86% of S. faecalis, 67% of E. coli and 80% of Klebsiella. At 0.2 microgram/ml PIPC inhibited 100% of Peptococcus, 73% of Peptostreptococcus and 100% of B. melaninogenicus group. At 3.13 micrograms/ml PIPC inhibited 71% of B. fragilis 9 strains, B. distasonis 3 strains, B. thetaiotaomicron 1 strain, B. ovatus 1 strain. PIPC was constantly more active than SBPC, and it was especially more active against S. faecalis, Peptococcus, Peptostreptococcus and B. melaninogenicus group than other antibiotics. These findings show that PIPC is a broad spectrum penicillin against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms including anaerobic organisms. PIPC was administered to 5 patients intravenously and all cases proved to be effective. No side effects and no abnormalities in laboratory findings were observed. These results suggest that PIPC may be highly effective in the treatment of bacterial infections. PMID- 6223150 TI - [Clinical use of piperacillin on obstetrical and gynecological infections (Second report)]. AB - We administered piperacillin (PIPC) to patients with obstetrical and gynecological infectious diseases and obtained the following results. 1. Sixteen patients were administered PIPC at a dose of 4 or 9 g by dripping infusion 2 or 3 times a day for a period of 4 approximately 14 days. Eight cases had cancer as their underlying disease (including cervical cancer etc.). The clinical effect was good in 3 of these 8 patients with cancer so that the efficacy rate was 37.5%. But the other 8 cases without cancer all responded effectively, so their efficacy rate was 100%. The efficacy was good in 11 out of 16 cases so the overall efficacy rate was 68.8%. 2. No side effect was observed. 3. No adverse reaction in laboratory findings (including hematological findings, hepatic function tests, renal function tests) was observed. PMID- 6223151 TI - [Fundamental and clinical studies on piperacillin in the field of obstetrics and gynecology]. AB - We conducted a study on the utility in the obstetric and gynecological field of piperacillin (PIPC) which is a broad spectrum penicillin developed here in Japan. After administration of PIPC by intravenous one shot injection or intravenous dripping infusion the yield of PIPC to the various uterine tissues was a favorable 30 approximately 40% in comparison with the serum concentration and the discharge from retroperitoneum was about 100% to 300% in 4 hours. Thus it is thought to be useful in the treatment of infections of the retroperitoneum. During a clinical trial PIPC was administered to 16 patients with obstetrical and gynecological infections and it proved to be excellent in 4 patients, good in 10 patients and ineffective in 2 patients. Thus an overall efficacy rate of 87.5% was obtained. The only side effects observed was a slight transitory abnormality of liver function in 2 patients. Thus in the overall evaluation, this drug was considered to be useful in the treatment of infections in the obstetric and gynecological field. PMID- 6223152 TI - [Clinical evaluation of piperacillin in the field of obstetrics and gynecology]. AB - We administered piperacillin (PIPC), a semisynthetic penicillin antibiotic, to 11 patients with obstetrical and gynecological infections and obtained the following results. 1. PIPC was administered at a dose of 1 or 2 g by intravenous bolus injection or dripping infusion 1 or 2 times a day for a period of 3 approximately 8 days. The clinical effect was excellent in 5 cases and good in 6 cases and all the cases showed good effectiveness. These included good in 1 case of adnexitis, excellent in 3 cases and good in 1 case of intrauterine infections, excellent in 2 cases and good in 2 cases of pelvic inflammatory diseases and good in 2 cases of bartholinitis. Bacteriological findings indicated that S. faecalis, Staphylococcus, E. coli, K. pneumoniae, P. magnus, etc. isolated in 6 cases were eradicated after the administration of this drug. 2. Neither side effects nor abnormalities in laboratory findings caused by this drug were observed. 3. Based on these results PIPC should be considered a very safe and useful drug for treating obstetrical and gynecological infections. PMID- 6223153 TI - [Clinical study with piperacillin in the field of obstetrics and gynecology]. AB - 1. Tissue concentrations of piperacillin (PIPC) between 80 to 150 minutes after the completion of 2 g/1 hour dripping infusion were 4.6 approximately 6.4 micrograms/g in the uterus, ovary and oviduct. These concentrations were higher than 80% MIC of the causative organisms, including Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, Proteus mirabilis, Bacteroides and Peptococcus, isolated from infections in the field of obstetrics and gynecology. 2. The PIPC concentration in the retroperitoneal space exudate reached a peak value of 34.7 micrograms/ml at 2 hours after the completion of 2 g/1 hour dripping infusion and thereafter maintained a constant level. These concentrations were sufficient for the therapy of parametritis. 3. We administered PIPC at 4 g per day for a period of 4 approximately 8 days to 4 patients with obstetrical and gynecological infectious diseases. All cases proved to respond effectively. No adverse effects and abnormal laboratory findings were observed. From the above, we considered that PIPC was an effective and safe antibiotic against infections in the field of obstetrics and gynecology. PMID- 6223154 TI - [Clinical studies of piperacillin in the field of obstetrics and gynecology]. AB - We studied piperacillin (PIPC) clinically to evaluate its utility and safety, and obtained the following results. PIPC was given at a daily dose of 1 approximately 4 g for 3 approximately 10 days by bolus injection or dripping infusion to 18 patients with various infections in the field of obstetrics and gynecology. Four of 5 cases with intrauterine infection, 2 of 3 cases with focus infection of uterine cancer, 2 cases with perinatal intrauterine infection, 2 of 6 cases with adnexal infection and 2 cases with vulvar infection proved to respond effectively. The overall efficacy rate was 66.7%. No side effect or abnormal laboratory findings were observed except for 1 case with rash. PMID- 6223155 TI - [Fundamental and clinical studies of piperacillin in the field of obstetrics and gynecology]. AB - Human pharmacokinetics and clinical studies of piperacillin (PIPC) were carried out and the following results were obtained. 1. Transference into various uterine tissues PIPC transference into various uterine tissues was 27.3 approximately 67.9% (the ratio with respect to uterine artery blood level) at 1 hour after the completion of PIPC 1 or 2g dripping infusion for 1 hour in 5 cases. 2. Transference into retroperitoneal space exudate PIPC level in retroperitoneal space exudate showed the peak level 38.0 micrograms/ml at 30 minutes after the completion of PIPC 2g dripping infusion for 1 hour in 1 case. The pattern of the concentration trends was more continuous than that of venous blood level. 3. Clinical study We administered PIPC to 5 patients with pelveoperitonitis in 3 cases, puerperal fever in 1 case and wound infection in 1 case at a dose of 4 g per day (twice a day) for a period of 5 approximately 9 days. The clinical effect was excellent in 1, good in 3 and poor in 1 case. Neither side effects nor abnormality of laboratory findings were observed. PMID- 6223156 TI - [Fundamental and clinical studies on piperacillin in the field of obstetrics and gynecology]. PMID- 6223158 TI - [Relationship between T gamma cell-population and cellular immunity in Sjogren's syndrome]. PMID- 6223157 TI - [PTCA (percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty) and coronary spasm]. PMID- 6223159 TI - [I. Principles and applications of immunoassay: luminescence immunoassay]. PMID- 6223160 TI - [Studies on the lymphocyte functions in monoclonal immunoglobulinemia]. PMID- 6223161 TI - [Detection of mucopolysaccharidosis and mucolipidosis by quantitative and qualitative analyses of urinary complex carbohydrates]. PMID- 6223162 TI - [Detection of thrombi by radionuclide studies--application for peripheral vascular diseases]. PMID- 6223163 TI - [Onychomycosis]. PMID- 6223164 TI - [Experimental analysis on acidic mucopolysaccharides of canine pancreatic juice. Role of acidic mucopolysaccharides in pancreatic stone formation]. PMID- 6223165 TI - Association of B cold cytotoxins and anti-F (ab')2 antibodies with inhibition of mixed lymphocyte culture. PMID- 6223166 TI - C1q and C3bi binding activities of the components of a plasmin-treated human immunoglobulin preparation. AB - Each of the three major components isolated from a commercial plasmin-treated human immunoglobulin preparation, namely, the plasmin-resistant 7S IgG fraction (PRG), Fab fragment and Fc fragment, was tested before and after heat treatment for binding C1q and fixing C3bi. In unheated state, only PRG was found to bind C1q, whereas none bound C3bi. The binding of C1q by PRG was enhanced by heat treatment which also conferred the activity of binding C3bi to PRG and to Fc fractions, From these results, anticomplementary activity of unheated PRG fraction seems to be due mainly to the complement activation via the classical pathway, whereas the activation by the heat-treated Fc fragment might be via an alternative pathway. PMID- 6223167 TI - [Pulmonary circulation in patients with different types of "hypertensive heart"]. AB - The comparison of clinical and instrumental findings of the state of pulmonary hemodynamics with respect to the type of "hypertensive heart" as determined by ultrasonic location of heart chambers, suggested that, in the absence of left ventricular hypertrophy or in the presence of concentric myocardial hypertrophy combined with hyperfunction of this heart chamber and normal left ventricular size, increased diastolic pressure in pulmonary artery does not reflect left ventricular decompensation; rather, it is a consequence of increased vascular resistance in the pulmonary arterial system irrespective of its pathogenesis. PMID- 6223168 TI - [Development of heart hypertrophy in hypertension]. AB - A total of 120 patients with essential hypertension, stage I and II, were examined, using radio- and electrocardiography, before and after a hypotensive treatment. Two mechanisms: excessive volume (in patients with hyperkinetic circulation) and excessive pressure (in those with normo- and hypokinetic circulation) were found to form the basis of the formation of left-ventricular muscular hypertrophy. Antihypertensive effect of treatment reducing electrocardiographic signs of left-ventricular muscular hypertrophy was shown to be related to improved arterial pressure control and lesser adrenergic influence on the heart. PMID- 6223169 TI - [Echocardiographic data on changes in myocardial weight and heart function after transcutaneous intravascular balloon dilatation of the renal arteries in patients with renovascular hypertension]. PMID- 6223170 TI - [Comparative evaluation of the kallikrein-kinin, plasmin and thrombin blood systems in hypertension]. PMID- 6223171 TI - [Ulcerative gastroduodenal hemorrhages]. PMID- 6223172 TI - [Postoperative laparoscopy in the diagnosis and treatment of early abdominal complications]. PMID- 6223173 TI - [Can the time for patients' stay in the hospital after appendectomy be shortened?]. PMID- 6223174 TI - [Laparoscopic diagnosis in emergency surgery]. PMID- 6223175 TI - [Spontaneous ruptures of the arterial vessels simulating acute surgical diseases]. PMID- 6223176 TI - [Prevention of surgical wound infection by ultrasonic therapy]. PMID- 6223177 TI - Normal exocytosis and endocytosis of lysosomal beta-hexosaminidase in a case of alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency. AB - Secretion of lysosomal beta-hexosaminidase by cultivated skin fibroblasts and receptor-mediated endocytosis of leucocyte beta-hexosaminidase from a patient by cultivated non-parenchymal rat liver cells and skin fibroblasts were similar to that of a control proband. The results suggest normal oligosaccharide side chains of high mannose type on lysosomal enzymes in alpha 1-antitrypsin (AAT) deficiency. PMID- 6223178 TI - Pulmonary sarcoidosis: assessment of disease activity by lung lymphocyte subpopulations. PMID- 6223179 TI - Recurrent back pain and its prediction. PMID- 6223180 TI - The accuracy of formant frequency measurements: a comparison of spectrographic analysis and linear prediction. AB - The accuracy of spectrographic techniques and of linear prediction analysis in measuring formant frequencies is compared. The first three formant frequencies of 90 synthetic speech tokens were measured by three experienced spectrographic readers and by linear prediction analysis. For fundamental frequencies between 100 and 300 Hz, both methods are accurate to within approximately +/- 60 Hz for both first and second formants. The third formant can be measured with the same degree of accuracy by linear prediction, but only to within +/- 110 Hz by spectrographic means. The accuracy of both methods decreases greatly when fundamental frequency is 350 Hz or greater. These limits of measurement appear to be within the range of the difference limens for formant frequencies. PMID- 6223181 TI - Inhibition of 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity in human endometrium by adrenal androgens. AB - The effect of dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHA-S) and its metabolites dehydroepiandrosterone (DHA) and 5-androstene-3 beta, 17 beta-diol (ADIOL) on the activity of 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in human endometrial tissue was investigated by an isotope ratio technique. The apparent KM for oestradiol was 1.59 X 10(-6) M. All three androgens inhibited the metabolism of oestradiol and the apparent Ki values were: ADIOL, 2.05 X 10(-6) M; DHA-S and DHA, 1.59 X 10(-6) M. However, ADIOL acted by direct competition with oestradiol for the active enzyme site whereas inhibition by DHA and its sulphate was non-competitive. DHA-S and DHA were more potent inhibitors of oestradiol metabolism than was ADIOL. These results support the hypothesis that adrenal androgens could be involved in the development of endometrial hyperplasia and adenocarcinoma. Inhibition of oestradiol metabolism could increase the concentration of oestradiol in endometrial tissue and if unopposed by progesterone, e.g. after the menopause or in subjects with ovulatory defects, could stimulate abnormal endometrial growth. PMID- 6223182 TI - An efficient code searching for sequence homology and DNA duplication. AB - This paper presents a very simple and efficient algorithm that searches for sequence homology and gene duplication. The code finds the best alignment of two, short or long, sequences without having to specify how many unmatched bases are allowed to be looped out. Following Needleman & Wunsch (1970), Sellers (1974), Sankoff (1972) and Smith, Waterman & Fitch (1981) gap constraints are incorporated into the program and may be employed. The availability of such a fast computer code enables detection of homologous genes which may fulfill a different function at present, but have arisen from a common gene-ancestor. The code is extremely fast and runs in O(n3/2) units of time. It was applied to the phi X174 sequence. PMID- 6223183 TI - A possible mechanism for the Ca-ATPase of sarcoplasmic reticulum. PMID- 6223185 TI - Dental care for the irradiated cancer patient. PMID- 6223184 TI - Verapamil for refractory ventricular fibrillation during cardiac operations in patients with cardiac hypertrophy. AB - Calcium-entry blockers prevent ventricular fibrillation during acute myocardial ischemia in laboratory animals. They may be useful as an adjunct to cold cardioplegia by preserving the myocardium during cardiopulmonary bypass. Their use may limit myocardial infarct size. However, the clinical application of calcium-entry blockers for ventricular dysrhythmias associated with myocardial ischemia has been little explored, as yet. We describe four patients, all of whom had significant cardiac hypertrophy (two had idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis; one had transposition of great vessels; and one had aortic stenosis) and in whom ventricular fibrillation developed after rewarming or shortly after the termination of bypass. The dysrhythmias were refractory to multiple attempts at defibrillation and conventional pharmacologic interventions. However, in each case, defibrillation was successful after administration of verapamil. PMID- 6223186 TI - Osteoradionecrosis--newer concepts on prevention and resolution. PMID- 6223187 TI - Dental care for patients taking antineoplastic agents. PMID- 6223188 TI - Changes in NAD levels in human lymphocytes and fibroblasts during aging and in premature aging syndromes. AB - NAD levels markedly increase upon mitogen stimulation of lymphocytes from young subjects. In contrast, lymphocytes from old subjects do not increase NAD levels upon stimulation. A survey of 35 individuals aged 18-79 years revealed a significant age-dependent decrease in the NAD response to mitogen stimulation. No significant differences were noted in lymphocytes from age-matched individuals with Down's syndrome or diabetes mellitus. On the other hand, cultured skin fibroblasts showed elevated NAD levels with age. However, this effect appears to be due to increased size of the cells since the NAD/protein ratio is unchanged. Skin fibroblasts from patients with progeria exhibit much higher levels of NAD and protein per cell than age-matched controls. PMID- 6223189 TI - Biomechanical evaluation of human lower-extremity disability in erect standing. PMID- 6223190 TI - Care of disabled children and women's time use. AB - Previous research has estimated the effect of children's health care needs on women's market and nonmarket roles. This article reports the results of a study on the impact of health care for disabled children on women's nonmarket work. (Effects on women's market work are reported elsewhere.) Data from 369 families of disabled children and 456 randomly selected families were analyzed. Disabled children increase the time spent in household work by married mothers. Single mothers do not show significant effects. Estimates are also presented of parents' time spent in administering therapy to the disabled child and in escorting the child to the site of medical care. PMID- 6223191 TI - Hypertension and cardiovascular hypertrophy during chronic catecholamine infusion in rats. AB - Chronic continuous infusion of norepinephrine (NE) or epinephrine (Epi) subcutaneously in rats resulted in rapid elevation of systolic blood pressure (SBP) by 40 mm Hg. Pressure remained high for the duration of the infusion but rapidly returned to control levels after its termination. Pronounced hypertrophy of the thoracic aorta, abdominal aorta and heart was evident within 2 days of the initiation of NE infusion and a plateau was attained by 5 days of infusion. The activity of tissue ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), the rate limiting enzyme in polyamine biosynthesis, was elevated preceeding the onset of tissue hypertrophy, and returned to control levels coincidentally with the cessation of accelerated tissue growth. It is concluded that high blood pressure in this animal model of hypertension is dependent upon the continued presence of exogenous catecholamine, and that pronounced cardiovascular hypertrophy per se is not sufficient to maintain the hypertension. The elevation and decline of vascular ODC activity is consistent with reports that in other tissues an elevation of ODC activity is an obligatory early event in hypertrophy. PMID- 6223192 TI - Cardionatrin I - a novel heart peptide with potent diuretic and natriuretic properties. AB - Rat atrial muscle extracts are able to induce a powerful diuretic and natriuretic response. In the present work it was found that when rat atrial extracts are subjected to reverse phase-high pressure liquid chromatography, diuretic and natriuretic activities are recovered in four distinct chromatographic regions. From one of these chromatographic regions we purified to chemical homogeneity a peptide referred to as "Cardionatrin I" which has potent diuretic and natriuretic properties. Amino acid analysis showed that cardionatrin I has 49 residues, including one cystine, and a molecular weight of 5,499. Yield of cardionatrin I was 12-20 nmole per 1,000 atria. Injection of 0.5 nmole induced a characteristic diuretic and natriuretic response in the non-diuretic assay rat. PMID- 6223193 TI - [Diagnostic importance of radionuclide scintigraphy of the lungs in mitral stenosis]. AB - The author shows close correlation between the degree of regional redistribution of the pulmonary blood flow using the radionuclide scintigraphy data and a mean pressure value in the left auricle and pulmonary artery in patients with mitral stenosis. In the course of disease development the index of upward-downward blood flow redistribution and the value of mean pressure in the pulmonary artery showed an increasing degree of correlation that indicated the development of the angiospastic component. A tendency to irregular growth of vascular resistance of the right and left lung was demonstrated. Blood flow deficiency in the right lung observed in these patients that depended on the degree of blood pressure elevation in the pulmonary artery, pointed to the predominant growth of right lung resistance. PMID- 6223194 TI - [Place of Staphylococcus aureus in the bacterial isolations of the University Hospital Center of Dakar. Preliminary results of serotyping and phage typing]. AB - Out of 18 837 strains isolated between 1972 and 1980, by the laboratory of bacteriology of the Dakar Teaching Hospital, 2 925 strains of Staphylococcus aureus have been identified. This germ was the cause of 14,4 p. 100 of all diagnosed septicemia, ranging second in frequency after Salmonella. It was the most frequent germ in pura (54,8 p. 100 of strains) and rated 29,2 p. 100 of the strains isolated from pleural fluids. It was less frequent in bacterial meningitidis (2,5 p. 100) and in infections of the urinary tract (3,6 p. 100). About one hundred coagulase + strains were studied further. A clumping factor was found in 98 p. 100 of the strains (Staphyslide test). In addition, serotyping and lysotyping were carried out: --80,8 p. 100 of strains were lysotyped --25,6 p. 100 of them belonging to type I --7,7 p. 100 to type II --10,3 p. 100 to type III --33,3 p. 100 belonging to two or three types --11,5 p. 100 to I and II --16,7 p. 100 to I and III --5,1 p. 100 to I and II and III Some strains gave positive responses with 94-96 and 187 phages. PMID- 6223195 TI - Hormonal and environmental factors in the pathogenesis of BB rat diabetes. AB - The role of the following hormonal and environmental factors in the pathogenesis of diabetes in the BB rat was studied: hypophysectomy, castration, vagotomy, agents protective against beta cytotoxins, and stress. None of these factors altered the incidence of diabetes. They are thus unlikely to act as initiators or promoters of BB rat diabetes. These negative findings are complementary to previous studies reporting no influence of infection or diet on BB diabetes. To date, no hormonal or environmental factors have been identified that alter the incidence of diabetes in this animal model. PMID- 6223196 TI - Use of solid-phase radioimmunoassay specific for human IgG or human C3b to detect Fc gamma or C3b receptors on human lymphoblastoid cell surfaces. PMID- 6223197 TI - Purification of Fc epsilon receptors and Fc gamma receptors. PMID- 6223198 TI - Isolation and characterization of biologically active Fc gamma receptors of human B lymphocytes. PMID- 6223199 TI - Purification and quantitation of the components of the alternative complement pathway. PMID- 6223200 TI - Construction and use of pyr::lac fusion strains to study regulation of pyrimidine biosynthesis in Salmonella typhimurium. AB - The technique developed by Rosenfeld and Brenchley [J Bacteriol 144, 848-851 (1980)] has been used to introduce Mu d1 (Apr lac) into Salmonella typhimurium for purposes of constructing pyr::lac fusion strains. A stable pyrB::lac fusion mutant was subsequently derived and used for the genetic characterization of the pyrB gene. The direction of transcription of pyrB was determined to be counterclockwise on the S. typhimurium linkage map and argI was shown to be located clockwise of pyrB. Mutants altered in the regulation of expression of pyrB were isolated and two of the isolates chosen for further study were tentatively categorized as promoter or operator mutants. PMID- 6223201 TI - Evidence for generation of suppressor T cells in Mycobacterium lepraemurium infected CBA/J mice, a mouse strain highly susceptible to the infection. AB - Susceptibility to Mycobacterium lepraemurium (MLM) infection markedly differed between two mouse strains, CBA/J and C57BL/6. CBA/J mice showed high susceptibility to MLM infection and developed either very weak or no delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) to MLM antigen after the injection of MLM. In contrast, C57BL/6 mice, which were resistant to MLM infection, showed significant DTH reaction to MLM antigen after the injection. Treatment of CBA/J mice with cyclophosphamide (Cy) conferred significant resistance to MLM infection on the CBA/J mice, and the treated mice developed a strong anti-MLM DTH response after the MLM injection. When spleen cells from MLM-infected CBA/J mice were transferred to Cy-treated and MLM-infected syngeneic mice, the anti-MLM DTH reaction of the recipient mice was suppressed. Treatment of the spleen cells to be transferred with anti-Thy-1.2 antibody or anti-I-Jk antiserum plus complement abrogated the suppressive activity. Thus, it is suggested that the high susceptibility of CBA/J mice to MLM infection is due to the generation of Cy sensitive, I-Jk-positive suppressor T cells after infection with MLM. PMID- 6223202 TI - High-resolution CT scanning of the lumbar spine. Technique and anatomy. AB - Low back pain is a very common clinical problem, the cause of which is frequently poorly understood. Improvements in equipment design and scanning techniques have resulted in a better anatomical display of the lumbar spine by computed tomographic (CT) scanning. Advances in this area have provided a considerable insight into the causes of the lumbago-sciatica syndrome. PMID- 6223203 TI - Interaction of 2'-halogeno-2'-deoxyuridines with the human erythrocyte nucleoside transport mechanism. AB - The efflux of radioactive thymidine from human erythrocytes at 25 degrees was accelerated in the presence of extracellular 2'-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine to a maximal velocity 120% of that observed in the presence of extracellular nonradioactive thymidine. Efflux in the presence of 2'-chloro-2'-deoxyuridine and 2'-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine did not exceed 56% and 49%, respectively. 2'-Iodo-2' deoxyuridine did not accelerate thymidine efflux. In comparison, 2'-fluoro-2' deoxycytidine and 2'-deoxyuridine accelerated thymidine efflux to maximal velocities of 170% and 91%, respectively. The half-saturation constant for acceleration of thymidine efflux by 2'-fluoro-2'-deoxycytidine was higher (0.90 mM) than those estimated for the other substances (0.22 mM or lower). Influx competition experiments at 25 degrees showed that all of the above nucleosides competitively inhibited influx of thymidine into human erythrocytes. The Km for the zero-trans influx of thymidine was 0.051 +/- 0.008 mM, while the Ki values for 2'-deoxyuridine and the 2'-halogeno-2'-deoxyuridines were similar, ranging from 0.04 to 0.09 mM. The Ki for 2'-fluoro-2'-deoxycytidine was 0.18 mM. These results suggest that, although all nucleosides tested appeared to bind to the same transport site on the external membrane surface, their ease of transport through the membrane was determined by the properties of the halogen substituent at position 2'. PMID- 6223204 TI - Effects of 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine on DNA metabolism in HeLa cells. AB - 5-Fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine at a concentration of 0.1 microM completely inhibited incorporation of radioactivity from [3H]dUrd into DNA in HeLa S3 cells within 5 min of exposure. The dTTP pool size decreased from 800 to 300 pmoles/10(7) cells by 1 hr, and then gradually increased after 3 hr of exposure. Although the incorporation of radioactivity from [32P] H3PO4 into DNA was inhibited, the relative incorporation into smaller fragments compared with larger fragments of DNA was found to be increased in the drug-treated cells. When the cells with [14C]thymidine-prelabeled DNA were exposed to 5 fluoro-dUrd, shifts of labeled DNA peaks to smaller sizes were observed between 5 and 18 hr after exposure, as analyzed by alkaline sucrose gradient centrifugation. Exposure of cells to 1 and 10 microM 5-fluoro-[3H]dUrd caused incorporation of radioactivity into DNA. By high-performance liquid chromatographic analysis of nucleosides, it was confirmed that almost all of the radioactivity was incorporated as 5-fluoro-dUrd. PMID- 6223205 TI - Interactions of ergot alkaloids with anterior pituitary D-2 dopamine receptors. AB - The interactions of ergot alkaloids with bovine anterior pituitary D-2 dopamine receptors have been investigated with radioligand binding techniques and computer modeling procedures. Ergot alkaloids of the ergoline class are found to interact with the receptor in an agonist-specific fashion, exhibiting heterogeneous competition curves which can be resolved into high- and low-affinity components. In the presence of guanine nucleotides, however, only the low-affinity binding component is observable. In contrast, ergot alkaloids possessing a cyclic peptide side chain (ergopeptines) interact with the receptor in a homogeneous fashion, exhibiting competition curves which are monophasic and unaffected by guanine nucleotides. Ergopeptines thus display the binding characteristics of antagonist ligands even though they possess pharmacologically demonstrated agonist properties. These ergot alkaloid receptor binding characteristics determined from indirect competition experiments are also directly demonstrable using radiolabeled ergoline and ergopeptine ligands. The radiolabeled ergopeptine [3H]dihydroergocryptine ([3H]DHE) is shown to label identical binding sites with the same pharmacological characteristics as the antagonist [3H]spiroperidol. However, the dissociation rate of [3H]DHE from these binding sites is much slower than [3H]spiroperidol and is inconsistent with its equilibrium-determined binding affinity. In addition, saturation experiments with radiolabeled antagonists and agonists and unlabeled ergopeptines indicate that ergopeptines interact with these receptor sites in a competitive fashion. A model is presented which may explain these unique binding properties of ergot alkaloid agonists to the pituitary D-2 dopamine receptor. PMID- 6223206 TI - Molecular size of the canine and human brain D2 dopamine receptor as determined by radiation inactivation. AB - Target-size analysis (radiation inactivation) has been utilized for determination of the molecular size of the striatal D2 dopamine receptor of both canine and human membranes. The dog and human receptors were found to have a molecular size of 123,000 daltons. The identity of molecular size values is consistent with available pharmacological and biochemical evidence supporting D2 dopamine receptor identity in canine and human tissues. These data suggest that the canine receptor may be a valid model for molecular and structural investigation of the human D2 dopamine receptor. PMID- 6223207 TI - Correlations of DNA strand breaks and their repair with cell survival following acute exposure to mercury(II) and X-rays. AB - Alkaline elution analysis demonstrates that both HgCl2 and X-rays result in a rapid induction of DNA single-strand breaks at acutely cytotoxic doses (HgCl2, 25 100 microM for 60 min; X-rays, 150-600 rads) in cultured Chinese hamster ovary cells. Cytotoxicity, as measured by cell-plating efficiency, correlates linearly with the level of DNA breakage induced by both agents (HgCl2, r = 0.97; X-rays, r = 0.99), although a substantial difference in axis intercepts of the two linear regression lines indicates that a higher level of DNA damage was required by X rays as compared with HgCl2 to produce an equivalent level of cell killing. DNA damage induced by X-rays was rapidly repaired such that within 1 hr following treatment the elution rate of DNA from treated cells resembled that obtained in untreated cultures. In contrast, DNA damage after Hg2+ insult was not repaired, and further damage was evident following a similar 1-hr recovery period. Addition of noncytotoxic, non-DNA-damaging concentrations of HgCl2 (10 microM) to cells 15 45 min following treatment with X-rays greatly inhibited the repair of the DNA strand breaks. Thus, although both HgCl2 and X-rays induce rapid and striking single-strand breaks in the DNA, persistence of Hg2+ in the cell can inhibit the repair of these breaks. The inhibition of DNA repair by HgCl2 may explain why this agent is not severely mutagenic or carcinogenic despite its ability to induce an X-ray-like DNA damage and why a lower level of mercury-induced DNA damage, compared with that induced by X-rays, was required to produce an equivalent level of cell death. PMID- 6223208 TI - [Kinetics of lambda phage structural protein synthesis. II. Pulse-labeled phage protein immunoprecipitation from bacterial cell lysates]. PMID- 6223210 TI - [Pre- and postnatal diagnosis of abdominal wall defects (omphalocele and gastroschisis). Case reports]. AB - Whereas the omphalocele develops from a malformation of the mesoderm during the embryonal period, the gastroschisis appears to be the result of an intrauterine vascular occlusion; defined as disruption. Definite signs of malformations are seen in omphalocele. In our patient population observed during a three year period, eight cases of abdominal wall defects were seen, four of which with Wiedemann-Beckwith syndrome and one with trisomy 18, two with an isolated omphalocele and one with a gastroschisis. The concomitance of genetic malformation syndromes implies the necessity of intrauterine diagnosis evaluation. In proven cases of chromosomopathies and signs of omphalocele in ultrasound an interruption of pregnancy may be indicated. Similarly with very unfavourable prognosis such as Edwards syndrome, a post partum operative intervention is not necessary. This decision however can only be reached through interdisciplinary consultation between the pediatrician, pediatric surgeon, midwife and parents. PMID- 6223209 TI - Chitin synthesis and localization in cell division cycle mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - Growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell cycle mutants cdc3, cdc4, cdc7, cdc24, and cdc28 at a nonpermissive temperature (37 degrees C) resulted in increased accumulation of chitin relative to other cell wall components, as compared with that observed at a permissive temperature (25 degrees C). Wild-type cells showed the same chitin/carbohydrate ratio at both temperatures, whereas mutants cdc13 and cdc21 yielded only a small increase in the ratio at 37 degrees C. These results confirm and extend those reported by B. F. Sloat and J. R. Pringle (Science 200:1171-1173, 1978) for mutant cdc24. The distribution of chitin in the cell wall was studied by electron microscopy, by specific staining with wheat germ agglutinin-colloidal gold complexes. At the permissive temperature, chitin was restricted to the septal region in all strains, whereas at 37 degrees C a generalized distribution of chitin in the cell wall was observed in all mutants. These results do not support a unique interdependence between the product of the cdc24 gene and localization of chitin deposition; they suggest that unbalanced conditions created in the cell by arresting the cycle at different stages result in generalized activation of the chitin synthetase zymogen. Thus, blockage of an event in the cell cycle may lead to consequences that are not functionally related to that event under normal conditions. PMID- 6223211 TI - At the hundredth anniversary of the Department of Histology of the Bucharest Faculty of Medicine. PMID- 6223213 TI - Folate metabolism in ageing. AB - Important histochemical observations on the nervous system, obtained in the last years, showed characteristic changes in folic acid and in its main enzyme- dihydrofolate reductase--in the old nerve cells. In neurons, the enzymic activity gradually decreased and folic acid accumulated in ageing. Glial cells preserved or slightly increased the same folate enzyme, but folic acid markedly increased in senescence. Opinions and suggestions bound to these observations are presented. PMID- 6223222 TI - [Growth regulation by chalones. Natural inhibitors and their medical pharmaceutical significance]. PMID- 6223223 TI - Survival and PHA-stimulation of gamma-irradiated human peripheral blood T lymphocyte subpopulations. AB - Human peripheral blood T lymphocyte subpopulations were identified and isolated on the basis of their ability to bind IgG (T-G), IgM (T-M), or neither immunoglobulin class (T-null). Lymphocytes were exposed to 0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.5 or 5.0 Gy of 60Co gamma-rays either as a T-cell suspension or as separated T cell subsets. Survival curves, determined 5 days after irradiation, revealed that each subset has radiosensitive and radioresistant portions, and that the T-G cell is the most sensitive subset. Mitotic indices of 48-h cultures showed that the response of unirradiated T lymphocytes to PHA varied greatly among the subsets, the highest indices being obtained for the T-M and the lowest for the T-G cells. With the possible exception of the T-G cells, the subsets are relatively resistant to mitotic effects of gamma-rays. T-G cells suppress the PHA-induced mitotic response of the other T lymphocyte subsets, and this suppressor effect is radiosensitive, being abolished by 1.0 Gy. It is concluded that lymphocytes exposed to greater than or equal to 1 Gy of gamma-rays will have very few dividing B lymphocytes or T-G cells. This together with radiation-induced loss of T-G suppressor action means that the predominant lymphocyte types in mitosis after greater than or equal to 1 Gy are the radioresistant T-M and T-null cells. PMID- 6223224 TI - Differential survival and chloramphenicol-insensitive error-prone repair of hydroxylamine-inactivated phi X174 bacteriophage mutants. AB - Features of inactivation, repair and concomitant mutagenesis of hydroxylamine treated phi X174 bacteriophages are reported here. (1) For reasons unknown, the nonsense phage mutants tested here were far more sensitive to hydroxylamine than the wild-type phage. In contrast, the sensitivities of these same phi X174 mutants to UV-irradiation are indistinguishable. (2) Hydroxylamine-treated amber phages mutated to ochre but not to wild-type particles, i.e., G leads to A transition events were recovered. (3) The repair of phi X174 phages from hydroxylamine-induced damage was error-prone, but unlike UV damage, did not require protein synthesis de novo. Possible mechanisms of these novel features are discussed. PMID- 6223225 TI - Formation of mutagens following chlorination of humic acid. A model for mutagen formation during drinking water treatment. AB - Aqueous chlorination of humic acids results in the formation of compounds with direct-acting mutagenic activity in the Ames/Salmonella plate assay for tester strains TA98, TA100, TA1535, TA1537 and TA1538. The addition of a rat-liver microsomal fraction (S9) plus cofactors causes a substantial decrease of activity, the extent of which is tester strain dependent. The non-chlorinated humic acids are not mutagenic either in the presence or absence of S9. Formation of mutagenic activity and of total organic halogen (TOX) is linearly related to humic concentration in the range of 0.2-1.6 mg/ml total organic carbon (TOC), and to chlorine concentration in the range of 0.1-1.0 chlorine equivalents per mole of carbon. The mutagenic activity is due predominantly to non-volatile compounds. Mutagenic activity is also detectable, after sample concentration by lyophilization, upon chlorination at a humic acid level of 0.02 mg/ml TOC. The specific mutagenic activities (per mg TOX), and also the degree of chlorine incorporation into humic acid, at 0.02 mg/ml TOC are similar to those present after chlorination at 1 mg/ml TOC. Production of mutagens is greatly dependent on the chlorination pH, with a pattern of decreasing mutagenic activity with increasing pH. This order of activity can be at least partially explained by the alkali liability of the compounds. Chlorination of commercial humic acids is proposed as a model for examination of mutagen formation during water chlorination. PMID- 6223226 TI - Acetylcholine receptor turnover in clonal muscle cells: role of plasmin and effects of protease inhibitors. AB - Characteristics of acetylcholine receptors were evaluated in G8-1, a continuous skeletal muscle line. Peak binding of 125I-alpha-bungarotoxin was in 10-day-old contractile myotubes at 4-8 nm. Turnover was studied using two different methods; both indicated half-times as little as half as long as previously reported for primary cultures. The effects of a variety of protease inhibitors on receptor turnover were assessed to determine if G8-1 receptors were less stable or turned over faster because of increased neutral protease activity. Leupeptin, antipain, and chloroquine markedly slowed receptor degradation. Inhibitors of plasmin or plasminogen activator had definite but less dramatic effects on receptor turnover. Results from studies in which plasmin was increased in the tissue culture media indicated that a small but definite acceleration of receptor turnover occurred. In clonal G8-1 cells, total number of acetylcholine receptors is controlled by negative feedback and although the major pathway for receptor degradation is lysosomal, plasmin may play a role in initiating receptor internalization. PMID- 6223227 TI - Percutaneous transluminal renal angioplasty in renovascular hypertension due to atheroma or fibromuscular dysplasia. AB - We attempted percutaneous transluminal renal angioplasty in 89 patients with hypertension and renal-artery stenosis (including 51 with atheromatous and 31 with fibromuscular stenoses) who were then followed for an average of 16 months (range, 4 to 40). Angioplasty was technically successful in 87 per cent of the fibromuscular stenoses and in 57 per cent of the unilateral atheromatous stenoses but in only 10 per cent of the bilateral atheromatous stenoses. After successful angioplasty, blood pressure was reduced to normal or improved in 93 per cent of the patients with fibromuscular dysplasia and in 84 per cent of the patients with atheromatous disease. Angiographic follow-up at an average of 21.8 months in 15 patients showed persistent relief of the stenoses and a 12 per cent average increase in kidney size. Renal angioplasty is effective for long-term control of hypertension in patients with renal-artery stenosis due to fibromuscular dysplasia or unilateral non-ostial atheroma. PMID- 6223229 TI - Hepatitis B vaccine. Pasteur Institute in AIDS fracas. PMID- 6223228 TI - In situ nick-translation distinguishes between active and inactive X chromosomes. AB - Template-active regions of chromatin are structurally distinct from nontranscribing segments of the genome. Recently, it was suggested that the conformation of active genes which renders them sensitive to DNase I may be maintained even in fixed mitotic chromosomes. We have developed a technique of mitotic cell fixation and DNase I-directed nick-translation which distinguishes between active and inactive X chromosomes. We report here that Gerbillus gerbillus (rodent) female cells contain easily identified composite X chromosomes each of which includes the original X chromosome flanked by two characteristic autosomal segments. After nick-translation the active X chromosome in each cell is labelled specifically in both the autosomal and X-chromosomal regions. The inactive X chromosome is labelled only in the autosomal regions and in a small early replicating band within the late replicating 'original X' chromosome. Our technique opens the possibility of following the kinetics of X-chromosome inactivation and reactivation during embryogenesis, studying active genes in the inactive X chromosome and mapping tissue-specific gene clusters. PMID- 6223230 TI - No panacea for acne. PMID- 6223231 TI - Murine splenocyte migration inhibition assay I. Detection of differential responses to murine leukemia P388 and its adriamycin-resistant subline P388/ADR. AB - A direct splenocyte migration inhibition assay system was used to evaluate cellular sensitization in BDF1 mice carrying intraperitoneal transplants of the lymphocytic leukemia, P388, and its adriamycin-resistant subline, P388/ADR. The individual splenocyte populations, PS and PAD (from the mice bearing P388 tumor and its subline, respectively), were tested against the 3 M KCl extracts, S-Ag and R-Ag (of P388 and P388/ADR tumor cells, respectively). The results indicated a gradual development of cellular sensitization against P388 tumors but not P388/ADR tumors. The migration of only PS cells was inhibited by extracts of both the syngeneic tumors in a dose-dependent manner. An extract of an allogeneic tumor, S-180, did not alter the migration of PS cells. The nonresponsive PAD cells, when mixed with the responsive PS cells at a ratio of 1:9, abrogated the latters' response to both the antigens. Such suppression was tumor-related and detected in the spleen 2 days after P388/ADR transplantation. Addition of normal murine splenocytes or P388/ADR tumor cells did not prevent PS cells from responding to the tumor extracts. These results indicated the presence of suppressor cells in the spleens of mice with P388/ADR tumors. PMID- 6223232 TI - Abnormal perisomatic structures in non-pyramidal neurons in the cerebral cortex in Down's syndrome. PMID- 6223233 TI - Serotonergic control of oxytocin release during suckling in the rat: opposite effects in conscious and anesthetized rats. AB - Serotonergic control over the reflex oxytocin (OT) release was investigated in anesthetized rats and in conscious rats. The effects of drugs were tested in the first case, on the electrical activity of oxytocinergic cells during sucklings and in the second case, on the litter weight gain after 30 min suckling (indirect index of OT release). In rats anesthetized with urethane (1.2 g/kg), intraventricular injection of 1 microgram serotonin interrupted the regular pattern of the neurosecretory bursts and milk ejections for about 15-20 min (inhibitory effect of the 'all-or-none' type). 10 micrograms cyproheptadine or R47465 (serotonergic antagonists) slightly but significantly decreased the mean delay between two neurosecretory bursts without modifying their amplitude and in half the cases, disturbed their periodicity with occasional appearance of very close dual neurosecretory bursts. Pretreatment with rho-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA) (250 mg/kg i.p.) did not prevent or affect the regular milk ejection pattern. The inhibitory effect of 5-HT was lengthened by fluoxetine, a 5-HT reuptake inhibitor (1 microliter of 10(-4) M solution into the 3rd ventricle) and prevented by 5 micrograms R47465. In conscious rats, all the above drugs had an opposite effect. 5-HT and 5-HTP (5-HT precursor) did not affect the milk ejection reflex, whereas serotonergic antagonists and PCPA had an inhibitory effect. Injecting 5-HT into the PCPA-treated mothers restored their ability to release OT in response to suckling. Hypotheses for these opposite effects are discussed. PMID- 6223234 TI - Thymic lymphocyte subpopulations in myasthenia gravis. AB - We compared the percentages of thymic mononuclear cells (TMC) that bind monoclonal antibodies to T-cell subpopulations in patients with myasthenia gravis (MG) and non-MG patients undergoing cardiac surgery (CS). There were no significant differences in percentages of OKT3+, OKT4+, OKT6+, or OKT8+ cells or the OKT4:OKT8 ratio. There was an increase in the percentage of Ia+ (immune response gene-associated antigen) TMC in MG compared with CS but no significant differences in B cells or phagocytic cells. The Ia+ cells could be abnormal B cells, activated T cells, or thymic dendritic cells. PMID- 6223236 TI - Effect of cholinergic agents in Huntington's disease: a reappraisal. AB - The effects of centrally and peripherally active anti-cholinergic agents were investigated in four patients with Huntington's disease. Scopolamine reduced chorea, increased incoordination, induced sedation, and produced confusion. Benztropine produced similar but milder effects. A peripheral anticholinergic, glycopyrrolate, had no effect. These results, combined with previous studies, indicate that cholinergic agonists and antagonists that produce sedation may reduce chorea without improving coordination, and suggest that this antichoreic action is independent of their cholinergic actions. PMID- 6223235 TI - Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis: an immune complex disease? AB - Vascular osmiophilic deposits of entangled tubular profiles were demonstrated by electronmicroscopy in the cerebral tissue of a patient with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis. Measles viral antigen, IgG, IgM, and C3 were found in the same distribution, indicating that the deposits represent immune complexes. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of immune complexes in the vessels of the central nervous system. PMID- 6223237 TI - [Vegetative innervation and the activity of various enzymes in the blood vessels of the pia mater in rabbits after uni- and bilateral removal of the upper cervical ganglion]. PMID- 6223238 TI - CT and ultrasonic evaluation of rectus sheath hematoma: a complication of anticoagulant therapy. PMID- 6223240 TI - [Rules of the International Air Traffic Association and problems of transporting disabled passengers by commercial airlines]. AB - The IATA regulations on the scheduled flight transportation of sick passengers is presented and the problems involved illustrated. Among other recommendations it is suggested that collaboration with the patients' doctors in filling up the MEDIF form is essential for the sick passenger's comfort and safety. PMID- 6223239 TI - [Piperacillin: microbiological and clinical studies]. AB - A microbiological and clinical study of the action of piperacillin is presented. The drug showed an excellent in vitro antibacterial action on gram positive and gram negative microorganisms. Its in vitro action on Ps. aeruginosa (70.8% of strains inhibited) was also extremely interesting, making it the second most effective of the antibiotics tested after polymyxin B and colistin, polypeptides unsuitable for clinical use. In vivo, the administration of piperacillin achieved a clinical and bacteriological cure in 35 out of 40 patients and a clinical cure in 2 out of 40. It was only therapeutically unsuccessful in 3 cases. It is concluded that its microbiological, kinetic and tolerance features make piperacillin suitable for a wide range of therapeutic purposes. PMID- 6223241 TI - Norfloxacin-induced rheumatic disease. PMID- 6223242 TI - The immunopathogenesis of glomerulonephritis: muddied waters. PMID- 6223243 TI - Ovulation timing by luteinizing hormone assay and follicle puncture. AB - Follicle puncture with oocyte harvest or ovarian inspection for an early corpus luteum was carried out in 13 patients undergoing laparoscopy during routine infertility workup. Laparoscopies were carried out 28 to 38.5 hours after the onset of the luteinizing hormone surge so that there would be a concentration of data around the expected time of ovulation. A rapid luteinizing hormone assay was used. All the corpora lutea were found 38 hours or more after the onset of the luteinizing hormone surge. Between 28 and 38 hours after the onset of the surge, intact follicles containing oocytes in various stages of maturation were found. PMID- 6223244 TI - [Pregnancy and tobacco consumption]. PMID- 6223245 TI - [Somatic, job and behavior-dependent risk factors in heart infarct]. PMID- 6223246 TI - [Psychosocial aspects of fitness for employment in the tropics]. PMID- 6223247 TI - [Swimming pool hygiene from the viewpoint of the surveillance authority- considerations on the introduction of the DIN 19643 and the impending swimming pool water regulation]. PMID- 6223248 TI - [The Hannover Social Pediatric Program--pediatricians' role (SOPHIA)]. PMID- 6223249 TI - [Sports and exercise therapy in the framework of a cancer aftercare course]. PMID- 6223250 TI - [Developments in mortality in West Germany, 1952-1979. 3. Age-specific mortality in cardiovascular diseases]. PMID- 6223251 TI - [Role of prophylactic examinations in the diagnosis of eye neoplasms]. PMID- 6223252 TI - [Organization of primary medico-sanitary services in corneal pathology]. PMID- 6223253 TI - [Successful treatment of brain metastases in breast cancer with blood-brain barrier-impervious cytostatics and hormones]. AB - 11 patients (age 36-60 years) with breast cancer and CT-scan documented brain metastases (BM) were treated with hormonochemotherapy: 5-fluorouracil 500 mg/m2 i.v. day 1 + 8, adriamycin 50 mg/m2 i.v. day 1, cyclophosphamide 500 mg/m2 i.v. day 1-q4 weeks (FAC) and tamoxifen (TXF) 20 mg/day per os. Ovarectomy was carried out in 3 praemenopausal patients. In 3 cases single BM were surgically resected (2 subtotal, 1 total). One patient was shunted due to a hydrocephalus occlusus. Complete response (CR), i.e. normalization of CT-scan and disappearance of CNS related symptoms, was achieved in 9 out of 11 patients. One patient with partial remission (PR) and another with progressive disease died 6 and 5 months after diagnosis of BM. The median duration of remissions of all patients was 12 (5-43) months. The median survival time from diagnosis of BM was 15 (5-44) months and from mastectomy 46 (26-142) months. The cumulative probability of surviving was 63% one year after diagnosis of BM. One relapsing patient achieved a second CR, another a PR by whole brain irradiation. 4 patients survived more than 18 months from the diagnosis of BM. It appears that chemo-hormonotherapy provides a rational approach to palliation in breast cancer patients with BM in prolonging the survival. PMID- 6223254 TI - Leukaemia in children with Down's syndrome. AB - Between 1971 and 1981 756 children were diagnosed to have leukaemia in Hungary. Of these, 17 had Down's syndrome. Analyzing the clinical course of their leukaemia revealed a low remission rate and very poor survival in these patients. Down's syndrome seems to present a special high-risk feature, for early death or relapse into leukaemia, which is only partially explained by the accompanying abnormalities. PMID- 6223255 TI - Comparison of radionuclide images and radiographs for skeletal metastases from renal cell carcinoma. AB - 68 metastatic bone lesions proven by biopsy, follow-up radionuclide bone imaging, or radiographs in 18 patients with surgically confirmed renal cell carcinoma were retrospectively analyzed. Bone imaging demonstrated 62 lesions (91%): 48 definite, 7 questionable 'hot' lesions, and, 2 definite, 5 questionable 'cold' lesions. The spine was the most common site. 15 patients had more than one metastasis. 27 lesions were undiscovered by radiographs. Serum alkaline phosphatase was elevated in 12 of 18 patients. It is concluded that radionuclide bone imaging is more sensitive than radiographic examination for bony metastasis from renal cell carcinoma, and that it is important to recognize 'cold' metastatic lesions on the bone imaging in patients with renal cell carcinoma. PMID- 6223256 TI - Anatomy as related to function and pain. AB - In this article I have attempted to give an overview of the current aspects of anatomy relevant to understanding low back function and pain. Generally, anatomy, neuroanatomy, and mechanics of the spine are not well understood by those who examine and treat these structures. It is hoped that an improved understanding will enhance both evaluation and patient care. PMID- 6223257 TI - Diagnostic studies in clinical practice. AB - In conclusion, it has become obvious that the diagnostic approach to the patient with low back pain is multidisciplinary in nature. The diagnostic and treatment modalities available to the spine surgeon in 1983 have been expanded greatly. No longer does the frustration of dealing with a nebulous realm of pain complaints involving the low back have be tolerated. Specific diagnoses can be made and treatment instituted. New, less invasive diagnostic techniques continue to evolve, including such things as nuclear magnetic resonance. In addition, the importance of diet, physical exercise, relaxation, and overall fitness has become generally accepted in the United States today. It has also become much easier to gain the patient's cooperation in regard to his or her responsibility in the treatment program. PMID- 6223258 TI - Injection techniques for the diagnosis and treatment of low back pain. PMID- 6223259 TI - Radiofrequency facet denervation. A treatment alternative in refractory low back pain with or without leg pain. PMID- 6223260 TI - Rehabilitation of the patient with spinal pain. PMID- 6223261 TI - The role of fusion for chronic low back pain. AB - The demonstration of a rich nerve supply in the outer half of the disc and the occurrence of deep pain referred from the vertebral column to the leg without nerve root compression are both important aspects in understanding low back pain and in making a decision regarding its surgical management. Discography is invaluable as a diagnostic test in patients with chronic back pain if one is to demonstrate discogenic lesions. For sufferers of postlaminectomy syndrome, a difficult patient group, a simultaneous combined anterior and posterior fusion offers a real hope for relief of pain and rehabilitation. PMID- 6223262 TI - Workers' Compensation insurance. PMID- 6223263 TI - [50th anniversary of the Turner Leningrad children's orthopedic research institute]. PMID- 6223264 TI - [Statistics on disability as a consequence of injuries and diseases of the locomotor apparatus]. PMID- 6223265 TI - Automated versus self-monitoring of 'up-time' in chronic low-back pain patients: a comparative study. AB - The study compared up-time data gathered with automated and self-monitoring measurement systems. Six chronic low-back pain inpatients, 6 psychiatric inpatients and 6 hospital staff members were used as subjects. Concurrent recordings of up-time were taken over 4 consecutive days with the two measurement systems. Results showed that: (a) subjects across all 3 groups reported significantly less absolute up-time values from self-monitoring than automated monitoring, (b) non-patient staff subjects exhibited greater absolute up-time levels from both measurement methods than those reported by low-back pain or psychiatric inpatients, (c) low-back pain subjects showed a greater discrepancy between absolute up-time measures from the two measurement systems than differences found for psychiatric or staff subjects, and (d) automated and self monitoring up-time values were positively correlated within each group of subjects. It was concluded that automated and self-monitoring up-time data were not directly comparable. Expanded development and usage of automated measurement systems was recommended. PMID- 6223266 TI - Invalid use of pain drawings in psychological screening of back pain patients. AB - Drawings by low back pain patients depicting the severity, type, and location of their pain have been suggested as a brief screening technique for psychological involvement in the pain complaints. A study of 212 back pain patients showed that pain drawings cannot validly be used in this way, since over half of the patients meeting MMPI criteria for psychological involvement in their pain were incorrectly identified as normal on the Pain Drawing test. PMID- 6223267 TI - A report of CPA administration in a postpuberal adrenogenital syndrome. PMID- 6223268 TI - Plain radiographic, nuclear medicine and angiographic observations of hepatogenic pulmonary angiodysplasia. AB - Clinical and radiological findings of hepatogenic pulmonary angiodysplasia are reported in two cases. Myriad spidery pulmonary blood vessels are seen on plain radiographs and verified with right to left intrapulmonary shunting on pulmonary angiogram and pulmonary isotopic perfusion scan. Pathophysiology and differential diagnosis are discussed. We propose that the term "pulmonary angio-dysplasia" should include: 1) Pulmonary telangiectasia 2) Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (Osler-Rendu-Weber syndrome) 3) Classical discrete pulmonary arteriovenous fistula 4) Hepatogenic pulmonary angiodysplasia: pulmonary arteriovenous communications with right to left shunting secondary to hepatic cirrhosis. PMID- 6223269 TI - New therapy for severe cystic acne. PMID- 6223270 TI - [Handicapped care comes up a step]. PMID- 6223271 TI - [Treatment of children as a part of a student education at the University of Gottingen]. PMID- 6223272 TI - [Help for people who cannot help themselves]. PMID- 6223273 TI - [Evaluation of iliac angioplasty by electro-magnetic flow meter and pressure index]. PMID- 6223274 TI - [Studies in radiosensitizing effects of misonidazole and SR-2508 on experimental animal tumors]. PMID- 6223275 TI - Detection of non-homology-containing heteroduplex molecules. AB - Heteroduplex DNA molecules which contain both the wild-type and mutant sequences of a deletion nonhomology possess a characteristic electrophoretic mobility in agarose and can be readily separated from both the wild-type and deletion containing parental homoduplex fragments. Because of the partial single stranded character of these deletion-containing heteroduplex molecules, they are selectively bound to nitrocellulose filters, and once bound, can be selectively detected by hybridization with radioactively labeled single-stranded DNA which is homologous to the sequences absent in the deletion mutation. PMID- 6223276 TI - Biogenesis of mitochondria: the mitochondrial gene (aap1) coding for mitochondrial ATPase subunit 8 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - A mitochondrial gene (denoted aap1) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been characterized by nucleotide sequence analysis of a region of mtDNA between the oxi3 and oli2 genes. The reading frame of the aap1 gene specifies a hydrophobic polypeptide containing 48 amino acids. The functional nature of this reading frame was established by sequence analysis of a series of mit- mutants and revertants. Evidence is presented that the aap1 gene codes for a mitochondrially synthesized polypeptide associated with the mitochondrial ATPase complex. This polypeptide (denoted subunit 8) is a proteolipid whose size has been previously assumed to be 10 kilodaltons based on its mobility on SDS-polyacrylamide gels, but the sequence of the aap1 gene predicts a molecular weight of 5,815 for this protein. PMID- 6223277 TI - [Whole-body retention of 99mTc-methylene diphosphonate in skeletal diseases]. AB - The 24 h-whole-body retention (WBR), determined by a whole-body counter, may be used to quantify exactly bone seeking properties of a radiopharmaceutical. The 24h-WBR of 99mTc-methylene-diphosphonate was determined in 200 patients and was found to be independent of kidney function if this function was normal or only slightly diminished. The 24h-WBR was slightly dependent on age since it decreased up to 20 years of age, reaching a minimum at 20-25 years, and then increased with increasing age. Normal values of 24h-WBR for individuals of more than 20 years of age were 31.8 +/- 5% of injected dose. Not more than two focal accumulations, i.e. skeletal metastases, failed to elevate the 24h-WBR significantly (p less than 0.1). However, a highly significant (p less than 0.001) difference to normals was found in patients with multiple metastases (24h-WBR: 38.2 +/- 7%), with diffuse osseous involvement as in primary hyperparathyroidism (24h-WBR: 49 +/- 11.7%, p less than 0.001) or with osteoporosis (24h-WBR: 45%). The 24h-WBR was found to be very sensitive in grading diffuse osseous involvement. This was shown in single-tumor patients by follow-up as the 24h-WBR in addition to bone scans was useful to describe progression or remission. Moreover, the 24h-WBR correlated closely with results of bone marrow biopsies in a small group of patients with malignancies of the lymphoreticular system. PMID- 6223278 TI - [Detection of rhinoliquorrhea with 99mTc-labelled human serum albumin]. AB - 99mTc-labelled human serum albumin was used in 42 patients, 35 without and 7 with proven rhinoliquorrhoea, to combine liquor scintigraphy with the detection of liquor fistula. Since some 99mTc is split off from albumin during the time of investigation and is actively secreted by mucous membranes and salivary glands it was not possible to detect liquorrhoea by calculation of activity ratios like that of secretion of the nose to blood or saliva. But dividing the activity in the secretion of the nose by that in saliva after 2 and 6 hrs this ratio was independent of the amount of activity and had a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 93% in detecting a liquor fistula. Combining scintigrams of the subarachnoidal space with the search for liquorrhoea using an always available radiopharmaceutical such as labelled HSA might be attractive. In 4 of 7 patients with a liquor fistula there was additionally a pathologic result obtained with scintigraphy of the subdural space. PMID- 6223280 TI - Karen claims compensation. PMID- 6223279 TI - Systems of life. No 102 . Setting up the systems-2. PMID- 6223281 TI - The effectiveness of a fissure sealant after six years. PMID- 6223282 TI - Patient availability in undergraduate pedodontic programs. PMID- 6223283 TI - [Purification of alpha-1,4 leads to 1,4-glucosyltransferase from horse blood serum]. AB - The purification of alpha-1,4-1,4-glucosyltransferase from the equine serum is presented. Ion-exchange chromatography on DE-11, DE-32 and CM-32 celluloses was applied in the successive steps of isolation. Gel-filtration on Bio-Gel P-200 was the last step of purification; it gave the protein which was homogeneous on disc polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The purification degree was of the order 2100 at about 40% yield. PMID- 6223284 TI - [Properties of alpha-1,4 leads to -glucosyltransferase from the muscles and blood serum of horses]. AB - Alpha-1,4 leads to 1,4-glucosyltransferase preparations from horse muscles and serum were studied. The enzyme proteins from both tissues are very similar. Both proteins have a molecular weight of 240 000 and consist of four subunits of 60 000 daltons each. pH 5,0 is optimal for the activity. Only substrates with alpha 1, 4-linkages can serve as glucosyl donors for transferase reactions. Km values for both enzymes differ very slightly. At low substrate concentrations the hydrolytic activity can be found in addition to transferase reactions. At the concentration of the substrate higher than 40 mM only the transferase reactions are catalysed. PMID- 6223285 TI - Staphylococcal toxin syndromes. PMID- 6223286 TI - [Our modification of the method of determining plasma glibornuride and the evaluation of its usefulness in clinical and pharmacological studies]. PMID- 6223288 TI - Myofascial origin of low back pain. PMID- 6223287 TI - Distribution of quinoline carboxylic acid derivatives in the dog prostate. AB - The distribution in the prostate of norfloxacin and rosoxacin, both quinoline carboxylic acid derivatives, was investigated in an experimental dog model. The concentrations in prostatic interstitial fluid (PIF) and prostatic secretion (PS) of both antimicrobials were lower than the corresponding plasma (P) concentrations, as might be expected for acidic compounds. Norfloxacin achieved significantly higher PS/P and PIF/P ratios than rosoxacin following intravenous infusion; there were no differences between the two drugs in the various tissue/plasma ratios. The concentrations of both norfloxacin and rosoxacin in PIF, PS, and urine were in the minimal inhibitory range for most gram-negative pathogens causing bacterial prostatitis and urinary tract infections. Clinical trials may be warranted for both drugs. PMID- 6223289 TI - A single dose comparison of a combination of fenoterol and ipratropium aerosols in bronchial asthma. AB - Nine patients with reversible obstructive airways disease were studied to compare the bronchodilator response to a combination of fenoterol and ipratropium aerosols with two dose levels of fenoterol alone. Using a double-blind, cross over, single dose regime, 200 micrograms fenoterol hydrobromide and 80 micrograms ipratropium bromide was compared to 400 micrograms fenoterol + placebo, and to 200 micrograms fenoterol + placebo. There was no significant difference between the combination and either dose of fenoterol in terms of peak or duration of response as determined by absolute or percent change in forced expiratory volume in one second, or forced vital capacity, over baseline. PMID- 6223290 TI - Recurrent glomerulonephritis. AB - A patient with seven attacks of acute glomerulonephritis is described. Following each attack renal function returned to normal. Investigations strongly suggested immune complex disease as the cause of the nephritis but extensive tests failed to define the antigen. The possibility of an exogenous self-administered antigen is considered. PMID- 6223291 TI - Rise and fall of a child development team. PMID- 6223292 TI - [Importance of anamnesis and examination in patients with backache]. PMID- 6223293 TI - [The prevalence of degenerative spinal diseases]. PMID- 6223294 TI - [Inflammatory spinal diseases]. PMID- 6223295 TI - [Physiotherapy in lumbago]. PMID- 6223296 TI - [A special method of therapy in lumbago]. PMID- 6223297 TI - [Endurance training in chronic lumbago]. PMID- 6223298 TI - [Manual therapy of lumbago]. PMID- 6223299 TI - [High-frequency ventilation in the treatment of acute respiratory insufficiency]. PMID- 6223300 TI - [Comparison of high-frequency jet ventilation and conventional ventilation in the adult respiratory distress syndrome]. AB - Sixteen adult patients with respiratory distress syndrome requiring mechanical respiratory assistance entered this study, the purpose of which was to obtain the same blood gas values under high frequency jet ventilation as under conventional ventilation. When high frequency jet ventilation without spontaneous breathing was compared to continuous positive pressure ventilation, peak airway pressure was the same, but mean airway pressure, positive end-expiratory pressure and pleural pressure were higher and cardiac index lower. When high frequency jet ventilation with spontaneous breathing was compared to intermittent mandatory ventilation, peak airway pressure was lower, mean airway pressure and positive end-expiratory pressure were higher, and pleural pressure and cardiac index were not different. PMID- 6223301 TI - [Renal risk of vaccinations. Prospective survey and retrospective study]. AB - The risk of renal damage from diphtheria, tetanus and typho-paratyphoid vaccination was assessed by means of a prospective and a retrospective study. The prospective study involved 817 young adults without history nor signs of urinary disease and therefore, with presumably healthy kidneys. Urine samples were taken before and after each injection and examined for proteinuria and microscopic haematuria. After a total of 1712 doses there was no evidence of post-vaccination nephropathy. In a retrospective study of 63 patients with various forms of glomerulonephritis vaccination was found to be responsible for one case of acute renal failure consecutive to proliferative lesions and one case of syndromic reaction in an asymptomatic Berger's disease. These two complementary studies show that post-vaccination nephropathy may occur, albeit rarely, and that current preventive measures should be pursued. PMID- 6223302 TI - [Acute postoperative pulmonary edema in the coronary patient: effects of myocardial ischemia]. AB - In order to evaluate the incidence of myocardial ischaemia in patients who developed acute pulmonary oedema during the immediate post-operative period, continuous monitoring of the electrocardiogram by the Holter method was used in 200 consecutive patients with coronary artery disease. Fourteen of these patients exhibited ST segment depression during the post-operative period and 13 during surgery. Nine patients developed acute pulmonary oedema immediately after the operation and in 7 cases the oedema was preceded by myocardial ischaemia. A continuous nitroglycerin infusion brought about regression of the pulmonary oedema in 8 cases. One patient died despite treatment. These findings underline the part played by myocardial ischaemia in the pathogenesis of acute post operative pulmonary oedema in patients with coronary artery disease. PMID- 6223303 TI - [Leg aneurysm complicating bacterial endocarditis. 2 cases]. AB - Arterial aneurysms constitute a classical, albeit rare (1.1%) complication of bacterial endocarditis; they uncommonly involve the arteries of the legs (6.6%). Two cases successfully treated are reported. In both cases the initial diagnosis was phlebitis, which emphasizes the difficulty of diagnosing the disease at an early stage and the need for additional investigations, notably computerized tomography. Surgery is usually required. PMID- 6223304 TI - [Progestins]. AB - Progesterone exerts most of its actions through its specific receptors. However, synthetic progestins and progesterone itself may bind with other steroid receptors, thus producing a variety of effects. For instance, some nonsteroid derivatives produce virilizing effects by acting on testosterone receptors. In contrast, other derivatives may inhibit or potentiate the actions of androgens. Similar interactions of progestins with gluco- or mineralocorticoid receptors have been reported. The therapeutic applications of progestins are therefore extremely numerous. An improved knowledge of the mode of action of individual available progestins results in better management of a wide variety of clinical disorders including, amongst others, endometrial pathology, benign breast diseases, hirsutism and acne. PMID- 6223305 TI - [Hemorrhagic syndrome caused by a circulating antifactor V anticoagulant. Correction by transfusion of fresh frozen plasma and plasma exchange]. PMID- 6223307 TI - [Internal maxillary artery. An unrecognized ultrasonic recording point in the pterygomaxillary fossa]. PMID- 6223306 TI - [Granulopenia after treatment with ampicillin]. PMID- 6223308 TI - [Research on statistical correlations between the mean platelet volume and the presence of anemia and/or biological inflammation]. PMID- 6223309 TI - [Leukocyte chemotaxis induced by mixed cryoglobulins. Comparison between the inhibitory activity of EGTA and EDTA]. PMID- 6223310 TI - [Reevaluation of intolerance to vancomycin]. PMID- 6223311 TI - [Bilateral abscessed lung caused by Legionella pneumophila serogroup 3. Lethal relapse after initially efficacious antibiotherapy]. PMID- 6223312 TI - [Plasma fibronectin in acute septic respiratory distress syndromes]. PMID- 6223313 TI - [Transcutaneous wirsungography under echoscopic control]. PMID- 6223314 TI - Interaction of trophoblast membranes with lymphocytes and other cells. AB - Certain proteins present in trophoblast membranes may be instrumental in assuring the successful cohabitation of allogeneic tissues in the materno-fetal relationship of normal human pregnancy, inasmuch as preparations of trophoblast microvilli can specifically impede the progress of immune recognition reactions, as measured by the mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC) reaction. Microvilli prepared from fresh placentae were extracted with 3 mol/1 KCl and solubilized overnight in 1 per cent sodium deoxycholic acid (DOC). Following ultracentrifugation, the DOC supernatant chromatographed on Bio-Gel P-200 yielded two major protein peaks. The first peak (P1) was observed to eliminate MLC reactivity, impede the spontaneous turnover of T-cell-enriched populations and interfere with the proliferation of the Daudi lymphoblastoid B cell line. Sepharose CL-6B chromatography of KCl extracted, DOC-solubilized microvilli yielded a broad peak (m.w. 5 X 10(4) to 5 X 10(5)); 5 micrograms of this specifically abrogated all MLC reactivity while leaving lymphocyte responses to lectins unaffected. The composition of the MLC inhibitory peak was analysed by using SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under reducing conditions; it revealed 15 protein bands, six of which also stained for glycoproteins. PMID- 6223315 TI - [Scientific organization of labor at the Byelorussian Scientific-Research Institute for Tuberculosis]. PMID- 6223316 TI - [Features of the clinical course of tuberculosis of the female genital organs]. PMID- 6223317 TI - [125th anniversary of the Z. P. Solov'ev Kuibyshev Regional Tuberculosis Hospital]. PMID- 6223318 TI - [Detection and treatment of tuberculosis of the upper respiratory tract]. PMID- 6223319 TI - [Formation and characteristics of patient registration group VII A of a tuberculosis dispensary]. PMID- 6223320 TI - [Rehabilitation of osteoarticular tuberculosis patients in the residual period]. PMID- 6223321 TI - New treatment in coronary disease: current status and future trends. PMID- 6223322 TI - Dopamine autoreceptor stimulation: clinical significance. AB - Recent studies of the effects of low doses of dopamine agonists, designed to stimulate dopamine autoreceptors and hence diminish the synthesis and release of dopamine, were based on a series of basic research studies which demonstrated the existence of autoreceptors on dopamine neurones of the nigrostriatal, mesolimbic and mesocortical dopaminergic neurones. Evidence for autoreceptors on the tuberoinfundibular dopamine neurones which participate in the regulation of prolactin and growth hormone secretion is lacking. Some recent reports have questioned the existence of dopamine autoreceptors on the mesolimbic and nigrostriatal dopamine neurones. Specificity of various dopamine agonists and antagonists for the dopamine autoreceptor will be reviewed. The sedative, anxiolytic, antipsychotic, antidyskinetic and neuroendocrine effects of low dose dopamine agonists in man will be described. Low dose apomorphine, N propylapomorphine and bromocriptine have been reported to have antipsychotic effects in the major psychoses, to diminish tardive dyskinesia and to enhance extrapyramidal insufficiency. A unique depressive state which developed in a small proportion of psychiatric patients after low dose apomorphine will be described. Further evidence for the lack of dopamine autoreceptors on the tuberoinfundibular dopamine neurones in man will be presented. Strategies for further study of the dopamine autoreceptor concept in man will be discussed. PMID- 6223324 TI - Prescriptive check list for positioning multihandicapped residential clients. A clinical report. AB - Positioning is an important aspect of the management of severely multihandicapped patients. Many problems arise in providing this intervention consistently in a residential facility. A check list is presented that provides client-specific positioning information and an objective method of evaluating how well the positioning is being carried out. PMID- 6223323 TI - Time-courses of p-CPA-induced depletion of brain serotonin and muricidal aggression in the rat. AB - p-Chlorophenylalanine is known to selectively decrease brain serotonin and to induce muricidal aggression in previously docile rats. With regard to the substance's relatively time-limited effect on brain serotonergic system, the neurochemical activity of p-CPA on tryptophan, serotonin and 5 hydroxyindoleacetic acid on seven discrete areas of the rat brain is studied in parallel to the time-course of muricidal aggression induced by the drug. Evidence indicates that, following the disruption of brain serotonergic inhibitory control, muricidal aggression becomes a stable behavior, probably on account of its self-reinforcing property. PMID- 6223325 TI - Kinetic studies on the initial contraction dependent high ATPase activity of actomyosin molecules. AB - In contracting (superprecipitating) clearing and fully contracted (previously superprecipitated) actomyosin molecules the presteady state phosphate burst was found to be 2 nanomoles inorganic phosphate (Pi) per nanomole myosin. In these muscle models a significant difference in the Mg2+ ATPase activity was found following the initial phosphate burst. Between 120 and 800 milliseconds after the commencement of the reaction the Mg2+ ATPase activity of contracting actomyosin molecules was 5-10 times greater than that of the fully contracted or clearing actomyosin molecules. In the same time interval the rate of turbidity increase of the contracting actomyosin molecules was about 10 fold greater than during the remainder of the time to reach maximal superprecipitation. This high initial ATPase activity found to be present only in the contracting actomyosin molecules and coinciding with the high rate of the velocity of contraction provides sufficient energy for contraction. We propose that this high Mg2+--ATPase activity following the initial burst and included as a part of "conventional" steady state ATPase activity is the source of energy for muscular contraction. Calculation of kinetic and thermodynamic constants indicates that the contracting actomyosin molecule is subjected to a conformational change. As a consequence of contraction the complementarity of the enzyme site to the intermediate complex decreases about 100 fold. Thus the contracted molecules temporarily become relatively refractive to provide energy for the contractile process. In our opinion these findings are important with regard to muscular contraction. PMID- 6223326 TI - Comparative studies on the enzymological and contractile properties of glycerinated muscle fibers and actomyosin suspensions. AB - Kinetic parameters of enzymatic reactions and contractile responses induced by adenosine triphosphate were studied using actomyosin suspensions or glycerinated muscle fibers. The results showed excellent correlations between the enzymatic and contractile events in both muscle models. Based on comparison of the kinetic constants of the two models, it is proposed that superprecipitation and supercontraction are similar expressions of an ATP-induced contractile response in muscle models of various levels of organization. PMID- 6223327 TI - Progestin-induced changes in play behaviour of the prepubertal rat. AB - The effects of neonatal exposure to medroxyprogesterone acetate on later play behaviour was studied. The experiments reported here indicate that animals of both sexes exposed to the hormone neonatally show lower levels of rough-and tumble play in the prepubertal period. The effect is primarily one on play initiation: the organisation of play behaviour once initiated is not significantly affected, and the effect on play does not seem to be secondary to effects on some other behaviour. Several hypotheses are considered that might account for these findings. PMID- 6223328 TI - The action chair. PMID- 6223329 TI - [Anticonvulsant: a possible cause of abnormal nitrogen metabolism in epileptics with severe physical and mental disabilities]. PMID- 6223330 TI - [The possibility of pharmacologic therapy of extrapyramidal hyperkineses with tiapride]. AB - A novel substance, tiaprid (Tiapridex), from the family of the substituted benzamides, can be used in an attempt to block the dopaminergic receptors of the corpus striatum without inducing the psychiatric side effects on the mesolimbic system associated with, for instance, neuroleptics. Since hyperkinetic illness of the brain-stem ganglions accompanied by myoclonia, athetosis and dystonia are believed to stem from a state of imbalance between dopaminergic and cholinergic processes in which dopaminergic activity predominates, the application of tiaprid was tested on patients with etiologically different illnesses in an open clinical study. The course of treatment was documented by measurements and a record of clinical findings. No tolerance problems were encountered, and the substance had no grave side effects. Its effects proved to be good to very good on myoclonic hyperkinesis and good to moderate on athetosis, but dystonia seemed to be resistant to this form of treatment. PMID- 6223331 TI - Lithium in seborrheic dermatitis. PMID- 6223332 TI - Human rights denied--the forgotten minority. PMID- 6223333 TI - [Radionuclide uroflowmetry and residual urine determination with electronic data processing]. PMID- 6223334 TI - [Catheter dilatation of arteries supplying the brain]. AB - Stenoses of the extracranial cerebral arteries can be successfully treated with percutaneous transluminal dilatation (PTD). Early and late results of PTD are comparable to those of vascular surgery, but are not accompanied by its morbidity and mortality rates. In 32 patients with subclavian steal syndrome PTD showed a technical success rate of 88% and a clinical cure rate of 72%. The fibrodysplastic carotid artery stenosis is well suited for PTD. These lesions often extend to the skull base causing difficulties for surgical correction. First experiences with PTD of atherosclerotic carotid artery stenosis are promising, but the efficacy of this procedure must be confirmed by a greater number of treated patients. PTD of the vertebral and basilar arteries present new therapeutic possibilities in the management of vertebrobasilar insufficiency demanding further evaluation. PMID- 6223335 TI - [Percutaneous angioplasty of the renal arteries--a therapeutic principle for the non-operative treatment of renovascular hypertension caused by renal artery stenosis. A report of experiences in a patient sample of 155 treated patients]. PMID- 6223336 TI - [Behavior of blood pressure, renal plasma flow and renal vein renin activity in renovascular hypertensive patients before and after PTA]. AB - Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) is more and more accepted for interventional management of renal artery stenosis in hypertensive patients. This study was carried out to assess the behaviour of arterial blood-pressure, renal plasma flow and renal venous renin activity in renovascular hypertension following catheter dilatation. Using the data the possibility is calculated to predict the effect of PTA on blood pressure preinterventionally. The results demonstrate that a successful employment of PTA depends on a normal contralateral renal plasma flow and a normalization of plasma flow of the post-stenotic kidney. Determination of plasma renin activity is only of restricted value. PMID- 6223337 TI - Aspects of chalone action. AB - The following aspects of action of a chalone-like factor for the Ehrlich ascites mammary carcinoma and of the granulocytic chalone are discussed: 1) Dependence on the state of proliferation. Rapidly growing cells respond poorly or not at all. 2) Antagonism with growth factors. The factor for the Ehrlich ascites mammary carcinoma is antagonized by physiological concentrations of insulin or by proinsulin. The granulocytic chalone is antagonized by colony stimulating factor. 3) Influence on cell cycle progression. Attempts and problems to analyse this influence for the factor for the Ehrlich ascites mammary carcinoma by flow cytometry are described. PMID- 6223338 TI - [Sensitization to protective rubber garments]. PMID- 6223339 TI - [Elaboration of the method of obtaining aerosols containing vioform and chlorchinaldin, and their clinical evaluation]. PMID- 6223340 TI - [Fibrosarcoma of bone]. AB - The authors have treated forty-five cases of fibrosarcoma of bone between 1949 and 1979. Tumours with chondrogenesis or osteogenesis to any extent have been excluded from the study. The conclusions are that fibrosarcoma represent 10 p. 100 of all bone tumours. Microscopy was difficult and in some cases it was not easy to determine both the fibroblastic origin and the presence of malignancy. Eight per cent of the tumours were primary and 20 p. 100 secondary. The global results indicated 40 p. 100 survival after five years. Twenty-four cases were treated by amputation of which twenty-two were followed up and fifteen were alive after five years. In nine cases, resection was performed. Recurrence occurred in five cases, three of which had to be amputated of which two survived. Two others were treated by irradiation without success. Ten cases were treated primarily by irradiation of which only three survived after heavy dosage. Proximally situated tumours had a very poor prognosis with no survival. The prognosis appeared to be better in those under forty years of age (55 p. 100 survival) than over forty years (11 p. 100 survival). PMID- 6223341 TI - [Prognosis of extensive vertebral arthrodesis for scoliosis using Harrington's rods. Initial evaluation]. AB - The authors have studied the technical results and the social status of patients operated on for scoliosis with Harrington rods. Only 137 of the first 330 patients, now adults, could be located and questioned. The scoliosis was idiopathic in nearly all cases. Correction of angulation was comparable to that found in the international literature. The aesthetic results were fair. Most of the patients are still young, and lead active lives without any noticeable loss of function or discomfort, except for low back pain whose frequency is discussed. Scoliosis, therefore, is thought to influence the social and professional future of these patients very little. Their problems have been analysed by the use of a questionnaire. The follow-up period for this early assessment is still short and needs to be completed by a further review in 10 to 15 years. It is likely that these results will not then be applicable to scoliosis of the future whose management will be likely to have altered. PMID- 6223342 TI - [Blount's disease in the Antilles. Apropos of 26 cases]. AB - Blount's disease is associated with agenesis of the medial tibial plateau leading to tibia vara. It appears to be more frequent in Scandinavian countries and in black populations. Twenty-six cases had been seen in Martinique (Antilles) of whom twenty were children. A classification into six stages was described. Stage IV is a critical one. Before it, corrective osteotomy will often lead to complete healing. After stage IV, lateral epiphysiodesis must be added to avoid recurrence of deformity. The technique of osteotomy was variable according to the age of the child and the obliquity of the joint line. In young children, a subtraction closing wedge osteotomy is suitable. In older children a "V" shaped osteotomy is recommended to lessen the amount of shortening. At the end of the growth period, a medial opening wedge osteotomy is advisable. In adults (six cases) whose deformity can reach as much as 50 degrees with considerable ligamentous laxity, reefing of the ligament must be added to the osteotomy. The problem of the opposite knee is discussed. Even when the disease is not bilateral, it can tend to develop towards arthrosis. PMID- 6223343 TI - [Posterior luxation of the fifth lumbar vertebra to the sacrum. Apropos of a case]. AB - The authors have observed a case of lumbo-sacral dislocation with posterior displacement of the fifth lumbar vertebra. There was partial impairment of the roots of the cauda equina. After open reduction and internal fixation, partial recovery was seen. A review of the literature revealed eighteen other similar cases. PMID- 6223344 TI - [Biopsy of the vertebral body using a posterior transpedicular approach]. AB - The technique of biopsy of the vertebral body through a posterior approach passing through the pedicle was first reported in 1963. A description of the technique is given. The importance of good radiological control is stressed. Biopsy can be made with a curette once the approach has been made with a drill. The results were positive in 46 cases out of 47. A false negative was found on only one occasion. PMID- 6223345 TI - [Round table: Results with respect to bone maturity in hip dislocations seen after the children began to walk]. PMID- 6223346 TI - [Round table: Functional results of major replantations of the upper extremity (finger amputation and subtotal amputations excepted)]. PMID- 6223347 TI - [The normal and prosthetic hip. A comparison of different surfaces]. AB - The authors made a study of the biomechanical features of the normal and the prosthetic hip with a special reference to the distribution of forces and the characteristics of low friction. In his conclusion, he points out that the normal hip constitutes a remarkable system for the distribution of pressure in that the bearing surfaces are increased in direct relation to the load. This mechanism only functions because of the absence of friction and for the same reason, the size of the femoral head does not have any particular mechanical importance. In contrast, in the prosthetic articulation, even the smallest load is localised to the polar region on a surface which becomes more limited the greater the modulus of elasticity of the two composing parts. Excessive pressure is not harmful as it may be in a normal hip. Friction constitutes one of the features of an artificial hip and may be a friction of rotation or a friction of leverage. To limit these phenomena to their maximum, the coefficient of friction should be made as low as possible and, as far as possible the diameter of the prosthetic head should be limited. PMID- 6223348 TI - [Effect of ethanol in preovulatory periods on LH, FSH, prolactin and ovulation in rats]. AB - The effect of ethanol (4 g/kg) as well as the role of serotoninergic neurons on the rate of ovulation and plasma LH, FSH and prolactin secretion have been studied in rats at preovulatory periods (18th hour of diestrus). It has been found that administration of ethanol in preovulatory periods decreased the number of ovules per rat (p less than 0.001), the number of ovulating rats and LH levels (p less than 0.001). These effects were accompanied by an increase in prolactin concentration (0.05 greater than p greater than 0.02), which was followed by a diffuse luteinization in the ovarian tissue. These results showed that ethanol had an effect of central depression in preovulatory periods. These effects could be mediated through the hypothalamic releasing factors. Under previous serotonin depletion with p-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA: 300 mg/kg), ethanol caused similar effects on LH and FSH levels as compared with the control group with PCPA. However, prolactin concentration was not increased. These results showed that serotoninergic neurons could be mediated in changes caused by ethanol on prolactin secretion, but do not affect directly in changes caused on LH and FSH secretion. PMID- 6223349 TI - [Historical development of the self-help associations of physically disabled people]. AB - By a number of varying actions disabled people have attempted during the International Year of Disabled Persons to draw the general public's attention to the marginality of their position. The sometimes offensive course of action adopted by some gave rise to a variety of responses. What has at any rate been re affirmed is the demand of disabled people to take their problems in their own hands. A look back into the history of self-help associations however shows that equal hardships will not of necessity bring about solidarity. It will, therefore, be crucial to foster the ability for integrative solidarity both among the groups of disabled people and on the part of the non-disabled public. PMID- 6223350 TI - [Telephone sets and environmental control devices for disabled persons--a brief overview and hints for their individualized selection]. AB - Intended for the disabled person and those who advise him, for the physician and occupational therapist, as well as the engineering staff involved, an overview is given of assistive devices that have recently become available, i.e. --telephone sets for disabled persons of the German Federal Postal Administration and/or Standard Elektrik Lorenz AG, with or without environmental controls, --pertaining accessory units, --other devices designed to assist telecommunication. Based on novel, residual-capacity-related classifications of disability, the appliances that may be required in the individual case are set forth. Graphs are used to depict the various disabilities concerned, with reference lines and arrows pointing to the devices answering to the requirements of a given disability. Concluding, the author deals with some issues involved in counselling and provision. PMID- 6223351 TI - [Cases from jurisprudence]. PMID- 6223352 TI - The practical use of microcomputers in rehabilitation. PMID- 6223353 TI - Disabled individuals can talk to their computers. PMID- 6223354 TI - Rehabilitation engineering service evaluation: a follow-up study of device effectiveness and patient acceptance. PMID- 6223355 TI - Metabolism of glucose and mannose anomers in pancreatic islets. AB - The alpha-anomers of D-glucose and D-mannose stimulate insulin release more efficiently than the corresponding beta-anomers. This coincides with higher glycolytic and oxidative fluxes in pancreatic islets exposed to alpha- than to beta-anomers. This situation may be attributable, in the case of alpha-D-glucose, not solely to the alpha-stereospecificity of phosphoglucose isomerase but also to that of phosphoglucomutase resulting in a higher islet content of glucose-1,6 bisphosphate, an activator of phosphofructokinase. Likewise, more aldohexose bisphosphate accumulates in the islets exposed to alpha-D-mannose than in those incubated with beta-D-mannose. The anomeric specificity of hexose metabolism in pancreatic islets supports the fuel hypothesis for insulin release. PMID- 6223356 TI - [High frequency components in the electrocardiogram]. PMID- 6223358 TI - [Dental care for handicapped]. PMID- 6223357 TI - [A case of pulmonary thromboembolism after open mitral commissurotomy for mitral stenosis]. PMID- 6223359 TI - [Bullous toxiderma]. PMID- 6223360 TI - Interventional radiology. Therapeutic procedures in diagnostic radiology. PMID- 6223361 TI - An apparent lack of HLA restriction in the stimulation of granulocyte-macrophage colony formation from normal human null cells by helper T lymphocytes. AB - Haemopoietic progenitor cells capable of producing granulocyte-macrophage (GM) colonies have been demonstrated in the 'null' lymphocyte population of normal peripheral blood. The helper and suppressor roles of different T cell subpopulations have been implicated in the regulation of granulopoiesis in disease as well as in normal individuals. However, it is not certain whether such interactions between T cells and progenitor cells are HLA-restricted. We undertook further investigation of the effect of T cell subpopulations (TG and TnonG) on GM colony formation in vitro. In particular, we studied the possibility of HLA restriction in this process. Our results demonstrate that the enhancement of GM colony growth by T lymphocytes is not restricted by HLA compatibility between T cells and null cells, that such stimulation is radio-sensitive and that it is provided by the TnonG cell subpopulation. PMID- 6223362 TI - Selective effects of alpha interferon on human T-lymphocyte subsets during mixed lymphocyte cultures. AB - Mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) cultures of human lymphocyte subsets with or without the addition of physiological doses of human alpha interferon (IFN-alpha) were compared with respect to surface marker phenotypes and proliferative capacities of the responder cells. A selective depression on the T4 (inducer) T cell subset could be demonstrated as a sequence of events: decreased fluorescence intensity of the T4 inducer cells (day 2 of culture), decreased percentages of T4 cells as demonstrated by cell cytofluorometry (days 3-6 of culture), and decreased 3H-thymidine incorporation of purified T4 cells and decreased numbers of T4 cells harvested from IFN MLRs (days 5-6 of culture). In contrast, it was shown that the T8 (cytotoxic/suppressor) subset in MLRs was either not affected or slightly stimulated by the addition of IFN. The depression of the T4 cells by IFN was accompanied by a decrease in the number of activated T cells expressing Ia antigens. On the other hand, IFN MLRs contained greater numbers of cells expressing the T10 differentiation antigen. In experiments with purified T-cell subsets the IFN effect was exerted directly on the T4 cells and not mediated by either T8 suppressor cells or monocytes. These findings are discussed in relation to other immunoregulatory effects of IFN-alpha. PMID- 6223363 TI - Urinary flow studies in normal kindergarten--and schoolchildren. AB - The problems in the evaluation of children with suspected infravesical obstruction are shortly reviewed. Based upon literature studies it is concluded, that an isolated urinary flow measurement determining the Qmax is a suitable procedure of screening. Due to different shortcomings of earlier published normal materials, we investigated the spontaneous urination of 205 normal children aged 3 to 13 years in their normal environment. The mictiograph was installed in the toilet of two kindergartens and one school, enabling the children freely to void into the machine upon desire. From the flow curves the following parameters were calculated: Q1 sec, Qmax, Qmax time, and the micturition time, all of them being related to the square root of the voided volume. The data were non-parametrically statistically processed, and the limits of normal values (2 1/2% and 97 1/2% percentiles) are defined for different groups of age and sex. Furthermore, the different flow curve patterns are described, and it is found, that in 90% of the cases they are identical to the adult pattern. PMID- 6223364 TI - Sexuality of health care students. AB - In 283 students in various branches of the health profession commonly involved in physical medicine and rehabilitation, experiences of sexual life were investigated together with parameters of sexual function and of sexual performance-orientation. The findings were related to attitudes towards sexuality of disabled subjects. Results indicate that sexual performance-orientation, frustration and dysfunction are common features for the students. Sexual performance-orientation was associated with alienation towards the sexuality and the sexual counselling needs of the disabled. It is therefore recommended that the curriculae of these students should include sexual education and possibilities for sexual counselling. PMID- 6223365 TI - A prospective study of low back pain in a general population. I. Occurrence, recurrence and aetiology. AB - A general population of 928 men and women aged 30, 40, 50, and 60 years underwent a lower back examination as part of a general health survey. A 12 month follow-up questionnaire was completed by 99% of them. At the end of the follow-up year, the life time prevalence rates for low back pain (LBP) were 68-70% for men and rose with increasing age from 62% to 81% among women. The one year incidence of first attacks of LBP was 11% among the 30-year-olds and decreased in the older age groups. Recurrences of LBP in the follow-up year were more frequent among those who had more recently and frequently experienced LBP before. Among those who had experienced LBP on some occasion, 23-31% had such symptoms daily or at least once a week. Heavy lifting, twisting and trauma were the most commonly stated causes of LBP, which 52-60% of the participants claimed to be work-related. A gradual onset and exacerbation of the LBP were of some prognostic value in the follow-up year, while the alleged cause of previous LBP was not. PMID- 6223366 TI - A prospective study of low back pain in a general population. II. Location, character, aggravating and relieving factors. AB - In this paper the analyses focus primarily on statements from those 62% (281 men and 294 women) of the participants who at the primary examination reported previous or present low back pain (LBP). In a subsample the most frequent location of the LBP was in the lower lumbar area. Pain radiating to the leg(s) was felt at some time by 36% of the men and 51% of the women. Intense pain was more frequently reported by men, and a feeling of weakness or fatique more frequently by women. Most of the participants felt that the LBP became worse during the day. The most common aggravating factor was stooping, reported by 65% of the participants, followed by the sitting position, reported by 30%. Factors of highest importance for the relief of LBP were lying down (52-54%) and walking around (34-39%). A stated history of pain radiating to the leg(s) was the best indicator for occurrence of LBP in the follow-up year. PMID- 6223367 TI - A prospective study of low back pain in a general population. III. Medical service--work consequence. AB - Of participants with low back pain (LBP) at some time, about 60% said the pain had led them to consult their general practitioner, about 25% a specialist, and about 15% a chiropractor. About 30% had had an X-ray taken of their lumbar spine. Physiotherapy was the most common treatment given for the LBP. Manipulative therapy was the treatment which most often seemed to satisfy those with LBP although these cases might have been the milder acute attacks of LBP. Of the LBP complainers, 4.5% had been admitted to hospital and 1% operated on because of LBP. Work absence because of LBP occurred by 22.5% of the participants who were gainfully employed at some time. An additional 10% found it necessary to take special care on the job. Change of job or work function because of LBP was accomplished by 6.3%. Among those gainfully employed at the time of the examination, 6.7% had taken days-off within the past year because of LBP, an absence rate which corresponded to about two days per year per person. Previous, particularly recent use of medical services turned out to be a prognostic indicator for LBP in the follow-up year, while none of the work related parameters seemed to be good predictors, which may be because of the uncertainties related to these parameters. PMID- 6223369 TI - Physical disability and public policy. PMID- 6223370 TI - The diagnostic value of the repolarization pattern in the electrocardiographic lead V6. AB - T wave inversion confined to the lateral leads presents one of the commonest dilemmas in the field of electrocardiogram (ECG) reporting. The differentiation between lateral ischaemia and left ventricular hypertrophy is generally based on the presence or absence of the accepted voltage criterion of hypertrophy, even though this is admitted to have a relatively low degree of sensitivity. In this study the repolarisation pattern in V6 has been analysed in a consecutive series of 100 patients showing T inversion of at least 1 mm in this lead, and correlated with the diagnosis. Patients on digoxin or similar drugs were excluded. Thirty four patients were diagnosed as having hypertension or aortic valve disease or a combination of the two conditions: 31 as pure ischaemic heart disease; 24 as a combination of ischaemic and hypertensive or aortic valvular disease and 11 as having miscellaneous diseases. Two abnormalities of the T wave showed a significant association with aortic valve disease and hypertension; namely marked asymmetry and terminal positivity (overshoot). These features were sometimes seen in these diseases when the commonly acceptable voltage criterion of left ventricular hypertrophy was lacking. PMID- 6223371 TI - Effects of serotonin on memory impairments produced by ethanol. AB - Subjects treated with low or high doses of ethanol demonstrated impaired memory, particularly in tests involving the recall of poorly learned information. Zimelidine, an inhibitor of serotonin reuptake, reversed this ethanol-induced impairment. The serotonin neurotransmitter system may mediate learning and memory in humans and may determine some of the effects of alcohol on higher mental functions. PMID- 6223372 TI - Left upper quadrant increased uptake in bone imaging. PMID- 6223373 TI - Intraarterial hepatic infusion chemotherapy in metastatic liver cancer. PMID- 6223374 TI - Comparison of systemic chemotherapy with hepatic arterial infusion in metastatic colorectal carcinoma. PMID- 6223375 TI - Case report 230: camptomelic syndrome. PMID- 6223376 TI - [Trisomy 21]. PMID- 6223377 TI - [Case report of trisomy 21]. PMID- 6223378 TI - Piperacillin therapy for Pseudomonas infections. AB - Piperacillin, a new broad spectrum semisynthetic penicillin derivative, was administered to 22 patients with 25 Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections. All initially responded favorably, although five complicated urinary tract infections and two infections involving prostheses relapsed. In 15 cases, microbiologic eradication of the Pseudomonas was achieved. Failure to achieve a clinical cure was correlated in all cases with the inability to eradicate the organism, which was the result of development of in vitro resistance to piperacillin during therapy (four cases) and of underlying disease impairing host responses. Adverse reactions to piperacillin included leukopenia (eight cases) and nephrotoxicity (two cases). PMID- 6223379 TI - Demonstration of portosystemic shunts by radionuclide venogram. AB - In two patients with inferior vena caval obstruction, radionuclide venography using 99mTc-macroaggregated albumin demonstrated diffuse radioactivity in the liver, indicating portosystemic shunts. Follow-up venography after anticoagulation therapy showed disappearance of the hepatic activity in one patient. PMID- 6223380 TI - [Hemosorption in the treatment of immune complex diseases]. PMID- 6223381 TI - A quantitative study of trunk muscle strength and fatigability in the low-back pain syndrome. AB - A quantitative study of the trunk muscle strength and fatigability was performed using an isokinetic dynamometer to determine the role of trunk muscles in the low back-pain syndrome and in particular to investigate the correlation of trunk muscle strength and lumbar lordosis. Most patients demonstrated a generalized weakness of the trunk muscles. The trunk muscle strength of patients suffering from backache for less than one month was significantly lower than that of the controls. The strength of the trunk muscles was not influenced by the duration of symptoms. There was no imbalance between the trunk flexors and extensors. The patients with back pain had a greater fatigability of the trunk flexors than the controls. There was negative correlation between the trunk muscle strength or fatigue and lumbar lordosis. PMID- 6223382 TI - Low-back impairment rating practices of orthopaedic surgeons. AB - Physicians' impairment ratings are an integral part of disability determinations. There are major difficulties in rating impairments manifested principally by pain (such as low-back pain), primarily owing to the relative absence of objective findings. Since there are no universally accepted criteria for rating low-back impairment, the authors have attempted to establish a notion of the impairment rating practices of orthopaedists through a survey. It is clear that many criteria apart from the physical examination are considered in rating low-back impairment, in spite of the fact that in most compensation or legal systems such ratings are supposed to consider only objective physical findings. Ratings are ordinarily not given until an average of 8.9 months after an injury and 9.7 months after surgery. Many orthopaedists probably give ratings in the absence of objective physical findings. Rating practices vary widely from physician to physician. PMID- 6223383 TI - Muscular function in chronic low-back dysfunction. AB - The purpose of this study was to use electromyography to determine the level and pattern of muscle activity of the rectus abdominus and T10, L1, and L3 erector spinae muscle in healthy subjects and patients with chronic low-back dysfunction during various postures and activities. Statistically significant differences in erector spinae activities were found between groups for the Valsalva maneuver and for portions of the sit-up exercise. Comparisons between the 4.5-kg and 16-kg lifts completed with bent and straight knees showed few differences during actual lifts, but the patients with chronic dysfunction maintained an increased level of activity when lifts had been completed. PMID- 6223384 TI - [A selective loss of T4 cells responding to autologous non-T cells in some patients with Behcet's disease]. PMID- 6223385 TI - [Kidneys in rheumatic diseases]. PMID- 6223386 TI - SSI: characteristics of persons receiving federally administered State supplementation only. AB - This article summarizes the demographic and economic characteristics of the half million persons on the rolls of the Supplemental Security Income (SSI) program in January 1981 whose only payment was a federally administered State supplement. All of these persons were ineligible for a Federal SSI payment because their countable income from other sources exceeded $258 (the Federal benefit rate plus the $20 Federal income disregard). The data indicate that 62 percent of these persons resided in California; nearly 75 percent were aged 65 or older; 81 percent were white; and 65 percent were women. Almost all of these persons received a monthly Social Security benefit, which averaged $286. The average monthly State supplementary payment for the members of this group was $84. PMID- 6223387 TI - Workers' compensation: coverage, benefits, and costs, 1980. PMID- 6223388 TI - Unearned income of Supplemental Security Income recipients, May 1982. AB - About 3 out of 5 Supplemental Security Income recipients have some type of unearned income. The major source of this income is Social Security benefits. Other sources are veterans' pensions, pensions from employment, asset income, and support and maintenance in-kind. This article presents for the first time detailed estimates of the distributions of these income sources, based on a 1 percent sample of May 1982 recipients. In two-thirds of the cases, the Social Security benefits were between $100 and $260 a month. Unearned income from sources other than Social Security was usually smaller. Only 5 percent of the SSI population received less tha $100 in Social Security benefits. Differences in distributions for retired-worker and disabled-worker benefits, and for widow's and children's benefits are noted. PMID- 6223389 TI - SSI: trends in state supplementation, 1979-81. AB - In December 1979, the number of persons receiving State supplementary payments under the Supplemental Security Income Program for the Aged, Blind, and Disabled totaled 1,942,000. By December 1981, the number totaled 1,875,000--a decline of 67,000 or 3 percent. This decrease paralleled the reduction in the number of persons receiving Federal Supplemental Security Income payments, which dropped from 3,687,000 to 3,590,000 or 3 percent during the 3-year period. Changes also occurred in the distribution of persons by eligibility category. The number of persons eligible because of age declined 9 percent, from 823,000 to 745,000; persons eligible because of blindness increased 1 percent, from 41,000 to 42,000; and persons eligible because of disability increased 1 percent, from 1,076,000 to 1,086,000. In contrast to the trend in the State supplementation caseload, expenditures for State supplementary payments continued to increase as they have since the beginning of the Supplemental Security Income program. PMID- 6223390 TI - Low back pain. AB - Low back pain probably always will be a problem because of the anatomic arrangement of the lower spine and posture in standing and walking. However, during recent years, new attempts at diagnosis and treatment of this difficult problem have occurred, and it is now possible, in most cases, with a good history, physical examination, and diagnostic work-up to determine the cause of the problem. The injuries are still difficult to treat in many cases, but often with a thorough explanation to the patient about the underlying problem and mechanism of pain, and with use of the "back school" and conservative measures, most of the patients can continue on with daily activities. Formal surgery is playing less of a role in the treatment of back problems, with the development of various injections and percutaneous techniques. Still to be addressed, and where considerable effort and energy should be spent, is in the prevention of back problems with changes in daily habits and in increased awareness of ways to avoid back injuries. PMID- 6223392 TI - Mesangial IgA nephritis. AB - Current data suggest that mesangial IgA nephritis is mediated by the mesangial deposition of soluble antigen-IgA class antibody complexes from the circulation. It is likely that common infectious gut flora and dietary antigens contribute to the immune complex load. Defects in antigen exclusion at the mucosa, in the control of IgA production, and in immune complex clearance are postulated to account for each of the recognized clinical syndromes. As yet no effective treatment is available, and a detailed analysis of the mediation pathways will be required before prevention or therapy can be attempted. PMID- 6223391 TI - Glomerular antigens in glomerulonephritis. AB - Ideas on the immunopathogenesis of glomerulonephritis are evolving to embrace a concept of a dynamic and constantly fluctuating involvement of immune reactants in the production of glomerular inflammation. The glomerulus should be regarded as a template around which the antibody-induced inflammatory events that constitute glomerulonephritis are initiated. Such lesions may be produced by direct antibody attack on glomerular antigens of either intrinsic structural or "planted" type, as discussed in this review, or by the deposition of circulating soluble immune complexes containing extraglomerular antigens. These mechanisms are not mutually exclusive and both may play a role in some situations. Intrinsic glomerular antigens are being increasingly better defined as to site, structure, function, and experimental animal models of spontaneous and induced glomerular injury resulting from direct antibody binding to nonclassic GBM capillary wall antigens are available for study. Similar nonclassic GBM antigens are likely to be found of importance in man. Anti-GBM antibody-induced glomerulonephritis continues to be the best understood example of direct attack on the glomerulus by antibody, and its nephritogenic noncollagenous GBM antigenic constituents are being characterized. The incorporation of extraneous substances as "planted" antigens within glomerular structures is now recognized in experimental animal models, and there is suggestive evidence to support the concept in man. Emphasis needs to be placed on the continuing interplay of free antibody and antigen with deposited reactants which, together with complement components, modulate the quality and quantity of the glomerular immune deposits. PMID- 6223393 TI - Renal lesions in dysproteinemias. PMID- 6223395 TI - How are different ciliary beat patterns produced? AB - In this paper, the generation of different patterns of beat is discussed in terms of the internal mechanism of the cilia. A simple classification is proposed for the wide variety of patterns of planar beating. Ctenophore comb plates can show four types of movement: arrest, reverse beating, flagellar beating and forward beating. Other types of cilia show several or all of these beat patterns. Following stimulation of the organism these different beat patterns occur in a definite sequence which is the same in all cases. There is some evidence in each example that change in beating activity from the normal pattern towards the arrest or reversal response is associated with an increase in intraciliary Ca2+ concentration, and it is suggested that the sequence normal ciliary beat leads to symmetrical flagellar beat leads to reverse ciliary beat leads to active arrest represents the response of the axoneme mechanism to progressively increasing levels of intraciliary Ca2+ concentration, different patterns of beat resulting from different patterns of activation of the dynein arms within the axoneme. PMID- 6223396 TI - Mechanisms and controls of microtubule sliding in cilia. PMID- 6223394 TI - Immunologically mediated lesions of kidney tubules and interstitium in laboratory animals and in man. PMID- 6223397 TI - Dynein arm conformation and mechanochemical transduction in the eukaryotic flagellum. AB - When partially disrupted axonemes of Chlamydomonas were negatively stained in the presence of ATP, the dynein arms appeared club-shaped and were tilted proximally. In the absence of ATP, or in the presence of the non-hydrolysable ATP analogue, adenylyl imidodiphosphate, the arms on most doublets appeared to be made up of a thin diagonal component plus a larger component which resembled the arms seen in the presence of ATP but was more upright. Under these same conditions, the arms on some doublets appeared as distally directed ellipses. The two different images observed in the absence of ATP were interconvertible by tilting the doublets in a goniometer stage, indicating that they represented arms in the same conformational state viewed from two different angles. A three-dimensional model has been constructed which accounts for the appearance of the arms at the different angles. Tilting did not convert either of these images into those seen in the presence of ATP. Examination of mutants lacking the inner and outer arms indicated that all of the images were derived from the outer arm. In the absence of ATP, arms were frequently observed which were bound to a B tubule but had lost their attachment to the A tubule; such arms were not observed in the presence of ATP. These observations provide direct evidence for an ATP-dependent conformational change in the outer arm, and suggest a sequence of steps for the mechanochemical cycle of this arm. PMID- 6223398 TI - Models for oscillation and bend propagation by flagella. AB - A computer program for simulating the movement of model flagella containing a four-state cross-bridge cycle provides a powerful tool for examining hypotheses about the control mechanisms involved in producing particular patterns of propagated bending. As learned previously with simpler models, a simple control of cross-bridge activity by curvature is sufficient to generate spontaneous oscillation and bend propagation, but fails to reproduce many important features of the behaviour of real flagella. The process of bend initiation can be isolated by studying the movement of demembranated sea urchin sperm flagella broken to lengths of 3-4 microns, and by studying the movement of the distal end of a flagellum when most of the length of the flagellum becomes stuck to a surface. In order to simulate the movement seen in these situations, at least one major modification of the control of cross-bridge activity appears to be necessary. When a new bend is forming, the active sliding of cross-bridges causing the bend to form can be turned off when the curvature of the bend reaches a critical value, as in the earlier models. However, the active sliding of cross-bridges in the opposite direction, which will cause propagation of the bend, does not appear to be turned on at the same time. The mechanisms which trigger this delayed activation of cross-bridges almost simultaneously throughout the length of a newly formed bend have not yet been identified. They are presumably the same as those involved in activating sliding throughout most of the length of a flagellum at the beginning of its effective stroke. PMID- 6223399 TI - Biochemical properties of ciliary, flagellar and cytoplasmic dyneins. PMID- 6223400 TI - Genetic and biochemical analysis of the eukaryotic flagellum. PMID- 6223401 TI - The evolution of the sperm tail. AB - In this paper the evolution of the sperm tail is discussed. The primitive motile apparatus is assumed to be a conventional '9 + 2' axoneme which persists in all aquatic phyla having external fertilisation. Where internal fertilisation has evolved in association with terrestrial life, the sperm tail has a '9 + 9 + 2' pattern: it has acquired new accessory proteins and has become enormously elongated. A subsequent trend is towards diminished motility, owing perhaps to the excessive development of skeletal structures and sophisticated copulatory organs. This is marked by unusual axoneme patterns and a lack of dynein arms. Aflagellate spermatozoa seem to represent a high evolutionary level. Finally, it appears that in the sperm of some groups motility has been regained. However, the axoneme never reappears: motility is produced instead by the spermatid manchette or an actin system. PMID- 6223402 TI - Dose-response comparison of ipratropium bromide from a metered-dose inhaler and by jet nebulisation. AB - The dose-response relationships of the anticholinergic bronchodilator drug ipratropium bromide were studied. Cumulative doses totalling 288 micrograms ipratropium were given by inhalation of a liquid aerosol from a Wright nebuliser to each of 10 patients with stable, moderately severe airflow obstruction. Up to 80% of the maximum achievable bronchodilator response, as assessed by a rise in the patients' mean forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), was obtained with a cumulative total dose of 72 micrograms; with additional doses beyond 72 micrograms there was no significant further improvement. In the same patients the effects of administration of cumulative doses of ipratropium to a total of 72 micrograms from a Wright nebuliser were compared with those achieved with a metered-dose inhaler. Bronchodilatation was assessed by measurement of peak expiratory flow rate, FEV1, forced vital capacity, thoracic gas volume and specific airways conductance (sGaw). No significant difference was observed in the response at any dose level between the wet and the dry aerosols. By fitting a curve to the mean values of FEV1 and sGaw an estimate was made of the dose of ipratropium bromide required to produce 99% of the achievable bronchodilator response. For FEV1 this dose was 78 micrograms when ipratropium was inhaled as a nebulised solution from the Wright nebuliser and 82 micrograms when it was inhaled from the metered-dose inhaler; for sGaw the respective values were 54 and 58 micrograms. In these patients with stable airflow obstruction there was no therapeutic advantage in the use of ipratropium bromide as a wet aerosol. PMID- 6223403 TI - Platelets, coagulation and fibrinolysis in patients with diabetic retinopathy. AB - Twenty control subjects, 12 insulin treated and 10 non-insulin treated diabetics were studied. All diabetics had retinopathy documented by fluorescein angiography and fluorophotometry. Factor VIIIR:Ag and plasma fibrinogen concentrations were elevated in both diabetic groups, but more so in the insulin treated patients. Within this latter group the plasma fibrinogen was also correlated with the degree of retinopathy. Platelets separated on linear isosmolar Percoll gradients showed an increase in intraplatelet beta TG content and concentration and a slight increase in volume of the lightest platelets in the insulin treated diabetics. Plasma platelet factor 4 and antithrombin III concentrations were normal and plasma beta TG levels were elevated only in those patients with renal insufficiency. Platelet aggregometry was performed in 18 diabetic subjects and found to be normal. It is concluded that abnormalities of coagulation and platelets in diabetes are determined by metabolic factors rather than the severity of microvascular disease per se. PMID- 6223404 TI - Interaction of heparin with lipoproteins - role of the complex in the inactivation of thrombin and plasmin. AB - Heparin forms a complex with human low density lipoprotein (LDL) in the presence of Ca2+. The complex is dissociable by 0.5 M NaCl. Thrombin and plasmin causes the dissociation of the LDL-heparin complex, whereas factor Xa does not. Heparin, complexed with LDL, retains its enhancing effect on the rate of thrombin and plasmin inactivation by antithrombin III. LDL isolated from the plasma of persons with different pathological conditions did not alter the rate of thrombin inactivation by antithrombin III either in the absence or in the presence of heparin. Heparin seems to maintain its biological functions when it is in a complex with LDL. PMID- 6223405 TI - Platelet behavior in classic migraine: responsiveness to small doses of aspirin. PMID- 6223406 TI - Effects of crosslinking on the rigidity and proteolytic susceptibility of human fibrin clots. AB - Clots formed in reconstituted human plasma or from purified human fibrin were studied in order to assess the effects of subunit crosslinking on clot strength and on resistance to plasmin degradation. The relative amounts of alpha chain and gamma chain ligation were varied by adding factor XIII to the samples. We observe, as have others, that appreciable gamma-gamma crosslinking always precedes detectable formation of alpha dimer or alpha polymer. Non-invasive light scattering measurements of the shear modulus G(t) indicate that ligation of gamma chains and of alpha chains have qualitatively similar effects on clot strength. Since alpha crosslinking occurs very slowly in the clots which are formed from plasma, we infer that under physiological conditions the involvement of alpha chains in the development of clot strength probably is only a secondary function. Light scattering techniques also were used to study the size of particles shed from the surfaces of fibrin clots undergoing fibrinolysis, and no differences could be discerned as resulting from ligation of alpha chains. PMID- 6223407 TI - [Hysterosalpingography in the study of infertility]. PMID- 6223408 TI - [Clinical trial of labetalol (Tranedate) in general practice]. PMID- 6223409 TI - The canine major histocompatibility complex. Population study of DLA-D alleles using a panel of homozygous typing cells. AB - The frequencies of 12 DLA-D alleles in a random canine population were determined in one-way mixed lymphocyte cultures using a panel of homozygous typing cells established in this laboratory. The homozygous typing cells served as stimulators for responder lymphocytes obtained from 160 random dogs. The results of these studies were compared to those with lymphocytes from 75 dogs in our research laboratory. DLA-D allelic frequencies were estimated by maximum likelihood techniques. The use of a relative response (RR) less than or equal to 5% as a definition of a typing response resulted in the recognition of a total allele frequency of 59% in dogs from the research laboratory. Three of the 12 DLA-D alleles were not detected. Typing responses of cells from random dogs to the 12 DLA-D alleles were determined using RRs less than or equal to 5%, less than or equal to 10%, less than or equal to 15%, and less than or equal to 20%. With RRs of less than or equal to 5%, less than or equal to 10%, and less than or equal to 15%, the total allele frequencies recognized were 39%, 47%, and 55%, respectively. Within each of these % RR ranges all but one of the DLA-D alleles were detected. With an RR less than or equal to 20% the total allele frequency recognized was 58% and all 12 alleles were detected. Our results indicate that an RR of less than or equal to 10% could be used to define a phenotypic DLA-D typing response in the dog. The level of allelic frequencies detected in both the research and random canine populations indicates the need to identify additional DLA-D alleles through expanded family studies using mixed lymphocyte culture and homozygous cell typing. PMID- 6223410 TI - Identity of PL3A and SB1. PMID- 6223411 TI - Natural and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity of polymorphonuclear leukocytes. AB - Cytotoxic activity of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) in the peripheral blood of patients with various diseases was demonstrated to K562 cells (natural cytotoxicity, NC) and the antibody-coated P815 cells (antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, ADCC), using a 51Cr-release method. The NC values of normal PMN were lower than those of normal lymphocytes with mean values of 5.0% and 30%, respectively. The NC values of patients' PMN were also lower in malignancy, chronic hepatitis and connective tissue diseases. The ADCC values of normal PMN were moderately high with a mean value of 16.0%, which was almost a half of normal lymphocytes. Higher ADCC values of PMN were found in patients with chronic hepatitis, SLE and Behcet's disease, and in these cases the ADCC values of their lymphocytes were extremely low. The supernatants of PMN mix-cultured with unlabeled K562 or the antibody-coated P815 cells were fairly cytotoxic to both cells, though the similar supernatants of lymphocytes were cytotoxic only to K562 cells, but not to the antibody-coated P815 cells. PMID- 6223412 TI - Suppressor, helper and immunoregulatory T cells in normal human blood as defined by theophylline sensitivity. AB - Two functionally distinct subpopulations of human T cells, one T suppressor and the other T-helper lymphocytes, were separated from normal donor human peripheral blood and tested for immunoregulatory properties. The separation of these two populations was performed by the aid of theophylline sensitivity as described by Shore et al. [1]. In order to assess the activity of the suppressor and helper T lymphocytes, a local xenogeneic graft-versus-host reaction (GVHR) according to the method of Shohat et al. [13] was used. These studied demonstrated that the theophylline sensitive (TS) T-suppressor cells have a suppressor effect on normal human T cells. They were further found to consist of two cell subsets, one suppressive and radiosensitive and the other radioresistant and having the ability to induce feedback help, a finding which may explain the inverse relationship found between the quantity of TS cells added and the degree of suppression obtained in the GVHR as well as the enhancement of the GVHR obtained after addition of irradiated TS cells to autologous T cells. The theophylline resistant (TR) T cells were found to have a helper action when added to autologous T cells and were radioresistant. Soluble cell-free factors from both TS and TR cells were found to mimic the function of the cells from which they were extracted. PMID- 6223413 TI - Acne: the disease and stress. PMID- 6223414 TI - Drug sensitivity of pleomorphic Trypanosoma rhodesiense. PMID- 6223415 TI - Cell-mediated cytotoxicity toward the donor in patients with well-functioning kidney grafts. Possible mechanism of specifically reduced cytotoxic response. AB - Patients with well-functioning kidney allografts from one-HLA-haplotype- mismatched related donors have strongly reduced donor-specific cell-mediated cytotoxicity 2-10 years after having received their grafts. This could also be demonstrated in secondary in vitro cell-mediated lympholysis (CML). Even though secondary donor-specific CML did not exceed 10% at an effector-to-target cell ratio of 50:1, specific lysis of donor target cells increased significantly with increasing effector cell concentrations. The weak cytotoxicity toward the donor could be enhanced neither through pool-cell stimulation nor by adding exogenous Interleukin 2 (IL-2) during the induction phase. Furthermore, growth factors were produced in the cultures during the induction of cytotoxic cells in concentrations comparable to those of the sibling control. Thus no evidence could be obtained that lack of IL-2 was causing the decreased cytotoxicity in these patients. Our studies indicate that in vivo depletion of cytotoxic cells with high lytic efficiency is probably the reason for the strongly reduced donor specific cytotoxicity. PMID- 6223416 TI - Bone marrow transplantation for severe aplastic anemia using a phenotypically HLA identical, SB-compatible unrelated donor. AB - A three-year-old boy with severe aplastic anemia (HLA-A1,B8(Bw6), Cw7,DR3, MB2, MT2, SB4/A1,B8 (Bw6), Cw7,DR3,MB2,MT2,SB-) received a bone marrow transplant from a phenotypically HLA-identical, SB-compatible female unrelated donor. This donor was selected from eighteen HLA-A1,-B8,-blood donors after extended serotyping, mixed leukocyte culture testing and secondary proliferation assays with primed lymphocyte typing reagents specific for SB. Although patient cells proliferated well as responders in MLR, their stimulatory capability was greatly impaired. Because the patient had inherited the same serological HLA-D haplotype from each parent, it was concluded that a compatible unrelated donor must be homozygous for the same HLA-D antigens as the patient. This HLA-D homozygosity was demonstrated by the lack of MLR responses of both parents to stimulators from the donor. The SB typing results suggested SB compatibility because both the patient and the donor typed as SB4,-. Following bone marrow transplantation, there was rapid hematopoietic engraftment. The patient developed severe diarrhea caused by graft versus-host disease of the gastrointestinal tract, which necessitated hyperalimentation. He is currently eighteen months posttransplant with full hematopoietic reconstitution and moderate chronic skin graft-versus-host disease. PMID- 6223417 TI - Immunomodulating influence of active metabolite of cyclophosphamide on human lymphocyte immunoglobulin biosynthesis in vitro. AB - 4-hydroxycyclophosphamide (4HCy) inhibits T cell-dependent and direct B cell humoral responses of human lymphocytes in vitro, but causes a potentiation of the former in the lowest drug concentrations. Lymph node humoral responses are strongly sensitive, but those of spleen are relatively resistant to the drug. Although the induction of suppressor T cells is Cy-resistant, the expression of their function is sensitive. The suppressor cell function of antibody production appears to be more sensitive than the helper function. PMID- 6223418 TI - Further characterization of macrophage adsorption of suppressor cell activity from tumor-allosensitized spleen. AB - Suppressor cell activity from P815-allosensitized C57BL/6 spleen can be decreased by incubating the tumor-allosensitized spleen cells on monolayers of thioglycollate-stimulated BDF1 peritoneal macrophages for 2 or 4 hr. The adsorption response appears to be specific for macrophages, because adsorption of suppressor cell activity does not occur following incubation of P815 allosensitized spleen cells on confluent monolayers of mouse spleen cells or mouse embryonic fibroblasts. Pretreatment of macrophage monolayers with X irradiation (2,000 rads) or anti-Thy 1.2 serum (and complement) does not affect their ability to bind suppressor cell activity. Adsorption of suppressor cell activity from P815-allosensitized spleen can also be carried out by proteose peptone-stimulated or Corynebacterium parvum-stimulated macrophages. Blockage of macrophage Fc receptors decreases the ability of thioglycollate-stimulated macrophages to adsorb suppressor cell activity. Monolayers of P815 or P388 cells, two cell types positive for Fc receptors, are unable to adsorb suppressor cell activity from the tumor-allosensitized spleen. The significance of our findings is discussed in terms of the relationship between macrophages and suppressor cells in the immune response to normal or tumor allografts. PMID- 6223420 TI - Bone marrow transplantation following total lymphoid irradiation. I. Correlation with field size and suppressor cell induction. AB - Total lymphoid irradiation (TLI) induces a unique state of immunosuppression. Although permanent bone marrow chimerism has been obtained in rodents prepared by TLI, uniform marrow engraftment has been more difficult to obtain in larger mammals. Accordingly, studies were performed to assess the immunologic perturbations induced by TLI in inbred LEW rats, and to explore the effect of altering field size of irradiation on the induction of suppressor cells and the success of allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. Additional abdominal shielding to protect a single kidney (right) from irradiation during TLI presented successful of bone marrow engraftment (WF leads to LEW, N = 5) but chimerism was uniformly obtained (N = 3) using the full irradiation field (P less than .05) Lymphopenia and a relative monocytosis were noted in all rats subjected to TLI. Although TLI using the full irradiation field eliminated alloreactivity of nylon wool-purified spleen cells, significant, if reduced, alloreactivity was noted in rats subjected to TLI using smaller irradiation fields. Irradiated (1500 rads) nylon-wool-purified splenic T cells of rats subjected to TLI using the full field effected significantly greater suppression (P less than .001) of a normal mixed lymphocyte culture than did cells from rats subjected to TLI with right kidney shields in place (relative response reduced to 15.2 +/- 5.7% versus 64.3 +/- 11.7%). Success of bone marrow engraftment in rats prepared by TLI was correlated, therefore, with the induction of a profound lymphopenia, elimination of alloreactivity, and the development of a potent splenic suppressor system. PMID- 6223419 TI - The correlation among positive B cell crossmatch, MLC blockade, and graft survival in kidney transplant recipients. PMID- 6223421 TI - The influence on pretransplant blood transfusions from random donors on immune parameters affecting cadaveric allograft survival. AB - The number of pretransplant blood transfusions (BT) from random donors influences the recipient's immune response status and suppressor cell number and function, as well as allograft survival. The 54% one-year survival rate for 104 cadaveric renal allograft recipients treated with azathioprine and prednisone was divisible into two groups: 74.5% in 51 patients receiving greater than 5 BT and 34% for 53 patients with less than 5 BT (P less than 0.02). Transfusions enhanced the benefit of HLA A, B, and DR compatibility on graft survival: 33 recipients of well-matched grafts (less than 2 A, B, and 0-1 DR mismatches) had a one-year survival rate of 94% when pretreated with greater than 5 BT, compared with 38% when receiving less than 5 BT (P less than 0.05). The graft survival of 73% (36/49) displayed by patients determined preoperatively to be weak immune responders was significantly better than the 36% survival (20/55) demonstrated by strong immune responders (P less than 0.01). The transfusion history correlated with immune responder status: 76% (39/51) of patients receiving greater than 5 BT were weak immune responders, whereas 81% (43/53) of patients receiving less than 5 BT were strong immune responders (P less than 0.001). Ninety-two percent (12/13) of patients with greater than 5 BT, but only 58% (10/17) of patients with less than 5 BT, had a normal number of OKT8+ T suppressor cells. Only 1 X 10(5) mononuclear cells from patients with greater than 5 BT rather than 4 X 10(5) cells from patients with less than 5 BT caused 50% suppression of a third-party MLC. Thus, patients receiving greater than 5 BT are more likely to display weak immune responses, normal numbers of OKT8 cells, strong suppressor function in vitro, and prolonged allograft survival. PMID- 6223422 TI - Alloimmunization-activated suppressor cells. I: Abrogation of lethal graft-versus host reaction directed against non-H-2 antigens. AB - Incompatibility for DBA/2 (D2) minor histocompatibility antigens (MiHA) alone leads to a severe lethal graft-versus-host reaction (GVHR) in adult (D2 X B10.D2)F1 recipients of B10.D2 bone marrow and spleen cells. In this genetic combination, mortality is completely abrogated by preimmunization of the graft donor against unrelated H-2b antigens and specific D2 MiHA a short time before grafting. Protection against GVHR mortality is elicited by immunizing the donors with a single transfusion of incompatible spleen cells or whole blood. Abrogation of GVHR mortality is due mainly to the immunization with specific MiHA, and only to a much lesser degree to the immunization with unrelated H-2 antigens; the protective effect induced by association of these two types of immunization, however, is significantly better than that elicited by either type of immunization alone. It is unlikely that this abrogation of GVHR mortality results from "dilution" of specifically reactive cells; rather, suppressor cells appear to be a contributing factor, because the preimmunization activates, in the donor spleen, suppressor cells capable of decreasing the severity of the GVHR developed against MiHA by normal cells. Histopathologic observations indicated that the lesions induced in various tissues after grafting of preimmunized donor cells were considerably less severe than those induced by grafting of normal donor cells. However, simultaneous immunization with specific MiHA and unrelated H-2 antigens may also exacerbate the GVHR, depending upon the conditions used for preimmunization; abrogation of GVHR mortality is favored by a single immunization with unrelated H-2b antigens and specific MiHA administered simultaneously a short time before grafting, whereas an acceleration of GVHR mortality is favored by long intervals and multiple immunizations. It is suggested that, depending upon the conditions used for the preimmunization, the allogeneic effect produced by stimulation with unrelated H-2 antigens may augment the response to MiHA or it may enhance the activation of suppressor cells that contribute to the abrogation of GVHR mortality. PMID- 6223423 TI - Neoplasia in adoptively immunosuppressed rats. A possible model for tumorigenesis in transplant recipients. AB - An extremely high incidence of malignant tumors was observed in groups of rats that had previously been exposed to whole body irradiation, grafted with allogeneic tissue, and injected with lymphocytes capable of specifically suppressing the rejection of the grafted tissue. Neoplasia in these adoptively immunosuppressed rats had features in common with that in therapeutically immunosuppressed transplant recipients. Increased tumor incidence could not be accounted for on the basis of the effects of whole body irradiation or failure of immune surveillance, nor could it be a direct effect of lymphoid tissue stimulation. It is suggested that cell mediated suppressor responses play a critical role in tumorigenesis. The mechanism of this is not simply direct stimulation of lymphoid tissue proliferation. PMID- 6223424 TI - Effects of cyclosporine on the immune system of the mouse. II. Cyclosporine inhibits the effector function of primary T helper cells, but not helper cell priming. AB - This paper describes various effects of cyclosporine on T helper (TH) cells for antibody production in the mouse. Immunosuppressive doses of cyclosporine abolish the help provided by virgin (primary) TH cells, but allow the priming of normal (and under certain conditions supranormal) numbers of TH cells as assayed by adoptive transfer experiments. The helper function of primed (secondary) TH cells is normally resistant to cyclosporine. However, if T cells are exposed to cyclosporine during priming their helper function remains totally cyclosporine sensitive as long as the drug therapy is continued. The mechanisms involved in these selective effects are unknown, but the results indicate that in vivo cyclosporine can dissociate effector function (primary help) from TH cell proliferation (priming). PMID- 6223425 TI - Laparoscopy. PMID- 6223426 TI - [Comparative evaluation of fibrinogen and fibrin hydrolysis with plasmin]. AB - A high-sensitive method is developed for determining the degree of plasmin catalyzed fibrinogen hydrolysis by the released amino groups stained with trinitrobenzene sulphoacid. The method permits determining 0.02-0.08 casein units of plasmin. The method made it possible to establish that after streptokinase activation plasmin hydrolyzes equally fibrinogen and fibrin in solution and as gel. When a tissue activator is used, fibrin intensifies significantly the plasminogen activation. Inhibition of plasmin by an inhibitor produced from soya is considerably slowed down in fibrin gel. PMID- 6223427 TI - [Immobilization of the human plasmin light chain and analysis of its complexes with streptokinase]. AB - The heavy and light chains of human plasmin were separated by affinity 1-lysin cellulose column chromatography. The S-carboxymethyl light chain derivative of human plasmin was imobilized by aminogroups by the insoluble matrices. Insoluble derivatives cf plasmin light chain retain an insignificant proteolytic activity, human plasminogen activator activity and capacity to form complexes with streptokinase. The activator activity of the immobilized light chain streptokinase complex increases 5-10-fold with respect to the human plasminogen. When adding the light chain preparation to immobilized streptokinase its activator activity relative to the human plasminogen is twice as high. The both complexes: immobilized light chain-streptokinase and light chain-immobilized streptokinase are stable and may be reused for plasminogen activation. PMID- 6223428 TI - [Clinico-experimental study of the possibility of the use of immobilized enzymes for local thrombolysis and thromboformation]. AB - Fibrinolysin immobilized by a solid polysaccharide carrier capable of controllable biodegradation is shown to exert a local effective thrombolyzing action. Certain results of clinical studies of immobilized streptase (streptodecase) are presented. They show essential advantages of the new preparation over the known native enzymes. Experiments with animals show that the immobilized thrombin may be applied in therapeutic embolization for the hemorrhage cessation. PMID- 6223429 TI - [Erythema nodosum following trimethoprim treatment]. PMID- 6223430 TI - Randomized prospective study of the comparative efficacy of spectinomycin and gentamicin in urinary tract infections. AB - A prospective, randomized study was undertaken in 32 hospitalized patients with urinary tract infections to compare the efficacy of spectinomycin versus gentamicin. Spectinomycin was found to be of equal efficacy if not more efficacious in eradicating Escherichia coli, Klebsiella and Proteus mirabilis in our patient population. No significant side-effects were noted. A review of the literature with emphasis on the use of spectinomycin in infections other than anogenital gonorrhea is made. PMID- 6223431 TI - [Methodology and technic of endovascular therapy]. AB - Embolization of the aorta branches, thrombembolectomy with a balloon catheter of a small diameter, arterial infusion with a radiopaque catheter are considered to be effective and atraumatic methods for the treatment of a number of diseases. PMID- 6223432 TI - [Correction of postoperative combined defects of the facial median zone with Filatov's flap]. AB - The author describes a technique of the substitution by the Filatov's graft of postoperative associated defects of the face median zone in 3 patients. Satisfactory results of the operation create prerequisites for a greater volume of the operation on patients with spreaded forms of malignant tumors in the maxillofacial area. PMID- 6223433 TI - Sexing birds. PMID- 6223435 TI - [Treatment of arterial stenoses using Gruntzig's technic of noninvasive percutaneous transluminal angioplasty]. PMID- 6223434 TI - Bovine immunoglobulins: an augmented review. PMID- 6223436 TI - [Endoprosthesis of the knee joint ligaments with Dacron bands]. PMID- 6223437 TI - [60th anniversary of the Lenin Cardiological Clinic in Kislovodsk]. PMID- 6223438 TI - [Differentiated sanatorium and climate treatment of chronic bronchitis patients with clinical manifestations of allergy]. PMID- 6223439 TI - [Changes in systemic and renal hemodynamics in hypertension patients as affected by acupuncture at a climatic health resort]. PMID- 6223440 TI - [Age-related characteristics of vascular system function in bronchial asthma patients being treated in an alpine climate]. PMID- 6223441 TI - [Radon therapy of children with scleroderma]. PMID- 6223442 TI - [Effectiveness of promoting the health of workers in the heavy machinery industry having neurological manifestations of lumbar osteochondrosis with treatment at sanatoria and preventoria]. PMID- 6223443 TI - [Quantitative criteria of the effectiveness of the sanatorium and health resort treatment of children with bronchial asthma]. PMID- 6223444 TI - [Disability indices based on data of the Alma-Ata City Oncological Commission of Medical Disability Expertise (1975-1979)]. AB - The report deals with the data on cancer morbidity in the city of Alma-Ata in 1975-1979. The data on both primary disability in cancer patients and their rehabilitation are presented. PMID- 6223445 TI - [Mechanism of fibrinolysis (review of the literature)]. PMID- 6223446 TI - [Current data on chronic hepatitis (a review of the literature)]. PMID- 6223447 TI - [Comparison of the electrocardiographic and hemodynamic changes in hypertension patients]. PMID- 6223448 TI - [Electrosleep in the combined sanatorium and health resort treatment of cerebral arteriosclerosis patients]. PMID- 6223449 TI - The toxicology of PCB's--an overview for clinicians. AB - Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB's) have low acute toxicity but are of public health concern because of their persistence in the environment, the bioaccumulation in human and animal tissues, and their potential for chronic or delayed toxicity. Although many questions remain unanswered, it is clear that occupational exposure, at a minimum, can produce dermatologic effects and liver dysfunction. The long half-life of PCB's and their presence in various human tissues leaves open the possibility of substantial chronic and delayed effects analogous to those seen in animals. PCB's are potent inhibitors of reproductive function in both rodents and nonhuman primates and produce liver tumors in animal cancer bioassays. As potent inducers of hepatic enzyme systems, PCB's may have additional unpredictable long-term health effects. These effects have only recently begun to be studied in a rigorous manner, and although the epidemiological evidence is neither complete nor entirely consistent, there can be no question of the necessity to keep human exposures to the lowest feasible levels. PMID- 6223450 TI - [High-dose gestagen therapy in breast cancer]. AB - 38 patients with metastasizing breast cancer who were stratified according to prognostic criteria were treated with high-dose medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA). The response rate in our series was nearly 50 percent. The indication for high-dose gestagen therapy as well as anti-tumor activity and side effects are discussed by comparing our results with recent communications in the literature. PMID- 6223451 TI - Reply to Dr. Edwin B. McDaniel. Exaggerated claims of depo-provera safety. PMID- 6223452 TI - [Dental-surgical measures for patients with hemorrhagic diatheses]. PMID- 6223453 TI - [Effect of drugs on spermatogenetic function]. PMID- 6223454 TI - [Gottron's erythrokeratodermia congenitalis progressiva symmetrica with atypical involvement of nails in the sense of pachyonychia]. AB - Erythrokeratodermia congenitalis progressiva symmetrica Gottron (ECPSG) is a rare hereditary disorder characterized by plaques of hyperkeratosis on an erythematous basis. The onset of the disease occurs predominantly in early childhood. Morphological and histological findings give hint for the diagnosis. Ultrastructural findings as well as HLA type (A2, A9, B18) are reported. ECPSG connected with pachyonychia has been observed for the first time. PMID- 6223455 TI - [Oral 13-cis-retinoic acid therapy in adenoma sebaceum symmetricum and the most severe forms of acne and rosacea]. AB - Twenty-one patients with severe acne (acne papulopustulosa, acne conglobata, acne cystica), six patients with severe rosacea (rosacea paulopustulosa, rosacea conglobata, rhinophyma), and three patients with tuberous sclerosis were treated with 13-cis-retinoic acid for 6-48 weeks. Most patients had been previously treated with dermabrasion, antibiotics or metronidazole. Dependent on the severeness of the pathological symptoms 13-cis-retinoic acid was administered at a dose of 0.2 to 0.5 mg/kg body weight and was then reduced every 4 weeks. We confirm the sebostatic and antiinflammatory effect of the 13-cis-retinoic acid and long-lasting remissions. Side effects had not been serious. PMID- 6223457 TI - Gastrointestinal endoscopy. PMID- 6223456 TI - L-usnate-urease interactions: binding sites for polymerization. AB - L-usnic acid inactivates urease through a process which implicates the blockade of--SH groups in parallel to the formation of inactive polymers. Both L-alanine and L-proline partially reverses the inactivation and effectively diminishes the amount of highly polymerized protein. The amino acids also prevent the linkage of L-usnic acid on the sites of low affinity for the ligand, being then related to the sites of polymerization. PMID- 6223458 TI - [Granulocyte dysfunction in genetic diseases]. PMID- 6223459 TI - [Holoprosencephaly-arhinencephaly complex in chromosome abnormalities compared to other causes]. PMID- 6223460 TI - [Extrinsic plasminogen activator: molecular properties and potential value as a new thrombolytic agent]. PMID- 6223461 TI - [The role of histidine-rich glycoprotein in the regulation mechanism of fibrinolysis in humans]. PMID- 6223462 TI - [The role of a "mixing" factor in the development of Sonnei dysentery epidemics in children]. PMID- 6223463 TI - [Clinical manifestations and diagnosis of cheilitis]. PMID- 6223465 TI - [New possibilities in dental technology for the applications of hot air equipment]. PMID- 6223464 TI - [Role of obstetricians, gynecologists and urologists in the control of venereal diseases]. PMID- 6223466 TI - [Visio-Gem, K + B system. A ready-to-use combination of bis-acrylic materials for cold polymerization under vacuum]. PMID- 6223467 TI - [Personal insurance obligations in the offing]. PMID- 6223468 TI - [Factors in the dento-facial relation]. PMID- 6223469 TI - [Dental technology, from past to present]. PMID- 6223470 TI - [Bridgework without clasps - the acid etch technic]. PMID- 6223471 TI - [Diagnosis of the principle cause for sterility in a couple, based on laparoscopic examination]. AB - A complex laparoscopical approach is demonstrated, whereby clinical failure of spermiogenesis, cervical, ovarian and tubal factor of the female sterility can be detected at a single examination. Spermatozoa are aspirated from the abdominal cavity and peritubal regions following sexual intercourse or artificial "ab uxore" insemination (A. I. D.). If spermatozoa are found, the cervical factor can be excluded and the spermatozoal vitality assessed. The surgery is planned at the periovulatory period after priming a patient with clomiphene (Gravosan Spofa) and HCG (Praedyn Spofa). Follicular fluid is aspirated from large preovulatory follicles and search is done for oocytes whose maturational stage is correlated with plasma hormone levels. The examination is completed with chromoperturbation of oviducts. Out of 23 such laparoscopic examinations, the diagnosis was set down in 18 cases and 6 women became pregnant after treatment. PMID- 6223472 TI - Fatal infection of a West African Dwarf sheep with Mammomonogamus nasicola (S. Syngamus nasicola). PMID- 6223473 TI - [Tasks of the public health organs of Uzbekistan in preventing infectious morbidity in rural areas in light of the implementation of the USSR Food Program]. PMID- 6223474 TI - [Effect of a complex system of controlling influenza on a citywide scale on the etiological structure of acute respiratory diseases]. AB - Materials on the etiological structure of acute respiratory diseases (ARD) and the spread of respiratory virus infection among the population of the city under the conditions of mass vaccinal prophylaxis and chemoprophylaxis are presented. These materials indicate that the proportion of influenza A virus in the etiological structure of ARD decreased by half as the result of introducing the complex system of influenza control in the city. The proportion of other causative agents of ARD before and after introducing the complex system of influenza control irregularly varied among different age groups of the population without statistical significance. The indices characterizing the spread of influenza A virus infection among the population of the whole city were found to be significantly decreased during the second period of observation. PMID- 6223475 TI - Development and characteristics of a subline of Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells persistently resistant to 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine. AB - A subline of Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) cells resistant to 5-fluoro-2'-deoxy uridine (FdUrd) was developed by continuous exposure to progressively increasing concentrations of the drug (35-75 mg/kg per day) during 15 passages through mice. Since then, the EAC cells have been retransplanted more than 80 times through drug-untreated mice and continue to be resistant. After adaptation to growth in suspension culture the drug-adapted cells were 1000 times more resistant to FdUrd in comparison with parental ones, and remained near-tetraploid with doubling time longer than in parental line. The activity of thymidine kinase was deeply depressed (100-fold) whereas that of thymidylate synthetase several-fold increased in the resistant EAC cells, both grown in vivo and in vitro. PMID- 6223476 TI - Sarcoma arising from interdigitating cells. Cytology and cytochemistry. AB - The cytologic features of a highly malignant sarcomatous tumor in a 37-year-old male, arising from interdigitating cells and localized in the mediastinum, lymph nodes and skin, are described. Cytologically this sarcoma was characterized by large cells with ill-defined, faintly basophilic cytoplasm, monocytoid or multilobulated nuclei and a reticular chromatin structure; very prominent nucleoli were seen in some of the cells. Some of the tumor cells were spindle shaped. The ultrastructurally characteristic invaginations of the cell membrane were not obvious in the cytologic smear, although the nuclear membrane showed deep, narrow, channel-like indentations. The specific ultrastructural, immunologic and cytochemical characteristics of the interdigitating cells were recognized in the tumor cells. Adenosine triphosphatase was present in the tumor cells in large amounts, while acid phosphatase, acid alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase and other enzymes were absent. The described tumor must be considered another tumor of the mononuclear phagocyte system; the proposed name is "interdigitating-cell sarcoma." PMID- 6223477 TI - Changes in the vaginal cytology of the guinea pig induced by herpes simplex virus. AB - The vaginal cytology of guinea pigs with genital herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV 2) infection was examined during acute and latent infection. Cytologic changes similar to those observed in humans with HSV-2 genital infections were observed in the guinea pigs during acute infection. During latent infection, some animals continued to have abnormal cytology. The severity of the changes was reduced after treatment with phosphonoformic acid during acute infection. PMID- 6223478 TI - T cell prolymphocytic leukemia. 2 cases having a postthymic helper phenotype with complement receptors and 14q+ chromosome abnormality. AB - We describe 2 elderly patients with splenomegaly and progressive bone marrow failure due to infiltration by leukemic prolymphocytes with a single prominent nucleolus. In each case the leukemia cells had a unique helper T cell phenotype with complement receptors and contained coarse blocks of acid alpha-naphthyl butyrate. A 14q+ chromosome was among the abnormalities that marked one abnormal T cell clone. Histology of the spleen showed mainly red pulp infiltration merging with periarteriolar regions and different from the pseudonodular pattern described in many cases of B cell prolymphocytic leukemia (PLL). Ultrastructurally, leukemia cells contained dense lysosomes, perinuclear clusters of 10-nm microfilaments but no distinctive cytoplasmic inclusions previously described in (B cell) PLL. We suggest that early phenotyping of leukemia cells may enable consideration of monoclonal antibody therapy in elderly patients with bone marrow failure resistant to chemotherapy. PMID- 6223479 TI - Fc gamma receptors on lymphocytes from normal donors and patients with lymphoproliferative diseases. Influence of incubation conditions. AB - The antibody-coated human erythrocyte and the antibody-coated ox erythrocyte rosette assays (EAHu and EAOx) were compared to detect Fc gamma receptors on human peripheral blood lymphocytes. Two incubation conditions were examined: 1 h at room temperature and overnight at 4 degrees C. In healthy persons, in patients with Hodgkin's disease and in patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) the mean percentage of EAHu-rosette-forming cells (EAHu-RFC) increased significantly when the incubation was carried out overnight at 4 degrees C instead of 1 h at room temperature. This increase was caused by Fc gamma receptor-bearing T cells. In the case of EAOx-RFC only a slight increase was found. The percentage of EAHu-RFC and EAOx-RFC differed significantly in the healthy group after the overnight incubation and in the NHL group after the 1-hour incubation. When comparing the mean percentage of EA-RFC in the patient groups with that of the healthy persons significant increases were observed: EAHu-RFC in patients with Hodgkin's disease in the overnight incubation and EAOx-RFC in patients with Hodgkin's disease and NHL in both incubation conditions. In patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL, B-cell type) the mean percentage of EAHu-RFC was very low, however that of EAOx-RFC was moderate to high. It is concluded that in the two rosette assays the antigen-antibody complexes may have different avidities to different lymphocyte subpopulations, and that incubation conditions may have an influence on this avidity. PMID- 6223480 TI - [Cephalometry of Down's syndrome]. PMID- 6223481 TI - [Fine structure of intrafusal and extrafusal nerve segments of the rat muscle spindle after sciatic nerve transsection]. AB - Intrafusal and extrafusal nerve segments in muscle spindles from lumbricalis muscles of the hindpaw of the rat were studied by electron microscopy from 10 h to 5 days after severance of the sciatic nerve. In several spindles examined, nerve fascicles piercing the spindle capsule in the equatorial region contained a large myelinated, a smaller myelinated, and an unmyelinated fiber. Unmyelinated fibers were not present in small fascicles leading to the polar region. The changes in the extrafusal nerve segments followed the pattern of Wallerian degeneration. Intra-axonal glycogen deposits were prominent in sensory fibers. The unmyelinated fibers were the earliest to degenerate, the large myelinated ones the latest. Differences between motor and sensory fiber degeneration emerged in their preterminal intrafusal segments and were analogous to those of the nerve endings. Terminal nerve fibers in the spindle equator succumbed to attack of mesenchymal cells, leaving extensive basement membrane reduplications around myelin debris-laden Schwann cells, while polar fibers were engulfed by Schwann cell processes, leaving regular bands of Bungner. PMID- 6223483 TI - Laparoscopic sterilization with the Falope-ring. Peroperative and late complications, method safety and a randomized investigation of immediate postoperative abdominal pain. AB - Following 189 laparoscopic sterilizations with the Falope-ring, 33 cases of peroperative complications were registered. Laparotomy was required in one case. Sterilization undertaken in connection with termination of pregnancy was not associated with more peroperative complications than sterilization performed during an interval phase. In a randomized trial comprising 100 women it was not possible to demonstrate that application of lidocaine to the tube reduced the incidence of immediate postoperative abdominal pain which occurred in 18% of the women in the control group. A follow-up investigation of 91 women revealed change in bleeding pattern in 32% and low abdominal pain de novo in 40%. The frequencies of changes in bleeding pattern and of low abdominal pain were greater in women who had previously employed oral contraception than in women who had not done so. A questionnaire investigation comprising 169 women revealed that 38% had developed one or more of the following symptoms: hot flushes, tendency to depression and irritability, and tachycardia. Alterations in libido were found in 26%. 2% regretted the sterilization. One pregnancy occurred in 172 sterilized women after an average observation period of 13 months. PMID- 6223482 TI - Suppression of experimental allergic neuritis by Cyclosporin-A. AB - Experimental allergic neuritis (EAN) was induced in guinea pigs and rats and treated with Cyclosporin-A (Cy-A). When Cy-A was given prophylactically for 1 month from the time of induction of the disease, it prevented the development of EAN during the course of its administration. When Cy-A was given therapeutically after the onset of neurological signs, it effectively prevented further deterioration. This effect was more marked after 3 weeks' treatment than after only 1 week's treatment. In both regimens, when dosing with Cy-A ceased there was a latent period before clinical signs of EAN developed. This latent period is similar to that seen in the development of EAN in normal control animals and is probably due to the continued presence of antigen at the injection sites. After primary treatment of EAN with Cy-A, animals that relapsed did not respond to further treatment with Cy-A. Histological examination revealed that the nature of the EAN lesions in both groups of animals given Cy-A were not as severe as those seen in control animals. Despite these observations, there was no statistically significant difference between the maximum clinical grades reached by animals in any one group. These experiments suggest that T-cells are important in the development of EAN and that Cy-A interferes with this process by suppressing T helper cells. They also show that it is possible to influence favourably the course of immune mediated neurological disease. PMID- 6223484 TI - Femoral head vitality after intracapsular hip fracture. 490 cases studied by intravital tetracycline labeling and Tc-MDP radionuclide imaging. PMID- 6223485 TI - The use of frozen erythrocytes in macrophage studies. 2. Attachment and phagocytosis mediated by the two immunological receptors of the macrophages. AB - Sheep erythrocytes opsonized with IgG or C3b were frozen in various cryoprotective agents, thawed, and compared to corresponding unfrozen erythrocytes exposed to the cryoprotectants and to unfrozen erythrocytes not exposed to the cryoprotectants (controls) as test particles in macrophage attachment and phagocytosis assays. Fc-receptor-mediated attachment and phagocytosis were not influenced by the use of any cryoprotective agent tested or by freezing the erythrocytes. This was also the case with C3b-receptor-mediated attachment. Phagocytosis via this receptor was negligible in normal macrophages, but tended to be slightly more effective when the test particles had been treated with cryoprotective agents. In vitro stimulation of the macrophages with Escherichia coli endotoxin, however, triggered the capacity to internalize treated and untreated erythrocytes equally. PMID- 6223486 TI - Effects of hyperthermia on human natural killer cells. AB - Lymphocytes from healthy blood donors were exposed to temperatures between 37 degrees C and 42 degrees C for up to three hours and then tested for natural killer (NK) activity using K562 cells as targets in a 3-h 51Cr-release assay. For a given level of hyperthermia a semilogarithmic decrease in NK activity relative to the treatment period was seen. NK effectors exposed to 42 degrees C for one hour lost 90% of their cytotoxic capacity compared to effectors kept at 37 degrees C. The depression in NK activity could Not be repaired by overnight incubation at 37 degrees C or by interferon treatment. Heating also inhibited the induction of NK-like cells during mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC), while exposure of either responder or stimulator cells to hyperthermia did not affect the degree of MLC-proliferation. The heating only slightly decreased lymphocyte viability- as determined by trypan blue exclusion--whereas a marked and permanent reduction in the number of cells bearing Fc-receptors for IgG occurred. The content of E rosetting cells decreased initially, but was normalized after overnight incubation. The findings indicate that NK cells and T cells are differentially sensitive to in vitro hyperthermic treatment. PMID- 6223487 TI - Development and distribution of HLA-DR antigens and Fc gamma receptors in the human thymus. AB - HLA-DR antigens and receptors for the Fc part of IgG (Fc gamma R) were studied in cryostat sections of thymus tissue from 24 fetuses, infants and children, using indirect immunofluorescence and indirect immunoperoxidase technique. HLA-DR antigens, detected by a monoclonal antibody (OKIa 1), occurred on the thymic epithelial cells at 11 weeks of gestation, while Fc gamma R, detected by immune complexes and by human heat-aggregated IgG, were present at 10 weeks of gestation. The intensity of the staining for HLA-DR antigens was maximal at about 18 weeks of gestation, while the Fc gamma R activity was maximal at 10-11 weeks. HLA-DR antigens also occurred along the membrane of a few thymocytes, especially in the cortex, while Fc gamma R-activity occurred along the membrane of most of the immature thymocytes. Thymocytes in suspension were examined from children only. Such thymocytes were not stained by OKIa 1, and only 2-6% had detectable Fc gamma R. PMID- 6223488 TI - [Effects of anisodine alone and in combination with chlorpromazine on spontaneous acetylcholine release from the sensory-motor cortex of cats]. PMID- 6223489 TI - [Histochemical changes in central cholinesterases inhibited by soman]. PMID- 6223490 TI - [Effects of neonatal administration of monosodium glutamate on morphine-, acupuncture- and stress-analgesia in adult rats]. PMID- 6223491 TI - [Kinetics of the neuromuscular blocking effect of dimethyl l-curine dimethochloride]. PMID- 6223492 TI - Taurine content of cardiac tissue in spontaneously hypertensive rats. PMID- 6223493 TI - Phalloidine and the cardiovascular system: in vitro and in vivo studies. PMID- 6223494 TI - [Effects of divaside on cardiac contractility, excitability, automaticity, refractory period and surface electrogram on cat papillary muscles]. PMID- 6223495 TI - [Effect of total flavones of Sophora flavescens root on arrhythmia of cultured rat heart cells]. PMID- 6223496 TI - [Mutagenicity of a fluorocarbon blood substitute]. PMID- 6223497 TI - Morphological changes in the testes and epididymides of rats after gossypol. PMID- 6223498 TI - [Effect in vitro of metabolites of praziquantel on Schistosoma japonicum]. PMID- 6223499 TI - [Autoradiographic localization of a new hepatographic agent TABAC in liver cells]. PMID- 6223500 TI - [Effects of Polyporus umbellatus polysaccharides on liver carbohydrate metabolism and adrenocortical function of mice bearing hepatoma H22]. PMID- 6223501 TI - [Influence of oxalysine (I-677) on the incorporation of lysine and its subcellular distribution]. PMID- 6223502 TI - [Absorption, distribution and excretion of [3H]rubescensine A in mice]. PMID- 6223503 TI - Physiological disposition of iproniazid in mice. PMID- 6223504 TI - [Biotransformation of 9-(p-methylanilino) acridine in the rabbit]. PMID- 6223505 TI - [Effect of sodium nitrite on cyanide ion concentration in rabbit blood during cyanide poisoning]. PMID- 6223506 TI - [Synthesis, toxicity and antimalarial effects of bispyroquine]. PMID- 6223507 TI - Species differences in zearalenone-reducing activity in subcellular fractions of liver from female domestic animals. AB - The subcellular distribution of the zearalenone-reducing activity in liver from female pig, goat, sheep, cow and hen was investigated. The distribution patterns for the reduction of zearalenone to alpha- or beta-zearalenol differed between species and was also dependent upon coenzyme. Pig and goat had the greatest ability to form both alpha- and beta-zearalenol in the microsomal fraction independently of coenzyme. Cow and hen formed alpha-zearalenol almost entirely in the microsomal fraction and beta-zearalenol only in the cytosol fraction and only with NADPH as coenzyme. The sheep was distinct from the pig and goat in having the highest alpha-zearalenol forming activity in the cytosol fraction when NADPH was used as coenzyme. PMID- 6223508 TI - Demonstration of Fc and C3b receptors on rat perikarya. AB - Minced rat brain deprived of cerebellum was dissociated by trituration through stainless steel screen and nylon meshes, then by velocity sedimentation technique free-floating perikarya were separated from cell syncytia and cellular debris. The presence of Fc-receptor and C3b-receptor activities, as well as the absence of membrane-bound immunoglobulin and receptor for sheep blood cells were demonstrated on separated perikarya of the rat brain. PMID- 6223509 TI - Muscle fibre type distribution, muscle cross-sectional area and maximal voluntary strength in humans. AB - The relationship between maximum voluntary concentric strength, muscle fibre type distribution and muscle cross-sectional areas were examined in 23 subjects (7 female and 11 male phys. ed. students as well as 5 male bodybuilders). Maximal knee and elbow extension as well as elbow flexion torque at the angular velocities 30, 90 and 180 degrees per second was measured. Muscle biopsies were taken from vastus lateralis and m. triceps brachii. The muscle cross-sectional area of the thigh and upper arm was measured with computed tomography scanning. The maximal torque correlated strongly to the muscle cross-sectional area times an approximative measure on the lever arm (body height). Maximal tension developed per unit of muscle cross-sectional area did not correlate significantly with per cent type I fibre area and did not differ between the female and male students or bodybuilders. Neither did the relative decrease in torque with increasing contraction velocity show any significant relationship to the per cent type I fibre area. The total number of muscle fibres was estimated by dividing the muscle cross-sectional area with the mean fibre area of m. triceps brachii. The number of fibres did not seem to differ between the sexes. PMID- 6223510 TI - Morphology of the brachial biceps muscle and elbow flexion in man. AB - This study was undertaken to determine whether skeletal muscle fibre characteristics could be demonstrated to be of significance for muscle function in voluntary contraction in man. 4 male and 4 female adult subjects were studied. During elbow flexion force and velocity was measured at the hand with the forearm in a 100 degree position. A motor-driven heavy flywheel guaranteed a constant velocity or movement at the time of measurement. Force was registered by a straingauge dynamometer, and velocity by two sets of photocells. Cross-sectional area of the brachial biceps muscle was determined by computerized tomography scanning. Muscle fibre composition and fibre cross-sectional areas were assessed histochemically on needle biopsy samples obtained superficially from the brachial biceps muscle, the more superficial of the two large elbow flexor muscles. At contraction velocities from 2 to 7 radians per second (rad/s) a close relationship existed between the relative force output and the relative area of fast-twitch fibers (p less than 0.01). Maximal voluntary isometric contraction force averaged 189 N (120 to 309 N), and showed a close relationship with total cross-sectional area of the brachial biceps muscle. The specific tension (maximal isometric tension) of the muscle averaged 33 N/cm2 with no demonstrable difference between subjects of widely different fibre compositions, suggesting that maximal tetanic tension is similar in fast- and slow-twitch fibres in man. PMID- 6223511 TI - Scintimetric evaluation of posttraumatic and postoperative growth disturbance using 99Tcm MDP. AB - Scintimetry with 99Tcm MDP was performed in 32 growth regions in 8 children with localized growth disturbances after surgery or injury. The results were compared with the simultaneously performed growth rate analysis using roentgen stereophotogrammetry. A quantitative and qualitative analysis of the nuclide bone images of the anterior view was performed. Numeric ratios, obtained by comparing count rate levels of injured or operated growth region with the corresponding contralateral region, are presented and a satisfactory correlation with the roentgen stereophotogrammetric growth rate analysis was found. Nuclide bone imaging of growth regions at the knee and ankle provides valuable and significant information about growth and was found to be a clinically useful method when combined with standard radiographic techniques to evaluate growth conditions. PMID- 6223512 TI - Cardiac muscle cell proliferation and cell differentiation in vivo and in vitro. PMID- 6223513 TI - Energy production and utilization in contractile failure due to intracellular calcium overload. AB - Intracellular calcium overload was produced by perfusing the Ca2+- deprived rat hearts for 5 or 10 min with normal medium containing 1.25 mM Ca2+ for 10 min and changes in the myofibrillar and membrane ATPase, sarcolemmal adenylate cyclase, mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and high energy phosphate stores in failing hearts were examined. Myocardial creatine phosphate and ATP were decreased by the intracellular calcium overload whereas the myofibrillar, mitochondrial and microsomal ATPase activities were not altered. The intracellular calcium overload markedly depressed the mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation as well as sarcolemmal Ca2+ ATPase, Mg2+ ATPase, Na+ - K+ ATPase and adenylate cyclase. These results suggest that abnormalities in the process of energy production rather than energy utilization may primarily account for the depressed energy state of hearts failing due to an intracellular calcium overload. PMID- 6223514 TI - Aortic perfusion pressure and protein synthesis. AB - The effect of increased pressure load on cardiac protein synthesis has been studied in Langendorff preparations and working hearts supplied glucose as substrate. During the second hour of perfusion, elevation of perfusion pressure from 60 to 120 mmHg in Langendorff preparations accelerated protein synthesis by approximately 40% while induction of cardiac work and development of a systolic pressure of 145 mmHg increased synthesis by 22%, as compared to a Langendorff preparation perfused at 60 mmHg. In Langendorff preparations, increased perfusion pressure still accelerated protein synthesis when a drain was placed in the ventricle and intraventricular pressure development was prevented or when the heart was arrested with tetrodotoxin and the ventricle drained. These results suggest that the enhancement of protein synthesis with a pressure load may be induced by passive stretch of the cardiac muscle cell secondary to increased perfusion pressure. PMID- 6223515 TI - Immunoregulatory defects in leprosy. PMID- 6223516 TI - The influence of airways smooth muscle tone upon the response to inhaled PGE2. PMID- 6223517 TI - [Studies on phagocytosis by cultured chick retinal pigment epithelial cells--the inhibitory effects of mucopolysaccharides of the chick vitreous body on phagocytosis of latex particles]. PMID- 6223518 TI - Does the dentist have to play a role in the diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of blood dyscrasias? Recent clinical and research developments. PMID- 6223519 TI - Intracoronary thrombolysis in acute myocardial infarction. AB - Forty-seven patients with acute myocardial infarction (MI) underwent intracoronary infusion of Thrombolysin or streptokinase. In 41, a completely reoccluded artery was reopened. Patency was associated with appearance of arrhythmias, relief of pain, gradual return of the ST-segment to the baseline and appearance of abnormal Q waves. Creatine kinase (CK) and MB-CK enzyme levels peaked earlier. Serial thallium scintigrams showed reduction in defect size after reperfusion, and the ejection fraction was higher compared with control. Eighteen patients were recommended for coronary bypass surgery for recurrent pain or severe multivessel disease. PMID- 6223520 TI - Natural history of patients with single-vessel disease suitable for percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. AB - To permit comparison of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) with conventional therapy, the clinical outcome was established in patients who would have been suitable candidates for PTCA but who presented before the technique was available. Coronary angiograms were reviewed of patients who met the following criteria: single-vessel disease with proximal subtotal coronary stenosis, chest pain of at least class II, and cardiac catheterization before 1981. Angiograms were evaluated according to established criteria for PTCA by an experienced angiographer. One hundred ten patients (2.1% of the patient population) were judged suitable for PTCA. Clinical and catheterization findings closely resembled those of patients in the national PTCA registry. Five years after catheterization, 97% of PTCA candidates treated medically were alive and 85% had not had myocardial infarction. Forty-six patients had coronary artery bypass surgery within 6 months of catheterization and 10 other patients had subsequent surgery. Five years after surgery, 91% were alive and 87% had not had myocardial infarction. At 6 months of follow-up, 78% of all patients had improved at least 1 functional class, and 86% of all patients working before catheterization were still employed. Functional capacity was well maintained during long-term follow-up (median 6.5 years, range 1.4 to 12.2). These data indicate that PTCA candidates have an excellent prognosis for survival, a low risk of infarction, and well-maintained functional capacity when revascularization is reserved for those with inadequate control of symptoms by medical therapy. PMID- 6223521 TI - Coronary arterial aneurysm formation after balloon angioplasty. AB - The mechanism of coronary stenosis dilatation by percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) is incompletely understood. Five men who developed coronary arterial aneurysms at the site of PTCA are described. All patients were in New York Heart Association functional class III or IV at the time of PTCA. In 2 patients acute myocardial infarction was evolving and both had acute coronary occlusion. The other 3 patients had angiographic evidence of intimal disruption or acute coronary reocclusion as a result of PTCA, one of whom had undergone emergency coronary artery bypass grafting. Three patients received intracoronary streptokinase during PTCA. One patient was asymptomatic and 4 were symptomatic when the aneurysms were identified between 11 days and 4 months after PTCA. Other than the complex course and anatomy of these patients before and immediately after PTCA, no other features distinguished them from others undergoing this procedure. PMID- 6223522 TI - Natural history of platelet deposition on Dacron aortic bifurcation grafts in the first year after implantation. AB - This study defined the dynamics of platelet deposition on Dacron arterial grafts up to 1 year after implantation in human subjects. Indium-111 platelet imaging was performed on 8 men 1 to 2 weeks after graft implantation and on 5 of these patients at a mean of 31 weeks (range 28 to 34) and again at 55 weeks (range 50 to 62). Serial imaging was performed at 24 to 96 hours after platelet labeling and injection in each study. Quantitative analysis was performed using a graft/blood ratio that compared background-corrected indium-111 platelet activity in the graft region to whole-blood indium-111 platelet activity. Additionally, blinded qualitative visual analysis of the images compared graft activity with the activity in adjacent native arteries. The mean of all graft/blood ratios (24, 48, 72, and 96 hours) progressively decreased from 4.4 +/- 2.1 (+/- 1 standard deviation) at 1 to 2 weeks to 3.0 +/- 1.8 at 31 weeks (p = 0.002). There was no further decrease at 55 weeks (2.8 +/- 2.0). For comparison, 12 normal subjects without grafts had a mean ratio of 1.8 +/- 0.7. Visual analysis detected platelet deposition in 7 of 8 grafts at 1 to 2 weeks, 4 of 5 at 31 weeks, and 4 of 5 at 55 weeks. Deposition decreased qualitatively in 2 of 5 patients at late study. It is concluded that there is consistent, early platelet deposition on Dacron grafts in man. Although deposition decreases over 31 weeks, it remains readily detectable in most patients at 1 year. These findings suggest absent or incomplete endothelialization of the graft flow surface in humans in the first year after implantation. PMID- 6223523 TI - Left atrial abnormality as an electrocardiographic criterion for the diagnosis of left ventricular hypertrophy in the presence of right bundle branch block. AB - Left atrial (LA) abnormality determined from precordial lead V1 was assessed by 2 observers as a criterion of left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy in the presence of right bundle branch block (BBB) in 23 patients. The presence of LV hypertrophy was confirmed from a postmortem cardiac partition technique and defined at 2 levels of confidence: probable and definite hypertrophy. Observers reliably differentiated between the hypertrophied and normal-sized ventricle in the presence of right BBB by using LA abnormality as an electrocardiographic criterion. When defined as definite hypertrophy, observer 1 correctly identified LV hypertrophy in 78% of the cases and observer 2 in 67% of the cases. False positive results were present in 21% of cases by observer 1 and 14% by observer 2. Comparable results were achieved when a definition of probable hypertrophy was used. Observer performance of recognition of LA abnormality in this study was satisfactory with 91% agreement between observers. Our results are comparable and in some instances superior to conventional criteria commonly recommended to diagnose LV hypertrophy on the electrocardiogram without right BBB. PMID- 6223524 TI - In-home observations of young Down syndrome children with their mothers and fathers. AB - Sixteen mothers, fathers, and their 4- to 7-year-old children were observed interacting in their homes during three family groupings: (a) mother and child, (b) father and child, and (c) mother, father, and child. Half the children had Down syndrome and half were nonhandicapped. Parents of children with Down syndrome structured their interactions with their offspring by assuming manager and teacher roles more often than did parents of nonhandicapped children. Children with Down syndrome were less contingently responsive to both parents than were nonhandicapped children. Mothers of Down syndrome children assumed the teacher role more often than fathers did. Fathers of both groups of children interacted less with their offspring in the triadic family grouping, whereas mothers were more consistent, assuming a parenting role across family contexts. PMID- 6223525 TI - Personality stereotype of noninstitutionalized Down syndrome children. AB - A modified version of the Sonoma Check List was used to rate 98 noninstitutionalized mentally retarded children. Half of them had Down syndrome. The other half comprised a control group. A high proportion of non-Caucasian children were included in the sample. The classic personality stereotype of the Down syndrome child as affectionate and outgoing emerged. Twenty-three adjectives chosen from the list differentiated the two groups. The personality stereotype was unaffected by the race or sex of the child. The results provided further evidence supporting the hypothesis that there is some objective basis to the stereotype. PMID- 6223526 TI - Renovascular hypertension: an update on pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment. PMID- 6223527 TI - Androgen parameters and their correlation with body weight in one hundred thirty eight women thought to have hyperandrogenism. AB - The first objective of this study was to determine which plasma androgen assay or combination of assays would be the most useful in documenting hyperandrogenism in women with hirsutism, acne, oligomenorrhea, or unexplained infertility. Plasma levels of androstenedione (A), total testosterone (T), and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) were measured and free T (FTc) was calculated from the measured total T and T-estradiol-binding globulin binding capacity (TeBG-BC) in 138 consecutive women referred to our clinic for hirsutism, acne, oligomenorrhea, and/or unexplained infertility. FTc was elevated in 82% and was most frequently elevated parameter. DHEAS was elevated in 59% of the women, and 93% were noted to have hyperandrogenemia on the basis of a combination of FTc and DHEAS levels. The second objective of this study was to determine whether there was significant correlation between the androgen parameters and any of the clinical features. Body weight was significantly negatively correlated with DHEAS and TeBG-BC in those women with a normal DHEAS level but not in those with an elevated level. A strong positive correlation (simple and partial) was noted between body weight and plasma T levels in the whole group of patients, as well as in those with a normal or an elevated DHEAS level. It is suggested that the relationship between T and body weight is multifaceted. Conceivably, T could influence body mass by effects on food intake or through alterations in intermediary metabolism. PMID- 6223528 TI - A double-blind, randomized comparison of moxalactam versus clindamycin-gentamicin in treatment of endomyometritis after cesarean section delivery. AB - A double-blind comparison of clindamycin plus gentamicin versus moxalactam plus placebo was performed for the treatment of endomyometritis after cesarean section delivery. Entry criteria were uterine tenderness, temperature greater than or equal to 101 degrees F, and leukocytosis. Uterine specimens were obtained for culture via a single-lumen transcervical catheter. Bacteremia occurred in 10% of patients. Among the 57 patients treated with clindamycin plus gentamicin, there were two clinical failures and four side effect failures (diarrhea in two, allergic reaction in two). Among the 56 patients in the moxalactam group, there were four clinical failures and one side effect failure (diarrhea). Both regimens had good cure rates, with no significant differences in cures or postoperative hospital stay. PMID- 6223529 TI - Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of local analgesia for laparoscopic tubal ligations. AB - The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of lidocaine and bupivacaine, when used for laparoscopic sterilization under local anesthesia, are described in 21 patients. Under direct vision with the use of a laparoscope, local anesthetic solution was sprayed onto the fallopian tubes. Nine patients were administered 12 ml of lidocaine 2% (240 mg), and 12 patients received 20 ml of bupivacaine 0.5% (100 mg). Samples of venous blood were drawn at 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 60, and 120 minutes after the intraperitoneal placement of local anesthetic. Drug assays were performed by means of gas chromatography. The peak concentration of lidocaine was detected within 30 minutes. The mean concentration was 1.70 +/- 0.34 micrograms/mg (range, 1.19 to 2.07 micrograms/ml; convulsive level, 18 to 26 micrograms/ml). The peak concentration of bupivacaine was not evident until 60 minutes after injection. The mean concentration was 0.44 +/- 0.15 micrograms/ml (range, 0.20 to 0.77 micrograms/ml; convulsive level, 4.5 to 5.5 micrograms/ml). These findings may justify the use of larger volumes of these local anesthetics for more painful diagnostic laparoscopies whenever adhesions and/or extensive manipulation is anticipated. PMID- 6223531 TI - Recessed pan tray. PMID- 6223530 TI - Postrotary nystagmus response in children with Down's syndrome. AB - The purpose of this study was to investigate the nystagmus response in school-age children with Down's syndrome. The 35 subjects were between 5 and 9 years of age and were enrolled in public school programs for the educable and trainable mentally retarded in the northern metropolitan areas of Utah. The Southern California Postrotary Nystagmus Test (SCPNT) was administered with slightly modified verbal instructions. Durations of nystagmus for the subjects with Down's syndrome were compared with Ayres' normative data from the SCPNT using a t-test for two independent means. Results indicated there was a significant reduction in the duration of nystagmus in the children with Down's syndrome when compared to Ayres' sample of normal children; however, there was no significant difference between males and females with Down's syndrome in duration of postrotary nystagmus. PMID- 6223532 TI - An anthropobiological study in Basse Kotto (Central Africa). I. Erythrocyte and sero-genetic markers: an analysis of the genetic differentiation. AB - Phenotype and allele frequencies for hemoglobin types (Hb beta), acid phosphatase (AcP), phosphoglucomutase (PGM1 and PGM2), esterase D (EsD), 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6-PGD), glyoxalase I (GLO), superoxide dismutase (SOD A), and adenylate kinase (AK) as well as for haptoglobins (Hp), group-specific component (Gc), transferrin (Tf), Gm, and Inv groups and albumin, are reported in the Mbugu, Sango, Yakpa, and Baya Mandja ethnic groups in the Basse Kotto district of the Central African Republic. The total sample size amounts to 133 males and 128 females aged from 16 to 60, unrelated and healthy. A new albumin variant (albumin Mbugu) is described and discussed. The average heterozygosity is high in each group because of a high degree of exogamy. the FST average standardized value among the four groups indicates that the genetic differentiation in Basse Kotto is at level of about 2%. This indicates that the four examined groups might be considered genetically homogeneous, in spite of their different ethnic origins. The genetic distances among the four groups show that only the Baya Mandja are less closely related to the other three groups because of their foreign origin. PMID- 6223533 TI - Basal and maximal inotropic state in renal hypertensive dogs with cardiac hypertrophy. AB - We studied three isovolumic indexes of contractility, i.e., dP/dtmax, dP/dtDP40, and (dP/dt)/TPmax, in normal dogs and in a matched group of chronically hypertensive dogs with left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) [DP40, developed LV pressure of 40 mmHg; TP, total LV pressure above atmospheric]. The LVH was moderate in degree with the LV-to-body weight ratio 50% greater than in normal dogs. The experiments were performed under pentobarbital with open chest, autonomic blockade, and independent control of mean left atrial pressure (LAP) and mean aortic pressure (MAP). We found that dP/dtmax provided the most consistent comparison of inotropic state in the two groups under both basal conditions and with norepinephrine (NE). The other indexes occurred too early in systole to reflect complete LV activation, particularly during the infusion with NE. Under controlled conditions basal dP/dtmax of LVH dogs was 1.28 times the value of normal dogs, with the increase accounted for by the amplifier effect of the increase in LV mass. But with moderate lowering of aortic pressure, inotropic state was more easily compromised in LVH than in normal dogs. With steady-state stimulation by infusing increasing amounts of NE, dP/dtmax rose by 10 times basal in both LVH and normal dogs at maximum stimulation. The absolute value of the index was 1.31 times higher in the LVH group, with the amplifier effect thus the same as under basal conditions. The results suggest that basal and maximal inotropic states are normal in LVH under optimum loading conditions. PMID- 6223534 TI - Effects of age on mechanical and electrical performance of rat myocardium. AB - Left ventricular papillary muscles were isolated from male Fischer rats at 3, 6, 12, and 24 mo of age. Mechanical performance and transmembrane action potential characteristics were recorded simultaneously. Contractile protein enzyme activity was determined in the same hearts from which papillary muscles were used for acquisition of mechanical and electrical information. There was an age-related increase in the isometric time to peak tension and time to half relaxation with no age-related change in peak isometric developed tension. Resting tension showed a significant increase at both 12 and 24 mo of age. Although no significant change was noted in peak rate of tension rise (+T') or fall (-T'), there was a significant age-related prolongation in the time to +T' and -T'. Isotonically, peak shortening decreased in 24-mo-old animals. Time to peak shortening increased, whereas peak velocity of muscle shortening decreased from 3 to 24 mo of age. A significant and progressive prolongation was noted in the duration of the transmembrane action potential at 50% and 75% repolarization. In addition an age-related progressive decline was seen in contractile protein enzyme activity. These biochemical and electrophysiological alterations may help to explain the contractile modifications during aging. PMID- 6223535 TI - Medroxyprogesterone acetate antiandrogen treatment of hypersexuality in a pedophiliac sex offender. AB - A hypersexual pedophiliac sex offender was treated with the antiandrogen medroxyprogesterone acetate for 500 days. During the treatment, his testosterone blood levels significantly decreased, nearly to female values. Pituitary gonadotropin and urinary steroid metabolite levels diminished initially. Medroxyprogesterone therapy resulted in decreased libido, few side effects, and no recurrence of sex offenses, but there was no change in the patient's sexual orientation. PMID- 6223536 TI - Severe local reactions to live measles virus vaccine following an immunization program. AB - A cluster of nine severe local reactions occurred in a Pennsylvania school district following a mass measles immunization program in February 1981. A case control study showed that the nine cases had a statistically significant increased history of having received killed measles vaccine previously (p less than .001, Fisher's exact test) and a statistically significant higher geometric mean measles antibody titer (p less than .01, Student's t test) than controls, suggesting that previous receipt of killed measles vaccine was the underlying cause of these reactions. PMID- 6223538 TI - Individual specificity of blocking antibodies in molar and normal term placenta bound IgG. AB - In view of the protective and enhancing effect of blocking antibodies (BA) on the survival of trophoblastic cells, the presence or absence of individually specific BA against paternal HLA antigens in trophoblast-bound immunoglobulin G (IgG) of molar as well as normal term placentas were investigated using a mixed lymphocyte culture reaction (MLR) blocking assay and complement-dependent lymphocytotoxicity test. It was found in this study that IgG could be eluted from molar trophoblasts. Further, it was strongly suggested that each molar and normal placental eluate-IgG had individual, specific cytotoxic and blocking effects against paternal lymphocytes and on MLR between spouses, respectively. In conclusion, in molar as well as in normal term placenta-bound IgG, BA that are heterogeneous and partly contain IgG specific to the paternal HLA antigens, including HLA-D/DR antigens, are likely to exist. BA may also have a protective and enhancing effect on the survival of trophoblastic cells by binding with these cells. PMID- 6223537 TI - Inhibition of lymphocyte activation by antisera to embryonic antigens shared with human placental trophoblast. AB - In order to further examine the inhibition of lymphocyte activation reported with conventional antisera to human trophoblast membranes, we studied their effects on cells stimulated by antigen in mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC) and by the mitogen phytohemagglutinin. The results were compared with the effects of antisera known to recognize intrinsic membrane determinants on activated T cells (DR antigens and placental alkaline phosphatase) and with those of antisera to normal human serum components such as transferrin which may bind to the activated lymphocyte membrane. The results indicated that antibodies to placental alkaline phosphatase, which constitutes the predominant specificity of conventional trophoblast membrane antisera, caused inhibition both of MLC response and, to a lesser extent, of activation induced by mitogen. Similar inhibition was obtained with antisera to human DR antigens, while antisera to normal human serum and transferrin were not suppressive. These findings, together with time course studies and immunocytochemical studies of the homologous antigens, suggest that these antisera mediate their inhibitory effects in part through binding to antigens which appear on cells as they undergo activation. PMID- 6223540 TI - Thin-layer chromatographic separation of intermediates of the pyridine nucleotide cycle. AB - A rapid thin-layer chromatographic procedure for separation of the compounds comprising the intermediates in the salvage pathway known as the pyridine nucleotide cycle plus quinolinic acid and the reduced forms of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate is described. The method utilizes silica gel high-performance thin-layer plates and a mobile phase of methanol, tetrabutylammonium hydroxide, and acetonitrile. The time required for analysis is greatly reduced and results in greater than 96% purity of each migrating compound. PMID- 6223539 TI - Measurement of sidedness of isolated plasma-membrane vesicles: quantitation of actin exposure by DNase I inactivation. AB - A rapid and simple method is described to determine the orientation of isolated plasma membrane vesicle populations. The method is based on quantitation of the exposure of actin, an extrinsic membrane component bound exclusively to the cytoplasmic surface. Actin accessibility was determined using DNase I as a nonpermeating probe. The activity of this enzyme is lost upon complexation with actin, and inhibition can be conveniently monitored as the change in the rate of DNase-mediated hyperchromic reaction. Exposed actin is determined in intact vesicles, and total actin in detergent-lysed membranes; the ratio of these values equals the sum of inside-out and leaky vesicles. Sealed right-side-out vesicles are calculated by difference. Using thymocyte plasma membrane vesicles as a model system, we determined that 54% of the membrane is sealed in a right-side-out configuration. This value is consistent with independent determinations of inside out membranes in the same preparation, obtained by 5'-nucleotidase latency measurements, and with reported values in other lymphocyte membrane preparations. PMID- 6223541 TI - High-speed gel-permeation chromatography of glycosaminoglycans: its application to the analysis of heparan sulfate of embryonic carcinoma and its degradation products by tumor cell-derived heparanase. AB - A high-speed gel-permeation chromatographic system for analyzing glycosaminoglycans which uses two 0.7 X 75-cm stainless-steel columns containing Fractogel (Toyopearl) TSK HW-55(S), was developed. Glycosaminoglycans were applied and eluted with a 0.2 M sodium chloride solution and monitored by ultraviolet absorption at 210 nm or radioactivity. The best resolution of glycans was obtained at 55 degrees C at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min. Acidic and neutral glycans in the molecular weight (Mr) range 600-60,000 eluted within 45 min. A linear relationship was found between retention time and molecular weight using standard glycosaminoglycans, chitin oligosaccharides, and a porcine thyroglobulin glycoprotide. This system was used to analyze the heparan sulfate synthesized by PYS-2 embryonic carcinoma cells and the degradation products produced by incubating it with extracted glycosidases from metastatic B16 melanoma cells. The results indicated that B16 melanoma cells contain at least two different heparan sulfate degradative activities, one of which appears to be an endoglycosidase. PMID- 6223542 TI - Use of the airfuge for analysis and preparation of receptors incorporated into liposomes: studies with the receptor for immunoglobulin E. AB - A Beckman Airfuge has been employed for studying the interaction between lipids and the receptor for immunoglobulin E (IgE). For analytic experiments, samples were applied underneath a discontinuous sucrose gradient. After a 30-min centrifugation in a fixed-angle rotor, liposomes floated toward the top of the gradient whereas unincorporated receptor-IgE complexes remained at the bottom of the tube. Liposomes with incorporated receptors were also efficiently separated in the ACR-90 preparative rotor. These methods of "Airfuge flotation" can provide useful adjuncts to more traditional methods for density-gradient centrifugation especially when rapid analysis of small samples is desired. PMID- 6223543 TI - A new look at an old drug. PMID- 6223544 TI - Cardiovascular complications of enteric fever. AB - A case of a young female having salmonella typhi infection with cardiovascular complications in the form of myocarditis and femoral artery occlusion is reported. The relevant literature on the subject is reviewed, and possible mechanisms discussed. PMID- 6223545 TI - [Oxygen duct pollution by nitrous oxide. A defective flowmeter]. PMID- 6223546 TI - Controlled tests with fenbendazole in equids: special interest on activity of multiple doses against natural infections of migrating stages of strongyles. PMID- 6223547 TI - Serologic survey for Bordetella bronchiseptica in Nebraska specific-pathogen-free pigs. AB - The frequency of Bordetella bronchiseptica infection in Nebraska specific pathogen-free (SPF) pigs was determined by serologic and bacteriologic cultural analysis. Serum samples from non-SPF herds were tested for comparison. A total of 1,282 of 1,397 (92%) of the SPF pigs tested had antibody to B bronchiseptica; 37 of 220 (17%) were culture-positive, and 67 of 4125 (1.6%) were considered suspicious for atrophic rhinitis during slaughter inspection. A higher percentage of the non-SPF pigs had titers to B bronchiseptica (642 of 659 pigs or 97% of the pigs tested). There was no relationship between the B bronchiseptica antibody titer, the isolation of B bronchiseptica, or the frequency of gross lesions of atrophic rhinitis from pigs within the herd. The serum agglutination test may be a more reliable procedure for determining the herd prevalence of B bronchiseptica than isolation of the organism by cultural methods. PMID- 6223548 TI - Distribution of abscesses and shedder state in swine inoculated with group E streptococci via routes other than oral. PMID- 6223549 TI - [Isolated hypoplasia of the right ventricle with interatrial communication. Study of a case and review of the literature]. AB - A 1 1/2 year old boy with cyanosis and congestive heart failure was found to have isolated right ventricular hypoplasia with atrial septal defect by cardiac catheterization and angiocardiography. On physical examination no murmur was heard. The ECG revealed a frontal plane AQRS of -45 degrees, right atrial enlargement and left ventricular hypertrophy. Chest X-ray examination showed slight cardiomegaly. Preoperative assessment included temporary occlusion of the atrial septal defect by means of a balloon catheter. Surgical closure of the atrial septal defect was performed at 4 years old. The clinical findings and surgical treatment of this rare malformation are discussed. PMID- 6223550 TI - [Precocious puberty associated with Von Recklinghausen's disease. Developmental follow-up under cyproterone acetate treatment]. AB - Authors describe a case of a boy aged 8-10/12 years with precocious puberty associated with Von Recklinghausen's disease. He was treated with cyproterone acetate (100 mg/m2/24 h oral doses) and controlled for a period of two years. He shows very few effects of puberal physical signs and improvement of his sexual behavioral area. They have evaluated growth evolution by different parameters and couldn't appreciate any improvement because of the advanced bone age (13-6/12 years) when treatment was started. PMID- 6223551 TI - Selective interaction of a Fucus vesiculosus lectin-like mucopolysaccharide with several Candida species. AB - A complex carbohydrate specific lectin-like mucopolysaccharide extracted from the brown alga Fucus vesiculosus was found to agglutinate Candida guilliermondii cells but not those of other species of the same genus (except for a weak agglutination with C. krusei). The selective binding of this mucopolysaccharide correspondingly affected the growth of the yeasts. The results suggest that there are notable differences--at least with respect to the receptors for the F. vesiculosus mucopolysaccharide--between C. guilliermondii, C. krusei and the other Candida species. PMID- 6223552 TI - Percepts from the Vienna cochlear prosthesis. AB - This report includes psychophysical data on some of the 13 patients who have been equipped with intracochlear electrodes and the 6 patients who have received an extracochlear electrode. Thresholds and uncomfortable listening levels versus frequency, amplitude difference limens, and gap detection in noise and frequency difference limens have been determined and represent some essential characteristics of prosthetic hearing. PMID- 6223553 TI - Limits on alternative auditory representations of speech. PMID- 6223554 TI - Formant frequency discrimination and recognition in subjects implanted with intracochlear stimulating electrodes. PMID- 6223555 TI - Theoretical considerations in testing speech perception through electroauditory stimulation. PMID- 6223556 TI - Electron microscopic studies of fibrinogen structure: historical perspectives and recent experiments. PMID- 6223557 TI - Fibrinopeptide release from fibrinogen. PMID- 6223558 TI - Plasmin degradation of cross-linked fibrin. AB - On the basis of structural studies of both degrading insoluble cross-linked fibrin and of soluble derivatives, we have developed a model to explain the principal structural and physical features of plasmic degradation of cross-linked fibrin in vitro from the completely intact matrix to terminally degraded soluble derivatives. The critical event of solubilization occurs only as the result of coincident cleavages at complementary sites in the basic two-stranded half staggered overlap fibrin structure, resulting in the release of two-stranded complexes held together by noncovalent forces. The four smallest complexes that are released into solution have structures corresponding to DD/E, DY/YD, YY/DXD, and YXD/DXY. The protein initially solubilized has a constant composition with a predominance of large derivatives that are composed of at least one fragment from each of the two strands of the protofibril. Following their release into solution the larger complexes are converted in vitro to smaller ones by the continued action of plasmin, so that the complex found following prolonged digestion is DD/E. It is proposed that this newly defined group of complexes represents the major form of circulating plasmic derivatives of cross-linked fibrin. PMID- 6223559 TI - Hepatocyte-stimulating factor: a monocyte-derived acute-phase regulatory protein. PMID- 6223560 TI - Interaction of fibrinogen with staphylococcal clumping factor and with platelets. AB - Fibrinogen, a clottable plasma glycoprotein, participates in cell adhesion phenomena involving prokaryotic cells, e.g. staphylococci, and eukaryotic cell fragments, e.g. platelets. Among the three chains (alpha, beta, gamma) of human fibrinogen, the gamma chain bears the main site recognizing the staphylococcal clumping receptor and human platelet receptor induced by ADP. The platelet receptors are also recognized, albeit less avidly, by a site associated with the alpha chain. The gamma chain site recognizing staphylococcal clumping factor exists on the COOH-terminal segment of this chain encompassing the 15 residues (gamma 397-411) including the COOH-terminal valine. The location of the gamma chain site interacting with the human platelet receptor had been pinpointed to the 27 residue CNBr COOH-terminal segment (gamma 385-411). The results of enzymatic degradation of the 27-residue peptide indicate that the continuity of the last 15 amino acid residues at the COOH-terminal end of the gamma chain of human fibrinogen seems to be essential for its interaction with human platelets. The sequence of the gamma chain interacting with the platelet receptor (gamma 385 411) indicates that this segment is a unique region of fibrinogen endowed with three important functions: cross-linking of fibrin, clumping of staphylococci, and aggregation of platelets. [Note added in proof: Recently we obtained evidence that dodecapeptide gamma 393-411 fully retains platelet receptor recognition site (Kloczewiak et al. 1983. Clin. Res 31:534A.)] PMID- 6223561 TI - Kinetics and molecular mechanism of the proteolytic fragmentation of fibrinogen. PMID- 6223562 TI - The relationship of fibrinogen structure to plasminogen activation and plasmin activity during fibrinolysis. PMID- 6223563 TI - Cellular circuitry involved in orally induced systemic tolerance and local antibody production. PMID- 6223564 TI - T-helper cell activity in intestinal lamina propria. PMID- 6223565 TI - Regulation of the immune responses to a streptococcal antigen by helper and suppressor functions in man. AB - Natural sensitization of human lymphocytes to a SA, isolated from Streptococcus mutans, has been investigated by stimulating T-lymphocytes in vitro with the streptococcal antigen. Helper or suppressor activity released by the lymphocytes was then tested for anti-DNP antibody-forming cells. A differential dose-response of about 1000 ng of SA was found between the specific helper function of HLA DRw6 and DR4 lymphocytes. Specific suppressor activity showed a reciprocal relationship to helper activity. Depletion of suppressor cells, by killing these with the monoclonal T8 antiserum and complement, resulted in loss of suppressor, but increased dose response in helper function. Conversely, helper-cell-depleted cultures showed a loss of helper and increased dose response in suppressor function. The results suggest a reciprocal controlling function of helper and suppressor cells. The HLA-DR linked antigens might be related to significant shifts in the dose response of helper cells. PMID- 6223566 TI - Analysis of the effector functions of different populations of mucosal lymphocytes. AB - Lymphocytes separated from the epithelial layer of mouse small intestine, IEL, were tested for their NK cytotoxicity against Yac-1 targets. There was little NK activity in a 4 hour assay, but high activity in an 18 hour assay, and the NK activity of IEL did not parallel that in the spleen in any of the mouse strains tested. Furthermore, IEL exerted a suppressor activity on mouse spleen NK activity. Specific T-cell cytotoxicity appeared in IEL in mice immunized with an intraperitoneal injection of P-815 tumor cells. By contrast with IEL, LPL had little NK or NK suppressor activity, but higher levels of specific T-cell cytotoxicity in tumor-immunized mice than intraepithelial lymphocytes. A high proportion of IEL had granules that stained with Giemsa and Astra blue. Furthermore many IEL carried Lyt-2+ phenotype and no other T-cell surface antigen. Intraepithelial lymphocytes appeared, therefore, to have staining and phenotype characteristics of both granular NK cells and suppressor cells. It was clear that the intestinal mucosa contained populations of immune effector cells that were heterogeneous in nature and function. PMID- 6223567 TI - Adjuvants for secretory immune responses. AB - Salivary IgA responses of rats receiving MDP were elevated after oral GTF administration and after infection with S. mutans bearing surface GTF. Intragastric administration (but not injection) of MDP enhanced salivary IgA responses to i.g. GTF. Subcutaneous injection (but not i.g. administration) of MDP enhanced IgA responses to GTF injected in the salivary gland vicinity. Conjugation of MDP to GTF did not enhance the secretory response to the antigen. Nevertheless, s.g.v. administration of OVA in IFA dramatically enhanced the secretory and serum responses. Injection of MDP may further enhance the secretory response. The combination of routes of adjuvant and antigen administration were critical in selectively enhancing a secretory immune response. PMID- 6223568 TI - Escherichia coli strains producing Streptococcus mutans proteins responsible for colonization and virulence. PMID- 6223569 TI - [A case of Down's syndrome with severe palpebral hypoplasia]. PMID- 6223570 TI - T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia with a suppressor phenotype. AB - A diagnosis of prolymphocytic leukemia was made from the blood and bone marrow of a 50 year old man. The neoplastic cells were studied by use of light and electron microscopy. Neoplastic cells were focally positive for acid phosphatase and alpha naphthyl acetate esterase. In addition, neoplastic cells formed rosettes with sheep erythrocytes and reacted with Leu-1 and Leu-2a but not Leu-3a antisera. No terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) activity was noted in these cells. It is concluded that these neoplastic cells were phenotypically mature suppressor T lymphocytes. Furthermore, T and B cell prolymphocytic leukemias were compared according to clinico-pathological, cytochemical, ultrastructural, and immunological findings derived from our review of the current literature. PMID- 6223571 TI - Stimulation of non-specific anti-tumour resistance in the mouse using cell wall preparations from four BCG substrains. AB - The comparative anti-tumour activity of cell walls, deproteinized cell walls and cell wall skeleton (CWS) isolated from four BCG substrains (Canadian, Russian, Glaxo and Swedish) was determined against Ehrlich ascitic carcinoma in CF-1 mice and against L1210 lymphoid leukaemia in B6D2F1/J mice. In Ehrlich carcinoma, the protocol of injection was shown to be of critical importance, since high and low levels of protection and even facilitation of tumour growth were observed according to the protocol used. The oil emulsion used as the vehicle for injection of the fractions (control groups) induced facilitation of tumour growth with some protocols. The highest levels of protection were observed when treatment was performed on day -6 for a single i. p. injection or on days -14 and 0 for two injections. Using the former protocol of immunization, the highest level of protection was detected with cell walls and deproteinized cell walls. CWS isolated from the Canadian and Glaxo substrains were found to be inactive, whereas those isolated from the Swedish and Russian substrains induced significant levels of protection. In L1210 leukaemia, very few preparations induced significant protection. CWS preparations did not induce protection. Canadian and Russian deproteinized cell walls and Canadian cell walls (100 and 250 micrograms, respectively) induced some protection. The use of different protocols of injection did not increase the anti-tumour activity of the Canadian cell walls. The most active preparation in both tumour systems was that of Canadian deproteinized cell walls. PMID- 6223572 TI - [Selective binding in vitro of a modified form of the C3 component of complement to human erythrocytes]. AB - C3 was bound to human erythrocytes from autologous plasma or from serum brought to low ionic strength (mu less than or equal to 0.03) and pH between 4.0 and 5.0, then subsequently incubated with erythrocytes (50/1, v/v) for 20 min at 0 degree C. This capacity was preserved up to 72 h by prolonged incubation at 20, 25 or 37 degrees C, whereas it was quickly lost by incubation at 0 degree C. C3 binding did not require complement activation and was not observed with neuraminidase treated erythrocytes. Crossed immunoelectrophoretic analysis of the pretreated serum or plasma revealed that a fraction having more cathodal migration than that of native C3 was generated upon incubation in the above-mentioned conditions. This fraction appeared able to selectively bind to the erythrocytes. Cell-bound C3 reacted positively to antisera against C3a, C3c, C3d or native C3; they rosetted positively with EAC3b, clearly showing that this C3 binding was not dependent on the proteolysis of C3 and that it concerned the acceptor sites on the cells, since C3b receptors were free. The functional significance of this C3 binding was also investigated: EC3 were not able to lyse through the alternative pathway, whereas lysis clearly increased when C3 was found to AET-treated erythrocytes. This finding, together with the modulation in the capacity of EC3 or E(AET)C3 to form an alternative pathway convertase by antibodies to C3c or C3d, strongly suggests a contribution of bound C3 to such a convertase. In contrast to "C3b-like" C3, this modified C3 was able to bind to acceptor sites on erythrocytes but, like the former, it retained the capacity to form an alternative pathway convertase. In this light, it may represent an intermediate between C3 and "C3b-like" C3. PMID- 6223573 TI - Nicotinamide stimulates the repair of carcinogen-induced DNA damage in the hamster pancreas in vivo. AB - A single dose of nicotinamide (350 mg/kg, i.p.) given 3 hrs after a single dose of the carcinogen N-nitrosobis (2-oxopropyl) amine (BOP) (10 mg/kg, s.c.) stimulated the repair of DNA damage induced by BOP in the hamster pancreas. Damage was measured by alkaline elution 24 hrs after dosing with BOP. When given up to 1 hr before BOP nicotinamide was ineffective. This effect did not appear to be due to an alteration in the rate of unscheduled DNA synthesis which was not stimulated by nicotinamide. These data correlated positively with the inhibitory action of nicotinamide on BOP carcinogenesis in the hamster pancreas. PMID- 6223574 TI - Coupling of proton flux to the hydrolysis and synthesis of ATP. PMID- 6223575 TI - Structural studies of protein-nucleic acid interactions. PMID- 6223576 TI - Tobramycin inactivation by carbenicillin, ticarcillin, and piperacillin. AB - The in vitro and in vivo inactivation of tobramycin by carbenicillin, ticarcillin, or piperacillin was investigated by the enzyme immunoassay method in clinically employed dosages. After the addition of an 80-mg dose of tobramycin to 4- to 5-g doses of a penicillin in 100 ml of 0.9% saline or distilled water, the degradation profile of tobramycin appeared to follow a biexponential pattern of decay. Remarkable losses (30 to 40%) of tobramycin combined with carbenicillin or ticarcillin were observed within 1 h, as compared with the later decline. The combination of tobramycin with piperacillin was least inactivating. When the admixture of tobramycin with carbenicillin or piperacillin used in the in vitro study was infused to six volunteers over 1 h, the observed maximum concentrations of tobramycin were on the average 66 and 74% for carbenicillin and piperacillin, respectively, of that observed after tobramycin alone was given. In contrast, the value obtained for tobramycin in combination with piperacillin was close to 90% of the control value. The elimination half-lives of tobramycin combined with the penicillins were slightly shorter than those of tobramycin alone, indicating that the interaction occurs even in patients with normal renal function. PMID- 6223577 TI - In vitro activity of CI-919 (AT-2266), an oral antipseudomonal compound. AB - We tested CI-919 (AT-2266), a nalidixic acid analog, against 555 gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, using microbroth or agar dilution methods. The activity of CI-919 was compared with those of cephalosporins, tobramycin, ticarcillin, dicloxacillin, rifampin, chloramphenicol, ampicillin, and trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole. The minimal inhibitory concentrations of CI-919 for 90% of isolates were (in micrograms per milliliter): Pseudomonas spp. (including Pseudomonas aeruginosa), 4.0; Enterobacteriaceae, 0.5; Staphylococcus spp., 2.0; Haemophilus influenzae, 0.12; Campylobacter jejuni, 0.12; and enterococci, 16. The minimal inhibitory concentrations of CI-919 for 90% of 82 tobramycin resistant, gram-negative strains was 4.0 micrograms/ml. CI-919 was bactericidal for most isolates, showing no cross-resistance with unrelated antimicrobial agents, and was stable for 11 weeks at temperatures ranging from 22 to -70 degrees C. Inoculum size and media pH had little effect on the antibacterial activity of CI-919 for nine strains tested. CI-919 may be useful as an oral antibiotic for the treatment of infections due to diverse bacteria, including P. aeruginosa. PMID- 6223578 TI - Concentrations of cefoperazone in cerebrospinal fluid during bacterial meningitis. AB - Cefoperazone was administered to 15 patients with bacterial meningitis before lumbar punctures were performed. Patients received one of the following three dosage regimens before collection of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF): one dose of 50 mg/kg (maximum, 2 g; group I), one dose of 100 mg/kg (maximum, 4 g; group II), three doses of 100 mg/kg each every 8 h (maximum, 4 g each dose; group III). Of 44 CSF samples, 26 had detectable cefoperazone levels (59%); drug concentrations in CSF ranged from less than 0.8 to 11.5 micrograms/ml (median, 1.97 micrograms/ml). Although the percentage of patients with detectable cefoperazone levels in CSF was higher in group III (69%) than in group II (64%) or group I (50%), the differences were not statistically significant; however, the mean drug concentration in CSF in group I (1.53 micrograms/ml) was significantly lower than that in group III (3.1 micrograms/ml). A high protein concentration in CSF (as an indicator of meningeal inflammation) correlated best with high cefoperazone concentrations in CSF. These findings differ from previous investigations of cefoperazone penetration into CSF; however, cefoperazone may not penetrate reliably into CSF and therefore may not be an optimal candidate drug for the treatment of bacterial meningitis. PMID- 6223579 TI - Activity of AT-2266 compared with those of norfloxacin, pipemidic acid, nalidixic acid, and gentamicin against various experimental infections in mice. AB - AT-2266 (1-ethyl-6-fluoro-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-7-(1-piperazinyl)-1, 8-naphthyridine 3-carboxylic acid) showed marked activity in vivo when administered orally to mice bearing systemic, pulmonary, dermal, or urinary tract infections due to variety of organisms. The activity of AT-2266 was uniformly higher than those of norfloxacin, pipemidic acid, and nalidixic acid against all of the infections. The activity of AT-2266 administered orally was almost comparable to that of gentamicin administered subcutaneously against urinary tract infections due to gram-negative organisms but was generally lower against other infections. AT-2266 exhibited significant activity against infections due to gentamicin-resistant and nalidixic acid-resistant organisms. PMID- 6223580 TI - Use of a temperature-sensitive, protoplast-forming Neurospora crassa strain for the detection of antifungal antibiotics. AB - Protoplasts of the temperature-sensitive osmotic-1 mutant of Neurospora crassa grew and divided as cell wall-less cells when incubated under certain conditions at 37 degrees C. Each protoplast regenerated cell wall and formed a mycelium when the temperature was shifted to 22 degrees C. Cell wall regeneration, but not cell growth, was prevented by the inhibition of cell wall assembly functions. Thus, the inhibition of cell wall regeneration could serve as an indicator of the mode of action of antibiotic drugs. A method for detecting cell wall-inhibiting antifungal compounds with osmotic-1 protoplasts is described. PMID- 6223581 TI - Hormonal control of pulmonary surfactant synthesis. AB - The specific activities of palmitoyl-CoA synthetase, phospholipase A2, and lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase enzymes were low in the lungs of diabetic and hypophysectomized rats as compared to those found in the normal controls. Administration of triiodothyronine (T3), to the diabetic and hypophysectomized rats restored the normal activities of these enzymes. Stimulation of the enzyme activities were also observed when normal rats were injected with the above hormone. The enhancement of the enzyme activities was also found to be dependent on the dose and duration of the hormonal treatment. Optimum levels were achieved at a dose of about 100 micrograms/100 g body weight of T3, 3-4 days after the administration of this hormone. Actinomycin D or cycloheximide abolished the hormone-mediated stimulation of these enzymes in diabetic and hypophysectomized rats. Reduced rate of in vivo palmitoyl-CoA synthetase synthesis was observed in the lungs of diabetic and hypophysectomized animals. Administration of T3 stimulated the rate of synthesis of this enzyme indicating increasing synthesis of this enzyme and not of activation of the pre-existing inactive species. Reduced phospholipid contents, specially decreased amount of lecithin and dipalmitoyl lecithin (DPL) were observed in the lungs of the diabetic and hypophysectomized animals as compared to those in the normal animals. T3 also increased the lecithin and DPL content of the normal rat lungs. These results provide evidence for the involvement of the thyroid hormones in the control of the pulmonary surfactant. The results further suggest that T3 was capable of inducing the enzymes of the "deacylation-reacylation" pathway involved in palmitate incorporation into phosphatidylcholine thereby contributing to the stimulation of dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis. PMID- 6223582 TI - Kinetic studies on the membrane-bound and the purified coupling factor-ATPase from Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides. AB - The activity of membrane-bound and purified ATPase (EC 3.6.1.3) was potentiated by several divalent cations. Highest rates of ATP hydrolysis were obtained when the activity was measured with the (cation-ATP)2- complex. Free ATP and free divalent cations in excess were found to be competitive inhibitors to the complex. The apparent Km (complex) values were lower than the Ki values for free ATP indicating that the (cation-ATP)2- complex is bound more tightly to the enzyme than the free ATP. Based on these results, a binding of the complex to the active site at two points is suggested, namely through the ATP and through the cation. Removal of the coupling factor from the membrane apparently caused conformational changes which resulted in a pronounced alteration of the kinetic parameters of ATPase activity. Whereas highest values in chromatophore-bound ATPase activity were observed in the presence of Mg2+, the purified enzyme became even more active in the presence of Ca2+. The Ki values for free ATP decreased upon solubilization of the enzyme. Free Mg2+ in excess was more inhibitory on the purified ATPase than Ca2+, while free Ca2+ in excess was more inhibitory on the membrane-bound enzyme if compared to Mg2+. Ki values for product inhibition by ADP and Pi were determined. Kinetic analyses of photophosphorylation activity revealed that the (cation-ADP)- complex is the functional substrate. The apparent Km values for the complex and for Pi were estimated. Excess of free cations and ADP inhibited competitively the phosphorylation. Ki(ADP), Ki(Ca2+), and Ki(Mg2+) were calculated by Dixon analyses. PMID- 6223583 TI - [Clinical evaluation of SPG (schizophyllan) as a therapeutic adjuvant after surgery of gastric cancer--controlled study by an envelope method]. AB - SPG, a beta-1, 3 glucan extracted from cultured Schizophyllum commune Fries, was clinically evaluated for its efficacy in adjuvant immunochemotherapy for postoperative gastric cancer by the SPG cooperative study group comprising 43 hospitals. On the day of operation and the next day, patients were given intravenously 0.4 mg and 0.2 mg/kg of mitomycin C, respectively. Subsequently, they were randomly allocated to either the SPG group or control group. From the 10th to 20th postoperative days, the SPG group was intramuscularly given SPG at a dose of 20 mg twice a week or 40 mg once a week in combination with tegafur, while the control group was given only tegafur. Significant prolongation of life span of the SPG group was confirmed in Stage III. Minor side effects due to SPG were noted in 2.6% (5/190). PMID- 6223585 TI - [Comparative effect of administration schedules on the antitumor activities of 3 water-soluble nitrosoureas, ACNU, GANU and MCNU against L1210 leukemia]. AB - ACNU, GANU and MCNU, water-soluble nitrosoureas, have been evaluated in terms of influence of treatment schedule on antitumor activity in mice bearing L1210 leukemia. The results obtained were as follows: 1) ACNU produced a significant increase in life span and long-term survivors by administration on day 1 only, once every 8 days for 2 doses or once every 4 days for 3 doses, and the compound was most effective when given on day 1 only. 2) GANU produced a significant increase in life span and long-term survivors by same administration schedules as ACNU, and the compound was most effective when given every 8 days for 2 doses. 3) MCNU produced a significant increase in life span and long-term survivors by each administration including daily treatment, and the compound was most effective when given every 4 days for 3 doses. 4) ACNU and MCNU displayed the same level of activity as CCNU when the drugs were given on day 1 only. Daily treatment with MCNU was as effective as daily treatment with CCNU. Our results suggest that ACNU, GANU and MCNU should be administered by intermittent schedule as lipid soluble nitrosoureas such as BCNU, CCNU and MeCCNU. PMID- 6223584 TI - [Clinical evaluation of schizophyllan (SPG) in advanced gastric cancer--a randomized comparative study by an envelope method]. AB - To clarify the clinical efficacy of SPG, a beta-1, 3 glucan extracted from cultured Schizophyllum commune Fries, a randomized comparative study was performed in combination with mitomycin C+5-fluorouracil (MF protocol) or tegafur (F protocol). A total of 514 cases with inoperable or recurrent gastric cancer were randomly allocated to either the SPG group or the control group, 367 of which were finally assessed for clinical efficacy. SPG was intramuscularly given at a dose of 20 mg twice a week or 40 mg once a week. Significant prolongation of life span was confirmed in the SPG group (MF protocol: p less than 0.01, F protocol: p less than 0.05), although the combination of SPG did not demonstrate a remarkable antitumor effect in both MF and F protocols. Among immune response parameters tested, the positive reactions in the PHA skin test were maintained in the SPG group and decreases in lymphocyte counts were inhibited by SPG in the MF protocol. Side effects associated with SPG therapy were noted in 6 of 258 cases treated with SPG. From these results, it is indicated that the combination of SPG and the chemotherapeutic agents may be useful in treating patients with inoperable or recurrent gastric cancer. PMID- 6223586 TI - [Experimental study on immunochemotherapy using schizophyllan]. AB - Immunochemotherapy with schizophyllan (SPG) combined with chemotherapeutic agents was evaluated in two syngeneic tumor-C3H/He mouse systems. The administration of SPG alone caused a significant growth inhibition of MM 46 mammary carcinoma, the highest therapeutic effect being obtained by SPG given at the advanced stage of tumors. When combined with neocarzinostatin given 7-times every other day the simultaneous administration of SPG produced an optimal response to that therapy. In X-5563 plasmacytoma, SPG alone was ineffective. However, when combined with mitomycin C given with 1 to 5-days interval, the concurrent administration of SPG prolonged significantly the life-span of the tumor-bearing mice. These results indicated that the simultaneous administration of SPG and antitumor drugs may be a useful application method for immunochemotherapy of experimental tumors. PMID- 6223587 TI - [Combination chemotherapy with neocarzinostatin (NCS) and other antitumor agents for advanced carcinoma of the digestive organs--improved clinical effect with NFO therapy]. AB - We have previously reported the clinical effect of NF therapy (NCS 5,000 units and 5-FU 500 mg intravenously; twice a week) on patients with advanced carcinoma of the digestive system. In the present study, NFO therapy (NCS 2,000 units and 5 FU 500 mg intravenously, Picibanil 1-2K. E. intramuscularly; twice a week) was applied for those patients to take advantage over NF modality. Treated were 62 patients with NFO and 48 were evaluated for its clinical effects. In comparison of NFO and NF, the antitumor effects were noted in 9 of 48 patients (18.8%) for NFO, and 2 of 27 (7.4%) for NF therapy judged by Koyama & Saito's criterion. If the Karnofsky's criterion was applied, I-A category or more were obtained in 10 of 48 patients (20.8%) for NFO and in 2 of 27 (7.4%) for NF therapy. In particular, NFO therapy resulted in the advantageous clinical effects on patients with hepatic and pancreatic carcinomas irrespective of primary or metastatic. The adverse effects of NFO were not more frequent than those of NF therapy. From these results, a new combination regimen, NFO, is thought to bring about a considerable benefit in the treatment of advanced carcinoma of the digestive organs. PMID- 6223588 TI - [The relationship between serum immunosuppressive acidic protein (IAP) and cellular immunity in the patients with gastric cancer]. AB - IAP (immunosuppressive acidic protein), one of the serum immunosuppressive factors, was investigated in the preoperative patients with gastric cancer. IAP values in sera from patients increased in accordance with advances of the disease. In the study of quantitative correlation of IAP with immunological parameters, IAP values correlated slightly with lymphocyte proliferative response to PHA, while a significant correlation between IAP values and spontaneous suppressor T cell activities was noted (p less than 0.01). These results suggested that IAP as well as immune complex might serve as a signal for the activation of suppressor T cells in vivo. PMID- 6223589 TI - [Pharmacokinetic one-compartment model using neocarzinostain as a prototype drug and its clinical application to chemotherapy for brain tumor. Part II. A clinical trial with selected protocol]. AB - Neocarzinostatin as previously reported, appeared to exhibit an intense cytotoxicity to the glioblastoma cells and some other malignant brain tumor cells, such as pineal germinoma or medulloblastoma, which are notoriously known to disseminate into the cerebrospinal fluid space. In vitro study, the minimum susceptibility of glioblastoma cells to neocarzinostatin was found to be below 0.005 microgram/ml, whereas normal glia cells were not affected at 0.3 microgram/ml. This study indicated that neocarzinostatin was extremely effective in the treatment of malignant brain tumor without affecting normal neural tissue. Pharmacokinetic study was performed in order to establish intermittent intrathecal perfusion therapy and to prevent subarachnoid dissemination of the brain tumor cells. Experimental results were applied to the treatment of 12 patients with brain tumor, who had shown positive cytology of the cerebrospinal fluid. Follow-up investigation showed quite a favorable result and it was considered that prophylactic irradiation to the entire spinal column could be replaced with intrathecal administration of neocarzinostatin. During clinical application no noticeable side effect was encountered and active stimulation of macrophages, which were mobilized into the CSF space, was another unexpected advantage of this treatment. PMID- 6223590 TI - [Oral high-dose medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) in the treatment of advanced and recurrent breast cancer: a dose-response evaluation]. AB - The antitumor effect and side effects of oral high-dose Medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) therapy were studied in 110 patients with advanced or recurrent breast cancer. MPA in 200 mg tablets was consecutively administered at a daily dose of 600, 800, 1,000, 1,200, 1,600, 1,800 or 2,400 mg. The overall response rate was 32/110 (29.1%), and the highest response rate was obtained in the 1,200 mg group (38.2%). The response rate by the site of lesion was higher in the soft tissues and also in bone metastases. Side effects such as moon face, vaginal spotting and abnormal glucose tolerance was mild and tolerable. Accordingly, from the antitumor effect and side effects, the optimal dose was considered to be 1,200 mg a day. Furthermore, as MPA therapy increases appetite and body weight of patients without causing myelopoietic depression, this drug could be used successfully in combination with other chemotherapeutic agents. PMID- 6223591 TI - [Antitumor effects of aromatic retinoids (Ro 10-1670, Ro 10-9359) on the chemically-induced epithelial tumors]. AB - Pathological and histochemical studies were made to clarify the response to an aromatic retinoids (Ro 10-1670, Ro 10-9359) of the papilloma and carcinoma in hamster cheek pouch and mouse dorsal skin. The sizes of papilloma and carcinoma were remarkably reduced or completely regressed following systemic and topical administration of the aromatic retinoids. The antitumor effects increased in proportion to the frequency of administration than doses and were showed no side effects. Tumor tissues responded remarkably to the aromatic retinoids indicated an irregular keratinization including loss of hornified cells, nuclear vacuolization and inflammatory infiltrates which located in the border layer between stromas and neoplastic epithelia. Histochemically, tumor tissues which intensely affected by drugs were characterized by the presence of abundant acid phosphatase active cells. Those acid phosphatase active cells may be consisted of tumor cells, histiocytes and fibroblasts. In the electrocytochemical study acid phosphatase (a lysosomal marker enzyme) activity was found in epithelial tumor cells and fibroblasts. These results were indicated that epithelial tumor regression by aromatic retinoids the might be due to the accelerated lysosomal activity in the tumor cells and fibroblasts. PMID- 6223592 TI - [Part I. Theory and computer simulation for cerebrospinal infusion]. AB - A pharmacokinetic one-compartment model for the cerebrospinal infusion for the brain tumor chemotherapy is described together with various parameters used for computer simulation. An antitumor protein, neocarzinostatin (NCS) as a prototype drug, has been utilized since it was found effective against glioblastoma cells at extremely low concentration (less than 5 ng/ml) and it is readily inactivated by serum. A very slow infusion velocity was found necessary for an appropriate dose regimen; for example, 0.25mg of the drug should be infused into CSF for about 40 min to attain a drug level of 8 ng/ml. PMID- 6223593 TI - [Problems concerning clinical biochemistry of experimental animals (mainly rats)]. PMID- 6223594 TI - [Pharmacological and pharmacodynamic aspects of cancer chemotherapy, with special reference to 5-fluorouracil and its derivatives]. AB - 5-FU analogs being investigated in Japan are; 5-FU, FT, FD-1, HCFU, UFT, TAC-278, 5'-DFUR, FF-705, and TK-117. They exert antitumor activity via 5-FU which is an intermediate metabolite of those derivatives. In this paper, UFT, TAC-278, and 5' DFUR, were particularly investigated from the point of view of pharmacokinetics of those drugs (or 5-FU) in the blood, normal and tumor tissues of patients with gastric cancer. As a result, it is concluded that observation of the sequential changes of 5-FU level in various tissues of humans is potential in designing cancer chemotherapy. PMID- 6223595 TI - [Cancer chemotherapy with special reference to pharmacokinetics of nitrosoureas]. AB - This paper provides an overview of cancer chemotherapy with special reference to the pharmacokinetics of the nitrosoureas. At physiological PH, the chloroethylnitrosoureas can be decomposed into an isocyanate and 2-chloroethyl diazene hydroxide. Therefore, it is clear that they have both alkylation and carbamoylation actions. In addition to the spontaneous chemical dissociation, the nitrosoureas can be metabolized by liver microsomal enzymes to more polar hydroxylated products, and certain nitrosoureas can be denitrosated by these enzymes to the parent urea. Since the lipid-soluble nitrosoureas and some of the water-soluble nitrosoureas such as ACNU and MCNU demonstrated to cross the blood brain barrier, they have been used in the treatment of primary brain tumors and tumors and tumors of metastatic origin. It has been demonstrated from the results of our study and other reports that the alkylation of DNA by ACNU progresses more slowly as compared with that of other alkylating agents. This is an important finding in relation to the appearance of delayed myelosuppression of the nitrosoureas and in the design of dose schedules of these agents. The major clinical emphasis has been directed towards the more active chloroethylnitrosoureas with reduced myelosuppression, and attempts are now made for this purpose. Unfortunately, the results of phase I and II trials of the newly developed nitrosoureas suggest that these agents produce delayed and cumulative bone marrow toxicity. Antitumor activity of the nitrosoureas is frequestly observed in chronic myelocytic leukemia, malignant lymphoma, brain tumors and small cell carcinoma of the lung, and less frequently in gastrointestinal carcinoma, multiple myeloma and malignant melanoma. In order to enhance clinical effects of the nitrosoureas, further investigation of the design in therapeutic schedules on the basis of their pharmacokinetic characteristics will be needed. PMID- 6223596 TI - [Surgery and drug therapy of advanced pancreatic cancer]. AB - By applying an en bloc resection of the pancreas with adjacent soft tissue, regional lymph nodes and pertinent vascular structures, a better prognosis could be made for patients with stages I or II carcinoma of the pancreas. The patients with stages III or IV of carcinoma of the pancreas could only be treated to a certain degree of effectiveness by using systemic combination chemotherapy with a very limited prognosis. Recent development of slow releasing anticancer agents would give more positive aspect for the management of persistent pains due to carcinoma of the pancreas with the absence of systemic side effect. PMID- 6223597 TI - "Acid skin" in black patients. PMID- 6223598 TI - The epidemiology of work-related skin disease in South Carolina. AB - Problems associated with occupationally related skin disease were examined by reviewing the charts of all closed cases of skin disease processed by the South Carolina Industrial Commission during the period of July 1, 1978, through June 30, 1979. During the review period, 958 cases occurred that accounted for costs of $142,925 and 2,100 days lost from work. Through the use of selected objective criteria, only 15% of these cases were defined as serious, but they accounted for 48% of all dollar costs and 96% of the total lost time. Similarly, with the use of a percentile approach to estimate severity, persons in the upper fifth percentile of cost elements were responsible for 68% of the total incurred fees and 77% of the lost time. Eighty-eight percent of all claimants said their hands were affected by their skin problem. Almost 13% of the claimants reported that their entire skin surface was involved. There was a significant clustering of cases from June through September among male claimants, but no seasonal incidence was observed in female claimants. We conclude that the identification of factors that characterize the small number of cases with disproportionate economic impact deserves greater attention and investigation. PMID- 6223599 TI - Centennial Paper. Alopecia mucinosa. Inflammatory plaques with alopecia characterized by root-sheath mucinosis. By Hermann Pinkus, M.D., Arch Dermatol 1957. AB - Six cases are presented which exhibit a peculiar type of follicular degeneration leading to alopecia and characterized by edema and the presence of mucin in the outer root sheath and sebaceous gland. This is accompanied by varying degrees of inflammation. The clinical lesions are sharply defined plaques which enlarge slowly and seem to be curable by relatively small doses of x-ray therapy. PMID- 6223600 TI - Alopecia mucinosa. Additional data in 1983. PMID- 6223601 TI - Effect of Corynebacterium parvum-mediated inhibition of lymphocyte proliferation on the effector- and suppressor-lymphocyte response in contact allergy. PMID- 6223602 TI - Propionibacteria in patients with acne vulgaris and in healthy persons. AB - A total of 375 anaerobic and microaerophilic coryneform rods, isolated from the pilosebaceous ducts of 26 healthy persons (71 strains) and from comedones (93 strains), pustules (107 strains), and the unaffected skin (104 strains) of 36 acne patients were classified according to the species key in Bergey's manual, the biotyping scheme of Pulverer and ko, the serotyping schedule of Hoffer et al., and the phage typing schedule of Jong et al. The statistical evaluation demonstrated certain differences in the frequencies of the Propionibacterium species and types between the different groups tested. Thus, the species P. granulosum was isolated only from acne patients (50.0% of patients examined) and was found more frequently in comedones and pustules than in unaffected follicles in acne patients. The majority of P. granulosum strains belonged to serotype II (95). Biotype A propionibacteria were more frequently found in strains from healthy controls (52.1% of strains) than in strains from healthy controls (52.1% of strains) than in strains from comedones (17.2%), pustules (27.1%) and unaffected skin (38.5%) of the acne patients. The results of phage-typing showed that the P. acnes lysotype I was more frequent in acne patients (total: 73.2% of strains), especially in the inflamed pustules (88.5%), than in healthy controls (55.1%). PMID- 6223603 TI - Allergic reactions, "spillover' reactions, and T-cell subsets. AB - A strong positive, allergic patch-test reaction was elicited in 15 patients with an established allergy for a particular allergen. Patches with a marginally irritating concentration of sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) were applied at fixed distances. The SLS patch situated adjacent to the allergic reaction was significantly enhanced in 12 of 15 patients (P less than 0.01) compared to more distant SLS reactions ("spillover'). Only quantitative differences were observed in the histologic pictures of the different types of reaction. The infiltrate consisted of lymphocytes and histiocytes, mainly located perivascular in the upper dermis. T-cell subsets were assessed with monoclonal antibodies using an immunoperoxidase technique. The distribution of the different T cells was the same for both reaction types. T cells located outside the perivascular infiltrates (e.g., in the epidermal vesicles) were OKT-8-positive (cytotoxic/suppressor T lymphocytes). Immunofluorescence examination did not show different patterns for the allergic or "enhanced toxic' reactions with regard to the presence of immunoglobulins and complement. The "spillover' phenomenon may cause false-positive patch-test reactions. PMID- 6223604 TI - [Hypertensive cardiopathy. Phonomechanocardiographic study and review of its physiopathological mechanisms]. AB - Sixty four patients with essential hypertension were studied by phonocardiographic systolic time intervals. Prolongation of the pre-ejection period (PEP) at expense of the isovolume contraction time and of the true isovolume contraction time, which suggests myocardial contractile depression due to the increase in after-load. The significant increase, in rise of mean velocity of ventricular pressure suggests that the Anrep phemomena is used by the human heart as a compensatory mechanism in systemic hypertension. Ejection fraction in hypertensives was significantly lower (P less than 0.001) than that of normal controls, which indicates subclinical depression of ventricular function in the former. Myocardial hypertrophy can be considered as a compensatory mechanism which appears late in systemic hypertension and helps normalize ventricular performance and MVO2. It is clinically detected by an s-4 (registered by phonocardiographic tracings) and by an increase in the "A" index and the apexcardiogram (14.5 +/- 8%). The authors conclude that hypertensive heart disease can be identified early through the functional adaptations wich produce detrimental physiopathological reactions to the heart compensated initially by homeometric autorregulation and latter by myocardial hypertrophy. PMID- 6223606 TI - Passive euthanasia. PMID- 6223607 TI - [Transluminal coronary angioplasty. Results of the multicenter study of the Working Group on Functional Cardiovascular Research of the French Society of Cardiology]. AB - A multicentre study instituted by the "Functional Cardiovascular Investigations" working group of the French Cardiac Society assembled 219 cases files of patients who had undergone attempted transluminal angioplasty for coronary artery stenosis according to Gruntzig's protocol, between August 1979 and October 1981. The stenosis was catheterised in 179 cases (81 p. 100) and a good result was obtained in 152 patients (69 p. 100). One or more complications occurred in 25 patients (11 p. 100) including one death, 16 emergency aortocoronary bypass procedures (7,3 p. 100) and 7 myocardial infarctions (3,2 p. 100). Medium term follow-up of these patients showed an incidence of restenosis of between 16 p. 100 (24 patients with angina out of the 152 primary successes) and 32 p. 100 (25 of the 77 patients controlled by coronary angiography). The results of this multicentre trial are compared to those reported by the National Heart Lung and Blood Institute. We conclude that transluminal coronary angioplasty gives a good result which is maintained (in some patients after 2 dilatations) in 60 p. 100 of cases, with, however, a risk which is not negligeable: the indications for this procedure should therefore be restricted. PMID- 6223605 TI - [Treatment of atrial fibrillation using intravenous infusion of quinidine]. AB - Quinidine gluconate was administered slowly by intravenous infusion to 20 patients with atrial fibrillation. Nineteen of them had rheumatic heart disease and the other one had Ebstein's disease. The first ten patients received 0.027 mg/kg/min during 6 hs or less if they returned to normal sinus rhythm (SR). The other ten received 0.041 mg/kg/min with the same protocol. Plasma quinidine concentrations were determined in all patients. Atrial functional refractory period was measured in five of the patients returning to normal sinus rhythm. Six patients in the first group were returned to SR. The required time of infusion was 4.2 hs. The maximal quinidine plasma level was 1.91 ug/ml. In the Second group; five patients returned to normal sinus rhythm, four of them in a mean time of 4.75 hs ofinfusion and the other one spontaneously 11 hs after the infusion was finished. The maximal quinidine plasma level in this group was 4.7 ug/ml. Side effects were observed in five patients. Diarrhea in one, vomiting in one, hypotension in two atrial flutter with 1: 1 A-V conduction in one. PMID- 6223608 TI - [Myocardial hypertrophy as a function of the degree of aortic stenosis]. PMID- 6223609 TI - [Follow-up results 5 years after aortic valve replacement with a Smeloff-Cutter prosthesis. Apropos of 200 cases]. PMID- 6223610 TI - Transfer and expression of the herbicide-degrading plasmid pJP4 in aerobic autotrophic bacteria. AB - Plasmid pJP4 encoding the ability to degrade the herbicide 2,4 dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (Tfd+) was transferred by conjugation from Escherichia coli JMP397 to various lithoautotrophic strains of Alcaligenes eutrophus and to the autotrophic bacterium Pseudomonas oxalaticus. The herbicide-degrading function of the plasmid was phenotypically expressed in all of the recipients. The majority of Tfd+ transconjugants also exhibited additional plasmid-encoded properties such as 3-chlorobenzoate degradation, resistance to mercuric ions, and sensitivity to the male-specific bacteriophage PR11. Furthermore, Tfd+ transconjugants were able to act as donors of plasmid pJP4. Physical evidence is presented by agarose gel electrophoresis showing that plasmid pJP4 coexisted with the resident plasmids widely distributed in this group of bacteria. However, in some of the hosts plasmids pJP4 was not stably maintained, had a reduced size and tended to form multimers. PMID- 6223611 TI - [Prolonged curarization in the newborn infant under assisted ventilation for idiopathic respiratory distress]. AB - We studied the effects of prolonged pancuronium administration in 10 neonates under assisted ventilation for hyaline membrane disease. Pancuronium bromide was administered from the time of intubation with a load dose of 0.1 mg/kg followed by a continuous infusion of 0.03-0.07 mg/kg/h. Tolerance, especially cardiovascular, was excellent after 72 to 525 h of therapy (mean 173 h). Oxygen needs, incidence of mechanical complications and the general evolution of idiopathic respiratory distress were not significantly affected by muscle relaxation. The benefits of systematic pancuronium administration during respiratory intensive care in neonates with hyaline membrane disease appear to be of little value when considering the necessary constraints (corneal, cutaneous, vesical and tracheal supervision). PMID- 6223612 TI - Some T-cell functions in patients with viral myocarditis. The effect of levamisole. AB - Some T-cell functions in vitro have been studied in 16 healthy persons, 8 patients with past myocarditis, without any circulatory after-effects and in 12 patients with chronic viral myocarditis. Decrease of T-suppressor cell activity and enhanced blastic transformation of lymphocytes induced with allogeneic heart antigens have been observed in patients suffering from myocarditis. In six patients with active inflammatory process of the heart muscle, application of levamisole brought about not only clinical and electrocardiographic improvement but also an increase of suppressor cells activity and diminished blastic transformation induced with the allogeneic heart antigens and a rise of the T lymphocytes percentage. PMID- 6223613 TI - Handling occupational disease claims. Common problems for attorneys and physicians. PMID- 6223614 TI - [Tetralogy of Fallot]. AB - Hearts with Fallot's tetrad from 33 children dying at the age from 14 days to 8 years were studied. Analysis of the morphological features of the defect revealed its typical anatomic signs: anteroleft shift of conic septum (oblique orientation); reorientation of the structures of inflow and outflow parts of the right ventricle infundibular pulmonary stenosis the occurrence of which may be due to all the structures and formations participating in the formation of the outflow part of the right ventricle. Four main types of stenoses were established. The most frequent cause of maximal stenosis of the blood flow through the right ventricle was demarcating muscle ring; a nonrestrictive defect of the ventricular septum (DVS). Three types of DVS in Fallot's tetrad were found: perimembranous, muscular, subarterial; dextroposition of the aorta, and right ventricular hypertrophy. PMID- 6223615 TI - Tooth size in children and young adults with trisomy 21 (Down) syndrome. AB - Mean values and variances of the mesiodistal and buccolingual dimensions of all deciduous and permanent teeth, except third molars, were compared between 147 Down syndrome and 265 control subjects. Permanent tooth dimensions were significantly smaller in the Down syndrome group and also tended to show greater variability. However, for the deciduous dentition, some dimensions were significantly larger in Down syndrome and no systematic differences in variability were noted between the groups. These findings indicate that there may be an initial transitory acceleration in mitotic activity of developing enamel organs in Down syndrome followed by the characteristic generalized retardation in growth. PMID- 6223616 TI - The role of antibody in the interaction of Salmonella and listeria with peritoneal macrophages. AB - That in vitro killing by normal and activated macrophages of S. typhimurium and other gram-negative organisms is dependent on the presence of antibody has been confirmed. It has been shown that antibody is required for the binding of S. typhimurium to the surfaces of macrophages. This binding can be inhibited by the Fc portion of immunoglobulin, indicating that the Fc receptors on macrophages are used for binding S. typhimurium. It has also been confirmed that antibody does not appear to be necessary for killing of L. monocytogenes to occur. The organisms bind to the surface of macrophages by different receptors. Binding of L. monocytogenes occurs in the absence of added antibody and Fc fragments of immunoglobulin do not affect the binding. Attachment can be inhibited, however, by removal of divalent cations, a treatment that has no effect on antibody mediated binding as, under these conditions, the binding of L. monocytogenes to macrophages can be enhanced by antibody. The significance of these findings is discussed. PMID- 6223617 TI - The acute clinical features of retrograde menstruation. AB - The acute effects of retrograde menstruation were studied by endoscopy and cytology. The findings suggest that spillage of menstrual blood into the peritoneal cavity is painful. The technique of making this diagnosis is discussed and the therapeutic implications considered. PMID- 6223618 TI - Connective tissue content and myocardial stiffness in pressure overload hypertrophy. A combined study of morphologic, morphometric, biochemical, and mechanical parameters. AB - We investigated samples of left ventricular myocardium from Goldblatt II (4 and 8 weeks after operation) and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR; 40 and 80 weeks old) by histological and morphometric methods. From the same hearts, the distensibility of the left ventricular papillary muscle was analyzed by means of resting tension curves, and the collagen content of the whole left ventricular wall was determined by means of hydroxyproline concentration. In all groups, myocardial fibrosis was observed to accompany myocardial hypertrophy. The severity of fibrotic lesions increased with the duration of hypertension, and, in late stages, degenerative changes of cardiac myocytes were found. Morphometric determinations and chemical analysis of the hydroxyproline concentration revealed a decrease in myocardial muscle content, which was paralleled by an increase in collagen content when compared to the respective controls. In general, morphometric and chemical findings correlate with increased myocardial stiffness observed during mechanical measurements in isolated papillary muscle preparations from the same hearts. Differences were found, however, between chemical analysis and mechanical measurements in the 40-week-old SHR group, which may result from different patterns of collagen distribution between interstitium, perivascular spaces, and the walls of blood vessels. The comparison between histological, morphometric, chemical, and physiological data shows that (1) cardiac hypertrophy of Goldblatt and SH-rats is accompanied by myocardial fibrosis, and (2) changes in passive elastic properties of myocardium is better reflected in morphometric than in chemical analysis. PMID- 6223619 TI - The accuracy of experimentally determined angiographic right ventricular volume. AB - The purpose of this investigation was to validate in vivo the accuracy of videoangiocardiographic right ventricular volume determination. Thus the stroke volume of the right ventricle as difference of enddiastolic and endsystolic volume was determined simultaneously (n = 70) by videoangiocardiography and with an electromagnetic flowmeter in 7 open-chested pigs with an average weight of 18.5 kg. Model volumes, calculated with the multiple slices and the area-length methods on the basis of mono- and biplane angiographic right ventricular projections, were corrected conventionally and with factors appropriate for cardiac phase and spatial orientation. The correlation between electromagnetic and angiographic stroke volume was the lowest (r = 0.802) when monoplane and highest (r = 0.949) when biplane methods were used. A systematic error could be prevented (y = -0.3 + 1.0 x; Syx = +/- 1.96 ml) by applying correction factors appropriate for cardiac phase and spatial orientation. The statistical error was independent of the correction used. The correlation coefficient for the optimal corrected monoplane method based on the lateral projection was r = 0.861 and for the ap plane r = 0.930. Right ventricular stroke volume can be determined videoangiocardiographically without systemic error and with an acceptable statistical error, if spatial orientation and cardiac phase are considered. If only monoplane equipment is available, the approjection is preferable. PMID- 6223621 TI - Localization of beta-glucan synthases on the membranes of cultured Lolium multiflorum (ryegrass) endosperm cells. AB - The distribution of beta-glucan synthases between plasma membranes and intracellular membranes of suspension-cultured Italian-ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) endosperm cells was examined. Highly purified plasma membranes prepared from protoplasts were only slightly enriched in beta-glucan synthases assayed at 10 microM- and 1 mM-UDP-glucose. Most beta-glucan synthase was associated with intracellular membranes. These membranes were fractionated on a linear sucrose density gradient and were resolved into different membrane fractions containing beta-glucan synthases. Beta-Glucan synthases assayed at 10 microM-UDP-glucose were found in a fraction banding at a density of 1.11 g . cm 3, but most of the beta-glucan synthase assayed at 1 mM-DDP-glucose was at a density of 1.04 g . cm-3. PMID- 6223620 TI - Development of collaterals. Application of external subcritical fixed constrictors in a canine model. AB - A canine model for a standardized induction of collaterals is presented with a fixed external constrictor that is not designed to induce an occlusion of the coronary artery and at least over the timespan of 6 weeks does not impair perfusion under resting conditions in the myocardium-at-risk. The coronary constriction was standardized by a reduction of the postocclusive reactive hyperemia of 50%. Flow measurements were performed by flowmeter and by radioactive microspheres acutely and after an interval of 6 weeks of constriction. The results showed an increase of the collateral flow from 21.2 +/- 11.8 ml/100 g/min-1 to 42.8 +/- 16.2 ml/100 g/min-1 (p less than 0.05). The regional perfusion exhibited a transmyocardial gradient in favour of the subepicardial layers with 49.3 +/- 25 ml/100 g/min-1 as compared to 33.1 +/- 17.3 ml/100 g/min-1 (p less than 0.05) of the endocardial layers. Reactive hyperemia, as determined by flowmeter, was decreased by 21% after 6 weeks on account of slow progression of the coronary constriction due to intimal reactions, whereas reactive hyperemia, as determined by the microsphere method, increased by 9% due to additional collateral channels. PMID- 6223622 TI - Partial purification and regulatory properties of phosphofructokinase from Aspergillus niger. AB - Phosphofructokinase (EC 2.7.1.11) from a citric acid-producing strain of Aspergillus niger was partially purified by the application of affinity chromatography on Blue Dextran--Sepharose and the use of fructose 6-phosphate and glycerol as stabilizers in the working buffer. The resulting preparation was still impure, but free of enzyme activities interfering with kinetic investigations. Kinetic studies showed that the enzyme exhibits high co operativity with fructose 6-phosphate, but shows Michaelis--Menten kinetics with ATP, which inhibits at concentrations higher than those for maximal activity. Citrate and phosphoenolpyruvate inhibit the enzyme; citrate increases the substrate (fructose 6-phosphate) concentration for half-maximal velocity, [S]0.5, and the Hill coefficient, h. The inhibition by citrate is counteracted by NH4+, AMP and phosphate. Among univalent cations tested only NH4+ activates by decreasing the [S]0.5 for fructose 6-phosphate and h, but has no effect on Vmax. AMP and ADP activate at low and inhibit at high concentrations of fructose 6 phosphate, thereby decreasing the [S]0.5 for fructose 6-phosphate. Phosphate has no effect in the absence of citrate. The results indicate that phosphofructokinase from A. niger is a distinct species of this enzyme, with some properties similar to those of the yeast enzyme and in some other properties resembling the mammalian enzyme. The results of determinations of activity at substrate and effector concentrations resembling the conditions that occur in vivo support the hypothesis that the apparent insensitivity of the enzyme to citrate during the accumulation of citric acid in the fungus is due to counteraction of citrate inhibition by NH4+. PMID- 6223623 TI - Purification and properties of Cellvibrio gilvus cellobiose phosphorylase. AB - The cellobiose phosphorylase (EC 2.4.1.20) of Cellvibrio gilvus, which is an endocellular enzyme, has been purified 196-fold with a recovery of 11% and a specific activity of 27.4 mumol of glucose 1-phosphate formed/min per mg of protein. The purification procedure includes fractionation with protamine sulphate, and hydroxyapatite and DEAE-Sephadex A-50 chromatography. The enzyme appears homogeneous on polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis, and a molecular weight of 280 000 was determined by molecular-sieve chromatography. Sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis revealed a single band and mol.wt. 72 000, indicating that cellobiose phosphorylase consists of four subunits. The enzyme had a specificity for cellobiose, requiring Pi and Mg2+ for phosphorylation, but not for cellodextrin, gentibiose, laminaribiose, lactose, maltose, kojibiose and sucrose. The enzyme showed low thermostability, an optimum pH of 7.6 and a high stability in the presence of 2-mercaptoethanol or dithiothreitol. The Km values for cellobiose and Pi were 1.25 mM and 0.77 mM respectively. Nojirimycin acted as a powerful pure competitive inhibitor (with respect to cellobiose) of the enzyme (Ki = 45 microM). Addition of thiol-blocking agents to the enzyme caused 56% inhibition at 500 microM-N-ethylmaleimide and 100% at 20 microM-p-chloromercuribenzoate. PMID- 6223624 TI - Purification of human vitamin K-dependent protein S and its limited proteolysis by thrombin. AB - Vitamin K-dependent protein S exists in two forms in human plasma, namely as the free protein and in complex with C4b-binding protein [Dahlback & Stenflo (1981) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 78, 2512-2516]. Now reported is a simple purification procedure for human protein S that includes barium citrate adsorption, DEAE-Sephacel chromatography and chromatography on Blue Sepharose. The yield was approx. 30% relative to the concentration of free protein S in plasma, which was found to be approx. 10 mg/l. Purified protein S migrated as a single-chain band on sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis under non-reducing conditions and as a doublet of Mr approx. 85 000 and 75 000 on reduction. A third band of Mr 16 000 was observed after electrophoresis of 125I labelled protein S and radioautography of reduced samples. This band appears to be disulphide-linked to the 75 000-Mr chain before reduction. Thrombin converted the 85 000-Mr chain of protein S into a 75 000-Mr chain and an 8000-Mr fragment, the latter again being detectable only by radioautography of reduced samples. The 16 000-Mr fragment was not observed, suggesting its degradation by thrombin. Under non-reducing conditions, no change in apparent molecular weight of thrombin treated protein S was observed, indicating disulphide linkage of the fragments. Thrombin also affected the mobility of protein S on agarose-gel electrophoresis in the presence of Ca2+, suggesting a decreased affinity to Ca2+ of the cleaved form of protein S as compared with the undegraded molecule. After activation of the complement system in human serum, protein S was found to be a constituent part of the complex formed by C4b-binding protein and component C4b. PMID- 6223625 TI - Purification of human C4b-binding protein and formation of its complex with vitamin K-dependent protein S. AB - C4b-binding protein was purified from human plasma in high yield by a simple procedure involving barium citrate adsorption and two subsequent chromatographic steps. Approx. 80% of plasma C4b-binding protein was adsorbed on the barium citrate, presumably because of its complex-formation with vitamin K-dependent protein S. The purified C4b-binding protein had a molecular weight of 570 000, as determined by ultracentrifugation, and was composed of about eight subunits (Mr approx. 70 000). Uncomplexed plasma C4b-binding protein was purified from the supernatant after barium citrate adsorption. On sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis in non-reducing conditions and on agarose-gel electrophoresis it appeared as a doublet, indicating two forms differing slightly from each other in molecular weight and net charge. The protein band with the higher molecular weight in the doublet corresponded to the C4b-binding protein purified from the barium citrate eluate. Complex-formation between protein S and C4b-binding protein was studied in plasma, and in a system with purified components, by an agarose-gel electrophoresis technique. Protein S was found to form a 1:1 complex with the higher-molecular-weight form of C4b binding protein, whereas the lower-molecular-weight form of C4b-binding protein did not bind protein S. The KD for the C4b-binding protein-protein S interaction in a system with purified components was approx. 0.9 X 10(-7) M. Rates of association and dissociation at 37 degrees C were low, namely about 1 X 10(3) M-1 . S-1 and 1.8 X 10(-4)-4.5 X 10(-4) S-1 respectively. In human plasma free protein S and free higher-molecular-weight C4b-binding protein were in equilibrium with the C4b-binding protein-protein S complex. Approx. 40% of both proteins existed as free proteins. From equilibrium data in plasma a KD of about 0.7 X 10(-7) M was calculated for the C4b-binding protein-protein S interaction. PMID- 6223626 TI - Degradation of human complement component C4b in the presence of the C4b-binding protein-protein S complex. AB - Vitamin K-dependent protein S and the higher-molecular-weight form of C4b-binding protein (C4bp-high) interact, forming a 1:1 complex with a KD of approx. 1 X 10( 7) M [Dahlback (1983) Biochem. J. 209, 847-856]. In the present study the effect of protein S on the degradation of C4b by Factor I (C3b inactivator) and C4bp was investigated both in fluid phase and on cell surfaces, with the use of highly purified components. Fluid-phase degradation of C4b was monitored on sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide-slab-gel electrophoresis, and the effect on surface-bound C4b was estimated by haemolytic assay. No effect of protein S could be demonstrated in any of the systems used. Thus, although bound to C4bp, protein S is neither involved in, nor does it affect, the interaction between C4bp and C4b. This indicates that the binding sites on the C4bp molecule for protein S and for C4b are independent and different. PMID- 6223627 TI - A kinetic study of the interaction between mitochondrial F1 adenosine triphosphatase and adenylyl imidodiphosphate and guanylyl imidodiphosphate. AB - 1. The presence of 5'-adenylyl imidodiphosphate, a non-hydrolysable analogue of ATP, in the solution used to assay the soluble bovine heart mitochondrial F1 ATPase produced slow competitive inhibition. If the enzyme was preincubated with the inhibitor before the substrate, MgATP, was added, a partial re-activation was obtained. 2. The slow inhibitory process showed first-order rate kinetics, and therefore it seems likely that a conformational change of the enzyme occurs following a faster binding process. A reaction scheme is suggested. At pH 7.8 the rate constant for the inhibition reaction was calculated to be 6.7 X 10(-2)s-1 and that for the re-activation 3.8 X 10(-3)s-1, with Keq. 17.6, indicating that the inhibited enzyme-inhibitor complex will be favoured over the non-inhibited enzyme-inhibitor complex. 3. The presence of 5'-guanylyl imidodiphosphate in the solution used to assay F1-ATPase produced rapid competitive inhibition, which was then slowly reversed until a steady state was reached. This might be explained by a rapid but reversible shift of the inhibition pathway induced by this non hydrolysable analogue of ATP. A complex rate constant for the displacement of the inhibitor by the substrate of 7.6 X 10(-3)s-1 was calculated. 4. The results are discussed in the light of other recent observations about binding of 5'-adenylyl imidodiphosphate to F1-ATPase and with reference to the binding-site-change mechanism of hydrolysis of ATP by F1-ATPase. PMID- 6223628 TI - Inhibition by cyanate of the processing of lysosomal enzymes. AB - In cultured human fibroblasts, maturation of the lysosomal enzymes beta hexosaminidase and cathepsin D is inhibited by 10 mM-potassium cyanate. In cells treated with cyanate the two enzymes accumulate in precursor forms. The location of the accumulated precursor is probably non-lysosomal; in fractionation experiments the precursors separate from the bulk of the beta-hexosaminidase activity. The secretion of the precursor of cathepsin D, but not that of beta hexosaminidase precursor, is enhanced in the presence of cyanate. The secreted cathepsin D, as well as that remaining within the cells, contains mostly high mannose oligosaccharides cleavable with endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase H. After removal of cyanate, the accumulated precursor forms of the lysosomal enzymes are largely released from the pretreated cells. It is concluded that cyanate interferes with the maturation of lysosomal-enzyme precursors by perturbing their intracellular transport. Most probably cyanate affects certain functions of the Golgi apparatus. PMID- 6223629 TI - Concanavalin A causes an increase in sodium permeability and intracellular sodium content of pig lymphocytes. AB - 1. The 3mV depolarization of pig lymphocytes observed within 2 1/2 min of treatment with concanavalin A [Felber & Brand (1983) Biochem. J. 210, 885-891] is dependent on the presence of high extracellular [Na+]. 2. The concanavalin A induced changes in membrane potential at high and low extracellular [Na+] are quantitatively explained by an increase in the electrogenic permeability coefficient for Na+ (PNa). This rises from a negligible value in resting cells to around 4% of the permeability coefficient for K+ or Cl- in stimulated cells. 3. Concanavalin A induces a 4mM increase in the Na+ content of pig lymphocytes. This increase in intracellular [Na+] is not due solely to stimulation of electrogenic Na+ influx resulting from the rise in PNa. 4. Thus concanavalin A stimulates both an electrogenic pathway for Na+ influx, resulting in a small depolarization of the plasma membrane, and a non-electrogenic Na+ influx pathway, resulting in a rise in intracellular [Na+]. PMID- 6223630 TI - Crayfish abdominal muscle adenylate cyclase. Studies on the stimulation by a Ca2+ binding protein. AB - A plasma-membrane preparation of crayfish muscle showed an adenylate cyclase activity which is inhibited to about 80% of its original activity by 100 microM EGTA. Measurements of the enzyme activity in the presence of 100 microM-EGTA and various concentrations of Ca2+ revealed an increase in enzyme activity of about 400%, indicating an adenylate cyclase which is dependent on Ca2+ for activity. Fluphenazine (1 mM), a blocker of the Ca2+-binding protein calmodulin, decreased enzyme activity to zero. The enzyme can be re-activated by the addition of certain concentrations of calmodulin to the assay medium. This suggests that crayfish muscle adenylate cyclase is dependent on Ca2+ and calmodulin for activity. PMID- 6223631 TI - The isolation and characterization of phosphofructokinase from the epithelial cells of rat small intestine. AB - 1. Only a single phosphofructokinase isoenzyme is present in the mucosa of rat small intestine. 2. Mucosal phosphofructokinase was purified to yield a homogeneous preparation of specific activity 175 units/mg of protein. 3. The native enzyme is a tetramer, with monomer Mr 84 500 +/- 5000. 4. The native enzyme may be degraded by the action of endogenous proteinases to give two products with the same specific activity as the native enzyme: degradation occurs in the order native enzyme leads to proteolytic product 1 leads to proteolytic product 2. 5. Proteolytic product 1 has a greater mobility in cellulose acetate electrophoresis at pH8 and binds more strongly to DEAE-cellulose than does native enzyme; the converse is true for proteolytic product 2. 6. Proteolytic product 1 is a tetramer with a monomer Mr about 74 300; proteolytic product 2 is also a tetramer. 7. Native enzyme can only be prepared in the presence of proteinase inhibitors; partial purifications based on simple fractionation of crude mucosal extracts in the absence of proteinases inhibitors contain proteolytic product 2 as the main component and proteolytic product 1 together with little native enzyme. 8. Purified native mucosal phosphofructokinase displayed little co operativity with respect to fructose 6-phosphate at pH 7.0 and was only weakly inhibited by ATP. PMID- 6223632 TI - Interrelationships in trace-element metabolism in metal toxicities in nickel resistant strains of Neurospora crassa. AB - Three different Ni2+-resistant strains of Neurospora crassa (NiR1, NiR2 and NiR3) have been isolated. All are stable mutants and are fourfold more resistant to Ni2+ than the parent wild-type strain. NiR1 and NiR2 are also sixfold more resistant to Co2+, whereas NiR3 is only twice as resistant to Co2+; the former two are also twofold more resistant to Zn2+, but NiR3 is not. These three strains also differ in sensitivity to Cu2+. Toxicities and concomitant accumulation patterns of Ni2+, Co2+ and Cu2+ have been examined in these strains. NiR1 and NiR2, despite quantitative individual differences, generally accumulate very high amounts of Ni2+ and Co2+, and Mg2+ reverses the toxicities of these two ions by different mechanisms; Ni2+ uptake is suppressed, but not that of Co2+. In NiR3, Mg2+ controls uptake of both Ni2+ and Co2+. Studies indicate that two kinds of Ni2+-resistant strains of N. crassa exist; one kind is resistant because it can tolerate high intracellular concentrations of heavy-metal ions, whereas the other is resistant because it can control metal-ion accumulation. PMID- 6223633 TI - Neocarzinostatin chromophore: presence of a highly strained ether ring and its reaction with mercaptan and sodium borohydride. AB - Spectroscopic evidence suggests the presence of a highly strained ether ring (Fig. 1) (possibly an epoxide) in the C12-subunit of the previously determined partial structure 2a (Fig. 2) of the major neocarzinostatin chromophore (NCS Chrom A) which completes assignment of all the oxygens in the molecule. The main product from mercaptan treatment suggests opening of the ether ring involving the addition of one molecule of mercaptan as well as reduction of the C12 substructure, whereas a parallel two-step reduction occurs on NaBH4 treatment. Both reactions occur with rearrangement of the C12-substructure and the implication for the mechanism of action of NCS-Chrom A in DNA strand scission activity is discussed. The evidence suggests a downward revision of the molecular formula for NCS-Chrom A as well as minor components B and C by two protons. PMID- 6223634 TI - The role of fructose 2,6-bisphosphate in the long-term control of phosphofructokinase in rat liver. AB - The phosphofructokinase stabilizing factor, believed to be a peptide of molecular weight 3,800 (Dunaway G.A. and Segal H.L., 1976, J. Biol. Chem. 251, 2323-2329), shares many chemical and biological properties with fructose 2,6-bisphosphate. It co-migrated with it upon gel filtration in the molecular weight range 300-400 or 3,000-4,000 depending upon the ionic strength of the solution. Fructose 2,6 bisphosphate is the most potent phosphofructokinase stabilizing agent present in the liver of a fed rat. Its disappearance during fasting and diabetes could account for the faster rate of degradation of phosphofructokinase reported to occur under these conditions. The effect of starvation to decrease by 60% the phosphofructokinase content of the liver is, however, for its greatest part, related to a non-specific decrease in liver mass. PMID- 6223635 TI - Inhibition of synexin activity and exocytosis from chromaffin cells by phenothiazine drugs. AB - Synexin activity was found to be inhibited by low concentrations of the phenothiazine drugs, trifluoperazine and promethazine. Both drugs were also similarly effective at blocking nicotine and veratridine-induced catecholamine secretion from cultured chromaffin cells. These data thus indicate that synexin may be a target of phenothiazine drugs when they block secretion from chromaffin cells. PMID- 6223636 TI - Rat heart mitochondria release adenosine. AB - Isolated rat heart mitochondria release adenosine under specific conditions. Lowest adenosine release occurs at 4 degrees C while highest release occurs in the presence of pyruvate + malate or rotenone at 30 degrees C. The release is attenuated during state 3 respiration, in the presence of atractyloside or in the presence of 1799. Oligomycin only partially decreases adenosine release. Release is unaffected by 200 microM Ca++ and is independent of oxygen concentration as low as 2 microM. The data are consistent with the hypothesis that adenosine is released from mitochondria via the adenine nucleotide transporter and the release is regulated by the intramitochondrial ATP to ADP ratio. PMID- 6223637 TI - Protection from DNA damage during an ischemic cell injury. AB - During an ischemic cell injury, cellular NAD levels are lowered and DNA is damaged in a manner similar to other types of injury. Nicotinic acid given to an animal prior to the ischemic insult, caused very little change in the NAD levels but minimized the DNA damage of the injury. This protection is eliminated by 3 aminobenzamide which indicates a possible involvement of poly (ADP-ribose) synthetase in the process. PMID- 6223638 TI - 5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) transport in Down's syndrome blood platelets: effect of K+ loading. PMID- 6223639 TI - Biliverdin reductase: characterization in the rat kidney and the inhibition of activity by mercuric chloride. AB - The effects of metal ions on the activities of biliverdin reductase in the rat kidney and liver were examined; the pH optimum and the cofactor requirement for the enzyme activity in the kidney were also studied. The reduction of biliverdin IX alpha by biliverdin reductase in the rat kidney cytosol fraction could be supported by NADPH and NADH. The activity was optimal around pH 8.7 when NADPH was the cofactor. The activity with NADH was undetectable at this pH. NADH dependent biliverdin reductase was optimal at pH 7.0, where the NADPH-dependent activity was negligible. Biliverdin reductase activity was not inducible in the kidney or liver in response to treatment of rats with metal ions--Co2+, Ni2+, Pb2+, Sn2+, Zn2+, Cd2+, and Cu2+ or sodium selenite. Rather, both NADPH- and NADH dependent activities in the kidney were decreased markedly in a time- and dose related manner following the administration of HgCl2 (10-30 mumoles/kg, 24 hr). The pretreatment of rats (30 min) with sodium selenite (5 mumoles/kg) effectively blocked the Hg2+ (20 mumoles/kg, 24 hr) inhibition of the kidney cytosol biliverdin reductase activity. Similarly, in vitro Hg2+ was an effective inhibitor of the kidney biliverdin reductase. In addition, highly purified biliverdin reductase also was extremely sensitive to Hg2+ and the thiol reagent, 5,5'-dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid). The inhibition of purified reductase by 5,5'-dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid), but not by Hg2+, could be reversed by dithiothreitol. PMID- 6223640 TI - Effect of mercuric chloride on cultured rat fibroblasts: survival, protein biosynthesis and binding of mercury to chromatin. PMID- 6223641 TI - Altered thymidylate synthetase in 5-fluorodeoxyuridine-resistant Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells. AB - Thymidylate synthetase from 5-fluorodeoxyuridine-resistant Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells was purified to a state close to electrophoretical homogeneity (sp. act. = 1.3 mumoles/min/mg protein) and studied in parallel with the homogeneous preparation of the enzyme from the parental Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells. The enzyme from the resistant cells compared to that from the parental cells showed: (i) a higher turnover number (at least 91 against 31 min-1), (ii) a higher inhibition constant (19 against 1.9 nM) for FdUMP (a tight-binding inhibitor of both enzymes), (iii) a lower activation energy at temps above 36 degrees (1.37 against 2.59 kcal/mole), and (iv) a lower inhibition constant (26 against 108 microM) for dTMP, inhibiting both enzymes competitively vs dUMP. PMID- 6223642 TI - Effects of microwave exposure on the hamster immune system. II. Peritoneal macrophage function. AB - Acute exposure to hamsters to microwave energy (2.45 GHz; 25 mW/cm2 for 60 min) resulted in activation of peritoneal macrophages that were significantly more viricidal to vaccinia virus as compared to sham-exposed or normal (minimum handling) controls. Macrophages from microwave-exposed hamsters became activated as early as 6 h after exposure and remained activated for up to 12 days. The activation of macrophages by microwave exposure paralleled the macrophage activation after vaccinia virus immunization. Activated macrophages from vaccinia immunized hamsters did not differ in their viricidal activity when the hamsters were microwave- or sham-exposed. Exposure for 60 min at 15 mW/cm2 did not activate the macrophages while 40 mW/cm2 exposure was harmful to some hamsters. Average maximum core temperatures in the exposed (25 mW/cm2) and sham groups were 40.5 degrees C (+/- 0.35 SD) and 38.4 degrees C (+/- 0.5 SD), respectively. In vitro heating of macrophages to 40.5 degrees C was not as effective as in vivo microwave exposure in activating macrophages to the viricidal state. Macrophages from normal, sham-exposed, and microwave-exposed hamsters were not morphologically different, and they all phagocytosed India ink particles. Moreover, immune macrophage cytotoxicity for virus-infected or noninfected target cells was not suppressed in the microwave-irradiated group (25 mW/cm2, 1 h) as compared to sham-exposed controls, indicating that peritoneal macrophages were not functionally suppressed or injured by microwave hyperthermia. PMID- 6223643 TI - Suppressor cell function and T lymphocyte subpopulations in peripheral blood of patients with progressive systemic sclerosis. AB - Three different in vitro assays--immunofluorescence with monoclonal anti-T cell reagents, enumeration of T gamma cells, and nonspecific suppressor cell function- were used for the analysis of suppressor lymphocytes in the circulation of 28 patients with progressive systemic sclerosis (PSS, scleroderma) and 20 normal individuals. Both OKT8+ and T gamma lymphocytes were significantly reduced (P less than 0.001 and P less than 0.02, respectively) in patients with PSS compared with controls. The OKT4/OKT8 ratio was increased (P less than 0.02). However, the mean suppressor cell index (SCI) of 1.9 (range 0.4-6.6) for patients with PSS was not significantly different (P greater than 0.05) from the SCI of 2.9 (range 1.2 14) for controls. Eleven of the patients had depressed suppressor cell function as indicated by the index value of less than 1.2. In only 5 of these patients, simultaneously measured T gamma and OKT8+ cells were reduced and OKT4+ lymphocytes were concomitantly increased. There were no significant correlations between the numbers of T gamma or OKT8+ cells and the SCI in patients and controls. Neither depressed suppressor cell function nor the OKT4+/OKT8+ ratio greater than 4.2 (greater than 2 SD of normal) in the patients could be related to other immunologic findings, to disease duration and severity, or to involvement of internal organs. These results suggest that depressed suppressor cell activity and immunoregulatory T cell imbalance in PSS may not be directly related to the pathogenesis of the disease. PMID- 6223644 TI - Social and economic impacts of four musculoskeletal conditions. A study using national community-based data. AB - The present study uses data from a national, community-based survey to compare the social impact of and medical care use due to 4 musculoskeletal conditions: rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, lower back pain, and tendinitis. The study also compares the impacts experienced by persons with these conditions with those experienced by a sample of persons having a broader range of musculoskeletal conditions, and by an age-adjusted sample representing the entire U.S. population. Rheumatoid arthritis leads to the most frequent use of physician services; lower back pain results in the most hospitalizations and surgery. Rheumatoid arthritis also causes the most restriction in activity. We found that as a broad group, persons with musculoskeletal disease experience about the same amount of restriction in activity and use about the same amount of medical care as U.S. citizens as a whole. This study demonstrates that health planning on the basis of specific musculoskeletal conditions is necessary to serve the disparate needs of persons with particular, discrete conditions. PMID- 6223645 TI - [Antibacterial activity of the combination of cefoperazone piperacillin]. AB - The effect of the combination cefoperazone plus piperacillin was tested against 131 clinical isolates of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria by checkerboard titration and by determining the serum bactericidal activity. The interaction was synergistic against 9% of the strains in vitro and partially synergistic against 48%. In the serum bactericidal tests bactericidal titers higher than 1:8 were obtained with the combination one hour after administration. No antagonism was observed either in the in vitro tests or in tests of serum bactericidal activity. PMID- 6223646 TI - Desogestrel, a new progestational compound, and the liver. AB - The short- and long-term effects on the liver of oral contraceptive preparations containing the new progestational compound 13-ethyl-11-methylene-18,19-dinor-17 alpha-pregn-4-en-20-yn-17-ol (desogestrel) and ethinylestradiol (EE) were studied in multicentre efficacy trials. The following combinations (desogestrel/EE content per daily tablet in micrograms) were investigated: 150/30, 125/50, 100/50 and 75/50, to be taken once daily for 21 days, and a normophasic preparation containing 7 tablets with 50 micrograms EE and 15 tablets containing 125 micrograms desogestrel and 50 micrograms EE. Liver function parameters (SGOT, SGPT, alkaline phosphatase and total bilirubin) were monitored in the serum of 1856 women for periods of up to 36 treatment cycles. The incidence of values (single and combined) above the upper normal limits before treatment was 3.3%. A combination of values above upper normal limits before treatment was observed in 31 women (1.6%). In practically all cases values normalized during treatment; no deterioration was observed. During treatment a combination of values above the upper normal limits was observed in 30 women (having normal pretreatment values); they were distributed over the various preparations and unrelated to the period of contraceptive treatment. The values normalized in the majority of women during the course of treatment. This study shows that with oral contraceptive combinations containing desogestrel and EE (30 or 50 micrograms) liver function is not affected. PMID- 6223647 TI - Electrocardiogram of the month--(patent ductus with pulmonary stenosis). PMID- 6223648 TI - [Primary health care in urban and rural zones of developing countries: similarities and differences]. PMID- 6223649 TI - [Basic sanitation habits in a suburban population. A study of Vina del Mar, Chile]. PMID- 6223651 TI - Comparison of nebulized salbutamol with nebulized ipratropium bromide in acute asthma. AB - Twelve patients admitted to hospital with an acute attack of bronchial asthma were studied. Six were treated initially with nebulized salbutamol solution by inhalation and 1 hour later by ipratropium bromide given in the same way; the other six were treated first with ipratropium bromide and 1 hour later by salbutamol. Ipratropium bromide was shown to be as effective as salbutamol when used as the initial bronchodilator but salbutamol produced significant further improvement when given 1 hour after ipratropium. PMID- 6223650 TI - Retention and photodynamic effects of haematoporphyrin derivative in cells after prolonged cultivation in the presence of porphyrin. AB - Photoradiation therapy of cancer in the presence of haematoporphyrin derivative is based on a retention of porphyrin in malignant tissue. After long term incubation of NHIK 3025 cells in the presence of 25 microgram ml-1 haematoporphyrin derivative, one fraction is easily removed from the cells by washing with a serum-rich medium. Another fraction remains bound to the cells for a prolonged time. The former does not contribute to the photosensitivity of the cells while the latter, the tightly-bound component, results in a photosensitivity proportional to the cellular contents of porphyrin. Transformed cells are shown to be slightly more sensitive and to retain 25-50% more haematoporphyrin derivative than non-transformed cells. Cytological effects of light absorbed by the tightly-bound component have been studied. The growth of treated cells is similar to that of control cells after a dose-dependent post irradiation lag period. A relatively slow leakage of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) out of the cells takes place after treatment. The treatment induces a significant increase in the frequency of sister chromatid exchanges (SCE). We conclude that photoactivation of the tightly-bound fraction of haematoporphyrin derivative induces less damage to the outer cell membrane and probably more intracellular damage than irradiation of cells after a short period in contact with the derivative. PMID- 6223652 TI - Enhanced comedo formation in rabbit ear skin by squalene and oleic acid peroxides. AB - The comedogenicity of UVA-irradiated and non-irradiated substances (squalene, oleic acid, tetradecane, isopropyl myristate, squalane and liquid paraffin) was evaluated by surface microscopy and histological examination after treating the ventral skin of rabbit ears with these substances. The lipid peroxide levels of these substances were also measured. Squalene itself was scarcely comedogenic but squalene peroxides were highly comedogenic. Both oleic acid and its peroxides were able to induce fairly large comedones and there was a good correlation between the lipid peroxide levels and the size of the comedones. The specimens biopsied from these comedones showed marked hyperplasia and hyperkeratosis of the epithelium in the follicular infundibulum and marked proliferation of the sebaceous glands. Although free fatty acids might play a role in the pathogenesis of acne, it is proposed that squalene and free fatty acids in sebum may be less comedogenic than their peroxides. PMID- 6223653 TI - Lymphocyte subpopulations in patients with acne vulgaris. AB - T- and B-lymphocyte subpopulations were measured in the peripheral blood of patients with varying severity of acne and in acne-free control subjects. Increased severity of acne correlated with an increased number of T lymphocytes, helper T cells and B cells, while the number of suppressor T cells remained normal and did not alter significantly. This evidence suggests that there is no lack of regulation of the immune response in acne patients. PMID- 6223654 TI - Oral psoralen photochemotherapy (PUVA) of hyperkeratotic dermatitis of the palms. AB - Oral psoralen photochemotherapy (PUVA) was found to be effective in five patients with chronic hyperkeratotic dermatitis of the palms. Relapses may occur but they respond well to retreatment. PMID- 6223655 TI - Evidence against enhanced platelet activity in sickle cell anaemia. AB - Although numerous studies have provided indirect evidence for enhanced platelet activity in sickle cell anaemia, little attention has been directed to examination of platelet alpha and dense granule release in the sickling disorders. We simultaneously measured by radioimmunoassay plasma levels of the alpha granule constituents beta-thromboglobulin (beta-TG) and platelet factor 4 (PF4) in 43 children with sickle cell anaemia in steady state and 24 patients during severe vaso-occlusive crisis. beta-TG levels during steady state (50 +/- 3.6 ng/ml, mean +/- SEM) were greater (P less than 0.001) than in normal controls (36 +/- 1.6), but there was no additional significant rise during crisis (55 +/- 5.9). PF4 levels were similar (P = 0.12) in both steady state (10 +/- 1.2 ng/ml) and crisis (9.3 +/- 2.3) to those of normal controls (6.0 +/- 0.8). The similarity of beta-TG/PF4 ratios in normal and sickle cell anaemia patients as well as the positive correlation (P less than 0.05) between platelet count and beta-TG and PF4 suggested that an artefactual in vitro platelet activation was responsible for some of the observed increased beta-TG and PF4 levels. Further evidence against enhanced platelet activity in these sickle cell patients included normal intraplatelet content of the dense granule constituent 5-HT and a normal ATP/ADP ratio. From this data we conclude that platelet activation in children with sickle cell anaemia appears minimal. PMID- 6223657 TI - Scanning electron microscopic study of Dacron degradation by ocular tissue extracts. AB - A scanning electron microscopic study showed that the surface of Dacron thread became significantly roughened after treatment with bovine iris-ciliary body extracts. The Dacron-degrading factor in the extract was nondialysable, heat labile, and active at an acidic pH, suggesting that lysosomal enzymes may be a factor in this phenomenon. Bovine extracts from the iris, ciliary body, and sensory retina degraded the surface of Dacron most substantially, while the Dacron surface was moderately digested by extracts from the cornea and retinal pigment epithelium. Lenticular and choroidal extracts did not affect the Dacron surface. Possibly the factor that degrades Dacron may be different from that which affects nylon, and the Dacron suture may not be preferable for corneal surgery. PMID- 6223658 TI - Investigation of binding between recA protein and single-stranded polynucleotides with the aid of a fluorescent deoxyribonucleic acid derivative. AB - The availability of epsilon DNA, a fluorescent ssDNA derivative, has made it possible to examine quantitatively the interactions between recA protein and single-stranded polynucleotides. Fluorescence titrations of epsilon DNA with recA protein and vice versa establish that each recA protein monomer covers 5.5 epsilon DNA nucleotides and that the dissociation constant of the recA-epsilon DNA complex is 10 nM. Fluorescence titrations of recA protein-epsilon DNA mixtures with poly(dT) establish that each recA protein monomer covers 5.1 poly(dT) nucleotides and that the dissociation constant of the recA-poly(dT) complex is 0.03 nM. Observations on how the addition of ssDNA affects the fluorescence of recA protein-epsilon DNA mixtures establish that the dissociation constant of the recA-ssDNA complex exceeds 20 microM. Stopped-flow kinetics in which excess recA protein binds to epsilon DNA indicate that k2 = 6 X 10(6) M-1 s 1 for the process. A more approximate kinetic technique indicates that recA protein binds to epsilon DNA at least one-tenth as fast as to poly(dT); the rate constant for dissociation of recA-epsilon DNA exceeds that for recA-poly(dT) by at least 30-fold. epsilon DNA is proven to be a versatile reagent for studying single-stranded polynucleotide-protein interactions. Not only can its own complexes with protein be investigated but also, under suitable circumstances, it can be used as a fluorescent probe to explore complexes incorporating nonfluorescent polynucleotides. PMID- 6223656 TI - Allergic contact dermatitis due to urethane acrylate in ultraviolet cured inks. AB - Seven workers exposed to ultraviolet printing inks developed contact dermatitis. Six cases were allergic and one irritant. A urethane acrylate resin accounted for five cases of sensitisation, one of which was also sensitive to pentaerythritol triacrylate and another also to an epoxy acrylate resin. One instance of allergy to trimethylpropane triacrylate accounted for the sixth case of contact dermatitis in this group of workers. An irritant reaction is presumed to account for the dermatitis in the individual not proved to have cutaneous allergy by patch tests. In this instance trimethylpropane triacrylate was thought to be the most likely irritating agent. Laboratory investigation proved urethane acrylate to be an allergen. The results of investigations of the sensitisation potentials of urethane acrylate, methylmethacrylate, epoxy acrylate resins, toluene-2,4 diisocyanate, and other multifunctional acrylic monomers in the albino guinea pig are presented. The interpretation of such predictive tests is discussed. PMID- 6223659 TI - Adenosine 5'-triphosphate modulation of catalytic intermediates of calcium ion activated adenosinetriphosphatase of sarcoplasmic reticulum subsequent to enzyme phosphorylation. PMID- 6223660 TI - Interaction of F1-ATPase, from ox heart mitochondria with its naturally occurring inhibitor protein. Studies using radio-iodinated inhibitor protein. AB - The ox heart mitochondrial inhibitor protein may be iodinated with up to 0.8 mol 125I per mol inhibitor with no loss of inhibitory activity, with no change in binding affinity to submitochondrial particles, and without alteration in the response of membrane-bound inhibitor to energisation. Tryptic peptide maps reveal a single labelled peptide, consistent with modification of the single tyrosine residue of the protein. A single type of high-affinity binding site (Kd=96 . 10 ( 9)M) for the inhibitor protein has been measured in submitochondrial particles. The concentration of this site is proportional to the amount of membrane-bound F1, and there appears to be one such site per F1 molecule. The ATp hydrolytic activity of submitochondrial particles is inversely proportional to the occupancy of the high-affinity binding site for the inhibitor protein. No evidence is found for a non-inhibitory binding site on the membrane or on other mitochondrial proteins. In intact mitochondria from bovine heart, the inhibitor protein is present in an approx. 1:1 ratio with F1. Submitochondrial particles prepared by sonication of these mitochondria with MgATP contain about 0.75 mol inhibitor protein per mol F1, and show about 25% of the ATPase activity of inhibitor-free submitochondrial particles. Additional inhibitor protein can be bound to these particles to a level of 0.2 mol/mol F1, with consequent loss of ATPase activity. If MgATP is omitted from the medium, or inhibitors of ATP hydrolysis are present, the rate of combination between F1 and its inhibitor protein is very much reduced. The equilibrium level of binding is, however, unaltered. These results suggest the presence of a single, high-affinity, inhibitory binding site for inhibitor protein on membrane-bound F1. The energisation of coupled submitochondrial particles by succinate oxidation or by ATP hydrolysis results in both the dissociation of inhibitor protein into solution, and the activation of ATP hydrolysis. At least 80% of the membrane-bound F1-inhibitor complex responds to this energisation by participating in a new equilibrium between bound and free inhibitor protein. This finding suggests that a delocalised energy pool is important in promoting inhibitor protein release from F1. Dissipation of the electrochemical gradient by uncouplers, or the binding of oligomycin or efrapetin effectively blocks energised release of the inhibitor protein. Conversely, the addition of aurovertin or adenosine 5'--[beta, lambda--imido]triphosphate enhances energy-driven release. The mode of action of various inhibitors on binding and energised release of the protein inhibitor is discussed. PMID- 6223661 TI - The influence of sodium trichloroacetate on the tryptophan fluorescence of sarcoplasmic reticulum ATPase. AB - The chaotropic anion trichloroacetate quenches the tryptophan fluorescence of the sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium transport ATPase. Half-maximum quenching was observed at 50 mM trichloroacetate. In contrast to native preparations, in trichloroacetate-treated sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles a decrease of the tryptophan fluorescence is observed on addition of millimolar concentrations of calcium. It is concluded that trichloroacetate renders the tryptophan fluorescence of the ATPase sensitive to the occupancy of its low-affinity sites. PMID- 6223662 TI - Comparison of protein and lipid composition of the human platelet alpha-granule membranes and glycerol lysis membranes. AB - Platelet glycerol lysis membranes and alpha-granule membranes were compared with respect to protein and lipid composition. Crossed immunoelectrophoresis using antibodies against whole platelets, and sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, revealed the presence of the glycoproteins IIb and IIIa, myosin and an antigen termed G4 in both membrane fractions. The glycoproteins Ia, Ib and IIIb, in addition to beta 2-microglobulin and actin, appeared specific for the glycerol lysis membranes, whereas two antigens, termed G8 and G18, were observed only in the alpha-granule membranes. The localization of glycoprotein IIa was inconclusive. Comparison with the surface-located proteins revealed that the glycerol lysis membranes represented a reasonable approximation to a plasma membrane preparation. Radioactively labelled immunoprecipitates obtained after crossed immunoelectrophoresis of 125I-labelled platelets were cut out and applied to sodium dodecyl sulphate electrophoresis on polyacrylamide slab gels. Autoradiography of the dried gels revealed that antigen G4 represented a protein with an average molecular weight of 146 000 in its unreduced state and 132 000 in its reduced state. Antigen G18 represented a protein of molecular weight 130 000 135 000 in the reduced as well as unreduced state. Quantitation of protein and lipids showed that the alpha-granule membranes contained about one-third as much cholesterol and 2-times as much protein in relation to phospholipids as compared to the glycerol lysis membranes. No significant difference between the two membrane preparations was found as regards the composition of their phospholipids. PMID- 6223663 TI - Calcium transport, ATPase activity and lipid composition in sarcoplasmic reticulum isolated from isogenic lines of normal and dystrophic chickens. AB - Two new lines of chickens with near identical genotypes (greater than 90% isogeneity), one demonstrating avian dystrophy, were used for isolation of sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles. Vesicles from line 433 (dystrophic) displayed reduced Ca2+-ATPase activity, phosphoenzyme formation and steady-state calcium transport capabilities in comparison with vesicles from line 03 (normal). Lipid analyses show that dystrophic vesicles have greater amounts of cholesterol and lesser amounts of phosphatidylcholine. The results support the use of isogenic chickens in further studies of avian dystrophy. However, the results also suggest that current sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicle purification procedures dependent on differential calcium accumulation may not fully achieve the intended purpose. PMID- 6223664 TI - Mode of inhibition of DNA replication in neocarzinostatin-treated HeLa cells. AB - The effect of antitumor antibiotic neocarzinostatin on DNA replication in HeLa cells was studied by pulse-labeling of DNA with [3H]thymidine and sedimentation analysis of the DNA with alkaline sucrose gradients. The drug, which produced DNA damage, primarily inhibited the replicon initiation in the cells at low doses (less than or equal to 0.1 microgram/ml), and at high doses (greater than or equal to 0.5 microgram/ml) inhibited the DNA chain elongation. An analysis of the number of single-strand breaks of parental DNA, induced by neocarzinostatin, indicated that inhibition of the initiation occurred with introduction of single strand breaks of less than 1.5 . 10(4)/cell, while inhibition of the elongation occurred with introduction of single-strand breaks of more than 7.5 . 10(4)/cell. Assuming that the relative molecular mass of DNA/HeLa cell was about 10(13) Da, the target size of DNA for inhibition of replicon initiation was calculated to be about 10(9) Da, such being close to an average size of loop DNA in the cell and for inhibition of chain elongation, 1-2 . 10(8) Da which was of the same order of magnitude as the size of replicons. Recovery of inhibited DNA replication by neocarzinostatin occurred during post-incubation of the cells and seemed to correlate with the degree of rejoining of the single-strand breaks of parental DNA. Caffeine and theophylline enhanced the recovery of the inhibited replicon initiation, but did not aid in the repair of the breaks in parental DNA. PMID- 6223665 TI - Demonstration of the existence, and partial characterization, of a cell-surface beta-hexosaminidase from rat splenocytes. AB - Rat splenocytes are shown to exhibit cell-surface located beta-N acetylglucosaminidase and beta-galactosidase activities. Preincubation experiments, solubilization experiments and chemical cross-linking experiments show that these enzymatic activities are indeed cell-surface localized. The solubilization and partial purification of the beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase activity is reported. Kinetic studies of the partially purified material with a variety of competitive inhibitors at several pH values suggest that at physiological pH the cell surface beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase may function as a carbohydrate binding protein rather than as a glycosidase. PMID- 6223666 TI - Lysosomal hydrolases in macrophages exposed to swainsonine. AB - Swainsonine reversibly inhibits macrophage lysosomal acid alpha-mannosidase in vitro. When supplied to cultured cells for periods of up to 24 h, swainsonine penetrates the cells and produces a dose- and time-dependent inhibition of cellular alpha-mannosidase. Exposure of macrophages to swainsonine for 24 h, followed by continued incubation in the absence of this agent, produces elevated cellular activity of alpha-mannosidase, relative to unexposed controls; prolonged incubation of macrophage cultures with swainsonine for 1-2 weeks results also in significant increases in cell protein, lactate dehydrogenase activity and in that of another lysosomal enzyme, beta-hexosaminidase. PMID- 6223668 TI - Real time speech producing device. PMID- 6223667 TI - [Presteady-state kinetics of ATP hydrolysis by chloroplast CF1-ATPASE]. AB - The kinetics of reversible inactivation of chloroplast CF1-ATPase by Mg2+ and ADP was studied. The rate of inactivation obeys the first-order equation and is independent of ADP concentration. An analysis of the dependence of the inactivation rate on Mg2+ concentration demonstrated that the limiting step of inactivation is other than Mg2+ binding, i.e. the subsequent steps which include, in all probability, the conformational changes of the enzyme. The original Mg2+ dependent activity of CF1-ATPase is close to that observed under steady-state conditions in the presence of sulphate and methanol and exceeds the Ca2+ dependent activity approximately 6-fold. Preincubation of CF1-ATPase with Mg2+ results in inhibition of the original activity of the enzyme. This effect is not removed by addition of the ATP-regenerating system (pyruvate kinase + phosphoenol pyruvate) to the preincubation medium but is diminished by sulphite and the non hydrolyzed analog of ATP--beta, gamma-methyladenosine-5-triphosphate. After addition of AMPPCP to the reaction mixture the initial reaction rate is decreased, while the steady-state rate is increased. It may be concluded that the Mg2+-dependent inactivation of CF1-ATPase is induced by the tightly bound ADP. The latter can be replaced by ATP, which in contrast to ADP does not form an inactive complex with the enzyme. A comparison of experimental results with literature data suggests that the mechanism of "alternating sites" proposed by Boyer et al. for ATP hydrolysis by soluble CF1-ATPase is not realized under the given experimental conditions. PMID- 6223669 TI - Multinuclear magnetic resonance studies of monomers and dimers containing 2' fluoro-2'-deoxyadenosine. PMID- 6223670 TI - Monomolecular condensation of lambda-DNA induced by cobalt hexamine. PMID- 6223671 TI - Inhibition of cation-induced DNA condensation by intercalating dyes. PMID- 6223672 TI - [Isolation of tissue-specific inhibitors of DNA synthesis (chalones) from rat liver]. AB - Two fractions of non-cytotoxic and tissue-specific inhibitors of 3H-thymidine incorporation into DNA of rat liver regenerating after partial hepatectomy in vitro were obtained by gel filtration on a Sephadex-75 column of the ethanol precipitated aqueous extract. One of these fractions (Ve/Vo = = 2.0; Kav = 0.4) was found to be heterogenous and enriched with proteins with a molecular weight of 17 000-30 000 D. It was biologically active at concentrations exceeding 0.25 mg/ml. The biological activity of the other fraction (Ve/Vo = 3.0; Kav = 1) occurred at concentrations under 0.005 mg/ml. The main component of this fraction was discovered to be a protein with a molecular weight of 17 000 D. PMID- 6223673 TI - Cytochemical, functional, and proliferative characteristics of promonocytes and monocytes from patients with monocytic leukemia. AB - This article deals with a prospective study on the cytochemical, functional, and proliferative characteristics of promonocytes and bone marrow and peripheral blood monocytes of 20 patients with acute monocytic leukemia and 7 patients with chronic monocytic leukemia. The results show a wide variation in the peroxidase and esterase activities in these cells, whereas the percentages of mononuclear phagocytes with Fc gamma and C3b receptors did not differ appreciably from those in normal individuals. A discriminant analysis of these data and corresponding data from normal individuals showed that a below-normal peroxidase activity of circulating monocytes has predictive value for the presence of monocytic leukemia; a below-normal esterase activity has less, but nevertheless some, predictive value in this respect. An increase in the percentage of circulating monocytes, a decrease in the percentage of Fc gamma or C3b receptors, and a decline in the ability to phagocytose bacteria has no predictive value for the presence of monocytic leukemia. The mean percentage of patients' promonocytes that incorporated 3H-thymidine amounted to 80.9%, which is close to the control value in normal individuals. The mean values for the labeling indices of cultured bone marrow and peripheral blood monocytes are 1.0% and 0.74%, respectively; when 3H-thymidine was added to whole blood, the labeling index of the monocytes amounted to 3.6%. These percentages are only a little higher than those found for monocytes of normal individuals. These results indicate that the majority of the circulating monocytes in acute and chronic monocytic leukemia are not actively dividing or blast cells. PMID- 6223674 TI - High-dose cytosine arabinoside therapy for refractory leukemia. AB - Fifty-seven patients with refractory acute leukemia were treated with high-dose cytosine arabinoside to establish the maximum tolerated dose and duration and to determine the antileukemic activity. The maximum tolerated regimen was found to be 3 g/sq m every 12 hr for 6 days. At this dose, nonhematologic toxicity was limited to conjunctivitis in approximately half of the patients, and liver toxicity (transient elevations in transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, or bilirubin) was frequently observed, but neither was dose-limiting. Extending the duration of treatment to 8 days resulted in excessive diarrhea and skin toxicity (painful erythema with bullae), while increasing the dose to 4.5 g/sq m q. 12 hr for 6 days resulted in severe cerebellar toxicity. Myelosuppression was severe, but was not related to the intensity of treatment; granulocyte recovery occurred a median of 28 days (range 22-40 days) after initiating therapy, and platelet recovery occurred after a median of 25 days (range 16-41 days). Antileukemic activity was evaluable in the 46 patients who survived at least 3 wk. Complete remissions were obtained in 1 of 6 patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) in accelerated phase and 1 of 3 acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patients. A more detailed analysis of response was possible for the 37 evaluable patients with acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia: 70% of these patients responded, with 51% complete remissions. The median unmaintained response was 4 mo (range 2 26+ mo). The complete response rate was higher in patients who received at least 12 doses of high-dose cytosine arabinoside compared to shorter regimens [17/28 (61%) versus 2/9 (22%), p less than 0.05]. Resistance to cytosine arabinoside in conventional doses was documented in 11 patients, 5 of whom responded (2 complete remissions) to high-dose regimens. We conclude that high-dose cytosine arabinoside in the maximally tolerated regimen of 3 g/sq m every 12 hr for 6 days has substantial antileukemic activity in patients refractory to standard therapy. Durable unmaintained remissions can be achieved, even in patients who fail to respond to cytosine arabinoside in conventional doses. PMID- 6223675 TI - The human T-cell leukemia/lymphoma virus associated with American adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma. AB - The human T-cell leukemia/lymphoma virus (HTLV) is a novel type-C retrovirus isolated from patients with T-lymphoproliferative malignancies. Thirteen cases of HTLV-associated malignancy from US centers were studied in detail. Ten of these cases share common clinical features and define a typical virus-associated adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL). All ten patients presented with Ann Arbor stage IV lymphoma because of skin involvement, bone marrow involvement, or lymphomatous leptomeningitis. Lymphadenopathy occurred in 7 of 10 patients at presentation, and the malignant cells were cytologically pleomorphic. Leukemia occurred in 60% of the patients at presentation. Hypercalcemia was found initially in two-thirds of the patients, with lytic bone lesions or positive bone scans in 7 of 10. Complete remission occurred in 40%, but all have relapsed. These cases closely resemble those virus-positive cases of adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) reported from Japan and the Caribbean. Three additional virus-positive patients had atypical presentations and diagnoses (acute lymphocytic leukemia, Sezary's syndrome, leukemic reticuloendotheliosis), usually with less aggressive clinical courses and atypical demographic and laboratory features. Presence of HTLV serum antibodies in cases of ATL (with hypercalcemia and circulating malignant cells) appears to define a distinct clinicopathologic entity that may occur in geographic clusters. PMID- 6223676 TI - The effect of thrombin on the density distribution of blood platelets: detection of activated platelets in the circulation. AB - The buoyant density of human platelets is decreased after they have been aggregated and induced to secrete their granule content by thrombin. This change in density was detected by discontinuous density gradient centrifugation using arabinogalactan (Stractan) solutions. The density decrease was dependent on the thrombin concentration and paralleled the extent of serotonin and beta thromboglobulin secretion. The degranulated platelets maintained their integrity, and many of their functional properties. Mixtures of degranulated platelets and normal platelets could be resolved by Stractan gradient centrifugation and the number of degranulated platelets quantitated. Using this method, increased levels of less dense platelets were shown to occur after cardiopulmonary bypass. Assay of changes in platelet density by Stractan gradient centrifugation is a useful method for detection of activated platelets in vitro and in vivo. PMID- 6223677 TI - Lymphocyte characteristics and function in paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria. AB - In six patients with paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria (PNH) lymphocyte studies were performed to investigate whether the observed immunological dysfunction could be ascribed to a defect in lymphocytes as result of the PNH characteristics, or to an imbalance between T-cell subsets. The PNH characteristics were studied by means of the effect of serum and acidified serum on Indium111-oxine labelled lymphocytes. No increase in release of Indium111 oxine was found when lymphocytes were exposed to acidified sera. Thus a complement mediated lymphocyte lysis in PNH could not be demonstrated. T-cells were defined by monoclonal antibodies, directed at total T-cells (OKT3), helper T cells (OKT4) and suppressor/cytotoxic T-cells (OKT8). In two of the six patients a decreased proportion of OKT3 cells was found, while a significantly depressed ratio of OKT4/OKT8 cells was present in the whole group. No obvious correlation was found between a functional assay - the concanavalin-A suppressor cell activity - and the ratio of OKT4/OKT8 positive cells. It is concluded that the PNH characteristics could not be demonstrated in the lymphocytes; and that the immunological dysregulation in PNH may be ascribed to an imbalance of T-cell subsets, while a decreased number of monocytes, defined by the monoclonal antibody OKM1, may contribute to this defect. PMID- 6223678 TI - [Studies on the current status of risk factors which cause severe handicaps in children]. PMID- 6223679 TI - A current appraisal of Down's syndrome. PMID- 6223681 TI - The assessment of disability: from first to future principles. AB - Outcome assessment attempts to measure the long-term impacts of illness in order to select management strategies and public policies which minimize these impacts. Disability is an important dimension of outcome, particularly in conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, but cannot be considered apart from other dimensions such as mortality, pain, iatrogenic problems, and economic impact since decisions frequently involve comparing positive effects in one dimension with negative effects in another. Modern techniques of survey research have yielded self administered patient questionnaire instruments which are more reliable and more valid than traditional endpoints in rheumatic disease assessment and more relevant to the desires of the patient. These new techniques should be widely used in clinical investigation and in clinical practice. PMID- 6223680 TI - The role of histamine receptors in the release of renin. AB - 1 The effect of intrarenal histamine, dimaprit (H2-agonist) and 2-(2-pyridyl) ethylamine (H1-agonist) on renin release was examined in anaesthetized dogs. 2 In dogs with intact kidneys, histamine and dimaprit administration resulted in renal vasodilatation, a two fold increase in urinary sodium excretion, and no change in renal renin release. 2(2-Pyridyl) ethylamine administration resulted in renal vasodilatation, a 25% decrease in urinary sodium excretion and a significant increase in renin release. 3 In dogs with non-filtering kidneys, dimaprit administration resulted in renal vasodilatation and a significant increase in renin release, while 2(2-pyridyl) ethylamine administration resulted in renal vasodilatation but no change in renin release. 4 Our data suggest that histamine is a potential participant in the release of renin through stimulation of H2 receptors, but it is a weak agonist. 5 In addition, the direct effect of histamine analogues on renin release is modulated by their effects on electrolyte excretion probably by influencing the renal chemoreceptor release of renin mediated by the macula densa. PMID- 6223682 TI - Allergy to aminophylline. PMID- 6223683 TI - Asbestos related diseases without asbestosis. PMID- 6223684 TI - Special forms of flight. I: Balloons, gliders, and hang gliders. PMID- 6223685 TI - Follow up study of 70 patients with renal artery stenosis treated by percutaneous transluminal dilatation. AB - Between April 1978 and April 1981, 70 patients with hypertension and renal artery stenosis were treated by percutaneous transluminal arterial dilatation. Selection of the patients was based solely on arteriographic criteria. Arteriography after dilatation showed considerable widening of the stenosed area in all patients. In 65 patients the effect of treatment on the blood pressure was assessed during follow up periods of one to four years. In 14 of these patients the hypertension was cured, in 29 it was improved, and in 22 there was no change. Patients with fibromuscular lesions benefited distinctly more than did those with atheromatous stenosis, only one of the 21 patients with fibromuscular lesions showing no change as compared with 21 of the 44 patients with atheromatous lesions. The only serious complication encountered was microcholesterol emboli, which developed in two patients with severe atheromatous lesions of the aorta. In the atheromatous group age and overall renal function had no influence on the blood pressure response. In the subgroup of patients with a unilateral lesion the renal vein renin ratios and asymmetrical curves obtained by renography had only a very limited predictive value. In experienced hands percutaneous transluminal arterial dilatation is relatively safe, and this study suggests that it should be attempted in all patients with renal artery stenosis. Only in patients with severe atheromatosis of the aorta should the risk associated with the catheterisation be weighed against the 50% or so chance of benefit from the procedure. PMID- 6223686 TI - Managing patients with endocarditis and Down's syndrome. PMID- 6223687 TI - Pregnenolone and its sulfate ester in the rat brain. AB - Pregnenolone (P) and its sulfate ester (PS) have been characterized in the brain of adult male rats. The concentration of P (38.4 +/- 6.9 and 22.1 +/- 2.9 ng/g, mean +/- S.D., in anterior and posterior brain, respectively) exceeded that of PS in brain (15.8 +/- 3.0 and 5.7 +/- 2.1 ng/g in the same fractions) and largely those of P and PS in plasma (1.3 +/- 0.2 and 1.4 +/- 0.3 ng/g, respectively). The level of P in brain was much larger than that of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DS), characterized and measured previously (Corpechot et al.). Brain P and PS levels did not seem to depend on steroidogenic gland secretion: no meaningful difference occurred in brain 15 days after adrenalectomy plus orchiectomy, compared with sham-operated controls. It is proposed that, as that of DS (ref. 5) P and PS formation or accumulation (or both) in the rat brain depend on in situ mechanisms unrelated to the peripheral endocrine gland system. PMID- 6223688 TI - [Prevention of dysfunctional metrorrhagia in the climacteric]. PMID- 6223689 TI - [Occurrence of Down's syndrome in Slovakia in the past 20 years]. PMID- 6223690 TI - [Variant of Paris-I Lariboisiere thrombasthenia, a molecular anomaly of the IIb IIIa platelet glycoprotein complex]. AB - Platelet GP IIb-IIIa complex is missing or strongly reduced in thrombasthenia type I or II; in parallel the binding of fibrinogen is either nil or strongly reduced after platelet activation and these platelets do not aggregate. In the platelets of the described variant, GP IIb-IIIa level and PLA1 antigen are around 50% of the normal but the fibrinogen sites are either missing or unavailable. The hypothesis is that the patient's platelets lack the specific receptor site for fibrinogen at the GP IIb-IIIa level. However, platelet fibrinogen is normal as is the clot retraction. The study of this variant allows new concepts on platelet aggregation and clot retraction. PMID- 6223691 TI - Correlative morphometric and biochemical analysis of purified extracellular matrix vesicles from rat alveolar bone. AB - Extracellular matrix vesicles were isolated from rat alveolar bone and purified by either gel filtration or discontinuous sucrose density gradient. Morphometric evaluation of electron-micrographs of pellets of purified and nonpurified vesicle fractions was correlated with the activity of vesicular enzymes. A high correlation was found between the percentage of area occupied by vesicles with electron-dense content (electron-dense vesicle fractional area) and the enzymatic activity. Highest enzymatic specific activities and electron-dense vesicle fractional area were recorded in the "light" vesicle-enriched fraction obtained after equilibrium density centrifugation. These parameters revealed lowest values in the "heavy" vesicle-enriched fraction resolved by the same methods. The combined electron-dense and electron-lucent fractional area (vesicular fractional area) was similar in the different purified fractions. It is therefore suggested that the fraction obtained by gel filtration contains both "light" and "heavy" vesicles. Morphometric study is proposed as an additional criterion for the degree of purification of matrix vesicle preparations. PMID- 6223692 TI - Effect of dichloromethylene diphosphonate (Cl2MDP) on immune function in breast cancer patients with bone metastases. AB - Immune function was studied in normocalcemic breast cancer patients with bone metastases treated with either dichloromethylene diphosphonate (Cl2MDP) or placebo. The results showed no significant difference between the two patient groups. This suggests that Cl2MDP does not markedly impair the host's defense mechanisms, and in this respect can be safely used in the treatment of patients with resorptive bone disease. PMID- 6223693 TI - A 125I-protein A-binding assay detecting antibodies to cell surface antigens. Evidence for the presence of specific antibodies against leukemia-associated antigens in human leukemias. AB - A 125I-protein A-binding assay detecting antibodies to cell surface antigens on human blood cells was developed and evaluated using sera from multitransfused nonleukemic patients sensitized against HLA antigens. The binding assay was found to be reproducible and more sensitive than conventional HLA testing. Seven patients with acute myelogenous leukemia and two patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia successfully treated by chemotherapy were then investigated. Sera from seven of the patients studied in partial or complete remission demonstrated significant binding to autochthonous leukemic cells obtained from bone marrow or peripheral blood. In two cases sera taken during the leukemic stage demonstrated the most pronounced binding to the patients' own leukemic cells. Sera from four patients with demonstrable significant binding to autochthonous leukemic cells failed to bind to autochthonous remission cells when both types of target cells were tested in parallel. Differences in serum concentrations of IgG, IgA, and IgM were not the cause of the demonstrated increased binding of leukemic sera to autochthonous target cells. We propose that the 125I-protein A-binding assay presented in this paper detects antibodies reacting selectively with acute leukemia cells. PMID- 6223694 TI - High-dose chlorozotocin in lung cancer: a Southwest Oncology Group Phase II Study. PMID- 6223695 TI - Advanced adenocarcinoma of the kidney: therapy with lomustine, vinblastine, hydroxyurea, and medroxyprogesterone acetate and regression analysis of factors relating to survival. PMID- 6223696 TI - Hepatic and pancreatic damage produced by cytotoxic drugs. PMID- 6223697 TI - Alcohol-induced congestive cardiomyopathy: an animal model. PMID- 6223698 TI - Cation distributions in the hypertrophic myocardium (aortic constriction) of the rat. AB - Calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, and water distributions were determined in rat ventricular muscle during the development of myocardial hypertrophy. Hypertrophy was produced by constriction of the ascending aorta with a silver band. Sham-operated controls were treated similarly, except that the aorta was not constricted. Cation and water distributions were examined at intervals of 1 hour, 1 day, 1 week. Myocardial extracellular space was determined by distribution of [35S] sulphate. In separate experiments, extracellular space was determined in different regions of the normal rat ventricle using [3H] inulin as the extracellular marker. Although some changes were observed in tissue calcium content and the plasma concentrations of several cations, at no time were the cellular concentrations of any cation significantly altered. Myocardial water content and distribution remained nearly constant after constriction of the aorta. Results do not support hypotheses that the heart responds to increased afterload with an accumulation or loss of myocytic calcium sufficiently large to be detectable with standard quantitative methods. PMID- 6223700 TI - Effect of alpha-chlorohydrin in energy yielding enzymes of testicular cells of mice. PMID- 6223699 TI - Twelve-week study of etodolac, aspirin, and placebo in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Etodolac, aspirin, and placebo were evaluated for efficacy and safety in 20 patients with adult-onset active rheumatoid arthritis who entered a 12-week, double-blind, parallel-group study divided into drug titration and maintenance periods and preceded by a two-week washout period. During the maintenance period the mean daily doses of etodolac and aspirin were 319 mg and 4,701 mg, respectively. At the end of the study, patients treated with etodolac showed significant improvement from baseline values in seven of ten clinical variables, namely, painful joints, swollen joints, articular index, pain intensity, morning stiffness, and investigator's and patient's overall assessments. In patients treated with aspirin, only pain intensity was lessened significantly; in those treated with placebo, only pain intensity lessened significantly and only the patient's overall assessment improved significantly. No serious side effects were noted in patients treated with etodolac. Three patients treated with aspirin were withdrawn from the study because of adverse reactions--two experienced gastrointestinal side effects and one had elevated liver enzyme levels. PMID- 6223701 TI - [Mezlocillin and carbenicillin in urinary tract infections in patients after kidney transplantation]. PMID- 6223702 TI - Inhibition by quercetin of thyroid hormone stimulation in vitro of human red blood cell Ca2+-ATPase activity. AB - Human red blood cell membrane Ca2+-ATPase activity is stimulated in vitro by physiological concentrations of thyroid hormone. Quercetin, a flavonoid that inhibits several membrane-linked ATPases, suppressed thyroid hormone action on red cell Ca2+-ATPase activity and also interfered with binding of the hormone by red cell membranes. These effects of quercetin were dose-dependent over a range of concentrations (1-50 microM). In contrast, in the absence of thyroid hormone, quercetin at low concentrations stimulated Ca2+-ATPase activity and at 50 microM inhibited the enzyme. The effects of quercetin at low concentrations (1-10 microM), namely, stimulation of Ca2+-ATPase and inhibition of membrane-binding of thyroid hormone, mimic those of thyroid hormone and are consistent with the thyronine-like structure of quercetin. At high concentrations, quercetin is generally inhibitory of Ca2+-ATPase activity. Chalcone, fisetin, hesperetin and tangeretin are other flavonoids shown to reduce susceptibility of membrane Ca2+ ATPase to hormonal stimulation. PMID- 6223703 TI - Fractionation by micrococcal nuclease digestion of Drosophila embryo chromatin: isolation of a fraction enriched in two major nonhistone proteins. AB - Limited digestion of Drosophila melanogaster embryo nuclei with mitochondrial nuclease, followed by selective solubilization in 0.1 M NaCl, yields a soluble nucleoprotein fraction (S3) enriched in two dominant protein bands of apparent molecular weight of 44000 and 48000. The analysis of the nucleosome monomer and multimer peaks, separated on sucrose gradients after slight digestion with micrococcal nuclease, shows that these proteins are associated with chromatin subunits, and that they are principally found in the subnucleosome region of fraction S3. This doublet is tentatively identified as a member of the noncanonical HMG of Drosophila. The thermal denaturation and the circular dichroism spectra of the fraction soluble in 0.1 M NaCl (S3) and insoluble fraction (P3) show that both fractions are also structurally different. PMID- 6223704 TI - Phenytoin effect on the proliferation of rat oral epithelium is mediated by a hormonal mechanism. AB - Systemic pretreatment of male rats with phenytoin (PHT) (30 mg/100 g body weight) significantly (P less than 0.001) increased mitotic frequency, shortened mitotic duration and renewal time in the basal cells of the oral epithelium. This effect of PHT was abolished by simultaneous s.c. injection of cyproterone acetate (CyA) (50 micrograms/100 g body weight) or by castration. CyA treatment of intact rats or castration further decreased mitotic frequency, prolonged mitotic duration and turnover time in the oral epithelium. The effect of castration was reversed by the simultaneous s.c. injection of testosterone propionate (Tp) (50 micrograms/100 g body weight). These results suggest that PHT effect on epithelial proliferation is mediated by a hormonal mechanism. PMID- 6223705 TI - ACA-1, a new differentiation antigen of activated lymphoid cells. AB - Rabbits were immunized with murine CBA T lymphocytes activated with C57BL/6 antigens (Tact). The immune rabbit sera were adsorbed with murine erythrocytes, serum, liver cells, and unstimulated T and B lymphocytes. Upon absorption, the antisera (ATactS) were not cytotoxic for unactivated thymus, lymph node, and spleen cells of different mouse strains in the cytotoxicity assay. ATactS did not inhibit the immune response of lymphocytes from unimmunized animals to SRBC or their proliferation in mixed lymphocyte culture. At the same time ATactS lysed 67% of actively proliferating T-lymphoma EL-4 cells, 31-56% of the T lymphocytes stimulated with allogeneic cells, and 53-56% of Con A- or LPS-stimulated splenocytes. ATactS also inhibited 90-100% of antigen-activated B cells, i.e., plaque-forming cells (PFC) producing 19 S and 7 S antibodies to serologically noncrossreacting antigens, such as sheep, rabbit, and rat RBC. It also decreased the intensity of the secondary immune response to SRBC. The effect of ATactS did not depend on the H-2 or Ala-I phenotype of target cells. Our experiments showed that ATactS activity fell after absorption with activated, but not quiescent lymphoid cells. These results suggest the presence of a special antigenic marker on activated murine T and B cells which differs from the generally recognized cell surface antigens, such as H-2, Ig, Ala-I, idiotype, Thy-I, MBLA, MTLA, Lyt 1,2,3, and others. It has been designated Aca-I (activated cell antigen). PMID- 6223706 TI - Suppressor cells of the human NK activity: characterization of the cells and mechanism of action. AB - The surface marker characteristics and mechanism of action of small- to medium sized NK suppressor lymphocytes, which can be found in both umbilical cord blood and adult peripheral blood, have been studied. Evidence suggestive of T-cell origin of the lymphocytes consisted of E-rosette formation, reactivity with OKT3 monoclonal antibody, and dot-like acid alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase (ANAE) staining pattern typical of T cells. Furthermore, no reactivity was seen with OKT6 and OKM1 monoclonal antibodies and the presence of intracytoplasmic immunoglobulin was excluded by indirect immunofluorescence microscopy, making the involvement of monocytes, B cells, and thymocytes less likely. As regards the mechanism of action, the role of prostaglandins was unlikely since indomethacin had no effect on the level of suppression. The role of soluble mediators was further examined by blocking cell secretion with monensin. In these experiments monensin treatment of the suppressor cells did not unwind suppression, suggesting that mechanisms other than secretion of suppressive factors were operative. The importance of cell-to-cell contact was demonstrated by the following observations: (i) A short contact of effector lymphocytes with suppressor lymphocytes, followed by their physical separation, resulted in decreased cytotoxic activity of the effector cells. (ii) Suppression could be mediated through Nuclepore filters, which allowed cell processes to pass through the filter, but not through filters which did not allow cell-to-cell contact. The suppressor cells were resistant to irradiation (2500 rad) and treatment with dexamethasone and puromycin. Viable cells were not needed, since paraformaldehyde fixed suppressor cells could also mediate inhibition of K562 killing. PMID- 6223707 TI - Evidence for suppressor T-cell regulation of human gamma interferon production. AB - Human gamma interferon (IFN gamma) production by peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) appears to be regulated by a dynamic interaction between distinct regulatory T-cell subsets and IFN gamma-producing cells. Time-course kinetics of IFN gamma production in response to T-cell mitogens suggested that suppressor cells were being activated to control IFN gamma production at 6 to 8 days of culture. This was confirmed by cocultivation of preactivated (4 to 6 days with mitogen) suppressor cells and fresh lymphocytes with a resultant depressed IFN gamma response to stimulation with staphylococcal enterotoxin A. The appearance of suppressor cells in cultures preceded the decline in IFN gamma production, which is consistent with suppressor cell regulation of IFN gamma production. The suppressor cells were of the phenotype Leu 2+,3- as determined by "panning" with monoclonal antibodies. This phenotype corresponds to that reported for suppressor cells of the autologous mixed-lymphocyte reaction and for antibody production. Abrogation of suppressor cell activity by addition of interleukin 2 (IL 2) to cultures and the absorption of IL 2 from cultures by suppressor cells suggested that suppressor cells regulated IFN gamma production by sequestering IL 2 that is required for IFN gamma production. IFN gamma production by human PBL thus appears to be regulated by an interaction between IL 2 (from helper cells), suppressor cells (absorption of IL 2), and IFN gamma-producing cells. PMID- 6223708 TI - Differential ability of mitogen-stimulated human leukocyte-conditioned media to induce Fc receptors in human leukemia cells. AB - The ability of mitogen-stimulated human leukocyte-conditioned media (M-CM) to induce the in vitro differentiation of various human leukemic cell lines was evaluated by measuring the appearance of Fc receptors (FcR) through their ability to form EA rosettes. Only cells of myeloid lineage were induced by M-CM to express FcR; T-, and B-, and non-T/non-B cells failed to respond. As determined with ML-1, a line of human myeloblastic leukemia cells, pokeweed mitogen conditioned medium, at concentrations of 1-10%, stimulated the expression of FcR in 70-98% of the cells within 1 day after treatment. Phytohemagglutinin-, concanavalin A-, and lipopolysaccharide-conditioned media were less active. The FcR-inducing activity was partially separated from M-CM by chromatography on Sephadex G-75. It was stable between pH 4 and 10, and lost activity at temperatures above 40 degrees C. PMID- 6223709 TI - Deficient T-cell mitogen response in murine experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis: a defect in the adherent cell population. AB - T-Lymphocyte number and functions are often reduced, while B-lymphocyte function is often increased in patients with autoimmune disorders. To study the mechanisms responsible for these T-cell malfunctions in autoimmunity we adapted the murine experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis (EAMG) model. Splenocytes from C57BL/6 mice immunized with acetylcholine receptors (AChR) in complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) produced approximately half the amount of concanavalin A (Con A)-induced interleukin 2 (IL-2) as did splenocytes of CFA-inoculated controls. Further, AChR plus CFA-immunized splenocytes showed a marked reduction in T-cell proliferative responses induced by Con A or phytohemagglutinin when compared with CFA inoculated controls. By contrast, lipopolysaccharide-induced B-cell function is preserved. Deficient Con A splenic T-cell response is seen early after secondary inoculation with CFA or AChR in CFA. T-Cell recovery occurs in CFA-inoculated mice but not in AChR plus CFA-inoculated mice. Defective Con A splenic T-cell response seen early after secondary immunization with CFA or AChR in CFA is due to the presence of a defective splenic adherent cell population. Moreover, defective Con A splenic T-cell response seen after established autoimmunity to AChR in EAMG is also due to the presence of a defective splenic adherent cell population. PMID- 6223710 TI - Role of class I and class II antigens in the allogenic stimulation: class I and class II recognition in allogenic stimulation; blocking of MLR by monoclonal antibodies and F(ab')2 fragments. AB - Purified monomorphic monoclonal antibodies against Class I and Class II antigens in the inhibition of in vitro allogenic response were assayed. As expected, anti Class II antibodies are highly inhibitory when used in concentrations greater than 5 micrograms/ml in MLRI and 50 micrograms/ml in MLRII. Surprisingly, anti Class I monoclonal antibodies are as effective as anti-Class II in inhibiting primary MLR although they have no effect in MLRII. These results were confirmed by using F(ab')2 fragments. The inhibitory effect of anti-Class I has been shown to occur at the stimulator cell level. It is proposed that the allogenic stimulation is elicited after Class I and Class II recognition although only Class II differences are responsible for the proliferative response. PMID- 6223711 TI - Suppression of IgE antibody production in SJL mice. V. Effect of irradiation and adult thymectomy on the suppression of IgE antibody production in SJL mice. AB - Anti-DNP IgE antibody production was low and transient in SJL mice which were immunized with 1 microgram DNP-Nb and 1 mg A1(OH)3. The immunized SJL mice were irradiated (60-540 R) 1 day after challenge. A dose higher than 180 R induced enhancement of anti-DNP IgE antibody production as compared to nonirradiated control mice, suggesting the existence of irradiation-sensitive suppressor cells. Anti-DNP IgE antibody production was suppressed when immunized and irradiated SJL mice were injected with spleen cells from adult-thymectomized SJL mice. The donors of the spleen cells were thymectomized 2 or 4 months previously, and this suggests that the suppressor cells from unprimed mice are long-living T cells. PMID- 6223712 TI - The proportion of TA, TG, and TM cells in various immunodeficiency and autoimmune disorders. AB - Patients with various immunodeficiency and autoimmune disorders were examined for the proportions of T cells bearing Fc-IgA, Fc-IgG, and Fc-IgM receptors. These disorders included common variable immunodeficiency, systemic lupus erythematosus, ataxia-telangiectasia, selective IgA deficiency, and the Wiskott Aldrich syndrome. Abnormal proportions (higher or lower than an interval containing 95% of our normal values) of Fc-IgA receptor-bearing T cells (TA) were found in common variable immunodeficiency, systemic lupus erythematous, ataxia telangiectasia, and selective IgA deficiency. However, the proportion of T cells bearing Fc receptors did not correlate with their functional activity in in vitro immunoglobulin production assays. PMID- 6223713 TI - [The role of hyperplasia in the enlargement of the heart muscle of various causes during ontogenesis]. PMID- 6223714 TI - Phototoxicity of phenothiazine derivatives. I. Inactivating and mutagenic effects on bacteriophage oX174. AB - Inactivation of oX174 bacteriophages as a function of the irradiation time in the near-UV and in the presence of triflupromazine (TFPZ), promazine (PZ), chlorpromazine (CPZ) or methoxypromazine (MTPZ) proceeds according to single hit kinetics. Acepromazine (ACPZ) has no significant activity. At low concentrations (0.1 mM) TFPZ and PZ are the most active compounds. Higher concentrations (up to 5 mM) result in a protective effect by these two compounds but cause increased inactivation rates in the case of MTPZ or CPZ. Photoinactivation mediated by TFPZ or CPZ increases the reversion frequency of a oXamber mutant. Neither MTPZ nor PZ sensitization induces mutagenesis. The effect of NaN3 on the phage inactivation rate varies depending upon both the sensitizer and the concentration of the quencher. Phage inactivation in an N2 atmosphere is measurable only in the presence of high concentrations of CPZ and MTPZ. The drugs do not show any selectivity for calf thymus DNA or bovine serum albumin, at least as measured by dialysis equilibrium experiments. PMID- 6223715 TI - Hemoglobin-catalyzed lipid peroxidation in the presence of mercuric chloride. AB - In order to elucidate the possible mechanism of initiation of peroxidative processes in Hg2+-treated erythrocytes, the effect of HgCl2 on hemoglobin catalyzed peroxidation of phospholipid liposomes was studied. It was demonstrated that HgCl2 significantly increases the rate of hemoglobin-catalyzed peroxidation. The addition of superoxide dismutase and catalase partially inhibits this effect. Furthermore, it was found that HgCl2 potentiates the hemoglobin oxidation. A suggestion was made that the acceleration of hemoglobin-catalyzed peroxidation by HgCl2 is associated at least in part with the increased production of superoxide anion radicals from hemoglobin. PMID- 6223716 TI - Biological activity of benzylating N-nitroso compounds. Models of activated N nitrosomethylbenzylamine. AB - Unsymmetrically substituted N-nitrosomethylbenzylamine is an oesophageal carcinogen with potential methylating and benzylating properties. Whereas the methylating activity of the compound has been investigated, little is known of its potential benzylating properties. In order to elucidate the biological consequences of benzylation, related model compounds which are presumed benzylating agents were synthesized and tested for mutagenicity. N nitrosobenzylurea and its structural analogue N-nitroso-p-methylbenzylurea were direct acting mutagens in Salmonella typhimurium TA 98. Activity was also present in TA 1535, but it was less pronounced. N-nitroso-alpha-acetoxybenzyl-benzylamine was equally mutagenic in S. typhimurium TA and TA 1535. N-nitroso-acetoxymethyl benzylamine and N-nitrosoacetoxy-methyl-p-methylbenzylamine are two model compounds which may decompose by hydrolysis or through esterases to yield intermediates also though to arise after alpha-C hydroxylation of the methyl group of the parent nitrosamines. These compounds needed additional activation by enzymes present in the post-mitochondrial supernatant of rat liver. They were distinctly mutagenic in TA 98. Furthermore, all compounds also caused the induction of phage lambda in a qualitative assay with Escherichia coli Br 513. Thus, benzylation of DNA clearly results in a biological consequence. These findings are supportive of the theory that if enzymic attack occurs on the methyl group of N-nitrosomethylbenzylamine, benzylation may also contribute to the overall biological activity of the compound. PMID- 6223717 TI - Induction and repair of DNA damage in normal and ataxia-telangiectasia skin fibroblasts treated with neocarzinostatin. AB - Cells from patients with the hereditary multisystem disorder ataxia telangiectasia (A-T) are hypersensitive to the cytotoxic action of DNA-breaking agents, such as X-rays, bleomycin and neocarzinostatin (NCS). A defect in the repair of a certain DNA lesion induced by all three agents may underlie this hypersensitivity. This DNA lesion may be a certain type of DNA strand break. Most of the previous experiments done with X-rays and bleomycin failed to show any retardation in the rejoining of DNA strand breaks in A-T cells. However, since both A-T homozygous and heterozygous cells are particularly hypersensitive to NCS, we studied the time course of strand breakage induction and repair in A-T skin fibroblast strains treated with NCS, using the sensitive method of alkaline or neutral elution. A linear dose response was obtained for the induction by NCS of single-strand breaks and double-strand breaks. A-T cells did not respond with a higher initial extent of strand breakage compared with normal cells. NCS is an appropriate agent for studying the kinetics of rejoining strand breaks, due to its rapid action in the cells; this action, which is completed within 2--4 min, was studied by monitoring strand break induction, inhibition of DNA synthesis and decrease in cellular survival. The time course of strand break rejoining found after NCS treatment was very similar to that found following X-irradiation: with both single- and double-strand breaks, a rapid phase of rejoining was first noticed (t 1/2 approximately 5 min for single-strand breaks and 20--25 min for double-strand breaks). This was followed by a second, slow phase that continued for several hours. No difference could be detected between normal and A-T cells either with regard to the time course of rejoining or the fraction of non rejoined breaks remaining several hours after treatment. PMID- 6223718 TI - Paired associates: a workshop model for effecting change. AB - A series of workshops for staff working with profoundly handicapped children was organized, the main concern of which was to improve the teaching approaches with such a population. The workshops were the result of an innovative attempt by the British Psychological Society's Standing Committee on Handicap to apply current knowledge of the real life problems of work settings in schools or hospitals where children are educated. The workshops covered a period of 3 months with approximately one term between the first and second. Participants attended in pairs, one member of each pair being either a clinical or educational psychologist, and a variety of problems presented by the children were tackled. This paper attempts to describe the structure and operation of the workshops, to evaluate their outcome, and to suggest ideas for the future of such an approach. PMID- 6223719 TI - Take-up of benefits by families with disabled children. AB - The take-up of four cash benefits by families with disabled children is assessed using a national sample drawn from the 1970 birth cohort. The four benefits are invalid care allowance, attendance allowance, mobility allowance and the Family Fund. None of the few families in the sample who were eligible for the invalid care allowance knew about it or had claimed it, but none would have been better off if they had done so. Take-up of the attendance allowance was lower than previous studies have suggested; between a half and two-thirds of those who appeared to be eligible were receiving the attendance allowance. About 80% of those children who were eligible for the mobility allowance were receiving it. About 65% of those families who met the eligibility criteria of the Family Fund had received help. PMID- 6223720 TI - A behavioural parent training programme for single mothers of physically handicapped children. AB - The single mothers of four children with congenital physical disorders participated in a 9-week parent training programme. The programme was developed to instruct them in the systematic utilization of behavioural techniques in order to enable them to teach their children self-help skills and to reduce behaviour problems. The mothers successfully taught their children seven self-help skills, with average self-help skill performance increasing from 18% correct during baseline to 99% correct during a 5-month follow-up period. In addition, the mothers provided one another with social support and practical suggestions related to psychosocial stresses facing single parents of handicapped children. The findings suggest the potential of behavioural parent training techniques in facilitating functional independence in physically handicapped children, as well as providing single parents with increased feelings of being able to systematically contribute to their children's physical and psychosocial development. PMID- 6223721 TI - Left ventricular hypertrophy in patients with hypertension: importance of blood pressure response to regularly recurring stress. PMID- 6223722 TI - Recurrent sustained ventricular tachycardia: structure and ultrastructure of subendocardial regions in which tachycardia originates. AB - Surgical resection of the endocardium and subendocardium often abolishes chronic recurrent sustained ventricular tachycardia in patients with healed myocardial infarcts or ventricular aneurysms, presumably by interrupting the reentrant pathway. To define the morphologic characteristics of cells in the reentrant pathway, we studied the histology and ultrastructure of the endocardial resections of 23 patients who underwent this procedure. Bundles of apparently viable myocardial fibers embedded in dense fibrous tissue were identified throughout the endocardial resections from all patients. These bundles of cells were separated from one another by fibrous tissue but extended uninterrupted to the margins of the surgical resection. In 14 patients Purkinje fibers were identified beneath the thickened endocardium whereas the remaining bundles were composed of ventricular muscle. The Purkinje fibers appeared to have normal ultrastructure and ventricular cells with both normal and abnormal ultrastructures were present. The abnormal muscle cells were characterized by loss of contractile elements, aggregates of dilated sarcoplasmic reticulum, and osmiophilic dense bodies. The sarcolemma was intact and the nuclear chromatin was evenly dispersed suggesting that these cells were still viable. The abnormal structure and arrangement of the surviving cardiac fibers in the endocardium may cause the abnormal electrophysiologic function that results in ventricular tachycardia. PMID- 6223723 TI - A pulsed Doppler echocardiographic method for calculation of pulmonary and systemic flow: accuracy in a canine model with ventricular septal defect. PMID- 6223724 TI - Patency of the ductus arteriosus after balloon dilatation: an experimental study. AB - Balloon dilatation of the ductus arteriosus was carried out in vivo in newborn pigs and on postmortem specimens from humans and piglets. The ductus was functionally closed in all newborn animals but patency resulted in all animals after balloon dilatation. Left-to-right shunts of 50% to 70% were found with anatomic lumen sizes of 3 to 5 mm. Patency was demonstrated up to 6 weeks after dilatation. Histologic examination showed splitting of the internal elastic layer and media, areas of hemorrhage confined to the media, and preservation of the adventitia. Mediastinal hemorrhage did not occur. This new technique is useful as an animal model of patent ductus arteriosus and could theoretically be used for palliative treatment of ductus-dependent congenital heart disease. PMID- 6223725 TI - Hormonal aspects of human gout--excretion of adrenal hormone derivatives in gouty patients. AB - Forty-seven patients with gout, 28 of whom had not previously been treated with allopurinol, and 25 normal subjects, were examined for 24-h urinary excretion of the most important adrenal steroid derivatives. Results were submitted to statistical analysis and several variables have been taken in consideration. The untreated patients showed significantly higher values of uricemia, urinary uric acid, triglycerides, slightly higher values of androsterone, 11-oxo-androsterone + 11-oxo-etiocholanolone, dehydroepiandrosterone, and slightly lower values of 11 hydroxyandrosterone and pregnanetriol, in comparison to normal subjects. The different hormonal pattern seems to discriminate between patients with gout and normal subjects. PMID- 6223726 TI - Plasma and salivary androstenedione and dihydrotestosterone in women with hyperandrogenism. AB - Sensitive radioimmunoassays (RIA) have been developed to measure salivary and plasma androstenedione and dihydrotestosterone levels in normal women, women with polycystic ovaries (PCO) and idiopathic hirsutism, and patients on antiandrogen therapy. There was a highly significant correlation (r = 0.92, P less than 0.001) between the concentration of androstenedione in saliva and the unbound concentration in plasma. The unbound plasma androstenedione was measured in the dialysate by RIA and ranged from 6.0-10.4% of the total concentration. Salivary and plasma androstenedione levels in patients with PCO (185 +/- 72 pg/ml (n = 11) and 3262 +/- 814 pg/ml (n = 12) respectively) and in those with hirsutism (151 +/ 110 pg/ml (n = 25) and 2177 +/- 1096 pg/ml (n = 25) were significantly higher than levels in normal women (78 +/- 30 pg/ml (n = 18) and 787 +/- 355 pg/ml (n = 18). A good correlation (r = 0.82, P less than 0.001) was also found between salivary and unbound plasma dihydrotestosterone concentrations. Salivary and plasma dihydrotestosterone levels in patients with PCO (8.2 +/- 3.3 pg/ml (n = 9) and 167 +/- 45 pg/ml (n = 11) respectively and hirsutism (6.0 +/- 2.1 pg/ml (n = 14) and 176 +/- 69 pg/ml (n = 17) were significantly higher than levels in normal women (4.5 +/- 1.3 pg/ml (n = 17) and 90 +/- 44 pg/ml (n = 16), although there was a large overlap between groups. A similar decrease was observed in salivary and plasma androstenedione levels after treatment with cyproterone acetate (CA) and ethinyl oestradiol (EE) for 3 months. Plasma dihydrotestosterone levels remained elevated in 47% of treated women whereas only 21% of cases had raised salivary dihydrotestosterone levels. It is concluded that, as with testosterone salivary androstenedione and dihydrotestosterone measurements give a good reflection of their biologically active levels in normal, hyperandrogenic and CA + EE treated women. PMID- 6223727 TI - Maternal-fetal immunity: presence of specific cellular hyporesponsiveness and humoral suppressor activity in normal pregnancy and their absence in preeclampsia. AB - The hypothesis that aberrant maternal-fetal immunity might lead to the development of preeclampsia was examined using mixed lymphocyte culture reactions (MLC) as an in vitro analogue of maternal-fetal immunity. Maternal lymphocytes and serum from five normal pregnant women differed significantly from lymphocytes and serum from five preeclamptics. Maternal cells from normal pregnancy responded appropriately to unrelated control cells, but demonstrated selective hyporesponsiveness to fetal cells in the MLC. Serum from normal pregnancy suppressed MLCs when maternal cells were responder cells (RC) and maternal cells or fetal cells were stimulator cells (SC), and did not inhibit MLCs where maternal cells were RC and control cells were SC. Maternal lymphocytes and serum from preeclamptics did not demonstrate cellular hyporesponsiveness or humoral suppressor activity. Our findings support the notion that specific cellular hyporesponsiveness and humoral suppressor activity is responsible for normal pregnancy; absence of such adaptive immunity might lead to the development of preeclampsia. PMID- 6223728 TI - In vitro induction of human helper T cell activity by Trypanosoma brucei. AB - Proliferation of peripheral blood T lymphocytes from unsensitized donors in response to fractions of Trypanosoma brucei was observed to be monocyte dependent. The activated T cells displayed enhanced 'helper' activity, but no 'suppressor' activity during pokeweed mitogen (PWM)-induced immunoglobulin (IgM and IgG) synthesis, and were resistant to the inhibitory effects of theophylline on E rosette formation. Whilst in vivo studies have failed to reveal excessive T cell proliferation in patients with sleeping sickness, these results suggest a possible role for T cells in the induction of hypergammaglobulinaemia characteristic of this disease. Trypanosome fractions were not inhibitory to PWM induced proliferation, and actually enhanced immunoglobulin synthesis. Thus it is unlikely that direct inhibition by the parasite per se is a major factor in the generation of immunosuppression by the T. brucei subgroup. PMID- 6223729 TI - Heterogeneity of immunoregulatory T cells in human thyroid autoimmunity: influence of thyroid status. AB - Monoclonal antibodies of the OKT series were used to identify circulating T lymphocytes (OKT3+), their helper-inducer (OKT4+) and suppressor-cytotoxic (OKT8+) subsets and cells bearing Ia antigen (OKIa+) in 75 patients with thyroid autoimmune disorders, including 14 Graves' disease, 21 myxoedema, 20 asymptomatic thyroiditis, 12 Hashimoto's thyroiditis and eight simple goitre with superimposed thyroiditis. In the whole population of patients, a negative correlation was observed between the percentage of OKT8+ cells and serum free thyroxine levels whatever the type of thyroiditis. The percentage of OKT8+ cells was decreased in Graves' disease and increased in myxoedema while it reversed after adequate treatment of the two diseases. However, a trend to a decrease in the proportion of OKT8+ cells was still observed in treated Graves' disease and in all the other groups of thyroiditis with euthyroidism. The minor modifications observed for OKT3+ and OKT4+ cells were in relation with those of OKT8+ cells. There was an increased percentage of Ia+ cells in Graves' disease and in Hashimoto's thyroiditis partly reflecting the presence of activated lymphocytes. In conclusion, these data suggest first of all a direct influence of serum T4 on the distribution of circulating OKT8+ cells in addition to documenting the heterogeneity of T cell immunoregulatory factors. PMID- 6223730 TI - Lymphocytotoxic antibody in multiple sclerosis: activity against T cell subsets and correlation with disease activity. AB - Lymphocytotoxic activity has been found by previous investigators in multiple sclerosis (MS) sera. We confirmed the presence of this activity in MS sera using techniques designed to eliminate possible sources of erroneous conclusion not considered in previous studies. We further characterized this activity and found it to be non-dialysable and complement dependent, and, therefore, presumably to be an antibody. This lymphocytotoxic antibody (LCA) is found in those patients with active or progressive disease, and appears to be preferentially directed against the suppressor subset of T cells, as defined by monoclonal antibodies. The LCA may play a role in the pathogenesis of acute exacerbation of MS. PMID- 6223731 TI - In situ characterization of T lymphocyte subsets in the reactional states of leprosy. AB - Using monoclonal antibodies and the immunoperoxidase technique, the numbers and distribution of T lymphocyte subsets in the tissues of reactional states of leprosy (six reversal reaction, nine erythema nodosum leprosum (ENL) and two Lucio's reaction) were determined and compared with those found in stable, non reactional patients (six tuberculoid, two borderline lepromatous and seven lepromatous). The pattern of segregation of the suppressor/cytotoxic phenotype at the periphery of the granuloma was found in both non-reactional tuberculoid lesions and reversal reactions, but was better developed in the former. In ENL and Lucio's reaction, as well as in non-reactional lepromatous tissue, the helper/inducer and suppressor/cytotoxic phenotypes were both admixed with the aggregated histiocytes. However, the helper/suppressor ratio in ENL (2.1 +/- 0.4) was significantly larger than that in non-reactional lepromatous tissue (0.7 +/- 0.4, P less than 0.001). The immature thymocyte antigen OKT6 was found on scattered large non-lymphoid cells, most commonly in tuberculoid and reversal reaction tissues, less commonly in ENL, but only irregularly in non-reactional lepromatous tissue. The peripheral pattern of the suppressor/cytotoxic phenotype may be an immunohistological reflection of a cell-mediated immune response common to both non-reactional tuberculoid and reversal reaction patients. The reversal of the helper/suppressor ratio in ENL as compared to non-reactional lepromatous disease suggests some role for cell-mediated immunity in the pathogenesis of ENL. The OKT6 positive cell is of unknown origin and function. PMID- 6223732 TI - Selective enhancement of human IgE production in vitro by synergy of pokeweed mitogen and mercuric chloride. AB - IgE production in vitro was investigated in cultures of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (MNC) from non-atopic donors with pokeweed mitogen (PWM), mercuric chloride (HgCl2), or both. PWM alone induced a few IgE immunoglobulin secreting cells (ISC) detected by reverse plaque forming cells (PFC) and many IgG, IgM, and IgA PFC. HgCl2 alone failed to produce significant numbers of ISC of any class. PWM plus HgCl2 caused a selective increase of IgE PFC without affecting IgG, IgM, and IgA PFC. Co-cultures of B cells plus mitomycin C (MMC) treated T cells stimulated by PWM alone produced more IgG, IgM, IgA and IgE PFC than those of B cells plus T cells. However, PWM plus HgCl2 produced significantly more IgE PFC selectively in those cultures. This effect was observed in the cells of most of the donors, but a few donors showed different responses. PMID- 6223733 TI - The role of complement in the induction of antibody responses. AB - To determine the effect of complement on the normal antibody response to T cell dependent antigens, we immunized normal and C4 deficient guinea-pigs with bacteriophage phi X 174. Following primary immunization with a standard dose (2 X 10(9) PFU/Kg) given intravenously. C4 deficient guinea-pigs produced less antibody than normal guinea-pigs and were unable to maintain measurable antibody levels. Following secondary immunization, antigen clearance of C4 deficient guinea-pigs was delayed and the subsequent antibody response was identical to their primary response without amplification or isotype switch. Increased antigen dose and administration of antigen in adjuvants into footpads improved the responses but did not make them normal. The primary and secondary responses became essentially normal, however, when small amounts of normal guinea-pig serum were given to the deficient animals at the time of the primary (but not the secondary) immunization. We postulate that the contribution of complement to the mature humoral immune response is related to activation of C3. Our data show that antigen initiates a primary immune response. The resultant antigen-antibody complexes interact with complement and are then non-specifically trapped by C3 receptors on dendritic cells, B cells and macrophages. Thus, antigen is selectively accumulated within the lymphoid organs and in turn 'captures' antigen specific B cells by interaction of the trapped antigen with antigen specific sIg. The approximation of specific lymphoid cells, macrophages and antigen permits generation of specific memory cells and ensures prompt, mature antibody response on subsequent antigen exposure. PMID- 6223734 TI - Monoclonal antibody defined T cell subsets and autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction in Down's syndrome. AB - Peripheral blood from 21 non-institutionalized children with Down's syndrome (DS) and 21 age and sex matched simultaneously studied healthy controls, was analysed for monoclonal antibody defined T cells and T cell subsets, using a fluorescence activated cell sorter, and the autologous (AMLR) and allogeneic mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR). Total T cells (9.6+), OKT4+ (helper/inducer phenotype) and anti Tac+ (activated T) cells were present in comparable proportions to that observed in the control group. In contrast, the proportion of OKT8+ (suppressor/cytotoxic phenotype) cells were significantly (P less than 0.05) decreased when compared to healthy controls. The proliferative response in the AMLR and MLR were comparable to control group. The significance of these results are discussed. PMID- 6223735 TI - T helper/suppressor ratios in chemotherapy and radiotherapy. PMID- 6223736 TI - The effects of intravenous pulse methylprednisolone on immunological and inflammatory processes in ankylosing spondylitis. AB - Acute phase reactants, serum immunoglobulins and immune complexes and T cell function were measured in eight patients with active ankylosing spondylitis (AS) before and up to 3 months after three pulses of 1 g methylprednisolone. There was a two stage effect. The first stage was an early anti-inflammatory event with a fall in clinical disease activity mirrored by changes in acute phase reactants particularly prealbumin. The second stage occurred later and was an immunological event with a fall in serum IgA and IgG and a rise in mitogenic response, mixed lymphocyte response and delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity. Most of these changes returned towards pre-treatment levels by 3 months. This study has shown that pulse methylprednisolone has an immediate anti-inflammatory and a prolonged immunological effect in AS. PMID- 6223737 TI - Characterization of low dose induced suppressor cells in adjuvant arthritis in rats. AB - Characterization of suppressor cells in adjuvant arthritis was performed by using highly susceptible DA strain rats. The results showed that suppressor cells were induced after a single inoculation of subarthritogenic dose of mycobacterial adjuvant. Relatively long incubation period was required for the induction of suppressor cells. Such cells were predominated in the draining lymph node and, after fractionation, only sIg- population was effective in conferring unresponsiveness. In vivo irradiation or hydrocortisone treatment suggested that low dose induced suppressor cells were resistant against such immunosuppressive treatments. In addition, by using alkyldiamine as a non-mycobacterial arthritogenic adjuvant, it was suggested that unresponsiveness induced by low dose priming with mycobacterial adjuvant was antigen specific. PMID- 6223738 TI - Impaired autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction with normal concanavalin A-induced suppression in adult polymyositis/dermatomyositis. AB - Polymyositis/dermatomyositis (PM/DM) is an autoimmune disorder of unknown aetiology. In order to study whether immunoregulatory abnormalities might be involved in this autoimmune state, we investigated the autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction (AMLR) and concanavalin A-induced suppressor cell function (Con A-induced suppression) in adult patients with primary PM/DM. We found the AMLR to be significantly depressed in patients; responsiveness could not be enhanced by increasing the numbers of non-T stimulator cells in culture, nor by varying the day on which cultures were harvested. Con A-induced suppression of T cell proliferative responses to mitogenic stimuli was normal. These findings implicate abnormal immunoregulation in the pathophysiology of PM/DM. Further, the dissociation of AMLR reactivity from Con A-inducible suppression suggests that events important for immunoregulatory competence may occur in the AMLR culture, despite the absence of an observed proliferative response. PMID- 6223739 TI - Patients with abnormal proportions of T-lymphocyte subsets have reduced in vitro cellular immunity. AB - Monoclonal antibodies which identify helper/inducer (OKT4) and cytotoxic/suppressor (OKT8) subsets of human T lymphocytes have recently been used to investigate immunoregulation in isolated cell populations, as well as in human disease states. However, the relationship between relative proportions of OKT4- and OKT8-positive blood lymphocytes and in vitro cellular immune function in patients with immunodeficiencies has not been studied extensively. We enumerated T-lymphocyte subsets with OKT4 and OKT8 antibodies, and measured proliferative responses to allogeneic cells in mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC) and to phytohemagglutinin (PHA), in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 60 patients with varying degrees of immunodeficiency and 20 healthy controls. Controls had 56.0 +/- 5.3% (mean +/- 1SD) OKT4-positive lymphocytes, 28.6 +/- 5.9% OKT8-positive lymphocytes, and an OKT4/8 ratio of 2.05 +/- 0.55. We defined as abnormal values of less than 40% OKT4-positive or greater than 45% OKT8 positive lymphocytes (3 SD below and above mean values, respectively), or an OKT4/8 ratio of less than 1.2. Patients with these abnormal percentages of T lymphocyte subsets had significantly lower mean MLC and PHA responses (P less than 0.001), and higher incidences of abnormal MLC and PHA responses (P less than 0.01). Abnormal proportions of T-lymphocyte subsets correlated with low MLC and PHA responses in most immunodeficient patients, although some patients with low MLC and PHA responses had normal subset distributions. T-Cell subset proportions were heterogeneous among patients with the same diagnosis. PMID- 6223740 TI - A model of Arthus pleurisy: modulation by various pharmacologic and therapeutic agents. AB - A reversed passive Arthus reaction was elicited in the rat pleural cavity. The kinetics of this inflammatory response indicate that exudate volume (cells and fluid) reaches a maximum level approximately 2 to 4 hr postantibody challenge. The neutrophil is the major cellular constituent of the pleural exudate during the first 12 hr of this reaction, reaching peak values at 4 hr; whereas, the monocyte predominates between 15 and 24 hr. Lymphocytes, eosinophils, and mast cells were also identified in the pleural exudates. The serotonin antagonists, cyproheptadine and methylsergide, and the antihistamine, chlorpheniramine, demonstrated marginal activity in the Arthus pleurisy model. The histamine antagonist, metiamide, was inactive. The nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents, flurbiprofen, ibuprofen, indomethacin, and benoxaprofen caused a modest suppression of exudate volume (18-32%) and cell accumulation (28-34%). The fluid and cellular components of the Arthus reaction were significantly inhibited by dexamethasone, triamcinolone, paramethasone, and prednisolone. The oral gold preparation, auranofin, had a pronounced effect on exudate volume; whereas, other antirheumatic agents such as D-penicillamine, azathioprine, and chloroquine had no effect on the Arthus pleurisy reaction. The immunomodulator, levamisole, suppressed exudate volume, but had no effect on cell accumulation in the pleural cavity. PMID- 6223741 TI - The alternative complement pathway control protein H binds to immune complexes and serves their detection. AB - During solubilization of immune complexes C3b becomes fixed to the immunoglobulin part and serves as a receptor for the alternative complement pathway control protein H. The H-C3b immune complex interaction can be made detectable using 4% polyethyleneglycol to separate free from bound 125I-H. Tetanus toxoid (Te)/anti Te complexes kept soluble with fresh serum and containing 125 IU of specific antibody bound 18% of 125I-H; when fresh serum was chelated with 10 mM EDTA, 125I H binding was only 5%. On sucrose density gradients, the H-binding material sedimented in the range of 12 to 30 S. In 36 serum samples from rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients and in 12 serum samples from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), 125I-H binding was significantly elevated to 9.5 +/- 4.7% (mean +/- 1 SD) and 13.3 +/- 5.6%, respectively, while 125I-H binding by 36 normal human sera was 4 +/- 2%. RA samples (17/36, 47%) and SLE samples (9/12, 75%) had H-binding values increased by more than 2 SD above the normal mean. The serum samples were also assessed for conglutinin- and C1q-binding activities; a significant correlation between H and C1q binding was observed (P less than 0.001); there was no correlation between H and conglutinin binding. Although binding to immune complexes through its interaction with C3b, H clearly detects a population of complexes other than conglutinin, thus expanding the possibilities of further characterizing pathological complexes. PMID- 6223742 TI - Immunoregulatory T cells in HBV-induced chronic liver disease as defined by monoclonal antibodies. AB - Peripheral blood T lymphocytes and T-cell subsets were analyzed in 19 patients with HBV-associated chronic liver disease, in 9 "autoimmune" chronic active hepatitis patients, and in three patients with HBV acute hepatitis. The percentages of the different T-cell subpopulations were defined by indirect immunofluorescence using monoclonal antibodies against all peripheral blood T cells (OKT3), T helper cells (OKT4), T suppressor cytotoxic cells (OKT8), and Ia antigens (OKIa1). The OKT4/OKT8 ratio was significantly lower in HBsAg+ chronic liver disease patients as compared with controls (P less than 0.001), with both decreases of T helper cells and increases of T suppressor cells, while "autoimmune" chronic active hepatitis patients showed a significantly increased ratio (P less than 0.001). Acute HBV infection was associated with a reversal in the normal ratio of helper to suppressor T lymphocytes. During convalescence helper T lymphocytes increased and suppressor T lymphocytes decreased. PMID- 6223743 TI - T lymphocytes in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia: characterization by monoclonal antibodies and correlation with Fc receptors. AB - In 35 patients with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL), T lymphocytes were characterized by their ability to react with OKT-4 and OKT-8 monoclonal antibodies. These T-cell subsets were also compared with the expression of Fc receptors. An imbalance in the distribution of OKT-4 and OKT-8 lymphocyte subpopulations was observed, with an overall significant reduction in the OKT 4/OKT-8 ratio. When the patients were subdivided according to Rai's staging classification, the OKT-4/OKT-8 ratio was more severely impaired in stages III and IV than in stages 0, I, and II. The correlation between the expression of Fc receptors and monoclonal antibodies revealed in both systems an increase in cells bearing suppressor phenotypes (OKT-8+ and TG+ cells) and a decrease in cells bearing helper phenotypes (OKT-4+ and TM+). However, a strict correlation between cells defined by the two assays could not be found in individual cases. In some cases a proportion of T lymphocytes (E+ and OKT-3+) did not express the OKT-4 and OKT-8 determinants; possible implications of this finding are discussed. These data provide further evidence of the T-cell abnormality in B-CLL and emphasize the importance of T-cell subsets in this disease. PMID- 6223744 TI - Evidence for a malignant proliferation of IgE-class specific helper T cells in a patient with Sezary syndrome exhibiting massive hyperimmunoglobulinemia E. AB - Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBM) from a patient with Sezary syndrome exhibiting massive hyperimmunoglobulinemia E were examined in vitro. The patient's PBM and B cells (Bp) but not normal individuals' PBM and B cells (Bn) produced spontaneously large amounts of IgE. The addition of pokeweed mitogen (PWM) did not affect IgE production by both the patient's and normal individuals' PBM. The IgE production by PWM-stimulated Bp was depressed when cocultured with normal T cells but not depressed with the patient's T cells (Tp). When Tp were cocultured with Bn, significantly larger than expected quantities of IgE were produced. Ig assay of the same supernates showed that Tp had significantly less helper activities for IgG, IgA, and IgM production. Almost all Tp possessed the Leu3a and Leu3b antigens which are expressed on the helper/inducer T cell subset. These results indicate that the neoplastic cells in this patient originated from a subset of T cells programmed not for IgG, IgA, and IgM, but for IgE synthesis. PMID- 6223745 TI - T-cell dysfunctions in IgA nephropathy: specific abnormalities in the regulation of IgA synthesis. AB - This work was undertaken to determine the cellular abnormalities that could explain the high levels of serum IgA frequently found in patients with IgA nephropathy. Seventeen control subjects and twenty-seven patients who had received no therapy were studied. After in vitro pokeweed mitogen (PWM) stimulation, significantly higher amounts of IgA were produced by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBM) of patients when compared with those of the control group (560 +/- 97 vs 231 +/- 57 ng/ml, P less than 0.0025). No differences were observed in the synthesis of IgG and IgM. Twenty out of twenty-seven patients presented an increase in the percentages of OKT4+ cells (mean + 2 SD), in relation to the control group, with normal or elevated percentages of OKT8+ cells. The OKT4+/OKT8+ cell ratio was elevated in 12 out of 27 patients. All patients presented some abnormality in the generation of IgA-specific suppressor cells at variable doses of concanavalin A (Con A) on in vitro PWM-stimulated culture of PBM. In both assays low doses of Con A (2.5 micrograms/ml) induced a certain suppression of IgA synthesis in patients that was not observed in the majority of the control group. At these doses some patients also showed an enhancement in the synthesis of IgG and IgM. On the contrary, higher doses of Con A (50 micrograms/ml) produced significantly less IgA suppression than the controls. Normal IgA-suppression values were found at 10 micrograms/ml of Con A. T cells obtained from patients were significantly more efficient than T cells from controls in providing IgA-helper activity for normal allogeneic enriched B cells (P less than 0.025) in PWM-stimulated cocultures. These results show that patients with IgA nephropathy present, after mitogen stimulation in vitro, a specifically increased production of IgA as well as an augmentation in the activity of IgA-helper T cell and a deregulation on IgA-suppressor T-cell function. According to these data, it is suggested that the alteration observed in helper T cells might precede that of suppressor T cells. These immunoregulatory abnormalities might contribute to the pathogenesis of the disease. PMID- 6223746 TI - Relationship between expression of Fc gamma receptors or Ia antigens and cytolytic activities of alloactivated human T cells. AB - The relationship between expression of Ia antigens or Fc gamma receptors (Fc gamma R) and different cytolytic activities of mixed leukocyte culture (MLC) activated T-cell populations was studied. Lymphocytes mediating specific lysis of target cells bearing the stimulating alloantigens (CTL) could clearly be distinguished from cells mediating antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) in that CTL were Fc gamma R- while cells mediating ADCC were Fc gamma R+. In contrast, MLC-generated natural killer (NK) cells were distributed in both the Fc gamma R- and Fc gamma R+ cell fractions. The presence or absence of Ia antigens did not correlate with any of the cytolytic activities studied. In addition, Fc gamma R- and not Fc gamma R+ cells responded in the secondary MLC. Thus, although Fc gamma R+ cells are generated in large numbers in MLC, they do not appear to play a direct role in specific cytotoxicity nor do they proliferate in response to secondary stimulation. However, their ability, following MLC generation, to mediate NK activity and ADCC, both of which may contribute to in vitro and in vivo lysis of allogeneic cells, might explain their appearance following allogenic stimulation. PMID- 6223747 TI - Phenotypes of T lymphocytes in systemic lupus erythematosus: decreased cytotoxic/suppressor subpopulation is associated with deficient allogeneic cytotoxic responses rather than with concanavalin A-induced suppressor cells. AB - Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) have decreased precursors of cytotoxic/suppressor T lymphocytes in their peripheral blood, as determined by monoclonal antibodies. To determine whether decrease of the cytotoxic or the suppressor parts (or both) of this subpopulation of T lymphocytes is being reflected by this peripheral mononuclear cell (MNC) abnormality, a series of experiments was conducted in which both the suppressive function (concanavalin A induced and spontaneous) and the generation of cytotoxic responses against alloantigens were tested. Cytotoxic responses were consistently diminished while suppressor capacity of MNC from patients with SLE (measured on several assays of normal T- and B-lymphocyte functions) was comparable to that of MNC from normal individuals. The defect in cytotoxic responses to alloantigens by MNC from SLE patients persisted following secondary stimulation in mixed-leukocyte cultures; the cytotoxic responses were not amplified and remained well below the responses of normal MNC. These experiments indicate that the decreased peripheral population of cytotoxic/suppressor lymphocytes in SLE patients represents low or absent precursors of cytotoxic cells rather than of precursors of suppressor cells. PMID- 6223748 TI - Long-lasting impairment of immune and endocrine systems of offspring induced by injection of dexamethasone into pregnant mice. AB - Dexamethasone was injected daily (2.5 and 5 micrograms/day) into pregnant mice from the 8th gestational day until delivery, and their offspring were examined in terms of body weight, organ histopathology, immunological function, and serum hormone level. Two different postnatal patterns were observed among the treated offspring: one pattern showing a wasting appearance and death within 1 week, and the other showing retardation of growth without any wasting appearance. In the latter, the offspring showed an immunologically impaired antibody-forming capacity to T-cell-dependent antigen (SRBC) and cell-mediated cytolytic T-cell activity. Histologically, the lymphoid tissues, thyroid, and adrenals of these offspring are atrophied and their serum thyroxine (T4) levels were significantly reduced. These results suggest that intrauterine exposure of the fetus to dexamethasone can disrupt the normal development and function of endocrine and immune organs which can lead to early death or retardation of growth after birth. PMID- 6223749 TI - A selective effect upon IgG synthesis by T gamma lymphocytes and their products in man. AB - Depletion of T lymphocytes possessing receptors for IgG (T gamma cells) from peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) results in enhanced pokeweed mitogen (PWM) induced IgG synthesis and secretion as compared to IgM. Concanavalin A (Con A) stimulation of T gamma cells causes release of soluble mediators able to suppress immunoglobulin synthesis by PWM-activated PBL. Such factors cause concentration dependent selective suppression of IgG synthesis. The mediators act upon T gamma cell-depleted lymphocyte populations, also preferentially suppressing the IgG PFC response while leaving the IgM response relatively intact. Thus T gamma cells and their products selectively affect IgG synthesis in vitro. PMID- 6223750 TI - The immunologic and ultrastructural characterization of the cellular infiltrate in acute cardiac allograft rejection: prevalence of cells with the natural killer (NK) phenotype. AB - The inflammatory cell infiltrates in 15 endomyocardial biopsies serially obtained from a human cardiac allograft during a 1 1/2-year period were characterized. An indirect immunofluorescent technique with hybridoma-derived monoclonal antibodies which preferentially react with B lymphocytes (anti-Ia), mature T cells (OKT3, Leu 1), and helper (OKT4b,d) and supressor/cytotoxic (OKT8) T-cell subsets and with natural killer cells, macrophages, and granulocytes (OKM1) was used. During each of seven rejection episodes the overwhelming majority of infiltrating cells in the endomyocardial biopsy were OKM1+Ia. These cells displayed short microvilli, a moderate amount of cytoplasm, numerous mitochondria, a large amount of rough endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi, and an indented nucleus, that is, the ultrastructural features of large, granular lymphocytes. Thus, they morphologically and phenotypically resemble those lymphoid cells which have been shown to possess natural killer (NK) functions in man. Occasional Leu 1+OKT3+ cells, some of which were OKT8+, were also seen during acute rejection. In each instance following therapy and resolution of the rejection episode only rare OKM1+Ia- cells were present. At this time the majority of the cells were Leu 1+OKT3+OKT8+. Routine biopsies, performed at times without evidence of rejection, showed only reactivity for Ia antigens by the capillary endothelium. These studies demonstrate the prevalence of cells with the natural killer phenotype in this human cardiac allograft during episodes of acute graft rejection. PMID- 6223751 TI - Studies of rheumatoid synovial fluid lymphocytes. II. A comparison of their behavior with blood mononuclear cells in the autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction and response to TCGF. AB - Synovial fluid lymphocytes (SFL) and peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) from patients with rheumatoid arthritis were compared for their response to lectin stimulation and for their behavior in the autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction (AMLR). The SFL proliferative response to phytohemagglutinin (PHA), as measured by tritiated thymidine incorporation at 72 hr, was lower than that of PBL (P less than 0.001). When T-cell growth factor (TCGF) was added to the medium, there was an increase in the SFL proliferative response to PHA (P less than 0.05). In contrast, TCGF did not alter significantly the PBL proliferative response to PHA. Mixing experiments were performed to determine whether the poor SFL proliferative response was due to passive absorption and removal of in situ-generated TCGF by "suppressor" cells. When cultured together, SFL did not suppress the PBL proliferative response to PHA, suggesting that decreased production of TCGF rather than competitive binding of TCGF results in the poor SFL proliferative response to lectin stimulation. In the AMLR, synovial fluid non-T cells were found to be more stimulatory to peripheral blood T cells than were peripheral blood non-T cells (P less than 0.001). In comparison to peripheral blood T cells, synovial fluid T cells were poor responders in the AMLR. Repetitive in vitro autologous stimulation of peripheral blood T cells resulted in proliferative responsiveness analogous to that of SFL, i.e., a relatively poor proliferative response in the AMLR and a poor response to PHA. The latter could be augmented by TCGF. The SFL requirement for exogenous TCGF is consistent with a state of immune activation. In vivo stimulation by non-T cells may play an important role in the immune activation which characterizes rheumatoid SFL. PMID- 6223752 TI - The active rosette mixed-lymphocyte reaction: an early marker of lymphocyte activation linked to HLA-D-DR differences. AB - A new approach to rapidly determine human mixed-lymphocyte culture (MLC) is presented. It is based on the identification of an early increase in the percentages of active T rosettes (TEa) in the MLC tubes. Active T rosettes represent a subset of T cells with high-avidity receptors for sheep red blood cells. All subjects tested had a full determination of their HLA-A, -B,-C, and -D DR. The following observations were made: (1) When the MLC was done between 10 pairs of fully HLA-A,-B,-C, and -D-DR incompatible subjects, a highly significant increase (P less than 0.001) was observed after 2 hr of MLC in all pairs tested. (2) The same increase was observed in all 10 pairs of identical HLA-A,-B, and -C subjects but not sharing HLA-D-DR antigens. (3) In the cases of HLA-D-DR semi identity, the increase in TEa percentages was less marked after 2 hr of culture (P less than 0.05) and delayed in time to reach the significance level of P less than 0.001 after 4 hr of culture. (4) In contrast, in the case of full HLA-D-DR identity, no increase in TEa percentages was observed at any time in the culture (2, 4, and 24 hr and 4 days) in nine pairs of subjects tested (two pairs of identical twins). In conclusion, these results indicate that the active T rosette MLC is a rapid approach (2 hr) to evaluate HLA-D-DR differences without influence by HLA-A,-B, or -C. As such it is an early marker for HLA-D-DR determination and may become a useful tool in the field of human histocompatibility to study the HLA-D-DR region. PMID- 6223753 TI - Physiological variation of blood lymphocyte reactivity: T-cell subsets, immunoglobulin production, and mixed-lymphocyte reactivity. AB - Highly purified blood lymphocytes from healthy individuals were obtained from samples collected before and after a standardized bicycle ergometer test. In accordance with previous findings physical work resulted in a marked increase of circulating lymphocytes, with a proportionate decrease of T lymphocytes and increase of non-T lymphocytes including B cells. The decrease of T lymphocytes was accounted for by a reduction of cells reactive with the monoclonal OKT4 serum (helper/inducer), whereas the proportion of OKT8-positive cells (suppressor/cytotoxic) remained unchanged. The lymphocyte production of IgG, IgM, and IgA after 7 days culture with pokeweed mitogen and the lymphocyte DNA synthesis after activation by allogeneic cells was reduced during work. It is concluded that nonspecific stress changes the composition of T-lymphocyte subsets with depression of T-cell stimulation and T-cell-dependent immunoglobulin production. PMID- 6223754 TI - Inhibition of the production of a soluble helper mediator by cyclosporin A results in the failure to generate alloreactive cytolytic cells in mixed lymphocyte culture. AB - The mechanism of action of cyclosporin A (CsA) in inhibiting the induction of alloreactive cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTL) in mixed-lymphocyte culture (MLC) was investigated. CsA at concentrations of 10(-3) to 10(-1) micrograms/ml completely prevented the generation of CTL. However, the addition of culture supernatants from mitogen-activated lymphocytes to MLC not only significantly reversed the suppressive effect of CsA but also fully restored the reactivity of lymphocytes already treated with CsA. By measuring the presence of a soluble helper mediator (SHF) in MLC supernatants, we found that CsA-treated lymphocytes produced no SHF, possibly interleukin 2 (IL-2). The effect of CsA on receptors for IL-2 was subsequently studied and it was found that the binding capacity of 125I-labeled IL-2 to lymphocytes was not altered by the presence of CsA. These findings suggest that the prevention of helper cells from producing SHF, rather than the inhibition of the response of effector cells to SHF, is a possible explanation for the immunosuppression mediated by CsA. PMID- 6223755 TI - Monoclonal antibodies to human complement receptor (CR1) detect defects in glomerular diseases. AB - The complement receptor for C3b of the epithelial cells of human glomeruli is structurally and functionally very similar or identical to CR1, the complement receptor for C3b and C4b present on the membrane of red cells and leukocytes. Four monoclonal antibodies directed against separate epitopes of CR1 react with an antigen in the glomeruli, which appears to be present on the epithelial podocytes. Moreover, the monoclonal antibodies very effectively inhibit the binding of C3b-bearing red cells to the glomeruli. The pattern of immunofluorescence of the receptor was normal or slightly altered in patients with minimal change disease, mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis (GN), or idiopathic membranous GN. Glomeruli with endocapillary proliferation showed some attenuation of staining. Glomeruli in which the capillary tuft architecture was altered, or of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, or of patients with diffuse diabetic nephropathy tended to have few foci or no staining for the receptor. No correlation was found between the intensities of staining of the C3b receptor and of C3 antigen deposited in the glomeruli. PMID- 6223756 TI - Role of immunoglobulin class in mediation of experimental mesangial glomerulonephritis. AB - The contribution of immunoglobulin class to the histology and ultrastructure of renal lesions were examined in an experimental model of glomerulonephritis in which the glomerular deposits were selected to be predominantly IgM or IgG. The selection was accomplished by immunizing and then injecting rabbits with a carrier preparation plus heat-denatured (HD) DNA (n = 11) or ultraviolet irradiated (uv) DNA [n = 11). It has been shown previously that HD DNA gives rise to an IgM antibody response and uv DNA to an IgG response. Groups of rabbits immunized with each preparation produced largely IgM (HD DNA) or IgG (uv DNA) anti-DNA antibody. After 10 and 20 weeks of injections, animals receiving both antigens developed diffuse mesangial hypercellularity with either IgM or IgG deposits accompanied by C3; by ultrastructural analysis all deposits were confined to the mesangium. By 28 weeks, heavy mesangial IgM and IgG deposits were noted but no quantitative or qualitative differences in the renal histology was observed. Individual animals developed sporadic hematuria and azotemia but proteinuria was not found. These results show that both IgM and IgG can mediate experimental mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis and that the immunoglobulin class of the glomerular deposits does not influence the appearance of the renal lesion. PMID- 6223757 TI - Expression of a receptor for sheep erythrocytes by B lymphocytes from a chronic lymphocytic leukemia patient. AB - A patient with a B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia, whose lymphocytes also formed rosettes with sheep red cells, is described. The B-cell nature of the malignant lymphocytes was determined by surface marker analysis, and cytochemical and ultrastructural studies. The lymphocyte membrane immunoglobulin (IgG1K) did not have anti-sheep red cell activity and was not responsible for the binding of sheep erythrocytes to the leukemic cells as shown by (i) the failure to inhibit rosette formation with anti-immunoglobulin reagents and (ii) the different sensitivity to proteolysis of the membrane immunoglobulin and the sheep erythrocyte receptor. The malignant lymphocytes expressed a receptor for sheep erythrocytes similar to that of normal T cells since they stained with monoclonal antibodies directed against the sheep red cell receptors. Furthermore these antibodies blocked rosette formation. Endogenous labeling experiments demonstrated that the patient's cells produced IgG both of the membrane and of the secretory type. The latter molecular form was also actively secreted. Ultrastructural studies demonstrated that the malignant clone comprised cells at different maturational stages and with different secretory properties. These findings were confirmed by the analysis of intracytoplasmic acid hydrolases, which are normally expressed at late maturational stages. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that a process of maturation was occurring within the malignant clone. PMID- 6223758 TI - Acquired immune dysfunction in homosexual men: immunologic profiles. AB - Homosexual men with Kaposi sarcoma, lymphadenopathy syndrome, opportunistic infection, and nonhomosexual traditional Kaposi sarcoma were evaluated for B cell, T cell, and complement immunity and compared to normal controls and homosexual controls. No significant immunologic abnormalities were found in the traditional Kaposi group. All homosexual groups, including the homosexual controls, had a significant decrease in the helper/suppressor cell ratio. Functional abnormalities of T-cell immunity were observed in the homosexual Kaposi sarcoma, lymphadenopathy syndrome, and opportunistic infection groups. Significant elevations of IgG, IgM, IgA, and IgE were found in the lymphadenopathy group, while only IgG and IgA were elevated in the Kaposi sarcoma group. C3, C4, and immune complexes were normal, while total hemolytic complement activity was increased in the Kaposi sarcoma and lymphadenopathy syndrome groups. PMID- 6223759 TI - Imbalances in subsets of T lymphocytes in an inbred pedigree with Omenn's syndrome. PMID- 6223760 TI - T-cell subsets in human lymphocytes maintained in IL-2 medium after PHA or mixed lymphocyte reaction activation. AB - The culture of human T lymphocytes in interleukin-2 (IL-2) containing growth factor medium results in a significant shift in the T-lymphocytes subsets isolated from such cultures at weekly intervals. If normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells are stimulated with phytohemagglutinin (PHA) or in a mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR), the resulting T lymphoblasts can be propagated in growth factor medium. Staining of the cultured cells with monoclonal antibodies was evaluated by indirect immunofluorescence on a laser-activated flow cytometer (Ortho Spectrum III). The antibodies used were: OKT3 (mature T lymphocytes), OKT4 (helper/inducer T lymphocytes), OKT8 (cytotoxic/suppressor T lymphocytes, OKT10 (immature and "activated" lymphocytes), OKT11a (cells which rosette with sheep erythrocytes), and OKIa-I (HLA-DR constant region). Both PHA and MLR activation resulted in initial preservation of the OKT4+ subset predominance over OKT8+ T lymphocytes noted on normal circulating blood lymphocytes. However, during culture in T-cell growth factor medium, there was a progressive increase in the percentage of OKT8+ cells, and a concomitant decrease in OKT4+ lymphoblasts. The increase in OKT8+ cells in the MLR-stimulated cultures was paralleled by an increase in specific cell-mediated cytotoxicity against the stimulating lymphocyte population. In addition to the shift in T-lymphocyte subset, there was virtual 100% staining with OKT3 and OKT11a, indicating the T-cell nature of the proliferating cells. OKT10 which was present on a small subset of fresh blood lymphocytes appeared rapidly in stimulated cultures, and was retained on virtually all lymphoblasts of either OKT4+ or OKT8+ subset. OKIa-1 cells increased slowly in PHA-stimulated cultures. HLA-DR+ T cells were detected earlier in MLR cultures. The activation of T lymphocytes results in a significant increase in the number of molecules of OKT11a bound per cell, in concert with the increased avidity of T lymphoblasts for sheep erythrocytes. The significant change in the phenotype and function of lymphoblasts isolated from long-term cultures demonstrates the importance of monitoring cultures, and the potential hazards in equating a cultured cell population with a freshly isolated one. PMID- 6223761 TI - Spontaneous and alloantigen-induced cytotoxicity by human T-lymphocyte subpopulations. AB - Freshly isolated human T lymphocytes were separated into two subpopulations on the basis of their ability to form E rosettes after treatment with the phosphodiesterase inhibitor, theophylline. T cells that retained the ability to form E rosettes (T-res cells) and those that failed to form E rosettes (T-sens cells) were assayed for natural killer (NK) cell activity against 51Cr-labeled K562 tumor cells and for the ability to proliferate and kill allogeneic cells in mixed-lymphocyte culture (MLC). T-sens cells were highly enriched for NK activity. In contrast, T-res cells exhibited much less activity than either T sens or unseparated T cells (T-sens greater than unseparated T cells approximately equal to unseparated PBL approximately equal to non-T cells greater than T-res cells). T-sens cells were poorly responsive to allogeneic cells in proliferation assays and demonstrated greater levels of cytotoxicity against allogeneic cells than T-res cells. T cells stimulated with allogeneic lymphocytes for 7 days were cytotoxic for K562 targets while comparably stimulated non-T cells and T cells cultured with medium were not cytotoxic. Cold target inhibition experiments suggested that within the T-sens subset there are overlapping populations which mediate cytotoxicity against K562 and allogeneic cells. These studies demonstrate that freshly isolated human T cells are composed of heterogeneous populations which differ in their ability to mediate NK and to generate cytotoxic T lymphocytes in culture. PMID- 6223762 TI - Suppressor cells of natural killer activity in normal and tumor-bearing individuals. AB - Suppressor cells of the human natural killer activity were found in normal peripheral blood and in the blood of patients with untreated primary carcinomas. When lymphocytes from healthy donors were fractionated by Percoll density gradient centrifugation, small lymphocytic, high-density cells inhibited K562 killing in 9/55 consecutively tested cases, and lymphocytes from tumor patients in 1/25 consecutively tested cases. Further fractionation of the suppressor cells was achieved by EA rosetting, since strong suppressor cell activity was seen in the population of cells forming EA rosettes with antibody-coated erythrocytes, whereas the nonrosette-forming cells did not generally suppress. Out of the 33 further fractionated samples from healthy donors, 20 rosette-forming lymphocytic cell fractions exerted strong suppression and out of the 7 samples from tumor patients 2 exerted suppression after EA rosetting. The increase in suppression after EA rosetting was partly due to enrichment of suppressor cells, and partly due to activation of FcR-positive suppressor cells after exposure to immune complexes. The involvement of soluble immune complexes, possibly retained on the suppressor cell surface, was ruled out by the following criteria (i) trypsin and pronase treatment of suppressor cells did not inhibit suppression, (ii) protein A had no effect on the level suppression, and (iii) suppression was also seen with cells which had not been exposed to immune complexes. PMID- 6223763 TI - Experimental erythrocyte autoimmunity prevented by suppressor T cells in mice treated with Cyclosporin-A. AB - Mice injected with rat erythrocytes produce erythrocyte autoantibodies and suppressor cells that inhibit autoantibody production without inhibiting the net production of antibodies against rat RBC. Here it is shown that injecting mice with Cyclosporin-A daily for up to 13 days during the course of injections of rat RBC significantly inhibits autoantibody production. Antibody production against rat RBC was also inhibited. The Cyclosporin-A-treated mice that did not produce autoantibodies produced suppressor cells that inhibited autoantibody production in adoptive transfer experiments. These suppressor cells, which did not inhibit antibody production against rat RBC, were destroyed by treatment with anti-Thy 1.2 serum and complement. From the results, it is suggested that in this experimentally induced autoimmune disease, suppressor T cells may be activated and/or preferentially spared in Cyclosporin-A-treated mice. PMID- 6223764 TI - Active T rosettes, human autologous T rosettes, OKT8 and OKT4 cells, con A induced suppressive activity, and autoantibodies: clinical correlations. AB - Correlations between various T-cell subsets: OKT4, OKT8, TEh (human autologous T rosettes), and TEa (active T rosettes) cells and the concanavalin A-induced suppressor function assessed on Con A proliferation have been analyzed in 46 patients with various secondary immunological disorders. The different T subsets and the suppressive activity were also compared in patients with and without autoantibodies. Significant positive correlations were found between T-cell markers TEa-OKT8 and TEh-OKT4. Significant inverse correlations were also found between Con A-induced suppressive activity-OKT4/OKT8 ratios, and TEa-OKT4/OKT8 ratios suggesting that the subpopulations identified by the active T rosettes are probably involved in T immunoregulatory mechanisms. There was no association between the Con A-induced suppressive function or the T markers TEa, OKT4, and OKT8, and the presence of autoantibodies. Only subjects with autoantibodies had a lower percentage of T lymphocytes forming autologous rosettes. These observations emphasize the fact that lack of correlation may exist between markers or function and immune status in some patients. PMID- 6223765 TI - Cellular immune function in uremia: altered cytotoxic and suppressor cell responses to an immunomodulating heptapeptide. AB - Hemodialysates of uremic patients have been shown by T. Abiko, M. Kumikawa, and H. Sekimo (Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 86, 945, 1979) to contain a heptapeptide which inhibits E-rosette formation by human T cells. This heptapeptide also corresponds to a fragment of beta 2-microglobulin and may play an immunoregulatory role in uremia. We investigated the potential for induction of cytotoxic and suppressor cells by the synthetic heptapeptide (HP) in blood lymphocytes of normal donors and uremic patients. Cytotoxic activity of normal lymphocytes was significantly enhanced by low concentrations of HP while high concentrations depressed it. Two patterns of responsiveness were observed among uremic patients: a high responder group reacted similarly to normals, whereas a low responder group showed little reactivity to HP. Removal of the NH2-terminal histidine of the heptapeptide strongly diminished its enhancing activity on normal cytotoxic cells while maintaining activity on uremic lymphocytes. When HP and des-His-HP were studied as possible inducers of suppressor cell activity, only the latter was found to be active on normal cells. Lymphocytes from uremic patients failed to respond to either HP or des-His-HP in suppressor cell generation. It is suggested that continuous interaction between lymphocytes and high concentrations of HP or des-His-HP in uremia may have altered their sensitivity to the immunomodulatory effects of the peptides and may be instrumental in the immune deficiency associated with renal failure. PMID- 6223766 TI - Circulating T-cell subsets in Graves' disease: differences between patients with active disease and in remission after 131I-therapy. AB - In the present investigation some surface markers in peripheral blood T lymphocytes of patients with active Graves' disease and subjects in remission after 131I-therapy have been studied. We confirmed low TG levels in untreated patients and normal values in treated subjects. Increased percentages of DR+, MLR4+ (activated T cells), and 5/9+ (inducer-helper) T cells were detected in patients with active disease, thus indicating the presence of activated T cells and suggesting increased levels of helper T cells. High percentages of MLR4+ and 5/9+, but normal levels of DR+ were found in 131I-treated subjects. The different distribution of DR and MLR4 positivities on 5/9+ and 5+9-T cells confirm the different meaning of these two markers of the activation state. The imbalance of T-cell subsets found in 131I-treated subjects and the normal values observed in patients with hyperthyroidism due to toxic adenoma indicate that hyperthyroidism per se is not sufficient to explain the T-cell alterations. The possible meaning of these findings is discussed with respect to previous hypotheses on the pathogenesis of Graves' disease. PMID- 6223767 TI - Depletion of helper/inducer T cells after thymectomy in myasthenic patients. AB - Using monoclonal anti-T-cell antibodies, we have studied peripheral blood T-cell subsets in 53 patients with myasthenia gravis before and after thymectomy (Tx). Before Tx, the mean OKT4/OKT8 ratio was higher in patients than in controls. Furthermore patients showed a high number of cells reacting simultaneously with the OKT4 and OKT8 antibodies. Shortly after surgery, the helper/suppressor ratio was increased in most of the patients, and the doubly reactive subset decreased to normal levels. However, 6 to 12 months after Tx the OKT4/OKT8 ratio was significantly decreased, particularly in patients showing clinical improvement. The percentage of total T cells was slightly but significantly reduced. A group of 14 patients studied more than 2 years after Tx presented very low OKT4/OKT8 ratios. Thymectomy in MG appears to lead to a gradual decrease of the T-helper subset which could contribute to its favorable effect on the course of the disease. PMID- 6223768 TI - The autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction is not primarily due to xenoantigenic stimulation. AB - Autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction (AMLR) is an interesting in vitro system in which T lymphocytes proliferate when cultured with non-T cells from the same individual. Because this system has both memory and specificity and elicits help, suppression, cytotoxicity, and soluble mediators, it has been proposed that it reflects in vitro the complex interactions of the immunologic network as it operates in vivo. A recent study, however, has cast doubt on the significance of this reaction by implicating xenoantigens, present during separation and/or culture procedures (e.g., sheep red blood cells or fetal calf serum), in the proliferative response of T cells. This question is analyzed by performing AMLR studies with cells (from eight normal subjects) that were separated with and without the use of sheep erythrocytes, and incubated with either fetal calf serum on normal human AB serum. Results were similar in all circumstances and negate a primary role of xenoantigens in AMLR. PMID- 6223769 TI - Mesangial IgA nephropathy: detection of defective reticulophagocytic function in vivo. AB - The splenic component of the reticulophagocytic system (RPS) was studied in 20 patients with primary mesangial IgA nephropathy and 15 healthy controls. Eight patients were hypertensive, seven had renal failure and six had significant proteinuria. RPS function was assessed by the measurement of T1/2 clearance of altered, radio-labelled autologous erythrocytes. Three different methods were used to alter the red cells - thermal stress, sulfhydryl inhibition with N ethylmaleimide (NEM) and antibody-coating - and in 12 patients two of these methods were used simultaneously in double-isotope-labelled studies. Impaired clearance was demonstrated in 16 of the 20 patients. T1/2 of NEM-altered cells was abnormal in 12 of 19 studies in 17 patients (i.e. T1/2 greater than 22.5 mins) while T1/2 of IgG-coated cells was abnormal in 8 of 10 patients (i.e. T1/2 greater than 62 mins). The clearance of thermally-damaged cells was not significantly different from that observed in controls (normal range: 10.5-17 mins). In the double-isotope studies, the clearance of NEM-altered cells correlated with the clearance of IgG-coated cells (P less than 0.05). There was no correlation between T1/2 clearance times and circulating immune complexes. These abnormalities of splenic function suggest there is a primary reticulophagocytic defect in patients with mesangial IgA nephropathy. This finding could bear relevance to the pathogenesis of the disease. PMID- 6223771 TI - Total body retention measurements of Tc-99m MDP using a simple detector. PMID- 6223770 TI - Problem cases in renovascular hypertension. AB - The clinical course and response to therapy of 16 patients with various complex forms of renovascular hypertension were investigated. Reconstructive surgery and/or transluminal dilatation was either ineffective (n = 5) or could not be performed for technical reasons (n = 11). The group contained 7 patients with multilocular fibromuscular disease involving both renal arteries, two cases with multiple arteriosclerotic vascular occlusions, 3 patients with branch renal artery aneurysms, 3 with renal artery stenosis in a solitary kidney and one patient with renal artery stenosis and contraction of the contralateral kidney due to a non-vascular cause. With antihypertensive treatment, particularly with the angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor captopril (n = 7), blood pressure could be reduced from 214 +/- 40/124 +/- 23 mm Hg to 145 +/- 23/88 +/- 9 mm Hg (P less than 0.001). In 11 of the 16 patients (69%) the values decreased to less than 160/95 mm Hg. These results suggest that, in complex forms of renovascular hypertension, antihypertensive treatment may be a potent therapeutic alternative if surgery and/or transluminal dilatation can not be performed or seem to have too high a risk. PMID- 6223772 TI - Splenic "hot spot" due to redundant tissue. PMID- 6223773 TI - Synovial visualization during Tc-99m MDP bone scanning in septic arthritis of the knee. AB - During Tc-99m medronate (MDP) bone scintigraphy, visualization of the synovium during blood flow and blood pool phases was present in a patient with septic arthritis of the left knee. Inflammation with hyperemia of the synovium was the cause for radionuclide localization, which was enhanced by the large photon deficient effusion distending the suprapatellar bursa. The synovium was not seen on delayed images after redistribution of the radionuclide from blood pool to bone phase. PMID- 6223774 TI - Fibrosarcoma. Photopenic lesion on a bone scan. PMID- 6223775 TI - Renal vein thrombosis as a cause of excess renal accumulation of bone seeking agents. PMID- 6223776 TI - Splenic hemorrhage demonstrated on Tc-99m sulfur colloid spleen scan. PMID- 6223777 TI - Gallium-67 scintigraphy. The beard sign. PMID- 6223778 TI - Thallium-201 myocardial scintigraphy: an overview. PMID- 6223779 TI - Carbamazepine-associated exfoliative dermatitis. PMID- 6223780 TI - [Therapeutic trend in acne associated with the menstrual cycle]. PMID- 6223781 TI - The thoraco-lumbar spine. PMID- 6223782 TI - Glucagon induced inactivation of phosphofructokinase and its counteraction by insulin in isolated hepatocytes from the domestic fowl (Gallus domesticus). AB - The effects of glucagon and insulin on phosphofructokinase activity in isolated chicken hepatocytes were studied. Phosphofructokinase activity was decreased in extracts of hepatocytes exposed to glucagon both at subsaturating (0.2 mM) and saturating (5 mM) concentrations of fructose 6-phosphate. Both effects were still present after Sephadex G-25 gel filtration and subsequent ammonium sulfate precipitation. Half-maximal effects of glucagon were found between 10(-11) and 10(-10) M glucagon. Insulin alone had no effect but decreased the action of glucagon. PMID- 6223784 TI - HLA-DR and renal transplantation. PMID- 6223783 TI - The receptor on mast cells and related cells with high affinity for IgE. PMID- 6223785 TI - ST-T segment changes in patients with essential hypertension. AB - The cause of ischaemic ST-T segment changes in essential hypertension (EH) was investigated. The ECG was compared to coronary arteriograms and autopsy findings. In group A (n = 75) without ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) pathologic ST-T changes were found in 39 patients. All of these had a coronary artery disease (CAD). In group B (n = 50) with LVH a pathologic ST-T segment was observed in 20 patients; 16 of these had a CAD. The association between pathologic ST-T segments and CAD was significant in both groups. It is concluded that among patients with EH, changes in the ST-T segment are almost always due to the CAD, regardless of the presence LVH. PMID- 6223786 TI - Reversibility of left ventricular hypertrophy before and after surgical treatment of renovascular hypertension. AB - The reversibility of left ventricular hypertrophy was evaluated on the basis of ECG recorded in 33 patients before and after surgical treatment of renovascular hypertension. One year after operation the ECG showed normalization in 45% of hypertensives with signs of left ventricular hypertrophy, improvement in 30% and no changes in 25%. PMID- 6223787 TI - Investigations on the heat lability of enzyme activities in bovine lenses following incubation under various culture conditions. AB - The quality of different culture media and incubation procedures has occasionally been tested by measurements of the specific enzyme activities in incubated lenses. New methodology developments in the field of enzymology, such as partial heat denaturation of enzyme activities have so far rarely been used in the investigations on the physiologic conditions of incubated lenses. Investigations with bovine lenses separated into cortex and nucleus, involving different media and incubation periods, indicate that tests on the heat lability of the enzyme phosphofructokinase (PFK) allow early recognition of intra-molecular alterations which lead to changes in the stability. The method is based on the fact that the PFK in the lens nucleus forms a metastable component (metazyme) during aging, which is more susceptible to heat (50 degrees C) than the native PFK component. PMID- 6223788 TI - The evolutionary history of the ornithine cycle as a determinant of its structure and regulation. PMID- 6223789 TI - Prosthetic patch angioplasty for coarctation repair: effects of patch size and material on development of patch thrombosis and neointima. PMID- 6223790 TI - Usefulness of two-dimensional echocardiography in diagnosing right ventricular hypertrophy. AB - The purpose of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of two-dimensional echocardiographic (2D echo) measurements in diagnosing right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH). These measurements of the right atrium and the ventricle were made in 15 patients with right ventricular hypertrophy and in 11 normal subjects and were as follows: right atrium long axis 2.13 +/- 0.42 vs 1.36 +/- 0.11 cm/m2 (p less than 0.001); right atrium short axis 2.78 +/- 0.60 vs 2.06 +/- 0.26 cm/m2 (p less than 0.001); right atrial area 8.81 +/- 2.79 vs 4.00 +/- 0.33 cm2/m2 (p less than 0.001); right ventricular long axis 4.65 +/- 0.64 vs 3.27 +/- 0.49 cm/m2 (p less than 0.001); and right ventricular area 13.02 +/- 3.64 versus 6.19 +/- 0.74 cm2/m2 (p less than 0.001). The 2D echo right atrial area and long axis had a sensitivity and specificity of 100 percent in the diagnosis of right ventricular hypertrophy. We conclude that 2D echo is useful in the diagnosis of right ventricular hypertrophy. PMID- 6223791 TI - Echocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy in hypertension. PMID- 6223792 TI - Clinical evaluation of combination of cefmetazole and piperacillin in the treatment of infections in patients with acute leukemia. AB - 27 episodes of infection in patients with acute leukemia were treated with combination of cefmetazole and piperacillin. Causative bacteria were isolated in each infection. The patients were treated with 6 g cefmetazole and 15 g piperacillin per day in three divided doses. Among the episodes of infection, 21 (78%) of 27 responded to cefmetazole and piperacillin. Adverse reactions were skin rash in 2 patients, transient elevation of serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase in 3 patients and elevation of creatinine in 1 patient. Cefmetazole and piperacillin appear to be an effective combination, with acceptable adverse reactions, for the empiric therapy of infection in patients with acute leukemia. PMID- 6223793 TI - In vitro activity of teichomycin against isolates of gram-positive bacteria. AB - The in vitro activity of teichomycin has been evaluated against 189 clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis and group D streptococci. Teichomycin was as active as vancomycin, a chemically related antibiotic, on staphylococci and inhibited the in vitro growth of methicillin resistant strains at the same concentration necessary to inhibit the sensitive ones. Against group D streptococci teichomycin was about three times more active than vancomycin (MIC50 = 0.125 mg/l, MIC90 = 0.4 mg/l). MBC:MIC ratios of both drugs against staphylococci were comparable, but teichomycin had higher bactericidal activity against group D streptococci, as shown also by killing curves. The activity of teichomycin was not significantly affected by variation of pH, even if the maximum activity was achieved at neutral pH, or by different methods of MIC evaluation. The antibiotic seemed more active when tested with a low inoculum (10(3)-10(5)/ml): a two- to threefold increase in MIC was observed at an inoculum of 10(7)/ml. A reduction of the in vitro activity could be shown when Penassay broth was used as culture medium. PMID- 6223794 TI - [Postoperative gas gangrene of the abdominal wall. Healing following "half-open" treatment of a complete abdominal wall rupture with intestinal prolapse]. PMID- 6223795 TI - Tumor recurrence in the abdominal wall scar tissue after large-bowel cancer surgery. AB - In the Melbourne (Monash) series reviewed here the development of apparently isolated incisional scar tissue recurrences after curative excisions for large bowel cancer proved unusual. Eleven patients with such a recurrence all died of disseminated disease within four years, and most within 12 months, of its development. This suggests that an incisional recurrence is a manifestation of disseminated cancer rather than isolated implantation. PMID- 6223796 TI - Causes of eczema in the food industry. AB - In a retrospective study covering a five-year period, 3664 consecutive patients suspected to suffer from contact dermatitis were patch tested in a private dermatology clinic. 180 of these patients had food handling occupations; they were employed in restaurant or institutional kitchens, fish factories, bakeries, or slaughterhouses. 25 of the 180 patients had protein dermatitis caused by meat or vegetables. This particular dermatitis was most common among restaurant personnel who make openface sandwiches and fish factory workers. 59 of the 180 patients had positive patch tests: 9 of these were to the food items: onion, lettuce, potato and carrot. For 91 of the 180 patients the dermatitis was considered to be occupational. PMID- 6223797 TI - Occupational skin diseases in shipyard workers. AB - We have determined the prevalence of skin disorders in shipyard workers by means of an epidemiological cross-sectional study. Of 2057 employees answering a questionnaire, 16% reported present skin lesions. The employees in five chosen trades, altogether 355 persons, were seen by a nurse, who referred all cases of present skin lesions to a dermatologist for further examination. Occupational eczema was found in 11% of the 66 cleaners, 10% of the 94 carpenters, while no case was found among the 71 office workers. Of the 20 cases of occupational eczema, 5 were allergic and 15 irritant. The arms and legs were afflicted as commonly as the hands. PMID- 6223798 TI - [Bird's eye ecthymata in a fish seller]. PMID- 6223799 TI - [Clinical aspects and therapy of Paget's disease (osteitis deformans)]. PMID- 6223800 TI - [Laparoscopic jejunum perforation]. PMID- 6223802 TI - Influence of neonatally administered dehydroepiandrosterone on reproduction of rats. AB - Male and female rats were injected with dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) from day 2 after birth to day 12 on alternate days. The inhibition of the growth of testes, seminal vesicles, adrenal glands and pituitary was found immediately after cessation of treatment. When adult, the neonatally DHEA treated males showed diminished copulatory activity. In contrast, no impairment of sexual behaviour could be found in females. However, neonatal DHEA treatment resulted in a dose dependent impairment of cyclicity in the females, accompanied by sub- or infertility. These findings suggest that DHEA shows some dissociation between its organizing influence on gonadotropin secretion and sexual behaviour. PMID- 6223803 TI - Changes in 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 alpha- and 24-hydroxylase activities of kidney cells isolated from rats with either unilateral kidney damage or acute renal insufficiency. AB - 25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 1 alpha- and 24-hydroxylase, NADPH-cytochrome c reductase, heme oxygenase, and ATPase activities were studied in viable kidney cells isolated from rats submitted to unilateral kidney damage (cortical electrocoagulation) and during the development of acute renal failure subsequent to excision of the contralateral undamaged kidney. Measurements of blood pH, plasma total and ionized calcium, phosphorus, creatinine, kidney histology, and phosphorus nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy determinations of phosphorus containing compounds in kidney tissue were also performed. Seventy-two hours after unilateral kidney damage, no significant changes were observed in blood pH or in the plasma parameters studied. During this period, a significant increase in the activity of the 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 hydroxylases could be demonstrated in the cells of the contralateral undamaged kidney. A similar pattern of compensatory rise in the activity of the other enzymes studied was not detected. However, in the damaged kidney viable cells, the hydroxylase activities remained unchanged relative to those in sham-operated controls, despite a 5-fold increase in the inorganic phosphate content and a marked decrease in the organophosphorus and ATP content of this tissue. During the development of acute renal failure, a significant decrease in the activity of the hydroxylases occurred only when the rise in plasma creatinine concentration suggested severe renal insufficiency. PMID- 6223804 TI - Brown adipose tissue metabolism in streptozotocin-diabetic rats. AB - Defects of both diet-induced thermogenesis and cold tolerance have been reported for streptozotocin-diabetic rats. Since brown adipose tissue (BAT) is a major effector of both diet- and cold-induced thermogenesis in the rat, the possible cause of these defects was investigated by comparing BAT metabolism under basal conditions and during activation by nerve stimulation, norepinephrine (NE), or octanoate addition in both streptozotocin-diabetic rats and in controls. The following metabolic indices were measured in rat interscapular BAT (IBAT): 1) tissue composition, 2) heat production rate as measured by direct microcalorimetry, 3) redox state of flavoproteins linked to the acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase pathway as measured by reflection spectrometry, 4) redox state of NAD(P) as measured by surface-emitted fluorescence, and 5) fatty acid activation and beta-oxidation activities in IBAT homogenate. In streptozotocin-diabetic rats, IBAT was atrophied (DNA content unmodified, protein and lipid content decreased). The basal and NE-stimulated total heat production rates showed a 75% and 56% decrease, respectively. The specific activity of fatty acid beta oxidation as measured by flavoprotein redox state or enzymatically was decreased by 52% and 59%, respectively. The basal redox level of NAD(P) was about 3 times higher than in the controls and NE stimulation resulted in oxidation in contrast to the reduction observed in control tissues. These results show that the metabolic capacity of IBAT from streptozotocin-diabetic rats is decreased and further suggest that the reduced capacity for beta-oxidation contributes significantly to the metabolic alteration. PMID- 6223806 TI - Laparoscopic transparietal puncture of the gallbladder. AB - Transparietal laparoscopic puncture of the gallbladder with concomitant therapeutic treatment is shown to be an effective method for the prevention of acute cholecystitis as a stage in the preparation of the patient for surgery. PMID- 6223805 TI - Platelet-derived growth factor selectively decreases prolactin production in pituitary cells in culture. AB - Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) markedly reduced the production of PRL without affecting GH production in GH4C1 cells. The ED50 was 6 ng/ml (2 X 10(-10) M), and maximum inhibition occurred at 50 ng/ml (1.5 X 10(-9) M) PDGF. There was no acute effect of PDGF on PRL release. PDGF treatment decreased PRL production after a 24-h lag; suppression of the rate of PRL production became maximal between 24-48 h and persisted for at least 14 days in the continued presence of PDGF. There was no effect of PDGF on cell proliferation under the conditions used, and no effect on leucine uptake or incorporation into protein. PDGF altered the morphology of cells in a manner similar to that of epidermal growth factor and TRH, and caused the cells to become more adherent to the culture substrate. The actions of PDGF were similar in GH4C1 and GH3 cells, but in the non-PRL producing GC cells, PDGF enhanced GH production. PDGF antagonized the PRL synthesis-stimulating activity of TRH. We conclude that PDGF can act directly on pituitary cells to decrease selectively the production of PRL. PMID- 6223807 TI - Laparoscopic measurement of pancreatic blood flow. AB - Laparoscopy is a morphological examination and is employed in the examination of the liver and other visceral organs. Further, as a result of recent remarkable progress in endoscopy it has become possible to examine not only the intraperitoneal organs but also the pancreas, a retroperitoneal organ, by means of laparoscopy. With a view to expanding the application of laparoscopy, we attempted, despite many difficulties, to measure the pancreatic blood flow in man, using the hydrogen gas clearance method. The mean pancreatic blood flow for persons with a normal pancreas was 87.8 +/- 20.6 ml/min/100 g, and the mean value for patients with chronic pancreatitis was 58.0 +/- 33.3 ml/mn/100 g. Laparoscopy has been used merely as a means of morphological examination, but should also be turned to account in the investigation of various intraperitoneal organs for physiological function. PMID- 6223801 TI - Long acting contraceptives. Present status. AB - Long acting injectable hormonal contraceptives are among the most effective fertility regulating agents developed; yet they are also among the most controversial because of animal data indicating a possible carcinogenic potential in several species. A critical analysis of these animal findings has revealed, in all instances, the existence of specific mechanisms not occurring in the human. For this reason, most national and international scientific bodies who have reviewed this issue have concluded that there are no toxicological reasons for not using long acting hormonal contraceptives. Long acting agents can be divided into 2 separate groups: those having a duration of action of one month, which are composed of a long acting oestrogen and a progestagen, and those lasting for several months which consist of only a progestagen. Among the injectable progestagen-only contraceptives tested, only 2 have so far reached the international market: depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA), which has been administered at 3- or 6-month intervals and norethisterone enanthate, which has been injected at intervals ranging between 2 and 3 months. The most important side effect observed with these 2 agents is a complete disruption of the menstrual bleeding pattern, leading - in some cases - to total amenorrhoea, which is more frequent with depot medroxyprogesterone acetate than with norethisterone enanthate. The latter, however, has a shorter duration of action with a higher pregnancy rate than the former. Other adverse reactions are rare and of no real importance. Metabolic effects with progestagen-only injectable preparations are, in general, mild and less marked than with combined oestrogen-progestagen formulations. Recent investigations have shown that the return of fertility following their use is delayed but in no way impaired. Monthly injectable oestrogen-progestagen combinations have been tested to a more limited extent and these agents are available only in a very few countries. Their main advantage over progestagen-only preparations is that they allow a reasonable menstrual bleeding pattern in the majority of cases. Their obvious disadvantage is that they contain a long acting oestrogen. PMID- 6223808 TI - Reddish-purple areas on the liver surface: the laparoscopic picture of peliosis hepatis. AB - Reddish-purple areas occasionally found on the surface of the liver have been related to peliosis hepatis. The purpose of the present study was to determine: 1) the frequency of these changes in a total of 3035 laparoscopies and 2) the histological substrate of these laparoscopical changes. In 20 cases (0.65%), reddish-purple patches of round, triangular, star-shaped or net-work configuration were found on the liver surface. Liver biopsies taken from these areas showed: 1) dilatation of sinusoids; 2) blood-filled cavities, and 3) intralobular hemorrhages. These lesions were frequently combined. In three cases no lesions were found. The presence of these histological lesions was compared with those found in a group serving as controls, in whom no reddish-purple spots were seen at laparoscopy. Our study shows that there is a close statistical relationship (X2: 19.01; p less than 0.001) between the histological and laparoscopic changes. We conclude that: 1) Reddish-purple areas on the liver surface are caused by Peliosis hepatis or are Peliosis hepatis-related lesions, and 2) Peliosis hepatis is not an extremely rare condition in laparoscopy. PMID- 6223809 TI - Operative endoscopy from the point of view of the pediatrician. PMID- 6223810 TI - Quantitative aspects of chemical carcinogenesis and tumor promotion in liver. AB - Chronic exposure of rodents to high dose levels of drugs, food additives and environmental chemicals frequently results in liver enlargement. Several of these compounds have been found to enhance the incidence of liver tumors in animals briefly exposed previously to hepatocarcinogens. Accordingly, it has been advanced that these agents act as tumor promoters. This contention has remained subject of controversy following reports that these substances may also cause liver tumors in noncarcinogen-treated rodents, particularly in those characterized by a relatively high incidence of "spontaneous" liver tumors. Since many of these chemicals are in common use, a crucial question would seem to be whether such effects are due to facilitation of the expression of pre-existing oncogenic potential, i.e., to tumor promotion, or to the synergistic action of weakly carcinogenic agents. As a result of mechanistic differences tumor promotion and syn-carcinogenesis must exhibit different dose-time-response characteristics, and, accordingly, it should be possible, in principle, to discriminate between these phenomena. However, since tumor manifestation periods in low-dose groups frequently exceed the animals average lifespan, this approach may not always yield conclusive data, unless a sensitive early marker of carcinogenic activity can be employed. There is evidence that enzyme-deficient preneoplastic areas in liver can be used for this purpose. A strong quantitative correlation between carcinogen dose, the extent of ATPase deficient areas, and the subsequent appearance of tumors has now been established for a number of hepatocarcinogens. Experimental data are consistent with the concept that two critical events (hits) are required for induction of ATPase deficiency in hepatocytes. The first hit is carcinogen-dependent, whereas the second hit would seem to be due to time-dependent event(s). Tumor-promoters, such as phenobarbital, were found to accelerate and increase formation of preneoplastic islets. This evidence, together with data indicating that the compound is devoid of carcinogenic potential, suggests that phenobarbital may be operative at relatively early stages of hepatocarcinogenesis by increasing the probability of the occurrence of the time-dependent second hit. Such effects are dose-dependent and appear to be related to the induction of liver enlargement. The changes in hepatocellular ploidy status and atypical nuclear figures observed during phenobarbital treatment and cessation thereof, suggest that this compound might induce abnormal redistributions of genetic material. It is postulated that these cytological changes may result in phenotypical manifestation of recessive oncogenic information. PMID- 6223812 TI - In vitro activity of teichomycin A 2 in comparison with penicillin and vancomycin against gram-positive cocci. AB - Teichomycin A2, a glycopeptide antibiotic from Actinoplanes teichomyceticus, was tested for its in vitro activity against 190 gram-positive cocci under variable test conditions. Minimum inhibitory concentrations were fairly insensitive to both changes of inoculum size and pH, but were higher on agar than in broth. Teichomycin was about as active as vancomycin against Staphylococcus aureus (both methicillin resistant and sensitive strains), slightly inferior to vancomycin against Staphylococcus epidermidis, and distinctly more active against Streptococcus faecalis. PMID- 6223811 TI - Alternative hypotheses for the role of promotion in chemical carcinogenesis. AB - A new protocol for carcinogenesis in rat liver is described in order that confirmatory experiments might be undertaken concurrently. The basic protocol, designated IPI (initiator + promoter + initiator), is presented in several alternative forms, including the possible use of X-irradiation as the initiator. The rationale is discussed in terms of the two-hit somatic mutation theory of Armitage and Doll, with an initial hit produced by the first dose of initiator and expansion of single cells to sizable clones by promotion thereby increasing the probability of a second hit by the second dose of initiator. The question of relevant mutations was taken up and it was proposed that genes for chalones (C) and for chalone receptors (R) are logical targets for consideration in a two mutation sequence. Alternative hypotheses pertaining to promoter action were described in terms of possible mechanisms by which nonelectrophilic promoters might simulate a second mutation by increasing or decreasing the levels of a nonchromosomal replicating particle in target cells. PMID- 6223813 TI - In vitro activity of seventeen antimicrobial agents against Gardnerella vaginalis. AB - The in vitro activity of 17 antimicrobial agents was tested against 25 clinical isolates of Gardnerella vaginalis. Minimum inhibitory concentrations were determined by agar dilution. The isolates were sensitive to penicillin, ampicillin, ticarcillin, piperacillin, cephalothin, cefoxitin, cefotaxime, cefoperazone, N-formimidoyl-thienamycin, chloramphenicol, clindamycin and erythromycin. MIC90 for the beta-lactam antibiotics ranged from 0.12 mg/l for penicillin to 2 mg/l for ticarcillin. Cefoperazone was the most active cephalosporin, inhibiting all isolates at 1.0 mg/l. N-formimidoylthienamycin was the most active of the newer beta-lactam compounds inhibiting all isolates with a concentration of 0.5 mg/l. Clindamycin and erythromycin were highly active, inhibiting all isolates at 0.6 mg/l. Susceptibility to tetracycline, gentamicin, metronidazole and tinidazole varied between strains. All isolates were resistant to rosoxacin. The hydroxy-metabolites of metronidazole and tinidazole were more active than the parent compounds, inhibiting all isolates. PMID- 6223814 TI - Characterization of a Chinese hamster ovary cell line resistant to uncouplers. AB - The chemiosmotic theory of oxidative phosphorylation and the action of uncouplers was examined by characterizing a clone, UH5, of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO TK-) cells resistant to 5-chloro-3-tert-butyl-2'-chloro-4'-nitrosalicylanilide (S-13), a potent uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation. About 9-times and 4-times more S 13 was required to effect growth and respiration respectively of UH5 cells compared to the parental CHO TK- cells. UH5 cells were cross-resistant to the uncouplers SF-6847 (3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-benzylidenemalononitrile), carbonylcyanide p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone and 2,4-dinitrophenol but not to oligomycin, venturicidin or Tevenel. Size, chromosome number and DNA content indicated that the UH5 cell line was probably pseudotetraploid compared to the parental pseudodiploid CHO TK- cells. Hybrid and cybrid cells formed from crosses of UH5 cells and cytoplasts, respectively, with an uncoupler-sensitive cell line were sensitive to S-13 indicating that resistance is probably nuclear-determined. UH5 cell mitochondria had increased cytochrome oxidase and decreased H+-ATPase activities. A fivefold resistance of oxidative phosphorylation to uncouplers was found at the mitochondrial level with respiration driven by either succinate or ascorbate/N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine. In contrast, no difference in sensitivity was found to valinomycin between mitochondria from UH5 and CHO TK- cells. The oligomycin-sensitive H+-ATPase activity of UH5 and CHO TK- cell mitochondria was equally stimulated by the uncoupler S-13. Uncoupler-resistant mitochondria would not be expected on the basis of the chemiosmotic theory, and the relation of the results to other modes of coupling is considered. PMID- 6223815 TI - Mitochondrial carbamoyl phosphate synthetase activity in the absence of N-acetyl L-glutamate. Mechanism of activation by this cofactor. AB - Rat liver carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase I is shown to have synthetase and ATPase activity in the absence of acetylglutamate. Km values for ATP, Mg2+ and K+ are greatly increased, the Km for HCO-3 is not changed much, and the Km for NH+4 is markedly reduced. Vmax for the synthetase reaction is less than 20% of that of the acetylglutamate-activated enzyme whereas Vmax for the ATPase activity is greater than 40% of that with acetylglutamate. Pulse-chase experiments with H14CO 3 show formation of less "active CO2" (the central intermediate) than with acetylglutamate; ATPase activity is reduced in proportion, but the synthetase activity is much smaller. Binding of one ATP molecule with high affinity (Kd = 20 30 microM) is shown in the absence of acetylglutamate. This appears to be the molecule of ATPB (ATPB provides the phosphoryl group of carbamoyl phosphate). In contrast, the affinity for ATPA (ATPA yields Pi) is much reduced. Initial velocity measurements without acetylglutamate show a time lag before reaching a constant velocity. At 50 microM acetylglutamate the lag is much longer, but at 10 mM acetylglutamate it is shorter. Activation by acetylglutamate requires ATP at concentrations sufficient to occupy the ATPA and the ATPB binding sites. Preincubation with 10 mM acetylglutamate alone shortens the activation time. From these findings we propose an allosteric model for activation of carbamoyl phosphate synthetase in which there are two active states, R and R . AcGlu. Binding of ATPA is associated with the conversion of T to R. R . AcGlu differs from R in that transfer to carbamate of the gamma-phosphoryl group of ATPB appears to be facilitated. PMID- 6223816 TI - Transluminal angioplasty: late results sustained by digital intravenous subtraction angiography. AB - Digital intravenous subtraction angiography (DIVSA) appears to be a technique of minimal invasiveness and high accuracy in the follow-up of patients after percutaneous angioplasty (PTA) allowing correct angiographic evaluation in more than 96% of the cases. Correlation between clinical and angiographic findings seems to be excellent. Of the controlled intravenous examinations performed in 54 successful PTA procedures 75% appeared patent after 10 to 30 months, constituting 52% of the original attempts. PMID- 6223817 TI - Behavior of some steroids in endometrial adenomatous and atypical hyperplasia. AB - Endometrial adenomatous and atypical hyperplasia are the histopathological pictures that more frequently may develop into an adenocarcinoma. It is believed that a hormonal action may favour the genesis of endometrial cancer. We studied the plasmatic levels of some steroids, considered to be responsible for neoplastic changes, in patients with adenomatous and atypical hyperplasia. With this object we measured plasmatic levels of estrone, estradiol, androstenedione, DHEA-S and testosterone in postmenopausal patients with adenomatous and atypical hyperplasia and in fertile women, both in proliferative and secretory phases. We didn't find any difference in the steroid pattern in the two groups. PMID- 6223818 TI - Studies on 18F-labeled pyrimidines. Tumor uptakes of 18F-5-fluorouracil, 18F-5 fluorouridine, and 18F-5-fluorodeoxyuridine in animals. AB - Three 18F-labeled pyrimidines, 18F-5-fluorouridine (18F-5-FUR), 18F-5 fluorouracil (18F-5-FU), and 18F-5-fluorodeoxyuridine (18F-5-FdUR), were examined regarding tissue distribution and tumor uptake in ascitic hepatoma AH109A-bearing rats. The differential absorption ratios of tumors of 18F-5-FUR, 18F-5-FU, and 18F-5-FdUR were 0.75 +/- 0.21, 0.92 +/- 0.15, and 0.96 +/- 0.24 at 30 min, and 0.37 +/- 0.09, 0.64 +/- 0.34, and 0.60 +/- 0.17 at 120 min, respectively. The tumor-to-organ ratios obtained with three radiopharmaceuticals, especially with blood, heart, lung, muscle, and brain were high and these ratios increased with time. The tumor-to-organ ratios obtained with 18F-5-FdUR were always 1.3-4 times higher than 18F-5-FU and 18F-5-FUR. We concluded that 18F-5-FdUR was a suitable radiopharmaceutical for tumor imaging. Positron emission tomography of a rabbit tumor located on the chest with 18F-5-FdUR clearly showed the tumor within 1 h. PMID- 6223819 TI - Adjunctive medroxyprogesterone acetate to radical nephrectomy in category M0 renal cell carcinoma. Preliminary report of a prospective randomized trial. AB - From July 1979 to December 1981, 83 patients from 6 centers in the Lombardy underwent radical nephrectomy for category M0 renal cell carcinoma. Postoperatively they were randomly allocated to adjunctive medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) or to a control group. After the first year of follow-up, the relapse rate was 13% in the controls (5 of 38 evaluable patients) versus 28% in the MPA treatment group (9 of 32). Sex steroid receptors were studied in both the tumor and in the surrounding healthy parenchyma by the dextran-coated charcoal technique in 52 of 70 clinically evaluable patients. There was no significant correlation between receptor studies and the relapse rate. Besides, receptors were more often detected in the healthy than in the neoplastic tissue, and values rarely exceeded 10 fmol/mg protein. Due to the negative trend in the MPA treatment group, the admittance of patients to this study was stopped after 120 patients had been accepted. PMID- 6223820 TI - Complete regression of multiple pulmonary metastases in a patient with advanced renal cell carcinoma treated by occlusion of the renal artery with subsequent radical nephrectomy and progesterone. AB - We report on a 51-year-old male patient who presented with a renal cell carcinoma of advanced stage including multiple pulmonary metastases. A complete regression of the pulmonary metastases was observed after embolisation of the tumor-bearing kidney with subsequent nephrectomy and progesterone treatment. 27 months after the operation the patient is in excellent health without recurrence of metastases. PMID- 6223821 TI - Improving peritoneoscopic staging of patients with solid tumors. AB - Peritoneoscopy and guided needle biopsy were carried out as the staging procedure in patients with solid tumors. The disease was disseminated in 379 patients with various tumor types and limited in 109 with breast cancer and malignant melanoma. Adequate liver biopsies were obtained in all cases. Macroscopic liver tumors were demonstrated in 96 patients. Eleven additional patients had peritoneal or mesenteric tumors with normal livers. Attempts were made to improve the yield of positive findings of the procedure. The cytologic examination of cells adhering to the needle after biopsy or optimizing visualization of the liver surface by using a fiberoptic gastroscope did not answer this purpose. A 7.2% increase in liver tumor detection was obtained by taking 4-6 biopsies at random or towards deep palpated nodules in macroscopically normal livers. The data, although difficult to interpret in terms of accuracy of the method, suggest that in solid tumors random samplings of normal livers could contribute to the diagnosis of otherwise undetectable liver metastases. PMID- 6223822 TI - Study of micturition parameters in healthy young adults using a uroflowmetric method. AB - Using the 21 F 01 DISA Mictiograph, the instant urine flow curves of fifty normal males and thirty-three females (aged from 18 to 35 years) were analysed. A total of 363 micturitions was obtained (146 in the female group, 217 in the male group). Ten parameters were derived from each of the urine flow curves. These parameters were: the voided volume, the micturition time, the average-flow rate, the flow at 2 s, the maximum flow rate, the percentage of difference between the maximum flow rate and the average-flow rate, the duration until the maximum flow rate, the initial slope of the curve, the slope at the time from micturition initiation of voiding to maximum flow, and the difference between the two slopes. This study demonstrated that the urine flowmeter allowed, even at very low voided volume, a complete interpretation of micturition flow curves, a finding which might be useful in paediatric patients. It was also shown that the flow parameters were significantly more favourable in females than in males, and consequently that better hydrodynamics conditions for micturition exist in women compared to men. PMID- 6223823 TI - Vitamin D metabolites in post-menopausal women and their relationship to the myopathic electromyogram. AB - Proximal muscular weakness is a feature of many metabolic bone diseases but is not well recognized in spinal osteoporosis. Thirty-six post-menopausal women presenting with back pain, with or without osteoporosis, were therefore studied in order to define the relationship between abnormal electromyographic findings and disturbed vitamin D metabolism, as both low plasma 1,25 dihydroxy vitamin D concentrations and malabsorption of calcium have been reported in osteoporosis. Patients with abnormal electromyograms had lower concentrations of plasma 1,25 dihydroxy vitamin D (mean 78.3 pmol/l, SD 20.5, n = 15) than normal subjects of similar age (mean 110.4 pmol/l, SD 39.4, n = 21; P less than 0.01), but electromyographic abnormality was not associated with changes in radiocalcium absorption, plasma 25 hydroxy vitamin D, plasma calcium or phosphate or urinary calcium or hydroxy-proline excretion or impaired renal function. There was no relationship between abnormal electromyography and osteoporosis assessed by spinal radiographs and iliac crest biopsy. These findings are consistent with our previous suggestion that muscle weakness in many unrelated bone disorders is related to low plasma 1,25 dihydroxy vitamin D concentrations, but suggest that there is no relationship between proximal myopathy and spinal osteoporosis in post-menopausal women. PMID- 6223825 TI - Characterization of the cytolytic activity of a cloned antigen-specific T suppressor cell derived from a tolerant CBA/J mouse. AB - The antigen-specific T suppressor cell clone HF1 isolated from a CBA/J mouse made tolerant by low doses of bovine serum albumin has suppressive and cytolytic activity. The analysis of the latter gave the following results. Natural killer (NK)-sensitive YAC-1 (H-2a) and RBL-5 (H-2b) target cells are lysed whereas other NK targets, like EL4 (H-2b) or the human K562 cell line are resistant. Cytolytic activity is not antibody mediated. Its inhibition by sugar phosphate or monoclonal antibodies against LFA-1 antigens is such that HF1 can neither by typed as T killer nor as NK cells. It seems to represent a distinct T lymphocyte type. PMID- 6223824 TI - Normal and low molecular weight heparins: interaction with human platelets. AB - Porcine mucosal heparin was chemically depolymerized. The depolymerization was stopped at different steps to obtain two low molecular weight (LMW) heparins with a molecular weight of 10 000 and 6000, respectively. The LMW heparins were tested in vitro for anti-clotting activities and for platelet serotonin release in different systems in comparison with normal heparins, dermatan and heparan sulphate. After addition of various amounts of heparin preparations to washed platelets, no significant release was observed for all tested heparins. On the contrary, different heparins showed an inhibition of serotonin-release induced by collagen in platelet rich plasma, whereas the ADP-induced release was increased. The effect on the platelet release appears related to the molecular weight. In fact, it is significant only for normal heparins whereas it is not for LMW heparins. A good relation was observed, also, between anti-activated factor X activity/antiglobal clotting activity (Xa/APTT) ratio of different heparins and the effect on platelet release. PMID- 6223827 TI - 8-Hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)-tetralin discriminates between subtypes of the 5 HT1 recognition site. PMID- 6223826 TI - The T3 complex on human thymus-derived lymphocytes contains two different subunits of 20 kDa. AB - The human cell surface antigen T3 is involved in several T lymphocyte specific functions, as determined by the effect of monoclonal antibodies (OKT3, anti-Leu 4, UCHT1) directed at this molecular structure. The main target antigen of these monoclonal antibodies is a glycoprotein of 20 kDa. It is associated with four, less predominant, structurally distinct glycoproteins of 25-28 kDa, 37 kDa and 44 kDa. Of these molecules only the 20-kDa T3 antigen could be labeled with the hydrophobic reagent 5-iodonaphthyl-1-azide (INA). Here we present evidence that the main 20-kDa T3 antigen is comprised of, in fact, two structurally different molecules. One of these is a glycoprotein with a protein backbone of 14 kDa, the other is an unglycosylated protein of 20 kDa. This unglycosylated protein is labeled specifically with INA. Additional evidence for the existence of two different 20-kDa T3 antigens is provided by studies using the enzymes endo-beta-N acetylglucosaminidase H and endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase F and the drug tunicamycin. We hypothesize that the specific susceptibility to labeling with INA of the unglycosylated 20-kDa T3 form reflects a positioning in the lipid bilayer different from that of the glycosylated 20-kDa T3 form. PMID- 6223828 TI - A possible physiological role of histamine H2-receptors in rat mesenteric circulation. AB - Dose-response curves of histamine were studied on the mesenteric circulation of the anaesthetized rat. The vasodilation produced by small doses of histamine was prevailingly H2-receptor-dependent, as shown by its inhibition by cimetidine but not by mepyramine, and by its reproducibility by some H2-receptor agonists, but not by specific H1-receptor agonists. The vasodilation produced by high doses of histamine was mainly due to stimulation of H1-receptors, as shown by its 70% inhibition by mepyramine. Mepyramine and cimetidine given simultaneously nearly completely inhibited the vasodilating action of high doses of histamine. Certain H2-receptor agonists, administered at high doses, induced a paradoxical vasoconstriction. It is suggested that a small number of H2-receptors is present in rat mesenteric arterioles, and that these receptors may play a physiological role in the control of mesenteric circulation. PMID- 6223829 TI - Multiplication of Swiss 3T3 cells in a serum-free medium. AB - Gently trypsinized Swiss 3T3 cells inoculated into medium MCDB 402 attach readily to polylysine-coated surfaces and remain viable for several days in the absence of exogenously added protein. Short-term multiplication under defined conditions can be obtained by supplementing the MCDB 402 with fibroblast growth factor (FGF), insulin (INS), and dexamethasone (DEX). Addition of bovine plasma fibronectin further improves attachment and viability. This system does not require initial plating in serum or the addition of poorly defined extracts for cellular attachment or for multiplication. In the complete system minus FGF, cells plated at a low density attach to the culture surface and become quiescent. The addition of FGF or PDGF 48-72 h after plating stimulates a high level of DNA synthesis during the following 24 h. EGF also stimulates DNA synthesis in these cells, but to a lesser extent. Insulin and dexamethasone are not needed for the initial DNA synthesis response to FGF, but are needed for continuing multiplication over a period of several days. This system provides a means for studying the effects of specific mitogens on Swiss 3T3 cells in the absence of undefined supplements, and without complications due to density-dependent inhibition. PMID- 6223830 TI - Control of entry of Swiss 3T3 cells into S phase by fibroblast growth factor under serum-free conditions. AB - Swiss 3T3 cells can be made quiescent at low density by plating in medium MCDB 402 supplemented with dexamethasone (DEX), insulin (INS) and bovine plasma fibronectin (BPFn) for 3 days. One hour after stimulation of these cells by fibroblast growth factor (FGF), an increase in the rate of protein synthesis can be measured. Nine hours after stimulation by FGF, the rate at which the cells enter S phase increases abruptly. This increased rate of entry into S phase is delayed when methylamine is added to the medium before FGF treatment and later removed. The delay is only for the amount of time that the cells are exposed to methylamine, with no subsequent effect on the rate at which the cells enter S. The early increase in rate of protein synthesis caused by FGF is not blocked by concentrations of methylamine that stop the progression of FGF-treated cells toward S phase. The assay system that has been developed provides a means for detailed analysis of the prereplicative phase of Swiss 3T3 cells in a serum-free medium and in the absence of density-dependent inhibition. PMID- 6223831 TI - Localization of DNA polymerase alpha on the nuclear membrane in sea urchin embryos. AB - Subnuclear localization of DNA polymerase alpha was studied in sea urchin embryos. Blastula nuclei treated with EDTA and potassium phosphate released subnuclear components bearing most of the nuclear DNA polymerase alpha. These components were suggested to be a part of nuclear membrane based on their buoyant densities (1.177 and 1.136 g/cm3) in isopyknic centrifugation and the nuclear pore-like structure. Contamination with DNA and endoplasmic reticulum membrane to the subnuclear components was shown to be negligible. These results suggested that DNA polymerase alpha associates with nuclear membrane of sea urchin embryos. Nuclear membrane deprived of DNA polymerase alpha was able to associate with nuclear DNA polymerase alpha from blastulae and the cytoplasmic enzyme of unfertilized eggs efficiently, but not with the cytoplasmic enzyme of gastrulae. This result suggests that the nuclear membrane is originates from the endoplasmic reticulum with which DNA polymerase alpha associates in unfertilized eggs. PMID- 6223832 TI - Histochemical and biochemical characteristics of the transient hypertrophy of the denervated rat hemidiaphragm. AB - A systematic study of the different fiber types of rat diaphragm muscle in the first 10 days after unilateral denervation showed approximately a 10% decrease in diameter of the white fibers, 25% increase in that of intermediate fibers, and 35% increase in that of red fibers together with diminished differential staining properties both for myosin ATPase and Sudan black. There was also a doubling of the amount of connective tissue. A reduction in total lipid concentration of the tissue included decreases in both triacylglycerol and phospholipid, but not cholesterol. Magnesium concentration in the tissue also declined, as did activity of Ca2+-activated, though not Mg2+-activated, myosin ATPase. PMID- 6223833 TI - Effects of skin cooling and warming on stretch responses of the muscle spindle primary and secondary afferent fibers from the cat's tibialis anterior. AB - Fusimotor activation induced by thermal stimuli to the skin was investigated by recording the stretch responses of primary as well as secondary spindle afferent fibers from the tibialis anterior of the barbiturate-anesthetized, spinal cats. A standard ramp-and-hold stretch was repeatedly given during warming or cooling (20 to 40 degrees C) the skin of the ipsilateral foot pads. In each response of the spindle afferent fiber to stretch, the peak (P) and static firing rates (S) were measured and the dynamic index was calculated to assess the type of fusimotor fiber influence as dynamic or static. Of 47 primary spindle afferent fibers, 22 (46%) were affected by changes in skin temperature. Cooling of the skin below a certain temperature produced a marked increase in the dynamic sensitivity of their response to stretch, and this also occurred on warming above it. Such a "critical temperature" at which a directional relationship between skin temperature and muscle spindle activity was completely altered was determined (mean +/- SD: 35.10 +/- 1.66 degrees C, N = 7). However, a marked increase in static firing accompanied by a significant decrease in the dynamic index was observed at the dynamic phase of heating the skin beyond the critical temperature. None of the seven secondary afferent fibers studied showed a detectable temperature response. We conclude that the activation of primary spindle afferent fibers by thermal stimulation of the skin is to be attributed predominantly to activation of dynamic fusimotor neurons and is significant for the initiation of cold shivering. PMID- 6223834 TI - Histochemical characteristics of rabbit stapedius muscle. AB - A histochemical analysis of rabbit stapedius muscle fibers was conducted using the myofibrillar ATPase and NADH-tetrazolium reductase techniques. Two different fiber types, type 1 and type 2b, were identified. The functional significance of the results is discussed. PMID- 6223835 TI - Plasmodium berghei: a mouse model for the "sudden death" and "malarial lung" syndromes. AB - A mouse model for the "sudden death" and "malarial lung" syndromes is described. Mice of the C3H/z strain succumb suddenly approximately 7 days after an infection with Plasmodium berghei becomes patent, at a time when parasitemia is still moderate (6 to 8%). Death could be shown to be due to anaphylactoid shock, probably induced by soluble immune complexes. Increased vascular permeability caused transudation and leakage of serum proteins into the interstitium and the alveoli. The lungs were found to be edematous, with a fine granular precipitate in the alveoli and adherent to the vascular walls. The precipitates reacted with antiglobulins G and M, and could be shown to also contain malaria antigens and C3/4. A dramatic drop in hematocrit was recorded several hours before death, indicating the sudden release of malaria antigens. The myocardium of animals that had died very suddenly showed a patchy loss of phosphorylase activity. This loss of activity was much more extensive, and sometimes almost total, when there had been an agonal period of several (1 to 3) hours before death. In these cases the irreversibility of the myocardial damage was also indicated by the loss of activity of the dehydrogenases, as well as by typical inflammatory reactions of granulocytic and histiocytic infiltrations. The hearts thus presented a typical picture of the acute and peracute shock syndromes. In acute shock cardiac insufficiency develops so suddenly that death ensues before irreversible damage has occurred, and cardiac insufficiency can only be demonstrated by the most sensitive of enzyme histochemical means. In the present case shock was induced by the anaphylactoid activity of immune complexes with the lung as target organ. The described syndrome appears analogous to human "malarial lung." PMID- 6223836 TI - Alterations in renal cortex cation homeostasis during mercuric chloride and gentamicin nephrotoxicity. AB - To help better understand the role of changes in cellular cation homeostasis in the pathogenesis of renal tubular cell injury, the alterations in cation content of renal cortex and isolated renal cortical mitochondria occurring during models of nephrotoxicity secondary to gentamicin and HgCl2 were determined both during a developing phase of injury prior to the appearance of cell necrosis and after advanced injury when cell necrosis was present. At 3 hr after 5 mg/kg HgCl2 or after 4 daily doses of 100 mg/kg gentamicin, tubular cell integrity was still intact but mitochondrial functional changes were present. There were no alterations of renal cortex tissue electrolytes at this stage in the HgCl2 model but tissue K+, and more prominently, tissue Mg2+ were decreased in the gentamicin model. K+ and Mg2+ contents of isolated mitochondria were slightly reduced after HgCl2. Only K+ content was slightly reduced after gentamicin. No evidence for tissue or mitochondrial Ca2+ overload was present in either model. At 12 hr after 5 mg/kg HgCl2 or after 10 daily 100 mg/kg doses of gentamicin, widespread areas of tubular cell necrosis were present and the function of isolated mitochondria was severely compromised. Tissue electrolytes at this stage of injury in both models were characterized predominantly by a twofold increase in Na+ content and five- to sixfold increases in Ca2+. Isolated mitochondria showed marked decreases in K+ content and marked increases in content of Na+ and Ca2+. These data suggest that neither cellular and mitochondrial Ca2+ overload nor substantial changes in cellular Na+ and K+ homeostasis can be implicated in the early stages of renal tubular cell injury produced by gentamicin and HgCl2. PMID- 6223837 TI - Mercy or murder? Ethical dilemmas in newborn care. PMID- 6223838 TI - Fluorescence study of secondary structure of DNA within bacteriophage lambda. AB - Bromoacetaldehyde (BAA) was used to study the secondary structure of DNA in lambda-phage particles. It was determined that about 1% of the adenines in the intraphage lambda-DNA reacts readily with BAA, thus, they are placed in DNA sites with disturbed complementary interactions. These adenines are close to the tryptophan residues of the phage protein. Fluorescence emission of epsilon A in the intraphage DNA is dramatically quenched. This, apparently, indicates the interaction between epsilon A and Trp- and/or Tyr- and/or Met-residues of phage protein. PMID- 6223839 TI - The ratio between intrinsic 115 kDa and 30 kDa peptides as a marker of fibre type specific sarcoplasmic reticulum in mammalian muscles. AB - Sarcoplasmic reticulum displays characteristic differences in Ca2+-uptake, Ca2+ ATPase and the pattern of membrane proteins in type I, IIA and IIB fibres. The ratio between the 115 kDa Ca2+-ATPase and a 30 kDa protein is of characteristic magnitude in the sarcoplasmic reticulum of the three fibre types in rat muscles. The slow-to-fast fibre type transformation observed in rabbits during chronic nerve stimulation is accompanied by predictable changes of this ratio. PMID- 6223840 TI - Increase of the glycolytic rate in human resting fibroblasts following serum stimulation. The possible role of the fructose-2,6-bisphosphate. AB - We report that glycolysis in human quiescent fibroblasts stimulated by serum addition is increased, and that the changes of the metabolic route reflect the activity of the phosphofructokinase. A possible role of fructose-2,6-bisphosphate as a positive modulator of the key enzyme is proposed. PMID- 6223841 TI - Phosphofructokinase is a calmodulin binding protein. AB - A trial to purify myosin light chain kinase from crude myosin led to the isolation of a Mr 85 000 calmodulin binding protein different from this enzyme. Because it showed inherent phosphofructokinase activity we investigated its relation to this enzyme. We demonstrated identity to phosphofructokinase by a close to identical amino acid composition, by antigenic identity and a set of completely identical peptide maps. The calmodulin binding property was also shown for a fraction of the enzyme prepared by standard methods. First experiments show that Ca2+--calmodulin is a potent regulator of phosphofructokinase polymerization. PMID- 6223842 TI - [Faithfulness to duty (from the chronicle of World War II)]. PMID- 6223843 TI - Vital initiation of pregnancy (VIP) using human menopausal gonadotropin and human chorionic gonadotropin ovulation induction: phase II--1981. AB - In a program for in vitro fertilization, laparoscopies for oocyte aspiration were performed on 24 patients receiving human menopausal gonadotropin and human chorionic gonadotropin. Of the 40 preovulatory oocytes that were recovered from these patients, 33 (83%) were fertilized and 30 (75%) cleaved and were transferred. Ten immature oocytes were collected, and attempts were made to mature these in vitro prior to insemination. All ten oocytes (100%) did fertilize, and seven (70%) cleaved and were transferred. Morphologic variation was noted between cleaving conceptuses, even in those conceptuses responsible for establishing pregnancies. Five pregnancies resulted from 19 embryo transfers (26%). PMID- 6223844 TI - [Capillary filtration coefficient and the distensibility of the venous vessels of the small intestine in the process of high-altitude adaptation]. AB - In acute experiments on cats, the increase of capillary filtration coefficient and venous distensibility in small intestine was revealed after 3-5, 14-16 and 29 31 days of high altitude adaptation (The Pamirs, 3370 m above sea level), the changes being more obvious (by 78% and 45%, resp.) after 3-5 days in comparison with low altitude control. The effects of noradrenaline on the small intestine precapillary sphincters and venous distensibility were preserved at high altitude, whereas regional blockade of alpha- or beta-adrenoreceptors exerted no effect on the results. The increased capillary filtration coefficient seems to be of great importance in "struggle for oxygen" at high altitude hypoxia, and this obviously depends on the opening of preexisting capillaries. PMID- 6223845 TI - [Use of muscle relaxants in studying the blood coagulation system]. PMID- 6223846 TI - Treatment of female acne vulgaris with a cream containing the antiandrogen canrenone. PMID- 6223847 TI - The role of phosphorylation and fructose 2,6-bisphosphate in the regulation of phosphofructokinase. PMID- 6223848 TI - Correlations between structural and chemical states of cross-bridges in muscle. PMID- 6223849 TI - [Value of laparoscopy in the early diagnosis of digestive schistosomiasis]. PMID- 6223850 TI - [Pregnancy interruption from the pediatric viewpoint]. AB - Therapeutic abortion is foremost a biological problem. The abrupt termination of the physiologic phenomenon of pregnancy is a sudden interference with the biology of the interaction between mother and fetus. Therapeutic abortion is also a psychological, a sociological and a political problem. Today therapeutic abortion is legal under certain condition and done by physicians. This review supports therapeutic abortion for prenatally determined abnormalities which have a scientifically high risk of defective offspring especially trisomy 21. Intensive genetic counselling prior to the therapeutic abortion is necessary. The last decision for the therapeutic abortion rests with the pregnant mother. The genetic medical problem is only part of the decision making since a number of familial, personal, religious and human factors are involved in the decision. The experience of the physician, his world view, his medical education, his knowledge of the psychological and physical and social anxieties of the pregnant patient also modify the decision making. The gynaecologist who carried out the therapeutic abortion needs to take these factors into account. Considering how difficult and depressing the development of severely mentally retarded persons is especially when they reach adulthood and how limited there life is by suffering, limitations and isolation therapeutic abortion is a valuable method to spare parents the stress of caring for severely mentally retarded offspring for years and decades. PMID- 6223851 TI - [Treatment of virilized women with intramuscular administration of cyproterone acetate]. AB - Management of hirsutism with high-dose oral cyproterone acetate (CPA) is associated with a failure rate of about 30%. The present investigation analyses the efficacy of parenteral CPA administration in non-tumorous hyperandrogenism. Medium-dose CPA (300 mg) was injected intramuscularly once per month, followed by oral ethinylestradiol (40 micrograms daily) for 21 days in 42 patients (total of 293 treatment cycles). The onset of withdrawal bleeding was 3 to 8 days later. This regimen was used as primary therapy (group A; n = 18) as well as follow-up therapy in low-dose (group B; n = 10) and high-dose oral standard CPA failures (group C; n = 14). The following satisfactory or good response rates were observed in regard to hirsutism: group A 83,5%, group B 100%, group C 57%; seborrhea A and B 100%, C 89%; acne and androgenetic alopecia A and B and C 100%. Clinical side effects occurred in 20 patients; they corresponded in type and frequency to those elicited by the high-dose oral standard medication and resulted in termination of treatment in only 3 patients. Pilot studies regarding the pharmacokinetics of CPA as well as the effects on plasma total and free testosterone and prolactin failed to explain the therapeutic superiority of parenteral CPA (n = 7 women). Still, it may be concluded that intramuscular CPA administration represents a new and highly effective means of managing hirsute females. PMID- 6223852 TI - [Laparoscopy findings in infertile women]. AB - The results of 308 laparoscopies performed in infertile women were evaluated retrospectively. In 185 patients (60%) the laparoscopy was the last step in otherwise negative infertility evaluations (unexplained infertility). In 123 patients (40%) history or preliminary studies gave indirect evidence of possible pelvic disease. In the group of unexplained infertility laparoscopic abnormalities could be found in 50%. In 25% a tuboperitoneal factor and in 20% an endometriosis were found. Primary and secondary infertility showed the same percentage of normal findings with a higher incidence of tuboperitoneal factors in secondary infertility. In the group with indirect evidence of possible pelvic disease the incidence of positive laparoscopic findings was as high as 77%. Previous adnexitis or clinical suspicion of endometriosis (40 patients), previous pelvic operation (60 patients) and pathologic hysterosalpingographic findings (33 patients) proved to be approximately of equal prognostic value. PMID- 6223853 TI - [The peritoneal sperm migration test (PSM-test) following fractional artificial insemination during laparoscopic fertility testing]. AB - The peritoneal sperm migration test following fractional artificial insemination during diagnostic laparoscopy was carried out in the context of fertility investigation in 78 women age 25 to age 40. 35 cases had a positive PSM test, 43 had a negative PSM test. The results were correlated to the phase of menstrual cycle, the semen analysis and the tubal patency test. The test showed the best results when it was done in the preovulatory phase in conjunction with a normal semen analysis and a normal tubal patency test. In 2 cases with severe oligospermia and in two cases with bilateral tubal occlusion the test was still positive. The test is of clinical importance and can be done without increased risk during any laparoscopy for infertility. Valuable conclusion about the migration of sperms through the uterus and the tubes in the individual couple can be obtained. This is of prognostic importance. The test shows in addition to mechanical tubal patency by chromopertubation the functional or physiologic tubal permeability. Negative PSM tests are relatively frequent and are caused by tubal, uterine or sperm factors. PMID- 6223854 TI - [Medical genetic study of the population or Turkmenia. II. The population structure of the inhabitants of the rural soviet Izgant, Geok-Tepe District, Ashkhabad Province]. AB - This report is devoted to the populational description of the Ashkhabad district. Examination of one of the typical agricultural villages (Izgant of the Ashkhabad district) gave the main parameters of the population. The total number of the inhabitants studied is 1596, the proportion of the studied is 56%, the average family size for the parent with completed reproduction period being 5.47, the average generation time - 33 to 38, the gametic index - 0.67 and the inbreeding coefficient - 0.002267. The distribution of some markers (ABO, MN, Hp, Rh, Pp) have been studied. A rather low coefficient of inbreeding, as a result of the absence of geographical isolation, may account for incidence of autosomal recessive disorders. PMID- 6223855 TI - Complications of Paget's disease of bone. AB - This paper describes the diverse complications of Paget's osteopathy. Lesions arising from changes in the bone per se, those due to secondary anatomical changes, and metabolic abnormalities, are discussed in relation to their presentation, frequency, and severity. Important complications involving the skeletal structures and nervous system are described. Sarcomatous change in the abnormal bone remains the most serious lesion. Some changes recognised for decades, such as high output heart failure, are very rare. Other less-well recognised features, including hyperuricaemia, may be common enough to justify simple screening tests for their detection whenever Paget's disease presents clinically. PMID- 6223856 TI - [Hygienic approaches to evaluating the potential use of water-soluble polymers in conducting exploratory drilling operations]. PMID- 6223857 TI - [Indices of catecholamine metabolism and hemodynamics in air traffic controllers with hypertensive-type neurocirculatory dystonia]. PMID- 6223858 TI - [Current tasks of hygienic science and practice in Leningrad and Leningrad Province]. PMID- 6223859 TI - [Problems of epidemiological health service for the inland merchant marine]. PMID- 6223860 TI - [Sanitary hygiene aspects of using stock-breeding wastes in the infiltration irrigation of winter wheat]. PMID- 6223861 TI - Why study T cell subsets in Crohn's disease? PMID- 6223863 TI - The predictive value of the DHAS loading test in pregnancies for intrauterine fetal growth retardation. PMID- 6223862 TI - Immunoregulatory function of human intestinal mucosa lymphoid cells: evidence for enhanced suppressor cell activity in inflammatory bowel disease. AB - Abnormalities in immune regulation at the gut level may be relevant to the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease, but little is known about the immunoregulatory properties of intestinal mononuclear cells. Therefore, we wished to see if lymphoid cells derived from the lamina propria of surgically resected bowel specimens have any modulatory effect upon the immune response of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease. When autologous peripheral blood and intestinal lamina propria lymphoid cells were mixed at different ratios and cultured in the presence of phytohaemagglutinin, we were able to show that intestinal mononuclear cells had the capacity to modify the mitogenic response of the cultured cells. These intestinal immunoregulatory cells, when obtained from mucosa affected by inflammatory bowel disease, express a significantly enhanced suppressor cell activity as compared with those from non-inflamed control mucosa. Such suppressor cell activity varies with cell concentration and requires cell proliferation, but it is independent of anatomical origin (small vs large bowel), type of inflammatory bowel disease (ulcerative colitis vs Crohn's disease) or immunosuppressive therapy. These findings point to an important functional difference between inflammatory bowel disease and control intestinal mucosa mononuclear cells. The enhanced suppressor activity of lamina propria mononuclear cells may be associated with impairment of cell-mediated immunity at the gut level. This may be related to the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease by leading to defective intestinal immune regulatory events, which may not be detectable at the peripheral level. PMID- 6223864 TI - In vitro thrombogenicity test of materials used in arterial prostheses. Comparison of fibrin deposition from blood on glass polystyrene and arterial prostheses. AB - Coagulation rates in fresh, normal, venous blood was investigated when a given volume of blood was allowed to contact various materials of equivalent surface area, at 22 degrees C, without disturbance. The coagulation rate was determined indirectly by measuring residual thrombin-clottable fibrinogen in cell-free supernatants after arresting coagulation at fixed time intervals with a Ca++ chelating type of anticoagulant and comparing the thrombin-clottable fibrinogen content of the test samples with control samples of blood anticoagulated immediately after venipuncture. In glass containers, after initial formation of the clot, progressive fibrin formation, measured by the rate of disappearance of thrombin-clottable fibrinogen, was found to take place as a gradual and linear progressive process not complete at 30 min after venipuncture with blood stored undisturbed at 22 degrees C. Various graft materials in tubular form were prepared to ensure equivalent blood surface contact. These were investigated for their influence on fibrinogen to fibrin conversion of fresh venous blood in a 15 min period at 22 degrees C. Fibrin formation was greatest in microvel pre-treated with clotting blood and decreased in the following order: microvel, woven Dacron, knitted dacron and Gore-tex. Gore-tex showed by far the least thrombogenicity of all the tested graft materials. We discuss our reasons for making our measurements under non-flow conditions and the reason for measuring fibrinogen to fibrin conversion rather than measuring platelet deposition on the various surfaces. PMID- 6223865 TI - Plasminogen activator activity and plasmin inhibition in nerves. AB - Histochemical studies of the distribution of fibrinolytic activity in the vagus and sciatic nerves of rat, guinea pig, and rabbit showed large areas of diffuse lysis related to the fascicles of the nerve. Foci of lysis were also located in the perineurium, in the peripheral epineurium, and particularly in the epineurium between the fascicles of the nerve. The fibrinolytic activity was caused by a plasminogen activator. The activity was highest in the rat, lowest in the rabbit and intermediate in the guinea pig. Plasmin inhibitors were located histochemically by the fibrin slide 'sandwich' technique. In all three species plasmin inhibition was most pronounced in relation to the nerve fascicles, with the highest degree of inhibition in the guinea pig and less in the rat and rabbit. The discrete localization of plasminogen activator and plasmin inhibitor might be of importance in the control of fibrin deposition and tissue repair following nerve injury or in inflammatory demyelinating diseases. PMID- 6223866 TI - [Early diagnosis of pyogenic sacroiliac infection using 67-gallium scintigram]. PMID- 6223867 TI - Role of the perineurium and glial lacunar system in nutrition and storage of nutrients in the central nervous system of Spodoptera litura Fabr. (Lepidoptera: Noctulidae) at the time of reorganisation of the neural lamella during metamorphosis. AB - Brains and nerve cords of Spodoptera litura (Fabr.) of various stages during metamorphosis were tested for acid mycopolisaccharides (AMPS), PAS-positive substances, glycogen, proteins and lipids. During reorganisation of the neural lamella in pupal period glycogen and PAS-positive substances are stored in perineurium and AMPS in the glial lacunar system (GIS) and below the perineurium as a thin layer. Lipids and AMPS diffuse in the GIS. The perineurium and GIS serve for the passage as well as storage of nutrients. In neuropile, only proteins are present. Significances of these findings is discussed. PMID- 6223868 TI - [Early treatment of tongue and lip dysfunctions with removable appliances in Down's syndrome]. PMID- 6223869 TI - [Report of experiences with the effect of Linola-Vioform in various dermatoses]. PMID- 6223870 TI - [Hormonal contraception with marvelon. Experiences with marvelon in gynecologic practice--a multicenter study by 265 gynecologists on over 26,000 women]. PMID- 6223871 TI - Pulmonary arteriovenous fistulas. Case presentations and clinical recognition. AB - This report describes characteristic features and clinical presentation of six young patients (ranging in age from five to 25 years) with various congenital forms of pulmonary arteriovenous fistulas as well as one 21-year old patient with traumatic intrapulmonary arteriovenous fistula. The former six patients were cyanotic, had clubbing of the digits and exertional dyspnea; two, additionally, had telangiectasia. All patients underwent cardiac catheterization and pulmonary angiography. None had pulmonary hypertension. Angiographically, four had diffuse arteriovenous fistulas in both lungs (Figures 1 and 3 to 5) and two had arteriovenous fistulas localized in one pulmonary segment. Four patients were additionally studied with radionuclide angiography and pulmonary perfusion scintigraphy. In three of these, substantial right-to-left shunt in the region of the lungs was detected; the diagnosis could not be established in only one of the latter with a small traumatic intrapulmonary arteriovenous shunt of less than 10%. While noninvasive methods provide adjunctive diagnostic support, pulmonary angiography is still required to assess, with certainty, the nature and localization of the lesion. In cyanotic patients with no evidence of cardiac disease, differential diagnostic consideration should be given to pulmonary arteriovenous fistulas. PMID- 6223872 TI - Back pain in a diabetic with venous stasis ulcers. PMID- 6223873 TI - The progression from hypertrophy to heart failure. AB - Whether left ventricular hypertrophy is a useful compensatory process rather than the first step in heart failure is under debate. Early experimental data indicate that events during hypertrophy indeed hasten the progression of failure. Since it is often possible to reverse hypertrophy with some forms of antihypertensive treatment, it makes sense to try to do so. PMID- 6223874 TI - Coronary artery pathology in ischemic syndromes: current relevance to thrombolytic and angioplastic therapies. PMID- 6223875 TI - Relationship of tissue deposits of cryoglobulin to clinical features of mixed cryoglobulinemia. AB - Two patients with type 2 mixed cryoglobulinemia had tissue deposits of serum cryoproteins. Patient 1, a 72-year-old man, had purpura and glomerulonephritis. The serum cryoglobulin consisted of monoclonal IgM kappa and polyclonal IgG. Renal biopsy revealed diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis with abundant IgG, IgM, kappa light chain, and complement in glomerular capillary walls. These immunoglobulins, but no complement, were also present in histologically normal cutaneous blood vessels. Ultrastructurally, cutaneous vascular deposits were identical to the renal deposits and to the crystalline mixed IgM-IgG serum cryoprecipitates and renal deposits previously described. Patient 2 was a 68-year old man with sensorimotor peripheral polyneuropathy and purpura. His serum cryoglobulin consisted of monoclonal IgA lambda and polyclonal IgG. Sural nerve and skin biopsies revealed vasculitis involving small arteries and arterioles. Immunoglobulin A and complement were present in perineurial arteriolar walls of the sural nerve. Cryoprecipitates in both cases had strong rheumatoid factor activity. These findings support the view that in type 2 cryoglobulinemia tissue deposits consist of cryoprotein immune complexes. The presence of these deposits in histologically normal blood vessels in patient 1 suggests that deposition of cryoproteins precedes and may initiate tissue damage. PMID- 6223876 TI - Investigation of PGM1(3), PGM1(6), and PGM1(7) variants by isoelectric focusing. Evidence for new subtypes of the PGM1(3) and PGM1(7) alleles. AB - A total of 345 haemolysates previously phenotyped by starch gel electrophoresis and known to contain the products of the PGM1(3), PGM1(6), and PGM1(7) alleles have been analyzed by thin layer polyacrylamide gel isoelectric focussing in the pH range 5-7. Two common subtypes, 3+ and 3-, of the PGM1(3) allele have been found in a number of Pacific populations. A single form of the PGM1(7) allele was observed in the Western Caroline Islands. In contrast, one of two Indian PGM1(7) variants focussed to a different position when compared with the form found at polymorphic frequency in the Western Caroline Islands. Only one type of the PGM1(6) allele was detected during the present investigation. PMID- 6223877 TI - Studies on snake venom enzymes: Part II--Partial characterization of ATPases from Russell's viper (Vipera russelli) venom & their interaction with potassium gymnemate. PMID- 6223878 TI - [Immunopathology of the kidney. Immunohistochemical findings in inflammatory kidney disease]. AB - The immunohistological evaluation of kidney biopsies is essential for the diagnosis of inflammatory lesions caused by immunological processes. It enables the differentiation between glomerulonephritis caused by the action of antibodies against glomerular basement membrane (autoimmune-glomerulonephritis) and glomerulonephritis caused by deposition of circulating immune complexeses. The larger group of immunecomplex-glomerulonephritides can further be differentiated behalf of the topography of immunoglobulin and complement deposits within the glomerulus. Some immunohistological findings correlate with histologically characterized glomerulonephritides (acute postinfectious, perimembranous, membrano-proliferative glomerulonephritis, dense deposits disease). Morphologically similar glomerular lesions e.g. autoimmune-glomerulonephritis, immune-complex-glomerulonephritis or IgA-nephropathy can be characterized according to their underlying immunopathogenesis. Since immunopathological lesions may occur at a time when histologically no or only minimal lesions are evident, as e.g. in perimembranous glomerulonephritis or in early stages of lupus nephritis immunohistological examinations should be performed as early as possible. Later in the course of glomerulonephritis secondary phenomena like nonspecific insudations of immunoglobulins or complement factors make interpretations difficult. Besides the definition of immunopathogenesis immunohistological examinations may lead to answer etiological and therefore therapeutical questions by the detection of antigens within immune complexes. PMID- 6223879 TI - [Fc gamma receptor-bearing T lymphocytes in systemic lupus erythematosus in relation to disease activity and treatment]. AB - In peripheral blood of SLE-patients fluctuating patterns of Fc-gamma-receptor bearing T-lymphocytes have been observed, when long term monitoring has been performed. No influence of disease activity and corticoid treatment on number of Fc-gamma-receptor bearing lymphocytes was seen. PMID- 6223880 TI - Immunofluorescence studies on the codistribution immune deposits and complement in the thyroid glands of Obese strain (OS) chickens. AB - This study demonstrates immune complexes in thyroid glands of Obese strain (OS) chickens, that consist of thyroglobulin (Tg) and antibodies to Tg. In IIF tests it was shown that these complexes fix complement with an age-dependent increase from 12% in 19-day-old embryos up to 100% in 6-week-old animals. This finding and the observation that the deposition of complement-binding immune complexes precede cellular infiltration of the thyroid gland and correlate with the serum titer of Tg-Ab (as one parameter of the disease) points towards a role as one initial effector mechanism for the development of spontaneous autoimmune thyroiditis (SAT). PMID- 6223881 TI - Social and psychological determinants of recovery from industrial injuries. AB - Social and psychological determinants of the time taken to return to work were investigated in a sample of male manual workers referred to an accident clinic with mostly minor industrial injuries. Patients who showed a rapid recovery relative to the severity of their injuries were more often married, had greater job satisfaction, were less likely to be receiving an income supplement from their employers, and blamed themselves more for their accidents. The findings also indicated that a poor recovery rate could be expected when the accident was due to some environmental fault or failure, and the implications for studies of compensation are discussed. PMID- 6223882 TI - Siderophore production by Vibrio vulnificus. AB - Previous studies in our laboratory, as well as clinical evidence, have suggested that increased iron levels in the host may be important in infections caused by the halophilic pathogen Vibrio vulnificus. To study iron acquisition, we induced siderophore production by growth in a low-iron medium, and biochemical testing indicated the production of both hydroxamate- and phenolate-type siderophores. The siderophores were extracted from growth filtrates with ethyl acetate (for phenolates) and phenol-chloroform-ether (for hydroxamates). These extracts enhanced the growth of V. vulnificus when the bacterium was grown in iron-limited medium. The ability of these siderophores to stimulate the growth of Salmonella typhimurium LT-2 enb-7 (a mutant deficient in the biosynthesis of enterochelin) and Arthrobacter flavescens JG-9 (a hydroxamate auxotroph) supported the conclusion that V. vulnificus produces both hydroxamate- and phenolate-type siderophores. PMID- 6223884 TI - Genetic transformation of putative cariogenic properties in Streptococcus mutans. AB - Rough colonial morphology and bacteriocin production, two properties which may be associated with the cariogenicity of Streptococcus mutans, were transformed into several strain GS-5 mutants defective in each respective property. Transformation was determined by observing the frequency of cotransfer of these properties with different reference markers. The rough colonial transformants were identical to the parental GS-5 strain with respect to ability to synthesize water-insoluble glucans and undergo in vitro sucrose-dependent colonization of glass surfaces. Alterations in the growth medium and the concentration of the initial cell inoculum resulted in an approximate 10-fold increase in the frequency of transformation of strain GS-5 compared to previous observations. PMID- 6223883 TI - Role of T-lymphocytes in production of antibody to antigens of Rickettsia tsutsugamushi and other Rickettsia species. AB - The requirement of thymus-dependent lymphocytes for antibody production to Rickettsia tsutsugamushi, Rickettsia akari, Rickettsia conorii, and Rickettsia typhi was investigated by comparing antibody production in athymic (nu/nu) or thymus-bearing BALB/c mice. Athymic BALB/c mice produced antibody after infection with R. akari, R. conorii, and R. typhi as measured by indirect fluorescent antibody titration or radioimmunoassay. Antibody production in these mice was a great or greater than in the thymus-bearing mice and demonstrated similar kinetics. In contrast, athymic BALB/c mice infected either intraperitoneally or subcutaneously with the Gilliam strain of R. tsutsugamushi failed to produce demonstrable antibody. The requirement of thymus-dependent lymphocytes for antibody production to R. tsutsugamushi was further suggested by the demonstration of antibody production after transfer of immune thymus-dependent lymphocytes to athymic mice and the demonstration of R. tsutsugamushi-specific T helper cells in immune thymus-bearing mice. The antibody produced in athymic mice after infection with R. akari, R. conorii, and R. typhi was predominantly immunoglobulin M, based on isotype-specific radioimmunoassays and sucrose gradient fractionation. Furthermore, the antibody produced by athymic mice in response to R. akari infection reacted with a carbohydrate-containing outer membrane component. PMID- 6223886 TI - Teaching dental care of the child. AB - This Technical Report (1) defines the minimum standards of dental care for a child, (2) identifies important teaching principles and (3) itemizes 15 objectives upon which the teaching of paedodontics in the dental curriculum should be based. PMID- 6223885 TI - Production of monoclonal antibody against a glucosyltransferase of Streptococcus mutans 6715. AB - A mouse hybrid cell line secreted monoclonal antibody which reacted specifically with Streptococcus mutans 6715 (serotype g) glucosyltransferase (GTase) synthesizing water-insoluble glucan and inhibited with enzyme reaction. The antibody was cross-reactive with GTase of serotype d but not with GTase of other serotypes of S. mutans when an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used. PMID- 6223887 TI - Inhibition of cytotoxic T lymphocytes by a schistosome-derived inhibitory factor is independent of an inhibition of the production of interleukin 2. AB - Schistosome-derived inhibitory factor (SDIF) was shown to inhibit lymphocyte proliferation. While SDIF is not toxic to lymphoid cells, the generation of cytotoxic effector cells was inhibited by SDIF in a mixed lymphocyte culture. This inhibitory effect was not attributable to the induction of suppressor cells, as SDIF also inhibited the development of nonspecific suppressor cell activity in 7-day cultures of unstimulated spleen cells. The interleukine 2-dependent proliferation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes of or of blast cells was markedly reduced by the addition of SDIF. In contrast, the production of interleukine 2 itself was not impaired by SDIF. These results support the hypothesis of an inhibition by SDIF of a particular step of the mitotic cycle, probably posterior to the G0-G1 transition. An inhibitory activity of SDIF on the expression of the cytolytic activity of cytotoxic T lymphocytes was also observed. PMID- 6223888 TI - Susceptibility of two colonies of Wistar rats to inflammation, with particular reference to delayed hypersensitivity. AB - Two colonies of Wistar rats were tested for their abilities to produce delayed hypersensitivity reactions and other forms of inflammation. Tuck rats, which respond to dextran with an anaphylactoid reaction, produced delayed reactions to tuberculin protein and to ovalbumin in Freund's incomplete adjuvant. On the other hand, NELP rats which do not respond to dextran also produced delayed reactions to tuberculin protein, but only to ovalbumin when this was contained in Freund's complete adjuvant. Rats of both colonies responded to cotton pellet-induced inflammation, but the adult NELP rats showed resistance both to adjuvant-induced and to collagen-induced arthritis, as well as to the production of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. NELP rats also showed a much greater reticulo endothelial system phagocytic activity although antibody titres to sheep red blood cells and the mitogenic activity of concanavalin A and of lipopolysaccharide on spleen cells were similar in the two colonies of rats. PMID- 6223889 TI - Stimulating effect of mercuric chloride and nickel sulfate on DNA synthesis of thymocytes and peripheral lymphoid cells from newborn guinea pigs. AB - The metal allergens mercuric chloride and nickel sulfate were found to stimulate DNA synthesis of different in vitro cultured lymphoid cells from newborn guinea pigs. In contrast to earlier findings in adult animals (where spleen cells were most consistently stimulated), in newborn animals thymocytes were the most clearly stimulated lymphoid cells. When separating thymocytes by peanut agglutinin agglutination, both agglutinated and nonagglutinated cells were stimulated, indicating that both functionally immature and mature thymocytes are the target cells for this effect of metal allergens. PMID- 6223890 TI - Noninvasive assessment of left ventricular performance following transluminal coronary angioplasty. AB - We studied 36 patients with successful transluminal coronary angioplasty (group 1) noninvasively using exercise electrocardiography, exercise T1-201 myocardial scintigraphy and equilibrium radionuclide ventriculography before and 3-5 days after the procedure. Six patients who underwent aortocoronary-bypass surgery (group 2) and 10 patients with stable angina pectoris (group 3) served as controls. All patients had arteriographically documented coronary artery disease at least in one major coronary vessel (stenosis greater than or equal to 70%). In group 1, average coronary stenosis was 81.1 +/- 8.4% before dilatation and 44 +/- 13.7% after the procedure (P less than 0.001). Ischemia score in the exercise electrocardiography decreased from 2.4 +/- 2.7 before dilatation to 0.4 +/- 0.8 after the procedure (P less than 0.001). Myocardial perfusion in computerized T1 201 myocardial scintigraphy 5-10 min after exercise expressed as vitality index (the ratio of T1-201 uptake in the ischemic region to the region of maximal uptake in the same image analyzed carefully in the same view in 2 studies) increased from 72.9 +/- 8.4% before dilatation to 79.9 +/- 11.7% after the procedure (P less than 0.001). Ejection fraction at rest increased from 47.2 +/- 9.2% to 51.0 +/- 9.7% (P less than 0.001) and during exercise from 39.9 +/- 10.5% to 49.4 +/- 10.9% (P less than 0.001) before and after the procedure. In group 2, noninvasive studies showed a tendency to improvement after surgery. In group 3 no significant changes were noted. We conclude that transluminal coronary angioplasty improves both coronary perfusion to ischemic areas supplied by critical coronary artery stenoses and left ventricular function, especially during exercise, if luminal diameter is dilated by greater than 20%. PMID- 6223891 TI - Comparative study of Cyclomunine and Cyclosporin A on human lymphocyte proliferation in vitro. The lack of an immunosuppressive effect by specific clonal deletion. AB - The effect of Cyclomunine (Cym) and Cyclosporin A (CyA) on in vitro human lymphocyte proliferation was assessed and it was noted that Cym and CyA suppressed lymphocyte response to mitogens, allogeneic cells or antigen in a dose -and time--dependent fashion. Furthermore, using a secondary mixed lymphocyte reaction model, we showed that neither CyA nor Cym exerted their immunosuppressive activity by producing specific clonal deletion and that their constant presence was necessary to obtain an antilymphocytic activity. These data suggest that treatment with these drugs in allotransplantation should be on a continuous basis. PMID- 6223892 TI - Changing approaches to methodology of research in special education. AB - The author discusses the methodology applied in research in special education in Poland in the past and proposes new approaches in this respect. In the past the researchers concentrated rather on observation of disabled children with the same kind of disability; quantitative measurements were rarely applied. Objective data on personality traits and behaviour of disabled persons can be obtained by comparative studies of disabled with nondisabled people, using scientific methods. Such studies were conducted in 1976-1980 at Warsaw University, covering such problems like life goods, self evaluation, methods of teaching, outside class activities, upbringing in disabled families, social activity and organization of special education. It appears from this approach that there are far more common than so called "specific" problems between the disabled and nondisabled. The identification of "common denominators" is the basis for decategorization of our perception of the disabled, for the development of adequate services for these people, and for their integration and normalization within society. PMID- 6223893 TI - T-lymphocyte subsets in leprosy. AB - Immunologic abnormalities in T cells have been reported in patients with lepromatous leprosy. Ten patients with leprosy (eight lepromatous, one dimorphous, one tuberculoid) were studied in order to detect the proportions of total T lymphocytes and helper as well as suppressor subsets, using monoclonal antibodies in an indirect immunofluorescence test. Percentages of total T cells, suppressor cells, as well as helper subsets were similar in leprosy patients as compared with age-matched controls. This study could be considered a preliminary one to be followed by functional assays. PMID- 6223894 TI - Potential gains in life expectancy free of disability: a tool for health planning. AB - This paper describes a method for ranking pathological causes according to both mortality and disability. This method consists of measuring the theoretical gain which could be obtained on life expectancy free of disability by eliminating deaths and disabilities resulting from the considered cause. An application to United States mortality and disability data is then given as an illustration. Using the proposed method, chronic conditions of the locomotor system appear as the second in order of importance, after cardiovascular diseases. Respiratory diseases, which have consequences for both mortality and disability, rank third among health problems whereas malignant neoplasms rank fourth because of their relatively small effect in terms of disability. The application of this method by planning agencies, could contribute to better allocation of resources among various intervention programmes or various research programmes which health administrations may decide to support. PMID- 6223895 TI - A method to break the cognitive barrier between a deaf child and a hearing parent. AB - A deaf child actively uses about 1000 concepts in common with the hearing world. The rest of his up to 10,000 concepts belong to sign language and cannot be accurately translated into written language. This makes it difficult for the deaf to understand a normal written text, especially its abstractions. We have developed a new communication system in order to break the barrier between the hearing and the deaf. In this system a deaf child speaks with a writing hand piece terminal through an FM route to a small unlimited text-to-speech synthesizer carried by the parent. The parent answers similarly to a 48-grapheme alphanumerical display carried by the child on a rack in front of him. The parent's unit with a speech synthesizer weighs about 2 kg and its size is about 7 X 20 X 25 cm; the size of the child's unit is one half of that and it weighs, with the display, 2 kg. Even a 4-year-old child carries the apparatus easily; nevertheless a still lighter unit is under construction. The system takes the learning process to everyday situations and makes it possible for a deaf child to converse in the normal written and spoken language. Thus, his concept capacity in the spoken language can be increased. PMID- 6223896 TI - The behavioral effects of lesions of the corpus striatum: a review. AB - Many investigators have examined the behavioral effects of lesions and/or stimulation of the corpus striatum, in a variety of species. This paper is a review of the work seeking the possible links that exist between overt behaviors and physiological structures in the brain. The corpus striatum is a very complex structure, and many of the nuclei associated with it have currently remained enigmatic with regard to function. The studies cited reflect the attempts of many individuals in finding explanations of striatal functioning. PMID- 6223897 TI - [Recent findings on the side effects of drugs on the skin]. PMID- 6223898 TI - Suppression of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis by tilorone: cell transfer and interferon studies. AB - Tilorone is known to induce interferon and to suppress experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) produced by active immunization. In the present work, tilorone was given to donors or recipients of the passive transfer form of EAE, using a localized variety of 1 or 4 days duration and a nonlocalized form of 8 days duration. The results indicated that tilorone inhibited EAE by retarding the clonal expansion in response to antigen, by a reversible inhibition of EAE effector cells, and probably by an effect on nonspecific reactive cells in the perivascular inflammatory infiltrates. Inhibition of EAE was not mediated by the induction of interferon, but was associated with depletion of T lymphocytes. PMID- 6223899 TI - [Metronidazole therapy of rosacea. The drug and its indications]. AB - Introduced on the basis of a primary incidental observation metronidazole has gained more and more interest in the treatment of rosacea. Even before its list of indications had widened steadily. First being used for trichomoniasis, metronidazole is now administered in diseased states as different as anaerobic infection and dependence on alcohol. Although even prolonged administration so far has caused on the whole only minor side-effects in man the experience gained in experimental animals fuels doubts with respect to its long-term safety. Although metronidazole therapy for rosacea proved effective we propose to confine its use to cases that do not respond to tetracycline or local treatment. Pregnancy should be considered a contraindication. PMID- 6223900 TI - The histochemistry of ageing. PMID- 6223901 TI - Studies on induced tracheary element differentiation in cultured tissues of tubers of the Jerusalem artichoke, Helianthus tuberosus. AB - A model system for the study of cell differentiation in plants is described. Tracheary elements differentiate from storage parenchyma cells in cultured explants of the Jerusalem artichoke, Helianthus tuberosus, in the presence of auxin and cytokinin. Differentiation occurs in G1 cells following three successive divisions of precursor cells; the onset of secondary wall deposition follows within 6--8 h of the final mitosis. Differentiation is inhibited by levels of FUdR, actinomycin-D, cycloheximide or gamma-irradiation sufficient to block mitosis. Inhibition was equally effective whether blocking treatments were applied at the beginning of the culture period or after one or two rounds of mitosis. PMID- 6223902 TI - The role of plant hormones in higher plant cellular differentiation. II. Experiments with the vascular cambium, and sclereid and tracheid differentiation in the pine, Pinus contorta. AB - In sterile-cultured explants of stems of the pine Pinus contorta Dougl., fusiform cambial cells differentiated entirely into axial parenchyma cells when exogenous indol-3yl-acetic acid (IAA) was omitted. The normal appearance of the cambial zone was maintained when IAA was included in the medium. The IAA-maintained stability of cambial structure suggests physiological rather than epigenetic control over vascular cambium structure. IAA was essential for the occurrence of callus growth in stem explants. Callus growth was similar in appearance and extent in winter- and summer-explanted material. Tracheids differentiated in explants only when actively differentiating tracheids were already present at the moment of explanting, suggesting the absence of factors necessary for tracheid differentiation in over-wintering tissues. Sclereid differentiation, which normally does not occur in phloem or xylem development in P. contorta, occurred in callus derived from active cambial explants. The sclereids were identical to sclereids which differentiated in pith of intact stems. The possibility that sclereid and tracheid differentiation may be fundamentally similar types of gene expression is discussed. Growth of P. contorta trees in continuous darkness resulted in extensive compression-wood tracheid differentiation in the upright main stem. Normal-wood tracheids differentiated in similar trees grown in light. More tracheids differentiated in light than in darkness. This apparently is the first report of induction of compression-wood tracheid differentiation in the absence of hormone treatment or tilting of trees. Different types and numbers of tracheids differentiated at different position in two-year-old disbudded defoliated stem cuttings of P. contorta in response to apically supplied IAA. No evidence for new tracheid differentiation was seen in control cuttings; however, the results suggest that neither cambial cell division nor tracheid differentiation were actually initiated by IAA. Directed transport of additional regulatory factors toward areas of high IAA concentration is formulated as a hypothesis to explain these observations. Gibberellic acid, (S)-abscisic acid and IAA inhibited tracheid differentiation when individually supplied to basal ends of P. contorta cuttings predisposed to differentiate new tracheids. Experiments with single intact needles on Pinus cembroides var. monophylla cuttings confirmed a previous interpretation that the mature pine needle, rather than the short shoot apical meristem at its base, promotes tracheid differentiation in the stem. PMID- 6223903 TI - Cationic cacodylate iron colloid for the detection of anionic sites on cell surface and the histochemical stain of acid mucopolysaccharides. AB - Stable cationic iron colloid solution was prepared by mixing the Hale's iron colloid (Hale 1946; Mowry 1963) with sodium cacodylate buffer solution. The colloid particles obtained were 30-50 A in size and kept their positive charges in a wide range of pH 1.8-7.6. Observations made on rat kidney tissues proved that this iron colloid solution is promising for the detection of anionic sites of cell surface in fixed tissues as well as in living cells in place of cationic ferritin. PMID- 6223904 TI - Subpopulation of human helper and suppressor T lymphocytes. AB - Mitogen driven differentiation of normal human mononuclear cells is a well established model for the study of antibody synthesis in man. In certain rare individuals who are clinically normal, unfractionated mononuclear cells or a mixture of purified B plus T lymphocytes differentiate into immunoglobulin producing cells in response to purified protein derivative of tuberculin (PPD) but not in response to pokeweed mitogen (PWM). To evaluate this observation we have irradiated T cells from such individuals to eliminate naturally occurring suppressor T cell activity and then added the irradiated T cells back to autologous B cells before culture. The B cells then responded to PWM. The original PPD responses of cells from these individuals were now significantly reduced. Although, there was no difference between PWM nonresponders and responders in the number of OKT-8 positive cells, elimination of OKT-8 positive cells in the PWM nonresponders with OKT-8 monoclonal antibody and complement resulted in a significantly increased response to PWM. This study indicates that there are suppressor T cells which specifically inhibit B cell response to PWM without affecting the PPD response. These results also show that the helper T cells involved in the PWM response are radioresistant and those involved in the PPD response are radiosensitive. PMID- 6223905 TI - Aerobic activity in the axis of growing myofibers in the porcine biceps femoris. AB - Twenty-four pigs between 9 and 29 wk of age were slaughtered at intervals of 4 wk. A microscope photometer was used to measure the staining intensity of histochemical types of myofibers. Biceps femoris myofibers were categorized as either strong-ATPase or weak-ATPase. The growth in cross sectional area of strong ATPase myofibers was greater than that of weak-ATPase myofibers (allometric growth ratio, k = 1.36, P less than .005). Among strong-ATPase myofibers of animals at each different age, myofibers with a large diameter tended to have weaker succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity in their central axis than myofibers with a small diameter. Hence, correlations of cross sectional area with axial SDH staining (transmittance) ranged from r = .27 at 9 wk to r = .43 at 29 wk (all correlations significant, P less than .005). When the means for strong ATPase myofibers of pigs at different ages were compared, SDH staining in the central axis of strong-ATPase myofibers tended to decrease as myofibers grew larger in cross sectional area. On this basis, myofiber cross sectional area was correlated with SDH transmittance, r = .85 (P less than .025). Among weak-ATPase myofibers of animals at each different age, large diameter myofibers sometimes tended to have weaker axial SDH activity than small myofibers, but no significant decrease in axial SDH activity was detected as myofibers grew larger. PMID- 6223906 TI - A histochemical study of myofiber types in the serratus ventralis thoracis muscle of sheep during growth. AB - The objective of the research described herein was to describe the profile of histochemically determined myofiber types in serratus ventralis thoracis of the sheep at various stages of postnatal development. This muscle acts to suspend the trunk and to pull the anterior limbs back during locomotion. The results obtained allow comparison with other results in the literature on muscles with different functional demands of movement and postural activity. Three sheep were sacrificed at each of the following ages: birth, 2, 4, 8, 12 and 16 wk. One 52-mo-old sheep was used. The muscle was processed histochemically for a series of enzyme activities including myosin adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase). Type I myofibers reacted strongly for acid-stable myosin ATPase and negatively for alkali-stable ATPase. Type II myofibers showed the opposite reaction pattern. Various subtypes were classified on the basis of intermediate reaction patterns and on the basis of enzyme activities other than ATPase. Type II myofibers decreased greatly in proportion from birth to 4 wk of age and were essentially unchanged during further growth of the animal. Type I myofibers increased in proportion from birth to 4 wk, increased slightly from 4 to 12 wk and then underwent little further change. Intermediate types changed little from birth to 4 wk and decreased thereafter. Type II myofibers were greater in proportion than type I and intermediate myofibers were always lowest, regardless of age of animal. PMID- 6223907 TI - Teichomycin: in-vitro and in-vivo evaluation in comparison with other antibiotics. AB - Teichomycin, a new glycopeptide antibiotic with a spectrum of activity similar to that of vancomycin, was highly active against staphylococci, streptococci and Gram-positive anaerobes (Propionibacterium acnes, Clostridium perfringens and Cl. difficile). Ninety per cent of the Staphylococcus aureus and streptococcal strains, including enterococci, were inhibited by 0.4 mg/l; 90% of Staph. epidermidis strains were susceptible to 1.6 mg/l. Vancomycin was less active than teichomycin against all clinical isolates tested. Multiply resistant strains, including methicillin-resistant Staph. aureus, were all susceptible to teichomycin and vancomycin. Teichomycin was highly bactericidal for growing cells of staphylococci and Streptococcus pyogenes and moderately bactericidal for Str. faecalis. In mice, teichomycin was well absorbed upon subcutaneous administration and had a half-life of 2.5 h. It was very effective in curing experimental mouse septicemias caused by Gram-positive bacteria (ED50 values less than 1 mg/kg). PMID- 6223908 TI - Reversal of female sterilization: a review. PMID- 6223909 TI - Laser iridectomy and laser trabeculoplasty: new uses of the Argon laser for glaucoma. PMID- 6223910 TI - The hand -- infected flexor tendon sheath. PMID- 6223911 TI - Diagnostic testing in cystic fibrosis. PMID- 6223912 TI - Some problem injuries of the hand. PMID- 6223913 TI - Stress fractures in the lower extremity. PMID- 6223914 TI - Massive hemoptysis in cystic fibrosis. Case report. PMID- 6223915 TI - Blood pressure--high and low. PMID- 6223916 TI - Preventing blindness from diabetic retinopathy. PMID- 6223917 TI - Clinical experience with limited plasma exchange as a mode of therapy in some immunological diseases. PMID- 6223919 TI - Iron uptake from ferrichrome A and iron citrate in Ustilago sphaerogena. AB - Double radioactive label transport assays with iron, chromium, and gallium chelates were used to investigate the mechanism of iron uptake by Ustilago sphaerogena. In iron-deficient cells, ferrichrome A iron was taken up without appreciable uptake of the ligand. Iron-sufficient cells partially accumulated the ligand with the metal. The chromium- and gallium-containing analogs of ferrichrome A were transported as intact chelates. Ferrichrome A iron uptake was inhibited by dipyridyl. The data suggest that the intact ferrichrome A chelate binds to a specific receptor, the iron is then separated from the ligand at the membrane by reduction, and the metal is released to the inside of the cell while the ligand is released to the exterior. The reduction step is not transport rate limiting. Iron chelated to citrate was taken up by an energy-dependent process. The citrate ligand was not taken up with the metal. Uptake was sensitive to dipyridyl and ferrozine. Chromic ion chelated to citrate was not transported, suggesting that the iron, rather than the chelate, is recognized by the receptor or that reduction of the metal is required for transport. PMID- 6223918 TI - SOS induction by P1 Km miniplasmids. AB - We have constructed (in vitro) a set of P1 miniplasmids. The smallest of these that could function as an independent replicon contained the right side of EcoRI 5 plus all of EcoRI-8. Those miniplasmids that lack EcoRI-6 induce the SOS pathway of the cell as shown by (i) increased expression of the recA operon, (ii) excision of the cryptic genetic element e14, (iii) spontaneous induction of lambda, and (iv) dependence of e14 excision on recA+ function. This induction was contingent upon the replication of the P1 Km miniplasmids from their P1 origin and, thus, was apparently caused by an aberrant initiation of DNA replication. When P1 EcoRI-6 was present in cis or trans with a P1 Km miniplasmid, neither e14 nor lambda was excised, but the expression of the recA operon was still induced. These results suggest that P1 EcoRI fragments 5 and 8 are insufficient for normal replication, and thus our P1 Km miniplasmids induced SOS functions. A product of EcoRI-6 may partially restore normal replication. PMID- 6223920 TI - The penicillinase of Bacillus licheniformis is an outer membrane protein in Escherichia coli. AB - The cloned gene coding for Bacillus licheniformis penicillinase (penP) was introduced into Escherichia coli in a heat-inducible lambda Qam vector. After induction, significant amounts of penicillinase were synthesized in the new host. The cellular location of the penicillinase was found to be almost exclusively the outer membrane fraction of E. coli, and virtually no soluble penicillinase was found. According to sodium dodecyl sulfate-gel electrophoresis, the size of the penicillinase from E. coli was identical to that of the membrane-bound form of the B. licheniformis penicillinase. Gel filtration in the presence of Triton X 100 suggested that the penicillinase from E. coli had amphiphilic properties, as does B. licheniformis membrane penicillinase. These results show that the export of the penicillinase to the outer membrane of E. coli involves the cleavage of the signal peptide from the prepenicillinase, giving an outer membrane component indistinguishable from the membrane penicillinase of B. licheniformis. PMID- 6223922 TI - Fluorescence polarization studies on myosin-substrate interaction. AB - The degree of polarization of the intrinsic fluorescence of purified myosin was estimated. On addition of ATP, polarization of the fluorescence of myosin increased when excited at wavelengths longer than 300 nm. In kinetic studies, coupled with the decay of the increased intensity of fluorescence of myosin, the increased polarization of the fluorescence decreased when the ATP was depleted. The decay of the increased polarization of fluorescence of myosin was specific to MgATP. According to the theory of polarization of the fluorescence of proteins, it is likely that some tryptophan residues of myosin, which are responsible for the increase in the fluorescence intensity and polarization when myosin interacts with substrates, reduce their local freedom of rotation. PMID- 6223921 TI - A mutant form of maltose-binding protein of Escherichia coli deficient in its interaction with the bacteriophage lambda receptor protein. AB - In one malE mutant known to be deficient in the transport of maltose and maltodextrins across the outer membrane, the altered MalE protein was shown to be defective in its interaction with the phage lambda receptor, or LamB protein, of the outer membrane. PMID- 6223923 TI - Purification and characterization of beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase from the ascidian, Halocynthia roretzi. AB - beta-N-Acetylhexosaminidase [EC 3.2.1.30] was purified 820-fold from the viscera of Halocynthia roretzi by Sephadex G-200 gel filtration and chromatography on columns of DEAE-Sephadex and CM-Sephadex. The final preparation was sufficiently free from alpha-N-acetylglucosaminidase, alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminidase, alpha- and beta-glucosidases, alpha- and beta-galactosidases, alpha- and beta mannosidases, and alpha-L-fucosidase, and gave one protein band on disc gel electrophoresis. Two different molecular weight forms which depended upon the pH were observed on Sephadex gel filtration. At pH 7.0, a species with a molecular weight of 170,000 was observed, whereas at pH 4.5, an enzyme of 330,000 daltons was seen. The enzyme was active at pH 4.5 but inactive at pH 7.0. The optimum pH and the Km were pH 4.2 and 1.9 mM for p-nitrophenyl beta-N-acetylglucosaminide and pH 4.0 and 0.9 mM for p-nitrophenyl beta-N-acetylgalactosaminide. The terminal beta-N-acetylhexosamine of glycolipids such as globoside I, GM2, and asialo GM2 was cleaved by the ascidian beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase though GM2 was less susceptible to the enzyme. PMID- 6223924 TI - Acrylamide fluorescence quenching studies on the actin-induced change in protein dynamics in the subfragment-1/subfragment-2 link region of cardiac myosin. AB - In order to obtain information about the actin-induced conformational change around the subfragment-1/subfragment-2 link region of myosin, measurements of the fluorescence quenching by acrylamide were made on cardiac myosin and its heavy meromyosin, in which the reactive lysyl residue located in the link region was labeled with an extrinsic fluorophore, the N-methyl-2-anilino-6 naphthalenesulfonyl group. The results with the model compound indicated the involvement of a collisional quenching mechanism for the fluorophore. The quenching rate constant calculated from measured quenching constants using available lifetime data was extremely low for the labeled myosin (0.59 X 10(8) M 1 . S-1), suggesting that the fluorophore bound to myosin is surrounded by segments of proteins. This value was independent of the solvent viscosity, indicating that the quenching reaction is limited by fluctuations in the protein matrix, which produce the inward movement of acrylamide. Chymotryptic digestion of the labeled myosin, which yielded the light chain-2-deficient heavy meromyosin, made the bound fluorophore slightly exposed. Addition of F-actin resulted in about 40% reduction in the quenching rate constants for the labeled myosin and heavy meromyosin. The actin effect was reversed by adding ATP. These results suggest that the binding of actin to myosin makes the protein matrix around the subfragment-1/subfragment-2 link region less mobile. PMID- 6223926 TI - Purification of the bacteriophage lambda late gene regulator encoded by gene Q. AB - The product of bacteriophage lambda gene Q is a transcription antiterminator that activates phage late gene expression. We report a method to purify the lambda Q protein to near homogeneity. We have followed during purification both activity of Q protein to provoke in vitro synthesis of the lambda late protein endolysin in the DNA-dependent protein-synthesizing system, and radioactivity in a polypeptide that we show by genetic criteria to be lambda Q. These co-purify throughout the procedure. PMID- 6223925 TI - The complete amino acid sequence of rabbit muscle phosphoglucomutase. AB - The complete amino acid sequence of rabbit muscle phosphoglucomutase has been determined by isolating the 11 peptide fragments produced by the cyanogen bromide cleavage reaction and subjecting these to automated sequencing procedures. Products produced by treatment of some of these fragments with hydroxylamine, iodosobenzoic acid, mild acid, cyanogen bromide in formic and heptafluorobutyric acids, Staphylococcus aureus V8 protease, and trypsin (with or without blocking at lysine residues) were used to complete the sequence for each of the cyanogen bromide fragments. The cyanogen bromide fragments were ordered by isolating the four tryptic peptides produced by a limited tryptic digest of the native enzyme in the presence of its substrates and its bivalent metal ion activator, Mg2+, degrading these by means of trypsin, after blocking digestion at lysine residues, and isolating and identifying all fragments thus produced that contained 10 or more residues. The 561-residue sequence thus obtained is one of the longest that has been determined by chemical means. There is excellent agreement between this sequence and published compositions after appropriate normalization. The absorbance of the enzyme is about 7.0 at 278 nm for a 1% solution; this value is 9% lower than that previously used. PMID- 6223927 TI - The sites of labeling of the beta-subunit of bovine mitochondrial F1-ATPase with 8-azido-ATP. AB - Reaction of the photoaffinity label 8-azido-[2-3H] ATP with bovine heart mitochondrial F1-ATPase abolishes its enzyme activity; inhibition is prevented by ATP (Wagenvoord, R.J., van der Kraan, I., and Kemp, A. (1977) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 460, 17-24). More than 65% of the radioactivity is associated with the beta subunit and about 25% with the alpha-chains. Radioactivity in the beta-subunit is localized in two specific regions. One corresponds to residues 1-12 (Runswick, M.J., and Walker, J.E. (1983) J. Biol. Chem. 258, 3081-3089), a region which is nonessential for catalysis. Radioactivity in the second region is localized predominantly on three amino acids, lysine 301, isoleucine 304, and tyrosine 311. It seems likely that these residues are found in the vicinity of the ATP binding site of F1-ATPase. PMID- 6223928 TI - Synthesis of hydroxy fatty acids from 4, 7, 10, 13, 16, 19-[1-14C] docosahexaenoic acid by human platelets. AB - Human platelets incubated in the presence of 54 microM [1-14C]22:6 produced hydroxydocosahexaenoic acid (HDHE) at about half the rate with which 12-hydroxy 5,8,10,14-eicosatetraenoic acid is produced from [1-14C]arachidonic acid. More than 90% of the radioactivity in HDHE was distributed among two major isomers, 14 HDHE and 11-HDHE. The production of HDHEs was unaffected by indomethacin but completely inhibited by 5,8,11,14-heneicosatetraynoic acid, which suggests that the hydroxy fatty acids are produced by lipoxygenase. The proportions of HDHE isomers varied with the concentration of 22:6. The ratio 14-HDHE/11-HDHE was higher at 6.8 microM 22:6 than when platelets were incubated with 54 microM 22:6. It is suggested that the amounts of these isomers produced will depend both on the availability of 22:6 as well as by competition of this acid with other acids for lipoxygenase. PMID- 6223929 TI - Rho-dependent termination of transcription. I. Identification and characterization of termination sites for transcription from the bacteriophage lambda PR promoter. AB - We have conducted a detailed investigation of in vitro transcription from the bacteriophage lambda PR promoter in order to examine various aspects of the mechanism of rho-dependent termination. In these studies, we have focused particularly on nucleotide sequence specificity, both at the termini and at potential rho-binding sites on the mRNA, and on the relationships between elongation, pausing, and termination. Rho-terminated transcripts from restriction fragment templates have been analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and termination efficiencies have been established by densitometry of autoradiographs. Termination sites on the template have been located by comparing the electrophoretic mobilities of terminated transcripts with those of transcripts of known length that have been artificially terminated by the incorporation of 3'-O-methyl nucleotides. We have identified five discrete rho dependent termination sites located between 290 and 450 base pairs downstream from the lambda PR promoter. These rho-dependent 3'-termini are somewhat heterogeneous in details of sequence and potential RNA secondary structure, but all possess features that appear to be characteristic of RNA polymerase elongation pausing sites (Morgan, W. D., Bear, D. G., and von Hippel, P. H. (1983) J. Biol. Chem. 258, 9565-9574). The efficiency of termination at individual sites ranges from 20 to 70% under the usual in vitro transcription conditions; termination is inhibited by increasing the monovalent salt concentration. Lowering nucleoside triphosphate substrate concentrations increases termination efficiency at some sites located 290 or more base pairs downstream from PR, but does not enhance termination at sites closer to PR. The substitution of inosine for guanosine residues in the transcript, which decreases the stability of the RNA-DNA hybrid and of secondary structure in the nascent mRNA, results in strong rho-dependent termination at several new sites located 100 to 260 base pairs downstream from PR. In Morgan et al. (cited above), data on RNA polymerase elongation pausing as a function of reaction conditions are correlated with these termination results, and a general model for rho-dependent termination is discussed. PMID- 6223930 TI - Rho-dependent termination of transcription. II. Kinetics of mRNA elongation during transcription from the bacteriophage lambda PR promoter. AB - The kinetics of elongation of the mRNA that initiates from the lambda PR promoter has been examined using specific restriction fragments as template, and the locations at which significant pausing of the RNA polymerase occurs during in vitro transcription have been established. Major pausing of polymerase, in the absence of rho, occurs at the five rho-dependent termination sites (located between 290 and 450 base pairs downstream from PR) that are described in the accompanying article (Morgan, W. D., Bear, D. G., and von Hippel, P. H. (1983) J. Biol. Chem. 258, 9553-9564). The replacement of guanosine by inosine triphosphate in the transcription mix results in the appearance of new pausing sites; these pausing sites correspond, in part, to the new rho-dependent termini between 100 and 260 base pairs from PR identified in the preceding article (cited above) when inosine replaces guanosine in the transcript. The effects of variations in nucleoside triphosphate and salt concentrations on pausing have also been determined. Analysis of the base pair sequences of pausing sites shows that pausing may result from the presence of dyad symmetry, GC-rich sequences, or (for inosine-substituted transcripts) C-rich sequences in the RNA-DNA hybrid region. Quantitation of RNA polymerase pausing at termination loci indicates that pausing sites with relaxation times of 10 to 25 s (at 37 degrees C and 100 to 200 mM KCl) can lead to significant rho-dependent termination. In addition, increasing the length of "natural" pauses by lowering the concentrations of specific nucleoside triphosphate substrates can lead to increased termination efficiency, but only at sites that correspond to rho-dependent termini in elongation experiments conducted at standard concentrations of nucleoside triphosphates. These results, and the findings of the article cited above, are interpreted in terms of a two component model for rho-dependent termination. Required are: (i) a significant pause in transcript elongation due to sequence and/or structural features at the termination site(s); and (ii) a rho-binding site(s) on the nascent mRNA that is long (70-90 nucleotide residues) and relatively free of secondary structure, and that contains appropriate sequences of cytidine residues. PMID- 6223931 TI - Modification of flagellar waveform and adenosine triphosphatase activity in reactivated sea-urchin sperm treated with N-ethylmaleimide. AB - Treatment of demembranated sea-urchin sperm for 1-2 min with 10 microM-N ethylmaleimide (Mal-NEt) at pH 8.0 prior to reactivation with 1 mM-ATP causes the asymmetry of the flagellar waveform to become desensitized to the presence or absence of Ca2+ in the reactivating medium. In such sperm, changes in concentration of free Ca2+ between 10(-7) M and 10(-3) M have no effect on the asymmetry of the waveforms as measured by the turning rate of the sperm in radians per beat cycle, while the beat frequency and the propulsive efficiency of the waves remain unchanged from the values observed in control preparations not treated with MalNEt. A somewhat more prolonged treatment with MalNEt causes a progressive decrease in the bend angles of the flagellar waves, while the beat frequency and the wavelength still remain largely unchanged. Further extension of the treatment with MalNEt causes complete loss of motility. Little ATP-induced sliding of the doublet tubules is observed upon treatment with trypsin of sperm flagella that have been rendered non-motile with MalNEt. However, the preparations of solubilized dynein 1 obtained by 0.6 M-NaCl extraction of axonemes treated with MalNEt appear almost identical to those obtained from untreated axonemes, both in terms of the amount solubilized and in the specific ATPase activities of their latent and Triton-activated forms. These preparations also appear capable of restoring much of the beat frequency of dynein-1-depleted flagella. These results suggest that the observed desensitization to Ca2+ and decrease in bend angle result from the reaction of MalNEt with axonemal polypeptides that are not part of the dynein 1 particle extracted with 0.6 M NaCl. The rate of ATP hydrolysis by demembranated sperm rendered non-motile with MalNEt remains relatively high, and it decreases about 50% when the flagella are broken by brief homogenization. This 'homogenizer-sensitive' ATPase activity appears to be derived from some flagellar regulatory mechanism, which controls the ATPase activity of intact non-motile axonemes. PMID- 6223932 TI - In vitro effects of calcium antagonists PN 200-110, nifedipine, and nimodipine on human and canine cerebral arteries. AB - PN 200-110 [4-(2,1,3-benzoxadiazol-4-)-1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-pyridine-3,5 dicarboxylic acid methyl 1-methylethyl ester], a new dihydropyridine derivative, was investigated by recording isometric tension on spiral strips from human and canine arteries in tissue baths at 37 degrees C. Responses to increasing concentrations of CaCl2 were investigated in calcium-free depolarizing solution (60 mmol/L KCl in equimolar replacement for NaCl, 50 mmol/L TRIZMA buffer, pH 7.4). Comparison of those concentrations that reduced the vasoconstrictor response to 1.6 mmol/L CaCl2 by 50% revealed the following order of potencies on both human and canine arteries: PN 200-110 greater than nimodipine greater than nifedipine. Responses to 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and blood were investigated in Krebs-Henseleit solution (NaHCO3 buffer). On canine arteries, PN 200-110 antagonized responses to 5-HT when used at 10-30 pmol/L; it was approximately 70 times more potent on basilar than on mesenteric arteries, whereas both nifedipine and nimodipine were, respectively, approximately 10 and 6 times more potent on basilar than on mesenteric arteries. When canine basilar arteries were constricted by the addition of blood to the organ bath, each of the investigated dihydropyridine derivatives elicited concentration-dependent relaxation, producing the following order of potencies: PN 200-110 greater than nifedipine = nimodipine. On human anterior cerebral arteries, the blood-induced contractions were counteracted in the following rank order: PN 200-110 = nimodipine greater than nifedipine. The results suggest that due to its potent calcium-blocking activity on cerebral arteries, PN 200-110 might be of value for the prevention and treatment of cerebrovascular spasms following subarachnoid hemorrhage. PMID- 6223933 TI - [Tubular gastrostomy]. AB - Development and generalization of the use of mechanical suturing apparatuses has led to re-evaluation of tubular gastrostomy. Use of the 1AG clamp ensures gastric tubulization under good safety conditions (quality of the suture and absence of opening of the gastric tube). The choice of location of the tube depends upon the size of the stomach. The main indication is for feeding gastrostomies of long duration, particularly cases with irreversible lesions of the esophagus or in the ENT sphere. The quality of the apparatus and the facility with which it can be employed has transformed survival in these patients. A further possible indication is in acute necrotic pancreatitis, its use suppressing complications of classical gastrostomies (Fontan type) (gastric fistulae, disinsertions, difficulties with the apparatus). The only inconvenience of this procedure, minimal in regard to the benefits obtained, is the need for surgical closure. PMID- 6223934 TI - [Small-caliber arterial prostheses: influence of porosity]. AB - Thirty-two pyrolytic carbon coated Weavenit dacron grafts and 32 human umbilical vein segments treated with glutaraldehyde were implanted in the carotid arteries of 32 dogs. Prosthesis samples were removed after periods varying from 10 to 120 days, and sections examined by optical microscopy. Internal surfaces were studied by scanning electron microscopy. Overall permeability was 93.7 p. cent for the dacron prosthesis and 84.3 p. cent for human umbilical vein sections. Fundamental stages of the pseudointimal organization process were compared for the two types of prosthesis. PMID- 6223935 TI - Gonadotropin-independent familial sexual precocity with premature Leydig and germinal cell maturation (familial testotoxicosis): effects of a potent luteinizing hormone-releasing factor agonist and medroxyprogesterone acetate therapy in four cases. AB - Four boys with sexual precocity are described in whom pubertal concentrations of plasma testosterone were associated with premature Leydig and germinal cell maturation without activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary gonadotropin unit. Extensive laboratory evaluation localized the source of testosterone secretion to the testes, and testicular biopsy revealed maturation of Leydig cells and spermatogenic elements. These events appear to be nongonadotropin-dependent in view of the absence of a pubertal pattern of pulsatile LH secretion, persistence of a prepubertal LH response to LRF even after long standing sexual precocity, prepubertal basal levels of LH and undetectable hCG, and the absence of biologically active LH-hCG by bioassay. Indirect immunofluorescence studies failed to demonstrate an immunoglobulin in the patients' sera that bound to Leydig cells or seminiferous tubules of normal adult human testes. The potent LRF analog D-Trp6-Pro9-NEt-LRF did not result in suppression of plasma testosterone or Leydig cell function even after 3 months of daily treatment in two patients which provides additional support of pituitary gonadotropin independence and of the lack of a direct effect of the analog on Leydig cell function. Oral medroxyprogesterone acetate treatment in two patients was associated with a striking decrease in both plasma testosterone concentration and height velocity. In the only patient in whom a complete family history could be obtained (three of four patients were adopted), sexual precocity was noted in the maternal grandfather. As this familial syndrome is characterized by a prepubertal hypothalamic-pituitary gonadotropin unit and apparent gonadotropin-independent maturation of Leydig cells and germinal epithelium, possibly due to an intratesticular inborn error, we propose the term "familial testotoxicosis" to describe this group of sexually precocious boys. PMID- 6223936 TI - Quality control of moxalactam susceptibility disks. AB - In vitro evaluation of two types of moxalactam disks revealed significant performance differences when Staphylococcus aureus was being tested. The differences were traced to the amount of decarboxylated moxalactam present in the disks. The decarboxylated analog was much more active than the parent compound against S. aureus, not active against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and approximately as active as the parent compound against Escherichia coli. A nine-laboratory coordinated study was performed to establish quality control parameters for 30 micrograms moxalactam disks. Problems with the establishment of interpretive standards for moxalactam disk tests were evaluated in the light of differences between disks utilized in earlier studies and those that are now commercially available. The type of disk greatly influences standards for tests with S. aureus but has insignificant influence on testing gram-negative bacilli. PMID- 6223937 TI - Evaluation of intestinal parasite morphology in polyvinyl alcohol preservative: comparison of copper sulfate and mercuric chloride bases for use in Schaudinn fixative. AB - As a result of disposal problems inherent in the use of mercury compounds, many laboratories have considered using copper sulfate as a substitute for mercuric chloride in polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) preservative. The primary use for PVA preserved specimens is the permanent stained smear, the most important technique for the identification of intestinal protozoa. A comparison of organism recovery and morphology was undertaken with PVA containing either copper sulfate or mercuric chloride base. Paired fecal specimens (417 pairs) were collected and examined with the Formalin-ether concentration and Trichrome stain techniques. Numbers of organisms recovered and helminth egg and protozoan morphology were assessed from the concentration sediment. Morphology, clarity of nuclear and cytoplasmic detail, overall color differences, and the ease or difficulty in detecting organisms in fecal debris were assessed from the permanent stained smear. No significant differences were found in the numbers and morphology of organisms seen in the concentration sediment. However, when the trichrome stain was used, the overall morphology of the intestinal protozoa preserved in PVA with copper sulfate was not equal to that seen with PVA with mercuric chloride. We do not recommend switching from mercuric chloride base to copper sulfate base unless that is the only option available for the preparation of permanent stained smears. PMID- 6223938 TI - Single-strain regression analysis for determination of interpretive breakpoints for cefoperazone disk diffusion susceptibility testing. AB - A novel approach for setting interpretive breakpoints in disk diffusion antibiotic susceptibility testing according to determined minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) limits is described, using the method of single-strain regression analysis. The procedure was tested on reference strains Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), Streptococcus faecalis (ATCC 29212), Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853), using published results from cefoperazone disk diffusion experiments. The correlation between logarithm of the disk content and inhibition zone diameter squared was linear, excluding three endpoint values. When constants A and B in the new regression line equation were calculated for the four strains, all four showed different regression lines. Zone diameters corresponding to various MICs were calculated for a disk content of 75 micrograms. The values obtained for the four strains were 20.1, 20.9, 24.9, and 25.8 mm, respectively, for an MIC of 16 micrograms/ml, and 15.7, 15.7, 22.3, and 17.9 mm, respectively, for an MIC of 64 micrograms/ml. The following zone diameter breakpoints were determined for the "I" (intermediate) category, using a 75-micrograms disk: S. aureus, 18 to 15 mm; S. faecalis, 23 to 13 mm; E. coli, 20 to 17 mm; and P. aeruginosa, 20 to 17 mm. PMID- 6223939 TI - Cerebrospinal fluid lymphocytes from patients with multiple sclerosis and aseptic meningo-encephalitis respond in mixed lymphocyte culture. AB - Proliferative responses of cerebrospinal fluid lymphocytes (CSF-L) and peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) from patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and aseptic meningo-encephalitis (AM) were tested in allogeneic mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC). PBL from various sources (MS, AM, healthy subjects) were used as stimulator cells. CSF-L from 10 of 13 patients with MS and all 15 patients with AM were MLC-reactive to an extent not significantly different from that of PBL. No consistent differences in mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) patterns were registered in MS when clinical (exacerbation, age at onset, duration of disease, disability) and CSF variables (mononuclear cell count, CSF IgG index) or presence of HLA Dw2 were considered. The MLC response of PBL obtained from MS and AM patients did not differ significantly from that of healthy individuals. The results contrast with our previous observation of low proliferative response of MS CSF-L to mitogens. Clonal expansion of alloreactive CSF-L offers the possibility of further studies of their characteristics. PMID- 6223940 TI - Platelets have more than one binding site for von Willebrand factor. AB - The binding of 125I-von Willebrand factor (125I-vWF) to platelets stimulated by thrombin, ADP, and a combination of ADP + epinephrine (EPI) is specific, saturable, and reversible. Active platelet metabolism and divalent cations are required for binding induced by these stimuli, but not by ristocetin, suggesting the existence of different mechanisms involved in the vWF-platelet interaction. A monoclonal antibody directed against an epitope of membrane glycoprotein (GP) Ib had no effect on the binding of 125I-vWF to normal platelets stimulated by thrombin or a combination of ADP + EPI, but completely blocked ristocetin-induced binding. Binding induced by thrombin to GPIb-blocked platelets was specific. Moreover, thrombin-induced binding of 125I-vWF was increased, rather than decreased, in two patients with the Bernard-Soulier syndrome whose platelets lacked GPIb. Conversely, monoclonal antibodies directed against the GPIIb/IIIa complex had no effect on ristocetin-induced binding of 125I-v-WF to normal platelets, but blocked thrombin- and ADP + EPI-induced binding. To exclude effects mediated by the platelet Fc receptor, a monoclonal IgG directed against an epitope present on human B cells and monocytes, but not expressed on resting or stimulated platelets, was used. It did not affect 125I-vWF binding induced by any of the stimuli. These studies show that platelets have more than one binding site for vWF, and that they may be exposed by different stimuli. PMID- 6223941 TI - Endothelial characteristics of glomerular capillaries in normal, mercuric chloride-induced, and gentamicin-induced acute renal failure in the rat. AB - A reduction in glomerular capillary endothelial pore size and density has been reported in several models of acute renal failure. It has been suggested that these changes underlie the decrease in glomerular filtration rate and altered glomerular capillary hemodynamics measured in various experimental models of acute renal failure. We have thoroughly quantitated the surface characteristics of glomerular capillaries in control rats and in rats with either mercuric chloride-induced acute renal failure (2 mg/kg body wt) evaluated at 6 and 24 h after administration of the nephrotoxin or with gentamicin (G)1-induced acute renal failure evaluated after 8-9 d of 40 mg/kg body wt twice a day. Despite reductions in glomerular filtration rate in the experimental groups, no significant differences were observed between control (C) and any experimental group with respect to percent areas occupied by fenestrated endothelium (C = 53.6 +/- 2.7%; 6 h HgCl2 = 50.9 +/- 1.9%; 24 h HgCl2 = 53.9 +/- 5.7%; G = 56.7 +/- 2.4%), by cytoplasmic ridges (C = 31.2 +/- 1.5%; 6 h HgCl2 = 29.8 +/- 1.9%; 24 h HgCl2 = 30.6 +/- 3.1%; G = 26.5 +/- 1.5%), nonfenestrated endothelium (C = 15.5 +/- 4.0%; 6 h HgCl2 = 19.3 +/- 2.0%; 24 h HgCl2 = 15.6 +/- 4.3%; G = 16.9 +/- 2.3%), in the individual pore area expressed in square nanometers (C = 1,494 +/- 75; 6 h HgCl2 = 1,326 +/- 48; 24 h HgCl2 = 1,559 +/- 130; G = 1,340 +/- 101), or in the percentage of total pore area within fenestrated areas that were measured (C = 12.8 +/- 0.8%; 6 h HgCl2 = 11.2 +/- 0.7%; 24 h HgCl2 = 10.9 +/- 0.8%; G = 10.9 +/- 0.7%). These results provide quantitative data on the normal glomerular capillary endothelial surface characteristics and suggest that reductions of glomerular filtration rate in acute renal failure are not always associated with alterations in glomerular endothelial capillaries. PMID- 6223942 TI - Early membrane damage during coronary reperfusion in dogs. Detection by radiolabeled anticardiac myosin (Fab')2. AB - There is currently great interest in acute coronary reperfusion as a therapeutic modality for severe myocardial ischemia. While some studies have demonstrated a reduction in the overall extent of necrosis by early reperfusion, other studies have identified potentially deleterious effects produced by reflow. Because membrane disruption may be an important mechanism of irreversible cell injury, we measured changes in cell membrane integrity early during reperfusion using radiolabeled anticardiac myosin (Fab')2 antibody fragments in dogs. Our method involved brief periods of exposure to the (Fab')2 so that the levels of (Fab')2 binding indicated the degree of membrane disruption at discrete times during the progression of cell injury. In the first protocol (Fab')2 fragments labeled with either 125I and 131I were injected into the left circumflex coronary artery at the onset of reflow and at 45 min of reflow after a 1-h circumflex artery occlusion. Coronary sinus flow was diverted for 5 min following each injection to prevent recirculation. The (Fab')2 binding ratio (ischemic/control) increased during the first 45 min of reflow in each of eight experiments (mean increase 170%, P less than 0.01). No significant increase in (Fab')2 binding was observed in five additional experiments in which nonspecific (Fab')2 was injected. This indicates that the increase in binding seen with antimyosin-specific (Fab')2 was due to changes in specific binding rather than to alterations in (Fab')2 delivery produced by changes in blood flow distribution. The increase in membrane damage during reflow was confirmed by a second protocol in which each animal received only a single left atrial injection of (Fab')2 followed by rapid excision of the heart. The (Fab')2 binding ratio was 1.7 +/- 0.3 (SEM) in the group that received (Fab')2 at the onset of reflow and 3.7 +/- 0.6 (SEM) (P less than 0.05) in the group that received (Fab')2 after 45 min of reflow. In a third set of experiments in which hyperosmotic mannitol was infused during reflow the mean increase in (Fab')2 binding using the first protocol was only 80 +/- 40 vs. 170 +/- 30% without mannitol (P less than 0.05). Thus, membrane damage develops early during coronary reperfusion following 1 h of circumflex coronary artery occlusion, and part of this membrane damage can be prevented by altering the conditions of reflow. A method involving brief exposure of the myocardium to antimyosin (Fab')2 is promising for detecting changes in membrane integrity during evolving ischemic injury. PMID- 6223943 TI - Muscle phosphofructokinase deficiency. Biochemical and immunological studies of phosphofructokinase isozymes in muscle culture. AB - Muscle cultures from three unrelated patients with muscle phosphofructokinase (PFK; EC 2.7.1.11) deficiency (Glycogenosis type VII; Tarui disease) had normal PFK activity and normal morphology. Chromatographic and immunological studies showed that normal muscle cultures express all three PFK subunits, M (muscle type), L (liver-type), and P (platelet-type) and contain multiple homotetrameric and heterotetrameric isozymes. Muscle cultures from patients lack catalytically active M subunit-containing isozymes, but this is compensated for by the presence of P- and L-containing isozymes. Despite the lack of muscle-type PFK activity, presence of immunoreactive M subunit was demonstrable by indirect immunofluorescence, suggesting a mutation of the structural gene coding for the M subunit of PFK. PMID- 6223944 TI - Genetic regulation of a structural polymorphism of human C3b receptor. AB - Two forms of the human C3b receptor (C3bR), which have relative molecular weights (Mr) of 250,000 and 260,000 and are designated F and S, respectively, have been identified in specific immunoprecipitates from erythrocytes and leukocytes by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate. Both forms of the receptor were visualized on gels by autoradiography of 125I labeled antigen and by silver nitrate staining. Individual donors expressed one of three possible patterns of C3bR, either the F or S form alone or both, and these patterns represented stable phenotypic characteristics of their erythrocytes and polymorphonuclear and mononuclear leukocytes. Removal of N linked oligosaccharides by endoglycosidase-F treatment decreased the Mr of both forms but did not abolish the difference in their electrophoretic mobilities. That both forms of the receptor were functional was indicated by the capacity of all antigenic C3bR sites on erythrocytes from individuals having any of the three phenotypes to bind dimeric C3b with affinities ranging from 3 to 5 X 10(7) M-1. Analyses of the occurrence of the F and S forms of C3bR in 76 individuals from 15 families revealed that this polymorphism was regulated by two alleles transmitted in an autosomal codominant manner. Of 111 normal unrelated individuals, 64.9% were homozygous for the F form (FF), 1.8% were homozygous for the S form (SS), and 33.3% were heterozygotes (FS). This distribution did not differ from that calculated by the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium based on two codominant alleles that regulate the expression of the F and S forms and that have frequencies of 81.5 and 18.5%, respectively. The locus regulating structural polymorphism of C3bR is designated C3BRM (M for mobility or Mr), and is distinct from the recently described locus regulating the quantitative expression of C3bR on erythrocytes. PMID- 6223946 TI - Group outpatient physical and behavioral therapy for chronic low back pain. AB - Conducted a treatment-outcome study to investigate the effectiveness of behavioral (BT) or physical therapy (PT) for treating chronic low back pain (CLBP). Thirteen patients received BT; 12 patients received PT. All patients had at least a 6-month history of seeking treatment of CLBP. Prior to treatment patients were assessed in four principal areas of functioning: (1) physical abilities; (2) current physical functioning; (3) psychological and psychosocial functioning; and (4) pain intensity and pain perception. Treatments were conducted in a group (5-8 patients) outpatient setting. Both BT and PT met for 10 weekly 2-hour sessions. BT was designed to address the environmental, social, and emotional influences of the pain experience, depression, and decreased activity from CLBP. PT was based upon traditional rehabilitation theory and was designed to improve low back function. The posttreatment results showed general improvement for patients in both groups, but few treatment-specific differences in outcome measures. PMID- 6223947 TI - Chronic low back pain and depression. AB - It is not clear whether the psychological disturbances associated with chronic low back pain are the cause or the result of the chronicity. It is also not clear whether increasing duration of low back pain is associated with depression. Three groups of patients (N = 148), with recent (0-6 months), relatively longstanding (6-24 months) and chronic (more than 24 months) low back pain were given the MMPI, Multiple Affect Adjective Check List (MAACL), State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and Low Back Pain Questionnaire (LBPQ). Increasing chronicity is associated with significant increases on MMPI Hs, D, HY, PT and MA scales, and on STAI Trait Anxiety scale. These results suggest that chronicity leads to the development of psychopathological characteristics and that these characteristics include a heightened awareness of somatic functioning and the vegetative aspects of the depressive syndrome, but that there is no increase in depressive mood or in the perception of the pain itself. PMID- 6223948 TI - Formaldehyde in pathology departments. AB - Toxic effects of formaldehyde in humans are discussed in relation to occupational exposure and tolerance to this agent. Carcinogenic and mutagenic properties of formaldehyde have been reported in animals and this has led to concern about a possible role in human cancer. The current state of affairs is reviewed in the light of a lack of direct evidence linking formaldehyde with cancer in man and in relation to recommended exposure levels. It is important to employ effective means of containment and practical methods for reducing exposure to formaldehyde in pathology departments and post-mortem rooms are described. PMID- 6223945 TI - Evidence for genetic restriction in the suppression of erythropoiesis by a unique subset of T lymphocytes in man. AB - The suppression of erythropoiesis by lymphocytes from patients with a T cell lymphoproliferative syndrome and pure erythrocyte aplasia has been previously demonstrated. To study the nature of the suppressor cell and possible genetic restriction of this suppression, we investigated a patient with severe anemia, splenomegaly, lymphocytosis, and erythroid aplasia. A 3-mo course of low-dose daily oral cyclophosphamide achieved a complete remission for over 12 mo. The surface phenotype of his lymphocytes was analyzed by means of antibodies to lineage, differentiation, and activation-specific surface antigens. The cells expressed mature T cell antigens T3, T8, and T11, while lacking T1. Immature T cell, B cell, and the monocyte-specific antigen Mo2 were absent, while Mo1, a monocyte-associated antigen not normally expressed on T cells, was present. T10 and Ia expressed as activation antigens were also present. The cells, cryopreserved at diagnosis, were thawed and co-cultured in plasma clot with patient remission marrow samples at T cell/bone marrow ratios of 1:1 and 2:1. There was nearly 90% suppression of erythroid colony-forming unit expression and 60% suppression of erythroid burst-forming unit expression at 2:1 T cell to bone marrow ratios and somewhat less suppression at 1:1. Granulocyte/macrophage progenitor expression was unaffected. Erythroid progenitor differentiation in the marrows of two HLA identical siblings was similarly suppressed. The cells were co cultured with the marrows of nine nonrelated donors to investigate the potential genetic restriction of this suppression. Colony suppression equal to that observed in the marrow of the patient and his siblings was found in studies of two partially HLA identical individuals. No suppression was detected in marrow co cultures of two entirely HLA dissimilar individuals. These results show that suppression of erythropoiesis by a unique subset of T8, Mo1, Ia-positive lymphocytes isolated from a patient with lymphocytosis and erythrocyte aplasia is genetically restricted. PMID- 6223949 TI - Immunological aspects including photoimmunology of skin cancers. PMID- 6223950 TI - Evaluation of the skin uptake of mercuric chloride in man. AB - Skin on the forearms of male human volunteers was exposed to aqueous HgCl2 solutions. It was assumed that loss of mercury from the test solution was equivalent to percutaneous absorption. Two parameters important for influencing uptake considered as the rate of absorption were investigated: the concentration of HgCl2 solutions (0.01, 0.1 and 0.2 M) and the time of exposure (5, 10, 15, 30 and 60 min). The absorption rate from 0.1 M HgCl2 solution decreased from 9.3 micrograms cm-2 min-1 during a 5 min exposure to 2.5 micrograms cm-2 min-1 during a 1 h exposure. A ten-fold decrease of HgCl2 concentration resulted in an approximately ten-fold decrease of the absorption rate, from 4.6 to 0.4 microgram cm-2 min-1 during a 30 min exposure. The results indicate that the absorption rate is a directly related function of concentration and an indirectly related function of time of exposure. PMID- 6223951 TI - Long-term carcinogenicity and toxicity study of zearalenone in the rat. PMID- 6223953 TI - Differentiation of phage untypable strains of Staphylococcus aureus. PMID- 6223952 TI - Short-term toxicological studies with impromidine (SK&F 92676): a specific histamine H2-receptor agonist. AB - Impromidine is a specific, potent histamine H2-receptor agonist. The present paper describes the results of acute and short-term repeated-dose toxicity studies with impromidine in rodents and dogs. The intravenous LD50 was 9.6 mg kg 1 in male mice, 12.7 mg kg-1 in female mice and 25.5 mg kg-1 in rats. The minimum lethal dose in dogs after 30 min intravenous infusion was 27.7 mg kg-1 during the infusion and 4 mg kg-1 within 14 days. In 12- or 14-day tests in rats by the intravenous (maximum dose 3.24 mg per kg per day) and subcutaneous (maximum dose 20 mg per kg per day) routes, impromidine had no serious toxicological effects. In 12- or 14-day studies in dogs by the i.v. (maximum dose 0.259 mg per kg per day) and intramuscular (maximum dose 0.5 mg per kg per day) routes, impromidine caused vasodilation, tachycardia and vomiting. In a few dogs, at the highest dose levels, there was erosion and irritation of the gastrointestinal tract and myocardial damage. Other minor pathological changes were seen in the liver, kidneys and pancreas. No changes were seen other than those to be expected from the pharmacological actions of impromidine as an H2-receptor agonist. Studies in anaesthetized rats, either spontaneously respiring or sustained by artificial respiration, indicate that, at acute doses, impromidine causes death by respiratory failure. PMID- 6223954 TI - Composition, secretion, and fate of the glands in the miracidium and sporocyst of Fasciola hepatica L. AB - The anterior end of the miracidium of Fasciola hepatica contains a large flask shaped apical gland and four unicellular lateral glands, all of which have ducts which pass to the tip of the apical papilla. These glands appear to be involved in penetration of the larva into the snail host. The apical gland secretes as the miracidium proves the epidermis of the host before attachment. It seems likely that its secretion is a chemical which lyses the epidermal cells. The lateral glands are PAS-positive and may contain a neutral mucopolysaccharide. They also secrete as the miracidium probes the snail and a layer of PAS-positive material may be seen at the leading edge of the apical papilla as the larva penetrates into the host. Both the apical gland and the lateral glands may be visible in the sporocyst for several days after penetration. PMID- 6223955 TI - Influence of vindesine on the lytic phase of mouse natural cytotoxicity against human leukemic cells. AB - Vindesine (VDS), a structural analogue of Vinca Alkaloids, was found to increase the NK-mediated cytolytic effects of mouse lymphocytes against human K562 target cells in a 18-hr assay. Pretreatment of effector or target cells with the drug did not affect substantially the NK reaction. The phenomenon has been detected using splenocytes of either congenitally athymic or conventional euthymic mice of different strains. Effector lymphocytes deprived of cells adherent to plastic surface or to nylon-wool column were still competent for drug-mediated increase of NK function. It is suggested that modification of the membrane make-up of effector or target cells reversibly induced by VDS, would promote higher NK mediated cytolytic effects. PMID- 6223956 TI - Effect of medroxyprogesterone acetate upon PHA, Con A and PWM stimulated lymphocytes and on E-rosette function. AB - We evaluated if Medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) had an immunosuppressive action as progesterone and other steroid hormones. Lymphocyte function was evaluated by the blastogenic response to mitogens and by the E-rosette test. MPA was tested at 7 ng/ml and 100 ng/ml concentrations. Cells were either preincubated for 30 min., 90 min., 180 min. and 12 hr or incubated with MPA for 72 hr, 18 hr and 16 hr. MPA showed a significative inhibitory effect only when used at the concentration of 100 ng/ml. PMID- 6223957 TI - The relationship between the vitro activity of 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase delta 4-5-isomerase in human sebaceous glands and their secretory activity in vivo. AB - 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase delta 4-5-isomerase (delta 5-3 beta-HSD) catalyzes an early step in the synthesis of testosterone from dehydroepiandrosterone (DHA). We compared enzyme activity in back skin biopsies with sebum excretion rate (SER) in 14 individuals. The rate of conversion of [7 alpha-3H]DHA into [3H]-4-androstene-3,17-dione was measured in cryostat sections of skin and compared with the sebaceous gland content of the same biopsies. Reaction rate was proportional to the volume of sebaceous gland tissue in the sections. Enzyme activity was absent from sections without histologically identifiable sebaceous gland tissue. This suggests that the delta 5-3 beta-HSD is localized in sebaceous glands. SER, measured by a modified photometric technique at the biopsy site, correlated highly with sebaceous gland volume and with the rate of conversion of DHA into androstenedione in the biopsy. For each biopsy, specific activity of delta 5-3 beta-HSD in sebaceous glands was calculated by dividing the rate of formation of [3H]-4-androstene-3,17-dione by sebaceous gland volume. Specific activity of delta 5-3 beta-HSD did not correlate significantly with SER, suggesting that variations in concentration of delta 5-3 beta-HSD in sebaceous glands probably do not underlie variations in sebaceous gland activity. PMID- 6223958 TI - Systemic suppression of contact hypersensitivity in mice by psoralen plus UVA radiation (PUVA). AB - Treatment of mice with 8-methoxypsoralen plus longwave UV radiation (UVA, 320-400 nm) decreased their response to contact sensitizers applied subsequently to unirradiated skin. This decreased reactivity exhibited a delayed time course, it affected the afferent but not the efferent phase of the reaction, and it was associated with the development of splenic suppressor cells. These suppressor cells were antigen-specific T lymphocytes, and they prevented the induction, but not the elicitation, of contact hypersensitivity in recipient mice. In all of these characteristics, the decreased reactivity induced by treatment with psoralen plus UVA radiation (PUVA) resembled that produced by UV radiation of shorter wavelengths (less than 320 nm). These studies suggest that PUVA treatment may initiate the same sequence of cellular events as does exposure to sunlamp (UVB, 280-320 nm) radiation, leading to preferential activation of the suppressor cell pathway. PMID- 6223959 TI - Sunscreens promote repair of ultraviolet radiation-induced dermal damage. AB - Chronic UV irradiation profoundly damages the dermis of human and animal skin. These alterations were thought to be irreversible. Recently, we showed that substantial repair occurred in hairless mice after stopping UV exposure. A band of new connective tissue was laid down subepidermally. The present study focussed on whether repair would occur if animals were protected by sunscreens after dermal damage was induced and irradiation was continued. Albino hairless mice were exposed to Westinghouse FS20 sunlamps thrice weekly for 30 weeks. The daily dose of UV (UVB + UVA) was 0.17 J/cm2. Sunscreens of sun protection factors (SPF) 6 and 15 were applied after 10 and 20 weeks of irradiation. Biopsies were taken at 10, 20, 30, and 45 weeks of the experiment. With both sunscreens, especially SPF-15, previously damaged dermis was repaired during continued irradiation. Repair occurred in situ and, in severely damaged skin, in the novel form of subepidermal reconstruction zones of new connective tissue with parallel collagen bundles and a network of fine elastic fibers. PMID- 6223960 TI - [Left ventricular hypertrophy in hypertensive and athlete's hearts: echocardiographic and vectorcardiographic characteristics]. AB - The difference in the patterns of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) between the athlete's heart (Judo player: Judo-Ath group) and the hypertensive heart (HT group) was studied using vectorcardiography and echocardiography. The both groups were classified into two types based on the pattern of a QRS loop vector in the horizontal plane, respectively. One type (type II) satisfied the vectorcardiographic criteria of LVH by Upshaw, and the other (type I) did not satisfy it. The subjects composed of 12 Ath-I, 18 Ath-II, 10 HT-I and 16 HT-II. In the Ath-I, the characteristic vectorcardiogram was demonstrated in the horizontal plane, where an increased amplitude of an initial QRS vector was in the right and anterior direction. A mean ratio of the thickness of the interventricular septum to left ventricular posterior wall (IVSTd/PWTd) was 1.20 (p less than 0.001) in their echocardiograms. In HT-I, on the other hand, a decreased amplitude of an initial anterior vector and an increased amplitude of a posterior vector were observed in the horizontal plane. IVSTd and PWTd did not increase in these patients. These results indicated that an increased amplitude of an initial QRS vector in Ath-I is a reflection of the increased IVSTd. In type II, both IVSTd and PWTd were symmetrically increased. Concerning a spatial maximum QRS magnitude and left ventricular mass (LV mass), there was a significant correlation between the two only in HT-II (r = 0.75, p less than 0.01). It was concluded that there was some vectorcardiographic and echocardiographic differences between the left ventricular hypertrophic patterns of the athlete's heart and the hypertensive heart. PMID- 6223961 TI - [Measurement of left-sided valve regurgitation by gated cardiac blood pool scans using stroke volume imaging]. AB - Radionuclide gated cardiac blood pool scan was used to quantify the left-sided valvular regurgitation by calculating the ratio of left ventricular to right ventricular stroke counts (the stroke count ratio) obtained directly from the "stroke volume image." The subjects consisted of 21 patients and 11 control subjects. In 21 patients, contrast angiography disclosed that 10 had isolated mitral regurgitation, nine had isolated aortic regurgitation and two had combined mitral and aortic regurgitation. The degree of aortic and/or mitral regurgitation was judged using the Sellers' criteria. The stroke count ratio was 1.34 +/- 0.21 (mean +/- SD) in a group without regurgitation, 1.73 +/- 0.13 in a group of patients with grade I, 2.14 +/- 0.19 in grade II, 2.76 +/- 0.58 in grade III and 5.04 +/- 0.27 in grade IV regurgitation. There was a good agreement between the stroke count ratios and quantitative angiographic estimates of regurgitation. Furthermore, the use of the "stroke volume image" (obtained from the subtraction of end-systolic from end-diastolic images) allowed a simplified drawing of the region of interest and avoided the problem in selecting the background. For its simplicity, we found little interobserver and intraobserver variations (r = 0.98 in the former and r = 0.99 in the latter). Therefore, this method permits a noninvasive and reliable assessment of the severity of left-sided valvular regurgitation, and has a great potential clinical utility in the long-term follow up of asymptomatic patients with regurgitation, and in the evaluation of the results of medical and surgical interventions. PMID- 6223962 TI - 13 native human interferon-alpha species assessed for immunoregulatory properties. AB - Human leukocytes treated with Sendai virus yield interferon predominantly of the alpha-type (HuIFN-alpha). Successful attempts to purify these "native" species have been performed and the final analysis, which included an SDS-PAGE disclosed 13 stained and separated IFN-proteins in the molecular weight-range of 16.6-23.5 kD. These stained IFN proteins were eluted individually from the gel slices and assessed for antiviral activity in human, monkey, and bovine cells, as well as for immunomodulatory effects (in vitro) on human lymphocytes. Based on equal amounts of (human) IFN units, as determined by IFN titration on human cells, the "immunological efficacies" of the 13 different HuIFN-alpha species were determined in three different immunological systems with the following results: (1) Augmentation of the NK function was a property of all species, although the two lower species (16.6 kD, 16.9 kD) were clearly less efficient with "titers" in the NK system reduced 25-fold. (2) Enhanced expression of HLA on lymphocyte membranes was induced by all the HuIFN-alpha species to the same extent. (3) Addition of IFN to mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) augmented the CML outcome of the cultures. In this system all 13 species exerted their effect equally well; no clear inferiority or superiority of individual species were seen. It is concluded that the fractionation of the IFN-alpha into 13 species does not give rise to IFN species which are specific only for some functions and not for others. All species exert all functions, although the relatively "immunological" titers in the NK system varied within the species. PMID- 6223964 TI - [Studies on platelet function in toxemia of pregnancy]. AB - This study evaluated the role of platelets in the pathogenesis of toxemia. The findings were: (1) Thrombocytopenia and macrothrombocytosis are characteristic of toxemia. (2) ADP induced platelet aggregation increases during pregnancy, but decreases in severe toxemia significantly. (3) beta-thromboglobulin levels in both plasma and urine rise during pregnancy, and are significantly high in toxemia, especially in a severe type. (4) The plasma TxB2/6-keto-PGF1 alpha ratio markedly increase in severe toxemia due to the increase in the amount of TxB2. And in the IInd trimester, the ratio in the toxemia onset group in which toxemic pregnancy occurred in the IIIrd trimester showed a significantly higher value than the control group. These findings suggest that, in toxemic patients, platelets are in a hyperactive state and there is rapid turnover caused by selective consumption in organs such as the kidneys and placenta, and that platelet aggregation decreases due to the relative increase in the number of exhausted platelets as the toxemic state is impending. Furthermore, the TxA2/PGI2 balance shifts to TxA2 dominant and measurement of the plasma TxB2/6-keto-PGF1 alpha ratio was considered to help prediction of toxemia in the latter term of pregnancy. PMID- 6223963 TI - [Platelet function during pregnancy, labor, early puerperium, and in preeclampsia]. AB - It was revealed that the coagulo-fibriolytic system in severe toxemia of pregnancy showed chronic DIC. But platelet function which included platelet release reaction was not completely studied in severe toxemia of pregnancy. ADP induced platelet aggregation was decreased in those cases, and especially in eclampsia, platelets failed to be aggregated by ADP. To reveal the mechanism of these phenomena, the following study was performed. METHOD: Platelet count, ADP induced platelet aggregation, beta-thromboglobulin (beta-TG), antithrombin III (ATIII), and fibrin/fibrinogen degradation products (FDP) were determined during pregnancy, labor, puerperium, and in severe toxemia. RESULTS: 1. Platelet count, ADP induced aggregation, ATIII were decreased and beta-TG was increased in severe toxemia and also in the very early period of puerperium, significantly. 2. There was no significant correlation between FDP and ADP induced aggregation. ADP induced aggregation was not inhibited by FDP in vitro at the final concentration of less than 720 micrograms/ml. This suggests that thrombin formation occurs in vivo, in toxemia and in a moment at a very early stage of puerperium, because of high beta-TG level and low ATIII level. But there may be numerous number of platelet which remains reversible. The reduction in the ADP induced platelet aggregation cannot be due to FDP, but may be due to an increased number of exhausted platelets. PMID- 6223965 TI - [A study of T gamma cells in the regional lymph nodes of patients with uterine cervical cancer]. AB - T gamma cells in peripheral blood and regional lymph nodes of 9 patients with uterine cervical cancer were studied. The results obtained were as follows: 1) The ratio of T gamma to total T lymphocytes in the peripheral blood was 12.2 +/- 3.2% in patients with uterine cervical cancer, being 11.2 +/- 2.3% at stage I and 14.5 +/- 3.8% at stage II, respectively. This value is not statistically different when compared with that of healthy donors. 2) The ratio of T gamma to total T lymphocytes of regional lymph nodes was 3.2 +/- 1.5%, much less than that of peripheral blood and showing that there were few T gamma cells in regional lymph nodes of patients with uterine cervical cancer. 3) T gamma cells were very few even in the regional lymph nodes with metastasis as well as without metastasis. These results are very interesting in connection with the immunological role of regional lymph nodes, but the significance requires further investigation. PMID- 6223966 TI - Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty. Therapy for vascular occlusive disease of the lower extremities. PMID- 6223967 TI - Effect of human pituitary luteinizing hormone administration on plasma levels of dehydroepiandrosterone, androstenediol and their sulphates and testosterone in women with secondary amenorrhoea. AB - Human pituitary LH (1200 i.u.) was infused for 4 h (from 10.00 to 14.00 h) into six women with anorexia nervosa and into five women with polycystic ovarian disease (PCO). Plasma dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHAS), androstenediol sulphate, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHA), androstenediol and testosterone were estimated by gas-liquid chromatography in blood samples taken every 2 h from 10.00 to 20.00 h. The values were compared with those obtained at the same times on the previous control day. There were no significant changes in the plasma levels of DHAS and androstenediol sulphate in response to LH at any of the sampling times in either the anorexia nervosa or the PCO patients. In the anorexia nervosa women, plasma DHA levels were significantly increased at 16.00 (P less than 0.001), 18.00 (P less than 0.001) and 20.00 h (P less than 0.05) after LH infusion. In the PCO women, DHA levels increased significantly at 14.00 (P less than 0.01), 16.00 (P less than 0.001), 18.00 (P less than 0.001) and 20.00 h (P less than 0.001) in response to LH infusion. Plasma androstenediol levels increased significantly in the anorexia nervosa patients at 12.00 (P less than 0.001), 14.00 (P less than 0.01) and 16.00 h (P less than 0.01) in response to LH. Similar increases were also found in the PCO patients at 12.00 (P less than 0.01), 14.00 (P less than 0.001) and 16.00 h (P less than 0.01). Plasma testosterone decreased progressively in the anorexic women in response to LH, becoming significant at 16.00 (P less than 0.05), 18.00 (P less than 0.05) and 20.00 h (P less than 0.01). A similar progressive decrease in plasma testosterone was seen in the PCO women, the levels being significantly lower than controls at 16.00 (P less than 0.05), 18.00 (P less than 0.05) and 20.00 h (P less than 0.05). The results represent the first experimental evidence for a direct regulatory role for LH on androgen secretion in women. In addition, the data have a significant bearing on the pathogenesis of the PCO syndrome and the development of hirsutism which may be directly related to the high androgen levels in PCO women in whom the levels of LH are normally raised. The data may also offer an explanation for the mechanisms responsible for the low androgen levels in anorexia nervosa patients in whom there is a gonadotrophin deficiency. PMID- 6223968 TI - Predictors of mortality and disability in stroke. AB - The increasingly accurate prediction of survival and functional recovery in patients with stroke will be of value in planning both their individual management and the health and social services needed. To establish the independent predictive effects of a range of personal and clinical characteristics, data on 900 patients admitted to Northwick Park Hospital with stroke were analysed by stepwise multiple regression. Older patients who lose consciousness at the outset and show signs of multiple neurological deficits, abnormal pupils, and conjugate deviation of the eyes are more likely to die within a year than those without these characteristics. Those who survive the acute episode and are discharged alive are more likely to die within a year if they are old and have sensory loss with severe physical disability. Older female patients who are incontinent, lose consciousness at the onset of stroke, sustain extensive motor deficits in combination with other neurological deficits, and have residual disabilities from previous strokes are particularly likely to be severely disabled on discharge from hospital. Routinely collected clinical data enable useful forecasts about mortality and disability after stroke. The accuracy of these forecasts can probably be improved further. PMID- 6223970 TI - Attentional processing and the subjective contour illusion. AB - Leading explanations of the subjective contour illusion can be classified as being either "bottom-up" or "top-down." Bottom-up explanations assert that peripheral, physiological mechanisms often associated with the perception of real contours also account for subjective contour (SC) perception. In contrast, top down explanations posit a more central locus of SC perception and are formulated on a molar, psychological level. A major aspect of bottom-up perceptual processing is that it is largely automatic. On the other hand, top-down processing implies a greater role for selective attention. In an effort to distinguish between bottom-up and top-down accounts of SC perception, the present investigation used a dual-task paradigm to test the relative attentional demands of real contour perception versus SC perception. In the primary task, subjects made speeded same-different discriminations of either paired SC forms or their real contour analogues. Half the subjects performed this primary task in conjunction with a six-digit short-term memory load secondary task. If subjective forms indeed impose a greater limited-capacity processing load than real forms, then the need to share processing capacity with a secondary task was expected to produce a greater increment in reaction time (RT) for subjective relative to real forms. The results indicated that the expected enhanced RT increment for subjective relative to real forms with the addition of a concurrent memory load was limited to same trials. This result implies that the nature of response indicators must be considered in assessing capacity requirements with the sort of dual-task paradigm used in the present investigation. Nevertheless, the fact that the increment in same RT with the addition of a concurrent memory load was greater for subjective relative to real forms accords with expectations derived from the notion that the perception of SCs is more attention demanding than that of real contours. If the interpretation of the present study is correct, then a comprehensive theory of SC perception will most likely be formulated within the top-down perspective of conceptually driven visual information processing. PMID- 6223969 TI - Familial study on "sinking pre-beta", the Lp(a) lipoprotein, and its relationship with serum lipids, apolipoprotein A-I and B and clinical atherosclerosis. PMID- 6223971 TI - Safety training: the elimination of avoidance-motivated aggression in dogs. AB - This study sought to identify the behavioral characteristics and appropriate treatment of a form of instrumental aggression in companion dogs, herein recognized as avoidance-motivated aggression. In Experiment 1, retrospective data on 92 cases of dangerously aggressive dogs demonstrated the avoidance nature of the aggressive response and its intractability to established counterconditioning treatments. In Experiment 2, safety training, a modified avoidance-learning procedure, resulted in complete and permanent elimination of aggression in all of the 36 dogs tested. In addition, it produced extremely extinction-resistant prosocial avoidance responses, significant increases in the dogs' emotional stability, an avoidance-learning and safety acquisition response set, and improvements in measures of the dog's "carriage." Experiment 3 showed how effective safety training is when compared with other behavior modification techniques that, in theory, should have an impact on avoidance-motivated aggression. Experiment 4 demonstrated the critical importance of using the conditioned safety cue as a positive reinforcement. The relationship of avoidance motivated aggression to other forms of aggression is discussed. The success of safety training compared with the failure of electrical aversion therapy is analyzed. The theoretical concepts of behavioral balance and an avoidance learning set are presented. Suggestions to improve the effectiveness of counterconditioning for human avoidance-motivated pathologies are offered. All in all, the data seem to suggest that safety training may create in dogs a sense of control over environmental stressors. By teaching the dogs a behaviorally balanced battery of prosocial "coping" responses, they may be developing the canine counterpart of "self-efficacy" or "courage." It is suggested that this cognitive modification may provide the antithesis of "learned helplessness" and may be of prime importance to the success and stability of the results. PMID- 6223972 TI - Hemisphere-specific interference in dichotic listening: task variables and individual differences. PMID- 6223973 TI - The role of vision in "visual imagery" experiments: evidence from the congenitally blind. PMID- 6223974 TI - Generating visual images: units and relations. AB - Three major conclusions were drawn from the results of the experiments reported in this article: First, mental images may be constructed by amalgamating images of individual parts, and an increment of time is required to add each additional part to an image. This was true when "parts" were defined by the Gestalt laws of proximity, continuity, or similarity, when parts of objects were presented on separate pages initially and the subject mentally "glued" them together into a single image, and when the number of parts was varied by altering the way an ambiguous geometric form was described. Second, descriptive information can be used in constructing images. Subjects were able to image scenes in accordance with descriptions that specified the relative distances between component objects of the scene. More time was required to form images of scenes containing more objects, and more time was later required to scan between two imaged objects if they were mentally pictured at greater distances. Third, the ease of imaging a unit depends on how much material is included in each unit and on how difficult it is to locate where the unit should be placed relative to the existing portions of an image. This conclusion was supported by the finding that subjects require less time to image arrays composed of units containing fewer letters and require less time if arrays are composed of relatively discriminable letters than if arrays are composed of relatively indiscriminable letters. Finally, in two of the experiments nonimagery control groups were tested to demonstrate that generating an image is not the same as simply retrieving memorized verbal information or reviewing information in some more abstract format. PMID- 6223975 TI - Are variations among right-handed individuals in perceptual asymmetries caused by characteristic arousal differences between hemispheres? AB - We propose that much of the variance among right-handed subjects in perceptual asymmetries on standard behavioral measures of laterality arises from individual differences in characteristic patterns of asymmetric hemispheric arousal. Dextrals with large right-visual-field (RVF) advantages on a tachistoscopic syllable-identification task (assumed to reflect characteristically higher left hemisphere than right-hemisphere arousal) outperformed those having weak or no visual-field asymmetries (assumed to reflect characteristically higher right hemisphere than left-hemisphere arousal). The two groups were equal, however, in asymmetries of error patterns that are thought to indicate linguistic or nonlinguistic encoding strategies. For both groups, relations between visual fields in the ability to discriminate the accuracy of performance followed the pattern of syllable identification itself, suggesting that linguistic and metalinguistic processes are based on the same laterally specialized functions. Subjects with strong RVF advantages had a pessimistic bias for rating performance, and those with weak or no asymmetries had an optimistic bias, particularly for the left visual field (LVF). This is concordant with evidence that the arousal level of the right hemisphere is closely related to affective mood. Finally, consistent with the arousal model, leftward asymmetries on a free vision face-processing task became larger as RVF advantages on the syllable task diminished and as optimistic biases for the LVF, relative to the RVF, increased. PMID- 6223976 TI - Response selection and initiation in speeded reactions: a pupillometric analysis. AB - Three studies are described in which the task-evoked pupillary response is recorded during simple and disjunctive reactions in order to examine its contribution as a measure of the motoric and cognitive aspects of performance in these tasks. In simple reactions a pupillary dilation began about 1.5 sec before the imperative stimulus and peaked about 1 sec after the stimulus. The rate of dilation was inversely related to the interstimulus interval. In disjunctive reactions, both "Go" and "No-Go" responses elicited significant dilations but the No-Go dilation was smaller than the Go dilation. When the response was delayed 2.5 sec after the discrimination stimulus, the dilation to both Go and No-Go responses was much reduced. The pupillary response related to response selection was estimated at 55% of that associated with motor preparation and execution. The probability of responding was found to affect the amplitude of the dilation to No Go responses but not that to Go responses. The data point to a significant contribution of preparatory motor processing in No-Go reactions and to an overlap between decisional and motoric processing in disjunctive reactions. PMID- 6223977 TI - Spatial extent of attention to letters and words. AB - The spatial extent of attention to visually presented letters and words was investigated using a probe technique. The primary task required subjects to categorize (a) five-letter words, or to categorize the middle letter of (b) five letter words or (c) five-letter nonwords. The probe task required the subjects to respond when the digit 7 appeared in one of the five letter positions. Probe trials were inserted at the onset of letter and word processing in Experiment 1 and 500 msec after letter and word processing in Experiment 2. In both experiments, probe trials produced a V-shaped function of reaction times across probe positions for the letter-categorization task for word and nonword stimulus conditions. In contrast, a relatively flat reaction time function was found for the word-categorization tasks. An analysis of the data based on a quantitative model of attentional spotlight distributions suggests that the spotlight width in the letter tasks is one letter space, and the spotlight width in the word task is typically five spaces. PMID- 6223978 TI - Distribution of visual attention over space. AB - Subjects viewed 3 X 3 grids in which different subsets of the nine squares were designated as "figure," either by physical shading of those squares or by a verbal instruction to imagine those squares as shaded. The time taken by participants to respond "on" or "off" the figure was measured for single or multiple probe dots, which all appeared on or off the figural subset together, and which had already been shown to be equally detectable against shaded or unshaded squares and in all nine locations within the grid. In contrast to the set-size effect generally found in experiments on memory scanning, reaction time did not necessarily increase with the number of squares in the figural subset. Instead, the critical variable, which in previous research may often have adventitiously covaried with set size, was the spatial compactness of the subsets (as indexed by square-root-area over perimeter): Probes of less compact figures required more time to classify correctly. Subjects were evidently more successful in confining their attention to sets of mutually proximal items. Reasons are given for believing that this principle may also apply in the more abstract representational or semantic spaces that determine reaction times and errors in various other cognitive tasks. PMID- 6223979 TI - Imagery paradigms: how vulnerable are they to experimenters' expectations? AB - The effects of experimenters' expectations on subjects' responses in imagery paradigms were investigated by leading some experimenters to believe that performance based on the use of imagery would be superior to performance based on perception. Other experimenters were led to expect perceptual superiority. Three paradigms are tested. Experiment 1 considered imaginal and perceptual acuity as functions of the size and relative brightness of the stimulus patterns; Experiment 2 compared imaginal and perceptual scanning of maps; and Experiments 3 and 4 studied the identification of rotated hands after imaginal or perceptual priming. In all the experiments, subjects' performances varied with the experimenters' beliefs, suggesting that these paradigms are sensitive to subtle influences from experimenters' tacit, unintentional cues. Experiment 4 probed the ability of observers to identify both tacit cues and the experimenters' expectations. The observers accurately assigned the experimenters' beliefs but were unable to systematically detect distinguishing and differential characteristics of the experimenters' presentations of the instructions. Analysis of taped transcriptions yielded some differences in temporal phrasing. Implications of these results are discussed. PMID- 6223980 TI - Investigating the boundaries of reading units: letter detection in misspelled words. AB - In two experiments, subjects searching for the letter t in passages that contained some misspellings made many more errors on the word the than on other correctly spelled words. Accuracy increased dramatically when the word the and the other words containing t were misspelled, even when the misspelled word was the same shape as the original. These findings define a word-inferiority effect, which stands in contrast to the superior perception of letters in words over nonwords commonly found in tachistoscopic studies. In a third experiment, subjects searched for the letter n in passages typed normally or typed with all interword spaces replaced by the symbol +. Detection errors on the word and were greatly reduced when the interword spaces were replaced by +s, but errors on other words, including those ending in the suffix morpheme -ing, were not affected by this manipulation. These results suggest that frequent function words are processed in terms of reading units that are larger than the letter and include the interword spaces. PMID- 6223981 TI - Is continuous visual monitoring necessary in visually guided locomotion? AB - Subjects were asked to walk to targets that were up to 21 m away, either with vision excluded during walking or under normal visual control. Over the entire range, subjects were accurate whether or not vision was available as long as no more than approximately 8 sec elapsed between closing the eyes and reaching the target. If more than 8 sec elapsed, (a) this had no influence on distances up to 5 m, but (b) distances between 6-21 m were severely impaired. The results are interpreted to mean that two mechanisms are involved in guidance. Up to 5 m, motor programs of relatively long duration can be formulated and used to control activity. Over greater distances, subjects internalized information about the environment in a more general form, independently of any particular set of motor instructions, and used this to control activity and formulate new motor programs. Experiments in support of this interpretation are presented. PMID- 6223982 TI - Preferences for scale structure in melodic sequences. AB - Most Western music is tonal; that is, pitch organization can largely be described in terms of scales or keys. A considerable amount of research has been conducted on the role played by scale in perceiving notes and melodies. The present article points out a potentially important distinction between scale structure (the set permitted pitch intervals between notes) and mode (the assignment of a special salience or centrality to particular notes within the scale structure). Four experiments are described that investigated the judgment of adult Western listeners for melodies that approximated to scale structure in differing degrees but that were random in other respects. We found that musicians and nonmusicians gave higher ratings of preference and adjudged musicality to melodies containing increased numbers of consecutive notes conforming to scale structure. A significant exception to this rule was the least scalar type of sequence, which received ratings as high as the fully scalar sequences. This exception occurred because subjects identified scale structure not only in groups of contiguous notes but also in groups of discontiguous notes that formed a coherent "stream" as long as the number of notes intervening corresponded to a standard temporal grouping, or meter, such as is commonly found in Western music. PMID- 6223983 TI - A memory model of sequential effects in scaling tasks. AB - Subjects judge successive stimuli to be overly similar in psychophysical scaling tasks. This is called assimilation. They also tend to judge each stimulus as overly different from more previous events. This is called contrast. To examine a two-stage linear model of these sequence effects, we asked subjects to judge the relative intensity of successive tones. In support of the model, responses again depended lawfully on prior events. These memory effects occur in a variety of scaling tasks and are consistent with two assumptions: (a)Successive events assimilate in memory, and (b) subjects compare each stimulus to a collection of memories of prior events to generate a response. The trial-by-trial analysis used to test the model also showed that even in magnitude-estimation studies, equal stimulus ratios do not result in equal response ratios, except on average. This article suggests that examinations of trial-by-trial performance might be useful in studying memory and judgment processes. PMID- 6223984 TI - Anchor research: evidence for an increase in the perceived similarity of stimuli obtained with a speeded-response paradigm. AB - A set of tiny (T) and huge (H) anchor circles and a set of small (S) and large (L) intermediate circles were used. Trials with TT, HH, TH, and HT pairs were immediately and unexpectedly followed by single trials with SS, LL, SL, or LS pairs. In addition, the anchor and intermediate sets were interchanged. Subjects took longer to decide that unexpected SL and LS pairs were different, and they made no errors to unexpected SS and LL pairs. In contrast, subjects took less time to decide that unexpected SS and LL pairs were the same, and they frequently made errors to unexpected SL and LS pairs. Nonetheless, subjects' responses to the unexpected pairs of anchor circles were not similarly affected. Decision criterion explanations can probably be discounted. Instead, the findings accord with earlier research suggesting that memory involving anchor stimuli increases the perceived similarity of intermediate and/or relatively similar stimuli. However, the present findings strongly suggest that memory altered the quality of sensory information at a perceptual level. This memorial influence seemingly occurred within about 400 msec. In one study, a set of large and huge circles replaced the small and large set, and similar results were found. This study relates to theories of anchor effects. PMID- 6223985 TI - Workup for low back pain. PMID- 6223986 TI - Simultaneous isoelectric focusing of EAP and PGM1 on a 0.15mm polyacrylamide gels. PMID- 6223987 TI - Bunyavirus nucleoprotein, N, and a non-structural protein, NSS, are coded by overlapping reading frames in the S RNA. AB - It has been shown previously, by sequence analysis of the S RNA segment of snowshoe hare (SSH) bunyavirus, that two overlapping open reading frames in the viral complementary sequence code for proteins with molecular weights of 26.8 X 10(3) and 10.5 X 10(3) respectively. In addition to the viral nucleocapsid (N) protein, which is coded by the S RNA, analyses of parental and reassortant bunyavirus-infected cell extracts have shown that the viral S RNA and M RNA species each code for non-structural proteins (NSS and NSM, respectively). In the present report, in vitro translation analyses of the S mRNA species recovered from virus-infected cells indicate that a single size class of mRNA directs the synthesis of N and NSS. Compositional analyses of selected tryptic peptides of N and NSS have provided proof that N is the product of the first open reading frame, and NSS the product of the second. PMID- 6223988 TI - Neuropsychological testing of Huntington's patients. Clues to progression. AB - A battery of neuropsychological and academic tests was administered to 16 patients with Huntington's chorea, several of whom received multiple testings. Generalized mental impairment was evident for most of the present sample of patients, but performance IQ was more affected than verbal IQ. Comparisons of impairments on the different tasks relative to expectations for normal adults suggest that measures requiring psychomotor problem solving, sequencing, and memory were most impaired. Sensory, fine motor, and visual motor tasks, however, also revealed relatively severe deficits. Elementary language and academic skills showed least impairment. Follow-up data were congruent with these trends. Results are consistent with other findings in the suggestion they offer for commonalities in the progression of mental impairment associated with this disease. The scarcity of severe impairment in elementary language and academic functions also supports the view that focal deficits are uncharacteristic of Huntington's dementia. PMID- 6223989 TI - Phosphate-activated glutaminase in relation to Huntington's disease and agonal state. AB - Involvement of phosphate-activated glutaminase in Huntington's disease and agonal state was investigated in caudate nucleus and frontal cortex from postmortem brains. In Huntington's disease the activities of phosphate-activated glutaminase, glutamic acid decarboxylase, succinic dehydrogenase, choline acetyltransferase, and acetylcholinesterase were significantly reduced in the caudate nucleus, but not in the frontal cortex. The activity of phosphate activated glutaminase, and to a lesser extent of glutamic acid decarboxylase, was reduced in cases of terminal illness, as compared with cases of sudden death. Succinic dehydrogenase and choline acetyltransferase were reduced only in the few cases of prolonged and severe terminal illness. Enzyme activities of the caudate nucleus were more affected by agonal state than were those of frontal cortex. Results indicate that phosphate-activated glutaminase could be a useful marker of neuronal damage due to agonal state, and that phosphate-activated glutaminase and succinic dehydrogenase are reduced in Huntington's disease. PMID- 6223990 TI - Jaw muscle afferent firing during an isotonic jaw-positioning task in the monkey. AB - The activity of jaw muscle receptors was studied by recording neurons in the mesencephalic nucleus of the trigeminal nerve in monkeys trained to control the position and movement of their mandible. Jaw position was measured by a weighted lever resting on the mandibular incisors. The force required to maintain the position of the lever was varied; in most cases it was either 25 or 360 g. Firing rates of neurons were related to stationary mandibular positions and to the velocity of movements during intervals when the movement velocity was constant. Of 49 neurons studied in detail, 21 fired at rates that were consistently and linearly related to static incisal openings. This static position sensitivity was typically about 5 spikes/mm of incisal opening. Most position-sensitive neurons fired at higher rates during opening movements and at lower rates during closing movements than would be accounted for by their position sensitivity. This sensitivity to the velocity of movement was not linear, however; slow closing movements sometimes did not produce a decrease in firing rate, and an actual increase during muscle shortening was seen in a few instances. The position sensitivity of eight neurons was evaluated during different loading conditions; in no case did it change substantially. Of the remaining 28 neurons, 26 fired at high rates during all opening movements and either stopped firing or fired at low, sporadic rates during closing movements. The static position sensitivity of these neurons was weak and variable both within and between neurons. The velocity sensitivity of these stretch-sensitive neurons was very nonlinear. Except for a range of slow movements (+/- 5 mm/s), the firing rate was maximal (200 spikes/s or higher) for most opening movements and zero for most closing movements. Maximal firing rates were higher when the loads being moved were increased from 25 to 360 g. The majority of position-sensitive neurons exhibited a large interspike-interval variability at wide incisal opening. In most of these neurons, this interspike-interval variability was periodic, usually at a rate of about 10 periods/s, and took the form of "saw-tooth" modulation on a record of instantaneous firing rate. Neurons that exhibited this modulation in a very prominent form also exhibited, in many instances, a substantial increase in firing rate during closing jaw movements. PMID- 6223991 TI - Re: thyroid activity on technetium-99m macroaggregated albumin lung scans. PMID- 6223992 TI - The role of cell renewal in the ontogeny of the intestine. II. Regulation of cell proliferation in adult, fetal, and neonatal intestine. PMID- 6223993 TI - Immunoregulatory T subsets in chronic active viral hepatitis: characterization by monoclonal antibodies. AB - Immunoregulatory T subsets, defined by monoclonal antibodies, were enumerated in children affected by HBsAg-positive chronic active hepatitis. The helper to suppressor/cytotoxic cells ratio was lower in patients than in age-matched controls. The lower ratio was mainly due to an increase of lymphocytes of the suppressor/cytotoxic phenotype. Helper cells were even fewer in severe chronic hepatitis patients, thereby lowering still further the helper/suppressor ratio. Therapy seemed to influence the ratio in patients affected by moderate active chronic hepatitis, for four of eight children treated with azathioprine and prednisone had a ratio within -1 SD of normal values. The increase of the suppressor/cytotoxic cells in patients affected by chronic hepatitis might be a means for limiting virus-induced cell hyperactivity. PMID- 6223994 TI - Lymphocytes from chronically inflamed human gingiva. II. Immunoglobulin production in vitro. PMID- 6223995 TI - Levels of prostaglandin E2, thromboxane, and prostacyclin in periodontal tissues. PMID- 6223996 TI - Proteoglycan and collagen in porcine gingivae. The limitations of tissue sample size in obtaining quantitatively reliable data. PMID- 6223997 TI - Polar and neutral lipid composition of canine gingival specimens in different areas of the mouth. PMID- 6223998 TI - An ultrastructural quantitative study of the significance of microbial multiplication during early dental plaque growth. PMID- 6223999 TI - Statistical analyses of microbial counts of dental plaque. PMID- 6224000 TI - Clinical and microbiological effects of localized ligature-induced periodontitis on non-ligated sites in the cynomolgus monkey. PMID- 6224001 TI - Inhibition of plaque formation in humans by octenidine mouthrinse. PMID- 6224002 TI - New connective tissue attachment in beagles with advanced natural periodontitis. PMID- 6224003 TI - Response of succinate dehydrogenase activity in fibres of rabbit tibialis anterior muscle to chronic nerve stimulation. AB - Succinate dehydrogenase activity (SDH) was estimated kinetically in individual muscle fibres from the rabbit tibialis anterior, in cryostat sections using computer-linked microphotometry to record initial reaction velocities. These were correlated with fibre type based on myofibrillar actomyosin ATPase staining. Analysis of type IIA and IIB fibre populations in control muscles demonstrated wide variations in SDH activity between fibres of identical myosin ATPase type, with a considerable overlap in oxidative activities of the IIA and IIB populations. Muscles chronically stimulated via the peroneal nerve, using two different frequency patterns, showed increases in SDH activity which were primarily located in the type IIB fibres. This increase was observed both in muscles stimulated continuously at 10 Hz, and when similar numbers of stimuli were applied in brief trains at higher frequency. An earlier onset and more rapid rate of increase of SDH activity was seen with 10 Hz stimulation than with higher frequency, though the levels after 14 days of either pattern of stimulation were not significantly different. PMID- 6224004 TI - Distribution of monosynaptic Ia excitatory post-synaptic potentials in the motor nucleus of the cat semitendinosus muscle. AB - Evidence is presented for a lack of localization of monosynaptic Ia excitatory post-synaptic potentials (e.p.s.p.s) in the motor nucleus supplying the atypical cat hind limb muscle semitendinosus, which has anatomically distinct in-series compartments. Recordings were made from dorsal root filaments containing functionally isolated Ia, spindle group II and Ib axons from the proximal and distal compartments of semitendinosus. Twitch of either of these in-series compartments resulted in accelerated discharge of Ia and spindle group II fibres in the other compartment. Ib fibres of either compartment showed an in-series response to twitch of a single compartment which was weaker than twitch of the whole muscle, a finding which was consistent with the diminished force produced by twitch of either compartment alone. In addition, intracellular recordings were made from semitendinosus motoneurones in anaesthetized low-spinal cats during electrical stimulation of the nerve branches to proximal semitendinosus and distal semitendinosus. Comparison of proximal semitendinosus and distal semitendinosus motoneurones failed to reveal any difference between the two cell groups with respect to the average Ia e.p.s.p. amplitude produced by either the proximal or distal semitendinosus nerve branch. However, e.p.s.p.s due to stimulation of distal semitendinosus were approximately 65% larger, on average, than those due to stimulation of proximal semitendinosus in either motoneurone group. Analysis of cell location along the rostro-caudal axis of the spinal cord indicated that the proximal and distal semitendinosus cell groups are largely co extensive. Recordings of volleys in the proximal and distal semitendinosus nerve branches in response to stimulation of the L6, L7 and S1 dorsal roots showed that group I afferents from the proximal semitendinosus compartment tend to have a more rostral entry point to the spinal cord than do distal semitendinosus afferents. E.p.s.p. amplitude in either cell group due to stimulation of either nerve branch showed little dependence on cell location in the spinal cord. The results are discussed with respect to the relation between muscle function and the distribution of monosynaptic Ia connexions. PMID- 6224006 TI - The general practitioner and the disabled. AB - The results are presented of a questionnaire survey testing opinion about care for disabled patients. Most respondents agreed that the disabled in the practice should be identified. The views of the doctors as to the possible methods of identification and how the information might be used are given. The point is made that further in-depth studies are necessary to determine the characteristics of practices with information systems and whether there are benefits to patients attending a practice with such facilities. PMID- 6224007 TI - Videotape as a research tool. AB - In a study of the natural history of back pain presenting in general practice, video recordings of consultations were used in the analysis of observer variation in the examination of the back. Video provided information which could not have been obtained from other sources and stimulated the doctors involved in the study to be meticulous in their examination technique. PMID- 6224005 TI - Shared reflex pathways from Ib tendon organ afferents and Ia muscle spindle afferents in the cat. AB - The possibility was investigated that group Ia muscle spindle afferents and group Ib tendon organ afferents influence spinal motoneurones via shared neuronal pathways. Mutual facilitation of actions of these afferents at a premotoneuronal level has been taken as evidence that they use the same interneurones to evoke post-synaptic potentials (p.s.p.s) in motoneurones. Inhibitory p.s.p.s (i.p.s.p.s) or excitatory p.s.p.s (e.p.s.p.s) were evoked in motoneurones by selective activation of group Ia afferents or group Ib afferents. P.s.p.s following stimulation of both Ia and Ib afferents were then compared with the arithmetic sum of p.s.p.s evoked by each of them separately. When the former were larger the difference was used as a measure of synaptic actions mediated by interneurones co-excited by Ia and Ib afferents. Both excitatory and inhibitory pathways to motoneurones have been found to be shared by Ia and Ib afferents, although the proportion of interneurones actually used in common by these afferents could not be established. The latencies of post-synaptic actions mediated by such interneurones indicated that they were evoked disynaptically or trisynaptically. The study leads to two main conclusions: that group Ia muscle spindle afferents, and in consequence also fusimotor systems, may modulate the reflex action of tendon organs, and that the two groups of afferents are a source of information in a common feed-back system. PMID- 6224008 TI - Procedural issues in cooperative work-study programs. PMID- 6224009 TI - One state's commitment: Alabama's Space & Rocket Center. Designing a family education and recreation complex for all people. PMID- 6224011 TI - 1983 International Summer Special Olympics Games. PMID- 6224010 TI - Being black and disabled: a pilot study. PMID- 6224012 TI - Attitudes of subjects at risk and their relatives towards genetic counselling in Huntington's chorea. AB - Ninety-two patients suffering from Huntington's chorea (HC) and their spouses, and 91 subjects with an affected parent and their spouses, living in three counties of industrial South Wales, have been studied regarding their knowledge of their inheritance of the disorder. Particular attention was paid to its influence on their attitudes towards child-bearing, telling their children of the risks, and predictive tests. Only 12% of the patients were known to have received professional advice before completing their families, in contrast to 68% of the sample at risk. It is estimated that 82% of the patients and 60% of the subjects at risk had, or might have, restricted their family size had they known in time. The majority found genetic counselling helpful, but did not necessarily wish to alter their child-bearing plans in consequence. It was clear that information provided by the family alone was usually inadequate and that this applied to the present generation at risk as well as to previous generations. It was concluded that the burden of telling children the risks is too great for most parents and that professional help is needed. The long term impact of genetic counselling on the incidence of the disease is impossible to assess without continued monitoring, but preliminary results are encouraging. Attitudes towards a predictive test reflected much conflict: although 56% overall wished to take one, only 40% of those who were parents wished to know if they were at risk of passing the gene on to their children. Few subjects reported severe social stress on learning of their genetic risks, but about one in four reported experiencing significant anxiety. PMID- 6224013 TI - Association between phosphoglucomutase (PGM1) and group-specific component (Gc) subtypes and tuberculosis. AB - The polymorphism of PGM1 and Gc was studied by isoelectric focusing in pulmonary tuberculosis patients and controls. For the Gc system, the phenotypic frequencies did not differ significantly, but the PGM1 system showed a significant difference in the tuberculosis patients compared to controls. The data presented here show the potential of newly developed techniques to distinguish subjects with susceptibility to disease. PMID- 6224014 TI - Two chromosome fragments in a child with Down's syndrome and transient chromosome aberrations in the mother. PMID- 6224015 TI - Long-term flow measurement: an assessment of the Siemens Servo 900B expiratory flowmeter. AB - The accuracy and linearity of three Siemens Servo 900B expiratory flowmeters have been assessed by comparison with a dry gas meter. Their performance was reassessed after 792,966 and 950 h respectively. The effects of changes in respiratory rate, relative humidity and oxygen concentration on the meters were studied. It was found that the meters were accurate and linear and that reliable measurements could still be made after long periods of continuous use. The meters were found to be less accurate at low respiratory rates. Relative humidity had little effect on flow measurement. Changes in oxygen concentration, and hence viscosity, led to errors of up to 16% in flow measurement. PMID- 6224016 TI - Resistance of propionibacteria to antibiotics used in the treatment of acne. AB - Strains of propionibacteria resistant to clindamycin or clindamycin and erythromycin were isolated from four patients with acne, three of whom were receiving clindamycin. Four strains of P. acnes and one of P. granulosum with moderate levels of tetracycline resistance were isolated from 25 patients with acne being treated with tetracycline. A similar increase in tetracycline resistance was achieved by training sensitive strains in vitro. P. acnes was sensitive to sulphonamide and trimethoprim but some strains of P. granulosum were resistant to sulphonamide. Similar reports of clindamycin and erythromycin resistance from the USA suggest resistance may be increasing in isolates from patients with acne. PMID- 6224017 TI - Autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction in man. VI. Deficiency of autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction in type I (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus. AB - Autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction (AMLR) was examined in the peripheral blood from 20 patients with type I (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus. Six of 20 patients demonstrated deficient AMLR when compared to the range for simultaneously studied age and sex matched healthy controls. The kinetics of AMLR with regard to duration of the peak proliferative response was similar to controls, the peak response being on day 6. In allogeneic MLR. T cells from patients responded normally. However, non-T cells from patients were poor stimulators against responder T cells from healthy controls. This study demonstrates a deficiency of AMLR in a subset of patients with type I diabetes that further supports an abnormal immune regulation and might be an important mechanism in the pathogenesis and autoimmune manifestations of type I diabetes. PMID- 6224018 TI - Splenectomy causes auto-antibody formation. AB - Serum from 45 splenectomised patients was screened for 8 auto antibodies and compared with controls, either age and sex matched (35) or the same patients measured before splenectomy (10). Sixteen splenectomised patients had demonstrable auto-antibodies compared with 7 controls (p less than 0.05). Three patients who did not have auto-antibodies before splenectomy developed them after an interval of a few months. It is suggested that splenectomy-leads to loss of suppressor cell activity and this permits the development of auto-antibodies. PMID- 6224019 TI - Regulation of the immune response in experimental models of autoimmune disorders. II. Induction of suppressor cells of the mixed lymphocyte culture in adult (NZB x NZW)F1 mice using total lymphoid irradiation. AB - Kinetic studies were done on mixed lymphocyte reaction suppressor cells generated in female (NZB x NZW)F1 hybrid mice (B/WF1) treated with total lymphoid irradiation (TLI) and in stable BALB/c leads to B/WF1 bone marrow chimeras prepared with TLI (8 daily fractions of 200 rads followed by either whole body irradiation 400 rads (WBI) or intravenous cyclophosphamide (CY) 100--200 mg/kg). All chimeras maintained intact BALB/c skin grafts (greater than 500 days) and showed no signs of graft vs host disease (GVHD). Radioresistant alloantigen nonspecific suppressor cells were apparent in the spleen immediately following TLI (78--88% suppression of 3H-thymidine incorporation by co-cultured spleen cells using unrelated stimulator and responder cells in one way MLR). The suppressive capacity was of a relatively short duration since suppression became inapparent within 15--30 days following TLI. Nonspecific radioresistant suppressor cells were maintained in stable BALB/c leads to B/WF1 chimeras for longer periods of time (7 months in chimeras prepared with TLI and CY and 11 months of chimeras prepared with TLI and WBI). On the other hand, specific suppressor cells blocking host type (B/WF1 chimeras. The data suggest that the impaired suppressive immunoregulatory functions of B/WF1 mice can be corrected by normal stem cells even though maturation occurs in the B/WF1 lymphoid milieu. PMID- 6224020 TI - The relationship of Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) profile clusters to pain behaviors. AB - Previous research involving cluster analysis of Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) profiles among persons with chronic low back pain has suggested the existence of four distinct profile clusters. The present study had two goals: (1) to replicate the previous finding independently and (2) to investigate the relationship of the profiles to the subjects' self-reported pain history and response to treatment. Subjects were 92 patients in a multimodal inpatient low back-pain treatment program. A cluster analysis of the MMPI profiles was performed and the resultant clusters were compared in terms of histories and treatment outcome. The four clusters were successfully replicated for the total sample and for males and females separately. The profiles were significantly related to subjects' pain histories, but only one outcome difference was found. It was inferred that the MMPI is of value in understanding patients' pain coping behaviors but that further research is needed to explore the utility of the MMPI in understanding their response to treatment. PMID- 6224021 TI - A dominant (mutD5) and a recessive (dnaQ49) mutator of Escherichia coli. AB - The two known strong mutators of Escherichia coli K12, mutD5 (Degnen & Cox, 1974) and dnaQ49 (Horiuchi et al., 1978), are located at almost the same position, at five minutes on the linkage map. To clarify the genetical and functional relationships between these two mutators, we have constructed hybrid plasmids and phages carrying dnaQ+ or mutD5 by using in vivo and in vitro recombination techniques and examined their effect on the phenotype of wild-type or mutant bacteria. The results indicated that the mutD5 mutator is dominant over the wild type allele whereas dnaQ49 is recessive. Thus, mutD5 plasmid or mutD5 transducing lambda phage can be used to convert a wild-type strain to a highly mutable strain. Both dnaQ+ and mutD5 plasmids carried a 1.5 X 10(3) base DNA fragment derived from the E. coli chromosome and they were indistinguishable from each other by restriction enzyme analysis. Moreover, specific labeling of the plasmid encoded proteins by the maxicell method revealed that the mutD5 plasmid codes for two proteins, one whose molecular weight is 25,000 and the other whose molecular weight is 21,000, which correspond to the dnaQ protein and RNase H, respectively. Insertion of the gamma delta sequence into the mutD gene of the plasmid resulted in disappearance of the 25,000 Mr protein. These results suggested that the dnaQ49 and mutD5 mutator are mutations that have arisen in a single gene, though they differ in many respects. PMID- 6224022 TI - Molecular mapping of genetic and chromomeric units in Drosophila melanogaster. AB - We have used a set of overlapping cloned segments defining a 315 kb (X 10(3) base pairs) region of Drosophila melanogaster chromosomal DNA to map the sequences associated with the polytene band-interbands (chromomeric units) and with the lethal complementation groups contained within this region. The molecular map positions of the 13 +/- 1 chromomeric units from the 87D5-6 to 87E5, 6 region of the third chromosome were determined by in situ hybridization of selected segments to the polytene chromosomes. The length of the largest chromomeric unit within the 315 kb region is approximately 160 kb, while that for the smallest is less than 7 kb and may be as short as 3 kb. By mapping the breakpoints of deletions within the 315 kb region, we have located its 12 lethal complementation groups, which include the genes coding for acetylcholinesterase (Ace) and xanthine dehydrogenase (rosy). Comparison of the two molecular maps indicates a one-to-one topographical correlation between the genetic and chromomeric units. PMID- 6224023 TI - Escherichia coli nusB mutations that suppress nusA1 exhibit lambda N specificity. AB - The bacteriophage lambda N protein regulates phage development by selectively suppressing transcription termination in its host, Escherichia coli. The E. coli nus mutants prevent N activity. To provide additional information on transcription termination, we have isolated pseudo-revertants of the nusA1 mutation that restore lambda N function. One series of pseudo-revertants lie in the E. coli nusB gene, whose product is normally required for lambda N activity. These mutations are N-specific: mutations that restore lambda N activity do not restore the activity of the analogous N protein of phage 21. Similarly, nusB mutations that restore phage 21 N function are deficient for lambda N function. Mapping of the two classes of mutation is consistent with their location in two distinct domains in the nusB protein. We discuss whether nusB is specific for N protein or for some other component of this regulation system, e.g. the phage site (nut) required for N action. PMID- 6224024 TI - Increased protein synthesis and degradation in the dog heart during thyroxine administration. AB - Mongrel dogs were injected with 1-thyroxine (0.5 mg/kg body weight) for 7 or 14 days and fractional synthesis rates of total, sarcoplasmic and myofibrillar protein were measured in the left ventricle using continuous intravenous infusion of [14C]tyrosine. The synthesis rate of total protein was increased from 7.2% to 9.2% per day and 10.9% per day after 7 and 14 days respectively. The normally lower synthesis rate of myofibrillar protein was stimulated proportionately more than that of sarcoplasmic protein, increasing from 6.0% to 11.7% per day over 14 days, while that of sarcoplasmic protein increased from 10.3% to 13.1% per day. There was a significant increase in left ventricular RNA concentration and decrease in collagen, concentration. Left ventricular weight/body weight was 17% greater than normal after 7 days but the lack of further change in the second week suggests that, after the early development of hypertrophy, protein degradation was also increased, along with the markedly increased synthesis rate. PMID- 6224025 TI - Beneficial effects of implanted muscle tissue on pulmonary particulate retention and survival following splenectomy. AB - Following splenectomy (SPLY) there is increased retention in the lung of injected particulate matter and an increased mortality from sepsis in experimental animals. Since it has been shown that autotransplanted splenic tissue (AST) decreased elevated pulmonary particulate retention after SPLY and improved the survival of animals following SPLY and sepsis, we attempted to determine whether the protective effect offered by AST was specific to the spleen. To determine this, four groups of rats were studied: Group I--sham; Group II--SPLY; Group III- received 100 mg of heterotopic AST in an omental pocket after SPLY; and Group IV- received 100 mg of heterotopic muscle tissue from the abdominal wall (AMT) in an omental pocket after SPLY. Six days after the above procedure, reticuloendothelial (RES) function was evaluated. The results indicate that both AST and AMT significantly decrease the abnormal pulmonary retention of particulate matter following SPLY. However, hepatic lipid retention was greater in the AMT than the AST group. Survival following sepsis was studied in other animals from Group I, II, III, and IV. At 7 days after the original operation, the cecum was ligated and punctured (CLP) and then removed 16 hours later. The splenic-as well as muscle-implanted animals showed significantly higher survival rates than the splenectomized animals. We therefore conclude that survival after SPLY can be improved by implanting either a fragment of the spleen or the muscle in the omental pocket. Since both tissues appeared necrotic at 7 days following implantation, the decreased pulmonary particulate retention and improved survival following SPLY and sepsis appear to be due to the presence of a necrotic tissue irrespective of its origin. These results suggest that the early effect of an implanted tissue is a nonspecific stimulation of phagocytosis. PMID- 6224026 TI - The relationship of the baseline ECG to blood pressure change. AB - A total of 1,090 male participants (aged 23 to 80 years) of the Normative Aging Study who had baseline BP less than 140/90 mm Hg were observed prospectively for ten years. Blood pressures were taken at five- and ten-year follow-up examinations. Multiple linear regression analysis indicated that baseline levels of systolic pressure, age, R-wave amplitude (aVL), hematocrit, T-wave amplitude (V5), and S-wave amplitude (V4, V5, and V6) were statistically significant predictors of systolic pressure change. Baseline levels of diastolic pressure, R wave amplitude (aVL), and hematocrit were statistically significant predictors of diastolic pressure change. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that baseline levels of BP, S-wave amplitude (V1, V2, and V3), body mass index, R-wave amplitude (V4, V5, and V6), and T-wave amplitude (V5) were statistically significant predictors of subsequent hypertension. Whether the identified ECG amplitudes are an indicator of early increases in peripheral resistance or a function of neurohumoral factors, or both, is unknown. PMID- 6224027 TI - T-lymphocyte subsets in lymph nodes from homosexual men. AB - To evaluate further the immunodeficiency of homosexual men, blood and lymph node specimens were obtained from five homosexual men with lymphadenopathy and from seven homosexual men with Kaposi's sarcoma. Monoclonal antibodies were used to identify T-lymphocyte subsets in blood by cytofluorometry and in frozen sections of nodes by immunoperoxidase techniques. The homosexuals with Kaposi's sarcoma had a T-helper/suppressor ratio in blood of 0.7; the homosexuals with lymphadenopathy had a ratio of 0.6, compared with controls of 2.1. Control lymphoid tissue had a ratio of 3.0 in the interfollicular areas compared with the reactive lymph nodes in the homosexuals with lymphadenopathy, which was 0.7, and nodes from patients with Kaposi's sarcoma, 0.9. The nodes from homosexual men had evident numerous suppressor cells in the follicular center and mantle regions, locations in normal lymphoid tissue where suppressor cells were uncommon. PMID- 6224028 TI - Acquired immune deficiency syndrome in low-risk patients. Evidence for possible transmission by an asymptomatic carrier. AB - Two patients who contracted acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) could not be included in any of the known high-risk groups for this syndrome (ie, they were not homosexual, intravenous [IV] drug abusers, Haitian, or hemophiliacs). Patient 1, however, had regular sexual contact with her husband, an IV drug abuser who is asymptomatic despite a severe T-cell defect (T-helper cells, 33/cu mm; T-helper/T suppressor ratio, 0.32; and a depressed lymphoproliferative response to mitogens and antigens). We hypothesize that he may be an asymptomatic carrier of an AIDS agent that he transmitted to his wife through intimate heterosexual contact. This mode of sexual transmission may provide a vector for the spread of AIDS to low risk populations. PMID- 6224030 TI - Left ventricular hypertrophy and hypertension. PMID- 6224029 TI - Value of lymph node biopsy in unexplained lymphadenopathy in homosexual men. AB - The acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) manifested by severe opportunistic infections, Kaposi's sarcoma, or lymphoma often has a prodrome of lymphadenopathy accompanied by constitutional symptoms. We studied the histopathologic findings of lymph node biopsy specimens and peripheral blood immunologic parameters of 24 clinically indistinguishable homosexual men with chronic generalized lymphadenopathy. Two different morphological patterns were observed: (1) lymph nodes with follicular and paracortical hyperplasia in 21 patients who had had no clinical deterioration and (2) an atypical pattern of lymphoid proliferation in three patients who experienced rapid development of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and/or opportunistic infections. Several immunologic laboratory results paralleled these changes. Lymph node morphological findings seem to be a useful predictor of outcome in homosexual men with generalized lymphadenopathy. PMID- 6224031 TI - Moxalactam-associated platelet dysfunction. PMID- 6224032 TI - Conservative therapy for low back pain. Distinguishing useful from useless therapy. AB - Conservative therapies for low back pain (LBP) entail expense, work loss, and risk of side effects. Because many competing modalities have been advocated, 59 therapeutic trials were examined for adherence to 11 methodological criteria. Common problems included failure to randomize subjects, use "blind" observers, measure compliance, and adequately describe co-interventions. Applicability of many studies was unclear because of inadequate descriptions of patients, interventions, and relevant outcomes. Flexion exercises, administration of each of three drugs, one traction method, and certain manipulations were each supported by single studies of reasonable validity, but the importance of the results and their applicability to particular types of LBP were unclear. Valid trials supporting use of corsets, bed rest, transcutaneous nerve stimulation, and conventional traction were not found. Better methodological rigor is possible with newer techniques for ensuring blindness to therapy, measuring compliance, and assessing outcomes. PMID- 6224033 TI - [Current antibiotics series I: Piperacillin]. PMID- 6224034 TI - [Clinical studies on cefoperazone in children]. AB - Cefoperazone (CPZ), 50 approximately 200 mg/kg/day, divided into 3 to 4 times/day was drip-infused for 3-20 days to 52 patients (41 patients with acute respiratory tract infection, 6 with urinary tract infection, and 5 with sepsis and/or meningitis. The overall efficacy rate was 92.3%. No adverse reaction was noted. These results indicate the usefulness of CPZ in the treatment of bacterial infections in children. PMID- 6224035 TI - Catecholamine sensitivity and cardiac myosin ATPase activity in dogs treated with propranolol. AB - The effects of propranolol treatment on adrenoceptor reactivity and on cardiac myosin ATPase activity have been studied. Eight mongrel dogs weighing 8 to 14 Kg were given propranolol orally 3 times daily (10 mg/Kg/day) for 2 weeks. Although the levels of propranolol were effective and there was a significant decrease in resting heart rate, there was no evidence of a rebound adrenoceptor hypersensitivity after abrupt withdrawal of propranolol treatment. The responsiveness of cardiovascular systems to 1-isoproterenol (1-ISO) was significantly attenuated 15 hrs after the last medication, but it did not differ from the premedication levels 6 days after discontinuation of medication. The effects of 1-ISO on adenylate cyclase activity in the myocardial membrane preparations were not significantly different between the 3 groups (no medication, 1 day and 6 days after discontinuation). With propranolol treatment, though a rise in total plasma catecholamine (norepinephrine, epinephrine, dopamine) levels was the predominant change, there were no definite changes in respective catecholamines. Serum triiodothyronine (T3) increased during medication in 7 of the 8 animals and decreased after medication. Calcium activated and K+-activated myosin ATPase activity in the inner and outer layers of the left ventricular wall were uniform in unmedicated dogs, and propranolol produced no significant effects. No reliable evidence for propranolol withdrawal syndromes was provided in the present study. PMID- 6224036 TI - Suppression of BCG granuloma formation in mice by sensitized splenic lymphocytes. PMID- 6224038 TI - [Trial day care of handicapped children. 7. Children who are extending their capabilities: a viewpoint of nursing personnel]. PMID- 6224037 TI - [Complaints of low back pain in chemical polishing resin producing workers]. PMID- 6224039 TI - [A case report of operative transluminal coronary angioplasty]. PMID- 6224040 TI - Blood transfusion for renal transplantation: benefits and risks. PMID- 6224041 TI - Early indicators of renal allograft rejection. PMID- 6224042 TI - Renal artery stenosis after renal transplantation. PMID- 6224044 TI - [Use of pneumogastroduodenum under control of a laparoscope in the diagnosis of perforated gastroduodenal ulcer]. PMID- 6224043 TI - Potential for international cooperative programs in renal transplantation. PMID- 6224045 TI - [Diagnosis of venous thromboembolic complications]. PMID- 6224047 TI - [Mondor's disease in athletes]. PMID- 6224046 TI - [High dose medroxyprogesteroneacetate in metastasizing breast cancer: correlations between course of the disease and hormone profiles]. AB - Based upon preliminary observations that tumor response to MPA was correlated to cortisol suppression 42 patients were treated with MPA at different dose levels. 1500 mg MPA p.o. almost completely suppressed endogenous cortisol production in 23 out of 23 patients. Consequently, 51 patients with advanced stage metastatic breast cancer were treated with Medroxyprogesteroneacetate (HD-MAP) at a dosage of 1500 mg p.o. daily or 500 mg i.m. on 5 days per week. There were 5 complete and 7 partical remissions, 23 patients with no change and 10 with progressive disease. 7 patients were not evaluable. Clinical results correlated to plasma cortisol and prolactin blood levels bot not to LH, FSH, TSH, TBI, T3, T4, ACTH and aldosterone measurements. There was no patient with relapse and suppressed cortisol or normal prolactin measurements. The development of pituituary resistance to MPA is suggested. HD-MPA was equally effective in estrogen and/or progesterone receptor positive as in receptor negative patients. It is proposed that cortisol and prolactin determinations are useful to monitor for effective MPA treatment and the early detection of MPA resistance. PMID- 6224048 TI - [Characteristic thermo-imaging of the anterior abdominal wall during infrared thermography]. PMID- 6224049 TI - [Laparoscopy in diagnosis of peritoneal mesothelioma]. PMID- 6224050 TI - Parallel growth of rectus sheath grafts and recipient aorta. Critical role of graft tissue preservation. AB - Previous experimental studies revealed striking similarities in mechanical properties of host aortic tissue and rectus sheath inserted as an aortic graft, as well as enlargement of some of the grafts. We have now evaluated the capacity of rectus sheath grafts to keep pace with aortic growth and investigated the role of tissue preservation in determining the ability of such grafts to maintain suitable dimensions. Autologous rectus sheath grafts were substituted for thoracic aortic segments in 15 puppies, 8 weeks of age. Nine grafts were inserted with careful attention to tissue preservation (live grafts), but in six experiments, cells were killed and tissues fixed by freezing and thawing in acetone before graft implantation (devitalized grafts). Grafts were fixed in situ by controlled pressure perfusion and examined 1, 2, and 3 months after implantation. Over the 3 month experimental interval, body weight increased from 2.0 +/- 1 pounds to 25.0 +/- 2.5 pounds, and as is characteristic for the period of maximum growth rate for the animals. Total thoracic aortic length increased 41.2% +/- 6.1% and aortic diameter, 30.0% +/- 3.1%, during this time. Growth rate of the total thoracic aortic length during the first month was greater for the devitalized graft group, but aortic length was the same for both groups at 3 months. The live grafts increased 42.3% +/- 12.0% in length and 27.3% +/- 3.0% in diameter, i.e., to the same degree as the aorta, whereas the devitalized grafts showed only slight increases in length and diameter (2.1% +/- 2% and 5.3% +/- 5%, respectively). The live rectus sheath grafts were augmented and largely replaced by a newly formed, layered fibrocellular structure, 45.8 +/- 25.8 mm3 in volume, whereas in the devitalized grafts more of the original rectus sheath persisted and only a minimal amount of organized connective tissue sheath was formed (volume 18.7 +/- 8.9 mm3). In addition, cellularity was much greater in live grafts than in devitalized specimens (990.9 +/- 186.8 cells/mm2 and 423.6 +/- 124.7 cells/mm2, respectively). All of the grafts were lined by endothelium. These findings indicate that autologous rectus sheath aortic grafts may be used to provide channels which keep pace with aortic dimensions during the period of maximum growth, provided that the graft tissue is viable on implantation. Long term durability of such grafts may also depend on tissue preservation. PMID- 6224051 TI - A new simulation method to deduce fusimotor activity from afferent discharge recorded in freely moving cats. AB - Direct recordings from identified and classified fusimotor gamma-motoneurons in freely moving animals have not so far been achieved, and present knowledge on fusimotor activity during natural movements is based on qualitative inferences made from spindle afferent discharge. In order to put such deductions on a firmer basis, a simulation method has been developed, which provides quantitative estimates of the fusimotor drive that shaped the spindle afferent discharge, as recorded in chronically implanted cats during voluntary or imposed movements. Simulations are performed in acute experiments on anesthetized cats, whereby variations in muscle length and EMG envelopes are reproduced by an electromagnetic servo from digitally stored segments of the original records. The responses of spindle afferents to the simulated movements are then examined, both in the absence of fusimotor action and during concomitant stimulation of functionally single gamma-motoneurons, rate modulated according to a variety of stored functions (including the original EMG envelope). PMID- 6224052 TI - Treatment of cystic acne with 13-cis-retinoic acid. AB - 13-cis-Retinoic acid (Accutane) is an effective new agent for the treatment of severe cystic acne. The most encouraging feature associated with use of this drug is the persistence of remissions even after administration has been discontinued. The cutaneous side effects are mild to moderate and are usually well tolerated. Careful monitoring of the serum lipids is necessary. In 4 of our 10 patients, the levels of triglycerides became elevated. Of these four patients, three had lowering of the high-density lipoprotein fraction. In three of our most severely affected patients, nonhealing erosions with heaped-up granulation tissue developed at the sites of large acne cysts, which healed promptly after therapy was completed. For the present, we emphasize that use of Accutane should be reserved for severe acne that is unresponsive to conventional treatment; in such cases, careful clinical and laboratory monitoring is imperative. PMID- 6224053 TI - [Description of an ultrasonic Doppler flowmeter and its application to small vessels]. PMID- 6224054 TI - [Lumbar pain, a hall of mirrors?]. PMID- 6224055 TI - [Oral nickel administration in sensitized individuals]. AB - A capsule containing nickel sulphate (2,8 or 5,6 mg Ni) was given to 43 women with nickel contact allergy. They were all observed 24 hours later. In 9 patients no reaction was seen. Thirty-four had positive reactions: in 27 a flare up of previously affected areas of contact, in 8 patients pompholyx eczema type of the hands was observed, 23 complained of pruritus, secondary eruptions and in 4 even urticarial rush. Similar study was performed in a control group of 10 women, without any reactions. The authors compare the results of this study with others previously reported. PMID- 6224056 TI - [Acute urticaria induced by piroxicam]. AB - A case of acute urticaria provoked by piroxicam is reported. Diverse types of cutaneous reactions by this drug have been described. PMID- 6224057 TI - [Histopathological aspects of chromium ulcers]. AB - The authors describe two cases of "cromeholes". Both patients were working in electroplating. The pathology of these lesions demonstrate that it refers to caustic ulcers with necrosis of the epidermis and superficial dermis, with tendency to hyperplasia of neighbouring epidermis and important infiltration of the vessels and specially of the sweat glands. PMID- 6224059 TI - [Fulminating acne]. AB - A 17 years old male patient with acne vulgaris since the age of 13 is reported in whom a sudden exacerbation occurred with large, inflammatory, exquisitely tender, nodular lesions on the back and shoulders. Some were ulcerated and covered by hemorrhagic crusts. The lesions healed with large, unsightly, atrophic scars. With the cutaneous flare there was fever, arthralgia, loss of weight, leucocytosis and increased ESR. Systemic antibiotics (tetracycline, dicloxacillin, erythromycin) were unable to prevent or control the general and cutaneous symptoms that rapidly subsided on oral steroids. The initial relatively low dose could not be significantly reduced without further relapses. Attempts to replace prednisone by dapsone or clofazimine were unsuccessful. The relevant literature is reviewed and commented upon. PMID- 6224058 TI - [Lichen planus. Study of the T-lymphocyte population and Langerhans cells using monoclonal antibodies]. AB - The purpose of the present study was to examine the phenotype of the immunocompetent cells in cutaneous infiltrates and peripheral blood in Lichen Planus. 14 patients have been studied using Monoclonal Antibodies directed against T cell populations. We have used in this study the indirect immunofluorescence technique. Helper cells (OKT4+) and Suppressor/cytotoxic cells (OKT8+) have been observed in all cutaneous infiltrates, and numerous Langerhans cells identified by OKT6 in epidermis and dermis. In peripheral blood, the balance between the two major T cell subsets (OKT4+ and OKT8+) was increased by a reduction of the percentage of Suppressor/cytotoxic cells. This balance is statistically significant (P 0,02). Our results confirm the existence of a lymphocytotoxic process in Lichen Planus. PMID- 6224060 TI - [Erythema elevatum et diutinum treated with nicotinamide and tetracyclines]. PMID- 6224061 TI - [Rough and dry skin and respiratory symptoms among workers exposed to petroleum naphtha]. PMID- 6224062 TI - [Further case of zimelidine adverse effects]. PMID- 6224063 TI - [Side effects of a modified type of zimelidine therapy. A review of current reports]. PMID- 6224064 TI - The effect of pepsin on autologous immune complex glomerulonephritis. AB - The effects of intravenous administration of pepsin on autologous immune complex glomerulonephritis, which is an established experimental model of membranous glomerulopathy in human, were investigated. Sensitization of rats with renal tubular antigen induced an increase in urinary protein excretion, decreases in serum levels of total protein, albumin and immunoglobulin G and histopathological abnormalities in glomerulus. A significant increase in serum immune complex and glomerular immune complex deposit were also observed. These abnormalities were ameliorated by pepsin. Pepsin may be effective and beneficial in the treatment of immune complex nephritis. PMID- 6224065 TI - [Radiotherapy and antitumor immunity. Immunomodifying action of ionizing radiation]. PMID- 6224066 TI - [Cardiomyopathies]. PMID- 6224067 TI - [Pulmonary hypertension in a 45-year-old woman]. PMID- 6224068 TI - Ocular rosacea. AB - Ocular rosacea was diagnosed in 6.3% of a cornea/external disease referral practice where more than half of the patients referred are for corneal surgery. The most common signs and symptoms are also common to many patients in the general practice of ophthalmology, i.e., foreign body sensation, burning, superficial punctate erosions, chalazia and blepharitis. Less common but dangerous to the vision was corneal thinning, vascularization and infiltrates. Three new associated symptoms were described. These were map dot subepithelial opacities, recurrent erosions and moderately severe foreign body sensation, pain or burning with minimal associated signs. Oral tetracycline 250 mg q.i.d. resulted in improvement in almost all patients from 4 to 17 days after initiation of therapy. Although most of the patients have been able to taper and stop therapy, those with foreign body sensation, burning and pain have had recurrences of their symptoms with all attempts at stopping therapy. PMID- 6224069 TI - Cloning and expression of the staphylokinase gene of Staphylococcus aureus in Escherichia coli. AB - Restriction fragments of DNA from bacteriophage S phi-C of Staphylococcus aureus which carries the gene for staphylokinase, one of the plasminogen activators, were cloned onto plasmid pBR322. Recombinant plasmids carrying the 2.5 kilobase pair segment of S phi-C DNA confer on Escherichia coli cells the capacity to synthesize staphylokinase. The enzyme is synthesized in amounts comparable to that found in S. aureus, and irrespective of the orientation of cloned fragments and their insertion site on pBR322. The active enzyme produced by E. coli cells is preferentially recovered from the periplasmic space and in part excreted into the culture medium. It is indistinguishable from the enzyme produced by S. aureus in molecular weight, as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and in antigenicity, as determined by the micro-Ouchterlony precipitation test. PMID- 6224070 TI - The finO gene of antibiotic resistance plasmid R100. AB - Lambda phages carrying the R100 finO gene have been isolated from an R100:: lambda cointegrate in which lambda was inserted into the R100 traD gene at kb coordinate 72.1. Physical analyses of these phages place the finO gene within R100 SalI fragment D, near kb coordinate 82.0. Analysis of proteins synthesized by the phages did not identify the finO gene product, although a constitutive protein of m.w. 30,100 was encoded by R100 DNA between kb coordinates 78.7 and 81.2. PMID- 6224071 TI - Plaque assay for lambda transducing phage carrying the E. coli metB gene. AB - A halo plaque assay has been developed for the detection of nondefective lambda transducing phage carrying functional alleles of the metB gene of Escherichia coli K12. The assay is based upon the production of phage plaques on lawns of metB- bacterial cells which are supplemented with limiting amounts of methionine and upon the subsequent transduction of methionine-starved cells in the lawn surrounding the plaques. The resulting prototrophic transductants give rise to a halo of bacterial growth surrounding the plaque. A precise genotype can be ascribed to the characteristic morphologies of selected haloes. This technique has general application for all biosynthetic markers. PMID- 6224073 TI - Chiropractic referral by medical practitioners. PMID- 6224072 TI - A noninvasive electromagnetic flowmeter. AB - The reliability and reproducibility of peripheral blood flow data obtained by a noninvasive electromagnetic flowmeter were tested using seven male and three female volunteers aged 15-46 years. Each subject was studied under multiple testing conditions in which time, subject's metabolic state, and electrode placement were varied. Each condition was repeated within 1 to 8 weeks to obtain test-retest data. Intraclass reliability coefficients of 0.864-0.998 were obtained on all pulsatile components both within a given measurement sessions and from one day to the next. The size and shape of the waveforms obtained from the data did not significantly differ from one another, thus indicating excellent reproducibility. No significant differences were found between data obtained from the right leg and that obtained from the left. The noninvasive electromagnetic flowmeter was found capable of providing reliable and reproducible data. For data analysis, the second of two consecutive curves seems to be the best choice for clinical assessment. PMID- 6224074 TI - Acute renal failure after peritoneal lavage with mercuric chloride. PMID- 6224075 TI - Effect of dichloromethylene diphosphonate on bone metabolism in calcium and phosphorus-depleted rats. AB - In this paper we examine the effects of dichloromethylene diphosphonic acid (Cl2MDP) (1.0 mg P/kg) in rats which have high levels of bone resorption due to the consumption of low-calcium (0.2%) or low-phosphorus (0.2%) diets. Cl2MDP increased the number of osteoclasts as shown by an increased length of resorbing surface but decreased osteoclast activity as measured by the linear rate of bone resorption. These effects appeared to be greater in the low-calcium and low phosphorus rats, where resorption rates were higher than normal. However, these interactions between dietary and Cl2MDP effects were not statistically significant by analysis of variance. Endosteal bone formation was decreased by Cl2MDP, and the magnitude of this was significantly less in rats receiving low calcium or low-phosphorus diets where endosteal bone formation was already low. Small but statistically significant decreases were also evident in periosteal bone formation and mineralization parameters in Cl2MDP-treated rats whether on normal or low-calcium or low-phosphorus diets. PMID- 6224076 TI - [Idiopathic enlargement of the right atrium]. AB - In a 3 year old male patient with a very rare congenital enlargement of the right atrium the diagnosis was made only because of an occasional chest X-ray film. These dilated right atria rarely cause symptoms, but in rhythmic disorders or thrombosis they can be life threatening. The differential diagnoses of this entity are listed. PMID- 6224077 TI - "Nonspecific" granulomatous orchitis. AB - Three cases of granulomatous orchitis are presented; they were observed during a period of 30 years among 44 testicular tumors. The testis was always uniformly enlarged. The aspect of granulomatous inflammation predominated with nodules or large zones formed from histiocytes, epithelioid cells and more rarely giant, multinucleated cells, and surrounded or intersperced by lymphocytes, plasma cells, fibrocytes and collagen fibers. The epithelial testis component was more or less damaged. The differential diagnosis has to be performed with tuberculosis, sarcoidosis, syphilis, malignant lymphoma and malacoplasia; the clinical data are very important for diagnosis. The traumatic, ischemic, infectious, fungal and autoimmune nature of these lesions is discussed. PMID- 6224078 TI - The "concrete" histological diagnosis of cerebral tumours of neuroectodermic origin. AB - The "concrete" histological criteria for establishing the benignity or malignancy of cerebral tumours of neuroectodermic origin (gliomas and medulloblastomas, respectively granulocytomas) may be thus synthetized: 1) the benign tumours have a fibrocellular structure, the neoplastic cells being relatively monomorphous; vascular hyperplasia is absent, as well as necrotic and hemorrhagic foci; 2) the malignant tumours are hyper- and polymorphocellular, the fibrillar component being reduced or absent; vascular hyperplasia as well as the presence of necrotic and/or hemorrhagic foci is a constant characteristic; the tumoral cells often infiltrate the perivascular spaces. PMID- 6224079 TI - Gynandroblastoma of the ovary. AB - A left ovarian gynandroblastoma in a 24-year-old woman was clinically manifest by prolonged (7 years) amenorrheas interrupted by metrorrhagies, with moderate hypertrichosis is presented. An important urinary elimination of estrogens (1.500 gamma/24 h) and of 17-ketosteroids (25 gamma/24 h) with normal 17-OH and gonadotrophins were evidenced. The microscopic examination of the operated tumor showed structures of a granulous tumor intermingled with arrhenoblastomatous structures. Restoration of the patient's sexual biological conditions. PMID- 6224080 TI - Morphological aspects of the rat kidney preserved by cold storage. I. Glomerular morphometric changes. AB - The absolute density of glomeruli in the microscopic field was determined in the rat kidney preserved by cold storage for 24, 48, 72 and 96 hrs in two different media: Sacks (hyperosmolar electrolytic solution of intracellular type) and Plasmagel (gelatin solution 4%). Progressive, statistically significant (p less than 0.01) decrease of glomerular density at 24 and 48 hrs was followed by return to initial values at 96 hrs. Decrease of the glomerular density was greater with Plasmagel. PMID- 6224082 TI - Defense of peace, defense of human life a duty of honour for Romanian physicians. PMID- 6224081 TI - Morphological aspects of the rat kidney preserved by cold storage. II. The juxtaglomerular apparatus. AB - The present paper reports on the changes occurring in the juxtaglomerular apparatus during preservation of the rat kidney by cold storage, using two media: Sacks and Plasmagel, to which a membrane stabilizing "cocktail" was added (hydrocortisone, chlorpromazine, epsilonaminocaproic acid - EACA, propranolol). Evident alterations appeared at 48 hours more accentuated at 72 and 96 hours, and more intense when preserved in Plasmagel. The most affected structure in the juxtaglomerular apparatus was the macula densa, the epithelial cells having a more stable structure. PMID- 6224083 TI - Some characteristics of the renal compensatory hypertrophy after mononephrectomy in the dog. PMID- 6224084 TI - Lung pathogenesis. II. The structural and conditioned aerial component of pulmonary disease (a systemic approach). PMID- 6224086 TI - On a case of suberythrodermic chronic tinea by Trichophyton violaceum. PMID- 6224085 TI - An immunofluorescent study of lung, hilar lymph nodes and spleen in a series of autopsied cases. AB - Direct immunofluorescence reactions were performed with conjugated antihuman IgA, IgG, and IgM sera on bronchi, lung, lymph nodes and spleen, sampled at 12-72 h after death in a series of 20 cases submitted to autopsy. The IgA cells were preponderent in the lung where they concentrate preferentially in the bronchial tree, whereas the IgG and IgM cells were found in a relative higher proportion in the pulmonary parenchyma. The most intense lung immunofluorescence reactions were identified in pneumonias; in relation of these types they acquire distinct aspects: a bronchio-peribronchial disposition in bronchopneumonia and an interstitial-perivascular one in plasma cell pneumonitis. The lymph nodes and spleen of the same cases presented mostly IgG cells, but also, in a smaller amount, IgA and IgM plasma cells. PMID- 6224087 TI - Lymphocyte subpopulations altered during blood storage. PMID- 6224088 TI - Abnormalities of B-cell activation and immunoregulation in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. AB - We studied B-lymphocyte function in 12 homosexual male patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, 5 healthy homosexual men, and 12 heterosexual controls. In comparison with the heterosexual controls, the patients were found to have elevated numbers of cells spontaneously secreting immunoglobulin, decreased B-cell proliferative responses to T-cell-independent B-cell mitogens, and qualitatively deficient helper T cells. The hyperactive spontaneous B-cell responses as well as the refractoriness to signals for T-cell-independent B-cell activation were highly suggestive of an in vivo polyclonal activation of B cells and may have been responsible for the manifestations of B-cell hyperreactivity, such as hypergammaglobulinemia, seen in these patients. We conclude that the scope of immune dysfunction in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome involves B cells as well as T cells. PMID- 6224089 TI - Mycotoxins in cereal grain. Part VII. A simple method to assay mycotoxin potential of cereal grain and cereal products. AB - A simple test to assay mycotoxin potential of cereal grain and products was elaborated. In cereal grain samples during 1977 and 1981 formation of ochratoxin A, citrinin and zearalenone was observed respectively in 40%, 7% and 31% of cereals samples. Aflatoxin and sterigmatocystin were not formed in any sample of cereal grain. Citrinin and penicillic acid were found as mycotoxins accompanying ochratoxin A. PMID- 6224090 TI - Accessory cell-dependent selection of specific T-cell functions. AB - Activation of many T-cell functions depends on their interaction with antigen presenting accessory cells which express I region associated (Ia) products. Cells expressing accessory cell function include those of the monocyte/macrophage lineage and dendritic cells. More recently, B cells and a number of tumour cell lines of macrophage or B-cell origin were shown to act as accessory cells in certain assays. We showed previously that normal peritoneal exudate macrophages (PEC) induced both T-cell proliferation as well as T-cell help, whereas various Ia+ tumour lines of macrophage or B-cell origin, although stimulating antigen specific T-cell proliferation, did not significantly activate T-cell help. We report here that during the initial T-cell activation in vitro accessory cells (PEC or Ia+ tumour cells) select particular T cells to express previously determined functions. Moreover, some tumour cell lines induce suppressor T cells which inhibit helper activity. PMID- 6224091 TI - Polymorphism in mitogenic effect of IgG1 monoclonal antibodies against T3 antigen on human T cells. AB - It has recently been described that monoclonal antibody OKT 3, that reacts with the T3 determinant on all peripheral T lymphocytes in man, is also mitogenic for T cells. We have produced two monoclonal antibodies (WT 31 and WT 32) which apparently react with the T3 antigen. We have now tested the mitogenic effect of these antibodies and compared it with the mitogenicity of three other anti-T3 monoclonal antibodies, OKT 3, UCHT 1 (ref. 4) and anti-Leu 4 (ref. 5). Two distinct patterns were observed. WT 32 and OKT 3, both of the IgG2a subclass, were mitogenic for human T cells in all cases studied. By contrast, WT 31, UCHT 1 and anti-Leu 4, all of the IgG1 subclass, were devoid of mitogenic effect in 30% of the individuals tested (non-responders). The mitogenicity of all five anti-T3 antibodies was fully dependent on the presence of monocytes. Addition of purified monocytes from a responder to purified lymphocytes from a non-responder induced responsiveness to both IgG1 and IgG2a anti-T3 antibodies. These results suggest that the polymorphism in the mitogenic effect of these IgG1 antibodies is caused by polymorphism in monocyte function, possibly at the level of the Fc receptor that reacts with mouse IgG1. PMID- 6224092 TI - Inhibition of pathogenic effect of effector T cells by specific suppressor T cells during influenza virus infection in mice. AB - Mice infected with an aerosol of influenza type A virus, or immunized with purified UV-inactivated whole virus or with viral subunits, develop a transient delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) which peaks 5-7 days after immunization. The intensity of DTH is greatly enhanced and sustained when mice are pretreated with cyclophosphamide. The reaction is maximal 24 h after elicitation, has classical tuberculin-type histology and is transferable by immune H-21 region restricted Lyt-1+2- T cells (Td) but not by immune serum. These Td cells not only fail to protect mice against influenza virus infection, but increase the mortality rate due to influenzal pneumonia following challenge with homologous lethal virus. On the other hand, antigen-specific suppressor T (Ts) cells which inhibit DTH are readily generated during influenza virus infection, and are detectable for at least 40 days thereafter. The ease with which they are induced and maintained during the infection may be of evolutionary advantage. In support of this, we now report that these Ts cells can reverse the pathogenic effect of Td cells thereby demonstrating a beneficial influence of Ts cells in a viral disease. PMID- 6224093 TI - [Dental care of patients with renal insufficiency. I]. PMID- 6224094 TI - Clinical membranous nephropathy. PMID- 6224096 TI - Central H1- and H2-histaminergic stimulation of pituitary-adrenocortical response under stress in rats. AB - In rats subjected to a mild stress of immobilization histamine, H1-receptor agonist 2-pyridylethylamine (PEA), and H2-receptor agonists, 4-methylhistamine (4 MHA) and dimaprit, given intraventricularly 60 min prior to stress, intensified the stress-induced increase of hypophyseal-adrenocortical response, evaluated indirectly through corticosterone concentration in blood serum. The effects were dose dependent and on a molar basis histamine and PEA were the most potent and 4 MHA and dimaprit were less effective, in this respect. The effect of histamine was almost totally blocked by both H1-receptor antagonists, mepyramine or chloropyramine, and by H2-receptor antagonists, metiamide or cimetidine. The corticosterone response to PEA was abolished by mepyramine, and the responses to 4-MHA or dimaprit were antagonized by cimetidine and metiamide. The response to the H1 agonist was not substantially altered by pretreatment with cimetidine, and the responses to the H2 agonists were not changed by mepyramine. These results suggest that in stressed rats the corticosterone response to histamine is mediated by both H1 and H2 central histamine receptors. PMID- 6224095 TI - [Comparative studies on the lipid content of the cerebrospinal fluid and serum lipoprotein fractions in patients with discopathic changes]. AB - The reported investigations were carried out in 12 subjects with low back pains caused by lumbar discopathy. The studied material were cerebrospinal fluid samples obtained during lumbar tap and blood obtained from the antecubital vein. In the fluid, serum and lipoprotein fractions the concentrations of cholesterol, triglycerides and phospholipids were determined. It was found that the concentration of the lipids determined in the cerebrospinal fluid in patients with discopathy was not different from that demonstrated in healthy subjects. The lipid content of the fluid differed significantly from that of the serum but was very similar to the composition of lipids in the high density lipoprotein fraction (HDL). The summed up concentration of cholesterol, triglycerides and phospholipids was about 170 times lower than that in the HDL fraction. PMID- 6224098 TI - [Changes in electrocardiographic signs in left ventricular hypertrophy after aortic valve replacement. Prognostic significance]. PMID- 6224097 TI - The costs of asbestos-associated disease and death. PMID- 6224099 TI - Schools of nursing and the handicapped applicant: status of the law. PMID- 6224100 TI - Musculoskeletal problems. PMID- 6224101 TI - Chronic backache is not an emergency. PMID- 6224102 TI - Myasthenia gravis and pregnancy: a reappraisal of thymectomy. AB - A retrospective review of pregnancy in patients with myasthenia gravis at Duke University was conducted. Twelve new cases of pregnancy in eight myasthenic mothers are reported. In general, thymectomy was the primary treatment modality in these patients and preceded the gestational period in all cases. The clinical course of myasthenia gravis in these pregnancies prompted a literature review of previous case reports. Comparison of clinical symptomatology, course of disease, and maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality revealed that the incidence of clinical exacerbation was less in the thymectomy than in the nonthymectomy group. The role of the thymus in the pathogenesis of myasthenia gravis is reviewed. The rationale for the use and timing of thymectomy in the treatment of the myasthenic patient is presented. This review supports the continued use of thymectomy for the initial treatment of the young, nonpregnant myasthenic female patient. PMID- 6224103 TI - Photocoagulation of endometriosis by the argon laser through the laparoscope. AB - Photocoagulation of peritoneal implants of endometriosis was performed in five women during laparoscopy to evaluate infertility. A 600-microns flexible quartz fiber was passed into the abdomen through a suprapubic incision using an instrument with a steerable operating tip. Thirty-one implants of the uterosacral ligaments, ovaries, fallopian tubes, bladder, and sigmoid were photocoagulated without complication or perforation. Because of the selective absorption of the argon laser by the hemoglobin of the endometriosis implants and the ease of photocoagulating implants at laparoscopy, this technique may eventually be an important therapeutic modality for the treatment of endometriosis. PMID- 6224104 TI - Necrotizing fasciitis following diagnostic laparoscopy. AB - A case of necrotizing fasciitis of the abdominal wall, following an uneventful diagnostic laparoscopy in an elderly, diabetic patient is reported. The patient recovered after extensive surgical debridement and antibiotic therapy. The possibility of a lethal infection in patients with impaired immune defense mechanisms is discussed. PMID- 6224105 TI - Absence of a segment of the proximal portion of a fallopian tube. AB - A case is presented of a patient with a segmental defect of the proximal portion of one fallopian tube. Through the laparoscope this defect appeared as if a tubal cauterization had been performed previously. PMID- 6224107 TI - Loss of consortium claims: rare, but not impossible. PMID- 6224106 TI - Safety: hairdressing hazards. PMID- 6224108 TI - Physical standards: discrimination risk. PMID- 6224110 TI - [Psychiatry in the press]. PMID- 6224109 TI - [Preventive parent training in Bern. I. Organization, experimental plan, participation]. PMID- 6224111 TI - [Prevention of caries and periodontal diseases in the Public Health Service- opportunities and limitations of a new program]. PMID- 6224112 TI - [Epidemiology of Campylobacter jejuni in youth camps]. PMID- 6224113 TI - [Parasitological studies of stool of applicants for asylum and therapy of intestinal parasitoses]. PMID- 6224115 TI - [Patient transport and hygiene]. PMID- 6224114 TI - [Sociomedical aspects of prostitution in Bangkok - results of a project study]. PMID- 6224116 TI - [Passive smoking - only a nuisance or a real health risk?]. PMID- 6224117 TI - [Incidence of hepatitis B virus markers in prisoners]. PMID- 6224118 TI - [Ambulatory counseling and care of drug addicts. Developments and changes from 1969 - 1981]. PMID- 6224119 TI - Chloride- and bicarbonate-stimulated ATPase activity in bovine lens epithelium. AB - An anion-stimulated, ouabain-insensitive Mg2+ATPase activity has been found in fresh homogenates prepared from capsules and epithelia of bovine lenses. Approximately equal activity was observed in the presence of HCO3- or of Cl-. The stimulation of each anion obeys saturation kinetics, with an optimum at approximately 20 mM Cl- or HCO3-. Whereas SCN- inhibits anion-activated ATPase in most other tissues, it failed to inhibit Cl- - or HCO3--stimulated ATPase activity in the bovine lens. On the contrary, SCN- proved a potent activator of the enzyme. However, in keeping with other tissues, OCN- and the diuretic drugs, furosemide and ethacrynic acid are inhibitory. ATP is the primary substrate for the enzyme, which also shows some activity on GTP, ITP, and even ADP. Little Na+/K+-dependent ATPase activity was observed in the fresh homogenate, but it increased in lyophilized preparations. In contrast, the lyophilized preparations showed no anion-dependent ATPase activity. It is postulated that active bicarbonate ion transport in the lens may be mediated by this anion-dependent ATPase. PMID- 6224120 TI - [Experiences with dehydroepiandrosterone therapy in hereditary angioneurotic edema]. PMID- 6224121 TI - [Association of diabetes mellitus with Friedreich's ataxia]. PMID- 6224122 TI - Myocutaneous flaps. PMID- 6224123 TI - [Apalcillin: in vitro activity compared with that of carbenicillin, ticarcillin, mezlocillin, piperacillin against Enterobacteriaceae and Acinetobacter]. AB - The in vitro activity of apalcillin was compared with that of carbenicillin, ticarcillin, mezlocillin and piperacillin against clinical isolates of Enterobacteriaceae and Acinetobacter. 1 168 strains were tested by a routine disk diffusion method. They were grouped into different patterns of resistance by results to ampicillin, carbenicillin and cephalotin. The MICs were determined for 300 of these strains. Apalcillin, mezlocillin and piperacillin are active against most strains of E. coli, P. mirabilis, Klebsiella and C. diversus resistant to carbenicillin and ticarcillin. Apalcillin is the most active penicillin against Acinetobacter; it is almost as active as piperacillin, the best drug against Enterobacteriaceae. PMID- 6224124 TI - [Value of moxalactam in the treatment of meningitis: efficacy and meningeal diffusion]. AB - 15 bacterial meningitis (Haemophilus: 7, Meningococci: 3, Proteus: 1, Enterobacter: 2, E. coli: 1 and Klebsiella: 1) are treated with moxalactam. The diffusion of moxalactam into the cerebrospinal fluid is good and regular. Excellent clinical results are obtained. PMID- 6224125 TI - [Comparative in vitro effect of 7 quinolones on Ureaplasma urealyticum]. AB - Some new quinolones may be used for the treatment of gonococcal urethritis. U. urealyticum is considered as a potential agent of urethritis. This report describes the in vitro antimicrobial activity of seven quinolones against 45 clinical isolates of U. urealyticum. The MIC's geometric mean is (microgram/ml): rosoxacin (1,74), pefloxacin (4,6), oxolinic acid (9), flumequin (12,12), norfloxacin (15,75), nalidixic acid (27). Pipemidic acid is constantly inactive (greater than 128 micrograms/ml). The results of these susceptibility studies provide support for undertaking clinical evaluations of new quinolones against infections with U. urealyticum. PMID- 6224126 TI - Endocrine aspects of acne. AB - In summary, the diagnostic tools are now available to ascertain whether elevated levels of androgens underlie some cases of acne vulgaris. Awareness of androgen excess as a contributing factor in acne may help to identify patients who would benefit from endocrine evaluation and, possibly, from hormonal therapy. PMID- 6224127 TI - The treatment of acne: a contemporary review. PMID- 6224128 TI - What causes acne? PMID- 6224129 TI - Superficial fungal infections. PMID- 6224130 TI - [Peripheral blood indices in newborn infants in the 1st week of life--children of the indigenous inhabitants of Northern Ossetia]. PMID- 6224131 TI - [Congenital aneurysm of the left atrium in children]. PMID- 6224132 TI - [Organization of special groups in preschool institutions for children with allergic diseases]. PMID- 6224133 TI - [Clinico-epidemiological characteristics of opisthorchiasis in children]. PMID- 6224134 TI - Modifying attitudes toward physically handicapped children. PMID- 6224135 TI - Initiation signals for complementary strand DNA synthesis on single-stranded plasmid DNA. AB - The bacteriophage 0X174 origin for (+) strand DNA synthesis, when inserted in a plasmid, is in vivo a substrate for the initiator A protein, that is produced by infecting phages. The result of this interaction is the packaging of single stranded plasmid DNA into preformed phage coats. These plasmid particles can transduce 0X-sensitive cells; however, the transduction efficiency depends strongly on the presence in the packaged DNA strand of an initiation signal for complementary strand DNA synthesis. A plasmid with the complementary (-) strand origin of 0X inserted in the same strand as the viral (+) origin transduces 50 100 times more efficient than the same plasmid without the (-) origin of 0X. The transduction efficiency of such a particle is comparable to the infection efficiency of the phage particle. It is shown that in this system the 0X (-) origin can be replaced by the complementary strand origins of the bacteriophages G4 and M13. We have used this system to isolate sequences, from E. coli plasmids (pACYC177, CloDF13, miniF and OriC) and from the E. coli chromosome that can function as initiation signals for the conversion of single-stranded plasmid DNA to double-stranded DNA. All isolated origins were found to be dependent for their activity on the dnaB, dnaC and dnaG proteins. We conclude that these signals were all primosome-dependent origins and that primosome priming is the major mechanism for initiation of the lagging strand DNA synthesis in E. coli. The assembly of the primosome depends on the sequence-specific interaction of the n' protein with single-stranded DNA. We have used the isolated sequences to deduce a consensus recognition sequence for the n' protein. The role of a possible secondary structure in this sequence is discussed. PMID- 6224137 TI - Nutrient intake and hormonal status of premenopausal vegetarian Seventh-day Adventists and premenopausal nonvegetarians. AB - The relationship between dietary nutrients and plasma estrone, estradiol-17 beta, estriol, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, and prolactin levels was investigated in 14 premenopausal Seventh-day Adventist vegetarian (SV) women and 9 premenopausal non-Seventh-day Adventist nonvegetarian (NV) women. The SV subjects consumed less fat, especially saturated fat, and used significantly less fried food than the NV subjects. Plasma levels of estrone and estradiol-17 beta in the SV subjects were significantly lower than in the NV subjects. SV estradiol-17 beta and estriol levels were positively correlated with linoleic acid and protein intake, while NV prolactin levels were significantly correlated with intakes of oleic and linoleic acids and total fat. The data suggest that specific dietary nutrients were related to the hormonal milieu of these SV and NV subjects. PMID- 6224136 TI - N4-aminocytidine, a nucleoside analog that has an exceptionally high mutagenic activity. AB - The reaction of cytidine with hydrazine to give N4-aminocytidine was greatly promoted by addition of a less-than-stoichiometric amount of bisulfite, and the product was isolated in a good yield. N4-Aminocytidine was strongly mutagenic to bacteria (Salmonella typhimurium TA100 and TA1535, and E. coli WP2 uvrA) and to phage (phi X174 am3). The activity did not require the presence of mammalian microsomal fraction in the system. The mutagenic potency of N4-aminocytidine in these systems was two orders of magnitude greater than that of N4-amino-2' deoxycytidine, and more than two orders of magnitude greater than that of N4 hydroxycytidine. The greater activity of the riboside than the deoxyriboside was ascribed to the lack of deoxycytidine kinase in these cells. This compound may be useful as a powerful mutagen to induce a transition mutation in microorganisms. PMID- 6224138 TI - Nursing mirror: mental health forum 6: Down's syndrome. PMID- 6224139 TI - Nursing mirror: mental health forum 6: Down's syndrome. One chromosome too many. PMID- 6224141 TI - Mechanism of action of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents. PMID- 6224140 TI - Failure of balloon dilatation in mid-cavity obstruction of the systemic venous atrium after the Mustard operation. AB - Mid-cavity obstruction of the systemic venous atrium developed after the Mustard operation in a child with transposition of the great arteries. Balloon dilatation (BD) was performed twice, to a maximum theoretical transverse diameter of 18 mm. Each time obstruction was initially relieved, but recurred within months. The usefulness of balloon dilatation therapy requires long-term follow-up. Results from currently reported experience do not suggest a major therapeutic role for this procedure in children. PMID- 6224142 TI - [Effector functions of the polynuclear eosinophil]. AB - The effector function of eosinophils is studied in experimental models, emphasizing the prominent role played by antibodies among which IgE, and also the activation of the cytotoxic activity by mast cell-derived ECF. A tetrapeptides. The demonstration of the cytolytic effect of basic proteins present in eosinophil granules allows to clarify this mechanism on a molecular basis. Eosinophil effector function is then envisaged in various clinical situations. In pulmonary eosinophilias, a relation appears between the detection of proteins released by eosinophils and the tissue damage. Eosinophils seem also to be implied in the inflammatory process characteristic of endomyocardial disease or in Crohn's disease. Whereas they were first considered as beneficial cells for the host, the eosinophil granulocytes may therefore express according to the targets, a dual either beneficial or nocious function. PMID- 6224143 TI - [The Low back school. "Adaptation eliminates suffering." (Laotse)]. PMID- 6224144 TI - [Acupuncture--does it contribute anything?]. PMID- 6224145 TI - [Risk of infection in splenectomy]. PMID- 6224146 TI - [Current indications for intravenous numerical angiography in the study of the ilio-femoral axis]. AB - A study of the arterial axis from the aortic bifurcation to the femoral bifurcation was conducted by intravenous digital angiography in 40 patients. In 92.5% of these, opacification and visualization of the arteries were good or excellent. In 12 out of 15 patients the images were judged to be of the same quality as those obtained by conventional arteriography. A limitation of the method is the size of the intensifying screen (23 cm), which only allows exploration of one segment at each injection. This, however, is a minor drawback when this technique is used for control examination after percutaneous angioplasty or to investigate an accident of catheterization. PMID- 6224147 TI - [Return to work after myocardial infarction]. AB - The working status of 41 men under the age of 60, who developed myocardial infarction while in vocational activity was investigated by means of a questionnaire, 3 years on average after the infarction: 63% had resumed work some time after the disease and 59% were working when the enquiry was made. The ability to resume work cannot be predicted from the patient's medical condition at the time of infarction (location of the infarct, complications during the acute stage, left ventricular ejection fraction). The only unfavourable factors are age and the presence of residual angina or marked post-infarction dyspnoea, although most patients who had not resumed work were fit for employment. Clinicians should be fully aware of the occupational future of patients with coronary artery disease--a future that is particularly at stake in this period of economic crisis in industrial countries. PMID- 6224148 TI - [Doppler echographic study of placental circulation of the fetus of normal and hypertensive mothers]. AB - Foetal blood velocity wave forms, as recorded in chorionic vessels by pulsed Doppler ultrasonography, reflect vascular resistance in foetal placental circulation. The minimal-to-maximal velocity ratio provides an index of vascular conductance; the higher the minimal velocity (positive forward diastolic blood flow), the lower the vascular resistance. In the present study, this index was the same in pregnant women with normal blood pressure (n = 19) and in those with pregnancy-induced hypertension (n = 12); however, it was significantly lowered (p less than 0.001) in pregnant women with essential hypertension (n = 9). In the population of women with normal blood pressure and pregnancy-induced hypertension, a positive correlation (r = 0.71), was found between index value and gestational age, indicating a progressive fall in placental vascular resistance. All placentas from these 31 women were histologically normal except two which showed one single marginal infarct less than 1 cm in diameter. In the group of women with essential hypertension, the 6 placentas examined were pathological, with multiple chronic infarcts, placental growth retardation and maceration. Thus, pulsed Doppler ultrasonography should be used for early detection of placental vascular damage and for improved surveillance of pregnancies complicated by maternal vascular diseases. PMID- 6224149 TI - [Thyroid cancer. Prognostic factors]. AB - The outcome of 126 patients with cancer of the thyroid gland was reviewed. Factors affecting prognosis were evaluated and compared with data available in the literature. The two determinant factors were histological type and local extension and metastasis; they correlated closely with age at the time of diagnosis. In this study sex and cervical lymph node involvement were unrelated to survival. PMID- 6224150 TI - [Recurrent cerebral ischaemic attacks in young subjects. Arteriolar dysplasia or early atheroma?]. AB - The case of a 33-year old woman with recurrent cerebral and peripheral ischaemic attacks is reported and the difficult nosological problem of juvenile ischaemia is discussed. Thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger's disease) was excluded by morphological studies of finger tips, temporal artery and dermis, which demonstrated arteriolar dysplasia and premature aging of the connective tissue. A diagnosis of "juvenile atheroma" may be considered in view of the dyslipidaemia and increase in skin cholesterol and apoprotein B concentrations observed. A review of the literature, together with the biochemical and histological findings in this patient, suggests that ischaemic attacks, dysplasia of small vessels and serum dyslipidaemia reflected in the dermis are all manifestations of early atheroma. PMID- 6224151 TI - [Inhibin: its origin, nature and role]. AB - Inhibin is a protein secreted by the Sertoli cells in men and by the granulosa cells in women. It inhibits the synthesis and release of the follicle-stimulating hormone in the pituitary gland and reduces the hypothalamic LH - releasing hormone content. It also inhibits the multiplication of spermatogonias in male gonads and the production of progesterone by the ovaries. Inhibin determinations in biological fluids may help to understand the pathophysiology of puberty, ovulation, menopause and various types of infertility. PMID- 6224152 TI - [Urinary sediment in the immediate period after renal transplantation]. PMID- 6224153 TI - [Cervical spondylodiscitis revealing ankylosing spondylarthritis]. PMID- 6224154 TI - [Hypersensitivity reaction following vaccination against influenza]. PMID- 6224155 TI - [An advance in the exploration of the pituitary gland: the Angioscan]. PMID- 6224156 TI - [Interaction of miconazole and sulfamides with hypoglycemic action]. PMID- 6224157 TI - [Indomethacin and fetal renal function. Reversible oligo-amnion after termination of therapy]. PMID- 6224158 TI - [Rhinothermometry. A simple method for nasal provocation]. PMID- 6224159 TI - [Exploratory laparotomy with splenectomy in the determination of the initial degree of spread of Hodgkin's disease]. PMID- 6224160 TI - [Rhabdomyolysis in alcoholics]. PMID- 6224161 TI - [Aggravating role of sleep hypoxemia in chronic bronchitis and emphysema]. PMID- 6224162 TI - [Ventilatory disorders and sleep anomalies in severe chronic obstructive respiratory insufficiency. Effects of nocturnal oxygen therapy]. AB - The influence of nocturnal oxygen therapy on ventilatory disorders and sleep abnormalities was evaluated in 5 male, non-obese patients with advanced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). All had hypoxia, severe airway obstruction (FEV1 less than 1 l) and pulmonary arterial hypertension at rest; 3 had PaCO2 values above 50 mmHg. Polygraphic recordings were taken throughout the night, the patients breathing either air or oxygen, they included EEG, electromyography of chin muscles, eye movements, O2sat., thoraco-abdominal mechanics and nasal flow. Improvement in the quality of sleep under oxygen was observed in all patients, with an increase from 6.1% (air) to 14.6% (oxygen) in the R.E.M. (Rapid Eye Movement) sleep phase duration to total sleep duration ratio, and an increase from 8 to 12 in the number of episodes of apnoea (arrest of nasal flow greater than 10 sec). Oxygen also had a favourable influence on the number and amplitude of O2 desaturation phases (delta O2sat. greater than 4%) and on the time spent in desaturation, which decreased from 5.12% (air) to 3.7% (oxygen). Correction of the hypoxaemic episodes was partial in those R.E.M. sleep phases when these episodes were most severe and occurred in the absence of apnoea. PMID- 6224163 TI - [The implantable automatic defibrillator. Preventive treatment of sudden death caused by ventricular arrhythmia]. AB - The material and implantation technique of the implantable defibrillator developed by M. Mirowski and used by the authors in 3 patients are described. Through lateral thoracotomy, 4 electrodes are installed, including one patch on the apex of the heart. In case of sustained ventricular arrhythmia the instrument delivers, after less than 30 seconds, a 25 joules shock increased to 30-35 joules if this fails. The results were very encouraging since conversion of severe ventricular arrhythmia was obtained in all 3 patients after the first shock. There was no false detection or inappropriate start. The limitations and indications of the technique are discussed and compared with other treatments of ventricular arrhythmia. PMID- 6224164 TI - [Iatrogenic lesions of the spinal accessory nerve. Microsurgical repair]. AB - Iatrogenic lesions of the spinal accessory nerve were explored and repaired in 10 patients. Symptoms included pain, trapezius muscle atrophy, restricted active abduction and drop shoulder; as they developed after cervical lymph node biopsy, diagnosis was usually easy. Depending on the operative findings, microsurgical repair involved suture, neurolysis or grafts. Clinical and electromyographic results are available from 7 patients followed up for 14 months on average: complete recovery was observed in 3 cases and satisfactory but incomplete recovery in 3; there was one failure. Since these lesions often have severe sequelae, exploration and repair are advocated. PMID- 6224165 TI - [Diabetes and pregnancy]. AB - During the last few years perinatal mortality and neonatal morbidity in children of insulin-dependent diabetic mothers have considerably decreased, mainly because of strict 24-hour control of glycaemia throughout pregnancy and centralized care. Congenital malformations are now emerging as the leading cause of the remaining perinatal mortality and late disabilities; control of the diabetes prior to conception may lessen their frequency. Concerning gestational diabetes, there is lack of agreement on diagnostic criteria: who must be screened? What are the adverse effects on the child? The risk of foetal death is greater when arterial hypertension, prolonged pregnancy or previous stillbirth are associated with carbohydrate intolerance. PMID- 6224166 TI - [Intra-atrial implantation of the mitral valve]. AB - Infectious lesions of the mitral ring sometimes cause so much damage that insertion of the prosthesis in its normal place is impossible. In such cases, artificial valves with a dacron flange can be implanted into the left atrium, just above the mitral ring, and sutured to the atrial wall. These valves are generally used in first or second reoperations for recurrent desinsertion, but they have proved so reliable that their use can be extended to primary mitral valve replacement in cases where extreme calcification of the mitral ring throws considerable doubt on the success of conventional techniques. PMID- 6224167 TI - [Subclinical perihepatitis (Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome) in salpingitis or tubal sterility. Cultures positive for Chlamydia trachomatis in perihepatic adhesions]. PMID- 6224168 TI - [Drug esophagitis induced by Rhinasal]. PMID- 6224169 TI - [Failure of androgen therapy in a flare-up of acute disseminated lupus erythematosus]. PMID- 6224170 TI - [Late positive blood culture in leptospirosis]. PMID- 6224171 TI - [Bifocal spastic angina. Choice of a calcium inhibitor]. PMID- 6224172 TI - [Risks of continuous peritoneal dialysis in patients carrying hepatitis B virus]. PMID- 6224173 TI - [Prevention of postoperative eviscerations and treatment of digestive fistulas by compression. Use of auto-adhesive strips]. PMID- 6224174 TI - [Changes in blood volume during chronic hemodialysis]. PMID- 6224175 TI - [Drug allergy. Value of the human basophil degranulation test?]. PMID- 6224176 TI - [Use of plasma exchange in the treatment of Behcet's disease]. PMID- 6224177 TI - [Is there a physician on board? Assistance by and responsibility of a physician passenger]. PMID- 6224178 TI - [Was Claude Bernard the inventor of the severity index?]. PMID- 6224179 TI - [Use of a severity index in 8 multidisciplinary resuscitation centers]. AB - A universal severity index for acutely ill patients was applied to 794 acute patients treated in eight medical and surgical French intensive care units located in teaching or community hospitals either in Paris or in provincial towns. Measured on the first day in hospital from objective numerical data, the index proved reliable and correlated well with hospital mortality and the sustained therapeutic efforts of the first 24 hours. It could be used in multicentre studies to compare outcomes and evaluate new treatments. PMID- 6224180 TI - [Intraductal papillary adenocarcinoma of the pancreas. Case report and review of the literature]. AB - In 1974, cephalic duodeno-pancreatectomy was performed in a 48-year old patient with papillary adenocarcinoma within the pancreatic duct. The patient is still alive without overt recurrence. The authors emphasize the rarity of such lesions (8 cases published to date), the diagnostic value of retrograde contrast radiography of the main pancreatic duct, the need for wide pancreatectomy, the quality of survival and the possibility of cure. PMID- 6224181 TI - [Venous grafts as arterial substitutes. Immediate and medium-term development]. AB - This study, based on the authors' experiments in dogs and on data from the literature, describes the immediate and mediumterm histological development of autologous vein grafts. Dissection alone results in extensive endothelial cell desquamation, which may be aggravated by distension and preservation of the graft in an inappropriate medium. Immediately after re-establishment of the arterial blood flow the inner surface of the graft is covered by a fibrinoerythrocytic membrane. Endothelialization begins 10-15 days later but remains incomplete in dogs after 9 months; it is not limited to the suture lines but proceeds by islets disseminated over the surface. As early as the 15th post-operative day, a myo intimal layer of myofibroblastic cells develops; the origin and control of these cells are still unknown. A better knowledge of the histological development of vein grafts and underlying mechanisms appears to be essential to improvements in surgical procedures and subsequent long-term functional performance of the grafts. PMID- 6224182 TI - [Reinforcement cerclage of dystrophic aortic rings]. AB - Reinforcement of a dystrophic aortic ring with a purse string suture makes it possible to obtain perfect coaptation between prosthesis and ring whilst inducing sclerosis. The technique described here was used by the authors in 30 patients operated upon since June, 1980, and none of these needed reoperation for leakage. These results contrast most favourably with those previously obtained in similar anatomical conditions with conventional prosthesis insertion. PMID- 6224183 TI - [Sphenoid sinusitis. Diagnosis through neurologic and ocular manifestations]. PMID- 6224184 TI - [Viper bites. Myth or reality]. PMID- 6224185 TI - [Simulium bites in France]. PMID- 6224186 TI - [Post-micturition bladder residue in diabetics. Comparison of abdominal findings without preparation and bladder echography]. PMID- 6224187 TI - [Delayed frontal hematoma induced by mannitol]. PMID- 6224188 TI - [Spontaneous rupture of the spleen in staphylococcal septicemia]. PMID- 6224189 TI - [T lymphocyte sub-population in Basedow's disease]. PMID- 6224190 TI - [Surgery of pheochromocytoma. Prevention of hypertensive attacks by intravenous nicergoline]. PMID- 6224191 TI - [Acute pancreatitis caused by duodenal polyps]. PMID- 6224192 TI - [Declamping acidosis in controlled surgery of the abdominal aorta]. PMID- 6224194 TI - [Test of differential anti-T and anti-B lymphocyte compatibility in renal transplantation. A partial solution to the problem of hyperimmune patients]. AB - In view of their beneficial effect on the functional survival of transplanted kidneys, pretransplantation blood transfusions of haemodialysed patients have become routine procedure. At the same time, the number of hyperimmune patients awaiting transplantation has been increasing, as these are often excluded on account of positive cross-match. Cross-matching is usually done by testing recipients' sera against total donor's lymphocytes, so that positive cross-match due to specific anti-T cell cytotoxic antibodies cannot be differentiated from that due to anti-B cell antibodies. Differential anti-T cell and anti-B cell cross-matching showed no significant difference between the survival of 34 transplants with B cell-positive cross-match and that of 126 transplants with B cell-negative cross-match (67% and 60% respectively at 12 months). It also showed that anti-B cell antibodies had no adverse effect on the survival of transplants. The presence of antibodies or auto-antibodies with optimal cytotoxicity at 4 degrees C did not appear to correlate with a significantly longer transplant survival as compared to other transplanted patients. Finally, a high degree of a anti-T cell immunization or a strongly positive B cell cross-match on transplantation day did not seem to jeopardize transplant survival in a B-cell positive cross-match population of transplanted patients. The differential cross matching method has made it possible to successfully transplant a substantial number of hyperimmune patients: at least 62% of patients with B cell-positive cross-match also had positive total lymphocyte cross-match which would have precluded renal transplantation. PMID- 6224193 TI - [Crossmatching before renal transplantation. Development of a dogma]. PMID- 6224196 TI - [Contraception in diabetic women]. AB - The choice of a contraceptive method for diabetic women must take into account metabolic and vascular risks. Combined oestrogen-progestogen contraception is not contra-indicated in insulin-dependent diabetes but requires close supervision. Progestogens alone for nulliparous women and mechanical devices for multiparous women appear to be preferable. Oral contraceptives have a more limited use in insulin-independent overt or chemical diabetes. In such patients combined oestrogen-progestogen contraception is absolutely contra-indicated and progestogens should be given under strict metabolic monitoring. The potential risks incurred by these women already liable to vascular and metabolic complications make male contraception even more desirable. PMID- 6224195 TI - [Value of the analysis of lipoproteins after myocardial infarction]. AB - Lipid and apoprotein constituents of plasma lipoproteins were determined in survivors of myocardial infarction in relation to a control population. Compared to controls, the patients had significantly higher concentrations of total triglycerides, VLDL + LDL - cholesterol and apo-B, but lower concentrations of HLD-cholesterol, HDL2-cholesterol, HDL3-cholesterol, apo A-I and A-II. Survivors with normal lipaemia also had perturbations in HDL and subfractions (HDL2 and HDL3). In addition, the patients exhibited a significant decrease in HDL cholesterol to VLDL + LDL-cholesterol ratio and in apo A-I to apo-B ratio. These results demonstrate the importance of determining all lipoproteins in future biological studies to evaluate more precisely the relationship between these compounds and atherosclerosis. PMID- 6224198 TI - [Complement fractions. Uncertainties concerning repeated measurements]. PMID- 6224197 TI - [Budd-Chiari syndrome. Treatment by meso-atrial shunt]. AB - Tight stenosis or obstruction of the inferior vena cava complicates the treatment of chronic Budd-Chiari syndrome. A possible therapeutic measure is to establish an artificial shunt between the superior mesenteric vein and the right atrium. Shunting is facilitated by using a long, ringed P.T.F.E. (Goretex) prosthesis. PMID- 6224199 TI - [Measurement of basal energy expenditure in patients with severe head injury under barbiturate sedation]. PMID- 6224200 TI - [Streptococcus suis meningitis. An occupational disease]. PMID- 6224201 TI - [Infected cutaneous wounds and losses of substance. Local treatment with noxythiolin]. PMID- 6224202 TI - [Parietal extension of diffuse malignant pleural mesothelioma after biopsy. Prevention by local radiotherapy]. PMID- 6224203 TI - [Yersinia pseudotuberculosis acute pericarditis]. PMID- 6224204 TI - [Serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D in the chronic alcoholic]. PMID- 6224205 TI - [The amiodarone lung. Preliminary immunologic data]. PMID- 6224206 TI - [Echography or biligraphy, for what reason?]. PMID- 6224207 TI - [Plasma fibronectin and the adult respiratory distress syndrome]. PMID- 6224208 TI - [Improvement of the antituberculosis services in the Tadzhik SSR]. PMID- 6224209 TI - Non-HLA immunological factors in eighteen HLA-identical renal allografts. PMID- 6224210 TI - The influence of blood transfusions on lymphocyte reactivity in man. AB - The effect of planned blood transfusion (BT) on lymphocyte reactivity in previously non-transfused uraemic patients has been investigated. A sustained and non-specific decrease in MLR was observed in approximately 60 per cent of the cases. Other patients had only a transient decrease, normal or increased response. Lymphocyte suspensions whose proliferation was reduced after BT suppressed the response of autologous cells taken before BT. Neither pre-BT degree of immune responsiveness nor clinical status of the patients had any influence on this phenomenon. PMID- 6224211 TI - Suppressor factor in plasma of aminophylline treated renal transplanted patients. AB - Eleven of 15 patients with a first acute rejection episode following cadaveric renal transplantation resumed adequate graft function and increased peripheral blood suppressor T-lymphocyte activity following treatment with 'pulse' methylprednisolone and aminophylline (1000mg orally daily for 14 days). Four of 11 patients treated with 'pulse' methylprednisolone alone resumed adequate graft function, but only two of these had elevated peripheral blood suppressor T lymphocyte function. Nine of the 11 responding patients exhibited plasma suppressor activity to xenogenic graft versus host reaction but such activity was not observed in the plasma of any of the 11 patients who received methylprednisolone alone. PMID- 6224212 TI - Improvement of cadaveric renal allograft survival by thoracic duct drainage: relation with T-lymphocyte subset modifications assessed by flow-cytometry. AB - Thoracic duct drainage (TDD) with reinfusion of cell-free lymph was performed in 118 prospective recipients within four months before transplantation. TDD was unsuccessful in 27 patients (A); it yielded 1-19 X 10(9) lymphocytes in 25 cases (B) and 20-185 X -10(9) in 66 cases (C). The incidence of acute rejection episodes and the requirement for early post-transplant dialysis were lower in C than in A. Six patients were studied for T-lymphocyte subsets, using monoclonal antibodies from OKT series and a monomorphic and HLA-DR (BL2) raised in our laboratory. During TDD peripheral blood lymphocyte (PBL) counts decreased and the percentage of BL2 cells increased. Simultaneously, typical small PBL were replaced by large less differentiated cells slightly labelled by OKT3, some of them bearing both OKT4 and OKT8 markers. The larger the depletion, the earlier the emergence of immature T-cells. In lymph fluid, lymphocyte counts decreased later than in blood, the proportion of T8+ cells lacking Fc receptors increased with time. Changes in B patients were less than in C. These results support the hypothesis that T-cell subset modifications represent the main immunological change accounting for better allograft prognosis. PMID- 6224213 TI - T-lymphocyte subsets in primary and secondary glomerulonephritis. AB - T-lymphocyte subsets, using the monoclonal antibodies OKT3 (peripheral T-cells), OKT4 (helper/inducer T-cells) and OKT8 (suppressor/cytotoxic T-cells) were measured in peripheral blood from 110 patients with various forms of primary and secondary glomerulonephritis (GN) (Berger's disease, membranous GN, focal glomerulosclerosis, membranoproliferative GN, lupus nephritis and mixed essential cryoglobulinaemia with GN). We have found a significantly higher OKT4+/OKT8+ ratio in patients with Berger's disease and membranous GN and a rather low OKT4+/OKT8+ ratio in patients with lupus nephritis and mixed essential cryoglobulinaemia, due to a significant decrease in OKT4+ cells. Our results suggest an imbalance in immunoregulatory mechanisms in some forms of GN. PMID- 6224214 TI - Abnormalities of immune regulation in patients with IgA mesangial glomerulonephritis (Berger's disease). AB - Regulation of the immune response was studied in 22 patients with IgA nephropathy. A significant increase in the IgA production by Pokeweed-stimulated peripheral mononuclear cells maintained in culture for seven days was observed. These patients had significantly less IgA suppressor cell activity, as assessed by the Concanavalin A-generated suppressor cell assay, than the normal controls. The fact that most of the patients studied had increased activity of helper T cells on IgA synthesis, together with an augmentation in the percentage of OKT4+ cells, suggest that the abnormalities in helper T cell function might be the primary defect in this nephropathy. The existence of similar alterations in some of the healthy relatives of the patients further supports a genetic basis for susceptibility to this disease. PMID- 6224215 TI - T-suppressor cell abnormalities in type I membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis. AB - Twelve patients with type I membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN) have been studied. All had normal renal function, none a nephrotic syndrome, and none was on therapy. In 7/12 serum C3 and/or C4 were low. T cell subsets were analysed with OKT monoclonal antibodies and Ts function (TsF) was studied by the Concanavalin-A Enhancement test (Con-A E) and with a new assay where native OKT8+ cell function only is explored (OKT8-DEP PWM test). OKT4/OKT8 ratio was lower than controls (p less than 0.025). TsF, as studied by the Con-A E was unchanged, while OKT8-DEP PWM test showed a marked decrease (p less than 0.005). Hypocomplementaemic patients (H), as compared with normo-complementaemic patients (N), had lower OKT4/OKT8 ratio (p less than 0.01) while TsF was unchanged in both groups. These results are consistent with a functional defect of Ts activity in type I MPGN. Increased OKT8+ cells may be a compensatory response, and hypocomplementaemia may be a marker of this defect. PMID- 6224216 TI - Renovascular hypertension: easier diagnosis and treatment with intravenous renal arteriography and percutaneous transluminal dilatation. AB - For the diagnosis of renovascular disease, the authors propose the use of intravenous arteriography with photographic subtraction as the method of choice and advise the use of pyelogram wash-out to assess the functional significance of the stenosis. Furthermore they report their experience with percutaneous transluminal dilatation in 41 patients (10 fibrotic--31 atherosclerotic renal artery stenoses) and suggest that this method is valid alternative to surgery specially in poor risk patients. A controlled trial of this method versus surgery needs however to be undertaken to define the respective roles of these treatments. PMID- 6224217 TI - In vitro synthesis of bacteriophage phi X174 by purified components. AB - An in vitro system capable of synthesizing infectious phi X174 phage particles was reconstituted from purified components. The synthesis required phi X174 supercoiled replicative form DNA, phi X174-encoded proteins A, C, J, and prohead, Escherichia coli DNA polymerase III holoenzyme, rep protein, and deoxyuridinetriphosphatase (dUTPase, dUTP nucleotidohydrolase, EC 3.6.1.23) as well as MgCl2, four deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates, and ATP. Phage production was coupled to the synthesis of viral single-stranded DNA. More than 70% of the synthesized particles sedimented at the position of mature phage in a sucrose gradient and associated with the infectivity. The simple requirement of the host proteins suggests that the mechanism of viral strand synthesis in the phage synthesizing reaction resembles that of viral strand synthesis during the replication of replicative form DNA. PMID- 6224218 TI - Identification of homo-oligomers as potential intermediates in acetylcholine receptor subunit assembly. AB - We have examined the sedimentation behavior, on sucrose density gradients, of acetylcholine receptor (AcChoR) subunits synthesized in vitro and integrated into heterologous rough microsomal membranes. In media containing nondenaturing detergents such as Triton X-100 or deoxycholate, the subunits appear to self associate although, as previously reported, no heterologous interactions were detected. The sedimentation profiles assume a broad distribution in the region of 7-13 S. However, the peak fractions occupy the same region of the gradient as does native AcChoR, run in parallel. Such large homo-oligomers were not observed for another membrane protein, opsin, studied in the same way. This indicated that the associations are indeed between the AcChoR subunits and not simply between all newly synthesized membrane proteins. The homologous associations are interpreted to suggest a mechanism for maintaining the ionophore surfaces of the subunits in an energetically preferred, but metastable, configuration during the lengthy period of post-translational assembly. PMID- 6224219 TI - (Dichloromethylene)diphosphonate-induced impairment of T-lymphocyte function. AB - The daily subcutaneous administration of (dichloromethylene)diphosphonate (clodronate) to 3-day-old normal inbred Wistar-Furth rats for 30 days produces osteopetrotic bone lesions resembling those of the osteopetrotic mutants. Furthermore, tooth eruption is prevented, growth slows down, and signs of runt disease appear. The weight of the thymus is decreased, and T cells from the thymus and spleen respond weakly to mitogens. These thymic disorders associated with defective bone resorption are very similar to those previously reported in the osteopetrotic mutant op rat and support the hypothesis of a link between the thymus and normal bone modeling and remodeling. PMID- 6224221 TI - Haematoporphyrin-derivative fluorescence in vitro and in an animal tumour. AB - Experiments are presented on the presented on the fluorescent properties of haematoporphyrin-derivative (HPD) in vitro and in an animal tumour. The experiments show that, firstly, an argon laser can be used as an effective excitation source and, secondly, that the in vivo fluorescence spectrum is different from that in vitro. PMID- 6224220 TI - Importance of secondary structure in the signal sequence for protein secretion. AB - Mutant Escherichia coli strains in which export of the LamB protein (coded for by the lamB gene) to the outer membrane of the cell is prevented have been described previously. One of these mutant strains contains a small (12-base pair) deletion mutation within the region of the lamB gene that codes for the NH2-terminal signal sequence. In this mutant strain, export but not synthesis of the LamB protein is blocked. We have isolated pseudorevertants that restore export of functional LamB protein to the outer membrane. DNA sequence analysis showed that two of the revertants contain a point mutation in addition to the original deletion. These point mutations lead to amino acid substitutions within the signal sequence. Our results indicate that these secondary mutations efficiently suppress the export defect caused by the deletion mutation. Analysis of the secondary structure of the wild-type, mutant, and pseudorevertant LamB signal sequences suggests that the secondary mutations restore export by allowing the formation of a stable alpha-helical conformation in the central, hydrophobic region of the signal sequence. PMID- 6224222 TI - A modelling approach to the detection of subcutaneous tumours by haematoporphyrin derivative fluorescence. AB - The possibility of subcutaneous tumour detection by haematoporphyrin-derivative (HPD) and light has been studied by calculations on a model. The tumour model consists of a skin layer and a (subcutaneous) tumour layer. The Kubelka-Munk theory has been applied to estimate the HPD fluorescence intensities from the two layers. Literature values have been used for the optical parameters of the tissues. The results are that the depth at which a subcutaneous tumour can be detected is almost independent of the excitation wavelength and the tumour thickness. Only superficial tumours (less than 2.3 mm subcutaneously) can be detected as HPD fluorescence from the overlying skin tends to become more intense than from the tumour. PMID- 6224223 TI - Photosensitized lysis of liposomes by hematoporphyrin derivative. PMID- 6224224 TI - The prevention and repair of large abdominal-wall defects by muscle transposition: a preliminary communication. AB - Abdominal-wall defects, whether occurring as perioperative or postoperative phenomena, have been variously managed. Where the defect cannot be repaired by the use of the patient's own tissues, synthetic material is commonly utilized. Where both the preceding are unsuccessful, closure by means of muscles transferred from the thigh should be considered. Muscles have distinct advantages over fascial grafts or synthetic materials: they are dynamic structures that are effective in controlling herniae, may relieve symptoms in the case of symptomatic scoliosis resulting from the muscle loss, and may improve bowel action by improving expulsive abdominal efforts. Preliminary experience with for patients is presented, together with details of the operative technique. Since this report was submitted, a fifth patient suffering from a congenital "prune belly" syndrome has been treated. PMID- 6224225 TI - Rectus abdominis flaps. PMID- 6224226 TI - The heart in hypertension. PMID- 6224227 TI - Renovascular hypertension. Detection, evaluation, and management. PMID- 6224229 TI - Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. PMID- 6224228 TI - [Synthetic filling materials in posterior teeth. A 5-year clinical study with Isocap and three different conventional composites (I)]. PMID- 6224230 TI - Tarsal navicular stress fractures: radiographic evaluation. AB - Tarsal navicular stress fractures are a potential source of disabling foot pain in physically active individuals. The diagnosis of tarsal navicular stress fracture requires a high index of clinical and radiographic suspicion because the fracture is only rarely evident on routine radiographs or standard tomograms. The radiographic diagnosis of a tarsal navicular stress fracture may require anatomic anteroposterior tomograms or a radionuclide bone scan with plantar views. Radiographic examinations of 23 fractures in 21 patients are evaluated. PMID- 6224231 TI - [Work and health: care of the back]. PMID- 6224232 TI - [Cleanliness and conservation of endoscopic instruments]. PMID- 6224233 TI - [Relation between primary hyperparathyroidism and renal lithiasis]. PMID- 6224234 TI - [Incidence of chest injury with visceral involvement in patients with multiple injuries]. PMID- 6224235 TI - [Reflections on a simple surgical operation - appendectomy]. PMID- 6224236 TI - [Postoperative peritonitis]. PMID- 6224237 TI - [Our method of dealing with hot thyroid nodules]. PMID- 6224238 TI - [Malignant melanoma with a rare visceral localization]. PMID- 6224239 TI - [Duodenal schwannoma on a mobile duodenum as the source of upper digestive hemorrhage]. PMID- 6224240 TI - [Considerations on a case of hermaphroditism]. PMID- 6224241 TI - [Prolonging the duration of peridural anesthesia with xyline by the addition of morphine]. PMID- 6224242 TI - [Clinical and experimental data on conduction anesthesia and analgesia with pethidine]. PMID- 6224243 TI - [Primary hyperparathyroidism. Diagnostic and therapeutic difficulties]. PMID- 6224244 TI - [Lasers in ophthalmology. Perspectives on their supply and use in Romania]. PMID- 6224245 TI - [Perinatal morbidity in the Cluj-Napoca Ophthalmology Clinic]. PMID- 6224246 TI - [The periphery of the fundus oculi and eye injuries]. PMID- 6224247 TI - [Changes in intraocular pressure under conditions of hypobaric hypoxia in flight personnel]. PMID- 6224248 TI - [Floating opacities in the vitreous body]. PMID- 6224249 TI - [Experience of the Ophthalmology Department of the Oradea Hospital with dacryocystorhinostomy. Method and late results]. PMID- 6224250 TI - [Pleoptic treatment of amblyopia in concomitant strabismus. Experience of the Cluj-Napoca Ophthalmology Clinic]. PMID- 6224251 TI - [Ischemia of the optic papilla; considerations on 35 cases]. PMID- 6224252 TI - [Factors most frequently encountered in the etiology of allergic diseases of the anterior pole of the eye]. PMID- 6224253 TI - [Considerations on a case of edematous optic neuropathy of a diabetic nature]. PMID- 6224255 TI - [Inflammations of the periphery of the fundus oculi (report of 3 cases)]. PMID- 6224254 TI - [Annular chorioretinal dystrophy]. PMID- 6224256 TI - [Phakolytic glaucoma. Considerations on 43 cases]. PMID- 6224257 TI - [Acquired toxoplasmosis in the adult (reference to a case)]. PMID- 6224258 TI - [Otosclerosis in the elderly and its treatment]. PMID- 6224259 TI - [Procedure for reconstruction of the attic way]. PMID- 6224260 TI - [Considerations on the treatment of chronic suppurated otitis media in students of the Bucharest University Center]. PMID- 6224261 TI - [Iontophoresis of the middle ear in chronic auricular suppuration with wide-open eardrum]. PMID- 6224262 TI - [Joint experience of the Timisoara ORL Clinic and the Neurosurgery Section in intracranial complications of otomastoiditis (1955-1981)]. PMID- 6224263 TI - [Functional disorders of the pharyngo-esophageal junction and cricopharyngeal myotomy in elderly patients]. PMID- 6224264 TI - [Major accidents in general anesthesia in elective and emergency surgery]. PMID- 6224265 TI - [Myringoplasty with a fresh blood film]. PMID- 6224266 TI - [Sudden laryngeal ictus as a dramatic manifestation of a giant laryngeal papilloma]. PMID- 6224267 TI - [An unusual case of benign nasopharyngeal tumor]. PMID- 6224268 TI - [Unusual injury caused by a laryngotracheal foreign body]. PMID- 6224269 TI - [Replacement of the anterior cruciate ligament by carbon fibers. An experimental study]. AB - The authors have excised the anterior cruciate ligament in 14 sheep and replaced it by carbon fibres. The animals were sacrificed after 12 to 18 months. Eight had a satisfactory new ligament without any evidence of arthrosis and with stability of the knee. In 2 cases, there was moderate instability and arthrosis associated with a lax ligament and in 3 cases the new ligament had ruptured with severe instability and arthrosis. Microscopic examination shows a satisfactory acceptance of the carbon filament both inside the bone as well as in the joint. There was no difference between cases repaired immediately or 6 months after excision of the ligament. A study of aortic lymph nodes showed the presence of carbon particles. The rupturing strength of the new ligaments and of normal ligaments were similar. The visco-elasticity of the new ligaments was also studied and was found to be satisfactory. It was considered that the use of carbon fibre may be valuable but more studies should be done to improve the elasticity and to decrease the migration of carbon material. PMID- 6224270 TI - [Extemporaneous femoral lengthening by the Cauchoix technic in children and adolescents]. AB - One hundred and thirty-eight femoral lengthening operations have been performed in 133 children. The etiology of the shortening was poliomyelitis in 71, infection in 20 and congenital abnormalities in 28. The femur was lengthened in one operative stage by step-cut osteotomy, immediate traction and plate fixation. The mean gain was 35 mm with a maximum of 55 mm. The range of knee movement was unaffected except in 6 cases. Infection occurred in 2 patients without prejudicing the final result. Bony union was obtained in all cases, bone grafting being necessary only once. One permanent sciatic palsy was seen. Thirteen fractures occurred in 9 femurs. Two occurred during operation with loss of lengthening in one case. Eleven occurred post-operatively at the site of osteotomy. One case fractured on 3 occasions. Two cases fractured in another portion of the femur. The complications became fewer with experience and with more accurate technique and it is concluded that the method is safer than progressive lengthening at least in moderate limb length discrepancy. PMID- 6224271 TI - [Growth in scoliotics]. AB - The growth of a group of 151 French children suffering from scoliosis were studied and compared with the growth of similar children in Sweden and Germany. The aim was to establish whether or not French children had an acceleration of growth before and during the first phase of puberty as occurs in Germans and Swedes. It was demonstrated that the scoliotic group were significantly taller than a group of normal children. The excess of height was temporary in the upper segments of the trunk and seem to be related to an accelerated maturation but it was permanent in the lower segments of the trunk and seem to be related to a genetic causation. The pathology of this discussed. PMID- 6224272 TI - [Role and indications for surgery in Duchenne de Boulogne muscular dystrophy with rapid development]. AB - One hundred and fifteen children suffering from muscular dystrophy had been treated surgically during the previous 12 years. The aim of the treatment was to slow the progression of development of spine deformity and obtain a prolongation of walking and standing ability. The indications for surgery were in relation to trauma in 17 cases or for progressive lower limb or spine deformity. In walking patients (21 cases) surgery was indicated only for contractures limiting walking ability. Surgery was also indicated in 35 cases soon after walking capability had ceased. In these cases correction of deformity allowed children to walk again with calipers for an average of 3 years. In 37 cases surgery was performed only to allow standing or to prevent or delay the development of spinal deformity. The indications for extensive spine fusion are discussed in relation to the speed of development of deformity, the pulmonary vital capacity, the dynamometric estimation of muscle strength, and the estimated duration of survival. Human, family and ethical factors are discussed. PMID- 6224273 TI - [Fractures of the tuberculum intercondyloideum laterale in children]. AB - Thirty-one fractures of the tibial spine in children have been treated, two of them being old fractures. They were reviewed after a minimum follow-up of six months and a maximum of seven years. Ten were treated conservatively, 21 operatively. The mechanism is discussed. The trauma is described as either a posterior displacement of the femoral condyle or rotation and abduction of the leg with the knee flexed. The importance of testing stability under general anaesthesia is stressed. Sixteen cases had an anterior drawer sign. The medical meniscus was only injured in one case. The indications for treatment are: Conservative treatment should be given in fractures without displacement and without instability. All other types should be treated surgically with fixation of the anterior cruciate ligament made through a tunnel in the tibia. Whichever type of treatment is used, the length of immobilisation in plaster should not exceed 30 days. Twenty-seven cases were available for study. Twenty-three had excellent results, three good results and one poor result. PMID- 6224274 TI - [Carpal tunnel syndrome in chronic hemodialysis patients. An etiopathogenetic approach. Apropos of 31 surgically-treated cases]. AB - Thirty-one carpal tunnel syndromes were seen in 20 patients treated by haemodialysis for renal failure. At the time of operation, the duration of the haemodialysis was an average of 9 years. On 24 occasions, the syndrome existed in the limb of the arterio venous fistula but on 7 occasions it only appeared in the opposite limb. The syndrome is characterised by the development of, or the worsening of paraesthesiae during haemodialysis sessions. The degree and duration of the numbness in the fingers in the morning was particularly striking. At surgery, the nerve was always obviously narrowed. It was noted in 21 cases that there were greyish granulation in the synovium and sometimes intra tendinous nodules. All the operated cases improved. The pathogenesis is discussed in relation to amyloid deposits. The haemodynamic role of the fistula seems to be to make the development of the lesion more likely. Microscopic examination and biochemical studies give rise to the conclusion that this is an AL type of amyloidosis. PMID- 6224275 TI - [Plaster of Paris pellets containing antibiotics in the treatment of bone infection. New combinations of plaster with antibiotics]. AB - The author has tested the action of antibiotic-loaded plaster of Paris loaded pellets in 15 patients with success in 13. Previous studies using plaster of Paris for filling bone defects are noted, plaster being well tolerated and absorbable. Gentamycin, Fucidin and Cefazolin were tested first. In a second series, Netilmicin, Amikacin, Rifamycin and Rifampicin were also used. The preparation of the pellets is fully described. In most instances they can be sterilized by gamma rays except for Fucidin and Cefazolin. Several hundred pellets can be used simultaneously. A study of the elimination of antibiotic in the urine was made. It was concluded that the concentrations obtained by this method in the tissues were highly satisfactory. PMID- 6224276 TI - [Transepiphyseal lengthening of the tibia. Apropos of a case]. AB - Most tibial lengthenings are undertaken at the level of the diaphysis but in some cases this cannot be done and the lengthening can be made at upper epiphyseal level. The technique involves the application of pins in the upper epiphysis and diaphysis fixed by a Hoffman external fixator adapted for progressive distraction. The technique was used in a child of 13 years with 9 cm of shortening and an expected shortening of 13 cm at the end growth. The method has obtained the progressive lengthening of 11 cm and bony union without grafting. PMID- 6224277 TI - [Coccygodynia: treatment by selective neurolytic block]. PMID- 6224278 TI - [The pneumonologist and the occupational physician in relation to immuno allergologic risks in the occupational environment]. AB - The author reviews recent ideas on allergic occupational respiratory disorders which clearly define the severity and the possibility of a cure, thanks to early diagnosis. The diversity of specific and non-specific causes of occupational asthma and the need for research into new causes of pulmonary granulomas are emphasized. The basis for industrial compensation and medico-social prevention are recalled. The author finally looks to the future for a detailed epidemiological study in matters relating to allergic occupational respiratory diseases. PMID- 6224279 TI - [Principles of immunoregulation in normal and pathological states]. PMID- 6224280 TI - Bilateral ventricular hypertrophy in rats exposed to acute or chronic hypobaric hypoxia. AB - Development of bilateral ventricular hypertrophy in animals exposed to sustained hypoxia is demonstrated. Female Sprague-Dawley rats (180-200 g) were subjected to acute (0.40 atm/24 h) or chronic intermittent (0.40 atm/18 h/day/7days) hypobaric hypoxia. Control animals were maintained at room pressure. The changes in ventricular mass (right ventricle and left ventricle including the septum) were evaluated on the basis of the dry weight values immediately at the end of hypoxic stimulus. Data show that both acute and chronic hypobaric hypoxia allow rate to develop a significantly degree of hypertrophy in the left as well as in the right ventricle. The factors involved in the genesis of the left ventricular hypertrophy in hypoxic conditions are presented. PMID- 6224281 TI - [Current advances in the diagnostic and therapeutic approach to neurosurgical lumbosciatica]. PMID- 6224282 TI - [Percelioscopic tubal sterilization using Yoon's ring: apropos of 430 cases]. PMID- 6224283 TI - [Estimation of platelet-bound IgG by means of a test using radioactive antiglobulin]. AB - A method of evaluation of platelet bound IgG (PA IgG) is described. This method rely upon the fixation of a radio-labelled goat anti-human IgG on platelets. Each new batch of labelling of the antiglobulin is tested with a reference system using a semi-purified anti-D IgG and O R1R1 and O rr erythrocytes. This system is used for the standardization and the validation of the antiglobulin, and it allows to make correspond an amount of antiglobulin to a known quantity of IgG molecules. The normal level of PA IgG in 98 healthy controls was found to be 351 +/- 252 antiglobulin combining sites (ACS) per platelet. The upper limit (99% confident limit) in the controls is 999 ACS per platelet. 412 thrombocytopenic patients have been tested, 78.7% of ITP had an elevated PA IgG. However positive results are also frequent in other thrombocytopenia even when an immune mechanism cannot be evoked. These positive results raise the problem of the signification of PA IgG and of their exact nature. Further dates are necessary to ascertain the role of auto-antibodies, immune complexes or of platelet membrane modifications in PA IgG increase. PMID- 6224284 TI - [Possible atypical case of Huntington's disease]. PMID- 6224285 TI - [Intravenous digital subtraction angiography following surgical vascular interventions and percutaneous transluminal angioplasty]. AB - I.V.D.S.A. was performed as a follow-up after a surgical vascular procedure or a percutaneous transluminal angioplasty in 157 patients. The quality of the intravenous angiography was excellent in 91% of the patients. In 6,6% the examination was sub-optimal with possible error and in 2.4% the examination was not diagnostic. The inherent limitations of the technique are less important in these follow-up examinations because a limited region only has to be examined. A more accurate follow-up of vascular procedures is possible with I.V.D.S.A. PMID- 6224286 TI - [Incidence of gastroschisis and omphalocele in Spain]. PMID- 6224287 TI - Effect of seven inhibitors on invertases in homogenates of human dental plaque. AB - Seven known alpha-glucosidase/beta-fructosidase inhibitors were examined for inhibitory effect against invertases in pooled human dental plaque. The inhibitors used were acarbose, Trestatin, nojirimycin, 1-deoxynojirimycin, glucono-delta-lactam, conduritol-B-epoxide, and Hoe 467A. Plaque homogenates were incubated with 14C-labelled sucrose and invertase activity was assayed by determination of radio-labelled monosaccharide after paper chromatography. Conduritol-B-epoxide, acarbose, and Trestatin reduced the invertase activity an average of 62%, 51%, and 35% respectively. The other inhibitors affected the enzyme activity negligibly. By combining conduritol-B-epoxide with acarbose or Trestatin in other plaque homogenates the inhibition of invertases increased from 35% to 61%. This observation supported the concept that the invertases in dental plaque consist of both alpha-glucosidases and beta-fructosidases. PMID- 6224288 TI - Identification of IgA, IgG, lysozyme, albumin, alpha-amylase and glucosyltransferase in the protein layer adsorbed to hydroxyapatite from whole saliva. AB - IgA, IgG, albumin, lysozyme, alpha-amylase and glucosyltransferase were identified in the saliva coat which forms on hydroxyapatite exposed to whole saliva. It is suggested that these proteins may be involved in binding microorganisms to saliva coated hydroxyapatite in model studies. PMID- 6224289 TI - Immunological studies of PK and PFK deficiencies induced by chemotherapy. AB - Pyruvate kinase (PK) and phosphofructokinase (PFK) erythrocyte deficiencies induced by chemotherapy were studied in 6 patients. From immunological tests it may be assumed that the PK and PFK deficiencies were due to different direct mechanisms: a disturbance of the synthesis of one of the PFK subunit; mutation(s) in the structural gene of PK which result in the synthesis of mutant proteins. Several molecular mechanisms are probably at the origin of all the disturbances induced by chemotherapy in the red blood cells. The study of these alterations which mimic those detected in preleukaemic and leukaemic states, provides information on the molecular events in the possible production of chemo-induced cancers. PMID- 6224290 TI - In vitro production of granular T cells and mast cells by use of different conditioned media. Ultrastructural and functional analysis. AB - Normal mouse spleen cells were cultured in different conditioned media (CM). Mixed lymphocyte culture supernatant (MLC SN) was shown to promote the proliferation of cytotoxic, Thy-1+, Lyt-1+, Lyt-2+, asialo-GM-1+, weakly adherent cells with numerous vacuoles and lysosome-like cytoplasmic granules. In contrast, the Con A SN induced the proliferation of non-cytotoxic, Thy-1-, Lyt-1-, Lyt-2-, asialo-GM-1-, non-adherent cells with numerous cytoplasmic granules. The ultrastructural morphology of these cells and the cytochemical characteristics of their granules enable us to identify them as mast cells. The different effects of both CM could be related to their T-cell growth factor (TCGF) content. When the amount of TCGF of these two CM was determined (by assaying growth-stimulating activity for T-cell colonies), it appeared that the MLC SN contained larger amounts of TCGF than the Con A SN used in these experiments. PMID- 6224291 TI - Dissociation of soluble antigen-antibody complexes by rheumatoid factor IgM. AB - Intact rheumatoid factor (RF)-active IgM dissociated soluble antigen-antibody complexes formed in the antigen excess zone, whereas trypsin-digested protein had less effect. The dissociation mechanism involved an interaction between the RF IgM and the Fc gamma of antibodies in the complexes. RF-active IgM had no demonstrable effect on antigen-antibody complexes when the antigen or the antibody had been immobilized. This was true irrespective of whether the experiments were performed in the antigen or in the antibody excess zone and despite binding between RF IgM and the immobilized proteins. PMID- 6224292 TI - Functional relationship of human T lymphocytes, monocytes and interleukins. II. Helper requirements for phytohaemagglutinin-induced proliferation of human T lymphocyte colony-forming cells. AB - The different requirements of human T lymphocytes of different densities for accessory cells and helper factors (Interleukin 1 (Il-1) and Interleukin 2 (Il-2) ) in the response to phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) were investigated. Human T lymphocytes were subfractionated by discontinuous density gradient centrifugation. The various T-cell subsets were stimulated by PHA to form colonies in an agar micro-culture in the presence or absence of additional adherent cells or crude preparations of Il-1 or Il-2. The results show that the higher the density of the fractionated T lymphocytes and the lower the number of cells cultured, the greater is the number of adherent cells or the amount of helper factors required for the stimulation of colony-forming T lymphocytes. The results are consistent with the assumption that monocytes provide positive modulating activity during mitogenic stimulation of colony-forming T lymphocytes. The number of monocytes necessary for exerting an optimal modulating activity depends on the number of T cells cultured and the density of the T-cell fraction. This may reflect a distinct susceptibility of T cells of different densities to monocyte-mediated helper effects. PMID- 6224294 TI - Down's syndrome in adults: brain metabolism. AB - The cerebral metabolic rate for glucose, as measured with positron emission tomography and fluorine-18-labeled 2-deoxy-D-glucose, was significantly higher in four healthy young subjects with trisomy 21 syndrome (Down's syndrome) than the mean rate in healthy young controls. The rate of cerebral glucose utilization in the frontal lobe of a 51-year-old subject with Down's syndrome was significantly lower than the rate in the young subjects with this syndrome, but approximated the rate in middle-aged controls. Thus glucose utilization by the brain appears to be excessive in young adults with Down's syndrome but may decline with age in some brain regions. PMID- 6224293 TI - Complement (C3)-receptor-mediated phagocytosis of agarose beads by mouse macrophages. II. Extracellular activation of macrophage-derived complement on agarose via the alternative pathway. AB - Phagocytosis of agarose beads by macrophages cultured under serum-free conditions was studied. 48 h was needed before a plateau in the uptake was reached. The ingested agarose beads were coated extracellularly with macrophage-derived protein before attachment and ingestion of the beads. Intracellularly, the agarose-linked protein was removed from the agarose. If the ingested agarose beads were extracted from the macrophages within 24 h after the plateau in the uptake was reached, a fraction of the beads could attach to new macrophages, demonstrating modification of the agarose beads by opsonin(s). Because of binding of anti-human C3c antibodies to beads extracted from the macrophages after 24 h of phagocytosis and the trypsin sensitivity of the protein on the agarose, we conclude that the main opsonin on the agarose beads is C3bi. Requirements for the stimulatory effect of agarose on macrophages are summarized. PMID- 6224295 TI - The diagnostic value of bone scintigraphy in patients with low back pain. AB - Bone scintigraphy has been studied in two groups of patients presenting with low back pain. In one group of 38 patients suffering "nonspecific" back pain, bone scintigraphy and laboratory findings were negative in 24. There were abnormal laboratory findings in all of the remaining 14 and 7 had positive bone scans indicative of clinically significant disease. Selection of patients for bone scintigraphy in this group should therefore be influenced by abnormal laboratory findings and elevation of the erythrocyte sedimentation rate in particular. By comparison, the bone scans were reviewed from another group of patients suffering previously known malignancy. Out of 138 patients, nearly 40% showed a positive bone scan due to subsequently proven metastasis. Bone scintigraphy was positive in a further 14% as a result of osteoporotic rib fracture and vertebral body collapse. In half of these, it was not possible to exclude malignancy by scintigraphy. The present findings indicate that bone scintigraphy is not a useful procedure in patients with long-standing low back pain who have normal radiographs and normal laboratory findings. PMID- 6224296 TI - Chronic low back pain: a medical-psychological report. AB - This paper begins with general discussion of chronic pain, in which the complex nature of this symptom is pointed out and the incorrect application of the widespread distinction between 'organic' and 'psychogenic' pain is criticized. A different classification which has proved clinically valuable is then briefly discussed. Subsequently, there is a discussion of the symptom of low back pain, a frequent disorder as demonstrated by the epidemiologic investigation reported. Then, reference is made to chronic low back pain which is often treated by surgical intervention such as operation for prolapsed intervertebral disc (PID). To conclude, a detailed report is presented of a study of 55 patients all of whom had been subjected at least once to a PID operation without success and who subsequently applied for partial percutaneous rhizotomy (PPR). Every patient was interviewed in depth and the results of these interviews are presented, classified by the main topics discussed. In addition, 6 months after PPR, a follow-up interview was conducted concerning the therapeutic results in the 31 patients who underwent this procedure. PMID- 6224297 TI - [Concentration of the work of a functional diagnosis department]. PMID- 6224298 TI - [Public health of southern Osetia during World War II]. PMID- 6224299 TI - Computers in a day centre? PMID- 6224300 TI - Integrating the Ormerod children. PMID- 6224301 TI - A strategy for integration. PMID- 6224302 TI - A clinical comparison of nylon and polyglactin sutures for abdominal wound closure. PMID- 6224303 TI - Electron cytochemical demonstration of the capsule of yeast-like Sporothrix schenckii. AB - Staining of yeast-like cells of Sporothrix schenckii by the cationic dye Alcian blue 8GX and lanthanum nitrate permitted the demonstration in thin sections of an electron opaque material localized at and along the outermost wall surface. This material was associated with the characteristic microfibrillar layer of the external cell wall. It was absent or largely removed when cells were grown in shaken liquid culture or after washing of cells from static cultures. It is believed that this loosely-bound material represents a capsular substance comprised, at least in part, of a mucopolysaccharide or a mucopolysaccharide protein complex. PMID- 6224304 TI - Iopamidol in lumbar myelography. AB - Iopamidol is a new, nonionic, water-soluble contrast material currently undergoing clinical trials for intravascular and intrathecal use in Europe and the United States. In this study, 12 patients underwent lumbar myelography with this agent. For each subject, up to 12 mL of iopamidol (at 200 mg I/mL) was employed. The myelograms obtained were highly satisfactory. No serious adverse reactions were observed. The most common side effect--headache--occurred in seven patients. However, six of the seven headaches were mild and transient, and did not require treatment. Nausea occurred in two patients, back pain in two patients, hypotension and hypertension each in one patient. All of these reactions were mild and self-limited. Iopamidol appears to be a safe and conveniently used agent for lumbar myelography. PMID- 6224305 TI - Numerical and functional abnormaLity of T suppressor cells in diabetic rats. AB - Insulin-dependent diabetic patients have been reported to have abnormal suppressor T cell function. However, the importance of this abnormality in the etiology of the disease is difficult to evaluate, since the abnormality could be a result of hyperglycemia rather than a predisposing factor. A genetic condition in rats that closely resembles type I (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus made it possible to study their suppressor T cell status before they displayed the disease. Thus, monoclonal antibodies and a fluorescence-activated cell sorter were used to define lymphocyte subpopulations in these animals. In prediabetic rats the number of suppressor T cells was reduced strikingly. In vitro assays showed that lymphocytes from predisposed rats were also functionally deficient in regard to suppression. Susceptible rats inoculated with bone marrow cells from normal donors were protected from diabetes. Moreover, the numbers and functions of suppressor T cells in these marrow recipients were almost restored to normal. These observations indicate that a suppressor T cell abnormality is responsible for the hyperglycemia of diabetic rats and raises the possibility that the human disease has a similar etiology. PMID- 6224306 TI - A prostaglandin-dependent immunoregulatory mechanism activated by in vivo administration of antithymocyte globulin. AB - The mechanism responsible for the profound and enduring immunosuppressive action of antithymocyte globulin (ATG) is not well understood. In a primate model, we found that a 5-day rabbit ATG (RATG treatment course activates a prostaglandin (PG)-dependent suppressor cell mechanism that persists for several months. Groups of normal rhesus monkey skin allograft recipients, kidney allograft recipients, or nontransplant control animals received either RATG or no immunosuppression. The peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) population was longitudinally monitored for (1) percentage of total T cells, helper cells, and suppressor/cytotoxic T cell subsets with the monoclonal antibodies Leu-5, OKT4, and CKT8, respectively, and (2) phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-induced lymphocyte proliferative responses (LPR). The nonimmunosuppressed control groups showed no significant changes in any of these parameters. In contrast, PBMCs from all RATG treated monkeys developed a persistent imbalance in the ratio of OKT4+ and OKT8+ subsets. Their PBMCs became unresponsive to PHA and remained unresponsive (less than 20% of control level) for at least 3 months, although total T cell counts recovered within 2 to 3 weeks after cessation of RATG. Addition of PG synthetase inhibitors indomethacin. RO-20-5720, and tolmetin caused a significant, dose dependent recovery of LPR that was completely inhibited by exogenous PGE2 at 1 X 10(-8) M. PBMCs from RATG-treated monkeys caused a dose-dependent suppression of the normal PHA response, and this suppressor cell activity was blocked by indomethacin. PHA responses of nonimmunosuppressed control groups were not increased significantly in the presence of PG synthetase inhibitors, were less sensitive to suppression by PGE2, and did not exhibit suppressor cell activity. These data suggest that the prolonged depression in LPR after RATG treatment is due to an active PG-dependent suppressor cell mechanism and provide a new concept to explain the immunosuppressive action of RATG. PMID- 6224307 TI - A comparison of prosthetic materials used to repair abdominal wall defects. AB - A large abdominal wall hernia, not amenable to primary closure, may require insertion of a prosthesis. The ideal prosthesis maintains strength, is incorporated by surrounding tissues, and does not stimulate adhesions. These qualities vary among available synthetic prostheses. We tested tensile strength, bursting strength, and adhesion formation in response to six materials used in repair of abdominal wall hernias. Adult Sprague-Dawley rats (196) were randomly divided into a control group and six experimental groups. A 4 by 4 cm full thickness resection of abdominal wall was closed with patches of polypropylene mesh (Marlex), polyglactin 910 mesh (Vicryl), expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (Gore-tex), Dacron-reinforced silicone rubber (Silastic), preserved human dura (PHD), or polypropylene mesh overlying gelatin film (Marlex and Gelfilm, respectively). In controls the 4 cm longitudinal full-thickness incisions were closed primarily. Seven rats randomly selected from each group were sacrificed after 1, 2, 4, and 8 weeks; bursting and tensile strength (tensiometer) and adhesion formation were assessed. There were no differences in bursting strength among the experimental groups at each testing period. Although bursting strength increased linearly with time it was significantly weaker than in controls at 1 and 8 weeks (P less than 0.05). Tensiometric data were inconclusive due to wide variability within the experimental groups. Adhesion formation was moderate to maximal at all evaluation periods for Marlex and Gore-tex. Early adhesion formation was minimal to moderate for both PHD and Vicryl, but later increased with PHD and decreased with Vicryl as this prosthesis was absorbed. No adhesions formed with Marlex and Gelfilm until the gelatin dissolved (1 week), after which the adhesion response was similar to that with Marlex alone. No adhesions formed after Silastic implantation, but graft extrusion and evisceration were common (75%). Controls had no adhesions at all evaluation periods. Wound strength was similar for all prosthetic materials. Absorbable prosthetic Vicryl provided the best long-term protection against adhesions. PMID- 6224309 TI - Detection of carriers in Glanzmann's thrombasthenia. AB - Quantitative glycoprotein (GP) analysis of whole platelets or platelet membranes was performed by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and periodic acid Schiff staining in the families of two unrelated Glanzmann's thrombasthenia (GT) patients. Each family consisted of two symptom free parents, a symptom free daughter and a GT daughter. All symptom free members had a normal bleeding time, clot retraction and platelet aggregation response to adenosine 5'-diphosphate (ADP), collagen and adrenalin. Platelet Zwa antigen was normally expressed in these subjects. GT patients, classified as a type I and II subject, showed reduced amounts of GP IIb and of GP IIIa. Analysis of isolated membranes in the non-reduced state, however, showed that the amount of GP IIIa was also reduced in three of the four parents, whereas one parent (of the GT type I patient) and the two unaffected daughters had normal amounts of GP IIIa. Quantitative SDS-PAGE may therefore provide a method for the detection of asymptomatic carriers in GT type I and II. PMID- 6224308 TI - Right ventricular hypertrophy in a group of coalworkers. AB - The prevalence of right ventricular hypertrophy was studied in necropsy material from 215 coalworkers, a group which consisted of 115 men with simple or no pneumoconiosis and 100 with progressive massive fibrosis. Right ventricular hypertrophy was considered to be present if the ratio of the weight of the left ventricle plus septum to that of the right ventricle was less than 2:1. The prevalence of right ventricular hypertrophy was low (15%) in the absence of progressive massive fibrosis and appeared to be related to emphysema or airways disease or both, and not to simple pneumoconiosis. It was evident only in subjects who had smoked. In subjects with progressive massive fibrosis the prevalence of right ventricular hypertrophy was higher (34%) and it was occasionally seen in non-smokers. The prevalence increased with increasing size of lesion, and for any given size of lesion subjects with right ventricular hypertrophy had more panacinar emphysema than those without right ventricular hypertrophy. There was no relationship, however, between the extent of massive lesions or amount and type of emphysema and the degree of right ventricular hypertrophy. PMID- 6224310 TI - Kinetic study of the effect of heparin on the amidase activity of trypsin, plasmin and urokinase. AB - It was found that the effect of heparin on the amidase activity of urokinase (E C 3.4.21.31), plasmin (E C 3.4.21.7) and trypsin (E C 3.4.21.4) depended on the substrate used. No effect of heparin on the amidase activity of urokinase and trypsin was observed when Pyro Glu-Gly-Arg-p-nitroanilide (S-2444) and alpha-N acetyl-L-lysine-p-nitroanilide (ALNA) were used as substrates. Heparin acted as a uncompetitive inhibitor of trypsin (Ki = 1.2 X 10(-6) M), plasmin (Ki = 4.9 X 10( 6) M) and urokinase (Ki = 1.0 X 10(-7) M) when Bz-Phe-Val-Arg-p-nitroanilide (S 2160), H-D-Val-Leu-Lys-p-nitroanilide (S-2251) and plasminogen, respectively, were used as substrates. These results, as well as the data obtained by studying the effect of the simultaneous presence of heparin and competitive inhibitors suggest that although heparin is not bound at the active center of these enzymes, it may influence the effectivity of catalysis. PMID- 6224311 TI - [The lumbar facet joint syndrome]. PMID- 6224312 TI - [Lungworm disease in cattle, a persistent problem?]. AB - From the results of a number of studies it is concluded that: (1) Cattle of a large proportion (approximately 80 per cent) of the dairy farms in the Netherlands were infected with L3 larvae of Dictyocaulus viviparus during the grazing season in 1981. (2) Experiments showed a significant negative cubic effect on the level of infection with L3 larvae of D. viviparus on the growth of calves. (3) Sporangia of Pilobolus kleinii harbouring L3 larvae were shot significantly further away than sporangia not harbouring L3 larvae. PMID- 6224313 TI - Risk management. II. Workers' compensation. PMID- 6224314 TI - Pre- and postirradiation care of the mouth in head and neck cancer patients. PMID- 6224315 TI - [Status and developmental prospects of forensic medicine expertise in the RSFSR]. PMID- 6224316 TI - Disulfiram-like reaction to certain cephalosporins. AB - Semisynthetic cephalosporins, containing the methyltetrazolethiol substituent at the 3-position of the fused beta-lactam dihydrothiazine nucleus, can clearly produce disulfiram-like reactions in certain subjects who consume ethanol after treatment with these cephalosporins. So far, cefamandole, cefoperazone, and moxalactam have been repeatedly reported to produce this reaction, which is strictly related to the chemical structure of the cephalosporin. Similar to the characteristic symptoms and signs observed with disulfiram and these cephalosporins, increased acetaldehyde concentrations in blood were also measured. The phenomenon can be studied in an animal (rat) model. Patients experiencing these often frightening disulfiram-type reactions seldom need specific treatment; however, it is mandatory to strongly caution patients not to consume alcoholic beverages for a few days after treatment with these cephalosporins. Other aspects and ramifications of this phenomenon are also reviewed. PMID- 6224317 TI - The size of functional T-lymphocyte pools within thymic medullary and cortical cell subsets. AB - The frequency of all precursors of T cells capable of proliferation (PTL-p) and of all cytotoxic T-cell clones (CTL-p) was determined for different thymocyte subpopulations using a high cloning-efficiency, Con A and growth factor driven, limit-dilution assay and a lectin-mediated, non-specific cytotoxic readout. As shown previously, more than 99% of precursors were confined to the medullary-type fraction, isolated by fluorescence activated cell sorting as the 14-15% of thymocytes showing low binding of peanut agglutinin (PNA). However, 20-50% of medullary-type cells appeared incapable of responding in a culture system allowing all peripheral T cells to grow, suggesting that the absolute size of the functional pool was 7-12% of all thymocytes. The 3-4% cortisone-resistant fraction of thymus gave a high precursor frequency (PTL-p 1 in 1.3; CTL-p 1 in 6) and a high cloning efficiency per Thy 1 positive cell (80%) which was nevertheless below that of peripheral T cells. However, only 20-25% of the total thymic PTL-p and CTL-p could be recovered in this fraction. Functional precursors were therefore within both the cortisone-sensitive and the cortisone-resistant subgroups of medullary-type thymocytes. Attempts to induce function in PNA+ cortical-type thymocytes by increasing the level of T-cell growth factors in the cultures gave only a marginal increase, the bulk of small cortical cells remained functionally inert. However, the low frequency of precursors found in the PNA+ fraction (around 1% of that in PNA- thymocytes) was not entirely due to PNA- contaminants since a PNA+, high H-2 blast fraction, representing about 4% of all thymocytes, showed a significant, although still low, PTL-p and CTL-p frequency amounting to less than 1% of the total thymus precursor pool. The relevance of this minor subset is discussed. PMID- 6224318 TI - The Ly phenotype of functional medullary thymocytes. AB - The frequency of all precursors of T cells capable of proliferation (PTL-p), and of all precursors of cytotoxic T-cell clones (CTL-p), was determined for mouse thymic and peripheral T-cell subsets differing in Ly phenotype. A high cloning efficiency, concanavalin A (Con A) and growth factor driven limit dilution culture system was used. A lectin-mediated non-specific lysis readout was used for detecting cytotoxic clones. This approach provided a balance sheet of the overall distribution of functional cells regardless of specificity. Subsets of splenic T lymphocytes were isolated by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) after two-colour staining with monoclonal anti-Thy 1 and anti-Ly 2 antibodies. Both the Ly 1+2- and Ly 1+2% subsets responded by clonal proliferation, but cytotoxic activity was almost exclusively limited to the Ly 1+2% derived clones. Four subclasses of thymocytes were isolated by FACS after two-colour staining with peanut agglutinin (PNA) and monoclonal anti-Ly 2 antibody. These were PNA+Ly 2+, PNA+ Ly 2-, PNA- Ly 2+ and PNA- Ly 2-, representing 80, 5, 5 and 10% of total thymocytes, respectively. Their respective PTL-p frequencies were 1 in 333, 1 in 200, 1 in 5.3 and 1 in 3.2, values which included a significant activity loss on labeling and isolation. The slight activity in PNA+ cells may have been contaminants. The PNA- Ly 2+ subset formed larger clones than the PNA- Ly 2- subset. CTL-p frequency was 1 in 5 for PNA- Ly 2+ and 1 in 400 for PNA- Ly 2-. The few cytotoxic clones derived from the Ly 2- cells appeared to be genuine and not a result of contamination with Ly 2+ cells. Thus although both Ly subsets of medullary-type thymocytes were able to proliferate, the Ly 2+ subset contributed almost all of the cytotoxic activity of the unfractionated thymocytes. Medullary type thymocytes display an Ly phenotype development and a level of functional maturation approaching that of peripheral T cells. PMID- 6224319 TI - T-cell subsets in melanoma patients evaluated by anti-T-cell monoclonal antibodies. AB - Functional T-cell subpopulations have been evaluated in the peripheral blood of 124 melanoma patients (71 non-metastatic and 53 metastatic) using monoclonal antibodies: OKT3, OKT4, OKT8, every 2 months for 1 year. The levels of OKT3+ cells were significantly lower in metastatic patients than in normal controls and they decreased in the advanced phases of the disease. Percentages and absolute OKT4+ cell values were reduced in metastatic patients only, while a significant reduction in OKT8+ cells was noted in both long-surviving, non-metastatic and metastatic patients. The ratio of OKT4+/OKT8+ cells was increased in non metastatic patients and in patients remaining metastasis-free for 4 years after resection of their metastases. Patients with prolonged survival show normal T helper cells and low T-suppressor cells with a significant increased ratio OKT4/OKT8. In the patients who developed visceral metastases and in those who died the progressive reduction in total T cells is mainly due to the decrease in OKT4+ cells. PMID- 6224320 TI - Renal allograft survival in the baboon using a pretreatment protocol with cyclosporine. AB - Cyclosporine extends kidney allograft survival in the chacma baboon, and this study explores various administration protocols to generate optimal serum concentrations of the drug, assessed by radioimmunoassay and by inhibition of lymphocyte transformation by phytohemagglutinin and allogeneic lymphocytes in culture. Serum levels commensurate with concentrations that have been shown to be immunosuppressive in humans (150-400 ng/ml) are reached after 14 days of pretreatment with 10 mg cyclosporine/kg, and after 7 days with 20 and 30 mg cyclosporine/kg. The 10-mg dose prolongs median graft survival from 11 to 21 days, which is the same as that obtained with 20 mg/kg administered after transplantation. Further increases in the pretreatment dose to 20 or 30 mg/kg result in survivals of 27 and 31 days, respectively. All the animals died from rejection during therapy and the T-cell-binding avidity, and absorptive or degradative processes may necessitate doses far in excess of those currently used in transplantation. PMID- 6224321 TI - Induction of transplantation tolerance in guinea pigs by spleen allografts. III. Transfer of tolerance to normal hosts. AB - Spleen allografts from (2 X 13)F1 donors survive indefinitely in immunologically intact strain 2 recipients. Such strain 2 hosts with long-term surviving F1 grafts had markedly suppressed anti-13 MLR responses and cells capable of suppressing the response of normal strain 2 cells to strain 13 stimulators were present in some long-term surviving animals. In order to further analyze the cellular basis for this tolerant state, we transferred cells from tolerant donors to normal syngeneic strain 2 hosts. We showed that such suppressor cells transfer MLR unresponsiveness to primary or secondary hosts, but that the period of MLR suppression is rather short-lived. Strain 13 cardiac allografts survived indefinitely in cell-transferred primary or secondary hosts and further enhanced MLR suppression, whereas most cardiac allografted controls had vigorous MLR responses for strain 13 stimulator cells after rejection of their transplants. Attempts to abrogate established tolerance in transferred hosts, either by donor antigen or by host cytolytic T cells were unsuccessful. PMID- 6224322 TI - Inhibition of mixed lymphocyte culture reaction by cold cytotoxins. PMID- 6224324 TI - Transplantation. PMID- 6224323 TI - The immune response. PMID- 6224325 TI - The characterization of Trypanosoma cruzi stocks by starch-gel electrophoresis, comparison of results with those of isoelectric focusing. AB - The culture forms of 30 T. cruzi stocks originating from different parts of Brazil and Venezuela were screened by starch-gel electrophoresis for the isoenzyme patterns of 9 enzymes: glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), phosphoglucomutase (PGM), glucosephosphate isomerase (GPI), aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT), "malic" enzyme (ME), alanine aminotransferase (ALAT), peptidases (PEP 1, PEP 2) and malate dehydrogenase (MDH). G6PD, PGM, GPI to some extent also ASAT, ME patterns divide 25 stocks into two distinct main groups A and B. The Brazilian stocks of group A originated from different wild animal species only, those of group B were with one exception isolated from human patients, or domestic hosts. In contrast all stocks from Venezuela regardless of their original host belonged to group A. The results of all enzymes showed group A (16 stocks and 7 profiles) to be more homogeneous than group B (9 stocks and 7 profiles). Comparison of these results with previous results of isoelectric focusing of the same stocks shows both methods to be complementary. The two methods gave identical classification of stocks with G6PD, PGM and GPI, both methods dividing most stocks into two main groups. The enzymes ALAT and ASAT confirmed this grouping to some extent in the starch-gel electrophoresis. For both starch-gel and isoelectric focusing ME was of only limited value because of variable enzyme activities in the trypanosome extracts. For the enzymes PEP 1, and PEP 2 and MDH neither method was useful in demonstrating intraspecific variation within the T. cruzi complex. PMID- 6224326 TI - Comparison of isoenzymes of some species of the subgenus schizotrypanum from bats by isoelectrofocusing. AB - Culture forms of bat-trypanosomes of the species T. dionisii, T. vespertilionis and T.c. marinkellei were compared isoenzymatically by isoelectrofocusing. The enzymes tested were: nonspecific esterase (NSE, E.C.3.1.1.), phosphoglucomutase (PGM, E.C. 2.7.5.1), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD, E.C. 1.1.1.49), glucosephosphate isomerase (GPI, E.C. 5.3.1.9), malate dehydrogenase (MDH, E.C. 1.1.1.37), alcohol dehydrogenase (NADP+) (ADH, E.C. 1.1.1.2). Their enzyme types were related to those of T. cruzi. The comparison of enzyme patterns of the six enzymes has shown that each species was characterized by species-specific enzyme profiles. Among the stocks of the European species, T. dionisii, and T. vespertilionis, variations of the enzyme patterns of PGM, G-6-PD and GPI suggesting that the final status of this subspecies is probably not yet established. In relation to T. cruzi it has been found that T. dionisii showed identical enzyme profiles with group II of T. cruzi. For T. vespertilionis no enzyme types identical with T. cruzi were detectable. T.c. marinkellei showed only identical enzyme patterns to T. cruzi-group I by the enzymes NSE and GPI. PMID- 6224327 TI - [Quantity of DNA, sex chromatin bodies and nucleoli in the nuclei of the muscle cells of normal and hypertrophied human atria]. AB - Nuclei of myocytes of normal and hypertrophied human heart atrium were studied on squash preparations. Judging by the sex chromatin body pattern, it is the polyploidization that is responsible for the increased DNA contents in these nuclei. The cytophotometric DNA measurements demonstrated the up to 93% occurrence of polyploid nuclei even in myocytes of normal atrium. Myocytes of hypertrophied atrium contained nuclei of higher ploidy degrees. The total area of nucleoli per nucleus was shown to be proportional to a degree of ploidy. PMID- 6224328 TI - [Echocardiography. Diagnostic and therapeutic results]. PMID- 6224330 TI - [What do we know about occupational eczema?]. PMID- 6224329 TI - [Gastroschisis and omphalocele in Denmark. An epidemiological study]. PMID- 6224331 TI - [Epilepsy and oligophrenia]. PMID- 6224332 TI - [Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty]. PMID- 6224333 TI - [Primary results of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty]. PMID- 6224334 TI - [Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty in arterial insufficiency of the lower limbs. Indications and 1-year results]. PMID- 6224335 TI - [Contact dermatitis induced by methylmethacrylate monomers in an operating theatre staff]. PMID- 6224336 TI - Flow velocity patterns in the carotid bifurcations of young, presumed normal subjects. AB - Spectral analysis of pulsed Doppler velocity waveforms has been found useful as a diagnostic technique in the assessment of carotid artery disease. While spectral broadening of the velocity waveform obtained at center stream sites is usually associated with arterial disease, the present study describes spectral patterns resulting from disturbed blood flow in the proximal branches of the carotid bifurcation in young, presumed normal human subjects. In those studied, spectral patterns in the bifurcation region exhibit characteristics similar to those occurring in zones of flow separation in model studies under conditions of steady flow. It is important to distinguish the spectral patterns due to arterial disease from those occurring in the normal bifurcation. This paper describes the types of flow disturbances noted in presumed normal arteries and points out the need to understand the flow velocity patterns that may be found at specific anatomical sites across the carotid bifurcation. PMID- 6224337 TI - [Epidemiology of urolithiasis in Kirghizia]. PMID- 6224338 TI - [Endovascular balloon dilatation of stenotic lesions of the renal artery]. PMID- 6224340 TI - [Status and prospects for development of microsurgical services in the RSFSR]. PMID- 6224339 TI - [Metabolic processes in the erythrocytes in disordered kidney function]. PMID- 6224341 TI - [Imminent changes in the preoperative diagnosis of bile duct diseases]. AB - The author's views on the expedient sequence of using different diagnostic examinations in patients with bile duct diseases are presented. The author recommends instrumental methods to be predominantly used as more reliable ones. PMID- 6224342 TI - Ultrastructure of feline mammary hypertrophy. AB - The ultrastructure of feline mammary hypertrophy was studied in a five-month-old female which had aborted recently, a ten-year-old female which was one month postestrus, and a four-year-old progestin-treated neutered male. Morphologic comparisons were made to normal mammary tissue from a one-year-old female cat. Hypertrophied mammary tissue had the same cell types and spatial relationships as did the normal gland. Major differences included a more highly developed duct system composed of metabolically active cells which often were arranged in multiple cell layers, and periductular stroma with increased fibroblasts and vascularization. Hypertrophied epithelial cells were characterized generally by smooth-contoured nuclear membranes, more evenly dispersed heterochromatin, prominent nucleoli, increased polyribosomes, and elongated mitochondria. Secretory activity was developed significantly only in the cat that had aborted recently. Modifications in myoepithelial cells included: more evenly dispersed nuclear heterochromatin, thicker bundles of cytoplasmic filaments, more straight plasma membranes along the basal lamina, and elongated hemidesmosomes. Multilayering of the basal lamina was accentuated. Stromal fibroblasts had nuclear heterochromatin distributed similarly to that of epithelial and myoepithelial cells, and increased rough endoplasmic reticulum. Myoepithelial cells did not contribute to the increased stromal cellularity. No significant ultrastructural differences were noted between mammary hypertrophy in young, old, and progestin-treated cats. PMID- 6224343 TI - Cold cow syndrome. PMID- 6224344 TI - Effect of Fusarium roseum (Gibberella zea) on pregnancy and the estrous cycle in gilts fed molded corn on days 7-17 post-estrus. AB - A laboratory produced corn culture of Fusarium roseum (Gibberella zea) was fed as 10% of the total diet to bred and non-bred gilts on days 7-17 postestrus. The corn culture contained both zearalenone and deoxynivalenol by analysis, and caused considerable feed refusal. Although 6 of 10 bred gilts fed the corn culture appeared to be pregnant by ultrasound testing between days 40-50 post breeding, none of them farrowed. Progesterone analyses indicated that none of the 10 gilts cycled normally during the 20 week observation period. Three maintained high serum progesterone (greater than 10 ng/ml) during the entire period. Progesterone analyses were similar in 5 non-bred gilts fed the corn culture in that none of them cycled normally in 20 weeks. The retention or loss of corpora lutea could not be attributed to levels of luteinizing hormone, as no relationship was found between concentrations of progesterone and luteinizing hormone. This experiment indicates that limited dietary exposure of female swine to Fusarium roseum infected corn can result in embryonic loss and disruption of normal reproductive cycling for an extended length of time. PMID- 6224345 TI - Evidence of cell fragility caused by gene kil following lambda induction. AB - Escherichia coli cells carrying lambda cI857 prophage lyse 40 min after lambda thermoinduction; the lysis depends on the lambda genes Q, R, and S. If chloramphenicol (CAP) is added within 20 min after lambda cI857 induction, an early, unproductive lysis occurs. This lysis is independent of the genes int, rex, O, P, Q, and all late genes. Instead, early lysis depends upon the kil gene. The early lysis is under the positive control of lambda gene N and the negative control of gene cro. One or more events specifically connected with lambda induction appear to be necessary for the occurrence of early lysis, since early lysis cannot be observed after lambda infection. Induced lambda kil+ lysogens are more sensitive to osmotic shock than induced lambda kil- lysogens. CAP-induced early lysis can be prevented in a hypertonic medium. These results suggest that induction of lambda causes an osmotic fragility due to a damage of the cell envelope which requires repair; in the absence of protein synthesis the cell envelope is not repaired and cell lysis ensues. PMID- 6224346 TI - [Diagnostic potential of laparoscopy in diseases of abdominal organs]. PMID- 6224348 TI - [Breast cancer based on data from the Laboratory of Pathomorphology, Scientific Research Institute of Roentgenology, Radiology and Oncology, Ministry of Health, Uzbek SSR]. PMID- 6224347 TI - [ATPase activity and binding of calcium by sarcoplasmic reticulum of the myocardium in coronary insufficiency]. AB - After local restriction by 70% and 90% of coronary circulation the properties of calcium pump were altered in myocardial sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR), since the activity of Ca2+-dependent ATPase and binding of 45Ca2+ by the SR membranes in the ischemic zone and out of it were decreased. Increase in the ischemic state made these alterations more distinct. Under conditions of the experiment content of ATP decreased and the metabolism of electrolytes was altered. A decrease in potassium and an increase in intracellular sodium content as well as a marked decrease in the ratio Ki/Ke were noted. Content of Ca2+ was simultaneously increased 2-2.5-fold in myocardium. These alterations might be responsible for impairment of normal ratios of systole/diastole cycles as well as for a decrease in the contractile functions of myocardium in ischemia. PMID- 6224349 TI - [Characteristics of pollinoses in the Crimea and the effectiveness of specific hyposensitization]. PMID- 6224350 TI - [Diagnosis of infectious endocarditis]. PMID- 6224351 TI - [Fatal bee sting: 1st report of IgG4-mediated anaphylactic shock]. AB - The author reports on a 39 year-old male patient with allergic asthma who died several hours after a bee sting in a state of shock. While IgE antibodies were not present, distinct deposits of IgG4 antibodies in the kidney and lung were demonstrated for the first time after a bee sting. The intention of this report is to stress the importance of hyposensibilisation of patients with an allergic condition after determination of the relevant class or subclass of immunoglobulins. PMID- 6224352 TI - [Epidemiology and prevention of occupational dermatoses in the synthetic fiber industry]. PMID- 6224353 TI - [Treatment of moderately severe virilism of women with Diane and Androcur 10]. AB - We report on 20 female patients suffering from acne, seborrhea, hirsutism, and androgenic alopecia during the years 1980-1982 who have been treated with 1 tablet of Androcur 10 (10 mg cyproteronacetate) daily, in the first 15 days applied together with Diane (0,05 mg ethinylestradiol and 2 mg cyproteronacetate). The results achieved after 2 years show an improvement of acne in 80 per cent of the cases, of seborrhea in 95 per cent, and of both hirsutism and androgenic alopecia in 45 per cent each. So this therapy takes its important place between the therapy with Diane alone and the usual supplementary dosis of 50 mg cyproteronacetate (Androcur) daily. PMID- 6224354 TI - [Contact allergy due to halogenated corticosteroids]. AB - Statistical evaluation of epicutaneous tests performed in 5348 patients during the years 1976 to 1980 revealed positive reactions towards topical steroids in nine cases. Three patients showed an allergy due to Dermoxin (Dermovate). Further tests with the single components of the steroidal cream disclosed a specific hypersensitivity towards clobetasol-17-propionate in two cases, towards the preservative 4-chlor-m-kresol in the third case. Cross-reactions to other fluorinated corticosteroids were not obtained. Experimental sensitisation with clobetasol-17-propionate in guinea pigs remained negative although different methods have been employed. PMID- 6224355 TI - [Two-dimensional stress echocardiography and plasma catecholamine measurements in the evaluation of the physiologically hypertrophied heart]. AB - Two-dimensional stress echocardiography was performed in 8 untrained subjects, 8 long-distance runners, and 8 cyclists. The ergometric investigation was performed with subjects in supine position on a bicycle ergometer with increasing work loads of 50 Watts. At each working level, lactate, norepinephrine, and epinephrine were measured. The long-distance runners and the cyclists had an equal maximum oxygen uptake when tested with treadmill or bicycle ergometer. Absolute and relative heart volumes also showed the same amount of hypertrophy. In spite of this, lactate, catecholamines, and heart rate of the long-distance runners rose earlier during the supine ergometer test. End-diastolic volume and stroke volume in the cyclists increased significantly more (delta EDV = 15%, delta SV = 32%) than in the long-distance runners (delta EDV = 1%, delta SV = 13%) and untrained subjects (delta EDV = 5%, delta SV = 9%). It is assumed that this difference in heart function is caused by diminished sympathetic activity, which is dependent on the aerobic capacity of the working muscles. PMID- 6224356 TI - [Acute myocardial infarction in patients over 70]. AB - History and clinical course were studied in 299 patients with acute myocardial infarction. 133 patients aged 70 and older (group 2) were compared to 166 patients under 70 (group 1). Hospital mortality of the total group was 23%. The mortality rate among the older patients (31%) was significantly higher than among the younger patients (17%) (p less than 0.01). The major cause of death in both groups was cardiogenic shock. It is noteworthy that in eight cases from group 2 pulmonary embolism was diagnosed at autopsy in spite of the fact that the patients were receiving prophylactic antithrombotic therapy. Analyzing the histories, it was noticed that group 2 had a significantly higher percentage of hypertension and left heart failure, whereas in group 1 significantly more smokers and hyperlipidemics were found. During hospitalization left ventricular enlargement and insufficiency were diagnosed more often in the elderly. It may be assumed that this fact is one of the reasons for the increased mortality of group 2. PMID- 6224357 TI - Electromagnetic modulation of biological processes: bicarbonate effect and mechanistic considerations in the Ca-uptake by embryonal chick tibia in vitro. AB - Electromagnetically induced currents pulsating at very low frequency stimulated calcium uptake by chick embryo tibia rudiments only when bicarbonate was present in the culture medium. A bicarbonate-dependent Ca2+-ATPase might be implicated in coupling of the electromagnetic signal with processes that promote Ca-transport and storage in bone tissue. PMID- 6224358 TI - Electromagnetic modulation of biological processes: ATPase function and DNA production by Raji cancer cells in vitro. AB - Addition of either ATP or ouabain to the culture medium markedly depressed thymidine incorporation into DNA in Raji cells. The electromagnetic field, pulsating at very low frequency, did not affect DNA synthesis in normal culture media nor did it alter its ouabain-inhibition, but it partially reversed the ATP inhibition. In spite of the presence of ATP, ouabain prevented stimulation of ATPase and DNA synthesis by the field. Although no mechanism is known for the action of either ATP or the field, the results may be interpreted in light of existing speculations. In the absence of the field, external ATP may go into an ATP pool that either blocks ATPase or feeds adenyl cyclase, which hinders DNA synthesis. In contrast, the electromagnetic field may either turn off adenyl cyclase or simply stimulate the ATP-depressed ATPase. PMID- 6224359 TI - [Indices of the T- and B-immunity systems in patients with the polar types of leprosy]. PMID- 6224360 TI - [Experience with setting up problem situations in practical exercises in a department of skin diseases]. PMID- 6224361 TI - [Criteria for assessing the work of dermatology and venereology institutions]. PMID- 6224362 TI - [Braun Falco-Marguescu syndrome]. PMID- 6224363 TI - [Complications of drug therapy]. PMID- 6224364 TI - [Effect of Carpathian petroleum and its refinery products on the skin (a clinico experimental study)]. PMID- 6224365 TI - [Clinico-morphological changes in the skin of female textile industry workers processing flax]. PMID- 6224366 TI - [Molecular mechanisms of changes in rat kidney sensitivity to aldosterone in neurogenic dystrophies of the kidney]. PMID- 6224367 TI - [Effect of proteolytic enzymes, electrolytes and other factors on the crystallization of calcium oxalate in the urine]. AB - On the basis of 18 discriminance-analytically balanced urine parameters of patients with recidive calcium-oxalate nephrolithiasis and control subjects without urological complaints, it is shown in this article that the concentration of proteolytic activity, of enzyme inhibitors, of acid mucopolysaccharides and inhibition indices do not give better separation between the control group and recidive calcium-oxalate lithiasis patients than the usually measured urine parameters. PMID- 6224368 TI - [Comparative study of the craniofacial structures in different occlusal anomalies]. PMID- 6224369 TI - [Temperature behavior of the gingiva after the administration magnesium compositum studied by intraoral liquid-crystal thermography]. PMID- 6224370 TI - [In vitro comparisons of the hardness and polishability of amalgam fillings]. PMID- 6224371 TI - [Pulp reactions of teeth with deep caries--an electron microscopy study]. PMID- 6224372 TI - [Direct-current measurement of the length of the root canal]. PMID- 6224373 TI - [Biochemical studies of healthy human dental pulp]. PMID- 6224374 TI - [Autoradiographic determination of vanadium, niobium and tantalum in the hard dental tissues of the Syrian golden hamster]. PMID- 6224375 TI - [Scanning electron microscope studies of the morphology of irregular dentin structures]. PMID- 6224376 TI - [Effect of Grisaldon and Gelaspon on the healing processes in the extraction wound--an experimental animal study]. PMID- 6224378 TI - [Experiences with gynecologic laparoscopy as a routine method]. AB - Report on 631 gynecological laparoscopies performed from January 1978 till March 1982. The main indications are ectopic pregnancy, acute and chronic pelvic inflammatory diseases and tumours of the ovaries. It is necessary to be critical against the palpation findings and the clinical diagnosis acute or chronic salpingooophoritis. There was a concordance of 51% with laparoscopic diagnosis. The importance and necessity of laparoscopic tubal sterilization is commented. PMID- 6224377 TI - [Prevention of malformations with centrophenoxine (Cerutil) in an animal experiment]. PMID- 6224379 TI - [The hypercalcemia syndrome in ovarian carcinoma]. AB - Hypercalcemia demands special importance among the paraneoplastic endocrinopathology because of its frequency. The chronically developing hypercalcemia mostly disappears after successful treatment of tumor disease and it can be kept under control. But the acute hypercalcemic crisis requires a quick and effective therapy to normalize the serum-calcium-level because of threatening life. The procedure of treatment is presented by means of a case-report of a young patient with advanced ovarian carcinoma. PMID- 6224380 TI - [Activity of the therapeutic polyclinical institutions of Molodechno District (rural) in decreasing hepatitis B morbidity]. PMID- 6224381 TI - [Results of introducing a comprehensive system of influenza control in the population of Severodvinsk]. AB - A complex differentiated system of influenza control, based on scientific principles, was introduced into practice during 1976-1980 in Severodvinsk. The main component of this system was the mass prophylactic immunization of the population of the city, including children and elderly persons, with live and inactivated vaccines manufactured in the USSR. At the period of influenza epidemics remantadin was used for the urgent prophylaxis and treatment of influenza. As a result, influenza morbidity in Severodvinsk was reduced 1.5-2 times in comparison with that in the neighboring control cities. The cases of pneumonia and bronchitis, the most severe postinfluenza complications, decreased in number 1.8 and 1.4 times, respectively. The proportion of influenza A in the structure of acute respiratory diseases decreased by one-half. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of the prophylactic and therapeutic measures carried out in the city. PMID- 6224382 TI - [Toxic action of kainic acid as a model of Huntington chorea and epilepsy (review)]. PMID- 6224383 TI - [Rational occupational arrangements for disabled epileptics]. AB - Five hundred epileptics working at common enterprises of various industries were examined in order to evaluate the character of their work arrangements. It was established that in 76% of the patients, the working arrangements were quite rational whilst in 24% they were not. On the material provided by the latter group, the author outlined the factors that negatively affect the mechanisms of biological compensation and the stability of social and occupational adaptation. The quality of occupational recommendations in 10 administrative areas of the RSFS R was also studied. It was revealed that the proportion of those rationally employed is higher among the disabled whose occupational recommendations contain references to the nature and conditions of a desirable job and also to the character of personality changes in a given individual. PMID- 6224385 TI - [Prolongation of compulsory treatment of alcoholic patients who have completed their sentences]. PMID- 6224384 TI - [Role of immunoregulatory cells and natural killers in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis]. AB - Simultaneous investigations of the immunoregulatory cells and the natural killers were carried out in patients with different stages of multiple sclerosis in an attempt to determine a relationship between these organisms and the clinical stage of the disease. The quantities of E- and EAC-RFC in patients of all groups were within normal. The amount of T gamma-cells was decreased in the progressive phase of the disease and was significantly higher than normal during remission. The activity of the natural killers in the progressive phase of disease did not differ from control but was significantly depressed during remission with all effector/target ratios. The activity of the natural killers and the amount of T gamma-cells were found to be reversely correlated both in the progressive and remission phases of the disease. A quantitative reduction in the 0 population of lymphocytes was accompanied by a sharp suppression of natural killer activity. PMID- 6224386 TI - Hyperinsulinism and insulin resistance in polycystic ovarian syndrome: a verification using oral glucose, I.V. Glucose and tolbutamide. AB - Twenty-six female in-patients, aged 14-34 years, suffering from polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) were investigated. Sixteen normal women, matched with patients for age and weight, were used as controls. Both glucose and insulin curves and areas, insulin/glucose area ratio [insulin resistance index (IA/GA)] were studied by oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), i.v. glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) and tolbutamide test (TT). Plasma insulin and insulin area values of the patients were significantly higher than those of controls. Insulin/glucose area ratios were significantly higher in patients when compared to controls. A correlation was found in some patients (subgroup A) between insulin/glucose area ratio and urinary dehydroepiandrosterone output after the TT. The presence of hyperinsulinism and insulin resistance in our patients suffering from PCOS was confirmed even in the absence of obesity. A relationship between androgens and hyperinsulinism and insulin resistance may thus be confirmed in patients with PCOS. PMID- 6224387 TI - Generation of CFU-c suppressor T cells. VI. Effect of cyclosporin A. AB - CFU-c suppressor T cells were generated in vitro by culturing overnight peripheral blood T cells from healthy donors with pokeweed mitogen (PWM), or T cells from patients with severe aplastic anemia (SAA) in remission, with culture medium (RPMI). The supernatants were removed the next morning, the cells harvested and washed, and both tested for CFU-c suppression on normal marrow cells. Cyclosporin A (CyA) was added to this system to test whether it could abrogate or prevent the generation of suppressor cells. CyA was incubated with T cells, at a concentration of 0.1 microgram/ml, for 30 min at 37 degrees C and then washed away, in two different assays: (a) before T cells were incubated overnight in culture medium with or without PWM, or (b) after T cells had been kept overnight in culture. The results of this study indicate that CyA can prevent the generation of CFU-c suppressor T cells if preincubated with both normal or SAA T cells prior to in vitro priming, whereas it cannot abrogate the suppressor activity of primed T cells. PMID- 6224388 TI - Spontaneous complete remission of CLL. Report of a case studied with monoclonal antibodies. AB - A case of complete spontaneous remission of CLL in a 76-year-old woman is reported. Despite the complete remission, the study of the peripheral blood T lymphocytic subsets by the aid of monoclonal antibodies has showed, however, that the ratio between helper-induced and suppressor cytotoxic T cells is still impaired (0.81) as we can see in overt B-CLL. The cause of the remission and its possible connection with the imbalanced distribution of the T lymphocytic subsets is discussed. PMID- 6224389 TI - The effect of spinal analgesia on skin blood flow, evaluated by laser Doppler flowmetry. AB - Changes in skin blood flow provoked by spinal analgesia were evaluated by laser Doppler flowmetry. This method permits a continuous and noninvasive measurement of the microvascular flow in the superficial skin layer. All recordings were made under control environmental conditions on 40 patients submitted to transurethral resection. During spinal analgesia a significant (P less than 0.001) reduction in skin blood flow was obtained in the shoulder and chest, while an increase (P less than 0.001) in skin blood flow was seen in the lower part of the body. In the postoperative period these changes still persisted, although they were less significant, indicating the individual duration of analgesia. The relations between intra-individual relative changes in skin blood flow and skin temperature during spinal analgesia were found to be virtually uncorrelated. Laser Doppler flowmetry seems to be a useful tool in the further evaluation of the influence of spinal analgesia on the extent of the associated sympathetic blockade. PMID- 6224390 TI - The peroperative use of the mobile gamma camera for the localization of spinal osteoid osteoma. PMID- 6224391 TI - Bone scintigraphy in the diagnosis of fracture and infection of the temporal bone. AB - The sensitivity of 99mTc-MDP-bone-scintigraphy in the diagnosis of temporal bone fracture was found equal to that of conventional radiography if the patients were examined 10 days after the trauma. Temporal bone osteomyelitis with concomitant moderate osteosclerosis was demonstrated by bone scintigraphy in 5 cases of mastoiditis with atypical symptoms. A case of apicitis was for the first time demonstrated by scintigraphy. A low sensitivity of 67Ga-scintigraphy was demonstrated by positive 99mTc-bone-scintigraphy and negative 67Ga-scintigraphy in a patient with atypical mastoiditis. 99mTc-scintigraphy was negative in 5 cases of otitis media suppurativa and in 3 cases of otitis media chronica cum cholesteatoma, all with slight degree of osteosclerosis in the mastoid. The sensitivity of 99mTc-bone-scintigraphy in fracture and osteomyelitis of the temporal bone seems to be a function of the amount of reactive new bone formed. PMID- 6224392 TI - Characterization of two strains of selectively bred guinea-pigs. I. Skin transplantation experiments and screening for erythrocyte enzyme polymorphism. AB - Two strains of guinea-pigs selectively bred for either high (IMM/S) or low (IMM/R) responsiveness to ovalbumin-induced respiratory anaphylaxis were examined for genetic homogenicity by skin transplantation experiments and screened for polymorphism of erythrocyte enzymes (alkaline phosphatase, carbonic anhydrase, esterase D, and phosphoglucomutase). According to the transplantation data it can be concluded that the brother x sister matings have resulted in lines of guinea pigs with a high degree of genetic homogenicity. The results from the typing of polymorphic enzymes showed that only phosphoglucomutase exhibited different allelic forms among the tested animals, but no correlation was found between this polymorphism and responsiveness to ovalbumin. PMID- 6224394 TI - Influence of para-chlorophenylalanine on the memory-facilitating effect of central stimulants. AB - In experiments with albino rats, trained and tested for memory after 24 hours in a multiunit semiautomated maze, it was found that the following drugs: para chlorophenylalanine (pCPA) in a dose of 300 mg/kg i. p. 24 hours before training caffeine--5 mg/kg i. p. 5 min before training or 20 mg/kg i. p. immediately after training, strychnine--1 mg/kg i. p. 5 min before or immediately after training and amphetamine--1 mg/kg i. p. 15 min before and immediately after training, facilitate learning and/or the memory of the experimental animals. Combined application of pCPA and the central stimulants studied (in the doses and schedules indicated) potentiates the learning- and memory-facilitating effect of the stimulants. It is assumed that the lowered cerebral serotonin activity is essential for the manifestation of the memory effects of the central stimulants and for the optimum course of the processes responsible for the formation and storage of the memory traces. PMID- 6224393 TI - HLA-DR antigens and Fc gamma receptors in fetal and infant thymus, examined by a double-marker technique. AB - HLA-DR antigens and receptors for the Fc part of IgG (Fc gamma R) were examined in cryostat sections and imprints of 12 thymuses from fetuses, infants and children. A double-marker technique, with an anti-T cell serum produced in rabbit and the monoclonal antibody OKIal, was used to study the localization of the thymocytes and the HLA-DR antigens. Membrane-bound HLA-DR antigens were found on about 5% of the thymocytes. A larger proportion of the thymocytes were surrounded by HLA-DR-positive material, probably associated with the thymic epithelial cells. Fc gamma R detected by human aggregated IgG were found on most epithelial cells, but only on a few thymocytes. However, in some areas Fc gamma R were demonstrated on most of the cells stained by the anti-T cell serum. A similar pattern for staining of Fc gamma R was obtained using an anti-Fc gamma R serum produced in rabbit. Fc gamma R were detected on one-third to one-half of the OKT3+ or OKT8+ thymocytes, but only on a few OKT4+ cells. Fc gamma R were present on nearly all the OKT6+ thymocytes at 11 weeks of gestation, whereas in thymuses from older individuals only a few OKT6+ cells had Fc gamma R. The proportions of double-stained cells did not vary much in fetuses older than 14 weeks of gestation, in infants or in children. The results indicate that HLA-DR antigens and Fc gamma R are not correlated to any specific stage of cell maturation. PMID- 6224395 TI - Depo-medroxy progesterone acetate as an adjunctive treatment in three aggressive schizophrenic patients. PMID- 6224396 TI - Clinically important side effects of long-term lithium treatment: a review. PMID- 6224397 TI - Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in cerebrospinal fluid. AB - Levels of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were measured by radioreceptor assay (RRA) in 25 normal controls and in 121 patients with various central nervous system disorders. CSF-GABA levels could be measured down to 5 pmoles/ml reliably by this assay. In normal controls, the mean (+/- SEM) GABA level in CSF was 127 +/- 5.2 pmoles/ml. There was no correlation between age, sex and the CSF-GABA level in normal controls. The lowest CSF-GABA level, which was 60 +/- 6.0 pmoles/ml, was observed in alcoholic patients suffering from cerebellar ataxia. The CSF-GABA levels were quite low in patients with Alzheimer's disease, late cortical cerebellar atrophy, neuro-Behcet's syndrome, olivopontocerebellar atrophy, Huntington's chorea, Parkinson's disease and cerebral hemorrhage. On the other hand, the CSF-GABA levels of meningitis patients were significantly increased. These findings suggest that measuring the CSF-GABA level is quite beneficial in the diagnosis and pathophysiological determinations of some diseases. PMID- 6224398 TI - Histochemical studies on enzyme-digested protein plugs of patients with chronic pancreatitis: a preliminary report. AB - Sulfated acidic mucopolysaccharides have been found to be significant components of "protein plugs" in patients with chronic pancreatitis. The precise identification of the mucopolysaccharides and their distribution within the protein plugs may clarify the pathogenesis of the plugs. Pure pancreatic juice from five patients with chronic pancreatitis was obtained by endoscopic retrograde catheterization of the papilla of Vater. Enzymes for digestion of the plugs included hyaluronidase of the bovine testes and streptomyces hyalurolyticus, chondroitinase ABC and AC, and sialidase (neuraminidase). Our study indicated that: I) Sialic acid is distributed throughout the plugs and may be a major component, followed by a lesser amount of chondroitin sulfate B. 2) Chondroitin sulfate A, C, D and E and chondroitin may be minor components. 3) Hyaluronic acid is negligible in the plugs. PMID- 6224399 TI - [Molecular interactions of membrane proteins and erythrocyte deformability]. PMID- 6224400 TI - Proprioceptive-motor circuits governing striated muscles. Structure, function and disorders. PMID- 6224401 TI - The in vitro generation of effector lymphocytes and their employment in tumor immunotherapy. PMID- 6224402 TI - Radionuclide bone scanning in neuroblastoma: skeletal metastases and primary tumor localization of 99mTc-MDP. AB - Of 42 radionuclide bone scans in 35 children with neuroblastoma, 21 were abnormal for the presence of skeletal metastases. Of the 21 abnormal scans, 16 were corroborated by positive bone-marrow biopsy or clinical data. The false-negative and false-positive rates for bone scanning were 4.8% and 9.5%, respectively. Calcification of the primary tumor was seen on pretreatment computed tomographic (CT) scans in 24 (89%) of 27 cases, while only 13 (48%) of 27 were detectable by plain radiographs. Uptake of technetium-99m methylene diphosphate (99mTc-MDP) by the primary tumor occurred in 20 of 27 cases, but correlation between tumor uptake and calcification was not statistically significant. All children with markedly elevated urinary vanillylmandelic acid exhibited primary tumor uptake. Survival was not affected independently by primary tumor uptake. PMID- 6224404 TI - Use of a modified lunderquist guide wire for percutaneous transluminal renal angioplasty. PMID- 6224403 TI - Detection of ureteral obstruction on radionuclide bone scans. AB - The kidneys are nearly always visible on a routine radionuclide bone scan. To assess the reliability of the bone scan in detecting ureteral obstruction, 220 bone scans and excretory urograms were compared in 53 patients followed serially for prostatic cancer. There were 15 kidneys obstructed on excretory urograms. Only nine were diagnosed as obstructed on the bone scans. Seven of the nine cases of unilaterally obstructed kidneys were detected, whereas only two of the six kidneys in three patients with bilateral obstruction were correctly diagnosed. The results indicate that unilateral obstruction is more likely to be detected, whereas bilateral obstruction is more likely to be missed, on bone scans. Therefore, the routine radionuclide bone scan is an unreliable test for ureteral obstruction. PMID- 6224405 TI - Double-blind study of effects of enkephalinase inhibitor on adverse reactions to myelography. AB - The side effects in myelography are well known and frequently observed. The most common are headache, nausea, and vomiting. In this study, a rather new compound, Thiorphan, was examined, which displays an antinociceptive activity by inhibiting enkephalinase activity. Forty-two patients received intravenous infusions of Thiorphan before myelography. Another 42 patients were in a control group, and Thiorphan was not administered. In the treated group, postmyelographic headache was found in 24% (versus 52% in the control group). Nausea and vomiting were never seen. Low back pain or sciatica was diminished in 33% of cases. Enkephalin levels in cerebrospinal fluid were measured by a radioreceptor-assay method in both groups without any correlation. PMID- 6224406 TI - Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty in arteriosclerotic internal carotid artery stenosis. AB - Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) of carotid arteries has been rarely reported. Dilatation of internal carotid artery stenosis has so far been performed only for fibromuscular dysplasia. Because of the risk of cerebral embolization the technique has not been used for arteriosclerotic stenosis, particularly since endarterectomy is known as a safe procedure. Three cases are reported of successful dilatation of arteriosclerotic internal carotid artery stenosis. A neurologic complication occurred in one patient. The primary indication for performing PTA in such cases is limited operability for medical reasons. PMID- 6224407 TI - Transluminal angioplasty of stenotic carotid arteries: case reports and protocol. AB - Transluminal angioplasty of the carotid artery was successfully performed without complications in two patients, one with a stenotic internal carotid artery and one with a stenotic common carotid artery. Effectiveness of the procedure was proven by amelioration of common carotid flow. The authors outline factors to be considered in selecting patients for this procedure, including the particular cerebrovascular pathogenesis, type of stenotic lesion, clinical indications, and technique and materials used for dilatation. PMID- 6224408 TI - Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of the external carotid artery. AB - Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty was used to treat stenotic lesions in 10 external carotid arteries in nine patients. Four representative cases are described. Nine arteries were successfully dilated. One attempt failed because the catheter could not be passed through the stenosis. Spasm of the distal external carotid artery due to guide wire-catheter manipulation was seen in six patients. No serious complications were encountered. PMID- 6224410 TI - [Specificity of cell-mediated cytotoxicity. II. Cytotoxic lymphocytes after in vitro allogeneic sensitization in the H-2 system]. AB - Allogeneic intraperitoneal immunization in vivo leads to induction of cytotoxic lymphocytes. The cytotoxic reaction of these lymphocytes is specific in vitro against thymocytes as target cells and depends on identical private determinants of stimulator and target cell haplotype. Cross reactions are not observed in this model with H-2 incompatible haplotypes as target cells, also no autoreactivity is found. But if effector cells are used after stimulation in a mixed lymphocyte culture and mitogen stimulated spleen cells as target cells, cross reaction are generally found and autoreactivity too. Conditions of the trial determine the results. In vivo and in vitro induced effector cells destroy thymocytes as well as spleen cell blasts. The type of target cell does not influence the specificity of the cytotoxic reaction. Only in vivo induced effector cells react specifically. PMID- 6224409 TI - Transluminal angioplasty in postsurgical stenosis of the extracranial carotid artery. AB - Transluminal angioplasty of the common carotid artery was beneficial in a patient with postendarterectomy recurrent stenosis due to fibrous myointimal hyperplasia. This lesion is the major cause of restenosis within the first 24 postoperative months and has histologic characteristics quite favorable for angioplasty with minimal possibility for embolic complications. Since surgery is a proven procedure with low morbidity/mortality for most patients, the authors believe transluminal angioplasty for carotid restenosis should be limited to surgically inaccessible lesions or patients presenting unacceptable operative risk, as in the case described. PMID- 6224411 TI - [Biochemical processes on membranes during lymphocyte stimulation]. AB - A conformational change of the antigen receptors takes place with the help of macrophages, T helper cells and soluble factors after antigen binding. This conformational change may result in the following reactions: a) activation of a receptor-associated enzyme system b) influence on the lipid matrix and indirect activation of membrane-associated enzyme systems or influence on the cell metabolism by changing the ion flux c) activation of the cytoskeleton with following movements of the ligand-receptor-complexes and indirect activation of cytoskeleton-associated enzyme systems or influence on the metabolism by changing the ion flux. The adenylate cyclase (phosphorylating cascade) or the proteases (limited proteolysis of inactive proenzymes) may be the enzyme systems with regulatory effect which can be activated. PMID- 6224412 TI - [Lymphocyte populations in the peripheral blood of patients with various types of bronchial asthma]. AB - By the aid of rosette techniques (Etotal-, early-, stable-, active-, avid-, mouse erythrocyte-rosettes) different populations of lymphocytes in peripheral blood from 68 patients with Asthma bronchiale (20 exogen-allergic, 17 infect-induced, 16 mixed-type, 15 non-classifiable) were investigated. The total number of lymphocytes was reduced, exceptionally in cases of infect-induced Asthma bronchiale. The number of T-cells was reduced in the exogen-allergic, infect induced type and especially in the mixed-type of Asthma bronchiale, whereas the number of B-cells did not differ from the normal values (30 healthy persons). Within the population of T-cells the number of so-called active rosettes was slightly diminished in exogen-allergic and significantly decreased in infect induced and mixed-types. Relations between immunodeficiency and Asthma bronchiale are discussed. PMID- 6224413 TI - [Detection of stimulator-induced cytotoxicity of human mononuclear cells in short term culture]. AB - A new test modification for the detection of stimulant-induced cytotoxicity of human mononuclear blood cells is described. Papain-treated human erythrocytes were used as indicator cells. The effector cells were lymphocytes. The ratio of target cells to effector cells was 10/1. Haemoglobin as a marker of lysis of the erythrocytes, released in the supernatant, was measured quantitatively in form of its pseudoperoxidase-activity. PHA, ConA and tannic acid were ascertained and tested as stimulants of cytotoxicity. The reaction was inhibitable by anti-human lymphocyte-globulin. The test conditions were optimized in regard to incubation time, -temperature, -vessels, culture medium and target cells. The technique is easy to manipulate, has only slight pretensions to the equipment of the laboratory and appears to be very effective. We recommend to apply this method of stimulant-induced cytotoxicity within the detection of the immune state, especially in the progress of immunopathological diseases and the analysis of efficiency of immunosuppressive therapy. PMID- 6224414 TI - [Migration and adhesiveness of human and rabbit blood leukocytes under the influence of metabolic blocking agents and hirudin]. AB - The adherence inhibition by lymphokines and by hirudin do not correspond to another, in the first case it is connected with a migration inhibition, the second with a slight increase of migration. There are significant differences between granulocytes and lymphocytes in relation to adherence and migration caused by the influence of inhibitors on the metabolism. The possible reason is the different basic metabolism of these two kinds of cells. But the two inhibitors of glycolysis NaF and monoiodoacetic acid acts in a similar way as inhibitors on the migration of granulocytes and lymphocytes. The negative influence of hirudin on the adherence of lymphocytes and the promoting effect in the migration experiments account for participation of components of the coagulation system in both cell functions. Possibly mechanisms of the attachment are directly concerned. From the wide conformity of the experiments with metabolism inhibitors and reactions of cell-mediated immunity under influence of lymphokines we like to conclude that lymphokine-caused migration inhibition and adherence inhibition were produced by an impairement of metabolism. PMID- 6224415 TI - T8 chronic lymphocytic leukemia. A distinctive disorder related to T8 lymphocytosis. AB - A case of T chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) was first suspected on histologic and cytochemical examination of a splenectomy specimen. Later the patient became frankly leukemic with an E+/T3+/T8+/T4- phenotype. From our case and other reported cases of T-CLL studied with monoclonal antisera, the authors conclude that there are significant clinical and morphologic differences between T4 CLL and T8 CLL. In contrast to T4 CLL, T8 CLL characteristically presents with relatively low lymphocyte counts, little organ involvement, and often only discreet bone marrow involvement, and has a long clinical course. The leukemic cells are often large and have abundant cytoplasm with azurophilic granules. Similar features in cases reported as T8 lymphocytosis with neutropenia lead us to consider both entities part of a spectrum of the same disorder. PMID- 6224416 TI - T helper-suppressor cell imbalance in pyoderma gangrenosum, with relapsing polychondritis and corneal keratolysis. AB - We found decreased T helper/inducer and increased T suppressor/cytotoxic cells in a 45-year-old woman with pyoderma gangrenosum. Serum immunoglobulin levels were normal, suggesting that these T suppressor cells did not function primarily to regulate antibody synthesis. The patient had diminished cutaneous delayed hypersensitivity responses, reacting to only one of six antigens tested, but responded in vitro to three of three antigens. Because of their various regulatory functions, excess T suppressor cells, or a lack of T helper cells, could be a common factor underlying many of the humoral and cell-mediated immune derangements, as well as the neutrophil abnormalities, that have been found in pyoderma gangrenosum. Our patient also had relapsing polychondritis and corneal keratolysis, consistent with the systemic nature of the disorder. The T-cell imbalance persisted even as the ulcer improved. Since monoclonal antibodies against T cell subpopulations are readily available, measuring these cell types as part of the immunological workup of patients with pyoderma gangrenosum might yield valuable clues concerning the pathogenesis of this disorder. PMID- 6224418 TI - Host factors in bacteremia. AB - Host factors in bacteremia can be divided into nonspecific and specific immune responses. The main components of the nonspecific immune response of the host are phagocytes and complement, and those of the specific response are immunoglobulin and cell-mediated immunity. All of these factors work in concert to protect against bacteria in the bloodstream. Immunoprophylaxis and immunotherapy have come about as a result of growing awareness of the importance of natural host defenses in combating serious bacterial infections. Although the prognosis for patients with bacteremia has improved substantially with recent advances in antibiotic therapy and supportive care, morbidity and mortality rates remain significant. Modulation of the immune system appears to be a promising means of improving the survival rate of patients with bacteremia. PMID- 6224419 TI - Effective retreatment of patients with colorectal cancer and liver metastases. AB - Twenty-two patients with colorectal cancer and metastatic liver disease in whom systemic intravenous therapy with 5-fluorouracil previously had failed were given fluorodeoxyuridine and mitomycin C by hepatic arterial infusion. Ten of the 22 patients (45.4 percent) had a partial response and median survival of 14 months, as opposed to a median survival of six months among the 12 patients who did not have response to the treatment (p = 0.02). Hepatic arterial occlusion was effected in seven of the 10 patients who responded and in seven of the 12 nonresponding patients. Such manipulation of hepatic arterial blood flow did not have a significant effect on the survival duration in either group. Retreatment of patients with colon cancer and liver metastases by hepatic arterial infusion of fluorodeoxyuridine and mitomycin C can result in significant prolongation of survival in patients with response to this treatment. PMID- 6224417 TI - Juvenile GM2 gangliosidosis (AMB variant): inability to activate hexosaminidase A by activator protein. AB - Two sibling from a consanguineous Puerto Rican marriage were found to have a juvenile-onset type of lipidosis first noted at age 2 1/2 by expressing difficulties with motor function and developmental delay. They continued to deteriorate, showing muscle atrophy, spasticity, and loss of speech, and death occurred at ages 7 and 8. Examination of the brains from these patients revealed that the concentration of GM2 ganglioside was about 56% of the total gangliosides. Hexosaminidase and percent hexosaminidase A (HEX A) and other lysosomal enzymes were normal in cultured skin fibroblasts, liver, and brain. The concentration of the activator protein required for the enzymatic hydrolysis of GM2 ganglioside was in high normal levels in the brain of the patient available. However, the HEX A from the patient's brain and liver as well as from skin fibroblast lysates could not be activated to hydrolyze GM2 ganglioside by the activator protein from a control or himself. The HEX A from a control could be activated by the activator protein from controls or this patient. These patients appear to have a defect in HEX A, which does not affect it heat stability, electrophoretic migration, and activity toward fluorogenic substrates, but may affect the binding of the activator protein required for GM2 ganglioside hydrolysis. We propose to call these patients the AMB variant of GM2 gangliosidosis to denote the mutation in HEX A but with normal levels of HEX A and B with synthetic substrates. This is to distinguish these patients from those missing the activator protein and normal HEX A and B levels. PMID- 6224420 TI - Self-limited autosomal recessive syndrome of skin ulceration, arthroosteolysis with pseudoacromegaly, keratitis, and oligodontia in a Kirghizian family. AB - We report on a previously apparently undescribed Puretic syndrome-like self limited autosomal recessive disorder with onset in infancy and running its course by 11 yr in five sibs in a Kirghizian family with recurrent skin ulceration, arthralgias, fever, fistulous osteolysis around joints, oligodontia, nail dystrophy and keratitis with visual impairment or blindess in three of the five affected sibs. Affected hands and feet acquire a pseudoacromegalic appearance; fingers become clawed; involvement of growth plates around knees may lead to asymmetrical shortness with secondary scoliosis. Slow but normal healing during and after the course of the disease leaves severe cicatrization and chronic arthroses. No other organ system is involved, intellect is normal, and health and reproductive capacity are otherwise unimpaired. We propose the name Kirghizian dermatoosteolysis for this condition. PMID- 6224421 TI - Biochemical defect of non-keratan-sulfate-excreting Morquio syndrome. AB - Two children of second-cousin parents were found to have a very mild form of Morquio syndrome. The 14-year-old boy was 147 cm tall and had fine corneal deposits, a broad chest, dislocated hips, and flat feet. His 7-year-old sister had a broad chest but otherwise normal physical development. An abnormal lumbar spine was seen in radiographs of both children. Analysis of the urine from the affected children showed levels of acid mucopolysaccharides (AMPS) up to twice as high as that found in normal urine, but no evidence of keratosulfaturia. Most urinary AMPS was chondroitin-6-sulfate. Multiple assays of N-acetylgalactosamine 6-sulfate (GalNAc-6-SO4) sulfatase in leukocytes and cultured skin fibroblasts showed deficiency of this enzyme in the range found in the classical form of Morquio (Morquio A) syndrome. This report identifies an enzymatic defect in one form of non-keratan-sulfate-excreting Morquio (NKSE Morquio) syndrome and confirms the absence of keratosulfaturia in this mild form of Morquio disease. PMID- 6224422 TI - Trisomy 21 from an aid pregnancy: questions regarding management. PMID- 6224423 TI - Risk of Down syndrome among second- and third-degree relatives of a proband with trisomy 21. AB - Previous studies indicate that parents who have had one child with trisomy 21 have an increased risk of having another affected child. To establish whether sibs, aunts, uncles, and cousins of an index case with trisomy 21 are also at increased risk for having an affected child, 219 kindreds of trisomy 21 probands were surveyed and compared with a control group of 247 kindreds. Control kindreds were ascertained through a child with a nonchromosomal disorder. Empiric risks were obtained and a risk interval calculated for each type of relationship. The results of this study suggest that for most families who have had a child with trisomy 21, the risk to second- and third-degree relatives is increased somewhat but still low (less than 1%). Analysis of those rare families who present with one or more affected second- or third-degree relative with trisomy 21 in addition to the proband suggests that they represent a small subpopulation with a markedly increased risk. Sibs and second-degree relatives in such families should be offered the option of amniocentesis, regardless of maternal age. PMID- 6224424 TI - Technology in the education of multiply-handicapped children. AB - The number of technical aids now available has allowed severely multiply handicapped children to better participate in their education. Project TEACH (Technical-Educational Aids for Children with Handicaps), a 3-year early childhood demonstration project of the Federal Office of Education, provided ten children with seating systems, mobility aids, feeding devices, and augmentative communication aids. The children's performance of academic, motor, daily living, and communication skills as they relate to their educational program is reported as well as the model used to deliver technical services in an educational environment. PMID- 6224425 TI - A review of proprioception in extraocular muscles. AB - The controversial literature concerning the presence or absence of extraocular muscle proprioception is reviewed under the headings of anatomical, physiological, and psychophysical evidence. The principal area of confusion, namely whether to expect conscious awareness of proprioceptive information, is a problem also faced by researchers dealing with general skeletal muscle proprioception. It is unlikely that extraocular muscle proprioception will be understood in isolation from the proprioceptive mechanisms of the rest of the body. PMID- 6224426 TI - Influence of antibody avidity on glomerular immune complex localization. AB - Immune-complex-mediated glomerulonephritis (IC-GN) was induced with daily intraperitoneal injections of horse apoferritin (HAF) for varying intervals in Swiss albino and BALB/c mice. Anti-HAF antibody avidity in plasma pools from mice with predominantly mesangial immune deposits was compared with avidity in plasma pools from mice with predominantly capillary wall deposits. Plasma from Swiss mice having predominantly mesangial deposits after 7 or 14 days of HAF had higher avidities than plasma from Swiss mice with predominantly capillary wall deposits after 14 days or more than 28 days of HAF. Plasma from BALB/c mice with exclusively mesangial deposits after 7 days of HAF had higher avidity than plasma from BALB/c mice with predominantly capillary wall deposits after 14 or more days of HAF. Therefore, there was a correlation between glomerular site of immune deposition and avidity of circulating anti-HAF antibodies, with higher avidity antibodies associated with mesangial immune deposits and lower avidity antibodies with capillary wall deposits. PMID- 6224428 TI - Pulmonary hypertension and ECG changes from monocrotaline pyrrole in the rat. AB - Chemically synthesized monocrotaline pyrrole (MCTP) was administered to adult male rats at a dose of 5 mg/kg in the tail vein. Controls received an equivalent volume of dimethylformamide vehicle. Rats were killed at 3, 5, 7, 10, and 14 days after treatment. Bronchopulmonary lavage fluid lactate dehydrogenase activity and lung weight were significantly elevated at 4 and 7 days, respectively, after MCTP, indicating that pulmonary damage had occurred. White blood cell count was elevated 7 days after treatment. Mean pulmonary arterial pressure was also first elevated in treated (22 +/- 3 mmHg) compared with control (16 +/- 1 mmHg) animals 7 days after treatment. Right ventricle-to-left ventricle plus septum weight ratios were significantly increased in treated (0.429 +/- 0.015) vs. control (0.320 +/- 0.015) animals 14 days after treatment. Development of right heart enlargement correlated with a shift in the QRS complex mean electrical axis in the frontal plane of the electrocardiogram. These results indicate that MCTP produces effects similar to that caused by monocrotaline, that pulmonary arterial pressure increases from control levels between 5 and 7 days after treatment, and that measurement of mean electrical axis of the electrocardiogram may be a useful, noninvasive method to monitor MCTP-induced cardiac changes in vivo. PMID- 6224427 TI - An active model of immune complex glomerulonephritis in the rat employing cationized antigen. AB - An active model of in situ immune complex glomerulonephritis involving a cationic antigen was established. Three weeks after immunization with human IgG, the left kidneys of Wistar rats were perfused with 100 micrograms of cationized human IgG (pI greater than 9.5) via the left renal artery. At this time the animals exhibited a mean serum concentration of 0.58 +/- 0.33 mg anti-human IgG antibody per milliliter. Renal tissue was examined at regular intervals by immunofluorescence, light, and electron microscopy thereafter. Cationized human IgG and rat IgG were distributed along the glomerular capillary wall in a pattern that became increasingly granular with time; rat C3 was also present. Histologically, a severe proliferative lesion was seen with crescent formation in 10-20% of the glomeruli; adhesions of glomerular tufts to Bowman's capsule were common and with time spike formation in the glomerular basement membrane became very prominent. Extensive subepithelial dense deposits were seen by electron microscopy. Proteinuria was present in 19 of 26 animals within 24 hours, and in 30 of 31 by Day 7. Protein excretion fell from Day 14 onward, but some animals exhibited chronic proteinuria. The model described here represents another situation in which cationic antigens can induce subepithelial immune complexes, namely, the rapid release of small quantities of antigen into a previously sensitized host. This sequence could well mirror the events occurring in nature more closely than the previously described passive in situ model. PMID- 6224429 TI - Capillarity and fiber types in the cremaster muscle of rat and hamster. AB - We determined muscle fiber type and capillarity in cremaster muscle samples from rats and hamsters of different ages. Histochemical estimation of oxidative capacity was made from the activity of either nicotinamide dinucleotide tetrazolium reductase (NADH-TR) or succinic dehydrogenase (SDH), and fibers were termed fast or slow from myofibrillar ATPase activity. Fibers were classified as type I (low ATPase, high NADH-TR/SDH), type IIa (high ATPase, high SDH/NADH-TR), type IIb (high ATPase, low SDH/NADH-TR), or type IIc (no acid reversal of ATPase, high NADH-TR). Type IIb fibers accounted for 60-80% of the muscle area in both species at all ages. The principal change with maturation was muscle fiber hypertrophy. Mean cross-sectional fiber area increased from 488 +/- 70 (SE) and 453 +/- 19 micron2 in young hamsters and rats, respectively, to 1,255 +/- 99 and 1,540 +/- 101 micron2 in adults. Capillary density (no. of capillaries/mm2 tissue) paralleled fiber hypertrophy; it decreased significantly with maturation from 684 +/- 60 (SE) to 228 +/- 26/mm2 in hamsters and from 341 +/- 15 to 213 +/- 15/mm2 in rats. In vitro estimates of capillary density are compared with previously obtained in vivo data (31), and sources of error are identified. We conclude that reported differences in microvascular function in the cremaster muscle in vivo during maturation or between species cannot be ascribed to changes in muscle composition. PMID- 6224430 TI - Seasonal acclimatization in American goldfinches: the role of the pectoralis muscle. AB - The present study attempts to assess whether the marked seasonal changes in the capacity for shivering thermogenesis in American goldfinches (Carduelis tristis) involve adjustments of metabolic pathways of the pectoralis muscles similar to those observed in mammalian muscle in response to endurance training, i.e., changes favoring increased reliance on fatty acid oxidation and decreased utilization of carbohydrate reserves. Analysis of seasonal changes in enzyme profile of the pectoralis muscle revealed that winter-acclimatized birds have significantly greater (P less than 0.05) activities of phosphorylase, phosphofructokinase, and beta-hydroxy-acyl-CoA dehydrogenase than do birds in other seasons. The activities of citrate synthase and hexokinase do not vary seasonally. These results differ fundamentally from the pattern of changes in enzyme activities associated with endurance adaptation in mammals. Furthermore no seasonal changes were observed in capacities for the oxidation of fatty acids (palmitate and linoleate) or pyruvate in either crude homogenates or isolated mitochondria of goldfinch pectoralis muscles. The oxidation of pyruvate by isolated pectoralis muscle mitochondria was inhibited (greater than 90%) by the oxidation of palmitoyl carnitine at palmitoyl carnitine concentrations as low as 50 microM. These data agree with physiological observations indicating little use of glucose by this tissue during steady-state shivering. However, the extent of this inhibition does not vary seasonally. Therefore the present study fails to document any significant seasonal change in the catabolic pathways of the pectoralis muscle that would link observed seasonal changes in capacity for shivering thermogenesis with a shift in the balance of substrate use by this tissue. PMID- 6224431 TI - Lymphocyte subsets defined by monoclonal antibodies in human pregnancy. AB - Using monoclonal antibodies, indirect immunofluorescence, and flow cytometry, the proportions and absolute numbers of various lymphocyte subsets in peripheral blood have been measured in normal human pregnancy. Groups of ten women were studied at 12, 28, and 36 weeks of gestation and compared with 16 nonpregnant control women. The percentage of T cells (OKT3+) was constant throughout pregnancy, and this was confirmed in three women studied serially prior to and throughout early pregnancy. A slight fall in the proportion of helper cells (OKT4+) and rise in the proportion of suppressor cells (OKT8+) was observed at 12 and 28 weeks, but these changes, and the resulting fall in helper/suppressor ratio, were not statistically significant. Absolute lymphocyte counts determined by white cell count and differential were lower during pregnancy. The absolute numbers of T cells, helper cells, suppressor cells, and Ia-bearing cells (mainly B cells) were significantly lower at 36 weeks' gestation. T cells and helper cells were significantly reduced in absolute number at 12 weeks' gestation. There was no change in the ratio of T cells to B cells at any stage of gestation. The lack of any significant change in the balance between helper and suppressor cells in peripheral blood suggests that these cells are not important in the immune adaptation to pregnancy. PMID- 6224432 TI - Aortic graft-enteric and paraprosthetic-enteric fistulas. AB - Gastrointestinal hemorrhage is often a late manifestation of an aortoenteric fistula. Warning symptoms may include back or abdominal pain, fever, anemia, hematochezia, or melena. This entity results from erosion of the gastrointestinal tract by an adjacent vascular prosthesis. A paraprosthetic-enteric fistula represents a step in the formation of a true aortoenteric communication. Aggressive diagnostic studies, including endoscopy, aortography, barium contrast, computerized axial tomography, and radionuclide scanning, may allow earlier diagnosis and correction than have occurred in the past. Treatment should include graft excision, closure of the bowel defect, appropriate antibiotic therapy, and extraanatomic revascularization if collateral flow is not adequate. Our experience with 21 patients has illustrated the high mortality rate (74 percent) when operative treatment is delayed until massive hemorrhage occurs. PMID- 6224433 TI - Prolene sutures are not a significant factor in anastomotic false aneurysms. AB - Anastomotic false aneurysms have been a significant complication in vascular surgery, and the sutures used have been a major cause. Monofilament sutures have been indicated as contributing to the formation of false aneurysm. However, most of the monofilament sutures operative in the formation of false aneurysms have been made of polyethylene. Polypropylene, although significantly different from polyethylene, has been associated and possibly confused with it. Very few anastomotic aneurysms have resulted from breakage of polypropylene sutures. In this series of 2,400 vascular anastomoses in which polypropylene sutures were used, there were 10 false aneurysms; however, only one resulted from suture failure. In that patient, two Dacron grafts were anastomosed with 5-0 polypropylene suture. Polypropylene is a satisfactory and safe suture material for vascular anastomoses. It does not fragment or break easily when properly handled, and therefore is not a principal cause of false aneurysms. PMID- 6224434 TI - Emergency minilaparoscopy in abdominal trauma. An update. AB - In 106 cases of blunt abdominal trauma, the emergency minilaparoscope was used as a diagnostic tool. In 57 patients (53.5 percent), the findings proved to be negative. In 22 patients (20.8 percent), the laparoscopic findings were corroborated by exploration. But, in 27 instances (25.4 percent), minimal to moderate hemoperitoneum was found and the laparoscopic view indicated that these patients could be treated nonoperatively with close observation. None of these patients required subsequent exploration. There were no complications of laparoscopy which required surgical intervention. In our opinion, minilaparoscopy is more diagnostically accurate than lavage. It is a fast and safe examination which can be performed at the bedside with the patient under local anesthesia. The number of unnecessary abdominal explorations in severely injured patients can be reduced to a negligible figure, thus decreasing morbidity, hospitalization time, and costs. PMID- 6224435 TI - Immunoelectron microscopy related to T-cell monoclonal surface antigen in mycosis fungoides. AB - For the purpose of diagnosing and staging cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, the nuclear contour index and subsets of T-cells in the lesions were studied. Nuclear contour index measured in T-cells identified precisely with monoclonal pan-T antibody was found to be higher than nuclear contour index measured in T-cell-like cells with significant nuclear convolution. Nuclear contour index increased as the disease progressed from erythematous to tumor stage or to the Sezary syndrome. The relative ratio of suppressor cytotoxic T-cells to helper T-cells was higher in the early rather than late stage of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. PMID- 6224436 TI - Demonstration of a subpopulation of Ia+ T-helper cells in mycosis fungoides and the Sezary syndrome. AB - This is a report of the finding of a T-cell subpopulation bearing T-helper cells and Ia antigens in specimens of skin from patients with mycosis fungoides and the Sezary syndrome. Frozen sections of skin tissue from eight patients examined with monoclonal antibodies against mature T-cells, helper T-cells, suppressor T-cells, and Ia antigens exhibited similar staining patterns by a modified immunoperoxidase method. Antibodies against mature T-cells and helper T-cells stained 70-80% of the lymphocytes in the dermis. The antibody defining the phenotype of suppressor T-cells labelled 5-10% of the lymphocytes scattered throughout the lesions. Eighty to 90% of the lymphocytes took the stain for Ia antigen. Anti-thymocyte antibody (OKT6) stained cells in both the epidermis and dermis of the specimens. Of nonmalignant conditions examined, lesions from five cases of lichen planus exhibited a quantitatively different staining pattern than that of mycosis fungoides in that the number of T-helper cells was about equal to the number of T-suppressor cells. The findings reported are evidence for a homogeneous population of T-helper, Ia-positive lymphocytes in the cutaneous lesions of mycosis fungoides and the Sezary syndrome. PMID- 6224437 TI - [Posture and pain: "postural rheumatism"]. PMID- 6224439 TI - Muscle spindle supply in the pig masticatory muscles. AB - This histological study was designed to define the anatomical background of the neuromuscular control mechanism involved in the non-ruminant omnivorous mastication, focusing on the muscle spindle supply to each muscle belly of the jaw muscles of 3 pig fetuses (near term). The jaw-closing muscle averaged 427 muscle spindles, 566 spindles, 703 spindles on one side of the face respectively: 160, 203, 240 in the temporalis, 122, 160, 248 in the masseter, 128, 154, 193 in the medial pterygoid, and 16, 49, 21 in the zygomaticomandibularis. No spindles were in the lateral pterygoid and the jaw-opening muscles. PMID- 6224438 TI - Cutaneous reaction after atracurium. PMID- 6224440 TI - Histological and histochemical studies of the accessory genital glands of buffalo bull (Bubalis bubalis). AB - The vesicular, Prostate and bulbourethral glands of 38 buffalo-bulls were studied histologically and histochemically. These gland were tubulo-alveolar in type. The secretory units of the VG were lined by columnar and basal cells while those of PG and BG were lined by columnar or cuboidal cells. The glands were devoid of any glycogen or lipid. Although the PG and BG were mucoid in nature, the VG was free from neutral and acidic mucopolysaccharides. Some hydrolytic enzymes (ALKPase, ACPase, ATPase and Che) and one oxidative enzyme (SDH) were demonstrated in these glands. The results were discussed in the view of the available literature. PMID- 6224441 TI - The pig mesonephros. I. Enzyme histochemical observations on the segmentation of the nephron. AB - Cryostat sections from the mesonephros of various pig embryos with a crown-rump length of between 17 and 95 mm were used for light microscopical assays of acid hydrolases (acid phosphatase, beta-D-N-acetylglucosaminidase, beta-D glucuronidase), oxidoreductases (succinic dehydrogenase, NADH- and NADPH tetrazolium reductase) and adenosine triphosphatases (Mg2+- and Na+--K+-ATPase). Our main intention was to distinguish more accurately between the different parts of the pig's nephron, which is exceedingly long and coiled. The proximal tubule, that exhibits a high activity for acid phosphatase but none in beta-D glucuronidase incubations, shows no subsegmentation apart from a stronger reaction of its initial segment that was apparent in three of our assays. In the distal tubule, a preattachment convolution, an attachment zone, and a postattachment coil can be discriminated by a synopsis of all histiograms. The beginning of the collecting tubule is situated in the middle of the organ and not at its dorsal face as was previously believed. Up to three different segments can be discriminated in the collecting tubule. The distal and the collecting tubule harbor on ouabain-sensitive Na+--K+-ATPase activity which decreases considerably towards the Wolffian duct. The enzymatic maturation of the mesonephric pig nephron is almost completed in 17 mm embryos. PMID- 6224442 TI - The late phase skin reaction: paradigm or epiphenomena? PMID- 6224443 TI - [Lipoprotein (a)]. AB - Lp(a) or pre-beta 1-lipoprotein or Sinking pre-beta LP (SPB) is a special LP. Its very high density (1050 to 1120) means that it can be extracted from LDL and HDL. In common with the LDL, it possesses apo B and a similar size. It is characterized by the presence of specific apoproteins, non-immunoreactive albumin and a carbohydrate chain rich in sialic acid. Its transmission is hereditary; there is a major locus transmitted by autosomal dominant inheritance. Another hypothesis suggests that it is transmitted autosomally according to a polygenic mechanism for 75 p. cent of the molecule with superimposition of non-genetic elements for the rest. Lp(a) is not a product of Lp(b) metabolism; it is not transformed into any other LP and it does not exchange its apoproteins. Its synthesis is constant over time and its function is not yet known. Its assay depends on the antigenicity of the specific determinants of the apo Lp(a). Only radio-immunoassay is able to give values for any sample size especially for levels of less than 50 to 80 mg/l (respective limits of the EID and IDR techniques). It appears that a high Lp(a) level could constitute an additional risk to developing coronary heart disease and the limit beyond which this risk exists could be 300 mg/l in normolipidaemic subjects. The in vitro binding of LP to glycoaminoglycanes (GAG) could be a model for studying LP binding in vivo. It has been seen that, by the intermediary of a low concentration of Ca++ ions, the reactivity of Lp(a) to GAG was selective. PMID- 6224444 TI - [Treatment of septicemia with latamoxef. Multicentric study of 60 cases]. AB - Sixty patients including forty two males and eighteen females, age range: 18-87 years, received antibacterial single drug treatment with latamoxef for septicemia. Forty nine patients had underlying conditions including multiple trauma, neoplasm, cardiovascular, metabolic and respiratory tract diseases. Causative pathogens were isolated in all cases. The predominant isolates were E. coli (thirty), Klebsiella pneumoniae (tent) and Enterobacter (seven). A single organism was isolated in fifty seven cases; in the other three cases two organisms were isolated from blood cultures. Mean daily dosage was 46.6 +/- 6.1 mg . kg-1 (range: 14-113 mg . kg-1). In the majority of cases (fifty two) dosage was 3 g . d-1 or less; in thirty cases it was no higher than 2 g . d-1. Duration of therapy ranged from six to thirty eight days. Serum titer was measured in many cases and latamoxef blood levels were assayed in nine patients. A satisfactory clinical response was achieved in fifty eight cases and fifty eight bacteriological cures were also obtained. There was no statistically significant difference in therapeutic response between the 2 g and 3 g daily dosage groups. Tolerance was very good; untoward effects were few and required drug discontinuation in one case only. PMID- 6224445 TI - [A simple apparatus for quantitative evaluation of curarization]. PMID- 6224446 TI - Origin and kinetics of pulmonary macrophages during an inflammatory reaction induced by intra-alveolar administration of aerosolized heat-killed BCG. PMID- 6224447 TI - [Parasellar arachnoid cyst associated with precocious isosexual puberty. Computerized tomographic cisternography study using metrizamide]. PMID- 6224448 TI - Compensation for occupational disease. PMID- 6224449 TI - [Laparoscopic findings in the study of metastatic neoplasms of the abdomen]. PMID- 6224450 TI - [Clinico-experimental contribution on the role of mucopolysaccharides in homeostasis of the microcirculation]. PMID- 6224451 TI - Reappraisal of potential risks associated with low-level radiation. PMID- 6224452 TI - Induction of globin gene expression during erythroid cell differentiation. AB - We can provide increasing insight, albeit still incomplete, into the changes in MELC that accompany globin gene expression induced by polar chemicals, such as DMSO, and other agents. These transformed, CFUe-like erythroid precursor cells exhibit in their uninduced state, a DNA methylation pattern and globin gene (formula; see text) chromatin configuration (DNase I sensitivity) that is compatible with actual or potential gene transcription. Such features may reflect alterations in chromatin configuration that have occurred at a stage prior to leukemic transformation, during the differentiation of earlier erythroid precursor cells and associated with the restriction in developmental potential characteristic of progression to the CFUe (or MELC) stage of erythropoiesis. Uninduced MELC display a low level of globin gene transcription, producing globin mRNA or mRNA precursors whose processing or stabilization is the target of action of hemin. The major increase in MELC globin gene transcription that is initiated by DMSO, HMBA, or butyric acid, is accompanied by, and perhaps preceded by, an increase in DNase I hypersensitivity in the regions 5' to the active globin genes. This suggests that reorganization of chromatin structure in the globin gene domains is associated with accelerated globin gene transcription and may be characteristic of a developmental transition during terminal differentiation in the erythroid cell lineage. PMID- 6224453 TI - [Celioscopy in infertility: review of 372 cases]. PMID- 6224454 TI - [Familial continual desquamation]. PMID- 6224455 TI - Clinical utilization of injectable collagen. AB - The applications for an injectable, highly purified form of calfhide collagen (Zyderm Collagen Implant) were first described by Knapp et al in 1977. Since that time, the material has undergone evaluation in a nationwide clinical trial in which 728 physicians participated under a cooperative protocol. In these trials- which culminated in marketing clearance by the Food and Drug Administration--over 5,000 patients were treated for a variety of soft-tissue depressions resulting from surgery, atrophy, acne, viral pox, and aging. We participated in the clinical trial and have used injectable collagen in our practices since 1977 when the material was undergoing evaluation in California. We have treated over 400 patients with injectable collagen for a variety of facial cutaneous defects. The material has proved to be an effective tool for correction of certain soft-tissue defects not previously amenable to correction, and a useful surgical adjunct. Simplicity and safety are its major advantages. The persistence of correction afforded by injectable collagen is variable, but the majority of our patients have maintained improvement twelve or more months since the end of treatment. Hence we believe that there is a definite role for injectable collagen but that its long-term persistence must still be confirmed. This paper represents our state-of-the-art assessment of injectable collagen after six years of personal experience. PMID- 6224456 TI - Rectus abdominis deepithelialized musculocutaneous island flap as a silicone substitute in breast reconstruction. AB - The authors present a method for replacing silicone implants in breast reconstruction. The method is suitable in selected patients and consists of the rotation of a deepithelialized rectus abdominis musculocutaneous island flap to form the mammary mound. Two patients who had already had breast reconstruction but with insufficient volume underwent this surgery. PMID- 6224457 TI - The impact of legal termination of pregnancy and of prenatal diagnosis on the birth prevalence of Down syndrome in Denmark. AB - A considerable reduction in number of livebirths for mothers over 35 was observed in Denmark from 1960 to 1980. Birthrates for those aged 35-39 fell by 58.8%, for those aged 40-44 by 78%. In 1979-1980 100 infants with Down syndrome were born among 116757 newborns, a birth prevalence of 0.86 per 1000, which was significantly lower than the incidence of 1.17 per 1000 when the prenatally diagnosed cases were included. The reduction was noticeable for the age group over 35 where it fell to 1.89 per 1000 for mothers 35-39 and 6.48 per 1000 for mothers over 40. The utilization of prenatal diagnosis was 72 per 100 livebirths for women 35 and older in the Copenhagen area and 56 per 100 livebirths for the rest of the country, with differences in different areas. The number of induced abortions for women 35 years and older was 9265 against 6597 livebirths. The estimated number of Down syndrome cases averted by unrestricted abortion was 61, twice the number prevented by amniocentesis (31), with the greatest impact for mothers over 40. An increased risk of Down syndrome for the age group 35-39 was observed when liveborn and prenatal cases were considered together showing an incidence of 6.89 per 1000, with the highest incidence in the Copenhagen area, 8.70 per 1000, more than double the incidence of 3.04 observed in Copenhagen from 1960 to 1971, for the same age group. PMID- 6224458 TI - Production of immunosuppressive factor(s) by a weakly immunogenic fibrosarcoma T 241. AB - Earlier we have reported that the progressive growth of Lewis fibrosarcoma T241 in C57 BL/6J mice causes immunosuppression. Tumor-bearing mice were shown to possess suppressor T cells in the spleen and soluble immunosuppressive factors in the serum. The present study investigated the effect of supernatants from T241 cultures on the response of normal spleen cells to mitogens and antigens. When added to the cultures at time zero, these supernatants inhibited the proliferation responses induced with concanavalin A and phytohemagglutinin. The responses to allo-antigens in mixed lymphocyte cultures and cell-mediated lympholysis were also significantly suppressed (P less than 001). Each of these responses was suppressed in a dose-dependent manner. Predominantly associated with material possessing molecular weight of less than 10,000 daltons, the suppressive activity was completely lost by heating supernatants at 80 degrees C for 30 min. Thus, the presence of immunosuppressive materials in the culture fluids of T241 together with the occurrence of suppressor T cells and the humoral immuno-suppressive factor(s) in tumor-bearing mice are suggestive of a multifactorial mechanism whereby the growth of fibrosarcoma T241 causes immunodepression in the host. PMID- 6224459 TI - Immunity and the nervous system: basic tenets. PMID- 6224460 TI - Passive joint position sense after total hip replacement surgery. AB - Passive joint position sense was tested in 10 subjects after unilateral total hip replacement surgery (which included capsulectomy). Varied initial limb position, amplitude, and velocity of movement were used. The unoperated side was used as a control. Statistically barely significant errors (p less than 0.025) on the operated side were detected at 0.6 degrees per second but not at 2 degrees per second. No significant differences were noted among the different hip positions. The results indicate that the ability to detect passive hip joint position sense remains largely, but not completely, intact after hip joint replacement. The joint capsule, ligaments, and joint surfaces, although not essential for kinesthesia, may provide some limb movement and position information, the absence of which is not now clinically apparent. PMID- 6224461 TI - [Biological characteristics of spectinomycin-resistant strains of the tularemia pathogen]. AB - Sensitivity of 2 subspecies of the tularemia causative agent to spectinomycin, an aminoglycoside antibiotic, was studied in vitro. The MIC of the antibiotic with respect to strains 503/847 and Schu was 40 micrograms/ml and with respect to strain A-Cole 20 micrograms/ml. The frequency of spontaneous spectinomycin resistant mutants was low. The mutants grown on a medium containing spectinomycin in a concentration of 100 micrograms/ml were highly resistant to the antibiotic (at least 10000 micrograms/ml). By the main biological properties and virulence the spectinomycin resistant mutants did not differ from the initial strains. PMID- 6224462 TI - Further observations on the innervation of the proximal sesamoidean ligament of the horse and ox. AB - A vegetative innervation is described for the first time in this district. On the contrary, the finding of Pacini and pacini-like corpuscles, of Golgi Mazzoni's receptors, of muscle spindles and Golgi's tendon-organs testifies the existence of a sensitive innervation in this anatomical territory. According to Karamanlidis free nervous endings are not present. All the above recorded receptors show the typical structure and can be found isolated, grouped to constitute flower-sprays, organized to form opposito-polar corpuscles or associated to originate pecilomorphic fibers. These two last findings are new for this investigated anatomical territory. Moreover, the authors have described in the ox the so-called composed corpuscles previously observed by Ottolenghi (1931) and Karamanlidis in the horse. Finally, it has been demonstrated, contrary to the data reported by Karamanlidis, that the muscle spindles located in the ligament are always supplied with a nervous annulo-spiral termination which is centrally placed in the equatorial region. PMID- 6224463 TI - [Characteristics of the innervation of various muscles in the ear, nose and throat area]. AB - This study shows different aspects of the innervation of some striated muscles. It appears that neuromuscular spindles are not present in all skeletal muscles. Some muscles of the oto-rhino-laryngological region lack spindles whilst their direct antagonists possess them. Amongst the muscles of the external and middle ear, the soft palate and the larynx having opposite actions, there is in each case one muscle which does not have any spindles. These muscles then have only motor innervation. The muscles which have neuro-muscular spindles are innervated by nerves composed of extra- and intrafusal motor fibres and proprioceptive fibres. The neuro-muscular spindles play a servo-braking role in the muscle where they occur. They oppose then a certain passive elongation of the muscle. At the same time and in this manner, they contribute in controlling and restraining the action of the muscles or of their opponents. This role is particularly important for the various muscles of the oto-rhinolaryngological region and is all the more important since the amplitude of the movements which they cause is very weak. The presence of these spindles increases also the sensitivity and the delicacy of the desired movement, for the behaviour of these muscles is very special. PMID- 6224464 TI - [Changes of cellular contractile proteins associated with differentiation of leukemic cells]. AB - A myeloid leukemia cell line, M1, can be induced to differentiate to macrophages and gains motile and phagocytic functions which are not present before differentiation. The appearance of these differentiated functions were always accompanied with a loss of mitotic activity. It is well known that the intracellular contractile proteins play an important role in both cell motility and cytokinesis. Our question is, why the actomyosin system in the M1 cell line is utilized only for cell division and not for cell motility before differentiation, and why the opposite situation takes place after differentiation. Changes in contractile proteins hitherto revealed during the differentiation of this cell line are as follows: Actin; contents, synthetic rate, ability to polymerize, ratio of gamma-actin, activity to activate the myosin Mg2+ ATPase, and binding to plasma membrane all showed an increase after differentiation. Changes in the chemical structure of actin molecule were suggested by peptide mapping. In the undifferentiated M1 cytoplasms, an inhibitor protein for actin polymerization was identified. Myosin; contents, ratio of light chain L2, and binding to plasma membrane showed an increase after differentiation. Which one plays the most essential role in the transition from cell division to cell motility, and what interrelation is there among those changes are remained to be disclosed. PMID- 6224465 TI - [Clinical evaluation of neocarzinostatin in digestive system cancer. 1. Administration of neocarzinostatin in advanced and recurrent carcinoma of the stomach]. AB - This study was designed to evaluate the most effective administration method of NCS for advanced carcinoma of the stomach, mainly nonresectable and/or recurrent cases which were collected by our cooperative study group. Nine hundred seventy six cases were available for clinical evaluation. Rate of the efficacy of NCS alone and combined with 5-FU was higher (P less than 0.1) in the cases administrated intravenously by drip infusion than in those by one shot injection method, and adverse effects were fewer in the former than in the latter cases. The rate of efficacy of NCS was higher in cases treated with 4,000 mu/day alone intermittently 2-3 times for a week than in those with 2,000 mu/day alone every day. The rate of clinical effect was higher in the cases treated with 4,000 mu of NCS combined with 50 mg of 5-FU intermittently than in those with 2,000 mu of NCS combined with 250 mg of 5-FU every day, especially 20.6% of the former cases given more than 50,000 mu of NCS were interpreted as clinically effective by Karnofsky's criteria of I-A over. PMID- 6224466 TI - [Clinical evaluation of neocarzinostatin in digestive system cancer. 2. Clinical studies on the administration of neocarzinostatin in advanced and recurrent carcinoma of the pancreas]. AB - The present study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of chemotherapy by NCS for advanced and/or recurrent carcinoma of the pancreas, mainly nonresectable cases in which exploratory laparotomy or construction of biliary fistula were performed. Three hundred fifty seven cases were available for the study. Of the 357 cases, 116 were treated with NCS alone 5-FU. In the former, the efficacy rate was higher in cases with 2,000 mu/body of NCS every day than in those with 4,000 mu/body of NCS intermittently 2-3 times for a week. 19.6% of the cases treated with more than 40,000 mu of NCS alone in total were interpreted as effective clinically by Karnofsky's criteria of I-A over. In the latter, the efficacy rate was higher in cases with 2,000 mu/body of NCS combined with 250 mg of 5-FU every day than in those with 4,000 mu of NCS combined with 500 mg of 5-FU intermittently, 22.5% of the cases given more than 40,000 mu of NCS in total were interpreted as effective clinically by Karnofsky's criteria of I-A over. The major adverse effects of NCS such as anorexia, vomiting and nausea were observed in 20% of total cases respectively, leucopenia in 10% and fever in 15% of them. PMID- 6224467 TI - Analysis of T cell subsets in the peripheral blood and synovial fluid of patients with rheumatoid arthritis by means of monoclonal antibodies. AB - In an attempt to define the immunoregulatory mechanisms operating in rheumatoid arthritis we have enumerated T cell subsets in the peripheral blood and synovial fluid of patients with this disease. The peripheral blood analysis revealed an elevation of the ratio of inducer T cells (OKT4 positive) to suppressor/cytotoxic T cells (OKT5 positive) in patients with clinically active rheumatoid arthritis when compared with normal persons. This was due to a reduction in the percentage of suppressor/cytotoxic T lymphocytes in these patients. The synovial fluid in rheumatoid arthritis differed from the peripheral blood in 2 respects. Firstly, synovial fluid was characterised by a lower helper: suppressor ratio due to an increased number of suppressor/cytotoxic cells, and, secondly, it contained an increased number of activated T cells bearing HLA DR antigens. The majority of these activated T cells belonged to the helper/inducer T cell subset. PMID- 6224468 TI - Keratodermia blenorrhagica, arthritis, and polymyositis with cardiopulmonary complications. AB - A patient is described who had polymyositis with arthritis, keratodermia blenorrhagica, pulmonary fibrosis, and cardiac failure with a right bundle branch block. The cutaneous lesions on his palms and soles, considered to be specific for Reiter's syndrome, pointed to an overlapping of polymyositis with features of this syndrome. Findings typical of myositis were present. In addition a muscle biopsy showed sarcolemmal and endomysial deposits of IgG and IgM, and the serum level of IgM was elevated. Because skin lesions appeared at the height of symptoms in other organs, the possibility is raised that both might stem from a common immune process. PMID- 6224469 TI - Controlled comparative trial of thiabendazole and metronidazole in the treatment of dracontiasis. AB - In a placebo-controlled field trial involving 111 cases of dracontiasis, thiabendazole (at 50 mg kg-1 daily for two days or 100 mg kg-1 daily for two days) was compared with metronidazole (at 30-40 mg kg-1 t.d.s. for three days) for effectiveness against the guinea-worm, Dracunculus medinensis. All three regimens gave similar results and were significantly more effective than the placebo in bringing relief from symptoms of the disease and in the healing of guinea-worm ulcers. Elimination of adult worms was more rapid, but not significantly so, in patients treated with anthelmintic than in the control group. Clinical and parasitological relapses were less frequent in the treated patients. Metronidazole was generally well tolerated but transient dose-related side-effects, mostly gastrointestinal, occurred in about 50% of patients treated with thiabendazole. Nevertheless, it is concluded that both anthelmintics are clinically significantly effective in the treatment of dracontiasis. PMID- 6224470 TI - Ventricular fibrillation induced prior to cardioplegic arrest in hypertrophied pig hearts. AB - We hypothesized that by inducing ventricular fibrillation (VF) prior to cardioplegic arrest in nonvented hypertrophied hearts of pigs, the metabolic characteristics of the epicardial and endocardial regions would be compromised compared with animals in which cardioplegic solution was infused while the hearts were in normal sinus rhythm (NSR). These abnormalities would be reflected not only in greater deterioration of myocardial metabolism after reperfusion in the VF group, but they would also be more pronounced in the subendocardial layers of hypertrophied left ventricles. Results obtained in hypothermic hearts (28 degrees C) maintained at 8 degrees to 12 degrees C during cardioplegic arrest demonstrated no major consistent differences in the stores of glycogen, creatine phosphate, adenine nucleotides, and lactate in both groups of hearts, for either layer of the left ventricular myocardium. The only significant difference was slightly lower creatine kinase content in the VF hearts than in the NSR group. It is concluded that induction of VF in hypothermic (28 degrees C), nonvented, hypertrophied hearts prior to infusion of cardioplegic solution does not affect myocardial energy stores compared with hearts in NSR, provided that the period of VF prior to clamping is short (3 minutes) and that the myocardial temperature is lowered to 28 degrees C prior to VF and is maintained at 8 degrees to 12 degrees C during cardioplegic arrest. PMID- 6224471 TI - ATPase activities and lipid peroxidation in rat cerebral cortex synaptosomes. AB - ATPase activities and lipid peroxidation as measured by malonaldehyde formation in rat cerebral cortex synaptosomes depend on the time of incubation of the tissue. ATPase activities decreased but lipid peroxidation activity increased with increasing incubation periods. Effects of catechol- and non-catechol molecules on lipid peroxidation in synaptosomes have been determined. Drugs previously shown to stimulate ATPases inhibited lipid peroxidation. It seems likely that close relationships exist between stimulation of ATPase activities and inhibition of lipid peroxidation. PMID- 6224472 TI - Moxalactam penetration of normal and osteomyelitic bone. AB - The ability of moxalactam, a new cephalosporin, to cross the capillary membrane and enter the interstitial fluid space of normal and osteomyelitic bone in the dog was investigated. Moxalactam was noted to readily traverse the capillary membrane of both normal and osteomyelitic bone. The calculated concentrations of moxalactam in the interstitial fluid space corresponded to the simultaneously obtained serum concentrations determined with a bioassay. PMID- 6224473 TI - Wheelchair and occupant restraint system for transportation of handicapped passengers. AB - The objective of research into restraining wheelchair-bound passengers of buses and vans, was to design an effective system that can be built with standard components at reasonable costs without interfering unduly with passengers and space requirements. The author consulted with rehabilitation medicine and transportation specialists and found that virtually all current systems are ineffective in either restraining wheelchair, occupant, or both under conditions of impacts at 50km/h and less. Many systems may appear technically sound, but contain weak links, thus rendering the whole system useless or making it dangerous. A system was designed that utilizes off-the-shelf components and especially designed channels. The assembly has been tested under static conditions in the laboratory by applying a pull of 6000 newtons (N), according to static test procedures standardized by the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) for seatbelts. Furthermore, the system was dynamically tested in a crash test at 50km/h. The system is currently used in a private van, a public van offering 5 seating positions, and a school bus designed for 17 wheelchair positions. PMID- 6224474 TI - Provision of assistive equipment for handicapped persons. PMID- 6224475 TI - Family intervention models. PMID- 6224477 TI - [Myocardium damage in experimental anemia and its prevention with the antioxidant ionol]. AB - Rats with hemolytic (phenylhydrazine) anemia were shown to develop simultaneously with hypertrophy of the myocardium marked damages of cardiomyocytes of the type of I-III degree contractures, myocytolysis, vacuolation, fatty infiltration, small focal necrosis as well as a peculiar form of damages defined as "central lumpy degeneration". An inhibitor of lipid peroxidation, antioxidant ionol, decreases the extent of myocardial hypertrophy and the intensity of the above morphological changes in cardiomyocytes. This indicates a significant role of lipid peroxidation in myocardial damage in hemolytic anemia and the importance of research on the use of antioxidants in combined treatment of cardial disorders in patients with anemia. PMID- 6224476 TI - Effect of interaction between 65Zn, mercury and selenium in rats (retention, metallothionein, endogenous copper). AB - Interaction of zinc with mercuric chloride and sodium selenite was studied in the rat at the organ and subcellular levels (liver and kidneys). Zinc chloride was administered subcutaneously at dose of 5 mg Zn/kg, mercury chloride into the tail vein at a dose of 0.5 mg Hg/kg (both metals every other day during 2 weeks) and sodium selenite intragastrically, at doses of 0.1 mg Se/kg, every day. Zinc retention in the rat did not exceed 20% and was unchanged in the presence of mercury. An interaction effect was reflected by an increased whole-body retention of zinc by selenium, mercury, and selenium. In the presence of selenium no peak of metallothionein-like proteins stimulated by zinc or mercury was found in the soluble fraction of the kidneys. The metallothionein level did not differ from that typical for control group animals, too. A significant increase in the level of endogenous copper was found only in the kidneys of rats exposed to zinc in the presence of mercury and selenium. PMID- 6224478 TI - Auditory brain-stem responses in infants with Down's syndrome. AB - Auditory brain-stem responses to clicks were recorded from 38 infants with Down's syndrome at the ages of 3, 6, and 12 months in an attempt to delineate age dependent and intensity-dependent latency changes in this population. Comparisons were made with 35 normally developing infants at the same age levels. Significant wave V latency differences were observed between groups for both age and intensity, with the group with Down's syndrome showing, in general, shorter absolute wave V latency values across age and steeper latency functions across intensity. The implications of this study are as follows: (1) latency-intensity curves for normally developing infants will not serve adequately as normative values for infants with Down's syndrome, particularly at the age of 12 months, and (2) cochlear function in infants with Down's syndrome may differ from normal infants by the age of 12 months. PMID- 6224480 TI - Very-high-field n.m.r. studies of bovine lung heparan sulphate oligosaccharides produced by nitrous acid deaminative cleavage. 13C-n.m.r. study of methylene resonances: degree and positions of C-6 sulphation. AB - Oligosaccharides with the general structure UA-(GlcNAc-GlcUA-)m-aManOH (m = 1-5) (where UA represents uronic acid, GlcNAc N-acetylglucosamine, GlcUA glucuronic acid and aManOH anhydromannitol) were prepared from low-sulphated heparan sulphates of bovine lung origin by nitrous acid deaminative cleavage followed by reduction. Analysis of the methylene signals in the 100 MHz 13C-n.m.r. spectrum of the tetrasaccharide (m = 1) shows that, whereas the extent of C-6 O-sulphation in the GlcNAc is approx. 65%, in the aManOH [formerly a GlcNSO3 (N sulphoglucosamine) residue in the parent heparan sulphate] it is only approx. 10%. In the higher oligosaccharides (m = 2-5) the gross extent of C-6 O sulphation of GlcNAc residues falls systematically with increasing oligosaccharide size, whereas that in the aManOH residues remains below 10%. There is also evidence that the C-6 O-sulphation of the GlcNAc residues is confined to the GlcNAc residue adjacent to the non-reducing terminal uronic acid residue. It is therefore tentatively proposed that the GlcNAc in the sequence GlcNSO3-UA-GlcNAc- might be a favoured substrate for the 6-O-sulphotransferase. It is concluded that in the low-sulphated heparan sulphates GlcNSO3 residues that do not occur in (GlcNSO3-UA-)n blocks tend to have a significantly smaller extent of C-6 O-sulphation than do GlcNAc residues that occur in -GlcNSO3-UA-GlcNAc GlcUA-GlcNSO3-sequences. PMID- 6224479 TI - Isolation and characterization of the CNBr peptides from the proteolytically derived N-terminal fragment of ovine opsin. AB - Ovine rhodopsin may be cleaved in situ by Staphylococcus aureus V8 proteinase into two membrane-bound fragments designated V8-L (27 000 mol.wt.) and V8-S (12 000 mol.wt.). After purification of the proteolysed complex by affinity chromatography in detergent using concanavalin A immobilized on Sepharose 4B, the two polypeptide fragments may be separated by gel-permeation chromatography on Sephadex LH-60. Digestion of the N-terminal-derived V8-L fragment with CNBr in 70% (v/v) trifluoroacetic acid resulted in a peptide mixture that could be fractionated by procedures involving gel-permeation chromatography in organic and aqueous solvents and the use of differential solubility. The complete or partial sequences of all ten peptides are reported. PMID- 6224481 TI - The effect of dantrolene on skeletal-muscle sarcoplasmic-reticulum function in malignant hyperpyrexia in pigs. AB - The effect of the muscle relaxant dantrolene on isolated sarcoplasmic reticulum was studied in control and malignant-hyperpyrexia-susceptible Landrace pigs. The membranes prepared from both sources showed similar Ca2+-dependent ATPase activities, had comparable phospholipid/protein ratios, and their sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide-gel patterns were indistinguishable. Membranes from both sources appeared to bind similar amounts of dantrolene. The drug did not stimulate Ca2+-dependent ATPase activity in preparations from either source. The rates of Ca2+ exchange and Ca2+ efflux appeared to be similar in sarcoplasmic reticulum of control and malignant-hyperpyrexia-susceptible pigs. Dantrolene did not affect either the rates or the amount of Ca2+ lost from the vesicles. These results suggest that dantrolene does not directly affect the movement of Ca2+ across the sarcoplasmic-reticulum membrane. PMID- 6224482 TI - Metabolic control of hepatic gluconeogenesis during exercise. AB - Prolonged exercise increased the concentrations of the hexose phosphates and phosphoenolpyruvate and depressed those of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate, triose phosphates and pyruvate in the liver of the rat. Since exercise increases gluconeogenic flux, these changes in metabolite concentrations suggest that metabolic control is exerted, at least, at the fructose 6-phosphate/fructose 1,6 bisphosphate and phosphoenolpyruvate/pyruvate substrate cycles. Exercise increased the maximal activities of glucose 6-phosphatase, fructose 1,6 bisphosphatase, pyruvate kinase and pyruvate carboxylase in the liver, but there were no changes in those of glucokinase, 6-phosphofructokinase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase. Exercise changed the concentrations of several allosteric effectors of the glycolytic or gluconeogenic enzymes in liver; the concentrations of acetyl-CoA, ADP and AMP were increased, whereas those of ATP, fructose 1,6-bisphosphate and fructose 2,6-bisphosphate were decreased. The effect of exercise on the phosphorylation-dephosphorylation state of pyruvate kinase was investigated by measuring the activities under conditions of saturating and subsaturating concentrations of substrate. The submaximal activity of pyruvate kinase (0.5 mM-phosphoenolpyruvate), expressed as percentage of Vmax., decreased in the exercised animals to less than half that found in the controls. These changes suggest that hepatic pyruvate kinase is less active during exercise, possibly owing to phosphorylation of the enzyme, and this may play a role in increasing the rate of gluconeogenesis. PMID- 6224485 TI - Diminution of stationary enzyme activities at increases of pyruvate kinase concentration in a reconstituted enzyme system. AB - In a homogeneous and open enzyme system containing phosphofructokinase, pyruvate kinase, adenylate kinase, and glucose 6-phosphate isomerase the consequences of variations of the enzyme concentrations on the stationary enzyme activities have been investigated. An unexpected behavior was observed upon variation of the maximum activity of pyruvate kinase. Depending on the experimental conditions an increase of the concentration of pyruvate kinase resulted either in a diminution or in a stimulation of the stationary activity of this enzyme. An increase of the maximum activity of phosphofructokinase, however, stimulates both the activities of phosphofructokinase and pyruvate kinase. The experimental results are interpreted in terms of a mathematical model, based on the kinetic properties of the enzymes involved. The correlation between the observed changes of the activities of phosphofructokinase and pyruvate kinase and the appearance of multiple stationary states is discussed. PMID- 6224484 TI - Involvement of intramitochondrial adenine nucleotides and inorganic phosphate in oxidative phosphorylation of extramitochondrially added adenosine-5'-diphosphate. AB - Possible direct, product/substrate mediated interactions between the phosphate carrier and/or the adenine nucleotide translocator and the mitochondrial H+ ATPase were investigated by tracer flux experiments. For this purpose the specific radioactivity of ATP synthesized was measured and compared with those of intra- and extramitochondrial precursors. Two experimental strategies were applied: 1) preloading of mitochondria with [32P]Pi before starting oxidative phosphorylation of external ADP; 2) simultaneous addition of tracer amounts of [3H]ADP and [32P]Pi to phosphorylating mitochondria under steady-state conditions. The observed participation of the intramitochondrial Pi pool in oxidative phosphorylation excludes a directly functional interaction between Pi carrier and H+-ATPase. At 5 degrees C an at least partial compartmentation of intramitochondrial ADP during oxidative phosphorylation was found, whereas at 25 degrees C a complete equilibrium of intra- and extramitochondrial [32P]Pi and [3H]ADP could be observed, excluding a functionally important compartmentation of these species in the intramitochondrial space under physiological conditions. PMID- 6224483 TI - Correlation of Ca2+-and calmodulin-dependent protein kinase activity with secretion of insulin from islets of Langerhans. AB - A Ca2+-activated and calmodulin-dependent protein kinase activity which phosphorylates predominantly two endogenous proteins of 57kDa and 54kDa was found in a microsomal fraction from islet cells. Half-maximal activation of the protein kinase occurs at approx. 1.9 microM-Ca2+ and 4 micrograms of calmodulin/ml (250 nM) for phosphorylation of both protein substrates. Similar phosphoprotein bands (57kDa and 54kDa) were identified in intact islets that had been labelled with [32P]Pi. Islets prelabelled with [32P]Pi and incubated with 28 mM-glucose secreted significantly more insulin and had greater incorporation of radioactivity into the 54 kDa protein than did islets incubated under basal conditions in the presence of 5 mM-glucose. Thus the potential importance of the phosphorylation of these proteins in the regulation of insulin secretion is indicated both by activation of the protein kinase activity by physiological concentrations of free Ca2+ and by correlation of the phosphorylation of the substrates with insulin secretion in intact islets. Experiments undertaken to identify the endogenous substrates indicated that this calmodulin-dependent protein kinase may phosphorylate the alpha- and beta-subunits of tubulin. These findings suggest that Ca2+-stimulated phosphorylation of islet-cell tubulin via a membrane-bound calmodulin-dependent protein kinase may represent a critical step in the initiation of insulin secretion from the islets of Langerhans. PMID- 6224486 TI - High molecular mass phosphoproteins in the rat liver nuclear matrix identification of a prominent 110,000 Dalton species. AB - Purified rat liver nuclei were labelled in vitro in the presence of (32P) ATP and submitted to sequential extraction with DNAse, 0.4 or 2.0 M NaCl and Triton X 100. The residual or matrix structures contained 8-10 phosphoproteins between 76 and 260 kd including a triplet of major bands with 110, 117 and 128 kd. The 110 kd species was purified by chromatography on oligo(dT)-cellulose. It was shown to be identical with the 110 kd phosphoprotein of rat liver or Morris hepatoma free polyribosomes using the technique of limited digestion with S. aureus protease V 8. PMID- 6224487 TI - Effect of calmodulin antagonists on CA2+ uptake by boar spermatozoa. AB - Calcium uptake by washed boar sperm suspensions is markedly stimulated by the calmodulin antagonists trifluoperazine and calmidazolium. Both 45Ca2+ uptake and net Ca2+ uptake are increased by these drugs. Drug stimulated Ca2+ uptake is blocked by verapamil (1 mM), by ruthenium red (25 microM) and by carbonyl cyanide p-trifluoromethoxyphenyl hydrazone. Calmodulin antagonists do not slow ATP dependent Ca2+ extrusion from plasma membrane vesicles, and they do not inhibit plasma membrane Ca2+-ATPase. It is proposed that calmodulin is involved in the control of Ca2+ entry in boar spermatozoa. Most entering Ca2+ in uncapacitated spermatozoa is sequestered by mitochondria or rapidly extruded by plasma membrane pumps. In contrast to the uptake mechanism, ATP-dependent Ca2+ extrusion does not appear to be regulated by calmodulin. PMID- 6224488 TI - Calcium dependence of the binding of synexin to isolated chromaffin granules. AB - The calcium dependence of the binding of synexin to isolated chromaffin granules has been investigated. The calcium dependence was found to be pH sensitive, binding occurring at higher Ca2+ concentrations at lower values of pH. At pH 7.2 half-maximal binding occurred at 4 microM Ca2+. This is a lower Ca2+ concentration than the 200 microM that is required to give half-maximal self association of synexin or membrane aggregation by synexin. The data therefore suggest that in the chromaffin cell stimulated to release catecholamines and proteins by exocytosis synexin first binds to membranes and then associates with itself to draw membranes together in preparation for fusion. PMID- 6224489 TI - The bioenergetics of Golgi apparatus function: evidence for an ATP-dependent proton pump. AB - The energy requirement for the processing of newly-synthesized proteins by the Golgi was examined. Rat liver Golgi preparations enriched more than 100-fold have high ATPase activity that co-purified with the Golgi marker enzyme galactosyl transferase. The ATPase activity was 80% inhibited by dicyclohexylcarbodiimide and may represent a proton pump. Evidence is presented for a functional role of the ATPase in Golgi. First, measurement of [14C]methylamine uptake demonstrated ATP-dependent acidification. Second, inhibition of the ATPase with dicyclohexylcarbodiimide resulted in a 3-fold accumulation of newly-synthesized protein in the Golgi. PMID- 6224490 TI - A kinetic and binding study of the reactivity of Escherichia coli ATPase to N ethoxycarbonyl-2-ethoxy-1,2-dihydroquinoline. AB - Escherichia coli H+-ATPase (ECF1) was inactivated in a time- and concentration dependent manner by N-ethoxycarbonyl-2-ethoxy-1,2-dihydroquinoline (EEDQ), a selective carboxyl group reagent. Among the subunits of ECF1, only the beta subunit was modified by EEDQ. The reaction of 1 mol of EEDQ per mol of ECF1 resulted in total inactivation, in spite of the fact that the enzyme possesses three beta subunits. PMID- 6224491 TI - Heterogeneity of bone marrow-directed immune mechanisms in the pathogenesis of neutropenia of Felty's syndrome. AB - Twenty-seven patients with Felty's syndrome were studied by the colony forming unit in culture (CFU-C) assay for possible immune mechanisms within the bone marrow compartment that could contribute to the neutropenia. Depletion of bone marrow suppressor T cells resulted in normal CFU-C numbers in 7 patients. In 5 patients serum antiprecursor cell activity was detected. Blood monocytes failed to generate colony stimulating factor in 5 patients. Bone marrow-directed immune mechanisms are heterogeneous and could play a role in the pathogenesis of neutropenia in some patients with Felty's syndrome. PMID- 6224492 TI - [Pediatric physiatrics]. PMID- 6224493 TI - [Acute respiratory infections in Costa Rica, 1965-1980: frequency, severity and mortality]. PMID- 6224494 TI - [Ascarids of cats and dogs: a public health and veterinary medicine problem]. PMID- 6224495 TI - [Dental health: problems of dental caries, oral hygiene and gingivitis in the suburban metropolitan population of Mexico]. PMID- 6224496 TI - [Initial observations on the biocompatibility of a polymer used as a skin dressing]. AB - In the development of a dressing for burn wound covers, a material is required which combines good oxygen permeability, high water content and good biocompatibility with reasonable mechanical properties. One of the most important functions of the cover is to protect the burned surfaces from drying out and to constitute the first defence against microbial invasion. In this study composite sheets crosslinked either in presence of glicerol or diacetin, obtained by reinforcing PHEMA with a tricot PET net have been implanted subacute in rabbits, to test their biocompatibility. The same composites crosslinked in presence of diacetin and grafted on a polybutadene film, have been used as a skin graft on rabbits. PMID- 6224497 TI - [Biological and surgical aspects of the use of polymers in experimental surgery. 1: implants on the oculo-extrinsic musculature]. AB - Composite sheets obtained reinforcing PHEMA with a tricot PET net have been implanted in rabbits to test their potential applications for cross-eye surgical correction. The mechanical characterization of the composites has been carried out both in static tension and fatigue. The clinical evaluation was performed on twelve adult New Zealand white Rabbits implanting the sheets on the rectus dorsalis muscle of the eye. The material seems to be highly compatible with the surrounding tissue, mechanical satisfying and clinically helpful in correcting many of the pathological conditions connected with strabismus. The long term behaviour of the implanted prosthesis in still under investigation. PMID- 6224498 TI - [Cardiac involvement in progressive systemic sclerosis (PSS)]. PMID- 6224499 TI - Cardiac rhythm in hypertension assessed through 24 hour ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring. Effects of load manipulation with atenolol, verapamil, and nifedipine. PMID- 6224500 TI - Influence of heart size on mortality and reinfarction in patients treated with timolol after myocardial infarction. AB - The influence of heart size on the effect of long term timolol treatment with regard to mortality and reinfarction after myocardial infarction was examined among 1881 patients randomised to either active or placebo treatment. The patients were followed for 12 to 33 months. At the baseline, heart size was determined by x-ray film in two projections: 1199 patients had normal heart size, 262 had borderline heart size, and 420 had enlarged hearts. The incidence of total cardiac death was three times greater in patients with enlarged hearts compared with patients with normal size hearts. The incidence of non-fatal reinfarctions, however, was independent of heart size at baseline. The timolol related reduction of total cardiac death compared with placebo was 40.7% in patients with normal heart size, 47.8% in patients with borderline heart size, and 38.2% in patients with enlarged hearts at baseline (intention to treat approach). The reduction of first non-fatal reinfarctions in the timolol group compared with placebo was, respectively, 31.7%, 41.2%, and 25.9%. Thus, timolol treatment appears to reduce cardiac death and non-fatal reinfarctions after myocardial infarction independent of heart size at baseline. Timolol treatment may be of special importance in patients with cardiomegaly, because of the very high incidence of cardiac mortality in this group of patients, and consequently a larger number of cardiac deaths may be prevented. PMID- 6224501 TI - Coronary sinus potassium concentration recorded during coronary angioplasty. AB - Coronary sinus potassium concentration was measured continuously in two patients undergoing angioplasty of a significant stenosis of the left anterior descending coronary artery. After each coronary occlusion there was a transient rise in coronary sinus plasma potassium concentration caused by washout of potassium which had accumulated in the extracellular fluid during the short period of ischaemia. There were no significant changes in the surface electrocardiogram and the patients experienced no chest pain. Changes in coronary sinus potassium concentration provide a sensitive and early indication of myocardial ischaemia in man. PMID- 6224502 TI - A radionuclide method for the simultaneous study of the effects of drugs on central and peripheral haemodynamics. PMID- 6224503 TI - Diabetes and the skin--a review. PMID- 6224504 TI - Strained abdominal muscles as a cause of acute abdominal pain in children and young adults and its treatment with Paramax. PMID- 6224505 TI - Detection of glycoprotein IIb and IIIa by monoclonal antibodies. AB - Murine monoclonal antibodies were produced against human platelet membranes and screened on platelets by a 125I protein A radioimmunoassay. Several clones produced platelet specific antibodies as they showed no reaction with peripheral blood lymphocytes, neutrophils, bone marrow (excluding megkaryocytes) or several cell lines. Two antibodies (designated anti-HuPl-m1a and anti-HuPl-m1b) were of particular interest in that although platelet specific they were non-reactive with platelets from a thrombasthenic patient. In functional assays these two antibodies could specifically inhibit ADP and collagen induced aggregation of platelets and release of ATP, retard platelet aggregation and ATP release induced by epinephrine, and inhibit ADP induced platelet fibrinogen binding. These two antibodies appear to recognize glycoproteins IIb and IIIa as analysis by SDS-PAGE using radiolabelled membranes revealed a two chain structure of molecular weight 112000 and 122000 daltons when run after reduction and 87000 and 140000 daltons non-reduced. PMID- 6224506 TI - The psychopathology of handicap. PMID- 6224507 TI - Attitudes towards the mentally and physically disabled. AB - This study set out to determine lay people's attitudes towards disabled people while specifically avoiding some of the major methodological problems of previous studies. One aim was to determine whether attitudes towards disabled people differed as a function of whether the handicap was physical or mental, and whether it was observable (visible) or not. A second aim was to determine whether the sex of the respondent or the type/amount of contact that he/she had had with disabled people affected their attitudes towards the disabled people. The results showed consistent differences between people's attitudes towards the physically as opposed to the mentally handicapped, with the former being seen more positively than the latter. However, the sex of the respondent and contact with the handicapped/disabled failed to show many significant differences. The results are discussed in terms of social interaction with disabled people. PMID- 6224508 TI - Tropomyosin-troponin and tropomyosin-actin interactions: a fluorescence quenching study. AB - Rabbit skeletal alpha alpha-tropomyosin was specifically labeled at Cys-190 with the fluorescent probe N-(iodoacetyl)-N'-(1-naphthyl-5-sulfo)ethylenediamine (1,5 IAE-DANS). The fluorescence decay of the resultant AE-DANS-labeled alpha alpha tropomyosin (Tm) was monoexponential with a lifetime of 13.55 ns. When acrylamide was used as the quencher, the apparent Stern-Volmer quenching constant Ksv' for Tm was measured to be 5.78 M-1 and the quenching rate constant kq to be 3.20 X 10(8) M-1 s-1. The presence of troponin reduced the magnitude of Ksv' to 4.14 M-1 and induced the appearance of a second decay component. This second component had an amplitude of approximately 20% of the total intensity, a lifetime of approximately 20 ns, and a kq of 4.5 X 10(-7) M-1 s-1. Similarly, the presence of F-actin induced the appearance of a minor longer lived decay component with a decreased kq. On the basis of the increase in the lifetime and the decrease in kq, the appearance of the long-lived decay component was interpreted to be due to troponin or actin interacting with Tm near the Cys-190 site in both cases. Our results further suggest that the label was capable of equilibrating between an exposed hydrophilic environment on the surface of Tm and a buried hydrophobic environment at the troponin-Tm or actin-Tm interaction interfaces. PMID- 6224509 TI - Excitation energy transfer studies of the proximity between tropomyosin and actin in reconstituted skeletal muscle thin filaments. PMID- 6224510 TI - Immunochemical analysis of Micrococcus lysodeikticus (luteus) F1-ATPase and its subunits. AB - The F1-ATPase from Micrococcus lysodeikticus has been purified to 95% protein homogeneity in this laboratory and as all other bacterial F1S, possesses five distinct subunits with molecular weights ranging from 60 000 to 10 000 (Huberman, M. and Salton, M.R.J. (1979) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 547, 230-240). In this communication, we demonstrate the immunochemical reactivities of antibodies to native and SDS-dissociated subunits with the native and dissociated F1-ATPase and show that: (1) the antibodies generated to the native or SDS-dissociated subunits react with the native molecule; (2) all of the subunits comprising the F1 are antigenically unique as determined by crossed immunoelectrophoresis and the Ouchterlony double-diffusion techniques; (3) antibodies to the SDS-denatured individual delta- and epsilon-subunits can be used to destabilize the interaction of these specific subunits with the rest of the native F1; and (4) all subunit antibodies as well as anti-native F1 were found to inhibit ATPase activity to varying degrees, the strongest inhibition being seen with antibodies to the total F1 and anti-alpha- and anti-beta-subunit antibodies. The interaction of specific subunit antibodies may provide a new and novel way to study further and characterize the catalytic portions of F1-ATPases and in general may offer an additional method for the examination of multimeric proteins. PMID- 6224511 TI - Phosphorylating efficiency of isolated rat liver mitochondria respiring under the conditions of steady-State 4. AB - A limited, but significant net formation of ATP was observed during the very first period of respiratory State 4. The synthesis appeared to depend on respiration, since it was completely inhibited by KCN or by 2,4-dinitrophenol. Accordingly, State 4 respiration was observed to be inhibited to a large extent by oligomycin. After the initial increase, the level of ATP remained unmodified under the conditions of steady-state 4. Also, the maintenance of the equilibrium level of ATP was very sensitive to KCN or 2,4-dinitrophenol. Under the very same conditions of State 4, the mitochondria exhibited a significant ATPase activity, which appeared to be competitively inhibited by ADP. Therefore, it might be concluded that the apparently constant level of ATP observed in State 4 results from a balanced equilibrium between a respiration-dependent synthesis and a continuous hydrolysis. A comparison between the amount of ATP hydrolysed in State 4 and the amount of oxygen consumed under the same conditions indicated that the phosphorylating efficiency of respiring mitochondria in State 4 is as high as in State 3. PMID- 6224512 TI - Membrane-surfactant interactions. The effect of Triton X-100 on sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles. AB - The effect of Triton X-100 on purified sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles has been studied by means of chemical, ultrastructural and enzymic techniques. At low detergent/membrane ratios (about 1 Triton X-100 per 60 phospholipid molecules) the only effect observed is an increase in vesicle permeability. Higher surfactant concentrations, up to a 1:1 detergent/phospholipid ratio, produce a large enhancement of ATPase activity. Membrane solubilization occurs as a critical phenomenon when the surfactant/phospholipid molar ratio reaches a value around 1.5:1, corresponding to 2 mumol Triton X-100/mg protein. At this point, the suspension turbidity drops, virtually all the protein and phospholipid is solubilized and every organized structure disappears. Simultaneously, a dramatic increase in the specific activity of the solubilized ATPase is observed. The sudden solubilization of almost all the bilayer components at a given detergent concentration is attributed to the relative simplicity of this membrane system. Solubilization takes place at the same surfactant/membrane ratio, at least between 0.5 and 4 mg membrane protein/ml. The non-solubilized residue seems to consist mainly of delipidized aggregated forms of ATPase. PMID- 6224513 TI - Interaction of Escherichia coli F1-ATPase with dicyclohexylcarbodiimide-binding polypeptide. AB - Antibody raised against the N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCCD)-binding polypeptide of Escherichia coli bound to the cytoplasmic surface of the cell membrane. A weak reaction was seen with everted vesicles of the thermophile PS3. Rat-liver mitochondrial membranes did not react with the antibody. Reaction of the isolated DCCD-binding polypeptide with the antibody was prevented by oxidation of methionine residues or cleavage of the polypeptide with cyanogen bromide. Modification of the arginine residues of the DCCD-binding polypeptide did not affect interaction with the antibody. Purified F1-ATPase of E. coli bound to the isolated DCCD-binding polypeptide as shown by solid-phase radioimmune assay. Binding involved the alpha and/or beta subunits of F1 and the arginine residues of the polar central region of the DCCD-binding polypeptide. Our results are consistent with a looped arrangement of the DCCD-binding polypeptide in the membrane in which the carboxyl- and amino-terminal regions of the molecule are at the periplasmic surface and the polar central region, interacting with F1, is at the cytoplasmic surface of the cell membrane. PMID- 6224514 TI - Differential stimulation by polyamines of phage DNA-directed in vitro synthesis of proteins. AB - The effect of polyamines on T7- and lambda rifd18 DNA-directed synthesis of proteins in an Escherichia coli cell-free system has been studied. When T7 DNA was used as a template, the degree of stimulation by spermidine of protein synthesis was larger with T7 RNA polymerase than with Mr 42 K protein, while the synthesis of Mr 13.5 K protein was not stimulated significantly by spermidine. The synthesis of T7 RNA polymerase was stimulated approx. 10-fold by 1 mM spermidine. When lambda rifd18 DNA was used as a template, the synthesis of beta beta' subunits of RNA polymerase was stimulated greatly by spermidine, while the synthesis of elongation factor Tu and ribosomal proteins was not stimulated significantly by spermidine. Spermidine stimulation of T7 DNA-directed synthesis of T7 RNA polymerase was at the level of both translation and transcription. The degree of stimulation by spermidine was greater at the level of translation. Putrescine stimulated the synthesis of T7 RNA polymerase and Mr 42 K protein to a small degree at the level of translation. PMID- 6224515 TI - A liver-type mutation in a case of pronounced erythrocyte phosphofructokinase deficiency without clinical expression. AB - A marked erythrocyte phosphofructokinase deficiency was detected in a healthy man. His enzymatic activity was only 25% that of normal controls. His father and his son had erythrocytic phosphofructokinase activities of 50-55% that of normal controls. The chromatographic separation of erythrocytic phosphofructokinase isozymes, as well as immunological studies revealed a decrease in L-type phosphofructokinase activity. The lowered erythrocytic L-type phosphofructokinase activity was not accompanied by a decreased level of L-type phosphofructokinase in proteins. The L/M subunit ratio was similar to that of normal subjects. The defect resulted from the synthesis of stable L-type mutant subunit with high electrophoretic mobility. White blood cells, which synthesize mostly the same isozyme as L-type phosphofructokinase also showed a decreased activity and a high electrophoretic mobility. In spite of this important deficiency, and of significant metabolic alterations (a slight decrease in ATP; 2,3 diphosphoglycerate; triose phosphate), hemolysis did not appear in the propositus. PMID- 6224516 TI - [Functions and localization of nucleotide-binding sites of CF1-ATPase using dialdehyde derivatives of ADP and ATP]. AB - The covalent binding of dialdehyde derivatives of ATP and ADP (o-ATP and o-ADP) results in inactivation of chloroplast CF1-ATPase, the degree of inactivation being increased at a rise in temperature and pH. o-ADP causes predominant inhibition of the Mg2+-dependent, while o-ATP--of both Mg2+- and Ca2+-dependent activities of CF1-ATPase. The substrates and reaction products prevent the enzyme inactivation, whereas the stimulators of the Mg2+-dependent ATPase activity enhance it. The effect of these stimulators is correlated with predominant incorporation of [3H] o-nucleotide into the beta-subunit of CF1. In the absence of the stimulators o-ADP is predominantly bound to the alpha-subunit of CF1. The binding of o-ADP and o-ATP to the beta-subunit is increased in the presence of Mg2+. A comparative analysis of the labelled nucleotides incorporation into individual subunits and the changes in the catalytic and regulatory properties of the enzyme demonstrated that the catalytic and stimulator-sensitive "regulatory" sites of the enzyme are located on the beta-subunits. PMID- 6224517 TI - [Mechanism of the inhibiting effect of atypical antidepressants and psychostimulants on the synaptosomal uptake of monoamines]. AB - The effects of viloxazine and zimelidine on reverse monoamine neurotransmitter uptake by crude synaptosomal fraction of the rat brain were studied and compared to those of imipramine, amphetamine and cocaine. Imipramine noncompetitively inhibited the uptake of all the monoamines under study, with a greater specificity as regards serotonin. Viloxazine and zimelidine strongly inhibited the transport of noradrenaline, dopamine and serotonine, the transport of the latter being inhibited to a greater degree. Kinetic analysis showed the active centers of noradrenaline and dopamine carriers to be very much alike, those of catecholamine and serotonin carriers to be less alike. The data obtained made it possible to describe (at least partly) the structure of the active centers of monoamine carriers and to specify the action modes of antidepressants and psychostimulants. PMID- 6224518 TI - [Effect of serotoninergic substances on escape behavior in acute stress situations]. AB - The data are provided on the effect of some serotoninergic substances on the avoidance behavior under acute stress. 5-Hydroxytryptophan, zimelidine (low doses), pyrenepyron, ciproheptadine, trazodon (high doses), produced a noticeable positive action on the behavior pattern under study. Quipazin and zimelidine (high doses) provoked an increase in the number of affective manifestations and a rise of the latent avoidance time. Regardless of an appreciable fall in the number of affective manifestations, the powerful sedative effect of m chlorphenylpiperazine led to an increase in the latent response periods. It was shown that substances that produced a direct or mediated activation effect on the serotoninergic system had an appreciable favourable influence on the avoidance behavior, which was a consequence of a decrease in the animals' emotional excitement. Combination of serotonin-blocking properties (action on S2 autoreceptors) and dopaminergic properties brought about optimal results, provided that pyrenepyron was applied. PMID- 6224519 TI - [Purification of epidermal G2-chalone using immunoaffinity chromatography]. AB - Epidermal G2-chalone was purified from rat skin extract by immunoaffinity chromatography with the use of mono-specific antibodies coupled to CNBr-activated sepharose 4B. During SDS PAAG electrophoresis, it produced a single band with a molecular weight of 13000 dalton. G2-chalone purified in this way had a 60% antimitotic inhibitory effect on external ear epidermocytes in mice in a dose of 2 micrograms/g bw but had no effect on the mitosis in the sebaceous glands. PMID- 6224520 TI - Fetal erythropoiesis in juvenile chronic myelocytic leukemia. AB - Red cell enzymes, 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP), were evaluated in a 23-mo-old boy with juvenile chronic myelocytic leukemia (JCML) at the onset of his illness and 6 mo later during the accelerated phase. The activities of the age-dependent red cell enzymes, hexokinase, aldolase, pyruvate kinase, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, were elevated, as were the concentrations of red cell 2,3-DPG and ATP, consistent with a young red cell population metabolizing at an increased glycolytic rate. The activities of the non-age-dependent enzymes, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (G3PD), phosphoglycerate kinase, and enolase, were also increased to levels similar to or greater than those observed in term infants. As the illness progressed, the activity of red cell G3PD increased further, and phosphoglucose isomerase activity increased markedly. These results are consistent with the prior suggestion that JCML represents a reversion to "fetal" erythropoiesis. PMID- 6224521 TI - Natural killer and suppressor T-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia. AB - A patient with low-grade lymphocytosis, splenomegaly, and neutropenia, but adequate myeloid leukogenesis, was found to have chronic lymphocytic leukemia, which represented a clonal proliferation of a distinct T-lymphocyte subset. The lymphocytes did not form E rosettes but had an OKT3+, OKT4+, OKT6+, OKT8+, OKT11+, HNK-1+, HNK-36+, OKIa1+, OKM1+ phenotype and functionally had suppressor and natural killer activity. Morphologically, they were large granular lymphocytes, which were strongly acid phosphatase positive and nonspecific esterase negative. They did not respond to mitogens, or to allogeneic cells. Initially, the spleen appeared to be the most involved organ and, judging from the high proportion of leukemic splenic lymphocytes in the S and G2/M phases of the cell cycle, was also the organ of origin of the leukemic cells. Only a few leukemic cells in the blood and bone marrow were in S and G2/M phases. After splenectomy, the lymphocyte count rose considerably and the bone marrow became progressively more infiltrated by tumor nodules. One year after diagnosis, the patient was started on chemotherapy because of progressive anemia. He responded to the chemotherapy by normalization of the hemoglobin and neutrophil count and had a moderate decrease in the bone marrow involvement and peripheral lymphocytosis. PMID- 6224522 TI - A proposal for smoldering adult T-cell leukemia: a clinicopathologic study of five cases. AB - We have observed five patients with smoldering adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) who had skin lesions as premonitory symptoms. The illness developed slowly, but flared up after several years. Skin lesions appeared in the form of erythema, papules, or nodules. Infiltration of the skin by ATL cells was slight, and the proportion of ATL cells in the peripheral blood was 0%-2%. The serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) value was within normal range and was not associated with hypercalcemia; lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, and bone marrow infiltration were very slight. In most cases, hypergammaglobulinemia was seen, and in one case, monoclonal hypergammaglobulinemia was observed. All five patients had lived in an area in which ATL was endemic, and their anti-ATLA antibodies were positive; none had ever received a blood transfusion. One patient developed typical ATL after more than 13 yr of illness and died of renal insufficiency. Another patient developed typical ATL after 5 yr of illness and died of cryptococcus meningitis. Based on clinical and pathologic differences, we believe that these cases should be distinguished from typical ATL cases for the purposes of prognosis and treatment. PMID- 6224523 TI - Immunoglobulin secretory function of B cells from untreated patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia and hypogammaglobulinemia: role of T cells. AB - The mechanism of the hypogammaglobulinemia in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) was studied by determining the generation of specific immunoglobulin-secreting cells in response to mitogen and antigen stimulation in culture. Normal peripheral blood B lymphocytes from 18 normal subjects cocultured with equal numbers of autologous T cells generated cells secreting 2,542 +/- 695 IgG, 2,153 +/- 615 IgA, and 2,918 +/- 945 IgM. Normal B lymphocytes cocultured with normal allogeneic T cells generated similar numbers. However, B lymphocytes from patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia cocultured with T cells from the same patient generated only 0.5% as many cells secreting IgG and 11% and 23% as many secreting IgA and IgM, respectively. The reason for this markedly defective generation of immunoglobulin-secreting cells was investigated by evaluating T helper, T-suppressor, and B-cell function using B cells from tonsil and T and B cells from peripheral blood of normal and leukemic individuals. T cells from patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia provided somewhat greater help than did normal T cells to normal peripheral blood B cells and normal help to tonsil B cells, whether stimulated with mitogen or antigen. T cells from patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia did not demonstrate increased suppressor function compared to normals with B cells from normal peripheral blood. The hypogammaglobulinemia in these patients therefore was associated with a markedly defective generation of immunoglobulin secreting cells, and as there was normal or increased T-cell helper activity without excessive suppressor activity, it seems likely that this was due to an intrinsic B-cell defect. PMID- 6224524 TI - Reduction of fensulfothion and accumulation of the product, fensulfothion sulfide, by selected microbes. PMID- 6224525 TI - [Fructose-2,6-diphosphate, a new regulator of metabolism]. PMID- 6224526 TI - A review and controlled study of cutaneous conditions associated with lithium carbonate. AB - This study compares the incidence of a variety of cutaneous conditions among 91 patients treated with lithium carbonate with the incidence of such conditions among 44 patients treated with other non-neuroleptic, maintenance medications. Data on cutaneous conditions and allergies were obtained using structured interviews, demographic data, medication histories and personal and family histories. A significantly greater proportion of the lithium-treated patients than the comparison patients reported a cutaneous condition which may have been secondary to treatment in that it developed for the first time after the medication or appeared to have been exacerbated by the medication. Among the lithium-treated patients, females were found to be significantly more likely to report a secondary cutaneous condition. This effect was found across the whole range of cutaneous conditions. Male lithium-treated patients on the other hand reported approximately the same rate of secondary cutaneous conditions as both male and female comparison patients. Possible reasons for this sexual effect on incidence are discussed. The literature on cutaneous conditions which have been associated with lithium therapy is also reviewed. PMID- 6224527 TI - Treatment of hepatic vein and inferior vena caval obstruction by balloon dilatation. PMID- 6224528 TI - Dermatoses associated with brominated swimming pools. PMID- 6224529 TI - Ethylenediamine and piperazine sensitivity. PMID- 6224530 TI - Allergy to aminophylline. PMID- 6224531 TI - Allergy to purified bovine, porcine, and human insulins. PMID- 6224532 TI - Stress-induced release of 5-HT in the hippocampus and its dependence on increased tryptophan availability: an in vivo electrochemical study. PMID- 6224533 TI - Attenuation of morphine-induced analgesia by p-chlorophenylalanine and p chloroamphetamine: test-dependent effects and evidence for brainstem 5 hydroxytryptamine involvement. AB - A number of studies on the role of 5-HT in morphine analgesia and regulation of nociception are reviewed. Highly divergent conclusions are found in the literature with regard to the importance of serotonergic structures. Several methodological differences, particularly with regard to lesion and depletion techniques and testing procedures, may account for the controversies in the literature. The experimental findings presented demonstrate attenuation of morphine-induced analgesia in the hot-plate and tail-flick tests, and increased responsiveness to noxious electrical shock following depletion of 5-HT in ascending and descending 5-HT pathways by PCPA (200 + 100 + 100 mg/kg on 3 consecutive days prior to testing) as well as following destruction of cerebral 5 HT terminals by PCA (2 X 10 mg/kg, 7 and 8 days before testing). This was also the case when the neurotoxic effect of PCA was largely restricted to the brainstem by pretreatment with the 5-HT reuptake inhibitor zimelidine (20 mg/kg prior to each PCA injection). Attenuation of morphine analgesia was not found in the flinch-jump test or in the hot-plate test when conducted immediately after flinch-jump testing. It is concluded that brainstem 5-HT connections may contribute to the analgetic effect of morphine, but only under certain test conditions. PMID- 6224534 TI - [Effect of active immunization against 17 beta-estradiol on cytosolic estrogen receptors in the rat uterus]. AB - Following active immunization of female rats against estradiol-17 beta, the amount of specific binding sites for estrogen decreased in uterine cytosol as a function of antiserum titres. They were undetected when antibodies titres were higher than 1/2000. Moreover, a binding protein specific for estradiol-17 beta appeared. Estradiol binding was not displaced with an excess of unlabeled DES nor precipitated with protamine sulfate. The sedimentation coefficient of the hormone protein complex (7-8 S) was not modified in medium of high ionic strength (0.4 M KCl). That protein represented antibodies to Estradiol-17 beta which could be precipitated with antiserum to rat IgG. PMID- 6224535 TI - [Use of scanning electron microscopy coupled with transmission electron microscopy in comparative studies of the relation between Schistosoma mansoni and Salmonella typhimurium]. AB - Relations between Schistosoma mansoni and Salmonella typhimurium are studied in vivo and in vitro using scanning and transmission electron microscopy as complementary methods. Salmonellae adhesion is a specific process materialized in special places of male and mature schistosome tegumental surface. Interactions are marked by bacterial strong fibres creating a network all around Schistosoma where Salmonellae are dividing. Membrane junction is the last stage leading to symbiotic balance between two biologic systems. PMID- 6224536 TI - [Histamine and prolactin liberation in the rhesus monkey]. AB - The effect of intra venous (i.v.) or intra cerebroventriculaire (i.c.v.) administration of histamine (HA) on plasma prolactin (PRL) levels was investigated in ovariectomized Rhesus Monkeys. Intra venous injection of 50 micrograms/kg HA increased the plasma PRL concentration but icv administration of 10 and 50 micrograms decreased PRL plasma levels. Intra venous injection of 2 thiazolyl-ethylamine, a H1 receptor agonist, rapidly stimulated PRL release (peak PRL concentration at 5 min) suggesting a direct effect on the pituitary. In contrast intra venous administration of the H2 receptor agonist, impromidine, inhibited PRL release at low doses. High doses of impromidine increased PRL concentrations but this effect was delayed (PRL peak values were reached at 20 minutes). Our results show that HA may influence PRL release in the primate via H1 and H2 receptors located at both pituitary and central levels. PMID- 6224537 TI - [Properties of membrane ionic currents in pituitary clone cells]. AB - Membrane ionic currents of the GH3 pituitary cell line have been studied using voltage clamp techniques. The inward current is completely blocked by cobalt (Co2+) ions and appeared to be carried by calcium ions. Three outward currents can be differentiated on the ground of kinetics and pharmacological studies: a transient current blocked by 4-aminopyridine (4 AP) and two delayed outward current which are voltage dependent. One is blocked by tetraethylammonium (TEA); the second is blocked by Co2+ and represents a calcium-activated potassium conductance. PMID- 6224538 TI - [Isolation from a pregnant woman of a serum protein responsible for inhibiting an in vitro cytotoxicity reaction]. AB - A non specific immunosupressive factor able to block an in vitro cytotoxicity reaction is demonstrated in the serum of pregnant women. A solution containing this blocking factor is obtained by gel filtration and precipitation of plasma by polyethylene glycol 4 000. Then after immunisation of rabbits the immune serum can be used for affinity chromatography. An alpha 2 glycoprotein has been separated which inhibits the in vitro cytotoxicity reaction and whose molecular weight determined by gel filtration and polyacrylamide gel is about 200 000 daltons. PMID- 6224539 TI - [Experimental study in anesthetized dogs of the harmful effects of coronary microemboli and their prevention by drugs]. AB - The present experiments have been performed in anesthetized dogs. They have allowed to determine the nocivity of air microembolus introduced directly in the circumflex branch of the left coronary artery. It has been suggested that to reduce post-operative disease due to microembolus at the end of an extracorporal circulation it is necessary to forbid the injection of isoprenalin and to realize a perfusion of papaverine. PMID- 6224540 TI - [Autonomic effects of scaritoxin in the cat and guinea pig. Cardiac protection by an anti-arrhythmia agent]. AB - A purified extract from the muscles of the fish Scarus gibbus (93% scaritoxin and 7% ciguatoxin) was tried on anesthetized cats and isolated guinea-pig atria. Intra-venous injection to cats (10, 20 and 40 mg/kg) induced deep respiratory depression, inhibition of duodenal contractions, increased salivary secretion, mydriasis and lacrymal secretion. Heart rate was slowed by 17 to 44 per cent. Impaired cardiac conduction led to different types of blocks. On the contrary, cardiac excitability was enhanced, as evidenced by the occurence of many auricular and mostly ventricular extra-systoles, often evolving into long periods of ventricular paroxysmal tachycardia. The rate of contraction of isolated guinea pig atria was equally depressed and this effect was antagonized by atropine. The duration of the refractory period was shortened; an inotropic effect was observed and the action of acetylcholine was potentiated by the toxin. Cholinesterase inhibition by scaritoxin, previously mentioned in other papers, is thus evidenced. Mydriasis and duodenal inhibition may be tentatively explained by a nicotinic effect on the sympatheticoadrenal system. This mechanism may be responsible for cardiac inotropic action and increased excitability. Other mechanisms may be suggested, including a possible digitalis-like effect due to a cyclopentanone ring in the scaritoxin molecule. Interestingly, intra-venous injections of the antiarrythmic drug procainamide (20 to 30 mg/kg) could either prevent or reverse the signs of cardiac hyperexcitability in the anesthetized cat. However, death results usually from respiratory depression, the intimate mechanism of which is not yet known. PMID- 6224541 TI - [Effect of interferon on cell populations enriched in NK activity]. AB - We have studied the NK activity after either interferon action or not, in total lymphocyte populations, as well as in cellular populations enriched with NK activity. (LGL = 76 +/- 13%). The incubation with interferon lasts 16 hours at 37 degrees C. The result obtained is an increase of the NK activity of the total lymphocyte population, while the cellular population, formerly enriched with NK activity, is not affected. These results are in favour of a necessary cellular cooperation on the interferon action on NK cells. PMID- 6224542 TI - [New method of iterative measurement of muscular force in normal and dystrophic mice]. AB - A new method is described, to perform repeated measures of twitch and tetanic tensions during isometric contractions of the tail's extensor muscles, in anesthetized mice. The results obtained from 20 normal and 15 dystrophic (S57 BL/6J dy/dy) mice are presented. This method may be a good tool for long term therapeutic trials in dystrophic mice. PMID- 6224543 TI - [Possibilities of obtaining, by passage on plantlets, reproduction forms (porospores) in strains of Alternaria (dematiaceous fungi) isolated from human cutaneous lesions and having lost the possibility of fructifying. Preliminary results]. AB - Strains of Alternaria (Dematiaceous Hyphomycetes) isolated from lesions in men or animals generally lose quickly their ability to fructify (porospores forming) after their isolation and keeping up on artificial culture mediums classicaly used in medical diagnostic laboratories. The authors, from the fact that Alternaria are fungi which are normally parasites of living plants, put, on plantlets from germinating corn seeds (graminaceous plant) and lentil seeds (papilionaceous plant), two strains of Alternaria isolated from human cases of alternariosis which were diagnosed in their laboratory and which did not give porospores since delays reaching 14 months. They obtained, on corn plantlets, very numerous, normal and mature porospores, and on lentil plantlets, or nothing with the first strain, or very rare porospores with the second. This method, if results are confirmed by further experimentations, will be usefull for the specific determination for strains isolated from lesions and become infertile. The differences of behaviour of two strains, according the botanical family of plantlets used, come perhaps from the relative host specificity of the most numerous species of Alternaria. PMID- 6224544 TI - [Effect of elevated levels of natural radioactivity on the fecundity of male mice]. AB - Male mice of the BALB/c strain were placed on the floor of a hut built at a site of Southwest France where the dose rate of gamma radiation amounts to about 10 mrad/h. Controls were kept near the radioactive site under comparable conditions. The doses of gamma rays received during a seven month period ranged from 0.1275 rad for the controls to 45 rad and 63 rad for the exposed animals. Due, possibly, to an effect on the libido exposure to 45 rad increased the fertility whereas the animals given 63 rad produced less offspring than the controls. PMID- 6224545 TI - [Comparison in vivo of the clastogenic properties of busulfan and cyclophosphamide]. AB - Cyclophosphamide was given i.p. to male and female mice in order to study the dose--and the time--response relationship for structural chromosome aberrations induced in bone marrow cells. The results were compared to previous observations made with busulfan. After injection of cyclophosphamide the frequency of abnormal cells is maximal after 24 hours and decreases rapidly at longer intervals At comparable doses, the percentage of damaged cells is higher after treatment with busulfan and, due probably to the low solubility of the compound, reaches a maximum only after 48 hours. These results confirm that the most obvious potential drawback of this short term test is the transient nature of such anomalies. PMID- 6224546 TI - [Immunoenzyme assay of human cartilaginous proteoglycans and their antibodies]. AB - An ELISA has been developed to measure human cartilaginous proteoglycans (PG) and their auto-antibodies. The assay is described step by step: successively the nature of the microtiter wells, the concentration of the PG to be coated, the optimal dilution of the antiserum, the length of various incubations and their respective temperature, are described. Standard curve obtained with purified PG is linear in a logit-log representation. The sensitivity of the assay is 2 ng/tube. Finally, biological fluids-serum and synovial fluid-show a good parallelism with PG. PMID- 6224547 TI - [Early pulmonary lesions from hyperoxia in rats]. AB - Normal rats exposed during one hour to pure normobaric oxygen, present pulmonary parenchymatous lesions: diffuse congestion, subpleural atelectasis in dissiminated small areas and hemorragic infarcts. Neither alveolar oedema nor abnormal vascular permeability have been observed. The lesions are not suppressed by pretreatment with promethazine (1 or 2 mg. 100 g-1). PMID- 6224549 TI - Unusual properties of a new division mutant of Escherichia coli. AB - The properties of a division mutant of Escherichia coli were investigated. At 42 degrees C, this mutant forms nonseptate, multinucleate, filamentous cells typical of division mutants, and at the permissive temperature, is sensitive to ultraviolet (UV) irradiation. Temperature and UV sensitivities are probably due to a single mutation. The mutant phenotype is dominant to wild type. The mutant cells make DNA nearly as effectively as control cells at 42 degrees C or following UV irradiation. They exhibit normal host-cell reactivation capacities and can express all manifestations of the SOS response with the exception of Weigle reactivation. The genetic lesion which mediates this pleiotropic effect is located very close to the leu locus of the linkage map. PMID- 6224548 TI - The effect of immunosuppression with cyclophosphamide on an experimental porcine enterovirus infection in piglets. AB - Eleven specific pathogen-free, five week old piglets were infected orally with the T80 strain of porcine enterovirus type 2. Three days after infection, five of the piglets were treated with cyclophosphamide, together with two of four uninfected control piglets. The treated, infected piglets developed severe diarrhea, and one showed signs of encephalomyelitis. These piglets showed no virological evidence of recovery from the infection, since the virus persisted throughout the intestinal tract, and they failed to mount a serological response. It was concluded that immunosuppression with cyclophosphamide impaired the normal recovery mechanisms in this infection, providing further evidence that the humoral immune response is an important defence mechanism against porcine enterovirus infection in piglets. PMID- 6224550 TI - Atrovent in the treatment of asthma. PMID- 6224551 TI - Functional aspects of T-cells from patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Responses to self, TNP-modified self, and alloantigens. AB - Peripheral blood T-cell proliferative responses to autologous non-T cells, Trinitrophenyl-modified autologous non-T cells, and allogeneic lymphocytes were measured in 27 patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) and 22 age- and sex matched healthy controls. The NHL patients were not receiving chemotherapy or immunosuppressive drugs at the time of the study and had not received such agents for at least 3 weeks prior to the study. Responses to autologous non-T cells (the autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction [AMLR] ) and to TNP-modified non-T cells were significantly lower in NHL patients than in controls (P less than 0.00002 and P less than 0.0001, respectively), but responses to alloantigens were not significantly different between the NHL patients and the controls (P greater than 0.85). There was no definite correlation of low AMLR responses with disease activity, and normal AMLR responses did not define a subgroup of patients relative to histopathologic findings. The deficiency of AMLR in NHL patients appears to be due to a disturbance in the T-cell compartment. PMID- 6224553 TI - Long-term survival of adult mouse mammary glands in culture and their response to a retinoid. PMID- 6224554 TI - Elevated activity of beta-hexosaminidase and sulfhydryl modification in the B variant of human lung cancer. AB - Activities of beta-hexosaminidase A and beta-hexosaminidase B (Hex B) were measured both in human lung carcinoma and the adjacent normal tissues of 47 patients. The specific activity of total beta-hexosaminidase in the tumors was considerably higher than in the adjacent normal tissues, irrespective of histological types. In isoelectric focusing experiments, Hex B purified from normal lung exhibited a single peak with an isoelectric point (pI) of 7.9, while Hex B purified from adenocarcinoma contained two forms with pI 7.6 and 7.9. With respect to heat stability, Hex B from the normal lung was very stable at 52 degrees, while the tumor Hex B (mixture of pI 7.6 and 7.9 forms) was unstable. After treatment of the tumor enzyme with dithiothreitol, heat stability was restored. When the tumor pI 7.6 form was treated with dithiothreitol and subjected to polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, the enzyme converted to a pI 7.9 form similar to that of the normal lung. Determination of the sulfhydryl group of the tumor pI 7.6 form under nondenaturing conditions showed that the enzyme had some easily reducible disulfide bonds on its surface. These findings indicate that the formation of mixed disulfide bonds in the tumor Hex B increases the net negative charge and results in the appearance of a heat-labile form. PMID- 6224555 TI - Phase I study of continuous venous infusion of floxuridine (5-FUDR) chemotherapy. AB - Floxuridine (5-FUDR) was administered by continuous venous infusion using an ambulatory portable pump in a phase I study designed to establish the optimal (maximal) daily dose rate to deliver a minimum of 14 days of drug therapy. The major determinant of toxicity was dose rate rather than cumulative dose. Patients receiving greater than 0.15 mg/kg/day developed dose-limiting diarrhea at 7-14 days (median, 10), while patients receiving 0.1-0.125 mg/kg/day were treated for 18-78 days without adverse effects. The recommended daily dose rate for continuous-infusion schedules of 14 days is 0.15 mg/kg/day. PMID- 6224557 TI - Cyclodextrin glycosyltransferases from Klebsiella pneumoniae M 5 al and Bacillus macerans: quantitative analysis by high-performance liquid chromatography of the (1 leads to 4)-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl transfer-products from some linear and cyclic substrates. AB - The analysis of the (1 leads to 4)-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl transfer-products from some linear and cyclic substrates by quantitative h.p.l.c. illuminated the mode of action of the cyclodextrin glycosyltransferases [1 leads to 4)-alpha-D glucan:[(1 leads to 4)-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl]transferase (cyclising), EC 2.4.1.19) from Klebsiella pneumoniae M 5 al and Bacillus macerans. D Glucopyranosyl transfer, obligatory for maltose (poor substrate), was preferred for maltotriose (good substrate). The lengths of linear disproportionation products increased with the lengths of the linear substrates. Cyclodextrins were produced from maltotriose and maltopentaose, but not from maltose. The cyclodextrins were substrates in the absence of acceptors. The cyclodextrin transformation started without the formation of detectable amounts of linear transfer-products. The cyclodextrin composition of long-term digests was nearly the same with all the cyclic substrates, cycloheptaamylose being the main cyclic compound. The linear carbohydrate was uniformly distributed from maltose up to at least maltononaose. The enzyme from Bacillus macerans was the least active, but long-term digests yielded results comparable to those obtained with the enzyme from Klebsiella pneumoniae M 5 al. PMID- 6224556 TI - Treatment of five subcutaneous human glioma tumor lines in athymic mice with carmustine, procarbazine, and mithramycin. AB - Five human glioma tumor lines were transplanted subcutaneously in athymic nude mice. Three of the lines (D-54 MG, U-118 MG, and U-251 MG) were derived from permanent human glioma cell lines, while the other two lines (N-456 and N-519) were established as direct xenografts in mice. Growth rates varied among the lines, but all were treated at a common average tumor volume of 200-300 mm3. Three drugs of known clinical activity against human anaplastic glial tumors were tested in this system. Procarbazine (PCB) produced significant responses in all five tumor lines, carmustine produced significant growth delays in two, and mithramycin produced a slight growth delay in only one. A carmustine-PCB combination produced a greater therapeutic effect than either agent alone against D-54 MG, but the combination was no more effective than PCB alone against U-118 MG. These results parallel clinical experience and indicate that this is a useful model for testing agents of potential activity in brain tumor therapy. PMID- 6224558 TI - Selective depolymerisation of keratan sulfate: production of radiolabelled substrates for 6-O-sulfogalactose sulfatase and beta-D-galactosidase. AB - Keratan sulfate (KS) was N-deacetylated with anhydrous hydrazine and then degraded with nitrous acid, and the products were reduced with NaBT4. Radiolabelled disaccharides constituted at least 76% of the total oligosaccharide fraction. Three major disaccharides were isolated and identified. Of the total disaccharide isolated from bovine intervertebral-disc and human costal-cartilage, 91 and 79%, respectively, was identified as a disulfated disaccharide, O-(beta-D galactopyranosyl 6-sulfate)-(1 leads to 4)-2,5-anhydro-D-[1-3H]mannitol 6-sulfate (Gal6S-anM6S). The disaccharide fraction isolated from bovine-cornea KS contained only 14% of Gal6S-anM6S. The yield of monosulfated disaccharide, identified as O beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1 leads to 4)-2,5-anhydro-D-[1-3H]mannitol 6-sulfate, was 9, 17, and 84% of the total KS-disaccharide fraction isolated from intervertebral disc, costal cartilage, and cornea, respectively. For each of the KS type studied, the yield of unsulfated disaccharide was less than 4% of the total disaccharide-fraction. The tetrasaccharides were fractionated, on the basis of their sulfate content, into at least four species by paper electrophoresis, and some tentative structures are proposed. Disaccharide and tetrasaccharide species were evaluated as substrates for beta-D-galactosidase and 6-O sulfogalactose sulfatase. PMID- 6224552 TI - Extracellular matrix destruction by invasive tumor cells. AB - The invasion of normal tissues and penetration of basement membranes by malignant cells is likely to require the active participation of hydrolytic enzymes. The four major groups of connective tissue proteins, glycoproteins, proteoglycans, collagen and elastin, vary in their quantitative distributions between different tissues. With the exception of elastin, they also vary qualitatively within each class, so that there are no 'typical' connective tissue barriers to tumor cell penetration. The matrix constituents are stabilized and organized by a variety of covalent and noncovalent interactions between the connective tissue proteins. These interactions play important roles in matrix integrity and may alter the susceptibilities of the constituents to degradative enzymes. It is likely that the complete degradation of the matrix will require the action of more than one enzyme because of differing susceptibilities to tissue proteinases. Primary and transplantable tumors produce well-characterized enzymes which may participate in invasion. These enzymes may also be involved in connective tissue turnover in other normal and pathological situations. The use of long-term tumor cell cultures has verified that tumor cells themselves are capable of producing these enzymes. However, there are many potential modulating influences operative in vivo which are absent in culture so that details of actual mechanisms and control of digestion of complex substrates are not well understood. Recent work on the degradation by tumor cells of extracellular matrices previously produced by cultured cells is likely to shed more light on pathways of tissue destruction in vivo. Experiments with tumor cell variants of defined metastatic potentials will also be useful, but invasive and metastatic abilities are not necessarily correlated. It is unlikely that simple correlations can be drawn between the production of one particular degradative enzyme by all tumor cells and the complex biological mechanisms operative during tumor invasion. PMID- 6224559 TI - Subclavian artery stenosis treated by transluminal angioplasty: six cases. AB - Transluminal angioplasty (TLA) has been used in six patients with subclavian artery stenosis admitted to a large community hospital. Five patients had lesions proximal to the origin of the left vertebral artery, three of whom had angiographic evidence of subclavian steal syndrome. In all six, arteries were successfully dilated with only one complication of a hematoma at an arteriotomy site. In a 10 to 24-month follow-up, all six patients have remained totally asymptomatic without any further complications. PMID- 6224560 TI - Angioplasty in stenosis of the innominate artery. AB - We describe a successful percutaneous transluminal dilatation (PTD) of an innominate artery stenosis in a 40-year-old patient with aortic arch syndrome. Five years earlier both a left central carotid artery occlusion and an innominate and left subclavian artery stenosis were treated by grafting from the aorta to the distal vessels. At recurrence of the neurological symptoms, reocclusion of the graft to the innominate artery and subtotal stenosis of the left carotid anastomosis were noted. To prevent the hazards of a reoperation, the innominate artery stenosis was dilated by means of PTD via the right brachial artery. Success of the procedure was demonstrated by Doppler sonography and angiography. It appears that PTD serves as an excellent method of treating stenoses of the aortic arch branches in aortic arch syndrome. PMID- 6224561 TI - The absence of effect of chemical sympathectomy on ventricular hypertrophy induced by hypoxia in young rabbits. AB - Young rabbits, eight at a time, were exposed to 203 and 208 h (groups I and II) and 283 and 298 h (groups III and IV) of hypoxia (O2 at 70 to 80 mmHg), at atmospheric pressure. The animals were injected ip with 25 mg X kg-1 on the first day, and with 50 mg X kg-1 on the second day and every 48 h thereafter of guanethidine (G) or 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) (O), or an equivalent volume of saline (H = hypoxic controls, or N = normoxic controls). This regime of treatment abolished, in normoxic and hypoxic animals alike, the effect of sympathetic nerve stimulation on the pupil at voltages which produced maximum dilatation in control animals. Injection of atenolol reduced heart rate by 32% in control animals, but had no effect in the guanethidine treated animals, and a very small effect in the 6-OHDA treated group. The animals in each group were litter mates of those in the other groups. In the first series the dry weight of the hypoxic right ventricles increased, relative to the normoxic controls, by 38.8% (H), 40.5% (G) and 40.9% (O). There was no left ventricular hypertrophy in the hypoxic animals, but there was a small, but not statistically significant, rise in the haematocrit (Hct). In the second series the right ventricular hypertrophy was greater (+98% (H), +89% (G) and +102% (O]. There was also a significant left ventricular hypertrophy (+38% (H), +40.3% (G) and +41% (O] and a highly significant increase in haematocrit in all the hypoxic groups. The right atria were only slightly hypertrophied in the first series, but greatly hypertrophied in the second series (+103%, H), an effect attenuated by the treatment (+34%, G, and +39%, O). When each treated hypoxic animal was compared with its untreated hypoxic littermate (n = 12), the mean treated/untreated ratio for the right ventricular dry weight was 0.991 +/- 0.022 for the guanethidine group (n = 11) and 1.023 +/- 0.043 for the 6 hydroxydopamine (n = 11). Such identity of the extent of the hypertrophy in all the hypoxic groups, irrespective of the duration of hypoxia, implies that the hypertrophy was not conditional upon sympathetic activity. PMID- 6224562 TI - [Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. Clinical experience]. PMID- 6224563 TI - Ciliary but not saltatory movements are inhibited by vanadate microinjected into living cultured cells. AB - To test the idea that saltatory organelle movements of nonmuscle cells might be driven by microtubule-dynein interactions, we microinjected vanadate into several different types of cultured cell. Solutions of sodium metavanadate made up in a simple buffered salt solution were pressure microinjected into fully spread cells in an open-topped culture chamber placed on the stage of an inverted microscope. The cells were observed by oil-immersion phase-contrast optics and results were recorded on movie film. Vanadate, at 10(-5)-10(-2) M, microinjected into cultured chick embryo fibroblasts, failed to inhibit organelle movements. To test the effectiveness of vanadate's inhibitory action under living cell conditions, ciliated epithelial cells were microinjected. In these cells even the smallest microinjection of 5 X 10(-5) M vanadate caused an immediate cessation of ciliary beating. Moreover, in cells that were well spread it was found that whereas vanadate, at 5 X 10(-5)-5 X 10(-3) M, inhibited ciliary motion, it failed to inhibit organelle saltations in the same cell. To determine whether vanadate would inhibit a living actin-myosin system, myocardial cells were also microinjected. Following microinjection of 5 X 10(-5) and 5 X 10(-4) M vanadate a temporary tonic contraction (which also occurred following microinjection of buffer alone) was followed by regular beating. Taken together these results demonstrate that in living cell systems microtubule-dynein interactions are as sensitive to vanadate inhibition as they are in demembranated model systems, and that a working actin-myosin system in a living muscle cell does not share this great sensitivity. In light of the pronounced differential inhibitory effects of vanadate on the movements of cilia and organelles, our results suggest that saltatory organelle movements in chick embryo fibroblasts and rabbit oviduct epithelial cells are unlikely to be brought about by microtubule-dynein interactions. PMID- 6224564 TI - Cell motility and microtubules in cultured fibroblasts from patients with Kartagener syndrome. AB - Patients with Kartagener syndrome (KS) show defects in ciliary and flagellar movement that are usually associated with the partial or total absence of dynein side arms from axonemal microtubules. Dynein is essential for such movements, but its involvement in other cellular (particularly microtubule-related) processes is unknown. It has recently been reported that neutrophils from KS patients show impaired motility including responses to chemotactic stimuli, suggesting that dynein-like proteins may be generally involved in motile processes. In support of this, we have now found that spontaneous motility of cultured skin fibroblasts from KS patients is also markedly impaired. Three cell lines derived from skin explants of KS patients with deficient dynein side arms in nasal cilia and eight cell lines derived from normal volunteers were studied. Fibroblasts were seeded into dishes containing colloidal gold-coated cover glasses [Albrecht-Buehler, 1977], incubated for 24h at 37 degrees C, and the area of cell "phagokinetic" tracks determined. Each cell line studied in this manner reproducibly displayed an amount of spontaneous motility characteristic for that cell line. The mean track area (+/- SE) for all control cells studied was 14.6 +/- 0.5 X 10(3) micron2 whereas for KS fibroblasts was 8.7 +/- 0.4 X 10(3) micron2 (P less than 0.001). Immunofluorescence microscopy using antitubulin and antihuman 210 K MAP antibodies revealed no differences in the staining patterns between control and KS fibroblasts. Pinocytic rates were identical, and the complement of tubulin and major microtubule associated proteins as seen on one-dimensional SDS polyacrylamide gel autoradiographs appeared similar for control and KS cells. Thus, the observed motility defect is probably not the result of alterations in the occurrence or distribution of microtubules or in the occurrence or binding of the major microtubule-associated proteins. This defect in cellular motility may be related to the absence of dynein or may reflect another independent cellular defect. PMID- 6224565 TI - [Investigation on cases of post-poliomyelitis crippling in the eastern district of Beijing]. PMID- 6224566 TI - The drug eruption story. PMID- 6224567 TI - Balloon occlusion angiography in critically ill neonates. AB - The use of balloon occlusion of a vessel during angiography is described in small ill babies. There were no complications associated with the technique, and angiographic visualisation of structures proximal to the balloon was improved especially in aortic arch anomalies. PMID- 6224568 TI - Interaction of the plasmid R6K-encoded replication initiator protein with its binding sites on DNA. AB - Initiation of DNA replication in plasmid R6K is potentiated by the plasmid encoded 35 kd replication initiator protein. We had previously reported that the initiator bound to two regions of R6K DNA called Site I and Site II. Using DNAase I footprinting technique we have demonstrated that the initiator bound to seven tandem repeats of a 22 bp long sequence in Site I. In Site II, the initiator bound to a single repeat having the same consensus sequence and to two partial repeats that most likely overlap the promoter of the initiation protein cistron. Using dimethyl sulfate as a chemical probe, we have determined the purine residues of Site I and Site II that make contact with the initiator protein. The results show that eight out of nine contact points per repeat in Site I were located on one of the two strands of the DNA. The binding of the initiator to the Site II sequence could explain the observed autoregulation of the synthesis of the initiator protein by promoter occlusion. PMID- 6224569 TI - Spontaneous formation of nucleus-like structures around bacteriophage DNA microinjected into Xenopus eggs. AB - We have found that injection of bacteriophage lambda DNA into unfertilized Xenopus eggs causes the assembly around the DNA of structures resembling typical eucaryotic cell nuclei. These spherical structures begin to form 60-90 min after injection. They contain lambda DNA and are bounded by a phase-dense envelope. Immunofluorescent staining of the lambda-DNA-containing structures with anti lamin antibody reveals the presence of the lamin nuclear proteins at the periphery of the structure, a pattern identical to that of embryonic nuclei. Electron microscopy reveals that the injected DNA is surrounded by a double bilayer nuclear membrane containing nuclear pore complexes. The "nuclei" containing lambda DNA respond to modulators of the Xenopus cell cycle in a manner that mimics the response of embryonic nuclei to these modulators during mitosis. These results suggest that nuclear reassembly and breakdown occur independently of specific DNA sequence information. PMID- 6224570 TI - Role of I-J in neonatal suppression. AB - Spleen cells from neonatal mice belonging to strains with the I-J-b or I-J-k genotype, were treated with anti-I-Jb or anti-I-Jk antibody and complement. This reduces their suppressor cell activity as demonstrated by a decrease in the ability to suppress the mixed-lymphocyte reactivity of adult spleen cells. Injection of anti-I-J antibody into neonatal mice also reduces splenic suppressor cell activity prematurely. The removal of suppressor cells from neonatal spleen does not result in an immediate increase in mixed-lymphocyte reactivity (cell mediated immunity) but does hasten the development of mixed-lymphocyte reactivity in the young mice. The results are discussed in light of the hypothesis that suppressor cells inhibit the function of immunocompetent cells in the neonatal mouse and control the development of immunocompetence. PMID- 6224571 TI - Spontaneous helper factor production by nonadherent rabbit lymphoid cells and its feedback regulation by adherent cells. AB - Normal, unstimulated rabbit lymphoid cells, when depleted of adherent cells, produced soluble helper factor activity that augmented antibody formation by rabbit spleen cells primed against sheep red blood cells (SRBC). Adherent cells inhibited the production of the helper factor by nonadherent cells via a soluble product. Thus unseparated (adherent cell-containing) appendix, lymph node, and spleen cell cultures did not produce the helper factor. On the other hand, the activity of the helper factor required the presence of adherent cells in the assay cultures. Peritoneal exudate cells, predominantly esterase positive, also inhibited the production of the helper factor if they were first exposed to the helper factor-containing culture supernatant. These results imply that a helper factor may participate in the feedback regulation of its own production via an adherent cell population. PMID- 6224572 TI - Cell-biology of ageing. 11. The effect of vitamin E, vitamin C and sodium selenite on the ageing syndromes of early senescent mutants of Neurospora crassa. PMID- 6224573 TI - Elevation of urinary trehalase in mercuric chloride-induced nephrotoxic rabbits: urinary trehalase as a specific indicator of renal brush border damage. AB - The origin of urinary trehalase in mercuric chloride-induced nephrotoxic rabbits was demonstrated with biochemical and immunochemical techniques. Urinary trehalase was dramatically increased with HgCl2-induced nephrotoxicity. The nephrotoxic kidney showed an extreme decrease in specific fluorescence with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-conjugated antibody technique. Moreover, trehalase activity in the membrane fraction was remarkably decreased in the nephrotic kidney compared with the control. Judging from the results of immunodiffusion, urinary trehalase and renal trehalase exhibit the same antigenicity. From the data of a time course analysis of nephrotoxicity, the excretion of urinary trehalase was earlier than that of urinary sugar. Previous results show that renal trehalase is localized in the renal tubular brush borders. From these results, it is suggested that urinary trehalase is originated in the renal brush borders. In consideration of the results described in previous papers and in this paper, it is proposed that urinary trehalase is a good indicator of renal brush border damage. PMID- 6224574 TI - [Pharmacognostic identification of Altermanthera philoxeroides]. PMID- 6224575 TI - [Effect of processing on the antibacterial action and constituents of Rhubarb]. PMID- 6224576 TI - [Effect of high-pressure steam sterilization on the quality of Huo-Xiang-Zheng-Qi Wan]. PMID- 6224577 TI - [Development and improvement of the method of separation of the anthraquinone constituents in Rhubarb]. PMID- 6224578 TI - [Ecological studies on the increased production of interplanting grain, vegetable and Aconitum carmichaeli]. PMID- 6224579 TI - [Isolation and identification of elemene from the essential oil of Curcuma wenyujin]. PMID- 6224580 TI - [Prevention of experimental atherosclerosis in rabbits with Ligustrum lucidum fruit]. PMID- 6224582 TI - [Progress in medicinal chemistry of natural products]. PMID- 6224581 TI - [Effect of Tripterygium regelli on the inflammation induced by an immune complex]. PMID- 6224583 TI - [Introduction and propagation of Piper longum]. PMID- 6224584 TI - [Pharmacognostic studies on 3 types of Plantago seeds]. PMID- 6224585 TI - [Observation on the cytology of tongue coating in common childhood diseases]. PMID- 6224586 TI - [Correlation between the neutrophil percentage and clinical diagnosis of Xu and Shi syndrome of traditional Chinese medicine]. PMID- 6224587 TI - [The relationship between plasma cyclic nucleotides and gastric mucosal metaplasia in stomach disease with splenic deficiency--analysis of 42 cases]. PMID- 6224588 TI - [The effect of Lingzhi injection and 3 kinds of its extracts on the level of 2,3 diphosphoglyceric acid in erythrocytes]. PMID- 6224589 TI - [Exploration of the basis for the selection of research items in the combination of traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine]. PMID- 6224590 TI - [Recent studies on the chemical constituents and pharmacological actions of dangshen (Codonopsis pilosula)]. PMID- 6224591 TI - [Progress in pharmacological research of classical Chinese prescriptions in compliance with the principles of traditional Chinese medicine (II)]. PMID- 6224592 TI - [A brief account of clinical research reported at the National Seminars on Deficiency Syndrome and the Prevention and Treatment of Gerontal Diseases]. PMID- 6224593 TI - [Summary of the First Traditional Chinese Medicine-Western Medicine Symposium on Pediatrics]. PMID- 6224594 TI - [Problems of objectivity to the criterion of differentiation of symptom-complex in deficiency syndromes of traditional Chinese medicine]. PMID- 6224595 TI - [Relations between deficiency syndrome of traditional Chinese medicine and plasma sex hormones and effects of the treatment according to Chinese medicine on diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 6224596 TI - [The study on relationship between plasma sex hormones and symptom-complex types in coronary disease in men]. PMID- 6224597 TI - [Experiences in the treatment of chronic renal failure by traditional Chinese medicine--a clinical analysis of 53 cases]. PMID- 6224598 TI - [Combined treatment of uremia with Chinese herbal medicine and western medicine]. PMID- 6224599 TI - [Treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus by dietary control and traditional Chinese medicine--observation of 50 cases]. PMID- 6224600 TI - [Combined treatment of chronic osteomyelitis with traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine--analysis of 200 cases]. PMID- 6224601 TI - [Combined treatment of aplastic anemia with traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine--a clinical analysis of 60 cases]. PMID- 6224602 TI - [Clinical observation on the increase of leukocyte count in leukopenia promoted by diethylester Rubia cordifolia L]. PMID- 6224603 TI - A phase II study of high-dose medroxyprogesterone acetate in advanced breast cancer. AB - Twenty-three evaluable patients with advanced breast cancer were treated with MPA, 1,400 mg/m2 daily PO for the first 6 months, and 500 mg/m2 daily PO thereafter. The median total dose was 191,400 mg in 88 days, with the maximum dose given to date 522,600 mg in 282 days. Most patients tolerated high-dose MPA well. Side-effects were minimal and reversible. The commonest side-effects were tremor or edema. The CR plus PR rate was five of 23 (22%). All responding patients were over 50 years of age and had a good performance status. Hormone receptor status was known in four patients only, so that no correlation between receptor status and response could be drawn. MPA appears to be a useful hormone for use in the management of breast cancer. Optimal dosage remains to be determined. PMID- 6224604 TI - Medroxyprogesterone acetate (MAP) plasma levels after multiple high-dose administration in advanced cancer patients. AB - Medroxyprogesterone acetate plasma levels were measured in advanced cancer patients after multiple PO or IM administration (500, 1000, 2000, 3000, 4000, and 5000 mg/day PO and 500, 1000, 2000 mg/day IM for 30 days). After PO administration, the plasma concentration rises quickly and plateau level is reached in 4-10 days. Discontinuation of the treatment produces a fast decay (t1/2 = 62.4 h) of the drug levels. When medroxyprogesterone acetate is given IM plasma levels, steadily increase and after drug discontinuation no noticeable decay is observed for at least 6 months; plateau plasma levels are about three times higher than after the corresponding PO treatment. Extremely high interpatient variation in bioavailability is present with both administration routes. These data may well rationalize the results of previous clinical trials and will help in planning treatment schedules. PMID- 6224605 TI - Inhibition of mammary tumorigenesis in nulliparous C3H mice by chronic feeding of the synthetic retinoid, N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-retinamide. AB - Feeding of N-(hydroxyphenyl)retinamide (4-HPR) (1.0 mM/kg diet) for 39 weeks to 2 month old nulliparous C3H/Crgl mice significantly (p less than 0.01) reduced the incidence of mammary tumors; 98 control mice developed a total of 235 mammary tumors, 100 4-HPR treated mice developed 171 mammary tumors. Feeding the same dietary level of 4-HPR to 4-6 month old multiparous C3H mice for 14 weeks did not significantly influence the development of mammary tumors; 78 control mice developed a total of 115 mammary tumors; 78 4-HPR treated mice developed 130 mammary tumors. Body weight gains were comparable among 4-HPR treated mice and control mice. Significant suppression of mouse mammary gland tumorigenesis in vivo by dietary retinoids (nulliparous C3H mice) has heretofore not been reported. PMID- 6224606 TI - Contractile function, myosin ATPase activity and isozymes in the hypertrophied pig left ventricle after a chronic progressive pressure overload. AB - Experimental right ventricular pressure-overload hypertrophy in small mammals is associated with early muscle dysfunction, even before the onset of overt pump failure. Experimental results are quite heterogeneous regarding muscle function of the pressure hypertrophied left ventricle. Muscle dysfunction of the right or left ventricle, when found, may be causally related to alterations of myosin ATPase activity and isozyme type. However, the effect of a gradual pressure overload, analogous to that which occurs in human aortic stenosis, on myocardial contractile function and myosin ATPase activity has not been studied in a large animal whose normal myosin isozyme pattern resembles that of man. We therefore studied pump performance, myocardial contractile function, and myosin ATPase activity and isozyme pattern in pigs with severe, gradually applied left ventricular pressure overload. Thirteen weeks after supravalvular aortic banding, 10 pigs grew more than 7-fold in body weight and were found to have an aortic stenosis area of 0.5 +/- 0.1 cm2 with a gradient of 93 +/- 12 mm Hg. Compared with nine control animals, the banded animals had a 67% increase in left ventricular mass relative to body weight without overt pump failure as measured by cardiac index and pulmonary artery wedge pressure. Left ventricular ejection performance, measured as shortening fraction, was maintained except in three animals with extreme hypertrophy, in which depressed ejection performance may have been due to an afterload mismatch, myocardial dysfunction, or both. Myocardial contractile function, determined from the end-systolic stress-diameter relationship, was normal except in two pigs in which ejection performance was depressed and left ventricular mass was more than doubled. Only the slow V3 isozyme of myosin ATPase was found in both normal and hypertrophied pig myocardium, and the ATPase activity was normal in pigs with all degrees of hypertrophy. Thus, in a large animal model of severe, gradual left ventricular pressure overload, in which myosin isozyme pattern remains apparently unaltered, moderate hypertrophy can be associated with normal myosin ATPase activity and contractile function that is normal by current methods of evaluation. PMID- 6224607 TI - Percutaneous transluminal dilatation of posttransplant renal artery stenosis: beneficial effects in two cases at high surgical risk. AB - Two clinical cases are described in which percutaneous transluminal dilatation (PTD) determined the correction of hypertension and renal hypoperfusion due to renal artery stenosis of the transplanted kidney. PMID- 6224608 TI - Neomycin: a review with particular reference to dermatological usage. PMID- 6224609 TI - Relationship between T cell subsets and suppressor cell activity in chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. AB - The relationship between T cell subset, as defined by monoclonal antibodies, and suppressor cell function, using a short lived suppressor cell assay, was studied in 38 chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) carriers and in 32 patients with HBsAg negative chronic active hepatitis (CAH). Patients with HBV chronic infection showed an absolute reduction in the OKT4 positive subset and a significantly decreased OKT4/OKT8 ratio, as compared with healthy controls. Patients with anti nuclear antibodies (ANA) and anti-smooth muscle antibodies (ASMA) positive CAH with or without antibodies to HBV antigens, namely anti-HBs and anti-HBc, demonstrated a significant reduction in cytotoxic/suppressor T cells and an increased helper/suppressor ratio. A negative correlation between suppressor index (SI) and OKT4/OKT8 ratio (P less than 0.01), and a positive correlation between SI and OKT8 positive cells absolute number (P less than 0.01) were also observed. PMID- 6224610 TI - Immunoregulation in glomerulonephritis, Henoch--Schonlein purpura and lupus nephritis. AB - Immunoregulation was examined in normal controls and in patients with immune complex glomerulonephritis and lupus nephritis (SLE) using OKT monoclonal anti bodies against helper (OKT4) and suppressor (OKT8) T cell subsets. Functional studies assessed T cell control of in vitro immunoglobulin synthesis by cultured peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). IgG and IgA synthesis was measured in unstimulated, pokeweed mitogen (PWM) stimulated and PWM + concanavalin A (Con A) stimulated cultures. Patients with primary membranous nephropathy (MN) and mesangial IgA nephropathy (IgA GN) were found to have elevated T4/T8 ratios secondary to a deficiency of the T8+ subset. Patients with SLE had low T4/T8 ratios. B cell activation with high spontaneous immunoglobulin synthesis was present in cell cultures from patients with SLE, IgA GN and Henoch-Schonlein purpura (HSP). Defective Con A inducible suppression of in vitro immunoglobulin synthesis was found in SLE, HSP and to a lesser extent, primary MN. Functional Con A inducible suppressor defects correlated with elevated T4/T8 ratios only in patients with MN. All four disorders appear to share disturbances of cellular immune response with various degrees of defective immune suppression; however, it is not clear from these studies whether the defects are primary or secondary phenomena. PMID- 6224611 TI - In vitro X-ray irradiation of human peripheral blood T lymphocytes enhances suppressor function. AB - We studied the effect of in vitro X-ray irradiation on human peripheral blood T lymphocytes, with regard to their suppressor activity related to the concanavalin A (Con A)-induced suppressor system. To generate suppressor T lymphocytes, purified human T lymphocytes were incubated for 3 days in the first culture, with or without Con A. These lymphocytes were irradiated with various doses of X-ray before, mid or after the culture. After doing a second culture for 6 days, we measured the suppressive influence of these cells on T lymphocyte proliferation rates stimulated with allogeneic mononuclear cells, and B lymphocyte proliferation rates stimulated with pokeweed mitogen. Irradiation (1,000 rad) of cultures to which Con A had not been added induced much the same level of suppressor activity as seen in the cultures with Con A. The suppressor activity gradually increased with lapse of time from the irradiation to the suppressor cell assay. Suppressor T lymphocytes were resistant to X-ray irradiation and independent of DNA synthesis. On the other hand, irradiation-induced enhancement was minimal in cultures incubated with Con A, regardless of the irradiation time. As irradiation of human peripheral blood T lymphocytes was found to induce a suppressor function in vitro, clinical and experimental applications of irradiation in cases of a suppressed T lymphocyte function may be feasible. PMID- 6224612 TI - Human B cell function in responder and non-responder individuals. II. The role of T helper cells in promoting the PWM-induced B cell production of immunoprotein. AB - Sorted OKT4+ cells treated with pokeweed mitogen (PWM) and subsequently X irradiated were used as a source of helper T cells to examine human T and B cell function. PWM-induced immunoprotein synthesis by human peripheral blood lymphocytes was the model used to study the cellular interactions. PWM was shown to induce helper T cell function which caused non-PWM treated B cells to secrete immunoglobulin. PBL from certain individuals could not be induced by PWM to secrete Ig therefore allogeneic co-cultures of helper T cells and B cells were examined to define the defective cell population. Ig synthesis in allogeneic cultures of T and B cells was always greater than that observed in autologous cultures when cells from responders were assayed. However, when allogeneic cultures were initiated using B cells from a responder and PWM treated T cells from a non-responder and examined for Ig synthesis, the B cell responses were markedly lower than seen in the autologous responder cultures. In addition, PWM activated helper T cells from a responder induced a significantly higher Ig synthesis by B cells from a non-responder. These observations indicate that PBL from individuals who do not respond in a PWM driven Ig synthesis assay have relatively normal B cell function but are deficient in helper T cell function. PMID- 6224613 TI - Pre-incubation of human monocytes results in loss of effector activity and diminished stimulation of the autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction. AB - Human monocytes were cultured at 37 degrees C for 72 h, washed, adjusted for viability and compared to freshly prepared monocytes for stimulation of the autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction (AMLR) and effector function. Pre-incubated monocytes were less potent AMLR stimulators than were freshly prepared cells. Pre incubated monocytes demonstrated less antibody-dependent tumour killing of CCRF CEM, less killing of Staphylococci and less spontaneous tumour killing of K-562 than did fresh monocytes. Pre-incubated monocytes produced less prostaglandin E2, demonstrated less surface Ia antigen and were less efficient accessory cells for antigen presentation than were fresh monocytes. AMLR stimulation correlated with monocyte killing (r = 0.95) and PGE2 production (r = 0.98). Thus, monocytes pre incubated for 3 days are less active effector cells, display less surface Ia antigen and are less potent stimulators of the AMLR than fresh monocytes. Moreover, in this system, monocyte effector activity correlates with ability to stimulate the AMLR. PMID- 6224614 TI - Mononuclear cell function in Mycobacterium tuberculosis infected guinea pigs. AB - In this study mononuclear cell function was studied in the lymph glands, spleen, and peripheral blood of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infected guinea pigs. Adherent cells from draining lymph nodes and spleens of infected animals spontaneously produced a factor which inhibited normal lymphocyte proliferative responses. As it has previously been shown that this factor activates a population of suppressor T cells, resident lymphocytes in the lymph nodes and spleen were examined and were shown to inhibit normal lymphocyte functions. It is suggested that adherent cells ingesting M. tuberculosis spontaneously release a suppressor cell activating factor (SCAF) which locally activates lymphocytes to become suppressor cells. Even at a time of overwhelming infection, peripheral blood adherent cells could not be shown to release SCAF and peripheral blood suppressor cells could not be identified. Although peripheral blood lymphocyte proliferative responses to PHA were normal in infected animals, their ability to produce the lymphokine macrophage inhibition factor was considerably reduced after the second week of infection. This dissociation between lymphocyte proliferation and lymphokine production is similar to that previously described in humans overwhelming tuberculosis. PMID- 6224615 TI - IgE responses of malnourished mice: immunogenic and tolerogenic effects of low grade antigenic stimulation. AB - Mice maintained on protein-restricted diets after weaning manifested normal IgE (and IgG) responses following intraperitoneal immunization under conditions of maximal antigenic stimulation, i.e., antigen adsorbed to adjuvant. However, antigenic challenge at levels closer to the stimulation threshold, employing soluble antigen alone, revealed marked differences between the immune competence of normal and malnourished animals. Diminished IgE responsiveness to soluble antigen in the malnourished mice was accompanied by enhanced susceptibility to the induction of antigen-specific tolerance associated with the appearance of suppressor T cells in the spleen. It is argued that enhanced susceptibility to suppressor T-cell induction under conditions of minimal antigenic stimulation may underlie the diminished IgE responsiveness of the malnourished animals. PMID- 6224616 TI - Gastric mucosal lymphocyte subpopulations in pernicious anemia and in normal stomach. AB - Gastric mucosal lymphocyte subpopulations were determined by an indirect immunoperoxidase method applied to cryostat sections of gastric biopsies obtained from 12 patients with pernicious anemia (PA group) and from 12 patients whose stomachs were endoscopically and histologically normal (comparison group). T-Cell populations were identified by means of monoclonal antibodies directed against all T cells (UCHT1), T suppressor cells (anti-Leu-2a), and T helper cells (anti Leu-3a). Non-T cell numbers were estimated indirectly. Concentrations of all T cells, T suppressor cells, T helper cells, and non-T cells were all significantly greater in the PA than in the comparison group. The most striking difference was in non-T cell numbers, which showed an approximately sixfold increase in the PA group. Mean T/non-T cell ratios in PA and comparison groups were significantly different (0.49 and 1.50, respectively). T suppressor/T helper cell ratios were similar in the two groups. There were highly significant positive correlations between numbers of non-T and T helper cells, and non-T and T suppressor cells in PA, but not in comparison groups. If, as seems likely, the majority of non-T cells in these gastritic stomachs were in fact cells of B lineage, these results would be consistent with the hypothesis that gastric mucosal damage in pernicious anemia is mediated primarily by a humoral mechanism, which may involve cytotoxic autoantibodies. PMID- 6224617 TI - Mercuric chloride nephritis depends on host rather than kidney strain. AB - Brown-Norway (BN) rats are susceptible to the induction of an autoimmune glomerulonephritis (GN) by HgCl2 while Lewis (LEW) rats are resistant. When a kidney from a LEW rat (nonsusceptible) is transplanted into a binephrectomized (LEW X BN)F1 hybrid (susceptible) then HgCl2 injections into the recipient result in GN developing in the donor kidney. When a kidney from a BN or (LEW X BN)F1 hybrid (susceptible) is transplanted into a nonsusceptible rat, injections of HgCl2 into the recipient do not result in GN in the donor kidney. These observations show that kidneys from nonsusceptible rats function as susceptible targets and that induction of the disease depends more on the host immune system than on modification of kidney determinants by HgCl2. PMID- 6224618 TI - Preservation of T-lymphocyte activity in autoimmune MRL-lpr mice treated with prostaglandin. AB - MRL-lpr mice display immunoregulatory disturbances which are related to an early massive T-lymphocyte hyperplasia. Features of autoimmunity are rapidly progressive and these animals die from immune complex-mediated glomerulonephritis. Previous studies show that 15 methyl prostaglandin E1 (PGE) treatment in MRL-lpr mice prolongs survival by preventing lymphoproliferation and the subsequent renal disease. The present study indicates that a major activity of this therapy stabilizes several T-cell functions. Both the age-related loss of the autologous mixed-lymphocyte reaction (AMLR) (Ly1+ 2,3- dependent) and the concanavalin A-induced suppressor cell activity (Ly1- 2,3+ dependent) remain intact. It is suggested that PGE preserves these T-cell functions by maintaining a more normal balance of T-cell subsets. PMID- 6224619 TI - Effect of pregnancy on functions of circulating T cells from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: correction of T-cell suppression and autologous mixed-lymphocyte responses. AB - Pregnant systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients with inactive disease were found to have normal spontaneously generated suppressor-cell function and slightly higher concanavalin A-induced suppressor function as compared to matched normal pregnant and nonpregnant females. In six SLE patients studied sequentially throughout pregnancy and postpartum, suppressor functions were found to fall sharply within the first week after delivery. One of these patients had been studied before she became pregnant and found to have a decreased suppressor function. Nonpregnant SLE patients had both suppressor functions diminished despite their disease being similarly inactive. This group was also the only one to have decreased responses in autologous mixed-lymphocyte cultures. Both pregnant and nonpregnant SLE patients had decreased absolute numbers of total lymphocytes, T cells, and their subpopulations, but the proportions of these cells were similar in all four groups. Despite this apparent normalcy of immune regulation, pregnant SLE patients had higher levels of Clq-binding immune complexes than did nonpregnant ones. Functional T-cell abnormalities found in SLE patients tend to be corrected by pregnancy. This may explain in part the disease remissions that occur in them during the second half of pregnancy. PMID- 6224620 TI - Incidence of glomerulonephritis in congenital syphilis. AB - We present 5 patients with abnormal urinalysis from a series of 11 infants with congenital syphilis. Three of these 5 patients had a biopsy that demonstrated a membranous glomerulonephritis, and in two cases treponemal antigens were identified in the capillaries of the glomeruli. We suggest that glomerulonephritis with few clinical manifestations is a frequent complication of congenital syphilis and that every patient with congenital syphilis must be studied in order to detect alterations in glomerular function. PMID- 6224622 TI - Goodpasture's syndrome--local and diffuse deposition of antibody in glomerular basement membrane. Case report. AB - An unusual case of Goodpasture's syndrome in a 22 year old white female is presented. The diagnosis of antiglomerular basement membrane disease was made on the basis of circulating anti-GBM antibodies in the presence of linear IgG deposits along the glomerular basement membrane by immunofluorescent microscopy. An additional finding was the presence of discrete granular subepithelial deposits on electron microscopy. Possible pathogenetic mechanisms are discussed. PMID- 6224621 TI - Influence of vitamin A deficiency on the excretion of uromucoid and other substances in the urine of rats. AB - Male Fu-albino rats were weaned at the age of four weeks and maintained on a vitamin A-deficient diet. When they were 14-18 and 21-26 weeks old, the concentration of uromucoid, calcium and other substances possibly important for the pathogenesis of urinary calculi were determined. Reduced uromucoid excretion with hypercalciuria and reduced phosphate levels were observed. Subsequent examination of the kidneys did not demonstrate the presence of nephrocalcinosis or lithiasis. The relation between vitamin A, the synthesis of uromucoid and AMPS and calcium metabolism in the renal tubules is discussed. PMID- 6224623 TI - Moxalactam-tobramycin-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates in patients with cystic fibrosis. AB - In vitro studies have shown synergistic killing activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) with the combination of an aminoglycoside and moxalactam, a new beta-lactam agent. We describe three patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) with PA isolates that were resistant to all single-agent antibiotics, but sensitive to the combination of moxalactam-tobramycin. Initially, all patients had a good clinical response to this combination. However, during a second course of therapy, there was clinical deterioration coincident with the rapid emergence of moxalactam-tobramycin-resistant PA isolates. PMID- 6224624 TI - Moxalactam kinetics during chronic ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. AB - Moxalactam kinetics in renal failure were followed in eight patients undergoing chronic ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) after a single 1-gm IV infusion. Elimination t 1/2 was 16.7 +/- 2.1 hr, with an apparent volume of distribution of 0.21 +/- 0.01 l/kg and plasma clearance of 10.6 +/- 2 ml/min. In 24 hr, 17.4 +/- 3.1% of the dose was present in the dialysis fluids, and 14.6 +/- 5.7% was excreted in the urine. Renal and peritoneal clearance values were thus 2.3 +/- 1.1 and 2.7 +/- 0.5 ml/min. Peritoneal concentrations were high (22.7 +/- 2.2 micrograms/ml). A recommended dosage schedule is proposed on the basis of moxalactam kinetics during CAPD. PMID- 6224625 TI - A digital brushing technique for patients with perceptuomotor difficulties. PMID- 6224626 TI - Evaluation of moxalactam. AB - The mechanism of action, antibacterial spectrum, pharmacokinetics, current dosage recommendations, adverse reactions, therapeutic uses, and pharmaceutical considerations of moxalactam disodium are reviewed. Moxalactam is a synthetically derived, structurally unique beta-lactam antibiotic. Its antimicrobial activity encompasses a wide spectrum and includes some strains of pseudomonal species. Administered by i.v. or i.m. injection, moxalactam is widely distributed to body fluids and tissues. Its elimination half-life is longer than those of first- and second-generation cephalosporins. Usually administered in two or three divided doses daily, moxalactam has been shown to be effective against specific organisms in a variety of infections, including lower respiratory, urinary-tract, intra abdominal, central nervous system, skin and skin-structure, and bone and joint infections, and bacterial septicemia. Adverse reactions associated with moxalactam administration have been limited and appear similar to those experienced following the use of other beta-lactam antibiotics. Because of its wide spectrum of activity, colonization of resistant organisms and (to a lesser extent) superinfection may complicate therapy. Early clinical experience indicates that moxalactam is effective for the treatment of a number of bacterial infections, including those involving the abdominal cavity and respiratory and urinary tracts. More experience is necessary to delineate its most appropriate roles in specific infectious processes. PMID- 6224627 TI - Comparative review of two new wide-spectrum penicillins: mezlocillin and piperacillin. AB - The antimicrobial spectra, pharmacokinetics, tissue penetration, side effects, clinical trials and indications, dosage, and cost of mezlocillin (Mezlin) and piperacillin (Pipracil), two new semisynthetic beta-lactam penicillins, are reviewed. Both mezlocillin and piperacillin are active against a wider range of bacteria than previously available penicillins, but their spectra are not identical. Piperacillin is more active than mezlocillin against Pseudomonas aeruginosa; their activities against Klebsiella pneumoniae, Streptococcus faecalis, and Bacteroides fragilis are similar to one another. Neither drug is absorbed orally; both are well absorbed (60-70%) after i.m. injection. Following i.v. infusion or injection, both drugs distribute rapidly (distribution half-life = 10-20 min); neither is protein bound substantially. Both drugs are primarily excreted unchanged in the urine by glomerular filtration and tubular secretion. Elimination half-lives of both drugs are slightly prolonged in renal-failure patients. However, the half-life of mezlocillin in renal failure is longer then the half-life of piperacillin because of dose-dependent kinetics of mezlocillin at low glomecular filtration rates. Probenecid alters the disposition of both drugs. Both drugs are widely distributed throughout the body. Reported side effects are similar to those of other penicillins. Mezlocillin and piperacillin may be used to treat susceptible organisms causing the following conditions: complicated and uncomplicated urinary-tract infections, septicemia, uncomplicated gonococcal urethritis, and lower respiratory-tract, intra-abdominal, gynecologic, skin, and skin-structure infections. Piperacillin is also effective for bone and joint infections. Dosages of both antibiotics should be adjusted based on patients' clinical condition and renal status. Both agents are relatively expensive in comparison with older penicillins and cephalosporins; their daily costs are similar to third-generation cephalosporins, carbenicillin, and ticarcillin. The potential benefits of mezlocillin and piperacillin are in their extended in vitro spectra of activity and minimal toxicities. More comparative clinical trials are needed to support any claims of clinical superiority of these drugs over older, less expensive regimens. PMID- 6224628 TI - Hypoprothrombinemic potential of moxalactam. PMID- 6224629 TI - Moxalactam-induced coagulopathy. PMID- 6224630 TI - Bleeding disorders associated with newer cephalosporins. PMID- 6224632 TI - In the matter of the treatment and care of Infant Doe. Declaratory judgment. Circuit Court for the County of Monroe, State of Indiana. PMID- 6224631 TI - Direct restorative resins: materials and techniques. PMID- 6224633 TI - Medical decision-making for defective infants by the Federal government. PMID- 6224634 TI - Statement of the American Medical Association to the Department of Health and Human Services Re:Handicapped infants, April 14, 1983. PMID- 6224635 TI - Biochemical investigations of different forms of osteogenesis imperfecta. Evaluation of 44 cases. AB - Forty-four patients with Osteogenesis Imperfecta (O.I.) were divided into groups on the basis of clinical and genetic criteria and the alterations in collagen and glycosaminoglycans (GAG) in the subjects of each group were examined. The largest group of patients as affected with a mild form of O.I. and showed an increased ratio of type III to type I collagen in skin and an increase of the ratio of hydroxylysine diglycoside to monoglycoside in skin collagen. The group of patients affected with a severe nonlethal form of O.I. appeared to be heterogeneous both from a clinical and from a biochemical point of view. A marked increase of the diglycoside to monoglycoside ratio was observed in skin and urine, whereas the ratio of type III to type I collagen in skin was within the normal range or significantly decreased. Some of these patients also showed alterations involving proteoglycans, e.g. in urinary GAGs a decreased galactosamine to glucosamine ratio could be demonstrated. Similar and more marked alterations involving both collagen and GAG metabolism were observed in five children affected with a lethal form of O.I. PMID- 6224636 TI - The estimation of elastin in fetal tissues by radioimmunoassay of isodesmosine. AB - A radioimmunoassay was developed for the determination of isodesmosine as the tetraacetyl derivative. Isodesmosine tetraacetate conjugated with bovine albumin was injected into rabbits which developed useful titers of antibodies after five months. The radioligand for the assay was prepared by acetylating isodesmosine with [3H] acetic anhydride. The bound ligand was separated from free ligand by coprecipitation with human gamma-globulin in 46% saturated ammonium sulfate solution. The sensitivity of the assay was 2 ng isodesmosine. The antiserum was specific for isodesmosine tetraacetate and only desmosine tetraacetate gave appreciable cross-reactivity (4%). The assay was found to be suitable for the accurate estimation of elastin in small samples (5 mg dry weight) of rat and ovine fetal lung tissue and for elastin degradation products in amniotic fluid (0.5 ml). PMID- 6224637 TI - Studies on the binding of plasma low density lipoproteins to arterial elastin. AB - The mechanism of in vitro complex formation between plasma low density lipoproteins (LDL) and arterial elastin was studied. Rosette formation and decreased binding of the chemically modified LDL suggested that the intact protein moiety of lipoproteins was essential for the transfer of lipids from LDL to elastin. However, subsequent treatment of the elastin-LDL complex with trypsin removed the greater part of the lipoprotein protein but not the transferred cholesterol, indicating that the protein moiety of the lipoprotein did not take part in the retention of lipids on the elastin. In view of the observed effects of pH, ionic strength, various types of detergents and polarity of elastin preparations, it appears that the charged groups of the protein moiety of lipoproteins and the hydrophobicity of elastin proteins may play important parts in the binding of lipoproteins to arterial elastin. PMID- 6224638 TI - The organization of cross-linking in collagen fibrils. AB - The cross-linked peptides in cyanogen bromide digests from rabbit and calf fibrils of type I collagen have been compared by gel filtration and electrophoresis. Fibrils were prepared in vitro from acid-soluble collagen, or tendons were used; both were reduced with borohydride to stabilize cross-linking adducts. The cross-linked peptides were isolated and hydrolyzed, and the reducible cross-links were analyzed. We propose that a prominent pattern of cross linking involves in-register palisades of molecules overlapping by 27 nm and joined through the condensation of amino-terminal aldol adducts on the carboxy terminal helical regions of overlapping molecules. Lateral association probably occurs through the carboxy-terminal aldehydes from two molecules forming tri- or quadrivalent adducts with residues in the overlapped molecule. This model favors the recently proposed quasi-hexagonal organization of molecules in fibrils in which rows of molecules occur in lateral register. PMID- 6224639 TI - Microfibrils in the aorta. AB - Ruthenium red was used to stain microfibrils in rat aorta after incubation of the tissues with or without one of the enzymes trypsin, collagenase, phospholipase C, chondroitinase ABC, hyaluronidase or neuraminidase, or the reducing agent dithiothreitol. Microfibrils exhibiting periodicity of ruthenium red binding were associated with elastic laminae and collagen fibrils and appeared to attach these structures to each other as well as to basal lamina. Microfibrils in rat and human aorta demonstrated fibronectinlike immunoreactivity, therefore fibronectin may be a component of aorta microfibrils and important in the architecture of blood vessels. PMID- 6224640 TI - Effects of age and diabetes mellitus on cyanogen bromide digestion of human dura mater collagen. AB - To extend previous studies on the apparent acceleration of collagen aging in diabetes mellitus, dura collagen from human adults of different ages, with and without diabetes, was processed to yield soluble and insoluble fractions. Insoluble fractions were cleaved by cyanogen bromide. Release of peptides from insoluble collagen by cyanogen bromide decreased markedly with age and was much less from the collagen of diabetics than from nondiabetics of similar ages. The acrylamide gel profiles of peptides released were similar, but not identical, for samples of different ages and for samples from diabetics. It was concluded that age-dependent and diabetes-dependent cross-linking was widespread throughout helical regions of collagen molecules and that collagen throughout the body is altered in diabetes. Analyses of fragments of insoluble collagen are required to gain information on the chemistry of the cross-links that form with aging and diabetes. PMID- 6224641 TI - The banding pattern of rat tail tendon freeze-etched collagen fibrils. AB - Banding patterns of freeze-etched and replicated rat tail tendon collagen fibrils were studied. Better banding definition was obtained by freezing the samples without using a cryoprotectant and by prolonging etching. Under these conditions, the banding pattern was characterized by a sequence of elevated and depressed segments with a D-period of 65 nm, by two ridges at the margins of the elevations and by a third ridge at an intermediate point in the depressions. A comparison between replicas and isolated negatively stained collagen fibril micrographs as well as densitometric determinations have allowed interpretation of the elevations and depressions as overlap and gap zones and of the three ridges as the main bands with higher molecular density. Estimates, carried out on densitometric diagrams obtained from replicas, gave values which may represent a new parameter in the study of collagen banding and led to the calculation of a 0.55 D long gap zone and of a 0.45 D long overlap zone. PMID- 6224642 TI - Control of type I collagen synthesis: evidence for pretranslational coordination of pro alpha 1 (I) and pro alpha 2 (I) chain synthesis in embryonic chick bone. AB - The normal type I collagen molecule contains two alpha 1 (I) chains and one alpha 2 (I) chain. In embryonic chick calvaria, the two-chains are synthesized in a 2:1 ratio, and total polysomes from this tissue contain twice as much mRNA for pro alpha 1 (I) as for pro alpha 2 (I). To further investigate the mechanism by which synthesis may be coordinated, RNA isolated from various cell fractions of embryonic chick calvaria was translated in a rabbit reticulocyte lysate cell-free system. The procollagen chain products were separated by gel-electrophoresis and densitometrically quantitated from autoradiograms of the gels. Total cellular RNA, total cytoplasmic RNA, and polysomal RNA each directed the synthesis of pro alpha 1 (I) and pro alpha 2 (I) in a proportion of 2:1, whereas no procollagen mRNA activity was found in nonpolysomal cytoplasmic RNA. These results indicate that in the chick bone cells, all compartments contain twice as much pro alpha 1 (I) mRNA as pro alpha (I) mRNA, and that virtually all procollagen mRNA in the cytoplasm in polysome-bound. The coordination of procollagen chain synthesis thus presumably occurs at a pretranslational level, through differential rates of formation and/or degradation of the two mRNAs. PMID- 6224643 TI - Hydrothermal isometric tension curves from different connective tissues. Role of collagen genetic types and noncollagenous components. AB - Variations in hydrothermal isometric tension (HIT) were recorded in tendons, ligaments, skin, blood vessels, nerves, palatal mucosa, lungs, muscles, cartilages, demineralized bones and dentine from donors of different ages and species. The curves obtained during a linear rise in temperature from 37 degrees C to 100 degrees C at a rate of 1.15 degrees C/min were classified into three major families, A, B and C, depending on whether these curves displayed an early maximum, two shoulders or a late maximum. The ratio of heat-labile to heat-stable cross-links in the tissue's collagen network was shown to determine the type of curve obtained, but the genetic types of collagen in the tissue and the amount and quality of its noncollagenous components were not important in this respect. These results are discussed in the light of the accepted view that HIT variations are due to the rubber-elastic properties of gelatin. PMID- 6224644 TI - Birefringence of articular cartilage and the distribution on collagen fibril orientations. AB - Birefringence of the deep zone of pig tibial plateau cartilage has been measured by polarized light microscopy using monochromatic light and a Senarmont compensator. Thin (20 micrometers) sections of the tissue were imbibed with mixtures of physiological saline and glycerol to separate the effects of form and intrinsic birefringence. Measured birefringence was plotted against liquid refractive index and the experimental points defined a parabola whose minimum corresponded to a refractive index for collagen of 1.48. When the tissue was imbibed with glycerol, the birefringence measurements provided a good estimate of intrinsic birefringence. The orientation distribution function, g(phi), of collagen fibrils in this zone was then determined by X-ray diffraction. Thus X ray diffraction yielded the form of g(phi) which corresponded to the measured intrinsic birefringence. Using this result the intrinsic birefringence of a hypothetical cartilage site with perfectly oriented collagen fibrils was calculated to be (6 +/- 1) x 10(-4). Birefringence measurements on further sites could then be converted into standard deviations of g(phi), assuming a Gaussian distribution. PMID- 6224645 TI - Connective Tissue in Health and Disease Symposium. Melbourne, Australia, 26-28 August 1982. Abstracts. PMID- 6224646 TI - An in situ study of the influence of a sclerosing solution in rabbit medial collateral ligaments and its junction strength. AB - A double-blind study was conducted to assess the influence of a sclerosing solution on rabbit medial collateral ligaments (MCL) in situ. It was shown that repeated injections of 5% sodium morrhuate into the MCL and its bony attachments significantly increased its bone-ligament-bone junction strength, ligament mass and thickness when compared to saline-injected controls. Morphometric analysis of electron micrographs showed a highly significant corresponding increase of the collagen fibril diameters in the experimental ligament compared against the control MCL. These composite findings suggested that the sclerosing solution had a significant influence on dense connective tissue at the insertion sites. The mechanisms for these changes are uncertain and are the basis for future investigations. PMID- 6224647 TI - The chromates: prime causes of industrial allergic contact dermatitis. PMID- 6224648 TI - Serial angiographic evidence of rapid resolution of coronary artery stenosis. AB - An example of rapid, spontaneous resolution of an eccentric coronary luminal narrowing from 95 percent to 80 percent and subsequently to 50 percent stenosis over a six-week time period is presented. Spontaneous thrombolysis is proposed as the explanation for these changes and is discussed with reference to existing experimental and clinical observations. PMID- 6224649 TI - Progressive extreme biatrial enlargement following mitral valve replacement. AB - Patients with mitral valve disease and extreme enlargement of the left atrium usually exhibit significant decrease in chamber size following corrective mitral valve surgery. We describe a patient in whom extreme right and left atrial enlargement developed, and progressed following mitral valve replacement, with no evidence of prosthetic valve malfunction or tricuspid valve disease. PMID- 6224650 TI - Birth of a sick or handicapped infant: impact on the family. AB - The experience of bearing and caring for a sick or handicapped infant is described from the point of view of parents, whose responses were gathered from a clinical study. Implications for the child's development and ways of supporting the family are discussed. PMID- 6224651 TI - The foster extended family: a support network for handicapped foster children. AB - Described here is a program designed to support the placement of handicapped children by the use of a service model that eases family isolation and strained resources. PMID- 6224652 TI - [Radiological - pathological study on the lung-tumor interface of peripheral lung cancer]. PMID- 6224653 TI - [Malignant pleural mesothelioma]. PMID- 6224654 TI - [Acute chlorine gas poisoning. Clinical and X-ray analysis of 77 cases]. PMID- 6224655 TI - [X-Ray analysis of drowning lungs]. PMID- 6224656 TI - [Radiologic observations on "unilateral oligemia" of the lung associated with congenital heart disease of left to right shunt]. PMID- 6224657 TI - [Double outlet right ventricle. X-Ray analysis of 28 cases]. PMID- 6224658 TI - [Selective angiocardiography in infants and children. Report of 113 cases]. PMID- 6224659 TI - [Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography and drainage]. PMID- 6224660 TI - [Preparation and preliminary clinical applications of 99mTc-p-BIDA, a new hepatobiliary agent]. PMID- 6224661 TI - [X-Ray diagnosis of traumatic false aneurysm]. PMID- 6224662 TI - [Diagnosis of lung cancer with plain chest films. Experience in 50 cases]. PMID- 6224663 TI - [Idiopathic myelosclerosis]. PMID- 6224664 TI - [X-Ray manifestations around knee joints in adults with Turner's syndrome]. PMID- 6224665 TI - [Intercostal lung bulging. Report of 40 cases]. PMID- 6224666 TI - [Evaluation of the lateral view of a modified mediastinal division in the diagnosis of mediastinal tumors]. PMID- 6224667 TI - [Effect of nicotinamide on the sinoatrial node function of rabbits]. PMID- 6224668 TI - [Immunoprophylaxis of hepatitis B. 4. Identification of risk groups, recommendations for inoculation, new developments]. PMID- 6224669 TI - [Direct recanalization with transluminal angioplasty in acute myocardial infarct]. AB - Treatment of acute cardiac infarction by invasive recanalization permits simultaneous removal of stenosis and occlusion: this is achieved by direct transluminal angioplasty, passage of the occlusion with the folded balloon catheter and dilatation of the stenosis. In a 42-year-old patient with anterior wall infarction and cardiogenic shock a high subtotal occlusion of the interventricular anterior branch with a thrombus beyond the 99% occlusion was seen. Due to the life-threatening state of the patient the narrowing was directly passed and relieved by dilatation. The patient survived the severe cardiogenic shock. In a second patient with posterior wall infarction complete occlusion of the right coronary artery occurred. A balloon catheter was passed without prior manipulation of the guide wire, and the occlusion was passed without difficulty. After dilatation, only moderate narrowing could be observed. Both cases demonstrate that recanalization and simultaneous removal of stenosis is possible when transluminal angioplasty is used from the beginning. PMID- 6224670 TI - [Incidence of recurrence after successful transluminal coronary angioplasty]. AB - From October, 1977 to April, 1983, a total of 500 transluminal coronary angioplasties (TCA) were performed. The acute success rate averaged 71%, in stenoses of the anterior interventricular branch it was 75%. Long-term results were assessed on the basis of clinical findings, functional studies including ergometry, radionuclide ventriculography and thallium scan, revealing a recurrence rate of 13%. Repeat angiography of 213 patients with successful angioplasty indicated a recurrence of 15% (lasting widening of the stenosis less than 20%). All recurrences occurred within the first three months. A second angiogram was performed 12 months after successful angioplasty in 66 patients who three months after the origin TCA had shown no recurrence. In no case was there a reduction in the widened stenosis. The reported recurrence rate is lower than comparable figures in published reports. Possible reasons for this may be the selection of patients, the technique of angioplasty and long-term treatment with acetylsalicylic acid, nitrates and calcium antagonists. PMID- 6224671 TI - [Positron-computer tomography: a new method for the quantitative determination of metabolism, blood supply and function of the heart]. PMID- 6224673 TI - [Choreoacanthocytosis-neurological disease associated with acanthocytosis]. PMID- 6224674 TI - Hormone receptors in normal skin and acne. AB - Estrogen and androgen receptors were investigated in 55 male and 11 female volunteer patients with acne, the samples of efflorescence bearing skin and of normal skin being biopsied and kept frozen in liquid nitrogen until assayed. For the determination of androgen and estrogen receptors the saturation analysis was used. The level of testosterone and estradiol in blood was measured in the same patients with the aid of radioimmunoassay. As a control a skin of the same age was used. Of the male acne patients 52% were estrogen-receptor positive in the acne-lesions and 51% positive in their normal skin, while only 18% of the normal male controls were positive. Of the female acne patients 25% and 66% were estrogen receptor positive in their efflorescences and normal skin, respectively. Of the female normal controls 33% were estrogen receptor positive. No correlation could be demonstrated between the steroid receptor concentration and the hormone serum levels. The determination of androgen receptors showed a positive result in 50% of the male patients in the lesions and 60% in the normal skin. Normal male controls were androgen receptor positive in 27%. Of the female acne patients 25% were androgen receptor positive in the lesions and 17% in their normal skin. Of the female controls 23% were androgen receptor positive in the skin. It was concluded that the whole skin of acne patients has a higher target organ sensitivity than the skin of normal controls of same age. The missing correlation between hormone serum levels and receptor levels suggests an independent hormone metabolism of the skin. The meaning of the occurrence of estrogen receptors in acne lesions and normal skin has to be further investigated. PMID- 6224675 TI - Influence of inhaled cadmium microparticles on mouse influenza pneumonia. AB - A study of the effect of inhaled cadmium microparticles (CdO) on the mouse death rate from influenza pneumonia was performed on 936 female specific pathogen-free (SPF) Swiss mice. The test animals received a single short (15 min) exposure to 9 mg Cd/m3 of air (acute exposure), or renewed short exposures to 1 mg/m3 once a day, 5 days a week, for 4 weeks (chronic exposure). The cadmium found in the trachea-bronchus-lung area was about 5 micrograms/g of fresh tissue at the end of acute exposure, and 4 micrograms/g at the end of chronic exposure. The viral challenge was performed 48 hr after acute exposure, or on the 14th day after the beginning of chronic exposure, the mice being reexposed to Cd for an additional 14 days in the latter case. Surprisingly, the infectious death rate of test mice was significantly lower than that of controls, both for acute and chronic exposure to CdO. These results are discussed. PMID- 6224672 TI - Etretinate. A review of its pharmacological properties and therapeutic efficacy in psoriasis and other skin disorders. AB - Etretinate (Ro 10-9359) is a new aromatic retinoic acid derivative for the treatment of severe psoriasis and other dyskeratoses. The pharmacological profile of etretinate suggests that it acts by normalizing pathological changes in epidermal and dermal skin, particularly inhibiting hyperkeratinization and cell differentiation, although its specific mode of action in different disorders remains to be elucidated. Etretinate is rapidly and presystemically metabolised to an active metabolite which appears in plasma at about the same time as parent drug. A 'deep' storage compartment with a very extended elimination half-life gives rise to detectable plasma levels of drug for at least 3 to 4 months after discontinuation of long term therapy. Studies suggest that etretinate at an initial dose of 1 mg/kg/day, reducible during maintenance therapy, is an effective alternative to PUVA and other conventional therapy in severe psoriasis. Its greatest immediate value is in the control of eruptive and treatment resistant psoriasis, and in its potential for use in combination with other therapy to improve the response. In Darier's disease it appears to be the treatment of choice, and preliminary studies also suggest its usefulness in ichthyosis, and most other dyskeratoses and possibly in basal cell carcinoma. Side effects affecting the mucocutaneous system occur in nearly all patients, but rarely lead to drug withdrawal. When withdrawal does become necessary, the primary reason is usually hair loss. A few paradoxical observations of raised and lowered liver enzyme levels have been reported, and also a few cases of suspected liver damage. Etretinate is strictly contraindicated in women of child-bearing potential due to its severe teratogenic properties. PMID- 6224676 TI - Field testing: assessment of physical fitness of disabled adults. AB - The objectives of this investigation were (i) to develop simple field-test procedures for examining the cardio-respiratory and muscular strength fitness of lower-limb disabled individuals and (ii) to compare fitness levels across disabilities and physical activity levels. Forty-nine disabled adults (42 males and 7 females) were classified according to (i) functional and/or muscular deficit and, (ii) level of habitual physical activity. A forearm ergometer test was used to determine peak oxygen intake (VO2 peak). Sex-specific regression equations developed from the direct test were used in conjunction with a modified Astrand-Ryhming equation to predict VO2 peak from sub-maximal test results. Likewise, an equation was developed to predict isokinetic upper body strength (UBS) from cable tensiometry and hand grip force. The predictive power of the sub maximal ergometer test was fair (r = 0.67), while the isometric strength measurements were relatively effective in predicting isokinetic total UBS (r = 0.82). Class 1 differed significantly from all other classes with respect to VO2 peak and UBS. The more active individuals also achieved significantly higher scores (p less than 0.05) for both variables. This study shows that an estimate of peak oxygen intake and UBS can be obtained from simple field tests and that active disabled individuals are more fit than their inactive counterparts. PMID- 6224677 TI - Potential usefulness of norfloxacin in the treatment of urinary tract infections. PMID- 6224678 TI - In vitro antibacterial activity of norfloxacin compared with eight other antimicrobial agents. AB - The antibacterial activity of norfloxacin, an organic acid structurally related to nalidixic acid, was compared with that of the oral cephalosporins cefaclor and cephalexin, and with that of nalidixic acid, cinoxacin, amikacin, ampicillin, trimethoprim alone and the combination of trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole. Agar dilution studies were performed with a total of 398 clinical isolates of gram negative bacteria. Norfloxacin was found to be the most active drug studied against each of the different groups of organisms tested. MIC90 values for norfloxacin were as follows: Citrobacter spp., 2 micrograms/ml; Enterobacter spp., 0.13 micrograms/ml; Escherichia coli, 0.06 micrograms/ml; Klebsiella spp., 0.13 micrograms/ml; Proteus spp., 0.06 micrograms/ml; Salmonella spp., 1 microgram/ml; Serratia spp., 0.13 micrograms/ml; and Pseudomonas spp., 2 micrograms/ml. MIC90 values for the other drugs were 4 micrograms/ml or greater and many organisms were totally resistant to one or more of the other drugs (MIC greater than 128 micrograms/ml). Cross resistance between norfloxacin and the related drugs nalidixic acid and cinoxacin was not observed. PMID- 6224680 TI - Disk diffusion susceptibility tests with norfloxacin: confirmation of proposed interpretive criteria. AB - One hundred and eighty three clinical isolates of aerobic bacteria were tested against norfloxacin by both agar dilution (WHO-ICS) and disk diffusion test procedures (standardized FDA single disk test). Two experimental 10 microgram norfloxacin disks were studied. Results were analyzed in terms of recently recommended breakpoints for clinical susceptibility (MIC less than or equal to 16 micrograms/ml, zone diameter greater than or equal to 17 mm) and resistance (MIC greater than or equal to 32 micrograms/ml, zone diameter less than or equal to 12 mm). Excellent correlation was demonstrated by statistical analysis between paired MIC and zone size values (average value for each MIC; r = -0.9782). An MIC of 16 micrograms/ml was found to correlate with a zone of 10.4 mm. Application of the recommended zone size breakpoints resulted in prediction of 177 isolates as being susceptible while six (3.3%) were predicted to be either intermediate or resistant. The findings of this study validate the earlier recommendations stated above. PMID- 6224679 TI - Comparative in vitro activity of norfloxacin against urinary tract pathogens. AB - The in vitro activity of norfloxacin (MK366) against 477 aerobic gram-negative and gram-positive clinical isolates was compared to that of nalidixic acid, nitrofurantoin, ampicillin, cephalexin, trimethoprim, sulfamethoxazole, and the combination trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Norfloxacin was more active than the other agents against all gram-negative organisms tested. Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were less than or equal to 0.125 32 mg/l with 90% inhibited (MIC90) by 4 mg/l; MICs of the Enterobacteriaceae including Serratia marcescens were less than or equal to 0.125-8 mg/l with an MIC90 of less than or equal to 4 mg/l. There was also excellent activity against the gram-positive cocci including Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus saprophyticus and the enterococci, with MICs less than or equal to 0.125-4 mg/l and an MIC90 less than or equal to 4 mg/l. Only 8 of 477 organisms were norfloxacin-resistant (MIC greater than or equal to 16 mg/l): 3 of 100 Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 3 of 10 Pseudomonas maltophilia and 2 of 15 Streptococcus bovis strains. In contrast, 97% of the gram-positive cocci and 49% of the gram-negative bacilli were nalidixic acid-resistant (MIC greater than or equal to 32 mg/l). Norfloxacin shows excellent activity against a wide range of bacteria and merits further study as a urinary antibacterial agent. PMID- 6224681 TI - Criteria for interpretation of agar diffusion susceptibility tests of norfloxacin performed by the ICS method. AB - Using regression analysis to correlate MIC values and inhibition zone diameters, an attempt was made to establish criteria for interpreting the results of the agar diffusion test with norfloxacin discs (10 mcg). The test was performed on DST agar in accordance with ICS recommendations. The correlation was moderate (r = -0.8547); the regression equation was x = -0.30y + 15.80, where x was log2 MIC + 9 and y the inhibition zone diameter. The position of the MIC breakpoints of norfloxacin and the distribution of the MIC values of the bacterial population did not permit precise inhibition zone breakpoints to be established. To allow a safety margin it is recommended that for the meantime norfloxacin inhibition zones be interpreted as sensitive from 15 mm onwards. PMID- 6224682 TI - Bioassay procedures for norfloxacin. AB - A disk-diffusion bioassay procedure for the quantitation of norfloxacin in serum, tissue and urine employing Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 10031 was developed. When incubated at 28 degrees C, the assay has a sensitivity of 0.2 microgram/ml. Zones of inhibition on assay plates may be measured by hand (ruler, vernier caliper) or by automated image analysis. Urine samples require an initial 1:2 dilution in 0.1N HCl before assay to assure complete solution of the compound. Bioassay values in urine are comparable to those obtained by high performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 6224683 TI - Pharmacokinetics of norfloxacin in healthy volunteers and patients with renal and hepatic damage. AB - The pharmacokinetics of norfloxacin were studied in six healthy volunteers, and three patients each with moderate renal and hepatic damage. A new specific and sensitive high performance liquid chromatography method was set up to measure plasma and urine concentrations of norfloxacin. The mean urinary concentrations after a single oral dose of 400 mg norfloxacin exceeded many times the MIC and MBC values of most of the bacterial strains responsible for urinary tract infections. Results in the patients with hepatic and renal damage indicated slight and not statistically significant differences in comparison with healthy volunteers. PMID- 6224684 TI - Clinical evaluation of norfloxacin versus cotrimoxazole in urinary tract infections. AB - Forty patients with urinary tract infections were randomly assigned to receive a ten-day course of oral therapy with either norfloxacin 400 mg twice daily or cotrimoxazole (trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole) 160/800 mg twice daily. There were 34 cases (19 in the norfloxacin and 15 in the cotrimoxazole group) of evaluable infections due to Escherichia coli (85% of cases), Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter spp., Proteus vulgaris and Alcaligenes faecalis. All organisms were sensitive to the assigned study drug. Twenty-two strains of Escherichia coli and five other isolates had a norfloxacin MIC50 of 0.03 mg/l and MIC90 of 1.0 mg/l. All patients were cured of the initial infection. Three diabetic patients in the norfloxacin group and another healthy patient in the cotrimoxazole group experienced asymptomatic recurrences due to organisms of the same species which, in the absence of causes of bacterial persistence, were considered to be reinfections. Mild reversible adverse effects of no clinical significance were observed in nine patients in each treatment group. Norfloxacin seems to be as effective and safe as cotrimoxazole in the conventional treatment of uncomplicated urinary tract infection. PMID- 6224685 TI - Norfloxacin versus cotrimoxazole in the treatment of lower urinary tract infections. AB - In a randomised prospective study 61 patients with lower urinary tract infection received either 200 mg norfloxacin (33 patients) or 480 mg cotrimoxazole (28 patients) twice daily for ten days. Pathogens included Escherichia coli in 48 patients, Proteus mirabilis in ten patients, and Enterobacter cloacae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Citrobacter freundii and Staphylococcus saprophyticus in one patient each. The MICs of norfloxacin and cotrimoxazole were less than or equal to 0.03 mg/l and less than or equal to 1 mg/l respectively. On the tenth day of treatment 94% of the patients receiving norfloxacin and 89% of the patients receiving cotrimoxazole were clinically cured, and the pathogens were eradicated in 94% and 96% of the patients respectively. At six week follow-up one patient given cotrimoxazole and two given norfloxacin had a reinfection. No side-effects or toxicity were observed with the exception of a diffuse rash in one patient receiving cotrimoxazole in whom treatment was discontinued. It is concluded that norfloxacin is safe and as effective as cotrimoxazole in the treatment of lower UTI and should have an important role to play whenever multiresistant organisms are implicated. PMID- 6224686 TI - In vitro activity of norfloxacin against multi-resistant bacteria. PMID- 6224687 TI - In vitro activity of norfloxacin against Chlamydia trachomatis. PMID- 6224688 TI - In vitro activity of norfloxacin in urine compared to that of cinnoxacin, nalidixic acid and pipemidic acid. PMID- 6224689 TI - Effect of norfloxacin on Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in broth, serum and in combination with human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. PMID- 6224690 TI - Increased methyl esterification of membrane proteins in aged red-blood cells. Preferential esterification of ankyrin and band-4.1 cytoskeletal proteins. AB - The enzymatic carboxyl methyl esterification of erythrocyte membrane proteins has been investigated in three different age-related fractions of human erythrocytes. When erythrocytes of different mean age, separated by density gradient centrifugation, were incubated under physiological conditions (pH 7.4, 37 degrees C) in the presence of L-[methyl-3H]methionine, the precursor in vivo of the methyl donor S-adenosylmethionine, a fourfold increase in membrane-protein carboxyl methylation was observed in the oldest cells compared with the youngest ones. The identification of methylated species, based on comigration of radioactivity with proteins stained with Coomassie blue, analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, shows, in all cell fractions, a pattern similar to that reported for unfractionated erythrocytes. However in the membrane of the oldest erythrocytes the increase in methylation of the cytoskeletal proteins, bands 2.1 and 4.1, appears to be significantly more marked compared with that observed in the other methylated polypeptides. Furthermore the turnover rate of incorporated [3H]methyl groups in the membrane proteins of the oldest cells markedly increases during cell ageing. Particularly in band 4.1 the age-related increase in methyl esterification is accompanied by a significant reduction of the half-life of methyl esters. The activity of cytoplasmic protein methylase II does not change during cell ageing, while the isolated ghosts from erythrocytes of different age show an age-related increased ability to act as methyl-accepting substrates, when incubated in presence of purified protein methylase II and methyl-labelled S-adenosylmethionine, therefore the relevance of membrane structure in determining membrane protein methylation levels can be postulated. Finally the possible correlation of this posttranslational protein modification with erythrocyte ageing is discussed. PMID- 6224691 TI - Growth and adipose differentiation of sheep preadipocyte fibroblasts in serum free medium. AB - Fibroblasts from ovine skin, and from the perirenal and subcutaneous adipose tissues of sheep were grown at clonal densities in medium MCDB 202 supplemented with 1 microgram/ml bovine insulin, 1 microM dexamethasone, 100 ng/ml fibroblast growth factor and 20 micrograms/ml of the lipid preparation described by Bettger, W. J., Boyce, S. T., Walthall, B. J. and Ham, R. G. [(1981) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci, USA, 78, 5588-5592]. When maintained as a confluent monolayer in this medium, the fibroblasts from the adipose tissues spontaneously underwent an adipose differentiation. This was accelerated by substituting medium F12 for medium MCDB 202, and by raising the CO2 tension from 2% to 7.5% in air over the cultures. The differentiation was inhibited by deleting FGF from the growth medium, or by coating the culture surface with fibronectin or poly-D-lysine. Differentiation also failed to occur when the defined supplements were replaced with fetal bovine serum. The synthesis of triacylglycerol by the cells, as seen by the increased specific activity of [14C]acetate incorporated into this lipid class, was accompanied by an increase in the specific activity of glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. PMID- 6224692 TI - A set of non-histone proteins isolated from the nuclei of various rat tissues. AB - A set of non-histone proteins has been identified in the nuclei from liver, brain, spleen and testis tissues of the rat. Following moderate digestion of thoroughly washed nuclei with DNase I or micrococcal nuclease, EDTA was added to 5 mM to the reaction mixture and the preparation centrifuged. We found that the supernatant contained a limited amount of non-histone proteins (fraction S1). Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) gel electrophoresis revealed S1 to be composed of a remarkably simple set of proteins resolved into four groups (A-D) each possessing closely spaced doublets or a triplet. Their molecular weights were A, 76 100-80 000; B, 48 200-49 500; C, 44 500-45 200 and D, 39 500-41 500. The yield suggested that these proteins were structural constituents; however, they did not coincide with the known structural proteins of the cell nucleus. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis further resolved each of the SDS bands into as many as nine spots, according to various charges. Some were labelled with [32P]orthophosphate in vivo, or with [gamma-32P]ATP and purified nuclear protein kinase NII in vitro. The released proteins B-D had fairly constant relative molar ratios at various times of digestion, thereby indicating possible localizations at similar sites in the nucleus. The kinetic data together with the aggregation property at neutral pH values and the solubility in 5 mM EDTA suggest that proteins B-D constitute a group of proteins that have several common characteristics. PMID- 6224693 TI - Hypertension and the heart. A review. PMID- 6224694 TI - Severe congestive heart failure in mild pulmonic stenosis due to dysplastic pulmonary valve associated with cardiomyopathy. AB - Congestive heart failure has never been described in patients with dysplastic stenotic pulmonary valve without associated shunt lesions. We describe two patients with mild pulmonic stenosis due to valvular dysplasia associated with cardiomyopathy who developed severe congestive heart failure. Since the small pressure gradients across the pulmonary valve cannot cause this complication, we suggest that it resulted from the associated hypertrophic non-obstructive cardiomyopathy. The presence of cardiomyopathy may alter the clinical presentation and prognosis of patients with dysplastic pulmonary valve. In some cases, like our two cases, the cardiomyopathy rather than the valvular lesion should be considered the main disease. PMID- 6224696 TI - Skin fibroblasts in Huntington's disease. An electron microscopic study. AB - Cultured skin fibroblasts of 3 patients with Huntington's disease (HD) and of 3 normal individuals have been examined by electron microscopy during the log phase of growth and at confluence. Though HD fibroblasts achieve higher maximal densities than controls, this is not associated with abnormal ultrastructural aspects of the cells. In particular, microfilaments and microtubules are identical in HD and normal fibroblasts. PMID- 6224695 TI - Myocardial macroaggregate uptake on successive lung perfusion scans. AB - In a patient with an Eisenmenger syndrome and multiple intraventricular communications, myocardial uptake of macroaggregated albumin appeared during a perfusion lung scan. This pattern can be explained by an increase of arterial pulmonary hypertension heightening the proportion of the right-to-left shunt. PMID- 6224697 TI - Cardiac adaptations to exercise. PMID- 6224698 TI - Ultrastructural characteristics of human T cell clones with various cytolytic activities. AB - Fifteen T cell clones with different (specific, antibody-dependent or natural killer-like) cytolytic activity were derived from mixed lymphocyte culture activated T cells and analyzed for their morphological characteristics and, in some instances, for their surface markers. All of the five cytolytic clones analyzed by electron microscopy possessed numerous electron-dense granules and in some instances multivesicular bodies, with or without an electron-dense matrix, that are the putative precursors of the granules. In addition, light microscopy examination of semithin sections of other ten cytolytic clones showed that the large majority of the cells in each clone had numerous toluidine blue-stained cytoplasmic granules. It is of note that nine clones without detectable cytolytic activity analyzed by electron microscopy did not possess granules and presented the features of large agranular blasts. Ten cytolytic clones were analyzed for different surface markers including rosette formation with sheep erythrocytes (E rosettes), receptors for the Fc portion of IgG or IgM ((Fc gamma R and Fc mu R) and a group of antigens recognized by monoclonal antibodies including Ia, 4F2, OKT8 or OKT4. All the clones were E-rosette+, Ia+ and 4F2+. Expression of Fc gamma R was restricted to the clones active in antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity. Expression of OKT8 and OKT4 antigens was variable; in particular, five clones were OKT8+/OKT4-, whereas the other five expressed the OKT8-/OKT4+ phenotype. It is noteworthy that the ultrastructural features of cytolytic T cell clones are similar to those of large granular lymphocytes, known to be the only lymphoid cells in normal peripheral blood which possess cytolytic activity. Thus, it is possible that the presence of electron-dense granules may represent a morphological marker for all human cytolytic lymphocytes. PMID- 6224699 TI - Glycolytic enzymes of an erythroleukemic cell line, K562, before and after hemoglobin induction. AB - The enzyme activities and isozyme distribution of some glycolytic enzymes were studied in the K562 cell line before and after induction of hemoglobin formation. Special attention was paid to the three regulator enzymes of glycolysis, hexokinase, phosphofructokinase and pyruvate kinase. Results for the K562 cell line were compared with those for the mature red cell. K562 cells exhibit a relatively low phosphofructokinase and high pyruvate kinase activity. Electrophoresis of hexokinase shows the presence of two bands in the HK I region. HK II is also present, probably as a result of culture conditions. Only 15% of the total hexokinase activity is mitochondrial bound. Phosphofructokinase in K562 cells is mainly composed of the L- and F-types of which the F-type is characteristic for platelets and granulocytes and not for erythrocytes. In the electrophoretic pattern of pyruvate kinase a predominant K4 band besides three hybrids were found. The hybrids were demonstrated to contain L-type subunits of pyruvate kinase, which means a new erythroid marker of K562 cells, as the red cell is the only blood cell that contains L-type pyruvate kinase. Induction experiments with hemin, ARA-C and mitomycin-C gave rise to more than 85% benzidine positive cells after 11 days of culture. The isozyme composition of pyruvate kinase did not change after induction. HK II disappears after induction with ARA-C and mitomycin-C but not with hemin. The results support the idea of the multipotential features of the K562 cell line. PMID- 6224700 TI - Patterns of fusimotor innervation by gamma-efferents in cat peroneus tertius. AB - The pattern of gamma-efferent innervation of the muscle spindle was investigated in the peroneus tertius muscle of the cat. A number of spindle group Ia afferents were isolated and monitored during tetanic stimulation of isolated gamma-axons. The sample was dominated by efferents producing a static fusimotor effect on the afferent. An individual static axon normally projected to less than five but at times as many as seven muscle spindles. Each spindle normally received innervation from three to five static gamma-efferents but occasionally up to eight. The number of spindles innervated by a static gamma-axon was directly related to the efferent axonal conduction velocity. For each experiment, a probability distribution of the number of fusimotor effects was constructed from all available connections between the muscle spindles and static gamma-efferents considered in matrices of four afferents and four efferents. This distribution was then compared to a random binomial distribution. In each of the ten experiments, statistically significant differences (p less than 0.01) were noted between the experimental and random distributions. In order to interpret such deviations from the random distributions, similar analyses were performed on various combinations of afferents and efferents in simulated sets displaying grouping of effects. It was concluded that the observed differences between experimental and random distributions may be produced by a grouping of fusimotor innervation limited to a small set of spindles. PMID- 6224701 TI - Nonhistone protein with high affinity for histone H1 and HMG 14 protein. AB - Specific interaction of a nonhistone protein from mouse spleen chromatin with histones HI, H2A and HMG 14 protein is shown. Some implications of these findings are briefly discussed. PMID- 6224702 TI - ATP synthesis and hydrolysis in submitochondrial particles subjected to an acid base transition. Effects of the ATPase inhibitor protein. AB - ATP hydrolysis or succinate oxidation by inhibitor-rich submitochondrial particles leads to a 3-fold increase in ATPase activity, with concomitant loss of about 30% of bound inhibitor protein. An acid-base transition causes similar, but smaller, effects (a 30% ATPase increase, and a loss of 8% of the inhibitor). Omitting the electrical component of the gradient completely abolished these effects. The inhibitor protein inhibits ADP phosphorylation induced by an acid base transition but not by NADH oxidation. This is suggested to reflect the slow movement of the inhibitor protein and the brief period of acid-base jump phosphorylation. PMID- 6224703 TI - [125I]Iodonaphtylazide labeling selectively a cysteine residue in the F0 of the ATP-synthase from E. coli is unsuitable for topographic studies of membrane proteins. AB - The ATP synthase from E. coli was reacted with the hydrophobic photolabel [125I]iodonaphtylazide. Subunit b in the F0-part was selectively labelled. Label was traced back to the single cysteine21 in subunit b. Thus the reactive intermediate of INA generated by photolysis had a high preference for nucleophiles. Due to this high selectivity the detection of membrane spanning peptide segments by labelling with INA is not reliable. PMID- 6224704 TI - Structural organization of C-terminal parts of fibrinogen A alpha-chains. AB - Calorimetric studies of fibrinogen melting and of its early degradation products have shown that the C-terminal parts of both the A alpha-chains form structural domains which strongly interact with each other in the native fibrinogen molecule. PMID- 6224705 TI - The SOS system of Escherichia coli in the regulation of bacteriophage lambda development. AB - A sequence homologous to the known SOS boxes is found in the Po promoter of phage lambda. It is suggested that the sequence found is a binding site for the LexA repressor. The mechanism of the LexA part in regulation of lambda development is discussed. It is based on the competitive transcription of the RNA encoding CII protein and the short OOP-RNA transcribed from the Po promoter. PMID- 6224706 TI - Is Ca2+-ATPase a water pump? AB - The mechanism of free energy coupling in active transport is discussed with special reference to the sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase. In the current working schemes for cation transport ATPases, free energy transduction is nearly always based on enzyme conformational changes. The principal objective of the present article is to examine whether recent experimental results on Ca2+-ATPase may in fact be better explained by assuming the existence of a direct chemiosmotic process. In the scheme proposed, free energy transduction between ATP and calcium is based on a transfer of solvation water between the acylphosphate bond and the bound calcium ions. PMID- 6224707 TI - [Treatment of atopic dermatitis and seborrheic dermatitis with selective UV phototherapy and PUVA. A comparative study]. PMID- 6224708 TI - [Treatment of acne with selective UV-phototherapy (SUP). An open trial]. PMID- 6224709 TI - [Leukocyte adherence inhibition test (LAIT) as an allergy test in the diagnosis of drug exanthema and allergic contact eczema]. PMID- 6224710 TI - Pityriasis amiantacea and psoriasis. A follow-up study. AB - 59 patients with pityriasis amiantacea (PA) were followed up after 8 years on average. 15% had suffered from psoriasis and 19% were aware of psoriasis in their relatives. The incidence of psoriasis was significantly higher (p less than 0.01) than in the Scandinavian population, and the predisposition to psoriasis was significantly higher than in the population (p less than 0.001), but significantly lower (p less than 0.01) than in psoriatic patients. PA seems to be a manifestation of psoriasis in many cases. PMID- 6224711 TI - Obesity, serum steroid levels, and pulsatile gonadotropin secretion in polycystic ovarian disease. AB - Serum binding capacity of sex-hormone binding globulin (SHBG-BC), steroid concentrations, and secretion patterns of LH and FSH were compared between groups of seven nonobese and seven obese patients with polycystic ovarian disease (PCOD). Obese patients with PCOD differed from those with normal weight in having very low SHBG-BC and elevated serum levels of free and albumin bound testosterone. Compared to healthy women in the follicular phase, both nonobese and obese patients with PCOD showed equally elevated serum levels of androstenedione, estrone, and albumin-bound and free estradiol. Pattern of gonadotropin secretion was studied from blood samples taken at 15 min intervals for 6 h. In 6 patients of both groups low pulses of FSH were found coincidently with pulses of LH. Serum level of LH showed a clear pulsatile pattern in all patients with PCOD, varying from 4.5 to 7.5 pulses per 6 h. The mean pulse rate in the groups of nonobese and obese patients with PCOD was similar, 5.9 pulses per 6 h. In the obese patients the mean LH levels were, however, less elevated and the pulse amplitudes were smaller than those in the nonobese patients. We suggest that this difference is due to high levels of biologically active testosterone in obese patients with PCOD. PMID- 6224712 TI - Attenuation of streptozotocin diabetes with superoxide dismutase-like copper(II)(3,5-diisopropylsalicylate)2 in the rat. AB - Experimental diabetes can be produced by agents with specific toxicity for pancreatic islet B cells. This effect has been reported to be modified both in vitro and in vivo by various radical scavengers including the enzyme superoxide dismutase. Copper(II)(3,5-diisopropylsalicylate)2 is lipophilic and possesses superoxide dismutase bioactivity. Prior administration of this compound to male rats appeared to attenuate the severity of streptozotocin-induced diabetes as assessed by glycosuria and glucose tolerance. Diisopropylsalicylate, which has no superoxide dismutase activity, did not alter the severity of streptozotocin induced diabetes. Rats treated with the copper complex, with streptozotocin or with a combination of the two agents gained 50% less weight than untreated controls, or rats treated with diisopropylsalicylate. The attenuation of diabetes by the copper-complex may represent partial protection of the B cells against streptozotocin damage, although an extrapancreatic, toxic effect cannot be ruled out. PMID- 6224713 TI - A study of platelet-relevant parameters in patients with diabetic microangiopathy. AB - In 16 diabetic patients with microangiopathy, survival of 111In-labelled autologous platelets, mean platelet volume, megathrombocyte index, spontaneous and ADP-induced platelet aggregation, platelet retention, beta-thromboglobulin, von Willebrand factor and factor VIII-related antigen were measured; the splenic uptake of radioactive label was quantitated in six patients. Compared with normal subjects, increased platelet aggregation (p less than 0.01), von Willebrand factor (p less than 0.02) and factor VIII-related antigen (p less than 0.02) were observed. Platelet survival was shortened in two patients. It correlated inversely with the splenic radioactivity uptake (r = -0.95; p less than 0.01), suggesting that platelets ended their life in the spleen, not in the microcirculation. No significant relationships were found between the various tests performed, nor between these and the severity of microangiopathy or other clinical data. In spite of the evidence for altered platelet function in patients with diabetic microangiopathy, currently available tests are not specific enough to clarify the nature of these changes or their possible pathogenic significance. PMID- 6224715 TI - [Transluminal coronary angioplasty. Technic and immediate results]. AB - Controlled crushing of the intimal plaque and of the underlying vessel wall are the determinants of transluminal dilatation of coronary stenoses. The technique of angioplasty has been recently modified in many laboratories, by the use of new catheters and dilatation policies. Data from the NHLBl Registry indicate a 59% primary success rate, being 29% and 12% respectively the failures due either to inability to cross or to dilate the stenosis. A retrospective analysis of successful procedures has highlighted factors that positively affect the results: recent onset of the angina, lack of calcifications, iterative ballooning at high pressures and the experience of the angiographer. Main complications were angina becoming unstable (5.7%) and acute coronary occlusion (4.4%); an emergency bypass operation had to be done in 6.3% of the cases, whereas myocardial infarctions scored 4.4% and hospital deaths less than 1%. Preliminary results of Centro De Gasperis concern 18 attempts to dilate LAD stenoses: primary success rate was 44% with a failure rate of 39% and 17% regarding inability to cross or only to dilate stenosis, respectively. The above results are less favorable than those reported in NHLBl Registry and very much less than those reported by selected laboratories; they are however acceptable in view of the suboptimal characteristics of the materials used and the limited experience of the team. PMID- 6224714 TI - [Basic problems in coronary revascularization]. AB - The author reminds briefly the physiopathological basis of coronary circulation and points out the hydraulic factors as the most important for the maintenance of myocardial flow. That's the reason he shows the great actuality of the new therapies of acute and chronic coronary insufficiency (thrombolysis and angioplasty) fit for taking off the obstacles to anterograd flow. PMID- 6224716 TI - [Follow-up of patients treated with transluminal coronary angioplasty]. PMID- 6224717 TI - [Indications and limits of transluminal angioplasty]. PMID- 6224718 TI - [New technics in the treatment of the coronary insufficiency. Conclusions]. PMID- 6224719 TI - [Effect of glycopeptide antibiotics on human phagocyte activity]. PMID- 6224720 TI - [Evaluation of the antidromic sensory conduction velocity of the sural nerve before and after antalgic electrostimulation]. PMID- 6224721 TI - [Epidemiology and prevention of iron deficiency anemias in women of child-bearing age]. PMID- 6224722 TI - [A five-year experience with the management of a group of patients with hemophilia in a special boarding school]. PMID- 6224723 TI - A simple rapid method for the purification of D and E fragments of fibrinogen degradation by plasmin. PMID- 6224724 TI - A study of T lymphocyte subpopulations by monoclonal antibodies in a case of angio-immunoblastic lymphadenopathy with dysproteinemia. PMID- 6224725 TI - Muscle fibre composition of the eye muscles of the carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) defined on the base of histochemical observations. AB - A histochemical study has been carried out on the eye muscles of the carp. On the base of the ATP-ase and SDH activity and with regard to the localization and diameter of muscle fibres six types of muscle fibres situated in the defined zones can be distinguished. The type 1 and 2 fibres display a moderately high ATP ase activity at pH 9.4 and rather low activity after alkaline and acid preincubation. Type 1 shows a high SDH activity in contrast to type 2 with a low SDH activity. The other four types of fibres have the high ATP-ase activity at pH 9.4. Type 3 contains fibres with a moderately high ATP-ase activity after alkaline preincubation with a rather low activity after acid preincubation and with a low SDH activity. The fibres of type 4 characterized by the high ATP-ase activity after alkaline and acid preincubation and by the high SDH activity. The fibres of type 5 display high ATP-ase activity after alkaline and acid preincubation and the low SDH activity. They are situated in the white and intermediate fibre zones. The fibres of type 6 are comparable to the fibres of type 5, however they differ diameter and localization, i.e. they are situated in small diameter fibre zone. Using the electron microscope four types of fibres (A, B, C, and D) are found. They vary in the localization of T system, the organization of Z-line and in M-line appearance. In the type B of muscle fibres two different localizations of T system have been discerned. PMID- 6224726 TI - [Experimental immune complex nephritis (2). Therapeutic effect of prostaglandin E1 and the combined effects of prostaglandin E1 and a massive dosage of the antigen on serum sickness nephritis in rats]. PMID- 6224727 TI - Effects of serotonergic system on hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis in rats. AB - The effects of the serotonergic system on the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis in rats were studied. Immunoreactive thyrotropin releasing hormone (ir-TRH) in plasma significantly increased 24 hours after para-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA) administration. Basal thyrotropin (TSH) levels in plasma significantly decreased after tryptophan or 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) administration, but not after PCPA administration. The plasma ir-TRH and TSH responses to cold were inhibited after tryptophan or 5-HTP administration, but not after PCPA treatment. In these treated groups, the TSH response to TRH did not differ from that of control. Thyroxine, 3,3',5-triiodothyronine showed no change after administration of these drugs. These data indicate that the serotonergic system might inhibit TRH and TSH release in rats. PMID- 6224728 TI - Investigative strategy of hyperandrogenism in women. AB - Investigative procedures in the assessment of female hyperandrogenism are reviewed. Based on their experience, the authors suggest an inexpensive investigative strategy in hyperandrogenic females consisting of the following: the first step depends upon the clinical symptoms--in cases of hirsutism with regular menstrual cycles, plasma testosterone (T) and plasma dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHA-S) are assayed, and the basal body temperature chart is recorded. In cases of hirsutism with irregular or anovulatory menstrual cycles, in addition to T and DHA-S, plasma 17 hydroxyprogesterone and urinary-free cortisol are assayed. In case of anovulation without hirsutism, T and DHA-S are assayed, and the LHRH test is performed. The results of this first investigation allow to attribute to the woman one of the six following hormone profiles: (1) metabolic hyperadrenalism; (2) tumoral hyperandrogenism; (3) 21-hydroxylase defect; (4) nontumoral DHA-S increase; (5) nontumoral ovarian hyperandrogenism; (6) idiopathic hirsutism. The additional investigative procedures required in each of these groups are detailed. PMID- 6224729 TI - Diagnostic strategy in hyperandrogenic syndrome. AB - Plasma testosterone (T), androstenedione (A), follicle-stimulating hormone, (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), prolactin (PRL), and urinary 17-ketosteroids (17 CS) have been measured in 152 women complaining of acne and/or hirsutism. Mean plasma levels of T, A, LH, PRL, and urinary 17-CS were significantly increased as compared to controls. T and/or A were increased in 59% of the cases. T was higher in women with PRL greater than 16 micrograms/l as compared to women with PRL less than 13 micrograms/l. Hirsutism had markedly decreased in 64% and acne in 84% of patients treated with cyproterone acetate. PMID- 6224730 TI - Treatment of hyperandrogenic states in women. AB - Hyperandrogenic states have to be treated according to their etiology. But, idiopathic hirsutism represents the majority of observed cases. Its pathophysiology is still under discussion. The ovary and/or adrenal origin has led to various treatments with corticoids or combined estrogen-progestogen preparations. However, practical problems are different. After ruling out a tumoral process or mild congenital adrenal hyperplasia, a rational and efficient treatment must be proposed. It has now become possible with the use of both antiandrogen and antigonadotropin drugs. Cyproterone acetate is the best therapeutic agent because of its antiandrogen, antigonadotropin and progestogen properties. Because of its antiestrogen effects, cyproterone acetate must be used in combination with estrogens as a substitutive therapy to permit regular bleeding. PMID- 6224731 TI - Androgen secretion after age 50 in both sexes. AB - Androgen production by both testes and adrenals decrease in old age; this is partly the consequence of a decrease in the metabolic clearance rate but plasma levels as well as their response to human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) and adrenocorticotropic hormone stimulation, respectively, do also decrease. As far as testicular androgen levels are concerned, there exists a large interindividual variation of plasma levels even in old age, some elderly persons having levels comparable to those found in young adults. Others have clearly decreased levels. Causes contributing to their variability are general health, physical and sexual activity, smoking habits, obesity, genetic factors, and intake of drugs. Although in exceptionally healthy persons, both physically and sexually active, testosterone levels may, therefore, not decrease in old age, in the elderly population at large, such a decrease does occur, even when all other factors influencing their levels are controlled. The decrease in testicular androgen secretion appears to have a primary testicular origin as luteinizing hormone levels are slightly, but significantly, increased and the response to HCG decreased. PMID- 6224732 TI - Some proteins not belonging to the clotting or to the kallikrein-kinin system altered by kallikrein. AB - Plasma kallikrein activation occurs frequently during blood drawing and subsequent plasma handling. The purified enzyme was incubated with ceruloplasmin, inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor and complement factor C4. Proteolysis caused by this enzyme was compared with the degradative effects of plasmin and thrombin. Among these proteins C4 proved to be most easily degraded; its cleavage products can interact with C4-binding protein. PMID- 6224734 TI - Terminal rearrangement of chromosomes 21 detected in amniotic fluid, resulting in a trisomy 21. PMID- 6224733 TI - Origin of chromosomal abnormalities: evidence for delayed fertilization in meiotic nondisjunction. AB - This study ascertained 35 aneuploid patients, of which 34 had trisomy 21 and one had trisomy 18. Their parents were matched by age at the conception with parents of 35 euploid patients with congenital defects. Interviews with the couples focused on exposures and activities at the time of the conception. No parents had infectious hepatitis preceding the conception, and one study mother and four comparison parents reported drug ingestion. Eight parents in the study group and two in the comparison reported radiation exposure. One family in each group had a history of thyroid disorder. The groups differed mainly in their sexual histories; circumstances favoring the possibility of delayed fertilization (contraceptive failure, infrequency of intercourse, or premarital conception) existed in 22 of the study group but in only seven of the comparison group. PMID- 6224735 TI - Dissociation of a t(12;21) resulting in a normal cell line in two trisomic 21 sons of a nonmosaic t(12;21) father? AB - A normal cell line arising from a translocation, t(12;21), possibly by dissociation, was observed in two brothers in early life. Each was conceived as trisomic 21 by their 45,XY,-12,-21,+t(12;21) father, who was phenotypically normal. Each brother showed morphologic manifestations of trisomy 21 syndrome, and each was mildly mentally retarded. Dermatoglyphic indices were not diagnostic of trisomy 21 syndrome. At 4 months the younger brother had a 50:50 proportion of trisomic:normal blood cells which became 25:75 of trisomic 21:normal at 36 months. The older brother had a 25:75 proportion of trisomic 21:normal when first studied at 41/2 years. A similar t(12;21) has not previously been reported. The occurrence of an apparently normal cell line arising spontaneously is unique. PMID- 6224736 TI - Spontaneous abortion and subsequent Down syndrome livebirth. AB - Analyses of two data sets are presented, one based on nationwide hospital discharges for the USA for 1970-1971, the other for Upstate New York vital record data for 1976-1981. Summary relative risks of a Down syndrome livebirth were calculated within the three maternal age categories below 20, 20-29, and 30 years and above for those with a history of one spontaneous abortion and for those with a history of two or more, compared to those with no reported previous abortions. There was significant heterogeneity by age and reproductive history in the relative risk of an affected child. In general the trends revealed that the younger the mother and the more the number of abortions, the higher the relative risk of a Down syndrome livebirth compared to the rates for women of the same age for those with no previous abortions. Extrapolation from average maternal age specific rates on Down syndrome imply a rate per 1000 livebirths somewhere in the range of 1.1 to 11.4 for women under 20 years with a history of one spontaneous abortion, of 5.2 to 13.4 for women under 20 years with a history of two or more spontaneous abortions, and of 1.0 to 2.4 for women 20 to 29 years with a history of two or more spontaneous abortions. (Average "background" livebirth rates in women under 30 years are, in contrast, in the range of about 0.5 to 1.0 per 1000 and for the average woman aged 35 years, at which prenatal diagnosis is usually felt to be indicated, 2.7 per 1000.) For those in the other categories these data did not reveal clinically significant effects upon average maternal age specific rates. It is emphasized that because of limitations in the data it is not possible to refine these risks by adjusting for karyotype, the age at which the abortions occurred, or other biologic and social factors associated with embryonic and fetal death. The implications of the analyses here for genetic counseling should be regarded as preliminary and tentative. PMID- 6224737 TI - Franceschetti syndrome in a child with a de novo balanced translocation (5;13)(q11;p11) and significant decrease of hexosaminidase B. AB - We report a previously undescribed case of a de novo balanced translocation t(5;13)(q11;p11) and Franceschetti syndrome in a 3-year-old girl. The hypothesis that this unusual association might not be coincidental but rather due to position effect is proposed. Moreover the significant decrease of hexosaminidase B activity suggests the localization of this gene on the 5q11 band. PMID- 6224738 TI - Human phosphoglucomutase locus 1: red cell enzymatic activities associated with common isoelectric focusing phenotypes. AB - Human phosphoglucomutase activity has been determined in red blood cells obtained from 348 unrelated subjects. The mean activities attributed to the four common PGM1 alleles, expressed as micromoles of G6P produced per gram of Hb per hour were 53 for PGMa31, 60 for PGMa11, 61 for PGMa41 and 72 for PGMa21. The relative amount of variation associated with the electrophoretic polymorphism was estimated as 24%. PMID- 6224739 TI - Plasma mercury during prolonged acute renal failure after mercuric chloride ingestion. AB - Serial measurements of plasma mercury were made in a patient with severe and prolonged acute renal failure due to poisoning with mercuric chloride. An initial mercury concentration in whole blood of 1200 micrograms/l (6 mumol/l) was recorded, and recovery of renal function coincided with a fall in plasma mercury concentration to below 100 micrograms/l (0.5 mumol/l). The case demonstrates that survival and recovery of renal function is possible despite very high concentrations of mercury in the blood and oliguric renal failure of nearly six weeks' duration. PMID- 6224740 TI - Complement-dependent inhibition of degradation of soluble immune complexes and immunoglobulin aggregates by thioglycollate-stimulated peritoneal macrophages. AB - Previous studies have shown that the degradation of soluble immune complexes or aggregates (AIgG) by normal peritoneal macrophages can be enhanced by complement. The enhancement of degradation was shown to be at least in part dependent on the number of C3b molecules bound per complex. The present investigations indicate that the enhanced degradation is not found with thioglycollate-stimulated macrophages, and that at high concentrations of complement, inhibition may even occur. The Fc receptor-mediated degradation of soluble immune complexes and AIgG by stimulated macrophages was at least twice as high as that by normal macrophages. This increase was compatible with the increased number of Fc receptors on the stimulated macrophages. The inhibitory effect of high concentrations of serum, as a complement source, on the degradation of AIgG was dependent on the number of C3b molecules bound per AIgG. Although there was also a two-fold increase in the number of C3b receptor sites on the stimulated macrophages, more than 11 C3b molecules per AIgG40 caused significant inhibition of degradation. This phenomenon may be dependent on shielding of Fc-Fc receptor interaction by varying numbers of C3b molecules per complex. PMID- 6224742 TI - Selective action of D-penicillamine on guinea pig peritoneal macrophage Fc gamma receptors for homologous, monomeric IgG1. AB - Guinea pig oil-induced peritoneal exudates were pretreated with D-penicillamine. The binding of homologous, monomeric IgG2 and IgG1 to normal and pretreated exudates was examined. Whereas the 7S IgG2-IgG2 Fc gamma receptor interaction remains unaffected by the pretreatment, the binding of IgG1 to the IgG Fc gamma receptor population was affected. The significance of the selective effect of D penicillamine is discussed. PMID- 6224741 TI - Immune complex alterations occur on the human red blood cell membrane. AB - Experimental antigen-antibody complexes (Ag-Ab) were incubated at 37 degrees with human red blood cells (RBC) suspended in autologous normal serum and the reaction stopped after progressively increasing times. Bound antigen-antibody-complement complexes (Ag-Ab-C) were eluted from C3b receptors and the eluted Ag-Ab-C re incubated with different blood cell types suspended in serum, or centrifuged (along with unbound Ag-Ab-C found in the serum) through 20-50% sucrose gradients. Ag-Ab-C recovered from C3b receptors shortly after initial binding to RBC bound efficiently to other RBC, polymorphonuclear and mononuclear cells, and sedimented rapidly. Ag-Ab-C simultaneously present in the serum sedimented with a similar velocity. Ag-Ab-C recovered at a subsequent time during RBC interaction bound less well to each blood cell type, and sedimented less rapidly. Decreased amounts of rapidly sedimenting Ag-Ab-C were present in the serum. Ag-Ab-C recovered from C3b receptors at a still later time in the course of RBC interaction bound poorly to each cell type, and sedimented slowly. Increased amounts of slowly sedimenting Ag-Ab-C were found in the serum. These findings indicate that alterations in properties of immune complexes can occur while they are associated with C3b receptors on RBC membrane in solid phase. PMID- 6224743 TI - The sensitivity of peripheral blood lymphocytes to growth inhibition by hydrocortisone is not determined by their OKT4:OKT8 ratio. AB - Normal adult human subjects show considerable variation in sensitivity to depression of the activation phase of mitogen-induced lymphocyte growth by the natural glucocorticoid, hydrocortisone. In a study of 21 subjects, the slope of the log-dose response to hydrocortisone was unrelated to the relative numbers of cells in the two major T-cell subpopulations stained by the OKT4 and OKT8 monoclonal antibodies. It is concluded that the extent of the glucocorticoid induced suppression of early mitogen-stimulated lymphocyte growth is probably not determined by relative numbers of the various immunoregulatory lymphocytes. PMID- 6224744 TI - An indirect rosette technique for the identification and separation of human lymphocyte populations by monoclonal antibodies: a comparison with immunofluorescence methods. AB - A simple indirect rosette technique is described which allows the rapid enumeration, morphological identification and separation of monoclonal-antibody (MoAb)-defined human lymphocyte populations. The method is based on the binding to MoAb-stained cells of marker ox red blood cells coated with anti-mouse immunoglobulin. When compared with indirect immunofluorescence staining assessed by microscopy, the rosette method is quicker, shows greater sensitivity and is less subjective. Purification of helper (OKT4), suppressor (OKT8) or B-cell (BA1) subpopulations by positive or negative enrichment of rosetted cells gives purity and recoveries comparable with that of the fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS). Such purification is readily performed without loss of viability or function and is more easily done sterilely than with the FACS. PMID- 6224745 TI - IgG-Fc receptors differ in sensitivity to primary amines. AB - The effect of 12 different amines was tested on the IgG-Fc receptor (IgG-FcR) function of human peripheral mononuclear blood cells (PMBCs). While histamine and to a lesser extent dopamine resulted in a higher ratio of EA-rosette forming cells, a group of amines, like methylamine, dansylcadaverine, hydroxylamine and some others inhibited the EA-rosette formation. Neither the enhancement nor the inhibition was found to be mediated through direct interaction of amines with the Fc portion of the IgG molecule or the IgG-FcR. Only a portion of IgG-FcRs are sensitive to the amine-mediated inhibition and the results suggest that amines inhibit the cluster formation of IgG-FcRs. PMID- 6224746 TI - [Fat infusion and carbohydrate metabolism]. AB - In non-insulin-dependent diabetics (type II), in obese patients and in critically ill patients, there is an insulin resistant metabolic state. The mechanism of insulin resistance can be defined in states of reduced insulin sensitivity of the receptor, reduced insulin responsiveness, and a combination of these two hormone resistant states. The molecular mechanism or the insulin resistance may be localized prior to the interaction of insulin with the receptors (pre-receptor defect), alteration of the interaction of insulin with its receptor, and disorders associated with the alteration of the intracellular steps in insulin action (post-receptor defect). In acutely ill patients the number of insulin receptors are diminished and a reduced sensitivity and reduced responsiveness of the metabolism to insulin action may result. At the intracellular level there is an inhibition of the phosphofructokinase and the pyruvatedehydrogenase complex. In this given metabolic state fatty acids are preferentially metabolized, which may be supported by intravenous fat. Later, if no special restrictions against the lipid component are given, the parenteral nutrition should use all the three main components: lipids, glucose and amino acids. PMID- 6224747 TI - Effect of 13-cis-retinoic acid and 4-hydroxyphenyl-all-trans-retinamide on human tumor colony formation in soft agar. AB - We studied the effects of 13-cis-retinoic acid (13cRA) and 4-hydroxyphenyl-all trans-retinamide (4HPR) on the proliferation of clonogenic human tumor colony forming units (TCFU) from patient biopsies in soft agar. Continuous exposure (5 X 10(-6)M) to 13cRA and 4HPR reduced colony formation to less than 50% of control in 49% and 31% of cases, respectively. This suggests that these retinoids have antiproliferative activity against TCFU. Continuous exposure to 13cRA reduced the number of TCFU to 30% of control in 22.6% of cases while 4HPR reduced colony formation to less than 30% of control in only 10% of patients tested. Prospective in vitro/in vivo correlations for 13cRA indicated that clinical resistance was correctly predicted in 4 of 4 cases treated while clinical response was predicted in 2 of 2 cases (one minor and one partial response). These data suggest that retinoids may have modest antitumor effects and that inhibition of TCFU growth in vitro may be used to screen for such activity. PMID- 6224748 TI - Thrombolysis in acute myocardial infarction: what about the underlying coronary stenosis? PMID- 6224749 TI - Measurement of microvascular blood flow in cancellous bone using laser Doppler flowmetry and 133Xe-clearance. AB - Blood flow in cancellous bone with varying vascular density was investigated simultaneously with Laser Doppler Flowmetry (LDF) and 133Xe-clearance. The cancellous bone subapical to 2 contralateral incisors in the mandibles of 17 young pigs was used as an experimental model. Light from a 2 mW He-Ne-laser was guided through an optical fibre to a flowmeter probe. Stainless steel probe holders firmly inserted in the pulpal canals of the two incisors served as the probe entrance to cancellous bone for blood flow recording. Due to the Doppler effect, the light scattered by circulating blood cells undergoes a frequency shift. The back-scattered light picked up by optical fibres in the probe, was guided to a photosensitive device, where it was demodulated. After signal processing, a signal referred to as the Blood Flow Value (BFV) was recorded on a pen recorder. Rhythmical variations (vasomotion) in BFV with frequencies from 2 11 cycles/min were observed in 6% of recordings made initially after probe-holder implantation, and in 34% of the recordings made 5 weeks later. On this occasion, a marked increase in BFV was recorded. Histological examination showed increased vascularity in the bone tissue. The reproducibility error of LDF was 7.4% and temporal changes in BFV, apart from vasomotion, were 8.3%, provided no injections or manipulations of the probe were made. Spatial variations in BFV were found to be related to the vascular density. 2 successive recordings by LDF from the same bone area were highly correlated (r = 0.98). The corresponding figure for 2 logarithmic decay rates of locally injected 133Xe was 0.76. No correlation between BFV and 133Xe-clearance could be demonstrated. PMID- 6224750 TI - Galactofuranosyl-containing glycopeptide of Penicillium charlesii. Vacuum ultraviolet circular dichroism. AB - The far and vacuum u.v. circular dichroism (CD) of peptidophosphogalactomannan from P. charlesii is reported to 182.5 nm in aqueous and aqueous/organic solvents, and to 150nm in films. CD of films of the peptide-free derivative is reported to 150 nm. On the basis of these data we conclude that the peptide chain is unordered, and may best be described as a hydrated coil showing some stiffness. The small observed saccharide CD may result from cancellation of contributions from the various saccharide structures present or from a lack of repeating secondary structure. PMID- 6224751 TI - Non-disabled opinions on sexual activities and family roles for disabled persons, and disabled persons' views of these opinions. AB - The aim of the present study was to investigate non-disabled persons' opinions about sexual activities and family roles for the disabled, and then to compare them with disabled persons' views of these same opinions. The sample consisted of 103 persons with visible orthopaedic disabilities in the lower limbs, and 124 non disabled persons who were chosen to match the characteristics of the disabled group. The subjects responded to statements on sexual activities and family roles with which they indicated agreement or disagreement. Overall, the results indicated the existence of a consistent discrepancy between disabled assumptions about the opinions of the non-disabled persons and the actual opinions expressed by non-disabled subjects. PMID- 6224752 TI - [Unstable angina pectoris and pre-infarct syndrome]. PMID- 6224753 TI - [Transluminal coronary dilatation]. PMID- 6224754 TI - Changes in the distribution of lens calcium during development of x-ray cataract. AB - The present study was designed to examine the possible role of calcium in the opacification of x-ray-induced cataract in rabbit. The results demonstrate that the concentration of calcium in x-rayed lenses, just prior to lens hydration (7.5 weeks postirradiation), was twice that present in contralateral control lenses. At this stage of immature cataract, the lens nucleus remained transparent and maintained a normal level of calcium, but the lens cortex, containing regions of subcapsular opacification, accumulated a level of calcium that was twice that of the control. In the completely opaque mature cataract, (8-9 weeks postx-ray), both the cortex and nucleus had gained significant amounts of calcium. As the concentration of total calcium increased in the immature x-ray cataract, the amount of the cation bound to membranes and insoluble proteins of the cytosol also increased comparably. However, the relative proportion of calcium in the various fractions remained unaltered in the immature cataract; in both control lenses and immature cataracts, 20% of the total calcium remained in the membrane pellet and 70% was located in the soluble protein fraction. Only in the mature stage of cataract was a shift in the distribution of calcium apparent, as the proportion of calcium in the soluble protein fraction increased to 90%. Although only 7% of the total calcium in a mature cataract was bound to membrane, the amount represented a fivefold increase over the control. The results of this study demonstrate that an elevation in lens calcium accompanies the opacification process in x-ray cataract. The work also suggests that changes in calcium levels are not likely to result from inactivation of Ca-ATPase. PMID- 6224755 TI - Rhodopsin chromophore exchanges among opsin molecules in the dark. AB - Turnover of rhodopsin chromophore in vertebrate visual cells has been explored by light microscope autoradiography (LMARG) and radiobiochemical techniques. Retinol binding protein (RBP) was isolated from human serum, its native ligand removed and replaced with [3H]-retinol. After reconstitution, [3H]-retinol-RBP was reassociated with prealbumin (PA), and the protein complex injected intravenously into dark-adapted animals. After selected intervals in the dark, animals were killed, and ocular tissues dissected under infrared illumination. Eyecups from frogs and mice were fixed (4 C) and after in situ reduction of the chromophore protein linkage of rhodopsin with borane dimethyl amine (BDMA), processed histologically to retain lipids, or alternatively to extract them with chloroform methanol (C-M), and LMARG performed. Rhodopsin was purified from detergent solubilized mouse retinas by Concanavalin A (Con A) affinity chromatography and analyzed for radioactivity. Autoradiographic labeling of frog rod outer segments (ROS) was first detectable at 1 day postinjection, increasing over the duration of the experiment. At all times, label was distributed throughout the organelle in a diffuse pattern, although in certain cases a band of silver grains was also evident at the proximal end of the ROS, the site of new membrane assembly. Similar autoradiographic patterns were noted in mouse rods, although the kinetics of labeling differed in certain respects. In biochemical experiments, incorporation of [3H]-retinol into mouse rhodopsin was seen to occur very rapidly (less than 30 min), without an appreciable lag period. We interpret the diffuse labeling of ROS to result from an exchange in the dark of [3H]-vitamin A aldehyde for unlabeled opsin-bound chromophore, whereas the formation of a reaction band no doubt reflects the continual renewal of ROS membrane occurring in the dark. With respect to the former, the turnover of chromophore qualitatively resembles that found for membrane fatty acids. PMID- 6224756 TI - Posterior and anterior permeability defects? Morphologic observations on streptozotocin-treated rats. AB - Structural abnormalities of the blood-ocular barrier were examined in streptozotocin (STZ)-treated hyperglycemic rats, after 9 days, 6 months, and 10 months' duration of "diabetes," and in normoglycemic control animals using the horseradish peroxidase tracer technique combined with light and electron microscopy. The most frequent abnormalities consisted of small areas of diffuse dense staining by the tracer of (1) the retinal pigment epithelium and (2) the nonpigmented ciliary epithelium. Pigment epithelium abnormalities occurred occasionally in both groups of animals with approximately equal frequency and extent. Ciliary body abnormalities occurred also in both groups, but were frequent; statistically, the probability of these changes was not significantly different between the two groups. At the ora serrata, tracer escape was present through the retinal pigment epithelium into subretinal space and retina. Retinal vascular leakage occurred rarely and may be related to tracer toxicity rather than hyperglycemia. Thus, using the HRP method, we cannot confirm the claim that sustained STZ-induced hyperglycemia causes breakdown of the blood-retinal barrier in the rat. PMID- 6224757 TI - Three step medical and surgical treatment of endometriosis. PMID- 6224758 TI - Clinical manifestations and diagnosis of endometriosis. PMID- 6224760 TI - Disconnecting the Baby Doe hotline. PMID- 6224759 TI - The effects of dichloro-trans-dihydroxy-bis-isopropyl-amine-platinum IV on the primary cell-mediated cytotoxic response. AB - The effects of diamino-dichloro-cis-platinum II (DDP) and dichloro-trans-bis isopropyl-amine-platinum IV (DDIP or CHIP) on the primary cell-mediated cytotoxic (CMC) response developed in a mixed lymphocyte tumor cell culture (MLTC) were investigated. DDP as well as CHIP added on day 0 augmented the CMC response when spleen cells from C57Bl/6 mice were cultured for 4 days with supraoptimal numbers of irradiated (4000 rads) allogeneic P815 mastocytoma cells. A similar effect was observed when mice were treated with either of the two platinum compounds 1 or 5 days prior to spleen removal and sensitization of the spleen cells in a MLTC. Augmentation was not observed at optimal or suboptimal R:S. When spleen cells were preincubated with CHIP, only inhibitory effects on the CMC response could be demonstrated. Decreasing Cl- -ion concentrations in the preincubation medium increased the inhibitory effect of CHIP. After CHIP administration to spleen donor mice, the development of antigen specific suppressor cells was inhibited only at doses higher than those required to inhibit the development of nonspecific suppressor cells. Spleen responder cells from CHIP-treated donors exhibited a lower sensitivity to both antigen-specific and nonspecific suppressor cells than spleen responder cells from untreated control donors. PMID- 6224761 TI - [Allergies to dental materials and dental pharmacologic agents]. AB - Allergic reactions to dental materials and remedies cause stomatitis in the patient and a contact dermatitis in the dental personnel. Topical contact (acrylic resin denture materials, heat accumulation, plaques on the denture) and endogenic (symptom of internal and psychiatric illnesses) factors are the cause for denture sore mouth. In metallic alloys corrosions and electric currents can effect an irritation to the oral mucosa. The application of amalgam fillings can possibly result in a mercurialism. Dental remedies used for treatment of wounds and dental roots are potent sensitizers. Surface anesthetics with tetracaine are the most frequent contact allergens for dentists. Injectable local anesthetics produce anaphylactic type reactions as well as toxic side-effects in the patient. PMID- 6224762 TI - A quantitative cytochemical method for phosphofructokinase in plant tissues. AB - A quantitative cytochemical method for the demonstration of phosphofructokinase has been successfully applied to a range of plant tissues. The findings indicate that this enzyme system may be assayed as an indicator of glycolytic activity in plant cells, and furthermore tha the very high endogenous phosphoenolpyruvate concentrations may not be rate limiting in vivo. PMID- 6224763 TI - Myofibrillar ATPase activity in human muscle fast-twitch subtypes. AB - Under local anesthesia, a muscle biopsy was removed from an individual with a high percentage of type II subtypes. The muscle sample was assayed for myofibrillar ATPase activity using various acid preincubation pH values. Subtle differences were found to exist in the acid-lability of ATPase activity among the type II fibers. These observations suggest different ratios of IIA/IIB myosis and may reflect a gradual transformation between type IIA and IIB fibers. PMID- 6224764 TI - HLA and T-lymphocyte function in old age. AB - The role of the major histocompatibility complex in the genetic control of reactivity of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (T lymphocytes) to lectins and allogeneic cells as a function of age was investigated. In randomly selected aged subjects the frequencies of HLA-A, B, and some C locus alleles did not differ significantly from those in the control group. However, some tendencies of haplotype frequency differences between young and aged subjects were found. Significant associations of impaired or preserved T-lymphocyte function could be detected in connection with some HLA-A (A3, A11) antigens only. The tendency of some phenotypic HLA-A and B or C and B antigen associations to be in correlation with impaired or preserved T-lymphocyte reactivity in old age seemed to be independent of their age-related frequency differences. In family studies of a partially inbred Hungarian population, differences were found in the rate of diminution of allogeneic reactivity in groups sharing different HLA haplotypes. Based on statistical analysis of these data, a genetic factor segregating with the MHC and taking part in the regulation of the age-dependent decline of T lymphocyte reactivity can be postulated. PMID- 6224765 TI - Optic glioma and Down's syndrome. PMID- 6224766 TI - Immune-mediated vasculitis in five dogs. AB - Vasculitis was diagnosed in 5 dogs. Clinical signs varied, but all 5 dogs had signs of systemic illness. Inflammation and fibrinoid necrosis of small blood vessels were consistent findings. The skin and mucous membranes were the main tissues involved in 3 dogs; polyarthropathy and myopathy were diagnosed in 1 dog and myopathy in 1 dog. Good response to corticosteroid therapy was achieved in 3 dogs; in 2 dogs, immunosuppressive therapy with cyclophosphamide was necessary and the dogs responded well. PMID- 6224767 TI - The density of muscle spindles in the medial, intermediate and lateral columns of human intrinsic postvertebral muscles. AB - The area occupied by the intrinsic postvertebral muscles varies in the different region of the back. This is associated with variations in the densities of muscle spindles in successive segments of the three columns of muscle. In the thoracic region, the lateral column has the highest density of spindles, whilst the intermediate and medial columns have steadily less. The attachment of iliocostalis and longissimus thoracis muscles to the ribs is such that contraction of these muscles can produce changes in the costotransverse joints. Conversely, movement in these joints might stimulate stretch receptors in the postvertebral muscles. There is collateral innervation of the costotransverse joints and the postvertebral muscles of the thoracic region by the posterior ramus. The finding of high densities of spindles in the thoracic region would therefore seem to support the hypothesis that these muscles probably monitor postural activity of the back as well as the rib cage. PMID- 6224768 TI - Aclacinomycin A-inhibition of phage phi X174 DNA synthesis in vitro. AB - Aclacinomycin A inhibited the in vitro conversion of phage phi X174 single stranded DNA to the replicative form DNA. DNA synthesis was inhibited by 50% in the presence of 15 microM aclacinomycin A. The inhibition was competitive with respect to template DNA (Ki = 13 microM) and was reversed by addition of Escherichia coli cell extracts. Short complementary strands approximately one third of unit length molecule were synthesized in the presence of 15 microM aclacinomycin A. The data suggest that aclacinomycin A may inhibit the process of phi X174 DNA chain elongation by a direct interaction with the E. coli host enzymes. PMID- 6224769 TI - Norfloxacin (MK-0366) treatment of urinary tract infections in hospitalized patients. AB - Norfloxacin (MK-0366) is a new antibacterial agent, closely related to nalidixic acid, with broad spectrum activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa. A clinical study was conducted on forty hospitalized patients with bacteriologically proven urinary tract infections; 20 patients were given norfloxacin and 20 co-trimoxazole. Clinical results were excellent in both groups; norfloxacin was effective in infections due to Ps. aeruginosa and other multi-resistant pathogens. No side effects were reported. PMID- 6224770 TI - [Simultaneous radiology and thermography. Apropos of 2 cases of malignant bone tumors]. PMID- 6224771 TI - S gene product: identification and membrane localization of a lysis control protein. AB - The product of the bacteriophage S gene has been previously shown to be required for an essential step in triggering host cell lysis. By using two different protein labeling systems, maxicells and UV-irradiated infected cells, we identified the S gene product as an 8,500-molecular-weight polypeptide associated with the cell envelope. The apparent molecular weight is significantly less than the 11,500 predicted from the S gene sequence. We were unable to confirm two previous identifications of S gene products, an acidic 15,000-molecular-weight polypeptide found by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of infected cells and a 5,500-molecular-weight polypeptide in purified phage particles. PMID- 6224772 TI - Cloning and expression of uncI, the first gene of the unc operon of Escherichia coli. AB - The unc operon of Escherichia coli consists of eight genes coding for the eight subunits of the proton-translocating ATPase. In vitro transcription-translation of DNA cloned from the beginning of the operon onto plasmids reveals that the reading frame uncI, which precedes the other genes of the operon, codes for a protein with a molecular weight of 14,500, called i. In minicells, the i protein is synthesized in amounts comparable to the amounts of the ATPase subunits, suggesting that it may be part of the ATPase complex. The presence of the unc promoter and uncI on a plasmid containing the other eight genes of the unc operon has little effect on the differential expression of the unc genes or the partitioning of the newly synthesized subunits into soluble or sedimentable fractions in the in vitro system. The i protein partitions into the sedimentable fraction. PMID- 6224773 TI - Two-dimensional electrophoresis of plasma membranes, showing differences among wild-type and abnormal ascospore mutant strains of Neurospora crassa. AB - Plasma membranes isolated from vegetative cultures of wild-type Neurospora crassa were analyzed by two-dimensional electrophoresis, followed by staining with silver nitrate to visualize proteins and fluorescein-labeled concanavalin A to visualize glycosylated subunits. Mycelial plasma membranes from strains carrying mutations affecting ascospores were also analyzed. Two of the mutant strains were shown to have aberrant two-dimensional membrane subunit patterns. The correlation of these abnormalities with the known electron microscopic evidence for aberrations of their ascospore-delimiting membrane during ascospore genesis is discussed. PMID- 6224774 TI - Temperature-inducible amber suppressor: construction of plasmids containing the Escherichia coli serU- (supD-) gene under control of the bacteriophage lambda pL promoter. AB - An Escherichia coli DNA fragment containing the structural gene serU132 for the nonsense suppressor tRNASer2am was identified and purified by being cloned into a plasmid vector. Information obtained from DNA sequence analysis was used to select a serU132 fragment for insertion downstream from the bacteriophage lambda pL promoter in two pBR322-lambda derivatives. In nonsense mutant strains bearing the resulting serU132 hybrid plasmids, the presence of the lambda cI857 repressor gene carried on the same plasmid or in a prophage genome permits thermal regulation of suppressor synthesis. PMID- 6224775 TI - Expression of hydroxamate and phenolate siderophores by Shigella flexneri. AB - Shigella flexneri strains were assayed for the ability to synthesize and utilize phenolate and hydroxamate siderophores. The hydroxamate aerobactin was synthesized by all isolates tested, whereas phenolates were only rarely produced. Expression of aerobactin was accompanied by production of a single iron-regulated outer membrane protein (Mr = 74,000). This protein was not produced by a mutant defective in aerobactin utilization and may serve as the aerobactin receptor. Phenolate (enterobactin)-producing strains synthesized three additional outer membrane proteins (Mr = 74,000, 81,000, and 83,000) in response to iron starvation. These proteins are the same apparent size as those produced by Escherichia coli K-12 strains. Ent sequences are apparently present in strains which do not synthesize this compound. Although normally silent, ent genes can be activated in Ent- strains to produce Ent+ variants. These laboratory variants are phenotypically indistinguishable from clinical Ent+ isolates. PMID- 6224776 TI - Inhibitory spectrum of mouse contrapsin and alpha-1-antitrypsin against mouse serine proteases. AB - Contrapsin and alpha-1-antitrypsin have been recently characterized as major protease inhibitors in mouse plasma (Takahara, H. & Sinohara, H. (1982) J. Biol. Chem. 257, 2438-2446). We have studied the effects of the two inhibitors upon various serine proteases prepared from mouse tissues. Trypsin, plasmin and trypsin-like proteases of the submaxillary gland were inhibited by contrapsin but not by alpha-1-antitrypsin. On the other hand, chymotrypsin, elastase, and thrombin were inactivated by alpha-1-antitrypsin but not by contrapsin. Thus, their inhibitory spectra did not overlap each other in spite of their broad specificities. The inhibition of trypsin, chymotrypsin, and elastase was rapid and stoichiometric, whereas the inhibition of the other proteases was relatively slow. Contrapsin accounted for almost the total capacities of mouse plasma to inhibit both trypsin and submaxillary gland trypsin-like proteases, whereas alpha 1-antitrypsin was responsible for nearly all the capacities of plasma to inhibit both chymotrypsin and elastase. PMID- 6224777 TI - Zearalenone reductase from rat liver. AB - Zearalenone is known to be reduced by rat liver preparations to a more active estrogenic metabolite, alpha-zearalenol. To elucidate the enzymatic feature of zearalenone reductase, we worked out a simple assay procedure for this enzyme using [3H]-zearalenone and thin layer chromatography (TLC). The NAD(P)H-dependent zearalenone reductase localized in the microsomes was most active at pH 4-4.5, while the reductase localized in the cytosol was active at neutral pH. The former enzyme reduced zearalenone only to alpha-zearalenol and the latter reduced both alpha-zearalenol and beta-zearalenol. The microsomal enzyme was solubilized with Triton X-100 and purified by DEAE-Sephadex, hydroxyapatite and Sepharose 4B column chromatographies. The partially purified enzyme showed the following properties. a) The molecular weight of the enzyme was estimated to be about 230,000 by Sepharose 4B chromatography. b) The apparent Km value of the enzyme was 1.0 X 10(-5) M for zearalenone at an NADPH concentration of 1 mM. c) The enzyme activity was inhibited by a high concentration of KCl but not by 1 mM Co2+, Mn2+, Zn2+, EDTA, or 20 mM N-ethylmaleimide. PMID- 6224779 TI - Reaction mechanism of 21S dynein ATPase from sea urchin sperm. II. Formation of reaction intermediates. AB - The amounts of ATP and ADP bound to 21S dynein during the ATPase reaction were measured in the presence of 2.83 mg/ml 21S dynein, 2 mM PEP, 4 mg/ml PK, 0.1 M KCl, 5 mM MgCl2, 1 mM DTT, 0.1 mM PMSF, 50% [2-3H]glycerol, and 20 mM imidazole at pH 7.0 and 0 degrees C. The maximum amounts of ATP and ADP bound to 21S dynein were 0.29 and 0.55 mol/(10(6) g protein), respectively. The dissociation constants of ATP for the ATP and ADP binding (4 microM) were almost equal to the Km value (3.7 microM) of dynein-ATPase in the steady state. The amount of bound ADP during the initial phase showed an overshoot, which reached 0.6-0.8 mol/10(6) g protein at 5 s, then decreased to the steady state level within 20 s. Furthermore, the rate of TCA-Pi liberation during the initial 5 s was 6 times the steady-state rate. The apparent Pi-burst size, estimated by extrapolating the steady-state Pi liberation to zero time, was 1.33 mol/(10(6) g protein). The true Pi-burst size was calculated to be 1.56 mol/(10(6) g protein) by correcting for the effect of Pi liberation at steady state. All these findings could be explained quantitatively by the following reaction scheme for 21S dynein ATPase in the presence of glycerol: (formula; see text) where K1 = 25.5 microM, and k2, k3, and k4 were 0.39, 0.21, and 0.11 s-1, respectively. PMID- 6224778 TI - Reaction mechanism of 21S dynein ATPase from sea urchin sperm. I. Kinetic properties in the steady state. AB - 21S Dynein ATPase [EC 3.6.1.3] from axonemes of a Japanese sea urchin, Pseudocentrotus depressus, and its subunit fractions were studied to determine their kinetic properties in the steady state, using [gamma-32P]ATP at various concentrations, 5 mM divalent cations, and 20 mM imidazole at pH 7.0 and 0 degrees C. The following results were obtained. 1. 21S Dynein had a latent ATPase activity of about 0.63 mumol Pi/(mg . min) in 1 mM ATP, 100 mM KCl, 4 mM MgSO4, 0.5 mM EDTA, and 30 mM Tris-HCl at pH 8.0 and 25 degrees C. Its exposure to 0.1% Triton X-100 for 5 min at 25 degrees C induced an increase in the ATPase activity to about 3.75 mumol Pi/(mg . min) and treatment at 40 degrees C for 5 min also induced a similar activation. 2. The double-reciprocal plot for the ATPase activity of dynein activated by the treatment at 40 degrees C consisted of two straight lines, while that of nonactivated 21S dynein fitted a single straight line. 3. In low ionic strength solution, the Mg- and Mn-ATPase of 21S dynein showed substrate inhibition at ATP concentrations above 0.1 mM; the inhibition decreased with increasing ionic strength. Ca- and Sr-ATPase showed no substrate inhibition. 4. Both the Vmax and Km values of dynein ATPase decreased reversibly upon addition of about 40% (v/v) glycerol. In the presence of glycerol, the dynein ATPase showed an initial burst of Pi liberation. The apparent Pi-burst size was 1.0 mol/(10(6) g protein) and the true size was calculated to be 1.6 mol/1,250 K after correcting for the effect of Pi liberation in the steady state and the purity of our preparation. 5. One of the subunit fractions of 21S dynein which was obtained by the method of Tang et al. showed substrate inhibition and an initial burst of Pi liberation of 1.4 mol/(10(6) g protein) in the presence of 54% (v/v) glycerol. PMID- 6224780 TI - Synthesis of enzyme-bound ATP by mitochondrial soluble F1-ATPase in the presence of dimethylsulfoxide. PMID- 6224781 TI - Ca2+ regulation not associated with phosphorylation of myosin light chain in aortic intima smooth muscle. II. Effects of regulatory proteins on the actin myosin interaction. AB - Contractile and regulatory proteins were prepared from bovine aortic intima, and actin from bovine stomach smooth and rabbit skeletal muscles. In the desensitized and reconstituted actomyosin system, the superprecipitation activity was measured by the turbidity method. Superprecipitation of each system was not exhibited even in the presence of Ca ions, but was observable only in the presence of tropomyosin and Ca ions, while 20,000-dalton light chain of myosin remained dephosphorylated during the reaction. Addition of tropomyosin to the reconstituted acto-myosin digest system (trypsin-digested myosin was devoid of 20,000-dalton light chain) also restored the Ca2+-sensitivity. These results indicate that the phosphorylation of myosin light chain is not a crucial step in the contraction of aortic intima smooth muscle. For full activation of the actin myosin-ATP interaction, additional factors other than the myosin light chain kinase are required, although some contribution of the kinase to the full activation cannot be ruled out. PMID- 6224782 TI - Ca2+-ATPase membrane crystals in sarcoplasmic reticulum. The effect of trypsin digestion. AB - Vanadate induces the formation of two-dimensional crystalline arrays of Ca2+ ATPase molecules in sarcoplasmic reticulum. The Ca2+-ATPase membrane crystals are evenly distributed among the terminal cisternae and longitudinal tubules of sarcoplasmic reticulum, but very few crystals were observed in the T tubules. Tryptic cleavage of the Ca2+ transport ATPase into two major fragments (A and B) did not interfere with the vanadate-induced formation of membrane crystals. The ability of Ca2+-ATPase to crystallize was lost after further cleavage of the A fragment into the A1 and A2 subfragments that is known to be accompanied by loss of Ca2+ uptake. Vanadate (0.1-5 mM) inhibited the secondary cleavage of Ca2+ ATPase by trypsin suggesting that the susceptibility of the tryptic cleavage sites is influenced either by the conformation of the enzyme or by the formation of ATPase crystals. PMID- 6224783 TI - Protonic inhibition of the mitochondrial oligomycin-sensitive adenosine 5' triphosphatase in ischemic and autolyzing cardiac muscle. Possible mechanism for the mitigation of ATP hydrolysis under nonenergizing conditions. AB - Ischemic myocardium was produced by occluding the left circumflex coronary artery in anesthetized dogs for 10 or 20 min. Autolyzed myocardium was produced by incubating transmural samples of canine left ventricle at 37 degrees C for 5, 10, 15, 20, 40, or 60 min. Tissue pH was recorded continuously in each model using a microcombination pH electrode impaled into the midmyocardium. Mitochondria isolated from both ischemic and autolyzed tissue exhibited marked parallel depressions of oligomycin-sensitive ATPase activity, Km ATP, and Vmax. All of these parameters dropped more markedly during the zero flow autolytic process than during the low flow ischemia characteristic of the canine left circumflex occlusion model. The changes in the ATPase kinetic parameters paralleled closely the drop in tissue pH in each model. These ATPase kinetic changes were then reproduced in vitro both quantitatively and qualitatively by incubating isolated control mitochondria at the same pH values under nonenergizing conditions. It thus became evident that we had, in effect, utilized the oligomycin-sensitive ATPase as an in situ indicator of cell acidosis. Reperfusion of 15-min ischemic myocardium was accompanied by a complete reversal of the acidosis and of the ATPase activity inhibition. The ATPase inhibition demonstrable in vitro in isolated mitochondria occurred when the pH was lowered, but only when there was a concomitant dissipation of the transmembrane electrochemical gradient. The ATPase inhibition was then reversed completely during a subsequent state 4 incubation by a carbonyl cyanide p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone-sensitive process. PMID- 6224784 TI - Kinetic analysis of nicotinate phosphoribosyltransferase from yeast using high pressure liquid chromatography. AB - A new procedure has been designed for the purification of nicotinate phosphoribosyltransferase and orotate phosphoribosyltransferase from the same baker's yeast extract. Using purified nicotinate phosphoribosyltransferase, the enzyme-catalyzed formation of nicotinate mononucleotide was analyzed using a new high pressure liquid chromatographic assay (Hanna, L., and Sloan, D. L. (1980) Anal. Biochem. 103, 230-234). Initial velocity measurements and product inhibition studies, with pyrophosphate, were performed. In addition, this assay procedure was used to demonstrate that purified nicotinate phosphoribosyltransferase possesses an ATPase activity in the presence of either product (pyrophosphate or nicotinate mononucleotide (NaMN] but in the absence of 5-phosphoribosyl alpha-1-pyrophosphate (P-Rib-PP). Moreover, exchanges of radioactivity between specific substrate/product pairs [( 14C]nicotinate/NaMN and [32P]PPi/P-Rib-PP) in the absence of other substrates were not observed when these pairs were incubated with nicotinate phosphoribosyltransferase, and binding of [14C] nicotinate to nicotinate phosphoribosyltransferase was not detected in the presence of ATP. In contrast, an exchange of label between ATP and [14C]ADP was characterized in the absence of other substrates and in the presence of either P-Rib-PP or PPi. These results indicate that nicotinate phosphoribosyltransferase proceeds through the use of an ordered Uni Uni Bi Ter Ping Pong kinetic mechanism during which ATP reacts with nicotinate phosphoribosyltransferase to form ADP and a previously described phosphorylated enzyme (Kosaka, A., Spivey, H. O., and Gholson, R. K. (1977) Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 179, 334-341). Thereafter, P-Rib-PP and nicotinate bind in order to the active site, to produce PPi and NaMN which are released in a random order followed by Pi. The Km values for ATP, P-Rib-PP, and nicotinate were calculated to be 70 +/- 10, 24 +/- 3, and 23 +/- 4 microM, respectively, whereas a value for Ki(PRPP) of 5 +/- 1 microM was determined. PMID- 6224785 TI - DNA polymerase alpha cofactors C1C2 function as primer recognition proteins. AB - Most, if not all, of the DNA polymerase alpha activity in monkey and human cells was complexed with at least two proteins, C1 and C2, that together stimulated the activity of this enzyme from 180- to 1800-fold on low concentrations of denatured DNA, parvovirus DNA, M13, and phi X174 DNA or RNA-primed DNA templates, and poly(dT):oligo(dA) or oligo(rA). These primer-template combinations, which have from 200 to 5000 bases of template/primer, were then 7- to 50-fold more effective as substrates than DNase I-activated DNA. C1C2 specifically stimulated alpha polymerase, and only from the same cell type. Alpha X C1C2-polymerase reconstituted from purified alpha polymerase and the C1C2 cofactor complex behaved the same as native alpha X C1C2-polymerase and C1C2 had no effect on the sensitivity of alpha polymerase to aphidicolin, dideoxythymidine triphosphate, and N-ethylmaleimide. In the presence of substrates with a high ratio of single stranded DNA template to either DNA or RNA primar, C1C2 increased the rate of DNA synthesis by decreasing the Km for the DNA substrate, decreasing the Km for the primer itself, increasing the use of shorter primers, and stimulating incorporation of the first deoxyribonucleotide. In contrast, C1C2 had no effect on the Km values for deoxyribonucleotide substrates (which were about 150-fold higher than for DNA replication in isolated nuclei), the ability of specific DNA sequences to arrest alpha polymerase, or the processivity of alpha polymerase. Accordingly, C1C2 function as primer recognition proteins. However, C1C2 did not reduce the comparatively high Km values or stimulate DNA synthesis by alpha polymerase on lambda DNA ends and DNase I-activated DNA, substrates with 12 and about 30-70 bases of template/primer, respectively. DNA restriction fragments with 1 to 4 bases of template/primer were substrates for neither alpha nor alpha X C1C2-polymerase. Therefore, we propose that C1C2 enhances the ability of alpha polymerase to initiate DNA synthesis by eliminating nonproductive binding of the enzyme to single-stranded DNA, allowing it to slide along the template until it recognizes a primer. PMID- 6224786 TI - Enhancement of the reconstituted glucose transport activity from LM cells by phosphatidylethanolamine. AB - The glucose transport activity from LM cells was solubilized with sodium cholate and reconstituted into liposomes containing phospholipids of varied polar head group composition. The reconstituted vesicles exhibited time-dependent preferential uptake of D- versus L-glucose. Phloretin and mercuric chloride, known inhibitors of glucose transport in the intact cells, inhibited the reconstituted transport activity. The transport activity was found to be sensitive to the phospholipid composition of the reconstituted vesicles. Proteoliposomes containing phosphatidylethanolamine showed increased transport activity. In addition, incubation of reconstituted vesicles containing phosphatidylcholine with phospholipase D plus ethanolamine resulted in vesicles containing phosphatidylcholine plus phosphatidylethanolamine and increased transport activity. These results indicate that the glucose transport system of LM cells is sensitive to polar head group structure of the phospholipids. PMID- 6224787 TI - Calcium cation regulation of glycoprotein IIb-IIIa complex formation in platelet plasma membranes. AB - The regulating effect of Ca2+ on the association and dissociation of the glycoprotein IIb-IIIa complex from human platelet membranes was determined both for detergent-solubilized and intact plasma membranes. Glycoproteins IIb and IIIa were solubilized from isolated membranes with 0.5% Triton X-100 and incubated in buffers containing ionized calcium, which resulted in the formation of the glycoprotein IIb-IIIa complex. With the addition of EGTA to reduce the ionized calcium content of the solution, the glycoprotein IIb-IIIa complex dissociated. This dissociation was measured by comparing the sedimentation properties of the glycoproteins and by observing the susceptibility of glycoprotein IIb to thrombin catalyzed hydrolysis. With 10(-3) M Ca2+, glycoproteins IIb and IIIa were resistant to hydrolysis at thrombin concentrations up to 2.4 X 10(-5) M. When the Ca2+ concentration was decreased to less than 10(-4) M by chelation with EDTA or EGTA, glycoprotein IIb was cleaved by thrombin. This increased susceptibility to thrombin hydrolysis at decreasing Ca2+ levels correlated with the increased dissociation of the glycoprotein IIb-IIIa complex as determined by sucrose density centrifugation. Susceptibility to thrombin hydrolysis was also used as a probe to determine the extent to which Ca2+ regulates the formation of the glycoprotein IIb-IIIa complex within membranes. At more than micromolar levels of Ca2+, less than 10% of the membrane-bound glycoprotein IIb was cleaved by thrombin. Increased hydrolysis was observed at decreasing concentrations of Ca2+. Resistance to thrombin hydrolysis was partially regained upon the readdition of Ca2+ to dissociated glycoproteins. These data indicate that micromolar concentrations of Ca2+ exert a direct effect on platelet plasma membrane structure by regulating the intramembranous interactions of glycoprotein IIb. PMID- 6224788 TI - The immunological and structural comparisons of deoxyribonucleases I. Glycosylation differences between bovine pancreatic and parotid deoxyribonucleases. AB - A rabbit antiserum against bovine pancreatic DNase A is used to study the immunological reaction of DNases I. As shown by double immunodiffusion, bovine pancreatic DNases A, B, C, and D are immunologically identical, so are DNases from bovine pancreas and parotid and from ovine pancreas. These DNases also behave similarly in immunotitration of DNase activity and all are tightly bound to the immunoaffinity medium, requiring an acidic buffer with 10% ammonium sulfate to dissociate. On the other hand, porcine pancreatic and malted barley DNases that do not form precipitin lines remain active in solution with the antibody; however, in spite of the lack of inhibition these DNases are retarded (but not tightly bound) in immunoaffinity chromatography, suggesting interaction with the antibody. In thin layer isoelectric focusing, the parotid DNase, purified with the immunoaffinity technique, shows only two major active components whose isoelectric points correspond to those of DNases A and C of bovine pancreas. As estimated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, the molecular weight of parotid DNase is 34,000, approximately 3,000 more than that of the pancreatic enzyme. However, both parotid and pancreatic DNases have the same NH2-terminal leucine, an identical COOH-terminal amino acid sequence, nearly identical amino acid compositions, and almost the same peptide maps. The molecular weight difference is due to differences in the carbohydrate side chains. Results of peptide analyses indicate that parotid DNase contains two glycopeptides; pancreatic DNase has only one. In addition, both parotid glycopeptides contain glucosamine and galactosamine while the pancreatic glycopeptide has only glucosamine. PMID- 6224789 TI - The lysosomal proton pump is electrogenic. AB - Lysosomes were purified approximately 40-fold from rat kidney cortex by differential and Percoll density gradient centrifugation. In a sucrose medium, the lysosomes quenched the fluorescence of the potential sensitive dye diS-C3-(5) (3,3'-dipropylthiocarbo-cyanine iodide) in a time-dependent manner, indicating that the dye accumulates within the lysosomal interior. After treatment of the lysosomes with valinomycin, the dye fluorescence displayed a logarithmic dependence upon the external K+ concentration; thus, the fluorescence signal provides a semiquantitative measure of the lysosomal membrane potential (delta psi). In the absence of valinomycin, lysosomal quenching of diS-C3-(5) fluorescence was partially reversed by agents which collapse the lysosomal pH gradient (ammonium sulfate, chloroquine, and K nigericin), suggesting that the proton gradient across the lysosomal membrane contributes to delta psi. A rapid increase in diS-C3-(5) fluorescence, indicative of an increase in delta psi, was observed upon the addition of Mg-ATP to the lysosomes. The ATP-dependent fluorescence change was inhibited by protonophores, K valinomycin, permeable anions, and N-ethylmaleimide, but was unaffected by ammonium sulfate, K nigericin, or sodium vanadate. Oligomycin had no effect at concentrations below 2 micrograms/ml; at higher concentrations, oligomycin partially inhibited the fluorescence response to Mg-ATP, but it also inhibited the fluorescence response to K valinomycin, suggesting that it had modified the permeability of the lysosomal membrane. Dicylohexylcarbodiimide behaved similarly to oligomycin. Mg ATP also altered the lysosomal distribution of 86Rb+ (in the presence of valinomycin) and S[14C]CN-, consistent with an increase in the potential of the lysosomal interior of 40-50 mV. The results demonstrate that the lysosomal proton pump is electrogenic. PMID- 6224791 TI - DNase I hypersensitive sites of globin genes of uninduced Friend erythroleukemia cells and changes during induction with dimethyl sulfoxide. AB - We compared the DNase I sensitivity of beta-globin genes in dimethyl sulfoxide treated and untreated Friend erythroleukemia cells to determine whether the induced globin synthesis in these cells is associated with any change in the chromatin conformation of the globin genes. The beta-globin genes were preferentially sensitive to DNase I digestion in both uninduced and induced cells as compared to the alpha-fetoprotein gene and bulk DNA. Additionally, we detected specific cleavage sites in the region of the beta-major globin gene when nuclei from uninduced cells were digested with DNase I. Following induction, a 2- to 4 fold increase in DNase I digestion at one of these hypersensitive sites was observed while digestion at the other sites was greatly reduced. We have localized this primary hypersensitive site to the 5' end of the beta-major gene. To determine when during induction these observed changes in chromatin structure occur, nuclei were digested with DNase I after 6 to 120 h of induction with dimethyl sulfoxide. Some change in chromatin conformation was detectable by 12 h of induction and the configuration characteristic of the fully induced state was established by 24 h of induction. Since it has been reported that increases in beta-globin mRNA levels are not detected until 18-20 h of induction, it appears that alterations in the chromatin conformation of the globin genes may precede the changes in other biochemical parameters associated with differentiation and may be an early reflection of commitment to the erythroid pathway. PMID- 6224790 TI - Anion effects on in vitro sarcoplasmic reticulum function. Co-transport of anions with calcium. AB - In isolated sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles, calcium-chelating but non-calcium precipitating dicarboxylates, such as maleate and succinate, stimulated ATP dependent Ca2+ accumulation and its ensuring spontaneous Ca2+ accumulation and its ensuring spontaneous Ca2+ release, and Ca2+-dependent ATPase activity (Chu, A., Tate, C. A., Bick, R. J., Van Winkle, W. B., and Entman, M. L. (1983) J. Biol. Chem. 258, 1656-1664). We further examined the effect of dicarboxylates on enzyme turnover. The anionic buffer maleate enhanced the rate of rapid acyl phosphoenzyme hydrolysis compared to that in the zwitterionic buffer piperazine N,N'-bis(2-ethanesulfonic acid) but had no effect on the phosphoenzyme formation. The presence of a calcium-precipitating anion, oxalate, or a Ca2+ ionophore, A23187, eliminated the differences observed in the phosphoenzyme decay between the two buffers, but accelerated the rate of decay. Furthermore, the catalytic activity of the purified Ca2+-dependent ATPase was not affected by maleate, whether oxalate was present or not. [14C]Succinate was transported into the sarcoplasmic reticulum in a manner which was dependent on Ca2+ transport, and occurred over a similar time course as Ca2+ accumulation/release. The net succinate uptake was equivalent to the amount of succinate-stimulated Ca2+ accumulation. Rapid efflux of both [14C]succinate and 45Ca2+ was induced by A23187, whereas the efflux induced by ethylene glycol bis(beta-aminoethylether) N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid was slower and less compared to A23187. Succinate accumulation exhibited saturation kinetics with positive cooperativity (Km congruent to 20 mM; Hill coefficient = 1.70). When maleate and succinate were both present, they were equipotent, and had an additive stimulatory effect on peak 45Ca2+ accumulation at low concentrations. Maleate was a competitive inhibitor of succinate accumulation (Ki approximately equal to 17 mM; Hill coefficient = 1.75). KCl in the presence or absence of valinomycin did not influence succinate accumulation or release. The data suggest that succinate accumulation is Ca2+-dependent, but occurs at a saturable, divalent, anion specific site. While this carrier or channel requires Ca2+ transport, it may be controlled by additional factors as well. PMID- 6224792 TI - Influence of fructose 2,6-bisphosphate on the aggregation properties of rat liver phosphofructokinase. AB - The influence that fructose 2,6-bisphosphate (Fru-2,6-BP) has on the aggregation properties of rat liver phosphofructokinase has been studied by observing the fluorescence polarization of the enzyme covalently bound to the fluorescent probe pyrenebutyric acid. Fru-2,6-BP dramatically slows the dissociation of the high molecular weight aggregate forms of the enzyme when the enzyme is diluted to 3.2 micrograms/ml (4 X 10(-8) M subunits). Furthermore, Fru-2,6-BP is a strong promoter of reassociation to tetramer and larger forms if the enzyme has been previously allowed to dissociate to the dimer in its absence. Unlike many other positive effectors of liver phosphofructokinase, Fru-2,6-BP is also able to overcome the tendency of MgATP to promote tetramer formation and instead stabilize a very high degree of high molecular weight aggregate formation even in the presence of MgATP. The apparent affinity of liver phosphofructokinase for Fru 2,6-BP was measured by its ability to promote reassociation and compared to that for Fru-1,6-BP. The apparent dissociation constant for Fru-2,6-BP under these conditions is 36 microM, about 40-fold lower than the value of 1.4 mM measured for Fru-1,6-BP. Both ligands demonstrate synergism with the substrate Fru-6-P, which can lower the dissociation constant for Fru-2,6-BP 9-fold to 4 microM and that for Fru-1,6-BP 5-fold to 0.28 mM. These data are interpreted to suggest that influencing the aggregation state of rat liver phosphofructokinase may be one way in which Fru-2,6-BP achieves its effects on the enzyme in vivo. PMID- 6224793 TI - 2'-deoxyribosyl analogues of UDP-N-acetylglucosamine in cells treated with methotrexate or 5-fluorodeoxyuridine. AB - dUDP-GlcNAc, the 2'-deoxyribosyl analogue of UDP-GlcNAc, has been identified in human lymphoid cells treated with the dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor, methotrexate. It was shown previously that elevation of dUTP accompanies the gross expansion in intracellular deoxyuridylate pools that results from the methotrexate-induced block in thymidylate synthetase activity (1). dUDP-GlcNAc presumably is formed from dUTP acting in place of UTP in the normal pathway for formation of UDP-GlcNAc. Neither dUTP nor dUDP-GlcNAc has been detected in untreated cells. Inhibition of thymidylate synthetase by treatment of cells with 5-fluorodeoxyuridine (5-FdUrd) also causes the appearance of dUDP-GlcNAc, and, in addition, 5-FdUDP-GlcNAc, synthesized from 5-FdUTP. The metabolic effects, if any, of these analogues are not known. Synthesis of the analogues may help to limit accumulation of dUTP and 5-FdUTP under circumstances in which the deoxyuridine triphosphatase mechanism is insufficient. PMID- 6224794 TI - Regulation of 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity by human chorionic gonadotropin, androgens, and anti-androgens in cultured testicular cells. AB - delta 5-3 beta-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase is a key enzyme for testicular androgen biosynthesis and a marker for the Leydig cells. The hormonal regulation of this enzyme was studied in cultured rat testicular cells. Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) increased testosterone production in vitro while time course studies indicated a biphasic action of the gonadotropin on 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity. An initial stimulation (51%) of the enzyme was detected between 3 and 12 h of culture when medium testosterone was low. This is followed by an inhibition of 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity on days 2 and 3 of culture when medium testosterone was elevated. Concomitant treatment with a synthetic androgen (R1881) inhibited 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity and testosterone production in hCG-treated cultures while an anti-androgen (cyproterone acetate) increased 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity and testosterone biosynthesis. Addition of 10(-5) M spironolactone, an inhibitor of 17 alpha-hydroxylase, blocked the hCG stimulation of testosterone production but increased medium progesterone. In the absence of the secreted androgen, hCG stimulated 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity in a time- and dose related manner. Furthermore, hCG stimulation of 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity and progesterone accumulation in spironolactone supplemented cultures was decreased by concomitant treatment with R1881 but was not affected by cyproterone acetate. The inhibitory effect of R1881 was blocked by the anti-androgen. In the absence of hCG, treatment with testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, or R1881, but not promegestone, alone also inhibited 3 beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity while the inhibitory effect of testosterone was blocked by cyproterone acetate. Thus, hCG stimulates 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity in cultured testicular cells. The androgenic steroidogenic end products, in turn, inhibit this enzyme. The hormonal regulation of 3 beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity may be important in the ultrashort loop autoregulation of androgen biosynthesis. PMID- 6224795 TI - Detection by chemical cross-linking of interaction between high mobility group protein 1 and histone oligomers in free solution. AB - Among the more abundant non-histone proteins is the high mobility group (HMG), with an unknown role in chromatin. We have investigated, by chemical cross linking, the interaction of the protein HMG 1 with the histone dimer H2A X H2B and the histone tetramer (H3 X H4)2 in free solution. Cross-linking with dimethyl suberimidate, 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide, and the cleavable cross-linker dimethyl-3,3'-dithiobispropionimidate, by two-dimensional electrophoresis reveals the existence of an interaction between HMG 1 and the histone dimer, and also between HMG 1 and the histone tetramer. In the case of the H2A X H2B dimer, the analysis of the patterns of the cross-linking products shows the presence of a trimer, (H2A X H2B) X HMG 1, and of another oligomer of higher molecular weight which also contains H2A X H2B and HMG 1. Non-histone HMG 1 has been found to interact with (H3 X H4)2, both by cross-linking kinetics and also by gel permeation chromatography, displaying a stoichiometry of one HMG 1/histone tetramer. The results have been interpreted as indicating the existence of an interaction between HMG 1 and both oligomers through two different binding sites. PMID- 6224796 TI - Changes in chromatin structure at the replication fork. DNase I and trypsin micrococcal nuclease effects on approximately 300- and 150-base pair nascent DNAs. AB - DNase I, trypsin, and micrococcal nuclease are used to further probe the structure of nascent deoxyribonucleoprotein (DNP) fractions which appear after in vivo 20-s pulse labeling of sea urchin embryos with [3H]thymidine. We present evidence that the large nascent DNP which protects the approximately 300-base pair large nascent DNA consists of at least one nucleosome core. This is based on fractionation in denaturing polyacrylamide gels of DNA extracted from large nascent DNP fractions of a micrococcal nuclease + DNase I digest of nuclei. The data also suggest the existence of a DNase I-hypersensitive site(s) within the large nascent DNP; this is consistent with the hypothesis that the latter consists of closely packed dinucleosome cores. Histone H1 and non-histone proteins do not account for the previously reported unusual hyperresistance of the large nascent DNA against micrococcal nuclease. The protection offered this approximately 300-base pair nascent DNA was not eliminated by an 0.2-microgram/ml trypsin pretreatment which removes the above proteins from the chromatin. However, 5-10 micrograms/ml of trypsin, which remove a portion of the NH2 termini of the four core histones of nucleosomes, eliminate the hyperresistance of the large nascent DNA to subsequent micrococcal nuclease digestion, while nascent and bulk monomer DNAs remain unaffected. This indicates histone-histone and/or histone-DNA interactions within the large nascent DNP which differ from those of nascent and bulk mononucleosome cores. PMID- 6224797 TI - Strong composites of dimethylacrylates with 4-methacryloxyethyl trimellitic anhydride. AB - Particles of a lithium aluminum silicate, which had been treated with a silane coupling agent, were centrifuged either in an adduct of bisphenol-A/glycidyl methacrylate (Bis-GMA) or in a mixture of Bis--GMA and methyl methacrylate. Polymerization was effected by heating with 2,5-dimethyl-hexane-2,5 dihydroperoxide. Flexural strength passed through an optimum value with increasing loading of the silicate. Inclusion of 4-methacryloxyethyl trimellitic anhydride, 4-META (5 wt % on monomer), increased the optimum flexural strength by about 20% (to 240 MPa). Evidence that 4-META increased the adhesion of filler particles to the polymeric matrix was obtained by examination of fracture surfaces. PMID- 6224798 TI - Evaluation of a sterilizable radiation probe as an aid to the surgical treatment of osteoid-osteoma. Technical note. PMID- 6224799 TI - The effect of four types of support on the segmental mobility of the lumbosacral spine. AB - With the aid of flexion-extension lateral radiographs, we investigated the effect of the canvas corset, the Raney and Baycast jackets, and the Baycast spica on the segmental sagittal mobility of the lumbosacral spine in separate groups of five volunteers each. The canvas corset reduced the mean angular movements at each level to two-thirds of normal. The Raney and Baycast jackets reduced the mean angular movements in the middle of the lumbar spine to approximately one-third of normal. The Baycast spica was the most effective in restricting angular movements below the third lumbar vertebra, and especially at the fourth lumbar-fifth lumbar level and the lumbosacral level. PMID- 6224800 TI - Phorbol ester and mitogens stimulate human fibroblast secretions of plasmin activatable plasminogen activator and protease nexin, an antiactivator/antiplasmin. AB - Tumor-promoting phorbol esters have been reported to greatly increase plasminogen activator (PA) activity produced in numerous cell types. Many of these studies have employed a widely used fibrinolysis assay for PA activity that involves large-scale dilution of cell lysates or conditioned medium (CM) into buffer containing plasminogen and the plasmin substrate 125I-fibrin. This assay indicates that phorbol ester and the mitogens epidermal growth factor (EGF) and thrombin all stimulate secretion of PA activity in our human foreskin fibroblast cultures. However, these effects are not observed in a modified fibrinolysis assay employing undiluted conditioned culture medium unless the medium is first treated at pH 3, which inactivates the secreted protease inhibitor, protease nexin (PN). Moreover, a direct assay for plasminogen activator activity based on cleavage of 125I-plasminogen indicates that conditioned culture medium contains little if any active plasminogen activator either before or after treatment of the cultures with phorbol ester or EGF. Phorbol ester and mitogens do stimulate secretion of (a) an inactive PA that can be activated by plasmin and (b) PN, which inhibits both the activated form of the PA and plasmin. Secretions of the inactive PA and PN are further correlated in that release of both is stimulated most by phorbol ester, somewhat less by EGF, and least by thrombin. Significantly, these effects are not accompanied by increases in total protein secretion. We propose that fibroblasts secrete PA in an inactive form in the presence of PN to confine PA activity to an as yet undefined location or event. PMID- 6224802 TI - Outer doublet heterogeneity reveals structural polarity related to beat direction in Chlamydomonas flagella. AB - Analysis of serial cross-sections of the Chlamydomonas flagellum reveals several structural asymmetries in the axoneme. One doublet lacks the outer dynein arm, has a beak-like projection in its B-tubule, and bears a two-part bridge that extends from the A-tubule of this doublet to the B-tubule of the adjacent doublet. The two doublets directly opposite the doublet lacking the arm have beak like projections in their B-tubules. These asymmetries always occur in the same doublets from section to section, indicating that certain doublets have consistent morphological specializations. These unique doublets give the axoneme an inherent structural polarity. All three specializations are present in the proximal portion of the axoneme; based on their frequency in random cross sections of isolated axonemes, the two-part bridge and the beak-like projections are present in the proximal one quarter and one half of the axoneme, respectively, and the outer arm is absent from the one doublet greater than 90% of the axoneme's length. The outer arm-less doublet of each flagellum faces the other flagellum, indicating that each axoneme has the same rotational orientation relative to the direction of its effective stroke. This strongly suggests that the direction of the effective stroke is controlled by a structural component within the axoneme. The striated fibers are associated with specific triplets in a manner suggesting that they play a role in setting up or maintaining the 180 degrees rotational symmetry of the two flagella. PMID- 6224801 TI - High mobility group proteins of amphibian oocytes: a large storage pool of a soluble high mobility group-1-like protein and involvement in transcriptional events. AB - Oocytes of several amphibian species (Xenopus laevis, Rana temporaria, and Pleurodeles waltlii) contained a relatively large pool of nonchromatin-bound, soluble high mobility group (HMG) protein with properties similar to those of calf thymus proteins HMG-1 and HMG-2 (protein HMG-A; A, amphibian). About half of this soluble HMG-A was located in the nuclear sap, the other half was recovered in enucleated ooplasms. This protein was identified by its mobility on one- and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, by binding of antibodies to calf thymus HMG 1 to polypeptides electrophoretically separated and blotted on nitrocellulose paper, and by tryptic peptide mapping of radioiodinated polypeptides. Most, if not all, of the HMG-A in the soluble nuclear protein fraction, preparatively defined as supernatant obtained after centrifugation at 100,000 g for 1 h, was in free monomeric form, apparently not bound to other proteins. On gel filtration it eluted with a mean peak corresponding to an apparent molecular weight of approximately 25,000; on sucrose gradient centrifugation it appeared with a very low S value (2-3 S), and on isoelectric focusing it appeared in fractions ranging from pH approximately 7 to 9. This soluble HMG-A was retained on DEAE-Sephacel but could be eluted already at moderate salt concentrations (0.2 M KCl). In oocytes of various stages of oogenesis HMG-A was accumulated in the nucleus up to concentrations of approximately 14 ng per nucleus (in Xenopus), corresponding to approximately 0.2 mg/ml, similar to those of the nucleosomal core histones. This nuclear concentration is also demonstrated using immunofluorescence microscopy. When antibodies to bovine HMG-1 were microinjected into nuclei of living oocytes of Pleurodeles the lateral loops of the lampbrush chromosomes gradually retracted and the whole chromosomes condensed. As shown using electron microscopy of spread chromatin from such injected oocyte nuclei, this process of loop retraction was accompanied by the appearance of variously-sized and irregularly-spaced gaps within transcriptional units of chromosomal loops but not of nucleoli, indicating that the transcription of non-nucleolar genes was specifically inhibited by this treatment and hence involved an HMG-1-like protein. These data show that proteins of the HMG-1 and -2 category, which are usually chromatin-bound components, can exist, at least in amphibian oocytes, in a free soluble monomeric form, apparently not bound to other molecules. The possible role of this large oocyte pool of soluble HMG-A in early embryogenesis is discussed as well as the possible existence of soluble HMG proteins in other cells. PMID- 6224804 TI - Control points in Neurospora crassa nuclear division cycle: different effects of the inhibition of protein accumulation. AB - The correlation between protein synthesis and the nuclear division cycle in Neurospora crassa hyphae was studied by inhibiting protein accumulation by two different experimental procedures: (1) starvation for lysine in a lysine requiring mutant (lys-1); and (2) addition of cycloheximide. Lysine starvation in a lys-1 strain of N. crassa quickly blocked the nuclear division cycle and nuclei accumulated in G1 phase, as judged by their DNA content. After re-addition of lysine to starved cultures, a discontinuous pattern of uridine incorporation into DNA can be seen, showing that the nuclei were well synchronized. On the other hand, treatment with cycloheximide caused the arrest of a large proportion of the nuclei, also, in the G2 phase of the cell cycle. These results indicate that inhibition of protein synthesis may have multiple effects on the cell cycle in N. crassa and that, while moderate inhibition specifically blocks nuclei at a regulatory point in late G1, strong or complete inhibition demonstrates requirement for protein synthesis at other points in the cycle that are not necessarily regulatory points. PMID- 6224803 TI - Acidification of endocytic vesicles by an ATP-dependent proton pump. AB - One of the early events in the pathway of receptor-mediated endocytosis is the acidification of the newly formed endocytic vesicle. To examine the mechanism of acidification, we used fluorescein-labeled alpha 2-macroglobulin (F-alpha 2M) as a probe for endocytic vesicle pH. Changes in pH were determined from the change in fluorescein fluorescence at 490-nm excitation as measured with a microscope spectrofluorometer. After endocytosis of F-alpha 2M, mouse fibroblast cells were permeabilized by brief exposure to the detergent digitonin. Treatment with the ionophore monensin or the protonophore carbonyl cyanide p trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone (FCCP) caused a rapid increase in the pH of the endocytic vesicle. Upon removal of the ionophore, the endocytic vesicle rapidly acidified only when MgATP or MgGTP was added. Neither ADP nor the nonhydrolyzable analog, adenosine 5'-(beta, gamma-imido)triphosphate (AMP-PNP) could support acidification. The ATP-dependent acidification did not require a specific cation or anion in the external media. Acidification was insensitive to vanadate and amiloride but was inhibited by Zn2+ and the anion transport inhibitor diisothiocyanostilbene disulfonic acid (DIDS). We also examined the acidification of lysosomes with the permeabilized cell system, using fluorescein isothiocyanate dextran as probe. DIDS inhibited the ATP-dependent reacidification of lysosomes, although at a lower concentration than that for inhibition of endocytic vesicle reacidification. These results demonstrate that endocytic vesicles contain an ATP dependent acidification mechanism that shares similar characteristics with the previously described lysosomal proton pump. PMID- 6224805 TI - Evidence for cell-mediated immunity and specific suppressor T lymphocyte dysfunction in Graves' disease and diabetes mellitus. AB - Migration inhibition of purified peripheral T lymphocytes in response to pancreatic islet cell antigen or thyroid antigen was used to study cell-mediated immune mechanisms in patients with diabetes mellitus (IDDM) and Graves' disease (GD). In response to islet cell antigen, T lymphocytes of subjects with IDDM for less than 3 yr exhibited migration inhibition, whereas those of normal subjects, noninsulin dependent diabetics, and subjects with IDDM for longer than 3 yr did not. Admixture of T lymphocytes from normal subjects with T lymphocytes from patients with IDDM for less than 3 yr substantially ameliorated the migration inhibition of the IDDM subjects to islet cell antigen. Migration of T lymphocytes from GD subjects was markedly inhibited by thyroid antigen and marginally inhibited by islet cell antigen. Admixture of GD T lymphocytes significantly ameliorated the migration inhibition of IDDM T lymphocytes to islet cell antigen, despite sensitization to thyroid antigen of the GD T lymphocytes. We conclude: 1) sensitization to islet cell antigen in IDDM of recent onset is confirmed; 2) the ability of normal and GD T lymphocytes to ameliorate the migration inhibition of IDDM T lymphocytes strongly suggests correction of deficient suppressor T lymphocyte function; 3) the ability of GD T lymphocytes to ameliorate migration inhibition of IDDM T lymphocytes to islet cell antigen is evidence for an antigen specific rather than a generalized suppressor T lymphocyte defect in GD; and 4) similarly, the normalization of migration index of GD T lymphocytes in response to thyroid antigen by those IDDM T lymphocytes not sensitized to thyroid antigen is again evidence for an antigen-specific and not a generalized suppressor T lymphocyte defect in IDDM. PMID- 6224807 TI - Recurrent bilateral optic neuropathy in mixed connective tissue disease. AB - Multiple attacks of optic neuropathy occurred in a young woman suffering from mixed connective tissue disease despite maintenance therapy with corticosteroids and cytotoxic agents. PMID- 6224806 TI - Inhibition of lymphocyte response by prostaglandin-producing suppressor cells in patients with melanoma. AB - Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from 11 patients with metastatic melanoma (group II) had a significant decrease in blastogenesis to concanavalin A (Con A) (38.7 +/- 7.7 cpm X 10(3); mean +/- SE) compared to 21 patients who were disease free (70.6 +/- 6.7) or 16 healthy controls (83.6 +/- 10.3). If PBMC from patients were preincubated for 72 hr prior to exposure to mitogen, blastogenesis was restored to normal. In group II patients a similar improvement in reactivity of fresh PBMC occurred with indomethacin addition or following rigorous depletion of adherent monocytes. Supernatants from cells cultured with and without Con A in several group II patients contained very high levels of endogenous PGE2. Patients had a greater percentage of T lymphocytes bearing Fc receptors for ox erythrocytes (T gamma) than controls, which appeared to correlate with the increased sensitivity to suppression by exogenously added PGE2. These data suggest that the decreased blastogenesis in certain melanoma patients is due to an increase in PGE2 production by monocytes, along with an increase in lymphocyte sensitivity to its effects. PMID- 6224808 TI - B-scan ultrasonic evaluation of a dilated superior ophthalmic vein in orbital and retro-orbital arteriovenous anomalies. AB - All patients between 1977 and 1982 who presented with unilateral exophthalmos were evaluated with contact B-scan ultrasonography. Of these, eight patients were diagnosed as having retro-orbital or orbital arteriovenous anomalies (two carotidcavernous sinus fistulas, four dural arteriovenous malformations, and two orbital arteriovenous malformations). On B-scan ultrasound, all of these patients demonstrated a dilated superior ophthalmic vein. None of the other patients with unilateral proptosis demonstrated this finding. With recent advances in treatment of these conditions, early diagnosis becomes increasingly important. Contact B scan ultrasonography (which is widely available, convenient, and expedient) can be used for early diagnosis of arteriovenous anomalies in the orbit and cavernous sinus areas. Other ultrasonic techniques such as A-scan, standardized A-scan, or immersion B-scan, are equally reliable in the recognition of a dilated superior orbital vein. In the authors' opinion, however, these are less convenient, more time consuming, and require more expertise for similar results. PMID- 6224809 TI - Isolated sixth nerve palsy as initial manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus. A case report. AB - A 35-year-old woman with an isolated, transient sixth cranial nerve palsy was found to have a positive fluorescent antinuclear antibody test with a pattern and titer most consistent with systemic lupus erythematosus. Mild anemia and leukopenia were also present. Over 2 months she improved without treatment. Nervous system disease in systemic lupus erythematosus and the unusual nature of presentation in this case are discussed. PMID- 6224810 TI - Herpes zoster ophthalmicus with contralateral hemiparesis. A case report and review of the literature. AB - An 80-year-old man developed right herpes zoster ophthalmicus complicated by contralateral hemiparesis after right cataract extraction. Although herpes zoster ophthalmicus is a frequent occurrence among the elderly, the association with contralateral hemiparesis is probably overlooked by many ophthalmologists. A review of the literature has been made to outline the etiology of this problem and to make diagnosis more likely. The varicella virus probably spreads in a retrograde fashion from the gasserian ganglion toward the cavernous sinus to involve cranial nerves 3, 4, or 6. Involvement of the ipsilateral carotid arterial system by the progressive inflammatory reaction can result in the contralateral hemiparesis. Standard therapy includes topical steroids and topical antibiotics for the ocular and surface lesions. The efficacy of systemic steroids to minimize the hemiparesis is still in question. PMID- 6224811 TI - Periodic alternating nystagmus associated with periodic alternating skew deviation. AB - A 34-year-old man had both periodic alternating nystagmus and periodic alternating skew deviation. Neurologic examination and cranial computed tomography supported the diagnosis of cerebellar degeneration. Pathophysiologic mechanisms of these motility disturbances are discussed briefly. To our knowledge these two unusual eye movement abnormalities have not been reported previously in the same patient. PMID- 6224812 TI - Multiple meningiomas involving the orbit and the cranial cavity. A case report. PMID- 6224813 TI - Convergence spasm--treatment by amytal interview. A case report. AB - Convergence spasm is manifest by intermittent occurrence of ocular convergence, accommodative spasm, and miosis. It is usually due to hysteria but can have an organic basis. Treatment has included various ophthalmologic interventions. An amytal interview was used successfully to establish a nonorganic basis for the gaze palsy and, more importantly, concomitant narcosuggestion proved to be effective treatment. PMID- 6224814 TI - Superior oblique myokymia. A misnomer. AB - Clinical examination of a 26-year-old, white man with episodic vertical diplopia and oscillopsia led to the diagnosis of "superior oblique myokymia." The dissimilarity between the observed superior oblique movements and myokymia as defined in other nervous system disorders is striking. Therefore, we suggest that superior oblique microtremor may be a better term to describe these superior oblique movements. PMID- 6224815 TI - Sustained blepharoclonus upon eye closure. AB - A unique case of sustained, rhythmical contractions of both orbicularis oculi induced by voluntary eye closure is described. It was observed in a 25-year-old man who had suffered a severe head trauma. The lid phenomenon was synchronous with macro square-wave jerks. Sustained blepharoclonus upon eye closure is likely to be related to dysfunction in the cerebellar system. PMID- 6224816 TI - Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy of the young. AB - Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy is a well-recognized syndrome usually occurring in an older adult population. It is unusual for these patients to experience a second attack in an eye already affected. We describe three young patients with anterior ischemic optic neuropathy who have experienced repeat attacks in one or both eyes, leaving the patients severely disabled, without evidence of other ocular or systemic disease. We believe they may represent a new, but rare, syndrome. PMID- 6224817 TI - Illusion of tilting of the visual environment. Report of five cases. AB - The symptom of sudden tilting of the visual surroundings is described in detail based on experience with five patients. Patients perceive the visual fields as suddenly turning through a variable arc, most frequently 90-180 degrees, usually associated with dizziness. In three patients with vertebral-basilar artery disease, visual tilting was more closely related to local pontomedullary ischemia than to posterior cortical ischemia. It is suggested that most instances of this illusion are due to disorders of the vestibular-otolithic apparatus or its central connections, most frequently from vertebral-basilar ischemia. PMID- 6224818 TI - Achromatopsia and congenital nystagmus. PMID- 6224819 TI - Optic nerve sheath meningioma. Neuroradiologic findings. AB - Surgical exploration and biopsy confirmed the clinical diagnosis of bilateral optic nerve sheath meningiomas in a 27-year-old male patient with radiologic findings of calcifications of the intraorbital portions of the optic nerves. Plain orbital x-rays revealed ring calcifications and a CT scan disclosed the true extent of these calcifications, which were found to extend bilaterally along the nerves from the globes to the optic foramina. Coronal CT scan images revealed that the ring of calcification extended almost unbroken for the entire intraorbital length of the optic nerves. These optic nerve sheath calcifications represented calcified meningiomas. PMID- 6224820 TI - Muslin wrapping of aneurysms and delayed visual failure. A report of three cases. AB - This article reports three cases of visual failure of presumably ischemic etiology, after aneurysm surgery; the first case occurring 7 months after clipping and gauze wrapping of a 4-mm anterior communicating artery aneurysm; the second case occurring 8 months after gauze wrapping of a partially intracavernous 10-mm internal carotid artery aneurysm which projected into the right optic foramen; and the third case occurring 11 months after ligation, clipping, and gauze wrapping of an 8-mm internal carotid-posterior communicating artery aneurysm. PMID- 6224821 TI - Beesting papillitis. AB - A 72-year-old, white male presented with sudden, painless loss of vision bilaterally associated with optic disc swelling. His visual loss occurred within 24 hours of receiving multiple beestings. Clinical examination revealed papillitis. Optic neuritis associated with beestings is a rare complication which is not understood fully. PMID- 6224822 TI - Correlation of lysosomal enzyme abnormalities in various forms of adult leukaemia. AB - Lysosomal enzyme activities were studied in cells derived from the following types of leukaemia: chronic myeloid, acute myeloid, acute myelomonocytic, acute monocytic, non-T, non-B cell acute lymphoblastic, T-cell acute lymphoblastic, B cell chronic lymphocytic and T-cell chronic lymphocytic. Activities of beta hexosaminidase and alpha-mannosidase were significantly higher in cells from acute monocytic and acute myelomonocytic leukaemias, and somewhat higher in the other myeloid leukaemias, when compared with control granulocytes. Activities of beta-hexosaminidase, alpha-mannosidase, alpha-fucosidase, beta-glucuronidase and acid phosphatase were markedly lower in B cells of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia when compared with control or other leukaemic lymphoid cells. On isoelectric focusing abnormal patterns of beta-hexosaminidase, alpha-mannosidase and beta glucuronidase activities were commonly found in myeloid and non-T, non-B cell leukaemias. All patients with acute myeloid leukaemia exhibited a relative decrease in the B form of beta-hexosaminidase activity. The results described show that studies on lysosomal enzymes may assist in the classification of different types of leukaemia. PMID- 6224823 TI - Dermatologic therapy: December, 1981, through November, 1982. AB - In this paper I have reviewed the literature on dermatologic therapy from December, 1981, through November, 1982. This information was presented to a forum at the 41st Annual Meeting of the American Academy of Dermatology in New Orleans in December, 1982. Readers should review the original article in toto before attempting any new, experimental, or controversial therapy summarized. PMID- 6224824 TI - Keratosis palmoplantaris nummularis ("hereditary painful callosities"). Clinical and histopathologic aspects. AB - Three families are described. A number of the members of these families showed nummular keratoses on the plantar pressure points. The lesions usually appeared when the children began to walk. They progressed slowly and were often accompanied by pain. The hands showed only minor lesions, which frequently followed manual labor. Extrapalmoplantar lesions were rare. The histopathologic findings in our patients were those of focal epidermolytic hyperkeratosis. The classification of this type of dominant hereditary focal palmoplantar keratosis, for which the name keratosis palmoplantaris nummularis is suggested, is discussed. PMID- 6224825 TI - Implantation technics for injectable collagen. Two and one-half years of personal clinical experience. AB - The successful use of injectable collagen, a xenogeneic material indicated as a tissue replacement for correcting certain soft tissue anomalies, depends primarily on appropriate lesion selection and proper technic. Treatment with injectable collagen yields best results in soft, distensible lesions with relatively smooth margins. Lesions most amenable to correction include acne scars, steroid- or disease-induced areas of atrophy, glabellar furrows, nasolabial lines, postrhinoplasty irregularities, and depressed skin grafts. Optimal correction with the fewest number of injections is chiefly dependent upon deliberate overcorrection and superficial intradermal placement of the material. Outlined here are my experiences with over 1,000 patients treated with injectable collagen for a variety of soft tissue deficiencies. PMID- 6224826 TI - Sacral abnormalities in Marfan syndrome. AB - Five women with Marfan syndrome had abnormalities of the sacrum disclosed by computed tomography. Each had evidence of expansion of the central sacral spinal canal and enlargement of sacral foramina associated with extensive bony erosion. Three patients complained of low back pain, two were asymptomatic. Sacral meningoceles were demonstrated in three cases (including two of the three with symptoms). A fourth patient had a thoracic meningocele. The sacral abnormalities are attributed to defective collagen resulting in expansion of weakened dura which leads to pressure erosion of contiguous osseous structures. PMID- 6224827 TI - Computed tomography of cystic nerve root sleeve dilatation. AB - A case of cystic nerve root sleeve dilatation in the lumbar area associated with a chronic back pain syndrome is presented. Prominent computed tomography (CT) findings include: (a) rounded masses in the region of the foramina isodense with cerebrospinal fluid in the subarachnoid space; (b) associated asymmetry of epidural fat distribution; (c) enlargement of the neural foramina in axial sections with scalloped erosion of the adjacent posteriolateral vertebral body, pedicle, and pedicular-laminar junction with preservation of cortex and without bony sclerosis or infiltrative appearance; (d) prominent or ectatic dural sac with lack of usual epidural landmarks between the sac and vertebral body; and (e) multilevel abnormalities throughout the entire lumbar region. Myelographic and CT correlations are demonstrated with a review of the literature. A discussion of the various cystic abnormalities involving nerve root sheaths is undertaken in an attempt to clarify the confusing nomenclature applied to nerve root sleeve pathology. PMID- 6224828 TI - The use of hepatitis B vaccine in U.S. dental schools. AB - A questionnaire was sent to the deans of 59 dental schools in the United States. They were asked to indicate their plans for the use of the new hepatitis B vaccine, whether hepatitis B antigen-positive patients were treated in the dental school clinics, and if so, what special precautions were used. The requirements for serological testing of patients were also addressed. Fifty questionnaires were returned. Eight schools (16 percent of the respondents) had not formulated plans for use of the vaccine. Thirty-one schools (62 percent) planned to use it for all students, faculty, dental assistants, and hygienists. In 74 percent of the schools planning to use the vaccine, the cost would be borne by the recipients; in 16 percent, costs would be paid by the institution. Several stated that the cost would be shared by both. Twenty percent of the respondents had not yet formulated plans for payment. The responses indicated that a great deal of indecision still exists among dental administrators as to the use of the hepatitis B vaccine and who will assume the cost. PMID- 6224829 TI - The relationship of seborrheic keratosis and basal-cell carcinoma? AB - Adjoining basal-cell carcinoma (BCC) and seborrheic keratosis (SK) are rarely reported despite the frequency of the two tumors. Unusual ulcerative changes in an SK are indications for biopsy. PMID- 6224830 TI - Evaluation of a tactile vocoder for work recognition. AB - Normal subjects learned to identify words through a tactile vocoder. The vocoder employed 16 filter channels, each with a bandwidth of 1/3 octave, with center frequencies ranging from 200-8000 Hz. The output of each filter was detected and after logarithmic amplification the resulting outputs were transmitted to a 16 channel solenoid array placed on the subject's ventromedial forearm. Words, spoken "live voice," were used as stimuli; the subject was able to feel both the vocalization of the reader and herself and, most importantly, extensive training was provided. In 40.5 h one subject learned 70 words and a second subject reached criterion on 150 words in the comparatively short time of 55 h. Words that were poorly identified initially were identified more readily with increased experience. Phonetic identification tests showed that the features of voicing, nasality, and frication were reliably recognized, indicating the tactile vocoder will be useful in providing information to complement lipreading. Finally, subjects learned rapidly to generalize word-learning to unfamiliar readers. PMID- 6224831 TI - Normalization of the dexamethasone suppression test at discharge from hospital. Its prognostic value. AB - Fourteen patients with RDC diagnosis of primary, endogenous, major depressive disorder were studied in an inpatient setting. All were non-suppressors on the Dexamethasone Suppression Test on admission to hospital and were retested at discharge. Over 70% of patients continued to be non-suppressors at discharge, when in clinical remission. Four out of 14 patients converted to normal suppression. All 10 of the non-normalizers did poorly on follow-up: 3 patients committed suicide. All normalizers did well. Non-normalization of the DST at discharge from hospitalization may be more common than previously suspected and predicts poor clinical outcome. PMID- 6224832 TI - Somatic symptoms. A major feature of depression in a family practice. AB - The complaints of depressed patients were investigated in a private, single physician family practice clinic. Complaints and visits of depressives were compared to those of age- and sex-matched non-depressed controls over a period of 3 years beginning 18 months prior to the diagnosis of depression. Pain, functional and anxiety complaints signalled the onset and paralleled the course of depression. Somatic complaints were a conspicuous mode of presentation in this family practice. These somatic features are not among the usual diagnostic and research criteria for depression (DSM-III, Feighner Criteria and RDC) although they appear to be a major feature in the natural history of depression. PMID- 6224833 TI - Factor VIII-related antigen and procoagulant activity in manic-depressive patients. AB - Factor VIII-related antigen (VIIIR:AG) and procoagulant activity (VIII:C) were measured at weekly intervals in 11 manic-depressive patients during their hospital stay. There were significant correlations between VIII:C (P less than 0.02), VIIIR:AG (P less than 0.05) and the number of hospital admissions over a 10-year period. The patients' VIIIR:AG showed a wider range of results as compared to a control group (P less than 0.01). The age of onset of the disease (but not the age of the patient) was related to VIIIR:AG (P less than 0.02). PMID- 6224834 TI - Effect of lithium carbonate on serotonin uptake in blood platelets of patients with affective disorders. AB - Lithium carbonate treatment for 2-3 weeks produced a significant decrease in the maximum velocity (Vmax) of serotonin (5-HT) uptake, a measure of the number of 5 HT uptake sites in blood platelets from bipolar patients. The decrease was more pronounced in bipolar manic patients than bipolar depressed patients. There was no significant affect on the affinity for 5-HT (Km) of the uptake sites in the platelets of manic or depressed bipolar patients although Km did decrease (indicating increased affinity) in the majority of subjects from both groups of patients. However, lithium treatment of at least 1 year duration was associated with significant increases in Vmax without affecting Km. Lithium in vitro, at concentrations up to 1 mM, had no effect on the Km or Vmax of 5-HT uptake in blood platelets of normal controls. The possible mechanisms of the inhibitory and stimulatory effect of lithium carbonate treatment on platelet 5-HT uptake are discussed. PMID- 6224835 TI - The TRH test and urinary MHPG in unipolar depression. AB - Twenty-five men and 26 women with major unipolar depression were evaluated by the TRH test and urinary MHPG excretion. A significant positive correlation between TSH response to TRH and urinary MHPG was found in the men, though not in the women. These findings suggest that at least for depressed men, central norepinephrine deficiency may be the neurobiological substrate of blunted TSH responses to TRH. PMID- 6224836 TI - Information processing for decision making in depressed women. A study of subjective expected utilities. PMID- 6224837 TI - Psychotic depressive disorder. A separate entity? AB - Two groups of patients suffering from primary unipolar major depressive disorder, one with (n = 145) and one without (n = 119) psychotic disorders were compared, in order to elucidate whether psychotic depressive disorder represents a distinct subtype or a severe variation of the illness. Except for more frequent appearance of psychomotor disturbances among the psychotic depressives, no demographic, family history and course variables were found to distinguish between those with or without psychotic features. The findings from our study are compatible with the view that psychotic depressive disorder is a severe variant of major depressive illness. PMID- 6224838 TI - Validation of a Hamilton subscale for endogenomorphic depression. AB - The current study examined the validity of a subscale for endogenomorphic depression derived from the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression. In a sample of 147 women outpatients with primary depression, subscale (HES) scores were bimodally distributed around the mean score of 7.38. High-HES patients had significantly elevated scores on measures of depressive symptomatology, generalized symptomatic distress, and social impairment relative to low-HES patients. Classifications based on HES scores significantly predicted RDC and DSM III subtype diagnoses of endogenous and nonendogenous depression. Diagnostic predictions based on the subscale's items were superior to predictions made using the 'non-endogenomorphic' Hamilton items. Potential applications for research are discussed. PMID- 6224839 TI - Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty in patients with prior coronary bypass surgery. AB - To improve symptomatic status and avoid reoperation, 122 initial and 7 repeat percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty procedures were performed in 116 patients with disabling angina pectoris at a mean of 26.8 months (range 2 to 132) after coronary bypass surgery. Marked angiographic improvement (greater than 30% reduction in diameter stenosis) was obtained in 107 (88%) of the 122 initial procedures and in all 7 repetitions. Mean stenosis was reduced from 78 +/- 13% (mean +/- standard deviation) to 25 +/- 13% (p less than 0.0001) and mean pressure gradient from 49 +/- 15 to 11 +/- 8 mm Hg (p less than 0.0001). Complications were: emergency surgery (three patients), Q wave infarction (one patient), myocardial infarction by enzyme criteria only (four patients) and non occluding coronary dissection (one patient). There were no neurologic or peripheral vascular complications and no early deaths. One late death occurred 14 months after an unsuccessful but uncomplicated angioplasty procedure. At a mean follow-up of 8.3 months, 88 patients (76%) were free of angina or in improved condition. In patients followed up for at least 6 months, evidence of restenosis occurred in 9 (53%) of 17 saphenous veins, 1 (50%) of 2 proximal graft anastomoses, 4 (18%) of 22 distal graft anastomoses and 5 (14%) of 37 native coronary arteries. When coronary anatomy is suitable, percutaneous transluminal angioplasty is an attractive alternative to reoperation in symptomatic patients with prior coronary bypass surgery. PMID- 6224840 TI - Immune complex-mediated disease not a factor in patients on maintenance venom immunotherapy. AB - Although a serum sickness-like presentation has been reported as a sequela of Hymenoptera stings, the possible role of an immune complex-mediated pathologic condition in patients receiving regular venom immunotherapy has never been addressed. To evaluate this problem, 30 adult and 15 pediatric patients receiving regular monthly doses of venom (100 micrograms of antigen) were studied. All had been receiving immunotherapy for 12 to 29 mo. At the time of venom administration, a questionnaire related to symptoms of immune complex disease was completed. A urinalysis was performed 12 hr later. In addition, blood was drawn to evaluate the presence of immune complexes by Clq and Raji cell assays. Symptom surveys revealed no clinical manifestations suggestive of immune complex pathology. All urinalyses were negative for gross and microscopic hematuria. None of the specimens was elevated on the Clq assay. Only four of the 45 patients had significantly positive Raji cell assays. Prospective reevaluation showed the presence of immune complex before venom administration, with no change in acute phase reactants or Raji cell titers 12 hr later. Monthly administration of Hymenoptera venom appears to be unassociated with immune complex-mediated disease, by either clinical or immunologic parameters. PMID- 6224841 TI - Mutagenicity study on mice given mercuric chloride. AB - The mutagenic activity of different concentrations of mercuric chloride (0, 2, 4 and 6 mg HgCl2 per kg body wt) has been analysed in Swiss Albino mice at several periods (12, 24, 36 and 48 h) after intraperitoneal injection. No increased frequency of chromosomal aberrations was observed in bone marrow cells or in spermatogonia. PMID- 6224842 TI - Combined two-generation reproduction-teratogenesis study of zearalenone in the rat. AB - The toxicity of zearalenone was studied in two generations of Wistar rats over approximately 10 months. Zearalenone was administered in the diet; the dose levels used were 0, 0.1, 1.0 and 10.0 mg per kg body weight per day in all generations. Animals in the F0 generation were bred twice to produce F1A and F1B generations. The F1A generation was bred to produce the F2A generation. The only lesion found at necropsy that could be attributed to zearalenone administration was increased medullary trabeculation of the femur in animals given the high dose. A dose-related increase in absolute and relative thyroid, pituitary and adrenal gland weights occurred in male and female rats of both the F1 and F1A generation. The alteration in the weights of these endocrine organs is probably a result of the estrogenic activity of zearalenone. Feeding of zearalenone caused decreases in fertility, number of viable offspring per litter and numbers of corpora lutea, implantations and resorptions per dam. Statistically significant differences were noted in the incidences of a number of skeletal and soft tissue abnormalities in both the F1B and F2A1 fetuses, especially at doses of 1.0 and 10.0 mg kg-1. These lesions most likely indicate a delay in fetal development. Unequivocal teratogenic effects could not be defined. PMID- 6224843 TI - Comparative effects of structurally related cyclodiene pesticides on ATPases. AB - Comparative effects of aldrin, dieldrin, endrin, isodrin and telodrin, on different ATPase activities in beef heart mitochondrial and rat brain synaptosomal fractions were determined in vitro. Beef heart mitochondrial fractions were prepared by the conventional centrifugation method and the rat brain synaptosomes were prepared by Ficoll-sucrose gradient centrifugation method. Na+-K+-ATPase, oligomycin-sensitive and -insensitive Mg2+-ATPases, and K+ paranitrophenylphosphatase were determined in rat brain synaptosomes. In beef heart mitochondria, only the Mg2+-ATPase activities were determined. Concentration response curves were determined by assaying the enzyme activities in the absence and presence of 10-120 microM concentrations of each test chemical. Beef heart mitochondrial (oligomycin-sensitive) Mg2+-ATPase activity was inhibited by all five chemicals at all the concentrations tested. Aldrin and telodrin were the most potent inhibitors with an IC50 of 40 and 80 microM, respectively. About 30% was observed with dieldrin, endrin and isodrin, and the inhibition was not concentration-dependent. Oligomycin-insensitive Mg2+-ATPase was not significantly inhibited by any chemical except aldrin. Rat brain synaptosomal ATPases were also sensitive to these compounds. Aldrin and telodrin were more effective than other compounds. A 50% inhibition of oligomycin sensitive Mg2+-ATPase activity was obtained at 80 microM of aldrin and telodrin. Na+-K+-ATPase and oligomycin-insensitive Mg2+-ATPase activities showed a maximum inhibition of 40% at the highest concentration tested for aldrin and telodrin. K+ paranitrophenylphosphatase was not inhibited significantly by any compound tested. These results suggest that ATPase system in rat heart and CNS may be selectively inhibited by aldrin and telodrin, but not by their structural analogs. PMID- 6224844 TI - An avidin-biotin-peroxidase method for Fc receptors on macrophages isolated from and in sections of rat lung. AB - Receptors for the Fc region of immunoglobulin G (Fc receptors) were detected on pulmonary macrophages by adapting an avidin-biotin-peroxidase technique to isolated cells and sections of rat lung. After incubation with soluble rabbit immunoglobulin G (IgG), surface bound IgG was identified consistently and reproducibly on glass-adherent pulmonary macrophages and on macrophages in tissue sections made from incubated lung slices. Control experiments indicated that binding was specifically mediated by surface Fc receptors. This method may be useful for identifying macrophages in intact tissues. PMID- 6224845 TI - Transferability of antibiotic resistance determinants in strains of Staphylococcus aureus belonging to different phage groups. AB - A total of 107 donor strains of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from clinical material, with a high incidence of multiresistant strains belonging predominantly to phage group III, were tested for transmission of determinants of resistance to 6 antibiotics using mixed cultures of donor strains and the recipient Staphylococcus aureus strain 5849-fur-r, rif-r. The capability of strains to transfer resistance markers to the recipient was found to depend neither on phage group nor phage type to which the donor strain belonged, but strains possessing multiple resistance to antibiotics effectuated transfers at comparatively higher frequencies. PMID- 6224846 TI - Nickel: a review of its occupational and environmental toxicology. AB - Nickel and nickel compounds belong to the classic noxious agents encountered in industry, but is also known to affect non-occupationally exposed individuals, especially those handling stainless-steel and nickel plated articles of everyday use. For plants and some vertebrates, specifically for mammals, nickel is indispensable as one of the essential trace elements. The most important health problems due to exposure to nickel and nickel compounds are allergic dermatitis (nickel itch) and increased incidence of cancers of the lungs and nasal mucosa encountered among the workers after a long-term over-exposure to nickel. In this respect the most hazardous nickel compounds appear to be nickel sulfide and nickel oxide. The monitoring of nickel exposure levels can be based on blood serum and urine analyses, but also on nickel determinations in hair which have proved promising even in groups of non-occupationally exposed individuals. Nickel carbonyl is the most toxic of all of the nickel compounds encountered, but because of its relatively short half-life it does not seem to represent any actual biohazard from the standpoint of environmental pollution. To prevent incidence of malignancies it is recommended to include in the routine plan of the preventive medical examinations also the cytologic analysis supplemented, in the case of cytologic positivity, with the bioptic examination for epithelial dysplasia. A systematic medical surveillance of workers with known long-term exposure to nickel is, of course, essential. At present, a major attention is centered on biochemical interactions of nickel with copper, cadmium, iron, iodine and particularly with manganese known to significantly reduce the experimental carcinogenicity of nickel and nickel compounds. PMID- 6224847 TI - Modulation of the biologic activities of IgE-binding factors. III. Switching of a T cell hybrid clone from the formation of IgE-suppressive factor to the formation of IgE-potentiating factor. AB - Incubation of rat-mouse T cell hybridoma cells, 23B6, with rat immunoglobulin E (IgE) results in the formation of the 15,000-dalton IgE-suppressive factor and the 30,000-dalton IgE-binding factor, which has neither potentiating activity nor suppressive activity on the IgE response. Another T cell hybridoma, 23A4 cells, produces the 30,000-dalton "inactive" IgE-binding factor upon incubation with IgE. Both the 15,000-dalton IgE-suppressive factor and the 30,000-dalton IgE binding factor lacked affinity for lentil lectin but bound to peanut agglutinin. When the 23B6 cells were incubated with IgE in the presence of lysolecithin, the majority of the 15,000-dalton IgE-binding factor formed by the cells gained affinity for lentil lectin, and this factor selectively potentiated the IgE response. The glycosylation-enhancing factor, which was formed by stimulation of normal spleen cells with lymphocytosis-promoting factor (LPF or pertussigen), also switched 23B6 cells from the formation of IgE-suppressive factor to the formation of IgE-potentiating factor. It was also found that the 30,000-dalton "inactive" IgE-binding factor, formed by both 23B6 and 23A4 cells, gained the ability to potentiate the IgE response, when the cells were cultured with IgE in the presence of glycosylation-enhancing factor. The results indicate that IgE potentiating factor and IgE-suppressive factor share common precursors, and that biologic activities of IgE-binding factors are decided by their carbohydrate moieties. Incubation of the two hybridoma cells with lysolecithin or glycosylation-enhancing factor results in an increase in the proportion of FC epsilon R+ cells, suggesting that the assembly of N-linked oligosaccharide to precursor molecules is intrinsic for the expression of FC epsilon R. PMID- 6224848 TI - A partial characterization of suppressor cells in the spleens of mice conditioned with fractionated total lymphoid irradiation (TLI). AB - Total lymphoid irradiation (TLI) is a highly effective modality for inducing immunosuppression and transplantation tolerance. The cellular basis for this immunosuppression is not clear, although T cells have been implicated. To study further the effect of TLI on the immune system, we have examined the B cells and suppressor cells in the spleens from TLI-conditioned mice. Our results indicate that after TLI, the spleen is rapidly repopulated with many large, immature cells. The probable source of these cells is the shielded bone marrow (BM). The B cells from TLI-conditioned mice are transiently immature and hyporesponsive in vitro to a T-independent antigen. Spleen cells from TLI-conditioned mice nonspecifically suppress the in vitro T-independent anti-TNP response of normal B cells. The suppressor cells lack both B and T cell markers and adhere to Sephadex G-10. The suppressor cells in spleens from TLI-treated mice bear a number of similarities to those present in normal BM. When normal BM cells were analyzed by indirect immunofluorescence for the presence of the Mac-1 antigen, two populations of suppressor cells could be identified: one was Mac-1+ and the other was Mac-1-. These data are consistent with the possibility that a subpopulation of the suppressor cells found in normal BM and in the spleens from TLI conditioned mice are immature cells of the monocytic/granulocytic lineage. PMID- 6224849 TI - Epinephrine-induced changes in the distribution of lymphocyte subsets in peripheral blood of humans. AB - We have previously demonstrated that mitogen responsiveness of mononuclear cells (MNC) from peripheral blood is reduced after a single injection of epinephrine to human subjects. The purpose of the present study was to characterize the relative distributions of MNC subsets after epinephrine administration using monoclonal antibodies and conventional cell markers. The absolute number of circulating MNC increased 64% within 30 min after injection of epinephrine, and returned to baseline by 2 hr. Analysis of MNC subsets revealed that there were no changes in the relative percentages of total T lymphocytes [T3+ cells, or neuraminidase treated sheep red blood cell rosettes (EN-rosettes)], B lymphocytes (B1+, or cells with surface-bound immunoglobulin), or monocytes (by morphologic criteria) after epinephrine administration. The percentage of inducer T cells (T4+) declined at 30 and 60 min postinjection. Overall, the percentage of suppressor/cytotoxic T cells (T8+) did not change after injection of epinephrine; however, analysis of individual subjects revealed opposing responses of this subset. The T4:T8 ratio was 2.19 before injection, declined to 1.56 at 60 min, then increased to 3.10 2 hr postinjection. The percentage of natural killer/killer cells (HNK-1+) increased from a baseline of 15.5% before epinephrine injection to 29.6% at 30 min postinjection, then declined to 11.4% at 2 hr. Therefore, the administration of physiologic doses of epinephrine results in changes in the relative proportions of lymphocyte subsets in peripheral blood, in addition to reduced mitogen responsiveness as reported previously. PMID- 6224850 TI - Differentiation of human T lymphocytes. I. Acquisition of a novel human cell surface protein (p80) during normal intrathymic T cell maturation. AB - The thymus is thought to be the primary central lymphoid organ in which T cells mature. Although thymic cortical and medullary compartments are distinct histologically, few antigens have been described that are absolutely acquired during the presumed intrathymic maturation pathway from cortical to medullary thymocytes. In this paper, we describe the acquisition during human intrathymic T cell maturation of a novel protein (p80) defined by a monoclonal antibody (A1G3). Although the p80-A1G3 antigen is distributed throughout the body and is not T cell specific, our study demonstrates that expression of p80-A1G3 antigen in normal human thymus is associated with thymocyte functional maturity and location in the thymus medulla. Moreover, in contrast to other markers of mature human T cells, the p80-A1G3 cell surface protein is not expressed on T6+ cortical thymocytes, and, therefore, is absolutely acquired by medullary thymocytes during T cell maturation. Thus, the p80-A1G3 antigen and the A1G3 antibody provide a heretofore unavailable system for the study of molecular events that transpire during the maturation of thymocytes. PMID- 6224851 TI - Inhibiton of IL 2 production after human allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. AB - Bone marrow transplantation (BMT) is currently used to treat patients with severe aplastic anemia or leukemia. Despite the use of an HLA identical sibling donor, however, the survival after BMT is reduced by the occurrence of two major immunologic complications: graft-vs-host disease and a long-lasting immune deficiency responsible for late infections. This immune deficiency could be explained by an imbalance of lymphocyte subpopulations reconstituted after transplant. The aim of the present work was to study the helper function by measuring the production of interleukin 2 (IL 2). This lymphokine is responsible for the amplification of the effector phase of immunity. A consecutive series of 34 patients was tested for IL 2 production after BMT. This production was absent or low in 32 of 34 patients for at least 2 yr after BMT. The mechanism of this low IL 2 production was investigated. Irradiation of patients' lymphocytes in vitro with low dose gamma-rays partially restored the IL 2 production after 6 mo of evolution. The IL 2 production was not restored or was slightly affected by irradiation early after BMT. These results suggest that the lack of immune reconstitution after BMT may be caused by the lack of IL 2-producing cells and/or the increased activity of suppressor cells of the helper function. This suppression is radiosensitive. PMID- 6224852 TI - Two phenotypically distinct suppressor T cell subpopulations inhibit the induction of B cell differentiation by phytohemagglutinin. AB - Human B lymphocytes can be induced to differentiate into antibody-secreting plasma cells by Leu-3+ T lymphocytes stimulated with pokeweed mitogen (PWM), a polyclonal T cell activator. In contrast, other polyclonal T cell mitogens, such as phytohemagglutinin (PHA), also activate Leu-3+ T cells but are relatively ineffective inducers of B cell differentiation. We have performed a series of experiments to investigate the mechanism underlying this apparent paradox. When human B cells were cultured with unfractionated T cells and PWM or PHA, only PWM was able to induce plasma cell formation and immunoglobulin (Ig) secretion. However, when the T cells were treated with mitomycin C (MMC) before culture, both PWM and PHA were able to induce significant B cell differentiation. These data indicated that both mitogens were able to activate the helper T cells required for B lymphocyte differentiation and suggested that MMC-sensitive suppressor T cells were responsible for inhibiting the induction of antibody secreting cells by MMC-untreated T cells stimulated with PHA. Phenotypic analysis of the T cells capable of suppressing PHA-induced B cell differentiation revealed that small numbers of either Leu-2+ or Leu-3+ T cells could profoundly suppress the B cell differentiation induced by PHA. In contrast, significant suppression of PWM-stimulated B cell differentiation was observed only with relatively large numbers of Leu-2+ T cells. These data confirm previous reports that OKT4+/Leu-3+ T cells can suppress human B cell differentiation and indicate that the difference in B cell differentiation induced by PWM and PHA with MMC-untreated T cells is largely a reflection of the relative potency of these mitogens to activate these phenotypically distinct suppressor T cell subpopulations. PMID- 6224853 TI - Defective B cell function associated with inherited interstitial deletion of the short arm of the X chromosome. AB - The B cell function of a patient with low serum immunoglobulin (Ig) levels and with an interstitial deletion in the short arm of one of her X chromosomes (del(Xp] and the B cell function of her relatives were analyzed by indirect protein A plaque-forming cell (PFC) assay and by measuring immunoglobulin secretion in vitro by ELISA. B cells were activated by pokeweed mitogen (PWM) with or without hydrocortisone (HC) to inhibit HC-sensitive suppressor cells. The patient, her mother, and one sister, all of them having del(Xp), generated very few PFC induced by PWM, even in the presence of HC, whereas normal PFC responses were found in the patient's cytogenetically normal sisters. The B cells of the subjects with del(Xp) secreted very low amounts, if any, of IgA, IgG, and IgM. Co culture experiments with B cells from del(Xp) subjects and normal OKT 4+ cells revealed no or very low Ig production. The function of the del(Xp) subjects' OKT 4+ cells was slightly reduced, whereas the activity of their OKT 8+ cells was normal. The cell subset analysis in the peripheral blood revealed decreased OKT 4+:8+ ratios in all del(Xp) subjects. The results indicate an intrinsic B cell defect with a possible concomitant immunoregulatory defect associated with del(Xp). Moreover, the results support the hypothesis that antibody production is at least partially controlled by genes located in the short arm of the X chromosome. PMID- 6224854 TI - Monocyte receptors for the Fc portion of IgG increase in number in autoimmune hemolytic anemia and other hemolytic states and are decreased by glucocorticoid therapy. AB - Peripheral blood monocyte receptors for the Fc portion of IgG were quantitatively studied in 43 normal subjects, in 14 patients with warm antibody autoimmune hemolysis (AIHA), and in nine individuals with nonantibody-mediated hemolysis. Monocytes of normal females expressed significantly greater numbers of Fc gamma receptors than did similar cells from male subjects, with no difference in affinity for the IgG1 probe. Monocyte Fc gamma receptor number was increased in patients of both sexes with AIHA; a similar, but smaller, increase in monocyte Fc gamma receptor number was noted in patients with nonantibody-mediated hemolysis. Glucocorticoid administration was associated with a dose-dependent decrease in monocyte Fc gamma receptor number in normal volunteers and patients. Possible etiologic mechanisms and pathogenetic consequences of enhanced monocyte Fc gamma binding in AIHA are discussed. PMID- 6224855 TI - Altered expression of lymphocyte Fc alpha receptor in selective IgA deficiency and IgA nephropathy. AB - To study the expression of FcR specific for IgA (Fc alpha R) on human peripheral lymphocytes (PBL), PBL from normal donors were incubated with 300 to 500 micrograms/ml MOPC 315 IgA having anti-trinitrophenyl (TNP) antibody activity at 4 degrees C or 37 degrees C for 60 min. Under this condition, less than 2% of total cells could form rosettes with TNP-coated ox red blood cells (TNP-ORBC). When cultured with MOPC 315 IgA at 37 degrees C for 18 hr, however, there was a dose-dependent increase of the rosette-forming cells (RFC) binding TNP-ORBC. Because 15 to 20% of the total cells bound TNP-ORBC but not unsensitized ORBC, the rosette formation appeared to be due to the cytophilic binding of IgA to the cells. The binding of MOPC 315 IgA was competed by TEPC 15 IgA and human myeloma IgA, but not by murine myeloma proteins of other classes, indicating that the receptor is specific for IgA. Fc alpha R was induced on 15 to 20% of fractionated T and B cells, as well as on 15 to 18% of concanavalin A-(Con A) activated lymphocytes when cultured with IgA. The induction of the receptor was dependent on protein and RNA synthesis, but not on DNA synthesis as suggested by the sensitivity to metabolic inhibitors, such as mitomycin C, actinomycin D, puromycin, and cycloheximide. In five patients with selective IgA deficiency (serum IgA, 0 to 4 mg/dl), only 5.1% +/- 1.7 of PBL formed rosettes with TNP-ORBC after culture with MOPC 315 IgA, whereas 12.5% +/- 2.5 of PBL from normal donors (serum IgA, 90 to 330 mg/dl) formed rosettes. Fc alpha R was induced on more than 15% of the cells from these patients, however, when cultured with IgA in the presence of a conditioned medium obtained from mixed lymphocyte culture from two normal donors. The results suggested that the abnormality in the patients' PBL might be in the induction mechanism rather than in the number of precursor cells that could express Fc alpha R in the presence of IgA. On the other hand, Fc alpha R was induced on 10.4% +/- 1.5 of PBL from the patients with IgA nephropathy (serum IgA, 382 +/- 11 mg/dl) when they were incubated with IgA for 1 hr at 37 degrees C. Because Fc alpha R on normal PBL was not induced by 1 hr of incubation with IgA, it appeared that the receptor was already expressed in vivo on the cells of these patients. PMID- 6224856 TI - Regulatory function of Thy-1- cells. IV. Biologic and Biochemical characterization of B cell clone-derived lymphokine (BEF). AB - Studies were made on the immunoregulatory activity of a lymphokine produced by a B cell clone that does not express immunoglobulin heavy or light chains. The B factor (BEF; B cell-derived enhancing factor), was effective in augmenting the primary and the anamnestic response to SRBC and/or in prolonging the IgG anamnestic response to SRBC and the response to DNP-LE, provided it was added at early stages of culture. The BEF seems to act mainly by preventing the activation of T suppressor cells rather than by counteracting the activity of already activated suppressor cells. Indeed, thymocytes and virgin T cells, but not Con A activated thymocytes, Con A-activated T cells or B cells, express acceptors for the BEF. The biochemical properties of the BEF were also reported. The apparent m.w. of the factor was 450,000 to 500,000 by gel chromatography. The BEF was sensitive to digestion by papain, trypsin, and subtilisin, indicating that it was protein in nature. The regulatory activity was precipitated by 50% (NH4)2SO4 and was destroyed by heating at 70 degrees C for 30 min or by exposure to pH 2.2 for 6 hr. PMID- 6224857 TI - Human B cell differentiation. IV. Effect of monoclonal anti-immunoglobulin M and D antibodies on B cell proliferation and differentiation induced by T cell factors. AB - Monoclonal anti-mu and anti-delta antibodies and mixed lymphocyte reaction derived T cell factors (MLR-TF) were examined alone and in combination for their effects on proliferation and differentiation of human B cells. MLR-TF induced proliferation and subsequent plasma cell differentiation of blood B cells without additional stimulation. The monoclonal anti-mu and anti-delta antibodies alone did not induce proliferation, but each was capable of augmenting B cell proliferation induced by MLR-TF. In contrast, the anti-mu antibody inhibited the MLR-TF induction of IgM plasma cell differentiation but did not affect the differentiation of IgG and IgA plasma cells. The anti-delta antibody had no effect on MLR-TF-induced plasma cell differentiation. Studies using density gradient separation of B cell subpopulations suggest that MLR-TF induce low density B cells to proliferate and differentiate into plasma cells but that by themselves MLR-TF have little effect on B cells of relatively high density. The latter subpopulation of small resting B cells responded with proliferation to MLR TF when combined with either the anti-mu or the anti-delta antibody, but these stimuli were insufficient for induction of terminal plasma cell differentiation. PMID- 6224858 TI - Interleukin 2 deficiency in murine Leishmaniasis donovani and its relationship to depressed spleen cell responses to phytohemagglutinin. AB - This study examined the kinetics and mechanisms of depressed spleen cell responses to phytohemagglutinin (PHA) that occur during Leishmania donovani infection of BALB/c mice. In co-culture experiments, neither spleen cells from infected animals nor parasite-infected macrophages suppressed PHA responses of normal spleen cells. In addition, parasite-mediated suppression of PHA-stimulated spleen cell proliferation could not be demonstrated. Mice with 2 wk of infection did manifest an impairment in spleen cell production of interleukin 2 (IL 2) and by 8 wk IL 2 activity in supernatants from these cells was reduced by approximately 95%. This finding was not explained by an alteration in the kinetics of IL 2 production. Furthermore, diminished IL 2 activity in supernatants of PHA-activated spleen cells from infected animals was not caused by suppressive factors in these fluids as shown by their inability to suppress IL 2 stimulation of IL 2-dependent T cells. When spleen cells from mice with 8 wk of infection were cultured with PHA and supplemented with exogenous IL 2, there was an approximately 48% increase in mitogenesis. These data indicate that abnormal PHA-induced spleen cell activation in BALB/c mice with L. donovani infection is associated with impaired production of IL 2. In addition, the observation that supplementation of spleen cells from infected mice with IL 2 resulted in partial reconstitution of the PHA response is consistent with a defect in IL 2 responsiveness. PMID- 6224859 TI - Prevention of cerebral malaria by adoptive transfer of malaria-specific cultured T cells into mice infected with Plasmodium berghei. AB - Murine T cell populations specific for Plasmodium berghei parasites were generated in vitro from BALB/c immune lymph node cells. The malaria-specific T lymphocytes were shown: a) to proliferate specifically in vitro in response to stimulation with P. berghei-infected red blood cells; b) to exhibit the Thy-1+, Lyt-1+2- cell surface phenotype; c) to provide specific helper activity for an in vitro anti-hapten (TNP) plaque-forming cell antibody response; and d) to protect P. berghei-infected mice from early mortality due to cerebral malaria. PMID- 6224860 TI - Papillon-LeFevre syndrome (PLS). PMID- 6224861 TI - The role of immune complexes in human malaria and some of its complications. PMID- 6224862 TI - Cardiobacterium hominis: an elusive cause of endocarditis. AB - Cardiobacterium hominis is a fastidious bacterium of the normal mouth flora. It has rarely been recognised in the past as a human pathogen and has been difficult to recover from the bloodstream. Mistaken diagnoses and delays in therapy have been common. We report a 29-year-old man with C. hominis endocarditis who was initially treated for a presumed collagen-vascular disorder with anti-flammatory drugs. The organism was eventually recovered in brain-heart infusion medium after prolonged incubation, and cure was accomplished with parenteral penicillin. Special blood culturing methods should be used if endocarditis caused by a fastidious organism is clinically suspected. PMID- 6224863 TI - Langerhans cells in mouse epidermis. PMID- 6224864 TI - Perforated and gangrenous appendicitis: an analysis of antibiotic failures. AB - The relationships between resistant pathogens, serum levels of gentamicin, and the outcomes of gangrenous or perforated appendicitis were analyzed in 147 patients. Failure to cure the infection occurred significantly more frequently among patients treated with cefoperazone or cefamandole than among those treated with clindamycin and gentamicin in combination. The failures were associated with recovery of resistant Bacteroides fragilis from intraoperative cultures. Pseudomonas species were also associated with failures, their in vitro susceptibility not correlating with clinical cure. Patients with gentamicin peak serum levels of less than 6 micrograms/ml in the first three days were not more likely to be associated with failure than were patients with higher levels. These clinical observations indicate that antibiotic therapy of intra-abdominal sepsis should include antibiotics with in vitro activity against B fragilis and that precise adjustments of gentamicin levels may not improve outcome. In addition, Pseudomonas species may play a significant role in some of these infections. PMID- 6224865 TI - IgM antibody responses to hepatitis B surface antigen in recipients of hepatitis B virus vaccine. AB - Both total anti-HBs and specific IgM anti-HBs were assayed in sequential serum specimens from five healthy volunteers receiving a primary immunization with the HBV vaccine. Four of the five subjects developed anti-HBs in the six-week period following primary immunization. Anti-HBs was first detectable between days 4 and 21 after initiation of vaccination. Specific IgM anti-HBs was detectable in all four patients who responded to the initial inoculation. This antibody was often present before anti-HBs was detectable by the conventional RIA. However, the titers of IgM anti-HBs were invariably low, and this antibody response was short lived (less than 21 days). The lack of a vigorous and sustained IgM antibody response to HBsAg has also been noted after infection with HBV [1, 2]. This observation is in marked contrast to the magnitude of IgM response to hepatitis B core antigen, which is detectable in high titers during acute HBV infection and persists for months to years after the disease has resolved [2, 3]. The significance of the weak IgM antibody response to HBsAg during both immunization with HBV vaccine and HBV infection is not known but may be related to the relatively low immunogenicity of HBsAg. This weak IgM antibody response may play a role in the propensity of persons with HBV infection to develop the chronic HBsAg carrier state. PMID- 6224866 TI - [Pulsed Doppler echocardiography in a case of coronary artery-pulmonary artery fistula: analysis of flow pattern within the main pulmonary artery and detection of a small shunt]. AB - Flow pattern within the main pulmonary artery was analysed by pulsed Doppler echocardiography in a case of coronary artery-pulmonary artery fistula. An asymptomatic 32-year-old female was referred to our hospital for evaluation of a continuous murmur in the second interspace at the left sternal border. Other physical findings, chest roentgenograms and electrocardiograms were normal. Two dimensional echocardiography did not play an important role in the diagnosis. However, pulsed Doppler echocardiography revealed an antegrade turbulent flow along the antero-lateral wall of the main pulmonary artery from early diastole to early systole. The direction and distribution of this abnormal flow was judged to be different from that of patent ductus arteriosus. Coronary arteriography showed a fistula from the both coronary arteries to the proximal portion of the main pulmonary artery. However, its shunt was so small that it could not be detected by oxymetry or by hydrogen-platinum electrode method. This case suggests that Doppler method is very sensitive in shunt detection and possibly useful for non invasive diagnosis of coronary artery-pulmonary artery fistula. PMID- 6224868 TI - [Handicapped and special patient care]. PMID- 6224867 TI - [Echocardiographic observations of hypertensive heart disease: a follow-up study]. AB - A comparative echocardiographic study was made in 11 patients with hypertension (at the stage I or II of WHO classification) and ten healthy volunteers to investigate morphologic and functional effects of hypertension on the heart during cumulative 5 years or more. The echocardiographic parameters used in this study were left atrial dimension (LAD), left ventricular diastolic dimension (LVDd), thickness of the interventricular septum (IVS) and the posterior wall of the left ventricle (LVPW), diastolic descent rate of the mitral valve (DDR), left ventricular ejection fraction (EF), mean velocity of circumferential fiber shortening (mVCF), and the ratio of IVS to LVPW (IVS/LVPW). The patients with hypertension showed statistically significant differences from the normal subjects in each parameter, and the following results were obtained: The LAD showed significant increase with time. The increase was present in only 36% of the patients on the initial echograms, but in 91% 5 years later. The LVDs showed no significant chronological changes. The IVS exhibited a tendency to increase early in the course of the disease with subsequently significant changes with time, though its rate of change was low after 5 years of the illness. The LVPW increased in 18% of the patients early in the course of the disease and in 100% after 5 years of the initial study. This rate of change was greater than that of the IVS. The mVCF, DDR and EF also diminished to a significant extent. Values of IVS/LVPW indicated that the left ventricle initially is apt to have asymmetric hypertrophy and then symmetric hypertrophy. These results indicate that in the presence of hypertension the heart initially shows asymmetric hypertrophy with a prominent thickening of the IVS, and then, with the persistence of the disease, the hypertrophy of the LVPW becomes marked, resulting in symmetric hypertrophy of the heart. These morphologic changes in turn are attended by a significant reduction of functional parameters including EF, DDR and mVCF. PMID- 6224869 TI - [The dental care and treatment of periodontal disease in mental deficient adults (3). The effect of controlled oral hygiene and scaling on gingival inflammation and probing depth]. PMID- 6224870 TI - [Enhancement of tumor-specific killer T cell activities by high-dose methotrexate]. AB - High-dose methotrexate (100 mg/kg) and citrovorum factor rescue enhanced syngeneic sarcoma (S1509a) specific killer T cell (cytotoxic T lymphocyte) in tumor bearing mice, although high-dose MTX suppressed killer T cell against S1509a in immunized mice. It was suggested that tumor specific suppressor T lymphocyte played an important role in enhancement of killer T cell. Enhancement of killer T cell was induced at day seven after administration of MTX. From the clinical point of view, weekly high-dose (100 mg/kg) MTX therapy may be necessary to enhance tumor specific immunity of the patients with sarcoma. High-dose MTX therapy is a unique one not only in practical point of view, but also in immunological point of view. PMID- 6224871 TI - [Muscle-specific proprioceptive nerve roots in the facial nerve]. PMID- 6224872 TI - A case of "prevention". PMID- 6224873 TI - Retention sutures: technique for closure of long abdominal midline incisions. PMID- 6224874 TI - Spelling by speech synthesis: a new technology for an old problem. PMID- 6224875 TI - Our fickle public schools and teacher shortages. PMID- 6224876 TI - Platelet activation during steady state sickle cell disease. AB - Previous reports have given conflicting conclusions of the role platelets may play in initiating vaso-occlusive sickle cell crisis. Seven patients homozygous for sickle cell hemoglobin, and seven age, race and sex matched controls were each studied on at least two occasions in a six week period of normal health. The number of platelets circulating as aggregates, the plasma concentration of beta thromboglobulin (beta-TG) and platelet factor 4 (PF-4) were significantly elevated compared with controls. These findings were confirmed with a second series of fourteen patients and nine controls. Patient's platelets in plasma adjusted for both platelet number and citrate concentration aggregated more in response to low concentrations (0.4 and 1 microM) but less to higher concentrations (4 and 20 microM) of ADP and needed significantly more prostacyclin (PGI2) to inhibit ADP induced aggregation than did platelets from control subjects. There was no significant difference in plasma concentration of fibrinopeptide A and thromboxane (Tx)B2, nor in the platelet generation of TxB2 and release of serotonin and beta TG induced by aggregating agents. Thus, the platelets of patients with sickle cell anemia in the steady state are readily activated and respond in vivo by increased formation of aggregates and release of beta TG and PF-4. PMID- 6224877 TI - Serum copper, iron and zinc in cases of acne vulgaris. AB - Serum copper, iron and zinc were estimated in 30 individuals complaining of moderate acne vulgaris, grade II. The results obtained were compared with those obtained from a normal control group. The results revealed changes in the copper and iron content of the sera, although they were statistically not significant. The zinc content showed no changes compared to the control group. PMID- 6224878 TI - Immunoblastic lymphadenopathy: failure of, rather than lack of immunoregulation. AB - The lymphoid proliferation characteristic of immunoblastic lymphadenopathy is polyclonal and of B cell lineage. This proliferation of B cells could result from an inherent B cell defect, prolonged and pronounced antigenic stimulation, or inadequate immunoregulation. We recently evaluated a patient with this disorder and found excessive T cell mediated in vitro suppression of both the autologous and allogeneic blastogenic response to mitogen. This enhanced in vitro suppression suggests that the clinically observed lymphoid proliferation in this patient occurred because of autonomous or excessively stimulated B cells and not because of a lack of functional suppressor cells. PMID- 6224879 TI - Influenza virus site recognized by a murine helper T cell specific for H1 strains. Localization to a nine amino acid sequence in the hemagglutinin molecule. AB - The functional helper T cell line Vir-2, derived from a PR8 (H1N1) influenza virus-immunized BALB/c mouse, proliferates in response to syngeneic antigen presenting cells and naturally occurring strains of subtype H1 human influenza virus from 1934-1957 and 1977-1980 isolates. A conserved region of the hemagglutinin molecule around amino acid position 115 in the heavy chain (HA1) was implicated as being important in this recognition by the lack of stimulatory activity associated with a glutamic acid to lysine substitution at position 115 in the laboratory mutant RV6, derived from wild-type PR8. Characterization of the stimulatory determinant on the wild-type hemagglutinin molecule was then undertaken using cleavage products and synthetic peptides. Vir-2 cells recognized the reduced and alkylated purified HA1 of PR8 virus, and this reactivity was retained after cleavage at methionine and tryptophan residues. High-pressure liquid chromatography separation of cleavage fragments indicated that a short sequence of the HA1 containing residue 115 was being recognized. This recognition was localized to a nine amino acid segment (positions 111-119) by assaying stimulation with synthetic peptide homologues of different lengths from that region. As with native hemagglutinin, Vir-2 cells responded to active peptides when presented by H-2d but not H-2k antigen-presenting cells. PMID- 6224880 TI - Generation of three different fragments of bound C3 with purified factor I or serum. II. Location of binding sites in the C3 fragments for factors B and H, complement receptors, and bovine conglutinin. AB - The many different recognized functions of C3 are dependent upon the ability of the activated C3 molecule both to bind covalently to protein and carbohydrate surfaces and to provide binding sites for as many as eleven different proteins. The location of the binding sites for six of these different proteins (factors B and H, complement receptors CR(1), CR(2) and CR(3) and conglutinin) was examined in the naturally occurring C3-fragments generated by C3 activation (C3b) and degradation by Factor I (iC3b, C3c, C3d,g) and trypsin (C3d). Evidence was obtained for at least four distinct binding sites in C3 for these six different C3 ligands. One binding site for B was detectable only in C3b, whereas a second binding site for H and CR(1) was detectable in both C3b and iC3b. The affinity of the binding site for H and CR(1) was charge dependent and considerably reduced in iC3b as compared to C3b. H binding to iC3b-coated sheep erythrocytes (EC3bi) was measurable only in low ionic strength buffer (4 mS). The finding that C3c-coated microspheres bound to CR(1), indicated that this second binding site was still intact in the C3c fragment. However, H binding to C3c was not examined. A third binding site in C3 for CR(2) was exposed in the d region by factor I cleavage of C3b into iC3b, and the activity of this site was unaffected by the further I cleavage of iC3b into C3d,g. Removal of the 8,000-dalton C3g fragment from C3d,g with trypsin forming C3d, resulted in reduced CR2 activity. However, because saturating amounts of monoclonal anti-C3g did not block the CR(2)-binding activity of EC3d,g, it appears unlikely that the g region of C3d,g or iC3b forms a part of the CR(2)-binding site. In addition, detergent-solubilized EC3d (C3d OR) inhibited the CR(2)-binding activity of EC3d,g. Monocytes and neutrophils, that had been previously thought to lack CR(2) because of their inability to form EC3d rosettes, did bind EC3d,g containing greater than 5 x 10(4) C3d,g molecules per E. The finding that monocyte and neutrophil rosettes with EC3d,g were inhibited by C3d-OR, suggested that these phagocytic cells might indeed express very low numbers of CR(2), and that these CR(2) were detectable with EC3d,g and not with EC3d because C3d,g had a higher affinity for CR2 than did C3d. A fourth C3 binding site for CR(3) and conglutinin (K) was restricted to the iC3b fragment. Because of simultaneous attachment of iC3b to phagocyte CR3 and CR(3), the characteristics of iC3b binding to CR3 could only be examined with phagocytes on which the CR(1) had been blocked with anti-CR(1). Inhibition studies with EDTA and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine demonstrated a requirement for both calcium cations and carbohydrate in the binding of EC3bi to CR3 and to K. However, CR(3) differed from K in that magnesium cations were required in addition to calcium for maximum CR(3) binding activity, and NADG produced less inhibition of CR(3) activity than of K activity. PMID- 6224881 TI - Genes affecting mink cell focus-inducing (MCF) murine leukemia virus infection and spontaneous lymphoma in AKR F1 hybrids. AB - An assessment of the importance of mink cell focus-inducing (MCF)-type recombinant murine leukemia viruses in spontaneous thymic lymphomagenesis and of the genetic factors affecting its occurrence was carried out with F1 hybrids between AKR and various other inbred strains. There was generally close agreement between the frequency of detection of MCF virus, of thymocyte antigenic amplification in the preleukemic period, and of spontaneous lymphoma. Also, hybrid combinations with moderate to high spontaneous lymphoma were uniformly susceptible to lymphoma induction by neonatal inoculation of MCF 247 virus, while lower leukemic hybrids were at least partially resistant to the induced disease. At least four resistance genes can be identified as affecting the disease in the various hybrids: Fv-1, Rmcf, an unidentified gene carried by the C57 series of mice and SJL, and an unidentified minor gene carried by several other strains. PMID- 6224882 TI - Allosuppressor- and allohelper-T cells in acute and chronic graft-vs.-host (GVH) disease. III. Different Lyt subsets of donor T cells induce different pathological syndromes. AB - Previous work from this laboratory has led to the hypothesis that the stimulatory pathological symptoms of chronic graft-vs.-host disease (GVHD) are caused by alloreactive donor T helper (TH) cells, whereas the suppressive pathological symptoms of acute GVHD are caused by alloreactive T suppressor (TS) cells of the donor. In the present paper we analyzed the Lyt phenotypes of B10 donor T cells required for the induction of either acute or chronic GVHD in H-2-different (B10 X DBA/2)F1 recipients. First, nonirradiated F1 mice were used as the recipients. We found that unseparated B10 T cells induced only a moderate formation of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)-like autoantibodies, but a high percentage of lethal GVHD (LGVHD). In contrast, Lyt-1+2- donor T cells were unable to induce LGVHD in these recipients; these cells were capable, however, of inducing a vigorous formation of SLE-like autoantibodies and the formation of severe immune complex glomerulonephritis. Lyt-1-2+ T cells were incapable of inducing either acute or chronic GVHD. In another experiment, the sensitivity and accuracy of the GVH system were increased by using irradiated F1 mice as recipients and by comparing donor-cell inocula that contained similar numbers of T lymphocytes. In addition, donor-cell inocula were used that had been tested for their allohelper and allosuppressor effects on F1 B cells in vitro. In the irradiated F1 recipients, too, unseparated donor T cells were superior to T cell subsets in inducing LGVHD; Lyt-1-2+ donor cells were completely and Lyt-1+2- donor cells were almost incapable of doing so. In contrast, Lyt-1+2- T cells, but neither unseparated T cells nor Lyt-1-2+ T cells, were capable of inducing a vigorous formation of SLE-like auto-antibodies. We conclude that the stimulatory pathological symptoms of chronic GVHD are caused by Lyt-1+2- allohelper T cells. In contrast, the development of the suppressive pathological symptoms of acute GVHD appears to involve alloreactive Lyt-1+2+ T suppressor cells. PMID- 6224883 TI - Quantitative assessment of the pool size and subset distribution of cytolytic T lymphocytes within human resting or alloactivated peripheral blood T cell populations. AB - In order to directly assess the distribution of cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTL) and their precursors (CTL-P) in the two major subsets of human T cells, we have used limiting dilution microculture systems to determine their frequencies. The two subsets were defined according to their reactivity (or lack thereof) with B9.4 monoclonal antibody (the specificity of which is similar, if not identical, to that of Leu 2b monoclonal antibody). Both B9+ and B9- cells obtained by sorting peripheral blood resting T cells using the fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS) were assayed for total CTL-P frequencies in a microculture system that allows clonal growth of every T cell. As assessed by a lectin-dependent assay, approximately 30% of peripheral blood T cells were CTP-P. In the B9+ subset (which represents 20-30% of all T cells), the CTL-P frequency was close to 100%, whereas the B9- subset had a 25-fold lower CTL-P frequency. It is thus evident that 90% and 10% of the total CTL-P in peripheral blood are confined to the B9+ or B9- T cell subsets, respectively. Analysis of the subset distribution of CTL-P directed against a given set of alloantigens confirmed these findings. CTL-P frequencies were also determined in B9+ and B9- subsets derived from T cells that had been activated in allogenic mixed leucocyte cultures (MLC). Approximately 10% of MLC T cells were CTL-P. This frequency was increased 3.5-fold in the B9+ subset, whereas the B9- subset contained only a small, although detectable number of CTL-P. Moreover, the great majority of the (operationally defined) CTL-P in MLC T cell population were found to be directed against the stimulating alloantigens, thus indicating a dramatic increase in specific CTL-P frequencies following in vitro stimulation in bulk cultures. PMID- 6224884 TI - MRC OX-22, a monoclonal antibody that labels a new subset of T lymphocytes and reacts with the high molecular weight form of the leukocyte-common antigen. AB - A mouse monoclonal antibody (MRC OX-22) is described that labels rat T cells which mediate graft-versus-host reactions and those responsible for the suppression of antibody synthesis in hosts undergoing these reactions. In contrast, most of the T cells that provide help for B cells are MRC OX-22 negative. These results, taken together with those published previously, demonstrate that the rat contains at least three phenotypically and functionally distinct subsets of T cells. The MRC OX-22 antibody also labels all B cells, 50% of bone marrow cells, but only 2% of thymocytes. Of these latter cells about half are found at the edge of the medulla and the remainder are randomly distributed throughout the cortex and medulla. These findings lend support to the view that mature thymocytes leave the thymus at the cortico-medullary junction, and also suggest that both cortex and medulla may be sites where thymocytes mature. Biochemical studies showed that the MRC OX-22 antibody reacts with the high molecular weight form of the leukocyte-common antigen (L-CA). Comparison with data on human L-CA suggests that the molecular and antigenic heterogeneity of this set of glycoproteins has been conserved between rat and man. PMID- 6224885 TI - Monoclonal IgM rheumatoid factors derived from arthritic MRL/Mp-lpr/lpr mice. AB - MRL/lpr/lpr (MRL/l) mice develop a lupus-like syndrome and a disease histologically and serologically similar to human rheumatoid arthritis. Their sera contain polyclonal IgM rheumatoid factors (RF) reactive with all murine IgG subclasses (frequently strongest with IgG2a) and several heterologous IgG. To examine the repertoire and epitopic specificities of these RF, we fused splenocytes from 3.5-mo-old seropositive MRL/l mice with appropriate myeloma partners and derived 1,723 hybridomas of which 23 secreted IgMRF. These monoclonal IgMRF bound to murine IgG only, not to other murine isotypes. Eight murine IgG subclass-specific clonotypes were identified. Most clones reacted with either multiple IgG subclasses or with IgG2a alone. A few clones reacted solely with IgG2b but none reacted exclusively with IgG1 or IgG3. Monoclonal IgMRF with exclusively anti-IgG2a activity exhibited allotypic specificity, reacting, with few exceptions, with a, c, and e, but not b, d, or j IgG2a allotypes. Four clonotypes could be distinguished by cross-reactivity with IgG from species other than mice. Monoclonals possessing activity against several murine subclasses cross-reacted extensively with heterologous IgG, including all human IgG subclasses without allotypic restrictions. Monoclonal IgMRF specific for murine IgG2a or 2b did not cross-react with heterologous IgG. Based on the absence of cross-reactions by IgG2a-specific monoclonal autoantibodies, certain peptides of the IgG CH2 and CH3 domains appear to generate the antigenic determinants of the anti-IgG2a RF in MRL/l mice. All of the monoclonal RF bound to Fc and, with one exception, not to Fab fragments of murine IgG. Binding of the monoclonal RF to substrate IgG was not inhibited by Clq, thus excluding the Clq-binding site at the CH2 domain as one of the responsible epitopes in the induction of MRL/l RF. mIgMRF could be categorized as strongly, weakly, or noninhibitable by protein A, which interacts with IgG molecules at or near the CH2-CH3 junction. Inhibition appears to be caused by conformational changes and/or steric shielding of certain IgG areas distant from this junction and not by identical binding sites between protein A and RF. Certain of the mIgMRF that were weakly or not at all inhibitable by protein A were found to cross-react equally well with human Fc (CH2-CH3 domains) and pFc' (CH3 domain) fragments, indicating that the binding site for these monoclonals is at the CH3 domain. Monoclonal RF were devoid of anti-double-strand DNA, anticollagen, or antipeptidoglycan pentapeptide cross reactivity, but one of the monoclonals cross-reacted with histones, four with single-strand DNA, and one with both histones and single-strand DNA. PMID- 6224886 TI - Allogeneic induction of the human T cell-instructed monocyte procoagulant response is rapid and is elicited by HLA-DR. AB - The recognition of alloantigens by human lymphoid cells initiates a collaborative cellular pathway that rather rapidly induces in adherent cells (monocytes) the synthesis and expression of cell surface tissue factor, the initiating cofactor of the extrinsic coagulation pathway. This response was vigorous, generating tissue factor to a level nearly comparable to the response to endotoxin. However, it was temporally discordant with characterized lymphoid procoagulant responses to endotoxin, virus, and immune complexes in that it reached a maxima at 48 h, well after these other responses but clearly much faster than the well recognized proliferative responses to allogeneic stimulation. Using the Daudi lymphoblastoid B cell line, the allogeneic response could be fully elicited in a dose-dependent fashion within 18 h. The induction of monocyte tissue factor required collaboration with T lymphocytes, in accord with previously described T cell instructed monocyte responses. HLA-DR was implicated as the allogeneic signal by the ability of two monoclonal antibodies to completely block, in a dose-dependent fashion, the induction of this pathway. Notably, the allogeneic procoagulant response was quantitatively discordant with respect to the allogeneic proliferative response, suggesting differences in specificity. This relatively rapid response may be applicable to typing of determinants in the major histocompatibility complex that are not equivalently identified by alternative analyses, and may be significant in tissue transplantation. The cellular pathway, linking allogeneic recognition with induction of a monocyte response that initiates the coagulation pathway, represents a further example of the linkage between these biologic systems, and is consistent with a pathogenetic role in allograft rejection by the promotion of vascular thrombosis and interstitial fibrin accumulation. PMID- 6224887 TI - Role of contrasuppression in the adoptive transfer of immunity. AB - The data presented in this paper show that the population of cells that adoptively transfer contact hypersensitivity are Lyt-1+ 2-, I-J- and nonadherent to V. villosa lectin. However, the adoptive transfer of immunity by this population of cells is successful only when the recipient has been treated in such a way as to impair the host immunosuppression mechanism. This population cannot, on its own, transfer immunity to adult, untreated naive recipients unless an additional population of immunoregulatory cells is present. This immunoregulatory population does not itself adoptively transfer immunity. This latter population is differentiated from the immune cells in that they are Lyt-1+ 2-, I-J+ and are adherent to V. villosa lectin. Both populations are required to adoptively transfer immunity to adult untreated naive recipients. PMID- 6224888 TI - Tests of the automaticity of reading: dilution of Stroop effects by color irrelevant stimuli. AB - A color word shown next to a color bar can facilitate color naming if it is congruent with the correct response; otherwise it will interfere with color naming. The congruence and conflict effects are both diminished (diluted) by the presentation of a color-neutral word elsewhere in the field. A row of X's also produces some dilution. The dilution effect represents attentional interference rather than sensory interaction or response conflict. Because Stroop effects are susceptible to interference, the involuntary reading of color words does not satisfy one of the standard criteria of automaticity. PMID- 6224889 TI - The cost of visual filtering. AB - Speeded choice responses (reading or naming) to a relevant stimulus under conditions of spatial uncertainty are delayed by the simultaneous occurrence of other events. This "filtering cost" occurs despite high discriminability of target and distractors, which allows parallel detection of the target in search through the same displays. Reading is also delayed when the removal of irrelevant objects from the field coincides with the onset of the target. Filtering costs are caused by the processing of events rather than by the mere presence of irrelevant items. They are eliminated by advance information about the location of the target or by advance presentation of maintained distractors. PMID- 6224890 TI - Movements of attention across the visual field. AB - Vocal reaction times were measured for targets presented at three distances from fixation. The targets were preceded by a cue, and the time interval between the cue and the target (stimulus-onset asynchrony; SOA) was varied. For each peripheral distance, the reaction time function initially declined as SOA was increased and then reached asymptote. The further the target from fixation, the longer the SOA at which the function reached asymptote. The asymptotic SOA values were taken as a measure of the time it takes attention to reach a given target. Comparisons of these values for the three peripheral distances permitted estimating the velocity of attention movements. These measurements suggest that when summoned by a peripheral cue, attention travels through space at a constant velocity of about 1 degree per 8 msec. PMID- 6224891 TI - Letter migration in word perception. AB - These experiments demonstrate that the perception of two distinct words in a briefLy presented display can interact, causing perceptual migrations of letters from one word to the other. For example, when LINE and LACE are presented, subjects might report seeing LICE or LANE instead of LINE. Several properties of the letter migrations were revealed: (a) Migrations are more frequent when the words are separated by smaller physical distances; (b) a majority of the migrations are a result of letters being copied from one word to the other, not from the interchange of letters of the two words; (c) migrations to a word are less frequent when subjects focus attention on that word; and (d) migrations are far more frequent when the words share letters in common. This last result suggests that migrations are not caused by a loss of spatial information at the letter level, that is, by free-floating letters being wrongly combined. Rather, migrations occur because of structural limitations at a high level of the word recognition process, perhaps during lexical activation. Implications for models of multiple-word perception are discussed. PMID- 6224892 TI - Effect of similarity of surround on target-letter processing. AB - Embedding a target letter in a similar surround slowed its processing in both a distortion-detection task and an identification task. If the target was not merely similar but also identical to the surround, however, it was processed more rapidly. The present results favor a two-factor (bias, discriminability) model similar to that of Estes (1982), who also found that performance varied nonmonotonically with changes in target--surround similarity. As similarity increases, performance steadily declines because of reduced discriminability but when improves when the surround becomes identical to the target because of bias or criterion adjustment induced by the surround. Evidence is presented that the decrease in discriminability reflects feature-specific lateral inhibition (Bjork & Murray, 1977), whereas the bias factor reflects priming at encoding. As predicted by the noisy-operator theory, performance in the distortion-detection task was faster but less accurate when the target matched a letter in long-term memory than when it did not. The latter results were found when the distortion involved a missing feature but not when it involved an added inappropriate feature, which indicates that internal noise more often deleted than added features (Proctor & Rao, 1983). PMID- 6224893 TI - Semantic congruity and expectancy in symbolic judgments. AB - These experiments assess the degree to which the semantic-congruity effect in comparative judgment can be explained by such expectancy effects as priming, perceptual "set," or strategies used in the task. The first experiment mixed a lexical-decision task with the comparative-judgment task and showed that neither automatic semantic priming nor deliberate preparation can account for the congruity effect. Experiments 2-4 assessed expectancy effects in a different way by presenting the instructions for comparative judgment either before or after the pair to be judged. These experiments included, among other things, a number of safeguards against artifacts in this paradigm. In these three experiments the congruity effect was obtained with both orders of stimuli and instructions, contrary to the prediction of an expectancy hypothesis. The results indicate that when stimuli are not degraded. The semantic-congruity effect depends largely on the relation between the stimuli and the instructions and only to a small degree, if at all, on expectancy. PMID- 6224894 TI - Perception of surface curvature and direction of illumination from patterns of shading. AB - Three experiments examine the perceptual salience of shading information for the visual specification of three-dimensional form. The observers in these experiments were required to estimate the surface curvature and direction of illumination depicted in computer-synthesized images of cylindrical surfaces, both with and without texture. The results indicate that the shininess of a surface enhances the perception of curvature, but has no effect on perceived direction of illumination; and that shading is generally less effective than texture for depicting surfaces in three dimensions. These and other findings are used to evaluate the psychological validity of several mathematical analyses of shading information that have recently been proposed in the literature. PMID- 6224895 TI - Similarities in the control of the speech articulators and the limbs: kinematics of tongue dorsum movement in speech. AB - The kinematics of tongue dorsum movements in speech were studied with pulsed ultrasound to assess similarities in the voluntary control of the speech articulators and the limbs. The stimuli were consonant--vowel syllables in which speech rate and stress were varied. The kinematic patterns for tongue dorsum movements were comparable to those observed in the rapid movement of the arms and hands. The maximum velocity of tongue dorsum raising and lowering was correlated with the extent of the gesture. The slope of the relationship differed for stressed and unstressed vowels but was unaffected by differences in speech rate. At each stress level the correlation between displacement and peak velocity was accompanied by a relatively constant interval from the initiation of the movement to the point of maximum velocity. The data are discussed with reference to systems that can be described with second-order differential equations. The increase in the slope of the displacement/peak-velocity relationship for unstressed versus stressed vowels is suggestive of a tonic increase in articulator stiffness. Variations in displacement are attributed to the level of phasic activity in the muscles producing the gesture. PMID- 6224896 TI - Effect of rhythmic grouping on stream segregation. AB - Three experiments investigated the role of temporal grouping on auditory stream segregation. For sounds that formed frequency streams (e.g., 400 Hz, 500 Hz, 1600 Hz, and 2000 Hz), the effect of rhythm was minimal. Temporal grouping did not affect judgments of stream segregation and did not affect difficulty of sequence identification. In contrast, for sounds that tended to form one coherent sequence (e.g., 750 Hz, 1500 Hz, 3000 Hz, and 6000 Hz), temporal grouping affected judgments of stream segregation as well as difficulty of identification. The temporal grouping could space the three lower or three higher pitch tones equally in time and this induced isochronous stream segregation. Subjects could not interleave the resulting streams, and identification became far more difficult. The role of rhythmic grouping is therefore contextual, depending on the relationships between the elements as well as the order of the elements. PMID- 6224897 TI - Apparent displacement with a monocular prism differs from optical displacement. AB - This experiment showed that phoria-induced displacement adds to or subtracts from prism-induced displacement. A near stimulus (25 cm) was apparently displaced more than the optical displacement when the base of a prism was out and less when the base was in. In contrast, a far stimulus (200 cm) was displaced less when the base was out and more when the base was in. Moreover, the between-subjects variability of the apparent displacement was greater with monocular than with binocular viewing. Some implications for studies on monocular prism adaptation are discussed. PMID- 6224898 TI - Management of functional disability in homebound patients. AB - Five percent of the population aged over 65 years, or more than 1 million people, are homebound. Musculoskeletal dysfunction is the final common pathway of all forms of arthritis and many neuromuscular disorders and is the prime cause for being homebound. The US health care system, with its emphasis on acute illness, does not address adequately the functional problems of homebound patients. Many can be helped by modification of the home environment or physical and occupational therapy. This paper outlines the diagnosis and management of common functional disabilities found in homebound patients. PMID- 6224899 TI - Studies on the flagellar ATPase of bull spermatozoa: extraction and characterization. AB - Adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activity of flagella isolated from ejaculated bull sperm was solubilized by 5 min exposure to 0.6 M KCl at 4 degrees C. ATPase activity in the flagellar extract was characterized with respect to enzyme, substrate, activator ion, salt, and hydrogen ion concentration. Flagellar extract required the presence of a divalent cation for activity: Mg2+, Ca2+, or Mn2+ could function as activator, but Zn2+ or Cd2+ could not. Magnesium-activated ATPase was maximal in the presence of Mg2+ and ATP in equimolar concentrations and at alkaline pH. Calcium activated ATPase was maximal over a wide range of Ca2+:ATP ratios and at pH 8.0. The presence of increasing concentrations of Na+ and/or K+ ions in the assay medium (0.5-300 mM) had no effect on the ATPase activity of flagellar extract. PMID- 6224900 TI - [Choanal imperforation. Topography of the malformation and value of the transpalatine approach]. PMID- 6224902 TI - [Chronic electrode implantation in contact with the round window in the treatment of tinnitus]. PMID- 6224901 TI - [Necrotizing otitis in diabetics. Apropos of 4 cases]. PMID- 6224903 TI - [Cases of rubella deafness]. PMID- 6224904 TI - [Clinical forms and therapeutic indications in cancers of the mouth floor]. PMID- 6224905 TI - [Reconstruction of the ossicular chain by bone interposition between the tympanic membrane and the stapes]. PMID- 6224906 TI - [A case of vestibulomeningeal communication disclosed during stapedovestibular venous interposition]. PMID- 6224907 TI - [Epidermoid carcinoma with pseudosarcomatous stroma (or pseudosarcoma) in ORL (apropos of a case)]. PMID- 6224908 TI - [5 cases of ossifying fibroma of the face]. PMID- 6224909 TI - [A case of bilateral deafness following fulguration]. PMID- 6224910 TI - [Current data on cervical cellulitis caused by anaerobic bacteria]. PMID- 6224911 TI - [Cancer of the tongue in the female (33 cases of epidermoid carcinoma)]. PMID- 6224912 TI - [Histologic morphometric study of 117 nasal mucosa in chronic allergic and non allergic rhinitis. Statistical interpretation]. PMID- 6224913 TI - [Otoplasties]. PMID- 6224914 TI - [Physiology of fluids of the inner ear]. PMID- 6224915 TI - [Comparative study of horizontal anatomic and computer tomographic sections of the laryngopharynx]. PMID- 6224916 TI - Responses of cat peroneus brevis muscle spindle afferents during recovery from nerve-crush injury. AB - The responses of regenerated muscle spindle afferents to ramp-and-hold stretch of the peroneus brevis muscle in the cat were recorded at periods from 26 to 140 days after crushing the common peroneal nerve. During the early stages of recovery a number of abnormally responding afferents were observed. The most marked abnormality was the absence or rapid failure of firing during the held phase of the stretch. The proportion of abnormal afferents became less as recovery progressed. Electrical stimulation of isolated static and dynamic gamma axons increased the firing rates of the afferents during the ramp-and-hold stretch such that a gamma static axon would restore the response of an abnormal afferent to the held phase of the stretch. The regenerated afferents have been classified according to the degree of abnormality displayed. These abnormalities can be accounted for by assuming a subtractive reduction in the firing frequency of the regenerated afferents. This is attributed to an increase in the pacemaker threshold. PMID- 6224917 TI - Deflation of metrizamide-filled balloon used to occlude a carotid-cavernous fistula. Case report. AB - A carotid-cavernous fistula was occluded by a detachable latex balloon. Because of technical problems, the contrast-filled balloon was left in a precarious position in the ostium of the fistula. Premature deflation of the balloon would have resulted in intra-arterial migration of the device. Approximately 1 week is required for the balloon to become secured in place by fibrous attachment to the vascular wall. For success, if the ligature is adequate, a detachable Debrun balloon should remain inflated for this period of time. The deflation process was monitored radiographically in this patient. The balloon remained inflated for at least 2 weeks. A short summary of the experience with deflation of various contrast-containing balloon devices in the treatment of carotid-cavernous fistulas is given. Metrizamide may be the best contrast agent for use in these devices. PMID- 6224918 TI - Ventricular performance in congenital left-to-right shunt: temporal Fourier analysis of gated blood-pool data. AB - Using global time-activity curves, the phase and amplitude at fundamental frequency were calculated, and emptying patterns of the right and left ventricles (RV,LV) were evaluated by phase difference [D(phase) = RV phase minus LV phase] and RV/LV amplitude ratio [R(amp)]. In 21 subjects with normal cardiac function, D(phase) was minimal (mean 2.2 +/- 6.1 degrees), regardless of heart rate, and R(amp) was distributed from 0.31 to 0.92 (mean 0.57 +/- 0.20). In 19 patients of ventricular septal defect (VSD), R(amp) remained within the normal range, whereas D(phase) became larger in proportion to the ratio of pulmonary-to-systemic blood flow, Qp/Qs (p less than 0.001). Especially, cases with Qp/Qs over 2.0 showed a significant RV phase lag. By contrast, nine patients with patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), showed no RV phase lag, but--particularly in cases with Qp/Qs greater than 2.0--R(amp) was smaller than normal (p less than 0.001). Thus this method is valuable for pathophysiologic investigation of diseases with L-to-R shunt, and can help in the noninvasive differential diagnosis between VSD and PDA. PMID- 6224919 TI - Recovery from impairment in feeding response to glucoprivic stimuli and in sensitivity to diabetogenic agents in riboflavin-repleted rats. AB - Male weanling rats, fed a riboflavin-deficient diet for 14 days showed impairments in reactivity to the hyperphagic action of either insulin or 2-deoxy D-glucose (2DG) and in sensitivity to the diabetogenic action of streptozotocin or alloxan. The intraperitoneal injection of riboflavin (160 micrograms/rat) resulted in an immediate restoration in FAD-dependent activation of erythrocyte glutathione reductase and in the reactivity of food intake to insulin, whereas the reactivity of food intake to 2DG was restored after 3 days of riboflavin repletion. The sensitivity to diabetogenic agents was not restored solely by the riboflavin injection but required 3 hours of feeding as well. These findings indicate that the riboflavin deficiency caused some defects at specific glucosensitive sites localized in the pancreas and the brain and that some metabolic processes were necessary to restore the sensitivity. PMID- 6224921 TI - Surface treatment studies aimed at streamlining fissure sealant application. AB - Three laboratory studies were carried out with the aim of improving or streamlining enamel surface treatment procedures in fissure sealing. In Study 1, the effect of reducing acid etch time from 60 s to 10 s was assessed by SEM and tensile bond strength measurements. Reduction in etch time produced a finer etch pattern, gave a reduced but still high, bond-strength, albeit with slightly poorer long-term adhesion. Study 2 showed that a conventional acid etch treatment could completely remove acquired pellicle, without prior prophylaxis. SEM studies and bond-strength measurements corroborated this view. In Study 3, compressed air and chemical drying agents were compared for drying speed and efficiency. Compressed air gave more rapid, thorough drying, and greater resultant bond strengths. PMID- 6224920 TI - Dietary manipulation of plasma albumin concentration. AB - The variation in plasma albumin concentrations of rats fed a wide range of protein- and energy-deficient diets has been investigated. These changes have been correlated with simultaneous effects of the diets on growth rate, carcass composition, protein and energy balance, and plasma concentration of insulin corticosterone and triiodothyronine (T3). Although rats eating diets of low protein content and libitum developed hypoalbuminemia, those fed equivalent amounts of protein at low energy intakes had plasma albumin concentrations nearer, or equal to control values. Data from the balance study showed that for hypoalbuminemia to occur, not only had dietary protein to be inadequate, it was also necessary for energy consumption to be in excess of requirements. It is suggested that in protein-deficient animals, energy consumed in excess of the amount required for maintenance and the protein-limited growth rate initiates a metabolic response which results in inappropriate use of the meagre protein intake. This "dysadapted" state, in the rat, appears to be indicated by elevated plasma T3 values. The implication that kwashiorkor-like symptoms can be generated by a relative as opposed to a total energy excess is discussed in relation to the appearance of this disease in humans. PMID- 6224922 TI - Esophageal dysfunction in Down's syndrome. AB - Abnormalities in esophageal function were identified in seven children with Down's syndrome. Three had recurrent episodes of pneumonia from gastroesophageal reflux; two of these and one other patient had esophageal strictures. Two patients with Down's syndrome revealed no evidence of gastroesophageal reflux but did show significant abnormalities in esophageal peristalsis. These data would suggest that ambulatory children with Down's syndrome may be at risk of developing serious sequellae of gastroesophageal reflux. The spectrum of data of these seven patients is discussed, and pertinent prior reports from the literature are reviewed. PMID- 6224923 TI - Gastroschisis: neonatal features and somatic development. AB - Thirty-nine newborns were treated for gastroschisis at the Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Central Hospital from 1964 to 1980. Sixteen infants died during the first hospital admission. Of the 23 survivors, 11 were two years or older, and these 11 children were subjected to a follow-up examination. The incidence of the lesion increased markedly during the period of observation. Dysmaturity (birth weight at or below the 10th percentile of normal intrauterine growth) accompanied gastroschisis in 17 cases, and a low birth weight (below 2,500 g) in 23 cases. The mortality of gastroschisis was clearly and constantly decreasing, being 54% for the first decade, 23% for the last 5 years, and 41% for the total series. The age of the mothers at parturition, 20.9 years, was significantly (p less than 0.001) lower than the Finnish average. The extensive clinical and laboratory analysis of the 11 oldest children with completed reconstruction of the abdominal wall indicated good physical condition and, specifically, normal absorptive function of the intestine. PMID- 6224924 TI - Longitudinal growth and late morbidity of survivors of gastroschisis and omphalocele. AB - Of 22 survivors of gastroschisis and omphalocele, most had poor weight gain. Although one-third of gastroschisis babies were small-for-gestational age at birth, no other predisposing factors for poor growth could be demonstrated. No child had intrinsic gastrointestinal or metabolic sequelae at 3 years of age, as demonstrated by radiographic studies, fecal fat excretion, or serum chemistry screen. One-third of those tested had IQs less than 90; five had abnormal electroencephalograms; one had impaired hearing. Intellectual impairment was related to length of hospitalization due to a variety of nongastrointestinal factors. Neither growth nor intellectual development was related to the type of lesion present, even when IQ is corrected for prematurity. Impairment of growth and intellectual outcome may be related to prematurity, small-for-gestation birth weight, and nongastrointestinal neonatal complications. PMID- 6224925 TI - Nonspecific suppressor cell activity and lymphocyte response to beta lactoglobulin in cow's milk protein hypersensitivity. AB - beta-Lactoglobulin (BLG) is clinically the most frequent allergen in cow's milk protein hypersensitivity (CMPH). We therefore assessed its in vitro blastogenic effect on lymphocytes of patients suffering from CMPH. Twenty-two patients aged from 1 to 20 months were investigated. beta-Lactoglobulin produced a significantly (p less than 0.00003) higher blastogenic response in lymphocytes of patients with CMPH (mean stimulation index 7.7 +/- 0.7 SEM) than in 26 age matched controls (2.7 +/- 0.4). This response was age related, being most marked in infants up to 5 months of age. Lymphocyte proliferation following stimulation with BLG can be a useful in vitro test in the diagnosis of CMPH. Because of this augmented lymphocyte response, we considered the possibility of a related defect in immune suppression. Nonspecific concanavalin A-induced suppressor cell activity was assessed in the above patient and control populations. Concanavalin A-induced suppressor cell activity was significantly (p less than 0.05) reduced in patients with CMPH. This too was most marked in the first few months of life. We suggest that the development of CMPH may be due to delayed maturation of a suppressor cell population. PMID- 6224926 TI - Synthesis and antiallergenic properties of 3-n-pentadecyl- and 3-n heptadecylcatechol esters. AB - A synthetic procedure is described for the preparation of 3-n-pentadecyl- and 3-n heptadecylcatechols and their acetate and alaninate esters. The Wittig reagent prepared from 2,3-dimethoxybenzyltriphenylphosphonium bromide (III) was coupled with 1-tetradecanal or 1-hexadecanal to give the olefins IV and V, respectively. Catalytic reduction of IV and V followed by demethylation with boron tribromide afforded VIII and IX. The acetates were prepared using acetic anhydride and pyridine, while the alaninates were prepared using N-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-L alanine and dicyclohexylcarbodiimide followed by removal of the tert butoxycarbonyl group with hydrogen chloride gas. The esters were active in guinea pigs in the production of tolerance and desensitization or hyposensitization to poison ivy-type contact dermatitis. PMID- 6224927 TI - Cobaltous chloride-induced hypothermia in mice III: effect of pretreatment with 5 hydroxytryptaminergic agents. AB - The influence of various 5-hydroxytryptaminergic agonist and antagonist drugs on body-temperature response to cobaltous chloride in mice was noted. Pretreatment with p-chloroamphetamine, p-chlorophenylalanine, and p-iodoamphetamine antagonized the body-temperature response to cobalt. p-Chloroamphetamine and p chlorophenylalanine reduced, while p-iodoamphetamine elevated, brain serotonin levels. The uptake inhibitor agents, fluoxetine and nisoxetine, failed to modify the ability of p-chloroamphetamine to antagonize cobalt hypothermia. Cyproheptadine, methergoline, and xylamidine pretreatment enhanced rather than antagonized body-temperature depression by cobalt. Tryptophan hydroxylase inhibitors antagonized cobalt hypothermia, but receptor-blocking agents were without influence, indicating that antagonism was mediated through mechanisms other than the depletion of serotonin. Elevation rather than depletion of brain serotonin by p-iodoamphetamine and failure of uptake inhibitors to modify p chloroamphetamine antagonism of cobalt hypothermia lend further support for a nonserotonergic role of these amines in their ability to antagonize body temperature depression by cobaltous chloride in mice. PMID- 6224928 TI - Treatment of acne vulgaris by biofeedback relaxation and cognitive imagery. AB - A multielement intervention involving biofeedback-assisted relaxation and cognitive imagery treatment of acne vulgaris was investigated in this study with 30 patients receiving medical dermatological treatment. Patients were matched on age, sex, and pre-treatment acne severity and randomly assigned to groups. Treatment consisted of 12 sessions over six weeks and resulted in a significant reduction in acne severity as compared to the attention-comparison and medical control groups. Treatment group patients continuing home practice until follow-up maintained their gains, whereas those who discontinued failed to maintain gains. PMID- 6224929 TI - Evaluating the Malaise Inventory: a comparison of measures of stress. AB - The Malaise Inventory developed by Rutter and his colleagues has been widely used to measure the level of stress experienced by mothers of severely disabled children. The results obtained using the Inventory in a survey of 210 mothers with a disabled child are compared with two alternative measures of stress: a scale of symptoms and the taking of medication related to mental health. Most of the Inventory items and the malaise score--the total number of items reported- are moderately correlated with the other measures of stress. The results obtained from two successive surveys of the sample are compared to check the consistency of the findings. PMID- 6224930 TI - Psychological aspects of acute low back pain in general practice. AB - A prospective controlled study of acute low back pain in general practice was carried out. The presence of psychiatric illness was measured by use of the general health questionnaire (GHQ), by clinical assessment, and personality factors by use of the Eysenck personality inventory (EPI). It was found that overall the amount of psychiatric illness did not differ between patients with back pain and their controls at the time of presentation, although there was a higher prevalence of previous psychiatric illness in the back-pain group. The only difference in the personality factors measured was a higher degree of extraversion in the back-pain patients. PMID- 6224931 TI - Different groups of patients with low back pain. AB - A method of distinguishing between three categories of patients with low back pain as seen in general practice is described. It was found that the main discriminatory factors were based on restricted movement and on a past history of psychiatric illness. The experimental findings are discussed and compared with previous published works. PMID- 6224932 TI - Clioquinol neurotoxicity among multiple sclerosis patients? PMID- 6224933 TI - Septic sacroiliitis. AB - Five patients with septic sacroiliitis, 3 unilateral and 2 bilateral, are described. The illness was acute, with high fever, low back or buttock pain, severe sacroiliac tenderness and elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate. Staphylococcus aureus was isolated from the blood in 3 cases and Salmonella typhi in 1. Diagnosis was confirmed by scintigraphy in 4 cases. Roentgenographic changes developed in 2 patients. Response to antimicrobial therapy was favourable. Awareness of this condition is mandatory for prompt diagnosis and correct therapy. Sacroiliac tenderness with increased radionuclide uptake, high fever and positive blood culture are the primary diagnostic criteria. PMID- 6224934 TI - Pyogenic spinal osteomyelitis--its clinical and radiological presentation. AB - We report 2 cases with different radiological presentations of vertebral pyogenic osteomyelitis. The underlying pathogenic mechanisms are discussed. Bone pain and tenderness associated with an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate are the most frequent clinical features that should alert the clinician to this diagnosis. This condition frequently escapes early diagnosis and is often considered late in the differential diagnosis of back pain. PMID- 6224935 TI - Hepatitis, toxic epidermal necrolysis and pancreatitis in association with sulindac therapy. AB - We report 2 patients who had serious adverse effects after taking sulindac. One of these patients developed toxic hepatitis and Stevens-Johnson/toxic epidermal necrolysis syndrome which resulted in death. Such fatal reaction to sulindac therapy has not been reported previously. There was temporal relation of ingestion of sulindac to 2 episodes of acute pancreatitis in the 2nd patient, strongly suggesting drug induction. Recent reports of similar side effects with other nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs suggest that these drugs may have potentially more serious toxicity than has been recognized. PMID- 6224936 TI - Natural killer cell function and lymphocyte subpopulation profiles in inflammatory bowel disease. AB - Peripheral blood natural killer (NK) cell activity and lymphocyte subpopulation profiles were studied in 23 patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and in 16 healthy control subjects. NK activity was assessed by a 4-hr 51Cr release assay using K-562 erythroleukemia cell line targets. Both monocyte depleted and nondepleted lymphocyte preparations were tested using 50:1 and 25:1 effector to target cell ratios. Lymphocyte subpopulation profiles were determined by incubation of cell suspensions with the monoclonal anti-lymphocyte antibodies (OK M1, OK-T4, Leu-4 and Leu-2) labeling with goat anti-mouse FITC and sorting by flow cytometry on the fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS). NK activity in patients with IBD showed wide variation, but mean activity was not significantly different from normal controls. Analysis of patient subgroups by disease activity, disease type, duration or treatment also failed to reveal significant differences from controls. Parallel measurements of peripheral blood lymphocyte subpopulations using these phenotypic markers revealed no significant differences between patients with IBD and control subjects. PMID- 6224937 TI - Plasma from insulin-dependent diabetics inhibits theophylline sensitive T lymphocytes demonstrated in E-rosette assay. AB - This study concerns the effect of plasma from patients with insulin-dependent (type 1) diabetes mellitus (IDDM) on the capacity of normal donor lymphocytes to form rosettes with sheep erythrocytes. Parallel incubations were made of normal allogeneic peripheral lymphocytes with plasma from patients with IDDM and from normal donors. Lymphocytes incubated with plasma from 16 patients with newly diagnosed IDDM displayed a mean rosette formation percentage of 48 +/- 2, but 54 +/- 1 when incubated with control plasma (p less than 0.01). Repeated study in the same patients in the remission period gave similar findings; 46 +/- 2 and 53 +/- 2 (p less than 0.01) respectively. After fractionation of the donor lymphocytes, the reduced rosette formation percentage, after incubation with plasma from the diabetics, was found to be within the theophylline sensitive fraction of the lymphocytes, while the rosette formation percentage in the theophylline resistant fraction was normal. The reduction in rosette formation capacity at the time of diagnosis seemed to be independent of the tissue type of the patient. No relationships were apparent between rosette formation percentages and C-peptide, blood glucose values or glucosuria, neither at time of diagnosis nor in the remission period. The glycaemic control was found to be of no significance in rosette formation percentages in a triple study of 7 patients; first badly controlled, then very well controlled, and, finally again poorly controlled, though without severe ketoacidosis. The theophylline sensitive fraction of T-lymphocytes has been assumed to include suppressor T-cells. It is not known at present whether the described inhibition of these lymphocytes is of any pathogenetic significance. PMID- 6224938 TI - Radiotherapy and persistent reduction of peripheral T cells. PMID- 6224939 TI - Involvement of Escherichia coli K-12 DNA polymerase I in the growth of bacteriophage Mu. AB - We examined several aspects of bacteriophage Mu development in Escherichia coli strains that carry mutations in the polA structural gene for DNA polymerase I (PolI). We found that polA mutants were markedly less efficient than PolI wild type (PolI+) strains in their capacity to form stable Mu lysogens and to support normal lytic growth of phage Mu. The frequency of lysogenization was determined for polA mutants and their isogenic PolI+ derivatives, with the result that mutants were lysogenized 3 to 8 times less frequently than were PolI+ cells. In one-step growth experiments, we found that phage Mu grew less efficiently in polA cells than in PolI+ cells, as evidenced by a 50 to 100% increase in the latent period and a 20 to 40% decrease in mean burst size in mutant cells. A further difference noted in infected polA strains was a 10-fold reduction in the frequency of Mu-mediated transposition of chromosomal genes to an F plasmid. Pulse labeling and DNA-DNA hybridization assays to measure the rate of phage Mu DNA synthesis after the induction of thermosensitive prophages indicated that phage Mu replication began at about the same time in both polA and PolI+ strains, but proceeded at a slower rate in polA cells. We conclude that PolI is normally involved in the replication and integration of phage Mu. However, since phage Mu does not exhibit an absolute requirement for normal levels of PolI, it appears that residual PolI activity in the mutant strains, other cellular enzymes, or both can partially compensate for the absence of normal PolI activity. PMID- 6224940 TI - Mutations in the J-F intercistronic region of bacteriophages phi X174 and G4 affect the regulation of gene expression. AB - The J-F intercistronic region of the genomes of bacteriophages phi X174 and G4 is transcribed but not translated. It contains the potential for a perfectly base paired hairpin structure, which has been proposed to act as a terminator of transcription or as a regulatory region for mRNA turnover (or both). We measured phage-specific protein synthesis in mutants with modifications of the hairpin sequence and found a relative decrease in the expression of the upstream gene D as compared to the downstream genes F, G, and H in all mutants. The mutations also appeared to affect the efficiency of the gene F ribosome-binding site. These data strongly support the regulatory significance of the J-F intercistronic region and the putative hairpin structure therein. PMID- 6224942 TI - Enhancement of the bladder defense mechanism by an exogenous agent. AB - The mucopolysaccharide layer produced by the transitional cells coating the bladder plays an important role in the defense mechanism of the lower urinary tract. Carbenoxolone, a drug derived from licorice, has been shown to be beneficial to patients with peptic ulcer disease by stimulating increased mucous production in the stomach. Since the bladder epithelium has an endodermal derivation, the question of whether carbenoxolone has an effect on the mucopolysaccharide layer in the bladder was put forth. Carbenoxolone was shown to provide a protective effect to laboratory-induced lower urinary tract infections in the rabbit model. PMID- 6224941 TI - Role for the J-F intercistronic region of bacteriophages phi X174 and G4 in stability of mRNA. AB - A hairpin-like secondary structure in the intercistronic region between genes J and F of bacteriophages, phi X174 and G4 has been postulated to act as a transcription termination signal. We analyzed the in vivo transcripts of both phages and mutants derived from them with modifications of this hairpin structure. The phi X174 mutants appeared to fall into two groups with respect to the stability of two mRNA species. Class 1 mutants showed an mRNA profile very similar to the parental strain, whereas class 2 mutants lacked two major mRNA species normally terminated near the J-F region. The G4 mutants behaved like class 2 mutants of phi X174. Analysis of the stability of phi X174 mRNA revealed that messages specific for the genes upstream of the hairpin turn over more rapidly in class 2 mutants than in class 1 mutants. In class 1 mutants, the mRNA decay rates are similar but not identical to those of the wild-type strain. These data suggest a role for the nucleotide sequence within the J-F intercistronic region in mRNA degradation. They further imply that transcription termination occurs downstream from this site. PMID- 6224943 TI - Intervention in patients with renovascular hypertension and renal insufficiency. AB - We report on 21 severely hypertensive patients with renal artery stenosis and renal insufficiency in whom percutaneous transluminal angioplasty and/or renal artery surgery was done in an effort to lower blood pressure and to preserve renal function. Of 12 patients who underwent angioplasty renal function and blood pressure improved in 3. Of the 9 patients without improvement 4 suffered permanent oliguric renal failure. An operation was performed in 12 patients, 4 after having failed angioplasty (1 was treated at another institution before referral for surgery). Two patients died postoperatively but 10 improved, with followup in 6 exceeding 3 years. This retrospective experience suggests that percutaneous transluminal angioplasty is not likely to supplant an operation in the treatment of patients with atherosclerotic renovascular hypertension and renal insufficiency. PMID- 6224944 TI - [An autopsy case of atypical adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) with skin lesions of 15 years' duration and renal failure]. PMID- 6224945 TI - [Improved hemolysis after splenectomy in a patient of hereditary elliptocytosis with increased Na flux and ATPase activity in red cell membranes]. PMID- 6224946 TI - [A family study of G-6-PD deficiency associated with increased erythrocyte ATPase activities and reduced blood ATP levels]. PMID- 6224948 TI - [Role of macrophages in the immune network]. PMID- 6224947 TI - [The antigen recognition mechanism and regulation of immune responses]. PMID- 6224949 TI - [Immunoregulatory deviations and autoimmune diseases]. PMID- 6224950 TI - [Analysis of suppressor T cell functions in SLE]. PMID- 6224951 TI - [Prospects and progress in the studies of respiratory immunology]. PMID- 6224952 TI - [Clinical and pathological study of immune complex disease]. PMID- 6224953 TI - Induction of suppressor T cells by anti-globoside antibodies in cancer sera. AB - T cells treated with cancer sera frequently suppressed immunoglobulin production by autologous lymphocytes stimulated with pokeweed mitogen. Sera from healthy individuals did not induce suppressor activity. This suppression is not caused by TG cells (T cells bearing receptors for the Fc portion of immunoglobulin G [IgG]) interacting with immune complexes, because we used T cells depleted of TG cells. The suppressor-inducing factors were separated into an IgG-containing fraction and a fraction with a smaller molecular weight. IgG fractions from all sera that were positive for anti-globoside antibody induced suppressor T cells, and elimination of the anti-globoside antibody from these IgG fractions reduced the ability to induce suppressor T cells. T cells treated with rabbit anti-globoside antiserum also activated suppressor T cells. These observations indicate that the antibodies directed to the globoside antigen on suppressor T cells stimulate the suppressor T cells, and that anti-globoside antibody in cancer sera may play a role in causing immunodeficiency in cancer patients. PMID- 6224954 TI - In vivo antitumor activity of neocarzinostatin (NCS)-tumor antibody conjugate against a transplantable human leukemia cell line (BALL-1). AB - The in vivo antitumor activity of NCS-immune immunoglobulin G (IgG) [Neocarzinostatin (NCS) conjugated with rabbit IgG antibody against a human leukemia cell line (NALL-1)] was evaluated in immunosuppressed newborn Syrian hamsters into which a transplantable human leukemia cell line, BALL-1 was implanted. After intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of the conjugate, hamsters preinoculated i.p. with BALL-1 cells survived longer than hamsters treated with control solutions (p less than 0.01). The control solutions were NCS, immune IgG, a mixture of NCS and immune IgG, NCS-normal IgG conjugate and physiological saline. There was no change in body weight in the NCS-immune IgG-treated hamsters. The growth of subcutaneously (s.c.) implanted BALL-1 tumors was also inhibited by i.p. administration of NCS-immune IgG; however, the degree of inhibition was not significantly different from that obtained by administration of NCS alone, a mixture of NCS and immune IgG or NCS-normal IgG conjugate. These results indicate that NCS-immune IgG was effective against i.p. BALL-1 tumors, but was less effective against s.c. implanted tumors. PMID- 6224955 TI - [Successful management of Budd-Chiari syndrome with percutaneous transluminal angioplasty]. PMID- 6224956 TI - [Organometric evaluation of heart changes during systematic physical exercise]. AB - Hearts from 23 athletes who had died of traumas were investigated using a morphometric approach that involves external and internal macro-changes measurement, plani-and gravimetry, histostereometry, and morpho-statistical treatment. Hypertrophic heart was found in all the cases, while the ratios between quantitative parameters of individual heart muscle departments, as well as nuclear-cytoplasmatic and stromal-parenchymatous relationships and myocardial blood supply were within normal range. It was demonstrated that only a certain portion of myocardial muscular cells, responsible for intensified operation, became hypertrophic in response to systematic exercise. PMID- 6224957 TI - [The functional state of the myocardium and ECG manifestations of its ischemia during an exercise test in patients with ischemic heart disease]. AB - The area of exercise-associated ischemia in coronary patients was shown to depend on both total heart arterial damage and functional status of the myocardium. Stress related electrocardiographic ST depression in a limited number of leads was associated with satisfactory myocardial function. Generalized exercise induced ischemia developed where left-ventricular myocardial function was disturbed significantly. Changes in erythrocyte calcium concentrations were the greatest in those patients whose myocardial function was disordered considerably. PMID- 6224958 TI - [Clinico-epidemiological characteristics of ischemic heart disease in men of different age groups from the data of a single screening of a random population]. AB - A total of 742 men, aged 20-69 and representative of a random male population from a Leningrad district, were investigated. The incidence of coronary disease was 3.2% in subjects aged 20-29, and 33.3% in those aged 60-69. In 40-49-year olds, coronary disease was mostly manifested in angina of effort (57.9%), whereas painless forms reflected in ECG at rest prevailed (55-58.5% in men above 50 years of age. The frequency of ischemic response to the treadmill test increases with advancing age (8.3% in subjects aged 40-49 and 28.2% at age 60-69). The results of the WHO Questionnaire on Angina of Effort demonstrate that ECG at rest and exercise tests are mutually complementary procedures for epidemiologic diagnosis of coronary disease, their combination ensuring the fullest possible identification of coronary disease in population screenings. PMID- 6224959 TI - Mediation of proteinuria in membranous nephropathy due to a planted glomerular antigen. PMID- 6224960 TI - Identification of a monocyte phagocytic defect in a subpopulation of patients with nephritis. AB - Experimental studies have demonstrated the cardinal role played by the mononuclear phagocyte system in the removal of antigen-antibody complexes. To assess the functional capacity of phagocytes in patients with renal disease, 33 normal subjects, 10 patients with mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis, 8 patients with membranous nephropathy, and 8 patients with moderately severe chronic renal failure were studied by an in vitro assay, measuring the ability of isolated monocytes to ingest sheep erythrocytes coated with IgG antibody and to phagocytize latex beads. Monocytes from four patients with mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis and one patient with membranous nephropathy exhibited a subnormal capacity to ingest the antibody-coated erythrocytes. Additionally, monocytes from two of the four patients with mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis and a defect in ingesting sensitized erythrocytes had a subnormal capacity to phagocytize latex beads. The results are interpreted in the context of a hypothesis which suggests that patients with immune nephritis show various forms of immune deficit. PMID- 6224961 TI - Noninvasive diagnosis of renal vein thrombosis by ultrasonic echo-Doppler flowmetry. PMID- 6224962 TI - [Diagnosis of closed injuries to the abdominal organs in children]. PMID- 6224963 TI - [Vladimir Semenovich Levit (on the centenary of his birth)]. PMID- 6224964 TI - Effect of dehydroepiandrosterone on hereditary angioedema. AB - Hereditary angioneurotic edema (HAE) is a complement-related clinical disorder with a deficiency of the C1 esterase inhibitor protein. Eight patients with severe attacks of the disease were treated with the adrenal "androgen" dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DS). Steroid therapy for 3-28 months resulted in dramatic improvement in their clinical state and a moderate increase in the serum concentration of C1 inhibitor. There was a significant increase in the serum level of either unconjugated dehydroepiandrosterone (D) or of DS during treatment. PMID- 6224965 TI - Components of subendothelial aorta basement membrane. Immunohistochemical localization and role in cell attachment. AB - Cryosections of fetal and adult bovine aorta were stained with purified, cross absorbed antibodies against various connective tissue components. The antibodies to the basement membrane components, laminin, heparan sulfate proteoglycan, and type IV collagen, gave a sharp reaction in the subendothelial layer. Antibodies against type III procollagen showed a broad endothelial staining, and staining was also seen in the media layer. A similar staining reaction was seen with antibodies against fibronectin. Bovine fetal aortic endothelial (BAE) cells were isolated and cultured in vitro. The cells became stained by the indirect immunofluorescence method with antibodies against laminin and heparan sulfate proteoglycan and also with antibodies against types III and IV collagen and type I procollagen, as in previously reported experiments. The attachment properties of endothelial cells to the same extracellular matrix components were also studied. BAE cells became attached most readily to surfaces coated with fibronectin or type III or type IV collagen. Laminin and collagen types I and V served as less effective substrates. Attachment to heparan sulfate proteoglycan was slowest of the tested components. The results of the study demonstrate that the BAE cells are associated with basement membranes in vivo. The BAE cells in culture produced interstitial connective tissue components in addition to basement membrane components and showed no clear specific preference in their attachment to any of these. PMID- 6224966 TI - Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) for treatment of claudication. PMID- 6224967 TI - A noninvasive acoustic method using frequency perturbations and computer generated vocal-tract shapes. AB - This study investigated improved processing of acoustic data with two adult Down's syndrome subjects. Sustained vowel samples were processed through a fast Fourier-transform spectrum analyzer, and digital waveform data were used to obtain period-by-period measurements of the fundamental frequencies. Unusual frequency perturbation (jitter), later identified as diplophonia, was found for one of the Down's subjects. In addition, the first three formant frequencies of the vowels were determined and, utilizing an algorithm described by Ladefoged and his colleagues, computer-generated vocal-tract shapes were plotted. Differences in vocal-tract shapes, especially for the back vowels, were observed between the Down's female and the normal shape. Correlations between vocal-tract shapes of the Down's subjects and those for a normal man or woman were computed. A partial three-way factor analysis was carried out to determine those load factors or coefficients for each subject that were due to individual differences. These procedures, offering synthesized techniques portraying the interpharyngeal/oral functioning of the speech structures, may eventually have direct noninvasive diagnostic and therapeutic benefit for voice/resonance-disordered clients. PMID- 6224968 TI - Lung transplantation in the rat. III. Functional studies in iso- and allografts. AB - Recently a microsurgical technique for orthotopic left lung transplantation in the rat was developed. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of the operation itself and of an unmodified rejection reaction on the function of the transplanted rat lung. Orthotopic left lung transplantation was performed in 59 rats (34 isografts and 25 allografts). Isografts demonstrated a mean left lung perfusion of 23.1% in the first two postoperative weeks. Seven out of the 10 animals, subjected to a repeated scintigraphy 5-10 weeks later, had an increased graft perfusion, resulting in an almost normal mean left lung perfusion of 34.8%. At that time chest roentgenography revealed a good aeration of the grafts, that at autopsy had a normal aspect. Allografts showed an initial mean left lung perfusion (24.6%) similar to the isografts, which, however, declined sharply a few days later (4.3%). At that time chest roentgenography revealed totally opalescent grafts that at autopsy had the hepatized aspect characteristic of lung allograft rejection. These results of isogeneic and allogeneic lung transplantation in the rat were comparable with those of canine auto- and allotransplantation. For immunogenetic and economical reasons lung transplantation in the rat is a good alternative animal model in lung transplantation research. PMID- 6224969 TI - Recent applications of N.M.R. to the investigation of steroid structures. AB - A detailed and clear understanding of the solution state structure and conformation of steroids is now possible. This is achieved using high field super conducting magnets and sophisticated computer control systems in nuclear magnetic resonance (n.m.r.) spectroscopy. The combination of greater signal dispersion and sensitivity obtained at high magnetic fields (cf. greater than 9.4 T--1H resonant frequency 400 MHz) has increased the utility of traditional assignment techniques such as nuclear Overhauser enhancement (nOe) and spin decoupling measurements. It has also permitted the application of various two dimensional (2D) n.m.r. experiments and resulted in complete unambiguous analysis of the proton spectra of various steroids [1-3]. The power of the various methods is illustrated by their application to the solution conformation of 17 alpha-acetoxy-6 alpha methylpregn-4-en-3,20-dione (Medroxyprogesterone acetate, MPA). PMID- 6224970 TI - Is the 5 alpha-reductase of the hypothalamus and of the anterior pituitary neurally regulated? Effects of hypothalamic deafferentations and of centrally acting drugs. AB - The following experiments have been performed in order to verify whether the conversion of testosterone into its 5 alpha-reduced metabolites, 5 alpha androstane-17 beta-ol-3-one (DHT), 5 alpha-androstane-3 alpha,17 beta-diol (3 alpha-diol) and 5 alpha-androstane-3 beta,17 beta-diol (3 beta-diol), in the hypothalamus and in the anterior pituitary is controlled by neural stimuli. Long term castrated male rats have been submitted to anterior and total deafferentations of the hypothalamus and to the administration of the following centrally acting drugs: reserpine, p-chlorophenylalanine pCPA and atropine sulphate. The possible involvement of the central opioid system has also been investigated utilizing morphine and naloxone. Neither hypothalamic deafferentations, nor the treatment with reserpine, pCPA, atropine, morphine or naloxone produce any significant modification in the metabolism of testosterone in the hypothalamus. Hypothalamic deafferentations and treatments with reserpine, morphine and naloxone are also ineffective in changing the pattern of testosterone metabolism in the anterior pituitary. On the contrary, atropine and pCPA seem to affect the conversion of testosterone in the gland, both drugs producing an increased formation of DHT and 3 alpha-diol but not of 3 beta-diol. It is concluded that the 5 alpha-reductase-3-hydroxysteroid-dehydrogenase system of the hypothalamus does not appear to be controlled either neurally by inputs coming from other brain structures, or by variations of the neurotransmitter content in the hypothalamus itself. Serotonin and acetylcholine seem to participate in the control of testosterone metabolism at pituitary level, even if it is not clear whether their action takes place directly on the gland, or is mediated through some hypothalamic factor(s). Moreover, it does not appear that brain opioids are involved in the control of the enzymatic complex under consideration either in the hypothalamus or in the anterior pituitary. PMID- 6224971 TI - Pharmacological basis for clinical use of antiandrogens. AB - The first antiandrogen which was also of clinical interest--cyproterone acetate (CPA)--was discovered at the beginning of the 60th. CPA acts in all target organs for androgens and in principle affects all functions which are governed or influenced by androgens under physiological or pathophysiological conditions. EXAMPLES: Accessory sexual gland function and spermatogenesis are inhibited, there is a loss of libido in most species, the onset of puberty and bone maturation is delayed, sebaceous gland function and lipogenesis is inhibited, androgen mediated steps in male sexual differentiation do not occur. CPA is also a highly effective progestrogen and it inhibits gonadotrophine secretion. The progestational partial effect is especially important for the use of this drug in women in the treatment of certain dermatological disorders. CPA has certain glucocorticoid-like properties in animals. In humans these effects were only seen under high-dose therapy of children with precocious puberty (greater than 80 to 100 mg/m3 body area) but never in adults. Proven indications for CPA: Prostatic carcinoma, precocious puberty, hypersexuality and sexual deviations, androgenization in women (hirsutism, acne, seborrhoea oleosa, alopecia androgentica). PMID- 6224972 TI - On some useful statistical techniques in the analysis of hormone data. AB - Three multivariate statistical techniques, which have been found very useful in the analysis of hormone data, are demonstrated. The value of these techniques as a means of compressing the information contained in a complex array of experimental units and variates into a few "dimensions" is emphasised. PMID- 6224973 TI - Steroid inhibitors of androgen-potentiated actions on skin. AB - Antiandrogens, such as cyproterone acetate, and oestrogens both inhibit sebaceous secretion in rats and have a potentiality for the treatment of hirsutism and acne in the human female. However, they act at different points. In castrated rats treated with testosterone, 3 micrograms/day oestradiol produced a greater decrease in sebum secretion than a dose of cyproterone acetate over 1000 times larger; moreover the antiandrogen reduced the incidence of sebaceous mitoses whereas the oestradiol did not. In hirsute women, oral administration of 100 mg of cyproterone acetate daily caused a 40% reduction in sebum secretion within 10 days; a further 20% was subsequently produced by combined therapy with cyproterone acetate and ethinyloestradiol. Significant decreases in the diameter and rate of growth of thigh hairs were not established until around the fourth monthly cycle of treatment. The actions were believed to be mainly peripheral, though contributory factors could also have been the small but significant reductions in plasma androgens produced by the antiandrogen, and the marked rise in sex hormone binding globulin produced by the oestrogen. That it is theoretically possible for cyproterone acetate or oestradiol to act locally follows from an unequivocal demonstration that either compound produced a local depression of sebum secretion when applied topically to rats. PMID- 6224974 TI - Antiandrogens in the treatment of acne and hirsutism. AB - The review discusses (1) the relationship between the endocrine actions of antiandrogens and their therapeutic efficacy and (2) recent chemical and pharmacokinetic data on cyproterone acetate (CPA). It also provides (3) a comparison of CPA and spironolactone regarding the tentative benefits and risks and offers (4) general rules for the drug treatment of androgenized women. Clinical results indicate that those agents are most effective which not only competitively inhibit androgen binding at the receptor level but also suppress androgen secretion and/or production. The combined mode of action is observed with CPA as well as spironolactone. Pharmacokinetic studies underline the necessity to restrict CPA administration in huge doses to the first half of a treatment cycle in order to avoid bleeding disturbances. Also it appears that individual differences in CPA bioavailability do not satisfactorily explain the lack of therapeutic response in about 30% of the cases. Data are presented hinting that the 15 beta-hydroxy-, metabolite of CPA may actually be the biologically active agent. In addition preliminary results are given indicating that intramuscular CPA is therapeutically more effective than oral CPA. PMID- 6224976 TI - Characterization of the major steroids present in amniotic fluid obtained between the 15th and 17th weeks of gestation. AB - In pooled amniotic fluid obtained between the 15th and 17th weeks of gestation the concentration of free steroids and steroid glucuronides was found to be 40 micrograms/dl. The concentration of steroid monosulfates and disulfates was 19 micrograms/dl. About half of the characterized steroids are progesterone metabolites. The "fetal type" 3 beta-hydroxy-5-ene steroids were found exclusively in the sulfoconjugated form. Their concentration represents 20% of the total steroid content. The identification of two 15 beta-hydroxylated C21 steroids, 3 beta,15 beta,17 alpha-tridoxy-5-pregnen-20-one and 5-pregnene-3 beta,15 beta,17 alpha,20 alpha-tetrol isolated from mid-pregnancy amniotic fluid is reported here. Metabolites of cortisol and 17-deoxycorticosteroid metabolites had similar quantitative importance, 8.6 and 9.4%, respectively. PMID- 6224977 TI - Properties of porcine liver and testicular steroid sulphotransferases: reaction conditions and influence of naturally occurring steroids and steroid sulphates. AB - Sulphotransferase activity has been assayed in porcine liver and testis cytosol using either 3'-phosphoadenosine-5'-phospho [35S]sulphate (PAPS) or unlabelled PAPS as sulphate donors. In porcine liver the sulphotransferase for DHA was linear for up to 10 min, the optimum pH was 7.7 and optimum temperature, 37 degrees C. The apparent Km value was found to be 91 mumol/l and the activity was inhibited non-competitively by 5 alpha-androst-16-en-3 beta-yl sulphate, with all concentrations used (0.02-25 mumol/l) inhibiting the enzyme to the same extent. Time courses for sulphoconjugation of pregnenolone and 5 alpha-androst-16-en-3 beta-ol were linear for up to at least 10 min or up to only 5 min, respectively. The optimum pH values and temperatures were pH 8.0 and 37 degrees C in each case. The porcine testicular sulphotransferase activity for DHA as substrate was linear with time up to 10 min, the apparent Km for the reaction was 2 mumol/l and apparent Vmax 10 nmol/l/mg/min. 5 alpha-Androst-16-en-3 beta-yl sulphate (11.3 45.2 mumol/l) failed to inhibit the enzyme activity. The time-course for the reaction, when pregnenolone was used as substrate, was also linear up to 10 min at the optimum pH 8.0 but, in contrast to the reaction when DHA was the substrate, had an apparent Km of 20 mumol/l and was inhibited by pregnenolone sulphate, 5 alpha-androst-16-en-3 beta-yl sulphate, DHA and 5 alpha-androst-16-en 3 beta-ol, but not by DHA sulphate. 5 alpha-Androst-16-en-3 beta-yl sulphate inhibited the reaction non-competitively and to the same extent at concentrations over the range 11.3-45.2 mumol/l. These data suggest that DHA and pregnenolone may not be sulphoconjugated by the same sulphotransferase. With 5 alpha-androst 16-en-3 beta-ol as substrate, the time-course for its sulphate formation was linear up to 15 min, and this reaction could explain the quantities of 5 alpha androst-16-en-3 beta-yl sulphate that are found endogenously in porcine testis. Our results further suggest that these quantities could well inhibit the sulphation of pregnenolone in porcine testis in vivo, and the possibility of control of sulphoconjugation in this tissue is discussed. Having regard to the smaller quantities of 5 alpha-androst-16-en-3 beta-yl sulphate present in porcine liver, our results suggest that the sulphation of DHA there may not be so much affected. PMID- 6224975 TI - Transformation of dehydroepiandrosterone into dihydrotestosterone by isolated cells from rat preputial gland. AB - After the rat preputial gland was treated with collagenase and trypsin, five bands of cells were isolated by centrifugation in Ficoll gradients. Homogenates of the heavier cells (Bands IV and V) which contained less lipids, were more active than the homogenates of the lighter cells (Bands I, II and III) in transforming [1,2-3H]-dehydroepiandrosterone ([1,2-3H]-DHA) into [3H] androstenedione and [3H]-testosterone and the latter into [3H] dihydrotestosterone (DHT). In the presence of NAD, NADH and NADPH-generating system, [1,2-3H]-DHA was transformed into [3H]-DHT in 50-60% yield by homogenates of cells in Bands IV and V. DHT levels in the preputial gland were measured by radioimmunoassay. The levels in female rats reduced by 77% from 3.14 +/- 0.27 to 0.72 +/- 0.10 pg/mg tissue after adrenalectomy, and by 45% to 1.71 +/- 0.10 pg/mg tissue after ovariectomy. In male rats, the level reduced by 15% from 4.58 +/- 0.55 to 3.88 +/- 0.62 pg/mg tissue after adrenalectomy and by 40% to 2.74 +/- 0.21 pg/mg tissue after orchidectomy. These results demonstrated the transformation of DHA into DHT in the preputial gland of the rat, and that the adrenal is an important source of precursor steroid (DHA) for DHT formation in the preputial gland. PMID- 6224978 TI - Comparison of serum steroid responses to a single injection of hCG in man and rat. AB - The responses of peripheral serum steroids to a single injection of hCG (80 IU/kg b wt) were compared in adult male rats and humans. Before hCG, the quantitatively dominating steroids were dehydroepiandrosterone, testosterone and 17 hydroxypregnenolone in the men, and testosterone and progesterone in the rats. One hour after hCG the concentrations of testosterone and all its precursors measured except for pregnenolone were significantly elevated in the rat serum, whereas a clear rapid response was not observed in the men. Transient blockade of C21 steroid side-chain cleavage was seen in both species at about 24-36 h after hCG, which occurred at the same time as the maximum concentration of estradiol in the men. No changes in rat serum estradiol concentrations were observed. Both species showed a secondary stimulation of testosterone and androstenedione formation at around 3 days. Our findings are compatible with the concept that the main difference in the gonadotropin-stimulated steroidogenesis in man and rat is the magnitude of the rapid steroidogenic response to hCG, which is very small in man and indicates smaller supply or lesser metabolism of mitochondrial cholesterol in human testis. PMID- 6224979 TI - Active site-directed irreversible inhibition of 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase from human placenta. AB - To obtain a placental microsome preparation able to convert androstenedione and testosterone specifically to estrogens, 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase must be eliminated. After solubilisation by Triton X-100, the remaining 3 beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity is inhibited by 11 alpha bromoacetoxyprogesterone, an alkylating analogue of progesterone, which behaves as an irreversible active site-directed inhibitor. The enzyme is protected against inactivation and alkylation by steroid and coenzyme substrates. The inhibition is specific to 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and the estrogen synthetase (aromatase) activity contained in the preparation is not affected by this inhibitor. PMID- 6224980 TI - The relationship of histamine H2 receptor-bearing suppressor cells with the growth and metastasis of FANFT-induced bladder cancer. AB - A poorly differentiated transitional cell carcinoma in C3H/He mice results from the oral ingestion of the urinary tract carcinogen FANFT. This model, designated MBT2, is readily transplantable into syngeneic animals and has proven to be very useful in the development of chemotherapy. Prior to the use of this model for the testing of potential immunotherapeutic strategies, we have attempted to characterize the immunobiology of this tumor line. We report that the primary growth of this tumor in the footpad and its metastasis to lung are correlated with the development of increased numbers of suppressor cells, characterized by the expression of a surface histamine H2 receptor. These cells are originally evident in spleen and become maximal approximately 4 weeks after tumor implantation. This is followed by the migration of these cells from spleen to peripheral blood, an event that parallels the growth and eventual metastasis of this implanted transitional cell carcinoma. These events may have important significance for the development of immunomodulating therapy against bladder cancer. PMID- 6224981 TI - Pulmonary artery balloon counterpulsation for right ventricular failure. An experimental evaluation. AB - Right ventricular (RV) failure frequently occurs in patients undergoing correction of congenital cardiac defects, as well as in other clinical settings. RV hypertrophy was created in 10 neonatal lambs by pulmonary artery (PA) banding. Twelve months later RV hypertrophy was present (RV weight/body weight = 2.71 +/- 0.31 gm/kg); RV systolic pressures were elevated (65 +/- 9 mm Hg) and the average gradient across the PA band was 38 +/- 9 mm Hg. RV failure was produced in all animals by performing a right ventriculotomy. Four unassisted (control) animals died shortly after separation from bypass. Six experimental animals underwent pulmonary artery balloon counterpulsation (PABCP). A Dacron graft anastomosed to the proximal PA served as a reservoir for a 40 ml intra-aortic balloon pump system. PABCP effectively reversed RV failure, low cardiac output, and systemic arterial hypotension. Periods with PABCP on and off in each animal were compared. PABCP increased cardiac output from 1.45 +/- 0.16 to 2.03 +/- 0.13 L/min (p less than 0.0001) and increased aortic systolic pressure from 78 +/- 7 to 99 +/- 6 mm Hg (p less than 0.0004). PABCP produced a significant reduction in RV peak systolic pressure from 56 +/- 5 to 41 +/- 3 mm Hg (p less than 0.0001). PA peak pressure distal to the band increased from 31 +/- 2 to 40 +/- 1 mm Hg (p less than 0.0001). Right atrial pressure decreased from 14 +/- 1 to 11 +/- 1 mm Hg (p less than 0.0001) with PABCP, and RV end-diastolic pressure fell from 15 +/- 1 to 11 +/- 1 mm Hg (p less than 0.0001). RV stroke work index increased 49% from 0.081 +/- 0.011 to 0.121 +/- 0.017 gm X m/kg/beat (p less than 0.01), and RV systolic pressure time index decreased 38% from 1140 +/- 79 to 710 +/- 65 mm Hg sec/min (p less than 0.0001). Thus PABCP in the presence of RV dysfunction can produce substantial improvement in RV function and in overall cardiac function and may prove clinically useful in managing patients in refractory RV failure. PMID- 6224982 TI - Comparison of early and long-term results with intraoperative transluminal balloon catheter dilatation and coronary artery bypass grafting. AB - Twenty-six patients with chronic stable angina underwent intraoperative coronary artery balloon catheter dilatation and concomitant coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). In one patient (3.8%) the catheter could not be passed through the arterial narrowing, and in two patients (8%) early angiographic evidence for arterial damage was detected. Postoperative angiographic data were available in 85% of patients early (mean 10 days) and in 50% of patients late (mean 12 months). Early results showed one perioperative myocardial infarction, 100% relief of angina, and no operative mortality. Compared to preoperative studies, of 23 angiographically visualized distal narrowings dilated in an antegrade fashion, 12 (52%) were unchanged, two (9%) were worse, and nine (39%) were improved. Those arterial segments with discrete distal narrowings (n = 13) had better angiographic results than those with diffuse distal narrowings (n = 9). In 49% of the former and in 22% of the latter arterial narrowings, improvement (increased luminal diameter) was documented postoperatively. In addition, there were four proximal narrowings which were dilated in a retrograde fashion; three were unchanged and one was improved compared to preoperative studies. Only one of 27 dilated segments (3%) was totally occluded postoperatively. Late results showed two patients (8%) developed recurrent chest pain and one patient (4%) died related to congestive heart failure. The two patients who had angiographically documented coronary arterial intimal injury showed evidence of resolution at late study. In 13 distal narrowings, six (46%) were unchanged, three (23%) were worse, and four (31%) were improved compared to the preoperative appearance. In 10 distal narrowings visualized both early and late postoperatively, nine were unchanged and one was worse. In summary, coronary artery balloon catheter dilatation during CABG is relatively safe and is associated with acceptable clinical results. Angiographic evidence for improvement is less than symptomatic relief postoperatively. Therefore, objective evaluation may be necessary for accurate determination of operative results. The need for a national registry related to intraoperative angioplasty is probably warranted. PMID- 6224983 TI - Balloon angioplasty in multivessel coronary artery disease. AB - Coronary angioplasty with use of the balloon catheter was initially performed only in patients with single-vessel coronary artery disease. Most symptomatic patients with coronary artery disease who require revascularization for control of their symptoms, however, have stenoses in more than one major coronary artery. Therefore, we have evaluated the results of balloon angioplasty in patients with multivessel disease. Of 261 patients who underwent percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty at our institution up to February 1983, 100 had multivessel disease. Of these 100 patients, 72 had an initially successful procedure, defined as successful dilation of one or more major coronary arteries without significant complication. Of the remaining 28 patients, 25 underwent coronary artery bypass grafting (6 on an urgent basis for coronary occlusion). No deaths occurred. In selected patients with multivessel disease, coronary angioplasty is associated with low morbidity and mortality and might be an excellent alternative to coronary artery bypass grafting when medical treatment fails. Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty merits the critical comparison with standard therapy that can be achieved only in a properly designed clinical trial. PMID- 6224984 TI - Peripheral arthritis in ankylosing spondylitis. A review of 209 patients followed up for more than 20 years. AB - Charts of 209 patients with ankylosing spondylitis were reviewed with regard to the occurrence of seronegative peripheral arthritis. Peripheral arthritis, excluding hip and shoulder involvement, occurred in 67 of the 209 patients (32%). No relationship was found between the age at onset of spondylitis and the onset of the peripheral arthritis. Among the 67 patients with peripheral arthritis, 19 (28%) had recurrent flares. X-ray findings similar to those of rheumatoid arthritis were seen in 22 patients (33%) with peripheral arthritis. Confusion about the cause of the peripheral arthritis frequently arose in patients who had the onset of the disease when the spondylitis was in remission. PMID- 6224985 TI - Balloon angioplasty in multivessel coronary artery disease. PMID- 6224986 TI - The effects of histones, in vitro age, and culture state on the digestion of DNA by micrococcal nuclease and deoxyribonuclease I. AB - Nuclei from confluent and mitotically arrested populations of human diploid fibroblast-like cells were subjected to digestion by micrococcal nuclease and deoxyribonuclease (DNase I) following the removal of various histone components by salt extraction. There was no age or culture state variation in the susceptibility of DNA to micrococcal nuclease digestion. There was an age related inhibition of DNA digestion by DNase I in nuclei from older confluent cells before and after the removal of H1 histone but not after the removal of core particle histones. This inhibition was not detected in older arrested populations. These results indicate that an age-related masking by nucleosome core histones may limit the accessibility of DNA to enzymatic activities in older confluent cells. Since this inhibition was absent in older arrested populations, the importance of limited DNA accessibility as a primary cause of cellular senescence is questionable. PMID- 6224987 TI - Response to pulsatile flow of a miniaturised electromagnetic blood flow sensor studied by means of a laser-Doppler method. PMID- 6224988 TI - [A case of myelo-optic neuropathy preceded by abdominal symptoms]. PMID- 6224989 TI - [Ampicillin and infectious mononucleosis. Skin manifestations]. AB - Cutaneous reaction by ampicillin, do present themselves with a greater frequency than other penicillin derivates and in general rule they are of the urticaria or exanthematous type. The administration to patients with infective mononucleosis or when it is applied together with allopurinol, the risk of cutaneous reactions is greater. There appears a twenty year old, female patient, who by reason of a febrile reaction with odinofagia, is medicated with ampicillin of 1500 milligrams daily, and this unchains generalized morbilliform exantheme, lightly desquamative a-sole of the feet, hear skin, and being very showy the edema on face. Besides she presented a diffuse enantema. The clinic examination revealed macropolyadenopathy, hepatomegaly, splenomealy and mesosystolic blast. The laboratory showed 55% lymphocytosis, Turk cells and Downey cells. Erythrocyte sedimenation rate 16-36 mm/hs. Total hemolytic complement 105 U (V. N. 160-260). Hipergammaglobulinemia 2,11 mg/dl. Hypergammaglobulinemia total 2 mg/dl. Fosgefose selceline 204 mU/ml. TGO 120 mU/ml. Cholesterol 115 mg/dl. Hyperuricemic 115 mg/dl. Serology for Epstein-Barr virus: 1:40. The rest of proofs did not reveal data of importance. In the infective mononucleosis are described varied cutaneous manifestations which are fugacious and not very frequent. On the contrary the clinic aspect as the observed one in this case, has more intensive and generalized characteristics. It is considered a toxic phenomena because of the proved absence of sensibility to penicillin derivates. Authors advert on the administration of this drug in indefinite pharyngeal cases. PMID- 6224990 TI - [Papulo-verrucoid keratodermia of the Brauer, Buschke-Fischer type]. PMID- 6224991 TI - [Prophylaxis of patients with sensitization to chrome and nickel using a cosmetic preparation for topical use]. AB - Firstly we showed the reason for the choice of each product used in the preparation of this cosmetic. After this we studied "in vitro" the effect of this preparation, and "in vivo" in 25 patients sensitive to Potassium dichromate. On seeing the null effect of this preparation, owing to the oxidation of ascorbic acid, on these 25 patients, we modified the formula, substituting the ascorbic acid and EDTA, respectively, for tartaric acid and glycine. The respective tests "in vitro" and "in vivo" on 20 patients, this time showed beneficial effect of this preparation in 60% of the patients tested. Of these 60%, a 25% have continue to work exposed to the allergen (dichromate or nickel) and the other 35% have continue working with lesions controlled by habitual topic therapy. This preparation can also be used, with less effect, for nickel. PMID- 6224992 TI - Immunology of human leprosy--current status. PMID- 6224994 TI - A study of leprosy patients with deformities, and the implications for the treatment of all leprosy patients. PMID- 6224993 TI - Reactions in leprosy. PMID- 6224995 TI - Central histaminergic stimulation of pituitary--adrenocortical response in the rat. AB - In conscious rats histamine, the H1-receptor agonist 2-pyridylethylamine (PEA), and the H2-receptor agonists dimaprit and impromidine given intracerebroventriculary (i.c.v.) increased the hypophyseal-adrenocortical response, evaluated indirectly through the corticosterone concentration in the blood serum. On a molar basis histamine was the most potent drug whereas its agonists were less potent in inducing an increased corticosterone response. Impromidine however, was far more active than dimaprit and PEA. The effect of histamine was significantly yet not totally antagonized by either mepyramine, a H1-receptor antagonist, or cimetidine, a H2-receptor blocker. The combination of mepyramine and cimetidine caused a considerably stronger inhibition than that induced by either antagonist given separately. Mepyramine impaired the corticosterone response to PEA, and the responses to impromidine and dimaprit were significantly diminished by cimetidine. The results suggest that i.c.v. histamine increases the pituitary-adrenocortical activity via both H1- and H2 receptors, and there seems to be no significant prevalence of either of these receptors in mediating this action of histamine. PMID- 6224996 TI - Myocardial hypertrophy, cardiac and urinary catecholamines during severe ethanol intoxication and withdrawal. AB - Cardiomegaly was observed in rats severely intoxicated with ethanol for a 4 day period. It was apparent at 48 hours of treatment, a time at which cardiac protein was elevated and continued into withdrawal. During a 4 day abstinence period the degree of hypertrophy declined towards normal. Cardiac noradrenaline was reduced at the 48 hour time of intoxication, then increased gradually in the further experimental period. As the cardiac hypertrophy occurs at a time that urinary catecholamines are elevated and the adrenal medulla is intensely stimulated, it is proposed that increased levels of circulating catecholamines are largely responsible for the enlargement of the heart. PMID- 6224997 TI - Maternity care for a profoundly handicapped woman: a team approach. PMID- 6224998 TI - [Radionuclide complex in vitro studies in the diagnosis of lung cancer]. AB - The results of studies on ventilation and capillary blood flow are analyzed in 89 lung carcinoma patients and 28 patients with nonmalignant lung diseases by using 133Xe and 99mTc-MAA. The studies were conducted with the help of scintillation radiometers: multidetector unit and a gamma-chamber. The concentration in the blood serum of biologically active agents: CEA, PTH, immunoglobulin E, ferritin, hydrocortisone and beta2-microglobulin was determined in 76 cancer patients and 19 patients with nontumorous lung diseases. It has been established that visualization with 99mTc-MMA and studies with 133Xe are of utmost informative value. There was not a single specific marker for lung carcinoma that could be independently used for the diagnosis of this pathology. It is appropriate that they should be used in combination with other radionuclide methods and instrumental examination. Besides, they can be recommended for control over therapeutic efficacy. PMID- 6225000 TI - [Early and late results of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty in iliac artery stenosis]. PMID- 6224999 TI - [Double-stranded DNA antibodies and lymphocyte subpopulations in disseminated lupus erythematosus]. PMID- 6225001 TI - [Hypersensitivity to chromium, cobalt and nickel in construction workers and the evaluation of the effect of soaps with "acid" action on pH regeneration time on the skin surface]. AB - Dermal examinations, including functional tests, were carried out in 628 housing factory workers. Patch tests with chromium, cobalt and nickel were performed. Allergy ranged within 3--16%, varying with the workstations of the test workers. In view of chemical stimuli of strong basic effects in the construction industry environment, studies aimed at evaluating an impact of acid soaps upon the pH regeneration time on the skin surface were undertaken. Unlike alkaline soaps, acid soaps decrease skin surface pH, the pH recovery time being much shorter on their use. PMID- 6225002 TI - Ca-ATPase activity in bovine parathyroid cells. AB - Ca-ATPase is thought to function as a calcium extrusion pump that may regulate cytosolic calcium concentration. Because the parathyroid gland is among the few tissues that are directly regulated by extracellular calcium and because cytosolic calcium may be a mediator of the effects of extracellular calcium on parathyroid hormone secretion, we have investigated the presence of this enzyme in homogenates of parathyroid cells. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to quantify the formation of ADP from ATP following incubation of ATP with cellular homogenate in a buffer containing ethylenedioxy- (diethylenedinitrilo) tetra acetic acid (EGTA), ouabain, and calcium. Enzyme activity was calcium-dependent, with Ca-ATPase showing two Km (Ca) values, 31 and 853 nM. High affinity Ca-ATPase activity was reduced by the calmodulin inhibitor, trifluoperazine (TFP), with half-maximal inhibition occurring at 7 X 10(-5) M. Monovalent cations stimulated high affinity Ca-ATPase activity (K+ greater than Na+ greater than Rb+ greater than Li+) in the presence of calcium. Magnesium (0.8 mM) also stimulated cleavage of ATP. Sodium increased Ca-dependent ATPase activity by 82% but had no significant effect on Mg-stimulated activity. Furthermore, azide, an inhibitor of mitochondrial ATPase(s), had a significantly greater inhibitory effect on Mg-dependent than on Ca-dependent activity. In summary, a high affinity Ca-ATPase is present in bovine parathyroid cells which has a Km in the range of the cytosolic calcium concentration that is found in other cells. Ca-ATPase(s) may be of importance in regulating the cytosolic calcium concentration and, therefore, hormonal secretion in this cell type. PMID- 6225004 TI - Localization of heparan sulfate proteoglycan in the basement membrane of continuous capillaries. PMID- 6225003 TI - Specific mismatch correction in bacteriophage lambda crosses by very short patch repair. AB - In crosses under rec+, red+, gam+ conditions, mutation am6 in the cI (repressor) gene of bacteriophage lambda recombines with other cI mutations much more frequently than predicted by the physical distances involved. In four-factor crosses of am6 with mutations located 22-60 base pairs to the left, cI+ recombinants that are expected to require three crossovers (triple recombinants) are more frequent than recombinants that require only one crossover. However, when am6 is crossed with large insertions in cI, which may be expected to interfere with the formation of heteroduplexes by branch migration, the frequency of cI+ triple recombinants is very low. In addition, cI+ recombinants in crosses between am6 and adjacent mutations have a high probability of retaining the flanking markers of the am6 parent. These findings suggest that am6 is particularly susceptible to mismatch repair in heteroduplexes spanning cI. A large fraction of such heteroduplexes are presumed to be the result of branch migration from crossovers occurring at some distance from am6. The absence of co repair when am6 is crossed with adjacent cI mutations indicates that most repair tracts extend no farther than about 20 bp to either side of the mismatch. The am6 mutation arose in the glutamine codon in a CCAGG sequence, in which the central cytosines are methylated in K12 strains. Their location in methylated sequences may make certain amber mutations susceptible to a specific very short patch (VSP) repair. PMID- 6225005 TI - Hearing prostheses and communication aids for the elderly. AB - A wide variety of prosthetic devices and communication aids--including hearing aids, telephone and television amplifying systems, and signal devices to convert audio signals to visual signals--are currently available to help the hearing impaired elderly. However, successful application of these aids in the elderly depends on motivation, type of hearing loss, and third-party-payer policies. PMID- 6225006 TI - [Epizootiology of transmissible natural-focus infections in the Kara Kum]. PMID- 6225007 TI - [Current status of foci of tick-borne borreliosis in the southern Turkmen SSR]. PMID- 6225008 TI - [Attempt at the experimental infection of Isabelline wheatears (Oenanthe isabellina Temm., 1829) with the causative agent of plague]. PMID- 6225009 TI - [Interspecies parasitic contact in a natural plague focus in the Kara Kum near Lake Aral]. PMID- 6225010 TI - [Feeding preferences of Anopheles mosquitoes of the "maculipennis" complex--an index of the effectiveness of their control]. PMID- 6225011 TI - [Viability of the eggs of mosquito species of the genus Aedes in an experiment]. PMID- 6225012 TI - [Prediction of the northern limit of the nosologic range of strongyloidiasis in a moderate climate area]. PMID- 6225013 TI - [Dento-periodontal disease in drug-dependent patients (I)]. PMID- 6225015 TI - [Medical genetics and genetic counseling]. PMID- 6225014 TI - Roles for serotonin in neurogenesis. PMID- 6225016 TI - A case of onychomycosis caused by Curvularia lunata (Wakker) Boedijn. PMID- 6225017 TI - Pediatric nursing homes. Implications of the Massachusetts experience for residential care of multiply handicapped children. AB - Pediatric nursing homes were established in Massachusetts in 1971, in response to the crisis created by the deinstitutionalization of children with multiple severe handicaps for whom care in the community was unrealistic. Although these residential beds provided short-term relief for the system, failure both to plan for the improved long-term survival of the children and to develop alternative community services for those whose functional and medical status changed has left fundamental problems unresolved. A review of the 421 residents of pediatric nursing homes since 1972 shows that most have been bedridden and nonverbal, requiring provision of basic care: feeding, dressing, maintaining hygiene, and sensory and motor stimulation. Three quarters of the residents were severely or profoundly retarded and had seizures. About 4 per cent died each year, and another 5 per cent were discharged; few beds were available for new admissions. Low standards of care and financial disincentives have resulted in less than optimal educational and rehabilitative services. Other states are facing similar problems, which can be resolved only through better funding and coordination of the relevant state agencies. PMID- 6225018 TI - Handicapped children: Baby Doe and Uncle Sam. PMID- 6225019 TI - The government and selective nontreatment of handicapped infants. PMID- 6225021 TI - Parents and handicapped infants. PMID- 6225020 TI - The story of Baby Doe. PMID- 6225022 TI - Erythrocyte C3b receptors in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 6225023 TI - Current concepts in diagnostic methods. Evaluation of chronic lower-extremity ischemia. PMID- 6225024 TI - Influence of Fusarium and Myrothecium mycotoxins on dehydrogenase activity of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - The Fusarium and Myrothecium mycotoxins roridin A, diacetoxyscirpenol, verrucarin A, T-2 toxin and zearalenone (10(-2) and 10(-3) mg/ml) inhibit the unspecific dehydrogenase activity of baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) in vivo. The action of these toxins is in the same order as that of aflatoxin B1. It is suggested that at least the trichothecenes decrease the dehydrogenase activity by an interaction with thiol groups of the active center of the enzymes. PMID- 6225025 TI - Bacteriophage lambda protein cII binds promoters on the opposite face of the DNA helix from RNA polymerase. AB - The bacteriophage lambda transcriptional activator protein, cII, coordinately regulates transcription from two phage promoters that control lysogenic development. We demonstrate that cII is a DNA binding protein that selectively interacts with a repeat sequence in the -35 region of the promoter. Furthermore, cII is shown to bind mainly one face of the DNA helix and to make its contacts primarily in the major groove of the DNA. RNA polymerase sees this same region from the opposite side and sandwiches the DNA helix between itself and cII. PMID- 6225026 TI - Identification of presynaptic serotonin autoreceptors using a new ligand: 3H-PAT. AB - Binding studies with appropriate labelled ligands have revealed the existence of two types of serotonin (5-HT) receptor, 5-HT1 and 5-HT2, in the central nervous system of mammals. The 5-HT1 type is characterized by a higher affinity for agonists than for antagonists, whereas the 5-HT2 type binds preferentially to antagonists. However, neither of these receptor types apparently corresponds to the presynaptic autoreceptor controlling 5-HT release. In an attempt to identify the presynaptic autoreceptor directly, we synthesized the tritiated derivative of 8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino) tetralin (PAT), a new tetralin derivative with potent 5-HT agonist properties and carried out binding studies with rat brain membranes. As we report here, in the hippocampus, the properties of 3H-PAT binding sites correspond closely to those of 5-HT1 sites. In contrast, in the striatum, 3H-PAT binding sites exhibit a subcellular distribution and pharmacological characteristics usually associated with presynaptic autoreceptors. Furthermore, a marked loss of 3H-PAT binding sites occurs in the striatum (but not in the hippocampus) after the selective degeneration of serotoninergic fibres in 5,7-hydroxytryptamine (5,7-HT)-treated rats. Conversely, the sprouting of additional 5-HT terminals in the brain stem of adult rats treated at birth with 5,7-HT is associated with an increased density of 3H-PAT binding sites in this region. 3H-PAT thus seems to be a useful ligand for studying the biochemical and pharmacological characteristics of presynaptic autoreceptors in selected regions of rat brain. PMID- 6225027 TI - On eating poison ivy. PMID- 6225028 TI - [Acne: pathogenesis and therapy]. PMID- 6225029 TI - Murine splenocyte migration inhibition assay. II. Characterization of splenic suppressor cells in mice bearing P388/ADR tumor. AB - Suppressor cells in the spleens of mice bearing i.p. transplants of adriamycin resistant P388/ADR tumors were detected by their ability to abrogate the response of splenocytes from syngeneic mice bearing i.p. transplants of the parental adriamycin-sensitive P388 tumors, in a mixed splenocyte migration assay system. In further experiments the suppressor cells were found to be enriched after removal of nylonwool-adherent cells. Complete loss of the suppressive activity after exposure of the nylonwool-nonadherent splenocytes to monoclonal antithy 1.2 antibody and complement indicated the T-lineage of the suppressor cells. Furthermore, intracellular synthesis of proteins, but not DNA, was found to be essential for manifestation of the suppressive activity. In addition, the suppressor cells associated with P388/ADR tumors were found to be sensitive to gamma-radiation (5 Gy) and hydrocortisone (3 micrograms/ml). PMID- 6225030 TI - Activation of free fatty acids in subcellular fractions of human skeletal muscle. AB - In human pathology little is known about the activating enzymes for fatty acids of different carbon chain length. In order to have a better insight into disorders of lipid metabolism in human skeletal muscle, we studied the distribution of acyl-CoA synthetases in muscular subcellular fractions. We find that in muscle mainly long chain fatty acids are activated to CoA esters. Distribution of palmityl-CoA synthetase in subcellular fractions compared with marker enzymes suggested that this enzymatic activity is located only in the outer mitochondrial membrane, in contrast to human liver, where this enzyme is also located in the microsomes. In human skeletal muscle we also found low butyryl-CoA formation, which was limited to the mitochondrial matrix. This site of activation implies that short chain fatty acids may not depend on carnitine for their oxidation in the mitochondrial matrix, in contrast to long chain fatty acids activated in the outer mitochondrial membrane. PMID- 6225031 TI - Studies on the mechanisms by which clenbuterol, a beta-adrenoceptor agonist, enhances 5-HT-mediated behaviour and increases metabolism of 5-HT in the brain of the rat. AB - The head twitch response in mice produced by injection of 5-hydroxytryptophan (100 mg/kg i.p.) and carbidopa (25 mg/kg i.p.) was enhanced by administration of clenbuterol (0.5 mg/kg i.p.), a beta-adrenoceptor agonist. Clenbuterol also enhanced the hyperactivity syndrome in rats produced by quipazine (25 mg/kg i.p.), a 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) agonist. This enhancement was not prevented by depletion of 5-HT in brain with p-chlorophenylalanine or after pretreatment with prazosin. The behavioural responses of the rats to administration of the alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonist, clonidine, was unaltered by acute or longer-term administration of clenbuterol. Following chronic administration of clenbuterol (5 mg/kg daily for 14 days), a procedure resulting in down-regulation of central beta-adrenoceptors, a larger dose of clenbuterol was necessary to enhance the quipazine-induced hyperactivity, suggesting that the mechanism of enhancement involved central post-synaptic beta-adrenoceptors. Further evidence for this conclusion was that a lesion of central noradrenaline pathways produced by 6 hydroxydopamine did not abolish the clenbuterol-induced enhancement of the quipazine-mediated behaviour. The binding characteristics of 5-HT2-receptors were unchanged by acute or chronic administration of clenbuterol. Clenbuterol (5 mg/kg) increased the percentage of plasma free (non-albumin bound) tryptophan, plasma free fatty acid concentration and the concentration of tryptophan and 5 hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) in the brain. The increase in 5-HT turnover in brain was prevented by pretreatment with the beta 1-adrenoceptor antagonist atenolol, which enters the brain poorly. It is therefore suggested that the clenbuterol-induced increase in 5-HT metabolism results from the increase in the concentration of plasma free fatty acid which increases plasma free tryptophan and thus increases the concentration of tryptophan in brain and 5-HT synthesis in brain. The clenbuterol-induced enhancement of 5-HT-mediated behaviour is therefore not associated with its effect on 5-HT metabolism. The data are discussed in relation to that obtained after administration of antidepressant drugs. PMID- 6225032 TI - The nucleus basalis in Huntington's disease. AB - The nucleus basalis of Meynert (nbM) provides most of the cholinergic input to the cerebral cortex. The loss of cortical choline acetyltransferase (CAT) activity in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and senile dementia of the Alzheimer's type (SDAT) appears to be related to a severe depopulation of the nbM in this dementia. In Huntington's disease (HD), by contrast, there is no loss of cortical CAT activity. The present quantitative study indicates that (1) there is no significant loss of neurons from the nbM in HD, and (2) that the previously described cytologic changes in the neurons of this nucleus in HD patients do not differ significantly from controls. These findings are consistent with the working hypothesis that the types of dementia associated with reductions of neocortical CAT activity are characterized by dysfunction or death of neurons in the nbM, but dementing disorders with normal neocortical CAT activity manifest no major abnormalities in this cholinergic nucleus of the basal forebrain. PMID- 6225033 TI - Abnormal ocular motor control in Huntington's disease. AB - We studied eye movements in 50 patients with Huntington's disease. Fixation was impaired in 73% of patients; such individuals had difficulty in suppressing saccades toward novel visual stimuli. Impaired initiation of saccades was manifest by increased reaction time (89%) and inability to make a saccade without head movement (89%) or blink (35%). Saccades and quick phases of nystagmus were slowed in 62%. Smooth pursuit was abnormal in 60%, and vergence in 33%. The vestibulo-ocular reflex and the ability to hold eccentric gaze were preserved even late in the disease. PMID- 6225034 TI - Plasma growth hormone and prolactin response to dopaminergic GABAmimetic and cholinergic stimulation in Huntington's disease. AB - We studied the acute effects of pharmacologic stimulation of neurotransmitter systems implicated in growth hormone and prolactin regulation in eight patients with Huntington's disease and matched control subjects. Both apomorphine, a dopamine agonist, and muscimol, a GABA agonist, produced an exaggerated rise in plasma growth hormone levels in the Huntington patients. Neither the growth hormone response to a muscarinic agonist, arecoline, nor the prolactin response to any of these drugs differed in the patients and controls. Loss of somatostatin activity in the hypothalamic-pituitary axis in Huntington's disease could account for these endocrinologic changes. PMID- 6225035 TI - Ultrasonographic diagnosis of spontaneous hematoma of the abdominal wall. PMID- 6225036 TI - [The role of celioscopic ovarian biopsy in the diagnosis of dysovulation]. PMID- 6225037 TI - Differential vulnerability of central neurons of the rat to quinolinic acid. AB - Infusion of 120 nmol quinolinic acid into several regions of the rat's brain revealed differences in vulnerability to its neurotoxic effects, as judged by light microscopical analysis. The striatum, the pallidal formation and the hippocampus were the most susceptive brain areas whereas the cerebellum, substantia nigra, amygdala, medial septum and hypothalamus proved more resistant. PMID- 6225038 TI - Identification and treatment of poison ivy dermatitis. AB - Poison ivy dermatitis is an acute self-limiting problem of two or three weeks' duration that can cause significant discomfort. Poison ivy, poison oak and poison sumac cause more cases of allergic contact dermatitis than all the other contact allergens combined. Treatment of poison ivy dermatitis depends on the severity of the reaction. The nurse practitioner can manage the majority of poison ivy cases. However, if there is systemic involvement, a physician consultation is necessary. The patient can best be assisted by assessing the severity of the dermatitis, prescribing an appropriate supportive therapy and teaching preventive measures. PMID- 6225039 TI - Down's syndrome: helping the special parents of a special infant. PMID- 6225040 TI - Common skin disorders: infancy, childhood, adolescence. PMID- 6225041 TI - Clinical application and evaluation of two light-activated color modifiers for composite resin restorations. PMID- 6225042 TI - Rehabilitation and the occupational health nurse. PMID- 6225043 TI - [Health education, how?]. PMID- 6225044 TI - [The task of health education]. PMID- 6225045 TI - [Setting goals and principles of medical rehabilitation measures for compulsory retirement insurance]. PMID- 6225046 TI - [Medical possibilities of health education and counseling within the scope of follow-up treatment]. PMID- 6225047 TI - [Critical remarks on the relations between patients and therapists in a rehabilitation clinic of the Rhine Province State Insurance Institution attempts at making realistically necessary changes]. PMID- 6225048 TI - [From "physicus" to public health officer. Roots, development and opportunities of the public health service]. PMID- 6225049 TI - [Maximal ventriflexion in childhood]. PMID- 6225050 TI - [Health education, health information and health promotion an opportunity for civilization. 10 years of the Health Studio of Nurnberg]. PMID- 6225052 TI - [Advantages and risks of ozone therapy]. PMID- 6225051 TI - [The Bern preventive training of parents--portrait of non-participants. II. Methodological problems, illustrated by case reports]. PMID- 6225053 TI - [Epidemiologic aspects of high blood pressure in the elderly]. PMID- 6225054 TI - [Rehabilitation of chronic mental patients as secondary prevention]. PMID- 6225055 TI - [Help to self-help - purpose - method - goal]. PMID- 6225056 TI - [Public health and communal self government in North-Rhine Westphalia (British occupied zone) 1945-1949. Communalization of Public Health Services]. PMID- 6225057 TI - [Health planning in the sense of macro-economic resource planning]. PMID- 6225058 TI - [Berne's preventive parent training. A portrait of non-participants. III. Quantitative analysis of the survey]. PMID- 6225059 TI - [Morbidity aspects of work disability - short and long periods of disability]. PMID- 6225060 TI - [Work disability: its extent and trends - organization of its assessment and results]. PMID- 6225061 TI - [Treatment of multiple and combined injuries in a city general hospital]. PMID- 6225062 TI - [Leukemia in children with Down syndrome]. PMID- 6225063 TI - Signal detection and threshold measures to loud tones and radiant heat in chronic low back pain patients and cohort controls. AB - Eleven chronic low back pain (CLBP) and 11 age- and sex-matched control subjects were tested during two separate sessions for the perception of radiant heat and uncomfortably loud tones. Following the determination of a subject's pain threshold (PT) for radiant heat, a standard signal detection methodology was used to present 26 trials each of 4 stimulus levels. The stimuli were rated on a 9 point scale ranging from 'nothing' to 'very strong pain.' A similar procedure was used for the tone stimuli with the 9-point scale ranging from 'nothing' to 'very strongly uncomfortable.' It was found that the CLBP group had both higher heat pain and tone discomfort thresholds than the control group. For radiant heat only, the CLBP group had poorer discrimination as determined by P(I). The results are discussed within the framework of the hypervigilance and adaptation theories of pain perception. PMID- 6225064 TI - Descriptions of pain and other sensory modalities in patients with lumbago sciatica and herniated intervertebral discs. Interview administration of an adapted Mcgill Pain Questionnaire. AB - This paper aims at elucidating to what extent patients with lumbago-sciatica in the presence of an herniated intervertebral disc, are inclined to describe their pain in a characteristic way. The material comprised 50 patients with clinical and radiological signs indicating herniation of the L4/5 or L5/S1 discs. The assessment of pain was performed by formal oral interview, focussing on spatial distribution and somatosensory dimensions of pain in various regions of the back and leg. In conformity with the fact that a range of sensible nerves are affected by the herniation pain description is represented by a variety of pain qualities. The pattern of pain description tends to exhibit certain characteristic traits: only half of the patients had low-back pain, and pain was most frequently occurring in the gluteal region, thigh and calf. The frequency of superficially localized pain tended to increase in the proximo-distal direction. Aching-like pain was the most common pain quality, and this variant of pain as well as flashing and jerking sensations were commonly reported in the gluteal region, thigh and calf. Warmth was most frequently experienced in these regions, cold sensations in distal parts. A feeling of punctate pressure was common in the gluteal region, incisive pressure and paraesthesia in the thigh and calf, and a cramp-like feeling in the calf region. Reduced sensibility was frequently experienced in distal parts and never in the lumbar region. Pain quality differs in patients with a short and a long duration of the actual attack of sciatica. The mapping of pain seems to represent a diagnostical aid. A high degree of homogeneity of the patients is required for pain description to be a valid and reliable instrument. The clinical application of pain mapping is to be shown through a paper-and-pencil administration of a questionnaire based upon the findings from this study. PMID- 6225065 TI - [Major achievements of Georgian physiopathologists]. PMID- 6225066 TI - Cutaneous artifactual disease: an appeal for help. PMID- 6225067 TI - Pediatric phototherapy. PMID- 6225069 TI - [Dental care in institutions for the handicapped--limits of oral hygiene]. PMID- 6225068 TI - Topical formulary for the pediatrician. PMID- 6225072 TI - A pain in the back. PMID- 6225073 TI - Spare a thought. PMID- 6225070 TI - Methidiumpropyl-EDTA.Fe(II) and DNase I footprinting report different small molecule binding site sizes on DNA. AB - DNase I and MPE.Fe (II) footprinting both employ partial cleavage of ligand protected DNA restriction fragments and Maxam-Gilbert sequencing gel methods of analysis. One method utilizes the enzyme, DNase I, as the DNA cleaving agent while the other employs the synthetic molecule, methidium-propyl-EDTA (MPE). For actinomycin D, chromomycin A3 and distamycin A, DNase I footprinting reports larger binding site sizes than MPE.Fe (II). DNase I footprinting appears more sensitive for weakly bound sites. MPE.Fe (II) footprinting appears more accurate in determining the actual size and location of the binding sites for small molecules on DNA, especially in cases where several small molecules are closely spaced on the DNA. MPE.Fe (II) and DNase I report the same sequence and binding site size for lac repressor protein on operator DNA. PMID- 6225071 TI - Interacting despite visible disability. PMID- 6225074 TI - [Comparative studies on immunoglobulin deposits in the kidneys and skin of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus]. PMID- 6225075 TI - Hepatitis B, hepatitis B vaccine and education for the handicapped. PMID- 6225076 TI - Interview with David A. Whiting: management of acne. PMID- 6225078 TI - The case for spinal supports and education in back pain. PMID- 6225077 TI - Diseases of the nails. How to recognize and treat them. AB - Diseases of the nails are relatively common complaints among patients. Manifested by color changes, nail dystrophy, and inflammation of subungual and periungual tissues, they have a number of causes. In this concise and practical article, Dr Gunnoe discusses several of the most common nail disorders--their recognition and treatment, as well as their significance in pointing to underlying internal disease. PMID- 6225079 TI - The natural history of back pain. PMID- 6225080 TI - The differential diagnosis of backache. PMID- 6225081 TI - [Immunogenicity and antigenicity of penicillin]. PMID- 6225082 TI - [Bullous pemphigoid treated by plasma exchange. Open study in 10 patients]. AB - Ten patients with bullous pemphigoid underwent low volume plasma exchange (1/3 to 1/2 of the plasmatic mass) 3 times a week for 2 to 6 weeks followed, in some of them, by maintenance corticosteroid therapy. Eight patients benefited from this treatment. Complete control of the disease was obtained with PE alone in 3: low dose corticosteroids were sufficient to procure remission in 2, and dosage could be reduced in 3 patients who previously required high doses of corticosteroids. No serious side-effects were recorded. The best results were observed in patients who had been ill for less than 3 months. Thus, low volume plasma exchanges make it possible to obtain clinical improvement while avoiding the rebound phenomena sometimes observed after high volume plasma exchanges. Circulating immune complexes and pemphigoid antibodies usually decreased under treatment, but there was no close correlation between these changes and therapeutic effectiveness. PMID- 6225083 TI - [Immunoallergic intravascular hemolysis and tubulointerstitial nephritis due to penicillin G]. AB - A 51-year old woman treated with high doses of penicillin G developed acute intravascular haemolysis and tubulointerstitial nephritis. Immunological investigations showed circulating immune complexes, decreased C3 and C4 components of complement, IgG deposits in the renal interstitium, positive direct Coombs test with anti-IgG sera and complement and circulating anti-penicillin antibodies demonstrated by indirect antiglobulin tests and IgG RAST. Plasma haemoglobin and anti-penicillin antibodies could be removed by an early exsanguino-transfusion. These findings suggest that the nephritis was due to immune complexes and the haemolysis, to a combined hapten-type and immune complex mechanism. PMID- 6225084 TI - [Inflammatory rheumatism in children. Definitions and nosology]. AB - In this critical nosological study of chronic juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, the author opposes his own pluralist concept based on a longitudinal analysis of the overall development to the conventional unicist concept in which the three forms of the disease are regarded as initial presentations of one single entity. The relationship between the systemic form and the abarticular hyperimmune syndromes previously described by Wissler and Fanconi is stressed. Similarities between juvenile rheumatoid arthritis and reactional inflammatory joint diseases of well defined aetiology are discussed; both are considered articular immune reactions to more or less demonstrable antigens. In the absence of specific laboratory tests, the disease can only be defined on clinical grounds. Without being exceedingly wide, this definition should be less restrictive than that based on currently accepted criteria. PMID- 6225085 TI - [Transjejunal subpyelic cutaneous ureterostomy. A solution to upper urinary diversion in pelvic oncology]. AB - In the operation described the second jejunal loop is isolated through an horizontal incision linking the tips of the 12 th ribs. The ends of the loop are then anastomosed with the sub-pyelic ureters and the resulting V-shaped conduit is brought to the skin. The main complication is a salt-deficiency syndrome due to the physiology of the isolated jejunal loop. The loss of salt may be troublesome in patients with pre-existing renal insufficiency. This syndrome is corrected by oral administration of sodium chloride. PMID- 6225086 TI - [Systemic lupus erythematosus. Ethnic characteristics and geographic origin in 118 patients]. PMID- 6225087 TI - [Voluntary diltiazem poisoning with sinus failure and auriculoventricular block]. PMID- 6225088 TI - [Fabry's disease. Diagnostic value of renal puncture biopsy in paucisymptomatic forms]. PMID- 6225089 TI - [Hyperkalemia-diabetes-heparin therapy association]. PMID- 6225090 TI - [Substitution of low-molecular-weight heparin for standard heparin in allergic thrombopenia]. PMID- 6225091 TI - [Pulmonary sarcoidosis. Monoclonal antibody typing of alveolar and peripheral T lymphocyte subpopulations]. PMID- 6225092 TI - [Dapsone in the treatment of Horton's disease]. PMID- 6225094 TI - [Pregnancy and lupus]. PMID- 6225093 TI - [Retinol carrier protein, prealbumin and transferrin. Influence of age and sex on the serum concentration of proteins with a short half-life]. PMID- 6225095 TI - [Is pregnancy in the lupus patient without danger?]. PMID- 6225096 TI - [Acute hypercalcemia in primary hyperparathyroidism. Pulmonary uptake during scintigraphy with technetium pyrophosphate]. PMID- 6225097 TI - [Prospects in the conservative treatment of breast cancers]. PMID- 6225098 TI - [The Fitz-Hugh Curtis syndrome]. PMID- 6225099 TI - [Aseptic osteonecrosis after renal transplantation]. AB - In a series of 388 kidney transplantations performed in 328 patients, aseptic bone necrosis was diagnosed in 27 patients. Forty seven lesions were detected. The femoral head was most often involved (33 cases) followed by the femoral condyle (10 cases), the head of the humerus (3 cases) and the carpal navicular bone (1 case). Sixteen patients had multiple lesions. The first symptoms occurred between the fifth month and the sixth year post-transplantation. With our immunosuppressive protocol, the probability of developing aseptic bone necrosis is 5.2% at one year, 11.3% at two years and 16.3% at six years. The incidence of steroid diabetes is higher in patients with aseptic bone necrosis (26%) than in patients without bone lesions (11%). Conservative treatment was successful in 60% of the cases. PMID- 6225100 TI - [Treatment of total deafness. Indications for and results of the multi-electrode cochlear implant]. AB - Most cases of total deafness are due to destruction of Corti's organ leaving some of the auditory nerve fibres untouched. When these fibres are electrically stimulated the patient may perceive sounds the pitch of which depends upon the location of the stimulated nerve-endings along the cochlea. An intracochlear electronic device with 12 electrodes implanted in different areas and driven from outside by a portable radiofrequency emitter provides the patient with new hearing and some speech intelligibility. After several months' training words and sentences can be recognized without having recourse to lip reading. Performances depend upon a variety of factors, many of which can be determined prior to implantation. The long-term results obtained in 54 totally deaf patients are reported. PMID- 6225101 TI - [Insulin reserve of insulin-dependent diabetics. Role of C-peptide in the hormonal balance in diabetes]. AB - Insulin secretion was investigated in 65 insulin-dependent diabetic patients by determining C peptide levels before and after stimulation with either an 800 calories test meal or an injection of glucagon or arginine i.v. Most patients had very low basal C peptide levels and response to all stimulation tests was poor as compared to controls. In normal subjects, response to glucagon or arginine stimulation appeared to be slightly stronger than response to test meal stimulation. There was apparently no correlation between diabetes control, as assessed by haemoglobin A1c values, and C peptide levels before and after stimulation. On the other hand, C peptide levels were inversely proportional to the duration of diabetes. Finally, C peptide levels after test meal stimulation were found to correlate with the doses of insulin administered. PMID- 6225102 TI - [Tamponade caused by subacute pericarditis in Basedow's disease]. AB - No case of cardiac tamponade due to subacute pericarditis in the course of Grave's disease has yet been reported. From the 2 cases presented here it would appear that the association is mere coincidence, the clinical manifestations of the pericarditis being probably aggravated by the hyperthyroidism which facilitates the development of oedema and serous effusions. PMID- 6225104 TI - [Treatment with triamterene. Immunologic hemolytic anemia and acute renal insufficiency]. PMID- 6225103 TI - [Oxaluria in urinary lithiasis]. AB - The normal value of oxaluria, as determined by gasliquid chromatography, is about 30 mg/24 h. In most cases of renal stone formation (60-70%) the stones are composed of calcium oxalate alone or associated with calcium phosphate. The more evolutive the disease, the higher the oxaluria. The part played by oxaluria in renal stone formation and the need to include its determination in regular examinations of stone formers must be stressed. Treatment of hyperoxaluria is both medicinal and dietetic : control of oxalic acid-rich food intake and reduction of the intestinal absorption of oxalate caused by calcium-deprived diets. The diet must be completed by therapeutic measures aimed at reducing the oxaluria and increasing the urinary factors preventing crystallization. PMID- 6225105 TI - [Plasmodium falciparum malaria resistant to 4-aminoquinolines, contracted in East Africa]. PMID- 6225106 TI - [Erythema nodosum and cholestatic hepatitis during treatment with D penicillamine]. PMID- 6225107 TI - [Massive theophylline poisoning in a child. Value of extrarenal dialysis]. PMID- 6225108 TI - [Primary biliary cirrhosis. Absence of specificity of direct cutaneous immunofluorescence]. PMID- 6225109 TI - [Prolonged treatment of diabetes mellitus with the portable insulin pump. Value of a 100 IU/ml concentrated insulin preparation]. PMID- 6225110 TI - [Inspection of splenorenal anastomoses by echography]. PMID- 6225111 TI - [Effects of phenytoin on immunoglobulins in Berger's disease]. PMID- 6225112 TI - [Specialized endocrinological care of rural populations]. AB - According to the Food Program, adopted at the May (1982) plenum of the CPSU CC, the problem of the level approaching the medical aid rendered to the rural and urban population assumes ever greater actuality. The difficulties in providing the rural population with endocrinological aid and the routes for their overcoming were analyzed by the author on the basis of 20-year experience of endocrinological work in the Chelyabinsk region. PMID- 6225113 TI - Effect of local anaesthesia on the blood perfusion of oral mucosa measured by the laser Doppler method. PMID- 6225114 TI - Escherichia coli host factor required specifically for the phi X174 stage III reaction: in vitro identification and partial purification. AB - A cell-free extract prepared from phi X174-infected Escherichia coli cells sustained in vitro synthesis of viral DNA (stage III reaction) when supplemented with fraction II from uninfected cells. The reaction was dependent upon deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate, ATP, added phi X174 replicative form I DNA template, and the fraction II from uninfected cells. This reaction differed from the stage II reaction (semiconservative replication of duplex replicative form DNA) by the production of stable viral protein-DNA complexes sensitive to anti phi X174 antiserum. Three types of protein-DNA complexes were identified, 50S, 92S, and a 114S complex that cobanded in CsCl and cosedimented in neutral sucrose gradients with a phi X174 phage marker. The sensitivity of these complexes to anti-phi X174 antiserum and Staphylococcus aureus provided a relatively rapid biochemical assay for direct measurement of the amount of DNA synthesized by the stage III reaction. With this assay, an E. coli factor (SIII) required specifically for the synthesis of viral protein-DNA complexes was identified and purified 200-fold from uninfected E. coli cells. The partially purified SIII factor was required for the synthesis of DNA and viral protein-DNA complexes in the phi X174-infected cell extracts and could not be replaced by rep protein, single-strand binding protein, or DNA polymerase III holoenzyme. PMID- 6225115 TI - Structure of the mitochondrial F1 ATPase at 9-A resolution. AB - The soluble portion (F1 ATPase) of the mitochondrial ATP-synthesizing system is a multisubunit enzyme of molecular weight 380,000. It is composed of five different subunits, alpha, beta, gamma, and epsilon. The subunit stoichiometry is not known but there are strong suggestions that it is alpha 3 beta 3 gamma delta epsilon. We have determined the three-dimensional structure of the F1 ATPase of rat liver mitochondria to 9-A resolution by using x-ray diffraction techniques. The molecule appears to be formed by two equivalent halves, each formed by three regions of approximately equal size. These regions form a distorted hexagonal or octahedral arrangement. None of the regions form closed symmetrical trimers in the complex. It is proposed that, if the subunit stoichiometry is alpha 3 beta 3 gamma delta epsilon, the major subunits exist in at least two different environments in the complex. In this arrangement, the different copies of the major subunits are functionally not equivalent. This observation appears to offer a natural explanation of the complicated binding and labeling data of F1 ATPases. PMID- 6225116 TI - Three distinct stages of B-cell defects in common varied immunodeficiency. AB - B-lymphocyte function of 15 patients with primary common varied immunodeficiency or related disease were examined. All patients had low serum levels of IgM, IgG, and IgA, but 12 of 15 patients had nearly normal numbers of peripheral blood B lymphocytes. Mononuclear cells and B cells from peripheral blood were assayed for B-cell mitogenic responses to anti-Ig mu chain antibodies or to Staphylococcus aureus strain Cowan I (referred to as Cowan I), and for differentiation to Ig secreting cells of IgM, IgG, and IgA classes in the presence of Cowan I and pokeweed mitogen or T-cell factor. The patients all showed profound B-cell defects in one or more of the assays and could be divided into three approximately equal groups based on their responses. The first group showed normal proliferation in response to the two B-cell mitogens and near normal numbers of IgM-secreting cells but no IgG- or IgA-secreting cells. B cells in the second group showed proliferative responses to Cowan I or anti-mu, but no differentiation to Ig-secreting cells. The third group had no B-cell proliferative responses or differentiation in our assays. In several patients from each group, (i) helper T cells were functional in Ig-secreting-cell responses with purified normal B cells, (ii) patient T cells did not significantly suppress formation of Ig-secreting cells by normal cells in coculture, and (iii) removal of T cells with addition of T-cell-replacing factor, or partial removal of monocytes, did not alleviate any of the defects. These studies show that primary B-cell defects in common varied immunodeficiency occur at several levels, probably representing blocks at different stages of differentiation. PMID- 6225117 TI - Polypeptide components of human small nuclear ribonucleoproteins. AB - Small nuclear RNA molecules (snRNAs) are associated with polypeptides in vivo, forming small nuclear ribonucleoprotein complexes (snRNPs). These snRNP complexes are targets for certain autoimmune antisera. Antisera of the type anti-Sm precipitate (and therefore define) a class including U1, U2, U4, U5, and U6 snRNAs, whereas antisera of the anti-RNP type precipitate only U1 snRNPs. We used these two types of autoimmune antisera (from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus) to study the polypeptide components in human cells. Sequential immunoprecipitation of the complexes from nuclear extracts with anti-RNP and anti Sm antibodies, along with radioimmunoassay of protein transfers, identified four polypeptides of 14,000 (P14), 17,000 (P17), 26,000 (P26), and 27,000 (P27) daltons that are present on all members of this class, whereas a 68,000-dalton (P68) polypeptide is present only on U1 snRNPs. Based on the radioimmunoassay, three of these polypeptides, P17, P26, and P27, are also the antigens for anti-Sm antisera, whereas P68 is the antigen for anti-RNP antisera. Long-term phosphate labeling experiments show that the only detectably phosphorylated polypeptide is P68, which contains phosphoserine. PMID- 6225118 TI - Deficiency of an erythrocyte membrane protein with complement regulatory activity in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria. AB - Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) is an acquired hemolytic anemia in which the erythrocytes are abnormally sensitive to lysis by complement. A functional deficiency of membrane-associated complement regulators has been demonstrated on PNH erythrocytes. The two factor H-like proteins, the C3b receptor (CR1) and the decay-accelerating factor (DAF), were isolated from normal human erythrocytes, and specific antisera were prepared. Selective inhibition of the two proteins on normal erythrocytes by the antisera demonstrated (i) that the factor responsible for accelerated decay of erythrocyte-bound C3 convertase is DAF and (ii) that the cofactor required for inactivation of erythrocyte-bound C3b by factor I is CR1. PNH erythrocytes were deficient in both of these activities. Erythrocytes deficient in CR1, which were obtained from an apparently healthy individual, exhibited normal DAF activity but no factor I cofactor activity. These cells were not susceptible to complement-mediated lysis in acidified human serum, whereas PNH erythrocytes and Pronase-treated human erythrocytes (which lack DAF and CR1 activities) were lysed by this treatment. It is suggested that the protein primarily responsible for preventing complement activation on normal human erythrocytes is DAF. AMr 73,000 protein isolated from the normal erythrocyte membranes of one PNH patient by using anti-DAF IgG was largely absent from the abnormal erythrocytes of this individual, suggesting that PNH cells lack the DAF protein. CR1 antigen, however, was present on the abnormal PNH erythrocytes. The results suggest that the primary molecular defect underlying the clinical manifestations of PNH may be the lack of the membrane-associated DAF protein and that the abnormal cells may also exhibit impaired CR1 function. PMID- 6225119 TI - Multiple steady states and oscillatory behavior of a compartmentalized phosphofructokinase system. AB - This paper discusses interacting diffusion and reaction in an open enzyme system. The enzyme, rabbit muscle phosphofructokinase (PFK; ATP:D-fructose-6-phosphate 1 phosphotransferase, EC 2.7.1.11), is inhibited strongly by excess of the substrate ATP. Metabolites diffuse through an inert membrane separating the enzyme from the bulk reacting medium. We demonstrate that such a simple system is able to account for the existence of both oscillatory behavior (limit cycle) and multiple steady states (hysteresis) as well as for the sudden transitions between stable and periodic behaviors. Experimental evidence for time oscillations is given. PMID- 6225120 TI - Transcribed chromatin exhibits an altered nucleosomal spacing. AB - The nucleosomal repeat lengths of bulk chromatin and the chromatin of transcriptionally active and inactive genes were analyzed in two mouse cell lines and adult mouse spleens. The adult beta-globin gene exhibits a nucleosomal repeat length approximately 11 base pairs longer than (i) an inactive embryonic globin gene, epsilon y3; (ii) an immunoglobulin heavy chain gene, Cmu; and (iii) the bulk chromatin in murine erythroleukemia cell line DS19. The repeat length of the Cmu gene was approximately 14 base pairs longer than that of the adult beta globin or epsilon y3 genes in the IgM-producing cell line M104E. The chromatin of several inactive genes had repeat lengths less than or equal to bulk chromatin. Individual genes were shown to vary in repeat length among the cell types examined. In addition, genes that exhibited an increased nucleosomal spacing were digested to mononucleosomes more rapidly than bulk chromatin or inactive genes with shorter repeats. Increased repeat length was also correlated with an increased sensitivity to DNase I. Thus, increased nucleosomal spacing may be a property of transcriptionally active genes or genes with the potential for transcription. PMID- 6225121 TI - lambda mutation in the Escherichia coli rho gene that inhibits the N protein activity of phage lambda. AB - Certain Escherichia coli rho mutations, exemplified by rho026, block the growth of phage lambda by interfering with phage gene expression. The phage gene N, whose product suppresses transcription termination, appears to be expressed normally in the mutants, and the functional stability of the N protein is not affected. Our data suggest that these rho mutations allow transcription to terminate despite the presence of N. Other E. coli mutants displaying a similar phenotype (Nus(-)) fail to propagate wild-type lambda but permit the growth of the lambda variant lambdanin5, which has undergone a deletion of the lambda terminator t(R2). The phenotype of the rho026 mutant differs: the growth of lambda is only marginally improved by the nin5 deletion. Interestingly, N activity at rho-independent terminators is not inhibited by the mutations, whereas its ability to suppress rho-dependent terminators is markedly reduced. The relevance of this specificity in terms of models of N action is discussed. PMID- 6225123 TI - Termination sites of the in vitro nick-translation reaction on DNA that had photoreacted with psoralen. AB - A double-stranded circular DNA having a single nick at a specific site has been photochemically induced to react with 4'-hydroxymethyl-4,5', 8-trimethylpsoralen (HMT) and used as a substrate for nick-translation with Escherichia coli DNA polymerase I holoenzyme. By using the dideoxy chain-terminating sequencing procedure, it was possible to map the termination sites observed on the template that had photoreacted with HMT. These sites occur at nucleotides preceding potential psoralen crosslinking sites. Analysis of DNA products synthesized on templates that had photoreacted under conditions designed to maximize psoralen monoaddition revealed that DNA polymerase I is not stopped by this lesion. Psoralen monoadducts situated on the template strand act only as kinetic attenuators, whereas psoralen monoadducts localized on the nick-translated strand have no effect on the rate of synthesis. These data suggest that psoralen crosslinks are responsible for the lethal effects of psoralen photochemistry in E. coli. Mutagenesis may be associated, however, with the repair replication of psoralen monoadducts by E. coli DNA polymerase I. PMID- 6225122 TI - Identification of the polypeptides encoded in the ATPase 6 gene and in the unassigned reading frames 1 and 3 of human mtDNA. AB - Antibodies prepared against chemically synthesized peptides predicted from the DNA sequence have been used to identify the polypeptides encoded in the ATPase 6 gene and in unidentified reading frames (URFs) 1 and 3 of human mtDNA. In particular, antibodies directed against the COOH-terminal nonapeptide of the putative polypeptide encoded in the ATPase 6 reading frame immunoprecipitated specifically component 17 of the HeLa cell mitochondrial translation products, the reaction being inhibited by the specific peptide. Similarly, antibodies directed against the COOH-terminal undecapeptide of the putative URF1 product or against the COOH-terminal heptapeptide of the presumptive URF3 product were effective in immunoprecipitating specifically component 12 or, respectively, component 24 of the mitochondrial translation products. The sizes of proteins 17, 12, and 24, as estimated from their electrophoretic mobilities, are compatible with their being the products of the ATPase 6 gene, URF1, and URF3, respectively. PMID- 6225124 TI - Partial purification and characterization of an antigen-specific helper factor synthesized by a T-cell continuous line. AB - Antigen-specific factors produced by the T-cell growth factor-dependent T-cell continuous line E-9M(+) were partially purified. Gel analysis of the twice affinity-purified eluate of a poly(Tyr,Glu)-poly(DLAla)--poly(LLys) [(T,G)-A--L] column revealed the existence of iodinated bands with molecular weights of 17,000 and 15,000, in addition to a diffuse band of high molecular weight. The specific helper activity of the E-9M(+) supernatants was associated with a precipitate from 65-75% ammonium sulfate. Gel electrophoresis of either the eluate of a (T,G) A--L column or of the 65-75% salt precipitate indicated that in both preparations two fractions contained the biological activity of the factor, one of a high (less than 67,000) molecular weight and the other of a low (15,000-17,000) one. Culture supernatants of the internally [35S]methionine-labeled E-9M(+) line were subjected to a combined purification of sequential ammonium sulfate precipitations, followed by affinity chromatography. Polyacrylamide gel patterns obtained of the eluates of the different salt precipitates demonstrated that the 65-75% ammonium sulfate precipitate contained two 35S-labeled bands with apparent molecular weights in the range of 60,000 and 15,000, similar to the activity patterns obtained by the gel electrophoresis fractionation experiments. Thus, it is suggested that a fraction of low molecular weight preserves the antigen specificity and the helper activity of the factor produced by the T-cell line. PMID- 6225125 TI - Identification of the C3bi receptor of human monocytes and macrophages by using monoclonal antibodies. AB - We have obtained four monoclonal antibodies, IB4, OKM1, OKM9, and OKM10, all directed against the C3bi receptor of human monocytes and macrophages (M phi). Two criteria were used to determine the specificity of these antibodies. First, culture surfaces coated with the antireceptor antibodies caused specific down modulation of C3bi receptor activity on M phi adherent to these substrates. Second, receptor protein purified by using IB4 or OKM1 retained the ability to bind selectively to C3bi-coated erythrocytes. Each of the antibodies recognizes a distinct epitope on the C3bi receptor; they do not compete with one another for binding to monocytes. Further, when immobilized on a solid support, each of the antibodies binds a molecule from M phi lysates that can simultaneously bind one of the other monoclonal anti-C3bi receptor antibodies. OKM10 binds and masks the ligand-binding site of the C3bi receptor, while IB4, OKM1, and OKM9 bind to sites remote from the C3bi binding site. All four antibodies immunoprecipitated polypeptides of Mr 185,000 and 105,000 from 125I-surface-labeled M phi. IB4 also precipitates polypeptides of Mr 185,000, 153,000, and 105,000. We conclude that the C3bi receptor of human M phi is a complex composed of two polypeptides, Mr 185,000 and 105,000. We have identified monoclonal antibodies reacting with four distinct antigenic determinants of this complex. The determinant recognized by antibody OKM10 is at or near the ligand-binding site of the receptor. The determinant recognized by antibody IB4 is shared by at least two other leukocyte surface proteins. PMID- 6225127 TI - Immunological aspects of food allergy. PMID- 6225126 TI - T cells discriminate between Ia antigens expressed on allogeneic accessory cells and B cells: a potential function for carbohydrate side chains on Ia molecules. AB - Previous studies have shown that the peptides obtained from accessory cell and B cell Ia molecules are identical but that the alpha chains of B-cell Ia molecules are more extensively sialylated than those of accessory cells. The present studies were designed to determine whether this glycosylation difference can account for the functional difference in the capacity of the two cell types to activate alloreactive T cells. The experimental data show that normal resting B cells lack the capacity to induce DNA synthesis or differentiation in alloreactive T cells. T cells do recognize polymorphisms in B-cell Ia molecules, however, because they can be specifically primed for a subsequent proliferative stimulus of the same haplotype. The mitogenic signal for T cells is delivered by either allogeneic accessory cells or neuraminidase-treated B cells. Therefore, the T-cell receptor(s) may contain a site specific for the nonpolymorphic asialocarbohydrate moiety on the alpha chains of accessory cell Ia molecules. PMID- 6225128 TI - Reversal of the effects of diabetes on rat heart function by insulin. PMID- 6225129 TI - Effect of PCPA on sleep in parakeets (aratinga canicularis). PMID- 6225130 TI - Serotonergic influences on EEG synchronization induced by milk drinking in the cat. AB - Milk drinking elicits electroencephalographic (EEG) synchronization in the parieto-occipital cortex of cats. This EEG change is a reliable correlate of the consummatory phenomena involved in "relaxation" behavior. The effect of varying serotonin brain levels by administering P-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA) or 5 hydroxytryptophan (5HTP) on this response was studied in 25 young cats. Single or repeated injections (4-8 days) of 50, 100 or 150 mg/kg of PCPA resulted in a dose related decrease in the duration of the EEG parieto-occipital synchronization during fixed periods of milk drinking. A single injection of 3, 10 or 30 mg/kg of 5HTP to chronic PCPA treated cats, restored the EEG parieto-occipital synchronization during milk drinking to control values. Moreover, administration of 5HTP to non-treated cats significantly increased the duration of EEG parieto occipital synchronization during milk drinking. Our results suggest that brain serotonergic neurons are involved in the development of EEG synchronization during milk drinking. PMID- 6225132 TI - Regulation of the allergic response in schistosomiasis: a proposed model. PMID- 6225131 TI - The anabolic effect of high dose medroxyprogesterone acetate in oncology. AB - Ten advanced cancer patients not amendable to conventional therapy were treated with high dose (greater than 500 mg/day, for 30 days) Medroxyprogesterone Acetate (MAP) both orally and intramuscularly, in order to evaluate a possible anabolic effect of this hormone. During the treatment, mean protein intake increased from 37.2 gr/day to 58.8 gr/day (p less than 0.01), nitrogen intake from 5.8 to 9.4 gr/day (p less than 0.01) and caloric intake from 1407.9 to 2075 Kcal/day (p less than 0.01). Nitrogen balance also showed a significant increase (p less than 0.05), as well as elementary strength (p less than 0.02). Lean body mass and body weight did not show significant variations. The above data confirms what was already been documented by us in animals and proposed in man-that MAP has an anabolic effect. PMID- 6225133 TI - Photodynamic effects on cells in vitro exposed to hematoporphyrin derivative and light. PMID- 6225134 TI - Photodynamic inactivation of R3230AC mammary carcinoma in vitro with hematoporphyrin derivative: effects of dose, time, and serum on uptake and phototoxicity. PMID- 6225135 TI - A touch of music for physiotherapists. PMID- 6225136 TI - Office seating for the arthritic and low back pain patient. PMID- 6225138 TI - [Synthetic filling materials in the posterior region. A 5-year clinical study with Isocap and 3 other conventional composites (II)]. PMID- 6225139 TI - [The mentally handicapped in dental treatment (I)]. PMID- 6225137 TI - Effects of acute doses of zimelidine on REM sleep in rats. AB - Sleep EEG (7 h) were obtained from 11 rats given 5, 10, and 20 mg/kg zimelidine, and a control dose of saline. Zimelidine significantly suppressed REM sleep, lengthened REM latency, and reduced total sleep time (TST) in a dose-dependent manner. Sleep latency was not affected except at the highest dose of zimelidine. Slow-wave sleep (SWS) was not affected at any dose. The results are discussed in terms of their implication for the use of zimelidine in the clinical treatment of depression. PMID- 6225140 TI - Effect of thiol reagents and ionizing radiation on the permeability of erythrocyte membrane for spin-labeled non-electrolytes. AB - Four different thiol reagents: p-chloromercuribenzoic acid (pCMB), mercuric chloride (HgCl2), N-ethylmaleimide (NEM), and 5,5'-dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid) (DTNB) were employed as agents modifying the transport of a hydrophilic and hydrophobic non-electrolyte spin labels: 4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine 1-oxyl (TEMPOL) and 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO) into bovine erythrocytes. Gamma-irradiation of erythrocytes amplified the effects of pCMB, HgCl2 and NEM of inhibition of TEMPOL transport and attenuated them in the case of TEMPO transport. These results suggest that the transport of TEMPOL across the erythrocyte membrane is controlled by both superficially and more deeply located membrane -SH groups while only superficial -SH groups control the transport of TEMPO. The lower extent of inhibition of TEMPO transport indicates a higher contribution of diffusion through the lipid phase to the transport of TEMPO across the erythrocyte membrane as compared with TEMPOL. PMID- 6225141 TI - Radiation protection of stimulated human lymphocytes by nicotinamide. AB - Nicotinamide (NA) when added to human lymphocytes in vitro together with a mitogen, protected against the inhibition by gamma and UV radiation of stimulated cell growth. When stimulated by phytohemagglutinin (PHA), concanavalin A (Con A) or pokeweed mitogen (PWM) maximum protection has been observed with approximately 1 mM NA (dose reduction factor of 2-3). To obtain protection the cells had to be stimulated immediately after irradiation in the presence of NA. It is suggested that the intracellular level of NAD+ may be rate limiting for excision repair in human lymphocytes irradiated in the G0 phase. This level is presumably increased by exogenously supplied NA, leading to enhanced repair of DNA damage and increased survival. PMID- 6225142 TI - [Radiation damage to and recovery of mouse T-cells. Dynamics of suppressor cells after the effects of radiation]. AB - Suppressor and helper T-cells precursors, similar in radiosensitivity (D0 = 2.16 and 2.25, respectively), are restored almost synchronously reaching a normal level by the end of the 2nd month after irradiation. Suppressor macrophage precursors remain intact at doses of up to 7 Gy: one month after irradiation their level decreases perhaps because of the death of the radiosensitive precursors. The suppressors damage is one of the factors decelerating the reverse development of the immune response after irradiation. PMID- 6225143 TI - Percutaneous transrenal balloon dilatation of the ureter. AB - Six strictures of the ureter were dilated with balloon angioplasty catheters. Two obstructed ureterovesical junctions in transplant patients were successfully treated. One obstructed ureteropelvic junction in a transplant kidney with a redundant ureter failed to respond. One of 2 uretero-ileostomy junction strictures was successfully treated, though one mid-ureteral stricture remained unchanged. Multiple dilatations were necessary in several patients. No significant complications were noted. Pre- and post-dilatation assessment of obstruction using the Whitaker test was helpful in transplant patients. PMID- 6225144 TI - Failing or thrombosed Brescia-Cimino arteriovenous dialysis fistulas. Angiographic evaluation and percutaneous transluminal angioplasty. AB - Surgically created arteriovenous fistulas of the Brescia-Cimino type are commonly used for dialysis. When they fail, it can be a very difficult and time-consuming problem to manage surgically. The authors describe a simple method of evaluating and treating failing Brescia-Cimino fistulas in outpatients, involving a combination of cinefistulography, pressure measurements, and balloon angioplasty. PMID- 6225145 TI - Non-Hodgkin lymphoma: computed tomographic demonstration of unusual extranodal involvement. AB - With the advent of computed tomography, lymphomatous involvement of sites other than lymph nodes is being seen with increasing frequency. Review of computed tomographic scans in 400 patients with newly diagnosed or recurrent non-Hodgkin lymphoma revealed 37 patients to have involvement of 56 unusual sites below the diaphragm: psoas/iliacus muscle (16 patients), kidney (13 patients), pancreas (5 patients), adrenal (4 patients), skin/subcutaneous tissue (4 patients), abdominal wall musculature (4 patients), peritoneum (4 patients), omentum (3 patients), and female reproductive tract (3 patients). These were mostly seen in patients with lymphomas of diffuse architecture, especially diffuse histiocytic lymphoma. Concomitant retroperitoneal and/or mesenteric adenopathy was very common; extranodal involvement was rarely the only site of initial or recurrent lymphoma. PMID- 6225146 TI - Renovascular hypertension: quantitative renography as a screening test. AB - The accuracy and reliability of quantitative gamma camera renography in screening for functionally significant renovascular hypertension was investigated. Renal perfusion, total and relative renal function, and parenchymal transit times were measured in 141 patients with recently diagnosed or severe hypertension. Renal angiography was performed in 13 of the 15 patients diagnosed as having evidence of renovascular hypertension. In all 13 either occlusion or significant stenosis of the renal artery was correctly predicted. Previous studies utilizing static images, playback buffers, and renograms have shown that these methods have excellent sensitivity, but relatively low specificity because of false-positive results. The addition of computer quantitation, including measurement of parenchymal transit times, has greatly improved the accuracy of this test. Quantitative renography can now be regarded as a reliable means of selecting patients for transluminal dilatation of stenosed renal arteries and for follow-up after this procedure. PMID- 6225147 TI - Segmental obstruction of the hepatic inferior vena cava treated by transluminal angioplasty. AB - Five patients with segmental obstruction of the hepatic inferior vena cava associated with Budd-Chiari syndrome were successfully treated by percutaneous transluminal angioplasty using Gruntzig balloon catheters. Three or four balloons were used simultaneously to achieve sufficient dilatation. Long-term patency was obtained in all 5 cases without serious complications. This procedure may be applicable to other portions of the venous system as well. PMID- 6225148 TI - Arterial spasm during renal angioplasty. AB - Spasm of the renal arteries during transluminal angioplasty is a well-documented phenomenon with serious potential sequelae, particularly in young patients with fibromuscular dysplasia. The authors report their experience in 98 cases (105 arteries). Tolazoline, lidocaine, nitrates (or calcium blockers, if available), and heparin should be administered either directly into the renal artery or systemically prior to angioplasty to decrease the incidence and severity of spasm. PMID- 6225149 TI - Effect of FLA-63, p-chlorophenylalanine and pimozide on the metabolism and incorporation of 3H-thymidine in the brain of rat pups. AB - The aim of the work is to learn if norepinephrine, dopamine or serotonin have a specific role in the maintenance of normal cell proliferation in the brain of developing rats. Between 2-24 hr after the administration of FLA-63 the incorporation rate of labelled thymidine into the DNA of 10-day-old rat brain was reduced, parallel with the decrease of tissue norepinephrine level. A similar inhibition was observed under the effect of p-chlorophenylalanine, 3-72 hr after administration. The weight gain of the rat pups was also reduced by this substance. Pimozide had no influence on 3H-thymidine incorporation rate. FLA-63 and p-chlorophenylalanine significantly impaired the transport of the radioactive precursor between blood and brain tissue and its phosphorylation to thymidine nucleotides. Tissue norepinephrine and serotonin levels are considered to play regulatory role in early postnatal cell proliferation in the rat brain. PMID- 6225150 TI - A double-blind evaluation of zimelidine in comparison to placebo and amitriptyline in patients with major depressive disorder. AB - This paper presents the results from a large multicenter study, performed at three clinical research units in the USA. Prior to a three to seven days of placebo washout period, patients were randomly assigned to zimelidine, a potent and selective 5-HT reuptake blocker, amitriptyline or placebo. The scheduled treatment period was four weeks. Dosage range was 75-300 mg/day for active medications. The rating instruments were the Hamilton Depression Scale and the Clinical Global Impression scale. The side effects were recorded by using a side effect inventory (TESS). Vital signs, laboratory work including clinical chemistry, ECG, and plasma levels of drugs, were performed. In the main efficacy evaluation there were 229 depressed outpatients included, all having completed at least two weeks of treatment after the washout period. The patients treated with zimelidine as well as those treated with amitriptyline showed a significant improvement relative to the placebo treated patients. For the safety evaluation 263 patients were included. Side effects, in particular anticholinergic effects but also drowsiness and cardiovascular effects, were much less pronounced in the zimelidine group as compared to the amitriptyline group. Only marginal differences regarding side effects were reported for zimelidine compared to those reported for placebo. PMID- 6225151 TI - [Diagnostic and therapeutic problems in pheochromocytoma]. PMID- 6225152 TI - [Alopecia, a rare postoperative complication]. PMID- 6225153 TI - [Gastric neurinoma with peculiar course]. PMID- 6225154 TI - [Foreign body in the gastric wall associated with antral polyposis]. PMID- 6225155 TI - [Retroperitoneal hemangiopericytoma]. PMID- 6225156 TI - [Treatment of excessive obesity by entero-exclusion (reference to 2 operated cases)]. PMID- 6225157 TI - [Gastrotomy. An original technic]. PMID- 6225158 TI - [Use of morphine-like drugs in spinal anesthesia]. PMID- 6225159 TI - [Peridural analgesia with morphine (experience with 50 cases of trauma and postoperative wounds)]. PMID- 6225160 TI - [Evaluation of the developmental potential of bladder tumors by multiple biopsies of the mucosa]. PMID- 6225161 TI - [Surgical treatment of morbid obesity. I]. PMID- 6225162 TI - Sexual dysfunction associated with physical disability: a treatment guide for the rehabilitation practitioner. PMID- 6225163 TI - On clients becoming counselors. PMID- 6225164 TI - Transitional rehabilitation: another step toward community living. PMID- 6225165 TI - The independent spirit as part of the rehabilitation process. PMID- 6225166 TI - [Convulsive syndrome, an indicator of the evolution of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis]. PMID- 6225167 TI - [Considerations on meningeal hemorrhage in chronic alcoholics]. PMID- 6225168 TI - [Value and limitations of immunological typing of body fluids in neurological diseases]. PMID- 6225169 TI - [Giant fibroma of the head]. PMID- 6225170 TI - [Genetic and clinico-catamnestic studies of manic-depressive psychoses for the purpose of outlining various prognostic elements]. PMID- 6225171 TI - [Analysis of morbidity in the psychiatric sections of the Marinescu Hospital in 1977]. PMID- 6225173 TI - [Aspects of popular psychiatry]. PMID- 6225172 TI - [The effect of physostigmine on cardiac changes (electric and mechanical) caused by imipramine]. PMID- 6225174 TI - [Problems posed by various subjects at risk in oral surgery. Patients presenting cardiovascular problems]. PMID- 6225175 TI - [Problems posed by various subjects at risk in oral surgery. Patients presenting with hemostatic disorders]. PMID- 6225176 TI - [Problems posed by various subjects at risk in oral surgery. Psychological approach to surgical patients at risk]. PMID- 6225177 TI - T-cell hyperreactivity of NZB mice against H-2 identical cells. Equal cytotoxic T lymphocyte precursor frequency against H-2 allogeneic and H-2 syngeneic target cells in NZB. AB - NZB mice serve as a model for human systemic lupus erythematodes. T-cell abnormalities in this strain have previously been described. In this paper the cytotoxic T lymphocyte precursor (CTL-p) frequencies of NZB mice against H-2 allogeneic and H-2 syngeneic cells are investigated and compared with those of the normal strain BALB/c. The CTL-p frequency in NZB lymphocytes against H-2 allogeneic cells equals that in normal mouse strains (i.e. 1/7500). The NZB anti BALB/c response is in the same order of magnitude. No corresponding BALB/c anti NZB response was elicited. The results suggest abnormally high sensitivity of NZB CTL-p to helper signals. PMID- 6225178 TI - [Hemorrhage in dental patients]. PMID- 6225179 TI - [Results of a new controlled survey of the spine of tractor operators]. AB - In order to appreciate the consequence of tractor driving on the incidence of low back pain 72 tractorists (mean age: 35,1 +/- 6,3; mean first year driving (18,6 +/- 4,8), mean duration of driving (15,2 +/- 4,7) were compared to 62 non tractor driving farm workers (mean age: 36,5 +/- 6,5). Subjects were studied during a systematic yearly examination at the regional office for medical prevention. They were not informed of the purpose of the study. All subjects were submitted to a 45 items questionnaire made by one rheumatologist and to a standard physical examination of the dorsal and lumbar spine by another rheumatologist. No X-rays examination were performed during this enquiry. Results were as follows: non specific lowback pain was a frequent complaint in both groups, but was found significantly more frequent in non tractorists (p less than 0,01). Discrimination of non specific low back pain by duration of pain episodes (greater than or equal to 3 months) gave of lower frequency of the symptom which was found similar in both groups. Non tractorists complained more frequently of lumbago and sciatica (p less than 0,05). Identical abnormal physical examination were found in tractorists and non tractorists. Professional consequence were infrequent and not different between tractorists and non tractorists. No correlation were found between results of questionnaire, physical examination and mean duration of tractor driving. PMID- 6225181 TI - Preoperative hearing and evaluations for cochlear implant patients. A preliminary report using a Minimal Auditory Capabilities battery. AB - Two profoundly deaf patients were evaluated using the Minimal Auditory Capabilities (MAC) battery of speech discrimination tests. One patient was a multiple-channel cochlear implant patient (MC1) using a wearable speech processor, the other a prospective cochlear implant patient using a hearing aid (HA). Results from the MAC battery showed that MC1 received significantly more auditory information via the speech-processor than was provided by the hearing aid to HA. These results indicated that the cochlear implant could be a suitable alternative for HA. However, the results indicated that HA gained some minimal benefit from the hearing aid and these results should be taken into consideration when deciding which ear should be implanted. PMID- 6225180 TI - [Antigenic markers of immunocompetent cells in rheumatoid synovial membrane]. AB - Immunologic characteristics of cells present in rheumatoid synovium from 15 patients were analyzed either "in situ" on frozen sections or after elution. Monoclonal antibodies directed against T cell subpopulation antigens and anti-Ia like were used. T cells bearing the phenotype T3+, T4+, Ia+ are numerous, and they appeared gathered in lymphoid follicles and in perivascular areas. They are in close relationship with large Ia+ cells probably macrophagic in nature. Numerous dendritic cells as well as intimal cells are also Ia+. Some ratios T8+/T4+ cells are higher than results previously reported. This discrepancy could be related to drugs received by the patients before surgery. PMID- 6225182 TI - Routine rehabilitation procedures in auditory communication handicap. AB - A well known fact and an established experience in all audiological units, handling large groups of hearing loss patients is, that in many of them (15% or more?) - mostly having severe, but occasionally moderate hearing loss - the conventional audiological rehabilitation programme (hearing aids, special devices, functional training etc.) cannot adequately compensate for their communication handicap, i.e. they constitute problem cases, and consequently also a challenge to research. This experience gained through many years, but certainly also, in addition, the cochlear implant discussion during the last decade, emphasizing the "deaf patient", have focused our interest on this large, but heterogeneous patient group, whose common basis is that the patients consider themselves "deaf" or "almost deaf". The handling of these patients, of course, requires a multidisciplinary approach with a broad program of diagnostic and therapeutic measures. The activities presented in this supplement is meant to be one step in the direction of finding a suitable structure in Stockholm to adequately handle patients with auditory communication handicap. PMID- 6225184 TI - [Oral examination of handicapped children using the restrainer]. PMID- 6225183 TI - [Dental treatment for a patient with an implanted cardiac pacemaker]. PMID- 6225185 TI - Transluminal angioplasty in a community hospital: a surgeon's viewpoint. AB - We have found transluminal angioplasty to be a safe and effective procedure for the relief of arterial obstruction. In a community hospital over a 20-month period, we did 100 consecutive dilatation procedures, many involving multiple dilatations, with no morbidity or mortality. Iliac lesions were dilated successfully (74/80) more often than femoral lesions (15/20). Several patients had relief of impotence. Transluminal angioplasty was used successfully as an adjunct to operation both as staged and combined procedures to dilate the donor artery for a femoral-femoral bypass graft or femoral-popliteal graft, or to dilate the outflow of a new or existing graft. PMID- 6225186 TI - [Longevity and life expectancy of men and women in Kirghizia]. PMID- 6225187 TI - [Methods of improving the quality of the ambulatory-polyclinical services for the rural population]. PMID- 6225188 TI - [Preventive medicine aspects of the activities of the RSFSR Narkomzdrav National Institute of Social Hygiene (on the 65th anniversary of the foundation of the People's Commissariat of Public Health of the RSFSR)]. PMID- 6225189 TI - [Public health in the Uralsk region]. PMID- 6225190 TI - [Problems of health and medicine in the works of well-known pedagog-scientists of Kazakhstan]. PMID- 6225191 TI - [Improvement of the rural ambulatory-polyclinical services in Uzbekistan]. PMID- 6225192 TI - [Paroxysmal and continuous forms of atrial fibrillation in alcoholic cardiopathy]. PMID- 6225193 TI - [Prevention of drug allergy]. PMID- 6225195 TI - [Chronic bronchitis in young persons]. PMID- 6225194 TI - [Immunological aspects of arteriosclerosis]. PMID- 6225196 TI - The family and neonatal intensive care. AB - The birth of a sick newborn provides great stress for the family. During the illness, the family must face charged issues, including the loss of the perfect child they had anticipated and a fear that their baby may die. Issues related to helping these vulnerable families are examined, including response to the birth of a sick baby, communication with the family, preparation for discharge and long term hospitalization, as well as issues pertaining to the staff of the neonatal intensive care unit. PMID- 6225197 TI - Pathological expression of idiotypic interactions: immune complexes and cryoglobulins. PMID- 6225200 TI - [From the field of home care nursing: a visit to a home with a handicapped person]. PMID- 6225198 TI - Idiotypes and autoimmunity. PMID- 6225199 TI - Network regulation among T cells; conclusions from limiting dilution experiments. PMID- 6225202 TI - [Pacemakers and dental care]. PMID- 6225201 TI - [Renal osteodystrophy--oral changes in chronic, end-stage renal insufficiency and long-term hemodialysis]. PMID- 6225203 TI - [Does fissure sealing of the 6th year molars add to the preventive measures of fluoride application?]. PMID- 6225204 TI - [Drug contact on the job causing skin allergies]. PMID- 6225205 TI - [Dental technicians with handicaps]. PMID- 6225206 TI - [The effect of health report treatment in humid subtropics on the early stages of cardiac insufficiency in patients with post-infarction cardiosclerosis]. PMID- 6225207 TI - [Changes in primary disability due to cardiovascular diseases in blue- and white collar workers in Byelorussia]. PMID- 6225208 TI - [The pathogenetic role and clinical value of detecting circulating immune complexes in glomerulonephritis]. PMID- 6225209 TI - [Focal mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis]. PMID- 6225210 TI - [Mass and selective screening in the diagnosis of urinary tract pathology]. PMID- 6225211 TI - [Relation between the course of secondary amyloidosis and climatic conditions (pathologo-anatomical and clinical data)]. PMID- 6225212 TI - [Physiopathological mechanisms of changes in the myocardium during the development of chronic kidney failure]. PMID- 6225213 TI - The bronchial response to cold air challenge: evidence for different mechanisms in normal and asthmatic subjects. AB - We have investigated possible mechanisms of response to airway cooling by studying the effects of sodium cromoglycate and ipratropium bromide on the changes in airways resistance that followed eucapnic hyperventilation with subfreezing air in a group of 12 patients with mild asthma and 10 normal subjects. We have also studied the period of refractoriness to repeated challenge. Maximum bronchoconstriction was not reduced after the second challenge, but in the asthmatics the one-second forced expiratory volume recovered more rapidly after the second challenge. The response in normal subjects was completely abolished by ipratropium bromide (p less than 0.0005) whereas sodium cromoglycate was without effect. In the asthmatics both ipratropium and cromoglycate were effective in attenuating the response (p less than 0.005). These results suggest that in normal subjects the response to airway cooling is produced predominantly via neural mechanisms, whereas in asthmatics there is an additional mechanism which can be abolished by sodium cromoglycate. PMID- 6225214 TI - Effect of oral prednisolone on response to salbutamol and ipratropium bromide aerosols in patients with chronic airflow obstruction. AB - We examined the bronchodilator responses to inhalation of salbutamol (200 micrograms) and of ipratropium bromide (40 micrograms) in the morning and in the afternoon before and during a course of oral prednisolone (40 mg daily) in 15 patients with chronic, partly reversible airflow obstruction. Bronchodilatation was assessed by measuring serial peak expiratory flow rates (PEFR) for six hours after aerosol drug administration and calculating the area under the time response curves. Eleven patients were found to be corticosteroid resistant in not attaining a baseline bronchodilatation of at least 25% during corticosteroid treatment. These patients also failed to show any enhancement of their bronchodilator responses to either salbutamol or ipratropium bromide during prednisolone administration. We therefore conclude that there is no rationale for giving or continuing corticosteroid treatment in known steroid-resistant patients in the hope of nevertheless potentiating their bronchodilator responses to salbutamol or ipratropium bromide. PMID- 6225215 TI - The physiological significance of the endoendothelial fibrin lining (EEFL) as the critical interface in the "vessel-blood organ' and the importance of in vivo "fibrinogenin formation' in health and disease. PMID- 6225216 TI - On the structure of functional sites in fibrinogen. AB - Fibrinogen is involved in many biochemically and medically important processes. In order to obtain a deeper insight into the functional mechanisms of these processes it is necessary to analyse them on the molecular level. The complete covalent structure of human fibrinogen is known, and it is therefore now possible to establish structure-function relationships. For several functional sites the structural equivalent has been well identified, e.g. the thrombin and plasmin cleavage sites, and crosslinking site. For some other sites only the corresponding regions of the molecule are known, e.g. polymerization and calcium binding sites. However, for many significant physiological functions of fibrinogen the structural basis has not yet been established. On the other hand, there are several regions of the molecule which by evolutionary evidence seem to be of functional importance, but for which no specific functions as yet have been assigned. PMID- 6225217 TI - Complex-formation between the fibrin-derived plasmic fragments DD and E demonstrated by crossed immunoelectrophoresis. AB - The formation of a complex between the fibrin fragments DD and E was studied by crossed immunoelectrophoresis using antibodies against human fibrinogen. The complex formation was seen by a common electrophoretic migration of the DD fragment and part of the E-fragments. This effect was abolished by a further incubation with plasmin of the preparation containing the (DD) E-complex. This also led to an anodal shift in migration of the E-fragment indicating a transfer from E1 to E3. PMID- 6225219 TI - Good signs for dentistry. PMID- 6225218 TI - The effects of plasmin and protein Ca on factor VIII:C and VIII:CAg. AB - The effects of various concentrations of plasmin and activated protein C on the factor VIII procoagulant activity (VIII:C) and coagulant antigen (VIII:CAg) were studied in factor VIII concentrates and normal plasma. Small amounts (0.1 CTA U/ml) of plasmin rapidly destroyed VIII:C, and affected, but did not destroy VIII:CAg, in factor VIII concentrates. In normal plasma larger amounts of plasmin (1.8 CTA U/ml) was required to inactivate VIII:C in order to exceed the neutralizing capacity of alpha 2-antiplasmin. VIII:CAg was unchanged indicating a limited proteolysis. The difference between VIII:C and VIII:CAg was found also in urokinase-activated plasma. Activated protein C (5 micrograms/ml), in the presence of Ca2+ and phospholipids, inactivated VIII:C without affecting VIII:CAg in a high purity factor VIII concentrate. Higher concentrations of activated protein C (25 micrograms/ml) caused a slight decrease of VIII:CAg, even in the absence of Ca2+ and phospholipids, but did not change VIII:CAg in normal plasma or serum. PMID- 6225220 TI - [The treatment of a lung worm infection in ponies with albendazole (Valbazen)]. AB - A report on infection with Dictyocaulus arnfieldi in a number of ponies and one horse in which complete clinical recovery was obtained following treatment with albendazole (Valbazen), administered by oral route at a dosage of 25 mg/kg of body weight twice daily for five days. PMID- 6225221 TI - Expression of cell surface antigens during allogeneic response studies with monoclonal antibodies to a polymorphic marker of activated lymphocytes and HLA class I and class II antigens. AB - The kinetics of expression of cell surface antigens were studied during allogeneic stimulation and compared to 3H-thymidine incorporation. Two markers of T cell activation identified by monoclonal antibodies (monomorphic HLA-DR and a polymorphic blastic antigen) were compared to an ubiquitous antigen (beta 2m). beta 2m (Class I) and DR (Class II) antigens showed enhanced expression on alloactivated lymphocytes while the blastic antigen was only detected on alloactivated lymphocytes from serologically positive donors. The increased expression of these antigens could distinguish positive and negative mixed lymphocyte reactions and they preceded the rise in 3H-thymidine uptake. PMID- 6225222 TI - Non-uniform staining of myofibril a bands by a monoclonal antibody to skeletal muscle myosin S1 heavy chain. AB - A monoclonal antibody specific for the S1 fragment of skeletal muscle myosin has been identified. The antibody does not inhibit actin-activated Mg2+-ATPase or K+ EDTA-activated ATPase of myosin, indicating that it is not related to the portion of the S1 which carries the ATPase activity. In the absence of relaxing medium, antibody binding to the myosin filament is restricted to narrow regions on each side of the bare zone region of the filament, and to a narrow region at the tapered ends of the filament. This restricted antibody binding is not altered by the attachment of the myosin cross-bridges to the actin filaments. In the presence of relaxing medium, antibody binding occurs along the entire length of the cross-bridge-bearing region of the filament. The restricted binding to only small regions of the filament in the absence of relaxing medium suggests that the molecular packing of the myosin in different portions of the filament may be different, resulting in differences in the availability of the antigenic site on the S1 for antibody binding. The change in availability of the antigenic sites along the filament in the presence of relaxing medium may reflect a perturbation in the molecular packing of the filament, or a conformational change resulting from the binding of MgATP, both of which could affect the availability of the antigenic sites on the S1 for antibody. PMID- 6225223 TI - Characteristics of nicotinamide and N1-methylnicotinamide protection from alloxan diabetes in mice. AB - Comparisons were made of the dose-response and time-course characteristics of nicotinamide (NIC) and its metabolite, N1-methylnicotinamide (MNIC), protection from alloxan-induced diabetes in mice. A significant reduction in the permanent hyperglycemia caused by alloxan (50 mg/kg, iv) was observed when NIC or MNIC was given iv at a dose of 800 mg/kg 2 hr before alloxan. Complete protection was provided by pretreatment with 1200 mg/kg of either agent. There was a linear increase in 2-hr serum levels of NIC or MNIC after increasing doses of each protective agent. Protection after a 1200 mg/kg dose of NIC was of a shorter duration (6 hr) than after a corresponding dose of MNIC (greater than 24 hr). This longer protective action of the metabolite was accompanied by correspondingly higher serum levels of MNIC when compared to levels of NIC after an identical dose. No protective effects of NIC or MNIC were apparent when the agents were added to isolated mouse pancreatic islets prior to alloxan exposure in vitro. The results indicate that both NIC and its metabolite, when given in high doses before alloxan, are capable of protecting mice from alloxan diabetes. The protective action of NIC and MNIC appears to be an indirect one because the agents were ineffective as protectants in an in vitro system. PMID- 6225224 TI - Effects of long-term feeding of ammoniated, aflatoxin-contaminated corn to Fischer 344 rats. AB - The effectiveness of ammonia treatment in reducing the chronic toxicity of aflatoxin-contaminated corn was determined. Fischer 344 rats were fed semi purified rations containing 20% w/w corn that was either free of aflatoxin or naturally contaminated with 880 micrograms/kg total aflatoxin and was either treated with ammonia gas or was not treated. Therefore the rats that were fed the aflatoxin-contaminated diet received 176 ppb total aflatoxins. Body weight and food consumption were recorded throughout the study; hematological measurements were made after 87 weeks of feeding; and after 91 weeks the rats were killed and histopathological abnormalities were noted. Signs of chronic toxicosis in rats fed aflatoxin-contaminated corn included increased mortality, decreased hematocrit and hemoglobin levels, elevated serum alkaline phosphatase activities, and a 100% incidence of liver neoplasia. These signs did not occur in rats in the other dietary treatment groups, including those fed ammoniated, aflatoxin contaminated corn. The results provide further evidence that the atmospheric ammoniation process effectively reduces the toxicity of aflatoxin-contaminated corn. PMID- 6225225 TI - Image analysis of electron micrographs of ATPase (Coupling Factor TF1) from thermophilic bacteria and luminal epithelium of mouse urinary bladder. AB - Electron micrographs of two dimensional array of H+-ATPase (Coupling Factor TF1 from the thermophilic bacteria) and luminal epithelial protein of urinary bladder were obtained using negative staining method and freeze-fracture method, respectively. Images which showed good optical diffraction pattern were digitized by a computer-linked flat-bed two dimensional microdensitometer and processed digitally. The results of translational computer noise filtering showed that the outline of TF1 molecules looks like a hexagon or an asterisk in the presence of sodium azide which is a specific inhibitor of TF1 or AMPPNP which is an unsplitable analogue of ATP, respectively. The luminal epithelial protein also looks like a hexagon. Rotational harmonic analysis was carried out to examine the rotational symmetry of the filtered images of TF1. It was found that 2-fold or 6 fold symmetry is dominant in the presence of sodium azide or AMPPNP, respectively. PMID- 6225226 TI - Mutations in gene lamB: studies on structure and topology of an E. coli outer membrane protein. AB - Results obtained in E. coli with a set of mutations conferring tight resistance to phage lambda lead to a first identification of three residues in the lamB protein which are important for adsorption of phage lambda. Residues 151 and 382 are important for reversible adsorption while residue 401 is important for irreversible adsorption. The identification of such residues may help to identify portions of the protein located at the cell surface. Assays of lambda receptor activity in merodiploid strains heterogenote for gene lamB show that the mutations studied can have a negative dominant effect. For one class of mutations (class II) this can be interpreted by negative complementation at the level of oligomerisation. The data confirm then that active lambda receptor is a trimer. PMID- 6225227 TI - Na+-coupled transport of melibiose in Escherichia coli: analysis of mutants with altered cation specificity. AB - Melibiose transport via the melibiose transport system of Escherichia coil utilizes either H+ or Na+ as a coupling cation. This system may represent a evolutional transition state between H+-substrate cotransport (bacteria type) and Na+-substrate cotransport (animal type). We have isolated mutants which showed altered cation specificity for melibiose transport. The melibiose carrier of the mutants has lost the ability to recognize H+. This communication describes the properties of the melibiose transport system and the properties of the mutants. PMID- 6225228 TI - [Work organization of the Moscow Province Center of Dental Physiotherapy]. PMID- 6225229 TI - Let's talk back. PMID- 6225230 TI - Alloimmunization-activated suppressor cells. II. In vitro activity of suppressor cells implicated in the abrogation of lethal graft-versus-host reaction. AB - Incompatibility for DBA/2 (D2) minor histocompatibility antigens (MiHA) alone leads to a severe lethal graft-versus-host reaction (GVHR) in irradiated (D2 X B10.D2)F1 mice receiving a bone-marrow-plus-spleen-cell graft from B10.D2 donors. This mortality is abrogated when the donors are preimmunized simultaneously against specific D2 MiHA and unrelated H-2 antigens three days before grafting. Results presented here demonstrate that spleen cells from such preimmunized donors, which are able to diminish the intensity of the GVHR developed by normal cells, exhibit the following properties: (1) reduced proliferative response to D2 MiHA in one-way MLC; (2) radioresistant suppressive effect on the proliferative responses of both normal and specifically primed B10.D2 cells; (3) inability to lyse D2 target cells even after in vitro boosting, implying that the suppressive effect detected in vitro is not due to removal of the stimulating antigens from the culture; and (4) inability to suppress the development of an anti-MiHA cytolytic response by specifically primed B10.D2 cells, despite a pronounced suppressive effect on their proliferation. Taken together with the GVHR observations, these results suggest that simultaneous immunization against specific MiHA and unrelated H-2 antigens activates, in the spleens of treated donors, suppressor cells that can inhibit the immune response at the recognition phase, and probably also at an afferent, but not efferent, stage of cytotoxic effector-cell differentiation. PMID- 6225231 TI - Mechanism by which adult mouse peritoneal macrophages affect neonatal suppressor cell activity. AB - Suppressor cell activity is high in the spleen of newborn mice. The injection of adult mouse peritoneal exudate macrophages into newborn mice decreases the neonatal suppressor cell activity. Peritoneal exudate cells from thioglycollate and proteose-peptone pretreated adult mice are effective. Blocking the Fc receptor on thioglycollate-induced macrophages eliminates their ability to reduce the neonatal suppressor cell activity. Peritoneal exudate cells from Corynebacterium-parvum-pretreated adult mice are not effective. The macrophage cell line, P388, also fails to decrease neonatal suppressor cell activity. A soluble macrophage factor, possibly Interleukin-1, is involved in the interaction between macrophages and suppressor cells. Stimulation of endogenous neonatal macrophage production with thioglycollate does not affect suppressor cell activity. The results are interpreted in the light of the hypothesis that a gradual increase in the number and/or function of macrophages after birth, results in a gradual decrease in suppressor cell activity, allowing for immunocompetence to emerge. PMID- 6225232 TI - A case of Huntington's chorea in a Nigerian and the sociocultural factors associated with its diagnosis and management. AB - Three cases of Huntington's chorea have previously been reported from Nigeria. A fourth case, in a Nigerian female with a positive family history over three generations, is now reported. The difficulties, attributable to sociocultural factors, encountered in eliciting the family history, and ways used to overcome them are discussed. Since these difficulties may not be realised by many physicians in Nigeria, cases of this disease are not likely to be recognised. Accordingly correct estimation of the prevalence of Huntington's chorea in Nigeria would be impossible. PMID- 6225233 TI - [Serious side-effects following treatment with mistletoe extract]. PMID- 6225234 TI - [An epidemic of St. epidermidis bacteremia in a surgical intensive care unit]. PMID- 6225235 TI - Combined thrombolysis with low-dose streptokinase and angioplasty in the treatment of renal artery occlusion. AB - A case of acute renal artery thrombosis superimposed on a stenotic atheromatous lesion treated with low-dose streptokinase thrombolysis and percutaneous transluminal angioplasty is presented. Renal function was promptly improved. This combined approach is recommended in selected elderly and seriously ill patients. PMID- 6225236 TI - [An improved method of laparoscopic diagnosis]. AB - The construction of a modified tube of laparoscope is described which allows to perform reiterated examinations without a repeated puncture of the abdomen. No complications were noted after dynamic (repeated) laparoscopies in 125 patients. PMID- 6225237 TI - [Clinical significance of nondestructive forms of appendicitis in children]. AB - On the basis of an analysis of remote results of appendectomy for non-destructive forms of appendicitis in children the authors make a conclusion that appendectomy was not justified in these forms of the disease. To differentiate destructive and non-destructive forms of appendicitis the authors recommend to use electromyography and laparoscopy. PMID- 6225238 TI - Therapeutic and prophylactic efficacy of morantel when administered directly into the rumen of cattle on a continuous basis. AB - The efficacy of morantel tartrate when administered on a continuous basis directly into the rumen/reticulum of cattle, either by a cannula or from a specially designed device, was evaluated against gastrointestinal parasites under laboratory conditions. In two experiments the continuous infusion of morantel at rates between 0.26 and 1.04 mg/kg body weight per day using a peristaltic pump was highly efficacious in both preventing the establishment of infections and removing established infections of the following species: Ostertagia ostertagi, Haemonchus contortus, Cooperia oncophora and Trichostrongylus colubriformis. The same dose rates also prevented establishment of Dictyocaulus viviparus infection but were ineffective against established infections of this parasite. In another two experiments the continuous release of morantel tartrate for at least 60 days (at rates between 0.65 and 1.11 mg/kg body weight per day) from a specially designed intraruminal sustained release bolus (secured at each end by a polyethylene impregnated semi-permeable membrane) was highly efficacious in both preventing the establishment of infections and removing established infections of the following species: O. ostertagi, T. axei, T. colubriformis and C. oncophora. PMID- 6225239 TI - The morantel sustained release bolus in the control of gastro-intestinal nematodiasis of cattle in Switzerland (preliminary results). AB - The efficacy of the morantel sustained release bolus was evaluated in 20 first season grazing calves and 92 cattle in two separate trials. All animals grazed contaminated pastures and were exposed at the time of spring turnout to a risk of infection from gastrointestinal nematodes. In the first study 45 bolus-treated and 47 nontreated control (second or third season) cattle grazed similar but separate communal pastures, while in the second study nine bolus-treated and 11 nontreated control cattle grazed together on a single pasture. Efficacy determinations were conducted by frequent observations throughout the grazing season on faecal worm egg output, serum pepsinogen levels and liveweight gain. In the older group of animals (Trial 1), small differences were recorded between treated and control animals in faecal worm egg output and levels of serum pepsinogen as monitored throughout the grazing season. A significant mean liveweight advantage of 20.27 kg (P less than 0.001) was observed in the bolus treated group. However, unrecorded pregnancy could not be excluded with certainty as a factor responsible for weight differences. The use of the morantel sustained release bolus provided an adequate protection against parasitic gastroenteritis in the first season grazing calves (Trial 2) despite the fact that bolus-treated animals were co-mingled with control animals. Both the worm egg counts and serum pepsinogen values were lower in the bolus-treated group. The morantel sustained release bolus was well tolerated in both trials. PMID- 6225240 TI - Grazing study in Ireland using the morantel sustained release bolus for controlling nematodiasis in calves. AB - The morantel sustained release bolus was administered at turnout to first-season grazing calves in order to assess its efficacy in the seasonal control of infection by nematode parasites in Ireland. The pastures grazed by control calves showed a marked increase in gastrointestinal trichostrongylid infective larvae by September, while numbers of infective larvae on pasture grazed by bolus-treated calves remained at a low level throughout the grazing season. In consequence, the controls showed significantly higher worm egg counts in late season and significantly higher worm burdens (mainly Ostertagia spp) at necropsy carried out in November on representative number of principal animals selected from each group. These reduced worm burdens were attributed to the suppression of egg output during the early part of the season as a result of treatment with the morantel sustained release bolus at turnout in the spring. Pasture contamination with Dictyocaulus viviparus larvae was present on all treatment pastures. The bolus-treated calves however were subjected to an increase in D. viviparus infection which occurred on their pasture in late season after the active life of the bolus had expired. It was concluded that bolus treatment delayed (rather than prevented) the buildup of D. viviparus infection on the pasture by 60-90 days. PMID- 6225241 TI - The use of a morantel sustained release bolus in the seasonal control of parasitic gastroenteritis in second-season cattle. AB - The efficacy of a morantel sustained release bolus was evaluated during the 1980 summer grazing season in 216 yearling, second-season cattle in nine trials in West Germany. In five trials individual farms were used, in which medicated and control groups could be grazed on adjacent pastures. In four additional trials medicated and control groups were maintained on separate farms where the sites and management practice were matched as far as possible. Faecal worm egg counts, herbage larval counts and weight gain were monitored at regular intervals throughout the season. The faecal output of gastrointestinal nematode eggs was reduced by 55.8 percent in the medicated animals during the period from May to early August, while worm egg counts were equal to that of the control animals during the later part of the season. Herbage larval counts were similar on pastures grazed by medicated and nonmedicated cattle. In the five trials where individual farms were used the average daily weight gains over the entire grazing period were 900 (+/- 222) g/animal/day in the medicated group compared with 826 (+/- 263) g/animal in the nonmedicated cattle, a non-significant advantage. No advantage for the treated over the control groups was detected in the additional 4 trials but this was attributed largely to the difficulty in obtaining comparable groups of animals in comparable grazing conditions in "matching" farms, leading to inter-farm variation. PMID- 6225242 TI - The use of the morantel sustained release bolus under special farm practices (deprime system) in France. AB - The efficacy of the morantel sustained release bolus in controlling gastrointestinal and lungworm parasites when used in first-season grazing animals which followed older animals onto spring pasture (deprime system) was assessed in three trials conducted in Normandy, France. In each trial first-season grazing calves were equally allocated onto two separate but equivalent paddocks where they remained throughout the grazing season. A morantel sustained release bolus was administered to one group of animals at turnout, the other group remained as controls. The effect of the treatment on contamination of pasture (herbage larval counts and tracer worm counts), on faecal worm egg and lungworm larval counts, and on weight gain performance of the principal animals was assessed. In all three trials, worm egg output in the bolus-treated animals was substantially lower throughout the season compared with the control animals. Worm burdens of tracer calves grazing pastures of the treated cattle were also reduced compared with tracer calves grazing control pastures. Clinical parasitic gastroenteritis occurred in the control animals but not in the bolus-treated animals in one trial. Overall the bolus-treated animals outperformed the controls by a mean weight gain advantage of 10.5 kg (P less than 0.01). PMID- 6225243 TI - Studies on the interaction between an irradiated bovine lungworm vaccine and a morantel sustained release bolus. AB - The interaction of the morantel sustained release bolus with the development of immunity in calves vaccinated with two doses of gamma irradiated (40 Kr) Dictyocaulus viviparus larvae was investigated under laboratory conditions. A total of 37 helminth-naive calves were used. Eight calves were used in the first part of the study to test the efficacy of a larval vaccine prepared by using gamma rays delivered from a cobalt source. In the second part of the study, four groups of four groups of four calves each were vaccinated and of these, all the animals in two groups each received a bolus. The remaining three groups (two groups of four and one group of five calves each) remained nonvaccinated with each animal in one group receiving a bolus. All the calves were challenged with approximately 2000 lungworm larvae four months postvaccination. In order to simulate possible field conditions, two of the vaccinated groups and two of the nonvaccinated groups were given a trickle infection of 800 lungworm larvae over a four-week period, three months prior to challenge. Based on a comparison of clinical signs, pathology and lungworm burdens at necropsy, the vaccination of the calves conferred a significant degree of protection (P less than 0.001) to a subsequent challenge compared with controls. The introduction of a morantel sustained release bolus and/or a trickle infection had no effect on the high degree of protection engendered by the vaccination. Nonvaccinated calves given a trickle infection, with or without a bolus, were also highly immune to challenge. PMID- 6225244 TI - Immunoelectron microscopic study of plasma protein pathways through the abnormal intestinal vasculature of HgCl2 induced immune disease in brown Norway rats. AB - Localization of immune deposits (ID) and the pathway of circulating serum proteins through the intestinal vasculature have been studied in 40 Brown Norway (BN) rats poisoned by mercuric chloride, using anti-peroxidase IgG as tracer. ID were found in all vessels but were initially detected along the epithelial basement membrane of villi and in pericytic venules and veins. ID were found in all the layers of the vessel walls. In pericytic or myocytic vessels, no ID were detected outside the adventitial lamina densa. ID trapped non immune IgG. Abnormal pathways were only found in venular capillaries and in pericytic venules with large gaps between endothelial junctions. ID were particularly abundant in these vessels. PMID- 6225245 TI - Studies on polylysogens containing lambda N-cI- prophages. II. Role of high multiplicities in lysogen formation by lambda N-cI- phage. AB - Results of the experiments presented in this paper show that lambda N-cI- phage can lysogenize a nonpermissive host Escherichia coli when it infects at very high multiplicities (around 100), and lambda N-cI-cII- and lambda cIII-N-cI- lysogenize poorly at similar high multiplicities. The latter two phages lysogenize with appreciable frequency when either lambda N-cI- or lambda int-cN cI-cII- is used as helper. The phages, lambda N-cI-, lambda N-cI-cII-, and lambda cIII-N-cI- can lysogenize also at relatively low m.o.i. of 20 in presence of the above lambda int-c helper, and the lambda int-cN-cI-cII- phage alone forms converted lysogens at an m.o.i. as low as 12. All these results suggest that the establishment of prophage integration by lambda N-cI- is positively regulated, like lambda N+cI+ phage, by the cII/cIII-promoted expression of the int gene of lambda, and under the N- condition, high multiplicities are needed to provide optimum levels of cII and cIII products, especially the latter. PMID- 6225246 TI - [Role of nutrition in the development of functional shifts in the thyroid]. AB - The authors studied the effect of the diets differing in macroelements and trace elements (excess silicon in association with moderate deficiency of iodine and cobalt) on thyroid function in normal people living in the endemic regions with regard to goiter. The shifts in thyroid function were found to correlate with the increased content of silicon and some other trace elements in the diets. The silicon subregion is marked by the incidence of dysthyrosis of the thyroid gland. PMID- 6225247 TI - S-sulfonation: a reversible chemical modification of human immunoglobulins permitting intravenous application. II. Effect on Fc-mediated effector functions. AB - The generation and release of mediators of inflammation and anaphylaxis via activation of complement or of Fc receptor-bearing cells is held responsible for adverse reactions observed upon intravenous administration of standard immunoglobulins. They are caused by immunoglobulin G (IgG) effector functions predominantly located in the Fc region of the molecule and 'activated' by aggregate formation. Their functional activity depends on the correct conformation of the C gamma 2 domains of Fc and are therefore impaired or even abrogated by S-sulfonation of the hinge disulfide bonds, as demonstrated in this communication: S-sulfonated IgG (S-IgG) has no anticomplementary activity and does not interact with Fc-receptors anymore. After antigen binding, i.e. immune complex (IC) formation, sulfonated IgG is about half as potent as standard IgG in complement activation or phagocyte stimulation (human monocytes and granulocytes). The two activities synergize, however, so that in the presence of complement S-IgG IC are as effective phagocyte activators as standard IC. Moreover, S-sulfonation being the only chemical modification of immunoglobulins that is reversible, it can be demonstrated that all IgG effector functions important for antigen removal are regained by reconstitution of the disulfide bonds. PMID- 6225248 TI - [Epidemiological analysis of the influenza virus A carrier state in healthy children]. AB - Clinical and laboratory examinations in two permanently observed children's institutions were carried out in 1968--1978. Altogether, 241 children were examined virologically 759 times, of them 181 children were found to be truly healthy. In the epidemic period the latter yielded virus in 3.7%, in the interepidemic period in 1%. Unlike asymptomatic infection, transitory virus carrier state was not accompanied by antibody production, and in a number of such cases subsequently led to an overt clinical disease. PMID- 6225250 TI - [Theoretical basis of the manual therapy of functional pain syndromes of the locomotor system]. PMID- 6225249 TI - [New type of DNA structural organization in the composition of bacteriophage Sb-1 particles]. AB - Spectrophotometric melting and chemical modification procedures were used for comparative study of parameters of DNA structure in particles of phages Sb-1 and FI-5 possessing spherical symmetry of the heads. Like in other phages of this morphological group, some part of DNA structure in FI-5 phage particles is disarrayed and has changed reactive capacity of basic aminogroups. Another type of DNA structural organization in situ was found with staphylococcal phage Sb-1. According to the results of melting process and pattern of interaction with 4.5% formaldehyde, DNA in particles of this phage throughout had base stacking. Basic aminogroups of DNA in situ are most likely completely involved in intramolecular complementary interactions and are not subjected to oximethylation under reaction conditions. PMID- 6225251 TI - [Dental-surgical measures in patients with hemorrhagic diatheses]. PMID- 6225252 TI - [Clinical aspects, pathogenesis and therapy of acne vulgaris]. PMID- 6225253 TI - [Anxiety as a state and anxiety as a personality trait in patients with alopecia areata, rosacea and lichen ruber planus]. AB - Our study comprised the examination of 120 persons by psychological methods. Every 30 of them were patients with alopecia areata, rosacea, lichen ruber planus, and healthy skin. The results revealed that patients suffering from skin diseases may be characterized by different anxiety conditions. Patients with rosacea turned out to possess a high level of anxiety trait: accordingly, their reactions towards the disease showed a higher level of anxiety state than could be observed in alopecia areata or lichen ruber planus patients. With regard to rosacea etiopathogenesis, psychogenic factors seem to play a special part if compared to the other diseases. In most of the cases, traumatogenic situations preceded the appearance of dermatoses and aggravated their signs and symptoms. PMID- 6225255 TI - [Coccygeal pain and masked depression]. PMID- 6225254 TI - [Resolutions of the Society of Scientific Medical Specialties on disease status and prevalence of disabilities]. PMID- 6225256 TI - [Lumbosacral nerve compression syndrome. Diagnostic procedures with special reference to computer tomography]. PMID- 6225257 TI - [Lumbosacral backaches. Treatment using local infiltration with local anesthetics and depot corticosteroids]. PMID- 6225258 TI - [State and perspectives of the development of medical science in Byelorussia]. PMID- 6225259 TI - [State and perspectives of the development of medical science in the RSFSR]. PMID- 6225260 TI - [State and perspectives of the development of medical science in the Azerbaijan SSR]. PMID- 6225261 TI - [Medical science in the Kirghiz SSR]. PMID- 6225262 TI - [Immunochemical status of psoriasis patients treated with hemosorption]. PMID- 6225263 TI - [Case of chromomycosis due to the species Phialophora compacta newly isolated in the USSR]. PMID- 6225264 TI - [Current status of the theory and practice of skin allergological testing]. PMID- 6225265 TI - [Effectiveness of using antimicrobial underwear for preventing pyodermatitis in Don bass miners]. PMID- 6225266 TI - [Gonorrhea detection in obstetrical and gynecological institutions]. PMID- 6225267 TI - Comparison of fecal flora of mice based upon different strains and different housing conditions. PMID- 6225268 TI - [Caries-protective effectiveness of fluoride-enriched drinking water under the climatic conditions of Cuba]. PMID- 6225269 TI - [Formation of a cementum layer and a regular periodontium around an endosseous implant in the rabbit jaw]. PMID- 6225270 TI - [Tissue tolerance studies of dental nickel-chrome alloys by scanning electron microscopy of the morphogenesis of cell cultures in direct contact]. PMID- 6225271 TI - [Necessity for stump treatment for the vital preservation of the pulp--scanning electron microscopy studies of the dentin wound and the dentin wound dressings]. PMID- 6225272 TI - [Results of clinical studies of patients with different crown-bar constructions]. PMID- 6225273 TI - [Fully automated measurement of the flow of chyme into re-entrant cannulas]. PMID- 6225274 TI - [Detection of the tularemia zoonosis in the territory of the Kartlian Plain]. AB - The natural focus of tularemia was found to cover the whole territory of the Kartlian plain. Epizooty occurred mainly among common voles with the involvement of insectivorous voles. Hard ticks, gamasids and fleas infected with Francisella tularensis were detected. Rodents highly sensitive to tularemia can be affected by this infection. Water rats were not involved into the enzootic process. Further studies are necessary for the final solution of this problem. PMID- 6225275 TI - [Etiological structure of icterohemorrhagic leptospirosis in gray rats (Rattus norvegicus)]. AB - In 93 Leptospira strains isolated from Norwegian rats serovar determination was made. As a result, leptospires circulating among Norwegian rats were found to belong mainly to serovar copenhageni, group Icterohaemorrhagiae, while leptospires of serovar icterohaemorrhagiae, even if occurring, were found only in the animals inhabiting pigsties. Leptospirosis epizooty among rats, caused by L. icterohaemorrhagiae, took its course independently of leptospirosis epizooty among mice, caused by L. hebdomadis, and simultaneously with it. PMID- 6225276 TI - [Taxonomy and ecology of brucellosis pathogens isolated from Muridae in the northern foothills of the Caucasus mountains. I. Cultural and biochemical properties of Brucella isolated from Muridae]. AB - The results of the study of 65 Brucella strains isolated from myomorphous rodents in the Northern Caucasus are presented. The study was made with the aim of finding out additional characteristics for the identification of these strains. Using the main tests recommended by the FAO/WHO Subcommittee on the Taxonomy of Brucella, as well as some additional tests, we have revealed that the strains under study are very similar to B. suis. At the same time their capacity for agglutination with anti-melitensis monospecific serum, their high sensitivity to pyronin B, safranine T and gentian violet, their low urease activity and their oxidizing activity in respect to L-alanine, L-asparagine, L-glutamic acid, L arginine, DL-ornithine, DL-citrullin and L-livin make it possible to consider them the fifth independent biotype of B. suis. PMID- 6225277 TI - [The role of the population gene pool in meningococcal infection morbidity]. AB - The character of the distribution of HLA antigens in patients with meningococcal infection among Russians and Touvinians was revealed. The markers of susceptibility to meningococcal infection were detected in each national group. These markers were HLA-Bw22 in Touvinians. The gene of susceptibility to meningococcal infection occurred among Touvinians 2.3 times more frequently. This was probably the cause of a higher morbidity rate in meningococcal infection among Touvinians than among Russians. PMID- 6225278 TI - [Local blood flow and metabolism in a focus of cerebral crushing]. AB - Study of ECoG, local cerebral circulation, and brain pO2 in 39 patients in the acute period of severe craniocerebral injury, as well as morphohistochemical measurements around the focus of crushing (in experiments) showed that the transitional zone is a risk zone because the "enzymatic death" of the tissue of this zone occurring at the moment of the injury predetermines extension of the areas of necrosis later on. The most effective measure is the removal not only of the detritus but also of the transitional zone of the focus within the range of tissue that had hardly suffered any changes and the inclusion of vasoactive and dehydration agents in the therapeutic complex. PMID- 6225279 TI - [Ultrastructure of the lymphatic vessels of the urinary bladder]. AB - The fine structure and morphological aspects of superficial and deep lymphatic vessels of Chiroptera' bladder (Vesperugo savi and Rinolophus f.e.) have been studied, under seasonal, physiological conditions of different lymphatic flux (winter lethargic state and summertime). The endothelial walls of subepithelial, intramuscular and subserosal-peritoneal, lymphatic networks show an uninterrupted course together with both simple and complex intercellular contacts, constantly jointed by specialized junctional complexes, such as zonulae adhaerentes and occludentes. The abluminal surface is often almost entirely encircled by a thick layer of fibrillary connective tissue. Seasonal cytological modifications of possible importance and morphological aspects typical of the each individual network have not been detected in the lymphatic endothelium. On the other hand the abundance distribution of clear intracytoplasmic vesicles and the frequent occurrence of micropinocytotic vesicles in the luminal and abluminal membrane surface have been shown. Canalicular structures have also been demonstrated, even if quantitatively less numerous with respect to those seen in the chiliferous vessels of the same species of Chiroptera. The Authors believe that most of the transendothelial transport in the above mentioned lymphatic vessels occur through the micropinocytotic vesicles and also through the intra-endothelial channels made up by the vessel wall, without any intervention of intercellular contacts or specialized junctions. The possible role of substances within the interstitium in inducing the appearance of canaliculi in the endothelial wall is discussed. PMID- 6225280 TI - [Psychological study of patients with implanted pacemakers]. AB - A psychological research on 80 patients with implanted pace-makers was carried out in order to explore their psychological adjustments following surgery. A questionnaire of 29 questions has been used. We explore the presence of anxiety due to the heart disease, to the operation or to the following period. Moreover the modification of social and family life, the relationship with the surgeon and the family doctor and, finally, the body image have been considered. The results show that the patients with implanted pace-makers, usually are able to subdue their anxiety and to recompose a good psychological equilibrium, mainly because of their favorable familiar and/or social environment. PMID- 6225281 TI - [Histological changes in the rat testis and epididymis caused by total and partial pinealectomy]. AB - Histological changes of testis and epididymis after partial and total pinealectomy in albino rat have been studied. After 8 and 16 days from total pinealectomy, testicular parenchyma showed morphological aspects of hypotrophy characterized by the absence of spermatozoa in tubular lumen and by tubules lined by an immature seminiferous epithelium. At the 21st day we have noticed a restoration of normal spermatogenesis. Leydig and Sertoli cells did not state significative modifications. After 8 and 16 days from the operation epididymal canalicula presented a narrowed lumen, lined by a pseudostratified columnar epithelium and occupied by numerous immature spermatogenic cells. After partial epiphysectomy we did not notice any significative modification both in the testicular and epididymal parenchyma. A participation of epiphysis cerebri in temporal regulation of spermatogenesis in albino rat male gonads has been hypothesized. PMID- 6225282 TI - [The fine structure of the lymphatic vessels of the urinary bladder of small Chelonia (Testudo graeca and Emys europea)]. AB - The fine structure of lymphatic vessels in the subepithelial, intramuscular and subserosal layers of the bladder of small Chelonia (Testudo graeca and Emys europaea) have been investigated during the winter and summer seasons. The vessels are made up of flat endothelial cells, which abluminal surface is encircled by a thick layer of connective fibrils. Peripheral cytoplasmatic processes of adjacent endothelial cells are connected by specialized junctional complexes (zonulae adhaerentes and occludentes) and show an uninterrupted course. No seasonal cytological modification is noted, whereas some morphological aspects typical of each individual network can be detected. Comparative aspects and the presence of intra endothelial channels are stressed. The latter, together with micropinocytotic vesicles, seem to play an essential role in the exchanges with the interstitium, while the intercellular junctions do not undergo any modification. PMID- 6225283 TI - [Malignant neoplasms of the extrahepatic bile ducts and Vater's papilla: clinico therapeutic study]. AB - No changes in prognosis of extrahepatic bile ducts malignant tumors was observed in the last years, in spite of modern tomographic procedures: only occasionally an early diagnosis resulting possible. Jaundice is the presentation sign of the disease, allowing in most cases when the site of tumor is the papilla of Vater or distal common bile duct a radical surgery but only palliative procedures when the tumor arises in the gallbladder or at the hepatic duct junction. Survival data from literature and personal experience indicate limited late results for radical surgery together with high operatory mortality. In the field of palliative surgery transtumoral drains appear to offer better results. PMID- 6225284 TI - [Obliterating arteriopathy of the lower extremities in young adults: reflexions and considerations on some epidemiological, clinical, angiographic and therapeutic aspects]. AB - The authors report their experience about juvenile arteriopathy and analysing their cases (42). They discuss about the character of a real nosologic entity of this pathology. The clinical symptoms, the arteriographic pictures and particularly the pathologic lesions verified in this study aren't different from these that are found in the chronic atherosclerotic arteriopathies. PMID- 6225285 TI - [Autoscopic occipital seizures and occipital poroencephalic lesion: considerations on a case]. AB - Autoscopy is an hallucinatory phenomenon during which the subject see his own image. It may be caused by organic processes like migraine, vascular diseases, tumoral lesions, and exceptionally by epileptic seizure. The case of 15 years old boy is reported, affected by hemianopia, surgically treated squint, who presented occipital epileptic seizures consisting of autoscopic hallucinations, leftward conjugate eye deviation, followed by a typical major seizures. A right parieto occipital epileptic focus was a constant finding on EEG. On CT a poroencephalic cyst in the corresponding cerebral region could be demonstrated. PMID- 6225286 TI - [The fine structure of the efferent ductules of the duct of the epididymis of some Chiroptera (Vesperugo savi and Vesperugo piccolo)]. AB - The fine structure of the epithelium lining the ductuli efferentes and the ductus epididymis of Chiroptera (Vesperugo savi and Vesperugo piccolo) has been investigated. The epithelium of ductuli efferentes is composed of two cell types: principal and ciliated cells, while the ductus epididymis shows four cell types: principal, clear, basal cells and lymphocytes. Cytological differences in principal and clear cells are described, which allow to subdivide epididymis into three regions: head, body and tail. It has also been possible to recognize in these cells both an absorbing and a synthetic function. Cytological features of principal and clear cells in relation to epididymis' function of spermatidic maturation are discussed. PMID- 6225287 TI - [Current opinions concerning some pathological conditions of the mouth]. AB - The mucosal pathological lesions of oral cavity in literature are reviewed and the Authors report about etiopathogenesis, development and clinic of herpetic infection, oral candidosis, lichen and white spongious naevus. They discuss the utility of a combined clinic among stomatologist, internist and dermatologist in order to have a satisfactory treatment of the diagnosed illness. PMID- 6225288 TI - [Seasonal cyclic changes of the epithelium of the epididymis]. AB - The cyclical and seasonal modifications of the various epididymis regions (ductuli efferentes, head, body and tail) of Chiroptera (Vesperugo savi and Vesperugo piccolo) have been investigated. The ultrastructural seasonal features noticed in the ductus epididymis and principal, clear cells content confirm a double function (absorbing and synthetic) in these cells. Beside it, they seem to underline a close relationship with the phases of spermatogenesis and the eventually significant contributions of the epididymis regions to the spermatozoa maturation. PMID- 6225289 TI - Therapeutical approach of hypercalcemia in malignancy. PMID- 6225290 TI - Effect of hypo- and hyperthyroidism on the balance between helper and suppressor T cells in rats. AB - The proportion of total, helper and suppressor T lymphocytes among mononuclear cell preparations from blood and spleen of rats made hypo- and hyperthyroid was measured using three monoclonal antibodies specifically directed against total, helper and suppressor T cells. Compared to normal rats, hypothyroid (thyroidectomized or treated with 6-propyl-2-thiouracil (PTU) rats had a decreased proportion of suppressor T cells in the spleen, which produced an increase in the helper/suppressor T cells ratio. The opposite alterations (increased suppressor T cells and decreased ratio) was found in the blood of the same animals. Triiodothyronine (T3) added to PTU in the drinking water prevented these alterations. Animals treated with high doses of T3 for 17 days did not develop any alteration either in the proportions or in the ratio of helper/suppressor T cells. Our results suggest that hypothyroidism but not hyperthyroidism alters the normal balance between helper and suppressor T cells in rats. PMID- 6225291 TI - [Inhibition of donor's mixed lymphocyte culture and phytohemagglutinin response by chimeric mononuclear cells of an allogenic marrow transplant patient]. PMID- 6225292 TI - Tolerance of tetrabenazine during long-term treatment. AB - Side-effects, haematological, hepatic and renal changes during long-term treatment with tetrabenazine (Nitoman) were assessed in a multicentre trial of 124 patients with various hyperkinetic syndromes. Side-effects were infrequent and usually mild. They necessitated discontinuation of therapy in 5 cases. Changes in clinico-chemical tests during 12 months on tetrabenazine were always minor, nearly always unsystematic and, on the whole, tended more towards a normalization of values than the opposite. Even recognizing the limitations inherent in a uncontrolled trial, we conclude that long-term treatment with tetrabenazine seems to be quite safe. PMID- 6225294 TI - [Central machanisms involved in anti-arrhythmic action of vanilol]. PMID- 6225293 TI - The cardiac atrioventricular conduction system in familial amyloidosis with polyneuropathy. A clinico-pathologic study of six cases from Northern Sweden. AB - Cardiac conduction disturbances are frequent in amyloidosis with cardiac involvement, but the pathogenesis of these electrocardiographic abnormalities is not clear. In the present study, the conduction systems in six patients with the Swedish variety of familial amyloidosis with polyneuropathy (FAP), have been analyzed. The results suggest that in FAP, direct amyloid infiltration of the atrioventricular conduction system accounts for the majority of the electrocardiographic disturbances. PMID- 6225295 TI - [Anti-arrhythmic action of cimetidine]. PMID- 6225296 TI - [Anti-aconitinic effects of CaCl2 and atropine]. PMID- 6225297 TI - [Hemodynamic effects of total alkaloids of Uncaria macrophylla in anesthetized dogs]. PMID- 6225298 TI - [Effects of praziquantel on isolated pig coronary arteries and coronary blood flow in anesthetized dogs]. PMID- 6225300 TI - [Antagonism of antifertility effect of gossypol by aspirin]. PMID- 6225299 TI - Effects of thallium sulfate on cardiovascular and respiratory systems of various animals. PMID- 6225301 TI - [Some pharmacological actions of ginseng saponins]. PMID- 6225302 TI - [Effect of 3-cyclopentyl propionate of megestrol acetate on uteroglobin secretion in early pregnant rabbits]. PMID- 6225303 TI - [Effects of tetrandrine on contractility of isolated rat uterus]. PMID- 6225304 TI - [Pharmacokinetic formulae of dosage schemes for intravenous drips of antibiotics]. PMID- 6225305 TI - [Effect of chloroquine on different stages of asexual forms of Plasmodium falciparum in culture]. PMID- 6225306 TI - [Comparison between Scatchard and dose/response ratio equations]. PMID- 6225307 TI - [Calculation of rate constants for linear three-compartment open models]. PMID- 6225308 TI - [Central effects of anisodamine, atropine, anisodine and scopolamine after intraventricular injection]. PMID- 6225309 TI - [Potentiation of pentobarbital hypnosis by nitrodiphenylaminoisothiocyanate]. PMID- 6225310 TI - [Inhibitory effect of morphine on guinea pig ileum contraction was modified by four monoamine blockers]. PMID- 6225311 TI - [Spasmolytic actions of active principles of volatile oil of Acorus gramineus]. PMID- 6225312 TI - [Effects of nicardipine on vertebral vascular resistance in anesthetized dogs and spontaneous activity in mice]. PMID- 6225313 TI - A double-blind comparison of zimelidine and desipramine in endogenous depression. AB - Zimelidine, a specific 5HT uptake inhibitor (final dose 225 mg), and desipramine, mainly a noradrenaline uptake inhibitor (final dose 150 mg), were given in random order to 24 in- and out-patients fulfilling the Research Diagnostic Criteria for Major Depressive Disorder, definite or probable endogenous type, for a 3-week treatment period. Nonresponders were crossed over to the other drug for another 3 weeks. There was a nonsignificant trend towards more overall improvement on desipramine. Some patients in both groups showed very little change during 3 weeks, indicating a bimodal distribution of response to either drug. Several nonresponders improved markedly upon direct crossing over to the other drug. There were few and mild side effects on both drugs, with no significant difference between them. No significant correlation was found between improvement and plasma concentrations of zimelidine, norzimelidine, or desipramine, whereas a significant positive correlation was found between improvement and platelet serotonin uptake inhibition (measured in fresh platelets incubated in diluted plasma from the patients) in zimelidine-treated patients. PMID- 6225314 TI - Behavior and the basal ganglia. PMID- 6225315 TI - Dementia in Huntington disease: a cross-sectional analysis of intellectual decline. PMID- 6225316 TI - Clinical neurophysiology of aging and dementia. PMID- 6225317 TI - [Evaluation of the success of reconstructing young permanent teeth with composite materials (Concise)]. PMID- 6225318 TI - Chemical cholecystitis associated with hepatic artery infusion chemotherapy. AB - The gallbladder often is included within the infusion territory during hepatic arterial chemotherapy, because the cystic artery usually originates from the right hepatic artery. Symptomatic cholecystitis associated with hepatic arterial infusion of mitomycin C and floxuridine or 5-fluorouracil was observed in four instances out of over 700 hepatic arterial infusions of chemotherapeutic agents performed over a 3-year period at two institutions. Arterial infusion chemotherapy is generally well tolerated by the gallbladder, and the true incidence of associated cholecystitis is unknown. Occasionally, angiographic features of cholecystitis are observed in asymptomatic patients after hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy. PMID- 6225320 TI - Hysterosalpingography and laparoscopy: a comparative study. AB - Twenty-six women were evaluated with both hysterosalpingography and laparoscopy. The hysterosalpingograms were reviewed independently by two radiologists. Postdrainage films were obtained in 19 of 26 patients. A high false-negative rate (44.9% overall) and low specificity (20.6%) were observed. The postdrainage film contributed to a correct diagnosis in only four of 38 tubes evaluated by the first radiologist and in none evaluated by the second radiologist. Hysterosalpingography is valuable as a screening procedure for identifying abnormals but is not specific in differentiating tubal adhesions from tubal obstructions. It is recommended that preliminary films not be obtained routinely and that postdrainage films be reserved for cases where fluoroscopic and spot film findings are equivocal. PMID- 6225319 TI - Complementary roles of CT and 131I-MIBG scintigraphy in diagnosing pheochromocytoma. AB - Recently 131I-MIBG (metaiodobenzylguanidine), an adrenergic tissue-localizing radiopharmaceutical, has been used for diagnosis of pheochromocytoma. In a retrospective study of 32 patients with pathologically proved primary, metastatic, or recurrent pheochromocytoma, the roles of 131I-MIBG scintigraphy and computed tomography (CT) in pheochromocytoma detection were compared. The two methods were equally accurate in the identification of primary and recurrent pheochromocytoma. 131I-MIBG scanning was more accurate as the initial examination in patients with extraadrenal tumors. In patients with metastatic disease, scintigraphy was preferable to CT because of its nontomographic nature, which permitted imaging of the entire body. Although a positive MIBG scan is diagnostic of pheochromocytoma, CT of extraadrenal tumors (particularly in the chest) has been very useful in planning appropriate surgical intervention. Furthermore, the roles of 131I-MIBG scintigraphy and CT in the detection of pheochromocytoma are complementary because each method has certain limitations. PMID- 6225321 TI - Motor performance and self-concept of handicapped and non-handicapped children in integrated physical education classes. PMID- 6225322 TI - Evaluation of an exercise program for back pain. AB - A six-week exercise program for people with low back pain was established at YMCAs throughout the United States. Classes met twice weekly with trained instructors. Participants exercised at home as well. About 80 percent of the nearly 12,000 participants reported a decrease in discomfort, including those who had previously undergone back surgery. A decrease in pain correlated with adherence to the program and with measured improvement in strength and flexibility. PMID- 6225323 TI - Aortic balloon valvuloplasty. PMID- 6225324 TI - Neonatal transluminal balloon coarctation angioplasty. PMID- 6225325 TI - Clinical spectrum of pericardial effusion as the presenting feature of hypothyroidism. PMID- 6225326 TI - Left ventricular hemangioma masquerading as Mycoplasma pericarditis. PMID- 6225327 TI - Preliminary study of mycoflora and mycotoxins in grain dust from New Orleans area grain elevators. AB - Dust particles arising from disintegration of grain during handling and shipping may be inhaled by exposed barge and elevator workers. Since the normal grain mycoflora usually contain mycotoxin-producing fungi, these toxins could be natural contaminants of grain dust. Known mycoflora of commercial grain include species of Penicillium, Aspergillus, and Fusarium-fungi that may produce ochratoxins, aflatoxins and zearalenone. A procedure was developed to extract simultaneously these toxins from grain dust. Initial extraction with methylene chloride and water was followed by specific cleanup procedures for each toxin and then by thin layer chromatographic quantitation. In 50-g samples the lowest level of detection for zearalenone was 50 ng of zearalenone/g of dust, for ochratoxin, 10 ng/g and for aflatoxin, 5 ng/g. Dust samples were collected at various locations in two grain elevators and their associated transfer facilities in the New Orleans area. Large amounts of dust that had settled upon floors, machinery and ledges were tested, as well as that which had been collected by dust control systems. Samples were analyzed for aflatoxins, ochratoxin A, and zearalenone. None of the 15 samples contained any detectable amount of aflatoxins or ochratoxin A, but 10 of the 15 samples contained zearalenone at levels from 25 to 100 ng/g. PMID- 6225328 TI - Effects induced on blood platelets in ischemic and nonischemic myocardium. AB - The function of blood platelets sampled from the coronary sinus and the superior vena cava was studied in 50 men with coronary artery disease at rest and during pacing-induced angina. At rest, a lower platelet aggregation and retention response was found in coronary sinus compared with vena caval blood. This may be due to refractoriness after previous platelet stimulation or to release of platelet inhibitors in the coronary circulation. During pacing-induced angina, lactate levels indicated that blood was sampled from ischemic myocardium in only 27 of the patients. Pacing-induced angina influenced platelet function differently in blood from ischemic and nonischemic regions. Adenosine diphosphate and collagen-induced aggregation, platelet retention and plasma beta thromboglobulin levels remained unchanged in blood from ischemic myocardium during pacing, but increased in blood from nonischemic regions. Thus, factors other than ischemia activated platelets in the coronary circulation during tachycardia-induced stress. PMID- 6225329 TI - Percutaneous balloon pulmonary valvuloplasty. AB - Percutaneous balloon pulmonary valvuloplasty (BPV) was performed in 18 consecutive patients with valvular pulmonary stenosis (PS) with no associated cardiac defects. The patients were 11 months to 19 years of age. The balloon was positioned across the pulmonary valve and inflated to pressures of 80, 100, and 120 pounds/square inch (psi). Each inflation lasted approximately 10 seconds. Peak systolic pulmonary valve gradient (delta P) and cardiac output were measured before and 15 minutes after BPV. There was no change in cardiac output, but all patients had an improved delta P. The prevalvuloplasty delta P was 81 +/- 31 mm Hg, decreasing to 23 +/- 11 mm Hg after BPV (p less than 0.01). The right ventricular peak systolic pressure decreased from 106 +/- 31 to 50 +/- 12 mm Hg (p less than 0.01). No pulmonary regurgitation was noted after BPV. The balloons were 12 or 15 mm in diameter, chosen according to the diameter of the pulmonary valve anulus. Pressures of 100 to 120 psi were required to achieve full inflation of the balloons. BPV also was performed in a patient with tetralogy of Fallot. Subsequent total repair provided an opportunity to observe the mechanism of the dilatation. Evidence of a small tear alongside the anterior valve raphe was noted. BPV induced a significant decrease in delta P and may offer an alternative method for treating PS. PMID- 6225330 TI - Dietary management of oculocutaneous tyrosinemia in an 11-year-old child. AB - An 11-year-old girl with keratitis and plantar keratosis had tyrosinemia. The concentration of tyrosine in the plasma was 16.5 mg/dL. Dietary intake of phenylalanine and tyrosine was systematically varied, and the plasma concentrations of tyrosine and nitrogen balance were studied. It was necessary to achieve a total intake of phenylalanine and tyrosine less than 100 mg/kg/day to obtain plasma concentrations of tyrosine of less than 10 mg/dL. After dietary therapy was started, the keratitis resolved promptly, and the patient remained asymptomatic during a period of 16 months in which the mean plasma concentration of tyrosine was 11.1 mg/dL. The dietary management of a child at this age presents a different problem from that of a young infant. It can be successfully pursued at home, as well as in the carefully regulated environment of a clinical research center. PMID- 6225331 TI - Exfoliative dermatitis in an infant. Association with enterotoxin F-producing staphylococci. AB - A 2-month-old premature infant had an extensive exfoliative dermatitis with flaccid bullae, mucous membrane involvement, thrombocytopenia, and an elevated creatinine kinase level. A subepidermal cleavage plane with numerous necrotic epidermal cells and a polymorphonuclear cell infiltrate were present on a skin biopsy specimen. The isolates of Staphylococcus aureus obtained at the onset of her disease had a 29/52 bacteriophage lysis pattern and produced enterotoxins C and F and epidermal toxin, but no exfolliatins. In toxic shock syndrome (TSS), subepidermal blister formation has been described and a new toxin, epidermal toxin, which causes subepidermal cleavage in the newborn mouse model, has been identified. In some infants, exfoliative dermatitis may be a variant of the well described TSS in older children and adults. PMID- 6225332 TI - Rectus sheath hematoma mimicking acute splenic disease. AB - In patients with hematological malignancies and splenomegaly, acute abdominal pain in the left upper quadrant is highly suspicious of splenic disease (i.e., hematoma, infarction, or rupture). We report the case of a patient with chronic myelogenous leukemia and splenomegaly who presented an unusual abdominal condition causing pain in the left upper quadrant, with a clinical presentation mimicking acute splenic disease. The diagnostic dilemma was resolved by ultrasonography, demonstrating a rectus sheath hematoma. PMID- 6225333 TI - In utero selection against fetuses with trisomy. PMID- 6225334 TI - Maternal age and altered embryonic selection: a reply to Carothers and to Warburton, Stein, and Kline. PMID- 6225335 TI - Two models for a maternal factor in the inheritance of Huntington disease. AB - Huntington disease is a classic example of an autosomal dominant trait. Over the years, however, a number of investigators have reported anomalies regarding the age of onset of the disease that are inconsistent with this paradigm. We propose two models in which a maternal factor--cytoplasmic in one case, autosomal or X linked in the other--acts to delay onset in a manner consistent with the previously reported anomalies. Relevant data from the Huntington's Disease Research Roster are presented that reinforce and extend the previous observations. PMID- 6225336 TI - Binding of selected drugs to a "treated" inline filter. AB - The binding of several drugs to an inline i.v. filter that had been treated to inhibit drug-binding was studied. Solutions of mithramycin, vincristine sulfate, digitoxin, insulin, dactinomycin, and nitroglycerin in both 5% dextrose injection and 0.9% sodium chloride injection were allowed to flow through an i.v. administration set containing a 0.22-micron cellulose ester filter that had been treated with a proprietary agent. Actual administration conditions were simulated by using drug concentrations and flow rates commonly employed in clinical practice. The amount of each drug retained by the filter was determined by assaying aliquots of the solutions sampled before and after the solution passed through the filter membrane. In a second experiment, drug binding to the filter membrane was measured by incubating small pieces of the treated membrane in drug solutions and determining concentrations periodically until equilibrium was reached. Untreated filter membrane pieces were used as a control. In the experiment simulating actual i.v. administration, cumulative binding of mithramycin, vincristine sulfate, dactinomycin, and nitroglycerin to the treated filter was less than 6% of the initial dose infused; approximately 8-12% of the initial amounts of digitoxin and insulin were bound to the filter. In the equilibrium binding studies, the untreated filters bound twice as much digitoxin, 5-7 times as much mithramycin, vincristine sulfate, and dactinomycin, and 20 times as much insulin as the treated filters. The amount of nitroglycerin bound to the treated and untreated filters was not substantially different. Insulin had a greater binding tendency in 5% dextrose injection than in 0.9% sodium chloride injection in both experiments regardless of the filter treatment. Treatment of a cellulose ester i.v. filter with the proprietary agent used in this study facilitates drug delivery through this filter. PMID- 6225337 TI - Possible introduction of Huntington's chorea into Pacific Islands by New England whalemen. AB - Huntington's disease (HD) has been reported in two isolated South Pacific islands, New Britain in Papua New Guinea, and Malaita in the Solomon Islands. The earliest presumptive choreics in these foci were born in the latter part of the 19th century, prior to the colonial period. It is known that these islands were visited by certain New England whalers in the precolonial era, and inspection of the crew lists of these whalers shows many men with surnames common to families in New England known to have produced HD individuals. In some instances, the name, age, and origin of whalemen correspond with those of known choreic individuals. It is suggested that New England whalemen carrying the trait for HD introduced the disease to these islands. PMID- 6225338 TI - A short-form of the Questionnaire on Resources and Stress. AB - The measurement of stress in families of developmentally delayed or mentally retarded children has been a difficult task. The Questionnaire on Resources and Stress (QRS, Holroyd, 1974) was designed to answer this need, but the length and psychometric weaknesses of this instrument have interfered with more widespread usage. In the present investigation, data from 289 QRSs were item analyzed, and 52 items emerged as most reliable, forming a short form of the QRS. These items were factor analyzed, and four distinct factors were found: Parent and Family Problems, Pessimism, Child Characteristics, and Physical Incapacitation. The correlation between the total scores of the QRS and this short form was .997. In Study 2 initial efforts at concurrent validation of this short form were reported. PMID- 6225339 TI - Urinary incontinence due to unconscious abdominal contractions. PMID- 6225340 TI - Ocular inflammatory disease: the lymphocyte redivivus. PMID- 6225341 TI - Complement-mediated binding of monocytes to intermediate filaments in vitro. AB - An in vitro model for complement (C)-mediated monocyte binding to injured cells is described. This model is based on the property of cytoskeletal intermediate filaments (IMF) to directly and independently activate serum C via the classic pathway. Fixed monolayers of cultured fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and L 132 epithelial cells were each used as targets. The authors first subjected the target cells to limited detergent extraction in order to make permeable the plasma membrane, and then exposed them to normal human serum. Immunohistologic analysis demonstrated that this process permitted binding of clearly demonstrable amounts of C1q, C4, and C3 to cytoplasmic loci containing IMF. The target cells were then incubated for various lengths of time with peripheral blood mononuclear cells containing about 20% monocytes. Preferential binding of monocytes was demonstrated by histochemical and immunologic staining methods. Only 5% of the attached cells were B lymphocytes. By transmission electron microscopy the attached cells exhibited typical monocyte morphology. Attachment to target cells involved contact with areas rich in IMFs and led to signs of activation; both an increased number of cytoplasmic organelles and phagocytosis of target cell material were observed. Attachment of monocytes was clearly dependent on serum treatment of the targets; the ratio was 10:1 when compared with control experiments using target cells that had not been incubated with serum. It is reasonable to consider that bound monocyte-derived macrophages associate with activated C components, most likely C3b fragments or C1q, for which monocyte surface receptors have been established. This mechanism may be triggered in various inflammatory reactions involving cell and tissue injury and as an event in the final stages of macrophage-mediated removal of injured or nonviable cells. PMID- 6225342 TI - Sodium-dependent succinate transport in renal outer cortical brush border membrane vesicles. AB - The transport of succinate into outer cortical brush border membrane vesicles (early proximal tubule) was studied. Succinate is taken up into an osmotically active space and exhibits the same distribution volume and the same degree of nonspecific binding and trapping as D-glucose. Succinate uptake is markedly enhanced by sodium and slightly enhanced by lithium but shows no stimulation by other monovalent cations tested. Kinetic analysis of the sodium-dependent component of succinate flux indicates a single transport site obeying Michaelis Menten kinetics (Km = 1 mM and Vmax = 50 nmol X min -1 X mg protein -1 as measured under zero trans conditions at 100 mM NaCl and 28 degrees C with delta psi = 0). Direct evidence is given that succinate transport is coupled to sodium and is rheogenic, involving the net transfer of positive charge. The sodium:succinate coupling stoichiometry is found to be 2:1 by two independent methods. PMID- 6225343 TI - Effects of histamine receptor stimulation on regional myocardial blood flow. AB - The effect of histamine (H) and specific H1 and H2 agonists and antagonists on regional myocardial blood flow was studied in anesthetized dogs by use of tracer microspheres. Intracoronary infusion of histamine (15 and 34 micrograms/min) produced a dose-related increase in transmural myocardial blood flow (from 0.82 to 1.36 and 2.25 ml X min-1 X g-1) without alteration of heart rate or blood pressure. Infusion of the H1 agonist 2-(2-thiazolyl)ethylamine (135 and 442 micrograms/min) produced an increase in transmural perfusion (from 0.69 to 1.22 and 1.65 ml X min-1 X g-1) and a significant (P less than 0.05) increase in the ratio of flow between subendocardium and subepicardium (endo/epi from 0.97 to 1.31 and 1.54). Infusion of the H2 agonist dimaprit (195 and 390 micrograms/min) produced an increase in transmural myocardial blood flow (from 0.97 to 1.49 and 2.00 ml X min-1 X g-1) without a change in endo/epi. The H1-mediated increase in regional myocardial perfusion and endo/epi was blocked by the H1 antagonist diphenhydramine but not by the H2 antagonist cimetidine. These results suggest that stimulation of H1 coronary receptors preferentially distributes flow to the subendocardium, whereas H2 receptors mediate vasodilation in subepicardium as well as subendocardium. PMID- 6225344 TI - Projection of Down's syndrome births in the United States 1979-2000, and the potential effects of prenatal diagnosis. AB - This study projects the annual number of Down's syndrome (DS) births during 1979 2000 by maternal age categories, and estimates the effects of prenatal chromosomal diagnosis utilization on reducing these baseline projections. Assuming no reduction in DS births through prenatal diagnosis, projected DS births increase from about 4,300 in 1979 to 5,300 in 1990, where the level would remain approximately stable throughout the 1990s. Applying Ohio's 1980-1981 prenatal chromosomal diagnosis utilization ratio of 17 per cent to women greater than or equal to 35 results in a maximum of 6 per cent reduction in the annual baseline projections of DS births over the next two decades. However, if amniocentesis utilization by women age 30-34 increases to 37.5 per cent and to 75 per cent by women greater than or equal to 35, a one-fourth to one-third annual reduction is achieved throughout the period studied. A substantial increase in prenatal diagnosis appears necessary to offset the projected increase in DS births resulting from a larger number of births to women greater than or equal to 35. PMID- 6225345 TI - [Characteristics of estrogen excretion in healthy pregnant women living at foothills]. PMID- 6225346 TI - Heterotopic bone formation associated with intestinal obstruction and small bowel resection. PMID- 6225347 TI - Recurarization with quinine administration after reversal from anaesthesia. PMID- 6225348 TI - A bioluminescent assay for glycogen phosphorylase in cultured cells. AB - A new method for the determination of glycogen phosphorylase (1,4 alpha-D glucose:orthophosphate alpha-glucosyltransferase, EC 2.4.1.1) in cultured cells is described. The assay utilizes bacterial luciferase (EC 2.7) in a liquid scintillation spectrometer to measure NAD(P)H formed in a coupled enzyme reaction comprising glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.49) and phosphoglucomutase (EC 2.7.5.1). This assay is highly sensitive, easily detecting as little as 10 microU phosphorylase, fast and simple to perform. With modifications this procedure can be extended to measure other glycogenolytic enzymes and intermediates. PMID- 6225349 TI - High-performance liquid chromatography for assaying NAD glycohydrolase from Neurospora crassa conidia. AB - A rapid and sensitive high-performance liquid chromatographic technique was developed to determinate NAD glycohydrolase (EC 3.2.2.5.) activity from Neurospora crassa conidia. The separation of the assay substrate and products was achieved by isocratic reverse-phase chromatography and the peaks were detected by the absorbance at 259 nm. Quantities of NAD+ and nicotinamide as small as 10 pmol could be measured. PMID- 6225350 TI - The valva atrioventricularis dextra of the avian heart. PMID- 6225351 TI - The canine nasal mucosa. PMID- 6225352 TI - [Effect of diet on the papillae of the ruminal mucosa in calves]. PMID- 6225353 TI - Micromorphological studies on the stomach of sheep during prenatal life. PMID- 6225354 TI - The venous supply of the cecum, ileum, and the proximal loop of the ascending colon in the ox. PMID- 6225355 TI - [Light and electron microscopic studies of oogenesis in the cat (Felis catus)]. PMID- 6225356 TI - Numerical vertebral variations and transitional vertebrae in the goat. PMID- 6225357 TI - Treatment of advanced vascular disease with intra-arterial thrombolytic therapy followed by arterial dilatation. AB - A patient with severe arterial insufficiency was successfully treated with a combination of intra-arterial low-dose streptokinase and percutaneous transluminal dilatation. The judicious use of a combination of these two techniques may extend the application of each technique and allow salvage of some severely ischemic extremities. PMID- 6225358 TI - Mechanical load and inspiratory muscle action during induced asthma. AB - To examine the relationship between inspiratory mechanical load in asthma and the pattern of respiratory muscle recruitment, we studied lung and chest wall mechanics in 7 asymptomatic asthmatics in whom progressive bronchoconstriction was induced with inhaled aerosolized histamine. A fall in the FEV1 to 49.5 +/- 3.9% of the control value (mean +/- 1 SE) was associated with a 10.7-fold increase in the inspiratory work rate of the inspiratory muscles from 6.7 +/- 1.6 to 71.4 +/- 11.4 Joules/min. Elastic work accounted for 69% of the total work during the control period and 57% at the maximal level of bronchoconstriction studied. The net pressure-time product for the inspiratory muscles, measured over 1 min, rose fivefold from 245 +/- 33 cmH2O.s to a maximum of 1,211 +/- 107 cmH2O.s, indicating a relatively greater increase in the recruitment of the intercostal/accessory muscles of inspiration. The abdominal muscles, which were recruited during bronchoconstriction, relaxed during inspiration, and permitted outward movement of the abdominal wall with progressively smaller net increases in Pga. We concluded that during induced asthma (1) the increase in inspiratory muscle work was largely the result of hyperinflation, (2) the recruitment of the intercostal/accessory muscles exceeded that of the diaphragm, and (3) the combined action of the intercostal/accessory and abdominal muscles favored the diaphragm. PMID- 6225359 TI - Infection of the respiratory tract with Mammomanogamus (Syngamus) laryngeus: a new case in Largo, Florida, and a summary of previously reported cases. AB - We present an unusual cause for chronic cough. Infection in a man by the nematode Mammomanogamus laryngeus is described along with a review of other reported human cases. High index of suspicion is urged, especially in world travelers. PMID- 6225360 TI - Use of Dacron velour in choledochoplasty. An experimental study. AB - Patch choledochoplasty for experimentally produced defect and annular stricture and replacement choledochoplasty with Dacron velour was carried out in 20 healthy mongrel dogs with a maximum follow-up of 485 days. There was no derangement of liver functions after patch choledochoplasty for defect and replacement choledochoplasty. Elevated levels of serum bilirubin and alkaline phosphatase observed after stricture production returned toward normal following choledochoplasty. Flat diameter of the common bile duct could be increased significantly after patch choledochoplasty for defect and annular stricture. There was no change in the flat diameter of the common bile duct at the anastomotic sites after replacement choledochoplasty. The graft became completely incorporated in the common bile duct. Neobiliary and glandular regeneration occurred over the graft, which persisted without shrinkage or fibrosis. PMID- 6225361 TI - [Haemophilus influenzae type b meningitis resistant to ampicillin and chloramphenicol treated with moxalactam]. PMID- 6225362 TI - Cryptosporidiosis in a patient with hemophilia, common variable hypogammaglobulinemia, and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. AB - A 36-year-old man had chronic, debilitating diarrhea due to cryptosporidiosis. This patient had longstanding common variable hypogammaglobulinemia and recurrent bacterial infections. Immunologic evaluation after discovery of Cryptosporidium showed lymphopenia with persistently reduced numbers of helper/inducer cells (OKT 4), variable numbers of suppressor/cytotoxic cells (OKT-8), OKT-4/OKT-8 ratio of 0.09, and increased levels of serum alpha-interferon, all of which describe the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Oocysts of Cryptosporidium were found in feces from the patient's cat, thus identifying a possible source of his infection. The patient had disseminated candidiasis, cytomegalovirus pneumonia, and cryptosporidiosis when he died. PMID- 6225363 TI - Pulmonary embolism and deep venous thrombosis. PMID- 6225364 TI - [Skin allergy to trichloroethylene in a patient treated with lithium carbonate]. PMID- 6225365 TI - [Treatment of voluminous eventrations of the abdominal wall: mersilene mesh in intraperitoneal position associated with an aponeurotic graft. Apropos of 96 cases]. PMID- 6225366 TI - [Electrocardiographic criteria of left ventricular hypertrophy and unipolar aVR lead]. AB - The introduction of data processing techniques into the interpretation of electrocardiograms and the rapid progress towards automatization require a multiplication of the criteria of decision and an exact evaluation of their performance. The ECG diagnosis of left ventricular hypertrophy depends on a large number of parameters. Only the aVR lead has not been fully exploited to date. This study proposes a corrected measurement of S in aVR, with an amplitude of S aVRc greater than or equal to 11 mm being the parameter with the best performance and the best predictability. PMID- 6225367 TI - [Unstable angina and single vessel stenosis of the anterior interventricular artery. Evaluation of the threatened myocardium. Therapeutic implications]. AB - The authors report a special cases of precise evaluation of threatened myocardium during coronaro-ventriculography. Two elements provided this evaluation: 1) spasm in the tight stenosis of the middle part of the anterior interventricular artery with immediate left ventricular dyskinesia (EF: 37%, EDP/EVD: 1.74; EDV: 98 cc/m2). 2) Complete instantaneous recovery after injection of 2 mg of trinitrine into the left ventricle (EF: 69%, EDP/EVD: 4.33; EDV: 28 cc/m2). This loss, in the order of 50%, in the left ventricular function led us to perform an angioplasty (ACT) with success. A further clinical and angiographic stenosis, three months later, in this 72 years old patient with arteritis, led us to perform an aorto-coronary graft, rather than another ACT. PMID- 6225368 TI - [Coronary angioplasty immediately after coronary recanalization in the acute phase of myocardial infarct]. AB - The author report the case of a 48 years old patient, admitted to hospital 3 hours and a half after an anterior myocardial infarct which was well tolerated. Coronary recanalization with urokinase-plasminogen removed the obstruction of the middle part of the anterior interventricular artery 1 hour and a half after the patient's arrival. Selective left coronary angiography demonstrated a narrow stenosis, in the order of 98%, in the proximal part of the AIV artery. Angioplasty was attempted immediately, in view of the ease with which the guide wire was passed through the initial thrombosis and the good haemodynamic tolerance. The residual stenosis was estimated to be 20% after the angioplasty and at the examination 48 hours later. The ECG on discharge from hospital showed a QS appearance in V1 to V3 with R in V4. An improvement in the ejection fraction (EF) and in the end-diastolic volumes was found: EF: 48% compared to 38%, EDV (cc/m2): 79 compared to 120. The clinical course at two months is very satisfactory, with no residual angina and a negative stress test. This special procedure, combining a double therapeutic catheterization, lasted 1 hour 50 minutes and allowed the progression of the myocardial infarction to be halted and also avoided a subsequent aorto-coronary graft operation. PMID- 6225369 TI - [Anatomic bases and technic of rectus abdominis musculocutaneous flaps]. PMID- 6225371 TI - Three interesting cases of Down's syndrome. AB - The results of the cytogenetic study of three families that have children affected by Down's syndrome are presented. The karyotype of case 1 was 48,XY,+21,22s+,+mar; the marker chromosome had been produced "de novo". Case 2 was: 47,X,t(Xq21q), +t(21qXq); the abnormality had been produced "de novo". Case 3 was carrier of a homogeneous trisomy 21 (47,XY,+21), where the mother was carrier of a balanced translocation 13q14q. CBG, GTG, Ag-NOR, QFQ and FPG banding techniques were used to determine the origin and importance of these anomalies. PMID- 6225370 TI - [Effect of tamoxifen on the feminization of chick embryo testis]. AB - The problem was approached whether the feminizing action of oestrogens or androgens on the chick embryo testes could be antagonized by anti-oestrogens or anti-androgens. 100 micrograms of either tamoxifen, cyproterone acetate or compound RU 23908 were injected into the chick embryo after 4 days of incubation and 100 micrograms of either oestradiol benzoate or diethylstilboestrol or 1 mg of either androsterone, dehydroepiandrosterone, 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone or 5 alpha-androstanedione were given one day later. The surviving embryos were sacrificed when 14-17 days old and their gonads were examined morphologically and in some cases also histologically. Control embryos were only given oestrogens or androgens. Out of 20 surviving embryos treated with oestradiol only, 10 were genetic females and 10 strongly feminized males. After tamoxifen treatment, out of 20 embryos, 11 were females, 7 normal males and 2 slightly feminized males. Thus, tamoxifen suppressed the feminizing action of oestradiol. It antagonized also the feminizing action of diethylstilboestrol. Neither cyproterone acetate nor compound RU 23908 suppressed the feminizing action of androsterone or diethylstilboestrol. But tamoxifen interfered with the androgens, preventing the feminization of the testes. It is suggested that androgens bind to the oestrogen receptor. PMID- 6225372 TI - Huntington's Chorea in the Netherlands. The problem of genetic heterogeneity. AB - For 1100 patients with Huntington's Chorea in 102 families from The Netherlands the average age at death per family is presented. This average ranges from 72 to 38 years. An analysis of variance of the data is strongly indicative of genetic heterogeneity. For the patients with the relatively high age at death little or no difference is observed from the age at death of their non-affected parents and non-affected sibs. Eleven children who presented with the juvenile form of the disease had all inherited the abnormal gene from their father. These 11 children were found only in families with an average age at death below 57 years. Other factors that might possibly influence the variation of average age at death between families are discussed, but cannot explain the observed differences. PMID- 6225373 TI - Relationship between levels of biochemical heterozygosity and morphological variability in human populations. AB - The relationships between the heterozygosity of the loci of biochemical and morphological traits were compared in seven Jewish populations. This comparison was based, on the one hand, on the average heterozygosity of seven biochemical loci (four blood group and two enzymatic ones) and, on the other hand, on five morphological characters. To assess the heterozygosity level for quantitative traits (normal distribution), we found it useful to measure h = CV mu, where CV is the coefficient of variation, and mu is the deviation of the population mean from the general average divided by the standard deviation of the general distribution. Actually, 'h' represents an inverse measure of the heterozygosity. Marked negative correlation was detected between the biochemical and morphological heterozygosity. This negative correlation was attributed to the convergent influence of inbreeding on different loci, but other possible mechanisms are discussed. PMID- 6225374 TI - [Cortisone-induced glaucoma]. PMID- 6225375 TI - Structure and catalysis of enzymes. PMID- 6225376 TI - Prokaryotic DNA replication systems. PMID- 6225377 TI - Proton atpases: structure and mechanism. PMID- 6225378 TI - Disability in America: 1980 and beyond. PMID- 6225379 TI - Current placement trends. PMID- 6225380 TI - The private nonprofit work-oriented rehabilitation facility. PMID- 6225381 TI - Disincentives and the rehabilitation of disabled persons. PMID- 6225382 TI - Follow-up studies in Vocational Rehabilitation. PMID- 6225383 TI - Sexuality and disability: the need for services. PMID- 6225384 TI - Rehabilitation psychology: state of the art. PMID- 6225385 TI - Rehabilitation of people with alcohol problems. PMID- 6225386 TI - The economics of disability from an international perspective. PMID- 6225387 TI - Parental disability and children's adjustment. PMID- 6225388 TI - Community recreation for persons with disabilities. PMID- 6225389 TI - Pharmacokinetics of cefoperazone in full-term and premature neonates. AB - The pharmacokinetics of cefoperazone were evaluated in 28 newborn infants who were being treated for sepsis. A dose of 50 mg/kg was administered intravenously on days 0 to 2 in all, with a second dose administered on days 5 to 7 in 14 infants. Cerebrospinal fluid penetration was also studied in seven neonates. The mean peak concentration of cefoperazone in the serum of premature infants less than 33 weeks of gestational age, 159 (standard deviation, +/- 22) micrograms/ml, was higher than concentrations in premature infants 33 to 36 weeks of age and full-term infants (110 +/- 41 and 109 +/- 29 micrograms/ml, respectively). The mean concentrations 24 h after dosage were similar in all three groups, 13 to 17 micrograms/ml. The mean serum half-lives were similar in the three subgroups and ranged from 7 to 9 h. After the dose at 5 to 7 days, mean blood levels in the subgroups at 0.5 h were 149, 112, and 112 micrograms/ml; 24-h levels ranged from 9 to 12 micrograms/ml. The mean serum half-lives ranged from 5 to 7 h. Cerebrospinal fluid levels in patients with meningitis ranged from 2.8 to 9.5 micrograms/ml and in patients without meningitis from 1 to 7 micrograms/ml. Peak blood levels were 15 to 1,000 times higher than the 90% minimal inhibitory concentration of common pathogens found in newborns. These observations support the potential efficacy of cefoperazone in treatment of infections, including meningitis, in newborn infants. PMID- 6225390 TI - Pharmacokinetics of piperacillin in subjects with various degrees of renal function. AB - The pharmacokinetics of piperacillin were examined after single intravenous doses to three groups of male patients with creatinine clearances of greater than or equal to 60 (group I), greater than or equal to 20 but less than 60 (group II), and less than 20 (group III) ml/min per 1.73 m2. Each of 32 patients received either 1 or 4 g of piperacillin as a bolus injection. Three patients received both doses. After a rapid 0.5- to 1-h distribution phase, antibiotic levels in serum declined monoexponentially. After the 1-g dose, mean peak piperacillin levels in serum were 60, 103, and 67 micrograms/ml and the beta phase elimination half-lives were 1.0, 1.6, and 3.9 h in groups I, II, and III, respectively. After the 4-g dose, the respective mean peak piperacillin levels in serum were 329, 232, and 262 micrograms/ml and beta phase half-lives were 1.4, 2.3, and 2.6 h in the three groups. There was no clear evidence of significant dose-dependent effects on any pharmacokinetic parameters in any of the groups. Piperacillin levels in urine were far higher than those in serum, generally exceeding the minimal inhibitory concentrations for susceptible organisms during the 24 h after both the 1- and the 4-g dose. Piperacillin dosage modification is required only in patients with severe renal impairment. PMID- 6225391 TI - Early synergistic interaction between semisynthetic penicillins and aminoglycosidic aminocyclitols against Enterobacteriaceae. AB - Time-kill curves were used to assess the relative in vitro efficacy of the early interaction of three semisynthetic penicillins with two aminoglycosides against 48 Enterobacteriaceae strains. The most efficacious combinations were piperacillin plus amikacin, which demonstrated synergism (greater than or equal to 2 logs of increased kill after 7 h of incubation) against 43 of 48 (90%) strains, and piperacillin plus gentamicin, which exhibited synergism against 25 of 48 (52%) strains. With the combinations of carbenicillin or ticarcillin plus amikacin or gentamicin, early synergistic killing was demonstrated against only 12 to 29% of the strains. PMID- 6225392 TI - Characterization of free radical-mediated damage of canine cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum. AB - In vitro generation of free radicals by xanthine oxidase acting on xanthine as substrate depressed steady-state calcium uptake by canine cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles. The effect of free radicals on the calcium-dependent ATPase activity of the SR vesicles was pH dependent. At pH 7.0, ATPase activity was decreased, but at pH 6.4 it was unchanged. Exposure to free radicals increased the passive permeability of the vesicles to calcium. This increase was inhibited by superoxide dismutase (SOD) at pH 7.0, and SOD plus mannitol at pH 6.4. The increased permeability per se was insufficient to explain the effects of free radicals on ATPase activity, since the calcium ionophore A23187 was unable to mimick these effects. Direct measurement of the number and turnover of the pump units indicated that the number of units was unchanged but turnover was decreased by free radicals at pH 7.0. The overall data suggest at least two mechanisms of free radical damage, one associated with an increase in passive permeability and another associated with an as yet undefined change in some specific steps of the ATPase reaction. PMID- 6225393 TI - [Studies on the effect of lentinan on human immune system. II. In vivo effect on NK activity, MLR induced killer activity and PHA induced blastic response of lymphocytes in cancer patients]. AB - Immunological activities of lymphocytes were studied in patients with cancer of digestive organs and mamma after administration of lentinan. When 11 cancer patients received lentinan i.v. 2 mg, NK activity of lymphocytes was increased in 4 patients on the following day. With the same condition, MLR induced killer activity against Raji cell of lymphocytes was increased in 3/7 patients and PHA response was also increased in 3/7 patients. These activities were returned to values before the administration of lentinan. Then each activity was examined after administration of lentinan twice a week. NK activity, MLR induced killer activity and PHA response were increased in 4/15, 8/12 and 5/11 patients, respectively. PMID- 6225394 TI - [Immunochemotherapy with tegafur and schizophyllan for stomach cancer--report of 2 cases]. AB - Two cases of gastric cancer were treated with immunochemotherapy using Tegafur and Schizophyllan. In one case, a marked reduction in the size of metastatic liver tumor and disappearance of most subjective symptoms were observed. The response continued even 8 months after the initial treatment. In the other case, no marked symptoms except occasional dysphagis have been noted for 2 years and 2 months since diagnosis, although the primary tumor size has remained unchanged. Thus, it is presumed that the combined immunochemotherapy regimen may be useful in the treatment of advanced gastric cancer. PMID- 6225395 TI - Elevated free testosterone levels in women with acne. AB - Female patients with varying grades of acne were examined to determine whether free testosterone levels were a more sensitive indicator of hyperandrogenism than total testosterone values. Of 24 women with acne studied, four were found to have elevated total testosterone levels, whereas 11 had elevated free testosterone levels. Twenty-four age-matched female control subjects without acne, hirsutism, or irregular menstrual cycles all had normal free and total testosterone values. The mean concentration of free testosterone in the patients with acne was 1.035 ng/dL, while in the control subjects it was 0.54 ng/dL. Other than hirsutism in three patients with acne with elevated free testosterone levels, there were no morphologic clues identified to determine which patients with acne are more likely to have abnormal free testosterone levels. The free testosterone level did not correlate with the type, distribution, or severity of the acne present in the patients. PMID- 6225396 TI - Pyogenic granuloma-like acne lesions during isotretinoin therapy. AB - Three male patients with severe nodulocystic acne were treated with oral isotretinoin in a dosage of 0.5 to 1.0 mg/kg/day. A flare of their disease developed, characterized by an inflammatory, hemorrhagic, pyogenic, granuloma like response of previously crusted acne lesions. This reaction occurred between the sixth and ninth weeks of treatment and was confined entirely to the chest and back. The severity of the reaction prompted the administration of oral prednisone and, in two cases, the discontinuation of isotretinoin therapy. In one patient, pyoderma gangrenosum developed on the thigh. The exact incidence of this pyogenic, granuloma-like reaction to isotretinoin is unknown, although we have seen it in three of 66 patients with nodulocystic acne treated with this drug. The cause of the reaction is unknown, but it may be due to the increased skin fragility and vascular proliferation known to be induced by isotretinoin. PMID- 6225397 TI - Acrokeratosis paraneoplastica (Bazex' syndrome). Report of a case and review of the literature. AB - Acrokeratosis paraneoplastica (Bazex' syndrome) is a rare but clinically distinctive dermatosis that has been associated in all reported cases, to our knowledge, with either a primary malignant neoplasm of the upper aerodigestive tract or metastatic cancer to the lymph nodes of the neck. Acrokeratosis paraneoplastica was found in a 53-year-old black man with squamous cell carcinoma of the tonsil. A distinctive series of changes was found on histopathologic examination of biopsy specimens taken from his skin lesions, and direct immunofluorescence microscopy of both lesional and nonlesional skin specimens showed immunoglobulin and complement deposition on the epidermal basement membrane. The skin lesions largely resolved following radiation therapy of the neoplasm and of the presumably involved lymph nodes. PMID- 6225398 TI - Response of generalized granuloma annulare to high-dose niacinamide. AB - A patient with generalized granuloma annulare experienced resolution of her lesions after six months of treatment with 1,500 mg/day of niacinamide. Niacinamide seems to be a reasonably safe drug that, even at relatively high doses, is associated with a low incidence of side effects. The participation of a delayed hypersensitivity reaction in the pathogenesis of granuloma annulare and possible mechanisms involving niacinamide in this type of reaction are discussed. PMID- 6225399 TI - Inflammatory neovascular nodules associated with oral isotretinoin treatment of severe acne. PMID- 6225400 TI - T-cell subsets in cutaneous sarcoidosis. AB - Skin lesions from four patients with systemic and cutaneous sarcoidosis were studied, by the use of monoclonal antibodies, for the presence of T cells and T cell subsets. Large numbers of lymphoid cells reacting with anti-pan T-cell (LEU 1) and anti-helper and inducer subset (LEU-3) monoclonal antibodies were observed around and within the sarcoid granulomas in three of the four patients. Only rare LEU-2-reactive suppressor cells were observed in all four patients. Activated T lymphocytes with focal acid phosphatase activity, together with epithelioid cells and multinucleated giant cells with strong diffuse activity of acid phosphatase and nonspecific esterase, were identified within the granulomas. The two patients with active disease demonstrated substantially more T cells in the sarcoid granulomas than did the two patients with chronic disease. Our study results suggest the importance of helper T cells in the formation of the sarcoid granuloma by mononuclear phagocytes and imply that the activity and duration of disease may be related to the T-cell populations. PMID- 6225401 TI - Ultrastructural demonstration of Fc gamma-receptors in sarcoid skin lesions. AB - Immune complexes of horseradish peroxidase oxidase (HRP) and rabbit IgG antibodies to HRP were used to study the Fc gamma-receptors in granulomas of cutaneous sarcoidosis. Cryostat sections of skin biopsies were incubated with HRP anti-HRP, and the peroxidase activity was demonstrated with 3,3-diaminobenzidine tetrahydrochloride and H2O2. Most cells in the granulomas, both epithelioid and giant cells, were stained. By electron microscopy, the reaction products were localized to the plasma membranes of the cells as well-defined granular deposits. No reaction product was demonstrated intra- or extracellularly. PMID- 6225402 TI - Lymphocyte subpopulation changes by aging. AB - Peripheral blood lymphocyte suspensions of healthy young and aged subjects were tested for the percentage of (1) E-rosetting cells by three different modifications of the rosette technique; (2) alpha-naphthylacetate esterase positive cells of different staining patterns; (3) IgG-Fc receptor positive cells; (4) C3 receptor positive cells; (5) labile and stable bound surface immunoglobulin positive cells; and (6) cells bearing different classes of immunoglobulins on their surface or intracytoplasmically. Age dependent changes were registered both within the T-cell and the B-cell subpopulations, some of which may be due to in vivo activation of lymphocytes. Attention is called to some technical aspects of lymphocyte subpopulation determinations and to the significance of quantitative changes in the proportions of lymphocyte subpopulations in respect to the age dependent functional changes of lymphocytes. PMID- 6225403 TI - Enterococcal liver abscess associated with moxalactam therapy. Review of literature on enterococcal superinfections in association with moxalactam therapy. AB - Moxalactam, a third-generation cephalosporin, has been demonstrated to have an ultrawide spectrum of antibacterial activity. One important gap in this impressive spectrum is the enterococcus. Superinfections and colonization with enterococci have been reported following moxalactam therapy. Sites involved have included the urinary tract, wounds, middle ear, and blood stream. To our knowledge, we report the first case of enterococcal liver abscess following moxalactam therapy. The abscess was localized by ultrasound examination and microbiologic diagnosis made by aspiration using a skinny needle. Without surgical drainage or therapeutic aspiration, institution of appropriate antibiotic therapy in optimum dosage resulted in complete resolution. The literature on enterococcal superinfections in association with moxalactam therapy and nonsurgical management of liver abscesses is reviewed. PMID- 6225404 TI - Treatment of metastatic pheochromocytoma with streptozocin. AB - A 58-year-old man who had a malignant pheochromocytoma with hepatic metastasis was treated with 2 g/mo of intravenous streptozocin for 18 months. There was a reduction in his urinary excretion of dopamine (from 33,840 to 731 micrograms/24 hr), homovanillic acid (from 48 to 8 mg/24 hr), and vanillylmandelic acid (from 350 to 74 mg/24 hr). There also was a reduction in the size of his hepatic metastasis (50%) and a right adrenal mass (25%), as well as a marked clinical improvement in his condition. Based on this evidence, I believe further attempts to treat patients with metastatic pheochromocytoma with streptozocin seem warranted. PMID- 6225405 TI - Effects of antidepressant treatments on dopamine turnover in depressed patients. AB - Effects of five antidepressant treatments--clorgyline, desipramine hydrochloride, electroconvulsive treatment, lithium carbonate, and zimelidine hydrochloride--on urinary outputs of dopamine, dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, and homovanillic acid (HVA) were investigated in unipolar and bipolar depressed patients. Clorgyline and lithium carbonate, which stabilized mood in bipolar patients, reduced the urinary output of HVA and whole-body dopamine turnover. Electroconvulsive treatment and zimelidine were without major effects, whereas desipramine had variable effects on these indexes of dopamine metabolism. Three patients, two receiving desipramine and one receiving clorgyline, who had increased HVA output during the drug treatments, became severely agitated and delusional. PMID- 6225406 TI - Some T-cell functions in patients with viral myocarditis. The effect of polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMNL) lysosome factors on T-suppressor cell activity in vitro. AB - The in vitro increase in mitogenic potency of lysosome factors derived from peripheral blood granulocytes of patients with chronic viral myocarditis was observed. These factors inhibited in vitro the Con A-induced suppressor cell activity measured in lymphocytes from healthy persons. The obtained results suggested that these factors may cause disturbances in suppressor cell function in the course of the foregoing disease. PMID- 6225407 TI - Deficiency of short-lived suppressor cells controlling T-lymphocyte colony formation in acute lymphoblastic leukemia. AB - Short-lived suppressor cell (SLSC) activity controlling T-lymphocyte colony formation in vitro was evaluated in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). No SLSC activity was found in patients in acute phase of the disease. On the other hand, patients in remission frequently had higher SLSC activity than controls. No correlation between colony count and thymidine incorporation as well as T-cell numbers was found in ALL patients. PMID- 6225408 TI - Prescriptions for physical and occupational therapy in school. AB - Prescriptions for occupational and physical therapy in a metropolitan school district are described. Seven physical therapists and 7 occupational therapists completed close-ended questionnaires on 226 prescriptions. An equivalent of 4.5 fulltime therapists did not participate and accounted for 54 other prescriptions. Each prescription was independently reviewed for its form, content, and relative value to therapy. Of all the prescriptions 119 (52%) involved students with cerebral palsy; 35 (15%), diseases or syndromes of the central nervous system; 12 (5%), myelomeningocele; 8 (4%), head trauma; 7 (3%), neuromuscular disorders; and 30 (13%), developmental delay. Of the 226, 210 (93%) involved students enrolled in special educational programs; 108 (48%) of all prescriptions were written on standardized school forms, half of which contained checklists. In 13 (6%), the content was illegible. References made to technique, anatomic site, neurologic, and general terms varied greatly. Fifty-seven (30%) made open or blanket comments for therapy. The dose or intensity of therapy was stipulated in only 5% of cases. Only 15 prescriptions requested feedback. Prescriptions by physiatrists were rated slightly higher than those written by pediatricians and other specialists. It is suggested that the prescription is necessary but not sufficient to assure communication between the physician and the school staff. PMID- 6225409 TI - Noninvasive intraoperative assessment of arterial reconstruction. Experimental validation of the role of central and regional hemodynamics. AB - We developed an experimental model of graded arterial stenosis to emulate conditions that might be encountered immediately following arterial grafting. Noninvasive measurements of systolic BP and limb blood flow were recorded with a Doppler probe and segmental air plethysmography, respectively, under conditions of different cardiac output and local arterial resistance. These measurements were correlated with direct intra-arterial pressure recordings and flow measurements taken with an electromagnetic flowmeter. There was an excellent correlation between noninvasive and intra-arterial measurements of systolic pressure over a range of cardiac outputs and degree of arterial stenosis. Pulse volume recordings correlated with direct measurements of blood flow at high and baseline cardiac outputs, but the calibration of pulse volume amplitude varied between cuff applications in this canine model. Noninvasive intraoperative monitoring techniques can faithfully represent known physiologic responses to graded arterial stenoses, irrespective of a high cardiac output or peripheral vasodilation. PMID- 6225410 TI - Limb salvage in poor-risk patients using transluminal angioplasty. AB - We performed percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) in 97 limbs of 86 patients with end-stage occlusive disease in whom vascular reconstruction was not possible. Most patients required dilation of long-segment occlusions and/or multiple lesions. Angiographic appearance was improved in 87 limbs of 78 patients (90%). Ankle-brachial pressure index increased from 0.40 +/- 0.03 to 0.64 +/- 0.03, and increased more than 0.15 in 63% of the limbs. Major amputation was required in 19 of the 87 limbs (22%) following PTA. The incidence of restenosis was 19% at three months, 42% at six months, and 57% at one year. Repeated PTA successfully maintained vascular patency in ten limbs, and four patients have since had successful distal bypass. Two limbs that initially improved needed amputation four to 19 months after dilatation. Follow-up ranged from one to 45 months; overall limb salvage rate was 76%. Thus PTA can enhance limb salvage in poor-risk patients with end-stage disease. PMID- 6225411 TI - Hernia of the inferior lumbar space. A cause of back pain. AB - Twenty hernias of incarcerated fat at the inferior lumbar space were seen during a 23-year period. The usual complaint was a painful mass that caused a backache. The condition was more common in women and girls than in men (18 v two). The wider female pelvis creates a larger inferior lumbar space, which predisposes to the hernia. The hernia appears through a defect of the covering lumbodorsal fascia. Increased physical activity in young women seemed to be a causative factor. One patient had acute strangulation of incarcerated fat. Nineteen of the 20 hernias were treated with surgical excision and repair of the lumbodorsal fascial defect. Results of treatment were good. Though rare, hernias of the inferior lumbar space should be considered when back pain is present, particularly in a young, athletic woman. PMID- 6225412 TI - Measurement of mucociliary function of the eustachian tube. AB - Mucociliary function of the eustachian tube was measured with a radioisotopic method; 0.01 mL of a human serum albumin labeled with technetium 99m was instilled into the anterior part of the middle ear cavity either through a perforation or by puncturing the tympanic membrane, and its course was followed by a gamma-camera. In the normal eustachian tube, the velocity of the mucociliary transport was 0.7 to 1.1 mm/min. The mucociliary function was totally absent in chronic otitis media, in untreated secretory otitis media, and in the ear with a moist perforation of the tympanic membrane. The mucociliary transport returned to normal when the ear was clinically healed. It is assumed that the impairment of the mucociliary function of the eustachian tube and middle ear plays an important role in the pathogenesis of secretory otitis media and chronic ear discharge. PMID- 6225413 TI - Diagnostic gynecologic laparoscopy--analysis of 1226 cases. PMID- 6225414 TI - Computerized two-dimensional model for Finnish vowel identifications. AB - 511 different vowel-like stimuli were produced using a computer and speech synthesizer OVE III B. Their first formant varied from 250 to 800 Hz and their second formant from 800 to 2 400 Hz, covering thus the formant frequencies of the eight Finnish vowels. The randomized stimuli were listened to by 32 young adults with normal hearing. The identifications were analyzed automatically with the computer and plotted on a two-dimensional plane as a function of F1 and F2. The resulting basic vowel identification chart demonstrates the areas where the stimuli were identified as a certain vowel. The chart offers the practical means for presentation and follow-up of individual articulatory and auditory capacities. PMID- 6225415 TI - Examination and diagnosis of low backache. PMID- 6225416 TI - How I manage bad backs. PMID- 6225417 TI - Back pain in childhood and adolescence. AB - Back pain in childhood and adolescence is not uncommon in general practice. Persistent or severe pain, particularly when accompanied by tenderness, restriction of movement and hamstring spasm, should promote an energetic search for the cause. Among the more useful diagnostic tools--now firmly established and often providing early localisation--is the bone scan. No less essential than before are patience in taking a history and a thorough physical examination as preliminaries to early and accurate diagnosis. PMID- 6225418 TI - A physiotherapist's views on low back pain. AB - It is a matter for regret that patients sometimes are sent by doctors for physiotherapy before their condition has been assessed fully. In this article a manipulative therapist describes his management, preceded always by thorough and careful examination. He emphasises that most physiotherapists work in close association with referring practitioners. The examination described would supplement that of the doctor and the findings would be discussed with him. PMID- 6225419 TI - Back problems in general practice. AB - Back pain is a common problem with multiple aetiology. A thorough and systematic initial assessment of the patient will increase the specificity of diagnosis and set up a framework for management in which he will cooperate effectively. PMID- 6225420 TI - Chiropractic management of back pain. AB - The vast majority of those with back pain respond extremely well to chiropractic spinal manipulation. There are several hundred procedures available to a well trained chiropractor, including high velocity manipulation, mobilisation, soft tissue techniques and pressure point therapy, which may be used to eliminate the need for manipulation under anaesthesia or surgery. PMID- 6225421 TI - End-systolic pressure-volume and end-systolic stress-volume relationships in patients with aortic stenosis and with normal valvular function. AB - In order to study the effect of left ventricular hypertrophy on the endsystolic pressure-volume relationship, three left ventricular angiograms were performed in ten patients with normal valvular function but with varying left ventricular function (group 1) after 0.15 mg/kg propranolol and 1 mg atropine: at rest, after isosorbide-dinitrate at a decreased afterload and after methoxamine at an enhanced afterload. In eight patients with aortic stenosis (group 2) two left ventricular angiograms were performed: at rest and after isosorbide-dinitrate. Heart rate was kept constant by atrial pacing. Left ventricular mass in group 1 was 89 g/m2 and in group 2 180 g/m2. In group 1 the slope k of the end-systolic pressure-volume relation was related to the ejection fraction (EF) at rest: k = 0.024 . e0.072 EF; r = 0.93. In group 2 this relation was shifted to the left (P less than 0.001): k = 0.135 . e0.057 EF; r = 0.81. The relations, however, between the slope k of the end-systolic stress-volume relation and the ejection fraction were close together in group 1 and in group 2 and crossed at an ejection fraction of 67%. It is concluded: 1. In patients with aortic stenosis the end systolic pressure-volume relation is steeper than in patients without valvular dysfunction at a given ejection fraction, so the relation between the slope k and the ejection fraction is shifted to the left. 2. The end-systolic stress-volume relationship is not altered in patients with aortic stenosis and seems to be advantageous for the evaluation of left ventricles with substantial hypertrophy due to pressure load. PMID- 6225422 TI - [Problems of occupational choice and vocational guidance of physically handicapped children and adolescents from the viewpoint of the orthopedist]. PMID- 6225423 TI - Isolation of a bifunctional domain from the pentafunctional arom enzyme complex of Neurospora crassa. AB - Limited proteolysis of the arom enzyme complex of Neurospora crassa by trypsin or subtilisin yielded a stable fragment of Mr 68000. This fragment, which was purified by two-dimensional polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis, was shown by activity staining to contain the shikimate dehydrogenase active site, and by substrate labelling with 3-dehydroquinate and NaB3H4 to contain the 3 dehydroquinase active site. The fragment thus constitutes a bifunctional domain containing the two enzymic activities that are known, from genetic evidence, to be located adjacently at the C-terminal end of the pentafunctional arom polypeptide. PMID- 6225424 TI - Low-temperature resonance-Raman spectra of Japanese-lacquer-tree (Rhus vernicifera) laccase, type-2-copper-depleted laccase and H2O2-treated type-2 copper-depleted laccase. AB - Resonance-Raman spectra of Japanese-lacquer-tree (Rhus vernicifera) laccase, type 2-copper-depleted laccase and the latter form treated with H2O2 were measured in liquid and frozen solution, on excitation into the 600 nm absorption band. Significant changes in intensity and/or frequency of the bands lying in the 370 430 cm-1 region were observed on freezing, indicating local structural rearrangements taking place at the blue copper site. These findings corroborate previous suggestions based on e.p.r. measurements and redox data [Morpurgo, Calabrese, Desideri & Rotilio (1981) Biochem. J. 193, 639-642]. They show the strong dependence of the physical properties of blue copper centres on local symmetry. Some conclusions on the origin of the Raman bands are also drawn. PMID- 6225425 TI - Molecular forms of beta-hexosaminidase and cathepsin D in serum and urine of healthy subjects and patients with elevated activity of lysosomal enzymes. AB - A procedure is described that allows the characterization of the molecular forms of beta-hexosaminidase and cathepsin D in controls and pathological specimens of human serum and human urine. The following observations were made. (1) In human serum, beta-hexosaminidase (alpha- and beta-chain) and cathepsin D are present predominantly in their high-molecular-weight precursor forms. In human urine, these enzymes exist as both precursor and mature forms. (2) Cathepsin D precursor from serum and urine differs in the number of oligosaccharides that are sensitive to endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase H. Therefore the urine enzyme is not likely to originate from the serum. (3) The presence exclusively of precursors of beta hexosaminidase and of cathepsin D in the sera of patients with hepatitis suggests that in hepatitis secretion of lysosomal enzymes is elevated, rather than the enzymes leaking from damaged cells. (4) In the urine of patients with nephrotic syndrome, beta-hexosaminidase and cathepsin D are present in grossly elevated amounts, but do not differ in the polypeptide patterns from controls. (5) In urine from a patient with mucolipidosis II, the elevated activity of beta hexosaminidase is accounted for mainly by the precursor forms. Mature beta-chain of beta-hexosaminidase is lacking, and incompletely processed beta-hexosaminidase polypeptides are present. Both the precursor and the mature forms of cathepsin D are increased. They contain only complex oligosaccharides. PMID- 6225426 TI - Induction of glycolytic enzyme synthesis in proliferating fibroblasts. Study of phosphofructokinase, glucose phosphate isomerase and pyruvate kinase. AB - Specific activity of phosphofructokinase is 7-8-fold higher in exponentially growing human fibroblasts than in quiescent cells, but the difference is considerably less pronounced for two other glycolytic enzymes, glucose phosphate isomerase and pyruvate kinase. The ratio of the F-type to L-type phosphofructokinase subunits is essentially the same in growing and resting cells, 4:1. F-type-phosphofructokinase-related antigen concentration is decreased in resting cells as compared with proliferating fibroblasts, but relatively less than the enzyme activity; the ratio of the enzyme activity to the antigen concentration (immunological specific activity) is therefore lower in resting than in growing fibroblasts. Synthesis of phosphofructokinase, as a percentage of the total protein synthesis, is about 30-fold greater during the proliferative phase than in quiescent cells, but this difference is only 3-4-fold for glucose phosphate isomerase and pyruvate kinase. Modulation of the synthesis of phosphofructokinase therefore seems to be responsible for the changes of its specific activity in function of cell proliferation. The appearance of some inactive cross-reacting material in quiescent cells is probably due to post translational alteration of the pre-synthesized molecules. Compared with other glycolytic enzymes, such as glucose phosphate isomerase and pyruvate kinase, phosphofructokinase seems to be the (or one of the) preferential target of glycolytic induction in proliferating cells. PMID- 6225427 TI - Hepatic microsomal Ca2+-dependent ATPase. Calmodulin-dependence and partial purification. AB - The hepatic microsomal fraction contains tightly bound calmodulin as demonstrated by affinity chromatography. When this calmodulin was partially removed by EGTA treatment (0.5 mM-EGTA), the uptake of 45Ca2+ by the microsomal vesicles was stimulated by added calmodulin and inhibited by trifluoperazine (TFP). The Ca2+ dependent ATPase was partially purified on a calmodulin column. This partial purification resulted in a 500-fold increase in the specific activity of the enzyme when measured in the presence of added calmodulin. Antibodies prepared against calmodulin prevented this stimulatory effect. The fraction eluted from the calmodulin column contained several protein bands indicating that the specific activity of the Ca2+-dependent ATPase is probably still underestimated. There are likely to be other calmodulin-sensitive processes present in the hepatic microsomal fraction. PMID- 6225428 TI - Monocytes and platelets share the glycoproteins IIb and IIIa that are absent from both cells in Glanzmann's thrombasthenia type I. AB - By means of an antiserum specific to the complex of the platelet membrane glycoproteins IIb and IIIa we demonstrate here that monocytes and purified monocyte membranes share these glycoproteins with platelets. The monocyte glycoprotein IIb-IIIa complex showed complete immunological identity with the platelet counterpart and, furthermore, dissociated after EDTA treatment exactly as did the platelet complex. In Glanzmann's thrombasthenia type I, monocytes as well as platelets lack this antigen completely. PMID- 6225429 TI - Haematoporphyrin and OO'-diacetylhaematoporphyrin binding by serum and cellular proteins. Implications for the clearance of these photochemotherapeutic agents by cells. AB - Haematoporphyrin derivative (HpD), a mixture of porphyrins, is currently used as a photochemotherapeutic agent in the treatment of neoplasias. The interaction of purified components of HpD with serum and cellular proteins was investigated using absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy. The interactions of haematoporphyrin and OO'-diacetylhaematoporphyrin with human albumin and with haemopexin, the two major serum porphyrin-binding proteins, show stoichiometries of 1 mol of porphyrin bound per mol of protein. The apparent dissociation constants, Kd, are in the range of 1-2 microM for albumin and 3-4 microM for haemopexin. These two major components of HpD would, after intravenous injection, bind to albumin and circulate in serum as albumin complexes. Free porphyrin rather than porphyrin bound to albumin interacts with Morris hepatoma tissue culture cells. A rapid high-affinity saturable transport system operates at free porphyrin concentrations of less than 2 microM. In addition, fluorescence spectra show that components in rat liver cytosol can bind haematoporphyrin and OO' diacetylhaematoporphyrin and distinguish these binders from those present in rat serum. PMID- 6225430 TI - Metabolism of ethylmalonate to mesaconate in the rat. Evidence for trans dehydrogenation of methylsuccinate. AB - Rats excrete increased ethylmalonate and methylsuccinate when given ethylmalonate in the diet; when given methylsuccinate they excrete methylsuccinate and mesaconate. Tenfold more labelled mesaconate was produced from threo-methyl[2,3 2H2] succinate precursor than from the erythro isomer. Our findings suggest trans dehydrogenation of methylsuccinate and are the first direct evidence linking the metabolism of ethylmalonate, methylsuccinate and mesaconate. PMID- 6225431 TI - The neurite-promoting effect of fibroblast growth factor on PC12 cells. AB - Treatment of PC12 cells with fibroblast growth factor(s) from either brain or pituitary caused neurite outgrowth comparable to that produced by nerve growth factor. The neurite outgrowth was preceded by a substantial rise in the activity of ornithine decarboxylase. PMID- 6225432 TI - The synthesis of enzyme-bound ATP by the F1-ATPase from the thermophilic bacterium PS3 in 50% dimethylsulfoxide. AB - Purified TF1 (F1-ATPase from a thermophilic bacterium PS3) synthesizes enzyme bound ATP from medium Pi and enzyme-bound ADP in the presence of 50% dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO). Once ATP was formed on the enzyme, it was not released even after removal of DMSO and Pi from the solution. The half maximal concentration of medium Pi for ATP synthesis was 1mM. The pH optimum for enzyme bound ATP formation was about 6.5. Under the optimum conditions, a yield of up to 0.8 mol of ATP/mol of TF1 was obtained. PMID- 6225433 TI - Selective decrease in the affinity of D2 dopamine receptor for agonist induced by islet-activating protein, pertussis toxin, associated with ADP-ribosylation of the specific membrane protein of bovine striatum. AB - When the crude synaptic membrane preparations from bovine striatum were treated with islet-activating protein (IAP), one of the pertussis toxins, a protein with a molecular weight of about 40,000 was ADP-ribosylated. In parallel with this ADP ribosylation, there was a decrease in D2 dopamine receptor affinity for agonist, while the affinity for antagonist remained unaltered. Addition of GTP to nontreated membranes also resulted in a decrease in the affinity of D2 receptor for agonist, and there was no further reduction of affinity for agonist with addition of GTP to the IAP-treated membranes. As IAP specifically acts on the guanine nucleotide regulatory protein which mediates the inhibition of adenylate cyclase activity (Ni), our findings indicate a possible molecular interaction between the brain D2 dopamine receptor and Ni. PMID- 6225434 TI - Ca2+/phospholipid-dependent protein kinase activity correlates to the ability of transformed liver cells to proliferate in Ca2+-deficient medium. AB - Extracellular Ca2+-deprivation inhibited the proliferation of normal T51B rat liver cells and reduced (2-4 fold) the amount of EDTA/EGTA-extractable protein kinase C activity. By contrast, preneoplastic and neoplastic T51B rat liver cells were able to proliferate in Ca2+-deficient medium and retained all of their extractable protein kinase C activity. PMID- 6225435 TI - The mechanism of inhibition of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation by the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent diflunisal. AB - The anti-inflammatory agent diflunisal was found to induce a progressive loss of respiratory control in tightly coupled rat liver mitochondria, starting at low concentrations (3.3 microM). This loss of control was accompanied by a stimulation of state 4 respiration in the presence of either succinate or glutamate plus malate as the respiratory substrate. The inhibition of state 3 respiration by oligomycin was released by diflunisal. Mitochondrial ATP hydrolysis was stimulated by diflunisal over the same concentration range that affected state 4 respiration: the stimulation was inhibited by oligomycin. It was concluded that diflunisal was acting as an uncoupler of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. An identical action was found in mitochondria isolated from the livers of mice, rabbits and guinea-pigs. Potencies similar to diflunisal were found with flufenamic acid and mefenamic acid, but other anti-inflammatory agents were either less potent or inactive. PMID- 6225436 TI - Androgen dependence of glutathione metabolism in ventral prostate. PMID- 6225437 TI - Second course gold therapy in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Twenty-three rheumatoid arthritis patients who had previously received gold therapy were selected for second course gold. Eleven patients had developed complete remission during the first course of gold therapy. Four of these had a complete response to second course gold. Of the 10 nonresponders and 2 partial responders to first course gold, none responded to second course gold. We conclude that individuals in whom first course gold is unsuccessful respond poorly to repeated gold treatments. In addition, only 36% of the patients who initially had a complete response sustained complete remission with second course gold. PMID- 6225438 TI - Cerebral subcellular distribution of CDP-choline and/or its metabolites after oral administration of methyl-14C CDP-choline. AB - Distribution of radioactivity in subcellular components of a cerebral extract after oral administration of methyl-14C labelled cytidine diphosphate choline (CDP-choline, citicoline, Somazina) was analyzed. Animals were decapitated 24 h after the administration and the brain immediately removed and gently homogenized in a buffer solution. The homogenate was fractionated by differential centrifugation and the protein concentration and the radioactivity were measured in each precipitate as well as in the final supernatant. Radioactivity was found to be associated mainly with membranous microsomal precipitate and with cytoplasmic membrane precipitate. Alternatively, materials sedimenting between 500 X g and 20,000 X g were fractionated in a density gradient centrifugation. Fractions were screened for enzymatic activities as indicators of cytoplasmic membrane, mitochondria, lysosomes, microsomes and synaptosomes. Radioactivity was found to be associated with cytoplasmic and microsomal membrane fractions. Identification of some fractions as enriched in synaptosomes also accumulating radioactivity, as well as the possible incorporation of the radioactivity to choline and phosphorylcholine cerebral pools are discussed. PMID- 6225439 TI - [Acoustic trauma]. PMID- 6225440 TI - [Progress in health. Analysis of the situation in Chile]. PMID- 6225441 TI - [A program for obtaining a cohort for perinatal studies. I. Justification and strategy]. PMID- 6225442 TI - [A program for obtaining a cohort for perinatal studies. II. Evaluation of the acceptance of a health service]. PMID- 6225443 TI - [Breast feeding: psychosocial and biological influencing factors]. PMID- 6225444 TI - [Public health and sanitation in the Panama Canal Zone: a historical account, 1880-1915]. PMID- 6225445 TI - [Appropiate uses of human immunoglobulin in clinical practice]. PMID- 6225446 TI - [Gastroschisis: certain diagnosis, uncertain prognosis]. PMID- 6225447 TI - [Simultaneous HPLC determination of thiamine, riboflavin, pyridoxine, cyanocobalamin, nicotinamide and calcium folinate in multivitamin preparations]. PMID- 6225448 TI - Persistent left ventricular disease in clinically "cured" primary endocardial fibroelastosis. AB - We studied by serial cardiac catheterisation eight patients with the dilated form of primary endocardial fibroelastosis in whom congestive heart failure disappeared with treatment. All remained without symptoms for at least three years before recatheterization. Four patients showed regression of the abnormal electrocardiographic findings, three showed persistence, and one showed progression of electrocardiographic left ventricular overload pattern. On first cardiac catheterisation all patients had a dilated left ventricle with a mean ejection fraction of 0.36. In six of the patients repeat cardiac catheterisation showed left ventricular dilatation with a diminished ejection fraction (mean 0.32). Left ventricular end-diastole pressure was raised (12 to 28 mmHg, mean 19 mmHg). In this group were included the three patients with persistence and one with progression of the abnormal electrocardiographic findings, and two of the four patients with regression of these findings. The highest left ventricular end diastolic pressure was found in a patient in whom the abnormal electrocardiographic findings almost reverted to normal. In the two remaining patients with reversion of the electrocardiographic abnormalities repeat cardiac catheterisation showed nothing abnormal. Our findings indicate that "cure" in primary endocardial fibroelastosis is incomplete. These findings may be the cause of sudden death or late clinical deterioration in some reported patients with "cured" primary endocardial fibroelastosis. The electrocardiogram is of little value in assessing these processes. PMID- 6225450 TI - Electron microscopic study on the cardiac hypertrophy induced by iron deficiency anaemia in the rat. AB - In this investigation the ultrastructure of the hypertrophied myocardium of anaemic iron-deficient rats was studied. Iron deficiency anaemia was induced by feeding rats on an iron-deficient diet for 30 days from the time of weaning. Anaemia was indicated by lowering of blood haemoglobin levels. The results clearly demonstrated that experimentally-induced iron deficiency anaemia brings about striking morphological changes in the heart of the rat. These changes were characterized by marked cellular hypertrophy together with distinct cellular degeneration and interstitial fibrosis. It is noteworthy that ultrastructural features of myocardial hypertrophy and degeneration occurred simultaneously. The potential role of noradrenaline in the pathogenesis of these changes is discussed. PMID- 6225449 TI - Is transluminal coronary angioplasty mandatory after successful thrombolysis? Quantitative coronary angiographic study. PMID- 6225451 TI - Further studies of the cytopathic effect in tissue cultures inoculated with CSF from patients with schizophrenia and other nervous system diseases. AB - Tissue cultures were inoculated with CSF from patients with schizophrenia and some other psychiatric and neurological illnesses. The CPE was readily seen in all 13 strains of human skin fibroblasts examined but could not be serially passaged. The results of retesting many specimens, either by the same worker or under full double blind conditions, usually agreed and thus indicate that the CPE was due to the CSF and not to non specific changes in the cultures. CPE was seen in cultures in which mycoplasmas could not be detected. Degenerated cultures show polymorphous nuclei with condensed nuclear chromatin and enlarged mitochondria with few cristae but virus particles were not identified. The physical properties of the agent in the CSF that induced the CPE were the same as those reported earlier for CSF from schizophrenic patients. PMID- 6225453 TI - Dose-response relationship of sebum suppression by 13-cis-retinoic acid in severe acne. PMID- 6225452 TI - Reappearance of epidermal Langerhans cells after PUVA therapy. AB - Epidermal Langerhans cells (LC) disappear during photochemotherapy (PUVA) with 8 methoxypsoralen (8-MOP) and long wavelength ultraviolet (UV-A) radiation. The time course of their disappearance during treatment and their reappearance after its completion was followed. Langerhans cells lost ATPase activity before they disappeared by ultrastructural criteria: thus 90% of ATPase-stained cells had disappeared after seven treatments (2 weeks) whereas it was only after fifteen treatments (5 weeks) that they were seen to be reduced on electron microscopy. Their numbers remained low throughout the course of treatment but they had returned to normal by 3 weeks after cessation of therapy. Since PUVA lamps also emit traces of medium wavelength UV (UV-B) the separate effects of UV-A and UV-B in the presence and absence of 8-MOP were examined. Within the dose range normally used for therapy, the LC disappeared only with the combination of UV-A and 8-MOP. PMID- 6225454 TI - Isolation and characterization of glycogen branching enzyme from rabbit liver. AB - Glycogen branching enzyme was isolated from rabbit liver. The highly purified enzyme shows a monomer molecular weight of 71 000 by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and apparent molecular weights of 93 000 by sucrose density gradient sedimentation and 52 000 by gel-exclusion chromatography on Sephacryl S-300. No glucosamine, mannosamine, galactosamine, or sialic acid was detected in the protein. An amino acid analysis is reported. The spectrum of branching enzyme is that of a simple polypeptide, with A1%280nm = 24.6. Highly purified branching enzyme consists of several closely related active enzyme forms that can be resolved by isoelectric focusing in polyacrylamide gel. The major species of pI 5.7 is flanked by less abundant forms of pI 5.6 and 5.8. Seemingly identical enzyme forms are observed in crude extracts of rabbit liver, skeletal muscle, brain, and heart, although the absolute and relative concentrations vary among the tissues. Branching enzyme apparently does not exhibit tissue-specific isoenzymes. PMID- 6225455 TI - Structural studies on the membrane-bound immunoglobulin E-receptor complex. 1. Characterization of large plasma membrane vesicles from rat basophilic leukemia cells and insertion of amphipathic fluorescent probes. AB - In order to investigate the properties of the membrane-bound IgE-receptor complex, a simple procedure has been adapted for preparing large plasma membrane vesicles from rat basophilic leukemia cells. These vesicles pinch off from the adherent cells after treatment with 2 mM N-ethylmaleimide or 50 mM formaldehyde and 1 mM dithiothreitol, and they are isolated from the supernatant after two centrifugation steps with yields of 20-25% of the initial cell-bound 125I-IgE. With phase and fluorescence microscopy, micron-size vesicles are seen which are unilamellar and spherically shaped and devoid of intracellular organelles. On dextran gradients at least 70% of the 125I-IgE is bound to membranes which band at low density, indicating large, intact vesicles that are impermeable to macromolecules. Between 60 and 75% of the bound 125I-IgE is accessible to the external medium, showing the vesicles to be predominantly right side out. This preparation was found to be suitable for resonance energy-transfer measurements. We have determined that amphipathic, fluorescent donor and acceptor probes partition into the vesicle bilayer in a randomly distributed, noninteracting manner. The densities of the probes can be ascertained directly from the amount of energy transfer that is observed as a function of acceptor concentration. This experimental system will allow energy-transfer measurements to determine distances between sites on receptor-bound IgE and the membrane surface. PMID- 6225456 TI - Aurovertin binding sites on beef heart mitochondrial F1-ATPase. Study with [14C]aurovertin D of the binding stoichiometry and of the interaction between aurovertin and the natural ATPase inhibitor for binding to F1. PMID- 6225457 TI - Mechanism of adenosinetriphosphatase activity of trinitrophenylated myosin subfragment 1. AB - The rate and extent of conformational changes induced by nucleotides in trinitrophenylated myosin subfragment 1 (S-1) were studied. The absorbance spectrum of the trinitrophenyl moiety attached to the reactive lysyl residue of S 1 changed considerably upon addition of ATP or its analogues. ATP or AMP-PNP induced a larger spectral change than that of ADP, and its value was independent of the presence of Mg2+. The trinitrophenylation of the reactive lysine considerably decreased the enhancement of the tryptophan fluorescence induced by MgATP, while it did not affect fluorescence enhancement induced by MgADP or MgAMP PNP. The rate of formation of nucleotide-induced absorbance changes in trinitrophenylated (TNP) S-1 was followed in a stopped-flow spectrophotometer. The reaction could be described by a single exponential at every nucleotide concentration. The calculated apparent first-order rate constant, kobsd, increased with rising concentrations of MgATP, ATP, MgADP, and MgAMP-PNP and finally reached a plateau. The absorbance change that appeared upon addition of MgATP to TNP S-1 eventually decayed in two phases until it reached the level of that induced by MgADP. The nucleotide concentration dependence of kobsd deviated from a hyperbolic function in all cases studied. The nucleotide concentration dependence of the signal amplitude was also measured, and it was found to be independent of the presence of Mg2+. The obtained results deviated from a computer-simulated binding curve, which was computed by assuming one identical binding site for each TNP S-1 molecule. The results indicate that an enzyme substrate complex is the predominant intermediate in the TNP S-1 catalyzed MgATP hydrolysis, instead of an enzyme-product complex, which is the case with normal, unmodified S-1. PMID- 6225458 TI - Characterization of the adducts produced in DNA by cis diamminedichloroplatinum(II) and cis-dichloro(ethylenediamine)platinum(II). PMID- 6225459 TI - Oxidation of reactive sulfhydryl groups of sarcoplasmic reticulum ATPase. AB - The role of reactive sulfhydryl groups of sarcoplasmic reticulum ATPase has been investigated. Incubation of ATPase with 17 mol o-iodosobenzoic acid per mol ATPase results in a 15% inhibition of Ca2+ uptake with only a 5% loss of ATPase activity. When ATPase is treated with 15 mol KMnO4 per mol ATPase, Ca2+ uptake is completely inhibited. From the measurement of remaining SH groups using 5,5' dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid), it is found that the oxidation of approximately four SH groups per ATPase molecule with KMnO4 leads to a complete loss of Ca2+ uptake, while the oxidation of five SH groups per ATPase with o-iodosobenzoic acid results in only 15% inhibition of Ca2+ uptake. The results of amino acid analysis indicate that KMnO4 oxidizes the reactive SH groups to sulfonic acid groups. Among the five o-iodosobenzoic acid-reactive SH groups, at least one shows a distinct Ca2+ dependence. Addition of o-iodosobenzoic acid to the reaction medium containing KMnO4 does not increase the number of oxidized SH groups, indicating that both o-iodosobenzoic acid and KMnO4 oxidize the same SH groups of the enzyme. The different effects of two oxidizing agents on sarcoplasmic reticulum ATPase eliminate the possibility of direct involvement of SH group(s) in the ATPase reaction. PMID- 6225460 TI - The Ca2+ permeability of sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles. II. Ca2+ efflux in the energized state of the calcium pump. AB - Ca2+ efflux from sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles was studied by measurements of net Ca2+ uptake, 45Ca2+ flux and hydrolysis of energy-rich phosphate. The maximal Ca2+ uptake capacity (150-200 nmol/mg protein at pH 6.7, 10 mM MgCl2 and mu = 0.26) was independent of the nature and concentration of the energy-donating substrate (ATP or carbamyl phosphate) and of temperature (15-35 degrees C), suggesting coupling between influx and efflux of Ca2+. In the presence of high concentrations of ATP, this efflux of Ca2+ was much higher than the passive Ca2+ permeation, measured after ATP or Ca2+ depletion of the reaction medium. Ca2+ efflux was imperceptible at vesicle filling levels below 35-40 nmol Ca2+/mg protein, and uncorrelated to the inhibition of the Ca2+-ATPase by high intravesicular Ca2+ concentrations. Analysis of the data indicated that Ca2+ efflux under our conditions probably is associated with one of the Ca2+-ATPase partial reactions, occurring after dephosphorylation, rather than with a reversal of the Ca2+ translocation step in the phosphorylated state of the enzyme. Furthermore, passive Ca2+ permeation may be concurrently reduced during the enzymatically active state. It is proposed that both Ca2+ efflux and passive Ca2+ permeation (Ca2+ outflow) proceed via the same channels which are closed (occluded) during part of the Ca2+-ATPase reaction cycle. PMID- 6225461 TI - Effects of p-nitrophenylphosphate on Ca2+ transport in inside-out vesicles from human red-cell membranes. AB - Ca2+-ATPase activity and Ca2+ uptake in inside-out vesicles from human red cell membranes are changed in parallel by p-nitrophenylphosphate. This indicates that, unlike the Ca2+ pump of sarcoplasmic reticulum, the Ca2+ pump of the red cell membrane does not utilize p-nitrophenylphosphate hydrolysis to drive Ca2+ transport. PMID- 6225462 TI - Chain length-dependent association of distamycin-type oligopeptides with A X T and G X C pairs in polydeoxynucleotide duplexes. AB - Different binding affinities of various distamycin analogs including the deformylated derivative with poly(dA-dC) X poly(dG-dT) were investigated using CD measurements. The inhibitory effect of distamycins on the DNAase I cleavage activity of DNA duplexes strongly supports the binding data. The base specificity of the ligand interaction with duplex DNA depends on the chain length of distamycin analogs. Netropsin, distamycin-2 and the deformylated distamycin-3 show no binding to dG X dC containing sequences at moderate ionic strength and are classified as highly dA X dT specific. In contrast distamycin having three, four or five methylpyrrolecarboxamide groups also forms more or less stable complexes with dG X dC-containing duplexes. These ligands possess a lower basepair specificity. The correlation between binding behavior and oligopeptide structure shows that presence of the number of hydrogen acceptor and donor sites determines the basepair and sequence specificity. The additional interaction with dG X dC pairs becomes essential when the number of hydrogen acceptor sites exceeds n = 3. PMID- 6225463 TI - DNA sequences showing a delay in cytosine methylation after replication. Time course of methylation in synchronized mammalian cell populations and relationship to DNAase I sensitive domains. AB - We have shown that in several mammalian cell lines a minor fraction of cytosine methylation is delayed for up to several hours after strand synthesis and that different methylases performed the immediate and the delayed classes of DNA methylation. To investigate the time course of this delayed methylation we have used three different cell lines, two of human and one of hamster origin. These were synchronized by two different methods: mitotic detachment and double hydroxyurea blocks. A uniform picture was obtained with all three cell lines. Delayed methylation of early replicating sequences occurred while cells were still in mid-S-phase, with the maximum rate of delayed methylation occurring in cells in the second half of S and in G2. Delayed methylation seems to be complete before cells entered the next G1-phase. Limited DNAase I hydrolysis of cell nuclei was used to test whether the delay in methylation in some DNA sequences was due to high levels of transcriptional activity. However, DNA sequences exhibiting delayed methylation showed no preferential concentration in or exclusion from DNAase I hypersensitive regions. PMID- 6225464 TI - Determination of molecular weight of membrane proteins by the use of low-angle laser light scattering combined with high-performance gel chromatography in the presence of a non-ionic surfactant. AB - An assessment study was carried out to evaluate the performance of the low-angle laser light scattering technique combined with high-performance gel chromatography in the presence of a nonionic surfactant, octaethyleneglycol n dodecyl ether, precision differential refractometry and ultraviolet photometry. It was found that the combined technique is highly promising as a method for the determination of the molecular weight of a membrane protein solubilized by the surfactant. For trial, molecular weights of the following membrane proteins of Escherichia coli, both solubilized in oligomeric forms, were measured; porin that forms the transmembrane diffusion pore in the outer membrane, and lambda-receptor protein that facilitates the diffusion of maltose-maltodextrins across the outer membrane. The result obtained indicates that both porin and lambda-receptor protein exist as trimers in the surfactant solution. PMID- 6225465 TI - Antibodies to the heparan sulfate proteoglycans synthesized by endothelial cell cultures. AB - We have determined, using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, that endothelial cell cultures derived from rabbit aorta synthesize a wide spectrum of heparan sulfate proteoglycans. The electrophoretically slower-moving heparan sulfate proteoglycans have been isolated from the endothelial cell culture medium. Antibodies to these proteoglycan species have been raised in the goat. The goat antiserum binds selectively the heparan sulfate proteoglycans that were used for the immunization and does not cross-react with the other (faster moving) species. Only a moderate level of cross-reactivity was observed with the heparan sulfate proteoglycans synthesized by another cell line (presumably smooth muscle cells) of vascular derivation. These results support the suggestion that structural differences in the heparan sulfate proteoglycans are responsible for certain differences in function between the various cell types of the vessel wall. PMID- 6225466 TI - Increased phosphofructokinase content during chronic hypoxia in cultured skeletal muscle (L8) cells. AB - Chronic hypoxia results in increased measured activity of all of the glycolytic enzymes and is associated with an increase in glycolytic capacity. Phosphofructokinase, a rate-limiting glycolytic enzyme, was measured under normoxic and hypoxic conditions to determine the relationship between increased activity and enzyme content. Monoclonal antibodies were used to isolate pure enzyme in rat skeletal muscle cells (L8) cultured hypoxically (PO2 = 14 torr) and normoxically (PO2 = 142 torr). Phosphofructokinase content per cell in cultures maintained under chronic (96 h) hypoxic conditions was twice that of cells cultured under normoxic conditions (0.0675 +/- 0.008 (S.E.) and 0.0345 +/- 0.003 micrograms enzyme protein/microgram DNA, P less than 0.01). Phosphofructokinase activity increased proportionately (hypoxia, 0.020 +/- 0.003; normoxia, 0.010 +/- 0.001 units/microgram DNA). The specific activity (units/mg enzyme protein) of phosphofructokinase in the hypoxic (296 +/- 32) versus the normoxic (290 +/- 15) cultures was not significantly different, indicating that the increased activity was accounted for by an increase in enzyme content. Glycolytic rate appears to be regulated at the level of enzyme content. PMID- 6225467 TI - Differences in the distribution of O-sulphate groups of cell-surface and secreted heparan sulphate produced by human neuroblastoma cells in culture. AB - Confluent cultures of a human neuroblastoma cell line (CHP100) were incubated for 48 h with D-[1-3H]glucosamine and sodium [35S]sulphate. Radioactive glycosaminoglycans were analysed in the growth medium, rapid trypsin digest of the cell monolayer and a 1% (w/v) Triton/0.5 M NaOH extract of the final cell pellet. Sulphated glycosaminoglycans co-chromatographed when eluted by NaCl gradient from DEAE-cellulose. The medium contained mainly chondroitin sulphates, whereas the cell surface was enriched in heparan sulphate. Heparan sulphate was isolated as chondroitinase ABC-resistant material and treated with nitrous acid. Analysis of the scission products on Bio-Gel P-10 yielded fragments varying in size from single disaccharides to glycans consisting of nine disaccharide units. Cell-surface and medium heparan sulphate had respectively 52% and 54% N-sulphated glucosamine residues distributed in similar patterns along the polymer chain. The N:O-sulphate ratio of neuroblastoma heparan sulphate was 1.1:1. Analysis by high voltage electrophoresis of di- and tetrasaccharide products produced by nitrous acid treatment showed that the distribution of 'O'-sulphate groups differed strikingly between heparan sulphates from the medium and cell-surface compartments. A di-O-sulphated tetrasaccharide was identified in both heparan sulphate species. The absence of detectable amounts of 35[S]sulphate associated with fragments larger than tetrasaccharide supports the close topographical association of N-sulphate and O-sulphate groups. PMID- 6225468 TI - Vectors for high conditional expression of cloned genes. AB - Several multicopy plasmids carrying the control region of bacteriophage lambda lysogeny, including the gene of a thermosensitive repressor CI857 have been constructed. The phages allow high expression of proteins under the transcription control of lambda promoter PR and translation control of Cro. The method has been assayed by measuring expression of either intact beta-galactosidase, truncated beta-galactosidase or beta-galactosidase fused to a mitochondrial gene product. It is shown that use of a strain with low endogeneous proteolytic activities strongly improves the conditional yield of foreign proteins, so that a high overproduction can be achieved (10-20 per cent of the total protein content of the cell). PMID- 6225469 TI - [Fibrinogen fragment D - inhibitor of fibrinolytic processes]. AB - The effect of fragment D, the end product of fibrinogen degradation, on the course of fibrinolytic reactions and fibrinogenolysis induced by plasmin was studied. It was shown that fragment D beside a high antipolymerizing activity also exerts antifibrinolytic and antifibrinogenolytic action. It was demonstrated electrophoretically that exogenous fragment D can inhibit plasmin degradation of fibrin and fibrinogen at all stages of proteolysis without having direct influence on plasmin. It is assumed that the nature of the antipolymerizing and antifibrinolytic activities of fragment D is determined by dissociating fibrin monomer-fragment D complexes. PMID- 6225470 TI - [Modification of an enzymic system of Ca2+ transport in sarcoplasmic reticulum during lipid peroxidation. In vivo damages in the development of pathological changes]. AB - The role of lipid peroxidation (LPO) in the damages of the enzymic system of Ca2+ transport in sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) membranes of skeletal and cardiac muscles under conditions of vitamin E deficiency, ischemia and limb reoxygenation as well as in emotional-pain stress was investigated. It was shown that these processes are associated with activation of endogenous LPO in SR membranes "in vivo" and with simultaneous inhibition of Ca2+ transport, (i. e. decrease of the Ca2+/ATP ratio) and inactivation of Ca-ATPase. The degree of damage of the Ca2+ transport system was correlated with the concentration of LPO products accumulated in SR membranes "in vivo and during LPO induction by the Fe2+ + ascorbate system 'in vitro". Injection of natural and synthetic free radical scavengers (e. g. 4-methyl-2.6-ditretbutylphenol, alpha-tocopherol) to experimental animals resulted in practically complete suppression of LPO activation "in vivo" and in partial protection of the Ca2+-transporting capacity of SR membranes. A comparison of experimental results allowed to estimate the role of LPO in SR damage under pathological conditions. Model experiments with "contraction-relaxation" cycles including isolated components of muscle fibers (SR fragments and myofibrils) demonstrated that LPO induction in SR membranes by the Fe2+ + ascorbate system results in complete elimination of the relaxation step in myofibrils due to the loss of the SR affinity to decrease the concentration of Ca2+ in the incubation medium. This effect can be removed by free radical scavengers. The role of LPO in pathological changes of muscle contractility is discussed. PMID- 6225471 TI - Somatomedins in Down's syndrome. PMID- 6225472 TI - Relationship between release of plasminogen activator and estrogen by blastocysts and secretion of plasmin inhibitor by uterine endometrium in the pregnant pig. AB - Pig blastocysts isolated between Days 10 and 16 of pregnancy release the protease, plasminogen activator (PA), into the medium in a time-dependent manner when cultured in vitro. Production is biphasic. The initial phase (Days 10-12) coincides with the early elongation stages, while release during the second phase (Days 14-16) occurs during a time at which the DNA content of the blastocysts is increasing markedly. Uterine flushings from these pregnant animals contain the zymogen substrate for PA, plasminogen, presumably as a serum transudate. Plasminogen is present in highest amounts at Day 12. The blastocyst, therefore, has the potential ability to generate the broadly specific protease, plasmin, within the uterine lumen. However, during this same period, the endometrium secretes an inhibitor of plasmin into the uterine lumen. In pregnant animals the amount of plasmin inhibitory activity rose 7-fold between Day 10.5, when the blastocysts were spherical, and Day 12, when they had become filamentous. At Day 12 each uterine horn contained about 3 to 4 mg of plasmin inhibitor. A similar release of inhibitor can be initiated in nonpregnant gilts given a single, intramuscular injection of estradiol valerate on Day 11 of the estrous cycle. It is suggested that the initiation of estrogen production by the elongating blastocyst triggers the release of plasmin inhibitor by the maternal endometrium and that the inhibitor serves to prevent a proteolytic cascade of reactions initiated by blastocyst PA, which might otherwise damage the uterine epithelium. PMID- 6225473 TI - Sorbsan calcium alginate fibre dressings in footcare. AB - This report outlines the successful application of Sorbsan-calcium alginate fibre dressings in footcare. This biomaterial has been found in clinical trials to have quite outstanding merit and can be used for sinus drainage and in the treatment of fissures, hypergranulation tissue, interdigital maceration, heloma molle and other lesions. Sorbsan bonds with and aids natural healing scabs and effects drainage of moist sites thus assisting in creating an environment conducive to the healing process. Similar promise has been demonstrated for this material in ongoing trials in hospitals in Sunderland where Sorbsan has been used effectively in the treatment of diabetic and trophic ulcers. PMID- 6225474 TI - Protein synthesis in the rat pulmonary trunk during the early development of hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension. AB - The purpose of this study was to determine the temporal alterations in protein synthesis and accumulation in the rat pulmonary trunk during the early development of hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension and to correlate these results with the pattern of development of polycythemia, right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH) and increased right ventricular pressure (RVP). In vitro synthesis of collagen and noncollagen protein was determined in the pulmonary trunks (PT) of rats exposed to chronic hypobaric hypoxia (0.5 atm/380 Torr) for 3, 7, 10, 14 or 21 days and in respective control groups of pair-fed normoxic rats. In vitro collagen synthesis was increased 1,150% (p less than 0.01) in PT from rats exposed to hypoxia for 3 days compared to PT from normoxic rats. When duration of hypoxic exposure increased, the percentage increase in collagen synthesis in PT from hypoxic vs. normoxic rats declined but remained significantly elevated (340%, p less than 0.005) after 21 days. Comparison of in vitro synthesis of noncollagen protein demonstrated a similar pattern of alteration with increasing hypoxic exposure. Synthesis of noncollagen protein was increased 750% in PT from hypoxic rats compared to normoxic controls at 7 days (p less than 0.0005) and decreased in parallel with collagen synthesis until 21 days when the difference in mean noncollagen protein synthesis was no longer statistically significant. In contrast, the accumulation of protein in vitro during hypoxic exposure, as determined from measurement of absolute protein and hydroxyproline content, demonstrated a pattern of continued increase with hypoxic exposure. Absolute protein content (microgram protein/vessel) was increased 330% in PT from hypoxic rats after 3 days compared to controls (p less than 0.005). By 21 days, mean absolute protein content of hypoxic PT was increased 500% compared to controls (p less than 0.0005). Absolute hydroxyproline content became significantly elevated in PT from hypoxic rats compared to controls after 7 days (123%, p less than 0.005 and the difference increased to 135% at 21 days (p less than 0.025). From comparison of these results with the pattern of changes in established indicators of pulmonary hypertension, herein reproduced, it is deduced that increased protein synthesis is a very early response of the pulmonary trunk to the stimulus of increased arterial blood pressure. Protein synthesis then declines while accumulation increases in a manner which suggests that the newly synthesized protein alters the response of the vessel to the continuing stimulus. It is proposed that increased accumulation of protein, particularly collagen, decreases the distension of the vessel wall caused by increased transmural pressure. PMID- 6225476 TI - Current status of high dose progestin treatment in advanced breast cancer. AB - Progestins, especially high dose medroxyprogesterone acetate, are receiving renewed attention in treatment of advanced breast cancer. The trials reviewed here indicate that such regimens may be as effective as tamoxifen in postmenopausal unselected cases, and that they may be effective as second-line treatment in patients resistant to tamoxifen and/or to cytotoxic chemotherapy. PMID- 6225475 TI - Functional characterization of T lymphocytes grown in semisolid agar. AB - T lymphocyte colony forming cells (TL-CFC) grown in agar in the presence of PHA were assayed for their capacity to induce or suppress polyclonal PWM dependent B lymphocyte differentiation into plasma cells. This was measured by identifying cells containing intracytoplasmatic immunoglobulins by direct immunofluorescence. To validate the helper and suppressor system used in this paper, the inductive capacity of unfractionated T lymphocytes and their subpopulations bearing Fc receptors for IgM (TM) and for IgG (TG) was measured. The unfractionated T cells and the TM fraction showed helper activity, whereas the TG cells expressed suppressor activity. The TL-CFC grown in agar in the presence of PHA manifested helper activity at low cell concentration. However, increasing the TL-CFC concentration finally caused suppression of B cell differentiation. The suppressor effect could be abolished by prior irradiation of the TL-CFC before seeding them in agar. These results indicate that T cells grown in agar have the functional capacity of T helper and T suppressor cells to induce and suppress polyclonal PWM dependent B lymphocyte differentiation into plasma cells. PMID- 6225477 TI - The hormonal treatment of sexual offenders. PMID- 6225478 TI - Effect of mercuric chloride on coronary flow in perfused rat heart. PMID- 6225479 TI - Musculoskeletal applications for computed tomography. PMID- 6225480 TI - Macrocytosis and Down's syndrome. PMID- 6225481 TI - Mid-line circular photopenic defects of the sternum. PMID- 6225482 TI - Cefaclor and cefamandole as alternatives to spectinomycin in the treatment of men with uncomplicated gonorrhoea. AB - Between 25 December 1981 and 11 March 1982, 400 men with uncomplicated gonococcal urethritis were randomly assigned to one of four treatment regimens: spectinomycin 2 g intramuscularly (group A); cefamandole 1 g intramuscularly after probenecid 1 g orally (group B); cefaclor 3 g orally with probenecid 1 g orally (group C); and cefaclor 3 g orally (group D). The cure rates were 91 of 92 (98.9%) in group A, 68 of 96 (70.8%) in group B, 88 of 92 (95.8%) in group C, and 86 of 96 (89.6%) in group D. Cefaclor at a dose of 3 g given orally with 1 g probenecid appears to be an effective alternative to spectinomycin 2 g in the treatment of gonorrhoea in areas where strains of penicillinase producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae (PPNG) are prevalent. PMID- 6225483 TI - [Intra-encephalic injections of actinomycin D in the chick embryo. Autoradiographic study]. AB - 42 hour-old chick embryos receive intraencephalic injections of a radioactive Actinomycin D solution. The autoradiographic study of the embryonic head after treatment shows that the injected solution remains in the encephalon. In order to avoid some diffusion of the solution in the surrounding territories, it is necessary to take care of the encephalic inner pressure. These experiments allow to a better approach of studying the influence of Actinomycin D upon the embryonic head morphogenesis. PMID- 6225484 TI - [Induction, by 17 beta-estradiol, of thymidine kinase activity in uteri of rats]. AB - In uteri from adult female rats, Thymidine Kinase activity varied during ovarian cycle and was maximum at metestrus. Subcutaneous injections of 5, 10 or 25 ng of estradiol-17 beta to immature female rats, resulted in a 3, 5 or 10 fold increase of enzyme activity. Moreover, Thymidine Kinase activity was decreased by injection of medroxyprogesterone alone or associated with estradiol-17 beta. From these results it seemed that Thymidine Kinase activity in rats uteri was specifically induced by estradiol-17 beta. PMID- 6225486 TI - [Accumulation of exogenous monoamines in the notochord of lampreys: fluorescence microscopy and radiography study]. AB - Storage of biogenic amines was studied in the notochord of the lamprey (Lampetra planeri) after injection of cold or tritiated amines or their precursors. After injection of dopamine, noradrenaline or 5-hydroxytryptophane, an intense formaldehyde-induced fluorescence was observed in the cytosol of chordal cells and in the perichordal sheat. A similar location occurred after injection of the same tritiated products. No qualitative or significant quantitative differences could be distinguished between the larval and the metamorphosing forms. RO4-4602, a decarboxylase inhibitor, and Nialamide, a monoamine-oxydase inhibitor, did not modify significantly the incorporation of 3H-5-hydroxytryptophan. Using histochemical technique a monoamine oxydase activity could be detected in the nervous system and in the muscle but was not shown in the notochord. PMID- 6225485 TI - [The thyroid and adrenal glands in rats chronically exposed to an intense electric field]. AB - Two month-old male Long-Evans rats were exposed for 8 hours a day during 4 weeks to an ambient electric field (50 kV/m). The growth rate of electric field-exposed rats was identical to the controls' one. No significant effect of exposure was observed on the levels of various hormones: plasma and adrenal corticosterone; plasma TSH, ACTH, T3 and T4; adrenal epinephrine and norepinephrine. Histological studies of thyroid and adrenals showed a normal appearance. In adrenals, the levels of various components and the activities of enzymes which have a role on steroidogenesis were not modified. It is concluded that, in the present experiment conditions, the daily exposure of the rat to a severe electric field does not affect the normal state of thyroid and adrenals. PMID- 6225487 TI - [Hepatotoxicity of 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid. Cytologic and biochemical study in quail embryos]. AB - The effects of 2,4,5-T on the hepatic cell in the 13 day old quail embryo have been studied. When injected at the dose level of 80 or 240 mg/kg into non incubated eggs, this herbicide induces a proliferation of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum. The ergastoplasmic cisternae are dilated and feature a decrease in ribosomic covering. The mitochondria are swollen showing a pale matrix and a deficiency in cristae. One also observes an increase in the amount and size of lipidic inclusions and a dilatation of bile canaliculi. Moreover, biochemical analysis reveals a significant decrease in the glycogen content indicating that 2,4,5-T disturbs the glycogenic function of the liver. PMID- 6225488 TI - [Disturbances of vitamin D metabolism in rabbits treated with methylprednisolone]. PMID- 6225489 TI - [Effects of clonidine on the insulin secretion from the isolated, perfused pancreas of rats and newborn dogs]. AB - The effects of clonidine were studied on insulin secretion from the isolated pancreas of the rat and newborn dog perfused in presence of 8.3 mmol/l glucose. The effects were compared to those induced by adrenalin. In the rat, clonidine and adrenalin infused for 30 minutes at 0.01 mumol/l caused an immediate and marked inhibition of insulin release (-- 79.1 +/- 2.6% for clonidine and -- 75.7 +/- 4.7% for adrenaline at the 15th minute of infusion). The inhibition due to clonidine has not completely disappeared 15 minutes after stopping the infusion. In the dog, both substances also induced an immediate and marked inhibition; but the effect of adrenalin disappeared before the end of the infusion. It follows that the inhibitory effect of clonidine on insulin secretion is more durable than that of adrenalin. PMID- 6225490 TI - [Action of various detergents in use in Cameroon on the vitality of Schistosoma mansoni cercariae: influence of the hardness factor of water]. AB - Lethal effects of some washing powders, commonly used by local people in Cameroon, on Schistosoma mansoni cercariae have been investigated. Their specific toxicity and the influence of the water hardness on the toxicity of these compounds have been tested and standardized. The role of a local behaviour factor controlling schistosomiasis transmission in water contact sites is emphasized. PMID- 6225491 TI - [Hyperthermia caused by ultrasonics: trials of mathematical modelling]. AB - We describe preliminary results concerning the mathematical modelling of the hyperthermia induced by an ultrasound transducer. The developed method should allow to predict in advance the local temperatures in every clinical case, as well as to conceive and optimize more complex ultrasound generators. PMID- 6225492 TI - [Treatment of superficial cancerous tumors by hyperthermia induced by ultrasonics or microwaves]. AB - Results of treating superficial human cancerous tumors by ultrasound (1-3 MHz) or microwave (434 MHz) hyperthermia, alone or combined with radiotherapy or chemotherapy are presented according to the heating method. The comparison of in vivo thermal distributions obtained at depth with these two techniques could partially explain their different therapeutic efficiency. PMID- 6225493 TI - [Cultures of bone marrow cells in semi-solid and liquid media; value in hemopathies (apropos of 4 cases)]. AB - Bone marrow cultures in semi-solid medium provide an estimate of progenitors in granulopoiesis and also in erythropoiesis. They are available data in leukemias and in bone marrow grafts. The cytogenetic studies of the abnormal clones show numeric and structural-abnormalities depending from the different types of leukemias and from the course of the disease. PMID- 6225494 TI - [Pharmacokinetic study of the appearance of chorionic gonadotropin in the blood after intramuscular injection]. AB - Intramuscular injections of HCG induce a rise of its serum levels 2 hours later. Maximal values are obtained between the 6th and the 36th hour. The study of mean values shows appearance of a plateau from the 6th to the 36th hour. After 48 hours, the values are decreasing but remain nevertheless rather high. PMID- 6225495 TI - [Influence of ultrasonics on the fecundity of female rats]. AB - We have studied the effects of ultrasound on the female rat fertility. When utilized at similar power than for human beings, the echography reduces significantly the number of foetus counted at the 15th day of the gestation. A direct action of the ultrasounds on the mechanisms of the ovulation is to be considered. PMID- 6225496 TI - [The amine-releasing activity of flavonoids in rats]. AB - The chemical structure of some flavonol derivatives has been correlated with their amino-releasing activity in the rat. Mast-cell amines are liberated when a rhamno-glucose or a glucose molecule is present in--3 position. PMID- 6225497 TI - [Effect of ketanserin on various properties of pentobarbital in rats]. AB - Rats pre-treated with the quinazoline-dione derivative Ketanserin (1,25, 2,5 and 5 mg.kg-1, i.p.) (Janssen Pharmaceutica, Beerse, Belgium) present a more prolonged general anaesthesia and a more pronounced incapacity to stand up when injected with pentobarbital (30 to 120 mg.kg-1, i.p.). Cold shivering linked to Ketanserin is also suppressed. PMID- 6225498 TI - [Histogenetic study and mixed lymphocyte reaction in 2 lines of chickens homozygotic for haplotypes B14 and B19]. AB - The histocompatibility status of homozygous chicken for B14 and B19 haplotypes of Hy-line stock origin was compared by skin grafts and the mixed lymphocyte reaction. No differences in graft survival (33 days) could be recorded in H-B compatible grafts in either haplotype tested. Reciprocal allografts however (B14 in equilibrium B19) were rejected within 12 days in both haplotypes. A weak stimulation index (1.3-1.9) persisted in individuals serologically identical with respect to the H-B complex whereas a strong index of 10.4 was obtained in allogeneic lymphocyte cocultures. PMID- 6225499 TI - [Dehydroepiandrosterone inhibits aggressive behavior in castrated male mice]. AB - Group-housed triads of castrated male Mice attack lactating female intruders. We had previously observed that testosterone or oestradiol inhibited this aggressive behavior. The Mouse brain contains relatively large mounts of dehydroepiandrosterone (D), therefore we have investigated the behavioral effect of this steroid. D was inactive in intact males, whereas it markedly inhibited the attack directed by castrated males, when delivered by an osmotic minipump at the dose of 83 micrograms/day. D was also given by daily injections for 15 days in oil solution, the dose of 80 micrograms/day decreased attacks of castrated males below the level of intact controls, the dose of 40 micrograms was partly active, whereas the dose of 20 micrograms was inactive. PMID- 6225500 TI - The role of skeletal blood flow in determining the uptake of 99mTc-methylene diphosphonate. AB - The increased uptake of bone-seeking radionuclides following a fracture has been stated to be due to an increase in bone blood flow, resulting in an increase in capillary surface area available for exchange. This paper examines the relationship between the maximum instantaneous extraction of 99mTc-MDP and blood flow in normal canine tibia. The findings, consistent with the model of capillary action proposed for muscle by Renkin and Crone, are applicable to bone. There is no evidence that in normal bone the surface area available for exchange responds to an increase in bone blood flow. PMID- 6225501 TI - Dental care for cancer patients. PMID- 6225502 TI - Infantile Huntington's disease. AB - A unique case of Huntington's disease is reported because of the extremely early onset and death, and the atypical mode of presentation including severe behavioural problems and a negative family history. Although rare, Huntington's disease must be considered along with the established degenerative disorders of white and gray matter peculiar to the pediatric population when one examines an infant or child with progressive motor deterioration, rigidity, mental retardation and behavioural abnormalities. Computed tomography is a reliable and non-invasive method of establishing the diagnosis during life. PMID- 6225503 TI - Accutane. PMID- 6225505 TI - In the matter of Stephen Dawson: right v. duty of health care. AB - In cases like that of Stephen Dawson the ethics of proxy decision-making are at stake. As long as patients are persons they have rights, the incompetent ones no less than those who are competent. The only difference is that in the case of incompetent persons the rights must be exercised by proxy. The import of the Stephen Dawson case is that by this precedent Canadian law now radically alters the status of incompetent minors in such a way that their rights are curtailed in two fundamental ways. First, the parameter of qualitative considerations that is available to any other person is removed from the armory of the decision-making criteria of incompetent minors and can no longer be employed by the proxy decision-makers. Second, what are rights in the case of competent individuals- the right to life and the right to health care--become duties. Ethically this denouement is deplorable. The medical profession now not only faces the pragmatically unenviable task of having to save or sustain all incompetent minors so long as medical science will permit but will have to do so even at the cost of quality of life. I shall pass over in silence the ethics of the resource allocation problem that now arises. As a medical ethicist I can only hope that the medical profession will soon see fit to challenge this decision on a formal basis. PMID- 6225504 TI - Immunologic dysfunction in patients with classic hemophilia receiving lyophilized factor VIII concentrates and cryoprecipitate. AB - The occurrence of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) in patients with hemophilia has suggested that an infectious agent transmitted through the frequent use of pooled blood products could be responsible. To determine if the amount or type of factor VIII preparation alters the risk of acquiring immune defects, three groups of asymptomatic heterosexual men were studied: 34 with severe classic hemophilia who were receiving lyophilized factor VIII concentrate, 10 with either mild classic hemophilia or moderately severe von Willebrand's disease who were receiving cryoprecipitate and 22 normal men who served as controls. Anergy was noted in 68%, 57% and 5% respectively of the three groups. In comparison with the control group, the group treated with lyophilized factor VIII concentrate had a significantly decreased mean ratio of helper to suppressor T lymphocytes, poor responses of the lymphocytes to mitogens, high unstimulated background activity of these cells and significantly elevated serum IgG levels. Although some of the patients with classic hemophilia who were treated with cryoprecipitate were also anergic, they did not manifest these in-vitro abnormalities. The data indicate that a majority of apparently immunocompetent individuals with classic hemophilia show in-vivo and in-vitro evidence of impaired cellular immunity and may be at risk for the development of opportunistic infections and neoplasms. PMID- 6225506 TI - Cytogenetic findings in over 2000 amniocenteses. AB - Between 1971 and 1981, 58 (2.8%) of 2037 amniocenteses performed in Vancouver revealed chromosome abnormalities, 25 of which were trisomy 21. Of the 58 referrals that yielded abnormalities, 37 (63.8%) were for a maternal age of 38 years or more. The rates of detection of such abnormalities for single-year intervals of maternal age beyond 35 years were comparable to those calculated from pooled data obtained in multicentre studies in the United States, Canada and Europe. PMID- 6225507 TI - Increased proportion of suppressor/cytotoxic (OKT8+) cells in patients with Hodgkin's disease in long-lasting remission. AB - The distribution of T-lymphocyte subsets in patients with Hodgkin's disease (HD) at diagnosis and in those disease-free off-therapy for over 5 years, was assessed with OKT monoclonal antibodies. In patients at diagnosis, T-cell subsets appeared substantially balanced with only a moderate reduction in the proportion and absolute number of OKT4 (helper/inducer) positive cells, suggesting that the lymphopenia, constantly associated with HD at diagnosis, is mainly due to a reduction in the helper/inducer T-cell subpopulation. In patients off-therapy, a reduced proportion, but normal absolute number, of OKT4+ cells was constantly accompanied by a significant increase in the proportion and absolute number of OKT8+ cells, compared with patients at diagnosis and normal controls (40% +/- 11 versus 24% +/- 7 and versus 23 +/- 6, respectively). Consequently the OKT4/OKT8 ratio, normal or near normal in patients at diagnosis (1.70 versus 2.00), was significantly reduced in patients off-therapy (0.78 versus 2.00, P less than 0.001). These data suggest that in patients with HD at diagnosis, T-cell subpopulations are substantially normal, while a significant abnormality was observed in patients with HD off-therapy and potentially "cured." Further investigations will better elucidate these findings probably related to the cytotoxic radiotherapy and chemotherapy. PMID- 6225508 TI - Randomized trial of 5-fluorouracil and mitomycin C with or without streptozotocin for advanced pancreatic cancer. A Southwest Oncology Group study. AB - A prospective randomized trial comparing streptozotocin, mitomycin C, and 5-FU (SMF) with mitomycin C and 5-FU (MF) in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer was performed. In patients with measurable disease the response rates were 34% (19/56) to SMF, and 8% (5/60) to MF (P = 0.009). Median survivals were similar, however, 18 versus 17 weeks (P = 0.356). Median survival of patients responding to chemotherapy was 33 weeks, and for nonresponders it was 17 weeks (P = 0.002). In patients with nonmeasurable disease, median survivals were 21 weeks (SMF) and 18 weeks (MF) (P = 0.797). Patients surviving greater than or equal to 48 weeks, however, appeared to be increased in the SMF arm (14 patients) compared to the MF (7 patients). Toxicity was moderate for both regimens, with SMF having greater gastrointestinal and renal toxicity. Chemotherapy with SMF appears to produce objective responses in patients with pancreatic cancer, but does not improve survival compared to MF. PMID- 6225509 TI - Concanavalin A-induced and spontaneous suppressor cell activities in peripheral blood lymphocytes and spleen cells from gastric cancer patients. AB - In 173 gastric cancer patients, activities of Concanavalin-A-induced suppressor cells (Con-AS) and spontaneous suppressor cells (SpS) in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL), splenic vein lymphocytes (SVL), and spleen cells (SCs) were investigated. Suppressions by Con-AS in PBL were significantly effective in patients of Stages III and IV, while suppressions by SpS were effective in patients with recurrent tumors. Thus, in PBLs of cancer patients, suppressor precursors, which are considered to be activated in vitro by Concanavalin-A, seemed to appear with the advances of the disease, and SpS activities, which could be already activated in vivo, seemed to increase in the terminal stage. In SCs, increased activities of Con-AS, but normal activities of SpS, were observed, and these suppressor-cell populations consisted of glass nonadherent cells. Suppressor activities of SCs would be due to suppressor T-cells, not to other types of cells. Furthermore, Con-AS existed in the medium-sized lymphocytes, which were fractionated on the basis of cell size, while SpS in the large-sized lymphocytes. A higher proportion of T-cells, bearing Fc receptors for IgG, was observed in the larger-sized lymphocyte fractions. Cell numbers in the large sized lymphocyte fraction tended to increase with the advances of tumors. From these results, it is suggested that higher presence of suppressor precursors and the increase of SpS activities may occur in cancer patients, depending on the tumor advancing. PMID- 6225510 TI - Supernatant derived from a human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line (PLC/PRF/5) activates a population of T-suppressor cells. AB - Harvest fluid derived from a primary hepatocellular carcinoma cell line (PLC/PRF/5) inhibited the incorporation of 3H-thymidine into PHA-activated human lymphocytes. A similar effect was observed when lymphocytes were pre-incubated with the tumour supernatant and washed prior to mitogen activation. Not only did the tumour supernatant inhibit 3H-thymidine incorporation by mitogen-activated lymphocytes, but it also inhibited production of the lymphokine leucocyte inhibitory factor (LIF). In experiments designed to establish whether a component of the tumour harvest fluid was activating a population of suppressor cells, normal mononuclear (MN) cells were treated with the PLC/PRF/5 or embryonic fibroblast supernatant for 48 h, after which they were washed and added to normal mitogen-activated lymphocyte cultures. Only cells pretreated with the PLC/PRF/5 supernatant suppressed mitogenesis. The cell responsible for the suppressor effect was a T cell, which after a further 24 h in culture liberated a suppressor factor responsible for inhibiting lymphocyte function. Although the nature of the factor/s in the PLC/PRF/5 supernatant responsible for activation of the T suppressor cell population is unknown, it is suggested that this mechanism may be important in protecting the tumour from the immune response. PMID- 6225512 TI - Enhancement of the incorporation of 5-fluorodeoxyuridylate into DNA of HL-60 cells by metabolic modulations. AB - The exposure of HL-60 human promyelocytic leukemia cells to 0.5 microM 5-fluoro 2'-[3H]deoxyuridine (FdUrd) for 16 hr resulted in the incorporation of 5.14 +/- 0.31 (S.D.) X 10(-7) mol FdUrd into DNA per mol of DNA nucleotide, which corresponds to 0.146 +/- 0.082 pmol FdUrd per 10(7) cells. Pretreatment with 50 microM deoxythymidine for 24 hr led to a 2.7-fold increase in the incorporation of this analogue into newly synthesized DNA during the ensuing 16-hr exposure to 0.5 microM [3H]FdUrd. Pretreatment with 0.5 microM methotrexate for 3 hr also increased the [3H]FdUrd incorporation into newly synthesized DNA approximately 5 fold. The coexistence of deoxythymidine or methotrexate with [3H]FdUrd, however, led to decreased incorporation of FdUrd into DNA. More than 50% of the radioactivity in DNA separated by Cs2SO4 equilibrium density gradient centrifugation was proven to be fluorodeoxyuridylate by means of its binding to Lactobacillus casei deoxythymidine monophosphate synthetase. PMID- 6225513 TI - Role of suppressor cells in the decline of natural killer cell activity in estrogen-treated mice. AB - Previous studies have shown that prolonged estrogen treatment of mice markedly reduces their natural killer (NK) cell activity. Our experiments demonstrate that splenocytes from (C57BL/6 X C3H/He) F1 mice treated with 17 beta-estradiol are suppressive for the NK activity of splenocytes from untreated mice when the two cell populations are mixed during cytotoxicity assays. The suppressor activity is resistant to treatment with anti-Thy-1.2 or anti-la reagent plus complement, can be generated in neonatally thymectomized mice, and is present in plastic-adherent as well as nonadherent cell populations. Treatment with a NK-reactive antiserum, either anti-asialo-GM-1 or anti-NK-1.2, has no effect on the suppressor activity. Administration of the interferon inducer polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid to mice treated with estrogen results in moderate restoration of NK activity but has no effect on the suppressor activity. These data suggest that generation of a Thy-1 negative/la-negative suppressor cell population is, at least in part, responsible for the reduced levels of NK activity in estrogen-treated mice. PMID- 6225511 TI - Tumour-reactive lymphocytes stimulated in mixed lymphocyte and tumour culture. Clonal analysis of effector cells in cytotoxic and proliferative assays. AB - Lymphocytes from cancer patients were stimulated in mixed culture with autologous tumour (MLTC) or pooled allogeneic lymphocytes (MLC). Both protocols induced increased uptake of 3H-thymidine at 5 days and the appearance of lymphoblasts. Blasts were isolated on discontinuous Percoll gradients and either expanded as bulk cultures or cloned directly under limiting dilution conditions in the presence of conditioned medium containing IL-2. Results with MLTC-blast-CTC have been reported elsewhere. MLC-activated cultures lysed autologous tumour but not autologous lymphoblasts. Lysis of some allogeneic tumours, lymphoblasts from members of the inducing pool, and K562 was also apparent. MLC activated cultures did not undergo restimulation in response to autologous tumour or lymphocytes but were restimulated by leukocytes from pool members. MLTC clones showed autologous tumour-specific cytotoxic activity or cross-reactive proliferative responses with tumours of the same site and histology. The majority of MLC clones cytotoxic for autologous tumour were also specific and did not lyse allogeneic tumour, K562, or lymphoblasts from the inducing pool. Two clones lysed autologous tumour and pool members. None of the clones tested proliferated in response to autologous tumour following MLC activation but some were responsive to pool members and one clone was restimulated by autologous monocytes. No association was found between clone phenotype and function. The implication of these data is that the effector cells with activity against autologous tumour induced in MLC arose largely by transstimulation of in vivo-activated tumour reactive lymphocytes by IL-2 release rather than expansion of NK-like effectors or sharing of antigenic specificities between tumour and allogeneic lymphocytes. Since MLC activation of cancer patients lymphocytes does not induce proliferative responses to autologous tumour it is unlikely to be a useful procedure in preparing cells for immunotherapy protocols. PMID- 6225515 TI - Comparative genotoxicity of adriamycin and menogarol, two anthracycline antitumor agents. AB - Adriamycin and menogarol are anthracyclines which cause more than 100% increase in life span of mice bearing P388 leukemia and B16 melanoma. Unlike Adriamycin, menogarol does not bind strongly to DNA, and it minimally inhibits DNA and RNA synthesis at lethal doses. Adriamycin is a clinically active drug, and menogarol is undergoing preclinical toxicology at National Cancer Institute. In view of the reported mutagenicity of Adriamycin, we have compared the genotoxicity of the two drugs. Our results show that, although Adriamycin and menogarol differ significantly in their bacterial mutagenicity (Ames assay), they have similar genotoxic activity in several mammalian systems. Adriamycin is strongly mutagenic in the Ames assay with TA98 and TA100. Menogarol is nonmutagenic to TA98 and TA100. For the mammalian cell culture systems, V79 (Chinese hamster) cells are exposed for 2 hr to drug, following which cell survival, induction of sister chromatid exchanges, chromosome damage, and production of mutants resistant to 6 thioguanine are measured. The percentage of survival obtained with the two drugs ranges between 25 and 50% at 0.15 microgram/ml and 5 to 15% at 0.3 microgram/ml. At 0.15 microgram/ml, Adriamycin and menogarol increase the percentage of cells with chromosome damage from a background level of 8.8 to 30 and 22.5%, respectively. The same drug concentration causes a small but significant increase in sister chromatid exchange rate. Both drugs are equally active (increase mutation frequency about 3- to 6-fold above background) in producing 6 thioguanine-resistant mutants. The induction of micronuclei in polychromatic erythrocytes of rats is the most sensitive assay system. Both drugs cause 10- to 15-fold increase in micronuclei at nontoxic doses. PMID- 6225514 TI - Patterns of cross-resistance to the antifolate drugs trimetrexate, metoprine, homofolate, and CB3717 in human lymphoma and osteosarcoma cells resistant to methotrexate. AB - Methotrexate (MTX)-resistant sublines of malignant human cells were selected in vitro by stepwise increase in drug concentration in the medium. By this procedure a subline of Burkitt's lymphoma cells (RAJI) was made 290-fold resistant (RAJI/MTX-R), T-cell leukemia cells (CCRF-CEM) were obtained 210-fold resistant (CEM/MTX-R), and 3 MTX-resistant human osteosarcoma lines were selected: TE 85/MTX-R (19-fold resistant; relative to wild-type); MG-63/MTX-R (8-fold resistant); and SAOS-2/MTX-R (200-fold resistant). We also studied a B-cell lymphoblastoid line, WI-L2/m4, that was 13,000-fold resistant. Assay of cellular dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) showed the following pattern of activity in resistant cell lines, relative to parental cell activity: RAJI/MTX-R, 550-fold increased; CEM/MTX-R, unchanged; TE-85/MTX-R, 4-fold increased; MG-63/MTX-R, 6 fold increased; SAOS-2/MTX-R, unchanged; and WI-L2/m4, 110-fold increased. Measurement of MTX membrane transport showed decreased uptake in CEM/MTX-R and SAOS-2/MTX-R, relative to parental cell lines. The other DHFR-overproducing cells all gave normal initial MTX uptake rates but increased total uptake. The DHFR overproducing lines all had significant cross-resistance to both metoprine and trimetrexate; the two lines with defective MTX transport were not cross resistant, and the CEM/MTX-R cells showed collateral sensitivity to these agents. Only minor cross-resistance to homofolic acid was found in all MTX-resistant lines. The highly MTX-resistant RAJI/MTX-R and WI-L2/m4 cells showed minor cross resistance to the dual inhibitor of thymidylate synthetase and DHFR, CB3717 (5- and 15-fold, respectively). These studies demonstrated that, depending upon the mechanism of resistance, MTX-resistant human tumor cells may be effectively killed by antifolates with different routes of uptake into cells, or with a different enzyme target. Thus, there are at least three functionally distinct classes of folate antagonist with antitumor activity. PMID- 6225516 TI - Biochemical quantification of ATPase activities during liver carcinogenesis. AB - In the course of chemically induced liver carcinogenesis as one of the earliest changes, the histochemically demonstrable focal loss of nucleoside 5' triphosphatase activities (ATPase) is detectable. The exact quantitation and differentiation of these alterations can be achieved by biochemical analysis in microdissected preneoplastic foci. The preparation of focal tissue was facilitated using a microscopic-microdissecting apparatus [1]. By microanalytic determination of hydrolytic cleavage of 32P from gamma 32P-ATP a decrease of total ATPase activity to about 70% was found. Furthermore, the alteration of ATPase activities in course of chemically induced liver carcinogenesis in rats will be described. PMID- 6225517 TI - Reduction of infarct size with thrombolytic agents. PMID- 6225518 TI - A model of asynchronous left ventricular relaxation predicting the bi-exponential pressure decay. AB - A new model for the pressure relaxation of the left ventricle is proposed. The model presumes that the myocardium relaxes asynchronously, but that when regions begin to relax, after a delay, the local wall stress decays as a mono-exponential process. This formulation results in an apparently bi-exponential process (two time constants) which has been previously reported. It is shown that the ratio of the two time constants (T2/T1) can be interpreted as the fraction of the myocardium which relaxes synchronously. Data are presented illustrating the Model during transient coronary occlusion in patients undergoing percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. PMID- 6225519 TI - Therapeutic rounds at The Milton S. Hershey Medical Center. PMID- 6225520 TI - Etodolac, aspirin, and placebo in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a 12-week study. AB - Etodolac, aspirin, and placebo were evaluated for efficacy and safety in 18 patients with adult-onset, active rheumatoid arthritis. This was a 12-week, double-blind, parallel-group study divided into drug titration and maintenance periods and preceded by a washout period of up to two weeks. The mean daily maintenance doses of etodolac and aspirin were 394 mg and 4,414 mg, respectively. Etodolac was significantly (P less than or equal to 0.05) more effective than placebo in five of ten clinical variables of efficacy: number of painful joints, number of swollen joints, pain intensity, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and patients' overall assessments. Aspirin was significantly more effective than placebo in only two assessments: number of painful joints and pain intensity. One patient on etodolac, two patients on aspirin, and four patients on placebo had to be withdrawn from the trial because of insufficient therapeutic response. One patient in the placebo group was withdrawn from the study because of a pruritic rash. Mild to moderate gastrointestinal complaints occurred in all three treatment groups: in three patients taking etodolac, three taking aspirin, and two taking placebo. PMID- 6225522 TI - Role of calcium in triggering the release of transmitters at the neuromuscular junction. AB - Calcium ions have a key role in triggering the release of packaged transmitter at the amphibian neuromuscular junction and of the chromaffin granules at the adrenal medulla. It is suggested that (i) proteins on the vesicle and plasma membranes are of particular importance in promoting membrane fusion and exocytosis (ii) they may be divalent cation-stimulated ATPases, which form the calcium-binding sites or have a specific calcium-binding protein in close molecular apposition (iii) these ATPases in synaptic vesicles and chromaffin granules also generate a protonmotive force which is associated with the uptake of transmitter (iv) the osmotic properties of the vesicle may be important during fission, but it is not suggested that chemiosmotic effects are involved in Ca2+ triggered fusion (v) the action of calcium is markedly co-operative (vi) the adrenal medullary cell and the n.m.j. may differ in the Ca2+-binding site; there is evidence for the involvement of calmodulin in granule-plasmalemma fusion in the chromaffin cells, but not at present (surprisingly) for a role of this Ca2+ binding protein at the n.m.j. (vii) exocytosis requires MgATP (viii) phosphorylation of the ATPase may well be involved; phosphorylation via cAMP does not seem to be involved in fusion in either system (ix) the ATPase may undergo configurational changes during exocytosis and is markedly sensitive to the physical state of its phospholipid environment and to the oxidation of its -SH groups. PMID- 6225521 TI - Calcium/sodium exchange in purified secretory vesicles from bovine neurohypophyses. AB - Purified secretory vesicles isolated from bovine neurohypophyses take up Na+ under the same circumstances where an efflux of Ca2+ takes place, suggesting a Na+/Ca2+ exchange. Potassium cannot substitute for Na+ in this process. Also, a Ca2+/Ca2+ exchange can occur. Inhibiting the latter process by Mg2+ allowed to estimate an apparent KM of 0.7 microM free Ca2+ and a maximal uptake of 1.5 nmol X mg protein-1 X min-1 Ca2+ in exchange for Na+. The vesicles did not contain plasma membrane marker (Na+/K+ ATPase) as shown by distribution analyses on the density gradients on which they were purified. Similarly, distribution studies also showed that no other ATPase activity could be detected in the purified vesicle fraction. It is concluded that a Na+/Ca2+ exchange is operating across the secretory vesicle membrane and that it is not directly dependent on ATP hydrolysis. PMID- 6225523 TI - Identification of a new marker (Ly RL male 1) for cells of the T lineage by an auto-antithymocyte serum. AB - The sera of mice surviving challenge with a Thy-1-negative variant of the thymoma RL male 1 contain antibodies which identify a new cell surface antigen (Ly RL male 1) present on cells of the T lineage. This antigen appears early in the development of the lineage and it can be detected on most thymocyte precursors. Its presence on prothymocytes can serve to distinguish these cells from their multipotential precursors. The antigen is present on many thymocytes, and dividing thymocytes are more susceptible to its cytotoxic activity than is the total population. Ly RL male 1-antigen-positive cells can be detected in peripheral lymphoid tissues by both functional assays and absorption. Treatment of peripheral lymphoid cells with the antiserum leads to significant reduction in MLR and helper activity but does not alter mitogen reactivity or lymphocytotoxicity. Animals with significant serum levels of anti-RL male 1 are deficient in their ability to produce IgG antibody to sheep erythrocytes. PMID- 6225524 TI - Induction of T cell activity in athymic (nu/nu) mice infected with Trypanosoma rhodesiense. AB - Infection of C57BL/10 (B10)3 nu/nu mice with Trypanosoma rhodesiense results in the development of significant T-cell reactivity in spleen and lymph nodes. The proliferative responses to mitogens, such as concanavalin A (Con A) and phytohemagglutinin (PHA), and in mixed-lymphocyte reactions (MLR) to alloantigens are enhanced compared with control uninfected nu/nu mice. These results serve to emphasize the stimulatory nature of trypanosomes on the immune system. PMID- 6225525 TI - Experimental erythrocyte autoantibodies. V. Induction and suppression of red blood cell autoantibodies in mice injected with rat bromelain-treated red blood cells. AB - Mice injected with rat red blood cells (RBC), or rat bromelain-treated (brom) RBC, produce RBC autoantibodies and suppressor cells that specifically inhibit the autoimmune response without inhibiting the net production of antibodies against rat RBC. It has been investigated whether suppressor cells induced by injections of rat RBC are effective in preventing autoantibody production induced by rat brom RBC and vice versa. Autoantibodies were induced in C3H mice by weekly ip injections, each 0.2 ml, of a 6% suspension of rat RBC or rat brom RBC. Autoantibody production was assayed using Coombs' test. Suppressor cells were present in the spleens of mice positive in Coombs' tests and were shown by intravenous injections of 40 X 10(6) viable cells per mouse into untreated syngeneic mice 18 hr before the first injection of rat RBC or rat brom RBC. Autoantibodies eluted from mice positive in Coombs' tests after injections of rat RBC or brom RBC were absorbed by either type of rat RBC but not by RBC from sheep. This suggests that rat RBC and rat brom RBC display antigens that are similar, if not identical, to autoantigens on the mouse RBC. Spleen cells from mice injected with rat RBC suppressed autoantibodies induced by both rat RBC and rat brom RBC. In contrast, spleen cells from mice injected with rat brom RBC suppressed autoantibodies induced by rat brom RBC but not those induced by unmodified rat RBC. This differential suppression may be due to the removal from rat RBC, by bromelain, of a suppressor site and/or autoantigens of some specificities. Thus rat brom RBC may not induce the total range of specificities of autoantibodies, and of suppressor cells, induced by rat RBC. PMID- 6225526 TI - Regulation of naturally occurring autoantibody secretion by a radiosensitive lymphocyte: initial characterization and ontogeny. AB - Low level irradiation (400-500 R) of normal mice or of murine spleen cells resulted in the detection of an enhanced number of plaque-forming cells against bromelain-treated autologous red cells (Br MRBC) 1 day later. The mechanism responsible for the increased numbers of plaques is apparently the elimination of a suppressor T cell since the addition of thymocytes or of Lyt 1+2+ splenic cells to cultures of irradiated cells reversed the radiation-induced increase. Studies on the ontogeny of the phenomenon indicate that anti-Br MRBC plaques can be formed by spleen cells taken from mice shortly after birth although adult levels are not reached until after 3 weeks of age. Radiation-induced increases in the number of plaques were not seen until 3 weeks of age, thus, suggesting a temporal developmental sequence of the ability to produce autoantibodies and to regulate such production. PMID- 6225527 TI - Effect of histamine and histamine antagonists on natural and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity of human lymphocytes in vitro. AB - The in vitro effect of histamine and its antagonists, cimetidine and clemastine fumarate, on natural killer (NK) and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) activities of human lymphocytes was investigated. The histamine 1 (H1) antagonist, clemastine fumarate, and the histamine 2 (H2) antagonist, cimetidine, but not histamine alone, inhibited the NK and ADCC activities of lymphocytes when added directly to the mixture of effector and target cells in a 51Cr-release assay. This inhibition was proportional to the concentration of drugs added and was observed at various effector to target ratios against several targets. H1 and H2 antagonists also inhibited NK activities of T cells as well as Percoll separated, NK-enriched effector cells. The inhibition was significantly reversed by histamine. In target binding assays, clemastine fumarate and cimetidine also decreased the target binding capacity of effector lymphocytes. Further, PBL precultured with histamine (10(-3)-10(-4) M) for 24 hr showed a significant decrease in their NK and ADCC activities. In coculture experiments, PBL precultured with histamine suppressed the NK activity of normal autologous effector lymphocytes. PBL precultured with histamine showed an increased number of OKT8+ cells, as estimated using monoclonal antibodies. The suppression of cytotoxicity was not due to either direct toxicity, steric hindrance, crowding, or cell death, but by functionally viable suppressor cells. An immunoregulatory role for histamine in NK and ADCC reactions is proposed. PMID- 6225528 TI - Modulation of in vitro immune responses by monoclonal antibody to T200 antigen. AB - The effects of monoclonal antibody to the T200 antigen on murine mixed-lymphocyte cultures (MLC) and on the generation of alloreactive cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) are investigated. Addition of monoclonal anti-T200 without complement to MLC results in a late suppression of the proliferative response preceded in some cases by an early enhancement. These modulations require the presence of allogeneic stimulator cells; no effects are seen when antibody is added to responders alone. A similar effect is seen on the generation of CTL. Compared to controls without antibody, cultures carried out in the presence of anti-T200 show reduced levels of cytotoxicity measured against allogeneic targets by Day 5. The kinetics of the suppressive effects differ from those seen with anti-Lyt-2, and no suppressive effects are seen with monoclonal antibodies to other cell surface molecules. PMID- 6225529 TI - Comparative analysis of the suppression by cord blood mononuclear cells of adult and neonatal lymphocytes. AB - The spontaneous or in vivo generated suppressor cell activity of adult and cord blood has been quantitated and compared in a system that examines the regulation of the T-cell response to mitogen. We confirmed previous findings that spontaneous suppressor cell activity is stronger in cord blood. This is only true, however, in a system that uses adult lymphocytes as responder cells. Cord blood responder cells are significantly more resistant to suppressor signals than are adult cells. Thus, the influence of cord blood suppressor cells on cord blood effector cells is equivalent to that seen in similar cocultures containing only adult cells. Spontaneous suppressor cell activity decreases rapidly among cultured adult cells but remains unaffected in cultures of cord cells for at least 4 days. Suppressor cell activity induced by concanavalin A (Con A) was significantly greater with adult cells. The sum of the spontaneous and Con A induced suppressor cell activity among both cord and adult mononuclear cells was identical, indicating that the total potential suppressor cell function of the two populations is similar and that assays of spontaneous or Con A-induced suppressor cell activity are likely to be examining the same cell population. These findings strengthen the hypothesis that while fetal immunoregulatory cells may be potent suppressor of maternal (adult) lymphocytes, internal (fetal) balance is maintained by having responder cells relatively resistant to these fetal suppressor cells. PMID- 6225530 TI - Comparative analysis of the heterogeneity of mononuclear cells present in adult and cord blood by simultaneous examination of multiple phenotypic characteristics. AB - In an attempt to better relate specific membrane characteristics of human adult and cord blood lymphocytes to specific functional activities, the phenotypic differences that exist in these two populations have been examined. Cord blood cells have considerably more spontaneous suppressor cell activity than adult cells. A technique that allows cells to be examined simultaneously for their ability to ingest latex beads, react with specific monoclonal antisera, bind sheep erythrocytes, or react with the Fc portion of IgG was used. As well as assessing fresh populations, phenotypic changes that occur when such cells are held in culture or stimulated with phytohemagglutinin for 3 days were sought. Many differences were found when comparing these mononuclear populations. These included the observations that 12% of adult and 9% of cord blood E-rosette forming cells ingest latex beads and that 9% of OKT3 reactive cells in both populations did not form E rosettes. In cord blood 58% of T cells that bind OKT8 do not form E rosettes. A similar percentage of cord blood T8-positive cells express a receptor for Fc gamma, such cells being very uncommon in adult blood. Four "monocyte" subpopulations were identified in both samples. One such population (an OKM1- and Fc gamma-positive, nonphagocytic cell) was three times more common in cord blood. In cord blood some OKM1-positive cells also appeared to be simultaneously OKT8 positive. These phenotypic variations forward populations that may be candidates responsible for the functional differences noted in vitro. PMID- 6225531 TI - The differential effect of 2-deoxyguanosine on concanavalin A-induced suppressor and cytotoxic activity. AB - The effect of 2-deoxyguanosine (dGuo) on the generation in vitro of nonspecific suppressor cells in murine spleen cell cultures by concanavalin A (Con A) is examined. The experiments indicate that dGuo abrogates the generation of nonspecific suppressor activity by lectin stimulation of murine spleen cells. When comparisons were made between the effect of this nucleoside on the generation of suppressor and cytotoxic cells by Con A stimulation of murine spleen cells, it was found that dGuo only affected the generation of suppressor cells. The development of lectin-stimulated cytotoxicity was not affected by dGuo. In addition it was found that dGuo does not affect the NK activity of murine spleens. PMID- 6225532 TI - Absence of metabolic turnover of N-methyl groups in non-histone and high mobility group chromosomal proteins. AB - Turnover of N-methyl groups in non-histone chromosomal (NHC) and high mobility group (HMG) proteins from chinese hamster ovary cell nuclei was compared with that of the peptide backbone. Cells grown with tritiated amino-acids and methionine (Me-14C) were resuspended in unlabeled medium, and aliquots removed at 4 time points. Halflives were calculated from the decay of the respective specific activities by the method of least squares. Ratios of halflives for 14C and 3H calculated from the first order rate decay curves of the specific activities were shown to be close to unity. PMID- 6225533 TI - [Comparison and evaluation of various methods of laboratory diagnosis of rotavirus infections (electron microscopy, counterimmunoelectrophoresis, enzyme immunoassay, coagglutination, immunofluorescence)]. PMID- 6225534 TI - [Contribution to the problem of sporadic acute respiratory infections (ARI) caused by RS viruses and Mycoplasma pneumoniae in preschool-age children and adults]. PMID- 6225535 TI - [Transferable resistance to azlocillin (Securopen)]. PMID- 6225536 TI - [Aspects of quantification of components of human complement. I. Isolation of the C3 component of complement, preparation of a specific antiserum]. PMID- 6225537 TI - [A focus of leptospirosis in a deep mine]. PMID- 6225538 TI - [Quantitative evaluation of peptones using growth tests]. PMID- 6225539 TI - [Effect of the culture medium on the morphology of Vibrio cholerae non-01]. PMID- 6225540 TI - [Viruses in foods and alimentary virus diseases]. PMID- 6225541 TI - [Desogestrel - a new progestin]. PMID- 6225543 TI - [Trends in studies of activation of blood circulation and treatment of stasis]. PMID- 6225542 TI - Nuclear DNA endonuclease activities on partially apurinic/apyrimidinic DNA in normal human and xeroderma pigmentosum lymphoblastoid and mouse melanoma cells. AB - DNA endonuclease activities from nuclear proteins of normal human and xeroderma pigmentosum (XP), complementation group A, lymphoblastoid and Cloudman mouse melanoma cells were examined against partially apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) DNA. Non-histone chromatin-associated and nucleoplasmic proteins, obtained from isolated nuclei, were subfractionated by isoelectric focusing and assayed for DNA endonuclease activity against linear, calf thymus DNA. All of the nine chromatin associated and three of the nucleoplasmic fractions, which lacked DNA exonuclease activity, were tested for DNA endonuclease activity against both native and partially AP, circular, duplex, supercoiled PM2 DNA. In all three cell lines, four chromatin-associated, but none of the nucleoplasmic fractions, showed increased activity against DNA rendered AP by either heat/acid treatment or by alkylation with methyl methanesulfonate (MMS) followed by heat. One chromatin associated activity, with pI 9.8, which was not active on native DNA, showed the greatest activity on AP DNA. AP activity was moderately decreased in XP cells and slightly decreased in mouse melanoma cells, as compared with normal cells, in the fraction at pI 9.8. Little or no increased activity was observed in any of the endonucleases from any of the cell lines on MMS alkylated DNA. PMID- 6225544 TI - [Observation on efficiency of the treatment of the retinal vein by "Huo Xue Hua Yu" method]. PMID- 6225545 TI - [Blood rheology in diabetic patients and its change after combined traditional Chinese and western medicine treatment]. PMID- 6225546 TI - [Clinical effect of "Yi Qi Huo Xue" medicinal herbs in acute myocardial infarction: a randomized controlled study]. PMID- 6225547 TI - [Relationship between differentiation of symptom complex of acute myocardial infarction and plasma cyclic adenosine and sex hormone levels]. PMID- 6225548 TI - [Analysis of differentiation of symptom complex of acute myocardial infarction]. PMID- 6225549 TI - [Pharmaco-conization with Chinese traditional drugs for the treatment of early carcinoma of cervix uteri--observation of late results]. PMID- 6225550 TI - [Combined traditional Chinese and western medicine in the treatment of serious side effects of chemotherapy of malignant mole and choriocarcinoma--a report of 15 cases]. PMID- 6225551 TI - [Relationship between differentiation of symptom complex and liver pathology in viral hepatitis--analysis of liver biopsy of 41 cases]. PMID- 6225552 TI - [Typology of renal hypertension according to traditional Chinese medicine and changes of prostaglandins, renin, angiotensin II, and cyclic nucleotides in plasma]. PMID- 6225553 TI - [Investigation of the relationship between Yang Xu symptom complex in traditional Chinese medicine and thyroid hormones]. PMID- 6225554 TI - [Preliminary observation on determination of trace elements in the hair in patients with renal insufficiency]. PMID- 6225555 TI - [28 Cases of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria treated by combined traditional Chinese and western medicine]. PMID- 6225556 TI - [Treatment of acute infective polyneuritis by combined traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine--observation of 34 cases]. PMID- 6225557 TI - [Analysis of the therapeutic effects of "Xi Lei Powder" in 86 cases of peptic ulcer]. PMID- 6225558 TI - [Advances in research of the action of components isolated from Fructus schizandrae chinensis on animal livers]. PMID- 6225559 TI - [Advances in the clinical and experimental research in combined traditional Chinese and western medicine for the treatment of tumor]. PMID- 6225560 TI - Acute occlusion after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty--a new approach. AB - Between July 1980 and November 1982, there were 935 coronary angioplasties attempted at Emory University Hospital. Of these patients, 20 developed acute occlusion. Of these 20, 19 presented within 3 hr of surgery or within 3 hr after stopping a continuous heparin infusion. Five patients required emergency surgery, but in 15 nitrates, nifedipine, and/or repeat angioplasty reopened the artery and the patient could be stabilized on continuous infusions of heparin and nitroglycerin. In only one case was an occluding thrombus evident on angiographic examination. The mechanism of acute occlusion is unknown, but coronary artery spasm may play a role. PMID- 6225561 TI - Transluminal angioplasty of occluded coronary arteries: use of a movable guide wire system. PMID- 6225562 TI - Long-term exercise performance after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty and coronary artery bypass grafting. AB - In our first 169 consecutive patients admitted to undergo percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) serial bicycle ergometric exercise sessions were scheduled to assess long-term-exercise performance. In 160 of these 169 patients (95%) an average of seven ergometric measurements were available during a mean follow-up period of 29 months (range 1 to 60 months). Two groups were formed. One consisted of 132 patients in whom PTCA was successful and the other consisted of 28 patients with failure of PTCA who subsequently underwent coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) either on an emergency basis (12 patients) or as an elective procedure (16 patients). Exercise performance was expressed as work capacity in watts according to the highest completed exercise stage. In the successful PTCA group the actual work capacities increased from 74 +/- 42 W (mean +/- SD) before PTCA to 122 +/- 47 W at the most recent follow-up examination. In patients who underwent emergency or elective CABG the respective figures were 73 +/- 34 or 65 +/- 37 W before surgery and 120 +/- 41 or 119 +/- 41 W at the most recent follow-up examination (p less than .005 for all preprocedure to postprocedure comparisons). Successful PTCA and CABG after failed PTCA improve work capacity significantly. Comparison of our results with those of surgical studies indicates that a failed attempt at PTCA before CABG does not compromise the functional outcome of the operation, regardless whether it is done on an emergency or on an elective basis. PMID- 6225563 TI - Balloon occlusion of atrial septal defect to assess right ventricular capability in hypoplastic right heart syndrome. AB - Early surgery for forms of hypoplastic right heart syndrome may increase right ventricular size but could leave the patient with a residual right-to-left atrial shunt. Previous attempts to assess the capability of the right ventricle to accept systemic venous return have relied on angiographic estimates of tricuspid valve and right ventricular sizes. Since the minimum adequate sizes have not been established, we used a more physiologic technique of temporarily occluding the interatrial communication with a balloon-tipped catheter at cardiac catheterization in six consecutive patients. Five patients tolerated complete occlusion, although the tricuspid valve anulus diameter was less than the fifth percentile in all, and right ventricular volume was less than the fifth percentile in four. These five underwent surgical closure of an interatrial communication without evidence of postoperative systemic venous hypertension. Attempted occlusion in the sixth patient caused profound systemic venous hypoxia and surgical closure was not attempted. Temporary balloon occlusion may improve selection of patients for definitive operation. PMID- 6225564 TI - Treatment of restenosis of coarctation by percutaneous transluminal angioplasty. AB - Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) was used successfully to treat coarctation restenosis in seven patients. The patients were 10 months to 17 years old at the time of the angioplasty, and the initial coarctation repair had been performed 10 months to 16 1/2 years previously. PTA reduced the systolic pressure gradient across the coarctation from a mean of 58 mm Hg before the procedure to a mean of 13 mm Hg immediately after PTA. Follow-up has been from 1 to 14 months and indicates that the decrease in the systolic pressure gradient is persistent. PMID- 6225565 TI - The mechanism of transluminal angioplasty: evidence for formation of aneurysms in experimental atherosclerosis. AB - Quantitative histologic examination (morphometric analysis) of pressure-perfused rabbit atherosclerotic arteries was used to determine whether compression of atheromatous material occurs with transluminal angioplasty. Experimental atherosclerosis was developed in both iliac arteries, with transluminal angioplasty performed on the left iliac while the right iliac served as a nondilated control. Angiography showed equal degrees of luminal narrowing before angioplasty (p = NS). Angioplasty reduced the left iliac narrowing in all animals studied. Morphometric analysis of histologic sections of the left and right iliac arteries disclosed significant differences in luminal and total vessel areas (p less than .05), whereas arterial wall (intima and media) areas were similar (p = NS). Dilated areas often demonstrated marked intimal splitting with dissection into the media. At higher magnification, loss of nuclear staining and dense layers of extracellular matrix consistent with stretching were frequently seen. It is concluded that the major mechanism of successful transluminal angioplasty is stretching of the vessel, resulting in localized aneurysm formation. Intimal splitting implies inelasticity of the neointima. No evidence of compression and remodeling of atheromatous material was disclosed in this study. PMID- 6225566 TI - Hormones in saliva: mode of entry and consequent implications for clinical interpretation. AB - Assay of hormones in saliva would be more convenient than assay in blood, but there is no information on the route by which hormones enter saliva, information that would provide insight into the clinical value of such assays. We have examined the mode of entry of various hormones into saliva. The results suggest that unconjugated steroids enter saliva by diffusing through the cells of the salivary glands and that their concentration in saliva does not depend on the rate of saliva production. Conjugated steroids enter saliva via "ultrafiltration" through the tight junctions between the acinar cells, and their concentration in saliva is highly flow-rate dependent. Thyroxin and choriogonadotropin enter saliva via the ultrafiltration route or by contamination of the saliva by plasma or gingival fluid. We conclude that the salivary concentration of unconjugated steroids may usefully reflect the concentration of free (nonprotein-bound) steroids in plasma. Conversely, the concentration of conjugated steroids, thyroxin, and protein hormones such as choriogonadotropin in saliva probably does not reflect their concentration in plasma in any clinically useful way. PMID- 6225567 TI - Cryoscopic behavior of isolated lipoprotein(a), and possible consequences for its use as a standard. PMID- 6225568 TI - Lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase in Down's syndrome. AB - Based on earlier reports indicating that Down's syndrome may represent an atheroma-free human model, two groups of institutionalized subjects were compared with respect to various parameters of their plasma lipid transport system. One group of subjects was comprised of Down's syndrome subjects and the second, a group of mentally retarded individuals. Parameters measured included plasma cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL-cholesterol, apolipoprotein levels (A-I, B, C-III, and E), lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) activity, body mass and blood pressure. Statistical analyses indicated no significant differences between the two groups except for the lower fractional rate of cholesterol esterification (% cholesterol esterified per hour, p = 0.0049) in the Down's syndrome subjects. Adjustment for the effects of body mass and age revealed no other significant differences between the two groups except for a lower molar rate of esterification (nmol cholesterol esterified X h-1 X ml-1, p less than 0.0063) in the Down's syndrome subjects. Additional differences between the two groups were revealed by partial correlational analyses of LCAT activity with the measured parameters or ratios of these parameters which suggests that the composition and/or metabolism of lipoproteins may differ between these two groups. Whether the lower LCAT activity and the other differences reflected by the correlational analyses contribute to the decreased incidence of atherosclerotic lesions in Down's syndrome remains to be elucidated. PMID- 6225569 TI - A mixed longitudinal study of adrenal steroid excretion in childhood and the mechanism of adrenarche. AB - Twenty four-hour urine samples have been collected 6 monthly for 18 months from 127 normal boys aged between 7.5 and 17 years. Urinary steroid metabolites have been measured by gas-liquid chromatography and ratios of steroid metabolites used to draw conclusions about likely enzymic activities at each step in the adrenal biosynthetic pathway. DHA excretion rose throughout the study, especially between 7.5 and 11 years. Metabolites of cortisol and corticosterone did not increase when related to surface area. During adrenarche there were changes consistent with a decrease in 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity, a slight rise in 17 alpha hydroxylase activity, a marked rise in 17,20 lyase activity, and a fall in 11 beta hydroxylase activity. These data are compatible with the hypothesis that a small reduction in the ability to synthesize cortisol requires a marginal increase in the secretion of ACTH and/or other CRF-induced peptides to maintain cortisol production rate. ACTH itself or a dexamethasone-suppressible CRF-induced peptide would in such a case control the growth of the zona reticularis at adrenarche, which thus appears to be primarily an adrenal event. PMID- 6225570 TI - Binding of immunoglobulin-G from patients with thyroid autoimmune disease to normal T lymphocytes. AB - Sera from patients with Graves' disease and Hashimoto's thyroiditis were reacted with normal T lymphocyte preparations in an attempt to detect binding of immunoglobulin G (IgG) to T cells. Sera from normal subjects and patients with toxic adenomas served as controls. Each serum was reacted with at least three different preparations of normal T cells. Bound IgG was identified using a fluoresceinated second antibody, antihuman IgG. Positive cells were enumerated by means of epifluorescent microscopy. IgG from 57.8% of toxic Graves' patients, 30.7% of Graves' patients who were euthyroid after treatment, and 41.6% of Hashimoto's patients bound to normal T cells more than did IgG from normal controls. Reactivity of toxic adenoma sera was similar to that of normal sera. When the positive sera were reacted with helper or suppressor/cytotoxic T cell preparations (separated by negative selection technique), the binding was shown to be directed against suppressor/cytotoxic T cells but not against helper cells. These data indicate that a significant proportion of patients with autoimmune thyroid disease have IgG in their serum which react with a subset of normal T suppressor/cytotoxic cells. This phenomenon could be the expression of anti lymphocyte antibodies, which may relate to previously recognized reductions in number and function of suppressor T cells in autoimmune thyroid disease. PMID- 6225572 TI - Family distances can reveal hidden consanguinity. AB - Family distances, defined as summary measures of all possible geographic distances between birthplaces of paternal ancestors and birthplaces of maternal ancestors in a given generation, were compared in patients with autosomal recessive disorders and patients with Down's syndrome. In general, family distances in Down's syndrome patients were twice the family distances in patients with autosomal recessive disorders, even after the exclusion of rare disorders or cases with overt consanguinity. In modern, Western European societies grandparental and great-grandparental family distances may be more appropriate measures of the effect of population structure than parental distance or parental consanguinity. PMID- 6225571 TI - Indirect evidence that the action of cyproterone acetate on the skin is due to a metabolite. AB - Cyproterone acetate, applied as 1% solution in ethanol or isopropyl myristate, did not decrease the sebum excretion rate (SER) when applied to forehead skin of patients with acne, although SER is decreased when the drug is given systemically. The probable explanation is that cyproterone acetate owes its local action to a metabolite formed systemically. The present study shows this is unlikely to be the 17 beta-hydroxy cyproterone acetate. PMID- 6225573 TI - Pi phenotypes in Down's syndrome. PMID- 6225574 TI - Atypical Down syndrome and partial trisomy 21. AB - A case of "atypical" Down Syndrome (DS), where the proposita did not exhibit all of the clinical features of DS and had de novo partial trisomy 21, was studied. Results from phenotypic, chromosome banding and superoxide dismutase (SOD) gene dosage studies suggest a karyotype of 46,XX,-12,+t(12pter to 12qter::21q21 to 21q22.?2). Additional studies of such atypical cases will provide more precise sublocalization for both gene and phenotypic mapping of the bands that are responsible for the DS phenotype. PMID- 6225575 TI - Defective autologous and allogeneic mixed lymphocyte reactions in hairy cell leukaemia. AB - The autologous and allogeneic mixed lymphocyte reactions were measured using peripheral blood cells from 13 patients with hairy cell leukaemia (HCL), six of whom had been splenectomized when first studied. T cells from five patients responded to autologous stimulation, and one of these had received splenectomy. Significant alloreactivity was observed in nine patients, of whom three were splenectomized. An absent autologous reaction was associated with ratios of OKT4:OKT8 positive cells less than 1.5, and such ratios were more often observed after splenectomy. Non-T cells from 10 of 11 patients stimulated allogeneic normal T cells. The amounts of HLA-DR antigens on hairy cells were similar to those on normal peripheral blood non-T cells. These data suggest that the defects of response in HCL reflect abnormalities at the responder T cell level. Such defects may contribute to the defective host defence frequently observed in HCL. PMID- 6225576 TI - Induction of non-specific human suppressor cells in vitro by defined Onchocerca volvulus antigens. AB - In the present study the activity of Onchocerca volvulus total antigens (OVA) on the proliferative response of human lymphocytes from healthy donors was investigated. Normal human lymphocytes were cultured for 72 h with polyclonal activators, phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) or pokeweed mitogen (PWM), together with OVA, and thymidine uptake was measured. The proliferation of normal lymphocytes was markedly inhibited by the parasite antigens. The inhibition was not attributable to a cytotoxic effect of OVA, since at least 80% viable cells were recovered at the end of cell cultures. The inhibition was not abrogated by removal of the adherent cell population. The passage of OVA through immunosorbent column containing human antibodies to O. volvulus significantly reduced the suppressive activity of OVA. The in vitro response to mitogens (PHA, PWM) of normal human lymphocytes was suppressed by co-culture with allogeneic or syngeneic lymphocytes, which had previously been exposed for 72 h to OVA. The suppression was not abrogated by the irradiation of mononuclear cells before the exposure to OVA. A significant reduction of the suppression was however observed when OVA pre-treated cells were T cell depleted by centrifugation of E rosettes. Thus, parasite antigens, which are recognized by antibodies in infected human sera may participate in the modulation of the cellular immune response during O. volvulus infection by inducing suppressor cells. This suppression could in addition contribute to the survival of the parasite in its host. PMID- 6225577 TI - The immune system in familial Mediterranean fever. AB - Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) is a genetic disorder with an obscure aetiology. In attempts to investigate a possible immunoregulatory imbalance involved in this disease we tested 24 FMF patients for suppressor T cell activity and for chemotaxis of mononuclear cells. The suppressor T cell activity and chemotaxis were decreased in untreated FMF patients as compared to colchicine treated patients or normal controls. Amyloid FMF patients manifested significantly increased chemotactic activity, while the suppressor T cell activity was normal. This finding may extend our knowledge concerning the immune mechanism involved in FMF. PMID- 6225578 TI - In vitro immune cell function in six cases of immunoproliferative small intestinal disease after long term remission. AB - We have studied several parameters of in vitro immune cell function in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from six patients with immunoproliferative small intestinal disease after long term remission. We have observed two groups of patients with different patterns of response. (a) After stimulation with pokeweed mitogen (PWM) and Staphylococcus aureus, three patients showed a significant reduction of the Ig synthesis (A, G and M) and the proliferative response. In two of them, we found increased spontaneous suppressor T cell activity. In the third case, the diminished response could not be attributed, according to our assays, either to suppressor T cells, lack of T helper activity (although the number of OKT4+ cells was diminished) or an intrinsic B cell defect. The three patients showed normal or augmented NK activity and an inversion of the OKT4+/OKT8+ ratio was detected in two of them. (b) The remaining three patients showed a normal Ig synthesis after stimulation with PWM and a slightly depressed IgM synthesis in response to S. aureus. They expressed a normal T helper cell function and did not show increased spontaneous suppressor T cell activity. They had low levels of natural killer cytotoxicity and the OKT4+/OKT8+ ratio was not significantly altered. Taken together, our data indicate that significant alterations of the in vitro immune response can be found in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of some immunoproliferative small intestinal disease patients after long term remission. PMID- 6225579 TI - Subsets of blood, spleen and recirculating lymphocytes in man. AB - Lymphocyte subpopulations were characterized in human blood and spleens. In addition the spleens were perfused by a closed extracorporeal perfusion system under almost physiological conditions. Lymphocytes released from the spleen during perfusion were taken to be representative of recirculating lymphocytes. B lymphocytes were classified by their surface immunoglobulin, T lymphocytes and T lymphocyte subsets by cytochemistry, sheep red blood cell rosette formation and in some experiments by monoclonal antibodies. In the blood 71 +/- 4.3% of the lymphocytes were rosette forming cells and 23.3 +/- 3.8% B lymphocytes. In the spleen 49.8 +/- 3.6% were T and 53.3 +/- 2.1% were B lymphocytes. In three spleens the mean number of OKT3+ lymphocytes were 27.6 +/- 7.0% OKT4+ 8.6 +/- 1.4% and OKT8+ 13.7 +/- 2.2%. The ratio of T helper to T suppressor lymphocytes was 0.67 for the spleen and 1.7 for the blood. The lymphocytes released from the perfused spleen showed a similar distribution pattern of surface markers to that of the splenic subpopulations. PMID- 6225581 TI - Surface Lyt phenotype of suppressor cells in C57BL/6 mice infected with Mycobacterium lepraemurium. AB - C57BL/6 were infected intravenously with 10(7) Mycobacterium lepraemurium (MLM). At increasing time intervals after infection different isolated splenic cell subpopulations were tested for their ability to suppress the mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) of normal syngeneic mouse splenocytes. During the first 6 months after infection neither T depleted nor plastic adherent spleen cells from infected mice exerted a suppressive activity on the normal mouse allogeneic proliferative response. Conversely, splenic T cells from MLM infected mice exhibited suppressive activity as early as 2 months after infection. Attempts to characterize the Lyt phenotype of splenic suppressor T cells from 6 months infected mice showed that both Lyt 1+ 2- and Lyt 2+ enriched cell subsets possessed the ability to suppress the MLR of the normal mouse spleen cells and Lyt 1+ 2- T cells were shown to be more efficient suppressors than Lyt 2+ cells. PMID- 6225580 TI - Anti-lymphocyte antibodies in lethal mouse malaria. II. Induction of an autoantibody specific suppressor T cell by non-lethal P. yoelii. AB - The anti-lymphocyte autoantibody response to irradiated lethal Plasmodium berghei malaria parasites in normal mice was significantly reduced when recipients were pre-treated with splenic T cells from mice recovered from a non-lethal Plasmodium yoelii infection. Suppression was specific for the autoantibody and did not affect the antibody response to the parasite. Experiments involving sequential P. yoelii-P. berghei infections in situ revealed that recovery from P. berghei was possible when the interval between the two infections was 14 days or more. This ability to recover from P. berghei correlated with a progressive reduction of anti-lymphocyte autoantibody suggesting a useful role for the suppressor cell. The possible link between suppressor cells and anti-lymphocyte autoantibodies in malaria is discussed. PMID- 6225582 TI - Effect of rheumatoid factors and normal human sera on immune complex-Fc gamma R interaction. AB - The results of this study demonstrate that inhibition of antibody-dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) by ovalbumin (OA)-IgG anti-OA immune complexes (IC) can be affected by rheumatoid factors (RF). Thus, pre-incubation of IC with IgM RF reduced the blocking effect of IC on IgG-Fc receptors (FC gamma R) measured by ADCC activity. However, the opposite effect could be observed when IgM RF was added after IC-Fc gamma R interaction. IgG RF did not modify these interactions significantly. In a previous report it was demonstrated that normal human sera (NHS) lead to recovery of the ADCC activity of PBMC that had been previously blocked by IC. IgM RF enhanced the recovery of ADCC by NHS, while IgG RF did not alter, or slightly decreased the ability of NHS to restore ADCC. These effects correlated with the different capacities of RF to activate complement (C). The results obtained show a new effect of RF on the regulation of immune mechanisms. PMID- 6225583 TI - Effect of colchicine on immunoregulatory abnormalities in familial Mediterranean fever. AB - The effect of colchicine on immunoregulatory T lymphocytes in children with familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) was studied. Concanavalin A (Con A)-induced suppressor cell function was significantly (P less than 0.0001) decreased in five untreated FMF patients (15 +/- 3%, mean +/- s.e.) as compared to six age matched paediatric controls (46 +/- 3%) and eight healthy adults (49 +/- 4%). When the five untreated FMF patients' mononuclear cells were pre-incubated in vitro with Con A plus 10(-5) M colchicine, their suppressor cell function was significantly increased (52 +/- 10%, P less than 0.01). Similarly, oral colchicine treatment (0.5 mg twice daily) significantly (P = 0.02) increased the five FMF patients' Con A-induced suppressor cell function to levels (34 +/- 6%) that were not significantly (P greater than 0.05) different than the paediatric controls or the healthy adults. The percentage of OKT8+ cells (but not OKT3+ or OKT4+ cells) was significantly (P less than 0.0001) decreased in 10 untreated FMF patients (16.0 +/- 0.9) as compared to 10 paediatric controls (27.6 +/- 2) or 10 healthy adults (25.7 +/- 0.6). The 10 untreated FMF patients had a significant (P less than 0.002) increase in the OKT4/OKT8 ratio (2.41 +/- 0.13) as compared to 10 FMF patients treated with 0.5 mg twice daily of colchicine (1.81 +/- 0.08), 10 pediatric controls (1.47 +/- 0.2), or 10 healthy adults (1.78 +/- 0.11). Colchicine appears to have corrected the FMF patients' elevated OKT4/OKT8 ratio by both decreasing the percentage of OKT4+ cells and increasing (but only partially correcting) the percentage of OKT8+ cells. Thus FMF patients have a suppressor cell deficiency in which colchicine treatment corrects their deficiency of Con A-induced suppressor cell function and their elevated OKT4/OKT8 ratio. This raises the possibility that colchicine might be potentially useful as an immunomodulating drug in treating patients with autoimmune or allergic diseases associated with a suppressor cell deficiency. PMID- 6225584 TI - Induction of suppressor cell activities in normal lymphocytes by sera from gastric cancer patients. AB - Inductions of suppressor cell activities in normal lymphocytes by sera from 154 patients with primary gastric cancer were investigated. Sera from patients with advanced cancer induced suppressor cells which significantly depressed the proliferative responses of autologous responder lymphocytes, while those from early cancer did not. An increase in OKT8 reactive T cell populations in normal lymphocytes occurred rather than a decrease in OKT4 reactive T cells after stimulation with sera as well as concanavalin A in relation to the increase of suppressor cell activities. Furthermore, sera-induced suppressor cell activities apparently correlated with spontaneous suppressor cell activities in cancer donors and both of these activities declined after plasma exchange. These results suggest that sera from gastric cancer patients may contain factors which can induce such suppressor cell activities and that serum factors may activate the suppressor precursors to be spontaneous suppressor cells in vivo in a manner similar to that seen in vitro. PMID- 6225585 TI - Immunological studies in patients with isolated growth hormone deficiency. AB - The proportion of total T cells, OKT4+ (helper/inducer phenotype) T cells and activated T cells (Tac+) in four growth hormone deficient children were compared to simultaneously studied age and sex matched healthy controls. Proportions of OKT8+ T cells (suppressor/cytotoxic phenotype), and B lymphocytes (surface immunoglobulin positive) were increased when compared to healthy controls. Increased proportion of OKT8+ T cells resulted in abnormally low ratios of OKT4+/OKT8+ cells. Proliferative response to PHA and in the AMLR were comparable to the control group. In allogeneic MLR, T cells from three of four patients responded poorly and three of four patients non-T cells stimulated poorly in MLR. Con A activated suppressor cell activity was comparable to healthy control group. This study supports the role of growth hormone in certain immune response. PMID- 6225587 TI - Echocardiographic evaluation of cardiac size and function in dialysis patients. AB - M-mode echocardiography was performed on 43 maintenance hemodialysis patients and 3 patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). Only seven patients had completely normal echocardiograms. Nine patients (20%) had pericardial effusions and 20 patients (44%) had left ventricular dilatation. Left ventricular hypertrophy was present in 26 patients (57%): in 18 patients this took the form of concentric hypertrophy and in 8 patients there was asymmetric septal hypertrophy. Left ventricular function was depressed in 12 patients (27%). Left ventricular dilatation was more common in patients with multiple vascular accesses, who also tended to have lower hematocrit values. Left ventricular hypertrophy tended to be more common in patients with prolonged hypertension and with excessive inter-dialytic weight gains. Younger patients and those who had been on dialysis for a longer period had less cardiac abnormalities, suggesting that chronic dialysis might reverse these changes. Echocardiography was more sensitive than chest X-ray and ECG in detecting clinically unsuspected abnormalities and provides useful information in the overall evaluation of maintenance dialysis patients. PMID- 6225586 TI - Maternal cell-mediated immunity in pregnancy--lymphocyte responses of mothers and their non-pregnant HLA identical sisters to paternal HLA. AB - The mixed lymphocyte reactions (MLR) of normal pregnant women and their non pregnant HLA identical sisters have been compared, using paternal and unrelated lymphocytes as stimulator cells. Primary and secondary responses were differentiated by studying 7 day MLR time courses. All responses were of a primary nature, with neither stimulation nor suppression of the maternal MLR. These data clearly demonstrate the absence of maternal cellular sensitization to fetal (paternal) HLA. PMID- 6225588 TI - Immunological functions of the spleen. PMID- 6225589 TI - Early and late morphologic changes in human coronary arteries after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. AB - Certain clinical and morphologic observations are described in 6 men who had percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) of the left anterior descending (LAD) or right (R) coronary artery early (4 hours to 7 days) or late (80, 90, and 150 days) before coronary endarterectomy and aortocoronary bypass grafting or death. Histologically, each of the 3 early patients had the site of PTCA narrowed 76-95% in cross-sectional area by atherosclerotic plaque, and each had either coronary dissection or plaque hematoma or both at the site of PTCA. Each of the 3 late patients had a decrease in the mean trans-stenotic coronary gradient (17, 38, and 43 mmHg, respectively) and an angiographic increase in the LAD luminal diameter (55, 60, and 65%, respectively) at the time of PTCA. At necropsy, 80, 90, and 150 days later, the LAD coronary artery in the area of the PTCA in each patient was narrowed 76-95% in cross-sectional area by plaques. No cracks in plaques or other lesions which may have resulted from the PTCA procedure were identified histologically in the LAD coronary artery of any late patient. PMID- 6225590 TI - Classification of human breast cysts according to electrolyte and androgen conjugate composition. AB - One hundred human breast cyst fluids have been analysed for sodium (Na+), potassium (K+) and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHA) sulphate. Concentrations varied greatly between individual cyst fluids, Na+ from 20 to 185 mmol/l, K+ from 5 to 160 mmol/l and DHA-sulphate from 1.5 to 87 mumol/l. Analysis of the inter relationships between Na+, K+ and DHA sulphate revealed two major sub-populations of cyst fluids--one group in which Na+ levels were markedly in excess of K+ and DHA sulphate concentrations were low and the other in which K+ was the predominant cation and DHA sulphate concentrations were high. PMID- 6225591 TI - Back school. An overview with specific reference to the Canadian Back Education Units. AB - The Canadian Back Education Units (CBEU) in a review of 6418 participants found a significant subjective improvement in 69% of the participants. This figure improved to 80% when only patients who experienced back pain for six months or less were considered. Ninety-seven percent of the participants considered the back education program helpful. Patients who had completed their high school education, who believed that they understood the mechanism of the pain, and who recognized an emotional component to the problem had the best results. Functional improvement was most pronounced in the activities most often performed. Patients with pain persistently radiating below the knee and patients receiving workmen's compensation did not fare as well. Using a computer analysis of the variation in test scores from pretest to the review class, a statistically valid positive correlation was established between the patient's subjective improvement and the amount of information retained. The CBEU are an efficient, effective, well received, and cost-effective therapeutic modality in the conservative treatment of chronic low back pain. PMID- 6225592 TI - Back schools. Past, present, and future. AB - Back schools are playing an ever increasing role in the nonsurgical management of patients with low back pain. With different studies reporting that from 50% to 85% of adults seek medical attention for low back pain, there is a need for increasingly effective treatment and rehabilitative programs. The multiple factors that determine a patient's symptom complex are ill defined. The commonly applied therapeutic approaches are not well understood and have been difficult to evaluate. Back schools appear to be empirically effective but are still being critically evaluated. PMID- 6225593 TI - The role of physical agents in the treatment of spine pain. AB - Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) and electroacupuncture are effective agents in the management of spine pain. Ultrasound and shortwave therapy are often used, but the demonstrated effectiveness of these physical agents in the treatment of spine pain is questionable. Pain relief is the major reason for the use of physical agents. As the pain is controlled, the patient is better able to carry out a home program, tolerate traction, or relax sufficiently to allow mobilization of the spine. Physical agents alone have no long-range value. PMID- 6225594 TI - Is there a role for exercise in the treatment of patients with low back pain? AB - A paucity of information exists concerning the exact role of exercise in the management of low back pain. Few controlled clinical studies exist, and the selection of an exercise program is often relegated to traditional or empiric regimens. Aerobic conditioning exercises appear to offer the greatest benefit for all types of patients with back problems, although the value of these exercises is often overstated. Indirect evidence can be found for strengthening exercises that treat physical incapacity. No information is available to substantiate effects on pain relief. Comprehensive electromyographic studies, biomechanical analyses, and controlled clinical studies are needed to validate the role of exercises in the treatment of patients with back pain. PMID- 6225595 TI - Analysis of current approaches and a practical guide to prescription of exercise. AB - Based on current information, aerobic exercises offer the greatest benefit to patients with back pain. Evidence supports the use of abdominal and extension exercises in a selected group of patients, but indications are limited, as are the useful types of exercises in both of these approaches. No support exists for the use of preprinted handouts, which assume that every patient with back pain, regardless of clinical presentation, requires the same six or eight exercises. Rather, selectivity of exercises based on a thorough clinical evaluation is recommended. Use of a specific exercise should be governed by the sound scientific principles presented in this paper. Many other types of therapeutic exercises not mentioned in the present paper are currently utilized in the care of patients with back pain. PMID- 6225596 TI - Spinal manipulative therapy. AB - Spinal manipulative therapy is growing in popularity and acceptance, as judged by the increasing number of practitioners in physical therapy and medicine and by the results of clinical trials. Manipulation is the skilled, gentle, passive movement of a joint (or spinal segment) either within or beyond its active range of motion. This definition is broad enough to encompass a great variety of techniques, ranging from the more traditional thrust to oscillation and distraction. Manipulation is rendered effective by a combination of mechanical, neurophysiologic, and biomechanical mechanisms. PMID- 6225597 TI - Spinal manipulative therapy. A status report. AB - Spinal manipulative therapy is one of the most commonly used treatments for patients with low back pain. It is both a manual diagnostic and a treatment method. Manual diagnosis includes the palpation of vertebral position, vertebral motion, joint play, end feel, soft tissue texture changes, and muscle contracture. Manipulative treatment can be divided into seven categories: long lever, nonspecific manipulation; specific, short-lever high-velocity spinal adjustments; active or functional manipulation; mobilization; manual traction; soft tissue massage; and point pressure manipulation. Clinical experience with manipulation for low back pain is extensive, and controlled observations show that it is possible to produce immediate relief of pain in some cases. The effectiveness of manipulation is greatest in patients who have acute pain and no leg pain or neurologic deficits. Long-term effects of manipulation have not been demonstrated. Manipulation appears to increase spinal range of motion and straight leg raising but is not known to reduce intervertebral disc herniations. Complications following manipulation, although rare, can be catastrophic. PMID- 6225598 TI - Chronic low back pain. The team approach. AB - The interdisciplinary team approach is an effective and rational program for the management of patients who have chronic low back pain. PMID- 6225599 TI - Work for all. For those with low back pain as well. AB - The problem of low back pain is enormous in all industrialized societies. Attempts to decrease its impact by different educational, ergonomic, or treatment methods have generally failed. The deleterious effects of long-term absence from activity and work are well known. New information is available regarding the healing time and properties of possibly diseased tissues and the actual loads on the lower back in various positions of activity and work; data are also available regarding the perception of pain, both acute and chronic, and how it can be affected by muscle activity. This new information may well serve as a basis for a new type of treatment for back pain--early, gradual, biomechanically controlled return to activity and work for the 80% of patients with back pain in whom no objective cause for the pain can be found after a thorough examination. PMID- 6225600 TI - Focal bone tracer uptake associated with a herniation pit of the femoral neck. AB - The herniation pit of the femoral neck is a common radiographic lesion whose pathogenesis has been described by Pitt et al and reported as negative on bone scanning. This case report demonstrates increased uptake of Tc-99m MDP in a herniation pit of the femoral neck. PMID- 6225601 TI - Failure of femoral shafts to accumulate Tc-99m MDP in lymphedema praecox. PMID- 6225602 TI - Absent sternum on bone scan. PMID- 6225603 TI - Laparoscopy in the management of patients with ovarian carcinoma. AB - Since operative evaluations of patients undergoing therapy for ovarian cancer are necessary, the laparoscope will continue to play a role in the management of these patients. However, the sensitivity of the laparoscope for detecting disease either prior to or at the completion of chemotherapy is significantly less than that of laparotomy, and therefore its utility must be more narrowly defined. The morbidity of laparoscopy is low when performed correctly and utilizing techniques to avoid bowel perforation. Most patients require only a brief hospitalization, and those who cannot medically tolerate an extensive laparotomy might be able to undergo a laparoscopy. The major limitations of laparoscopy are the inability to adequately inspect the peritoneal cavity and pelvis in at least one-quarter of patients because of extensive adhesions, to assess retroperitoneal lymph nodes in all patients, and to resect tumour masses necessary to cytoreduce the tumour prior to therapy. The successful performance of interval laparoscopy, however, is predictive of survival and can select a group of patients whose likelihood of recurrence is relatively low (30 per cent) after more than three years. The observation that the majority of patients who have a negative laparoscopy following six months of chemotherapy remain free of disease for several years, suggests that sensitive tumours are most likely to respond during the initial courses of chemotherapy, and that consideration should be given to briefer and more intensive courses of therapy prior to operative evaluation of the patients. PMID- 6225604 TI - Gastroschisis: a report of the smallest survivor. PMID- 6225605 TI - Comparison of portable CdTe(Cl) detectors with stationary NaI(Tl) detectors for subcutaneous 133Xe disappearance measurements. AB - 133Xe washout measurements from locally injected depots in the subcutaneous tissue of the thigh have been performed intermittently by a NaI(Tl) detector placed 15 cm from the depot and a cadmium telluride [CdTe(Cl)] detector fixed to the skin surface above the depot. In 19 experiments, the measurements were performed during rest, before and after bicycling and during circulatory arrest during an occlusion cuff pressure of 240-250 mmHg. The disappearance rates measured by the two detector systems showed a linear correlation (r = 0.934, P less than 0.001). However, the rate constants measured by the CdTe(Cl) detector were an average of 1.48 times the values obtained by the NaI(Tl) detector during a period of 1-4 h after the injection. The coefficient of variation of the proportionality factor is 3.3%. Only the central part of the local depot area is exposed to the CdTe(Cl) detector. Using the NaI(Tl) detector and lead shielding of the peripheral or central part of the depot area, it was demonstrated that the disappearance rates obtained reflect the measuring geometries. The correction itself is therefore due to differences in the measuring geometries of the two detector types, and possibly to diffusion and convection of xenon. For quantitative determination of the subcutaneous blood flow, the disappearance rate constants determined by the CdTe(Cl) detector thus have to be corrected by division with the factor 1.48. PMID- 6225606 TI - [Therapeutic effects of an alpha-blocker in chronic organic and functional arteriopathy of the limbs]. PMID- 6225607 TI - Allergic contact eczema to phenylephrine. AB - A female patient developed periorbital eczema and conjunctivitis prior to cataract surgery. Investigations revealed an allergic contact eczema to phenylephrine hydrochloride 10% eyedrops being used preoperatively for mydriasis. PMID- 6225608 TI - Fungicide-induced contact dermatitis. AB - Tetrachloroisophthalonitrile (TCPN) is an agricultural and horticultural fungicide used in many parts of the world. In Northern Europe it is also used as a wood preservative. The substance has well-known toxic properties through skin contact, and has recently been reported as inducing allergic contact dermatitis. We report an epidemic of contact dermatitis in a Norwegian wooden-ware factory, which we attribute to TCPN. 14 out of 20 workers had skin complaints which were work related. Half of these cases were shown to be of allergic origin. The toxic and allergic properties of TCPN render this compound unsuitable for use in the wooden-ware industry. A re-evaluation of its use in agriculture and horticulture seems appropriate. PMID- 6225609 TI - Allergic contact dermatitis from an organic di-isocyanate. AB - Organic di-isocyanates are used widely in industry. The concomitant respiratory complications are well-known. Cutaneous problems precipitated by skin contact with these chemicals are less well recognised. Allergic contact dermatitis caused by exposure to di-cyclohexylmethane 4,4'-di-isocyanate has been demonstrated in a factory where it was used to form a surface-coating polyurethane. Attention to hygiene methods may have reduced the incidence of cases. PMID- 6225610 TI - Patch testing with substances not included in the standard series. AB - During a 5-year period, 3664 consecutive patients were patch tested in a private dermatology practice with the Standard Series of the International Contact Dermatitis Research Group (ICDRG). 454 of these were tested with one or more additional substances which were suspected of having caused their dermatitis. 194 of the 454 patients had positive reactions to one or more of the additional substances. Most of these reactions were of current relevance, and in only 25% of the patients could the allergies have been predicted by the use of the Standard Series alone. In approximately 50% of the patients, the reactions to additional substances could be traced to occupational sources. PMID- 6225611 TI - Allergic contact dermatitis from artichoke, Cynara scolymus. PMID- 6225612 TI - Allergic contact dermatitis to epichlorhydrin in a solvent cement. PMID- 6225613 TI - Simultaneous hypersensitivity to clobetasone butyrate and clobetasol propionate. PMID- 6225614 TI - Contact allergy to dicyclohexyl-carbodiimide. PMID- 6225616 TI - Nitroglycerine sensitivity. PMID- 6225615 TI - Allergic contact urticaria due to chloramine. PMID- 6225617 TI - Tyrophagus eruption from cardboard. PMID- 6225618 TI - Allergic contact dermatitis from a colour film process chemical (PBA1). PMID- 6225619 TI - Tylosin dermatitis. PMID- 6225620 TI - Allergic contact dermatitis from newsprint paper. PMID- 6225621 TI - Contact sensitivity to betamethasone 17-valerate and fluocinolone acetonide. PMID- 6225623 TI - Administration of agonistic and antagonistic analogues of LH-RH induce anovulation in Macaca fasicularis. AB - This study was designed to compare the effects of [N-Ac-D-Trp1,3, D-p-Cl-Phe2, D Phe6, D-Ala10] (A-LH-RH), an inhibitory analogue, and D-Trp6-LH-RH, an agonist of LH-RH, administered to normally cycling cynomologous monkeys. Animals were divided into three groups (n = 5 each), each group receiving one of the following daily during the first 25 days of the menstrual cycle: 1) 20 micrograms of D-Trp6 LH-RH daily, 2) 1 mg of A-LH-RH, and 3) vehicle. Ovulation was established by serial laparoscopies and serum estradiol measurement. Controls presented normal cycles, as evidenced by ovulation day, luteal phase length and hormone levels. Ovulation was completely inhibited during drug administration in all animals of groups 1 and 2. Luteal phase length of all monkeys that ovulated was normal. The present data, therefore, not only show evidence for a consistent anovulatory effect of agonistic and antagonistic analogues of LH-RH in non-human primates, but also open a new approach for non-steroidal contraception. PMID- 6225622 TI - Plasma hormone levels in women receiving new oral contraceptives containing ethinyl estradiol plus levonorgestrel or desogestrel. AB - The changes in plasma hormone levels were evaluated in matched healthy female volunteers investigated before and after 6 months' use of three new oral contraceptives (OCs): TrigynonR (n = 13), a triphasic OC containing low doses of ethinylestradiol (EE) + levonorgestrel (LNg); MarvelonR (n = 14), a monophasic OC containing low doses of EE + desogestrel (DOG, a new progestogen derived from LNg); and OvidolR (n = 10), a sequential OC containing higher doses (50 micrograms) of EE + DOG. Serum levels of FSH, LH, estradiol and progesterone were decreased in all cases to levels incompatible with ovulation. Prolactin concentrations were unchanged. Sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) and Transcortin (CBG) levels were significantly increased by all three OCs (Ovidol greater than Marvelon greater than Trigynon); free testosterone levels decreased significantly while free cortisol concentrations remained unchanged. Collectively, these data indicate that (a) all three OCs are effective ovulation inhibitors, (b) Ovidol and Marvelon have greater estrogenic effects than Trigynon, (c) LNg is more effective than DOG in reducing the EE-induced increase in SHBG levels, and (d) free testosterone levels are equally well suppressed by all three Ocs. PMID- 6225624 TI - Prediction of blood flow in and viability of ischemic small bowel: fluorescein perfusion versus radiolabeled microspheres. PMID- 6225626 TI - Seborrheic keratosis and papillomatosis: markers of breast adenocarcinoma. AB - Seborrheic keratosis (Leser-Trelat sign) and extensive florid papillomatosis of the skin and the mucous membranes of the nose, mouth, throat, and external genitalia were associated with adenocarcinoma of the breast in a 61-year-old woman. PMID- 6225625 TI - Allergic reactions to topical corticosteroids or their vehicles. PMID- 6225627 TI - Topical treatment of acne rosacea with benzoyl peroxide acetone gel. AB - A group of patients with acne rosacea was treated with 5 percent benzoyl peroxide acetone gel for four weeks and then with 10 percent benzoyl peroxide acetone gel for an additional four weeks. A parallel group of patients was treated with a matching placebo (acetone gel vehicle). At the end of the first four weeks of treatment the dropout rate due to lack of improvement was 23 and 63 percent for benzoyl peroxide acetone gel and placebo, respectively. Benzoyl peroxide acetone gel was superior to placebo with respect to improvement in the overall severity of the lesions when judged by photographs, and by reduction of erythema, papules, and pustules. Results after treatment with benzoyl peroxide acetone gel were better during weeks five to eight than during weeks one to four for all lesions except telangiectasia. Benzoyl peroxide acetone gel was superior to placebo when the overall responses were compared. In addition, the benzoyl peroxide acetone gel-treated group, but not the placebo-treated group, showed a significantly better response during weeks five to eight compared to weeks one to four. PMID- 6225628 TI - Unexplained severe pulmonary hypertension in the older age group. AB - Two cases of unexplained severe pulmonary hypertension were seen in the older age group. Although classified as primary pulmonary hypertension, the clinical course of these patients was very unusual because of their age and relatively long duration of diseases. The long period of follow-up allowed assessment of both the difficulties of making a definite diagnosis of primary pulmonary hypertension in the older age group and the noninvasive methods which were particularly helpful. Making the diagnosis of primary pulmonary hypertension in the older age group is important because there are now drugs which can ameliorate the severity of pulmonary hypertension. PMID- 6225629 TI - Inhibition of T and B lymphoblastic response by mithramycin, dacarbazine, prospidium chloride and peptichemio. AB - Four different cytostatic compounds (prospidium chloride, peptichemio, dacarbazine and mithramycin) have been assayed for their effect on lymphoblastic transformation of spleen cells from mice. The drugs did not affect cell viability at concentrations lower than 0.1-0.2 micrograms/ml (peptichemio and mithramycin) or than 10-20 micrometers/ml (prospidium chloride and dacarbazine). Except for peptichemio, which did not show any marked effect, these cytostatics acted more actively on B cells than on T cells at concentrations of drug not affecting lymphocyte viability. Mithramycin was the most active inhibitor of the mitogen induced DNA synthesis in the cell. Concentrations of this drug to inhibit the blastogenic response to 50% (IC50) were lower than 0.1 microgram/ml. Inhibition of mitogenesis was less pronounced in the case of dacarbazine (IC50 = 50 and 10 micrograms/ml for T and B cells, respectively), prospidium chloride (IC50 greater than 50 and 50 micrograms/ml for T and B cells) and peptichemio (IC50 = 0.25 and 0.5 microgram/ml for T and B cells, respectively. PMID- 6225630 TI - Misleading 67Ga uptake and serial bone scintigraphy in osteoid osteoma. AB - 5 consecutive patients with osteoid osteoma were examined with bone scintigraphy and 67Ga scintigraphy. In 2 cases a 'three-phase' bone scintigraphy was performed. Scintigraphic features included obvious 67Ga uptake and diffusely increased accumulation on blood pool images. Thus, osteoid osteoma may possess the same scintigraphic characteristics as osteomyelitis. PMID- 6225631 TI - Multiple-view scintigraphy for localization of osteoid osteoma. AB - A circumscript accumulation of 99mTc-MDP in the spine of a patient, presenting with back pain and negative radiographs, was histologically confirmed to be an osteoid osteoma. As radiological procedures failed to localize the lesion, this was accomplished by means of posterior and lateral view bone scintigrams as well as by single photon emission tomography. The role of scintigraphy in patients suspected of having osteoid osteoma and the possibility of localizing the lesion before and during surgical intervention are underlined. PMID- 6225632 TI - [Technic of parietal retention using Maconor plates. Study of 4 years' of use at the Principal Hospital of Dakar]. PMID- 6225633 TI - Rash due to erythromycin. PMID- 6225634 TI - Carbamazepine-induced thrombocytopenia, rash, and hepatic dysfunction. AB - Carbamazepine is an anticonvulsant agent that has been found clinically useful in the treatment of refractory seizure disorders. Its mechanism of action is not well understood. The drug also has been associated with several serious side effects. These include bone marrow suppression, liver and renal dysfunction, water intoxication, and ocular lens opacities. A 33-year-old white female developed elevated liver enzymes, a rash, and thrombocytopenia following the short-term use of carbamazepine for temporal lobe seizures. All of these findings are consistent with literature reports. Other etiologic factors also are discussed. This case is presented to illustrate the importance of monitoring blood counts and liver function tests when carbamazepine is part of a particular treatment regimen. Clinicians must be aware that a variety of hematological disorders can occur with this drug. Liver dysfunction is usually first noted, with an elevation of liver function tests. When thrombocytopenia is noted, prompt withdrawal of the drug is required. The platelet count should return to normal within a few days. PMID- 6225635 TI - [Androgen excess in acne conglobata?]. PMID- 6225636 TI - [Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of the lower extremities in the elderly]. AB - Results of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) for peripheral arterial occlusion were compared between a group of 41 patients aged over 60 years and one of 39 patients under 60 years. In the older patients the proportion of those in a decompensated state was 61%, more than double that in the younger ones. 54% of the older patients were diabetics with a poor peripheral vascular outflow bed; conservative treatment failed in them and surgical intervention was not possible. A primary success rate of PTA was 87% in the older patients, no worse than in the younger ones. Long-term follow up of both groups indicated that PTA in the compensated stage achieved prolongation of pain-free walking distance or absence of symptoms in 74%. Threatened leg amputation could be avoided in 80% of the younger and 60% of the older patients. Limited amputation was performed in 20% of the older patients with decompensated vascular disorders. The most frequent complication of PTA was embolization into the small vessels of the lower leg, in nearly 30% of patients. But only once did this worsen the clinical state, and this was transitory. PMID- 6225637 TI - [Septic sacroiliitis]. PMID- 6225638 TI - [Allergic reactions to dental materials]. PMID- 6225639 TI - [Caries and gingivitis prevention in handicapped children and adolescents. I. Results of an initial examination]. PMID- 6225640 TI - Age-related changes in activities of hepatic phosphofructokinase, pyruvate kinase and pyruvate dehydrogenase in liver and adipose tissue of the swiss albino mouse. AB - The activities of phosphofructokinase, pyruvate kinase and pyruvate dehydrogenase were examined in liver as a function of age in Swiss albino mice. The hepatic activity of phosphofructokinase and total pyruvate dehydrogenase peaked in mice between 8 and 12 weeks of age and then decreased to a value that remained stable in mature animals older than 24 weeks of age. Yet, the activity of pyruvate kinase and pyruvate dehydrogenase in the active form in liver remained unchanged in mice up to 12 weeks of age. As mice matured, a progressive increase in the activity of both pyruvate kinase and the active form of pyruvate dehydrogenase in liver was observed while phosphofructokinase was unaltered. The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, both total activity and the proportion of the enzyme in the active form, in the epididymal fat pad of the mouse showed no consistent age trend. The observed increase in the activity of both pyruvate kinase and the active form of pyruvate dehydrogenase should provide an augmented capacity for the generation of acetyl-CoA units for de novo fatty acid synthesis in livers of mature mice. PMID- 6225641 TI - Detection of conformational changes in chloroplast coupling factor 1 by 8-anilino 1-naphthalene-sulphonate fluorescence changes. AB - Chloroplast coupling factor 1 (CF1) contains a high-affinity binding site for 8 anilino-1-napthalene sulphonate (ANS,Kd = 5-6 microM). The binding of ANS to the enzyme is associated with a fluorescence enhancement and a blue-shift in the emission spectrum. ANS only slightly inhibits ATP hydrolysis by CF1. Adenine nucleotides and inorganic phosphate induce a fast ANS fluorescence quenching of about 50% which is due to a decrease in the affinity of the enzyme for ANS (Kd increases from 6 microM to 22 microM) and in the fluorescence quantum yield of the bound probe (by 33%) but not in the number of ANS sites (n = 1). Conversely, Mg and Ca ions induce a fluorescence enhancement of bound ANS. Inactivation of the enzyme enhances ANS fluorescence, eliminates the response to adenine nucleotides and inorganic phosphate but increases the response to divalent metals. The affinity of latent CF1 for ADP (Kd = 12 microM) is considerably higher than for ATP (Kd = 95 microM) in buffer containing EDTA. The Kd for inorganic phosphate is 140 microM. Mg increases the apparent affinity for ATP (Kd = 28 microM) but not for ADP or Pi. Binding of ATP to the tight-sites does not inhibit the ADP or Pi-induced fluorescence quenching but decreases the affinity for ADP (Kd = 34 microM) and for inorganic phosphate (Kd = 320 microM). These results suggest that the ADP and phosphate binding sites are different but not independent from the tight sites. Activation of a Mg-specific ATPase in CF1 by octyl glucoside decreases the affinity for ADP and inorganic phosphate by about threefold but increases the affinity for ATP. ATPase activation of CF1 also increases the Ki for ADP inhibition of ATP hydrolysis. ATPase activation also influences the ANS responses to Ca and Mg. Ca-ATPase activation increases the fluorescence enhancement and the apparent affinity for Ca whereas Mg-ATPase activation specifically increases the Mg-induced fluorescence enhancement. The fluorescence of CF1-bound ANS is enhanced by Dio-9 and quenched by phloridzin, quercetin, Nbf-Cl and FITC. Nbf-Cl and FITC completely inhibit the ADP-induced fluorescence quenching whereas Dio-9 inhibits the Mg-induced fluorescence enhancement. ANS does not relieve the quercetin or phloridzin inhibition of ATP hydrolysis indicating that these inhibitors do not compete with ANS for a common binding site. ANS may be used, therefore, as a sensitive probe to detect conformational changes in CF1 in response to activation or inactivation and to binding of substrates and of inhibitors. PMID- 6225642 TI - Familial endemic persistent atrial standstill in a small mountain community: review of eight cases. AB - Familial persistent atrial standstill (PAS) has been rarely documented. Five patients, three male and two female (mean age 46 years at first observation), with familial 'complete' PAS, all from a small mountain community (900 residents) have been studied. Diagnostic criteria were: absence of P wave in any lead of the standard electrocardiogram; no electrical activity of the atria with extremely slow junctional escape rhythm on the endocavitary recordings; lack of atrial excitability; absence of atrial wall movement at fluoroscopy; no mitral A wave on the echocardiogram. All patients had marked cardiac enlargement primarily due to atrial enlargement and all had impaired functional class. Some had bradycardia for many years but none had syncope. Permanent cardiac pacing was carried out in all. Two had cerebral embolism. In the same community there were three patients, one male and two female (mean age 34 years at first observation), with 'partial' atrial standstill characterized by absence of P waves in any lead of the standard electrocardiogram and by endocavitary recording of electrical activity limited to a localized region of the atrium. These three patients also had cardiac enlargement primarily due to atrial enlargement but to a lesser degree than the patients with complete PAS. One patient had cerebral embolism. The familial and endemic character of the disease is stressed. Cardiac enlargement due primarily to atrial enlargement seems to be a common feature of both the complete and partial form of the PAS syndrome. PMID- 6225643 TI - Calcium entry blockers: a review with an attempt at classification. PMID- 6225644 TI - Regional cardioplegia and cardioprotection during transluminal angioplasty, which role for nifedipine? PMID- 6225645 TI - A new model for coronary thrombosis in the pig: preliminary results with thrombolysis. AB - A new model for the electrical induction of coronary thrombosis in the pig is described. In 35 out of 47 experiments (74%) a 100% occluding thrombus developed. In 16 experiments (34%), at least one episode of coronary spasm occurred at the site of electrical stimulation. Flow in the region of the left ventricle supplied by the thrombosed coronary artery decreased from 1.04 +/- 0.21 to 0.09 +/- 0.04 ml/min/g tissue (mean +/- SD). Histological examination showed that the lesion caused by the electrical current occurred through the arterial wall and was quite discrete, measuring a few millimetres in length. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy revealed that the occlusions were caused by typical platelet thrombi. Lysis of the thrombi by the intracoronary administration of porcine plasmin was successful in 15 out of 19 animals (79%). Preliminary results show that thrombolysis after 40 min occlusion restores flow to nearly base-line values, but does not improve regional function in the first 3 h. PMID- 6225647 TI - Uptake of 99mTc-MDP by pseudomyxoma peritonei: a case report. AB - A patient with pseudomyxoma peritonei secondary to a mucin-secreting adenocarcinoma demonstrated striking, diffuse uptake of 99mTc-MDP throughout the abdomen. The radiopharmaceutical distribution accurately delineated the region of tumor involvement within the peritoneal cavity. PMID- 6225646 TI - Diagnosis of deep venous thrombosis by 99mTc-human serum albumin microcolloid. AB - 99mTc-human serum albumin microcolloid (HSAC) was evaluated for diagnosis of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) in the legs of 38 consecutive patients. Five and thirty minutes after IV injection, the 99mTc-HSAC activity in both legs was measured by external counting using a collimated NaI (T1)-detector. The relative predominance of 99mTc-HSAC activity in the diseased leg was calculated. Phlebography was performed as a control after the 99mTc-HSAC test. In our hands the non-invasive 99mTc-HSAC test appeared to be rapid, easy to perform and convenient to the patient. The test showed a high sensitivity (11/13) and a low specificity (10/20) compared with phlebography. No adverse reactions were found. The results seem promising and further studies are in progress to establish the value of the 99mTc HSAC test in screening for DVT. PMID- 6225648 TI - Idiotypic and fine specificity analysis of a (4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)acetyl (NP) specific suppressor T cell hybridoma at the level of cell surface structures, isolated receptor material and functional suppressor factor. AB - The (4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)acetyl (NP)-specific T suppressor cell hybridoma 7C3 13 was established by fusing splenic B10.BR T cells enriched on NP-coated petri dishes with the AKR thymoma BW5147. 7C3-13 was selected by anti-NPb idiotypic and anti-I-Jk antibodies in microcytotoxicity tests. The hybridoma expressed H-2k, I Jk, Qa-1, Thy-1.1 as well as idiotypic (binding site-related) and framework Ig VH determinants, while it was negative for I-A, I-E/C, Thy-1.2, Lyt-1, Lyt-2 and Ig constant region determinants. Hapten-binding receptor material could be isolated from 7C3-13 cells on NP-coupled nylon nets and functionally active T suppressor factor (TsF) could be extracted from the hybridoma. Both types of soluble molecules express NPb idiotype, but the TsF carries I-J determinants in addition while the isolated receptors do not. The molecular weight of the isolated receptor material is 80 000, that of the TsF activity is 27 000 and 57 000-64 000, respectively. We thus were able to show that NP-binding molecules can be obtained in the form of cellular surface receptors, isolated receptor material and extracted TsF from one and the same, monoclonal, cell source. PMID- 6225649 TI - Differential requirements for activation and growth of unprimed cytotoxic and helper T lymphocytes. AB - The requirements for activation and growth of T lymphocytes capable of mediating either cytolytic activity or help to B lymphocytes were studied in unprimed splenic T cell populations. The selectivity of expression of Lyt-2 antigens, the reactivity to soluble concanavalin A (Con A), to partially purified interleukin 2 (IL 2, T cell growth factor[s]) and to lectin-pulsed macrophages (M phi) were used in this analysis. Lectin-dependent cytotoxicity assays and a novel method that allows for the detection of all effector helper cells, regardless of their clonal specificities, were used for the functional identification of the responding T cells. The results show a marked contrast between cytolytic and helper T cells in their growth and activation requirements. Thus, while Lyt-2+ cytotoxic T lymphocyte precursors grow exponentially in IL 2 after a short pulse with soluble Con A in the absence of accessory cells, Lyt-2- helper cell precursors completely fail to proliferate under the same conditions and require the continuous presence of lectin-pulsed M phi for significant growth. Furthermore, addition of IL 2 to M phi-stimulated cultures of Lyt-2- cells has no effect. T cells which produce IL 2 have the same growth characteristics as helper cells. In both cases, effector helper functions could be expanded more than 10 fold on a per cell basis by a 5-day-culture period under those growth supporting conditions. The development of effector helper functions, however, was strongly inhibited by the presence of Lyt-2+ T cells. PMID- 6225650 TI - Demonstration of the stability of the membrane phenotype of T helper cells after priming and boosting with a hapten-carrier conjugate. AB - Evidence is presented that the phenotype of the rat T helper cells is stable after priming and boosting with a hapten-carrier conjugate and that the phenotype is W3/25+, MRC OX-22-, MRC OX-8-. Data are also presented that demonstrate the presence of doubly marked, W3/25+, MRC OX-8+, cells in the spleens of rats primed 1 week previously. PMID- 6225651 TI - SCH 23390 - the first selective dopamine D-1 antagonist. PMID- 6225652 TI - Increased number of high-affinity muscarinic receptors in rat heart after phenylhydrazine treatment. AB - The effect of phenylhydrazine-induced heart hypertrophy on muscarinic cholinergic binding sites was studied in heart membranes by determining total (with [3H]NMS) and high-affinity (with [3H]Oxo-M) binding sites and estimating low-affinity binding sites by difference. Phenylhydrazine induced an increased concentration of high-affinity binding sites without affecting the concentration of low affinity binding sites. The KD values for the ligands were unaffected. PMID- 6225653 TI - Neoplastic lesions in streptozotocin-treated rats. AB - Pathological examination was carried out on 16 male Sprague-Dawley rats received single i. v. injection of 60 mg/kg of streptozotocin (SZ) at 5 weeks of age and maintained for 22 months. Insulinoma (63%), renal adenoma (50%), hepatocellular tumor (69%), cholangioma (31%) and Leydig cell tumor (56%) were found in a high incidence, and therefore occurrence of these tumors was considered to be attributable to the treatment with SZ. In addition to these tumors, though in a low incidence, various such tumors as leukemia, reticulum cell sarcoma, mammary tumor and glioma were also found. PMID- 6225654 TI - Levels of filamentous and globular actin in Chinese hamster ovary cells throughout the cell cycle. AB - Synchronous Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells were obtained by mitotic selection and the levels of globular (G) actin, filamentous (F) actin, and cytoskeletal associated F-actin were determined as cells progressed through the cell cycle. Total actin levels remained quite constant when expressed as a percent of the total protein. An increase in F-actin occurred upon plating the mitotic cells, but this increase was shown to be a result of attachment to the substratum, since cells which remained attached during the second mitosis failed to show these changes. No large variation in the levels of either F-actin or cytoskeletal associated F-actin occurred throughout the cell cycle. Therefore, changes in the morphology of the CHO cells which are accompanied by a reorganization of actin containing microfilaments during the cell cycle are not accompanied by significant changes in the size of the monomeric actin pool. PMID- 6225655 TI - Actin polymerization and synthesis in cultured neurones. AB - The protein content of sympathetic neurones explanted from 10-11-day old chick embryos into culture medium containing nerve growth factor (NGF) increases steadily from about 100 to about 400 pg/cell in 7 days. Actin remains at close to 5% of the total protein during this period, but the proportion of unpolymerized actin falls. As measured by the inhibition of DNase I activity, rounded neurones without neurites contain 70 +/- 7% of their total actin in monomeric form, whereas cells in mature, neurite-bearing cultures contain 39 +/- 7%. When allowance is made for the increase in size of the neuronal cell bodies, the actin present in the neurites ('axons') alone is found to be almost entirely in filamentous form. Cultures exposed to radioactive leucine rapidly incorporate radioactivity into both sedimentable and non-sedimentable forms of actin. Actin specific activities in the two fractions--estimated after isolation of the actin on small DNase I--Sepharose affinity columns--are similar after labelling for less than 1 h. Direct incorporation of newly-synthesized actin into filaments is suggested from these results. Pulse-chase experiments show that non-sedimentable protein in cultured sympathetic neurones turns over more rapidly than sedimentable protein. However, this is not true for actin, which shows a similar specific activity in sedimentable and non-sedimentable forms--even after 6 days of cold chase. This anomalous behaviour is simply explained by an exchange of actin molecules between filamentous and non-filamentous forms. Control experiments indicate that exchange does not occur to this degree during preparation of subcellular fractions. It is consequently attributed to exchange processes in the living cell. PMID- 6225656 TI - Generation of CFUC suppressor T cells in vitro: VII. T derived colony inhibitory activity (Td/CIA) has no suppressor effect on in vitro immunoglobulin production. AB - T derived colony inhibitory activity (Td/CIA) was obtained from unstimulated T cells from aplastic anemia patients (SAA), or from PWM primed normal T cells. Td/CIA suppressed CFUC growth of normal allogeneic marrow to less than 30% of expected growth. Td/CIA was then added to normal peripheral blood T and B cells, primed with PWM, to test whether it would interfere with in vitro immunoglobulin (Ig) production. When Td/CIA from normal T cells was added to cultures of T + B cells + PWM there was a 2-2.1-fold increase in Ig production. Similarly the addition of Td/CIA from SAA patients also resulted in a 1.4 up to 166-fold increase in Ig production. These results indicate that either (a) the targets for Td/CIA are expressed on hemopoietic but not on T and B cells, or (b) that Td/CIA inactivates an accessory cell which is essential for CFUC growth but not for the PWM driven in vitro B cell differentiation system. PMID- 6225657 TI - Pathophysiology of the ciliary motility syndromes. AB - The ciliary motility syndromes are characterised by specific and genetically determined defects of cilia with resulting impairment of mucociliary defense mechanisms in the respiratory tract. The ciliary pathobiology, clinical observations, serial pulmonary function and chest radiographs are reviewed and correlated for a series of 33 patients with the ciliary motility syndromes, aged from 0.5 to 75 years. The clinical course and progressive nature of this disease emphasizes the importance of early and accurate diagnosis to prevent irreversible pulmonary damage. PMID- 6225658 TI - Kartagener's syndrome, ciliary defects and ciliary function. AB - The several genetically-determined structural defects of cilia that cause ineffective mucociliary clearance in Kartagener's syndrome and related diseases (for which the group name Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia is thought most appropriate) are compared with structural defects of flagella of mutant Chlamydomonas, about which biochemical information is also available. This comparison suggests that the effective activity of several or many genes may be essential for formation of each of the major components of the ciliary axoneme, and that Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia may result if a patient is homozygous for ineffective genes at any one of these gene loci. However, the mutants often appear to be "leaky", with incomplete effects; in addition, structural abnormalities of human cilia are relatively common in apparently normal individuals. The relationship of axonemal defects to disorientation of ciliary bases is questioned and the possibility is raised that such disorientation may result from morphogenetic disturbances through infection rather than from genetic origins. PMID- 6225659 TI - Blind quantitative electron microscopy of cilia from patients with primary ciliary dyskinesia and from normal subjects. AB - Cilia from the nasal cavity of 27 patients with congenital ciliary dyskinesia (immotile cilia syndrome) and of 15 normal persons were examined by transmission electron microscopy. The patients had on average a significantly higher number of cilia with absent or markedly reduced numbers of outer or inner dynein arms, of cilia with various types of abnormal configuration of the microtubules, except for compound cilia, and of cilia with an abnormally large variation of the beating axis. Compound cilia were equally frequent in patients and controls. The main structural defect in 9 patients was absent or abnormality low number of outer dynein arms in 4 in conjunction with an abnormally large axis variation and in 1 with a markedly reduced number of inner dynein arms also in 1 with supernumerous axonemal microtubules also. In 9 patients the main defects were abnormal configuration of the axonemal microtubules and a large axis variation. Seven of these had eccentrically located central pairs of microtubules and radial spoke defects, 5 in conjunction with abnormally low numbers of inner dynein arms. In one patient there were various types of abnormal configuration of the axonemal microtubules together with absent inner dynein arms, in another cilia with supernumerous microtubules only were present. The only abnormal finding in 1 patient was an extreme variation in the ciliary axes. Completely normal ciliary ultrastructure was found in 8 patients. PMID- 6225660 TI - Nasal cilia in normal man, primary ciliary dyskinesia and other respiratory diseases: analysis of motility and ultrastructure. AB - We studied the ultrastructure and function of nasal cilia from non-atopic and atopic non-smokers, smokers, patients with chronic rhinitis and cystic fibrosis, and compared these to cilia from patients with primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD). Atypical cilia were found in normal subjects and patients with a variety of chronic respiratory tract diseases, but the proportion was small (less than 5%). Ciliary wave form, beat frequency, and mucociliary transport were normal. In patients with PCD, the proportion of atypical cilia and ultrastructural abnormalities was significantly greater than normal subjects and patients without PCD p less than 0.0001. Beat frequency was reduced, ciliary wave form was grossly abnormal, and mucociliary transport was virtually absent. These findings suggest that ciliary ultrastructural abnormalities are related to altered ciliary function and have aetiological relevance in the generalized chronic respiratory tract disease of PCD. PMID- 6225661 TI - Screening for ciliary dyskinesia - a spectrum of defects of motility and structure. AB - Ciliary motility and ultrastructure were studied in cystic fibrosis, bronchiectasis and Kartagener's syndrome and normal control subjects. In cilia from patients with Kartagener's syndrome, beat frequency was slower and there were more microtubular abnormalities and fewer dynein arms than for each of the other groups. In Kartagener's syndrome, ciliary motility and outer dynein arm numbers were positively correlated and there was a wide variation in each. Cystic fibrosis ciliary beat frequency and ultrastructure were normal. PMID- 6225662 TI - Specific types of abnormal ciliary motility in Kartagener's syndrome and analogous respiratory disorders. A quantified microphoto-oscillographic investigation of 27 patients. AB - Twenty seven patients with clinical evidence of lack of mucociliary activity of cilia, which include Kartagener's syndrome and termed in recent years immotile cilia syndrome or primary ciliary dyskinesia, were studied by a newly developed microphoto oscillografic technique, to determine different qualities in the ciliary motility pattern in vitro. Abnormal ciliary motility was compared to the findings at transmission electron microscopy. The patients could be allocated to groups, characterized by different abnormalities in ultrastructure and function. One patient who lacked both inner and outer dynein arms, and had total ciliary immotility. Eight who only lacked outer dynein arms had a low beating frequency, reduced number of cells with motile cilia and ciliary asynchrony. Seven with microtubular disarrangement (spoke defect) had cilia which beat asynchroneously and with short, stiff strokes. Two patients had random orientation of ciliary axes and one supernumerous microtubules, all were characterized by slight ciliary asynchrony. Eight patients had normal cilia ultrastructure, but an abnormal beating pattern, usual characterized by hyperfrequent and trembling ciliary movements (hypermotile). These groups seem to constitute separate types of congenital ciliary defects. PMID- 6225663 TI - Kartagener's syndrome: clinical symptoms and laboratory studies. AB - The purpose of this study was to develop a research program for the detection of congenital malfunction of cilia in the respiratory tract of selected patients with chronic respiratory infection. A clear difference was found between patients with Kartagener's syndrome and patients with respiratory tract infections of unknown etiology by studying patients employing this program, including examination of mucociliary clearance, ciliary motility and ciliary ultrastructure. The name "primary ciliary dyskinesia" is appropriate for emcompassing several ciliary abnormalities. PMID- 6225664 TI - Effect of a cholino-ceptor antagonist in the nose. AB - As parasympathetic reflexes are of importance for nasal hypersecretion, treatment of rhinorrhoea with a cholino-ceptor antagonist seems rational. We have therefore studied the topically active anti-cholinergic drug ipratropium in laboratory studies and clinical trials. This drug, as a nasal spray, could markedly inhibit metacholine-induced hypersecretion for a prolonged period, in a dosage having no demonstrable systemic effects, in treatment of patients with perennial rhinitis and watery rhinorrhoea as the major symptoms. The daily use of ipratropium spray caused a moderate reduction in the use of handkerchiefs. It is concluded that this new treatment can be of value in such patients, but it is important to realize that the effect is strictly monosymptomatic. Finally, how this type of therapy can be further improved is discussed. PMID- 6225665 TI - Ultrastructural basis for ciliary motility. AB - The axoneme of a cilium or a sperm tail is a machinery of great complexity. The mechano-chemical work is exerted by the dynein arms and brings about a sliding of the microtubular doublets relative to each other. Nexin links hold the doublets together and restrict the sliding; this makes the cilium bend rather than slide apart. The spokes have several functions and one is to prevent the cilium from becoming buckled when bending. There is a structure called the ciliary necklace in the proximal region of the cilium; this is believed to influence the activity of the cilium by regulating the calcium influx. The two principal pathways, which can be used to explore the ciliary machinery and its many components are (a) "chemical dissection" of the cilium by selectively dissolving the various parts of the machinery and (b) examination of ciliary mutants which can be obtained from experiments with protists or at the investigation of the population attending lung clinics or male fertility clinics as patients. Such human ciliary mutants usually belong to the immotile-cilia syndrome. PMID- 6225666 TI - Relationship between dynein arms and ciliary motility in Kartagener's syndrome. PMID- 6225667 TI - How can we detect patients with immotile cilia syndrome? PMID- 6225668 TI - Intranasal ipratropium bromide for paroxysmal rhinorrhoea. PMID- 6225669 TI - The absence of systemic side-effects from high doses of ipratropium in the nose. PMID- 6225670 TI - Nebulised ipratropium bromide in wheezy infants and young children. PMID- 6225671 TI - Selectivity of anticholinergic drugs on central and peripheral airways in normal subjects. PMID- 6225672 TI - Protective effect of fenoterol spray, ipratropium bromide plus fenoterol spray, and oral clenbuterol, on exercise-induced asthma in children. Double blind controlled and randomized clinical trial. PMID- 6225673 TI - Combination of fenoterol and ipratropium bromide in the treatment of bronchial asthma. PMID- 6225674 TI - Salbutamol versus Duovent (a combination of fenoterol and ipratropium bromide) in asthma. PMID- 6225675 TI - Acute effect of ipratropium bromide at therapeutic dose on mucus transport of adult asthmatics. PMID- 6225676 TI - Fasciola hepatica: inhibition of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, and end product formation by quinolinic acid and 3-mercaptopicolinic acid. AB - Quinolinic acid and 3-mercaptopicolinic acid act as inhibitors of Fasciola hepatica phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase. Low concentrations of these compounds (0.1 mM quinolinate and 0.01 mM 3-mercaptopicolinate) resulted in noncompetitive inhibition, which became mixed inhibition at higher concentrations (1.5 and 0.15 mM, respectively). 3-mercaptopicolinic acid proved to be a much more potent effector than quinolinic acid. Both quinolinic acid and 3-mercaptopicolinic acid caused a significant reduction in the total amount of end product excreted, again 3-mercaptopicolinate being more effective than quinolinate. When glucose was present in the medium, both propionate and acetate levels fell significantly with both inhibitors; however, only 3-mercaptopicolinic acid caused an effect in the absence of glucose. PMID- 6225677 TI - Mixed lymphocyte reaction in human monoclonal gammopathies. AB - Ten multiple myeloma (MM) and 5 monoclonal gammopathies of undetermined significance (MGUS) were studied. The mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) proliferative response was of the same order of magnitude in MM and in MGUS as in normal controls. Normal results were obtained when pathological lymphocytes were used as either responding or stimulating cells. The addition of monoclonal anti Ia antibodies completely abrogates the proliferative response as in healthy individuals. These results suggest that the immunological mechanisms supposed to be important in MLR are functionally normal in MM and in MGUS, although both the B and T cell lineages are involved in monoclonal gammopathies. PMID- 6225679 TI - [Effect of riboxine on the ATPase activity and adenine nucleotide content in the myocardium in experimental myocardial infarct]. AB - Experiments on rabbits with experimental myocardial infarction were made to determine the content of adenyl nucleotides and Ca2+-dependent ATPase activity of myosin outside the zone of necrosis. It was found that on the 5th day the animals injected with 40 mg/kg riboxine intravenously on a daily basis manifested a 36% increase in the content of AMP and a 81% increase in the CA2+-dependent ATPase activity as compared with untreated controls. Injection of riboxine did not produce any appreciable changes in the content of ATP and ADP. Riboxine appears to stimulate the utilization of the energy of macroenergic binding of adenyl nucleotides with myocardial cells. PMID- 6225678 TI - [Action of dimebon on histamine receptors]. AB - A study was made of the effect of dimebon on H1- and H2-histamine receptors. The effect of dimebon was found to be defined by the blocking influence on H1 histamine receptors. PMID- 6225680 TI - Interactions of the 26-39 fragment of the cro protein from lambda bacteriophage with nucleic acids. AB - A tetradecapeptide with a sequence identical to residues 26-39 of the cro protein from bacteriophage lambda has been synthesized. This peptide has no secondary structure in an aqueous buffer but adopts an alpha-helical conformation in the presence of 20% hexafluoroisopropanol. The fluorescence of the single tyrosyl residue of the cro protein fragment is quenched upon binding to nucleic acids. Proton magnetic resonance has been used to investigate complex formation of the cro protein fragment with a self-complementary decadeoxynucleotide d(AATTGCAATT). Changes in resonance positions and linewidths have been observed for both partners in the 4 complexes which are obtained when either the single-stranded or double-stranded oligonucleotide is mixed with either the random coil or the alpha helical peptide. These studies are presently extended to the specific complex formed by the cro protein fragment with the OR3 operator sequence. PMID- 6225681 TI - Inhibition of rabbit skeletal muscle acto-S1 ATPase by troponin T. PMID- 6225682 TI - Myosin isozyme changes in the heart following constriction of the ascending aorta of a 25-day old rat. AB - When a constricting band is placed around the ascending aorta of young (25-day old) rats, all chambers of the heart eventually produce hypertrophy. Both the left and right ventricles show strong shifts toward an isozyme pattern in which V3 is predominant, similar to that seen in models where hypertrophy is induced in adult rats. The hypertrophied atria however, show no detectable change in the native myosin isozymes or the light chain subunits. PMID- 6225683 TI - Lack of ability of trypsin-treated mitochondrial F1-ATPase to bind the oligomycin sensitivity conferring protein (OSCP). AB - Soluble beef-heart mitochondrial F1-ATPase modified in its alpha-subunit by mild trypsin treatment (alpha'-F1) can no longer bind oligomycin-sensitivity conferring protein (OSCP) but is still capable of binding to F1-depleted submitochondrial particles, giving rise to a maximally oligomycin-sensitive ATPase, provided the particles contain their native complement of OSCP. When OSCP is removed from the particles, alpha'-F1 can still bind to the particles, but added OSCP induces only a low degree of oligomycin sensitivity. The possible role of OSCP in the functional coupling of the catalytic (F1) and H+-translocating (Fo) moieties of mitochondrial ATPase is discussed. The results suggest a functional similarity between the OSCP component of mitochondrial ATPase and the delta-subunit of E. coli ATPase, which is in accordance with the structural homology recently found to exist between the two polypeptides. PMID- 6225684 TI - Effect of medroxyprogesterone acetate on peritoneal adhesion formation. PMID- 6225685 TI - Biosynthesis of lipid-linked oligosaccharides in embryonic liver. Formation of dolichyl pyrophosphate N-acetylglucosaminyl intermediates. AB - Liver microsomes from pig embryos synthesized dolichyl pyrophosphate N acetylglucosamine and converted it to dolichyl pyrophosphate N,N' diacetylchitobiose. N-acetylglucosaminyl transferase activity towards dolichol was about 2-fold greater in microsomes from embryonic liver than in microsomes from adult liver. A maximum level of conversion of dolichyl pyrophosphate N acetylglucosamine to dolichyl pyrophosphate N,N'-diacetylchitobiose was achieved at 5 mM concentration of unlabelled UDP-N-acetylglucosamine, while this conversion was negligible at lower UDP-N-acetylglucosamine concentrations (0.1 and 0.5 mM). The level of dolichyl phosphate, assessed by the level of dolichyl pyrophosphate N-acetylglucosamine synthesis was 2-fold higher in microsomes from embryonic liver than that in microsomes from adult liver. Tunicamycin (1 microgram/ml) inhibited completely the formation of dolichyl pyrophosphate N acetyl-glucosamine in embryonic liver microsomes, while the inhibitory effect of UMP (1 mM) was about 70%. PMID- 6225686 TI - A controlled trial of sorbinil, an aldose reductase inhibitor, in chronic painful diabetic neuropathy. AB - A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled cross-over trial of the aldose reductase inhibitor sorbinil was undertaken in 15 patients (age 35-68 yr) with chronic painful diabetic neuropathy. Treatment was evaluated by subjective pain responses, clinical examination, vibration perception threshold, motor and sensory nerve electrophysiology, and cardiovascular reflex tests of autonomic nerve function. Among the many measurements, only pain, tendon reflex scores, and sural sensory potential amplitude improved significantly during sorbinil administration, while scores of clinical sensory examination deteriorated. Four patients experienced an idiosyncratic reaction that rapidly recovered on discontinuing the drug. This study suggests that aldose reductase inhibitor treatment with suggests that aldose reductase inhibitor treatment with sorbinil may have an effect on symptomatic diabetic neuropathy in man. PMID- 6225687 TI - Powered mobility for very young disabled children. AB - Nine motor-disabled children with normal intelligence and varying degrees of disability were studied to see if competent control of a motorized wheelchair is attainable between 20 and 39 months of age. Each child used a conventional motorized wheelchair with adaptive seating. Parents supervised the learning at home. Eight children drove safely and independently within 1.7 to 12 hours accumulated over a one to seven week period. Parents reported that this independent mobility stimulated their child's social, emotional and intellectual behavior. PMID- 6225688 TI - [Multiple lentiginosis and hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy]. AB - Two patients with Multiple Lentiginosis (ML) had hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with severe obstruction of the right and left ventricular outflow tracts. ML is a rare syndrome in which there is a typical skin pigmentation disorder together with various other abnormalities like slight mental retardation, sensorineural deafness, genital and skeletal anomalies and sometimes a characteristic facies. Obstruction of the right ventricular outflow tract is frequent in such patients. The association of ML and obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy has been recently reported. A critical examination of the literature in addition to our clinical observations suggests that the biventricular obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy may play a major role in the clinical feature of ML syndrome. PMID- 6225689 TI - [Current aspects of arterial hypertension]. PMID- 6225690 TI - In vitro characterization of human intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes. AB - Enriched populations of human intestinal and colonic intraepithelial lymphocytes were isolated separate from lamina propria lymphocytes. These populations, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells, were characterized for membrane features, lymphocyte subsets, and proliferative potential to the nonspecific mitogenic lectins phytohemagglutinin, concanavalin A, and pokeweed mitogen. All three populations were predominantly T lymphocytes as measured by sheep red blood cell rosettes and monoclonal antibodies. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells had a T4:T8 ratio of 2.15 while intraepithelial lymphocytes were enriched for T8+ cells with a T4:T8 ratio of 0.06-0.14. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells and lamina propria lymphocytes registered vigorous proliferative responses to phytohemagglutinin, concanavalin A, and pokeweed mitogen. Intraepithelial lymphocytes, in contrast, failed to respond to the lectins. Control experiments with peripheral blood mononuclear cells indicated that the isolation reagents and procedures had no adverse effect on lectin-stimulated proliferation or on T-cell subset proportions. Viability of the intraepithelial lymphocytes after separation (88%) and after 3 days in culture with lectin (77%-85%) was confirmed by trypan blue dye exclusion, by light microscopy, by electron microscopy, and by ability to affect pokeweed mitogen-induced immunoglobulin synthesis when added to autologous and heterologous peripheral blood mononuclear cells. The failure of intraepithelial lymphocytes to respond to lectins was not due to failure of lectin binding, macrophage depletion, or absence of T-cell growth factor in culture. The possibility that the T-cell subset proportions (T4:T8 ratio) affect the proliferative response of isolated intraepithelial lymphocytes is discussed. PMID- 6225692 TI - Peritoneoscopy and pancreas biopsy in the diagnosis of pancreatic diseases. AB - Peritoneoscopy and pancreatic biopsy under direct vision were performed on 124 cases with a variety of pancreatic diseases by means of supragastric pancreoscopy and supragastric bursoscopy. Among 53 cases of pancreatitis, the pancreas was directly observed in 38 (72%). Among 71 cases of pancreatic carcinoma, observation of pancreas head carcinoma was accomplished in 32% and for pancreas body carcinoma, 85%. Peritoneoscopic biopsy of the pancreas had good diagnostic accuracy with negligible complications. PMID- 6225691 TI - In situ characterization by monoclonal antibodies of the mononuclear cell infiltrate in chronic active hepatitis. AB - To characterize the inflammatory infiltrate of chronic active hepatitis we have examined 26 liver biopsy specimens [16 hepatitis B surface antigen-negative and 10 hepatitis B surface antigen-positive] with monoclonal antibodies and antiimmunoglobulins that react against the following mononuclear cell populations: T cells, T4 cells, T8 cells, monocytes-macrophages, Ia-positive cells, surface Ig-bearing cells, natural killer/killer cells. A biotin-avidin fluorescein technique was used and the number of positive cells was counted in a portal tract that was more severely involved. The T cells predominate in all the specimens. The T4:T8 cell ratio and the number of T and T4 cells in the hepatitis B surface antigen-negative patients are higher than in the hepatitis B surface antigen-positive patients. While natural killer/killer cells, surface Ig-bearing cells, and macrophages are always rare, Ia-positive cells are numerous and the double-staining technique demonstrates a fair number of cells displaying both T cell and Ia markers. These findings, while not supporting a major role of killer cells in chronic active hepatitis, suggest a different alteration of T-cell subsets in hepatitis B surface antigen-positive and -negative chronic active hepatitis. PMID- 6225693 TI - [Effects of hormonal treatment on the duration of the climacteric syndrome]. AB - The duration of symptoms occurring in vegetative climacteric syndrome in 97 women who refused hormone treatment and served as the control group was 4.5 years. A mean duration of 5.4 years was determined in 85 women treated with oral estrogens, 6.4 years in 20 women treated with a combination of estradiol and prasterone and 12.9 years in 28 women receiving a combination of estradiol and testosterone. All these groups were practically identical as to initiation of therapy and age, as well as to 17 further case history, sociological and clinical characteristics. Hormonal treatment of the climacteric syndrome can therefore lengthen symptomatic problems. This applies particularly to estradiol testosterone combinations, in which the testosterone assumes decisive significance for the extent of the lengthening. Adjustment to the symptomatic timespan experienced by the control group depends largely on a relatively quick reduction of dosage. PMID- 6225694 TI - Interaction of 99mTc-labeled liposomes with Walker tumour cells in vitro. Liposome-mediated introduction of thaliblastine into resistant Walker tumour cells. AB - A method for labeling phospholipid vesicles (liposomes) with 99mTc-pertechnetate is described. The labeling methodology involves the chemical reduction of sodium 99mTc-pertechnetate by stannous chloride, which produces a 99mTc-SnCl2 complex with high binding capacity to phospholipids. Binding studies in vitro showed that Walker tumour cells can incorporate large amounts of 99mTc-labeled liposomes without cytotoxic effects. Fusion of liposomes with the cell plasma membrane may represent an important pathway for lipid incorporation. A Walker cell line resistant to thaliblastine, on treatment with the antitumour alkaloid thaliblastine entrapped in liposomes, showed a marked growth inhibition at concentrations that had little effect when used as free drug. The usefulness of 99mTc-labeled liposomes for kinetic binding studies with tumour cells in cultures and their possible use as carriers of cytotoxic agents in selective cancer chemotherapy, are discussed. PMID- 6225695 TI - Effects of various substances on two types of inflammatory reaction in animals. AB - The effects of 16 substances, including non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents, a corticoid, phenols, immunomodulators and gold salts, were studied using two types of acute inflammatory reaction, a non-specific reaction (carrageenan-induced oedema) and an immune reaction (reversed passive Arthus reaction in the rat or active Arthus reaction in the mouse). Results revealed that the active Arthus model appears to be more selective than the passive reversed Arthus model, which is itself less sensitive than the carrageenan model. The active Arthus reaction might be useful for secondary screening of molecules that act on mechanisms modulating the intervention of complement and the various functions of polymorphonuclear leucocytes, and the passive Arthus reaction appears to be more suitable for preliminary screening. The activities of the different substances studied are discussed in terms of their modes of action and toxicity. PMID- 6225696 TI - The interaction of cos with Chi is separable from DNA packaging in recA-recBC mediated recombination of bacteriophage lambda. AB - Chi (5'-GCTGGTGG) is a recombinator in RecA-RecBC-mediated recombination in Escherichia coli. In bacteriophage lambda vegetative recombination, Chi is fully active only when it is correctly oriented with respect to cos, the site that defines the ends of the packaged chromosome. Here we demonstrate that packaging from cos is not necessary for this cos-Chi interaction. Our evidence suggests that correctly oriented cos is an activator of Chi. cos, as an activator, is (1) dominant over cos-, (2) active opposite an extensive heterology, (3) able to interact with Chi only when on the same (cis) chromosome, and (4) able to interact with Chi at distances as far as greater than or equal to 20 kb. Thus, cos and Chi form a two-component recombinator system for general recombination. cos may serve as an asymmetric entry site for a recombination enzyme that recognizes Chi in an asymmetric way. PMID- 6225697 TI - Effects of high levels of DNA adenine methylation on methyl-directed mismatch repair in Escherichia coli. AB - Two methods were used in an attempt to increase the efficiency and strand selectivity of methyl-directed mismatch repair of bacteriophage lambda heteroduplexes in E. coli. Previous studies of such repair used lambda DNA that was only partially methylated as the source of methylated chains. Also, transfection was carried out in methylating strains. Either of these factors might have been responsible for the incompleteness of the strand selectivity observed previously. In the first approach to increasing strand selectivity, heteroduplexes were transfected into a host deficient in methylation, but no changes in repair frequencies were observed. In the second approach, heteroduplexes were prepared using DNA that had been highly methylated in vitro with purified DNA adenine methylase as the source of methylated chains. In heteroduplexes having a repairable cI/+ mismatch, strand selectivity was indeed enhanced. In heteroduplexes with one chain highly methylated and the complementary chain unmethylated, the frequency of repair on the unmethylated chain increased to nearly 100%. Heteroduplexes with both chains highly methylated were not repaired at a detectable frequency. Thus, chains highly methylated by DNA adenine methylase were refractory to mismatch repair by this system, regardless of the methylation of the complementary chain. These results support the hypothesis that methyl-directed mismatch repair acts to correct errors of replication, thus lowering the mutation rate. PMID- 6225699 TI - [Frequencies of ABO system blood groups and haptoglobins in Uzbekistan. The problems of sampling studies]. AB - The results of the analysis of the distribution of blood group gene frequencies of ABO and haptoglobins (Hp) systems for four regions of Uzbek SSR are presented. Three sources were used for sampling: 1) subtotal population samples in 6 villages (the total of 1839 specimens were assayed for ABO and 1729 for Hp); 2) unselected sampling among school children from some districts (2662 specimens assayed for ABO and 3582 for Hp systems); 3) sampling in 18 955 random philanthropic donors from various districts of Uzbekistan. Estimations of blood group gene frequencies were obtained: for the first source--IO = 0.5291; IA = 0.2529; IB = 0.2180; HpI = 0.2510. For the second source--IO = 0.5549; IA = 0.2434; IB = 0.2017; HpI = 0.2783. For the third source--IO = 0.5614; IA = 0.2404; IB = 0.1982. It was established that the frequencies of O(1) blood group of ABO system were permanently increasing, from the values obtained in subtotally investigated villages (kishlaks) toward sampling among school children and reaching the highest value obtained from the sampling in random philanthropic donors (0.5291 leads to 0.5549 leads to 0.5614). The differences are statistically significant. There is strong evidence that it is important for the sampling to be corresponding to the sex-age distribution of populations studied. PMID- 6225698 TI - Genetic analysis of murine arylsulfatase C and steroid sulfatase. AB - SWR/J mice possess two- to threefold higher 4-methylumbelliferyl sulfate (4MUS), dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) and estrone sulfate (E1S) sulfatase activities in liver and kidney extracts than do A/J mice. These interstrain activity differences are maintained throughout the 6- to 45-day postnatal period. Characteristics of the hepatic activities of SWR/J mice suggest that all three activities reside in the same enzyme. Biochemical properties of the SWR/J and A/J enzyme were not significantly different. Expression of hepatic enzyme activity is subject to regulation by an autosomal locus possessing two alleles with additive effects. Postnuclear E1S- and DHEAS-sulfatase activities are primarily microsomal. Although postnuclear hepatic 4MUS-sulfatase activity is predominantly microsomal, renal activity is primarily nonmicrosomal. Only that portion of 4MUS sulfatase occurring in cell membranes appears capable of hydrolyzing E1S and DHEAS. The hepatic- and renal-specific subcellular distributions of 4MUS sulfatase activity may reflect tissue differences in enzyme processing. Renal 4MUS-sulfatase activity is also controlled by an autosomal gene with two alleles having additive effects. Positive correlation between hepatic and renal 4MUS sulfatase activities indicates that both activities are most likely influenced by the same gene. PMID- 6225700 TI - Differential binding of RNA polymerase to the pRM and pR promoters of bacteriophage lambda. AB - Escherichia coli RNA polymerase binding to the promoters pR and pRM of bacteriophage lambda was visualized and quantitated by electron microscopy. Although the two promoters are located close together in the phage genome, their proximity to the end of an 889-bp HaeIII DNA fragment made it possible to position binary complexes within 18 bp (2%) intervals. Thus, polymerase binding to pR and pRM could be distinguished by comparing the locations of binary complexes formed with wild-type and mutant (prm-) DNA at 37 degrees and 15 degrees C. We found that at 37 degrees C, RNA polymerase bound primarily to pR, while at 15 degrees C the efficiency of binding was the same at pRM as at pR. In addition, at 15 degrees C the overall efficiency of binding was significantly reduced relative to that at 37 degrees C. When the enzyme was incubated with prm- DNA, binding to pRM was reduced at both temperatures, as expected. Reduced binding to pRM was accompanied by an increase in binding to pR, apparently as a consequence of the low enzyme-to-DNA ratios used in these experiments. PMID- 6225701 TI - Nucleotide sequence of the promoter and amino-terminal coding region of the glutamate dehydrogenase structural gene of Escherichia coli. AB - A 610-bp DNA fragment carrying the promoter and amino-terminal coding regions of the glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) structural gene from Escherichia coli has been sequenced. The amino-terminal sequence of the enzyme was also determined to help localize the transcriptional and translational signals for this gene. Three possible promoters and a CRP binding site were identified by concensus criteria. The sequence of 102 amino acids at the amino terminus of the enzyme is compared with the amino acid sequence from other GDH enzymes. PMID- 6225703 TI - [Current approaches to assessing the level of physical development--an important index of societal health]. PMID- 6225702 TI - Heart failure in the elderly. AB - The acute and chronic compensatory mechanisms underlying the clinical syndrome of heart failure are summarised. Problems of diagnosing heart failure and causes of heart failure, particularly in the elderly, are noted, against a framework of reference of the determinants of cardiac output. The main approaches to treating heart failure are reviewed against the same framework of reference. PMID- 6225704 TI - [Goal-directed laboratory research in epidemiological health stations]. PMID- 6225705 TI - [Hygienic evaluation of the working conditions on commercial animal husbandry farm complexes in connection with the use of fields for plowing under]. PMID- 6225706 TI - [Quantitative evaluation of the interrelation of health status indices of children and environmental factors]. PMID- 6225707 TI - [Incidence and intensity of caries of the permanent dentition during the period of mineralization in Arkhangelsk children depending on the fluorine content in the drinking water]. PMID- 6225708 TI - [Experience in organizing laboratory control of atmospheric pollution]. PMID- 6225709 TI - [Effect of biological sewage treatment on the content of carcinogenic substances]. PMID- 6225710 TI - [Physical development of preschoolers in Vitebsk]. PMID- 6225711 TI - [Individual irradiation dosages of certain personnel groups]. PMID- 6225712 TI - Hereditary disorders of enzymes in the Embden-Meyerhof pathway of glycolysis. AB - Recent advances in hereditary disorders of red cell enzymes in the Embden Meyerhof pathway and the Rapoport-Luebering cycle are discussed with a stress on pyruvate kinase deficiency. Broad genetic heterogeneity exists in all the known erythroenzymopathies. The primary structure of normal human red cell phosphoglycerate kinase has been determined recently and single amino acid substitutions of four mutant phosphoglycerate kinases have been clarified. These studies allowed an analysis of the structure-function relationships at the molecular level more precisely than has been possible previously. It is the consensus of the investigators working in this field that the pathogenesis in three-quarters of the congenital nonspherocytic hemolytic anemia patients remains unknown even after adequate red cell enzyme studies and isopropanol test. This means that broad studies have to be carried out in this field. PMID- 6225713 TI - [Clinico-biochemical study of experimental renal injuries in rats. 3. Relations between serum half-life of phenolsulfonphthalein and renal injuries]. AB - The serum half-life of PSP(PSP t/2) was determined in normal and nephropathy rats by repeated blood collection under an unanesthetized condition to estimate its usefulness as a renal functional parameter. In normal rats, the serum disappearance curve of PSP (5 mg/kg) could be resolved into two exponential components, and the mean PSP t/2 in the second component was 12 min (n=100). About 71% of the PSP loaded was excreted in urine and 19% in bile. A single subcutaneous injection of HgCl2 delayed the serum disappearance of PSP and simultaneously decreased its urinary excretion and increased its biliary excretion. The serum protein binding ratio of PSP became higher when the serum concentration of PSP was decreased, while it became lower when the serum albumin level was decreased. PSP t/2 in rats treated with gentamicin or puromycin amino nucleoside as well as that in rats given HgCl2 was increased in correlation with changes in common renal functional parameters such as serum urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, urinary protein and morphologic changes of the kidney. Masugi-type nephritis rats showed no change in PSP t/2. Moreover, PSP t/2 was well correlated with the maximal tubular secretion rate of p-amino-hippuric acid. Since PSP t/2 can be determined periodically on the same animal, it is considered to have effective application as a renal functional test in rats, especially for examining tubular secretion. PMID- 6225714 TI - [Ultrasonic diagnosis]. PMID- 6225715 TI - Immunosuppressive serum factors in viral hepatitis. I. Characterization of serum inhibition factor(s) as lymphocyte antiactivator(s). AB - Sera from patients with acute viral hepatitis B were found to inhibit the in vitro proliferation of normal lymphocytes induced by different mitogens and antigens. In addition, an effect on concanavalin A-induced T suppressor cell activity and pokeweed mitogen-stimulated IgG and IgM synthesis was demonstrated. Studies concerning the kinetics of serum immunosuppressive effects indicated that serum immunosuppressive factor (SIF) interfered with the intermediate phase of mitogen-induced lymphocyte activation which was defined by protein and RNA synthesis. Thus, when SIF-positive sera were added to lymphocytes, which were already activated by phytohemagglutinin, for 8, 12, or 18 hr, the inhibitory effect decreased in relation to the duration of lymphocyte activation. No inhibition could be demonstrated when SIF-positive sera were added 24 hr after initiation of mitogen stimulation. Furthermore, similar inhibitory effects were found measuring either uptake of [3H]uridine (RNA synthesis) or [3H]leucine (protein synthesis) in a 24 hr culture of phytohemagglutinin-stimulated lymphocytes or [3H]thymidine uptake (DNA synthesis) after 48 hr. These results indicate that SIF act(s) like an antiactivator and may belong to immunoregulatory physiologic serum factors. PMID- 6225716 TI - Immunological aspects of chronic active hepatitis. PMID- 6225717 TI - Immune responses and liver disease, perhaps. But what about target organ defenses? PMID- 6225718 TI - Activating proteins for ganglioside GM2 degradation by beta-hexosaminidase isoenzymes in tissue extracts from different species. AB - The existence of activator proteins that stimulate hydrolysis of ganglioside GM2 by beta-hexosaminidase was demonstrated in kidney extracts from four species (rat, mouse, cattle and pig). The extent to which these preparations, as well as their human counterpart, promote ganglioside GM2 catabolism by autologous and heterologous hexosaminidase isoenzymes was compared. It was found that these activators can replace each other functionally, although the animal activator proteins do not cross-react immunochemically with an antiserum against the human protein. All preparations examined catalysed the transfer of ganglioside GM2 between liposomal membranes, indicating that the animal activator proteins act by a mechanism similar to the human GM2 activator. PMID- 6225719 TI - Different actions of mono- and disaccharides on rat liver mitochondria. AB - Mitochondria, isolated with 0.3M disaccharide (sucrose, maltose, trehalose) solutions, showed significantly lower specific activities both in uncoupler stimulated adenosinetriphosphatase and succinate dehydrogenase activities than organelles prepared in parallel from the same livers with isosomolar media based on mannitol, glucose or sorbitol. Furthermore, the glutamate content and the inulin impermeable space appeared markedly reduced by 0.3M disaccharides. These effects of the disaccharides were dependent on the concentration of the solute, and were not discernible at a concentration of 0.2M. On the basis of these results, one might suggest the avoidance of further use of sucrose in the preparation of liver mitochondria. PMID- 6225720 TI - The disability system in disarray. PMID- 6225721 TI - Which twin has T-cell defect? Graves' study shows for sure. PMID- 6225722 TI - Ulcer, back pain, and jaundice in an alcoholic. PMID- 6225723 TI - Reliability of the use of fructose 1-phosphate to detect Hunter cells in fibroblast-cultures of obligate carriers of the Hunter syndrome. AB - Pulse-chase experiments measuring 35S-sulphate incorporation into acid mucopolysaccharides were performed in the presence and absence of fructose 1 phosphate on fibroblasts obtained from one skin-biopsy of 25 obligate Hunter carriers. The presence of fructose 1-phosphate significantly increased the accumulation of 35S-labelled acid mucopolysaccharides in fibroblast cultures of 23 obligate Hunter carriers. In one carrier, the accumulation of labelled acid mucopolysaccharides was significantly increased prior to the addition of fructose 1-phosphate, and in one of the 25 obligate carriers the 35S-sulphate incorporation was normal in the presence as well as in the absence of fructose 1 phosphate. Similar experiments performed on mixtures of Hunter cells and normal cells revealed that 20% Hunter cells should be present to obtain a significantly increased difference in between the incorporation in the presence and in the absence of fructose 1-phosphate. Fructose 1-phosphate had no effect on the accumulation of labelled mucopolysaccharides in fibroblast-cultures of seven women with no family history of mucopolysaccharidosis. The present results show that pulse-chase experiments measuring 35S-sulphate incorporation into fibroblasts, cultured in the presence of fructose 1-phosphate, can identify Hunter carriership, provided that the accumulation is normal prior to the addition of fructose 1-phosphate. Furthermore, 35S-sulphate incorporation in the absence of fructose 1-phosphate, higher than mean +4SD of normal control fibroblasts indicates carriership. PMID- 6225724 TI - Ineffectivity of accessory bisatellited marker chromosomes in inducing meiotic nondisjunction. AB - It has been postulated that accessory marker chromosomes, which frequently show satellites, are effective in inducing meiotic nondisjunction in the carrier. This hypothesis has been tested by comparing expectations derived from it with actual data. Due to the discrepancies between these expectations and actual observations this hypothesis does not hold true: The frequency of trisomy 21 in the offspring of a carrier of an accessory bisatellited marker chromosome cannot be shown to be actually increased, and there is no increase of either the rate of miscarriages to such carriers or the frequency of an accessory marker chromosome among the individuals with regular trisomy 21. This indicates that the risk of trisomy in the offspring of a carrier of an accessory marker chromosome corresponds to the overall incidence of this trisomy. PMID- 6225725 TI - Frequency in human peripheral blood of T cells which respond to self, modified self and alloantigens. AB - The frequency of occurrence in human peripheral blood of T cells able to proliferate in the autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction (AMLR), and in response to trinitrophenyl (TNP)-modified self (AMLR-TNP) and alloantigens, was measured by limiting dilution analysis. AMLR responder cells were found to have a precursor frequency of from 1/7500 to 1/44,000 peripheral blood T cells. T cells able to respond to hapten modified self were about twice as common and those responding to alloantigen had a 10-fold greater frequency. Responses of T cells remaining after Budr plus light treatment of AMLR or AMLR-TNP-activated T cells indicate that these T cells are in overlapping populations. Their relation to alloreactive T cells is not clear at present. Although responses to alloantigens remained, and indeed were slightly enhanced, after Budr plus light treatment of self-reactive T cells, the experimental design does not rule out the possibility that some self-reactive T cells are also alloreactive. PMID- 6225726 TI - Bovine monocytes and macrophages: an accessory role in suppressor-cell generation by Con A and in lectin-induced proliferation. AB - Non-specific suppressor-cell activity was generated in bovine peripheral-blood leucocytes by treatment with various concentrations of concanavalin A. The activity was expressed against syngeneic and allogeneic responder cells. The involvement of the macrophage-monocyte was found to be necessary for the induction of suppressor cells. After depletion of monocytes from peripheral-blood leucocytes, by sequential plastic adherence and passage through Sephadex G-10 columns, the inducible suppressor activity was significantly reduced or completely abolished. Reconstitution with monocytes resulted in renewed activity in a dose-dependent manner. Histocompatibility identity of macrophages and non adherent cells was not required since allogeneic macrophages reconstituted the response of non-adherent cells to a degree comparable to syngeneic cells. Alveolar macrophages were shown to be even more efficient as accessory cells for suppressor-cell induction than peripheral-blood monocytes. PMID- 6225727 TI - The mechanism of reduction of cell-mediated cytotoxicity in neonatally thymectomized mice. AB - The effect of neonatal thymectomy at various times after birth (Tx-1, Tx-7) on effector and suppressor T cells responsible for cell-mediated cytotoxicity (CMC) for allogenic antigens was determined. Following in-vitro primary mixed lymphocyte cultures, in the absence of T-cell growth factor (TCGF), alloreactive CMC was not detected in spleen cells of Tx-1 mice, but was detected in spleen cells of Tx-7 mice at as high levels as in those of sham-operated mice. However, in the presence of TCGF, as much alloreactive CMC was detected in spleen cells of Tx-1 mice as in those of Tx-7 mice. Furthermore, TCGF production was not detected in spleen cells of Tx-1 mice but was detected in those of Tx-7 mice. In in-vivo experiments, inhibition of allogeneic tumour growth and CMC in spleen cells showed the same pattern as in in-vitro experiments. These results support the concept that the reduction of CMC in Tx-1 mice might be due to a defect in helper function (TCGF-producing capacity) rather than to a defect in cytotoxic T lymphocytes and/or cytotoxic T lymphocyte precursors. Alloreactive suppressor T cells could not be induced in spleen cells of Tx-1 mice but were induced in spleen cells of Tx-7 mice. Therefore, it was suggested that alloreactive suppressor T cells require the presence of the thymus for 7 days after birth in their development. PMID- 6225728 TI - A chemical carcinogen, 3-methylcholanthrene, alters T-cell function and induces T suppressor cells in a mouse model system. AB - The in-vivo effects of a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH), 3 methylcholanthrene (MCA), on in-vitro mitogen activation, cell-mediated lympholysis (CML) and T-cell subset distribution in mouse splenic lymphocyte populations were measured. Three inbred mouse strains were treated with a single intraperitoneal injection of corn oil alone or with different doses of MCA in oil (0.5-50 mg kg -1). One to ninety days after injection, splenic lymphocytes were isolated, and assayed for blastogenesis, CML and the percent T-helper and T suppressor cells using monoclonal antibodies. High doses of MCA suppressed mitogen activation (15.2-53.6%) and CML (69-90%) within 24 hr in lymphocytes from PAH-responsive mice (C57 and C3H). Blastogenesis was stimulated and CML was suppressed to a lesser degree (5-45%) in lymphocytes from non-responsive mice (DBA). MCA induced an increase in T-suppressor cells in responsive mice, but there was no change in DBA mice. These studies suggest a correlation between immunocytotoxicity of PAH compounds on T-cell subsets and the responsiveness of mouse strains to these carcinogens. PMID- 6225729 TI - The lack of effect of histamine--protein conjugates on human lymphocyte responses to concanavalin A and histamine. AB - We have studied the effect of depleting human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) on plates coated with histamine-rabbit serum albumin (H-RSA) or control (E-RSA) conjugates, on the concanavalin A (Con A) response and the histamine suppression of Con A responses. Low H10-RSA-substituted conjugate depletion had little effect on [3H]-thymidine incorporation of Con A-stimulated cells compared to control (E10-RSA) conjugates and unseparated cells, but significantly increased unstimulated cell counts, therefore reducing stimulation index (SI). Highly histamine-substituted (H30-RSA) and control (E30-RSA) conjugates decreased SI in a similar way, but also decreased the [3H]-thymidine incorporation of Con A stimulated cells. Histamine suppression of Con A responses was reduced by both E10- and H10-RSA-coated plates at suboptimal but not optimal mitogen concentrations. The induction of Con A-induced suppressor cells was unaffected by prior depletion of cells on H10- or E10-RSA conjugate-coated plates. Addition of H10- and E10-RSA to Con A cultures had a slight enhancing effect on transformation, but no effect on histamine suppression of the Con A response. Thus, whilst it is clear from other studies in vitro that functional histamine receptors are present on suppressor T cells, the results presented here show that histamine-protein conjugates do not specifically bind to histamine receptor bearing human peripheral blood suppressor T lymphocytes. PMID- 6225730 TI - Feedback control of the secondary antibody response. I. A suppressor, suppressor inducer mechanism from the interaction of B-memory cells with Lyt 2- T cells. AB - The cellular elements of an antigen-specific suppressor system for secondary antibody responses have been identified, using positive cell-selection techniques in the fluorescence-activated cell sorter. In a double-adoptive transfer of memory cells for a thymus-dependent antigen, from one irradiated recipient to another, antigen-specific suppressor T cells are recruited after a critical time in the primary recipient. It is also a source of B cells that are able to induce further suppressors in carrier-primed, but otherwise naive donors. There are two distinct routes, therefore, for the generation of suppressor T cells: primary induction by adoptive transfer with antigen, or secondary induction by B cells recruited in the primary irradiated host. We have shown that both primary and secondary suppressors are recruited from a Lyt 2- memory population, although the Lyt 2 alloantigen is expressed at the effector stage. PMID- 6225731 TI - Feedback control of the secondary antibody response. II. Differences in the rate of induction of T-helper and T-suppressor memory. AB - There is a radical change in the cooperative behaviour of the thymus-dependent B memory cell after adoptive transfer to irradiated recipients. It acquires the ability to recruit suppressors on further transfer with carrier primed spleen cells. This suppressor inducer activity has provided a probe to study the development of feedback mechanisms after primary immunization. Here, we have shown that helper and suppressor activity exhibit different rates of induction after immunization but both reside in a long-lived memory population. PMID- 6225733 TI - GM2-gangliosidosis, Type 2 (Sandhoff disease). PMID- 6225732 TI - Molecular events in the processing of avidin by antigen-presenting cells (APC). I. The immune response of T lymphocytes to avidin is regulated by H-2-linked Ir genes. AB - The immune response of T lymphocytes to avidin was measured by proliferative assays, antibody production and delayed-type hypersensitivity. Mice of H-2k haplotypes were found to be low responders, whereas mice of other haplotypes, and particularly of H-2s, were high responders. Ir genes controlling this response were mapped to the I subregion of H-2. Helper T cells were found to be responsible for the Ir phenotype of antibody production. These results indicate the feasibility of using the avidin-biotin complex as a tool for studying molecular mechanisms by which antigens under Ir gene control are processed and presented to T lymphocytes. PMID- 6225734 TI - [Periodontal problems in leukemia (apropos of 48 cases). Clinical characteristics]. PMID- 6225735 TI - The case for early direct myocardial reperfusion. AB - The treatment of choice, in Des Moines, Iowa for evolving myocardial infarction, is emergency reperfusion by medical or surgical means that are appropriate to the individual patient. If the patient exhibits clinical evidence of continuing evolution at any time distance from the onset of chest pain, cardiac catheterization is done immediately. With single vessel disease, streptokinase lysis is attempted and augmented when necessary by percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. If multiple vessel disease is present, surgical intervention is carried out immediately. As mentioned above, time is not a predictor as to the final outcome whereas the endocardial ventricular architecture correlates well with wall motion recovery. This therapeutic protocol has resulted in an overall mortality rate of 3.5% in patients with evolving myocardial infarction. As mentioned above, all deaths occurred in the patients who were in cardiogenic shock before therapy, and all other 303 patients with evolving myocardial infarction recovered. We certainly do not discourage controlled clinical trials, utilizing these and other techniques, but do encourage you to adopt reperfusion as the primary therapy for evolving myocardial infarction for your patients. PMID- 6225736 TI - Comparative analysis of the immunopharmacological properties of three new nitrosourea analogues: RPCNU, RFCNU and Chlorozotocin. AB - Three sugar derivatives of chloroethyl nitrosoureas: RPCNU, RFCNU and Chlorozotocin (CLZ) were examined for their effect on the immune system in mice when administered at the minimal antineoplastic therapeutic dose. When the drugs were administered 4 days prior to antigenic stimulation, a potentiation of DTH to oxazolone was observed whereas the antibody response to SRBC was markedly decreased. When injected 24 h after immunization, the nitrosourea analogues did not modify the intensity of DTH reaction and of allograft rejection and only RFCNU depressed the antibody response. The proliferative response of spleen cells to T or B cell mitogens was strongly depressed after in vivo treatment with either of the three analogues. Concomitantly, peritoneal macrophages became strongly cytostatic for tumor cells and also displayed an enhanced chemiluminescence upon phagocytosis. An augmentation of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity of spleen cells was observed only after CLZ administration which also resulted in an increase of NK activity of peritoneal cells but in an inhibition of spleen cell cytotoxicity. This study demonstrates that the nitrosourea analogues act as immunomodulating agents and reinforces their interest as antineoplastic drugs since they can stimulate nonspecific effector mechanisms known to play a role in resistance against tumors. PMID- 6225737 TI - Play activities of mentally handicapped children at home and mothers' perception of play. AB - Reviewers have frequently commented on the meagre literature that is available on the play of mentally handicapped children, especially play at home. This study involved 67 families with a moderately or severely handicapped child aged mainly between 2 and 12 years, living in Dublin city. Details were obtained on who the children played with; the activities they engaged in and aspects of the home environment conducive to play. Furthermore mothers' perception of play are reported along with their reactions to playing with their child. It was found that the children's play was immotive and lacking in variety and that it invariably occurred within the family. Mothers viewed play as very important and saw it as an enjoyable and beneficial experience for themselves as well as the child. It is argued that parents should be given opportunities to learn how best they could nurture their child's development through play. PMID- 6225738 TI - Trend and types of disabled persons in Libyan Arab Jamahiriya. AB - Libyan Arab Jamahiriya pays special attention to the problem of disability. It truly follows the policy: "Full participation and equality for all persons with disability". In the country, the number and types of disabled persons have been documented thrice since 1964 and priority social services have been extended for them. The prevalence of disabled persons per 1000 population has shown a downward trend from 29.26 in 1964 to 18.65 in 1976. Males were observed to have significantly higher rates than females. The age specific disability rate per 1000 was 7.92 under 15 years, 24.23 between 15 to 49 years and 99.95 for 50 years or more. Blindness and paralysis were the first and second frequent causes of disability in the three counts carried out in 1964, 1973 and 1976. Among all causes of disability mental subnormality and loss of limbs respectively moved up from position five and four in 1964 to three and five in 1973 and 1976; whereas, deafness and dumbness together moved down from position three to four during the same period of time. Compared to the situation in 1964, all categories of disabled persons per 1000 population showed a declining trend over the years except of mentally subnormal who showed an increasing trend. The common causes of disability in the descending order of frequency were acquired diseases (both communicable and non-communicable), accidents, congenital and other disorders. Prevention of disability and services for disabled persons are outlined along with reference to the newly founded National Committee for Care to Disabled Persons. PMID- 6225739 TI - Assistance to families with handicapped children. AB - The article deals with the problem of developing models for assistance to families with handicapped children in developed and developing countries. In order to avoid unintended and undesirable effects, it is necessary to gain a thorough insight into local conditions and the families own experience of their needs. The example of Norway is used to illustrate this. An interdisiplinary project, a cooperation between a social anthropologist and a child psychiatrist, has studied "handicapped families" and the effects of the aid programs on their ability to cope with the problems of daily life. 171 families with pre-school children with nine different handicaps were interviewed about their life situation, their needs and the aid they received. In Norway one of the main problems in giving aid to "handicapped families" is the underutilisation of the aid that is available. More information must be gathered of the processes that influence the coping ability of the "handicapped family" in both developed and developing countries. Further assistance programs should be based on such knowledge. PMID- 6225740 TI - Frambu Health Centre: promoting family focused care for disabled children. AB - During the last 30 years the Frambu Health Centre has evolved from a summer-camp site for children with poliomyelitis to a modern information and treatment Centre for families with disabled members. Since 1976, fortnightly courses have been held for an increasing number of patients with rare, often congenital and/or hereditary disorders (anorectal anomalies, bladder extrophy, congenital heart defects, cystic fibrosis, severe diabetes, hemophilia, hip joint defects, juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, minimal brain dysfunction, muscular dystrophy, phenylketonuria, psychosis/autism, spina bifida, Huntington's chorea, osteogenesis imperfecta, retitinitis pigmentosa, a. o.). This article describes the facilities, operation, financing and staff at Frambu. An outline of the course programme is given. The contents of two research projects carried out at Frambu are described. When families with rare disorders meet for the first time, new perspectives open up. Exchange of experience and feelings, establishing lay organizations, collating and distributing information to professionals and families are some of the important results of the Frambu courses. PMID- 6225741 TI - [Patients with cardiac pacemakers in the dental office]. PMID- 6225743 TI - Effects of dietary nitrite and nitrate on experimentally-induced inflammation in the rat. AB - The inflammatory reaction was studied through changes in the weights and the constituents of granulomas induced by turpentine. The investigation used young rats fed ad lib for two months with diets containing 0.1% NO2-, 0.5% NO2-, 0.5% NO3- (w/w dry food). The NO2- and NO3- were incorporated into the diet in the form of their sodium salts. One normal control group was used as well as two groups which were "iso-sodium" with the treated groups (they received 0.636 g and 4.718 g NaCl/100 g dry food). Variance analysis was used for the statistical comparison of each group with its iso-sodium control. The growth of the animals dropped very significantly on nitrite treatment at both levels but for the nitrates only the stronger dose caused growth inhibition. The fresh weight of the granulomas decreased under the influence of the various treatments whereas the weight of the thymus was lower than the controls only in rats receiving the higher dose of nitrite. This decrease in the weights of the granulomas was paralleled by that of certain hydrosoluble and insoluble constituents of the inflamed tissue--in particular the total mucopolysaccharides and the collagen- but to a lesser extent by the non-fibrillar proteins. All these variations indicate a decrease in the defence mechanisms under the action of nitrites and nitrates. Various mechanisms could be involved: competition with iodine for capture by the thyroid, the hypoxic consequences of methaemoglobinaemia general nutritional effects, metabolic action during oxidations and peroxidations in the liver, or hormonal regulation of the adrenal glands. Analysis of the results also shows that the inflammatory reaction induced is a sensitive test in alimentary toxicology since effects are visible at doses of nitrates and nitrites which do not have nutritional consequences. PMID- 6225742 TI - L-3-123I-alpha-methyltyrosine for melanoma detection: a comparative evaluation. AB - L-3-123I-alpha-methyltyrosine (IMT) was compared to [67Ga]citrate, [203Pb]Tris and [131I]iodochloroquine (ICQ) with respect to their potential as melanoma seeking radiopharmaceuticals in two tumor lines, a malignant melanotic melanoma of the Sofia type and a malignant amelanotic melanoma of the Greene-Harvey type, transplanted onto Syrian Golden hamsters. [203Pb]Tris and ICQ showed significant accumulation only in melanotic melanoma. In contrast, [67Ga]citrate and IMT accumulated in both tumor lines. [67Ga]citrate has very high tumor-to-skin, tumor to-eye, and tumor-to-blood ratios at 48 h after injection, but has low selectivity for melanoma and unfavorable physical (high gamma-energy) and biological (half-time) characteristics. IMT has a convenient gamma-energy at 159 keV and a short biological half-time. Maximum of melanoma accumulation is reached at 1-2h after application; tumor-to-tissue ratios are suitable for scintigraphy. PMID- 6225744 TI - Control of Arthus tonsillitis by the administration of an antiplasminic agent. AB - Previous reports have shown that fibrinolytic activity was increased in the circulatory blood of rabbits with Arthus tonsillitis. In this study, t-AMCHA was administered intravenously to rabbits, in order to clarify its role as an antiplasminic agent in the control of Arthus tonsillitis. First, to establish the proper method of administration of t-AMCHA and the quantity to be administered, a preliminary estimation was made of the requisite concentration of t-AMCHA in the circulating blood and tonsillar tissue. Then macroscopic observations and histopathological studies were performed on the tonsils of rabbits with Arthus tonsillitis after t-AMCHA administration at various doses. Finally, after injection of the antiplasminic agent, estimations were made of the plasma fibrinolytic activity in the blood of the rabbits under study. It was decided that administration of t-AMCHA at 3-hourly intervals could maintain a constant concentration of the substance in the tonsillar tissue. The marked hyperaemia and bleeding which were observed macroscopically and histopathologically at 1-2 days after the onset of tonsillitis, disappeared from the parenchyma of the tonsils and pharyngeal tissue surrounding the tonsils in the group receiving regular injections of t-AMCHA at 3-hourly intervals. After estimating certain parameters of the fibrinolytic system in the blood, it was found that fibrinolytic activity decreased and whole plasmin was not consumed as a result of the administration of t-AMCHA during the early stage of tonsillitis. The process of Arthus tonsillitis can thus be controlled by the administration of the antiplasminic agent. PMID- 6225745 TI - Anterior chamber-associated immune deviation induced by TNP-splenocytes (TNP ACAID). II. Suppressor T-cell networks. AB - Injection of trinitrophenyl (TNP)-modified splenocytes (TNP-Sp) into the anterior chamber (AC) of the eye results in systemic tolerance to TNP, a phenomenon termed "AC-associated immune deviation" or "TNP-ACAID". The systemic tolerance of TNP ACAID is mediated by splenic suppressor T cells (Ts) that comprise an immunoregulatory network made up of two functionally distinct subsets (Ts-I and Ts-II). Ts-I is antigen-specific and cyclophosphamide (Cy)-sensitive, and requires a Cy-sensitive auxiliary cell. Conversely, Ts-II is antigen-nonspecific and Cy-resistant, and requires a TNP-derived accessory macrophage. Suppression via Ts-II is demonstrated only when Ts-I cells are inactivated functionally by Cy. Ts-II cells are regulated by T cells isolated from splenocytes containing active Ts-I suppressors. This contrasuppressive activity is mediated by Ts-I, or perhaps by a third T-cell subpopulation. The relationship between the two suppressor pathways in TNP-ACAID is discussed. PMID- 6225746 TI - Ulceration is correlated with degradation of fibrin and fibronectin at the corneal surface. AB - Although ulceration of the corneal stroma after alkali burns is known to be correlated with persistent epithelial defects, the relationship between a defect and the mediators thought to contribute to stromal destruction (plasminogen activator, plasmin, collagenase) has not been understood. This report demonstrates that fibrin and fibronectin appear on the stromal surface after an alkali burn, and that those substratum, matrix components disappear in correlation with the appearance of plasminogen activator on the stromal surface, re-surfacing by the epithelium and a persistent epithelial defect. The facts that epithelium releases plasminogen activator and that plasmin, generated from plasminogen by an activator, can degrade both fibrin and fibronectin, as well as the laminin component of the subepithelial basement membrane, would suggest that the plasminogen activator-plasmin system effect degradation of those macromolecules, thus initiating the events that lead to eventual, frank stromal ulceration. It is hypothesized that stromal ulceration is initiated by the chronic secretion from an epithelium with a persistent defect of a protease (plasminogen activator) involved in wound healing. PMID- 6225748 TI - Patients with rheumatoid arthritis first presenting to a rheumatology unit with severe established disability. PMID- 6225747 TI - Renal artery stenosis and evaluation of the effect of endoluminal dilatation. Comparison of dynamic CT scanning and I-131-OIHA renogram. AB - Percutaneous transluminal dilatation was performed in 16 patients with hypertension and renal artery stenoses. Dynamic CT scanning and an I-131-OIHA renogram was performed before and after dilatation. After the procedure (follow up greater than or equal to 3 months) the hypertension was assessed clinically as normalized in six, improved in five, and unimproved in five patients. The attenuation difference at dynamic CT scanning between both kidneys at the time of peak enhancement following intravenous bolus injection of contrast material diminished significantly from 16 +/- 4 HU before to 7 +/- 6 HU (P = 0.015) after dilatation in the patient group with cured hypertension, whereas the relative opacification of the poststenotic kidneys increased from 43.6 +/- 2.4% to 47.4 +/ 1.7% (P = 0.014). The results of the Isotope renogram showed a similar increase of the relative function of the poststenotic kidneys from 33 +/- 5% to 38 +/- 7% (P = 0.227) and significant improvement of the clearance from 112 +/- 34 to 175 +/- 48 ml/min/1.73m2 (P = 0.040). The results of both techniques did not significantly change in the group of patients with only moderate improvement of hypertension. Deterioration of the results occurred in those patients in which the hypertension remained unchanged. PMID- 6225749 TI - Laparoscopy under local anaesthesia: our experience in 400 non-gynaecological patients. PMID- 6225750 TI - Structural and regulatory variation of phosphoglucomutase in rainbow trout. AB - The results of inheritance experiments with allozymic variants indicate that two pairs of duplicate loci encode PGM in rainbow trout. Two of the loci (Pgm-3,4) share five electromorphs and are highly polymorphic. The large number of phenotypes and instability of these isozymes make them difficult to score in population studies. The other pair of duplicate loci (Pgm1 and Pgm2) have diverged both structurally and in their patterns of tissue-specific expression. We have detected four electromorphs at Pgm2; this locus is expressed approximately equally in all tissues examined. Two electromorphs and a null allele have been detected at Pgm1. PGM1 activity is greatest in skeletal muscle, heart, and brain; only weak activity, if any, is detectable in liver, eye, stomach, and kidney. Ten percent of the trout from the Arlee strain have a greater than 100-fold increase in the expression of Pgm1 in the liver but have normal expression of this locus in other tissues. Results of genetic crosses are consistent with a single regulatory gene (Pgm1-t) with additive inheritance being responsible for the differences in liver PGM1 activity. The allele responsible for the expression PGM1 in the liver is rare in rainbow trout and is apparently a recent mutation. The presence of PGM1 liver activity has a variety of phenotypic effects that are likely to be of adaptive significance. Embryos with liver PGM1 activity develop more quickly than their full-sibs lacking activity. This difference apparently results from increased flux through glycolysis in embryos with liver PGM1 activity while they are dependent on the yolk for energy. The more rapidly developing individuals begin exogenous feeding earlier and obtain a size advantage that is maintained until sexual maturity. This size advantage also produces a tendency for earlier age of first sexual maturity. Fish with liver PGM1 activity are also more developmentally buffered, as indicated by less fluctuating asymmetry of five meristic traits. PMID- 6225751 TI - [Oral treatment of acne conglobata using 13-cis-retinoic acid. Results of the German multicentric study following 24 weeks of treatment]. AB - Results of the isotretinoin (13-cis-retinoic acid, Ro 4-3780) German Cooperative Study Group, with 198 acne conglobata patients being treated in 19 departments are reported. For the first 12 weeks (phase I) there was an open assignment to 0.2, 0.5 or 1.0 mg/kilogram bodyweight (kg bw). This was followed by further 12 weeks (phase II). If there was at least a two-third improvement of lesions, the 0.2 mg/kg bw was continued, and the 0.5 mg/kg bw dose lowered to 0.2 mg/kg bw. If there was no such improvement, the dose was elevated to 0.5 and 1.0 mg/kg bw respectively. The initial high dose group of 1.0 mg/kg bw was divided after twelve weeks into 0.2 mg/kg bw maintenance therapy, or no therapy at all. Non inflammatory and inflammatory acne lesions from the entire body were counted. Seborrhea was graded on a four scale (0 to 3+). Subjective side effects were registered. Laboratory data included hematological profile with differential counts, creatinin, SGOT, SGPT, alkaline phosphatase, total bilirubin, serum cholesterol and serum triglycerides, and urine analysis. For statistical analysis 171 patients were available, 27 dropped out of the study, mostly for reasons unrelated to the drug. At least 75 per cent improvement was seen, in the 0.2 mg/kg bw group in 73.7 and 59.5 per cent respectively; in the 0.5 mg/kg bw group in 72.5 and 61.2 per cent respectively; and in the 1.0 mg/kg bw group in 85.4 and 92 per cent respectively (phase I t12 and phase II t24 values, respectively). Sebum suppression was dose-related. Subjective side effects were fairly well dose related, particularly those of skin and mucous membranes. Myalgia was rare. There was a dose-related elevation of triglycerides and cholesterol, but not significant for the means of each group. Single patients did show significant elevation of blood lipids. All other laboratory parameters did not change significantly. Isotretinoin is presently the most effective drug to control severe forms of acne, leading to long lasting remissions. PMID- 6225752 TI - [Acneiform exanthema caused by azathioprine]. AB - An acneiform eruption due to azathioprine was demonstrated through patch-tests and through elicitation on challenge. The intrafollicular sterile inflammation with abscess formation and the direct manifestation without a sensitization period are not consistent with a normal allergic mechanism. PMID- 6225753 TI - Role of regulatory T cells on the age-related increase in mitogen-induced IgG production in vitro by human lymphocytes. PMID- 6225755 TI - Exercise protocol for patients with chronic back pain. PMID- 6225754 TI - A successive histochemical staining for succinate dehydrogenase and "reversed" ATPase in a single section for the skeletal muscle fibre typing. AB - A procedure is described which simplifies the classification of skeletal muscle fibres in that it allows a simultaneous evaluation of both the oxidative capacity and the intensity of "reversed" ATPase of the fibres, and thus enables to distinguish three fibre types - SO, FOG and FG - in one tissue section. After preincubation at pH 4.1-4.2 the cryostat section is incubated for succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) and subsequently for "reversed"-ATPase. This is followed by the fixation with neutral buffered formaldehyde. The results of typing of chicken, minipig and rabbit fibres in a single muscle section stained with this technique are identical to those obtained with the usual method based on a comparison of serial sections of which one is stained for SDH activity the other for "reversed"-ATPase activity. PMID- 6225756 TI - Vagal feedback with expiratory threshold load under extracorporeal circulation. AB - In 11 anesthetized dogs placed under extracorporeal circulation, the vagal feedback was tested by electrical stimulation of the vagus nerves with cold block of their caudal part and by passive lung hyperinflation. The apneic response to such vagal stimulation progressively disappeared during expiratory threshold load breathing but then returned to control values some minutes after the load was removed. This suppression of the inhibitory response to stimulation of the vagus nerves was usually observed when vagal afferents were intact or blocked by cold. However, it was not observed whether no evoked activity continued in expiratory muscles after the cold block, or after suppression of all proprioceptive muscular afferents after transection of the spinal cord at C6 level. These results strongly suggest that enhancement of proprioceptive inputs to the respiratory centers counteracts the vagally mediated inspiratory "off-switch" mechanisms. PMID- 6225757 TI - High-frequency ventilation lengthens expiration in the anesthetized dog. AB - We tested the response of nine barbiturate-anesthetized dogs to high-frequency ventilation (HFV) (40-55 ml tidal volumes at 15 Hz) while measuring and controlling lung volume and blood gases. When lung volume and PCO2 were held constant, six of the nine responded to HFV by lengthening expiration. In each of these six dogs the maximal response was apnea. The response was immediate. In submaximal responses only expiration was changed; inspiratory time and peak diaphragmatic electrical activity were unaffected. There was a variable effect on abdominal muscle activity. If mean expiratory lung volume was allowed to increase at the onset of HFV, the Hering-Breuer inflation reflex added to the response. The strength of the response depended on level of anesthesia and arterial PO2. Vagotomy abolished the response in all cases. We conclude that oscillation of the respiratory system reflexly prolongs expiration via mechanoreceptors, perhaps those in the lungs. PMID- 6225758 TI - Inability of continuous long-term administration of D-Nal(2)6-LHRH to abolish fertility in male rats. AB - A highly potent agonist of LHRH, [6-D-(2-naphthyl)-alanine]-LHRH, was administered chronically for 12 weeks to adult male rats by repetitive implantation of pellets, and its effects upon mating, fertility, and reproductive organ weights have been evaluated. Although significant declines in testicular (P less than 0.001) and epididymidal (P less than 0.001) weights were achieved, no effects on seminal vesicles, prostate, or pituitary weights were observed. After 12 weeks of continuous treatment, three of six agonist-treated rats were still successfully impregnating females. The decline in successful impregnation appeared to be related to the observed reduction in testicular spermatogenesis and in numbers of epididymal spermatozoa. The drug effects appeared reversible, as all six of the agonist-treated rats were fertile by the fifth week after cessation of treatment. Plasma levels of testosterone were markedly elevated immediately after implantation of each pellet and consistently, but not significantly, lowered during the inter-implantation periods. These observations, and the lack of effect on accessory organ weights, are consistent with the maintenance of libido in these treated rats. This is the second demonstration of a selective inhibition of spermatogenesis in the absence of a marked decline in gonadal steroidogenesis with this agent. As in the first demonstration using twice weekly injections, the degree of inhibition of spermatogenesis was insufficient to abolish fertility in the treated male rats. PMID- 6225759 TI - Ceftazidime in clinical practice. AB - In an open trial, the efficacy of intravenously administered ceftazidime was evaluated in 106 adult patients with urinary or respiratory tract infections, soft tissue infections, osteitis and septicaemia. The most commonly isolated pathogens were Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas spp. and Staphylococcus aureus. Of 85 organisms isolated before treatment, 79% were cleared and 15% were cleared but later relapsed often because of the underlying conditions. Clinical cure was achieved in 70%, improvement occurred in 25% of the patients and 6% failed to respond. Marked increases in serum creatinine occurred in three patients with pre existing renal impairment treated with ceftazidime in unmodified dosage. Exanthema, diarrhoea or local thrombophlebitis was noted in 13 patients. PMID- 6225760 TI - Clinical evaluation of ceftazidime in Japan. AB - Ceftazidime has been evaluated in a total of 1548 cases of infection involving medical and surgical patients. Most of the cases were treated with 1 to 2 g/day. Of the total number of assessable cases (1418), over 80% responded satisfactorily (1141). Bacterial eradication was achieved in 850 cases (81% of those assessable). The incidence of adverse events was low (2.1%) being observed in 32 cases out of 1529 that were assessable. Clinical events were mainly skin eruptions, nausea and vomiting. Laboratory abnormalities were mainly slight elevations of serum GOT, GPT, alkaline phosphatase and eosinophil counts. PMID- 6225761 TI - Ceftazidime in severe infections: a Swiss multicentre study. AB - A total of 105 patients (mean age 57, range 15 to 90) with serious infections were treated with intravenous ceftazidime, usually 2 g 8-hourly. Most patients had complicating factors such as major surgery, cancer, chronic obstructive lung disease, catheters or anatomical abnormalities. Eighty-seven infectious episodes in 77 patients could be assessed for efficacy. Bacteraemia was diagnosed in 26% of these episodes. Seventy-five per cent of infections were due to Gram-negative bacteria, Pseudomonas aeruginosa being the most frequent. The major sites of infections were the lower respiratory tract (30), the urinary tract (28), the soft tissues (9), the biliary tract (4), bones (4) and the ears (4). Overall, 67% of the patients were cured, 20% improved, 7% relapsed and 6% failed to respond. Among the 27 infections due to Ps aeruginosa, only two failures (in the same patient) and four relapses were recorded. However, in the two failures and in three other cases with persistent Ps. aeruginosa colonisation, the organism had become resistant to ceftazidime. Three failures were recorded in the seven Staphylococcus aureus infections included in this study. Superinfection occurred in four patients. Adverse events included rash (6), Clostridium difficile toxin induced diarrhoea (3), transaminase elevation (3), weakly positive Coombs test (10). Ceftazidime appears to be safe and effective for the treatment of severe Gram-negative infections, including those caused by Ps. aeruginosa. PMID- 6225762 TI - Ceftazidime in patients with Pseudomonas infections. AB - Ceftazidime was administered to 41 patients with serious infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (24 cases) and other bacteria (17 cases). The clinical response rate of pseudomonas infections (88%) was similar to that of other bacteria (94%) with microbiological eradication of 83% of initial pseudomonas isolates compared to 82% of non-pseudomonas strains. The development of resistance to ceftazidime during therapy was observed in 3 cases (Enterobacter agglomerans, Enterobacter cloacae, and Ps. aeruginosa), and superinfection by a resistant Enterobacter agglomerans occurred in one case. Adverse reactions of clinical significance included two cases of leukopenia and one case each of azotaemia, diarrhoea (Clostridium difficile toxin positive), and rash. PMID- 6225763 TI - Ceftazidime treatment in intensive care patients. AB - In the intensive care unit 39 patients were treated with ceftazidime for 52 infections (38 broncho-pulmonary infections, 4 intra-abdominal abscesses, 6 septicaemia, 3 urinary tract infections and 1 mediastinitis). All patients were ventilated mechanically. Three patients (6 infections) were not evaluable. In all cases except one, ceftazidime was administered after clinical failure of other antibiotics, including aminoglycosides. Ceftazidime was successful in 32 out of 46 evaluable infections (70%), while its success rate in infections previously treated with aminoglycosides (alone or in combination with cephalothin or cefotaxime) was 78% (21 out of 27 infections). In the higher dosage group (2000 mg tds) the drug was successful in 20 out of 23 infections compared with 12 out of 21 infections in the lower dosage group (1000 mg tds). Altogether 69 bacterial strains were cultured including 30 strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Ceftazidime was clinically successful against 49 and 25 strains, respectively (71 and 83%, respectively). Bacterial overgrowth was present in 13 patients (14 strains) with broncho-pulmonary infections, but in only 7 was a change to another antibiotic required. Elevation of liver function enzymes was recorded in 4 patients, but it was not necessary to stop ceftazidime prematurely. This drug is an effective and relatively safe agent for the treatment of serious infections caused by Gram negative bacilli including Pseudomonas aeruginosa in critically ill patients. PMID- 6225764 TI - Ceftazidime in septicaemia. AB - Thirty-five patients with mean age 70 years (range 22 to 92) with 37 proven episodes of septicaemia (26) or bacteraemia (11) were treated with a mean ceftazidime dose of 1.80 (range 1 to 2 g) bid for 12 (range 3 to 17) days. Twenty patients had underlying diseases. Escherichia coli was the most common pathogen (19/37). Of the 37 strains 36 were tested for antibiotic sensitivity and 35 were fully sensitive with MIC less than or equal to 8 mg/l (21 less than or equal to 0.12 mg/l). The remaining strain, a Staphylococcus aureus, was moderately susceptible (MIC 16 mg/l). Thirty patients (81%) were cured, six improved and one considered not evaluable. Serum concentrations were studied in 12 patients with slightly or moderately impaired renal function. They had trough and peak values ranging from less than or equal to 1.0 to 118.4 mg/l and 30 to 246.4 mg/l, respectively. In three patients the initial dose of 2 g bid had to be reduced to 1 g bid due to very high trough levels, and due to low peak value in one patient the dose was increased from 1 g to 2 g bid. Adverse reactions were mostly mild (positive Coombs' reaction, transiently raised aminotransferases or raised serum creatinine). Treatment had to be stopped in two cases due to drug fever and/or rash. Therapy with ceftazidime 2 g bid seems to be successful in Gram-negative septicaemia; however, in patients with decreased renal function serum concentrations should be determined. PMID- 6225765 TI - Clinical evaluation of ceftazidime in internal medicine in Japan. AB - A total of 424 medical patients were treated with ceftazidime: 376 were assessable for clinical efficacy and 413 for possible adverse events. The overall clinical efficacy rate was 80%. The eradication rates of initial pathogens were 82% in monomicrobial infections and 71% in polymicrobial infections. Adverse events considered to be attributable to ceftazidime were observed in 15 (3.6%) of the patients. Drug-related changes in laboratory parameters occurred in 29 patients but were always mild and transient. Ceftazidime appears to be a safe, efficacious antibiotic for treatment of infections in internal medicine. PMID- 6225766 TI - Exercise testing: dynamic assessment of dyspnea. PMID- 6225767 TI - Amputations at the ankle. PMID- 6225768 TI - Serum sickness in a child treated with cefaclor. PMID- 6225769 TI - The December 2, 1982 tornado of Saline and Pulaski counties: implications for injury prevention. PMID- 6225770 TI - Mechanism of inducer expulsion in Streptococcus pyogenes: a two-step process activated by ATP. AB - The mechanism of methyl-beta-D-thiogalactoside-phosphate (TMG-P) expulsion from Streptococcus pyogenes was studied. The expulsion elicited by glucose was not due to exchange vectorial transphosphorylation between the expelled TMG and the incoming glucose since more beta-galactoside was displaced than glucose taken up, and the stoichiometry between TMG and glucose transport was inconstant. Instead, two distinct and sequential reactions, intracellular dephosphorylation of TMG-P followed by efflux of free TMG, mediated the expulsion. This was shown by temporary accumulation of free TMG effected by competitive inhibition of its efflux and by the aid of arsenate, which arrested dephosphorylation of TMG-P but did not affect efflux of free TMG formed intracellularly before arsenate addition. The competitive inhibition of TMG efflux by its structural analogs suggests that a transport protein facilitates the expulsion. Iodoacetate or fluoride prevented TMG-P dephosphorylation and its expulsion. However, provision of ATP via the arginine deiminase pathway restored these activities in the presence of the glycolytic inhibitors and stimulated expulsion in their absence. Other amino acids tested did not promote this restoration, and canavanine or norvaline severely inhibited it. Arginine without glucose neither elicited the dephosphorylation nor evoked the expulsion of TMG-P. Ionophores or ATPase inhibitors did not prevent the expulsion as elicited by glucose or its restoration by arginine. The results suggest that activation of the dephosphorylation-expulsion mechanism occurs independently of a functional glycolytic pathway, requires ATP provision, and is possibly due to protein phosphorylation controlled by a yet unknown metabolite. The in vivo phosphorylation of a protein (approximate molecular weight - 10,000) under the conditions of expulsion was demonstrated. PMID- 6225771 TI - Microbial distribution of selenocysteine lyase. AB - We studied the distribution of selenocysteine lyase, a novel enzyme catalyzing the conversion of selenocysteine into alanine and H2Se, which we first demonstrated in various mammalian tissues (Esaki et al., J. Biol. Chem. 257:4386 4391, 1982). Enzyme activity was found in various bacteria such as Alcaligenes viscolactis and Pseudomonas alkanolytica. No significant activity was found in yeasts and fungi. Selenocysteine lyases from A. viscolactis and P. alkanolytica acted specifically on L-selenocysteine and required pyridoxal 5'-phosphate as a cofactor. PMID- 6225772 TI - Studies on the carbohydrate-protein linkage region in bovine corneal keratan sulfate. I. Isolation of linkage-region glycopeptides under mild conditions. AB - Isolation of linkage-region glycopeptides from corneal peptidokeratan sulfate was attempted under mild conditions. Peptidokeratan sulfate, which had been found in advance of the present study to contain three mannose residues per chain as a major component of the carbohydrate-protein linkage region, was digested with Pseudomonas endo-beta-galactosidase. The disaccharide-repeating chain was partially hydrolyzed, and almost all the galactose and N-acetylglucosamine residues were found in oligosaccharides of various sizes. The resulting linkage region-enriched glycopeptides were separated by gel filtration from these oligosaccharides and then fractionated by DEAE-cellulose and Dowex 50 chromatography with the guidance of the mannose content. The glycopeptides obtained were highly enriched in the linkage region and a large portion of them was free from sulfate groups, suggesting that they could be used to elucidate the structure of the linkage region. PMID- 6225773 TI - Studies on the carbohydrate-protein linkage region in bovine corneal keratan sulfate. II. Structural studies on linkage region-enriched neutral glycopeptides. AB - In order to elucidate the chemical structure of the carbohydrate-protein linkage region of bovine corneal keratan sulfate, glycopeptides which had been highly enriched in the linkage region under mild conditions were subjected to glycosidase digestion in combination with methylation analysis. After removal of the peripheral N-acetylglucosamine and galactose residues by exhaustive glycosidase digestion, the residual glycopeptide (GP-A) was found to contain 0.6 mol of fucose, 3 mol of mannose, and 2 mol of N-acetylglucosamine per mol. GP-A was then serially digested with exoglycosidases, and the released sugars and the composition of the residual glycopeptides isolated by gel filtration were analyzed by gas-liquid chromatography. Further, the dansyl derivative of GP-A was digested with endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase D and the products were analyzed to explore the location of the fucose residue. The results obtained, combined with those from methylation analysis of all the glycopeptides, revealed that the carbohydrate structure of the linkage region and its environs of corneal keratan sulfate is as follows. (Formula: See Text). PMID- 6225774 TI - Unsaturated disaccharides in the enzymatic digests of heparan sulfates. AB - High performance liquid chromatography was performed by an ion-pair reversed phase method of six standard unsaturated disaccharides derived from heparan sulfate and heparin. Separation of delta Di-GlcNAc, delta Di-GlcN(2S), delta Di GlcNAc(6S), delta Di-GlcN(2,6- or 2,2'-diS) and delta Di-GlcN(2,6,2'-triS) was achieved on a column of Jasco SC-02 with 10 mM tetrabutylammonium phosphate (pH 7.0) containing 30 or 47% methanol as a mobile phase. delta Di-GlcN(2,6-diS) and delta Di-GlcN(2,2'-diS) were separated on the same column with 35 mM triethylamine phosphate (pH 5.3). Four preparations (BL-1.0-1, BL-1.0-2, BL-1.0 3, and BL-1.25-1) separated from crude bovine lung heparan sulfate, a standard bovine lung heparan sulfate (BL-ST), bovine kidney heparan sulfate 1.0 M Fr and 1.25 M Fr (BK-1.0 and BK-1.25), and porcine kidney heparan sulfate 1.0 M Fr (PK 1.0) were digested with a mixture of heparinase, and heparitinases 1 and 2. The resulting foregoing unsaturated disaccharides in the digests were analyzed by the above HPLC procedures. The proportions of the unsaturated disaccharides in the digests of BL-1.25-1 and BL-ST were similar, but those of the others differed from each other. It is noteworthy that delta Di-GlcNAc plus delta Di-GlcNAc(6S) in the digest of BL-1.0-1 was approximately 95% of the total unsaturated disaccharides. Small amounts of delta Di-GlcN (2,6,2'-triS) were found in all the samples. It was found that delta Di-GlcN(2,2'-diS) was a prominent component in the disulfated unsaturated disaccharides from BL-1.25-1 and BK-1.25. PMID- 6225775 TI - Vinculin, a cytoskeletal substrate of protein kinase C. AB - Vinculin, a cytoskeletal protein localized at adhesion plaques, is a phosphoprotein containing phosphoserine, phosphothreonine, and phosphotyrosine. Vinculin has been previously shown to be a substrate for pp60src, a phosphotyrosine protein kinase, but the kinase(s) responsible for phosphorylation of the other amino acid residues is unknown. The present report examines the phosphorylation of vinculin by various serine- and threonine-specific protein kinases. Only protein kinase C, the calcium-activated phospholipid-dependent protein kinase, phosphorylates vinculin at a significant rate (24 nmol/min/mg) and displays marked specificity for vinculin. Both calcium and phosphatidylserine were required for vinculin phosphorylation by protein kinase C. In addition, both phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate (10 nM) and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (10 nM) stimulated vinculin phosphorylation by protein kinase C at a limiting calcium concentration (10(-6) M). Tryptic peptide analysis revealed two major sites of phosphorylation. One site contained phosphoserine and the other contained phosphothreonine. When compared with tryptic maps of vinculin phosphorylated by src kinase, no overlapping phosphorylated peptides were found. The present findings coupled with the plasma membrane location of both these proteins suggest that vinculin may be a physiologic substrate for protein kinase C. PMID- 6225776 TI - Nuclear genes coding the yeast mitochondrial adenosine triphosphatase complex. Isolation of ATP2 coding the F1-ATPase beta subunit. AB - A yeast nuclear pet mutant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae lacking any detectable mitochondrial F1-ATPase activity was genetically complemented upon transformation with a pool of wild type genomic DNA fragments carried in the yeast Escherchia coli shuttle vector YEp 13. Plasmid-dependent complementation restored both growth of the pet mutant on a nonfermentable carbon source as well as functional mitochondrial ATPase activity. Characterization of the complementing plasmid by plasmid deletion analysis indicated that the complementing gene was contained on adjoining BamH1 fragments with a combined length of 3.05 kilobases. Gel analysis of the product of this DNA by in vitro translation in a rabbit reticulocyte lysate programmed with yeast mRNA hybrid selected by the plasmid revealed a product which could be immunoprecipitated by antisera against the beta subunit of the yeast mitochondrial ATPase complex. A comparison of the protein sequence derived from partial DNA sequence analysis indicated that the beta subunit of the yeast mitochondrial ATPase complex exhibits greater than 70% conservation of protein sequence when compared to the same subunit from the ATPase of E. coli, beef heart, and chloroplast. The gene coding the beta subunit (subunit 2) of yeast mitochondrial adenosine triphosphatase is designated ATP2. The utilization of cloned nuclear structural genes of mitochondrial proteins for the analysis of the post-translational targeting and import events in organelle assembly is discussed. PMID- 6225777 TI - Proteoheparan sulfate from human skin fibroblasts. Isolation and structural characterization. AB - Fibroblasts in culture were incubated with [35S]sulfate/[3H]glucosamine or [35S]sulfate/[3H]leucine. Proteoglycans were isolated from the medium and a 4 M guanidinium chloride extract of the cell layer or from a trypsin digest of the cells and an extract of the cell residue. Proteoglycans were isolated by density gradient centrifugation, gel permeation, and ion exchange chromatography after digesting contaminating proteogalactosaminoglycans with chondroitinase ABC. Gel chromatography suggests that the cell-derived protoheparan sulfate had an Mr = 350,000 whereas the trypsin-released and the medium-derived counterparts both had an Mr = 140,000. Reduction and alkylation of the cell-derived proteoglycan gave rise to a component with Mr = 140,000, whilst the medium-derived form was not affected. Degradation of cell-associated proteoheparan sulfate by trypsin followed by papain or alkali suggest that the core protein consists of three types of regions, heparan sulfate-containing regions of Mr = 140,000, oligosaccharide-containing regions, and nonglycosylated peptide regions containing most of the [3H]leucine. The heparan sulfates of the cell- and medium derived proteoglycans were similar in size distribution and charge density and with regard to the proportions and arrangements of various building blocks. PMID- 6225778 TI - Reduced synthesis of basement membrane heparan sulfate proteoglycan in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. AB - In diabetes, certain basement membranes become thicker yet more porous than normal. To identify possible changes in the basement membrane, we have grown the Engelbreth-Holm-Swarm tumor, a tissue that produces quantities of basement membrane in normal mice and in streptozotocin-treated, insulin-deficient, diabetic mice. The level of laminin, a basement membrane-specific glycoprotein, and the level of total protein were slightly elevated in the diabetic tissue. In contrast, the level of the basement membrane specific heparan sulfate proteoglycan was only 20% of control. The synthesis of this proteoglycan was also reduced in the diabetic animals, while the synthesis of other proteoglycans by tissues such as cartilage was normal. The synthesis of the heparan sulfate proteoglycan in diabetic animals was inversely related to plasma glucose levels showing an abrupt decrease above the normal range of plasma glucose. Insulin restored synthesis to normal but this required doses of insulin that maintained plasma glucose at normal levels for several hours. Since the heparan sulfate proteoglycan in the basement membrane restricts passage of proteins, its absence could account for the increased porosity of basement membrane in diabetes. A compensatory synthesis of other components could lead to their increased deposition and the accumulation of basement membrane in diabetes. PMID- 6225779 TI - Quinacrine mustard inactivates the bovine heart mitochondrial F1-ATPase with the modification of the beta subunit. AB - The bovine mitochondrial F1-ATPase is reversibly inhibited by quinacrine. The concentration of quinacrine which causes 50% inhibition at pH 7.0 is estimated to be 580 microM. Lineweaver-Burk plots constructed from kinetic data collected at pH 7.0 with equimolar concentrations of Mg2+ and ATP in the reaction mixtures indicate competitive inhibition by quinacrine. Uncompetitive inhibition by quinacrine is indicated by Lineweaver-Burk plots constructed from kinetic data obtained at pH 7.0 with variable ATP concentrations and a constant Mg2+ concentration of 3.0 mM. A KI of 440 microM was calculated from a replot of 1/Vmaxi versus quinacrine concentration using the intercepts of the Lineweaver Burk plots constructed from the data obtained at a fixed concentration of 3.0 mM Mg2+. Quinacrine mustard is a potent inactivator of the F1-ATPase. The pseudo first order rate constant, k1, for the inactivation of the enzyme by 500 microM quinacrine mustard is 0.161 min-1 at pH 7.0 and 23 degrees C. Under the same conditions in the presence of 5.0 mM ATP, 5.0 mM ADP, or 5.0 mM Mg2+ plus 5.0 mM ADP, k1 is, respectively: 0.082 min-1, 0.136 min-1, or 0.075 min-1. In the presence of 1.0 mM chlorpromazine or 5.0 mM quinacrine under the above conditions, k1, is 0.089 min-1 and 0.037 min-1, respectively. Free Mg2+ has no effect on the rate of inactivation of the enzyme by quinacrine mustard. The rate of inactivation of the F1-ATPase by quinacrine mustard as a function of pH revealed an apparent pK alpha of 8.0. Examination of the resolved subunits for fluorescence after inactivating the enzyme with quinacrine mustard demonstrated that only the beta subunit was labeled. PMID- 6225780 TI - Stoichiometric uptake of molecular oxygen and consumption of sulfhydryl groups by neocarzinostatin chromophore bound to DNA. AB - In the presence of DNA, and under conditions which resulted in efficient DNA degradation, the reaction of the neocarzinostatin chromophore with sulfhydryl groups was accompanied by a rapid drop in the oxygen tension of the solution. The total extent of oxygen uptake indicated that, consistently, 1 mol of O2 was consumed/mol of chromophore. The rate of oxygen uptake, however, was strongly dependent on the sulfhydryl concentration, and uptake occurred within a few seconds of the sulfhydryl-induced increase in 420-nm fluorescence of the chromophore. Parallel experiments, in which the sulfhydryl concentration of the solution was monitored, showed that approximately 2 mol of sulfhydryl groups were consumed/mol of chromophore, with kinetics similar to those of O2 uptake. Under anaerobic conditions, only 1 mol of sulfhydryl was consumed, but the sulfhydryl induced fluorescence increase was not inhibited. These results suggest that (i) a reaction with a single sulfhydryl group converts the chromophore to an activated form, (ii) in the presence of DNA this activated chromophore participates in a subsequent reaction which consumes 1 mol of O2 followed by an additional mole of sulfhydryl, and (iii) each chromophore molecule undergoes only one such reaction cycle. In the absence of sulfhydryl groups, the chromophore slowly degraded, giving a product with intense 490-nm fluorescence. This spontaneous degradation reaction, which does not result in DNA damage, was also accompanied by uptake of nearly 1 mol of O2/mol of chromophore. PMID- 6225781 TI - The regulation of ATPase-ATPase interactions in sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane. I. The effects of Ca2+, ATP, and inorganic phosphate. AB - Two-dimensional crystalline arrays of Ca2+-ATPase molecules develop after treatment of sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles with Na3VO4 in calcium-free medium (Dux, L., and Martonosi, A. (1983) J. Biol. Chem. 258, 2599-2603). The formation of Ca2+-ATPase crystals is inhibited by Ca2+ (2 microM), or ATP (5 mM), but not by ADP, 5'-adenylylimidodiphosphate, or adenylylmethylenediphosphonate. ATPase crystals did not form at 37 degrees C and exposure of preformed crystals to 37 degrees C for 1 h caused the disappearance of crystal lattice. Inorganic orthophosphate (1 mM at pH 6.0) promoted the formation of a distinct crystal form of Ca2+-ATPase, which was different from that produced by Na3VO4. These observations indicate that Ca2+, ATP, inorganic phosphate, pH, and temperature influence the interactions between ATPase molecules in the sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane. PMID- 6225782 TI - The regulation of ATPase-ATPase interactions in sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane. II. The influence of membrane potential. AB - Na3VO4 promotes the crystallization of Ca2+-ATPase in sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles. The rate of vanadate-induced crystallization is dramatically increased by inside positive membrane potential generated through ion substitution. Negative potential caused the transient disruption of preformed Ca2+-ATPase crystals, followed by slower reappearance of the lattice after the potential was dissipated. We propose that positive transmembrane potential alters the conformation of the Ca2+-ATPase molecules in a manner that favors ATPase-ATPase interactions, while negative potential would have the opposite effect. Changes in enzyme conformation caused by potential changes during the contraction-relaxation cycle could regulate ATPase interactions in a similar manner in vivo, with effects upon the Ca2+ transport activity and permeability of the sarcoplasmic reticulum. PMID- 6225783 TI - Determination of the oligomeric structure of the Ca2+ pump protein in canine cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum membranes using radiation inactivation analysis. AB - The size of the Ca2+ pump protein in canine cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) membranes was determined using target theory analysis of radiation-inactivation data. Samples of cardiac SR were irradiated in the frozen state with increasing doses of high energy electrons from a Van de Graaff accelerator. The loss of Ca2+ dependent ATPase activity and of ATP-dependent, oxalate-facilitated Ca2+ uptake (loading) with increasing irradiation dosage paralleled one another. Also, the loss of staining intensity of the predominant polypeptide (Mr = 110,000) in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis correlated with the loss of ATPase and loading activities. The target size by all three measurements varied between 213,000 and 229,000 Da. We conclude that the Ca2+ pump protein in canine cardiac SR is a dimer. PMID- 6225784 TI - Isolation and characterization of proteoheparan sulfate synthesized in vitro by rat glomeruli. AB - Glomeruli isolated from rat kidney were incubated with [14C]glucosamine and [35S]sulfate. Linear incorporation of [14C]glucosamine into total glycosaminoglycans was observed during incubation up to 24 h. More than 95% of the 35S-labeled sulfated glycoconjugates were extracted from the tissue with 4 M guanidine HCl, 50 mM sodium acetate, pH 6.0, and 0.5% Triton X-100, and separated clearly on DEAE-Sephacel into three major fractions, i.e. sulfated glycoprotein (11% of the total radioactivity), proteoheparan sulfate (33%), and proteochondroitin sulfate (38%) fractions. The molecular weight of the 35S labeled proteoheparan sulfate thus isolated was estimated to be about 185,000, whereas that released into the medium was estimated to be about 87,000. When the 35S-labeled heparan sulfate isolated on Sephadex G-75 after mild alkaline borohydride treatment was digested with a combination of heparitinase and heparinase, approximately 70% of the radioactivity was converted to 2-acetamido-2 deoxy-4-O-(alpha-D-gluco-4-enepyranosyluronic acid)-6-O-sulfo-D- glucose. PMID- 6225785 TI - Golgi membranes contain an electrogenic H+ pump in parallel to a chloride conductance. AB - Rat liver Golgi vesicles were isolated by differential and density gradient centrifugation. A fraction enriched in galactosyl transferase and depleted in plasma membrane, mitochondrial, endoplasmic reticulum, and lysosomal markers was found to contain an ATP-dependent H+ pump. This proton pump was not inhibited by oligomycin but was sensitive to N-ethyl maleimide, which distinguishes it from the F0-F1 ATPase of mitochondria. GTP did not induce transport, unlike the lysosomal H+ pump. The pump was not dependent on the presence of potassium nor was it inhibited by vanadate, two of the characteristics of the gastric H+ ATPase. Addition of ATP generated a membrane potential that drove chloride uptake into the vesicles, suggesting that Golgi membranes contain a chloride conductance in parallel to an electrogenic proton pump. These results demonstrate that Golgi vesicles can form a pH difference and a membrane potential through the action of an electrogenic proton translocating ATPase. PMID- 6225787 TI - The nature of conditioning nutrients for human malignant melanoma cultures. AB - From a human melanoma line (MM96), showing some dependence of its rate of growth and cell attachment on serum concentration, sublines were selected for even greater dependence on serum factors. These sublines were used to identify the production of substances by other melanoma cells in culture that would supplement or replace the requirement for serum. Most of the sublines showed higher colony forming efficiency in medium conditioned by one of several cell types in the presence of a low concentration of serum (2.5%) compared with fresh medium containing a high concentration of serum (10%). The conditioning factor(s) were found to be moderately heat-stable, nonlipophilic, and to be of low molecular weight (less than or greater than 400). Screening of a variety of non-essential low molecular weight nutrients, which have been reported to potentiate the growth of a variety of cell types in low-density culture, was positive for the MM96 sublines only for pyruvate. In particular, L-alanine, L-serine, putrescine and alpha MSH (melanocyte-stimulating hormone) were ineffective. Despite the problems of comparing conditioned media with fresh medium, a reasonable correlation between the stimulatory effect and the cell content of added 2-oxocarboxylates was apparent. As would be anticipated, MM96 cultures showed a population density dependent enhancement of growth up to a cell density of 2 to 4 x 10(4) cells cm 2. Further increase in the initial cell density of these cultures led to a decline in growth rate. An important additional observation was that simple dilution of the ingredients of RPMI1640 with phosphate-buffered saline or Hanks' balanced salt solution led to a reversal of growth inhibition accompanying a serum shift-down. PMID- 6225786 TI - Changes in the basement membrane zone components during skeletal muscle fiber degeneration and regeneration. AB - The basement membrane of skeletal muscle fibers is believed to persist unchanged during myofiber degeneration and act as a tubular structure within which the regeneration of new myofibers occurs. In the present study we describe macromolecular changes in the basement membrane zone during muscle degeneration and regeneration, as monitored by immunofluorescence using specific antibodies against types IV and V collagen, laminin, and heparan sulfate proteoglycan and by the binding of concanavalin A (Con A). Skeletal muscle regeneration was induced by autotransplantation of the extensor digitorum longus muscle in rats. After this procedure, the myofibers degenerate; this is followed by myosatellite cell activation, proliferation, and fusion, resulting in the formation of new myotubes that mature into myofibers. In normal muscle, the distribution of types IV and V collagen, laminin, heparan sulfate proteoglycan, and Con A binding was seen in the pericellular basement membrane region. In autotransplanted muscle, the various components of the basement membrane zone disappeared, leaving behind some unidentifiable component that still bound Con A. Around the regenerated myotubes a new basement membrane (zone) reappeared, which persisted during maturation of the regenerating muscle. The distribution of various basement membrane components in the regenerated myofibers was similar to that seen in the normal muscle. Based on our present and previous study (Gulati, A.K., A.H. Reddi, and A.A. Zalewski, 1982, Anat. Rec. 204:175-183), it appears that some of the original basement membrane zone components disappear during myofiber degeneration and initial regeneration. As a new basement membrane develops, its components reappear and persist in the mature myofibers. We conclude that skeletal muscle fiber basement membrane (zone) is not a static structure as previously thought, but rather that its components change quite rapidly during myofiber degeneration and regeneration. PMID- 6225789 TI - Effects of criteria and checklists on reliability in preclinical evaluation. AB - This study sought to expand and clarify research on intra- and interexaminer reliability in preclinical pedodontic grading. Six examiners graded 30 dentoform preparations using three different evaluation methods in a design that controlled the effects of order. The three methods were global (glance and grade), checklist with criteria (analytical), and checklist only. No method resulted in superior intra- or interexaminer reliability. The three evaluation methods can be easily adapted or replicated by other clinical disciplines, and the research design offers a model for similar studies in other preclinical and clinical dental settings. PMID- 6225788 TI - New aspects of naturally occurring proteases in bovine milk. AB - The scientific literature on milk proteases, along with recent findings in the author's laboratory, are summarized and reviewed comprehensively. Emphasis is on detection of proteolytic enzymes and their activity, purification and kinetic characterization of the isolated enzymes, and technological problems associated with proteolytic enzymes in milk and milk products. Two serine proteinases isolated from milk are compared with plasmin of bovine blood serum. Results from these comparisons strongly suggest that milk proteinase I and plasmin are identical. Proteolysis studies with cold stored milk indicate a direct relationship between gamma-casein formation and milk proteinase association with casein micelles. PMID- 6225791 TI - Treatment of ectasias. PMID- 6225790 TI - Effect of extramural experiences on dental students' attitudes. AB - This study was designed to determine the effect of a set of community dentistry extramural experiences on student attitudes. The experiences involved one or more of four underserved or special populations: the mentally retarded, the mentally ill, correctional center inmates, and indigent children. Comparison of student responses to attitude questionnaires before and after the extramural experiences showed both positive and negative changes in attitude. PMID- 6225793 TI - [Peroxisomes--83]. PMID- 6225792 TI - [Transfer of 3H-aldosterone from the cytosol receptors of the kidney tubule cells of rats to the nuclear ones in reflex and denervation dystrophies of this organ]. PMID- 6225794 TI - Differential effects of intact subunits and nicked fragments of concanavalin A on immune functions in vitro and in vivo. PMID- 6225795 TI - A comparison of the neonatal tolerance-inducing capacities of H-2 class I and class II antigens. AB - We have investigated the abilities of murine major histocompatibility complex encoded antigens to induce in vitro hyporeactivity of T lymphocytes when these antigens are injected neonatally. Class I molecules, presented on F1 donor cells having an H-2 K or D region difference from recipients, can readily induce tolerogen-specific cytotoxic T cell hyporeactivity; as few as 1 X 10(6) neonatally injected donor cells suffice. In contrast, class II molecules, presented on F1 donor cells having an H-2 I region difference from recipients, can induce tolerogen-specific helper T cell hyporeactivity only when at least 1 X 10(7) neonatally injected donor cells are used, and then only in some of these recipients. Results from another in vitro assay system, taken in conjunction with these data, indicate that the molecular class of the tolerizing disparity, rather than the effector function of the responding cell type assayed, may be the most important factor in controlling the ease with which neonatally induced alloantigen tolerance can be achieved. In each type of tolerance described here, the hyporeactivity seen is antigen specific, in its induction and its expression; the implications of this fact for considerations of possible mechanisms of tolerance maintenance are discussed. PMID- 6225796 TI - The cellular mechanism of maintenance of neonatally induced tolerance to H-2 class I antigens. AB - We used limiting dilution analysis protocols to investigate the mechanism by which in vitro cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) hyporeactivity is maintained in adult mice that had been neonatally tolerized to major histocompatibility complex encoded antigens. Class I molecules, presented on donor cells having an H-2 K or D region haplotype difference from recipients, readily induce tolerogen-specific CTL hyporeactivity. All attempts to identify any in vitro effects of active suppressive cells operative in the maintenance of this hyporeactivity have been unsuccessful. We conclude that this cytotoxic deficiency is the consequence of in vivo mediated clonal inactivation of the precursors of tolerogen-specific CTL. A presentation and evaluation of the assumptions inherent in this conclusion are made. In contrast to class I molecules, class II molecules, presented on donor cells having an H-2 I region haplotype difference from recipients, are unable to induce tolerogen-specific CTL hyporeactivity, even when injected neonatally at high doses. This inability of class II molecules to induce CTL tolerance parallels the considerable difficulty of inducing helper T lymphocyte tolerance to class II molecules. PMID- 6225797 TI - Accessory cells in immune suppression. I. Role of I-A+ accessory cells in effector phase idiotype-specific suppression of myeloma function. AB - The suppression of MOPC 315 myeloma cells by idiotype-specific effector Ts requires the presence of non-immune AC. This requirement was demonstrated in cultures where myeloma targets and Ts were separated by cell-impermeable membranes or were in direct contact. The AC were adherent, radioresistant, and present in peritoneal exudates and in FcR+ as well as FcR- fractions of low density splenocytes; they bore cell surface I-A determinants and did not have to be H-2 compatible with myeloma cells and Ts. These studies demonstrate a novel role for Ia+ AC in immune regulation, and suggest that their accessory function may involve processing of T lymphocyte-derived suppressor factors or presentation of such factors to target cells. PMID- 6225798 TI - Delineation of suppressor and helper activity within the OKT4-defined T lymphocyte subset in human newborns. AB - Lymphocytes taken from the cord blood of newborns have active suppressor activity. Using in vitro PWM-stimulated cocultures, unfractionated T cells from newborns potently suppressed the expected immunoglobulin G (IgG) synthesis of their mothers' peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL). Using positive and negative selection techniques, we characterized the active suppressor cell as expressing the OKT4+T8- phenotype. This cord blood lymphocyte subset suppressed maternal IgG synthesis after depletion of maternal suppressor cells, implicating the ability of newborn T cells to suppress directly rather than by inducing adult suppressor activity. Sublethal amounts (1500 rad) of gamma-irradiation fully abrogated the suppressor activity of cord blood T lymphocytes. Radioresistant cord T cells provided T cell help. Irradiation of cord OKT4+ and OKT8+ populations and their subsequent culture with maternal B cells determined that helper activity was a radioresistant subpopulation of the OKT4+ subset. These results indicate significant differences in the functional properties of T cell subsets from adults and newborns. Population studies determined that cord blood lymphocytes had a greater proportion of OKT4+ cells and lower proportion of OKT8+ cells than PBL from unrelated adults. The mothers tested had similar proportions of OKT4+ cells as their babies, and these levels are significantly higher than those of unrelated adults. PMID- 6225799 TI - Subpopulations of human natural killer cells defined by expression of the Leu-7 (HNK-1) and Leu-11 (NK-15) antigens. AB - The functional and phenotypic characteristics of cells in human peripheral blood that mediate "natural killer" (NK) cytolysis have been examined with the use of multiparameter flow cytometry analysis and cell sorting. Essentially, all lymphocytes expressing NK and ADCC activity reacted with the anti-Leu-11a monoclonal antibody. The Leu-11a antigen was expressed on cytotoxic large granular lymphocytes (LGL), neutrophils, and basophils, but was not present on B cells, mitogen-activated T lymphoblasts, or Leu-1+ and Leu 4+ resting T cells. Anti-Leu-11a antibody selectively inhibited the binding of FITC heat-aggregated IgG complexes to granulocytes and LGL, and it may recognize a type of Fc receptor on these cells. Two-color FACS cell sorting indicated the existence of four lymphocyte subsets defined by the expression of Leu-11a and Leu-7 antigens. The Leu-11a+, -7- cells were highly active in 4-hr NK assays with the use of 51Cr labeled K562 as the target. In contrast, the Leu-11a-, -7+ cells demonstrated weak activity and the Leu-11a-, -7- cells demonstrated no activity. The function of the Leu 11a+, -7+ cells varied considerably among several individuals examined. Multiparameter analysis with the use of two-color flow cytometry was used to determine the relationship between the expression of these NK-associated antigens and T and B cell-associated markers. These data indicate that considerable heterogeneity exists within human peripheral lymphocytes with regard to cell phenotype and function, but that several defined cellular subsets can be clearly revealed by using multiparameter FACS analysis and sorting. PMID- 6225800 TI - C3b deposition during activation of the alternative complement pathway and the effect of deposition on the activating surface. AB - Examination of C3b deposition on the surface of activators during alternative pathway activation revealed three temporal phases: a lag phase, an amplification phase, and a heretofore uncharacterized plateau phase. During the plateau phase no C3b deposition appeared to occur even in the presence of an excess of alternative pathway components. Double label experiments, however, revealed that the plateau was a steady state between continued C3b deposition and release of C3b or C3bi from the activator. Under conditions of excess complement it was found that deposition of increasing numbers of C3b molecules caused a gradual increase in the ability of Factors H and I to inactivate newly deposited C3b; i.e., the deposited C3b converted the activator into a nonactivator. The data indicate that the surface of rabbit erythrocytes is rendered completely nonactivating when 2.4 X 10(6) molecules of C3b plus C3bi are bound per cell. The plateau of C3b deposition appears to represent the maximum steady state level maintainable by a given concentration of complement components, and it also reflects conversion of an activating surface to one resembling a nonactivator. PMID- 6225801 TI - Spleen cell-mediated suppression of IgG production to a non-parasite antigen during chronic Trypanosoma cruzi infection in mice. AB - Splenic plaque-forming cell (PFC) responses to TNP-BGG (thymus-dependent) and TNP Ficoll (thymus-independent) were measured during acute and chronic T. cruzi infections produced in C57BL/10 mice. The number of anti-TNP PFC to both antigens was suppressed as has been shown. Approximately 40% of untreated mice survived acute disease to enter chronic T. cruzi infection characterized by a decrease in parasitemia, a reduction in spleen size, a return to normal of the IgM responses to TNP-BGG and TNP-Ficoll, persistant polyclonal activation, and continued suppression of the IgG responses to TNP-BGG. Mice that were drug-treated during the acute disease had high survival rates and similar immune response patterns, ie., suppressed IgG PFC responses to TNP-BGG and normal IgM PFC responses to TNP BGG and TNP-Ficoll. The selective suppression of the IgG response was transferred to nonirradiated syngeneic recipients by Thy-1.2-positive cells present in the spleens of chronically infected mice. These observations may be interpreted to suggest the persistence of nonspecific suppressor T cells during chronic T. cruzi infections. PMID- 6225802 TI - Distribution and modulation of a human leukemia-associated antigen (CALLA). AB - CALLA is a 100,000-dalton surface glycoprotein expressed by malignant cells of patients with clinically important subtypes of acute leukemia. Incubation of human leukemic cells expressing CALLA with specific monoclonal antibody (J5) at 37 degrees C causes rapid and selective internalization and degradation of this antigen (antigenic modulation). In these studies we show that CALLA-specific monoclonal antibodies also identify a cell surface glycoprotein having a m. w. of approximately 100,000 on 2 to 6% of nonmyeloid nucleated cells of normal adult bone marrow, on normal fibroblasts in tissue culture, and on cells of several nonhematopoietic human tumor cell lines. J5 antibody similarly modulates the surface expression of CALLA on nonleukemic cell populations, although the extent of modulation at a given concentration of antibody varied considerably. Modulation was almost complete for CALLA on cells of normal bone marrow, but was highly variable for cells of nonhematopoietic cell lines, possibly reflecting variability in antibody access to surface antigen. Using fluoresceinated or iodinated J5 antibody to modulate expression of CALLA on cells of leukemic cell lines, we show that antibody-antigen complexes undergo a temperature-dependent redistribution on the cell surface during modulation to form microaggregates. Antibody as well as antigen is then internalized. Studies of [35S]methionine labeled cells indicate that synthesis of CALLA continues despite modulation of its surface expression by specific antibody, implying that the presence of CALLA on the cell surface reflects a dynamic equilibrium between the processes of surface expression of newly synthesized glycoprotein and its spontaneous and antibody-mediated clearance. The implications of these observations for immunotherapy are discussed. PMID- 6225803 TI - In vitro interaction with antigen suppresses the differentiation of chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells secreting monoclonal anti-sheep red blood cell antibody. AB - Leukemic B cells from a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia had membrane bound IgM that reacted against a sheep red blood cell (SRBC) antigen. A small proportion of these cells was able to differentiate into anti-SRBC hemolytic plaque-forming cells when cultured in vitro in the absence of polyclonal stimulators. The addition of pokeweed mitogen or of x-irradiated allogeneic T cells further enhanced their differentiation. The addition of antigen (SRBC) to unstimulated cultures of the patient's mononuclear cells suppressed the anti-SRBC antibody production. Marked suppression was induced by concentrations of SRBC that were found to stimulate anti-SRBC antibody production optimally by normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Two lines of evidence suggest this inhibition was not due to the activation of suppressor cells. First, depletion of T cells with the phenotype reported to be associated with suppressor cells, namely OKT8+ cells, did not prevent suppression. Secondly, the patient's mononuclear cells pulsed with SRBC did not suppress anti-SRBC antibody production by untreated autologous cells in co-culture. These findings suggest that leukemic cells were inhibited by the direct interaction with antigen. This suppression might be the result of intrinsic abnormalities of leukemic B cells. Alternatively, it could be the reflection of a tolerogenic response to antigen stimulation displayed by the patient's leukemic cells, which have a surface phenotype, IgM+D-, that is comparable to that of immature normal B cells. PMID- 6225804 TI - Circulating Sezary cells in the diagnosis of Sezary syndrome (quantitative and morphometric analyses). AB - Plastic-embedded circulating Sezary cells were examined in semithin and thin sections (assisted by the nuclear contour index-NCI). Eight cases of Sezary syndrome were analyzed as well as 11 controls (3 cases of widespread eczemas and 8 cases of erythroderma), 7 cases of mycosis fungoides, and 3 healthy individuals. Discriminating criteria between Sezary syndrome and benign diseases were sought: in addition to Sezary cells (NCI greater than 6.5) intermediate lymphocytes (5.0 less than NCI less than or equal to 6.5) proved to be helpful. Cases with Sezary syndrome were clearly differentiated when the following 3 ultrastructural criteria were fulfilled: (1) Sezary cells (SC) greater than 9%; (2) intermediate lymphocytes (IL) greater than 20%; (3) the sum of SC and IL greater than 37%. A good correlation between thin and semithin sections was obtained (correlation coefficient for Sezary cells r = 0.82). Usually the values of SC were slightly higher on thin sections. The diagnosis of SS can be made on semithin sections when the ultrastructural criteria are fulfilled. In this way 8 of 12 samples of Sezary syndrome were correctly classified. Therefore, semithin sections (studied by light microscopy) are recommended as a routine method in the diagnosis of cases suspected of Sezary syndrome, whereas thin sections (studied by electron microscopy) appeared to be necessary in problem cases only. PMID- 6225805 TI - Specific immunologic tolerance to dinitrofluorobenzene following topical application of dinitrothiocyanobenzene: modulation by suppressor T cells. AB - In order to determine the mechanism(s) involved in the induction of immunologic tolerance for contact sensitivity via the topical application of a chemical that sensitizes if given with adjuvant, we utilized the hapten dinitrothiocyanobenzene (DNTB). Specific immunologic tolerance to dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB) was induced in mice by the topical application of DNTB 7 days before sensitization to DNFB. The tolerance could be abrogated if cyclophosphamide (200 mg/kg) was given 3 days before attempted sensitization. Using passive transfer studies we found that DNTB induced hapten-specific Lyt 1+2- suppressor T cells. These suppressor cells prevented the induction of contact sensitivity but did not affect its expression. Lymphocyte proliferation studies, using haptenated epidermal cells as antigen, indicate that lymph node cells obtained 5 days after DNFB sensitization are far less responsive if the mice have received DNTB epicutaneously 7 days before the DNFB. Binding studies demonstrated that DNTB bound to epidermal cells at least as well as did DNFB. It is postulated that DNTB induction of suppressor cells is related to the physicochemical interaction between the hapten and antigen presenting cells in skin. PMID- 6225806 TI - The effects of high-dose UV exposure on murine Langerhans cell function at exposed and unexposed sites as assessed using in vivo and in vitro assays. AB - Exposure of mice to a single large dose of UV radiation leads to a systemic inability of these mice to develop effective contact hypersensitivity (CS) responses to epicutaneously applied dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB). Although this effect requires time to develop when unirradiated skin sites are used for CS sensitization, it is observed immediately at the site of UV exposure. Unirradiated skin sites on mice exposed to a single large dose of UV radiation 3 days previously were found to contain histochemically detectable ATPase+ cells with normal morphology and in normal densities, and yet CS responses were not induced to DNFB applied to these sites. Epidermal cells (EC) obtained from these skin sites were found to be capable of providing accessory cell (AC) function in in vitro T-cell proliferation assays that was qualitatively similar to EC obtained from unirradiated mice, thus indicating that exposure of mice to a single large dose of UV radiation does not induce a systemic AC dysfunction. Indeed, increased levels of AC activity were obtained in EC prepared from the UV irradiated skin sites on the third day following UV exposure. This latter effect may be due to an influx of inflammatory cells into the irradiated site in response to the tissue damage caused by the UV radiation. We hypothesize that the inflammatory response induced by the cytodestructive effects of the UV treatment may play a central role in the generation of the systemic suppression of induction of CS responses, perhaps through the induction of acute-phase proteins. PMID- 6225807 TI - Immunogenicity of hepatitis B virus vaccine in healthy Chinese neonates. AB - The immunogenicity of hepatitis B virus vaccine was studied in 38 Chinese neonates, 23 of whom were healthy and susceptible and 15 of whom had passive serum antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs). Initially, each infant received two 20-micrograms doses of vaccine by the intramuscular route, with a one-month interval between doses. No adverse reactions occurred, and all susceptible neonates had a brisk antibody response that was comparable to that in older infants and children and superior to that in adults. The first dose of vaccine stimulated the production of anti-HBs within one month in 48% of the neonates. Anti-HBs was detectable in the serum of 91% of the vaccinees at the age of three months--that is, two months after the second dose. By the age of six months, 96% of vaccinees had detectable anti-HBs in their serum. All vaccinees developed anti-HBs after a third dose was administered at the age of seven months. High levels of anti-HBs were sustained after vaccination in infants who initially had passive antibodies. PMID- 6225808 TI - Effectiveness of aztreonam, a new monobactam antibiotic, against penicillin resistant gonococci. AB - Since the recognition of penicillinase-producing strains of N gonorrhoeae (PPNG) in 1976, these organisms have attained a worldwide distribution. The treatment of choice for infection due to PPNG has generally been spectinomycin administered im. In 1981, however, an infection from California was reported to be due to a strain of PPNG that was also resistant to spectinomycin (MIC, greater than 2,048 micrograms/ml) [1]. Throughout 1982, seven such isolates were reported worldwide [2], and in January 1983 an epidemiologically linked series of 27 cases of infection due to spectinomycin-resistant PPNG occurred in Korea. Because of the apparent declining utility of spectinomycin, we studied the efficacy and safety of aztreonam, a synthetic monobactam antibiotic from the Squibb Institute for Medical Research (Princeton, NJ) [3], in the treatment of acute uncomplicated gonococcal urethritis in men. Men with gonococcal urethritis were randomly treated with either 1 g of aztreonam or 2 g of spectinomycin im. Of the 112 men so treated, 93 could ultimately be evaluated: 51 who received aztreonam and 42 who received spectinomycin. Both drugs were 100% effective in the treatment of urethritis produced by both penicillin-sensitive and penicillin-resistant strains of gonococci. Furthermore, there were no reported side effects in either group and no laboratory abnormalities attributable to the aztreonam, with the exception of one patient with a minimally elevated level of serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase and alkaline phosphatase levels were normal).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6225809 TI - Effect of clioquinol, an 8-hydroxyquinoline derivative, on rotavirus infection in mice. AB - Rotavirus particles are unique in their configuration. They have a double-shelled protein capsid, inside which are the viral RNA fragments and a viral polymerase. The outer shell is involved in the infectivity of the virus particle; without it the particle is not infective. At the cellular level during the infection process, this outer shell is made permeable by an unknown mechanism. This makes the RNA polymerase within the particle accessible to precursors of new RNA. Transcription begins, and progeny virus RNA and protein soon accumulate in the cell. In vitro studies show that chelators such as EDTA and EGTA may be used to make the virion permeable, allowing the measurement of viral RNA polymerase activity. These chelators remove divalent cations such as Ca++ from the virus particle, thereby altering the outer shell of the virus [2]. We were interested in measuring the effect on rotavirus of chelators that have been used to treat diarrheal disease, such as clioquinol, an 8-hydroxyquinoline derivative and the principal ingredient of Entero-Vioform (Ciba Pharmaceutical Co, Summit, NJ). Seven of 10 three-day-old Icr white mice simultaneously inoculated with EDIM and administered a single dose of clioquinol developed diarrhea 48 hr after inoculation, although none had displayed diarrhea at 24 hr. These mice, therefore, developed diarrhea 24 hr later than six of eight untreated animals (P = 0.004 at 24 hr by Fisher's exact test). Moreover, no animals receiving doses of clioquinol every 12 hr had developed diarrhea by 48 hr after inoculation (P = 0.006 at 24 hr and P = 0.0001 at 48 hr, compared to untreated mice).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6225810 TI - [Studies of ATP-utilizing enzymes using Cr-ATP and Co-ATP complexes as substrate analogues]. PMID- 6225811 TI - [Pharmacokinetics of 5'-deoxy-5-fluorouridine (5'-DFUR)]. PMID- 6225812 TI - Abdominoplasty. PMID- 6225813 TI - Dental management of the patient with diabetes. PMID- 6225814 TI - Static and dynamic roentgenology in the diagnosis of degenerative disc disease. PMID- 6225815 TI - Cytogenetic studies of 227 cases of Down syndrome in Thailand. PMID- 6225816 TI - Significance of high voltage QRS anterior forces in young asymptomatic adults. Evaluation by wide-angle two-dimensional echocardiography. AB - Thirteen asymptomatic adults less than 40 years old who showed tall right precordial R waves on the ECG were examined by VCG, M-mode and two-dimensional echocardiography (2D Echo). Common causes of QRS anterior displacement, such as right ventricular enlargement or right bundle branch block, were excluded in each subject. Although each subject was normal at physical examination, 2D Echo revealed areas of left ventricular hypertrophy in eight of these 13 subjects. Four had a prevailing hypertrophy of the basal portion of the interventricular septum, three had an isolated apical hypertrophy, and one had a diffuse concentric left ventricular hypertrophy. Results were normal in five cases. 2D Echo classification was confirmed by heart catheterization findings, when available. The subjects with asymmetric septal hypertrophy showed low-voltage QRS leftward forces on the ECG and VCG. ECGs and VCGs were not useful in differentiating the subjects with atypically distributed left ventricular hypertrophy from the normals: high-voltage QRS leftward forces and T wave abnormalities were evident in some subjects of both groups. Tall right precordial R waves may constitute a marker of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in asymptomatic young adults. 2D Echo is useful to exactly classify these subjects. PMID- 6225817 TI - Prevalence of left ventricular hypertrophy in middle-aged men according to various ECG-VCG techniques. AB - The prevalence rates of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) were studied in a middle-aged male working population using the Minnesota code, an automated processing of the orthogonal leads, and the Pipberger program. These various methods resulted in significant differences in prevalence rates. The odds ratios and relative differences were calculated for each method in subgroups according to the presence or absence of personal antecedents of arterial hypertension. For detecting LVH, the orthogonal criteria are superior to the other methods. The concordances between methods are low overall, leaving the question open as to the independent prognostic value of each method. PMID- 6225818 TI - Influence of maternal diabetes on fetal rat development: alteration of insulin receptors in fetal liver and lung. AB - The influence of maternal diabetes on fetal development was studied in rats made diabetic by administration of streptozotocin on day 2 of gestation as well as in genetically diabetic BB Wistar rats. A dose of 65 mg streptozotocin/kg produced severe diabetes with plasma glucose levels of approximately 36 mmol/l, this was associated with fetal growth retardation but not fetal hyperinsulinaemia. In contrast, a smaller dose of streptozotocin (45 mg/kg) produced moderate diabetes with plasma glucose levels of approximately 20 mmol/l and was associated with fetal hyperinsulinaemia but only a marginal effect on fetal size. In both groups of diabetic animals, maternal body weight gain was decreased, maternal plasma insulin levels were low and fetal glucose levels were similar. In a small group of genetically diabetic BB rats on insulin therapy the fetuses were macrosomic and hyperinsulinaemic. The specific binding of 125I-labelled insulin to partially purified liver and lung membranes of fetuses of both groups of streptozotocin induced diabetic rats was significantly lower than the binding to membranes from fetuses of control animals. The specific binding of 125I-labelled insulin to fetal liver and lung membranes from the diabetic BB Wistar rats also appeared to be reduced when compared to tissues from controls. Decreased insulin receptors in fetal lung and liver of diabetic rats suggest a role for insulin in the development of these organs during the fetal and neonatal period. PMID- 6225819 TI - Childhood disablement and family incomes. AB - Data on the incomes of families with a severely disabled child were obtained by replicating the Family Expenditure Survey. These data were compared with income data from a control group of families with children, drawn from the FES for the same period. The participation rates, hours, and earnings of the women with a disabled child were all found to be substantially lower than those of women in the control group, differences between the samples increasing with the age of the youngest child. The earnings of men with a disabled child were also lower than those of men in the control group, though differences were more pronounced among non-manual workers. Loss of parental earnings was not made good by social security benefits paid on account of disablement. In general the incomes of the families with a disabled child were lower than those of the control families, the magnitude of the differences increasing with family income and the age of the youngest child. Nevertheless, one group of families with a disabled child--manual workers whose youngest child was under 5--had slightly higher incomes than similar families in the control group. PMID- 6225820 TI - Identification of the membrane receptor for the complement fragment C3d by means of a monoclonal antibody. AB - The B2 antigen characterized by means of a monoclonal antibody (14) is a 140,000 Mr protein expressed only in certain stages of the differentiation of lymphocytes of the B lineage. Here we examine the relationship between B2 and the membrane complement receptor type 2 (CR2) for the complement fragment C3d (11, 12), which is also associated only with B cells. Both phenotypic markers are distributed in a similar manner among B cell malignancies and, as shown here, among established cell lines. A polypeptide with binding affinity for C3d was isolated from the membrane of B2-positive cells, i.e., tonsil lymphocytes and Raji cells. We found that this C3d-binding protein not only had the same Mr and isoelectric point (pI) as the B2 antigen, but that it was recognized by the monoclonal antibody to B2. However, anti-B2 does not mask the ligand-binding site of CR2 since it does not prevent the interaction of the purified 140,000 Mr polypeptide with immobilized C3d. Rosette formation between tonsil lymphocytes and erythrocyte intermediates bearing C3d was specifically inhibited by anti-B2. In the case of Raji cells, rosette formation was strongly inhibited only when the lymphocytes were sequentially treated with anti-B2 and with a polyclonal antibody against mouse Ig. In short, B2 and CR2 have a similar distribution among normal and malignant cells, have the same Mr and pI under denaturing conditions, and react with a single monoclonal antibody. We conclude that B2 is identical to CR2. PMID- 6225821 TI - Reversal of infectious mononucleosis-associated suppressor T cell activity by D mannose. AB - Epstein-Barr virus-induced infectious mononucleosis (IM) is associated with the activation of suppressor T lymphocytes that profoundly inhibit immunoglobulin (Ig) production in vitro. We have examined the nature of signals operating in the interaction between IM suppressor T cells and their targets, and explored the possibility that a lectin-like receptor molecule and its specific sugar might provide specificity to this interaction. When D-mannose or some of its derivatives, including alpha-methyl-D-mannoside, mannose-6-phosphate, and mannan, were added to suppressed cultures containing IM T lymphocytes and pokeweed mitogen (PWM)-stimulated normal mononuclear cells, a significant enhancement of Ig production was observed. These sugars had little or no effect on Ig production by the PWM-stimulated responder cells alone and thus the enhanced Ig production could be attributed to the reversal of suppression in the co-cultures by these sugars. This was further confirmed by the observation that the sugars were effective only if present during the first 24 h of culture, a time when IM suppressor T cells exert their principal effect. The effect of sugars on Ig production by suppressed cultures was similar to that achieved by decreasing by about fourfold the number of IM T cells in culture. The effect of the sugars is unlikely to represent a form of nonspecific toxicity, since inhibited cultures become responders in the presence of the sugar. Furthermore, toxicity restricted to the suppressor T cells is unlikely, since preincubation of the T cells with the sugars did not reduce their subsequent ability to suppress in secondary indicator cultures. In addition, there was no correlation between the effect of the sugars on T cell proliferation and their effect on T cell-mediated suppression. The reversal of suppression by sugars was dose dependent and demonstrated stereo-specificity in that L-mannose was without effect while D mannose reversed suppression. These data indicate that D-mannose and some of its derivatives consistently reverse suppression of Ig production by IM T cells and strongly suggest a role for saccharides as critical components in the cellular receptors involved in certain physiologic immune cell interactions. PMID- 6225823 TI - Precipitating antigen-antibody systems are required for the formation of subepithelial electron-dense immune deposits in rat glomeruli. AB - This study was conducted to determine whether multivalent, precipitating antigens are required for formation of subepithelial electron-dense immune deposits in glomeruli. 2-nitro-4-azidophenyl (NAP) was conjugated with variable density to human serum albumin (HSA) to yield nonprecipitating (NAP3.1 X HSA and NAP11.4 X HSA) and precipitating (NAP19.7 X HSA) antigens with antibodies to the hapten. These antigen preparations were cationized with ethylene diamine to enhance deposition in renal glomeruli due to interaction with the fixed negative charges in the glomerular capillary wall. Following injection into the left renal artery of rats these antigens alone persisted in the glomeruli for a relatively short time by immunofluorescence microscopy. When antibodies to NAP were injected intravenously after the antigen injection, the nonprecipitating antigens and antibodies were detectable in the glomeruli by immunofluorescence microscopy up to 8 h, comparable to antigen alone. Electron-dense deposits were not formed in these glomeruli. In contrast, when the precipitating antigen was injected and followed by antibodies to the hapten, antigen and antibody were detected by immunofluorescence microscopy through 96 h. In these specimens electron-dense deposits were present from 40 min through 96 h and after 24 h the deposits were present only in the subepithelial area. The same results were obtained when the nonprecipitating hapten-carrier conjugates were followed with antibodies to the carrier molecule. These data indicate that the persistence of immune deposits by immunofluorescence microscopy and the formation of electron-dense deposits in the subepithelial area require a precipitating antigen-antibody system. PMID- 6225822 TI - Immune interferon induces the receptor for monomeric IgG1 on human monocytic and myeloid cells. AB - We report here that FcR for human monomeric IgG1 can be induced on cells of myeloid origin cultured in the presence of IFN gamma for 8 h. Supernatant fluids from cultures of lymphocytes infected with a variety of viruses or cocultured with cell lines have the same FcR enhancing effect as IFN gamma. We identify the factor in the supernatant fluid responsible for the induction as immune interferon. Among the different types of IFN, only the gamma type (both purified and recombinant) specifically induces the appearance of FcR for monomeric IgG1 on normal and leukemic myeloid cells but not on cells of lymphoid origin. This effect is also evident on mature PMN. We show that the specificity and the affinity of the receptor induced on HL-60 promyelocytic cells, peripheral blood monocytes, and PMN are identical to those of the receptor spontaneously present on the same cells, except for PMN, which do not spontaneously express this type of receptor. The results of inhibition experiments performed with mouse IgG of and IgG3. These results suggest that the receptor present on human monocytes different isotypes indicate that the receptor can be inhibited by murine IgG2a or immature myeloid cells, selectively inducible by IFN gamma, has a specificity similar to the FcR1 described on mouse macrophages. PMID- 6225824 TI - Studies on the syngeneic mixed lymphocyte reaction. III. Development of a monoclonal antibody with specificity for autoreactive T cells. AB - Monoclonal antibodies with specificity for autoreactive murine T cells have been developed. These antibodies inhibit proliferative response of splenic T cells activated by syngeneic spleen cells. These antibodies have no effect on the proliferative response of T cells activated by allogeneic spleen cells or PHA. The number of splenic T cells that react with these monoclonal antibodies is comparable in several normal mouse strains. PMID- 6225825 TI - Fibronectin and serum amyloid P component stimulate C3b- and C3bi-mediated phagocytosis in cultured human monocytes. AB - Fibronectin (FN) and serum amyloid P component (SAP) markedly enhance phagocytosis mediated by the C3b and C3bi receptors of cultured human monocytes but not of granulocytes. (The C3b and C3bi receptors of granulocytes can be activated by treatment of these phagocytes with PMA.) Activation of monocyte C3 receptors by FN is developmentally regulated: Freshly explanted monocytes respond to FN with a small increase in C3 receptor-mediated phagocytosis while monocytes matured in culture exhibit a much greater response. The mechanism of action of FN on C3 receptors of cultured monocytes is unique in two respects. First, while substrate-bound FN or SAP activate monocyte C3 receptors, soluble FN does not. Second, stimulation of the basal surface of monocyte plasma membranes by substrate-bound FN activates C3b and C3bi receptors on the apical surface of the plasma membrane, i.e., at sites remote from the segments of membrane in contact with the FN or SAP. PMID- 6225826 TI - Episodic and lexical contributions to the repetition effect in word identification. PMID- 6225827 TI - Further analysis of the Crist data on matching performance and the similarity structure of the stimulus set. AB - We argue that Crist's (1981) analysis of his data on letter matching is incomplete because he did not sufficiently distinguish overall context similarity from the similarity of the other letter present on a trial. That is, the separation of the effects of context similarity and visual similarity is required for a complete analysis. Accordingly, for different trials, modified indices of context similarity are derived and linear regression analyses made to determine the separate effects of context and visual similarity. The results of these analyses show that on different trials, visual similarity is much more predictive of latency than context similarity and that subjects must therefore be making visual similarity judgments, that considerably affect latency variation on these trials. Consequently, we argue that visual similarity judgment may be likewise affecting latency on same trials. However, some simple correlations indicate that context may be more predictive of latency on physically different same trials. We concluded that what can be said about context depends on the type of trial and that the comparative strength of name processing should also be assessed by the method described here. PMID- 6225828 TI - Converging sources of evidence on spoken and perceived rhythms of speech: cyclic production of vowels in monosyllabic stress feet. AB - The article reviews the literature from psychology, phonetics, and phonology bearing on production and perception of syllable timing in speech. A review of the psychological and phonetics literature suggests that production of vowels and consonants are interleaved in syllable sequences in such a way that vowel production is continuous or nearly so. Based on that literature, a hypothesis is developed concerning the perception of syllable timing assuming that vowel production is continuous. The hypothesis is that perceived syllable timing corresponds to the times sequencing of the vowels as produced and not to the timing either of vowel onsets as conventionally measured or of syllable-initial consonants. Three experiments support the hypothesis. One shows that information present during the portion of an acoustic signal in which a syllable-initial consonant predominates is used by listeners to identify the vowel. Compatibly, this information for the vowel contributes to the vowel's perceived duration. Finally, a measure of the perceived timing of a syllable correlates significantly with the time required to identify syllable-medial vowels but not with time to identify the syllable-initial consonants. Further support for the proposed mode of vowel-consonant production and perception is derived from the literature on phonology. Language-specific phonological conventions can be identified that may reflect exaggerations and conventionalizations of the articulatory tendency for vowels to be produced continuously in speech. PMID- 6225829 TI - Latent network theory: scheduling of processes in sentence verification and the Stroop effect. AB - A method for analyzing reaction times (RTs) in tasks involving both sequential and concurrent processing is proposed. Tasks are analyzed with the method by selectively prolonging mental processes, as with the additive factor method. Falsifiable predictions about the changes in RT produced by prolonging processes are derived by drawing on the theory of scheduling. Under certain conditions, which frequently arise in practice, one can determine for a given pair of processes whether they are executed sequentially or concurrently. If one process precedes another, one can often determine which comes first. One can also construct intervals within which the process durations lie. Two experiments are analyzed using the method. One, by Holyoak, Dumais, and Moyer, is on a sentence verification task involving associated and unassociated items. The other experiment is on the Stroop effect and supports the single-channel hypothesis that a subject makes only one decision at a time. The data suggest that in the color-naming task the decision about the word precedes the decision about the color, whereas in the word-naming task the order of the decisions is reversed. PMID- 6225830 TI - Directional scanning of remembered visual patterns. AB - We report a set of experiments that helps to define the conditions under which mental image scanning may be used spontaneously for specific, practical purposes. Subjects were shown a dot pattern, followed by an arrow, and their task was to say whether the arrow was pointing at any of the previously seen dots. When no advance information was provided about the arrow's location, reaction time for correctly verifying that an arrow was pointing at a dot increased linearly with increasing arrow-dot distance, and the subjects almost always reported scanning a mental image in order to make their judgments. However, when a cue for the arrow's location was presented 2 sec beforehand, reaction time was uncorrelated with distance, and most of the subjects reported using an alternative strategy based on the determination in advance of correct directions from that location to the dots. When given only 1 sec of advance information about arrow location, most subjects reported using a combined image-scanning and advanced determination strategy, resulting in a reaction time function that increased only for the farthest distances. Because in each of these experiments instructions to form or to scan mental images were never given, these findings address the most common criticisms of the image-scanning paradigm. PMID- 6225831 TI - Scene perception: a failure to find a benefit from prior expectancy or familiarity. AB - In our everyday world, we typically have an expectancy as to the kinds of scenes that we will see from one glance to the next. Also, many of the scenes that we do see are familiar in the sense that they have been experienced before. Do these factors influence the perception of a scene? In three experiments, priming subjects with a verbal descriptor of a scene was not found to improve reliably the perception of that scene as assessed by the speed and accuracy of detecting an incongruity between an object and its setting (Experiments 1 and 2) or a specified target object (Experiment 3). Also, in attempting to perceive these scenes, subjects could not capitalize on the residue from prior exposures of a scene's background, even though those backgrounds had been processed to the point where semantic information had been extracted from them. Although these results are inconsistent with recent speculations on the role of frames in scene perception, recent experiments on the perception of a scene from a single fixation, and film-editing practice with "flash cuts." The implications of these results are that the mechanisms for perceiving and interpreting nondegraded real world scenes are so quick and efficient that conditions can readily be found in which priming and prior exposures of substantial portions of scenes are not helpful for perceiving and judging certain aspects of those scenes. PMID- 6225832 TI - Probing Proctor's priming principle: the effect of simultaneous and sequential presentation on same-different judgments. AB - Three explanations (internal noise, priming, relative frequency) of the fast-same effect were examined. The internal-noise principle, which predicts more errors as well as faster correct judgments on same pairs, was consistently confirmed even with sequential presentation. More elusive was priming, that is, the facilitation of encoding from letter repetition with sequential presentation. Priming was inhibited by the presence of intertrial letter repetition. The error data indicated that priming involves an increased efficiency in encoding (d'), as Proctor claimed, rather than a criterion shift (beta), as Krueger and Shapiro claimed. An alternative to the priming explanation, based on the greater susceptibility of simultaneous presentation to analytical processing, was tested and disconfirmed. Stimulus-set size did not affect the speed advantage for same pairs, thus disconfirming the relative-frequency explanation, according to which same judgments are faster because typically there are fewer unique same than different pairs. PMID- 6225833 TI - Affective discrimination of stimuli that are not recognized: effects of shadowing, masking, and cerebral laterality. AB - Based on his finding that subjects can show an affective preference to previously seen stimuli that they fail to recognize, Zajonc (1980) claimed that affective processing operates separately from cognitive processing. Over four experiments, we replicated and extended the finding that mere exposure to a briefly presented stimulus can increase positive affect through familiarity without enhancing the recognition of that stimulus. Among our findings, lateralized presentation of the irregular polygon stimuli showed that affect judgments were best for stimuli presented in the right visual field (left hemisphere), whereas recognition judgments were best for stimuli presented in the left visual field (right hemisphere). These effects were found only when the study stimuli were shown for 2 msec and were unmasked or for 5 msec and were pattern masked; when the stimuli were shown for 5 msec and were energy masked, target selection by affect or recognition was not greater than chance. These data, along with results from contingency probability analyses, indicate that affect and recognition judgments are different. Rather than viewing the difference between affect and recognition in terms of different features that might reside in the stimulus, the difference in judgments may reflect the manner in which a stimulus representation has been accessed. When viewed in terms of different retrieval processes that access different information, target selection by affect in the absence of recognition can be interpreted in terms of existing models of recognition memory. PMID- 6225834 TI - Chronic pain. PMID- 6225835 TI - A histochemical and enzymatic study of the muscle fiber types in the water monitor, Varanus salvator. AB - Histochemical analysis of five muscles from the water monitor, Varanus salvator, identified three major classes of fibers based on histochemical activities of the enzymes myosin ATPase (mATPase), succinic dehydrogenase (SDH), and alpha glycerophosphate dehydrogenase (alpha GPDH). Fast-twitch, glycolytic (FG) fibers were the most abundant fiber type and exhibited the following reaction product intensities: mATPase, dark; SDH, light; alpha GPDH, moderate to dark. Fast twitch, oxidative, glycolytic (FOG) fibers were characteristically mATPase, dark; SDH, light; alpha GPDH, moderate to dark. The third class of fibers had the following histochemical characteristics: mATPase, light; SDH, moderate to dark; alpha GPDH, light. These fibers were considered to be either slow twitch, or tonic, and oxidative (S/O). Pyruvate kinase (PK), alpha GPDH, and citrate synthase (CS) activities were measured in homogenates of the same muscles studied histochemically. There was a positive relationship between both PK and alpha GPDH activities and the percentage of glycolytic fiber types within a muscle. Likewise, CS activities were greater in muscles high in FOG and S/O content. Based on CS activities, Varanus S/O fibers were eight-fold more oxidative than FG fibers within the same muscle. PK/CS ratios suggested that FG fibers possess high anaerobic capacity, similar to the iguanid lizard Dipsosaurus. The fiber type composition of the gastrocnemius muscle, relative to that of other lizard species, suggests that varanid lizards may possess a greater proportion of FOG and S/O fibers than other lizards. PMID- 6225836 TI - Phosphonoformic acid-inhibitable nucleotide incorporation as a measure of hepatitis B viral DNA polymerase activity. AB - This paper describes an assay for hepatitis B DNA polymerase which is based on the use of phosphonoformic acid (PFA), a known inhibitor of the viral enzyme, with particulate fractions prepared from blood plasma or serum. The assay makes possible the measurement of the viral enzyme activity in the presence of DNA polymerases unrelated to hepatitis B. The activities of the latter were largely but incompletely suppressed in the presence of 0.4 M KCl, and they were altogether excluded from nucleotide incorporation which was inhibited by PFA. Thus, particulate fractions obtained from HBsAg-negative blood had mean DNA polymerase activities of 1 +/- 1 (SD) pmol/liter/hr with a lower 90th percentile range of 0-3 pmol/liter/hr. Particulate fractions prepared from blood that was positive for both HBsAg and HBeAg had polymerase activities of 58 +/- 66 pmol/liter/hr with an upper 90th percentile range of 4-322 pmol/liter/hr. PFA concentration was optimized using a commercial preparation of the inhibitor, in which the degree of purity was determined. The method utilizes 3H-labeled deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates and is performed on 6 ml of plasma or serum. The effects of precursor concentration and specific activities on the rate of nucleotide incorporation were studied, and the optimal combinations were indicated. Other parameters of the proposed assay were also studied. PMID- 6225837 TI - Further characterization of in vitro conditions appropriate for GABA determination in human CSF: impact of acid deproteinization and freeze/thaw. AB - Recently established standardized protocols for collection, handling, and storage of CSF for measurement of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) have proven valuable in the characterization of various CNS disorders. In response to two recent reports which may have an impact on certain widely used protocols, we have, using the confirmed ion-exchange/fluorometric procedure, systematically evaluated the effects of deproteinization with various concentrations of sulfosalicylic acid (SSA) ranging from 0 to 10% (100 mg/ml), as well as the effects of freeze/thaw (F/T) on CSF GABA levels. Results of F/T studies documented that levels are stable to freezing and thawing. Acid deproteinization studies revealed the presence of an equilibrium between strictly free GABA, demonstrable only in acid free CSF, and a very loosely bound form of GABA, fully demonstrable only in CSF deproteinized with concentrations of SSA above 1% (10 mg/ml). The relationship between GABA concentrations in undeproteinized and acid-deproteinized CSF revealed a highly significant (p less than .001) correlation, suggesting that alterations of central GABAergic activity would be reflected by either the level of strictly free GABA or free plus loosely bound GABA. This hypothesis was upheld in studies of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and Huntington's disease (HD), two neurologic disorders in which dysfunctions of the GABA system have been implicated. Results indicated that CSF GABA levels are significantly reduced in both PD and HD patients compared with neurologically normal controls, whether the measurement is of free GABA or free plus loosely bound GABA. Thus, we conclude that the level of strictly free GABA is stable to freezing and thawing and can only be accurately determined in nonacidified CSF; however, existing protocols employing deproteinization in 5% SSA yield data that provide an equally good reflection of central GABAergic transmission. PMID- 6225838 TI - Serotonin involvement in descending inhibition of spinal nociceptive transmission produced by stimulation of medial diencephalon and basal forebrain. AB - The responses of single lumbar dorsal horn neurons to noxious radiant heat stimuli (50 degrees C, 10 sec) applied to glabrous footpad skin were recorded in cats anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital and 70% N2O. Responses were markedly reduced during electrical stimulation (100-msec trains at 100 Hz, 3/sec, up to 400 microA) at sites in the medial diencephalic periventricular gray (PVG), preoptic area, and basal forebrain. A role for serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5 HT) was investigated by determining whether descending inhibition from these areas could be affected by (1) acute systemic administration of the 5-HT antagonist methysergide, or (2) depletion of central 5-HT levels by pretreatment with the 5-HT synthesis inhibitor p-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA; 500 mg/kg, i.p.). Inhibition produced by stimulation at these sites was reduced or abolished in 22 cases following administration of methysergide (0.2 to 1 mg/kg) to non-pretreated cats. In the PCPA-pretreated cats, stimulation in preoptic or basal forebrain areas inhibited the responses of 26 units to noxious skin heating to varying degrees; PVG stimulation inhibited the responses of 14 of 26 units, while the remainder were unaffected. The mean current threshold for inhibition produced by PVG or preoptic/basal forebrain stimulation was significantly higher, while mean inhibition at 200 microA was significantly lower, in units from PCPA-pretreated cats compared to those from non-pretreated cats. The results indicate that 5-HT may be involved in the mediation of spinal inhibition produced by medial diencephalic and basal forebrain stimulation. PMID- 6225839 TI - Quantitative hepatic arterial perfusion scintigraphy and starch microspheres in cancer chemotherapy. AB - Hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy results in a higher concentration of drug delivered to the tumor with less systemic exposure than is possible with intravenous therapy. However, extrahepatic blood flow and/or shunting to the lung can impose a limitation. This study describes a quantitative method for calculating the extrahepatic component and monitoring its changes due to a new adjunctive therapy, degradable starch microspheres (DSM). DSM temporarily occlude the hepatic arterial circulation, thereby increasing the uptake of therapeutic drugs. Twenty patients with metastatic liver cancer underwent hepatic arterial perfusion scintigraphy (HAPS) using Tc-99m MAA to determine blood-flow distribution and to quantitate extrahepatic uptake. The percent shunt index (PSI) was determined at baseline and after each incremental dose of DSM. The baseline PSI ranged from 6-26% (mean 12.3 +/- 5.8 s.d.) and changed progressively after each injection of DSM/Tc-MAA suspension. The patterns of change in shunting are described. Quantitative HAPS provides a means of measuring the extrahepatic component, warns of potential side effects, and helps guide chemotherapeutic decisions. PMID- 6225840 TI - Observations on serial radionuclide blood-flow studies in Paget's disease: concise communication. AB - Twenty-four symptomatic patients with symptoms of active Paget's disease of bone were evaluated, during the course of their therapy, a total of 71 times (24 baseline and 47 follow-up examinations) by serial alkaline phosphatase levels (AP), Tc-99m MDP bone scans, and radionuclide blood-flow studies. The flow study correlated with disease activity in all of the baseline studies and in at least 85% of the follow-up studies. In five patients (seven follow-up studies) the changes in local blood flow correctly anticipated the eventual rise or fall of AP. In comparison with the bone scan, the changes in blood flow preceded the bone scan alterations or were more reliable indicators of disease activity in 12 of the 13 follow-up studies in which the results of the two examinations disagreed. We conclude that the radionuclide flow study provides useful additional clinical information in the management of Paget's disease. PMID- 6225841 TI - Evaluation of right-ventricular function by gated blood-pool scintigraphy. AB - The purpose of this paper is to review several modalities that can be helpful in evaluating right-ventricular (RV) function. We have investigated the role of functional imaging in analysis of regional RV function and in selection of RV region of interest (ROI). From this we have derived a method to determine the RV ejection fraction using a single RV ROI. The analysis is performed in a modified LAO projection; Fourier phase and amplitude functional images are used to help trace the ROI and study wall-motion abnormalities. This method is compared with the double-ROI technique of Maddahi. Values of RV ejection fraction obtained with one ROI correlate well with those obtained using two ROIs (r = 0.95). The regression equation is used to correct for the single-ROI underestimation. The inter- and intra-observer variability is better for the single- than for the double-ROI technique. RV function studies are performed in normal volunteers and in patients with a variety of cardiac disorders. Changes in RV ejection fraction caused either by direct alteration of RV function or by altered loading conditions are documented. Analysis of regional RV function demonstrates RV free wall as well as septal perturbations, further characterizing the extent of dysfunction and providing some etiologic information. We conclude that: 1. RV ejection fraction can be measured by the use of an adequate single diastolic ROI; and 2. A simple equilibrium gated technique can provide detailed information about global and regional RV function that should be systematically added to the analysis of the parameters for left-ventricular function. PMID- 6225842 TI - Intraarterial cancer chemotherapy, arterial occlusion, and Tc-99m macroaggregated albumin perfusion scintigraphy. PMID- 6225843 TI - Re: Normal appearance and reproducibility of liver-spleen studies with Tc-99m sulfur colloid and Tc-99m microalbumin colloid. PMID- 6225844 TI - Effects of chronic ethanol feeding on the metabolism of tryptophan and nicotinamide in rats. AB - Oxidation of tryptophan and urinary excretion of N1-methylnicotinamide were studied in rats fed a modified DeCarli-Lieber liquid diet of low (1.1 mg/liter or 5 mg/kg dry diet) and adequate (5.5 mg/liter or 25 mg/kg dry diet) nicotinamide content with and without ethanol replacing carbohydrate to 36% of total calories. Protein was restricted to 12% of calories so that the tryptophan content was about 0.16% of dry weight. Rats were fed for 30 or 40 days and feeding was restricted to 7 or 12 hours per day. N1-Methylnicotinamide was measured in urine collected during the last 2 days of feeding. At the end of the experimental period, fasted rats were injected intraperitoneally with 0.8 muCi of L-[ring-2 14C]tryptophan (0.12 or 0.11 muCi/mg tryptophan) or 0.7 muCi of [14C]formate (0.44 muCi/mg formate) per 100 g body weight. Expired CO2 was collected every 30 minutes or hourly for 5 or 6 hours. N1-Methylnicotinamide excretion was increased in ethanol-fed rats (P less than 0.05). The percent of injected [14C]tryptophan recovered as 14CO2 was increased in rats fed ethanol in a low niacin diet as compared to controls (P less than 0.01). Recovery of 14CO2 from [14C]formate oxidation was not affected by ethanol feeding. These findings suggest that the initial oxidation of tryptophan by tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase is enhanced following chronic ethanol feeding. PMID- 6225845 TI - Lipoprotein lipid and protein responses to dietary fat and diabetes in rats. AB - Dietary and insulin-deficiency types of hyperlipidemia were compared in adult normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic male breeder rats. High beef tallow, high corn oil or low fat diets (BT, CO and LF, respectively) were fed ad libitum for 2 months. Glucose and insulin were measured in plasma and total cholesterol, free cholesterol, cholesteryl ester, triglycerides and apoproteins in very low density, low density and high density lipoproteins (VLDL, LDL and HDL, respectively). Diet did not affect plasma glucose or insulin levels. LDL triglycerides were higher in BT and diabetic than in CO and LF rats. HDL-free cholesterol levels were higher in CO- and LF-than in BT-fed rats. Diabetes resulted in a decrease in HDL-cholesterol. Diabetic animals had higher HDL-apoA-I (apolipoprotein A-I) levels than did CO- and LF- but not BT-fed rats. VLDL triglycerides were higher in diabetic than in normal rats, with no dietary differences in normal rats. In LDL, apoB levels were lower and apoE levels were higher in LF-fed rats than in animals fed high fat diets. Diabetes resulted in an increase in LDL-apoB but a decrease in LDL-apoE. HDL-apoE levels were higher, although HDL-apoA-I levels were lower in LF than in high fat-fed rats. The results related to lipoprotein composition supported the hypothesis that excess intake of a diet high in saturated fat may contribute to a metabolic pattern that resembles that of a diabetic state. PMID- 6225846 TI - Myotonic dystrophy: surgical and anesthetic considerations during orthognathic surgery. AB - The surgical and anesthetic considerations of orthognathic surgery for a patient with myotonic dystrophy are discussed. A case report is presented demonstrating how a surgical treatment plan can be modified to avoid the potential postoperative problems associated with this disease. PMID- 6225847 TI - Case 47, part II: Oral hyperpigmentation associated with Addison's disease. AB - This case is interesting in several respects. Although diffuse oral hyperpigmentation is suggestive of Addison's disease and should prompt the latter to be a prominent potential diagnosis in any setting, diagnosis was delayed by lack of constitutional and systemic symptoms, normal preliminary hematologic and electrolytic laboratory data, and the strong opinion of the pathologist that the oral mucosal biopsy specimen represented a fixed drug eruption. A subsequent orthopedic complaint and the resultant cooperative efforts of staff persons from several disciplines led to the proper diagnosis. PMID- 6225848 TI - [Morphological study of muscle spindles in arytenoid muscle of human larynx]. PMID- 6225849 TI - Selective defect of OKT4+ T-lymphocytes in severe immunodeficiency. PMID- 6225850 TI - High incidence of hypogammaglobulinemia in infants with diarrhea. AB - Examination of 136 children who were referred to the Pediatric Gastroenterology Clinic at Yale-New Haven Hospital for chronic or severe diarrhea between 1977 and 1981 revealed that 31 patients (22.8%) had serum immunoglobulin levels below the 5th percentile for age. Twenty-four of these 31 patients (77.4%) had normal or near normal serum immunoglobulin levels by their third birthday and most could therefore be classified under the heading "transient hypogammaglobulinemia of infancy," an unexpected finding, as this condition has previously been thought to be rare; only 27 patients with this disorder were reported prior to 1978. While the basic cause of the defect is unknown, it has been linked to a slower than normal maturation of the neonate's ability to secrete immunoglobulins. Comparison of our patients with hypogammaglobulinemia and those with chronic diarrhea but normal immunoglobulins revealed that the former group are younger at presentation (mean, 8.2 months) and at the onset of their diarrhea (3.1 months); the figures for patients without hypogammaglobulinemia were 18.2 and 8.2 months, respectively. Males and females were equally affected, and the diarrhea, which was responsive to a hypoallergenic diet, resolved by 3 years of age as did the hypogammaglobulinemia in nearly all cases. While the etiology of the diarrhea remains obscure, significant problems outside the gastrointestinal tract did not occur. Circumstantial evidence suggests that the most likely cause for the failure of production of IgG, and to a lesser extent IgA antibody, in infants seen with diarrhea may result from a failure of maturation of T cell helper systems rather than any intrinsic defect in the B cell system itself. PMID- 6225851 TI - Continuous labelling of the periodontal ligament of mice. PMID- 6225852 TI - Variation in collagen expression by cloned periodontal ligament cells. PMID- 6225853 TI - A freeze-fracture study of the periodontal ligament of the rat. PMID- 6225854 TI - Histopathology of artificial periodontal defects in beagle dogs before and after ligature removal. PMID- 6225855 TI - Loss of connective tissue attachment in the marginal periodontium of the mouse following blockage of eruption. Electron microscopic observations. PMID- 6225856 TI - Periodontal bone loss in ovalbumin sensitized germfree rats fed antigen-free diet with ovalbumin. PMID- 6225857 TI - The effect of topical citric acid application on surgically exposed periodontal attachment. PMID- 6225858 TI - Short term implantation studies of periodontal dressings. PMID- 6225860 TI - Neuraminidase activity in human crevicular fluid. PMID- 6225859 TI - An attempt to simulate junctional epithelium of human gingiva in vitro. PMID- 6225861 TI - Lymphoproliferative response to dentogingival plaque sonicate of renal transplant recipients. PMID- 6225862 TI - New sustained release dosage form of chlorhexidine for dental use. II. Use in periodontal therapy. PMID- 6225863 TI - Characterization of aminocephalosporin transport across rat small intestine. PMID- 6225864 TI - Changes in in vitro interaction profiles of mercuric mercury and selenite in rabbit blood under various reaction conditions. AB - In vitro interaction profiles of mercuric mercury and selenite in rabbit blood under various reaction conditions were investigated. The most remarkable changes in the incorporations into the erythrocytes and gel filtration profiles of mercury and selenium in blood were observed when 10(-5) M mercuric chloride and 10(-5) M selenite were added to rabbit blood. Under this conditions, the mercury and selenium added always behaved with each other on gel filtration suggesting that most of mercury and selenium existed in a complex at a molar ratio of 1. When the concentration of mercuric chloride was 10(-7) in blood, however, the incorporation of mercury into erythrocytes was also increased by the simultaneous addition of selenite, but 10(-7) mercury did not stimulate the selenium incorporation. The behaviors of mercury and selenium in blood were altered by the order of addition of mercuric chloride and selenite to the blood. Compared to the simultaneous addition of both compounds, the final amount of mercury and selenium incorporated into erythrocytes were reduced by the addition of mercuric chloride prior to selenite, whereas the rates of incorporation of mercury and selenium were lowered by the addition of selenite prior to mercury. The gel filtration patterns of mercury and selenium in the plasma and stroma-free hemolysate of the blood preincubated with selenite before the addition of mercury were different from the case of simultaneous addition of both compounds or addition of mercury prior to selenite. The variety of interaction profiles of mercuric mercury and selenium in blood under different reaction conditions as observed in the present in vitro study may reflect the complex modes of interaction actually occurs in vivo. PMID- 6225865 TI - Suppression of cell-mediated immunocompetence after subchronic exposure to diethylstilbestrol in female B6C3F1 mice. AB - The effect of the nonsteroidal estrogenic compound, diethylstilbestrol (DES) on cell-mediated immunocompetence in the mouse has been assessed. Adult female B6C3F1 mice were injected (s.c.) with 0.2, 1.0 and 4.0 mg/kg of DES daily for 14 days. All immunological tests and toxicological parameters were determined at least 24 hr after the last exposure. Thymic involution and hepatomegaly were noted at the lowest dose of DES. The most sensitive indicator of immunosuppression by DES was the delayed hypersensitivity response (DHR) to keyhole limpet hemocyanin in mice sensitized without adjuvant. The lowest dose of DES produced a 93% decrease, compared with a 39% decrease for the same DHR model in mice sensitized to keyhole limpet hemocyanin plus adjuvant and a 63% decrease for the DHR to sheep erythrocytes. A 35% decrease of the acute inflammatory response to carrageenin was produced by the lowest dose of DES. Day 2 proliferative responses to both concanavalin A and phytohemagglutinin (T-cell mitogens) were depressed by the lowest dose of DES, whereas significant suppression of the response to lipopolysaccharide (B-cell mitogen) was only noted at the highest dose of DES. The effects of DES on Day 3 proliferative responses were less dramatic. The mixed lymphocyte response was significantly suppressed by 1.0 and 4.0 mg/kg of DES on all days in culture. The reversibility of the DES effects was studied by resting the mice for 30 days between exposure and measuring a given parameter. All effects on organ weights and the depression of both the sheep erythrocytes DHR and the carrageenin inflammatory response were reversed. PMID- 6225866 TI - Pharmacokinetic studies of 5-fluorouracil and 5'-deoxy-5-fluorouridine in rats. AB - The pharmacokinetics of 5-fluorouracil (FU) and its metabolic prodrug, 5'-deoxy-5 fluorouridine (dFUR), were investigated in 5- to 9-month-old rats without tumors. Intravenous bolus injections and infusions of FU (25-35 mg X kg-1) and dFUR (500 750 mg X kg-1) had activity against transplanted colon tumors in 2- to 4-month old rats. Blood and plasma concentrations of FU and dFUR were analyzed by high pressure liquid chromatography using 5-bromouracil as the internal standard. Free fractions of these drugs in plasma were indistinguishable from unity, indicating little or no protein binding. The area under the blood concentration-time profiles and the steady-state concentrations of unchanged dFUR were 40- to 100 fold higher than those of unchanged FU. The respective blood clearances of FU and dFUR were 44 and 18 ml X kg-1 X min-1 after i.v. bolus injections, which were significantly lower than the 108 and 26 ml X kg-1 X min-1 after infusion. FU clearance decreased when its infusion rate was increased from 25 to 50 mg X kg-1 X day-1. Renal clearances of both drugs remained the same after either route of administration. These data suggest that both drugs were eliminated by nonlinear kinetics and that their metabolism was saturated at a more rapid administration rate.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6225868 TI - Predictability of the result of surgical intervention in patients with low back pain. AB - Patients who were to undergo surgical intervention for low back pain were investigated preoperatively. The effect of surgical intervention was determined after 6 months. The judgement of the neurosurgeon and of the patients themselves were used to assign patients to three outcome categories: satisfactory, moderate and unsatisfactory. Differences in several psychological and biological factors were found between the three categories. On the basis of preoperatively assembled data on psychological and other variables it is possible to predict the outcome of surgical intervention in 80% of the patients. PMID- 6225870 TI - Handicaps and the handicapped in IIe-Ife, Nigeria: a socio-cultural dimension. PMID- 6225867 TI - Effects of a new antianginal agent, nicorandil, on the cardiovascular system of the miniature pig: with special reference to coronary vasospasm. AB - The cardiovascular and vasospasmolytic effects of a newly developed nicotinamide derivative, N-(2-hydroxyethyl)nicotinamide nitrate(ester) (nicorandil), were examined in anesthetized, open-chest "miniature" pigs, and compared with those of nitroglycerin. Nicorandil, administered i.v. in doses of 10 micrograms/kg to 1 mg/kg, decreased systemic blood pressure, left ventricular (LV) systolic pressure, pressure rate product and coronary and femoral vascular resistance. It pronouncedly increased coronary blood flow and slightly increased heart rate. An increase, often preceded by a decrease, occurred in the LVdP/dt max. In doses of 10 to 100 micrograms/kg, nicorandil induced a slight increase followed by a decrease in femoral blood flow, but larger doses always decreased it. Similar results were obtained with nitroglycerin for all the cardiovascular parameters tested except LVdP/dt max and coronary blood flow. Unlike nicorandil, nitroglycerin induced a decrease often preceded by an increase in the LVdP/dt max. In doses of 1 to 30 micrograms/kg, nitroglycerin caused a decrease preceded by a slight and transient increase in the coronary blood flow. Nicorandil, administered i.v. in doses of 30 micrograms/kg to 1 mg/kg, inhibited coronary vasoconstriction caused by methacholine (3 or 10 micrograms) and norepinephrine (2-4 micrograms in the presence of propranolol) injected directly into the coronary artery. The magnitude and duration of this antagonism depended on the dose of nicorandil used. Although nitroglycerin in a dose of 10 or 30 micrograms/kg also effectively inhibited coronary vasoconstrictor responses to the two vasoactive agents, dipyridamole (60 micrograms/kg) failed to do so. Thus, nicorandil has prominent vasospasmolytic effects and is an efficacious coronary vasodilator which reduces afterload. PMID- 6225869 TI - Decidualization and associated cell types: implications for the role of the placental bed in the materno-fetal immunological relationship. PMID- 6225871 TI - Abortion and euthanasia of Down's syndrome children--the parents' view. AB - A study of 78 parents of Down's syndrome children shows that, while most were in favour of abortion for a handicapped fetus, they were divided equally on whether euthanasia (no distinction made between active and passive euthanasia) was an acceptable practice. Only a third considered an average Down's syndrome child could be a suitable candidate for euthanasia. While parents argued that the degree of handicap of the child was the crucial factor in making this decision, in fact the social class of the parents themselves was the only variable which was statistically significantly related to their opinions. Differences arose from the parents' lack of agreement on what constituted a sufficiently severe handicap. PMID- 6225872 TI - Right to life of handicapped. PMID- 6225874 TI - Mortality in the mentally handicapped: a 50 year survey at the Stoke Park group of hospitals (1930-1980). AB - Mortality trends during the past 50 years in the population of a hospital group for the mentally handicapped are reported. There has been a marked change in the causes of death during this period. Whilst tuberculosis is no longer a major cause, other terminal respiratory tract infections are still prevalent. Deaths due to status epilepticus have decreased, with a concomitant increase in those due to carcinoma, myocardial infarction and cerebrovascular accident. Similarly, the mortality rate has altered significantly. Fifty years ago the patients' mortality was considerably higher at all age groups in comparison with the general population, whereas the difference is now relatively small. These changes have been most marked during the past 25 years, with the introduction of new drug therapy, better diet, care and environment for the mentally handicapped. The result of this is increased longevity in the mentally handicapped, in particular in those with Down's syndrome whose longevity has increased by 40 years, and over 30 years in others. These findings have important implications for the planning of future services for the ageing mentally handicapped population, in hospital and in the community alike, with associated geriatric ailments, and pre-senile and senile dementias. PMID- 6225873 TI - Urinary screening for abnormalities of amino acid or mucopolysaccharide metabolism in patients in a hospital for the mentally handicapped in Wessex. AB - Urine from 348 patients of a hospital for the mentally handicapped in Wessex was screened for abnormalities of aminoacid and mucopolysaccharide excretion. Persistent aminoacid abnormalities were found in 16 patients: two had phenylketonuria and one a severe variant form of hyperphenylalaninaemia (dihydropteridine reductase deficiency). In at least nine of the other patients, the observed abnormality was probably a secondary phenomenon. Two patients excreted excessive amounts of a glycosaminoglycan identified tentatively as hyaluronic acid. The study also uncovered one undiagnosed diabetic and three patients with urinary tract infection. PMID- 6225875 TI - Partition of unit-copy miniplasmids to daughter cells. II. The partition region of miniplasmid P1 encodes an essential protein and a centromere-like site at which it acts. AB - The stable maintenance of the unit-copy lambda-P1:5R miniplasmid is dependent on adjacent but separable replication (rep) and partition (par) regions of DNA derived from its P1 plasmid parent. The par region consists of an approximately 2.5 X 10(3) base-pair (kb) segment of DNA of which the terminal kb contains the plasmid incompatibility determinant incB. Two of the 14 lambda-P1:5R partition defective point mutants isolated are amber (nonsense) mutants, showing that a plasmid-encoded protein is essential for proper partition. All of the Par- point mutants are complemented by the wild-type par region in trans. The complementing activity was shown to be an Mr 44,000 protein encoded by the end of the par region distal to incB. Deletion analysis showed that the incB sequence is essential in cis to the plasmid in order that the plasmid be receptive to the par protein. Thus incB appears to be the target site for par protein activity. We propose that the protein binds to incB, forming a complex that is recognized as a substrate for the cellular partition apparatus. The ability of a cloned incB sequence to compete for the par protein or for the cellular partition apparatus accounts for its activity as an incompatibility determinant. The existence of a plasmid-encoded par protein suggests a specific model for equipartition. PMID- 6225876 TI - Left ventricular function after chronic insulin treatment in diabetic and normal rats. AB - Previous reports have documented a cardiomyopathy in rats resulting from streptozotocin-induced diabetes. In order to determine the reversibility of streptozotocin-induced cardiomyopathy to insulin therapy, hearts from rats made diabetic by streptozotocin for 6 weeks and then treated with insulin for 3 weeks were compared with untreated diabetic rats and control rats not injected with streptozotocin. When perfused in an isolated working heart apparatus with 5.5 mM glucose as substrate, hearts from untreated diabetic rats when compared to hearts from either streptozotocin-injected rats treated with insulin or control rats showed significant depressions in peak left ventricular pressure, maximal positive and negative dP/dt, oxygen extraction, lactate production and effluent lactate; pyruvate ratio. Ca2+-actomyosin ATPase was also depressed in untreated diabetics. As left atrial pressure was raised in untreated diabetic rats, a decline in cardiac output was observed, whereas in insulin-treated or control groups there was no such negative response. Indices of cardiac performance were significantly greater in insulin-treated rats when compared to control rats suggesting overcorrection with insulin therapy. To explore whether insulin treatment may have a beneficial effect on the myocardium control rats were made hyperinsulinemic for 6 to 7 weeks. Shorter isovolumic relaxation times and elevated values for Ca2+-actomyosin ATPase were observed in hearts from hyperinsulinemic animals when compared to hearts from control animals. These results demonstrate complete reversibility of streptozotocin-induced cardiomyopathy and confirm that this condition is due to insulin deficiency and not to a primary cardiotoxic effect of streptozotocin. PMID- 6225877 TI - Biology of cardiac overload. Program and abstracts of the satellite meeting of the XI congress of the International Society for Heart Research. Jouy-en-Josas, France, 7-9 July 1983. PMID- 6225878 TI - Tolerance to cadmium in the abdominal stretch response: a comparative study of cadmium and acetic acid. AB - The intraperitoneal injection of cadmium (Cd) in mice produces a characteristic abdominal stretch response similar to that observed with acetic acid. Morphine, clonidine, and tripelennamine ED50 values were the same for inhibition of the response to Cd and to acetic acid. The ED50 values for aspirin and indomethacin were lower against the Cd than the acetic acid response. On repeated injections, Cd did but acetic acid did not produce tolerance to itself. Furthermore, the mice made tolerant to Cd were not cross-tolerant to acetic acid, but the acetic-acid treated mice were cross-tolerant to Cd. These results suggest that Cd and acetic acid may produce the stretch response through different mechanisms, and the Cd induced response might serve as a screening test for aspirin-like agents. PMID- 6225879 TI - Biochemical aspects in the experimental barbital dependence IV--its effect on the hexokinase and phosphofructokinase activities in the rat brain. AB - Effects of barbital dosing on the neural hexokinase (EC 2.7.1.1) and phosphofructokinase (EC 2.7.2.11) activities in the rat, were examined. The barbital dependence in the rat was acquired by giving the barbital-admixed food. These two enzyme activities were investigated in the following three dissected portions of the brain: cerebral cortex, brain stem and cerebellum. The both enzyme activities in these three portions were depressed by the barbital dosing, while them being increased at the early stage of its withdrawal. From these results, it is considered that the measurements of hexokinase and phosphofructokinase activities probably give a possibility to estimate the degree of barbital dependence and its withdrawal, and that these two enzyme activities can be good indices in these conditions. PMID- 6225880 TI - Citric acid and fibronectin in periodontal therapy. PMID- 6225881 TI - Hepatitis B virus vaccine. An opportunity for control. PMID- 6225882 TI - Hypercalcemia associated with oral isotretinoin in the treatment of severe acne. PMID- 6225883 TI - [Electron microscopic enzyme cytochemical study of rat brain in acute hypoxic hypoxia]. PMID- 6225884 TI - [Effect of medroxyprogesterone acetate (MAP) and vitamin C on DMBA induced rat mammary cancer in relation to estrogen receptor(ER)]. AB - In mature male and female SD rats, the anti-weight gain effect of durabolin plus vitamin C or vitamin C alone was statistically significant compared to durabolin treated and control rats. The anti-tumor and anti-weight gain effects of MAP plus vitamin C on DMBA-induced rat mammary cancer were compared with those of MAP and vitamin C in relation to ER. An anti-tumor effect was noted in the MAP treated groups, irrespective of the ER status; it was more pronounced in the MAP (100 mg/kg) plus vitamin C treated group with ER+tumors. Among the ER+tumor groups, weight gain was remarkable in the MAP-treated (20 mg/kg) animals; an anti-weight gain effect was seen in the MAP (20 mg/kg) plus vitamin C group. PMID- 6225885 TI - [Studies on the Lp(a) lipoprotein in Japanese]. PMID- 6225886 TI - [CT diagnosis of membranous obstruction of the inferior vena cava]. PMID- 6225887 TI - [Studies on staphylococcal coagulase type and phage type isolated from pyodermas, especially impetigo contagiosa]. PMID- 6225888 TI - [Therapeutic experience of renovascular hypertension by percutaneous transluminal renal angioplasty: study of 3 patients]. PMID- 6225889 TI - [Characteristics of pulmonary perfusion in coronary artery disease noninvasive estimation with digital perfusion images (DPI)]. PMID- 6225890 TI - [Evaluation of left ventricular relaxation using ECG gated cardiac blood pool scan]. PMID- 6225892 TI - [Day care of handicapped children. 9. Physical examination]. PMID- 6225891 TI - [Evaluation of regional ventilation in patients with lung cancer: a comparison with Xenon-133 and Krypton-81m studies]. PMID- 6225894 TI - [Day care for handicapped children. 11. The activities and observation of the children]. PMID- 6225893 TI - [Day care of handicapped children. 10. The first special train for the handicapped in Japan]. PMID- 6225895 TI - Clinicopathological features in the Japanese patients with IgA nephropathy. AB - The actual state of IgA nephropathy in Japan was surveyed throughout the nation by a questionnaire. Five hundred patients were collected from 26 departments of pediatrics and 2,175 from 27 internal medicine. IgA nephropathy accounted for 19.2% of the children and 30.0% of the adults among primary glomerular diseases. Most of the patients, regardless children and adults, were detected by chance proteinuria and/or hematuria. No significant difference of renal glomerular findings were observed morphologically, between the children and the adults. IgA nephropathy was characterized by relatively benign clinical course, namely, 87.2% of the children and 74.6% of the adults had a favorable outcome. Nephrotic syndrome developed in 4.6% of the children and 3.7% of the adults, and hypertension in 4.6% and 10.6% of the children and the adults, respectively. While, the fact should not be neglected that 1.8% of the children and 8.0% of the adults developed renal failure or died. PMID- 6225896 TI - [Early diagnosis of cor pulmonale]. PMID- 6225897 TI - [Instantaneous pulmonary capillary blood flow measurement by a direct intratracheal flow method]. PMID- 6225898 TI - ATPase activity and calcium uptake of microsomes isolated from stomach smooth muscle after exposure to phospholipase C. AB - ATPase activity and Ca2+ uptake were examined in microsomal membrane fractions isolated from guinea pig stomach smooth muscle which had been exposed to phospholipase C (PLC). Basal Mg2+-ATPase, Na+, K+-ATPase and Ca2+, Mg2+-ATP activities were inhibited in a time dependent manner by PLC treatment. There was positive correlations between each of these ATPase activities and total phospholipid content of the microsomal fraction. Phosphotidylcholine restored Ca2+, Mg2+-ATPase activity of the microsomal fraction isolated from the tissue which had been treated with PLC for 30 min but not after 60 min. Ca2+ uptake in the presence of ATP by microsomal fraction from tissue treated with PLC for 60 min was significantly decreased. The results provide a cellular basis for the inhibitory effect of PLC on contractility of stomach smooth muscle. PMID- 6225899 TI - [Cardiopulmonary dysfunction and pulmonary tuberculosis]. PMID- 6225900 TI - [Arterial pressure and concentrations of blood lipids in the populations of Moscow and Leningrad]. AB - Epidemiological investigation of two randomized groups of men born in 1916-1935 (3908 men in Moscow, 3907 in Leningrad) has shown that in both populations there is a direct relationship between the arterial pressure (AP) and the level of total cholesterol (CS), triglycerides (TG) and cholesterol lipoproteids of high density (CS-LPHD) in blood plasma. A strong correlation between the level of the systolic arterial pressure (SAP) and age has been established. Age variations of the lipid levels were insignificant. The total CS, TG, SAP levels and the diastolic AP increase with the growth of the relative body weight, while the CS LPHD level decreases. In the group engaged in manual labour the total CS and TG levels are simultaneously lowered and those of CS-LPHD and SAP elevated. There is a direct relationship between the level of CS-LPHD, AP and alcohol intake. Smoking somewhat lowers the level of CS-LPHD and AP. The direct relationship between AP and the level of CS-LPHD remains after complex analysis including all the factors studied. PMID- 6225902 TI - [Transport of newborn infants with surgical diseases]. PMID- 6225901 TI - [Prevention of stress disorders of myocardial contractile function using membrane protectors]. AB - The effect of preliminary administration of the adrenoblocker inderal, the lipase inhibitor nicotinamide, and the phospholipase inhibitor chloroquine on the disturbance of the myocardium extensibility and contractile function, the decrease of its resistance to hypoxia and to the calcium excess usually caused by emotional-painful stress was studied on the isolated rat atrium. It was established that these drugs prevented the above post-stress disturbances without significant affection of control animals. Nicotinamide was found to be the most effective, its protective action on the myocardium was accompanied by the prevention of the stress-induced increase of free fatty acids in the blood. The whole complex of data suggests that together with the activation of lipid peroxidation, the activation of lipases and phospholipases the damaging action of fatty acids play a role in the stress-induced damage; it also gives bases to use the factors stabilizing the membranous lipid bilayer for the heart protection against the stress-induced damages. PMID- 6225903 TI - The school nurse's role in vision screening for the difficult-to-test student. AB - This article discusses the importance of providing vision screening services to students who are difficult-to-test and describes strategies for providing such services. Included in the discussion is an overview of various instruments that may be used to assess visual acuity. One of the instruments, the Parsons Visual Acuity Test, is described in detail as a tool for assessing visual acuity of the difficult-to-test. In addition, a discussion is presented which emphasizes the importance of providing follow-up services to those children who are referred for professional eye examinations. The authors delineate the vital role of the school nurse in assisting the difficult-to-test students to gain necessary vision care services through screening, referral, obtaining appropriate treatment and providing follow-up services. PMID- 6225904 TI - The use of communication boards in a residential setting: an evaluation. AB - This study examines the use of communication boards by seven nonspeaking, nonambulatory, severely mentally retarded students (all functioning at an early preoperational level cognitively) interacting with their teachers in a residential classroom setting. The authors present a method by which the spontaneous use of communication boards can be assessed as to actual functionality in meeting the students' communicative needs. The students' reliance on and success with their communication boards were analyzed relative to nonboard modes (e.g., gestures and vocalizations). Analysis of videotaped nonspeaking student-teacher interactions revealed that these students rarely used their communication boards despite their severe inability to convey messages by any other means. Use of the communication boards rather than alternate modes neither increased the likelihood of success nor decreased the ambiguity of student messages. Communication boards thus appeared to add little to the communicative competence of these students in interacting with their teachers. These findings are discussed in terms of the need to assess nonspeaking persons' use of augmentative systems outside the speech-language pathology setting, in order to begin to identify, explain, and treat communication breakdowns arising from interactions between nonspeaking persons and those with whom they attempt to interact in their daily living experiences. PMID- 6225905 TI - Some observations concerning premeaningful vocalizations of hearing--impaired infants. PMID- 6225906 TI - A longitudinal study of the development of stop consonant production in normal and Down's syndrome children. AB - In order to compare phonological development in normal and Down's syndrome children, longitudinal observations were made of four normal children from 18 to 36 months of age and five Down's syndrome children from 3 to 6 years of age. Singleton stops and stop clusters were analyzed to determine if the Down's syndrome children evidenced phonological processes and other sound patterns similar to those of the normal children. Although quite similar patterns were observed for the two groups, the Down's syndrome children showed considerable delay in comparison to the normally developing children. PMID- 6225907 TI - Evaluating the effectiveness of a communication board training program. AB - This study introduces a technique for systemically observing the consequences of various aspects of treatment on the communicative effectiveness of nonspeaking persons using communication boards in natural settings. The case study of Kay, a 24-year-old nonspeaking woman residing in a nursing home, is presented. Three major factors were found to operate cumulatively in increasing Kay's overall communicative effectiveness: 1) revising the design of her original communication board; 2) training her to functionally use her new board to meet her daily communicative needs; and then 3) introducing interaction strategies to her listeners through an inservice training program. Highlights of Kay's and her staff's programs are discussed. PMID- 6225908 TI - Immunological monitoring of diabetic and nondiabetic recipients of renal allografts. AB - Peripheral blood T-lymphocyte populations were monitored sequentially in diabetic recipients of renal allografts. Unfractionated buffy coat preparations were reacted with the murine monoclonal antibodies, OKT3 (all circulating T-cells), OKT4 (helper/inducer/regulatory T-cells), and OKT8 (cytotoxic/suppressor cells). Levels of peripheral blood lymphocyte subpopulations of diabetic patients monitored prior to transplantation revealed no significant abnormalities. Following transplantation, but prior to any therapy for acute rejection, the mean percentage of OKT3, 4, and 8 reactive cells in diabetic recipients closely resembled those observed in nondiabetic recipients. After treatment for acute rejection, a marked decrease in the mean OKT4/OKT8 ratio from normal (1.90 +/- 0.7) was observed in both diabetic (1.04 +/- 0.5), and nondiabetic (1.35 +/- 0.5) allograft recipients. Eleven of thirteen diabetic recipients with long-term functioning allografts were found to have a depressed OKT4/OKT8 ratio (mean 1.03 +/- 0.6). T-cell subset monitoring of diabetics with end-stage renal failure failed to reveal any significant differences from nondiabetic, uremic patients. The high incidence (75%) of allograft rejection noted in these diabetic allograft recipients similarly suggests normal immunocompetence. Following successful completion of rejection therapy, however, reduction in the ratio of OKT4 to OKT8 reactive cells suggests that an alteration in immune responsiveness has occurred. Immunological monitoring of these long-term diabetic recipients with functioning allografts suggests that the observation of a consistently depressed OKT4/OKT8 ratio may (1) be useful in predicting continued allograft function and (2) prompt the more rapid reduction of steroid medication to maintenance dosage since this pattern may be indicative of subclinical viral infection. PMID- 6225909 TI - Scanning electron microscopy of the structural reconstruction of the abdominal wall after experimental paramedian incision. AB - The various healing stages of experimental paramedian incisions in the right rectus sheath of 36 albino rats were examined by utilizing the scanning electron and the light microscope. The successive reconstruction processes were visualized stereoscopically at a cellular level. During the inflammatory stage (7 days) various inflammatory cells accumulated around a wide network of trabeculae which traversed the gap of the wound. The fibrillogenetic stage increased in the period between the 2nd and 12th weeks postoperatively. Various stages of fiber maturation were visualized. Mechanisms of fiber formation, maturation, and junction between the newly formed fibers and the old healthy ones at the wound margin were also seen three dimensionally and described. The newly formed fibers were always arranged parallel to each other in a definite direction. This direction had a constant angular relationship to the long axis of the wound, i.e., the line of incision, regardless of the direction of the incision itself. This constant relationship might prove to be useful to the surgeon while choosing his incision in the anterior abdominal wall. PMID- 6225910 TI - Enzymatic determination of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate in biological fluids. AB - A simple method is described for the determination of androgens, particularly dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), in human plasma and urine. The method does not involve extraction or chromatography. An internal standard is used as reference. The androgens are enzymatically converted to estrogens and these latter compounds can be measured by the enzymatic method previously described [1]. The range of accuracy was between 99 and 103%. The precision of the method was 2.5%. The sensitivity was 0.1 pM per sample. The method is suitable for routine use, and one worker can easily perform twenty assays in one day. PMID- 6225911 TI - Carbinolamines and related structures--potential alkylating metabolites of clinically active anticancer drugs. AB - The precise biochemical mechanism by which a number of clinically-active anticancer compounds function remains unclear. Among these are procarbazine (NSC 77213), cyclophosphamide (NSC-26271), streptozotocin (NSC-85998), dacarbazine (NSC-45388), and hexamethylmelamine (NSC-13875). In all cases, there is an N methyl or N-alkyl substituent which can be or has been shown to generate carbinolamine-like intermediates as a result of oxidative metabolism. Such intermediates can react with amines, imines, sulfhydryls and similar functional groups to form covalent linkages. Thus, carbinolamine metabolites of these clinically-active compounds are proposed as the active agents capable of altering covalently nucleic acids and proteins. It is this alkylating property that may be responsible for these compounds adversely effecting the mitosis of neoplastic cells. Thus, a unifying hypothesis is proposed whereby metabolic hydroxylation of various miscellaneous anticancer agents is the basis for biological activity. In essence, therefore, three broad classes of alkylating agents may be perceived: (1) the classical alkylators such as the nitrogen and sulfur mustards and the sulfonates, (2) bioreductive alkylating agents, and (3) biooxidative alkylating agents such as the carbinolamines. Though the chemical spectrum of each category may be highly diverse, nevertheless, all function as alkylating agents. PMID- 6225912 TI - Specific ligand-induced association of an enzyme. A new model of dissociating allosteric enzyme. AB - The kinetic behavior of dissociative enzyme system of the type inactive monomer in equilibrium active dimer where dimeric form is stabilized by specific ligand (in particular by substrate) which is bound in the region of the contact of monomers has been analysed. It is assumed that the dissociation of dimer results in formation of monomers which retain the subsites for specific ligand binding. The shape of the dependences of enzyme reaction rate (v) on substrate concentration (S) has been characterized using the order of enzyme reaction rate with respect to substrate concentration: ns = d ln v/d ln [S]. When the substrate concentrations are low the dependences of v on [S] have S-shaped form (the maximum value of ns exceeds the unity) at the definite values of the parameters of the enzyme system. The value of ns approaches--2 at sufficiently high substrate concentrations (in the region where the substrate reveals the inhibitory effect due to blocking the association of inactive monomers into active dimer). The methods of calculation of the parameters of the dissociative enzyme system under discussion have been elaborated on the basis of the analysis of the experimental dependences of specific enzyme activity on enzyme concentration obtained at various fixed substrate concentrations. PMID- 6225913 TI - Computer modeling of muscle phosphofructokinase kinetics. AB - The kinetics of the phosphofructokinase reaction were studied by computer modeling. A general random order, two-state allosteric model, of which the Monod- Wyman--Changeux model is a limiting case, was found to most accurately reproduce the experimental observations of Pettigrew & Frieden (1979 a,b). A simplified model with Hill coefficients was found to fit almost as well. In these models substrates bind preferentially to and stabilize the enzyme in the R state, and ATPH3-, the inhibitory species, binds preferentially to and stabilizes the enzyme in the T state. Enzymatic activity is regulated by conversion from the R to the T state, which is effected by protonation, especially of the uncomplexed enzyme, but the experimental data are inadequate for accurate estimation of the pKa of the enzyme. Random order binding of substrates is an important cause of sigmoidal kinetics. Additional experiments that would aid in the discrimination among rival models are described. PMID- 6225914 TI - Valved and nonvalved right ventricular--pulmonary arterial extracardiac conduits. An experimental comparison. AB - Extracardiac conduits are essential in operations for congenital discontinuity between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery. The disturbing degree of obstruction reported in clinical series of extracardiac conduits containing porcine valves has been attributed in part to early valve deterioration and the development of a thick neonintimal lining within the Dacron graft. This study compares the hemodynamic differences and the thickness of the neointimal lining in right ventricular extracardiac conduits with and without a porcine valve. Woven Dacron conduits (16 mm) were implanted in 15 adult mongrel dogs, and then the proximal pulmonary artery was occluded with Dacron tape. In six dogs, the extracardiac conduit contained a porcine valve, whereas in the other nine it did not. Cardiac output, transconduit gradient, and resistance were measured at operation and 6 and 12 months postoperatively in both groups. No hemodynamic differences were noted. After 1 year, the thickness of the neointimal lining was threefold greater in valved conduits (1,370 +/- 313.1 mu versus 367 +/- 28.07 mu, p less than 0.005). The neointima along the Dacron graft was thickest proximal and distal to the porcine valve. The luminal peel in valved conduits contained fenestrations and intimal flaps, similar to those observed clinically. In our model, a porcine valve in a right ventricular extracardiac conduit is associated with intimal hyperplasia not seen in nonvalved conduits. If the pulmonary vascular resistance is normal, then the absence of a valve within the conduit does not significantly change hemodynamics and may warrant clinical application to prevent late conduit obstruction. PMID- 6225915 TI - The anti-allergic inflammation action of Saikosaponins. PMID- 6225916 TI - A medical flaw in handicapped parking--an interview with Del. Daniel J. Minnick, Jr. (D., 8th, Balto. County) by Blaine Taylor. PMID- 6225917 TI - [Porous synthetic materials in external ear reconstruction]. AB - An investigation was done on the suitability of four porous synthetic materials- Dacron, porous polyethylene, Proplast II and Teflon--for use as a framework in external ear reconstruction. For this purpose, folded implants up to 1,8 mm thick were implanted under the abdominal skin of rats to create a standing skin fold. The fibrin glue proved useful. After 10 months the most convincing of the synthetic materials was porous polyethylene, which offered advantages over the other materials in handling, and retained a lasting form. This synthetic was also used in clinical reconstruction of the external ear. PMID- 6225918 TI - The diagnosis and examination of ascitic fluid. PMID- 6225920 TI - [Work of the nurse in the city polyclinic]. PMID- 6225919 TI - [Radionuclide study of ventilation and perfusion in different sections of the lungs]. AB - At present in the practice of radionuclide methods of investigation of the ventilation and blood flow one mistakes either a regional ventilated volume or the rate of indicator clearance from a given region for regional alveolar ventilation. The regional ventilation-perfusion ratio is obtained by dividing corresponding values expressed not in absolute but in relative units that causes erroneous results. A method proposed in this paper makes it possible to calculate regional distributions of ventilation, perfusion and their ratio as won as the values of mean time and the passage of an indicator through the alveolar bronchial space and the vascular bed of the lungs strictly in accordance with the conditions of the clinical physiology of respiration. Measurements were taken according to an established method using either a gamma-chamber or a radiographic unit with autonomous detectors. To study the regional blood flow, 133Xe and 99mTc MAA can be used. An assumption of preserving the persistence of the general ventilation-perfusion ratio for the lungs with any regional disturbances of this ratio should be attributed to the most serious allowances of this method. PMID- 6225921 TI - [Role of nurses in organizing medical care for the rural population by field units]. PMID- 6225922 TI - [First aid in acute poisonings of children with wild berries]. PMID- 6225923 TI - [Role of the nurse in organizing the differentiated observation of young infants]. PMID- 6225924 TI - [Improving the qualifications of nurses in pediatric hospitals]. PMID- 6225925 TI - [Endoscopic study methods in gynecology]. PMID- 6225926 TI - [Nurse in the pediatric ENT department]. PMID- 6225927 TI - [Work of nurses in a pediatric pulmonology sanatorium]. PMID- 6225928 TI - Systemic lupus erythematosus in males. AB - A study of 51 males being followed in the Wellesley Hospital Toronto SLE Clinic examined the questions of whether SLE in males was similar to that in females and whether affected males differ from unaffected males with respect to their maleness and sex hormone profile. Fifty of the men were phenotypically males, and one was known to have Klinefelter syndrome (karyotype 47 XXY). All had four or more 1982 revised criteria for SLE. Fifty females matched with respect to age and duration of disease were used as controls. In examining the spectrum of the disease, 21 clinical and laboratory manifestations were assessed. Although neurologic involvement, alopecia, and thrombocytopenia were less common and pleuritis more common in the males, none of these was statistically significant. Comparison of disease severity revealed only one statistically significant difference: the mean duration of corticosteroid usage was longer in the females. There was also a tendency for cytotoxic agents to be used more frequently in the females. It was thus concluded that spectrum and severity of the disease tended to be similar in males and females. The frequency of positive family histories for SLE and other autoimmune diseases was similar in males and females. The age of onset tended to be more evenly distributed in males than in females, with one quarter of the males diagnosed after the age of 50. HLA typing revealed increased frequencies of the B8 and DR3 antigens in the SLE males compared with normal controls, as had previously also been shown for SLE populations with a female preponderance.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6225929 TI - Patterns of awareness in children's understanding of disabilities. PMID- 6225930 TI - Purification and properties of the bacteriophage lambda Int protein. PMID- 6225931 TI - Analysis of the phiX174 gene A protein using in vitro DNA replication systems. PMID- 6225932 TI - Chromogenic method to screen very large populations of bacteriophage plaques for the presence of specific antigen. PMID- 6225933 TI - Oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis of DNA fragments cloned into M13 vectors. PMID- 6225934 TI - Uses of arginaseless cells in the study of polyamine metabolism (Neurospora crassa). PMID- 6225935 TI - A double-isotope derivative assay for polyamines. PMID- 6225936 TI - Ornithine decarboxylase assay permitting early determination of histocompatibility in the mixed lymphocyte reaction. PMID- 6225937 TI - Localized mutagenesis of any specific region of the Escherichia coli chromosome with bacteriophage Mu. PMID- 6225939 TI - Immune response to Toxoplasma gondii. I. Toxoplasma-specific proliferation response of peripheral blood lymphocytes from patients with toxoplasmosis. AB - Peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) from patients with toxoplasmosis were shown to be highly responsive to in vitro stimulation with Toxoplasma gondii extract as measured by incorporation of [3H]methylated thymidine. Analysis of Toxoplasma specific proliferative cells in PBL by using monoclonal antibodies specific for human T cell subsets revealed that the Toxoplasma-specific proliferation response of PBL from the patients was mediated by Leu 1, Leu 3a positive cells, that is, helper/inducer T cells. Tests for the Toxoplasma-specific proliferation response may provide a readily available method for the diagnosis of congenital toxoplasmosis, especially during the newborn period. PMID- 6225938 TI - Double Holliday structure: a possible in vivo intermediate form of general recombination in Escherichia coli. AB - From Escherichia coli cells we purified '8'-shaped dimeric molecules in which two circular DNA molecules of bacteriophage lambda were joined at a homologous site. Some of them had a complex junction which we interpreted as being two closely spaced Holliday structures because of (i) superhelicity of the molecule, (ii) the sedimentation rate of the molecule in sucrose gradients, and (iii) the appearance in the electron microscope. Other 'figure-eights's' had two separate homologous junctions, presumably two Holliday bridges. A possible role for these 'double Holliday structures' in UV-stimulated recA-dependent recombination in vivo is discussed. PMID- 6225940 TI - The Depo-Provera public hearing. PMID- 6225941 TI - The United Nations and the medical profession. PMID- 6225942 TI - Kinetic properties of mutant enzymes in erythrocyte phosphofructokinase deficiency and erythrocyte pyruvate kinase deficiency. PMID- 6225943 TI - Effect of insulin on glycolysis in rat diaphragm muscle: comparison with the effect in quiescent 3T3 fibroblasts. PMID- 6225944 TI - Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. PMID- 6225946 TI - [Clinovir treatment of adenocarcinoma of the uterus with lung metastases]. PMID- 6225945 TI - [Properties of mouse spleen residual condensed chromatin associated with the nuclear matrix]. AB - Properties of condensed residual chromatin of mouse spleen, a component of residual nuclear structures, were studied. Extraction of the structures with buffers of different NaCl concentrations showed that the condensed chromatin consists of condensed nucleosomal chains. On increasing the ionic strength the complexes gradually fell apart into separate nucleosomal chains. DNA of condensed chromatin was accessible to staphylococcal nuclease and DNAase I, but digestion of this DNA was not accompanied by solubilization of the residual chromatin. Besides the essentially decreased total content of nonhistone chromosomal proteins the condensed chromatin practically did not contain HMG proteins. The nucleosome repeat length of this chromatin was shorter than that of chromatin solubilized by staphylococcal nuclease. PMID- 6225947 TI - Slowing of twitch of dystrophic mouse muscle in partially due to altered activity pattern. AB - Fast-twitch muscles of the hindlimb of dystrophic (dy2J) mice show a prolongation of both the contraction and relaxation phases of the isometric twitch. Comparable muscles of the forelimb of these mice exhibit relatively little increase in time to peak tension but time to half-relaxation is as severely affected as in the hindlimb. When examined with an immunohistochemical technique to demonstrate the presence of "slow" myosin it was apparent that there were no fibers containing the "slow" isoenzyme in either hindlimb or forelimb muscles of 6-month control mice. In dy2J mice hindlimb muscles contained many fibers with "slow" myosin whereas forelimb muscles did not. It is suggested that the spontaneous twitching activity produced in the hindlimbs, as a result of amyelination of the spinal roots, induces synthesis of "slow" myosin, which in turn leads to prolongation of time to peak twitch tension. PMID- 6225948 TI - Heparan sulfate--rich anionic sites in the human glomerular basement membrane. Decreased concentration in congenital nephrotic syndrome. AB - Recent work suggests that the normal barrier to penetration of the renal glomerular basement membrane by anionic plasma proteins may depend in part on the existence of negatively charged sites within the membrane. We describe an in vitro cytochemical method for the quantitative demonstration of anionic sites in the normal human glomerular basement membrane. In five normal subjects, ranging in age from 10 days to 57 years, the sites were distributed at regular intervals in the lamina rara externa, with a frequency of 23.8 +/- 6.8 sites per 1000-nm length of membrane. A similar distribution was observed in the basement membranes from three normal human fetuses. Ex vivo perfusion of one cadaver kidney revealed a similar distribution of anionic sites. The number of anionic sites in the glomerular basement membranes of five patients with the congenital nephrotic syndrome was reduced to 8.9 +/- 3.7 (P less than 0.001). Prior incubation of sections of normal kidney in purified heparinase resulted in a marked reduction in the number of anionic sites. We conclude that congenital nephrosis results from failure of heparan sulfate--rich anionic sites to develop in the lamina rara externa of the glomerular basement membrane. PMID- 6225949 TI - Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological exercises. Case 44-1983. A 41-year-old woman with spastic tetraparesis and short stature. PMID- 6225950 TI - Suppression of carbamazepine-induced skin rash with prednisone. PMID- 6225951 TI - Mycotoxins in cereal grain. Part IX. Zearalenone and Fusaria in wheat, barley, rye and corn kernels. AB - Toxigenic Fusaria, producing zearalenone, appeared in 31% of cereal grain samples. However zearalenone was present only in 0.5% of 584 cereal samples assayed during 1979-1981 at level 0.2-1.2 mg/kg. Fungi able to form zearalenone were present mainly in grain collected from breeding stations. Fusarium culmorum was dominant among toxigenic isolates from domestic cereals and yield of zearalenone was up to 700 mg/kg. PMID- 6225953 TI - Indirect immunofluorescent antibody test in chicken leucocytozoonosis. AB - The indirect immunofluorescent antibody technique was applied to detection of antigens of different developmental stages of Leucocytozoon caulleryi and antibodies in the sera of chickens infected with L. caulleryi by using second generation merozoite and gametocyte antigens. Zygotes, ookinetes and sporozoites in midges, and second generation merozoites and gametocytes in chickens indicated specific fluorescence. Indirect immunofluorescent antibody titers were higher than agar gel precipitation antibody titers. So the detection of the antibody by the indirect immunofluorescent antibody technique was possible in the sera in which the antibody could not be detected by the agal gel precipitation test. Therefore, the indirect immunofluorescent antibody technique was applicable to chicken leucocytozoonosis as a highly sensitive serological diagnostic method. PMID- 6225952 TI - Differential inhibition by erythro-9-[3-(2-hydroxynonyl)]adenine of flagella-like and cilia-like movement of Leishmania promastigotes. AB - Erythro-9-[3-(2-hydroxynonyl)]adenine (EHNA) inhibits axonemal dynein ATPase activity and hence the beating of sea urchin and mammalian flagella. We have found that EHNA has an unusual effect on the flagella of Leishmania promastigotes in that it alters both the waveform and polarity of the beat. We report here results which suggest that in Leishmania promastigotes there are either distinct EHNA-sensitive dyneins or different conformational states of a single dynein involved in the cilia-like and flagella-like waveforms and in the propagation of flagellar waves from tip-to-base and from base-to-tip. PMID- 6225954 TI - [Clinical significance of degenerative disorders of the lumbar spine and consequences of their demonstration. Neurological aspects]. PMID- 6225955 TI - [Clinical significance of degenerative disorders of the lumbar spine and consequences of their demonstration. Orthopedic aspects]. PMID- 6225956 TI - [Clinical significance of degenerative disorders of the lumbar spine and consequences of their demonstration. Insurance medicine aspects in the evaluation of work capacity]. PMID- 6225957 TI - [Blepharitis]. PMID- 6225958 TI - [Discharge characteristics of spindle receptors located in different parts of the soleus muscle in the cat]. AB - A procedure is described for precise location of the capsula of a muscle spindle within the muscle by a restricted coagulation which abolishes the discharge of the spindle afferent. The point for coagulation was approximately determined by careful stretching of a little portion of muscle fibres, by slight pressure on the external and internal surface of the muscle, by intramuscular and external electric stimulation. The analysis of the dynamic and static sensitivity of 48 units shows that the differences in responses to stepwise stretching existing among both primary and secondary endings do not depend on the location of muscle spindles in different parts of m. soleus, but probably reflect variations in the density of afferent terminal contacts in 3 types of intrafusal muscle fibres. PMID- 6225959 TI - Roles of dopamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine in stereotyped and non-stereotyped behaviour. AB - The roles of dopamine (DA) and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) in stereotyped and non stereotyped components of the classical behavioural syndromes induced by 5-HT and DA were investigated by studying (a) behavioural interactions between the DA agonist apomorphine and the 5-HT agonist 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5 MeODMT) and (b) the effects of depletion of 5-HT on the behavioural responses to amphetamine and p-chloroamphetamine. In agreement with evidence [Andrews, Fernando and Curzon (1982) Neuropharmacology 21:63-68] that non-stereotyped (i.e. body shakes and hind limb abduction) and stereotyped (i.e. head weaving and reciprocal forepaw treading) behaviour induced by d-amphetamine (25 mg/kg, i.p.) were inhibited and enhanced respectively by DA, apomorphine inhibited two non stereotyped behavioural responses induced by 5-MeODMT (hind limb abduction and Straub tail) but enhanced reciprocal forepaw treading. However, head weaving was inhibited. Evidence indicated that behaviour induced by DA (whether stereotyped or not) was inhibited by 5-HT. Thus, the induction by apomorphine of sniffing and mouth movements was enhanced when the synthesis of 5-HT was inhibited. Also, p chloroamphetamine caused sniffing and mouth movements only when 5-HT synthesis was inhibited. Under the latter conditions, while most classical behavioural responses associated with 5-HT did not occur, hind limb abduction persisted. Similarly, amphetamine (25 mg/kg) caused hind limb abduction and forepaw treading even when 5-HT was almost completely depleted. These results may indicate that the amine releasers have some direct 5-HT agonist properties. Results in general indicate the multiplicity of behavioural interactions between DA and 5-HT. PMID- 6225960 TI - Effects of apomorphine and methamphetamine on a quickly-learned conditioned suppression response in rats. AB - Rats exhibited a marked suppression of motor activity when placed in the same chamber where they had been given electric shocks. Administration of apomorphine HCl (0.1, 0.5 and 1.0 mg/kg, i.p.) attenuated the conditioned suppression, dose dependently, but did not facilitate motor activity of control (i.e. non-shocked) rats. Methamphetamine-HCl (0.1, 0.5 and 1 mg/kg, i.p.) increased motor activity of both the shocked and non-shocked rats, in a dose-related manner. Haloperidol (0.3 and 1 mg/kg, i.p.), but not chlorpromazine-HCl (5 mg/kg, i.p.), enhanced the conditioned-suppression response. Atropine-sulfate (5 and 10 mg/kg, i.p.), p chlorophenylalanine (300 mg/kg, i.p.) and alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine (100 mg/kg, i.p.) were slightly effective in reducing the conditioned-suppression response. Apomorphine- and methamphetamine-induced reduction of the conditioned-suppression response was inhibited by pretreatment with haloperidol. When catecholamine synthesizing processes in rats were inhibited by pretreatment with alpha-methyl-p tyrosine, or alpha-adrenergic receptor sites were blocked by pretreatment with phenoxybenzamine, the effect of methamphetamine, but not that of apomorphine, was reduced. Therefore, enhancement of dopaminergic neurotransmission may be responsible for attenuation of the conditioned-suppression response. PMID- 6225961 TI - Cutaneous reactions in head-injured patients receiving phenytoin for seizure prophylaxis. AB - Two types of adverse effects are caused by phenytoin, reversible dose-dependent central nervous system effects and non-dose dependent hypersensitivity effects. The most common presenting symptom of the hypersensitivity reaction is the development of a morbilliform rash. During a 45-month period, 151 head-injured patients received phenytoin for seizure prophylaxis using an 11-mg/kg i.v. and a 13-mg/kg i.m. parenteral loading dose followed by an i.m. or p.o. maintenance dose for therapeutic blood concentrations (10 to 20 micrograms/ml). The patients were followed for 18 months. The incidence of skin reaction to phenytoin was 19.4%, or 24 of 124 patients. Cutaneous reactions occurred from Day 5 through Day 91 of phenytoin therapy. Two patients had more serious reactions after the cutaneous reaction. One patient developed exfoliative dermatitis, and 1 had a pseudolymphoma type syndrome. Both recovered. Patients with cutaneous reactions had higher absolute eosinophil counts (P = 0.01). Other laboratory parameters of the white blood count and the total lymphocyte counts did not differ significantly. Patients receiving dexamethasone had a higher incidence of rash, but this did not reach statistical significance. Because recent data have not documented a seizure-prophylactic effect of phenytoin, only a head-injured patient who has experienced a first posttraumatic seizure should receive the drug. PMID- 6225962 TI - The effect of verbal mediators on the pictorial memory of brain-damaged patients. AB - Patients with alcoholic Korskoff's syndrome, Huntington's Disease, Alzheimer's Disease or right-hemisphere damage were administered a picture recognition task in which they attempted to associate specific human and animal figures with particular scenic backgrounds. Under one condition (no-story), no explicit verbal cues were provided to help the patients associate the figures with the scenes; in a second condition, stories, stories linking the figures to the background scenes were read to the patients during the study period. Although all four patient groups were impaired in picture-context recognition under the no-story condition, the groups differed significantly in their ability to use the stories to improve their pictorial memory. The Huntington and right-hemisphere patients' picture recognition showed significant improvement when stories were provided, whereas the Korsakoff and Alzheimer patients failed to use this verbal material in a productive manner. The groups also differed in their tendency to make intrusion (i.e., perseverative) errors on the picture-context recognition task. These group differences may be related to the combination of language, cognitive and motivational deficits associated with each disease. PMID- 6225963 TI - Characterization of detergent-solubilized adenosine triphosphatase of chromaffin granule membranes. AB - Purified bovine chromaffin granule membranes contain approximately 24 pmol/mg protein (16 copies per granule) of an F1-like adenosine 5'-triphosphatase, and 340 pmol/mg protein (200 copies per granule) of a low-molecular weight protein which reacts covalently with dicyclohexylcarbodiimide. These co-purify on electrofocusing and exclusion chromatography and are apparently components of a proton-translocating adenosine triphosphatase complex, that is involved in maintaining the high concentration of catecholamines in the granules. The membranes contain another adenosine 5'-triphosphatase, of lower molecular weight, which is sensitive to inhibition by vanadate but relatively insensitive to dicyclohexylcarbodiimide. The function of this enzyme is unknown. PMID- 6225964 TI - [Electrocardiographic disorders in the aged. 562 cases over the age of 80]. PMID- 6225965 TI - The origin of androgen synthesis in polycystic ovary syndrome. AB - The site of androgen synthesis was determined in 21 women with polycystic ovary syndrome on the basis of radiographic studies, catheterization of ovarian and adrenal veins, and/or inferior vena cava samplings. Gradients of testosterone, androstenedione, and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate were determined by comparing the levels in adrenal and ovarian veins with those found in antecubital veins. In six patients, the adrenals were the predominant site of androgen synthesis. In five patients, both the ovaries and adrenals participated equally in androgen production. A good correlation was observed between the results obtained from gonadal and adrenal vein catheterizations and dynamic studies using stimulation with pregnyl and inhibition with dexamethasone. The results point to the important role of adrenals and ovaries in androgen overproduction. Stimulation and inhibition tests were in agreement with catheterization data. No correlation was found between morphology and hormonal disturbances. PMID- 6225966 TI - Laparoscopic examination of the normal infertile woman. AB - It is generally accepted that laparoscopy should be performed if a woman's basic infertility evaluation reveals no abnormalities. Although it has been shown that a significant number of these patients have unsuspected pelvic pathology that can be detected by laparoscopy, there is concern about the real benefit of this procedure, ie, does the laparoscopic examination truly lead to more pregnancies than otherwise expected? Presented is a review of a series of 50 female patients whose basic infertility evaluation had failed to reveal any abnormalities. Laparoscopy revealed significant pelvic pathology in 28 cases; of the 16 who had appropriate therapy, eight became pregnant. PMID- 6225967 TI - Direct trocar insertion at laparoscopy: an evaluation. AB - The need for pneumoperitoneum before trocar entry in laparoscopy is evaluated. In over 2000 unselected cases performed in a residency training program from January 1979 to December 1982, three complications of bowel perforation and peritonitis occurred, one despite needle induction of pneumoperitoneum. In entering the abdomen directly with a trocar, critical surgical points are emphasized: adequate relaxation, sharp trocars, adequate skin incision, elevation of the abdominal wall, and insertion of the trocar into the true pelvis. For most patients with no previous abdominal surgery, the authors suggest that this technique offers more clinical security because it does not place reliance on secondary tests but emphasizes concentration entirely upon surgical skill and anatomic knowledge during entry. PMID- 6225968 TI - Back pain--not always due to lifting. PMID- 6225969 TI - Commercial PCP: Toxic Impurities. PMID- 6225970 TI - Back injury prevention means education. PMID- 6225971 TI - Handicap or not? That's the question. PMID- 6225972 TI - Chelsea Back Program: one year later. PMID- 6225973 TI - Stretching away from back pain, injury. PMID- 6225974 TI - Getting the word out about workers' comp. PMID- 6225976 TI - Worker's compensation: working out the problems. PMID- 6225975 TI - Unions can help trim health costs. PMID- 6225977 TI - Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty: experience with 75 cases (part II). PMID- 6225978 TI - [Enzyme therapy in plastic iridocyclitis]. PMID- 6225979 TI - [Acquired myopia and the general state of an organism]. PMID- 6225980 TI - Dental management of the classic hemophiliac with inhibitors. AB - Approximately 15 percent of patients with hemophilia A will develop inhibitors (antibodies) to Factor VIII after replacement infusion. Since Factor VIII replacement therapy is the mainstay of treatment in the hemophiliac, destruction of infused Factor VIII by inhibitors presents significant problems in the treatment of these patients. Different methods of treatment are discussed, including infusion of high doses of Factor VIII and infusion of prothrombin complex concentrate. Two inhibitor patients who presented for dental treatment are examined. One patient had very low inhibitor titers, and the other had very high inhibitor titers. These patients show that dental treatment must be individualized according to severity of the disease process. PMID- 6225981 TI - Physician concern over medication intake: a simple measure of medication use. AB - Medication use is commonly measured in clinical pain control studies. Equivalence to a standard medication (e.g., morphine), effective dosage, and percent changes from before to after treatment have been used to provide quantitative medication intake measures which are amenable to statistical analysis. Problems with these methods arise when specific medications are not found in an extant table or when combinations of medications interact in their effectiveness or side effects. In the present study, a Q-sort technique, whereby physicians rated concern over medication intake, provided a simple, rapid measure of medication intake which is sensitive to treatment effects and is amenable to statistical analysis. PMID- 6225982 TI - [Antigenic affinity of species of the genus Diphyllobothrium (Cestoidea, Diphyllobothriidae) distributed in the territory of Karelia]. AB - Experiments on ringprecipitation reactions with homologous and heterologous antigenes of four species of diphyllobothriids have shown that D. dendriticum and D. ditremum are in a more close antigenic affinity. In relation to the above two species D. vogeli is approximately at the same level. D. latum displayed no antigenic affinity with the above species that, apparently, is connected with its parasitism only in mammals. Schemes of immunization of rabbits for obtaining antisera are given. PMID- 6225983 TI - [Ecology and morphology of the horsefly Tabanus infestus (Tabanidae)]. AB - Unknown earlier male, larva and pupa of Tabanus infestus Bog. et Sam. are described. The male of the species differs from these of T. armenicus and T. indrae in the absence of black hairs on tentacles, in thick long light pubescence of the body, and light pubescence of tibia of the 2nd and 3d pairs of legs. T. infestus is distributed in Armenia and Nakhichevan ASSR in mountain regions at the altitude of 1400 to 1700 m. Larvae, hydrobionts-reophils, develop under stones on the bottom of mountain streams and rivers at the depth of 60 cm. The flight of tabanids lasts depending on the altitude from the first decade of July to the middle of August. PMID- 6225984 TI - [Results of a comparative therapeutic trial of single-dose treatment of non complicated acute male gonorrhea]. AB - A single dose treatment trial with: spectinomycine 2 g, ampicilline + probenecide 3.5 g + 1 g, thiamphenicol 2.5 g, minocycline 300 mg was undertaken. Three teams were involved, epidemiologists clinicians, microbiologists, 636 patients were included, 483 resumed for control. A negative culture on the third day was considered a success. Failure rates were: spectinomycine 4%, ampicilline probenecide 3%, thiamphenicol 4%, minocycline 3%. No significant difference was noted between the four rates. The delay of clinical cure was 1.98 days for spectinomycin, 1.87 days for ampicilline - probenecide, 2.16 days for thiamphenicol and 2.12 for minocycline without significant difference. When side effects were analysed, 10% of the patients reported asthenia without difference between the four treatments. Thiamphenicol is responsible for diarrhea 28%, P less than 0,01 minocycline more significantly responsible for guidiness 13%, P less than 0,001, and 18% treated by spectinomycine complained of pain at the time of injection. The antibiotics MIC's are studied. After the analysis of the results, the cost, and the resistances, one treatment was selected. PMID- 6225985 TI - Deficient lymphokine production of newborn lymphocytes. AB - Lymphokine production by newborn lymphocytes was assessed by measuring migration inhibition factor (MIF) and leukocyte inhibition factor (LIF) of isolated mononuclear cells from cord blood, 1-7-days-old newborns, and adult controls. Ficoll-Hypaque separated mononuclear cells were stimulated with phytohemagglutinin (PHA) or allogeneic lymphocytes in a mixed leukocyte culture (MLC), and the supernatants were harvested at optimal times for lymphokine assays. Thymidine incorporation into DNA was also assayed to calculate a proliferative index. MIF was assessed by the inhibition of adult mononuclear phagocyte cell migration under agarose; LIF was assessed by polymorphonuclear cell migration under agarose. Although the proliferative responses of cord and newborn cells are equivalent or greater than those of adult controls, the PHA induced MIF production in cord blood and newborn lymphocytes was only 46% and 12.5% respectively of mean adult levels; MLC-induced MIF production was 44% and 7%, respectively of mean adult levels. PHA-induced LIF production in cord blood was 27% of adult levels. These differences are only appreciated if dilutions of the supernatants are assayed. Simultaneous assay of MIF and LIF production in dilution of supernatants from adult lymphocytes showed higher LIF activity, whereas in cord lymphocytes MIF activity was greater than LIF activity. This further emphasizes the non-identity of MIF and LIF. These results indicate another abnormality of T cellular immunity in newborns not detected by T-cell enumeration or proliferative responses and parallels other defects in specialized T cell function such as cytotoxicity and immune interferon production. PMID- 6225986 TI - Developmental pattern of maximal transdiaphragmatic pressure in infants during crying. AB - Diaphragm strength was measured as maximal transdiaphragmatic pressure (Pdi) during airway occlusion in 38 infants aged 11.6 +/- 0.5 (S.E.) months postconception (mpc), range 8-21 mpc. All infants were asymptomatic at the time of study and required no mechanical ventilatory assistance. Ten infants had previous surgical correction of abdominal wall defects (gastroschisis/omphalocele); 10 infants had previous surgical correction of congenital diaphragmatic hernia; and 18 infants had no thoracic or abdominal surgery. The mean maximal Pdi for all infants was 72 +/- 3 cmH2O. There were no significant differences between the three groups. All infants with a maximal Pdi of less than 60 cmH2O were aged less than 10 mpc. After 13 mpc there was no significant increase in maximal Pdi. Between the ages 8-13 mpc there was a significant positive correlation between maximal Pdi and age postconception (r = 0.87, P less than 0.0005), reflecting a developmental pattern of increasing maximal transdiaphragmatic pressure in infants during crying. PMID- 6225987 TI - [Role and significance of circulating immune complexes in the diagnosis of perinatal infections of the newborn infant]. PMID- 6225988 TI - [Results of studies on circulating immune complexes in newborn infants with infections]. PMID- 6225989 TI - [Association of trisomy 21 and gonosomal trisomy. Apropos of 2 cases]. AB - The existence of double autosomal trisomy is exceptional in a newborn child: - Down syndrome and trisomy 18. --Down syndrome and trisomy 13. On the other hand, the association of an autosomal trisomy, generally Down syndrome with gonosomal trisomy, is less rare with an extra X (triplo X, Klinefelter) or an extra Y. The association of Down syndrome with Turner XO syndrome (autosomal gonosomal association) doesn't insert in the subject, and has been described only once in the literature. PMID- 6225990 TI - Touch and vision in normal and Down's syndrome babies. AB - Two experiments are reported with young Down's syndrome and normal children matched for mental age, sex, and social class. In one, Down's syndrome children performed at chance level on two tactual--visual cross-modal tasks, and only the oldest succeeded with one of two visual--visual within-modal tasks. The modal children performed at above chance level on the visual--visual tasks, and on the tactual--visual tasks the oldest succeeded on two and the youngest on one of the tasks. These results suggest that Down's syndrome children may have some sort of difficulty involving tactual perception. The second experiment examined the effect of touch on visual behaviour. Down's syndrome children and their matched controls looked at pairs of shapes which sometimes could be touched and sometimes could not. In the former condition the Down's syndrome children touched less, and looking and touching was less coordinated than that of normal children. However, both groups made fewer but longer looks when they could touch the shapes. In the light of these results the role of tactual perception in Down's syndrome children is discussed. PMID- 6225991 TI - Some comments on extraction analysis of cations complexed with a crown ether. AB - A brief review is given on the use of crown ethers in solubilizing salts of alkali and alkaline earth ions in organic polar or apolar solvents. Use of crown ethers can also be made in testing e.g. lithium salts for potassium by extraction as LKpicrate, L being 18-crown-6. PMID- 6225992 TI - Preliminary experiences with laser Doppler velocimetry for the determination of amputation levels. AB - Laser Doppler velocimetry is a newly available technique for the continuous and non-invasive measurement of capillary perfusion. The technique is presented and preliminary results of its use in the evaluation of amputation levels in 16 patients discussed. PMID- 6225993 TI - The attendance allowance. PMID- 6225994 TI - Industrial accident: 2. Claiming benefits. PMID- 6225995 TI - Nursing care study: release from pain. PMID- 6225996 TI - [Electrocardiographic examination in the diagnosis of chronic cor pulmonale]. PMID- 6225997 TI - [Hemolytic-uremic syndrome]. PMID- 6225998 TI - Drug-induced allergic and hypersensitivity reactions. PMID- 6225999 TI - The influence of social security systems on psychosomatic difficulties. PMID- 6226000 TI - [Value of the determination of somatomedins in acromegaly]. PMID- 6226001 TI - [Myocardial infarction before the age of 35. Clinical and coronarographic aspects]. AB - Myocardial infarction under the age of 35 is no longer a rarity. A series of 22 patients exhibited all the usual epidemiological, clinical and angiographic features of the disease: risk factors, predominantly excessive smoking associated with dyslipoproteinaemia in 50% of the cases; onset during exercise in one quarter of the cases, more frequently than in elderly people; and absence of significant lesions at angiography in one third of the cases. Angiography of the coronary arteries, performed in the early stages of infarction in 5 patients, demonstrated the presence of several factors in the pathogenesis of arterial occlusion in young people, i.e. thrombosis in almost every case, arterial spasm in 10% of the patients and atheromatous plaques with little or no stenosis in one half. PMID- 6226002 TI - [Non-Hodgkin's malignant lymphoma. Therapeutic value of autologous bone marrow transplantation]. AB - Twelve patients with non-Hodgkin malignant lymphoma of poor prognosis were treated with heavy chemotherapy of the TACC type (cyclophosphamide 45 mg/kg/day i.v. X 4; cytosine arabinoside 200 mg/m2/12 hours i.v. X 7; 6-thioguanidine 100 mg/m2/12-hourly p.o X 7 and CCNU 200 or 250 mg/m2 p.o. single dose) followed by autologus bone marrow transplantation (853 to 20.000 CFUc/kg). The patients were divided into 2 groups depending on whether they received an induction treatment for large visible tumoral mass (group I: 3 initial presentations, 3 relapses) or a consolidation treatment for small residual tumour (group II: 6 complete and 1 partial remissions). The results show that autologous bone marrow transplantation shortens the duration of the therapeutic aplasia. White cell (greater than 10(9)/l) and platelet (greater than 50.10(9)/l) recovery was observed on days 12 (range 9-19) and 14 (range 8-27) respectively. In group I, 1 patient died of myocardial TACC toxity and acute renal failure on tumoral kidney; there were 2 failures and 3 complete remissions (8, 21, 45 + months). Remissions occurred in patients treated initially; the overall survival since diagnosis was 48+, 48+ and 60+ months. In group II patients there were 1 failure and 5 complete remissions persisting after a 2+ months to 30+ months follow-up; the overall survival was 23+, 24+, 27+, 42+ and 70+ months. The 3 failures in the series occurred in circumstances suggesting contamination of the cryopreserved bone marrow by tumoral cells. The toxicity, largely due to infection, of the TACC-bone marrow transplantation combination was tolerable. It was clearly lower in group II (6 patients, no septicaemia) than in group I (5/6 patients with septicaemia). These preliminary results confirm that there is room for autologous bone marrow transplantation in highly malignant non-Hodgkin lymphomas, particularly during complete remissions to facilitate the use of an aggressive consolidation chemotherapy. PMID- 6226003 TI - [Torsion of the spermatic cord: diagnosis by Doppler ultrasonography?]. AB - The Doppler ultrasonic examination proposed for the diagnosis of acute painful scrotal syndromes has been used during 4 months. The presence of false negative results in the literature and in the series reported here throws some doubt on the reliability of the method and confirms that systematic surgical exploration remains imperative at the slightest doubt. PMID- 6226004 TI - [Physiopathology of the irritable colon. Searching for Ariane's thread]. AB - For more than thirty years the pathophysiology of the so-called "irritable bowel syndrome" has given rise to numerous theories. These can be summarized in a series of questions to which this review paper does not pretend to provide definite answers. Is there a basic myoelectric anomaly specific to the irritable bowel syndrome? Are there disorders of colon motility that characterize the symptoms experienced by the patient? Are specific tests available that would stimulate colonic contractions in a reproducible and comparative manner? What place should be given to disturbances in bowel sensitivity? Is the colon the only target-organ in functional intestinal disorders? Is the role of digestive hormones underrated or at least insufficiently known? Do patients with the syndrome have a special psychological profile? Has intolerance to various foodstuffs been excluded too hastily? The secrets of the irritable colon syndrome are far from being entirely unravelled. This heterogeneous group of symptoms seems to be due to many different causes associated to varying degrees in each patient. PMID- 6226006 TI - [Regressive acute neurologic complication and measles in lymphoblastic leukemia]. PMID- 6226005 TI - [Surgical position in ventral decubitus in the surgery of the female lower urinary tract]. AB - Placing female patients in prone position with widely spread legs provides very good exposure of the anterior vaginal wall and makes it possible to use the vaginal route alone for the surgical treatment of lower urinary tract lesions, such as vesico-vaginal fistulas. PMID- 6226007 TI - [Hodgkin's disease in the aged patient. Study of 42 cases]. PMID- 6226008 TI - [T4 thyrotoxicosis: increase in the level of production of triiodothyronine (T3)]. PMID- 6226010 TI - [Reversible hepatic anomalies during treatment with mexiletine]. PMID- 6226009 TI - [Acute angiocholitis with Pseudomonas septicemia, a complication of endoscopic sphincterotomy]. PMID- 6226011 TI - [Isotope detection of experimental postoperative colonic ischemia]. PMID- 6226012 TI - [Sezary syndrome. Pleural involvement and monoclonal dysglobulinemia]. PMID- 6226013 TI - [A new technic for bone marrow puncture]. PMID- 6226014 TI - [Allergy to the principal antitubercular drugs incompatible with the continuation of chemotherapy]. PMID- 6226015 TI - [A garlic story]. PMID- 6226016 TI - [Hodgkin's disease: analysis of a reduction of chemotherapy]. AB - From April 1972 to September 1979, 121 patients with Hodgkin's disease clinical stages IInA, IB, IIB or III successively received MOPP 6 courses in a first trial and 3 courses in a second trial, prior to extended field irradiation; 118 patients underwent surgical restaging prior to irradiation. Anatomical findings demonstrated that 3 courses of MOPP were as effective as 6 courses to treat occult splenic disease. Comparison between clinical and surgical restaging confirmed the reliability of clinical criteria of complete remission after chemotherapy. After extended field irradiation, actuarial survival and relapse free survival at 4 years were the same whether the patients had received 6 or 3 courses of MOPP. PMID- 6226017 TI - [Branhamella catarrhalis in infectious pathology of the respiratory tract]. AB - Branhamella catarrhalis has long been considered as a commensal of the upper respiratory tract. However, since 1972 several studies have shown that it can be responsible for respiratory tract infections. By isolating this micro-organism in sputum or nasal smear of 44 hospital patients we were able to confirm this finding, while delineating some of the clinical features of the infections observed. In all 44 patients these were mild infections, yet treatment appeared to be necessary in view of the risk of severe infection (B. catarrhalis septicaemia) in subjects with poor general condition. The germ is usually sensitive to antibiotics other than beta-lactam antibiotics (58% of the strains isolated were found to produce a beta-lactamase). PMID- 6226018 TI - [Intolerance to cow's milk. Study of specific immunoglobulin E]. AB - IgE's specifically directed against alpha-lactalbumin, beta-lactoglobulin and casein were evaluated in the sera of 164 children aged between 8 days and 3 years, suspected of intolerance to cow's milk. In addition to these three RAST's for single allergens, a "total cow's milk proteins" RAST was performed. Intolerance was detected in 107 out of 180 sera tested, with at least one of the RAST's being positive. The two specific allergens most frequently involved were alpha-lactalbumin and beta-lactoglobulin. However, these proved curiously less sensitive than the "total allergen", which makes the use of these tests of little interest as a rule. A highly significant positive correlation was found between total IgE's and positivity of the four RAST's. PMID- 6226019 TI - [Comparative elimination of pirprofen from the plasma and synovial fluid of the knee. 26 cases]. AB - Twenty-six patients with various inflammatory diseases of the knee were treated with a 400 mg dose of pirprofen orally twice a day for 2 days. On the third day, samples of blood and synovial fluid were taken 3 h and 10 h approximately after a fifth 400 mg dose of the drug. Pirprofen concentrations, as determined by gas liquid chromatography, were higher in plasma than in synovial fluid during the 2 5 h period post-dosing. They decreased with an elimination half-life of 6 h in plasma as against 41 hours in synovial fluid. This study demonstrates that pirprofen diffuses into the synovial fluid where it remains significantly longer than in plasma. PMID- 6226020 TI - [Passage of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents across the synovial membrane]. AB - The therapeutic effectiveness of non-steroid anti-inflammatory (NSAI) drugs is partly determined by their passage across the synovial membrane. The synovium can be compared to a double barrier the permeability of which to NSAI drugs depends on the degree of inflammation of the joint and on the pharmacokinetic properties of the drugs (lipophilia, pka, protein-binding). A few hours after one single systemic dose, concentrations in the synovial fluid are higher than in serum. During chronic administration, concentrations of NSAI drugs with a short half life vary less in synovial fluid than in serum. During steady state, free fractions of NSAI drugs with prolonged half-life may be similar in both compartments. PMID- 6226021 TI - [Celioscopy under local anesthesia for collecting oocytes for in vitro fertilization]. AB - Since 1960, laparoscopy under local anaesthesia has been gradually abandoned in France and until now oocytes for in vitro fertilization were collected under general anaesthesia, thus increasing the risk of allergic reactions to anaesthesia in these patients who usually undergo several operations. From February to May, 1983, at the Antoine Beclere Maternity, Paris, 50 laparoscopies were performed under local anaesthesia with lidocaine combined with neuroleptanalgesia with diazepam and fentanyl. The procedure was uneventful in 94% of the cases and only 3 women required general anaesthesia. At least one mature oocyte was collected in 46 of these 50 women and 4 pregnancies have already been recorded. Local anaesthesia enables the woman to participate fully in this first stage of in vitro fertilization, increases the out-patient activities of the hospital unit and reduces the cost of in vitro fertilization. PMID- 6226022 TI - [Hemoglobin A1C in non-insulin-dependent diabetes]. PMID- 6226023 TI - [Widening of a cervical intervertebral foramen by a vertebral megadolichoartery]. PMID- 6226024 TI - [Fatal ischemic colitis after bronchial artery embolization]. PMID- 6226025 TI - [Emergency treatment in acute, minaprine poisoning]. PMID- 6226026 TI - [Efficacy of methylprednisolone in the prevention of vomiting due to chemotherapy with platinum salts in a randomized trial]. PMID- 6226027 TI - [Renal amylosis associated with breast cancer]. PMID- 6226028 TI - [Cutaneous alternariosis]. PMID- 6226029 TI - [Surgery of aortic dissections. Value of Tissucol compared with GRF (gelatin, resorcinol and formaldehyde) adhesive]. PMID- 6226031 TI - [Vaccination against hepatitis B in hospitals. 1 or strategies of use?]. PMID- 6226030 TI - [Autistic manifestations in fragile chromosome X syndrome]. PMID- 6226032 TI - [Is the origin of cancer known?]. PMID- 6226033 TI - [Ventricular arrhythmias in obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Continuous electrocardiographic study]. AB - Ventricular arrhythmias are thought to be responsible for the high incidence of sudden death among patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOC). 24-h ECG recording was applied to 27 HOC patients before any treatment and repeated under beta-blockade with propranolol in doses not lower than 320 mg/day (mean dose : 354 mg/day). ECG tracings showed that 26/27 patients (96%) had ventricular arrhythmia; the arrhythmia was repetitive in 15 patients (55%), 3 of whom (11%) had bouts of ventricular tachycardia. These figures are very different from those found in normal subjects, i.e. : 40-50% ventricular arrhythmia and less than 5% repetitive arrhythmia. The most severe forms of ventricular arrhythmia (categories IVA and IVB in the Ryan, Lown and Horn classification) were exclusively seen in patients who had one or several syncopes. Statistically, the only positive correlations of arrhythmias were with age and left ventricular end-diastolic pressure on the one hand, and age and left ventricular systolic pressure gradient on the other hand. Propranolol had no effect on arrhythmia, which seems to contradict studies suggesting that high doses of propranolol play a substantial role in the prevention of sudden death among patients with HOC. Beta-blockers might act by preventing the transformation of arrhythmia into ventricular fibrillation. PMID- 6226034 TI - [Echographic detection of cervical incompetence. Comparison between the abdominal and perineal route]. AB - Ultrasonographic measurements of the cervix in perineal and abdominal projections were compared in 61 women. Measured by the abdominal route the diameter of the internal os in most cases exceeded by 4 mm that measured by the perineal route, and cervical incompetence can be diagnosed when the internal os is equal or superior to 24 mm. For the abdominal measurement to be reliable the posterior vesical angle must be well marked, which means that the bladder must be moderately filled. PMID- 6226035 TI - [Role of the oncogenes and the protein kinases in carcinogenesis]. AB - The genome of higher animals contains genes called cOnc which are thought to be responsible for cancer when activated. Many oncogenic retroviruses also contain vOnc genes responsible for their transforming properties. cOnc sequences are homologous and result, in fact, from genetic recombinations between retroviruses lacking transforming genes and the animal genome. Onc genes encode transforming proteins which are biological intermediates of their carcinogenic property and may consist of protein kinases active on membrane and cytoskeleton constituents or nuclear proteins probably active on DNA. Modifications of cOnc genes (or oncogenes) due, in particular, to chromosomal rearrangements and occasional mutations have been demonstrated in an increasing number of human cancers. PMID- 6226036 TI - [Large non-covered abdominal eviscerations. Secondary parietal repair]. AB - In the technique described, the area of granulation tissue is first separated from the small bowel from which it originates and entirely removed. The internal borders of the rectus abdominis sheath are then brought together after being released by a wide lateral dissection of the skin and by a long counter-incision in the anterior surface of the sheath. The presence of a fistula or an enterostomy does not preclude the operation : indeed, they can be suppressed at the same time. Eight patients were treated by this simple technique which does not require prosthetic material. The results were satisfactory, with a durably strong abdominal wall. PMID- 6226037 TI - [Idiopathic hemochromatosis. Detection by an isolated cardiac arrhythmia]. PMID- 6226038 TI - [Mesenteric abscessed adenopathies. The role of Yersinia enterocolitica]. PMID- 6226039 TI - [Acute colitis during treatment with gold salts]. PMID- 6226040 TI - [Traps in Hansen's disease]. PMID- 6226041 TI - [Exploration of the temporal arteries in Horton's disease using the Doppler effect]. PMID- 6226042 TI - [Postero-lateral hernia of the left diaphragmatic coupola in the newborn. Recovery from refractory hypoxemia with nifedipine]. PMID- 6226043 TI - [Ankylosing spondylarthritis. Determination of the antigen]. PMID- 6226044 TI - [Assisted ventilation during bronchial fibroscopy in the newborn]. PMID- 6226045 TI - [Hypo-azotemia in comas caused by voluntary drug poisoning]. PMID- 6226046 TI - [Treatment of ventral hernias. Simultaneous use of polyglactin 910 and dacron mesh]. PMID- 6226047 TI - Synthesis and assembly of human small nuclear ribonucleoproteins generated by cell-free translation. AB - Cell-free translation of human poly(A)+ RNA was carried out to generate and analyze the protein constituents of small nuclear ribonucleoprotein (snRNP) particles. The snRNP proteins were identified by immunoprecipitation with sera from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Size fractionation of mRNA prior to translation revealed that these snBNP proteins are all encoded by separate messages. One of the proteins (the A protein, molecular weight 32,000) was seen to lose antigenicity upon RNase treatment either when extracted from cells or when generated in vitro. RNase treatment of immunoprecipitated snRNPs released the A protein in an electrophoretically pure form. Analysis of snRNPs translated in vitro revealed the presence of unassembled and assembled particles as determined by sucrose density gradient sedimentation. Post-translational assembly of snRNPs involving both RNA-protein binding (as revealed by A protein antigenicity) and associations of other snRNP proteins occurred in the in vitro system employed here. In addition, the presence of unassembled snRNP proteins permitted the determination of the precise antigen peptides recognized by Sm and RNP autoimmune sera. It was observed that Sm sera are capable of recognizing each of the eight snRNP proteins, whereas RNP sera recognize only two of the eight. PMID- 6226048 TI - Immunodiagnosis of pancreatic cancer. PMID- 6226049 TI - The nature of infectious mononucleosis and the role of Downey cells. PMID- 6226050 TI - A monoclonal antibody reactive with surface antigen specifically expressed by alloantigen-activated human T lymphocytes. PMID- 6226051 TI - Facilitation by alpha-adrenolytics of apomorphine gnawing behavior: depression of threshold apomorphine concentration in the striatum of the rat. AB - Adrenolytics, aceperone and phenoxybenzamine, increased significantly the incidence of gnawing induced in the rat by a medium dose of apomorphine. The experiments in which the rats were killed at the onset of stereotyped gnawing to assess the threshold concentration of apomorphine in the striatum necessary to evoke this type of behavior have shown that these threshold concentrations were significantly reduced. It is concluded that the facilitation by adrenolytics of gnawing response to apomorphine is caused by an increase in the sensitivity of structures involved in this phenomenon to this dopaminergic stimulant. PMID- 6226052 TI - Tomorrow's physician. PMID- 6226053 TI - Theoretical sensitivity of perivascular electromagnetic flowmeters deduced from the distribution of an applied inter-electrode potential. AB - A hypothetical electromagnetic blood flowmeter is considered in which the electrode system and the magnetic field are invariant in the direction of flow. If a voltage from an external source is applied between the electrodes, a potential distribution is produced on the outside of the vessel. It is shown that the sensitivity of the flowmeter to axisymmetric flow can theoretically be deduced from the potential distribution provided the vessel and blood have uniform, isotropic conductivities. The method, if applicable to practical flowmeters, would permit in vivo monitoring of flowmeter sensitivity. PMID- 6226054 TI - An investigation of the effects of intracerebral injection in the marmoset of cytopathic cerebrospinal fluid from patients with schizophrenia or neurological disease. AB - In experiments designed to investigate transmission, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from patients with schizophrenia and neurological disease (huntington's chorea and multiple sclerosis) which had been found to induce cytopathic effects in human embryonic fibroblast cell culture was injected intracerebrally into mice, hamsters and marmosets (small New World primates). No evidence was obtained of transmission to mice or hamsters. A total of 15 marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) was injected intracerebrally with CSF [8 with samples from 4 patients with schizophrenia. 3 with samples from patients with neurological disease (2 with Huntington's chorea and 1 with multiple sclerosis) and 4 with samples from 3 patients without neurological or psychiatric disease] and was observed over a period of 2 1/2 years. Analysis of variance on data obtained from behavioral observations averaged over 6-month periods revealed that animals injected with CSF from patients with schizophrenia and neurological disease became progressively more inactive when compared with animals injected with CSF from control patients. The change detected by behavioural observation was confirmed as a difference 2 and 2 1/2 years after injection by automated activity monitoring. There was an incidence of reproductive anomalies (including two occipital encephalocoeles) in the females in the experimental group, but the numbers are too small to draw firm conclusions from this observation. Many reported differences in biological samples from schizophrenic patients and normal controls have subsequently been found to be due to factors unrelated to the disease state. This may prove to be the case with the changes observed in this experiment. Nevertheless, the fact that marmosets injected with CSF from patients suffering from neuropsychiatric disease, including schizophrenia, subsequently differed in their behaviour from those injected with control CSF warrants further investigation. PMID- 6226055 TI - The association of affective disorder with Huntington's disease in a case series and in families. AB - Major affective disorder clinically similar to the disorder found in conditions other than Huntington's Disease (HD) was found in 41% of patients with HD in a consecutive case series ascertained through multiple sources in a defined geographical area. The association appears to be confined to certain families, and affective disorder may appear as long as 20 years before the onset of chorea and dementia. The association may represent genetic heterogeneity in HD. PMID- 6226056 TI - Protection of mice from whole-body gamma radiation by deuteration of drinking water. AB - Drinking water made available to mice was changed from ordinary tap water to tap water containing 30 atom% D2O when the animals were 6 to 8 weeks old. Twelve days later, the deuterated mice and an approximately equal number of nondeuterated control mice were subjected to whole-body gamma radiation from a 60Co source. All mice received ordinary tap water after the irradiation. Postirradiation mortality was significantly less in deuterated than in nondeuterated animals. These results may have practical implications for radiotherapy of human malignant tumors. PMID- 6226057 TI - Digital subtraction angiography: limitations for the detection of pulmonary embolism. AB - Perfusion lung scanning, magnification pulmonary arteriography, and digital subtraction angiography (DSA) were performed prior to and following Gelfoam embolization of selected pulmonary arteries in eight canines. The sites of embolization were identified in 75% of perfusion lung scans, in 93% of magnification pulmonary arteriograms, in 75% of arterial phase DSA studies, and 100% of parenchymal phase DSA examinations. With technological advances, DSA has the potential to become the examination of choice for the evaluation of patients suspected of having pulmonary emboli. PMID- 6226058 TI - Streptokinase and transluminal angioplasty in the treatment of acutely thrombosed hemodialysis access fistulas. AB - Streptokinase was selectively infused into nine thrombosed hemodialysis access fistulas in eight patients. Lysis occurred in all but one case. Of the eight infusions producing lysis, seven resulted in some clinical benefit. Three grafts functioned adequately for 2 to 6 months after streptokinase infusion alone. A fourth patient had good function for over 11 months after streptokinase treatment and transluminal angioplasty. In a fifth patient, graft function was partially restored, but a persistent arterial defect led to elective graft replacement. Moderate fibrinolysis in the sixth case was of no clinical benefit; rethrombosis developed promptly after SK was discontinued because of bleeding from a recent puncture site. In cases 7 and 8, fibrinolysis restored arterial inflow to the graft, but surgery was needed to revise partially obstructed venous outflow. It is concluded that selective streptokinase infusion, with or without transluminal angioplasty and operation, is often effective in the treatment of acutely thrombosed vascular access fistulas. PMID- 6226059 TI - Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of aortic graft stenoses. AB - Postoperative aortic graft anastomotic stenoses at nine sites in eight patients were successfully treated with percutaneous transluminal angioplasty. There was a decrease in peak systolic pressure gradient in all eight patients, and in seven of the eight patients symptoms of claudication disappeared immediately after angioplasty. Four of the eight patients remained asymptomatic at follow-up. Ankle/arm indices were obtained before and after angioplasty in five patients, with postangioplasty improvement in all five. PMID- 6226060 TI - Internal derangement of the temporomandibular joint: detection by single-photon emission computed tomography. Work in progress. AB - The diagnostic accuracy of both planar and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) bone scintigraphy, radionuclide angiography, arthrography, and conventional radiography was evaluated in 36 patients with temporomandibular joint (TMJ) dysfunction undergoing preoperative testing. The sensitivity of SPECT bone scintigraphy (0.94) was comparable with arthrography (0.96) and significantly better than planar bone scintigraphy (0.76), radionuclide angiography (0.35), and transcranial lateral radiographs (0.04). While data for a larger asymptomatic control population are needed, preliminary results give SPECT a diagnostic specificity of 0.70 for internal derangements of the TMJ requiring surgical correction. It is concluded that SPECT bone scintigraphy is a useful noninvasive imaging test to screen for internal derangement of the TMJ. PMID- 6226061 TI - A modified catheter for transluminal angioplasty of the femoropopliteal artery. AB - A catheter for percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of femoral and popliteal arteries is described. It combines the advantages of a long, tapered catheter for traversing the obstruction with the ability to perform all maneuvers under fluoroscopic control. PMID- 6226063 TI - [Etiopathogenesis and clinical aspects of contact urticaria]. PMID- 6226062 TI - Putative atherogenic factors in patients with chronic renal failure. PMID- 6226064 TI - [Hypersensitivity to mercaptobenzothiazole]. PMID- 6226065 TI - [Drug-induced urticaria]. PMID- 6226066 TI - [Selected problems of occupational eczema in Warsaw]. PMID- 6226067 TI - [Results of the treatment of anterior laxity of the knee]. PMID- 6226068 TI - [Complex injuries of the upper end of the 2 forearm bones]. AB - Thirty-four cases of severe trauma to the proximal ends of both bones of the forearm have been seen. All were treated surgically. A classification is proposed related to the site of the ulnar fracture. Type I is metaphyseal and the displacement is posterior, the reverse of that of a Monteggia fracture, with a posterior dislocation of the superior radio-ulnar joint. Type II is epiphyseal with anterior displacement. The superior radio-ulnar joint is intact. Type III is metaphysio-epiphyseal with anterior displacement. Type IV is the same with posterior displacement. Fractures of the radial head are present in all cases with posterior displacement and in these types, secondary displacements and non unions are frequent (six cases). These were related to inadequate fixation of the ulna and to resection of the radial head which led to an increased strain on the ulnar fracture. Severe limitation of movements was infrequent (five cases) and was usually seen in fractures with posterior displacement. It was related to the time of cast immobilization and to the fracture of the radial head. Fractures with anterior displacement and an associated fracture of the radial head were rare but had a better prognosis in spite of the intra-articular site of the fracture. The relevance of repair of the radial column is stressed as being as important as stable fixation of the ulnar fracture. PMID- 6226069 TI - [Radiological study of epiphyseal abnormalities in osteogenesis imperfecta. Apropos of 61 cases]. AB - Sixty-one cases of osteogenesis imperfecta were studied to try to discover the cause of metaphyseal and epiphyseal deformities. These deformities were noticeable in 8 cases out of 61 at the level of the upper and lower end of the femur in all cases and sometimes at the level of the lower end of the tibia and the upper end of the humerus. Several grades are described: First grade - protrusion of the growth plate into the epiphysis. Second grade - disorganization of the architecture of the epiphysis. Third grade - major deformity. It seems that the deformities are secondary to lesions of the growth plates. Several hypotheses are suggested. The authors consider that the main role is played by segmental fractures creating areas of ischemia in the epiphyses. PMID- 6226070 TI - [Arthrotic Lumbar spinal canal stenosis and total hip prosthesis]. AB - The authors have seen 11 instances in which symptoms that could be related to arthrosis of the hip and treated by total hip replacement were associated with root involvement due to lumbar spinal stenosis of degenerative origin. At times the Surgeon had been misled and treated the hip first instead of the spine. The clinical signs of these associated lesions, which are not uncommon, are described. This paper aims to draw the attention of Surgeons to the frequency of symptoms originating from the spine in patients more than 70 years old. PMID- 6226071 TI - [Cardiac involvement in acromegaly]. PMID- 6226072 TI - [Idiopathic asymmetric hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Clinical study of 36 patients with the obstructive type]. PMID- 6226073 TI - [Usefulness of myocardial perfusion gammagraphy in children with myocardiopathies and abnormal origin of the left coronary artery]. PMID- 6226074 TI - [Immediate revascularization in acute myocardial infarction]. PMID- 6226075 TI - Nurses suffering from back injury. PMID- 6226076 TI - [Experience and theory in special education of the physically disabled--a discourse on the theory-practice-relationship]. AB - Any educational theory, hence also of education of the physically disabled, combines both deduced constituents of educational philosophy and constituents generalized from educational science in an experiental sense. By combining normative goal concepts and empirical analysis, it has to lay the basis for responsible action on the part of the educator. These foundations of an educational theory for education of the physically disabled as an "action oriented science" are considered in a discourse of the relationship between experience, theory, and practice. Several exemplary aspects are set forth, with an emphasis being placed on a historical science-critical reflection on the connection of scientific (pre-)-experience and (pre-scientific) theory formation. Concluding, the author points out the implications in view of intensifying the theory-practice-relation in the professional training for education of physically disabled persons. PMID- 6226077 TI - [Evaluation of results from the Landstuhl school experiment for the general development of severely handicapped children in schools for the physically handicapped]. AB - The concept of integrated developmental intervention with profoundly disabled children has been evolved and tested in the school trial carried out at the Landstuhl Rehabilitation Centre Westpfalz. In its basic stage the intervention programme encompasses the availability of a good caring relationship between caregiver and child, with reliable satisfaction of needs and gentle child centered care. This serves as a basis for systematic perceptual development by Basal Stimulation, movement development and initiation of communicative behaviour. The second stage in this developmental approach includes facilitation of continued growth of the children by experiencing concrete doing and meaning contexts. In line with the particular life situation of the parents and their children, parent involvement takes on a special dimension. Developmental intervention with profoundly disabled children presupposes the existence of an appropriate general framework. PMID- 6226078 TI - [Medico-psychological base and trend documentation in a residential facility for rehabilitation of the handicapped]. AB - The article presents the system for medical-psychological base and trend documentation developed between 1977 and 1980 at Rotenburger Anstalten der Inneren Mission (Home Mission). A practicable system from the user angle, it is operated on a mediumsized data processing unit. Being a pure dialogue system with programme generators, it is easy to handle and flexible in its possible applications, several of which are illustrated by examples from the rehabilitative field. As the various characteristics used can easily be attributed with other contents, and as the data base can moreover be expanded, the documentation system could also be used by comparable facilities that have the necessary electronic data processing equipment at their disposal. PMID- 6226079 TI - [Provision of prostheses, orthopedic and other aids under the statutory health insurance law - technical aids catalogue. A general announcement clarified]. PMID- 6226080 TI - Endurance properties of respiratory and limb muscles. AB - Endurance properties of the inspiratory and expiratory muscles were compared with those of the flexors and extensors of the elbow in healthy volunteers. During a series of sustained contractions separated by rest intervals of one minute there was a progressive decline in the force produced by both muscle groups acting at the elbow and by the expiratory muscles. By contrast, the ability of the inspiratory muscles to generate force recovered completely within the one minute intervals. The decline in force during the first sustained contraction was similar for the inspiratory muscles and those acting at the elbow. During series of repeated brief maximal contractions (duty cycle 50%) the inspiratory muscles fatigued less than the other muscle groups. This apparent resistance to fatigue shown by the inspiratory muscles may be due to many factors including the central organization of their motoneurones and to local neuromuscular properties. Evidence supporting a contribution from intrinsic muscle properties is provided by studies of isolated curarized muscles. PMID- 6226081 TI - [Unusual cause of subcapsular renal hematoma]. AB - In 2 woman patients, the authors found subcapsular renal haematomas after paravertebral injection of a local anaesthetic as part of lumbago treatment. Clinical course and radiological findings are demonstrated. Whereas formation of subcapsular renal haematomas is a well-known phenomenon after traumas, iatrogenic and intentional punctures and a few renal and general diseases, renal lesion after paravertebral injection of a local anaesthetic is an extremely rare occurrence. PMID- 6226082 TI - [Papulopustular rosacea (traditional acne rosacea)]. PMID- 6226083 TI - [Indications and limits for retinoid treatments in dermatology]. PMID- 6226084 TI - Proteolytic degradation products from fibrinogen and fibrin with special respect to non-covalently associated complexes. Influence of fibrin crosslinking. Lysability and other properties. PMID- 6226085 TI - Displacement of T lymphocytes with the 'Helper/Inducer' phenotype from peripheral blood to lymphoid organs in untreated patients with Hodgkin's disease. AB - A panel of previously characterized monoclonal antibodies: B67.6, OKT3, OKT4, B53.4, Leu3a, OKT8, Leu2a, OKM1, M12 and B52.1 were used as a probe to assess mononuclear cells in peripheral blood (PB), lymph nodes (LN) and spleens of untreated patients with Hodgkin's disease (HD). The mean % and absolute number of T lymphocytes were significantly decreased in PB of HD patients when compared with control values. Reduction of circulating T lymphocytes reflected the selective loss of cells showing the 'helper/inducer' ('H/I') phenotype. In fact, a lower number of these cells was demonstrated in HD patients with advanced disease and, even though to a lesser extent, in those with localized disease. In contrast, decreased values of T cells with the 'cytotoxic/suppressor' ('C/S') phenotype were only found in patients with advanced disease, showing pan lymphocytopenia. Unlike PB, LN and spleens involved by HD usually showed increased %s of T lymphocytes, especially of those possessing the 'H/I' phenotype. The displacement of T lymphocytes with 'H/I' phenotype from PB to lymphoid organs further supports the possibility of a chronic immune response against abnormal cells or unknown antigens in the affected organs of patients with HD. PMID- 6226086 TI - Normal helper T-cell function in hairy-cell leukaemia. AB - The function of peripheral blood T-lymphocytes was tested in a series of untreated patients with hairy-cell leukaemia (HCL). The in vitro T-colony forming capacity fell within the normal range in 20 of the 22 cases studied. No difference in colony growth was found between splenectomized and non splenectomized patients. The ability to induce differentiation of normal B lymphocytes into antibody producing plasma cells, in a pokeweed mitogen (PWM) stimulated system, was similar to that of normal T-cells in all 6 cases studied. Both the T-colony growth and the helper capacity were unrelated to the distribution of T-lymphocyte subsets defined by monoclonal antibodies, despite an increase in OKT8+ cells (suppressor/cytotoxic phenotype) and a decrease in OKT4+ cells (helper/inducer phenotype) in 44% of the patients. The significance of these findings is discussed in relation to T-cell abnormalities previously described in other B-cell leukaemias, chiefly chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (B CLL). The preserved T-cell function in HCL correlates well with the normal humoral immunity found in this disease. PMID- 6226087 TI - Complement (C3)-receptor-mediated phagocytosis of agarose beads by mouse macrophages. I. Intracellular degradation of agarose-bound C3bi and C3b by lysosomal enzymes. AB - The phagocytosis by macrophages of C3bi-coated agarose beads reached a plateau after 15 min, compared with 30 min for C3b-coated beads. By using 125I-labelled C3bi or C3b coupled to the agarose beads, we found that 70% and 95% of total radioactivity were removed from the beads after 12 h and 36 h of intracellular digestion, respectively. Intracellular degradation of C3bi linked to agarose beads was also demonstrated by testing binding of monoclonal antibodies against human C3c, C3g and C3d to beads extracted from the cells after phagocytosis. Such extracted beads also showed reduced attachment to new macrophages compared with non-ingested beads. Treatment of the cells with leupeptin, an inhibitor of the lysosomal enzyme cathepsin B, or with dextran sulphate to inhibit phagosome lysosome fusion greatly reduced the release of labelled protein from the agarose during the first 12 h. These findings show that C3bi and C3b on agarose is destroyed intracellularly by lysosomal enzymes. PMID- 6226088 TI - Enrichment of IL-2-producer T cells from mouse spleen by use of Bauhinia purpurea lectin. AB - Bauhinia purpurea agglutinin (BpA) was used to enrich the interleukin 2 (IL 2) producing T-cell subset from mouse spleen. IL 2 was found to be produced by the BpA-non-agglutinated (BpA-) T cells of mouse spleen on stimulation with concanavalin A (Con A). The degree of IL 2 production by BpA-agglutinated (BpA+) T cells was significantly low. The proliferative response to Con A of BpA- T cells was not influenced by the addition of exogenous IL 2, whereas BpA+ T cells were partially dependent on the exogenous addition of IL 2 in the proliferative response. PMID- 6226089 TI - Plaque-forming cells in man. I. Basic technical results obtained with the protein A technique. AB - This paper describes the results obtained using an indirect protein A plaque forming cell (PFC) assay applied to human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) activated with pokeweed mitogen (PWM). A maximal response was obtained after 6 days of culture with regard to the three major classes of immunoglobulin (Ig) investigated. No difference was found between females and males. T and B lymphocytes mixed in ratios varying from 1:8 to 8:1 and unfractionated cells were investigated. A maximal PFC response of isolated lymphocytes was found in cultures of 1:4 T/B reconstituted suspensions of untreated cells, whereas the maximal response of untreated B and 2000-rad-irradiated T lymphocytes was found in cultures with a 4:1 T/B ratio. The number of plaques developed in cultures of unfractionated cells exceeded the response of 4:1 T/B reconstituted untreated lymphocytes but was far below the number of PFC developed in cultures of untreated B and 2000-rad-irradiated T lymphocytes. Normal donors developed approximately 70 X 10(3) PFC/10(6) cells. The viability was 85% after the incubation period. No difference was found in the PFC response of cultures of separated, reconstituted T/B lymphocytes set up in autologous and allogeneic combinations. PMID- 6226090 TI - Plaque-forming cells in man. II. Evidence of the existence of active suppressor cells in peripheral blood of normal plaque-forming cell non-responders. AB - When the immunoglobulin secretion of 172 normal healthy individuals was investigated with the protein-A plaque assay, 12 persons (7%) did not develop any plaque-forming cells (PFC) in cultures of pokeweed mitogen (PWM)-activated unfractionated peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL), incubated for 6 days. The effect of irradiation on normal PFC responders and non-responders was also investigated; 2000-rad-irradiated non-responder T lymphocytes co-cultured with autologous untreated B lymphocytes restored the PFC response to normal levels. The evidence of a high level of suppressor activity in non-responder T lymphocytes was further demonstrated by the decreased PFC response of normal B lymphocytes co-cultured with untreated non-responder T lymphocytes. PMID- 6226091 TI - Radiographic changes, HLA B27 and back pain in patients with psoriasis or acute anterior uveitis. AB - Twenty-five female and 23 male consecutive patients hospitalized because of severe psoriasis, and 34 consecutive patients hospitalized because of acute anterior uveitis (AAU) were examined. Twelve of the patients with AAU (35%) and 11 of the patients with psoriasis (23%) had definite sacro-iliitis, which was unilateral in 6 (55%) of the former and in 2 (17%) of the latter. No definite radiographic differences in sacro-iliitis between HLA B27-positive and -negative patients could be detected. The radiographic changes of the dorso-lumbar junction (Th9-L2) related to the diseases, were seen only in HLA B27 positive patients with sacro-iliitis. Scattered lateral syndesmophytes were the commonest paravertebral ossifications in patients with psoriasis, whereas more diffuse and more numerous lateral mixed osteophytes appeared most frequently in AAU patients. Parasyndesmophytes were seen both in patients with psoriasis and in those with AAU. Asymptomatic sacro-iliitis was frequently found in unilateral, psoriatic sacro-iliitis (4 out of 6 patients) but was not restricted to this group. No radiographic indications of aortic valve insufficiency or apical lung fibrosis were found. PMID- 6226092 TI - How does Bechterew's syndrome (ankylosing spondylitis) start? Interrelations between onset of symptoms. AB - Detailed medical histories were obtained from 122 consecutive patients with Bechterew's syndrome (ankylosing spondylitis) who had been hospitalized at Oslo Sanitetsforening Rheumatism Hospital. Frequencies of symptoms, age at onset of symptoms and their interrelationships are presented. Low back pain affected more patients than any other symptom and, generally speaking, it started earlier than any other individual symptom. However, any symptom could antedate low back pain. Symptoms preceding low back pain were most frequently reported at a young age, and most often affected the extremities. The presence of psoriasis was associated with an increased frequency of symptoms in the peripheral joints. Acute anterior uveitis and chest stiffness were more common in males than in females. The influence of the selection of patients on the results is discussed. PMID- 6226093 TI - Synovial fluid and blood monocyte influence on lymphocyte proliferation in rheumatoid arthritis and traumatic synovitis. AB - The influence of synovial fluid and blood monocytes on autologous lymphocyte proliferation in vitro was investigated in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and traumatic synovitis (TS). In cultures stimulated with PHA, PWM and ConA, thymidine incorporation by RA blood mononuclear cells (BMC) increased considerably in most cases after addition of 10% or 30% synovial fluid monocytes and a similar effect was seen after stimulation with Candida extract or PPD. A comparable helper activity was observed after addition of synovial fluid monocytes to monocyte-depleted blood cells in RA. The augmenting effect of synovial fluid monocytes was likewise demonstrated in TS patients. Synovial fluid mononuclear cells (SMC) from RA and TS patients displayed low proliferative responses to PHA and ConA in comparison with BMC, while the responses to microbial antigens were similar or greater. The proliferative activity of SMC or of monocyte-depleted synovial fluid cells after polyclonal and antigenic stimulation was not affected by addition of blood monocytes. This was observed in both RA and TS patients. It is concluded that the regulatory properties of synovial fluid monocytes in RA and TS do not explain the low proliferative responses of SMC to polyclonal activators. PMID- 6226094 TI - [The impossibility of direct flow measurements in lung function studies. Analysis of errors and compensation]. AB - The authors demonstrate that the conditions for correct flow measurement are not fulfilled when a resistive flow transducer (Fleisch pneumotachograph, screen pneumotachograph etc.) is connected directly to the mouth or to the end of the endotracheal tube. This is because the composition, temperature and water content of the respiratory gas varies markedly within a respiratory cycle, the mechanically ventilated patient exhales with a huge expiratory initial peak flow, and laminar flow tends to switch over to turbulent flow in this system. Methods are proposed of continuously compensating the effects of changing gas composition, reducing expiratory peak flow without an increase in expiratory resistance, and preventing the occurrence of turbulent flow. The improvement of measuring accuracy to 2% makes the estimation of respiratory volumes more reliable. Secondly, the increased quality of primary data enables one to analyze these data in a more complex and sophisticated manner (N2-washout compartment analyses, VDS, investigation of complicated modes of ventilation such as IMV, etc.). PMID- 6226095 TI - Mixed connective tissue disease: a disorder of immune regulation. PMID- 6226096 TI - Effect of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs on immune function. AB - Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAID) have been thought to act by inhibiting the production of prostaglandins. Until recently, prostaglandins have been considered to be mainly proinflammatory compounds, responsible for pain, increased blood flow, and edema. It has more lately been realized that prostaglandins, particularly PGE2, have important immunoregulatory properties. Thus NSAID, by inhibiting PGE2 production, modulate immune responses in vitro and in vivo. One or more of these immunomodulating effects of NSAID may play a role in their efficacy as arthritis medications. The purpose of this paper is to review the immunologic role of PGE2 and the immunologic effects of NSAID. PMID- 6226097 TI - Radionuclide evaluation of lung trauma. AB - Nuclear medicine imaging procedures can play a significant role in evaluating the pulmonary complications that are seen in trauma patients. A quantitative method for measuring increased pulmonary capillary permeability that uses Tc-99m HSA allows early diagnosis of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and accurately differentiates this condition from pneumonia or cardiogenic pulmonary edema. This technique may be of great value in following the response to therapy. The use of 133Xe to diagnose inhalation injury remains an important diagnostic tool, particularly at hospitals with specialized burn units. Regional decreases in ventilation-perfusion images reliably localize aspirated foreign bodies. Radionuclide techniques that are used to demonstrate gastropulmonary aspiration remain controversial and require further clinical evaluation. Pulmonary perfusion imaging, although nonspecific, may provide the earliest clue for correct diagnosis of fat embolism, air embolism, contusion, or laceration. Furthermore, the possibility of perfusion abnormality due to these uncommon conditions must be remembered whenever trauma patients are evaluated for pulmonary thromboembolism with scintigraphy. Occasionally, liver or spleen scintigraphy may be the most appropriate procedure when penetrating chest trauma also involves these subdiaphragmatic organs. PMID- 6226098 TI - Effects of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty on renal plasma flow. AB - Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty is being used with increasing frequency for the treatment of renal artery stenosis. Several noninvasive techniques that utilize radioactive tracers have been used for monitoring the effects of angioplasty and progression of disease. Forty-one patients were studied before and after renal angioplasty by using renograms and fractionated measurements of effect renal plasma flow. Although there were striking examples of improvement in effective renal plasma flow following angioplasty, this was not a consistent finding. There was a tendency for effective renal plasma flow to revert to the baseline level on follow-up studies. Cure of hypertension was more likely in patients without renal insufficiency and in patients with shorter periods of sustained hypertension. Fractionated effective renal plasma flow studies did not reliably differentiate patients who were cured from those who were improved nor were we able to delineate clearly those requiring repeat dilatation. Nevertheless, this technique is useful for noninvasively measuring fractionated renal function in the immediate postoperative or postdilatation recovery period and for detecting the difference between occlusion of the renal artery and transient renal insufficiency due to contrast material. Also, long-term measurement of fractionated function has value in following potential progression of the basic disease process. PMID- 6226099 TI - Liver imaging--the "widened renal fossa" sign in posterior liver scintigraphy. PMID- 6226100 TI - The molecular organization of the red cell membrane skeleton. PMID- 6226101 TI - Family reactions and coping strategies in response to the physically ill or handicapped child: a review. AB - This article reviews a broad range of clinical and research material investigating the coping processes of individuals and families, particularly in response to a serious illness or handicapping condition in a child family member. The interactive effects of family and illness are established; then several theoretical, descriptive and empirical theories of coping are presented. Coping responses of family members and the family unit as a whole to minor illness, to chronic illness and handicapping conditions, to childhood cancer, and to death in childhood are all discussed. The article concludes with a discussion of the implications and benefits for the physician and other health care professionals in adopting a family-oriented treatment approach. PMID- 6226102 TI - The movement for independent living: an evaluation and critique. AB - In recent times a growing radicalism has been evident amongst certain groups representing people with disabilities. In the United States, one of the most notable groups is the movement for independent living (ILM). Two recent reports by Gerben De Jong have provided an outline of the movement's origins and concerns and an empirical examination of the validity of its theoretical concepts. This paper provides an evaluation of the movement as portrayed in these reports, and a critique of its assumptions and findings. Although discovering much of genuine interest, it is suggested that certain ambiguities in the underlying philosophy of the movement render it less than convincing as a basis for policy and research. PMID- 6226103 TI - Societal integration of the disabled: power struggle or enhancement of individual coping capacities. AB - Recently critique has been published against the Movement for Independent Living (ILM) as an effective mechanism for improving disabled persons' chances for integrating into normal social life. This critique highlighted a crucial issue which up to now has not received a satisfactory answer, namely, what are the factors that enhance or impede disabled persons' integration? In the present paper doubts have been raised as to whether the obstacles to successful integration should indeed be viewed as a political issue requiring political activity as a solution. It has been suggested rather to pry into the types of assistance which may enhance or impede integration. The analysis suggested to conceive of the actual problem as the difficulty of establishing an effective and acceptable criterion differentiating between resource enhancing and resource compensating activities. It is suggested to view the difficulty of motivating resource enhancement and of establishing a limit beyond which resource compensation be conceived hazardous to successful integration as the crucial problem of the rehabilitation of disabled persons. PMID- 6226105 TI - Late-onset variant of Huntington's chorea. AB - We identified a large Georgia kinship in which a hereditary autosomal dominant chorea appeared at an average age of 65 years, much later than usual for Huntington's chorea. Progression was slow. Dementia was not an obvious initial feature. Family members denied that affected persons became demented, and those affected cognitively intact with bedside testing. However, deficits of memory were apparent on formal psychologic testing. In the propositus' generation, five of 12 siblings were affected during their 60s. Of 23 persons in a younger generation, aged 30 to 60 years, none was yet affected. A number of variants of Huntington's chorea have been proposed. In elderly patients without obvious dementia, psychologic testing may be of diagnostic importance, revealing characteristic memory deficits. When the disorder consistently occurs at an advanced age and progresses slowly, the implications for the family may be less grave than with Huntington's chorea of earlier onset. PMID- 6226104 TI - Clinical value of exercise testing in handicapped subjects. AB - This report describes the use of exercise testing in handicapped subjects to determine work capacity and the safety of exercise. Arm crank, bicycle, and wheelchair exercise studies are described by means of a few selected cases. PMID- 6226106 TI - [Public health in the non-Chernozem area of the RSFSR]. PMID- 6226107 TI - [Worktime expenditures by epidemiologists]. PMID- 6226108 TI - [Improvement of the primary sanitary health care in Kazakhstan]. PMID- 6226109 TI - [Organization of individual prophylactic examinations for early detection of neoplasms]. PMID- 6226110 TI - [The People's Comissariat of Public Health and the organization of medical science]. PMID- 6226111 TI - [The role of the RSFSR People's Comissariat of Public Health in the development of a system of mother and child health protection]. PMID- 6226112 TI - [Motherhood and childhood protection in the postwar Leningrad (1945-1948)]. PMID- 6226113 TI - [Development of public health in the Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomic region]. PMID- 6226114 TI - [F. G. Mukhamed'ianov--an organizer of the Soviet public health in the Tartar republic]. PMID- 6226115 TI - [The state and prospects of development of cardiological service and research in cardiology in the RSFSR]. PMID- 6226116 TI - [Endoscopy in emergency conditions of the abdominal organs]. PMID- 6226117 TI - Low-back pain in 40- to 47-year-old men: work history and work environment factors. AB - The relationship of low-back pain (LBP) to work history and work environment factors was studied in a randomized sample of 940 men from 40 to 47 years of age. The life-time incidence of LBP was 61%, the prevalence 31%. In a univariate analysis ten of the variables studied were found to be correlated to the occurrence of LBP: less overtime work, diminished work satisfaction, decreased potential to influence the work situation, lesser demand on concentration, monotonous work, physically heavy work, a high degree of lifting, to a lesser degree sitting, and to a greater standing and walking work posture. When a covariance analysis was applied to these variables, only three had a direct association to LBP. They were less overtime work, monotonous work, and a high degree of lifting. PMID- 6226118 TI - Low-back pain in relation to other diseases and cardiovascular risk factors. AB - The relationship of low-back pain (LBP) to other diseases and to cardiovascular risk factors was studied in a random sample of 940 men from 40 to 47 years of age. The life-time incidence of LBP was 61%, the prevalence 31%. The prevalence of other diseases was the same as in previous studies in the same region. In a univariate analysis nine variables were found to be correlated to LBP; angina pectoris, calf pain, breathlessness on exertion, smoking, physical activity at work and during leisure time, worry and tension, fatigue at the end of the workday, and perception of stress. When the influence of other variables was assessed by analysis of covariance, four of the variables maintained a direct association with LBP, viz, calf pain on exertion, smoking, a high physical activity at work, and a frequent feeling of worry and tension. PMID- 6226119 TI - The innervation of the lumbar spine. AB - The lumbar intervertebral discs are innervated posteriorly by the sinuvertebral nerves, but laterally by branches of the ventral rami and grey rami communicantes. The posterior longitudinal ligament is innervated by the sinuvertebral nerves and the anterior longitudinal ligament by branches of the grey rami. Lateral and intermediate branches of the lumbar dorsal rami supply the iliocostalis lumborum and longissimus thoracis, respectively. Medial branches supply the multifidus, intertransversarii mediales, interspinales, interspinous ligament, and the lumbar zygapophysial joints. The distribution of the intrinsic nerves of the lumbar vertebral column systematically identifies those structures that are potential sources of primary low-back pain. PMID- 6226120 TI - A low-back rating scale. PMID- 6226121 TI - Inherited disorders in the Afrikaner population of southern Africa. Part I. Historical and demographic background, cardiovascular, neurological, metabolic and intestinal conditions. AB - Certain genetic disorders occur with unusually high frequency in the Afrikaner population of southern Africa. Conditions of this type (reviewed in Part I of this article) include familial hypercholesterolaemia, progressive familial heart block, Huntington's chorea, porphyria variegata, Gaucher's disease, cystic fibrosis and familial colonic polyposis. This genetic situation is explicable to some extent on the basis of the demographic development of the Afrikaner population during the 14 generations since the arrival of the first immigrants from Holland more than 330 years ago. PMID- 6226122 TI - Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis in the physically disabled. AB - Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) has been increasingly used as maintenance home dialysis by patients in end-stage chronic renal failure since it was first described in 1976. The procedure is hazardous in the physically disabled and blind and in non-compliant patients. This paper describes 2 patients, one with rheumatoid arthritis and the other with Volkmann's ischaemic contracture of the left forearm, who are able to carry out CAPD successfully with the aid of bioengineering. PMID- 6226123 TI - Subacute toxicity of all-trans- and 13-cis-isomers of N-ethyl retinamide, N-2 hydroxyethyl retinamide, and N-4-hydroxyphenyl retinamide. AB - The major limitation for continuous administration of natural retinoids for chemoprevention of cancer is their high toxicity; however, synthetic retinamides have the desirable quality of reduced toxicity while retaining most of the biological activity. We have presently evaluated the comparative toxicity of all trans- and 13-cis-isomers of N-ethyl retinamide (ER), N-2-hydroxyethyl retinamide (HER), and N-4-hydroxyphenyl retinamide (HPR) in mice and rats after po and ip administration. The computed LD90, DL50, and LD10 values for combined sexes of mice following 21 daily doses of the above retinoids were determined. Identical doses of the same retinoid by ip administration produced more toxicity and deaths than by the po route. The 13-cis-isomers exhibited comparatively less toxicity than the corresponding all-trans-isomer. Based on the lethality data, all-trans retinoic acid was most toxic followed by all-trans-HER greater than all-trans-HPR greater than all-trans-ER. Changes in clinical chemistry and hematological parameters associated with administration of the retinamides include a dose dependent peripheral anemia evidenced by erythrocytopenia and decreased hemoglobin concentration and packed cell volume. Retinoid treatment also caused increased plasma alkaline phosphatase activity and decreased serum albumin levels. Histopathological changes associated with retinoid administration primarily included liver lesions as characterized by degeneration and enlargement of hepatocytes. The present studies indicate that synthetic retinoids are less toxic than the natural ones. PMID- 6226124 TI - Potentiation of thioacetamide-induced hepatotoxicity in alloxan- and streptozotocin-diabetic rats. AB - Thioacetamide-induced hepatoxicity was potentiated in male Sprague-Dawley rats rendered diabetic by alloxan or streptozotocin. The response was more striking in alloxan-diabetic rats. Insulin administration prevented the potentiation following alloxan pretreatment. Fasting also resulted in an enhanced hepatotoxic response to thioacetamide, but the increase was much less than that observed in rats given the diabetogenic agents. The ketosis produced by alloxan was more severe than that induced by streptozotocin, but was unlike that caused by fasting. Pretreatment with phenobarbital, 3-methylcholanthrene or 3,4-benzpyrene did not enhance thioacetamide liver injury. PMID- 6226125 TI - Inhibition of gastric emptying by chinoform and its relation to strain differences in acute toxicity of chinoform in mice. AB - Significant difference in oral LD50 of chinoform in mice was observed between strains C57BL/6 and C3H/He. C57BL mice were more sensitive to oral toxicity of chinoform than C3H mice. Doses of 200 mg/kg of chinoform gave a more rapid and prolonged inhibition of gastric emptying in C57BL mice than in C3H mice. Small intestinal transit in C57BL mice was slower than that in C3H mice. The delayed gastric emptying and slow small intestinal transit in C57BL mice affected the blood levels of chinoform, and these factors may be, at least partly, responsible for the difference in the lethal toxicity of chinoform between the two strains. PMID- 6226126 TI - Effects of mercuric chloride on the membrane integrity of cultured cell lines. AB - The effects of mercuric chloride on the membrane integrity of neuronal (N1E115), glial (138MG), muscle (L6) and liver (BRL123) cells in culture were studied. Alterations in passive membrane permeability were investigated in a perfusion system by following the efflux of radioactivity from cells preloaded with tritiated 2-deoxy-D-glucose. The efflux increased rapidly in the presence of a low concentration of HgCl2 (10(-5) M). The cell lines exhibited differential sensitivity to HgCl2 in the following order: BRL greater than L6 greater than N1E115 greater than 138MG. This differential sensitivity was confirmed by the alterations in the structure of the cell surfaces as observed in the scanning electron microscope. It is suggested that 2-deoxy-D-[3H]glucose may be a suitable probe in studies of membrane lesions caused by toxic substances. PMID- 6226127 TI - [Laboratory and clinical study of the dental sealant Folakor]. PMID- 6226128 TI - [Role of student research work in the training of specialists in pedodontics]. PMID- 6226129 TI - [Teaching problems of deontology in a department of oral surgery]. PMID- 6226130 TI - Formation and isolation of delta 5-3-ketosteroids using a purified rat liver alcohol dehydrogenase. AB - 3 beta-Hydroxy-5-androsten-17-one is converted to 5-androstene-3, 17-dione by rat liver alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH). We have reported on the purity of the enzyme which is eluted with pyrazole as a single homogeneous protein using an AMP agarose affinity column. Rat liver ADH can oxidize hydroxyl groups not only at 3 beta-, but also at 3 alpha-, and 17 beta-positions to a lesser extent; thus it is a pure mammalian enzyme with multifunctional activity for steroids. Since it does not contain delta 5-isomerase activity, the reaction of the dehydrogenase to form the delta 5-ketosteroid intermediate can be observed at pH 7.0, 25 degrees C. Similarly, intermediary product, 5-pregnene-3,20-dione, can be isolated in the conversion of pregnenolone by ADH to progesterone. With buffer alone in a cuvette, a non-enzymatic isomerization of the delta 5-3-ketone occurs at a slow rate (t 1/2 = 6 hrs) but occurs rapidly during isolation procedures. The delta 5 3-ketosteroid intermediates were identified by their behavior on TLC plates with UV light and by their characteristic spectra in the NMR. PMID- 6226131 TI - Babana Parasitic Diseases Project. II. Prevalence and impact of dracontiasis in Babana district, Kwara State, Nigeria. AB - An epidemiological survey of dracontiasis conducted in Babana district, Kwara State, Nigeria revealed that of 669 subjects examined in the three communities where active transmission occurred, 366 (54.7%) were infected. Multiple infections were common (85.1%) and the frequency of severe incapacitation was correspondingly high (55.5%), especially among the economically productive adults of whom about 70% were disabled. Whereas the infection rate was 37.9% among 190 children under 10 years of age examined, it was significantly higher (61.4%) among 479 older subjects (P less than 0.001). 188 (57.1%) of all the males examined and 178 (53.3%) of their female counterparts were infected. However, this difference was not statistically significant (P greater than 0.20). Of the various ethnic groups represented, the infection rate was significantly higher among the Bokos than among the cattle Fulanis (P less than 0.001) while that for the non-indigenes (Hausas, Yorubas, and Agatus) was statistically comparable to the Bokos. The public health impacts of dracontiasis as reflected on the social, economic, religious and political situations locally, are discussed. PMID- 6226132 TI - Cardiomegaly in Northern Zambia: clinico-pathological observations. AB - Massive cardiomegaly (heart weight above 400 g in females and 450 g in males) was studied in 26 Zambians examined post mortem. The aetiologies found were: hypertensive heart disease alone in six cases; hypertensive and alcoholic heart disease in two cases; alcoholic heart disease alone in five; alcoholic and pulmonary heart disease in one; alcohol with possible hypertensive heart disease in one. Eleven cases were classified as being idiopathic mainly due to lack of data and in five of these hypertension was suspected as being the cause. The series qualitatively represented the spectrum of non-rheumatic heart disease seen in patients admitted to the Central Hospital, Ndola, Zambia. Hypertension had a central role in the causation of massive cardiomegaly. Follow-up of several patients enabled observations on the cardiac effects of hypertension and alcoholism operating simultaneously and on the relationship between hypertension and congestive cardiomyopathy. PMID- 6226133 TI - Suppression of mixed lymphocyte reactivity by cellular and humoral factors in aplastic anemia--both before and after bone marrow transplantation. AB - A patient with infectious hepatitis who developed severe aplastic anemia received a bone marrow transplant from her HLA-identical, mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC) negative sister. It was found that pretreatment of normal lymphocytes with the immunoglobulin fraction of the patient's serum resulted in marked inhibition of their proliferative response to mitogens, as well as their ability to serve as stimulators and responders in MLC. The patient's lymphocytes, unlike those of her HLA-identical sister were unable to stimulate and respond in MLC and markedly suppressed mixed lymphocyte reactivity between two unrelated healthy individuals. Donor-type lymphocytes obtained from the patient after engraftment were also unable to respond or stimulate in MLC. It is suggested that the suppression of lymphocyte responses was mediated by an immunoglobulin present in the patient's serum. PMID- 6226134 TI - Immune mechanisms in organ allograft rejection. II. T helper cells, delayed-type hypersensitivity, and rejection of renal allografts. AB - The cellular requirements for renal allograft rejection have been assessed by adoptive transfer studies in a rat model. Sublethally irradiated (780 rads) LEW (RT1l) recipients of WF (RT1u) renal allografts were selectively reconstituted with spleen cells from specifically sensitized donors. In some experiments the reconstituting inocula were depleted of SIg+ cells by passage over anti-Ig columns or subjected to additional depletion of cytotoxic T cells (Tc) and their precursors reactive with monoclonal antibody OX8. WF renal allografts underwent acute rejection in the unmodified LEW recipient with day 7 serum creatinines of 6.8 +/- 0.9 mg/dL (mean +/- SD; n = 7), graft histology characterized by marked mononuclear cell infiltration and evidence of a brisk humoral response (complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) titer greater than 2(6] and generation of Tc demonstrable by in vitro monitoring. Sublethally irradiated recipients mounted no detectable immune response, and day 7 serum creatinine and graft histological findings were not significantly different from those obtained in isograft controls. Renal allografts were, however, rejected in sublethally irradiated recipients reconstituted with unfractionated immune spleen cells, as evidenced by functional and histologic criteria (day 7 serum creatinine of 5.5 +/ 1.2 mg/dL; histology characterized by extensive interstitial hemorrhage, fibrinoid necrosis of blood vessels, and polymorphic infiltration). Neither antibody nor Tc appear, in this model, to be required to effect rejection, because recipients reconstituted with inocula depleted of SIg+ cells (day 7 CDC titer less than 2l) or subjected to additional depletion of Tc and their precursors (day 7 lymphocyte-mediated cytotoxicity assay: % specific chromium release at 100/1 E/T ratios less than 5%) underwent acute rejection with a day 7 serum creatinine of 5.0 +/- 1 and 4.3 +/- 1.5 mg/dL, respectively, and histological findings were characterized by marked mononuclear cell infiltration and a paucity of hemorrhage. PMID- 6226135 TI - Identification of donor-derived antigen-specific suppressor cells in murine bone marrow chimeras prepared with total-lymphoid irradiation. AB - The suppressor activity of the spleen cells from bone marrow chimeras prepared with total-lymphoid irradiation was analyzed in vitro. The chimeric spleen cells lacked responsiveness to host-type, but not to third-party, antigens in the mixed leukocyte reaction (MLR) as judged by (3H)thymidine incorporation and the generation of cytolytic cells. When the donor-type chimeric spleen cells were used as cocultured cells in the MLR, modest nonspecific suppression of (3H)thymidine incorporation and potent antigen-specific suppression of the generation of the cytolytic cells was observed. The donor-type suppressor cells may play an important role in preventing graft-versus-host disease in vivo. PMID- 6226136 TI - Mechanisms of tolerance in murine radiation bone marrow chimeras. I. Nonspecific suppression of alloreactivity by spleen cells from early, but not late, chimeras. AB - Allogeneic chimeras were prepared using lethally irradiated B6 hosts and untreated marrow from exsanguinated BALB/c donors. For about two months after reconstitution, chimeras had very weak antihost cell-mediated lymphocytotoxicity (CML) reactivity and little third-party alloreactivity. During this time a cell population capable of suppressing CML reactivity against both host and third party alloantigens (i.e., antigen-nonspecific) was demonstrated in chimera spleens by in vitro mixing experiments. The putative suppressor cells were Thy-1 negative and radiation-sensitive. Subsequently, mature chimeras showed host tolerance and strong third-party alloreactivity. At this point suppressor mechanisms could no longer be demonstrated. These data are consistent with a clonal elimination hypothesis in that they do not provide evidence to indicate that maintenance of specific immune tolerance is mediated by an active suppressor mechanism. PMID- 6226137 TI - Genetic influences on pancreas transplantation. PMID- 6226138 TI - Absence of transplantation tolerance and strong sensitization in the host after transplantation of spleen allografts in the (LEW X BN)F1 leads to lew strain combination. PMID- 6226139 TI - Trends in pediatric uroradiology. AB - Excretory urography, conventional and radionuclide voiding cysto(urethro)graphy, ultrasonography, radionuclide renal imaging and computed tomography are all currently readily available in most locales for the evaluation of the child's urinary tract. It is the responsibility of the radiologist to determine which studies are best for which children and the order in which they should be performed to minimize "cost" while maximizing the information obtained. A description of such an approach and its consequences are presented. PMID- 6226140 TI - Radionuclide voiding cystography. AB - Radionuclide voiding cystography is a sensitive and accurate method for diagnosing vesicoureteric reflux. This method allows for continuous monitoring of bladder filling and emptying, permits detection of reflux at any time during the study, and evaluates its dynamics. Since it results in very low amounts of radiation to the patient, it is an ideal method for the diagnosis and follow-up of children with reflux. PMID- 6226142 TI - [Role of hemodynamic factors and heart volume in the prognosis of acute cardiac insufficiency during the early postoperative period in patients with mitral valve stenosis]. AB - Investigations performed in 172 patients have shown that the state of the myocardium (such parameters as the heart volume, degree of lung hypertension, end diastolic pressure in the right and left ventricles) is of great importance in pathogenesis of the development of acute heart failure in the early postoperative period in patients with mitral stenosis of the IIIrd and IVth stage of the blood circulation insufficiency. PMID- 6226141 TI - Reconstruction of abdominal wall and mons pubis in females with bladder exstrophy. AB - We report on 3 patients with bladder exstrophy who had considerable scar deformities of the lower abdomen after primary closure of the bladder and/or urinary diversion. The scar tissue was excised, and augmentation of the abdominal wall and mons veneris was achieved by the use of a pedicled, vascularized groin flap with integrated bone from the iliac crest. This procedure is recommended for patients with faulty closure of the pelvic ring and severe defect of the lower abdominal wall. PMID- 6226143 TI - [Diaphragmatic injuries]. AB - One hundred and twenty patients with injured diaphragms resulting from wounds and closed traumas of the chest were observed under conditions of specialized emergency aid. The authors think that complex clinical, roentgenological and instrumental methods of diagnosis can improve preoperative diagnosis of injuries of the diaphragm and thus reduce postoperative lethality, especially in thoracoabdominal wounds. PMID- 6226144 TI - The head genes of bacteriophage 21. AB - Physical and genetic maps of the head genes of lambdoid phage 21 have been made and compared with the head gene map of lambda. Because 21 and lambda have partial sequence homology throughout the head genes it was expected that the head genes of 21 would be analogous to those of lambda. Eight head genes of 21 have been identified and it was found that each of the genes is analogous in position, structure, and/or function to a lambda head gene. Phage 21 genes analogous to the lambda D and FI genes were not identified by mutation. Complementation studies between phage 21 and lambda mutants indicate that only gpFII (the protein product of a gene is referred to as gp (gene product] is fully interchangeable, gpW and gpD are partially interchangeable, and the rest of the head morphogenetic proteins are phage specific. In analogy with phage lambda, it is found that the gpNu3 analog (gp6) of phage 21 is synthesized from the same reading frame as the gpC analog (gp5), resulting in a protein identical to the carboxy terminus of gp5. PMID- 6226145 TI - [175th anniversary of the Regional Military Hospital of the Red Banner Transcaucasian Military District]. PMID- 6226146 TI - [Balneological mud therapy of osteoarthritis deformans patients coming in contact with fluorine and its compounds]. PMID- 6226147 TI - [Sanatorium and health resort treatment in the Crimea of children with pyelonephritis and their effectiveness]. PMID- 6226148 TI - [Effect of combined treatment including Arzni carbonate mineral baths on the glycolipid level of the blood of ischemic heart disease patients]. PMID- 6226149 TI - [Dependence of the distribution of hypertension on the topographical and climatic features of different regions of Georgia]. PMID- 6226150 TI - [Effect of radon vapor baths on the indices of kidney function in hypertension patients]. PMID- 6226151 TI - [Immediate and late results of the sanatorium and health resort treatment of adolescents with biliary tract diseases in Yessentuki]. PMID- 6226152 TI - [Information value of colpocytological studies during the health resort treatment of gynecologic patients]. PMID- 6226153 TI - [Achievements and developmental prospects of physiotherapeutic care of the population of the Moldavian SSR]. PMID- 6226154 TI - [Physical exercise in the complex of health-promoting measures for students with respiratory diseases in sanatoria for preventive care]. PMID- 6226155 TI - [Effect of Arzni carbonate mineral baths on oxidative-reductive processes in the myocardium in focal metabolic damage (an experimental study)]. PMID- 6226156 TI - [Effectiveness of the combined treatment of patients with the exogenous constitutional form of obesity at sanatoria and health resorts]. AB - The treatment of patients with exogenous-constitutional obesity with the dietetics (low caloric diet, fasting days) coupled with health resort and physical factors, especially at the hospital-health resort Dzhermuk stage, ensures a positive time course of changes in the laboratory indicators. The function of the hepatobiliary system and pancreas involved into the pathogenesis of obesity improves. The increased compensatory possibilities of these organs promote the attainment of favourable results. PMID- 6226158 TI - [Role of kinins in allergic diseases (review of the literature)]. PMID- 6226157 TI - [Use of nicotinamide for correcting the disordered nicotinic acid allowance of patients with noncoronarogenic heart diseases]. AB - A study was made of the effects of different doses of nicotinamide (NA) on the nicotinic acid supply in 37 patients with rheumocarditis of varying severity without circulation failure, in 5 patients with infectious-allergic myocarditis, and in 10 patients with tonzilogenous myocardiodystrophy. Twenty-eight patients with analogous diseases given unified therapy without NA and 70 healthy subjects were examined for control purposes. The rate of vitamin PP supply was evaluated from the content of NAD and NADP in red cells, from that of N'-methylnicotinamide in the blood and its excretion with urine. Administration of NA in a dose of 50 mg a day for 2 weeks to patients with tonsilogenous myocardiodystrophy made the indicators under consideration return to normal. The attainment of complete correction of abnormal vitamin PP supply in patients with rheumocarditis and infectious-allergic myocarditis demands a 2-time increase of the drug dose. PMID- 6226159 TI - [Seasonal morbidity of acute leukemia]. PMID- 6226160 TI - The biology of NippostrongyLus brasiliensis in SPF rats. AB - When maintained under SPF (specific pathogen free) conditions, Wistar rats had low and variable counts of adult Nippostrongylus brasiliensis. Worm counts were increased if rats were kept in solid rather than wire-bottom cages, if rats were maintained under non-SPF conditions, or if SPF rats were orally inoculated with gut contents from non-SPF rats. It is concluded that gut flora in SPF wistar rats directly or indirectly affects the numbers of larvae establishing as adult worms. PMID- 6226161 TI - [Use of medicinal plants and preparations from them to treat various skin diseases]. PMID- 6226162 TI - [Local immunoreactive therapy of psoriatic arthritis]. PMID- 6226163 TI - [Seasonal incidence of staphylodermas and their calculated prevention]. PMID- 6226164 TI - Omphalocele and gastroschisis analysis of a 6 year series of 23 cases. AB - Twenty-three cases of omphalocele or gastroschisis managed at the Pediatric Surgical Department Juntendo University Medical School, Tokyo, Japan during the period 1973-78 are analysed. There were 5 cases with hernia into the cord, 13 with omphalocele proper and 6 with gastroschisis. The overall mortality was 26%. Both omphalocele proper and hernia into the cord had high incidence of concomitant malformation. Survival could be closely correlated with severity of associated congenital anomalies. Patient with birth weight lower than 2000gm and/or with defect larger than 8 cm was also at great risk. T.P.N. and assisted respiration evolved the management of omphalocele and gastroschisis. Significant differences in associated anomalies, birth order and birth weight between hernia into the cord and gastroschisis tends to rebut that both are the results of same congenital accident. PMID- 6226165 TI - [Leptospira population ecology. II. An attempt to assess the number in the soil and the epizootic potential of infected spots]. AB - Leptospires released with a carrier's urine were found to inhabit the upper layer of the soil 1 cm deep at a radius of 1-2 cm from the place of their penetration into the soil. A sharp drop in the number of leptospires in the "infected spot" was shown to occur; in 6-12 hours their concentration became no different from that in the intact soil. Most of such spots retained their infective capacity for 6 hours (up to 2 days), though the presence of leptospires at low concentration was registered for 10 days (the term of observation). The infective capacity was probably maintained by the regular addition of leptospires with carriers' urine. PMID- 6226166 TI - [Importance of secretory antibodies in nonsusceptibility to influenza B disease and the prevention of the spread of this virus]. AB - Under the conditions of the natural outbreak of influenza B a rise in the level of antibodies in the blood serum and respiratory tract secretions has been found to occur in nonimmunized persons during this disease. Secretory antibodies, along with serum antibodies and in interaction with them, prevent the development of clinically manifest influenza. The asymptomatic form of influenza infection has been revealed: during this form of the disease the response of the body is limited to the local immunity system. PMID- 6226167 TI - [Trephined skull from the Dargavs "City of the Dead" necropolis in the North Osetian village of Dargavs]. PMID- 6226168 TI - [Comparative study of glucan synthetase activity in 2 strains of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis]. PMID- 6226169 TI - Down's syndrome and acute megakaryoblastic leukaemia. Case report and review of the literature. AB - A case is reported of a child with Down's syndrome who developed acute megakaryoblastic leukaemia, and in whom the evolution of the disease was accompanied by increasing cytogenetic abnormalities. A review of the literature suggests that the presence of an abnormal chromosome 21 may predispose to the development of this type of leukaemia. PMID- 6226170 TI - Structural alterations and changes in the distribution of markers in transected skeletal muscle fibers of the guinea pig. PMID- 6226171 TI - Abnormalities of immunocyte function in multiple sclerosis. PMID- 6226172 TI - Gastroschisis diagnosed in utero by ultrasound. PMID- 6226173 TI - Diastolic properties of the hypertrophied left ventricle in spontaneously hypertensive rats. AB - The influence of myocardial hypertrophy on left ventricular volume compliance was studied in vitro in isolated hearts of 4 and 19 month old spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY). In both SHR groups diastolic volume compliance was similar to that in the controls, despite the presence of left ventricular hypertrophy. This seems to be mainly due to an altered geometric situation, since with increased wall thickness to internal radius ratio (w/ri), which was at hand, the less are outer myocardial layers stretched at a given increase in ventricular volume. This may imply that these layers will only little interfere with luminal distension (and thereby with diastolic volume compliance) in SHR. It was also observed that the progressive increase of ventricular hypertrophy from 4 to 19 months of age did not further increase w/ri in SHR, indicating an increase in overall ventricular size with age. Left ventricular end diastolic pressure (LVEDP) was also measured in conscious 5 week and 4 month old SHR compared with matched controls. LVEDP increased with the development of hypertension and was significantly elevated in 4 month old SHR. This will increase also the average diastolic pre-stretch of the SHR left ventricle and mobilize the "Starling mechanism" to maintain a normal stroke volume against the increased afterload for the heart in established hypertension. This seems particularly important since the hypertrophic w/ri increase (about 20%) is smaller than the great elevation of mean arterial pressure (40-50%) in SHR. PMID- 6226175 TI - Radiologic detection of aortic stenosis. AB - Preoperative chest films of 100 consecutive patients with valvular aortic stenosis, referred to surgery, were evaluated. Aortic valve calcifications were the most common radiologic indicator of the disease, visible on the lateral chest film in 91 per cent of the cases notwithstanding high kV technique (170 kV). Poststenotic dilatation of the aorta appeared in only 36 per cent, unquestionable left ventricular enlargement in 52 per cent. It is concluded that, by paying attention to valve calcifications also when the aortic stenosis is not yet suggested clinically, the radiologist may contribute to timely diagnosis which may prevent unnecessary suffering or death. Difficulties in detection and possible confusion of aortic valve calcification with normal structures are discussed. PMID- 6226174 TI - Effects of sodium fluxes and ouabain on brain-slice tryptophan transport. AB - Efflux of preloaded [3H]tryptophan from rat cerebral cortex slices has been monitored into superfusion media that were altered in their sodium content. Total replacement of sodium with choline greatly increased the release of tryptophan. This release could be cancelled by re-introducing sodium into the slices. A brief exposure to ouabain, an efficient inhibitor of Na+, K+-ATPase activity, only slightly increased tryptophan efflux at the concentration of 0.1 mM, whereas at 1.0 mM it produced a similar effect as the sodium-free medium. Accordingly, when the slices were superfused in the presence of ouabain and sodium, the change of medium to sodium-free caused much greater relative enhancement of tryptophan efflux with 0.1 than 1.0 mM ouabain. Tryptophan efflux was modified by changes in sodium fluxes also in slices initially depleted of sodium ions and treated with ouabain. The results suggest that the sodium-free medium and ouabain have a similar mechanism of action in modifying the tryptophan transport, and that the cation gradients across the cell membranes are more crucial for normal amino acid transport than the functional Na+, K+-ATPase. PMID- 6226176 TI - Hysterosalpingography in the evaluation of infertility. AB - Hysterosalpinography (HSG) was performed in 220 women for evaluation of infertility. Laparoscopy or laparotomy for final assessment of tubal patency were carried out in 110. HSG revealed a normal tubal patency in 66.8 per cent, whereas abnormal patency was found in 24.1 per cent. At operation, 85.7 per cent of the HSG diagnoses were confirmed. A clear correlation existed between previous lesions in the genital tract and pathologic findings at HSG and operation. The pregnancy rate following HSG was 15.4 per cent. It is concluded that HSG is of great value in the initial evaluation of infertility. The findings facilitate the decision regarding the final operative procedure: laparoscopy or laparotomy. PMID- 6226177 TI - Thermography in the diagnosis of deep venous thrombosis. A comparison with 99Tcm plasmin test, clinical diagnosis and phlebography. AB - Thermography, clinical examination and 99Tcm-plasmin test were performed in 112 patients and compared with phlebography. The study population consists of consecutive outpatients with symptoms compatible with deep venous thrombosis, who presented during regular clinic hours. Scoring systems were constructed for the clinical and thermographic evaluation. Both thermography and clinical diagnosis were insufficiently sensitive and specific for screening purposes. Plasmin test had a high sensitivity, 95%, but a low specificity. It is possible that a combination of thermography and clinical diagnostic criteria can provide an acceptable screening procedure. Combining thermography with a routine examination by the physician on duty yielded less favourable results. PMID- 6226178 TI - Ventricular arrhythmias and left ventricular dysfunction in familial cardiomyopathy. AB - In familial cardiomyopathy (CM), different forms of myocardial abnormalities including asymmetric and symmetric hypertrophy and dilated left ventricles are presented, mostly showing varying hereditary penetrance. This study presents a family with CM including three major clinical manifestations: severe ventricular arrhythmias, repolarization abnormalities and left ventricular hypertrophy. This triad was strikingly consistent in the two generations examined. The familial pattern with an autosomal dominant inheritance did not show any linkage to the HLA region. PMID- 6226179 TI - Osteomalacia in the elderly: the value of radio-isotope bone scanning in patients with equivocal biochemistry. AB - Radio-isotope bone scanning was used to detect osteomalacia in 17 elderly subjects who had equivocal biochemical evidence of this condition. The scan was positive in 10 of the 17 subjects. Bone biopsy confirmed osteomalacia in all 10, but also identified a further two cases. Isotope bone scanning is a practical and relatively non-invasive method of detecting osteomalacia in elderly subjects. PMID- 6226180 TI - Transluminal angioplasty of the superior mesenteric artery: an alternative to surgical revascularization. AB - Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of stenotic lesions of the superior mesenteric artery was performed eight times in four patients with ischemic bowel syndrome. All patients were either poor surgical risks or had lesions not amenable to surgical correction. One patient also had angioplasty of a stenotic celiac artery. The four patients in this report have had more than 1 year of follow-up. All have had good results. Superior mesenteric artery angioplasty seems to be a nonsurgical alternative for the treatment of atherosclerotic mesenteric ischemia. PMID- 6226182 TI - Employment and recreation patterns in patients treated by percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty: a multicenter study. AB - Employment and recreational patterns were analyzed in 279 patients who underwent percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) for treatment of symptomatic coronary artery disease. PTCA was successful in 180 patients (65%). When it was unsuccessful, coronary artery bypass graft surgery was usually performed (80%). Return-to-work rates were high irrespective of the outcome of PTCA. Of patients employed full-time or part-time before treatment, 98.5% of those who had successful PTCA alone and 97% of those whose PTCA was unsuccessful but who underwent uncomplicated coronary artery bypass surgery maintained or improved their work status. In a subgroup of men who had been employed in occupations requiring physical labor, 85% of the men whose PTCA was successful returned to work, compared with 68% of those whose PTCA was unsuccessful. The interval from attempted PTCA to return to work was significantly shorter in the successfully treated group; in patients with successful PTCA, the median time to return to work was 14 days, compared with 60 days in patients in whom PTCA was unsuccessful (p less than 0.001). During follow-up, patients with successful PTCA had less angina and were more active in recreational activities than patients who required alternative treatments. PMID- 6226181 TI - [Case reports and diagnostic methods in a review of drug allergy]. PMID- 6226184 TI - Retirement disability among workers in a natural gas distribution company. AB - Epidemiological investigations of occupational disability are severely limited because of the inherent difficulties in standardizing definitions of disability and because of the lack of appropriate comparison data. Nevertheless, occupational disability is of great concern to workers. An investigation of disability, defined as permanent retirement due to medical disability, among hourly employees of a natural gas distribution company was undertaken in response to a request by the employees' union. Because of the above limitations, a hypothesis-generating rather than hypothesis-testing approach was taken, utilizing both disability retirement incidence rates and a prevalence survey of the living disabled retirees. It was hypothesized from the analysis that this group of workers did experience an excess of retirement disability for the period 1971-1980 when compared to estimated disability incidence rates of the general Social Security insured population, and that this excess may have been due in part to an excess of musculoskeletal disabilities associated with occupational physical stresses and strains. PMID- 6226183 TI - Myocardial oxygen consumption in left ventricular hypertrophy and its relation to left ventricular mechanics. AB - Alterations in left ventricular (LV) mechanics have significant effects on myocardial oxygen consumption (MVO2) as a result of changing LV pressure and dimensions. However, the effects of load alteration on MVO2 in the setting of LV hypertrophy and LV dysfunction have not been well characterized. Therefore, we examined changes in LV mechanics and MVO2 in 32 patients with varying degrees of LV hypertrophy and LV dysfunction before and after pharmacologic alteration of load. With phenylephrine or nitroglycerin-induced load alteration, changes in peak systolic meridional stress, mean systolic stress and the area of a stress dimension loop all correlated modestly with changes in MVO2 (r = 0.66, 0.62, 0.63, respectively). However, changes in the time integral of LV ejection stress, or shortening load, were significantly correlated with changes in MVO2 (r = 0.88, p less than 0.001). In particular, load reduction results in a beneficial effect on MVO2. In addition, for a given change in LV systolic pressure, changes in shortening load (38 +/- 3.7%) were significantly greater than changes in tension time index (13 +/- 1.4%), thus providing a sensitive marker of alteration of mechanical load. We conclude that physiologic alterations in mechanical load in normal persons as well as patients with LV hypertrophy are reflected in significant changes in the time integral of LV ejection stress. These changes in shortening load, mediated by changing LV pressure and dimension, are significantly related to changes in MVO2. PMID- 6226185 TI - Left ventricular hypertrophy--good or evil? PMID- 6226186 TI - Time course of regression of left ventricular hypertrophy in treated hypertensive patients. AB - In a prospective study, 32 hypertensive patients with echocardiographic evidence of left ventricular hypertrophy were treated with methyldopa, hydrochlorothiazide, or methyldopa and hydrochlorothiazide combined. Echocardiograms and electrocardiograms were obtained in each of the 32 patients before treatment, at the point of initial blood pressure control, and then one, three, and six months thereafter; in 27 patients these studies were also obtained after 12 and 18 months. Left ventricular end-diastolic posterior wall thickness decreased in seven patients whose blood pressure was controlled with methyldopa alone (p less than 0.01) and in 17 patients whose blood pressure was controlled with methyldopa and hydrochlorothiazide combined (p less than 0.01); in both groups, the reduction in left ventricular posterior wall thickness at end diastole was apparent one month after blood pressure control was established (p less than 0.05). In contrast, no significant reduction in left ventricular posterior wall thickness at end-diastole was observed in eight patients who had equivalent control of blood pressure with hydrochlorothiazide alone (p = 0.34). During the 18-month follow-up period, ventricular septal thickness at end diastole decreased in the group treated with methyldopa and hydrochlorothiazide combined (p = 0.03); whereas, ventricular septal thickness at end-diastole appeared to increase in the group treated with hydrochlorothiazide alone (p less than 0.01). These results suggest that evidence of regression of left ventricular hypertrophy may be detected as early as one month after blood pressure is controlled with methyldopa or methyldopa and hydrochlorothiazide combined; whereas, long-term control of hypertension with hydrochlorothiazide alone was not associated with evidence of regression of left ventricular hypertrophy. Although the patient number are small, these data suggest that there are differences in the long-term effects of diuretics and sympatholytic drugs on left ventricular anatomy, which may, in part, relate to divergent effects on the sympathetic nervous system. PMID- 6226187 TI - Electrocardiographic changes in the course of antihypertensive treatment. AB - Since the early trials of antihypertensive drug treatment, regression of electrocardiographic evidence of left ventricular hypertrophy has been demonstrated. The first multiclinic trial in which these effects were reported was the Veterans Administration trial. In this study the development of abnormal QRS voltage, S-T segment depression or T-wave flattening or inversion in the treated patients was only one-fourth that found in the control group. In those patients with electrocardiographic evidence of left ventricular hypertrophy prior to randomization, reversal of the abnormalities occurred two and a half times more frequently in the treated patients then in the control patients. Other controlled trials have shown similar results with antihypertensive treatment. It is concluded that following antihypertensive drug treatment the electrocardiographic evidence of left ventricular hypertrophy in hypertensive patients is markedly reduced. However, the electrocardiographic signs associated with coronary heart disease did not seem to be altered. PMID- 6226188 TI - Effect of long-term antihypertensive therapy on cardiac anatomy in patients with essential hypertension. AB - M-mode echocardiography was used in 12 patients with essential hypertension to study changes in cardiac anatomy during long-term therapy with hydrochlorothiazide (50 to 100 mg) and alpha-methyldopa (500 to 1,750 mg). Echocardiographic examination was performed after six weeks of treatment with hydrochlorothiazide alone and after four to six weeks, six months, and nine months of treatment with both hydrochlorothiazide and alpha-methyldopa. Hydrochlorothiazide alone induced a small, and not significant, change in blood pressure (from 157 +/- 16 (SD)/105 +/- 9 to 150 +/- 14/101 +/- 5 mm Hg). Changes in echocardiographic parameters of cardiac anatomy were not observed during short term diuretic therapy. Addition of alpha-methyldopa further reduced blood pressure (to 133 +/- 11/90 +/- 6 mm Hg, p less than 0.001), which was maintained throughout the study. Gradual decreases in diastolic septal thickness (from 10.9 +/- 1.1 to 9.5 +/- 1.0 mm, p less than 0.01), relative wall thickness (from 0.40 +/- 0.06 to 0.36 +/- 0.06, p less than 0.05) and left ventricular cross-sectional area (from 18.9 +/- 2.9 to 17.3 +/- 2.6 cm2, p less than 0.05) were observed. Posterior wall thickness did not change significantly during the study. The results provide evidence for regression of echocardiographic parameters of cardiac muscle mass during long-term antihypertensive treatment with a diuretic and a centrally-acting sympatholytic drug. Regression of left ventricular mass was not clearly related to changes in casual blood pressure. However, patients who showed a decrease in septal thickness tended to have a greater decrease in systolic blood pressure than those in whom septal thickness did not change during therapy. Moreover, patients in whom a decrease in left ventricular transverse dimension was observed, had a greater decrease in both systolic and diastolic blood pressure than those in whom left ventricular diastolic dimension did not change. PMID- 6226189 TI - Physiologic considerations in left ventricular hypertrophy. AB - Left ventricular hypertrophy is both a target organ response to hypertensive vascular disease as well as a factor that might be responsible for other cardiovascular events. Recent work confirms that the increased cardiac mass associated with hypertension results as a structural adaptation to the increased afterload imposed on the heart. Initially there is a transient period of hyperfunction that is followed by the sustained structural adaptative period of stable hyperfunction. Even before left ventricular failure supervenes, the ventricular mass demonstrates impaired contraction. This article reviews the hemodynamic evidence in favor of this sequence of events but, in addition, points to the pathophysiological and clinical factors that may be responsible for the increased cardiac mass in addition to the pressure overload. These include: the pressor mechanisms per se; the age, sex, and race of the patient; and coexisting diseases. Some of these factors may account in part for the regression of cardiac mass with antihypertensive therapy. However, until we understand more clearly those factors that transduce the physical stimulus for hypertrophy into biochemical events, we shall neither understand completely the development of this structural adaptation of the heart nor its regression with treatment. PMID- 6226190 TI - Echocardiographic assessment of left ventricular structure and function in hypertension. Methodology. AB - M-mode and two-dimensional echocardiography now provide an armamentarium of noninvasive techniques that permit assessment of left ventricular pump function, quantitation of afterload, a load-independent assessment of contractile state, and quantitation of pressure overload hypertrophy. Combined application of these methods to problems in the assessment of hypertensive heart disease can clarify both disease mechanisms and therapeutic effects by identifying the contributions of changes in myocardial mass, alterations in contractile state and variations in afterload to a given phenomenon. PMID- 6226191 TI - Determinants of left ventricular hypertrophy and function in hypertensive patients. An echocardiographic study. AB - Hypertensive patients present a wide spectrum of echocardiographic alterations. A review of these changes in 74 patients (37 untreated and 37 treated) revealed left ventricular hypertrophy in 43 (58 percent). There was no significant difference between treated and untreated patients in regard to either the prevalence of left ventricular hypertrophy or of its various subtypes [concentric left ventricular hypertrophy in 15 (20.3 percent), asymmetric septal hypertrophy in 16 (21.6 percent), and combined left ventricular hypertrophy and dilation in 12 (16.2 percent)]. None of the patients who showed asymmetric septal hypertrophy had abnormal motion of the mitral valve. Cardiac performance as judged by left ventricular percent shortening was related inversely to end-systolic stress (p less than 0.001) and positively to the ratio of end-systolic pressure/end systolic volume (an index of myocardial contractility) (p less than 0.01). Multiple regression analysis showed an increased dependence on afterload (end systolic stress), when left ventricular hypertrophy developed and especially when it was associated with left ventricular dilation. PMID- 6226192 TI - Function of the hypertrophied left ventricle at rest and during exercise. Hypertension and aortic stenosis. AB - Assessment of left ventricular function may be of value in patients with pressure loaded, hypertrophied left ventricles for the purpose of characterizing such patients as to prognostic risk. To determine whether left ventricular function is in part independent of loading stresses in such patients, and to assess the effects of removal of loading factors, we have reviewed preliminary data in 60 patients with essential hypertension and in 26 patients with aortic stenosis who were studied with radionuclide cineangiography. Patients with hypertension manifested a poor but statistically significant direct relationship between systolic arterial pressure and left ventricular ejection fraction at rest, and a poor but significant inverse relationship between systolic pressure and the magnitude of change in ejection fraction from rest to exercise. However, a strong correlation existed between echocardiographic systolic fractional shortening and end-systolic wall stress at rest. Nonetheless, many patients with normal fractional shortening-end-systolic wall stress relationships had subnormal ejection fraction responses during exercise; the two patients with subnormal fractional shortening-end-systolic wall stress relationships at rest also had subnormal fractional shortening-end-systolic wall stress relationships during exercise. Arterial pressure alone was not predictive of these functional responses. These data suggest that hypertensive patients can be categorized on the basis of left ventricular function at rest and during exercise, independent of arterial pressure. Among patients with aortic stenosis, ejection fraction at rest averaged 67 percent before valve replacement (normal = 57 percent, p less than 0.01), and changed little after operation (71 percent, not significant). However, potential functional benefits of afterload reduction in the patient with the chronically pressure-loaded, hypertrophied left ventricle was suggested by results during exercise: before surgery the ejection fraction during exercise averaged 56 percent (normal = 71 percent, p less than 0.01), but after valve replacement it rose to 72 percent (not significant versus normal). Thus, our data in patients with aortic stenosis supplement our data in patients with hypertension, indicating that myocardial functional improvement can be achieved by unloading therapy in patients with long-standing left ventricular pressure loading and hypertrophy. PMID- 6226193 TI - Prevalence and natural history of electrocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy. AB - Left ventricular hypertrophy, particularly on the electrocardiogram, is an ominous, not an incidental accompaniment of hypertension and cardiovascular disease. The prevalence of electrocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy increases with age with a slight male predominance, and one in 10 persons aged 30 to 62 can expect to have it within 12 years. At any age, cardiac enlargement on roentgenograms is twice as prevalent as electrocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy, and in only 16 percent of those with x-ray evidence of cardiac enlargement does electrocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy subsequently develop. Hypertension predisposes and at systolic pressures exceeding 180 mm Hg evidence of electrocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy develops in 50 percent, with no closer relation to diastolic, than to systolic pressure. In addition to drastic curtailment of life expectancy, electrocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy is a harbinger of serious cardiovascular disease. Definite electrocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy is associated with an eightfold increase in cardiovascular mortality and a sixfold increase in coronary mortality. Electrocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy with repolarization criteria more than doubles the risk of hypertension alone and carries a greater risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality than cardiac enlargement. It identifies hypertensive patients with a compromised coronary circulation and myocardial damage. Risk of stroke, cardiac failure, and every clinical manifestation of coronary heart disease is substantially increased. In those with electrocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy risk of cardiac failure is three times that in those with hypertension alone. Electrocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy based solely on voltage criteria reflects chiefly the severity and duration of associated hypertension, carrying only half the cardiovascular risk of electrocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy with repolarization abnormality. The precise pathologic and anatomic meaning of electrocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy is unclear in view of the modest correlations with anatomic, x-ray, ventriculographic, and electrocardiographic measures of cardiac hypertrophy. The electrocardiographic aberrations are as much a product of myocardial damage as hypertrophy, and their appearance must be regarded as a grave prognostic sign in the course of cardiovascular disease. PMID- 6226194 TI - Left ventricular systolic performance during upright bicycle exercise in patients with essential hypertension. AB - Left ventricular performance was evaluated at rest and during maximal upright bicycle exercise in 51 patients with chronic essential hypertension. Twenty-eight of these patients had no clinical or electrocardiographic evidence of coronary artery disease and comprise the primary study population. The remaining 23 patients had coronary artery disease and represent a comparison group. First-pass radionuclide angiocardiograms were obtained at rest and during maximal upright bicycle exercise, allowing evaluation of global left ventricular ejection fraction and regional wall motion. At the time of the radionuclide studies, all patients were hypertensive, defined as a diastolic blood pressure 90 mm Hg or greater and/or a systolic blood pressure 140 mm Hg or greater with the patient at rest and sitting. In the primary study group, the left ventricular functional response to upright bicycle exercise was normal in 26 of 28 patients. Left ventricular ejection fraction averaged (+/- standard error) 65 +/- 2 percent at rest and increased significantly to 76 +/- 2 percent with exercise (p less than 0.001). Regional wall motion was normal both at rest and during exercise in all patients. Seventeen patients had electrocardiographic evidence of left ventricular hypertrophy, and 14 were receiving propranolol therapy. The left ventricular functional response also was normal in these subgroups. In contrast to the nearly uniform normal left ventricular responses noted in the patients with hypertension alone, the group with concomitant coronary artery disease had a markedly higher incidence of abnormal left ventricular reserve (19 of 23 versus two of 28, p less than 0.001) during exercise. Thus, in most patients with essential hypertension but without concomitant coronary artery disease, left ventricular reserve during exercise was normal. Hypertension, even with left ventricular hypertrophy, should not be viewed as the cause for an abnormal left ventricular response to exercise in a patient undergoing diagnostic exercise radionuclide angiocardiography. PMID- 6226195 TI - Identification of left ventricular hypertrophy: chest roentgenography, echocardiography, and electrocardiography. AB - The assessment of cardiac anatomy and function in the hypertensive population is an important aspect of the total evaluation of this patient group. The finding of cardiomegaly requires elucidation of its etiology. The finding of left ventricular hypertrophy on electrocardiogram is a harbinger for potential catastrophe, but other studies have indicated that the electrocardiogram may miss a substantial portion of the left ventricular hypertrophy which can be shown by echocardiogram: a normal electrocardiogram does not mean left ventricular hypertrophy is absent. Subtle changes on the electrocardiogram suggestive of left atrial abnormality must be pursued with echocardiography to eliminate the possibility of changes in left ventricular compliance or left ventricular hypertrophy. The prevention of left ventricular hypertrophy (or regression thereof) should be of major consideration to the clinician as he initiates antihypertensive therapy. The finding of left ventricular hypertrophy at the time of diagnosis tells the physician to implement aggressive and effective antihypertensive therapy. The absence of these findings should never imply, however, that therapy be withheld until indices of early or frank left ventricular hypertrophy are apparent. PMID- 6226196 TI - Clinical determinants and consequences of left ventricular hypertrophy. AB - The left ventricle adapts to an increased afterload such as that produced by arterial hypertension with concentric left ventricular hypertrophy. However, this adaptive process can be modified by a variety of physiologic and pathophysiologic states. Progressive aging, black race, and perhaps disorders with an increased sympathetic outflow seem to accelerate left ventricular hypertrophy. Obesity and other high cardiac output states predominantly produce dilatation of the left ventricle, and their combination with arterial hypertension results in eccentric left ventricular hypertrophy. Similarly, endurance exercise increases left ventricular volume more than wall thickness, whereas isometric exercise produces an increase in wall thickness only. The presence or absence of some physiologic and pathogenetic factors has direct implication on the assessment of what constitutes a "normal" left ventricular structure and function. Left ventricular hypertrophy has been shown to increase ventricular ectopic impulse generation and to put patients at a high risk of sudden death. Moreover, the increase in myocardial mass lowers coronary reserve and enhances cardiac oxygen requirements. Thus, the presence of left ventricular hypertrophy has to be considered as an ominous sign rather than as a benign adaptive process. PMID- 6226197 TI - Abnormalities in the coronary circulation that occur as a consequence of cardiac hypertrophy. AB - Myocardial ischemia is frequently observed in patients with cardiac hypertrophy even when the conduit coronary arteries are normal. Recent studies indicate that impaired coronary reserve in hypertrophied hearts probably occurs because growth of the coronary bed does not keep pace with increases in cardiac mass. The imbalance between vascular proliferation and muscle growth is probably most severe when cardiac hypertrophy is produced by pressure overload. Experimental studies also suggest that abnormalities intrinsic to pressure-hypertrophied heart muscle (decreased capillary density; decreased coronary reserve; electrophysiologic abnormalities) adversely affect the response of the enlarged heart to sudden coronary occlusion. When animals with hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy are subjected to sudden coronary occlusion, the incidence of sudden cardiac death is increased severalfold and infarct size is substantially augmented. These observations suggest that abnormalities in the coronary microcirculation that accompany cardiac hypertrophy play a significant role in the pathogenesis of the complications associated with cardiac hypertrophy. PMID- 6226198 TI - Myocardial hypertrophy and cardiac failure: a complex interrelationship. AB - The interrelationship between myocardial hypertrophy and myocardial function is a complex one. In patients with essential hypertension, the appearance of left ventricular hypertrophy may be an ominous sign, often presaging the evolution of congestive heart failure. In other settings, such as valvular heart disease, congestive cardiomyopathy, and ischemic heart disease, myocardial hypertrophy serves as a compensatory mechanism in response to excessive loading conditions. This article reviews experimental and clinical data concerning the evolution of hypertrophy and its relationship to myocardial function. PMID- 6226200 TI - Nondiabetic renal disease in patients with diabetes mellitus. AB - Renal diseases other than diabetic nephropathy were found in 10 of 122 diabetic patients who underwent renal biopsy between 1960 and 1982. These diseases included lupus glomerulonephritis, acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis, membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (type I), focal glomerulosclerosis, idiopathic membranous nephropathy, and nonspecific immune complex glomerulonephritides. Because some of these disorders can alter the management and prognosis of renal disease in diabetic patients, the appearance of urinary abnormalities or deterioration in renal function inconsistent with the natural history of diabetic nephropathy raises the possibility of a nondiabetic renal disease and should lead to a more detailed evaluation. PMID- 6226199 TI - Regression of left ventricular hypertrophy by medical treatment: present status and possible implications. AB - Actual regression of left ventricular hypertrophy was shown to occur following some types of antihypertensive therapy both in experimental models and in human subjects with arterial hypertension. This regression was linked to blood pressure control but was not entirely dependent on it; there is growing evidence that adrenergic factors play an important role in modulating the response of the heart to measures lowering arterial pressure. However, generalization would be premature because of the differences reported between various experimental types of hypertension and of the interindividual variations noticed among hypertensive patients receiving similar models of therapy. The reduction in ventricular mass has not been associated with a diminution in overall cardiac performance; in studies of isolated papillary muscle the return of contractility to normal with reversal of hypertrophy has been reported. More investigations are still needed, however, to determine the regressed heart's performance under stress. In that regard, regression of hypertrophy has been associated with normalization of inotropic responsiveness of the heart to adrenergic stimuli. Of particular importance in hypertensive diseases, but as yet incompletely defined, is the extent to which regression of vascular hypertrophy parallels regression of cardiac hypertrophy. PMID- 6226201 TI - A modified technique of human in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer. AB - Forty-seven ovulatory women were treated with a modified technique of human in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer. All patients received clomiphene citrate, 150 mg per day, and follicle development was monitored by real-time ovarian ultrasound and serum estradiol measurement. In the 45 patients who underwent laparoscopy, eight patients were found to have a poor response to clomiphene citrate and were dropped from the treatment cycle. Four additional patients had an endogenous luteinizing hormone increase and did not undergo laparoscopy. Nine patients were found to have inaccessible ovaries at the time of laparoscopy. In patients with accessible ovaries, oocytes were recovered in all cases. Embryo transfers were performed in 72% of patients, and 19% of these transfers resulted in pregnancy. This technique of ovulation monitoring appears to increase oocyte recovery and fertilization rate and subsequent implantation success. PMID- 6226202 TI - A new uterine manipulator for use at laparoscopy. PMID- 6226203 TI - Muscle fiber type characteristics of M. deltoideus in wheelchair athletes. Comparison with other trained athletes. AB - Muscle biopsies were obtained from the midportion of m. deltoideus of seven male wheelchair basketball athletes. High caliber kayak paddlers (n = 8) and wrestlers (n = 8) as well as mountain ranger soldiers (n = 8) served as controls. Histochemical methods were applied to identify fast twitch (FT) and slow twitch (ST) fibers and furthermore assess muscle fiber type distribution and muscle fiber cross-sectional area. The relative percentage of FT fibers averaged (+/-SD) 47 +/- 12% and 52 +/- 9% in wheelchair athletes and soldiers. The value obtained in kayakers was significantly lower (30 +/- 11). Both FT area (p less than 0.01) and mean fiber area (p less than 0.05) were significantly larger in wheelchair athletes as compared with soldiers and kayakers. It is suggested that the involvement in specific physical training was the main cause for hypertrophy of individual muscle fibers observed in m. deltoideus of wheelchair athletes. PMID- 6226204 TI - Social selection and evolution of human diseases. AB - Disease incidences in human populations depend on etiology of the disease, the fitness of individuals, and demographic changes of the population. The fitness of an individual is determined not only by the disease but also by other factors such as cultural and social reaction to the disorder and demographic changes of the population. Social selection studies the effect of the social behavior on the incidence of a trait. In studies of Huntington's disease, it has been shown that the fitness of the normal sibling of an affected individual is reduced as much as that of the affected individual himself or herself. A similar social effect has been observed for mental retardation. Thus, even if an individual has a normal genotype, mate finding and fertility may be changed considerably by the presence of affected family members. At the present time, the way in which genetic variabilities are maintained is poorly understood even for clearcut genetic diseases. Studies of social selection indicate that such information should be acquired by considering both the nature of the disease and its social effect. PMID- 6226205 TI - Nicotinamide uptake and metabolism by chick intestine. AB - Intestinal uptake and metabolism of nicotinamide (NAm) were studied in isolated epithelial cells and in isolated segments in situ at a physiological concentration of [14C]NAm (11.7 microM). [14C]NAm was rapidly taken up from the bathing medium and largely metabolized to [14C]NAD by the isolated cells. Total accumulation of 14C label was energy dependent and saturable at higher concentrations of NAm (148 and 351 microM). In contrast, the tissue content of NAm was unaffected by metabolic inhibitors, and the bathing media NAm rapidly equilibrated with intracellular space at all levels of NAm. NAm was converted directly to NAD via the intermediate nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN); nicotinic acid was not an intermediate in this conversion and was a less efficient precursor of NAD. NAm absorption in vivo was substantial, 30.6% of dose after 10 min. Also, data on NAm entry into the mucosa and subsequent metabolism in vivo supported the in vitro observations. Exogenous NMN reduced NAm entry into the mucosal cells both in vivo and in vitro; the effect was specific to NAm. This is the only suggestion to date that NAm entry might proceed by some form of specialized transport process. PMID- 6226206 TI - Expression of Fc gamma binding sites on human extraplacental membranes. AB - Binding sites for the Fc portion of immunoglobulin G (IgG) molecules (Fc gamma BS) were identified on amnionic epithelial cells and chorionic trophoblast cells in human extraplacental membranes using direct immunofluorescence with labeled human IgG. The binding sites are similar to FC gamma BS on placental trophoblast in their specificity and high degree of relative binding affinity for IgG monomers. Neither immunoglobulin A (IgA) nor IgM bound to a significant degree to the membranes. Binding was completely inhibited with unlabeled IgG but not F(ab')2 fragments of IgG. Studies on isolated amnion cells demonstrated that the binding sites are expressed on the cell membrane. At the level of sensitivity of the immunohistologic methods used, aggregated IgG or antigen-antibody complexes failed to bind amnionic epithelial cells or chorionic trophoblasts. This is in contrast to Fc gamma BS on macrophages which, being present in the same tissue, failed to exhibit significant binding of deaggregated IgG but bound complexes avidly. PMID- 6226207 TI - Blocking effects of maternal serum-IgG and placental eluate-IgG on materno-fetal mixed lymphocyte reaction and their individual specificity. AB - The purpose of this study is to clarify the problem regarding individual specificity of maternal serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) and placental eluate IgG that block the unidirectional mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) in which maternal and cord blood lymphocytes (lys) were used as responder and stimulator, respectively. Both maternal serum IgG and placental eluate IgG were found to include blocking antibodies (BA) which showed similar blocking effect on MLR. But, in the case of serum IgG, individual specificity of BA on MLR was observed to be less great in MLR done using whole lys or T-enriched lys of the cord blood as stimulator, whereas it became greatly significant when MLR was done using B enriched lys of the cord blood as stimulator. This was the case even in MLR done by using unrelated maternal lys as responder. On the other hand, when in the case of placental eluate, it was found to be greater when compared to serum IgG even where MLR was done using not only B lys but also T lys as stimulator. It is thus strongly suggested that BA include individual specific antibodies against fetal B lys having HLA-D/DR locus determinants in addition to individually nonspecific antibodies common to pregnancy which may be produced to a "yet unknown fetal antigen." PMID- 6226208 TI - Strong suppression by mononuclear leukocytes from cord blood of human newborns on maternal leukocytes associated with differences in sensitivity to prostaglandin E2. AB - We have tested peripheral mononuclear leukocytes (PML) from the cord blood of newborns, from sera of their mothers, and from sera of nonrelated nonpregnant adult women for sensitivity to suppressive exogenous prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). Endogenous PG production was simultaneously inhibited by indomethacin 2.8 microM. The phytohemagglutinin-stimulated (PHA-simulated) uptake of tritiated thymidine (3H-TdR) by PML from the mothers and the nonpregnant women was suppressed by the exogenous PGE2 at a concentration of 1.4 x 10(-8) M, 100 times less than the one required to suppress the PML from newborns (1.4 x 10(-6) M). In addition, 1.4 x 10(-7) M or less of PGE2 reversed the suppression of neonatal PML to stimulation. The maternal PML were reversed into stimulation at 1.4 x 10(-9) of exogenous PGE2. The amount of endogenous PGE2 synthesized by 1 x 10(6) fresh, nonstimulated neonatal PML according to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry assay was 5 ng (1.4 x 10(-8) M). The synthesis increased to 27 ng/10(6) cells after 18 hours' incubation. These concentrations are similar to the ones of exogenous PGE2 at which neonatal PML were slightly stimulated but the maternal cells were still suppressed. Preincubation for 18 h at 37 degrees C decreased the PGE2 induced suppression of the adult PML but did not change the response of the neonatal PML. PMID- 6226209 TI - Consultation case. PMID- 6226210 TI - The safety of atropine premedication in children with Down's syndrome. AB - Forty-five operative procedures were performed in 32 patients with Down's syndrome at the Royal Alexandra Hospital for Children, Sydney in a single year recently. Atropine premedication was administered to 25 patients with Down's syndrome on 38 occasions. Three dosage regimes of atropine were used: 20 micrograms/kg, 12 micrograms/kg, both intramuscularly, and 10 micrograms/kg intravenously. There was no statistically significant difference in the alteration of heart rate for the three dosage groups of atropine used when children with Down's syndrome were compared with weight-matched control children having similar operative procedures performed. PMID- 6226211 TI - Oxygen flush as a cause of hypoxia. PMID- 6226212 TI - Purification of human platelet membrane glycoproteins IIb and IIIa using high performance liquid chromatography gel filtration. AB - A method for purifying platelet membrane glycoproteins IIb and IIIa to homogeneity has been developed. The procedure involves high-pressure gel filtration chromatography using a TSK-4000SW column in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate. This technique is capable of rapidly preparing milligram quantities of each glycoprotein with greater than 90% recovery. The use of this technique should aid in defining the structural and functional properties of GPIIb and GPIIIa. PMID- 6226213 TI - Ionic interactions between proteins in nonequilibrium pH gradient electrophoresis: histones affect the migration of high mobility group nonhistone chromatin proteins. AB - In two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of the high mobility group (HMG) proteins, it has proved necessary to use nonequilibrium pH gradient electrophoresis (NEPHGE) in the first dimension rather than isoelectric focusing, because of the basic character of most of the HMG proteins [D. Tyrell, P. J. Isackson, and G. R. Reeck (1982) Anal. Biochem. 119, 433-439]. In this paper it is reported that in samples that contain histones, the mobilities of HMG proteins (particularly HMG 1, HMG-2, and HMG-E) are severely distorted in NEPHGE. This presumably results from formation of complexes between histones and HMG proteins through ionic interactions. Analysis of HMG proteins by NEPHGE/sodium dodecyl sulfate-gel electrophoresis is thus precluded in samples containing histones. Our results raise the possibility of similar artifacts occurring in NEPHGE (or isoelectric focusing) analysis of other proteins with regions of high charge density. PMID- 6226214 TI - Selective isolation of free and blocked amino-terminal peptides from enzymatic digestion of proteins. AB - A general method for the selective isolation of free and blocked amino-terminal peptides from proteins is described. The rationale behind the methodology is based on the reasoning that if a protein, which has all its free amino groups blocked by citraconylation, is digested with a protease, all peptides, except those derived from the amino terminus, will have a free amino group. Reaction of such a digest with 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (Dnp-F) followed by removal of citraconyl groups by acid treatment and removal of dinitrophenyl (Dnp) groups from histidine and tyrosine side chains by thiolysis will result in dinitrophenylation of all alpha-amino groups of peptides generated from internal cleavages, leaving only peptides derived from the amino terminus without a Dnp group. The strong adsorption of Dnp groups to polystyrene is used to selectively elute the underivatized amino-terminal peptides from such a column. It is also demonstrated how selective isolation of amino-terminal peptides can be used to determine whether a protein has a free or blocked amino terminus. PMID- 6226215 TI - The decrease of the minimum alveolar anesthetic concentration produced by sufentanil in rats. AB - The anesthetic potency of sufentanil was established by determining its effect on the minimal alveolar anesthetic concentration (MAC) of halothane. Each of eight selected doses of sufentanil was administered to a group of four to five mechanically ventilated rats anesthetized with halothane. Sufentanil was administered as a constant infusion preceded by an intravenous bolus dose that was three times that of the infusion rate per minute. The tail-clamp technique was used to establish control MAC and the MAC of halothane with sufentanil. Increasing sufentanil dosages were nonlinearly related to reductions in the MAC of halothane. A sigmoidal dose-response curve was described. An abrupt, steep response follows the initial upward deflection of the curve with an additional 62% MAC reduction occurring between doses of 1 X 10(-5) mg X kg-1 X min-1 and 1 X 10(-4) mg X kg-1 X min-1. Essentially complete anesthesia was seen at the latter dosage. No significant adverse side effects were seen with sufentanil at doses up to 1 X 10(-2) mg X kg-1 X min-1. PMID- 6226217 TI - [Comparative evaluation of overstrain of the lumbosacral spine in recruits and soldiers]. PMID- 6226216 TI - Deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism in head injured patients. PMID- 6226218 TI - Increased IgD milk antibody responses in a patient with Down's syndrome, pulmonary hemosiderosis and cor pulmonale. AB - IgD antibody responses to cow's milk were investigated in a two-year-old black boy with evidence of pulmonary hemosiderosis and pulmonary hypertension. Initially a broad spectrum of immunologic responses to cow's milk were observed including IgD, IgE, and precipitin antibodies. Specific IgD antibody responses to cow's milk could be modulated in terms of challenge or elimination and correlated with the clinical course. It is possible that IgD antibodies may be important in milk-related pulmonary hemosiderosis. PMID- 6226219 TI - [Drains in abdominal digestive surgery]. PMID- 6226220 TI - A computerized mass spectrometer and flowmeter system for respiratory gas measurements. AB - Instrumentation systems for breath-to-breath analysis of respiratory gas exchange have been faulted by phase lags between various flow and composition signals and by difficulties in gathering and processing large amounts of data. The system described here represents an attempt to overcome these problems. Phase delays have been minimized by using a direct, piezoelectrically operated mass spectrometer inlet rather than an inlet capillary, by locating the mass spectrometer inlet and flow sensors in the same plane, and by incorporating design features which enhance the mass spectrometer response. Convenience in system operation and data analysis has been enhanced by integrating a computer into the system design so that the computer performs on-line data analysis and control functions and provides the primary interface between the experimenter and the instruments. Miniaturization of the instruments permits close coupling to an exercising subject. PMID- 6226221 TI - Bacteriophage typing of Staphylococcus hyicus subsp hyicus isolated from pigs. AB - Four phages were isolated and used for typing Staphylococcus hyicus subsp hyicus isolated from pigs with or without exudative epidermatitis (EE) in Japan. Sixty four (85.3%) of the 75 isolates examined were typeable at either routine test dilution (RTD) or 100 X RTD. Two or more kinds of phage patterns were present in the isolates from each pig with EE. All isolates from healthy pigs showed a single-phage pattern. Fourteen (32.6%) of 43 isolates and 7 (87.5%) of 8 isolates from pigs with EE in Belgium and Czechoslovakia, respectively, were typeable with the 4 phages. None of 180 isolates of S aureus, 7 (6.4%) of 110 isolates of S intermedius, and 2 (2.3%) of 86 isolates of S epidermidis were typeable. PMID- 6226222 TI - Protection against Pasteurella pneumotropica during infection with Angiostrongylus cantonensis. AB - Lung infections of specific-pathogen-free rats were studied to determine cross immunity between infections with Pasteurella pneumotropica and Angiostrongylus cantonensis. Rats were found to have differences in mortality due to pneumonic infections with P pneumotropica and A cantonensis and to coinfections of P pneumotropica and A cantonensis. Single infections of P pneumotropica were not dosage-dependent in their lethality for specific-pathogen-free rats. The mortality of coinfection with P pneumotropica and A cantonensis was significantly lower than that of a monoinfection with P pneumotropica, demonstrating a cross protective phenomenon. PMID- 6226223 TI - Anthelmintic efficacy of fenbendazole against the bovine hookworm Bunostomum phlebotomum. PMID- 6226224 TI - Air-flow limitation in myasthenia gravis. The effect of acetylcholinesterase inhibitor therapy on air-flow limitation. AB - In a survey of 21 patients with myasthenia gravis receiving regular acetylcholinesterase inhibitor therapy, 8 were found to have air-flow limitation associated with their antimyasthenic therapy. In 6 of these subjects, detailed assessments were made of the effect of antimyasthenic therapy on airways function. Pyridostigmine was given together with either placebo or the anticholinergic bronchodilator ipratropium bromide (72 micrograms) by inhalation administered double blind on 2 consecutive days. Airways resistance (Raw) increased significantly after pyridostigmine and placebo inhaler (0.49 +/- 0.13 kPa/L/s basal versus 0.60 +/- 0.13 kPa/L/s at 2 h; mean +/- SEM, p less than 0.05), whereas a significant decrease in Raw followed the combination of pyridostigmine with ipratropium bromide (0.57 +/- 0.08 kPa/L/s basal versus 0.41 +/- 0.07 kPa/L/s at 2 h, p less than 0.05). Thus, acetylcholinesterase inhibitor therapy in subjects with myasthenia gravis with airflow limitation led to significant increase in airways resistance that could be completely reversed by the inhalation of the muscarinic receptor blocker ipratropium bromide. PMID- 6226225 TI - Role of interleukin-2 release by lung T-cells in active pulmonary sarcoidosis. AB - Using a human T-cell line sensitive to interleukin-2 (IL-2), we evaluated supernatants of unstimulated, purified lung T-lymphocytes from patients with sarcoidosis and high-intensity alveolitis (active disease), patients with sarcoidosis and low-intensity alveolitis (inactive disease), patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, and normal volunteers for the presence of IL-2. After 24 h in culture, supernatants of lung T-cells from patients with sarcoidosis and high-intensity alveolitis contained significantly greater amounts of IL-2 than did supernatants of lung T-cells from the other 3 groups, which we used as controls (p less than 0.001 for each comparison). The IL-2 present in supernatants of lung T-cells had a molecular weight of approximately 15,000 daltons and the supernatants that contained IL-2 significantly (p less than 0.01) increased in vitro immunoglobulin production by T-cell-depleted normal mononuclear cell suspensions stimulated with pokeweed mitogen. These studies suggest that the release of IL-2 by lung T-cells may explain in part the local proliferation of T-cells and hypergammaglobulinemia that are characteristic of pulmonary sarcoidosis. PMID- 6226226 TI - Impairment of hypoxic pulmonary artery remodeling by heparin in mice. AB - Chronic hypoxia produces pulmonary artery hypertension and remodeling of pulmonary arteries with hypertrophy of smooth muscle in the media and extension of smooth muscle into more distal small precapillary arteries. The present study investigated the influence of heparin, an inhibitor of platelet-derived growth factor, and of the clotting cascade on this remodeling. Mice maintained in room air or 10% O2 for 26 days were treated with low-dose heparin at 75 units/kg or high dose heparin at 300 units/kg. Pulmonary hypertension and right ventricular hypertrophy developed in the hypoxic mice compared with the room air mice as evidenced by the greater (p less than 0.05) right ventricular systolic pressure (36 +/- 4 SEM versus 21 +/- 1 mmHg) and the increase (p less than 0.05) in right heart weight/left ventricular plus septal weight (35 +/- 1.6 SEM versus 25.2 +/- 1.3). Hypoxia also induced smooth muscle hypertrophy in small pulmonary arteries, with an increase (p less than 0.05) in the percent media thickness/vascular diameter from 5.7 +/- 1 SEM to 13.3 +/- 3 and an apparent decrease (p less than 0.05) in distal small pulmonary arteries from 4.4 +/- 0.2 SEM to 2.05 +/- 0.1 per 100 alveoli. High-dose heparin partially but significantly (p less than 0.05) prevented the pulmonary artery hypertension (right ventricular systolic pressure of 28 +/- 2 mmHg), the right ventricular hypertrophy (right ventricular weight/left ventricular plus septal weight of 30.1 +/- 1) and remodeling of distal small pulmonary arteries (media thickness/vascular diameter of 8.4 +/- 1%, small pulmonary artery/100 alveoli of 3.63 +/- 0.1).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6226228 TI - [Acne fulminans]. PMID- 6226227 TI - NIH conference: Primary biliary cirrhosis: a model autoimmune disease. AB - Primary biliary cirrhosis is characterized by chronic inflammation and necrosis of the intrahepatic bile ducts and by chronic cholestasis. The presence of autoantibodies in serum, the association of this disease with other autoimmune diseases, the histologic appearance of typical hepatic lesions, the presence of bile duct lesions that resemble those seen in chronic graft-versus-host disease, and the possible recurrence of a chronic cholestatic syndrome in patients having hepatic transplants indicate that immune mechanisms play a role in the syndrome's pathogenesis. Patients have diminished function of suppressor T cells that may be due to abnormal activation of suppressor T cells caused by interactions with autologous non-T cells. This nonspecific immunologic defect and other immune defects may cause the autoimmune manifestations of primary biliary cirrhosis. Treatments to arrest the disease's progress have included corticosteroids, azathioprine, cyclosporin, and D-penicillamine. These treatments, which affect immune functions, have not had a beneficial effect on the disease process. Better understanding of the pathogenesis of primary biliary cirrhosis is needed to develop specific immunotherapies. PMID- 6226229 TI - [Cutaneous signs of vitamin deficiencies]. PMID- 6226230 TI - [Skin lesions related to a new anti-inflammatory agent: fenbufen. Apropos of 3 clinical cases]. AB - Three cases of generalized skin reactions occurred in patients undergoing oral therapy with Fenbufen (Cinopal), a new anti-inflammatory agent. The lesions spontaneously improved when the drug was discontinued. The role of Fenbufen in the pathogenesis of the lesions remains unclear. In the three cases, the detection of circulating immune complexes would suggest a sensibilization mechanism. PMID- 6226231 TI - [Captopril-induced eruptions: occurrence over a 3-year period]. AB - With an informatized sample of 123 patients taking Captopril and treated for a total duration of 1,321 month/patients, the frequency of the dermatological symptoms induced by the drug is related. Pruritus is found in 10,5 p. 100 and rashes in 2,4 p. 100 of cases. The results are compared with those of preceeding reports, although some authors have found a higher percentage because of highin doses of the drug. The clinical features of the rashes and the proposed mechanisms are also reported. PMID- 6226232 TI - Tensor fascia lata musculocutaneous flap for abdominal wall reconstruction. AB - We report a case of abdominal wall reconstruction following excision of irradiated skin and a ventral hernia. A very large tensor fascia lata musculocutaneous flap was used with good results. The anatomical features of this flap make it an excellent method of abdominal wall reconstruction. PMID- 6226233 TI - Primary testicular abnormalities causing precocious puberty Leydig cell tumor, Leydig cell hyperplasia, and adrenal rest tumor. AB - The child with testicular enlargement in the absence of gonadotrophin stimulation presents a difficult diagnostic dilemma. Leydig cell tumors, Leydig cell hyperplasia, and tumors of adrenal rest tissue are the primary etiologic considerations. Because of considerable overlap in clinical presentation, careful biochemical and histologic evaluations are necessary to make the diagnosis. These should include serum levels of testosterone, dehydroepiandosterone, androstenedione, 17-hydroxyprogesterone, and 11-desoxycortisol, as well as urinary levels of 17-ketosteroids. If diagnostic changes in the biochemical profile are not present, then testicular biopsy is indicated. Encapsulation, presence or absence of the crystalloids of Reinke, degree of seminiferous tubule maturation, and the site of any abnormal tissue are important observations in the examination of the tissue specimen. Once the diagnosis has been established, then appropriate and specific medical or surgical therapy can be instituted. With appropriate treatment, the long-term prognosis in each condition is good. PMID- 6226234 TI - Partial characterization of immunosuppressive factors from short-term cultures of murine decidual tissue. AB - Previous in vitro experiments provided evidence for the immunosuppressive properties of supernatants from short-term cultures of decidual tissue obtained from the uterus of the pregnant mouse. The inhibitory activity of supernatants, previously detected in a mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR), has now been demonstrated in an in vitro thymocyte proliferation assay. Fractionation of these supernatants on Sephadex G-15 and Sephacryl S-300 revealed that inhibition of the thymocyte proliferation assay was associated only with a low molecular weight fraction (less than 1,500), whilst MLR inhibitory activity was associated with three different molecular weight fractions (less than 1,500, 60,000 and 1,000,000). These results are discussed in relation to the different biological factors previously isolated in decidua or deciduoma of rats and humans. PMID- 6226235 TI - Incorporation of killer functions from murine T-cytotoxic spleen cultures in somatic hybrids. AB - Fusions between the BW5147 thymoma and spleen cells with specific T-cytotoxic activity led to the recovery of a remarkably high percentage of non-specific, strictly lectin-dependent killer hybrids (70 to 95% of all hybrids tested, depending upon the particular fusion experiment). After one or several recloning steps, these hybrids behaved as very stable killers, growing in regular, interleukin-2-free growth medium, with some of them maintaining their lytic characteristics for over one year. Among these lectin-dependent killers, only two exhibited target specificity, but both lost this property within the first month after fusion. These results are discussed in light of other rare reports concerning incorporation of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-specific functions in somatic hybrids. PMID- 6226236 TI - Anapsos, an antipsoriatic drug which increases the proportion of suppressor cells in human peripheral blood. AB - Anapsos, an antipsoriatic drug, was administered to normal volunteers in order to study its possible activity on the immune system. After three days of treatment, the drug decreased the lymphoblastic response to PWM and very slightly reduced the serum levels of immunoglobulins. After five days of treatment, however, both values were normal. The response to ConA decreased, and there was an increase in the suppressor index and in the proportion of OKT 8+. The drug did not vary the proportion of OKT 4+ and OKT 3+ cells. These results suggest that anapsos acts by increasing the number of suppressor cells. Such anapsos-induced suppressor cells are probably responsible for the diminished response to ConA, but did not seem to significantly affect response to PWM and serum levels of Ig after five days of treatment. PMID- 6226237 TI - Does clonal selection occur among T cells? AB - Several lines of evidence indicate that T cells proliferate in response to antigenic stimulation to only a very limited extent, and certainly markedly less than do B cells. We here summarize new evidence showing (1) that even under conditions of in vivo immunization, T cells rapidly reach a plateau of activity which does not rise even upon repeated stimulation, and (2) that the plateau is reached so rapidly that the initial frequency of responding cells must be high. Our evidence for these conclusions comes from studies on adoptive immunization in which the activity of T cells activated in vivo and cell lines selected in vitro are compared. PMID- 6226239 TI - Mechanisms of T-cell unresponsiveness in leprosy. AB - We analysed the mechanisms of T-cell unresponsiveness to Mycobacterium leprae antigens and to unrelated antigens or T-cell mitogens in human leprosy and in an experimental model of murine infection by M. lepraemurium (MLM). In human leprosy, monoclonal antibodies OKT3, OKT4 and OKT8 were used to enumerate T-cell subpopulations within peripheral blood. Increased percentages of OKT8+ cytotoxic/suppressor cells were observed in untreated, non-reactional lepromatous patients. Conversely, lepromatous patients suffering from erythema nodosum leprosum, an Arthus-like phenomenon, exhibited a transient drop in the percentage of OKT8+ cells with a correlative increase in the proliferative response to T cell mitogens. We studied the proliferative response to M. leprae of OKT4+ and OKT8+ cells isolated by a negative selection procedure using antibody-induced cytotoxicity plus complement. None of these subpopulations proliferated when incubated with M. leprae. In some patients, control treatment of mononuclear cells with complement alone induced the reappearance of a strong proliferative response to M. leprae, suggesting the existence of an active suppressor mechanism through soluble factors of an unknown nature. In MLM-induced murine leprosy, a progressive decrease was observed in the proliferative response to concanavalin A (ConA), and an early decrease in interleukin 2 activity in supernatants from ConA stimulated spleen cells. Splenic T cells from MLM-infected mice transferred into naive recipients accelerated the local MLM growth in these recipients, suggesting that suppressor T cells may play a pathogenic role in the progression of MLM infection. PMID- 6226238 TI - Control of isotype expression by helper T-cell clones and suppressor cells. AB - We report here experiments demonstrating the profound influence of T lymphocytes on isotype expression by B lymphocytes. It was shown that in a secondary in vitro response, T helper cells from primed spleen predominantly induced an IgG1 plaque forming cell (PFC) response, while T helper cells from primed lymph node induced IgG1, IgG2a and IgG2b PFC responses. Under the same experimental conditions, T helper cell clones were able to induce IgG1, IgG2a and IgG2b responses; therefore, T helper cells are not involved in controlling preferential isotype expression. Stimulated spleen cells were shown to contain T suppressor cells which were able to limit the expression of IgG2a and IgG2b responses. Under certain circumstances, IgG1-specific suppressor cells were also demonstrated. A T cell hybridoma, T2D4, spontaneously produced the IgG-binding factor, thereby suppressing the expression of the three subclasses studied. Exposure of these cells to IgG1 myeloma protein led to selective enhancement for the production of molecules binding to IgG1, and suppression of the IgG1 PFC response. Similar observations were made with IgG2a and IgG2b myeloma proteins, and the specificity of these isotype suppressive factors was demonstrated. The general significance of these observations is discussed. PMID- 6226240 TI - From the mechanisms of lymphocyte activation to internal activity in the immune system. AB - The principles of lymphocyte activation were summarized for all three sets of immunocompetent cells: B cells, cytotoxic cells and helper T lymphocytes. They were then used to derive the basic mechanisms and specificities which drive internal activity in the normal immune system and which select available antibody repertoires. It was postulated that "natural antibodies" are induced by "natural helper cells" and are selected on the basis of their idiotypic profiles, which are complementary to available T-helper-cell repertoires. "Natural idiotypes" would then carry idiotopes similar to MHC epitopes, the predominant germ-line specificity of T-cell repertoires. PMID- 6226241 TI - Pharmacokinetics of AT-2266 administered orally to mice, rats, dogs, and monkeys. AB - The pharmacokinetics of AT-2266 (1-ethyl-6-fluoro-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-7-(1 piperazinyl)-1,8-naphthyridine- 3-carboxylic acid) were studied in various experimental animals and compared in a number of aspects with those of norfloxacin. Both agents were administered orally. The mean peak plasma levels of AT-2266 in mice, rats, and dogs (given a single dose of 50 mg/kg for mice and rats and 25 mg/kg for dogs) were 2.39, 1.63, and 5.00 mug/ml, respectively, with elimination half-lives of 2.24, 2.81, and 5.76 h. The respective mean plasma levels of norfloxacin at similar dosages were 0.510, 0.410, and 0.700 mug/ml; elimination half-lives were 1.40, 2.35, and 6.06 h. In dogs repeatedly dosed with 25 mg of AT-2266 per kg every 12 h, the mean peak plasma levels after the third and fifth doses were about 1.4 times those after the first dose. The binding rates of AT-2266 and norfloxacin to plasma of mice, rats, and dogs and to human serum ranged from 27.6 to 40.2% and 39.8 to 44.2%, respectively. In rats receiving a single dose of 50 mg/kg, the respective mean peak levels of AT-2266 in plasma, lung, muscle, and kidney were 2.47, 4.60, 5.35, and 33.9 mug/ml or g, whereas those of norfloxacin were 0.234, 0.390, 0.272, and 2.05 mug/ml or g. AT 2266 was widely distributed in tissues of dogs and monkeys after repeated dosage. The respective 24-h recoveries of AT-2266 from urine of mice, rats, and dogs after single doses of 50, 50, and 25 mg/kg were 56.6, 40.5, and 64.1%, and recoveries of norfloxacin at these doses were 4.40, 2.91, and 5.34%. The respective 24-h recoveries of AT-2266 from bile and feces of rats given a single dose of 50 mg/kg were 2.47 and 52.7%. Bioautography of plasma and urine indicated that AT-2266 was metabolized to but a slight degree. The results indicate that AT 2266 is better than norfloxacin in oral absorption and similar to the latter in stability to metabolic inactivation. PMID- 6226242 TI - In vitro and in vivo antibacterial activity of AT-2266. AB - AT-2266 [1-ethyl-6-fluoro-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-7-(1-piperazinyl)-1,8-naphthyridine-3 carbo xylic acid] showed a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity against gram positive and gram-negative microorganisms, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The in vitro antibacterial activity of AT-2266 was in general comparable to that of norfloxacin, but much higher than that of pipemidic or nalidixic acid. The 90% minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC90s) of AT-2266 for P. aeruginosa resistant to gentamicin (MIC range, 25 to greater than 200 microgram/ml) and Enterobacteriaceae resistant to nalidixic acid (25 to greater than 1,600 micrograms/ml) were 3.13 and 12.5 micrograms/ml, respectively. The to nalidixic acid (25 to 1,600 micrograms/ml) were 3.13 and 12.5 micrograms/ml, respectively. The MICs of AT-2266 were only slightly affected by the addition of horse serum or sodium cholate, by the pH of the medium, and by inoculum size. AT-2266 was sodium cholate, by the pH of the medium, and by inoculum size. AT-2266 was bactericidal at concentrations near its MIC value. The 50% effective doses of AT-2266 after oral administration against systemic infections in mice were about 1/2 those of norfloxacin, about 1/10 those of pipemidic acid, and between 1/20 and 1/40 those of nalidixic acid. PMID- 6226243 TI - Metabolism of fensulfothion by a soil bacterium, Pseudomonas alcaligenes C1. AB - Fensulfothion (O,O-diethyl O-[4-(methylsulfinyl)phenyl]phosphorothioate), an organophosphorus pesticide used to control the golden nematode Heterodera rostochiensis, is used as a source of carbon by microorganisms isolated from soils treated with the pesticide. Two of the microbial isolates, Pseudomonas alcaligenes C1 and Alcaligenes sp. strain NC3, used more than 80% of the pesticide in 120 h in culture when supplemented as a source of carbon. P. alcaligenes C1, which showed maximal growth on fensulfothion, degraded the compound to p-methylsulfinyl phenol and diethyl phosphorothioic acid. The phenolic metabolite could be identified by conventional spectral analysis, whereas the spectral patterns of the phosphorus-containing metabolite suggested that the compound was complexed with some cellular molecules. However, utilization of the phosphoric acid ester and ethanol by P. alcaligenes C1 suggested that the microbe attacks fensulfothion by an initial hydrolysis of the compound and subsequent utilization of the phosphoric acid ester. The pathway of degradation of fensulfothion by P. alcaligenes is of great value in the detoxification of the pesticide residues and also in the environmentally stable phosphoric acid esters. PMID- 6226244 TI - Purification and properties of protease F, a bacterial enzyme with chymotrypsin and elastase specificities. AB - It has been previously demonstrated that commercial bacterial fibrinolysin (EC 3.4.21.7) selectively cleaves the bond between Met-53 and Ala-54 in ovine prolactin (199 amino acids). A one-step purification procedure on DEAE-cellulose for Protease F, which is the active component of bacterial fibrinolysin, and properties of the purified enzyme are reported. The enzyme is homogeneous as judged by acrylamide gel electrophoresis. Its molecular weight, calculated from gel filtration experiments on Sephadex G-100, is around 13,800. Amino acid analyses do not reveal the presence of any half-cystines. The presence of one tryptophan residue per enzyme molecule was resolved from the fluorescence spectrum. Amino terminal analysis showed that leucine was at the amino terminal position. Protease F hydrolyzes casein and synthetic specific substrates for chymotrypsin and elastase esterases but not for trypsin esterases. It is fully inhibited by phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride, by chicken ovoinhibitor, and by Chymotrypsin Inhibitor I from potatoes but not by the trypsin-chymotrypsin inhibitors from soybeans and chick peas or by tosyl-L-phenylalanine chloromethyl ketone. The enzyme is stable at room temperature and in the cold, it is not affected by dialysis or by freezing and thawing, but it is inactivated during freeze-drying. The circular dichroism spectra of Protease F indicate an approximate 20% alpha-helix content of the enzyme with a considerable similarity to those of subtilisin, elastase, and beta-trypsin. The relatively low molecular weight of Protease F, the absence of intrachain disulfide bridges, and the fact that it is inhibited by several, but not all, chymotrypsin inhibitors suggest that it may differ phylogenetically from the known serine proteases. PMID- 6226245 TI - Functional defects of monocyte C3b receptor-mediated phagocytosis in rheumatoid arthritis (RA): evidence for an association with the appearance of a circulating population of non-specific esterase-negative mononuclear phagocytes. AB - We have previously described a selective defect of monocyte C3b receptor-mediated phagocytosis in patients with rheumatoid cutaneous vasculitis. We have studied a further 15 rheumatoid arthritis patients with other associated diseases and complications and have identified 4 further patients with a similar defect. Serological and cytochemical studies suggest that the defect in phagocytosis is due to the appearance of increased numbers of large nonspecific esterase-negative mononuclear phagocytes with defective C3b receptor phagocytic function rather than to receptor blockade by immune complexes. PMID- 6226246 TI - Variations in cell-mediated immunity to Trypanosoma cruzi during experimental Chagas' disease. PMID- 6226247 TI - Reop or not. PMID- 6226248 TI - Percutaneous saphenous vein angioplasty to avoid reoperative bypass surgery. AB - Thirty-seven patients with vein graft stenosis following coronary artery bypass underwent percutaneous transluminal vein graft angioplasty to avoid another operation. Location of the stenoses was at the aortic anastomosis in 3 patients, in the vein body in 12, and at the distal anastomosis in 22. All patients had disabling angina pectoris. Initial success (greater than 20% reduction of stenosis) was achieved in 35 patients. Vein graft angioplasty was performed within a year after bypass in 28 patients. The percent of stenosis and the pressure gradient across the obstruction were reduced from 84 to 24% and from 58 to 15 mm Hg, respectively. Complications of the procedure included emergency coronary artery bypass in 2 patients, myocardial infarction in 2, and ventricular fibrillation in 1. There were no deaths. Of 15 patients with stenosis at the aortic anastomosis or vein body, the dilation was initially successful in 14 but restenosis occurred in 7 within the first year after angioplasty. Only 2 of the remaining 7 were asymptomatic after vein graft angioplasty. However, for patients having vein graft angioplasty of the distal anastomosis, restenosis occurred in only 3, while 12 were asymptomatic at the end of the first year. The average hospital cost of a repeat coronary artery bypass operation was 2.8 times the cost of vein graft angioplasty. PMID- 6226249 TI - Comparison of high affinity Ca2+-ATPase and low affinity Ca2+-ATPase in rat liver plasma membranes. AB - Rat liver plasma membranes contained two types of calcium-dependent adenosine triphosphatase (Ca2+-ATPase, EC 3.6.1.3) activities. One of them had a high affinity for free calcium (Ca2+) with an apparent half maximal saturation constant (K0.5) of 0.2 microM (high affinity Ca2+-ATPase), and the other exhibited a low affinity with a K0.5 of 50 microM for Ca2+ (low affinity Ca2+ ATPase). The high affinity Ca2+-ATPase showed: independence from free magnesium (Mg2+), a wide range of optimum pH (7.2-7.5), inhibition by a large amount of calmodulin, and substrate preference for ATP, GTP and ITP. On the other hand, the low affinity Ca2+-ATPase showed: stimulation by Mg2+ as well as Ca2+, an optimum pH of 8, mild stimulation by calmodulin, reversible inhibition by calmodulin antagonists, inhibition by dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, and substrate preference for UTP and GTP. Both Ca2+-ATPases were insensitive to Na+, K+, ouabain, NaN3 and KCN. Orthovanadate, a potent inhibitor for many ATPases, had no effect on both ATPases over a wide range of concentrations (7 nM-1.7 mM). The Ca2+-ATPases could be separated by gel filtration on a Sepharose 4B column after solubilization with Triton X-100. The high affinity Ca2+-ATPase showed a Stokes radius of about 49 A and a sedimentation coefficient of about 7.0 S with a molecular weight of 1.4 X 10(5). The frictional ratio was 1.4. The results suggest that the high affinity Ca2+-ATPase may be a possible candidate for an ATPase with Ca2+ pumping activity, and that the high affinity enzyme is distinct from the low affinity Ca2+-ATPase in the rat liver plasma membranes. PMID- 6226250 TI - [Coronary artery angioplasty. The surgeon's point of view]. PMID- 6226251 TI - Medicolegal aspects of asbestos for pathologists. AB - The two principal legal remedies available to victims of asbestos-related disease are (1) claims for benefits under workers' compensation laws and (2) suits for damages under the laws of products liability. The medicolegal issues and the part of the consulting pathologist as medicolegal consultant and expert witness in each of these legal proceedings are essentially the same. PMID- 6226252 TI - Immunoblastic sarcoma in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus-like disorders. AB - Five patients, predominantly older men, had abnormal immune states for prolonged periods of time with manifestations of multisystem involvement, including features of systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, and Sjogren's syndrome. In the course of their disease, all had malignant lymphoma (immunoblastic sarcoma) develop. The development of lymphoma was associated with generalized lymphadenopathy in four cases. PMID- 6226253 TI - Motor assessment tools: their concurrent validity in evaluating children with multiple handicaps. AB - Three developmental motor assessment tools were administered concurrently to 17 children with severe multiple handicaps in an effort to examine the relationship of developmental age equivalent scores among the 3 tools. The Bayley Scales of Infant Development, a standardized and norm-referenced infant assessment tool, was used as criterion for concurrent validity in evaluating the other 2 tools, the Callier-Azusa Scale and the Fircrest Deaf-Blind Motor Assessment Tool. In spite of variations in quantity and type of behaviors assessed on each of these 3 instruments, highly significant positive correlations were shown between age equivalent scores on the Bayley and those on each of the other 2 tests. These findings support the application of objective, quantifiable measurement tools for determining developmental motor age levels of severely disabled children with multiple handicaps. PMID- 6226254 TI - In vitro effects of mercury on platelet aggregation, thromboxane and vascular prostacyclin production. AB - Mercuric chloride [25-50 micrograms/ml platelet-rich plasma (PRP)] lowers the threshold concentration of arachidonic acid (AA) required for triggering rabbit platelet aggregation and causes a marked increase of thromboxane production. The metal, added as HgCl2, does not modify (50 micrograms/ml PRP) or block (100 micrograms/ml PRP) the platelet aggregation wave induced by a normal aggregating dose of AA. Whether or not AA-induced platelet aggregation takes place, a large increase in thromboxane production is observed. Methyl mercury, assayed as reference drug, induces platelet aggregation and a significant increase of thromboxane levels. Finally, HgCl2 and methyl mercury, in a concentration range of 0.125-0.5 micrograms/microliters in the incubation liquid, induce an increased prostacyclin release from rat aortic tissue. PMID- 6226255 TI - Use and abuse of Accutane, Roche [13-cis retinoic acid isotretinoin] in acne vulgaris--a personal perspective. PMID- 6226256 TI - [Role of the monocytes and IgG in the development of atherosclerotic lesions in the aorta of rabbits]. AB - In experimental hypercholesterinemia in rabbits, immune autoradiographic studies showed that lesions in the endothelial monolayer of the aorta developed in parallel with IgG deposition in the cytoplasm of the affected endothelial cells and in different parts of atherosclerotic plaques. This process was accompanied by active replacement of blood monocytes into the internal sheath of the aorta in the zone of IgG deposition which appeared to be due to the presence in these cells of Fc-receptors for immunoglobulins. Incomplete catabolism of lipids in the cytoplasm of macrophages of monocytic genesis is one of the key events of atherosclerosis morphogenesis. PMID- 6226257 TI - [Quantitative morphological analysis of the development of myocardial hypertrophy in spontaneously hypertensive rats]. AB - Myocardium of normotensive Wistar rats and that of spontaneously hypertensive SHR rats aged 1, 4, and 11 months was studied using light and electron stereological techniques. The volume density of contractile apparatus and sarcoplasmic reticulum was shown to increase while that of the energy-producing compartment to decrease in heart hypertrophy. In the period of considerable hypertrophic growth of cardiomyocytes which coincided with the onset of hypertension the volume densities of capillaries and endothelial cells decreased. A secondary increase of the microcirculatory bed should be considered as a process of stabilization of the quantitative parenchymal-stromal ratios in myocardial hypertrophy. PMID- 6226258 TI - [Quantitative aspects of the patho-morphogenesis of cor pulmonale after lung resection]. AB - Hearts of 112 randombred dogs after resection of 33-75% of pulmonary tissue were studied macro- and microscopically, by stereometry, and morphological statistical analysis. Pulmonectomies (resection of 58% of pulmonary tissue) and extensive to the development of pulmonary heart. In these cases, the degree of hypertrophy correlates with the volume of the resected lung tissue, the duration of the post operation period and terminates mostly in heart decompensation of the right type which develops most frequently when there exists a disproportion and unbalanced hypertrophy of various parts of the myocardium. PMID- 6226259 TI - [Cholangiography via laparoscopy in the differential diagnosis of neonatal hepatitis and bile duct atresia]. AB - Twenty-three infants with neonatal cholestasis were examined laparoscopically. The differential diagnosis between biliary atresia and neonatal hepatitis was not established by-clinical and laboratory investigations. In 10 out of 23 cases the transcutaneous-transhepatic-cholangiography, performed with laparoscopy demonstrated the permeability of the biliary tree in children that are not suffering from the atresia. The hepatic biopsy by laparoscopic view allowed to complete the investigation in these cases, avoiding unnecessary laparotomy. In infants suffering from biliary atresia the surgery indication was early and exact. PMID- 6226260 TI - Inhibition by acarbose, nojirimycin and 1-deoxynojirimycin of glucosyltransferase produced by oral streptococci. AB - Acarbose is known to inhibit glucoamylase, maltase and sucrase. Our aim was to test whether it would also inhibit glucosyltransferase (GTF), to determine the type of inhibition and to compare the inhibitor potency of acarbose with that of nojirimycin and deoxynojirimycin, two other glucosidase inhibitors. Enzyme inhibition was measured either by chemical assay or by incorporation of radioactivity into product. Acarbose effectively inhibited the synthesis of polysaccharide by GTF from strains of Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sanguis, but not by fructosyltransferase from Streptococcus salivarius. Acarbose and 1-deoxynojirimycin were more potent inhibitors of GTF than maltose, nojirimycin or various amino sugars. The mechanism of action of these compounds is consistent with competitive inhibition. PMID- 6226261 TI - Lipid composition of rabbit aortic wall following removal of endothelium by balloon catheter. AB - To determine the lipid content of the neointima formed following balloon catheter deendothelialization, we measured the chemical composition of intimal medial samples of the aortic wall of rabbits at 6, 12, and 24 months after the operation. The areas of endothelial regrowth and the denuded areas were outlined by intravenous injection of Evan's blue dye. Lipids were extracted by chloroform/methanol (2:1, vol/vol) separated by thin-layer chromatography, eluted, and estimated by gas-liquid chromatography. No tendency to regression was observed. By contrast we observed a progressive increase over time in the concentration of most lipid classes in the areas of endothelial regrowth. There is evidence indicating that the increase in the lipid concentration parallels the increase in the glycosaminoglycan content in the areas of endothelial regrowth. It is possible that endothelial injury causes some irreversible changes in the composition of the neointima in areas of endothelial regeneration. PMID- 6226262 TI - Chlamydia trachomatis. PMID- 6226263 TI - Instructions for patients for cystoscopy. PMID- 6226264 TI - Mandatory continuing education: a workable approach. PMID- 6226265 TI - Counseling the patient for vasectomy. PMID- 6226266 TI - Prognosis of genito-urinary malignancies. PMID- 6226267 TI - Using adult education concepts in patient teaching. PMID- 6226268 TI - Medicine and urology in China. PMID- 6226269 TI - Impotence. PMID- 6226270 TI - Cinoxacin for urinary tract infections. PMID- 6226271 TI - The effects of cancer treatment on fertility: sperm banking as a part of care. PMID- 6226272 TI - The use of hydrogen peroxide in catheter drainage units. PMID- 6226273 TI - Understanding the sexual needs of the older patient. PMID- 6226274 TI - Continuous epidural analgesia: a revolution in post-T.U.R. care. PMID- 6226275 TI - The catheter--a historical perspective. PMID- 6226276 TI - Gynaecological laparoscopy. PMID- 6226278 TI - Fixed drug eruption. PMID- 6226277 TI - Clinical pathology of experimental stephanuriasis in pigs. AB - Haematology and serum aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase activities were studied during the migration phase of Stephanurus dentatus in the livers of experimentally infected pigs. There was no evidence of anaemia but total leucocyte counts were raised and peripheral eosinophilia began 2 to 3 weeks after infection. Peak eosinophilia occurred 6 to 7 weeks after infection and levels were still elevated at 20 weeks. Lymphocyte and neutrophil numbers remained constant. Reinfection did not stimulate a secondary eosinophil response. Only aspartate aminotransferase was temporarily elevated. The gross pathology resulting from the infections is described. Several clinicopathological differences in the response of pigs to invasion of the liver by S. dentatus were noted compared to those produced by Ascaris suum but none are pathognomonic. PMID- 6226280 TI - Biochemical regulators in cardiac hypertrophy. AB - In recent years research has shown that muscle is capable of reacting to mechanical stimuli by altering biochemical processes. Myocardium is probably the source of a biochemical factor, or factors which activate myocardial protein synthesis. In experimentally induced cardiac hypertrophy adaptive alterations have been shown to occur not only in the adrenal medulla but also in the adrenal cortex. Finally, detection of cross reactivity between digitalis glycosides and a number of steroid hormones has succeeded. We assume that such cross reactivity indicates the existence of an endogenic factor of steroid character, which is produced in the adrenal gland and functions as an endogenic cardiotonic agent. During experimental cardiac hypertrophy its synthesis is possibly increased. We propose the term "endocardin" or "endocardiotonin" for this agent. PMID- 6226281 TI - Inheritance, intracellular localization, and genetic variation of phosphoglucomutase isozymes in maize (Zea mays L.). AB - Phosphoglucomutase (PGM; EC 2.7.5.1) isozyme variants were studied in a large number of inbred lines, crosses, and races of maize (Zea mays L.). Patterns of Mendelian inheritance demonstrated for PGM isozyme variants indicated that they are encoded by nuclear genes. Two unlinked loci, Pgml and Pgm2, located on the long arm of chromosome 1 and the short arm of chromosome 5, respectively, specify the observed electrophoretic variation on starch gels. No intra- or interlocus hybrid bands were found, suggesting that each isozyme band consists of a single polypeptide. PGM isozymes were present in all plant parts studied and the activity specified by both loci appears to reside in the cytoplasm. In studies of 520 racial collections of maize from Latin America, a single allele at each locus predominated in most collections. Likewise, the same alleles predominated in a set of 406 inbred lines of maize from the United States and Canada. PMID- 6226279 TI - Cyproterone acetate and the treatment of hirsutism. AB - Forty-two women with hirsutism completed 12 months of treatment with cyproterone acetate and ethinyl oestradiol given in a reverse sequential regimen. A highly significant improvement was recorded in the whole group using the Ferriman and Gallwey scoring system. Ten patients recorded a poor response whereas 19 recorded a good or very good result. Patients from groups with polycystic ovarian disease and idiopathic hirsutism recorded equally beneficial responses. Fasting plasma triglycerides rose significantly after 12 months. Other lipids were largely unaffected although a small fall in high density lipoprotein-cholesterol was detected at mid-cycle. No other biochemical abnormalities were found. Circulating levels of testosterone and 17 hydroxyprogesterone were suppressed during treatment. Side-effects were not prominent. This appears to be a very useful medication for a clinical problem which hitherto has been difficult to treat. PMID- 6226282 TI - Fructose 2,6-bisphosphate in livers of genetically obese rats. AB - Livers of genetically obese (fa/fa) rats, starved for 24 h, contained more fructose 2,6-bisphosphate, glucose 6-phosphate, fructose 6-phosphate and glycogen, and more pyruvate kinase and phosphofructokinase 2 activities, than livers of control lean rats. These changes may be explained in terms of cyclic AMP concentration, which was decreased in livers of obese starved rats. PMID- 6226283 TI - Studies on the mechanism of the antifungal action of benzoate. AB - A method is described for the determination of the pH of intracellular water based on the distribution of [14C]benzoate (0.01 mM) between intra- and extra cellular water. Benzoate at higher concentrations (2-10mM) enters the yeast cell in the undissociated form, and its neutralization within the cell can cause a shift of the pH of the intracellular water by more than 1 pH unit. Benzoate causes an accumulation of the two hexose monophosphates of yeast glucose fermentation and a decrease in intermediates beyond phosphofructokinase, suggesting inhibition at this stage. Benzoate also causes a concomitant fall in [ATP]. Phosphofructokinase is inhibited to a greater extent than hexokinase at acid pH. There is a relationship between intracellular pH, phosphofructokinase inhibition and CO2 production, suggesting that the antifungal action of benzoate is caused by an accumulation of benzoate at low external pH, which lowers the intracellular pH into the range where phosphofructokinase is sensitive. The subsequent inhibition of glycolysis causes a fall in [ATP] and thus restricts growth. PMID- 6226284 TI - Biosynthesis and transport of lysosomal enzymes in human monocytes and macrophages. Effects of ammonium chloride, zymosan and tunicamycin. AB - Human monocytes and macrophages synthesize lysosomal enzymes as larger precursors. The polypeptide patterns of several lysosomal-enzyme precursors and their mature forms are similar to those observed in human fibroblasts. Like fibroblasts, the monocytes and macrophages release small amounts of lysosomal enzyme precursors. The lysosomotropic NH4+ cation enhances this release. In contrast, zymosan, a degranulating agent, causes release of both the mature and the precursor forms of the lysosomal enzymes. Both NH4Cl and zymosan inhibit maturation of the precursors. The fractional amounts of mature cathepsin D and beta-hexosaminidase released in the presence of zymosan are strikingly different. Probably, in the macrophages several lysosomal organelles are packaged with different relative contents of lysosomal enzymes. The transport of the precursors of cathepsin D into lysosomes is inhibited by tunicamycin. Therefore oligosaccharide side chains are likely to function as signals in packaging of lysosomal enzymes in macrophages also. PMID- 6226285 TI - Alterations in phosphofructokinase isoenzymes during early human development. Establishment of adult organ-specific patterns. AB - Human 6-phosphofructokinase (EC 2.7.1.11) exists in tetrameric isoenzymic forms composed of muscle (M), liver (L) and platelet (P) subunits, which are under separate genetic control. In the adult, the proportion of these subunits in different organs reflects the relative activity of glycolysis versus gluconeogenesis. To elucidate the developmental basis for the observed distribution, we investigated the isoenzymic transitions of phosphofructokinase in human foetuses (12-40 weeks' gestation) by using high-resolution chromatography and monoclonal antibodies. We studied skeletal muscle, heart, liver and brain because these organs show very different glycolytic fluxes and isoenzymic patterns in adult individuals. Our results demonstrate that there is no unique 'foetal' form of phosphofructokinase in humans, but all three loci are variably expressed in all foetal organs during early gestation. As development proceeds, muscle and liver isoenzyme patterns show dramatic changes, with disappearance of P and L subunits in muscle and transient reappearance of M and P subunits in liver; in contrast, phosphofructokinase isoenzymes change little in brain and heart. Most changes occur at mid-gestation and near term, and adult isoenzyme patterns are expressed at birth, indicating that organ differentiation is complete. These studies show that phosphofructokinase undergoes changes of isoenzyme patterns similar to, but not identical with, those of other multilocus isoenzyme systems of glycolysis. The observed changes probably reflect changing patterns of gene expression, with repression of some loci and activation of others. PMID- 6226287 TI - Influence of streptozotocin diabetes on myocardial lipids and prostaglandin release by the rat heart. PMID- 6226286 TI - Effects of calmodulin antagonists on the active Ca2+ uptake by rat liver mitochondria. AB - The mechanism of Ca2+ transport by rat liver mitochondria was investigated with respect to the possible involvement of calmodulin in this process. We studied the action of exogenous calmodulin isolated from brain tissue on the Ca2+-transport system, as well as the effect of two types of calmodulin antagonists; the phenothiazine drugs trifluoperazine and chlorpromazine and the more specific substance compound 48/80. Our results show that Ca2+ transport by mitochondria and mitochondrial ATPase activity are insensitive to exogenous calmodulin, although they can be inhibited by the phenothiazines. Since no effect of compound 48/80 was observed, we believe that the phenothiazines act through a mechanism that does not involve calmodulin. This is in accord with our inability to locate significant quantities of calmodulin in mitochondria by radioimmunoassay analysis. Our results further show that trifluoperazine and chlorpromazine also inhibit the electron-carrier system of the respiratory chain, and this effect may mediate their inhibitory action on Ca2+ transport when it is energized by respiration instead of ATP hydrolysis. PMID- 6226288 TI - [Changes in the dopamine content in the brain of Periplaneta americana L. after application of structural analogs of dopamine and reserpine]. AB - Changes in the content of dopamine (DA) in the CNS of the Cockroach (Periplaneta americana L.) after application of L-DOPA, p-chlorophenylalanine (p-CPA), alpha methyltyrosine (MT), 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) and reserpine have been investigated by fluorimetric measures. The content of DA is increased by p-CPA, and decreased by MT and 6-OHDA. Reserpine exhibits a decreasing effect in high concentration only (30 micrograms/g body weight). Probably, the high compatibility of reserpine is caused by a special alkaloidesterase (a hypothetical "reserpinase"). PMID- 6226289 TI - Histones H3 and H4 inhibit protein kinase C specifically. AB - The lysine-rich histone H1 is a preferred substrate for the Ca2+-phospholipid dependent protein kinase (protein kinase C). Histones H3 and H4 are poor substrates but potent inhibitors of the enzyme. The inhibitory effect of H3 and H4 seems to result mainly from a decreased sensitivity of protein kinase C to stimulation by phosphatidylserine (PS). These observations suggest that site specific phosphorylation of one histone type can be regulated by other histones. PMID- 6226290 TI - Unexpected relationships between bacteriophage lambda hypothetical proteins and bacteriophage T4 tail-fiber proteins. AB - Hypothetical lambda protein ORF314 shows significant homology with the carboxyl end of phage T4 tail-fiber protein gp37. Homology can also be demonstrated between hypothetical lambda protein ORF194 and a fragment of bacteriophage T4 protein gp38. This sequence homology is also reflected in the genomic sequences of these two phages. PMID- 6226291 TI - Effects of ethanol and barbiturates on Ca2+-ATPase activity of erythrocyte and brain membranes. AB - Exposure to ethanol or pentobarbital in vitro stimulated the ATP-dependent efflux of calcium from human red blood cells (RBC) and the Ca2+-ATPase activity of RBC and rat brain synaptic plasma membranes (SPM). These effects were obtained with concentrations of ethanol (50 mM) and pentobarbital (60 microM) associated with intoxication in vivo. The enhancement of SPM Ca2+-ATPase by ethanol was due to an increase in the apparent affinity of the enzyme for calcium with no change in the maximum velocity. SPM Ca2+-ATPase was also stimulated by an unsaturated fatty acid, cis-vaccenic acid methyl ester (cis-VAME). The membrane-disordering effects of ethanol, four barbiturates and cis-VAME were evaluated in SPM using the fluorescent probe molecule 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene (DPH). All the compounds decreased the fluorescence polarization of DPH, and these decreases were proportional to the increase in Ca2+-ATPase produced by these drugs. These findings suggest that the increase in Ca2+-ATPase and calcium efflux produced by ethanol and pentobarbital results from the membrane-disordering effects of these drugs. PMID- 6226292 TI - Teratogenic effects of cholinergic insecticides in chick embryos--IV. The role of tryptophan in protecting against limb deformities. AB - The mechanism by which organophosphate (OP) insecticides cause micromelia in embryonic chick limbs was examined using a tissue culture approach. Limb bud cells in micromass culture were assayed for their proliferative and chondrogenic activities, [3H]thymidine and 35SO4 = incorporation, respectively, into the trichloroacetic acid-insoluble constituents of the cell masses and/or the accumulation of 35S-labeled soluble macromolecular products in the culture medium. There was no obvious correlation between either the teratogenicity or toxicity of the insecticide in ovo and the inhibition of proliferation and chondrogenesis in vitro. In addition, nicotinamide, which prevents insecticide induced micromelia in ovo, did not improve the proliferative and chondrogenic performance of insecticide-treated cells in culture. On the other hand, 2 pyridinealdoxime methochloride, which offers little or no protection against micromelia in ovo, did protect both the proliferative and chondrogenic activities of the limb bud cells in micromass culture. These observations suggest that the actions of the insecticides on the cells in culture are not the same as those that produce micromelia in ovo. L-Tryptophan antagonized OP insecticide-induced micromelia in the embryo. In micromass culture, a much greater concentration of tryptophan was needed to support the chondrogenic than the proliferative activities of the limb bud cells. Moreover, a greater concentration of tryptophan was needed to support the chondrogenic activities of the leg bud than the wing bud cells. These in vitro responses of the limb bud cells to tryptophan deprivation are analogous to the in ovo response of the limbs to the teratogenic OP insecticides. A possible explanation of the roles of tryptophan and nicotinamide in preventing the limb deformities is offered. PMID- 6226293 TI - Glutathione depletion and in vitro lipid peroxidation in mercury or maleate induced acute renal failure. AB - Nephrotoxic acute renal failure was experimentally induced in male rats by s.c. application of mercuric chloride and i.p. administration of maleate, respectively. Mercuric chloride and maleate are known to enhance the formation of free radicals and peroxides, which presumably overload the cell's natural elimination mechanisms for these highly reactive intermediates. In addition, a reduction in activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase, enzymes responsible for the protection of cells against peroxidative action of superoxide anions and hyperperoxides was found. In both models of acute renal failure, enhanced lipid peroxidation in kidney homogenates in vitro, monitored as malondialdehyde production, was observed. Furthermore, HgCl2 and maleate may react with free SH-groups and thus lead to a depletion of glutathione in tubular cells. Indeed, renal cortical contents of reduced and oxidized glutathione were drastically diminished. These results suggest that alterations in membrane integrity, possibly caused by peroxidative processes, can be considered the cause underlying the well-known disturbances in renal function commonly observed during the initiation phase of HgCl2 and maleate induced acute renal failure. PMID- 6226294 TI - [Effect of L-tryptophan, nicotinamide, L-methionine and 1-methylnicotinamide on the embryotoxic effect of various substances]. AB - There are several reports in the literature indicating that embryotoxic substances influence the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) metabolism. Therefore, the effect of different metabolites of the NAD metabolism--i.e. nicotinamide, L-tryptophan, 1-methylnicotinamide as well as L-methionine - upon the embryotoxicity of 6-aminonicotinamide, hydroxy-urea, 6-mercaptopurine, and cyclophosphamide was studied. 1. The embryotoxicity of 6-aminonicotinamide is completely prevented by nicotinamide and L-tryptophan, but enhanced by L methionine and 1-methylnicotinamide. 2. Hydroxy-urea produced a resorption rate of 30% of the fetuses under the conditions applied. In the presence of L methionine, the rate is lower; the other substances do not show any effect. 3. All substances used enhance the embryotoxicity of 6-mercaptopurine. There are, however, marked differences between them. 4. The embryotoxicity of cyclophosphamide is especially enhanced by a combined administration of nicotinamide + L-methionine. L-Tryptophan, on the other hand, increases the weight of the embryos. PMID- 6226295 TI - [Hemodynamic effects of ipratropium bromide in comparison with atrial stimulation]. AB - After application of ipratropium bromide (Itrop) a long-time increase of frequency and left ventricular ejection time can be observed. Beside a vagolytic effect a sympathomimetic action of the drug could be demonstrated by experimental investigations. In 10 patients hemodynamics in comparison to arteficial atrial pacing and after parenteral administration of 0.5 mg ipratropium bromide were investigated. The intervention by the drug led to an increase of heart rate from 54 to 93 beats/min. Cardiac index showed an increase from 2.40 to 2.96 l/min/m2, while stroke volume decreased from 82.0 to 59.1 ml. Compared to hemodynamic parameters measured under atrial pacing at the same heart rate no significant differences could be found. It could be demonstrated, that ipratropium bromide showed no positive inotropic effect of clinical relevance. The increase of cardiac index is referred to an augmented cardiac output due to a rise of heart rate. PMID- 6226296 TI - [Human disease caused by Nepuyo virus, a Central American bunyavirus transmitted by mosquitoes]. PMID- 6226297 TI - [Epidemiologic survey of cutaneous leishmaniasis. A study in Merida, Venezuela]. PMID- 6226299 TI - [Primary prevention of substance dependence in adolescents. Description of a project in Santiago, Chile]. PMID- 6226298 TI - [Disease produced by non-tuberculosis mycobacteria in Buenos Aires, Argentina]. PMID- 6226300 TI - [Weight increase during pregnancy. Method for its calculation when the normal weight is unknown]. PMID- 6226301 TI - [Simplified perinatal clinical history]. PMID- 6226302 TI - [Recovery of severely malnourished children in an area of Santiago, Chile]. PMID- 6226303 TI - [A method for the fluorimetric determination of usnic acid in pharmaceutical preparations]. AB - A new, rapid, sensitive and reproducible micromethod for the fluorometric determination of usnic acid in pharmaceutical formulations has been developed. The method makes use of the quenching of the fluorescence produced by usnic acid in the solution of anthranilic acid in TRIS. The possibility of extending the method to cosmetic finished products is demonstrated. PMID- 6226304 TI - Frequency of qh+ chromosomal variants in a) radioexposed, b) Down syndrome and c) control subjects. AB - "Paranormal" variants of human chromosomes, devoid of phenotypical effects (since what appears to vary is heterochromatic, non-genic DNA) are known to be heritable. Some very large variants (especially the qh+ variants on chromosomes 1 and possibly 16 and Y) were reported to be associated with increased reproductive pathology (sterility, fetal wastage, chromosomal aberrations). These variants are currently assessed by the C-band techniques; very large C-bands correspond to morphological alterations (elongation or deformation) of the chromosome. A study of qh+ morphological variants of chromosomes 1, 9 and 16 in 40 professionally radioexposed subjects, in 40 Down-syndrome patients and in 40 controls is reported, indicating that the frequency of each variant is lowest among controls, intermediate among professionally radioexposed subjects and highest among Down syndrome patients. These findings, if confirmed, suggest a possible use of the qh+ variants as heritable indicators of chromosomal damage. PMID- 6226305 TI - [Helper or suppressor activity of T lymphocytes in patients with Berger's disease]. AB - We have studied the immunological aspects in ten cases of Berger disease. Interaction between B and T lymphocytes were investigated to define help or suppressor activity 6 cases have demonstrated help activity, while suppressor activity was observed in two cases. PMID- 6226306 TI - Iron absorption and transport in microorganisms. PMID- 6226307 TI - Examining early intentional communication in Down's syndrome and nonretarded children. PMID- 6226308 TI - Retinoid concentrations in skin, serum and adipose tissue of patients treated with etretinate. AB - Synthetic and natural retinoids were analysed in epidermis, dermis, subcutis and serum of twenty-seven patients treated with etretinate (0.6-1.0 mg/kg/day) for 1 36 months. The concentrations of etretinate (including its major metabolite) in serum and normal-appearing epidermis were 150-600 ng/ml and 50-350 ng/g, respectively. The serum and epidermal values were significantly correlated (P less than 0.05). The drug progressively accumulated in the subcutis attaining a maximum value of 15,500 ng/g. After the treatment, etretinate disappeared from the epidermis within 1 week. By contrast, the drug remained in the subcutis for several months after cessation of treatment. The epidermal composition of endogenous retinoids changed during etretinate therapy as reflected in an increased ratio of 3-dehydroretinol to all-trans retinol. PMID- 6226309 TI - Lung cancer associated with chloromethyl methyl ether manufacture: an investigation at two factories in the United Kingdom. AB - The prevalence of deaths from lung cancer, other cancer, and all other causes was studied in workers and former workers at two factories (A and B) in the United Kingdom at which chloromethyl methyl ether has been manufactured, at one since about 1948 and at the other since 1956. At factory A in South Wales 571 men were traced and at factory B in the north east of England 1196. A statistically significant excess of observed deaths from lung cancer but not other cancer compared with the number expected was found in factory A when the death rates for the population of Glamorgan were applied. The deaths from lung cancer at factory A were related to risk in terms of total exposure time, and average exposure rate and dosage. The degree of exposure was more important than the duration of exposure. There has so far been no demonstrable excess of deaths from lung cancer in employees working at factory A since the process was changed in 1972. In factory B the risk was low over the whole period, and there was no excess of lung or other cancers compared with the rates for the Tyneside conurbation. Despite improvements in the process in both factories continued surveillance of the workers is needed for some years yet. PMID- 6226310 TI - Laparoscopic diagnosis of acute pelvic inflammatory disease. AB - At Ngwelezana Hospital, 103 patients admitted from the outpatient clinic with a diagnosis of pelvic infection were laparoscoped and in only 63 was the diagnosis confirmed. A disturbingly high incidence of ectopic pregnancy (8 patients) was found. PMID- 6226311 TI - Inactivation of yeast hexokinase B by triethyltin bromide. AB - Triethyltin bromide was found to demonstrate temperature-dependent inactivation of yeast hexokinase B. At temperatures of 20 degrees C or lower, little or no inactivation of the enzyme was detected after 2 h of reaction with 50-300 microM concentrations of the reagent. However, incubation at 25 degrees C or higher resulted in an increased rate and extent of loss of the enzyme activity with increasing incubation temperatures. The Arrhenius plot for the inactivation process showed a sharp break at approximately 30 degrees C, with a heat of activation (delta H*) above this temperature of 55.2 kcal, indicating that a triethyltin-induced conformational change occurred at the elevated temperatures. Sugar substrates provided protection against the inactivating effect by reducing the binding of triethyltin to the enzyme. In the absence of glucose, two sites of different affinity for triethyltin exist in the hexokinase monomer. Binding of triethyltin to the enzyme shifted its monomer-dimer equilibrium toward the monomeric form in an early stage of the interaction. Inactivation of the enzyme was associated with a slower subsequent event. Comparative effects of various organotin compounds on the activity of the enzyme indicated that inhibitory potency was associated with increasing hydrophobicity of the alkyl groups attached to the tin. PMID- 6226312 TI - Imino proton assignments in the proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum of the lambda phage OR3 deoxyribonucleic acid fragment. AB - The 17 base pair duplex d(TATCACCGCAAGGGATAp) . d(TATCCCTTGCGGTGATAp) corresponding to the OR3 operator site of lambda phage has been synthesized and studied by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy at 470 MHz. The 13 imino proton resonances observed at 20 degrees C have been assigned to specific base pairs at positions 3-15 on the basis of nuclear Overhauser effect measurements and studies of the temperature dependence of peak intensities. Resonances from the A-T base pairs at positions 1, 2, 16, and 17 are assumed to be absent from the spectrum because of terminal fraying. Resonance from many of the base pairs suggested by Ohlendorf et al. [Ohlendorf, D. H., Anderson, W. F., Fisher, R. G., Takeda, Y., & Matthews, B. W. (1982) Nature (London) 298, 718-723] to be involved in specific binding of the lambda phage cro repressor are well resolved. PMID- 6226313 TI - Multiple heparan sulfate proteoglycans synthesized by a basement membrane producing murine embryonal carcinoma cell line. AB - The murine embryonal carcinoma derived cell line M1536-B3 secretes the basement membrane components laminin and entactin and, when grown in bacteriological dishes, produces and adheres to sacs of basement membrane components. Heparan sulfate proteoglycans have been isolated from these sacs, the cells, and the medium. At least three different heparan sulfate proteoglycans are produced by these cells as determined by proteoglycan size, glycosaminoglycan chain length, and charge density. The positions of the N- and O-sulfate groups in the glycosaminoglycan chains from each proteoglycan appear to be essentially the same despite differences in the size and culture compartment locations of the heparan sulfate proteoglycan. Additionally, small quantities of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans are found in each fraction and copurify with each heparan sulfate proteoglycan. Because this cell line appears to synthesize at least three different heparan sulfate proteoglycans which are targeted to different final locations (basement membrane, cell surface, and medium), this will be a useful system in which to study the factors which determine final heparan sulfate proteoglycan structures and culture compartment targeting and the possible effects of the protein core(s) on heparan sulfate carbohydrate chain synthesis and secretion. PMID- 6226314 TI - Stoichiometry of H+/amino acid cotransport in Neurospora crassa revealed by current-voltage analysis. AB - Coupling of ions to the uptake of neutral and basic amino acids via a general amino acid transport system (System II), was studied in a mutant of Neurospora crassa (bat mtr) which lacks other transport systems for these solutes. All amino acids tested--including ones bearing no net charge--elicited rapid membrane depolarization, as expected for ion-coupled transport. (Since amino acid transport in Neurospora is not dependent on extracellular Na+ or K+, the associated ion is presumed to be H+.) Although the 14C-labeled amino acid fluxes through System II are largely independent of the identity of the amino acid, the depolarization caused by basic amino acids (L-lysine and L-ornithine) is 60-70% greater than that for neutral amino acids (e.g. L-leucine). This difference is consistent with a constant H+/amino acid stoichiometry of 2, the extra charge for lysine and ornithine being that on the amino acid itself, so that the charge ratio basic:neutral amino acids is 3:2. When actual membrane charge flow associated with amino acid uptake was compared with measured 14C-labeled amino acid influx, ratios of 2.07 charges/mol L-leucine and 3.40 charges/mol L-lysine were obtained, again in accord with a constant translocation stoichiometry of 2H+/amino acid. The advantages of this electrical method for estimating H+/solute stoichiometry in cotransport are discussed in relation to more familiar methods. PMID- 6226315 TI - Temperature-induced modifications of glycosphingolipids in plasma membranes of Neurospora crassa. AB - Plasma membranes isolated from a cell-wall-less mutant of Neurospora crassa grown at 37 and 15 degrees C display large differences in lipid compositions. A free sterol-to-phospholipid ratio of 0.8 was found in 37 degrees C membranes, while 15 degrees C plasma membranes exhibited a ratio of nearly 2.0. Membranes formed under both growth conditions were found to contain glycosphingolipids. Cultures grown at the low temperature, however, were found to contain 6-fold higher levels of glycosphingolipids and a corresponding 2-fold reduction of phospholipid levels. The high glycosphingolipid content at 15 degrees C compensates for the reduced levels of phospholipids in such a way that sterol/polar lipid ratios are almost the same in plasma membranes under the two growth conditions. Temperature dependent changes in plasma-membrane phospholipid and glycosphingolipid species were also observed. Phosphatidylethanolamine levels were sharply reduced at 15 degrees C, in addition to a moderate increase in levels of unsaturated phospholipid fatty acids. Glycosphingolipids contained high levels of long-chain hydroxy fatty acids, which constituted 75% of the total fraction at 37 degrees C, but only 50% at 15 degrees C. Compositional changes were also observed in the long-chain base component of glycosphingolipids with respect to growth temperature. Fluorescence polarization studies indicate that the observed lipid modifications in 15 degrees C plasma membranes act to modulate bulk fluidity of the plasma-membrane lipids with respect to growth temperature. These studies suggest that coordinate modulation of glycosphingolipid, phospholipid and sterol content may be involved in regulation of plasma-membrane fluid properties during temperature acclimation. PMID- 6226316 TI - Antibacterial effect of the scandium complex of enterochelin. Studies of the mechanism of action. AB - There is good evidence to show that ferric enterochelin is an essential growth factor for a number of Gram-negative pathogenic bacteria exposed to the host iron binding proteins, transferrin and lactoferrin. Tests of nineteen complexes of enterochelin as potential antibacterial agents showed that only those containing either indium (In3+) or scandium (Sc3+) inhibited bacterial growth. In this study, further evidence is presented which demonstrates a competition between the Sc3+ and Fe3+ complexes. The uptake of both complexes is energy dependent and is also repressed in iron-replete cells. The Sc3+ complex accumulates within the cells at 20% of the rate of the Fe3+ complex. The main components of the ferric enterochelin transport system are required for the transport of the Sc3+ complex although some Sc3+ appears to enter the cell by another route. The accumulation, within the cell, of 14C-labelled enterochelin complexes depends on the growth medium. The relationship of the size of the metal ion to the biological activity of the complex is discussed and possible mechanisms of action of the Sc3+ complex are considered. PMID- 6226317 TI - Effect of the co-existence of galactosyl and phosphomannosyl residues on beta hexosaminidase on the processing and transport of the enzyme in mucolipidosis I fibroblasts. AB - Cultured fibroblasts from patients with the lysosomal storage disease, mucolipidosis II, produce complex glycosylated lysosomal enzymes which are preferentially excreted presumably due to the absence of specific phosphomannosyl recognition residues needed for intracellular retention. Complex glycosylated hydrolases are also produced by fibroblasts from patients with mucolipidosis I but an abnormal excretion is not apparent in this disorder. Intra- and extracellular distribution, lectin binding, and specific endocytosis were criteria used to compared the properties of intra- and extracellular beta hexosaminidase derived from mucolipidosis I and normal fibroblast cultures. Mucolipidosis I fibroblasts did not hyperexcrete beta-hexosaminidase when maintained in serum-free medium. Using the specificity of ricin binding to terminal galactosyl residues, the most galactosylated forms of the enzyme derived from mucolipidosis I cell extracts and culture fluids were found in the mucolipidosis I cell extracts (50% of total enzyme). Mucolipidosis I-excreted beta-hexosaminidase which was eluted from ricin-120-Sepharose, was a high-uptake form in endocytosis experiments while unbound enzyme was a low-uptake form. These data suggest that beta-hexosaminidase molecules contained phosphomannosyl residues necessary for receptor-mediated endocytosis as well as galactosyl residues on the same molecule. The co-existence of complex chains with high mannose chains did not interfere with the phosphomannose-mediated endocytosis of beta-hexosaminidase nor with the retention of endogenous enzyme. We can speculate that since complex oligosaccharide chains in the mucolipidosis I cellular enzyme persist due to a sialidase deficiency, more extensive sialylation of cellular enzyme in normal fibroblasts probably occurs at some point during post translational processing. However, the presence of sialidase in normal cells initiates complex chain trimming in the lysosomes resulting in a less glycosylated end product. PMID- 6226318 TI - [Mechanism of glycerol and methanol action on soluble ATPase of mitochondria]. AB - The effects of methanol, butanol, glycerol, glucose, sucrose and inorganic anions on the activity of soluble ATPase from mouse liver mitochondria were studied. Glycerol inhibited, while methanol stimulated the enzyme activity uncompetitively with respect to ATP and competitively with respect to each other. Glycerol induced inhibition of ATPase was competitive with respect to sulphite; methanol competed with thiocyanate for the enzyme activity. The Arrhenius plots for ATPase revealed bends at 20 degrees and 30 degrees C in the presence of sulphite, chlorine, thiocyanate, glycerol and methanol. It was assumed that all the compounds tested influenced soluble ATPase by changing the nucleophilic activity of H2O. PMID- 6226320 TI - [Reconstruction of highly purified proton-translocating pyrophosphatase from Rhodospirillum rubrum]. AB - Using the freezing-thawing procedure, a highly purified preparation of PPase from R. rubrum chromatophore membranes was incorporated into soybean phospholipid liposomes. The activity of reconstituted PPase was increased in the presence of the uncoupler, FCCP, and the antibiotics, valinomycin (+KCl) and nigericin (+KCl). Oligomycin did not exert any inhibiting action, while imidodiphosphate and NaF significantly decreased the activity of the PPase incorporated into the liposomes. Preincubation of both PPase and ATPase prior to their incorporation into the liposomes did not affect the activity of the reconstituted enzyme. It was concluded that the PPase from R. rubrum chromatophores when incorporated into the liposomes may function as a proton pump independently of the ATPase. PMID- 6226319 TI - [Modification of an enzymic system of Ca2+ transport in sarcoplasmic reticulum membranes during lipid peroxidation. Induction and regulation systems of lipid peroxidation in skeletal and heart muscles]. AB - The enzymic and non-enzymic systems which induce and control lipid peroxidation (LPO) in muscle cells were studied. The maximal activity of enzymic NADH- and NADPH-dependent LPO was observed in sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) membranes. It was found that an essential role in enzymic LPO induction belongs to superoxide radical anions and to hydroxyl radicals. The maximal concentration of the natural LPO inhibitor, alpha-tocopherol, was detected in SR membranes. The glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activities were determined in the cytosol fraction of myocytes. The role of compartmentation of enzymic and non-enzymic systems of LPO induction in muscle cells is discussed. PMID- 6226321 TI - [Characteristics of subunit composition of H+-ATPase from the anaerobic bacterium Lactobacillus casei]. AB - In the presence of Mg2+ or Ca2+ the membranes of the anaerobic glycolytic bacterium Lactobacillus casei hydrolyze 0.1-0.2 mumole ATP/min/mg of protein with a pH optimum 6.4. This activity is inhibited by N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide and is insensitive to oligomycin, ouabain, vanadate and hydroxylamine. A soluble ATPase was isolated and purified from L. casei membranes. The specific activity of this ATPase is 3.0-4.0 mumole ATP/min/mg of protein. The enzyme homogeneity was established by analytical polyacrylamide gel disc electrophoresis and by analytical centrifugation (S20, omega = 12 +/- 0,5). The molecular weight of the enzyme is 270 000. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of ATPase denaturated by 1% SDS and 8 M urea in the presence of SDS revealed one type of subunits with Mr = 43 000. These subunits could not be separated by isoelectrofocusing in polyacrylamide gel in the presence of 8 M urea and migrated as a single peptide with pI at 4.2. The experimental results suggest that the soluble ATPase from L. casei consists of six identical subunits with Mr of 43 000. PMID- 6226322 TI - [Electron microscopic study of the depolymerization process on unstabilized fibrin as affected by urea or monochloracetic acid]. AB - With the help of the electronmicroscopic method the non-stabilized fibrin depolymerization has been studied. It has been established that under the action of urea or monochloridacetic acid the gradual transition of fibril clot's structure in globular fibrinolike material takes place. These globules have morphological likeness with the fibrin-monomer molecules and have analogy of the morphological properties to the non-stabilized fibrin dissolution products by complex compounds of heparin. The elimination of urea or monochloridacetic acid from media gives possibility to reconstruct the fibrillar fibrin structure. PMID- 6226323 TI - T-lymphocyte subpopulations in pregnancy. AB - T-lymphocyte subpopulations were evaluated in 44 pregnant women at different stages of gestation by means of monoclonal antibodies. A total of 32 healthy women of the same age served as a control group. OKT3-positive cells (more than 95% of the circulating T-lymphocytes) decrease markedly in pregnancy between the 14th and the 28th week. Such a decrease seems to be due to a specific lowering in the number of OKT4-positive cells (which seem to represent helper T-lymphocytes). OKT8-positive cells (which seem to represent cytotoxic-suppressor T-lymphocytes) show no meaningful alteration. Possibly due to helper decrease, maternal immunity is impaired between the 14th and 28th week. PMID- 6226324 TI - Diagnosis of intrauterine fetal growth retardation (IUGR) and placental insufficiency by a dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHAS) loading test. AB - Chronic placental insufficiency results in intrauterine fetal growth retardation (IUGR). The IUGR can be diagnosed by clinical signs (follow-up of maternal weight, fundus height, abdominal circumference), ultrasound examination (biparietal and thoracic diameters, circumferences of the head and the trunk), and by endocrinologic tests (estrogen determination in serum and urine without and after performance of a DHAS loading test). The different ways of performing the DHAS loading test reported in the literature are reviewed. The DHAS loading test measures the aromatization capacity of the human placenta and indirectly its metabolic exchange capacities. After DHAS loading, estrogens (estrone, estradiol, estriol), DHAS and DHA can be determined in blood and urine; furthermore, changes in urine total estrogen excretion can be evaluated. In conclusion, the best parameter for diagnosing IUGR seems to be the determination of the DHAS half-life after DHAS loading. A prolongation of DHAS half-life (greater than 4.7 h) after DHAS loading (50 mg i.v.) is a good index of IUGR. PMID- 6226325 TI - Medroxyprogesterone acetate has opposite effects on the androgen binding protein concentrations in serum and epididymis. AB - In the rat, the effects of progestin and androgen administration on serum, testicular and epididymal androgen binding protein (rABP) concentrations were determined and related to the organ weight and morphology. Adult rats were treated with medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA; 17 alpha-acetoxy-6 alpha methylprogesterone), testosterone propionate (TP) and mibolerone (MB; 7 alpha, 17 alpha-dimethyl-19-nortestosterone). MPA reduced testicular and epididymal weights and the concentrations of serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH) and testosterone. During MPA treatment testicular and epididymal ABP content declined in parallel with organ weights and hormone concentrations, whereas serum ABP concentrations increased. Combinations of MPA and TP reduced testicular and epididymal ABP, but the reductions were less than with MPA alone; this combined treatment also elevated serum AMP. Both MB and TP reduced ABP in the male reproductive tract, but unlike MPA did not increase the concentration of this protein in serum. The results suggest that MPA acts directly on Sertoli cells resulting in increased ABP release into the blood. The comparison was made of steady state polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SS-PAGE) and radioimmunoassay (RIA) methods of estimating rABP. The potency ratio of testicular ABP estimated by the two methods (RIA:SS-PAGE) was three times higher than this ratio in the epididymis in normal and hormonally treated animals. Due to differences in end points, these observations imply that these assays do not quantify the molecules in the same way in one or both of these tissues. The results indicate, however, that both assays are suitable for following rABP concentration in animals with altered hormonal states. PMID- 6226326 TI - A bovine seminal plasma inhibitor of actin-stimulated myosin adenosine triphosphatase. AB - During attempts to isolate bovine sperm actin, persistent low molecular weight proteinaceous (LMWP) contaminants were found. A LMWP fraction was prepared by gel filtration chromatography on Sephadex G150. The LMWP was found in extracts of washed bovine ejaculated spermatozoa and in clarified bovine seminal plasma. It was substantially reduced in amount in bovine epididymal spermatozoa, indicating that it originated from secondary sex gland secretions. The LMWP inhibited rabbit muscle actin-stimulated myosin adenosine triphosphatase (actin-myosin ATPase) activity. The LMWP:actin ratio for 50% inhibition of actin-myosin ATPase was 2.6 +/- 0.12 mg LMWP per mg actin. The LMWP interfered with actin inhibition of deoxyribonuclease, indicating that LMWP interacted with actin. The LMWP from seminal plasma had an estimated molecular weight of 8300 and consisted of several acidic components. It had negligible protease activity and its inhibition of actin-myosin ATPase was independent of divalent cations. The LMWP appears to readily aggregate with itself and other proteins, which may be related to its physiological role in semen. PMID- 6226327 TI - Efficiency of energy conversion in model biological pumps. Optimization by linear nonequilibrium thermodynamic relations. AB - Experimental investigations showed linear relations between flows and forces in some biological energy converters operating far from equilibrium. This observation cannot be understood on the basis of conventional nonequilibrium thermodynamics. Therefore, the efficiencies of a linear and a nonlinear mode of operation of an energy converter (a hypothetical redox-driven H+ pump) were compared. This comparison revealed that at physiological values of the forces and degrees of coupling (1) the force ratio permitting optimal efficiency was much higher in the linear than in the nonlinear mode and (2) the linear mode of operation was at least 10(6)-times more efficient that the nonlinear one. These observations suggest that the experimentally observed linear relations between flows and forces, particularly in the case of oxidative phosphorylation, may be due to a feedback regulation maintaining linear thermodynamic relations far from equilibrium. This regulation may have come about as the consequence of an evolutionary drive towards higher efficiency. PMID- 6226328 TI - [Change in the molecular properties of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca-ATPase during modification of the membranes with cholesterol]. AB - The thiol reagent NBD-chloride (4-chloro-7-nitro-benzo-2-oxo-1,3-diazole) was used to determine the amount and reactivity of SH-groups of Ca-ATPase of rat skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum during hypercholesterolemia. Modification of membranes with cholesterol brought about a decrease in the total amount and reactivity of SH-groups at the cost of reduction of rapid SH-groups and decrease of the modification constant of these SH-groups. The masking effect of high concentrations of ATP on the reactivity of SH-groups in hypercholesterolemia was noticed. It is inferred that the reduced efficacy of Ca-pump work found under the same experimental conditions before is a consequence of the modification of sarcoplasmic reticulum membranes with cholesterol and change in the molecular conformation of Ca-ATPase. PMID- 6226329 TI - [Analysis of changes in mitotic activity and epidermal G2 chalone content in esophageal and tongue epithelia during the course of the day]. AB - The epidermal G2-chalone level and mitotic activity variations in the epithelium of the rabbit esophagus and tongue and correlation of these indices were studied during the day. Mitotic activity was determined by the mitotic index calculation. The epidermal G2-chalone localization was determined by the Coons indirect method with monospecific immune serum. Circadian rhythms of the mitotic activity with maximal level at morning hours and circadian rhythms of chalone synthesis were discovered in the epithelium of both the organs. The decrease of G2-chalone concentration was followed by maximal mitosis in the epithelium under consideration. Obviously, the increase of the mitotic activity was caused by the decrease of G2-chalone concentration. An assumption about circadian rhythms of mitosis formation by means of G2-chalones has been confirmed by the data obtained. PMID- 6226330 TI - Regulatory mechanism of granulopoiesis in the bone marrow of CSF-producing tumor bearing nude mice. AB - The regulatory mechanism of differentiation of granulocyte and macrophage precursor cells (G/M CFU-C) in bone marrow and spleen obtained from nude mice bearing colony-stimulating factor (CSF) producing tumor (G-mice), which developed marked granulocytosis, was studied. In these mice, granulopoiesis is enhanced in the spleen, but suppressed in bone marrow. Coculture of G-mouse bone marrow cells with splenic cells of control nude mice (C-mice) and of G-mice resulted in 68% and 62%, respectively, more colonies than expected, while coculture of C-mouse bone marrow cells with these two sources of cell fractions resulted in only 2% and 11% more colonies. In the double-layer agar culture system, bone marrow and splenic cells of C- and G-mice produced a maximal number of colonies containing adequate amounts of human urinary CSF in the upper layer when C-mouse bone marrow cells were added to the lower layer, while these four sources of cells produced a moderate or minimal number of colonies when splenic cells of C- and G-mice or G mouse bone marrow cells were added to the lower layer. Morphological examination of colonies formed in the upper layer revealed that addition of C-mouse bone marrow cells or irradiated G-mouse bone marrow cells to the lower layer resulted in a massive increment in the number of colonies with pure granulocytes and granulocyte and macrophage mixed (G + G/M) colonies formed by G-mouse bone marrow cells in the upper layer. However, the addition of irradiated C-mouse bone marrow cells or G-mouse bone marrow cells before irradiation to the lower layer did not change G + G/M colony formation by G-mouse bone marrow cells in the upper layer. We could reproduce these findings with conditioned media obtained from 3-day liquid cultures of these cell fractions. This suggests that a diffusible factor may be necessary for inhibition of G + G/M colony formation in G-mouse bone marrow cells. The fine mechanism of such inhibition remains to be clarified. PMID- 6226331 TI - Musculoskeletal manipulation in the treatment of low back pain. PMID- 6226332 TI - An anthropomorphic phantom for evaluation of radiosotope bone imaging of the lumbar spine. PMID- 6226333 TI - Clinical aspects of the arachidonic acid--thromboxane pathway. PMID- 6226334 TI - Immunological abnormalities in haemophilia: are they caused by American factor VIII concentrate? AB - Scottish patients with haemophilia, most of whom had received no American factor VIII concentrate for over two years, were found to have immunological abnormalities similar to those in their American counterparts--that is, a reduced proportion of T helper cells, an increased proportion of T suppressor cells, and a reduced response to concanavilin A. Factor VIII from both the United States and Scotland severely inhibited the in vitro lymphocyte response to mitogens in patients and controls. The American and Scottish concentrates could not be distinguished in terms of either patient usage or their effect in vitro. These results argue against a disease vector specific to American blood products. PMID- 6226335 TI - Possible hepatotoxicity of zimelidine. PMID- 6226336 TI - In vivo electrochemical detection of 5-hydroxyindoles in rat somatosensory cortex: effect of the stimulation of the serotonergic pathways in normal and pCPA pretreated animals. AB - Differential pulse voltammetry was used for the detection of 5-hydroxyindoles in the cerebral cortex of rats anaesthetized with urethane. The stimulation of the lateral hypothalamus or of the dorsal raphe nucleus induced a 10-40% increase in the amplitude of the signal. The signal recorded from p-chlorophenylalanine (pCPA)-pretreated animals was much smaller than in normal animals and could be increased by 5-HTP administration. The stimulation of the serotonergic pathways was ineffective in the pCPA-pretreated animals. PMID- 6226337 TI - The antidepressant agents desipramine, fluoxetine, fluvoxamine and norzimelidine inhibit uptake of [3H]noradrenaline and [3H]5-hydroxytryptamine in slices of human and rat cortical brain tissue. AB - The stability of uptake of [3H]noradrenaline and [3H]5-hydroxytryptamine in rat neocortical brain slices, prepared up to 4-5 h after decapitation, was established. Subsequently, monoamine uptake inhibition by 4 antidepressant agents: desipramine, fluoxetine, fluvoxamine and norzimelidine was compared in human post-mortem neocortical brain slices vs rat neocortical brain slices. In both species, desipramine exhibited considerable selectivity for noradrenaline uptake, while fluoxetine, fluvoxamine and norzimelidine showed varying degrees of selectivity for 5-hydroxytryptamine uptake. These results support the use of rat brain as a model for the study of neurochemical correlates of depression and antidepressant drug action. PMID- 6226338 TI - Anatomy and pathology of extrapyramidal diseases. AB - An overview of the anatomy of the basal ganglion system has been presented in conjunction with a brief outline of the diseases associated with it. The etiology of these degenerative diseases has been discussed, and the major morphologic changes at the macroscopic level are given. The probable pathologic and morphologic substrates of movement disorders have been suggested. PMID- 6226339 TI - The basal ganglia in extrapyramidal dysfunction. AB - The rapid advances in knowledge of basal ganglia circuitry and function in recent years have allowed the construction of a functional scheme to explain many facets of known pathologic states. The dichotomy of Parkinson's disease; akinesia with increased tone, and the mirror effects in Huntington's disease; hemiballismus and tardive dyskinesia, hyperkinesia with decreased tone are explained as due to two outputs of the system with an intervening inhibitory neuron which reverses the sign. The two outputs control different motor functions; pallidothalamic involved primarily with movements and nigrobrainstem involved primarily with muscle tone. PMID- 6226340 TI - Institutional child abuse in Greece: some preliminary findings. AB - A long-term study on child abuse and neglect in Greece is being carried out at the Institute of Child Health, Athens. A multidisciplinary team is investigating the nature of the problem in Greece, is trying a system of therapeutic intervention to families, is evaluating the adequacy of child protection as it is used in child abuse and neglect, and is examining the efficacy of the law. During a one year period, 5 children cared for in institutions were referred to the program. All were boys. All were children with minor or major handicaps. Two of died from the abusive incident. A study of the circumstances of the injury, and of the conditions in Greek institutions, supports the idea that institutional and family child abuse share many common characteristics. Special mention is made of the Greek circumstances pertaining to child protection and the law. PMID- 6226341 TI - [Hematoporphyrin derivative (HpD) and laser therapy in the management of malignant tumors--clinical analysis of 47 cases]. PMID- 6226342 TI - [Experimental study on the killing effect of hematoporphyrin derivative-laser to transplanted tumor in animals]. PMID- 6226343 TI - [Photodynamic damage of human cancer cell line and normal diploid cell line in vitro in the presence of hematoporphyrin derivative]. PMID- 6226344 TI - [Electron microscopic observations on the killing effect of hematoporphyrin derivative-laser to S180 tumor cells]. PMID- 6226345 TI - AIDS and its significance to dentistry. PMID- 6226346 TI - Dental care for cancer patients. PMID- 6226347 TI - Stripping of proteins from submitochondrial particles of rat skeletal muscle or bovine heart by chemical uncouplers. AB - Proteins of similar molecular weights were stripped from submitochondrial particles (A particles) of rat skeletal muscle or bovine heart by treatment with classical chemical uncouplers at 0 degrees C as with Ca2+. Proteins released included two of high molecular weight (about 43 000 and 30 000), an ATPase inhibitor protein (IF1) as well as the Ca2+-binding lipoprotein that has previously been shown to protect the mitochondrial ATPase complex against inhibition by N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCCD). The latter two proteins were purified to a high degree. The crude fraction obtained by stripping with chemical uncouplers also contained traces of an additional protein (relative mass (Mr) approximately 13 000) which was also found upon aging of the crude fraction stripped by Ca2+. It was not found in aged preparations of either purified IF1 or the lipoprotein, but appeared when IF1 and the lipoprotein were mixed and aged together. Pretreatment of the mixture with 2-mercaptoethanol prior to electrophoresis did not remove the hybrid. More phospholipid was stripped from A particles by chemical uncouplers than by Ca2+ but less protein was stripped. Phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, lysophosphatidylcholine, and cardiolipin were identified in the phospholipid fractions. PMID- 6226348 TI - Control of branching during the biosynthesis of asparagine-linked oligosaccharides. AB - Many mammalian and avian complex carbohydrates (glycoproteins and glycolipids) have highly branched oligosaccharides. Although the function of complex carbohydrates is not known, there is evidence to suggest that oligosaccharide branching may be an important factor in the process by which cells recognize one another and their environment. Asparagine-linked (N-glycosyl) oligosaccharides can be subdivided into at least 12 classes according to their branching patterns. It is presently believed that these classes all stem from a common precursor oligosaccharide containing three D-glucose, nine D-mannose, and two N-acetyl-D glucosamine residues. This precursor is incorporated into the protein backbone in the rough endoplasmic reticulum and is then processed within the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus by a series of highly specific glycosidases and glycosyltransferases to yield the various classes of N-glycosyl oligosaccharides. The branches that occur in N-glycosyl oligosaccharides are usually initiated by the incorporation of a N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) residue. Our laboratory has studied four of the N-acetylglucosaminyltransferases (GlcNAc-transferases) involved in this initiation process. We have defined various factors which determine the synthetic pathway. There are at least three types of control that are commonly found. (i) Tissues differ in the relative activities of the different glycosyltransferases and glycosidases and, therefore, competition between two or more enzymes for a common intermediate often determines the synthetic route. (ii) The incorporation of a key glycosyl residue into an oligosaccharide may convert a nonsubstrate to a substrate for either a glycosyltransferase or a glycosidase. (iii) Conversely, the incorporation of a key residue may convert a substrate into a nonsubstrate. Other controls are undoubtedly operative during glycoprotein synthesis: e.g., the effect of the polypeptide sequence on transferase specificity, the distribution of transferases along the endomembrane system, and compartmentation and the availability of substrates and cofactors. These factors have not been studied in our laboratory. However, the oligosaccharides made by the hen oviduct correlate quite well with the control factors elucidated by our approach; other tissues are presently under investigation. Recent studies on the three-dimensional structures of N-glycosyl oligosaccharides have enabled us to explain certain features of glycosyltransferase substrate specificity on the basis of steric factors. PMID- 6226349 TI - Experimental colonization of vascular grafts with Staphylococcus aureus. AB - In an attempt to solve the problem of infection of arterial grafts, the authors designed an experimental model to reproduce, in vitro, hematogenous seeding of grafts with Staphylococcus aureus. The inoculum, containing an average of 10(7) viable bacterial cells per millilitre, was circulated through grafts of various types. Normal dog aortas were used as controls. They entrapped a mean of 8 bacteria/cm2. The prosthetic grafts, previously placed in dogs as femorofemoral arteriovenous bypasses for 2 hours, trapped many more cells: expanded polytetrafluoroethylene, 23 cells/cm2; bovine heterograft, 607 cells/cm2 and Dacron velour, 2801 cells/cm2. All cell counts were significantly (p less than 0.001) different from control values. Thoracoabdominal aortic bypass grafts implanted in dogs 2 months previously gave the following mean numbers of trapped bacteria: expanded polytetrafluoroethylene, 19 122 cells/cm2; bovine heterograft, 863 cells/cm2 and Dacron velour, 3500 cells/cm2. Polytetrafluoroethylene had significantly (p less than 0.001) higher numbers of trapped bacteria than any other type of prosthesis. The bacteria were located mainly on irregular fibrin strands and on surface defects of the grafts. The addition of cefazolin during the seeding process at concentrations 10 to 25 times the minimal inhibitory concentration did not decrease the numbers of bacteria in any graft. Bacterial colonization of prosthetic arterial grafts depends on the graft material and on the duration of implantation, but this study provided no answer to the controversial question of how to prevent arterial graft infections with antimicrobial agents in patients who undergo vascular procedures that expose them to bacteremia. PMID- 6226350 TI - The native child with cerebral palsy at a Children's Rehabilitation Centre. PMID- 6226352 TI - Primary hyperprolactinaemia and chronic anovulation: pathophysiology and management. PMID- 6226351 TI - Long acting injectable hormonal contraceptives. AB - Injectable hormonal preparations can be highly effective and satisfactory contraceptives. The two main preparations available today are depot medroxy progesterone acetate (DMPA) and norethisterone oenanthate (NET-OEN), but several other approaches are currently under clinical trial. Injectable contraceptives have some unique advantages which give them justifiably wide appeal amongst many groups of women. However, they do have a number of disadvantages including invariable menstrual disturbance and a delay in the return of fertility. One formulation of DMPA, Depo-Provera, is probably the most extensively investigated single hormonal contraceptive ever made. These studies indicate that it is remarkably safe and does not face any more unresolved issues than the combined pill, intrauterine device or tubal sterilization. However, for a number of disparate emotional and political reasons it has attracted the attention of several consumer and feminist groups, who have waged a prolonged and quite unjustified campaign against it. It is to be hoped that future debate will be conducted on a more informed, rational and less emotional basis. Injectable contraceptives should have an important place in the family planning armamentarium of all countries, and current developments should lead to a decrease in concerns about presently available agents. This should further increase the widespread acceptability of this approach to contraception. PMID- 6226353 TI - T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia. Clinical and immunologic characterization. AB - The clinical course of a patient with extensive skin involvement due to T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia is described. The malignant cells isolated from the patient's blood and skin were studied utilizing cytochemical analysis and multiple monoclonal antibodies directed against cell surface antigens. The leukemic cells displayed a surface antigen phenotype similar to that of normal post thymic suppressor T-cells. On the basis of this study together with the few published reports, it appears that T-prolymphocytic leukemia is derived from lymphocytes demonstrating either the suppressor or helper phenotype, and that extensive dermal infiltration may be independent of phenotypic classification. Although T-prolymphocytic leukemia shares certain morphologic, cytochemical, and immunologic features with chronic lymphocytic leukemia, it is an aggressive disease with an average survival of approximately 6 months and is best thought of as a distinct pathologic entity. PMID- 6226354 TI - Effect of ethanol on early stages in nitrosamine carcinogenesis in rat liver. AB - The effect of chronic alcohol consumption on the extent of adenosine triphosphatase(ATPase)-deficient preneoplastic lesions in rat liver induced by either diethylnitrosamine (DEN) (3 mg/kg, p.o.) or N-nitrosomorpholine (NNM) (40 ppm in the drinking water) was studied. Carcinogens were administered on 4 days in every week for 11 (DEN) and 15 (NNM) weeks, respectively. Ethanol was given at a concentration of 10% (w/v) in the drinking water either during carcinogen treatment or after withdrawal of carcinogen. An increase in both number and size of ATPase-deficient foci in liver was observed when the alcohol was given during the period of carcinogen administration. This increase may be associated with the known toxic action of ethanol which leads to single cell necrosis and liver regeneration. In contrast, when ethanol (10% in the drinking water for 16 weeks) was given after cessation of carcinogen treatment following a tumor-promotion feeding protocol, no such enhancement in preneoplastic response was obtained. Ethanol alone was ineffective in inducing ATPase-deficient foci. In liver, ethanol thus appears to possess, under certain conditions, co-carcinogenic but not tumor-promoting capacity. PMID- 6226355 TI - Enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of glycoconjugates. A UDP-2-acetamido-2 deoxy-D-glucose: beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1 leads to 4)-saccharide (1 leads to 3) 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D- glucopyranosyltransferase in human serum. AB - A 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranosyltransferase (N acetylglucosaminyltransferase) that catalyses the transfer of 2-acetamido-2-deoxy D-glucose from UDP-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glucose to terminal nonreducing beta-D galactosyl residues in disaccharides, oligosaccharides, glycoproteins, and glycolipids has been detected in human serum. The preferred acceptors are those with beta-D-galactosyl residues linked (1 leads to 4) to the subterminal sugar residue. Activity is greatest when the second sugar residue is 2-acetamido-2 deoxy-D-glucose but beta-D-Galp-(1 leads to 4)-D-Glc and beta-D-Galp-(1 leads to 4)-D-Man are also good acceptors. Compounds with beta-D-galactosyl groups linked (1 leads to 3) to 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glucose are relatively poor acceptors and beta-D-Galp-(1 leads to 6)-D-GlcNAc is inactive. Oligosaccharides substituted with an L-fucose unit on the beta-D-galactosyl unit or on the adjacent sugar residue failed to accept 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glucose. Similarly, glycoproteins with L-fucose or sialic acid substituents are less effective acceptors before removal of these sugars to expose more beta-D-galactosyl end-groups. The transferred 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranosyl residue is cleaved from the enzymic reaction products by the N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase from Jack beans. Methylation analysis of the products of 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glucosyl transfer to N-acetyllactosamine [beta-D-Galp-(1 leads to 4)-D-GlcNAc] and lactose [beta-D Galp-(1 leads to 4)-D-Glc] revealed that the terminal, nonreducing D-galactosyl group in both these acceptors had been 3-O-substituted with 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D glucose. Hence, the enzyme in human serum catalyses, in the presence of Mn2+, the reaction UDP-GlcNAc + beta-D-Galp-(1 leads to 4)-R leads to beta-D-GlcpNAc(1 leads to 3)-beta-D-Galp-(1 leads to 4)-R + UDP and is a UDP-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D glucose: beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1 leads to to 3)-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D glucopyranosyltransferase. PMID- 6226356 TI - The separation by liquid chromatography (under elevated pressure) of phenyl, benzyl, and O-nitrophenyl glycosides of oligosaccharides. Analysis of substrates and products for four N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-transferases involved in mucin synthesis. AB - Liquid chromatography under elevated pressure (h.p.l.c.) has been applied to the separation of the phenyl, benzyl, and O-nitrophenyl glycosides of 2-acetamido-2 deoxy-D-galactopyranose and of various mucin-type, di-, tri-, and tetra saccharides. The separations were carried out with a Whatman Partisil PXS 5/25 PAC column and various proportions of acetonitrile and water in the mobile phase. These methods were subsequently used to separate the substrates and products of the following N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase reactions: UDP-GlcNAc + beta-Gal-(1 leads to 3)-GalNAc-R leads to beta-Gal-(1 leads to 3)-[beta-GlcNAc-(1 leads to 6)]-GalNAc-R + UDP (1); UDP-GlcNAc + beta-Gal-(1 leads to 3)-[beta-GlcNAc-(1 leads to 6)]-GalNAc-R leads to beta-GlcNAc-(1 leads to 3)-beta-Gal-(1 leads to 3) [beta-GlcNAc-(1 leads to 6)]-GalNAc-R + UDP (2); UDP-GlcNAc + GalNAc-R' leads to beta-GlcNAc-(1 leads to 3)-GalNAc-R' + UDP (3); and UDP-GlcNAc + beta-GlcNAc-(1 leads to 3)-GalNAc-R' leads to beta-GlcNAc-(1 leads to 6)-[beta-GlcNAc-(1 leads to 3)]-GalNAc-R' + UDP (4), where R is = benzyl or o-nitrophenyl, and R' = benzyl or phenyl alpha-D-glycoside. Reaction 1 is catalyzed by a transferase in canine submaxillary glands and porcine gastric mucosa, and reaction 2 by an enzyme in porcine gastric mucosa. Enzyme activities catalyzing reactions 3 and 4 have recently been demonstrated in rat colonic mucosa. Liquid chromatography can be used at the preparative level for the purification and identification of the transferase products, and at the analytical level in the assay of glycosyltransferases. PMID- 6226357 TI - Potassium measurements in the extracellular spaces of normal and failing cat myocardium. AB - After periods of quiescence, papillary muscles and trabeculae from normal and hypertrophied-failing cat hearts were subjected to ionic stress induced by stimulation (drive) at different frequencies. Patterns of change in extracellular potassium concentration were measured using ion-selective microelectrodes and were shown to be significantly different in certain key parameters. In both types of tissue, extracellular potassium activity initially increased from the level in the bathing medium, reached a peak, and then returned toward the original levels. However, the time for this to occur was significantly longer in the hypertrophied failing muscles than in the normal controls. Also, after more than 5 min of drive, the potassium activity in the extracellular spaces was significantly higher in the hypertrophied-failing tissue than in the normal tissue. The results of these experiments indicate that there may be quantitative differences between normal and hypertrophied-failing cardiac muscles with regard to the regulation of ionic balance. PMID- 6226358 TI - Etodolac, aspirin, and placebo in patients with degenerative joint disease: a twelve-week study. AB - Thirty patients from a private practice were enrolled in an investigation designed to compare the efficacy and safety of a new nonsteroidal anti inflammatory drug, etodolac, with those of aspirin and placebo in ameliorating pain, inflammation, and functional deficits associated with degenerative joint disease. The 12-week, double-blind, parallel-group study was divided into drug titration and maintenance periods and was preceded by a washout period of up to two weeks. There were ten patients in each of the three treatment groups. The mean daily maintenance dosages of etodolac and aspirin were 384 mg and 4,322 mg, respectively. Etodolac was significantly (less than or equal to 0.05) more effective than placebo according to 11 of 15 clinical indexes of efficacy: three assessments of the range of motion of the knee joint, and one each of pain while standing, pain while walking, pain while climbing stairs, the average of pains while bearing weight, pain at night, joint tenderness, patient's self-evaluation, and the time required to walk 50 feet. Aspirin was significantly more effective than placebo in only three assessments: two of the range of motion of the knee joint and one of pain while standing. One patient taking etodolac, three patients taking aspirin, and six patients taking placebo withdrew from the trial because of insufficient therapeutic response. There were four withdrawals due to adverse effects, two in the aspirin group and two in the placebo group. Adverse effects (tinnitus and hearing loss) leading to withdrawal of one of the two aspirin patients were probably due to drug administration. No significant side effects were reported by patients in the etodolac group. PMID- 6226359 TI - Cerebrospinal fluid-contacting neurons, sensory pinealocytes and Landolt's clubs of the retina as revealed by means of an electron-microscopic immunoreaction against opsin. AB - Opsin-immunoreactive sites of hypothalamic cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-contacting neurons, pinealocytes and retinal cells were studied in various vertebrates (Carassius auratus, Phoxinus phoxinus, Triturus cristatus, Bombina bombina, Rana esculenta) by means of postembedding immuno-electron microscopy with the use of the protein A-gold labeling method. The retina of the rat served as a general reference tissue for the quality of the immunocytochemical reaction. A strong opsin immunoreaction (rat-antibovine opsin serum) was obtained in the rod-type outer segments of photoreceptors in the retina of all species studied. Cone-type outer segments exhibited only very few antigenic binding sites. In the pineal organ of the goldfish and the frog, outer segments of the photoreceptor cells displayed strong immunoreactivity. No immunoreaction was found in hypothalamic CSF-contacting neurons and Landolt's clubs of nerve cells of the bipolar layer of the retina. The morphological similarity between the ciliated dendritic terminal of the Landolt's club and the intraventricular dendritic ending of the CSF contacting neurons is emphasized. PMID- 6226360 TI - Cardiac complications in vascular procedures: comparison of percutaneous angioplasty and surgery. AB - Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) is currently recommended to high risk cardiac patients as a relatively safer procedure compared to reconstructive peripheral vascular surgery (RPVS). In order to evaluate this approach we studied the incidence of cardiac complications in 86 consecutive patients undergoing peripheral vascular procedures. 45 patients (Group I) underwent RPVS and 41 (Group II) PTA. The two groups were comparable regarding age, sex, the location of vascular lesions, the incidence of previous MI (Group I--40%, Group II--46%), and the incidence of angina pectoris (I--25%, II-29%). No special treatment or monitoring was used for patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD) in the PTA group. Successful revascularization was achieved in 36 (80%) of the surgical patients and 25 (61%) of the patients who underwent PTA. There were two anginal attacks, two MIs, and one cardiac death in group I compared to six anginas, three MIs, and one death in Group II. These differences are not statistically significant. It is concluded that PTA carries a definite risk of cardiac complications in patients with known IHD. PMID- 6226361 TI - Echocardiographic and hemodynamic findings in isolated symptomatic coarctation of the aorta in infancy. AB - Echocardiographic findings and cardiac catheterization data were evaluated in 18 infants less than 1 year old in order to define anatomical or pathophysiological features that were associated with early cardiac decompensation. The infants could be divided into three groups: Group I (10 patients) had left ventricular dilatation and depressed contractility in response to the severe systemic hypertension. Group II (3 patients) had marked myocardial hypertrophy In response to the systemic hypertension. Group III (5 patients) were the youngest patients and had findings of right ventricular volume overload and pulmonary hypertension. This study demonstrates that, in early infancy, the ventricular response to simple coarctation of the aorta is variable in infants in a state of cardiac decompensation. The different echocardiographic and hemodynamic findings may be a consequence of the lesion exerting its influence at various stages of the patients' intrauterine or postnatal life. In most patients, resection of the coarctation results in rapid normalization of the echocardiographic findings. PMID- 6226362 TI - Transpulmonary artery correction of anomalous origin of the left coronary artery by saphenous vein graft. AB - A transpulmonary saphenous vein graft was used to repair an anomalous origin of the Left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery (ALCAPA). Postoperative cardiac catheterization revealed correction of the previous systemic arterial to venous shunt and a patent intrapulmonary artery conduit. The patient has experienced substantial symptomatic and functional improvement from the operation operation despite development of mild pulmonary outflow obstruction. Saphenous vein transpulmonary artery correction for ALCAPA offers an alternative surgical approach and may be the procedure of choice when anatomy or prior surgery preclude the more standard modes of revascularization. PMID- 6226363 TI - Angioplasty catheter communication mimicking coronary arterial dissection. AB - We report a case in which a sudden communication between the pressure and balloon inflation lumens of a percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTCA) catheter angiographically mimicked dissection of the coronary artery. This case illustrates a previously undescribed catheter artifact that must be differentiated from other complications of PTCA. PMID- 6226364 TI - Differential effects of mutations on discrete steps in transcription initiation at the lambda PRE promoter. AB - The effects of cy mutations on transcription initiation at the lambda PRE promoter were determined using abortive initiation analysis (McClure, 1980). In the presence of lambda cll protein, which activates PRE, three mutations in the 10 region dramatically reduce k2, the forward rate constant for the isomerization of closed to open complexes, but only slightly affect KB, the equilibrium constant for the initial recognition by RNA polymerase to form closed complexes. In contrast, five -35 region mutations caused decreases of 30 to 150 times in KB with much smaller effects on k2. In the absence of cll protein, the effects of mutations in the -10 region are qualitatively similar to those observed in the presence of cll protein, although the reductions in k2 are much less dramatic. In contrast, none of the mutants with defects in the -35 region is distinguishable from wildtype PRE in the absence of cll protein. Thus RNA polymerase may recognize different sequences in the -35 region in the absence of cll protein than in its presence. PMID- 6226365 TI - tRNA gene transcription in yeast: effects of specified base substitutions in the intragenic promoter. AB - The yeast SUP53 gene encodes a leucine-inserting amber suppressor tRNA. We have introduced specific base substitutions into both 5' and 3' elements of the intragenic promoter of this tRNA gene. The influence of these sequence changes on promoter function has been investigated by transcription of the mutant genes in a homologous cell-free system. Our results do not support the idea that tertiary intragenic structure is important in tRNA gene transcription. For one of the SUP53 mutants we are able to suggest a plausible molecular basis for defective transcription: a single base substitution in the 3' element of the intragenic promoter prevents the interaction of this element with a putative transcription factor. PMID- 6226366 TI - Tumor promoter TPA increases initiation of replication on DNA injected into xenopus eggs. AB - The effect of the tumor promoter TPA on the control of DNA replication was assayed by following the regulated replication of DNA microinjected into eggs of the frog Xenopus laevis. TPA increases the amount of replication of injected DNA. Both initiation of replication on parental DNA molecules and reinitiation on previously replicated molecules are stimulated. Interaction with the external membrane appears necessary since injections of high concentrations of TPA into the egg are ineffective, whereas nM concentrations are active in the external medium. Related molecules that lack tumor promoting activity do not affect DNA replication. The effect of TPA on DNA replication was detectable only after the first cell cycle, and TPA cannot induce replication in oocytes, the quiescent stage which precedes the egg. When protein synthesis is inhibited TPA still increases initiation of replication, but does not allow detectable reinitiation cycles. The results suggest that interaction of TPA with the cell membrane is sufficient to increase the efficiency of replication initiation by a mechanism that does not require illegitimate reinitiation within a single cell cycle. PMID- 6226367 TI - [Anaerobic non-sporulating bacteria and purulent otitis media]. PMID- 6226368 TI - [Quantifying components of human complement. 2. Conditions of collecting and storing sera for the determination of the C3 component. Problems in the determination of the C3 component]. PMID- 6226369 TI - [Levels of tetanus antibodies in sera from population groups in Czechoslovakia divided by age and sex]. PMID- 6226370 TI - [Isolation of bacteria of the genus Campylobacter from clinical matter]. PMID- 6226371 TI - [Visualization of plasmid virulence and plasmid resistance in E. coli strains isolated from clinical matter]. PMID- 6226372 TI - [Active detection of nosocomial infections]. PMID- 6226373 TI - [Methods of determining antibiotic levels in body fluids. Review]. PMID- 6226374 TI - The handicapped in sports. AB - The first U.S.O.C. workshop on sports medicine for the handicaPped athlete led to several conclusions. First and foremost, the disabled athlete as an amateur athlete with a desire to participate must ever be uppermost in our minds, hearts, and planning. It appears that one of our chief objectives within the U.S.O.C. should be a central unifying force operating with joint support of the Sports Medicine Council and the Handicapped in Sports Committee, under the Sports Medicine Division. This arrangement will serve as an information and clearing center for the better understanding of each other and each organization of sports for the disabled athletes. We need to identify and classify for attention the common problems inherent among these groups and coordinate our various efforts. Fundamental to improvement in the application of sports medicine concepts is development of a definite plan for the education of voluntary coaches and trained or professionally prepared coaches, athletic trainers, physical therapists, and physicians. A variety of concurrent approaches are feasible with initiative and sharing of resources. An additional venture must be to begin pooling and computerizing our present and future information in this regard (professional articles and medical records) within the U.S.O.C. information retrieval system. This must be systematized so the pertinent information can then the disseminated and furnished nationwide to anyone or any group dealing with the disabled athlete in sports. Ultimately, our objective is to make this information available to all handicapped people.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6226375 TI - Back injuries in the athlete. AB - In summary, the approach to the athlete with low back pain must include an emphasis on aggressive nonoperative intervention, education, and rehabilitation. A diligent attempt must be made to establish a correct diagnosis, though this may be difficult at first. A firm diagnosis allows individualized treatment that meets the strenuous needs of the athlete. Work-up should be standardized to avoid missing what will appear obvious in retrospect. Unlike most of the general patient population, athletes are unlikely to tolerate a long period of "wait and see" therapy. It is necessary to have qualified allied health personnel who can perform a full spectrum to have qualified allied health personnel who can perform a full spectrum of exercise, mobilization, and modality therapies. Return to competition should be gradual but steady, as previous performance levels can usually be obtained following lumbar injuries. PMID- 6226376 TI - Biomechanics of the musculotendinous unit: relation to athletic performance and injury. PMID- 6226377 TI - [Familial occurrence of sarcoma]. PMID- 6226378 TI - Platinum complexes with anticancer potential and their evaluation by a colorimetric lambda prophage induction assay. AB - A simple biochemical phage induction assay (BIA) showed significant activity with 90% of the antitumor platinum compounds tested and lack of activity for all Pd(II) compounds and Pt(II) cationic complexes, compounds that are expected to be inactive. Structure-activity relationships for a large number of chemicals can be studied simultaneously by this simple, rapid, inexpensive and quantitative biochemical assay. Fifty-three platinum complexes were tested, including a number of ethylenediamines synthesized for this work. The magnitude of inducing activity varied over a 25-fold range; differences among analogs reflected structural differences in a chemically consistent manner. Seven platinum complexes showed greater activity than that of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) (cisplatin, cis DDP), while other compounds appeared to be substantially less toxic. The assay was predictive for most compounds with very high or very low activity in vivo against L1210. For compounds with intermediate levels of activity, no correlation between inducing and antitumor activity was observed. PMID- 6226380 TI - [Dynamic observation on systolic time interval determination in patients with acute myocardial infarction]. PMID- 6226379 TI - [Studies on pharmacological actions of total glycosides in Tripterygium wilfordii]. PMID- 6226381 TI - [Mechanism of carcinogenesis. VII. Biosynthesis of carbamyl phosphate synthetase I in vivo and in vitro in hepatocellular carcinoma and liver of rats fed with diethylnitrosamine]. PMID- 6226382 TI - [Structural analysis of a case of Hb I in combination with Hb E--a new complex type]. PMID- 6226383 TI - [A case of hemoglobin G Taipei of the Shui nationality]. PMID- 6226385 TI - [X-ray study on congenital gonadal dysgenesis (Turner's syndrome)]. PMID- 6226384 TI - [Structural analysis of a case of Hb Queens]. PMID- 6226386 TI - [Effect of Japanese encephalitis virus-specific transfer factor on adherent inhibitory activity of peritoneal exudate cells]. PMID- 6226387 TI - [Familial selective vitamin B12 malabsorption (Imerslund-Grasbeck syndrome)--a case report]. PMID- 6226388 TI - [Induction of sister chromatid exchanges and mutation in V79 cells by N-methyl-N nitrosourea]. PMID- 6226389 TI - [Determination of amino acid patterns in human plasma with liquid column chromatography]. PMID- 6226391 TI - [Studies on duck serum lipoproteins. II. Isolation, purification and characterization of duck serum high density lipoprotein]. PMID- 6226390 TI - [Defluorination of drinking water in the village of Xianshuizao and observation on endemic fluorosis prevention]. PMID- 6226392 TI - [Paper radioimmunosorbent test for determination of human serum total IgE and its clinical application]. PMID- 6226393 TI - [Biosynthesis of 16 14C-labeled amino acids]. PMID- 6226394 TI - [Total parenteral nutrition in the treatment of Crohn's disease]. PMID- 6226395 TI - [Benign nonspecific broncho-esophageal fistula]. PMID- 6226396 TI - [Bronchial carcinoid--a report of 4 cases]. PMID- 6226397 TI - [Preliminary study on hog E-rosette forming cells and alpha-naphthyl-acetate esterase positive cells]. PMID- 6226398 TI - [A survey on antibodies to respiratory syncytial virus in the sera of children in Beijing]. PMID- 6226399 TI - [Serum protein electrophoresis in liver diseases--analysis of 162 cases]. PMID- 6226401 TI - [Experimental study on increased griseofulvin bioavailability with p hydroxyacetophenone]. PMID- 6226400 TI - [Significance of serum immune complex and complement C3 in patients of typhoid fever]. PMID- 6226402 TI - [Toxicity of total glycosides in Tripterygium wilfordii]. PMID- 6226403 TI - [Studies on duck serum lipoproteins. III. Isolation, purification and properties of major apolipoprotein of duck high density lipoprotein]. PMID- 6226404 TI - [Comparative study on template activity and susceptibility to DNase I digestion of mouse liver and ascites hepatoma cell chromatin]. PMID- 6226405 TI - [The structure of hainanolide]. PMID- 6226406 TI - [Pneumoencephalography and ventriculography in diagnosis of intracranial non space occupying lesions]. PMID- 6226407 TI - [Histopathological study on the relationship between host reaction and prognosis in patients with cancer of the gastric cardia]. PMID- 6226408 TI - [Vectors of cloning system in Bacillus subtilis. I. Recombination of hybrid plasmids, pHE1-a and pHE1-b]. PMID- 6226409 TI - [Structure and function of Hb M Iwate in 2 cases]. PMID- 6226410 TI - [Epiharringtonine-induced enhancement of harringtonine inhibition on protein and DNA synthesis in tumor cells]. PMID- 6226411 TI - [Sister chromatid exchange induced by antitumor and antiparasitic drugs before and after activation by microsomal enzyme S-9]. PMID- 6226412 TI - [Studies on plasmid of the chuangxinmycin-producing strain. III. Screening of a non-producing mutant, HT52, of the chuangxinmycin-producing strain and identification of the plasmid by nitrocellulose membrane filters hybridization]. PMID- 6226413 TI - [Histogenesis of carcinoma of the gastric cardia]. PMID- 6226414 TI - [Geographical correlation between colorectal cancer and schistosomiasis in China]. PMID- 6226415 TI - [Microcapillary bilirubin assay for the newborn]. PMID- 6226416 TI - [Changes in plasma levels of prostaglandin E and F2 alpha in dogs in E coli endotoxic shock and in children suffering from epidemic meningococcal meningitis]. PMID- 6226417 TI - [Non-corticosteroid treatment of mild systemic lupus erythematosus]. PMID- 6226418 TI - [Urinary sodium and aldosterone excretion in normal subjects in various time periods and their relationship to 24 hour total excretions]. PMID- 6226419 TI - [Recombination of plasmid pBR322 and plasmid pCRI in vitro]. PMID- 6226420 TI - [Identification of Qin-Pi (Cortex fraxini) by ultraviolet spectrum]. PMID- 6226421 TI - [Processing of apricot kernels]. PMID- 6226422 TI - [Equipment and mechanization of the production of Chinese traditional medicine]. PMID- 6226423 TI - [Processing of Chinese traditional medicine by old timing methods]. PMID- 6226424 TI - [Analysis of chemical constituents of Jiang-Shi]. PMID- 6226425 TI - [Cultivation of Dioscorea---an important raw material for steroidal hormones]. PMID- 6226426 TI - [Determination of labelled sites in 3H-homoharringtonine]. PMID- 6226427 TI - [Experimental study on "18 against compatibilities" of Chinese traditional medicine--acute toxicity of Aconitum carmichaeli and Pinellia ternate]. PMID- 6226428 TI - [Preliminary studies on the toxicity of Dioscorea bulbifera on the liver and kidney]. PMID- 6226430 TI - [Latin titles in Chinese pharmacopeia 1977]. PMID- 6226429 TI - [Prevention of poisoning by Chinese traditional medicine--case reports in Beijing area]. PMID- 6226431 TI - [Remarks on Chinese materia medica (12)--Coptis root, a drug for clearing heat and drying wetness]. PMID- 6226432 TI - [Quantitative determination of water in crude drugs by gas chromatography]. PMID- 6226433 TI - [Clinical observation on the role of "Nourishing Shen Yin" and "Warming Shen Yang" in resistance to the suppression of the activity of hypothalamo-hypophyseal system aroused by short-term administration of dexamethasone]. PMID- 6226434 TI - [Treatment of amenorrhea due to hypothalamo-pituitary disorders by "tonifying the kidney and resolving phlegm"]. PMID- 6226435 TI - [Treatment of endometriosis by "activating blood circulation and removing stasis"]. PMID- 6226436 TI - [Treatment of collagen diseases and overlapping collagen diseases by "activating blood circulation and removing stasis" and immunological investigation]. PMID- 6226437 TI - [Treatment of systemic scleroderma with combined traditional Chinese and western medicine--analysis of 100 cases]. PMID- 6226438 TI - [Clinical observation on the treatment of asbestosis by "activating blood circulation and removing stasis"]. PMID- 6226439 TI - [Clinical analysis of 10 cases of drug-induced acute agranulocytosis treated by combined traditional Chinese and western medicine]. PMID- 6226440 TI - [Combined traditional Chinese and western medicine for the treatment of atrophic gastritis: report of 140 cases]. PMID- 6226442 TI - [Cerebral functions of the aged]. PMID- 6226443 TI - [Discussion on the diagnosis of the deficiency syndrome of the aged]. PMID- 6226441 TI - [X-ray observation of the gastrointestinal function in the deficiency syndrome of chronic bronchitis]. PMID- 6226444 TI - [Analysis of blood flow dynamics of the taut and slippery pulse]. PMID- 6226445 TI - [Effect of acupuncture on cerebral blood flow of cats with experimental cerebral ischemia]. PMID- 6226447 TI - [Prevention and treatment of gerontal diseases]. PMID- 6226446 TI - [Investigation on pathogenesis of traumatic diseases of the spinal column]. PMID- 6226448 TI - [Research on X-ray diagnostics based on the theory of traditional Chinese medicine]. PMID- 6226449 TI - [Rheum and other individual medicinal herbs for the treatment of gastric hemorrhage]. PMID- 6226450 TI - [Advances in the research of combined traditional Chinese and western medicine for the treatment of acute abdomen]. PMID- 6226451 TI - [BCG and leprosy]. PMID- 6226452 TI - Mechanism of cytotoxic activity of 5'-deoxy-5-fluorouridine. AB - The purpose of these studies was to characterize the effect of the new fluoropyrimidine nucleoside 5'-deoxy-5-fluorouridine (5'dFUrd) on macromolecular processes in correlation with its cytotoxicity in Ehrlich ascites tumor cells. Following a 2-h exposure, 5'-dFUrd exhibited an LD50 (as determined by clonogenicity) of 48 microM. In cells supplemented with 10 microM dThd, the LD50 for 5'-dFUrd increased to 660 microM. DNA synthesis was markedly and rapidly suppressed by all cytotoxic concentrations of 5'-dFUrd. There was no apparent direct measurable effect of 5'-dFUrd on either RNA or protein synthesis, although both were suppressed 24 h after the drug exposure. Thymidylate synthetase activity was completely inhibited by all cytotoxic concentrations of 5'-dFUrd. FUra incorporation into RNA was also measured and appeared to correlate with the dThd-nonreversible toxicity of 5'-dFUrd. These studies indicate that the mechanism of 5'-dFUrd cytotoxicity is directly analogous to that reported for 5 fluorouracil. The inhibition of thymidylate synthetase leading to an inhibition of DNA synthesis was the most potent cytotoxic mechanism (i.e., dThd-reversible) for 5'-dFUrd, and was found to be highly time-dependent. Higher concentrations of 5'-dFUrd resulted in dThd-nonreversible toxicity, which appeared to be related to the incorporation of FUra into RNA. PMID- 6226453 TI - Activation of contraction and ATPase activity in intact and chemically skinned smooth muscle of rat portal vein. Dependence on Ca++ and muscle length. AB - The mechanical manifestations of muscle contraction (force development or shortening) are accompanied by an increased turnover of chemical energy (ATPase activity, JATP). In intact rat portal veins activated by high potassium medium to produce graded contractions at different levels of extracellular calcium, a linear dependence of oxygen consumption on force was found. The slope of the relation (metabolic tension cost) was higher during early stages than during late stages of contraction, possibly reflecting a transient high crossbridge ATP turnover rate. Chemically skinned (Triton X-100) rat portal vein preparations were used to study the energy turnover of the smooth muscle contractile system under constant activation. In these preparations, JATP increased on activation by calcium in the presence of 1 microM calmodulin, remained constant for maintained contractures, and decreased promptly on relaxation. Force declined with each repeated contraction at optimal calcium level (10(-4.5) M), but the relation between force and JATP remained invariant and agreed with that of the intact muscle during the transient of high ATP turnover. Calcium activation in the range 10(-9) to 10(-4.5) M caused a progressively steeper (nonlinear) increase in JATP with force. Length-force relations showed a lower relative force at muscle lengths below L0 in the intact than in the skinned tissue, possibly indicating depression of excitation-contraction coupling. The slope of the relation between JATP and force was lower when length was varied than when calcium was varied. At a length where no external force was produced, the activated muscle had a significantly higher JATP than while relaxed (10(-9) M Ca++).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6226454 TI - Induction of suppressor T cells in asthmatic children by theophylline treatment. AB - The absolute T-cell numbers and function, and the T-suppressor-cell subset were tested in eleven children with extrinsic asthma prior to and 1 month after theophylline treatment. Low mean T-suppressor-cell number and function was found in the asthmatic children, which returned to normal levels and function after 1 month of theophylline treatment. A normal mean T-cell number was found in this group of children prior to, and 1 month after, theophylline treatment. An obvious correlation between the clinical severity of the asthma and the number of T suppressor cells was found. It is suggested that theophylline most probably activated the T suppressor cells in the asthmatic children. PMID- 6226455 TI - Concentrations of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate in the plasma of normal and abnormal women. PMID- 6226456 TI - T-lymphocyte subsets in normal menstrual cycle. AB - OKT3, OKT4, OKT8 positive cells levels were evaluated in 27 healthy volunteers, during preovulatory phase, luteal phase and menstrual period. OKT3, OKT4 positive cells showed no statistical difference over the three periods, while OKT8 positive cells decrease in preovulatory phase compared to both luteal phase (p less than 0.05) and menstrual period (p less than 0.02). A possible immunoregulatory function of oestrogens is discussed. PMID- 6226457 TI - Selenium, zinc and copper in Down's syndrome (trisomy 21): blood levels and relations with glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase. AB - Increased superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities have been reported in erythrocytes of subjects with Down's syndrome. Since these enzymes contain specific trace-elements as essential components, we have determined copper, zinc and selenium levels in plasma and erythrocytes of 29 trisomy 21 patients compared with 32 age-matched controls and examined the relations with the enzymes' activities. In plasma, mean zinc and copper levels were normal, but selenium was found to be significantly decreased (p less than 0.001). In red cells, the increase of activity of the selenoenzyme glutathione peroxidase (p less than 0.001) was not accompanied by an increase of erythrocyte selenium, but a significant correlation was found between these two values (r = 0.67, p less than 0.001). Zinc and copper levels in red cells were significantly higher than normal (p less than 0.001) and this increase could be partly explained by the increased activity of the copper and zinc containing enzyme superoxide dismutase (p less than 0.001). Low plasma selenium and the strong relation between erythrocyte selenium and glutathione peroxidase activity we found in Down's syndrome should stimulate interest in a more detailed investigation of selenium status and metabolism of these patients. PMID- 6226458 TI - Tay-Sachs disease: one-step assay of beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase in serum with a sulphated chromogenic substrate. AB - A sulphated chromogenic compound, p-nitrophenyl-6-sulpho-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta D-glucopyranoside, which can be hydrolysed enzymatically to p-nitrophenol and the sulphated amino sugar, was used as a substrate for the determination of activity of beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase isoenzymes in human serum. The sera of six Tay Sachs patients lacking isoenzyme A and heat-inactivated control serum exhibited 6% of the mean normal enzyme activity of 1.32 U/l (1-s range = 1.07-1.57 U/l). In 10 obligate carriers of the Tay-Sachs gene the enzyme activity was 52% (1-s range = 45-60%) of the mean normal value. Therefore, by using the sulphated chromogenic substrate Tay-Sachs disease can be diagnosed enzymatically in a simple one-step procedure, but the 2-s activity ranges of heterozygotes and normals overlap. The assay is not absolutely specific for isoenzyme A of beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase, because the substrate can be hydrolysed to a certain extent by beta-N acetylhexosaminidase I. PMID- 6226459 TI - Prenatal diagnosis of Tay-Sachs disease with heat-labile beta-hexosaminidase B. AB - Two consecutive pregnancies at risk for Tay-Sachs disease with heat-labile beta hexosaminidase B were monitored. Differential isozyme detection of beta hexosaminidase in cell free amniotic fluid by DEAE cellulose column chromatography and cellulose acetate paper electrophoresis showed an affected fetus in the first pregnancy and an unaffected in the second. These results were confirmed in the aborted fetus and in a newborn baby, respectively. PMID- 6226461 TI - Is there a predisposition for meiotic nondisjunction that may be detected by mitotic hyperploidy? AB - The aneuploidy frequencies have been studied in vitro in lymphocytes from couples with recurrent abortions, from parents of a trisomic child and from control couples with at least two normal children; c-heterochromatin variants have been analysed on the same samples by length measurements. A significant increase of hyperploid cells has been observed in the lymphocytes from parents of a trisomic child and couples with recurrent abortions as well. However, no consistent correlation has been found so far between c-heterochromatin variants and an increase of aneuploidy. PMID- 6226460 TI - Inhibition of 3-beta-hydroxy steroid dehydrogenase activity in first trimester human pregnancy with trilostane and WIN 32729. AB - The effects of equivalent doses of two inhibitors of the 3-beta-hydroxy steroid dehydrogenase enzyme system--WIN 24540 (trilostane) and WIN 32729--on the secretion of progesterone in early human pregnancy are described. Patients and controls less than 12 weeks pregnant were given a single dose of either drug and the resultant hormonal changes monitored for 7 1/2 h. A consistent fall in plasma progesterone concentrations occurred at all doses and, at the highest dose, they fell to less than 50% of pre-treatment levels. However, whilst with trilostane the associated increase in plasma concentrations of pregnenolone was always accompanied by a rise in plasma DHA concentrations, with WIN 32729 there appeared to be no adrenal effect at the lower dosage levels. These data demonstrate inhibition of progesterone secretion in human pregnancy using non-hormonally active steroids. The pattern of steroid precursors indicates that while both drugs inhibit 3-beta-hydroxy steroid dehydrogenase activity, WIN 32729 is more selective and only interferes with adrenal steroid biosynthesis at high doses. PMID- 6226462 TI - A new form of residual hexosaminidase activity in infantile Tay Sachs disease fibroblasts. AB - Fibroblast cell lines obtained from five patients with the early onset form of Tay Sachs disease (TSD) possess a species of beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase (Hex) which is more anionic than Hex B but which is stable to heating under conditions which completely inactivate Hex A. This species, which comprised between 3 and 20% of the total hexosaminidase activity in homozygous TSD fibroblasts, appeared to be unstable and upon isoelectric focussing produced a mixture of Hex B (pI = 7.2) and an isozyme with a pI of 6.2. This intermediate form of hexosaminidase was not seen in two normal fibroblast cell lines but was observed following anion exchange chromatography of extracts of fibroblast cell lines obtained from two obligate heterozygotes. A species of hexosaminidase with the same chromatographic properties, thermostability and isoelectric point as the intermediate form found in fibroblasts with the TSD genotypes can be recovered after anion exchange chromatography of a partially purified preparation of human liver Hex A that had been treated with merthiolate. We hypothesize that in TSD cells a form of the beta subunit which is usually incorporated into Hex A accumulates due to the absence of alpha subunits. This form of the beta subunit is more anionic than the beta subunit found in Hex B. In the absence of alpha subunits these anionic beta subunits form tetramers with a pI = 6.2. This form of the enzyme is unstable in the presence of cellular proteases and may be modified to Hexosaminidase B. PMID- 6226463 TI - Acne fulminans--report of a case with polyarthritis. PMID- 6226464 TI - Glomerular and vascular IgG deposits in HgCl2 nephritis: role of circulating antibodies and of immune complexes. AB - The respective roles of circulating anti-glomerular basement membrane antibodies and of circulating immune complexes in the appearance of glomerular linear and granular IgG deposition during HgCl2-induced glomerulonephritis in the Brown Norway rat has been studied. Syngeneic kidney transplantations have been performed at various phases of the disease. Results show that circulating antibodies are responsible for linear IgG deposition which did not change to granular deposits during the course of the disease. Electron-dense subepithelial deposits occurred only when circulating immune complexes were detected. These experiments strongly suggest that, in the mercury model, circulating immune complexes are responsible for granular IgG deposits observed in arteries and in the subepithelial space of glomeruli. PMID- 6226465 TI - Suppressor cell numbers and activity in non-transfused renal dialysis patients. AB - Suppressor cell activity was studied in 30-non-transfused renal dialysis patients using the Concanavalin A enhancement method. Suppressor cell numbers were estimated in 19 patients by the T suppressor (T gamma) rosette technique and in 15 patients using a monoclonal antibody (OKT8) specific for T suppressor cells. The role of prostaglandin secreting monocytes in the observed suppression was investigated in 6 patients using the prostaglandin secreting inhibitor flurbiprofen. Both suppressor cell numbers and activity were either normal or low compared with normal healthy controls. Flurbiprofen at concentrations of 10(-4) and 10(-6) M caused a decrease in activity in both patients and normal controls. The results indicate that the increased suppressor cell activity and number reported in dialysis patients may be due to the effect of blood transfusion previously administered to the patients. PMID- 6226466 TI - A quantitative relationship of electrocardiographic criteria of left ventricular hypertrophy with echocardiographic left ventricular mass: a multivariate approach. AB - The purpose of this study was to evaluate the sensitivity of various electrocardiographic (EKG) criteria of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) in relation to echocardiographic left ventricular mass (LVME) and to assess the relative strength of various EKG variables used in the diagnosis of LVH by multivariate analysis. An attempt was also made to determine if a new combination of precordial and T-wave voltage could improve the sensitivity of EKG. In 89 patients, M-mode echocardiograms and standard EKGs were studied. Correlation of Romhilt-Estes point-score system with LVME was r = 0.621, sensitivity and specificity was 57 and 81%, respectively. Other voltage criteria had lower sensitivity. Various combinations of precordial and T-wave voltage were not superior. The quantitative relationship of individual EKG variable, QRS duration, S V1-3, R V4-6, strain T wave, left atrial abnormality, intrinsicoid deflection and axis, with LVM was, r = 0.661, 0.595, 0.429, 0.42, 0.347, and 0.225, respectively. By multivariate analysis, QRS duration, S V1-3, T-wave and R V4-6 voltage had F-value (relative strength) of 27.95, 27.15, 22.02, and 4.03, respectively, other variables were statistically insignificant. In conclusion, the most important EKG variables predictive of LVH are QRS duration, S V1-3, strain T-wave and lateral voltage in decreasing value. Rescoring these variables in accordance to their correlation to LVM may improve EKG sensitivity for the diagnosis of LVH. PMID- 6226467 TI - Prenatal pathology in mucopolysaccharidoses: a comparison with postnatal cases. AB - Morphologic data from four fetal cases of mucopolysaccharidoses (2 MPS 1 H, 1 MPS 2, 1 MPS 3 A) are compared with six postnatal observations (2 MPS 1 H, 1 MPS 1 H- 1S, 1 MPS 2, 1 MPS 3A, 1 MPS 3C) and to age-matched controls. Since most of the lesions are difficult to analyze in fetuses by light microscopy, standard electron microscopic techniques have been used to check the structure of representative levels in the nervous system and visceral organs. The following conclusions are drawn in this comparative study: (1) prenatal MPS cases are already affected at an early fetal age; (2) in affected fetuses, the intraneuronal storage is much more severe in the more mature neurons, e.g., anterior horn cells, spinal ganglionic, and myenteric neurons; and (3) fetal types cannot be individualized by morphologic techniques, any more than the postnatal MPS 1, 2, and 3 cases. PMID- 6226468 TI - The role of Tc-99m MDP and Ga-67 citrate in predicting the cure of osteomyelitis. AB - Twenty rabbits with chronic osteomyelitis of the tibia were treated for eight weeks and then scanned with Tc-99m MDP and Ga-67 citrate. All were sacrificed and bacteriologic cultures of the tibia were obtained. All rabbits had positive Tc 99m MDP scans at the end of treatment despite thirteen cures of osteomyelitis. Eight had negative gallium scans and negative cultures. Five of the twelve positive gallium scans had negative cultures, while seven had positive cultures. Tc-99m MDP alone is not sensitive enough to be useful in predicting the cure of osteomyelitis, and combining Tc-99m MDP and Ga-67 citrate scintigrams offers no additional information over the Ga-67 citrate scintigram alone in follow-up of osteomyelitis. PMID- 6226469 TI - Myocardial uptake. An unexpected finding in an oncology follow-up. PMID- 6226470 TI - Cavo-portal shunting in superior and inferior vena caval obstruction. AB - Focal radionuclide accumulation of Tc-99m sulfur colloid (SC) and tc-99m macroaggregated albumin (MAA) in the liver has been reported in both inferior and superior vena caval obstruction. We studied a patient with uniform radionuclide accumulation of Tc-99m MAA in the liver during lung scintigraphy. In this patient, both the superior vena cava (SVC) and the inferior vena cava (IVC) were obstructed. Most of the systemic venous return appeared to be passing through the liver on its way to the heart, through the anastomoses between the systemic veins and the portal vein. The the best of our knowledge, uniform hepatic uptake in vena caval obstruction is not reported in the literature. PMID- 6226472 TI - An instrument for measuring small flows during biliary tract surgery. PMID- 6226473 TI - Effect of injection volume on the bioavailability of sterile medroxyprogesterone acetate suspension. AB - The influence of injection volume on the absorption and bioavailability of medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) was studied. A single i.m. injection of MPA 400 mg was administered to 24 healthy men; 12 of the subjects received 4 ml of a 100 mg/ml suspension of the drug, and the other 12 subjects were given 1 ml of a 400 mg/ml suspension. Blood samples for MPA determinations were collected periodically during a 202-day period after drug administration. Mean steady-state serum concentrations of MPA were simulated from single-dose data to reflect those achieved after standard dosage regimens. Values for area under the serum concentration-time curve and time required to reach peak serum concentrations were compared between subjects receiving different injection volumes of MPA. Mean peak serum concentration were significantly higher and occurred significantly sooner in subjects receiving the 4-ml injection of MPA than in those given the 1 ml injection. No significant differences in areas under the serum concentration time curve were noted in subjects receiving different injection volumes. The rate but not the extent of absorption of injectable MPA suspension is enhanced by increasing the injection volume of equivalent doses from 1 ml to 4 ml. PMID- 6226474 TI - Diagnosis and treatment of Paget's disease of bone. PMID- 6226471 TI - Clinical pharmacokinetics of fentanyl and its newer derivatives. AB - Fentanyl, a synthetic opiate with a (clinical) potency of 50 to 100 times that of morphine, was introduced into clinical practice in the early 1960s. Usually administered by single intravenous doses, it developed a reputation for having a short duration of action and it was assumed that this was a consequence of rapid removal from the body. However, as clinical experience increased, it was realised that administration of multiple doses or large doses during narcotic-based anaesthesia sometimes led to delayed recovery and prolonged respiratory depression, suggesting that the duration of action was limited by redistribution within the body rather than removal from the body. Recent developments in analytical techniques have allowed pharmacokinetic studies and these have confirmed this opinion; fentanyl is rightly regarded as having a redistribution limited duration of action after single or infrequent doses (analogous to thiopentone). However, the magnitude of the pharmacokinetic constants reported for fentanyl are remarkably inconsistent even in healthy volunteers, for reasons apparently only explainable by assay differences. Hence, estimates of apparent volume of distribution (area) range from around 60L to over 300L, estimates of terminal half-life range from about 1.5 to 6 hours (15 hours in geriatric patients) and total body clearance ranges from 0.4 to over 1.5 L/min. Renal excretion accounts for up to 10% of the dose; the remainder of the clearance would appear to be predominantly hepatic, but with contributions from other tissues. Continued clinical developments of narcotic-based anaesthetic techniques have resulted in high doses of narcotic being used, with oxygen, as the sole anaesthetic agents. At present these techniques are usually based on fentanyl, and the technique is frequently called 'stress-free anaesthesia' because of the effects in obtunding the 'stress response' caused by surgery (elevation of plasma concentrations of cortisol, glucose, ADH, etc. in the intra- and post-operative period) and the lack of deleterious effects on the cardiovascular system.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6226475 TI - Pathophysiology and modern management of Paget's disease. AB - Paget's disease of bone is a slowly progressive and frequently disabling disorder of unknown cause. Recent evidence suggests that it may be associated with a viral infection. Until the late 1960s, no effective treatments were available. Now there are three that are suppressive and useful for symptomatic relief. Recent studies suggest that it may be possible to produce permanent remissions of the disease and thus prevent complications. PMID- 6226476 TI - Community mental health center readiness to comply with Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act. AB - The purpose of this study was to assess the state of CMHC readiness for compliance with the provisions of Section 504 of the rehabilitation Act of 1973, and as amended. Data reported are responses to a mailed survey to 80% of the CMHCs nationally; 26% of the CMHCs in the sample responded. The survey was done six months prior to the time in which full compliance was required by regulation. The findings were (a) only 14% of all respondent CMHCs completed the compliance steps required by Section 504; (b) site accessibility and program accessibility generally were better for mobility impaired than for hearing or vision impaired consumers; (c) 87% of respondent CMHCs had no equipment for telephone access by deaf persons, but 35.4% reported clinical personnel with sign language ability; and (d) for those few (N = 24) CMHCs who reported being threatened by DHEW with sanctions for non-compliance, positive steps towards compliance were in most instances twice as likely as for the majority of CMHCs that were not so threatened. PMID- 6226477 TI - Occupational dermatoses in hospital cleaning women. AB - In an investigation of 541 members of a hospital cleaning department, a prevalence rate of occupational skin diseases of 15.3% was found. During their hospital employment, 39.1% had a skin disease. Higher prevalence in the younger age groups can be explained by the selection of those with skin diseases for work away from the cleaning department. A large number developed their disease shortly after employment began. This was an indication that the observed prevalent conditions were irritant diseases. The distribution by diagnosis confirms this conclusion in as much as 75% of the occupational skin diseases were irritant dermatitis, 21% allergic contact dermatitis, and 4% monilia of the finger webs. The causes of allergic contact dermatitis were found to be formaldehyde, glutaraldehyde and chloramine in addition to nickel and rubber. Among the causes of irritant dermatitis were detergents, alkaline substances, acids and sodium perborate as well as hypochlorite and hypobromite combinations. In order to reduce occupational skin diseases among cleaning personnel, it is necessary to extend both local and more general prophylactic measures. PMID- 6226478 TI - Contact allergy to petrolatums. (III). Allergenicity prediction and pharmacopoeial requirements. AB - Several pharmacopoeias set limits on the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon content in petrolatum. UV absorbance measurement of aromatic extracts of petrolatum samples has been shown to be a more reliable method than direct UV absorbance measurement as prescribed by several pharmacopoeias for the determination of that content, but the presence of allergenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons does not always correlate with lower UV absorbance. Biological tests are ultimately the only certain method of detecting biologically active compounds. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons can also be irritant and carcinogenic. Therefore, universally uniform and very stringent limits should be set restricting their presence in pharmaceutical grade petrolatum. PMID- 6226479 TI - Cutaneous implications of excessive heat in the work-place. AB - 6 patients developed a rash while working in a dry battery manufacturing industry. Patch tests showed that clothing accounted for the dermatitis in 5 of the patients. One of them who worked with bitumen had an acneiform eruption and eye irritation. Environmental measurements indicated excessive environmental heat, sweating and maceration as predisposing factors for the development of clothing dermatitis in workers who wore dark coloured uniforms. The working posture also made the anterior abdominal wall highly vulnerable. PMID- 6226480 TI - Oral challenge with metal salts. (I). Vesicular patch-test-negative hand eczema. AB - 202 patients, 68 males and 134 females, with patch-test-negative, symmetrical vesicular hand eczema were challenged orally in a controlled study with 2.5 mg nickel, 2.5 mg chromium and 1 mg cobalt given as salts of the respective metals. Initially a mixture of the 3 metal salts was given, and if this produced a flare of the eczema, the salts were administered individually at 1 week intervals. 55 patients reacted to the mixture of salts as well as to 1 or 2 of the individual salts. 3 other patients were challenged openly with nickel alone. Male patients reacted primarily to chromate and cobalt, while female patients more commonly reacted to nickel and cobalt. 56 patients were instructed to follow diets planned to reduce the daily intake of the respective metals. The dermatitis of 36 patients cleared or improved markedly after 1 month of dieting. Responses to a questionnaire sent to these 36 patients indicated that 28 of them had followed the prescribed diet rigorously or intermittently for at least a year, because they experienced recurrence of the dermatitis if they stopped dieting. 6 noted no long-term benefit and 2 did not respond. PMID- 6226481 TI - Contact dermatitis to a new biocide (Tektamer 38) used in a paste glue formulation. PMID- 6226482 TI - Drug reaction from oxyphenbutazone. PMID- 6226483 TI - Cement burns. PMID- 6226484 TI - Latent period before detection of occupational allergen. PMID- 6226485 TI - Occupational dermatitis in a bee-keeper. PMID- 6226486 TI - Documentation for workers' compensation dermatitis. PMID- 6226487 TI - Contact sensitivity to trinitrotoluene. PMID- 6226488 TI - Multinational comparative clinical trial of long-acting injectable contraceptives: norethisterone enanthate given in two dosage regimens and depot medroxyprogesterone acetate. Final report. AB - Final results are presented from a two-year WHO multinational comparative trial of three regimens: depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) given at 90-day intervals, norethisterone enanthate (NET-EN) given at 60-day intervals for the entire study period (NET-EN (60-day)), and NET-EN given at 60-day intervals for six months and thereafter at 84-day intervals (NET-EN (84-day)). 1587 DMPA subjects were observed for 20,550 woman-months, 789 NET-EN (60-day) subjects were observed for 10,361 woman-months, and 796 NET-EN (84-day) subjects were observed for 10,331 woman-months. This clinical trial represents the largest clinical trial undertaken on injectable contraceptives. After two years, the pregnancy rate with NET-EN (84-day) was 1.4 (+/- 0.6 S.E.) per 100 women, as compared with the two-year rates of 0.4 (+/- 0.3 S.E.) per 100 women observed with DMPA and 0.4 (+/- 0.2 S.E.) with NET-EN (60-day). Both discontinuation rates for amenorrhea and the prevalence of amenorrhea lasting more than 90 days were significantly higher with DMPA than with either NET-EN regimen. Terminations for bleeding problems were similar with the three treatments, despite a better cyclic pattern for the first six months with the NET-EN regimens. The three treatments were comparable with respect to discontinuation rates for other medical or personal reasons, and for all reasons combined. For family planning programs, NET-EN (60 day) has the advantage of low pregnancy rates compared to NET-EN (84-day), and a schedule of administration that does not change. Both NET-EN regimens produce less amenorrhea than DMPA. However, the NET-EN (60-day) regimen has the logistic and economic disadvantage of requiring more frequent injections. All three injectable regimens compare favourably with oral contraceptives in terms of pregnancy and total continuation rates observed in clinical trial settings. PMID- 6226489 TI - Monoclonal antibodies to rabbit corneal keratan sulfate proteoglycan. AB - Six mouse hybrid cell lines were isolated which secrete antibodies to rabbit corneal proteoglycan. All six antibodies interacted with the same fraction of the proteoglycan, precipitating approximately 50% of proteoglycan labelled in the protein moiety. A radioimmunoassay using these antibodies measured concentrations as low as 1 g/ml unlabelled rabbit corneal proteoglycan. Human corneal proteoglycan, corneal keratan sulfate, and an oligosaccharide fraction from corneal digests all interacted with the antibodies at concentrations similar to whole rabbit proteoglycan. Proteoglycans from cultured rabbit stromal fibroblasts and from sclera were 20 to 50-fold less effective in competition for antibody. Endo-beta-galactosidase treatment of proteoglycan reduced antibody binding, but protease or chondroitinase treatments did not. Labelled proteoglycan separated by antibody affinity chromatography contained only keratan sulfate, whereas proteoglycan not bound to affinity columns contained only chondroitin sulfate. The antibodies appear to recognise a carbohydrate structure found only on corneal keratan sulfate proteoglycan. This structure can serve as a basis for separation. This structure can serve as a basis for separation of corneal proteoglycan types using antibody affinity chromatography. PMID- 6226490 TI - Systemic side-effects of three topical steroids in diseased skin. AB - Two clinical trials were carried out in order to study adrenal suppression in 6 patients with psoriatic erythroderma and in 28 patients with psoriasis treated with topical glucocorticosteroids. Betamethasone-17-valerate (0.1%), betamethasone-17,21-dipropionate (0.05%) and budesonide (0.025%) ointments were studied in erythroderma; betamethasone-17,21-dipropionate and budesonide in psoriasis. The erythroderma study was an open, crossover experiment; the psoriasis study was a double-blind, group-comparative study. Adrenal suppression was measured as plasma cortisol concentrations with and without ACTH stimulation. The depressive activity on the HPA-axis in increasing order was budesonide, betamethasone-17-valerate and betamethasone-17,21-dipropionate. The differences, however, did not reach statistically significant levels. PMID- 6226491 TI - Allergic contact dermatitis to penicillin and streptomycin. PMID- 6226492 TI - Insulin hypersensitivity. PMID- 6226493 TI - Annular facial dermatoses in blacks. AB - Annular facial dermatoses in blacks are common. Although the diagnosis of these dermatoses is usually made without difficulty, occasionally problems are encountered. A patient with annular seborrheic dermatitis that closely resembled the annular lesions of secondary syphilis is presented. The differential diagnosis of annular facial lesions in the black patient is then briefly reviewed. PMID- 6226494 TI - Hair and scalp disorders in blacks. AB - Hair and scalp disorders in blacks and the properties of hair in blacks that make it behave differently are described. Hair disorders commonly seen now are the result of permanent and relaxer damage, heat, and traction alopecias. Presently, the most common scalp disorders in blacks are keloidal folliculitis and dissecting cellulitis of the scalp. Treatment modalities for these disorders are reviewed. PMID- 6226495 TI - Dermatosis papulosa nigra. AB - The incidence and natural history of dermatosis papulosa nigra was assessed in eighty-two black patients. The overall incidence in the study population was 77 percent, with a predominance in women of almost 2:1. Fifty-four percent of these patients reported that other members of their families were also affected. The peak incidence and number of lesions occurred in those patients in their sixties. Fair-complexioned blacks had the lowest frequency of involvement. These findings confirm those of other investigators; however, we report a higher than average incidence of involvement in the population we studied. PMID- 6226496 TI - Incidence of common dermatoses in a predominantly black dermatologic practice. AB - A study was done to determine the frequency of common dermatoses seen in private dermatology practices composed of predominantly black patients. This was then compared to similar previous studies. New trends in common dermatoses in private black patients were found. The most common dermatosis noted was acne vulgaris, followed by eczema, pigmentary disorders, seborrheic dermatitis, and alopecias. PMID- 6226497 TI - Quantitation of fibrosis of the heart in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with and without cor pulmonale. AB - This study examined the hearts of 55 patients dying of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, with and without cor pulmonale, quantitated histologically the degree of myocardial fibrosis in the left and right ventricle, and determined the relationship to associated disease states. Comparison has been made to a control group of 17 patients free of cardiopulmonary disease. Patients with associated and advanced ischemic heart disease, as proved by marked atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction, have significantly increased myocardial fibrosis throughout all layers of the left ventricular wall in comparison to control patients or patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease free of associated cardiac disease. Right ventricular fibrosis was not significantly increased; however, one case showed a marked degree of fibrosis related to myocardial infarction. Subdivision of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease into groups with definite anatomic right ventricular hypertrophy, a clinical diagnosis of cor pulmonale, or with chronic hypoxemia failed to show any difference in the percentage of myocardial fibrosis of the ventricles among these groups. Increased fibrosis of the right or left ventricle in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, therefore, is not related to the degree of myocardial hypertrophy pathologically, the hypoxemic state, or clinical heart failure, but to ischemic heart disease with myocardial infarction. PMID- 6226498 TI - Mother-child interactions involving two-year-olds with Down syndrome: a look at individual differences. AB - Individual differences in mother-child interaction patterns involving 18 2-year olds with Down syndrome were examined. Ratings of maternal, child, and dyadic qualities observed in semistructured free play interactions were intercorrelated, and also correlated with Bayley MDI scores. Results indicated that social initiative, social responsivity, and play maturity of the children were positively intercorrelated and significantly correlated with MDI. Maternal sensitivity, elaborativeness, stimulation value, and mood were positively intercorrelated, with stimulation value being the major maternal quality found to be positively correlated with child MDI. A dyadic rating of mutuality was also positively correlated with child MDI. Of special interest was the finding that maternal directiveness and sensitivity were separable dimensions of maternal style, with directiveness as an isolated dimension found to be unrelated to MDI or to other maternal qualities. Exploratory analyses of subgroups of mothers, however, suggested that directiveness and sensitivity interrelated in a number of different patterns. PMID- 6226500 TI - [Roentgen features of homocystinuria]. PMID- 6226499 TI - [Pantomography of the mandible and its clinical application]. PMID- 6226501 TI - [Bone mineral content measurement by a radiographic method. II. Bone mineral content measurement of the ulna in epileptics on long-term anticonvulsant therapy]. PMID- 6226502 TI - [Roentgenologic analysis of 183 cases of odontogenic tumors of the jaws]. PMID- 6226503 TI - [Roentgenologic features of the straight back syndrome]. PMID- 6226504 TI - [Giant hemangioma with thrombocytopenia--report of 11 cases treated by radiotherapy]. PMID- 6226506 TI - [Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging]. PMID- 6226505 TI - [Mucopolysaccharide metabolism and mucopolysaccharidosis]. PMID- 6226507 TI - [Clinical application of selective celiac and superior mesenteric angiography]. PMID- 6226508 TI - [Roentgenologic features of omental sac abscess and its anatomic basis]. PMID- 6226509 TI - [Enteroclysis: small bowel double contrast enema]. PMID- 6226510 TI - [Preoperative and postoperative angiography in portal hypertension]. PMID- 6226511 TI - [Computed tomography in the diagnosis of supratentorial cerebral infarction]. PMID- 6226512 TI - [Clinical and chest X-ray manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus: an analysis of 49 cases]. PMID- 6226513 TI - [Cocobolo wood, a forgotten eczematogen? Recent findings on the skin allergen of cocobolo wood (Dalbergia sp.)]. AB - Delayed hypersensitivity due to occupational contact with Cocobolo wood and playing the recorders manufactured from this species was proven in three of five patients by positive results in patch tests with its constituents R-4 methoxydalbergione and obtusaquinone. The biogenetic correlations of these isomeric compounds, the strong epicutaneous reactions in the patients as well as the strong sensitizing capacity of obtusaquinone obtained in guinea pig sensitization experiments corroborate the supposition not to consider the dalbergione but the quinone methide (obtusaquinone) as the inductor of Cocobolo hypersensitivity. As both constituents possess inhibitory activity toward marine micro-organisms, such as the marine borer Teredo navalis, they are intended to be used in ship paintings and protection coatings. Thus, Cocobolo will no longer remain a forgotten sensitizer but will become--in case of realization--a risk for certain painters in the future. PMID- 6226514 TI - The problem of sensitizing capacity of some Grotans used as bacteriocides in cooling oils. AB - Four patients engaged on a medium-sized engineering factory were investigated because of hand dermatitis by contact with cooling oils. Two patients showed allergy to formaldehyde. After eliminating all Grotans the two patients with allergy to formaldehyde became free of dermatitis. However no evidence of allergy could be found for the two Grotans which are formaldehyde releasers. In the literature there is a remarkable confusion about the sensitizing capacity of especially Grotan BK. Wet emulsions and finished oil might be important in explaining causative factors in occupational dermatitis of metal workers. PMID- 6226515 TI - [Occupational tetracycline allergy]. PMID- 6226516 TI - [Cross reactions to amantadine preparations in patients with tromantadine contact allergy]. PMID- 6226517 TI - Changes in brain ATPases in rats fed on chlordane mixed with iron-sufficient and deficient diet. AB - The in vivo effects of chlordane on brain Na+-K+, oligomycin-sensitive (O.S) and oligomycin-insensitive (O.I) Mg2+ ATPases in rats were investigated. The rats were fed on 0, 25, 50 and 100 ppm chlordane mixed with iron-sufficient (I.S) and deficient (I.D) diets for 12 weeks. The enzyme activities were determined in the brain P2 fraction of rats at the end of 4, 8 and 12 weeks after treatment. Na+-K+ ATPase activity was reduced in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner in rats fed on chlordane mixed with I.S and I.D diets. The reduction in the enzyme activity was more pronounced in the rats fed on chlordane mixed with I.D diet as compared to those fed on I.S diet. The brain O.S Mg2+ ATPase was also reduced in rats receiving chlordane. The reduction of O.S Mg2+ ATPase was higher than Na+-K+ ATPase. However, the O.I Mg2+ ATPase activity in rats fed on chlordane was not altered at any dose level. These results indicate that the rat brain ATPases may be particularly sensitive to chlordane. PMID- 6226518 TI - Retrospective study on adult patients with idiopathic cardiomegaly presumably due to congestive cardiomyopathy admitted to medical units of the Kenyatta National Hospital, (June 1965 - March 1977). PMID- 6226519 TI - Pulmonary immune effector cells in guinea pigs with immune complex disease. I. Changes in T- and B-lymphocyte populations after exposure to antigen. AB - Changes in immunologic effector cell populations in lung tissue, bronchoalveolar spaces, tracheobronchial lymph nodes, spleen, and peripheral blood were evaluated during the course of a pulmonary immune complex disease in guinea pigs. The number of macrophages, lymphocytes, and neutrophils present in each cell population were determined. T and B lymphocytes were identified by E and EAC rosette formation, respectively. An increase in the total number of lymphocytes in tracheobronchial lymph nodes and a greater proportion of B cells in these lymphocyte populations were observed at 12 and 24 hr postchallenge. The total number of macrophages, lymphocytes, and neutrophils recovered from the bronchoalveolar spaces also increased, as did the proportion of lymphocytes and neutrophils. A similar proportional increase of lymphocytes obtained from lung tissue also occurred. The proportion of B cells in the lymphocyte populations of the bronchoalveolar spaces and lung tissue increased to a maximum at 24-48 hr postchallenge. Cell populations from peripheral blood or spleen remained stable, by all parameters examined, during the disease process. Thus, there appears to be a localization of the immune inflammatory response in the lungs during the course of this pulmonary immune complex disease. In addition, this study provides evidence that immune effector cells obtained by bronchial lavage accurately reflect the cellular changes associated with the acute inflammatory response in lung tissue and pulmonary lymph nodes. PMID- 6226520 TI - Isoenzyme pattern of serum beta-hexosaminidase in liver disease, alcohol intoxication, and pregnancy. AB - The isoenzyme distribution of serum beta-hexosaminidase was studied in 11 pregnant women, 18 patients with cirrhosis of the liver, 14 patients with cholestasis, and 9 chronic alcoholics with acute ethanol intoxication. Serum beta hexosaminidase activity was elevated in sera from all groups. The results of isoenzyme separation by isoelectric focusing demonstrated that the isoenzyme pattern in the different patient groups was similar to pregnancy with a preferential increase of isoenzyme forms with pI's between 5.6 and 6.8. PMID- 6226521 TI - Back pain in the nursing profession. I. Epidemiology and pilot methodology. PMID- 6226522 TI - Back pain in the nursing profession. II. The effectiveness of training. PMID- 6226523 TI - Variant of GM2-gangliosidosis with hexosaminidase A having a severely changed substrate specificity. AB - The levels of hexosaminidase A activity in cultivated fibroblasts of two patients with GM2-gangliosidosis were close to the normal range with 4-methylumbelliferyl beta-D-2-acetamido-2-deoxyglucopyranoside and 4-methylumbelliferyl-beta-D-2 acetamido-2-deoxygalactopyranoside as substrates, and the enzymes were normal in most parameters analyzed. However, the enzymes of both patients were almost completely inactive against two specific substrates for hexosaminidase A, rho nitrophenyl-6-sulfo-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranoside, and ganglioside GM2 in the presence of GM2-activator. Fibroblast extracts of both patients showed normal hexosaminidase B and GM2-activator activity, the latter was strongly decreased in two cases with variant AB. It is suggested that human hexosaminidase A may contain two different active sites which might be inactivated separately by different mutations. PMID- 6226524 TI - Enterotoxigenicity of Staphylococcus aureus strains from clinical isolates. AB - The enterotoxigenicity of 208 strains of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from clinical specimens and four strains isolated from food was investigated. All strains were examined for production of enterotoxins A, B, C, D, and E in cellophane-over-agar cultures using a modified optimum-sensitivity-plate method. Strains from systemic infections were also examined for production of toxic-shock toxin. The overall frequency of enterotoxigenic strains among the clinical isolates was 42%. Enterotoxin A was the predominant enterotoxin found among positive strains (45/88). Enterotoxins B to E were found in decreasing order of frequency. Twenty-three strains produced two enterotoxins and one strain three toxins. A significant association was observed between multi-resistance of strains (defined as resistance against penicillin and at least two other antibiotics) and enterotoxin B production. Strains from phage groups I and III produced predominantly enterotoxin A. Four of the five strains producing toxic shock toxin belonged to phage group I; one was not classifiable. PMID- 6226525 TI - Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of stenotic lesions in dialysis vascular accesses. AB - Forty-five stenoses behind arteriovenous fistulas in 35' haemodialysed patients were treated with percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA). Immediate stenoses dilatation results in relation to the AVF type were haemodynamically significant in 40 cases (88%), with poorer results on bovine heterograft stenoses. Dilatation results in relation to the site of the lesion showed haemodynamically efficient angioplasty on stenoses next to the anastomosis (67.5%) but a poor result on distal lesions (4 cases). We observed 4 cases of thrombosis but 2 recovered after treatment, one after local fibrinolytic perfusion one after surgical thrombectomy. Follow-up over a period of one to 18 months (mean 8 months) including angiography and appreciation of the dialysis quality were performed in 30 patients who had a successful dilatation. PTA appears to be a technically feasible and clinically effective method of treating stenoses lying on the venous limb fistula in patients on chronic haemodialysis. PMID- 6226526 TI - 111In-labelled leucocyte and 99mTc-methylene diphosphonate bone scanning in pelvic osteomyelitis. AB - A positive 99mTc-methylene diphosphonate bone scan was obtained in a case of pelvic osteomyelitis in a 15-year-old girl. An 111In-labelled leucocyte scan confirmed the presence of pus, gave a more accurate anatomical location than was obtained by the bone scan, and enabled the most suitable surgical route to be selected. PMID- 6226528 TI - Echocardiographic profile of infants of diabetic mothers. AB - Echocardiographic M-mode examinations were performed in 30 infants of diabetic mothers (IDM). Twelve of them had severe symptoms with hyperbilirubinemia, respiratory distress syndrome, septicemia and hypoglycemia in the neonatal period. The gestational age ranged from the 34th week to the 40th week, the birth weight ranging between 2280 g and 5820 g (mean 3455 g). Fifteen patients were restudied at different ages. In group A (age 1-14 days) out of 23, in group B (age 14 days-6 months) 5 from 13 IDM and in group C (older than 6 months, (n=10) no IDM had an increased ratio of intraventricular septal thickness (IVS) to left ventricular posterior wall thickness (LVPW). One patient showed a systolic anterior motion of the mitral valve (SAM) without having other symptoms for a left ventricular outflow tract obstruction. All measured dimensions normalized within 6 months. It is concluded that a form of prematurity may be responsible for the transient, asymmetrical, septal hypertrophy. PMID- 6226527 TI - A clinical comparison of 99mTc-DPD and two 99mTc-MDP agents. AB - Two hundred and fifty-seven patients were studied with bone-seeking radiopharmaceuticals. They were randomly divided into three groups. Two groups were injected with two different 99mTc-methylene diphosphonates from two manufacturers (MDP 1 and MDP 2) and the third group with 99mTc-dicarboxypropane diphosphonate (DPD). DPD was found to be superior with respect to blood clearance, femur to soft tissue ratio and subjectively assessed image quality. There seemed to be no marked differences between the bone-seeking agents in the visualisation of pathological foci. The image quality seemed to be better in the MDP 2 group than in the MDP 1 group but they were similar in other respects. The femur to soft tissue ratio decreased with increasing age in the DPD group but not in the MDP groups. With all agents worsening of scan quality with increasing age was noted and the image quality was better with men than with women. When short incubation times of radiopharmaceuticals were used before injection, the bone to soft tissue ratio was lower and the scan quality was poorer than with incubation times longer than 20 min. PMID- 6226529 TI - Families of handicapped children: sources of stress and its amelioration. PMID- 6226530 TI - Developing a social-interaction teaching program for young handicapped children. PMID- 6226531 TI - Relative potency of LY141865 at dopamine DA2 and histamine H2 receptors. PMID- 6226532 TI - Interaction of cyproterone acetate with sex hormone binding globulin of monkey plasma. AB - Cyproterone acetate (CA), an antiandrogen, has been used clinically for treatment of hirsute women. In vitro competitive binding assay has revealed that CA displaces estradiol selectively from sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) of female monkey plasma. PMID- 6226533 TI - Amplification of granulopoiesis by T cell subpopulations. AB - Regulation of granulopoiesis by activated splenic T lymphocyte subpopulations was investigated. The addition of syngeneic T cells activated by the mitogen concanavalin A or by mixed lymphocyte response (MLR) to normal bone marrow cultures stimulated granulopoiesis, while, in contrast, resting T cells did not. Functional analyses of Fluorescence Activated Cell Sorter (FACS) purified subpopulations of MLR activated T cells showed that both subsets enhanced granulocyte colony forming cells (CFUc) differentiation. Further studies using Ly 23+ T cells stimulated in vitro to suppress the primary generation of plaque forming cells (PFC) showed that these "suppressor cells" simultaneously enhanced CFUc differentiation. These results show that T cell "helper" function in hematopoietic regulation is not restricted to the inducer subset of T cells. PMID- 6226534 TI - Vibration-induced changes in movement-related EMG activity in humans. AB - The effect of muscle tendon vibration during voluntary arm movement was studied in normal humans. Subjects made alternating step flexion and extension movements about the elbow. A small vibrator was mounted over either the biceps or the triceps muscle and vibration was applied during flexion or extension movements. The vibrator was turned off between movements. After a period of practice, subjects learned the required movements and were able to make them with their eyes closed. Application of vibration to the muscle antagonist to the movement being performed produced an undershoot of the required end-movement position. The undershoot was 20-30% of the total movement amplitude. In contrast, vibration of the muscle agonist to the movement resulted in no change in movement end position. The vibration-induced undershoot was associated with an increase in the EMG activity of the vibrated (antagonist) muscle and a resultant increase in the ratio of the antagonist to agonist EMG activity. The increase in antagonist EMG produced by the vibration occurred with a latency of approximately 60 ms from vibration onset. The observed results are consistent with vibration-induced activation of muscle spindle receptors in the lengthening muscle during movement. It is suggested that, during movement, the sensitivity of the spindle receptors in the shortening muscle is decreased and the information concerning limb position during movement comes primarily from the lengthening muscle. PMID- 6226535 TI - [Use of the swimming test for demonstrating antidepressive activity of drugs during single and repeated administration]. AB - After placing rats or mice into the cylinders filled with water the animals after initial period active swimming, take the immobilization position the time of which is minimized by administering antidepressants. Experiments were made with random-bred, tetrahybrids CBWA, and C57BL/6, BALB/c, CBA, F1 CBA/c55BL mice. Tetrahybrids CBWA appeared to be an optimal species for making experiments. The use of the "swimming test" made it possible to identify the activity of tricyclic (desipramine, chlorimipramine, amitryptyline) and atypical antidepressants (befuralin, zimelidine, trazodon), that of pyrazidol (type A MAO inhibitor) and of a number of new compounds--derivatives of benzofuran and morpholine upon single and chronic administration. To define the method specificity, use was made of the neuroleptic haloperidol, the tranquilizer diazepam, and of nembutal, which did not exhibit any activity in the test in question. Psychostimulants (amphetamine, caffeine) dramatically increased the time of active swimming. The effect lasted throughout all the 30 minutes of testing, which is not characteristic for antidepressants. PMID- 6226536 TI - Catalytic properties of the ATPase on submitochondrial particles after exchange of tightly bound nucleotides under different steady state conditions. AB - Energized submitochondrial particles were subjected to high or low [3H]ATP/[3H]ADP ratios, maintained during steady state by a pyruvate kinase or hexokinase regenerating system, respectively. Under both steady state conditions, about 1.4 mol [3H]nucleotide/mol ATPase was retained but considerably more [3H]ATP was retained with the high [3H]ATP/[3H]ADP ratio. The ATPase activity and the oxygen exchange of these differentially labeled SMP were the same, suggesting a lack of control function of non-catalytic tightly bound nucleotides. PMID- 6226537 TI - Quantitative changes of high mobility group non-histone chromosomal proteins HMG1 and HMG2 during rooster spermatogenesis. AB - The quantitative changes of a group of non-histone chromosomal proteins identified by its solubility, electrophoretic mobility and amino acid analysis as the high mobility group proteins HMG1 and HMG2, were studied throughout rooster spermatogenesis. The ratio HMG1/HMG2 remained constant (0.66 +/- 0.04) during the transition from dividing meiotic and premeiotic cells to nondividing spermatids and from transcriptionally active cells (spermatogonia, spermatocytes and early spermatids) to transcriptionally inactive late spermatids. The ratios HMG1/nucleosomal histone and HMG2/nucleosomal histone increased markedly at the end of spermiogenesis during the transition from nucleohistone to nucleoprotamine when nucleosomes are being disassembled. The high mobility group chromosomal proteins HMG1 and HMG2 were not detectable in the nuclei of rooster spermatozoa. PMID- 6226538 TI - ATP-dependent calcium sequestration and calcium/ATP stoichiometry in isolated microsomes from guinea pig parotid glands. AB - ATP-dependent calcium uptake was studied in isolated guinea pig parotid gland microsomes. The apparent Km for free Ca2+ was 0.41, microM, the apparent Km for ATP X Mg2- 0.23 mM. The pH optimum was 6.8-7.0. Subfractionation of the microsomes revealed that the highest specific uptake activity resided in a rather dense fraction of the endoplasmic reticulum. The calcium uptake/ATPase stoichiometry was determined in the absence of exogenous magnesium in the submicrosomal fractions. It ranged from 1-2. It is concluded that in vivo the stoichiometry is the same as in sarcoplasmic reticulum, namely 2. PMID- 6226539 TI - Sera of i subjects have the capacity to synthesize the branched GlcNAc beta (1 leads to 6)[GlcNAc(beta 1 leads to 3)]Gal ... structure. PMID- 6226540 TI - Alterations in progesterone metabolism and luteal function in infertile women with endometriosis. AB - The concentrations of pregnanediol-3-glucuronide (PGD) and pregnanolone (PN) were measured in daily morning urine specimens from 66 infertile women (40 with varying degrees of endometriosis and 26 control subjects) and correlated with daily changes in basal body temperature (BBT) and with midluteal levels of serum progesterone (P). PN and BBT rose at midcycle in women with endometriosis, as expected, indicating secretion of some P at that time. However, PGD, the major endpoint of P metabolism, was delayed in its excretion. Endometrial biopsies were similarly delayed (out of phase) in women with endometriosis, and a significantly higher incidence of follicular luteinization was seen. It appears that while P secretion begins at midcycle, the bulk of P secretion is delayed, perhaps because of the process of follicular luteinization, and that a shortened functional luteal phase thus exists in women with endometriosis. PMID- 6226541 TI - Salpingo-ovariolysis by laparoscopy in infertility. AB - Lysis of periadnexal adhesions (salpingo-ovariolysis) by laparoscopy was performed on 92 infertile patients who subsequently have been followed for at least 9 months. In each instance, the duration of infertility was longer than 20 months. Periadnexal adhesions were severe in most cases and moderate in the remainder. Moreover, only those cases where ovum pickup by the oviduct with the lesser pathology was deemed impossible or greatly hampered were included in this series. There were no significant postoperative complications. Of the total of 92 patients, 57 (62%) achieved at least one intrauterine pregnancy, 54 (58.7%) had one or more full-term pregnancies, and 5 patients (5.4%) had ectopic pregnancies. With appropriately selected patients and in trained hands, laparoscopic salpingo ovariolysis is a low-risk procedure associated with a surprisingly good success rate. It can be performed on a day-care basis with considerable savings to the patient in terms of both hospital stay and avoidance of major abdominal surgery. PMID- 6226542 TI - [Effect of induced hyperprolactinemia on the plasma levels of C19 steroids in humans]. AB - In order to investigate the relationship between the increment of plasma prolactin (PRL) levels and the change of plasma levels of PRL, DHEA-S, cortisol, aldosterone and 17 alpha OH delta 5-P were quantified by respective RIA in patients treated with TRH parenterally or with sulpiride orally. The results were as follows: During the infusion of TRH, plasma levels of PRL reached the maximal values within 30 min and then declined gradually in spite of continued TRH stimulation. Sulpiride given orally for 12 consecutive days in the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle caused a significant increase in the plasma PRL level. This increase was higher than that obtained in the experiment during the follicular phase. No significant change in the plasma level of 17 alpha OH delta 5-P was observed TRH sulpiride administration. In 3 out of 9 cases, plasma DHEA-S levels were elevated significantly on day 13 to 14 of the experimental course. These results indicate that the responsiveness of plasma levels of adrenal androgens to the raised plasma PRL level requires a certain period of time in the hyperprolactinemic state in the human female. PMID- 6226543 TI - Dental management of the stroke patient. PMID- 6226544 TI - Applied kinesiology in dysfunction of the temporomandibular joint. PMID- 6226545 TI - Effects of isotretinoin on the neutrophil chemotaxis in cystic acne. AB - The authors show that the use of Isotretinoin (Ro 4-3740) in cystic acne brings a reduction of chemotactic activity of the neutrophil granulocytes, like another retinoid, Etretinate, in pustular and vulgar psoriasis. This effect of retinoids, with a direct action on the polymorphonuclear leukocytes plays an important role in the recovery of the disease. PMID- 6226546 TI - Fume inhalation chloracne. AB - Chloracne in a factory worker manufacturing sodium pentachlorophenate, triggered by inhalation of fumes, is reported. PMID- 6226547 TI - Generalized vitiligo after erythroderma. AB - We report a 65-year-old black man whose onset of an erythroderma was followed in 6 weeks by a generalized vitiligo. The etiology of the erythroderma was unclear, although a prostate adenocarcinoma was found on evaluation. This is to our knowledge the first patient reported with a vitiligo following exfoliative dermatitis, and the first report of two uncommon markers of internal malignancy (erythroderma and vitiligo) occurring with prostate adenocarcinoma in the same patient. PMID- 6226548 TI - Pilot study of a new retinoid, Ro 12-7554, in psoriasis and in some congenital disorders of keratinization. AB - Ro12-7554, a chlorinated derivative of etretinate, was evaluated in an open study. 16 patients, 13 suffering from severe psoriasis and 3 from congenital disorders of keratinization previously treated with etretinate, received Ro 12 7554 at a mean daily dosage of 12.3 mg/day. Ro 12-7554 was very similar to etretinate in terms of clinical efficacy and overall safety. PMID- 6226549 TI - The follicular biopsy. AB - The 'follicular biopsy' is an extension of the noninvasive 'surface biopsy' technique originated by Dawber and Marks. A quick-setting cyanoacrylate polymer is used to extract the contents of sebaceous follicles. The retrieved material can be examined histologically at the light or electron microscopic level. Many types of analyses may be performed; microbial density, lipid components (acne), mite population (Demodex), hair retention (trichostasis), penetration of topical drugs and chemicals, localization of enzymes, etc. The follicular biopsy is useful for studying the contents of sebaceous follicles in health and disease. PMID- 6226550 TI - In situ identification of mononuclear cells in lichen planus. AB - In this study, the in situ immunological typing of cell populations in lichen planus was attempted. T lymphocytes and suppressor/cytotoxic subsets, B lymphocytes, macrophages, immunocytes and Langerhans' cells were studied by one or more technical parameters and semiquantitative assessment of T cell populations were carried out. A critical evaluation of assays for T cell characterization was also attempted. T cells were found predominant in lichen planus infiltrate but macrophages were also many. Langerhans' cells were increased in the epidermis compared to normal skin and contact dermatitis. PMID- 6226551 TI - Suppressive effect of antibodies to immune response gene products on the development of low-dose streptozotocin-induced diabetes. AB - Low-dose streptozotocin-induced diabetes in mice serves as a model of type I diabetes. Suppression of the development of diabetes (hyperglycemia) in C3H/He mice was achieved with in vivo administration of antibody reactive to Ir-gene products before streptozotocin treatment. A persistent effect was reached with two monoclonal antibodies directed against I-Ak gene products and, surprisingly, by an allo-antiserum to I-J determinants. These results suggest a role for I-A and I-J positive T-lymphocytes and/or macrophages in B-islet cell autoimmunity. PMID- 6226552 TI - Life outcomes and satisfaction ratings of multihandicapped adults. AB - Ten and 20 year longitudinal data were collected on 180 multihandicapped adults. Subjects completed a 50-item questionnaire which was divided into five sections: (a) living circumstances, (b) physical status, (c) social situation, (d) education, and (e) vocational training and employment. Respondents provided both outcome data and their satisfaction with those outcomes. The results indicated that most lived at home, were financially dependent and were not married. However, they reported that they were satisfied with these life outcomes and that they were very satisfied with their social activities. Few significant differences separated the age groups, suggesting that societal and legal changes over the last 20 years have had a limited impact. The variable most strongly related to life outcome and satisfaction with life outcome was functional status. In addition, perceived (self-reported) functional skills were highly correlated with more objective clinical ratings of functional status. PMID- 6226553 TI - Accidents and handicap. PMID- 6226554 TI - Changes of enzyme activities recognized in lymphocytes from patients with carcinoma of the gastrointestinal tract. AB - Adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activity and acid phosphatase activity in lymphocytes from patients with carcinoma of the gastrointestinal tract were determined in order to investigate whether or not changes in these enzyme activities has any relation to the immune reactivity of carcinoma-bearing patients. In patients with a performance status of more than 60%, the mean value of the total ATPase activity in lymphocytes differed little from that in controls, but the mean value of the oligomycin-sensitive ATPase activity decreased as compared to that in the controls. On the other hand, the mean values of the activities of both free and total acid phosphatase in lymphocytes increased as compared to those in controls. The mean values of the activities of both ATPase and acid phosphatase in lymphocytes from patients whose performance status was less than 50% decreased as compared to those from controls and patients whose performance status was more than 60%. The change of the activities of both ATPase and acid phosphatase in lymphocytes has relation to that of the immunological parameters of the patients with carcinoma of the gastrointestinal tract. These results indicate that both ATPase and acid phosphatase in lymphocytes may play an important role in the immune mechanism. PMID- 6226555 TI - [Distribution of antigens of serum proteins Gma, Gmb and Gmx in hematologic patients of the Armenian population]. PMID- 6226556 TI - Testicular steroid metabolism in juvenile bank voles (Clethrionomys glareolus Schreber) exposed to different photoperiods: an in vitro study. AB - Juvenile male bank voles (18-22 days of age) were either sacrificed immediately (Group C) or subjected first to a long (18L:6D, lights on 0600-2400; Group L) or a short (6L:18D, lights on 0800-1400; Group S) photoperiod for 1 week. The animal were killed by decapitation, the gonads were excised, and minced, and the conversion of [4-14C]pregnenolone (delta 3P) and [4-14C]dehydroepiandrosterone (DHA) to metabolites was studied in vitro. The radioactive steroids formed were separated and identified by thin-layer chromatography (TLC). The conversion of delta 3P to C19-steroids increased markedly from 35 (Group C) to 86% (Group L) during the first week in the long photoperiod whereas in the short photoperiod a decrease to 14.42% (Group S) was observed. The reduced production of C19-steroids in the more inactive testes was accompanied by the accumulation of progesterone (delta 4P) (52.98% Group S and 24.9% Group C) and small amounts of 17 alpha hydroxyprogesterone (17 alpha-OH-delta 4P) (2.5 and 4.5%, respectively), whereas in Group L only trace amounts of these metabolites were encountered. No marked differences in the metabolism of [4-14C]DHA between the photoperiodic groups were observed. These results seem to indicate that at least in vitro marked changes in C17-C20-lyase and/or 17 alpha-hydroxylase activities occur in this seasonally breeding species during testicular maturation and photoperiodically induced regression. PMID- 6226558 TI - [Effectiveness of selection taking into account differences in parental couples for histocompatibility antigens]. AB - The connection of the histoincompatibility antigens, determined by the reaction in a mixed culture of lymphocytes of the pair of parents, with the litter of linear mice and live weight of cattle was studied. It was ascertained that the degree of the difference between mates for histocompatibility locus correlated with fruitfulness and productive qualities of the descendants. As a result, a greater quantity of descendants of animals, being more viable, are born. The descendants of the parents, having the high indexes of the reaction in the mixed culture of lymphocytes, are born larger and stronger and retain this advantage during succeeding life periods. The reaction in monozygotic twins has a minimum index. The index of the reaction increases when the relationship between individuals decreases. The method of mixed culture of lymphocytes can be used for prognosis of pairs' combination, for maintenance of the heterogeneity and for determination of the degree of relationship between animals. PMID- 6226557 TI - Specialized transduction with lambda plac5: involvement of the RecE and RecF recombination pathways. AB - Several aspects of the recombination resulting from lambda plac5 transduction were investigated in strains of Escherichia coli K-12 that use the RecE or RecF recombination pathways. In a RecBC pathway strain, F42lac recombination with lambda plac5 is 20- to 50-fold higher than chromosomal lac times lambda plac5 recombination, and this recombination enhancement is largely dependent on constitutive expression of F42lac fertility functions. Here, it was observed that F42lac fertility functions do not effect the ability of F42lac to recombine with lambda plac5 in a RecE or RecF pathway strain. Therefore, the enhancement observed in a Rec+ (or RecBC pathway) strain is directly dependent on the recBC gene product. The end product of recombination between lambda plac5 and either F42lac or chromosomal lac in RecE and RecF pathway strains was monitored by scoring for addition and substitution transductants. It was observed that the percentage of addition transductants was lower in all cases for RecE and RecF pathway strains as compared with RecBC pathway or a recB strain. It is concluded that the introduction of sbcA or sbcB into a recB strain produces a change in recombination mechanism that is reflected in the nature of the end product of recombination. PMID- 6226559 TI - [Medical genetic study of the population of Turkmenia. III. Hereditary pathology in Turkmen Nokhurlis]. AB - Medical-genetic investigations were carried out in isolated population of Nokhurlis inhabiting some villages of Ashkhabad and Krasnovodsk provinces. A high coefficient of inbreeding, high endogamy, and low coefficients of migration were found for this population. Two hereditary disorders are relatively frequent among the Nokhurlis and lacking in neighboring populations. The frequency of the autosomal dominant gene for congenital cataract is 0.26% and that of the autosomal recessive gene for a peculiar form of obesity is 2.47%. In both cases, the main factor affecting gene accumulation appears to be the result of genetical drift effect. The total load of hereditary diseases of higher in Nokhurlis than in other Turkmen populations. The connection between the population structure of Nokhurlis and the accumulation of hereditary disorders is discussed. PMID- 6226560 TI - Expression of the phage lambda recombination genes exo and bet under lacPO control on a multi-copy plasmid. AB - The bacteriophage lambda genes exo and bet, whose products (lambda exonuclease and beta protein, respectively; Red phenotype) mediate homologous recombination of lambda phages, have been cloned under lacPO lacIq control on multi-copy plasmids. Induction of recA3 cells harboring these plasmids with isopropylthiogalactoside (IPTG) resulted in lambda exonuclease levels (assayed in vitro) that were proportional to the time of induction (for at least 4 h); recombination of lambda Red- phages in vivo was similarly inducible. Only one out of 25 bet delta plasmids (constructed by a variety of in vitro techniques) expressed lambda exonuclease, a result consistent with the polarity of several known phage bet mutations. A general method for transferring phage exo and bet mutations to plasmids was devised and plasmids bearing polar (bet3) and nonpolar (bet113) mutations were constructed. Mutant derivatives of the plasmid showed the same complementation pattern as analogous phage red mutants. When lambda bet3 phages (Exo-Bet-) infected IPTG-induced recA3 bacteria containing exo+bet+ plasmids, recombination frequencies were not more than twice those typical for infection of plasmid-free recA3 cells with exo+bet+ phages, even in the case of IPTG induction sufficient to elevate the production of lambda exonuclease about 100-fold. Even when plasmid induction was delayed till as late as 50 min after infection, recombination was significant. Preliminary experiments suggest that these plasmids encode a polypeptide with Gam activity that corresponds to the 98 amino acid "shorter" open reading frame assigned to gam by Sanger et al. (J. Mol. Biol. 162 (1982) 729-773). PMID- 6226561 TI - [Hygienic aspects of protecting surface reservoirs in a territorial industrial complex]. PMID- 6226562 TI - [Hygienic basis for work training in preschool institutions]. PMID- 6226563 TI - [Hygienic evaluation of the performance of physical education breaks during lessons in kindergarten]. PMID- 6226564 TI - [Assessment of the sanitary bacteriological effectiveness of the aerobic thermophilic-mesophilic fermentation of animal husbandry effluents]. PMID- 6226565 TI - [Hygienic evaluation of the regimen for 4th-grade pupils]. PMID- 6226566 TI - [Circulatory system function in rural schoolchildren in the process of adapting to the school load]. PMID- 6226567 TI - [Dynamics of arterial pressure, growth and body weight in school children in the city of Gorky]. PMID- 6226568 TI - [The biological method of plant protection used in agricultural practice of Uzbek S.S.R. and its health value]. PMID- 6226569 TI - [Health evaluation of inorganic mercury compounds with the aim of setting air standards]. PMID- 6226570 TI - [Medroxyprogesterone acetate. Biochemical and clinical aspects]. PMID- 6226571 TI - [Enzymatic debridement for the treatment of cervical ectopia]. PMID- 6226572 TI - [Various aspects of the development of automobile transportation medicine]. PMID- 6226573 TI - [Clinical problems of automobile transportation medicine]. PMID- 6226574 TI - [Incidence and etiology of allergic diseases among poultry breeders]. PMID- 6226575 TI - [Current problems of occupational hygiene in the production of construction materials and in construction work]. PMID- 6226576 TI - [Hypertension and the occupational work capacity of bus drivers]. PMID- 6226577 TI - [Cicatricial external endometriosis]. PMID- 6226578 TI - Lymph drainage from the vulva. AB - Fifty-four patients with cervical cancer stage Ib were injected preoperatively with 99mTc-colloid in different areas of the vulva and three controls in the axilla. The radioactivity in the groins and the pelvis was measured with a scintillation camera and in the removed pelvic lymph nodes with a well counter. A low activity could be measured in the removed pelvic nodes of the controls indicating the radioactivity which had reached the pelvic nodes via the bloodstream. Clitoris and perineum had a bilateral lymph flow. In all the other patients the vast majority of the radioactivity was found in the ipsilateral lymph nodes. A significant, but small amount of activity was recorded in the contralateral nodes in 67% of the patients and in all patients injected in the anterior part of the labium minus. The medial external iliac lymph chain had an uptake of 73% of the total activity measured in the removed pelvic nodes. Only in 13% of the patients was the activity higher in the lateral than in the medial external iliac chain. Direct lymphatic pathway from the clitoris to the pelvic lymph nodes was not found. Anastomoses exist probably in 13 out of 42 patients between the presacral and/or common iliac nodes on both sides. PMID- 6226579 TI - [Treatment of rheumatic diseases of soft tissues with Mobilisin Gel. Results of a double-blind study]. PMID- 6226580 TI - Biological and immunological characterization of a human liver immunoregulatory protein. AB - The liver immunoregulatory protein (LIP) was originally characterized as human liver-derived soluble factor which inhibited the alloantigen and phytohemagglutinin-induced proliferation of human lymphocytes (1). Soluble extracts prepared under the same experimental conditions from kidney, spleen, heart, lymph nodes, and erythrocytes did not exert any inhibitory activity (2). The purpose of this study was to characterize the immunobiological properties of LIP. In the primary one-way mixed lymphocyte culture, LIP depressed the generation of suppressor T cells which inhibited the lymphocyte proliferation induced by phytohemagglutinin or alloantigens. In addition, LIP suppressed in primary mixed lymphocyte culture the induction of cytotoxic T cells and memory cells as determined by cell-mediated lympholysis and secondary mixed lymphocyte culture, respectively. In the presence of LIP, the concanavalin A-mediated induction of suppressor T cells, the pokeweed mitogen-induced IgG synthesis in vitro and the cytolytic activity of K cells reacting in the antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity were also inhibited. Cytotoxic effects could be excluded since the viability of human lymphoblastoid cells, hepatocytes, and allogeneically stimulated lymphocytes was not affected by LIP. LIP was shown to be different from other liver-derived substances like acute phase proteins, immunoregulatory alpha-globulins, C-reactive protein, lipoproteins, and F antigen. Furthermore, LIP is not identical to other serum components like the immunoregulatory rosette inhibition factor and the serum inhibitory factor (3). However, the characteristics described herein strongly indicate that LIP is very similar to the liver extract described by Chisari (4) and the liver-derived inhibitory protein (LIP) described by Grol and Schumacher (5).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6226581 TI - Immunoregulatory T cell subsets in chronic hepatitis B virus infection: the influence of homosexuality. AB - The purposes of this study were 2-fold: (i) To enumerate peripheral immunoregulatory T cell subsets in untreated patients with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and (ii) to examine the relationship between disturbances in the balance of lymphocyte subsets with liver disease and the presence of homosexuality. Circulating T lymphocyte subsets were evaluated by monoclonal antibodies to the following cell antigens: OKT3 (total T cells), OKT4 (helper/inducer T cells), and OKT8 (suppressor/cytotoxic T cells). The following groups of subjects were examined: (i) 16 heterosexuals with HBV-associated chronic active hepatitis (CAHB); (ii) 10 heterosexual, healthy HBsAg carriers, and (iii) 16 male homosexuals with CAHB. Controls included 51 healthy heterosexuals and 12 healthy, noninfected male homosexuals. We were able to demonstrate that heterosexuals with CAHB had T4/T8 ratios which did not differ from those of noninfected heterosexuals. Both healthy carriers and healthy homosexuals, however, exhibited significantly lower T4/T8 ratios than did noninfected heterosexuals (p less than 0.05, p less than 0.01, respectively). In addition, homosexuals with CAHB had lower (1.5 +/- 0.1) T4/T8 ratios than did heterosexuals with CAHB (2.0 +/- 0.2). A possible mechanism for these findings is discussed. The data indicate that the presence of homosexuality may be an important factor to consider when evaluating immunoregulatory subsets in CAHB. PMID- 6226582 TI - Steroids in immunologically mediated renal disease. AB - Pulse steroid regimens, early tapering to alternate-day treatment, and careful use of supplemental immunosuppression with cytotoxic drugs offer strategies for improving the therapeutic index of corticosteroid management. PMID- 6226583 TI - Zearalenone. PMID- 6226584 TI - Relationship between human T cell functional heterogeneity and human T cell surface molecules. AB - Our knowledge of human T cell differentiation and function has expotentially increased during recent years. With this growth in knowledge there has been an increase in our appreciation of the complexity of the T-T interactions which initiate and control immune responses. A great deal remains to be learned concerning the mechanisms of these complex cellular interactions. In particular, it will be important to precisely understand the clear heterogeneity of functions within isolated subsets of OKT4+ and OKT8+ T cells. Perhaps, as importantly, it will be necessary to define more clearly the functions of the T4 and T8 molecules as well as the precise function of the other defined glycoproteins on the T cell surface. The evidence is clearly emerging that many of those molecules are not solely markers of unique functional subsets and are intimately involved in the functions of T cells. PMID- 6226585 TI - T cell subsets and the recognition of MHC class. AB - We have presented and/or briefly reviewed data which indicates that there are two T cell subsets which interact respectively with the two Classes (1 and 2) of MHC antigen and which can be identified by the Ly (mouse) or Leu (human) molecules that they express. This correlation, and the large body of (largely) circumstantial but still quite convincing data, suggests that these Ly and Leu molecules play a very important role in T cell responses by actually interacting with monomorphic MHC class specific determinants. We suggest that this interaction facilitates and possibly helps direct the binding of the T cell receptor to polymorphic MHC determinants and antigen. In this model T cell "recognition" of MHC and antigen consists of several independent but connected interactions of T cell surface structure with MHC molecules and antigen on antigen-presenting cells or targets. PMID- 6226586 TI - Correlation of functional properties of human lymphoid cell subsets and surface marker phenotypes using multiparameter analysis and flow cytometry. PMID- 6226587 TI - Immunoregulatory T cell subpopulations in man: dissection by monoclonal antibodies and Fc-receptors. AB - Until now, most of the studies on regulatory T cells have been based on culture systems in which human peripheral blood cells are stimulated by polyclonal stimulators like Pokeweed Mitogen (PWM). Our present contribution, however, deals with T cell-mediated regulation of the antigen-induced B cell activation, which exclusively leads to an antigen-specific IgM production (Heijnen et al. 1979a). Some authors' reports on regulatory activities of T cells, as tested in systems using polyclonal stimulators, differ from ours. This may be due to: a) as a result of polyclonal stimulus, various types of regulatory T cells are activated at the same time b) in contrast to a primary antigen, a polyclonal stimulator induces a rapid proliferation of the various regulatory T cells c) a polyclonal stimulator induces the differentiation of B cells in various maturational stages, that might each require additional or different regulatory signals. For example, Thomas et al. (1981) have shown that freshly isolated T4+ cells can induce suppressor activity in unprimed T8+ cells in the presence of PWM, whereas T4+ cells, precultured for 24 h in the presence of PWM, can exert a suppressor activity themselves without an apparent need for T8+ cells. In the antigen specific system, however, we have neither been able to detect T suppressor effector activity in a population of primed T4+ cells, nor been able to demonstrate T suppressor inducer activity in unprimed T4+ cells (Heijnen et al. 1982a). Therefore the state of activation of the total T4+ population will dictate the balance of the total T helper and T suppressor activity. As a result of proliferation induced by polyclonal mitogens, small subsets of regulatory T cells, which are functionally undetectable in the primary antigen-specific assay, can expand sufficiently to have a measurable effect. Thomas et al. (1980) have shown that the T4+ suppressor inducer cell in the PWM system is radio-sensitive, which is in contrast with our data in the antigen-specific system. This may imply that we are looking at different subsets of T suppressor inducer cells in these different systems, but it might also indicate that T suppressor inducer cells need to proliferate in order to be able to measurably regulate the large pool of responding cells generated in the PWM system. Apart from such quantitative effects, polyclonal B cell activators like PWM are capable of inducing the differentiation of B cells in various maturational stages (Kuritani & Cooper 1982, Stevens 1982, Peters & Fauci 1983). Since it is highly likely that the regulation of these various B cell subsets might require different regulatory signals, the PWM model might be a very complicated model to study regulatory effects of single T cell subsets.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6226588 TI - Functions of rat T-lymphocyte subsets isolated by means of monoclonal antibodies. PMID- 6226590 TI - The murine placenta as an immunological barrier between the mother and the fetus. PMID- 6226589 TI - Steroids as immunosuppressants in pregnancy. AB - In considering the potential of known reproductive hormones to act as immunoregulatory substances during pregnancy, progesterone clearly is an attractive candidate for the following reasons: 1) progesterone is a primitive hormone occurring in virtually all species; 2) it is the only hormone which has been shown to be absolutely essential for maintenance of pregnancy in a variety of mammals, including the human; 3) it has demonstrable in vivo and in vitro immunosuppressive effects when present in concentrations known to be present in the human placenta; 4) it has weak systemic effects compared to cortisol; 5) in many species including primates, it is produced by trophoblastic cells: potential targets of the maternal immune system. Inhibitory effects of progesterone on immune cells have been demonstrated despite the absence of classical steroid receptors for progesterone (Lippman 1979). Specific functions of human T lymphocytes and macrophages are inhibited by concentrations of progesterone known to occur in the placenta (10(-6)-10(-5) M). Although similar effects are produced by cortisol, clear-cut differences exist in the mechanisms by which cortisol and progesterone act on immune cells. The results suggest, but do not prove, that progesterone does not act on immune cells by binding to the glucocorticoid receptor. This can be considered to be advantageous, for otherwise pregnancy could be associated with glucocorticoid toxicity. Remarkable local anti inflammatory activity of progesterone has been observed in vivo, although the mechanism of this effect is poorly understood. The striking absence of inflammatory cells in the pregnant uterus until a few days before birth is consistent with known effects of progesterone from animal studies. Whether this regulatory effect on cell traffic is exerted directly by progesterone or by secondary mediators produced within the uterus remains to be determined. In either case, appropriate timing of the removal of progesterone's influence may constitute an integral part of the process of parturition. Post-partum resolution of the placental attachment-site has many of the cellular characteristics of transplant rejection. Furthermore, it has recently been proposed that inflammatory cells which invade the cervix may generate prostaglandins which mediate the biochemical changes that are essential for its dilation to allow escape of the fetus (Liggins 1981). If the processes begin prior to delivery as a consequence either of progesterone withdrawal or inhibition of its activity, parturition may in fact be considered as a delayed rejection process.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6226591 TI - Importance of factors H and I for the adherence of C3b-coated erythrocytes to cells. AB - The role of cell membrane-associated human factor H for the binding of cell-bound C3b to complement receptor-carrying (CR+) cells was investigated. Pretreatment of CR+ cells with antibodies to factor H inhibited the adherence of C3b-coated red cells to human tonsil lymphocytes (TL) and peripheral blood monocytes (M phi). The C3b receptor reactivity of human polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMN) was not influenced and the one of Raji lymphoblastoid cells only slightly influenced; iC3b and C3d receptor reactivity was in no case affected. When diisopropylfluorophosphate (DFP) in a concentration of 0.1 mM was present during pretreatment of the CR+ cells with anti H, the antibodies gained the capacity to inhibit the adherence of C3b-coated erythrocytes to Raji cells; this effect was dose-dependent with respect to DFP. In contrast, there was no influence of DFP on the inhibition pattern of anti H in the case of TL and M phi. The adherence of C3b-coated erythrocytes to PMN remained unaffected by anti-H antibodies in the presence of DFP. Polyclonal as well as monoclonal antibodies directed against human factor I inhibited the binding of C3b cells to Raji cells but not to TL. Additionally, when anti I and anti H antibodies were both present, C3b receptor reactivity of Raji cells was inhibited to a larger extent than with either antibody alone; again, TL remained unaffected. Results obtained by washing the Raji cells before and after treatment with anti H and anti I suggest that the respective antibodies act on factor H primarily on the level of the cell membrane and on factor I in the fluid phase. PMID- 6226592 TI - Local and systemic immune response in aged hamsters. AB - Immunoglobulin levels in serum and saliva were measured in 2-3-month-old hamsters and in approximately 2-year-old hamsters. Salivary IgA concentrations in aged hamsters were slightly, but not significantly, higher than in young hamsters. Salivary volumes were generally greater in aged hamsters, resulting in a significantly increased total amount of IgA secreted per unit time. Serum IgG levels were somewhat elevated in aged hamsters while serum IgM levels were generally higher in the young hamsters. Serum IgA levels were markedly elevated in aged hamsters. Immune responses to the soluble protein enzyme, glucosyltransferase, from Streptococcus mutans strain 6715, were measured after injection of this antigen incorporated into Freund's complete adjuvant in the salivary gland vicinity. Salivary IgA responses were measured by an ELISA procedure and were lower in aged hamsters compared with young hamsters, after primary or secondary immunization. The serum IgG, IgA and IgM antibody responses were in general not significantly different between the two groups of animals. Sera from young and aged hamsters did not differ in their capacity to inhibit the ability of GTF to synthesize glucan from sucrose. PMID- 6226594 TI - [Therapy of seborrhea, seborrheic eczema and acne with a soap with a mesulfen base]. PMID- 6226593 TI - [2 new liquid forms of clobetasol propionate in seborrheoic eczema]. PMID- 6226596 TI - [Study with azthreonam in patients with acute gonococcal urethritis]. PMID- 6226595 TI - [Study of the clinical effectiveness of "impetex"]. PMID- 6226597 TI - [Netherton's syndrome. 3 clinical cases]. PMID- 6226598 TI - [Langerhans cell in verruca seborrheica and in other cutaneous neoplasms. Immunological, cytochemical and electron-microscopic study]. PMID- 6226599 TI - [Cutaneous pathology due to captopril. Observations on 2 clinical cases]. PMID- 6226600 TI - C3b acceptors on macrophages: inhibition of Fc gamma-receptor-mediated phagocytosis by acceptor-bound C3b. AB - The binding of nascent human C3b (i.e. the fragment of C3 just after trypsin cleavage) to mouse peritoneal macrophages was demonstrated by immune adherence. Acceptor-bound C3b could be detected longer than 24 h on the cell membrane. The rosette formation and phagocytosis of SRBC coated with anti-SRBC rat IgG was inhibited by preincubation of the cells with C3 and trypsin (15 min, 37 degrees C). However, the phagocytosis of opsonized yeast particles was not influenced by acceptor-bound C3b, proving that C3b-C3b acceptor interaction did not alter the function of C3b-receptors. Acceptor-bound C3b on the macrophages failed to mediate phagocytosis of human 0,Rh+ red cells having C3b-receptors. PMID- 6226601 TI - The effect of cimetidine on immunological parameters in Crohn's disease: a double blind trial. AB - Thirty-six patients with Crohn's disease were entered into a double-blind trial to assess any beneficial effect that cimetidine might have on immunological and clinical status. Eighteen patients were randomized to receive cimetidine, 1 g orally for 28 days, and the other 18 patients to receive a placebo. There was no alteration in clinical status in the cimetidine-treated group. Although 64% of the patients were anergic, augmentation of skin tests to candida, mumps, tuberculin, streptokinase/streptodornase and trichophyton antigens, was not observed in the cimetidine-treated patients. The patients with Crohn's disease, as a whole had higher absolute numbers of suppressor T-lymphocytes, 0.70 X 10(9)/litre (0.21-2.36, n = 35) compared to control values, 0.5 X 10(9)/litre (0.16-1.55, n = 25) (P less than 0.05). However, there was no significant difference in proportions of suppressor and helper T-lymphocytes, lymphocyte activation and humoral immunity after cimetidine treatment. The lack of any clear modulation of immunity by cimetidine, would be against trying H2 antagonists in a long term clinical trial. PMID- 6226602 TI - Immunoregulatory factors controlling terminal differentiation of malignant B lymphocytes. AB - B-lymphocytes of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia differentiate in vitro towards plasma cells upon activation with Pokeweed mitogen (PWM) and Cowan. The level of response is much lower than that of normal cells and so is the helper T-cell function. However, concanavalin A-activated suppressor T-cell function of Ig synthesis is normal. Malignant B-cells have a normal capacity to stimulate Ig synthesis in the mixed lymphocyte cultures, but they respond poorly to an allogeneic stimulus. Thymosin (TFX) causes a marked enhancement of PWM driven differentiation of malignant B-cells. PMID- 6226604 TI - Competition: good news and bad news. PMID- 6226603 TI - Properties of reticulum cell sarcomas in SJL/J mice. VIII. Prominent role of RCS cell I-A antigens in the stimulation of syngeneic T cells. AB - While T cells from SJL and from F1 hybrids of SJL that do not express I-E antigens give strong proliferative responses to RCS, T cells from F1 hybrids expressing surface I-E do not. The nature of the stimulating antigen on the RCS cell surface was examined using monoclonal antibodies. Complete inhibition of the T-cell proliferative response was obtained with antibodies to I-A antigens, whereas antibodies to I-E antigens did not inhibit at all. This inhibition was mediated via an effect of the antibodies on the stimulating cells. Biochemical characterization of immunoprecipitated 125I-and 35S-labeled RCS antigens was performed using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Using this technique, I-A antigens were readily detected. However, neither Ia.7-specific antibodies nor antibodies specific for E alpha: E beta complexes precipitated any E alpha or E beta chains. Comparison of I-A antigens from RCS and normal SJL spleen cells revealed minor mobility differences in the gels, possibly due to differences in glycosylation, the significance of which needs to be further evaluated. Examination of RNA extracted from RCS, using E alpha and A alpha cDNA probes showed that RCS cells do not transcribe the E alpha gene as has been shown previously for normal H-2s cells. Furthermore, DNA from RCS cells showed a defect in the E alpha gene similar to that known to exist in normal H-2s cells. Our findings exclude the presence of E alpha on RCS cells and suggest a major role for I-A, either alone or in conjunction with another as yet unidentified cell surface antigen, in the stimulation of T cells. PMID- 6226605 TI - The delivery of health care: what lies ahead? AB - Since 1980, the author has examined the theme of competition in the delivery of health care services from both its conceptual and empiric aspects. He concluded that federal legislation to introduce a higher degree of competition into the delivery of health care was unlikely to gain congressional approval, but that even if it did it would fail in its central objective of slowing the advance of health care costs. Given these assumptions, he turned to a consideration of the major trends and transformations during the last 30 years and then addressed the critical questions of what lies ahead. PMID- 6226606 TI - The quality of care in a health maintenance organization: a personal view. AB - A health maintenance organization must compete for clients by promising to provide near-comprehensive care, under congenial circumstances, to a defined population, through organized effort, within a budgetary limit. These properties both require and allow the organization to redefine health and health services to correspond more closely to the needs and values of a population, to place greater emphasis on client satisfaction, to foster clinical efficiency and production efficiency, to allocate resources more wisely, and to assess care in coordinated sequences rather than in scattered fragments. PMID- 6226607 TI - Hospice care in the United States: quest for quality. AB - Hospice care has emerged as a humane, cost-effective method of providing care for terminally ill patients. Although hospices are relatively new to the United States, their number has mushroomed to about 1,000. Recognizing the need for standards to govern hospice care, the Joint Commission on the Accreditation of Hospitals and the National Hospice Organization are preparing a set of quality assurance standards and the commission will soon offer a voluntary accreditation procedure for hospices. To facilitate the collection of data on hospice care, the NHO and the Joint Commission are collaborating with the American Medical Record Association to create a model medical record. The hospice standards and model record will be instrumental in ensuring nationwide quality assurance and quality assessment for this important new form of medical care. PMID- 6226608 TI - Increasing Medicare enrollment in HMOs: the need for capitation rates adjusted for health status. AB - Although the federal government has sought to increase enrollment of Medicare beneficiaries in HMOs, at the end of 1981 less than 2% were HMO members. Of these, only two-tenths of 1% were enrolled under the type of risk-sharing contracts characteristic of HMOs. HMOs might have greater incentives to market to Medicare beneficiaries if a factor that adjusts for health status could be incorporated into the capitation formula. This paper develops such a factor using measures based on prior-year utilization, perceived health status, and functional health status. PMID- 6226609 TI - State rate review and the relationship between capital expenditures and operating costs. AB - It is commonly assumed that an increase in capital expenditures leads to increased operating costs and a subsequent increase in rates, and thus that state rate review systems must incorporate certificate-of-need type controls over capital expenditures. The results of this study indicate that in those states with comprehensive rate review systems, increased capital expenditures may not lead to higher operating costs and rates; rather, increased wage rates are reflected in higher operating costs and rates. This pass-through of wages, and not capital costs, may have important policy implications. PMID- 6226610 TI - Utilization of hospital services: the roles of teaching, case mix, and reimbursement. AB - This study examined the role of hospital teaching affiliation, third-party payer mix, physician compensation, and case mix on the utilization of inpatient services. Using multivariate analysis with five different utilization measures, we found that: 1) the level of teaching activity and commitment to teaching had no significant effect on the scope of inpatient service utilization; 2) self-pay patients were low utilizers whereas Medicaid patients were high utilizers; 3) inpatient utilization appeared to be lower when physicians were compensated on a salaried basis; and 4) case mix had a significant impact on inpatient utilization. PMID- 6226611 TI - Should extended care following hospitalization be encouraged? AB - The use of extended care facilities following acute care hospitalization has been suggested as a way to reduce the use of the more expensive acute care facilities. Data from 1979 and 1980 on hospitalizations of the North Carolina Medicare aged population were analyzed to study the impact of the use of extended care facilities on the length of the preceding acute care hospitalizations. Contrary to what might be expected, it was found that the use of extended care facilities was related to longer, rather than shorter, stays in acute care facilities. PMID- 6226612 TI - An evaluation of criteria to designate urban health manpower shortage areas. AB - In the United States, federally designated health manpower shortage areas (HMSAs) have been eligible for a variety of programs intended to improve access to health services. Before 1978, HMSAs were predominantly rural. The Health Professions Educational Assistance Act of 1976 (P.L. 94-484) mandated that the criteria for designating HMSAs be revised to facilitate designation of urban areas. The most recent version of the HMSA criteria was published in 1980. This study applied the 1980 criteria to two Canadian urban areas. In general, the criteria did not succeed in distinguishing areas with relatively poorer access from those with relatively better access. PMID- 6226613 TI - Hospital cost inflation: the case of Australia. AB - The growth in Australian hospital expenditures has been similar to that in the United States. This growth is examined for the period 1970-1979 in terms of its principal components: inflation, real cost increases, and service utilization. It is suggested that hospital cost inflation is not an appropriate term for describing the growth of Australian hospital expenditures; rather, the growth of hospital expenditure in the context of the gross domestic product is discussed. The results suggest a ranking for priorities in public health service policy. PMID- 6226614 TI - A comparison of mortality and charges in two differently staffed intensive care units. AB - All patients entering the two differently staffed adult intensive care units (ICUs) of Baystate Medical Center were studied for a three-month period. In one unit, patients were cared for by medical and surgical resident teams specifically assigned to the ICU, who were supervised by private and teaching ICU attending physicians; patients admitted to the other ICU were cared for entirely by private physicians. Significantly lower hospital mortality rates were observed in the resident-staffed ICU for three categories of patients. Median charges for the two groups of ICU patients were either the same or higher for the resident-staffed ICU when controlling for levels of condition and treatment variables. PMID- 6226615 TI - Internal parasites of horses: treatment and control. PMID- 6226616 TI - Cyclosporin A inhibits interleukin 2-dependent growth of alloactivated cloned human T-lymphocytes. AB - The effect of cyclosporin A (CsA) on the growth of mixed leukocyte culture derived human cloned T-cells with different functions has been studied. Interleukin 2-dependent clones with allospecific cytotoxic, natural killer-like cytotoxic, lymphoproliferation suppressive, or primed lymphocyte typing function, were used as test cells in short term (36 h) tritiated thymidine incorporation assays. CsA inhibited growth of these cells in a dose-dependent manner, and the lowest concentration of CsA tested (0.1 microgram/ml) was already inhibitory for the majority of clones. Differences between clones in their susceptibility to CsA as measured in this assay did not correlate with their defined functions. Long term (2-3 week) growth of cloned cells cultured in the presence of CsA was also depressed in a dose-dependent manner; moreover, in the case of a suppressor cell clone, as well as a natural killer-like cytotoxic, and a primed lymphocyte typing clone, function of cells surviving after preculture with CsA was suppressed too. It may be important that NK-like effector function and growth of an NK-like T cell clone showed more resistance to the inhibitory action of CsA than a PLT clone. These data show that previously alloactivated continuously proliferating Interleukin 2-dependent human T-cell clones are fully susceptible to CsA-mediated inhibition of their function as well as their proliferation. Thus, CsA can exert a strong immunosuppressive effect not only by preventing initial activation of T cells. PMID- 6226617 TI - Athlete's heart--a review of its historical assessment and new aspects. PMID- 6226618 TI - Rosacea. PMID- 6226619 TI - Modelling maternal birth cohort effects on malformation rates--a reply. PMID- 6226621 TI - More Marxism: "Genes, radiation, and society: the life and work of H. J. Muller." By E. A. Carlson. Essay review. PMID- 6226620 TI - Lymphocyte function in patients with chronic glomerulonephritis. Tests of suppressive activity generation by concanavalin A and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. AB - Lymphocyte suppressive activity after stimulation with Con A and lymphocyte function as the effectors in the ADCC test had been examined in 68 patients with chronic glomerulonephritis (GN) and in 20 healthy controls. Lymphocyte suppressive activity was lower in patients with chronic GN than in the healthy individuals. In regard to chronic proliferative GN and mesangial GN the difference was statistically significant. The lymphocyte efficiency in the ADCC test was generally adequate in patients with chronic GN and none of the morphological types showed significant deviation from the control group. In the general analysis of patients with chronic proliferative, mesangial, membrano proliferative and membranous GN a decrease of lymphocyte suppressive activity below the lower standard limit has been detected (45% of cases). A similar defect in lymphocyte function in the ADCC test has been found in 18.6%. A statistically significant relationship between the lymphocyte function disorders and the high clinical dynamism of GN has been noticed, although in some cases there was a deviation from this tendency. It is supposed that circulating immune complexes, detected in some patients with chronic GN are not the only decisive factors responsible for defects in lymphocyte function. PMID- 6226622 TI - Selection of allelic isozyme polymorphisms in marine organisms: pattern, theory, and application. AB - The evolutionary significance of allelic isozyme polymorphisms in several Mediterranean marine organisms was tested initially by post-hoc gene frequency analyses at 11-15 gene loci in natural populations of barnacles, Balanus amphitrite, under thermal [Nevo et al, 1977] and chemical [Nevo et al, 1978] pollutions. We next carried out pre-hoc controlled laboratory experiments to test the effects of heavy metal pollution (Hg, Zn, Cd) on genotypic frequencies of 15 phosphoglucomutase (PGM) genotypes in thousands of individuals of the shrimp Palaemon elegans [Nevo et al, 1980, 1981a, and the present study]. Similarly, we tested the effects of Hg, Zn, Cd, Pb, Cu pollutions on the genotypic and allelic frequencies of five phosphoglucose isomerase (PGI) genotypes in the two close species of marine gastropods, Monodonta turbinata and M turbiformis [Lavie and Nevo, 1982, and the present study]. In both the thermal and chemical pollution studies, we established in repeated experiments statistically significant differences of allele frequencies at 8 out of 11 (73%) and 10 out of 15 (67%) gene loci, respectively, between the contrasting environments in each. While no specific function could be singled out in the post-hoc chemical study due to the complex nature of polluted marine water, temperature could be specified as the primary selective agent in the thermal study. The strongest direct and specific evidence for significant differential survivorship among allelic isozyme genotypes was obtained in the pre-hoc studies in Palaemon and Monodonta. Their differential viability was probably associated with the different degree of heavy metal inhibition uniquely related to each specific pollutant. Furthermore, we demonstrated in the two closely related Monodonta species parallel genotypic differentiation as a response to pollution. Our results are inconsistent with the neutral theory of allelic isozyme polymorphisms and appear to reflect the adaptive nature of the allelic isozyme polymorphisms studied. Allelic isozyme genotypes are sensitive to and vary with the quality and quantity of specific pollutants. Therefore, they can provide precise genetic indicators of the effects of pollution on the short- and long-term genetic changes of populations. Ideally, in different marine species specific genetic loci, either singly or in combination, may prove sensitive markers to different pollutants and could easily be assayed by quick electrophoretic tests and be used as genetic monitors. An extensive search for the appropriate enzymatic systems in various relatively sedentary marine species exposed to pollutants is therefore urgent. PMID- 6226624 TI - Approach to dental treatment for irradiated patients. PMID- 6226623 TI - Role of isozymes in metabolic regulation during exercise: insights from comparative studies. PMID- 6226626 TI - Injuries, disabilities, and insurance (or where did all the farmers go?). PMID- 6226625 TI - Caring for disabled infants. PMID- 6226627 TI - [Erythrokeratoderma periorificialis with involvement of the extremities]. AB - A case of acquired atypical erythrokeratoderma in a 16-year-old boy is reported. Most of the lesions were localized at the periorificial areas of the body, mainly at the angles of the mouth, the lower lip, as well as in perinasal, genital, and perianal regions. They were associated with acral involvement and pachyonychia. There were no similar skin lesions in the patient's family. The author regards the present case as an erythrokeratoderma periorificialis on the basis of an own observation and the data from the literature. PMID- 6226628 TI - Immunogenetic analysis of the HLA complex with alloreactive T cell clones. AB - Recently developed technologies to clone alloreactive human lymphocytes have provided a powerful tool for the immunogenetic analysis of the HLA region. Alloreactive T cell clones can be used as specific reagents for HLA encoded cellular determinants detected in secondary proliferation assays such as the primed lymphocyte test (PLT) and, in cell-mediated lympholysis (CML). Lymphocyte clones can also be used for functional assays (e.g., for suppressor or helper activity) to determine the influence of HLA specific restriction. PMID- 6226629 TI - The effect of small radiation doses on the rat spinal cord: the concept of partial tolerance. AB - To evaluate the tolerance of the rat spinal cord to small radiation doses per fraction, an increasing number of fractions is required for induction of paralysis. The assessment of doses of 1-2 Gy, as used in the clinic, would require that over 100 fractions be given. The validity of replacing part of a fractionated irradiation of the spinal cord by a single large dose has been tested. Fractionated irradiation doses with 18 MeV X rays were followed by a "top up" dose of 15 Gy as a single treatment. This is the fraction size of a treatment with two irradiation doses leading to paralysis in 50% of the animals (ED 50). Fractionated treatments were carried out with 2, 5, 10 and 20 fractions followed by the top-up dose of 15 Gy. The isoeffect curve, as a function of the number of fractions, has the same slope as experiments performed without top-up dose. The results show that the quality and quantity of cellular repair is not modified when part of a multifractionated exposure is replaced by a larger top-up dose. An important consequence of this finding is, that in treatments with unequal fraction sizes, the partial tolerances can simply be added. Since a top-up dose can replace a sizable number of irradiation treatments, its application will allow investigations of the extent of sublethal damage repair for fraction sizes as low as 1 Gy. PMID- 6226630 TI - Effect of physical training on myocardial enzyme activities in aging rats. AB - Male Fischer rats of four age groups were subjected to a 3-mo exercise training program that consisted of a gradual increase to 1 h/day of forced swimming. Exercise was initiated at 1, 6, 12, or 17-22 mo of age. After the training period there was an increase in the heart weight relative to body weight in all groups, but heart weight was increased only in the two oldest groups. The specific activities of both actomyosin ATPase and creatine kinase isolated from cardiac muscle decreased with age. In animals that started exercise training at 6 mo of age the activities of both enzymes were higher than that of the age-matched sedentary controls, but the oldest animals (17-22 mo) responded negatively (i.e., a decreased enzymatic activity compared with sedentary individuals of the same age). These results suggest that, after a certain age, the initiation of endurance exercise may not result in the same adaptive response as occurs in younger animals. In the case of actomyosin ATPase this may be a consequence of a different distribution of myosin isozymes. PMID- 6226631 TI - Evaluation of laparoscopy for obtaining renal biopsy specimens from dogs and cats. AB - Laparoscopic direction of renal biopsy was evaluated in 37 dogs and 1 cat suspected of having renal disease. Specimens adequate for morphologic diagnosis were obtained in 37 cases (97%). Eleven of the 38 animals were necropsied and the biopsy diagnosis was confirmed in 10 of the cases (91%). Excessive pericapsular hemorrhage and severe hematuria developed in 1 dog. Three dogs (8%) had macroscopic hematuria for 24 hours after biopsy. PMID- 6226632 TI - Religion and religious studies in health care and health education. AB - Throughout history religion and medicine have been closely intertwined. This essay outlines some of the bases for cooperation between religious studies and the education and practice of allied health professionals. Four themes are identified in which religious perspectives encourage critical scrutiny of values and assumptions that shape health care: (1) definitions of health and sickness; (2) the relation of health as a human value to other human values; (3) attitudes toward the aged, incurable, deformed, or retarded individual; and (4) attitudes toward nature. Three areas are discussed in which religious studies may make specific contributions to the allied health curriculum: (1) preparing students for the encounter with pluralism; (2) supplying an existential focus on the experience of illness to supplement the technical focus of professional training; and (3) emphasizing the common humanity that links patient and health care provider. PMID- 6226633 TI - Postnatal growth and differentiation of muscle fibres in the mouse. I. A histochemical and morphometrical investigation of normal muscle. AB - A histochemical classification of muscle fibres based on three enzymes (ATPase, pre-inc. pH 4:35; succinic dehydrogenase and alpha-glycerol-phosphate dehydrogenase) was used to describe postnatal growth and differentiation of muscle fibres. The m. soleus, m. plantaris and m. gastrocnemius were examined in normal mice from birth to the young adult stage. At birth, differentiation of the gastrocnemius muscle was in a more advanced stage than that of the plantaris and the soleus muscles, while the last of these was the least developed. During growth, as well as in the (young) adult, there was a distinct relation between fibre type and size, which, however, differed per muscle (region). The development of muscle fibres was a gradual process, rather than a succession of distinct stages, although a change in fibre type was often accompanied by a change in size. Differentiation of fibres already occurred perinatally, and the "adult fast' fibre types appeared during the second week postnatally, varying with the muscle region. During development, a percentage of fibres remained as a population that was histochemically and morphometrically intermediate between the fast-oxidative-glycolytic and fast-glycolytic adult fibres. A model is presented in which the most probable pathways of development are depicted. PMID- 6226634 TI - Rat extraocular muscle. 2. Histochemical fibre types. AB - A battery of histochemical stains was used to differentiate the component fibre populations in rat superior oblique muscle. Seven histochemical fibre types were identified and found to be comparable to those observed in a prior light and electron microscopic study of the muscle. The global region of the muscle contained three singly innervated fibre populations (pale, intermediate and red) and one of multiply innervated fibres. THe global singly innervated fibre populations produced a spectrum of fibre types with trichrome, succinate dehydrogenase and Sudan black. The overlying orbital surface layer contained two populations of singly innervated fibres and an additional population of multiply innervated fibres. All the singly innervated fibres (both global and orbital) exhibited a high mATPase activity at pH 10.4 and a low mATPase activity at pH 4.6. The global multiply innervated fibres had low mATPase activity at pH 10.4 and high mATPase activity at pH 4.6. The multiply innervated fibres of the orbital surface layer exhibited high mATPase activity at pH 10.4 and at pH 4.6. The global multiply innervated fibres are similar to the tonic fibres found in amphibian muscle, both histochemically and ultrastructurally. Based upon their histochemical reactivities with the various stains, the multiply innervated fibres of the orbital surface layer appear to be faster acting than the global multiply innervated fibres. Furthermore, it is postulated that the former have polyneuronal innervation and are capable of dual mATPase synthesis. PMID- 6226635 TI - Phage inactivation by aclacinomycin A and its analogues. PMID- 6226636 TI - Laser Doppler measurements of cochlear blood flow. AB - Blood flow to the inner ear was studied with a laser Doppler system in the acute guinea pig. Flow was measured through the lateral wall of the basal turn. Changes in simultaneous measures of cochlear and skin flow with rebreathing, epinephrine, phentolamine and terminal bleeding were studied. Cochlear blood flow followed skin blood flow in most cases; where it did not, the change was in an expected direction. The laser Doppler flowmeter appears to provide a direct, dynamic and linear measure of inner ear blood flow. PMID- 6226637 TI - Antibacterial activity of norfloxacin. PMID- 6226638 TI - The true meaning of trismus: a review of tetanus. PMID- 6226639 TI - National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Conference statement- coronary artery bypass surgery: scientific and clinical aspects. December 3-5, 1980. PMID- 6226640 TI - Chemonucleolysis. PMID- 6226641 TI - Arkansas Department of Health Childhood Immunization Program. PMID- 6226642 TI - The management of suspected AIDS patients. PMID- 6226643 TI - Endoscopic sclerotherapy for bleeding esophageal varices. PMID- 6226644 TI - Eye problems of prematurity - alert. PMID- 6226645 TI - "The gravity of the situation". PMID- 6226646 TI - Bat rabies in Arkansas. PMID- 6226647 TI - Clinical incidence and causes of metabolic alkalosis in children. PMID- 6226648 TI - Levels of sulfhydryls and disulfides in proteins from Neurospora crassa conidia and mycelia. AB - Proteins extracted with 6 M guanidine at 90 degrees C from conidia (asexual spores) of Neurospora crassa contained ca. 25% more total protein thiol and a fivefold-higher content of disulfide bonds than proteins extracted from mycelia, as determined by labeling with iodo[14C]acetic acid. The total thiol content was 88 mumol/g of protein in conidia and 70 mumol/g of protein in mycelia. The level of protein disulfide was 18.5 mumol/g of protein in conidia and 3.5 mumol/g of protein in mycelia, by the iodo[14C]acetic acid labeling method. Confirmatory results were obtained with 5'5-dithio-bis-2-nitrobenzoic acid titration of protein thiol groups in 1% sodium dodecyl sulfate as well as by amino acid analysis of cysteic acid derivatives. Buffer-extracted proteins from conidia, but not mycelia, were found to contain enriched levels of protein thiols and disulfides per gram of protein as compared with guanidine hydrochloride extracts. It was demonstrated that the high disulfide content of crude conidial extracts was not due to measurable levels of mixed disulfides formed between protein sulfhydryl groups and cysteine. During germination of the conidia, the high disulfide levels of the conidial proteins remained constant. These data suggest that, unlike the disulfides of glutathione, the bulk of conidial protein disulfides were not reduced, excreted, or extensively degraded during germination. PMID- 6226649 TI - Mu dX, a derivative of Mu d1 (lac Apr) which makes stable lacZ fusions at high temperature. AB - We describe defective Mu phage Mu dX (Mu d1 Bx::Tn9 [lac Apr Cmr]) which is useful for insertion mutagenesis and for construction of lac operon fusions in vivo. Mu dX retains the insertion properties of Mu d1 but produces temperature resistant lysogens and transposes at a reduced frequency. A method is described to convert existing Mu d1 insertions to Mu dX. PMID- 6226650 TI - Instability of bacteriophage lambda initiator O and P proteins in DNA replication. AB - Lambda dv plasmids having an amber mutation in an initiator gene, O or P, were constructed from mutant lambda phages by recombinant DNA techniques and several properties of such derivatives were investigated. These plasmids are perpetuated in suppressor-plus (amber-permissive) cells, but not in non-suppressor cells. The plasmid copy number in the suppressor-plus cells was low as compared to that of the plasmid without the amber mutation. In cells carrying a thermosensitive suppressor 2, raising the temperature is expected to block new production of amber proteins, but should not affect conservation of the protein made prior to heating. It was observed, however, that replication of the plasmids carrying an amber mutation in the O or P gene was abolished soon after raising the temperature, suggesting that neither of the initiator proteins can continue functioning unless replenished. Pulse-chase experiments demonstrated that O protein decays with a half-life of 8 min. Several lines of evidence suggest that this degradation occurs independently of the protein function. On the other hand, P protein was not degraded under the same experimental conditions. These observations are discussed in connection with functional instability of the initiator molecules. It appears that they do not work catalytically. PMID- 6226651 TI - Construction of a lambda packageable ColE1 vector which permits cloning of large DNA fragments: cloning of thyA gene of Escherichia coli. AB - A small packageable plasmid depending on the ColE1 replicon was constructed from ColE1-gal-cos lambda:: Tn3, pKY2113 (T. Nakamura et al. (1981) J. Biochem. 90, 1013), and named pKY2662. This plasmid carries ampicillin resistance and colicin E1 immunity genes as selective markers, and has neither mobilization function nor movable transposon. The molecular size of pKY2662 is 8.7 kb, and it has a single cleavage site each for BamHI, Bg/II, ClaI, EcoRI, HpaI, PstI, and Tth111I. By using pKY2662 as a vector, a 32 kb Escherichia coli DNA fragment covering thyA, recC, recB, and argA genes was cloned. This new small cosmid is among the most efficient vectors hitherto found for in vitro cloning of large DNA fragments. PMID- 6226652 TI - Biosynthesis of glycogen in Neurospora crassa. Purification and properties of the branching enzyme. AB - A branching enzyme was extracted from the mycelia of Neurospora crassa and was purified to electrophoretic homogeneity by procedures including DEAE-Sephacel column chromatography, 6-aminohexyl-Sepharose 4B column chromatography and gel filtration on Toyopearl HW-55S. The final yield of the branching enzyme activity was 15.1%, and the final purified enzyme preparation showed a specific activity of 702 units per mg of protein. The molecular weight of this enzyme was estimated to be 80,000 by electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel. The amino acid composition and the carbohydrate content of this enzyme were analyzed. The isoelectric point of this enzyme determined by polyacrylamide gel isoelectrofocusing was 5.6. The branching activity of the enzyme was confirmed by its action on amylopectin as well as by the combined action of this enzyme and N. crassa glycogen synthase. The action of this enzyme on amylopectin decreased the wavelength of the absorption maximum of the glucan-iodine complex, and increased the amount of the short unit chains of the debranched product. The product obtained by the combined action yielded beta-limit dextrin upon hydrolysis with beta-amylase. No multiplicity was found for the branching activity either by chromatography or by electrophoresis. PMID- 6226653 TI - Fluorescence decay time measurements of Eu3+-ATP-enzyme complexes. Replacement of the metal hydration water by active site ligands. AB - Measurements of the fluorescent lifetimes of the rare earth metal Eu3+ in varying mole fractions of H2O/D2O were used to determine the hydration of the metal in the presence of ATP and/or hexokinase or chloroplast reversible ATPase. The number of water molecules coordinated to the metal in Eu3+-ATP was estimated to be 2.6; when this complex is bound to hexokinase, 1 water molecule is displaced. Upon binding to chloroplast reversible ATPase, the metal coordinates 1 water molecule while the Eu3+-ATP complex does not retain any associated solvent. These numbers are in contrast to the 9 solvent molecules coordinated to the naked metal ion. These results are discussed in reference to mechanistic and structural considerations of the two enzymes. PMID- 6226654 TI - Selective isolation of polypeptide chains bearing multiple types of postsynthetic modifications. Recovery of simultaneously acetylated and phosphorylated forms of histone H2A and high mobility group proteins 14 and 17. AB - In order to study coordinate or simultaneous modifications of chromosomal proteins by phosphorylation and acetylation, duck erythrocytes were incubated with [32P]orthophosphate and the thiol-containing acetate analogue, 2 mercaptoacetate. Enzymatic transfer of the analogue to the epsilon-amino groups of lysine residues permits the selective recovery of the newly thio-derivatized polypeptide chains by Hg-affinity chromatography, and this acetylated subpopulation can then be analyzed for [32P]phosphate uptake. The histones and high mobility group proteins were extracted from cell nuclei, purified, and finally analyzed for incorporation of [32P]phosphate and 2-mercaptoacetate. Several of the nuclear proteins, in particular histone H2A and the high mobility group proteins HMG-14 and HMG-17, were subjected to organomercurial-agarose chromatography. Significant amounts of these cysteine-free proteins were retained on the affinity column, and by this criterion were shown to have incorporated mercaptoacetate. The mercaptoacetylated proteins were further analyzed and found to contain the 32P label as well. These observations provide incontrovertible evidence that individual molecules of chromosomal proteins can carry postsynthetic modifications in the form of phosphorylation and acetylation at the same time, and also establish that both types of modification must have occurred during the short period in which the cells were exposed to the two precursors. PMID- 6226655 TI - The effects of fibrinogen and its cleavage products on the kinetics of plasminogen activation by urokinase and subsequent plasmin activity. AB - The effects of fibrinogen and its plasmic cleavage fragments on the activation of Glu-, Lys-, and Val442- plasminogen by urokinase were investigated. A possible explanation for the large variations in the published steady state parameters for Glu-plasminogen activation is the undetected formation of Lys-plasminogen and its subsequent more rapid activation to plasmin. When Lys-plasminogen formation was avoided, the Km for Glu-plasminogen activation by urokinase was 2.5 microM with or without lysine present and the catalytic rate constant (kcat) was 3.4 min-1 in the absence of lysine, but increased to 49.0 min-1 in its presence. For Lys plasminogen activation, both the Km of 2.7 microM and the kcat of 57.8 min-1 were only slightly increased by lysine. With Val442-plasminogen, the absence of the first 4 kringle structures of Lys-plasminogen resulted in a 6-fold higher Km and a 3-fold higher kcat, both of which were relatively unchanged by lysine. The specificity of urokinase for Val442-plasminogen, as measured by the quotient kcat/Km was thus half that for Lys-plasminogen. Fibrinogen, Fragment D, and Fragment E enhanced the rate of activation of Glu-plasminogen to Glu-plasmin as measured by the irreversible binding of plasmin to fluorescently labeled bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor. Both fibrinogen and Fragment D increased the value of kcat/Km about 4-fold whereas Fragment E caused a 2-fold enhancement. In contrast to Glu-plasminogen activation, the urokinase activation of Lys plasminogen was not affected by fibrinogen or its fragments, yet a marked inhibition of Lys-plasmin autolysis occurred in their presence, with the half life of plasmin being increased 13-fold by fibrinogen, 5-fold by Fragment D, and 3-fold by Fragment E. The K4 kringle region may be particularly involved in the plasmin-plasmin interaction that results in autolysis, since it significantly reduced degradation when incubated with Lys-plasmin. Val442-plasmin displayed essentially no autolysis, which further implicates the first 4 kringles in the autolytic reactions. In addition to these effects, the rate of Glu-plasminogen conversion to Lys-plasminogen by plasmin was increased 4-fold by fibrinogen or Fragment E, but only 2-fold by Fragment D. This augmentation was not merely due to inhibition of Lys-plasmin autolysis since Fragment D has a greater effect in that regard. The sum of these interactions indicates that Glu-plasminogen binds to the Fragment D region of fibrinogen/fibrin through its low affinity binding site(s) and, as when lysine binds at these sites, the activation to Glu-plasmin is then accelerated.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6226657 TI - UDP-GlcNAc:Gal beta 1-4Glc(NAc) beta 1-3N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase. Identification and characterization in human serum. AB - A beta 1-3-N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferase has been detected in human serum which transfers N-acetylglucosamine residues from UDP-GlcNAc to terminal Gal beta 1 4Glc(NAc) structures in oligosaccharides, glycoproteins, glycolipids, and proteoglycans. The product of the transferase reaction with lactose as acceptor was identified by methylation analysis and mass spectrometry as GlcNAc beta 1 3Gal beta 1-4Glc. The beta-linkage of the GlcNAc in the synthesized trisaccharide was confirmed by the action of the specific enzymes beta-hexosaminidase and beta N-acetylglucosaminide beta 1-4-galactosyltransferase. Kinetic parameters were determined for UDP-GlcNAc, lactose, and N-acetyllactosamine. The enzyme requires Mn2+ ions for maximal activity and shows a pH optimum between 6 and 8. Using a wide variety of synthetic and natural oligosaccharides, the substrate specificity of the beta 1-3N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase was investigated. The enzyme was found to recognize specifically the free terminal structure Gal beta 1-4Glc(NAc). The substrate specificity was found to be equally stringent for glycoconjugates. Among the glycoproteins and glycolipids tested as acceptors, N-acetylglucosamine was incorporated only into those containing free terminal Gal beta 1-4Glc(NAc) structures. When the terminal galactose residues were partially removed, the transfer of N-acetylglucosamine was strongly reduced. PMID- 6226656 TI - 1-deoxynojirimycin impairs oligosaccharide processing of alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor and inhibits its secretion in primary cultures of rat hepatocytes. AB - 1-Deoxynojirimycin was found to inhibit oligosaccharide processing of rat alpha 1 proteinase inhibitor. In normal hepatocytes alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor was present in the cells as a 49,000 Mr high mannose type glycoprotein with oligosaccharide side chains having the composition Man9GlcNAc and Man8GlcNAc with the former in a higher proportion. Hepatocytes treated with 5 mM 1 deoxynojirimycin accumulated alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor as a 51,000 Mr glycoprotein with carbohydrate side chains of the high mannose type, containing glucose as measured by their sensitivity against alpha-glucosidase, the largest species being Glc3Man9GlcNAc. Conversion to complex oligosaccharides was inhibited by the drug. In addition, increasing concentrations of 1 deoxynojirimycin inhibited glycosylation resulting in the formation of some alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor with two instead of three oligosaccharide side chains. 5 mM 1-deoxynojirimycin inhibited the secretion of alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor by about 50%, whereas secretion of albumin was unaffected. The oligosaccharides of alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor secreted from 1-deoxynojirimycin-treated cells were characterized by their susceptibility to endoglucosaminidase H, incorporation of [3H]galactose, and [3H]fucose and concanavalin A-Sepharose chromatography. It was found that 1-deoxynojirimycin did not completely block oligosaccharide processing, resulting in the formation of alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor molecules carrying one or two complex type oligosaccharides. Only these alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor molecules processed to the complex type in one or two of their oligosaccharide chains were nearly exclusively secreted. This finding demonstrates the importance of oligosaccharide processing for the secretion of alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor. PMID- 6226658 TI - Stimulation by thyroid hormone analogues of red blood cell Ca2+-ATPase activity in vitro. Correlations between hormone structure and biological activity in a human cell system. AB - Human red blood cell membrane Ca2+-ATPase activity is stimulated in vitro by physiological concentrations (10(-10) M) of L-thyroxine (L-T4) and 3,5,3'-triiodo L-thyronine (L-T3). This human cell system has been utilized to examine a series of iodothyronine and iodotyrosine analogues for structure-activity relationships. Analogue purity was verified by high pressure liquid chromatography. Analogues were studied at a concentration of 10(-10) M and the stimulatory effect of each analogue was compared with that of L-T4 in this system. Essential to Ca2+-ATPase stimulation were occupation of the 3 and 5 phenyl positions by iodide, bromide, or methyl groups, the L-configuration of the alanine side chain, side chain length equal to that of alanine, and a perpendicular (skewed) conformation of the two rings. The 4'-hydroxyl group is not essential to Ca2+-ATPase stimulation in this model system. T3 was 76% as active as T4 in stimulating Ca2+-ATPase activity. The stimulatory effect of 3,5-dimethyl-3'-isopropyl-L-thyronine and 3,5,3',5'-tetrabromo-L-thyronine approximated that of L-T4. Selected tyrosine analogues also stimulated the enzyme. The bioactivities of hormone analogues in this human model of extra-nuclear thyroid hormone action differ in several ways from results obtained previously in other animal model systems in vitro and in vivo. PMID- 6226659 TI - Interaction of AP-2, a monoclonal antibody specific for the human platelet glycoprotein IIb-IIIa complex, with intact platelets. AB - A murine monoclonal antibody, designated AP-2, reacts specifically with the complex formed by human platelet membrane glycoproteins IIb and IIIa, but does not react at all with the individual glycoproteins. Purified AP-2 covalently coupled to Sepharose CL4B was used as an immunoadsorbent column to purify the IIb IIIa complex from a preparation of Triton X-100-solubilized human platelet proteins. Radioiodinated AP-2 was shown to bind to a single class of sites, with 57,400 +/- 9,700 molecules bound per cell (mean +/- S.D.) at saturation and a dissociation constant (Kd) of 0.64 +/- 0.15 nM (mean +/- S.D.). Binding could not be readily reversed even after a 1-h incubation with a 100-fold excess of cold antibody. AP-2 inhibits ADP-induced binding of radiolabeled fibrinogen to gel filtered platelets in a noncompetitive fashion, consistent with the previous observation that AP-2 also inhibits the aggregation of platelets in plasma induced by a number of physiologic agonists, including adenosine diphosphate, epinephrine, collagen, thrombin, and arachidonic acid. Using AP-2, we have obtained evidence that the IIb-IIIa complex exists in the membrane of intact nonstimulated platelets and that complex integrity is not affected by external calcium ion concentration. PMID- 6226660 TI - Histone deacetylation is required for the maturation of newly replicated chromatin. AB - The effects of inhibiting histone deacetylation on the maturation of newly replicated chromatin have been examined. HeLa cells were labeled with [3H]thymidine in the presence or absence of sodium butyrate; control experiments demonstrated that butyrate did not significantly inhibit DNA replication for at least 70 min. Like normal nascent chromatin, chromatin labeled for brief periods (0.5-1 min) in the presence of butyrate was more sensitive to digestion with DNase I and micrococcal nuclease than control bulk chromatin. However, chromatin replicated in butyrate did not mature as in normal replication, but instead retained approximately 50% of its heightened sensitivity to DNase I. Incubation of mature chromatin in butyrate for 1 h did not induce DNase I sensitivity: therefore, the presence of sodium butyrate was required during replication to preserve the increased digestibility of nascent chromatin DNA. In contrast, sodium butyrate did not inhibit or retard the maturation of newly replicated chromatin when assayed by micrococcal nuclease digestion, as determined by the following criteria: 1) digestion to acid solubility, 2) rate of conversion to mononucleosomes, 3) repeat length, and 4) presence of non-nucleosomal DNA. Consistent with the properties of chromatin replicated in butyrate, micrococcal nuclease also did not preferentially attack the internucleosomal linkers of chromatin regions acetylated in vivo. The observation of a novel chromatin replication intermediate, which is highly sensitive to DNase I but possesses normal resistance to micrococcal nuclease, suggests that nucleosome assembly and histone deacetylation are not obligatorily coordinated. Thus, while deacetylation is required for chromatin maturation, histone acetylation apparently affects chromatin organization at a level distinct from that of core particle or linker, possibly by altering higher order structure. PMID- 6226661 TI - Characterization of heparan sulfate proteoglycans synthesized by rat ovarian granulosa cells in culture. AB - Rat ovarian granulosa cells were isolated from immature female rats after stimulation with pregnant mare's serum gonadotropin and maintained in culture. Proteoglycans were labeled using [35S]sulfate, [3H]serine, [3H]glucosamine, or [3H]mannose as precursors. A species of heparan sulfate proteoglycan was purified using DEAE-Sephacel chromatography under dissociative conditions in the presence of detergent. The heparan sulfate proteoglycan, which constituted approximately 15% of the 35S-labeled proteoglycans in the culture medium has a similar hydrodynamic size (Kd = 0.62 on Sepharose CL-2B) and buoyant density distribution in CsCl density gradients as the low buoyant density dermatan sulfate proteoglycan synthesized by the same granulosa cells and described in the accompanying report (Yanagishita, M., and Hascall, V. C. (1983) J. Biol. Chem. 258, 12847-12856). The heparan sulfate chains (average Mr = 28,000) have an average of 0.8-0.9 sulfate groups/repeating disaccharide, of which 50% are N sulfate, 30% are alkaline-labile O-sulfate (presumably on the 6-position of glucosamine residues), and 20% are alkaline-resistant O-sulfate groups. Alkaline borohydride treatment released both N-linked oligosaccharide-peptides containing mannose, glucosamine, and sialic acid, and O-linked oligosaccharides. Trypsin digestion of the proteoglycan generated fragments which contain (a) glycosaminoglycan-peptides with an average of 2 heparan sulfate chains/peptide; (b) clusters of O-linked oligosaccharides on peptides; and (c) N-linked oligosaccharide-peptides, which are as small as single N-linked oligosaccharides. The compositions of the O-linked and N-linked oligosaccharides and the trypsin fragments of this heparan sulfate proteoglycan were very similar to those of the low buoyant density dermatan sulfate proteoglycan synthesized by the same cells. PMID- 6226663 TI - Kinetic evidence for interacting active sites in the Neurospora crassa plasma membrane ATPase. AB - The rate of MgATP hydrolysis (v) by the Neurospora plasma membrane ATPase shows a sigmoid relationship to substrate concentration ( [S] ), which is precisely fit by the equation: v = (Vmax X [S]2)/(Km + [S]2). This equation describes an enzyme with two substrate-binding sites, both of which must be filled for hydrolysis to occur. At concentrations above 1 mM, both free Mg2+ and free ATP behave as competitive inhibitors of the ATPase. Free ATP, although not hydrolyzed, can also significantly stimulate the rate of activity at low substrate concentrations, thus reducing the sigmoidicity in the v versus [S] curve. Vanadate also stimulates the ATPase if the MgATP concentration is below the Km. (Vanadate is a potent inhibitor of activity at saturating MgATP concentrations.) The effect of vanadate is to eliminate the sigmoidicity in the v versus [S] plot. The kinetic behavior of the ATPase suggests that binding to one active site by MgATP, free ATP, or vanadate permits hydrolysis of MgATP at a second site. PMID- 6226662 TI - Partial purification and properties of a murine plasmacytoma glucosyltransferase. AB - The enzyme UDP-glucose:dolichylphosphate glucosyltransferase has been purified 1700-fold from MOPC-315 plasmacytoma tissue. The purification combines differential detergent extraction of purified rough endoplasmic reticulum with subsequent ion exchange chromatography, dye affinity chromatography, and hydroxylapatite chromatography of the extract. The partially purified glucosyltransferase exhibits a Km of 0.79 microM for UDP-Glc and a Km of 0.65 microM for dolicholphosphate in the presence of 4 mg/ml of phosphatidylcholine. The reaction is dependent upon the addition of exogenous dolicholphosphate. The enzyme is activated by the choline containing lipids phosphatidylcholine, lysophosphatidylcholine, and sphingomyelin. The dye Remazol blue acts as a competitive inhibitor of the enzyme with respect to UDP-Glc. The molecular weight of the enzyme has been determined to be approximately 37,000. The sole reaction product has been identified as dolichylphosphate glucose by isolation of the product by DEAE-cellulose chromatography and subsequent analysis of the acid hydrolyzed product by both Bio-Gel P2 gel filtration and paper chromatography. PMID- 6226664 TI - Nonhistone nuclear high mobility group proteins 14 and 17 stabilize nucleosome core particles. AB - Nucleosome core particles form well defined complexes with the nuclear nonhistone proteins HMG 14 or 17. The binding of HMG 14 or 17 to nucleosomes results in greater stability of the nucleosomal DNA as shown by circular dichroism and thermal denaturation. Under appropriate conditions the binding is cooperative, and cooperativity is ionic strength dependent. The specificity and cooperative transitions of high mobility group (HMG) binding are preserved in 1 M urea. Specificity is lost in 4 M urea. Thermal denaturation and circular dichroism show a dramatic reversal of the effects of urea on nucleosomes when HMG 14 or 17 is bound, indicating stabilization of the nucleosome by HMG proteins. Complexes formed between reconstructed nucleosomes containing purified inner histones plus poly(dA-dT) and HMG 14 or 17 demonstrate that the HMG binding site requires only DNA and histones. Electron microscopy reveals no major structural alterations in the nucleosome upon binding of HMG 14 or 17. Cross-linking the nucleosome extensively with formaldehyde under cooperative HMG binding conditions does not prevent the ionic strength-dependent shift to noncooperative binding. This suggests mechanisms other than internal nucleosome conformational changes may be involved in cooperative HMG binding. PMID- 6226665 TI - Significance of phosphorylation of phosphofructokinase. AB - In order to understand the effect of phosphorylation on phosphofructokinase, the allosteric kinetic behavior, ligand binding at various pHs, and pH-dependent cold inactivation of phosphofructokinase phosphorylated to different extents were studied. A subtilisin-digested phosphofructokinase from which a COOH-terminal peptide containing a phosphorylation site has been cleaved (Riquelme, P. T., and Kemp, R. G. (1980) J. Biol. Chem. 255, 4367-4371) was also included in these studies in order to investigate the possible role of this region of the molecule. Allosteric kinetics and direct binding experiments have shown that increasing phosphorylation of phosphofructokinase results in increased sensitivity to ATP inhibition and stronger binding of ATP to the inhibitory site of the enzyme. Ths subtilisin-cleaved phosphofructokinase is the least sensitive to the inhibition and shows the weakest binding of ATP. The opposite effect is observed with the binding isotherms of fructose-6-P. There is no difference in the binding of fructose-2,6-P2 among these enzymes. Binding of ATP to the inhibitory site of these enzymes as determined by fluorescence quenching (Pettigrew, D. W., and Frieden, C. (1979) J. Biol. Chem. 254, 1887-1895) is affected by pH; the binding is greatly enhanced at lower pH. Moreover, there is little difference in the binding among the modified enzymes at pH 8, but at lower pHs the binding to the phosphorylated enzyme is much more enhanced than the dephosphoenzyme. A pH dependent cold inactivation study has shown that the phosphorylation of the enzyme causes an increase in the pK value for the inactivation, and the extent of the pK shift depends upon the degree of phosphorylation. Based on these results, a model originally proposed by Frieden et al. (Frieden, C., Gilbert, H. R., and Bock, P. E. (1976) J. Biol. Chem. 251, 5644-5647) can be applied to explain a possible role for the phosphorylation and the peptide portion of phosphofructokinase in its complex allosteric kinetic behavior. PMID- 6226666 TI - Precursor proteins are transported into mitochondria in the absence of proteolytic cleavage of the additional sequences. AB - Many nuclear-coded mitochondrial proteins are synthesized as larger precursor polypeptides that are proteolytically processed during import into the mitochondrion. This processing appears to be catalyzed by a soluble, metal dependent protease localized in the mitochondrial matrix. In this report we employ an in vitro system to investigate the role of processing in protein import. Intact Neurospora crassa mitochondria were incubated with radiolabeled precursors in the presence of the chelator o-phenanthroline. Under these conditions, the processing of the precursors of the beta-subunit of F1-ATPase (F1 beta) and subunit 9 of the F0F1-ATPase was strongly inhibited. Protease-mapping studies indicated that import of the precursor proteins into the mitochondria continued in the absence of processing. Upon readdition of divalent metal to the treated mitochondria, the imported precursors were quantitatively converted to their mature forms. This processing of imported precursors occurred in the absence of a mitochondrial membrane potential and was extremely rapid even at 0 degrees C. This suggests that all or part of the polypeptide chain of the imported precursors had been translocated into the matrix location of the processing enzyme. Localization experiments suggested that the precursor to F1 beta is peripherally associated with the mitochondrial membrane while the precursor to subunit 9 appeared to be tightly bound to the membrane. We conclude that proteolytic processing is not necessary for the translocation of precursor proteins across mitochondrial membranes, but rather occurs subsequent to this event. On the basis of these and other results, a hypothetical pathway for the import of F1 beta and subunit 9 is proposed. PMID- 6226667 TI - Role of the regulatory light chains in skeletal muscle actomyosin ATPase and in minifilament formation. AB - Incubation of myosin with myopathic hamster protease results in substantial (more than 80%) removal of light chain 2 (LC2) with limited breakdown of the heavy chains. LC2-deficient myosin, purified by ion exchange chromatography, migrates as a single, monodisperse boundary in the analytical ultracentrifuge. The Ca2+- and EDTA-activated ATPases of LC2-deficient myosin are similar to those of the control and LC2-recombined myosins indicating that no denaturation occurred in its preparation. Double reciprocal plots for LC2-deficient, control, and LC2 recombined myosins reveal a biphasic behavior i.e. at actin concentrations above 11 microM, there is a sharp break in the 1/V versus 1/[actin] plots for all samples. The Vm values for LC2-deficient myosin are 50% lower (at low actin, Vm = 3.0 s-1, and at high actin, Vm = 4.2 s-1) than those for control myosin (Vm = 5.3 s-1 at low actin and 8.3 s-1 at high actin). Readdition of LC2 to LC2-deficient myosin restores the actin-activated ATPase to control levels. Electron microscopy of shadow cast preparations reveals a subtle difference between LC2-deficient myosin, and control or recombined myosin. In control and recombined myosins, S1 heads appear "pear"-shaped, whereas in LC2-deficient myosin, the S1 heads are rounder and display a "thinning" of mass in the "neck" region, suggesting that LC2 binds at the S1/S2 junction. Furthermore, removal of LC2 apparently influences the assembly of myosin into minifilaments, as revealed to a certain degree, by an increase in the width of the bare zone, accompanied by a decrease in the stability of these minifilaments. PMID- 6226668 TI - Idiopathic coccygodynia. Analysis of fifty-one operative cases and a radiographic study of the normal coccyx. AB - We studied the normal radiographic anatomy of the coccyx in 120 asymptomatic subjects and performed a retrospective review of the results in fifty-one patients who had had a partial or total coccygectomy for idiopathic coccygodynia during a twenty-year period. Of the asymptomatic subjects, the sacrococcygeal joint was fused in forty-four (37 per cent); the first intercoccygeal joint, in twelve (10 per cent); and the second intercoccygeal joint, in fifty-two (43 per cent). Four types of configuration of the coccyx were identified on the lateral radiographs. In Type I the coccyx was curved slightly forward, whereas in Type II the curve of the coccyx, which pointed straight forward, was more marked. In Type III the coccyx was angulated forward sharply, and in Type IV it was subluxated at the sacrococcygeal or the intercoccygeal joint. Most subjects (68 per cent) had a Type-I configuration. Of the fifty-one patients with idiopathic coccygodynia, twenty-six (51 per cent) showed fusion of the sacrococcygeal joint; six (12 per cent), of the first intercoccygeal joint; and twenty-five (49 per cent), of the second intercoccygeal joint. In most patients (69 per cent) the coccyx had a Type II, III, or IV configuration. Thirty-one patients had undergone a partial coccygectomy and twelve, a total coccygectomy; in the remaining eight patients the extent of the coccygectomy could not be determined. The results of surgery were excellent or good in thirty-two (88 per cent) of the thirty-six patients who were followed for at least two years.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6226669 TI - Aggregates of acetylcholine receptors are associated with plaques of a basal lamina heparan sulfate proteoglycan on the surface of skeletal muscle fibers. AB - Hybridoma techniques have been used to generate monoclonal antibodies to an antigen concentrated in the basal lamina at the Xenopus laevis neuromuscular junction. The antibodies selectively precipitate a high molecular weight heparan sulfate proteoglycan from conditioned medium of muscle cultures grown in the presence of [35S]methionine or [35S]sulfate. Electron microscope autoradiography of adult X. laevis muscle fibers exposed to 125I-labeled antibody confirms that the antigen is localized within the basal lamina of skeletal muscle fibers and is concentrated at least fivefold within the specialized basal lamina at the neuromuscular junction. Fluorescence immunocytochemical experiments suggest that a similar proteoglycan is also present in other basement membranes, including those associated with blood vessels, myelinated axons, nerve sheath, and notochord. During development in culture, the surface of embryonic muscle cells displays a conspicuously non-uniform distribution of this basal lamina proteoglycan, consisting of large areas with a low antigen site-density and a variety of discrete plaques and fibrils. Clusters of acetylcholine receptors that form on muscle cells cultured without nerve are invariably associated with adjacent, congruent plaques containing basal lamina proteoglycan. This is also true for clusters of junctional receptors formed during synaptogenesis in vitro. This correlation indicates that the spatial organization of receptor and proteoglycan is coordinately regulated, and suggests that interactions between these two species may contribute to the localization of acetylcholine receptors at the neuromuscular junction. PMID- 6226670 TI - Ultrastructure of Reichert's membrane, a multilayered basement membrane in the parietal wall of the rat yolk sac. AB - The ultrastructure of Reichert's membrane, a thick basement membrane in the parietal wall of the yolk sac, has been examined in 13-14-d pregnant rats. This membrane is composed of more or less distinct parallel layers, each one of which resembles a common basement membrane. After routine fixation in glutaraldehyde followed by osmium tetroxide, the layers appear to be mainly composed of 3-8-nm thick cords arranged in a three-dimensional network. Loosely scattered among the cords are unbranched, straight tubular structures with a diameter of 7-10 nm, which mainly run parallel to the surface and to one another; they are referred to as basotubules. Permanganate fixation emphasizes the presence of a thick feltwork of irregular material around basotubules. Finally, minute dot-like structures measuring 3.5 nm and referred to as double pegs are present within the meshes of the cord network. Reichert's membranes have been treated for 2-48 h at 25 degrees C with plasmin, a proteolytic enzyme known to rapidly digest laminin and fibronectin. After a 2-h treatment, most of the substance of the cords is digested away leaving a three-dimensional network of 1.5-2.0-nm thick filaments. The interpretation is that the cords are formed of a plasmin-resistant core filament and a plasmin-extractable sheath. When plasmin treatment is prolonged for 15 h or longer, the filaments are dissociated and disappear, while basotubules are maintained. Plasmin digestion also reveals that basotubules are composed of two parts: a ribbon-like helical wrapping and tubule proper. Further changes in the tubule under plasmin influence are interpreted as a dissociation into pentagonal units suggestive of the presence of the amyloid P component. After 48 h of plasmin treatment, basotubules are further disaggregated and dispersed, leaving only linearly arranged double pegs. Reichert's membranes with or without a 2-hr plasmin treatment have been immunostained by exposure to antibodies against either laminin or type IV collagen with the help of peroxidase markers. The results indicate that the sheath of the cords contains laminin antigenicity, while the core filament contains type IV collagen antigenicity. It is proposed that Reichert's membrane consists mainly of a three-dimensional network of cords composed of a type IV collagen filament enclosed within a laminin-containing sheath. Also present are basotubules--which may contain the amyloid P component--and double pegs whose nature is unknown. PMID- 6226672 TI - The temperament of Down's syndrome toddlers: a research note. AB - A toddler temperament questionnaire was completed by the mothers of fifteen Down's syndrome children who had been assessed two years earlier with the Carey infant temperament questionnaire. The results suggest that infants who have been scored as showing signs of difficult temperament move towards the easier signs on the toddler scale. If these temperament questionnaires are biased by maternal perceptions, this move may reflect a reduced level of maternal anxiety. PMID- 6226671 TI - An actin-depolymerizing protein (depactin) from starfish oocytes: properties and interaction with actin. AB - Physico-chemical properties and interaction with actin of an actin-depolymerizing protein from mature starfish oocytes were studied. This protein, which is called depactin, exists in a monomeric form under physiological conditions. Its molecular weight is approximately 20,000 for the native protein and approximately 17,000 for denatured protein. The Glu + Asp/Lys + Arg molar ratio of this protein is 1.55. The apparent pl of the denatured depactin is approximately 6. The extent of actin polymerization is reduced by the presence of depactin; however, the rate of polymerization seems to be accelerated as measured spectrophotometrically at 238nm. This effect is interpreted to indicate that depactin cut the newly formed filaments into small fragments, thereby increasing the number of the filament ends to which monomers are added. The apparent critical concentration of actin for polymerization, as determined by viscometry or flow birefringence measurement, is increased by the presence of depactin in a concentration dependent manner. Raising the pH of the solution does not reverse the action of depactin. The molar ratio of actin and depactin, which interact with each other, is estimated to be 1:1 by means of a cross-linking experiment using a water soluble carbodiimide. Depactin binds to a DNase I-Sepharose column via actin and is selectively eluted with 0.6 M KCl or 0.6 M Kl. The association constant between actin and depactin is estimated, using the column, to be 2-3 X 10(6) M-1. The content of depactin in the high-speed supernatant of the oocyte extract is determined to be 1%; this can act upon approximately 63% of the actin in the supernatant. PMID- 6226673 TI - Simultaneous analysis of 5'-deoxy-5-fluorouridine and 5-fluorouracil in plasma by analytical isotachophoresis. AB - Analytical isotachophoresis was used for the determination of 5-fluorouracil and 5'-deoxy-5-fluorouridine in plasma. The inclusion of spacers in the system greatly improved the separation and quantitation. The method can be employed for simultaneous measurements of fluorinated pyrimidines used in clinical practice. PMID- 6226675 TI - Changes in fetal rhesus monkey plasma dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate: relationship to gestational age, adrenal weight and preterm delivery. AB - These studies were performed to assess the concentrations of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHAS) in the rhesus monkey fetal circulation from midgestation through the neonatal period, to determine the relation between changes in fetal adrenal size and DHAS levels both during gestation and after surgical stress, and to explore possible relations between changes in the concentration of DHAS in the fetal circulation and the initiation of labor. When plasma DHAS was quantified in cord blood and in serial samples from chronically catheterized rhesus monkey fetuses, a significant increase in plasma DHAS concentration occurred after 150 days gestational age (404 +/- 37 vs. 1093 +/- 159 ng/ml), and an additional increase was found after 159 days (2246 +/- 712 ng/ml). A diurnal change in fetal plasma DHAS occurred in chronically catheterized fetuses, with evening samples having higher values than morning samples. Further, there was an increase in plasma DHAS concentrations in the 4-5 days after fetal surgery. A significant increase in fetal plasma DHAS concentration occurred in the newborn rhesus monkey. Although plasma DHAS concentrations remained significantly higher than in the late gestation fetus, they decreased by approximately half within the first 2 weeks of life. A close correlation existed between fetal plasma DHAS and fetal adrenal weight in control fetuses delivered by hysterotomy and fetuses that were delivered 5 days after fetal surgery. Adrenal weights in the latter were significantly higher than those in comparably aged fetuses delivered by hysterotomy that had not undergone the stress of fetal surgery. The possible relationship between the increase in plasma DHAS and the initiation of labor was studied by monitoring the changes in daily morning DHAS concentrations in long term catheterized fetuses and comparing these values to the mean cross-sectional DHAS values corresponding to that gestational age. In all but one case, the values of DHAS, although they increased preceding delivery, were still within the range found in fetuses of the same gestational age that were not in labor. These data indicate that increases in DHAS are intimately related to parallel increases in fetal adrenal weight, that there are striking increases in DHAS levels near the end of gestation, that an increase in DHAS is a component of the fetal response to surgical stress, and that there is no immediately apparent, direct relationship between fetal DHAS and preterm delivery. PMID- 6226674 TI - Underlying cause of death as recorded for multiple sclerosis patients: associated factors. AB - The coding of multiple sclerosis (MS) as underlying cause of death (UCD) on the death certificate provides an important epidemiologic resource for both descriptive and analytic studies. However, not all deaths among MS patients will be so coded. We investigated the effect on estimated occurrence of MS and on characteristics of MS patients when only UCD codes are used to identify cases. Of 2329 MS patients living in Los Angeles County (California) or King/Pierce Counties (Washington) in 1970, 438 had died by 1980. Only 53% of the deaths were coded to MS; 47% were attributed to other causes. Based on our comparisons, the use of only MS-coded deaths to describe decedents would: underestimate the age at MS onset; overestimate the female:male ratio; underestimate age at death; and underestimate duration of MS. Also, the percentage of MS-coded deaths decreased with lengthening duration of follow-up of these prevalent cases. The effect of using only UCD codes to report characteristics of decedents with other chronic diseases may well be similar. PMID- 6226677 TI - Multicenter evaluation of the proposed quality control limits and interpretive zone standards for in vitro susceptibility testing with norfloxacin. AB - A seven-center collaborative study was carried out to evaluate the in vitro performance of the 10 micrograms norfloxacin disks on the basis of previously proposed interpretive susceptibility zone standards and quality control parameters. Of 7,858 clinical isolates tested, 93.2, 4.9, and 1.9% fell into the susceptible, moderately susceptible, and resistant groups, respectively. The quality control data based on a total of 1,368 zone diameter measurements compared quite favorably with the proposed performance limits as follows: Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, 28 to 35 mm versus 28 to 36 mm; Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, 21 to 29 mm versus 17 to 29 mm; and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, 23 to 27 mm versus 22 to 29 mm. PMID- 6226676 TI - Determination of immune complexes in sera from dogs with various diseases by mastocytoma cell assay. AB - Canine immunoglobulin G complexed with particulate or soluble antigen can bind to the Fc receptors on the mastocytoma cells. Attachment of immune complexes composed of immunoglobulin G and soluble antigen (ovalbumin) to mastocytoma cells was detected by an inhibition of rosette formation with indicator cells (sensitized sheep erythrocytes). Therefore, canine circulating immune complexes may also attach to mastocytoma cells and inhibit rosette formation (mastocytoma cell assay). Sera from 326 dogs with various diseases and from 50 clinically normal dogs were assayed for immune complexes. The incidence of immune complexes in sera from normal dogs was 6% as compared with 25% in dogs with various diseases. The immune complexes were demonstrated in 37% of sera from dogs with various neoplastic diseases, 40% of sera from dogs with diabetes, 24% of sera from dogs with hypothyroidism, 50% of sera from dogs with mycotic disease, 75% of sera from dogs with arthritis, 38% of sera from dogs with kidney disorders, 40% of sera from dogs with neurological diseases, 45% of sera from dogs with various parasitic diseases, and 27% of sera from dogs with liver disorders. Only 19% of sera from dogs admitted to the hospital for various surgeries gave positive results. The incidence of the positive sera from dogs with various diseases is discussed in regard to their counterparts of human diseases. PMID- 6226678 TI - Radiating leg pain and positive straight leg raising in spondylolysis in children. AB - Three children presented with low back pain radiating to the leg and with spasm of the hamstring and paravertebral muscles. Since the pain could not be ascribed to trauma, it was necessary to exclude the presence of infection or tumors. All the signs--localization of the pain, tenderness on one side of the back, X-ray film findings of unilateral or bilateral spondylolysis, and localized positive bone scan--pointed to spondylolysis as the cause of pain. All three children exhibited symptoms resembling those found in the facet syndrome described by Mooney and Robertson. PMID- 6226680 TI - Atypical oculomotor paresis. AB - A series of patients is presented with partial oculomotor palsies. The accompanying signs of neurologic dysfunction are indicative of a mesencephalic lesion. The peculiar anatomy of the third cranial nerve permits one to infer precise localization of the lesions. PMID- 6226679 TI - Impairment of the autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction in atopic dermatitis. AB - The T cell proliferative response to autologous non-T cells is termed the autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction (AMLR). Recent studies have suggested that the AMLR represents an inducer circuit for the activation of T8+ suppressor/cytotoxic effector cells. Since atopic dermatitis (AD) patients are deficient in T8+ cytolytic T cell function, we investigated the AMLR in AD. When sheep erythrocytes were used to separate T cells from non-T cells, the AMLR was found to be significantly decreased (P less than 0.001) in AD patients (n = 11; delta cpm = 1,550 +/- 393) when compared with normal control subjects (n = 13; delta cpm = 25,819 +/- 4,609). To exclude the possibility that these results were an artifact of the sheep erythrocyte separation, T cells were also separated on a fluorescence-activated cell sorter after treatment of peripheral blood lymphocytes with the OKT3 monoclonal antibody. AD T cells separated by the latter method were also found to have a significantly reduced AMLR response when compared with similarly treated normal T cells. Co-culture studies using cells from AD patients and their HLA identical siblings indicated that the defect resided at the responder T cell level rather than at the stimulator non-T cell level. Co-culture studies revealed no evidence for excessive suppressor cell activity resulting in the decreased AMLR. However, enumeration of T cells reactive with the monoclonal antibody T29, which recognizes a subset of T cells proliferating in the AMLR, demonstrated that AD patients (n = 8; % T29 = 2.5 +/- 0.7) had a significantly decreased (P less than 0.001) number of circulating T29+ T cells when compared with normal controls (n = 8; % T29 = 10.4 +/- 0.8). These studies suggest that a deficiency of T4+ T29+ cells contributes to the deficient AMLR in AD and possibly underlies the abnormalities of T8+ effector cells present in this disease. PMID- 6226681 TI - Hemianopic Fresnel prisms. AB - Patients with homonymous hemianopic visual field defects have been treated by using a 30-diopter Fresnel plastic paste-on prism on their glasses. A patient with a left homonymous hemianopia, for instance, can have a 30-diopter base left (i.e., base out) Fresnel prism placed on the temporal half of the left spectacle lens. The prism need be only on one lens. A small 1- to 1.5-mm portion can be cut out of the center to prevent diplopia. This device is widely available and easier to obtain than a hemianopic mirror on the frames. Use of this device is illustrated in the report. PMID- 6226682 TI - Intravenous digital subtraction angiography in neuro-ophthalmology. AB - The development of computer reconstructed images of the extracranial and intracranial vessels after injecting modest doses of intravenous contrast media has significantly altered standard angiography procedures. Intravenous digital subtraction angiography is a reproducible and rapid outpatient procedure that is less expensive and safer than conventional arteriography. The applications and limitations of this new technique to neuro-ophthalmology are discussed. PMID- 6226683 TI - The aged brain. PMID- 6226684 TI - Cryptococcal meningitis. An atypical presentation. AB - A previously healthy 23-year-old white female presented with a history of horizontal diplopia prior to any other symptoms. Physical examination revealed bilateral sixth cranial nerve palsies, papilledema, right Horner's syndrome, and right hemiparesis. Cryptococcus neoformans was isolated from the cerebrospinal fluid. This is the first documented case of Horner's syndrome associated with cryptococcal meningitis. PMID- 6226685 TI - Doppler sonography in the diagnosis of dural carotidcavernous fistula. AB - Intracranial dural fistulas in the region of the cavernous sinus usually occur in middle-aged or elderly women in whom physical findings of ocular pulsation, orbital bruit, and ocular injection are subtle or absent. We examined a 19-year old man with hemophilia who had a red, mildly proptosed left eye. Typical features of a carotidcavernous sinus fistula were absent except for the presence of dilated, tortuous episcleral vessels. Directional Doppler ultrasound evaluation detected retrograde blood flow in the left frontal vein and thus confirmed the presence of an arteriovenous shunt. After a selective internal carotid angiogram demonstrated a shunt from a dural branch of the internal carotid artery, the patient's symptoms remitted spontaneously. Directional Doppler ultrasonography is a noninvasive test that can detect the presence of a low flow, retrobulbar arteriovenous shunt in the region of the cavernous sinus. PMID- 6226686 TI - Anomalous optic discs in a patient with a Dandy-Walker cyst. AB - A 19-month-old female infant with a Dandy-Walker cyst had anomalous optic discs, each of which appeared to divide to form an accessory optic nerve. The discs probably lie within the spectrum of anomalous discs including optic nerve aplasia and hypoplasia, megallopapillae, morning glory disc, optic disc dysplasia, and optic nerve colobomas. The association of anomalous optic discs with a Dandy Walker cyst has not been previously recognized. The ocular and brain malformations in this patient likely occurred during the fourth to eighth week of gestation, when the retinal ganglion cell axons were penetrating the optic nerve, and the rhombic lips were enlarging in early cerebellar development. The etiology of these anomalies is not known; however, teratogens, sporadic events, and genetic disorders should be considered. PMID- 6226687 TI - Retinal embolism following percutaneous femoral cerebral angiography. AB - A 35-year-old female without evidence of atherosclerotic vascular disease underwent percutaneous femoral cerebral angiography. Perifoveal retinal infarction by exogenous arteriolar emboli produced a permanent absolute pericentral scotoma. Strict adherence to meticulous angiographic technique may prevent such an angiographic complication. PMID- 6226688 TI - Periodic alternating nystagmus clearing after vitrectomy. AB - Periodic alternating nystagmus 1) may be related to vestibulocerebellar system disease, 2) may occur with loss of vision, and 3) may be congenital in origin. We report the case of a patient with acquired periodic alternating nystagmus in whom the nystagmus followed bilateral vitreous hemorrhages. Upbeating nystagmus was interposed between the right beating and left beating phases. Bilateral vitrectomy resulted in the prompt disappearance of the nystagmus. The importance of visual function in relation to periodic alternating nystagmus and associated motility disturbances is emphasized. PMID- 6226690 TI - The "nuclear third" question. PMID- 6226689 TI - Abducens paresis. A rare presenting sign of posterior-inferior cerebellar artery aneurysm. AB - Posterior fossa aneurysms comprise a minority of intracranial aneurysms, but produce a wide array of signs and symptoms. We report a patient with slowly progressive unilateral sixth nerve paresis secondary to a saccular aneurysm of the posterior-inferior cerebellar artery. Neuroradiologic investigation of subarachnoid hemorrhage is discussed, and the literature concerning posterior circulation aneurysms is reviewed. PMID- 6226691 TI - Aspergillosis presenting as a corticosteroid-responsive optic neuropathy. AB - A case of orbital aspergillosis presenting as a steroid response of optic neuropathy is presented. The invasive and aggressive nature of this infection in the presence of systemic corticosteroids is documented by serial CT scans and necropsy examination. The authors urge inclusion of aspergilloma in the differential diagnosis of a steroid responsive optic neuropathy. PMID- 6226692 TI - Treatment of toxocaral optic neuritis. AB - An 8-year-old male with poor vision from presumed toxocaral optic neuritis is presented. The diagnosis is supported by positive serum ELISA testing. Subtenon's depot injections of Kenalog resulted in excellent improvement and final visual acuity of 20/20. Early diagnosis with serum ELISA tests and vigorous treatment with subtenon's steroids are recommended. PMID- 6226693 TI - Venous stasis retinopathy associated with embolic obstruction of the central retinal artery. AB - A case of venous stasis retinopathy in a 58-year-old male is reported. Despite carotid endarterectomy for ipsilateral internal carotid atheromatous disease, the retinopathy persisted until the embolic obstruction of the central retinal artery resolved spontaneously. Then the venous stasis retinopathy was relieved. In patients with venous stasis retinopathy and reduced arterial pressure that cannot be attributed to carotid disease, an occult but hemodynamically significant arterial obstruction posterior to or at the lamina cribrosa may be suggested. PMID- 6226694 TI - Isolated trochlear nerve palsy secondary to a juvenile pilocytic astrocytoma. AB - A 9-year-old female developed a fourth nerve palsy which was the first sign of a posterior fossa astrocytoma. The fourth nerve palsy was believed to have resulted from direct invasion of the trochlear nerve rather than compression by hydrocephalus. Sagittal reconstruction of a computed tomogram revealed extension of the tumor into the dorsal midbrain where the trochlear nerve exits. PMID- 6226695 TI - Ocular myasthenia presenting as superior oblique weakness. AB - We diagnosed ocular myasthenia in a 39-year-old man whose presenting symptom was vertical diplopia. Unrecognized weakness of the right superior oblique and secondary overaction of the right inferior oblique caused a right hypertropia, which was worse on left gaze. One week later left blepharoptosis, right medial rectus weakness, and bilateral obicularis oculi weakness were found on ocular examination. All findings were partially reversed by the injection of Tensilon. Superior oblique muscle palsy simulating a fourth cranial nerve palsy is infrequently reported in patients with ocular myasthenia. Pseudofourth nerve palsy is another sign of myasthenia gravis. PMID- 6226696 TI - Pontine hemorrhage causing Fisher one-and-a-half syndrome with facial paralysis. AB - The case of a 58-year-old white man with a history of high blood pressure and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease who developed double vision followed by right-sided facial paralysis is reported. A computerized axial tomogram (CT) scan showed an enhancing lesion in the pontine tegmentum, and the diagnoses of pontine glioma or hemorrhage were considered. Physical findings were limited to the cranial nerves. Conservative management with Decadron for 3 weeks resulted in a prompt clinical improvement, and a CT scan 1 month later showed resolution of the lesion, effectively ruling out a glioma. Total clinical recovery occurred at the end of 6 months. To our knowledge this is the first report of a case of Fisher one-and-a-half syndrome with facial paralysis correlated with computed tomography. PMID- 6226697 TI - Bitemporal hemianopsia. PMID- 6226698 TI - Neuro-anatomical feature photo: midbrain. PMID- 6226699 TI - Whither late ocular and neurosyphilis? PMID- 6226700 TI - Is penicillin therapy always infallible in syphilis? AB - Penicillin is undoubtedly the antibiotic most effective on Treponema pallidum, but is it possible to prescribe it according to a standard regimen? Experimentation proves that such a uniform therapeutic plan cannot be determined for the following reasons: 1) Treponema pallidum may divide every 30 to 33 hours, but this concept is only established during the period of exponential growth in the initial lesion. Moreover, if Treponema pallidum are very quickly disseminated throughout the organism, then they do not divide at the same rate. In addition, we take into account a whole series of factors which can interfere with their rate of multiplication. 2) A penicillinemia of 0.03 U/ml may kill all the Treponema pallidum when they divide, but Dr. Eagle's data, although this would be a fairly active serum level, showed that the effective maximal serum concentration should be far higher, about 0.820 U/ml. The experimental data prove it is not possible to point out an accurate correlation between blood and tissue levels; thus, the penicillin levels in the cerebrospinal fluid are about 1/100 lower than those obtained in the serum. Among other factors it is necessary to take into account not only the age of the patient but also the penicillin complex chosen. Although the total of injected penicillin can be the same, the kinetics of serum levels are essentially variable, both regarding the increase of levels and duration according to the drug used. 3) As noted it follows that penicillinotherapy prescribed early with high and prolonged doses may allow a bacteriologic sterilization of primary syphilis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6226701 TI - Monocular vertical oscillations of amblyopia. The Heimann-Bielschowsky phenomenon. AB - The Heimann-Bielschowsky phenomenon is an unusual ocular motility pattern which may develop years following uniocular visual loss and may be mistaken as a neuro ophthalmologic sign pointing to a posterior fossa or brain stem lesion. It consists of strictly monocular coarse, pendular vertical oscillations occurring only in the amblyopic eye. It is noted primarily with distance fixation and is inhibited by convergence or fixation. The oscillations vary between 1-5 cycles/second, and amplitude, often only 2-5 degrees, may be quite large, up to 20-30 degrees (40-60 prism diopters). A faden operation improved the disorder in one patient. The importance of recognizing this characteristic motility pattern is emphasized to ophthalmologists and neurologists. PMID- 6226702 TI - Chiasmal optic neuritis. AB - Two patients exhibiting bitemporal hemianopia due to chiasmal optic neuritis with pathological confirmation of noncompressive lesions are presented; the first due to a chronic, idiopathic demyelinating process, and the second a result of ethchlorvynol (Placidyl) toxicity. The literature regarding chiasmal optic neuritis is reviewed, and a discussion of other noncompressive causes of bitemporal hemianopia is presented. PMID- 6226703 TI - Achromatopsia. Clinical diagnosis and treatment. AB - Six cases of classic achromatopsia are presented. The methods of practical clinical diagnosis are discussed, including paradoxical pupillary constriction in darkness, the easily performed Sloan achromatopsia test, and electrophysiologic studies which are useful in young children. The visual and cosmetic benefits of heavily tinted contact lenses in such patients are stressed. PMID- 6226704 TI - The Marcus Gunn pupil in incomplete optic tract hemianopias. AB - Three patients with optic tract lesions, incomplete homonymous hemianopias, and good vision in both eyes are presented. All three had a Marcus Gunn pupil in the eye with temporal field loss (eye contralateral to the tract lesion). This pupillary sign may serve to differentiate acute optic tract from acute geniculostriate lesions when the characteristic infrageniculate optic atrophy has not had time to develop. PMID- 6226705 TI - Radiologic demonstration of the dorsal medullocervical spur in adult Chiari malformation. AB - An adolescent female with downbeat nystagmus and long tract signs was evaluated by a number of diagnostic radiologic procedures. Metrizamide CT cisternography was the procedure that established the diagnosis by showing not only the tonsillar herniation, but also the medullocervical deformity characteristic of the Chiari type II malformation. This case report emphasizes the superior diagnostic capability of this technique with respect to conventional radiography in the diagnosis of Arnold-Chiari malformation. PMID- 6226706 TI - Progressive visual loss, diabetes mellitus, and associated abnormalities (DIDMOAD syndrome). AB - A syndrome including juvenile-onset diabetes mellitus, optic atrophy, diabetes insipidus, and high-frequency sensorineural hearing loss, expressed completely or partially, is being identified with greater frequency. Visual loss may be progressive and accompanied by primary optic atrophy. Concurrent diabetic retinopathy has only rarely been reported. Visual acuity may deteriorate to less than 20/400. The etiology is unknown. However, histopathologic studies indicate that the diabetes insipidus, optic atrophy, and neurosensory hearing loss represent progressive degenerative conditions. Inheritance appears to be autosomal recessive with incomplete penetrance. The syndrome is rare; therefore, a complete neuroophthalmologic and neuroradiologic evaluation is imperative to rule out a mass lesion. This syndrome should be considered in young people with visual loss and optic atrophy of unknown etiology even if they are not known juvenile diabetics. PMID- 6226707 TI - The cutaneous manifestations of Sturge-Weber syndrome. AB - The Sturge-Weber syndrome is characterized by the presence of a leptomeningeal hemangioma variably associated with a facial nevus flammeus, seizure disorder, mental retardation, hemiparesis, homonymous hemianopsia, glaucoma, and other signs and symptoms. The relationship between the cutaneous manifestations and the other features of this disorder was studied in 35 patients. We observed that all patients with the facial nevus flammeus had involvement of the upper eye lid or forehead. Bilateral cutaneous involvement was common and when present, was often associated with extensive lesions of the trunk and extremities. The distribution of the cutaneous lesions appeared to be unrelated to that of the trigeminal nerve. A subgroup of patients, the syndrome's "forme fruste," were identified. There appeared to be no relationship between the presence and extent of the cutaneous lesions and the observed seizure disorder, difficulty of seizure control, intellectual deficit, hemiparesis, homonymous hemianopsia, and intracranial calcification. Notably, the "forme fruste" patients appeared to be spared from glaucomatous involvement and from choroidal hemangioma. We will also discuss other aspects of this syndrome. PMID- 6226708 TI - Atypical clinical presentation of oculomotor (III) nerve palsy. AB - The atypical clinical presentations of three patients with an oculomotor (III) nerve palsy are outlined. The first patient is a 49-year-old with a painful, pupil-sparing ophthalmoplegia of sudden onset due to a pituitary adenoma which had eroded into the cavernous sinus. The second patient is a 7-year-old with a traumatic III nerve palsy who despite full recovery of her oculomotility, has been symptomatic due to a permanent internal ophthalmoplegia. The third patient is an 8-year-old who has undergone prolonged optometric therapy for an "atypical esotropia," but in fact has a congenital III nerve palsy with oculomotor synkinesis and deep amblyopia. PMID- 6226709 TI - The eyes in hysterical states of unconsciousness. AB - Forced downward deviation of the eyes has been described as a useful sign in patients with hysterical coma and seizures. Two patients are described emphasizing the value of this test in prolonged feigned seizured states as well as in hysterical syncopal episodes. PMID- 6226710 TI - Neurinoma of the oculomotor nerve. Case report. AB - A 15-year-old boy with a recurrent third nerve palsy who was found to have a neurinoma of the third nerve is described. Unusual features of his presentation and review of the literature relative to this rare tumor are discussed. Tumors derived from Schwann cells, which wrap around the axons of peripheral nerves, are called neurinomas, neurofibromas, plexiform neurofibromas, neurilemomas, and schwannomas. Neurinomas are usually localized in the peripheral nerves. The most frequent site of occurrence of an intracranial schwannoma is the acoustic nerve; however, the tumor may occur along the second, fifth, seventh, 11th, and 12th cranial nerves. Neurinomas of the oculomotor nerves are extremely rare. In the literature, there are only four reported cases clinically manifested and pathologically verified as neurinomas of the third nerve. PMID- 6226711 TI - Diminished vision and painless proptosis. PMID- 6226712 TI - Neuro-anatomical feature photo: mesencephalon. PMID- 6226713 TI - Transient retinal striae. AB - Transient retinal folding was observed in a 28-year-old woman presenting with bilateral uveal inflammation. These retinal striae resolved within 5 weeks as the anterior uveal inflammation responded to topical cycloplegic and corticosteroid therapy. Ultrasonographic findings demonstrated choroidal thickening as a contributing factor in the production of these temporary retinal folds. We present this unusual case since transient retinal folding has been rarely documented, and as far as we are aware, has not been previously investigated by ultrasonography. PMID- 6226714 TI - Extraocular muscle involvement in Wegener's granulomatosis. AB - A 44-year-old man with Wegener's granulomatosis involving the upper and lower respiratory tracts developed a diplopia with involvement of three extraocular muscles of one eye and one extraocular muscle of the other eye. The ocular and orbital examinations were otherwise normal, as were computerized tomography (CT) scans of the brain and orbits. The patient was treated with systemic Cytoxan and Prednisone and the respiratory and extraocular muscle abnormalities cleared within 1 month. Because of the bilateral extraocular muscle involvement, the absence of central nervous system or orbital findings, and the rapid and complete resolution after Cytoxan and Prednisone therapy, a diffuse vasculitis affecting the extraocular muscles was implicated as the etiology of the diplopia. PMID- 6226715 TI - Managing menacing meningioma. AB - The role of irradiation therapy in the management of meningiomas involving the anterior visual system is under active clinical investigation. This report documents the value of radiotherapy in a patient with a histologically verified psammomatous tuberculum sellar meningioma and presents a 15-year postsurgical follow-up. The patient experienced a return of vision from 11/200 to 20/60 in his only seeing eye following 5,000 rads to the intracanicular and intracranial portions of right optic nerve. He is able to practice his profession 3 years following irradiation therapy. The classification of optic nerve involvement by meningioma is discussed. PMID- 6226716 TI - Periodic nonalternating ocular skew deviation accompanied by head tilt and pathologic lid retraction. AB - A 60-year-old black male with a 13-year history of adult onset diabetes mellitus and hypertension with a previous lacunar stroke suddenly developed a periodic head and eye movement disorder characterized by nonalternating skew deviation, rotatory nystagmus, head tilt, and lid retraction. On CT scan, the patient had a lacunar infarct in the right midbrain in the region of the interstitial nucleus of Cajal, an anatomical area involved with head tilt, torsional eye movement, and skew deviation. PMID- 6226717 TI - Bitemporal palsy of the pupillary sphincters. A sign of diffuse circulatory insufficiency. AB - Two patients with generalized arteriosclerotic changes presented with oval-shaped pupils in both eyes. Sectorial palsy of the iris sphincters, essentially in the lower temporal segments, was demonstrated. Paralyzed sectors did not react to 2% pilocarpine. There was no dilator weakness, and the iris did not exhibit atrophy or synechia. We consider the sectorial palsy of the sphincters in these patients to be due to circulatory insufficiency of the iris. We reviewed previously published cases of diffuse or multifocal circulatory insufficiency with ischemic iris changes, and analyzed the accompanying photographs. We found that temporal segments of the iris are predominantly involved in these patients. Predisposition to this sectorial palsy, especially in the pupillary temporal region, might be explained by several anatomical particularities of the vascular network in the iris. Bitemporal palsy of the pupillary sphincters may be a sign of generalized circulatory insufficiency. PMID- 6226718 TI - Appearance of cholesterol embolism in the retina. AB - A case is reported of cholesterol crystal embolus in the retina. Up until now, no in vivo demonstration in the form of a printed photograph seems to have been published, showing changes in cholesterol embolus reflection, when the light and gaze incidence is modified. PMID- 6226719 TI - The pupil in congenital third nerve misdirection syndrome. AB - The involved pupil in the syndrome of aberrant regeneration of the oculomotor nerve usually remains larger than the uninvolved side, or approaches equality in size. A 4-year-old child was seen with congenital aberrant regeneration of the right third nerve. The right pupil was consistently smaller than the left, but particularly so in dim illumination. The question can be raised as to whether relative pupillary miosis more commonly follows third nerve misdirection in children than adults. PMID- 6226720 TI - Ocular syphilis. Acute and chronic. AB - We describe our experience over the past 2 years with the ocular manifestations in 32 patients with acute and chronic syphilis. We urge that syphilis be considered in evaluating those patients with recurrent iritis, chorioretinitis, papillitis, optic atrophy, or abnormal pupillary findings. Specific serologic testing (FTA-ABS) must be obtained. Screening serologies (VDRL) are inadequate. We suggest that patients with evidence for CSF involvement or active ocular disease be treated by continuous intravenous infusion of 24 million units penicillin G daily for 10 days. PMID- 6226721 TI - Iatrogenic Horner's syndrome secondary to chest tube thoracostomy. AB - We report a 22-year-old male who underwent a left thoracostomy and left lower lobectomy for a shotgun wound of the left anterior chest. During surgery, two chest tubes were placed in the left hemithorax at the level of the first and second intervertebral spaces. On the 10th postoperative day, the patient developed a left-sided miosis and ptosis. The diagnosis of a left preganglionic Horner's syndrome was confirmed by pharmacologic testing. The Horner's syndrome was unchanged 3 months after discharge. We conclude that the chest tubes damaged the preganglionic sympathetic fibers of the left orbit resulting in this patient's Horner's syndrome. PMID- 6226722 TI - Clinicopathological study of the visual pathways, eyes, and cerebral hemispheres in 32 cases of disseminated sclerosis. AB - The pathological study of the cerebral hemispheres and visual pathways in 32 cases of disseminated sclerosis, including 15 cases in which the retinal structures were investigated, lead us to point out: 1) the high frequency of histological lesions of the optic nerves, tracts and radiations; 2) the lack of correlation between the extent of demyelination of the optic nerves and the impairment of visual acuity that is mainly related to axonal lesions; 3) the relative high frequency of pathological sheathing of retinal veins; and 4) the high proportion of shadow plaques in the cerebral hemispheres in cases with clear cut relapses and remissions. PMID- 6226723 TI - Pupils in optic tract lesions. PMID- 6226724 TI - Early diastolic motion of the posterior aortic root as an index of left ventricular filling. PMID- 6226725 TI - Usefulness of ampicillin in treatment of acne vulgaris. PMID- 6226726 TI - Isotretinoin treatment of acne and related disorders: an update. AB - In the one year since isotretinoin has been available in the United States for the treatment of severe, recalcitrant, nodulocystic acne, there has been extensive clinical verification of the reports of its dramatic efficacy in the treatment of this troublesome disease. Proper selection of patients, as well as treatment with adequate doses of drug for 3 to 5 months, will most often result in significant clinical improvement or total clearing. Although dosages of less than 1 mg/kg/day may produce a nearly equivalent degree of improvement with somewhat fewer or less severe side effects, the recommended daily dose remains 1 mg/kg/day because lower dosages are associated with more frequent relapses. In severe cases, the daily dosage may be increased to 2 mg/kg/day. Teratogenicity, elevation of serum triglycerides, liver function abnormalities, pancreatitis, and pseudotumor cerebri may all be associated with isotretinoin therapy and require close monitoring of the patient. PMID- 6226727 TI - Coronary artery spasm at the site of angioplasty in the first 2 months after successful percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. AB - The clinical course of five patients manifesting coronary artery spasm at the site of previous successful percutaneous coronary angioplasty is reviewed. All patients showed this spasm on hemodynamically insignificant (less than 50% diameter narrowing) obstruction. Four patients did not respond to therapy with calcium channel antagonists and nitrates and subsequently developed recurrent stenosis. One patient died 2 months after angioplasty and 1 day after coronary bypass surgery. Pathologic study at the site of angioplasty revealed new artherosclerotic disease. Coronary spasm may occur during the healing period after coronary angioplasty and should be distinguished from fixed obstruction. PMID- 6226729 TI - Multiple calcified thrombi (rocks) in the right ventricle. AB - Large, organized right ventricular thrombi are rare. This report describes a 51 year old man with a history of recurrent pulmonary emboli treated with inferior vena cava ligation who subsequently developed multiple mobile calcified thrombi in the right ventricle. He was treated successfully by surgical resection. Unusual clinical presentation on admission consisted of a two component friction rub secondary to calcified masses rubbing against each other in systole and diastole. Cardiac catheterization showed a constrictive-restrictive pattern that persisted after surgery. The role of noninvasive studies in the diagnosis and long-term follow-up of the patient is emphasized. PMID- 6226728 TI - Congenital heart disease and pulmonary artery hypertension. I. Pulmonary vasoreactivity to 15% oxygen before and after surgery. AB - Pulmonary vasoreactivity at sea level was studied in 22 children before and in 15 children after corrective cardiac surgery for congenital heart disease and pulmonary artery hypertension; 8 children were studied both before and after cardiac surgery. During cardiac catheterization in 28 children, pulmonary and systemic hemodynamics were determined in room air and during breathing of 15% oxygen, which corresponds to a maximal hypoxic level commonly encountered during airplane travel. Before surgery, 19 of 22 children tolerated 15% oxygen (O2), which caused the following hemodynamic changes from room air status: the ratio of pulmonary to systemic arterial pressure increased from 0.70 to 0.78 (p less than 0.05), the ratio of pulmonary to systemic flow decreased from 2.2 to 2.0 (p greater than 0.05) and the ratio of pulmonary to systemic vascular resistance increased from 0.33 to 0.40 (p less than 0.02). In two children, severe pulmonary vasoconstriction developed within 5 minutes of 15% oxygen administration, requiring immediate discontinuation of hypoxia; neither patient had lasting deleterious effects. There was no evidence of increased pulmonary vasoreactivity in children with Down's syndrome compared with genetically normal children. After corrective surgery in 15 children (including both of the hyperreactors), no significant pulmonary vascular response to 15% oxygen was found. It is concluded that, in a small number of children with unrepaired congenital heart disease and pulmonary artery hypertension, pulmonary vascular hyperreactivity can be induced by breathing 15% oxygen; this reaction is life-threatening but reversible with the administration of 100% oxygen.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6226730 TI - Protein variations associated with in vitro aging of human fibroblasts and quantitative limits on the error catastrophe hypothesis. AB - Two-dimensional electrophoresis was used to examine protein alterations associated with in vitro cellular aging. Patterns of cellular proteins from early and late passage human fibroblasts of two strains (normal and trisomy 21) were analyzed in silver-stained gels and autoradiograms with computerized microdensitometry. Four proteins were significantly altered in density in both cell strains. In late passage cells, these proteins were from 6 to 66% the density in early passage cells. The error catastrophe hypothesis predicts that random amino acid substitutions accumulate with cellular aging. No new proteins or satellite spots due to such substitutions, however, were detected in late passage cells. An upper bound of 2.5% was set by high resolution densitometry for the fraction of abnormal protein that could be present but undetected by these methods. PMID- 6226731 TI - [The placenta in trisomy in the last trimester of pregnancy]. AB - 18 cases of trisomies 13, 18, or 21 were diagnosed either by examining the caryotype or on clinical criteria. When the placenta was examined in 60% of cases there was a marked retardation of villous maturation with frequent persistence of embryonic forms of villi. The authors suggest that the failure of the villi to mature was often a reflection of pathology in the oocyte which started to show itself at the beginning of the pregnancy. PMID- 6226732 TI - Thymocyte and macrophage interactions: separation of murine thymocyte subsets and enrichment of syngeneic cell-responding thymocytes by adsorption to macrophage monolayers. AB - The spontaneous binding of murine thymocytes to macrophage monolayers was employed to separate thymocytes into macrophage-unbound and -bound subsets, and the functional reactivities of these two subpopulations were examined. Macrophage unbound thymocytes were found to be enriched in functional subsets reactive to semi-allogeneic and allogeneic stimulating spleen cells by proliferation in mixed leukocyte culture (MLC). Furthermore, macrophage-unbound thymocytes were frequently found to respond to syngeneic spleen cells. This syngeneic proliferative response showed both memory and specificity upon subsequent restimulation and thus seems to represent a syngeneic mixed leukocyte reaction (SMLR). Syngeneic responding thymocytes were also found to produce interleukin 2 when cultured with syngeneic but not allogeneic stimulator cells. In contrast, macrophage-bound thymocytes showed greatly reduced proliferative responses to allogeneic stimulators and no responses to syngeneic stimulators. The macrophage bound thymocyte subset was not enriched in detectable suppressive activity; proliferative responses of macrophage-unbound thymocytes to either allogeneic or syngeneic cells were neither suppressed nor enhanced when macrophage-unbound thymocytes were added to the cultures. Thus, the macrophage-unbound subset seems to be enriched in functionally mature thymocytes and the macrophage-bound subset appears to be enriched in functionally immature thymocytes. This functional separation of thymocytes by macrophage adherence also correlated well with thymocyte subpopulations separated by bovine serum albumin density gradients; the low density mature thymocytes showed enhanced responses to both allogeneic and syngeneic stimulators, whereas the high density immature cells were unresponsive. This correlation was supported further by binding studies in which T cell tumor lines derived from C57BL/6 mice were used. ERLD tumor cells, which are similar to cortical immature thymocytes in both enzymatic and surface antigenic markers, were found to bind readily to macrophages, whereas both EL-4 and E male G2 tumor cells, with characteristics of mature thymocytes, bound to macrophages poorly. The binding of thymocytes and ERLD tumor cells to macrophages was not genetically restricted. We speculate that thymocyte binding to macrophages may play a critical role during the functional maturation of thymocytes. PMID- 6226733 TI - Generation of autoreactive cytotoxic T lymphocytes under limiting dilution conditions. AB - The ability of F1 (H-2k/d) responder cells to generate cytotoxic effector cells against parental and F1 targets was investigated under limiting dilution conditions. One hit limiting dilution curves, consistent with the generated cytolytic cells being the progeny of a single precursor cell, were reproducibly obtained if a culture was scored as "responding" on the basis of its ability to lyse one or more of a panel of Con A blast targets consisting of self F1 and both parents. The calculated frequency of the precursor cell in a nylon wool nonadherent splenic responder cell population ranged from about 1/500 to 1/1600 in (B10.BR X B10.D2)F1 and (RNC X BALB/c)F1 mice. The patterns of lysis expressed by individual microcultures against the panel of F1 and both parental targets were unusual; besides patterns that were consistent with predictions of classic transplantation rules (i.e., lysis of F1 targets plus one/both parental targets), "anomalous" patterns (i.e., lysis of F1 targets or one/both parental targets exclusively) were also seen. The precursor cells that gave rise to cytolytic cells were devoid of T cell markers, whereas the cytolytic effector cells were Thy-1+, Lyt-2+, as defined by sensitivity to treatment with monoclonal antibody plus complement. The data are discussed in the context of early in vitro development of cytolytic T lymphocytes, with particular emphasis on a possible manifestation of an early T cell repertoire. PMID- 6226734 TI - Response against single minor histocompatibility antigens. I. Functional and immunogenetic analysis of cloned cytolytic T cells. AB - A clonal approach was used to investigate the cellular basis of a T cell response to single minor histocompatibility antigens (miHA). This analysis was performed by functional and immunogenetic characterization of a large number of clones derived from short-term mixed leukocyte culture (MLC) populations generated against the miHA, H-1.3. Forty-nine clones isolated from such MLC were specifically cytolytic for H-1.3-bearing, H-2Db-compatible target cells. Thirty seven of the 49 cytolytic clones were driven to proliferate when stimulated by spleen cells bearing the H-1.3 alloantigen in the absence of added T cell-derived growth factor(s) (GF). The remaining 12 clones proliferated only when GF was added. A strong positive correlation was observed between antigen-induced proliferation and the production of interleukin 2 (IL 2) activity. A similar correlation was observed when comparing the ability of both antigen and concanavalin A to induce IL 2 activity from the clones. These data suggest that i) antigen-driven or helper T cell-independent cytolytic T cells (HITc) are frequent components of an MLC response to a single miHA, and ii) the ability of HITc to undergo antigen-driven proliferation is related to their ability to produce antigen-induced GF. PMID- 6226735 TI - Role of Ly-1:Qa1- and Ly-1:Qa1+ inducer T cells in activation of Ly-23 effectors of suppression of antibody production in mice. AB - Ly-2+ effectors of T cell-mediated suppression require inducing signals from antigen and a helper cell bearing the Ly-1+:Qa1+ surface phenotype. In this report, we have further examined the helper cell requirements for suppressor cell induction of antibody production in mice. By using the T cell subset education procedure in vitro, we have activated T cells to sheep red blood cells (SRBC) antigens and then purified Ly-2 cells before testing for suppressor activity in assay cultures of defined T and B cell subsets. We have confirmed our previous observations that Ly-1+:Qa1+ cells are required for activation of T suppressors, but have found that under the appropriate conditions, there is not a strict requirement for the Ly-123 subset of T cells. Furthermore, if Ly-23 cells are stimulated in the presence of Ly-1+:Qa1- T cells, effective suppressors can be obtained only if a source of Ly-1:Qa1+ inducers is added to the assay culture. If Ly-23 cells are activated by antigen in the absence of Ly-1 cells, subsequent exposure to the Ly-1+:Qa1+ subset under the conditions tested here is not sufficient to activate suppressors. These results show that effectors of suppression, like B cells and cytotoxic T lymphocytes, may respond to two helper cells. PMID- 6226737 TI - Limiting dilution analysis of alloreactive cytotoxic precursor cells in aging mice. AB - The quantitative minimal estimate of the frequency of alloantigen specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte precursor cells (CTL-p) was determined in young and old C57BL/6 mice by limiting dilution analysis. Supernatant from phorbol myristate acetate-induced EL-4 cells was used as a source of IL 2 in these assays, which therefore were independent of the presence of the Lyt-2-, IL 2-producing cells known to be deficient in aging mice. These studies showed that 24-mo-old mice had approximately 10-fold fewer CTL-p than their young counterparts. Comparison of the limiting dilution assay (LDA) with IL 2-supplemented primary MLC shows that estimates of the frequency of CTL-p do not consistently agree with cytotoxic activity detected in the higher cell density primary MLC, and that the LDA is most likely a better estimate of the effect of age on the development of CTL. PMID- 6226736 TI - The use of haptenated immunoglobulins to induce B cell tolerance in vitro. The roles of hapten density and the Fc portion of the immunoglobulin carrier. AB - The relationship between the Fc region of trinitrophenylated (TNP) immunoglobulins (Ig), and their ability to induce tolerance was examined. It was found that adult B cells responding to a T-independent (TI) antigen were tolerized by TNP11 human gamma globulin (HGG), but not by TNP10F(ab')2 fragments of HGG. Increasing the hapten density on the F(ab')2 fragments overcame their inability to induce tolerance. Thus, a TNP17-F(ab')2 was an effective tolerogen. Murine myeloma proteins of different IgG subclasses were similarly tested. A TNP12-IgG2a and a TNP11-IgG1 induced tolerance, whereas two TNP11-12-IgG3 did not. However, a more heavily haptenated TNP18-IgG3 was tolerogenic. These results suggest that lightly haptenated immunoglobulins depend upon Fc receptor binding to induce tolerance in adult B cells. Non-Fc receptor-binding carriers are not tolerogenic unless they are more heavily haptenated. Finally, T cell and macrophage depletion experiments suggest that the tolerogens act directly on the B cells. PMID- 6226738 TI - Suppressor T cell activation by human leukocyte interferon. AB - Murine fibroblast interferon (IFN beta) activates murine suppressor T lymphocytes in vitro, which suppress plaque-forming cell responses by spleen cells. Suppression of human in vitro immune responses by IFN was investigated to determine whether human IFN also activates suppressor T cells. Human leukocyte IFN (IFN alpha) suppressed pokeweed mitogen-induced polyclonal immunoglobulin production by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) by 80 to 90% at doses of 200 to 350 U/ml. Responses by IFN alpha-treated PBMC were suppressed in a dose-dependent manner; control cultures had maximal responses on day 7. PBMC incubated with 10,000 U/ml of IFN alpha contained activated suppressor cells that decreased pokeweed mitogen-stimulated, polyclonal immunoglobulin production by autologous cells by 70 to 80%. Suppression mediated by these cells was prevented by catalase, ascorbic acid, and 2-mercaptoethanol (2-ME). In murine systems, these reagents interfere with expression of suppressor T cell activity by preventing activation of soluble immune response suppressor. Selection procedures with monoclonal antibodies identified the suppressor cell as an OKT8+ (suppressor/cytotoxic) T lymphocyte. Selected OKT8+ cells required less IFN alpha (1000 U/ml) for activation and were effective in smaller numbers than unfractionated activated PBMC. IFN alpha-activated suppressor cells also inhibited proliferation in mixed lymphocyte and mitogen-stimulated PBMC cultures; again, catalase and 2-ME blocked suppression. These results indicate that IFN alpha activates suppressor T cells in human PBMC cultures; the ability of catalase, 2-ME, and ascorbic acid to block suppression suggests that these suppressor T cells have certain similarities to IFN beta or to concanavalin A activated murine suppressor T cells. PMID- 6226739 TI - A new mediator (suppressor cell induction factor) activating T cell-mediated suppression: characterization of suppressor cells, kinetics of their generation, and mechanism of their action. AB - Human T cells precultured in MLC supernatant (SIF) could suppress responder cells in MLC. SIF-activated cells expressed suppressor effects equally on both autologous and allogeneic responder cells in MLC. The suppression observed was not due to cell crowding, cell death, depletion of nutrients, absorption of IL 2, alternation in the kinetics of MLC response, production of soluble inhibitory factor, or generation of cytotoxic cells. In this system, suppressor cells were generated after 5 days of culture, and Ia-positive cells were required in the induction of suppressor cells. Suppressor cells themselves, however, were characterized as Ia-negative subsets of T cells; they could be derived from both Fc-IgG receptor-positive and -negative subsets of T cells. Suppressor activity of SIF-treated cells on the MLC response was sensitive to mitomycin C treatment. They apparently exerted their suppressor effect on some early phase of the MLC response. This early event was almost complete within 48 hr after the initiation of MLC. The possibility that SIF may be involved in T-T interactions required in the generation of effective suppression is discussed. PMID- 6226740 TI - Dissociation of autologous and allogeneic mixed lymphocyte reactivity by using a monoclonal antibody specific for human T helper cells. AB - A monoclonal antibody defining a population of human T helper cells was developed and shown to specifically block the autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction (AMLR). This antibody, termed KT69-7 (IgG1), recognized 62% of peripheral blood E rosette positive (E+) cells while demonstrating negligible reactivity with E- cells, monocytes, granulocytes, EBV-transformed B cell lines, and mouse splenocytes. Separation of E+ cells into KT69-7+ and KT69-7- populations revealed that KT69-7+ T cells provided helper function in PWM-driven B cell differentiation, whereas KT69-7- T cells provided no help and may suppress this response. Modulation of membrane moieties by using KT69-7 or OKT4 plus goat anti-mouse IgG removed reactivity to both these antibodies, suggesting an association between these molecules recognized by these antibodies. In functional studies, KT69-7 selectively blocked the AMLR while demonstrating minimal or no effect on the allogeneic MLR (allo-MLR). Blocking of the autoreactivity occurred when either autologous B lymphocytes or macrophages were used as stimulators. The failure of KT69-7 to block the allo-MLR was not attributable to excessive allogeneic stimulus; KT69-7 failed to block even under conditions of limiting numbers of stimulator cells. KT69-7 thus appears to recognize a molecule on the surface of T helper cells required for recognition of autologous class II antigens. PMID- 6226741 TI - Characterization of human K cells by surface antigens and morphology at the single cell level. AB - Human lymphocytes killing bovine erythrocytes in vitro in antibody-mediated reactions were characterized at the effector cell level in the ADCC plaque assay. Five to 10% of highly purified peripheral blood lymphocytes are active K cells in this system. Forty to 50% of these were T gamma cells expressing the T cell associated surface antigens T3 and Leu-1. These cells also expressed the T8/Leu 2a antigens (approximately 20%) or the T4/Leu-3a antigens. Although approximately 30% of the K cells were T4+ when examined after completion of the ADCC assay (18 hr), only less than 10% were T4+ (and Leu-3a+) when examined before the assay. The results indicated that exposure to antigen/antibody complexes during the assay induced increased T4 expression, probably linked to Fc gamma R modulation on some initially T4-/T3+ lymphocytes. The expression of the other antigens (including Leu-3a) was not affected by exposure of the lymphocytes to antigen/antibody complexes. Two-color fluorescence experiments further demonstrated that a minor fraction (10 to 20%) of the K cells carrying T cell associated antigens also expressed the monocyte/null cell-associated antigen M1 as detected with the monoclonal antibody OKM1. A second major category of effector cells, composed of at least 25% of the K cells, were large granular lymphocytes (LGL) that lacked detectable T cell-associated antigens but expressed the HNK-1 (Leu-7) as well as the M1 antigen. As seen from the size of the plaques formed by different effector cells, K cells of the LGL type had a greater recycling capacity and/or cytolytic efficiency than those of T gamma type. PMID- 6226742 TI - The asymmetry in idiotype-isotype expression in the response to phosphocholine is due to divergence in the expressed repertoires of Lyb-5+ and Lyb-5- B cells. AB - The X-linked CBA/N immune defect was used to investigate the roles of Lyb-5- and Lyb-5+ B cells in the memory response to PC-KLH (phosphocholine-conjugated keyhole limpet hemocyanin). (CBA/N X BALB/c)F1 (CB) male mice express the xid mutation and thereby lack the Lyb-5+ B cell subset, whereas their female littermates are normal and express both Lyb-5+ and Lyb-5- B cells. After priming with PC-conjugated hemocyanin (PC-Hy) in complete Freund's adjuvant, female B cells produce three phenotypic sets of PC-KLH-specific antibody. The first set (group I) is dominated by T15+, IgM, IgA, and IgG3, PC-specific antibodies. The second subset (group II) is specific for phenylphosphocholine (PPC), and is dominated by T15-, IgG1, and IgG2 antibodies. The third set (group III) recognizes an epitope(s) composed of both the PPC hapten and carrier determinants. PC-Hy-primed B cells from immune defective CB male mice produce the same number of IgG1 and IgG2 plaque-forming cells (PFC) as do PC-Hy-primed normal female cells, and these PFC are also predominantly T15- and PPC specific (group II). In addition, a significant amount of group III IgG1 and IgG2 antibody is observed in the immune defective male response. In contrast to female B cells, immune defective male B cells produce a low IgM, IgA, and IgG3 memory response that is not composed of PC-specific (group I) antibodies; in fact, most of these antibodies arise from group III precursors and are not inhibited by either PC or PPC. PC-specific antibodies usually represent less than 25% of the anti-PC-KLH response in immune defective mice; however, these PC-specific antibodies are predominantly T15-. These data suggest that the Lyb-5-B cells in both normal and immune defective mice produce the T15-, IgG1, and IgG2 antibodies that dominate the secondary immune response to PC-KLH, and that the Lyb-5+ B cells produce the T15+, IgM, IgA, and IgG3 portion of the secondary response in normal mice. This hypothesis was confirmed by priming normal mice with the R36a strain of Streptococcus pneumoniae or with PC-Hy in saline. These forms of PC-antigen prime only the Lyb-5+ B cell subset. The adoptive transfer of these two B cell sources results in an anti-PC-KLH response that is T15 dominant and totally PC inhibitable.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6226743 TI - Comparison of binding characteristics of factors B and H to C3b on normal and paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria erythrocytes. AB - To determine if aberrant interactions of the endogenous control proteins with cell-bound C3b contribute to the greater fixation of C3b to paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) erythrocytes when whole serum complement is activated, we compared the characteristics of binding of factors B and H to normal and PNH red cells bearing C3b (EC3b). Factor B binding is homogeneous, there is 1:1 stoichiometry, and the affinity constant at equilibrium for factor B binding is the same for normal and PNH EC3b. In contrast, analysis by Scatchard's method of factor H binding results in a curvilinear plot, the deviation from linearity being exaggerated for the PNH EC3b. The heterogeneity of binding of factor H appears to be a consequence of the nonrandom distribution of C3b about the alternative pathway convertase site. This nonrandom distribution does not induce negative cooperativity but rather effects a biophysical milieu which enhances factor H binding. The greater heterogeneity of binding of factor H to PNH E bearing nonrandomly distributed C3b appears to be due to the presence of a greater proportion of lower affinity binding sites on the PNH EC3b. However, it appears unlikely that this greater heterogeneity of factor H binding contributes to the enhanced fixation of C3b to PNH erythrocytes. PMID- 6226744 TI - "Nonspecific" immunoenhancing T cells in tumor-bearing mice include anti idiotypic subsets. AB - Splenocytes from DBA/2 mice inoculated 3 wk earlier with syngeneic P815 mastocytoma tumor cells produce increased numbers of antibody plaque-forming cells (PFC) when stimulated with either sheep red blood cells (SRBC) or phosphorylcholine (PC) on Streptococcus pneumoniae R36a in vitro. The nature of this nonspecific hyperreactivity was investigated in mixed cultures of purified splenic T and B cells. The addition of T cells from P815 tumor-bearing mice (TP815) into the cultures of normal B cells produced a significant enhancement of the PFC response to both SRBC and PC, when compared with the effect of normal T cells added to control cultures. The idiotypic profile of the enhanced anti-PC response was studied by a PFC-inhibition assay with monoclonal antibodies against two distinct idiotopic determinants (Id) of the T15 family. Normal B cells produced greater than 90% of T15 Id-positive (Id+) PFC. Addition of normal T cells diminished the proportion of T15 Id+ PFC to approximately 60%, whereas the rest of PFC were Id-. Addition of the immunoenhancing TP815 cells into the normal B cells cultures elevated the number of both T15 Id+ and Id- PFC responses, proportionally. However, when TP815 cells were first incubated on T15 protein coated dishes and the non-adherent fraction was added to B cell cultures, the anti-PC PFC response remained enhanced but consisted of predominently T15 Id- PFC. These observations suggest that the early stage of P815 tumor growth activates various populations of specific helper/amplifier T cells including subsets with anti-idiotypic activity and that the generalized increase of antibody response to various antigens in tumor-bearing mice may be regarded as a polyclonal activation of specific T cells. PMID- 6226745 TI - Lymphokine production and lymphocyte transformation by human mononuclear cells in a serum-free medium. AB - In order to study the effects of purified serum proteins, such as complement components, on human lymphoid cell functions, we have developed a serum-free culture medium that supports lymphocyte transformation and lymphokine production. The medium is comprised of RPMI 1640 containing commercially available purified human serum albumin (HSA). Optimal proliferative responses to mitogens and antigens were noted at HSA concentrations of 2.5-10.0 mg/ml, and at a cell density of 1 X 10(6) mononuclear cells/ml. In medium supplemented with 5 mg/ml HSA, it was found that lymphocyte transformation responses, release of interleukin 2 and leukocyte inhibition factor (LIF), and the one-way mixed lymphocyte reaction proceeded in a manner analogous to that in plasma supplemented cultures. Stimulation of LIF release by C3b was seen in HSA supplemented cultures but not in serum-free conditions or in cultures containing 12% autologous plasma. This system can thus be used to examine cell-mediated immune responses without the interference of plasma proteins other than HSA. PMID- 6226746 TI - Diagnostic criteria in Sezary's syndrome: a multiparameter study of peripheral blood lymphocytes in 32 patients with erythroderma. AB - In order to define additional diagnostic criteria for the early diagnosis of Sezary's syndrome (SS), peripheral blood lymphocytes of 32 patients with erythroderma, including 8 patients with SS, 4 patients with erythrodermic mycosis fungoides, 14 patients with an erythroderma on the basis of atopic or chronic dermatitis, and 6 patients with erythrodermic psoriasis, were investigated by computer-assisted morphometry. The degree of nuclear indentation, expressed as the nuclear contour index (NCI), was measured on electron micrographs. The mean NCI and the percentages of cerebriform mononuclear cells (CMC), defined by a NCI greater than or equal to 6.5, were calculated. In addition, the percentages of lymphocytes, T and B cells, and the distribution of T-cell sub-populations as defined by Fc-receptors (T mu, T gamma) and monoclonal antibodies (OKT3, OKT4, OKT8, HLA-DR) were determined. Statistical analysis showed as most discriminating parameters for the differentiation between SS and benign forms of erythroderma: high percentages of lymphocytes (50% or more), an expanded OKT3+, OKT4+ population with an OKT4/OKT8 ratio greater than 10, a mean NCI value greater than or equal to 5.5, the presence of more than 20% CMC, as well as the presence of cells with a NCI greater than or equal to 11.5. The total leukocyte and lymphocyte counts, as well as the percentages of B, T, T mu, and T gamma cells had limited value for the early diagnosis of SS. PMID- 6226747 TI - The local effects of topically applied estradiol, cyproterone acetate, and ethanol on sebaceous secretion in intact male rats. AB - Estradiol in ethanol was applied once daily to one flank of intact male rats and sebum production on both flanks was measured over periods of 18 h alternating with 6 h by absorbing the lipid on pads of cigarette paper held in place by a harness, starting on the 15th day. Sebum production was very significantly less on the treated flanks than on the contralateral flanks that received only vehicle, indicating an unequivocal local effect of the estradiol. At the same time, the values on the contralateral flanks were significantly below those of littermate rats which received vehicle only, indicating that the estrogen had been systemically absorbed to produce a distal action. The estradiol also significantly reduced plasma testosterone and the relative weights of the seminal vesicles, ventral prostate, and preputial glands, which demonstrated that part of the general action of the estrogen could have been by suppression of endogenous androgen production. In short-term experiments, in which measurements were started concurrently with treatment, the inhibitory action of estradiol, in contrast to that of cyproterone acetate, was not detected until the 4th day. Indeed, it appeared probable that the estrogen actually stimulated sebum secretion over the first 2 days, suggesting that it had a biphasic effect. PMID- 6226748 TI - Effect of indomethacin on alteration of ATPase-positive Langerhans cell density and cutaneous sunburn reaction induced by ultraviolet-B radiation. AB - We have investigated the effect of ultraviolet-B (UVB) irradiation on the density of epidermal ATPase-positive Langerhans cells, and the modulation of this effect by indomethacin (IND). Depilated backs of albino guinea pigs were exposed to varying doses of UVB (10-550 mJ/cm2). Skin biopsies were taken serially. There was an UVB dose-dependent decrease in the density of dendritic epidermal Langerhans cells, as identified by their membrane ATPase activity. This was accompanied by thinning and shortening, or disappearance of dendritic processes. Such changes were followed by a gradual recovery of the cell density to preirradiation level by day 21. Despite the high doses of UVB given, the maximal decrease in the density of ATPase-positive cells was only 58%. Topical application of IND, a prostaglandin-synthetase inhibitor, after irradiation resulted in a decrease of the erythema; however, the decrease in the density of ATPase-positive cells was still observed. In contrast, guinea pigs that received IND topically prior to irradiation showed a decrease erythemal response, but failed to show any decrease in the density of ATPase-positive cells. Administration of IND orally for 3 days prior to UVB exposure did not prevent the decrease in the cell density. The protective effect of topical IND, applied prior to irradiation, may be explained by its in vitro absorbance at both the UVB and UVA ranges. Topical application of IND 20 min prior to exposure to UVB in 2 human subjects resulted in an increase in the minimal erythema dose, giving a sun protection factor of 1.6, which is comparable to that produced by an equimolar concentration of para-aminobenzoic acid solution. The sun-protective property of IND, together with its activity as a prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor, indicate that it potentially could be a useful sunscreen agent. Its clinical safety and efficacy, however, remain to be determined. PMID- 6226749 TI - Cost benefit of vaccination for hepatitis B in hemodialysis centers. PMID- 6226750 TI - Directed liver biopsy through laparoscope versus blind needle biopsy in endemic hepatosplenomegaly. PMID- 6226751 TI - [Surgical management of Uhi's anomaly]. PMID- 6226752 TI - [Dental care for the handicapped: establishment of a new center in Tokyo]. PMID- 6226753 TI - [Sequential changes of serum steroid levels in puerperium]. AB - To examine daily changes in blood hormone levels during the postpartum period, twenty steroids including free and conjugated pregnenolone (P5), 16 alpha OH P5(16P5), dehydroepiandrosterone (DHA), 16 alpha OH-DHA(16DHA), estrone(E1), estradiol(E2), estriol(E3), estetrol(E4) and free progesterone(P4), 16 alpha OH - P4(16P4), 20 alpha-dihydro-P4(20P4) and cortisol(F) were measured simultaneously by RIA. Seven patients who delivered a healthy child vaginally were selected for this study. The steroid levels in maternal blood were measured daily until the 7th post partum day and were compared to those at delivery. Levels of free and conjugated E1, E2, P5, free E3 and 16P4 dropped rapidly within 24 hours and reached approximately 10% of those at delivery. Conjugated E2, E4, 16P5, and P4, 20P4 levels also dropped after delivery to less than 17% of those at delivery within 72 hours. However, the levels of these steroids were maintained at more than 20% of those at delivery until the 7th postpartum day. These results provide further information on the significance of the steroids in maternal blood during pregnancy. PMID- 6226754 TI - [Steroid metabolism in fetal membrane]. AB - In vitro tissue culture and incubation studies were undertaken to study the enzymatic activities for steroidogenesis in human fetal membrane. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Human fetal membrane obtained at term was separated to reflected amnion(RA), placental amnion(PA), chorion laeve(C) and decidua(D). I) Except for D, 5 x 5cm2 of the tissue were cultured in MEM medium with 10% FCS for 8 days. At steroid tracers, 14C-dehydroepiandrosterone(DHA), or 14C-DHA-sulfate(DHA-S) was added and half of the medium was changed every 2 days. II) 800 x g Cell free homogenate was incubated with radioactive DHA-S, pregnenolone-S(P-S) and estrone S(E-S). Radioactive metabolites in the medium were extracted and identified. RESULTS: Sulfatase activity was found not only in D and C but also in RA and PA. The accumulated products of DHA-S to DHA increased as the number of cultured days increased. Sulfokinase and 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activities for DHA was also found when PA was cultured. From the results of the kinetic studies on incubation, E-S showed the highest affinity for sulfatase in all tissue. Kinetic studies for sulfatase activity in RA demonstrated that Km values for E-S and DHA-S were 33 and 66 microM, respectively. CONCLUSION: This is the first report to demonstrate the activity of sulfokinase in RA and that of sulfatase in amnion membrane. These results provide further information on the function of fetal membrane which seems to play an important role in the transport and metabolism of steroids in the feto-placental compartment during pregnancy. PMID- 6226755 TI - Protective effect of oral clonidine in the prophylaxis and therapy of mercuric chloride--induced acute renal failure in the rat. AB - Previous studies have demonstrated that the sympathomimetic agent clonidine, administered intravenously immediately prior to injury, provides partial protection against the acute structural and functional impairments associated with experimental ischemic and nephrotoxic ARF. To determine the effect of clonidine, administered orally, on the prolonged course of HgCl2-induced ARF, two groups of rats were studied for a period of 5 days after injury. For 5 days before HgCl2 administration (2 mg/kg s.c.) and throughout the study group I drank water while group II had clonidine (5 mg/L) added to water. The fatality rate was 77% in group I as compared to 11% in group II (p less than 0.001). Renal function (CCr and FENa) was better preserved and recovered more rapidly in group II rats protected with clonidine. Both groups showed varying degrees of proximal tubular cell injury, but group II had significantly fewer necrotic cells and demonstrated earlier evidence of regeneration. Whereas none of the injured cells in the clonidine-pretreated group revealed evidence of calcification, on the second day half the cells of the pars recta in the outer stripe of the medulla were calcified in group I. In group III animals, oral clonidine was started 2 hr after the injection of HgCl2 and also resulted in a significant reduction in fatality rate from 40% in control group to 0% in the clonidine-treated group. In addition, CCr and FENa were better preserved and recovered more rapidly in this group of clonidine-treated rats. These results indicate that oral clonidine, administered either before or shortly after HgCl2-induced ARF, exerts a salutory effect on the course and mortality of ARF by providing protection of renal function and enhancement of the recovery process. PMID- 6226757 TI - Peripheral vascular disease. PMID- 6226756 TI - Divergent T gamma cell functions in antigen-induced blastogenesis: facilitory interactions with Tnon gamma cells and participation in monocyte- and prostaglandin-mediated suppression. AB - The contribution of T gamma cells, i.e., T cells bearing surface receptors for the Fc portion of IgG, to the immunologic response to antigen has not been assessed in health or disease. We examined the role of T gamma cells in antigen induced blastogenesis of T cells from healthy subjects and characterized their participation in monocyte- and prostaglandin-mediated suppression. Cell fractions enriched in the depleted of T gamma cells were prepared from nonadherent T cells by preparative rosetting with IgG-sensitized ox erythrocytes; antigen-induced blastogenesis was assayed as 3H-thymidine incorporation (3H-TdR), by microculture techniques. Removal of T gamma cells resulted in a Tnon gamma cell fraction whose in vitro response to soluble antigen was a mean 40% +/- 8 less than the response of the unseparated T cells from the same donors. Antigen did not induce 3H-TdR in cultures of T gamma cells; however, in cell-mixing experiments, addition of autologous T gamma cells reconstituted the antigen responsiveness of the Tnon gamma cell fraction. Monocytes (MN) added to cell cultures at a ratio known to be suppressive in vitro (MN to T = 1:4) significantly decreased antigen-induced 3H TdR of unseparated T cells but did not alter the antigen responses of Tnon gamma cells. MN-dependent suppression was abrogated by co-culture with indomethacin. Exogenous prostaglandin E2, an immunosuppressive cyclooxygenase product of MN, selectively decreased antigen-induced 3H-TdR of cell cultures containing T gamma cells but did not affect antigen responses of Tnon gamma cell fraction. Thus these studies show that MN and their cyclooxygenase products modulate T gamma cells to function in a suppressive mode. This demonstration of divergent T gamma cell functions indicates that the contribution of an expanded T gamma cell population to altered antigen reactivity in disease can be determined only by careful functional studies. PMID- 6226758 TI - The iliac bone or osteocutaneous transplant pedicled to the deep circumflex iliac artery. I. Anatomical and technical considerations. AB - The technique of microsurgical vessel anastomosis has brought about many new ideas in reconstructive surgery. Many bone sites have been examined for their suitability as donor areas. For reconstructive purposes in the maxillo-facial region, the iliac bone has proven to be the best because of its shape and bulk. A large part of this bone is nourished by the deep circumflex iliac artery (DCIA). Branches of this vessel surround the iliac crest, perforate the flat abdominal muscles, and supply blood to the overlying skin. The anatomical properties of this region present the possibility of raising a large osteomyocutaneous flap. PMID- 6226759 TI - Disseminated strongyloidiasis in children: a case report. PMID- 6226760 TI - Postnatal muscle fibre histochemistry in the rat. AB - Histochemical techniques were used to study the postnatal muscle fibre differentiation patterns in the plantaris and soleus muscles of male Sprague Dawley rats. Nine groups of animals (n = 6/group) were killed at 1, 6, 11, 16, 21, 26, 31, 36, and 140 days of age. Serial transverse sections of the two muscles were stained with H & E, NADH-D, and myofibrillar ATPase with acid (pH 4.35) or alkali (pH 10.4) preincubation. In each of the age groups, all available fibres across the muscle sections were classified. Obtained data show that fibre types are basically undifferentiated at birth in both muscles. In the plantaris muscle there are about 99% type IIA and less than 1% type I fibres at 6 days of age. Type IIB fibres can be identified at 11 days of age. There are increases in the percentages of type I fibres (from 0.7% to 3.5%) and type IIB fibres (from 1.1% to 6.5%) between 6 and 11 days and between 16 and 21 days respectively. By 36 days of age the relative numbers of type IIA, IIB, and type I fibres in the plantaris are approximately 80%, 14%, and 6%, respectively. A gradual change in fibre-type composition continues until it becomes 47% for type IIA, 43% for type IIB, and 10% for type I at 140 days of age. In the soleus muscle there are approximately 73% type IIA and 26% type I fibres at both 6 and 11 days of age. However, type IIA fibres decrease to 44% and type I fibres increase to 56% at 16 days of age. This rapid shift in fibre composition continues up to 31 days of age when the distribution becomes 25% for type IIA and 74% for type I fibres. Thereafter, the differentiation rate is much slower. At 140 days of age, there are 17% type IIA and 83% type I fibres in the soleus muscle. The results of this study show that the fibre populations in the plantaris and soleus muscles of the rat undergo a postnatal differentiation process. In both muscles the adult fibre population is established by 140 days of age. Although relatively rapid increases of type I and type IIB fibres occur in the plantaris during the second and third weeks of life, differentiation in that muscle appears to be an essentially continuous process. There is a notable shift in the fibre composition of the soleus muscle during the second postnatal week. Differences between the patterns of differentiation in the two muscles are apparent. PMID- 6226761 TI - The polymorphonuclear leukocyte in diabetes mellitus. AB - In polymorphonuclear leukocytes from severely diabetic patients the rate of glycolysis is decreased due to decreased activity of phosphofructokinase, and the glycogen content and rate of glycogen synthesis are decreased due to a decreased total activity of glycogen synthase and an impaired activation of this enzyme. Covalent modification of glycogen synthase by phosphorylation creates a continuum of phosphorylated enzyme forms of decreasing activity. Phosphorylation of a single peptide, whether by the synthase kinase or the cyclic AMP dependent protein kinase, is critical for the associated kinetic changes during the initial phosphorylation. Conversely, dephosphorylation of this particular peptide is associated with complete activation. The protein phosphatase activity of the microsomal fraction may be separated into functionally and possibly also structurally different phosphorylase- and synthase-phosphatase activities, where the latter appears to be dependent on free cytoplasmic Ca2+. It is hypothesized that it is synthase-phosphatase activity that is absent in leukocytes from diabetic patients and is restored upon insulin treatment. PMID- 6226762 TI - [A study on chromosomal association in Down's syndrome]. PMID- 6226763 TI - The relationship between conidial germination and esterase activities in Neurospora crassa. AB - Esterase activity in rapidly germinating Neurospora conidia was several times higher than the esterase activity in conidia which germinate slowly. Starch gel electrophoresis experiments demonstrated the existence of esterase isoenzymes which are specific to the conidia. These isoenzymes completely disappeared during 20 h of conidial germination at 30 degrees C. Electron microscopy showed the successive breakdown of electron-dense compounds in storage bodies during conidial germination. These observations, taken together, indicate that the electron-dense compounds may be hydrolysed by specific esterases to serve as an endogenous energy and material source for germ tube formation. The levels of esterase activity, however, were not always proportional to the time required for conidial germination, indicating the possibility that additional enzyme systems might also be involved in the initial stages of germination. PMID- 6226764 TI - Nuclear membrane indentations in Huntington's chorea. AB - Electron-microscopical examination of the nucleus accumbens, caudate nucleus and frontal cortex was performed in 21 patients with Huntington's disease (HD) and 21 age-matched controls. In HD, nuclear membrane indentations (NMI) were found in 25%, 29% and 20%, respectively, of the neurons of these areas. In the control group these figures were 4%, 4% and 38%, respectively. Possible pathogenetic mechanisms of the NMI are discussed. PMID- 6226765 TI - Acute experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Differences between T cell subsets in the blood and meningeal infiltrates in susceptible and resistant strains of guinea pigs. AB - The percentages of early (active, high affinity-rosetting), late (total) T cells and TG cells (suppressor T cells) were determined longitudinally in the blood and meningeal infiltrating cells of Strain 13 (susceptibility) and Strain 2 (resistant) animals inoculated for acute EAE and in guinea pigs of both strains in which the disease was suppressed with myelin basic protein (MBP) in incomplete Freund's adjuvant (IFA). Reactivity of T cells to MBP and oligodendrocyte protein was tested using the antigen-reactive T cell test. After inoculation for acute EAE, a transient increase in circulating early T cells was found during the latent period in Strain 13 guinea pigs only, while both strains showed a decrease in early T cells later on. Low values of circulating TG cells were more apparent in Strain 13 than Strain 2. In infiltrating cells of the meninges, early T cell values were significantly higher in the meninges than in the blood (P less than 0.01) in Strain 13, but were only slightly elevated in Strain 2 animals. TG cell levels in meningeal infiltrates were slightly higher than corresponding blood levels in both strains. In animals which were given a suppressive regimen of MBP/IFA, circulating early T cells rose initially and showed normal values later on in both strains of guinea pigs. TG cell levels were slightly more increased in strain 13 than strain 2. In comparison to blood values, early T cells were higher in the CNS in Strain 13, and lower in the CNS in Strain 2. TG cell levels were increased over blood values in both strains. These quantitative discrepancies in T cell subset between Strain 13 and Strain 2 guinea pigs which had been inoculated for EAE might reflect a difference in the cell-mediated immune response to white matter antigens which might be related to the variation in susceptibility to EAE. PMID- 6226766 TI - Scintigraphic detection of osteomyelitis with Tc-99m MDP and Ga-67 citrate: concise communication. AB - Using both Tc-99m methylene diphosphonate and gallium-67 citrate, images of the lower extremities in New Zealand white rabbits were obtained on sequential days after inoculation of tibias with Staphylococcus aureus. Gallium-67 scintigraphy was positive earlier in the course of infection than Tc-99m MDP scintigraphy. In addition to 4-hr Ga-67 scintigrams, 24-hr and 48-hr scintigrams were obtained, contributing substantially to interpretation. However, 72-hr Ga-67 scintigrams contributed little additional information. PMID- 6226767 TI - Extravasation from venous catheter: a serious complication potentially missed by lung imaging. AB - Three patients were referred for lung ventilation and perfusion (V/Q) imaging with symptoms strongly suggestive of pulmonary embolus (PE). Chest roentgenograms and xenon ventilation studies on all three were normal, save for prominent mediastinal silhouettes and effusions. Technetium-99m macroaggregated albumin (Tc 99m MAA), when injected through the central venous catheter (CVP), revealed mediastinal localization, whereas antecubital injections showed normal pulmonary perfusion. Contrast fluoroscopy introduced through the venous catheter in the first patient defined the extravasation. For patients under strong suspicion of PE, with a venous catheter whose distal tip is seen about the level of the heart on chest radiograph, we recommend administering the perfusion agent slowly through the central catheter to exclude catheter-induced complications. When extravasation is detected, injection of Tc-99m MAA by peripheral vein should be used to exclude PE. PMID- 6226768 TI - Metastatic prostatic pulmonary nodules with normal bone image. AB - Asymptomatic prostatic carcinoma presented as multiple bilateral pulmonary nodules in a patient without any evidence of skeletal involvement by normal bone image. Percutaneous biopsy provided the initial clue to diagnosis. We recommend that asymptomatic prostatic carcinoma be included in the differential diagnosis of pulmonary nodules, even when there is no evidence of skeletal metastasis. PMID- 6226769 TI - Rhabdomyosarcoma concentrating Tc-99m MDP. PMID- 6226770 TI - Antibiotic therapy in pediatric dentistry: a survey. PMID- 6226771 TI - Geriatric psychiatry and the older patient. PMID- 6226772 TI - Dental care in the nursing home. PMID- 6226773 TI - Staging dental care for the oral health problems of elderly people. PMID- 6226775 TI - Third component of complement, immunoglobulin deposition, and leucocyte attachment related to surface sulfate on larval Taenia taeniaeformis. AB - Cysticerci and strobilocerci of Taenia taeniaeformis were incubated with leucocytes from peritoneal washings of normal and T. taeniaeformis-infected rats in the presence of either normal sera or sera from infected rats. Leucocytes from infected and normal rats attached exclusively to the scolices but not the bladders of the larvae in the presence of serum from normal or infected rats. Heat inactivation at 56 C for 30 min destroyed the serum-mediated cell attachment. Histochemical staining of the larval taeniids with acid Alcian Blue demonstrated high concentrations of sulfated mucopolysaccharides on bladders that were not present on scolices. Immunofluorescent staining detected no difference in IgG deposition on the surfaces of bladders and scolices after incubation with rat sera in contrast to the markedly greater amounts of complement protein C3 found on scolices versus bladders. These results indicate that polysulfated substances on the bladder of this larval taeniid are associated with regional resistance to C3 deposition and leucocyte attachment. PMID- 6226774 TI - Relationship of somatomedin-C concentrations to pubertal changes. AB - The plasma somatomedin-C concentration increases above adult values during the teenage years. We studied the relationship of pubertal variables and the adolescent growth spurt to the changes in plasma total Sm-C concentration in normal volunteers and in boys with delayed puberty. The rise in plasma Sm-C concentrations was gradual and correlated positively with pubertal variables rather than with age. By midpuberty, plasma Sm-C had usually risen twofold. The Sm-C level in midpubertal girls (3.1 +/- 1.1, SD, U/ml) was greater than that in midpubertal boys (1.9 +/- 0.50, P less than 0.05). The Sm-C concentration in sexually mature teenagers was two to three times greater than that of adults. Both estrogens and androgens correlated independently with the plasma Sm-C concentration. The data are compatible with the hypothesis that pubertal estrogen or testosterone levels cause an increase in Sm-C, an effect possibly mediated by stimulation of growth hormone secretion, whereas greater estrogen exposure inhibits Sm-C generation, possibly by a direct effect. Plasma Sm-C concentrations correlated significantly with linear growth velocity until the age of peak pubertal growth velocity. Maximum Sm-C values were observed after the peak pubertal growth velocity was achieved, as height velocity was decelerating, and remained above adult levels for at least two to six years, at which time linear growth had virtually ceased. In boys with delayed puberty, Sm-C values resembled those of boys of like pubertal stage more closely than those of boys of similar age. Depressed plasma Sm-C values were found in some boys with delayed puberty; however, these did not preclude subsequent normal linear growth during sexual maturation. PMID- 6226776 TI - High-performance liquid chromatographic analysis of iodochlorhydroxyquin and hydrocortisone in ointments and creams. AB - A simple isocratic, high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) assay procedure was developed for the simultaneous determination of iodochlorhydroxyquin and hydrocortisone in ointments and creams using phenyl salicylate as an internal standard. Ointment samples were extracted by direct dissolution in ether. Homogeneous suspensions of the creams were prepared in the mobile phase. The samples were spiked by the addition of standard iodochlorhydroxyquin, standard hydrocortisone, and the internal standard and subsequently extracted with the mobile phase. HPLC was performed using a reverse phase microparticulate C-18 column, a precolumn, and a UV detector set at 256 nm. A mobile phase containing methanol and 0.05 M phosphoric acid (70:30) was employed at a flow rate of 1 ml/min. The percent iodochlorhydroxyquin and hydrocortisone found to be present in eight commercial products is reported. PMID- 6226777 TI - The effect of hyperthyroidism on capillarity and oxidative capacity in rat soleus and gastrocnemius muscles. AB - Muscle fibre composition and capillarity were evaluated in frozen sections stained for myosin ATPase of the soleus and the white area of the medial head of the gastrocnemius of rats made hyperthyroid by injections of triiodothyronine (300-400 micrograms/kg body weight, every other day) for 2, 3 and 4 weeks. O2 consumption of homogenates of these muscles in the presence of excess inorganic phosphate (Pi) and ADP with pyruvate and malate as substrates was also measured. Increased oxidative capacity was observed in the soleus homogenates of hyperthyroid animals after 2 weeks of treatment while no changes were observed in the oxidative capacity of the homogenates of the white area of the medial head of the gastrocnemius, even after 4 weeks of treatment. Hyperthyroid animals showed a greater capillarity than controls in both muscles. In the soleus this was evident after 2 weeks of treatment while in the white area of the medial head of the gastrocnemius, it was evident only after 4 weeks of treatment. Fibre composition was affected in the soleus after 4 weeks of treatment. In control animals two fibre types were present in the soleus: slow-twitch oxidative fibres (s.o. or type I fibres) with a high ATPase activity after acid pre-incubation and fast twitch glycolytic oxidative fibres (f.o.g. or type IIa fibres) with a low ATPase activity after acid pre-incubation. In the soleus of the hyperthyroid animals, a third fibre type with intermediate ATPase activity after acid pre-incubation was also present. This most probably represents a change in the type of myosin being synthesized by some fibres. No changes in fibre composition were observed in the white area of medial head of the gastrocnemius which was made up of only fast twitch glycolytic fibres (f.g. or type IIb fibres). The changes in oxidative capacity and capillarity in the soleus preceded and did not seem to be related to the changes in the type of myosin being synthesized. The increased capillarity found in the white area of the medial head of the gastrocnemius of the hyperthyroid animals, in the absence of an increase in the oxidative capacity, indicates that the latter is not the only factor that determines capillarity in skeletal muscle. PMID- 6226778 TI - Central and proprioceptive influences on the activity of levator costae motoneurones in the cat. AB - The role of central respiratory drive, muscle spindles and tendon organs in producing respiratory movements has been studied in the cat by recording from motoneurones supplying a set of small axial muscles inserted between each rib and the vertebra immediately rostral, the levatores costae. The levator costae muscles are active during normal inspiration but activity is progressively stronger in the muscles located in more caudal thoracic segments. Intracellular recordings from levator costae motoneurons show a characteristic central respiratory drive potential (c.r.d.p.), comprising phases of depolarization during inspiration alternating with expiratory phased hyperpolarization due to post-synaptic inhibition. Loading or unloading the levator costae muscles increases and decreases, respectively, their normal inspiratory activity. Electrophysiological and histological analysis of levator costae afferents reveals that each muscle contains three to five spindles and two to three tendon organs. By dissecting the levator costae nerve, afferent discharges from muscle spindle primary and secondary endings and those from tendon organs were recorded 'in continuity' and used to trigger an averager for analysing the synaptic potentials they evoke in levator costae motoneurones. Monosynaptic excitation and oligosynaptic inhibition originate from spindle (primary and secondary endings) and from tendon organ afferents respectively. Peculiarly a monosynaptic excitation has been evoked from a tendon organ. The action of the levator costae muscle on the respiratory movements of the ribs in the different thoracic spaces was analysed in relation to their anatomical properties and to the activity of the other respiratory muscles. The levator costae muscles, because of their relatively small size and well-defined population of proprioceptors, appear to provide a favourable preparation for studying the integrative action of the motoneurone. PMID- 6226779 TI - Steroid and pituitary hormone concentrations in the fluid of preovulatory bovine follicles relative to the peak of LH in the peripheral blood. AB - Preovulatory bovine follices (n = 73) were collected at different times after the onset of oestrus until shortly before ovulation, which occurred at 24 +/- 1 X 4 h after the peak concentration of LH in the peripheral blood. Non-atretic antral follicles (n = 9) of 15-19 mm were also collected from cows during the luteal phase of the oestrous cycle. Follicular fluid concentrations of dehydroepiandrosterone, androstenedione and oestrone, and of LH, FSH and prolactin were compared in 2-h periods relative to the LH plasma peak. Before the LH surge the concentrations of the steroids were much higher than in non-atretic luteal-phase follicles of similar size. From 0 to 6 h after the LH peak the steroid concentrations decreased sharply to remain low until ovulation; only that of androstenedione increased again after 14 h to remain constant. The ratio between the concentrations of androstenedione and dehydroepiandrosterone remained constant until 14 h after the LH peak; at 14 h it increased about 4-fold and remained high until ovulation. The ratio between the oestrone and androstenedione concentration increased gradually to a 10-fold higher value until at 14 h an abrupt decrease was observed. These changes indicate that after the LH peak androgen production is directly inhibited and, at a slower rate, the aromatizing activity. Androstenedione appeared to be the major aromatase substrate. Before the plasma LH peak the follicular fluid concentration of FSH was higher than in luteal-phase follicles; the concentrations of LH and prolactin were not different from those in luteal-phase follicles.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6226780 TI - Radio frequency leakage current from unipolar laparoscopic electrocoagulators. AB - Radio frequency (RF) leakage current has been suspected of causing accidental tissue burns associated with laparoscopic electrocoagulation used for tubal sterilization. A study was done to determine the levels of capacitively coupled RF leakage current from six unipolar laparoscopes manufactured by five companies. Leakage current values ranging from less than 100 mA to over 550 mA were measured at electrosurgical unit power settings of up to 150 w into 1,000 ohms. These levels represent 24-62% of the total electrosurgical current generated by the electrosurgical units. Using a criterion for tissue injury of 100 mA/sq cm applied for ten seconds, leakage current levels exceeding 400 mA are capable of producing burns either at the abdominal wall or to internal organs that accidentally come into contact with the body of the laparoscope. One of the six devices tested had leakage current levels higher than 400 mA at power settings lower than 100 w. Capacitance measurements between the unipolar laparoscope body and the forceps ranged from 53 to 140 picofarads. PMID- 6226781 TI - The Phoenix: from the ashes and looking to the ultimate barrier: our own attitude. PMID- 6226782 TI - Psychological and sociological aspects of industrial injury. PMID- 6226783 TI - Variables related to acceptance of disability in persons with spinal cord injuries. PMID- 6226784 TI - Advocacy intervention: a responsibility of human service professionals. PMID- 6226785 TI - An examination of disability as depicted on prime-time television programming. PMID- 6226786 TI - Rehabilitation in the Third Wave. PMID- 6226787 TI - Barriers to placement: strategies and resolution. PMID- 6226788 TI - Positive confrontation techniques for the rehabilitation counselor. PMID- 6226789 TI - Planning: a crucial element in job placement. PMID- 6226790 TI - Educating employers to hire disabled workers. PMID- 6226791 TI - Indicators of successful vocational rehabilitation. PMID- 6226792 TI - Grief in chronic illness and disability. PMID- 6226793 TI - The efficacy of fenbendazole at a dosage rate of 5 mg/kg against Dictyocaulus viviparus. AB - Fenbendazole, dosed to artificially infested cattle at 5 mg/kg live mass, was more than 60% effective in more than 60% of the treated animals against 1-7 day old Dictyocaulus viviparus larvae reducing the worm load by 87%. It was more than 80% effective in more than 80% of the treated animals against 8-21 day-old worms and 21-34 day-old worms and reduced the worm burdens by 99% in both cases. PMID- 6226794 TI - The efficacy of fenbendazole at a dosage rate of 5 mg/kg against the third and fourth stage larvae of Dictyocaulus filaria in sheep. AB - Fenbendazole, dosed to experimentally infested sheep at 5 mg/kg live mass, against immature Dictyocaulus filaria, was more than 80% effective in more than 80% of the animals. PMID- 6226795 TI - An analysis of 1-(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea activity at the cellular level. AB - The effect of five different 1-(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosoureas on the growth of cultured P388 cells has been analyzed in terms of physical, chemical, and kinetic parameters that are related to the mechanism of action of this class of cancer chemotherapeutic agent. This study correlates structure with activity at the cellular level by using a dose function that is related to the amount of active species, the (2-chloroethyl)diazonium ion, that is formed during the period of exposure of cells to drug rather than to the initial drug dose. 1-(2-Chloroethyl) 1-nitrosourea analogues that rapidly enter the P388 cells are shown to have the same activity relative to the amount of active species formed. When analyzed in this way, activity is not influenced by the structure of the N-3 substituent, lipophilicity, or carbamoylating activity. The agents 1-(2-chloroethyl)-1 nitrosourea (CNU), 1-(2-chloroethyl)-3-(2,6-dioxo-3-piperidyl)-1-nitrosourea (PCNU), 1-(2-chloroethyl)-3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU), and 1,3-bis(2 chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU) all produce a 50% cell growth inhibition at 6 to 7 microM active species formed per cell volume. Chlorozotocin required a twofold higher effective dose to produce the same toxic effect. This decreased activity is attributed to the slow uptake of the water-soluble chlorozotocin into P388 and L1210 cells relative to the rate of chlorozotocin conversion to active species in medium. The yields to 2-chloroethanol from CNU, BCNU, and chlorozotocin were shown to be the same, indicating that these agents generate the same yield of alkylating intermediate at 37 degrees C and pH 7.4. PMID- 6226796 TI - Using body surface movements to study breathing. AB - The chest wall comprising both rib cage and abdomen moves during breathing, and when suitably calibrated this motion can be used to monitor pulmonary ventilation without the need for face-masks or mouthpieces. Such non-invasive methods of studying breathing are likely to become more widely used in the future, especially in the investigation of respiratory control and sleep-disordered breathing. This review describes the physiological basis of these measurements and examines the practical and theoretical limitations of calibration techniques based on the two degrees-of-freedom model of chest-wall motion. PMID- 6226797 TI - Non-invasive microwave monitoring of respiratory pattern. AB - A non-invasive system for monitoring chest and abdominal motion is described. The system is based on the use of two microwave interferometers. A linear relationship with tidal volume can be obtained using an isovolume technique for calibration. Although the system is not an improvement on existing equipment, it is simpler and cheaper and well suited to rehabilitation work. PMID- 6226799 TI - Tooth morphology in Down's syndrome: evidence for retardation in growth. AB - Two dental morphological features, lower incisor shape and Carabelli trait on upper molars, were studied in Down's syndrome (DS) individuals and control groups. Lower incisors were smaller in DS in absolute terms, but showed a relatively greater mesiodistal crown dimension than labiolingual, the opposite relationship to normal. Although the Carabelli trait was present in a high percentage of DS subjects, few showed the cuspal form. These findings are consistent with the concept of a reduction of cellular activity of tooth germs reflecting a general retardation in growth in DS. The altered shape of the lower incisors may influence the pattern of periodontal disease observed in DS subjects. PMID- 6226800 TI - Correlates of intelligence and adaptive behaviour in Down's syndrome. AB - Intelligence and adaptive behaviour scores of Down's syndrome children were compared with parental educational level, socio-economic indicators, and parental age at birth of the child. IQ and adaptive behaviour scores were positively correlated with parental education and socio-economic indicators. Adaptive behaviour scores of children born to older parents were significantly lower than scores of children born to younger parents. PMID- 6226801 TI - The hippocampus in Down's syndrome. AB - Evidence is presented from area measurements of the end folia (dentate gyrus) and pyramidal cell layer of the hippocampus in adults with Down's syndrome that these structures are significantly smaller than those found in control subjects. This is likely to be largely due to congenital malformation. The observation is supported by the fact that these structures in a Down's fetus were not so well formed as in a non-Down's fetus of equivalent age. Significant functional repercussion in memory processes and intellectual potential as well as in risk of developing ageing disease may follow hippocampal maldevelopment. PMID- 6226798 TI - Regulation of cellular energy metabolism. PMID- 6226803 TI - Knotting of DNA caused by a genetic rearrangement. Evidence for a nucleosome-like structure in site-specific recombination of bacteriophage lambda. AB - Intramolecular recombination between two attachment sites on a circular substrate can invert one segment of the circle with respect to the other. We have studied the topological form of the products of such site-specific inversion as a function of two parameters of the substrate circle: the degree of supercoiling and the distance between the recombining sites. For both integrative and excisive recombination, supercoiled substrates produced knotted recombinants; the complexity of the knots reflects the distance separating the sites. This confirms and extends earlier observations and supports the hypothesis that random interwrapping of segments of the double-helical substrate persists during recombination. For integrative recombination, we find that even at conditions that should limit random interwrapping, absence of supercoiling and very short separation between attachment sites, only about one-half of the recombinant products are simple circles and the rest are knotted. Under the same conditions, excisive recombination yields only simple circular inverted recombinants. We propose that the excess knotting that characterizes integrative recombination reflects the requirement for wrapping of one attachment site, presumably attP, into a nucleosome-like structure. This hypothesis accounts for both the frequency of knots and the observation that the extra knots are trefoils rather than more complex forms. PMID- 6226802 TI - Comparison of the structures of cro and lambda repressor proteins from bacteriophage lambda. AB - The three-dimensional structures of cro repressor protein and of the amino terminal domain of lambda repressor protein, both from bacteriophage lambda, are compared. The second and third alpha-helices, alpha 2 and alpha 3, are shown to have essentially identical conformations in the two proteins, confirming the significance of the amino acid sequence homology previously noted between these and other DNA binding proteins in the region corresponding to these helices. The correspondence between the two-helical units in cro and lambda repressor protein is better than the striking agreement noted previously between two-helical units in cro and catabolite gene-activator protein. Parts of the first alpha-helices of repressor and cro show a structural correspondence that suggests a revised sequence homology between the two proteins in their extreme amino-terminal regions. In particular, there is a short loop between the alpha 1 and alpha 2 helices of lambda repressor that is missing from cro. This structural difference may account for the observed differences found with different cros and repressors in the pattern of phosphates whose ethylation prevents the binding of these proteins to their specific recognition sites. Although the two proteins have strikingly similar alpha 2-alpha 3 helical units that are presumed to bind to DNA in an essentially similar manner, stereochemical restrictions prevent the alpha 2 alpha 3 units of the respective proteins aligning on the DNA in exactly the same way. PMID- 6226804 TI - Role for DNA homology in site-specific recombination. The isolation and characterization of a site affinity mutant of coliphage lambda. AB - Site-affinity (or saf) mutations change the specificity of prophage insertion. We have isolated a saf mutation of the bacteriophage lambda attachment site by inserting the phage chromosome into and then excising it from a secondary host attachment site. This causes reciprocal exchange of two seven base-pair segments (the overlap regions) that lie within the cores of the two sites. Since the two overlap regions differ from each other in nucleotide sequence, the recombinant sites are mutants. We have determined the effect of overlap region homology on recombination. We found that homology promotes integrative and excisive recombination. This suggests that the two overlap regions interact directly during recombination. The pattern of segregation of the saf mutation during site specific recombination shows that it lies to the right of the point of genetic exchange about 95% of the time. This is a surprising result because lambda integrative recombination normally occurs by two staggered, reciprocal single strand exchanges, one at each edge of the overlap region (Mizuuchi et al., 1981). Since saf lies within the overlap region, we might have expected that the point of genetic exchange would occur to the left of saf as often as to the right. We offer two models to account for this. (1) The mutation alters the location of one of the single-strand exchange points. (2) Efficient and strand-specific processing of mismatched base-pairs changes the expected segregation pattern. PMID- 6226805 TI - Assembly and kinetic properties of myosin light chain isozymes from fast skeletal muscle. AB - Myosin from chicken pectoralis muscle consists of isozymes that differ in their alkali light chains. It is possible to isolate alkali 1 (A1) and alkali 2 (A2) homodimers of native myosin by immunoadsorption methods, and to compare their steady-state kinetics as well as their assembly into synthetic filaments under a variety of ionic conditions. Bipolar filaments of the isozymes formed at low salt concentrations had a narrow length distribution and did not differ from controls made from unfractionated myosin. Chicken myosin also assembles into highly homogeneous minifilaments similar to those formed by rabbit myosin in a citrate/Tris buffer. Analytical ultracentrifugation and electron microscopy showed that A1-homodimer, A2-homodimer and unfractionated myosin assembled into 0.3 micron short, bipolar minifilaments, which were indistinguishable from one another in size and shape. The steady-state myosin ATPase activity of the two homodimeric isozymes was identical in K+(EDTA) and Ca2+ assay media. The actomyosin Mg2+ ATPase measured at 25 and 55 mM-KCl (pH 8.0) showed only minor differences in both Vmax and Kapp. Actomyosin activity was also determined for the more homogeneous minifilament preparations of the isozymes and these, as well, produced essentially indistinguishable kinetic parameters. Thus we find no evidence to support the hypothesis that a particular alkali light chain of myosin can affect either the structure of the filaments or the steady-state rate of ATP hydrolysis. PMID- 6226806 TI - Peptide chain initiation and analysis of in vitro translation products in rat heart undergoing hypertrophic growth. AB - The cytosol fraction of rat heart contains an initiation factor-like protein component that behaves like the eukaryotic factor (eIF-2) in binding [35S]-Met tRNAf in the presence of GTP. The ternary initiator complex thus formed is able to bind to heart ribosomes. In the left ventricle of rat heart undergoing hypertrophic growth upon constriction of the descending aorta, the [35S]-Met tRNAf binding activity of the cytosol protein(s) gradually increases after the operation from 40%, at 48 h, to 90%, at 10 days; slightly lower activation is seen in the [35S]-Met-tRNAf binding to ribosomes. Polysomal RNA is extracted from sham operated and hypertrophic rat hearts and translated in a reticulocyte cell free system. The translation products are analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis: no clearcut qualitative difference is observed in the pattern obtained from sham operated and hypertrophic animals. PMID- 6226807 TI - Assessment of functional, morphological, and enzymatic tests for acute nephrotoxicity induced by mercuric chloride. AB - The relative merits of a comprehensive series of contemporary methods for detection of acute nephrotoxicity were evaluated. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were given 0, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, or 3.0 mg mercuric chloride (HgCl2)/kg body weight by ip injection. Indices of nephrotoxicity were examined 8, 24, 48, 72, and 96 h later. Alterations in urine osmolality, volume, and protein levels were seen within 24 h in response to 1 mg/kg or more of HgCl2. Administration of 0.5-3.0 mg/kg produced dose-dependent increases in urinary excretion of maltase activity and glucose by 24 h, the period of peak effect. There was no increase in maltase or alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity in the serum of these animals. Enzymuria was not apparent in rats that had marked elevations in serum AP, argininosuccinate lyase, and ornithine carbamyl transferase activities as a result of physical (i.e., dichlorodifluoromethane-frozen) or chemical (carbon tetrachloride-induced) damage of the liver. Morphological alterations, in the proximal tubular epithelium of perfusion-fixed kidneys from HgCl2-dosed rats, paralleled the changes in enzyme excretion with respect to time of onset and dose-effect. There was a dose dependent inhibition of tetraethylammonium (TEA) and p-aminohippurate (PAH) uptake by renal cortical slices at 24 h. Interestingly, increases in uptake of TEA and PAH were seen 8 h after a 1-mg/kg dose. Clearance of inulin and PAH in vivo were altered at 8 h by 0.5 and 1 mg/kg. Marked depression of these functional indices was seen at 24 h, by which time blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels were increased. The 0.5- and 1.0-mg/kg doses also produced time- and dose dependent increases in intracellular Na+ content which were maximal at 24 h. These results illustrate the importance of using a combination of biochemical and functional tests to elucidate the sequence of events in the kidney following toxic insult. Nevertheless, some of the simpler, traditional techniques (e.g., histopathology, urinalyses, BUN) were sensitive and organ-specific, and should continue to be very useful in nephrotoxicity testing/screening. PMID- 6226808 TI - Prevaccination screening of medical and dental students. Should low levels of antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen preclude vaccination? AB - The prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) markers in 484 medical and 329 dental students was studied. Three students (0.9%) were hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) reactive, and 46 students (5.7%) were reactive for antibody to HBsAg (anti-HBs). There was no difference in anti-HBs frequency between medical and dental students, and the prevalence of this marker was not associated with year in school. Of the 46 reactors, eight (17%) were nonreproducible and 38 (83%) were reproducibly reactive when the same samples were reanalyzed. Of note, all nonreproducible reactors exhibited anti-HBs sample-negative control (S/N) ratios of less than 10, and none were positive for antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc). Nineteen (50%) of the reproducible reactors had anti-HBs S/N ratios equal to or greater than 10, and only 15 (39%) were anti-HBc positive. In view of these observations, we do not recommend HBV screening in a vaccine program for health students. Due to the frequency with which low-level anti-HBs reactors without anti-HBc are found to be nonreproducibly positive, we are concerned by the potential overinterpretation of such results before the formulation of decisions about the need for vaccination. PMID- 6226809 TI - Administration of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Effects on indexes of cellular immune status and serum rheumatoid factor levels. AB - We have previously reported that nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents (NSAIAs) stimulate cellular immune responses and inhibit production of IgM rheumatoid factor in cultures of lymphocytes from patients with rheumatoid arthritis. We had 20 patients with rheumatoid arthritis stop taking NSAIAs for two weeks and then take piroxicam, a new NSAIA, for an additional ten weeks to assess the in vivo effects of NSAIAs on cellular immunity and rheumatoid factor levels. In each case, serum rheumatoid factor levels rose and phytohemagglutinin response fell when placebo was substituted for NSAIAs. Piroxicam administration was associated with a fall in rheumatoid factor levels to approximately 62% of the baseline level and with an increase in phytohemagglutinin response. The action of NSAIAs in rheumatoid arthritis may be mediated to a degree by partial correction of the disordered immunoregulation in this disease. PMID- 6226810 TI - Term uterine pregnancy after four successive tubal pregnancies. PMID- 6226811 TI - [Interventional angiography: present status and prospects]. PMID- 6226812 TI - [Accumulation of 99mTc-MDP in rhabdomyosarcoma]. PMID- 6226813 TI - [Cooperation with regional public health clinics using a form requesting home care of premature infants (including handicapped infants)]. PMID- 6226814 TI - [Quantitative evaluation of left-sided valvular regurgitation by multi-gated equilibrium scintigraphy]. PMID- 6226815 TI - Production of the modified form of human plasminogen in the plasma activated by urokinase. AB - Plasminogen, a precursor of proteolytic enzyme plasmin which lyses thrombi in vivo, is postulated to be adsorbed onto fibrin and is converted into a modified form by plasmin. The properties of the modified form examined in vitro support this hypothesis. Nevertheless, it has been postulated that no conversion of native plasminogen into the modified form occurs in plasma, since alpha 2-plasmin inhibitor rapidly inactivates plasmin formed. However, we suggested production of the modified form in the "post-exercise" plasma. The present study was undertaken to examine production of the modified form in a simpler system, urokinase activated plasma. The amount of the modified form in the plasma was estimated using the previous method with modification, epsilon-aminocaproic acid-containing polyacrylamide gel disc electrophoresis. The amount in the post-exercise plasma was also re-estimated by the present method. The amount of the modified form increased with the increase in urokinase concentration added to plasma. The presence of the modified form in the post-exercise plasma was also confirmed. The modified form could be produced in the plasma where an excess amount of alpha 2 plasmin inhibitor was expected to exist. The present results indicate that conversion of native plasminogen into the modified form may occur in vivo, supporting the hypothesis mentioned above. PMID- 6226816 TI - Effect of N-(2-carboxyphenyl)-4-chloroanthranilic acid disodium salt (CCA) on the induction of helper and suppressor T cells in vitro and in vivo. AB - Keyhole lympet hemocyanin (KLH)-specific suppressor T (Ts) cells that suppress the in vitro secondary anti-trinitrophenyl (TNP) PFC response to TNP-KLH could be induced when murine spleen cells were precultured with KLH. N-(2-carboxyphenyl)-4 chloroanthranilic acid disodium salt (CCA) at 1-100 micrograms/ml augmented the in vitro induction of Ts cells when the cells were precultured with a suboptimal dose of KLH (10 micrograms/ml). Ts cell-induction was, however, rather slightly inhibited by the same concentrations of CCA when the lymphocytes were precultured with an optimal amount of KLH (100 micrograms/ml). In the in vivo experiments, the daily administration of 10 mg/kg CCA for 4 weeks augmented or inhibited Ts cell-induction when mice were immunized with a suboptimal (30 micrograms/body) or an optimal (100 micrograms/body) amount of KLH, respectively. However, CCA had no effect on the induction of Ts cells by concanavalin A in vivo. On the other hand, CCA augmented the induction of helper T (Th) cells both in vitro and in vivo when Th cells were induced with a suboptimal amount of antigens. In contrast, the augmentative effect was no longer observed when Th cells were induced by an optimal amount of antigens. These results suggest that CCA is a compound showing immunomodulating properties that affect Ts and Th cell-induction depending on immunological conditions. These immunopharmacological profiles are discussed in connection with its clinical application to an autoimmune disease like rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 6226817 TI - [Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty]. PMID- 6226818 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of blunt liver injuries]. PMID- 6226819 TI - [Possibilities of radionuclide splenoportography in patients with liver cirrhosis]. PMID- 6226820 TI - [A method of laparoscopic cholecystostomy]. PMID- 6226821 TI - [Laparoscopy in diseases of the liver, biliary tract, and pancreas]. PMID- 6226822 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of obstructive jaundice]. PMID- 6226823 TI - [Treatment of malignant tumors of the small intestine]. PMID- 6226824 TI - A practicable method for the analysis of T lymphocyte subsets in CSF lymphopleocytosis. AB - A practicable indirect immunofluorescence technique for the analysis of surface markers of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cells is described. Preliminary results in 10 patients with acute or chronic CSF lymphopleocytosis of different etiology showed an almost uniform pattern of cell subsets. The majority of CSF cells represented OKT3-positive T lymphocytes with a mean helper (OKT4-positive) to suppressor (OKT8-positive) ratio of 3,4 to 1. PMID- 6226825 TI - [Features of the course of chronic bronchitis among World War II invalids]. PMID- 6226826 TI - Acid mucopolysaccharides in leprosy lesions. AB - Uniform accumulation of acid mucopolysaccharides in all types of leprosy lesions was seen, except late tuberculoid lesions which showed the accumulation only at the periphery. Absence of acid mucopolysaccharides was significant in well formed epithelioid granulomas and in giant cells of late tuberculoid cases. Generally a progressive decrease with advancing chronicity of the disease was noted. The dermal zone without any cellular infiltrate showed abundant acid mucopolysaccharides in comparison to those areas having inflammatory cell infiltrate in 70.83% of LL, 42.86% of BL, 33.3% of BB, 40.0% of BT, and 13.51% of TT cases. In Indeterminate cases the distribution was same to that of control cases. Testicular hyaluronidase digestion established that hyaluronic acid constituted the main bulk of acid mucopolysaccharides. The possible source of hyaluronic acid is discussed. PMID- 6226827 TI - A differential capacitive transducer for continuous recording the mass flows through epithelia by immersion weighing. AB - The experimental set-up specifically for recording the weight changes involved in the measurements by immersion weighing of the osmotic and isotopic mass flows through epithelia, is described. It allows the conversion of any common mechanical microbalance into a device able to record mass flows at 10(-6) Kg.m 2.s(-1) sensitivity. PMID- 6226828 TI - EKG of the month. Left atrial enlargement, intraventricular conduction delay, myocardial injury, and electromagnetic artifact due to an intravenous infusion pump. PMID- 6226829 TI - Hematoporphyrin derivative: quantitative uptake in dimethylhydrazine-induced murine colorectal carcinoma. AB - The selective affinity of hematoporphyrin derivative (HpD) for dimethyl-hydrazine induced colorectal malignancies in mice was evaluated both visually and by a quantitative microfluorescent photometric technique. A significant correlation was found between higher concentrations of HpD in colon biopsies determined by microfluorescence spectroscopy and the presence of carcinoma cells in these biopsies as identified by histologic examination. Visual inspection of the gross fluorescence of tumor-bearing colons in this experimental model, however, was not helpful in differentiating malignant from nonmalignant tissue. The implications of this study regarding the clinical application of HpD tumor fluorescence for the detection of colorectal carcinoma are discussed. PMID- 6226830 TI - Carcinoembryogenic antigen and lysosomal enzymes in gastric juice as an aid in the diagnosis of gastric cancer. AB - Malignant transformation in cells is accompanied by enzymatic changes that may be useful markers of malignancy. Studies of oncofetal antigens in gastric juice show an increased concentration in patients with gastric carcinoma. The object of the present study was to test if the concentration of lysosomal enzymes and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) were altered in patients with gastric carcinoma compared to patients earlier operated with gastric resection--a supposedly premalignant condition. The results show that no differences could be found in CEA and beta-hexosaminidase levels between the patients with gastric carcinoma and those with gastric resection. However, lysozyme content was significantly higher in gastric carcinoma and might prove useful for screening of patients after gastric resection. Both CEA, beta-hexosaminidase, and lysozyme levels were significantly higher in patients with gastric carcinoma than in a control population, and can therefore have a role in screening of asymptomatic patients. PMID- 6226832 TI - Technique and results of operative transluminal angioplasty in 81 consecutive patients. AB - Eighty-one consecutive patients with distal multivessel coronary artery disease underwent 93 attempts at operative transluminal angioplasty at the time of coronary bypass operation. Lesions chosen for angioplasty were those in coronary arteries that otherwise would not have been bypassed because of small size and/or inaccessible location; 53% involved the distal anterior descending artery. A guide wire-tipped catheter with a 2 mm balloon was found to be the more satisfactory of the two devices used. An operative "successful" dilatation was achieved with 75 lesions (81%). Eighteen "unsuccessful" dilatations occurred primarily because of inability to transverse the lesions with the catheter. Postoperative angiography was performed in 29 patients to study 31 lesions. In 20 of 28 "successfully" dilated lesions (71%), the stenoses were completely alleviated. Three lesions were found unimproved and in two lesions, the coronary arteries were occluded distally. Two bypass grafts, involving two lesions with extensive dilatation, were closed. Two patients had definite perioperative myocardial infarction, and there were no deaths in this series. Whereas calcification did not influence success, the length of the lesion was inversely proportional to a successful dilatation. Operative dilatation of short coronary distal lesions is safe, has a high percentage of success, and offers a larger distal runoff for coronary bypass grafts. Areas of normal coronary arteries should not be dilated. Careful attention to detail and proper selection of the lesions to be dilated are required. The technique should be used only to dilate arteries that otherwise would not accept a bypass graft. PMID- 6226831 TI - Emergency coronary artery reperfusion: a choice therapy for evolving myocardial infarction. Results in 339 patients. AB - Between 1975 and 1982, 339 patients underwent emergency coronary artery reperfusion for treatment of evolving myocardial infarction (MI). Group I (112 patients) had reperfusion with intracoronary streptokinase. Group II (46 patients) had reperfusion with a combination of intracoronary streptokinase and percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA). Group III (181 patients) had saphenous vein bypass grafting. Twenty Group I patients and one Group II patient had emergency bypass grafting as streptokinase and PTCA were unsuccessful and significant myocardium remained at risk due to residual stenosis in the MI artery. Seventy-nine percent of Group III patients had successful thrombectomy of the infarcted artery, 33% of Group I had significant residual lesions after clot lysis, and 16% of Group I and 17% of Group III patients had no observable lesion on restudy. There were 10 early and two late deaths in the surgical patients. There were two deaths in Group I and no deaths in Group II. All deaths occurred in patients who were in cardiogenic shock before reperfusion (Group IV). Late follow-up (220 patients to 78 months) revealed three late MIs, four cerebral vascular accidents, two late cardiac and three noncardiac late deaths, and 31 patients with residual symptoms. Patients with an emerging MI should be treated via reperfusion of the MI vessel by one of these techniques. With single-vessel involvement, streptokinase lysis of the intercoronary thrombosis should be attempted. If this is successful and there is a significant residual stenotic lesion, the vessel should undergo balloon angioplasty at that time. If PTCA is unsuccessful, then bypass grafting should be done. When significant multiple vessel disease exists in conjunction with an acute MI, the patient should have emergency saphenous vein bypass grafting as the treatment of choice. PMID- 6226833 TI - Tanshinone in the treatment of acne. PMID- 6226834 TI - T-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia with morphologic and immunologic characteristics of cytotoxic/suppressor phenotype. AB - The human cytotoxic/suppressor T-cell subpopulation has characteristic cytoplasmic granules and unique surface antigens that are recognized by OKT8 monoclonal antibody. Using immunocytochemical techniques, we identified three patients with an indolent T-cell lymphoproliferative disorder having morphologic and immunocytochemical characteristics of a cytotoxic/suppressor T-cell phenotype. Review of the literature revealed 22 similar cases, which were frequently associated with neutropenia and anemia. These cases may represent a distinct clinicopathologic entity with an apparently indolent clinical course that differs from other T-cell lymphoproliferative disorders, which are generally considered to be more aggressive diseases. PMID- 6226835 TI - Interstitial lung disease. Assessment by bronchoalveolar lavage. AB - Bronchoalveolar lavage is a new bronchoscopic technique that permits assessment of changes in the cellular traffic in the alveolar spaces. During a 16-month period, 120 patients underwent bronchoalveolar lavage at our institution. Control subjects (N = 11) had a predominance of alveolar macrophages (94 +/- 1%) with a few lymphocytes (4 +/- 1%), whereas 35 patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis had a substantial increase in the number of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (17 +/- 2%), and 32 patients with sarcoidosis had an appreciable increase in the number of lymphocytes (27 +/- 2%). Further subtyping of these lymphocytes in 13 patients with sarcoidosis revealed the cells to be predominantly from the T helper subclass (helper/suppressor ratio of 5.3/1.0; normal 1.8/1.0). In contrast, three other patients with a lymphocytic alveolitis (51 +/- 8% lymphocytes) had a pronounced predominance of T-suppressor lymphocytes (helper/suppressor ratio of 0.1/1.0) in the lavage fluid. Two of the three patients were thought to represent an unusual subset of patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, and the third patient had pulmonary involvement secondary to angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy. Thus, bronchoalveolar lavage may be a useful means by which to assess the influx of inflammatory or immune effector cells into the alveolar structures in patients with interstitial lung disease, and this procedure offers promise as a quantitative means by which to assess the disease activity and the response to therapeutic intervention in these patients. PMID- 6226836 TI - Does mitochondrial ATP synthesis decline as a function of change in the membrane environment with ageing. AB - Cardiac mitochondria isolated from rats fed purified diets of known lipid composition demonstrate a decline in the rates of oxidative phosphorylation, ATP synthesis and oligomycin sensitive ATPase activity as the animal ages. Transitions in these lipid-dependent functions of mitochondrial energy metabolism are concomitant with changes in the lipid environment of the mitochondrial membrane. PMID- 6226838 TI - [Immunoblastic lymphadenopathy]. PMID- 6226837 TI - Changes in spleen cell proliferative responses and resistance to syngeneic tumor challenge in aging NBR rats. AB - New Zealand Black rats are shown to have a mean longevity of 102.9 weeks. The 90%, 50% and 10% survival age are 81 weeks, 108 weeks and 126 weeks, respectively. Resistance to syngeneic tumor challenge is significantly lower in young rats (3-35 weeks) and very old rats (126-140 weeks) compared to middle-aged rats (36-85 weeks). The in vitro spleen cell proliferative response to syngeneic tumor cells is decreased in old rats. No decrease is observed in spleen cell proliferation induced by the mitogens concanavalin A or phytohemagglutinin. Young (4 weeks) rat spleens contain suppressor cells which affect the mitogen and syngeneic tumor cell induced proliferation of responsive spleen cells (from 50 week-old rats). Spleen cells from old rats (130 weeks) do not demonstrate analogous suppressor cell activity. PMID- 6226839 TI - [Cellular immunity in polymorphous light eruption]. AB - Lymphocytic-cell subsets (T total, T helper, T suppressor-cells) have been studied with Monoclonal Antibodies (OKT-3, OKT-4, OKT-8) in 21 patients with Polymorphous light Eruption in inactive phase and have been compared with 13 controls. The results shvon normal cell figures (T total, helper and suppressor). However, when observing the ratio between T helper cells and T suppressor cells, a slight decrease in this ratio is appreciated, which would correspond to a relative increase of suppressor cells. These results are similar to those obtained for the inactive S. L. E. (9). PMID- 6226841 TI - [Sport for handicapped children--a better cooperation in school is needed]. PMID- 6226840 TI - [Diagnostic value of keratosis palmaris as indicative sign of visceral cancer]. AB - Palmar keratosis is studied in patients with visceral cancer. It is related to sex and localization. Its higher frequency can be observed in these patients than in controls. Their incidence is larger in the male and in patients with cancer localized in oesophagus, lungs and prostate. In woman the incidence is less than in male and in cancers localized anywhere but breast and uterus. This cutaneous lesion is a very important phenotypical sign in oncology and can be considered as paraneoplasic cutaneous marker. PMID- 6226842 TI - [Changes in the heart in the hyperviscosity syndrome in newborn infants]. PMID- 6226843 TI - [The iliolumbar syndrome]. PMID- 6226845 TI - [Study of the interaction between glibenclamide and zimelidine in acute and chronic administration]. PMID- 6226844 TI - [Hemophilia A associated with Down's syndrome]. PMID- 6226846 TI - Comparison of efficacy of thrombolysin, streptokinase, and urokinase in a femoral vein clot model in rats. AB - A venous clot model in rats was used to compare the ability of locally infused thrombolytic agents to lyse clots. Urokinase and a combination of streptokinase and human plasminogen (Thrombolysin) proved to be equally effective in lysing clots. In comparison, streptokinase alone was not as effective a thrombolytic agent in this model. PMID- 6226847 TI - Molecular characterization of ilvC specialized transducing phages of Escherichia coli K-12. AB - A series of lambda defective ilvC specialized transducing phage has been isolated which carry regions of isoleucine and valine structural and regulatory genes derived from the ilv cluster at minute 83 on the linkage map of the chromosome of Escherichia coli K-12. The ilv genes carried by these phages and their order have been determined by transduction of auxotrophs. The ilvC+ lysogen of an ilvC- strain gave rise, after heat induction of the lysogen, to transducing particles which carried the wild-type allele of the cya-marker. Further experiments have shown that the lambda defective ilvC phages were able to cotransduce a rho-15ts mutation as well as a rep-5 mutation. Hence, the order of the clockwise excision of the ilv cluster was found to be ilvC-rho-rep-cya. Enzyme levels in strains carrying the lambda defective ilvC phages indicated the the ilvC gene was not altered by the insertion of lambda into the ilv cluster. The isolation and digestion of lambda defective ilvC DNA by EcoRI and HindIII restriction endonucleases demonstrated that the specialized transducing phages carried part of the genome from the E. coli K-12 chromosome. PMID- 6226848 TI - Serum migration inhibitory activity and monoclonal antibody-defined T-cell phenotypes in patients with acute infectious mononucleosis. AB - Previous experiments in our laboratory have demonstrated that circulating endogenous leucocyte (migration) inhibitory factor (serum LIF), or a lymphokine with LIF-like activity, may be involved in the impaired cellular immune response observed during the acute phase of the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) induced infectious mononucleosis (IM). To determine whether serum LIF activity is associated with immunoregulatory IM T-cell subset abnormalities, we analyzed the peripheral blood T-cell populations in a series of acute serum LIF-positive and LIF-negative IM patients by means of T-lymphocyte-specific monoclonal antibodies. Although there was both activation and increase of suppressor/cytotoxic T cells in all IM patients sampled in the acute stage, the relative and absolute numbers of suppressor lymphocytes were found to be significantly higher in those who had LIF activity in their serum. It is postulated that EBV infection can preferentially activate a specific T-cell subpopulation which, in its turn, inhibits the overall host immune response, possibly by a LIF-induced feedback suppression mechanism. PMID- 6226849 TI - Etiological agents responsible for acute diarrhea in children in an urban community in Burma. PMID- 6226850 TI - Osteopathy. PMID- 6226851 TI - Erythrocyte anomalies in Down's syndrome. AB - It is suggested that anomalies in Down's syndrome /DS/ erythrocyte /E/ features are due to accelerated E aging. This, in turn, can be conditioned by augmented free-radical exposure. Accelerated cell aging in DS may be the reason for immune system derangement. PMID- 6226852 TI - Immunization against hepatitis B. PMID- 6226853 TI - Hepatitis B vaccine. PMID- 6226854 TI - Hepatitis B reservoirs and attack rates in an Australian community. A basis for vaccination and crossinfection policies. AB - Four different subpopulations in South Australia, which were expected to have high rates of hepatitis B infection (Asians, Aboriginals, homosexual men, and drug addicts) were examined for their contribution to the total reservoir of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) carriers and to the total annual incidence of acute hepatitis B infection in South Australia. Age-specific prevalence data were also examined to assess the ages at which infection is commonly acquired. It was found that the above four groups, which comprise 3% of the State's population, are likely to include about 75% of HBsAg carriers in the State, but contribute a minority of the total new infections each year; they are not likely to present a significant risk of infection to the community at large. Three different age related patterns of acquisition of infection were recognized--among Southeast Asians and Aboriginals, homosexual men and drug addicts, and the general community, respectively. The above approach, and to some extent the general findings, should be applicable to other similar communities in the formulation of effective policies for the control and prevention of hepatitis B infection. PMID- 6226855 TI - Non-specific senile dementia mimicking Huntington's disease in two siblings. AB - Two elderly brothers developed a progressive organic dementia associated with choreiform movements which was clinically suggestive of Huntington's disease. Necropsy studies disclosed non-specific cerebral atrophy in both patients. A precise diagnosis is of paramount importance in cases such as this because of the social and genetic implications of the diagnosis of Huntington's disease. PMID- 6226856 TI - Chlorozotocin treatment of advanced gastrointestinal cancer. AB - From April 1981 to December 1981, 34 consecutive patients with advanced gastrointestinal cancer were treated with chlorozotocin at the dosage of 40 mg/m2 daily for 5 consecutive days (30 mg/m2 in patients pretreated with chemotherapy) every 6 weeks. In the 30 patients evaluable for response, a 3.3% objective response rate was encountered. Toxicity was not significant and consisted mainly in reversible myelosuppression. Median survival was 3 months. At the dosage and schedule used, chlorozotocin does not seem to be an effective agent in the treatment of advanced gastrointestinal cancer. PMID- 6226858 TI - [Focus of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis on prospective irrigation sites along the route of the Kara Kum Canal]. PMID- 6226859 TI - [Abundance, seasonal activity pattern of individual D. niveus Neum., 1897 and the sex ratio in a natural population in the northern Turkmen SSR]. PMID- 6226857 TI - [Malaria imported into the Crimea]. PMID- 6226860 TI - [Results of helminthiasis control in the 10th Five-Year Plan in the Georgian SSR and the scientific and practical tasks in this field 1981-1985]. PMID- 6226861 TI - [Results of ancylostomiasis control and the prospects for its eradication in the Azerbaijan SSR]. PMID- 6226862 TI - [Cases of quartan malaria infection after blood transfusion]. PMID- 6226863 TI - [Delarvation effectiveness of Gambusia in reclaimed rice fields in the Uzbek SSR]. PMID- 6226865 TI - Technology--an unfulfilled promise for the handicapped. AB - Rehabilitation engineering emphasizes the application of the physical, medical, allied health and social sciences to ameliorate the handicaps of persons with disabilities. A handicap is the consequence of a disability that interferes with a person's life goals in daily living, vocation, avocation and recreation. The degree of a handicap depends on the interaction of a disability and a particular environment as well as on the nature of the life goals of persons with a disability. Thus, technology can reduce a handicap by overcoming functional barriers, but it may increase a handicap by raising a person's life goals to a level that cannot yet technically be achieved, or if developed, effectively delivered. The design-development-production process and the special problems inherent in the development and distribution of technical devices for handicapped persons are discussed. The dependence of the service-delivery system on adequate information and effective evaluation of devices in meeting the needs of handicapped persons is critically examined. Recommendations to overcome barriers that interfere with the availability of the products of technology for persons with disabilities are presented. A description of research areas of technology for the handicapped is also presented. PMID- 6226864 TI - [Use of D-20 aerosol insecticide smoke pots in controlling burrow sandflies]. PMID- 6226866 TI - Direct accurate gas flow measurement in the patient: compensation for unavoidable error. AB - It is shown that the conditions for accurate flow measurement are not met if the resistant flow meter (e.g., Fleisch pneumotachograph or screen pneumotachograph) is attached directly at the mouth or endotracheal tube and the breath flows directly through it, firstly because its gas composition, temperature, and humidity change radically even within the course of one respiratory cycle, secondly because the expiratory peak flow of the patient being ventilated rapidly tends to become too high, and thirdly because the entire system is sensitive to turbulence. Methods are proposed to compensate continuously for the influence of the changing gas concentrations and to reduce expiratory peak flow without increasing resistance. With the resulting reduction in the error from 20% to about 2%, tidal volume can be more reliably determined, and the higher quality of primary data allows a more differentiated and more complex evaluation (N2-washout compartment analysis, VDS measurement, analysis of complicated patterns of spontaneous breathing or mechanical ventilation such as IMV, etc.). PMID- 6226868 TI - Clinical use of exercise testing in handicapped patients. PMID- 6226869 TI - Topography of the subunits of Micrococcus lysodeikticus F1-ATPase. AB - The combined use of proteolytic digestion and lactoperoxidase catalyzed labelling with [125I] applied to membrane-bound or soluble pure F1-ATPase from Micrococcus lysodeikticus has allowed us to establish the topography of its alpha, beta, gamma and delta subunits within the protein molecule and with respect to the plane of the membrane. The beta subunit is most externally located to the membrane bilayer looking towards the cytoplasmic face, a position consistent with its proposed catalytic role. The alpha and gamma subunits lie in an intermediate layer between the beta subunits and the membrane, in which the gamma subunit occupies a central position within the F1-ATPase molecule in contact with the alpha subunit. The delta subunit appears to be tightly bound to the F0 component of the ATPase complex, probably buried in the membrane bilayer. A molecular arrangement of M. lysodeikticus ATPase is proposed that, taking into account the subunit stoichiometry alpha 3 beta 3 gamma 2 delta 2 (MW 420 000), accommodates the role assigned to each subunit and most, if not all, the known properties of this bacterial energy-transducing protein. PMID- 6226870 TI - [Domainal organization of the molecules of Lys-plasminogen]. AB - The intramolecular melting of the human Lys-plasminogen and its different fragments were studied by the differential scanning microcalorimetry method. Thermodynamical analysis of melting curves showed that the Lys-plasminogen molecule consists of 7 domains. Five of them are formed by five homologeus regions of the polypeptide chain (kringle), while two domains are formed by the part of the polypeptide chain corresponding to the plasmin light chain. The domains included in the fragments seem to be rather independent, since fragmentation does not lead to noticeable changes of their stability in comparison to that of the intact molecule. It has been shown also that plasminogen-plasmin conversion is accompanied by structural transformation of the molecule which results in the destabilization of one of the light chain domains. PMID- 6226871 TI - [Gestagen therapy of breast cancer. Effect of high doses on the blood coagulation system]. PMID- 6226872 TI - Induction of SOS functions in Escherichia coli by lesions resulting from incorporation of 5-bromouracil into DNA. AB - Lesions induced by 5-bromouracil (BU), after its incorporation into DNA, led to effective induction of prophage lambda and W reactivation (or BU reactivation). Prophage induction due to incorporated BU occurred only with the wild-type prophage, and not for the lambda c1857 mutant with a thermosensitive repressor. Antipain, a protease inhibitor, inhibited wild-type prophage induction 70-90%. This indicates that BU-induced lesions may induce the SOS repair system. The finding that such lesions provoke BU reactivation permits the inference that BU induced mutagenesis also proceeds via involvement of the error-prone repair system, and not directly as a result of base-pairing errors. Genetic evidence suggests that induction of the SOS repair system as a result of incorporation of BU into DNA is linked to the subsequent appearance of uracil residues and apyrimidinic sites, resulting from dehalogenation of incorporated BU. Apyrimidinic sites appear to be more effective than uracil residues in induction of the SOS system. PMID- 6226867 TI - Structure and function of proton-translocating adenosine triphosphatase (F0F1): biochemical and molecular biological approaches. PMID- 6226873 TI - Comparison of the cytotoxic and mutagenic effects of selected mutagens on excision repair-sufficient and -deficient AD-3 mutants of Neurospora crassa. AB - The excision repair-deficient genetic marker uvs-2 was crossed into the tester strains N23 and N24 of Neurospora crassa. Comparison was made among the effects of selected mutagens on a repair-sufficient strain (N23 or N24) and a repair deficient strain (N23 uvs-2 or N24 uvs-2) with regard to cell killing and induction of reverse mutation from adenine dependence to adenine independence. Methyl methanesulfonate (MMS), ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS), 1,2,7,8 diepoxyoctane (DEO), N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG), 2,3,5,6 tetraethyleneimino-1,4-benzoquinone (TEB) and ICR-170 were found to be more toxic to the repair-deficient strains than to the repair-sufficient strains. For the induction of reverse mutations N23 uvs-2 appeared to be more sensitive than N23 to MNNG and TEB and to the high concentrations of MMS and DEO while N24 was 20 times more sensitive than N24 uvs-2 to ICR-170. PMID- 6226874 TI - Skin rash associated with Sinemet 25/100. PMID- 6226875 TI - Pathology. What origin for toxic shock syndrome? PMID- 6226876 TI - The toxic shock syndrome exotoxin structural gene is not detectably transmitted by a prophage. AB - Toxic shock syndrome (TSS) is a complex of generalized symptoms caused by a local staphylococcal infection, and a circulating toxin is thought to be involved. Indeed, nearly 100% of TSS isolates produce an exoprotein, TSSE, that is thought to have an aetiological role on the basis of positive animal tests (refs 1,2 and F. Quimby, personal communication) and human serological data. Although the precise role of TSSE in TSS remains unclear (E. Kass, personal communication), no other staphylococcal factor has been implicated. Our preliminary studies of the genetics of TSSE production failed to demonstrate plasmid or phage involvement or linkage with known chromosomal genes (ref. 4 and B.N.K. et al., unpublished data); however, Schutzer et al. have found that most TSS strains harbour prophages with common plating characteristics and suggest that the toxin(s) involved in TSS are transmitted by lysogenic conversion. We show here that TSSE is not demonstrably transferred by lysogeny; moreover, we have cloned the gene and found that the cloned product is serologically and biologically indistinguishable from the native protein, and that the TSSE determinant is associated with a larger DNA segment that is absent or rearranged in TSSE- strains. PMID- 6226877 TI - Efficiency of antigen presentation differs in mice differing at the Mls locus. AB - In the mouse, potent primary in vitro proliferation of T cells can be induced by allelic variants of cell-surface glycoproteins, Ia antigens, the genes for which are located in the I region of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) on chromosome 17. The only other potent primary proliferative response known is induced by mixing MHC-identical lymphocytes from strains that differ at the locus termed Mls (ref. 1) (for mixed lymphocyte stimulating), which has been mapped to chromosome 1. While it is relatively easy to raise antibodies against Ia antigens, and thus determine both their chemical nature and their role in T-cell stimulation, the nature of the product of the Mls locus has remained obscure. It has been proposed that the Mls locus product is a minor antigen recognized in association with self-Ia antigens, a translocated Ia-like element, or a mitogenic molecule found on the surface of antigen presenting cells (APC). Here, we demonstrate that APCs from mice carrying stimulatory Mls locus alleles present antigen more efficiently to cloned, antigen-specific, Ia-restricted T cells than APCs from mice carrying nonstimulating Mls locus alleles. We propose that the Mls locus does not encode a unique cell-surface antigen at all; we suggest instead that the T-cell proliferative response induced by Mls-locus disparate cells reflects recognition of self-Ia molecules on APCs. If our interpretation is correct, it provides further evidence both for the quantitative nature of self tolerance and for the existence of a distinct recognition site for self-Ia molecules on antigen-specific T lymphocytes. PMID- 6226878 TI - Prader-Willi syndrome: the disabled child. PMID- 6226880 TI - [Contact allergy to ethylenediamine]. PMID- 6226879 TI - Laparoscopic clip sterilization in a free-standing facility: an evaluation of cost and safety. PMID- 6226881 TI - [The treatment of acne conglobata using 13-cis-retinoic acid (isotretinoin)]. PMID- 6226882 TI - Percutaneous transluminal dilatation for vascular access. AB - The application of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty to vascular access stenosis is described. These access problems were discovered by the technique of retrograde venous fistulography. 13 dilatations were attempted in 12 patients. Functional success was achieved in seven attempts. This resulted in a significant prolongation of access survival in these patients. Angioplasty is recommended as a nonsurgical approach to vascular access stenosis. PMID- 6226883 TI - Severe cerebral ischemia treatment by ventriculosubarachnoid perfusion with an oxygenated fluorocarbon emulsion. AB - Global hemispheric ischemia was produced in cats by bilateral carotid ligation and bleeding to a mean arterial pressure of 30 +/- 2 (SE) mm Hg. Total electrocerebral silence, as determined by computer-based power analysis, was obtained and maintained for 15 minutes. After this severe cerebral ischemic episode, the heparinized blood was reinfused and the carotid clamps were removed. After the cerebral ischemia, the ventriculosubarachnoid space was perfused with an oxygenated fluorocarbon nutrient solution (OFNS) or modified Elliott's B solution (ES) (control perfusion). The OFNS perfusate contained 400 to 640 mm Hg pO2 (produced by means of a bubble oxygenator pump system) as well as electrolytes, glucose, and amino acids, all of which are known to be important in cerebral metabolism. Flow rates of the perfusion were maintained at either 3 or 6 ml/minute and intracranial pressures were never permitted to exceed 10 mm Hg. During passage through the ventriculosubarachnoid space, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and electrolytes were exchanged between the brain and the OFNS perfusate. In addition, the OFNS perfusate was capable of picking up pCO2, lactate, and pyruvate. This produced a significant return of electrocerebral activity (P less than 0.01) and oxidative metabolism (P less than 0.01), as evidenced by a decline in the lactate/pyruvate ratio in the OFNS-treated cats, but not in nonperfused animals or those perfused with ES. In this study the ventriculosubarachnoid system served as an alternate vascular tree and enabled the perfusate to accomplish many of the functions of blood. Substantial penetration of the perfusate products into the brain occurred, enabling oxidative metabolism, removal of waste products, and electrocerebral activity to be reestablished. PMID- 6226885 TI - Social problems after severe head injury. AB - Fifty-one cases of severe head injury were studied, all of whom were sufficiently badly injured to need full intensive-care treatment. The outcome was bad, only a quarter of the patients ever getting back to reasonable health, and less than one in ten recovering to full health. Relatives must be warned of the probable outcome, and the difficulties likely to be encountered well before the patient leaves hospital. PMID- 6226884 TI - Comparison of conventional and ultrasonic nebulisation of bronchodilator drugs in asthmatic subjects. AB - The effects of ultrasonic and conventional nebulisation of bronchodilator drugs were compared in 20 adults with moderately severe asthma. The bronchodilating effect of fenoterol hydrobromide was not significantly enhanced by ultrasonic nebulisation, and ultrasonic nebulisation of ipratropium bromide gave significantly less bronchodilatation than conventional nebulisation. Despite theoretical reasons why ultrasonic nebulisation of bronchodilator might be more effective than conventional nebulisation, this was not borne out by this study. PMID- 6226887 TI - Compensation for deafness. PMID- 6226886 TI - Synthesis and release of gonadotropins: effect of an oral contraceptive. AB - A double-stimulation test with 100 micrograms gonadotropin-releasing hormone per dose given twice within two hours was carried out in eight normally cyclic women before and during treatment with a combined oral contraceptive (30 micrograms ethinyl-estradiol + 150 micrograms desogestrel). The test was performed on days 8 to 11, 19 to 22, and 24 to 27 of a control cycle, and during the first and third treatment cycles. This oral contraceptive was found to diminish the capacity of the gonadotropes for the synthesis of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) to a higher degree than that for the acute release in each treatment cycle. During the treatment-free interval, the reaction of LH differed from that of FSH: while the release of the former remained suppressed, that of FSH did not differ from the control cycle. PMID- 6226888 TI - Understanding genetic and birth defects - an essential skill for the occupational health nurse. PMID- 6226889 TI - [Is primary health care in Europe necessary?]. PMID- 6226890 TI - [Hygienic problems in planning and running recreational centers]. PMID- 6226891 TI - [Relations between man and animal in recreational and health resorts]. PMID- 6226892 TI - [The application of the European Community's guidelines for bathing beaches]. PMID- 6226893 TI - [Planning of recreational facilities, using camping grounds as an example]. PMID- 6226894 TI - [The problem of water reservoirs in health resorts]. PMID- 6226895 TI - [1 year of specific and voluntary mass x-ray examination in Schleswig Holstein]. PMID- 6226896 TI - [Can health risks for infants in nurseries be avoided?]. PMID- 6226897 TI - [Socialization disorders in early childhood]. PMID- 6226898 TI - [The truth about fresh cells]. PMID- 6226899 TI - [Evaluation of internal secretory diseases (hormone disorders) in official medical care]. PMID- 6226900 TI - [Hypotension]. PMID- 6226901 TI - [Expert evaluation in official medical care of cardiac arrhythmias]. PMID- 6226902 TI - [Evaluation of neurosis]. PMID- 6226903 TI - [Expansive disorders of social behavior]. PMID- 6226904 TI - [Forms of school avoidance--differential diagnosis and therapy]. PMID- 6226905 TI - [Possibilities and limits of psychotherapeutic procedures in childhood]. PMID- 6226906 TI - [The hyperactive child in school]. PMID- 6226907 TI - [Evaluation of narcolepsies]. PMID- 6226908 TI - Studies on diabetic cataract in rats induced by streptozotocin. I. Photodocumentation of lens opacification. AB - The course of development of cataract in diabetic rats induced by streptozotocin was followed with photoslit lamp during a 14-week period, and the process of cataract was divided into six stages. Until stage III, two types of lens opacification were distinguished. In lenses called type A, vacuoles spread from the equator of the superficial cortex, while in lenses called type B, a diffuse cloudiness progresses in the deep cortex with little vacuolization. At stage IV, the vacuoles disappeared and type A opacities resemble those of type B. At stage V, opalescent changes became visible near the central part of lens after 6 weeks. At stage VI, the whole lens had become cloudy. PMID- 6226909 TI - Studies on diabetic cataract in rats induced by streptozotocin. II. Biochemical examinations of rat lenses in relation to cataract stages. AB - Biochemical examinations of streptozotocin-induced diabetic cataracts in rats were performed and related to different stages of lens opacifications. Sorbitol levels in lenses showed maximum accumulation at stages I-III and began to decrease from stage IV. Glucose levels indicated a relatively constant accumulation, but became higher between stage V and VI. Fructose levels increased less significantly from stage I-IV, and slightly decreased thereafter. Inositol was not detectable from stage I. The sodium-potassium ratio (Na/K) increased slowly from stage I-IV, and rose remarkably at stage V. Hydration of the lenses showed no change between stage I and IV, and after stage V it rose markedly. PMID- 6226910 TI - DDAVP: review of indications for its use in the treatment of factor VIII deficiency and report of a case. AB - Classic hemophilia or factor VIII deficiency is a recessive, sex-linked bleeding diathesis. The primary clinical problem is hemorrhage, which can be severe and often life threatening, even in the presence of only minor trauma. In the past this inadequate hemostasis has been treated with transfusions of cryoprecipitate, fresh frozen plasma, or commercially prepared factor VIII concentrate. Unfortunately, such treatment carries with it a number of risks, including the development of hepatitis B or hemolytic anemia and the formation of anti-factor VIII antibodies. Because of hemorrhage severity and the risks of conventional treatment, elective surgery in general and oral surgery in particular have often been neglected in patients with hemophilia. This article reviews a drug, 1 desamino-8-d-arginine (DDAVP), heretofore not discussed in the dental literature, and reports on its use in conjunction with epsilon-aminocaproic acid (EACA), a synthetic antifibrinolytic agent, in the surgical dental treatment of a patient with hemophilia A. The results suggest that certain dental surgical procedures can be performed in the presence of subclinical and mild hemophilia without conventional factor VIII replacement therapy with its associated costs and risks. PMID- 6226911 TI - General dentistry during continuous anticoagulation therapy. AB - A group of anticoagulated patients undergoing general dental procedures was monitored for assessment of postoperative hemorrhagic complications. The anticoagulant regimen was not altered, but patients were checked by prothrombin time laboratory tests immediately prior to dental visits to assure that each patient was below the maximum therapeutic level of anticoagulation. Patients were monitored following seventy-four separate visits, which included eighty-five procedures. All episodes of hemorrhage were easily controlled locally without complication. PMID- 6226912 TI - Patients with long Q-T syndrome: a caveat for the oral surgeon. AB - Three children with long Q-T syndrome were admitted to the hospital for elective minor oral surgery. Patients afflicted with this syndrome often have a family history of recurrent syncope, prolongation of the Q-T interval on the electrocardiogram, sometimes deaf mutism, and occasionally sudden death. Their cardiac dysrhythmias are controlled by a variety of medications, all of which must be understood before the oral surgical procedure is undertaken, so that potentially lethal events can be recognized and dealt with appropriately. The management of two of the three patients was further complicated by juvenile-onset diabetes mellitus. PMID- 6226913 TI - [Clinico-physiological criteria of the diagnosis of spastic contractures in patients with juvenile cerebral palsy]. PMID- 6226914 TI - [Exanthema subitum or drug allergy]. PMID- 6226915 TI - Efficacy of EMG biofeedback, pseudotherapy, and conventional medical treatment for chronic rheumatic back pain. AB - Twenty-four patients suffering from chronic rheumatic back pain were treated with EMG biofeedback, a credible pseudotherapy, or conventional medical treatment alone during a 4 week inpatient stay at a Rheumatology Clinic. At the end of the treatment phase and at the 4 month followup the patients in the biofeedback group showed significant improvements in the duration, intensity, and quality of their back pain as well as their EMG levels, negative self-statements, and utilization of the health care system. In contrast, the pseudotherapy group showed minimal, but non-significant improvements, and the medically treated group remained unchanged. PMID- 6226916 TI - The use of coping strategies in chronic low back pain patients: relationship to patient characteristics and current adjustment. AB - Cognitive and behavioral pain coping strategies were assessed by means of questionnaire in a sample of 61 chronic low back pain patients. Data analysis indicated that the questionnaire was internally reliable. While patients reported using a variety of coping strategies, certain strategies were used frequently whereas others were rarely used. Three factors: (a) Cognitive Coping and Suppression, (b) Helplessness, and (c) Diverting Attention or Praying, accounted for a large proportion of variance in questionnaire responses. These 3 factors were found to be predictive of measures of behavioral and emotional adjustment to chronic pain above and beyond what may be predicted on the basis of patient history variables (length of continuous pain, disability status, and number of pain surgeries) and the tendency of patients to somaticize. Each of the 3 coping factors was related to specific measures of adjustment to chronic pain. PMID- 6226917 TI - The validation of visual analogue scales as ratio scale measures for chronic and experimental pain. AB - Visual analogue scales (VAS) of sensory intensity and affective magnitude were validated as ratio scale measures for both chronic and experimental pain. Chronic pain patients and healthy volunteers made VAS sensory and affective responses to 6 noxious thermal stimuli (43, 45, 47, 48, 49 and 51 degrees C) applied for 5 sec to the forearm by a contact thermode. Sensory VAS and affective VAS responses to these temperatures yielded power functions with exponents 2.1 and 3.8, respectively; these functions were similar for pain patients and for volunteers. The power functions were predictive of estimated ratios of sensation or affect produced by pairs of standard temperatures (e.g. 47 and 49 degrees C), thereby providing direct evidence for ratio scaling properties of VAS. Vas sensory intensity responses to experimental pain, VAS sensory intensity responses to different levels of chronic pain, and direct temperature (experimental pain) matches to 3 levels of chronic pain were all internally consistent, thereby demonstrating the valid use of VAS for the measurement of and comparison between chronic pain and experimental heat pain. PMID- 6226918 TI - A clinical comparison of two pain scales: correlation, remembering chronic pain, and a measure of compliance. AB - Fifteen chronic pain patients rated their pain intensity on both a visual analogue scale and a verbal scale so that comparisons between the scales could be made for each subject. Compliance to fill in the rating blanks and the remembering of pain intensity were also studied. Subjects first made a pre baseline estimate of their pain and then they rated their pain throughout a baseline and treatment period averaging 5 weeks. Four to 9 weeks after baseline, subjects were asked to remember how much pain they had had at baseline and to confidentially provide ratings concerning their compliance. Results indicated that two-thirds of the individual subjects had significant correlations between the scales with a mean of 0.68. The one-third of the subjects who did not have significant correlations also had significantly less variability in their ratings than did subjects with significant correlations. This low level of variability may account for the lack of a significant correlation between the scales for these subjects. Discrepancies between actual baseline and remembered pain ratings were observed on both rating scales, but the visual analogue scale produced significantly greater discrepancies than the verbal scale. This was mainly because subjects tended to overestimate their baseline pain on the visual analogue scale, while discrepancies on the verbal scale were in both directions (overestimations, underestimations) when taken as a group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6226919 TI - Deficiency of Con A-induced suppressor cell activity in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from Thai adults naturally infected with Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax. AB - Con A-pretreated mononuclear (MNC) cells from Thai adults with naturally acquired P. falciparum or P. vivax malaria were significantly less effective in suppressing the responsiveness of autologous or normal allogeneic responder cells to mitogenic lectins or allogenic stimulator cells than pretreated cells from healthy donors. Serial studies of three patients demonstrated that reduced suppressor cell activity was present early in malaria infection but returned to normal soon after treatment. These studies demonstrate that the loss of T cells previously observed in patients with malaria, in part may functionally represent a loss of suppressor T cells. PMID- 6226920 TI - Immunoregulation of genetically controlled acquired responses to Leishmania donovani infection in mice: the effects of parasite dose, cyclophosphamide and sublethal irradiation. AB - On a B10 (Lshs) genetic background, the development of acquired T cell mediated immunity to Leishmania donovani infection in mice is under H-2 linked genetic control. Following intravenous inoculation of 10(7) amastigotes three phenotypic patterns of recovery have been described: 'early cure' (H-2r,s), 'cure' (H-2b) and 'non-cure' (H-2d,q,f). In an attempt to determine the immunological basis for this H-2 linked genetic control the effects of varying parasite dose (5 x 10(3) to 5 x 10(7) amastigotes) and of pre-treatments with cyclophosphamide (50 or 200 mg/kg body weight CY) or sublethal irradiation (100 or 550 rad) on the course of infection, and on circulating anti-leishmanial IgG levels, were examined in strains representative of the three phenotypes: B10.D2/n (H-2d), C57BL/10ScSn (H 2b) and B10.RIII (H-2r). It was found that with low parasite doses (5 x 10(3) or 5 x 10(4)) 'non-cure' mice presented a 'cure' profile whilst raising the dose (5 x 10(7)) caused some perturbation of the normal self-curing response in 'cure' (but not 'early cure') mice. The highest dose did not, however, lead to progressive disease in the genetically non-cure strain. For the parasite dose experiments circulating anti-leishmanial IgG levels were higher in the early cure and cure strains than in the H-2d non-cure strain. The higher doses of CY and sublethal irradiation administered prior to infection had a clear prophylactic effect on the non-cure strain with some effect also observed in cure and early cure strains. This was thought to be due to deletion of the precursors of T suppressor (TS) cells suppressing cell-mediated immunity. Resolution of the liver parasite load in pre-treated mice took place despite minimal or undetectable levels of circulating anti-leishmanial IgG. Similarly, the earlier resolution of parasite load in pre-treated cure and early cure mice occurred even though the antibody response was severely reduced. This suggests that the high antibody responses observed in early cure and cure strains do not normally mediate cure and may simply reflect the independent effect of H-2 on T helper function or the humoral response. PMID- 6226921 TI - [Role of suppressor cells in the regulation of production of the macrophage migration inhibitory factor in mice with opposite reaction to tuberculin and Candida albicans antigens]. PMID- 6226922 TI - [Anatomo-pathological and morphometric data on the heart in the 1st week of life]. PMID- 6226923 TI - Maternal, fetal, and newborn serum glucose and insulin concentration in streptozotocin-treated and control rats. PMID- 6226924 TI - [Urinary tract diseases as the cause of disability in children]. PMID- 6226925 TI - [Debranching enzyme activity in leukocytes and glycogen content of erythrocytes in patients with type III glycogenosis]. PMID- 6226926 TI - Vitamin and mineral supplementation in Down's syndrome. AB - The claim that large, nonspecific doses of vitamins and minerals improve the performance of mentally retarded children has recently reappeared in both the scientific literature and the public media. This hypothesis was examined in a double-blind, case-control study involving 20 home-reared children with Down's syndrome between 5 and 13 years of age. Children were randomly assigned by matched pairs to either a vitamin/mineral group or placebo group for an 8-month study period. No significant group differences or suggestive trends were found in any tested area of development or behavior, including intelligence (IQ), school achievement, speech and language, and neuromotor function. No group differences in appearance, growth, or health were seen. No support was found for the orthomolecular hypothesis in school-aged children with Down's syndrome. PMID- 6226927 TI - Handicapped infants. PMID- 6226928 TI - Quality of life. PMID- 6226929 TI - [Basic principles of teaching pediatrics in the therapeutic faculty of medical institutes]. PMID- 6226930 TI - [T-lymphocyte subpopulations in the blood of infants with acute respiratory diseases]. PMID- 6226931 TI - [Measures for lowering infant mortality in the Byelorussian SSR]. PMID- 6226932 TI - [Constancy of body proportions in children]. PMID- 6226933 TI - [25th anniversary of the M.S. Maslov Pediatric Pulmonological Sanitorium]. PMID- 6226934 TI - [Integration and development of thought processes in medical students]. PMID- 6226935 TI - [Organization of health resorts for preschool- and schoolchildren in the town Chaikovskii of the Perm district]. PMID- 6226936 TI - Peritubular buffering power and luminal acidification in proximal convoluted tubules of the rat. AB - Proximal tubular acidification was studied varying peritubular buffer concentration as well as the nature of the main peritubular buffer system. Two buffer systems were used: phosphate which varied between 1 and 20 mM, and glycodiazine, at 5 and 20 mM. Luminal perfusate was always 20 mM phosphate Ringer's. Acidification half times increased as peritubular buffer concentration decreased, independently of the nature of the buffer. At 1 mM phosphate, net H ion flux (JH +) was 0.53 nmol . cm-2 . s-1; at 5 mM it was 0.73 nmol . cm-2 . s-1 and at 20 mM, 0.97 nmol . cm-2 . s-1. When the peritubular buffer was glycodiazine, JH + was 0.77 nmol . cm-2 . s-1 at 5 mM peritubular buffer concentration and 0.99 nmol . cm-2 . s-1 at 20 mM. Acetazolamide (10(-4) M) and DIDS (10(-4) M) both abolished the effect of peritubular buffer concentration changes on acidification half times. It was shown that these effects were related to the capacity of the peritubular buffer to attenuate changes in peritubular pH as consequence of base transfer by the peritubular membrane. Peritubular buffering power could act limiting intracellular pH increments consequent to luminal H-ion secretion. PMID- 6226937 TI - HMG 14/17 binding affinities and DNAase I sensitivities of nucleoprotein particles. AB - We show that ordinary (bulk) chicken erythrocyte nucleosomes are digested more rapidly by DNAase I when they are associated with high mobility group (HMG) proteins 14/17. Digestion of HMG 14/17-nucleosome complexes, under conditions where the DNA in control nucleosomes is digested to 10 to 20% acid solubility, results in a particular depletion of single-strand DNA fragments greater than 80 nucleotides in length, relative to the DNA fragments produced from control nucleosomes. Additionally, we show that staphylococcal nuclease digests of H1/H5 depleted chromatin contain an abundant subclass of nucleosomes that are not present in appreciable amounts in digests of native chromatin. These nucleosomes contain longer lengths of DNA and have lower electrophoretic mobilities than core particles. HMG 14/17 associates highly preferentially with these nucleosomes and renders them sensitive to DNAase I, similar to what has been found for active nucleosomes. PMID- 6226939 TI - Down's syndrome-disguising the facts. PMID- 6226938 TI - Should we worry about animal growth promoters? AB - Estrogens and compounds with estrogenic activity have been used for many years as animal growth promoters and to synchronize estrus in cows. The resorcylic acid lactones (RALS), which include zearalenone, are being used increasingly for these purposes. These estrogenic mycotoxins, now produced commercially, have teratogenic, mutagenic, and carcinogenic properties. There is some evidence that their residues could remain in certain organs at the time the animal products come to market, and this may be of medical significance. PMID- 6226940 TI - Survey of orthodontic services provided by pedodontists. Association of Pedodontic Diplomates. PMID- 6226941 TI - [Characteristics of right-ventricular hypertrophy in V4R1 lead in patients with established pulmonary hypertension]. PMID- 6226942 TI - Inhibition of prostate tumors by agonistic and antagonistic analogs of LH-RH. AB - We have compared the effects of chronic administration of D-Trp6-LH-RH, a superactive agonist of LH-RH, and a potent antagonist, (NAc-p-Cl-D-Phe1,2,D Trp3,D-Arg6,D-Ala10)LH-RH, on male Copenhagen F-1 rats bearing the Dunning R 3327H prostate adenocarcinoma. Treatment with 25 micrograms of D-Trp6-LH-RH bid for 21 days decreased the weights of the ventral prostate, testes, and adrenals, but had no effect on the weight of the anterior pituitary gland. Administration of similar doses of the antagonist reduced the weight of the ventral prostate, anterior pituitary gland, and adrenals, but did not change the weight of the testes. Both the agonist and antagonist greatly and significantly reduced tumor weight and volume as compared to controls. Serum LH, prolactin, and testosterone levels in Copenhagen F-1 rats bearing Dunning tumors were significantly decreased after treatment with D-Trp6-LH-RH as well as the antagonist. The inhibition of rat prostate tumors achieved with D-Trp6-LH-RH and the antagonistic analog raised the possibility that these compounds could be used clinically in the treatment of prostate carcinoma and other endocrine-dependent neoplasias. The antagonistic analogs have not yet been tried clinically on a chronic basis. However, the data accumulated so far from clinical trials in men with prostate carcinoma suggest that D-Trp6-LH-RH and other LH-RH agonists can be used for an effective therapy which avoids the side effects of estrogen and the pyschological impact of castration. PMID- 6226943 TI - [Transluminal coronary dilatation today]. PMID- 6226944 TI - A procedure for isolation of human protein C and protein S as by-products of the purification of factors VII, IX, X and prothrombin. AB - A DEAE-Sephadex column chromatography step utilized to purify human Factor VII consistently yields a protein peak between the factor VII activity peak and prothrombin, factor X and factor IX activity peak (S.P. Bajaj, S.I. Rapaport, and S.F. Brown: J. Biol. Chem. 251, 253-259, 1981). We now report that this protein peak contains protein C and protein S. Preparative disc polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the proteins in this peak permitted a complete separation of protein C from protein S. Protein C at this step usually contained approximately 5-10% of Factor X, which could be removed by a goat anti-human Factor X antibody column. For a typical preparation, starting with 10L of plasma, the yield of Protein C was 5 mg and of protein S was 4 mg. Both proteins revealed apparent homogeneity in sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoretic system. beta-Protein C and beta-protein S were not observed in our preparations starting with plasma collected directly into citrate anticoagulant containing benzamidine and soybean trypsin inhibitor, suggesting that these beta forms of protein C and protein S, isolated by other investigators, are slightly degraded forms of the native proteins. Antisera generated to these proteins were monospecific and could be used to monitor column fractions during purification. When examined by immunoelectrophoresis, the electrophoretic mobility of protein S in plasma was slower than that of isolated protein S. When exposed to plasmin, protein C was activated slightly and then rapidly degraded. PMID- 6226945 TI - [Computerized evaluation of medical care. Example of arterial hypertension]. PMID- 6226946 TI - [Treatment of arterial hypertension. Comparative effectiveness of the day care hospital and classical hospitalization]. AB - Four years of activity in the one-day hospital (ODH) and the several-day hospital care (SHC) of the Hypertension Clinic at the Hopital Saint-Joseph, Paris, were evaluated and compared. All data were recorded using the computerized Artemis system. Evaluation was performed by means of two prospective studies: a controlled trial of 121 patients randomized to either ODH or SHC, and a prospective follow-up study of 633 patients. Criteria for admission to the controlled study were: diastolic BP between 95 and 120 mmHg, age between 30 and 65 years, no anti-hypertensive treatment at first visit, no major cardiovascular or renal complication and no suspicion of secondary hypertension. Similar criteria applied to the uncontrolled study. The results, assessed after 2 years, were the same in both studies, with a drop-out rate of about 15%, a mean diastolic BP lower than 95 mmHg in 80% of the patients and a bodyweight reduction of about 1 kg in obese patients. The percentage of smokers who stopped cigarette smoking was higher in the SHC groups than in the ODH groups. It is concluded that the ODH system is effective in the initial management of hypertensive patients but that greater educational efforts are needed to effectively reduce cigarette smoking in OHD patients and bodyweight excess in both OHD and SHC patients. PMID- 6226947 TI - [Acute benign cerebral angiopathy. 6 cases]. AB - The 6 cases reported here constitute, with 5 previously published cases, a special nosological entity tentatively called "acute benign cerebral angiopathy" by the authors. These 11 cases have in common certain radiological and clinical features. Arteriography shows segmental, multifocal and assymetrical stenoses involving the cerebral arteries between Willis' circle and the terminal arterioles and looking like "strings of sausages". The lesions disappear within one month and present the radiological characteristics of arteritis of medium caliber vessels. The clinical symptoms are suggestive of meningeal haemorrhage or acute cerebromeningeal oedema, with acute repetitive attacks of severe headache and agitation with obnubilation; epileptic seizures and transient neurological deficit may occur. True meningeal haemorrhage confirmed by lumbar puncture is seen in nearly one half of the cases; it seems to be due to alterations in the blood-brain barrier induced by the angiopathy. Intracerebral haematoma may develop, but the disease is usually benign and regresses spontaneously in a few days. None of the usual causes of cerebral arteritis (intra-cranial infection, collagen disease, allergic or toxic angitis) has been found. Pseudo-arteritis (notably spasm of ruptured arterial aneurysms) has been excluded. No aetiological factor common to the 11 cases reported has been elicited, although 6 of the patients had recently given birth and our 6 patients had benign virus infection before or during the clinical manifestations of the disease. In the authors' opinion, the most rewarding line of research would be the role of short acute attacks of arterial hypertension. PMID- 6226948 TI - [Acute renal vein thrombosis after malposition of a Mobin-Uddin filter]. AB - Renal malposition of Mobin-Uddin filters is exceptional. In the few cases published the patients were asymptomatic; they were operated upon for fear of an eventual nephrotic syndrome. In the case reported here, however, an emergency operation was imposed by the severity of the clinical signs. Since the operation is simple and since renal thrombosis might have important immediate or late consequences, all filters malpositioned in the renal vein should be surgically removed. PMID- 6226949 TI - [Phlebographic diagnosis of lower limb venous thrombosis]. AB - Thrombosis of the veins of the lower limbs and of the inferior vena cava can be diagnosed by free flow phlebography completed by a technical device preventing puncture of the femoral veins. The thrombus shows as a lacuna or a cupshaped arrest of the contrast medium. This method can be used in most modern radiological centres and carries little risk in trained hands. Its field of application is limited in that the pelvic veins (iliac veins excepted) and the deep femoral vein are imperfectly explored or unexplored, but it is superior to other methods - such as labelled fibrinogen, Doppler ultrasonography or rheography - which are less sensitive, less specific and unable to localize precisely the site and extension of the thrombosis. However, these methods can be used at the patient's bedside and can be repeated at will, being painless. Whenever pulmonary thrombo-embolism is suspected on clinical grounds or on the results of other exploratory methods, phlebography should be systematically performed (except in pregnant women) as it helps to decide on the treatment. In contrast, it has no place in the routine detection and surveillance of the disease which are better carried out using non-invasive techniques. PMID- 6226950 TI - [Platelet enzymes in common migraine]. PMID- 6226951 TI - [Rendu-Osler disease. Hemodynamic course after treatment of digestive angioma]. PMID- 6226952 TI - [Treatment of epidermoid epithelioma of the lip. 2363 cases]. PMID- 6226953 TI - [Intracisternal concentrations of vancomycin and amikacin after lumbar injections]. PMID- 6226954 TI - [Treatment of Buerger's disease with prazosin]. PMID- 6226956 TI - [Acute paraquat poisoning. A single treatment: prevention]. PMID- 6226955 TI - [Rheumatoid arthritis. Treatment of flare-ups with pulse corticosteroids]. PMID- 6226957 TI - [Q fever and circulating anticoagulant]. PMID- 6226958 TI - [Influence of pregnancy and the hormonal status on rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 6226959 TI - [Two-dimensional contrast echocardiography during the drainage of hemopericardium with tamponade]. AB - In patients with cardiac tamponade, withdrawing blood during pericardiocentesis raises questions as to its origin: pericardium or cardiac cavities? These questions can be answered by bidimensional contrast echocardiography after reinjection of a few millilitres of the blood-stained fluid removed. Microcavitations surrounding the heart and vanishing within a few minutes indicate that blood comes from the pericardium. Microcavitations obscuring the right atrium or ventricle and washed away by the blood flow in a matter of seconds indicate that these cavities have been punctured. PMID- 6226960 TI - [Enthesopathies in ankylosing spondylitis and seronegative inflammatory rheumatism. 28 cases]. AB - A few demonstrative cases of severe and disabling enthesopathy in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and related syndromes, psoriatic arthritis (PA) or Reiter's disease (RD) have prompted the authors to investigate the incidence of enthesopathy in such patients. A retrospective clinical and radiological study was conducted in 48 patients (mean age: 34.8 years) 27 of whom had AS, 9 RD and 12 PA. The overall incidence of enthesopathy was 58.3%. Beside the classical calcaneal lesions (50%), extracalcaneal manifestations of the disease involving the knees and shoulders were found in 39% of the patients. The HLA B27 antigen was detected in 87% of patients with enthesopathy, while 82% had clinical inflammation of the spine. The mean duration of clinical symptoms due to enthesopathy was 2-6 weeks in 36% and 6 months to 1 year in 45%. One striking feature of enthesopathy in this series was the lack of response to steroidal and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs contrasting with the response of the associated arthritis. Since enthesopathies appear to be of diagnostic significance in the group of arthropathies of the spine, their incidence in other articular diseases should be the object of systematic comparative evaluations. A diffuse exacerbation of enthesopathy may constitute the initial manifestation of seronegative HLA B27 positive arthropathy, which is not without therapeutic implications. PMID- 6226961 TI - [Recent fractures of the odontoid. Prognostic factors]. AB - A review of 92 recent fractures of the odontoid process suggests that they can be divided into two groups: stable fractures requiring no more than orthopedic treatment, and unstable fractures requiring surgery. Basing themselves on four main prognostic factors (direction and level of the fracture, distance between the fragments and age of the patients), the authors propose three types of surgical treatment differing in complexity and functional results: posterior C1 C2 arthrodesis, simple lacing with nylon threads and, quite recently, direct screwing by the antero-lateral approach. PMID- 6226962 TI - [Severe peptic esophagitis. Treatment by total duodenal diversion]. AB - Total duodenal bypass, as described by Holt and Large and by Herrington consists of antrectomy with Y-loop gastro-jejunal anastomosis and total vagotomy. It is performed in patients with severe oesophagitis for which oesophageal resection often proves inadequate. It applies not only to acid reflux oesophagitis but to oesophagitis caused by alkaline or mixed reflux, the severity of which has been emphasized in numerous publications. This technique was used in 12 patients operated upon for severe oesophagitis consecutive to oesophageal resection or to Heller's operation for megaoesophagus or after failure of conservative treatment of peptic oesophagitis. Seven patients benefited from the operation performed by first-intention. Total duodenal bypass was considered indicated in severe peptic stenosis (impassable with an 11 mm fiberoscope) or in severe oesophagitis with moderate stenosis (passable with an 11 mm fiberoscope) or in severe non-stenotic oesophagitis on brady--or endobradyoesophagus. The favourable results obtained, based on clinical, radiological, endoscopic and pH-metric data, confirm that the technique is effective. The risk of anastomotic ulcer is avoided by truncular vagotomy, a procedure which must not be performed by the abdominal route in patients who previously underwent Heller's operation. PMID- 6226963 TI - [Amineptine versus imipramine. Double-blind controlled study]. AB - The antidepressant properties of amineptine and imipramine were compared in a double-blind controlled trial involving 38 patients randomized to one or the other treatment. The results were evaluated globally using three scales of psychiatric assessment: Hamilton's depression rating scale, brief psychiatric rating scale (Pichot, Overall and Gorham) and nursing staff observation scale (N.O.S.I.E.). Statistical analysis of the overall score, individual items and grouped items failed to demonstrate any significant difference between the two drugs for the periods considered. Detailed information is provided on the acceptability of both drugs, particularly as regards the cardiovascular system. PMID- 6226964 TI - [Genetic and environmental factors in insulin-dependent diabetes]. AB - Insulin-dependent diabetes results from the interaction of genetic, immunological and environmental factors. In view of the association between insulin-dependent diabetes and HLA system, it has been postulated that the diabetogenic gene(s) is (or are) located in the region of the DR locus in that system. The hypothesis of viral factors is supported by epidemiological arguments and experimental models but has only been exceptionally confirmed in man. The fact that anti-islet antibodies are frequently detected at the onset of insulin-dependent diabetes or even before the first symptoms develop suggests that an auto-immune mechanism might be involved in the destruction of beta-cells. Although the mode of inheritance of genes supposed to predispose to insulin-dependent diabetes as well as the mechanisms behind the pancreatic lesion are still poorly understood, determining "markers" of the disease should eventually make it possible to detect subjects at risk of diabetes and to prevent its development. PMID- 6226965 TI - [Suspension of the heart during aortocoronary bypass. A simplified technic]. AB - A technique for suspending the heart, thereby facilitating exposure of the coronary arteries, is described. In this perfectly simple and safe technique, the heart is suspended by a gauze compress passed behind the inferior vena cava and forming a sling. PMID- 6226966 TI - [Blockade of movement by intraspinal pethidine]. PMID- 6226967 TI - [Value of the radiological check-up of esophagojejunal anastomosis after total gastrectomy?]. PMID- 6226968 TI - [Venous thromboses associated with a constitutional deficiency of protein C. 3 cases]. PMID- 6226969 TI - [Posttraumatic extradural hematoma. Value of tomodensitometry]. PMID- 6226971 TI - [Diabetic coma disclosing legionellosis]. PMID- 6226970 TI - [Articular manifestations in erythema multiforme]. PMID- 6226972 TI - [Fluoride osteosis caused by chronic poisoning with Vichy Saint-Yorre water]. PMID- 6226974 TI - [Venous compression in retroperitoneal fibrosis. Value of isotopic phlebography]. PMID- 6226973 TI - [Serologic markers of hepatitis B virus in alcoholic hepatopathies]. PMID- 6226975 TI - [Fever during prolonged parenteral feeding]. PMID- 6226976 TI - [Critical study of the new measuring scale for work accidents]. PMID- 6226977 TI - [Detection of phenylketonuria. 10,000,000 tests]. PMID- 6226978 TI - [Comparison of various types of islet cell antibodies in diabetes as a function of its cause and duration]. AB - Three types of pancreatic islet cell antibodies (ICA) have been described in insulin-dependent diabetic patients: IgG-ICA directed against cytoplasmic antigens, complement-fixing antibodies (CF ICA) and islet cell surface antibodies (ICSA) directed against membrane antigens. They can be detected by indirect immunofluorescence methods using human pancreas sections for IgG-ICA and isolate rat live islet cells for ICSA. Distribution of these 3 types of antibodies and correlations within individual patients were investigated in non-diabetic controls, in patients with idiopathic diabetes of various duration and in patients whose diabetes was associated with autoimmune diseases, chronic pancreatitis or haemochromatosis. The respective incidences of IgG-ICA and ICSA were: 5.4% and 15.8% in controls, 67.3% and 64.3% in patients with recent onset diabetes, 22.6% and 21.5% in old-standing diabetes, 63% and 50% in auto-immune diabetes, 12.5% and 7.2% in diabetes from chronic pancreatitis, and 5.6% and 7.6% in diabetes from haemochromatosis. In contrast with these correlations within groups, individual concordances were only 67%. CF ICA were relatively rare and almost exclusively present in IgG-ICA positive patients (30% of all cases); they seem to constitute a sub-group of IgG-ICA. It is concluded that IgG-ICA and ICSA are equally frequent in each type or duration of insulin-dependent diabetes and that they are not associated with secondary diabetes. The lack of concordance in individual patients indicates that the anti-pancreatic immune response is not homogeneous. PMID- 6226979 TI - [Anemia of kidney failure treated by periodical hemodialysis. III. The effect of splenectomy. A retrospective study of 25 cases]. AB - Twenty-five patients with severe renal impairment treated by periodical haemodialysis underwent splenectomy (for spleen injury or tuberculosis in 2). All have been on long-term follow-up. At present, 7 patients have not improved; 7 are no longer transfused but remain anaemic with a less than 20% haematocrit; 11 have a more than 20% haematocrit without transfusion. Statistical analysis of the data shows that splenectomy, when effective, acts by reducing excess plasma volume and excessive haemolysis. Red cell production is not increased. The beneficial effect of splenectomy cannot be predicted from age, sex, cause of renal impairment or severity of anaemia. However, in this series there was a positive correlation between the degree of haemolysis, the site of red cell sequestration, the size of the spleen and the effectiveness of splenectomy. Infection, notably septicaemia in grafted (and immunodepressed) patients is a major risk of splenectomy and requires preventive measures. PMID- 6226980 TI - [Role of platelet serotonin in common migraine. Concentrations and uptake]. AB - Concentrations and uptake of platelet conjugated and unconjugated serotonin were measured in 15 healthy subjects and in 19 patients with common migraine. Venous blood was taken between migrainous attacks in all patients and during attacks in 8 of them. A significant decrease in unconjugated serotonin concentrations was observed during the attacks, whereas conjugated serotonin concentrations were the same as in controls. In addition, migrainous attacks were accompanied by a significant decrease in serotonin uptake by the platelets, with fall in Km, Vmax and -y. This abnormality was corrected when platelets removed from patients during attacks were incubated in plasma from controls, but it persisted when platelets from controls were incubated in plasma taken from patients during attacks. These findings suggest that one or several factors present in plasma are responsible for the decrease in serotonin uptake observed during migrainous attacks. Finally a study of correlations between these changes and the time elapsed since the last migrainous attacks demonstrated cyclic variations in abnormalities between attacks. PMID- 6226981 TI - [Value of LDL-cholesterol determination in hyperlipoproteinemias]. AB - Serum LDL-cholesterol concentrations were measured after precipitation in various forms of dyslipidaemia. LDL-cholesterol values were increased in hypercholesterolaemia and decreased in hypertriglyceridaemia. The LDL cholesterol/total cholesterol ratio decreased with the presence of triglycerides. These data have prompted the authors to propose a classification of dyslipidaemia into hyper-and hypoLDLaemia. Such a classification would be helpful in the prevention, diagnosis and therapeutic surveillance of these diseases. PMID- 6226983 TI - [Collagen nonapeptide, a trap for platelets]. AB - Biochemical methods involving chemical and enzymatic cleavage of type III collagen (characteristic of arterial subendothelium) have led to the identification of a nonapeptide common to different overlapping collagen fragments capable of interacting with platelets. This nonapeptide has been synthesized; it specifically inhibits platelet aggregation and secretion of endogenous platelet serotonin by type III collagen from which it originates. Its effect on platelet adhesion is moderate. In view of its specificity in the platelet-collagen interaction, its use as a mean of preventing thrombosis can be envisaged. PMID- 6226982 TI - [Cerebromeningeal location of chronic lymphoid leukemia. Rapid immunochemical diagnosis and complete remission by intrathecal chemotherapy]. AB - Central nervous system (CNS) involvement is a rare complication of chronic lymphoid leukaemia (CLL). The occurrence of lymphocytic meningitis in the course of CLL suggests either CNS involvement by the leukaemic process or infection (especially tuberculosis) related to continuous immunodepression. We report a case of CLL in which leukaemic cells had surface IgM and produced IgM kappa without significant depression of other immunoglobulins. When the patient developed meningitis, measurement of serum and CSF albumin IgG and IgM levels showed that 88% of CSF IgM resulted from local synthesis, while 70% of CSF IgG resulted from serum transsudation. These results suggest that a large number of neuromeningeal lymphoid cells produce the same class of IgM as leukaemic cells and therefore constitute a localization of the disease. Complete remission of the meningitis by intrathecal anti-leukaemic chemotherapy confirmed this hypothesis. PMID- 6226984 TI - [Disseminated aspergillosis in chronic respiratory insufficiency. Diagnostic and therapeutic aspects]. PMID- 6226985 TI - [Ascocotyle coleostoma colic distomiasis. The 1st world case or the follow-up of a tropical pathology congress in Egypt]. PMID- 6226986 TI - [Increase in acid phosphatases and their labile tartrate fraction in nonprostatic metastatic cancer]. PMID- 6226987 TI - [Thrombopenia induced by standard heparin. Therapeutic value of low-molecular weight heparin]. PMID- 6226988 TI - [Detection of tumors by radiolabelled monoclonal antibodies in tomoscintigraphy]. PMID- 6226989 TI - [Paradoxical embolism through a patent foramen ovale. 4 cases]. AB - Four cases of paradoxical embolism through a patent foramen ovale associated with massive pulmonary embolism are reported. In two cases, patency of the foramen ovale was demonstrated by a new technique: cross-sectional contrast echocardiography potentiated by coughing. The conventional surgical treatment included arterial embolectomy followed by insertion of a caval filter. Embolism recurred on three occasions under mechanical ventilation prior to insertion of the filter. A new sequence of investigations to facilitate detection of paradoxical embolism in patients with unexplained arterial embolism is suggested: (1) blood gas measurements, which reveal associated pulmonary embolism; (2) cough potentiated cross-sectional contrast echocardiography, which demonstrates a patent foramen ovale and excludes emboligenic cardiopathies; (3) phlebography and pulmonary angiography which complete the diagnosis. To reduce the risk of recurrent embolism, it is recommended to begin treatment by blocking the vena cava without mechanical ventilation. This can be done by inserting a filter through the jugular vein under local anaesthesia. Arterial embolism can then be treated at lesser risk under mechanical ventilation. PMID- 6226990 TI - [Patency of the foramen ovale in paradoxical embolism. Detection by contrast echocardiography and the cough provocation test]. AB - Five patients with suspected paradoxical embolism were investigated for patent foramen ovale by contrast echocardiography. Right-to-left shunting was demonstrated in 3 patients: during a Valsalva manoeuvre in one and during coughing fits in all three. Patency of the foramen ovale was confirmed by cardiac catheterization in these 3 patients. In 2 patients the foramen was not patent and the diagnosis of paradoxical embolism was not confirmed. In two other patients, the right and left atrial pressures were measured simultaneously during a Valsalva manoeuvre and during coughing. The normal pressure gradient between the two atria was suppressed during the relaxation stage, resulting in decreased curvature of the interatrial septum which facilitated the flow of blood from the inferior vena cava into the left atrium. Coughing appears to be a simpler and more sensitive test than the Valsalva manoeuvre to induce transient right-to-left atrial shunting. PMID- 6226991 TI - [Malignant form of Mediterranean boutonneuse fever. 6 cases]. AB - Six cases of severe Mediterranean boutonneuse fever are reported. The clinical diagnosis, based on the presence of summer fever with an erythematous rash plus an escharr in three patients, was confirmed by serology (microagglutination in 1 case, indirect immunofluorescence in 4). The symptoms resembled those of Rocky Mountain spotted fever associating, as they did, a purpuric rash with neurological signs (impaired consciousness in all 6 cases, convulsion in 2), respiratory symptoms (5) and digestive signs (diarrhoea in 1 case, enlargement of the liver in 4). Laboratory examinations showed thrombopenia (6), rise in serum transaminases (5), LDH (5) and CPK (6), increased in blood urea and creatinine levels (6), hyponatraemia (6), hypokaliaemia (5) and hypocalcaemia (5). Two patients treated with doxycycline recovered and 4 died. Among these, 1 had received erythromycin, 1 a tetracycline and 1 doxycycline. PMID- 6226992 TI - [The excluded jejunal loop in the shape of a question mark. A simplified technic]. AB - The question mark-shaped loop is a simplified excluded loop which combines the advantages of being prepared as rapidly as the Tomoda procedure modified by Hivet and of having the same functional benefits as Roux's Y-shaped loop. It is essentially an omega-shaped loop the afferent segment of which is severed a few centimetres upstream of its higher point. The two sections can be sutured manually or with mechanical staplers. The loop can be brought up through the mesocolon as easily as the Y-shaped loop without dissection of the mesentery and can be used to re-establish continuity after total gastectomy. It can also be passed through the mesocolon and behind the stomach to perform hepato-jejunal anastomoses. Finally, it can be used for double or triple derivations in the conservative treatment of chronic pancreatitis. PMID- 6226993 TI - [Value of flubendazole in the treatment of toxocariasis]. PMID- 6226994 TI - [Intralymphatic injections of tumor cells in pulmonary epidermoid cancers]. PMID- 6226995 TI - [Arterial spasm during hyperselective catheterization angiography in neuroradiology]. PMID- 6226996 TI - [Early diagnosis of amniotic embolism. Value of central venous blood sampling]. PMID- 6226997 TI - [Neonatal contamination by Actinomyces israelii]. PMID- 6226998 TI - [Attempted suicide by ingestion of Datura stramonium seeds]. PMID- 6226999 TI - [Prevention of pulmonary embolism by Greenfield's umbrella. One year's use]. PMID- 6227000 TI - [Control of the toxicity of high-dose methotrexate by pharmacokinetic surveillance]. PMID- 6227001 TI - [The Crest syndrome. Apropos of a case with pericardial effusion and rapidly fatal severe pulmonary hypertension]. PMID- 6227002 TI - [Angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy with cutaneous leukocytoclastic vasculitis]. PMID- 6227003 TI - [Urologic complications of aortic aneurysm]. PMID- 6227004 TI - [Vocational rehabilitation of patients and disabled persons with tuberculosis]. PMID- 6227005 TI - [Case of ante mortem diagnosis of isolated tuberculosis of the liver and peritoneum]. PMID- 6227006 TI - [History of the organization and development of the antituberculosis service in Uzbekistan]. PMID- 6227007 TI - [I. K. Abakeliia--founder of phthisiology and organizer of tuberculosis control in Gruzia (on the 100th anniversary of his birth)]. PMID- 6227008 TI - Effect of N-(4-hydroxyphenyl) retinamide on food intake, growth, and mammary gland development in rats. AB - Food intake and growth were depressed during the first week of feeding the anticarcinogenic retinoid N-(4-hydroxyphenyl) retinamide (HPR) at a concentration of 782 mg/kg diet to female rats. Food intake was normalized thereafter, but body weight did not reach that of control animals until 40 days later. The use of a pair-fed group demonstrated that weight depression in HPR fed animals was entirely due to reduced food intake. Mammary glands from HPR-fed animals showed decreased ductal branching and decreased end bud proliferation relative to control glands. Total hepatic retinol and retinol concentration were lower (P less than 0.05) for HPR fed animals than for controls. The effects of HPR on mammary development and retinol storage were attributable to dietary HPR per se. HPR was detected in mammary gland and body fat at concentrations of 27 and 53.7 nmol/g, respectively. PMID- 6227009 TI - Ethical problems arising from research progress in medical genetics. PMID- 6227010 TI - Will prenatal diagnosis with selective abortion affect society's attitude toward the handicapped? PMID- 6227012 TI - Membrane fluidity and its role in the regulation of cellular processes. PMID- 6227011 TI - Immunological aspects of ultraviolet carcinogenesis. PMID- 6227013 TI - Gene transfer into animal cells after fusion with bacteriophage lambda-infected E coli protoplasts. PMID- 6227014 TI - Modification of graft-vs-host disease following bone marrow transplantation in germfree mice. PMID- 6227015 TI - Miscellaneous immune defects in gnotobiotic and SPF mice. PMID- 6227016 TI - Myocutaneous flap reconstruction of the trunk and extremities in cancer surgery. PMID- 6227017 TI - Ethanol and biological membranes: injury and adaptation. AB - Ethanol intoxication affects the protein and lipid constituents of biological membranes. Mitochondria exhibit specific decreases in components of the electron transport chain and in protein synthesis. In vitro ethanol reduces the transition temperatures of membrane-bound enzyme activities and decreases the order parameter. On the other hand, both are increased after chronic ethanol administration. After chronic ethanol treatment membranes are resistant to disordering by ethanol, possibly owing to an increased saturation of mitochondrial phospholipids, particularly cardiolipin. The increased rigidity of mitochondrial and synaptosomal membranes is associated with reduced binding of ethanol and of the general anesthetic halothane. The data suggest that initially ethanol increases the fluidity of all biological membranes. If continued chronically, this effect is balanced by a change in the lipid composition of the membranes, which increases their rigidity and makes them resistant to disordering by ethanol (homeoviscous adaptation). The change in molecular order reduces the binding of ethanol and other compounds, but also impairs a variety of membrane bound functions. These changes may play a role in tolerance to ethanol and cross tolerance to anesthetics, and in the pathogenesis of maladies associated with alcohol abuse. PMID- 6227018 TI - Suppression of lordotic responsiveness in the female rat during mesencephalic electrical stimulation. AB - The effects of biphasic electrical stimulation of the mesencephalic median (MRN) and dorsal raphe (DRN) nuclei, as well as the adjacent periaqueductal gray (PAG), on lordotic behavior were investigated in ovariectomized rats primed with three daily injections of estradiol benzoate (2 micrograms). Animals were tested between 4-8 hours after a progesterone (0.5 mg) injection on day four which normally facilitates high levels of receptivity during this period. Although stimulation of the MRN had no significant effect on lordosis, DRN activation at 100 Hz (0.5 msec pulse duration) or 10 Hz (2 msec pulse duration) caused a marked and immediate suppression (53% and 56%, respectively) in receptivity. This suppression does not appear to be due to activation of serotoninergic neurons originating in the DRN since pretreatment with an inhibitor of serotonin synthesis (parachlorophenylalamine, 320 mg/kg) essentially did not modify the suppression, thus providing no evidence in support of an inhibitory role for serotonin in lordotic behavior. Activation within the PAG adjacent to the DRN at 10 Hz (0.5 or 2 msec pulse duration) produced an immediate, dramatic decrease (81% and 80%, respectively) in receptivity. The suppressions induced by DRN and PAG stimulation appear most likely to be due to activation of a descending pathway inhibitory to the lordosis reflex at medullary or spinal cord levels. PMID- 6227020 TI - On the influence of zimelidine on left ventricular contractility. AB - The cardiovascular effects of the antidepressant zimelidine were studied in healthy volunteers ( n = 10) during a period of six days. The following parameters were examined: plasma level of the substance, blood pressure and--by means of ECG echocardiogram, carotid pulse curve and phonocardiogram--heart rate, myocardial contractility parameters, afterload and systemic arterial resistance. At therapeutic plasma levels zimelidine did not cause any significant increase in heart rate at unchanged blood pressure in contrast to classical tricyclic antidepressant. Furthermore, the inotropy parameters e.g. circumferential fibre shortening rate, systolic time intervals, and fibre shortening did not show any alterations after zimelidine. Decreases of peripheral resistance and afterload were negligible. PMID- 6227019 TI - Effects of glycosaminoglycan-polysulfate and two non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on prostaglandin E2 synthesis in Chinese hamster ovary cell cultures. AB - We have studied the influence of a polysulfated glycosaminoglycan (Arteparon) in comparison with indomethacin and piroxicam on the synthesis of prostaglandin E2 in Chinese hamster ovary cell cultures (CHO). The two non-steroidal anti inflammatory drugs (NSAD) were found to be strong inhibitors of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) synthesis. The inhibition was found to be dose-dependent. Arteparon, an antidegenerative drug for the treatment of osteoarthritis, was also found to inhibit PGE2 synthesis in the CHO cell cultures. The inhibition was not as strong as that of the NSAD and no correlation between the concentration of Arteparon and the inhibition of PGE2 synthesis could be demonstrated. PMID- 6227021 TI - Electromyographic study of the relationship between hamstring and abdominal muscles during a unilateral straight leg raise. AB - The purposes of this study were 1) to assess the relative participation of the hip extensor and abdominal musculature during unilateral straight leg raising in the naive subject and 2) to examine quantitatively alterations in the pattern of pelvic stabilization when the subject was instructed to relax the contralateral extremity. Surface electrodes were used to record bilaterally the electromyographic activity of the rectus abdominus, external oblique, and medial hamstring muscles. Each healthy subject performed a unilateral straight leg raise three times in each of two modes, Preferred and Relaxed. The electromyographic values for each muscle were normalized to a maximum isometric contraction and analyzed using a three-factor (2 X 2 X 2) mixed design analysis of variance. Results indicate that 9 of the 11 subjects used the tested medial hamstrings and abdominal muscles during a unilateral straight leg raise performed in the Preferred Mode. When instructed to relax the contralateral extremity for the Relaxed Mode, abdominal muscle activity increased significantly (p less than .01). The findings indicate that although most subjects normally stabilize with the contralateral extremity during a unilateral straight leg raise, they can consciously alter the pattern. PMID- 6227023 TI - Dermatitis. PMID- 6227022 TI - Filicidal behavior: behavioral correlates and role of sensory systems. AB - The administration of para-chloro-D,L-phenylalanine (PCPA) produces a high incidence of filicidal (pup-killing) behavior in female rodents. The present series of experiments determined the major behavioral, sensory, and temporal correlates of filicidal behavior in nulliparous adult Sprague-Dawley female rats. In Experiment 1, behavioral episodes involving the interaction of test pups and PCPA-induced filicidal females were videotaped, and subsequent analyses of behaviors related to locating, carrying, mauling, attacking, gnawing, and consuming the prey object were performed. Analysis indicated that the primary behavioral correlates in the PCPA animals included location, initiation of the attack (mauling), and killing of the pup (filicide). Only location was observed in control animals. Experiment 2 evaluated the effects of sensory impairments on location, mauling, and filicide. Sensory impairment occurred at 24 days of age for enucleation and 62 days of age for olfactory bulbectomies and/or auditory destruction. Animals were injected either at 110 or 130 days of age with PCPA for three consecutive days and tested for filicide for five additional days. Locating of the test pup was not affected by sensory impairment. Mauling was reduced significantly in the enucleation/auditory destructed animals. Filicide was significantly lower in animals with visual/auditory destruction, and, compared to controls, was reduced in all sensory impaired groups. PMID- 6227024 TI - Determining the cause of drug eruptions. PMID- 6227025 TI - The appropriate use of liquid nitrogen. AB - Cryosurgery, from the Greek word "kyros" meaning icy cold, is 80 years old and has become firmly established in medicine as a modality for the destruction of superficial benign and malignant lesions. Its advantages include simplicity of use, few complications, use where radiotherapy would destroy tissue such as cartilaginous structures, little bleeding, only occasional need for anesthesia, and no need for hospitalization. Patients with pacemakers and elderly patients can be treated. A good cosmetic result is obtained and multiple lesions can be treated at one sitting. It is the treatment of choice for many basal cell epitheliomas on the eyelid, and in patients with multiple cancers, those allergic to local anesthesia, those on anticoagulants, and those patients with a history of hepatitis or other serologically transmitted diseases. Cryosurgery is not a panacea for the treatment of benign or malignant skin lesions. The physician must be knowledgeable about the clinical nature of the lesion being treated and must foster a degree of skill using cryosurgical techniques in order to avoid pitfalls and to obtain satisfactory results. There is no substitute for experience. PMID- 6227026 TI - [Treatment of sex offenses with antiandrogens]. AB - A review of the literature published during the past ten years reveals a clear drop in the number of publications on the treatment of sexual deviations with antiandrogens. Although only one double-blind study has been published so far, we can safely say on the basis of the other experience reports that the antiandrogen Cyproterone acetate reduces appetence in males and also that this effect is reversible, besides an established good body tolerance of the preparation. At first, the spectrum of indications was very broad, and it is now markedly narrowed down, although it is still very inhomogeneous. The need of combining treatment with antiandrogens with psychotherapeutic measures has been generally recognized. Catamnestic reports are extremely rare. This means we are unable to give a satisfactory answer to essential questions, such as the range of indication, the duration of treatment with the preparation under discussion, the number of relapses after discontinuing the administration, etc. Further research in this field is imperative. PMID- 6227027 TI - An experimental study of social isolation of elderly people: psychoendocrine and metabolic effects. AB - Psychoendocrine and metabolic effects of social isolation and understimulation in real life were examined in a controlled study of 60 elderly people representative of their age group. Together with the staff and the elderly, a social activation program was formed at a senior citizen apartment building. Half of the elderly were part of this activation program (experimental group). The other half constituted the control group. Blood sampling and psychosocial testing were performed immediately before and after 3 and 6 months of social activation. Social activation increased threefold in the experimental group. Height decreased in the control group compared to the experimental subjects. Plasma levels of testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone, and estradiol increased significantly in the experimental group over the 6-month period compared to the control group. The most pronounced increase took place during the initial 3 months. Hemoglobin A1c decreased significantly in the experimental group over the 6-month period compared to the control group. In this preliminary study it is concluded that social isolation and understimulation may be associated with a wide range of psychophysiologic effects in elderly people. PMID- 6227028 TI - Neuropeptides and schizophrenia--spinal fluid and brain studies. PMID- 6227029 TI - Bone scanning in hip arthroplasty. PMID- 6227030 TI - [Premedication in laparoscopy: a severe and rare complication]. PMID- 6227031 TI - [Diabetes and the eye]. PMID- 6227032 TI - [Allergic glaucoma]. PMID- 6227033 TI - [The accommodative convergence/accommodation ratio in exodeviation]. PMID- 6227034 TI - [Considerations on the scleral factor and retinal tears]. PMID- 6227035 TI - [Ocular disorders caused by smoking]. PMID- 6227036 TI - [Prosthesis in micro-orbitism and anophthalmia]. PMID- 6227037 TI - [Operative technic and results obtained in congenital cataract]. PMID- 6227038 TI - [Aspiration technics in surgery of congenital cataract]. PMID- 6227039 TI - [Can anterior hyaloid rupture after uncomplicated extraction of the intracapsular crystalline lens be the result of torpid uveitis?]. PMID- 6227040 TI - [Neurotropic viral infection and optic neuritis (Considerations on diagnosis and treatment)]. PMID- 6227041 TI - [Crystalline lens extraction by inferior keratotomy]. PMID- 6227042 TI - [Difficulties in the diagnosis and treatment of congenital strabismus]. PMID- 6227043 TI - [Sympathotropic drugs used in ophthalmology]. PMID- 6227044 TI - [Papillary anomaly]. PMID- 6227045 TI - [Requirements concerning the preparation and use of topical ophthalmic medications]. PMID- 6227046 TI - [Ocular melanoma and hydroquinone]. PMID- 6227047 TI - [Protein variations in the normal crystalline lens and brown cataract]. PMID- 6227048 TI - [The complex treatment of cancer of the larynx]. PMID- 6227049 TI - [Role of the eustachian tube in chronic otitis (peculiar aspects of the problem)]. PMID- 6227050 TI - [The effect of industrial noise on phonation]. PMID- 6227051 TI - [Deglutition disorders in infants and young children]. PMID- 6227052 TI - [Results obtained in our clinic after treatment of cases of chronic ear suppuration with an autovaccine from an auricular secretion]. PMID- 6227053 TI - [Complications of otomastoiditis in children]. PMID- 6227054 TI - [Therapeutic possibilities in chronic suppurative otitis media in the industrial area of Suceava]. PMID- 6227055 TI - [Treatment and results in mesotympanitis]. PMID- 6227056 TI - [Aspects of "latent" coagulation disorders in ORL]. PMID- 6227058 TI - [Recurrent anterior epistaxis]. PMID- 6227057 TI - [A case of mixed laryngocele without any manifestations in the neck]. PMID- 6227059 TI - [Endoscopic cryobiopsy in tracheobronchial pathology]. PMID- 6227060 TI - [Laparoscopy in the detection of hepatic metastasis of early bronchial cancer (100 laparoscopies)]. AB - Staging 125 cases of primary lung cancer, peritoneoscopy for detection of liver metastasis was done each time it was possible. 100 peritoneoscopies were done, 92 were available. Tolerance was excellent. First investigation showed 16,3% liver metastasis. Higher frequency (35,3%) is found in oat cells carcinomas and lower in epidermoids (13,1%) and adenocarcinomas and/or undifferentiated (7,1%). Above all, in 7,6% of cases, peritoneoscopy alone was able to give diagnosis of liver metastasis not detected by other means. Peritoneoscopy shows no false positive, is safe and more effective than scans of biologic tests, can be repeated, and must become part of staging of lung cancers. PMID- 6227062 TI - Vocational rehabilitation services: a postsecondary student consumer's guide. PMID- 6227061 TI - Job analysis and workplace design resources for rehabilitation. PMID- 6227063 TI - [Immunological information for the diagnosis of respiratory tract disease]. PMID- 6227064 TI - [Biological assay of negative inotropic agents contained in the plasma using the excitation-contraction coupling mechanism]. PMID- 6227065 TI - [Perclusone ointment; clinical evaluation]. PMID- 6227066 TI - I-J subregion and suppressor signals. PMID- 6227067 TI - Immune reactions in the eye. PMID- 6227068 TI - The quest for an intrinsic C3 activating factor in human glomerular disease. PMID- 6227069 TI - Immunologic aspects of fibronectin. PMID- 6227070 TI - The genetic restriction of T lymphocyte-B lymphocyte interactions. An overview. PMID- 6227071 TI - Current data on the immune response to the male-specific antigen H-Y. PMID- 6227072 TI - Disordered cellular immunity in type I diabetes of man and the BB rat. PMID- 6227073 TI - Mechanisms of immune regulation at mucosal surfaces. AB - This review focuses on three aspects of immunity at mucosal surfaces. The first is the origin of the commitment of mucosal surfaces to IgA synthesis and the possible role of isotype-specific regulatory T cells in this process. The role of T cells in switching from virgin, IgM-bearing cells to antigen-sensitive IgA producing B cells is discussed in the context of recent developments in molecular biology, i.e., the possibility that the T cell regulates switching by providing a specific IgA recombinase. Second, the migratory patterns of cells from the gut mucosa to other mucosal sites are reviewed, and new data substantiating the migration of T cells in addition to B cells are presented. Third, the concept of oral tolerance is discussed, and the implications of the concomitant development of secretory immunity and systemic tolerance following enteric immunization are reviewed. New data are presented that suggest that although suppressor cells are present following oral immunization, prior treatment with agents such as cytoxan and colchicine, which eliminate splenic T suppressor cells, does not influence the induction of oral tolerance. PMID- 6227074 TI - [Value of the cardiothoracic index on the evaluation of myocardial involvement. Correlation with echocardiographic evaluation]. PMID- 6227075 TI - [Cause of increased focal uptake in the cervical vertebrae in skeletal scintigraphic routine studies]. AB - Focal uptake was seen in the cervical vertebral column of 61 patients in the course of routine bone scintigraphy. These focal increases were subjected to close analysis. In 60 of these patients (98.4%) degenerative lesions became manifest as the cause of the scintigraphic finding already by the bone scintigraphy pattern (paravertebral localisation in the posterior projection and dorsal localisation in the lateral. Two typical examples of metastatic changes are presented to facilitate differentiation. The bone scintigraphic pattern in arthrosis of the intervertebral joint is so typical that x-ray control examinations to confirm the diagnosis can be omitted in many cases. PMID- 6227076 TI - [Simultaneous scintigraphy exploration using MDP - 99 Tc and 67GA in infectious osteoarticular pathology. Initial results]. AB - A new investigation in infectious osteoarticular pathology is presented, involving the use of two tracers: one for bone metabolism (MDP - 99mTc), the other for the infectious process (67Ga). The initial results of a prospective study of 72 scintigraphic examinations are reported. Analysis of the results reveals the value in using 67Ga to determine the stage of development of the lesion and consequently to adapt the treatment. Classical bone scintigraphy, whose value remains the early detection of signs compared to radiography, does not allow us to follow the course of the lesion over time. The need to combine scintigraphic techniques has already been recognised (Lisbona, Gaucher) but there has usually been sequential meaning, apart from the risk of false negatives (early osteitis), repeated visits by the patients over a period of time. The simultaneous use of 2 tracers, technically possible, avoids these problems and produces a rapid result (generally 6 hours after the injection). PMID- 6227077 TI - [Activated and cytotoxic-suppressive T cells in rheumatoid polyarthritis]. AB - The authors studied the distribution of the sub-classes of T lymphocytes in the peripheral blood in 56 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) by a technique of complement dependent lymphotoxicity, using monoclonal antibodies (ABm) which react with surface proteins p29/34 (HLA-DR) and Tp 30 (OKT 8-like). Classically, these ABm recognize the sub-groups of activated T cells (TA = TDR+) and cytotoxic/suppressive T cells (T c/s) respectively. In this study, normal levels of TDR+ and T c/s were found in 32% and 25% of patients respectively. However, the distribution of the values shows that 48% of the patients with rheumatoid arthritis have an increased level of TA/DR+, while 51 to 67% of patients with RA have reduced levels of T c/s, depending on which ABm was used, which suggests a heterogeneity in the T c/s sub-population. In this series, it seems that the two phenomena are preferentially associated in the small group of patients with early onset RA, while in patients with late onset RA, there is an isolated rise in the TA. These observations need to be confirmed before we can attribute an aetio pathogenic role to the co-existence of these disorders. However, when the percentage of T c/s is greater than that of the TA, the RA has a longer clinical course than in the reverse case, which suggests the possibility of secondary immunological adaptation to the disease or an influence of treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6227078 TI - Travellers' diarrhoea: prevention by chemoprophylaxis. AB - The chemoprophylaxis of travellers' diarrhoea by iodochlorhydroxyquinoline combinations, neomycin and phthalsulphathiazole, furazolidone, bismuth salicylates and streptotriad is reviewed. Streptotriad is regarded as a highly effective prophylactic against travellers' diarrhoea. Some elementary food hygiene precautions are detailed. PMID- 6227079 TI - Comparative analysis of MMPI form R and MMPI-168 profiles in low back pain patients. AB - This study investigated the efficacy of MMPI Form R in evaluating chronic low back pain patients. Ninety-seven males and 81 females were administered Form R during a pre-treatment evaluation. Each test was scored for Form R and MMPI-168. Scales Pa and Sc were re-scored following a modified conversion table discussed in the literature, resulting in three scores for Pa and Sc. Correlations were calculated between scales on the two forms plus modified conversions for scales Pa and Sc. Highly significant correlations were found between the two forms of the MMPI, with slightly lower correlations between modified Pa and Sc scales and the same scales on Form R. Although there were statistical differences between MMPI Form R and MMPI-168 profile elevations, these were not considered clinically significant. Because of the high intercorrelations, and the test length it seems possible to consider use of the MMPI-168 in screening chronic pain patients. Other hypotheses exploring sex differences and differential profile elevations were investigated and are discussed. PMID- 6227080 TI - [Management and treatment of anxious and handicapped children]. PMID- 6227081 TI - Government intercedes in "Baby Jane Doe". PMID- 6227082 TI - Case report 244. Down syndrome (trisomy 21). PMID- 6227083 TI - Percutaneous insertion of a cuffed catheter with a long subcutaneous tunnel for intravenous hyperalimentation. AB - An indwelling silicone rubber Dacron-cuffed catheter placed in a long subcutaneous tunnel reduces the incidence of catheter-related sepsis and facilitates dressing changes by the patient, but often necessitates tedious dissection to cannulate a satisfactory tributary of a central vein. Modification of the percutaneous technique for introducing pervenous pacing leads allows placement of central venous feeding catheters without open dissection. A Teflon sheath introducer designed to separate along its longitudinal axis is advanced into a subclavian or femoral vein over a guidewire previously inserted through a percutaneously placed needle. The "peel apart" sheath allows the insertion of the catheter and the subsequent removal of the introducer. C-arm fluoroscopy facilitates and verifies catheter placement. Experience in 31 adult and five pediatric patients has proven this technique to be simple, safe, and expedient within an average operative time of only 20 minutes (12 to 30 min). Successful insertion through the femoral vein as well as insertion under local anesthesia has been achieved without adverse effects. This technique has distinct advantages over previous techniques and lends itself well to the implantation of indwelling central venous catheters on an outpatient or treatment room basis with obviously improved cost-benefit and risk-benefit ratios. PMID- 6227084 TI - Systemic anaphylaxis caused by parenteral spectinomycin. AB - Spectinomycin is commonly used for the treatment of uncomplicated gonorrhea, and is considered to be a safe drug. We have described a case of anaphylaxis characterized by peripheral vascular collapse after intramuscular administration of spectinomycin. PMID- 6227085 TI - [Control of transluminal angioplasty]. PMID- 6227086 TI - Evaluating the Malaise Inventory. An item analysis. PMID- 6227087 TI - [Methodological approaches to designing ambulatory care and preventive care facilities]. PMID- 6227088 TI - [Organization of ambulatory-polyclinic care for rural population]. PMID- 6227089 TI - [Organization of the People's Comissariats of Public Health of the RSFSR and other Union Republics (1918-1922) (65th anniversary of the creation of the People's Comissariat of the RSFSR Public Health)]. PMID- 6227090 TI - [Medico-geographical descriptions--a major source of the study of the history of medicine of Moldavia]. PMID- 6227091 TI - [Socio-hygienic aspects of the organization of ambulatory-polyclinic services for the rural population of the Kazakh SSR]. PMID- 6227092 TI - Challenges and a changing role. PMID- 6227093 TI - Launching SNAP in Coventry. PMID- 6227094 TI - [Phage typing of Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from foods and patients with a clinical picture of food poisoning]. PMID- 6227095 TI - Reconstruction of the abdominal wall using a tensor fasciae latae musculocutaneous island flap. A case report. AB - A case is reported which provides further evidence of the reliability of a unilateral tensor fasciae latae myocutaneous island flap in the repair of a large full-thickness defect in the lower abdominal wall. PMID- 6227096 TI - Monitoring and perioperative intervention in the postoperative patient with heart disease. AB - The perioperative care of patients with preexisting cardiac disease is smoothest and easiest when preoperative assessment has identified patients at risk, and when such patients are invasively and intensively monitored in the postoperative period. Using real-time measurements of cardiovascular functions permits the physician to rationally decide on a course of drug support. Several clinical situations are presented in order to illustrate the relevance of these measurements for the management of the patient. PMID- 6227097 TI - Factors affecting patency of femoropopliteal bypass grafts. AB - A 16 year review of femoropopliteal bypass grafts identified five factors with significant influence on long term patency. Most important was the nature of the graft itself, with vein grafts having superior long term performance as compared to a variety of prosthetic grafts. Arteriographic runoff, indications for operation, site of the distal anastomosis and prior femoropopliteal operation had a major influence on long term patency of prosthetic grafts but rather minimal effects on the patency of autogenous vein grafts. The influence of several variables proved cumulative, leading to a favorable subset of patients in whom prosthetic grafts may approach long term performance of vein grafts. Differences in such key variables is a major contribution to the widely differing patency rates of previous studies and must be carefully controlled in any future prospective studies. PMID- 6227098 TI - The human C3b receptor. AB - The C3b receptor of human erythrocytes, neutrophils, monocytes, all mature B cells, a subpopulation of T cells, and glomerular podocytes is a single chain glycoprotein that exists in two allotypic forms having Mr's of approximately 250,000 (F) and 260,000 (S). The number of receptors present on erythrocytes varies by eight-fold among different individuals and is genetically regulated by two codominant alleles that are distinct from the alleles determining the structural polymorphism. The number of receptors expressed by neutrophils is subject to rapid increases from 5000 per cell to 40,000 per cell by exposure to nanomolar concentrations of C5adesArg, in vitro, and a similar mechanism is probably the basis for observing increased receptor expression on neutrophils in patients undergoing hemodialysis. Cytoskeletal association of the C3b receptor on monocytes and neutrophils is suggested by experiments demonstrating receptor mediated phagocytosis, adsorptive endocytosis through coated pits, and restricted lateral diffusion, and by the reciprocal co-redistribution of cross-linked C3b and Fc receptors, and the detergent-insolubility of cross-linked C3b receptors. The factor H-like cofactor activity of the C3b receptor promotes the cleavage of bound C3b to iC3b, C3c and C3d, g, reactions that may enhance the clearance of circulating immune complexes and the generation of ligands for CR2 and CR3. The inherited partial deficiency of erythrocyte C3b receptors in patients with SLE, and the absence of glomerular C3b receptors in these patients with proliferative glomerulonephritis may contribute to systemic and organ-specific abnormalities in the clearance of immune complexes that contribute to the pathogenesis of this disease. PMID- 6227100 TI - Role of myofibroblasts in pseudointima formation. AB - Twenty Dacron grafts (10 crimped and 10 noncrimped) were studied with light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) 1 to 10 months after insertion into the canine thoracoabdominal aorta. Fibroblast-derived pseudointima maintained a smooth luminal lining that approximated the luminal cross-sectional area of the aorta. Turbulent flow at the corrugated surface of crimped grafts was reflected by the nonuniform alignment of the luminal cells. TEM demonstrated that fibroblasts, macrophages, vasa, and nerve fibers had infiltrated the interstices of the grafts. A zone of loose connective tissues and ground substances existed between the graft surface and the pseudointima and occupied the zone between the luminal cells and the body of the pseudointima. The core of the pseudointima consisted of dense fibrous connective tissue elements and myofibroblasts arranged in a laminated pattern. The luminal cells that were seen were myofibroblasts containing microvilli rather than true endothelial cells. A gradual transition of fibroblast to myofibroblast from the graft to the lumen existed. Myofibroblasts with active rough endoplasmic reticula and Golgi complexes were responsible for formation of ground substances and extracellular matrix. Our observation strongly suggests that the cellular lining in healed Dacron prostheses is derived from modified fibroblasts or multipotential cells. These cells have the capability of transforming into endothelioid and myoblastoid cells as dictated by the functional need. PMID- 6227101 TI - [Efficacy of remantadin in influenza B]. PMID- 6227102 TI - Ultrastructure of initial nasal process cell fusion in spontaneous and 6 aminonicotinamide-induced mouse embryo cleft lip. AB - A search was made for cell ultrastructure differences in the initial fusion process of the medial and lateral nasal processes in mouse embryos of the following types: A/J with 12% cleft lip (CL), CL/Fr with 23% CL--both cleft-lip predisposed strains, CL/Fr 6-aminonicotinamide (6AN)-treated (94% CL) and controls from the C57BL/6 strain (0% CL) and dancer stock (0% CL). No detectable differences were found between the A/J and CL/Fr strains and the controls in the epithelial cells showing initial contact and fusion. Epithelial surfaces not in contact in controls and where clefts were developing were smooth. Cells approaching or in contact had cell projections, intercellular junctions, desmosomes, and microfilaments demonstrating firm contact between the apposed epithelia. It has been postulated that spontaneous cleft lip was due to a predisposing face shape bringing about a failure of contact in some embryos and in others where contact was achieved fusion was normal. These data support this view. The situation, however, in 6AN-treated embryos is different. A few 6AN treated embryos showed abnormal contact that appeared malpositioned and tenuous. The teratogen also caused increased cell death and a denser epithelium and mesenchyme. Thus 6AN-induced cleft lip could be due to the epithelial cell changes and/or to the reduction in size of the nasal processes. PMID- 6227103 TI - What's wrong with the failing heart? PMID- 6227105 TI - On the structure of functional sites in fibrinogen. AB - Fibrinogen is involved in many biochemically and medically important processes. In order to obtain a deeper insight into the functional mechanisms of these processes it is necessary to analyse them on the molecular level. The complete covalent structure of human fibrinogen is known, and it is therefore now possible to establish structure-function relationships. For several functional sites the structural equivalent has been well identified, e.g. the thrombin and plasmin cleavage sites, the crosslinking site. For some other sites only the corresponding regions of the molecule are known, e.g. polymerization and calcium binding sites. However, for many significant physiological functions of fibrinogen the structural basis has not yet been established. On the other hand, there are several regions of the molecule which by evolutionary evidence seem to be of functional importance, but for which no specific functions as yet have been assigned. PMID- 6227104 TI - Retrospective study on complications and adverse effects of treatment with thrombin-like enzymes--a multicentre trial. PMID- 6227106 TI - [Integrated approach: brain lesions following head trauma. Handicapped and all...]. PMID- 6227107 TI - Amelioration of mercuric chloride-induced acute renal failure by dithiothreitol. AB - Experiments were conducted to determine if administration of the sulfhydryl reducing agent and metal chelator dithiothreitol (31 mg/kg body wt) alters the development of renal dysfunction in the first 3 hr after injection of mercuric chloride (3 mg/kg). Mercuric chloride alone resulted in elevation of urine flow rate and fractional excretion of solutes within 30 min of injection. In animals injected with dithiothreitol 60 min after mercuric chloride, urine flow rate and fractional excretion of solutes were reduced within 30 min to values intermediate between control and mercuric chloride-treated rats. Neither the injection of mercuric chloride alone nor when followed by dithiothreitol resulted in changes in mean arterial blood pressure or glomerular filtration rate. In addition, dithiothreitol did not reduce urine flow rate or fractional excretion of solutes when these parameters were elevated during extracellular fluid volume expansion. Measurement of mercury in organs of those rats injected with mercuric chloride alone or prior to dithiothreitol revealed no alteration in organ distribution. The renal cortex contained the highest concentrations of mercury, and these concentrations were comparable in both groups of rats. These studies demonstrate that dithiothreitol can ameliorate the renal toxicity of mercury and suggest that this effect is mediated through an intrarenal site of action. PMID- 6227108 TI - Toxicity of mercuric chloride to the developing rat kidney. I. Postnatal ontogeny of renal sensitivity. AB - Although the sensitivity of the adult rat kidney to mercuric chloride has been widely reported, the degree to which this toxicant affects the developing kidney is unknown. Therefore, this study examined the effects of HgCl2 on renal function during postnatal maturation. Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with a single sc injection of 5 mg/kg HgCl2 on Day 1, 8, 15, 22, or 29 after birth. The effects on renal function, histology, and morphology were assessed 24, 48, and 120 hr after each treatment. Measurements of renal function included urine volume, osmolality, the ability to concentrate urine during water deprivation, urinary pH, chloride and protein content, tests for glucosuria, hematuria, and various serum chemistry parameters. Rats were killed and their kidneys processed and examined by light microscopy. The renal sensitivity to HgCl2 increased throughout maturation for every parameter measured. No pups treated with HgCl2 on Day 1 died, but mortality increased to almost 20% in rats treated 22 and 29 days after birth. Body weight was unaffected in Day 1 animals, but was decreased at 120 hr post-treatment in three of the other four age groups. Kidney weights were unaffected in 1- and 8 day olds, but were increased by 10 to 55% in rats that were 15, 22, and 29 days old. Urine volume was increased 48 to 72 hr following treatment at all ages. The ability to concentrate urine in response to water deprivation was compromised in all animals with the exception of those treated on Day 1, and was decreased to the greatest extent in 29-day-olds. Urinary chloride concentration was decreased in Day-22 animals at 24 and 48 hr, and in Day-29 rats at all times observed after injection. Urinary pH was more acidic in treated suckling pups, and more basic in treated pups after weaning on Day 22. Urinary protein content was increased after exposure in all but the pups treated on Day 1. Serum creatinine was increased at 120 hr after injection in Day-8 rats, and 24 and 48 hr after injection in older rats. Glucosuria and hematuria occurred with increasing frequency as the pups matured. Histological evaluation revealed some cortical tubular dilatation in rats treated on Day 1 or Day 8; there was tubular necrosis in older rats. For all parameters observed, the neonatal kidney was largely insensitive to HgCl2 toxicity; however, a trend toward increased sensitivity with increasing age was demonstrated. PMID- 6227099 TI - Relationships among the complement, kinin, coagulation, and fibrinolytic systems. PMID- 6227109 TI - [Academic research work of students in the teaching of forensic medicine]. PMID- 6227110 TI - [Forensic medical expertise based on medical documents]. PMID- 6227111 TI - A case of Plasmodium ovale malaria acquired in Burma. PMID- 6227112 TI - Expression of OKT 8 antigen and Fc gamma receptors by suppressor cells mediating specific unresponsiveness between recipient and donor in renal-allograft-tolerant patients. AB - Renal allograft tolerant patients show specific unresponsiveness in mixed lymphocyte culture assays when confronted with donor stimulating cells. Separation of posttransplant peripheral blood lymphocytes into Fc gamma + and Fc gamma - by rosetting and into OKT8+, OKT8- by cytofluorometry enabled the demonstration of normal responses by Fc gamma - and OKT8- cells, whereas the proliferation of OKT8+ and Fc gamma + cells was depressed specifically in the presence of donor cells. Using mixing experiments, we showed that OKT8+ and Fc gamma + posttransplant lymphocytes exert a suppressive effect specific to the donor-recipient pair on the proliferative response of the pretransplant lymphocytes. PMID- 6227113 TI - Blood-transfusion-induced suppression of cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses in mice. AB - B6AF1 (H-2KbkDbd) mice were transfused weekly with 0.1 ml of whole blood from DBA/2 (H-2d) mice. One week after each transfusion, spleen and serum samples were collected. Blood transfusions did not induce blood donor alloantigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) in spleens of B6AF1 mice. When spleen cells from transfused mice were sensitized to alloantigens in mixed lymphocyte culture in vitro, it was observed that 1-3 transfusions induced suppression of blood donor specific CTL activity. No suppression of CTL activity was found after 4 transfusions. The cell-mixing experiments demonstrated that the suppression of CTL activity following initial 2 blood transfusions was due to the presence of suppressor cells. The presence of antibodies in sera of transfused B6AF1 mice capable of inhibiting CTL was investigated using the CTL-inhibition test. In these experiments, cytotoxic T lymphoblasts generated in MLC in vitro by culturing normal B6AF1 spleen cells with x-irradiated DBA/2 cells were treated with serum before testing them for cytotoxicity. The antibodies capable of inhibiting CTL responses were demonstrable in sera from transfused mice. Three and four BT sera caused significant inhibition of CTL responses. The CTL inhibitory antibodies were specific for effector cells of the B6AF1 mice and for target cells of the blood donor DBA/2 mice. These results suggest that the inhibition of CTL responses is caused by antibodies directed against the recognition sites on effector T lymphocytes. The data from this study, therefore, demonstrate that BT cause suppression of the recipient's CTL responses against alloantigens present on the blood donor, and that this suppression is mediated by suppressor cells after the initial 1 to 2 transfusions and by antibodies directed against the CTL antigen-specific receptors after subsequent transfusions. PMID- 6227114 TI - Genetic control and effector cells in host-versus-graft responses to H-Y antigen in mice. AB - T cell responses to the male-specific H-Y antigen in mice include skin graft rejection, delayed-type hypersensitivity and cytotoxic T cell responses; these are under complex H-2 and non-H-2 Ir gene control. The effector cells for these two in vivo responses are Ly 1+2-, and the cytotoxic T cell effectors generated in secondary mixed lymphocyte reactions in vitro are Ly1+2+, although their development requires the presence of Ly 1+2- T helper cells. We investigated the Ir gene control of another in vivo response to H-Y, the host-versus-graft response (HVGR), measured by popliteal lymph node enlargement. The strain distribution pattern (SDP) of primary and secondary HVG responses to H-Y indicates that there are both H-2 and non-H-2 Ir genes involved in controlling responsiveness. Cell transfer of the secondary response identifies an Ly 1+2- effector T cell for this response: this information together with the SDP of cytotoxic T cell responses suggests that the HVGR may represent activation of the T helper population involved in the generation of cytotoxic T cells. PMID- 6227115 TI - The chemical and immunosuppressive stability of cyclosporine during continuous intravenous infusion. PMID- 6227116 TI - Immune complexes in experimental alveolar hydatidosis. AB - Increasing amounts of immune complexes (IC) accumulated in the blood of C57BL/6J (H-2b) mice infected for 16 weeks with alveolar hydatid cysts. The circulating IC were detected both quantitatively (precipitation with 3.75% polyethylene glycol) and qualitatively (Raji cell binding assay) in the sera of hydatid-mice. The levels of serum IC roughly parallel the increase in weight of the larval cyst masses (LCM) and were inversely reacted to serum compliment activity; the latter was markedly reduced at 14 weeks postinfection. The solubilized serum IC was reacted with appropriate antisera in gel precipitation test; it consisted of E. multilocularis antigens, IgGl, IgG2b, IgM and C3. Mouse IgG, IgM, complement and hydatid antigens were also detected by the indirect immunofluorescent technique in kidney sections of hydatid-mice infected 14 weeks before. The role of IC is discussed with reference to immunodepression and growth of the LCM in hydatid mice. PMID- 6227117 TI - [Accumulation of one of the histone H1 subfractions and increase in chromatin resistance to the nuclease effect in the course of carp and grass carp spermatogenesis]. AB - Chromatin of immature testes and sperma of grass carp and carp was hydrolyzed by micrococcal nuclease and DNA I. The hydrolysis kinetics was studied. Chromatin of sperm maintains the nucleosomal repeat typical to somatic cells and is more resistant to the nuclease effect than chromatin of testes. Histones H1 and H2B of grass carp differ from the respective histones of the calf thymus. The core histones of sperm testes and liver chromatin in grass carp and carp have similar electrophoretic mobility. However the amount of slowly moving subfraction of histone H1 increases in the course of spermatogenesis. The amino acid composition of histone H1 from the carp sperm is characterized by a high lysine (34.6%) and low glycine (4.5%) content. A histone H1 molecule contains one tyrosine. The lysine/arginine ratio is 21.6 which is considerably higher than in H1-like histones of sperma in other species (for instance of Echinodermata). PMID- 6227118 TI - [Interaction of ATP with sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase; effect on the conformational state of the enzyme]. AB - It was studied how temperature influences the NBD-Cl inactivation of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase and the protective effect of ATP under conditions preventing ATP hydrolysis. Two types of ATP-binding sites with Kd equal to 30 and 220 microM at 37 degrees C were found. ADP interacts with these sites with the (K'd = 20 and 200 microM). The temperature decrease from 25 degrees to 5 degrees C induces the abrupt increase in the Kd for the low affinity site. The possible reasons for heterogeneity of ATP-binding sites are discussed. The conclusion is made that interaction of monomers in oligomeric complex of Ca2+-ATPase induces heterogeneity of ATP-binding sites. PMID- 6227119 TI - [Reconstruction of the properties of smooth-muscle cell sarcolemma on planar lipid membranes]. AB - A method is described for reconstruction of certain sarcolemma characteristics of smooth muscle cells in the small intestine of a rabbit on the planar lipid membranes (PLM). The method is based on the use of fusogenic properties of certain lipid preparations. The ultrasound dispergates of azolectin and egg lecithin in combined incubation with sarcolemma vesicles of smooth-muscle cells promote a 1.4-1.8-fold increase of the total ATPase activity of the sarcolemma. Cholesterol, dipalmithoil lecithin, total brain phospholipids, inhibit the ATPase activity. Sarcolemma vesicles preincubated with azolectin lyposomes in the ratio which induces maximum ATPase activation (sarcolemma protein: azolectin-1:6) interact intensively with PLM from azolectin. PLM modified in such a way is channel-conductive, sensitive to tetraethylammonium and sign of the applied voltage. PMID- 6227120 TI - [High energy phosphate compounds and ATPase activity of mitochondria in the brain of rats of different ages]. AB - Adenosine phosphate and creatine phosphate amount was determined in the brain tissue of 3-4-week, 6-8 month and 26-26 month old mongrel female rats. The maximum ATP and creatine phosphate amount and the minimum of ADP and AMP were found in young rats. In adult rats as compared with the young the ATP amount is the same, the ADP and AMP level rises, that of creative phosphate falls and energy charge decreases. In the brain of old rats the ATP and ADP amount falls, that of creatine phosphate and AMP remains at the level of mature-age animals. Despite a decrease in the ATP amount in the brain at the old age, the Mg, DNP- ATPase activity of mitochondria isolated from brain cortex and stem of the old rats remains at the level typical of adult animals. PMID- 6227121 TI - Relationship between subjective complaints and urinary flow. AB - Two hundred six patients were examined with urine flowmetry and residual urine measurements to determine if a relationship exists between pathologic urine flowmetry determinations and specific subjective patient complaints. A statistical correlation exists in men with the complaint of frequency and in women with the complaint of frequency and incontinence. Possible explanation for these findings is discussed. PMID- 6227122 TI - [Problems in organizing and improving the quality of ophthalmological care]. PMID- 6227123 TI - [Activities of the Minsk otorhinolaryngological hospital with regard to the organization of its phoniatric services]. PMID- 6227125 TI - [Radiation protection in roentgenological studies]. PMID- 6227124 TI - Lysogeny and other characteristics of Staphylococcus hyicus isolated from chickens. AB - Lysogeny was readily demonstrated among strains of Staphylococcus hyicus that were isolated from chickens. Susceptibility to phage lysis was affected by prophage immunity, but lipase activity and erythromycin resistance were not affected by the presence of temperate phage. In contrast to previously published results, lipase-negative strains of S. hyicus were relatively common and the use of selective media based on lipase activity would have been unsuitable for detection of the S. hyicus strains examined. PMID- 6227126 TI - [Hypertrophy and function of the left ventricle in essential hypertension]. PMID- 6227128 TI - [Organization of medical services in the 7th Guard Army in the Belgorod-Kharkov offensive (on the 40th anniversary of the Battle of Kursk)]. PMID- 6227127 TI - [Relation between hemodynamics of the major and minor circulatory systems and hypertrophy of the left ventricle in the echocardiographic examination in hypertension]. PMID- 6227129 TI - [Various characteristics of the activities of an independent medical division battalion in mountain-desert areas (preliminary report)]. PMID- 6227130 TI - [Professional training of military surgeons]. PMID- 6227131 TI - [Activities of the mobile stomatological unit]. PMID- 6227132 TI - [Iustin Iulianovich Dzhanelidze (on the centenary of his birth)]. PMID- 6227133 TI - [Chloride-sulfate sodium mineral water in the combined treatment of patients with chronic gastritis]. PMID- 6227134 TI - [Efficacy of mineral water from the Zhosaly source in the combined treatment of patients with cholecystitis]. PMID- 6227135 TI - [Angiographic and endoscopic diagnosis of pancreatic cancer]. AB - The report discusses the results of 60 angiographic and 25 angioscintigraphic examinations of the pancreas, 129 endoscopic retrograde pancreatocholangiographic examinations and 226 standard and combined laparoscopies carried out in 276 cases of diseases of the pancreas and extrahepatic biliary ducts. Pancreatic cancer was identified in 119 cases. Angiographic and angioscintigraphic examination established the correct diagnosis of pancreatic carcinoma in 85.2% of patients, endoscopic retrograde pancreatocholangiography--93.9%, and complex examination (angiography, endoscopic retrograde pancreatocholangiography and laparoscopy) in 98.7%. PMID- 6227136 TI - [Organizational aspects of the work of a centralized cytological laboratory]. AB - An experience of organizing of activity of a centralized cytological laboratory is presented in the paper. It is based on an analysis of activity of leading cytological laboratories of the RSFSR. Certain issues of training of cytologists, laboratory assistants and technical staff on the basis of leading institutions of the country as well as problems of setting up control over reliability of cytological conclusions are discussed. PMID- 6227137 TI - [Experience in the cytological diagnosis of thyroid cancer in an endemic goiter area]. AB - Preoperative diagnosis of thyroid pathology was improved following a cytological examination of punctates from nodulated formations of the thyroid in patients living in goiter-endemic regions. Diagnosis of thyroid cancer was confirmed preoperatively in 78% of cases, which, in turn, warranted application of adequate surgical procedures. PMID- 6227138 TI - [Experience in organizing the treatment of laryngeal cancer patients in the specialized department of a provincial oncological dispensary]. AB - The standards of treatment of laryngeal cancer in Sverdlovsk Region within the last 8 years were evaluated. 1,534 patients have been registered. Combined therapy formed the basis of treatment. Good results were obtained in the treatment of laryngeal cancer at a specialized department of head and neck tumors. The frequency of postoperative complications dropped by 15% and cancer mortality rates--from 3.2 to 2.3 per 100,000 of population. PMID- 6227139 TI - Effect of storage on platelet release and aggregation responses. AB - The effect of storage conditions on the aggregation and release responses of platelets have been investigated, using ADP as activating agent and beta thromboglobulin (BTG) as a measure of the release reaction. Spontaneous release of BTG during storage was also investigated. Platelets held at room temperature maintained their ability to aggregate and release BTG in response to ADP after 3 days storage. After storage for 1 day at 4 degrees C platelets showed normal aggregation in response to ADP but did not release BTG. After 4-6 days, platelets stored at room temperature showed a smaller spontaneous loss of BTG than those stored at 4 degrees C. Spontaneous release of BTG from platelets in whole blood stored at 4 degrees C was significantly lower than from platelets stored as concentrates, although platelets prepared from whole blood stored for 1 day showed neither release nor aggregation in response to ADP stimulation. We suggest that ADP-stimulated BTG release may be a sensitive tests of platelet function during storage. PMID- 6227140 TI - Evaluation of tubal patency in post-abortal infertile women. PMID- 6227142 TI - [Percutaneous transluminal vasodilatation. Long-term results and report on experiences with a new system of catheters: transaxillary technic]. AB - A report is given on the result of 567 transluminal vasodilatations, some of which have been followed up for more than five years. The results of conventional techniques were compared with a new catheter technique. The complication rate with the newly-adopted system is much lower than with conventional ones, while the reocclusion rate is only about 10%, which is about half of the figure obtained in the period up to July 1981 when the new technique was introduced. PMID- 6227143 TI - [Liver metastases: sonography or scintigraphy? A comparative prospective study]. AB - In 278 patients with known malignancy a sonogram, scintigram and laboratory examination were done on the same day. The comparison of the examinations revealed nearly the same accuracy for both imaging modalities with 90% for sonography and 89% for scintigraphy. Sonography showed the more uniform results, because scintigraphy had a high percentage of false positive results. The value of both methods as the utility of an additional laboratory examination are discussed. PMID- 6227141 TI - [Non-virilizing hormonal therapy in women with secondary disorders of sexual responsiveness]. AB - 26 women with secondary disturbance of sexual responsiveness were treated mainly with dehydroepiandrosterone preparations. The sexual tonus was tested before and after treatment by a sexual score system previously described. Urinary 17 ketosteroid and plasma testosterone fractions were controlled in 17 patients; these values were, in general, below the normal range before treatment. Treatment was considered to be successful in 17 patients, while in the remaining 9, who mainly belonged to the group of younger patients, no success was achieved. However, the results point out that therapeutic success with hormones of low biological activity can be expected only after numerous months of treatment. The pattern obtained on determination of hormonal parameters usually corresponded to the results of treatment. PMID- 6227144 TI - [Wheelchair drivers - structure of a handicapped group in a rural district]. PMID- 6227146 TI - [Effect of testosterone on the skin and its appendages]. AB - The response of the target cells of the skin (sebaceous glands, hair follicles) to androgens is bound to the influence of different hormones. Pituitary hormones permit the action of testosterone on the sebaceous glands by influencing its conversion to 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone. The sebaceous glands of the rat have proved a useful experimental model. PMID- 6227145 TI - [Prevention of mycoses at the work place]. PMID- 6227147 TI - [Hormonal interaction of androgen and estrogen receptors in normal skin and in acne]. AB - Hormone metabolism in skin affected with acne has been investigated by determination of androgen and estrogen receptors with the help of saturation analysis. The results have been compared with data of an age-corresponding control group. The investigation has been performed on 55 male and 11 female volunteers with acne in their lesions as well as unaffected areas. Androgen and estrogen serum levels have been determined as additional endocrine parameters. Testosterone serum levels were slightly elevated in about 11 percent of the male patients, while the percentage for the female patients might be higher as far as can be judged on account of small number of patients. The lack of correlation between estrogen/androgen receptors and their corresponding serum levels leads to the conclusion that the hormone metabolism is situated in the periphery, being independent of the central endocrine regulation. Similar findings for distribution and receptor levels in both healthy and involved skin of acne patients revealed a significant discrepancy in comparison to corresponding evaluations found in healthy patients. There results point out to an elevated dependency on hormonal influences of the entire integument of acne patients. Estrogen receptors could be found in both acne patients and controls. PMID- 6227148 TI - [Estriol skin effects--clinical, hormonal and sebum parameters in female acne patients]. AB - The following paper presents the results of treatment of premenstrual acne with an estriol containing ointment. The mode of action of this therapy is discussed. Evaluations of serum-HPRL at regular intervals served as parameter for a possible systemic estrogen effect. A central estrogen stimulation could not be proved. For documentation of possible therapeutic effects, we performed thin-layer chromatographic sebum-determinations from treated as well as untreated areas. The same technique could give us information about the working mechanism of external estrogen treatment in telling us possible parallelisms in the course of the lipid values during therapy. The findings confirm the local efficacy of the estriol ointment. Clinical results ranged between good and excellent in 8 out of 12 patients. In addition the number of skin lesions decreased, and the skin itself looked "improved". This form of therapy may be a possible alternative to systemic hormone therapy or a good supply in a combination therapy. PMID- 6227149 TI - [Selective intracoronary lysis as a technical procedure]. PMID- 6227150 TI - [Selective intracoronary lysis and transluminal coronary dilation as an immediate measure in acute myocardial infarct]. PMID- 6227151 TI - [Technic, risks, early and late results following catheter dilatation of coronary vessel stenoses]. PMID- 6227152 TI - The mechanism of transluminal angioplasty. PMID- 6227153 TI - [Gnotobiotic animals in experimental medicine]. PMID- 6227154 TI - [Role of microcirculatory pathology and chalone regulation of epidermal cell proliferation in the pathogenesis of psoriasis]. PMID- 6227155 TI - [Cytologic features and proliferative activity of lymphocytes in different erythrodermas]. PMID- 6227156 TI - [Changes in the pH of the surface of the skin in industrial rubber production workers]. PMID- 6227157 TI - [Dermatologic morbidity among workers at an agricultural machinery assembly plant and ways of reducing it]. PMID- 6227158 TI - [Allergic dermatoses in the Apsheron petroleum industry]. PMID- 6227159 TI - [Technical procedure in the use of lyophilized dura for closure of extensive abdominal wall defects]. AB - In the Department of Pediatric Surgery in the Steglitz Hospital of Berlin Free University, major defects in the thoracic and abdominal wall and other sites were treated in 122 children by implantation of lyophilised dura. Surgery was performed 49 times at the abdominal wall, 26 times at the diaphragm, 14 times at the thoracic wall, and 33 times in various other regions. Lyophilised dura, after it has been desantigenised and sterilised, is very versatile in application. However, it is necessary to avoid any area of contact with the lumen of the digestive tract, the tracheo-bronchial system and the body surface. If the implanted dura can be covered with endogenous soft parts and skin, complete incorporation is achieved with the formation of a solid cicatricial plate which provides satisfactory stabilisation of the wall even in extensive defects. Another essential prerequisite is safe anchoring of the dura implants, which can always be achieved if an appropriate suturing technique is employed. PMID- 6227160 TI - Normal urinary flow for girls aged 3-14 years. AB - 103 healthy girls aged 3-14 in whom urological illness or chronic urinary tract infection could be ruled out were examined uroflowmetrically with a "Mictiograph" operating on the rotation-dynamic principle. The 103 girls were subdivided into 2 groups: 3-7 years (N:53) and 8-14 years (N:50). For both age groups we could establish uroflowmetric results (volume, micturition time, average flow, maximum flow, time required for attaining maximum flow) and subject them to statistical scrutiny. For all 5 uroflow parameters we figured the mean, variance, and standard deviation for both age groups. In a variance analysis we were able to document significant group differences for volume, average flow and maximum flow. Basing on these results it was possible to represent the correlation of average and maximum flow with volume for both age groups using lines of regression. Moreover, in the group aged 8-14 there existed a linear relation of volume, average flow and maximum flow to age. Naturally, some girls will continue to require a combined urodynamic examination. But by means of the statistically validated uroflow norms presented here, better differentiation from pathological results can be attained, and uroflow measurements in girls can now be regarded as reliable indicators. PMID- 6227161 TI - Teratogenic aspects of abdominal wall defects. AB - The article describes two methods used to reveal possible teratogenic factors involved in the aetiology of abdominal wall defects. Forty-six mothers to children with gastroschisis and omphalocele were questioned about heredity, occupation, use of drugs etc. during early pregnancy (case history study). Seventy-four mothers to children with gastroschisis and omphalocele were randomly selected from a national register and their maternal health service record forms were studied and compared with the forms of 144 matched controls (case control study). None of the analyzed factors was found to be of significant teratogenic importance in the aetiology of abdominal wall defects, nor was it possible to explain the increase in the incidence of gastroschisis taking place during the early 70s. PMID- 6227162 TI - [Discontinuous plasma exchange with the conventional hemodialysis technic and blood cell centrifugation]. AB - A conventional haemodialysis system, to which the patient is connected as for acute dialysis, forms the basis of the plasma substitution method. At each session around 2 litres of plasma were exchanges within 3 hours. Freshly frozen donor plasma was mainly used as the substitution solution. A total of 20 substitutions were carried out in 5 patients in a period of 7 months. The indications were: 3 x major mismatch in the ABO system before bone marrow transplantation, myasthenic crisis, violent attacks connected with lupus erythematosus with rapid development of renal insufficiency. The therapeutic goal of quickly eliminating immunopathogenetic proteins was achieved in all cases. It was possible to reduce the level of isoagglutinins, haemolysins, autoantibodies (myasthenia gravis) and immunity complexes (LE) effectively. The clinical course confirmed the excellent effectivity. There were no serious complications despite the serious primary diseases. Volume imbalances, changes of body temperature, precipitations of cryoglobulins, electrolyte disturbances or citrate intoxications were always well controllable thanks to the combination of plasma substitution and dialysis. PMID- 6227163 TI - [Urodynamics. I. Validity, possibilities of examinatio and prerequisities of measurement technics]. PMID- 6227164 TI - [Cultivation and potential use of pulp and periodontal cells from human teeth and tooth germs]. PMID- 6227165 TI - [Disinfection of dental turbines]. PMID- 6227167 TI - [Structural studies of amalgam by scanning electron microscopy and microanalysis]. PMID- 6227166 TI - [Adhesion properties of dental alloys depending on the machining status]. PMID- 6227168 TI - [Objective assessment of color determination in prosthetics]. PMID- 6227169 TI - [Linear coefficient of thermal expansion of tooth-colored dental composite]. PMID- 6227170 TI - [Serovars of nonagglutinating vibrios isolated on the territory of the Uzbek SSR and their role in the development of acute intestinal diseases]. AB - As the result of the serotyping of 1,223 NAG vibrio strains isolated in the Uzbek SSR from the environment and 659 strains isolated from gastroenteritis patients and from vibriocarriers, the serovars of 563 strains (46%) and 420 strains (63%), respectively, were determined. The prevailing serovars were 08, 06, 09, 014, 05, 039, 041, 013, 019 among the strains isolated from the environment and 08, 041, 037, 05, 039, 024, 06 among the strains isolated from humans. The strains belonging to serovars 05, 06, 08, 024, 037, 039, 041 were isolated both from the environment and from humans. The possible role of these strains in the development of acute gastroenteritis and in the formation of vibriocarriership in humans is pointed out. PMID- 6227171 TI - [Characteristics of brucellosis epidemiology in children in the Kazakh SSR]. AB - The analysis of brucellosis morbidity among children in the Kazakh SSR for the last 10 years revealed the following facts. The highest morbidity rate among children was registered in zones with developed sheep breeding. Privately owned agricultural animals, mainly small cattle, proved to be the main source of infection, transferred in most cases through contacts. contacts. The occurrence of brucellosis among children was found to be directly related to their age. Most of the sick children were boys. The pronounced seasonal character of brucellosis morbidity, falling mainly on spring and summer, was observed. In surveying the population for brucellosis the use of a complex of sero-allergic tests permitted the detection of a great number of infected subjects. Most sick children showed a typical picture of acute brucellosis. Treatment resulted in their clinical convalescence., PMID- 6227173 TI - [Various regional features of the clinical picture and epidemiology of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis]. AB - An analysis of the incidence of lateral amyotrophic sclerosis (LAS) in the Samarkand region was carried out on the basis of the archive materials collected by a nervous disease clinic over 50 years (1931-1980). A total of 70 patients had been treated, with a tendency toward an increase in the number of such patients over the last two decades. There was a prevalence of patients from the indigenous population (51) in comparison with the non-indigenous one (19). People over 45 years of age contracted LAS more frequently (38 out of 70). The results of the author's own clinical observation of 23 patients are presented (1971-1980). The cervical-thoracic form of LAS occurred most frequently (18 out of 23) and the bulbar form was the most unfavourable. The need for regular epidemiologic examinations of LAS in the South of the Uzbek SSR is emphasized. PMID- 6227172 TI - [Epidemiology of diphtheria in the RSFSR during mass immunization over many years]. AB - The work defines the characteristic epidemiological features of diphtheria in the RSFSR at the present moment when a high level of antitoxic immunity is generally determined in children. With the diphtheria morbidity level having, on the whole, a sporadic character in the RSFSR, the intensification of the epidemic process has been found to occur in some regions. Changes in the ratio of morbidity rates among the urban and rural population are observed, the morbidity rate among the latter have the tendency towards increase. At present the characteristic feature of diphtheria is the prevalence of adults in the general morbidity structure. An important fact is a permanently high level of toxigenicity in Corynebacterium diphtheriae. As before, autumn is the season of the highest morbidity level. PMID- 6227174 TI - [70th anniversary of the Department of Nervous Diseases of the Saratov Medical Institute]. PMID- 6227175 TI - [Computer-tomographic studies of the brain in neurology (5-year experience with our own studies and short review of the foreign literature)]. PMID- 6227176 TI - [Kiloh-Nevin syndrome]. PMID- 6227177 TI - [Doppler examination]. PMID- 6227178 TI - [Electromyography in diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 6227179 TI - Inhibition-facilitation technique for lumbar pain treatment. PMID- 6227180 TI - [Clinical experiences with calcium bumadizone]. PMID- 6227181 TI - [Physical medicine and rehabilitation. Past, present and future]. PMID- 6227182 TI - [Maximum static efforts in lifting in various body postures]. PMID- 6227183 TI - [The application of transcutaneous nerve stimulation in physical medicine]. PMID- 6227184 TI - [Prostaglandins, smooth muscle and ultraviolet rays]. PMID- 6227186 TI - [Referred pain]. PMID- 6227185 TI - Cervical pain and mobilization. PMID- 6227187 TI - Noninvasive evaluation of diastolic relaxation in primary and secondary left ventricular hypertrophy. PMID- 6227188 TI - [Gas gangrene of the abdominal wall following appendectomy]. AB - Gas gangrene of the abdominal wall after appendicectomy is reported. Discussion evokes etiology and literature review. Penicillin, large excision of necrotic tissues and hyperbaric oxygenotherapy are the basis of the treatment. PMID- 6227189 TI - Subclavian steal-carotid recovery phenomenon. Experience of 7 operated patients. AB - Subclavian steal-carotid recovery phenomenon, which accompanies an occlusion of the brachiocephalic trunk, is a rare cause of transient ischemic attacks. In the actual study, including 7 operated patients, preoperative symptoms, results of directional Doppler ultrasound examinations further evaluated by sonography, angiography, peroperative flowmetry and postoperative outcome are presented and discussed. Fits of vertigo, right-sided blindness and left-sided paralysis were the most common symptoms. Retrograde vertebral artery, antegrade common carotid and supraorbital artery blood flow was found by ultrasound. Analysis of the audio frequency obtained by ultrasound revealed, however, preoperative abnormal flow of the common carotid artery. In 6 patients, angiography revealed retrograde vertebral but antegrade common carotid artery blood flow and in the 7th patient, both vertebral and common carotid artery blood flow was reversed. Peroperative flowmetry revealed increased retrograde blood flow of the vertebral and change from ante- to retrograde flow of the common carotid artery during hyperemia of the right arm. One patient died after 40 days due to sepsis, the focus of which was neither traced clinically nor at autopsy. One patient, who was free of preoperative symptoms, died after 4 years from myocardial infarct. Five patients are alive, 4 are completely free and another improved from the preoperative symptoms after 1-7 years. PMID- 6227191 TI - Effect of cyproterone acetate on glucocorticoid secretion in patients treated for hirsutism. AB - The effect of cyproterone acetate (CA) on adrenal glucocorticoid secretion was studied in 35 women with hirsutism. Patients were treated for 9 months with 100 mg CA orally 10 days each month, administered in reverse sequence with 21 days of a combination oral contraceptive containing 50 micrograms ethinyloestradiol and 2 mg CA. During treatment one patient had a mildly impaired plasma cortisol response to insulin-induced hypoglycaemia and 2 patients showed slight reduction of the plasma cortisol response to ACTH. Responses to metyrapone were normal in all patients tested. Overall, the mean response to these tests was significantly greater during CA treatment compared with pre-treatment measurements, probably due to effects of oestrogen on cortisol-binding globulin. In all patients urinary cortisol excretion remained normal and no patient demonstrated any features of steroid insufficiency. Thus it appears that CA has no untoward effect upon glucocorticoid secretion when given in high dosage for prolonged periods to hirsute women. PMID- 6227190 TI - Progesterone-controlled growth hormone overproduction and naturally occurring canine diabetes and acromegaly. AB - Female pet dogs exhibiting either glucose intolerance alone or glucose intolerance and acromegaly were investigated. Some dogs developed the disorder(s) during dioestrus and some animals developed the disorder(s) after they were given medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA). Elevated fasting plasma glucose levels (12.3 +/- 1.9 mM, mean +/- SEM) were accompanied by fasting hyperinsulinaemia (144 +/- 21 microU/ml, mean +/- SEM) and drastic elevation of plasma growth hormone (GH) levels (112.6 +/- 45 ng/ml, mean +/- SEM). An iv glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) performed on all dogs revealed non-suppressibility of GH levels and glucose intolerance. Plasma concentrations of glucose, insulin and GH during IVGTT in affected dogs differed significantly from the concentrations measured in normal dogs during the same test. MPA withdrawal and/or ovariohysterectomy (OVx-HYx) in affected animals was followed by reversal of GH levels to normal and improved glucose tolerance. Acromegaly associated soft tissue changes were also reversible after MPA withdrawal and/or OVx-HYx when GH levels had dropped. In 5 dogs which had developed diabetes during dioestrus and in which a spontaneous decrease in plasma progesterone occurred during the investigation a concomittant decrease in GH levels was observed. Plasma GH measured at different stages of pregnancy in 45 dogs was found to be elevated in one animal only. The results show that the development of spontaneous diabetes/acromegaly occurring in some female dogs is related to progestagen (progesterone/MPA) exposure and that reversal of the signs is achieved by progesterone/MPA withdrawal. The results suggest that diabetes/acromegaly in the dogs studied was caused by progesterone/MPA-evoked GH elevation. Finally, the findings also suggest that the GH axis normally not appreciably responsive to progestagen exposure in some dogs becomes and/or is paradoxically controlled by physiologic levels of endogenous progesterone or low doses of MPA. PMID- 6227192 TI - Mechanism of serotonin effects on prolactin and growth hormone secretion in domestic fowl. AB - Brain serotonin levels were increased in immature chickens by ip injection of pargyline (75 mg/kg) and clorgyline (5 mg/kg) and by L-tryptophan (100 mg/kg) and imipramine (10 mg/kg) treatment. These treatments increased the circulating prolactin level and reduced the concentration of plasma growth hormone (GH). Treatment with para-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA, 100 mg/kg) reduced the brain serotonin content and the level of plasma prolactin. Treatment with these drugs in vivo similarly affected the basal level of prolactin release from pituitary glands in vitro, although it did not affect the basal level of GH release. The in vitro responsiveness of the pituitary gland to hypothalamic stimuli eliciting prolactin secretion was increased by in vivo pargyline and combined tryptophan: imipramine treatment but reduced by PCPA administration. The in vitro GH response to hypothalamic stimulation was reduced after the in vivo injection of pargyline, clorgyline and tryptophan: imipramine. The hypothalami from clorgyline and tryptophan: imipramine treated birds induced a greater stimulation of in vitro prolactin secretion from control pituitary glands than hypothalami from controls birds, whereas the GH releasing activity was reduced. These results suggest that serotonin stimulates prolactin secretion in chickens by increasing pituitary responsiveness to hypothalamic releasing factors and by increasing the prolactin releasing activity of the hypothalamus. Serotonin appears to suppress GH secretion by reducing pituitary sensitivity to releasing factors and by reducing hypothalamic GH releasing activity. PMID- 6227193 TI - Synthetic [Asu1,7] eel calcitonin increases phosphorus content in the hepatic mitochondria of rats. AB - The change of subcellular phosphorus content in the liver was investigated after a single sc administration of synthetic [Asu1,7] eel calcitonin (CT) to fed rats. Administration of CT (80 MRC mU/100 g body weight) produced a significant increase in phosphorus content in the mitochondrial fraction, while this increase was not observed in fractions containing plasma membrane, nuclei, microsomes and cytosol. A significant increase in the mitochondrial phosphorus content was observed even at the lowest dose of CT (40 MRC mU/100 g body weight). A single ip administration of 2,4-dinitrophenol (0.1 mg/100 g body weight), an inhibitor of oxidative phosphorylation, did not prevent significant increases in phosphorus contents of the homogenate and the mitochondria caused by administration of CT (80 MRC mU/100 g body weight), although the drug markedly inhibited ATPase activity in the mitochondria. Administration of CT did not produce a significant alteration in the mictochondrial ATPase activity. These results suggest that phosphorus taken up by the liver cells after CT administration is largely located in the mitochondria, and that this increase is not related to oxidative phosphorylation. Presumably the hepatic mitochondria play a role in the storage of intracellular phosphorus increased by CT. PMID- 6227195 TI - Neoplastic lymphocytes of T-cell lymphoma: functional analyses and surface markers. PMID- 6227194 TI - Red cell membrane abnormalities as pathogenesis of microcytosis in patients with iron deficiency. PMID- 6227196 TI - Expression of beta-hexosaminidase isozymes in peripheral lymphocytes from patients with aplastic anemia. PMID- 6227197 TI - Recovery after general anaesthesia for laparoscopy. AB - Recovery after two methods of light general anaesthesia for gynaecological laparoscopy was studied. For this purpose, 30 patients were divided into two equal groups (A and B). The patients in group A were anaesthetized with thiopentone, fentanyl and suxamethonium infusion, while the patients in group B received inhalation anaesthesia with enflurane and suxamethonium infusion. Both groups were normoventilated with nitrous-oxide and oxygen mixture. A battery of recovery tests was applied in the recovery room. The patients who received inhalation anaesthesia with enflurane scored better in the recovery tests, and reached preoperative values after 3 h in the recovery room. Inhalation anaesthesia with enflurane was accepted well by the patients and provided good working conditions for the surgeons. It is suitable for outpatient gynaecological laparoscopy because it ensures rapid recovery. PMID- 6227198 TI - Epicutaneous application of A2358 compresses containing ketocaine for pain relief in labor. A multicenter double-blind trial. AB - In the present multicenter trial 147 primigravidae were treated for low-back pain during the first stage of labor. 72 parturients were treated with A2358 compresses containing ketocaine, which were applied to the sacral lower-back region for one hour, 75 parturients were treated identically with compresses without the anesthetic drug. The pain relieving effect was almost the same in both treatment groups. The low-back pain was alleviated in about half of the mothers at 0.5, 10 and 1.5 hours after the application of both A2358 or control compresses. Supplementary analgesics had to be administered in about 60% of the parturients in both groups. The results show that factors other than ketocaine are involved in pain relief after application of A2358 compresses. PMID- 6227199 TI - Immunohistological study of tonsil. Distribution of T cell subsets. AB - Employing a series of monoclonal antibodies directed against T cell subsets and the ABC (avidin-biotin complex) method as the immunoperoxidase technique, we studied the distribution of T cell subsets in frozen tissue sections of tonsils in 8 cases with various tonsillar lesions. Anti-Leu 1 and anti-Leu 4 antibodies, which react with all peripheral T cells, stained a majority of interfollicular cells and mononuclear cells in the lymphoepithelial symbiosis (LES). Approximately 80% of Leu 1+ and Leu 4+ cells were reactive with anti-Leu 3a antibody, which defines the helper/inducer T cell subset. Small lymphocytes in the mantle zone of the tonsillar follicle had IgD and IgM on their surface, whereas the cells in the germinal center showed membrane and/or cytoplasmic staining with anti-IgM serum. In addition, Leu 3a+ cells were found in the germinal center, especially on the capsular side showing a linear distribution. On the other hand, anti-Leu 2a antibody, which defines the suppressor/cytotoxic T cell subset, stained only a minority of lymphocytes in the interfollicular area and in the LES. Leu 2a+ cells were rarely found in the germinal centers. Anti-HLA DR-positive cells were found with two types of staining pattern, i.e., with membrane staining found in the small lymphocytes in the mantle zone and the germinal center and with membrane and/or cytoplasmic staining found in large cells with dendritic processes in the germinal center, in the LES, and in the interfollicular areas. These findings demonstrate the presence of intimate cellular interactions in T cells, B cells, and macrophages in the tonsil, and indicate that immunohistological study of the tonsil may provide new insights into the pathogenesis of tonsillar lesions. PMID- 6227200 TI - Benign premature adrenarche: clinical features and serum steroid levels. AB - 18 girls with premature adrenarche were evaluated both clinically and by serum steroid measurements. Age at first appearance of the symptoms ranged from 3.0 to 7.8 years. Clinical findings included pubic or axillary hair, acne, accelerated growth, adult-type perspiration and oily skin or hair. Bone age was 0.3-3.2 years ahead of chronological age. 15 of these 18 girls had accelerated growth and most of these already before the appearance of pubic hair. Five girls had severe acne requiring topical treatment. Serum dehydroepiandrosterone was elevated for age in all patients. Androstenedione and testosterone correlated positively with the dehydroepiandrosterone values. Dihydrotestosterone was also elevated in many girls. Administration of dexamethasone brought about a rapid normalization of the elevated steroid levels. PMID- 6227201 TI - Irradiated autologous T cells restore the in vitro responsiveness of PWM activated peripheral blood lymphocytes from splenectomized individuals. AB - The in vitro immunoglobulin (Ig) secretion of pokeweed mitogen (PWM)-activated peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) from individuals splenectomized post-trauma was monitored with a protein A plaque-forming cell (PFC) assay. Cultures of unfractionated as well as reconstituted cultures of isolated erythrocyte rosette forming (E-RFC)-positive (T lymphocytes) and E-RFC-negative (B lymphocytes) cells were established. Using unfractionated cells, the response was substantially reduced or absent, whereas cultures of autologous untreated B and 2000 rads irradiated T cells restored the response to normal levels. Normal T cells were not able to stimulate patients' B cells to Ig-secretion and patients' untreated T cells did not induce plaque formation in normal B cells, whereas irradiated patients' T cells induced development of approximately 50% of the response induced by normal irradiated T cells. These results indicate that the immunological defect in splenectomized individuals is not merely restricted to a high level of radiosensitive T cell suppression but also involves an impaired B cell function and T/B cell cooperation. PMID- 6227202 TI - A continued evaluation of the experimental conditions of a Con A-induced suppressor test system. AB - As shown previously, the suppressor activity measured by the Con A mixed lymphocyte culture assay exhibited a pronounced dependence on the technical parameters. In the present study it is shown that the length of the suppressor generation period, between 24 and 96 hours, had only a modest influence on the suppressor activity. However, when the activity in the responder system was high, there seemed to be a trend towards a slight increase of the suppressor level using a long generation period, i.e. 72 to 96 hours. An increase of the suppressor cell/responder cell ratio from 1/10 to 1/2 was followed by a rising suppressor level; a further increase of the ratio had no significant influence on the suppressor activity. A decrease of the ratio below 1/10 showed variable results: stimulation, no effect and suppressor activity. This variability might be due to technical reasons. DNA-synthesis was not necessary for the mechanisms involved in the Con A-elicited suppressor activity. No suppressor activity was obtained by Con A treatment of cells other than peripheral blood mononuclear cells, viz. autologous erythrocytes, allogeneic fibroblasts and allogeneic osteogenic sarcoma cells. PMID- 6227203 TI - Cardiovascular effects of zimelidine and tricyclic antidepressants in conscious rats. AB - Blood pressure, heart rate and electrocardiograms were recorded in conscious rats during intravenous injections of consecutively increasing doses of zimelidine, amitriptyline, clomipramine, desipramine and imipramine. The tricyclic antidepressants (TCA's) increased blood pressure from low doses and induced shortlasting decreases in blood pressure at higher doses. Heart rate was initially increased by amitriptyline while the other TCA's tended to decrease heart rate dose-dependently. The TCA's prolonged the QRS and QT intervals dose dependently from low doses and the PR interval from intermediate doses. Zimelidine did not affect blood pressure or heart rate until high doses were given. The PR interval was not affected by zimelidine. Moderate to high doses of zimelidine prolonged the QT length and high doses widened the QRS complex. The results indicate a good cardiovascular tolerance for zimelidine. PMID- 6227204 TI - Toxicological studies on zimeldine. PMID- 6227206 TI - Participation of granulocytes in in vitro regulation of suppressor cell activity. AB - In in vitro investigations factors were found in the specific granules of peripheral blood granulocytes of healthy subjects, which inhibited the induction of non-specific suppressor cells (S cells) in doses of 10 and 25 micrograms per 1 ml (1 X 10(6) cells) of 48-hour culture. In two-stage culture the S cells decreased the proliferation of responder lymphocytes (R cells) stimulated with Con A and pokeweed mitogen (PWM) by 56.8 +/- 2.4 per cent and 19.7 +/- 5.9 per cent, respectively. The above mentioned granulocyte factors (GF) caused a statistically significant reduction of S cell activity (p less than 0.01) or even its complete inhibition, depending on the mitogen stimulating the R cells (this inhibition was greater after stimulation of lymphocytes by PWM). Inactivation of proteolytic enzymes with di-isopropylfluorophosphate (DFP) failed to decrease the biological activity of these factors, which are released from the granulocytes after 30 minutes of granulocyte adherence to Petri dishes. Lymphocyte culture in a medium containing the supernatant from a culture of 1 X 10(6)/ml adherent granulocytes demonstrated increased proliferation of these lymphocytes and reduced activity of suppressor cells. On the other hand, an increase in the number of adherent granulocytes to 5 X 10(6)/ml of the medium produced a reverse effect: impairment of the proliferative response and enhancement of the activity of S cells. PMID- 6227205 TI - Effect of antibodies to light meromyosin on glycerinated muscle fibres and on actomyosin adenosinetriphosphatases. AB - The conformation change of light meromyosin influences the myosin and actin interaction, the myosin ATPase activity [22]. Starting from these data the specificity of the phenomenon has been investigated. The effect of LMM1, LMM- and LMM1-antibodies was studied on the isometric tension and relaxation of glycerol extracted muscle fibres. LMM1 was found to relax the fibres isometrically contracted by ATP-Ca2+; anti-LMM and anti-LMM1 markedly accelerated the development of isometric tension and inhibited the relaxation of ATP contracted glycerinated muscle fibres; in the presence of anti-LMM the ATPase rate of glycerinated myofibrils was slightly augmented. These results seem to indicate that LMM1 governs the actin binding site function of myosin and controls its affinity to actin. It is supposed that the reaction of myofibrils with specific LMM antibodies induced a transconformation in the myosin head increasing the affinity to actin of myosin. PMID- 6227208 TI - The relation between cardiac hypertrophy and hypertension. AB - Left ventricular mass determined echocardiographically was related to blood pressure in a stratified random sample (n = 120) of 49-year-old men selected from a blood pressure screening and covering a wide range of blood pressures. Only subjects not on antihypertensive treatment were studied. Left ventricular mass was also related to sympathetic activity, the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and glucose metabolism. A poor correlation between left ventricular mass and blood pressure was found in the entire study group. In the upper blood pressure range only blood pressure during isometric exercise was significantly correlated with left ventricular mass. In this range there were significant correlations between left ventricular mass and 24 hour urinary noradrenaline excretion and plasma aldosterone. In the intermediate blood pressure range there was an association between left ventricular mass and blood glucose and plasma insulin. It is concluded that in mild to moderate hypertension other factors probably modify the hypertrophic response to rising arterial pressure. PMID- 6227207 TI - Androgens and personality in normal men and men operated for hypospadias in childhood. AB - Serum levels of LH, FSH, prolactin and androgens were assayed in 33 adult men operated for a penile malformation (hypospadias) in childhood and in 34 matched controls. Two cases of severe hypospadias had signs of hypergonadotrophic hypogonadism. Three moderately severe cases possibly had a central relative androgen receptor insensitivity. Patients had lower levels of 5 alpha dihydrotestosterone in serum, unrelated to the severity of the hypospadias. The hypospadias patients have previously been shown to be more neurotic and inhibited both socially and sexually than the controls, which might be related to defective androgenic functioning. Relations between androgen levels and psychological variables were studied. Low testosterone levels were related to higher hostility scores in Rorschach. Relations between androgens and other personality characteristics could not be shown. PMID- 6227210 TI - Rhinophyma: a thirty-five-year experience. AB - We have treated rhinophyma by a variety of methods during the past 35 years. We describe our current management, which has given the most satisfactory results and fewest problems. PMID- 6227209 TI - Biosynthesis of cellulose. PMID- 6227211 TI - [Oral findings in patients with Mljet disease]. PMID- 6227212 TI - [Oral surgery in patients with hereditary coagulopathies]. PMID- 6227213 TI - [Recent aspects of selected autoantibodies in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and their clinical relevance. I. DNA-binding autoantibodies]. AB - In the present publication a review about today knowledge of genesis, pathogenetic, and at last clinical relevance of DNA-fixing auto-antibodies in systemic lupus erythematosus should be done. The heterogeneity of this special kind of auto-antibodies is discussed. PMID- 6227214 TI - [Recent aspects of selected autoantibodies in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and their clinical relevance. II. Antibodies against histone, Sm, Ro and La]. AB - Antigen-antibody systems (antigens: histone, Sm, Ro, La) are described. Aspects of diagnosis, differential diagnosis, and monitoring in SLE are especially considered. Their relevance in view of SLE-subclassification is discussed. Antibodies directed against histone and Sm, and--with some restriction--against Ro/La also are valuable tools in immunological characterization of SLE. Antibodies against La have only in association with anti-Ro-antibodies prognostic importance. PMID- 6227215 TI - Comparison of acetylcholine sensitivity in asthmatics with negative and positive response to exercise. AB - Airways response to inhaled acetylcholine was studied in asthmatic patients with negative and positive response to exercise. The respiratory threshold of acetylcholine proved to be lower in exercise-responders. Mean value of the bronchoconstrictive dose of acetylcholine was found 72 +/- 78 micrograms in patients with positive, while 510 +/- 360 micrograms in those with negative response to exercise challenge. Our data seem to confirm previous hypotheses, i.e. that exercise-induced asthma is a phenomenon dependent on two factors: mediators generated during exercise (histamine, catecholamines, neutrophil chemotactic factor) and a vagal response from the bronchi. PMID- 6227217 TI - Depressed macrophage functions at temperatures below 37 degrees C. AB - Immunobiological properties of guinea pig and human peritoneal macrophages were studied at temperatures ranging from 25 degrees C to 37 degrees C. Glass adherence, random migration, response to MIF and killing of Salmonella typhimurium and Saccharomyces cerevesiae by guinea pig macrophages were decreased with temperatures below 37 degrees C. Killing of Sacch. cerevesiae by human macrophages was also reduced at temperatures less than 37 degrees C. Acid phosphatase and beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase (NAG) activity assayed at 37 degrees C did not change when the cells were preincubated for 1 and 5 hours at various temperatures. Impaired macrophage function with subnormal temperatures may contribute to enhanced susceptibility to infection of patients with chronic diseases such as renal failure and cirrhosis. PMID- 6227216 TI - Chronic liver disease and autoantibodies to the Tamm-Horsfall protein. AB - Serum levels of immunoglobulin class specific antibodies to Tamm-Horsfall protein (TH) were studied in 25 patients with various liver diseases. Increased levels of TH-IgA antibodies were common in different types of liver disease, whereas high TH-IgM concentrations were observed only in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis or chronic active hepatitis. The occurrence of high concentrations of TH antibodies was not related to the occurrence of renal tubular acidosis detected by an acidification test, but the elevation of TH-IgA was significantly correlated to high levels of total serum IgA. An indirect immunofluorescence method did not demonstrate any cross-reaction between TH and liver tissue. PMID- 6227218 TI - [The PWM model of immunoglobulin synthesis capability of human peripheral blood lymphocytes. I. Fluorescence optical detection of cytoplasmic immunoglobulins]. AB - We present an uncomplicated method for valuing the immunoglobulin synthesis of human peripheral blood lymphocytes using the PWM model. The detection of cytoplasmic immunoglobulins was performed by immunofluorescence. We found the following values at normal persons (n = 36): 23,3 +/- 2,8% [cIg]+-cells after PWM stimulation, 5,2 +/- 2,4% after cultivation for 7 days without PWM stimulation and less than 1% without cultivation and mitogenic challenge. Possibilities of application were discussed. PMID- 6227220 TI - DEAFNET--the word's getting around: local implementation of telecommunications networks for deaf users. PMID- 6227219 TI - The use of microcomputer technology in assessing and training communication skills of young hearing-impaired children. PMID- 6227221 TI - Real-time transliteration of speech into print for hearing-impaired students in regular classes. PMID- 6227222 TI - SpecialNet: instant information/communication. PMID- 6227223 TI - Real-time closed-captioned television as an educational tool. PMID- 6227224 TI - Abnormal diastolic left ventricular posterior wall motion in left ventricular hypertrophy. AB - The left ventricular pressure-volume relationship is abnormal in left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH). As a result, the left atrium empties more slowly than normal during the rapid filling phase of diastole, producing a characteristic abnormality of diastolic aortic root motion. In order to determine whether this altered LV filling is accompanied by a derangement of diastolic LV wall motion which might be useful in identifying the presence of altered chamber compliance, the M-mode echocardiograms of 60 patients with LVH secondary to aortic stenosis, hypertrophic subaortic stenosis, or hypertension, and those of 36 normal individuals were evaluated. Patients with LVH demonstrated abnormal LV posterior wall motion manifested by prolonged phases of rapid ventricular filling and atrial contraction (p less than 0.01 and p less than 0.05, respectively). The early diastolic wall motion abnormality can be readily detected by visual inspection of the echocardiogram. These findings support the concept of diastolic dysfunction in LVH and represent another echocardiographic feature of that condition. PMID- 6227225 TI - Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty with and without thrombolytic therapy for treatment of acute myocardial infarction. AB - Successful percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) was performed during evolving acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in 41 patients. Catheterization was performed within 1 hour of presentation, from 1 to 12 hours (mean 3.3) following symptom onset. In 17 of 29 patients with a totally occluded coronary artery, successful thrombolytic therapy was followed by PTCA of a residual high grade atheromatous stenosis. Successful PTCA without prior thrombolytic therapy was employed in 11 of 12 subtotal coronary stenoses producing acute infarction syndromes and in two patients having critical coronary stenoses not immediately responsible for AMI. Three patients experienced early in-hospital reocclusion with reinfarction. One death occurred in a patient presenting with cardiogenic shock. All remaining patients had prompt pain relief, subsequent stable clinical courses, and no clinical or late angiographic evidence of coronary reocclusion. Dramatic improvement of regional and global left ventricular function was evident in 22 of 27 patients undergoing late left ventricular angiography. At follow-up, 94% of patients remained free of angina although three required repeat dilatation of recurrent stenoses. We concluded that PTCA may be performed with or without thrombolytic therapy in selected patients with AMI and may reduce the likelihood of late reocclusion following successful thrombolytic therapy. PMID- 6227226 TI - Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty in patients with stable and unstable angina pectoris: analysis of early and late results. AB - Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) was performed in 50 patients with stable and in 50 patients with unstable angina pectoris, each patient showing an isolated stenosis of more than 80% of the cross-sectional area of a single coronary artery. The technical success rate was 66% in the stable groups (26 of 37 patients [70%] with left anterior descending artery [LAD], 7 of 12 patients [58%] with right coronary artery [RCA]) and 74% in the unstable group (27 of 34 patients [79%] with LAD, 10 of 15 patients [67%] with (RCA). The increase in stenotic area in the unstable group exceeding that in the stable group for LAD stenoses (41.5 +/- 15.1% vs 32.3 +/- 14.5%, p less than 0.03), while in RCA stenoses the results in the stable group were better (45.1 +/- 17.6% vs 32.7 +/- 12.3%, n.s.). One acute vessel occlusion necessitating an emergency bypass operation occurred in each group (2%). The patient in the stable group died (total mortality rate 1%). Sixty-three of the successfully treated patients were routinely restudied 6 months later. According to clinical symptoms, 23% of the stable and 36% of the unstable group were in functional classes III and IV. From the anatomical viewpoint, a restenosis (greater than 85%) was found in 17% of the stable and in 24% of the unstable group. A further spontaneous decrease (greater than 10%) of the vessel obstruction was found in 47% of the stable group and in 12% of the unstable group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6227227 TI - Follow-up of patients from the coronary artery surgery study (CASS) potentially suitable for percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. AB - To determine the proper place for percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) among the therapeutic options available for patients with coronary heart disease, one must compare the results of PTCA with those obtained by conventional medical and surgical therapy. To develop a cohort comparison group, we interrogated the Coronary Artery Surgery Study (CASS) registry, and patients with proximal discrete subtotal stenosis (70% to 99%) involving the right, left anterior descending, circumflex, or left main coronary artery, singly or with stenoses in two of the three major coronary arteries, were selected; 796 patients (3.7% of all patients enrolled in CASS from 1975 to 1979) met these selection criteria. Surgical therapy was chosen in 53.3%; surgical mortality was low and there was excellent 4-year actuarial survival. There was significant improvement in functional class. Survival was also excellent in medically treated patients. Medically treated patients also had significant improvement in functional class in comparison with baseline values. The data presented here characterize a cohort group against which the clinical results of PTCA can be evaluated and compared. PMID- 6227228 TI - Profile of trimazosin: an effective and safe antihypertensive agent. AB - Trimazosin, a selective alpha-1-adrenoceptor-blocking agent, has been extensively evaluated in over 1000 patients. In hypertensive patients, reduction in elevated blood pressure in both supine and standing positions, consequent to a reduction in systemic vascular resistance, persisted in long-term therapy. Progression of hypertension target organ damage did not occur. Improvement in blood lipids with decreased total serum cholesterol was noted in long-term therapy. In long-term studies, 74% of patients responded at a trimazosin dose of 300 mg/day or less; the maximum dose was 300 mg/day or less in 52% of patients and 200 mg/day or less in 36%. Most patients received twice a day therapy. The side effect profile of trimazosin was comparable to placebo and significantly better than that of either methyldopa or propranolol. Concomitant disease or therapy did not adversely affect the trimazosin safety profile. Hematology, clinical chemistry, and urinary parameters did not indicate deleterious effects. Because of its excellent safety and toleration profile, trimazosin may be particularly suitable in first-line therapy of patients with mild or moderate hypertension. PMID- 6227229 TI - Delayed coronary occlusion after successful percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty: association with exercise testing. PMID- 6227230 TI - Differences in muscle spindle structure between pigeon muscles used in aerial and terrestrial locomotion. AB - Muscle spindle density (number of spindles per gram of muscle) of all 29 muscles of the forearm and leg of the domestic pigeon was evaluated by counting receptors in van Gieson-stained serial cross sections. Extra- and intra-fusal fiber-type profiles were determined from histochemical preparations. Muscles of the leg had on the average significantly more avian slow-twitch oxidative extrafusal fibers (22.5 vs. 0.8%) and slower contraction times than muscles of the forearm, but fiber-type profiles and gross actions of muscles showed no consistent relation to the relative abundance of receptors. Differences in intrafusal fiber-type composition among spindles were sought because of their potential effect on the quality of the afferent discharge. The number of intrafusal fibers per spindle was on the average significantly less (4.57 vs 5.99) in the muscles of the leg than in those of the forearm; and of spindles with the same number of intrafusal fibers, those in the leg had smaller periaxial spaces. Distribution of intrafusal fiber types identified with the myofibrillar adenosine triphosphatase reaction differed among spindles of varying sizes. An acid- and alkali-labile type occurred most frequently (P = 0.05) in spindles with one to three intrafusal fibers, and an acid-labile and alkali-stable type was most often seen (P = 0.05) in spindles with 4 to 7 intrafusal fibers. The smaller receptors were more abundant in the leg, while the larger ones were about equally distributed between the two extremities. Muscle fibers with dimensions that sometimes approached small extrafusal fibers were present in about 3% of the axial bundles examined, most of them in the forearm. The selective morphological variation of avian muscle spindles may represent the structural basis for qualitatively different afferent discharges that relate to the characteristic types of locomotion served by the two extremities. PMID- 6227231 TI - Evaluation of the BACTEC resin blood-culture medium. AB - A study to determine the value of the BACTEC resin-containing medium, 16B, used in conjunction with radiometric detection of bacteremia using three media was conducted. During a six-month period, 2,104 blood-culture sets consisting of the four media (6B, 7C, 8B, and 16B) were collected. There were 158 significant positive cultures (excluding contaminants) that yielded 168 pathogenic isolates. The data were divided into two patient groups: patients receiving antibiotics and patients not receiving antibiotics. In contrast to previous studies, there was no significant difference in the detection rate of significant positive cultures by the different media in either group of patients. However, in patients receiving antimicrobial therapy, 41 of 55 significant positive cultures (74.5%) were detected by 16B medium, while 34 of 55 (61.8%) were detected by 6B medium. Although this difference is not statistically significant, this trend suggests that 16B medium may be useful in these patients. However, the isolation rate of significant positive cultures is the same for the resin medium and the hypertonic aerobic medium for both groups of patients. Thus, it is possible that the hypertonic medium is as efficacious as resin-containing media in blood culturing. PMID- 6227232 TI - Spouse versus other family caregivers: psychological impact on impaired aged. AB - This correlational study examined negative affect among impaired aged who live with and receive care from either a spouse or a younger relative. Covariance analyses, controlling for group differences in age, health, and functional disability, soundly disconfirmed hypotheses that spouses' care would prove less stressful than would that of children. In fact, the reverse obtained for measures of number of expressed worries, negative affect toward caregivers, and perceptions of both negative affect and negative behavior of caregivers toward elderly respondents. The two care groups did not, however, differ in self-rated depression or in feelings of dependency upon care providers. Examination of social support indices revealed that Spouse and Other care groups differed only in number of other household residents who assist with health care activities; this variable was, however, unrelated to affect measures. Results are discussed in terms of differential stressors upon aged couples in contrast with recipients of second-generation relatives' assistance, and of kinship factors which may influence elders' perceptions and affect. PMID- 6227233 TI - Survival of low-birth-weight infants with neonatal intraventricular hemorrhage. Outcome in the preschool years. AB - Twenty-nine low-birth-weight infants who survived neonatal intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) were followed up prospectively and were last examined at a mean age of 3 1/2 years. The mean gestational age (+/- SD) of the group was 28.9 weeks (+/- 2.4 weeks), and the mean birth weight (+/- SD) was 1,167 g (+/- 292 g). Ten patients (34%) had normal neurologic outcome, and four (14%) had minimal abnormalities. Nine children (31%) were categorized as moderately abnormal, and six (21%) had severe abnormalities on neurologic examination. Intellectual performance was normal for 14 patients (48%), mildly delayed for seven (24%), and in the retarded range for eight (28%). Twelve children (41%), at 3 years of age, had handicapping conditions severe enough to warrant admission to special education programs in the public school. The grade of IVH was related significantly to neurologic outcome; both grade of hemorrhage and birth weight were correlated significantly with need for special education. Intellectual performance was related not only to grade of hemorrhage and birth weight, but also to paternal social class. PMID- 6227234 TI - Pathophysiology of essential hypertension. Role of the autonomic nervous system. AB - The participation of the autonomic nervous system in hypertension is not restricted to increased cardiac action and peripheral vasoconstriction during periods of stress. The three major systems that are particularly involved in hypertension, the heart, brain, and kidneys, are interrelated in a multifaceted way by which all of them inform, interfere, and influence one another. The autonomic nervous system will play an important role in most types of hypertension whether these are volume-dependent, cardiogenically mediated, or related to stimulation of the renin-angiotensin system. PMID- 6227235 TI - Side effect and safety data for fenbufen. AB - The overall safety pattern of fenbufen has been evaluated in a total of 2,667 patients: 1,667 of them in domestic clinical studies and 1,000 in foreign pivotal studies. Comparisons of several hundred patients--each receiving aspirin, indomethacin, and placebo--were made. Detailed analysis of all reported adverse effects demonstrated that fenbufen is a relatively safe nonsteroidal anti inflammatory drug. The incidence and severity of adverse gastrointestinal experiences in patients treated with fenbufen were less than those in patients treated with either aspirin or indomethacin. Life-table analysis showed that during the first three months of therapy, the overall incidence and severity of gastrointestinal reactions due to fenbufen therapy were similar to those observed with placebo therapy. Cutaneous disorders were reported in more fenbufen- than placebo-treated patients during the first month of therapy, thereafter, the incidence was the same. Clinical laboratory results were evaluated in the 1,667 patients who received fenbufen in domestic studies. Elevations of alkaline phosphatase and serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase levels, occurred occasionally with eosinophilia, particularly during the first four weeks of therapy with fenbufen. In the majority of cases, however, these abnormal values returned to normal or near-normal values with continuance of fenbufen therapy. No cases of drug-related jaundice have been reported either in clinical trials or from countries where fenbufen is marketed. No clinically significant changes were observed in other laboratory parameters including total bilirubin, blood urea nitrogen, white blood cell count, platelets, hematocrit, hemoglobin, and stool occult blood. In summary, fenbufen was well tolerated and provides a good therapeutic ratio, particularly in respect to gastrointestinal intolerance. PMID- 6227236 TI - T cell subsets and cellular immunity in end-stage renal disease. AB - The T lymphocyte population was studied by immunofluorescent staining with monoclonal antibodies and laser flow cytometry in the blood of 50 patients with end-stage renal disease undergoing long-term maintenance intermittent hemodialysis. The absolute number of T cells was lower in patients receiving dialysis for more than one year (p less than 0.001), as was the absolute count of helper T cells (p less than 0.005). In patients under 30 years of age, the absolute number of helper T cells was markedly reduced, whereas the number of suppressor/cytotoxic T lymphocytes was not changed. In patients between the ages of 30 and 60 years, both helper and suppressor cells were significantly reduced. In patients over 60 years of age, only the number of helper T cells was reduced. The in vitro response of patients' lymphocytes was reduced both in the mixed lymphocyte reaction (p less than 0.01) and after phytohemagglutinin stimulation (p less than 0.001). Natural killer cytotoxicity of patients' peripheral blood mononuclear cells, however, was unaffected. PMID- 6227237 TI - T lymphocyte abnormalities in disseminated histoplasmosis. AB - Disseminated histoplasmosis is associated with depression of T cell-mediated immunity and in some cases anergy. In this report, two patients with disseminated disease are described. Both had a depression of T cell-mediated immunity as well as other abnormalities of immune response. In one, a patient with relapse, a marked depression in the ratio of T helper to T suppressor cells was noted. Neither patient had any predisposing condition known to be associated with disseminated disease. PMID- 6227238 TI - Origin of nondisjunction in trisomy 21 syndrome: all studies compiled, parental age analysis, and international comparisons. AB - The Q-band polymorphism of chromosome 21 permits assignment of the origin of meiotic nondisjunction by parent and meiotic division in a certain proportion of cases. We have compiled all reports through 1982 (including earlier studies using structural abnormality) and have shown that maternal origin accounts for 80% and paternal origin for 20% of trisomic cases. The ratio of first:second meiotic errors among the maternal cases was 80:20 and 60:40 among the paternal cases. Considering maternal and paternal first and second meiotic errors, we showed no differences of either mean maternal or paternal age, though mean maternal age is about 5 yr higher than that of the general population. Comparison of results of six studies from five countries showed similar frequencies by parent and meiotic division with the possible exception of one study from the northeastern United States. The causative role of simply advancing maternal age in nondisjunction is questioned. PMID- 6227239 TI - Carrier detection in Hunter syndrome. AB - We have studied the carrier state of the Hunter syndrome using a series of obligate carriers, females at high genetic risk, and normal control women. Specific odds of a female being a carrier of Hunter syndrome were based on serum levels of iduronate 2-sulphate sulphatase activity. These, together with the prior genetic odds, may be used in calculating the overall odds of a woman being a carrier. Iduronate 2-sulphate sulphatase levels were found to increase significantly with age. Obligate carriers from families of severe cases had significantly lower enzyme levels compared with those from families of mild cases. In contrast, enzyme levels in sera of mild and severe cases were not significantly different. With the accumulation of more data the effect of age of the potential carrier and the severity of the disease may have to be taken into consideration in the risk calculation. Hair-root analysis was more reliable in the detection of carriers than estimation of serum enzyme levels, but some individuals could not be classified with confidence by hair-root analysis alone. Carrier detection was most reliable when hair-root analysis and serum enzyme levels were taken together. PMID- 6227240 TI - Influence of selected child characteristics on stress in families of handicapped infants. AB - Parents of 31 handicapped infants were interviewed to determine the extent to which specific kinds of behavior and characteristics of the child were related to the stress reported by mothers. Five characteristics were examined: rate of child progress, responsiveness, temperament, repetitive behavior patterns, and the presence of additional or unusual caregiving demands. All characteristics except rate of progress were significantly related to the amount of stress reported. The only demographic characteristic associated with the amount of stress reported was the number of parents in the home. Single mothers reported more stress than mothers in intact homes. PMID- 6227241 TI - Self-preservation ability and residential fire emergencies. AB - Perske's concept of risk from the perspective of fire safety was examined for approximately 46,000 developmentally disabled persons. The National Bureau of Standards measurement of self-preservation ability was used to define individual risk, resulting in the Evacuation Assistance Score. Environmental risk was measured by grouping residences according to fire safety standards described in the National Fire Protection Association's Life Safety Code. Results indicated that: (a) the Evacuation Assistance Score is best thought of as a single variable that measures any risk that might impede a resident's safe evacuation in a fire emergency, (b) the majority of the developmentally disabled individuals receiving services in New York were totally capable of self-preservation, (c) resident demographic characteristics were not strong predictors of Evacuation Assistance Scores, and (d) the match between individual and physical environment risk vulnerability was not strong. PMID- 6227242 TI - Strategy production by young Down syndrome children. AB - A sample of young Down syndrome children was compared with three nonretarded samples, one equated for developmental age, one for language age, and one for ability to delay touching an attractive but prohibited stimulus. Results indicated that Down syndrome children were significantly less able to delay touching than were nonretarded children of similar developmental or language level; in addition, several kinds of within-task strategy behavior were identified that facilitated performance of the nonretarded children. These included turning attention, verbal and nonverbal, away from the stimulus. Implications for assessment were discussed, as were ramifications for the question of "developmental vs. difference" conceptualizations of mental retardation. PMID- 6227243 TI - Relation of selected acoustical parameters and perceptual ratings to voice quality of Down syndrome children. AB - Judges using the Wilson Voice Profile rated the voice quality of 14 noninstitutionalized, 7- to 10-year-old Down syndrome children and a group of nonretarded children. The Down syndrome children received ratings different from the nonretarded children on the Severity subscale of the Wilson Voice Profile. Voice samples were analyzed acoustically in terms of fundamental frequency, fundamental frequency range, frequency and amplitude perturbations, and spectral noise-to-harmonic component ratios. Frequency perturbations, amplitude perturbations, and spectral noise-to-harmonic component ratios were significantly greater for the Down syndrome children. There were also significant correlations between judges' Severity ratings and frequency perturbation levels, amplitude perturbations levels, and spectral noise-to-harmonic component ratios. PMID- 6227244 TI - Effects of nutritional supplementation on IQ and certain other variables associated with Down syndrome. AB - In a double-blind study, 24 Down syndrome children, ages 6 to 17 years living at home, were given a megadose multi-vitamin/mineral supplement for 4 months. A matched group of 23 children received a placebo in identical form. The children's IQ, vision, and visual-motor integration were tested before and after supplementation, and weekly checks were made to monitor behavioral changes. No differences were found on any measures as a result of supplementation. PMID- 6227245 TI - Personal competence of institutionalized adult males with or without Down syndrome. AB - The Personal Competence Profile was administered to 30 male adults with Down syndrome and 30 male adults without Down syndrome matched on age, IQ, and years of institutionalization. Down syndrome subjects rated higher on attention, calmness, and niceness but lower on sensation, language, and boldness. The results were consistent with the classical personality stereotype of Down syndrome and suggest the utility of using personal competence as a framework for studying behavioral aspects of mental retardation. PMID- 6227246 TI - Comparison of sensory integrative therapy and motor programming. AB - The relative effects of individualized sensory integrative therapy vs. small group, gross-motor programs were examined with a group of preschool children with mild to moderate motor delays. Children in the sensory integrative therapy group received one-to-one treatment twice weekly. Children in the motor-programming group received intervention four times weekly in small groups of three to four. Both intervention programs were carried out simultaneously for 17 weeks. No significant between group differences were observed in gross-motor gains on the Peabody Developmental Motor Scales or in sensorimotor gains on the Assessment of Sensory Integration in Preschool Children. Results of this study compared to results of similar previous studies were discussed. PMID- 6227247 TI - Turner's syndrome, 46X, del (X) (p 11), persistent complement activation and membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis. AB - An adolescent girl with short stature and learning disability was found to have an unusual variant of Turner's syndrome, 46X, del (X) (p 11) and an abnormal urinary sediment. Further studies demonstrated persistent depression of C3 and histologic evidence of membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN). The occurrence of MPGN in this case may have been a manifestation of the known tendency for Turner patients to develop immunologic disease. PMID- 6227248 TI - Kappa light chain nephropathy without evidence of myeloma cells. Response to chemotherapy with cessation of maintenance hemodialysis. AB - A rarely diagnosed nodular glomerulopathy is presented arising secondary to kappa light chain deposition and clinically characterized by hypertension, congestive heart failure, massive proteinuria and slowly progressive azotemia. Kappa light chains were detected in the urine, the glomerular nodules, and the basement membranes of both glomeruli and tubules. A malignant proliferation of plasma cells could not be detected. Two morphologic features were unusual: the presence of microaneurysms, and the deposition of immunoglobulin and complement in a similar pattern to the kappa light chains. Noteworthy clinical aspects included the elusiveness of the proper diagnosis, the massive proteinuria in the absence of amyloid deposits, and the remarkable improvement in renal function following intermittent chemotherapy. PMID- 6227249 TI - Nephrotoxicity following single dose mithramycin therapy. AB - Mithramycin given as a single dose for the treatment of hypercalcemia has not been reported to cause renal dysfunction. A case is presented of nephrotoxicity following a single 25 micrograms/kg dose in a patient with underlying squamous cell carcinoma, obstructive uropathy, and hypercalcemia. Underlying renal impairment may magnify the nephrotoxicity of mithramycin. PMID- 6227251 TI - Insulin resistance in polycystic ovary syndrome. AB - Patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCO) who are obese and exhibit acanthosis nigricans have been reported to have insulin resistance. We studied 21 euglycemic, euprolactinemic patients with PCO without acanthosis nigricans. Eleven of these patients were hirsute and the remaining 10 were not. Eight women with chronic anovulation, who were weight matched with the PCO patients, were studied along with the 11 ovulatory control subjects. Compared to control subjects, women with chronic anovulation had similar levels of immunoreactive luteinizing hormone (LH), bioactive LH, 17 beta-estradiol, testosterone (T), and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate but significantly higher fasting immunoreactive insulin levels (p less than 0.05). The nonhirsute patients with PCO had higher immunoreactive insulin levels compared to patients with chronic anovulation and control subjects (p less than 0.05) while hirsute patients with PCO had higher immunoreactive insulin levels than nonhirsute ones (p less than 0.05). There was a significant positive correlation between fasting immunoreactive insulin levels and serum T. Fasting immunoreactive insulin also showed a significant correlation with serum LH and bioactive LH. After receiving 100 gm of oral glucose, hirsute patients with PCO had significantly higher insulin responses compared to those of control subjects despite similar glucose responses. Red blood cell insulin binding sites and receptor affinities were similar in hirsute patients and control subjects. These data suggest that the hyperinsulinemia of patients with PCO may be related, in part, to the elevated LH and androgen levels and may be a postreceptor defect. PMID- 6227250 TI - T-cell subsets in patients with preeclampsia. AB - Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with preeclampsia were enumerated by means of monoclonal anti-T-cell antibodies. The percentage of total T cells was significantly decreased in this group of patients, as compared with normal term pregnant women. The low proportion of T cells was due to a proportional reduction in both helper and suppressor T cells; therefore, the ratio of helper to suppressor T cells was not different from that in normal pregnant women. There was no correlation between the degree of reduction in percentage of T cells and severity of the disease. The absolute numbers of T cells were slightly, but not significantly, decreased. Our findings support previous evidence of reduced, not increased, immune reactivity in preeclampsia. PMID- 6227252 TI - Increased atherosclerosis and glomerulonephritis in cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) given injections of BSA over an extended period of time. AB - A study was conducted to compare the effects of experimental immune complex disease on the development of glomerulonephritis and aortic and coronary artery atherosclerosis. Fourteen adult male macaques (Macaca fascicularis) were fed a mildly atherogenic diet. Ten of these animals were given repeated intravenous injections of bovine serum albumin (BSA), and the remaining 4 were given similar injections of saline. Three of the monkeys given BSA responded with a high antibody titer, 4 with a moderate titer, and 3 with a low level titer to BSA. In all 4 monkeys with the moderate antibody response glomerulonephritis developed, characterized by increased glomerular cellularity, electron-dense deposits in the glomerular capillary basal lamina, and deposits of IgG, IgM, C3, C4, and BSA. Glomerulonephritis was not seen in the other 6 monkeys given BSA or the 4 control monkeys. Aortic lesions seen at necropsy consisted of a few fatty intimal streaks with no differences between test monkeys (given BSA) and control monkeys (given saline). There was no correlation between total serum cholesterol concentration, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration, or BSA antibody levels and the degree of aortic atherosclerosis. Immunochemical stains for immunoglobulins and complement components revealed increased intimal staining when intimal thickness increased. Medial staining for immunoglobulin and complement components appeared to be slightly increased in monkeys with moderately high-level titers of BSA. The extent of atherosclerosis in the coronary arteries of monkeys given BSA was greater than in the control animals. Differences in the extent and severity of the atherosclerotic lesions were most pronounced in the proximal portions of the main coronary arteries, suggesting an increased susceptibility of this site to immune-complex-exacerbated atherosclerosis. In addition to the increased lesion severity in monkeys given BSA, there were numerous granulocytes seen within, attached to, and penetrating into the intima of the coronary lesions. No correlation was seen between the development of glomerulonephritis and either aortic or coronary artery atherosclerosis. PMID- 6227253 TI - Tension and ATPase rate in steady-state contractions of rabbit soleus fiber segments. AB - Steady-state isometric tension and ATPase were studied in hyperpermeable segments of single muscle fibers from rabbit soleus muscle at 22 degrees C. The ATPase activity was due to actomyosin. The ratio of fiber ATPase to tension was used as an index of steady-state cross-bridge kinetics. Increasing the calcium ion concentration from pCa 8 to pCa 5 activated both tension and ATPase. The maximal tension was 1.35 +/- 0.07 kg/cm2. The maximal ATPase was 1.05 +/- 0.13 mumol X g 1. s-1 at pCa 5.2. ATPase activity increased with tension, such that the ratio of ATPase to tension remained constant at all calcium concentrations. In the absence of calcium, increasing the concentration of MgATP from 1 to 7 X 10(-7) M increased tension from zero to a maximum of 0.46 +/- 0.03 kg/cm2. Increasing MgATP concentration further to 1 X 10(-6) M inhibited tension. In the phase of rising tension, ATPase increased proportionally to tension, to 0.11 +/- 0.01 mumol X g-1 X s-1 at maximum tension. However, the ratio of ATPase to tension on the rising phase had a value only one-third of that seen with calcium-activated tension. Thus, low substrate concentrations, but not low calcium ion concentrations, influence cross-bridge kinetics under steady-state isometric conditions, possibly by an increase in the tension-time product during a cross bridge cycle. PMID- 6227254 TI - Aldosterone binding in isolated tubules. III. Autoradiography along the rat nephron. AB - Aldosterone binding was investigated along the nephron of adrenalectomized Wistar rats. Autoradiographs of microdissected tubular segments were performed on dry film after incubation with [3H]aldosterone [( 3H]A) at 2 X 10(-10), 2 X 10(-9), and 2 X 10(-8) M in the presence or absence of an excess unlabeled hormone. Competition studies were done with a 10 times excess A, dexamethasone (D), and estradiol in the presence of 2 X 10(-8) [3H]A. Specific nuclear labeling predominated in the cortical collecting tubule (CCT) and A specificity of the binding was assessed by the much better displacing potency of unlabeled A as compared with D. Labeling in the distal tubule (DCT) resembled that of CCT, but D was nearly as good a competitor as A. In the loop and medullary collecting tubule, labeling was lower, with mixed steroid specificity. No specific nuclear labeling was detectable in the proximal tubule. We conclude that the CCT and DCT present the highest binding capacity for aldosterone. Competition studies revealed that the CCT is probably the more specific mineralocorticoid target segment. In other segments beyond the pars recta (loop of Henle, medullary collecting tubule), aldosterone probably binds to both mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoid binding sites. No major difference appeared between the profile of aldosterone binding along the rat tubule and the one previously described in the rabbit. PMID- 6227255 TI - Quantitative histochemistry of canine cardiac Purkinje fibers. AB - Single canine Purkinje cells were isolated by microdissection and analyzed quantitatively for six enzymes of energy metabolism. Subendocardial Purkinje cells were clearly distinguishable morphologically and biochemically from adjacent myocardium and had enzyme levels comparable with extramural Purkinje cells. Oxidative enzymes, citrate synthase, malate dehydrogenase, and beta hydroxyacyl CoA dehydrogenase were 40-60% lower in Purkinje cells than in myocardium. Lactate dehydrogenase was also 40% lower, but the other glycolytic enzymes, hexokinase and phosphofructokinase, were similar in level in myocardium and Purkinje cells. The results of this study show that it is completely practicable to apply quantitative histochemical analysis to biochemical study of the cardiac conducting system. PMID- 6227256 TI - Reflex cardiovascular responses to chemoreceptor stimulation in conscious dogs with cardiac hypertrophy. AB - Carotid chemoreceptor reflex activation (CCRA) has been previously shown to result in intense alpha-adrenergic peripheral vasoconstriction, a biphasic coronary vascular response characterized by an early vasodilation and a late alpha-adrenergic vasoconstriction, and a cholinergic increase in cardiac cycle length in normal conscious dogs. In the present study, we investigated the extent to which these reflex cardiovascular responses to CCRA are modified after the development of pressure-overload right ventricular (RV) hypertrophy induced by chronic (9-12 mo) pulmonary arterial stenosis. With heart rate constant and respiration allowed to vary spontaneously, the magnitude of the late CCRA-induced (intracarotid nicotine) increase (P less than 0.01) in right coronary resistance was markedly attenuated (P less than 0.01) in conscious dogs with RV hypertrophy [0.29 +/- 0.07 (SE) mmHg X ml-1 X min] compared with normal dogs (1.87 +/- 0.36). When respiration was controlled to eliminate pulmonary inflation reflex activation, the late CCRA-induced increase (P less than 0.01) in right coronary resistance was still found to be depressed (P less than 0.01) in the RV hypertrophy group (1.11 +/- 0.20 mmHg X ml-1 X min) compared with normal dogs (3.65 +/- 0.75). This late CCRA-induced right coronary vasoconstriction was not potentiated by beta-adrenergic receptor blockade but was abolished (P less than 0.01) by alpha-adrenergic receptor blockade. In contrast to the depressed right coronary vasoconstriction, the CCRA-induced alpha-adrenergic constriction (P less than 0.01) of the iliac arterial vascular bed was similar in both groups, and the cholinergic increase (P less than 0.01) in cardiac cycle length was enhanced (P less than 0.01) in the RV hypertrophy group compared with normal dogs.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6227257 TI - Pretransplant predictors in renal transplantation. AB - We have prospectively studied the predictive value of three tests commonly used in transplant units (mixed lymphocyte culture, phytohemagglutinin-induced transformation, and skin testing with recall antigens), and their correlation with rejection and kidney loss. Thirty-five transplant recipients provided complete data for analysis. The results of mixed lymphocyte culture reactivity, phytohemagglutinin-induced transformation, and skin reactivity to recall antigens were similar and did not predict or discriminate between the patients that had few or many rejections, nor between those that kept or lost their allografts. Nonetheless, patients with a very high mixed lymphocyte culture stimulation index (above 3) had higher morbidity and mortality than those with a nonreactive mixed lymphocyte culture. Pretransplant mixed lymphocyte culture may give more important information than nonspecific immunologic tests regarding allograft outcome. PMID- 6227258 TI - Local reaction following atracurium. PMID- 6227259 TI - The reduction of hydroxamic acids with titanium(III) chloride: a tool for the characterization of siderophores. AB - Hydroxamic acid siderophores were observed to be inactivated by exposure to titanium(III) chloride. To study the reaction, a series of eight model hydroxamic acids were prepared and reacted with titanium(III) chloride. The products were shown by ir and NMR comparisons with authentic compounds to be the corresponding amides. The reduction was found to require 2 mol of titanium(III) per mol of hydroxamic acid. PMID- 6227260 TI - Rate of DNA synthesis in exponentially growing cell lines in the presence and absence of antimetabolites. AB - Experimental tumor cell lines were used to show that in the presence of 5 fluorodeoxyuridine (FdUrd), the rate of DNA synthesis remains unaltered as long as a saturating concentration of thymidine is present. This unimpeded rate of DNA synthesis in combination with FdUrd-blocked de novo thymidylate synthesis makes it possible to accurately measure the total rate of increase of DNA using tritiated thymidine of known specific activity. The observed amount of incorporated tritiated thymidine is in excellent agreement with the calculated theoretical maximal incorporation in cultures with exponentially increasing DNA and cell number. PMID- 6227261 TI - Colorimetric determination of catechol siderophores in microbial cultures. AB - A highly sensitive spectrophotometric method for the selective detection of catechol compounds such as catechol siderophores (e.g., enterobactin) is described. The basis of the method involves the ability of the vicinal aromatic hydroxyl groups under acidic conditions to bring about a reduction of Fe3+ (from ferric ammonium citrate) to Fe2+. Detection of Fe2+ in the presence of Fe3+ is made with 1,10-phenanthroline under previously established conditions. The assay mixture is heated at 60 degrees C for 1 h to accelerate the development of color which is subsequently measured at 510 nm. The Beer-Lambert law is obeyed over the range of 0.16 to 60 microM 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid. Compared to the Arnow nitration method, the assay is more responsive, is approximately seven times more sensitive, and is effective with catechols substituted at positions 3 and 4. The method gives positive results with catechols such as DL-DOPA, L-dopamine, (+/-) epinephrine, and DL-norepinephrine. Very rapid color development is obtained with ascorbic acid and p-diols, while m-diols are poorly detected. Low degrees of reactivity are shown by hydroxylamino and hydroxamate compounds. Phenolic, sulfydryl, indolyl, and quinonyl derivatives do not interfere with the reaction. The method has been adapted to determine catechol compounds in the culture medium of bacterial cells grown at different iron concentrations. PMID- 6227262 TI - Sequence of plasmin proteolysis at the NH2-terminus of the b beta-chain of human fibrinogen. AB - Employing high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), we have isolated and quantified the peptides that are released from the NH2-terminus of human fibrinogen B beta-chains by plasmin proteolysis. The peptides were identified by amino acid composition and by a radioimmunoassay developed for fibrinopeptide B detection. B beta 1-42 was the earliest fragment released during limited plasmin proteolysis. The level of this peptide reached a maximum and then began to decline during the course of the digestion. In addition, increasing levels of B beta 1-21 and of FPB followed the production of B beta 1-42. Using purified B beta 1-42 as a substrate, preferential cleavage was shown to occur at the 21-22 bond, with a minor cleavage at the 14-15 bond. Exhaustive digestion yielded two major components which were separated by HPLC: B beta 1-14 (FPB) and beta 22-42. The rate of cleavage at the 14-15 bond, which is the customary site of thrombin proteolysis, was not affected by the addition of hirudin indicating that this was not the result of trace contamination with thrombin. We have also examined plasmin proteolysis at the NH2-terminal region of the B beta-chains of a variety of fibrinogen derivatives and have found similar patterns of B beta 1-42 release. Using HPLC data, we have estimated the Km for plasmic cleavage of the beta 21-22 bond to be 1.8 X 10(-5) M and of the beta 14-15 bond to be 2.8 X 10(-5) M.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6227263 TI - Mosaicism of dynein in spermatozoa and cilia and fibrous sheath aberrations in an infertile man. AB - Male patients displaying an immotile or almost immotile sperm population are the object of an interdisciplinary study concerning a ciliary mutant that induces the "Immotile-Cilia Syndrome". Development and function of both sperm flagella and cilia are normally affected because of disturbances of the 9 + 2-arrangement. During this program, clinical, physiological, genetical and ultrastructural investigations were done. The ultrastructure of immotile spermatozoa of an infertile man did not reveal inner and outer dynein arms. Lack of the ATPase dynein which is essential for movement of the 9 + 2-axoneme, is typical for the above syndrome. In addition, symmetry of the fibrous sheath of the spermatozoa was very abnormal. The pneumologist examined normal lung function, where the ultrastructure of the cilia of the nasal mucosa displayed the dynein arms. Analysis of family tree and chromosomes by the geneticist also gave a normal result. As revealed by this infertile patient it seems likely that expression of dynein must not be identical in both germ cells and somatic cells. Such variations are therefore regarded as additional forms of the "Immotile-Cilia syndrome". Asymmetric fibrous sheaths are thought to be a result of immotile spermatid flagella, leading to an abnormal arrangement of the accessory axonemal structures. Normal early spermatid flagella of man and rat show specific movements. PMID- 6227264 TI - The correction of cerebrovascular insufficiency by transluminal dilatation: a preliminary report. AB - Transluminal angioplasty is being extensively utilized to dilate arteriosclerotic lesions. However, this technique has not been widely used for the treatment of cerebrovascular insufficiency. This report describes the application of transluminal angioplasty to relieve cerebral ischemia secondary to extracranial arterial stenosis. A total of 10 patients presented with symptoms of vertebrobasilar insufficiency. Bilateral upper extremity pressures were measured prior to the performance of arteriography on all patients. Significant stenoses were found in the subclavian artery (9) and in the innominate artery (1). Dilating catheters were passed retrograde through surgically exposed brachial and common carotid arteries. Transluminal angioplasty under fluoroscopic control was attempted. Anatomic correction of all lesions was achieved without hemorrhagic or embolic complications. The mean increase in brachial systolic pressure was 38.2 mm Hg postdilatation. Initial symptomatic relief was total in seven patients, partial in two, and absent in one. It is believed that associated small vessel brain stem disease accounted for the less than total relief of symptoms of these three patients. Average follow-up for all patients was 13 months with one recurrent subclavian artery stenosis occurring at three months postangioplasty. Preliminary results suggest that some patients with cerebral ischemia secondary to extracranial arterial stenosis can be treated safely by transluminal angioplasty. PMID- 6227265 TI - Accuracy of precordial palpation for detecting increased left ventricular volume. AB - Objective data on the reliability of precordial palpation in detecting left ventricular enlargement are scarce. Therefore, we evaluated 41 patients by physical examination and two-dimensional echocardiography to determine the relation between the location of the apex and left ventricular end-diastolic volume. An apical impulse lateral to the mid-clavicular line or greater than 10 cm from the mid-sternal line was sensitive but not specific as an indicator of left ventricular enlargement. In patients without left ventricular hypertrophy, an apical diameter greater than 3 cm in the left lateral decubitus was sensitive (92%) and specific (91%) for an enlarged left ventricle. The positive and negative predictive values were 86% and 95% respectively. Therefore, the location of the apical impulse in relation to the mid-clavicular line or the mid-sternal line is not a reliable indicator of increased left ventricular end-diastolic volume. However, an apical impulse greater than 3 cm may be an accurate indicator of left ventricular enlargement. PMID- 6227267 TI - [Facio-oro-kerato-cutaneous malformation syndrome]. PMID- 6227266 TI - NIH conference. Recent advances in chronic granulomatous disease. AB - Chronic granulomatous disease represents a group of disorders of phagocytic cell oxidative metabolism involving recurrent infections with catalase-positive microorganisms and chronic inflammation. Genetic heterogeneity and phagocyte abnormalities, including enzyme deficiencies, abnormal elicited membrane potential changes, abnormal acidification of the phagocytic vacuole, and deficiencies of an electron transport cascade, have been associated with its pathogenesis. In addition, recently we have shown abnormal neutrophil C3b receptor expression, antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, and abnormal microtubule metabolism (tyrosinolation of the alpha-chain of tubulin). Fourteen patients with the disease who were followed at the National Institutes of Health had life-threatening infections, on average, once every 9.6 months. In most of the 119 febrile episodes seen in these patients, no infectious agent was found. Retrospective studies indicated that prophylactic antibiotic therapy, particularly with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, significantly prolonged disease free intervals to greater than 40 months (p less than 0.05). In serious, life threatening infections, leukocyte transfusions have been used in therapy. Transfused leukocytes localize and persist at infectious sites, and the clinical efficacy of leukocyte transfusions has been suggested. PMID- 6227268 TI - The vascular supply to the skin: an anatomical and physiological reappraisal- Part II. AB - The subcutaneous vascular system demonstrated in the first part of this study augments skin flap survival when included within human abdominal flaps. Flaps with larger subcutaneous vessels will survive to a greater length than flaps supplied solely by the subdermal plexus. Knowledge of the subcutaneous vascular system is applicable to breast reduction, subcutaneous mastectomy, and abdominal lipectomy. PMID- 6227270 TI - A proposed simple classification of musculoskeletal pain. PMID- 6227269 TI - Ureteric obstruction after dacron vascular replacement. AB - Ureteric obstruction is a recognised complication of aortic bifurcation grafting where the graft material is in close proximity to the ureter as it crosses the common iliac vessels. We have assessed the value of routine postoperative urography in (1) a retrospective 6-year study of ruptured aortic aneurysm repair (11 patients reviewed) and (2) a prospective 18-month study of all patients receiving intra-abdominal dacron grafts (24 assessable patients) in a district general hospital. Renal function was normal in all cases and only 1 ureter was shown at urography to be minimally dilated but not significantly obstructed out of 32 'at risk' ureters in 18 patients in the 2 studies. This complication is uncommon, and no particular advantage can be demonstrated in positioning the ureters either behind or in front of the graft limbs. There is no place for routine urography which should be reserved for the patient with symptoms of ureteric obstruction. PMID- 6227272 TI - [Breast reconstruction without prosthesis by an abdominal musculocutaneous flap connected to the rectus abdominis]. PMID- 6227271 TI - [Recent progress in cardiovascular therapeutics. Round table]. PMID- 6227273 TI - Chromosomes and neoplasia. AB - Specific chromosome changes are consistently observed in numerous types of neoplasms. These chromosome changes are generally seen only in malignant cells and are not present in somatic cells. Associations of an increased incidence of cancer following exposure to certain chromosome breakage agents, in chromosome instability syndromes, and in patients with gene or constitutional chromosomal imbalances, suggest that chromosomal changes play a role in the etiologies of malignancies. The purpose of this paper is to review briefly chromosomal aberrations in cancer in relation to etiology. Awareness of the probable multiple causes of human cancer and the importance of multidisciplinary collaboration in the investigation of these diseases are essential for a better understanding of this complex group of diseases. PMID- 6227274 TI - Distribution of three red-cell enzyme polymorphisms (ACP, PGM1 and AK) in gypsies from Slovakia (Czechoslovakia). AB - Data are presented on the red cell acid phosphatase (ACP), phosphoglucomutase (PGM1), and adenylate kinase (AK) iso-enzyme distributions in a sample of gypsies (Roms) from Slovakia (Czechoslovakia). The findings of very low Pa (0.289) and PGM11 (0.656) gene frequencies as well as the complete absence of the Pc gene are in accordance with the generally accepted assumption of the Indian origin of European gypsies, and demonstrate that the rate of European admixture in Slovak gypsies is low. The finding of a very high AK1 gene frequency (0.984), on the other hand, contradicts this assumption, but with the limited available data on the iso-enzyme distribution in other gypsy and in Indian populations it cannot readily be explained. PMID- 6227275 TI - Is "subcortical dementia" a recognizable clinical entity? AB - The concept of "subcortical dementia" is controversial, lacking clinical validation and having only a questionable pathological basis. Over 100 patients with Alzheimer's, Parkinson's or Huntington's disease, subdivided into three functional disability stages, were given a brief quantitative neuropsychological assessment. Patients with Huntington's or Parkinson's disease were less intellectually impaired than those with Alzheimer's disease at each functional stage. Criteria for dementia were present in all of the Alzheimer's patients but in only half of the Huntington's and Parkinson's disease groups. Patients with similar overall intellectual function scores had no distinct pattern of neuropsychological test performance. Depression, absent in patients with Alzheimer's disease, was present in half the patients with Huntington's and Parkinson's disease and was correlated with intellectual decline. The concept of subcortical dementia is misleading. The pattern of neuropsychological impairment is not distinct, and the neuropathological basis of dementia in these diseases may result from a combination of cortical and subcortical degeneration. PMID- 6227276 TI - Alzheimer's disease: choline acetyltransferase activity in brain tissue from clinical and pathological subgroups. AB - Choline acetyltransferase activity was measured postmortem in five brain regions to determine if such activity provided biochemical support for clinical and pathological subgrouping of Alzheimer's disease. Seven patients with Alzheimer's disease were divided into groups based on age at onset, severity of neuropathological changes, history of myoclonus, family history of dementia, cerebellar amyloid plaques, and congophilic angiopathy. Thirty-two age-matched normal control subjects and 17 neurological control patients with Huntington's disease were also studied. Patients with early-onset and late-onset Alzheimer's disease did not differ in the clinical duration of their disease. Choline acetyltransferase activity was significantly lower in patients with early-onset Alzheimer's disease than in age-matched control subjects in frontal cortex, temporal cortex, hippocampus, and cerebellum. In contrast, choline acetyltransferase activity in patients with late-onset Alzheimer's disease was significantly lower than in age-matched control subjects only in hippocampus. There was a tendency for choline acetyltransferase activity to be lower in cortex from patients with early-onset Alzheimer's disease compared with cortex from the late-onset group, and this difference was significant in temporal cortex. Choline acetyltransferase activity was also measured in the substantia innominata from 9 patients with Alzheimer's disease and 5 age-matched control subjects. Subjects with early-onset Alzheimer's disease had significantly lower choline acetyltransferase activity in substantia innominata than did control subjects. Patients with Alzheimer's disease and a history of myoclonus had significantly lower choline acetyltransferase activity than did affected patients without myoclonus. Multivariate regression analysis showed myoclonus to be the single best predictor of low brain choline acetyltransferase activity. These results provide further evidence for clinical, pathological, and biochemical heterogeneity in Alzheimer's disease. PMID- 6227277 TI - Suppressor T-lymphocytes in multiple sclerosis: analysis of patients with acute relapsing and chronic progressive disease. AB - T cell-specific antigens as identified by the anti-Leu 1, anti-Leu 2a, and anti Leu 3a monoclonal antibodies were quantitated in 31 normal control subjects, 21 adults with spinal cord injury, 58 patients with stable multiple sclerosis, 31 patients with chronic progressive multiple sclerosis, and 15 patients with multiple sclerosis in acute relapse. The only significant deviations from normal values were a slightly low mean T cell (Leu 1-positive) value in patients in acute relapse and a low suppressor T cell (Leu 2a-positive) mean value in patients with chronic progressive multiple sclerosis. We were unable to confirm previous studies using the OK series of monoclonal antibodies that reported low suppressor T cell levels (OKT5 and OKT8 positive) in patients with acute relapses. We suggest that modulation (a spontaneous or induced variability in the expression) of individual cell surface antigens may explain the differences seen between our study and other reported series. PMID- 6227278 TI - Tumor immunology--three decades in review. PMID- 6227279 TI - Characterization of a rare allele of the phosphoglucomutase locus 1 (PGM81) in an Italian family by isoelectric focusing. AB - A rare phenotype at the phosphoglucomutase locus 1 with an electrophoretic mobility similar to that of PGM1 8-1 was found in an Italian family. The study of this variant was performed by isoelectric focusing on polyacrylamide gel. Also the isoelectric point of the PGM81 gene product was determined. PMID- 6227280 TI - Comparative in vitro activities of teichomycin and other antibiotics against JK diphtheroids. AB - The in vitro susceptibilities of 98 isolates of JK diphtheroids to teichomycin, vancomycin, and eight other antibiotics was investigated. Teichomycin and vancomycin were extremely active against all the isolates tested. The 90% minimal inhibitory concentrations for teichomycin and vancomycin were 1.56 and 0.78 micrograms/ml, respectively. The majority of the isolates were resistant to ticarcillin, methicillin, erythromycin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, clindamycin, and cephalothin. PMID- 6227281 TI - Comparative activities of ciprofloxacin (Bay o 9867), norfloxacin, pipemidic acid, and nalidixic acid. AB - An agar dilution method was used to measure the minimal inhibitory concentrations of ciprofloxacin (Bay o 9867), norfloxacin, pipemidic acid, and nalidixic acid against 496 clinical isolates. Ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin were active against all species tested (90% minimal inhibitory concentrations less than or equal to 8 micrograms/ml), although ciprofloxacin was somewhat more active, e.g., against gram-positive cocci. Pipemidic acid and nalidixic acid were active against most of the members of the Enterobacteriaceae, but Klebsiella species and Providencia stuartii were only inhibited by a high concentration of nalidixic acid. PMID- 6227282 TI - In vitro activity of teichomycin compared with those of other antibiotics. AB - The glycopeptide antibiotic teichomycin had in vitro activity comparable to that of vancomycin against most gram-positive species, and it inhibited methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis. It was twofold more active against many S. aureus and S. epidermidis isolates than was vancomycin. Teichomycin had activity comparable to that of vancomycin against Listeria monocytogenes and Streptococcus faecalis. It was generally more active against streptococci than was vancomycin. There were no major differences between minimal inhibitory concentrations and minimal bactericidal concentrations of these drugs. Teichomycin acted synergistically with gentamicin against some bacteria. PMID- 6227283 TI - Development of morning self-care routines in multiply handicapped persons. AB - This study describes the use of reinforcement procedures to develop and maintain a complete morning self-care routine in multiply-handicapped and mentally retarded persons. Following the completion of initial training in each of six skill areas--toileting, showering, dressing, toothbrushing, bedroom cubicle cleaning, and bed linen removal--baseline data were taken on the extent to which 40 institutionalized adolescents and adults completed each task on a daily basis. Token reinforcement was later provided for the completion of each skill (single response contingency) using a multiple baseline design across behaviors. Results showed performance increases in five of the six behaviors, with some response decrement over time. During a final condition in which no tokens could be earned unless all six behaviors were completed (chained contingency), performance of each skill either increased further or was maintained at a high level. PMID- 6227284 TI - Deoxynivalenol, acetyl deoxynivalenol, and zearalenone formation by Canadian isolates of Fusarium graminearum on solid substrates. AB - Three isolates of Fusarium graminearum (DAOM 180377, 180378, and 180379) were screened for their ability to produce mycotoxins on the solid substrates corn and rice. They all produced deoxynivalenol and zearalenone on corn. On rice, only DAOM 180378 and 180379 produced significant amounts of these mycotoxins, with levels of deoxynivalenol being much higher than those of zearalenone. The effects of the initial moisture content before autoclaving, incubation temperature, and time were studied with isolate DAOM 180378. At 19.5 degrees C the main product was zearalenone, whereas at 25 degrees C both deoxynivalenol and zearalenone were formed. Higher incubation temperatures (28 degrees C) favored deoxynivalenol formation, the maximum amount being 515 ppm (515 micrograms/g) formed after 24 days at an initial moisture content of 40%. The maximum level of zearalenone produced at the same temperature was 399 ppm, but at an initial moisture content of 35%. Other factors, such as pH, oxygen and carbon dioxide concentrations, and size of the culture flask also appeared to affect the production of mycotoxins. PMID- 6227285 TI - Inhibition by secalonic acid D of oxidative phosphorylation and Ca2+-induced swelling in mitochondria isolated from rat livers. AB - The in vitro biological activity of secalonic acid D, a mycotoxin from Aspergillus ochraceus, was studied to assess its cytotoxicity for isolated rat liver mitochondria. Secalonic acid D uncoupled the oxidative phosphorylation of mitochondria and caused a mild inhibition of state 3 respiration. Secalonic acid D weakly enhanced latent ATPase activity in mitochondria but suppressed 2,4 dinitrophenol-stimulated ATPase activity. Secalonic acid D did not induce pseudoenergized swelling of mitochondria and markedly inhibited the Ca2+-induced swelling of mitochondria in KCl isotonic solution. PMID- 6227286 TI - Action of the antitumor and antispermatogenic agent lonidamine on electron transport in Ehrlich ascites tumor mitochondria. AB - The effect of lonidamine, an antispermatogenic and antitumor drug, on the oxygen consumption, ATPase activity, and redox state of the electron carriers of Ehrlich ascites tumor mitochondria has been studied. Lonidamine inhibits ADP- and uncoupler-stimulated respiration on various NAD- and FAD-linked substrates, but does not affect state 4 respiration. Experiments to determine its site of action showed that lonidamine does not significantly inhibit electron flow through cytochrome oxidase. Electron flow through site 2, the ubiquinone-cytochrome b cytochrome c1 complex, also was unaffected by lonidamine, which failed to inhibit the oxidation of duroquinol. Moreover, inhibition of electron flow through site 2 was also excluded because of the inability of the N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl-p phenylenediamine bypass to relieve the lonidamine inhibition of the oxidation of pyruvate + malate. The F0F1ATPase activity and vectorial H+ ejection are also unaffected by lonidamine. The inhibition of succinate oxidation by lonidamine was found to take place at a point between succinate and iron-sulfur center S3. Spectroscopic experiments demonstrated that lonidamine inhibits the reduction of mitochondrial NAD+ by pyruvate + malate and other NAD-linked substrates in the transition from state 1 to state 4. However, lonidamine does not inhibit reduction of added NAD+ by submitochondrial vesicles or by soluble purified NAD linked dehydrogenases. These observations, together with other evidence, suggest that electron transport in tumor mitochondria is inhibited by lonidamine at the dehydrogenase-coenzyme level, particularly when the electron carriers are in a relatively oxidized state and/or when the inner membrane-matrix compartment is in the condensed state. The action of lonidamine in several respects resembles the selective inhibition of electron transport in tumor cells produced by cytotoxic macrophages (D. L. Granger and A. L. Lehninger (1982) J. Cell Biol. 95, 527). PMID- 6227287 TI - Purification and characterization of selenium-glutathione peroxidase from hamster liver. AB - Hamster liver glutathione peroxidase was purified to homogeneity in three chromatographic steps and with 30% yield. The purified enzyme had a specific activity of approximately 500 mumol cumene hydroperoxide reduced/min/mg of protein at 37 degrees C, pH 7.6, and 0.25 mM GSH. The enzyme was shown to be a tetramer of indistinguishable subunits, the molecular weight of which was approximately 23,000 as estimated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. A single isoelectric point of 5.0 was attributed to the active enzyme. Amino acid analysis determined that selenocysteine, identified as its carboxymethyl derivative, was the only form of selenium. One residue of cysteine was found to be present in each glutathione peroxidase subunit. The presence of tryptophan was colorimetrically determined. Pseudo-first-order kinetics of inactivation of the enzyme by iodoacetate was observed at neutral pH with GSH as the only reducing agent. An optimal pH of 8.0 at 37 degrees C and an activation energy of 3 kcal/mol at pH 7.6 were found. A ter-uni-ping-pong mechanism was shown by the use of an integrated-rate equation. At pH 7.6, the apparent second order rate constants for reaction of glutathione peroxidase with hydroperoxides were as follows: k1 (t-butyl hydroperoxide), 7.06 X 10(5) mM-1 min-1; k1 (cumene hydroperoxide), 1.04 X 10(6) mM-1 min-1; k1 (p-menthane hydroperoxide), 1.2 X 10(6) mM-1 min-1; k1 (diisopropylbenzene hydroperoxide), 1.7 X 10(6) mM-1 min-1; k1 (linoleic acid hydroperoxide), 2.36 X 10(6) mM-1 min-1; k1 (ethyl hydroperoxide), 2.5 X 10(6) mM-1 min-1; and k1 (hydrogen peroxide), 2.98 X 10(6) mM-1 min-1. It is concluded that for bulky hydroperoxides, the more hydrophobic the substrate, the faster its reduction by glutathione peroxidase. PMID- 6227288 TI - Purification and reconstitution of the proton-pumping ATPase of fungal and plant plasma membranes. PMID- 6227289 TI - Presence and stoichiometry of two forms of subunit 6 of the mitochondrial ATPase complex of yeast. AB - One of the mitochondrically coded components of the yeast mitochondrial ATPase complex (subunit 6) can be resolved into two components on certain polyacrylamide gels in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate. Purification of the ATPase complex from commercially processed yeast as well as immunoprecipitation of the holo-enzyme from cells labeled in vivo with 14C-labeled amino acids demonstrate that both forms of subunit 6 are physically associated with the assembled enzyme and present in two copies each per complex. One-dimensional papain-generated peptide maps of the two components are identical except for the mobility of a single fragment. It is concluded that the two components of subunit 6 are different forms of a single protein and are present on an average of two copies each per complex. PMID- 6227290 TI - Purification and characterization of the soluble form of mitochondrial adenosine triphosphatase from sweet potato. AB - The soluble form of mitochondrial adenosine triphosphatase was purified in an electrophoretically and immunologically pure form from sweet potato root tissue. The enzyme consisted of six kinds of subunits with different molecular weights (52,500, 51,500, 35,500, 26,000, 23,000, and 12,000), and its molecular weight was about 370,000. Adenosine triphosphatase associated with the submitochondrial particles was oligomycin-sensitive and heat-labile, whereas the soluble form of the enzyme was oligomycin-insensitive and cold-labile. The enzyme in either the membrane-bound or the soluble form showed negative cooperativity. Both experiments with polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunological methods suggest that some of the subunits, probably those with molecular weights of 52,500 and 51,500, are dissociated from the enzyme protein during storage of the enzyme preparations. PMID- 6227291 TI - Mechanism of action of bicarbonate on the mitochondrial ATPase: a new graphical analysis procedure based on a ligand substitution model. AB - A graphical method for analyzing the effects of modifiers on enzymes that do not yield linear Lineweaver-Burk double-reciprocal plots is proposed. To test the validity of the method it was applied to data published by Ebel and Lardy [(1975) (J. Biol. Chem. 250, 191-196) for the activation of the rat liver mitochondrial ATPase by bicarbonate and other anions. It was concluded that bicarbonate acts by displacing the ADP product but that it cannot effectively displace ATP. A new index to compare the different anions is suggested. PMID- 6227292 TI - [Enhancement of antitumor activity of Propionibacterium avidum in combined with neurotropin in tumor bearing mice]. AB - The enhancement of antitumor activity of Propionibacterium avidum (P. avidum) in combination with Neurotropin (NSP) was investigated in C3H mice-MH 134 tumor system. P. avidum (0.5 mg) and NSP (20 mg/kg) were administered on day 2 and from day 1 to 7 after tumor inoculation, respectively. When mice were treated with P. avidum in combination with NSP, a significant prolongation in survival days was observed (P less than 0.01). Treatment with P. avidum alone produced prolongation in survival days, but NSP did fail. Increase of Con-A induced suppressor cell activity and depressed proliferative response of spleen cells were observed by the treatment with P. avidum. However, recovery of proliferative response to normal level and disappearance of suppressor cell activity were observed when NSP was combined. Thus, treatment by P. avidum in combination with NSP produced a significant prolongation in survival days and it may be depending on macrophage activation by P. avidum and on the restoration of T cell functions by NSP. PMID- 6227293 TI - T cells in cutaneous lesions of Sezary syndrome and T-cell leukemia. Characterization by monoclonal antibodies. AB - Anti-T-cell monoclonal antibodies (LEU series) immunoperoxidase technique study for the presence of T cells in cutaneous lesions from four patients with Sezary syndrome and one patient with chronic T-cell leukemia showed that most dermal lymphoid cells from three patients with Sezary syndrome were reactive with monoclonal antibodies to anti-pan T-cell (LEU-1) and helper T-cell (LEU-3a) subsets but not with those to suppressor-cytotoxic T-cell (LEU-2a) subsets. One patient with progressive disease had atypical dermal-lymphoid cells positive for pan T-cell (LEU-1). Epidermotropic cells were reactive to LEU-1 in all four patients, LEU-2a in one patient, and LEU-3a in one patient. Neoplastic cells in skin lesions of chronic T-cell leukemia showed strong positive staining with LEU 1, but were reactive with both anti-T-cell subset, monoclonal antibodies. The atypical, dermal-lymphoid cells in Sezary syndrome represent mature, helper T cells in most cases. The absence of T-cell subset antigens in one patient with fulminant Sezary syndrome and the finding of both T-cell subset antigens on T cell leukemia cells suggest the presence of actively proliferating, immature T cells in those cases. PMID- 6227294 TI - Euthanasia and clinical practice. The report of a working party of the Linacre Centre. PMID- 6227295 TI - A prospective phase II clinical trial of continuous FUDR regional chemotherapy for colorectal metastases to the liver using a totally implantable drug infusion pump. AB - A prospective phase II evaluation of regional FUDR chemotherapy using a totally implantable drug infusion pump was conducted in 81 patients with colorectal metastases to the liver. The survival results were compared to a historical control group of 129 patients with isolated liver metastases. The two groups were comparable with respect to their dominant prognostic factors. The pump patients received their continuous chemotherapy on an outpatient basis and had an 88% response rate, as evidenced by a fall in their serum CEA levels by one-third or greater after two cycles of chemotherapy. By four criteria, the regional chemotherapy patients had an improved survival rate compared to the control series. First, the 1 year survival and median survival was better for the entire group of pump patients vs. controls (82% vs. 36%, 26 months vs. 8 months, p less than 0.0001). The survival for the regional chemotherapy patients was not influenced by the extent of tumor involvement, whether previous systemic 5-FU was given, or whether the patient had symptomatic disease. Second, the entire group of regional chemotherapy patients (including nonresponders) had a greater 1 year survival compared to the most favorable subgroup of control patients with the following characteristics: normal liver function tests, no symptoms, and only one lobe involved (82% vs. 66%, p = 0.009). Third, a subgroup of 49 pump patients, whose initial treatment for metastatic disease was regional chemotherapy (within 3 months of diagnosis) had a better 1 year survival than an exactly matched group of 49 control patients (67% vs. 30%, p = 0.000003). Fourth, the actuarial survival for all 81 pump patients was significantly better than predicted by a mathematical model constructed to predict the patient's clinical course based upon the seven dominant prognostic variables identified in a multifactorial analysis (82% survival at 1 year vs. 33% predicted survival). While liver metastases could be controlled in most patients, the major cause of death was tumor progression in extrahepatic sites, particularly lung metastases and abdominal carcinomatosis. Although it appears that regional chemotherapy with an implantable pump appears to prolong life by 12 to 18 months more than matched historical controls, these results must be confirmed by a randomized (phase III) prospective clinical trial. PMID- 6227297 TI - Intraoperative transluminal balloon catheter dilation. PMID- 6227296 TI - Aspirin and dipyridamole reduce platelet deposition on prosthetic femoro popliteal grafts in man. AB - Platelet inhibitory drugs may be used in an attempt to reduce high failure rates in small artery bypass using prosthetic grafts. We evaluated in patients the effects of aspirin and dipyridamole (ASA/DPM) on radiolabelled platelet accumulation on femoro-popliteal grafts of Dacron, polytetrafluorethylene and saphenous vein. Forty-seven patients awaiting femoro-popliteal bypass received, at random and double blind, either ASA/DPM or placebo capsules. On the seventh postoperative day, the 42 remaining patients with patent grafts were injected with autologous 111-Indium labelled platelets. Graft platelet accumulation was expressed as the Thrombogenicity Index (TI), which was defined as the mean daily rise in the ratio of radioactivity over the graft to that over the contralateral thigh. ASA/DPM reduced mean (+/- s.e. mean) TI in Dacron grafts from 0.25 +/- 0.09 on placebo to 0.16 +/- 0.05 (p less than 0.05). Mean TI in polytetrafluorethylene grafts was also significantly lower at 0.06 +/- 0.01 on ASA/DPM compared to 0.16 +/- 0.03 on placebo. Vein grafts, however, accumulated few, if any, labelled platelets and ASA/DPM had no further influence. ASA/DPM reduces platelet accumulation in prosthetic femoro-popliteal grafts in man. PMID- 6227298 TI - The effects of cyproterone acetate on the elements in the intraluminal fluids of the testis and epididymis of the rat. AB - Spermatozoal maturation and the integrity of the epididymis are dependent on the action of androgen. Micropuncture techniques and electron probe microanalysis were used to investigate the effect of cyproterone acetate on the concentrations of seven elements in intraluminal fluids of the testis, rete testis, and epididymis. After 4 weeks of treatment with cyproterone acetate, the sodium concentration rose in the corpus epididymidis (74.4 +/- 5.4 to 102 +/- 6 mmol/L, p less than 0.01). The concentration of potassium rose in seminiferous tubular fluid (33.9 +/- 2.7 to 49.4 +/- 4.4 mmol/L, p less than 0.01) and caput epididymidal fluid (15.9 +/- 1.4 to 25.7 +/- 0.9 mmol/L, p less than 0.01) after 8 weeks of cyproterone acetate treatment. The chloride concentration rose in the caput (23.7 +/- 0.8 to 65.4 +/- 12.5 mmol/L, p less than 0.01) and distal cauda (39.4 +/- 4.6 to 74.7 +/- 10.8 mmol/L, p less than 0.01) epididymidis after 8 weeks of treatment. Cyproterone acetate had no effect on the concentrations of phosphorus, calcium, and magnesium. The sulfur concentration rose in seminiferous tubular fluid (4.3 +/- 0.3 to 7.3 +/- 0.3 mmol/L, p less than 0.01) and distal cauda fluid (5.3 +/- 0.5 to 14.0 +/- 1.6 mmol/L, p less than 0.01) after 8 weeks of treatment with cyproterone acetate. Four weeks of treatment also increased the sulfur concentration in the distal cauda (6.8 +/- 1.6 to 13.4 +/- 1.5 mmol/L, p less than 0.01). Cyproterone acetate treatment did not affect the concentration of any element in rete testis fluid or serum. PMID- 6227299 TI - ECG criteria for right atrial enlargement. PMID- 6227300 TI - [Side effects induced by captopril. Comparison of a series of hypertensive patients with renal failure and a series with cardiac failure]. AB - The first oral converting enzyme inhibitor, Captopril, has been used to treat hypertension and cardiac failure since 1978. Based on this two year experience, we studied the side-effects of this drug in 64 patients, a privileged series as it included 32 hypertensive patients with chronic renal failure and 32 patients with cardiac failure and normal renal function. After 16 months of treatment, we observed 19 p. 100 of skin complaints, 17 p. 100 disturbance of taste, 6 p. 100 oral problems, and one case of orthostatic hypotension. From the biological point of view: 20 p. 100 eosinophilia, 10 p. 100 hyperkalemia, 5 p. 100 antinuclear antibodies, 2 p. 100 renal failure, and one case of agranulocytosis. The group with renal failure had many more side effects due to a relative dosage (corrected for weight and renal function) which was three times as great. It would therefore appear to be essential to adapt the dosage in each individual case, a task which we have attempted using a formula which considerably reduced the incidence of side effects in our series: (formula; see text) PMID- 6227302 TI - [Cellular mechanisms of protection against oxygen toxicity. Implications in pediatrics]. PMID- 6227301 TI - [Sickle-cell cardiomegaly in children. Study of 13 cases]. AB - Thirteen children, aged 18 months to 14 years and presenting with sickle cell anemia and cardiomegaly (Cardiothoracic ratio greater than or equal to 0.55) were investigated by echocardiography and radio-isotopic measurement of the cardiac output. Eight children presented with one or several criteria of anemic cardiopathy: left ventricular dilatation and hyperkinesia, increased cardiac index. On the contrary, 2 children presented with left ventricular dilatation and decreased contractility, without increase in the cardiac index; 3 children presented with echocardiographic findings similar to those of controls and a normal cardiac index, which is unusual in cases with chronic anemia. These results show that the cardiovascular system of children with sickle cell anemia does not always behave as one would expect in chronic anemia. They also suggest the possible early occurrence of cardiomyopathy, as already described in adults with sickle cell anemia. PMID- 6227303 TI - Serial bone scanning of Colles fracture. AB - Serial bone scannings with 99-M-Tc-MDP have been performed in 15 patients with an extra-articular dorsal-angulated fracture of the distal radius (Colles' fracture). A method for the quantification of healing activity is described. The activity-ratios show a typical pattern of progress during the healing period. There is a correlation between fractures with high activity ratios late in the healing period and fractures that redisplace during the healing period. PMID- 6227304 TI - Hypnosis compared to relaxation in the outpatient management of chronic low back pain. AB - Chronic low back pain (CLBP) presents a problem of massive dimensions. While inpatient approaches have been evaluated, outpatient treatment programs have received relatively little examination. Hypnosis and relaxation are two powerful techniques amenable to outpatient use. Seventeen outpatient subjects suffering from CLBP were assigned to either Self-Hypnosis (n = 9) or Relaxation (n = 8) treatments. Following pretreatment assessment, all subjects attended a single placebo session in which they received minimal EMG feedback. One week later the subjects began eight individual weekly treatment sessions. Subjects were assessed on a number of dependent variables at pretreatment, following the placebo phase, one week after the completion of treatment, and three months after treatment ended. Subjects in both groups showed significant decrements in such measures as average pain rating, pain as measured by derivations from the McGill Pain Questionnaire, level of depression, and length of pain analog line. Self-Hypnosis subjects reported less time to sleep onset, and physicians rated their use of medication as less problematic after treatment. While both treatments were effective, neither proved superior to the other. The placebo treatment produced nonsignificant improvement. PMID- 6227306 TI - Examination table for physically disabled patients. AB - An inexpensive, elevating, examination table for physically disabled patients is described that can be fabricated from a used, electrically powered, hydraulically lifting dental chair and the top of an examination table. It affords easier patient transfer and facilitates patient examination and treatments. PMID- 6227305 TI - Chronic low back pain: predicting response to nonsurgical treatment. AB - The effectiveness of several measures in predicting response to conservative treatment for chronic low back pain was studied. The measures included pretreatment demographic variables, the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI), patient ratings of pain caused by daily activities as measured by the Activities Discomfort Scale (ADS), and physician ratings. The subjects consisted of 135 patients treated at a university hospital back clinic who completed questionnaires six months or more after the initiation of treatment. The only significant predictor of how successful treatment had been in relieving pain was the MMPI hypochondriasis scale. The best predictor of patient-rated average pain intensity at follow-up was the ADS. Physicians' predictions of pain relief and return to normal activities, the ADS and the hypochondriasis scale each was associated significantly with patient ratings of return to normal activities after treatment, and to about the same extent. In general, statistical combinations of pretreatment variables did not increase the power of prediction. The ADS appears to be a promising predictor of patient-rated pain intensity after treatment, and may be useful in identifying poor risk patients. PMID- 6227307 TI - [Suppression of IgE antibody production provoked by intravenous injection of antigen-pulsed heterogenetic spleen cells--a study on genetic regulation in induction of immediate tolerance and suppressor cells]. PMID- 6227308 TI - [Analysis of concanavalin A-induced suppressor and helper cells by autologous erythrocyte rosette formation and monoclonal antibody methods]. PMID- 6227309 TI - [Defects in immunoregulatory circuits activated by concanavalin A in patients with Behcet's disease]. PMID- 6227310 TI - [Effect of prolonged hypokinesia on the growth and skeletal musculature in the rat]. AB - Hypokinesia lasting for 1-5.5 months does not produce any muscular atrophy, but results in ceasing their growth and the growth of the animal. In the muscles, besides the soleus muscle, not any essential structural changes occur. The changes in the soleus muscle are manifested as a focal sclerosis and formation of new muscle fibers. They are considered as a result of a disturbed hemodynamics in it, that occurs during the first days of hypokinesia. During the readaptation period the animals and their muscles begin to grow again. A suggestion is expressed that one of the pathogenic causes making the growth stop is the stress that decreases the somatotrophic function of the hypophysis. PMID- 6227311 TI - [Huntington chorea: report of 16 cases]. AB - The neuropsychiatric aspects and both hereditary and therapeutic study from 16 patients with Huntington's chorea are presented. The differential diagnosis from a clinical approach has been emphasized. The results of this research and those of the literature were compared. PMID- 6227312 TI - Development of neuropsychological deficits in Huntington's disease. AB - Patients with more recently diagnosed Huntington's disease (RHD) were compared on a neuropsychological test battery with patients who had had the disease one to eight years (moderate HD) and with asymptomatic offspring. Though the patients with HD showed deficits in motor and motor-independent abilities, the patients with RHD were less impaired on factors assessing visuospatial ability, cognitive flexibility, and motor steadiness. Of particular interest was the finding that some asymptomatic offspring showed deficits in visuospatial ability and auditory memory that resembled the deficits of patients with RHD. The findings suggest that deficits in HD do not develop at a uniform rate; deficits in cognitive flexibility occur in later stages of the disease; and visuospatial and auditory memory deficits are very early signs and are present in some asymptomatic offspring. PMID- 6227313 TI - Histochemical and morphological muscle-fibre characteristics of the human masseter, the medial pterygoid and the temporal muscles. AB - An extensive histochemical and quantitative analysis of various portions of the human masseter, the medial pterygoid and the temporal muscles was performed in young adult males with normal intermaxillary relationships and complete dentition. There was marked and locally radical intramuscular variability in the muscle-fibre composition. Each muscle and the subunits of the muscles exhibited a characteristic fibre pattern--both the relative frequency and the diameter of the various fibre types differed significantly between the different portions. The fibre pattern was quantitatively different to that of the human lateral pterygoid muscle and both quantitatively and qualitatively dissimilar to that of the human digastric muscle and that of normal limb and trunk muscles. A large proportion of the fibres were ATPase intermediate fibres and must be regarded as being a part of the normal fibre population of the human mandibular elevator muscles. Type IIA fibres were rare. As muscle-fibre differentiation is considered to be influenced by motoneurone function, it can be assumed that the complex fibre pattern of the jaw-closing muscles is related to the unique function of the human mandibular locomotor system. A functional specialization is suggested providing optimal jaw control. Compared with the lateral pterygoid muscle (with predominantly type I fibres) and the digastric muscle (with predominantly type II fibres), the heterogeneous fibre composition of the jaw-closing muscles probably reflects their more complicated activity pattern and functional requirements. The marked difference between the type I and the type II fibre diameters, type II fibres generally being smaller, might reflect evolutionary changes in the masticatory habits, such as adaptation to refined and soft food. The individual variability in fibre composition suggests various levels of utilization and varying ability to adapt to jaw-muscle hyperactivity, to resist fatigue. PMID- 6227314 TI - Pathogenicity of various isolates of Alcaligenes faecalis for broilers. AB - Day-old broilers or specific-pathogen-free chickens were inoculated intranasally with approximately 1 X 10(8) organisms of eight different field isolates of Alcaligenes faecalis. Major differences in the pathogenicity of isolates and their ability to colonize the trachea were found. Only two isolates (Wilson and Lockamy) produced mild clinical signs of respiratory disease ("snicking," dyspnea). The same two also colonized the respiratory tract, especially the trachea, in large numbers; they persisted for 31 days. Of the remaining six isolates, five were also able to colonize the respiratory tract but did so to a lesser degree and less persistently, without causing clinical signs. Only one isolate (CS) was incapable of becoming established in the respiratory tract of chicks after intranasal inoculation. PMID- 6227315 TI - Observations on the pathogenicity of Alcaligenes faecalis in chickens. AB - A series of trials was conducted in which specific-pathogen-free (SPF) leghorn chicks were exposed to various isolates of Alcaligenes faecalis. Chicks were inoculated with A. faecalis alone or in combination with Newcastle disease/infectious bronchitis (Nc/Br) vaccine, laryngotracheitis vaccine, infectious bursal disease virus, or Mycoplasma gallisepticum. The response was evaluated by morbidity, mortality, airsacculitis, reisolation of A. faecalis, and histopathological lesions of tracheas. Although A. faecalis was recovered up to 42 days postinoculation in some cases, no clinical signs were directly attributed to simple A. faecalis infection. None of the other agents significantly increased the severity of A. faecalis signs or lesions, except that A. faecalis-infected chicks that were given Nc/Br vaccine had prolonged microscopic tracheal lesions. In another trial, the effects of A. faecalis in young SPF leghorns, non-SPF broilers, and turkeys were compared. Broiler-type chicks were more susceptible than leghorns and less susceptible than poults. Consequently, the use of leghorns as a model for studying this infection is questioned. PMID- 6227316 TI - Experimental infection of ducks with Mycoplasma synoviae. AB - Specific-pathogen-free ducks 24 and 180 days old were inoculated intranasally with the WVU 1853 strain of Mycoplasma synoviae (MS). No significant gross lesions were found in the infraorbital sinus, trachea, or air sacs at 7 or 28 days postinfection (PI), although MS was recovered from all these organs. A few ducks responded serologically by developing agglutinating antibodies. MS multiplied in embryonated duck eggs but to lower titers than in embryonated chicken eggs. PMID- 6227317 TI - Immunization of chickens with temperature-sensitive mutants of Mycoplasma gallisepticum. AB - Temperature-sensitive (TS) mutants of the S6 strain of Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) were used to immunize newly hatched chickens. Immunized chickens developed antibodies to the wild-type (WT) S6 strain as demonstrated by serologic tests. MG was recovered from nasal cavities but not from the lower respiratory tract of the immunized chicks. Three weeks after intranasal immunization, chickens were challenged via the air sacs with the virulent S6 strain. Immunized chickens were significantly better protected from development of air-sac lesions than were controls. PMID- 6227318 TI - [Vertebral syndrome and its treatment from the manual and neuro-therapeutic viewpoints including controlled physical therapy]. PMID- 6227319 TI - Chloral hydrate inhibition in vitro of ATPase in membrane of rat erythrocytes and in microsomes of dog kidney external medulla. AB - The study of the general anesthetic chloral hydrate and its effects on rat erythrocyte membranes and dog kidney microsomes showed that ATPases were reversibly inhibited in every case. The inhibition was cooperative in the cases of (Mg2+ + Na+ + K+)-ATPase, Mg2+-ATPase and (Na+ + K+)-ATPase of rat erythrocyte membrane, while Ca2+-ATPase and (Mg2+ + Ca2+)-ATPase were non-cooperative. The chloral hydrate concentrations necessary to diminish the activity of the enzyme to half of the Vmax (I50) were 6 mM for Ca2+-ATPase from erythrocyte membranes and 82 mM for Mg2+-ATPase from intact external kidney medulla microsomes. When Ca2+-ATPase was studied in the absence of Mg2+ in these microsomes, the affinity for Ca2+ was very low, but the enzyme was sensitive to chloral hydrate. PMID- 6227320 TI - Genetic, hormonal, and immune studies in a pair of identical twin boys discordant for lupus. PMID- 6227321 TI - [Contacts tracing of patients with syphilis in Mar del Plata, Argentina]. PMID- 6227322 TI - [Characteristics of the prescription and dispensation of antibiotics in the city of Concepcion, Chile]. PMID- 6227323 TI - [Breast-feeding, body weight, diarrhea and malnutrition during the first year of life]. PMID- 6227324 TI - [Prevalence and diagnostic evaluation of electrocardiographic signs of left ventricular hypertrophy in arterial hypertension in a population study]. AB - Signs of left ventricular hypertrophy according to Minnesota code (categories 3 1, 3-3) and ECG findings (RAVL greater than or equal to 7 mm, RV5,6 + SV2 greater than 35 mm, RV6 greater than RV4, with RV6 greater than RV5; S V2 greater than 24 mm and RI + SIII greater than 25 mm) were studied in 779 men, aged 40-54 and 296 women, aged 35-50 in whom essential hypertension was revealed during screening. The control group was formed of a random sample from 341 normotensive men and 103 women of the same age. Signs of left ventricular hypertrophy were observed in 18.2% of men and 5% of women in patients with essential hypertension and in 6.7% of men and 5.8% of women in the control group. Electrocardiographic findings of left ventricular hypertrophy are of high specificity (more than 0.9) and low sensitivity (about 0.1) in regard to essential hypertension. PMID- 6227325 TI - Rashes associated with intravenous administration of ampicillin. AB - 532 patients under intravenous Ampicillin therapy have been included in the trial to evaluate the eventual onset of rashes. These patients have been divided into two groups: the first group comprised of patients affected with acute or chronic liver diseases, the second one with diseases of bacterial etiology. In the first group Ampicillin has been utilized either for its antiammoniaemic activity or to treat urinary or respiratory tract infections of bacterial origin. Ampicillin has been administered intravenously at the dosage of 1-6 g daily. Only 18 patients (3.4%) out of 532 under examination have shown skin reaction during treatment. It is suggestive that the low incidence of Ampicillin rashes observed is due to the way of administration of the drug. PMID- 6227327 TI - Balloon catheter dilatation of coarctation of the aorta in young infants. AB - In four young infants with symptomatic coarctation of the aorta the narrow aortic segment was dilated with a balloon angioplasty catheter. Three of the infants also had appreciable heart defects and one infant had undergone surgery before and had had one previous dilatation. Dilatation was well tolerated and good femoral pulses appeared in all cases, but these disappeared over one to seven days. Despite this, two patients showed some symptomatic improvement over four months. One patient died after perforation of the aorta by an angiographic catheter after dilatation. Relieving coarctation in young infants by catheter dilatation appears incomplete, but it may give symptomatic improvement. Further trial of the procedure will determine whether patients who have undergone surgery and those who have not may benefit. Careful attention to technique and avoidance of manipulations after dilatation are essential if complications are to be avoided. PMID- 6227326 TI - Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). PMID- 6227328 TI - Studies on the phagocytic activity of the granulocytes in psoriasis and palmoplantar pustulosis. AB - A kinetic method was used to determine the rates of phagocytosis of IgG-coated and C3b-IgG-coated latex particles by neutrophil granulocytes from twenty patients with psoriasis and twenty with palmoplantar pustulosis (PPP). Patients with psoriasis showed a highly increased rate of uptake of IgG-coated particles. An increased rate was also observed in patients with PPP. These results indicate enhanced Fc-receptor function. In healthy controls the uptake rate of C3b-IgG coated particles was at least 30% higher than that of particles coated with IgG alone. In nearly half of the patients in the psoriasis and PPP groups the uptake rate failed to increase in the normal way, indicating that C3b dysfunction is common in both psoriasis and PPP. In neither group was there any relationship between the rate of phagocytosis and the clinical severity of the disease. PMID- 6227329 TI - The stimulation of hair growth in the flank organs of female hamsters by subcutaneous testosterone propionate and its inhibition by topical cyproterone acetate: dose-response studies. AB - A dose-dependent increase in the mass of flank organ hair was produced in 11-week old female hamsters by subcutaneously injected testosterone propionate. The mass of androgen-stimulated flank organ hair was decreased bilaterally in a dose dependent manner by cyproterone acetate applied topically to one flank organ of each hamster. PMID- 6227330 TI - Topical benzoyl peroxide increases the sebum excretion rate in patients with acne. AB - Investigations on fifteen patients with acne showed that at the end of 1 and 2 months of treatment 5% benzoyl peroxide increased the sebum excretion rate by 22.5%. This rise in sebum excretion is probably due to the comedolytic activity of benzoyl peroxide which will influence the pooling of sebum in the upper reaches of the pilosebaceous duct. PMID- 6227331 TI - Keratoderma and spastic paralysis. AB - Punctate keratoderma and spastic paralysis occurred in three generations of a family. Several members had keratoderma of the palms and soles or spastic paralysis or both. The family history was consistent with autosomal-dominant inheritance. The age at onset and the rate of progression of symptoms were variable. The concurrence of these lesions can be interpreted to mean either that the keratoderma and the paraplegia are the pleiotropic effects of the same mutant gene or, less likely, that they are the manifestations of two different autosomal mutations segregating in this family. We are not aware of a similar syndrome having been previously reported. PMID- 6227332 TI - Monoclonal antibodies against human platelet glycoprotein IIIa. AB - Two murine monoclonal antibodies specific for human platelets were prepared and characterized by immunofluorescence, immunoprecipitation and by studying their effect on platelet function. Immunoprecipitation with lysates of normal platelets and platelets from a patient with Glanzmann's thrombasthenia revealed that the monoclonal antibodies were directed against glycoprotein GP IIIa. One of these anti-GP-IIIa antibodies (C17) inhibited both ADP- and collagen-induced platelet aggregation as well as ADP-induced fibrinogen binding to platelets. The other anti-GP-IIIa antibody (C15) also caused a complete inhibition of aggregation with collagen. However, a small, and fully reversible, 'primary wave' was observed if the platelets were stimulated with ADP when platelet-rich plasma was used. The ability to bind fibrinogen was unimpaired for platelets incubated with C15. These findings show that C15 and C17 probably recognize different determinants on GP IIIa. Neither of the monoclonal anti-GP-IIIa antibodies blocked the binding to Zwa-positive platelets of human polyclonal anti-Zwa antibodies. This implies that Zwa is different from the epitopes recognized by C15 and C17. PMID- 6227333 TI - Platelet density analysis: a tool for the detection of acquired storage pool disease in man. AB - This study was designed to evaluate the usefulness of platelet density analysis in the detection of acquired storage pool defects in human patients. Two groups of patients were investigated: 19 subjects affected with a myeloproliferative disorder (group I) where abnormal platelets are released from the megakaryocytes and 11 patients hospitalized in an intensive care unit (Group II) where normal platelets are injured in the circulation. Platelet density distribution after isopycnic centrifugation on a discontinuous stractan density gradient, dense granule markers (serotonin, ATP and ADP) and alpha granule markers (intraplatelet beta-thromboglobulin and platelet factor 4) were simultaneously determined. An increased proportion of the percentage of light platelets was observed in 16 patients of group I and nine of group II; an increased ATP/ADP ratio was observed in 12 patients of group I and 10 of group II. Both the tests were abnormal in 11 patients of group I and nine of group II. In group I, the level of serotonin was low and was related to the percentage of light platelets. The alpha granule specific proteins were normal in the two groups. These results indicate that platelet density analysis may serve as a screening test to detect exhausted platelets in human diseases. PMID- 6227334 TI - Increased suppressor- and normal helper T-cell activity in patients with B-cell chronic lymphatic leukaemia (B-CLL) PMID- 6227335 TI - Deoxyribonucleic acid damage by neocarzinostatin chromophore: strand breaks generated by selective oxidation of C-5' of deoxyribose. AB - Among the lesions induced in DNA by neocarzinostatin chromophore are spontaneous and alkali-dependent base release, sugar damage, and single-strand breaks with phosphate (PO4) at their 3' ends and PO4 or nucleoside 5'-aldehyde at the 5' ends. By measuring alkali-dependent thymine release and decomposition of the 5' terminal thymidine 5'-aldehyde in drug-cut DNA, we show that the kinetics are the same for each process and that the nucleoside aldehyde is the source of about 85% of alkali-dependent thymine release. Reduction of the 5'-aldehyde ends to 5' hydroxyls followed by incorporation of 32P from [gamma-32P]ATP by polynucleotide kinase permits their selective quantitation. Nucleoside 5'-aldehyde so measured accounts for over 80% of the drug-generated 5' ends; the remainder have PO4 termini. Since these techniques also include the contribution of alkali-labile sites in the measurement of PO4 ends, DNA sequencing was used to measure the ends directly. Using 3'-32P end-labeled DNA restriction fragments as substrates for the drug, it was found that drug attack at a T results in mainly two bands--the stronger one represents oligonucleotide with 5'-terminal nucleoside 5'-aldehyde and may account for over 90% of a particular break. Its structure was verified by its isolation from the sequencing gel, followed by various chemical and enzymatic treatments. In each case, the mobility of the product on the gel was altered in a predictable manner. In addition to spontaneous breaks, neocarzinostatin also causes alkali-labile breaks preferentially at T residues. These sites are heterogeneous in their sensitivity to alkali and are protected by reduction. PMID- 6227336 TI - Formation of a supramolecular complex is involved in the reconstitution of basement membrane components. AB - Basement membrane macromolecules, including type IV collagen, laminin, and heparan sulfate proteoglycan, do not aggregate when incubated alone. Rather, precipitation occurs in the presence of equimolar amounts of laminin and type IV collagen but variable amounts of heparan sulfate proteoglycan. This interaction requires native laminin and type IV collagen. Heparan sulfate proteoglycan increases the precipitation of laminin particularly in the presence of type IV collagen. Fibronectin does not cause type IV collagen to precipitate. These studies show that the components of basement membrane interact in a highly specific manner and suggest that such interactions may be involved in the deposition of basement membrane in situ. PMID- 6227337 TI - High mobility group proteins: abundance, turnover, and relationship to transcriptionally active chromatin. AB - We have measured the abundance of high mobility group (HMG) proteins 14 and 17 in HeLa cell chromatin and their fractionation with respect to transcriptionally active sequences. HMG protein 17 constitutes 10-20% of the mass of an individual core histone; HMG 14 is approximately one-tenth the mass of HMG 17. The enrichment of HMG proteins, relative to bulk chromatin, is less than 2-fold in the chromatin fraction enriched 6-fold in active sequences. The digestion characteristics of HMG nucleosomes indicate that they are interspersed with H1 nucleosomes and other monomer species. The HMG monomers are quite resistant to degradation by micrococcal nuclease and can be resolved as distinct nucleoprotein entities after trimming of the DNA to core length. Turnover measurements showed that HMG proteins 14 and 17 are stable for at least 24 h. When nucleosome monomers are reconstituted with a 0.35 M NaCl nuclear protein extract, each nucleosome subtype can be reconstituted; however, this is a function of both the amount of extract added and the DNA length of the nucleosomes. When the kinetics of reconstitution of bulk vs. coding sequences were measured with cDNA, there was no significant enrichment of active sequences in the HMG-containing mononucleosomes of HeLa cells at any ratio of extract to monomer employed. In Friend cells, the abundance of sequences among mononucleosome species was the same for the transcribed beta-major globin gene, a transcriptionally inactive embryonic globin, and an inactive immunoglobulin gene. There was little correlation of HMG content with transcriptionally active chromatin, either native or reconstituted. PMID- 6227338 TI - Production of HMG-3 by limited trypsin digestion of purified high-mobility-group nonhistone chromatin proteins. AB - Three isolated nonhistone proteins (HMG-1, HMG-2 and HMG-E) have been purified from chicken erythrocyte chromatin without exposure to overt denaturing conditions, and subjected to limited proteolysis. When treated with trypsin, the three proteins exhibited similar patterns of degradation, as judged by SDS and acid/urea gel electrophoresis. In particular, the first product, P1 (a relatively stable intermediate in each digestion), was a protein analogous to HMG-3, a principal degradation product in preparations of calf thymus high-mobility-group proteins. At least in the case of HMG-E, the products formed by tryptic attack on P1 are the two individual DNA binding domains of HMG-E. P1 derived from HMG-E and one of the individual DNA binding domains of HMG-E were purified by chromatography on columns containing DNA-cellulose or phosphocellulose. The properties of these two portions of HMG-E are consistent with our recently postulated three-domain structure for HMG-1 and its homologs (Reeck, G.R., Isackson, P.J. and Teller, D.C. (1982) Nature 300, 76-78). Thus, P1 consists of two DNA-binding domains of approximately equal molecular weight covalently linked together. From chromatography on DNA-cellulose columns, it is clear that P1 binds to DNA more tightly than does HMG-E. The highly acidic C-terminal domain of HMG-E (which is removed by trypsin in generating P1) thus counteracts the DNA binding of the two other domains of HMG-E (at least in the protein's interaction with purified DNA). PMID- 6227339 TI - EMG scanning in the diagnosis of chronic pain. AB - A surface EMG diagnostic protocol was developed to assess the neuromuscular/postural contributions to pain states. The EMG activity of the right and left aspects of 11 muscle groups were monitored while the patient was in the sitting and standing positions. The diagnostic protocol was evaluated by comparing the patterns of EMG activity in four diagnostic groups: headache only, neck/shoulder/upper back pain only, low back pain only, and mixed pain states. The results suggest that (1) bilateral levels of EMG activity in the frontalis and masseter groups are of primary importance for the headache patients, (2) the discrepancy between the right and left EMG activity in the lumbar and cervical paraspinal muscle groups are of primary importance for low back pain patients, (3) position (sit/stand) may provide important diagnostic information, and (4) the data appear to support the notion of a postural disturbance as a contributing factor in low back pain. PMID- 6227340 TI - [Study of dynein ATPase by oxygen isotope exchange H2(18)O in equilibrium with [16O]-Pi]. AB - The oxygen isotope exchange reactions catalyzed by sea urchin Strongylocentrotus intermedius spermatozoa dynein I were studied with a view of comparing molecular mechanisms of ATP hydrolysis by dynein and myosin ATPases. It was demonstrated that the isotope exchange takes place during ATP hydrolysis and during enzyme incubation with ADP and Pi and is absent when the enzyme is incubated with Pi. It was assumed that the molecular mechanisms of ATP hydrolysis by dynein I and myosin are identical. PMID- 6227341 TI - Effect of exogenous progestogens on plasma concentrations of the oxytocin associated neurophysin and 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-prostaglandin F in intact and ovariectomized ewes over the time of expected luteal regression. AB - Plasma concentrations of the prostaglandin F metabolite 13,14-dihydro-15-keto prostaglandin F (PGFM), the oxytocin-associated neurophysin (OT-N) and progesterone were monitored by radioimmunoassay (RIA) in five ewes sampled from the jugular vein at hourly intervals between 0700-1900 h from Days 12-16 of the estrous cycle. These hormones were also determined in plasma samples collected at similar times from five intact and five ovariectomized ewes given twice daily injections of medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) over Days 10 to 20 after the last observed estrus. In both the control and intact MPA-treated ewes, coincident surges of OT-N and PGFM were observed in jugular plasma during the time of luteal regression. No significant differences were noted in the number and amplitude of OT-N and number of PGFM peaks between the control and intact MPA-treated animals, although in the latter the amplitude of the PGFM peaks was significantly reduced (P less than 0.01). No marked surges in the plasma concentrations of PGFM or OT-N were observed in the ovariectomized ewes given exogenous MPA. This latter finding is consistent with previous proposals, suggesting that the ovaries are a major source of oxytocin in the ewe. In addition, the observation that exogenous progestogens in the intact ewes did not influence the number and peak height of the OT-N surges, indicates that a fall in progesterone levels during the normal cycle is not obligatory for oxytocin release although it may facilitate the release of uterine PGF2 alpha. PMID- 6227342 TI - Results of vascular reconstruction with double velour Dacron in patients with critical lower limb ischaemia. AB - The results of 65 arterial reconstructions with double velour Dacron carried out for limb salvage have been reviewed. Successful revascularization was achieved initially in 86%, and the peri-operative mortality was 9.0%. Cumulative salvage was greater in patients with aorto-iliac disease (65% at 5 years) than in those with femoropopliteal disease (36% at 5 years). Results were poorest in patients with gangrene or marked trophic changes at presentation, in those with distal disease and in those who required revisional surgery. PMID- 6227343 TI - [Measurement of coronary blood flow using a double fiber optic system and computer-assisted development of transcoronary dye dilution tracings]. PMID- 6227344 TI - "Helper" and "suppressor" T lymphocytes regulating blood cell formation in man. AB - Human hemopoietic progenitor cells have been characterized as null lymphocytes. These primitive precursors are subject to interaction with mature cells which are derived from the thymus. Such T lymphocytes exist in several subpopulations which can exhibit "helper" and "suppressor" activity in various immune responses. Evidence for the involvement of these cells in hematopathological disorders has been presented and the possibility of a physiological role for helper and suppressor T cells in hemopoiesis has been discussed. It is proposed that "steady state" blood cell formation is maintained, at least in part, by the preponderance of suppressors in the bone marrow, while the dominant helper population in peripheral blood can recirculate under the influence of corticosteroids with consequent stimulation of hemopoiesis. The influence of histocompatibility antigens on this process of cellular regulation remains to be determined. PMID- 6227345 TI - The effect of endurance-training on the maximum activities of hexokinase, 6 phosphofructokinase, citrate synthase, and oxoglutarate dehydrogenase in red and white muscles of the rat. AB - Adult female rats were subjected to an eleven-week endurance-training programme, and, for the first time, the maximum activities of enzymes that can indicate the quantitative capacities of both anaerobic glycolysis and the Krebs cycle in muscle (viz. 6-phosphofructokinase and oxoglutarate dehydrogenase respectively) were measured in heart plus white and fast-oxidative skeletal muscle. No changes were observed in heart muscle. In fast-oxidative skeletal muscle, activities of hexokinase, citrate synthase, and oxoglutarate dehydrogenase were increased by 51, 26, and 33% respectively but there was no effect on 6-phosphofructokinase. These results demonstrate that in red muscle there is no effect of this training programme on the anaerobic capacity but that of the aerobic system is increased by one third. In white skeletal muscle, only the activity of citrate synthase was increased, which indicates that this activity may not provide even qualitative information about changes in capacity of the Krebs cycle. PMID- 6227346 TI - [Characteristic effects of rabbit liver extract on hepatocyte proliferation in the regenerating liver of mice of various ages]. AB - Chalone isolated by the Verly method was injected into animals of different age (2 groups) under partial hepatectomy. The percentage of hepatocytes in S-, G2-, M and post-M-periods was determined by morphoautoradiography. These parameters were used for the reconstruction of the extent and dynamics of cell proliferation during 36-48 hours of regeneration. The suppressing effect of chalone on hepatocyte proliferation was more pronounced in young mice. The lack of complete inhibition of DNA synthesis and of the effect of proliferative synchronization was observed in both groups of mice. PMID- 6227347 TI - [Vitamin E protection of membranes of the sarcoplasmic reticulum against the damaging effect of free fatty acids]. AB - Feeding rats the diet enriched with vitamin E or addition of alpha-tocopherol to the suspension of sarcoplasmic reticular membranes of rat and rabbit skeletal muscles protects Ca2+-dependent ATPase against thermal inactivation aggravated by the action of free fatty acids. PMID- 6227348 TI - [Spin labels in the analysis of Ca-ATPase in the sarcoplasmic reticulum of rabbit skeletal muscles in hypercholesteremia]. AB - The method of electron paramagnetic resonance with spin-labeled maleimide was used to study variation of the structure of Ca-ATPase of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) in rabbit skeletal muscles under long-term hypercholesterolemia (HC). The rate of the maleimide spin label binding with Ca-ATPase of the SR was decreased in HC, which correlated with a lesser access of spin-labeled thiol groups for potassium ferricyanide and sodium ascorbate. HC led to a considerable reduction in the lability and to enhancement of hydrophobia of the spin-labeled fragment of the enzyme. It is concluded that the disordered function of the SR Ca pump is a consequence of structural changes in the Ca-ATPase molecule in HC. PMID- 6227349 TI - [Heterogeneity of immunologic memory T cells specific for H-2 antigens and detection of their receptors]. AB - The in-vivo-induced memory T cells (MC) of mice, specific to H-2 antigens, are assayed by the generation of the secondary cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) in mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC) activated by heat-killed stimulator cells. The MC are shown to adhere selectively to the corresponding target monolayer that gives rise to both the loss of MC activity in the population of non-adherent lymphocytes and gain in MC activity in the population adherent and eluted from the same monolayer. In addition to the revealing of MC H-2 antigen-binding receptors, the absorption-elution technique allows the separation of the MC into two categories: secondary CTL precursors bearing these receptors, and secondary amplifier cells non-adherent to the monolayer and assayed by promotion of the CTL generation from the primary precursors activated in MLC by heated stimulators. The difference in the receptor properties between the primary and secondary CTL precursors raises the possibility that the MC are generated not only in the amplifier cell population but also in the independent CTL precursor population. PMID- 6227350 TI - [Characteristics of the androgenic function of steroid-producing glands of baboons in the metapyrone test]. AB - Experiments on adult and prepubertal male baboons were made to study and compare the androgenic function of the steroid-producing glands of monkeys in the metopyrone test. The content of the steroid compounds, testosterone, 5 alpha dihydrotestosterone, delta 4-androstendione and dehydroepiandrosterone in the monkey blood was measured by radioimmunoassays. The content of 5 alpha dihydrotestosterone in the blood of monkeys of both age groups did not undergo any significant changes throughout the whole experiment, whereas the content of testosterone and delta 4-androstendione rose to a greater degree in the blood of prepubertal animals. The concentration of dehydroepiandrosterone in the blood of prepubertal monkeys remained significantly elevated, even 3 days after the metopyrone administration. The reasons for age-associated differences in the hormonal response of the steroid-producing glands of baboons to metopyrone administration are discussed. PMID- 6227351 TI - Quinidine-induced thrombocytopenia and leukopenia: demonstration and characterization of distinct antiplatelet and antileukocyte antibodies. AB - A patient with the rare syndrome of simultaneous quinidine-induced thrombocytopenia and leukopenia was studied. A quinidine-dependent antiplatelet antibody was detected in her serum by platelet aggregometry and by indirect platelet-suspension immunofluorescence. A drug-dependent antileukocyte antibody was demonstrated by leukoagglutination and by granulocyte immunofluorescence. Both antibodies were found to belong to the IgG class by immunofluorescence using monospecific antisera. There appeared to be two distinct antibodies, since the antibody eluted off sensitized platelets reacted only with platelets and that eluted off sensitized granulocytes reacted only with granulocytes. In addition, the patient's serum and quinidine gave a negative reaction on immunofluorescence with platelets from a patient with Bernard-Soulier syndrome (BSS), which lack glycoprotein lb (GPlb) complex, but gave a positive reaction with BSS granulocytes. The quinidine-dependent antiplatelet antibody immunoprecipitated GPlb and a glycoprotein of molecular weight 22,000 (GPlb complex) from Triton solubilized, periodate-labeled platelets. Similar attempts to identify the granulocyte surface receptor/antigen were unsuccessful. Factor VIII/von Willebrand factor was not required for binding of the drug-dependent antibody to platelets. PMID- 6227352 TI - The diagnosis of "cor pulmonale" by non-invasive methods: a challenge for pulmonologists and cardiologists. PMID- 6227353 TI - A device for evaluation of flow recording equipment. AB - We have constructed a calibration device which simulates a maximum expiratory flow, and which can also be used to determine quantitatively the frequency response and linearity of flow recording equipment. It consists of a pressure chamber full of copper chips serving as a heat exchanger. When inflated to twice the atmospheric pressure, it delivers 8.2 l of air during deflation. Deflation is released by a falling weight. The time tS between 10% and 90% of the peak expiratory flow out of the chamber (PEFR) can be varied between 10 ms and 90 ms. PEFR up to 19 l X s-1 can be obtained by changing the size of an orifice in the outlet line. The calibrator was tested with a Fleisch no 4 pneumotachograph linear up to 15 l X s-1. The coefficient of variation of PEFR (12.2 l X s-1) and FVC (8.2 l) was 2% and 1% respectively for 10 consecutive deflations. The frequency response in terms of tS of the tested equipment can be evaluated from the flow-volume curve produced by the calibrator. Examination of tS in 50 medical students shows that tS of the equipment should be less than about 20 ms in order to correctly measure PEFR. By means of a single deflation, the linearity of the total recording system can be tested over a range of flows because the flow signal of the calibrator is declining almost linearly with time. PMID- 6227354 TI - Clinical and biochemical changes in a child with type I mucopolysaccharidosis during long-term transfusion of leukocytes. AB - The effect of two years of periodic transfusions at 2--4 month intervals of mixed leukocytes in a patient with Type I mucopolysaccharidosis is described. There was an increase of urinary chondroitin sulfate B after the first transfusion followed by a progressive decrease to 35% of the initial daily excretion. Chondroitin sulfate AC, which was almost absent prior to the transfusions, was excreted in significant amounts after the 4th transfusion. There was a decrease of hepatosplenomegaly, kyphosis and gibbus and no changes in the other signs of the disease. Regarding stature, mental development and social behavior, the patient is developing thus far as a normal child. The early diagnosis of the disease and the immediate transfusions undoubtedly have been contributing factors to the restoration and/or maintenance of the child in an almost normal condition. PMID- 6227355 TI - Tactile perception. PMID- 6227356 TI - Bacterial endocarditis in the dental office: a review of the literature. PMID- 6227357 TI - Examination of the patient with low back pain. PMID- 6227358 TI - Arterial prostheses. PMID- 6227359 TI - Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty for lower limb ischaemia. AB - Forty successful percutaneous transluminal angioplasties (PTA) were performed in the iliac and femoropopliteal segments of 33 patients with lower limb ischaemia. There was immediate symptomatic relief in 37 limbs (92 per cent) although 7 relapsed and 5 patients required reconstructive arterial surgery within a month of PTA. Objective testing showed that the longer term relapse rate (median follow up 12 months) was low (10 per cent). Despite a significant incidence of early complications and relapse, PTA provided a good long term result in the majority of patients treated. PMID- 6227360 TI - Prenatal chromosome analysis and its impact on the birth incidence of chromosome disorders. PMID- 6227361 TI - Double blind cross over trial of ipratropium and placebo in chronic rhinorrhoea. PMID- 6227362 TI - Acne vulgaris and hidradenitis suppurativa as presenting features of acromegaly. PMID- 6227363 TI - An unusual cluster of babies with Down's syndrome born to former pupils of an Irish boarding school. PMID- 6227364 TI - Protracted survival in patients with Down's syndrome. PMID- 6227365 TI - Mercuric chloride poisoning in a 23 month old child. PMID- 6227366 TI - A genetic marker for Huntington's chorea. PMID- 6227367 TI - Safety of zimeldine in overdose. PMID- 6227368 TI - Immune complex nephritis complicating miliary tuberculosis. PMID- 6227369 TI - Acne and anticonvulsants. AB - The severity of acne and rate of excretion of sebum were assessed in 243 patients with epilepsy taking various anticonvulsants who were in hospital long term and in matched controls derived from a normal population of 2176 people. Neither the prevalence of acne nor the sebum excretion rate significantly increased in the patients compared with the controls or in patients taking phenytoin compared with those not. It is concluded that anticonvulsant treatment does not cause acne. PMID- 6227370 TI - Convulsions after self poisoning with zimeldine. PMID- 6227372 TI - Bilingualism and brain functional asymmetry. AB - The task of the neural organization of the native language, acquired by a direct method and of another language, studied at school, performed correspondingly by the left and the right hemispheres, was studied in the bilingual patient after unilateral electroconvulsive therapy used in psychiatry. It was established that in such a bilingual type the right hemisphere is concerned with the formation of deep semantic structures of the native language while the left hemisphere is responsible for the formation of second language deep structures and of surface structures of both languages. The effect of language learning method on cerebral organization of bilingualism is postulated. PMID- 6227371 TI - Motor activity and muscle properties in the hemidecerebellate cat. AB - Luciani's ipsilaterally acting 'trophic' cerebellar influence on striated muscle was reinvestigated in hemidecerebellate preparations of varying extent. Cats with hindlimb postural asymmetries for 4 or more days after the lesion developed a bilateral reduction of maximum tetanic tension and increased twitch/tetanus ratios of soleus. In addition, soleus on the side of the lesion lost force and weight, showed decreased twitch contraction and half-relaxation times, elevated myosin ATPase activity in part of its fibres, occasional fibre necrosis and a few snake coils. Protracted postural asymmetry occurred only if complete hemicerebellectomy included ablation of the lateral vestibular nucleus and extended for at least 3.0 mm across the midline into the contralateral vermal and intermediate cortex, especially of Larsell's lobuli IV and V. Most simply, the cerebellar effect on muscle is explained as the result of altered motoneuronal activation patterns. Comparison of the experimental soleus changes with Holmes's clinical findings in cases of cerebellar injury suggests that muscle itself participates in experimental and human cerebellar asthenia. PMID- 6227374 TI - Deep innervation of sural nerve. AB - Discharges of 37 sural afferents in the A alpha to C fiber range have been recorded during stimulation of subcutaneous tissues after removal of the skin. Except for one A alpha unit with muscle spindle properties, fibers were not easily excited by muscle stretching. The more slowly conducting fibers tended to have higher thresholds. After repeated stimulation, most A delta and C units displayed a persistent afterdischarge which lasted from several minutes to more than half an hour. PMID- 6227373 TI - Guanine nucleotides reveal differential actions of ergot derivatives at D-2 receptors labelled by [3H]spiperone in striatal homogenates. AB - The specific binding of [3H]spiperone (35 pM), as defined by the D-2 antagonist sulpiride, was potently displaced by ergot derivatives of both the ergoline and ergopeptine type, and by dopamine agonists and antagonists. The potency of the ergot derivatives ranged widely from an IC50 value of 3 nM for bromocriptine to a value of 1000 nM for the partial ergoline, LY-141865. GTP and its stable analogue, guanyl-5'-yl-imidodiphosphate (Gpp(NH)p), did not affect the affinity (100 pM) or density (30 pmol/g wet wt) of [3H]spiperone binding sites, but did decrease the potency of a number of ergoline compounds including pergolide, lergotrile and LY-141865, as well as dopamine agonists to displace [3H]spiperone binding. The affinities of the ergopeptines, bromocriptine and dihydroergocryptine, and of the isolysergic acid ergoline, lisuride, and dopamine antagonists were unaltered by the presence of guanine nucleotides. The effect was specific for guanine nucleotides, with near maximal effects on agonist affinity observed in the presence of a 100 microM concentration of nucleotide. The relative decrease in affinity found in the presence of GTP or Gpp(NH)p varied widely for individual ergot derivatives and dopamine agonists. The largest decrease was seen with dopamine itself, and agonists such as the tetralins and with LY-141865. Many ergolines had shifts in potency between those seen for agonists and antagonists, suggesting a partial agonist action at D-2 receptors. Guanine nucleotide sensitivity may represent a valuable in vitro method for studying the agonist/antagonist properties of dopaminergic drugs, such as the semi-synthetic ergoline compounds. PMID- 6227375 TI - Health status of abused and neglected children and their siblings. AB - Fifty Greek children who had been neglected or physically abused by one or both parents were studied, along with their families. Of these 18 were single-child families. The other 32 children in the study, including two sets of twins, had a total of 53 siblings. In comparison with their siblings, the abused children were more frequently the result of an unplanned and unwanted pregnancy. They had a higher incidence of perinatal problems and more illnesses in the first year of life. Almost half had feeding problems, their nutritional status was often poorer than that of their siblings, and they were characterized by their parents as being more difficult than the other children. In some cases there was evidence of a lesser degree of neglect or abuse in the siblings. More than twice as many boys as girls were abused, although there were more girls than boys amongst the siblings. This possibly reflects the higher value and as a result higher expectations that Greek culture places on male children. PMID- 6227377 TI - A survey of state efforts in gathering information on child abuse and neglect in handicapped populations. AB - This paper reports the extent to which states assemble information on the incidence of abuse and neglect among handicapped populations. Data were collected from all states on the types of pre-existing disabilities cited on child abuse reporting forms and the perceived accuracy of this information. The study also sought to identify specific methods used to provide assistance to local agencies regarding the problems associated with abuse of the handicapped. Surveys were distributed to and completed by representatives of the designated child protection agencies within each state and the District of Columbia (n = 51). General findings were that although it is generally acknowledged in research that handicapped children represent a disproportionate number of abuse and neglect victims, nearly half of the states do not collect any information on "special characteristics." Forms from the remaining states exhibited much variation in style and in the competency of collection techniques. These results suggest a significant lack of services specifically designed to improve the awareness of field representatives on the influence of exceptionalities in abusive cases. This information indicates that training and prevention programs will remain basically inadequate until the relationship between handicapped conditions and abuse/neglect is more clearly defined. PMID- 6227376 TI - Prevention of child abuse and neglect through early diagnosis of serious disturbances in the mother-child relationship in Italy. AB - At the obstetrical clinic of Modena University and a family center of the same municipality during the first six months of 1980 a questionnaire based on "Risks of Child Abuse" by Kempe, Gray and others was administered to 33 expectant mothers during the third trimester of pregnancy, a few days after delivery, and a month and one-half after childbirth, for the purpose of examining the mother child relationship. Two principal groups of "risk factors" which may lead to child abuse and neglect appeared: mothers with preceding personal and social experiences, and cases of medical intervention (e.g., prematurity, caesarean). Use of a questionnaire that permitted early diagnosis made possible help in establishing a good mother-child relationship in the first months of life. Such help can be given by the hospital and public centers both before and after birth. PMID- 6227378 TI - Closure of laparoscopy incisions. PMID- 6227380 TI - Induced paralysis: when your patient is on Pavulon. PMID- 6227379 TI - Influence of prolactin on serum androgens in normoprolactinaemic women. AB - Previous studies in hyperprolactinaemic women have led to conflicting views about the influence of prolactin (PRL) on serum dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DS) levels. This study was designed to examine the effect of a reduction of normal levels of circulating prolactin on the serum DS concentration in twenty ovulating women treated with bromocriptine for 4 months in a double-blind crossover study. The women were recruited after initial studies of hypothalamic-pituitary, gonadal and adrenal function were assessed as being normal. Blood samples were collected in the early follicular and mid-luteal phases of both placebo and bromocriptine treated cycles, and were assayed for LH, FSH, PRL, DS, oestradiol (E2), testosterone (T), androstenedione (A) and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG). The only significant changes were in serum prolactin which decreased from a mean level of 12.6 (s.e.m. = 0.38) to 9.7 (s.e.m. = 0.36) micrograms/l (P less than 0.0025), and DS which decreased from 4.9 (s.e.m. = 0.23) to 4.5 (s.e.m. = 0.22) mumol/l (P much less than 0.0005) after treatment with bromocriptine. Although the mechanism of this phenomenon is not clear, this study suggests that PRL may have a physiological role in modulating the tonic secretion or metabolism of DS. PMID- 6227381 TI - Suppressor and reactive lymphocytes in radiation leukemia virus (RadLV)-induced leukemogenesis. AB - Suppressor cells capable of enhancing tumor growth in vivo and of abrogating a potential anti-tumor immunity in vitro are generated in C57BL/6 mice inoculated with the high-leukemogenic A-RadLV. Mice inoculated with low-leukemogenic D-RadLV do not develop suppressor cells but contain anti-tumor reactive lymphocytes that can inhibit in vivo tumor growth. Cyclophosphamide (CyF) treatment of mice inoculated with A-RadLV hampered suppressor cell function and rendered the animals' lymphocytes responsive to A-RadLV induced tumor cells in vitro. Administration of CyF also reduced leukemia incidence in mice inoculated with A RadLV, but had no effect on leukemia induction by D-RadLV in irradiated mice. It is suggested that the high leukemogenic activity of A-RadLV depends on the virus' ability to recruit CyF-sensitive suppressor cells early in latency and that tumor progression in mice inoculated with D-RadLV is arrested due to the host immune response. PMID- 6227383 TI - Enhanced suppressor macrophage activity associated with termination of the L5178Y cell tumor-dormant state in DBA/2 mice. AB - Both cytolytic T-lymphocytes and cytolytic macrophages have been implicated in the long-term maintenance of L5178Y cells in a tumor-dormant state in DBA/2 mice. Eventually, however, the tumor-dormant state terminates, and all mice develop ascitic tumors. In an evaluation of the mechanisms involved in termination of the tumor-dormant state, we detected in the peritoneal cavity of many tumor-dormant mice macrophages with increased capacity to suppress the in vitro generation of a secondary anti-L5178Y cell cytolytic T-lymphocyte response. The incidence of macrophage-mediated immunosuppressive activity in individual tumor-dormant mice was related directly to the number of tumor cells in the peritoneal cavity of those mice. Furthermore, in tumor-dormant mice harboring fewer than 5 X 10(4) L5178Y cells, the detection of macrophage-mediated immunosuppressive activity was a prognostic indicator of termination of the tumor-dormant state and development of an ascitic tumor. These data suggest that peritoneal macrophage-mediated immunosuppressive activity, through inhibition of cytolytic T-lymphocyte generation in vivo, contributes to the termination of the tumor-dormant state and development of ascitic tumors. PMID- 6227384 TI - Third annual Sapporo Cancer Seminar. Biological responses in cancer chemotherapy. PMID- 6227382 TI - Photosensitization of liposomal membranes by hematoporphyrin derivative. AB - The putative tumor-localizing and -photosensitizing fraction of hematoporphyrin derivative, the fastest migrating fraction of hematoporphyrin derivative separated by polyacrylamide gel filtration (HPD-A), photosensitized lipid peroxidation and membrane lysis in egg phosphatidylcholine liposomes. The rate of membrane damage was approximately 4-fold faster in oxygen compared to anoxia, with evidence for the involvement of singlet oxygen. The diffusion of HPD-A into small liposomes led to a shift of the Soret band from 363 nm in buffer to 398 nm accompanied by 4-fold enhancement of the fluorescence. The presence of human serum albumin retarded the diffusion of HPD-A into small liposomes, which is attributed to partial complexing of the HPD-A. A different effect of serum albumin was the protection of large liposomes from photosensitized lysis by incorporated HPD-A. This protection is attributed to scavenging of singlet oxygen, as evidenced by oxidation of tryptophan in the protein. PMID- 6227385 TI - Successful angioplasty of renal artery stenosis due to aorto-arteritis. AB - A 24-year-old Chinese female who suffered from hypertension and acute myocardial infarction was found to have aorto-arteritis on angiographic examination, with total occlusion of her right coronary artery and subtotal occlusion of her right renal artery. Transluminal angioplasty of her right renal artery was successfully performed and this normalized her blood pressure from 165/105 to 135/85 mm Hg. PMID- 6227386 TI - Two-dimensional echocardiography in idiopathic enlargement of the right atrium. Reliability and limitations. AB - A 36-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital with exertional dyspnea, palpitation and cardiac enlargement on standard chest X-ray. Physical examination did not reveal any significant abnormality and routine laboratory tests were normal. ECG showed atrial fibrillation and negative T waves in lead III and a VF, with a stiffened ST segment. M-mode echocardiography showed absence of pericardial effusion and normal size of both ventricular chambers. Two dimensional echocardiography showed a large saccular dilation of the right atrium without significant enlargement of other cardiac chambers. A slight displacement of tricuspid valve leaflets was also present. Cardiac catheterization was effective in the diagnosis of idiopathic enlargement of the right atrium. Although two-dimensional echocardiography has some limitations in the diagnosis of this unusual malformation, it may prove useful in the noninvasive follow-up of these patients, in order to monitor the eventual increase of atrial size and to promptly detect late complications. PMID- 6227387 TI - Percutaneous transluminal coronary recanalization with streptokinase: nursing care and implications. PMID- 6227388 TI - A survey of the diagnostic categories and associated handicaps of an African physically handicapped population. PMID- 6227389 TI - Progression of coronary disease in candidates for transluminal coronary angioplasty. AB - Five of our first 20 candidates for PTCA had unanticipated occlusion of the relevant coronary artery between the time of coronary angiography and PTCA. None had a change in symptoms or ECG to suggest coronary occlusion. We currently schedule PTCA within a month to help avoid this occurrence. PMID- 6227390 TI - Colony formation by subpopulations of human T lymphocytes. III. Antigenic phenotype and function of colony-forming cells, colony cells, and their expanded progeny. AB - The antigenic phenotype of individual PHA-induced T lymphocyte colonies was studied with a direct immunofluorescence technique using fluorescein-labeled anti Leu-2a and anti-Leu-3a antibodies. Of the colonies grown from mononuclear peripheral blood cells 85% were Leu-3a+ (inducer/helper phenotype), 12% were Leu 2a+ (suppressor/cytotoxic phenotype), and 3% contained equal numbers of Leu-2a+ and Leu-3a+ cells. Fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS) separated T-cell subsets showed that Leu-2a+ cells and Leu-3a+ cells form exclusively Leu-2a+ and Leu-3a+ colonies, respectively. Leu-3a+ cells formed colonies in both the absence and presence of conditioned medium (PHA-CM), whereas colony formation by Leu-2a+ cells was absolutely dependent on PHA-CM. Mixing experiments with FACS-separated T-cell subsets showed that Leu-2a+ cells inhibit colony formation by Leu-3a+ cells in a cell dose-dependent manner both in the presence and absence of PHA-CM. Phenotype analysis of individual colonies from mixing experiments strongly suggested monoclonal proliferation in the present colony assay system. The majority of expanded T-cell colonies showed helper activity in a reverse hemolytic plaque-forming B-cell assay, although to a lesser degree as compared to that of freshly isolated T lymphocytes. PMID- 6227391 TI - Suppression of delayed-type hypersensitivity to third party "bystander" alloantigens by antigen-specific suppressor T cells. AB - Delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) against alloantigens can be induced by sc immunization with allogeneic cells. The induction of DTH can be suppressed by iv preimmunization of the mice with similar allogeneic spleen cells, provided the cells are irradiated before injection. This suppression is mediated by T cells. The suppressor activity can be induced not only by H-2-and non-H-2-coded antigens, but also by H-2 subregion-coded antigens. Suppression induced by K, I, or D subregion-coded antigens is specific for that particular subregion as well as for its haplotype. I-J-coded alloantigens were found to not be necessary for the induction of antigen-specific suppressor T cells. After restimulation of suppressor T cells by the "specific" alloantigens, the DTH to simultaneously administered third-party alloantigens becomes suppressed as well. This nonspecific suppression of DTH to third party "bystander" alloantigens also occurs when the specific and the third-party antigens are presented on separate cells, provided that both cell types are administered together at the same site. The simultaneous presentation of both sets of alloantigens during the induction phase of DTH only is sufficient to prevent the normal development of DTH to the third-party antigens. PMID- 6227392 TI - Regulation of the class of immune response induced by antigen. I. Specific T cells switch the in vivo response from a cell-mediated to humoral mode. AB - Unprimed murine spleen cells, when administered intravenously to irradiated recipients together with antigen for 7 days, are induced to display either DTH reactivity or to mount a humoral (IgM and IgG) response. The class induced depends on the number of spleen cells given to the irradiated host. A low number of cells does not support the induction of any response, a medium number only gives rise to substantial DTH reactivity, whereas a high number only mounts a humoral (IgM and IgG) response. Observations show that the higher number of T cells in a large inoculum of spleen cells, compared to the number present in a medium one, is responsible for the absence of DTH reactivity and the mounting of a humoral response. This finding suggests that the induction of DTH precursor cells may occur when fewer antigen-specific helper-T-cell-dependent signals are generated than the number of signals required to induce B-cell precursors of the IgM and IgG classes. This possibility is favored by further observations. The administration of in situ irradiated, primed helper T cells to mice reconstituted with a medium number of normal spleen cells, results both in the specific suppression of the DTH response that occurs in the absence of these primed cells and in the mounting of a humoral response. PMID- 6227393 TI - Reversal of immunological tolerance by aclacinomycin through inhibition of suppressor cell activity. AB - The elimination of suppressor cells by aclacinomycin, which could be the mechanism by which immune responses are enhanced after its administration, was studied in mice in which tolerance had been induced by the injection of high doses of sheep red blood cells (SRBC). We observed that tolerance could not be induced in aclacinomycin-treated mice, and that aclacinomycin inhibited the expression of tolerance to SRBC. This drug also diminished the capacity of spleen cells from SRBC-tolerant mice to inhibit the response of normal animals upon adoptive transfer, indicating that suppressor cells had been eliminated from the tolerant spleen cell population. The efficiency of the elimination of suppressor cells for DTH reactions appears greater than that of suppressor cells for plaque forming cell responses. PMID- 6227394 TI - Differential reactivity of human lymphocytes allosensitized in vitro in hormonally defined medium or medium supplemented with plasma. AB - We compared the in vitro allogeneic response of human lymphocytes cultured in hormonally defined medium (HDM) with that of those cultured in plasma-containing medium (PCM). Differences occurred only in secondary MLR or PLT and in cell mediated cytotoxicity in terms of specificity, which was either greater or modified when HDM was used. PMID- 6227395 TI - A new basis for the immunoregulatory activities of transfer factor--an arcane dialect in the language of cells. PMID- 6227397 TI - [Psychology and anti-psychology in pediatric dentistry]. PMID- 6227396 TI - The regulatory roles of T4 and T8 subsets in tetanus toxoid-induced in vitro immunoglobulin production. AB - A new mitogenic system for in vitro immunoglobulin production induced by tetanus toxoid is presented and the role of T4 and T8 subsets in tetanus toxoid-induced in vitro immunoglobulin production is investigated. Purified T, T4, T8, and B cells from normal individuals previously immunized but not boosted with tetanus toxoid were cultured in helper and suppressor assays and the number of immunoglobulin-secreting cells were enumerated after culture using a hemolytic plaque assay. The regulatory roles of T4 and T8 cells in this tetanus toxoid system were compared with the role of these subsets after pokeweed mitogen stimulation. Although most of the immunoglobulin produced in the tetanus toxoid system was polyclonal, there were differences in the time course, the magnitude of the responses, the radiosensitivity of the subsets, and optimal T- to B-cell ratios for immunoglobulin production which distinguish the tetanus toxoid and pokeweed mitogen systems. PMID- 6227399 TI - Skiing by the physically handicapped. PMID- 6227398 TI - [The psychology of alienation and the alienation of psychology in pediatric dentistry]. PMID- 6227400 TI - Dermatologic problems in athletes. AB - The skin diseases observed in athletes are common dermatologic problems that are related specifically to the individual skin type, hereditary factors, age, sex, environment, and sporting activity. Early recognition and treatment of these skin diseases permit the athlete to continue participation without disability or reduced performance. PMID- 6227401 TI - [Inductive effect of primary sensory neurons on the development of encapsulated mechanoreceptors]. PMID- 6227403 TI - [Effect of traditional Chinese medicine on serum enzymes, platelet aggregation and blood rheology in acute myocardial infarction]. PMID- 6227402 TI - [Further investigation on the hypothesis of meridian-cortex-viscera interrelationship]. PMID- 6227404 TI - [Preliminary study on the treatment of coronary heart disease with total flavone of Caulis piperis Futokadsurae]. PMID- 6227405 TI - [Differential diagnosis and therapeutic effect in chronic liver disease--analysis of 181 cases]. PMID- 6227406 TI - [Treatment of chronic active hepatitis B with Dahuang Zhechong Wan and Wuren Chun]. PMID- 6227407 TI - [Treatment of deficiency of Qi of the lung with pills for replenishing the lung]. PMID- 6227408 TI - [24 cases of nocturnal paroxysmal hemoglobinuria treated with combined traditional Chinese and western medicine]. PMID- 6227409 TI - [Combined use of plaster cast, a small supporting board and Chinese medicine in the treatment of humeral fracture in the aged]. PMID- 6227410 TI - [Medicinal herb therapy of severe epithelial dysplasia of the esophagus]. PMID- 6227411 TI - [Combined traditional Chinese and western medicine in the treatment of a case of chronic complete heart block]. PMID- 6227412 TI - [Effect of kidney replenishing Chinese medicine on bone marrow microcirculation disorder caused by cyclophosphamide injection]. PMID- 6227413 TI - [A model for splenic deficiency caused by irregular eating and its treatment with traditional Chinese medicine]. PMID- 6227414 TI - [Experimental study on the anticoagulative action of Danshensu]. PMID- 6227415 TI - [Anti-inflammatory actions of tanshinone]. PMID- 6227416 TI - [Preliminary observation on the therapeutic effect of Astragalus membranaceus in experimental anti-glomerular basement membrane nephritis in rabbits]. PMID- 6227417 TI - [Effects of the skin potential activity and respiratory movement in the practice of Qi-Gong in different postures]. PMID- 6227418 TI - [New practices, concepts and schools of thought--breakthrough and developments in research on theories of traditional Chinese medicine]. PMID- 6227419 TI - [Current practice in the application of activating blood circulation and removing stasis in the surgical department]. PMID- 6227421 TI - Comparison of the transport of chlorozotocin and CCNU in L1210 leukemia and murine bone marrow cells in vitro. AB - The uptake of radiolabeled CLZ and CCNU by L1210 leukemia and murine bone marrow cells was investigated to determine whether the preferential ratio of alkylation of L1210 DNA to murine bone marrow DNA of 1.3 by 0.1 mM CLZ, as against a ratio of 0.6 by equimolar CCNU, is secondary to differences in uptake. The concentration of intact CLZ was determined in the medium and the intracellular water space. The cell: medium ratio (intracellular concentration/medium concentration) of CLZ in bone marrow cells was greater than that seen for L1210 cells. However, the intracellular CLZ concentration generally remained constant in both cell types at 37 degrees C, between 7.0 and 10.0 pmole/microliters. The L1210: murine bone marrow cell ratio of intracellular CLZ concentrations was approximately 1.0 from 10 to 60 min. The intracellular CCNU concentration during the uptake of 0.1 mM (chloroethyl-U-14C) CCNU at 37 degrees C was constant at 85 pmol/microliters from 10 to 60 min in L1210 cells, but slowly decreased from 66 pmole/microliters at 20 min to 43 pmole/microliters at 60 min in bone marrow cells. The L1210: murine bone marrow cell ratio of intracellular CCNU concentrations ranged from 1.45 to 1.98 from 20 to 60 min. Thus, it appears that the preferential ratio of alkylation of L1210 DNA to murine bone marrow DNA by CLZ compared with equimolar CCNU cannot be explained by differences in uptake of the two agents by the two cell types. The uptake of 0.1 mM CLZ at 37 degrees C by L1210 cells in McCoy's 5A medium containing 300 mg% glucose was not affected by the addition of 5 mM cold drug, nor was it affected by the absence of glucose in the medium, with or without cold drug. This suggests that CLZ uptake into L1210 cells is via passive diffusion and that CLZ does not enter these cells via the glucose transport mechanism. PMID- 6227420 TI - Therapeutic evaluation of five nitrosoureas in a human melanoma xenograft system. AB - The development of nitrosoureas has switched from more lipophilic derivatives to congeners with higher water-solubility, since this property was presumably associated with a decrease in myelosuppression. We have compared the therapeutic efficacy of clinically well-known lipophilic nitrosoureas BCNU, CCNU, and MeCCNU with the recently introduced water-soluble nitrosoureas chlorozotocin (CZT) and hydroxyethyl-CNU (HeCNU), using a human melanoma xenograft system. There were considerable differences in tumor-inhibitory activity, with HeCNU ranking first and CZT last, and the rank order was similar for drug-induced lethality or bone marrow damage (in terms of reduced cellularity or macromolecular DNA damage). When the doses are expressed as percentages of the corresponding LD10/30 values, CZT ranks last and HeCNU low among conventional nitrosoureas. We conclude that water-solubility is not associated with reduced myelosuppression and that other guidelines will have to be adopted for rational development of nitrosoureas. PMID- 6227422 TI - Differences in transformation of repair-deficient mutants of E. coli with BPDE- or chlorozotocin-modified plasmid DNA. AB - Plasmid pBR322 was alkylated with either chlorozotocin or with r-7,t-8-dihydroxy t-9,10-epoxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo-[a]pyrene (BPDE) before it was transformed into various strains of Escherichia coli. Plasmid survival was determined as ability to convert the bacteria to tetracycline and ampicillin resistance. Increased levels of alkylation caused a decrease in transforming activity in all strains studied. This decrease did not seem to be a result of alkylation induced strand scission, but rather some other biochemical or conformational change induced by the alkylating event. In E. coli AB1157 transformation was decreased by 50% with 6 alkylations/plasmid molecule for BPDE and 8-9 alkylations for chlorozotocin. At these levels of alkylation the loss in supercoiled DNA due to strand scission was less than 5%. Alkylated pBR322 was also transformed into repair-deficient strains of E. coli. In strain JC2924 (recA6) the survival of both BPDE- and chlorozotocin-modified DNA was similar to survival in the repair proficient strain AB1157, which would indicate that postreplicational repair of BPDE- or chlorozotocin-modified plasmid DNA was not significant under these conditions. Chlorozotocin-modified pBR322 did not seem to be repaired by the bacterial uvr-endonucleases as determined by plasmid survival in strains AB1884 (uvrC34), AB1885 (uvrB5) and AB1886 (uvrA6). With BPDE-alkylated plasmid DNA the results were strikingly different. Strains AB1884 and AB1886 were more sensitive to BPDE modified DNA than the wild type strain AB1157. Strain AB1885 was similar to AB1157 in sensitivity to BPDE-alkylated plasmid. These findings suggest that bacterial uvr-endonucleases may be able to recognize and repair BPDE-alkylated pBR322. The role of the uvrB protein in repair of alkylated DNA needs to be further investigated. PMID- 6227423 TI - Site specific cleavage of phi X-174 replicative form DNA after modification by N acetoxy-N-2-acetylaminofluorene. AB - Three kinds of structural disturbances were found in an 88 base pair (bp) fragment of phi X-174 DNA after exposure to N-acetoxy-N-2-acetylaminofluorene (N Aco-AAF). (i) Frequent strand scissions at two specific guanine sites on the 5' 32P-end-labeled fragment were identified by base sequence analysis. Scissions at these two sites were induced at neutral pH and they were not increased by treatment with apurinic endonuclease. They are an immediate consequence of N-Aco AAF action and are not primarily apurinic sites. (ii) Alkali treatment with 1 M piperidine at 90 degrees C induced strand scissions at every guanine, demonstrating adduct slices, depurination and strand scissions. (iii) Adducted DNA was sensitive to single-strand specific nuclease digestion, suggesting unwound DNA. These studies indicate the prediliction of N-Aco-AAF for certain DNA sites and they suggest three kinds of DNA modifications which can be expected after adduction by this carcinogen. Some of the sites may be premutational carcinogen-induced DNA structural modifications. PMID- 6227424 TI - Group programmes for parents of children with various handicaps. AB - Programmes were conducted with groups of parents of school-aged, physically handicapped, hearing impaired, and, mildly and moderately mentally handicapped children. In this paper the salient features of the organization of these parent programmes are discussed. Programmes have involved six to eight weekly 2 hour sessions. The format of each session included both lecture presentation and discussion in small groups. Discussions were led by educational psychologists using a combination of reflective and behavioural procedures. Evaluation, by means of post-programme questionnaires and attendance checks, has shown that parents have found programmes to be valuable. An integral part of the parent programmes has been the training of special education teachers in the attitudes and skills necessary for working with parents of handicapped children. The introduction of group programmes is considered to complement the individual training and counselling services already available to such parents in New Zealand. PMID- 6227425 TI - Mothers' play with toys: a longitudinal study with Down's syndrome infants. AB - Play with parents is recognized as an important learning medium for all children, yet there have been remarkably few studies of mothers' spontaneous actions with toys while playing with their children and none at all with Down's syndrome infants. This was a home-based study which commenced when the infants were 12 months old, and observations were made at approximately 6-weekly intervals until the infants were 24 months old. Significant differences were noted in mothers' play patterns with different toys and over the year there were marked changes in their actions. These seemed to result from developments in the children's play with toys. The findings reinforce the competency of most mothers as interactors with, and teachers of, their children. Possible implications for intervention strategies are discussed, especially the provision of more specific information about the sequences of development in children's play. PMID- 6227426 TI - Breast feeding in infants with Down's syndrome. AB - Fifty-nine mothers of infants with Down's syndrome were interviewed about methods of early feeding and the problems encountered. Antenatally, 29 mothers had wished to breast feed and 16 were successful. According to the mothers, 31 babies had no difficulty in establishing sucking, 4 were slow for less than 1 week, 8 took 1 week and 16 took longer than 1 week. Severe cardiac anomaly was associated with poor sucking ability. It was concluded that infants with Down's syndrome do not inevitably have initial feeding problems and can be breast fed successfully, but their mothers need to persevere and to be given hospital support and encouragement. PMID- 6227427 TI - Young people with disabilities: what happens after 16? AB - This article presents some findings from a recent postal survey of young adults aged 16-21 years with severe disabilities. The study was funded by the Department of Health and Social Security and is based on a sample of over 1,000 drawn from the register of families helped by the Family Fund. Information was collected on the usual weekday activities of the young people. Parents were asked whether they were satisfied with the way in which their son/daughter was occupied and about any changes or difficulties since he/she left school. The research indicates that: there is a considerable gap in access to paid employment for young people with disabilities compared with young people in general; there is substantial variation in the occupational experience of young adults with different types of impairment; and the transition from school to further education, training, employment, unemployment or day care can be difficult. Implications of these findings are discussed. PMID- 6227428 TI - Triple control of relaxation: implications in cardiac disease. PMID- 6227429 TI - A pulsed Doppler echocardiographic method for calculating pulmonary and systemic blood flow in atrial level shunts: validation studies in animals and initial human experience. AB - The purpose of this study was to assess the accuracy of a quantitative two dimensional range-gated Doppler echocardiographic method for estimating systemic and pulmonary flows in an open-chest canine preparation with a variable-sized atrial level shunt mimicking an atrial septal defect. In addition, we also report our initial experience with 10 children who had isolated atrial septal defects and who had pulmonary and systemic flow rations (QP:QS) determined by Doppler echocardiography simultaneously with green dye-shunt calculations in the cardiac catheterization laboratory. Ten mongrel dogs weighing 20 to 30 kg were anesthetized, intubated, and mechanically ventilated. Previously calibrated electromagnetic flow probes were placed around the ascending aorta and main pulmonary artery, and an atrial level shunt was created by inserting one-half inch diameter cannulae into the left and right atrial appendages and connecting both cannulae to 3/4 inch tubing that passed through a previously calibrated extracorporeal mechanical roller pump. This permitted quantitation as well as regulation of shunt size and direction. With each step-by-step variation in shunt magnitude, systemic and pulmonary flows were estimated by Doppler echocardiography and were matched to the simultaneous electromagnetic flowmeter recordings. Doppler-estimated systemic blood flow was obtained by imaging and recording Doppler flow velocities in the ascending aorta with the transducer positioned directly over the vessel. Doppler pulmonary flow was obtained by imaging the main pulmonary artery on the short-axis view and by determining flow velocity with the sample volume placed distal to the pulmonic valve.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6227430 TI - Ocular surface pH in Rosacea. PMID- 6227431 TI - Adrenal androgenic female-pattern alopecia: sex hormones and the balding woman. PMID- 6227432 TI - Androgens and the pilosebaceous follicle in women: technology catches up with the clinician. PMID- 6227433 TI - Quantification of human serum lipoprotein Lp(a): zone immunoelectrophoresis assay, a new sensitive method as compared to electroimmuno assay. AB - This study aimed at improving the immunological procedures for the quantification of human serum lipoprotein Lp(a). Lipoprotein Lp(a) was estimated by two immunoelectrophoretic methods: electroimmunoassay and zone immunoelectrophoresis assay. Whereas the electroimmunoassay gave curvilinear calibration lines (in peak height versus concentration plots) the zone immunoelectrophoresis assay revealed linearity in the same concentration range. The results obtained are in good agreement with each other (r = 0.975). The inter-assay coefficient of variation for the zone immunoelectrophoresis assay was 12% as determined by the use of a lyophilised reference serum. Zone immunoelectrophoresis assay is recommended for the routine quantification of lipoprotein Lp(a). Although the levels for total cholesterol (p less than 0.0025), HDL-cholesterol (p less than 0.001) and triglycerides (p less than 0.025) differed significantly between male (n = 24) and female (n = 22) individuals, no difference could be detected comparing the frequency distributions of Lp(a)-levels found for the male and the female group. PMID- 6227434 TI - Left ventricular mass in middle-aged men. Relationship to blood pressure, sympathetic nervous activity, hormonal and metabolic factors. AB - Left ventricular (LV) mass was studied echocardiographically in 120 middle-aged men representing a wide range of blood pressures (BP) and its relation to the following factors was analysed: BP measured in different resting situations and during isometric exercise, 24 hour urinary noradrenaline excretion and plasma noradrenaline, plasma renin activity, plasma angiotensin II, plasma aldosterone, blood glucose and plasma insulin. Each BP measurement showed weak but significant correlation with LV mass in the entire study group. In the upper BP range only BP measured during isometric exercise was correlated with LV mass. In the upper BP range there were also significant correlations between both the 24 hour urinary noradrenaline excretion and plasma aldosterone and LV mass, while blood glucose and plasma insulin were significantly correlated with LV mass in the intermediate BP range. Thus there was a surprisingly low correlation between LV mass and arterial BP. The findings regarding sympathetic nervous activity, hormonal and metabolic factors might indicate that these factors are involved in the pathogenesis of an increased LV mass in some individuals with essential hypertension. PMID- 6227435 TI - Prevalence of eczema and other dermatoses of the hands and arms in the Netherlands. Association with age and occupation. PMID- 6227436 TI - Prostaglandin E2 regulation of human specific B-cell response: interaction with a monocyte product. AB - The effect of exogeneous prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) on the specific plaque-forming cell (PFC) response in cultures of non-adherent human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBM) was tested. When added on Day 2 of the cultures PGE2 inhibits the induction of the PFC response, and the maximum inhibition (50%) is obtained with 300 nM PGE2. When PBM are cultured during the first 24 hr with the same concentration of PGE2 their PFC response is enhanced and the target of this enhancement is a T cell. When PGE2 is added on Day 0 it does not affect the response, probably because of a balance between these two opposing effects. However, in the latter conditions a prostaglandin-free monocyte supernatant can render PGE2 suppressive. The monocyte supernatant acts by inhibiting the stimulatory effect after the interaction between PGE2 and T cells. Thus the effect of PGE2 depends on its time of action and on the concomitant production of a nondialyzable factor by monocytes. PMID- 6227437 TI - Glomerulonephritis associated with chronic bacterial infection of a dacron arterial prosthesis. AB - Glomerulonephritis associated with severe chronic visceral or systemic infection is being increasingly recognized. The development of glomerulonephritis in association with chronic infection of prosthetic material permanently implanted in the circulatory system has been regularly reported since the description of "shunt nephritis" by Black, Challacombe and Ockenden in 1965. Nearly all of these cases have involved ventriculo-vascular shunts. However, this report documents the apparently rare association between glomerulonephritis and chronic bacterial infection of a bifurcate dacron aorto-bifemoral graft. The need for awareness of glomerulonephritis as a cause of acute renal failure in chronic infective states is highlighted. PMID- 6227438 TI - The MHC in human bone marrow allotransplantation. AB - In this chapter, we have considered the theoretical and practical background of bone marrow transplantation. The immune response and its regulation by genes within the major histocompatibility complex, particularly of the I region of the mouse and of the HLA-D/DR region in man, is of central importance in both graft acceptance (rejection) and graft-versus-host disease. Methods which are available for typing alleles at the HLA-A, -C, -B, -DR and complotype (BF, C2, C4A, C4B) loci, have been considered in detail. The extent to which recombination affects specific alleles on haplotypes within families is discussed, as is the occurrence of linkage disequilibrium and extended haplotypes in populations of unrelated individuals. Because the HLA-DR and complotype region in man is thought to be critical for the success of bone marrow transplantation, methods for typing of HLA-D by both the HTC and PLT approaches have been examined. Although HLA-D/DR assignments are easily made in normal subjects, they are ambiguous in about 50 per cent of candidates for bone marrow transplantation, including, particularly, patients with aplastic anaemia, leukaemia, and severe combined immunodeficiency. In this setting, it is particularly important to obtain additional information by modification of HLA-D typing procedures and through complotype and GLO allele determinations in all family members. Finally, we can hope that there will be an increased possibility of using non-family donors through methods for removing cytotoxic T cells from donor marrow and through the identification, in the general population, of individuals who are genotypically similar or identical to the recipient. In this regard, the recognition that some 30 per cent of chromosome 6 in caucasians (50 per cent of individuals) bear extended haplotypes, which include a relatively fixed set of alleles particularly in the HLA-B, -DR, complotype and GLO regions, offers considerable promise. PMID- 6227439 TI - Computerized tomography of pelvic osteomyelitis in patients with spinal cord injuries. AB - Computerized tomography (CT) was performed in 19 patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) who had large pressure sores and in whom other complications were suspected. CT detected the depth, extent, and degree of undermining of the edges of the pressure sores in 19 of 27 lesions. Conventional radiography detected four cases of pelvic osteomyelitis. CT detected eight additional cases of pelvic osteomyelitis, as well as eight clinically unsuspected peripelvic and intrapelvic abscesses. Technetium-99m bone scanning was not very helpful because of localization in chronic proliferative changes of bone and widespread foci of myositis ossificans, as well as in osteomyelitis. Gallium-67 scanning detected only one of six abscesses. It was not very helpful because of confusion of abscess and osteomyelitis with intense soft tissue swelling and cellulitis, which are often associated with pressure sores in patients with chronic SCI. CT was found to be, by far, the modality of choice for detection of pelvic osteomyelitis and abscess in patients with SCI. PMID- 6227440 TI - Unilateral septic sacro-iliitis. Importance of the anterior view of the bone scan. AB - Two cases of unilateral septic sacro-iliitis are reported. Importance of the anterior view of sacroiliac joints on the radionuclide bone scan is stressed. Limitation of the posterior view in evaluation of sacroiliac joints may lead to misdiagnosis and false negative results in unilateral sacro-illiac disease. PMID- 6227441 TI - Technetium-99m methylene diphosphonate accumulation in the diaphragm after severe ischemia. PMID- 6227442 TI - Tc-99m MDP and indium-111 chloride scintigraphy in skeletal tuberculosis. AB - A case of diffuse osseous tuberculosis with changes on skeletal Tc-99m methylene diphosphonate (MDP) and indium-111 chloride scintigraphy is presented. Only two other cases of bone scan findings in osseous tuberculosis (TB) were reported in the literature and both show patterns similar to diffuse metastatic disease. In addition, the demonstration of corresponding areas of decreased tracer activity on indium-111 bone marrow scintigraphy is a finding that has not been previously reported for skeletal tuberculosis. PMID- 6227443 TI - Osteopetrosis appearance on bone scan. PMID- 6227444 TI - Tc-99m MDP uptake in the lower extremity. An interesting artifact. PMID- 6227445 TI - The respiratory muscles in emphysema. PMID- 6227446 TI - Skeletal muscle myosins from the yak (Bos grunniens), cattle (Bos taurus) and their hybrids. AB - The skeletal muscle myosins of the yak (Bos grunniens), of cattle (Bos taurus) and of their first and second filial generation hybrids have been studied by ATPase measurements, fluorescence spectroscopy, near-ultraviolet circular dichroism and peptide mapping on polyacrylamide gels. The ATPase activities, the intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence enhancement upon addition of ATP and the circular dichroism spectra of the four myosins were closely comparable. Peptide maps of the myosin heavy chains indicate extensive sequence homologies but do reveal differences between the myosins of the yak and cattle. PMID- 6227447 TI - Changes in lysosomal enzyme activities in exercise-induced cardiac hypertrophy of mice. AB - The activities of several lysosomal enzymes were assayed in control and in exercise-hypertrophied cardiac muscle of mice (Mus musculus). The repeated running program increased the activity of beta-glucuronidase (16.1%) in mouse cardiac muscle. Decreased activities of beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase (10.8%), acid ribonuclease (10.7%), and arylsulphatase (14.2%) were observed in the hypertrophied myocardium. The activities of acid deoxyribonuclease, cathepsin C, cathepsin D, and p-nitrophenylphosphatase as well as the activities of citrate synthase and cytochrome c oxidase, mitochondrial enzymes, were unaffected in cardiac muscle. We suggest that lysosomal enzyme responses are selective and highly different in physiologically and pathologically induced cardiac hypertrophies. PMID- 6227448 TI - Phylogenetic studies of cardiac myosins from amphibia to mammals. AB - Comparison between pig atrial and ventricular myosins was performed on the light chains (using SDS-PAGE) and on the heavy chains (using Ca2+-ATPase measurements and NTCBA peptide mapping). Light chain composition of pig cardiac myosins was compared to three other species ones (frog, chicken and human). Up to birds, atrial and ventricular myosin light chain composition was identical whereas in mammals atrial and ventricular myosin light chain composition was different; likewise the heavy chains. Six cardiac myosin isoenzymes have been thus characterized. No correlation can be established between cardiac myosin light chain pattern and species evolution. PMID- 6227449 TI - Myosin and actin from ascidian smooth muscle and their interaction. AB - Myosin and actin were purified from ascidian smooth muscle. Ascidian myosin contained two classes of light chains and the pH dependence of Ca2+-activated ATPase and the KCl dependence of actin-activated ATPase of ascidian myosin differed from those of vertebrate skeletal myosin. Troponin-tropomyosin complex from ascidian increased the ATPase activity of ascidian reconstituted actomyosin in a Ca2+-dependent manner. Ascidian myosin provided the reconstituted actomyosin with the responsiveness to calcium ions. Two actin isoforms were present in ascidian, which were distinguished by isoelectric points. PMID- 6227450 TI - A comparison of the proteoglycans produced by rabbit articular chondrocytes in monolayer and spinner culture and those of bovine nasal cartilage. AB - The structural and immunological properties of the glycosaminoglycans and the core proteins of bovine nasal cartilage proteoglycan and the proteoglycans produced by rabbit articular chondrocytes in spinner and monolayer culture were compared. Culture medium with 35SO4- or 3H-serine-labeled proteoglycan was mixed with bovine nasal cartilage 4M guanidine-HCl extract and digested with trypsin. The proteoglycan fragments were then isolated by DEAE-cellulose chromatography and fractionated by dissociative CsCl density gradient centrifugation. Approximately 90% of the 35SO4 incorporated into proteoglycan by the cultured chondrocytes was in chondroitin sulfates and about 5% in keratan sulfate. Although there was considerable overlap in the Sepharose 4B elution of the tryptic proteoglycan fragments of highest buoyant density, some monolayer produced proteoglycan fragments eluted earlier and some spinner-produced proteoglycan fragments eluted later than the proteoglycan fragments from bovine nasal cartilage. These differences in apparent fragment size could relate to differences in glycosaminoglycan chain length, since the glycosaminoglycans released by treatment with alkali from monolayer-produced proteoglycan in part eluted from Sepharose 4B earlier and those from spinner-produced proteoglycan in part eluted later than the chondroitin sulfate chains released from bovine cartilage proteoglycan. After digestion with chondroitinase ABC, 3H-serine labeled high density tryptic proteoglycan fragments from monolayer and spinner culture yielded Sepharose 6B elution profiles which were similar to each other but did not coincide with the peaks of carbazole reactivity found with similarly treated fragments of bovine nasal cartilage proteoglycan. Cross-reactivity was demonstrated by radioimmunoautography between bovine cartilage and rabbit chondrocyte proteoglycan fragments restricted to gradient fractions of low buoyant density, but immunological cross-reactivity was not found for the antigens associated with the keratan sulfate-rich and chondroitin sulfate-bearing tryptic fragments of bovine nasal cartilage proteoglycan. These studies indicate that the proteoglycan core proteins produced by rabbit articular chondrocytes in monolayer and spinner culture are, in part, different from the core protein of bovine nasal cartilage proteoglycan and that the three proteoglycans differ in the length of some of their chondroitin sulfate chains. PMID- 6227451 TI - Organization of collagen fibers in the intestine. AB - The characteristic extinction pattern which is observed when the submucosa is viewed in the optical polarizing microscope has been analyzed in terms of the configuration and orientation of the 4 micron diameter collagen fibers. It is shown that the observed polarization effects are produced by periodic variations in orientation of fully birefringent fibers. The fiber configuration required to produce the observed polarization effects is a tilted wave configuration with a crimp period of approximately 20 micron. In the model, the tilted waveform fibers are crimped in register and form parallel arrays. The arrays are oriented in layers at approximately +30 degrees and -30 degrees to the longitudinal direction and are mirror images of each other. Analysis of the extinction pattern shows that the model satisfactorily accounts for the observed polarization effects at several different angles of the crossed polaroids. The calculated strain necessary to straighten the wavy fibers of the model correlates well with the observed strain to uncrimp the collagen fibers in the intestine. This suggests that the initial response to stress is gradual uncrimping of the collagen fibers, and concurrently, a decrease in the angle between biaxially oriented fibers, rather than extension of the straight fibers. PMID- 6227453 TI - A partial characterization of the major fluorophore of bovine ligamentum elastin. AB - Several chemical methods were used to partially characterize the structure of the major fluorophore of bovine ligament elastin. The fluorophore was not soluble in ether and, therefore, is not a lipid. Based on the spectra of the fluorophore when dissolved in water-saturated n-butanol and the lack of an ionization effect on the fluorescence between pH 2 and 10, it is concluded that the fluorophore has neutral charge in this pH range. Below pH 2, changes noted in fluorescence most likely reflected protonation of the fluorophore. No derivatization occurred with phenylisothiocyanate, o-phthaladehyde or carbodiimide, indicating that the fluorophore is unlikely to be an amino acid. Fluorescence was diminished by strong acid, alkali and ultraviolet irradiation. It is concluded that the fluorophore is a nitrogen-heterocyclic compound distinct from previously reported elastin fluorophores. The precursor for this compound is not apparent, though it appears to be exogenous to elastin. PMID- 6227452 TI - Variation of elastin fluorescence with method of preparation: determination of the major fluorophore of fibrillar elastin. AB - The variation of fluorescence of two fibrillar elastins as a result of preparation methods was studied and the major common fluorophore was identified. Dilution of acid-hydrolyzed bovine ligament elastin 1:2500 (g:ml) overcame inner filter effects (IFE) to reveal fluorescence excitation and emission maxima of 330/408 nm. An IFE effect observed in elastase-solubilized elastin was unresponsive to dilution. Elastase-solubilized elastin had maximal fluorescence at 338/410 nm (pH 2.3) and 325/394 nm (pH 7.4), and the fluorescence intensity was 35-40% of that of the acid-hydrolyzed elastin. Changes in fluorescence that occurred when an acid hydrolysate was evaporated to dryness were prevented by evaporation to a volume not less than 15 ml. As a result, there was an almost two fold increase in the yield of a fluorophore with spectral maxima near 340/400 nm. Chick aorta elastin purified by enzymatic methods also contained substantial amounts of this fluorophore. It is concluded that the compound with fluorescence of 340/400 nm is the major common fluorophore of postnatal fibrillar elastins. PMID- 6227454 TI - Transport of neutral amino acids by adult articular cartilage. AB - The transport of three neutral amino acids: alanine, serine and leucine and the non-metabolizable analogue aminoisobutyric acid (AIB) was characterized in bovine articular cartilage slices. Alanine and serine were strongly concentrated intracellularly by a factor of 4.5 and 5 respectively and were transported in a sodium dependent and pH sensitive manner. AIB was concentrated by a factor of 1.8 with respect to the extracellular medium and was also transported in a sodium dependent and pH sensitive manner. Leucine was concentrated weakly across the chondrocyte membrane (X1.1) and its transport was independent of sodium ion concentration and the lowering of the extracellular pH. The apparent Km of transport of alanine, serine, leucine and AIB was determined to be 0.46 mM, 0.69 mM, 0.93 mM and 0.66 mM respectively and the values of Vmax were 35.8, 52.1, 14.8 and 6.8 pmol/min per mg respectively. It was shown that both alanine and serine were transported predominantly by system ASC (63.8% and 67.4% respectively) with a small percentage of transport occurring via system A. AIB was transported mainly by system A (76.0%) and leucine was transported equally via systems L (48.4%) and ASC (45.0%). PMID- 6227455 TI - Connective tissue in health and disease symposium. Melbourne, Australia, August 1982. Abstracts - Part III: Cell-matrix interaction. PMID- 6227456 TI - Insertion of the laparoscopic Trocar without the use of carbon dioxide gas. AB - Nine-hundred-and-fourteen patients have undergone the single puncture Falope Ring laparoscopic tubal ligations in a community hospital without prior insufflation of carbon dioxide gas. Anesthesia time averaged 10.5 minutes, surgical procedure time averaged 8.1 minutes. The patients left the hospital in satisfactory condition in the afternoon of the procedure. The only complication was a failed ligation (0.1%). Two-week follow-up showed no untoward complications. Omission of carbon dioxide insufflation before Trocar insertion lowers complications such as nausea, emesis, and post-operative pain. Also, anesthesia and surgical times are reduced. None of the patients required intubation during anesthesia. PMID- 6227457 TI - Morphological changes of the heart arteries in experimental stenosis of the pulmonary artery trunk and their reversibility after correction of the defect. AB - Experimental stenosis of the pulmonary artery trunk was induced in 48 puppies, and using a comprehensive histomicrometric method the condition of the heart arteries was investigated during the defect and after its correction. Six to twelve months after the operation, the young dogs developed cardiac hypertrophy, hyperplasia of the minute branches of the coronary arteries and hypertrophic hyperplastic changes in the wall of the coronary arteries at all levels of their branching. In 18 puppies, the stenosis was corrected, which after 6 to 12 months led to a regression of the hypertrophic changes in the heart and its vessels. At the same time, the arterial bed got gradually adapted to the new conditions of circulation, which was manifested by the fact that part of the minute arteries changed into closing-type arteries, and blood flow in them decreased. PMID- 6227458 TI - Standard of care for the patient with percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. PMID- 6227459 TI - The phenytoin syndrome. AB - Five cases of the phenytoin syndrome are reviewed here. This hypersensitivity reaction is characterized by fever, eruption, lymphadenopathy, and hepatitis. Anemia, pharyngitis, diarrhea, and nephritis may also be associated. The skin eruption is pleomorphic, presenting as morbilliform eruptions, follicular papules and pustules, erythroderma, or toxic epidermal necrolysis. The management of these patients is made more difficult by the tendency for multiple relapses even after the use of phenytoin has been discontinued. PMID- 6227460 TI - Plasma citrate in relation to glucose and free fatty acid metabolism in man. PMID- 6227461 TI - Research in the Sudan on child and family concerns. PMID- 6227463 TI - Host and parasite factors influencing the expression of cutaneous leishmaniasis. AB - Host and parasite factors influencing the expression of cutaneous leishmaniasis were investigated in two murine models of different leishmanial diseases. The role of B lymphocytes in the uncontrolled disease manifested by BALB/c mice infected with cutaneous leishmaniasis was investigated in animals of this inbred strain depleted of B cells by neonatal administration of anti-mouse mu-chain antisera. Whereas non-depleted control mice developed chronic metastatic infections with both Leishmania tropica and Leishmania mexicana and showed depressed delayed-type hypersensitivity when skin-tested with leishmanial antigens, the mu-suppressed mice controlled their initial lesions while displaying strong antigen-specific delayed-type hypersensitivity. These findings reveal an inverse relationship between humoral and cell-mediated immunity in the expression of chronic leishmaniasis and suggest that B lymphocytes or their products regulate the delayed-type hypersensitivity response to leishmanial infection. In a separate study, healing and chronic strains of Leishmania were compared for their susceptibility to killing by lymphokine-activated mouse peritoneal macrophages. Whereas amastigotes of the healing strains were readily destroyed by these macrophages, amastigotes of two Leishmania strains, previously shown to produce chronic infections in mice, were resistant to killing by the same cells. These findings suggest that the ability of certain leishmanial strains to induce chronic disease may result from their capacity to evade intracellular destruction by activated macrophages. PMID- 6227462 TI - Factors influencing the host response to Leishmania mexicana. AB - The immune response of resistant and susceptible mice infected with Leishmania mexicana has been studied. In resistant mice infection was associated with the development of delayed hypersensitivity to parasite antigens and the development of specific antibodies, and protective immunity to a subsequent challenge infection with L. mexicana was demonstrable. After adoptive transfer of lymph node cells and peritoneal cells from immune donors, recipient mice showed an increased ability to control a challenge infection. T lymphocytes from recovering mice, transferred together with parasite antigens, mediated a specific delayed hypersensitivity. In a local cell-transfer assay, peritoneal cells from immune mice produced significant protection against a living inoculum. Immune serum enhanced the protection conferred by peritoneal cells, but immune serum alone was ineffective. It is postulated that immunity to L. mexicana is mediated by collaboration between T-cell activated macrophages and antibodies. In susceptible BALB/c mice, infection with L. mexicana led to the activation of specific and non specific suppressor cells. The former are related to T cells whereas the latter belong to the splenic population of adherent cells. Non-specific suppression by these adherent cells was at least partially associated with the release of a suppressor factor that could inhibit the blastogenic response of normal spleen cells activated by mitogens. Both in vitro and in vivo studies suggested the participation of a high parasite load in the induction of non-specific suppressor cells and polyclonal lymphocyte activation. PMID- 6227464 TI - Hair copper and zinc concentrations in handicapped children treated with anticonvulsants. AB - Hair copper and zinc contents were measured in 95 handicapped children aged from 4 to 17 years and 48 age- and sex-matched control children. The patients consisted of 5 groups: children untreated with anticonvulsants (n = 7), those treated with phenytoin and phenobarbital (n = 32), those treated with phenytoin, phenobarbital and diazepam (n = 18), those treated with diazepam alone (n = 16) and those treated with phenobarbital alone (n = 12). The patients were all institutionalized in the same medical care unit and received the same diet, containing decreased amounts of copper (75% of control) and sufficient amounts of zinc. The patients belonging to all of the 5 groups had less amounts of hair copper (p less than 0.05) and erythrocyte hemoglobin (p less than 0.01) in comparison to controls. The patients receiving diazepam alone or in addition to other anticonvulsants had significantly less hair zinc content (p less than 0.05) in comparison to controls or other patient groups. Thus, diazepam seemed to have an adverse effect, producing zinc deficiency. PMID- 6227465 TI - Intravenous digital subtraction angiography as used in a general hospital: a toy or a tool? AB - Although the exact role of digital subtraction angiography (DSA) in diagnostic radiology has not yet been determined, DSA appears to occupy a key position in diagnosing various vascular disorders. The examinations have been performed in a general, nonacademic, nonspecialized hospital for a period of 10 months. No clinical trials or comparative studies have been performed. The number of conventional angiograms has decreased by 43% in comparison to a year ago. PMID- 6227466 TI - Nicotinamide and its derivatives increase growth hormone and prolactin synthesis in cultured GH3 cells: role for ADP-ribosylation in modulating specific gene expression. AB - To determine if changes in ADP-ribosylation of the chromosomal proteins can influence the expression of specific genes, the effects of compounds that influence this modification were investigated on the expression of the growth hormone (GH) and prolactin (Prl) genes in cultured rat pituitary (GH3) cells. The drugs tested, nicotinamide, N'-methylnicotinamide, 5-methylnicotinamide, 3 acetylpyridine, and 3-aminobenzamide, decrease ADP-ribosylation either by inhibiting (ADP-ribose)n synthetase and/or by decreaseing cellular levels of NAD+, the substrate for the enzyme. These drugs increased the synthesis of both GH and Prl and were synergistic in stimulating an increase in GH synthesis in response to triiodothyronine, a physiological regulator of GH synthesis. N' methylnicotinamide, the most effective agent, was analyzed in detail; it increased the synthesis of both GH and Prl (maximally after 2 days) and increased their mRNAs in parallel; furthermore, this effect was reversible after drug removal. The effects of N'-methylnicotinamide were relatively specific for GH and Prl, since the synthesis of only a few other proteins was affected. These data suggest that changes in ADP-ribosylation can modulate the expression of specific genes. PMID- 6227468 TI - [Contact allergy to Anacardiaceae. A review and case reports of poison ivy allergy in central Europe]. AB - In Europe, as opposed to North America, poison-ivy rash is hardly known. For this reason a detailed review of the allergenic members of the Anacardiaceae family is given, and the misleading nomenclature of "poison ivy", "poison oak", and some other species of this family are discussed. An up-to-date representation of the chemical structure of the allergenic substance group (denoted as "Urushiol") from this family is provided as well as botanical information regarding the plants themselves. Prevention of this dangerous sensitization and the therapy of this allergic reaction are discussed. The four cases presented are as follows: a young German woman who became sensitized to poison ivy or poison oak while in the USA and showed a cross reaction to other Rhus species (R. copallina, R. javanica (semialata), R. trichocarpa) as well as to Choerospondias axillaris var. japonica and to mangoes; a landscape gardener with an occupationally acquired allergy to Anacardium occidentale; and two control persons giving positive results to skin tests with Urushiol and Rhus trichocarpa respectively, to which the source of sensitization could not be clarified. Tests with three kinds of pistachio and two native-European Anacardiaceae (Rhus typhina and Cotinus coggygria) yielded negative results in each case. Prophylaxis to sensitization requires familiarity with the numerous Anacardiaceae and derivative products to which one could come in contact. These substances, summarized in a table, include mango, cashew and "sweet pepper". PMID- 6227467 TI - [Isolation and characteristics of the nucleosomes from the mold Neurospora crassa]. PMID- 6227469 TI - Occupational health reporting systems in England. PMID- 6227470 TI - Impairment of human brain development: glycoconjugate and lipid changes in congenital athyroidism. AB - The brain glycoconjugates, glycosidases and lipids have been studied in a case of human congenital athyroidism never treated with hormonal replacement. Increase of membrane-bound mucopolysaccharides has been found in the grey matter. Total lipids in the white matter, and phospholipids, and total glycolipids and cholesterol in both white and grey matter were reduced. Sialic acid (NeuNAc) and hexosamines in the cytosol grey matter were significantly raised, while they were reduced in the membrane-bound grey fraction. These biochemical findings confirm impairment of the myelination process in human hypothyroidism as is well established in experimental hypothyroidism. The significant changes in the carbohydrate moieties of the brain glycoproteins focus attention on complex alterations of structure and function of the cell plasma membranes. PMID- 6227471 TI - Histological observations in gills of the teleost Sarotherodon mossambicus with reference to mercury toxicity. AB - Effect of lethal (1.5 ppm) and sublethal (0.1 ppm) concentrations of HgCl2 on gills of Sarotherodon mossambicus were studied by routine histological techniques. Many histological alterations were observed in gill lamellae, such as bulging at basal and distal parts of the lamellae, hypertrophy and hyperplasia of lamellar and interlamellar cells, separation of respiratory epithelial layer, atrophy, and necrosis of gill lamellae. PMID- 6227472 TI - Electromyographic study of the fibre density in the M. tibialis anterior in young patients complaining of low back pain. PMID- 6227473 TI - Serotoninergic involvement in the cimetidine-induced prolactin release. AB - Pharmacological manipulation of H1 and H2 histamine receptors clearly indicates their participation in control of anterior pituitary secretion by the brain. Of particular interest is the PRL-releasing effect of H2 histamine receptor blocking agents like metiamide and cimetidine. The aim of the present study was to determine whether serotoninergic pathways, which exert a well known releasing effect on PRL secretion, were involved in the PRL-releasing action of cimetidine. As our first approach, the PRL-releasing effect of cimetidine was determined in developing male and female rats. Cimetidine failed to increase PRL in rats of 1 and 4 days of age. From 12 days onwards, the drug was able to cause a PRL increment in both sexes. There was a significant release of PRL at 20 and 28 days of age, and the response was greater in male than in female rats. The ontogeny of the cimetidine action, both in timing and sex differences, showed a close similarity with the development of the serotoninergic control of PRL secretion, and it was in clear contrast with the maturation of other controlling mechanisms, dopaminergic and TRH. In a second set of experiments, adult male rats were used. Methysergide, a serotonin receptor blocker, used in a dose and given by a route so that it did not modify the basal level of PRL, was able to completely prevent the PRL release evoked by cimetidine. Administration of p-chlorophenylalanine, a drug which reduces serotonin synthesis, was followed by a significant decline in the indole content of a portion of the brain which included the brain stem, the hypothalamus, and the preopticsuprachiasmatic area; and by a blockade of the PRL releasing effect of cimetidine. Treatment of adult male rats with cimetidine, methysergide, or serotonin did not modify serum LH. It is concluded that a major serotoninergic input is involved in the PRL-releasing effect of cimetidine. PMID- 6227474 TI - Characterization of rat brain aldosterone receptors reveals high affinity for corticosterone. AB - The two [3H]aldosterone-binding proteins of rat brain cytosol were characterized by a dextran-coated charcoal method. With molybdate present to stabilize receptors, the affinities of the two sites for [3H]aldosterone in adrenalectomized perfused rat brain cytosols were 0.28 and 18.0 nM at 4 C. High affinity sites comprised 15% of the total receptor number. A small contamination of perfused brain cytosol preparations with corticosteroid-binding globulin (CBG) was found. However, due to the very high affinity of CBG for corticosterone at 4 C, this slight contamination resulted in significant alterations in the apparent affinity of steroids competing for aldosterone-binding sites. Selective precipitation of cytosol receptors with 36% (NH4)2SO4 reduced CBG concentrations to negligible levels. After blockade of low affinity sites with a highly selective glucocorticoid (RU 26988), the order of steroids in competing for the high affinity receptor was desoxycorticosterone greater than fludrocortisone greater than corticosterone greater than aldosterone greater than progesterone greater than dexamethasone. Readdition of a small quantity of dialyzed serum to cytosol preparations yielded a profile of steroid binding similar to that of the kidney mineralocorticoid receptor (aldosterone greater than desoxycorticosterone greater than corticosterone). The distribution of both receptors in brain regions of adrenalectomized rats was determined. Both receptors were at greatest density in the hippocampus and lowest density in the hypothalamus. The high affinity site was at greatest density in limbic regions, whereas the low affinity receptor, apparently identical to the glucocorticoid type II receptor, was at greatest density in cortex and cerebellum. It is concluded that the high affinity aldosterone receptor of rat brain, which had been identified in preliminary studies as a mineralocorticoid receptor, may bind either corticosterone or aldosterone in vivo. PMID- 6227475 TI - Control of corpus luteum function in the pregnant rabbit: role of estrogen and lack of a direct luteotropic role of the placenta. AB - The corpus luteum is essential for pregnancy maintenance in the rabbit and appears to require two luteotropins: estrogen from ovarian follicles and a placental luteotropic factor. We have investigated the role of the placental luteotropic factor in maintaining corpus luteum function in the pregnant rabbit in the absence of estrogen. In Exp 1, follicular estrogen was withdrawn on day 21 of pregnancy by ovulating follicles with 10 IU hCG. In Exp 2, estrogen was withdrawn in hypophysectomized pregnant rabbits on day 21 by removing an estradiol (E2) implant. In the presence of this estrogen implant, luteal function and pregnancy are maintained after hypophysectomy, performed on day 4 of pregnancy. In both experiments, fetoplacental viability was ensured by treating the rabbits with medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA). In both Exp 1 and 2, withdrawal of estrogen on day 21 of pregnancy caused a dramatic decline in serum progesterone concentrations by day 22. Serum progesterone concentrations remained low, and corpora lutea regressed, although viable fetuses were maintained with MPA. In animals not receiving MPA, estrogen withdrawal caused the loss of luteal function, followed by abortion on days 23-24. In contrast, estrogen replacement (via E2 implant) on day 22 in Exp 1 was fully capable of restoring serum progesterone concentrations to pretreatment values on days 24-27 in MPA-treated rabbits. In rabbits not receiving MPA, estrogen replacement also restored serum progesterone concentrations and prevented abortion. These results provide further evidence that estrogen is essential for normal luteal function in the pregnant rabbit. In the absence of estrogen, the rabbit placenta maintained by the progestagen MPA has no direct luteotropic activity. PMID- 6227476 TI - Unconjugated estradiol, estriol and total estriol in maternal peripheral vein, cord vein, and cord artery serum at delivery in pregnancies with intrauterine growth retardation. AB - The levels of unconjugated estradiol (E2), estriol (E3) and total (conjugated plus unconjugated) E3 in maternal vein serum during labor, cord vein serum, and cord artery serum were measured in normal singleton and twin pregnancies with appropriate for dates babies (AFD) and with light for dates babies (LFD). The mean level of total E3 in the maternal vein serum in singleton pregnancy was significantly lower in the LFD group than in the AFD group, but no differences were seen in the mean levels of unconjugated E2 or E3 between the groups. The concentration of unconjugated E2 in the maternal vein serum was significantly higher in the twin group with a large placenta than in the singleton group with a smaller placenta, while the concentration of total E3 in the case of twin pregnancy with LFD was lower than that in singleton pregnancy with AFD but not significantly. No difference in the concentration of total E3 was observed between the cord vein serum and cord artery serum. The present data suggest that the total E3 level in maternal vein serum may be used in evaluating fetal states such as intrauterine growth retardation. PMID- 6227477 TI - DNA and histone H1 interact with different domains of HMG 1 and 2 proteins. AB - High mobility group (HMG) proteins 1 and 2 from calf thymus have been digested under structuring conditions (0.35 M NaCl, pH 7.1) with two proteases of different specificities, trypsin and V8. The two proteases give a different but restricted pattern of peptides in a time course digestion study. However, when the interactions of the peptides with DNA are studied by blotting, a closely related peptide from HMG-1 and -2 does not show any apparent binding. This peptide, from the V8 protease digestion, has been isolated by DNA-cellulose chromatography and has the amino acid composition predicted for a fragment containing the two C-terminal domains of the protein, i.e., approximately residues 74-243 for HMG-1. The same peptide shows the only interaction detectable with labelled histone H1. A separate function for the different domains of HMG proteins 1 and 2 is proposed. PMID- 6227478 TI - Biosynthesis and molecular nature of the T3 antigen of human T lymphocytes. AB - Immunoprecipitates of the T3 antigen prepared from HPB-ALL cells by using the monoclonal antibody UCH-T1 were analysed by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Cells which had been biosynthetically labelled for up to 4 h gave a major polypeptide of mol. wt. 19 000 plus two weaker, more diffuse bands of mol. wts. 21 000 and 23 000, whereas surface labelled cells gave a prominent band of mol. wt. 19 000, a major band of 21 000 and a weaker diffuse band of approximately 26 000. As judged from their sensitivity to proteinase-K digestion, all the above polypeptides possess a transmembrane orientation. Digestion with endoglycosidases H and F (endo-H and endo-F), and tunicamycin treatment indicate that all the polypeptides, except that of 19 000 mol. wt. are N-glycosylated. The 21 000 and 23 000 mol. wt. chains possess both immature and mature oligosaccharide units, whereas the 26 000 mol. wt. band apparently has mature units only. Pulse chase experiments combined with digestion by endo-F and endo-H suggest that the N-glycosylated polypeptides are derived from two polypeptides of mol. wts. 14 000 and 16 000. It is concluded that the T3 antigen is derived from three different non-glycosylated polypeptides two of which are subsequently N glycosylated to give the 21 000, 23 000 and 26 000 forms. The cell surface T3 antigen most probably comprises at least two distinct, non-covalently associated polypeptides, but the number and types of polypeptides giving rise to the whole molecule and whether different complexes exist is at present unclear. PMID- 6227479 TI - Ham22, a mini-F mutation which is lethal to host cell and promotes recA-dependent induction of lambdoid prophage. AB - A mini-F region 800 bp long, located between the two F origin sites, plays an essential role in the relationship between the F plasmid and its host. This region comprises two sets of overlapping coding sequences: the first set codes for the newly identified H1 and H2 polypeptides; the second set codes for polypeptides G1 and G2. A mini-F amber mutation (Ham22) causes the virtual disappearance of polypeptides H1 and H2 but only slightly reduces synthesis of polypeptides G1 and G2. This mutation: (i) renders mini-F hybrids lethal to the host cells (conditional Hos- phenotype for host survival) and (ii) causes the induction of a resident prophage in recA+ strains (conditional Map- phenotype for maintenance of the prophage). When an additional mutation prevents the synthesis of polypeptides G1 and G2, both the lethal character and the induction of the prophage are abolished. We conclude: (i) that polypeptides G1 and/or G2 are specific mini-F polypeptides involved in the plasmid-mediated killing effect and in the recA-dependent induction of the resident prophage and (ii) that, in normal conditions, polypeptides H1 and/or H2 negatively control (directly or indirectly) the action of polypeptides G1 and/or G2. In relation to the analysis of indirect induction mediated by u.v.-irradiated lambda mini-F hybrids, we propose that polypeptides G1 and/or G2 are specific mini-F products involved in the activation of the bacterial SOS pathway. The H1/H2 and G1/G2 polypeptides could constitute the controlled mini-F signal enabling the coordination between cell division and F plasmid replication. PMID- 6227480 TI - Retention and loss of immunoglobulin heavy chain alleles in helper T cell hybridoma clones. AB - Retention or loss of immunoglobulin heavy chain genes was studied in 20 functional T cell hybridoma clones. DNA probes representing C mu, C alpha and JH genes, as well as VH subgroups II and III were hybridized with restriction enzyme fragments of hybridoma DNA by the Southern filter hybridization technique. Parental alleles of the hybridoma cells were distinguished on the basis of polymorphism of the lengths of restriction enzyme fragments. All clones retained the alleles of the lymphoma parent cell BW-5147 at all four loci. Thirteen clones lost both CH and VH alleles of the immune partner cell, whereas seven retained both VH alleles, and at least C alpha of the antigen-specific partner. Hence, T cell function in these cells is compatible with the loss of most immunoglobulin heavy chain alleles. This is interpreted to indicate either gene rearrangement and deletion, or chromosome loss. Accordingly, the T cell receptor is either controlled by two split gene loci in chromosome 12, at the two respective (5' and 3') ends of the mouse heavy chain gene family, or by a gene(s) outside chromosome 12. PMID- 6227481 TI - Effects of the glucosidase inhibitors nojirimycin and deoxynojirimycin on the biosynthesis of membrane and secretory glycoproteins. AB - The glucosidase inhibitors nojirimycin (NM) and 1-deoxynojirimycin (dNM) interfere with N-linked glycosylation. The effects of NM and dNM on the biosynthesis of secretory glycoproteins (IgD and IgM) and membrane glycoproteins (HLA-A, B, C and -DR antigens) have been examined. Whereas treatment of IgD- and IgM-producing cells with NM results in the transfer of drastically shortened oligosaccharide side chains, treatment with dNM inhibits trimming, most probably through interaction with glucosidase I and/or II. A comparison of NM and dNM with tunicamycin and the mannosidase inhibitor swainsonine (SW) show that each of the inhibitors interferes with N-linked glycosylation in a distinct manner. For both Ig and HLA antigens, the effects of SW are discernible at the final stages of glycan maturation only, whereas the effects of dNM are observed quite early in the biosynthetic process. The secretion of IgD, but not IgM, was blocked in dNM treated cells. The HLA-A, B, C heavy chains synthesized by the Daudi cell line were degraded in an accelerated fashion in dNM-treated cells, but no effects were seen on the HLA-DR antigens in these cells. Although both SW and dNM interfere with trimming, further modifications of the oligosaccharide side chains occur, and show that the two processes are not obligately coupled. Glucosidase inhibitors such as NM and dNM, as well as the mannosidase inhibitor SW, allow modification of glycan structure, and may be used to study the biological role of glycoprotein oligosaccharides and their modifications. PMID- 6227482 TI - Siderophores as antimicrobial agents. PMID- 6227484 TI - In vitro activity of norfloxacin against Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma urealyticum. PMID- 6227483 TI - Dissemination of streptomycin and sulfonamide resistance by plasmid pBP1 in Escherichia coli. AB - About one third of streptomycin resistance in Escherichia coli is mediated by APH (3''). This enzyme is encoded by the plasmid pBP1 in 80% of all streptomycin resistant strains tested. pBP1, which in addition mediates sulfonamide resistance, has been found to be disseminated in Escherichia coli strains all over the world. It has a molecular weight of 4.0 megadalton and does not seem to be disadvantageous for the metabolism of the bacterial cell. The reason for the slow decrease of resistance to streptomycin and sulfonamide in clinical isolates, despite the restricted use of these drugs, is presumably the survival of bacteria harbouring pBP1 which have been selected by streptomycin and sulfonamides in the early days of chemotherapy. PMID- 6227485 TI - Association of a polyuridylate-specific endoribonuclease with small nuclear ribonucleo-proteins which had been isolated by affinity chromatography using antibodies from a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - Immunoglobulins, containing antibodies against U1-snRNP, have been prepared from a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus. After coupling these antibodies to a Sepharose matrix, U-snRNPs have been isolated and purified from rat liver nuclei by use of immunoaffinity chromatography. The resulting RNPs had the typical protein pattern of U-sn RNPs and a sedimentation coefficient of 12 S. The U-snRNP preparation was associated with an endoribonuclease which required Mg2+ for optimal activity. The enzyme, with an pH optimum of 6.2, degraded only poly(U). Other single-stranded polyribo- and polydeoxyribonucleotides, tRNA, as well as double-stranded RNA and DNA were not digested. The products of a terminal digestion are (U)6-12 with 3'-OH and 5'-P termini. The possible involvement of this endoribonuclease in the splicing of hnRNA is discussed. PMID- 6227486 TI - Kinetic effects of chemical and physical uncoupling on the energy-transducing ATPase from spinach chloroplasts. AB - Ammonium chloride, an uncoupler of photophosphorylation which stimulates the membrane-bound chloroplast coupling factor ATPase when added after light/dithiothreitol activation, causes a decrease in the number of extra water oxygens incorporated into the phosphate formed during ATP hydrolysis. This observation is in contrast to the long-reported insensitivity of intermediate Pi:H2O oxygen exchange to uncoupler dinitrophenol in the mitochondrial F1 ATPase system. The effect of ammonium chloride on the CF1-catalyzed oxygen exchange reaction is consistent with ATPase activity stimulation caused by increased partitioning forward of the enzyme . products complex. In line with the oxygen exchange data, ammonium chloride causes an increase in the apparent Km of the enzyme for substrate ATP. The effect of ammonium chloride on the pattern of the intermediate Pi:H2O oxygen exchange is not a threshold phenomenon; the extent of exchange decreases in a continuous fashion, paralleling the stimulation of ATPase activity. The uncoupler CF3OPhzC(CN)2 also decreases the extent of oxygen exchange upon stimulating the membrane-bound ATPase, while phlorizin, an energy transfer inhibitor, has essentially no effect on exchange although it inhibits the ATPase reaction. Similar to the effect of chemical uncoupling on the membrane bound enzyme, physical removal of the coupling factor ATPase from the thylakoid membrane also results in an increase in forward partitioning of the enzyme . ADP . Pi complex. The modulation of oxygen exchange observed by altering the degree of coupling is similar to that which accompanies changing ATP concentration in the mitochondrial ATPase system [Russo, J. A., Lamos, C. M. and Mitchell, R. A. (1978) Biochemistry 17,473-480 and Choate, G. L., Hutton, R. L. and Boyer, P. D. (1979) J. Biol. Chem. 254, 286-290]. However, the uncoupler modulation is not readily correlated with the degree to which multiple catalytic sites are occupied by substrate. PMID- 6227487 TI - Detection in vivo 6 hours after immunization of a mediator with possible antisuppressor activity. AB - Immunization of mice with foreign proteins or particulate antigen induces the formation of immunoglobulin (Ig)-antigen complexes which are strongly cytophilic for T cells and have been shown recently to markedly enhance the 7 S antibody response. In this report we demonstrate that pretreatment of the animals with cyclophosphamide or anti-I-J antiserum eliminates the difference in the antibody response between the mice injected with the complexes and the controls, in other words, the enhancement. Six hours after allogeneic stimulation the serum of mice contains also a cytophilic (for T cells) Ig which most likely represents, as in the case of the foreign antigens, complexes of Ig with alloantigens. The allogeneically induced 6-h serum (6HS) contains a factor which enhances the cytotoxic T lymphocyte(s) (CTL) response in vivo. As with the 7S antibody response, pretreatment of mice with cyclophosphamide, in doses known to eliminate suppressor cell expression, "masks" the CTL enhancement of the allogeneically induced 6HS. The same result was also observed with the anti-I-J antiserum. In conclusion, the 6-h complexes in cyclophosphamide- and anti-I-J-treated mice do not produce a 7 S antibody or CTL response above that produced by the control group (no complexes). Using heat-treated allogeneic tumor cells, known to induce suppressor cells in vivo, we have shown that for a low dose of tumor cells, the allogeneically induced 6HS did not block the induction of suppressor cells, but completely blocked their function. These results suggest that the enhancement of both humoral and cell-mediated immunity by the 6HS (complexes) is likely to be due to interference with normal suppressor cell function, that is, an antisuppressor mechanism. PMID- 6227488 TI - One out of five peripheral blood B lymphocytes is activated to high-rate Ig production by human alloreactive T cell clones. AB - Human alloreactive helper T cell clones were isolated from a secondary mixed lymphocyte reaction by limiting dilution in the presence of irradiated stimulator cells and T cell growth factor (interleukin 2). When cultured with B cells and macrophages possessing the relevant alloantigens, the T cell clones proliferated and induced a strong B cell activation with production of high immunoglobulin levels. Limiting dilution of the B cells from the peripheral blood showed that about one in 5-10 can be activated to produce IgG, one in 10 IgM, one in 20-40 IgA and one in 2000-5000 IgE. Following stimulation by the relevant alloantigen, the clones were able to help also B cells that lacked the alloantigen, indicating that a direct T-B cell interaction is not required. This method is particularly interesting because it is suitable for the clonal analysis of a B cell subset that is triggered in the absence of antigen by an unrestricted T cell help. PMID- 6227489 TI - Regeneration and the immune system. I. In vitro and in vivo activation of lymphocytes by liver regeneration and the role of Kupffer cells in stimulation. AB - When syngeneic lymphocytes and mitomycin C-treated regenerating liver cells, prepared from partially hepatectomized mice, are cultured together, the in vitro DNA synthesis is activated (sMLHLR: syngeneic mixed hepatectomized-liver cell lymphocyte culture). The Ia+ Kupffer cells play an important role as stimulators in the response, since the stimulating activity of regenerating liver cells is lost either by the pretreatment with anti-Ia monoclonal antibody plus complement or by the removing Kupffer cells from them. The lymphocytes are also activated in vivo during liver regeneration following partial hepatectomy. When lymphocytes, prepared from hepatectomized mice, are cultured with regenerating liver cells, the lymphocytes are stimulated to accelerate their DNA synthesis in a manner typical of the secondary immune responses (secondary sMLHLR). In primary sMLHLR, the responder cells are mainly Lyt-1+, whereas, in secondary sMLHLR, they are mainly Lyt-2+. The mechanism of changing the Lyt phenotype of major responder cells from Lyt-1 to Lyt-2 during sMLHLR is discussed. PMID- 6227490 TI - Regeneration and the immune system. II. Suppressor activities of lymphocytes activated in vivo by liver regeneration and their genetic control. AB - The lymph node cells (LNC) activated in vivo by liver regeneration following partial hepatectomy of mice (primed lymph node cells) respond to regenerating liver cells in vitro with typical secondary immune response characteristics (Miyahara, S. et al., Eur. J. Immunol. 1983. 13: 878). These LNC activated in vivo suppress the proliferation of responder lymphocytes cultured with mitomycin C-treated regenerating syngeneic liver cells (sMLHLR). The suppressive activity was already present in LNC 4 days after partial hepatectomy and remained unchanged for at least 16 days. These primed LNC were effective not only on sMLHLR but also on syngeneic mixed lymphocyte culture (sMLR) and allogeneic mixed lymphocyte culture, of which responder cells share the I-A (I-B) subregions of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) with primed LNC. At least one cell in the suppressor circuit is a T cell. The primed LNC restimulates in vitro with regenerating liver cells (in vitro reactivated primed LNC) suppressed the proliferation of syngeneic responder cells in sMLR, but not of cells from congeneic mice differing from the in vitro reactivated primed LNC at a cluster of genes linked to the Ig locus. Thus the suppressive activity of primed LNC is controlled by the I-A (I-B) subregions of the MHC and that of in vitro reactivated primed LNC by genes in the Ig region. The role of these suppressive cells in liver regeneration is discussed. PMID- 6227491 TI - Reversal of long-term locomotor abnormalities in the kainic acid model of Huntington's disease by day 18 fetal striatal implants. PMID- 6227492 TI - Dracunculiasis: an eradicable scourge. AB - As an incapacitating disease which has a direct negative effect on the self sufficiency of rural populations in parts of Asia and Africa, dracunculiasis is a serious, but neglected, hindrance to economic development. It is the only communicable disease that is transmitted solely by drinking contaminated water. Several intervention measures have been shown to be effective in reducing or interrupting transmission, the most effective of which is provision of safe drinking water. Its vulnerability to well planned control measures has been demonstrated in India, the Ivory Coast, Nigeria, the Soviet Union, and elsewhere. The International Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation Decade (1981-1990) presents an unparalleled opportunity to eradicate dracunculiasis, and linking the Decade and an effort to eradicate dracunculiasis would be mutually beneficial. Additional epidemiologic studies to document further the economic impact of the disease on affected populations, the changes in incidence which result when effective interventions are made, and the role of subgroups in affected villages as transmitters of the infection, would be very useful in the struggle to eradicate another scourge of mankind. PMID- 6227493 TI - Relation between isometric force and stimulus rate in cat's hindlimb motor units of different twitch contraction time. AB - The relation between isometric force and rate (or pulse interval) of repetitive stimulation was studied for 77 motor units from m. peroneus longus of the cat. The units were activated by constant-frequency bursts of 1 s, and the stimulus interval needed for producing half the maximum tension was strongly correlated to twitch contraction time (twitch CT, non-potentiated values 13-42 ms). This remained true for comparisons within groups of fast and slow units respectively (fast/slow classification according to criteria of Burke et al. 1973). A mean contractile force of half maximum amplitude (0.5 PO) was produced by repetitive stimuli with a pulse interval of about 1.5 CT in fast and 2 CT in slow units. Among both kinds of unit, however, these stimulus rates corresponded to pulse intervals of about 1.4 times the half-relaxation time of the twitch. At half maximum force, the rise of tension per Hz rise of stimulus frequency was about 2.5% PO for fast and 5.8% PO for slow units. Fast-twitch fatigue-sensitive (FF) and twitch fatigue-resistant (FR) units showed similar tension-frequency relations. Comparisons to results from m. gastrocnemius medialis showed that, for corresponding types of fast units (FF units), the twitch CT tended to be about 25% longer for gastrocnemius than for peroneus. The stimulus rate needed for a half-maximum contraction was, however, not lower for FF units from gastrocnemius than for those from the peroneus muscle. PMID- 6227494 TI - Biphasic changes of the immunological reactivity in the course of experimental lectin-induced arthritis of rabbits. AB - A single injection of Lens culinaris lectin (LcL) into the knee joint cavity of non-sensitized rabbits produces an arthritis with an acute and chronic phase, lasting up to one year. The persistence of the lectin in the joint, related to the strong binding affinity of lectins to glycoproteins of connective tissue structures, and the presence of specific antibodies against LcL in the serum after the intra-articular injection make this model comparable to the antigen induced arthritis. But in our system these conditions are further modified or amplified by the mitogenic activity of LcL itself. The cell-mediated immunity, studied by mitogenic stimulation of peripheral blood lymphocytes, is characterized by a biphasic change in the course of this experimental arthritis. Hyperresponsiveness to stimulation with LcL and Concanavalin A (Con A), decreased Con A-induced suppressor cell activity, and stimulatory serum factors could be detected in the early phase of inflammation. The late phase of arthritis (8 months after the induction) was characterized by hyporesponsiveness to mitogenic stimulation, normal suppressor cell activity and inhibitory serum factors. In spite of the differences of this experimental arthritis to the human rheumatoid arthritis, concerning mainly the initiation and the lack of systemic manifestation, there are surprising similarities between both, not only in the histopathological feature and the chronicity but also in the cell-mediated immune reactions. Therefore, similar pathogenetic mechanisms for the chronic phase can be suggested. PMID- 6227495 TI - Incorporation of xenobiotics into soil humus. PMID- 6227496 TI - The effect of bisphosphonates on glycolysis in cultured calvaria cells and their homogenate. AB - Rat calvaria cells previously cultured for 7 days in the presence of 1 hydroxyethylidene-1,1-bisphosphonate (HEBP) or dichloromethylenebisphosphonate (Cl2MBP), showed a decrease in the glycolytic pathway. When glycolysis was analyzed under anaerobic conditions, this effect was not observed. The inhibition by the bisphosphonates occurred to a similar degree regardless of whether lactate production was measured in whole cells or in cell homogenates. Bisphosphonates added directly to the homogenate had no inhibitory effect. Thus, the effect is not a direct one and is unlikely to be due to a soluble mediator in the cytoplasm. PMID- 6227498 TI - [Superlumbar pain syndrome]. PMID- 6227497 TI - Differential sensitivity to photohemolysis of erythrocytes enriched with some liposome-carried substances. AB - The sensitivity of human erythrocytes to photohemolysis sensitized by addition of protoporphyrin IX can be selectively affected by their enrichment with substances carried by cationic liposomes. In particular the enrichment which superoxide dismutase is accompanied by a copper-related greater sensitivity toward photohemolysis, as observed in the Down's syndrome (mongolism). Instead it is possible to protect the erythrocytes against the phototoxic effect of protoporphyrin by enrichment with small amounts of beta-carotene. PMID- 6227499 TI - [Role of paramedical workers in detecting tumorous diseases]. PMID- 6227500 TI - [Joint health education work of public health and cultural institutions]. PMID- 6227501 TI - [Bryansk Medical School No. 1]. PMID- 6227502 TI - Diagnosing and treating the hypertensive patient. PMID- 6227503 TI - [Irritant-induced dermatoses in farm workers]. PMID- 6227504 TI - [Epidemiology of chromate eczema in the districts of Rostock and Schwerin]. PMID- 6227505 TI - [Dermatitis in office workers]. PMID- 6227506 TI - High-dose depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) - effects on lipid and lipoprotein metabolism. AB - Twenty-one women were given depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) 1000 mg/wk for 6 mth as part of the treatment for endometrial carcinoma in either clinical stage I or II. Total and free cholesterol, triglycerides and phospholipids were analysed in serum and in the ultracentrifugally separated lipoprotein fractions VLDL, LDL and HDL (very low, low and high density lipoproteins). Previous studies have shown little effect on lipoprotein metabolism after lower doses of MPA, unlike progestins of the 19-nor-testosterone series, after which an 'androgenic' lipoprotein pattern is seen, i.e., a decrease in HDL-cholesterol and in triglycerides in serum and VLDL. After this massive DMPA dose, only a slight decrease in HDL-cholesterol was seen, as well as a rise in triglycerides in serum and VLDL. We interpret the latter finding as secondary to an influence on carbohydrate metabolism. PMID- 6227507 TI - Biosynthesis of abscissic acid. AB - The fungus Cercospora rosicola has been studied as a model system for abscissic acid biosynthesis. 1'-dDeoxyabscissic acid and 4'-hydroxy-a-ionylidene acetic acid have been identified as endogenous compounds in this fungus. The results of feeding these and other putative intermediates suggest that abscissic acid biosynthesis proceeds via the successive oxidations of a 3-methyl-5-(2',6',6' trimethylcyclohex-2'-en-1'-yl)-2,4-pentadienyl intermediate. Preliminary results suggest that a similar pathway may operate in plants. PMID- 6227508 TI - Abscissic acid and water stress. PMID- 6227509 TI - The biosynthesis of plant steryl glycosides and saponins. PMID- 6227510 TI - Polyprenol-linked sugars and glycoprotein synthesis in plants. PMID- 6227511 TI - Cyproterone acetate prevents translocation of the androgen receptor in the rat prostate. AB - The translocation of the androgen receptor in prostatic tissue has been studied under the influence of different ligands (testosterone, methyltrienolone and cyproterone acetate) in vivo and in vitro. Nuclear and cytoplasmic androgen receptors were estimated using an exchange assay with [3H]methyltrienolone ( [3H]R1881) 1 h and 16 h after injection in castrated rats of either 100 micrograms testosterone (T), 10 mg cyproterone acetate (CA) or the combination of T and CA. Within 1 h after T administration, nuclear receptor levels increased with a concomitant depletion of cytosol receptors. In the CA-treated rats nuclear receptor levels were not different from those of control castrated animals and there was no depletion of cytosol receptors. The combined treatment of T and CA resulted in a partial depletion of cytosol receptors and a simultaneous increase of nuclear receptors. The absence of an increase in nuclear androgen receptors in CA-treated animals cannot be explained by a delay in translocation, because even 16 h after CA injection, only a very small number of nuclear receptors were detectable. Incubation of minced prostatic tissue with [3H]CA or [3H]R 1881 resulted in receptor translocation only in the R1881 incubations and confirmed the in vivo results. Competition studies with different steroids and cytosol receptor (non-activated, 8S form in low salt gradient) or nuclear receptor (activated 3.6S form in high salt gradient) of prostatic tissue show that CA can compete with R1881 for specific androgen-binding sites with a similar relative binding affinity for both receptor preparations. The present results provide evidence that CA prevents translocation of the androgen receptor to the nucleus, although CA can be bound with similar affinities to the nuclear receptor and the cytoplasmic receptor. We propose that the anti-androgenic action of CA involves an inhibition of receptor translocation. PMID- 6227513 TI - Regulation of mucosal phosphofructokinase in the small intestine of the streptozotocin-diabetic rat. AB - The total activity of mucosal phosphofructokinase in the proximal jejunum of the streptozotocin-diabetic at was found to be diminished compared with normal from 13.4 to 10.4 units/g wet weight, mucosa and the activity ratio of the enzyme at pH 7 was diminished from 0.40 to 0.23, indicating that the enzyme is more susceptible to inhibition by ATP. The combination of these changes is, in principle, more than sufficient to account for the 29% decrease in glucose utilisation observed in the jejunum of diabetic rats. Insulin, when injected in vivo, has the ability to restore both the total activity and the regulatory properties of phosphofructokinase to normal in streptozotocin-diabetic rats. The action of insulin is blocked by the protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide, and is not mediated by changes in blood glucose levels. PMID- 6227512 TI - T lymphocyte subsets in patients with newly diagnosed type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes: a prospective study. AB - T lymphocyte subsets in peripheral blood from 11 newly diagnosed Type 1 (insulin dependent) diabetic patients were studied prospectively at three time intervals: as soon as possible after diagnosis, 3 weeks and 5 months later. Lymphocytes were marked with monoclonal OKT antibodies and examined in a fluorescence-activated cell sorter. The percentage of T lymphocytes (OKT3) did not change significantly at the three study times. The percentage of helper/inducer T cells (OKT4) was high the first week after diagnosis, but decreased at the 5-month examination (p less than 0.05). The percentage of suppressor/cytotoxic T cells (OKT8) was low at diagnosis but increased at 3 weeks (p less than 0.02) and 5 months (p less than 0.01). The ratio OKT4/OKT8 lymphocytes was 2.28 at diagnosis, decreasing to 1.77 at 3 weeks and 1.87 at 5 months, compared with 1.46 for 16 age-matched control subjects. There was no significant change in the absolute number of lymphocytes. It is concluded that the distribution of T cell subsets was abnormal at the time of diagnosis, but changed towards normal within a few weeks, after which there was no significant change at 5 months. It is as yet unknown whether the high proportion of helper/inducer T cells and/or the low percentage of suppressor/cytotoxic T cells at diagnosis favour immune reactions involved in the pathogenesis of Type 1 diabetes. PMID- 6227514 TI - New biologic functions--selenium-dependent nucleic acids and proteins. AB - Selenium occurs normally in living things as a highly specific component of certain enzymes and amino acid transfer nucleic acids (tRNAs). In bacteria, biosynthesis of essential selenoenzymes has been shown to be unaffected by wide variations in sulfur levels. The naturally occurring selenoenzymes so far identified from bacterial sources include glycine reductase, certain formate dehydrogenases, a hydrogenase, nicotinic acid hydroxylase, xanthine dehydrogenase and thiolase. The selenoenzyme, glutathione peroxidase, and three other selenoproteins of unknown function have been isolated from animals. In certain enzymes, e.g. glycine reductase, formate dehydrogenase, hydrogenase and glutathione peroxidase, the chemical form of selenium has been identified as selenocysteine. One enzyme, a bacterial thiolase, contains selenomethionine rather than selenocysteine. A labile, unidentified form of selenium is present in nicotinic acid hydroxylase, and by inference, xanthine dehydrogenase. The seleno tRNAs serve as examples of a different type of biological macromolecule that is specifically modified with selenium. The major seleno-tRNAs in Clostridium sticklandii and Escherichia coli have been identified as glutamate and lysine isoaccepting species. The selenium-modified nucleoside is 5-methyl-aminomethyl-2 selenouridine (mnm5Se2U), which is the chemical analog of 5-methylaminomethyl-2 thiouridine, a previously identified minor base of E. coli tRNA2Glu. The seleno tRNAGlu of C. sticklandii contains one gram atom of Se per mole of biologically active tRNA. Loss of Se from the modified nucleoside, mnm5Se2U, in this tRNA results in concomitant loss of glutamate charging activity suggesting that selenium is essential for interaction of the synthetase and its cognate tRNA. PMID- 6227515 TI - Evidence of suppressor activity mediated by concanavalin-A stimulated cells towards aspecific LIF production. AB - Since the T-suppressor subpopulation is known to have a peculiar sensitivity to the mitogenic activity of Concanavalin-A we decided to verify whether in normal subjects it was possible to induce, by using the Con-A as a mitogenic factor, the proliferation of cells--possibly T-suppressor--which: a) had the property of adherence and b) show inhibitory activity toward LIF production. The statistical analysis of the results of our experimental patterns show that even if a difference between the suppression exerted on LIF production by Con-A stimulated versus not stimulated cells is present at any dilution, the level of significance rises from P less than 0.005 to P less than 0.0001 for the range of dilution 1:1/4 to 1:132, thus revealing that these experimental conditions are optimal for eliciting the blocking effect. The researches that are currently in progress in our laboratory seem to suggest that this experimental approach is of some value in characterizing the immunity pattern of laryngeal cancer patients and its evolution through the course of disease. PMID- 6227516 TI - Effect of human fibroblast interferon on the cytotoxic activity of natural killer cells and lymphocytes against autochthonous and allogeneic tumor cells. AB - An ovarian cancer patient was treated with human fibroblast interferon (HFIF) given daily by iv infusion, and the lymphocyte natural killer (NK) activity against K562 and the cytotoxicity against autologous tumor cells under various experimental conditions were investigated. After HFIF treatment, NK activity against K562 increased significantly, whereas the autologous tumor cell kill by lymphocytes was not increased with target tumor cells that were fresh, frozen then thawed, or frozen, thawed and cultured for 4 to 5 days before use. In vitro HFIF-stimulated lymphocytes also did not enhance cytotoxicity against the various autologous tumor cells. However, lymphocytes from allogeneic healthy persons did show enhanced cytotoxicity against cultured tumor cells of this patient after cultivation with HFIF, but had no significant effect against frozen tumor cells. Mixed lymphocyte-tumor cell reaction (MLTR) and MLTR-induced lymphocyte cytotoxicity against autologous tumor cells were not enhanced by HFIF. Thus, tumor-specific immune reactions directed toward autologous tumor cells were not enhanced by HFIF treatment under the conditions tested in this study. PMID- 6227517 TI - New ultrasonic laparoscope for diagnosis of intraabdominal diseases. PMID- 6227518 TI - Laparoscopy: the question of the proper gas. PMID- 6227519 TI - Solitary tuberculoma of liver: laparoscopic, histologic, and cytologic diagnosis. PMID- 6227520 TI - Influence of some serotoninergic agents on nitrazepam-induced sleep in the domestic fowl (Gallus domesticus). AB - The influence of some serotoninergic agents on nitrazepam-induced sleep was studied in 5-8-day-old chicks. Nitrazepam (0.4-51.2 mg/kg) induced behavioural sleep in chicks dose-dependently. 5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT; 10-20 mg/kg) hypnotised young chicks. Similarly, 5-HT (5-20 mg/kg) shortened the onset and significantly prolonged the duration of nitrazepam-induced sleep in chicks and increased the proportion of chicks that were hypnotized by nitrazepam; these effects were dose-dependent. 5-Hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP; 2-8 mg/kg) did not induce sleep but dose-dependently shortened the onset and profoundly prolonged the duration of nitrazepam (1.6 mg/kg)-induced sleep. Cyproheptadine (0.5-2 mg/kg) delayed the onset of nitrazepam sleep and reduced the proportion of chicks that were hypnotized by nitrazepam. Parachlorophenylalanine (PCPA, 200 mg/kg) completely blocked nitrazepam-induced sleep. Nitrazepam sleep was associated with synchronization of the electroencephalogram (EEG) of the hyperstriatum, optic tectum and pontine reticular formation. 5-HT synchronized the EEG of the hyperstriatum and the pontine reticular formation while the electromyograph (EMG) activity was profoundly reduced. These behavioural and electrocortical data suggest that 5-HT may be involved in nitrazepam-induced sleep in young chicks. PMID- 6227521 TI - Chi-stimulated recombination between phage lambda and the plasmid lambda dv. AB - Chi promotes Rec-mediated recombination between phage lambda DNA and the homologous plasmid lambda dv. In the absence of Chi, some of the interactions splice lambda dv into lambda, whereas others patch information from lambda dv into lambda. When Chi is in the phage DNA, splices and patches are increased in frequency by the same factor. This result strengthens the analogy between Chi and recombination-promoting elements in fungi. It also rules out one model for the previously reported orientation dependence of Chi phenotype. PMID- 6227522 TI - Turn-on of inactive genes by promoter recruitment in Escherichia coli: inverted repeats resulting in artificial divergent operons. AB - We have characterized two rearrangements consisting of inverted repeats of the argE gene. The promoters (p) of argE and of argCBH face each other over an internal operator. The rearrangements were obtained as reactivations of argE in a strain harboring an argEp deletion on a lambda darg prophage. In both cases the repeat included argE and argCBHp on either side of a unique sequence; the result is a divergent operon in which each copy of argCBHp reads into the adjacent argE repeat. In one case, the pair of repeats adjoins the silent parental gene, forming a triplication (comes from leads to comes from). The other rearrangement consists of a single argE palindrome, but the whole prophage is rearranged into an inverted repeat, analogous to certain lambda dv's. Both structures could be explained by breakage of a replication fork passing argE and by inaccurate rejoining of strands. The lambda dv-like rearrangement would result from breakage at both replication forks of a phage or prophage replicating during transient release of immunity. The triplication would imply breaking of a chromosomal replication fork, formation of a cyclic intermediate by recombination between the daughter duplex molecules and reinsertion into the parental argE gene. Formation of a triplication by replication errors involving appropriate strand switchings and branch migrations can not be excluded however. PMID- 6227523 TI - Nonideal statistics and positive correlation in phage recombination: studies with lambda tandem duplication phages. AB - The question of nonideality in phage recombination, that is, the extent to which recombinant frequencies differ from those expected from the proportions of the two parental types in the mass culture, was addressed by experiments with lambda tandem duplication phages. Isolation and genotypic analysis of triplication-phage progeny, all of which must be the result of intermolecular recombination, yielded a value of about 0.5 for the nonideality parameter h, i.e., the frequency of unlike-parent matings was only about 1/2 the "ideal" value. This value was independent of multiplicity and about the same for the Rec or Red recombination systems. Similar analysis of single-copy phage progeny yielded estimates of k, the ratio of intramolecular to intermolecular recombination of about 1/6 for the Rec system; no intramolecular events were detected in Red-mediated crosses. Consideration of known nonideality factors (finite input, limited number of intracellular sites for phage growth) suggests that the observed h values correspond to intracellular mixing efficiencies of 55 to 100%, depending on the number of intracellular phage growth sites assumed. Analysis of long-range positive correlation (negative interference) indicates that statistical effects caused unlike-parent double crossovers to be three to four times as frequent as an independent-event calculation would predict. In addition, Rec-mediated crosses showed a 1.3-fold positive correlation for unlike-parent crossovers (in a second interval) among the progeny of like-parent recombinations. PMID- 6227524 TI - [Reproductive compensation in the mothers of patients with homozygous beta thalassemia]. AB - The results of examination of fertility of 74 females, residents of Kutcashen and Vartashen districts of Azerbaijan, are presented. The data obtained have shown an increased fertility in females with beta-thalassemia. The value for fertility of the total everborn for mothers with beta-thalassemia is 1.25. These findings indicate that there is some degree of reproductive compensation in families segregating for homozygous beta-thalassemia. The authors conclude that beta thalassemia gene is maintained in this population at higher values (15,83%), due to the higher fertility of the heterozygous mothers. PMID- 6227525 TI - [Population genetics of the inhabitants of the European northern RSFSR. VI. The dynamics of the genetic load]. AB - The dynamics of the lethal equivalents in two rural populations of Archangelsk regions during the periods from 1930 to 1953 and from 1954 to 1970 was investigated. The outcomes of 1617 pregnancies for 500 couples were analysed. The coefficient of inbreeding varied fo these couples from 0.001 to 0.08. For computing the genetic load, we followed the the methodology suggested by Morton, Crow and Muller in S. Smith's modification. The importance of comprehensive determination of inbreeding coefficient for reliable estimation of the genetic load was demonstrated. By comparing the two groups, it was shown that the coefficient B diminished approximately twice and the B/A ratio increased in both populations also by the factor of two. It is supposed that the diminishing of the number of lethal equivalents can be explained by a decrease in natural selection pressure. It is also supposed, that the segregational load is more sensitive to the decrease in natural selection pressure.' PMID- 6227526 TI - Overlap and cotranscription of the genes for the beta and epsilon subunits of tobacco chloroplast ATPase. AB - The nucleotide sequences of the genes for the beta and epsilon subunits of tobacco chloroplast ATPase have been determined. The coding regions for the beta and epsilon subunits contain 1494 bp (498 codons) and 399 bp (133 codons), respectively. The 3' end of the beta-coding region overlaps by one nucleotide with the 5' end of the epsilon-coding region. The overlapping termination and initiation codons are ATGA. The beta and epsilon genes are cotranscribed as a 2.7 kb polycistronic mRNA. The amount of the beta and epsilon mRNA in the chloroplast is about one-twentieth that of the LS mRNA. PMID- 6227527 TI - Lambda phage DNA sequences affecting the packaging process. AB - Our previous work identified a minimal region of bacteriophage lambda DNA that is necessary for packaging into phage particles. It consists of 40 bp of the right arm and 45 bp of the left arm [Miwa and Matsubara, Gene 20 (1982)267-279]. A part of this region, 22 bp of the right arm and 38 bp of the left arm, is sufficient for cutting at cos lambda (the minimal sequence for cos lambda cutting). An 84-bp region to its right contains a binding site for lambda terminase, a complex of Nu1 and A gene products. This second region, which we called the enhancing region for packaging, stimulates cutting at cos lambda as well as packaging. This region is not active if it is physically separated from the minimal packaging region. The enhancing region has 15-bp inverted repeats. These sequences are conserved in the corresponding region of bacteriophage phi 80, which has the same packaging specificity as lambda. PMID- 6227528 TI - Molecular analysis of rearrangements in human ribosomal RNA gene clones. AB - Human placental DNA, enriched for ribosomal sequences, was cloned in the phage vector lambda Charon 16A. Recombinants containing 28S rDNA sequences were isolated, and all were found to have deletions in the insert and/or vector DNA. Electron microscopic analysis was used to map the deletions and provide evidence that unstable forms of the recombinants can revert to the original vector or undergo further rearrangements. Specific deletions are manifested as previously unreported plaque phenotypes. PMID- 6227530 TI - [Working conditions and ways of their improvement in wallpaper industry]. PMID- 6227529 TI - Conservative care of the lumbar spine in the elderly. AB - This diagnostic and treatment guide outlines a practical, clinical approach to the geriatric patient with lumbar spine pain. There is considerable academic debate on much of this, and it is omitted here to avoid confusion. However, I emphasize that this conceptualization is only one approach to what can frequently be a vexing problem, and does not imply that differences are incorrect. PMID- 6227531 TI - [Agents for skin protection from contaminants prepared with phenolformaldehyde and epoxy resin bases]. PMID- 6227532 TI - [Occupational hygiene and health status of workers of an asbestos cement plant]. PMID- 6227533 TI - Histocompatibility antigens, mixed lymphocyte reactivity and severe preeclampsia in Israel. AB - In the present study we have attempted to ascertain the possible existence of an association between antigens of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) and development of severe preeclampsia (PE). HLA-A, B, C, DR antigens as well as reactivity in one-way mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC) were studied in 40 couples with severe PE, and subsequently compared to 30 normal fertile control couples. No significant differences in the frequencies of HLA antigens were detected between PE and control couples. The frequency of shared HLA-A, B and DR antigens among members of the couples was similar in both groups. The one-way MLC showed normal reactivity of both parental pairs in all combinations tested. Consequent to our data we are unable to support the suggestion that the MHC affects the susceptibility to develop severe PE. PMID- 6227534 TI - Imbalance of peripheral blood and lymph node T cell subpopulations in angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy. Report of three cases. PMID- 6227535 TI - T-cell subsets defined by monoclonal antibodies in autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura (ATP). PMID- 6227537 TI - [Vascular recanalization procedure in interventional neuroradiology]. AB - Thirty-two patients are described. Sixteen patients were treated by local intra arterial fibrinolysis (LIF) for lesions of the intracranial vessels. In nine patients there was a vertebrobasilar thrombosis, in four patients an occlusion of the middle cerebral artery and in three patients a sinus thrombosis. The results of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) in fourteen patients are reported; they included dilatation of the subclavian artery in 12 and the vertebral artery in two of them. Dilatation of post-operative fibrous stenosis of the internal carotid artery in two patients is described. The technique for local intra arterial fibrinolysis and recommended doses for streptokinase are given. The use of Doppler sonographic monitoring during PTA is recommended, particularly as for delayed return to normal flow in the vertebral artery. PMID- 6227536 TI - Studies and observations on the use of isoelectric focusing in ultra-thin polyacrylamide gels as a method of typing human red cell phosphoglucomutase. AB - The technique of isoelectric focusing in ultra-thin polyacrylamide gels as a method of typing human red cell phosphoglucomutase (PGM1) has been studied. Typing was possible without the samples attaining true equilibrium focusing conditions. The isozyme patterns so obtained were clearly defined and free from distortion. The importance of assessing relative band intensities when interpreting the isozyme patterns is discussed. Our experience of using the technique to analyse casework material is described. PMID- 6227538 TI - [Gated blood pool scanning in the diagnosis of coronary disease. A prospective study to compare cineventriculography and 2-dimensional echocardiography]. AB - 38 patients with clinically suspected coronary artery disease were studied by contrast ventriculography, 2-dimensional echocardiography and multiple gated blood pool imaging (MUGA) without stress. The results were compared with each other and with the final diagnosis confirmed by coronary angiography. The left ventricular ejection fraction is evaluated nearly identically and with sufficient accuracy by both non-invasive methods, local motion abnormalities are on the other hand diagnosed in the best way by MUGA imaging in our own cases. PMID- 6227539 TI - [Quantitative lung perfusion scintigraphy in lung function diagnosis]. AB - A new method is described for quantitative evaluation in lung perfusion scintigraphy, which allows to conclude from the increased perfusion of normal lung-tissue to a virtual total lung perfusion. The relationship between this and the real total lung perfusion leads to the pulmonary perfusion defects in per cent. The findings of a comparison of 40 patients between the perfusion scan method and the lung function tests is presented, which proves the validity of the new method. It is shown that restrictive lung diseases have a good and obstructive have a bad correlation. It is demonstrated furthermore that the perfusion defects of bronchogenic carcinoma can be quantified very well by the method. PMID- 6227540 TI - [Recanalization of an occluded renal artery by local thrombolysis and transluminal dilatation]. PMID- 6227541 TI - [Sonographic and computer tomographic findings in congenital hernia of the abdominal wall with malrotation]. PMID- 6227543 TI - [Giant brain-base aneurysm--manifested by psychotic symptoms]. AB - An extensive aneurysm in two lobes simulated schizophrenic behavior for six months in a 55-year old man. Headaches, neurological symptoms, unconsciousness and computed tomography led to the diagnosis of a frontobasal tumor. The patient died several days later on hematocephalus internus and constriction of the cerebellum in the foramen occipitale magnum, followed by aneurysm wall dissection. This case shows the necessity of complementing computed tomography with angiography and all other possible tests for exogenous causes of psychotic symptoms. PMID- 6227542 TI - [Therapy of erythrosquamous dermatoses. Betamethasone dipropionate plus salicylic acid in comparison with betamethasone dipropionate solution]. AB - Efficacy and tolerance of an alcoholic solution containing 0.64 mg betamethasone dipropionate plus 20 mg salicylic acid (Diprosalic Solution) were compared with an alcoholic solution containing 0,64 mg betamethasone-dipropionate in a 3 week double blind study in 100 patients with psoriasis and other steroid-responsive dermatoses of dry nature, comprising scalp and other hairy and non-hairy areas of the body. This double blind study was followed by a 3 week open study in another 100 patients with similar diagnosis, using Diprosalic Solution only. Although the therapeutic results of the double blind study showed no significant differences between both treatment groups, distinct advantages of the drug containing salicylic acid could be clearly demonstrated, such as: 1. More rapid onset of action, 2. rapid clearing of scaling, pruritus and inflammation, 3. these advantages are in compliance with the fact that topically applied salicylic acid softens keratin, loosens cornified epithelium and desquamates the epidermis, making the underlying layers more accessible to the antiinflammatory steroid. PMID- 6227545 TI - Plasma levels of androgens and 17 alpha-OH-progesterone as an index of the adequacy of treatment in congenital adrenal hyperplasia. AB - Plasma levels of dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate (DHEA-S), dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), delta 4-androstenedione (delta 4), testosterone and 17 alpha-OH progesterone (17-OH-P) were studied in 58 samples collected in 18 patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency, during long-term ambulatory treatment with hydrocortisone. At each visit the patients were classified as being either in good control (GC) or in poor control (PC), based on well-defined clinical, auxological and biochemical criteria. The results were analyzed in relation to the degree of control and to chronological age (CA), bone age (BA), body surface (BS) and pubertal development. The most clear distinction between the children with GC and those with PC is found for DHEA-S (p less than 0.001 for BA). The majority of the DHEA-S values in the children with GC are closely grouped and significantly below the normal limits for CA, BA, BS and pubertal stage (p less than 0.001). In contrast, the PC children have wide-spread values, most of them being within or above the normal limits. The difference between GC and PC is also significant for testosterone (p less than 0.01) and delta 4 (p less than 0.05), but not for DHEA. Of the five steroids studied, DHEA S is the most specific, whereas testosterone is the most sensitive and especially useful in girls and in prepubertal boys. delta 4 and 17-OH-P are almost as sensitive as DHEA-S, but they are less specific. DHEA is the less valid criterium. PMID- 6227546 TI - Growth and development of selected hard tissues in Down syndrome: a review. PMID- 6227547 TI - Analysis of a PLL system as analog processor in CW Doppler flowmeters. PMID- 6227544 TI - One or two liver biopsies during laparoscopy? AB - "Laparobiopsies" were taken from the right and left liver lobe of 57 patients. Despite some minor discrepancies, the histologic diagnoses "overlapped" in most cases. Moreover, a highly significant correlation was detected between the scores of histologic parameters (inflammation, fibrosis, necrosis and steatosis) evaluated in the two series of biopsies. PMID- 6227548 TI - The pacemaker patient in the dental surgery. PMID- 6227549 TI - [Neonatal tuberous bromoderma caused by maternal milk]. PMID- 6227550 TI - [A new cause of contact dermatitis: propolis]. PMID- 6227551 TI - [Contact sensitization in a chronic venous insufficiency syndrome with ulcerative lesions]. PMID- 6227552 TI - [Cimetidine in the treatment of cystic-nodular acne]. PMID- 6227553 TI - [Clinical experience with Tigason 10 mg]. PMID- 6227554 TI - [Lichenoid cutaneous eruptions caused by labetalol]. PMID- 6227555 TI - [Ultrastructural study of demodex infestation of the face in healthy subjects and acne rosacea patients]. PMID- 6227556 TI - [A new cause of contact dermatitis: propolis]. PMID- 6227557 TI - [Subpopulations of helper and suppressor T lymphocytes in psoriasis vulgaris]. PMID- 6227558 TI - Epidemiology of acne vulgaris. PMID- 6227559 TI - Lymphoma as a cause of exfoliative dermatitis. PMID- 6227560 TI - Insoluble glucan synthesis by Streptococcus mutans serotype c strains. AB - Both dextransucrase and mutansynthetase activities have been purified from the culture fluids of Streptococcus mutans GS-5 (serotype c). Although homogeneous dextransucrase preparations normally synthesize little insoluble glucan, essentially all of the glucan synthesized by this enzyme in the presence of 1.5 M (NH4)2SO4 was water insoluble. Linkage analysis of the insoluble glucans indicated that the presence of NH4+ increased the portion of alpha-1,3-glucose linkages relative to alpha-1,6-glucose units in the product. Chromatofocusing of aggregated glucosyltransferase fractions synthesizing predominantly insoluble glucan yielded primarily dextransucrase activity separable from relatively low levels of mutansynthetase activity. The latter enzyme was detected only in 18-h assays and synthesized primer-dependent insoluble glucan, which was decreased in the presence of NH4+. In the absence of primer dextran T10, the addition of dextransucrase also stimulated insoluble glucan synthesis by mutansynthetase. Dextransucrase and mutansynthetase appear to be distinct enzymes, since the latter possesses a higher molecular weight (155,000 compared to 140,000), a much lower isoelectric point, and did not cross-react with antibody directed against dextransucrase. These results are discussed relative to the mechanism of insoluble glucan synthesis by S. mutans serotype c strains. PMID- 6227561 TI - Immunity to herpes simplex virus type 2: recurrent lesions are associated with the induction of suppressor cells and soluble suppressor factors. AB - Cell-mediated immunity to herpes simplex virus type 2 was investigated in infected inbred strain 13/N guinea pigs with (45%), and without, a history of recurrent herpetic disease (A. D. Donnenberg, E. Chaikof, and L. Aurelian, Infect. Immun. 30:99-109, 1980). Induction of suppressor cells capable of reducing the proliferative response of herpes simplex virus type 2-stimulated immune lymphoid cells was demonstrated in spleen cells from animals with a history of recurrent disease at recrudescence and convalescence but not in spleen cells from quiescent animals or from animals without a history of recurrent herpetic disease (seropositive controls). Suppressor cells were also detected in the peripheral blood but only from three of seven studied animals, and only at recrudescence. In addition to inhibitory cell-cell interactions, the herpes simplex virus type 2-activated regulatory cells of animals with recrudescent herpetic lesions elaborated soluble suppressor factors affecting lymphocyte proliferation. Suppression mediated by suppressor factors was observed only when suppressor factors were added at an early stage of in vitro culture and was reversed by medium exchange throughout the 6 days of culture. Sephadex chromatography revealed the presence of factors capable of differentially modulating the proliferative response of herpes simplex virus-stimulated immune cells and concanavalin A-stimulated normal lymphoid cells. PMID- 6227563 TI - Management of low back pain and sciatica. PMID- 6227562 TI - [Infectiousness of a 4-year-old hepatitis B virus carrier and and active immunization of his playmates]. AB - Screening the contacts of a 33-year-old father with acute hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection revealed that this four-year-old adopted son was a persistent HBV carrier with massive viremia. The infection did not occur until they had been in contact for three and a half years. Serological findings from the wife, daughter and one of the children's playmates indicated previous hepatitis B infections which had been healed with a positive immune response. It is highly probable that the son induced these infections. The history of the child with persistent HBV infection as well as the clinical course indicate a perinatally acquired HBV infection. To prevent this infection from spreading further, seven playmates with an average age of five years were actively vaccinated against hepatitis B. The success of this vaccination was compared to a control group of adults. After applying the vaccine three times at four-week intervals, the seroconversion to anti-HBs occurred earlier and the antibody titres were higher in the children. 71% of the children had produced anti-HBs after the first vaccination compared to only 13% of the adults (mean age: 33 years). The rate of seroconversion was 100% for the children after the second vaccination, compared to only 93% for the adults four to six weeks after the third vaccination. PMID- 6227564 TI - Hapten-specific help mediated by an anti-ABA T cell line. AB - Long-term cultures of functional T cells were grown from mice injected with azobenzene arsonate (ABA) coupled spleen cells or mice painted with the diazonium salt of p-phenylarsonate. All cell lines produced delayed hypersensitivity to ABA. When tested for helper function in an antibody-forming cell assay only one line, AA3, helped plaque-forming cell formation. It was able to help anti-FLU response of FLU-HGG primed B cells to ABA-KLH-FLU. The help required linkage of the ABA and FLU determinants because cultures stimulated with a mixture of ABA KLH and TNP-KLH-FLU did not show increased PFC. These experiments demonstrate hapten-specific help in a system which eliminates involvement of passively absorbed antibody in hapten recognition. PMID- 6227565 TI - A new technique for the preparation of ready-to-use macroaggregated albumin (MAA) kits to be labelled with 99mTc for lung scanning. AB - Kits were developed for the sterile labelling of macroaggregated albumin (human) with 99mTc. 0.4 mL of 20% HSA, 1 mL of SnCl2 X 2H2O containing 5 mg and 1.1 mL of 0.9% NaCl were sonified for 10 min. The pH was adjusted with phosphate buffer to 5.5 after the addition of 1 mL of 5% Tween-80. The solution was heated with stirring for 10 min at 80 degrees C for aggregation and 1.0 mL portions were placed in 10 mL vials for lyophilization. The contents of single reaction vials were reacted with 99mTc and the radiochemical yield determined (higher than 98%). The MAA kits were stable and the stability of [99mTc]-MAA was followed for 4.5 h. Lung uptake in mice was determined to be about 98.5%. The preparation of [99mTc] MAA was performed in a single step process and excellent human lung scans were obtained. PMID- 6227566 TI - Plasma exchange in immune complex glomerulonephritis: clinical and immunological correlations. AB - 22 patients with immune complex (IC) glomerulonephritis (GN) were treated with plasma exchange (PE), corticosteroids and immunosuppressors, in 4 cases also as a long treatment. We evaluated circulating IC and some neutrophils (PMN) functions such as phagocytosis, aggregation and platelet activating factor (PAF) release. In extracapillary GN improvement was observed in 3/9 patients, concomitantly with IC decrease: in 6/9 patients no renal amelioration occurred, despite IC decrease in two. In all Lupus Nephritis and mixed IgG/IgM cryoglobulinemia, IC were highly positive and the disappearance of IC in 5/6 Lupus Nephritis and 4/4 cryoglobulinemia heralded systemic and renal amelioration. PMN functions were hampered in acute Lupus Nephritis and mixed cryoglobulinemia, but constantly improved along with IC decrease and clinical amelioration. Thus in extracapillary GN the decrease of IC by PE may not eventuate in renal improvement. In Lupus Nephritis and cryoglobulinemia a better correlation exits between IC, PMN function and clinical course. PMID- 6227567 TI - Effects of a physical training program on physical efficiency, work capacity and classroom-attention of handicapped children. AB - In the present study the effects of a ten-week physical training program on physical efficiency, work capacity and classroom-attention of 11 motorically handicapped children (between 8 and 14 years old) were examined. A physical training program for the children in the experimental group (n = 6) consisted of an intensification of the activities (assessed by means of heart rate recordings) of the scheduled physical education lessons, while the control group (n = 5) followed the same lessons without the intensity of the activities being changed. During all the lessons, the experimental group was required to achieve a minimum heart rate value of 160 beats X min-1. Physical efficiency and physical work capacity scores were calculated from the obtained relationships of respectively oxygen uptake versus workload and of oxygen uptake versus heart rate, determined during a submaximal bicycle ergometer test. Attention in the classroom was measured by means of a previously developed observation instrument. At the end of the ten-week training program a significant increase in physical efficiency and classroom-attention scores was demonstrated for the children in the experimental group. Such effects could not be demonstrated for the children in the control group. The implication that can be drawn from this finding is that the motorically handicapped children in the experimental group after having received special physical training can perform the same amount of external work with less energy expenditure. Further, their attention behaviour in the classroom situation appears to be facilitated. A follow-up study, carried out some months after the end of the training program, showed for both groups a deterioration in physical efficiency scores, while the experimental group also deteriotated in terms of their attention scores. It is suggested that an intensification of activities during the scheduled physical education lesson can have positive effects both physical and psychological on motorically handicapped children. PMID- 6227568 TI - A comparison of the attitudes of students and non-students toward the disabled in Ghana. AB - A comparison of attitudes toward the disabled in Ghana was made between 146 college students (majoring in general education, special education administration and medicine) and 128 non-students. The study focuses on an analysis of responses to a select number of attitude statements which revealed the following: Students responded more favorably than non-students to statements emphasizing the value of educating the disabled. Students were less likely to blame the disabled or his/her family for the presence of a disability. On the other hand, both students and non-students were least favorable to social interaction with the disabled. A major finding of the study was that all scores fell within or above the moderately positive range. However, analysis of data revealed an inconsistency between the cognitive and affective attitude components. These findings suggest the influence of traditional beliefs on attitudes toward the disabled. PMID- 6227569 TI - Recovery as a mind-brain paradigm. AB - Struck by the sometimes contradictory representations of recovery that rehabilitation specialists resort to in their professional activity, we examine five models covering the whole range: neuronal regeneration, neuro-psychological plasticity, intersensory compensation, behavioural relearning, and finally the cognitive and affective concern for a new life. This exercise and a review of the literature lead us to consider a two-way relationship between psychological adaptation and nervous restoration. We think that reference to a integral model of recovery is essential for an inter-disciplinary team to find all the means for helping each individual case. The implications appear to be valid not only for rehabilitation, but also for the daily care of the chronically handicapped: it is suggested that they should benefit from a comparative study in which they experience the different modes of action. In special education also, mentally handicapped children should be trained by different methods tested with each child; a sequential programme of alternating periods of verbal, visual, and bodily training is proposed. PMID- 6227570 TI - ConA-induced suppressor cells in lepromatous leprosy patients during and after erythema nodosum leprosum. AB - ConA-induced suppressor activity in patients with lepromatous leprosy (LL) was studied. Patients were studied during and after erythema nodosum leprosum (ENL) reactions. The study included 16 patients with ENL, nine of whom returned once the ENL episode was over. Patients were compared to 12 normal controls. Suppressor activity was evaluated in vitro by cultivating peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) with an inducer of T suppressor cells, concanavalin A (ConA), and with two different mitogens, phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and ConA, in order to measure the inhibition of the proliferative responses in all cases. In contrast, in LL patients during ENL the ConA-induced suppressor response was markedly reduced. The reduction in suppressor responses was even more marked in the LL patients after the ENL episode. Reduced levels of suppressor activity in LL patients reveal a defect in central mechanisms of control in the immune response. PMID- 6227571 TI - A psychosomatic approach to dermatologic cosmetology. PMID- 6227572 TI - The skin in alcoholism. PMID- 6227573 TI - Mutilating keratoderma of Vohwinkel. PMID- 6227574 TI - Fixed drug eruption caused by chlormezanone. PMID- 6227575 TI - The impact of lake creation on guinea-worm transmission in Nigeria on the eastern side of Kainji Lake. PMID- 6227576 TI - Heat-sensitive radiation damage in single-stranded DNA irradiated in a bacterial extract. AB - The effect of heat treatment (45 degrees C) on gamma-irradiated biologically active single-stranded phi X174 DNA, dissolved in a bacterial extract, was studied. The results show that under these circumstances heat-sensitive damage is found, which is absent after irradiation in pure buffer. The damage is non-lethal and probably becomes an apurinic/apyrimidinic site, which is lethal, upon the post-irradiation heat treatment. Prolonged heating converts it into a break. The amount of the initial damage depends on the conditions of irradiation. PMID- 6227577 TI - Psychological aspects of physical disability--an important point in the outcome in rehabilitation. PMID- 6227579 TI - Aids to hearing of a different kind. AB - Apart from personal hearing aids, there are a wide range of devices available for the hearing impaired. Most are not technically sophisticated but can make a considerable impact on their users. The major problem, however, is to ensure that they are used to the best advantage by as many people as possible. This paper describes the varieties of devices available and the settings in which they can be used. PMID- 6227578 TI - A review of current approaches to aural rehabilitation. AB - Degree of hearing impairment is not directly related to hearing handicap or disability. Since the 1940s measures of peripheral auditory function have been the basis of hearing aid selection even though they provide no direct information on psychosocial, vocational, or educational handicap or disability or on rehabilitation needs. Rehabilitation beyond provision of the hearing aid has been limited and demands new approaches. The evolution of aural rehabilitation is based on the notion of its being an ongoing process, of communication as a behaviour which relies on the integration of many types of information, and of the individual as a total person with multi-faceted hearing needs. PMID- 6227580 TI - Emotional adjustment of physically handicapped children: a comparison of children with congenital and acquired orthopaedic disabilities. AB - The purpose of the study is to test the hypothesis of no difference in the adjustment of children with congenital and acquired orthopaedic disabilities. A second aim is to determine the factors which may contribute to any differences in their adjustment. Forty children aged between eleven and sixteen years participated in the investigation. They were divided into congenital and acquired groups according to the development of the handicap. The results revealed that cases of acquired group had lower self-esteem, felt less happy, less autonomous, more anxious and more hypochondriac when compared with cases of the congenital group. The findings of marked differences in adjustment among congenital and acquired defect groups gives no support to the hypothesis. It is found that the congenital group experiences fewer adjustment problems than the comparison group with acquired defects. The impact of a physically handicapped child on a family may be damaging and may sometimes be catastrophic. A few families may be bound more firmly together by the experience, but in several, the stress imposed far outweighs the benefits. The demand that physically handicapped children make on society is also very substantial. Despite the apparent changes in the public's attitudes toward the handicapped, services available are still far short of the ideal. In the Isle of Wight survey (Rutter et al, 1970) dissatisfaction with the services available was expressed up to 80 per cent of the families studied irrespective of the severity of the handicap of the child. Little mention is made of the nature of the handicap itself.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6227582 TI - [A 48-year-old woman with asthma, cardiomegaly and eosinophilia]. PMID- 6227581 TI - Techniques to study metabolic changes at the cellular and organ level. PMID- 6227583 TI - The effect of vasospasm on perfusion radionuclide imaging in experimental pulmonary embolism. AB - Experiments were conducted to further evaluate previously observed discrepancies between postembolic perfusion scans and angiograms, and the relationship of these discrepancies to pulmonary vasospasm. Nonresorbable emboli were formed from Ivalon, muscle, or heated autologous clot. Scans and angiograms were compared at 24-hour intervals for two to eight days. During the first two days after embolism, angiographic-scan discrepancies occurred in most dogs, characterized by decreased size of scintigraphically demonstrated perfusion defects at the same times that the angiogram showed stable or even progressive obstruction. This discordant behavior of scan and angiogram is thought to reflect subsidence of postembolic vasospasm. In the 17 experimental dogs, 13 showed evidence of vasospasm, and four did not. In those that developed spasm, direct angiographic evidence of such spasm was present in all but one, manifest as diffuse constriction of small arteries and diminished parenchymal stain in vascular beds that were not directly obstructed mechanically. Although spasm diminished rapidly during the first 6 hours, there was continued and appreciable further resolution for over 48 hours in some dogs. This study reconfirms the frequent existence of vasospasm in three different embolic models, and indicates subsidence of spasm over a much longer time frame than was formerly supposed. Regression of spasm over an interval of several days suggests that perfusion scans should be performed clinically as soon as possible after a suspected embolic episode, prior to subsidence of spasm, in order to exploit the added sensitivity provided by spasm. PMID- 6227585 TI - Isozymes of human phosphofructokinase: biochemical and genetic aspects. AB - Human PFK is under the control of three structural loci that encode muscle-type (M), liver-type (L), and platelet-type (P) subunits. These loci are differentially expressed in various human tissues, resulting in a tissue-specific isozyme distribution patterns. Random tetramerization of these subunits produces various homotetrameric and heterotetrameric isozymes distinguishable by ion exchange chromatography and subunit-specific mouse monoclonal antibodies. Inherited PFK deficiency is associated with five clinically and biochemically identifiable groups. The largest and best defined of these consists of the patients with glycogenosis type VII (group I). This syndrome results from a total deficiency of the catalytically active M subunit; the molecular pathology of the other four syndromes remains to be elucidated. Subunit- and species-specific hybridoma antibodies to the PFK subunits have permitted not only precise immunochemical analysis of this complex isozyme system, but also chromosomal localization of the PFK loci. In addition, immunochemical homologies among vertebrate PFKs determined using monoclonal antibodies suggest both an ancient duplication of the ancestral PFK gene and the structural conservatism of vertebrate PFK subunits despite this early divergence. Using somatic cell hybrids and subunit-specific antibodies, the PFKM, PFKP, and PFKL loci have been assigned to chromosomes I (region cen leads to q32), 10p and 21, respectively. The localization of PFKL to chromosome 21 and the chromatographic demonstration of a specific increase in the L subunit in red cells from trisomy 21 individuals has thus resolved the controversy about whether the previously observed elevation in PFK activity in Down syndrome represented a gene dosage effect. PFK exhibits both quantitative increases and isozymic shifts secondary to the altered gene expression in neoplasia. Since these alterations are correlated with the rate of growth and not the cell type of origin, PFK appears to be not only a transformation-linked but also a progression-linked discriminant of malignancy. PMID- 6227584 TI - Experimental drug-induced changes in renal function and biodistribution of 99mTc MDP. AB - Increased renal uptake of 99mTc methylene diphosphonate (MDP) was observed irregularly in rats after methotrexate, vincristine or gentamicin, administered separately. Cisplatin regularly induced a dose-related increased MDP uptake which correlated with the degree of tubular damage histologically. The augmented MDP renal uptake was not consistently accompanied by a decreased clearance of simultaneously injected I-131 Hippuran, particularly at lower drug dose levels. This observation agreed with previous evidence that the mechanisms of tubular transport of diphosphonates and organic acids like Hippuran are different. At higher dose levels, the augmented MDP uptake was accompanied by increased renal calcium, hypophosphatemia, elevated serum urea nitrogen and creatinine, and only occasional, mild hypercalcemia. The magnitude of the increased renal uptake of MDP observed could not be explained by alterations in iron metabolism or by dehydration. Drug-induced renal retention of MDP by a factor of 2 or more above normal appears to be a useful indicator of tubular damage when other parameters of renal function are sometimes normal. PMID- 6227587 TI - Use of a dacron prosthesis for relief of superior vena cava obstruction in a child with thymoma. AB - A case of thrombosis of superior vena cava in a child with thymoma is reported and the necessity of an exact definition of vascular lesions in thymopathies underlined. The innominate veins and the superior vena cava should be visualized preoperatively to program an appropriate radical surgical treatment particularly when these vessels are affected by the tumor. PMID- 6227586 TI - Beta-hexosaminidase isozymes and replacement therapy in Gm2 gangliosidosis. AB - The problem of cell targeting of lysosomal enzymes is a critical one in the development of strategies for therapeutic enzyme replacement in lysosomal storage diseases. In principle, posttranscriptional isozymes with different carbohydrate chain composition may be helpful in exploiting existing glycosyl-specific receptors on target cells, if the receptor specificities are known and match the glycosyl composition of available isozymes. In practice, however, the choice is limited to isozymes that can be obtained from tissues available in abundance, such as placenta or blood plasma. Our early experiments show that one can interfere with the interaction between hepatic (RES) receptor and enzyme glycosyl chain, to obtain extrahepatic targeting of beta-hexosaminidase, with catabolic effects. This approach, of course, does not have an immediate therapeutic application, as it involves injection of large amounts of foreign material in order to inhibit hepatic uptake. Modification of the glycosyl chain may be the method of choice in selected instances [Furbish et al. 1981], but is applicability again depends on the knowledge of receptor specificity on target cells and on composition of the glycosyl chain of the enzyme in question. Our recent experiments are a first step toward obtaining enzyme forms that can be endocytosed efficiently by mechanisms that are independent of glycosyl-specific receptors. Charge-mediated, absorptive endocytosis can be obtained by covalent coupling of cationic PLL to beta-hexosaminidase. Given the abundance of negative surface charges on most cell types [Weiss, 1969], this approach may be applicable to different target cells and organs, and possibly also to lysosomal enzymes other than beta-hexosaminidase. The existence of glycosyl recognition signals on beta-hexosaminidase can be obviated by simple chemical manipulations, such as Na metaperiodate oxidation, which effectively prevents hepatic RES uptake [Rattazzi et al, 1982]. In combination with PLL conjugation, this may ultimately result in an enzyme form that escapes the undesired, preferential RES uptake and is efficiently endocytosed by most cells. It will remain to be seen if this artificially created isozyme (for which we propose the name "ersatzyme") is catabolically effective. This can easily be verified in our animal model, along the lines followed to demonstrate the catabolic effects of native Hex A. Finally, the recent developments in molecular genetics, which allows production of human proteins in bacterial systems by recombinant DNA techniques, make it very likely that abundant beta-hexosaminidase may be similarly obtained for therapeutic applications.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6227588 TI - Ultrasonic Doppler flow in migraine and cluster headache. PMID- 6227589 TI - [Incidence of irritant dermatosis among employees of the shipbuilding industry]. AB - Irritant dermatosis is a non-specific reactive change on the skin. In most cases it represents the summated effects induced by various agents. Not only the shortened recovery phases of the skin but also a dispositional factor are important. Such changes, which are relatively common in some vocations but are usually only slight, cannot, as a rule, be regarded as signs of illness. Nevertheless, attention should be drawn to the necessity of intensive skin care and observation of the recovery phases because the frequency of irritant dermatosis can increase with increasing length of employment. PMID- 6227590 TI - [Occupational koilonychia]. AB - Over a period of 10 years a 57-year-old patient mainly repairing oil-burner gradually developed spoon-like deformations of his finger nails. A 47-year-old patient observed similar alterations working as a butcher for 4 years. We want to stress the occupational induction of the disease and its therapeutical consequences. PMID- 6227591 TI - Assessment of hypertrophied left ventricular function in patients with essential hypertension using new noninvasive index, E'max/V100: comparison between non hypertrophied and hypertrophied hearts with and without ST-T changes. PMID- 6227592 TI - Alterations in human muscle fibre type distribution induced by acute exercise. AB - Fibre type distributions in the vastus lateralis muscles of six male subjects (age 18 to 22 years) have been compared at rest and during exercise. Exercise consisted of one leg cycling at 60% VO2 max (one leg) for 120 min. The increased contractile activity was associated with a 28.8% (p less than 0.05) decrease in the distribution of Type I fibres in the exercised leg. This change in fibre type distribution was manifested early in the exercise (15 min), and was also evident in muscle samples obtained after 60 and 120 min of activity. Reductions in the Type I fibre distribution was accompanied by an increase in the Type II fibres, specifically the Type IIA distribution (p less than 0.05). Comparable alterations in the specific fibre distribution were also found in the non exercising leg. These observations indicate that alterations in the muscle cell induced either directly or indirectly by the increased contractile activity interact with normal pre-incubation conditions to effect changes in the stability of the myofibrillar ATPase reaction. Specifically, it appears that a percentage of the Type I fibre population becomes acid labile and alkali stable. PMID- 6227593 TI - Clonal analysis of T lymphocyte response to an isolated class I disparity. AB - A bulk primed lymphocyte reagent generated in a class II identical class I (HLA B) disparate sibling combination demonstrated both cytotoxic [cell mediated lympholysis (CML)] and proliferative [i.e., primed LD (lymphocyte) typing (PLT)] reactivity associated with the class I antigen, Bw62. Cells from this bulk population were plated by limiting dilution and cloned by micromanipulation. Three functional groups of clones were isolated. Some clones derived were found specifically to proliferate to and lyse cells bearing the Bw62 antigen. Based on such reactivities, these clones were analogous to the class of antigen-driven, helper cell independent cytotoxic (HITc) clones previously reported from our laboratories. Other clones responded proliferatively to stimulation by Bw62 positive cells but were not cytotoxic, thus fitting characteristics of Th, although it will be necessary to test such clones for their ability to produce Interleukin 2 (IL-2). In addition, conventional cytotoxic clones which did not proliferative to, but did lyse cells bearing the Bw62 antigen were isolated. The results were consistent with the existence of both HITc and Tc mediated cytotoxicity generated against this isolated class I disparity. PMID- 6227594 TI - Areolar gland discharge in adolescent females. AB - Two Tanner stage IV adolescent females with secretion of material from the areolar glands of the breast are described. This report, as well as previous case reports, indicates that the condition is benign in the presence of an otherwise unremarkable physical examination. In contrast to galactorrhea, which must be evaluated completely, areolar gland discharge appears to be a curiosity that may be as rare as the number of case reports would suggest. It appears to warrant nothing more than careful observation. PMID- 6227595 TI - Simultaneous cystometry and uroflowmetry for evaluation of micturition in two dogs. AB - A recently developed urodynamic testing procedure was used to evaluate disorders of micturition in 2 dogs. The procedure simultaneously recorded intravesical pressure and urine flow during micturition. In an 11-year-old spayed female Sheltie that could not urinate normally, a micturition study demonstrated functional outflow obstruction of the urinary bladder. Although the urethra was patent, the urethral resistance factor, as calculated from pressure and flow data, was extremely high during voiding efforts. A urethral transitional cell carcinoma along with secondary infection, inflammation, and fibrosis were found to be responsible for the dog's problem. Ability to urinate was restored following removal of the affected portion of the urethra. In a 6-year-old spayed female Doberman Pinscher with urinary incontinence during sleep, a micturition study demonstrated urethral incompetence. During infusion of 0.9% NaCl solution into the bladder, the fluid flowed through the urethra before the detrusor muscle contracted, and urethral resistance during voiding was low. The dog's incontinence was responsive to estrogen administration. PMID- 6227596 TI - What is your diagnosis? Right-sided heart enlargement. PMID- 6227597 TI - Genetic and phenotypic parameters estimated from Nebraska specific-pathogen-free swine field records. AB - Records collected during 1971 through 1979 from 101,606 hogs raised in 18 Nebraska Specific Pathogen Free herds were analyzed. Traits considered were backfat at 100 kg (BF), weight at 140 d of age (WT) and, in some analyses, number of live pigs/litter at birth (NBA). The phenotypic correlation of BF and WT, averaged across herds, was -.07. The correlations between BF and NBA and between WT and NBA were .04 and -.05, respectively. Average phenotypic standard deviations for BF, WT and NBA were 2.6 mm, 8.8 kg and 2.0 pigs. Estimates of the heritability of BF and WT were lower than most estimates reported from university research herds. Within breed, herd and sex estimates of heritability ranged from .22 and .51 (unweighted mean = .16 +/- .025) for BF and ranged from -.28 to .49 (mean = .16 +/- .016) for WT. Estimates of the genetic correlation between BF and WT were extremely variable (mean = -.62 +/- 14.3, range = -9.42 to 1.30) among breed-herd-sex subclasses. PMID- 6227599 TI - Beware: greenstick fracture of the proximal tibial metaphysis. PMID- 6227598 TI - Ubiquitous fungus-deceptive presentation. PMID- 6227600 TI - Recurrent abdominal pain in childhood. PMID- 6227601 TI - Vascular disease. PMID- 6227602 TI - A comparison of the old and new antibiotics. PMID- 6227603 TI - Prophylactic antibiotic therapy for endophthalmitis with intraocular lens implantation. PMID- 6227604 TI - Orthopedic treatment of the aged. PMID- 6227605 TI - A five-year evaluation of tularemia in Arkansas. PMID- 6227606 TI - Management of esophageal perforations. PMID- 6227608 TI - Siderophore-mediated iron uptake in different strains of Anabaena sp. AB - Anabaena sp. strain 6411, which produces the dihydroxamate siderophore schizokinen to facilitate iron uptake, is also capable of using the related siderophore aerobactin. The two siderophores compete for the same iron transport system, but there is a markedly higher affinity for ferric schizokinen than for ferric aerobactin. The trihydroxamate siderophore ferrioxamine B is far less effective as an iron donor in this organism. Anabaena sp. strain 7120 appears to be closely related to strain 6411. It synthesizes schizokinen as its major siderophore and shows rates of iron uptake from ferric schizokinen, ferric aerobactin, and ferrioxamine B which are similar to those observed with strain 6411. Anabaena cylindrica Lemm. 7122 and 1611, on the other hand, differ from strain 6411. In contrast to schizokinen, the hydroxamate which they produce in response to iron starvation cannot be extracted with water from the organic layer and does not support the growth of the siderophore auxotroph Arthrobacter flavescens JG-9. Strain 7122 can use its endogenous siderophore or schizokinen to promote iron uptake, but at 50-fold-lower rates than are observed with Anabaena sp. strain 6411 or 7120. PMID- 6227607 TI - Use of lambda unc transducing bacteriophages in genetic and biochemical characterization of H+-ATPase mutants of Escherichia coli. AB - The eight subunits of the H+-ATPase of Escherichia coli are coded by the genes of the unc operon, which maps between bglB and asnA. A collection of unc mutations were transferred via P1 transduction into a strain in which lambda cI857 S7 was inserted into bglB. The lambda phage was induced, and asnA+ transducing phage that carried unc were selected. Transducing phage carrying mutations in the uncA, B, D, E, and F genes were used for complementation analysis with a collection of unc mutants, including mutants which had been reported previously but not genetically characterized. Some mutations gave a simple complementation pattern, indicating a single defective gene, whereas other mutations gave more complex patterns. Two mutants (uncE105 and uncE107) altered in the proteolipid (omega) subunit of F0 were not complemented by any of the lambda unc phage, even though both mutants had a fully functional F1 ATPase and therefore normal A and D genes. Hence, only limited conclusions can be drawn from genetic complementation alone, since it cannot distinguish normal from abnormal genes in certain classes of unc mutants. The lambda unc phage proved to be essential in characterizing several mutants defective in F0-mediated H+ translocation. The unc gene products were overproduced by heat induction of the lysogenized lambda unc phage to determine whether all the F0 subunits were in the membrane. Two mutants that gave a simple complementation pattern, indicative of one defective gene, did not assemble a three-subunit F0. The uncB108 mutant was shown to lack the chi subunit of F0 but to retain psi and omega. Trace amounts of an altered omega subunit and normal amounts of chi and psi were found in the uncE106 mutant. A substitution of aspartate for glycine at residue 58 of the protein was determined by DNA sequence analysis of the uncE gene cloned from the lambda uncE106 phage DNA. One of the omega-defective, noncomplementing mutants (uncE107) was shown to retain all three F0 subunits. The uncE gene from this mutant was also sequenced to confirm an asparagine-for-aspartate substitution at position 61 (the dicyclohexylcarbodiimide-binding site) of the omega subunit. PMID- 6227609 TI - Regulation of enterobactin iron transport in Escherichia coli: characterization of ent::Mu d(Apr lac) operon fusions. AB - The vector Mu d(Apr lac) was utilized to construct operon fusions in the Escherichia coli enterobactin (ent) biosynthetic and transport genes. Enzyme assays indicated a 5- to 15-fold increase in the expression of beta-galactosidase when the fusion strains were grown under iron-deficient conditions. The polarity effects seen by Mu d insertions into entA, entC, and entE were consistent with a single operon, entA(CGB)E. The direction of transcription from iron-regulated promoters was determined by directional transfer of selected genetic markers after the insertion of F'ts114 lac+. Regulatory mutants were isolated in the fusion strains by the selection for constitutive expression of beta-galactosidase and the iron-regulated outer membrane proteins. PMID- 6227610 TI - Regulation of activated protein C by thrombin-modified protein S. AB - Protein S, a vitamin K-dependent plasma protein having Gla-residues, increases the rate of inactivation of Factor Va by activated protein C by enhancing the binding of activated protein C to phospholipid [Walker, J.F. (1981) J. Biol. Chem. 256, 11128-11131]. The present study aimed at elucidating the effect of thrombin-modified protein S on Factor Va inactivation by activated protein C. Nondigested protein S consisted 81% of intact form and 19% of modified form, and thrombin-digested protein S had 96% modified form. Protein S, both nondigested and digested, did not show any effects on the amidolytic activity of activated protein C towards synthetic peptide substrate. Nondigested protein S stimulated the Factor Va inactivation by activated protein C, whereas the digested protein appeared to suppress the inactivation. Protein-phospholipid binding experiments showed that although nondigested protein S enhanced the binding of activated protein C to phospholipid stoichiometrically, digested protein S appeared to not only suppress the complex formation, but also dissociate the complex. This evidence suggested that protein S modified by thrombin regulates the action of activated protein C towards Factor Va on phospholipid. PMID- 6227611 TI - Binding properties of an intrinsic ATPase inhibitor and occurrence in yeast mitochondria of a protein factor which stabilizes and facilitates the binding of the inhibitor to F1F0-ATPase. AB - The content of an intrinsic ATPase inhibitor in mitochondria was determined by a radioimmunoassay procedure which showed the molar ratio of the inhibitor to ATPase to be 1:1. The ratio in submitochondrial particles, where half of the enzyme was activated, was the same as that of mitochondria, indicating that the inhibitor protein has affinity for the mitochondrial membrane as well as for F1 ATPase. The inhibitor protein could be removed from the mitochondrial membrane by incubation with 0.5 M Na2SO4 and concomitantly the enzyme was fully activated. The enzyme fully activated by the salt treatment was inactivated again by the externally added ATPase inhibitor in the presence of ATP and Mg2+. The enzyme inhibitor complex (inactive) on the mitochondrial membrane was more stable than the solubilized enzyme-inhibitor complex but gradually dissociated in the absence of ATP and Mg2+. However, in mitochondria, the enzyme activity was inhibited even in the absence of the cofactors. A protein factor stabilizing the enzyme inhibitor complex on the mitochondrial membrane was isolated from yeast mitochondria. This factor stabilized the inhibitor complex of membrane-bound ATPase while having no effect on that of purified F1-ATPase. It also efficiently facilitated the binding of the inhibitor to membrane-bound ATPase to form the complex, which reversibly dissociated at slightly alkaline pH. PMID- 6227612 TI - Structural organization of the meiotic prophase chromatin in the rat testis. AB - Pachytene nuclei were isolated from rat testes by the unit gravity sedimentation technique and contained histone variants H1a, H1t, TH2A, TH2B, and X2 in addition to the somatic histones H1bde, H1c, H2A, H2B, H3, and H4. The basic organization of the pachytene chromatin namely the nucleosome repeat length and the accessibility to micrococcal nuclease, was similar to that of rat liver interphase chromatin. However, when digested by DNase I, the susceptibility of pachytene chromatin was 25% more than liver chromatin under identical conditions. Nucleosome core particles were isolated from both liver and pachytene nuclei and were characterized for their DNA length and integrity of the nucleoprotein on low ionic strength nucleoprotein gels. While liver core particles contained all the somatic histones H2A, H2B, H3, and H4, in the pachytene core particles, histone variants TH2A, X2, and TH2B had replaced nearly 60% of the respective somatic histones. A comparison of the circular dichroism spectra obtained for pachytene and liver core particles indicated that the pachytene core particles were less compact than the liver core particles. Studies on the thermal denaturation properties of the two types of core particles revealed that the fraction of the pachytene core DNA melting at the premelting temperature region of 55-60 degrees C was significantly higher than that of the liver core DNA. PMID- 6227613 TI - Regulation of cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium transport by calcium calmodulin-dependent phosphorylation. AB - Cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum contains an endogenous calcium-calmodulin dependent protein kinase and a 22,000-Da substrate, phospholamban. This kinase is half-maximally activated (EC50) by 3.8 +/- 0.3 microM calcium and is absolutely dependent on exogenous calmodulin (EC50 = 49 nM). To determine the effect of this phosphorylation on calcium transport, sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles (0.5 mg/ml) were preincubated under conditions for optimal phosphorylation (50 mM potassium phosphate, pH 7.0, 10 mM MgCl2, 0.5 mM EGTA, 0.478 mM CACl2, 0.1 microM calmodulin, 0.5 mM ATP). Control sarcoplasmic reticulum was preincubated under identical conditions but in the absence of ATP to avoid phosphorylation. Both control and phosphorylated vesicles were centrifuged and resuspended in 0.3 M sucrose, 20 mM Tris-HCl, 100 mM KCl, pH 7.0, to remove calmodulin and subsequently assayed for calcium (45Ca) transport in the presence of 2.5 mM Tris oxalate. Phosphorylation of sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles by calcium-calmodulin dependent protein kinase resulted in a significant increase (2- to 4-fold) in the rate of calcium transport at low calcium concentrations (less than 3 microM), while calcium transport was minimally affected at higher calcium. Hill coefficients (n) derived from Hill plots of transport data showed no difference between control and phosphorylated sarcoplasmic reticulum (n = 2.0), indicating that phosphorylation does not alter the cooperativity between calcium sites on the calcium pump. The EC50 for calcium activation of calcium transport by control vesicles was 0.86 +/- 0.1 microM calcium, and phosphorylation of phospholamban decreased this value to 0.61 +/- 0.07 microM calcium (n = 7, p less than 0.028), indicating an increase in the apparent affinity for calcium upon phosphorylation. These results were found to be specific for calcium-calmodulin-dependent phosphorylation of phospholamban. Control experiments on the effects of the reactants used in the phosphorylation assay and subsequent centrifugation of sarcoplasmic reticulum showed no alteration of the rate of calcium transport. Therefore, the calcium pump in cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum appears to be regulated by an endogenous calcium-calmodulin-dependent protein kinase, and this may provide an important regulatory mechanism for the myocardium. PMID- 6227614 TI - Regulation of the synthesis and hydrolysis of ATP by mitochondrial ATPase. Role of Mg2+. AB - ATP hydrolysis, the exchange of inorganic phosphate with ATP, and ATP synthesis have been studied as a function of Mg2+ concentration in bovine heart submitochondrial particles. The rate of exchange is low at concentrations of Mg2+ below 3 mM, at higher concentrations, the exchange is several times higher. ATP hydrolysis shows a different pattern with respect to the concentration of Mg2+. The ratio of ATP hydrolyzed to ATP exchanged is above 20 at Mg2+ concentrations below 3 mM and about 5 at high Mg2+ concentrations; ADP induces a further drop of the ratio (2-3). By assays of the sensitivity of the hydrolytic reaction to organic solvents (dimethyl sulfoxide), it has been possible to determine the rate limiting step of ATP hydrolysis. At 3 mM Mg2+, the rate-limiting step is the release of ADP in the soluble, but not in the particulate enzyme. However at higher Mg2+ concentrations, the rate-limiting step in the particulate enzyme is also ADP release. Therefore, the decrease in the ratio of ATP hydrolysis to inorganic phosphate incorporated into ATP coincides with a change in the kinetics of the enzyme, i.e. when the terminal step of ATP hydrolysis becomes rate limiting, the inorganic phosphate-ATP exchange increases. Ca2+ induces an increase in the phosphate-ATP exchange at low Mg2+ concentrations. PMID- 6227615 TI - Regulation of the synthesis and hydrolysis of ATP by mitochondrial ATPase. Role of the natural ATPase inhibitor protein. AB - The action of the natural ATPase inhibitor protein of Pullman and Monroy (Pullman, M. E., and Monroy, G. C. (1963) J. Biol. Chem. 238, 3762-3769) on the mechanisms of energy conservation of heart mitochondria has been explored. The synthesis and hydrolysis of ATP and the Pi-ATP exchange reaction were studied in submitochondrial particles that possess the ATPase-inhibitor protein complex in two distinguishable states. In addition to their different rates of hydrolysis, the two states of the complex have been identified from their different accessibility to antibodies directed against the inhibitor protein, and from the different action of antibodies and trypsin on the ATPase activity of the two types of particles studied. The steady state rates of hydrolysis and of the Pi ATP exchange reaction of the particles are determined by the state in which the ATPase-inhibitor complex exists. Apparently by modifying the rate of one of the steps involved in the catalytic reaction of the ATPase, the inhibitor protein determines the extent to which the enzyme is able to catalyze ATP hydrolysis and the Pi-ATP exchange reaction. This action of the inhibitor protein also reflects the rate at which the particles carry out oxidative phosphorylation. PMID- 6227616 TI - The pathway of ATP hydrolysis by dynein. Kinetics of a presteady state phosphate burst. AB - The kinetics of ATP binding and hydrolysis (formation of acid-labile phosphate) by the Tetrahymena 30 S dynein ATPase has been measured by chemical quench flow methods. The amplitude of the ATP-binding transient gave a molecular weight per ATP-binding site of approximately 750,000, suggesting nearly 3 ATP binding sites/2 million Mr dynein molecule (Johnson, K. A., and Wall, J.S. (1983) J. Cell Biol. 96, 669-678). ATP binding occurred at the rate predicted from the apparent second order rate constant of 4.7 X 10(6) M-1 S-1 measured by analysis of the ATP induced dissociation of the microtubule-dynein complex (Porter, M. E., and Johnson, K. A. (1983) J. Biol. Chem. 258, 6582-6587). Hydrolysis was slower than binding and occurred at a rate of 55 S-1, at 30 and 50 microM ATP. The rate limiting step for steady state turnover (product release) occurred with a rate constant of 8 S-1. These data show that the first two steps of the pathway of coupling ATP hydrolysis to the microtubule-dynein cross-bridge cycle are the same as those described by Lymn and Taylor for actomyosin (Lymn, R. W., and Taylor, E. W. (1971) Biochemistry 10, 4617-4624). Namely, ATP binding induces the very rapid dissociation of dynein from the microtubule and ATP hydrolysis occurs more slowly following dissociation. Moreover, in spite of rather gross structural differences, the kinetic constants for dynein and myosin are quite similar. PMID- 6227617 TI - Presteady state kinetic analysis of vanadate-induced inhibition of the dynein ATPase. AB - The effects of vanadate on the kinetics of ATP binding and hydrolysis by Tetrahymena 30 S dynein were examined by presteady state kinetic analysis. Up to a concentration of 400 microM, vanadate did not inhibit the rate or amplitude of the ATP binding-induced dissociation of the microtubule-dynein complex measured by stopped flow light-scattering methods. Chemical quench flow experiments showed that vanadate (80 microM) did not alter the rate or amplitude of the presteady state ATP binding or ATP hydrolysis transients, but the steady state hydrolysis of ATP was blocked immediately after a single turnover of ATP. Preincubation of the enzyme with ADP and vanadate inhibited both presteady state and steady state hydrolysis. These data suggest that vanadate acts as a phosphate analog to form an enzyme-ADP-vanadate complex, analogous to the transition state during catalysis, by the following pathway: (formula; see text) where V represents vanadate and D represents a dynein active site. ADP and vanadate, added together, induced dissociation of the microtubule-dynein complex at a maximum rate of 0.6 S 1. These observations imply that a microtubule-dynein-ADP-vanadate complex was formed which subsequently dissociated as shown below: (formula; see text) where M denotes a microtubule. The ADP plus vanadate-induced dissociation may represent the reverse of the normal forward pathway involving the binding of a dynein-ADP phosphate complex to a microtubule. PMID- 6227618 TI - Kinetic evidence for multiple dynein ATPase sites. AB - We have examined the kinetics of ATP-induced dissociation of the microtubule dynein complex at low ATP concentrations in the presence of vanadate, which inhibits the enzyme after the binding and hydrolysis of a single ATP per site (Shimizu, T., and Johnson, K. A. (1983) J. Biol. Chem. 258, 13833-13840). Four aspects of the dissociation reaction could not be explained by a model of dynein with a single ATP-sensitive microtubule binding site. First, titration of the light-scattering amplitude versus ATP concentration in the presence of vanadate gave Mr = 720,000/ATP binding site, indicating approximately 2.8 sites/2 million molecular weight particle. Second, the dissociation reaction was incomplete at concentrations of less than 2 microM ATP in the absence of vanadate, while the addition of vanadate led to complete dissociation at an increased rate. Third, the time course of dissociation induced by less than or equal to 1 microM ATP in the presence of vanadate was biphasic, with a small but distinct lag. Fourth, the ATP concentration dependence of the rate of dissociation in the absence of vanadate was concave upward at concentrations of ATP less than 5 microM, whereas the plot was linear in the presence of vanadate. These data suggest that dynein has three ATP-sensitive microtubule binding sites and each site must bind ATP for dynein to detach from the microtubule. PMID- 6227619 TI - Kinetic evidence for multiple dynein heads: modeling the dissociation reaction. PMID- 6227620 TI - Isolation and characterization of plasma membranes from strains of Neurospora crassa with wild type morphology. AB - A variety of commercially available cell wall hydrolytic enzyme preparations were screened alone and in various combinations for their ability to degrade the cell wall of Neurospora crassa wild type strain 1A. A combination was found which causes complete conversion of the normally filamentous germinated conidia to spherical structures in about 1.5 h. Examination of these spheroplasts by scanning electron microscopy indicated that, although they are spherical, they retain a smooth coat that can only be removed upon prolonged incubation in the enzyme mixture (about 10 h). The 10-h incubation in the enzyme mixture appears to have no obvious detrimental effects on the integrity of the plasma membrane since the activity and regulatory properties of the glucose active transport system in 10-h spheroplasts are essentially unimpaired. Importantly, plasma membranes can be isolated from the 10-h spheroplasts by an adaptation of the concanavalin A method developed previously in this laboratory for cells of the cell wall-less sl strain, which is not the case for the 1.5-h spheroplasts. The yield of plasma membrane vesicles isolated by this procedure is 18-36% as indicated by surface labeling with diazotized [125I]iodosulfanilic acid, and the preparation is less than 1% contaminated with mitochondrial protein. The chemical composition of the wild type plasma membranes is similar to that previously reported for membranes of the sl strain of Neurospora. The isolated wild type plasma membrane vesicles also exhibit all of the functional properties that have previously been demonstrated for the sl plasma membrane vesicles. The wild type vesicles catalyze MgATP-dependent electrogenic proton translocation as indicated by the concentrative uptake of [14C]SCN- and [14C]imidazole under the appropriate conditions, which indicates that they contain the plasma membrane H+-ATPase previously shown to exist in the sl plasma membranes and that they possess permeability barrier function as well. The vesicles also contain a Ca2+/H+ antiporter as evidenced by their ability to catalyze protonophore-inhibited MgATP dependent 45Ca2+ accumulation. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic analyses of the isolated vesicles indicate that the protein composition of the wild type vesicles is roughly similar to that of the sl plasma membranes with the H+-ATPase present as a major band of Mr approximately 105,000. The wild type plasma membrane ATPase forms a phosphorylated intermediate similar to that of the sl ATPase, and the specific activity of the H+-ATPase in both wild type and sl membranes is approximately 3 mumol of Pi released/mg of protein/min.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6227621 TI - Effect of divalent cation bound to the ATPase of sarcoplasmic reticulum. Activation of phosphoenzyme hydrolysis by Mg2+. AB - In order to study the mechanism for activation of ATP hydrolysis by Mg2+, the stoichiometry of the high affinity calcium-binding sites with respect to each form of reaction intermediate of sarcoplasmic reticulum ATPase was determined at 0 degrees C and pH 7.0 in the presence and absence of added Mg2+ using the purified ATPase preparation. High affinity calcium binding to the enzyme-ATP complex and to ADP-sensitive (E1P) and ADP-insensitive (E2P) phosphoenzymes occurred with stoichiometric ratios of 2, 2, and 0, and 3, 3, and 1 in the presence and absence of added Mg2+, respectively. The results were interpreted to indicate that in addition to 2 mol of calcium bound to the transport sites of the ATPase, 1 mol of divalent cation, which is derived from the metal component of the substrate, the metal-ATP complex, remains bound to each mole of the enzyme at least until E2P is hydrolyzed. As activation of phosphoenzyme hydrolysis by Mg2+ was blocked by the low concentrations of Ca2+ used in the calcium binding experiments, it was concluded that it is the magnesium derived from MgATP that is responsible for rapid hydrolysis of the phosphoenzyme intermediate. PMID- 6227622 TI - Alterations in the structure of the ribose moiety of ATP reduce its effectiveness as a substrate for the sarcoplasmic reticulum ATPase. AB - The substrate specificity of the calcium ATPase of isolated sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles was examined using a series of ribose-modified ATP analogs. Steady state hydrolytic rate measurements using analogs modified at the 2'- and 3'-positions demonstrate that both hydroxyl groups contribute to substrate specificity and high catalytic activity. The 3'-hydroxyl is especially significant in this regard since all analogs modified at the 3'-position were slowly hydrolyzed, if at all, and they did not produce the activation at millimolar concentrations characteristically observed with ATP. In contrast, ATP analogs modified only at the 2'-position were more rapidly hydrolyzed (although at rates less than for ATP), and they did produce activation at millimolar concentrations. These results suggest that neither the catalytic (high affinity) nor the regulatory (low affinity) site of the CaATPase tolerates changes in the hydroxyl substituent at the 3'-position of ATP, whereas steady state rates associated with substrate binding at both types of sites are less affected by changes in the 2'-hydroxyl of ATP. PMID- 6227623 TI - Proteoheparan sulfate from human skin fibroblasts. Evidence for self-interaction via the heparan sulfate side chains. AB - We have studied the affinity between fibroblast proteoheparan sulfate (medium- and cell surface-derived species) and heparan sulfate-agaroses by affinity chromatography. The evidence for an interaction between the heparan sulfate side chains of the proteoglycans and the immobilized heparan sulfate are as follows: (a) the individual side chains released from the proteoglycan by papain bind to the affinity matrix, (b) the bound proteoglycans are desorbed by a solution of cognate heparan sulfate chains, and (c) the core protein obtained by heparan sulfate-lyase digestion of the proteoglycan does not bind to the affinity matrix. The proteoglycans interact only with one subtype of heparan sulfate. The binding of free heparan sulfate chains to the affinity matrix is completely abolished by heparan sulfate oligosaccharides provided they are composed of both iduronate- and glucuronate-containing disaccharide sequences. PMID- 6227624 TI - Modulation by ADP and Mg2+ of the inactivation of the F1-ATPase from the thermophilic bacterium, PS3, with dicyclohexylcarbodiimide. AB - The soluble F1-ATPase from the thermophilic bacterium PS3 (TF1) contains no endogenous adenine nucleotides and contains about 0.2 g ions of Mg2+/mol which resists removal by repeated centrifugation-elution on columns of Sephadex G-50. The isolated enzyme will not bind additional Mg2+ added in the absence of adenine nucleotides nor is the rate of inactivation of the isolated enzyme by dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCCD) affected by the addition of Mg2+. When ADP is added to isolated TF1, a 1:1 TF1 X ADP complex is formed which is stable to repeated gel permeation on columns of Sephadex G-50 subjected to centrifugation elution. On formation of the 1:1 TF1 X ADP complex, the rate of inactivation of the enzyme by DCCD is accelerated 6-fold. The rate of inactivation of the 1:1 TF1 X ADP complex by DCCD is not further stimulated in the presence of 2 mM ADP which indicates that the binding of ADP to a single site in the enzyme is sufficient to promote maximal stimulation of the inactivation. Addition of Mg2+ to the 1:1 TF1 X ADP complex results in the binding of about 1 g ion of Mg2+/mol of enzyme. The 1:1:1 TF1 X ADP X Mg2+ complex thus formed is sluggishly inactivated by DCCD. When the Mg2+ is removed from the TF1 X ADP X Mg2+ complex by treatment with trans-1,2-diaminocyclohexane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid, the rate of inactivation of the enzyme by DCCD is accelerated 4-fold. Other divalent metal ions protect the 1:1 TF1 X ADP complex against inactivation by DCCD. Of these, Mn2+, Zn2+, Co2+, and Cd2+, which are about as equally effective as Mg2+ as cofactors for the hydrolytic reaction when present at 0.2 mM, offer about equal protection of the complex against inactivation by DCCD also when present at 0.2 mM. These results indicate that the binding site for ADP in the 1:1 TF1 X ADP complex is a catalytic site. TF1, inactivated by 92% with DCCD, has the same capacity to bind ADP as the active enzyme, forming a tight 1:1 TF1 X ADP complex which is stable to repeated centrifugation-elution on columns of Sephadex G-50. The 1:1 TF1 X ADP complex retains its capacity to bind Mg2+ to form the 1:1:1 TF1 X ADP X Mg2+ complex after it is inactivated by 88% with DCCD. PMID- 6227625 TI - Topology, organization, and function of the psi subunit in the F0 sector of the H+-ATPase of Escherichia coli. AB - The F1F0 H+-ATPase in membranes of Escherichia coli was amplified by heat induction of a lysogenic lambda-unc+ transducing phage. Inverted membrane vesicles were stripped of the F1 sector of the ATPase complex by washing with EDTA. The stripped membranes were treated with dithiobis(succimidylpropionate) to cross-link subunits of the F0 sector of the ATPase complex. After electrophoresis under nonreducing conditions in one dimension, cross-linked subunits were identified by off-diagonal electrophoresis in a second dimension following cleavage of the cross-linked products with beta-mercaptoethanol. A psi-psi dimer was the major cross-linked product identified. In addition, a chi-psi product and chi-psi2 product were identified. These results support the proposed chi-psi2 stoichiometry of subunits in F0. When the F1-stripped membranes were treated with trypsin, the psi subunit was rapidly degraded, whereas psi was protected from degradation when F1 was bound to the membrane. Trypsin-treated, stripped membranes, lacking an intact psi subunit, did not bind the F1 portion of the ATPase with high affinity. However, these trypsin-treated stripped membranes remained as permeable to protons as untreated stripped membranes, and the H+ conductivity was blocked by dicyclohexylcarbodiimide. These results indicate that the portion of the psi subunit exposed on the cytoplasmic face of the inner membrane is involved in the binding of the F1 portion of the ATPase, but is not necessary for H+ conduction mediated by the F0 sector of the complex. PMID- 6227626 TI - Characterization of the chromobindins. Soluble proteins that bind to the chromaffin granule membrane in the presence of Ca2+. AB - A group of proteins that bind to the chromaffin granule membrane in the presence of Ca2+ has been isolated by affinity chromatography of bovine adrenal medullary cytosol on granule membranes coupled to Sepharose 4B. Twenty-two of these proteins were resolved into classes depending upon the Ca2+ concentration at which they were eluted from the affinity column (40 or 0.1 microM), upon their affinities for native granule membranes or for liposomes prepared from extracted granule lipids, and upon the requirement of seven of the proteins for ATP in the cytosol fraction and column buffers to promote binding. The molecular weights and isoelectric points of these proteins were determined by two-dimensional electrophoresis. Two of the granule-binding proteins were identified: synexin and calmodulin. Calmodulin was found to bind to seven specific granule membrane proteins after diffusion of 125I-labeled calmodulin into an acrylamide gel of membrane proteins separated by electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate. A phospholipid-activated protein kinase activity, possibly due to protein kinase C, was present in the granule-binding fraction. Two major granule binding proteins were found to present a pattern in two-dimensional electrophoresis that was very similar to but shifted slightly toward the basic end of the gel from the pattern generated by light chains associated with clathrin in adrenal medullary coated vesicles. In the chromaffin cell, these proteins, by associating with the granule membrane in the presence of an increased cytosolic Ca2+ concentration, might play a variety of roles in the process of exocytosis. PMID- 6227627 TI - Interconversion of structural and contractile actin gels by insertion of myosin during assembly. AB - Extracts of the soluble cytoplasmic proteins of the sea urchin egg form gels of different composition and properties depending on the temperature used to induce actin polymerization. At temperatures that inactivate myosin, a gel composed of actin, fascin, and a 220,000-mol-wt protein is formed. Fascin binds actin into highly organized units with a characteristic banding pattern, and these actin fascin units are the structural core of the sea urchin microvilli formed after fertilization and of the urchin coelomocyte filopods. Under milder conditions a more complex myosin-containing gel is formed, which contracts to a small fraction of its original volume within an hour after formation. What has been called "structural" gel can be assembled by combining actin, fascin, and the 220,000-mol wt protein in 50-100 mM KCl; the aim of the experiments reported here was to determine whether myosin could be included during assembly, thereby interconverting structural and contractile gel. This approach is limited by the aggregation of sea urchin myosin at the low salt concentrations utilized in gel assembly. A method has been devised for the sequential combination of these components under controlled KCl and ATP concentrations that allows the formation of a gel containing dispersed myosin at a final concentration of 60-100 mM KCl. These gels are stable at low (approximately 10 micron) ATP concentrations, but contract to a small volume in the presence of higher (approximately 100 micron) ATP. Contraction can be controlled by forming a stable gel at low ATP and then overlaying it with a solution containing sufficient ATP to induce contraction. This system may provide a useful model for the study of the interrelations between cytoplasmic structure and motility. PMID- 6227628 TI - Serum levels of type I and III procollagen fragments in Paget's disease of bone. AB - Patients with Paget's disease of bone were found to have elevated serum levels of type I procollagen carboxyterminal peptide (pColl-I-C) which correlated with other measurements of disease activity. The elevated levels of pColl-I-C decreased within hours after the injection of salmon calcitonin and within weeks after oral dichloromethylene diphosphonate treatment. The decrease in serum pColl I-C after a single injection of salmon calcitonin was associated with a decrease in urinary hydroxyproline excretion, both of which rose toward pretreatment values within 7 h. The pColl-I-C levels remained normal for months after dichloromethylene diphosphonate therapy was discontinued. Using a RIA for the type III procollagen amino-terminal peptide (pColl-III-N), it was found that serum levels were also elevated in patients with Paget's disease. The levels of pColl-III-N also decreased after the injection of salmon calcitonin, but not to the same extent as those of pColl-I-C. After chronic therapy with dichloromethylene diphosphonate, serum levels of pColl-III-N decreased, but not into the normal range. We postulate that whereas pColl-I-C is derived from synthesis of mineralized bone collagen, pColl-III-N is derived from the loose fibrous stroma replacing marrow in areas closely associated with active Pagetic bone disease. PMID- 6227629 TI - Endocrine changes associated with relapse in advanced breast cancer patients on aminoglutethimide therapy. AB - About one third of unselected postmenopausal women with advanced breast cancer respond to treatment with aminoglutethimide and hydrocortisone, but they all eventually relapse, and further progression of disease occurs. In this study, 36 patients who initially responded to this treatment were evaluated to determine whether clinical relapse was associated with escape from endocrine suppression. Plasma estrone levels rose significantly (mean increase, 6.8 pg/ml) during the final 15% of time on treatment before relapse. Mean plasma estradiol, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, and androstenedione levels also rose with the approach of the relapse, but the increases were not statistically significant. The increase in estrone may contribute to the progression of disease. PMID- 6227630 TI - Candida ciferrii and Candida chiropterorum isolated from clinical specimens. AB - Ten clinical yeast isolates submitted to the Centers for Disease Control from diverse geographic areas were identified as Candida ciferrii and Candida chiropterorum. The association of C. ciferrii with clinical specimens, particularly its repeated isolation from a case of onychomycosis, suggests that this species may be an etiological agent of superficial yeast infections. PMID- 6227631 TI - Generation of tension by glycerol-extracted vertebrate skeletal muscle fibres in the absence of calcium. AB - When a small bundle of glycerol-extracted fibres from either frog, tortoise or rabbit skeletal muscle was first exposed to high MgATP (5 mM) in the absence of Ca2+ (less than 1 nM) and at low ionic strength (less than 0.11) at 20 degrees C, it produced a single sharp transient contraction followed by a lower maintained isometric tension. The maintained tension was investigated further in rabbit psoas fibres. Ca2+-free tension was dependent on the ionic strength in the range 0.04-0.10, on the temperature in the range 6-20 degrees C and the free Mg2+ in the range 0-6 mM. It was promoted by low ionic strength, low Mg2+ and high temperature, and was unaffected by varying the MgATP2- in the range 0.4-4 mM and by adding ATP regenerating components. A separate regime of tension generation was detected at MgATP2- concentrations of less than 0.1 mM, in which MgATP2- concentration was critical. The results are interpreted on the assumption that binding of Mg2+ to some component of the regulatory system is necessary to maintain its inhibitory effect in the absence of Ca2+. Ionic strength and temperature, on the other hand, may affect actomyosin directly. PMID- 6227632 TI - Biosynthesis and release of thyrotropin-releasing hormone immunoreactivity in rat pancreatic islets in organ culture. Effects of age, glucose, and streptozotocin. AB - Thyrotropin-releasing hormone immunoreactivity (TRH-IR) was measured in isolated islets and in medium from rat pancreatic islets maintained in organ culture. TRH IR in methanol extracts of both islets and culture medium was eluted in the same position as synthetic TRH by ion-exchange and gel chromatography and exhibited dilution curves parallel with synthetic TRH in radioimmunoassay. [3H]Histidine was incorporated into a component that reacted with TRH antiserum and had the same retention time as synthetic TRH on reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. A continuous release of TRH-IR into the culture medium was observed from islets of both 5-d-old (newborn) and 30-d-old (adult) rats with a maximum on the second day of culture (28.7 +/- 7.0 and 13.3 +/- 3.6 fmol/islet per d, respectively). The content of TRH-IR was higher in freshly isolated islets from newborn rats (22.4 +/- 2.3 fmol/islet) than in adult rat islets, which, however, increased their content from 1.3 +/- 0.5 to 7.0 +/- 0.5 fmol/islet during the first 3 d of culture. Adult rat islets maintained in medium with 20 mM glucose released significantly more TRH-IR than islets in 3.3 mM glucose medium (13.0 +/- 0.7 vs. 4.3 +/- 0.3 fmol/islet per d). In contrast, the content of TRH IR in the islets was reversed (1.4 +/- 0.3 vs. 4.7 +/- 1.6 fmol/islet). By exposing islets from newborn rats to streptozotocin 0.7 mg/ml for 30 min, a 50% reduction of TRH-IR content in the islets compared with the non-treated islets was seen after subsequent culture for 7 d. The insulin content was reduced by 80%, while glucagon was slightly elevated. In conclusion, these results indicate that TRH is synthesized in rat pancreatic islets, and that the release is stimulated by glucose. PMID- 6227633 TI - Myocardial hydroxyproline and mechanical response to prolonged pressure loading followed by unloading in the cat. AB - To determine the myocardial response to prolonged pressure-loading and unloading, kittens weighing 0.8-1.2 kg underwent pulmonary artery banding, which initially elevated right ventricular (RV) systolic pressure by 10-15 mm Hg. 52 and 76 wk later; RV weight/body weight had increased by approximately 80%. Total RV hydroxyproline had increased significantly, whereas hydroxyproline concentration was unchanged from that of nonbanded animals of comparable age. In isometrically contracting RV papillary muscles, peak active force was significantly less at 76 wk (3.3 +/- 0.8 [SD] g/mm2 than at 52 wk (5.1 +/- 0.8 g/mm2) or in nonbanded animals (4.8 +/- 0.8 g/mm2). Velocity of muscle shortening at comparable loads was unchanged after 52 wk but was significantly less after 76 wk. In nonstimulated, slowly stretched muscles, passive stiffness constants, alpha and beta, derived from delta = alpha(e beta epsilon - 1), where delta is instantaneous stress and epsilon is Lagrangian strain, were unchanged by banding. The band was removed after 52 wk in additional animals that were studied 24 wk later. In those animals with normal RV pressures at death, hypertrophy had regressed and hydroxyproline concentration was comparable to that of nonbanded and banded animals; Active and passive mechanical function remained normal. In this model, changes in hydroxyproline parallel changes in muscle mass, and passive stiffness remains normal during development and regression of hypertrophy. Removal of the pressure load after prolonged hypertrophy prevents or retards the late development of myocardial dysfunction. PMID- 6227634 TI - Role of the terminal complement pathway in experimental membranous nephropathy in the rabbit. AB - Our recent observations of a complement-mediated, cell-independent mechanism of altered glomerular permeability in rat membranous nephropathy suggested a possible role for the terminal complement pathway in the mediation of proteinuria in certain forms of glomerular disease. To directly determine whether the membranolytic terminal complement components (C5b-C9) are involved in glomerular injury, we studied the development of proteinuria in normal and C6-deficient (C6D) rabbits, in both of which a membranous nephropathy-like lesion develops early in the course of immunization with cationized bovine serum albumin (cBSA) (pI 8.9-9.2). C6 hemolytic activity of C6D was 0.01% that of control rabbits. After 1 wk of daily intravenous injections of cBSA, proteinuria developed in 71% of controls (median 154, range 1-3,010 mg/24 h, n = 24), whereas none of C6D were proteinuric (median 6, range 2-12 mg/24 h, n = 12, P less than 0.01). After 1 wk of cBSA, both groups had qualitatively identical glomerular deposits of BSA, rabbit IgG, and C3 on immunofluorescence microscopy, predominantly subepithelial electron-dense deposits on electron microscopy, and minimal glomerular inflammatory cell infiltration of glomeruli. Glomeruli were isolated from individual animals after 1 wk of cBSA and deposits of rabbit IgG antibody were quantitated by a standardized in vitro assay using anti-rabbit IgG-125I. Rabbit IgG deposits were found to be similar in control (29.8 +/- 13.2, range 12.7-48.6 micrograms anti-IgG/2,000 glomeruli, n = 6) and C6D rabbits (32.6 +/- 13.8, range 16.8-48.8 micrograms anti-IgG/2,000 glomeruli, n = 5, P greater than 0.05). After 2 wk, coincident with a prominent influx of mononuclear cells and neutrophils, proteinuria developed in C6D rabbits. These results document, for the first time, a requirement for a terminal complement component in the development of immunologic glomerular injury. Since the only known action of C6 is in the assembly of the membrane attack complex, these observations suggest that the membranolytic properties of complement may contribute to glomerular damage. PMID- 6227635 TI - Heterogeneity of the molecular lesions in inherited phosphofructokinase deficiency. AB - Human phosphofructokinase (PFK; EC 2.7.1.11) exists in tetrameric isozymic forms. Muscle and liver contain the homotetramers M4 and L4, whereas erythrocytes contain five isozymes composed of M (muscle) and L (liver) subunits, i.e., M4, M3L, M2L2, ML3, and L4. Inherited defects of erythrocyte PFK are usually partial and are described in association with heterogeneous clinical syndromes. To define the molecular basis and pathogenesis of this enzymopathy, we investigated four unrelated individuals manifesting myopathy and hemolysis (glycogenosis type VII), isolated hemolysis, or no symptoms at all. The three symptomatic patients showed high-normal hemoglobin levels, despite hemolysis and early-onset hyperuricemia. They showed total lack of muscle-type PFK and suffered from exertional myopathy of varying severity. In the erythrocytes, a metabolic crossover was evident at the PFK step: the levels of hexose monophosphates were elevated and those of 2,3 diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG) were depressed, causing strikingly increased hemoglobin-oxygen affinity. In all cases, the residual erythrocyte PFK consisted exclusively of L4 isozyme, indicating homozygosity for the deficiency of the catalytically active M subunit. However, presence of immunoreactive M subunit was shown in cultured fibroblasts by indirect immunofluorescence with monoclonal anti M antibody. The fourth individual was completely asymptomatic, had normal erythrocyte metabolism, and had no evidence of hemolysis. His residual erythrocyte PFK showed a striking decrease of the L4, ML3, and M2L2 isozymes, secondary to a mutant unstable L subunit. Identical alterations of erythrocyte PFK were found in his asymptomatic son, indicating heterozygosity for the mutant unstable L subunit in this kindred. These studies show that, except for the varying severity of the myopathic symptoms, glycogenosis type VII has highly uniform clinical and biochemical features and results from homozygosity for mutant inactive M subunit(s). The absence of anemia despite hemolysis may be explained by the low 2,3-DPG levels. The hyperuricemia may result from hyperactivity of the hexose monophosphate shunt. In contrast, the clinically silent carrier state results from heterozygosity for mutant M or L subunit. Of the two, the M subunit appears to be more critical for adequate glycolytic flux in the erythrocyte, since its absence is correlated with hemolysis. PMID- 6227637 TI - The toxicity of fluorodeoxyuridine when used to increase the uptake of 125I iododeoxyuridine into tissue culture cells in vitro. AB - The use of fluorodeoxyuridine (FUdR) to increase the uptake of 125I iododeoxyuridine (125IUdR) into tissue culture cells was investigated. FUdR was found to be chemically toxic in itself to 2 canine tissue culture lines at doses used in the literature to increase 125IUdR uptake. FUdR had a cytocidal effect on one cell line, but a cytostatic effect on the other, so that measurement of only cell viability or death in the latter would not have shown a toxic effect. FUdR was shown to mask the radiotoxic effects of 125IUdR and so its use in investigations of the toxicity of 125IUdR may have produced misleading results. PMID- 6227638 TI - Induction of suppressor T cells to dinitrofluorobenzene contact sensitivity by application of sensitizer through Langerhans cell-deficient skin. II. Kinetics of the induction of suppressor T cells. AB - Tolerance to dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB) contact sensitivity (DNFB CS) appeared in C3H/HeN mice within 2 days after application of DNFB on Langerhans cell deficient tail skin. A single painting on tail skin led to complete prevention of DNFB CS for at least 14 days. Spleen cells from tolerant mice could transfer the suppression to syngeneic recipients, while the cells treated in vitro with anti Thy 1.2 lost their suppressive activities completely. From these facts, this tolerance might be due to active suppression caused by suppressor T cells. These suppressor T cells were antigen-specific, because recipients exhibited normal CS to picryl chloride. Furthermore, the suppressor T cells were demonstrated to be afferent blockers in nature and their precursors were sensitive to cyclophosphamide. Therefore, the suppressor T cells induced by DNFB percutaneously administered through epidermal Langerhans cell-deficient region were thought to be generated in the same or in a very similar suppressor pathway as the intravenously administered dinitrobenzene sulfonate (DNBSO3), a soluble reactive dinitrophenyl congener. PMID- 6227636 TI - Functional heterogeneities among concanavalin A-activated OKT4+ and OKT8+ cells by using autologous erythrocyte rosette technique. AB - Normal human peripheral blood T lymphocytes activated by concanavalin A (Con A) were fractionated into OKT4+ and OKT8+ populations by complement-dependent cell lysis using OKT8 and OKT4 antibodies, respectively. By using the preferential ability of some, but not all, Con A-activated T cells to form rosettes with autologous erythrocytes, each population was further divided into autorosetting cells and nonautorosetting cells, and thus Con A-activated OKT4+ autorosetting, OKT4+ nonautorosetting, OKT8+ autorosetting, and OKT8+ nonautorosetting cells were obtained. The immune regulatory function of these populations was then investigated using a pokeweed mitogen-driven B cell plaque-forming cell system. These studies demonstrated that (a) autorosetting cells can exert potent suppressor activity regardless of their phenotypes of OKT4+ and OKT8+ antigens, and fail to help B cell differentiation; suppressor function mediated by these cells is radiosensitive; moreover, receptors for autologous erythrocytes may constitute either the interleukin 2 (IL2) receptors themselves or a component of an IL2 receptor-effector complex involved in modulating the growth signal that IL2 transmits to T cells; (b) OKT4+ nonrosetting cells serve adequately as radioresistant helper cells, but are devoid of suppressor cells; and (c) OKT8+ nonrosetting cells are found to lack either suppressor or helper activity, suggesting that they may belong to a T lymphocyte subset distinct from the subsets related to immune regulation. The results lead us, therefore, to the conclusion that there may exist functional heterogeneities among both the OKT4+ and OKT8+ populations; these heterogeneities can be dissected by virtue of the autologous erythrocyte rosette technique. PMID- 6227639 TI - Retinoid therapy is associated with excess granulation tissue responses. AB - In our clinical trials of isotretinoin therapy for cystic acne and etretinate treatment of psoriasis, eight patients had growth of excessive granulation tissue. The granulation tissue was found in resolving acne lesions in one patient taking isotretinoin. Among the psoriatic patients taking etretinate, the granulation tissue usually was seen adjacent to nail plates. In two patients, the side effect caused them to stop retinoid therapy. The tissue response did not appear to be related to the daily or cumulative retinoid dose. PMID- 6227640 TI - Irritant contact dermatitis to glyceryl monothioglycolate. AB - Glyceryl monothioglycolate has recently been implicated as an allergen. A case of a hairdresser who used this material is presented. He appeared to have an irritant contact dermatitis on his fingertips. Patch testing the patient and extensive patch testing in a group of fifty-four volunteers showed a very high incidence of irritant positive patch tests. No instance of allergy could be demonstrated in the reading of the patch tests or in biopsies of several individuals. Differentiation between allergens and irritants is difficult at times, but is necessary to avoid mislabeling of chemicals. PMID- 6227642 TI - Occupational dermatoses in South Carolina: a descriptive analysis of cost variables. AB - The problem of occupationally related skin disease was examined by reviewing the files of all closed cases (n = 958) of skin disease processed by the South Carolina Industrial Commission for the fiscal year (FY) of July 1, 1978, through June 30, 1979. From this population, a subset (134) was queried to obtain further personal information for an analysis of cost variables. The key findings were: (1) 82% of the sampled population were atopic; assuming a 25% frequency of atopy in the general population, the relative odds of developing occupational skin disease are 13.5 times greater if one is atopic; significant association existed between increased days lost and a history of atopy. (2) Significant associations existed between higher cost items and delayed time to see physicians, history of having a preexisting rash, and younger age. PMID- 6227641 TI - Dermatoses among poultry workers: "chicken poison disease". AB - To investigate the causes of skin eruptions affecting poultry workers, we reviewed our medical records and surveyed a southcentral Pennsylvania poultry processing plant. Examination of the records of routine patch test clinic patients seen from January, 1981, to July, 1982, revealed three poultry workers with allergic contact dermatitis and one with irritant contact dermatitis. We then examined one hundred fifty workers at a poultry processing plant, noting the presence of occupational dermatoses, with special interest in the occurrence of contact dermatitis. We found thirteen dermatoses in nine workers. These included Candida infections, irritant contact dermatitis, allergic contact dermatitis, abrasions and cuts, warts, and dyshidrotic eczema. PMID- 6227643 TI - A double-blind study of the effectiveness of a 3% erythromycin and 5% benzoyl peroxide combination in the treatment of acne vulgaris. AB - One hundred sixty-five subjects completed a 10-week, double-blind controlled study comparing the following: (1) a combination of 3% erythromycin and 5% benzoyl peroxide in a gel, (2) 5% benzoyl peroxide gel, (3) 3% erythromycin gel, and (4) the gel vehicle. The benzoyl peroxide gel and the erythromycin gel were superior to the control gel; however, the combination product was more effective than any of the others. This was true for both pustular and papular lesions, but the most dramatic effect was on combined inflammatory lesions, i.e., papules and pustules. PMID- 6227644 TI - Sebo-suction--an effective adjunctive treatment for comedone acne. PMID- 6227645 TI - Unilateral steroid acne on the paralyzed side of the face. PMID- 6227647 TI - Aseptic techniques for AIDS. PMID- 6227646 TI - The psychological study of chronically ill and disabled children: are healthy siblings appropriate controls? AB - This study examined the appropriateness of siblings as controls in the psychological assessment of children with chronic illness or disability. Findings from 304 cases and 360 randomly selected controls were compared to findings from a subset of 206 case-sibling pairs. Cases were children 6 to 18 years of age with cystic fibrosis, cerebral palsy, myelodysplasia, and multiple handicaps, selected from specialty clinics in two teaching hospitals in the Cleveland area. Results from both data sets were in agreement on major findings indicating that children with cystic fibrosis are not at increased risk for psychopathology, whereas children in the remaining three diagnostic groups show a substantial excess in Mentation Problems and Isolation. The comparisons with matched siblings underestimated pathology in the disabled children in Regressive-Anxiety and aggressive behavior. PMID- 6227648 TI - Epidermolysis bullosa--review and report of case. AB - Hereditary epidermolysis bullosa is reviewed with emphasis on the junctional form (Herlitz-Pearson) (hereditaria letalis). A case report in which concurrent dental restorations and extractions were accomplished is presented. PMID- 6227649 TI - Occupational skin disease. AB - Occupational skin diseases are the most frequent occupational diseases. Certain industries are at a particularly high risk. Important factors to consider include percutaneous absorption and alterations in resistance to microbial agents. The most common condition is contact dermatitis, usually irritant but frequently causing allergy. Other selected conditions include photosensitization, acne and chloracne, fiberglass dermatitis, pigmentary changes, and skin tumor. The approach to the patient and diagnostic criteria for occupational skin disease are described. PMID- 6227651 TI - Chronic low back pain in a long-distance runner. A case report. PMID- 6227650 TI - Lymphocyte subpopulations in the skin of patients with chronic urticaria. AB - In order to characterize the nature of the mononuclear cells in the perivascular infiltrates in the skin of 11 patients with CU, skin biopsy specimens were analyzed in situ by an avidin-biotin immunoperoxidase technique. Serial frozen sections were stained for total T cells, helper-inducer T cells, suppressor cytotoxic T cells, B cells, monocytes/macrophages, and HLA-DR antigen. The infiltrates were found to consist mainly of T cells, whereas B cells and macrophages were rarely seen. Most of the T cells possessed the T4+ helper phenotypes, whereas smaller numbers of infiltrating cells were defined as suppressor-cytotoxic cells. Most of the helper-inducer T cells coexpressed the Ia (HLA-DR) antigen. Several potential pathogenic mechanisms could be implicated in CU based on these observations. PMID- 6227652 TI - The resistant, painful, plantar lesion: a surgical approach. AB - Osteotomies designed to lift the metatarsal head dorsally on the sagittal plane are performed to alleviate painful plantar lesions beneath the metatarsal head. Correcting the position of the bone reduces the plantar pressure and stresses that are believed to cause the painful lesions. The authors found that resistant plantar lesions secondary to a plantarly depressed or long lesser metatarsal responded to a combination of plantar excision and modified cartilaginous articulation preservation osteotomy procedure. PMID- 6227653 TI - Laser surgery in podiatric medicine--present and future. AB - Laser surgery in podiatric medicine is now in its most formative stages. Foot surgery lends itself to the utilization of the laser technique very readily. At the present time the laser is utilized in foot surgery at Sinai Hospital in Detroit for eradication of plantar verrucae, for excision of Morton's neuroma, for common nail pathology such as ingrown borders and traumatic ram's horn nails, and for correction of mycotic nail plates. PMID- 6227654 TI - Phase characteristics of breathing movements in healthy newborns. AB - In the neonatal period, respiratory distortion of the chest wall in active sleep has been reported to reduce the thoracic gas volume. In order to investigate whether the distortion influences the tidal volume, a thorough quantification of the phase differences between the movements of the chest wall and the abdominal wall and the relation of the phase differences to the ventilation was performed on fifteen newborn infants sleeping in prone position. The changes in the circumference of the chest and abdomen were measured with mercury-in-silastic strain gauges; nasal air flow was monitored with a pneumotachograph. During quiet sleep, the movements of the chest wall and the abdominal wall were congruent and regular, and the tidal volume was not dependent on the observed phase differences between them. In active sleep, the breathing movements were incongruent, the tidal volume was negatively correlated with the phase shift between the movements of the chest wall and the abdominal wall, and the mean inspiratory flow was increased. Ventilation (ml/min) did not differ between the sleep states. This study thus suggests that, in healthy newborns in active sleep, the chest wall distortion leads to a reduction of the tidal volume, but ventilation is upheld by compensatory mechanisms, i.e. increased breathing rate and increased amplitude of movements of the diaphragm. PMID- 6227655 TI - Worker injuries: the effects of Workers' Compensation and OSHA inspections. AB - Detailed analysis of work exposure and worker attributes failed to explain changes in injury claims in three plants, each in a separate state, during 1973 1980. When relative exposure to hazard and worker attributes are controlled, changes in injury rates are largely explained by increases in Workers' Compensation greater than inflation and by inspections made by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). Rises in Workers' Compensation greatly increased the claims for injuries, while OSHA citations substantially decreased objectively verifiable injuries in the year following an inspection. Data on days lost due to injury in 167 industrial groupings in 20 states also indicate significant reductions of workdays lost in correlation with OSHA inspections, when increases due to Workers' Compensation are controlled. The results thus appear to be generalizable. Previous studies of OSHA failed to adequately control for Workers' Compensation effects, and thus underestimated the effects of OSHA. PMID- 6227657 TI - High-dose ascorbic acid prophylaxis in workers occupationally exposed to halogenated ethers. AB - A possible prophylactic effect of ascorbic acid (AA) was studied in a group of 77 workers occupationally exposed to carcinogens bis(chloromethyl) ether and chloromethyl methyl ether. The effect of prophylactic treatment was assessed by cytogenetic analysis of chromosome aberrations, and by determination of blastic transformation and mitotic index in peripheral lymphocytes. Blood samples were taken at the beginning and at the end of 5-month AA prophylaxis. Simultaneously synthetic resin workers and subjects without any occupational exposure were used as controls. Administration of AA in daily doses of 1 g, 5 days per week, significantly decreased the frequency of aberrant cells (AB.C.) from 3.73% to 2.13%, and increased % of blastic transformation (BT) from 59.15 to 67.26 and of mitotic index (MI) value from 1.04 to 1.42. The respective data in synthetic resin workers were 3.65 against 3.52% of AB.C., 55.82 against 63.73% of BT and 0.78 against 1.08 of MI, and in nonexposed subjects 1.64 against 1.88% of AB.C., 52.10 against 55.73% of BT and 1.07 against 1.14 of MI. Smoking habits had no clear-cut effect on detected changes. These study results have confirmed that the risk of genetic injury, if assessed by the frequency of chromosome aberrations in peripheral lymphocytes, was considerably reduced after AA prophylaxis in workers occupationally exposed to halogenated ethers. PMID- 6227656 TI - Enterotoxin production, phage typing and serotyping of Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from clinical materials and food. AB - The production of enterotoxins A, B, C and F by strains of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from various clinical sources and from isolates implicated in food poisoning was investigated. One hundred and ninety one of the 374 clinical strains (51.1%) were found to be enterotoxigenic; of these, 81 (27.7%) strains produced enterotoxin A, 57 (15.3%) strains produced enterotoxin B, 23 (6.2%) strains produced enterotoxin C, and 64 (17.1%) strains produced enterotoxin F. These enterotoxigenic strains were most frequently lysed by phages of group III (21.5%) or were not typable (22%). Eighteen of the 29 strains implicated in food poisoning were enterotoxigenic. The correlation of antigens and bacteriophage patterns with enterotoxigenicity was determined: enterotoxin A being related to a4 antigen, enterotoxin B to phages of 94/96 complex with c1, o antigens, and enterotoxin F to phages of group I with 2632, k1k2, m antigens. PMID- 6227658 TI - Radiosensitivity and proliferative activity of vertebral CFU-S surviving in mice injected with oncogenic activities of 239Pu or 241Am. AB - Survival, radiosensitivity and capability to produce differentiated progeny were followed in CFU-S from lumbar vertebrae of mice injected with 198.6 kBq 239Pu/kg or 208.6 kBq 241Am/kg. The CFU-S assay and 59Fe uptake into spleen colonies were used. The number of CFU-S from treated mice was significantly lower than in controls. Higher radiosensitivity of CFU-S from 239Pu- or 241Am-treated mice was demonstrated using additional exposure to 0.5 Gy X-rays 1, 24, 48, 72 hrs after cell transplantation and expressed more precisely by survival curves obtained 1 hr after the marrow cell injection. The effect of 239Pu on CFU-S was characterized by Do 0.58 Gy (n = 0.91) and that of 241Am by Do 0.64 Gy (n = 0.91); corresponding control values were Do 0.89 Gy, n = 1.11. Lower iron utilization due not only to the decreased CFU-S numbers, but also to the defective production of erythroid cells per one CFU-S was found. Complexity of radiation effect on hemopoietic stem cells was demonstrated by the present study. PMID- 6227659 TI - IgA responses in xid mice: oral antigen primes Peyer's patch cells for in vitro immune responses and secretory antibody production. AB - Because the gut-associated lymphoreticular tissue (GALT), e.g., Peyer's patches (PP), of X-linked immunodeficient (xid) mice possesses a subpopulation of mature B cells, we have characterized the ability of xid mice to respond to the thymic dependent antigen sheep erythrocytes (SRBC) given by the oral route. Gastric intubation of SRBC to xid (CBA/N X DBA/2) F1 male or CBA/N mice, followed by the in vitro culture of dissociated PP cells with SRBC, resulted in IgM, IgG1, IgG2, and high IgA anti-SRBC plaque-forming cell (PFC) responses. The addition of unprimed PP but not splenic T cells to splenic xid B cell cultures resulted in IgM anti-SRBC PFC responses, suggesting the importance of GALT T cells for support of the immune responses to SRBC by splenic B cells from xid mice. Furthermore, purified PP T cells from SRBC orally primed xid mice supported in vitro IgA anti-SRBC PFC responses in B cell cultures from either the PP or the spleens of nonprimed xid mice. Higher IgA responses, however, occurred in PP, when compared with splenic B cell cultures. Additional evidence that the GALT of xid mice contains functional IgA precursor cells was provided by the finding that cloned H-2k PP T helper cells (PP Th A) supported IgA responses in PP B cell cultures derived from (CBA/N X C3H/HeN) F1 male (xid) mice. On the other hand, splenic B cells from these xid mice, in the presence of PP Th A cells, did not support in vitro responses. These results suggest that unique subpopulations of T cells occur in the GALT of xid and normal mice; one T cell subpopulation may induce immature B cells to become precursor IgA cells in the PP. A separate GALT T cell subpopulation, e.g., isotype-specific helper T cells, effectively collaborates with mature IgA B cells for the induction of IgA responses to orally administered antigen. When xid mice were gastric intubated with SRBC, followed by i.p. injection of SRBC, good splenic IgA anti-SRBC PFC responses were seen. Salivary and serum IgA antibodies were also detected in these xid mice. Nevertheless, the magnitude of the anti-SRBC response in xid mice was lower than that seen in similarly treated normal mice. These studies indicate that the GALT of both xid and normal mice possess unique populations of T cells that support in vitro responses in xid B cell cultures from either the spleen or the PP, which direct the mature B cell populations present toward IgA isotype-specific responses.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6227661 TI - Desensitization of contact allergy to DNFB in mice. I. Description of a model system. AB - We investigated the down-regulation of contact sensitivity (desensitization) in mice sensitized to DNFB. Mice were sensitized with DNFB, desensitized with antigen 2 wk later, and resensitized 2 wk after desensitization. Large doses of antigen (DNFB or DNBSO3) produced about 50% inhibition of the anamnestic response as measured by ear swelling after challenge with DNFB. Desensitization was antigen specific and long lasting. Lymph node cells from desensitized mice showed diminished antigen-induced proliferation in vitro. Although the anamnestic response can be inhibited by afferent- or efferent-acting suppressor cells, such suppressor cells were not demonstrated in desensitized animals. The most likely explanation is that antigen desensitizes by inactivating effector cells for contact sensitivity, although suppressor mechanisms have not been completely excluded. PMID- 6227660 TI - Functional clonal deletion and suppression as complementary mechanisms operative in adult hapten-induced cytotoxic T cell tolerance. AB - Immunologic tolerance to the hapten TNP was induced in adult mice through the i.v. injection of reactive TNBS. To probe the cellular basis of the tolerant state, splenic cytotoxic T lymphocyte precursors (CTL-P) were stimulated in vitro with haptenated, x-irradiated syngeneic spleen cells in the presence or absence of exogenously added growth factors derived from Concanavalin A-stimulated spleen cell conditioned medium (CAS). The cultures were either conventional bulk cultures or limit dilution cloning cultures. For the latter, cytotoxicity was assessed through a semi-automated, radioautographic 111In-release assay. Suppressive potential was assessed by mixing spleen cells from tolerant mice with normal spleen cells before culture. In the absence of CAS, bulk cultures showed profound tolerance, and suppressive capacity was clearly evident. Suppression was dependent on the presence of TNP-self during culture and affected the generation of CTL from CTL-P and not the effector function of CTL. Cyclophosphamide treatment did not prevent tolerance induction. In the presence of CAS, bulk cultures still showed marked tolerance, but mixing experiments now yielded no evidence of suppression. As documented previously, limit dilution cultures of tolerant spleen cells in the presence of CAS showed a functional clonal deletion of hapten-specific CTL-P. In the absence of CAS, limit dilution cultures became dependent on helper T cells as the limiting element. Tolerant populations showed a diminution of activatable helper T lymphocyte precursors (HTL-P), which may have been due to a functional clonal deletion of HTL-P and/or a concomitant activation of suppressor T cells. Adoptive transfer studies showed that cells from tolerant mice did not detectably influence the number of hapten-specific CTL P in the spleens of host animals. Taken together, the results suggest that both functional clonal deletion of CTL-P and suppression of HTL-P contribute to the tolerant state induced. PMID- 6227662 TI - Evaluation of Ia+ tumor cell lines and peritoneal exudate macrophages as accessory cells: differential requirements for the activation of certain T cell functions. AB - Several Ia+ (BC3A, TA3, D1B) or Ia-inducible (WEHI-3, P388D1) tumor lines were tested for accessory cell function for the activation of antigen-specific T cell proliferation and for the induction of T helper cells that help B cells in antibody production. All lines were able to induce antigen-specific T cell proliferation in an MHC-restricted way, but none activated T helper cells to soluble antigens under all conditions tested. In comparison, starch-induced peritoneal exudate macrophages induced T cell proliferation as well as T cell help. Some of the lines tested induced nonspecific suppressor cells that were Ly 2-positive and partially or completely inhibited antibody responses. The induction of suppressor cells, however, is not the reason for the failure of the tumor lines to activate T helper cells. These data indicate that antigen-specific T cell proliferation and helper activity do not necessarily correlate. PMID- 6227663 TI - Influence of HLA class I- and class II-specific monoclonal antibodies on DR restricted lymphoproliferative responses. I. Unseparated populations of effector cells. AB - L1-16, a DR-specific, nonpolymorphic monoclonal antibody (MoAb) recognizing the beta-chain of the molecule, blocked virus-specific as well as allogeneic proliferative T cell responses, whereas another nonpolymorphic anti-DR MoAb blocked proliferative responses to allogeneic cells only. IL 2-supernatants reversed the blocking induced by L1-16. On the other hand class I-specific MoAb B1-23-2 (HLA-A-B-C-specific) and M 18 (beta 2 microglobulin-specific) and their F(ab')2 fragments blocked equally virus-specific or allogeneic proliferative responses. IL 2-containing supernatants did not reverse this phenomenon. Neither anti-class I nor anti-class II MoAb inhibited the IL 2-induced proliferation of IL 2-dependent established T cell lines. MoAb acted neither at the antigen presenting cell level nor by a toxic effect nor by inducing suppressor cells. These results suggest that a) different epitopes of the DR molecule can be involved during responses to influenza viruses and allogeneic antigens; b) the epitope recognized by L1-16 on the beta-chain of the DR molecule seem necessary for IL 2 production by lymphocytes after activation with influenza antigens; and c) class I-specific MoAb block DR-restricted proliferative responses of lymphocytes by an as yet unknown mechanism. PMID- 6227664 TI - IgE class-specific suppressor T cells and factors in humans. AB - An in vitro experimental system for the induction of IgE production has been established with human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL). The stimulation of human PBL with PWM plus Cowan I induced IgM-, IgG-, and IgE- producing cells when assessed by reverse plaque assay. T cells, which had been isolated from patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and incubated with PPD plus IgE for 5 days, showed a suppressive effect on the polyclonal IgE response induced by PWM plus Cowan I. The direct addition of activated T cells, as well as the culture supernatant from activated T cells, abrogated the IgE response; the IgG response was not affected. The IgE-specific suppressive activity in the supernatant was specifically absorbed by an IgE column and could be eluted with acid buffer. The results demonstrated the presence of a human IgE binding factor(s), which showed its suppressive effect selectively in the IgE antibody response. PMID- 6227665 TI - Characterization of a phenotypically distinct subpopulation of Leu-2+ cells that suppresses T cell proliferative responses. AB - Two new monoclonal antibodies (termed 2D2 and D12) have been used to identify and to analyze phenotypically distinct subpopulations of human T cells. The 2D2 antibody recognized an antigenic determinant closely related, if not identical, to that reactive with the anti-Leu-2 monoclonal antibody. The D12 antibody reacted with a variety of cell types, which included a subpopulation of Leu-2+ (2D2+) T cells. These antibodies were used to isolate four phenotypically distinct T cell populations by sequential cell sorter techniques. Functional analyses demonstrated that the 2D2+D12+ subset was unique in its ability to suppress the antigen-induced proliferation of T cells. These cells also suppressed the proliferative responses of other T cell subsets stimulated with mitogens. Pretreatment of 2D2+D12+ T cells with mitomycin C before culture abrogated the suppressor cell activity of these cells. We propose that the cells within the Leu-2+ cytotoxic/suppressor T cell subpopulation that suppress T cell proliferation are phenotypically distinct and express the 2D2+D12+ membrane antigenic phenotype. PMID- 6227666 TI - Characterization with monoclonal antibodies of T lymphocytes bearing Fc receptors for IgE (T epsilon cells) and IgG (T gamma cells) in atopic patients. AB - Peripheral blood T lymphocytes from nonatopic control donors, asymptomatic atopic donors, and patients with moderate to severe atopic dermatitis were analyzed for Fc receptors for IgE (T epsilon cells) and IgG (T gamma cells) by rosette assays and were characterized with monoclonal antibodies. The T cells were reacted first with monoclonal antibodies, followed by fluoresceinated F(ab')2 goat antimouse Ig; they were then rosetted, and subsequently the rosetting cells were examined for immunofluorescence. Seven nonatopic control donors had less than 0.1% T epsilon cells and a mean +/- SD of 10.5% +/- 4.1 T gamma cells. Seven asymptomatic atopic donors with low IgE levels (2 to 233 IU/ml) varied from less than 0.1 to 1.3% T epsilon cells and 7.2% +/- 3.7 T gamma cells. Six of seven patients with moderate to severe atopic dermatitis and IgE levels of 1339 to 24,261 IU/ml had less than 0.1% T epsilon cells and significantly fewer T gamma cells (3.1% +/- 2.7, p less than 0.01) than the nonatopic control donors and the atopic donors in remission. Both T epsilon and T gamma cells reacted with the pan T cell antibody Lyt-3 (anti-sheep red cell receptor) but not with antibodies OKT3, OKT4, or OKT6. Subpopulations of both T epsilon and T gamma cells reacted with antibodies OKT8 and the antimonocyte antibody OKM1. The OKM1+ cells did not appear to be monocytes, however, because the T cells did not react with another antimonocyte antibody, BRL.2, and were negative for nonspecific esterase activity. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6227667 TI - Participation of auto-anti-idiotypes in immune complex glomerulonephritis in rabbits. AB - We report the presence of auto-anti-Id antibodies in the glomerular immune deposits of a rabbit with chronic serum sickness induced by daily i.v. injections of bovine serum albumin. Auto-anti-Id antibodies were also documented in the serum of the same animal during the phase of chronic serum sickness in which immune complex glomerulonephritis develops. These results suggest that auto-anti Id may normally participate in pathologic reactions and may be one of the mechanisms of potentiation and/or progression of immunopathologic lesions. PMID- 6227668 TI - Abnormal binding of soluble IgG immune complexes to hepatic nonparenchymal cells of autoimmune mice. AB - Because the liver is the major organ responsible for removal of soluble immune complexes (IC), the surface binding characteristics of preformed model IC to unstimulated mouse liver nonparenchymal cells (NPC) in suspension were studied. NPC of non-autoimmune C3H/FeJ, C3H/HeJ, A/J, DBA/2 and the autoimmune NZB/W F1 and MRL/lpr female mice of various ages were isolated by perfusion of the portal vein with collagenase followed by separation of NPC from hepatocytes with a metrizamide gradient. Thirty-five percent of NPC of all mouse strains were nonspecific esterase-positive and phagocytosed latex beads. Radiolabeled mouse IgG anti-DNP covalently cross-linked stable IC were separated by gel filtration and bound to NPC under various conditions. Marked differences were noted in maximal number of IC bound per cell between the autoimmune and non-autoimmune mouse strains: 3.3 to 4.0 X 10(5) in the non-autoimmune strains vs 0.3 to 1.4 X 10(5) molecules of IC bound per cell in the autoimmune strains at 1 to 6 mo. Insignificant differences were noted in Ka by Scatchard plot analysis (3.5 to 5.0 X 10(8) M-1) and rate of reversibility of binding as determined by dissociation of surface-bound IC with an excess of heat-aggregated gamma-globulin (T 1/2:1.5 to 2 min). These data demonstrate a decreased number of available binding sites for IC in unstimulated NPC from NZB/W F1 and MRL/lpr female mice throughout their life spans. Although the findings are consistent with saturation of binding sites of the NPC with native IC, the abnormality found in the 1-mo-old autoimmune mice (who do not have detectable autoantibodies) suggests a primary defect in FC receptor expression or an altered state of activation of NPC that may contribute to the disease process. PMID- 6227669 TI - Suppression of the responsiveness of lymphocytes from cancer patients triggered by co-culture with autologous tumor-derived cells. AB - The question as to whether or not cancer patients have "tumor antigen"-induced suppressor T cells is of considerable interest and importance. As an approach to that question, the effect of addition of autologous irradiated tumor-derived cells (TDC) on the mixed lymphocyte response (MLR) of patients' lymphocytes (Ly) and of healthy donor Ly was tested. The rationale for these experiments was based on the fact that circulating antigen-responsive blood lymphocytes can be reactivated in vitro by exposure to the appropriate antigen. Thus, if there are circulating tumor "antigen"-reactive suppressor Ly, exposure to TDC as a source of the antigen should reactivate those cells. Reactivation of suppressor cells might result in diminished responsiveness to other stimuli such as alloantigens in the mixed leukocyte culture. We found that the addition of TDC to Ly cultures produced four distinct patterns of reaction. In 26 of the 74 different patient tumor assays, the addition of autologous TDC to the patient cultures inhibited MLR, but the addition of the same TDC to cultures of Ly from healthy donors had no effect or increased their responsiveness (Specific Suppression). In 21 cases, the addition of autologous TDC to the patient cultures suppressed the MLR and the addition of the same TDC to control cultures suppressed the response of some but not all the healthy donors (Selective Suppression). In four cases, the addition of TDC to the cultures suppressed the MLR of the patients and all of the control donors (Nonspecific Suppression). In 23 cases, the addition of autologous TDC resulted in no suppression of the patient MLR or of any of the simultaneously tested normal donors (No Suppression). When TDC of patients with noninvasive bladder cancer were added to their own Ly cultures, only four of 11 produced specific or selective suppression compared to 11 of 12 when TDC came from patients with superficially invasive cancer. These data provide indirect evidence to support the hypothesis that human tumors induce circulating suppressor cells that may be reactivated in vitro by co-culture with TDC. PMID- 6227670 TI - Use of ATPase-associated antigen (M2) for detection of antimitochondrial antibodies in primary biliary cirrhosis by fluorometric immunoassay. AB - An indirect binding assay, the fluorometric immunoassay (FIAX), was established for the detection of anti-M2 antibodies which are specific markers for primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC). Submitochondrial particles (SMP) from beef heart and rat liver and the ATPase-associated antigen (M2) were used. The antigens were fixed to a cellulose acetate surface, SMP at a concentration of 2 mg/ml, ATPase at a concentration of 0.2 mg/ml. Sera were used at 1:60 and 1:120 and bound antimitochondrial antibodies (AMA) were demonstrated by fluorescent isothiocyanate labelled monospecific anti-human IgG, IgM and IgA antibodies. The fluorescent signals were proportional to the AMA titre in the serum samples and were measured in a fluorometer (FIAX 100). Of 94 patients with PBC, 92 had AMA against SMP from beef heart compared with 76 in the complement fixation test (CFT) and 84 in the immunofluorescence test (IFL). Ninety reacted with the ATPase associated M2 antigen. Sera from patients known to have AMA of different specificities (anti-M1, anti-M3, anti-M5, anti-M6) reacted with SMP from beef heart and/or rat liver but not with M2. PMID- 6227671 TI - Identification of human Sm and (U1) RNP antigens by immunoblotting. AB - When HeLa nuclear extracts or ribonucleoproteins (RNPs) from rat liver nuclei were used as antigens, a monospecific anti-(U1)RNP serum recognized in each preparation only 1 polypeptide of 68 or 70 kilodalton (kd) respectively. With a serum of combined anti-Sm/(U1)RNP specificity, HeLa nuclear extracts showed 3 additional antigenic polypeptides of 29, 28, and 16 kd, whereas only 2 additional polypeptides of 27 and 16 kd were observed in rat liver RNPs. However, no antigenic reaction at 68/70 kd was detected with a monospecific anti-Sm serum, indicating that the 68/70 kd antigen is specific for anti-(U1)RNP antibodies. When commercially available ENA extract was used as antigen source only weak immunostaining in the range 70-40 kd and at 16 kd was seen. Elution experiments with anti-Sm antibodies bound to their specific polypeptides demonstrated that neither protein degradation nor cross-reaction was responsible for recognition of the 29/28 and 16 kd antigens by this serum, and that in fact 2 different autoantibody systems are involved. PMID- 6227672 TI - Development of a topical hematoporphyrin derivative formulation: characterization of photosensitizing effects in vivo. AB - Photochemotherapy offers a unique approach for the selective therapy of skin diseases. Hematoporphyrin derivative (HPD) in combination with visible light exhibits cytocidal activity in vitro and systemically has demonstrated applicability to the treatment of experimental and human tumors. This study was undertaken to investigate the phototoxic effects in guinea pig skin of systemic HPD in comparison with locally (intradermal) and topically administered HPD. Maximum erythema was obtained by irradiation with red light or UVA 6 h postsystemic HPD (10 mg/kg). Erythema response was dependent upon the dose of irradiation. Systemic HPD produced complete inhibition of epidermal DNA, RNA, and protein synthesis 6-12 h postirradiation with red light, with a lesser degree of inhibition in the deeper hair roots. Local (intradermal) HPD (5-500 micrograms) in combination with red light or UVA produced a dose-dependent erythema and inhibition of epidermal DNA synthesis. Effective in vitro percutaneous penetration of HPD was demonstrated in vehicles containing Azone and N methylpyrrolidone. Topical application of these HPD formulations in vivo in combination with red light or UVA produced significant erythema and inhibition of epidermal DNA synthesis. These results suggest that HPD can cause photosensitization of the skin. It may therefore be reasonable to explore topical applications as an alternative approach for the photochemotherapy of psoriasis and other cutaneous diseases. PMID- 6227673 TI - Immunochemical discrimination of leukocyte elastase from plasmic degradation products of fibrinogen. AB - A rabbit antiserum was elicited to the D-like fragment (De) generated by cleavage of human fibrinogen with isolated leukocyte elastase. After absorption with intact fibrinogen and plasmic degradation products, the antiserum retained its capacity to recognize the De fragment in radioimmunoassays. Plasmic digests of fibrinogen, produced at various enzyme-to-substrate ratios, and purified plasmic degradation products of fibrinogen reacted poorly with the absorbed antiserum. In contrast, elastase digests of fibrinogen and purified elastase degradation products reacted well, although earlier derivatives expressed the recognized epitopes less well than the De fragment. These observations indicated the recognition of an elastase-elicited neoantigen that was not expressed by plasmic degradation products of fibrinogen. When elastase degradation products were added to normal plasma, the elastase-elicited neoantigen could be quantitatively detected in radioimmunoassay. Normal plasma was negative (less than or equal to 5 nM) for the elastase-elicited neoantigen. Of 30 pathological plasmas containing high concentrations of leukocyte elastase, four contained low levels of the elastase-elicited neoantigen (greater than 15 nM). These results suggest that under most circumstances the fibrinolytic activity of leukocyte elastase is well regulated but that under certain pathophysiological conditions, the leukocyte protease may participate in the fibrinolytic process. PMID- 6227674 TI - Serial circulating immune complexes and mononuclear phagocyte system function in infective endocarditis. AB - Twenty patients with infective endocarditis were followed prospectively and all had elevated levels of circulating immune complexes (CICs) detected by staphylococcal binding assay. Mean CIC levels declined for the group as a whole (193 micrograms/ml +/- 24 to 100 +/- 17, p less than 0.05) and became undetectable in eight patients (47%) who were cured. Patients who died or had complicated courses had higher mean CIC levels at the start and finish (254 micrograms/ml +/- 24 and 145 +/- 37) of antibiotic therapy than patients with uncomplicated courses (178 micrograms/ml +/- 19 and 38 +/- 24), p less than 0.05. CIC levels did not decline significantly in patients with glomerulonephritis or arthritis, in contrast to patients without these features. Despite elevated CIC levels, 10 patients had enhanced mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS) function as assessed by Fc-dependent IgG-coated red blood cell clearance. These data suggest that CICs probably are pathogenic in endocarditis and may contribute to the development of arthritis and glomerulonephritis. Elevated CICs in infective endocarditis do not appear to be directly related to defective MPS function. PMID- 6227675 TI - The effect of left atrial histology and dimension on P wave morphology. AB - This study correlates left atrial appendage cell size, atrial fibrosis and echocardiographic (echo) measurement of left atrial size with P wave morphology. Twelve patients with known mitral valve disease had echo measurements of left atrial size with P wave morphology. Twelve patients with known mitral valve disease had echo measurements of left atrial size prior to mitral valve surgery; patients had varying degrees of left atrial enlargement. The left atrial appendage, removed at the time of surgery, was stereologically assessed for percent fibrosis and the diameters of 50 cells were measured and averaged. These factors were correlated with P wave amplitude and duration in lead II, greatest length in any led, PR segment (end of P wave to onset of QRS), P to PR segment ratio (in lead II) and the PR interval. There was a good correlation of left atrial cell diameter with P wave amplitude (r = .69, p = 0.01). There was a good inverse correlation of percent fibrosis with the PR segment (r = -.72, p = 0.01) and a direct correlation of fibrosis with the ratio of P wave length to PR segment (r = .67 p = 0.01). There was a trend for percent fibrosis to correlate with PO wave duration but not height. No correlation was noted for any of the P wave characteristics and left atrial size. This study demonstrates that there is a correlation of P wave height with cell diameter and P wave length and PR segment with fibrosis. These data are helpful in understanding the electrocardiographic P wave. PMID- 6227677 TI - Receptors for C3b and C3bi promote phagocytosis but not the release of toxic oxygen from human phagocytes. AB - We have measured the release of H2O2 from granulocytes, monocytes, and macrophages during spreading on ligand-coated culture surfaces. While IgG-coated surfaces stimulate vigorous release of H2O2, neither C3b- nor C3bi-coated surfaces promoted appreciable release of H2O2 despite full ligation of C3b and C3bi receptors. We also measured release of H2O2 from cultured monocytes spreading on surfaces coated with both fibronectin and C3. Under such circumstances, the C3 receptors elicit a strong phagocytic response, but no H2O2 release was recorded. We conclude that the C3b and C3bi receptors of monocytes and granulocytes do not signal the generation of toxic oxygen intermediates from these cells. PMID- 6227676 TI - Suppressive mechanisms in alloantigen-induced T cell responses. AB - In this report we examined the possibility that suppression of the mixed lymphocyte response by MLR-TsF results from interference with IL-2 regulation of T cell proliferation. Two distinct processes of inhibition involving both a direct effect on IL-2-driven proliferation of responder T cells, and induction of a second-order suppressor cell (Ts2) were described. Exogenous IL-2 did not abrogate MLR-TsF-induced suppression, and activated responder cells from suppressed cultures expressed functional IL-2 receptors by IL-2 adsorption analysis. Thus, suppression is not due to lack of available IL-2 or to abnormal acquisition of receptors for IL-2 during T cell activation. In contrast, a profound MLR-TsF effect on IL-2-induced proliferation of HT2 cells as well as MLR activated cells was observed even after presaturation of receptors with excess IL 2. These results differentiated the direct responder cell effect of MLR-TsF from its Ts2 inductive capacity, and localized the defect in responder cell proliferation to events occurring subsequent to IL-2 binding. When analyzed in terms of proposed models for hormone-receptor interactions, characteristic dose response curves similarly predict a postreceptor defect. Examination of the Ts2 pathway of suppression revealed a late-acting inhibitory effect peaking 72 h after MLR initiation. A minor part of Ts2 activity was susceptible to exogenous IL-2, and may reflect a requirement for IL-2 during Ts2 expansion. However, the most significant component of Ts2-mediated suppression was resistant to excess IL 2, and IL-2 production was normal in Ts2-regulated cultures, thus ruling out limitation of IL-2 for responder cell use as the major mechanism of Ts2 suppression. The complete pathway of Ts2 suppression and its functional relationship to other MLR-TsF inhibitory activities is not yet fully understood. However, these results suggest that the ultimate mechanisms of alloantigen induced suppression involve late events of the IL-2-dependent lymphokine cascade. PMID- 6227678 TI - Dendritic cells induce T lymphocytes to release B cell-stimulating factors by an interleukin 2-dependent mechanism. AB - Dendritic cells (DC) are essential accessory cells for T-dependent antibody responses in culture (1). We have outlined a three-stage mechanism to explain the capacity of DC to stimulate primary antibody responses to heterologous erythrocytes. First, DC induced T cells to produce and to become responsive to interleukin 2 (IL-2). This stage corresponded to the syngeneic mixed leukocyte reaction (2) and involved the clustering of DC and T cells into discrete aggregates. Isolated clusters, representing 5-10% of the culture, were critical for IL-2 release and the production of IL-2-responsive T blasts. In the second stage, IL-2 directly triggered the responsive T cells to release B cell helper factors. This role for IL-2 was documented with a rabbit anti-IL-2 reagent, purified IL-2, and T cells that had been rendered IL-2 responsive by an initial co-culture with DC. T cell growth was not required for IL-2-mediated helper factor release, since irradiated and untreated responders produced similar levels of factor and did so within 3 h of the addition of IL-2. In the final stage, helper factors stimulated the development of antibody-secreting cells from purified B lymphocytes. The helper factors were not H-2 restricted, but for both sheep and horse erythrocytes, the response to factors was antigen dependent and specific. The IL-2 that was present in the DC/T cell-conditioned medium did not act on B cells, since helper activity was neither neutralized nor absorbed by our anti-IL-2 reagent. We conclude that the ability of the DC to induce IL-2 release and responsiveness underlies its capacity to trigger both T and B lymphocyte reactions. PMID- 6227679 TI - T helper cells recognize an idiotope located on peptide 88-114/117 of the light chain variable domain of an isologous myeloma protein (315). AB - Isolated variable region light chain 315 (VL-315), the VL domain of a myeloma protein of BALB/c origin, induces T cells of BALB/c (H-2d) mice that help the adoptive secondary anti-4-hydroxy-3-iodo-5-nitrophenylacetyl (NIP) antibody response to NIP-Fab315. The location of the epitope recognized by helper cells was examined with two fragments of VL-315, obtained by cleavage with cyanogen bromide at Met 87. Both N-terminal fragment 1-86 and C-terminal fragment 88 114/117 elicited BALB/c antibodies that bound to the respective fragments and to VL-315. By contrast, only fragment 88-114/117, which consists of the third hypervariable region, J region, and 5-7 amino acids of the C region, induced helper cells that augmented the anti-NIP response to NIP-Fab 315. PMID- 6227680 TI - Mechanisms of hypnotic and nonhypnotic forgetting. AB - Subjects participated in two experimental sessions designed to study laboratory induced amnesia, one using a standard hypnosis paradigm and one using a non hypnotic directed-forgetting paradigm. Two independent sources of variation were derived from the hypnotic amnesia data: retrieval inhibition and inhibition release. In the nonhypnotic directed-forgetting procedure, some items were cued to be forgotten shortly after presentation and some were cued to be remembered. At test, the subjects were asked to recall both the to-be-remembered and the to be-forgotten items. Over 39% of the variance in the recall of the to-be-forgotten items could be accounted for by the inhibition and release constructs obtained with hypnosis. These relations between the two procedures were not mediated by verbal ability or cognitive style (field independence). We concluded that the mechanisms of forgetting involved in laboratory demonstrations of hypnotic and nonhypnotic amnesia are related, and the implication is that some of them are the same, namely, retrieval inhibition and inhibition release. We also argued that the possible demand characteristics that accompany the hypnosis procedure are not apparent with the nonhypnotic procedure. Therefore, the relationships observed in the present results were taken as evidence that hypnotically induced amnesia is not entirely the result of subjects' reactions to demand characteristics. PMID- 6227681 TI - Intuitive physics: the straight-down belief and its origin. AB - This study examines the nature and origin of a common misconception about moving objects. We first show through the use of pencil-and-paper problems that many people erroneously believe that an object that is carried by another moving object (e.g., a ball carried by a walking person) will, if dropped, fall to the ground in a straight vertical line. (In fact, such an object will fall forward in a parabolic arc.) We then demonstrate that this "straight-down belief" turns up not only on pencil-and-paper problems but also on a problem presented in a concrete, dynamic fashion (Experiment 1) and in a situation in which a subject drops a ball while walking (Experiment 2). We next consider the origin of the straight-down belief and propose that the belief may stem from a perceptual illusion. Specifically, we suggest that objects dropped from a moving carrier may be perceived as falling straight down or even backward, when in fact they move forward as they fall. Experiment 3, in which subjects view computer-generated displays simulating situations in which a carried object is dropped, and Experiment 4, in which subjects view a videotape of a walking person dropping an object, provide data consistent with this "seeing is believing" hypothesis. PMID- 6227682 TI - Strategies for multiattribute binary choice. AB - Based on eye-fixation patterns, strategies for multiattribute binary choice were classified as holistic (within an alternative) or dimensional (within an attribute across alternatives). In a task environment hospitable to both strategies, dimensional processing predominated. Even for alternatives like simple gambles, which require holistic computations, dimensional strategies were used as often as holistic ones. The dimensional strategies were augmented by two procedures that simplify the computations. These simplification procedures reduce cognitive effort at the cost of a relatively small increase in errors. However, for about half the subjects the use of these simplification procedures led to systematic violations of expected utility theory on certain choices. Both the preference for dimensional over holistic strategies and the adoption of simplifying procedures are compatible with the desire to reduce cognitive effort. We propose that strategies are selected to minimize the joint cost of errors and effort. PMID- 6227683 TI - The relationship between contextual facilitation and depth of processing. AB - Two experiments examined how depth of processing on a contextual priming item affects (a) the amount of priming obtained in the processing of a target item in a lexical decision task (LDT) and (b) subsequent episodic memory for the prime and target items. Experiment 1, in which prime and target items were presented sequentially, yielded three main results: (a) The magnitude of the priming effect, measured by the difference between lexical decision times to word targets preceded by related and unrelated primes, increased as the depth of prime processing increased. (b) In an unexpected postsession recognition test, episodic memory for a prime was dependent on the depth to which it had been processed, whereas memory for a target was unaffected by the depth of processing that had occurred on its prime. (c) Episodic memory for both primes and targets was greater when they had appeared in related pairs rather than unrelated pairs in the LDT. However, unlike immediate contextual priming, the magnitude of the semantic relatedness effect in episodic recognition was not affected by level of processing. In Experiment 2 a two-word LDT was used in which a yes response was made only if two simultaneously presented letter strings were both words. Depth of processing was varied by using different types of nonword distractors: pronounceable nonwords, random letter strings, or strings of Xs. As in Experiment 1, priming was greater and episodic recognition was better, the deeper the level of processing that occurred in the LDT. Similarly, episodic recognition memory was greater for items that had appeared in related pairs in the LDT. Although these data suggest that similar processes modulate both contextual priming effects and episodic recognition, the dissociation in some conditions between the occurrence of contextual priming in the LDT and later relatedness effects in episodic recognition indicate that the underlying mechanisms are not identical. PMID- 6227684 TI - Retrieval from semantic memory at different times of day. AB - This study is concerned with retrieval from semantic memory at different times of day. Three groups of eight subjects classified high-, medium-, and low-dominance category members as positive or negative instances of specified test categories in the morning (09.00), afternoon (14.00), or evening (20.00). Classification latencies became faster over the day. Positive test instances were classified faster than negative test instances. There was an interaction such that the difference in the time taken to classify high- relative to low-dominance category members was greater for positive instances and smaller for negative instances in the morning compared with the afternoon and evening. We propose that retrieval efficiency is lower and that a different retrieval strategy is adopted in the morning compared with later in the day. We suggest that the retrieval strategy adopted in the morning serves to minimize cognitive load and effort in a state of relatively low circadian arousal. PMID- 6227685 TI - Visual and phonetic codes and the process of generation in letter matching. AB - Physically identical letter pairs are matched more quickly than are nominally identical or nonidentical pairs, which is an effect usually interpreted as resulting from the use of a visual memory code versus a phonetic or name code. However, prior manipulations of phonetic confusion and visual-field lateralization have provided little evidence consistent with this notion. Here, three reaction time experiments suggest through converging confusion and visual field manipulations that a phonetic code is not used in either simultaneous or successive letter matching. Two additional experiments yield confusion evidence consistent with a rapid visual generation process underlying nominally identical and nonidentical matches, emphasizing the role of visual memory processes in all of the commonly used same-different letter-matching tasks. Implications for coding and hemispheric theories are discussed. PMID- 6227686 TI - Parafoveal visual information and semantic contextual constraints. AB - Two experiments are reported that examine the influence of semantic contextual constraints on an individual's ability to use parafoveal visual information. Subjects were presented either a word (reptile) or a row of Xs in foveal vision along with a parafoveal nonword (snckks) centered 2.3 degrees or 5 degrees to the left or right of fixation. The subjects were asked to pronounce the parafoveal stimulus aloud. During their eye movement to that stimulus, the nonword was replaced by a word that was either (a) semantically related to the foveal item and visually related to the parafoveal preview nonword (snakes), (b) semantically unrelated to the foveal item and visually related to the preview (sneaks), (c) semantically related to the foveal item and visually unrelated to the preview (lizard), or (d) semantically unrelated to the foveal item and visually unrelated to the preview (limits). In Experiment 1, subjects were only given 250 msec to use the semantic context, whereas in Experiment 2, subjects were given 1,250 msec. The results of both experiments yielded highly significant effects of contextual constraints and parafoveal visual information. However, the first experiment yielded additive effects of the two variables, whereas the second experiment yielded interactive effects. The results are discussed in light of recent arguments regarding the importance of contextual constraints for the use of parafoveal visual information. PMID- 6227687 TI - Category-boundary effects and speeded sorting with a harmonic musical-interval continuum: evidence for dual processing. AB - In the first experiment, a continuum of 10 harmonic musical intervals was constructed from a minor to a major third. Four pairs of stimuli with constant physical distances were presented to seven musicians in a two-interval forced choice discrimination task. Either silence, an interfering tone, or a noise burst was interposed between the two stimuli in a pair. Unbiased discriminability was found to be consistently higher for pairs straddling the boundary between two categories than for the endpoint pairs. The interfering tone lowered overall discrimination but left the shape of the function unchanged, whereas the noise burst had no effect. Experiment 2 used a similar paradigm, but the continuum consisted of the single tone that had cued the minor-major distinction for intervals. Discrimination of this series did not show consistent changes as a function of continuum position. In Experiment 3, triads that varied in either interval or overall pitch were presented to musicians for sorting according to one dimension or another. The result was that there were much longer latencies to sort according to interval when pitch varied irrelevantly than vice versa. These results demonstrate that there are changes in discriminability associated with learned categories and suggest that there may be two hierarchically organized stages. A dual-processing model is discussed in which the listener has available both auditory and categorical information. PMID- 6227688 TI - Evaluation and integration of visual and auditory information in speech perception. AB - Three experiments were carried out to investigate the evaluation and integration of visual and auditory information in speech perception. In the first two experiments, subjects identified /ba/ or /da/ speech events consisting of high quality synthetic syllables ranging from /ba/ to /da/ combined with a videotaped /ba/ or /da/ or neutral articulation. Although subjects were specifically instructed to report what they heard, visual articulation made a large contribution to identification. The tests of quantitative models provide evidence for the integration of continuous and independent, as opposed to discrete or nonindependent, sources of information. The reaction times for identification were primarily correlated with the perceived ambiguity of the speech event. In a third experiment, the speech events were identified with an unconstrained set of response alternatives. In addition to /ba/ and /da/ responses, the /bda/ and /tha/ responses were well described by a combination of continuous and independent features. This body of results provides strong evidence for a fuzzy logical model of perceptual recognition. PMID- 6227689 TI - Visual discrimination, categorical identification, and categorical rating in brief displays of curved lines: implications for discrete encoding processes. AB - Visual discrimination, categorical identification, and categorical rating measurements were made on sets of curved-line stimuli drawn from a theoretically uniform continuum with curvature parameter s. In Experiment 1, discriminability of pairs of curved lines separated by a constant distance on the s scale was measured at successive points along the scale. Curved lines were presented four at a time in a 100-msec display, which was followed by a random-dot mask. Discrimination performance was found to vary nonsmoothly with s. In Experiment 2, a categorical identification task was performed in which subjects labeled the curved-line stimuli of Experiment 1 straight, just curved, and more than just curved. From these data, a theoretical discrimination performance was computed that was closely congruent to the discrimination performance of Experiment 1. In Experiment 3, three different categorical rating scales with two, three, and four intervals were tested and each was shown to be less effective than the categorical identification scale for predicting discrimination performance. Mean ratings were, however, highly linear with s, suggesting that the curved-line continuum was psychometrically uniform. Experiment 4 provided further evidence for the uniformity of the curved-line continuum by measuring conventional acuity for curvature. Two rather than four curved lines were presented in each display; duration was increased to 2 sec; and the poststimulus mask was omitted. Acuity was found to vary linearly with s. It was concluded that under conditions in which attention is distributed over a number of elements in the field and in which viewing and effective visual processing time are restricted, performance in discriminating curved-line stimuli may be determined by relatively coarse, discrete visual processes. PMID- 6227690 TI - Binocular rivalry and semantic processing: out of sight, out of mind. AB - Previous studies of binocular rivalry have shown that some aspects of a phenomenally suppressed stimulus remain available for visual analysis. The question remains, however, whether this analysis extends to the case of semantic information. This experiment examines that question using a semantic-priming paradigm in which prime words were briefly flashed to an eye during either dominance or suppression phases of binocular rivalry. Reaction times on a lexical decision task were significantly shortened (the semantic-priming effect) only when prime words were presented to an eye during dominance; suppression acted to impair word recognition and to eliminate semantic priming. These results are inconsistent with certain cognitive models of binocular rivalry. PMID- 6227691 TI - Dyslexic and normal readers' eye movements. AB - Dyslexic and normal readers' eye movements were compared while tracking a moving fixation point and in reading. Contrary to previous reports, the dyslexic and normal readers did not differ in their number of saccades, percentage of regressions, or stability of fixations in the tracking task. Thus, defective oculomotor control was not associated with or a causal factor in dyslexia, and the dyslexics' abnormal eye movements in reading must be related to differences in higher cognitive processes. However, individual differences in oculmotor efficiency, independent of reading ability, were found within both the dyslexic and normal groups, and these differences were correlated in reading and tracking tasks. PMID- 6227692 TI - Some problems of interarticulator phasing as an index of temporal regularity in speech. AB - Tuller, Kelso, and Harris (1982) offered evidence that the relative timing of articulators in speech remains constant over changes in stress and speech rate. Their evidence is discussed in the light of the methods used, and alternative approaches are suggested. Further, the statements are compared with those of an earlier study within the same theoretical frame, and the implications for a model of speech production are briefly discussed. PMID- 6227694 TI - Nonhierarchical control of rapid movement sequences: a comment on Rosenbaum, Kenny, and Derr. AB - In a recent article, Rosenbaum, Kenny, and Derr (1983) described a hierarchical storage and execution model for a class of repetitive, discrete response sequences. With a few modifications, this model can match the performance of subjects performing sequences from this class. The authors claimed that this provides an "existence proof" for hierarchical control during movement execution, at least for these sequences. My purpose is to show by counterexample that this claim is too strong. I present a logogen activation model for the rapid execution of stored motor sequences which assumes that (a) logogens corresponding to responses are activated via association and repetition; (b) activation decays; and (c) interresponse time is inversely related to activation of the correct response at each position in the sequence. This model can also fit the results of Rosenbaum et al. A much richer data base, designed to discriminate between competing formulations, will be needed to prove the existence of the hierarchical, tree-traversal control process proposed by Rosenbaum et al. PMID- 6227693 TI - Converging evidence for the role of relative timing in speech. AB - In an earlier article (Tuller, Kelso, & Harris, 1982a) we suggested that the timing of consonant-related muscle activity was constrained relative to the period between onsets of muscle activity for successive vowels. Here, we reexamine those data based on reservations posed by Barry (1983). Next, we present a kinematic study of articulation that extends and strongly supports our original observations. Finally, we very briefly survey some converging lines of evidence for a functionally significant vowel-to-vowel period in speech and how this may relate to the role of temporal invariance in motor skills in general. PMID- 6227695 TI - Hierarchical versus nonhierarchical models of movement sequence control: a reply to Klein. AB - Klein (1983) has proposed a nonhierarchical logogen model to account for response timing and error data from a rapid finger-tapping task reported by Rosenbaum, Kenny, and Derr (1983). On grounds of parsimony, Klein's model cannot be easily distinguished from the hierarchical model proposed by Rosenbaum et al. However, the two models can be distinguished on other grounds. First, the logogen model cannot account for results from a second experiment reported in the Rosenbaum et al. article that the hierarchical model can account for. Second, the logogen model gives rise to a preponderence of incorrect response orders, whereas the hierarchical model does not. Third, the logogen model, unlike the hierarchical model, cannot account for the fact that people can produce complex, extended sequences of responses from memory. PMID- 6227696 TI - Psychological reality of cross-media artistic styles. AB - The sensitivity of artistically naive people to cross-media styles (baroque, neoclassic, and romantic) and to period styles (works composed by artists born during the same epoch) in four media (painting, poetry, music, and architecture) was assessed. In two studies, adult subjects tended spontaneously to sort stimuli according to both cross-media styles and period styles. In a third study, nursery school children were shown to be able to sort pictures of paintings and architectural facades on the basis of cross-media styles. Other experiments using rating scales again demonstrated that artistically naive adults are sensitive to both cross-media styles and period styles even when they are not implicitly urged to disregard medium. These and other studies using rating scales suggested that the bases for discrimination of both cross-media styles and period styles are the dimensions of realistic versus unrealistic and of overall arousal potential. PMID- 6227697 TI - Invariances in the acoustic expression of emotion during speech. AB - An experiment was designed to test whether different individuals produce similar voice patterns when they read the same emotional passage. Quantitative scoring criteria were developed that reflect the extent to which different individuals consistently produce similar constellations of acoustic attributes in response to the same emotional context. The scoring procedure was applied to the voice tracks of standard utterances produced by 11 subjects reading 10 different emotionally evocative scripts. The results supported the hypothesis that different individuals produce standard acoustic configurations to express emotions. Because acoustic properties reflecting contrastive stress consistently varied with emotional context over syntactically and semantically identical utterances, some factor related to emotional context other than syntax or semantics must account for the variations. An evolutionary argument that emotion communication can be seen as intention communication is presented to account for these variations. Implications for theories of emotions and of intentional generative semantics are discussed. PMID- 6227698 TI - Auditory spatial alternation transforms auditory time. AB - Recent research has shown that a sequence of auditory events that is alternated between the ears is stretched out in auditory memory, as compared with nonalternating sequences. Although the stimulus-onset asynchronies (SOAs) of the interaural and monaural sequences were the same, the perceptual-onset asynchronies (POAs) differed by 24 msec. Because this result was only established for a restricted range of SOAs (125-250 msec), the present study tested a much larger range (40-2,130 msec). It turned out that the POA difference of 25 msec remained invariant over this whole range. Furthermore it was investigated how the angle of alternation affected the POA difference. It was found that (a) this difference increased linearly with increasing angular separation, and (b) the effects of SOA and angular separation on the POA difference were additive. The merits of six different attention-switching models were inspected to explain these results, but none of the models could describe the effects satisfactorily. We offer a new model, the space-time network, that copes not only with the present results but also explains several other studies reported in the literature. PMID- 6227699 TI - Target recovery in visual backward masking: no clear explanation in sight. AB - Theories of visual backward masking have generally ignored demonstrations of the perceptual recovery of a masked target when the masking stimulus (M1) is followed by a second masking stimulus (M2). This failure to address recovery may reflect a belief that recovery effects are relatively small and inconsistent. The present article reports a series of experiments, using single-letter targets, a patterned M1 and a light-flash M2, which indicate that recovery can be a robust and substantial phenomenon. It is observable under a variety of conditions, and the magnitude of recovery matches the masking effect itself. A two-choice discrimination task was employed to test an explanation for recovery that attributes the effect to inhibition from the transient response to the light flash on the sustained response to the patterned mask. That explanation calls for the shape of the function relating the discriminability of the patterned mask to the onset asynchrony of M1 and M2 to be U-shaped in form. The data, however, reveal a monotonic masking function, suggesting that only sustained, intrachannel interactions are involved in the recovery of the target percept. Two conflicting explanations for recovery are discussed, one based upon inhibition of M1 responses, the other upon enhancement of target features. Thus, while recovery is demonstrated to be very real, its explanation remains elusive. PMID- 6227700 TI - Latency of sequential eye movements: implications for reading. AB - The best available estimates indicate that the average minimum latency of saccadic eye movements (175-200 msec) approaches the mean duration of fixations in reading (200-250 msec). This fact presents a problem for models of reading which assume that an eye movement is initiated only after substantial information is processed on a fixation. Three experiments are reported that support earlier estimates of saccadic latency; the experiments were conducted under conditions in which the length of measured latencies could not reflect a motoric refractory period, spatial uncertainty, or temporal uncertainty. PMID- 6227701 TI - Initial stages of visual information processing in dyslexia. AB - Four experimental tasks were employed to explore the initial stages of visual information processing in a group of dyslexic boys and in a group of normal control subjects ranging in age from 8 to 14 years. Two tasks involved visual backward masking; the other two were temporal integration tasks. The backward masking tasks yielded evidence of slower rates of visual information processing in dyslexic children; the temporal-integration tasks yielded evidence of longer duration of visible persistence in dyslexic children. This effect was most evident in situations in which sequential stimuli impinged on the same retinal location. Some age trends in the development of these effects are noted. It is suggested that the dyslexic visual system may take an unusually long period of time to recover from the aftereffects of neural activity evoked by an inducing stimulus. PMID- 6227702 TI - Lightness constancy through a veiling luminance. AB - Observers were asked to select samples from a Munsell chart to match the lightness of seven identified surfaces in an outdoor scene they were shown. A separate group that was given the same task but viewed the same scene covered with a veiling luminance equal in intensity to the highest luminance in the scene selected almost the same matches. The same lightness constancy results were obtained using an abstract laboratory display to rule out memory color. These results challenge ratio and contrast theories because a veiling luminance, by adding a constant luminance to every poing in the image, dramatically alters luminance ratios. Lightness constancy was not obtained, however, when these three dimensional real-world-type displays were replaced by a flat, Mondrian-type display consisting of surface grays from white to black, whether or not colored regions were present in the display; lightness matches were consistent with ratio predictions both with and without the veil. PMID- 6227703 TI - Perception of growth from changes in body proportions. AB - Three experiments examine the perception of age level from computer-generated line drawings of a human body, a Martian, a robot, and a flower that were mathematically transformed using a model of human growth developed by P.B. Medawar. The results suggest that observers' age level judgments are related by a power function to the size of the head relative to the rest of the body but that the exponents of these functions vary systematically across the different body forms. These results are discussed in relation to other research on biological event perception. PMID- 6227704 TI - Does global precedence really depend on visual angle? AB - Global advantage has been found in some studies to hold only in stimuli subtending no more than 7 degrees - 10 degrees of visual angle. We argue that those studies confounded globality and eccentricity. To avoid this confound we used stimuli with all their elements located along their perimeter (e.g., Cs and circles). These were presented in two visual angle conditions, small (2 degrees) and large (17.25 degrees). In Experiment 1 subjects had to indicate either the direction of an opening of a C made up of circles or of Cs that were the elements of a circle. Contrary to previous findings, global advantage was found for both large and small visual angle conditions. Results from a control condition seem to indicate that the major determinant of that global advantage was relative size. In Experiment 2 subjects responded to the global or local levels of right- or left-facing Cs made up of right- or left-facing Cs. For the small visual angle condition, the global level interfered with processing of the local level, but not vice versa. For the large visual angle, however, interference effects were smaller and symmetrical, even though a sizeable difference in mean reaction time was observed between the responses to the local and global levels. It is suggested that the time it takes to respond to a level when relevant and the level's effectiveness as a distractor when irrelevant are determined at two different stages of processing. PMID- 6227705 TI - General mental resources and perceptual judgments. AB - We argue that the requirement of task-general mental resources marks more "cognitive" kinds of perception. In Experiment 1, subjects are slower to discover the alternative organization of ambiguous stimuli if they are simultaneously doing mental arithmetic; in Experiment 2, latency to first reversal is increased by a concurrent memory load of seven digits. In Experiment 3, counting tasks also slow subjects solving the Street figures and judging whether drawings depict possible three-dimensional objects. There is no effect of distractor tasks on the perception of random-dot stereograms. Further, the data argue that the pattern of disruption cannot be attributed either to the unfamiliarity of the judgments or to their latency. We suggest that the distractor tasks are competing with the perceptual judgments for working memory and that perceptual judgments demand memory whenever a perceptual "solution" cannot be locally confirmed. PMID- 6227706 TI - Analysis of ambiguity in visual pattern completion. AB - It is possible to construct an ambiguous line drawing representing several objects partly hidden behind another object. This article deals with two problems: (a) What are the necessary and sufficient conditions for ambiguity to occur? (b) How can the response frequencies of the completions of ambiguous drawings be explained? Whether completions occur or not, the predictions based on the coding theory, better termed the structural information theory, have been discussed in a previous article (Buffart, Leeuwenberg, & Restle, 1981). It is shown here that the theory also specifies the conditions for ambiguity to occur. The theory describes all possible interpretations of a drawing and selects those interpretations or completions to which subjects will respond. A direct relation between the response frequencies and the possible theoretical descriptions of each response is shown to exist. Two one-parameter models describing the behavior of subjects each fit the response frequencies measured in two experiments with 25 drawings. It is argued that the type of ambiguity that is studied in both experiments generally appears during the perceptual process. The character of the theoretical descriptions indicates that guidance of perceptual behavior by interpretations might occur. PMID- 6227707 TI - Extraintestinal calcium uptake in the killifish, Fundulus heteroclitus. AB - Extraintestinal calcium influxes were measured in the killifish, Fundulus heteroclitus, in solutions with different calcium concentrations, from distilled water level (near 0) to seawater level (approximately 12 mM). The extraintestinal influx is modified by the concentration of calcium in the medium during the adaptive period. In freshwater-adapted fish, calcium depletion resulted in an increase in calcium uptake. Such an adaptation was not observed in calcium depleted fish in artificial calcium-deficient seawater. Calcium depletion in either medium seems to increase the calcium permeability. No correlation was found between Ca-ATPase activity in the gill tissue and calcium uptake. PMID- 6227708 TI - Involvement of fast and slow twitch muscle fibres in avian muscular dystrophy. AB - The extent of differential fibre type involvement in chicken muscular dystrophy can be assessed quantitatively by the statistical parameters of fibre area, nuclei content and nuclei distribution in the individual fibre types. Two muscles, the posterior latissimus dorsi (PLD) and the serratus metapatagialis (SMP), were found to have similar overall fibre type composition, although the latter contains two subtypes of type I fibres, one of which has not previously been recognised in avian muscle. In both muscles, type IIB fibres are most affected by the progressive pathology. Nuclear proliferation is one of the histopathological features which can be measured, and in the PLD, the mean number of total nuclei in type IIB fibre cross-sections (Nt) is increased from 2.23 in normal chickens to 3.70 in dystrophic chickens, by 60 days. The corresponding values for Nt in type IIB muscle fibres of the SMP at 50 days are 1.74 and 5.10. Likewise, statistical analyses of the distribution of the fibre areas and their variability demonstrate that the incidence of abnormality in chicken dystrophy is greatest in type IIB fibres in both these muscles. Although type I fibres in the PLD are resistant to dystrophic change, it is noteworthy that in the SMP the type I fibres, also, are severely affected from an early stage, by these quantitative criteria. On the other hand, all fibres in a tonic muscle, the metapatagialis latissimus dorsi, are unaffected, as is true of all other tonic muscles previously studied. It is concluded that any twitch fibre type can, in principle, be affected by the actions of the gene concerned, and that this expression can be greatly modified in individual muscles by various physiological features, for example their natural pattern of use or relative disuse. PMID- 6227709 TI - Conversion of normal host splenocytes to suppressor cells by tumor-induced suppressor T-cell-derived factor(s): cyclophosphamide treatment reverses inhibitory activity. AB - Suppressor T (Ts) cells (or their factors) that arise in BALB/c mice as a consequence of fibrosarcoma cell growth can be adoptively transferred and can recruit new regulatory cells in vitro. In vivo temporal studies indicated that Ts cells significantly inhibited blastogenesis in normal host splenocytes as early as 4 h after adoptive transfer and lasted as long as 5 days. Suppressor T-cell derived factor(s) did not suppress until 24 h after in vivo administration, and effects were protracted beyond time periods observed with Ts cells. Supernatants containing suppressor factor(s) not only significantly inhibited normal host spleen cell proliferation but also induced and/or recruited cells to become suppressive. Cyclophosphamide treatment of tumor-bearing hosts restored their in vitro spleen cell blastogenic ability and abolished in vitro suppression by Ts cells or their factors. This was confirmed in vivo by passive transfer experiments. Macrophage removal seemed to augment cyclophosphamide's ability to eliminate suppression. PMID- 6227710 TI - Gravity lumbar reduction. PMID- 6227711 TI - Comparison of tc-99m MDP, HMDP, and DPD with respect to bone-to-soft tissue ratios. PMID- 6227712 TI - Tc-99m MDP and Ga-67 citrate accumulation in cutaneous metastases from colon carcinoma. PMID- 6227713 TI - Delayed recovery in the patient with a work compensable injury. AB - Under certain circumstances patients who are receiving compensation for an injury will have a disproportionate disability and delayed recovery because of reinforcers provided by the accident. Successful treatment depends on early recognition that the primary problem is emotional rather than due to concurrent physical problems. A few general rules can be helpful in the diagnosis and treatment of this type of patient. A thorough psychosocial history should be taken, and return to work as soon as possible is essential. With awareness of this process, the physician can work with the company, the therapist, and other consulting physicians to minimize the patient's disability and to maximize recovery. PMID- 6227714 TI - Acne. PMID- 6227715 TI - Determination of inspired oxygen delivered by nasal cannula in infants with chronic lung disease. PMID- 6227716 TI - Iron, zinc, and other trace elements' effect on the immune response. PMID- 6227717 TI - Immune regulation in the gastrointestinal tract. PMID- 6227718 TI - Cell migration in the periodontal ligament of mice. PMID- 6227719 TI - Cell turnover in the periodontium in health and periodontal disease. PMID- 6227720 TI - The routine isolation, growth, and maintenance of the intermediate-size anaerobic oral spirochetes from periodontal pockets. PMID- 6227721 TI - ELISA and conventional techniques for identification of black-pigmented Bacteroides isolated from periodontal pockets. PMID- 6227722 TI - Experimental gingivitis in humans. A histochemical and immunological characterization of the lymphoid cell subpopulations. PMID- 6227723 TI - Assessment of plaque tenacity on enamel surface. PMID- 6227725 TI - Vascular changes during the development of the rat gingiva. PMID- 6227724 TI - Immune response and periodontal bone loss in germfree rats immunized and infected with Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans. PMID- 6227726 TI - Furcation development of human mandibular first molar teeth. A histologic graphic reconstructional study. PMID- 6227727 TI - Pulpal reactions to the application of citric acid to root-planed dentin in beagles. PMID- 6227728 TI - The effect of Octapinol on dento-gingival plaque and development of gingivitis. I. In vitro experiments and short term studies in beagle dogs. PMID- 6227729 TI - The effect of Octapinol on dento-gingival plaque and development of gingivitis. II. Long-term studies in beagle dogs. PMID- 6227730 TI - The effect of Octapinol on dento-gingival plaque and development of gingivitis. III. Short-term studies in humans. PMID- 6227731 TI - The long-term effect of chlorhexidine on plaque, gingivitis, sulcus depth, gingival recession, and loss of attachment in beagle dogs. PMID- 6227732 TI - Ultrastructure of normal and newly formed dento-epithelial junction in rats. PMID- 6227733 TI - The water binding capacity of the periodontal ligament and its role in mechanical function. PMID- 6227734 TI - The ultrastructural response to loading of the oral mucosa of the vervet monkey. PMID- 6227735 TI - Orientation of gingival fibroblasts and newly-synthesized collagen fibers in vitro. Resemblance to transseptal and dento-gingival fibers. PMID- 6227736 TI - A longitudinal study of crevicular fluid in periodontal disease in beagles. Clinical, histopathological and biochemical observations. PMID- 6227737 TI - Spontaneous lymphocyte proliferation and the periodontal status of young adults. PMID- 6227738 TI - Biological and chemical comparison of butanol- and phenol-water extracted lipopolysaccharide from Capnocytophaga sputigena. PMID- 6227739 TI - Developmental change in clearance of glucuronide of p-phenylbenzoic acid from in vitro kinetic parameters and its correlation with clearance from in vivo in fetus of rat. AB - The developmental change of the intrinsic clearance (Clint) and the hepatic clearance (ClH) for the glucuronidated p-phenylbenzoic acid (PPBA) by uridine 5' phosphoglucronic acid-glucuronyltransferase (UDPGT) in liver of rat fetus was investigated. The UDPGT activity was stimulated by 225% by Brij 58 which is a detergent. The Clint increased with the day of gestation, remarkably between the 19th and 21st day of gestation, showing nearly the same developmental profile as the Vmax. The Clint in a whole liver on the 21st day of gestation was 246-fold and 7.0-fold higher than those on the 15th and 19th day of gestation, respectively. The ClH showed the similar developmental profile to the Clint. The ClH on the 21st day of gestation was 48.7 times and 6.7 times those on the 17th and 19 the day of gestation, respectively. The ClH on the 20th and 21st day of gestation was about 30% of the corresponding values of the fetal tissue clearance (Clf) from the in vivo data using isolated fetuses. The similarity between the ClH/Clf ratio and the PPBA glucuronide/biliary excretion ratio indicated that the ClH from the in vitro data corresponded with that in the in vivo condition. PMID- 6227740 TI - Myosin isoenzymes in fast-twitch and slow-twitch muscles of normal and dystrophic mice. AB - An analysis of the native myosin isoenzyme composition, myosin light-chain distribution and histochemical profile of fast-twitch and slow-twitch muscles of normal and dystrophic (129 REJ dy/dy) mice has been performed, and the results correlated with the known contractile abnormalities of murine dystrophic muscles. Normal mouse slow-twitch soleus contained two isomyosins (slow myosin, SM and intermediate myosin, IM) which were electrophoretically distinct from the three major isomyosins (FM1, FM2, FM3) of fast-twitch extensor digitorum longus (e.d.l.) muscle. The calcium-activated ATPase activities of FM1, FM2, FM3 and IM at pH 9.2 were each much higher than that of SM, and this difference is reflected in the histochemical profile of muscle, as demonstrated with the myofibrillar ATPase reaction at alkaline pH. E.d.l. Type II fibres retained myofibrillar ATPase activity following pre-incubation of histochemical sections at pH 4.6, and were therefore classified Type IIB, whereas soleus Type II fibres did not, and were classified Type IIA. It was concluded that Type I (slow) fibres contain SM, Type IIA (intermediate) fibres contain IM, and Type IIB (fast) fibres contain FM1 FM3. Each electrophoretically distinct myosin contained a different combination of the five skeletal myosin light chains (LCs). Thus different normal muscles, which differed in their isomyosin profiles, differed also in their light-chain composition. Analysis of the distribution of native myosins (FM1, FM2, FM3, IM, SM, in order of decreasing gel migration rate) in dystrophic muscles revealed increased proportions of the slower-migrating forms, when compared with the distribution in the corresponding normal muscles. The shift in isomyosin distribution would explain the known decrease in the proportion of myosin light chain (LCf3) in murine dystrophic muscle. The abnormal isomyosin distribution in the dystrophic muscle is correlated with its altered histochemical characteristics, and with well-established abnormalities in its isometric and isotonic properties. It is concluded that the altered isomyosin distribution in murine dystrophic muscle would result in decreased power output per unit muscle mass when compared with normal muscle. The possibility is considered that defective myelination of the innervating nerve may contribute to these abnormalities by preventing higher frequency impulses from reaching muscle. PMID- 6227741 TI - On the multiplicity of neuronal pathways from muscle spindles and tendon organs and their selection in the cat. AB - A short review is presented of the results of recent studies of spinal reflex pathways from muscle spindles and tendon organs. The observations on the existence of parallel neuronal pathways from these receptors to motoneurones and the mechanisms of selection of these pathways are briefly summarized. PMID- 6227742 TI - Carers of the elderly in the community. AB - A random sample of 657 over 70-year-olds from a large urban general practice in South Wales were interviewed to assess their physical, mental and social well being. Questions were asked about the carers of these elderly people: which subjects had carers, the relationship of the carers to the subjects and the tasks that the carers performed.Spouses and daughters were by far the commonest carers and indeed the family bore the major part of the burden of caring for the elderly. Apart from home helps, statutory and voluntary services played minor roles in supporting the elderly in the community. PMID- 6227743 TI - Clinical manifestations and diagnosis of pelvic inflammatory disease. PMID- 6227745 TI - Low dose glucocorticoid therapy in rheumatoid arthritis (RA): transitional or selected add-on therapy? PMID- 6227744 TI - Surgical correction of sequelae of pelvic inflammatory disease. AB - Early diagnosis of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) and treatment with appropriate doses and types of antibiotics that take into account the polymicrobial etiology of this condition are essential to prevent future infertility. That PID frequently is subacute or relatively asymptomatic argues in favor of a more liberal use of laparoscopy in the diagnosis of this condition. The sequelae of PID that cause infertility can be assessed with the judicious use of hysterosalpingography and laparoscopy. These procedures are complementary. Hysteroscopy is of more limited value. Operative laparoscopy has proven to be useful in restoring fertility in appropriately selected cases. In many instances laparotomy can be replaced successfully with laparoscopic procedures, which offer many advantages. The introduction of microsurgery has significantly improved the success rate associated with reconstructive infertility operations. The successes associated with a new therapeutic modality, in vitro fertilization (IVF) and embryo transfer (ET), although modest, have been improving in the past three years. Reconstructive microsurgery and IVF/ET are complementary treatments for infertility. A thorough investigation of the infertile couple, with meticulous attention given to the various fertility parameters, individualization and a rational approach to treatment with these two modalities will undoubtedly improve the overall results. PMID- 6227746 TI - Towards 2001! Implications for social services. PMID- 6227747 TI - Folate antagonists. 20. Synthesis and antitumor and antimalarial properties of trimetrexate and related 6-[(phenylamino)methyl]-2,4-quinazolinediamines. AB - A series of 6-[(arylamino)methyl]-2,4-quinazolinediamines have been prepared by catalytic hydrogenation of the requisite 2,4-diamino-6-quinazolinecarbonitriles in the presence of the appropriate benzenamine. Formylation, acetylation, and nitrosation provided N omega derivatives of these compounds. A variety of the compounds exhibited potent antimalarial, antibacterial, and antitumor activity. In particular, 5-methyl-6-[[(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-amino]methyl]-2, 4 quinazolinediamine (trimetrexate, 15) has shown a broad spectrum of antitumor effects and is undergoing preclinical toxicology evaluation prior to trial in man. PMID- 6227748 TI - Resolution of etodolac and antiinflammatory and prostaglandin synthetase inhibiting properties of the enantiomers. AB - Etodolac, 1,8-diethyl-1,3,4,9-tetrahydropyrano[3,4-b]indole-1-acetic acid, a clinically effective analgesic and antiinflammatory agent, has been resolved via a chromatographic separation of its diastereoisomeric esters with (-)-borneol. The effects of the enantiomers were studied in vitro on prostaglandin synthetase and on adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats. The biochemical and pharmacological results show that virtually all of the effects of etodolac are due to the (+) enantiomer. PMID- 6227749 TI - Correlation of penicillinase production with phage type and susceptibility to antibiotics and heavy metals in Staphylococcus aureus. AB - One hundred and thirty-nine bacteraemia strains of Staphylococcus aureus, representing different combinations of phage type and susceptibility to antibiotics and to cadmium (Cd), arsenate (As) and mercury (Hg), were investigated for penicillinase production. The determination of enzyme activity in induced and uninduced conditions was performed by iodometric titration. The amount of penicillinase produced could be correlated with phage pattern. Epidemically occurring strains of the 94,96 and the 83A complexes produced the largest amount of penicillinase, whereas strains of the 52,52A,80,81 complex were weaker producers. Group-II and group-III strains produced the smallest amount. Susceptibility to antibiotics and to Cd, As and Hg could not be correlated with enzyme activity, but strains resistant to penicillin plus tetracyclines and strains resistant only to Cd did produce less enzyme than strains with other resistance patterns. The percentage mean values than strains with other resistance patterns. The percentage mean values of extracellularity of the enzyme was highest amongst strains of the 94,96 complex and of type 95. Four strains had constitutive production, one being macro-constitutive and three micro constitutive. All four strains represented rare combinations of the above properties but were susceptible to fusidic acid. The importance of penicillinase production by epidemically occurring strains is discussed. PMID- 6227750 TI - Studies on immune adherence (C3b) receptor activity of human erythrocytes: relationship between receptor activity and membrane osmotic fragility. AB - Although human erythrocytes (E) possess C3b receptors (C3b-R), their in vivo functions are unknown. We had observed that E from patients with immune complex diseases had defective or impaired C3b-R activity when circulating immune complexes (CIC) could be demonstrated. This phenomenon has been investigated in relation to membrane osmotic fragility of such E by a coil planet centrifugation (CPC) system. Osmotic fragility was defined by the hemolysis starting point (HSP), peak point (HPP) and end point (HEP) using NaCl osmotic gradient (150-30 mOsM) coiled tubes. It was observed that E with low C3b-R activity showed high osmotic fragility. Hemolysis of E with low C3b-R activity started at 104 +/- 8 mOsM (n = 133) compared to 97 +/- 3 mOsM (n = 18) of patients' E with normal C3b R activity and 96 +/- 5 mOsM of E from normal healthy donors (n = 128). Furthermore, we observed that HSP shifted towards lower osmolarity with clinical and immunological improvement of disease activity after treatment with corticosteroids. When osmotic gradients were lower to 120-50 mOsM, 52 out of 116 E samples with low C3b-R activity separated into 2 E populations. In contrast, none of 18 E samples with normal C3b-R activity separated into 2 E populations. However, we observed broadened fragility patterns in these 18 E samples. Serial studies of C3b-R activity, osmotic fragility and the presence of CIC were performed in 7 patients. Improvement of disease activity was associated with increased C3b-R activity, decreased osmotic fragility and the disappearance of CIC.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6227751 TI - Osmotic changes of sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles during Ca2+ uptake. AB - The ATP-dependent accumulation of Ca2+ by sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles at 37 degrees reaches a peak after approximately 100 sec. The Ca2+-loading level then declines until a steady-state level is reached which is 20% less than the peak value. This spontaneous release of Ca2+ is enhanced by inclusion of maleate in the Ca2+ uptake medium. Increasing the extravesicular osmolarity by the addition of sucrose to the Ca2+ uptake medium prevents spontaneous Ca2+ release and increases the steady-state Ca2+-loading capacity of sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles. Swelling of sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles during Ca2+ uptake in medium containing sucrose is indicated by changes in the light-scattering intensity. These experiments indicate that the capacity of sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles to accumulate Ca2+ is limited by the osmotic gradient generated by the increase in intravesicular Ca2+. Swelling of sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles during Ca2+ uptake causes spontaneous Ca2+ release. PMID- 6227752 TI - The medical consultant's role in special education programming. PMID- 6227753 TI - Skeletal muscle-smooth muscle interaction: an unusual myoelastic system. AB - The serratus superficialis metapatagialis (SSM) of pigeons is a skeletal muscle with unusual properties. It lies between the ribs and the trailing edge of the wing, where it is attached to the skin by a system of smooth muscles having elastic tendons. Wing movements during flight induce marked changes in this muscle's length. The SSM inserts onto the deep fascia, and at its termination the skeletal muscle contains large numbers of microtubules. Many myofibrils attach to leptomeric organelles, which then attach to the terminal end of the skeletal muscle fiber. The deep fascia next connects to the dermis of the skin by bundles of smooth muscles that have elastic tendons at both ends. This system allows large movements of the muscle while preventing its fibers from overstretching. The movements and presumed forces acting at this muscle make the presence of sensory receptors such as muscle spindles unlikely. Spindles are absent in this muscle. PMID- 6227754 TI - Bacterial penetration into the gingival tissue in periodontal disease. PMID- 6227755 TI - Treatment of transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder with hematoporphyrin derivative phototherapy. AB - The demonstration that intravenously administered hematoporphyrin derivative concentrates preferentially in dysplastic and neoplastic transitional cells in the human bladder prompted a trial of hematoporphyrin derivative phototherapy in patients with transitional cell cancer of the bladder. A dose of 2.5 mg. per kg. was given intravenously 3 to 48 hours before treatment with light of a wavelength of 630 nm. from an argon ion pumped dye laser. Total light dose approximated 150 joules per cm.2. Four patients with resistant carcinoma in situ have been treated and all have had disappearance of the tumors proved by biopsy. Although there are many technical problems we believe that hematoporphyrin derivative phototherapy holds promise as an effective treatment modality, primarily for patients with resistant, recurrent in situ transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. PMID- 6227756 TI - Long-term prophylaxis of urinary infections in women: comparative trial of trimethoprim, methenamine hippurate and topical povidone-iodine. AB - We randomized 64 patients with a history of recurrent urinary tract infections among 3 regimens of long-term (1 year) prophylactic treatment: 20 were given 100 mg. trimethoprim at night, 25 received 1,000 mg. methenamine hippurate every 12 hours and 19 were asked to cleanse the perineum (especially the periurethral area) twice daily with povidone-iodine solution. The progress of patients in terms of urinary symptoms and/or bacteriuria, changes in periurethral flora, side effects, and hematological and biochemical profiles was followed at regular intervals. All treatments were effective in reducing the incidence of symptomatic attacks when compared to the 12 months immediately before therapy and there was little to choose between the individual regimens on this account. However, trimethoprim was tolerated better than were the other 2 treatment regimens. In the group given trimethoprim most of the breakthrough infections (71.4 per cent) that occurred were caused by trimethoprim-resistant organisms (usually Escherichia coli), while in the other 2 groups the incidence of trimethoprim resistant organisms causing infection was low (2.7 per cent). Treatment with trimethoprim reduced significantly the periurethral colonization of Escherichia coli. PMID- 6227758 TI - Effect of diltiazem on the release of calcium from the canine fragmented cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum. AB - Fragmented sarcoplasmic reticulum fraction (SR) was prepared from the ventricle of canine heart, and the effect of diltiazem on its Ca2+ binding and Ca2+ release was examined by centrifugation and filtration methods using 45Ca. Cardiac SR bound 45-55 nmoles/mg of Ca ions in the presence of Mg-ATP. Diltiazem in concentrations up to 10(-4) M had little effect on the Ca2+ binding of SR. The membrane of cardiac SR was "depolarized" by either changing propionate to chloride (anionic) or potassium to Tris (hydroxymethyl) aminomethane (Tris) (cationic). About 12% of the maximum Ca2+ bound to the SR was released by cationic "depolarization", but no Ca2+ was released by anionic "depolarization". The Ca2+ release induced by the cationic "depolarization" was inhibited by diltiazem, and the inhibitory effect of diltiazem on the Ca2+ release was dependent on the incubation time. Incubation of the SR with 3 X 10(-6) M diltiazem for 30 sec almost completely inhibited the release of Ca2+, while incubation with 3 X 10(-7) M diltiazem incompletely inhibited the Ca2+ release. About 20% of the maximum Ca2+ bound to the SR was released by the addition of 5.1 mM caffeine. The Ca2+ release induced by caffeine was inhibited by increasing the concentration of MgCl2 from 5 to 10 mM, but was not inhibited by 10 mM procaine. An increase of ATP concentration accelerated the time course of the caffeine induced release of Ca2+ from the SR and subsequent rebinding of Ca2+. Diltiazem up to 10(-5) M had no effect on the caffeine-induced Ca2+ release.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6227757 TI - Manifestations of coronary disease predisposing to stroke. The Framingham study. AB - Coronary heart disease (CHD) was examined as a precursor of stroke based on 24 years of biennial examinations, during which time 344 strokes occurred. Routine ECGs, chest roentgenograms, and BP levels were obtained, CHD and cardiac failure status were evaluated at each examination, and risk of stroke was ascertained. The five major CHD risk factors jointly were actually as predictive of stroke as CHD. The dominant stroke risk factors were hypertension, clinical manifestations of CHD, cardiac failure, atrial fibrillation, and ECG and roentgenographic evidence of a compromised coronary circulation. Coronary heart disease almost tripled the risk of a stroke, and cardiac failure was associated with more than a fivefold increased risk. Angina pectoris carried half the risk of myocardial infarction. Coronary disease and cardiac failure added to the risk of stroke associated with hypertension. Coronary heart disease increased stroke risk in the absence of hypertension or cardiac failure, but risk was greatly augmented when these coexisted. PMID- 6227759 TI - [Abramov-Fiedler idiopathic myocarditis]. PMID- 6227760 TI - [Pulmonary artery thromboembolism: its clinical and coagulative diagnosis]. AB - A total of 250 subjects were investigated using a diagnostic search flow-chart. Pulmonary artery thromboembolism (PATE) was diagnosed in 102 patients. The results have demonstrated the value of laboratory tests employed--markers of thrombin- and plasminemia and platelet activation--for PATE diagnosis. To diagnose PATE, levels of fibrinogen-fibrin and beta-thromboglobulin degradation products should be measured in myocardial infarction patients, and plasma soluble fibrin measurement should be added to those in patients with circulatory insufficiency. In recurrent PATE, continuous increase of plasma beta thromboglobulin and soluble fibrin levels, antithrombin III exhaustion and reduced levels of fibrinogen-fibrin degradation products are of diagnostic value. PMID- 6227761 TI - [Roentgencardiometry and prognosis in myocardial infarct (clinical and roentgenological correlations)]. AB - Primary roentgenocardiographic findings (within the first two days of infarction) were correlated with the assessment of improvement in patients' condition at the post-hospital rehabilitation stage (2 years' follow-up). A relationship between the category of severity of the patient's condition at the acute stage of infarction, its long-term improvement and the initial size of the heart was demonstrated. It is suggested that roentgenocardiometric data can provide an essential addition to the criteria of clinical and occupational prognosis in myocardial infarction patients. PMID- 6227762 TI - [Evaluation of lipid characteristics and indices in ischemic heart disease]. AB - A combined population study of 7815 male residents of Moscow and Leningrad, aged 40-59, conducted within the USSR-USA collaborative research programme, has made comparative assessments, on the basis of Anderson-Bakhadur intervals, of 13 lipid parameters and indices as predictors and indicators of coronary disease. Indices based on total cholesterol and alpha-cholesterol measurements were found to be of the greatest informative value. Three coefficients are proposed. PMID- 6227763 TI - Infection-induced immunosuppression in pyelonephritis: characteristics of the suppressor cell(s). AB - Infection-induced suppressor cells may be associated with a depression of cell mediated immune (CMI) mechanisms in pyelonephritis. In the present study, cell viability and cell to cell contact were established as prerequisites for immunosuppression and the role of mononuclear phagocytic cells and polymorphonuclear leukocytes, as immunoregulatory cells affecting CMI, was also examined. Fractionation of spleen cell suspensions was carried out using carbonyl iron, nylon wool, glass beads, and sephadex. These procedures restored mitogenic responsiveness to splenic lymphocytes from pyelonephritic animals, and it was possible to isolate cells with accessory and suppressor activity from nylon wool columns. Elutable cells (that is, cells which adhere to the column but could be recovered by the addition of EDTA) were characteristically accessory cells and increased the mitogenic responsiveness of normal lymphocytes. Adherent splenocytes which suppress mitogenic responses were isolated from pyelonephritic animals. Additionally, neutrophils, at concentrations readily demonstrable in lesions, depressed CMI responses in vitro. With this information available it should now be possible to carry out a detailed analysis of the cellular mechanism by which CMI in renal infection is depressed. PMID- 6227764 TI - [Bilateral retinal detachment as a presenting ophthalmological symptom in Down's syndrome]. PMID- 6227765 TI - Cellular mechanism of the action of loop diuretics on the thick ascending limb of Henle's loop. AB - During the passed few years the cellular mechanisms responsible for the NaCl reabsorption in the thick ascending limb of the Henle loop of mammalian nephron and of the early distal tubule of amphibian kidney have been extensively studied. From these studies a new type of secondarily active transport mechanism, i.e. the Na+--2Cl- --K+ symport has emerged. Meanwhile it has been recognized that this system is also present in many other epithelia. All these epithelia share in common that they are sensitive to the so called loop diuretics. The present article summarizes our current knowledge of how the loop diuretics, by reversible interaction with the above cotransport system, inhibit the NaCl reabsorption in the thick ascending limb of Henle's loop. It is shown that these drugs transfer the thick ascending limb cell to a state in which not only transepithelial NaCl reabsorption ceases but in which also very little energy is consumed since then K+ and Cl- "relax" to passive distribution across both cell membranes and Na+ entry into the cell is blocked. PMID- 6227766 TI - Interaction of intracellular electrolytes and tubular transport. AB - To disclose possible regulatory mechanisms, the potential difference across the peritubular cell membrane (PDpt) and intracellular activities of sodium (Nai+), potassium (Ki+), calcium (Cai2+), bicarbonate (HCO3i-) and chloride (Cli-) have been traced continuously during inhibition of Na+/K+-ATPase with ouabain. Within 31 +/- 4 min following application of ouabain, PDpt decreases (from 57 +/- 2 mV) to half and Ki+ by 37.7 +/- 2.2 mmol/l (from 63.5 +/- 1.9 mmol/l), Nai+ increases by 35.1 +/- 4.1 mmol/l (from 13.2 +/- 2.4 mmol/l), Cai2+ by 0.17 +/- 0.2 mumol/l (from 0.09 mumol/l), HCO3i-) by 3.0 +/- 1.1 mmol/l (from 15.3 +/- 2.0 mmol/l) and Cli- by 6.2 +/- 1.0 mmol/l (from 14.4 +/- 1.6 mmol/l). Within the same time the luminal and peritubular cell membrane resistances increase 45 +/- 15% and 53 +/- 17%, respectively. The increase of the resistances is mainly due to a decrease of K+ conductance, which in turn mainly accounts for the depolarisation of PDpt. Additional experiments demonstrate that the K+ conductance of the peritubular cell membrane is sensitive to the cell membrane potential difference and possibly linked to Na+/K+-ATPase activity. The decline of PDpt probably accounts for intracellular alkalinisation which in turn reduces Na+/H+ exchange. Na+-coupled transport of glucose and phenylalanine decrease in linear proportion to PDpt. The transport of these and probably of similar substances represents the main threat to electrolyte homeostasis of the cells. PMID- 6227767 TI - [Immunologic findings in homosexual males with generalized lymphadenopathy. Prodromal state of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome?]. AB - Peripheral blood of 6 homosexual men with lymphadenopathy associated with fever, weight loss and night sweat, 13 homosexuals with lymphadenopathy without further clinical symptoms, 13 healthy homosexuals and 20 healthy hetero-sexual blood donors was evaluated for different lymphocyte subpopulation, mitogen induced T cell proliferation and Gamma-interferon production. In the six patients with lymphadenopathy lymphocyte subpopulations were also analysed in lymph node biopsies. delayed type hypersensitivity was established by skin test's using different recall antigens. Sera of all homosexual men were screened for immunoglobulin levels, complement activity, presence of immunocomplexes and autoantibodies. Most of the homosexuals with lymphadenopathy but without clinical symptoms and all patients with lymphadenopathy associated with clinical symptoms had a significantly decreased helper-(OKT 4) suppressor- (OKT 8) cell ratio. In contrast, the OKT 4/OKT 8 ratio was found to be normal in lymphocyte suspension from lymph node-biopsy from the 6 patients with lymphadenopathy and clinical symptoms. Within the group of healthy homosexuals this ratio exhibited a rather large variation, in three of the tested persons the ratio was below 1. No functional abnormalities of T-cell immunity were observed in the homosexual men as compared to the control group, with the exception of a significantly increased LAG- and PWM-induced lymphocyte proliferation in the group of healthy homosexual men. Likewise no significant differences were obtained with regard to the further analysed immunological parameters. It is concluded that the obtained immunological results do not provide the possibility to define persons at immediate risk for the development of AIDS. PMID- 6227768 TI - [Incidence of chronic renal insufficiency]. PMID- 6227769 TI - [Attitude to health and its effect on the social activities of invalids with disorders of the musculoskeletal system]. PMID- 6227770 TI - [Immune complex disease--problems and perspectives of its treatment]. PMID- 6227771 TI - [Allergic skin lesions in sensitization to intestinal autoflora in patients with colitis]. PMID- 6227772 TI - [Role of heredity and the environment in the development of allergic diseases]. PMID- 6227773 TI - Pasteurella pneumotropica in rabbits from a "Pasteurella-free" production colony. AB - Pasteurella pneumotropica was isolated from the nasopharyngeal area of two of five rabbits obtained from a "Pasteurella-free" production colony. No evidence of disease was observed in these rabbits during clinical and necropsy examinations. PMID- 6227774 TI - Prephonatory chest wall posturing in stutterers. AB - The possibility that prephonatory chest wall posturing is abnormal in stutterers was explored by observing rib cage and abdominal hemicircumference changes during the interval between the presentation of a stimulus and the production of/alpha/by a group of stutterers (N = 5). It was found that the patterns of chest wall adjustment for phonation were qualitatively identical in the stutterers and in a comparable group of normal men studied previously. There was, however, a significant difference in the way in which lung volume changed during the execution of the chest wall adjustment. This was considered to be indicative of delayed glottal closure among the stutterers rather than representative of a primary ventilatory disturbance. PMID- 6227775 TI - Sulphation of contraceptive steroids. AB - The sulphation of a number of contraceptive steroids by rabbit tissue in vitro was investigated. With liver tissue the three synthetic gestagens (norethisterone, norgesterel and lynestrenol) were sulphated at different rates and none was sulphated as rapidly as dehydroepiandrosterone; sulphation occurred at the tertiary 17 beta-hydroxyl group. The synthetic oestrogen ethynyloestradiol was sulphated more rapidly than dehydroepiandrosterone, both mono and disulphates being formed. Of the other tissues studied, sulphation occurred with stomach and lung but not with heart, spleen, muscle, kidney or adipose tissue. These in vitro studies provide confirmation of in vivo findings regarding sulphate conjugates of the synthetic steroids. PMID- 6227776 TI - Co-operative dynamics in organelles. AB - Some organelles produce elementary life phenomena which are characterized by the spontaneous formation and/or maintenance of ordered macroscopic dynamics like e.g. the shortening of sarcomeres in striated muscle and the transmission of electrical impulses in an axon. It has been widely accepted that such organelles are organized molecular systems where molecular elements work independently under constraint of a more or less rigid and regular structure of the system. On the other hand, such organelles should be regarded as self-organizing systems if the ordered macroscopic dynamics are self-organized. As the macroscopic dynamics gradually emerge, the microscopic dynamics of its elements become linked to each other through a feedback loop. It is crucial for the feedback loop to operate that the macroscopic dynamics are "free" in their behavior. In the present paper, it is pointed out that the traditional view of independent molecular elements has been obtained from experiments in which, by means of external constraint, the macroscopic dynamics is "clamped". Under such conditions, the self-organizing system may behave as an organized one. Based on synergetics we propose criterions for proving self-organizing systems, and, by applying the criterions, we conclude that skeletal muscle actomysin is a co-operative element in the sense of self organization. PMID- 6227778 TI - [Hematoma of the rectus abdominis after paracentesis]. PMID- 6227777 TI - Isoenzyme studies in human leukemia -- III. beta-Hexosaminidase (E.C. 3.2.1.30). AB - Enzymologic profiles of beta-hexosaminidase (N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase, E.C.3.2.1.30) were studied in cells from childhood acute leukemias and lymphomas. By analytical isoelectric focusing or disc electrophoresis the beta hexosaminidase activity was separated into its components A, B, I and C. The isoenzyme patterns were correlated with immunologic cell surface marker characteristics found on the investigated leukemic cells. In all cases of T-ALL the beta-hexosaminidase forms A and B were observed, an enzyme pattern similar to that found in normal lymphocytes. Seven out of 11 cases with cALL, three of six cases with AML and one case of AUL displayed the intermediate component (Hex I). Marked heterogeneity within the immunologically classified subgroup cALL was reflected in different enzyme patterns of the cALL samples. These biochemical phenotypes may indicate the different maturation and differentiation status of cells expressing the same immunologic surface markers. PMID- 6227779 TI - [Temperature measurements--a possibility for early diagnosis of the side effects of Zelmide?]. PMID- 6227780 TI - Orchestration of the immunology laboratory for diagnosis of immunologic disorders. PMID- 6227781 TI - Zimelidine effects on memory impairments produced by ethanol. AB - Zimelidine, a relatively specific 5-hydroxytryptamine reuptake blocker, attenuates the impairing effects of ethanol on learning and memory. The findings provide a potential basis for treatment of ethanol-related disorders and also points to the role of the serotonin system in mediating aspects of information processing in man. PMID- 6227782 TI - Induction of oral dyskinesias in naive rats by D1 stimulation. AB - Repetitious opening and closing of the mouth and high frequency clonic jaw movements were observed in rats challenged with dopamine agonists after acute treatment with sulpiride or a low dose of spiroperidol. SKF 38393, a specific D1 receptor agonist, alone, also induced these behaviors and cis-flupenthixol blocked them, evidence suggesting D1 dopamine receptor mediation. PMID- 6227783 TI - [Radiocardiogram interpretation by estimating the average transit time of a tracer]. AB - A new method for the interpretation of the radiocardiographic (RCG) data is proposed. As distinct from the widely used method developed by Donato et al. based on the exponential extrapolation of the terminal zones of the RCG peaks and the calculation of the mean time of the indicator general circulation in the body, this one is based on the approximation of both RCG peaks by gamma-image function, measurement of the indicator maximum level in the field of interest of the vena cava superior and calculation of the time indices that characterize the mean-transit time of radioactivity through the right cardiac regions and through the heart and lungs in general. On examination of practically healthy persons and 62 patients with ischemic heart disease 10 different RCG time indices were identified. The correlation matrix of the interrelationships of these indices and the matrix of the coefficients of respective regression equations were calculated. It has been established that the mean time of general circulation results in the distorted evaluation of myocardial pump function whereas time indices determined by the above method give a more adequate evaluation of the central hemodynamics. PMID- 6227784 TI - [Side effects of neuroleptics on nurses working with these preparations]. PMID- 6227785 TI - [Work experience of a polyclinic records office]. PMID- 6227786 TI - [Down's disease]. PMID- 6227787 TI - [Yaroslavl Medical School is 110 years old]. PMID- 6227788 TI - [Use of x-rays in the teaching of anatomy]. PMID- 6227789 TI - [Testing the effect of Dolo Mobilat gel in a double-blind study]. PMID- 6227791 TI - [Delayed diagnosis of occupational dermatitis]. AB - Of 182 subjects affected by occupational eczema only in 15% the eczema was found to be developed in the first three months. In 21.8% the diagnosis of occupational eczema was delayed by over 5 years. The methodological and social outcome of the delayed diagnosis was analysed. PMID- 6227790 TI - [Lipid, collagen and mucopolysaccharide metabolism in workers exposed to occupational noise]. AB - In forty-nine workers of steelworks, exposed to noise of 88-112 dBA level, the concentration of total lipids, phospholipids, lipoproteins beta, total cholesterol, triglycerides and free fatty acids was determined. In addition, in the urine collected at night and urine collected within 8 working hours, the concentration of hydroxyproline (HP) and glycosaminoglycans (GAG) was determined. The studies showed an increase in all test kinds of fats significant for total lipids and phospholipids. This may imply the atheromatogenic effect of noise. On the other hand, no changes have been found in HP and GAG excretion. PMID- 6227792 TI - Impact of respite care on parents' perceptions of quality of life. PMID- 6227793 TI - Genetic characterization of a gene for prolipoprotein signal peptidase in Escherichia coli. AB - A mutation (lspA, prolipoprotein signal peptidase) rendering the prolipoprotein signal peptidase temperature-sensitive in Escherichia coli has been analyzed. The mutation was mapped in the dnaJ-rpsT-ileS-dapB region by interrupted mating with various Hfr strains and P1 phage transduction. lambda transducing phage lambda ddapB2 that carries the rpsT-ileS-dapB region was shown to complement the lspA mutation. Plasmid pLC3-13 which had been isolated from Clarke and Carbon's collection as a plasmid carrying the lspA locus was shown to carry the dnaJ and rpsT loci. Complementation analysis with plasmids carrying various DNA fragments derived from pLC3-13 showed that the lspA locus is between the rpsT and ileS loci. The wildtype allele was dominant over the lspA allele. PMID- 6227794 TI - Replication-control functions block the induction of an SOS response by a damaged P1 bacteriophage. AB - UV-damaged bacteriophage P1 causes an SOS response in infected bacteria that can be measured colorimetrically with the aid of a lambda pL-lacZ fusion strain of Escherichia coli. This response is blocked by a P1 prophage. Evidence is offered that the blockage is caused by the concerted action of the incompatibility determinant incA and the immunity (c1 and c4) repressors of the prophage. We suggest that indirect induction of lambda by damaged P1 is caused by the abortive initiation of replication in either of two modes, one under incA control, the other under c1 control and indirectly (via ant, the determinant of a repression antagonist) under c4 control. PMID- 6227795 TI - Cloning of the ugp region containing the structural genes for the pho regulon dependent sn-glycerol-3-phosphate transport system of Escherichia coli. AB - Using a novel positive selection method for G3P transport activity, lambda phages that carry either all or part of ugp, the genes of the pho regulon-dependent G3P transport system of Escherichia coli were isolated from a library of EcoRI fragments of Escherichia coli established in lambda gt7. By subcloning EcoRI fragments carried by the different phages into the multicopy plasmids pACYC184 and pUR222, it was shown that two chromosomal fragments of 6.0 and 6.6 kb are required for the expression of ugp, whereas all the structural information is located on the 6.6 kb EcoRI fragment. A restriction map of the cloned DNA was established and the extent of ugp genes determined by Tn5 insertions. Using ugp lacZ fusions, it could be shown that the ugp region consists of at least two different operons that are transcribed in the same direction (counterclockwise) on the E. coli chromosome. PMID- 6227796 TI - Ribosomal genes of Neurospora crassa: constancy of gene number in the conidial and mycelial phases, and homogeneity in length and restriction enzyme cleavage sites within strains. AB - We report the results of experiments which, while not specifically designed to study the possibility of rDNA amplification during different developmental stages in the N. crassa life cycle, clearly indicate a relative constancy in the rDNA content of conidia (asexual spores) and mycelial cells. We also report the results of restriction enzyme studies which indicate that the Neurospora rDNA repeat units are homogeneous in length and restriction site pattern within any given Neurospora strain. These results directly contradict the recent report of Dutta et al. (1983), in which the authors concluded that the rDNA of germinating conidia is amplified, relative to mycelia, and that up to 10% of the rDNA units are heterogeneous. PMID- 6227798 TI - The ethical dilemma. Selective non-treatment of newborn infants with major handicaps. PMID- 6227797 TI - [Metabolic limitation of DNA-polymerase I synthesis by Escherichia coli strain CM5199]. AB - The work was aimed at studying DNA polymerase I synthesis after induction of the vector prophage lambda polA (NM 964) in lysogenic Escherichia coli CM 5199 in the course of batch cultivation in different media and at various growth phases as well as upon "nutrient shifts" caused by adding organic compounds to the minimal medium. The enzyme activity was highest when the phage was induced at the exponential phase of growth and in media richer in their composition. The enzyme synthesis, the dynamics of protein and RNA content were studied after induction of the phage and enrichment of the medium; the studies have shown that synthesis of DNA polymerase I is influenced by limitation at two levels: (1) biosynthesis of amino acids and (2) biosynthesis of components of the protein-synthesizing apparatus. There is a direct correlation between DNA polymerase I biosynthesis under the control of vector DNA and the growth rate of the culture. PMID- 6227799 TI - [Acne vulgaris--pathogenesis, clinical picture and therapy]. PMID- 6227800 TI - Update on isotretinoin (Accutane) for acne. PMID- 6227801 TI - [Clinical and treatment characteristics of strongyloidiasis depending on the ABO(H) system of patient blood groups]. PMID- 6227802 TI - [Nutritional importance of zinc in children]. PMID- 6227803 TI - [Considerations of a congenital cardiopathy and anorectal abnormalities syndrome]. PMID- 6227804 TI - [Transient diabetes mellitus in a newborn with Down's syndrome]. PMID- 6227805 TI - Pausing and termination of human RNA polymerase II transcription at a procaryotic terminator. AB - Kinetic analyses of runoff transcription in a cell-free eucaryotic transcription system revealed that the bacteriophage lambda 4S RNA terminator caused human RNA polymerase II to pause on the template and partially terminate transcription of transcripts initiated by the adenovirus 2 major late promoter. Analogous to the procaryotic RNA polymerase, the eucaryotic enzyme terminated just beyond the guanine-plus-cytosine-rich region of dyad symmetry in the terminator sequence. These results suggest that the eucaryotic RNA polymerase II may respond to transcription termination sequences similar to those used by the procaryotic enzyme. However, similar templates containing lambda tint or lambda tR1 terminators did not elicit pausing or termination, suggesting that other features, such as sequence specificity, may also be involved. PMID- 6227806 TI - Sequence analysis of mitochondrial DNA in a mouse cell line resistant to chloramphenicol and oligomycin. AB - A mouse L-cell line, designated 111-OB3, is described which is resistant to two drugs, chloramphenicol and oligomycin. The cells contain two types of mitochondrial DNA molecules, in roughly equal proportions, which differ in that one is cleaved by endonuclease EcoRI at a novel site within the coding sequence for subunit 6 of the mitochondrial ATPase (ATPase-6). Sequence analysis reveals that the cleavage site was created by a single transversion which predicts a replacement of valine in the wild-type ATPase-6 by glutamic acid. The replacement occurs in a hydrophobic amino acid sequence which is highly conserved in mouse, human, and bovine proteins. The position of the replacement is similar to a substitution observed in one class of yeast mutants resistant to oligomycin. Both of the mitochondrial DNA molecules in 111-OB3 also have a single nucleotide change in the gene encoding the large (16S) rRNA. These observations are consistent with the hypothesis that oligomycin resistance in mammalian cells can be cytoplasmically determined and can result from alterations in ATPase-6. The appearance of the mutation before selection in oligomycin suggests a model for the origin of mitochondrial mutations in mammalian cells. PMID- 6227807 TI - Analysis of DNA structural patterns and sequence organization at the larval cuticle locus in Drosophila melanogaster. AB - We examined the pattern of DNA organization at the larval cuticle gene complex 44D of Drosophila melanogaster, using micrococcal nuclease and the 1,10 phenanthroline-cuprous complex. The initial cleavage patterns obtained with both reagents exhibited "gaps" at the positions of each of the genes examined, as well as at a pseudogene sequence contained within the complex. An additional gap for which no gene exists was observed for both patterns. The cleavage pattern obtained with micrococcal nuclease was unaltered, at a level of resolution of +/- 50 base pairs, in a mutant containing a transposable element. Analysis of the sequence data from this 5.5-kilobase gene cluster indicated that the sequence per se, and not the general base composition, is a dominant factor in determining the patterns observed. PMID- 6227809 TI - Increased mutational rates in Chinese hamster ovary cells serially selected for drug resistance. AB - Chinese hamster ovary cell populations exposed to the pressures of prolonged serial cultivation in cytotoxic drugs have increased mutational rates at independent genetic loci. Evidence suggests that the alterations generating these mutations may be independent of the lesions conferring drug resistance. PMID- 6227810 TI - Empirical equation that can be used to determine genetic map distances from tetrad data. AB - An empirical equation has been developed that can be used to calculate genetic map distances from tetrad data with good accuracy for distances of up to at least 120 centimorgans. PMID- 6227808 TI - Isolation and preliminary characterization of the Chinese hamster thymidine kinase gene. AB - The Chinese hamster thymidine kinase (TK) gene has been isolated from a recombinant phage library constructed with genomic DNA from mouse Ltk- cells transformed to Tk+ by transfection with Chinese hamster genomic DNA. The phage library was screened by the Benton-Davis plaque hybridization technique, using as probes, subclones of recombinant phage that were isolated from mouse Ltk+ transformants by the tRNA suppressor rescue method. The Chinese hamster TK gene is contained within 13.2 kilobases of genomic DNA in the isolate designated lambda 34S4. This gene, defined by restriction enzyme sensitivity experiments, homology studies with the chicken TK gene, and mRNA blotting experiments, may extend over 8.5 kilobases. Subclones of the lambda 34S4 isolate used as hybridization probes identified a 1,400-nucleotide polyadenylated RNA as the hamster TK mRNA. The abundance of this mRNA varies dramatically in Chinese hamster cells cultured under various growth conditions, providing direct evidence that the growth dependence of TK activity may be regulated in an important way at the level of cytoplasmic TK mRNA. PMID- 6227811 TI - The receptor for immunoglobulin E: taking it apart - putting it back together. Carl Prausnitz Memorial Lecture. PMID- 6227812 TI - Progress in clinical immunology. The role of chemical mediators and cellular interactions. 14th Symposium of the Collegium Internationale Allergologicum, Sorrento, October 10-14, 1982. PMID- 6227813 TI - Large granular lymphocytes. A new lineage with special functions? PMID- 6227814 TI - Fc receptor for IgE on rat, mouse and human macrophages and macrophage-like cell lines: their relationship to serum IgE level. PMID- 6227815 TI - Production of IgE-binding factor by human buffy coat cells. PMID- 6227816 TI - Suppressor cell phenotype deficiency and its restoration by thymopoietin pentapeptide in atopic dermatitis. PMID- 6227817 TI - FC epsilon receptor-positive B and T lymphocytes in atopic disease. PMID- 6227818 TI - IgE receptors on phagocytic cells and immune response to schistosome infection. PMID- 6227819 TI - Regulation of IgE response by IgE-binding factors. PMID- 6227820 TI - In vitro IgE production by human lymphocytes and its regulation. PMID- 6227821 TI - Regulation of human IgE response by IgE class-specific suppressor T cells or suppressor factor(s). PMID- 6227823 TI - [Echocardiography in the diagnosis and therapy-monitoring of hypertension]. PMID- 6227822 TI - Clinical experiences with analogues of fentanyl. PMID- 6227824 TI - [Differential diagnosis at the bedside. Acute spondylitis of the thoracic spine. A rare cause of acute backache]. PMID- 6227825 TI - Increases in myofibrillar ATPase intermediate human skeletal muscle fibers in response to endurance training. AB - The response of human muscle triceps brachii (TB) to training, which consisted of skiing with sledges 500 miles over a period of 36 days, has been investigated by means of histochemical fiber typing (myofibrillar ATPase, n = 7). Muscle biopsies were taken in the right TB during pretraining, and in the right as well as in the left TB after training. The percentage of type 2 fibers and intermediate fibers (type 2C and 1B) in the right TB decreased and increased, respectively, by 13%. The fiber type distribution in the left TB after training was very similar to that in the right TB after training. This concordance indicates that the change in fiber type distribution was a result of the training per se, and not related to any eventual effect of the biopsy-sampling. PMID- 6227826 TI - Membrane crystals of Ca2+-ATPase in sarcoplasmic reticulum of normal and dystrophic muscle. AB - Two-dimensional crystalline arrays of the Ca2+ transport ATPase develop after treatment of sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles with Na3VO4. The dimensions of the crystal lattice are similar in sarcoplasmic reticulum membranes isolated from normal and genetically dystrophic human, mouse, and chicken muscles. These observations indicate similar requirements for ATPase-ATPase interactions in sarcoplasmic reticulum of normal and dystrophic muscles and lessen the likelihood of a molecular defect of the Ca2+ pump in the various forms of genetic muscular dystrophies. PMID- 6227827 TI - Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological exercises. Case 52-1983. Pulmonary hypertension associated with abnormal hemoglobin. PMID- 6227828 TI - Hepatitis B and immune-complex disease. PMID- 6227829 TI - [Modulation of the activity of muscle afferents during stimulation of the motor and premotor cortex in the cat]. AB - Local stimulation of hind leg motor representation area within the cat postcruciate cortex (area 4) changed the afferent activity of muscle spindles in hindpad flexor muscles. The early cessation of background activity correlated with extrafusal muscle fibres contraction. After return of the muscle to initial length, a significant increase of afferent discharge was observed followed by recovery to the initial level. Stimulation of contra- and ipsilateral parts of precruciate cortex (area 6) evoked selective long-lasting facilitation with aftereffect without involving extrafusal muscle fibres. Similar changes, however less pronounced occurred in secondary endings. The independent action of areas 6 and 4 on muscle spindle activity indicates a specific role of area 6 in regulation of segmentary activity of the gamma-system. PMID- 6227830 TI - [Correlation between the ATPase activity of the mammary gland and the level of functional activity of the thyroid gland during different periods of pregnancy and lactation]. PMID- 6227831 TI - [Abandonment or refusal of therapy: rite of passage in the handicapped and chronically ill adolescent]. PMID- 6227832 TI - Percutaneous discectomy: an alternative to chemonucleolysis? AB - At the University of Florida, a new technique for lumbar disc removal, called percutaneous discectomy, has been explored. This procedure may be performed under general or local anesthesia, frequently takes less than 15 minutes, and is generally bloodless. The patient selection process and the surgical technique are presented in detail. A total of nine patients have undergone percutaneous discectomy. Seven had clear radiculopathies with appropriate radiographic findings, and they all have had excellent relief of symptoms. Two patients presented with intractable low back pain, bilateral mechanical findings, and central disc herniations on radiographic examination. One experienced good relief and one did not. Three patients had several days of paraspinous spasm after the procedure, and one complained of a lower extremity dysesthetic sensation that persisted for several weeks after operation. Our early experience with percutaneous discectomy suggests that it is a technically easy procedure that may prove, in carefully selected cases, to be a viable alternative to other discectomy techniques. PMID- 6227833 TI - Intraluminal dilatation of the innominate artery before extracranial-intracranial bypass: case report. AB - We are reporting a successful dilatation of the innominate artery with the Gruntzig balloon catheter before an extracranial-intracranial bypass procedure. PMID- 6227834 TI - Stretch receptors in regenerated rat muscle. AB - Although muscle spindles are known to be present in regenerated muscles, it has not previously been reported whether they have any electrophysiological activity. In the present study, rat extensor digitorum longus muscles were traumatized so as to cause all muscle fibers to degenerate; the muscle nerves were either left intact to promote subsequent reinnervation or severed to impede reinnervation. After 2-4 months of regeneration, the muscles were subjected to stretch stimuli and sensory activity was recorded electrophysiologically. Many of the muscles contained stretch-sensitive units that behaved like muscle spindles, although the responses were often highly adaptive and somewhat erratic. In general, the responses from muscles with the nerve left intact were more normal than those from muscles in which the nerve had been severed. Silver staining of the same muscles showed that morphologically recognizable muscle spindles were present, but all were abnormal to varying degrees. These results demonstrate that regenerated muscles can regain some degree of sensory activity in addition to motor functions. The prospect of restored sensory activity may be critical in evaluating the efficacy of graft or transplant procedures for human muscles. PMID- 6227835 TI - [Diagnosis of arteriopathies of the lower limbs (A comparison of the Doppler flowmeter and arteriography)]. PMID- 6227836 TI - [The current role of the Doppler flowmeter in the diagnosis of peripheral arteriopathies (The ultrasonic blood flow velocity profile)]. PMID- 6227837 TI - [The use of laparoscopy in the staging of melanomas]. PMID- 6227838 TI - [Personal experience in the diagnosis of closed liver injuries]. PMID- 6227839 TI - [Hemoperitoneum caused by rupture of a hepatic neoplasm]. PMID- 6227840 TI - [A case of Morquio's syndrome with long survival time]. AB - A long-surviving clinical case of suspected Morquio's syndrome is described. The locomotorium (vertebral dwarfism, hyphoscoliosis, but no hypoplasia of the odontoid process of the epistropheus, platyspondylia), cardiopulmonary (aortic insufficiency, arterial calcification, varices) visual (opaque lens on right eye, sclerosis of the lenticular lamellae but no corneal opacity on left eye) acoustic (deafness) and gastroenteric systems (hepatomegaly) are analysed. No pathological granulations were noted in the leukocytes. The plasmatic lysosome enzymes were normal and alpha-fucosidase subnormal. Abnormal keratan sulphate secretion was noted in the daily urine. All this would explain the patient's long survival. PMID- 6227841 TI - Effects of tryptophan and nicotinamide intakes on in vivo oxidation of tryptophan and excretion of N1-methylnicotinamide in young rats. PMID- 6227842 TI - General dentistry with general anesthesia: the private dental office as an ambulatory care facility. PMID- 6227843 TI - Acquired immune deficiency syndrome: dental considerations. PMID- 6227844 TI - [Staphylococcal poisoning of a travel group]. PMID- 6227845 TI - [Steps taken to contain health care costs in several European countries]. PMID- 6227846 TI - [A plea for the comprehensive treatment of cancer]. PMID- 6227847 TI - [Responsibilities of the Public Health Department based on the drinking-water ordinance]. PMID- 6227848 TI - [The 10th x-ray mass screening in the state of Schleswig-Holstein]. PMID- 6227849 TI - [Vaccine poliomyelitis as a complication of oral vaccination]. PMID- 6227850 TI - [Trichinosis in the Bitburg area (Eifel). From the viewpoint of medical officers of the Public Health Department]. PMID- 6227852 TI - [Current decisions in social insurance (5)]. PMID- 6227851 TI - [Health problems of the children and wives of foreign workers in West Germany]. PMID- 6227853 TI - [Proposals for the prevention and control of AIDS by the Public Health Department]. PMID- 6227854 TI - [Clinical features of congenital cataract among children in Turkmenistan]. PMID- 6227855 TI - [Assanation of children in a preschool specialized pioneer camp]. PMID- 6227856 TI - Monoclonal antibody-defined peripheral blood T lymphocyte subpopulations in patients with mycosis fungoides. AB - A panel of monoclonal antibodies has been used to identify peripheral blood lymphocyte subpopulations in 13 patients with mycosis fungoides and in 13 normal subjects. An increase in the T6+ population and a decrease in the T8+ population were noticed in our patients. Their T4/T8 ratio was considerably augmented. In 4 patients reevaluated after treatment, marked changes in the relative proportions of T lymphocyte subsets had occurred. The possible pathogenetic significance of these immunological alterations is discussed. PMID- 6227858 TI - Dentistry within a regional psychiatric centre. How dental services are provided at R.P.C. (Prairies). PMID- 6227857 TI - [Dynamics of skin cell proliferation and differentiation and the development of epidermocyte reactivity in the process of histogenesis: the problem of chalones]. AB - The dynamics of proliferative activity in the epidermis and dermis cells, as well as some morpho-functional indices in the skin epithelium have been studied in 17 21 days old embryos and 1, 3, 5, 8, 10 and 20 days old rats. The epidermis acquired its definitive properties by the 8th day of postnatal development whereas the skin as an organ formed by the 20th day. The epidermocytes of the developing skin responded to the damage by a distinct proliferative reaction from the 8th day on. The epidermal chalones isolated from the skin of adult animals inhibited the division of epidermocytes in 8, 10 and 20 days old animals. No effect was observed upon the injection of epidermal chalones into 1, 3 and 5 days old rats. PMID- 6227859 TI - Inherited factor X deficiency: presentation of a case with etiologic and treatment considerations. AB - The first documented case of inherited factor X deficiency in the dental literature is presented. Its ascertainment as a result of postoperative surgical complications illustrates the clinician's need to be familiar with the hereditary bleeding diatheses, as treatment is dependent on the underlying etiology of the specific disorder. In the present case treatment included administration of the antifibrinolytic agent epsilon-aminocaproic acid (EACA) and fresh frozen plasma. On the basis of our findings, a minimal therapeutic level of circulating factor X is estimated to be 15 percent of the normal level. Genetic heterogeneity within the factor X deficiency phenotype is discussed and, on the basis of laboratory findings, a CRM-positive autosomal recessive structural or regulator gene defect is proposed as the etiologic factor in the current case. Forty-nine cases in the literature are reviewed to delineate the pattern of bleeding in hereditary factor X deficiency. PMID- 6227860 TI - [Plasma dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate and dehydroepiandrosterone levels in thyroid diseases]. PMID- 6227861 TI - The incidence of congenital malformation in Dr. Pirngadi hospital, Medan. PMID- 6227862 TI - [Combination aerosol for bronchial asthma in childhood]. AB - 40 children with clinical diagnosis of bronchial asthma aged 8--14 years, 39 with allergic disposition, were investigated. Acute therapeutic and protective effect on frequency of asthmatic attacks, pulmonary auscultation and lung function (FEV1, PF, FVC) by application of Fenoterol and Ipratropium as combination aerosol were registered. Over a period of 4 weeks we could reduce the frequency of attacks nearly to the half. 10 and 20 minutes after aerosol application we showed a good improvement of pulmonary ventilation. Only on children with severe asthma bronchiale an exclusive treatment with Berodual seems to be of modest protective effect. PMID- 6227863 TI - The visually handicapped child. AB - This overview of the visually handicapped child presents information on the early years, educational alternatives and appropriate content, the special problems of the multihandicapped child, and the impact of technology on the education and life of the visually handicapped. A list of agency resources serving the visually handicapped is provided. PMID- 6227864 TI - [Role of scintigraphy in respiratory pathology in children]. PMID- 6227865 TI - Technical note--"Lawry" rotary attachment for paraplegics. AB - Paraplegics usually transfer from wheelchair to water closet by side, rear or front approach. This necessitates removal of the arm support or back rest and sitting on the water closet in opposite to normal direction. The author has designed a rotary attachment which enables the patients to approach from the front and transfer easily so as to sit in the normal direction on the water closet without removal of the arm support or back rest. Further, this device enables the patient to move away from the water closet for washing purposes without having to get up from the water closet seat. PMID- 6227867 TI - Clothes sense. PMID- 6227866 TI - T4 DNA ligase can seal a nick in double-stranded DNA limited by a 5' phosphorylated base-free deoxyribose residue. AB - The 5' AP endodeoxyribonucleases hydrolyze the phosphodiester bond 5' to AP (apurinic or apyrimidinic) sites in double-stranded DNA leaving 3'-OH and 5' phosphate ends. These nicks are sealed by T4 DNA ligase although the 5'-phosphate end belongs to a base-free deoxyribose. PMID- 6227868 TI - The ocean her ward. Interview by Marian Stringer. PMID- 6227869 TI - [Determination of B and T lymphocytes and their subpopulations with the use of monoclonal antibodies]. PMID- 6227870 TI - [Vesico-ureteral reflux]. PMID- 6227871 TI - [Moire technic and roentgen stereoscopy as alternative methods of studying the musculoskeletal system]. PMID- 6227872 TI - Ameloblastic fibrosarcoma of the jaws--report of three cases. Clinico-pathologic, histoenzymological and ultrastructural study. AB - The ameloblastic fibrosarcoma is a rare variety of neoplasm. Three new cases reported here occurred within preexistent benign odontogenic tumors (ameloblastic fibroma or fibro-odontoma). These large, osteolytic tumors, spreading to adjacent soft parts, recurred after surgical treatment in two cases. One of them had a lethal course, with pleuro-pulmonary, mediastinal lymph node and hepatic metastases. Histologically, these sarcomas show a malignant mesenchymal component and few benign ameloblastic islands, which often disappear after one or several recurrences. Histoenzymologically, a high level of alkaline phosphatase and ATPase activities is always present, a feature not present in common fibrosarcomas. The ultrastructural study demonstrates, in analogy with odontogenic myxomas, clear cells provided with numerous microfilaments, secretory cells and also some fibroblasts and myofibroblast-like cells. In addition to these pleomorphic cells, a great number of peculiar granular cells with numerous lysosomal bodies were also found. The histogenesis of these tumors in unknown. Perhaps the epithelial component, being unable to assume its functions of organization, may initiate the malignant transformation of its odontogenic mesenchyme. PMID- 6227873 TI - Follow-up study of a myopathy with loosely coupled mitochondria. AB - This communication deals with a clinical, histological, histochemical and biochemical follow-up study of a boy with an ameliorating myopathy with loosely coupled mitochondria who was studied earlier. In the course of about 15 years the clinical condition of the patient improved greatly. In a biopsy of skeletal muscle the same pathological features were found as before, but the pathological changes were much less severe. In contrast to earlier findings, the majority of the fibres with a loosely coupled state of the mitochondria belonged to the anaerobic type II fibres. PMID- 6227874 TI - [Classification of human T lymphocytes by monoclonal antibodies - its theoretical and clinical aspects]. PMID- 6227875 TI - Low back pain in the athlete. From spondylogenic injury during recreation or competition. AB - Low back pain is a common complaint of athletes, and accurate diagnosis is essential, since many causes of back problems can lead to disability. If the obvious mechanical causes, such as muscle strain, "kissing spines," and leg length inequality, have been ruled out, the more serious sources of low back pain, such as disk herniation, Scheuermann's disease (swimmer's back), compression fractures of the vertebral body, and stress fractures of the posterior elements, should be considered. Treatment goals for all these disorders include pain relief and prevention of further injury. PMID- 6227876 TI - Diaper dermatitis. Factors to consider in diagnosis and treatment. AB - Diaper dermatitis is a common problem in infants and young children. Although the pathogenesis of diaper dermatitis is not well defined, many associated factors have been identified, including individual predisposition to atopic or seborrheic dermatitis, occlusion and friction caused by the diaper, and overgrowth of bacteria and yeast. General treatment goals involve keeping the diaper area as dry as possible, washing the area as infrequently as possible, and avoiding tight fitting diapers. Petrolatum, talc, baking soda, and fluorinated topical steroidal medications should be avoided. If all else fails, toilet training provides the final answer. PMID- 6227877 TI - A comparison between a combination of ipratropium bromide plus fenoterol in a single metered dose inhaler (Duovent) and salbutamol in asthma. AB - The efficacy of a single metered dose inhaler containing a combination of fenoterol (100 micrograms/puff) and ipratropium bromide (40 micrograms/puff) has been assessed in 12 asthmatics. We conclude that the bronchodilator effect of 2 puffs of the combination inhaler was significantly greater than that achieved by 2 puffs of salbutamol (100 micrograms/puff). PMID- 6227879 TI - Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty in patients with unstable angina. AB - A comparison of clinical data has shown that percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty can be performed with equally good results in unstable and stable angina pectoris. Transluminal coronary angioplasty and coronary bypass surgery do not alter the natural progression of coronary atherosclerosis, but coronary angioplasty provides a real chance at least to postpone bypass graft surgery if not to provide lasting relief of angina. PMID- 6227878 TI - Immune complex glomerulonephritis and chronic anaerobic urinary infection- complications of filariasis. AB - We describe a patient with chyluria due to abdominal Bancroftian filariasis. The patient showed two unusual complications, an immune complex glomerulonephritis and a chronic urinary infection. We also discuss the use of the CT whole body scanner in the diagnosis and delineation of the extent of the disease. PMID- 6227880 TI - Anticholinergic drugs in airways obstruction. AB - This paper reviews briefly the place of ipratropium bromide in the treatment of airways obstruction. Oxitropium bromide, a new quaternary ammonium compound derived from scopolamine was shown to be as effective a bronchodilator in a dose of 200 micrograms by inhalation as ipratropium bromide 80 micrograms in 20 patients with atopic asthma. PMID- 6227881 TI - Transluminal coronary angioplasty immediately after intracoronary streptolysis in acute myocardial infarction. AB - Transluminal coronary angioplasty was performed in 21 of 64 patients with acute myocardial infarction treated initially with intracoronary streptolysis. Successful reduction of the coronary stenosis was achieved in 17 cases. Six months later 11 of 12 of these patients studied by coronary arteriography still had patent areas of previous coronary stenosis. PMID- 6227882 TI - [Significance of helper T-lymphocytes in bronchoalveolar lavage for the evaluation of the activity of pulmonary sarcoidosis]. PMID- 6227883 TI - [Effect of the inhalation of an atropine derivative (ipratropium bromide) in powder form on respiratory mechanics in obstructive airway diseases]. PMID- 6227884 TI - Possibilities of reducing the efficient dose of fenotherol by combining it with ipratropiumbromide in bronchial asthma. PMID- 6227885 TI - [Urinary infections in children]. PMID- 6227886 TI - [Kaposi's sarcoma and opportunistic infections in young patients without antecedents liable to involve immunodepression]. AB - The acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is characterized by the occurrence, in a subject under 60, of Kaposi's sarcoma and/or severe opportunistic infection due to deficiency of the normal cell-mediated immune defence mechanism against the causative agents. In a number of patients, AIDS is preceded by fever, weight loss, profuse sweating, polyadenopathy or diarrhoea. In an epidemiological study conducted by a French multidisciplinary group from March to December, 1982, 25 cases were collected, including 11 cases of isolated Kaposi's sarcoma, 3 cases of Kaposi's sarcoma plus opportunistic infection, and 15 cases of single or multiple opportunistic infection. From this study and international studies, several points of interest have emerged, viz: (1) AIDS is present in France under multiple clinical aspects; (2) a focus of endemic AIDS has been discovered first in Haiti, then in Equatorial Africa; (3) the cause of AIDS is unknown, though presumed to be a virus (retrovirus?); (4) the disease is characterized by selective deficiency of T4 ("helper") lymphocytes; (5) the subjects at risk are male homosexuals, especially those with several partners, but not as much in France as in the USA; (6) none of the French patients was a drug-addict or a haemophiliac. PMID- 6227887 TI - [Tuberculous meningitis in adults. Prognostic factors]. AB - Clinical and biochemical data likely to constitute prognostic factors were investigated in a retrospective study of 32 cases of tuberculous meningitis. Age appeared to be a much more important factor than the initial clinical severity of the disease and the delay of treatment. Over the age of 50 years, the mortality rate was doubled. There was no correlation between age and initial severity of the clinical picture. The number of cells and level of glucose in the CSF on admission were of no prognostic significance. CSF protein levels were higher in patients who died or developed complications than in those who made an uneventful recovery (p less than 0.05). The time required for temperature and CSF protein and glucose levels to return to normal had no prognostic value. An unfavourable or complicated course should be feared when CSF protein levels are higher than 7 g/l and in the presence of persistently low CSF glucose levels. PMID- 6227888 TI - [Hepatic biopsy by transvenous approach in hemopathies with coagulation disorders]. AB - Percutaneous liver biopsy is often contra-indicated in patients with blood diseases associated with disorders of coagulation. Transvenous liver biopsy was performed in 36 such patients who also presented with unexplained hepatic abnormalities. In 31 patients liver tissue sampling was sufficient for adequate evaluation of liver damage: malignant infiltration was confirmed in 21, and associated hepatic disorder was diagnosed in 10. Five patients had a histologically normal liver. This study shows that in patients with blood disease enough liver tissue can be obtained by transvenous biopsy for a diagnosis to be made. PMID- 6227889 TI - [Cardiac risks of adriamycin. Early detection of high-risk patients by isotopic cardiac function study]. AB - Adriamycin is known to be effective in the treatment of breast cancer. Serial radionuclide determinations of the left ejection fraction can provide advanced warning of adriamycin cardiotoxicity, prior to clinical signs of the left ventricular dysfunction. Patients at high risk of congestive heart failure can be detected. Depending on the results of the second course of chemotherapy, guidelines and criteria can be laid down to predict the appropriate time for drug discontinuation. PMID- 6227890 TI - [Esophageal pHmetry: comparison with clinical, endoscopic and histological data. Prospective study in 43 patients with suspected gastroesophageal reflux]. AB - In order to evaluate the relationship between gastro-oesophageal acid reflux, as defined by pH recording, and clinical, endoscopic and histological findings, 43 patients with suspected gastro-oesophageal reflux (21 with typical and 16 with atypical symptoms) underwent endoscopy with biopsy and post-prandial oesophageal pH recording with a calculated acid reflux score. The history of each patient was carefully recorded. An acid reflux score higher than the mean +/- S.D. normal values was taken as diagnostic of gastro-oesophageal reflux. This level was reached in 30 out of the 43 patients. History taking gave 13 false-positive results (3 in the typical symptoms group, and 10 in the atypical symptoms group). The sensitivity and specificity of fiberoptic endoscopy as a means of diagnosing gastro-oesophageal reflux were 47% and 77% respectively. Histological data were available from only 77% of the patients; their diagnostic sensitivity and specificity values were 73% and 82% respectively. The absence of correlation between the intensity of the gastro-oesophageal reflux, as measured by pH recordings, and the severity of symptoms and endoscopic findings deserves to be noted. PMID- 6227891 TI - [Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. A new disease of infectious origin?]. AB - The acquired immune deficiency syndrome appears to be associated with infection by lymphotropic virus or viruses eventually responsible for T-cell deficiency of extremely severe prognosis. The syndrome has been reported in the United States, in Haiti, in equatorial Africa and recently in Europe. Transmission of the causal infection by sexual and/or blood contacts may account for the occurrence of the disease in male homosexuals, in drug-addicts practising intravenous injections and in about ten haemophiliacs in the U.S.A. In the absence of serological and/or virological markers of the causative agent(s), the place of the lymphoadenopathic type and of localized forms of Kaposi's sarcoma remains to be defined. PMID- 6227892 TI - [Anastomosis of the low popliteal and leg arteries without clamping]. AB - Using an Esmarch's bandage and a lower thigh tourniquet makes it possible to suppress flow and backflow in arteries below the knees. Distal anastomosis without proximal and distal clamps can then be performed on arteries with pathological wall but with adequate residual lumen. The elective indication is bypass on partially calcified arteries of the leg. PMID- 6227893 TI - [Erythema nodosum. Treatment with potassium iodide]. PMID- 6227894 TI - [Association of angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy and vasculitis]. PMID- 6227895 TI - [Inflammatory purpura premonitory of HBs antigen-positive hepatitis]. PMID- 6227896 TI - [1st prenatal diagnosis of hemophilia A by direct puncture of the umbilical cord]. PMID- 6227897 TI - [Bilateral crural paralysis during a ride on a motorcycle]. PMID- 6227898 TI - [Amyloid cardiopathy disclosing Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia]. PMID- 6227899 TI - [Experimental diabetes. Disturbances of the carbohydrate metabolism of the endometrium]. PMID- 6227900 TI - [Fatal course of Corynebacterium JK group pneumopathy in bone marrow aplasia]. PMID- 6227901 TI - [Perianeurysmal retroperitoneal fibrosis]. PMID- 6227903 TI - [The psychology of the leukemic child and his family]. PMID- 6227902 TI - [The clinician must not refrain from breast cytopuncture]. PMID- 6227904 TI - [Lymphoscintigraphy and internal breast curettage in breast cancer. Comparison of results. 32 cases]. AB - Thirty-two women with breast cancer considered in active phase underwent, successively: internal mammary lymphoscintigraphy with 99m rhenium sulfide, chemotherapy and Pathey-type mastectomy with dissection of the axillary and internal mammary lymph nodes. Lymphoscintigraphy was successful in 97% of the cases, without complications. Its specificity was 0.88 (range: 0.76--0.99) and the sensitivity 0.6 (range: 0.19--0.92). Internal mammary lymph node dissection was technically successful in 87.5% of the cases; one patient developed chondritis. Thus, lymphoscintigraphy is usually successful, without morbidity and specific. However, it cannot pretend to provide a complete answer, as does internal mammary producing invaded lymph nodes. PMID- 6227905 TI - [Gammopathies with oligoclonal electrophoretic patterns. Incidence, immunochemical nature and association with neoplastic pathology]. AB - Electrophoretic study of 680 cases of human sera containing monoclonal bands showed an oligoclonal pattern in 92 cases (13.5%). Immunoelectrophoretic analysis of 52 oligoclonal cases showed various patterns: polyclonal in 12 cases, monoclonal in 23 cases, monoclonal with associated Bence Jones proteinemia in four cases, and biclonal in only 13 cases. In cases lacking immunoelectrophoretic evidence for the oligoclonal nature of gammopathy, a restricted heterogeneity in molecular weight of subunits was evidenced in 12 out of 27 cases. Associated diseases were investigated comparatively in the monoclonal and the oligoclonal groups. A significant increase in cancer aetiology was found in the oligoclonal group (p less than 0.0005). PMID- 6227906 TI - [Heart transplantation. Current status at La Pitie Hospital]. AB - Since 1972, 280 patients with severe irreversible myocardial damage have been referred to La Pitie Hospital, Paris, for heart transplantation; 95 were excluded on account of absolute contra-indications. Owing to the limited number of available transplants, only 66 of the 185 remaining patients were transplanted. Transplantation was orthotopic in all but 3 cases: 1 patient had heterotopic transplantation and 2 had heart-lung transplantation. The most common post operative problems were graft rejection and complications of the immunosuppressive treatment; 82% of the transplanted patients were discharged 2 months on average after surgery; 47% overcame the first year problems and resumed an almost normal social and professional life; 21 are still alive, one of them after 9 years. During the last 2 years, technical refinements and the advent of more potent immunosuppressive agents (anti-lymphocyte serum from rabbits, cyclosporin A) and better diagnostic methods (repeated endomyocardial biopsies and immunological surveillance) have resulted in considerable improvement in the patients' outcome, with an actuarial survival rate of 77% at one year and 70% at two years. Since transplants are now better tolerated after the second year and since they possess remarkably good and durable functional properties, this reduction in early and late mortality, which used to be the main cause of failure, raises hopes of a marked increase in prolonged and satisfactory survival. PMID- 6227907 TI - [Conservative treatment of esophagus ruptures and perforations. Esophageal diversion by minimal pharyngostomy]. AB - In ruptures or perforation of the oesophagus, the difficult choice between conservative methods (suture or drainage) and total exclusion of the organ can be avoided by minimal pharyngostomy. This procedure, which supersedes lateral oesophagostomy and makes use of an aspiration silicone-lined catheter to divert the oesophageal contents, is simple, rapid, effective and reversible. It is carried out in a region devoid of dangerous anatomical variants, in the avascular space below the greater cornu of the hyoid bone (a palpable landmark), the incision being made on the convexity of a curved clamp which pushes back the pharyngeal wall at the level of the sinus pyriformis. This technique has been used in 13 patients with satisfactory results. PMID- 6227908 TI - [Persistence of the neurologic risk of clioquinol]. PMID- 6227909 TI - [Importance of the scintigraphic study of the esophagus in the diagnosis of idiopathic megaesophagus. Use in pharmacologic and postoperative studies]. PMID- 6227910 TI - [Intramedullary sarcoidosis. A histologically confirmed study]. PMID- 6227911 TI - [Atrophic lipodystrophies appearing during human insulin treatment]. PMID- 6227912 TI - [Spontaneous resolution of post-cholecystectomy retention icterus]. PMID- 6227913 TI - [Horton's disease. Study of HLA group. Apropos of 3 familial cases]. PMID- 6227914 TI - [Insulin-dependent diabetes. Value of apples in nutrition]. PMID- 6227915 TI - [Pneumococcus in abdominal pathology]. PMID- 6227916 TI - Genetic recombination of bacteriophage lambda DNAs in Xenopus oocytes. AB - Pairs of genetically marked bacteriophage lambda DNAs have been injected into Xenopus laevis oocyte nuclei. After suitable incubation, DNA was recovered and packaged into phage particles in vitro. When these were plated onto a selective host, phage recombinant for parental markers were observed. Recombination was dependent on both parents being present in the same oocyte nucleus and was roughly proportional to the physical separation of the markers. Thus, the oocytes appear to contain the machinery necessary for performing typical genetic recombination. This system offers a great deal of scope and flexibility for future studies of recombination mechanisms at the molecular level in vertebrates. PMID- 6227917 TI - Genetic analysis of the folding pathway for the tail spike protein of phage P22. AB - Temperature-sensitive mutations in the gene encoding the trimeric tail spike protein of phage P22 interfere with protein maturation at 39 degrees C. We show here that temperature-sensitive mutations at many sites block the folding pathway prior to accumulation of the partially folded protrimer intermediate. Temperature shift experiments indicate that at least some of the mutants accumulate an earlier intermediate in the folding pathway. Immunoprecipitation experiments suggest that the conformation of the isolated temperature-sensitive polypeptide chains is closer to that of the unfolded chain than to that of the mature spike formed at permissive temperature. The sites of these mutations probably represent amino acid sequences that play key roles during the folding of the tail spike polypeptide chain but are not important in the mature protein. PMID- 6227919 TI - Influence of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) on cholesterol metabolism in rats. AB - Wistar rats were fed semipurified diets containing 0.5% of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) for 14 days. DHEA feeding resulted in weight loss and slight liver enlargement. It did not affect serum triglyceride levels but increased serum cholesterol levels. Liver triglyceride levels of DHEA-fed rats were significantly lower than in controls. DHEA inhibited cholesterol absorption. Liver slices from DHEA-fed rats incorporated more acetate into cholesterol than controls; there were no differences in conversion of mevalonate. PMID- 6227918 TI - Mechanisms of integration of de novo-synthesized polypeptides into membranes: signal-recognition particle is required for integration into microsomal membranes of calcium ATPase and of lens MP26 but not of cytochrome b5. AB - We have investigated the in vitro integration into dog pancreas microsomal membranes of three integral membrane proteins that were synthesized de novo in a wheat germ cell-free translation system: calcium ATPase of rabbit sarcoplasmic reticulum, MP26 of bovine lens fiber plasma membrane, and rat liver cytochrome b5. Biosynthetically these proteins show a common feature in that they are synthesized without a transient NH2-terminal signal sequence. Two of these proteins, ATPase and MP26, were shown to require the recently discovered signal recognition particle (SRP) [Walter, P. & Blobel, G. (1982) Nature (London) 299, 691-698] for integration. By this criterion, therefore, they each contain at least one uncleaved signal sequence. Surprisingly, however, the uncleaved signal sequence(s) of these two proteins did not induce the characteristic SRP-mediated translation arrest that was previously shown for a cleaved signal sequence. Unlike ATPase and MP26, cytochrome b5 did not require SRP for integration into microsomal membrane. Thus, the distinction between an "insertion" sequence (specifying unassisted and opportunistic integration into any exposed membrane) and a "signal" sequence (directing integration into a specific membrane by a receptor-mediated mechanism) is a valid one. By assaying for SRP dependence, the two mechanisms of integration can now be experimentally distinguished. PMID- 6227920 TI - [Synthetic serine protease inhibitors. 29. Synthesis of alpha-arylsulphonylamino beta-(4-amidinophenyl)ethyl-chloromethylketones and their inhibitory activity against trypsin, plasmin and thrombin]. AB - The synthesis of alpha-arylsulphonylamino-beta-(4-amidinophenyl)ethyl chloromethylketones, the structures of which correspond largely to those of the antiproteolytically very potent N alpha-arylsulphonylated 4 amidinophenylalaninamides, was realized starting from 4-cyanophenylalanine hydrochloride. After N alpha-arylsulphonylation this compound was converted via the acid chlorides by treatment with diazomethane into alpha-arylsulphonylamino beta-(4-cyanophenyl)ethyl-diazomethylketones from which the corresponding chloromethylketones were afforded by treatment with concentrated hydrochloric acid. The conversion of the cyano function into the amidine function via the thiocarbamoyl and the thioimidic acid esters yielded the compounds named in the title. The substances produced no irreversible inhibition of the serine proteinases trypsin, plasmin and thrombin. Their competitive inhibitory effect was almost as potent as that of N alpha-arylsulphonylated 4-amidinophenylalanine ethylesters. PMID- 6227921 TI - Effect of phosphorylation and dinitrophenylation on chicken gizzard myosin. AB - Treatment of phosphorylated chicken gizzard myosin which had incorporated 1.5 mol of phosphate per 4.7 x 10(5) g of protein with 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene resulted in the modification of the heavy and light chains when 5.8 mol of the reagent were bound to myosin. Concurrently, the K+-ATPase activity was inhibited and the modified myosin possessed actin activated-ATPase activity. Thiolysis of nearly 2 mol of the dinitrophenyl group mainly from the heavy chains (and some light chains) of the modified myosin with 2-mercaptoethanol restored the K+ ATPase activity. Digestion of phosphorylated gizzard myosin with chymotrypsin or papain occurred to a lesser extent than a control myosin. Chymotryptic fragments of phosphorylated and dinitrophenylated myosin were formed at a faster rate than those of dinitrophenylated myosin alone suggesting that phosphorylation of the light chain of Mr 20,000 altered the susceptibility of the heavy chains of myosin to proteolysis. Phosphorylation of dinitrophenylated gizzard myosin which had incorporated 5.5 mol of 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene per 4.7 x 10(5) g of protein was the same as that of a control myosin; this was also the case for the thiolyzed dinitrophenylated myosin. In the absence of calcium, phosphorylation of control and dinitrophenylated myosins decreased by 73% suggesting that the phosphorylation reaction was calcium dependent. Phosphorylation and dinitrophenylation induced conformational changes in the light chains of gizzard myosin that may be involved in maintaining the structure of the heavy chain region. PMID- 6227922 TI - Circadian rhythm of bone marrow and thymus lipids in rats. PMID- 6227923 TI - A preliminary evaluation of conductive education. PMID- 6227924 TI - Treating backache--a topical comment. PMID- 6227925 TI - The psychoanalytic literature on siblings. PMID- 6227926 TI - Community dispersion or problem resolution?: hypothetical plight of community residential patients with appendicitis. PMID- 6227927 TI - Death anxiety and attitudes toward disabled persons. PMID- 6227928 TI - Prolactin and cortisol in cerebrospinal fluid: sex-related associations with clinical and psychological characteristics of patients with low back pain. AB - Clinical and psychological characteristics of 33 patients with low back pain were correlated with prolactin and cortisol concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). A significant sex difference was found in CSF prolactin levels: women secreted more prolactin into the CSF than did men. High CSF cortisol levels were associated with a rhizographically-demonstrable abnormality, suggesting a relationship between cortisol and an 'organic' origin of pain symptoms. Impairment-disability indices also were associated with CSF hormone levels. Moreover, the two hormones had dissociated psychological correlates. Prolactin was related to depression and anxiety, whereas cortisol was related to somatization. Sex differences were observed in the cortisol response to the symptoms of chronic low back pain, especially in the presence of anxiety and somatization. The sex differences in psychoneuroendocrine and emotional responses suggest that male and female pain patients have different coping mechanisms. PMID- 6227929 TI - [Benign disorders of soft tissue on the roentgen computer tomogram]. AB - Diagnostic procedures of soft tissue lesions have considerably improved by the high density resolution of computed tomography. Indications for investigations by CT are described in detail and illustrated by examples. Enhancement by contrast medium enables further differentiation of the tumors. In most cases for cancer control the scar tissue can be differentiated from relapse. Comparison of both sides reveals isodense tumors. Limits of the CT method will be met in looking for discreet changes in the joints. PMID- 6227930 TI - Prostaglandins and angioplasty. An experimental study in canine arteries. AB - To prevent platelet aggregation following percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA), cyclooxygenase inhibitors such as acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) and indomethacin are recommended. However, ASA blocks both the proaggregating effects of thromboxane (TXA2) and the antiaggregating and vasodilating effects of prostacyclin (PGI2). The authors measured the contractile response of dilated canine carotid arteries in situ and in vitro using an isometric force transducer. Following PTA, contraction of the arterial wall was significantly reduced (p less than 0.01). By blocking cyclooxygenase with indomethacin (3 micrograms/ml), contraction was greatly improved (p less than 0.001). These results suggest that PTA may result in marked release of prostacyclin by the damaged arterial wall, which could account for the decreased responsiveness of the artery to exogenous norepinephrine. PMID- 6227931 TI - Serial lung scintigraphy: utility in diagnosis of pulmonary embolism. AB - Pairs of sequential perfusion lung scans and pulmonary angiograms obtained in 45 patients were reviewed to investigate the utility of short-term, sequential scintigraphy in the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism (PE). Forty-six sequential scan pairs were reviewed; 13 were ventilation-perfusion (V-P) pairs. Angiograms were obtained within 48 hours of either the first (65%) or second (35%) perfusion scan in each pair. Sequential scintigraphic patterns were classified as showing change (i.e., improvement in defects, new defects), no change, or as being indeterminate. A changing perfusion pattern was associated with a high (20/23) likelihood of PE, but seven of 16 patients with stable perfusion patterns also had PE. The sensitivity of a changing perfusion pattern for PE was 0.74 (20/27) and its specificity was 0.75 (9/12). In two of six patients who had serial V-P studies that showed changing perfusion defects, there were matched changes in regional ventilation and angiograms were negative. The findings suggest that short-term serial perfusion lung scanning may aid the scintigraphic diagnosis of PE in certain circumstances. Serial V-P imaging is needed, however, to maximize diagnostic specificity. PMID- 6227932 TI - Lung scan interpretation: effect of different observers and different criteria. AB - Many nuclear medicine physicians use criteria put forth by McNeil or Biello et al. to interpret lung scintigrams, while others use an integration of these and other reported or personal criteria. Interobserver variation within these schemes has not been assessed, nor have the schemes been compared with each other using the same set of scans. Two experienced nuclear medicine physicians independently read 98 scans that were collected over a two year period and that had angiographic correlation. Perfusion, ventilation, and radiographic abnormalities were described objectively, and each case was assigned to a McNeil category, a Biello category, and an estimate of probability was made based on the reader's own synthesis of criteria (modified criteria). The two readers differed widely in describing the number, size, and location of abnormalities. Despite the large interobserver variation in objective descriptions, there were no statistically significant differences between the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves for each reader. When the ROC curves for each set of criteria were compared, the results did not confirm that one set of criteria was clearly superior to another. The Biello and modified criteria did classify fewer cases as indeterminate or intermediate probability without a drop in overall accuracy. When data were subdivided by year, analysis still showed no statistically significant differences between criteria or readers. There was, however, a significant difference (P less than .001) in overall accuracy when ROC curves for the two years were compared. This has implications for data obtained in retrospective studies of lung scintigraphy. PMID- 6227933 TI - The radionuclide renogram as a predictor of relative renal blood flow. AB - Radionuclide renograms obtained with Tc-99m-DTPA were used to calculate relative renal blood flow in 16 dogs. In 13 of these dogs, relative blood flow ratios (R:L) calculated from the renograms were correlated with ratios measured with an electromagnetic flowmeter or with radiolabeled microspheres. The results indicate that Tc-99m-DTPA renograms can be used to make an accurate prediction of relative renal blood flow. PMID- 6227934 TI - Cardiac imaging using gated magnetic resonance. AB - To overcome the limitations of magnetic resonance (MR) cardiac imaging using nongated data acquisition, three methods for acquiring a gating signal, which could be applied in the presence of a magnetic field, were tested: an air-filled plethysmograph, a laser-Doppler capillary perfusion flowmeter, and an electrocardiographic gating device. The gating signal was used for timing of MR imaging sequences (IS). Application of each gating method yielded significant improvements in structural MR image resolution of the beating heart, although with both plethysmography and laser-Doppler velocimetry it was difficult to obtain cardiac images from the early portion of the cardiac cycle due to an intrinsic delay between the ECG R wave and peripheral detection of the gating signal. Variations in the temporal relationship between the R wave and plethysmographic and laser-Doppler signals produced inconsistencies in the timing of IS. Since the ECG signal is virtually free of these problems, the preferable gating technique is IS synchronization with an electrocardiogram. The gated images acquired with this method provide sharp definition of internal cardiac morphology and can be temporarily referenced to end diastole and end systole or intermediate points. PMID- 6227935 TI - Computed tomography of the spine: curved coronal reformations from serial images. AB - A new imaging format described here uses nonplanar reformations that follow the contour of curved structures intersected by a series of regularly spaced CT scans. The CT scanning procedure is described, and algorithmic details of this new format are presented. A standard set of reformatted images is suggested, and clinical examples are given to illustrate the diagnostic value of this new format. PMID- 6227936 TI - Nurses' rights: on the job injuries/illnesses. Case in point: Maher v. WCA Bd., San Clemente Gen. Hosp. (190 Cal. Rptr. 904 - CA). PMID- 6227937 TI - [Treatment of gonorrhea with spectinomycin]. PMID- 6227938 TI - [Evaluation of the chemotactic capacity of polymorphonuclear granulocytes in severe seborrheic dermatoses]. PMID- 6227939 TI - [The most common occupational dermatoses in metallurgy workers]. PMID- 6227940 TI - [Fungal infections of the skin and nails in patients treated at the District Dermatological Outpatient Clinic in Cracow 1978-1981]. PMID- 6227941 TI - [Coexistence of 2 paraneoplastic syndromes - acrokeratosis bazex and Leser-Trelat syndrome - in a case of squamous-cell laryngeal cancer]. PMID- 6227942 TI - [Atloido-axoid surgery by a transoral approach]. AB - The author has approached 18 atlanto-axial joints in 15 years by a transoral approach. Fourteen of the lesions were post traumatic, two congenital, one rheumatoid and one a tumour. It is concluded that the approach is a valuable one provided that there is adequate surgical technique, good antiseptic preparation, antibiotic therapy, provisional peroperative tracheostomy and special retractors. Use of adequate suture is also important. In some cases, magnification was needed. Medullary monitoring may also be helpful. The author estimates that the approach is more effective than extrabuccal techniques since it allows a direct exposure of the lesion. Large excisions are possible followed by reconstruction and grafting. It also allows screw fixation of the odontoid process. Two patients among earlier cases became infected but without serious long-term complications. Remaining cases have uncomplicated follow-up. PMID- 6227943 TI - [Technics and strategy in the treatment of severe paralytic scoliosis]. AB - Sixty-three paralytic scolioses with severe disability have been treated between 1973 and 1982. Fifty-two were due to poliomyelitis. The average angular deformity was 95.8 degrees and was related to delay in treatment and rapid progress of the curve. All cases were operated on. Spine fusion was performed either by the anterior approach (Dwyer or V.D.S.) or by a posterior approach (Harrington or Harrington - Luque). The pre-operative management was based on Cotrel or Halo traction. There were several complications - three non-unions, three neurological impairments, and nine cases of sepsis. It was concluded that the pre-operative management should be as short as possible, that the spine fusions should be done systematically and that any paralytic scoliosis increasing by more than 10 degrees a year between the ages of 8 and 10 years should be operated on early. This type of treatment should lower the incidence of severe disability and allow good functional and educational rehabilitation. The degree of diminished growth of the spine was moderate. PMID- 6227944 TI - [3-dimensional approach to spinal deformities. Application to the study of the prognosis of pediatric scoliosis]. AB - The authors have utilized a computer for a spatial analysis of deformities of the spine using antero-posterior and lateral radiographs. The posterior limits of the sacral plateau and the centre of each vertebral plateau was demarcated on the antero-posterior radiograph. The posterior margin of each vertebra was demarcated on the lateral radiograph. With this information, the computer can make a picture as if the spine were seen from above and vertebral rotation can be assessed. The vertebrae are of different colours according to their level. Thirty cases have been studied and six types of infantile scoliosis defined - scoliosis with a localised hyper-rotation like a hairpin, scoliosis with rotary dislocation at the junction of two rotational levels, infantile scoliosis with a moderate curve, progressive scoliosis, benign scoliosis and spontaneously regressive scoliosis of the newborn. This study was shown that prognostic features were in accordance with classical assessments. PMID- 6227945 TI - [How to perform oblique-plane osteotomy]. AB - Oblique plane osteotomy allows correction of associated angular and rotational deformity by a single bony section and also allows modification of the existing angle at the cervico-diaphyseal level in the femur. Exact assessment of the direction of the osteotomy and of extent of rotation are essential to success. This paper proposes a simple method by use of a table and performance is facilitated by the of Kirschner wires. PMID- 6227946 TI - [Experimental study of a growing acetabulum shelf (vascularized graft)]. AB - The author has operated on 50 immature rabbits to perform a vascularised transplantation of the growing iliac crest to replace the rim of the acetabulum. Vascularity was preserved through the vascular pedicle and there was no need for vascular anastomosis. The results were assessed radiologically and by histological studies. The subsequent growth of the transplanted epiphysis could be illustrated in 15 out of 16 cases. The growing shelf had the advantage of good adaptation to the shape of the femoral head and produced a satisfactory physiological result. PMID- 6227947 TI - [Luxations of the Charnley type and Kerboull-modified Charnley-type total prostheses]. AB - The authors have observed 82 dislocations in a series of 4833 total hip prostheses of the Charnley or modified Charnley type. This represents 1.7 p. 100 of the cases. In 26 instances, the hip dislocated only once. In other instances, the dislocation became recurrent. Several factors favoured the incidence of dislocation and could be corrected - malposition of the prosthetic components as shown in radiographs, leverage due to ossification or hypertrophic synovium, and non-union after division of the greater trochanter. In 17 instances, no reason could be found except muscle atrophy. This type of case was difficult to treat and continued to dislocate later. PMID- 6227948 TI - [Total arthroplasty of the hip. Periarticular ossifications and ankylosing vertebral hyperostosis (Forestier's disease)]. AB - A retrospective study was made on 536 patients in whom a Charnley-Muller total hip prosthesis had been inserted. Two hundred and seventeen cases were available for follow-up, 121 of them having signs of diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (Forestier's Disease) which is common in the elderly. Peri prosthetic ossification was found in 46 p. 100 of patients with hyperostosis and in only 24 p. 100 of patients without it (p = less than 0,01). In both groups the ossification was more frequent in men than in women (p = less than 0,001 in the hyperostosis group and less than 0,03 in the controlled group). In cases of bilateral prostheses, ossification was identical on both sides in 81 p. 100 of cases. Only 66 p. 100 of the men with hyperostosis obtained satisfactory postoperative hip mobility as against 83 p. 100 of men in the control group (p = 0,05). The difference was not significant in women. Pain was relieved in 93 p. 100 of patients with hyperostosis with no significant difference from the control group. It is concluded that the existence of diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis is not a contra-indication to total hip replacement provided that the main complaint of the patient is of pain. PMID- 6227949 TI - [Hinge prosthesis of the knee. Apropos of 185 cases]. AB - On hundred and ninety-five hinge prostheses have been inserted between 1970 and 1981, most of them of the G.U.E.P.A.R. type. One hundred and forty-three were followed up. The etiology of five per-operative deaths is discussed. It is concluded that this dramatic event was related to gas embolism. Precautions necessary to avoid such accidents are described particularly at the time of release of the tourniquet. There were 11 cases of sepsis, eight loosenings and four post-operative fractures of the femur or tibia. The functional results were found to be satisfactory but better with the G.U.E.P.A.R. type than with the Shiers prosthesis. Most of the post-operative pain originated from the patella; this aspect of the pain should be able to be avoided by systematic use of patellar resurfacing. The authors conclude that a hinge prosthesis should be used only in cases of severe deformity, of severe instability or in cases of failure of resurfacing procedures. PMID- 6227950 TI - [Popliteal vascular injuries. Prognostic classification]. AB - Despite recent advances in the treatment of vascular injuries, the prognosis of injuries to the popliteal vessels is still poor with an incidence of 10-40 p. 100 of amputations recorded in the literature. Mortality rate is 4 p. 100. The authors have seen 13 cases and have studied seven factors influencing the prognosis - the duration of ischaemia, the general condition of the patient, the type of lesion, the state of the veins, the severity of the ischaemia, the level of the lesion and associated soft tissue injury and wounds. Each of the parameters has been assessed with a grade proportional to its severity. The summation of the grades leads to a division into three degrees of increasing severity and allows an early prognosis to be made. In the most severe degree of the lesion, amputation should be performed immediately. Twenty-one attempts at conservative surgery resulted in success in only four cases, with 17 amputations and four deaths among these. PMID- 6227951 TI - [A case of simultaneous luxation of the metacarpophalangeal and interphalangeal joints of the thumb]. AB - A rare case of simultaneous dislocation of the interphalangeal and metacarpo phalangeal joints of the thumb is reported. The displacement was first reduced conservatively and the ligaments of the metacarpo-phalangeal joint repaired surgically at a later date. The result was satisfactory. PMID- 6227952 TI - [Charnley-type total hip prosthesis. Radiological technic of angular measurements of the acetabular piece (anteversion)]. AB - A radiological technique is described based on the study of antero-posterior and lateral views of the hip. Mathematical calculations by trigonometry make it possible to deduce the degree of anteversion of the acetabular cup. The necessary tables are given. PMID- 6227953 TI - [Lipoprotein lipase: review]. PMID- 6227954 TI - [Transluminal angioplasty with the Gruntzig catheter in aortic coarctation]. PMID- 6227955 TI - [An interview with Dr. Jose Antonio Canut Brusola, professor at the School of Dentistry in Valencia]. PMID- 6227956 TI - [Diagnostic and therapeutic bases of cancer of the ovary]. PMID- 6227957 TI - Intra-arterial infusion in tumors of the pelvis. PMID- 6227958 TI - Prolonged and continuous percutaneous intra-arterial hepatic infusion chemotherapy in advanced metastatic liver adenocarcinoma from colorectal primary. PMID- 6227959 TI - Intrahepatic chemotherapy in isolated liver metastases. PMID- 6227960 TI - Respite care services: an evaluation of the perceptions of parents and workers. PMID- 6227961 TI - The stage model revisited. PMID- 6227963 TI - Chest wall movements during inspiratory loading in dogs. AB - In 12 anesthetized mongrel dogs the changes in movements of the rib cage (RC) and abdomen (ABD) were studied during inspiratory loading for 15 min. Tracheal (Pm) and transdiaphragmatic (Pdi) pressures increased to 60-65% of their maxima and were maintained for the 15-min period of loading. Analysis of the EMGs of the diaphragm and intercostals revealed approximately equal recruitment of both these muscle groups. Two types of breathing patterns were observed: (1) abdominal, or normal (9/12 dogs), in which the ABD moved outward during inspiration, and (2) rib cage (3/12 dogs) in which the RC moved outward and the ABD inward during inspiration. The latter were those in whom the ratio of RC width to length was the greatest, and the RC was, presumably, able to resist deformation during inspiration. In most of the abdominal (normal) breathers two phases of RC motion could be seen an initial phase which was either outward or inward, and a final, early expiratory, phase of outward motion. The data indicate that the initial phase of RC motion is influenced by the relative compliance of the RC and ABD, while the final phase relates to the respiratory system rebounding to its relaxation configuration at the onset of respiration. PMID- 6227962 TI - Papain-induced emphysema: the influence of preliminary oxygenation. AB - Rats were exposed for 7 days to an oxygen concentration of 85% and then submitted to an aerosol of papain, immediately, 3, 7 or 15 days after this exposure. The number of animals dying increased as the time between the administration of papain and the end of the exposure to oxygen increased. The quantification of emphysema was made by measurement of the mean linear intercept (LM). The LM does not differ between animals pretreated with oxygen and which have received papain, immediately or after 3 days, and the controls in air not having received papain. On the contrary, the animals pretreated with oxygen and having received papain 7 or 15 days later show a significantly higher LM than do the controls in air having received papain. The protection of the lung against the elastolytic effect of papain by a preliminary stay in 85% O2 is short-term; its mechanism is discussed. PMID- 6227964 TI - Mechanical role of the abdominal muscles in relation to posture. AB - Abdominal muscle activity was studied in 10 normal naive subjects during quiet breathing in different body positions. Electromyograms of the upper and lower portions of the external oblique and rectus abdominis were recorded with bipolar needle electrodes and changes in abdominal and rib cage displacements were measured using linearized magnetometers. The abdominal muscles were always silent in the supine posture. In contrast, 8 of the 10 subjects showed tonic abdominal muscle activity in the standing posture and 4 of the subjects did so also in the 45 degrees head-down position; when present, this activity was always greater in the dependent (where the hydrostatic pressure was greater) than in the non dependent portion of the muscles. Tonic abdominal muscle activity was associated with a reduction of abdominal volume throughout the respiratory cycle and a reduction of the end-expiratory lung volume below the neutral position of the respiratory system. We conclude that (1) tonic activity is present in the abdominal muscles in most standing subjects, (2) this activity is primarily related to the magnitude of hydraulic pressure exerted by the abdominal contents on the abdominal wall, and (3) in most normal individuals standing at rest, the end-expiratory position is at least in part actively determined. Such an abdominal muscle use, although causing quiet breathing to depart from the relaxed abdominothoracic configuration, may be associated with minimum respiratory work. PMID- 6227965 TI - Probable strain differences of rats in susceptibilities and cardiopulmonary responses to chronic hypoxia. AB - Susceptibility to chronic hypoxia in the form of simulated high altitude (HA) have been compared in the adult male Hilltop (H) and Madison (M) Sprague-Dawley rats in terms of their metabolic, hematological and cardiopulmonary responses. Following exposure to either 18 000 or 20 000 ft for 30-40 days, 60-70% of the H rats died or became obviously morbid in contrast to a total absence of morbidity or mortality in the M rats. Autopsy of dead and morbid H rats revealed abdominal and pleural effusions. Oxygen consumption remained normal in both H and M rats. Hematocrits were slightly higher in the H rats than in the M rats. The lungs of both strains were hypertrophied but they showed no evidence of edema or gross lesions. The peak right ventricular pressures of the H and M strains were 73.6 +/ 7.4 and 49.5 +/- 6.5 mm Hg (mean +/- SD), respectively. The percent increase in total ventricular, right and left ventricular weights per 100 g body weights in the H rats were 80, 300 and 30, respectively, as compared to 20, 200 and 0 in the M rats. These changes suggest that the greater susceptibility to chronic HA exposure observed in the H rats is related to a more severe right ventricular overloading and perhaps failure, secondary to a more extreme pulmonary hypertension. PMID- 6227966 TI - [The teaching of pediatric dentistry in a modular teaching clinic]. PMID- 6227967 TI - Immunoinhibitory elements in human colostrum. PMID- 6227968 TI - [Details of the non-specific treatment of cerebrovascular coma]. PMID- 6227969 TI - [Possibilities and limitations of investigation and assessment of the psychomotor aptitudinal potential of mental patients with institutionalized regimens. II]. PMID- 6227970 TI - [Evaluation of the level of mental health in a group of students]. PMID- 6227971 TI - [Neuropsychic symptoms recorded in Romanian chronicles and old writings]. PMID- 6227972 TI - [Empirical practices "to discover and cure mental diseases" in Romania medicine of the past]. PMID- 6227973 TI - [The "organic nature" of infantile autism. I]. PMID- 6227974 TI - [Clinico-therapeutic aspects of cerebral abscesses of unknown origin]. PMID- 6227975 TI - [Nephrectomy and permanent partial incapacity]. PMID- 6227976 TI - [Organization of specialized rheumatological care for the population of the Georgian SSR]. PMID- 6227977 TI - [Clinical aspects of rheumatoid arthritis in children of Crimean Province]. PMID- 6227978 TI - [Rational classification of filling materials and organic matrix bonding materials]. PMID- 6227979 TI - [Significance of skeletal scintigraphy for oncological practice]. AB - Our experiences with more than 2000 bone scintigrams in 803 tumour patients underline the high ranking of skeletal scintigraphy in oncology. Among our patients--who, as a matter of fact, represented a selected material--the rate of false negative scintigraphs was less than 1%. The incidence mentioned in literature is between 1 and 3% (6, 11, 38, 41). By balanced and differentiated assessment of bone scintigrams and analogous x-ray films (plain radiographs, spot film radiographs, if necessary x-ray tomograms), taking into consideration storage anomalies in respect of localization, form and storage intensity, false positive results can be reduced to a minimum; as a matter of fact, we believe that in oncology patients the quota of false-positive results can be reduced to less than 3%. In tumour patients, the question as to whether there are any bone metastases, can be correctly answered with a probability of about 96% by means of skeletal scintigraphic imaging and the analogous x-ray film as a complementary examination. The bone scintigram is excellently suited for effecting malignoma staging. It is, in fact, superior to all other methods. Skeletal scintigraphic imaging enables the identification of metastases earlier than any other method. It is the most sensitive primary search method which can be utilized for on target application of x-ray diagnostic methods. Both solitary and multiple osseous metastases can be accurately localized by scintigraphy. The early identification of skeletal metastases in skeletal regions with endangered stability, is particularly important, since an impending spontaneous fracture can be prevented by osteosynthesis or local radiation therapy. Changes in the growth of metastases under radiation and/or chemotherapy can be reliably observed by scintigraphic follow-ups, and can be assessed to determine whether there is a continued growth or a remission. If scintigram and x-ray film are employed side by side--a procedure which is imperative during first examination and later with specific courses of the disease, the low grade specificity of scintigraphy is largely compensated by the x-ray method. PMID- 6227980 TI - [Phage pattern of Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from the mouth and the nose of healthy people]. PMID- 6227981 TI - T-cell immunoregulatory functions in rheumatoid arthritis patients. AB - We have studied the immunoregulatory function of T8+ (suppressor/cytotoxic) and Leu3a+ (inducer/helper) T cells from rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients by measuring the effect of these T-cell subpopulations on the generation of immunoglobulin-secreting cells by normal allogeneic B cells after stimulation with pokeweed mitogen (PWM) in vitro. When T8+ or Leu3a+ cells from blood or synovial tissue from nine patients were substituted for T8+ or Leu3a+ cells, respectively, from normal blood mononuclear cells (MNC), RA T8+ cells showed an increased suppressor activity, whereas RA Leu3a+ cells were, except for one patient, weak augmentors. Unreplaced normal MNC and MNC replaced with allogeneic normal T-cell subpopulations responded equally to PWM. When T8+ plus Leu3a+ cells from the same patient replaced normal T cells, high B-cell responses were detected. Normal T8+ plus Leu3a+ cells generally supported the response to a lower degree. Substitution with two allogeneic T-cell subpopulations did not result in a B-cell response to PWM. Thus, whereas RA T8+ seemed to be strong suppressors and RA Leu3a+ cells weak augmentors by themselves, together they are possibly able to generate a B-cell stimulatory potential that might be of pathogenetic significance in the patients. PMID- 6227982 TI - An OKT4+ T-cell population with suppressor activity in Sezary syndrome. AB - This report describes a case of Sezary syndrome with the surface marker phenotype of a mature distinct T-cell subset OKT3+, OKT4+, OKT8-, OKT17+, OKIal-(+). Functional studies indicated that the patient's peripheral blood cells showed a very low proliferative response to non-specific mitogens (phytohaemagglutinin, concanavalin A, pokeweed mitogen) and failed to differentiate into plasma cells in a pokeweed mitogen--immunoglobulin-synthesis-driven system. In coculture with normal cells the leukaemic cells were able to suppress lectin-induced T-cell proliferation and B-cell differentiation in a dose-dependent manner. Suppressor function was not radiosensitive and did not require the presence of the OKT8+ subset for expression. These Sezary cells thus represent a suppressive T-cell subset within the OKT4+ population. This subset may well correspond to the recently described OKT4+, OKT17+ normal suppressor cells. These findings would therefore illustrate a pathological and possibly clonal expansion of a normal OKT4+ suppressor T-cell subset. PMID- 6227983 TI - Kinetic analysis of subset growth and B-cell activation in pokeweed mitogen stimulated cultures of peripheral blood mononuclear cells depleted of or enriched for OKT8+ cells. AB - Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMN) that were depleted of OKT8+ cells and stimulated with pokeweed mitogen (PWM) produced higher cell yields and higher numbers of plaque-forming cells than unfractionated PBMN. Conversely, OKT8 enriched PBMN, prepared by mixing unfractionated and OKT8+ cells in a ratio of 3:1, gave reduced cell growth and B-cell activation. In OKT8-depleted cultures, B cells, OKT4+ cells, OKT8+ cells, and OKM1+ cells increased in number between days 4 and 7 of culture by factors of 9.8, 5.9, 20.1, and 5.6 respectively, whereas growth rates for these subsets were 2.4, 1.0, 2.0, and 1.3 in unfractionated cultures and 0.9, 1.0, 1.2, and 0.6 in cultures enriched for OKT8+ cells. On day 7 of culture, 73 +/- 10% of B cells secreted immunoglobulin in unfractionated cultures, whereas only 21 +/- 10% of B cells were activated in OKT8-enriched cultures. Surprisingly, PWM stimulation of OKT8-depleted PBMN produced only 40 +/ 12% activated B cells. PMID- 6227984 TI - A disposable uroflowmeter for recording of maximum flow rate. Accuracy and clinical acceptability. AB - A disposable urinary flowmeter (Peakometer) was evaluated in regard to accuracy of measurement and acceptability by patients. Laboratory tests of measurement accuracy were made with five Peakometers as recordings of maximum flow rate and voided volume. The accuracy was found to be acceptable. A minimum voided volume of 200 ml is recommended for a reasonably exact recording of maximum flow rate. Ten patients aged 28-86 years tested the acceptability of the Peakometer. All were able to use the apparatus correctly and to register maximum flow rate and voided volume of urine in accordance with written standardized instructions. The disposable flowmeter can be recommended for patients who live far from their hospital, thus saving time and transport costs. Clinics with relatively few patients requiring urinary flow studies may use the disposable flowmeters, instead of investing in relatively expensive electronic apparatus. PMID- 6227985 TI - Intraabdominal pressure and trunk muscle activity during lifting--effect of abdominal muscle training in healthy subjects. AB - Isometric training of the abdominal muscles is recommended as a preventive measure against low back complaints in the hope that the increased strength of the abdominal muscles should result in an increased intraabdominal pressure when lifting. There is, however, neither experimental nor clinical proof of this hypothesis. Twenty healthy young men went through intense isometric training of the abdominal muscles for five weeks. Before and after training the subjects were put through a standardized test programme, measuring the strength of abdominal and back muscles, and a series of lifts, 10, 25, and 40 kg, leg lifts and back lifts. The intraabdominal pressure (IAP), and the EMG activity of the oblique abdominal muscles, and of the erector spinae muscle were recorded. It was found that: The strength of the trunk flexors increased markedly after training. The activity of the oblique abdominal muscles when lifting decreased after training, i.e. motor unit recruitment was not improved. The IAP at lifting was not affected by training. The activity of the oblique abdominal muscles was of no decisive importance to the IAP. The strength of the back muscles increased, but the activity of the back muscles at lifts was not affected by training. In back lifts there was no detectable activity of the back muscles during the beginning of the lifting and during a great part of the lowering. In back lifts the maximum activity of the abdominal muscles appeared long before the peak of the IAP which may be of importance with regard to the pathogenesis of inguinal hernia. Further investigation is needed, both to study the effect of training on patients with back complaints, and to study the factors determining the IAP. PMID- 6227986 TI - Regression of infundibular hypertrophy after pulmonary valvulotomy without myocardial resection. AB - In the period 1965-1979, 26 patients underwent valvulotomy for congenital pulmonary valve stenosis without ventricular septal defect. Infundibular stenosis was additionally present in 14 of the patients, 12 children and 2 adults, but myocardial resection in the infundibular area was not performed. During the first postoperative year the right ventricular outflow tract underwent normalization in the 12 children and the right ventricular systolic pressure normalized in all 14 patients. No relationship could be demonstrated between the R wave in the precordial lead V1 and the systolic pressure in the right ventricle, the gradient to the pulmonary artery or the extent of subvalvular hypertrophy. PMID- 6227987 TI - Injury surveillance. A review of data sources used by the Division of Safety Research. AB - Injury surveillance by the Division of Safety Research in the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health has the following two major purposes: the detection of significant changes in the status of worker safety to help define areas for research and the assessment of importance of various safety problems for priority setting in the Division. Surveillance of occupational injuries in recent years has realized a quantum improvement due to the availability of several extensive work-injury case data bases. The Division of Safety Research utilizes three of these to provide essentially independent sources of evidence for the identification and definition of problems for safety research. The National Electronic Injury Surveillance System, based on daily reports from a representative sample of hospital emergency rooms across the nation, provides case data such as age and sex of the injured worker, injury diagnosis, and product involvement. The Supplementary Data System annually provides worker's compensation case files which include the occupation and industry of the injured worker from selected states. A third level of detail is provided by the work injury report surveys of injured workers, conducted annually, and focused on specific accident types of injury groups. Findings, include high-risk occupations, age groups, tools, and equipment. PMID- 6227988 TI - [Iron chelation. Biological significance and medical application]. AB - Iron, an essential element for all aerobic organisms, exists in a very insoluble form under physiological conditions. Therefore, most microorganisms secrete iron chelating compounds called siderophores which are able to sequester ferric ions from the environment. A vast number of such compounds has been isolated from cultures of microorganisms and tested for enhancement of iron excretion in experimental animals. Only one compound, deferrioxamine B, has been shown to be clinically effective and well tolerated in humans suffering from chronic iron overload. However, this drug can only be administered successfully by injection or slow infusion. In spite of considerable research it has not been possible to overcome this drawback by developing suitable formulations or derivatives which are orally active. Deferri-ferrithiocin, a novel type of siderophore, has recently been isolated from a streptomyces culture. This substance is well absorbed orally and has been shown to enhance the excretion of ferric ion in iron loaded rats. Further investigations are now necessary to establish acute toxicity levels and longterm tolerability before efficacy tests in man can be planned. Other recent developments in the field of metal chelation include experimental studies using deferrioxamine for the treatment of conditions resulting from toxic levels of iron or aluminium in chronically dialyzed patients. In addition, attempts are being made to administer chelation therapy in the treatment of various infections and chronic inflammation, as well as other conditions linked with disorders of iron metabolism. PMID- 6227990 TI - [Ultrasonic diagnosis of ovarian carcinoma]. AB - Gray-scale ultrasonography was performed prior to surgery in 68 patients with tumors of the ovary. Thirty-four of the 38 benign tumors were considered benign by sonographic criteria. Three of 4 borderline epithelial tumors were considered malignant sonographically, as were 22 of the 26 cancers of the ovary (sensitivity 84%). Nineteen of them were malignant epithelial neoplasms and most were classified as FIGO stages III and IV (76%). In 6 of the 7 patients with stage I and II cancers the latter were considered malignant by sonographic criteria. Twenty-three of the 26 cancers were classified as having a complex structure using the classic ultrasonographic criteria. Histopathological evaluation did not correlate with the ultrasonic findings: sonography could not predict the correct stage and a particular histological type. Nevertheless, ultrasonography is a valuable diagnostic tool as a preoperative procedure in patients with a suspected ovarian neoplasm. PMID- 6227989 TI - [OKT-8+ suppressor T-lymphocytes are increased in patients with stable multiple myeloma]. AB - T-lymphocyte subpopulations were studied in 68 patients with monoclonal gammopathies and 27 age-matched healthy controls using the monoclonal antibodies (mAb) OKT-3, OKT-4 and OKT-8. 13 patients had untreated multiple myeloma (MM), 51 had MM and were receiving intermittent pulse chemotherapy or were in remission and followed up without treatment. Four patients had a monoclonal gammopathy of unknown significance (MGUS). Analysis of the data for disease activity demonstrated a significant imbalance of T-lymphocyte subpopulations in patients with stable (plateau phase) MM. In these patients the relative number of cells with suppressor phenotype (OKT-8 positive) was significantly increased (p less than 0.0001) and the relative number of cells with helper phenotype (OKT-4 positive) significantly decreased (p less than 0.0001) when compared with normal controls or patients with active MM. Patients with stable disease also had a significantly higher absolute number of OKT-8 positive cells than patients with active MM (p = 0.04). Additionally, in vitro functional studies showed significant suppression of clonal growth of the human myeloma cell line (RPMI 8226) by a soluble suppressor factor of OKT-8 positive cells from the peripheral blood of healthy donors as well as from bone marrow aspirates of patients with MM. These findings support the hypothesis that T-lymphocyte subpopulations play an important role in the control of proliferation of the myeloma cell clone in patients with low cell mass (stable phase) multiple myeloma. PMID- 6227991 TI - [Treatment of acne with orally administered isotretinoin. Clinical study of 56 patients]. AB - 56 patients with nodulocystic acne, hidrosadenitis (2 cases) and steatocystoma multiplex (2 cases) were treated with oral isotretinoin. 52 patients cleared completely or were much improved without local treatment; 2 failures involved patients with steatocystoma, while 2 patients with ano-inguinal lesions were only improved. 19 patients received a dose of 0.5 mg/kg/day for six months; in 37 patients the dose was adapted to the initial response but did not exceed 1 mg/kg/day. Reversible elevated triglyceride concentration was observed in 5% of the patients. 18 patients were followed up and 4 (22%) presented moderate relapses. PMID- 6227992 TI - [Systemic thrombolysis of arterial occlusions of the lower extremities. Comparison of various treatment schedules]. AB - From 1971-1982 121 patients with arterial occlusions of the lower limbs underwent systemic thrombolysis treatment at the Kantonsspital Basel. During 4 time periods, 3 different treatment schedules were evaluated consecutively: a) individually titrated high dose streptokinase (SK), b) individually titrated low dose SK and c) p-plasmin, followed by low dose SK-infusion. Thrombolytic success rates did not differ significantly with the 3 treatment schedules. Nevertheless, the p-plasmin-SK scheme tended to the thrombolytically more effective (68%) than high-dose (58%) or low-dose (50%) SK. The most frequent side effects were bleeding complications. In 6 out of the 121 patients, intracranial bleeding occurred and was lethal in 1 of the patients. The incidence of this most serious complication of 4/47 during the sequential p-plasmin-SK schedule led the authors to abandon this scheme for the treatment of arterial occlusions. The intracranial bleeding complications are much less frequent in patients with deep venous thrombosis undergoing systemic thrombolysis, and hence seem to be due in part to the generalized arteriopathy often present in patients with arterial occlusions. The p-plasmin-SK schedule induced the strongest systemic proteolysis in the light of thromboplastin time and factor V values. Comparison of these data with those of other authors is very difficult because of differences in patient selection, treatment schedules and observance of contraindications. The serious prognosis for patients with acute arterial occlusions, with an overall hospital mortality of 26% (experience at the Kantonsspital Basel, 1978-1982) relativizes the importance of the side effects due to systemic thrombolysis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6227993 TI - [Sonographic detection of free air in the abdominal cavity]. AB - Diagnosis via x-ray film had so far been the only way to prove the existence of free air in the abdominal cavity and hence the presence of gastrointestinal perforation. However, it is possible to establish the existence of free air in the abdomen sonographically provided a suitable examination method is employed. A characteristic feature is represented by pronounced pre-hepatic echoes with multiple echoes or sound shadow phenomenon. Experimentally it was possible to identify 1 ml air in the abdomen of an ascites patient both by x-ray examination and by sonography with equal certainty. The clinical usefulness of the ultrasound method was scrutinized. Of 10 patients with gastrointestinal perforations, 9 were recognized by sonography, including roentgen-negative cases; in one case only, sonography yielded a false negative result. Sonographic differential diagnosis is more versatile and differentiation can be practised by the highly experienced investigator only. The proof of the existence of free air in the abdomen represents a considerable extension of the scope of sonographic emergency-case diagnosis. PMID- 6227994 TI - [The Doppler Simulator DS 81. A new calibration method for ultrasound-cw-Doppler blood flow measurement devices]. AB - Quality assurance in commercial cw-Doppler devices demands the use of special techniques in providing reproducible, optimized patient examination conditions for the individual instrument, and to permit a comparison with results obtained by other equipment. Equipment can be tested on two different technical levels: by checking the total performance by means of a Doppler phantom, or by testing the relevant components by means of electrical test signals. The use of Doppler phantoms involves certain drawbacks with respect to some equipment parameters and the routine equipment check. In the German Federal Republic, new official regulations (KBV), including the minimum requirements for Doppler equipment have been issued. To fulfil the legal requirements, a special test device, The Doppler Simulator DS 81 (1981), has proved suitable. The device provides a graduated scale of discrete, synthetic Doppler frequencies; these are fed into the Doppler equipment under test, and the response is recorded on the instrument's strip chart recorder or viewing screen. They are used as reference frequencies and for calibration. This method represents a further step towards reproducible or quantitative Doppler sonography. PMID- 6227995 TI - Lung imaging--unilateral absence or near absence of pulmonary perfusion on lung scanning. PMID- 6227996 TI - Loss, stress and readjustment: the structure of coping with bereavement and disability. AB - On the basis of recent developments in the study of readjustment, a comprehensive formal theoretical framework was suggested, predicting the factors enhancing and impeding readjustment after a traumatic irrevocable loss (bereavement and disability) and empirically supported. Empirical investigation and application of multivariate techniques of data analysis revealed an identical structure of the content universe of readjustment for three groups: war widows, bereaved parents and disabled army veterans. The structure ascertained the hypothesized predominance of individual resources--and particularly those which facilitate affective interaction relationship--as well as of primary groups' emotional support in enhancing readjustment, compared to the limited efficacy of formal rehabilitation agencies. In the realm of instrumental coping assistance, data ascertained the efficacy of 'resource enhancing' support (e.g. vocational training) in advancing readjustment. Data also ascertained that the weight of individual resources and primary group support in facilitating readjustment is greater than the effect of the severity of the disability, and plays a greater role in readjustment than lapse of time since the loss. The significance of the study is in the development and empirical verification of a formal comprehensive and testable framework of readjustment to change following a traumatic loss. Though the universal validity of the framework needs further proof, there seems to be sufficient basis for assuming such validity until empirically verified. It is suggested to view this study as a first step toward a general model of readjustment. The study seems particularly contributing to the body of knowledge in the realm of stress and coping in light of the difficulties in arriving at a valid empirical verification of the stressful life events leads to coping leads to homeostasis relationship. PMID- 6227997 TI - [Mental imagery of the handicapped body by therapists]. PMID- 6227999 TI - [Current practice and prospects for improvements in public health]. PMID- 6227998 TI - [Features of the organization of hospital services to the rural population of Kazakhstan]. PMID- 6228000 TI - [Organization of patent-information searches during the conduct of scientific research]. PMID- 6228001 TI - [Psychotherapeutic services in urban polyclinics]. PMID- 6228002 TI - [Organizational-methodologic work in the development of stomatologic services to the region]. PMID- 6228003 TI - [Role of the People's Commissariat for Public Health of the RSFSR in establishing public health in the Soviet Ukraine]. PMID- 6228005 TI - [New documents concerning the physician-writer S. Ia. Elpat'evskii]. PMID- 6228004 TI - [Classification of historico-medical sources of the Soviet period]. PMID- 6228006 TI - [Folk medicine in Udmurtia]. PMID- 6228007 TI - [Etiology, clinical aspects and treatment of Mondor's disease in sportsmen]. PMID- 6228008 TI - [State and perspectives of the oncological services for the population of the RSFSR]. PMID- 6228009 TI - [Rehabilitation of patients after myocardial infarction in the medical department of a large industrial plant]. PMID- 6228010 TI - [Results and perspectives of the activities of a center for emergency vascular surgery]. PMID- 6228011 TI - [Diagnosis of acute cholecystitis in middle-aged and aged patients]. PMID- 6228012 TI - [Scientific labor organization in a republican clinical hospital]. PMID- 6228013 TI - Trunk muscle myoelectric activities in idiopathic scoliosis. AB - Twenty adolescent girls with mild-to-moderate cases of idiopathic scoliosis and twelve adolescent girls with structurally normal spines performed 15 exercises isometrically while standing. The exercises included resisting flexion, extension, and lateral bending moments imposed on the trunk. Myoelectric activities in 12 trunk muscle groups were measured during these performances, using surface electrodes. For one set of comparisons, the patients were divided into those whose clinical records documented curve progression and those with no documented progression. No significant differences were noted in mean myoelectric activities between these two patient groups. For a second set of comparisons, the subjects were divided into patients with curves of more than 25 degrees, patients with curves of 25 or fewer degrees and normals. No significant differences in mean myoelectric activities were noted between the patients with the smaller curves, while the patients with the larger curves had significantly larger convex side myoelectric activities in their anterior, lateral and posterior muscles at lumbar levels compared to the normal girls. The findings of this study, along with biomechanical model analyses, suggest that the asymmetries in muscle actions evidenced by myoelectric measurements result from scoliosis. Scoliosis progression seems not to be caused by asymmetry in muscle contractions; rather it may be caused by a lack of adequate asymmetry. PMID- 6228014 TI - Spinal arachnoiditis. What is the clinical spectrum? I. AB - Back pain has been estimated to affect about two thirds of the adult population. In most instances the pain is brief and self-limited, but at other times it may be chronic. Although the cause of discomfort may be apparent at times, in many extensively evaluated cases it is not. Chronic arachnoiditis is infrequently considered in the differential diagnosis of back pain. A literature review of arachnoiditis includes only anecdotal cases and series, emphasizing the most severe clinical findings. It is suggested that arachnoiditis may have a place in the differential diagnosis of chronic back pain. PMID- 6228015 TI - Amitriptyline and chronic low-back pain. A randomized double-blind crossover study. AB - The effect of antidepressant medication on chronic low-back pain patients was studied in a randomized blind crossover study. Among those patients who completed the study, there was a 46% decrease in the use of analgesics while on amitriptyline when compared to placebo (P less than 0.005). There was also improvement in affect, but no measurable change in activity level. The MMPI profile of those patients who were unable to comply with the study protocol differed from that of patients who completed the study. The noncompliers demonstrated an elevation of the F, Pd, Pt (P less than 0.05) and Mf (P less than 0.01) scales. Although the interpretation of such a profile is left open to speculation, it may serve as an indicator of noncompliant individuals. PMID- 6228016 TI - Long-term anatomic and functional changes in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis treated by Harrington rod fusion. AB - One hundred patients from the Gothenburg Scoliosis Data Base were studied. They met the following criteria: (1) adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (2) completion of treatment before age 20, (3) a minimum follow-up of five years thereafter, (4) a minimum age of 22 years at final follow-up, and (5) operation performed by the senior author. Of these, 95 were personally examined. The surgical technique from 1968 to 1973 included a two-stage Harrington distraction, with fusion added at the second operation (52 patients). From 1973 to 1975, 48 patients were treated with a one-stage distraction and fusion after a week of preoperative Cotrel traction. Postoperatively, all patients were treated with a Milwaukee brace. A spinal examination and functional assessment, including a questionnaire and pain drawing, full standing anterior-posterior (AP), and lateral roentgenograms of the spine, was performed by independent observers. Eighty-five subjects without scoliosis served as a control group. The radiographic evaluation showed the usual nearly 50% permanent correction at the follow-up examination averaging nine years postoperatively. Lateral roentgenograms, however, demonstrated in 52% flattened or kyphotic cervical spines producing no significant complaints, non-significant flattening of the thoracic kyphosis, but significant lowering of the lumbar lordosis. Fifteen of the 24 patients with distal hook insertion and fusion including L4 or L5 demonstrated retrolisthesis. All had significant low-back pain. Degenerative facet joint changes and disc space narrowing was noted in 11 patients, again with a distal hook purchase in L4 or L5. Compared to the controls, the operated patients, as a group, revealed no lessened activity or back pain at any location.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6228017 TI - Lumbosacral spinal fibrosis (spinal arachnoiditis). Its diagnosis and treatment by spinal cord stimulation. AB - From 1973 to 1981, 94 patients suffering from low-back pain, with or without spread into the lower extremities, were candidates for therapeutic spinal cord stimulation. The etiology of pain in all cases was lumbosacral spinal fibrosis due to multiple myelographies and surgical interventions on the lumbar spine. The long-term results, based on a four-year follow-up, reveal a 60% subjective improvement of pain, a 40% substantial reduction of medication, and a 26% increase in working capacity. The concept of spinal arachnoiditis is reviewed and the term lumbosacral spinal fibrosis proposed. The treatment of this chronic painful and disabling disease is discussed. PMID- 6228018 TI - Computer-aided diagnosis of lumbar disc herniation. AB - A microcomputer was programmed to accept data on the history and physical findings of patients, with low-back pain, suspected of having a herniated lumbar intervertebral disc, then suggest a likely diagnosis, with probability, and make suggestions for further management. Formal decision analytic techniques were used to test for the threshold of diagnostic likelihood that would make the expected value of laminotomy for excision of a herniated disc greater than the expected value of non-surgical management. The program is recursive, using its results to update its data base, and become more "intelligent." In a blinded evaluation, an expert could not detect a significant difference between the output of the computer and the diagnoses and treatment plans of ten clinicians. PMID- 6228019 TI - The impact of patients with nonorganic physical findings on a controlled trial of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation and electroacupuncture. AB - Fifty-four patients treated in a three-week in-patient rehabilitation program were randomly assigned to and accepted treatment with electroacupuncture (n = 17), TENS (low-intensity transcutaneous nerve stimulation, n = 18) and TENS-dead battery (placebo, n = 18). Outcome measures included estimates of pain (on a visual analogue scale) and disability by both physician and patient as well as physical measures of spine function. Two groups were constructed based on the absence of nonorganic physical findings (Valid group, n = 30) and the presence of two or more nonorganic physical findings out of a possible four (Invalid group, n = 10). Multivariate and univariate analyses of covariance were utilized to determine effects of treatment (acupuncture, TENS, placebo) and the effects of over-reporting (presence of excessive nonorganic physical findings). Statistically significant findings demonstrated that the acupuncture group enjoyed more relief of peak pain and more relief of pain on an average day at the three-month return assessment. Additionally, the acupuncture group demonstrated greater improvement in extension trunk strength at the discharge assessment. The Invalid group were found to have a contaminating effect on the acupuncture results. Analysis also demonstrated associations between nonorganic physical findings and both personality traits ("Conversion V" profile on MMPI) and retention of an attorney. Researchers conducting clinical trials in chronic low back pain patients should control for contamination by the presence of over reporters. PMID- 6228020 TI - Measuring physical and psychosocial function in patients with low-back pain. AB - Techniques for assessing daily function in Patients with back pain are generally crude and limited in scope. We therefore examined a "health status" questionnaire, the Sickness Impact Profile (SIP) to assess its measurement characteristics in such patients. Eighty patients with mechanical low-back pain completed the SIP and a physical examination at a walk-in visit and again three weeks later. Test-retest reliability of the SIP was substantial. Biologic validity was confirmed by significant correlations with age, pain duration, spine flexion, straight leg raising, and pain severity. Validity of psychosocial subscales was confirmed by significant associations with patient anxiety and psychiatric problems. Scores changed in the expected directions when patients were evaluated three weeks later. The SIP is thus valid, reliable, sensitive to clinical changes, and comprehensively assesses a wide range of dysfunctions. PMID- 6228021 TI - Clinical symptoms and biomechanics of lumbar spine and hip joint in leg length inequality. AB - A simple and reliable low dose radiologic method developed by the author was used to measure leg length inequality of 798 patients with chronic and therapy resistant low-back and/or unilateral hip symptoms and 359 symptom free subjects. Statistically highly significant correlations of the symptoms and leg length inequality were observed. In the majority (79 and 89%), the chronic or recurrent sciatic pain and unilateral hip symptoms occurred on the side of the longer lower extremity. When correcting the leg length inequality simply with an adequate shoe lift, a permanent and mostly complete alleviation of symptoms was achieved in the majority of the cases. The unilateral symptoms associated with mostly unrecognized leg length inequality of 5 to 25 mm were, at least in part, due to the biomechanical responses, like bending and rotational forces, needed for compensation of the lateral imbalance caused by leg length inequality. PMID- 6228022 TI - Dynamic loading as a possible source of low-back disorders. AB - Although the epidemiologic evidence is not convincing, a number of studies indicate that those exposed to dynamic loads may have increased risk to low-back disorders. A review of the available evidence suggests that chronic low-back pain relates to disc degeneration and that this in turn may be accelerated by mechanical failure in the region of the end-plate and subchondral bone or in the annulus. Two hypotheses are proposed to relate fatigue induced failure of vertebral tissues to disc degeneration. The extent of dynamic stresses on the vertebral motion segment arising from transport are investigated, and the results indicate that fatigue induced failure is a distinct possibility. The implications of these suggestions for environmental health protection are briefly discussed. PMID- 6228023 TI - Complications in 8509 laparoscopic Falope ring sterilizations performed under local anaesthesia. AB - During the 3-year period 1 January 1980-31 December 1982, 8509 laparoscopic Falope ring sterilizations were performed under local anaesthesia in rural areas of the Cape Province by the Sterilization Service of Tygerberg Hospital. Despite the fact that 476 of the patients had undergone previous lower abdominal surgery, major complications (anaphylactic shock after injection of lignocaine and inadvertent perforation of the bladder by the trocar) occurred in only 2 cases. It was not possible to complete the sterilization under local anaesthesia in 98 cases, resulting in a technical failure rate of 1.15%. A prospective study of the minor complications encountered among the 193 patients sterilized during November 1982 showed that torn tubes occurred in 3.1% and uterine perforation in 2.1%. This can be partially explained by the fact that evidence of previous pelvic infection was seen during laparoscopy in 9.3% of cases. The pregnancy rate after sterilization was 0.28% for the group as a whole. PMID- 6228024 TI - One gram of cefoxitin cures uncomplicated gonococcal urethritis caused by penicillinase-producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae (PPNG). AB - Therapy of disease caused by penicillinase-producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae with lower-than-standard doses of cefoxitin was evaluated. A pilot study showed that doses of greater than or equal to 1 g were adequate, whereas 500-mg doses consistently failed. After the pilot study, 89 men with gonorrhea were treated with 1 g of cefoxitin given intramuscularly plus 1 g of probenecid given orally. Of the 89 men, 86 were cured. Sixty per cent were infected with penicillin resistant strains of N. gonorrhoeae. The three men who were culture-positive on follow-up had been sexually reexposed, whereas none of those with negative cultures had had reexposure. These clinical results indicate that a treatment regimen of 1 g of parenteral cefoxitin plus 1 g of oral probenecid appears to be as effective as the standard 2-g dose. Regimens using doses lower than 1 g are ineffective. PMID- 6228025 TI - Nonoperative management of injuries of the spleen in adults. AB - Seventeen adult patients with proved splenic injuries were managed nonoperatively without a single instance of morbidity or mortality. All patients had a clinical history and physical findings suggestive of splenic trauma; the diagnosis was confirmed by splenic scintigraphy and, in some patients, additionally by angiography. The selection of patients for nonoperative management was made on the basis of a stable clinical status and laboratory evidence of cessation of bleeding. Patients who had progressive hypovolemia, worsening abdominal signs and laboratory evidence of continued bleeding were subjected to laparotomy for the performance of total splenectomy, partial splenectomy or splenorrhaphy. An arbitrary limit of three transfusions was set beyond which laparotomy was mandated. Nonoperative management is clearly not indicated for all patients with splenic injuries. In selected patients, however, nonoperative management is feasible and safe, providing careful clinical and laboratory observations are available. The theoretical long term sequelae of splenosis and splenic cyst formation have not yet been observed. PMID- 6228026 TI - [Giant benign tumors of the abdominal cavity (desmoid and leiomyoma of the stomach) and the clinical possibilities for their diagnosis]. PMID- 6228027 TI - [Use of hemosorption in the treatment of immune-complex lesions of the liver]. PMID- 6228028 TI - [Cardiomegaly in acquired heart defects (clinico-x-ray analysis)]. PMID- 6228029 TI - Platelet function in blood from the coronary sinus in patients with arteriosclerotic heart disease. AB - Blood sampled from the coronary sinus was compared with blood collected simultaneously from the superior caval vein in 50 men with angiographically proven coronary heart disease. Primary, ADP-induced aggregation in coronary sinus blood was reduced by 14 per cent, collagen-induced aggregation by 10 and platelet retention by 16 to 30 per cent as compared with blood from the caval vein. The plasma levels of beta-thromboglobulin, platelet counts and number of circulating platelet aggregates were similar in parallel samples. The reduced platelet function in coronary sinus blood hardly reflects refractoriness after previous platelet stimulation, since no release or irreversible aggregation was induced. A reduced function might be the effect of direct depression induced in the coronary circulation. Most surprisingly, a selective thromboxane synthetase inhibitor (Dazoxiben) and acetylsalicylic acid normalized platelet aggregation but did not affect the low platelet retention response in coronary sinus blood. Thus, the reduced platelet function in coronary sinus blood is not only mediated via prostaglandins. PMID- 6228030 TI - International collaborative study for the establishment of the second International Reference Preparation of plasmin. AB - An international collaborative study involving seven laboratories was undertaken to assess the suitability of a freeze-dried preparation of human plasmin to replace the current International Reference Preparation (IRP) for plasmin. Chromogenic and fibrinolytic assays were used by all participating laboratories to assess the potencies of the Proposed International Reference Preparation (PIRP) and two other freeze-dried plasmins, one of human and one of porcine origin. The data suggest that the PIRP is a more suitable standard for plasmin than the IRP in that the former binds to fibrin whereas only 50% of the latter binds. The PIRP compared well to other plasmin preparations and the potency assays were independent of the assay procedure and substrate used. Degradation studies indicated that the PIRP was far more stable than the glycerol solution of the IRP, surviving for 12 months at 37 degrees C with no significant loss in either amidolytic or fibrinolytic activity. The International Committee for Thrombosis and Haemostasis (Bergamo, 1982) has recommended the use of this material as a standard and it has been established by the Expert Committee on Biological Standardization of the World Health Organization as the second International Reference Preparation for Plasmin with a defined potency of 10 International Units of Plasmin per ampoule. PMID- 6228031 TI - Anticoagulant properties of three mucopolysaccharides used in rheumatology. AB - Three mucopolysaccharides (MPS) used in the treatment of degenerative joint disease were compared to heparin to establish their relative potencies on 3 coagulation tests, the aPTT, the antifactor Xa activity and the dilute thrombin time. One of the compounds, Arteparon, was one fourth as potent as heparin on the aPTT, but had little or no influence on the 2 other tests. Further in vitro studies suggested that Arteparon acted at a higher level than factor Xa generation in the intrinsic amplification system and that its effect was independent of antithrombin III. In vivo administration of Arteparon confirmed its anticoagulant properties, which raises the question of the clinical use of this MPS. PMID- 6228032 TI - Platelet activation in migraine. PMID- 6228033 TI - Comparative study of thrombolysis by high and low molecular weight urokinase in an in vitro perfusion system. AB - Two urokinase preparations of different molecular weights were standardized against the International Reference Preparation for Urokinase and compared in an in vitro whole blood perfusion system using thrombi formed with whole blood and 125I-fibrinogen. Plasminogen was added to one group and normal saline to the other. Thrombolysis, as well as plasminogen and plasmin inhibitor levels were monitored over a 60 minute period following the addition of the urokinase to the perfusion mediums. There was a high correlation as well as no significant difference found between the percents lysis caused by the high and low molecular weight urokinase. Added plasminogen resulted in a rapid decrease of plasmin inhibitors in both urokinase groups. In the saline groups this decrease was highly negatively correlated with the percent lysis. It is concluded that both high and low molecular weight urokinase behave similarly in an in vitro whole blood thrombolytic perfusion system over the time period studied. PMID- 6228034 TI - [Side effects in gold therapy]. PMID- 6228035 TI - Heated lymphocytes express HLA-DR antigens despite their inability to stimulate in MLC. AB - We have utilized serological techniques and mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC) reactions to examine HLA-DR and HLA-D expression by heated (45 degrees C for 1 h) lymphocytes in order to study the functional relationship of these antigens. Heated lymphocytes do not stimulate proliferation of allogeneic lymphocytes in MLC, yet they express HLA-DR antigens. The fraction of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) expressing DR is not altered by heating, nor is the staining intensity altered as detected by fluorescence microscopy. Alloantisera to "B cell alloantigens" recognize HLA-DR determinants on heated cells without any detectable change in either specificity or quantitative cytotoxic effects. Flow cytometry with monoclonal antibody demonstrates only minimal decrease in HLA-DR expression after heating. Thus stimulation in MLC requires more of the stimulating cell than the mere expression of HLA-DR. PMID- 6228036 TI - Identification of four SB antigens by cloned cells. Population studies of Norwegians. AB - By priming in vitro with allogeneic HLA-DR compatible and also HLA-A,B mostly compatible lymphoid cells, PLT cells resulted in recognizing a group of non D/DR allelic antigens provisionally named K, L, M and N. To improve discrimination these bulk primed typing reagents were cloned and expanded. By typing of previously SB typed lymphoblastoid B cell lines (LCL) the provisional specificities could be identified as SB1, 4, 3 and 2, respectively. Typing of 186 unrelated Norwegians gave the following gene frequences: SB1: 0.05, SB2: 0.16, SB3: 0.13, SB4: 0.42 and SB blank: 0.24. No triplets were found, the calculated gene frequencies fit with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, and typing of a B-DR recombinant family confirmed that the SB locus is situated centromeric to B. Associations between SB and A, B, DR antigens in the same material were generally weak, the most significant associations found were between SB1-DR3 and SB4-DR2. PMID- 6228038 TI - Dissociation of aggregated IgG and denaturation of monomeric IgG by acid treatment. AB - Conditions for obtaining a large quantity of monomeric IgG which can be used for intravenous injections in humans was successfully established with human serum IgG preparation obtained using the ethanol fractionation method. When dissociation of IgG aggregates and denaturation of IgG monomers contained in the starting material were examined at various pH values, the treatment for 60 min at 28 degrees C at pH 3.8-4.0 was found to be optimum for obtaining such monomeric IgG. At this pH range, the dissociation of IgG aggregates into monomeric IgG reached maximum, without producing polymeric IgG. When monomeric IgG was treated at this acidic pH condition, its biological and physicochemical properties such as acid difference spectrum, molecular weight, plasmic digestion ratio, and complement-, antigen- and protein A-binding activities remained unchanged. The fact that large scale production of monomeric IgG can be easily performed under such conditions is discussed. PMID- 6228037 TI - Phosphofructokinase deficiency associated with congenital nonspherocytic hemolytic anemia and mild myopathy: biochemical and morphological studies on the muscle. AB - Enzymatic and electron microscopical studies were performed on the muscle of a proband with phosphofructokinase deficiency. Enzymatic studies showed that muscle phosphofructokinase activity of the proband was decreased to about a half of normal. This enzyme was quite thermolabile and had low affinity for fructose 6 phosphate. Electron microscopical studies showed the accumulation of glycogen granules beneath the sarcolemma and between the myofibrils in spite of a lack of accumulation of the intermediates before the step of phosphofructokinase. The proband's clinical symptoms, i.e., hemolytic anemia and myopathy, were considered to be due to the unstable, mutant, muscle-type phosphofructokinase in the red blood cells and muscle. PMID- 6228039 TI - [Strength of immunity to diphtheria in the Komi ASSR studied by using the indirect hemagglutination test (a preliminary report)]. PMID- 6228040 TI - [Evaluation of the mass vaccinal prevention of influenza in the Petrograd District of Leningrad]. PMID- 6228042 TI - [Basic trends in the research on influenza at the Pasteur Institute]. PMID- 6228041 TI - [Etiology of influenza in Leningrad in 1979-1981]. PMID- 6228043 TI - [Epidemiological characteristics of influenza A (H3N2) on the territory of Leningrad Province in 1868-1980]. PMID- 6228044 TI - [Experience in the mass immunization of the working population of Leningrad with inactivated chromatographic influenza vaccine]. PMID- 6228045 TI - [Methodological approach to evaluating the vaccinal prevention of influenza as an epidemic control measure]. PMID- 6228046 TI - [Comparative studies on the immunostimulation by whole-body irradiation or vincristine sulphate]. AB - Comparative experimentations were performed on Sprague-Dawley rats in order to study the immunostimulation by whole-body irradiation with 60Co gamma radiation (doses between 0.5 and 2 Gy) or application of vincristine sulphate (doses between 1.5 and 6 micrograms per 100 g body weight). The primary production of antibodies against erythrocytes of sheep was determined as immunity parameter. An immunostimulation was observed in all experiments. The irradiated groups showed the highest stimulation after 1 Gy, and the most stimulating dose of vincristine was 6 micrograms/100 g body weight. The radiogenic stimulation was more significant. As a reason for these stimulations, the authors suppose the different sensitivity of individual lymphocyte populations participating in the induction of the humoral immune response which leads to a relatively greater inactivation of T suppressor lymphocytes. PMID- 6228047 TI - [The importance of premedication in the extraction of teeth in patients with cardiac disease]. PMID- 6228048 TI - [Silent periods in the electromyograms of human masticatory muscles elicited by mechanical and electrical stimulation]. PMID- 6228049 TI - [Low back pain among hospital porters]. PMID- 6228051 TI - [Interaction of work environment and the skin. Elements of a health program for the work place]. PMID- 6228050 TI - [What do we know about non-exanthematous skin disease?]. PMID- 6228052 TI - Measurement of urinary flow rate. AB - The various methods for measuring urinary flow rate from the first attempt by Rehfisch in 1897 to current techniques are described. The benefits or deficiencies of each method are considered, and it is concluded that while some of the more technically sophisticated pieces of equipment are necessary for the accurate determination of flow rates in the research laboratory, they are not necessarily the most appropriate for use in the consulting office or clinic. PMID- 6228053 TI - [Ophthalmological service in Kirghizia (on the 60th anniversary of the formation of the republic)]. PMID- 6228054 TI - [Changes in the hypothalamus in continuously irradiated sheep]. AB - Neurosecretion, PAS-positive mucopolysaccharides and the Nissl substance were studied in the neurons of the rostral, medial and caudal hypothalamus of continuously irradiated ewes. The study was performed on 21 ewes of the Slovak Merino breed at the live weight of 34 kg. The animals were in the period of physiological anoestrus and their age was two to three years. The first group of six ewes was the control. The second group included 15 sheep irradiated with a total dose of 6.7 Gy (700 R) for seven days. Co60 was used as the source of irradiation. The animals of this group were killed seven days from treatment. The ewes in the third group were left for the study of mortality. The brains were perfused with 2% buffered paraformaldehyde immediately after the bleeding of the sheep; then the brains were removed from skulls and fixed in buffered picroformol. Paraffin slices were stained with haematoxylin-eosine, aldehyde fuchsine and alcian blue for neurosecretion, with PAS-reaction for mucopolysaccharides and with cresyl violet for the Nissl substance. As found, the irradiation of the whole body inhibits the activity of neurosecretory cells in rostral and medial hypothalamus, thus reducing neurosecretion. These regions also show a reduced activity of PAS reaction used for the demonstration of mucopolysaccharides. The observed changes also included damage of the endothelium of blood vessels with the occurrence of erythrocyte extravasates and with haemorrhages.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6228055 TI - [Balneophysical and rehabilitative treatment of paretic lumbar sciatica]. PMID- 6228056 TI - Early intermediates in bacteriophage lambda prohead assembly. II. Identification of biologically active intermediates. AB - The morphogenesis of bacteriophage lambda proheads is under the control of the four phage genes B, C, Nu3, and E, as well as the E. coli genes groEL and groES. It has been previously shown that extracts prepared from cells infected with a lambda C-E- mutant accumulate biologically active gpB and gpNu3 (Murialdo, H., and Becker, A., J. Mol. Biol. 125, 57-74 (1978) ). To characterize the nature of these intermediates in prohead assembly, extracts prepared from these cells were fractionated by DEAE-cellulose chromatography as well as velocity sedimentation. Intermediates containing gpB were identified by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and by their ability to be assembled into biologically active proheads in vitro. The results indicate that the most abundant, biologically active intermediate (greater than 98% of the gpB activity) is a 25 S gpB containing polymer. A second biologically active intermediate (about 1% of the total gpB activity) was identified as a gpB-gpgroEL complex. PMID- 6228057 TI - Site-specific recombinational circularization of bacteriophage P1 DNA. PMID- 6228058 TI - [Medics of the 554th Medico-Sanitary Batallion at the Battle of the Dnieper]. PMID- 6228059 TI - [Effectiveness of the treatment of patients with ischemic heart disease in a military sanatorium]. PMID- 6228060 TI - [Reorganization of the system of training of the military-medical personnel in the 1930's]. PMID- 6228061 TI - [Evacuation of the wounded and sick by river transport during World War II]. PMID- 6228062 TI - [The results of cooperative studies in oncology in the RSFSR]. AB - The paper is concerned with the joint scientific studies conducted at the Institute and hospitals of the Russian Federative Republic in accordance with the Republic-sponsored complex program of research in neoplasms. The results of organization work obtained within the last 5 years, research and clinical data on some aspects of the problem are discussed. It is stressed that joint studies are of great importance for both speeding up the solution of research and practical problems and effective monitoring the integration of scientific achievements with practice to raise the standards of service offered by public health institutions. The results of studies on combined treatment of lung and breast cancer and diagnosis and therapy of cervical and endometrial carcinoma are evaluated. PMID- 6228063 TI - [The role of P. A. Gertsen Moscow Research Oncological Institute of the RSFSR Ministry of Public Health in the development of Soviet oncology]. PMID- 6228064 TI - [Improvements in instruction in a division of polyclinical services during the internship]. PMID- 6228065 TI - [Method of traction treatment of pain syndromes]. PMID- 6228066 TI - [Morphological manifestations of the toxic effect of uni- and bivalent mercury compounds during repeated peroral administration]. PMID- 6228067 TI - [Endocrine regulation mechanisms in the skin with special reference to steroid hormone receptors]. AB - The aetiological factors involved in various dermatological diseases are often endocrine in origin. The interaction of hormones in the skin is multi-layered and the meaning of multiple hormonal activities in the skin itself not fully understood. This paper tries to present factors influencing the action of sexual steroids in the periphery and points to the relevance of hormone receptors. Hormonal interaction in the skin can be measured by hormone receptor determination. Present data seem to point to peripheral hormone metabolism which is independent of central hormone regulation in involved skin areas. Besides, "target-organ" sensitivity for hormonal stimulation seems to be elevated. PMID- 6228068 TI - [Lymphocyte stimulation in the primed lymphocyte typing test by as yet unknown HLA-linked antigens (WP-alleles)]. AB - Lymphocytes from HLA-identical unrelated donors often show positive stimulation in the mixed lymphocyte culture, possibly caused by alleles of HLA-linked, but not yet defined gene loci. In order to investigate such determinants lymphocytes from HLA-DR identical individuals were primed and tested in the PLT system. Family and population data indicate that such antigens exist and can be detected in vitro. PMID- 6228069 TI - [The leopard syndrome, a cardio-cutaneous syndrome]. AB - A patient with the "leopard" syndrome presented with cardiomyopathy and a large arteriovenous shunt of the left renal vessels. The skin manifestations included multiple lentigines, junctional naevi, blue naevi, and one malignant lentigo. This syndrome is a rare entity, but in all patients with multiple lentigines the possibility of associated cardiovascular changes should be considered. In addition, regular monitoring of the pigmented lesions should be performed because of the increased risk of development of malignant melanoma. PMID- 6228070 TI - [Myocardial scintigraphy with iodine 123-labeled fatty acids]. AB - This study presents experimental and clinical data in the use of I-123 labeled aromatic and aliphatic fatty acids. I-123 p-phenylpentadecanoic acid (p-IPPA) and I-123 heptadecanoic acid (HDA) were applied for myocardial scintigraphy. The feasibility of p-IPPA and HDA for myocardial scintigraphy was substantiated in animal experiments. Clinical studies were performed in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and cardiomyopathy (CMP). In CAD the results of fatty acid studies were compared with those of T1-201. Myocardial scintigraphy with p-IPPA and HDA was done with the patients supine and the collimator of the gamma camera in the LAO 45 grade position. Following intravenous administration of the labeled compounds data were continuously monitored. The regional distribution of the I 123 labeled fatty acids was assessed visually and supplemented with a semiquanitative analysis to estimate regional fatty acid uptake within the myocardium. The uptake was expressed as a ratio of background corrected regional myocardial activity to background activity (V. cava superior region). In initial studies data were accumulated for 40 minutes after intravenous HDA and for 50 minutes after intravenous p-IPPA, respectively. Data interpretation could be improved by an extended data acquisition (HDA: 70 minutes; p-IPPA: 90 minutes). In earlier experiments the decline in the myocardial count rate seemed to be monoexponential. However, in studies with prolonged data acquisition the myocardial time activity curve could be better described by two exponentials. Accordingly, the time activity curve was fitted with a biexponential function and the elimination half time of the initial and second component were determined. In addition, by extrapolation of the monoexponential slope of each component to zero, the size of each component was evaluated and the relative contribution of each phase on the myocardial elimination curve was expressed by a ratio of these extrapolated values. Our data provided evidence that I-123 labeled fatty acids can be used as metabolic tracers, as their kinetic behaviour was comparable to C 11 palmitate. Furthermore, in p-IPPA studies catabolites of its metabolic degradation were identified in plasma samples. Additionally it was shown in HDA studies that pharmacological interventions and acute ischemia were effective modulators of myocardial HDA utilization. In our patients we found a slower myocardial elimination half time for p-IPPA than for HDA; also the amount of p IPPA utilized via the initial component was smaller than for HDA.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6228071 TI - Transient activation of the Ca2+-ATPase from sarcoplasmic reticulum during thiol modification by 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoate). AB - In the reaction of sarcoplasmic reticulum membranes with excess 5,5'-dithiobis(2 nitrobenzoate) (DTNB) some new features were observed: The Ca2+-dependent ATPase activities of increasingly modified preparations were considerably enhanced during the initial stage of thiol blockage. A maximum (130-160% of the control activity) was reached when about 1.5-2 mol thiol groups per 10(5) g vesicular protein had reacted, in the absence of ATP and detergent. At higher extents of modification inactivation occurred. Purified ATPase behaved principally similar to native sarcoplasmic vesicles. In the presence of Mg2+ and ATP the activity maximum (up to 180% of control) was broadened and shifted towards a higher degree of thiol blockage. Concomitantly the modification and inactivation rates were considerably reduced. Glycerol (10-30%, v/v) slightly enhanced the ATPase activity maximum and reduced the rate of inactivation essentially only by decreasing the DTNB modification rate. In the presence of sufficient myristoylglycerophosphocholine for solubilization no activation was observed. The steady state level of phosphoprotein from ATP was raised to about 150% of the control level 10 s after addition of DTNB (about 1/2 thiol blocked), followed by a linear decrease with the number of thiols labeled, while the Ca2+-dependent ATPase activity of preparations modified under equivalent conditions (10(-4) M Ca2+ and 2 X 10(-3) M Mg2+ present) showed a broader maximum corresponding to 1.5 thiols blocked. PMID- 6228072 TI - Phosphorylation of Ca-ATPase of sarcoplasmic reticulum with different substrates. AB - ATP and GTP as substrate for phosphorylation of sarcoplasmic reticulum ATPase are compared. Maximal levels of phosphoenzyme are between 4.5 and 4.8 nmol per mg of protein when either substrate is used provided that phosphoenzyme hydrolysis are strongly inhibited by high calcium concentration (20 mM) and low temperatures (0 degree C). The maximal values obtained with GTP are lower than those previously reported. It is shown that this difference is due to underestimation of the specific activity of labeled nucleotides used in previous studies, as revealed by UV absorption and HPLC analysis. The dependence of the phosphoenzyme levels on calcium concentration, pH and temperature confirm previous findings indicating that ATP, but no GTP, accelerates the rate limiting step of the catalytic cycle. PMID- 6228073 TI - History taking and management of patients with coronary artery disease. PMID- 6228074 TI - [Role of zinc in the pathogenesis and treatment of acne vulgaris]. PMID- 6228075 TI - [Toxiderma due to finlepsin]. PMID- 6228076 TI - [Pathogenesis and treatment of spherical acne]. PMID- 6228078 TI - [Spontaneous extra-weak luminescence of the serum of patients with drug-induced dermatoses]. PMID- 6228077 TI - [State of the skin of workers in the manufacture of synthetic detergents with a sulfanol base]. PMID- 6228079 TI - [Biochemical studies of potentially antiarthritic drugs]. PMID- 6228082 TI - Comparison of fecal lactobacilli in mice of different strains under different housing conditions. PMID- 6228081 TI - Enzyme immunoassay for IgG and IgM antibodies against dsDNA and ssDNA. AB - Two enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) for the detection of DNA antibodies are presented, one using lambda-phage DNA for the detection of dsDNA antibodies, the other using denatured calf thymus DNA for ssDNA antibodies. It was shown that only dsDNA antibodies of the IgG class were specific for SLE. IgM dsDNA antibodies or ssDNA antibodies were not SLE-specific. Of 62 SLE patients 58% were positive for IgG-dsDNA antibodies. When only those patients with active disease were considered, 88% were positive. There was a positive correlation between the levels of IgG-dsDNA antibodies and the incidence of nephritis. When the ELISA for IgG-dsDNA antibodies was compared with the filter assay, the ELISA showed a considerably higher sensitivity. PMID- 6228080 TI - [Comparison of glycosaminoglycan polysulfate (Arteparon) and physiological saline solution in arthrosis of the large joints. Results of a multicenter double-blind study]. AB - In a double-blind study, glycosaminoglycan polysulfate (GAGPS, Arteparon) was compared to saline solution: both preparations were applied intramuscularly in two groups of 70 patients, each over a period of 8 weeks. The patients were suffering from pain and impaired function of the knee and hip joints. To assess the therapeutic efficacy, the following parameters were employed: pain, joint mobility, and walking distance. The post trial observation period lasted for 6 months. In the GAGPS group, a statistically significant improvement compared to the results in the saline group was noted during the 2nd and 6th months of observation respectively. The global assessment by investigator and patient at the end of the observation period was superior in the GAGPS group to that in the saline group. While the difference regarding the onset of pain remission between the GAGPS and the saline groups was insignificant, the rate of complete relief from pain was better in the GAGPS group, and pain worsened in fewer incidences in this group, too. Laboratory findings did not reveal any detrimental effect of either treatment with respect to hematology, blood chemistry, or urinalysis. 3 patients of the GAGPS group developed harmless hematomas of short duration at the site of injection. PMID- 6228083 TI - Biotypes, serotypes and phage types of caprine strains of Staphylococcus aureus. AB - Nine of 11 caprine strains of Staphylococcus aureus examined belong to biotype C. They were typable serologically using antisera developed for typing human strains of Staphylococcus aureus. H2 was found to be the dominant thermostable antigen whilst 1 and 0 were the most common thermolabile antigens. Some strains possessed protein A and poly A beta (beta-glucosaminyl ribitol teichoic acid). Phage typing of the strains was achieved with an international set of phages for typing human strains of Staphylococcus aureus and they belong to phage groups II, and the mixed group. PMID- 6228085 TI - [Early ultrastructural findings on lymph node sinuses]. AB - Submandibular and mesenteric lymph nodes of Chiroptera (Rinolophus f.e. and Pipistrellus p.) display a marginal sinus, located between the capsule and the cortical parenchima. There are also trabecular sinuses, which deepen in both the cortical and paracortical zones and medullary sinuses in the zona medullary. All the above mentioned sinuses are made up of a distinct endothelial cell wall lying on a variably thick layer of amorphous substance and collagen fibers. Moreover, the endothelial subcapsular wall of the marginal sinus and the endothelium lying the connective tissue septa form a continuous layer, whereas the endothelium adjacent to the parenchima in the marginal, trabecular and medullary sinuses exhibits and interrupted course, so as to allow a free to and from passage of cells between the parenchimal and sinus compartments. The Authors also compare the ultrastructural features of the lymph node sinuses in Chiroptera with those of other mammals including man. PMID- 6228084 TI - [1st attempt at dilating spastic cerebral arteries in the acute stage of rupture of arterial aneurysms]. AB - The article deals with the substantiation, techniques, and possibilities of treating long-term spasm of the cerebral vessels in patients with ruptured arterial aneurysms by means of an intravascular intervention, dilatation of the spastic vessels with a balloon catheter. Thirty-three large cerebral vessels (internal carotid arteries, the basilar artery, and their branches) were dilated in 13 patients. Vasodilation could not be accomplished in only one patient in the group discussed. The increase in the vascular lumen proved to be stable, and the functional state of the brain in patients subjected to surgical treatment of spasm of the cerebral vessels improved. The authors discuss the indications for and the performance of the suggested intervention, the time of its performance, the boundaries of vasodilatation, and possible mechanisms of circulation improvement in the brain stem. The duration of the effect of dilatation of the spastic cerebral vessels is, according to the authors, the most complex problem. PMID- 6228086 TI - [Laryngocele. Possibilities and limitations of surgical treatment under direct microlaryngoscopy]. AB - Three cases of laryngocele are reported, which were managed by surgery under direct microlaryngoscopy with excellent clinical and functional results, both at short and long term. According to the classification of Y. Lacomme, two patients had an internal or vestibular laryngocele, which was of the low type in one of them and of the middle type in the other. In the first case the pouch and the false vocal fold lying over it were completely removed under direct microlaryngoscopy. In the second case the laringeal cavity was marsupialized after extensive resection of the false fold and part of the lateral wall of the vestibule. Over a short period of time both patients were symptom-free and eventually recovered completely. In the third case tha laryngocele was of a classic mixed type. The patient, who risked suffocation, was elderly (77 years of age) and extremely debilitated. A few days earlier he had had an emergency tracheotomy for severe respiratory failure. Surgery under direct microlaryngoscopy consisted in removing the false fold and the internal laryngocele. About one and ahalf months later, the tracheostomy opening had closed and the latero-cervical pouch had been gradually reduced. The latter was drained abundantly into the laryngeal lumen and remained as an external laryngocele. When the patient is in good enough condition, the laryngocele will be completely removed by means of the most suitable among the common external approach surgical techniques. PMID- 6228087 TI - [Progesterone-induced changes in the endometrium. Ultrastructural studies of castrated, adrenalectomized and hypophysectomized impuberal rats]. AB - Research has been made on the progesterone-induced effects upon endometrium on impuberal rats (either intact, or castrated, or castrated and adrenalectomized, or hypophysectomized) after an acute or a protracted treatment, which were made every third hour all through the day. It resulted that the hormone basically shows two distinct activities. The first one causes a modest awakening of the anabolical functions both in the lining and in the glandular epithelia, which results in the building up of small amounts of lipid and glycogen. The second one involves the lamina propria as well, and brings about morphological effects which can be superposed on those induced by estrogens. The former seems an autonomous activity and can mainly be found after long-lasting treatments. The latter, on the contrary is influenced by the administration time and can be detected only during a.m. treatments whereas it cannot be detected during p.m. and night treatments. Besides it is influenced by the hypophysal activity and in particular by gonadotropins. The possible mechanism of these influences are discussed. PMID- 6228088 TI - [Computerized axial tomography in the study of orbital pathology]. AB - In recent years, C.A.T. has revolutionized the diagnostic iter in the field of orbitary pathology. Although echotomography has reached very good results in this field, C.A.T. still remains, according to the Authors the most reliable diagnostic approach, because of its excellent insight of normal and pathological orbital material. the analysis of personal casistics of 120 orbital tomodensitometric examinations has proved this event, especially as retrobulbar expansive pathology is concerned. PMID- 6228089 TI - Identification of macrophages and of a T-lymphocytes subpopulation in normal human lymphnode by histochemical demonstration of alpha-naphthyl-acetate esterasic activity. AB - The cell population of normal human lymphnode was studied by a histochemical technique showing alpha-naphthyl-acetate-esterasic activity. Two distinct cell populations were evidenced: a) macrophagic cells, bearing a diffused ANAE cytoplasmic positivity, most of which were in the subcapsular area, whereas a minority of them was found within the lymphatic nodules and the paracortical area; b) lymphocytic cells, bearing on ANAE positive cytoplasmic spot, most of which were in the paracortical area, whereas a minority of them was found within the lymphatic nodules. A discussion of the results we got, as compared with those which are reported by literature, confirms what is already well-known about the cell colonization of the various areas in the lymphnode. Besides it gives a chance to identify lymphocytes bearing an ANAE positive cytoplasmic spot with T lymphocytes belonging to the "helper-inducer" subclass. PMID- 6228090 TI - [Comparative study of pre and post-operative dynamic respiratory indices in subjects undergoing total laryngectomy]. AB - A spirometric measurement was carried out on patients with cancer of the laryn before and after surgery for total laryngectomy at the Istituto Policattedra of the University of Parma ENT Clinic. Postoperative spirometry was performed by means of a Vitalograph apparatus with the mouthpiece positioned right over the tracheal opening. The parameters considered were the dynamic respiratory indices (CV/MEVS - MEVS/CV). Forty patients was mostly based on the fact that, prior to laringectomy, all of them had been subjected to a spirometric measurement for aneasthesiologic purposes. According to the results obtained, the patients can be divided into three groups. The first group consists of 10 subjects in whom no improvement was observed in their MEVS value, which in some instances had actually worsened. The second group is composed of 20 patients in whom the spirometric values remained more or less steady. The third group comprises 20 patients who showed a marked improvement of their respiratory indices. In some of the latter patients the values obtained were even better than those in the normal range. However, the overall average results are not statistically significant, except for an average 9% improvement of MEVS due, as expected, to a reduction of the dead space following total laryngectomy and a corresponding, though very slight, 4% improvement of the Tiffenau ratio. PMID- 6228091 TI - [Arteriosclerosis obliterans of the lower limbs. Epidemiological study of the risk factors]. AB - Chronic arterial occlusive disease of lower limbs is recognized as a typical multifactorial disease, but the role of some risk factors is still debated, because contrasting results have been obtained in epidemiological studies. We investigated the prevalence of hypercolesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, hypertension, smoking habits and diabetes in a population of 172 patients with peripheral arterial disease admitted to the III and V Medical Division of the "Ospedale Regionale" of Parma in the period January 1979 - April 1983, and in a control group of 174 subjects comparable for age and sex, free of clinical symptoms or signs of atherosclerosis. Statistically significant (p less than 0,005) increases in the prevalence of hypercolesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, smoking and hypertension were found in vascular patients compared with controls, the relative risk for the various considered factors being respectively: 6.40; 4.72; 4.03; 3.16. PMID- 6228092 TI - [Evaluation of the redox status of neoplastic patients]. AB - Free radicals and peroxides of our organism, that are very unstable, are now recognized as a product of biological oxido-reductive processes. The evaluation of free radicals and peroxides in blood was done by counting Heinz-bodies (H.B.) (Beutler method). The Authors examined 40 healthy subjects, at rest, and 37 neoplastic patients (19 carcinomas, 10 leukemias, 8 lymphomas) at the admission to hospital. The results show that the rate per cent of H.B. in neoplastic patients is significantly higher than in healthy subjects. According to us, neoplastic patients have free radicals hematic levels higher than healthy volunteers. PMID- 6228093 TI - [Use of the Montgomery prosthesis in the treatment and prevention of anterior commissural synechiae secondary to bilateral cordectomy]. AB - The authors report the results obtained with the use of the Montgomery silicone prosthesis for the prevention or treatment of thick and sometimes partially stenosing synechiae of the anterior commissure following bilateral cordectomy by median thyrotomy. The umbrella-shaped prosthesis consists of two silicone sheets which are perpendicular to each other. The vertical sheet is of variable length and, once placed in position, it separates at the anterior commissure the two portions of larynx operated on, so that they may be adequately reepithelized. This procedure was used in three patients undergoing internal subperichondral cordectomy by median thyrotomy, due to a malignancy in both vocal folds which, however, was not extended to the anterior commissure. In two patients the prosthesis was fitted in during the main surgical procedure to prevent an excess of scar tissue; in the third patient, by contrast, it was used to treat a thick, partially stenosing synechia in the commissure secondary to cordectomy, which had already been unsuccessfully managed under direct microlaryngoscopy. In the three patients the prostheses were left in place for 2 and a half, 3, and 3 and a half months, respectively, with no major irritation or inflammation inside the larynx. No supportive tracheotomy had to be performed, and only in one case was the prosthesis secured externally by percutaneous stitching. On indirect laryngoscopy several months after the prosthesis was removed, two patients showed a perfectly healed larynx; in the third patient a very small amount of scar tissue in excess was still present, but it did not affect his respiratory function. PMID- 6228094 TI - [Removal and preparation of the saphenous vein in aortocoronary bypass operations: proposed technic]. AB - Mechanical trauma to saphenous vein harvested and prepared for coronary artery bypass grafting may results in early and late graft occlusion due to subendothelial proliferation and to accelerated atherosclerosis. The distention of the vein a high pressure to overcome spasm and to identify leaks causes most of these pathological changes. On the basis of these considerations we developed a careful technique of vein removal and a convenient system to irrigate veins at controlled and limited pressures. PMID- 6228095 TI - [Risk of accidents to hospital personnel]. AB - The industrial accident phenomenon among personnel on duty in the hospital ambit requires further studies, also for the distinctive aspects that it presents as regards that may be found in the factory. The authors, for this end, have conducted an analysis about industrial accidents happened in the hospitals of Parma in 1977 and in 1978, with reference to the different working qualifications, the sex and the age of the staff, the kind of the suffered lesion, the affected bodily seat and the traumatic event on the occasion of which the injury happened. Moreover distribution per hour of industrial accidents, in relation to shifts as well, their monthly and weekly incidence, compatibly with the difficulties of treatment of the analysis in connection with the heterogeneity, chronological too, of various working services, have been calculated. The above-mentioned survey indicates that the factors that cause a bigger risk of accident are individual factors - sex, age and job - and factors connected both with the kind of internal organization of work and with the structures of working place. PMID- 6228096 TI - [Value of angiography and echotomography in injuries of the spleen]. AB - In all the patients was performed angiography, while only 11 were studied by the means of Abdominal Ultrasonography. The Authors' aim is to evaluate the accuracy of these two methods and to define a correct diagnostic procedure. The results obtained with Angiography were 15 correct diagnosis and 1 false positive, whereas those obtained with Sonography were 7 correct diagnosis, 2 indicative diagnosis and 2 false negative. Therefore, when a patient is clinically suspected of having a traumatic spleen injury, the Authors suggest to perform an Abdominal Sonography at first. In case of evident spleen lesion, laparatomy will be directly carried out. However, if the sonographic result is negative or aspecific, it will be necessary for the patient to undergo Angiography in order to rule out possible false negative or establish the origin of endoabdominal bleeding correctly. PMID- 6228097 TI - [Evaluation of age-related changes of erythrocyte filtration]. AB - In two groups of subjects (young and elderly), the red blood cell (RBC) deformability was examined determining the filtration time by means of two different methods (filtration of whole blood and filtration of RBC suspension with hematocrit adjusted at 20%, respectively). In addition, the DFE (Debit de filtration erythrocytaire), an indirect index of capillary blood flow, was mathematically derived. Since the filtration times appear to be positively correlated with age, it is conceivable that in the elderly, erythrocytes are less deformable than in the young, and that this change may impair both capillary blood flow and tissue oxygen delivery; this alteration is further emphasized when the relationship between whole blood filtration time and hematocrit is taken into account. PMID- 6228098 TI - [Computerized management of a surgical department: preliminary report]. AB - The authors deal with the problem of the computerized management of the Department, using a TRS 80 microprocessor, with a RAM memory of 48 Kbyte. They are working for the creation of a data bank which will store the basic information of the patient hospital record in variable format, together with some specific files for a number of diseases in fixed format. The main advantages in the use of the so-called "department's microprocessor" are the great saving of time in the management of the patient's data and the more accurate analysis of the same which allows a prompt diagnostic and therapeutic feedback. PMID- 6228099 TI - [Correlations between Doppler velocimetry, arteriography and intraoperative findings in the study of carotid vascular diseases]. AB - The present paper reports the results obtained in 54 patients who underwent a non invasive cerebral vascular examination by doppler technique, followed by a cerebral angiography: a total of 86 carotid arteries were compared. An overall accuracy between arteriographic and ultrasonographic results was found in 69 arteries whereas in 15 arteries there was a discordance; and in only 3 cases ultrasonographic findings resulted false negative. The Authors have also considered the emodinamic and anatomo pathological results obtained in 23 carotid arteries operated on, in order to evaluate ophthalmic test accuracy and noninvasive evaluation of Willis's circle. The Authors have reached the conclusion that doppler technique appears to be inadequate in case of turbulent flow due to arterial dilatation or to non significant stenosis. In addition they have noticed a better reliability of emodinamic findings and a poor accuracy of the ophthalmic test. PMID- 6228100 TI - [Cancer of the lung: software construction for data filing and processing]. AB - Within the framework of "Neoplastic growth control", a N.R.C. Project developed in Italy on a national scale, the authors report their initial experience in the use of a microcomputer to file and process a number of data regarding all the patients with lung cancer treated by medical or surgical therapy since 1978. The hardware consists of a TRS 80 microcomputer with a RAM memory of 48 Kbyte, while the software is designed to file and process the data of about 2000 patients. Each patient is identified by 122 parameters. 80 cases have been stored up to now. Allowing a more efficient data analysis, this highly versatile programme will facilitate the management of the hospitalized patients and the backward and prospective evaluation of the different cases. In fact, the accurate and prompt availability of all the necessary information is a major step towards the selection of the best treatment for each patient. PMID- 6228101 TI - [Stenosis of the common trunk of the left coronary artery: operative indications and risks]. AB - 39 patients with left main coronary artery stenosis (17% of all coronary patients) have been operated of myocardial revascularization from January 1982 to May 1983. 21 patients had right coronary artery occlusion; 17 had peripheral coronary artery stenosis, 3.58 bypass grafts/patient have been implanted; in 11 patients (28%) myocardial revascularization was thought incomplete. There have been 2 postoperative deaths (5.1%) and 3 myocardial infarctions (7.7%). Authors believe that in this group of patients operative risk is higher than in patients with 3 vessel disease (less than 2% in 1982) because, in sight of the poor short term prognosis with conservative therapy, there is surgical indication even in the presence of peripheral stenosis. Frequent clinic and haemodynamic critical status of these patients worsen operative risk so that any technical fault may be lethal. PMID- 6228102 TI - [Lesions of the oral mucosa caused by drugs and drug combinations]. AB - The drugs and drug combinations responsible for cutaneo-mucosae reactions are extremely numerous and only the most frequently responsible are mentioned. Pathogenic processes are described: immune-allergic, overdosing, idiosynerasy, drug interactions, etc... Alterations provoked are various and vary from erythema up to acute skin necrosis. We would suggest caution, in prescribing drugs and drug combinations. PMID- 6228103 TI - [Legal provisions regarding the repeal and annulment of disability pensions]. AB - The rapporteur after hawing having illustrated the significance of the revocation and the annulment of the invalid pension legislative measures much are not of a discretional nature, but an obliged legislative power of the public administration--has underlined that they must be used when the qualifications which x caused the recognition of the state of invalidity no longer exists or when it has been ascertained that they have never existed. It is discussed the role which the improvement in the psyco-physical conditions, the fact of the re occupation of the invalid, the moment of the arisal of the infirmities, and of the physical mental defects and the charged attitude of the worker in the different and new occupations can play in judging the revocation. During the course of the lawful revision, the criteria of the judgement of the legal doctor must be the same as those adopted at the moment of the concession of the invalidity, without the need to proceed in comparing with the previous situation. PMID- 6228104 TI - The role of ischaemia in the formation of postoperative intra-abdominal adhesions. AB - The formation of intra-abdominal adhesions was studied in animal experiments. In dogs, the peritoneal lining was eliminated on the left side of the abdominal wall, while ischaemia was elicited contralaterally by suturing the main vessels. Two to seven weeks later no omental adhesion could be found on the abdominal wall deprived of peritoneum, while it developed in 11 of the 13 operated animals in the ischaemic area. PMID- 6228105 TI - Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty. A review. PMID- 6228106 TI - Social cost of twin births. AB - This study analyzes costs for neonatal care and costs for care of handicapped children related to twin pregnancies and births. These costs are highly related to the unfavorable birthweight distribution for twins. Each twin pregnancy may cost 10 times more than a single pregnancy. This economic analysis favors all kinds of preventive policies and a calculation is proposed for measuring the probable effect in costs of even a slight decrease in the proportion of very low and low birthweight for twins. PMID- 6228107 TI - Ultrastructure of muscle spindle in congenital myotonic dystrophy. A study of preterm infant muscle spindles. AB - The muscle spindle in the preterm infants with congenital myotonic dystrophy consisted of numerous, unfused intrafusal fibers. These fibers showed immature myofilament arrangement at 27 weeks but had the nuclear arrangement of bag and chain type. The motor endings were very sparse while prominent sensory endings were seen. At 34-37 weeks, even though the muscle fibers were unfused, the nuclear bag and chain fibers could be differentiated by the presence and absence of M line. Immature motor endings were seen at this stage. In conclusion, the muscle spindle in the preterm infants is immature. PMID- 6228109 TI - [Improvement on Saunders' method for computing pharmacokinetic parameters]. PMID- 6228108 TI - Transient abnormal myelopoiesis followed by acute megakaryoblastic leukemia with extramedullary tumors. An autopsied case of Down's syndrome. AB - An autopsied case of acute megakaryoblastic leukemia is described in a 20 months old, Japanese female infant with Down's syndrome. She presented spontaneous remission of transient abnormal myelopoiesis in her neonatal period, which was followed by acute megakaryoblastic leukemia 1 year later. The clinical picture of acute megakaryoblastic leukemia was initially characterized by peripheral pancytopenia with a few blasts, the absence of hepatosplenomegaly, but ended in overt leukemia characterized by increase of blasts, marked hepatosplenomegaly, and elevated LDH. She died 6 months after the onset at 20 months of age. Autopsy findings revealed widespread leukemic infiltration comprised of megakaryoblasts and megakaryocytes, and extramedullary tumors in the left tibia, the liver, both kidneys, and the endocardium of the heart. Identification of the megakaryocytic cell line was performed in immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy. Chromosomal analyses of peripheral blood disclosed 47, XX, +21, in her neonatal period but disclosed 48, XX, +G, +G, in acute megakaryoblastic leukemia. PMID- 6228110 TI - [Effects of morphine and its analogs on M-cholinoceptor binding affinity in the rat brain]. PMID- 6228111 TI - [Effects of dexamethasone and a locus coeruleus lesion on morphine analgesia, electro-acupuncture analgesia and stress analgesia]. PMID- 6228112 TI - [Central antimuscarinic cholinergic effects of scopolamine and other cholinergic antagonists]. PMID- 6228113 TI - Convulsant effects of kainic acid and dihydrofolate are antagonized by sodium valproate. PMID- 6228114 TI - [Effects of dielsin B on nerve-muscle preparations]. PMID- 6228115 TI - [Effects of changrolin on electrophysiological properties of canine Purkinje fibers]. PMID- 6228116 TI - [Antagonistic effects of tetrandrine on ouabain-induced contraction of coronary arterial strips]. PMID- 6228118 TI - Antispermatogenic activity of gossypol in rats on low-potassium diet. PMID- 6228117 TI - [Influence of a fluorocarbon blood substitute on phagocytic function of the liver and spleen]. PMID- 6228119 TI - [Estradiol derivatives: relationship between uterotrophic activity and affinity to the cytosol receptor]. PMID- 6228120 TI - [Effects of Qinghaosu (artemisinine) in oil on ultrastructure of the myocardium in rhesus monkeys]. PMID- 6228121 TI - [Isolation and identification of the metabolite of artemisinine in human]. PMID- 6228122 TI - [Absorption, distribution and excretion of artemether in mice and rats]. PMID- 6228123 TI - [Mutagenicity and teratogenicity of furapyrimidone]. PMID- 6228124 TI - Interaction between Clostridium difficile toxin A and mammalian cells. PMID- 6228125 TI - [Anti-inflammatory effect of Bacillus subtilis neutral protease]. PMID- 6228126 TI - Detection of DR antigen on leukemic cells from a patient suffering from adult T cell leukemia and progressive systemic sclerosis. AB - This report concerns an unusual case of adult T cell leukemia (ATL) complicated with progressive systemic sclerosis (PSS). The surface markers of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBM) and lymph node cells, both of which mainly consisted of leukemic cells, were examined. The effect of these cells on the pokeweed mitogen (PWM)-induced IgG synthesis by normal PBM also was studied. The leukemic cells formed rosettes with sheep red blood cells (SRBC; E) and expressed T cell antigen, Leu-1, and DR antigen. The detection of cell surface antigens was carried out by employing monoclonal antibodies against these antigens. We diagnosed this case as DR positive ATL. In terms of the immunoregulatory function of these leukemic cells, the co-culture experiments showed that these cells had some suppressive effect on the PWM-induced IgG production by allogeneic normal PBM. PMID- 6228127 TI - Fifty cases of elective nephrolithotomy. An analysis of the technique, results and complications. PMID- 6228128 TI - Anomalous ossicle of the articular process: arthrography and facet block. PMID- 6228130 TI - A microcomputer communication game for hearing-impaired students. PMID- 6228129 TI - Regulation of IgE antibody synthesis. AB - It is well established that IgE-antibodies against allergens are involved in allergic diseases. Thus, the regulation of IgE antibody synthesis appears to be a fundamental approach to its treatment. The mechanisms of the IgE-antibody response are somehow different from IgG production. It appears that the immunocompetent cells involved are distinct and exert a different susceptibility with regard to IgE- and IgG antibody production. A more precise under-standing of the cellular processes involved in IgE-antibody production will lead to novel immunotherapeutic approaches of allergic disease processes. PMID- 6228131 TI - Late pregnancy risks. PMID- 6228132 TI - Pathologic measurements in aortic atresia. AB - Detailed autopsy measurements were performed in 13 infants with hypoplastic left ventricle and aortic atresia. Emphasis was placed on the evaluation of changes in the right ventricle, since its function may be important in determining surgical survival. Other important aspects were the ascending aortic and transverse aortic arch diameter, the presence of left atrial obstruction, and the size of the left atrium. The development of improved 2DE and Doppler imaging will permit preoperative and sequential evaluation of these parameters. Measurements performed in this study may serve as a basis for selection of infants for palliative surgery; these procedures are being undertaken more frequently in this hitherto fatal lesion. The measurements may also serve as a basis for noninvasive serial studies of these infants postoperatively. PMID- 6228133 TI - Descriptive characteristics of the electrocardiogram from autopsied men free of cardiopulmonary disease--a basis for evaluating criteria for ventricular hypertrophy. AB - Most measurements establishing standard values for the normal electrocardiogram have been derived from a healthy population, whereas many electrocardiographic interpretations are necessary in hospitalized or seriously ill patients. Therefore, the characteristics of the electrocardiogram were described from 48 autopsied men known to be free of cardiopulmonary disease by clinical assessment and by a special cardiac examination using postmortem coronary angiography and a chamber partition technique. Highest values, mean and standard deviation, and the upper 97.5 percentile or lower 2.5 percentile when appropriate were noted for QRS voltage, QRS axis and duration, and intrinsicoid deflection in V5 or V6. Any ST segment and T-wave changes were noted as well as left and right atrial abnormalities. Twenty-eight electrocardiographic criteria recommended to detect left ventricular hypertrophy and 10 recommended to detect right ventricular hypertrophy were evaluated for percentage of false-positive results and the 97.5 percentile value for each criterion was developed from the present data base. The data in this study can be used as a standard for comparing electrocardiographic variation in middle-aged men with specific relevance for electrocardiographic criteria of ventricular hypertrophy. PMID- 6228134 TI - Determinants of transstenotic gradients observed during angioplasty: an experimental model. AB - Pressure gradient measurement across a stenosis is used during angioplasty to aid catheter positioning and estimate dilatation efficacy. The angioplasty catheter itself, however, further reduces lumen size, and therefore augments the transstenotic gradient. To more precisely define the catheter influence on gradient, we derived a theoretical expression relating the measured gradient with the angioplasty catheter in situ to the "true" gradient; that is, the gradient in the absence of the angioplasty catheter. We then tested this theoretical construct in a canine femoral artery angioplasty model. Fifty-four measurements were performed using 23 separate, 3-mm-long, 40 to 70% stenoses. As predicted by the theoretic model, "true" gradient is compounded by the angioplasty catheter principally as a function of the angioplasty catheter diameter (Dc) and the stenosis diameter (Ds). The best-fit curve of data points relating "true" and compounded gradients to various Dc and Ds combinations can be expressed as: Measured gradient = K X true gradient, where K = 0.25 (e)4.47 (Dc divided by Ds) and e = 2.718. Thus, the transstenotic gradient measured at angioplasty overestimates "true" resting gradient in a predictable manner, which is dependent on the ratio of Dc to Ds. PMID- 6228135 TI - Relations between 2-dimensional echocardiographic wall thickening abnormalities, myocardial infarct size and coronary risk area in normal and hypertrophied myocardium in dogs. AB - Systolic wall thickening abnormalities are sensitive indicators of ischemia and infarction. One purpose of this investigation was to assess the relation between coronary risk area, infarct size and wall thickening abnormalities (dyskinesia) using 2-dimensional echocardiography (2-D echo) in a closed-chest conscious dog model of acute myocardial infarction. The second purpose was to study the effects of systemic hypertension (SH) and left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy on these relations. Our hypothesis was that the infarct size and the extent of 2D echocardiographic dyskinesia would be quantitatively different in SH-LV hypertrophy, a condition in which coronary vascular reserve is diminished. Permanent circumflex coronary occlusion was performed in 15 conscious normal dogs and in 14 dogs with LV hypertrophy secondary to renal hypertension. Two dimensional echocardiograms were obtained before, 20 minutes after and 2 days after coronary occlusion. The systolic wall thickening along 12 equidistant radii was analyzed in short-axis images. Percent dyskinesia on 2-D echo was defined as the percentage of radii showing systolic thinning. Infarct size was determined pathologically and risk area was determined angiographically. For a given risk area, coronary occlusion resulted in a larger infarction in dogs with SH-LV hypertrophy than in normal dogs (p less than 0.05). Two-dimensional echocardiographic dyskinesia correlated well with infarct size both at 20 minutes (r = 0.92) and 2 days (r = 0.94); dyskinesia modestly overestimated the infarct size and underestimated the risk area. The relations were similar in both normal and SH-LV hypertrophy groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6228136 TI - Thymidylate synthetase inhibitors and fragile site expression in lymphocytes. AB - The ability of three thymidylate synthetase inhibitors, fluorodeoxyuridine, fluorodeoxycytidine, and trifluorothymidine, to induce the expression of eight different folate-sensitive fragile sites has been investigated in 22 patients and compared with the efficacy of simple folate deprivation for inducing fragile site expression. Fluorodeoxyuridine and fluorodeoxycytidine were equal in their ability to elicit fragile site expression but fluorodeoxycytidine proved less cytotoxic under comparable culture conditions. Both fluorodeoxyuridine and fluorodeoxycytidine were found to be more efficient than trifluorothymidine at comparable concentrations but less efficient than simple folate deprivation in eliciting fragile site expression in lymphocytes. Since the three inhibitors induced expression of eight different folate-sensitive fragile sites, it is likely that all folate-sensitive fragile sites have a common underlying mechanism of expression. The practical application of thymidylate synthetase inhibitors in the routine detection of heritable fragile sites is discussed. PMID- 6228137 TI - Decreased HLA heterogeneity in parents of children with Down syndrome. AB - HLA-A and B antigens were determined in a study of 37 couples and their children with trisomy 21 Down syndrome (DS), using a standard microlymphocytotoxicity test. The comparison groups included 76 couples and their healthy children. All individuals were Caucasians from the same geographical area, and there was no history of consanguinity. The parents of children with DS did not show an association with a specific HLA antigen or haplotype. Sixteen of the 37 couples (43.24%) having children with DS share two or more antigens at the A and/or B locus. This was significantly higher than the proportion in the control group (6/76, or 7.88%). Of the 16 couples having children with DS and sharing two or more antigens, eight had a haplotype in common, in contrast with only two couples in the control group. The data suggest that sharing of parental HLA-A and B antigens may be related either to the occurrence of trisomy 21 zygotes or to prenatal survival of affected embryos and fetuses. PMID- 6228138 TI - An analysis for paternal-age effect in Ohio's Down syndrome births, 1970-1980. AB - The purpose of this study was to analyze Down syndrome (DS) births during 1970 1980 in the State of Ohio for a paternal-age effect independent of maternal age. Birth certificates and chromosome analysis records were used to ascertain 1,244 white DS births, which by capture-recapture methodology were estimated to comprise two-thirds of all white DS births in Ohio for this period. The control data consisted of 1,667,210 white live births in Ohio during the same period. One method of statistical analysis was a case-control comparison, which for each single-year maternal age compares the mean paternal age for controls with each observed DS paternal age. No statistically significant paternal-age effect was found in nine of the 11 years. For two of the years, and for all years combined, the DS fathers were significantly younger than the fathers of controls. When the data were subdivided according to ascertainment, one subpopulation--those DS individuals obtained from birth certificates alone--also showed a statistically significant negative paternal-age effect. The Mantel-Haenszel test was also applied to these data. Assuming no paternal-age effect, a lower rate of DS births than expected was found at paternal ages greater than or equal to 40, but not at greater than or equal to 45, greater than or equal to 50, or greater than or equal to 55. These same methods were used to test for a maternal-age effect. In each of the 11 years and over all 11 years combined, a strong and statistically significant positive maternal-age effect was detected. PMID- 6228139 TI - Down syndrome rates and relaxed selection at older maternal ages. AB - Preferential survival in older mothers of fetuses with Down syndrome has been proposed as contributing to the maternal-age effect of this condition. If correct, this provocative hypothesis, which may be termed "relaxed selection," has major implications for approaches to prevention of Down syndrome live births in older women. Several predictions of this hypothesis are examined here by comparisons of parental ages among various populations. These revealed that: (1) mean maternal age of Down syndrome live births is slightly lower than that of Down syndrome spontaneous fetal deaths; (2) mean maternal age of those with mutant D/21 translocation Down syndrome is about the same as that of controls; (3) the ages of Down syndrome mothers who have Down syndrome live births is slightly lower than ages of Down syndrome mothers who have unaffected live births; and (4) in recent data on 47, +21 cases in which the extra chromosome 21 is of paternal origin, the mean maternal ages are 4-5 years lower than the maternal ages of cases of maternal origin (in contrast to earlier reports). All of these observations are contrary to the hypothesis that relaxed selection contributes significantly to the maternal-age association of Down syndrome. If there is any effect of relaxed selection, it is likely to be very weak and/or act primarily upon abortions that occur before recognition of pregnancy. PMID- 6228140 TI - Human chromosome analysis: methodology and applications. AB - This issue focuses on the rapidly developing field of human cytogenetics. The first article discusses the methodology used in the study of human chromosomes as well as its application in the diagnosis of chromosomal disorders. The second article discusses the application of chromosome analysis to the diagnosis and prognosis of hematologic malignancies, and the final article illustrates clues found on a peripheral blood smear that lead to the diagnosis of a chromosomal disorder. PMID- 6228141 TI - Hematological abnormalities in newborn infants with Down syndrome. AB - The hematological status of 81 infants with Down syndrome was reviewed retrospectively. Twenty babies had no hematological evaluation, 33 had a normal hematological status, and 28 had at least one abnormality, either of hematocrit, white cell count, or platelet count. Among these were 18 babies with increased hematocrit, one with decreased hematocrit, four with decreased platelet count, one with increased white cell count, three with increased hematocrit and decreased platelet count, and one with increased platelet count and increased white cell count. Some of these babies were evaluated for neoplasia or sepsis; however, in all the abnormal blood findings disappeared by 3 weeks without evidence of malignancy or infection. We conclude that hematological abnormalities with a benign natural history are common in Down syndrome infants. PMID- 6228142 TI - The genetics of quantitative plasma Lp(a): analysis of a large pedigree. AB - Likelihood analysis using the mixed model of quantitative plasma Lp(a) measurements on members of a large pedigree provided evidence that high levels of Lp(a) are inherited as a dominant major gene with polygenic background. The dominant allele frequency was estimated as 0.10. The major gene and polygenic components together accounted for 95% of the variation seen in the measurements. The major gene index and OBP plots, methods that do not allow for the presence of both components, favored the polygenic model over the major gene model as the mode of inheritance. No association was found with any of the lipids, lipoproteins or apolipoproteins considered. PMID- 6228143 TI - Association between age of onset and parental inheritance in Huntington chorea. PMID- 6228144 TI - Ring chromosome 21 in phenotypically apparently normal persons: report of two families from Switzerland and Italy. AB - If a ring 21, originating from breaks close to the telomere of 21q and anywhere in 21p, replaces a normal 21, it may be associated with an apparently normal phenotype. An apparently normal mother and son were ascertained by a prenatal chromosome study. A second mother, with a ring 21 but without gross anomalies, is short of stature, has epilepsy and has a low normal intelligence. He daughter is a mosaic: 46,XX/47,XX,+r(21) and has the Down's syndrome. None of these four persons was found to have mitoses with more than one ring 21 or with rings of double size. PMID- 6228145 TI - Correlates of sociometric status among TMR children in regular classrooms. AB - Nineteen trainable mentally retarded children integrated individually into regular primary school classes were rated by teachers and parents on checklists of problem behavior and by teachers on five areas of school competency. Nonretarded children in the same classes completed a sociometric questionnaire. The TMR children as a group were below average in sociometric status, but scores varied widely. Sociometric status was not associated with behavior ratings but was negatively correlated with all areas of school competency. PMID- 6228146 TI - Inhibition of Candida albicans--induced lymphocyte proliferation by lymphocytes and sera from women with recurrent vaginitis. AB - To investigate whether there was an immunologic basis for recurrent Candida albicans-induced vaginitis, peripheral blood lymphocytes were isolated from six women with this disorder and from six healthy control women. No differences were observed in the proliferative responses of peripheral blood lymphocytes to mitogens. However, only the control peripheral blood lymphocytes proliferated in response to a C. albicans extract. Furthermore, patients' lymphocytes or serum suppressed the proliferative response of control lymphocytes to C. albicans but not to mitogens. Women with recurrent C. albicans vaginitis appear to produce Candida-specific suppressor lymphocytes which block the cellular immune response to this organism. PMID- 6228147 TI - Virilizing congenital adrenal hyperplasia with normal dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate. PMID- 6228148 TI - Effect of occupational therapy intervention on bathing independence of disabled persons. AB - This study was done to demonstrate whether or not occupational therapy intervention increases bathing independence for disabled persons. The bathing section of the Klein-Bell Activities of Daily Living Scale was administered to 19 physically disabled subjects before and after bathing training was completed by occupational therapists. All 19 subjects showed improvement in their ability to bathe themselves. PMID- 6228149 TI - Interface modalities of technical aids used by people with disability. AB - The objective of this paper was to present some initial thoughts and concepts on the subject of the interface "mechanisms" used between individuals with disability and their technical aids. These interface modalities are considered to be of primary importance in matching adaptive aids to the needs of these individuals. With this in mind, a number of basic premises concerning technical aids, user needs, and user environments are discussed. In addition, an initial framework is presented that describes a series of different levels of interface types. It is hoped that this framework will promote a greater insight into the inherent complexity of interface modalities and thereby stimulate further study. PMID- 6228150 TI - Use of forced preferential looking for measurement of visual acuity in a population of neurologically impaired children. AB - The forced preferential looking (FPL) technique has been used clinically, to assess visual acuity in infants for the past decade. It is generally accepted that the effectiveness of the procedure extends to the upper limit of 10 months of age. The authors discuss clinical observations on the viability of FPL as an effective technique in the measurement of visual acuity in an older population of neurologically impaired children. PMID- 6228151 TI - Antiinflammatory effects of endotoxin. Inhibition of rabbit polymorphonuclear leukocyte responses to complement (C5)-derived peptides in vivo and in vitro. AB - Although capable of provoking a variety of inflammatory effects, endotoxin (bacterial lipopolysaccharide) paradoxically has been reported to be antiinflammatory. The authors have found that single intravenous injections of Escherichia coli endotoxin, 24 hours before challenge, inhibit almost completely the vascular permeability changes and exudation of polymorphonuclear leukocytes induced in rabbit skin by reversed passive Arthus reactions. Whereas intravenous injections of endotoxin also caused modest inhibition of the vascular permeability changes induced in rabbit skin by the synthetic peptide N-formyl methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP), exudation of polymorphonuclear leukocytes was unaffected. Polymorphonuclear leukocytes from rabbits given single injected doses of endotoxin exhibited markedly diminished chemotactic and degranulation responses to complement (C5)-derived peptides in vitro. Responses of these cells to FMLP, however, were normal. These data suggest that selective suppression of polymorphonuclear leukocyte responses to C5-derived peptides accounts, in part, for the antiinflammatory effects of endotoxin. PMID- 6228152 TI - Population distribution in North and Central America of PGM1 and Gc subtypes as determined by isoelectric focusing (IEF). AB - Gc subtypes of 20 North and Central American populations and PCM1 subtypes in 11 populations were analyzed to identify interpopulation variation of the respective gene frequencies for common alleles. A total of 23,304 phenotypings were done. Absolute heterozygosity levels (D) generally increased twofold when phenotyping by isoelectric focusing was compared with conventional electrophoresis. Graphic representation of the Gc subtypes and multivariate analysis to identify genetic affinities of the populations under study reveal genetic clusters consistent with major historical and geographical groupings of man. PMID- 6228153 TI - Occupational health in the People's Republic of China. AB - China's drive to modernize its economy will produce new occupational health problems even as it resolves earlier ones. Well aware of this, Chinese occupational health experts are intensifying efforts to improve workers' health and establish a modern occupational health program. Occupational lung disease, occupational cancer, heavy metal poisoning, industrial chemical poisoning, and physical factor-induced diseases (noise and heat) have all been targeted for expanded research which will serve as a basis for standard setting. Hazard control efforts include engineering controls, particularly in new construction, limited use of personal protective equipment, and expansion of environmental and medical monitoring. Worker education and professional activities have been expanded. International exchanges have been initiated and will prove occupational health a promising area of scientific cooperation. PMID- 6228154 TI - T-lymphocyte subsets during pregnancy and the menstrual cycle. AB - Many observations suggest that cellular immunity is depressed during gestation. To define alterations in subsets of circulating lymphocytes during pregnancy, we compared the percentages of total T cells, T helper cells, and T suppressor cells in the peripheral blood of 31 pregnant women at various stages of gestation with those in that of nonpregnant controls. Control studies consisted of five women ingesting oral contraceptives and five women menstruating spontaneously. Isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells were reacted with fluoresceinated monoclonal antibodies that were specific for Leu-2 cells, Leu-3 cells, and Leu-4 cells and that were subsequently analyzed on a fluorescence-activated cell sorter. No variation in the percentage of Leu-2, Leu-3, or Leu-4 cells was observed during the menstrual cycle or oral contraceptive cycle. No differences were seen when T cell subsets at various stages of gestation were compared with the corresponding T-cell subset in nonpregnant controls. The data suggest that pregnancy does not alter the percentage of T-cell subsets in the peripheral blood. PMID- 6228155 TI - Site of splenic autotransplantation affects protection from sepsis. AB - Using an animal model with bacteria delivered through the respiratory tract, the relative protective effects of subcutaneous and intraperitoneal splenic autotransplants were compared. Animals with intraperitoneal implants demonstrated a mortality not different from that in control animals and an early mortality significantly lower than found in splenectomized animals. Subcutaneous splenic autotransplantation provided no protective effect. The inability of extraperitoneal subcutaneous implants to protect against postsplenectomy pulmonary sepsis in our model suggests that subcutaneous splenic autotransplantation is an inappropriate alternative to intraperitoneal splenic autotransplantation in the clinical setting. PMID- 6228156 TI - [Carbohydrate histochemistry in the glands of the air-passages of Japanese macaques]. PMID- 6228157 TI - [Infrared spectroscopy of composite resins]. PMID- 6228158 TI - Strengthening the safety net: issues in appropriate care in board and care homes. PMID- 6228159 TI - A proposed method of dissection of the anterolateral abdominal wall -- applied features. AB - The dissection described allows the segmental nerve supply of the rectus abdominis to be seen in its continuity, namely: intercostal nerves seven to eleven, the subcostal and occasionally the iliohypogastric nerve as shown in Fig. 1. The advantages of transverse or interneural incisions are obvious. The medial retraction of the lower rectus after incision of the anterior part of the rectus sheath, exposing the femoral ring and pectineal ligament is a suitable approach of femoral hernia repair. The posterior part of the dissection shows the relation of subcostal nerve and the ventral ramus of the first lumbar nerve and/or its iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal branches to the superior lumbar triangle, which is of consequence in posterior approaches to the kidney. A lateral cutaneous branch, which normally comes off the iliohypogastric nerve also crosses the field. Brief mention is made concerning the anatomy of local anesthesia for inguinal hernia repair. PMID- 6228160 TI - Contributions to the morphology of the human coronary sinus. AB - The configuration and morphological features of the coronary sinus (c.s.) were studied on 54 human adult hearts. The c.s. has on an average 36 mm in length and 9 mm in diameter. The most frequent is the cylindrical configuration (67%), then follows the so-called "wafer" form (19%) and the funnel shaped c.s. (13%). The valve of Vieussens was present in 78%, but well developed only in 6% of the cases. The classical opening of the middle and small cardiac veins into c.s. was remarked in 28%; for the rest the particular forms described in this work make themselves obvious. The large tributaries of c.s. are provided with ostial valves in a percentage of 41%. The form and dimensions of the Thebesius valve are very variable; it is absent in 9% of the cases. The Marshall's vein appears as an obturated cord in a proportion of 20%. In each case there was found on the surface of the c.s. a myocardial coat, consisting of two layers, which form a device having probably a constrictive function during the atrial systole. PMID- 6228161 TI - [Light and electron microscopy studies of oogenesis in the cat]. PMID- 6228162 TI - [Intercellular bridges between sex cells in the bull testicle]. PMID- 6228163 TI - Ultrastructure of spermatozoa of the Asiatic elephant (Elephas maximus). PMID- 6228164 TI - [Morphological and structural aspects of the palatine tonsil in cattle (Bos taurus) and buffalo (Bubalus buffalus)]. PMID- 6228165 TI - [Quantitative and structural changes in the submaxillary gland of the rat in response to various incisal stimuli]. PMID- 6228166 TI - Kinematics of the reciprocal apparatus in the horse. PMID- 6228167 TI - A quantitative study of muscle spindles and tendon organs in some intrinsic muscles of the hand in the bonnet monkey (Macaca radiata). AB - The number and density of muscle spindles and tendon organs have been determined in the following intrinsic muscles of the hand of bonnet monkeys: I lumbrical, II lumbrical, abductor digiti minimi, adductor pollicis, and I dorsal interosseous. All these muscles were found to be very rich in muscle spindles (17.6 to 42.31 per gram wet weight) but relatively poor in tendon organs (0.606 to 10.06 per gram wet weight). The lumbricals have very few tendon organs. The possible functional significance of these findings has been discussed. PMID- 6228168 TI - Early morphological alterations of pressure-overloaded cat right ventricular myocardium. AB - Pressure overload of the right ventricle results in an increase in ventricular mass. It also results in abnormal in vitro contractile function in advance of the onset of congestive heart failure as determined in papillary muscles removed from these ventricles. To correlate these functional abnormalities with any early underlying morphological changes, a band was placed around the proximal pulmonary artery of cats. This band restricted the lumen to 20% of normal and was left in place for 2 weeks. At that time, hemodynamic variables were measured to insure that right ventricular pressure overload had been produced. The hearts were then perfusion fixed, and papillary muscles from the right ventricle were prepared for light and transmission electron microscopy. Quantitative morphological data were obtained for the volume density both of several tissue components and of several organelles. It was found that there are significant increases in myocyte cross sectional area and diameter in hypertrophied tissue with a concurrent increase in the volume density of interstitial tissue. There are no alterations in the volume density of organelles in the hypertrophied myocytes. We suggest that the substantial increase in the proportion of connective tissue and the decrease in the surface area to volume ratio that accompany pressure overload cardiac hypertrophy may be early underlying structural changes that relate directly to the abnormal contractile function found in this type of hypertrophy. PMID- 6228169 TI - Biochemical analysis of human seminal plasma. I. Fructose, ascorbate, cholesterol, adenosine triphosphatase and lactic dehydrogenase. AB - Seminal levels of fructose, ascorbate, cholesterol, adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were estimated in human males divided into normal (Group I), azoospermic (Group II), infertile (Groups III, IV and V with different sperm numbers) and vasectomized (Group VI) cases. The fructose level of the normal subjects (Gr. I) recorded the lowest geometric mean value and that of the azoospermic patients being the highest; other groups registered intermediate values. A significant difference was evident in the level of ascorbate between normal (Gr. I) and azoospermic (Gr. II) conditions, the level being higher in the normal group. The seminal ATPase activity of different groups varied inversely with the number of sperms, the mean value of the normal (Gr.I) being the lowest. The results suggest that determination of seminal ATPase and ascorbate levels is likely to yield some useful information about the semen quality. PMID- 6228170 TI - Reversal of combination nondepolarized neuromuscular block. AB - The antagonism of a pancuronium-curare (P + C) neuromuscular block was assessed and compared to the antagonism of a pancuronium (P) block. One group of seven patients received P + C (0.024 mg/kg + 0.144 mg/kg); another similar group of seven patients received P (0.07 mg/kg). Both groups were anesthetized with nitrous oxide/oxygen/narcotic anesthesia. Each patient received 0.025 mg/kg of neostigmine when a train-of-four revealed only one twitch (90% block). The resultant antagonism of the pancuronium-curare blocks was the same as the antagonism of the pancuronium blocks (train-of-four ratio, 0.38 vs 0.32; P = 0.5). The authors conclude that neostigmine requirements for combination blocks are the same as those for single agent blocks. PMID- 6228171 TI - Evanescent nitrous oxide pneumothorax after laparoscopy. PMID- 6228172 TI - Evaluation and management of the cardiac patient for office oral surgery. PMID- 6228173 TI - Histamine-induced suppressor macrophage inhibits fibroblast growth and wound healing. AB - To determine whether there is histamine-induced suppressor activity in macrophage related functions other than in immunity, extracts and media from a macrophage cell line, RAW 264, were tested for suppressor effect on fibroplasia. The procedure consisted of priming confluent RAW 264 cells in culture with media or cellular extracts of washed mastocytes (P-815). The inoculum was removed from the RAW 264 cells by rinsing with fresh medium 24 hours later, and then with medium replacement and 3 more days of culture. The culture media or extracts of washed RAW 264 cells were tested for suppressor activity. The primed RAW 264 cells were lysed by 4 freeze-thaw cycles and cleared by centrifugation, and the resulting supernatant was tested on fibroblast (3T3) cell growth and wound healing in mice and for suppressor activity on T cells. Replication of 3T3 cells, as quantitated by uptake of [3H]thymidine, was reduced 75% when "suppressor" material from RAW 264 cells was added to 3T3 cultures and not when media or extracts of unprimed RAW 264 cells were added. Tensiometric measurements of wound breaking strength (full-thickness incised wounds) were reduced 31% by day 4 and 47% by postsurgical day 7 when "suppressor" RAW 264 extracts were instilled into wounds. Leukocyte cultures stimulated with phytohemagglutinin had a reduced uptake of [3H]thymidine (suppressed 90% to 95%) when exposed to primed RAW 264 extracts, whereas kidney cell culture lines were unaffected. The data obtained indicated that mastocyte (histamine)-induced suppressor factors are present for fibroblast activity as well as T-cell function. PMID- 6228175 TI - Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty. AB - Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty is a relatively new procedure; its technology is still evolving and experience with it is increasing rapidly. There are only limited follow-up data on patients who have undergone this technique. Rates of late patency of the dilated arteries and potential long-term complications in patients treated with percutaneous transluminal angioplasty are unknown. Therefore, physicians performing this technique should collect and report long-term follow-up data on their patients, using clinical, hemodynamic, and angiographic determinations. Physicians evaluating the literature must recognize the substantial impact that physician experience, patient selection, and measures of clinical success have on reported results. Before sending a patient for angioplasty, one should consider the experience of the center where the procedure will be done. In making comparisons between treatments and techniques, one must be sure that comparable populations are studied and that angiographic, clinical, and hemodynamic variables are measured in all patients, because patients may show improvements in some variables but not others. The availability of improved balloon-tipped catheters, more potent vasodilators, and enhanced experience and skill may bring about improved results from percutaneous transluminal angioplasty in the future. Moreover, advances in diagnostic technology, such as the refinement of digital subtraction angiography, may alter the approach to patients with vascular disease, facilitating the identification of potential candidates at lower risk for this technique more efficiently. As new data emerge, particularly information dealing with the duration of therapeutic effect and the occurrence of late complications, continued reevaluation of the procedure will be necessary. Coronary percutaneous transluminal angioplasty is an alternative to coronary artery bypass graft surgery in patients with high grade stenosis (greater than 50% to 70%) confined to a single coronary artery and limiting anginal symptoms despite an adequate trial of medical treatment. The success of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of a proximal left anterior descending artery lesion approaches that of coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of other coronary artery lesions is somewhat less successful than that of coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of multiple coronary arterial lesions remains investigational. PMID- 6228174 TI - Chest wall stiffness in patients with chronic respiratory muscle weakness. AB - Using the weighted spirometer technique we studied chest wall compliance (Cw) in 16 nonobese patients with chronic weakness of the respiratory muscles and 20 healthy control subjects. In order to evaluate the validity of the technique, while Cw was being measured, we monitored thoracoabdominal configuration with 2 pairs of linearized magnetometers and electrical activity of the external oblique with a concentric needle electrode in 3 healthy subjects and 4 patients; in addition, we recorded in 3 subjects the electrical activity from the intercostal muscles and diaphragm throughout the procedure. The method was reproducible within 5.8% and provided Cw values that compared well with those yielded by the relaxation technique. In each subject, the weight-induced shifts in end expiratory lung volume showed a very good linear correlation with the changes in transrespiratory pressure at end-expiration (r greater than or equal to 0.91). In addition, in none of the subjects tested did the electromyograms reveal any intercostal, diaphragmatic, or abdominal muscle activity at end-expiration, nor did the end-expiratory level ever show a significant departure from the relaxed thoracoabdominal configuration, thus suggesting adequate respiratory muscle relaxation. The reduction in inspiratory muscle force in the patients ranged from 17 to 94% of predicted (mean +/- SE, 43 +/- 6). The decrease in vital capacity, total lung capacity, and functional residual capacity averaged 59, 34, and 15% of predicted, respectively. Both the patient and the control groups showed a large interindividual variability regarding Cw. It varied from 0.117 to 0.258 L/cm H2O (mean +/- SE, 0.162 +/- 0.012) in the patients and from 0.163 to 0.366 L/cm H2O (mean +/- SE, 0.248 +/- 0.013) in the healthy subjects.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6228176 TI - [Complications of angiography, punctures, and catheterizations in the framework of iatrogenic arteriopathies]. AB - The complications of angiography, arterial puncture and catheterisation in the context of iatrogenic arterial disease are extremely variable and they are related to the condition of the artery (healthy or pathological), the site of puncture and the type of catheterisation; their clinical manifestations and prognosis are therefore wide ranging. Three types of complications can be distinguished by their high incidence: --complications of the Seldinger method comprising 110 cases between 1967 and 1980; --complications of high translumbar aortography, including one rare complication which should be underlined because of the severity of the prognosis: septic rupture in two observations; - complications of angioplastic dilatation which are now well-recognised. Their character allows precise determination of the indications of this type of therapeutic angiographic procedure: from December 1979 to March 1982, 6 complications observed out of a total of 114 angioplasty performed. The relatively high incidence of iatrogenic complications explains the necessity of early diagnosis, ensuring a good surgical result. PMID- 6228177 TI - [Vascular complications of polycythemia]. AB - The vascular risk factors of patients with polycythemia rubra vera was assessed by reviewing the results of international therapeutic studies. The risk factors were: an age over 60, previous vascular problems, the quality of follow-up (maintenance of hematocrit below 50 p. cent and platelet count below (600.10(9)/l). The treatment is one of the most important factors: the risk of vascular complications was three times greater in patients treated by venesection, al other factors being equal. This counter-balanced the higher risk of leukemia in patients treated by myelo-depression. The use of platelet anti agregant drugs remains controversial. Recent results question their efficacy in preventing thrombosis and emphasise the risk of hemorrhage. The results of platelet factor 4 (PF4) and beta-thromboglobin (beta TG) levels provide further information for judging the vascular risk of these patients, and may, in prospective studies, give a better assessment of the efficacy of platelet anti agregant drugs in vivo. PMID- 6228178 TI - [Undesirable dermatologic results of drugs. Result of a drug monitoring survey]. AB - A prospective survey of drug-induced diseases has been performed along a one year period in a department of dermatology. Among the 550 patients hospitalized during this period for a cutaneomucous event, a drug-induced disease is pointed out in 30 of them (5.6 p. cent). The use of algorithm allows the establishment of the cause-effect relationship; the relative value of literature data and the role of three main predisposing factors (age, allergic antecedents, polymedication) are insisted upon. Three categories of drugs are primarily implicated: cardiovascular, antiinflammatory and antiinfectious drugs. The most commonly observed events are erythrodermia and allergic phenomena. If favorable evolution is usual, one fatal adverse drug reaction is firmly established in our series. Such a survey would lead to preventive attitudes. PMID- 6228179 TI - Refinements in the use of the transverse abdominal island flap for postmastectomy reconstruction. PMID- 6228180 TI - The rectus abdominis free flap for lower extremity reconstruction. AB - The authors present their successful experience with an attractive alternative to the latissimus dorsi and gracilis muscle flaps for lower extremity reconstruction -the free rectus abdominis muscle flap. The muscle flap has a dual blood supply, but the longer pedicle length and larger vessel diameter of the inferior epigastric vascular pedicle favor its use for free-tissue transfer. Surgical anatomy, technique, indications, and potential complications are outlined. PMID- 6228181 TI - Early treatment of rhinophyma--a neglected entity? AB - Patients are aware when even minimal bulbosity appears secondary to acne rosacea. Many suffer psychic trauma as a result. Early surgical treatment of this entity eliminates disfiguring hypertrophy. We advocate early surgical treatment of even minimal rhinophyma. PMID- 6228182 TI - Re: Scheflan and Dinner: the transverse abdominal island flap. PMID- 6228183 TI - Re: Drever: lower abdominal transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous flap for breast reconstruction. PMID- 6228184 TI - Percutaneous transluminal renal angioplasty in nephrovascular hypertension. PMID- 6228185 TI - [Evaluation of scintigraphy of the skull. Apropos of 84 cases of craniostenosis]. PMID- 6228186 TI - Osteoarticular abnormalities and orthopedic complications in children with chromosomal aberrations. AB - Chromosome abnormalities may result in a great number of osteo-articular anomalies. Little documentation concerning these anomalies is available. The main orthopedic problems encountered in 67 children with chromosomal abnormalities are reported here. Patients should be evaluated at regular intervals in order to detect osteoarticular involvement. Gradual deterioration results in disabling conditions which are difficult to manage. Orthopedic management should be mainly preventive. It's purpose is to delay or to avoid the onset of disabling complications. PMID- 6228187 TI - Triple chromosome synapsis in oocytes from a human foetus with trisomy 21. AB - Oocytes from a human foetus with trisomy 21 were spread using detergent and examined by light and electron microscopy. The three chromosomes 21 occurred as bivalent and univalent or trivalent configurations. In the trivalents the lateral elements of the synaptonemal complex were associated in threes, either completely along the length of the trivalent, or partially, forming a variety of forked structures. This triple association demonstrates that, contrary to the classical view of chromosome pairing, three homologous chromosomes can be held in register at the same site. PMID- 6228188 TI - Alzheimer's disease: genetic aspects and associated clinical disorders. AB - Genetic aspects and associated clinical disorders were studied in a consecutive series of 68 men and women in whom Alzheimer's disease appeared at or before age 70. Secondary cases of dementia were found in 17 (25%) of the families, affecting 22 of the probands' siblings and parents. The cumulative incidence of Alzheimer's disease in these relatives was approximately 14% at age 75. An increased frequency of Down's syndrome was observed among relatives of the probands: a rate of 3.6 per 1,000, as compared with an expected rate of 1.3 per 1,000. A history of thyroid disease was established in 9 (19.6%) of the 46 female probands, a frequency greater than that reported in the general population. There was no excess of hematological malignancies among the blood relatives, and parental age at the time of birth of the probands did not differ from the norm. The results of this study indicate that early-onset Alzheimer's disease is associated with a genetic factor manifested in a substantial familial aggregation of dementia, a probable excess of Down's syndrome in the probands' relatives, and a possible association with thyroid dysfunction in women with this form of dementia. PMID- 6228189 TI - Thymectomy-induced decrease in T gamma cells and OKT8+ cells in multiple sclerosis. AB - Studies were performed on lymphocytes from patients with multiple sclerosis before and after thymectomy (group I) and before and after thymectomy and azathioprine therapy (group II), and from matched control patients with multiple sclerosis, control patients with other neurological diseases, and healthy control subjects. Following treatment the percentage of T gamma cells in both group I and group II patients decreased from above the mean normal control levels to below this level; OKT8+ cell numbers in group I became lower than in any of the control groups; the percentage of concanavalin A-induced suppressor activity, which was initially normal, fell in group II and suggestively but not significantly in group I; and total blood lymphocytes in group I decreased from normal to below control levels. Other tests showed no significant changes with therapy. No significant difference in changes in clinical status were observed after one year in the treated patients compared with matched controls. PMID- 6228190 TI - [New species of actinomycete Streptomyces variegatus sp. nov. synthesizing an antibiotic of the alpha-hydroxyketopentaene group]. AB - Stroptomyces strains INA T-511 and INA 3946 were isolated from 2 different soil samples. Both the strains produced an antibiotic of the group of alpha hydroxyketopentaenes. The antibiotic was active against gram-positive bacteria, yeasts and fungi belonging to Penicillium. In addition, the strains produced a pigment antibiotic of the prodigiosin type and a pigment identified as ferroverdin. The study of the cultural and morphological features and the natural variation of the strains has shown that they belong to a new species, designated as Streptomyces variegatus sp. nov. Sveshnikova et Timuk. PMID- 6228191 TI - Antibacterial activity of norfloxacin in the gastrointestinal tracts of rats. AB - The capacities of norfloxacin (MK-0366) and neomycin to reduce the numbers of bacteria in the gastrointestinal tracts of rats were evaluated. Results of a 3 day treatment with norfloxacin were compared with those of a 3-day treatment with neomycin. Both drugs significantly decreased gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Norfloxacin effected a significantly greater reduction in numbers of gram-negative bacteria than did neomycin. Norfloxacin also significantly increased the number of anaerobic bacteria. Although neomycin reduced gram positive bacteria more effectively than did norfloxacin, this difference between the two drugs was not significant. Norfloxacin merits further study for potential as a bowel sterilant. PMID- 6228192 TI - In vitro activity of ciprofloxacin (Bay o 9867). AB - The in vitro activities of ciprofloxacin (Bay o 9867) and seven comparative antimicrobial agents against 664 aerobic and facultatively anaerobic bacterial isolates were studied. Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of ciprofloxacin were less than or equal to 2 micrograms/ml for Enterobacteriaceae, less than or equal to 8 micrograms/ml for nonfermentative gram-negative bacilli, less than or equal to 4 micrograms/ml for gram-positive cocci, less than or equal to 0.03 micrograms/ml for Aeromonas hydrophila and Pasteurella multocida, and less than or equal to 1 microgram/ml for Listeria monocytogenes. MICs for multi-drug resistant Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were less than or equal to 4 micrograms/ml. Ciprofloxacin MICs were consistently 0 to 4 (usually 2 to 3) dilution steps lower than those of a related drug, norfloxacin (P less than 0.0001). For most species, they were lower than MICs of cefotaxime, aztreonam, theinamycin, mezlocillin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and amikacin. With all eight drugs, increasing the inoculum size by 100-fold had a variable effect on MICs which was species related. Ciprofloxacin is a potent broad-spectrum new antimicrobial agent. PMID- 6228193 TI - Comparative activities of norfloxacin and fifteen other antipseudomonal agents against gentamicin-susceptible and -resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains. AB - We compared the activity of norfloxacin (MK-0366), a new orally absorbable derivative of naladixic acid, with those of other antipseudomonal agents against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Norfloxacin was the most active against both gentamicin susceptible and gentamicin-resistant strains, having 90% minimal inhibitory concentrations of 2 and 8 micrograms/ml, respectively. This excellent in vitro activity may make norfloxacin effective for oral therapy of P. aeruginosa urinary tract infections. PMID- 6228194 TI - Possible drug-induced pemphigus-like antibodies with the clinical manifestation of erythema multiforme. AB - A patient with bullae and target lesions on the extremities and mucous membranes was seen with the clinical picture of erythema multiforme following an episode of pneumonia and a course of penicillin G potassium and tobramycin sulfate therapy. An unusually high titer of intercellular circulating (IC) antibodies was identified in the serum by indirect immunofluorescence (IF) microscopy, but direct lesional IF microscopy study results were negative. These IC antibodies were not true pemphigus antibodies and can best be termed pemphigus-like antibodies. These antibodies were characterized by their ability to fix complement, in contrast to pemphigus antibodies, which apparently fail to do so. PMID- 6228195 TI - Contact dermatitis to desonide. PMID- 6228196 TI - Changes in plasma cholesterol and triglyceride levels after treatment with oral isotretinoin. A prospective study. AB - Twenty men with nodulocystic acne were treated with oral isotretinoin (13-cis retinoic acid) for four months. Plasma lipids and lipoprotein determinations were obtained before and during treatment to quantitate the effects of oral isotretinoin on lipid metabolism. Maximum isotretinoin-induced elevations in plasma triglyceride and cholesterol levels were 67% and 16%, respectively. Additional maximal changes included very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol increases of 56%, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol increases of 22%, and high density lipoprotein decreases of 10% from pretreatment values. Chronic increases in plasma cholesterol levels, increases in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, and decreases in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels may predispose subjects to premature atherosclerosis. Because of the potential for unmasking an occult lipid or lipoprotein disorder, the plasma lipid and lipoprotein profiles of subjects receiving isotretinoin should be carefully monitored. PMID- 6228197 TI - Ineffectiveness of ipratropium bromide in acute bronchiolitis. AB - In a double blind randomised trial, we found no evidence that nebulised ipratropium bromide was of clinical benefit in acute bronchiolitis. PMID- 6228198 TI - Local T cell subsets in mumps meningitis. AB - In the acute phase of mumps meningitis, more than 85% of the cells in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were OKT 3 positive, while 76% of the peripheral mononuclear cells (PMN) were OKT 3 positive. The ratio of OKT 4:8 positive cells in CSF was significantly lower than that in PMN, showing that suppressor/cytotoxic T cells had selectively accumulated in CSF. In addition, 58% of CSF cells were immune associated (Ia) positive, probably activated T cells. PMID- 6228199 TI - Lymphocyte-macrophage co-operation during induction of T-suppressor cell activity in rats with adjuvant arthritis. AB - The role of macrophages and of macrophage-lymphocyte co-operation in the induction of T-suppressor cell activity in rats with adjuvant arthritis was investigated. Macrophages from arthritic rats had no direct effect on the induction of T-suppressor cells, but, in the presence of arthritic rats' lymphocytes or supernatants from such lymphocytes, macrophages inhibited the induction of T-suppressor cell activity. Addition of indomethacin during the induction of T-suppressor cells reduced the inhibitory effects, suggesting that prostaglandins released from lymphocyte-activated macrophages might be involved in the defective induction of T-suppressor cell activity in rats with adjuvant arthritis. PMID- 6228200 TI - Decreased T-suppressor cell activity in rats with adjuvant arthritis. AB - Concanavalin-A-induced T-suppressor cell activity was decreased in spleen cell suspensions from Lewis rats with adjuvant arthritis. This decreased activity was evident on day 10 after the induction of the disease, just before the development of the polyarthritic lesions, and persisted during the period of active inflammatory and immunological disease. The extent of the impairment of T suppressor cell activity was positively correlated with the severity of the arthritic lesions. Removal of phagocytic cells prior to induction of T-suppressor cells abolished the observed decrease in suppressor cell activity. It is suggested that this model may be of value for the investigation of suppressor cell function in immunologically mediated disorders. PMID- 6228201 TI - Mechanism of relaxant effects of nicorandil on the dog coronary artery. AB - In order to search into the mechanism of the relaxant effects of nicorandil, a new coronary vasodilator, on the dog coronary artery, the effects of this substance on the potassium contracture were studied, and compared with those of nitroglycerin and nifedipine. All the three substances induced a dose-related relaxation (nifedipine greater than nitroglycerin greater than nicorandil). However, the increase in La3+-resistant 45Ca uptake was inhibited only by nifedipine. In a calcium-free EGTA containing medium caffeine induced a phasic contraction in the fully-depolarized preparation. Nicorandil produced an inhibition of this contraction, while nitroglycerin and nifedipine did not. It was concluded that nicorandil differs from the so-called calcium antagonists in the mechanism of relaxant action on the coronary artery. It also differs from nitroglycerin in that it produced an inhibition of caffeine-induced contraction. PMID- 6228202 TI - Effect of Con A stimulation on antibody dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity of human lymphocyte subpopulations. AB - Con A activated human peripheral blood lymphocytes and their subpopulations: T, Ty-, Ty+, and non-T cells were studied for their ability to mediate antibody dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) to chick erythrocytes coated with rabbit IgG antibody. Ficoll-Hypaque separated lymphocytes increased their cytotoxic activity following 14 h activation with Con A. T lymphocytes mainly appeared to be responsible for this effect. The increase of cytotoxic in ADCC was limited to Ty + cells. T lymphocytes deprived of Ty+ cells did not show cytotoxic effect in spite of stimulation with Con A and generation of new T cells with FcIgG receptors. The two-fold increase in the number of FcIgG bearing lymphocytes following enzymatic treatment with pronase and neuraminidase did not augment their activity in ADCC system. Our results indicate that the increase of ADCC activity in T cell population stimulated with Con A depends on cells already expressing FcIgG receptors and not on the induction of new Ty+ cells with K lymphocyte activity. PMID- 6228203 TI - Arthus and delayed type of hypersensitivity to Pseudomonas aeruginosa antigens in mouse. AB - The time course of footpad swelling in mice of the inbred 129 strain sensitized with the living Pseudomonas aeruginosa or slime extracted from bacteria was studied. Reactions of Arthus type were observed in animals immunized intraperitoneally (i.p.) or intravenously (i.v.) with slime extract and then challenged into the footpad with this preparation. Mice immunized subcutaneously (s.c.) with slime-extract in complete Freund's adjuvant (CAF) and on day 15 challenged into the footpad displayed the swelling characteristic of the delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH). The delayed onset of reactivity was also seen in mice sensitized with living bacteria into the footpad and then challenged with slime-extract. Maximum DTH reactions were induced in mice challenged on day 14 after priming. The skin infiltration in DTH reacting mice was characteristic of the polysaccharide antigens. At the 24th h following challenge, the predominance of polymorphonuclear (PMN) cells in footpad hypodermis was found as well as heavy infiltration of mononuclear (M) cells. PMID- 6228204 TI - Comparative study on the immunosuppressive and lympholytic activity of optical isomers of cyclophosphamide. AB - The influence of chirality of cyclophosphamide (Cy) on the reactivity of lymphoid cells in vivo was studied in Balb/c mice. It has been shown that (+) Cy inhibits the formation of direct PFC in Balb/c mice more effectively than (-) Cy. The augmentation of DTH--reaction against HuRBC in mice, measured by the foot-pad test and the elongation of graft survival time were noted when racemic or (-) Cy were applied. Investigated forms of Cy decreased the number of nucleated cells in mice spleens, but lympholytic effect of (+) Cy was lower than that of racemic and (-) Cy. The possible consequences of stereo-differentiated immunosuppressive activity of enantiomeric forms of cyclophosphamide in the experimental procedures and the therapy of "autoimmune" and malignant diseases are considered. PMID- 6228205 TI - Effect of cortisol on erythrocyte and reticulocyte enzymes: modulation of phosphofructokinase properties. AB - After incubation of rabbit red blood cells with 10 micrograms/ml of cortisol, a decrease of the activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, phosphofructokinase and acid phosphatase was observed. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and phosphofructokinase were isolated from hemolysate and investigated. No changes in the affinity of both enzymes towards substrates and coenzymes were found. Cortisol modified allosteric properties of phosphofructokinase. Differences were seen between the erythrocyte and reticulocyte enzyme. In the erythrocyte enzyme the inhibitory effect of ATP and citrate was enhanced and the activatory effect of AMP was abolished after incubation with cortisol. Cortisol showed no effect on the inhibition of reticulocyte phosphofructokinase by ATP or activation by AMP, and protected the enzyme toward inhibition by citrate. PMID- 6228206 TI - Total abdominal wall reconstruction. AB - A patient had full-thickness loss of abdominal wall from clostridial myonecrosis. Initial care consisted of resuscitation, debridement, and transfer to a hyperbaric chamber facility. After control of sepsis, multiple enteric fistulas were managed by enterotomies, gastric and duodenal defunctionalization with closed-loop gastrojejunostomy, gastrostomy, and end jejunostomy. Good nutritional status was maintained with total parenteral nutrition over a three-month period. Total abdominal wall reconstruction was accomplished by rotation of bilateral tensor fascia lata musculocutaneous flaps. Reconstruction was successful as the patient was able to return to an active life. PMID- 6228207 TI - The effect of plasma exchange on lymphocyte suppression after burn. AB - Circulating mediators have been implicated in the pathophysiology of immunodepression after burn injury, suggesting the beneficial effect of plasma exchange in immunorestoration. In this study, 19 adult patients with a mean burn size of 52.2% of total body surface area and mean age of 33.4 years underwent 51 plasma exchange procedures in five different clinical settings, without complication. The suppressive effect of burn serum was assayed in mixed lymphocyte cultures. The mean (+/- SEM) suppression by burn serum drawn prior to plasma exchange was 61.9% +/- 3.6%, while that following plasma exchange was 27.3% +/- 2.7%. The lymphocyte response decrease 55.1% +/- 4.4% in suppressive activity. The mean duration of improvement in lymphocyte function was 4.8 days. Plasma exchange has a significant beneficial effect in restoring lymphocyte immunocompetence in burned patients in a number of clinical settings. PMID- 6228208 TI - At increased risk: Down syndrome relatives. PMID- 6228209 TI - Nontetanus clostridial neonatal fatality after home delivery. PMID- 6228210 TI - [Pathomorphologic characteristics of esophageal biopsies among inhabitants of an endemic focus of cancer of the esophagus]. AB - The data on the frequency and topography of pathological processes in esophageal mucosa in residents of a focus endemic for esophageal cancer are presented on the basis of 1017 esophageal biopsies analysed in the Guriev regional oncological hospital in 1977-1982. Three groups of pathology were distinguished: esophagites (37.3 +/- 1.5%), precancer (21.6 +/- 1.3%), and cancer (41.1 +/- 1.5%). Chronic forms of esophagites were predominant (83.1%). In the precancer group, leukoplakias comprised 62.3%. Invasive forms were observed in 92.6% of all cases of esophageal cancer. Chronic esophagites represent an unfavourable background for the development of precancer changes and cancer. PMID- 6228211 TI - [Compensatory mechanisms in severe aortic insufficiency]. PMID- 6228212 TI - Cardiovascular pathology in dialysis patients with spinal cord injury. AB - Necropsy findings were examined in 20 male patients with end-stage renal disease associated with longstanding spinal cord injury and treated with maintenance hemodialysis. All patients exhibited cardiovascular abnormalities. Fibrinous pericarditis was found in 50% of the patients. Left and right ventricular hypertrophy was present in 45% and 20% of the cases, respectively. The respective incidences of left and right ventricular dilatation were 40% and 30%. Cardiac amyloidosis was noted in 25% of the cases, whereas myocardial fibrosis was found in 45% of the patients. Valvular abnormalities were limited to one case of aortic stenosis and two cases of mitral ring dilatation. No evidence of infective endocarditis was observed despite the high incidence of infections in this population. Whereas 45% of the patients exhibited some degree of coronary arteriosclerosis, none exhibited evidence of acute myocardial infarction and only one showed pathologic changes consistent with old myocardial infarction. Aortic atherosclerosis was noted in the majority of patients. PMID- 6228213 TI - Integumental chitin synthase activity in cell-free extracts of larvae of the Australian sheep blowfly, Lucilia cuprina, and two other species of diptera. AB - Chitin synthase activity has been demonstrated in crude homogenates of larval integuments from L. cuprina and in similar preparations from Musca domestica and Calliphora erythrocephala. This is the first report of an insect integumental chitin synthase. This activity brings about the incorporation of radioactivity from UDP-N-acetyl-[14C]glucosamine into an ethanol- and alkali-insoluble form. A major part of this labelled product has been characterized as chitin by its insolubility in alkali, resistance to degradation by proteases and its susceptibility to digestion by chitinase and HCl. Most of the radioactivity solubilized during digestion by chitinase co-migrates with N-acetylglucosamine, glucosamine and chitobiose during paper chromatography. Some radioactivity also becomes incorporated into non-chitin products in this system. There is substantial evidence that incorporation is not brought about by whole epidermal cells or by microbial contamination in the homogenates. The extent of incorporation obtained with the homogenates is limited by the presence of degradative enzymes which rapidly break down the substrate (UDP-N acetylglucosamine). The incorporation was partially inhibited (50-70%) by both polyoxin-D (apparent Ki 0.04 microM) and diflubenzuron (apparent Ki 5-8 microM). This is the first report of a cell-free chitin-synthesizing system derived from insect tissue which is sensitive to inhibition by diflubenzuron. PMID- 6228214 TI - Stimulatory ability of human leukaemic cells in the allogeneic mixed leucocyte reaction. AB - Cryopreserved mononuclear cells from 34 patients with a high proportion of blasts in the peripheral blood were tested for their ability to stimulate normal allogeneic lymphocytes in the one-way mixed leucocyte reaction (MLR). Of these, more than half failed to stimulate allogeneic responders, despite the fact that many of them carried Ia-like antigens. In general, acute myeloid leukaemia cells were non-stimulatory whereas acute myelomonocytic leukaemia cells were effective stimulators. Thus, MLR stimulatory ability appears to be a differentiation marker in acute non-lymphocytic leukaemias. Acute lymphocytic leukaemia cells were divided between the two categories, although this division did not parallel conventional classification. As reported by other workers, chronic lymphocytic leukaemia cells were non-stimulatory. The implications of these results for host leukaemia relationships are discussed. PMID- 6228215 TI - Morphological and biochemical confirmation of gray platelet syndrome in two siblings. AB - A case report is presented of gray platelet syndrome in siblings. The absence of platelet alpha-granules in these patients was confirmed by electron microscopy and by analysis of the platelet protein profile using SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. This was further confirmed by quantitation of individual alpha granule protein constituents. The results in these two patients are compared with those of the four reported patients with this syndrome. PMID- 6228216 TI - M-mode echocardiography: reproducibility of serial left ventricular measurements in subjects with normal ventricles and patients with congestive cardiomyopathy. AB - Serial measurements of left ventricular short axis dimensions were made to determine reproducibility in ten normal subjects and in ten patients with congestive cardiomyopathy without asynergic wall motion, conduction abnormalities, or arrhythmias. Three echocardiograms were performed over a period of three weeks in each subject. In the congestive cardiomyopathy group, mean coefficients of variation for diastolic and systolic left ventricular dimensions (LVlDd, LVlDs) and fractional shortening (FS) were 3.5%, 4.3% and 10.3% respectively. In the normal subjects they were slightly less; LVlDd (2.2%), LVlDs (3.1%) and FS (8.0%) but the difference was not statistically significant. Coefficients of variation for calculated diastolic and systolic volumes in the normal ventricle group (Teichholz formula) were 5.0% and 7.1% respectively and for ejection fraction, stroke volume and cardiac output 5.8%, 9.8% and 11.8%. The results demonstrate that M-mode echocardiography is a reliable technique for serial quantitative studies of left ventricular dimensions in both normal subjects, and in selected patients with congestive cardiomyopathy. M-mode echocardiography may be used to assess the responses of patient groups but not of individual patients to interventions which change ventricular volume and cardiac output in subjects with normal left ventricles in whom good quality endocardial echoes are recorded. PMID- 6228217 TI - Successful treatment of acute dapsone intoxication using charcoal hemoperfusion. AB - A 22 year old female was admitted to hospital two hours after ingesting 4 g of dapsone. Over the next 15 h she developed progressive hemolysis and methemoglobinemia. Charcoal hemoperfusion and sequential dialysis were performed because of the serious risk of fatality following such a massive dose of dapsone. Charcoal hemoperfusion led to rapid clearing of dapsone from the circulation. This resulted in clinical improvement and controlled the progression of hemolysis and methemoglobinemia. PMID- 6228219 TI - Cor pulmonale and atrial fibrillation in goats as a sequel to pneumonia. PMID- 6228218 TI - Renal complications of cytotoxic therapy. AB - The expanding use of cytotoxic drugs in cancer therapy has resulted in a confusing and increasingly frequent array of severe renal complications. This article reviews the nephrotoxicity and other renal and urological complications of commonly used drugs and the clinical setting in which they are prescribed. Emphasis is placed on the mechanisms, prevention and treatment of renal damage. PMID- 6228220 TI - Delayed T-cell maturation and suppression of mitogen-induced blastogenesis in turkey poults fed cortisone acetate and furazolidone. AB - The effect of cortisone acetate (CA) on the immune response of control and furazolidone (FZ)-fed turkey poults was investigated. CA, fed at a dose of 500 mg/kg of ration beginning at 1 week of age, decreased mortality but had little effect on the development of FZ-induced cardiomyopathy. When poults were 2 weeks of age, the in vitro stimulation of lymphocytes by phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and concanavalin A (Con A) was significantly depressed (P less than or equal to 0.001 and P less than or equal to 0.05, respectively) in cortisone-treated poults. The time of the peak response of lymphocytes from poults 2-5 weeks of age to in vitro stimulation by PHA was significantly delayed (P less than or equal to 0.01) and the magnitude of the response was significantly depressed (P less than or equal to 0.001) in cortisone-treated poults compared with control poults. Cortisone treatment had no effect on time of peak response to Con A stimulation but significantly depressed (P less than or equal to 0.05) the magnitude of the response. Poults receiving FZ administered by gastric tube showed a peak response to PHA stimulation significantly (P less than or equal to 0.05) earlier and significantly (P less than or equal to 0.05) greater than did control poults. PMID- 6228221 TI - [Prevention and therapy with immunoglobulins: a critical comment on the question of the immune complex-induced inflammatory reaction]. PMID- 6228222 TI - New class of sensitive and selective fluorogenic substrates for serine proteinases. Amino acid and dipeptide derivatives of rhodamine. AB - A series of dipeptide derivatives of Rhodamine, each containing an arginine residue in the P1 position and one of ten representative benzyloxycarbonyl (Cbz) blocked amino acids in the P2 position, has been synthesized, purified and characterized as substrates for serine proteinases. These substrates are easily prepared with high yields. Cleavage of a single amide bond converts the non fluorescent bisamide substrate into a highly fluorescent monoamide product. Macroscopic kinetic constants for the interaction of these substrates with bovine trypsin, human and dog plasmin, and human thrombin are reported. Certain of these substrates exhibit extremely large specificity constants. For example, the kcat./Km for bovine trypsin with bis-(N-benzyloxycarbonylglycyl-argininamido) Rhodamine [(Cbz-Gly-Arg-NH)2-Rhodamine] is 1 670 000 M-1 X S-1. Certain of these substrates are also highly selective. For example, the most specific substrate for human plasmin, (Cbz-Phe-Arg-NH2)-Rhodamine, is not hydrolysed by human thrombin, and the most specific substrate for human thrombin, (Cbz-Pro-Arg-NH)2 Rhodamine, is one of the least specific substrates for human plasmin. Comparison of the kinetic constants for hydrolysis of the dipeptide substrates with that of the single amino acid derivative, (Cbz-Arg-NH)2-Rhodamine, indicates that selection of the proper amino acid residue in the P2 position can effect large increases in substrate specificity. This occurs primarily as a result of an increase in kcat. as opposed to a decrease in Km and, in certain cases, is accompanied by a large increase in selectivity. Because of their high degree of sensitivity and selectivity, these Rhodamine-based dipeptide compounds should be extremely useful substrates for studying serine proteinases. PMID- 6228223 TI - Phosphofructokinase D from the epithelial cells of rat small intestine. AB - Phosphofructokinase from the epithelial cells of rat small intestine was characterized with respect to isoenzyme type in a comparison of its properties with those of the skeletal-muscle, brain and major liver isoenzymes by using five different techniques, namely electrophoresis on cellulose acetate and in polyacrylamide gels, chromatography on DEAE-cellulose, (NH4)2SO4 precipitation and immunotitration. When precautions were taken to inhibit the formation of active proteolytic artifacts by the action of endogenous proteinases, each technique revealed that rat intestinal mucosa contains only a single form of phosphofructokinase. The mucosal isoenzyme was found to be very similar to, although not identical with, the major liver isoenzyme and to be quite distinct from the skeletal-muscle isoenzyme when studied by the techniques of cellulose acetate electrophoresis, chromatography on DEAE-cellulose and immunotitration, whereas the converse was true when studied by the techniques of (NH4)2SO4 precipitation and polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis. The mucosal isoenzyme was distinct from the brain isoenzyme when studied by each of the five techniques. Tsai & Kemp [(1973) J. Biol. Chem. 248, 785-792] reported that animal tissues contain three principal isoenzymes of phosphofructokinase, type A found as the sole isoenzyme in skeletal muscle, type B found as the major isoenzyme in liver and type C found as a significant isoenzyme in brain. Phosphofructokinase from mucosa is distinct from each of these isoenzymes. Following the nomenclature of Tsai & Kemp (1973), the isoenzyme from the mucosa of rat intestinal epithelial cells is designated phosphofructokinase D. The mucosal and liver isoenzymes behave so similarly with respect to their charge and immunological characteristics, on which the typing of isoenzymes is conventionally based, that it is likely that some tissues reported to contain the liver isoenzyme contain instead the mucosal isoenzyme. PMID- 6228224 TI - Properties of F1-ATPase from the uncD412 mutant of Escherichia coli. AB - Properties of purified F1-ATPase from Escherichia coli mutant strain AN484 (uncD412) have been studied in an attempt to understand why the amino acid substitution in the beta-subunit of this enzyme causes a tenfold reduction from normal MgATP hydrolysis rate. In most properties that were studied, uncD412 F1 ATPase resembled normal E. coli F1-ATPase. Both enzymes were found to contain a total of six adenine-nucleotide-binding sites, of which three were found to be non-exchangeable and three were exchangeable (catalytic) sites. Binding of the non-hydrolysable substrate analogue adenosine 5'-[beta gamma-imido]triphosphate (p[NH]ppA) to the three exchangeable sites showed apparent negative co operativity. The binding affinities for p[NH]ppA, and also ADP, at the exchangeable sites were similar in the two enzymes. Both enzymes were inhibited by efrapeptin, aurovertin and p[NH]ppA, and were inactivated by dicyclohexylcarbodi-imide, 4-chloro-7-nitrobenzofurazan and p-fluorosulphonyl benzoyl-5'-adenosine. Km values for CaATP and MgATP were similar in the two enzymes. uncD412 F1-ATPase was abnormally unstable at high pH, and dissociated into subunits readily with consequent loss of activity. The reason for the impairment of catalysis in uncD412 F1-ATPase cannot be stated with certainty from these studies. However we discuss the possibility that the mutation interrupts subunit interaction, thereby causing a partial impairment in the site-site co operativity which is required for 'promotion' of catalysis in this enzyme. PMID- 6228225 TI - The core protein of fibroblast proteoheparan sulphate consists of disulphide bonded subunits. AB - Fibroblast proteoheparan sulphate has a disulphide-bonded subunit structure. The core protein appears to consist of two polypeptides each of Mr 80 000-100 000. As shown elsewhere [Carlstedt, Coster, Malmstrom & Fransson (1983) J. Biol. Chem. in the press], both polypeptide molecules carry four to six heparan sulphate side chains (approx. Mr 20 000) and an unknown number of oligosaccharide units, giving the whole macromolecule an Mr in the range 300 000-400 000. PMID- 6228227 TI - Myotonic dystrophy: fragility of band 3 membrane protein upon resealing of erythrocyte ghosts and the normality of ATPase activity, sialic acid content, and spectrin extractability of ghosts. AB - Since a number of recent reports (2,14) have shown that myotonic dystrophy (MyD) might be an inherited disorder of cell membranes, we studied erythrocytes of 10 patients with MyD to investigate the membrane abnormality. In the osmotical aspect, the relative hemolysis of erythrocytes in patients with MyD in a solution of 75 mM NaCl displayed almost half the value of the normal level. Our experiments using electrophoresis demonstrated that a main polypeptide of membrane, band 3 (by the nomenclature of Fairbanks et al. (15], in patients with MyD was very fragile in the process of erythrocyte ghosts resealing in the isotonic medium. No significant differences were observed in membrane-bound Ca2+ ATPase activities, sialic acid contents, and spectrin extractability assessed by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis between normal and MyD. It is suggested that abnormality of MyD erythrocytes may be localized to the surface membrane, especially around band 3. PMID- 6228228 TI - Isolation and nucleotide sequence of a partial cDNA clone for bovine opsin. AB - Bovine cDNAs were cloned by using a mixture of 18-base-long synthetic deoxyribonucleotides as a hybridization probe. The longest cDNA clone (pBO-1) contained an 811-bp insert that included the 434 bp of the coding region corresponding to the C-terminal 144 amino acid residues of opsin peptide and the 377 bp of the 3'-untranslated region. The size of opsin mRNA was determined as 23 S by Northern blot hybridization. Bovine liver DNA gave rise to a single band of 2.8 kb, 1.1 kb and 7.9 kb each with Eco RI, Hind III and Bam HI, respectively, by Southern blot hybridization with pBO-1 as probe. Therefore, bovine opsin gene may occur once per haploid genome. PMID- 6228226 TI - Preparation and properties of a complex from rat liver of polyribosomes with components of the cytoskeleton. AB - Gel filtration with 1% agarose (Bio-Gel A-150m) separates polyribosomes bound to microsomal membranes from 'free' polyribosomes when these fractions are prepared by standard centrifugal techniques. However, when polyribosomes contained in an unfractionated postmitochondrial supernatant are run on an identical column, over 90% of the total polyribosomes are present as aggregates, designated 'membrane cytomatrix', which are eluted in the column void volume. Polyribosomes are not released from these aggregates on removal of microsomal phospholipids by treatment of postmitochondrial supernatant with 1% Triton X-100, a neutral detergent. The aggregates are disrupted by the usual ultracentrifugation techniques used in subcellular fractionation. After treatment of membrane cytomatrix with Triton X-100 to remove phospholipids and membrane proteins, 58% of the polyribosomes still remain associated with protein-containing complexes in the form of a cytomatrix and are not 'free'. Preparations of both membrane cytomatrix and cytomatrix are capable of sustained protein synthesis. Sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis revealed that the cytoskeletal proteins actin and myosin are present in the cytomatrix. Incubation of cytomatrix preparations with the actin-depolymerizing agent deoxyribonuclease I caused release of the polyribosomes. Polyribosome release by deoxyribonuclease I was prevented by prior incubation with phalloidin, which is known to stabilize F-actin. Thus polyribosomes are associated with cytoskeletal elements in rat liver, and this association is dependent on polymeric forms of actin. PMID- 6228229 TI - Identification of the initially NBD-labeled essential tyrosine residue in bovine heart MF1-ATPase. AB - Bovine heart MF1-ATPase was labeled with limiting amounts of [14C]NBD-C1[( 14C]4 chloro-7-nitro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole) and the resulting radioactive label on the essential Tyr was stabilized by reduction with zinc in the presence of multidentate ligand EDTA and redox mediator 4,4'-dipyridyl. Subsequent treatment of the labeled protein with cyanogen bromide and separation of the reaction mixture by ion-exchange chromatography yielded essentially only one radioactive polypeptide. Further cleavage of this polypeptide with TPCK-trypsin, lactonization of the terminal homoserine residue and reaction with derivatized polystyrene resin gave a shorter peptide attached to the solid support which contained all the radioactivity. Edman degradation showed that the amino acid sequence of this peptide was Glu . Gly . Asn . Asp . Leu . Tyr . His . Glu . Met, which corresponds to residues 192-200 in the beta subunit of bovine heart MF1 ATPase as determined by Runswick and Walker (1983). Since this specifically labeled Tyr-197 is separated by only one amino acid residue from the essential Glu-199 which was labeled specifically with dicyclohexylcarbodiimide by Yoshida et al. (1982) it seems most likely that both Tyr-197 and Glu-199 play direct roles in the catalytic hydrolysis and synthesis of ATP. PMID- 6228230 TI - A possible role of protein kinase C in signal-induced lysosomal enzyme release. AB - In platelets, activation of protein kinase C and mobilization of Ca2+ were selectively induced by the addition of 1-oleoyl-2-acetyl-glycerol and a low concentration of A23187, respectively (Kaibuchi, K., Takai, Y., Sawamura, M., Hoshijima, M., Fujikura, T. and Nishizuka, Y. (1983) J. Biol. Chem. 258, 6701 6704). Using this procedure evidence was obtained suggesting that the protein phosphorylation and Ca2+ mobilization were both essential and synergistically effective to cause release of lysosomal acid hydrolases such as N acetylglucosaminidase. A similar observation was made for the lysosomal enzyme release from rat neutrophils. PMID- 6228231 TI - Cation permeability induced by two 15-O5 macrocyclic polyether carriers in phospholipidic large unilamellar vesicles. AB - Sodium permeability in phospholipidic large unilamellar vesicles induced by two 15-O5 macrocyclic polyether derivatives, a carboxylic one 1a and a neutral one 1b, has been studied. The neutral derivative, 1b, appears to behave as a classical mobile carrier such as valinomycin and the carboxylic carrier, 1a, as an ionophore of the nigericin group. PMID- 6228232 TI - Alkylating agent interactions with the nuclear matrix. AB - The interrelationship of DNA to the nuclear matrix is integral to the organization of chromatin within the nucleus and to the DNA replication process. The influence of nitrosourea and nitrogen mustard interactions with the nuclear matrix were studied in log phase HeLa cells. Alkylation of the nuclear matrix by chlorozotocin (CLZ) or 1-(2-chloroethyl-3-cyclohexyl)-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) was 1.58 and 1.27 pmoles drug/micrograms protein, respectively, whereas carbamoylation by CCNU was 32.5 pmoles/micrograms. These constituted approximately 30% of the total (nuclear) drug modifications. The structural matricin fibrillar components of the matrix were alkylated and carbamoylated twice as much as the ribonuclear protein elements (RNP). However, when alkylations are measured per microgram of protein, the ratio of covalently bound drug to RNP:matricin was 1.2 for both CLZ and CCNU. The RNP:matricin carbamoylation ratio for CCNU was 0.9. The importance of DNA and matrix protein alkylations to the process of reassociation was studied. Under control conditions, in vitro, approximately 80% of the DNA was associated with the matrix at a protein:DNA ratio (micrograms for micrograms) of 50:1. Direct alkylation or carbamoylation of the matrix proteins did not affect these DNA-protein interactions. However, using in vitro alkylated DNA (1 alkylation/10(2) base pairs), there was a 60% reduction of the alkylated nucleic acid bound to the matrix at the same protein: DNA ratio. The reduced binding of DNA to matrix may be a function of interference with the DNA recognition sites by alkylation of specific bases. The interference of DNA-matrix association by DNA alkylation may contribute to the cytotoxic activity of these antineoplastic agents. PMID- 6228233 TI - [The cost of medical care for persons bitten by dogs in Ciudad Juarez, Mexico]. PMID- 6228234 TI - [Health care for rural ethnic minorities. Various anthropological observations]. PMID- 6228235 TI - [Care for the adolescent in crisis. A new alternative]. PMID- 6228237 TI - [The strategy of health for all in all its magnitude]. PMID- 6228236 TI - [Toxicologic aspect of environmental contamination caused by accidents]. PMID- 6228238 TI - [Supply, maintenance and repair of laboratory equipment in developing countries]. PMID- 6228239 TI - [Leishmanias and cutaneous leishmaniasis in Latin America]. PMID- 6228240 TI - [A community food program]. PMID- 6228241 TI - [Activities of pyrimidine nucleoside phosphorylase in brain tumors and antitumor effect of 5'-DFUR]. AB - Activities of pyrimidine nucleoside phosphorylase in brain tumors were measured and their relationship to a clinical course of the patients was investigated. Pyrimidine nucleoside phosphorylase is said to exist more quantitatively in malignant tumors such as Sarcoma 180, Ehrlich ascites carcinoma, Walker 256, and hepatoma, and very little in normal tissues. In brain tumors the activities were measured by bioassay and compared to that of Sarcoma 180. When the activity of Sarcoma 180 was expressed to be 100%, those of brain tumors were as follows: ten cases of normal brain less than 8.5; six cases of glioblastoma 39.3 +/- 30.7; five cases of astrocytoma 22.0 +/- 13.8; five cases of meningioma 22.4 +/- 13.7; two cases of oligodendroglioma 8.1 and 11.3; two cases of sarcoma 94.3 and 145.4; chordoma 48.0; ependymoblastoma 3.7; plexus papilloma 22.5; parotid cancer 43.4; ten cases of metastatic brain tumors from lung cancer 61.5 +/- 41.6; two cases from breast cancer 28.0 and 68.8; that from thyroid cancer 10.0; that from gastric cancer 13.5; malignant melanoma 77.2. In 12 cases of gliomas (glioblastoma, astrocytoma, oligodendroglioma) the mean activity was highest in glioblastoma (39.3), followed by astrocytoma (22.0) and oligodendroglioma (9.7). The postoperative survival time became shorter in gliomas with the higher activities. In metastatic brain tumors from lung, breast, and gastric cancer, the average time from the diagnosis of primary cancer to brain metastasis was shorter in cases with high activities and longer in cases with low activities.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6228243 TI - Concanavalin A induced suppressor cell activity and autorosette forming cells in chronic myeloid leukemia patients. AB - In the present paper attempts have been made to investigate suppressor cell activity in CML patients in first and subsequent remissions in order to study the relationship between suppressor cell activity and progression of the disease. For this purpose, the ability of Con A activated suppressor cells from peripheral blood of CML patients in 1st, 2nd and 3rd remission to suppress PHA response of autologous lymphocytes is investigated and compared with that of normal healthy donors. The ability of Con A activated cell population to form rosettes with autologous RBCs (ARFC) is also investigated. The results indicate that lymphocytes from CML patients in 1st (61.8 +/- 6.1%), 2nd (62.6 +/- 3.0%) and 3rd (55.3 +/- 4.8%) remissions show significantly high suppressor cell activity than normal healthy donors (36.5 +/- 1.9%) when activated with Con A. Similarly, generation of spontaneous suppressor cell activity was also higher in 1st (23.3 +/- 4.7%) and 2nd (25.3 +/- 4.2%) remission lymphocytes than controls (10.1 +/- 2.5%). In the 3rd remission however, the spontaneous suppressor cell activity (14.5 +/- 3.2%) was comparable to controls. Thus it appears that a higher suppressor cell precursor population is present in CML patients in remission. However, this could not be correlated with the progression of the disease. CML patients in 1st remission also revealed an increased percentage of ARFC which correlated with the suppressor cell function. The ARFC activity tested in a few patients in subsequent remissions was comparable with controls although functional suppressor activity was increased. PMID- 6228242 TI - Assessment of left atrial dimensions by cross sectional echocardiography in patients with mitral valve disease. AB - Left atrial dimensions were measured using cross sectional echocardiography in 37 patients with mitral valve disease and 30 normal subjects of similar ages. The anteroposterior (AP), superior-inferior (SI), and medial-lateral (ML) left atrial dimensions were determined at the end of ventricular systole using parasternal long and short axis and apical four chamber views (for SIa and MLa). To assess the reliability of these measurements cross sectional echocardiographic and angiographic left atrial volumes were compared in 19 patients with mitral valve disease, giving an excellent correlation. A moderate correlation was found between the anteroposterior dimension of the left atrium obtained using M mode echocardiography and that obtained using the parasternal short axis and long axis projections. In normal subjects a good correlation was found between SI and ML dimensions, while a lower correlation was found between SI and AP, and ML and AP dimensions. The SI dimension was the major axis of the left atrium and AP dimension the minor axis. In patients with mitral valve disease a good correlation was found between SI and ML dimensions, while SI and ML dimensions had a low correlation with AP dimensions. The AP dimension was the minor axis of the left atrium, while the SI and ML dimensions were not significantly different. All left atrial dimensions were significantly greater in patients with mitral valve disease than in normal subjects. Of 30 patients with at least one dimension increased, all three dimensions were abnormal in 16, two dimensions were increased in 10, and only one dimension was increased in four. AP, SI, and ML dimensions were abnormal in 25, 20, and 27 patients, respectively. Cross sectional echocardiography may provide a reliable estimate of left atrial dimensions. In patients with mitral valve disease a thorough examination of the left atrium using multiple cross sectional views is necessary to detect asymmetric left atrial enlargement and to measure the degree of left atrial dilatation. PMID- 6228244 TI - The outcome of primary irritant hand dermatitis. AB - Four hundred and sixty-two patients suffering from primary irritant hand dermatitis were sent postal questionnaires after 1-16 years regarding the outcome of their dermatitis. Two hundred and thirteen patients replied (a compliance rate of 46%). Of the 213 replies 188 were accepted for analysis, of whom only 58 (30.8%) had complete remission of their dermatitis, whilst 130 patients (69.2%) had continuous, or intermittent disease. Of sixty-four patients who changed their occupation only twenty-one (32.8%) had complete remission of their dermatitis as opposed to thirty-seven (29.8%) of 124 who continued their occupation after the diagnosis of primary irritant hand dermatitis was made. It would appear that the outcome of primary irritant hand dermatitis is not favourable, even after 10 years, and change of occupation has no significant effect. PMID- 6228245 TI - Acne conglobata responding to buserelin, a gonadotrophin-releasing hormone analogue. AB - A 65-year-old man who had had acne conglabata since early adult life was treated with buserelin for advanced prostatic cancer. Within 1 month of starting therapy, the inflammatory acne had completely resolved and this coincided with remission of the carcinoma. Gonadotrophin-releasing hormone analogues may be useful in the treatment of resistant acne. PMID- 6228246 TI - Ultraviolet carcinogenesis in mice and men. PMID- 6228247 TI - The effect of azelaic acid on acne. PMID- 6228248 TI - A radio-isotope study of the healing of mandibular bone grafts in patients. AB - Radionucleotide scanning is now accepted as a reliable method of visualising the metabolic activity of the skeletal system. Its application to the maxillo-facial region is reviewed, and its possible role in monitoring the healing of bone grafts is discussed. The radio-isotope 99m technetium-methylene diphosphonate was used to study the revascularisation and healing of large autogenous bone grafts to the mandible in eight patients. The scans demonstrated the dynamic activity in the grafts and showed varying patterns in different types of grafts. PMID- 6228249 TI - The influence of a maternal diet rich in linoleic acid on brain and retinal docosahexaenoic acid in the rat. AB - Female rats were given throughout pregnancy and lactation a semi-synthetic diet, in which the fat was provided entirely by a soft margarine rich in linoleic acid (18:2 omega 6) or by mixture of butter and lard, and the influence on the fatty acid composition of fetal and pup brain and retinal phosphoglycerides was studied. The percentage of docosahexaenoic acid (22:6 omega 3) was much lower but that of docosapentaenoic acid (22:5 omega 6) was correspondingly higher in the brains of the day-22 fetuses and the 21-d-old pups from the margarine group compared with those from the group given the animal fats. Similar changes were noted in the synaptosomal and retinal phosphoglycerides, being most marked in the ethanolamine phosphoglycerides. The remaining pups from two groups were weaned on day 21 post partum on to the same stock diet that contained preformed 22:6 omega 3. After 9 weeks of this diet, the differences between the two groups in the fatty acid composition of the brain phosphoglycerides were barely discernible. The percentage of 22:5 omega 6 had decreased and had been replaced by 22:6 omega 3. It is concluded that the consequences of consuming a diet rich in linoleic acid and almost devoid of 22:6 omega 3 on brain fatty acid composition deserve consideration in man. PMID- 6228250 TI - Composition and structure of zinc-deficient Euglena gracilis chromatin. AB - The histone content of zinc-deficient (-Zn) Euglena gracilis decreases while, concomitantly, DNA content increases and the transcription rate is reduced markedly [Mazus, B., Falchuk, K. H., & Vallee, B. L. (1983) Biochemistry (in press); Falchuk, K. H., Fawcett, D. W., & Vallee, B. L. (1975) J. Cell Sci. 17, 57-78]. The effects on major constituents of the genome have been examined by studying the rate and extent of hydrolysis of +Zn and -Zn chromatin by micrococcal nuclease, DNase I, or DNase II. The size of hydrolyzed DNA fragments suggests similarity of the +Zn E. gracilis chromatin organization to that of other eukaryotes. The major protein constituent of -Zn chromatin is a polypeptide of less than 3000 daltons whose electrophoretic mobility differs from that of any known histone components of chromatin, the latter described elsewhere (K. H. Falchuk et al., unpublished results). This protein profoundly affects the structure of -Zn chromatin, which is about 10-30-fold more resistant to micrococcal nuclease hydrolysis than +Zn chromatin. Moreover, the resultant DNA fragments [2000 base pairs (bp)], are much larger than those of +Zn cells. Under conditions which hydrolyze +Zn chromatin into DNA fragments smaller than 50 bp, only 50% of -Zn chromatin is digested into fragments less than 2000 bp, i.e., in the range of those expected for oligonucleosomes. Removal of the low molecular weight protein from -Zn chromatin reverses its enhanced resistance to nucleolysis and results in extensive hydrolysis. Conversely, addition of the low molecular weight protein to +Zn chromatin increases the resistance of this complex to digestion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6228251 TI - Comparative analysis of glycopeptides derived from human platelet membrane glycoprotein Ib. AB - Although several purification procedures have been reported for platelet glycocalicin and macroglycopeptide, compositional data suggest that contamination with tightly associated peptide fragments is a continuing problem. This, together with the lack of a reliable estimate of molecular weights, has delayed a clear resolution of the relationship of intact platelet membrane glycoprotein Ib and these proteolytically derived glycopeptides. A new procedure was developed for purification of both macroglycopeptide and glycocalicin from human platelet plasma membranes. It consists of ion-exchange chromatography on diethylaminoethyl Sephacel, lectin affinity chromatography on wheat germ agglutinin coupled to Sepharose, and gel filtration chromatography under denaturing conditions and avoids exposure of these sialylated glycoproteins to acidic conditions. Electrophoretic evidence for the purity of macroglycopeptide and glycocalicin prepared by this procedure was obtained by Laemmli (1970) [Laemmli, U.K. (1970) Nature (London) 227, 680-685] sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of samples radiolabeled by sequential sodium metaperiodate oxidation and borotritide reduction. Electrophoresis gave apparent molecular weights of 108 000 and 118 000 for macroglycopeptide and glycocalicin, respectively. However, sedimentation equilibrium centrifugation experiments using the meniscus-depletion method in 6 M guanidine hydrochloride established the weight-average molecular weights of macroglycopeptide and glycocalicin as 59 700 and 105 600, respectively. The molecular weight determinations are the first by a primary physical method for platelet macroglycopeptide and glycocalicin and, together with compositional analyses, permitted calculation of the compositions of the two glycopeptides in terms of residues per molecule, which is consistent with the derivation of macroglycopeptide from glycocalicin by proteolysis. PMID- 6228252 TI - Self-association of rabbit muscle phosphofructokinase: role of subunit interaction in regulation of enzymatic activity. AB - Phosphofructokinase (PFK) has been reversibly inactivated by oxidized glutathione. The physical properties of this inactivated form were characterized by sedimentation studies. In the presence of saturating amounts of fructose 6 phosphate and the nonhydrolyzable ATP analogue 5'-adenylyl imidodiphosphate, the inactivated PFK sediments as a 13.5S component. Sedimentation equilibrium study identifies it to be a tetramer with a molecular weight of 320 000. Sedimentation velocity studies in buffer alone at both pH 7.00 and pH 8.55 reveal that this inactivated enzyme can still undergo self-association with the same stoichiometry as that of the native enzyme, although the equilibrium constants are in favor of the formation of lower aggregates. The presence of allosteric activators, either ADP or cAMP, enhances the association of the inactivated PFK without changing its stoichiometry, an observation similar to that of the native enzyme. However, quantitatively the enhancement of association is not to the same extent as that of the native enzyme. Conversely, citrate favors the formation of smaller aggregates quantitatively similar to that of the native enzyme. Hence, this study shows that the oxidation state of the protein sulfhydryl groups influences the physical properties of PFK and the modulation of PFK activity is linked to subunit association-dissociation and quaternary structural changes. PMID- 6228253 TI - Studies of hematoporphyrin and hematoporphyrin derivative equilibria in heterogeneous systems. Porphyrin-liposome binding and porphyrin aqueous dimerization. AB - Two processes of porphyrins in heterogeneous systems containing aqueous and membrane phases have been studied with hematoporphyrin and hematoporphyrin derivative: Dimerization equilibrium in the aqueous phases and porphyrin-membrane binding equilibrium using liposomes as models for biological membranes. The interrelationship of aqueous aggregations and membrane binding was probed and the porphyrin aggregation state in the membrane, at equilibrium, was assessed. Fluorimetric techniques were employed. The dimerization equilibrium constants, at neutral pH and 37 degrees C were found to be 2.8 X 10(5) M-1 and 1.9 X 10(6) M-1 for hematoporphyrin and its derivative, respectively. Over a porphyrin concentration range going from monomer-dominant to dimer-dominant systems, we have found that only monomers are bound to the membrane. The respective monomer liposome binding constants, found to be independent of the initial monomer/dimer distribution in the aqueous phase, were determined to be 1.6 X 10(3) M-1 and 4.1 X 10(3) M-1 at neutral pH and 37 degrees C for hematoporphyrin and its derivative, respectively. The monomer-liposome interaction was found to perurb the initial monomer/dimer distribution in the aqueous phase, so that the monomers residing at equilibrium in the membrane originate from both monomers and dimers in the aqueous phase. PMID- 6228254 TI - A homopolymer of the potent antitumor drug 2'-deoxy-5-fluorouridylate. AB - Poly(5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridylic acid) was synthesized and its properties were compared with those of poly(dT) and poly(dU). It readily complexed with poly(dA). The 1:1 complex melted at about 20 degrees C lower than poly(dA) . poly(dT). A triple-stranded helix, poly(dA) . 2 poly(dF5U) was formed only in high salt (2.0 M NaCl). PMID- 6228255 TI - Possible role of a regulatory gene product upon the myo-inositol-1-phosphate synthase production in Neurospora crassa. AB - The regulatory effect of inositol on inositol-1-phosphate synthase in Neurospora crassa strains was studied. Inositol represses enzyme production in the cultures of the wild type and that of the thermosensitive inositol-requiring mutant grown at 22 degrees C. Enzyme activity as well as the quantity of enzyme protein decreased sharply in both strains by increasing concentrations of inositol in the medium. Inositol-requiring strains used in our experiments can be divided into two groups. The first group produces a protein related immunologically to inositol phosphate synthase, but which is enzymatically inactive. The synthesis of this defective enzyme was also repressed by inositol. In the second group, this protein was found to be completely lacking, in both the thermosensitive mutant grown at 37 degrees C, and in a strain requiring inositol due to a reciprocal translocation. The thermostability and the cross immunoelectrophoresis of the enzyme suggest that in the case of the thermosensitive inositol-requiring mutant, the mutation did not occur in the structural gene of the enzyme, but its regulation was probably affected. PMID- 6228256 TI - DNAase I and cellular factors that affect chromatin structure. AB - The use of DNAase I as a probe of chromatin structure is frequently fraught with problems of irreproducibility. We have recently evaluated this procedure, documented the sources of the problems, and standardized the method for reproducible results (Prentice and Gurley (1983) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 740, 134 144). We have now used this probe to detect differences in chromatin structure between cells blocked (1) in G1 phase by isoleucine deprivation, or (2) in early S phase by sequential use of isoleucine deprivation followed by release into the presence of hydroxyurea. The cells blocked in G1 phase have easily-digestible chromatin, while cells blocked in early S phase have chromatin which is much more resistant to DNAase I. These differences were found to be the result of diffusible factors found in the cytoplasm and nuclei of G1- and S-phase cells, respectively. The G1 cells contained a cytoplasmic factor which modulates the chromatin structure of S-phase nuclei to a more easily digestible state, while cells blocked in S phase contain a nuclear factor which modulates the chromatin structure of G1 nuclei to a state more resistant to digestion. DNAase I is much more sensitive to these cell cycle-specific chromatin changes than is micrococcal nuclease. The results indicate that, under controlled conditions, DNAase I should be a valuable probe for detecting chromatin structural changes associated with cell cycle traverse, differentiation, development, hormone action and chemical toxicity. PMID- 6228257 TI - Crosslinking of platelet glycoprotein Ib by N-succinimidyl(4 azidophenyldithio)propionate and 3,3'-dithiobis(sulfosuccinimidyl propionate). AB - To examine the relationship between glycoprotein Ib and other proteins in the platelet membrane and the interaction of this protein with thrombin, platelets were crosslinked by two cleavable reagents, SADP (N-succinimidyl(4 azidophenyldithio)propionate) and DTSSP (3,3'-dithiobis(sulfosuccinimidyl propionate]. Two-dimensional, unreduced-reduced sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) polyacrylamide electrophoresis and staining by silver or wheat germ agglutinin conjugated peroxidase, after protein transfer to nitrocellulose, demonstrated that SADP intramolecularly crosslinked glycoprotein Ib and formed intermolecular complexes of glycorprotein IIb and some high molecular weight proteins. DTSSP intermolecularly crosslinked glycoprotein Ib, glycoprotein IIb, and other high molecular weight proteins. With a low concentration of 125I-labeled TLCK-thrombin (6 nM), crosslinking with SADP yielded a 200 000 Da complex containing radioactive-labeled thrombin, and high TLCK-thrombin concentration (0.1 microM) gave the complex and a 167 000 band. alpha- and TLCK-thrombin crosslinking with DTSSP also yielded the 200 000 complex formed by reaction with SADP or DTSSP was markedly reduced by preincubation of platelets with excess unlabeled TLCK thrombin and had a pI similar to glycoprotein Ib. These results suggest that glycoprotein Ib is one of the proteins composing the high affinity receptor for thrombin. PMID- 6228258 TI - Actin and associated proteins in gastric epithelial cells. AB - A quantitative assessment of the distribution and state of microfilament-related proteins in the heterocellular fundic gastric epithelium was carried out. Actin content, as determined by the DNAase inhibition assay, ranged from 29 to 42 micrograms/mg of tissue protein, depending upon the tissue source. About 60% of the total actin existed in fresh tissue in the polymeric form (F-actin). The distribution of fluorescent-labelled phallicidin demonstrated that F-actin was concentrated predominantly in the acid-secreting oxyntic cells. The patterns of distribution corresponded to the location of the numerous elongated apical surface microvilli seen within oxyntic cell canaliculi. In the isolated apical membrane, actin represented about 10% of the total protein and was present entirely as F-actin. After mild treatment of membranes with Triton X-100, filaments could be readily visualized by negative staining. More extensive Triton X-100 extraction solubilized intrinsic membrane protein and yielded an insoluble residue highly enriched in actin and containing several additional polypeptides. Homogenization and fractionation of the gastric epithelium in low ionic strength media led to the depolymerization of a significant proportion of the tissue actin which was recovered in the homogenate supernatant. When purified by DNAase affinity chromatography, this gastric actin displayed structural and functional properties similar to muscle actin. Incubation of the homogenate supernatant in KCl-Mg2+ induced the formation of actin-rich gels. The gels contained myosin as well as several other peptides that may be actin-binding proteins. PMID- 6228259 TI - Interactions of basement membrane components. AB - The binding of laminin, type IV collagen, and heparan sulfate proteoglycan to each other was assessed. Laminin binds preferentially to native type IV (basement membrane) collagen over other collagens. A fragment of laminin (Mr 600 000) containing the three short chains (Mr 200 000) but lacking the long chain (Mr 400 000) showed the same affinity for type IV collagen as the intact protein. The heparan sulfate proteoglycan binds well to laminin and to type IV collagen. These studies show that laminin, type IV collagen and heparan sulfate proteoglycan interact with each other. Such interactions in situ may determine the structure of basement membranes. PMID- 6228260 TI - Inhibition of glycosyltransferases by bis-(p-nitrophenyl)phosphate: general effect and relation to their membrane integration. AB - The effect of bis-(p-nitrophenyl)phosphate on various glycosyltransferases involved in protein glycosylation (sialyl-, fucosyl-, galactosyl-, mannosyl- and glucosyltransferases) have been studied using crude enzyme preparations solubilized from rat spleen lymphocytes. Bis-(p-nitrophenyl)phosphate appears as a common inhibitor for every glycosyltransferase reaction utilizing sugar nucleotides as direct donors. In most cases 10 mM inhibitor is sufficient to obtain a 90 per cent inhibition. Kinetic studies achieved with a purified galactosyltransferase preparation reveal that bis-(p-nitrophenyl)phosphate exerts a competitive inhibition towards UDP-galactose binding. Concerning membrane-bound enzymes, the interaction of bis-(p-nitrophenyl)phosphate depends on its accessibility to the enzyme active site. This is shown by the different effect obtained with two UDP-Glc utilizing membrane-bound enzymes : UDP-Glc : phospho dolichyl glucosyltransferase and UDP-Glc : ceramide glucosyltransferase : the first one not being affected but the second one being markedly inhibited under the same condition, although both are inhibited when the membrane environment is disturbed by detergent. Bis-(p-nitrophenyl)phosphate appears to be a tool to study membrane topology of glycosyltransferases. PMID- 6228261 TI - Structural differences between atrial and ventricular myosins from normal human hearts. AB - Comparisons were made between myosins isolated from the right and left ventricles and the atria of normal human hearts. Parameters examined included electrophoretic mobilities of native molecules, K+ and Ca2+ dependent enzymatic activities, light chain composition, peptide patterns from partial proteolytic digests of entire heavy chains or rods, and maps of complete digests of specific 21 and 25 kilodalton heavy chain fragments. Human ventricular and atrial myosins differ in all parameters except in the charge of molecules. Structural differences between cardiac myosins derived from the two sources were apparent in both the head and tail portions of the heavy chains. With respect to the above parameters no differences were found between myosins from left and right human ventricles. PMID- 6228262 TI - Steroid metabolism in the corpus luteum of the ferret. AB - Implantation in the ferret is believed to be induced by a luteal substance which acts in concert with progesterone (P4) and which is secreted sometime between Days 6 and 8 of pregnancy. This experiment was designed to identify the steroid products synthesized by ferret corpora lutea (CL) on these 2 days of pregnancy. CL were dissected from ferrets on Day 6 or 8 of pregnancy and incubated with [3H] pregnenolone (P3), [3H] P4, or [3H] dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA). Controls with no tissue or with 50 microliters packed blood cells were incubated at the same time. After incubation of Day 6 CL with [3H] P3 for 180 min, 39% of the added label was found incorporated into P4, 3% into 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone (17 alpha-OHP4) and 1% into androstenedione (A). Incubation of Day 8 CL with the same precursor resulted in 35%, 1% and 0.65% of the label being incorporated into the previously mentioned products, respectively. Incubations of Days 6 and 8 ferret CL with [3H] P4 or [3H] DHEA confirmed these results, demonstrating activity of C21-steroid, 17 alpha-hydroxylase and delta 5-isomerase, 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3 beta-HSD). These results suggest that ferret CL primarily accumulate steroids of the delta4 pathway on both Days 6 and 8 of pregnancy, with P4, 17 alpha-OHP4, A and testosterone (T) being the most abundant products after in vitro incubation. Thus, ferret CL appear to metabolize steroids in a manner similar to that observed in rats, sows and mares. PMID- 6228263 TI - Binding of mitochondrial ATPase from ox heart to its naturally occurring inhibitor protein: localization by antibody binding. AB - The naturally occurring ATPase inhibitor protein from ox heart mitochondria was cross-linked to its binding site on the mitochondrial ATPase using 1-ethyl-3 (dimethylamino)propyl carbodiimide. The cross-linked product, when transferred electrophoretically to a nitrocellulose sheet, reacted with antibodies directed against the inhibitor protein and the beta-subunit of the ATPase. It was concluded that the binding site for the inhibitor protein lies on the beta subunit. PMID- 6228265 TI - Suppressor T-cell circuit in man. PMID- 6228264 TI - Isolation of two ATPase inhibitor proteins from mitochondria of rat skeletal muscle. AB - An ATPase inhibitor protein was isolated from mitochondria of rat skeletal muscle by alkaline extraction and then was purified. It differed in definitive ways from the ATPase inhibitor protein isolated previously by Ca2+-stripping of submitochondrial particles of rat skeletal muscle. The two ATPase inhibitor proteins were shown to be present together in intact mitochondria. PMID- 6228266 TI - Diagnosis criteria and classification of human primary defects of humoral immunity. PMID- 6228267 TI - Lymphoid cell-derived lectin-like receptor molecules as immunoregulatory signals in immunodeficiency. PMID- 6228268 TI - T cells and T-cell subsets in a large population of patients with primary immunodeficiency. PMID- 6228269 TI - Treatment of defects of humoral immunity. PMID- 6228270 TI - The regulation of the human humoral immune response and functional assays for its assessment. PMID- 6228271 TI - X-linked lymphoproliferative syndrome: abnormal antibody responses to bacteriophage phi X 174. PMID- 6228272 TI - Down syndrome: a model of immunodeficiency. PMID- 6228273 TI - Appearance of antibody-producing cells in the peripheral blood in response to immunization with a specific antigen. PMID- 6228274 TI - The identification and function of T cells, T-cell subsets, and their factors. PMID- 6228275 TI - Defective expression of mononuclear cell membrane HLA antigens associated with combined immunodeficiency: impaired cellular interactions. PMID- 6228276 TI - Cournand lecture: Mechanical action of the abdominal muscles. AB - The abdominal muscles, by causing a rise in abdominal pressure and a cranial displacement of the diaphragm, 1--deflate the lungs (minimize the increase in FRC which normally occurs when adopting the standing posture), 2--exert an expanding force on the lower rib cage, which may counterbalance or even dominate the insertional (expiratory) force they exert on the lower ribs by way of their insertions, 3--improve the pressure-generating ability of the diaphragm. In addition, because they prevent the diaphragmatic dome from descending during inspiration, they also improve the rib cage expanding action of the diaphragm. PMID- 6228277 TI - Increased 5-HT2 receptor number in brain as a probable explanation for the enhanced 5-hydroxytryptamine-mediated behaviour following repeated electroconvulsive shock administration to rats. AB - Following electroconvulsive shock (ECS) administration daily for 10 days there was an increase (35%) in 5-hydroxytryptamine2 (5-HT2) receptor number in rat frontal cortex 24 h after the last ECS, compared with handled controls. A similar increase was seen after intermittent ECS administration (5 ECS over 10 days) given during halothane anaesthesia, compared with halothane-treated controls. The dissociation constant was also increased at this time. A single ECS had no effect. Treatment of rats with pentylenetetrazol, p-chlorophenylalanine or alpha methyl p-tyrosine during the intermittent ECS administration abolished the increase in 5-HT2 receptor binding. Since enhanced 5-HT-mediated behavioural responses are seen after repeated ECS but not when the ECS is given with the drug treatments outlined above, it is suggested that ECS-induced enhancement of 5-HT mediated behaviour results from an increase in 5-HT2 receptor number. PMID- 6228278 TI - Selectivity of 4-methylhistamine at H1- and H2-receptors in the guinea-pig isolated ileum. AB - The selectivity of 4-methylhistamine (4-MH) as an agonist at histamine H1- and H2 receptors has been evaluated in the guinea-pig isolated ileum. The EC50 values of 4-MH on H1- and H2-receptors that mediate contractile responses were determined. The EC50 at H1-receptors was estimated after selective blockade of H2-receptors by tiotidine and the EC50 at H2-receptors estimated after selective blockade of H1-receptors by mepyramine. The -log EC50 values at H1- and at H2-receptors were 4.57 and 5.23, respectively. The dissociation constants for the interaction of 4 MH with H1- and H2-receptors were determined. The -log KD values at H1- and H2 receptors were 3.55 and 4.27, respectively. These results suggest that 4-MH is only about 5 times as potent at H2- as it is at H1-receptors in the guinea-pig ileum and that 4-MH should be used with caution to discriminate between H1- and H2-receptors. PMID- 6228279 TI - Hypoxia-induced cardiac hypertrophy in rabbits treated with verapamil and nifedipine. AB - Young rabbits were exposed, eight at a time, to 310 h of hypoxia (O2 at 70-80 torr), at atmospheric pressure. The animals were injected with 1 mg kg-1 nifedipine (F) or 5 mg kg-1 verapamil (V) or an equivalent volume of the vehicle (H) (Cremophor EL), i.p. twice a day. A fourth group (N), also injected with vehicle, was not made hypoxic. The animals were from 6 litters, 6 rabbits in each litter, and were distributed so that every group had litter mates in the other groups. Right ventricular hypertrophy was induced in all the hypoxic groups (H, +39%; V, +46%; F, +44%). Differences between groups were not statistically significant, but all were significantly hypertrophied relative to their normoxic litter mates (N). The right atria were less hypertrophied (H, +3.6%; V, +20%; F, +21.6%), but there was no left ventricular or left atrial hypertrophy. There was also a small increase in haematocrit in the hypoxic groups (H, +20.6%; V, +17.5%; F, +28.8%). The doses administered were equivalent to the highest used clinically producing blood levels of verapamil and nifedipine within or above the clinical range and had no effect on the development of cardiac hypertrophy. PMID- 6228280 TI - Psychological factors in the treatment of back pain by spinal manipulation. AB - Ninety patients with low back pain completed a short form of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) and, subsequently, received spinal manipulative therapy. Most (84%) of the patients reported immediate relief following manipulation but the extent of that relief was not correlated with any psychological measure. However, several days after treatment, the percentage of patients reporting improvement was much lower (55%) and lack of improvement was associated with elevated scores on hypochondriasis (Hs), and functional low back pain (Lb). Unimproved patients also tended to report longer durations of back pain prior to treatment. Multiple regression analyses indicated that pain duration and the psychological factors were independent predictors of the response to treatment. It is suggested that, although a single manipulative treatment will often relieve the immediate cause of back pain, underlying psychosomatic factors may predispose the condition to recur. PMID- 6228281 TI - High renal activity on bone scintigrams. A sign of hypercalcaemia? AB - Various abnormalities of the renal tract can be detected from the renal images seen on 99Tcm methylene diphosphonate (MDP) bone scintigrams. Diffusely increased renal parenchymal activity has been associated with cytotoxic and other drug therapy, radiation nephritis, iron overload and cirrhosis. A further association- with hypercalcaemia--is reported here. In a retrospective study, 1950 bone scintigrams were reviewed and a significant relationship between high renal activity and hypercalcaemia was found. This was subsequently confirmed by a small prospective study. None of the patients whose bone scintigrams showed this association had evidence of nephrocalcinosis on X rays. It is postulated that in these hypercalcaemic patients there may be high tissue calcium in the kidneys which results in the high uptake of MDP, and it is suggested that serum calcium be measured in patients with previously unsuspected hypercalcaemia whose bone scintigrams exhibit the finding of high parenchymal renal activity. PMID- 6228282 TI - Studies on the prevalence and epidemiology of urinary stone disease in men in Leeds. AB - A postal survey among 2% of men in Leeds showed that the prevalence of urinary stone disease is 3.8%. The prevalence of upper urinary tract and spontaneously passed stones increases progressively from 0.7% in social class 5 to 5.0% in social class 1 but that of bladder stones (0.7% in the group as a whole) is independent of social class. There is an initial peak of upper urinary tract and spontaneously passed stones commencing at age 20 and having a projected prevalence at age 90 of 5.7% and a second peak of bladder stones, commencing about age 50, with a projected prevalence of 1.9%. The prevalence of stone disease increases according to the order: single less than divorced/separated less than married less than widowed men. A family history of stones tends to be higher amongst relatives of stone-formers than amongst the corresponding relatives of control subjects, the male/female ratio being 2:1. The occurrence of urinary stones is significantly associated with that of gallstones, high blood pressure, backache, arthritis and gout but not with that of peptic ulcer, diabetes, thyroid disease or bronchitis. PMID- 6228283 TI - Prostatic cancer: treatment with long-acting LHRH analogue. AB - Fifteen patients with advanced carcinoma of the prostate were treated with a luteinising hormone releasing hormone agonist ICI 118 630. Three of 5 patients who had failed conventional hormone therapy have had a marked alleviation of bone pain, though no objective evidence of disease regression. Nine of 10 patients previously untreated have shown objective evidence of disease response. This drug appears to have advantages over conventional hormone therapy. PMID- 6228284 TI - Deep vein thrombosis detection by 99mTc-plasmin test and phlebography. AB - During a 2-year period the diagnostic value of 99mTc-labelled-plasmin test was evaluated in 63 patients admitted with clinical signs of deep vein thrombosis (DVT). In comparison with a conventional phlebography the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of the plasmin test was 0.97 and 0.55, respectively. The predictive value in positive cases was 0.79 and in negative 0.92. The sensitivity was highest for thrombosis in the calf and popliteal regions, while the specificity was higher for thrombosis in the femoral veins. It is concluded that the 99mTc-labelled-plasmin test is suitable for DVT-screening in groups of high risk patients and is simple and rapid. In positive cases the DVT diagnosis must be verified by phlebography. PMID- 6228285 TI - Aviation medicine? PMID- 6228286 TI - Catecholamines and cholinergic enzymes in pre-senile and senile Alzheimer-type dementia and Down's syndrome. AB - Noradrenaline, dopamine, homovanillic acid (HVA), choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) levels were measured in post-mortem brains from 8 cases of pre-senile Alzheimer-type dementia (ATD), 5 cases of senile ATD, 4 cases of Down's syndrome aged 53-57 years, one 27-year-old case of Down's syndrome and 13 controls. In the controls, the concentration of noradrenaline in hypothalamus (P less than 0.05) and mamillary body (P less than 0.02) decreased with age. Compared with age-matched controls, noradrenaline levels in these areas were more markedly reduced in pre-senile ATD (P less than 0.01), the 53-57-year old cases of Down's syndrome (P less than 0.001) and in the 27-year-old Down's, than in senile ATD (hypothalamus P less than 0.05, mamillary body, n.s.). Dopamine and HVA concentrations in caudate nucleus were unaltered in pre-senile or senile ATD but dopamine was decreased (P less than 0.01) in the older cases, although not in the 27-year-old case, of Down's syndrome. In the olfactory tubercle in ATD the level of HVA was unaltered but the activity of ChAT was decreased (P less than 0.01). ChAT activity was reduced in pre-senile ATD (P less than 0.001), the older Down's cases (P less than 0.01) but not the young Down's case, and senile ATD (P less than 0.001) in the temporal cortex and in pre-senile ATD (P less than 0.001) and the older Down's cases (P less than 0.001) but not senile ATD in the caudate nucleus.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6228287 TI - Arguments in favour of endocytosis of glycoprotein components of the membranes of parallel fibers by Purkinje cells during the development of the rat cerebellum. AB - Chloroquine (a drug known to induce a dysfunction of lysosomes) was used to study the behavior of Concanavalin A binding glycoproteins located on the axolemma of parallel fibers in young rat cerebella, and abundant on these membranes at a period preceding synaptogenesis with the dendrites of Purkinje cells. Chloroquine induces in Purkinje cells a large accumulation of grains consisting of membrane whorls in lysosomes. These grains stain for Concanavalin A, and do not stain either for a mitochondrial marker (aspartate aminotransferase mitochondrial isoenzyme) or for a marker of the Purkinje cell internal membrane (PSG). It is suggested that the material accumulating in the Purkinje cells under the effect of chloroquine comes from the parallel fibers. Together with the observation that alpha-D-mannosidase (involved in the degradation of these glycoproteins) is exclusively located inside Purkinje cells, these results provide a firm indication that this material enters the Purkinje cells through pinocytosis. The absence of ATPase activity (ATPase is a glycoprotein plasma membrane marker highly concentrated on parallel fibers) within these grains suggested that not all the components of these membranes are pinocytosed, but that the process is specific for certain molecules. These results are compatible with the ultrastructural observations of others, and support the arguments in favour of the pinocytosis phenomenon being one of the first steps of synapse formation. The observed specificity of pinocytosis for certain molecules suggests that a receptor-mediated recognition of some glycans of glycoproteins is the preliminary event in the establishment of synapses. PMID- 6228288 TI - Rationale and procedure for applying pit and fissure sealants. PMID- 6228289 TI - Correlation of computed tomography with surgical diagnosis in lumbar disc disease. AB - The lumbar spines of one hundred patients with suspected lumbar disc herniations were analysed with computed tomography. The results are compared with the patients' surgical diagnosis and with myelography. CT scanning is with few exceptions the diagnostic procedure of choice in investigating lumbar disc disease. PMID- 6228290 TI - Cauda equina paraganglioma. AB - Two paragangliomas resected from the cauda equina had similar morphology, both containing cells having dense core secretory granules with no associated sustentacular or supporting cells. The cells were arranged in characteristic lobules that were surrounded by basement membrane and separated by a fibrovascular stroma. This tumor, although rarely found elsewhere in the central nervous system, does occur in the region of the filum terminale, and causes a clinical syndrome typical of tumors in that area. PMID- 6228291 TI - Update on ectopic pregnancy. AB - Ectopic pregnancy is the leading cause of maternal death in the first trimester. Its incidence is increasing, probably owing to the increasing incidence of pelvic inflammatory disease. Although up to 15% of patients have been reported to present in shock, a large number seek care earlier because of pelvic pain and irregular menses. With strong clinical suspicion and the use of culdocentesis, assays of the beta subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin in the blood and ultrasonography, the diagnosis can be made before rupture occurs. Although the woman's subsequent fertility has traditionally been poor, some improvement has been achieved with the use of conservative surgical techniques. Early diagnosis facilitates this approach. PMID- 6228292 TI - Negative and positive immunobiological responses in mice pretreated with Bacillus Calmette-Guerin cell wall. AB - Spleen cells from C57BL/6 mice injected i.p. with Bacillus Calmette-Guerin cell walls (BCGcw) showed strongly depressed response to the T-cell mitogen phytohemagglutinin-P in vitro. Mitogen reactivity of normal spleen cells could be suppressed by the addition of spleen cells from BCGcw-treated mice. The suppressor cells mediating this effect appeared to belong to the plastic adherent, radioresistant, and non-T-cell populations, maybe macrophages. Spleen cells from mice which had been passively transferred i.p. with the adherent cells from BCGcw-treated mice also showed the depressed mitogen response in vitro. Depressed T-cell reactivity of spleen cells obtained from animals immunized with BCGcw on a per-cell basis was also demonstrated in vivo: graft versus host reactivity of spleen cells obtained from animals immunized with BCGcw was depressed as compared to normal spleen cells. At times when strong suppressor cell activity could be detected in BCGcw-treated mice, activity of alloimmune cytotoxic lymphocytes generated in vivo by immunizing with X-irradiated allogeneic MH-134 tumor cells was weaker in BCGcw-pretreated mice than in untreated control groups (detected by means of 51Cr release assay). Furthermore, accelerated development of s.c. inoculated syngeneic B-16 melanoma cells was observed in BCGcw-pretreated mice. On the other hand, stronger resistance to i.v. inoculated B-16 tumor cells was observed in BCGcw-pretreated mice. BCGcw-treated mice responded normally to i.p. immunization with 2 X 10(8) sheep erythrocytes. Negative and positive immunobiological responses were observed in C57BL/6 mice pretreated with BCGcw. PMID- 6228293 TI - Synergistic effect between neutrophils and Corynebacterium parvum in the process of macrophage activation. AB - Adoptive transfer of granulocytes exposed to Corynebacterium parvum in vivo or in vitro efficiently activates murine peritoneal macrophages in vivo. A comparison of the amount of bacteria required to produce similar levels of cytolytic activity indicated that 2 X 10(7) intracellular (neutrophil) bacteria were as efficient as 1 X 10(10) bacteria introduced directly. The time courses of macrophage cytotoxicity induced by these two methods were found comparable. Similar levels of activity were also observed in tumor cytostasis and inhibition of phytohemagglutinin-induced mitogenesis assays. However, when spleen size or cell division in the spleen or bone marrow was assessed, differences were found. Direct C. parvum injection caused marked splenomegaly. The proliferative fraction of cells in the spleen and bone marrow was significantly increased over both control and C. parvum-induced neutrophil groups. These results further document the nature and efficiency of the interaction between neutrophils and bacteria in macrophage activity. The findings are significant in that they demonstrate a novel way to activate macrophages in vivo without causing the potentially harmful side effects which result from direct injection of the biological response modifier. PMID- 6228294 TI - Pharmacokinetics of Ip cisplatin in refractory ovarian carcinoma. AB - Four patients with small residual ovarian carcinoma following treatment with cisplatin, doxorubicin, and cyclophosphamide have subsequently received 57 courses of ip cisplatin. Cisplatin (120-270 mg in 2 L of Ringer's lactate) was administered via Tenckhoff catheter, with a dwell time of 15-20 mins. Courses were given weekly for 12 weeks, with response documented by laparoscopy or laparotomy prior to and following the trial. With a dwell time of 20 mins, 75% +/ 5% (mean +/- SD) of platinum was recovered. With 120 mg of cisplatin and a dwell time of 20 mins, total plasma platinum peaked at 1.23 +/- 0.42 microgram/ml and by 8 hrs decreased to 0.67 +/- 0.12 microgram/ml. Filterable (non-protein-bound) platinum peaked at 0.73 +/- 0.21 microgram/ml and by 8 hrs fell to 0.03 microgram/ml. Excretion rate paralleled the filterable plasma curve, peaking at 40 mins; 30% +/- 7% of absorbed drug was recovered in urine within 24 hrs. Renal clearance of filterable platinum was 106 +/- 20 ml/min. Creatinine clearance was 76 +/- 7 ml/min. Three responses, one complete and two partial, were noted. Zero to two episodes of vomiting occurred in each course. One patient had a creatinine clearance decrease to 40 ml/min, one had two episodes of thrombocytopenia, and one had mild abdominal pain with a cisplatin dose of greater than or equal to 210 mg. No neurotoxicity, catheter infection, or peritonitis was encountered. PMID- 6228295 TI - Renal digital subtraction angiography. AB - Digital subtraction angiography (DSA), a new computer-assisted radiographic procedure, has recently been applied to the evaluation of the kidney and in the screening of patients with renal vascular hypertension. The efficacy of the method in the evaluation of the anatomy of proximal renal arteries is in the 80 90% range; however, DSA is less effective in the evaluation of renal mass lesion. In the present state of DSA development, the method has a place in screening for renal artery stenosis (RAS). Further development, particularly improvement in spatial resolution, will be necessary before this procedure can substitute for renal angiography, in the evaluation of renal masses or in some cases of RAS. PMID- 6228296 TI - The utility of digital subtraction arteriography in peripheral vascular disease. AB - Digital subtraction angiography (DSA), whether used in conjunction with intravenous or intraarterial injection techniques, has an established role in evaluation of peripheral vascular disease. Use of DSA can reduce the time, cost, and patient discomfort of the standard arteriographic study. While it is limited by field size and patient cooperation in some instances, the utility of noninvasive imaging using intravenous DSA and the added anatomic detail of intraarterial DSA for roadmapping and delineation of small distal vessels provide the basis for future integration of standard arteriographic and DSA methods in assessment of peripheral vascular disease. PMID- 6228297 TI - Ischaemia-induced changes in canine cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum. AB - Effects of myocardial ischaemia on sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) of dog hearts were investigated. Regional ischaemia was produced by occlusion of the left circumflex artery, and a microsomal fraction enriched in vesicles of SR was isolated from subendocardium (Endo) and subepicardium (Epi) of control and ischaemic areas of the heart. No significant changes occurred in ischaemic Epi. A loss of in vitro activities (ie calcium transport and ATPase) was found for SR from ischaemic Endo which paralleled the changes in the histology of the tissue. At 5 min of coronary occlusion, Ca2+ binding and Ca2+-ATPase activities of SR from ischaemic Endo were normal. A decrease in the activities of SR was first evident at 15 min after the occlusion, decreased further at about 30 min and remained at that level at 60 min of ischaemia. The maximal rate of Ca2+ uptake did not parallel the Ca2+-binding and Ca2+-ATPase activities. The degree of cAMP-dependent phosphorylation by endogenous and exogenous protein kinase was not different between SR from control and ischaemic areas. A participatory role of SR in the ischaemic impairment of left ventricular systolic and diastolic performance is discussed. PMID- 6228298 TI - Succinic-D and myofibrillar ATP-A in the denervated gastrocnemius muscle of young, adult and middle-aged albino rats (Rattus norvegicus): a correlative histochemical and biochemical study. PMID- 6228299 TI - [Spontaneous suppressive lymphocytes in patients with glomerulonephritis]. PMID- 6228300 TI - Bacteria-derived human leukocyte interferons alter in vitro humoral and cellular immune responses. AB - Cultures of gradient-purified human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) have been employed to examine the effects of three bacteria-derived human leukocyte interferon subtypes on certain aspects of in vitro immune responses. The addition of highly purified IFN-alpha 1, -alpha 2, -alpha 2/alpha 1 to PMBC cultures stimulated with phytohemagglutinin (PHA) or pokeweed mitogen resulted in a significant suppression of the mitogenic response. This suppression required the presence of interferon in the cultures because pretreatment of cells and removal of interferon had no effect on their response to PHA. The presence of these interferons at 200 U/ml also caused a substantial reduction of human mixed lymphocyte reactions (MLR) as measured by [3H]thymidine incorporation by responder cells. Interestingly, pretreatment of stimulator cells was sufficient for this reduction to occur whereas pretreatment of responder cells had no effect on their ability to respond to allogenic stimulation. In contrast to these suppressive effects, the three interferons enhanced human in vitro primary immune response to sheep red blood cells (SRBC). These data demonstrate that both purified interferon subtypes and genetic hybrids of human interferons produced by recombinant DNA technology have effects on in vitro immune responses. PMID- 6228301 TI - Surface receptors and immune activity of purified human circulating mononuclear cells. IV. The demonstration of seven subclasses of T cells in the circulation of the normal individual: the cytotoxic activities of these cells. AB - T lymphocytes were isolated from monocyte-depleted mononuclear cells of normal individuals by rosetting them with sheep erythrocytes. These purified T cells were preferentially depleted of cells with receptors for FcG (TG cells), FcM (TM cells), or C'3 (TC cells) by rosette formation with EA(G), EA(M), and EAC, respectively, before or after incubation for 24 hr in medium 199 fortified with fetal calf serum (20%). The unfractionated lymphocytes and the purified and the depleted T cells were analyzed for receptors to FcG, FcM, and C'3 and for cytotoxic activity in the natural killer (NK), antibody dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC), and mitogen-induced cell-mediated cytotoxicity (MICC) assays. The TG and TC cells were detected among the freshly isolated T cells, whereas the TM cells were detected only following 24 hr of incubation. Removal of TC cells from the 24-hr-cultured T cells resulted in removal of all the TC cells and in the concomitant removal of the majority of TM cells. Similarly, removal of TM cells from the 24-hr-cultured T cells resulted in the elimination of all TM cells as well as the majority of TC cells. These results demonstrate the in vitro generation of T cells with receptors for both FcM and C'3 (TM+C cells). Ten percent of the freshly isolated TG cells possessed detectable receptors for C'3 and/or FcM. These cells constitute the TG+C and TG+M lymphocytes. Support for consideration of these receptor-bearing cells as unique and stable cells is provided by the finding that TM and TC cells maintained in culture for up to 72 hr do not generate other receptors but retain the single receptor which characterizes each of these cells. Only a small percentage of cultured TG cells generate receptors for C'3 and FcM. It may therefore be concluded that the TG, TM, and TC cells are stable unireceptor-bearing cells. The TG, TM, TC, TG+C, TG+M, and TM+C lymphocytes account for approximately 50% of the circulating lymphocytes. Whether the remaining cells, the T null or TN cells, constitute the precursors for any or all of the receptor-bearing T cells remains to be determined. Unfractionated freshly isolated T cells were highly cytotoxic in the NK and PWM-mediated MICC assays but were relatively inactive in the ADCC, naturally occurring cell-mediated cytotoxicity (NOCC), and PHA- and Con-A mediated MICC assays.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6228302 TI - [New antigenic assessment of Neisseria meningitidis--non-capsular antigens (serotypes). II. Incidence of serotypes in strains of N. meningitidis isolated in Czechoslovakia 1975-1981 from patients with meningitis]. PMID- 6228303 TI - [Experience in the detection of early antibodies of the IgM class in tick-borne encephalitis]. PMID- 6228304 TI - [Survey of phage types of Salmonella typhi isolated in Slovakia 1962-1981]. PMID- 6228305 TI - [Methodology requirements for the study of phagocytosis]. PMID- 6228306 TI - [Economic costs and losses in anti-rabies prevention]. PMID- 6228307 TI - [Hemagglutination-inhibition antibodies against the Tahyna virus in patients in South Moravia]. PMID- 6228308 TI - [Mechanisms of the contamination of foods with viruses and factors influencing their activity]. PMID- 6228310 TI - [Patient care after percutaneous transluminal angioplasty in the treatment of renal vascular hypertension]. PMID- 6228309 TI - Back injuries in dancers. AB - Back injuries may occur at any age or level of skill and are slightly more prevalent in male dancers. The risk factors that may be involved in a given injury include training errors, musculotendinous imbalance, anatomic malalignment of the lower extremity, shoe wear, and floor surface. Assessment of these risk factors provides guides for management and prevention. PMID- 6228311 TI - [Vectors of a cloning system for Bacillus subtilis. II. Reconstruction of hybrid plasmids, pHE1-a and pHE1-b]. PMID- 6228313 TI - [Monoclonal antibodies specific to dengue virus type-4]. PMID- 6228312 TI - [Production of monoclonal antibodies against Japanese B encephalitis by a mouse hybridoma technic]. PMID- 6228314 TI - [Effects of gossypol on rat testicular mitochondria]. PMID- 6228315 TI - [Effects of gossypol on lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme-X in human spermatozoa]. PMID- 6228316 TI - [Reversibility of azoospermia following gossypol withdrawal]. PMID- 6228318 TI - [Effect of aspirin and dipyridamole on platelet functions in Macaca fascicularis]. PMID- 6228317 TI - [Effect of renal hemodynamics, aldosterone and other factors on ascites formation in schistosomiasis]. PMID- 6228319 TI - [Case of histidinemia]. PMID- 6228320 TI - [Sister chromatid exchanges in 15 patients with Down's syndrome]. PMID- 6228321 TI - [Roentgenographic feature of bones in renal tubular acidosis]. PMID- 6228322 TI - [Noradrenaline level in the CSF and plasma of patients with acute cerebral vascular diseases]. PMID- 6228323 TI - [Evaluation on cellular immunity in patients with gynecological tumors by lymphoblast transformation test]. PMID- 6228324 TI - [Biosynthesis of lysergic acid alpha-hydroxyethylamide. I. Natural selection of Claviceps paspali Stev and Hall]. PMID- 6228325 TI - [High performance liquid chromatographic analysis of gossypol]. PMID- 6228326 TI - [Convenient method for purification of Japanese encephalitis virus genome-sized RNA]. PMID- 6228327 TI - [Purification of Japanese encephalitis virus infectious RNA from infected mouse brain and its translation in a cell-free system]. PMID- 6228328 TI - [Identification of cortex mori of Zhejiang Province and its adulterants]. PMID- 6228329 TI - [A survey on medicinal animals of Hebei Province]. PMID- 6228330 TI - [The processing of Atractylodes macrocephala by stir-frying with wheat bran]. PMID- 6228331 TI - [Studies on decoction prepared by conventional and thermoflask method]. PMID- 6228332 TI - [Isolation of amino acids from silkworm pupae]. PMID- 6228333 TI - [Organogenesis and propagation of Gentiana scabra]. PMID- 6228334 TI - [Chemical constituents of the volatile oil from Acorus tatarinowii]. PMID- 6228335 TI - [Studies on immunological actions of Cordyceps sinensis. I. Effect on cellular immunity]. PMID- 6228336 TI - [Effect of acid mucopolysaccharide extracted from Stichopus japonicus selenka on hemostatic function]. PMID- 6228337 TI - [Preparation of Chinese traditional drugs in small pieces]. PMID- 6228338 TI - [Multi-layer analysis of the constituents of prescriptions---the orthogonal test at different level]. PMID- 6228339 TI - [Submerged culture of the fungus Beauveria bassiana]. PMID- 6228340 TI - [Histological studies on Euchresta tubulosa root]. PMID- 6228341 TI - Inhibition of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-induced colon tumorigenesis in Balb/c mice by dehydroepiandrosterone. AB - Long-term administration of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) to Balb/c mice significantly inhibits the rate of appearance of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) induced macroscopic colon and anal tumors and microscopic precursor and malignant lesions. The steroid, which has previously been shown to inhibit spontaneous breast cancer and chemically induced lung tumors in mice, may find application as a chemopreventive in individuals at high risk for developing colon cancer. PMID- 6228342 TI - Abnormalities in myocardial perfusion during tachycardia in dogs with left ventricular hypertrophy: metabolic evidence for myocardial ischemia. AB - This study tested the hypothesis that in the chronically hypertrophied left ventricle pacing stress may cause abnormalities of perfusion that result in myocardial ischemia. Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) was produced by banding the ascending aorta of 10 dogs at 6 weeks of age, and studies were carried out after the animals had reached adulthood and when mean left ventricular/body weight ratio was 74% greater than in eight control dogs. Myocardial blood flow was measured with microspheres during pacing at 100, 200, and 250 beats/min, while aortic and coronary sinus blood samples were obtained for determination of concentrations of lactate and the adenosine metabolites inosine and hypoxanthine. In the control dogs, increasing heart rates were associated with an increase in mean myocardial blood flow while subendocardial flow was maintained at a level equal to or greater than subepicardial flow. Myocardial lactate uptake ranged from +60% to -5%, and adenosine metabolites were not detected in coronary sinus blood (less than 0.5 microM/l). In four dogs that underwent aortic banding no production of lactate or adenosine metabolites was observed at any heart rate; in these animals subendocardial flow was maintained at a level equal to or greater than subepicardial flow at all pacing rates. The remaining six dogs with LVH demonstrated net lactate production significantly greater than control during pacing at 250 beats/min; five of these six animals also produced adenosine metabolites.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6228343 TI - Dolichyl phosphate-mannosyltransferase and dolichyl phosphate-N acetylglucosaminyltransferase activities in liver preparations from normal controls and patients with cystic fibrosis and diabetes mellitus. AB - Optimal assay conditions have been determined in human liver preparations for the catalytic transfer of mannose and N-acetylglucosamine from GDP-mannose and UDP-N acetylglucosamine, respectively, to dolichyl phosphate. Both enzymatic reactions have an absolute requirement for divalent cation (5 mmol/l Mn2+ optimal), detergent (Triton X-100 or Nonidet P-40) and dolichyl phosphate (as acceptor substrate) and both reactions have optimal activity at a pH value of 7.8. Preliminary characterization of the glycolipid products for both enzymatic reactions indicates that phosphorylated dolichol is the major acceptor substrate for radiolabeled mannose and N-acetylglucosamine. The activity levels and specific activities of dolichyl phosphate-mannosyltransferase are comparable in liver homogenates from normal controls and patients with cystic fibrosis and diabetes mellitus. The activity levels and specific activities of dolichyl phosphate-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase are comparable in liver homogenates from normal controls and patients with cystic fibrosis and diabetes mellitus but considerably lower than the activity levels of dolichyl phosphate mannosyltransferase. It appears that two of the initial steps of the lipid mediated glycosylation pathway are normal in livers from patients with cystic fibrosis and diabetes mellitus. PMID- 6228344 TI - Assay of the GM2-ganglioside cleaving hexosaminidase activity of skin fibroblasts for GM2-gangliosidoses. PMID- 6228345 TI - The determination of lipoprotein Lp(a) by rate and endpoint nephelometry. AB - Rate nephelometry is a fast and convenient method for Lp(a) quantification. The linearity in the range of the physiological serum concentrations is good and there is good correlation with other immunochemical methods. The antibody consumption is some 50% higher when compared to the Laurell procedure if light scatter is measured in the RU mode. Measurements in the SU mode on the other hand consume less antibody than the Laurell procedure. The endpoint method, however, is more time-consuming and considered to be less accurate. In addition, only clear samples should be used. Lipemic sera should be cleared by lipase treatment or by high speed centrifugation. The treatment of samples with detergents causes a pronounced reduction of the immunochemical response and thus should be avoided. PMID- 6228346 TI - Ipratropium treatment for rhinorrhoea in patients with perennial rhinitis. An open follow-up study of efficacy and safety. AB - The efficacy and safety of intranasal ipratropium therapy for rhinorrhoea were tested in an open follow-up study of 20 adult patients with perennial rhinitis. The reduction of nasal hypersecretion of 40-45% obtained with 80 micrograms four times daily in a placebo-controlled study, was maintained over the next 4 weeks although the mean daily dose was reduced to 180 micrograms. The spray treatment was well tolerated and rhinoscopy, measurements of the sense of smell and the secretory responsiveness of the nose before and 10-48 months after the start of the trial did not reveal any signs of serious local adverse effects. It is concluded that ipratropium nasal spray is effective in the treatment of rhinorrhoea and appears to be safe for long-term use. PMID- 6228347 TI - Ipratropium (Atrovent) in the treatment of vasomotor rhinitis of elderly patients. AB - Ipratropium is a parasympatholytic agent with high topical activity. The effect of intranasal ipratropium was studied in 34 patients who were over 60 years of age and who suffered from chronic watery vasomotor rhinorrhoea. The study was a double-blind cross-over placebo controlled trial. Trial parameters were: daily nasal symptom and side effect scores, nasal methacholine testing before and after treatment, and clinical evaluation. The active drug clearly reduced nasal discharge. Nasal methacholine testing showed reduction of nasal secretion after the active treatment period. The majority of the patients preferred the active drug to the placebo. Excessive drying of the nasal mucosa was the most common side effect. Ipratropium seems to have a beneficial effect on vasomotor rhinitis, which often is an irritating condition in elderly patients. PMID- 6228349 TI - Suppressor cell activity and phenotypes in the blood or tissues of patients with leprosy. AB - Suppressor cell activity has been demonstrated in the peripheral blood of patients with leprosy. Cells bearing the suppressor/cytotoxic phenotype have been enumerated in both peripheral blood and tissues, and microanatomical differences in tissue distribution have been observed. This first generation of studies has been characterized by considerable disagreement, a not unusual circumstance in the study of leprosy. In the case of blood suppressor cell activity, there appears to be no doubt as to its existence, but much uncertainty regarding its distribution. Concerning peripheral blood phenotypic suppressor cells, the observed differences in lepromatous and ENL patients may well reflect differences in methods used. Concerning phenotypic suppressor cells in tissue, there is no agreement as to their numbers or microanatomical distribution across the spectrum of leprosy or in its reaction states. Although these observational differences make firm conclusions impossible, this first generation of studies has provided new ways of considering old problems. For example, lepromin unresponsiveness might be a consequence of active cellular suppression. Differences in the numbers (or percentages) of the suppressor phenotype in blood or tissues of lepromatous patients with or without ENL reopens the door to the possibility of cell-mediated immune mechanisms in the pathogenesis of ENL. The identification of defective suppressor cells as important in the pathogenesis of hypergammaglobulinaemia is of interest in and of itself, but also gives rise to the possibility that other kinds of phenomena may be a consequence of defective or effete suppressor mechanisms. The observation of microanatomical differences in the distribution of the suppressor phenotype in tuberculoid and lepromatous leprosy indicates that effective or ineffective immunity might be a sequela of particular interactions between the suppressor/cytotoxic and helper/inducer phenotypes, and that these interactions merit further study. These new perspectives may be subject to experimental testing by the next generation of studies, which will surely include the techniques of clonal expansion and limiting dilution, as well as the study of interleukins 1 and 2. PMID- 6228348 TI - Early events in the host-parasite relationship and immune response in clinical leprosy: its possible importance for leprosy control. PMID- 6228350 TI - Monoclonal antibodies to human leucocyte antigens in polymyositis and muscular dystrophy. AB - Biopsy specimens from patients with treated or untreated polymyositis and muscular dystrophy controls were examined by indirect immunoperoxidase staining with a panel of monoclonal antibodies to human leucocyte antigens. In untreated polymyositis, helper/inducer T cells were the predominant T cell subset. In treated cases few T cells were seen. Overall, few T cells were seen in dystrophic cases, most infiltrating cells being dendritic and lacking T cell antigens. Staining of sarcolemma with anti-HLA class 1 antibody is weak or negative except in areas adjacent to infiltrating leucocytes or where muscle fibre damage is apparent. PMID- 6228351 TI - Increased incidence of transient homogeneous immunoglobulins in irradiated and reconstituted C57BL/KaLwRij mice treated with 2'-deoxyguanosine. AB - Prolonged administration of micromolar amounts of 2'-deoxyguanosine (dGuo) to lethally irradiated and reconstituted mice led to an increased incidence of transient homogeneous immunoglobulins (H-Ig) in their sera. Analysis of the heavy and light chain isotype distribution among the H-Ig revealed more of the IgG2b and IgG3 isotypes and less of the IgM isotype and the lambda light chain containing H-Ig in the dGuo-treated group as compared to the control group. The increased incidence of H-Ig was preceded by a decreased suppressor T cell generation and activation in the dGuo treated group. These data indicate that deficient suppressor T cell activity plays an important role in the development of transient H-Ig. PMID- 6228352 TI - T cell subsets in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: reduction of cells with Leu 2A phenotype in patients with serum IgG immunocomplexes. AB - The distribution of T cell subsets in the peripheral blood lymphocytes of 50 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and 28 controls was evaluated using the monoclonal anti-human T cell antibodies, alpha-Leu 1, alpha-Leu 2a and alpha-Leu 3a. A reduced number of cells with Leu 2a phenotype was observed in the group of patients with active RA. When patients were classified according to both disease activity and the presence of IgG or IgM immunocomplexes, a good correlation was observed between reduced Leu 2a+ numbers and the presence of IgG immunocomplexes. Patients without serum IC had normal numbers of Leu 2a T cells, independently of the activity of the disease. The significance of these results to the understanding of the aetiopathogenesis of RA is discussed. PMID- 6228353 TI - Immunological studies in a familial IgA nephropathy. AB - The hypothesis that abnormalities of immune function might occur in healthy first degree relatives of two patients with a familial IgA nephropathy was tested. After 7 days of culture, pokeweed mitogen stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells from the two affected members with IgA nephropathy (father and older son), as well as two other healthy sons, produced significantly more polymeric IgA than the controls. The fact that only the two patients with IgA nephropathy presented high serum levels of polymeric IgA favours the idea that a defect in the clearance of this immunoglobulin might be an important step in the appearance of this nephropathy. All the healthy members of the family had a normal OKT4+/OKT8+ cell ratio and a normal concanavalin A generated IgA suppressor cell function in contrast with the abnormalities observed in the two affected members and the previous results in a large number of patients with IgA nephropathy. These data suggest that the primary cellular abnormality might reside in B cells, being the T cell alterations observed in patients a secondary or subsequent phenomenon. These results further support the existence of genetic bases for the susceptibility to this disease. PMID- 6228354 TI - Immunological studies of autoimmune thyroid disorders: abnormalities in the inducer T cell subset and proliferative responses to autologous and allogeneic stimulation. AB - Various immunological parameters were investigated in patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) and Graves' disease (GD). The total T cell numbers were significantly decreased in both diseases whether they were enumerated by E rosetting or by pan-T cell monoclonal antibodies (OKT3 and anti-Leu 1). This diminution was due to a loss in the inducer T cell subset (OKT4+/Leu 3a+) whereas the cytotoxic/suppressor T cells (OKT8+/Leu 2a+) were present at normal levels in both diseases. The B cells were significantly higher in GD patients than in controls but were not modified in HT patients. Monocyte percentages remained unchanged and DR+ cells were slightly increased in the two diseases. On the other hand, T lymphocyte responses to stimulation by autologous or allogeneic cells were significantly impaired in GD but not in HT whether cultures were performed in autologous plasma or AB serum. In addition, lymphocytes from normal subjects were unable to proliferate in auto- or allo-MLR in the presence of plasma from GD patients but they were reactive in the presence of HT plasma or AB serum. Taken together, these results suggest that the patients with autoimmune thyroid disorders exhibit a T cell imbalance within the OKT4+/Leu 3a+ subset. Moreover, this abnormality is correlated with the observation that autoreactive and alloreactive cells are defective in GD. PMID- 6228355 TI - Colony formation by subpopulations of T lymphocytes. IV. Inhibitory effect of hydrocortisone on human and murine T cell subsets. AB - The sensitivity of human T lymphocyte colony formation to hydrocortisone (HCS) was studied in the presence and absence of an exogenous source of interleukin 2(IL-2). In the presence of IL-2, T colony formation by T inducer/helper (Th) cells was found to be 100-fold more resistant to the inhibitory effect of HCS in vitro than colony formation by T suppressor/cytotoxic (Tsc) cells, the IC50 values for HCS being 10(-4)M and 10(-6)M, respectively. In the absence of IL 2,Tsc cells do not form colonies and T cell colony formation by Th cells is inhibited 50% by less than 5 x 10(-8)M HCS. T lymphocyte colony formation by murine cortical thymocytes in vitro was inhibited by physiological concentrations of HCS in vitro, the IC50 value being 2 x 10(-8)M HCS. T cell colony formation by medullary thymocytes and peripheral lymphocytes was found to be 100-fold more resistant to HCS than control cells, the IC50 value being 2 x 10(-6)M HCS. PMID- 6228357 TI - Effects of cyclophosphamide on autoantibody synthesis in the Brown Norway rat. AB - The effects of cyclophosphamide on autoantibody synthesis were studied in an experimental model of glomerulonephritis due to autoantibodies to the glomerular basement membrane (GBM). Brown Norway rats develop anti-GBM antibodies, as part of a polyclonal response, when repeatedly injected with mercuric chloride (HgCl2). Anti-GBM antibody levels peak between days 11 and 14 and thereafter rapidly fall; convalescent animals show a time-dependent resistance to rechallenge with HgCl2 which remains significant for up to 3 months. The administration of cyclophosphamide, as a single intramuscular injection at day 0, has three distinct dose-dependent effects on anti-GBM antibody production. Firstly, lower doses (2.5 mg/kg) increase antibody levels at the time of peak response; secondly, higher doses (greater than or equal to 20 mg/kg) prevent antibody synthesis following HgCl2; and thirdly, the higher doses also reduce the response to rechallenge with HgCl2 3-4 months later. These effects of cyclophosphamide also apply to the polyclonal response to HgCl2, as judged by measurement of total IgG concentrations. Further investigation of the mechanisms of action of cyclophosphamide in this model should provide information relevant to the treatment of human autoimmune disease. PMID- 6228356 TI - Depression of the generation of cell-mediated cytotoxicity by suppressor cells after surgery. AB - The effects of surgical operation on the generation of cell-mediated cytotoxicity in mixed cell cultures were studied in patients with various carcinomas or benign lesions. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients were cultured with B lymphoblastoid cell line Raji in mixed culture, and the induced cytotoxicity was measured by 51Cr release assay. In 15 patients with various carcinomas, the capacity of cells to generate cytotoxic cells was significantly depressed 1, 3 and 6 days after surgery, as compared to that before surgery. It returned to the pre-operative level by the 8th post-operative day. In eight patients with benign lesions, significant decrease in cytotoxic cell activity was observed 3 and 6 days after operation. At the 8th day, however, there was a significant increase in the generated cytotoxicity. The depressed generation of cytotoxic cells 3 days after surgery could be abrogated by removal of adherent cells from the responding cell population. This effect could be partially reconstituted by addition of separated, autologous adherent cells back to the responding non-adherent cell culture. These results demonstrate that suppressor cells, presumably monocytes, may be responsible for the depressed generation of cytotoxic cells after surgery. PMID- 6228359 TI - Immune adherence and staphylococcus protein A binding of soluble immune complexes produced by complement activation. AB - Complement has been shown to affect the solubility of antigen-antibody complexes by two mechanisms: in the first, classical pathway dependent, complement inhibits the formation of the immune precipitate; in the second, alternative pathway dependent, complement reacts with a formed precipitate to bring about its solubilization. The biological properties of complement reacted immune complexes (IC) has been assessed by studying their binding to staphylococcus protein A (SPA) and to human erythrocytes. BSA-anti-BSA complement reacted IC bound to human erythrocytes and to SPA. Complexes generated by solubilization of immune precipitates showed greater immune adherence than complexes held in solution by complement, despite their similar size. Complexes held in solution in a factor D depleted human serum bound more efficiently to erythrocytes than complexes formed in normal serum. These experiments demonstrate that complement reacted IC cannot be regarded as biologically inert and that factors affecting complement function may have important effects on the properties of antigen-antibody complexes. PMID- 6228358 TI - Defective chemotactic factor-induced monocyte complement receptor enhancement in lung cancer. AB - We have studied monocyte complement (C3b) rosettes, and chemotactic factor (CF) induced enhancement of rosettes, in 37 patients with bronchial carcinoma (BC), and compared these findings to those obtained from nine age and sex matched patients with non-malignant respiratory disease (NMRD), and 38 normal healthy controls (HC). No differences in monocyte C3b rosettes were found when BC was compared with NMRD or HC. In contrast, there was a highly significant inhibition of CF-induced complement receptor enhancement (CRE) in monocytes from patients with extensive or metastatic BC compared to NMRD or HC. These differences increased with time of incubation and concentrations of CF, and occurred when either f-met-leu-phe, leukotriene B4 (LTB4) or casein were used as the enhancing agent. The defect in monocyte CRE was related to the stage of the disease (with the rank order, metastatic greater than confined to chest greater than localized tumour) but not to the pathohistological type. A similar impairment in CRE was observed when neutrophils from BC were compared to HC. These experiments suggest that, in patients with advanced bronchial carcinoma, monocyte and neutrophil C3b receptors have impaired responsiveness to chemotactic factors. PMID- 6228360 TI - B lymphocyte subpopulations and T-cell subsets in primary chronic glomerulonephritis. PMID- 6228361 TI - A satellite view of hypertension. PMID- 6228362 TI - Accumulation of a bone imaging agent in liver metastases from prostate carcinoma. AB - A patient with adenocarcinoma of the prostate presented with right upper quadrant abdominal pain and weight loss. Liver biopsy revealed hepatic metastases from prostate carcinoma. A bone scan demonstrated marked uptake of Tc-99m MDP within the hepatic metastases. PMID- 6228363 TI - Radionuclide blood pool imaging of calvarial hemangioma. AB - A patient with new onset seizures was found to have radiographic findings of a calvarial hemangioma. Because of the history, additional diagnostic tests were employed, which excluded cerebral lesions. Findings characteristic of hemangioma on blood pool imaging were felt to confirm the diagnosis. PMID- 6228364 TI - The usefulness of chest radiographs obtained after a demonstrated perfusion scan defect in the diagnosis of pulmonary emboli. AB - The chest radiographs obtained within seven days of scintigraphic lung studies in 38 patients clinically suspected of having a pulmonary embolus were reviewed. Twenty-two of these patients also had pulmonary angiograms. Lung densities in areas of perfusion defects not present at the time of the scan studies were sought. Densities were observed in ten patients. These appeared 4 hours to five days later (mean 1.8 days). This sequence of events strongly supports the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism. Chest radiographs are recommended one day and, if normal, again three days after an abnormal perfusion lung scan, even if the pulmonary angiogram is normal. The delayed appearance of these lung densities will eliminate some non-emboli causes and thereby strengthen the diagnosis of embolism. If such densities are seen following a "normal" angiogram, it should be critically reviewed. PMID- 6228365 TI - The "doughnut sign" on bone scintigraphy due to coccidioidomycosis. PMID- 6228366 TI - Skull defects due to Mayfield head stabilizer. PMID- 6228367 TI - Fetal and utero-placental blood flow. PMID- 6228368 TI - Pharmacokinetic study of zimelidine using a new GLC method. AB - A specific, sensitive, rapid and reproducible analytical method for zimelidine [3 (4-bromophenyl)-N,N-dimethyl-3(3-pyridyl)allylamine] and its biologically active demethylated metabolite, norzimelidine, in human plasma was developed using gas liquid chromatography (GLC) with loxapine as the internal standard. A good separation of zimelidine and norzimelidine was obtained following derivatisation of norzimelidine with heptafluorobutyric anhydride, the retention times being 6.16 and 10.35 minutes, respectively. The sensitivity of the method is 5 ng/ml for zimelidine and norzimelidine. Plasma concentrations of zimelidine and norzimelidine were determined in 10 healthy volunteers following the administration of a single oral dose of 100mg zimelidine. Zimelidine was rapidly absorbed, giving a mean peak plasma concentration of 103.9 +/- 34.8 ng/ml. The mean plasma elimination half-life was 8.4 +/- 2.0 hours for zimelidine and 19.4 +/- 3.6 hours for norzimelidine. After long term administration of zimelidine (100mg bid for the first week, 100mg tid for the second week and 100mg am and 200mg pm for the third and fourth weeks) to 2 depressed patients, plasma concentrations of norzimelidine were 2 to 4 times higher than those of zimelidine. PMID- 6228369 TI - Max Thorek: a surgeon for all seasons. AB - Max Thorek was a leader in the field of surgery during the first half of the twentieth century. His contributions to plastic surgery included both technical advances and the recognition of the psychological import of aesthetic surgery. His technique for reduction mammaplasty (free nipple graft) is still in use today, and his principles of abdominoplasty remain applicable to modern body contour surgery. PMID- 6228370 TI - Effect of adrenergic and vagal blockade on the normal human airway response to exercise. AB - Ten normal, non-asthmatic subjects performed an 18 min graduated exercise test on a static exercise bicycle on 3 separate days. They received either no medication, or propranolol 80 mg orally 2 h before, or ipratropium bromide 0.216 mg by inhalation 30 min before, the start of exercise. With no medication, transpulmonary index (TPI), a measure of airway resistance, fell linearly during exercise from a resting value of 0.269 +/- 0.024 to 0.170 +/- 0.014 kPa X 1(-1) X s by the end of exercise. This returned to baseline between 2 and 4 min after stopping exercise. Propranolol elevated baseline TPI slightly from 0.270 +/- 0.024 to 0.294 +/- 0.024 before exercise and during exercise this fell linearly to 0.185 +/- 0.016 kPa X 1(-1) X s. The fall in TPI during exercise after propranolol was not significantly different from the fall seen with no medication. Six minutes after exercise stopped TPI rose to 0.336 +/- 0.035 kPa X 1(-1) X s after propranolol. All values for TPI from 4 min to 16 min after exercise were significantly higher after propranolol than the corresponding values found after no medication (P less than 0.05). Ipratropium bromide decreased baseline TPI from 0.264 +/- 0.024 to 0.163 +/- 0.013 kPa X 1(-1) X s (P less than 0.001) and this did not change significantly further either during or after exercise. Normal subjects show considerable airway dilatation during exercise and this appears to result from inhibition of resting vagal tone. The sympathetic system does not appear to mediate the airway dilatation during exercise, but it may be important in protecting against post-exercise bronchoconstriction. PMID- 6228371 TI - Electrical stimulation at the wrist as an aid for the profoundly deaf. AB - The development and evaluation of a sensory electrical substitution aid for the profoundly deaf is described. The aid is a small wrist-worn device which converts sound into an electrical stimulus at the wrist. The initial aim was to give profoundly deaf people useful information from ambient sounds. Evaluation of the Mark 1 aid on 15 hearing and five profoundly deaf people indicated that such a device might be of use to some deaf people. Investigation of the sensitivity of the peripheral nervous system to electrical pulse stimulation showed that information could be transmitted in a more efficient manner so a Mark 2 aid was developed which incorporated circuitry to transmit pitch information, potentially useful in lipreading. The Mark 2 aid was shown to give improved results over the Mark 1 aid in transmitting voice intonation, but gave no help in an isolated word lipreading test. A portable Mark 2 aid was developed to enable clinical trials to be carried out on profoundly deaf people. PMID- 6228372 TI - Cefoxitin-associated exfoliative dermatitis. PMID- 6228373 TI - Circulating plasmin-antiplasmin complexes in acute leukaemia. AB - Thirty consecutive patients presenting with acute leukaemia were studied throughout their hospital course to determine if plasma-alpha 2 antiplasmin (P AP) complexes could be detected during episodes of increased fibrinolytic activity and to correlate this finding with other more conventional laboratory parameters. Increased fibrinolytic activity was a common finding, it was detected in 19 (63%) patients. This was usually present at diagnosis, but occasionally occurred later as a transient phenomenon. Increased fibrinolytic activity could not clearly be associated with either infection or chemotherapy. P-AP complexes were found in 11 (37%) patients and were almost always accompanied by additional laboratory evidence of increased fibrinolysis. These complexes were present in most instances at diagnosis and disappeared following successful chemotherapy. Forty-five per cent of patients with P-AP complexes had low alpha 2-antiplasmin levels and 36% had low plasminogen levels which returned to normal following successful chemotherapy. At diagnosis six of eight patients with P-AP complexes had major haemorrhagic manifestations. PMID- 6228374 TI - Acquired basophil and eosinophil deficiency in a patient with hypogammaglobulinaemia associated with thymoma. AB - A 55-year-old male with a history of recurrent bacterial and viral infection was found to have hypogammaglobulinaemia in association with a benign thymoma. The patient lacked eosinophils and was deficient in basophils in both the peripheral blood and bone marrow. The absence of eosinophils in a skin challenge known to recruit these cells, and below normal total peripheral blood leucocyte histamine content further suggests a deficiency of eosinophils and basophils respectively. Abnormal suppressor T cell function was documented both phenotypically, using OKT monoclonal antisera, and functionally in pokeweed mitogen stimulated cultures. This patient is the first reported with a deficiency of both eosinophils and basophils occurring in the presence of hypogammaglobulinaemia and thymoma; these abnormalities may be related to the abnormal suppressor T cell function that is present. PMID- 6228375 TI - Prostaglandins and the inflammatory response. AB - Prostaglandins not only mediate the classic signs of inflammation but also help to regulate the function of cellular constituents in an inflammatory reaction. Clinical and experimental evidence of the role of prostaglandins as mediators is highlighted. PMID- 6228376 TI - Phototoxic dermatitis caused by celery infected by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. AB - 11 men developed a severe phototoxic dermatitis of the hands and forearms after harvesting celery infected with Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. By thin-layer chromatography and fluorescence spectrophotometry, xanthotoxin, bergapten and sphondin were isolated. The Canadida albicans test demonstrated xanthotoxin and bergapten as the phototoxic compounds. PMID- 6228378 TI - Occupational photosensitivity to diaminodiphenylmethane. AB - A case is reported of occupational exposure to diaminodiphenylmethane leading to acute photosensitivity. Avoidance of sun exposure with cloth has allowed continued employment while preventing further recurrences. PMID- 6228377 TI - Different sensitising acrylic monomers in Napp printing plate. AB - 3 chemically pure fractions were isolated from Napp printing plate and subsequently identified by means of nuclear magnetic resonance, infrared spectrophotometry and elemental analysis. 1 of the fractions elicited positive test reactions in 3 Napp-allergic printers, and another fraction also elicited a positive test reaction in 1 of the printers. The 2 allergens were 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate and N,N'-methylene-bis-acrylamide. The 1st of the 2 allergens was also demonstrated in another printing plate, Nyloprint WD. PMID- 6228379 TI - Allergic contact dermatitis due to highly reactive halogenated compounds. AB - 10 cases of dermatitis in a fine organic chemicals plant are reported. These cases were all due to exposure to chemical compounds with reactive bromine or chlorine atoms. This type of chemical is always extremely irritant, but evidence is put forward to suggest that these cases were the result of allergic sensitization. Chemicals with reactive halogen atoms should always be handled with extreme care and patch testing should be approached with caution. PMID- 6228380 TI - Allergic contact dermatitis from 2-n-octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one, a paint mildewcide. AB - Severe allergic contact dermatitis from a paint mildewcide, 2-n-octyl-4 isothiazolin-3-one, developed in a worker formulating latex paints within a paint manufacturing company, Guinea pig maximization testing demonstrated this to be a moderate sensitizer. Further cases of allergic contact dermatitis may be encountered as the use of this biocide increases in the market place. PMID- 6228381 TI - Time considerations in scoring contact irritant patch test sites. PMID- 6228382 TI - Contact sensitivity to chlorquinaldol. PMID- 6228383 TI - Contact allergy to Hypalon rubber. PMID- 6228384 TI - Occupational dermatitis and absorption in a metal plater. PMID- 6228385 TI - Evaluation of the heart pump function by afterload intracardiac pressure and blood flow measurements in cats. AB - In experiments carried out on cats and by using a mathematical model the authors studied afterload characteristics of the left ventricle of normal and hypertrophied heart. They found that afterload characteristics, expressed by a relationship between left ventricular systolic pressure and the aortic blood flow rate, have both in a normal as well as in a hypertrophied heart a nearly linear character, do not depend on the elastic properties of the aorta, and can be described by two parameters: the force parameter--i.e. maximum pressure at zero flow (Pm), and the rate parameter--i.e. the maximum flow value at zero pressure (Qm). Afterload characteristics change at inotropic influences: positive inotropic effects shift the characteristics upward and rightward, negative inotropic action shifts them downward and leftward. In moderate hypertrophy, Pm and Qm increase, with the increase in Qm being greater. The parameters of afterload characteristics can be used as pump function indexes characterizing the heart's ability to cope with the load in the outflow tract. PMID- 6228386 TI - Hematoporphyrin derivative photoradiation induced damage to normal and tumor tissue of the pigmented rabbit eye. AB - Cytotoxicity induced by hematoporphyrin derivative (HpD) photoradiation in both normal and experimental tumor tissue of pigmented rabbit eyes has been examined. In addition, documentation of HpD induced fluorescence in ocular structures has also been obtained. Acute normal ocular tissue toxicity studies demonstrated that HpD (1-10 mg HpD/kg) followed 48 hours later by a transpupil irradiation of red light (635 nm, 36-90 J/cm2) resulted in demarcated areas of retinal damage. Long term (chronic) toxicity studies have shown that the initial damage to the retina was permanent but that no damage to the cornea, lens or vitreous could be observed during a 16 month follow-up. Visual and histological documentation have been obtained, following HpD photoradiation therapy (PRT), in rabbit eyes having heterotransplanted single nodule amelanotic melanomas. A toxic effect characterized by tumor blanching, edema and hemorrhage was observed within 24 hours of treatment. Histological examination obtained 24 hours following HpD PRT illustrated massive tumor tissue necrosis and vascular disruption. HpD PRT at clinically relevant doses was also shown to be effective in selectively curing the highly malignant amelanotic iris melanoma. It is concluded that HpD PRT may prove to be an effective modality for treating certain ocular tumors. PMID- 6228387 TI - Abdominal wound evisceration. PMID- 6228388 TI - Adverse reactions to topical clindamycin, erythromycin and tetracycline. PMID- 6228389 TI - Acute serum sickness. PMID- 6228390 TI - Photoradiation therapy in advanced carcinoma of the trachea and bronchus. AB - Photoradiation therapy is a new technique being investigated for the treatment of solid malignant tumors. In this study, 17 patients with advanced, recurrent, biopsy-proven malignant lesions of the trachea or main-stem bronchus were treated by photoradiation therapy. Patients received hematoporphyrin derivative intravenously three days prior to light therapy. The light was delivered from a fiberoptic fiber attached to the output beam of a dye laser (633 +/- 3 nm). The fiber was passed through the large channel of a bronchoscope (Olympus BF 2T). Of the 17 patients, two had no measurable response to the photoradiation therapy, six had partial necrosis of the tumor, seven patients had a greater than 50 percent reduction in the intraluminal volume of tumor, and two were lost to follow-up. Survival ranged from 5 to 210 days (median survival, 40 days). Complications of the treatment were significant in this group of advanced-stage patients and included excessive secretions, fever, pneumonia, and abscess formation. PMID- 6228391 TI - In vitro activity of norfloxacin against Neisseria gonorrhoeae. AB - Norfloxacin, an analogue of nalidixic acid, is a novel antibacterial compound active against both gram-negative and gram-positive pathogens. 142 Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates proved to be remarkably sensitive to it; the MIC50 and MIC90 values for norfloxacin were 0.03 microgram/ml and 0.06 microgram/ml, respectively, for the strains resistant to the penicillins; for the strains susceptible to the penicillins, the same value of 0.03 microgram/ml was found both for the MIC50 and MIC90. 100% of the strains were inhibited by 0.125 microgram/ml of the drug: this concentration is far below the serum levels (1.5 micrograms/ml) achievable following normal dosage. Clinical trials should be performed to establish whether the activity in vivo corresponds to that found in vitro. PMID- 6228392 TI - A grandparent's view. PMID- 6228393 TI - Facts about Down syndrome. PMID- 6228394 TI - A very special boy. PMID- 6228395 TI - Recent development in cardiology. PMID- 6228396 TI - Mixed porcine epidermal cell-human lymphocyte and porcine-human lymphocyte culture. Studies on intermingled transplantation of fresh porcine and human skin. PMID- 6228397 TI - [Coronary insufficiency and myocardial infarction--diagnosis and indication for conservative treatment]. PMID- 6228398 TI - [Unusual 1st manifestation of sigmoid diverticulitis as an abdominal wall phlegmon ("necrotizing fasciitis")]. PMID- 6228399 TI - [Preliminary evaluation of diagnostic accuracy of combination of contrast study and ultrasonography for gastrointestinal malignant tumors]. PMID- 6228400 TI - [Orbital venography]. PMID- 6228401 TI - [Lymphangiography of the thyroid in hyperthyroidism]. PMID- 6228402 TI - [Preliminary clinico-radiological study of saber-sheath trachea]. PMID- 6228404 TI - [Analysis of radiological appearances and causes for misdiagnosis of early esophageal carcinoma]. PMID- 6228403 TI - ["Saber-sheath" intrathoracic trachea]. PMID- 6228405 TI - [Radiological diagnosis of acoustic tumor]. PMID- 6228406 TI - [CT diagnosis of intracranial tumoral hemorrhage (ITH)]. PMID- 6228407 TI - [Carotid arteriography in the diagnosis of ischemic cerebral diseases]. PMID- 6228408 TI - [Dysbaric osteonecrosis--a radiological study and classification of 106 cases]. PMID- 6228409 TI - [Malignant hemangioma of bone: radiological analysis of 13 cases]. PMID- 6228410 TI - [Pachydermoperiostosis--report of 3 cases]. PMID- 6228411 TI - [Benign fibrous lesions of the metaphysis of long bones in children]. PMID- 6228412 TI - [Application of CT in radiotherapy]. PMID- 6228413 TI - Regional and systemic chemotherapy for advanced colorectal cancer. A review. AB - Progress in regional arterial infusion therapy for metastatic cancer confined to the liver from colorectal primary and in systemic chemotherapy for widespread disease has been limited. Despite considerable search for effective antitumor agents, only few drugs have been shown to have efficacy to warrant additional evaluation alone or in multidrug regimens. Despite high response rates reported with regional therapy and some of the systemic chemotherapy regimens, significant prolongation of the overall survival on these treatment programs remains to be documented. Although chemotherapy for advanced large bowel cancer is only moderately effective at present, patients do obtain substantial benefit occasionally. Thus, chemotherapy should be attempted and there should be trials of new treatment regimens to find effective treatments for these patients. PMID- 6228414 TI - [Model of the quaternary structure of F1-ATPase from mitochondrial membranes]. PMID- 6228415 TI - Significance of biogenic amines for opioid-induced locomotor activity in rats. AB - The effect of the opioid levorphanol on locomotor activity was investigated in rats treated with p-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA) or 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA). Acute oral administration of 10 or 30 mg/kg levorphanol induces a time- and dose dependent alteration in motility. Ingestion of 10 mg/kg levorphanol in rats with an intact biogenic amine content results in an increase of locomotion for 180 min followed by a longer lasting, small but significant, reduction of motor activity. The course of motility after 30 mg/kg is similar to that after 10 mg/kg, but the initial peak appears after a 3-h delay. In 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)-deficient rats, the first excitation of motility is enhanced and its subsequent depression intensified. After administration 30 mg/kg a general reduction in motor activity occurs. The effect of 10 mg/kg levorphanol after 6-OHDA treatment is on a lower level, similar to that of rats with intact amine content. After 30 mg/kg levorphanol an immediate and longer lasting increase in activity appears. Chronic ingestion of about 40 mg/levorphanol/kg per day enhances the total amount of activity in normal rats as well as in animals with catecholamine (CA) depletion, but not in those treated with PCPA. In all cases, withdrawal of the opioid results in a reduction of activity below that of control levels. PMID- 6228416 TI - [Pigmented exanthema after spironolactone allergy in progressive systemic scleroderma]. AB - A 37-year-old man developed generalized medium-brown hyperpigmentation in the course of progressive systemic scleroderma. Histologically there were numerous Melanin granules in the basal epidermis, but also in the upper Malpighian layer and in corneocytes. An allergic rash developed on administration of spironolactone given for the scleroderma. After healing there remained slate-grey spots. As a consequence of the drug rash the already present hyperpigmentation was aggravated by marked pigment deposition in the upper corium. At the same time there were numerous melanophages as sign of an absorptive removal of the melanin granules. The drug allergy was thus the occasion for the persisting pigment deposition with circumscribed spotty pigmentation of the skin. PMID- 6228417 TI - [Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). A 2-year review]. PMID- 6228418 TI - [Use of a Wisap CO2-Pneu gas insufflator by SEMM for establishing pneumoperitoneum for pelviscopic examination in horses and cattle]. PMID- 6228419 TI - Plasma dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate and other androgens in normo- and hyperprolactinemic women with polycystic ovary disease. PMID- 6228420 TI - [Analysis of the results of treatment of idiopathic hirsutism and hirsutism in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome with androcur (cyproterone acetate)]. PMID- 6228421 TI - Endoscopic diagnosis of ascites in Assiut province, upper Egypt. AB - Fifty-nine case of ascites not due to cardiac or renal disease were subjected to clinical, endoscopic and laboratory investigations, including bacteriology and histopathology. Provisional diagnosis divided the cases into 38 patients with ascites as the main finding, and 21 patients with liver cirrhosis and ascites. After investigation, the final diagnosis was totally different from the provisional in 15 cases. Predominance of tuberculosis of the peritoneum per se or in addition to liver cirrhosis was striking, and its documentation was possible only through laparoscopy and biopsy. Oesophagoscopy, a simple procedure, revealing varices in undiagnosed ascites, points to liver cirrhosis. Laparoscopy confirms the diagnosis and reveals other additional factors for ascites as malignancy or tuberculosis. PMID- 6228422 TI - Uptake of beta-hexosaminidase by nonparenchymal liver cells and peritoneal macrophages. AB - The uptake of beta-hexosaminidase (EC 3.2.1.30) in nonparenchymal liver cells (i.e. endothelial and Kupffer's cells) and peritoneal macrophages has been determined by an enzymatic assay. A considerable uptake was noted in nonparenchymal liver cells, whereas no measurable uptake was seen in peritoneal macrophages. The endothelial cells were more active in the uptake of beta hexosaminidase than were the Kupffer's cells. The uptake of beta-hexosaminidase by nonparenchymal liver cells showed saturation kinetics and was competitively inhibited by mannan. These findings support the concept that a cell surface receptor on nonparenchymal liver cells mediates uptake of beta-hexosaminidase and suggests a difference in the receptor mechanisms on liver and peritoneal macrophages. PMID- 6228424 TI - Identification of the alpha and beta subunits of the chloroplast coupling factor one in Chlamydomonas reinhardi. AB - The alpha and beta subunits of the Chlamydomonas reinhardi coupling factor one have been identified by an immunochemical method and by the reaction of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide with the beta subunit. Antibodies raised against the C. reinhardi subunit with the highest apparent molecular weight react with the alpha subunit of spinach coupling factor one and antibodies raised against the beta subunit of the spinach chloroplast enzyme cross-react with the C. reinhardi subunit of lower apparent molecular weight. Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide also reacts with this subunit. We conclude therefore that the two subunits of highest apparent molecular weight can be named alpha and beta in order of decreasing apparent molecular weight, in contrast to the nomenclature suggested by Piccioni, R. G., Bennoun, P. and Chua, N.-H. [(1981) Eur. J. Biochem. 117, 93-102]. PMID- 6228423 TI - Cardiac dimensions in athletes in relation to variations in their training program. AB - The cardiac dimensions of male long-distance runners (LDR) and cycle racers (CR) were determined echocardiographically during four different training seasons, i.e., a preparation, a competitive, a slowing-down and a resting season, and were compared with those of control subjects (CS). Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) was also assessed from the electrocardiogram. The maximal aerobic performance was determined on a bicycle ergometer. In the athletes, left ventricular mass was significantly greater in all seasons than the values in the CS. This difference resulted from a thicker interventricular septum and left ventricular posterior wall as well as a larger left ventricular internal diameter. The existence of LVH was confirmed by the electrocardiographic findings. No differences were observed between the four different training seasons, despite considerable changes in the training program for weeks to months. The maximal aerobic performance test in LDR showed a significantly higher workload during the competitive than during the preparation season. The CR reached significantly lower values during the resting season than during the other seasons. The results indicate that the possible adaptation of the cardiac dimensions to variations in the heaviness of the training program is relatively slow. PMID- 6228425 TI - The vanadate complex of the calcium-transport ATPase of the sarcoplasmic reticulum, its formation and dissociation. AB - Vanadate binding to different sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane preparations was determined by measuring bound vanadate colorimetrically and by phosphorylating the vanadate-free enzyme fraction with [gamma-32P] ATP. Colorimetry allowed the study of the dependence of equilibrium vanadate binding on ionized magnesium and the displacing effect of ionized calcium at vanadate concentrations greater than 0.1 mM only. At saturating magnesium concentration the enzyme binds 6-8 nmol vanadate/mg protein and half-maximum saturation is reached at 40 microM. Vanadate is displaced from the enzyme when its high-affinity calcium-binding sites are saturated and conversely calcium is solely displaced from its high-affinity binding sites by vanadate. The phosphorylation procedure allowed the measurement of equilibrium binding as well as the kinetics of vanadate binding and release at vanadate concentrations below 0.1 mM. Half-times of 30s and 3s were observed for vanadate release induced by 0.1 mM and 1 mM calcium respectively. Millimolar concentrations of ATP are required for vanadate displacement. Under equilibrium conditions the enzyme displays an affinity for vanadate of 1.6 X 10(6) M-1. The dependence on the concentration of vanadate of the rate of vanadate binding yielded an affinity of only 1 X 10(4) M-1. Closed vesicles bind vanadate much more slowly than calcium-permeable preparations. The initial rate of calcium induced vanadate dissociation is accelerated considerably when the vesicles are made calcium permeable. The rate of vanadate dissociation from calcium-permeable vesicles reaches half-maximum values at 1-2 mM calcium indicating that the internal low-affinity calcium-binding sites must first be occupied in order to release bound vanadate. The results suggest that vanadate binding leads to a transition of the external high to internal low-affinity calcium-binding sites. PMID- 6228426 TI - Affinity of 167Tm-citrate for tumor and liver tissue. AB - Strong affinity of 167Tm-citrate for tumor tissue was reconfirmed by using Ehrlich tumor. Excellent tumor imaging was obtained with 167Tm-citrate because of its strong tumor affinity and because of the suitable physical characteristics of 167Tm. A large number of 167Tm had accumulated in the connective tissue which contained inflammatory tissue, quite large amounts were found in areas containing viable and necrotic tumor tissue, and small amounts were present in viable tumor tissue. 167Tm was not seen in necrotic tumor tissue. It was concluded that lysosomes did not play a major role in the tumor concentration of 167Tm, but played an important role in the liver concentration of this nuclide. In the case of hepatoma AH109A, it was presumed that lysosomes played a considerably important role in the tumor concentration of 167Tm, hepatoma AH109A possessing some residual features of the liver. 167Tm was bound to acid mucopolysaccharides and transposed by the acid mucopolysaccharides in the tumor tissues and liver. The acid mucopolysaccharides to which 167Tm were bound in tumor and liver, were heparan sulfate, chondroitin sulfate (or keratosulfate) and heparin (or keratosulfate). PMID- 6228427 TI - Modified in vivo behaviour of 99mTc-labelled liver-spleen preparations due to 99Mo/99mTc-generator eluate impurities. AB - At irregular intervals, a 99mTc-labelled microcolloid for liver and spleen scintigraphy was reported to accumulate in the lungs, in the absence of any pathophysiological condition usually associated with this phenomenon. These findings were in direct contrast to the results obtained during quality control assays performed on the production batches of the kit. The authors tested the hypothesis that the presence of Al3+ ions in the generators eluate used to label the kit caused the formation of larger size aggregates. The experimental results suggest that the 99mTc-pertechnetate solution used for labelling contained far more than 40 micrograms Al3+ per ml, hence a many-fold increase of the maximum level tolerated by the pharmacopoeia. The authors advise caution when interpreting findings of pulmonary activity in the absence of clear evidence of pathological conditions that are sometimes associated with this biodistribution pattern. PMID- 6228429 TI - Short-term effects of early programming for the young gifted handicapped child. PMID- 6228428 TI - Transient intense gastric fixation of 99mTc-MDP. AB - A case is described of reversible, intense gastric uptake of 99mTc-MDP in the fundal region of a patient with myeloma, while very little transient pulmonary fixation was seen. The significance of this unusual finding in terms of relevant blood chemistry, results of gastric biopsies, which failed to show metastatic calcification, and the drugs administered is discussed. PMID- 6228430 TI - Compliance monitoring: a dead or critical issue. PMID- 6228431 TI - A logical and empirical analysis of current practice in classifying students as handicapped. PMID- 6228432 TI - Improving social acceptance by training handicapped students to tutor their nonhandicapped peers. PMID- 6228433 TI - The variance of forearm blood flow as an indicator of emotional stress. AB - Forearm blood flow was measured four times per minute by venous occlusion plethysmography during rest and during a brief emotionally stressful mental task. During emotional stress not only was the mean forearm blood flow increased, but the single blood flow values fluctuated more than at rest. The greater fluctuation, expressed statistically as the variance, was an indicator of emotional stress, at least as sensitive as the mean increase in the blood flow. Both a tranquillizer (thioridazine) and a beta-blocker (toliprolol) reduced the greater variance during the emotionally stressful situation in doses insufficient to diminish the mean increase in forearm blood flow. PMID- 6228434 TI - Steroid metabolism by rabbit embryos: time of onset of steroidogenic activity. AB - Twenty four hour incubations of the days 5 and 6 pre-implantation and the days 7 and 8 post-implantation rabbit embryos were carried out in the presence of 3H labelled steroid substrates viz. dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), androstenedione (Ad) and testosterone (Te). While both the pre- as well as the post-implantation embryos were able to actively metabolize the various neutral steroid substrates into other neutral, mostly 5 alpha-reduced, steroid metabolites, the conversion of DHEA to Ad or that of DHEA, Ad and Te to estrogens was exhibited only by the days 7 and 8 post-implantation embryos. The findings suggest that pre implantation blastocysts of rabbit lack the potentiality to synthesize steroids and acquire this ability only after implantation. PMID- 6228435 TI - Role of catecholamines in the central actions of medroxyprogesterone acetate. AB - The role of catecholamines in the mechanism of antiovulatory and other central effects of medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) has been studied in adult healthy, non-pregnant female albino rats. It has been observed that a single dose of MPA (100 mg/kg) given intramuscularly did not cause any significant change in brain catecholamine levels after 7 days of treatment. However, there was a significant reduction in brain dopamine levels after 15 days of MPA administration. This reduction in brain dopamine levels may be responsible for the anti-ovulatory activity of MPA. Certain side effects of MPA such as amenorrhoea, galactorrhoea, breast tenderness, breast tumors, inactivity and depression may also be due to decrease in brain dopamine levels. PMID- 6228436 TI - Synaptic development in the human fetus: a morphometric analysis of normal and Down's syndrome neocortex. AB - Postmortem tissue was obtained from six normal and four Down's syndrome brains ranging in age from 12 to 40 weeks postconception. Tissue was processed for electron microscopy using routine osmium and EPTA staining procedures, and to examine synaptic development, photomicrographs were systematically taken throughout the molecular layer of the sensorimotor neocortex. The number of EPTA stained synapses were consistently greater than the number of osmium-stained synaptic contacts. A progressive increase in synaptic density throughout the range of ages examined was observed for both normal and Down's syndrome tissue. There was also an increase with developmental age in apparent measures of synaptic maturity, e.g., an increased ratio of mature to primitive contacts and asymmetrical to symmetrical contacts. In normal tissue, pre- and postsynaptic membrane lengths were observed to increase with the ages studied, whereas synaptic membrane widths appeared to attain mature values by 29 weeks postconception. Cleft width remained fairly constant to 28 weeks postconception. Although direct statistical comparisons could not be made, in Down's tissue synaptic parameter development was generally less consistent and the parameters appeared to be reduced during the later stages of development studied. PMID- 6228438 TI - Resolution and reconstitution of the rec BC deoxyribonuclease of Escherichia coli. AB - The inactivation of rec BC nuclease activity and simultaneously the separation of 3 DNA-dependent ATPases and an ATP-independent DNases specific for single stranded DNA have been observed after DEAE-cellulose chromatography of cell extracts from Escherichia coli. Two of the ATPases catalyze the strand separation of duplex DNA. Reconstitution of ATP-dependent DNase activity has been carried out by the combination of the separated enzymes. PMID- 6228437 TI - Acid hydrolases of the coccidian Eimeria tenella. AB - Activities of acid hydrolases were higher in sporozoites of Eimeria tenella than in unsporulated and sporulated oocysts. These enzymes along with proteinases may be involved in the penetration of epithelial cells of chicken cecum by sporozoites. PMID- 6228439 TI - Trifluoperazine and chlorpromazine block secretion from human platelets evoked at basal cytoplasmic free calcium by activators of C-kinase. AB - Trifluoperazine, chlorpromazine and other drugs known to inhibit calmodulin dependent processes are also known to inhibit protein kinase C. The effect of these agents on secretion evoked by known activators of C-kinase has been studied in human platelets loaded with the fluorescent Ca indicator, quin2 and preincubated with aspirin. The secretory response stimulated by phorbol ester and exogenous diacylglycerol, at basal levels of cytoplasmic free Ca2+, [Ca2+]i, was suppressed by trifluoperazine, chlorpromazine and W-7, as was the secretion evoked by collagen that occurs without a change in [Ca2+]i. The response to thrombin, which is accompanied by elevated [Ca2+]i was barely affected. Modest elevation of [Ca2+]i by Ca ionophore was able to overcome the inhibitory effect of these drugs on the response to phorbol ester, diacylglycerol, and collagen. PMID- 6228440 TI - Binding of actinomycin D to DNA revealed by DNase I footprinting. AB - We have analyzed the specificity of the actinomycin D-DNA interaction. The 'footprint' method has been used in this investigation. It is shown that: (i) The presence of dinucleotide GC or GG is required for binding of a single drug molecule. (ii) The strong binding sites are encoded by tetranucleotide XGCY; where X not equal to G and Y not equal to C in accordance with RNA elongation hindrance sites [1]. (iii) There is a positive cooperativity in binding of actinomycin D with DNA. PMID- 6228441 TI - [Problems in the joint work of medical schools and therapeutic and prophylactic institutions]. PMID- 6228442 TI - [Work of the people's university of health]. PMID- 6228443 TI - New concepts in the surgical management of tubal pregnancy and the consequent postoperative results. AB - The success following reconstructive tubal pregnancy can only be measured in terms of live births. Because the fallopian tube is not a simple conduit and has numerous complex functions, many women fail to conceive despite successful reconstructive surgery. The most effective way to prevent reocclusion or peritubal adhesion is to minimize tissue trauma. Magnification permits accurate excision and hemostasis. In this review, it has been demonstrated that tubal conservation is technically possible and safe. It is effective in increasing the number of live births postoperatively in women interested in fertility and does not increase the risk of the repaired tube for a repeat tubal gestation more than the uninvolved tube, although one of five subsequent pregnancies are again ectopic. They seem to occur equally as often in the contralateral tube as in the repaired tube. It has been shown that salpingotomy can restore tubal patency and maintain fertility. The second question was whether the number of viable pregnancies increase after conservative surgery. This question can be answered only if the repaired tube remains and the patient subsequently delivers at term. Such data have already demonstrated this outcome. Conservative operations in selected cases of tubal pregnancy seem feasible and safe and do not further impair tubal function. Because intrauterine pregnancy is more apt to occur than is repeat ectopic pregnancy, it seems logical that the involved tube should be saved whenever fertility is desired (Fig. 2). In unruptured isthmic pregnancy, Stangel and Gomel prefer segmental excision and end-to-end anastomosis during the same intervention. Gomel advocates segmental excision of the conceptus whether ruptured or not when the pregnancy is located in the isthmus or proximal half of the ampulla, and end-to-end anastomosis undertaken later as an elective procedure if necessary (Fig. 2). An ampullary gestation may be successfully treated by salpingotomy; and in the case of distal ampullary location, a tubal abortion may be performed (Fig. 2). When extensive destruction of the tube occurs, salpingectomy becomes necessary. In cases of early diagnosis of tubal gestation, conservative surgical management may be carried out via laparoscopy (Fig. 1). PMID- 6228444 TI - The use of high-dose human menopausal gonadotropin in an in vitro fertilization program. AB - Sixty-three normal ovulatory women suffering from obstructive tubal disease not corrected by previous surgery were enrolled in an in vitro fertilization (IVF) program. To achieve a large number of mature follicles, a relatively high dose of human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG) was administered (19 +/- 4 ampules/cycle). Monitoring consisted of daily follicular ultrasonography and serum estradiol measurements. Human chorionic gonadotropin (10,000 IU) was administered when more than two large follicles (1.6 to 1.8 cm in diameter) were visualized. Fifty-five laparoscopies for oocyte retrieval were performed. A mean of 4.3 follicles per woman were aspirated, and 3.2 oocytes per woman were recovered. The oocytes were preincubated for 8 or 24 hours according to the morphologic degree of mucification and dispersal of the oocyte-corona-cumulus complex. Seventy-seven percent of the oocytes were fertilized and were transferred into the uterus 38 to 40 hours after insemination. Fifty-two women received one to eight embryos (mean, 3.5 +/- 1.9), and 9 (17%) conceived. This regimen of high-dose hMG precludes the need for serum or urine luteinizing hormone monitoring, because the occurrence of spontaneous ovulation is low. It is valuable in increasing the number of fertilizable oocytes, the percentage of women undergoing embryo transfer, and compensates with multiple oocyte transfer for the high embryonic loss involved in IVF. PMID- 6228445 TI - The expectancy of pregnancy for "normal" infertile couples. AB - The prognosis of unexplained infertility was studied for 47 couples. The cumulative rate of pregnancy was 65%, with 81% achieving a full-term pregnancy. The type and duration of infertility, the age of the woman, and the previous use of contraceptives did not significantly modify the results. This study indicates that a complete investigative protocol should include laparoscopy. It also suggests caution in the application of untried empirical treatments to normal infertile couples. PMID- 6228446 TI - Prolactin and adrenal androgens. PMID- 6228447 TI - Treatment of onychomycosis by ODT therapy with 20% urea ointment and 2% tolnaftate ointment. AB - 20 patients with distal onychomycosis were given daily application of an ointment containing 2% tolnaftate and an ointment containing 20% urea under ODT. Following this, 17 of 20 patients developed onychomalacia and seven of these developed onycholysis 1 or 2 weeks later. The separated nails were cut as short as possible. Similarly to those patients with onychomalacia alone, occlusive dressing technique was continuously performed until the newly developed nails became macroscopically normal and no fungi were observed microscopically (responders). Following treatment, out of 20 patients, 14 responded. 5 patients who had a short course of treatment did not respond. Side-effects such as pain, hemorrhage and infection did not occur. PMID- 6228448 TI - Identification of hydrophobic regions of the calcium-transport ATPase from sarcoplasmic reticulum after photochemical labeling with adamantane diazirine. AB - The Ca-ATPase from skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum was labeled with [3H]adamantane diazirine. Adamantane diazirine is a hydrophobic photoactivated probe that partitions into the cell membrane and can be used to identify regions of proteins that are embedded within the membrane. Digestion of the labeled protein with trypsin and separation of the labeled tryptic fragments by SDS polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis indicated that all of the major tryptic fragments were labeled by the probe. The presence of glutathione in the sample buffer during photolysis did not alter the pattern of labeling, indicating that adamantane diazirine labeled the Ca-ATPase from within the lipid bilayer. These results indicate that the Ca-ATPase polypeptide must cross the membrane at least 3 times. PMID- 6228449 TI - Quantitative cytochemical responses to exogenously administered calcitonins in rat kidney and bone cells. AB - Time- and dose-dependent changes in intracellular enzyme activities in kidney and bone from rats injected with calcitonin have been assessed by quantitative cytochemistry. The doses of salmon calcitonin given were similar to those suggested in the Pharmacopoeial rat hypocalcaemia bioassay (1-50 mIU/50 g body weight). The highest doses produced 30% inhibition of alkaline phosphatase activity, maximal within 20 min after injection, in cells of renal proximal tubules and a stimulation of calcium-dependent adenosine triphosphatase activity in kidney cortical and outer medullary cells. Alkaline phosphatase activity in the periosteal bone cells was markedly inhibited at the lowest doses. When doses of human and porcine calcitonins were given which would be equipotent with that of salmon calcitonin in the rat hypocalcaemia bioassay, the effect of the non mammalian peptide on renal alkaline phosphatase activity was relatively greater than that of the mammalian peptides. Oxidized human calcitonin did not inhibit renal alkaline phosphatase activity even when an amount equivalent to 10 times the highest dose of the unmodified peptide was injected. PMID- 6228450 TI - Viral hepatitis: standardization in immunoprophylaxis of infections by hepatitis viruses. Proceedings of a symposium, Athens, Greece, November 15-18, 1982. PMID- 6228451 TI - Synthetic peptide vaccine for hepatitis B. PMID- 6228452 TI - A new hepatitis B vaccine containing HBeAg in addition to HBsAg. AB - A new vaccine is reported which contains HBeAg in addition to highly purified HBsAg. The rationale for this approach depends on the following data indicating that anti-HBe/anti-HBc may play an active role in prevention of HBV infection; (1) active immunization of chimpanzees with HBeAg(s) devoid of detectable HBsAg protected against subsequent challenge with HBV; (2) passive immunization of chimpanzees with an anti-HBe/anti-HBc intravenous immunoglobulin devoid of anti HBs significantly delayed and appeared to attenuate HBV infection following subsequent challenge with HBV. The purification procedure utilized for production of the NYBC vaccine was designed to accomplish a high degree of purification with minimal use of complex equipment. This may facilitate eventual utilization of the vaccine on a mass scale for prevention of the HBV carrier state in high prevalence regions of the world. This procedure uses PEG precipitations and hydroxylapatite adsorption steps, followed by only a single isopycnic separation in a zonal rotor, to achieve a vaccine which is substantially free of serum proteins and detectable HBV DNA yet contains immunogenic quantities of HBsAg and HBeAg. The vaccine is inactivated by Tween 80 and formalin. Four lots have passed chimpanzee safety tests; two of them have been tested in clinical trials. PMID- 6228453 TI - Alternative sources of hepatitis B vaccine. PMID- 6228454 TI - Preliminary results of immune response to hepatitis B (HB) vaccine (Pasteur) in adults. AB - Antibody responses were estimated in 42 healthy high risk volunteers submitted to three monthly intradeltoid inoculations of a 5 micrograms HBs vaccine containing both subtypes adw and ayw. The presence and concentration of anti-HBs varied according to individual responses and the number of injections. One month after the 1st dose those responding numbered 19%, one month after the 2nd the number rose to 83,3%, and reached 100% one month after the 3rd dose. In a few cases antibody levels were low (less than or equal to 50 mIU/ml), while in most subjects they rose after the 2nd dose, reaching high titres. Concordance and comparability of anti-HBs concentration were achieved by three different measurements (S/N, RIA Units, mIU/ml). No important side effects were observed. The timing of booster doses is discussed. PMID- 6228455 TI - Preliminary results of hepatitis B vaccination (HEVAC B) in healthy subjects and haemodialysis patients. AB - Hepatitis B vaccine (Hevac B, Pasteur) was assessed in 52 healthy and 25 haemodialysis individuals. The percentage of hepatitis B surface antibody seroconversion was 100% in the first group but only 57.7% in the other one. The mean levels of hepatitis B surface antibody, 3 months after the first injection were respectively 222 and 42 milli International Units per ml. Five health-care workers, who experienced an accidental exposure were protected by a combined passive-active immunization. PMID- 6228456 TI - Correlation between immunogenetic markers and "in vivo" response to the german hepatitis B vaccine. AB - The antibody response to the German HB-vaccine in 100 volunteers was investigated with respect to the individual immunogenetic markers. After 3 doses of vaccine at days 0, 28 and 140, 7 serum samples were collected at days 0, 28, 56, 98, 140, 154, 168 and anti-HBs concentrations determined. Seroconversion was 96% after the 3rd injection with a mean antibody concentration of 947 mIU/ml. On the basis of antibody values on day 154 four groups of responders could be observed. Nonresponders, late and low responders, early and high responders and mixed type high responders with an early peak (IgM) between days 28 and 42. Assigning immunogenetic markers of the HLA-system and immunoglobulin G-allotype system to the different groups yielded evidence that HLA-DR3 is associated with higher antibody production towards HBsAg. PMID- 6228457 TI - Kinetics, subtype specificity and immunoglobulin class of anti-HBs induced by hepatitis B vaccine. AB - The protective effect of anti-HBs against hepatitis B virus is proven only for the common antibody anti-HBs/a but not for subtype specific antibody. Using subtype specific radioimmunoassays, anti-HBs/a and anti-HBs/d were quantitated in recipients of an HBsAg/ad vaccine. All persons developed anti-HBs/a. The relative proportion of anti-HBs/d was variable and very high at the beginning of the immune response. At this time the anti-HBs was predominantly in the IgM class. IgM-anti-HBs disappeared rapidly after its peak value and was more slowly replaced by IgG-anti-HBs. Persons who had only anti-HBs or anti-HBc as the only antibody did usually not react with an anamnestic booster response and developed IgM- anti-HBs after vaccination. An injection schedule of 0, 1, 4 months produced ten times higher titers than a 0, 1.5, 3 months schedule 4 weeks after the third injection. However, 6 months later titers were essentially identical. Nine of ten "non-responders" became positive after a fourth injection. PMID- 6228458 TI - A contribution of the immunogenicity of hepatitis B vaccines. PMID- 6228459 TI - Immunogenicity and safety of heat-inactivated hepatitis B vaccine (CLB) in low risk human volunteers and in patients treated with chronic haemodialysis in the Netherlands. AB - The immunogenicity and safety of a heat-inactivated hepatitis B vaccine (HB vaccine) were studied in healthy human volunteers (n = 471) at a low risk to be infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV) and in patients on chronic haemodialysis (n = 227), who were treated in hepatitis B free centres. After vaccination with 3 injections of 3 micrograms heat-inactivated HBsAg adsorbed to A1PO4, given at monthly intervals, 93% of the healthy low risk volunteers had formed anti-HBs. The haemodialysis patients were randomly divided into 2 groups, which were vaccinated with 3 monthly injections of 3 micrograms and 27 micrograms heat inactivated HBsAg, respectively. It appeared, that this 9-fold increase of the vaccine-dosage enhanced the anti-HBs response from 77% in the 3 micrograms vaccinees to 94% in the 27 micrograms recipients. Side-effects of the vaccination were negligible, formation of autoantibodies in consequence of the vaccine treatment was not demonstrated in any of the vaccinees. PMID- 6228460 TI - Safety and immunogenicity of a further reduced dose (10 mcg) of the hepatitis B vaccine. PMID- 6228461 TI - Immunogenicity of HBeAg in the New York Blood Center hepatitis B vaccine. AB - A new hepatitis B vaccine has been developed which contains both HBsAg and HBeAg since evidence suggests that anti-HBe may have useful biologic activities. It was thus important to determine whether HBeAg is immunogenic in this type of a preparation. We now report data indicating that highly purified HBsAg particles, derived from HBeAg containing plasma, release a proportion of their contained cryptic HBeAg following the detergent treatment used in the preparation of this vaccine. Both the soluble and the residual particle associated HBeAg are immunogenic in guinea pigs. There was no detectable anti-HBe response in animals injected with similar HBsAg particles which had not been exposed to detergent. PMID- 6228462 TI - Hepatitis B vaccine: safety study in anti-HBs seropositive human volunteers. AB - HBsAg, which has been purified from HBsAg and HBeAg positive plasma, was repeatedly applied to human volunteers, who were seropositive for anti-HBs. The intramuscular or subcutaneous injections caused a clear booster effect on anti HBs concentrations in serum. The injections were well tolerated. Only minor local side effects occurred. Vaccination left serum transaminase activities unaffected. None of the volunteers developed serologic or clinical signs related to viral hepatitis. PMID- 6228463 TI - Hepatitis B vaccine: safety study in anti-HBs seronegative human volunteers. AB - A hepatitis B vaccine which has been prepared from HBsAg and HBeAg positive human plasma and which consists of purified HBsAg in an alum suspension was investigated for safety and immunogenicity in a clinical trial. Twenty-three anti HBs seronegative volunteers received three injections each of 40 micrograms HBsAg intramuscularly. No rise in serum transaminase activities occurred during the follow-up period, and none of the volunteers developed clinical signs related to viral hepatitis. Only minor side reactions like burning or reddening at the site of injection were reported by the volunteers. 100% seroconversion occurred within 150 days after first vaccination. The subsequent two vaccinations caused a strong booster effect. PMID- 6228464 TI - Safety and potency aspects in the preparation of an experimental HBsAg vaccine. AB - No experimental setting is available to exclude residual infectivity in HBsAg vaccines derived from human plasma. Thus, safety can be achieved only by means of their preparation. To reduce infectivity of the starting material, only plasma from healthy anti-HBe positive donors was used. In the FRG, 50% of all healthy HBsAg carriers with anti-HBe have a suitable serum level of 5 to 20 micrograms/ml. The purification procedure removed hepatitis B virus by a factor greater than 10(4). The purified product contained only the HBsAg proteins and no serum protein, as shown by SDS gel electrophoresis. The pure HBsAg was treated with formalin 1:500 at 37 degrees C for 4 days. A loss of 30 to 50% antigenicity was tolerated to achieve the highest possible destruction of known and unknown infectious agents. After inactivation, the HBsAg was bound to aluminium hydroxide gel. The gel was washed repeatedly to remove the formalin. Doses of 40 micrograms or 20 micrograms absorbed HBsAg protein were given to greater than 2500 persons without serious side effects. In greater than 97% anti-HBs was formed with a median titer of 1900 I.U./ml. PMID- 6228465 TI - Worldwide control of hepatitis B. PMID- 6228466 TI - Hepatitis B vaccine: immunization of children and newborns in an endemic area (Senegal). PMID- 6228467 TI - Hepatitis B vaccine: simultaneous passive and active immunization. Indications in pre- and post-exposure. AB - An alum bivalent hepatitis B vaccine (HB vaccine) containing 5 micrograms/dose of formalin-inactivated and purified HBsAg has been used for active immunization of dialysis patients since the fall of 1975. Elderly patients had a weak and delayed response to three injections of HB vaccine. They were thus at risk of being infected by HBV before the completion of immunization. To prevent these early infections a four-way passive-active immunization trial was undertaken. Patients received three or four injections of HB vaccine in combination with one or two injections of hyper-immune anti-HBs globulin (HBIG). Results show that passive anti-HBs did not impair the immune response to the vaccine. Moreover, immediate administration of HBIG upon entry in the dialysis centre significantly reduced early-acquired chronic HBs antigenaemia as compared to a group of patients receiving the HB vaccine alone. Passive-active immunization can also be used for post-exposure prophylaxis after accidental inoculation of HBsAg blood (needle stick) or for the prevention of mother-infant transmission of HBV in children born to HBsAg/HBeAg positive mothers. PMID- 6228468 TI - Hepatitis B vaccine: clinical trials in high-risk settings in France. (September 1975-September 1982). AB - An alum bivalent hepatitis B vaccine containing 5 micrograms/dose of formalin inactivated and purified HBsAg has been prepared from plasma of HBeAg negative donors. Safety of the product has been controlled by compulsory testing of each batch in susceptible chimpanzees. This vaccine (HB vaccine) was used for the prophylaxis of Hepatitis B in hospital staff working in high-risk settings and patients undergoing periodic dialysis since the Autumn of 1975. Tolerance to the HB vaccine was excellent both in staff and patients as assessed by a nation-side survey on a thousand vaccinees. More than 96% of the staff developed protective levels of anti-HBs after three injections of vaccine given at one month intervals and became fully immune from HBV infection. A booster injection given at one year stimulated an anamnestic rise of anti-HBs sufficient to ensure protective levels of antibody for at least five years post-booster. The response of renal patients varied according to the age of recipients: young patients responded equally as well as the healthy staff, while patients over the sixth decade had a lower and delayed response. Because of that, a fourth injection of HB vaccine was advocated in elderly patients. Dialysis patients who developed anti-HBs either after three or four injections were fully protected against chronic HBV infections. Anti-HBs positive donors who had received a single booster injection of HB vaccine and vaccinees who had received their 12 months booster were both found to be an adequate source of high-titre anti-HBs plasma for preparing hyperimmune anti-HBs globulin. The HB vaccine which is manufactured by Institut Pasteur Production under the name HEVAC B degrees is now used world-wide for the prophylaxis of hospital acquired infection in developed countries and for the prevention of maternal-infant transmission in the endemic countries of Asia and Africa. PMID- 6228470 TI - Quality and safety of human hepatitis B vaccine. AB - Preparation of hepatitis B vaccine in our laboratories consists of a series of steps that include initial concentration of surface antigen by ammonium sulfate precipitation, followed by isopycnic banding and rate zonal centrifugation in a K II centrifuge. The partially purified antigen concentrate is digested with pepsin at pH2 and the antigen is unfolded in 8M urea solution followed by renaturation. After gel filtration, the antigen is treated with formalin in 1:4000 dilution, adsorbed onto alum, and preserved with thimerosal. The final product contains essentially pure hepatitis B surface antigen. The process relies both on physical elimination of infectious virus particles and treatment with highly viral destructive reagents in the pepsin, urea and formalin steps. The process is known to be highly destructive of all known viruses tested and to include procedures that are known to be highly destructive of representatives of all known groups of animal viral agents. The three-step process in inactivation provides a fail-safe system for establishing safety of the product. Tests in more than 20'000 persons, who are under surveillance, have shown no untoward effect and have confirmed the safety of the product. PMID- 6228469 TI - Efficacy trial of heat-inactivated hepatitis B vaccine (CLB) in male homosexuals in the Netherlands. AB - The efficacy of a heat-inactivated hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccine, containing 3 micrograms-HBsAg, was studied among a group of 800 susceptible homosexual men. The trial was conducted randomized, placebo-controlled and double blind. At the trial end point (21.5 months) the attack-rate for all HBV infections together was 4.8% among vaccinees and 23.8% among the placebos (p less than 0.0001). Four months after the first injection 89% of the vaccinees had formed anti-HBs and this percentage declined only slightly during the follow-up period. Maximum titers were reached 5 months after the first vaccination. None of the vaccinees who responded to the vaccine with anti-HBs greater than or equal to 1 mIU/ml developed a HBsAg positive infection. The vaccine had no serious side-effects. PMID- 6228471 TI - Global strategies for the prevention of hepatitis B through use of vaccine. PMID- 6228472 TI - The use of hepatitis B vaccine as booster for donors immune to HBV for the production of hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG). AB - Forty nine blood donors immune to HBV volunteered to receive a single dose of hepatitis B vaccine (HEVAC B from Institut Pasteur Production). The initial mean level of anti-HBs was 20 IU/ml (from 5 to 75 IU/ml). The maximum level was observed at the consecutive plasma donation usually 1 month and a half after the vaccine injection. The mean maximum level was 188 IU/ml (from 7 to 800 IU/ml) i.e. an increase of 9 times the initial level. Six donors developed a very weak immune response (inferior to twice the initial level). In the 43 others, anti-HBs levels remained higher than initial level 6 months after the vaccine injection. One year later (study conducted in 25 subjects) 56% had anti-HBs levels superior to 3.6 to 16 times the original level. Such booster responses are of considerable practical importance for increasing anti-HBs titers in human donors for producing HBIG. PMID- 6228473 TI - Prevention of hepatitis B virus infection in children born to HBsAg positive/HBeAg positive mothers. Preliminary results of active and passive-active immunization. AB - In Taiwan the Hepatitis B virus (HBV) carrier rate is 15% to 20%. Mother infant transmission plays the most important role in the endemy resulting in 20% of the children being HBsAg carrier at 4 years of age. A large proportion of HBV carriers will develop a chronic hepatitis leading to cirrhosis and ultimately to primary hepatocellular carcinoma. Children born to HBsAg +/HBeAg + mothers (7% of neonates) have an estimated risk of 90% to become HBsAg chronic carriers. A plan for control of Hepatitis B in Taiwan will aim to solve the problem of these children, as a priority. A Hepatitis B vaccine trial has been undertaken in Taiwan since October 1981 in a selected population of children born to HBsAg +/HBeAg + mothers. The purpose of the study was to determine the efficacy of Hepatitis B vaccine alone or in combination with Hepatitis B immunoglobulin in preventing maternal infant transmission of HBV infection. A three way prophylactic regimen comparison was carried out. Subjects consisted of children born to HBsAg +/HBeAg + mothers. Only mature and apparently healthy neonates were included with the parents' formal consent based on real knowledge and understanding. Babies were randomly included in four different groups of study. PMID- 6228474 TI - Serial transmission of hepatitis B like non-A, non-B hepatitis and associated markers to chimpanzees successfully immunized against HBV. AB - In order to demonstrate that the HBV like strain of NANB hepatitis bred true as non-B together with its associated markers, 2 chimpanzees with high titer anti HBs (45 and 125 AUSAB RU respectively) immunized with the Pasteur HB vaccine received 1 ml IV of a NANB inoculum. Two neighbour captive animal served as controls. The inoculum was the serum of a leukemic patient in remission for over 3 years with NANB chronic active hepatitis which serum contained HBV like particles and was found positive for NANBe Ag and anti-NANBc whereas in the liver typical numerous "SHIMIZU" dense soft edge aggregated intranuclear structures were demonstrated by electron microscopy. After 4 weeks portal inflammation and hepatocyte necrosis with significant aminotransferase elevation lasting for over 10 weeks developed in the 2 infected chimpanzees. No change in anti-HBs titer was seen and HBs, HBc, HBe Ag and/or AB could neither be detected in serum by RIA nor in liver by immunofluorescence during the 6 month follow up period. By contrast NANBc Ag became clearly demonstrable by immunofluorescence in the liver nuclei together with anti-NANBc in the serum after the 6th week and both persisted for over 4 months. Double unit structures similar to those of NANB/F strain were demonstrable in the cytoplasm at the acute phase. None of these changes was seen in the two control animals. Inoculation of the acute phase serum in the 2 previous control animals was again followed by the same sequence of events. Hybridization studies with HBV DNA of liver biopsies of infected chimps were negative. PMID- 6228475 TI - Constituents of HBs particle: characterization and purity of HBsAg in "HEVAC B". AB - In order to check the purity of HBs antigen purified by an industrial procedure, a variety of analytical methods were applied on each purification batch intended for vaccine manufacture. These techniques included: electron microscopy, counterelectrophoresis using monospecific antisera, immunoelectrophoresis, quantitative aminoacid analysis, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in denaturing and non denaturing conditions, RIA determination of HBs antigen. The purity of the preparations was demonstrated and differences between the ay and ad subtypes in the RIA HBsAg determination were pointed out. PMID- 6228476 TI - Association of hepatitis B vaccine with other vaccines--laboratory animals study. AB - The interactions of HB vaccine with other vaccines was studied according to a plan of simultaneous injections on animals in order to ascertain if it would be possible to include HB vaccine in the expanded programmes of vaccination in children in Africa. Investigations were made to discover if the immunogenicity of each vaccine, injected simultaneously with the Hepatitis B vaccine, was at least equal to its immunogenicity when injected alone. The vaccines studied in association with Hepatitis B were: BCG, DPT-Polio or DPT Measles, and Yellow Fever Vaccines. PMID- 6228477 TI - Potency tests for hepatitis B virus vaccines in laboratory animals. AB - The production of a vaccine for use in humans using the plasma of persistent hepatitis-B virus antigen carriers is a recent development in preventive medicine. This new approach requires strict regulations as to quality control. One of these aspects is the immunogenicity of the vaccine that can be tested in laboratory animals, in which the anti-HBs formation is considered through average titre determinations or through an ED 50 test for seroconversion. Both these determinations performed on mice, chickens and guinea-pigs show that ED 50 determinations in mice yield results which are easiest to interpret and that the results obtained in various animal species do not always run parallel. Standardization problems arise with respect to average titre determinations. Our data indicate that in animal sera the titre cannot unequivocally be compared using parallel line bio-assay with a human HBIG preparation. PMID- 6228478 TI - Effect of genetic background on the therapeutic effects of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) in diabetes-obesity mutants and in aged normal mice. AB - Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) was fed at 0.1-0.4% in the diet to genetically diabetic (db/db) or obese (ob/ob) C57BL/KsJ (BL/Ks) or C57BL/6J (BL/6) mice. Treatment of BL/Ks-db/db or ob/ob mice with 0.4% DHEA prevented hyperglycemia, islet atrophy, and severe diabetes associated with this inbred background, but did not affect weight gain and food consumption. Homozygous obese (ob) or diabetes (db) mice on the BL/6 background were more sensitive to DHEA, and the mild, transient hyperglycemia associated with ob or db gene expression on the BL/6 inbred background could be prevented by 0.1% DHEA. Both body weight and food consumption were decreased in BL/6 mutants maintained on 0.1% DHEA whereas this effect was not seen in BL/Ks mutants fed up to 0.4% DHEA. Early therapy with 0.4% DHEA, initiated at 2 wk of age, prevented the development of most diabetes symptoms and decreased the rate of weight gain in pups of all genotypes. In addition to therapeutic effects on both obese mutants, DHEA effected significant changes in an aging study using normal BL/6 female mice. Four weeks of DHEA treatment initiated at 2 yr of age improved glucose tolerance and at the same time reduced plasma insulin to a "younger" level. This suggests that DHEA may act in insulin-resistant mutant mice and in aging normal mice to increase the sensitivity to insulin. PMID- 6228479 TI - Determinants of developmental performance of very low-birthweight survivors at one and two years of age. AB - The developmental outcome of 61 very low-birthweight infants was studied prospectively by means of the Bayley Scales of Infant Development at one and two years of age, corrected for prematurity. Preliminary analysis revealed that the mean scores for mental and psychomotor development were within the normal limits at both testing occasions. However, further analysis showed that there was a significant decrease in mental development scores from one to two years of age, due primarily to an increase in the numbers of low-scoring children with 'hyperactive' behaviour at two years. Separate subgroups of children with suboptimal mental and psychomotor development scores were characterised at both testing occasions by the presence of 'hyperactive' behaviour and disability, usually of a minor degree. The presence of hyperactivity, disability and lowered mental performance may help in the early identification of children at increased developmental risk. PMID- 6228480 TI - Physical impairment, disability and handicap in rural Nepal. AB - Observations were made of people with physical impairments, disabilities and handicaps during a two-month journey in remote, mountainous areas of Nepal where traditional forms of village life have been maintained. Descriptions are given of the types and frequency of visible physical impairments and their distribution according to age, sex and altitude. From descriptions of the activities of impaired people, inferences are made about disability and handicap and their consequences in a traditional society. PMID- 6228481 TI - Streptozotocin, but not alloxan, induces DNA repair synthesis in mouse pancreatic islets in vitro. AB - In the present investigation, the abilities of streptozotocin and alloxan to induce DNA repair synthesis in isolated mouse pancreatic islets have been compared using an autoradiographic technique. Streptozotocin exposure in vitro induced a dose-dependent DNA repair synthesis, whereas no such effect was observed after alloxan treatment. The hydroxyl radical scavenger dimethyl urea and the poly(ADP-ribose) synthetase inhibitors nicotinamide and theophylline reduced the streptozotocin-induced DNA repair. The results suggest that the initial events in streptozotocin-induced B cell injury are DNA damage and repair and that alloxan exerts its major cytotoxic effect by a different mechanism. PMID- 6228482 TI - [Cold agglutinins in a cardiosurgical patient: a successfully operated case]. AB - A technique is described for providing myocardial protection with cold cardioplegia in a patient with cold autoagglutinins. The operation was done in normothermia and the coronary system was perfused with a normothermic (+37 degrees C) NaCl 0,9% solution to remove the blood before in it introducing the cold (+4 degrees C) cardioplegic solution. With this technique, the patient underwent an uneventful operation to relieve right ventricular-outflow stenosis operation. PMID- 6228483 TI - [Tubal pregnancy: recent aspects of diagnosis and treatment]. AB - The histories of 139 patients who received treatment for tubal pregnancy between January 1975 and December 1981 in our department were reviewed. 12% of the patients had a prior contralateral tubal pregnancy. The commonest clinical finding was metrorrhagia in 84% of the cases. The HCG in the urine was positive in 68% of the cases with the clinical routine methods used up to date. The beta HCG in the blood showed an atypical trophoblastic process in all cases. The tubal pregnancy was diagnosed by ultrasonography in 19% of the cases and suspected in 54% of the cases. Aspiration of the pouch of Douglas verified the diagnosis in 79% of the cases. Laparoscopy confirmed the diagnosis in every case. Laparoscopy was especially required when the symptoms were unclear or when the aspiration of the pouch of Douglas showed negative or dubious results. 85 patients had a salpingectomy, 50 patients had a conservative operation of the tube. Laparoscopy was done in 34 patients who had a conservative tubal operation. In 79% of the patients an intact tubal wall made a conservative operation possible. 51 women desired further child-bearing by written questionnaire. After salpingectomy and normal contralateral fallopian tube at operation, 25 patients showed further desire for child-bearing. 18 cases delivered infants, three cases had abortions, and one case had a recurrent ectopic pregnancy. Following conservative operations 24 patients desired further children. 11 patients had intrauterine pregnancies, one of them an abortion. Five patients had a recurrent ectopic pregnancy. PMID- 6228484 TI - [Bart's hemoglobin in the population of Azerbaijan]. PMID- 6228485 TI - Testicular steroidogenesis in the camel (Camelus dromedarius) during the mating and the nonmating seasons. AB - Enzyme reactions in the camel testis involved in androgen synthesis were studied to determine the factors which account for the low testosterone production during the non-mating season (NMS). Testes excised during the NMS were found to have a relatively high activity of the 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase systems of pregnenolone, 17 alpha-hydroxypregnenolone, and dehydroepiandrosterone, but the 4 ene-17 alpha-hydroxylase and 4-ene-17,20-lyase systems were apparently less active than the 5-ene-17 alpha-hydroxylase and 5-ene-17,20-lyase. On the other hand, testes excised during the mating season (MS) were found to have a relatively high activity of 4-ene-17 alpha-hydroxylase, 4-ene-lyase, and 17 beta hydroxysteroid oxidoreductase. The 19-hydroxylation and aromatizing activities for testosterone and androstenedione were not detected in testes excised in either season. It is proposed that during the NMS the predominant route of testosterone biosynthesis is pregnenolone leads to 17 alpha-hydroxypregnenolone leads to dehydroepiandrosterone leads to androst-5-en-3 beta, 17 beta-diol leads to testosterone. PMID- 6228486 TI - [para-Aminobenzoic acid inhibits the manifestation of inducible SOS functions in Escherichia coli K-12]. AB - In experiments with chemical mutagens (alkylating agents MNU, ENU, MMS and EMS), para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) sharply inhibited the inducible processes in Escherichia coli, namely, mutagenesis, induction of lambda prophage and W reactivation of UV-irradiated phage lambda. Based on experimental studies of E. coli strains deficient in different steps of DNA repair, the conclusion was made that PABA participates in regulation of the branch of DNA repair that is controlled by recA+ recF+ alleles. PMID- 6228487 TI - [Health dynamics of students in secondary vocational and technical schools for light industries]. PMID- 6228488 TI - [Radiation safety in using radioisotope devices]. PMID- 6228489 TI - [Hygienic evaluation of the duration of classes in vocational training centers]. PMID- 6228490 TI - [Use of the normative method of intensity indices for the hygienic assessment of the environment]. PMID- 6228491 TI - [Experience of the primary graduate specialization (probationary apprenticeship) of hygienists and epidemiologists]. PMID- 6228492 TI - [Distribution of microorganisms in ground water flow in bacterial contamination of the water table]. PMID- 6228493 TI - [Dynamics of the physical development of Perm schoolchildren]. PMID- 6228494 TI - [Evaluation of the physical development of Rostov-on-Don and Volgodonsk preschool children]. PMID- 6228495 TI - [Case of eczema in an arc welder as a result of the photosensitizing action of manganese]. PMID- 6228496 TI - [Physiological bases of work and rest schedules for operators employed in the oil processing industry]. PMID- 6228497 TI - [Clinical course of vibration- and noise-induced damage in miners of the Donets Basin]. PMID- 6228498 TI - Intestinal lymphocyte subpopulations in inflammatory bowel disease: an analysis by immunohistological and cell isolation techniques. AB - Lymphocyte subpopulations in the intestinal mucosa of patients with ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease have been studied using a double marker immunofluorescence technique. Analysis of tissue sections revealed that the majority of intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL) were T cells (Hle-1+ HuTLA+ UCHT1+). Of these, over 80% were of suppressor-cytotoxic phenotype (OKT8+:83 +/- 10.2%) with a small population of helper type IEL (OKT4+). Only one third of OKT8+ IEL reacted with the T cell antibody, anti-Leu-1. IEL were also Tac-, C3b receptor- (C3RT05-), and Ig-. Within the lamina propria, OKT4+ T cells predominated (ulcerative colitis 64 +/- 6.0%; Crohn's disease 63 +/- 6.0%). Less than half of the smaller OKT8+ population in the lamina propria was Leu-1+. These finding did not differ from those seen in histologically normal tissues from controls, and are similar to those reported in the small intestine. Mononuclear cells were also isolated from the intestinal lamina propria using an enzymatic technique. The majority of lymphocytes obtained were T cells (OKT3+), with populations of OKT4+ and OKT8+ cells. Comparison of the ratio of OKT4+ to OKT8+ lymphocytes determined by immunohistological analysis with that obtained in mucosal isolates, however, suggested that the isolation procedure may deplete OKT8+ cells. These findings indicate that an imbalance of mucosal immunoregulatory T cells, as defined by monoclonal antibodies, does not occur in inflammatory bowel disease. They also emphasize that functional studies of isolated intestinal mucosal cells should be combined with morphological studies of cell populations in situ. PMID- 6228499 TI - Handi-dogs help the handicapped. PMID- 6228500 TI - Ticlopidine activity on platelet function in patients with enhanced platelet aggregation. A short-term crossover study. AB - In a single-blind crossover study, the effect of ticlopidine (250 mg t.i.d.) on platelet function was investigated in 16 patients, with enhanced platelet aggregation, before treatment, on the third and seventh day of treatment with the drug or the placebo. Bleeding time was significantly lengthened by ticlopidine administration. Platelet aggregation, both in vivo and in vitro, was significantly inhibited during the week on ticlopidine. Beta-thromboglobulin concentration was on an average significantly decreased. The inhibition by PGI2 of platelet aggregation by PGD2 was slightly but not significantly increased. Platelet TxB2 production after stimulation with thrombin was unchanged during ticlopidine administration, whereas conversion of exogenous arachidonic acid into TxB2 was slightly but significantly reduced. The present results confirm that ticlopidine acts in vivo as a powerful antiaggregating agent. The antiaggregating activity seems to be due to an interference of ticlopidine with platelet membrane and, as a consequence, with various platelet membrane receptors and activities. PMID- 6228502 TI - Experience with 33 epigastric rectus flaps in breast reconstruction. AB - The contralateral epigastric rectus flap (ERF) is a myocutaneous island flap, including epigastric skin, and the upper part of the rectus abdominis muscle with the superior epigastric artery. It measures at least 20 X 8 cm. In breast reconstruction, the ERF is transferred from the normal side to the mastectomized side on its vascular pedicle. The donor site is hidden in the submammary fold. The ERF has many advantages over the latissimus flap (larger amount of skin, skin comparable to breast skin, that can be taken without position change during surgery, no muscle dysfunction, no donor site in the back, upper abdominal lift with major addition of homolateral epigastric skin to the reconstruction), but is not so suitable in patients with thin or irradiated skin. Compared to the lower rectus flap, it is a less extensive procedure with no abdominal scar, but it brings less adipose tissue to the reconstructed breast. PMID- 6228501 TI - Combinations of increased thrombin, plasmin and non-specific protease activity in patients with acute leukaemia. AB - Thrombin generation, plasmin formation and non-specific protease activity, were assessed in a cohort group of 30 patients presenting with acute leukaemia. Abnormalities detected by specific tests of one or more of these three systems were found in 27 (90%) of patients while abnormalities in 'routine' laboratory coagulation tests were seen in only 17 (56%). All patients at presentation had a bleeding tendency which was defined as minor (skin purpura) or major (other bleeding sites). Patients presenting with minor (n = 19) or major haemorrhage (n = 11) could not be differentiated by the degree of thrombocytopenia. Similarly, increased generation of either thrombin or plasmin activity alone was non discriminatory. However, more complex alterations of haemostasis involving increased activity of more than one of these three systems were seen only in those patients who had major haemorrhage. PMID- 6228503 TI - [Balloon dilatation of the coronary arteries]. PMID- 6228504 TI - [Enzymatic debridement of wounds. Comparison of 2 commercial preparations]. AB - In a randomized single-blind trial 44 patients of the Unfallchir. Klinik of Wiesbaden with purulent exudates and/or necrotic substrates in wounds had been enzymatically debrided with preparation A or B (22 patients each group). The solutions had been applied topically in a wet-to-dry technique. Dressings were changed two times a day, until the area became clean and showed granulations. In the group treated with preparation A excellent and good results could be obtained in 16 patients, in the comparison group in 14 patients. Three patients in the group treated with preparation A remained unchanged; in the comparison group five patients remained unchanged or showed deterioration. Due to inefficiency or to side effects treatment was interrupted in four patients of the preparation A group and in eight patients of the comparison group. The more satisfactory results with preparation A can be interpreted in regard to the action of the enzymes: Fibrinolysin immediately attacks the fibrin of blood clots and fibrinous exudates. Desoxyribonuclease assails desoxyribonucleic acid structures. Streptokinase and streptodornase however are needing plasminogen for transforming it into the effective enzyme of plasmin, as they themselves are uneffective. And the amounts of plasminogen in the treated wounds possibly are not sufficient. PMID- 6228506 TI - [Otosclerosis]. PMID- 6228505 TI - [Transluminal coronary dilatation]. AB - Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) represents in patients with single-vessel disease the treatment of choice. Under adequate precautions the method can be performed with reasonable risk outside of a hospital with cardiac surgical operating rooms. PMID- 6228507 TI - [Hereditary spherocytosis]. PMID- 6228509 TI - [Treatment of hemiplegia in the acute stage]. PMID- 6228508 TI - [Tubal blockage]. PMID- 6228510 TI - [Carcinoma of the larynx]. PMID- 6228511 TI - What is involved in open-heart surgery? PMID- 6228512 TI - The genetic significance of accessory bisatellited marker chromosomes. AB - Ten new cases of accessory bisatellited marker chromosomes examined in different laboratories are reported. As a basis for genetic counseling in the context of prenatal diagnosis a cytogenetic categorization of such marker chromosomes is proposed and an estimation of the genetic risk associated with each category is carried out. The results are as follows: There is no increased risk for offspring with abnormal phenotype born to a healthy carrier of an accessory bisatellited marker chromosome with either a single or two closely adjacent C-bands (Category AI or AII). The unbiased sample of cases with de novo accessory bisatellited marker chromosomes of categories AI and AII is too small to allow a satisfactory estimation of the actual risk that, in case of such a prenatal finding, the foetus may not show a normal phenotype as a consequence of the marker chromosome. There is, however, evidence that this risk may be lower than 10%. Accessory bisatellited marker chromosomes showing a discrete pattern of G- and R-bands situated between two distant C-bands (Category AIII) usually indicate a chromosomal imbalance giving rise to an abnormal phenotype. Mosaic carriers of such dicentric marker chromosomes may, however, present a normal phenotype. PMID- 6228513 TI - Prenatal diagnosis of Tay-Sachs disease. Reflectometry of hexosaminidase A, B, and C/S bands on zymograms. AB - Hexosaminidase (Hex) A, B, and C/S were electrophoretically separated from cultured amniotic fluid cells, fetal brain, and white blood cells. Photographs of cellulose acetate zymograms were evaluated by reflectometric scanning. The usefulness and limitations of this rapid method were shown. Hex A was completely absent in the amniotic fluid cells of one out of three pregnancies at risk for Tay-Sachs disease, but Hex C/S was present in this case. The prenatal diagnosis of Tay-Sachs disease was made, and confirmed with the fetal material after abortion. Hex C/S was distinguishable from a residual or "heterozygous" Hex A activity. In the two other risk pregnancies, reflectometric Hex A activities were found to be 50 and 34% of control; the heterozygous stage was presumed for the fetuses. PMID- 6228514 TI - Primary T-cell responses to minor alloantigens. II. Analysis of accessory cell requirements for the development of cytotoxic T lymphocytes. AB - The accessory cell requirements of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) responses directed at multiple minor alloantigens are examined using a short-term, combined in-vivo and in-vitro protocol. The development of cytotoxic activity in vitro from T cells sensitized in vivo requires low-density accessory cells derived from the immunizing strain which have to be H-2 compatible with the responder population. The accessory activity of these cells can be by-passed by interleukin 2 (IL-2)-containing supernatant. Since IL-2 is a product of helper T (Th) cells secreted upon activation by antigen recognized in context of self H-2 and is known to stimulate antigen-activated cytotoxic T-lymphocyte precursors (CTL-P) non-specifically to effector CTL function, the results indicate that accessory cells interact in an H-2 restricted fashion with helper rather than cytotoxic T lymphocyte precursors. The low-density accessory cells active in this system do not express Fc receptors (FcR) and are present in both the adherent and non adherent fractions of spleen or lymph nodes. PMID- 6228515 TI - Infection with Mycobacterium kansasii and efficacy of vaccination against tuberculosis. AB - The purpose of the present study was to examine further the recent hypothesis that subcutaneous infection with Mycobacterium kansasii resulted in the generation of a cell-mediated hypersensitivity reaction ('Koch' reaction) which could, it was argued, subsequently interfere with the generation of acquired immunity following vaccination of the animal with BCG. The results of the present study were unable to confirm this hypothesis in that they show, firstly, that subcutaneous M. kansasii infection was associated with the development of substantial Arthus-like reactivity which masked the detection of any subsequent delayed response, and that furthermore, attempts to adoptively transfer this form of delayed reaction by means of passive transfer of cells were unsuccessful. Furthermore, the results show that, despite the presence of the M. kansasii infection, BCG-vaccinated animals were fully resistant to subsequent aerosol delivered challenge with virulent M. tuberculosis. PMID- 6228516 TI - Inhibition of classical C5 convertase in the complement system by factor H. AB - This paper described the influence of factor H on the haemolytic activity of the classical C5 convertase. Factor H showed little effect on the interaction of C5 with EAC1,4b,2a,3b cells bearing low numbers of C3b sites, but displayed the inhibitory effect on the interaction of C5 with the intermediate cells bearing high numbers of C3b sites. The higher the number of C3b sites on the cells, the greater the degree of the inhibition by factor H. The inhibition by factor H was accompanied by the inhibition of consumption of C5 from the fluid phase, indicating that factor H inhibits the activity of C5 convertase, not the binding of activated C5 to the cells. PMID- 6228517 TI - Significant changes in epidermal Langerhans cells of guinea-pigs infested with ticks (Dermacentor andersoni). AB - Resistance to tick feeding has previously been shown to be an acquired, immunologically mediated phenomenon in guinea-pigs, associated with cutaneous basophil hypersensitivity to tick antigens. In this study, Langerhans cells (LC) in the epidermis of guinea-pigs were monitored during tick infestations of susceptible and resistant animals. A specific adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) staining technique was used to identify epidermal LC. The numbers of LC decreased significantly around the sites of tick attachment during primary infestations. Early in the secondary infestations, increases in numbers of LC were observed in the epidermis surrounding tick mouth-parts. These changes in LC populations resemble those previously described in contact dermatitis reactions of guinea pigs. PMID- 6228518 TI - Effects of ultraviolet irradiation on epidermal Langerhans cells in guinea-pigs. AB - There is good evidence to suggest that u.v. irradiation (UVB) of the skin causes a reduction in the numbers of normal epidermal Langerhans cells (LC) in man and mouse. Little information is available on the effects of u.v. radiation on LC in guinea-pig skin. In this study, different dosages of UVB and UVC were applied to the ear skin of guinea-pigs. UVC irradiations were found more effective than UVB in causing depletions of ATPase-positive epidermal LC. Highly significant depletions, lasting 6 days after irradiation, were produced with little evidence of significant inflammatory reactions occurring in the epidermis. PMID- 6228519 TI - Induction and Ly phenotype of suppressor T cells in mice during primary infection with dengue virus. AB - Infection of mice with dengue-4 virus produced a significant, transient immunosuppression of the delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) response to sheep red blood cells (SRBC). Suppression was noted on day 3 after infection, was maximal on day 5 and was no longer evident on day 13 after infection. The suppressive effect was transferable to normal mice by viable spleen cells from immune mice but not by immune serum. These cells appeared to be present in the spleens of infected mice as early as day 1 after infection and were still detectable on day 7. No evidence was obtained that suppression was mediated by a soluble factor. Further characterization of the cells which could transfer suppression showed them to be T cells possessing both Ly-1 and Ly-2 surface antigens. These data suggest that there may exist two types of T suppressor cells or that, alternatively, an interaction between Ly-1+ and Ly-2+ cells was required to produce suppression. The significance and implications of these findings are discussed. PMID- 6228520 TI - Suppressor cells induced by BCG release non-specific factors in vitro which inhibit DNA synthesis and interleukin-2 production. AB - Mice injected intravenously with a high dose (5 X 10(7) ) of BCG fail to develop delayed hypersensitivity to BCG and are described as anergic or unresponsive. Spleen cells from these mice release factors on culture which suppress DNA synthesis induced by concanavalin A in vitro. Cell separation experiments showed that both macrophages and T cells produce inhibitory factors. However, the macrophage factor has a molecular weight 10,000-30,000, while the T cell factor has a molecular weight of 50,000-70,000. Further evidence that these two factors are different is provided by the kinetics of their action. The T cell factor only acts when given within 12 hr of stimulation with concanavalin A, while the macrophage factor acts even when given at 48 hr. In the case of the T cell factor, the inhibition of DNA synthesis may be attributed to its ability to block the interleukin-2 production induced by Con A. As similar T cell and macrophage factors are produced in mice responding to simple chemically reactive haptenes (contact sensitizers), it is possible that a similar suppressor circuit is involved in the control of the response to contact sensitizers and in the production of unresponsiveness (anergy) in mice given large doses of BCG. PMID- 6228522 TI - Studies on the lymphocyte subpopulation in systemic lupus erythematosus by monoclonal antibodies. AB - T cells and T-cell subsets were studied with monoclonal antibodies in 15 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) during a 6-wk period. During active states of disease, all investigated T-cell subsets decreased, but the reduction of suppressor cells seemed to be more pronounced, therefore the helper/suppressor ratio increased. Less suppressor cells could be detected during clinical impairments and more during improvements. PMID- 6228523 TI - Distribution of actin content in human B and T lymphocytes by DNAse 1 inhibition test. AB - The DNAse inhibition assay, which allows for the titration of two forms of soluble actin in cell extracts, has been applied to normal human lymphocytes from peripheral blood. Actin-like activities associated with the membrane-rich fraction of extracts from thymus dependent (T) lymphocytes are significantly higher than those from bone marrow derived (B) lymphocytes, on a per cell basis, provided care is paid to the elimination of monocytic and polymorphonuclear cells which produce significantly higher DNAse 1 inhibition. The apparent discrepancy with a recent report that normal T and B lymphocytes do not differ in their total actin content is discussed with respect to the functional uniqueness of membrane associated DNAse 1 inhibitions and the importance of using purified lymphocyte populations. PMID- 6228521 TI - Virus-specific T cell response prevents lymphoma development in mice infected by intrathymic inoculation of Moloney leukaemia virus (M-MuLV). AB - Previous work on mice neonatally injected with Moloney-murine leukaemia virus (M MuLV) had shown that T cell lymphoma development correlates with virus infection of lymphoreticular cells (T and B lymphocytes and macrophages) as well as with a lack of generation of virus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) due to clonal deletion of CTL precursors. In the present report, viral antigen expression and T cell response in mice injected as adults with M-MuLV intrathymus (i.t.) was investigated. Only thymic and splenic T lymphocytes from these mice express virus induced antigens since they were lysed by virus-specific CTL, and stained by anti M-MuLV fluorescent serum. In addition, the percentage of M-MuLV-infected T cells increased with increasing post- inoculation times. However, these mice could mount a strong cellular immune response against M-MuLV-infected cells, as detected by massive mixed leucocyte tumour cell culture and by evaluation of virus- specific CTL precursor frequency. Finally, i.t. injected mice were not viraemic and did not develop lymphomas during an observation period of 12-15 months. These data, in contrast with the recent hypothesis that T cell lymphoma development depends on a chronic stimulation of virus-specific T lymphocytes, indicate that the cellular immune response is sufficient for prevention of neoplastic transformation, despite a persistent viral infection of the thymus and peripheral T lymphocytes. PMID- 6228524 TI - Heterogeneity of Fc gamma receptor expression on human cell lines. AB - Receptors for the Fc gamma portion of IgG (Fc gamma R) may be detected on several cell populations using a variety of assay techniques. The heterogeneity of these receptors on human cell lines has been investigated using a rabbit antiserum raised against Fc gamma R expressed on K562 cells. This reagent only partially inhibited Fc gamma R binding on K562 cells, but completely blocked that on Daudi cells. The results are compatible with the hypothesis that Daudi cells express only one form of Fc gamma R, which is similar if not identical to one of the 2 Fc gamma-binding activities detected on K562 cells. Cell lines may therefore be useful sources of different homogeneous Fc gamma R material for the development of reagents to study these receptors on cell subpopulations in health and disease. PMID- 6228525 TI - Goodpasture's syndrome-like lesions after intraperitoneal administration of rabbit antirat lung serum in rats. PMID- 6228526 TI - Alloimmune interactions of a lymphoproliferative disease-inducer gene Arp and linkage to Pep-7. AB - In this report we describe a new diallelic gene system, Arpa and Arpb, which codes for surface antigens on murine lymphocytes. Arpb is present only in a mutant strain of BALB/c which is designated BALB/c-Arpb. Normal BALB/c and all other strains of mice tested express Arpa. The Arpb mutation is associated with a newly discovered polymorphism of the Peptidase-7 enzyme, Pep-7b, which codes for a variant form of the enzyme with a faster anodal mobility on electrophoresis than the commonly known form. The Arp locus controls a range of alloimmune interactions between Arp incompatible lymphocytes. These include mixed lymphocyte reactivity, host-versus-graft and graft-versus-host reactions and the development of weak cytotoxic but strong cytostatic effector lymphocytes which are allo- as well as autoreactive. The association between Arp and Pep-7 and the biological significance of the Arp locus are discussed. PMID- 6228527 TI - Transferability & localisation of genetic determinants of staphylococcal drug resistance. PMID- 6228528 TI - Echocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy as related to arterial pressure and plasma norepinephrine concentration in arterial hypertension. Reversal by atenolol treatment. AB - We tried to assess relationships between echocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), arterial pressure levels, and plasma norepinephrine concentration (NE) in 20 previously untreated stable hypertensive patients with LVH, and in 11 healthy normotensive control subjects. Interventricular septal (IVS) thickness, posterior wall (PW) thickness, and left ventricular mass index (LVMI) were related to arterial pressure levels and to NE by univariate and multivariate regression analyses. In addition, after 18 months of monotherapy with atenolol (carried out in nine of 20 patients), the relationship between echocardiographic changes and degree of pressure reduction was tested. Before treatment, PW thickness weakly correlated with systolic (r = 0.55; p less than 0.01) and mean (r = 0.50; p less than 0.05) arterial pressure. IVS thickness weakly correlated with NE (r = 0.53; p less than 0.05). On this relatively small sample, multivariate regression analysis showed an association of both IVS thickness (R = 0.57; p less than 0.05) and PW thickness (R = 0.58; p less than 0.05) with mean arterial pressure (MAP) and NE. After atenolol, there was a reduction in IVS thickness (1.15 to 1.02 cm; p less than 0.01), PW thickness (1.08 to 0.99 cm; p less than 0.01), and LVMI (136.3 to 113.8 g/m2; p less than 0.01), besides a significant reduction in blood pressure and heart rate. The degree of pressure reduction induced by treatment did not correlate the change in IVS or PW thickness. In contrast, the change in diastolic and mean arterial pressure positively correlated the change in LVMI (r = 0.72 and r = 0.75, respectively; both p less than 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6228529 TI - Adenosine and metabolic regulation of coronary blood flow in dogs with renal hypertension. AB - It has been demonstrated that resting coronary vascular resistance is elevated with chronic hypertension and concomitant cardiac hypertrophy. The present study employed a model of 6-week, one-kidney, one wrapped Page hypertension to determine if the ability of the heart to match an increase in oxygen demand with an increase in oxygen supply (coronary blood flow) is impaired, and to determine if these vasoregulatory abnormalities are attributable to inadequate adenosine release. Studies were performed in a pentobarbital anesthetized, open-chest canine preparation using a pericardial infusate method to determine adenosine release. Results showed that dobutamine (a beta-receptor agonist) induced increases in myocardial oxygen consumption (MVO2) over a physiological range (8 30 ml O2 X min-1 X 100 g-1) that were accompanied by an increase in coronary blood flow (CBF) with no change in oxygen extraction. The relationship between MVO2 and CBF was not different between the normotensive (NTC) and hypertensive (RHT) animals. Pericardial infusate adenosine (PI ADO) concentrations were not different for the same MVO2 and CBF, and the relationships for MVO2 vs PI ADO as well as PI ADO vs CBF were unaltered by hypertension. However, the relationship between PI ADO and coronary vascular resistance (CVR) was altered in the RHT group such that a given PI ADO concentration was associated with a significantly higher CVR. These data suggest that, over the range of MVO2 studied, there are no limitations in metabolic regulation of the coronary circulation of RHT animals, and that the higher CVR encountered in the RHT group is not the result of a reduced release of the endogenous vasodilator, adenosine. PMID- 6228530 TI - Inheritable defects in dogs: 3. PMID- 6228532 TI - Changes in neuromuscular performance in voluntary and reflex contraction during strength training in man. AB - Eleven male subjects went through heavy resistance strength training 3 times a week for 16 weeks. The training program consisted mainly of dynamic exercise for the knee extensor muscles with loads of 80%-120% of one maximum repetition in the squat lift. The investigation was undertaken to examine effects of strength training on neuromuscular performance both in voluntary and reflex contractions with special interest in their possible relationships. In addition to a large (P less than 0.001) increase in maximal isometric force and a more (P less than 0.05) economical activation of the knee extensor muscles, significant (P less than 0.05) improvements were noted in isometric force-time parameters, which were related (P less than 0.05) to the increase in the fast-twitch/slow-twitch (FT/ST) muscle fiber area ratio. No changes were observed in reflex time components, but the relative change in reflex electromechanical delay (EMD) was related (P less than 0.05) to the relative change in the FT/ST area ratio. A significant (P less than 0.05) decrease in the peak-to-peak amplitude of the reflex electromyogram (EMG), was noted during the training, and a decrease (P less than 0.05) in reflex EMG/force ratio was related (P less than 0.02) to the change in maximal integrated electromyogram (iEMG)/force ratio of the voluntary contraction. The decrease of reflex EMG may indicate a change in sensitivity of the muscle spindle. The interrelationship between the changes in EMG/force ratios of the reflex and voluntary contractions suggests that the mechanical response of individual muscle fibers of the respective motor units has improved. PMID- 6228531 TI - A prospective study of urinary androgen levels and ovarian cancer. AB - The three major urinary androgen metabolites, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), androsterone (ANDRO), and aetiocholanolone (AETIO) were measured in 1,484 volunteer women between 29 and 60 years of age on the island of Guernsey from 1962-1967. Twelve of these women subsequently developed ovarian cancer after a median interval of 130 months and a minimum interval of 19 months. All three androgen levels in these women were lower than those in controls matched for age and menopausal status. The results were most striking for DHEA, where half of the cases were below the 27th percentile of their matched controls (p = 0.007, two sided). The results for ANDRO were of marginal significance (p = 0.06), and those for AETIO were not significant (p = 0.33). PMID- 6228533 TI - Clinical illnesses and causes of death in a Burmese refugee camp in Bangladesh. AB - In 1978 almost 200 000 Burmese refugees entered Bangladesh. Thirteen camps were set up for refugees. Data for the camp at Leda is presented here. There were four medical clinics; including a diarrhoea clinic operated by the International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh. The four clinics recorded a total of 174 201 visits by the refugees, of which 28% were for watery diarrhoea, 32% for dysentery and 40% for other illnesses. Of 2321 diarrhoea stools cultured, 29.2% yielded pathogens of which 22% were Shigellae alone. Coliform count of water was extremely high. The death rate (89/1000/year) was higher than the birth rate (28/1000/year). Most of the deaths were among infants (640), children (357) and old people (131). Main causes of death were clinical diarrhoea (11.8%), fever (23%) and poor nutrition (52%). Prompt arrangements for food, identifying the vulnerable groups, and proper sanitation perhaps could have reduced the number of deaths considerably. PMID- 6228534 TI - Outpatient management of periodontal patients with hemophilia. PMID- 6228535 TI - The effect of azathioprine on terminal differentiation of human B lymphocytes. AB - The effect of azathioprine on the terminal differentiation of human B cells triggered in vitro by pokeweed mitogen and S. aureus Cowan I bacteria was studied. AZ caused an enhancement of Ig synthesis in its lower concentrations, a phenomenon dependent on the inactivation of suppressor T cells. Higher drug concentrations impaired T-helper function as well as B cell differentiation of peripheral blood, lymph node, and spleen lymphocytes. PMID- 6228536 TI - Suppressor cells in levamisole-treated mice: a possible role of T-cell-mediated feedback suppression in the drug-induced suppression of the humoral immune response. AB - The suppressive effect of levamisole (LMS) on the primary IgM plaque-forming cell (PFC) response to sheep erythrocytes in mice was studied. The suppressive effect of LMS on day 4 PFC response was found to be modified by dose, the timing of drug administration, and the amount of antigen injected. The experiments, using an inhibitory dose of 10 mg/kg LMS, showed that: 1) T cells play an essential role in LMS-induced suppression; 2) antigen-specific suppressor cells are induced in the spleen of LMS-treated mice; 3) the spleen cells from LMS-treated donors either suppress or enhance the PFC response in the recipients, depending on the amount of antigen injected and the number of spleen cells transferred; and 4) a dose of 10 mg/kg LMS, which is inhibitory when assessed on day 4 PFC response, actually enhances the response three and a half days after the immunization. These results suggest that LMS induces precursors of both helper and suppressor cells, and their differentiation and/or maturation to LMS-primed antigen-specific suppressor T cells are modulated, at least in part, by T-cell-mediated feedback suppression. PMID- 6228537 TI - Erythrocyte membrane protein associations and erythrocyte shape. PMID- 6228538 TI - Are ethics committees alive and well? PMID- 6228539 TI - Ethics committees for infants doe? PMID- 6228540 TI - A life of the mind. PMID- 6228541 TI - A new method for myofibrillar Ca++-ATPase reaction based on the use of metachromatic dyes: its advantages in muscle fibre typing. AB - A new method for Ca++-ATPase reaction in human muscle fibres is presented as an alternative to previous ATPase stains. The method is based on the use of metachromatic dyes, namely Azure A and Toluidine Blue, and has the advantages of speed, ease of performance and production of an elegant and clearcut fibre typing. The method distinguishes fibre types because of their metachromatic or orthochromatic staining, due to their different content of phosphate after incubation in the reaction medium. The comparison of serial sections stained by cationic dyes and by ammonium sulphide revealed close correspondence of fibre typing. Fibre type differentiation was also obtained with Acridine Orange; however this method was less reproducible. PMID- 6228543 TI - Egg-yolk trypticase soy agar for the enumeration of heat-damaged spores of Clostridium sporogenes. AB - In heat-resistance studies with spores of Clostridium sporogenes BC-2, an improved recovery medium was needed for severely heat-damaged spores as the used previously--Wynne medium in Miller-Prickett tubes--did not allow accurate counts of spores because of gas formation and disruption of agar. Initial test with pour plates of Viande-Leyure medium containing egg-yolk gave much increased counts for spores previously heated for 50 min at 112 degrees C; this increase was attributed to the presence of egg-yolk. Addition of egg-yolk to Reinforced Clostridial Agar, All-Culture Medium and Trypticase Soy Agar showed that Trypticase Soy Agar with egg-yolk was the best recovery medium. For the final formulation, the value of supplementation with cysteine-HCl and methylene blue was also shown. The resultant Egg-yolk Trypticase Soy Agar is conveniently prepared from BBL Trypticase Soy Agar (40 g) with the addition of 0.4 g/l cysteine-HCl, 4 mg/l of methylene blue and 2% Oxoid egg-yolk emulsion aseptically to the melted basal medium. For optimal spore counts, pour plates are incubated anaerobically for 5--7 d at 30 degrees C. PMID- 6228542 TI - Multiple-bag-fiber muscle spindles in tenuissimus muscles of the cat. AB - Over 300 complete and incomplete cat muscle spindles were examined in serial transverse sections of tenuissimus muscles in search of spindles with more than two nuclear bag intrafusal muscle fibers. Several histochemical and histological stains were used to identify the intrafusal fibers and assess their motor and sensory innervation. About 13% of the spindles contained either three or four bag fibers rather than the usual two. Every multiple-bag-fiber spindle possessed at least one nuclear bag1 and one nuclear bag2 fiber. The supernumerary bag fibers were either another bag1 and/or bag2 fiber, or a mixed bag fiber. The extra bag fibers had the usual morphologic and histochemical properties of cat nuclear bag fibers. All multiple-bag spindles received primary sensory innervation, and most had secondary sensory endings in addition. Their motor pattern was similar in the number, appearance and disposition of intrafusal motor endings to that of the usual two-bag-fiber spindles. Bag fibers of the same kind shared motor nerve supply in three multiple-bag spindles in which tracings of individual motor axons were obtained histologically. It is unclear whether any functional advantage is conveyed to a muscle spindle by its having more than one bag1 and one bag2 fiber. PMID- 6228544 TI - Banning Clioquinol? PMID- 6228545 TI - Infidelity of DNA synthesis as a cause of mutagenesis. AB - The concept underlying these studies is that a major determinant of mutagenesis involves perturbations in the fidelity of DNA replication. i.e., the accuracy by which DNA polymerases copy DNA templates. To investigate this relationship, we have designed in vitro assays to measure the accuracy of DNA replication and used these systems to screen for and to quantitate factors that promote errors in DNA synthesis. Using DNA polymerase from bacteria, the frequency of mistakes with phi X174 DNA as a template approaches 10(-7) and is similar to the spontaneous mutation rates in bacterial cells. In contrast, DNA polymerases from animal cells are more error-prone. The differences in fidelity among mammalian DNA polymerases which lack error-correcting mechanisms suggest that these enzymes enhance accuracy by improving base-selection. Thus, mutants in DNA polymerase-alpha might be altered in base-selection. Chinese hamster V79 cell mutants selected by resistance to aphidicolin, a specific inhibitor of DNA polymerase-alpha, have been reported (Somatic Cell Genet., 7: 235-253, 1981). DNA polymerase-alpha was purified from mitochondria-free crude extracts of these mutants by sequential column chromatography using DEAE-cellulose and phosphocellulose. DNA polymerase alpha purified from one of the mutants is 10-fold more resistant to aphidicolin than the same enzyme purified from the parental cells. Moreover, the apparent Km for dCTP is 1.0 +/- 0.4 microM for the mutant polymerase and 10 +/- 4 microM for the parental enzyme. These observed differences are in accord with the known competition between aphidicolin and dCTP, and provide a mechanism for the aphidicolin resistance of the mutant, i.e., the decrease in Km for dCTP. The elevated spontaneous and induced mutation rate exhibited by this mutant could be mediated by the alteration in DNA polymerase-alpha. With DNA replicating enzymes from a variety of sources, enhancement of mutagenesis has been demonstrated by alteration in precursor pools, damage to DNA templates, loss of nucleotide bases on DNA, metal ions that interact with nucleotide bases, and organic compounds that intercalate into DNA. The alterations of deoxynucleoside triphosphate pools also occur after treatment of animal cells with known mutagens. This observation may provide a new mechanism for mutagenesis by these agents independent of alterations in DNA. PMID- 6228546 TI - Proteinase sensitivity of bacteriophage lambda tail proteins gpJ and pH in complexes with the lambda receptor. AB - Previous studies have shown that bacteriophage lambda initially binds to liposomes bearing its receptor protein by the tip of the tail fiber (type 1 complex). It then associates more directly so that the hollow tail tube is in direct contact with the membrane (type 2 complex). DNA can be injected across the lipid bilayer into the liposome from type 2 complexes. We show here that gpJ, the tail fiber protein, becomes more sensitive to proteolytic degradation in type 2 complexes, indicating that the tail fiber does not pass into the liposome and that the tail fiber may undergo a conformational change in type 2 complexes. Another bacteriophage protein, pH, is sensitive to proteolytic degradation in free bacteriophage, type 1 complexes, or type 2 complexes formed with free receptor, but is resistant to proteinases in type 2 complexes formed with liposomes. This finding suggests that pH associates with the membrane. We suggest that this association is part of the mechanism by which a transmembrane hole for DNA entry is formed. PMID- 6228547 TI - Isolation of an aroF-lac plasmid by recombination in vivo. AB - An aroF-lac operon fusion was transferred from a lambda aroF-lac prophage onto a plasmid carrying a 'Mu cts trp-lac fusion by recombination in vivo. PMID- 6228548 TI - Inorganic phosphate-dependent ADP binding on the chloroplast coupling factor and its participation in ATP synthesis. AB - ADP binding brought about by inorganic phosphate addition (Pi-dependent ADP binding) on membrane-bound chloroplast coupling factor was studied and the following results were obtained. Under energization by illumination or by acid base transition, Pi brought about the binding of ADP with an apparent Km value of 0.22 mM. This effect of Pi was lost rapidly after turning the light off or after acid to base transition, concomitant with the loss of ATP synthesizing activity. Pi-dependent ADP binding was inhibited by phlorizin to nearly the same extent as was ATP synthesis. The inhibitory effects of phlorizin on both the Pi-dependent ADP binding and ATP synthesis increased with the decrease of Pi concentration. These results suggest that the Pi-dependent ADP binding reaction participates in the ATP synthesis reaction and that phlorizin inhibits the P1 binding process. PMID- 6228549 TI - Phosphorylation of myosin light chain modulates the in vitro movement of fibrils composed of actin and myosin filaments from skeletal muscle. AB - In vitro movement of fibrils composed of actin and myosin filaments purified from skeletal muscle was observed by dark field microscopy during superprecipitation at low ionic strengths at room temperature. The movement was activated by phosphorylation of light chain (LC2) of myosin. The activity of the movement was evaluated in terms of the spreading of the area where the fibrils were moving. Adenosine triphosphatase activity of actomyosin was also enhanced by phosphorylation of LC2 and was correlated with the activity of the in vitro movement. PMID- 6228550 TI - Functional characterization of reconstituted sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles. AB - A detailed functional characterization of reconstituted sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) vesicles with similar lipid content as normal SR was obtained by studies of ATPase activity and calcium transport in transient state, steady state, and equilibrium conditions. For this purpose, enzyme phosphorylation with ATP, hydrolytic activity, calcium transport, phosphorylation with Pi, and ATP synthesis by reversal of the pump were measured, and utilized to demonstrate function and orientation of catalytic sites. The preparations used in these studies displayed the highest activity reported for reconstituted sarcoplasmic reticulum systems. The rates of phosphoenzyme formation from ATP and hydrolysis as well as steady state levels matched the values obtained with normal SR vesicles. Calcium transport and repeated cycles of ATP synthesis by reversal of the pump were also obtained. However, the efficiency of transport and ATP synthesis from a Ca2+ gradient was approximately three times lower than in native vesicles. This deficiency could not be attributed to passive calcium leak from the reconstituted vesicles but, in part, can be explained by the bidirectional alignment of the calcium pump in reconstituted SR. It is suggested that vectorial transport requires a more complex level of protein structure than that for sustaining simple ATPase activity. Time resolution of the phosphorylation reaction by rapid quench methods can be used to estimate the orientation of the calcium pump in the membrane. Such studies indicate that the calcium pump protein is largely bidirectionally oriented in reconstituted SR vesicles. PMID- 6228551 TI - Structural analysis of the asparagine-linked oligosaccharides from three lysosomal enzymes of Dictyostelium discoideum. Evidence for an unusual acid stable phosphodiester. AB - Lysosomal enzymes of the slime mold Dictyostelium discoideum contain mannose 6 phosphate and bind with high affinity to the phosphomannosyl receptor of human fibroblasts. In this study, we have partially characterized the Asn-linked oligosaccharide units present on these enzymes. [3H]Mannose-labeled alpha-D mannosidase, beta-D-glucosidase, and beta-D-N-acetylglucosaminidase were purified from the spent growth medium of strain AX3 and glycopeptides were prepared by pronase digestion. Approximately 75% of the glycopeptides contained sulfate residues. These could be removed by solvolysis without degrading the underlying oligosaccharide. Following solvolysis (but not before), the oligosaccharides could be released by endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase H, indicating the presence of high mannose-type units. Greater than 85% of the oligosaccharides contained one or two mannose 6-phosphate residues in the form of an unusual acid-stable phosphodiester. About 3% of the oligosaccharides contained phosphomonoesters and only 6% were neutral species. The major neutral oligosaccharide eluted in the position of Man9GlcNAc when analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography whereas the minor species appeared to be 1-2 residues larger. Acetolysis of the major phosphorylated fractions revealed that molecules with a single mannose 6 phosphate contained the phosphomannosyl residue on the branch linked alpha 1,6 to the beta-linked mannose whereas molecules with two phosphomannosyl residues had the residues on this branch as well as the branch linked alpha 1,3 to the beta linked mannose. The mechanism of mannose phosphorylation in the slime mold must differ from that of mammalian cells since the phosphomannosyl residues are present as acid-resistant phosphodiesters rather than acid-labile phosphodiesters. PMID- 6228552 TI - Complementation of a Schizosaccharomyces pombe mutant lacking the beta subunit of the mitochondrial ATPase by the ATP2 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - A chimeric plasmid carrying the structural gene (ATP2) for the mitochondrial ATPase beta subunit of Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been used to complement a mutant of Schizosaccharomyces pombe lacking the beta subunit (Boutry, M., and Goffeau, A. (1982) Eur. J. Biochem. 125, 471-477). Transformation with ATP2 restored the growth rate of S. pombe mutant on glycerol as well as the mitochondrial ATPase and 32Pi-ATP exchange activities to approximately 20% of the parental strain. Mitochondria prepared from the transformant contained a normal amount of a hybrid F1-ATPase consisting of the S. cerevisiae beta subunit assembled with the remaining subunits of the S. pombe ATPase complex. The presence of the S. cerevisiae beta subunit in the S. pombe ATPase complex conferred a sensitivity to the energy transfer inhibitors citreoviridin and oligomycin which was like that of the intact S. cerevisiae enzyme. The S. cerevisiae beta subunit assembled into the hybrid ATPase complex was the same size as the mature subunit in S. cerevisiae. These data indicate that the mechanism of mitochondrial import and the assembly of the cytoplasmically synthesized subunits is similar or identical in these evolutionary divergent yeasts. In addition, this study provides a new approach for the construction of hybrid mitochondrial ATPase complexes which can be used to examine the function of selected subunits in energy transduction. PMID- 6228553 TI - Comparison of the vacuolar membrane ATPase of Neurospora crassa with the mitochondrial and plasma membrane ATPases. AB - The vacuolar membrane ATPase of Neurospora crassa closely resembles the mitochondrial ATPase in its substrate specificity, substrate affinity, and sensitivity to the inhibitor N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide. Three different mutants with altered mitochondrial ATPase activity, exhibited as 1) resistance to N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, 2) enhanced sensitivity to N,N' dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, and 3) very low specific activity, were found to be unaltered in the vacuolar membrane ATPase. The vacuolar membrane ATPase was similar to the mitochondrial ATPase and approximately 10-fold more sensitive than the plasma membrane ATPase in its sensitivity to the inhibitors 7-chloro-4 nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazole, 2',3'-O-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl) adenosine 5' triphosphate, and 5'-adenylylimidodiphosphate. By contrast, the vacuolar ATPase resembled the plasma membrane ATPase in its response to quercetin (both 10-fold more sensitive than the mitochondrial ATPase); it was unique in its sensitivity to KNO3. A N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide-binding protein, migrating between molecular weight markers of 14,400 and 21,500, was identified as a putative component of the vacuolar membrane ATPase. Taken together, these findings support the argument that the vacuolar membrane ATPase is a distinct enzyme, more like the mitochondrial F0F1 ATPase than the plasma membrane ATPase. PMID- 6228554 TI - Polyester prostheses as substitutes in the thoracic aorta of dogs. I. Evaluation of commercial prostheses. AB - Using canine models, a representative selection of polyester or Dacron vascular prostheses, including woven, knitted, and velour types, were evaluated for their relative healing characteristics and for their structural changes during implantation. Following residence periods ranging from 4 h to 6 months at the site of the thoracic aorta, the dogs were sacraficed, and the grafts were excized for measurement of the thrombogenicity of the flow surface and for pathological examination by light microscopy and SEM. The kidneys were also removed and examined for infarcts caused by any trapped circulating emboli. The extent of healing, the presence of embolizing nuclei, and the thrombogenicity and morphology of the lumen surface were also assessed. The healing characteristics of each type of device proved similar. Velour fabrics exhibited more extensive encapsulation, but frequently their internal capsules failed to incorporate all the fibers. In all cases, cellular development on the lumen was limited to areas contiguous to the anastomoses. The initial porosity of the devices as measured by water permeability did not appear to influence the healing sequence to a significant extent. The grafts did exhibit differences in structural stability depending on whether they were of a knitted or woven construction. We suggest that users consider these different mechanical and structural properties when making their choice of a graft. Despite these differences, we believe that the healing process is far more host dependent than graft dependent. PMID- 6228555 TI - The use of psychological tests in the evaluation of low-back pain. PMID- 6228557 TI - Paramedian retroperitoneal approach to the abdominal aorta. PMID- 6228556 TI - Arteriovenous shunts associated with peripheral obliterative arterial disease. Haemodynamic, arteriographic and isotope studies. AB - From among 210 patients with severe peripheral obliterative arterial disease, the presence of an arteriovenous shunt was demonstrated in 17 cases. Arteriovenous communications were visualized by serial angiographic records and 99mTc macroaggregate isotope testing. The regulation of the limb circulation was investigated using the venous isotope dilution method. Characteristic haemodynamic changes were revealed in arteriovenous shunts associated with peripheral arterial obliterative disease: total limb blood was comparatively high, arteriovenous difference was low and limb O2 consumption was decreased. The clinical significance of the haemodynamic changes in arteriovenous shunting associated with obliterative arterial disease is discussed. PMID- 6228558 TI - The Doppler flowmeter as an aid in the diagnosis of the hyperstomy syndrome. AB - A new aid in the diagnosis of the hyperstomy syndrome by non-invasive procedure using the Doppler flowmeter is presented. Several studies prove that there is an increased venous saturation and increased venous pressure in the hyperstomy syndrome, i.e., various degrees of arterialization of the venous system as well as an increase in the venous flow. Based on these studies the authors detected changes of this flow with the Doppler flowmeter interpreted as being the results of the activation of arteriolo-venular communications. In addition, in the first ten cases in which these have been found, serial arteriography confirmed the diagnosis of hyperstomy syndrome. PMID- 6228559 TI - Informal support for disabled persons: a role for religious and community organizations. PMID- 6228560 TI - Immunoregulatory T cells in men with a new acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. AB - We have evaluated the functional properties of the OK-T8+/OKT4+ T-cell subpopulations in nine patients with a new syndrome of acquired immune deficiency (AIDS). Despite polyclonal hypergammaglobulinemia in the sera of these patients, their peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) produced negligible quantities of immunoglobulin (Ig) when cultured in vitro for 8 days in the presence of pokeweed mitogen (PWM). Patient B cells, however, synthesized normal quantities of immunoglobulin when cocultured with T cells from healthy donors, indicating preservation of B-cell function. Unfractionated PBL or T cells of patient origin mediated marked suppression of pokeweed mitogen-driven immunoglobulin production by T and B cells from healthy donors. The suppressive activity was contained within the population of T cells bearing the OKT8 antigen and was sensitive to in vitro irradiation. On a per-cell basis, patient OKT8+ cells appeared to have greater suppressive activity than normal control OKT8+ cells. In addition, OKT4+ cells from patients had less helper activity for induction of immunoglobulin synthesis than control OKT4+ cells. Increased T suppression and reduced T help are probably a consequence of one or more viral infections and may contribute to progressive immune deficiency and susceptibility to malignancy in patients with the acquired immuno deficiency syndrome. PMID- 6228561 TI - Immunoregulatory cell subsets in Goodpasture's syndrome: evidence for selective T suppressor-cell depletion during active autoimmune disease. AB - In a patient with documented untreated Goodpasture's syndrome, serial determination of T-cell subsets using monoclonal antibodies and flow cytometry revealed a persistent but variable deficiency of T-suppressor cells during the period of active disease. As the percentage of OKT8+ cells (suppressor/cytotoxic T cells) returned to normal levels, anti-basement membrane autoantibody production decreased and finally disappeared. Possible pathogenetic implications of immunoregulatory cell imbalance specifically in reference to Goodpasture's syndrome are discussed. PMID- 6228562 TI - Examination of the morphology of bacteria adhering to peritoneal dialysis catheters by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. AB - We examined Tenckhoff peritoneal catheters by scanning and transmission electron microscopy to study the morphology of bacterial adherence. Two catheters were removed from uninfected patients, three from patients with exit site infections, four from patients with peritonitis, and one from a patient with both exit site infection and peritonitis. Infecting organisms included three of Staphylococcus aureus and one each of Enterobacter sp., Staphylococcus epidermidis, Achromobacter xylosoxidans, Serratia sp., Klebsiella sp., and Candida albicans. Considerable morphological variation in adherence to the peritoneal dialysis apparatus occurred. No inflammatory cells were ever seen in association with infected cuffs, only two of the five patients with peritonitis had inflammatory cells associated with their catheters. In both instances, these cells tended to occur in clumps and demonstrated no flattening when in contact with the surface. Colonization of the catheter was uneven--bacteria tended to occur in clusters. Extensive matrix formation was evident in several instances, and condensation of this matrix onto the bacteria during the dehydration process rendered clumps of bacterial cells amorphous at times. Bacteria were adherent to the subcutaneous cuff in those patients with exit site infections. Gram-negative bacteria attached to individual dacron fibers of the cuff, often several layers deep. Gram-positive bacteria tended to adhere in clusters. PMID- 6228563 TI - OKT8-binding lymphocytes in diseases of the nervous system. AB - OKT8-binding lymphocytes, which consist mainly of suppressor-cytotoxic T cells, were demonstrated in blood and CSF by an immunochemical method. In patients with non-inflammatory diseases, the mean value was 18% in blood and 19% in CSF. In acute viral infections of the CNS, on the other hand, the percentage was significantly lower in the initial days of the disease but then increased up to the 5th week. Eleven patients suffering from multiple sclerosis had similar percentages of OKT8-binding cells, whether or not they had acute symptoms. PMID- 6228564 TI - Immunoregulatory subsets of the T helper and T suppressor cell populations in homosexual men with chronic unexplained lymphadenopathy. AB - Unexplained, generalized lymphadenopathy in homosexual men, which can be a prodrome to the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, is associated with impaired cell-mediated immunity, a low ratio of T helper-inducer to T suppressor-cytotoxic cells (defined by the T4 and T8 monoclonal antibodies), and hypergammaglobulinemia. We performed double-marker studies on T cells by using a panel of monoclonal antibodies (Ia, T17, TQ1, and Leu-8), which reportedly detect activation or functional subsets of the T4 and T8 T cell populations. The T4:TQ1- or T4:Leu-8- subset, which is the major helper subset for B cell responses, is normally represented in lymphadenopathy patients. A depression in the reciprocal subset, T4:TQ1+ or T4:Leu-8+, accounts for the T4 T cell defect. Similarly, the TQ1 and Leu-8 markers delineate the abnormality of T8 T cells: the T8:TQ1- or T8:Leu-8- subset is elevated, whereas the T8:TQ1+ or T8:Leu-8+ subset is normally represented. We found no evidence of excessive activation of T4 T cells by using the T17 or Ia monoclonal antibodies. We did find an overall increase in Ia positive T cells; however, this was due to increased T8:Ia+ cells. In functional studies, immunoglobulin production induced by pokeweed was subnormal. Most lymphadenopathy patients had normal T helper cell function when combined with normal B cells. The dampened pokeweed responses could be partially explained by depression of the T4:TQ1+ (or T4:Leu-8+) subset (which has minor help-associated function) and/or greater than expected suppression. However, subnormal pokeweed responses could not be totally explained by immunoregulatory T cell abnormalities because we also found an intrinsic defect in the B cell responses of lymphadenopathy patients. PMID- 6228565 TI - Arthritis induced in rats by cloned T lymphocytes responsive to mycobacteria but not to collagen type II. AB - We have been studying the pathogenesis of adjuvant arthritis in rats using a long term cell line of T lymphocytes, the A2 line, which can induce polyarthritis and can also be used to vaccinate rats against adjuvant arthritis. Although line A2 was selected for its proliferative response to mycobacteria, it also responded to collagen type II. To elucidate its role of responsiveness to collagen type II and the relationship between arthritogenicity and vaccination, we cloned A2 and selected a subline A2b. We now report that subline A2b, which bore a marker of helper/delayed hypersensitivity T lymphocytes, was strongly arthritogenic, but could not vaccinate against arthritis. Moreover, A2b showed no response to collagen type II. Therefore, reactivity to collagen type II is not a requisite for arthritogenicity, and mediation of arthritis and vaccination can be distinct properties of different populations of T lymphocytes. PMID- 6228566 TI - A luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonist decreases biological activity and modifies chromatographic behavior of luteinizing hormone in man. AB - The effect of the luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) agonist, [D Trp6,Pro9-NEth]LHRH (LHRHA), on luteinizing hormone (LH) bioactivity was assessed with a rat interstitial cell assay in four men during a 14-d treatment period. Biologic/immunologic (B/I) ratios were unchanged initially with treatment but by day 12 had fallen to levels lower than basal values. Frequent sampling on day 12 revealed blunted gonadotropin responsiveness to LHRHA and absence of spontaneous LH pulsations. Despite continued administration of LHRHA, human chorionic gonadotropin administration resulted in elevated B/I ratios and testosterone levels. Further characterization of the serum immunoreactive LH by Sephadex chromatography revealed a later elution profile during treatment with LHRHA. Thus, LHRHA appears to act, in part, by modification of the bioactivity of LH in man. PMID- 6228567 TI - Behavior of neutrophilic granulocytes in a case of Papillon-Lefevre syndrome. AB - Recently we had the opportunity to examine and follow up over a period of 2 years an unusual case of Papillon-Lefevre syndrome (PLS). A 10 year old boy exhibited all symptoms typical of PLS except periodontitis and premature loss of deciduous teeth. The present report aimed at studying the functional capacity of his neutrophilic granulocytes. It integrates clinical observations, histopathological findings and results of in vitro tests. The bioptic material examined included one gingival biopsy, extracted teeth, suppurative material discharged from periodontal pockets, pus emanating from a mucosal abscess, and peripheral blood leucocytes. The neutrophils were sampled on two separate occasions in two independent laboratories and tested for a variety of functions, i.e. motility, random and directional locomotion (chemotaxis), phagocytosis, membrane potential depolarization, oxygen consumption, NBT reduction, and intracellular killing of bacteria and fungi. Findings and test data indicated that in this case of PLS, neutrophilic granulocytes behaved normally with respect to all these functions including margination in blood vessels, emigration, phagocytosis of a broad range of bacteria, degranulation of lysosomes, and intracellular destruction. The data imply that factors other than neutrophil defects may be responsible for rapidly destructive periodontitis in cases where PLS is not associated with an increased susceptibility to infection. PMID- 6228568 TI - [Effect of cobalt and copper on alkaloid accumulation in Atropa belladonna L]. PMID- 6228570 TI - Transluminal carbon dioxide-laser catheter angioplasty for dissolution of atherosclerotic plaques. AB - Carbon dioxide laser energy was used for the dissolution of atheromatous plaques. Flexible, nontoxic infrared optical fibers were used for the transmission of the carbon dioxide laser beam intraarterially. Dissolution of plaques and recanalization of obstructed arteries were achieved both in vitro and in vivo with controllable damage to the vessel walls. PMID- 6228569 TI - [Biomonitoring of lead in the fresh water ecosystems of the Voronezh Preserve]. PMID- 6228571 TI - Electrocardiographic detection of left ventricular hypertrophy using echocardiographic determination of left ventricular mass as the reference standard. Comparison of standard criteria, computer diagnosis and physician interpretation. AB - Electrocardiographic findings of left ventricular hypertrophy were compared with echocardiographic left ventricular mass in 148 patients to assess performance of standard electrocardiographic criteria, the IBM Bonner program and physician interpretation. On echocardiography, 43% of the patients had left ventricular hypertrophy (left ventricular mass greater than 215 g). Sokolow-Lyon voltage-(S in V1 + R in V5 or V6) and Romhilt-Estes point score correlated modestly with left ventricular mass (r = 0.40, p less than 0.001 and r = 0.55, p less than 0.001, respectively). Sensitivity of Sokolow-Lyon voltage greater than 3.5 mV for left ventricular hypertrophy was only 22%, but specificity was 93%. Point score for probable left ventricular hypertrophy (greater than or equal to 4 points) had 48% sensitivity and 85% specificity, whereas definite hypertrophy (greater than or equal to 5 points) had 34% sensitivity and 98% specificity. Computer analysis resulted in 45% sensitivity and 83% specificity. Overall diagnostic accuracy of the IBM Bonner program (67%) was better than that of Sokolow-Lyon voltage (62%), but worse than the Romhilt-Estes point score (69% for greater than or equal to 4 points or 70% for greater than or equal to 5 points). Three cardiologists interpreted electrocardiograms independently and in a blinded fashion. Physician sensitivity was 56%, specificity 92% and accuracy 76%. Correlation with left ventricular hypertrophy was good (r = 0.70, p less than 0.001). It is concluded that: 1) computer diagnosis of left ventricular hypertrophy by the IBM Bonner program is no more accurate than diagnosis by Sokolow-Lyon or Romhilt-Estes criteria, and 2) physician recognition of left ventricular hypertrophy is more accurate.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6228572 TI - Metabolic adaption of pancreatic islet tissue in aging rats. AB - A previous report indicating reduced glucose metabolism in pancreatic islets isolated from old as compared with young rats was reinvestigated. With a modified islet isolation procedure it was found that islets from 12- to 18-month-old rats had increased glucose use, elevated glucokinase, phosphofructokinase and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase when compared with islets from 2-month-old controls. Glucose-induced insulin release in vitro of islets from the older rats was also improved by the more careful method of islet isolation but did not achieve rates observed with islets from young rats. The data suggest an age-related activation of pancreatic islet cell metabolism, possibly in response to overstimulation by increased peripheral insulin resistance, characteristic of older obese rats. PMID- 6228573 TI - Correlation of parietal cell structure and function. AB - The apical surface of the gastric parietal cell is greatly expanded (5-10-fold) during maximal HCl secretion, as compared to the resting cell. The membrane recycling hypothesis has been proposed to account for the extensive, functionally related, rearrangement of cell membranes. Cytoplasmic membranes within the resting cell, the tubulovesicles, contain the H+/K+-ATPase. Fusion of tubulovesicles with the apical plasma membrane occurs when the cells are stimulated, thus providing the increased surface area and proper disposition of the H+ pump enzyme. Microfilaments, composed of actin and other regulatory proteins, serve to direct the reordering of the apical surface during stages of the secretory cycle. Cell fractionation of resting oxyntic mucosa reveals that virtually all of the H+/K+-ATPase activity is associated with light microsomal membrane vesicles, presumably derived from tubulovesicles. Although the enzyme from resting tissue is fully competent (e.g. ATP-driving pump, H+-K+ exchange), the microsomal vesicles lack an endogenous pathway to provide rapid access for K+ to its intravesicular activity site. In stimulated stomach, there is a redistribution of H+/K+-ATPase to a larger, denser membrane fraction, the so called stimulation-associated vesicles. Morphological features and chemical content (e.g. microfilament proteins) suggest that the stimulation-associated vesicles are derived from the expanded apical surface of the stimulated oxyntic cell. A KCl cotransport system has been identified in the stimulation-associated membranes, which operates in parallel with the ATP-driven H+-K+ exchange pump. These two transport systems operate in concert within the apical membrane to provide the machinery for net HCl transport by the parietal cell. PMID- 6228574 TI - Antigen presentation: comments on its regulation and mechanism. PMID- 6228576 TI - Effect of activated lymphocytes on the regulation of hematopoiesis: suppression of in vitro granulopoiesis by OKT8+Ia+T cells induced by alloantigen stimulation. AB - We studied the effects of alloantigen-stimulated lymphocytes in the regulation of hematopoiesis. Alloantigen-stimulated lymphocytes were harvested on days 2 to 3, days 6 to 7, or days 9 to 10 of MLC and were tested for their effects on granulocyte/macrophage progenitor cells (CFU-C). Dose-dependent suppression of CFU-C was observed when alloantigen-stimulated lymphocytes from days 6 to 7 and days 9 to 10 MLC were added to the cultures of autologous or allogeneic bone marrow cells for CFU-C assays. Suppressive activity was detected in the T cell fraction but not in the non-T cell fraction. For further characterization of these CFU-C/suppressor cells, alloantigen-stimulated lymphocytes were treated with radiation (2000 rad) or with monoclonal antibodies against T cell subsets and complement (C) before culture. Suppressive activity was completely abolished by treatment with OKT8 or OKIa1 antibodies and C whereas suppression was retained after radiation treatment. These observations suggest that CFU-C/suppressor cells can be induced by alloantigen stimulation in MLC and that they are radioresistant OKT8+ and Ia+ T cells. PMID- 6228575 TI - Natural suppressor (NS) cells found in the spleen of neonatal mice and adult mice given total lymphoid irradiation (TLI) express the null surface phenotype. AB - We studied the surface markers of suppressor cells of the mixed leukocyte reaction (MLR) that are transiently present in the spleens of neonatal mice after birth and of adult mice after total lymphoid irradiation (TLI). Approximately 80% of the mononuclear cells in the spleen, within the first few days after birth or after TLI, express neither the Thy-1 antigen nor surface immunoglobulin (Ig). After 30 days, less than 20% of mononuclear cells bear this null phenotype. With the use of the panning technique, we showed that the suppressors of the MLR are confined to the null cell population. The null suppressor cells are not macrophages because they did not carry macrophage markers identified by the monoclonal antibodies anti-MAC-1 and F4/80. In addition, the suppressor cells did not stain for nonspecific esterase and did not adhere firmly to plastic or glass. Spleen cells from TLI-treated mice maintained their suppressive capacity after culture in vitro for 6 to 8 wk. The cultured suppressor cells did not develop mature T cell, B cell, or macrophage markers during this time interval. Thus, the suppressor cells did not appear to be precursors of the latter cells. There was no clear relationship between the suppressor activity of the spleens and natural killer (NK) activity; the kinetics of these activities in newborn spleen appear to be inversely related. The suppressor cells, however, are similar to NK cells in that both are found in the absence of antigenic challenge, lack antigen specificity, and bear the null surface phenotype. Thus, we have termed the former cells natural suppressor (NS) cells. PMID- 6228577 TI - The accessory cell function of human alveolar macrophages in specific T cell proliferation. AB - The capacity of alveolar macrophages to support mitogen- and antigen-induced proliferation of autologous, monocyte-depleted T cells in normal, nonsmoking volunteers was studied. Purified T cells failed to proliferate in response to mitogen or antigen, whereas co-culture with peripheral blood monocytes restored responsiveness. Alveolar macrophages (AM) reconstituted the response of T cells to mitogen, indicating that AM can deliver a second proliferative signal. AM, however, were markedly inferior to monocytes in supporting antigen-induced proliferation. Thus, in 19 normal volunteers, the mean response of immune T cells to diphtheria toxoid in cultures reconstituted with normal AM was only 25% of the proliferative response to diphtheria in cultures with monocytes. Although four volunteers demonstrated antigen-presenting function equivalent to monocytes, in the remaining 15 antigen-presenting ability of AM was less than 15% that of monocytes. The difference in antigen-presenting function between AM and monocytes was not due to a difference in their display of HLA-D/DR determinants because 80% of AM were HLA-DR positive. The role of suppression in the diminished antigen presenting function of AM was assessed in 12 volunteers utilizing mixing experiments. Eight volunteers demonstrated suppressor AM but four did not, suggesting that AM from at least some normal individuals have a faulty antigen processing mechanism. Taken together, these studies demonstrate that AM may play three different roles in modulating T lymphocyte responses, i.e., they may present antigen, they may suppress normal responses, or they may remain immunologically inert. The factors that determine which function is expressed in vivo may determine the pulmonary response to inhaled antigen. PMID- 6228578 TI - Cellular requirements for induction of human primary proliferative responses to trinitrophenyl-modified cells. AB - Cellular requirements for induction of primary proliferative responses by human T cells to trinitrophenylated autologous stimulators have been characterized. Substantial proliferative responses were observed with each of the Ia+ stimulator populations tested. Nevertheless, major differences in the hapten specificity of such responses were observed. Thus purified macrophages/monocytes (M phi) when TNP-modified induced responses that were relatively modest in absolute magnitude, but were highly hapten specific. This reflected the very limited capacity of purified M phi to induce proliferation when unmodified, i.e., an autologous mixed leukocyte response (AMLR). In contrast, unmodified M phi-depleted B plus null cells were potent stimulators of AMLR, but hapten modification did not significantly enhance the responses induced by these cells. Moreover, when M phi were added to B plus null cell stimulators AMLR responses were reduced and, with TNP-modified stimulators, hapten-specific responses were restored. The data thus suggest that M phi may have important roles in induction of primary T cell responses to conventional antigens but function largely as regulators rather than stimulators of AMLR. Finally, we have introduced a novel antigen-presenting cell population, the irradiated Ia+ TNP-specific cloned T cell. The possibility that such cells may utilize autostimulatory positive feedback circuits for activation of naive T cells and in interactions between subpopulations of hapten-reactive T cells is discussed. PMID- 6228579 TI - Human helper T cell factor(s). III. Characterization of B cell differentiation factor I (BCDF I). AB - Staphylococcus aureus Cowan I (SAC) induced proliferation of human B cells but did not lead the cells to differentiate to immunoglobulin (Ig)-producing cells. The differentiation of SAC-stimulated B cells to IgG-producing cells was totally dependent on T cells or T cell factor, designated B cell differentiation factor I (BCDF I). BCDF I exerted its effect on B cells between 48 and 72 hr after the initiation of the culture, at which time the 3H-TdR uptake of SAC-stimulated B cells had already reached a maximal level. Highly purified human IL 2 did not induce the differentiation of SAC-stimulated B cells for IgG-producing cells. Therefore the differentiation-inducing ability of BCDF I was not due to the residual T cells in a purified B cell preparation, which might have been activated by a possible contamination of IL 2 in the BCDF I preparation. The apparent m.w. of BCDF I was estimated to be 20,000 by gel filtration. Isoelectric focusing analysis showed that its activity was distributed in three fractions corresponding to pI 6.5, 7.0, and 8.0. In contrast, BCDF II, which induced IgG production in an Epstein Barr virus-transformed B lymphoblastoid cell line, was focused in the fractions with pI range of 4.8 to 5.5. Thus there are at least two different kinds of BCDF for human B cells, designated here as BCDF I and BCDF II. PMID- 6228580 TI - Prophylactic immunization against experimental leishmaniasis. III. Protection against fatal Leishmania tropica infection induced by irradiated promastigotes involves Lyt-1+2- T cells that do not mediate cutaneous DTH. AB - Protective immunity against fatal L. tropica infection in genetically vulnerable BALB/c mice can be induced by prophylactic immunization with irradiated promastigotes even when heat-killed. Such immunity is adoptively transferable transiently into intact or durably into sub-lethally irradiated (200 or 550 rad) syngeneic recipients by splenic T but not B cells. The effector T cells are of the Lyt-1+2- phenotype, devoid of demonstrable cytotoxic activity. The immune splenic T cell population expresses specific helper activity for antibody synthesis. A causal role for helper T cells in this capacity, however, seems unlikely, because it was shown in the accompanying paper that antibody does not determine the protective immunity against L. tropica. The immunized donors show no detectable cutaneous DTH or its early memory recall in response to live or killed promastigotes or a soluble L. tropica antigen preparation. Spleen, lymph node, and peritoneal exudate cells from protectively immunized donors similarly fail to transfer DTH locally or systemically. These cells also lack demonstrable suppressive activity against the expression or induction of DTH to L. tropica. Thus, protection against L. tropica induced by prophylactic i.v. immunization with irradiated promastigotes appears to be conferred by Lyt-1+2- T cells that are distinguishable from T cells mediating either both DTH and T help, or cytotoxicity. PMID- 6228581 TI - Role of IgE receptors in effector function of human eosinophils. AB - After analysis of the technical parameters of the rosette assay with human IgE coated erythrocytes, Fc epsilon receptors for IgE (Fc epsilon R) on human peripheral blood eosinophils were compared to Fc epsilon R on lymphocytes and monocytes. Antibodies directed against Fc epsilon R on lymphocytes and monocytes inhibited the IgE rosettes formed by eosinophils from hypereosinophilic patients, which suggests that Fc epsilon R on eosinophils were antigenically related to Fc epsilon R on lymphocytes and monocytes. Fc epsilon R on human eosinophils were shown to participate in the killing effect of Schistosoma mansoni schistosomula in vitro in the presence of purified eosinophils from highly hypereosinophilic patients (blood counts greater than 3000/mm3) and anti-schistosomula IgE antibodies present in S. mansoni-infected patient sera. Similar levels of inhibition of cytotoxicity were obtained after preincubation of eosinophils with aggregated human IgE or with anti-Fc epsilon R antibodies, whereas preincubation with aggregated IgG or with anti-C3b receptor antibodies did not decrease the killing effect for schistosomula targets. This IgE-dependent cytotoxic capacity seemed restricted to eosinophils with an abnormally low density ("hypodense" cells) present only in highly hypereosinophilic patients. These observations might be related to nonparasitic situations in which increased levels of IgE and tissue or blood eosinophils are observed. PMID- 6228583 TI - In vitro reeducated T helper cells from sarcoma-bearing mice inhibit sarcoma growth in vivo. AB - Spleen cells from BALB/c mice bearing a small, but already clinically evident transplantable methylcholanthrene-induced sarcoma (CE-2) are not able to release interferons, proliferate and perform a cytotoxic response against CE-2 cells, nor able to inhibit their growth in vivo in a Winn-type neutralization assay. They can, however, be reeducated to be efficiently active against the tumor. Spleen cells (25 X 10(6) ) and 10(6) mitomycin C-treated CE-2 cells were cultured in 20 ml of medium for 6 days. The surviving spleen cells were then cultured for another 5 days under the same conditions plus 10% interleukin 2-rich supernatant from a clone of EL-4 thymoma cells stimulated with phorbol-12-myristate-13 acetate. Reeducated spleen cells were then able to inhibit the growth of a 100% lethal dose of CE-2 tumor cells in a Winn-type assay, even when the lymphocyte to tumor cell ratio was 5:1. In vitro, they released interferon-gamma when restimulated by CE-2 cells, and displayed a marked cytotoxicity in an 18-hr assay. Their in vivo tumor-neutralizing activity was not affected by the removal of Lyt-2.2+ lymphocytes, nor by the absorption of cytolytic cells on CE-2 monolayers. The absorbed cell population no longer contained cytotoxic cells nor cytotoxic cell precursors, but still contained CE-2-specific helper cells, which assist the in vitro induction of cytotoxic cells by normal thymocytes. Lyt-2.2-, noncytotoxic, reeducated spleen cells from tumor-bearing mice thus play an important role in tumor neutralization in vivo. PMID- 6228582 TI - T cells from naive mice suppress the in vitro cytotoxic response against endogenous Gross virus-induced tumor cells. AB - Syngeneic normal lymphoid cells added in co-culture of immune lymphocytes and tumor cells reveal a suppressive activity inhibiting the generation of cytolytic T lymphocytes. The suppression was specific for the response directed against endogenous virus-induced or x-ray-induced tumor cells expressing endogenous C type virus antigens. Thymocytes, spleen cells, or lymph node cells from naive mice were able to express this suppressive activity. The same cells displayed no suppressive activity on killer cells directed against exogenous C type virus induced tumor cells. The suppressor cells were Thy-1+, Lyt-1- 2+. Our results strongly suggested that the spontaneous suppressor cells exert their activity by interacting with an early step on the CTL response, probably at the level of the helper T cell function. The suppressive activity was mediated by soluble factor(s) that were antigen specific and possibly H-2 restricted. The possible implications of these spontaneous suppressor T lymphocytes in the development of endogenous virus-induced tumors and their possible implications in tolerance to self antigens are discussed. PMID- 6228584 TI - Age-associated decline in precursor frequency for different T cell-mediated reactions, with preservation of helper or cytotoxic effect per precursor cell. AB - We have begun to apply limiting dilution methods to address the cellular interactions that underlie age-associated changes in the immune response. By 18 mo of age, mice of the long-lived (BALB/c X C57BL/6)F1 strain are found to have a consistent, three to fivefold decline in precursor frequency for several different T cell-mediated responses: a) IL 2 response to T cell mitogens; b) antigen-nonspecific CTL production in mitogen-stimulated, IL 2-supplemented responses; and c) proliferation in response to concanavalin A. We also find a diminished precursor frequency for IL 2-secreting, KLH-specific helper T cells in the draining lymph nodes of KLH-immunized mice. Despite the decline in the fraction of responding precursor cells, the amount of "effect" (cytotoxicity, IL 2, or proliferation) generated per responsive cell is not altered by age. We speculate that the decline in all of these assays may reflect a common, underlying defect, one that reduces the proportion of T cells that can generate a sizeable clone of proliferating cells. This defect seems to act in several different T cell subsets, and in responses to several activating stimuli: alloantigens, soluble proteins, or mitogens. PMID- 6228585 TI - Immune reactivity and immunosuppressive intervention in experimental nephritis. II. Effect of TLI on the course of two models of nephritis in the inbred rat. AB - Fractionated high-dose (3400 rad) total lymphoid irradiation (TLI) induces a unique and prolonged state of immunologic unresponsiveness. The therapeutic efficacy of TLI in immune glomerular disease was explored in two animal models: the accelerated autologous form of nephrotoxic serum nephritis (AA-NTSN) and autologous immune complex nephritis (AICN). LEW rats with established AA-NTSN, subjected to TLI, manifest decreased levels of circulating antibody to the heterologous (sheep) immunoglobulin G (0.4 +/- 0.2 vs 1.2 +/- 0.3 mg/ml, mean +/- SE respectively, p less than 0.01) early post TLI in association with a reduction in histopathology and albuminuria (6.7 +/- 2.2 vs control 19.6 +/- 5.4 mg/24 hr, mean +/- SE, p less than 0.02). Administration of TLI to rats with established AICN effected significant (p less than 0.001) reduction in albuminuria (162 +/- 30 vs 315 +/- 27), serum creatinine (p less than 0.005), and the incidence of lipemia (p less than 0.01) vs controls. Adoptive transfer studies provided no evidence that the sustained beneficial effect of TLI in AICN was suppressor cell mediated. Thus, the observed therapeutic efficacy of TLI in the treatment of experimental nephritis, shown to be related to a reduction in the level of circulating antibody in AA-NTSN, provides a new model system for study of immunity and immunosuppression in primary glomerular disease. PMID- 6228586 TI - Total lymphoid irradiation in kidney and liver transplantation in the baboon: prolonged graft survival and alterations in T cell subsets with low cumulative dose regimens. AB - Prolonged kidney and liver allograft survival was produced in baboons by low cumulative doses (500 to 1200 rad) of total lymphoid irradiation (TLI). Continuing normal graft function for more than 1 yr after transplantation was seen in 10 animals in this series. The longest survivor (greater than 4 years) rejected a third party kidney allograft in typically acute fashion 1 yr after the original transplantation. The dose-response effect was parabolic, with a cumulative dose of 800 rad given as twice weekly fractions of 100 rad each being the most effective. With smaller cumulative doses (500 or 600 rad) results were improved if TLI was administered as a larger number of smaller fractions. These regimens are free of the radiation related mortality observed in earlier studies with larger cumulative doses. As in previous studies, the injection of donor bone marrow was not essential for prolonged and continuing graft survival. The field irradiated was extensive, and included a substantial part of the of the hemopoietic bone. Restricting the field irradiated to that approximating what is used clinically in patients with Hodgkin's disease resulted in markedly poorer graft survival. Alterations in T cell subpopulations were studied in these baboons with the use of the anti-human monoclonal antibodies OKT11 (anti-total T cells), OKT4 (anti-T helper cells; Th), and OKT8 (anti-T suppressor/cytotoxic cells, Tsc), which cross-react with baboon lymphocytes. After completion of TLI but before transplantation, the relative percentage of Tsc cells fell and the percentage of Th and the Th/Tsc ratio rose. Transplantation was followed by an inversion of this ratio due to reciprocal changes in the percentages of Th and Tsc cells. This pattern persisted and increased until 6 mo after transplantation, when it reverted to that seen in untreated control animals. This was maintained in long surviving animals up to 17 mo after transplantation. Transplantation was also followed by a marked early increase in the percentage of Ia+ (OKIa1 anti human monoclonal antibody) total T, T4+, and T8+ cells. If findings in the human, in which activated suppressor but no cytotoxic T cells are Ia+, can be extrapolated to the baboon, a possible explanation for the serial changes observed in the present studies may be that transplantation after TLI results in a polyclonal expansion of nonspecific suppressor T cells. These disappear with time leaving specific suppressor T cells that may be responsible for continuing graft acceptance. Formal proof of this hypothesis will require appropriate functional studies. PMID- 6228587 TI - Reduced in vitro immune responses of purified human Leu-3 (helper/induced phenotype) cells after total lymphoid irradiation. AB - Patients treated with total lymphoid irradiation (TLI) for intractable rheumatoid arthritis showed marked decreases in the in vitro proliferative responses of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBM) to antigens and mitogens. To determine whether an intrinsic deficit in helper/inducer cell proliferation contributed to decreased responses, cells of the helper/inducer phenotype were purified from the PBM of treated patients by using monoclonal anti-Leu-3 antibody and a modified panning procedure. The purified Leu-3 cells obtained after TLI showed a marked reduction in [3H]thymidine incorporation in response to allogeneic lymphocytes, PHA, Con A, and several protein antigens, as compared with that of cells from the same patients obtained before TLI. In addition, the quantity of Leu-3 surface antigen on the panned cells was reduced after TLI. The results suggest that TLI induces prolonged qualitative as well as quantitative changes in circulating Leu 3 T cells. These changes may contribute to the clinical effects of TLI. PMID- 6228588 TI - Comparison of the immunosuppressive effect of fractionated total lymphoid irradiation (TLI) vs conventional immunosuppression (CI) in renal cadaveric allotransplantation. AB - Beginning in November 1981, eight patients with end stage diabetic nephropathy underwent renal cadaveric transplantation after TLI. Transplantation was done between 2 to 11 days after the end of a fractionated TLI to a total dose of 20 to 30 Gy. During the same observation period, 60 nondiabetic patients with end stage renal disease of different origin also received a cadaveric kidney graft, with a conventional regimen of immunosuppression that consists of anti-lymphocyte globulin, tapering high doses of prednisone, and azathioprine. In the TLI-treated group only a low maintenance dose of prednisone (15 mg) was given. Immunologic monitoring was performed after transplantation at regular intervals and was compared in both groups. Phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-, concanavalin A (con A)-, and pokeweed mitogen (PWM)-induced blastogenesis, as well as the mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) and the cell-mediated lympholysis (CML) decreased progressively during the first months after conventional immunosuppression to 50% of the pretransplantation level, and remained there for the first year after transplantation. These tests were much more impaired after TLI (less than 15% of pre TLI value) and again no recovery occurred during the first year. Natural killer (NK) cell activity progressively decreased from a mean value of 53% lysis before transplantation to 15% lysis at the end of the first year after transplantation in the conventionally treated patients. In TLI-treated patients, however, the NK activity, which declined during irradiation from 46% specific lysis to 12%, recovered rapidly after TLI to reach levels of 35 to 40% of specific lysis from the second month on after TLI. In both groups of patients the ratio of helper-inducer (TH) to suppressor-cytotoxic (TS) lymphocytes, as determined with monoclonal antibodies, progressively declined during the first 2 mo after transplantation to a low value of about 1.2. In TLI-treated patients however, this fall progressed further, so that very low levels (less than 0.6) were noticed from the third month on after TLI. The decline of the TH:TS ratio after TLI is due to an absolute increase in the number of suppressor cells. This is in contrast with the conventionally treated patients, where the low ratio is mainly provoked by a more important decrease of the helper cell population. These changes in the balance between TH and TS subpopulations are more frequently associated with positive functional suppressor cell assays in the TLI-treated patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6228589 TI - Suppression of pokeweed mitogen-stimulated immunoglobulin production in patients with rheumatoid arthritis after treatment with total lymphoid irradiation. AB - Patients with intractable rheumatoid arthritis (RA) were treated with total lymphoid irradiation (TLI, 2000 rad). We previously reported long-lasting clinical improvement in this group associated with a persistent decrease in circulating Leu-3 (helper subset) T cells and marked impairment of in vitro lymphocyte function. In the present experiments, we studied the mechanisms underlying the decrease in pokeweed mitogen stimulated immunoglobulin (Ig) secretion observed after TLI. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBL) from TLI treated patients produced 10-fold less Ig (both IgM and IgG) in response to pokeweed mitogen than before radiotherapy. This decrease in Ig production was associated with the presence of suppressor cells in co-culture studies. By using responder cells obtained from normal individuals (allogeneic system), PBL from eight of 12 patients after TLI suppressed Ig synthesis by more than 50%. In contrast, PBL from the same patients before TLI failed to suppress Ig synthesis. Suppression by post-TLI PBL was also demonstrated in an autologous system by using responder cells cryopreserved before TLI. Again, only cells obtained after TLI were suppressive in four of seven patients. PBL with suppressive activity contained suppressor T cells, and the latter cells bore the Leu-2 surface antigen. In 50% of the patients studied, suppressor cells were also found in the non-T fraction and were adherent to plastic. Interestingly, the Leu-2+ cells from TLI-treated patients were no more potent on a cell per cell basis than purified Leu-2+ cells obtained before TLI. Additional experiments suggested that the suppression mediated by T cells after TLI is related to the increased ratio of Leu-2 to Leu-3 cells observed after radiotherapy. PMID- 6228590 TI - Epidermal antigen-presenting cells in activation of suppression: identification of a new functional type of ultraviolet radiation-resistant epidermal cell. PMID- 6228591 TI - Influence of 2'-deoxyguanosine upon the development of DTH effector T cells and suppressor T cells in vivo. AB - Subcutaneous (s.c.) immunization of mice with allogeneic spleen cells can induce delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) to both major and minor histocompatibility antigens. Intravenous immunization with allogeneic spleen cells, however, induces a poor state of DTH. Furthermore, i.v. immunization with allogeneic spleen cells, especially if they have been irradiated, induces suppressor T lymphocytes. These suppressor T cells are capable of suppressing the host-vs-graft (HvG) DTH reactivity that normally arises after s.c. immunization. Moreover, they can suppress the development of anti-host DTH effector T cells during graft-vs-host (GvH) reactions. These models for HvG and GvH DTH reactivity were used to study the influence of 2'-deoxyguanosine (dGuo) and guanosine (Guo) on the generation of DTH-reactive T cells and suppressor T cells in vivo. It was found that daily i.p. administration of 0.01 mg dGuo to mice immunized i.v. partially prevented the generation of suppressor T cell activity, whereas daily administration of 0.1 or 1 mg dGuo resulted in a complete abolition. Administration of dGuo has no effect on the anti-host DTH reactivity by spleen cells from nonsuppressed donors except for when a daily dose of 10 mg is administered. This dose proved to be toxic for precursors of DTH effector T cells. Daily i.p. injection of Guo had no effect on the generation of suppressor T cells nor on the generation of DTH effector T cells. The effect of dGuo was found to be due to a direct effect on suppressor T cells and not to the induction of contrasuppressor cells. These data suggest a differential sensitivity of DTH-reactive T cells and suppressor T cells for dGuo. Because suppressor T cells and DTH-reactive T cells require proliferation for expressing maximal functional activity in the systems used, both cell types probably have different enzyme activities involved in the purine metabolism and similar deoxycytidine kinase activities, but have different nucleotidase (5'NT) activities, those in suppressor T cells being the lowest. If so, suppressor T cells will accumulate deoxyguanosine triphosphate, which causes an inhibition of the ribonucleotide reductase activity and thus of the DNA synthesis by these cells. PMID- 6228592 TI - NK and T cell subsets regulate antibody production by human in vivo antigen induced lymphoblastoid B cells. AB - This study demonstrates the existence of two different suppressive systems for the regulation of antitetanus toxoid antibody production by human lymphoblastoid (LB) B cells. These B cells appear in the circulation 5 to 7 days after in vivo immunization and spontaneously secrete antibody during a 3-day in vitro culture. One suppressive system was mediated by large granular lymphocytes that exhibited high natural killer activity. This suppressive cell subset spontaneously inhibited the antibody production by autologous LB cells, and this effect could be enhanced by the addition of interferon. This inhibition of antibody synthesis could be readily reversed by the addition of as few as 10(2) K-562 cells to the culture. Additionally, the activity of this suppressive cell population could be reduced by complement (C)-mediated lysis with Leu-7 antibody. These results strongly suggest that this autologous suppression was mediated by NK cells. The other suppressor system was contained in the fraction of high density T cells depleted of Fc receptor-bearing cells, which was low in NK activity. This subset inhibited LB function in the presence of pokeweed mitogen but not interferon, and even the addition of up to 10(6) K-562 NK target cells only minimally reversed this inhibition. These results indicate that two distinct subsets of cells share regulatory functions on the in vivo induced B lymphoblastoid cells. The observation that NK cells can inhibit these highly differentiated B cells expands our view of the spectrum of natural targets recognized by NK cells. PMID- 6228593 TI - Modulation of human B cell immunoglobulin secretion by the C3b component of complement. AB - The human C3b component of complement was found to inhibit the differentiation of human B lymphocytes into immunoglobulin-secreting cells in vitro. Pokeweed mitogen (PWM)-induced plaque-forming cell (PFC) responses were inhibited by C3 coated zymosan particles and by purified human C3b. C3b inhibited the PWM-driven responses in a dose-dependent fashion, and it was necessary for C3b to be present in the early phases of the cultures. C3b acted directly on B cells rather than on helper T cells because it inhibited the PFC responses of MNC depleted of T cells and subsequently stimulated with a T cell-independent Epstein Barr virus mitogen. Furthermore, C3b failed to stimulate the generation of suppressor lymphocytes and/or monocytes that might have been responsible for the inhibition of B cell responses. Our results indicate that C3b or its fragments exert negative modulatory effects on human B lymphocyte responses. PMID- 6228594 TI - Cross-linking of B lymphocyte Fc gamma receptors and membrane immunoglobulin inhibits anti-immunoglobulin-induced blastogenesis. AB - The Fc portion of rabbit anti-mouse immunoglobulin (Ig) antibodies interferes with anti-Ig-induced B lymphocyte activation as measured by DNA synthesis on day 3 of culture or maturation to Ig-secreting cells in the presence of soluble helper factors on day 4 or 5. To investigate this Fc-dependent effect at an earlier stage in B cell activation, rabbit IgG anti-mouse mu-chain- or delta chain-specific antibodies were compared with their F(ab')2 fragments for the ability to induce mouse B cells to undergo blast transformation, as defined by an increase in cell volume during the first 24 hr of culture. Both F(ab')2 anti-Ig reagents induce blast transformation, although F(ab')2 anti-mu antibodies induce a greater size change than F(ab')2 anti-delta antibodies. Whole anti-mu or anti delta antibodies do not induce blast transformation; however, in the presence of a monoclonal anti-mouse Fc gamma receptor antibody that blocks IgG binding to Fc gamma receptors (Fc gamma R), whole anti-mu or anti-delta antibodies induce blast transformation as well as their F(ab')2 fragments. Because the anti-Fc gamma R antibody alone has no effect on blast transformation, it appears that the simultaneous binding of membrane IgM (or IgD) and Fc gamma R by whole anti-Ig antibodies prevents this early event in membrane Ig-induced B cell activation. PMID- 6228595 TI - Sex-associated differences in the regulation of immune responses controlled by the MHC of the mouse. AB - The immunologic potential of T lymphocytes and antigen-presenting cells (APC) from male and female mice were compared. Lymphocytes from female mice or from male mice that cannot produce and respond to testosterone (Tfm/y) were more reactive than male lymphocytes to alloantigens in MLR. Spleen cells from Tfm/y mice equipped with estrogen implants showed a higher responsiveness than control Tfm/y to alloantigens. The removal of suppressive adherent cells or the addition of T cell growth factor (TCGF) enhanced the proliferative activity of the cells in the MLR. The responsiveness of female cells to alloantigens, however, remained superior to that observed in male cells. Similarly, in the presence of TCGF, thymocytes from female mice react more effectively than male cells in MLR. In addition, Con A-stimulated spleen cells from female mice produce more interleukin 2 (IL 2) than do spleen cells from males or female mice treated with testosterone. Lymphocytes from immunized mice were tested for their ability to respond to soluble antigens (KLH and OVA) in vitro. Again, female immunocompetent cells respond more vigorously than male cells or cells originating in female mice with testosterone implants. APC from female spleen were more efficient than male APC in initiating a secondary response in primed lymphocytes from either males or female mice. Moreover, castration of male mice enhanced, and treatment of female mice with androgen reduced, the efficiency of antigen presentation. In conclusion, these data suggest that female cells are superior to male cells in immunologic functions that are known to be associated with reactions to and recognition of histocompatibility antigens, i.e., antigen presentation and MLR. Furthermore, our present data indicate that the differential reactivity of immunocytes between male and female mice depends on the hormonal balance of the animal. PMID- 6228596 TI - Monoclonal antibodies specific for Ia glycoproteins raised by immunization with activated T cells: possible role of T cellbound Ia antigens as targets of immunoregulatory T cells. AB - Two monoclonal antibodies, Y-3P and Y-8P, specific for conventional mouse Ia glycoprotein antigens are described. Both were raised by repeated immunization of primed mice with activated T cells over a period of 1 yr, and both detect a new and broad public Ia specificity. Both of the antibodies react with I-A subregion controlled A alpha:A beta complexes of all mouse strains apart from the responder strain (H-2d), as well as the equivalent of A alpha:A beta complexes in rats carrying seven independent haplotypes. These antibodies have great utility as almost universal Ia reagents. On the basis of these results, we propose that Ia antigens presented to the immune system bound to activated T cells are immunogenic, and may induce the production of Ia antibodies of novel and broad specificity. In addition, we propose that such bound Ia glycoproteins could be a target for immunoregulatory T cells, and could account for the specificity of suppression of graft-vs-host reactions and Ia-restricted helper T cells observed by others in F1 animals injected with parental T cells. PMID- 6228597 TI - Monocyte receptors for the Fc portion of IgG are increased in systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - Defective clearance of IgG-sensitized particles has been documented in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). This defect may be of pathogenetic significance because it allows the prolonged circulation of endogenous immune complexes with subsequent tissue deposition. To assess the possible contribution of a genetically determined defect in phagocyte Fc-IgG receptor expression or immune complex saturation of Fc-IgG receptors to impaired clearance, we used a well characterized monomer binding assay to quantitate monocyte Fc-IgG receptors in normal controls and in 26 patients with SLE. Mean monocyte Fc-IgG receptor numbers were increased in both male and female SLE patients relative to normal controls. Increasing receptor numbers correlated positively with increasing clinical disease activity and increasing titers of antibody to native, double stranded DNA. No significant correlation was found between any single disease symptom, organ system involvement, drug therapy, antigenic C3 levels, or immune complex levels and receptor number. A negative correlation was noted between Fc IgG receptor binding affinity constants in SLE patients and clinical disease activity, but none of the observed affinity constants fell outside the 95% confidence normal range, and the mean affinity constants for patients both with and without active disease were not significantly different from controls. Our results are inconsistent with a genetically determined defect in Fc-IgG receptor elaboration by mononuclear phagocytes, and suggest that simple immune complex saturation does not underlie abnormal Fc-IgG-mediated clearance in SLE. PMID- 6228598 TI - The T4 surface antigen is involved in the induction of helper function. AB - The OKT4 monoclonal antibody reacts with a 62K m.w. glycoprotein present on a subset of human T cells with the capacity to help or induce B cell differentiation. The present studies were undertaken to determine whether the T4 molecule itself plays any role in the helper function mediated by T4+ cells. Using a series of monoclonal antibodies (OKT4, OKT4A-E), which react with distinct noncompeting epitopes of the T4 molecule, we found that OKT4A and OKT4E, but not OKT4, antibodies inhibited the induction of B cell differentiation by T4+ cells. This inhibition was apparent when using nonirradiated or irradiated T4+ cells, and was noted over a wide range of concentrations. Importantly, inhibition occurred only if the antibody was present during the first 24 hr of cell culture, and the presence of antibody did not alter the kinetics of induction of B cell differentiation. Thus, these data suggest that the T4 molecule plays an early, critical role in cellular interactions required for helper cell function. PMID- 6228599 TI - Small, resting B cells can be induced to proliferate by direct signals from activated helper T cells. AB - We have investigated the role of T lymphocytes in the activation of small, resting B cells. Homogeneous populations of small human B cells were purified with a fluorescence-activated cell sorter by positive and negative immunofluorescent staining techniques. When these small B cells were cultured with mitogen-activated Leu-3+ T cells, significant B cell proliferation was observed. This T cell-dependent B cell proliferative response did not require cross-linkage of B cell surface immunoglobulin molecules or B cell exposure to the mitogens employed for T cell activation. Culture supernatants from activated helper T cells could neither induce small B cell proliferation nor augment the B cell response observed with limiting numbers of T cells. These data indicate that activated helper T cells can provide all the signals required for the activation and proliferation of small, resting B cells and suggest that direct T-B cell contact is a critical element for this T-B cell interaction. PMID- 6228600 TI - Modulation of mononuclear phagocyte function by intravenous gamma-globulin. AB - To assess the effects on mononuclear phagocyte function of i.v. gamma-globulin treatment in idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, we examined in vivo and in vitro mononuclear phagocyte function in 11 patients before and after therapy. All patients, both splenectomized and non-splenectomized, demonstrated a prolongation of in vivo clearance of autologous IgG-sensitized erythrocytes (p less than 0.01). Concurrent in vitro assessment of blood monocyte function showed decreased IgG-sensitized erythrocyte (EA) rosette formation (mean +/- SD: 31.6% +/- 8.2 vs 24.5% +/- 9.5; p less than 0.03) and decreased affinity of Fc receptor-specific IgG oligomer binding (9.9 +/- 16.3 vs 1.8 +/- 2.1 X 10(8) M-1; p less than 0.008), but no consistent change in the estimate of the maximum number of binding sites. Phagocytosis of two different EA probes was decreased (EhuA:0.49 +/- 0.26 vs 0.25 +/- 0.14 erythrocyte/monocyte/hr; p less than 0.02, EoxA: 1.76 +/- 0.66 vs 1.27 +/- 0.67 erythrocyte/monocyte/hr, p less than 0.05). The change in in vivo mononuclear phagocyte system clearance was significantly correlated with the change in the association constant for oligomer binding (r = 0.98, p less than 0.05). These data demonstrate that i.v. gamma-globulin infusions induce alterations of mononuclear phagocyte function that are not dependent on the presence of autologous serum containing infusate. The change in apparent Fc receptor affinity rather than receptor number may reflect an altered Fc receptor population with different binding properties. PMID- 6228601 TI - The murine lymphocyte receptor for IgE. I. Isolation and characterization of the murine B cell Fc epsilon receptor and comparison with Fc epsilon receptors from rat and human. AB - The Fc receptor for IgE (Fc epsilon R) on murine B lymphocytes was studied by using BALB/c mice infected 12 to 18 days previously with Nippostrongylus brasiliensis. B cells were enriched in the Sephadex G-10-passed lymphocytes by treating with anti-Thy-1.2 and complement (C). After stripping any cytophilic Ig with low pH, the B cells were 125I surface labeled; subsequently the membranes were solubilized with nonionic detergent, and putative Fc epsilon R components were allowed to bind to IgE-coated adsorbents. Bound radiolabel was eluted with low pH, and when examined by SDS-PAGE, was found to consist primarily of a relatively broad band centered at 49,000 m.w. (49K). Fluid-phase IgE could prevent the binding of the 49K component to the IgE solid-phase adsorbents. Rebinding studies further indicated that the 49K component exhibited a specificity for IgE, thus confirming that the 49K component was the murine B lymphocyte Fc receptor for IgE (Fc epsilon R). Some rebinding to rabbit IgG was observed, and by using 2.4G2, the monoclonal anti-Fc gamma 2b receptor (Fc gamma 2bR) antibody to isolate the IgG2b receptor, a clear distinction between the FC gamma 2bR and the 49K IgE receptor was demonstrated by SDS-PAGE analysis. Rabbit IgG was thus found to interact with both the 49K Fc epsilon R and the 59K FC gamma 2bR. The murine B lymphocyte Fc epsilon R was compared with the human B cell Fc epsilon R from the RPMI 8866 cell line and with the high affinity Fc epsilon R on rat basophilic leukemia cells by one- and two-dimensional gel analyses. The lymphocyte Fc epsilon R from mouse and human was found to be quite similar with respect to m.w. (45 to 50K) and isoelectric point (pI 4.5 to 5.0), whereas the basophil Fc epsilon R differed in both aspects. PMID- 6228602 TI - T cell-derived glucosteroid response-modifying factor (GRMFT): a unique lymphokine made by normal T lymphocytes and a T cell hybridoma. AB - Mouse spleen cells and a murine T cell hybridoma, FS6 14.13.1, produce a glucosteroid response-modifying factor (GRMFT) after stimulation with concanavalin A. GRMFT blocks glucosteroid suppression of helper T cell function and the growth of granulocyte/macrophage progenitor cells in vitro. IL 1 also protects helper T cells and myeloid precursors from glucosteroid suppression. This suggests that GRMFT and IL 1 act congruently to ensure that an effective immune response is generated when endogenous glucosteroid levels are elevated. To understand the role of GRMFT in normal immune responses and in disease states characterized by imbalances in the immune system, we began to purify and characterize GRMFT. GRMFT appears to be distinct from other well-characterized T cell-derived factors. GRMFT is larger than IL 2 as determined by gel exclusion chromatography and is completely separated from IL 2 by isoelectric focusing. Furthermore, purified IL 2 does not have GRMFT activity. Purified IL 3 also lacks GRMFT activity, and conditions that inactivate immune interferon have no effect on GRMFT. Thus, GRMFT is different from IL 2, IL 3, and immune interferon. GRMFT also lacks activity in the thymocyte co-mitogenic assay and is therefore different from IL 1. Finally, FS6 14.13.1 reportedly does not produce TRF or CSF, which suggests that GRMFT is different from these molecules as well. PMID- 6228603 TI - Influence of radiation field and fractionation schedule of total lymphoid irradiation (TLI) on the induction of suppressor cells and stable chimerism after bone marrow transplantation in mice. AB - When BALB/c mice received 17 daily fractions of 2 Gy each of total lymphoid irradiation (TLI, total dose 34 Gy) and 30 X 10(6) C57 B1 bone marrow cells (BM) on the day after the last fraction, stable bone marrow chimerism without signs of graft-vs-host disease (GVHD) was obtained in 84% of the animals. On the contrary, in BALB/c mice receiving only seven fractions of TLI (total dose 14 Gy), all bone marrow grafts were rejected. When the last two fractions of a 14-Gy TLI course were given without shielding the extra lymphatic tissues (combined total lymphoid + total body irradiation, TLBI), chimerism could be induced in 53% of the animals. When this 14-Gy TLBI schedule was used, it was even possible to administer four fractions per day (multiple fractions per day schedule, MFD), thus reducing the overall treatment time to 2 consecutive days. After this concentrated form of TLBI, chimerism was detected in 35% of the animals. As in the 34-Gy TLI schedule, graft-vs-host reaction could not be prevented in the 14 Gy TLBI schedule when spleen lymphocytes (10 X 10(6) were added to the BM inoculum. Leucopenia or suppression of the phytohaemagglutinin (PHA)-induced blastogenesis could not predict which schedule would result in a successful allogeneic bone marrow take. Suppressor cells of the mixed lymphocyte reaction, on the other hand, were only found in the spleen of BALB/c mice treated with the TLI or TLBI schedules, which also resulted in stable bone marrow chimerism. PMID- 6228604 TI - Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation in mice after total lymphoid irradiation: influence of breeding conditions and strain of recipient mice. AB - Different groups of C57BL/ka or BALB/c mice received a dose of 34 Gy or 42 Gy of fractionated total lymphoid irradiation (TLI) before bone marrow transplantation with 30 X 10(6) BALB/c or C57BL nucleated bone marrow cells, respectively. BALB/c mice that were not bred in specific pathogen-free conditions before TLI showed a high morbidity and mortality rate after 34 Gy of TLI and allogeneic bone marrow transplantation as compared with BALB/c or C57BL that were bred in pathogen-free conditions before irradiation. Many of the conventionally bred BALB/c mice had clinical and histologic signs of graft-vs-host disease after TLI and allogeneic bone marrow infusion. Although leucocytosis and lymphocytosis and the immunologic competence as measured with in vitro tests were equally depressed after 34 Gy TLI in BALB/c and C57BL mice, chimerism was nevertheless significantly easier to obtain in BALB/c mice. The incidence of chimerism after TLI could be enhanced in C57BL mice by increasing the total radiation dose from 34 to 42 Gy. This augmentation of chimerism was paralleled by the induction of more suppressor cells after 42 Gy of TLI in C57BL mice. PMID- 6228605 TI - New ultrastructural observations: parallel tubular arrays in human T gamma lymphoid cells. AB - T gamma cells are E-rosetting cells bearing Fc receptors for IgG (E+, Fc gamma + cells). Third population (non-T, non-B) lymphoid cells are also Fc gamma + cells and contain unique inclusions called parallel tubular arrays (PTA). Although T gamma cells and third population lymphoid cells should belong to a similar population of cells, previous ultrastructural studies on purified T gamma cells have failed to reveal the presence of PTA. In this study, we have unequivocally demonstrated PTA in the majority of T gamma cells using simple rosetting techniques. A total of 76 EA hu-rosettes and 108 EA ox-rosettes prepared from an E+ enriched fraction (using sheep erythrocytes as marker particles) were directly examined by electron microscopy. PTA were found in 87% of the EA hu-rosettes and 82% of the EA ox-rosettes. Ammonium chloride, commonly used in other laboratories to lyse erythrocytes during the purification procedure was found to cause a marked decrease in the number of ultrastructurally distinct PTA profiles. In contrast, hypotonic lysis had no effect on cellular ultrastructure. This study showed for the first time that T gamma cells are ultrastructurally similar to other Fc gamma + lymphoid cells and contain PTA as a distinct marker. The significance of our findings to the basic function of this E+ Fc gamma + lymphoid population is discussed. PMID- 6228606 TI - Bacteria-immune system interactions. IX. Modulation of human and murine cytotoxic reactions by crude lipoteichoic acid extracted from Staphylococcus aureus. AB - Crude lipoteichoic acid extracts of Staphylococcus aureus (SA-LTA) or Bacillus glogigii (Bg-LTA) inhibited cytotoxic reactions when added at day 0 to human or murine mixed lymphocyte reactions (MLR). The inhibition was dose dependent, and at low Sa-LTA concentrations it did not require reduction of thymidine incorporation into effector lymphocytes. In the murine system, Sa-LTA was a much more potent inhibitor than Bg-LTA. LTAs of both origin also could inhibit cytotoxic reactions when bound to stimulator cells. However, the LTA derivatized stimulator cells were much more inhibitory in the human than in the murine MLR. The inhibition of human cytotoxic reaction by Sa-LTA derivatized stimulator was not associated with a significant reduction of thymidine incorporation in effector cells. PMID- 6228608 TI - Undergraduate pedodontic teaching programme in Geneva. PMID- 6228609 TI - Excess circulating androgen levels in the pathogenesis of acne. PMID- 6228607 TI - Bacteria-immune system interactions. VIII. Modulation of human cytotoxic reactions by crude lipoteichoic acid extracts of Bacillus globigii. AB - Crude lipoteichoic acid (LTA)1 extracts were prepared from Bacillus globigii (Bg LTA). The addition of Bg-LTA to mixed lymphocyte reactions (MLR) produced a dose dependent inhibition of specific cytotoxic reactions and of tritiated thymidine (3H-TdR) incorporation. Much less Bg-LTA was needed to inhibit the initiation (addition at day 0) than the effector phase (addition at day 6) of the cytotoxic reactions. None of the LTA quantities used had a toxic effect on the lymphocytes. LTA pretreated stimulator cells also had a modulatory effect on the cytotoxic reactions. Stimulators pretreated with very low or very high LTA concentrations had no effect; however, pretreatment with intermediate concentrations induced a drastic inhibition of cytotoxicity. LTA pretreated stimulator cells did not significantly affect 3H-TdR incorporation. Suppression of the cytotoxic reaction could also be obtained by LTA-pretreatment of the effector cells. PMID- 6228610 TI - Concanavalin A distinguishes among diseases of altered epidermal differentiation. AB - Mannose-containing of glycoproteins from lesional tissue of several diseases of aberrant epidermal differentiation (palmar-plantar keratoderma, pachyonychia congenita, psoriasis, and epidermolytic hyperkeratosis) were analyzed by overlaying iodinated concanavalin A onto molecules separated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Gel autoradiograms showed that biopsy samples from patients with the same disease were very similar. The radioactivity profiles were different for each disease and were distinguishable from each other and from normal epidermis and callus. The resolution and sensitivity of this technique may be of diagnostic significance. PMID- 6228611 TI - Human mucosal Langerhans cells: postmortem identification of regional variations in oral mucosa. AB - Modified ATPase histochemistry was used to identify and count Langerhans cells (LC) in autopsy tissue from 8 oral mucosal sites, 8-20 h postmortem. The specificity of the ATPase method was confirmed on serial sections with indirect immunofluorescence using monoclonal antibodies OKT6 and antihuman Ia. Average LC counts on ATPase-stained epithelial sheets from each of the 8 sites ranged from 160-550 LC/mm2. Nonkeratinized mucosae of the soft palate, ventral tongue, lip, and floor of the mouth had the highest counts (mean +/- SD, 508 +/- 110 LC/mm2, n = 24), and keratinized mucosae of the hard palate and gingiva had the lowest counts (201 +/- 97 LC/mm2; n = 8). LC frequency was variable in 2 sites: In the dorsal tongue, LC occurred on only one side of filiform papillae and were absent from regularly recurring areas of interpapillary epithelium. In the cheek mucosa, LC clustered around connective tissue papillae and their numbers showed marked individual variation (130-650 LC/mm2). The number of LC in nonkeratinized oral mucosa is approximately the same as in skin, but keratinized oral mucosa has fewer LC. The frequency of oral mucosal LC varies inversely with the degree of keratinization. There are regions of the oral mucosa that have no LC. PMID- 6228612 TI - Suppression of sebum secretion with 13-cis-retinoic acid: effect on individual skin surface lipids and implications for their anatomic origin. AB - The contribution of the keratinizing epidermis to the human skin surface lipid film has been difficult to ascertain because, after its release from the epidermal cells, epidermally derived lipid inevitably becomes mixed with sebum. In the present study, the sustainable rates of production of the 5 neutral lipid classes found on the skin surface (triglycerides + free fatty acids, wax esters, cholesterol, cholesterol esters, and squalene) were measured on the foreheads of acne patients before, during, and following treatment with 13-cis-retinoic acid, a drug which suppresses sebum production profoundly. Since sebum production was high in the patients before treatment and was suppressed to a few percent of the pretreatment level in some of the patients during treatment, data covering a wide range of sebum production rates were obtained. By using squalene as a measure of sebum production and plotting the rates of production of the other lipid classes vs the rate of production of squalene, it was possible through extrapolation to estimate the residual (i.e., epidermal) rate of production of each lipid class at zero sebum production. The results indicated that epidermis releases triglycerides + free fatty acids and cholesterol to the skin surface. The cholesterol esters in freshly secreted skin surface lipids appeared to be almost entirely sebaceous in origin. Measurements were also made of the percentages of cholesterol esters in lipid collected from the scalp after several days' accumulation and were compared to corresponding values for the forehead lipid. The percentages of cholesterol esters in scalp lipid tended to rise when sebum production was suppressed by the drug, rather than remaining relatively constant as occurred in the freshly secreted forehead lipid. This result indicated that epidermis may contribute to skin surface cholesterol esters, probably through skin surface esterification of epidermal cholesterol. PMID- 6228613 TI - Immunomodulatory interactions of suppressor cells, cell-mediated immunity, and cyclophosphamide in experimental pyelonephritis. AB - The recent observation that the administration of cyclophosphamide, an immunosuppressive agent, leads to the eradication of bacterial infection in experimental pyelonephritis seems paradoxical. However, cyclophosphamide is also an immunostimulator and, on the basis of its known characteristics, could enhance cell-mediated immunity either by modulation of suppressor cell activity or by depletion of infection-induced suppressor cells. This study examined these alternatives and the relation between suppressor cells, cell-mediated immunity, and cyclophosphamide administration. Cyclophosphamide enhanced the resistance of lymphocytes to the activity of suppressor cells but did not enhance cell-mediated immunity. PMID- 6228614 TI - [Myocardial characteristics in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and myocardial hypertrophy due to essential hypertension observed in the early diastolic time intervals]. PMID- 6228615 TI - Familial aneuploidy in Louisiana. PMID- 6228616 TI - The relevance of problems encountered in attitudinal research: a personal perspective. PMID- 6228617 TI - The day the informality died. PMID- 6228618 TI - Chiropractic statistical survey of 100 consecutive low back pain patients. AB - One hundred consecutive patients with low back and/or lower extremity pain had the clinical data; including history, diagnosis, treatment and results of conservative manipulative therapy collected and tabulated on an IBM 370/138 computer at Indiana-Purdue University in Fort Wayne, Indiana utilizing the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) based on a standardized examination form. Various congenital, developmental and ergonomic factors in low back pain patients were collected and correlated for combinations of factors leading to back pain. Treatment methods and response to treatment as to time and patient visit numbers were determined. The frequency of congenital anomalies were found and those effecting or not effecting low back pain onset determined. Overall, 50% relief of low back and leg pain was obtained in 15.95 days and 10.8 visits average; maximum relief was found in 41.2 days, or 16.1 treatments. PMID- 6228619 TI - Chiropractic biomechanic evaluations: validity in myofascial low back pain. PMID- 6228620 TI - Cl--stimulated adenosine triphosphatase: existence, location and function. AB - The three universally accepted mechanisms of chloride transport across plasma membranes are: (i) sodium-coupled symport; (ii) anion-coupled antiport; and (iii) coupling to primary ion transport through electrical and/or chemical mechanisms. No direct evidence has been provided for primary chloride transport despite numerous reports of cellular, anion-stimulated ATPases and of chloride transport processes. Anion-stimulated ATPases are of mitochondrial origin and are a ubiquitous property of practically all animal cells. It also appears that there are other subcellular sites of anion-stimulated ATPase activity, especially the plasma membranes. Recent studies have provided indirect evidence (through parallel studies on the same tissue of anion-stimulated ATPase activity and chloride fluxes) which suggests a possible involvement of ATPase in net movement of chloride up its electrochemical gradient across plasma membranes. Further studies are required to substantiate a direct transport function to Cl- stimulated ATPases located in the plasma membrane. PMID- 6228621 TI - [Surgical approach to the upper part of the cervical internal carotid artery]. PMID- 6228622 TI - [Data on functional study in the diagnosis of acoustic neurinoma (apropos of 124 cases)]. PMID- 6228623 TI - [Radiologic diagnosis of acoustic neurinoma]. PMID- 6228624 TI - [Surgery of acoustic neurinoma]. PMID- 6228625 TI - [Otoliquorrhea in footplate surgery]. PMID- 6228626 TI - [Technical necessities in petromastoid evidement]. PMID- 6228627 TI - [Ionophoresis of the external auditory canal. Technic, indications]. PMID- 6228628 TI - [Juvenile otospongiosis in children and adolescents]. PMID- 6228629 TI - [Treatment of apparently primary malignant adenopathy of the neck]. PMID- 6228630 TI - [Pharyngolaryngectomy and total esophagectomy without thoracotomy, with reestablishment of digestive continuity simultaneously with a colon transplant. Preliminary note apropos of 2 cases]. PMID- 6228631 TI - [Treatment of traumatic ruptures of the tympanic membrane]. PMID- 6228632 TI - [Surgical correction of turkey neck]. PMID- 6228633 TI - [Personal technic and value of an operation with a functional purpose in major aplasias of the ear]. PMID- 6228634 TI - [A clinical case: foreign body migration]. PMID- 6228635 TI - [Diazanalgesia - a general anesthetic technic with spontaneous ventilation. Its value in laryngotracheal laser surgery. Observations apropos of 200 cases]. PMID- 6228636 TI - [Trial of gargling Betadine in the treatment of black tongue]. PMID- 6228637 TI - Fructosyltransferase activity of a glucan-binding protein from Streptococcus mutans. AB - Streptococcus mutans serotype c produces several extracellular proteins which bind to affinity columns of immobilized glucans. The proteins are three distinct glucosyltransferases and another glucan-binding protein (molecular weight 74000) which is now shown to be a fructosyltransferase. This enzyme is antigenically distinct and genetically independent of two other fructosyltransferases produced by the same organism. A mutant is described which lacks the glucan binding fructosyltransferase and has defective ability to form adherent colonies in the presence of sucrose. Although the production of glucans from sucrose results in the glucan binding protein becoming bound to the bacterial surface, and hence perhaps contributing to adherence, the fructans synthesized by the enzyme do not appear to contribute to this phenomenon. PMID- 6228638 TI - Purification and properties of extracellular glucosyltransferases from Streptococcus mutans serotype a. AB - Extracellular glucosyltransferases (sucrose: 1,6-alpha-D-glucan 3-alpha- and 6 alpha-glucosyltransferase) of Streptococcus mutans HS6 (serotype a) were purified from the culture supernatant by DEAE-Sepharose chromatography, ConA-Sepharose chromatography and chromatofocusing. The enzymes I and II with specific activities of 6.20 and 5.86 i.u. mg-1, respectively, exhibited slightly different isoelectric points (pI 4.5 and 4.2) and the molecular weights were estimated to be 161000 and 174000, respectively, by SDS-PAGE. The enzymes had the same optimum pH of 5.5 and the same Km values of 1.3 mM for sucrose and of 83 microM-glucose equivalent for dextran T10. By double immunodiffusion test on agar, these enzymes were immunologically identical to each other. Analysis by GLC of the glucans synthesized de novo from sucrose by the enzymes (I and II) established that they were 1,6-alpha-D-glucans with 20 and 24.5 mol% 1,3,6-branch points, respectively. Both are therefore bifunctional enzymes. PMID- 6228639 TI - Comparative study of Streptococcus mutans extracellular glycosyltransferases by isoelectric focusing. AB - Extracellular glycosyltransferases from 17 strains of Streptococcus mutans were examined by analytical isoelectric focusing. Three kinds of glucosyltransferase: highly-branched-1,6-alpha-D-glucan synthetase, 1,3-alpha-D-glucan synthetase and 1,6-alpha-D-glucan synthetase, were excreted from serotype a, d and g strains. The enzymes of serotype a strains were distinguishable from those of serotypes d and g by differences in their pI values. Serotype c, e and f strains excreted basic glucosyltransferase and acidic fructosyltransferase. Serotype b strains also excreted the glucosyl- and fructosyltransferases, but the pI values were different from those of the enzymes from the other serotypes. Thus, S. mutans strains could be divided into four groups by analytical isoelectric focusing of glycosyltransferases which corresponded well to the four genetic groups. PMID- 6228640 TI - Cytogenetic investigations on Werner's syndrome, Acrogeria and Keratosis Palmo Plantaris. AB - The frequencies of sister chromatid exchanges and of aspecific chromosome aberrations have been investigated in the lymphocytes from a Werner patient, from an Acrogeria patient and from three members of a family with Keratosis Palmo Plantaris. These investigations point out that: 1) the SCE frequency is significatively enhanced in Werner as in KPP lymphocytes, 2) the frequency of aspecific chromosome aberrations is increased only in Werner lymphocytes, without evidence of variegated translocation mosaicism. The findings confirm that SCE and chromosome aberrations do not necessarily result from the same genetic damage and that SCE may represent the cytological evidence of unexcised non fatal DNA lesions, which occasionally may be responsible for carcinogenesis. PMID- 6228642 TI - Viral and immunopathology in multiple sclerosis. PMID- 6228641 TI - The histochemistry of very small muscle fibres in growing skeletal muscles. AB - Serial sections of biceps femoris muscles from 10 rapidly growing pigs were reacted for succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) and myofibrillar adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) and were stained with silver to delineate the endomysial boundaries of their muscle fibres. The histochemistry of very small fibres (less than 0.001 mm2) was similar to that of surrounding fibres with a normal diameter. Of the small fibres, 71.5% had strong ATPase, 27.5% had weak ATPase, 22% had strong SDH, 23.8% had intermediate SDH and 54.1% had weak SDH reactions. Corresponding values for surrounding fibres with a normal diameter were 87.9% with strong ATPase, 11.8% with weak ATPase, 35.1% with strong SDH, 14.5% with intermediate SDH, and 50.5% with weak SDH reactions. An appreciable number of small fibres were histochemically unrelated to any of their surrounding fibres: 11.0% for ATPase, 12.8% for SDH, and 5.5% for both ATPase and SDH. The cross sectional shapes of small fibres were similar to those of their surrounding fibres. It was concluded that these small fibres were probably the tapered ends of intrafascicularly terminating muscle fibres rather than new muscle fibres formed by splitting. PMID- 6228644 TI - Occupational dermatitis among hairdressers. A multifactor analysis. AB - Dermatitis among hairdressers has been recognized as a significant occupational health problem but the occurrence, contributing factors, and control measures have not been comprehensively studied or reported. Consequently, an epidemiologic field study of dermatitis among hairdressers and its relationship to medical history of allergy, frequency of specific product use, sex, and number of years in hairdressing was conducted in the winter of 1982 in four southern New Jersey counties. Work practices and procedures were observed and chemical inventories taken during on-site visits to the participants' beauty salons. The data collected were complied and analyzed using a computerized log-linear statistical procedure. The association between the occurrence of dermatitis and a medically confirmed history of allergy is highly significant (p less than .001) and decreases with increasing numbers of years in hairdressing, indicating perhaps that highly susceptible individuals leave their jobs. There was no significant relationship between dermatitis and the levels of frequency of product use. Means of controlling and preventing occupational dermatitis among hairdressers are discussed. Because of the complexity and diversity of the chemical products used, further research is needed to explore the specific etiological factors of hairdresser's dermatitis. PMID- 6228643 TI - Impact of disability on families of stroke clients. AB - This was a descriptive study using a convenience sample to gain information regarding the impact of disability on the significant other. The study revealed that for, the most part, the subjects were coping well. The subjects had some difficulty with feeling overprotective of and overcommited to the disabled family member. Some felt that the disabled person took up too much of their time. The study showed (in a limited sense) that families are in need of social support and respite care. The subjects, due to their ages and marital status, had no need to seek new opportunities and the wives and husbands had much fewer problems coping than offspring or others. It was seen that counseling, assessment and community support of the family as a whole is necessary to ensure successful rehabilitation and a return of the patient to his pre-morbid home. The inclusion of the family in the rehabilitation process is important in making sure that the client reaches full potential and that the family itself does not suffer ill consequences due to stress and changes in role. PMID- 6228645 TI - Diagnostic index for Down syndrome. PMID- 6228647 TI - Performance of an electromagnetic flowmeter with six point electrodes. PMID- 6228646 TI - Alterations of glycosaminoglycans synthesized by chick embryo cartilage treated with 6-amino-nicotinamide. AB - Treatment of day-4 chick embryos with 6-aminonicotinamide (6-AN) impairs limb chondrogenesis and produces micromelia. However, treatment of day-10 chick embryos with 6-AN does not produce micromelia. In the present study, the glycosaminoglycan (GAG) biosynthesis in the cartilage isolated from the day-10 chick embryos treated with 6-AN in vitro and in the cartilage from the day-11 chick embryos treated with 6-AN in ovo at day-10 was examined. In the epiphyseal cartilage treated in vitro, the radioactivity incorporated into the GAG fraction was significantly decreased and the 35S/3H ratio in the GAG fraction and the molecular size of GAG chain were also decreased. However, the percent distribution of delta Di-0S was almost unchanged. In the epiphyseal and diaphyseal cartilage treated in ovo at day-10, the alteration in GAG biosynthesis was not observed except the reduction of the molecular size of GAG in epiphyseal cartilage. Furthermore, the biosynthetic activity of GAG in the process of recovery/repair was also examined using the micromelial cartilage isolated from day 11-chick embryos given 6-AN in ovo at day-4. In the diaphyseal cartilage, the radioactivity incorporated into the GAG fraction and the 35S/3H ratio were increased, whereas the percent distribution of delta Di-0S was almost unchanged. These results indicate that treatment of day-4 chick embryos with 6-AN produces the rebound phenomena in the diaphyseal cartilage isolated at day-11.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6228648 TI - Reflex responses at the human ankle: the importance of tendon compliance. AB - Subjects with active stretch reflexes responded to an imposed sinusoidal movement of the ankle joint with a reflex force whose amplitude and timing varied widely with changes in the frequency of movement. At some frequency between 6 and 8 Hz, the reflex force tended to offset the non-reflex component of resistance, and thus to reduce the total resistance to movement. At this frequency the reflex response was particularly vigorous, with a deep modulation of electromyogram (e.m.g.) activity and a displacement of the joint stiffness vectors far from their high frequency values. The total resistance to movement might then be small, or it might be zero, or the reflex might actually assist the movement. As the frequency of movement was decreased through this critical range, the timing of the reflex response to movement changed rapidly with an abrupt advancement of the triceps surae e.m.g. signal, and a wide separation of the joint stiffness vectors as they passed close to the origin. This result was attributed to a changing distribution of the movement between the muscle fibres and an elastic Achilles tendon. It was assumed that at most frequencies the muscle fibres resisted extension, so that a major part of the imposed movement went into stretching the tendon; when, however, at 6-8 Hz, the reflex response was so timed as to reduce or abolish the resistance of the muscle fibres, more of the movement would take place in them. The muscle spindles would 'see' this larger movement of the muscle fibres, and generate correspondingly more reflex activity. A simplified model of the muscle-tendon combination behaves in a way that supports this view, and the available information about the human Achilles tendon indicates that it is sufficiently compliant for such an explanation. Therefore, movements imposed on the ankle joint would not necessarily be 'seen' by the muscle spindles, since they would be modified by transmission through a compliant tendon. By assuming a value for the tendon stiffness, it was possible to calculate the course of movements that actually occurred in the muscle fibres and spindles. Records of these spindle movements indicated how some non-linearities might arise.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6228649 TI - Your CE topic this month (No. 8). Common dermatologic-drug reactions. PMID- 6228650 TI - Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia: prosthetic management and considerations. AB - The dentist should be aware of the signs, symptoms, and significance of hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia. A patient who had unusual involvement of the masticatory mucosa and for whom construction and function of complete dentures did not result in discomfort or oral bleeding is described. Dentures may have a positive effect on the size and number of telangiectasias. A gradual decrease in the size of a nodular lesion of the mandibular edentulous ridge is documented over a 3-year period. PMID- 6228651 TI - CO2 laser laparoscopy. A potential alternative to danazol in the treatment of stage I and II endometriosis. AB - Most clinicians currently agree that stage I and II pelvic endometriosis, as determined by the American Fertility Society classification, is best treated with danazol when there are no significant peritubal or periovarian adhesions. This therapy offers excellent pregnancy rates and avoids the risk of pelvic adhesions, which can occur after conservative laparotomy. However, the significant disadvantages of danazol include androgenic side effects, breakthrough bleeding, prolonged treatment time and high cost. It is not unheard of for a patient to choose laparotomy over danazol because of these disadvantages. An ideal form of therapy would avoid these disadvantages and be accessible at diagnostic laparoscopy, when the disease is detected. We have worked with such a treatment, the CO2 laser, for one year. With the CO2 laser adapted to the operating laparoscope we have treated stage I and II pelvic endometriosis at the time of the original diagnostic laparoscopy. Due to the precise control the operator has over the laser, implants on the peritoneum over the bladder and bowel or near the ureters can be treated safely. There is little danger of damaging adjacent structures, as one might experience with electrocautery. Ovarian endometriomas of less than 1 cm and mild adhesions can also be removed safely by tissue vaporization. PMID- 6228652 TI - Ruptured appendix after elective abortion. A case report. AB - Abdominal pain and fever after an uncomplicated elective abortion usually point to incomplete abortion and endometritis. We treated a woman for acute suppurative appendicitis one week after such an abortion. When fever, nausea, vomiting and pain are not relieved by the standard doses of medication, acute appendicitis must be added to the usual gynecologic differential diagnoses. PMID- 6228654 TI - Disabled artists: the canvas keeps getting larger. PMID- 6228653 TI - Translaparoscopic hemostasis with microfibrillar collagen in lieu of laparotomy. A report of two cases. AB - Laparoscopy has become an integral part of the gynecologist's armamentarium in the diagnosis and treatment of abdominopelvic conditions. Although it was originally designed only for diagnostic purposes, experienced laparoscopists are performing an increasing amount of surgery translaparoscopically, thereby avoiding the need for major surgical procedures, such as laparotomy. Evaluation of a source of active bleeding is a common indication for diagnostic laparoscopy. A suspected uterine perforation during dilatation and curettage requires such an investigation in most instances when active bleeding is suspected. We report two instances in which laparoscopic visualization identified a source of continuous bleeding at the uterine serosal surface following perforation during curettage. Translaparoscopic application of a microcrystalline collagen hemostatic substance (Avitene) was used to control bleeding at the hemorrhagic site and thus avoid a major abdominal surgical procedure. PMID- 6228655 TI - A four-county needs assessment of rural disabled people. PMID- 6228656 TI - Private rehabilitation and the rural client: four perspectives of a case study. PMID- 6228657 TI - Avenues and steps to do-it-yourself independence for the physically disabled. PMID- 6228658 TI - Attitudinal research and the Hispanic handicapped: a review of selected needs. PMID- 6228659 TI - Gardening as a rehabilitation adjunct. PMID- 6228660 TI - Perceived differences in the job potential of individuals with visible & nonvisible disabilities. PMID- 6228661 TI - Synthesis and biological activity of 5-fluoro-2',3'-dideoxy-3'-fluorouridine and its 5'-phosphate. AB - 5-Fluoro-2',3'-dideoxy-3'-fluorouridine (3'-FFdUrd) and 5-fluoro-2',3'-dideoxy-3' fluorouridine 5'-phosphate (3'-FFdUMP) have been synthesized, and their interactions with thymidine (dThd) phosphorylase and thymidylate (dTMP) synthetase, respectively, have been examined. 3'-FFdUrd is not a substrate for dThd phosphorylase, but is a weak, noncompetitive inhibitor (Ki = 1.7 mM). 3' FFdUMP inhibits dTMP synthetase competitively with deoxyuridylate (Ki = 0.13 mM) when both the substrate and inhibitor are present simultaneously. However, in the presence of 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate, the inhibition increases with time in a first-order manner (konobsd = 0.029 s-1). A complex is formed between [6-3H]3' FFdUMP and dTMP synthetase, which is isolable on nitrocellulose filters, and has a dissociation rate (koffobsd = 1.4 X 10(-2) min-1) similar to that of the potent inhibitor 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridylate (koffobsd = 1.3 X 10(-2) min-1) from its ternary complex with dTMP synthetase. These results are explained in terms of a two-stage model involving the initial formation of a reversible adsorption complex, followed by a slow conversion to a tight-binding catalytic complex. PMID- 6228662 TI - Huntington's disease in monozygotic twins reared apart. AB - Monozygotic twins, identical by serological studies, with Huntington's disease are described who were raised in separate households from birth. Age at onset, landmarks of the disease, and behavioural abnormalities were strikingly similar. Previously reported twin studies in Huntington's disease are reviewed. Twin data support the hypothesis that age at onset and several other clinical features of the illness are substantially determined by genetic mechanisms. PMID- 6228663 TI - Huntington's disease and leprosy in a New Guinea Highlander. AB - Huntington's disease (HD) was observed in a 45-year-old male Melanesian patient from the Eastern Highlands Province of Papua New Guinea. The patient had multiple peripheral nerve palsies as a result of tuberculoid leprosy and had been resident in the leprosy ward of Goroka Base Hospital for over 6 years. During this time his HD had remained undiagnosed. This is the first report of HD in the Highlands of New Guinea. PMID- 6228664 TI - Huntington's chorea arising as a fresh mutation. AB - A patient is reported in whom Huntington's chorea resulted from a new mutation. PMID- 6228665 TI - Communication of the diagnosis of Down's syndrome and spina bifida in Scotland 1971-1981. AB - A questionnaire completed by the mothers of 123 children with Down's syndrome and 109 children with Spina bifida, born over the past 10 years in Scotland has noted a marked improvement in the time of telling mothers of the diagnosis of Down's syndrome, 88% being told within a week of the birth. Only just over half of the mothers felt that the person telling them made a good job of the task, and most were told without their husband being present. Although both parents knew nothing about the particular handicap, one third of the Down's mothers and over a half of the mothers of Spina bifida children were given no further opportunity to ask more about the child or their feelings. This poor opinion of mothers on the ability of health professionals to tell them of their handicapped children indicates a need to incorporate special teaching on such situations in medical and nursing training, and to agree simple protocols within newborn units, so that such tragedies may be avoided. PMID- 6228666 TI - Traumatic rupture of the abdominal wall without evisceration. PMID- 6228667 TI - Nuclear magnetic resonance and transcutaneous electromagnetic blood flow measurement. AB - Static and alternating magnetic fields are employed in blood flowmeters using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) principles and electromagnetic induction by a moving conductor (TEM). Both techniques require high steady magnetic fields, obtained either from permanent magnets or from electromagnets. A relatively homogeneous magnetic field is needed for NMR, but, though important for calibration, homogeneity is not critical for TEM. NMR is more complex than TEM since it requires radio-frequency and audio-frequency magnetic fields. However, the TEM method requires surface electrodes in contact with the skin, or needle electrodes placed subcutaneously, whereas NMR is contactless. The NMR flowmeter can be calibrated directly, but appropriate and approximate models must be assumed and then solved by computer to quantify blood flow by the TEM flowmeter. Flow in individual vessels is measured a priori in the TEM flowmeter by virtue of the assumed models. To measure flow in individual vessels by NMR, a scanning or ranging method is required, which logically leads to blood flow imaging. The levels of steady, radio-frequency, and audio-frequency magnetic fields used in the two types of flowmeters are low enough so as not to cause any apparent stimulus to human volunteers and patients tested. PMID- 6228668 TI - Structure and inherent properties of the bacteriophage lambda head shell. IV. Small-head mutants. AB - Missense mutants of bacteriophage lambda that produce small proheads were found among prophage mutants defective in the major head protein gpE. Measurements of the sedimentation coefficient and molecular weight of the small proheads showed that they have the T = 4 structure composed of 240 molecules of gpE instead of the wild-type T = 7 structure composed of 420 molecules of gpE. When the phage mutants were grown in groE mutants of Escherichia coli, they produced small unprocessed proheads, which contained a smaller number (about 60) of the core protein (gpNu3) molecules than normal unprocessed proheads, which contain about 180 molecules of gpNu3. This shows that the major head protein determines the size of not only the shell but also the core of unprocessed proheads. These mutants by themselves produce very few mature small-headed phage particles, partly because the lambda DNA molecule, whose cos sites are separated at a distance of 48,500 bases, is too long to be packaged into the small proheads. However, the small proheads can package shorter DNA in vivo and in vitro at somewhat reduced efficiency, if the length or a multiple of the length between the cos sites of the DNA is 13,000 to 19,000 bases. PMID- 6228669 TI - Selective cloning of a DNA single-strand initiation determinant from phi X174 replicative-form DNA. AB - An M13 phage deletion mutant, M13 delta E101, developed as a vector for selecting DNA sequences that direct DNA strand initiation on a single-stranded template, has been used for cloning restriction enzyme digests of phi X174 replicative-form DNA. Initiation determinants, detected on the basis of clear-plaque formation by the chimeric phage, were found only in restriction fragments containing the unique effector site in phi X174 DNA for the Escherichia coli protein n' dATPase (ATPase). Furthermore, these sequences were functional only when cloned in the orientation in which the phi X174 viral strand was joined to the M13 viral strand. A 181-nucleotide viral strand fragment containing this initiation determinant confers a phi X174-type complementary-strand replication mechanism on M13 chimeras. The chimeric phage is converted to the parental replicative form in vivo by a mechanism resistant to rifampin, a specific inhibitor of the normal RNA polymerase-dependent mechanism of M13. In vitro, the chimeric single-stranded DNA promotes the assembly of a functional multiprotein priming complex, or primosome, identical to that utilized by intact phi X174 viral strand DNA. Chimeric phage containing the sequence complementary to the 181-nucleotide viral strand sequence shows no initiation capability, either in vivo or in vitro. PMID- 6228670 TI - The rights of infants with Down's syndrome. PMID- 6228671 TI - Chronic immune stimulation by sperm alloantigens. Support for the hypothesis that spermatozoa induce immune dysregulation in homosexual males. AB - Putative, sperm-induced allogeneic immunization was correlated with immune dysregulation in a study of 30 asymptomatic, monogamously paired homosexual males. Evidence for allogeneic immunization existed among 19 of 26 homosexual males who were anal sperm recipients. No evidence for any form of alloimmunization was found in four exclusive sperm donors. Immune dysregulation in the form of a reduced effector/suppressor T-cell ratio (Te/Ts less than 1.0) was exclusively documented in eight anal-sperm-recipient homosexual males, five of whom also manifested evidence for allogeneic immunization. In three of those, immune dysregulation was further manifested by functional T-cell deficiency in the form of a subnormal (less than 50 cu mm) local graft-v-host reaction. Similar evidence for alloimmunization was associated with a reduced Te/Ts ratio (0.85) in the female of a heterosexual couple who routinely practiced anal intercourse. Based on these findings, we suggest that chronic, repeated exposure to sperm during anal intercourse results in a high frequency of allogeneic immunization and may play an important role in the development of acquired immune dysregulation among homosexual males. PMID- 6228672 TI - Investigators widen inquiry into percutaneous angioplasty application. PMID- 6228673 TI - Future seems promising for coronary angioplasty. PMID- 6228674 TI - Narrowing the PTCA/surgery gap. PMID- 6228675 TI - 'Moto-stand' expands range of activities for disabled. PMID- 6228676 TI - The role of L-carnitine in the pathogenesis of cardiomegaly in patients with chronic hemodialysis. AB - Many reports have suggested that cardiac dysfunction with cardiomegaly is more often observed in patients with chronic hemodialysis. Moreover, cardiac dysfunction has been thought as one of the most important factors affecting the prognosis of these patients. In this study, in order to clarify the role of l carnitine in the pathogenesis of cardiomegaly, 33 patients with chronic hemodialysis were studied using the multivariate analysis method. Among the factors which may affect cardiac function, the following 10 variables were examined. 1) age, 2) duration of dialysis, 3) plasma carnitine, 4) serum total cholesterol, 5) serum HDL-cholesterol, 6) triglyceride, 7) systolic blood pressure, 8) diastolic blood pressure, 9) left ventricular voltage on a electrocardiogram at rest and 10) hematocrit. The plasma carnitine levels in these patients were markedly reduced and inversely correlated with the cardiothoracic ratio (CTR) on the chest X-ray films (r = 0.38, p less than 0.05). In principal component analysis, the CTR was closely related to hematocrit and plasma carnitine levels. By multiregression analysis, both hypo-carnitinemia and anemia were independently shown to be important causes of cardiomegaly. Thus, it is suggested that the cardiomegaly in patients with chronic hemodialysis may be improved by supplemental therapy with l-carnitine, even in cases with severe anemia. PMID- 6228677 TI - [Bacterial flora isolated from the cervical secretions of patients with acute gonorrhea and their sensitivities to spectinomycin and ampicillin]. AB - Subsequent to studies of clinical effects of spectinomycin (SPCM) and ampicillin (ABPC) given in combination on acute gonorrhea in female patients, sensitivity of N. gonorrhoeae to each of these antibiotics was determined. Furthermore, cervical discharge of female patients was searched for other organisms. Combined antimicrobial action of SPCM and ABPC were also examined. Aerobic and anaerobic organisms were obtained from cervical discharge of 20 cases of acute gonorrhea. The predominant aerobe (45%) was S. agalactiae, while the predominant anaerobes (combined 70%) were Peptococcus spp. and Peptostreptococcus spp.. The results indicate that mixed infections of N. gonorrhoeae and aerobic and anaerobic Gram positive cocci should be considered in acute gonorrhea in female. MICs of SPCM for 20 strains of N. gonorrhoeae were determined. SPCM showed MICs of 3.13 approximately 12.5 micrograms/ml against 10(8) and 10(8) CFU/ml. There were no strains with MICs of 25 micrograms/ml. ABPC had MICs of 0.2 micrograms/ml against 10(8)CFU/ml and 0.1 micrograms/ml against 10(8) CFU/ml. Five strains (25%), MICs of which were greater than or equal to 6.25 micrograms/ml against 10(8) CFU/ml and greater than or equal to 1.56 micrograms/ml against 10(6) CFU/ml, were all beta-lactamase producing. In vitro combined antimicrobial action of SPCM and ABPC is additive. PMID- 6228678 TI - [Structure of the erythrocyte membrane and metal ions]. PMID- 6228679 TI - [Extraosseous accumulation of 99m-Tc-MDP--with special reference to intratumor accumulation]. PMID- 6228680 TI - [Case of diabetic gangrene comparison among angiography, RI blood flow imaging and pathological findings]. PMID- 6228681 TI - [Bone scintigraphy of melorheostosis]. PMID- 6228682 TI - [Case of mycosis fungoides with S-100 protein-positive histiocytes]. PMID- 6228683 TI - [Case of operative transluminal coronary angioplasty (OTCA)]. PMID- 6228684 TI - [Blood circulation in healthy persons in the arid region of Turkmenia. I. Studies in the supine and orthostatic positions]. AB - The active orthostatic test was used to investigate 164 normal male residents of Ashkhabad during the cool season, 143 in summer and 66 during the transition period, i. e. first hot summer days. During the cool season, the pattern and markedness of orthostatic circulatory shifts in Ashkhabad residents were similar to those observed in moderate climate. In summer, orthostatic drop in systolic BP, cardiac index and circulating blood volume is more pronounced as compared to values of the cool season, while the rise in heart rate and diastolic BP is less pronounced. Orthostatic shifts are the most marked in the first hot days of summer: systolic BP, stroke and cardiac indices drop considerably, whereas diastolic BP and peripheral resistance to blood flow remain unchanged or slightly increase, with heart rate showing the most marked rise. PMID- 6228685 TI - [Determination of the temporal characteristics of tracer transport in hemodynamics studies]. AB - A novel method designed for processing the findings obtained from radionuclide studies of hemodynamics is proposed. This technique is based on the establishment of the mean time needed for the transit of the indicator through the studied physiological structure which is done by determining its transport function. Temporal division of information concerning the right and left departments of the heart suggested by the authors for the preliminary processing of radiocardiographic data has a number of advantages over the current techniques. The application of the proposed method for interpreting radiocardiograms in 74 patients with compromised circulation showed that the determination of the mean time of the indicator transit whose magnitude alters significantly depending on the severity of the disease enables the objective evaluation of the state of the physiological system studied. PMID- 6228686 TI - [Rheography in the evaluation of muscle tension symptoms in acute appendicitis]. PMID- 6228687 TI - [Myocarditis caused by Salmonella typhimurium]. AB - A 53-year-old man died on the eight day of an acute enteritis caused by Salmonella typhimurium. Clinical signs of shock were pronounced; the electrocardiogram, initially not pathological, showed a peripheral low voltage with decreased R-amplitudes and distinct disturbances in repolarization. Laboratory findings demonstrating Salmonella typhimurium in blood cultures and stools and 45% band forms in the differential count were remarkable. The autopsy showed deep, fibrin-covered ulcera in the colon area and a dense submucous lympho histiocyte cell infiltration. Histologically, a granulomatous myocarditis of the left ventricle with lymphocyte and histiocyte infiltration and a focal myolysis was observed. In the right ventricle, however, only a minimal interstitial edema was found. PMID- 6228688 TI - The reality of voluntary effort--a perspective from the developing world. PMID- 6228689 TI - School nurses' learning experiences related to providing services for mainstreamed orthopedically impaired children. PMID- 6228690 TI - The buddy system. An integral school health care plan. AB - The education for all Handicapped Children Act (Public Law 94-142) is both an education and civil rights law. As a result of the civil rights perspective of the law, students with chronic illnesses and disabilities are demanding access to public education. These students often require multiple services designed to meet their special health needs. It has become the responsibility of school personnel to assess these students and determine the best type of school health plan for them. This article is about the creation of a Buddy System used in an urban, middle school in grades six-eight for students ages 10-13. PMID- 6228691 TI - The effects of endurance and power training on skeletal muscle enzyme activities in young females. PMID- 6228693 TI - Streptozotocin prevents development of nitrosamine-induced pancreatic cancer in the Syrian hamster. AB - Administration of the nitrosamine carcinogen N-nitroso-bis (2-oxopropyl) amine (BOP) by subcutaneous injection (5 mg/kg/week) led to the development of invasive pancreatic ductular adenocarcinoma in 100% of normal Syrian hamsters by 24 weeks. Pretreatment of a second group of hamsters with the beta-cell toxin streptozotocin in a diabetogenic dose (50 mg/kg i.p. X 3) completely prevented the development of pancreatic cancer when BOP was subsequently administered. The mechanism of blockade by streptozotocin is unknown. This study suggests the potential importance of the endocrine pancreas in exocrine pancreatic carcinogenesis. PMID- 6228692 TI - Reduction of platelet deposition on vascular grafts using an antiplatelet graft coating technique. AB - The systemic use of platelet inhibitors has been shown to improve vascular graft function. In this study a biodegradable coating of polymeric polylactic acid (PLA) containing a microparticulate suspension of aspirin (ASA) 30% by weight, was applied to the lumenal surface of small diameter vascular prostheses to reduce platelet deposition on canine implanted arterial grafts. USCI 4-mm ID Dacron internal velour grafts were used. Coated and contralateral noncoated (control) prostheses were implanted in canine carotid and femoral arteries. Graft performance was assessed by determination of aspirin elution rates, in vivo red cell subtracted 111indium-labeled platelet scans, and post implant platelet aggregation studies. Eighty percent of the aspirin in the coated grafts was released during the first 24 hr of perfusion and approximately 20% of the aspirin remained in grafts after 1 month. In vivo platelet scans documented less platelet deposition on ASA-coated grafts when compared to controls 2 and 24 hr post implant (P less than 0.01, P less than 0.05, respectively). There was no significant difference in platelet deposition on ASA-coated and control grafts at 2 weeks or 1 month post implant. Post implant platelet aggregation studies indicated systemic platelet inhibition for 4-5 days. It was concluded that aspirin incorporation in a polylactic acid coating applied to 4-mm ID vascular prostheses reduced the platelet affinity of Dacron grafts and exerted a temporary local and systemic platelet inhibiting effect. PMID- 6228694 TI - Tumor specific reactivity during development of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea-induced rat colon cancer. AB - Invasive colon adenocarcinomas with lymph node metastases can be induced in Sprague-Dawley rats by 15 weekly intrarectal injections of 2 mg N-methyl-N nitrosourea (NMU). Extracts were prepared from invasive adenocarcinomas and normal rat colon mucosa by a 2 phase gradient. Mixed leukocyte tumor interaction (MLTI) assays stimulating lymphocytes from tumor-bearing and normal rats were performed using these extracts. Quadruplicate cultures were established with 2 X 10(5) lymphocytes and tumor or normal colon extract. Cultures were pulsed with H3 thymidine at 7 days and harvested 6 hours later. Results were expressed as net counts (experimental CPM minus background CPM). Reactivity in tumor-bearing animals was first seen when rat colons showed intraepithelial dysplasia histologically and was maximal when early invasive colon tumors were present. No difference in stimulation was seen between tumor-bearing and normal animal lymphocyte reactivity with normal colon extract. In conclusion, animals with NMU induced rat colon cancer show specific tumor reactivity in MLTI assays. Immune reactivity in these animals may provide clues to clinical tumor status by immunologic assay. PMID- 6228695 TI - Characterization of cardiac microsomal sarcoplasmic reticulum prepared from control and diabetic rats. AB - A method for the preparation of cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) from rat heart is described. SR isolated from control and diabetic rats was characterized to determine if differences in calcium transport activity could originate as an artifact of preparation. Electron micrographs of cardiac SR preparations isolated from control and diabetic rats were indistinguishable. The yeild of SR and the mitochondrial membrane contamination were similar in both preparations. These results suggest that depression in diabetic rat cardiac SR microsomal function is not due to nonspecific alterations in the membrane preparations used. PMID- 6228696 TI - Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty in patients with prior coronary artery bypass grafting. AB - Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) has been used to treat patients with prior coronary artery bypass grafting who have stenosis of a saphenous vein graft and/or a native artery. During 53 months, 61 patients underwent 105 angioplasty attempts. Eighty lesions (76%) were successfully dilated in 46 of 61 patients (75%). Success in a patient was determined by a greater than or equal to 20% decrease in the percent diameter stenoses coupled with an improved clinical response; 52 patients had one prior CABG and nine patients had two or more prior CABGs. Multivessel disease was present in 56 patients (92%). A vein graft stenosis was successfully dilated in 26 of 33 cases (79%)--19 of 25 (76%) at an anastomotic site and seven of eight (88%) in the graft body. An arterial stenosis was successfully dilated in 37 of 52 cases (71%) -18 of 22 (82%) in the left anterior descending, 13 of 22 (59%) in the circumflex, 21 of 26 (81%) in the right coronary, and two (100%) in the left main coronary artery. There is no statistically significant difference in the incidence of success in dilating a vein graft or native artery. Complications included: one emergency CABG (1.6%), three myocardial infarctions (4.9%), and two deaths (3.3%). There were 15 unsuccessful PTCAs: Ten patients had elective CABG, one had emergency CABG, two received medical treatment, and two died. Forty-six patients are being followed-up: Twenty-eight (61%) continue to do clinically well, seven (15%) had another PTCA and remain well, and 10 (16%) had elective CABG because of restenosis and/or disease progression. There was one late death and one late myocardial infarction. Thus, 35 patients (57%) had continued clinical success without the need for repeat CABG; 89% had no angina or improved angina, and 90% had improved exercise treadmill results. PTCA is technically feasible in selected patients with prior CABG and can achieve a clinical response with an acceptable complication rate when compared to repeat CABG. PMID- 6228697 TI - Mechanisms responsible for reduced in vitro immunoglobulin secretion in aged humans. AB - Age-related changes in the processes involved in T cell dependent polyclonal B cell activation in man were studied by comparing immunoglobulin (Ig) produced in autologous T:B (E+:E-) cell cultures of young and old donor pairs with Ig produced in crossover cultures. Each young and old donor was classified as a responder or a non-responder based on Ig levels in autologous pokeweed mitogen activated T:B cultures. The data indicate that: (1) T suppressor influences are a major determinant of non-response in the young; (2) T cells of nonresponder old donors can support high levels of Ig secretion by young donors' B cells; (3) low response to pokeweed mitogen stimulation in the elderly may reflect either direct refractoriness of B cells to T cell dependent stimulation, heightened B cell sensitivity to suppressor signals, or a combination of the two. PMID- 6228698 TI - The locus coeruleus and its possible role in ageing and degenerative disease of the human central nervous system. AB - The central noradrenergic pathways with the mammalian brain are principally based on that group of nerve cells within the reticular substance of the upper pons known as the locus coeruleus. The physiological role of these nerve cells appears to be one of maintaining homeostasis within the central nervous system, whatever adverse conditions prevail in the rest of the body, through governing the flow of blood through, and degree of water permeability of, the capillary bed. The extensive ramifications of these noradrenergic terminals mean that the atrophy and loss of nerve cells from locus coeruleus that occurs in old age, and especially so in degenerative diseases of the central nervous system such as Alzheimer's disease and other conditions, will have widespread repercussions for brain function. The chain of physiological disturbances set up as a result of this cell loss may mean a progressive failure of homeostasis within the brain, which in the extreme may culminate in that pattern of mental breakdown which is usually termed dementia. PMID- 6228699 TI - Disability and patient satisfaction with medical care. AB - The effect of patients' health status on their satisfaction with medical care should be well understood before individual providers of care are evaluated using patient satisfaction as a criterion. This paper examines how disability is associated with patients' dissatisfaction with medical care services provided by doctors in primary care. Measures of patient satisfaction developed by Roghmann and his colleagues using multidimensional scaling (MDS) were included in a survey of 1,245 respondents living in the London Borough of Lambeth. The measures included attitudes toward the medical profession (general satisfaction) and satisfaction with patients' own provider or regular source of care (specific satisfaction). Disability was assessed using a British version of the Sickness Impact Profile. Consistent with findings from other studies, the majority of respondents expressed satisfaction with most aspects of care, except for doctor availability in an emergency, preventive teaching, and aspects of communication. Replication of the MDS analysis on this study population yielded an overall measure of general satisfaction, and three submeasures of specific satisfaction labelled access, quality, and recent experience. These dimensions also emerged from a content analysis of responses to an open-ended question. Respondents with a higher level of disability were more likely to be dissatisfied with all three aspects of specific satisfaction. Other social and medical factors, such as sex, social class, medical conditions, self-rating of health, social support, and adverse life events, were significantly related to one or more measures of specific satisfaction. Because disability can influence satisfaction with medical care received from specific doctors or practice settings, attempts to use satisfaction measures for evaluating specific services or providers should distinguish between patient groups with different physical and psychosocial disabilities. Multidimensional satisfaction measures with both positively and negatively worded items anchored to recent and specific consultations would prove more reliable, valid, and useful in future studies. PMID- 6228700 TI - [Technics of interventional radiology and their application]. PMID- 6228701 TI - Testing times for women in body lab. PMID- 6228702 TI - [The G. K. Petrova, Hero of the Soviet Union and Sergeant Major of the Military Service, Kerch Medical School]. PMID- 6228703 TI - Elevated L-xylulose concentrations in serum: a difference between type I and type II diabetes. AB - L-Xylulose, which can be derived from glucose directly or from mucopolysaccharide degradation, was measured in serum samples from 61 diabetics and 42 controls. All serum samples from the controls were negative for L-xylulose. Fifteen of 30 adult onset diabetics, in contrast to only four of 31 juvenile-onset diabetics, had detectable L-xylulose levels. This difference between adult-onset and juvenile onset diabetics was significant at the 0.001 level. Detectability of L-xylulose in serum did not appear to be influenced by the fasting mean or peak serum concentration of glucose. Mean serum concentrations of growth hormone did not correlate with L-xylulose levels. The reason for the variation of L-xylulose between type-I and type-II diabetic subjects could not be identified. We would postulate a variation in the degradation of glycosaminoglycan. These results support the view that type-I and type-II diabetes are different diseases. PMID- 6228704 TI - Immunochemical identification of membrane proteins after sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. PMID- 6228705 TI - Proteins involved in membrane--cytoskeleton association in human erythrocytes: spectrin, ankyrin, and band 3. PMID- 6228706 TI - Biomembranes. Part K: Membrane biogenesis: assembly and targeting (prokaryotes, mitochondria, and chloroplasts). PMID- 6228707 TI - Phage lambda receptor (lamB protein) in Escherichia coli. AB - The main properties of the lambda receptor are summarized in the table. Because these can be studied by a combination of genetic, biophysical, and biochemical techniques, the lambda receptor now appears to represent one of the best systems for study of structure-function relationships in a membrane protein. In addition, as explained in this volume, it also constitutes a good system for study of the export of proteins to extracytoplasmic locations. PMID- 6228708 TI - Isolation and characterization of mutants of Escherichia coli K12 affected in protein localization. PMID- 6228709 TI - Biosynthesis and assembly of nuclear-coded mitochondrial membrane proteins in Neurospora crassa. PMID- 6228710 TI - Synthesis and assembly of subunit 6 of the mitochondrial ATPase in yeast. PMID- 6228711 TI - Preparation and use of antibodies against insoluble membrane proteins. PMID- 6228712 TI - Processing of mitochondrial polypeptide precursors in yeast. PMID- 6228713 TI - Near-ultraviolet radiation blocks SOS responses to DNA damage in Escherichia coli. AB - Escherichia coli cells in which the recA promoter is fused to a lac structural gene, (Mu) Mud(Ap,lac)::rec, were irradiated with two far-ultraviolet light wavelengths (254 and 290 nm), selected monochromatic near-ultraviolet (NUV) wavelengths 313 nm, 334 nm, 365 nm, or broad band solar-UV (290-420 nm) from a solar simulator. Irradiation with the two far-ultraviolet wavelengths was followed by high yields of beta-galactosidase, lambda prophage induction, and Weigle reactivation. These end points were not observed after irradiation with the selected NUV wavelengths or the broad spectrum solar-UV. Thus, neither broad spectrum solar-UV nor monochromatic NUV wavelengths resulted in the derepression of the recA promoter. Further, prior exposure of the cells either to the selected monochromatic NUV wavelengths or to solar-UV inhibited (a) the induction of beta galactosidase by subsequent 254-nm radiation, (b) subsequent 254-nm induction of lambda prophage, (c) Weigle reactivation, and (d) mutation frequency. These observations are consistent with the hypothesis that NUV blocks subsequent recA protease action. PMID- 6228714 TI - An investigation of the attitudes of medical students to physically disabled people. AB - A study was carried out to investigate the change in attitudes towards physically disabled people of a group of fifty-eight medical students during the first 3 years of their course. The students attended a newly established medical school which has developed a curriculum without the traditional division into preclinical and clinical years and where contact with patients occurs from the first year. Results demonstrated that, as expected, at the start of the course the attitudes of females towards disabled people were more positive than those of males. Also, a significant change in attitudes was found after 3 years, both males and females demonstrating more positive attitudes toward physical disability. The differences between males and females were maintained. The relationship between these students' attitudes and their behaviour was discussed and proposals for further research to investigate this are outlined. PMID- 6228715 TI - Alterations of renal tubular cell metabolism in acute renal failure. PMID- 6228717 TI - [Interaction of bacterial flagella with myosin]. AB - The interaction of isolated flagellar filaments of Bacillus brevis var. G.-B. P+ with skeletal muscle myosin has been investigated. Bacterial flagellar filaments co-precipitate with myosin at low ionic strength (at the conditions of myosin aggregation). Addition of bacterial flagellar filaments to myosin led to inhibition of its K+-EDTA- and Ca2+-ATPase activity, but had no influence on Mg2+ ATPase. Monomeric protein of bacterial flagella filaments (flagellin) did not co precipitate with myosin and had no influence on its ATPase activity. The flagella filaments did not co-precipitate with myosin in the presence of F-actin if it was mixed with myosin before the filaments. If the flagella filaments were added to myosin solution before the addition of F-actin the amount of filaments and actin in myosin precipitate were comparable. In this case the presence of flagella filaments decreased activation of myosin Mg2+-ATPase by actin to 25-30%. Thus the bacterial flagellar filaments are able to interact with myosin and modify its ATPase activity. Probably, these properties of filaments are caused by resemblance of flagellin and actin. For instance, the unique origin of these proteins may be the reason of such resemblance. PMID- 6228716 TI - Allosteric regulatory properties of muscle phosphofructokinase. AB - We have reviewed the allosteric regulatory properties of skeletal muscle phosphofructokinase and recent results on the phosphorylation of this enzyme. The number and affinities of various ligand binding sites are described, and a simple three state model is presented to explain the kinetic and ligand-binding properties of the enzyme. Data describing a lack of fit to a concerted transition model are presented. The widespread occurrence of partial phosphorylation of phosphofructokinase at a specific site near the carboxyl terminus is documented, as well as the lack of significant kinetic consequences of such phosphorylation. PMID- 6228719 TI - Guinea-pig peritoneal macrophage receptor for IgG--II. Purification of the receptor and its partial characterization. AB - The Fc gamma receptor of guinea-pig peritoneal macrophages was purified by affinity chromatography by using rabbit IgG or guinea-pig IgG2 coupled to Sepharose. Lysates prepared by treatment of 125I-labeled macrophages with NP-40 were first applied to BSA-Sepharose and then to IgG-Sepharose and eluted with 0.5 M acetic acid containing 1% NP-40. The specific binding was determined by interaction of the 125I-labeled receptor with IgG-Sepharose in the presence and absence of soluble IgG. The specific binding of the purified receptor was 42-82%. Interactions of the purified receptor with IgG-Sepharose were equally well inhibited by soluble rabbit IgG or guinea-pig IgG2, but not by F(ab')2 fragments. Inclusion of NP-40 in the buffer used in the assay reduced nonspecific binding of the receptor to the affinity gels. The purified receptor can be stored for 20 days at 4 degrees C without a significant loss of the specific binding activity. Analysis of the receptor by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, under nonreducing and reducing conditions, revealed two major peaks of radioactivity corresponding to mol. wts of about 50,000 and 25,000, and one very minor peak corresponding to a mol. wt of about 30,000. The results obtained suggest that the protein of the second major peak is a product of the dissociation of the protein of the first major peak rather than a product of its reduction by 2 mercaptoethanol. PMID- 6228718 TI - Differential expression of porcine major histocompatibility DNA sequences introduced into mouse L cells. AB - The expression of a porcine genomic DNA segment containing a major histocompatibility gene and its chromatin structure in mouse L cells have been investigated. The transformed cells, which contain about two copies of the 17.8 kilobase pig DNA insert per haploid genome, stably and uniformly express major histocompatibility antigen on their surfaces. This expression is the result of differential transcription of the 3-kilobase major histocompatibility gene; the other 14 kilobases of pig sequences flanking the coding sequence are not transcribed. Although the entire pig DNA segment is packaged into nucleosomes, only the transcriptionally active DNA sequences are packaged in a DNase I sensitive conformation. These results suggest that the expression of this foreign DNA is actively regulated in L cells. PMID- 6228720 TI - Potentiation of factor H by heparin: a rate-limiting mechanism for inhibition of the alternative complement pathway. AB - The mechanism by which heparin inhibits the alternative complement pathway (ACP) by a fluid-phase activator, CoVF, has been studied. Results presented here indicate that heparin's major (rate-limiting) effect on the fluid-phase activation of the ACP was to potentiate Factor H activity. Such an effect results in a very efficient inhibition of C3b and C3bBb function and restriction of subsequent complement activation and hemolytic activity. Evidence was obtained to indicate that soluble heparin H shifted anodally. Assuming that the rate-limiting inhibitory effect of heparin is to potentiate Factor H, then C3-converting complexes such as CoVF-Bb, which do not require C3b for activity, should not be effected by heparin. Indeed, the inhibitory effect of heparin on C3 conversion in EGTA-Mg2+ serum-CoVF mixtures was lost with a prolonged incubation time (i.e. 60 90 min at 37 C). This finding indicated that with time ACP-mediated cleavage of C3 was able to bypass the heparin-mediated inhibitory step. From these studies it is suggested that heparin restricts the C3-converting activity due to soluble C3bBb complexes but not the C3 conversion due to CoVF-Bb complexes. Heparin mediated restriction of the ACP activation by CoVF was used to calculate the relative percentages of C3 conversion due to C3bBb or CoVF-Bb complexes. In carefully controlled experiments, heparin could not prevent the spontaneous conversion of C3 which occurs upon removing functional Factor H from the sera. Addition of isolated Factor H restored heparin's inhibitory effect on the ACP. Kinetic studies of heparin's inhibition of ACP-mediated lysis of rabbit erythrocytes indicated that heparin's inhibitor functions did not occur until after the addition of an ACP activator. Each of these findings is consistent with the postulate that the major (rate-limiting) effect of heparin on the ACP is to potentiate the function of Factor H on activated C3b. PMID- 6228721 TI - The role of non-immune IgG in controlling IgG-mediated effector functions. AB - The majority of evidence supports the conclusion that IgG-dependent effectors respond to antibodies which have been polymerized artificially or by polyvalent antigens, but not to monomeric IgG antibodies. Effectors can distinguish polymerized IgG antibodies from monomeric IgG because they contain multiple receptor units and can interact multivalently with polymerized IgG. However, monomeric IgG is present at very high concns in plasma and interstitial fluids and will inhibit multivalent interactions in vivo between polymerized antibody and effectors. Such inhibition raises the question of how IgG-mediated effector responses could function in vivo. In this review we present a mathematical model which quantitatively predicts how polyvalent ligands interact multivalently with receptors in the presence of excess monovalent ligand. We then show that results from experiments in vitro using such diverse systems as the binding and endocytosis of immune complexes by macrophages, complement-mediated lysis of antibody-coated target cells, and ADCC can be explained qualitatively by the model. We conclude that monomeric IgG does not totally inhibit IgG-mediated effector functions but, rather, raises the threshold of antibody binding which is required to elicit a response. We then consider how non-immune IgG may serve as a homeostatic regulator of IgG-dependent responses, in vivo, perhaps for the purpose of inhibiting responses to low levels of cell-bound IgG autoantibodies. PMID- 6228722 TI - Quantitative histochemical investigation of rat salivary gland at different age stages of involution of the endocrine system. AB - A complex quantitative histochemical investigation of the submandibular salivary glands in female albino rats at different age periods (4-5 month, 12 to 14 month- and 20 to 25 month-old) revealed some structural and functional changes during the oestrus cycle. The animals were grouped according to the age changes of the endocrine system. The salivary glands were sensitive to hormonal balance changes at all age periods but their metabolic interrelations varied. The functional changes in the salivary glands of young rats were accompanied by synchronous changes in the indices of energy, synthesis and transport metabolism. The gradual increase of disintegration of the endocrine system resulted in the uncoupling between the indices of the parenchyma and the microcirculation, as well as between nucleo-cytoplasmic relationships and intracellular transport processes in the salivary glands. That was a condition under which the impairment of cellularly excretory processes occurred (secretory stasis). The intercalated ducts and the striated tubules were especially sensitive to hormonal balance fluctuations which is consistent with the hypothesis of the endocrine nature of their function. PMID- 6228723 TI - The shaping of the mesometrial proamniotic cavity in the mouse. Are there various mechanisms? AB - The existence of an alternative pathway of the shaping of the mesometrial proamniotic cavity (based upon the examination of several hundreds 6-day mouse embryos), which occurs more frequently than mentioned by other authors, is described. The observed pathway begins with the invagination of the mesometrial pole of the implanted blastocyst, the early proamniotic cavity thus communicating with the uterine lumen. Subsequently, it is occluded by the ectoplacental cone. The phylogenetic aspects of these observations are discussed. PMID- 6228724 TI - Ultrastructural development features of the human glomerular basement membrane. AB - In the human embryo, the basement glomerular membrane appears early, at about ten weeks of age. The study of 36 human embryos aged 8-20 weeks revealed many arguments suggesting the epithelial origin of the basement membrane of the visceral capsula. PMID- 6228725 TI - Lung pathogenesis. IV. Persisting pathogens and accumulative-proliferative cellular reactions in chronic lung processes (a systemic approach). AB - Persistence of pathogens within lung structures is due to the co-operation of the impairment of local defence means, of the aerial concentration and of the immunopathogenic component of processes. The action of pathogens, analysed in the framework of factor assemblies determining the process sequences, induced, as the most frequent reaction, cell proliferation and accumulation with the insertion of chemotactically retained circulating cells and their homing within alveolar wall interstitia and peribronchovascular sheets. The relations between the different inserting cells and the local ones are analyzed, with emphasis upon the derepression of local mechanisms of the steady state, secondary proliferation of both local and newly inserted cells, and current evolution to fibrosis. PMID- 6228726 TI - Ultrastructural peroxidase pattern indicating cellular maturity in myelomonocytic leukaemia. AB - The ultrastructural pattern of endogenous peroxidase of monocytes has been investigated in bone marrow samples as well as in the blood of patients labelled as myelomonocytic leukaemia (MML) after clinical and laboratory investigation. The predominance or the exclusive presence of a granular pattern in the bone marrow proved to be consistent with chronic MML cases. On the other hand, the presence of the peroxidase in RER, nuclear envelope, Golgi complex and granules in the bone marrow and even in the peripheral blood occurred in acute MML patients. PMID- 6228727 TI - Stroma-parenchymal relationships in gastric ulcer and cancer operatory specimens. AB - A quantitative analysis of relationships between stroma and parenchyma was performed in 30 cases of antral gastric ulcer, 30 cases of operated duodenal ulcer and 30 cases of operated gastric carcinoma; as controls there were used stomach specimens from three healthy youths, aged 20-22 years, dead in traffic accidents. Morphometric and gravimetric methods were used. In the deep layers of the gastric mucosa, the quantitative estimation generally inclines in favour of the parenchyma (accompanying gastritis), in the normal mucosa the gravimetric ratio is maintained close to the unit, and the cell count reveals predominance of the parenchyma. PMID- 6228728 TI - Simmonds' disease following chronic sclerosing hypophysitis. AB - A case of Simmonds' disease following chronic sclerosing hypophysitis is described in a moderately confused, 54-years-old woman in an extremely advanced cachexia. The patient died four days later in cardio-respiratory failure. The anterior lobe of the hypophysis showed dense, interlacing bands of fibrosis delineating small areas of atrophic pituitary cells. More than four-fifths of the anterior hypophyseal lobe was replaced by fibrosis or dense scarring. A scarce lymphocytic infiltrate between the fibrous bands was noted. The liver showed advanced fatty changes. An interesting finding was the presence of a chronic lymphocytic infiltrate in the adrenals. The association of chronic adrenalitis and sclerosing hypophysitis could be interpreted as an autoimmune endocrinopathy. PMID- 6228729 TI - Fine structure of lipid storage in epithelial cells lining bile ducts in Niemann Pick's disease. AB - Lipid lamellated vacuoles have been found in epithelial cells lining bile ducts in a case of Niemann-Pick's disease. The lipidic vacuoles were few and small within these cells and were placed in the cell apical area. PMID- 6228731 TI - Neuropsychiatrical implications of the state of war. PMID- 6228730 TI - Morphophysiological studies in experimental myocardial aggressions with isoproterenol. Note I. Morphological aspects. AB - The morphopathogenesis of lesions induced by high doses of isoproterenol injected for 1-7 days and 1-3 months is dynamically studied in groups of Wistar rats and guinea pigs. The disseminated myocardial necroses induced were of a hypoxic nature. By cicatricial substitutions, lesions of cardiosclerosis similar to those observed in pheochromocytoma cases were obtained. PMID- 6228732 TI - [T-cell subpopulation in male homosexuals and patients with hemophilia and von Willebrand's syndrome]. PMID- 6228733 TI - Perturbations of cell-cycle progression in gamma-irradiated ataxia telangiectasia and Huntington's disease cells detected by DNA flow cytometric analysis. AB - The effects of ionizing radiation on cell-cycle progression in lymphoblastoid cell lines derived from ataxia telangiectasia (AT) and Huntington's disease (HD) patients, and from normal individuals, were studied using DNA flow cytometric analysis. A dose of 100 rad gamma irradiation blocked a proportion of normal and HD cells in G1. A higher radiation dose applied to normal cells increased the number of cells blocked in G1 and significantly delayed cells which were in S at the time of irradiation from reaching G2 DNA content. The reduced cumulative mitotic index in irradiated cultures of normal cells 2 h after irradiation suggests that cells in G2 at the time of irradiation are delayed before entering mitosis. After irradiation HD cells responded similarly to normal cells except that a greater proportion of HD cells were blocked in G1. AT cells do not show the normal delay in progression from G1 to S, or from S to G2 in the first cycle after irradiation. The cumulative mitotic index was reduced in irradiated cells, implying that they are delayed in G2. Thus AT cells did not recognize or respond to signals from damaged DNA which in normal and HD cells caused a proportional block in G1 and an S-phase delay. The only point of arrest in cell-cycle progression in irradiated AT cells was in G2. PMID- 6228735 TI - [Nail alternariosis]. PMID- 6228734 TI - Assay of cytotoxicity and mutagenicity of alkylating agents by using Neurospora spheroplasts. AB - A system relying on the use of Neurospora crassa spheroplasts has been developed for the assay of cytotoxicity and mutagenicity of chemical compounds. Mutagenicity was assayed by using reversion of alleles in the am gene selected to recognize certain specified transitions and also undefined point mutations. Cytotoxicity was quantified by measuring a 'cytotoxicity parameter', m, which appears in the exponential function that fits the survival/dose curve for each compound (under standard incubation conditions). Of the compounds tested, nitrogen mustard (Cl(CH2)2 NMe(CH2)2Cl) was cytotoxic and non-mutagenic, and ethyl nitrosourea was highly mutagenic but not cytotoxic. Of the remaining compounds tested, methyl nitrosourea, butadiene diepoxide, and cis platin (cis diammonia platinum II chloride) all showed comparable mutagenicity per survivor, although the values of m covered a wide range. Differences were found between the different compounds in the effects of the uvs-2 allele on survival and on the preponderance of G to A transitions. PMID- 6228736 TI - The cost of underutilization. Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty for peripheral vascular disease. AB - Despite the considerable literature on the overuse of new medical technologies, little attention has been paid to the biologic and monetary costs that may be incurred by underuse. Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty as a treatment for peripheral vascular disease is an example of an important technology that has been underused. Although angioplasty alone is less costly but also less efficacious than surgery, a strategy that combines the two procedures (angioplasty first, then surgery if angioplasty is unsuccessful or if occlusion recurs) is uniformly superior to surgery alone in patients who have lesions for which angioplasty can be considered. From a nationwide perspective, if 40 per cent of all patients with iliac or femoral disease (or both) requiring intervention were treated with the combined strategy, there would be an estimated savings (as compared with surgery alone) of 352 lives and $82 million, as well as an additional 5006 patent limbs. Despite these advantages, the use of angioplasty during the period under consideration (up to 1980) was limited, possibly because of the mechanism of patient triage and the inertial forces that operate when a therapeutic method that appears effective--even if more complex and hazardous than a newer approach--has been widely applied. PMID- 6228737 TI - Abnormal T-lymphocyte subpopulations in healthy subjects after tetanus booster immunization. PMID- 6228738 TI - Percutaneous transluminal renal angioplasty in renovascular hypertension. PMID- 6228739 TI - Reduction of suppressor T lymphocytes in the tropical splenomegaly syndrome. AB - To study the pathogenesis of tropical splenomegaly syndrome, we compared immunologic findings in patients from Flores, Indonesia, with those obtained in local residents without splenomegaly and in controls. Villagers with tropical splenomegaly syndrome had markedly elevated levels of total IgM, higher titers of IgM antibodies to Plasmodium vivax, and reduced levels of circulating T lymphocytes. The latter were caused by a decrease in the total number of T cells with the suppressor/cytotoxic phenotype (T8+). Levels of B lymphocytes were similar in all groups. All immunologic abnormalities reverted toward normal in patients treated weekly for 9 to 26 months with chloroquine phosphate. These findings suggest that overproduction of immunoglobulins in patients with tropical splenomegaly syndrome is caused by an imbalance in the normal ratio of helper: suppressor T cells that regulate B-lymphocyte function, and that this imbalance is due to a decrease in suppressor T lymphocytes. PMID- 6228740 TI - [Esthetic operations in children with Down's syndrome]. PMID- 6228741 TI - The effect of transluminal dilation of stenosed renal arteries on kidney function. PMID- 6228742 TI - Effects of a selective thromboxane A2 synthetase inhibitor on immune complex glomerulonephritis. AB - It has been reported that agents which block the prostaglandin system inhibit the development of glomerulonephritis. However, the mechanisms of these effects are not clear. We studied the effect of a selective thromboxane A2 (TxA2) synthetase inhibitor, 1-benzylimidazole (BIm), on the immune complex glomerulonephritis produced by bovine serum albumin (BSA) in New Zealand white rabbits. As the BSA nephritis developed, there was no change of creatinine (Cr), serum urea nitrogen (SUN), or creatinine clearance (Ccr), but urinary protein excretion increased almost 3-fold. Coagulation and fibrinolytic studies suggested a hypercoagulable state and increased fibrinolytic activity. Platelet aggregation showed the reduction of maximum aggregation induced by ADP and collagen. Histological examination by light microscopy, immunofluorescence, and electron microscopy revealed glomerular polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) infiltration, mononuclear cell (MON) proliferation, and fibrin deposition. In 70% of the rabbits, IgG and C3 deposits were seen by immunofluorescence mainly in mesangial areas. The administration of BIm to BSA nephritis had no effects on Cr, SUN or Ccr, but it significantly lessened the proteinuria. The study of coagulation and fibrinolytic activity suggested a less hypercoagulable state, and more efficient fibrinolysis occurred than in the group without BIm. BIm tended to normalize platelet aggregation. It also lessened the histological PMN infiltration (p less than 0.05), MON proliferation (p less than 0.01), and fibrin deposition (p less than 0.05). These data suggest that TxA2 may play an important pathogenetic role in the development and progression of glomerulonephritis. PMID- 6228743 TI - The role of IgA and IgG immune complexes in IgA nephropathy. AB - The presence of circulating immune complexes in 54 patients with IgA nephropathy has been studied by two different techniques. 64% of the patients had IgG immune complexes and 37% had IgA immune complexes, both determined with the Raji cell assay, and 48% of patients had IgA immune complexes with the anti-IgA inhibition binding assay (anti-IgA Inh BA). In sequential sera from individual patients, immune complexes remained persistently positive or negative in more than 50% of the cases being intermittently in the rest. The immune complexes detected by the Raji cell assay were mostly of 7-13S in size, while those detected by anti-IgA Inh BA were bigger. There was a good correlation between the serum levels of polymeric IgA and the presence of IgA complexes (Raji cell assay). A certain correlation (p less than 0.05) was found between these IgA immune complexes and the clinical activity assessed by the hematuria. A similar correlation (p less than 0.05) was found with specific polymeric IgA immune complexes studied by a method recently described. No relationship was observed between the presence of any HLA antigens and the existence of circulating immune complexes. These results support the contention that IgA immune complexes, especially those composed of polymeric IgA, may have a role in the pathogenesis of IgA nephropathy. Moreover, the high serum levels of polymeric IgA observed in these patients could contribute to the slow clearance and long persistence in the circulation of IgA immune complexes with their subsequent deposition at the glomerular mesangium. PMID- 6228744 TI - Cervical myelopathy from dural substitute. AB - A case report of cervical spinal cord compression by infolding of a silicone coated Dacron graft is presented. The possible complications of synthetic dural substitutes are discussed. PMID- 6228745 TI - Anti-AChR antibodies, thymic histology, and T cell subsets in myasthenia gravis. AB - The relationship between the titers of antibody against acetylcholine receptor (AChR) and T helper/suppressor balance (assessed by the OKT4/OKT8 ratio) were investigated in 74 patients with myasthenia gravis (MG). All patients with elevated AChR antibody titers (greater than 100 nM) had hyperplastic thymuses, while most patients with low or negative antibody titers (less than 1 nM) had involuted thymuses. All patients with thymoma had positive, though not very high, antibody titers. No correlation was found between anti-AChR antibody levels and OKT4/OKT8 ratios except for patients with thymoma. Thus, it appears that AChR antibody titers are more closely related to thymic pathology than to peripheral T cell imbalance. These results are consistent with the hypothesis giving a central role to thymic lymphocytes in the AChR antibody production, either as antibody producer B cells or helper T cells. PMID- 6228746 TI - Gamma-vinyl GABA treatment of Huntington's disease. AB - In a double-blind, crossover study gamma-vinyl GABA, 2 g/day, and placebo were administered orally for 2 weeks each to six patients with Huntington's disease. Five patients were treated concomitantly with a neuroleptic maintained at constant dose. No consistent beneficial effects on the hyperkinetic movements, abnormal motor function, or ability to carry out normal activities were evident with gamma-vinyl GABA treatment. Treatment was tolerated without clinically significant alterations in the physiologic or biochemical tests used for monitoring. These results suggest that increasing CNS GABAergic function is unlikely to ameliorate Huntington's disease. PMID- 6228747 TI - Rectus sheath hematoma with pain relief after ultrasound: case report. PMID- 6228748 TI - [Celioscopic verification of the reliability of the ultrasonographic method in evaluation of gynecologic pathology]. PMID- 6228749 TI - The Babies Doe: common sense and common decency. PMID- 6228750 TI - Handicapped oral surgeon receives special award (Mark Swerdloff). PMID- 6228751 TI - Effect of an oral contraceptive on adrenal and ovarian androgenic steroids. AB - Seven women with hirsutism (five with polycystic ovarian disease, two with eumenorrheic hirsutism) were studied before and during the fourth and sixth cycles of oral contraceptive treatment (norethindrone/mestranol, 1 mg/0.05 mg). Plasma testosterone, androstenedione, and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate were measured before and during treatment. Testosterone was reduced 72%, androstenedione was reduced 68.5%, and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate was reduced 41.25% during therapy. Plasma dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate normalized in all patients with pretreatment elevation of this steroid. Norethindrone/mestranol, 1 mg/0.05 mg is capable of suppressing both ovarian and adrenal androgens in hirsute women with modest elevation of these steroids. PMID- 6228753 TI - Occupational skin diseases and the occupational health nurse. PMID- 6228752 TI - Comparison of laparoscopic Falope-Ring and minilaparotomy sterilization. AB - This is a retrospective review of 335 elective sterilizations performed in a private community practice. One hundred sixteen minilaparotomy sterilizations and 219 laparoscopic Falope-Ring sterilizations were reviewed. The study indicates a significantly greater mean hospital stay (1.78 versus 1.05 days), requirement for postoperative analgesics (3.34 doses versus 1.76), operative time (23.35 versus 18.82 minutes), and number of days (5.2 versus 2.84) required to resume normal functional activity on a subjective basis in the minilaparotomy group. There were two subsequent pregnancies among the laparoscopic group and none in the minilaparotomy cases. Technical failures occurred in 2.7% of the laparoscopic group. The authors offer suggestions, based on their results, for counseling patients interested in sterilization procedures. PMID- 6228754 TI - Obtaining a relevant history for the assessment of worker dermatitis. PMID- 6228755 TI - The disabled employee: physical, psychological and social changes occur in employees with disabling lost-time injuries. PMID- 6228756 TI - [Some controversies on the interpretation of cancer mortality data]. PMID- 6228758 TI - [Medical information--aspects of an interdisciplinary specialty]. PMID- 6228757 TI - [Cancer diseases in workers and employees as reflected by the data of German social security carriers]. PMID- 6228759 TI - [Development and definition of social medicine]. PMID- 6228760 TI - [Hospital health as affected by the public health office]. PMID- 6228761 TI - [Age dependence of the initial appearance of typical symptoms of the congenital rubella syndrome (CRS)]. PMID- 6228762 TI - [Completion of the tasks of the Public Health Service by the Office of Health in a self-governing city]. PMID- 6228763 TI - [Effectiveness of antimicrobial apparatus on carpets in hospitals. I. Inhibitory and killing effect]. PMID- 6228764 TI - [Risk behavior and health]. PMID- 6228765 TI - [Health risk - possibilities and limits of avoidance]. PMID- 6228766 TI - [Risk factors and genetics]. PMID- 6228767 TI - [Possibilities and limits of formulating health risks from a mathematico statistical perspective]. PMID- 6228768 TI - [Risk - from the individual to the collective concept]. PMID- 6228769 TI - [Sanctions for risk behavior - solution or nonsense?]. PMID- 6228770 TI - [Risk behavior from a constitutional, social, and sociopolitico-legal perspective]. PMID- 6228771 TI - [Risk behavior from an occupational medico-legal perspective]. PMID- 6228772 TI - The effectiveness of 100 and 200 mg etodolac (Ultradol), aspirin, and placebo in patients with pain following oral surgery. AB - The analgesic efficacy of etodolac (Ultradol) was evaluated in 168 patients experiencing moderate to severe pain following oral surgery. The patients were given either etodolac 100 mg, etodolac 200 mg, aspirin 650 mg, or placebo. There was a minimum of forty patients in each drug group. Patients recorded pain intensity and pain relief at 1/2 hour and then hourly for up to 12 hours after medication. The efficacy variables analyzed were the sum of pain-intensity differences, total pain relief, onset of analgesia, and the patient's opinion of the study drug. Time-effect curves were made from the pain-relief and pain intensity difference scores. The analgesic potency of both 100 and 200 mg of etodolac was comparable to 650 mg of aspirin and superior to placebo. Like aspirin, both doses of etodolac showed significant analgesia within one hour and a significantly longer duration of action than placebo. PMID- 6228773 TI - [Differential diagnosis of backache in childhood]. PMID- 6228774 TI - [Blood-sucking midges of the floodplain of the Sylva River (Ceratopogonidae)]. AB - 21 species of bloodsuckling midges were recorded from the Kishert region of the Perm district. During the period of investigation the group obsoletus was most abundant, then the group pulicaris and fascipennis. There was noted a poor adaptation of midges to different biotopes and high ecological plasticity of mass species. Specific composition of midges attacking man and domestic animals is more diverse as compared to species attacking birds. Food specialisation is more distinct in ornithophilous species. PMID- 6228775 TI - [Number of generations of Xenopsylla gerbilli minax fleas in the Muyunkum (Siphonaptera)]. AB - By means of radioactive labelling and mechanical marking of fleas of X. g. minax it was established that they have four generations a year. PMID- 6228777 TI - [Treatment and care regimens in pediatric hospitals]. PMID- 6228776 TI - Effect of environmental hypothermia on dorsal aortic blood flow in the chick embryo, stages 18 to 24. AB - Dorsal aortic blood flow was measured with a pulsed-Doppler meter in Hamburger Hamilton stage 18, 21, and 24 chick embryos, and stroke volume index was calculated by dividing mean blood flow per minute by heart rate. These parameters were measured at baseline temperature 34.7 degrees C after cooling to 31.1 degrees C and subsequent rewarming to 34.2 degrees C. In stage 21 embryos, after environmental cooling, heart rate decreased from 170 bpm to 118 bpm (P less than 0.01), mean dorsal aortic blood flow decreased from 0.38 mm3/sec to 0.24 mm3/sec (P less than 0.01) but stroke volume index did not change [baseline, 0.13 mm3/beat; after cooling, 0.12 mm3/beat; after rewarming, 0.15 mm3/beat (P = N.S.)]. Similar results were observed in stage 18 and 24 embryos. The bradycardic response to environmental hypothermia was independent of functional autonomic innervation and probably mediated by a direct suppression of cell action potential dv/dt. Myocardial cell function was not adversely affected by an acute change in environmental temperature as the index of stroke volume was not altered, and all parameters returned rapidly to baseline with rewarming. PMID- 6228778 TI - [Characteristics of obesity in adolescent girls]. PMID- 6228779 TI - [Work output of pediatricians in outpatient-polyclinic institutions]. PMID- 6228780 TI - The human C3b receptor. AB - The cellular receptor for the C3b fragment of the third component of complement is a 205,000 molecular weight glycoprotein expressed by erythrocytes, polymorphonuclear leukocytes, monocytes, B lymphocytes, a subset of T lymphocytes and glomerular podocytes. The receptor molecule is a potent inhibitor of complement activation by both the alternative and classical pathways. It serves as a cofactor in the proteolytic degradation of C3b bound to immune complexes. On neutrophils and monocytes, the receptor enhances immunoglobulin-dependent phagocytosis of opsonized particles and triggers internalization of soluble ligands bearing C3b. The number of C3b receptor molecules expressed on erythrocytes is genetically determined and was found to be low in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: these abnormalities when associated with a low number of receptors in the kidney of patients with non-systemic lupus erythematosus nephritis may predispose to immune complex diseases. PMID- 6228781 TI - [Biokinetics of osteotropic radiopharmaceuticals in metabolic osteopathy- comparison of 47Ca and 99mTc-methylene-diphosphonate (MDP)]. AB - Plasma clearance and osseous accumulation rates of 99mTc methylene diphosphonate (MDP) in the lumbar spine were measured in 11 patients with osteoporosis (OP), 7 patients with hyperparathyroidism (HPT), 4 patients with osteomalacia (OM) and in 3 patients (N) who were studied to exclude metabolic bone disease. The findings in 19 patients were compared with the results of 47Ca kinetics. The plasma elimination of 99mTc-MDP during the first hour after application was normal in almost all the patients. The 99mTc-MDP accumulation rates in the lumbar spine were raised in patients with HPT and OM (p less than or equal to 0.01) and normal in patients with OP and N (p greater than 0.05). 47Ca kinetics were disturbed in most of the patients with metabolic bone disease, with minimal deviations in OP. The comparison of 99mTc-MDP accumulation rates with the results of 47Ca kinetics revealed significant correlations with exchangeable bone and soft tissue calcium. The correlations with total calcium turnover and calcium accretion were poor. Only half of the patients had equal results of 99mTc-MDP accumulation rates and bone calcium accretion rates. It is concluded that the 99mTc-MDP uptake by bone is an index of bone metabolism presumably of the organic matrix, whereas 47Ca kinetics represent the mineral metabolism of bone. PMID- 6228782 TI - Contribution to the diagnosis of idiopathic femoral head necrosis by scintigraphy with 99mTc-MDP assessed quantitatively by computer. AB - The authors have studied by quantification the bone uptake of 99mTc-MDP in femoral head necrosis in order to evaluate in an objective manner conventional scintigraphy, and thus to increase the sensitiveness and efficacy of an exploration for an early diagnosis of these patients. Twenty cases of femoral necrosis have been studied, diagnosed in all cases by histopathological analysis; in twelve of them the process was unilateral and in the other eight bilateral. All explorations were carried out with 99mTc-MDP, a gamma camera and a PDP 11/40 computer for the quantitative study with the obtention of indices relating the activity between the femoral heads and, of these, to a normal vertebra. Quantification in the control group showed that the uptake of the nuclide was similar in both femoral heads and is lower than this in the vertebra. In all cases of unilateral necrosis the abnormal deviations of the indices relating the pathological head to the contralateral head and the lumbar vertebra were significant. In bilateral femoral head necrosis, an increase has been observed in all indices, although only the index relating the contralateral femoral head suspect of a lesion to vertebral activity was statistically significant. The proposed method for quantifying can be carried out easily and is very useful for diagnosing femoral necrosis since it improves the results of a subjective assessment of the scintigraphic image and can earlier detect the abnormal uptake of the lesion. PMID- 6228783 TI - Double handicap. 1. Classification and causes. PMID- 6228784 TI - [Lung abscess in drug-induced agranulocytosis]. PMID- 6228785 TI - Alkaline phosphatase activity in amniotic fluid in pregnancies with fetal disorders. AB - Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity was determined in 255 amniotic fluid samples collected by amniocentesis between 15 and 39 weeks of gestation. The samples were originally used for chromosomal analysis and/or alpha-fetoprotein measurements. The mean ALP activity in early amniotic fluid from pregnancies with fetal trisomy 18 and 21 syndromes was half of that found in the controls. Highly elevated ALP activity (over 10 times the median level) was found in 14 samples. Two of these pregnancies had normal outcome. Three samples were from pregnancies with intrauterine fetal death. Fetal disorders, including abdominal wall defect (four cases), Meckel's syndrome (two), hydrops fetalis syndrome (two) and genital anomaly (one), were observed in nine cases. Moderately elevated ALP activity (over three times the median) was found in 10 cases, including five pregnancies with a preterm labour shortly after the sample collection. The results indicate that elevated ALP activity in the third trimester amniotic fluid is often associated with fetal disorders. PMID- 6228786 TI - Paternal age and Down's syndrome diagnosed prenatally: no association in French data. AB - An investigation of a paternal age effect independent of maternal age was undertaken for 118 trisomy 21 cases diagnosed prenatally in 6656 amniocenteses. The mean of the difference delta in paternal age of Down's syndrome cases compared to those with normal genotypes after controlling for maternal age was +0.46 with a 95 per cent confidence interval of -0.84 to +1.76. This revealed no evidence for a paternal age effect. Multiple applications of the Mantel-Haenszel test revealed no statistically significant evidence for a paternal age effect independent of maternal age. These results are in agreement with those of Hook and Cross (1982b) but not with claims of Stene et al. (1981), of a strong paternal age effect detected in studies on prenatal diagnosis. The hypothesis suggested by Hook and Cross (1982a) that there is a rather weak paternal age effect independent of maternal age in most if not all populations cannot be excluded. If temporal or geographic factors account for the differences in studies on paternal age effect, extrapolation to other time periods or populations cannot be done. PMID- 6228787 TI - [Immunoglobulins: from their function to their therapeutic use]. PMID- 6228788 TI - [Introductory remarks on the anticomplement activity of immunoglobulins G]. PMID- 6228789 TI - [Structural analysis of immunoglobulins and the problem of antibody diversity. New approaches]. AB - The function of the various immunoglobulins is revealed by their structure. During humoral response to antigens, the host can modify the structure of its IgG's according to requirements. This is done by genetic processes and also by selection of the appropriate lymphocyte clones. PMID- 6228790 TI - [Perspectives in the therapeutic use of human immunoglobulins]. PMID- 6228791 TI - [Humoral immunodeficiencies and their substitution treatment]. AB - Missing antibodies can be effectively and rapidly replaced by injections of immunoglobulins. For practical reasons this method is restricted to prophylaxis, repeated replacements and acute treatment. Provided they are administered at an early stage, small amounts of immunoglobulins are sufficient for prophylaxis or passive immunization. Acute treatment is based on the same principle, but much higher doses are required since it is given late to patients with clinical symptoms. Replacement therapy proper is used in patients who are clearly unable to produce antibodies in sufficient amounts. Regularly repeated administration makes replacement therapy very expensive. Comparisons between different preparations of immunoglobulins indicate that the best are those which are well tolerated by the intravenous route. In our experience, Sandoglobulin fulfills all the clinicians' requirements. PMID- 6228792 TI - [Fc receptors and immunomodulating effects of immunoglobulins. In vitro study]. AB - Immunomodulating effect of immunoglobulins (Ig) preparations can be investigated by the mean of in vitro models of human B lymphocyte polyclonal activation. Such models concern the final differentiation of mature B lymphocytes into plasma cells. Several stages can be identified, each of them being controlled by distinct regulatory mechanisms: cell proliferation as estimated by tritiated thymidine incorporation, maturation into Ig containing cells, then into Ig secreting cells, and quantification of secreted Ig. In addition to the quantitative control of each stage (potentiation or suppression) a qualitative regulation of the production of each Ig class (IgM, IgG, IgA) can be studied. Depending on experimental protocols, several regulatory mechanisms have been described: 1) polyclonal activation induced by Fc fragments or aggregated Ig acting on monocytes, 2) suppression by aggregated IgG which induce prostaglandin PGE2 release from monocytes, 3) suppression by aggregated IgG interacting with T cell Fc receptors. The latter mechanism selectively decreases the number of IgG containing cells and that of IgG secreting cells, does not change IgG nor IgM containing cell numbers. A comparable suppressive effect can be achieved by Fc receptors purified by affinity chromatography on IgG sorbents. The possible relevance of these various regulatory mechanisms to the in vivo effect of Ig treatment deserves further investigations. PMID- 6228793 TI - [Role of immunoglobulins in the activation of complement]. AB - Depending on their class and sub-class, immunoglobulins may activate the complement by the classical pathway or by the alternative pathway. This activating property depends on how immunoglobulins are associated. Activation by the classical pathway implies binding to, and activation of C1. Binding is essentially an ion type interaction between C1q and--in the case of human IgG's for instance--the C gamma 2 domain. It has recently been investigated in depth by various techniques, such as inhibition of the C1q--IgG interaction by chemical compounds or by peptides isolated from C gamma 2. Activation of C1 seems to involve some elements of C gamma 3. In addition to initiating the classical pathway, immunoglobulins may act as acceptors of the classical C3-convertase (C4b C2a); a structure accepting the newly formed C4b is present in the Fab portion of IgG. It would appear that optimal functioning of the complement system is achieved when the C1 activating site and the C3-convertase forming site are close together on the IgG molecule, since the newly born peptidic fragments have a very short life. Immunoglobulins may activate the alternative pathway via their Fab portion. This property is directly related to the ability of Ig's to accept nascent C3b, which probably includes that of accepting nascent C4b as described above. In the alternative pathway C3-convertase may form when structural conditions around IgG-bound C3b encourage binding of B to C3b rather than the intervention of I and H factors which degrade C3b. The Ig-C3b interaction responsible for activation of the alternative pathway may also be directly involved in solubilization of immune complexes during activation of complement. PMID- 6228794 TI - [Therapeutic efficacy of human immunoglobulins related to their antibody activity against circulating antigens in children with recurrent infections]. AB - Children suffering from recurrent infections of the upper respiratory tract were treated with injections of human immunoglobulins. In 58 of the 97 patients treated clinical symptoms abated and the results of laboratory tests (serum proteins profile and circulating immune complex levels) returned to normal. A positive correlation was established between the therapeutic effectiveness of the immunoglobulins and their in vitro reaction with serum antigens preexisting to treatment and probably released by the micro-organisms responsible for the infections. PMID- 6228795 TI - [Replacement therapy with immunoglobulins in neonatology]. AB - Eighty-two neonates suffering from widespread infection detected at an early stage were treated either with antibiotics alone or with antibiotics combined with immunoglobulins administered intravenously. In 35 children, haemocultures demonstrated septicaemia due to E. coli, Klebsiella spp., staphylococci or anaerobes. Following a 6 days' treatment with immunoglobulins i.v. (0.5 g/day in prematures and 1.0 g/day in children born at term) serum IgG levels were considerably increased. Already in children born in the 28 th week of gestation IgG levels were similar to those of children born at term. This increase in serum IgG's resulted in a 26% to 10% (p = 0.16) overall fall in death rate. In prematures, the death rate, which was 44% in children who had not received IgG's, fell to 8%. In 47 neonates without septicaemia the death rate was 15% without, and 10% with IgG. Immunoglobulin infusions were well tolerated. Clinical and immunological investigations performed between the ages of 1 and 4 years showed no difference in growth rate, psychomotor development, susceptibility to infections and immune functions between children who had received immunoglobulin during the neonatal period and those who had not. After intravenous administration of immunoglobulins in high doses (12 g/24 h) to mothers 1 to 3 weeks before premature delivery (33 rd to 35 th week of gestation rise in serum IgG levels was observed in either mothers or children. Higher i.v. doses (120 g over 5 days) given between the 27 th and 32 nd weeks of gestation resulted in an increase of serum IgG levels in mothers but had no influence on serum IgG levels in their children. PMID- 6228796 TI - [Hyperimmune immunoglobulins]. PMID- 6228797 TI - [Treatment of idiopathic thrombopenic purpura with immunoglobulins]. AB - Twelve patients presenting with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura were treated with injections of immunoglobulins. A lasting improvement was observed in 1 and a transient improvement in 8. Intramuscular injections appeared to be more effective than intravenous injections. The increase in the number of platelets was accompanied by a decrease of circulating immune complexes. The antigen antibody reaction observed between the doses of immunoglobulins injected and the patients' sera suggests that immunoglobulins might act by enhancing the elimination of some antigens of infectious origin. PMID- 6228798 TI - [High-dose immunoglobulin infusions in idiopathic thrombopenic purpura]. AB - In childhood approximately 90% of all idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpuras (ITP) are acute while in adults the majority is chronic (6 months duration). 0,5 - 1% of the children with ITP die. Conventional treatment comprises corticosteroids and, for chronic ITP, splenectomy and/or cytostatic immunosuppression. Inspired by the disappearance, during substitution, of concomitant ITP in 2 agammaglobulinemic boys, 13 children with ITP (3 chronic, 4 intermittent, 6 acute) were treated with high-dose intravenous immunoglobulin SRK. All responded favorably but one boy with chronic ITP became resistant after 11 months of infusions. F(ab')2 fragments are inactive. High doses of immunoglobulin could block Fc receptors of macrophages. They could also facilitate the formation and elimination of immune complexes and, indirectly, prevent the accumulation of platelet-associated immunoglobulin. PMID- 6228799 TI - [Therapeutic use of monoclonal antilymphocyte antibodies]. PMID- 6228800 TI - [Evaluation criteria for intravenous immunoglobulin G preparations]. AB - The need for quantitative or qualitative immunoglobulin replacement therapy in patients with hypogammaglobulinaemia or in immuno-compromised subjects has greatly encouraged the development of preparations suitable for intravenous use. A major requirement in plasma fractionation is that ready-to-use preparations must be free from contamination by immunoglobulin aggregates likely to produce harmful reactions. To avoid this, three methods are available:--splitting-up with enzymes (pepsin or plasmin) which separate the Fc and Fab fragments, thereby damaging the molecule and definitely preventing the formation of IgG aggregates;- treatment of the preparation with chemical compounds altering the primary structure of the molecule that mediates spontaneous aggregation;--adjunction of special agents (e.g. polyethyleneglycol) or treatment at low pH, which eliminates IgG aggregates and prevents them from forming anew. The properties of immunoglobulins prepared by these three methods are discussed on the basis of two criteria: clinical tolerability and therapeutic effectiveness, including antigen neutralization, sustained normal half-life and full ability to interact with humoral and cellular receptors. PMID- 6228801 TI - [Utilization of immunoglobulins in the public assistance hospitals in Paris (1981 1982)]. PMID- 6228802 TI - [Changes in complement levels after intravenous injections of high doses of immunoglobulins]. PMID- 6228803 TI - [Humoral immunodeficiency in connection with transcobalamin II deficiency?]. PMID- 6228804 TI - [Intravenous administration of plasmin-treated immunoglobulins. A 2-year study in 16 patients with humoral deficiency]. AB - The immunological and clinical results of a 2-year study of 16 patients with agammaglobulinaemia (common variable in 12 and sex-linked in 4) are reported. Plasmin-treated immunoglobulins were injected at 3 weeks' intervals during the first part of the trial and at 2 weeks' interval during the second part. An increase in serum IgG levels was observed after 24 hours and 7 days, with progressive return to initial values on the 14th day. Twelve patients showed signs of clinical improvement. PMID- 6228805 TI - [Personal experience with the use of intravenous Fc-spared IgG]. PMID- 6228806 TI - [Specific antihepatitis A immunoglobulins]. PMID- 6228807 TI - [Immunologic surveillance of cardiac transplant recipients treated with rabbit antilymphocyte globulins]. PMID- 6228808 TI - [Thrombopenia in a case of systemic lupus erythematosus. Possible role of immunoglobulins in its improvement]. PMID- 6228809 TI - [Intravenous immunoglobulins in idiopathic thrombopenic purpura]. PMID- 6228810 TI - [Treatment of chronic idiopathic thrombopenic purpura with intravenous immunoglobulins]. PMID- 6228811 TI - [Infusion of human immunoglobulins in idiopathic thrombopenic purpura. Experience in 37 patients]. PMID- 6228812 TI - [Acute and chronic thrombopenic purpura in children]. PMID- 6228813 TI - [Intravenous immunoglobulins in the treatment of thrombopenic purpura in children]. PMID- 6228814 TI - [Early coronary spasm after myocardial revascularization surgery]. AB - Six cases of early post-operative coronary artery spasm were observed in a series of 460 consecutive patients who underwent myocardial revascularization. This is a rare accident, only quite recently described. The spasm involves the coronary arterial network or the graft and is reflected in an elevated ST segment accompanied by collapse and ventricular dysrhythmia. The condition may be lethal or may result in myocardial infarction. Treatment consists of calcium inhibitors. The cause of the spasm is unknown, but it seems to be encouraged by trauma of the coronary arteries during surgery and by metabolic changes (production of thromboxane A2) induced by the cardio-pulmonary bypass. This particular spasm must be watched by heart surgeons and their team in order to avoid some deaths and peroperative necroses, as it appears that we are only confronted with its more severe forms. PMID- 6228815 TI - [Inoperable primary bronchial cancers: treatment by chemotherapy combinations including cis-platinum]. AB - Sixty-seven assessable patients with advanced primary bronchial carcinoma of the epidermoid or large cell undifferentiated type (37 with non-resectable stage III Mo and 30 with stage III M1) were included in two prospective non-randomized phase 2 chemotherapeutic trials. Thirty-five received a COPAC-type regimen and 32 were treated with a COPAB-RT protocol combining a COPAC-type chemotherapy with local radiotherapy. Both combination therapies contained cis-platinum. With either of these treatments the major response rate averaged 45% and the median survival rate was about 9 months. However, a significant (p = 0.03) difference in survival rate was elicited between the population of treated patients and a control group of 30 untreated patients of similar age, stage and histology (mean survival in controls: 5 months). Both chemotherapeutic regimens were regarded as reasonably well tolerated. These results suggest that platinum-based combination chemotherapy is effective in these carcinomas. PMID- 6228816 TI - [Prevalence of smoking among diabetics and influence of tobacco on diabetic retinopathy]. AB - Among 647 patent diabetics regularly followed who attended the out-patient clinic of a hospital Diabetology Department between December 1st, 1979 and June 30th, 1980, 35% were habitual smokers, 20% ex-smokers and 45% non-smokers. Insulin treated diabetics did not smoke more than non insulin-treated diabetics. Only one half of the smokers declared that they had been advised by a doctor to stop smoking. This study failed to demonstrate any effect of tobacco on the prevalence or severity of diabetic retinopathy. PMID- 6228817 TI - [Thrombocythemia with Philadelphia chromosome. Secondary appearance of chronic myeloid leukemia]. AB - The finding of a Philadelphia chromosome in a case of apparently primary thrombocythaemia should change the diagnosis for that of chronic myeloid leukaemia. This theoretical view is supported by the case reported here, where a Philadelphia-chromosome was detected in the bone marrow cells of a patient with severe thrombocythaemia; a typical myeloid leukaemia developed 21 months after the onset of the disease; survival was of short duration. PMID- 6228818 TI - [Urinary lithiasis secondary to intestinal diseases]. AB - Urinary stones are much more common in subjects with intestinal diseases than in the general population. The chemical composition of the stones depends on the type of intestinal disease. In diarrhoeas with loss of water and electrolytes (inflammatory colitis and, chiefly, ileostomy), the urine is acid and concentrated and the stones are composed of uric acid. Extensive lesions of the ileum or wide resections of the small bowel increase the intestinal absorption of oxalates and expose the patients to oxalate stones. Treatment, which must be preventive, is based upon a knowledge of the pathophysiology of urolithiasis. PMID- 6228819 TI - [Prevention of contamination of microhemocultures. Value of a new instrument, the hemopipette]. AB - We have experimented with a new instrument, "hemopipette", known to reduce the incidence of contamination in small samples of capillary blood for haemoculture. Without altering our usual skin asepsis procedure, we carried out 270 microhaemocultures in 240 neonates. Two haemocultures (0.74%) were contaminated, a significantly lower percentage than the 3.6% observed in a first series of 411 microsamples obtained prior to the introduction of "hemopipette". This fall in contamination rate appears to be associated with the use of this instrument which combines a pipette and a lancet and facilitates capillary blood withdrawal. PMID- 6228820 TI - [Interprostatorectal dissection: value of Denonvilliers' fascia]. AB - We demonstrate that the Denonvilliers' fascia is attached to the prostatic gland and suggests that it is of Wolffian origin. The dissection plane between prostate and rectum therefore lies between the fascia and the rectum. PMID- 6228821 TI - [Peroperative coronary spasm during an operation for aortocoronary bypass]. PMID- 6228822 TI - [Cimetidine, new treatment of acne in women?]. PMID- 6228823 TI - [Fatal hepatitis caused by isaxonine]. PMID- 6228824 TI - [Use of indomethacin in the treatment of orthostatic hypotension in diabetic patients]. PMID- 6228825 TI - [Familial Horton's disease. Possible relationship with the A28, CW3, B15, DR4 HLA haplotype]. PMID- 6228826 TI - [Leiomyosarcoma of the small intestine. Role of anterior irradiation]. PMID- 6228827 TI - [Acute lymphoblastic Burkitt-type leukemia 6 years after the treatment of Hodgkin's disease]. PMID- 6228828 TI - [Cutaneous Mycobacterium haemophilum mycobacteriosis in a kidney transplant patient]. PMID- 6228829 TI - [Anemia in renal insufficiency. Demonstration of ectopic erythropoiesis in hepatic cytolysis]. PMID- 6228830 TI - [Cortisol deficiency aggravated by rifampicin]. PMID- 6228831 TI - [Posturination bladder residue in the diabetic patient]. PMID- 6228832 TI - [Fulminating pneumococcal infection in splenectomized patients]. PMID- 6228833 TI - [Effort-induced malignant hyperthermia. Electromyographic anomalies with a myogenic component. 10 cases]. AB - Exertion malignant hyperthermia, usually regarded as a form of heat stroke, is mainly observed in young apparently healthy men enlisted in the army and subjected to intensive physical exertion in a warm and damp environment. It is frequently lethal. Ten cases with favourable outcome are reported. In 8 patients, EMG tracings recorded several months after the acute episode showed myogenic abnormalities. Computer-aided analysis of motor units showed a 42% reduction in mean duration of the motor unit collected from the brachial biceps and a 44% reduction of signal energy as compared with controls. Two possible reasons for these abnormalities are discussed: they may result from rhabdomyolysis or from a pre-existing muscular pathology. PMID- 6228834 TI - [Strategy of the use of immunological tests in the topographical diagnosis of urinary infections]. AB - Assays for bacteria-specific antibodies were performed in 423 hospital patients with urinary tract infection (UTI), 184 of whom also had serodiagnosis by passive haemoagglutination with the strain responsible for the infection. The results of serodiagnosis were expressed as the difference in dilution between the antibody titres found in the patients and those found in pooled sera from healthy subjects. On the basis of this study, a rationale for immunological investigations, particularly in adults, is suggested. When bacteria-specific antibodies are lacking the probability of a lower UTI is 98%; when they are present, the probability of an upper UTI is only 74.5%, but the figure rises to 95% with a positive passive haemoagglutination serodiagnosis. In patients with negative serodiagnosis and positive bacteria-specific antibodies, a topographical diagnosis of UTI by immunological methods becomes impossible. In children, these methods are of little use owing to their poor sensitivity in detecting bacteria specific antibodies, but the information provided by serodiagnosis is useful for determining the site of infection. PMID- 6228835 TI - [Interstitial pneumopathy in subjects treated with amiodarone]. AB - Five cases of interstitial fibrinogenic pneumopathy in addition to the 17 cases already published have considerably increased the suspicion that amiodarone might be responsible for this type of lung lesion. Moreover, it has been firmly established that 10 (56%) of 18 patients with fibrinogenic interstitial pneumopathy had taken the drug. Amiodarone therefore seems to play an important role in the genesis of iatrogenic pulmonary fibroses. These, however, are rare, even though they probably remain undiagnosed in a substantial number of cases. PMID- 6228836 TI - [Neonatal hemolysis secondary to congenital poikilocytosis]. AB - Hereditary pyropoikilocytosis is a congenital haemolytic anaemia recently described. A new case is reported in which the condition was diagnosed by a study of erythrocyte membrane proteins in the parents. The unusual clinical features of this case lead to a discussion of the relationship between hereditary pyropoikilocytosis and other rare forms of elliptocytosis in children. PMID- 6228837 TI - [The use of lasers in the study of cardiac mechanics]. AB - Cardiac and skeletal muscles exhibit regularly spaced light and dark transverse striations (the I and A bands respectively). Consequently, when they are illuminated by a laser beam, they behave like diffraction gratings. The diffraction line spacing varies inversely with the sarcomere length. Real-time kinetics of sarcomere can be measured with a high accuracy. The analysis of the diffraction pattern indicates a high degree of synchronization of sarcomere movements (contraction and relaxation). This technique represents a powerful method to analyse the mechanical behaviour of heart muscle at subcellular level. PMID- 6228838 TI - [Treatment of low rectovaginal fistula by pulling down a rectal mucosal curtain]. AB - The most delicate stage in the repair of low rectovaginal fistulae is closure of the rectal opening. To the numerous and complex procedures proposed, the authors oppose a simple technique which consists of separating the rectal mucosa, which can then be pulled down like a curtain to effectively and completely obturate the opening without attending to the muscular breach. This technique has been successfully used in 9 cases of low recto-vaginal fistulae of obstetrical or infectious origin. PMID- 6228839 TI - [Acute renal insufficiency and recurrent thrombopenia caused by crossed intolerance to ibuprofen and fenoprofen]. PMID- 6228840 TI - [Diffuse interstitial fibrosis manifesting polymyositis]. PMID- 6228841 TI - [Withdrawal of benzodiazepines. Complication by coma with decerebrate rigidity]. PMID- 6228842 TI - [Hypoaldosteronism induced by heparin]. PMID- 6228843 TI - [Effects of margarine consumption on the incidence of Crohn's disease]. PMID- 6228844 TI - [Psoriatic pelvispondylitis complicated by renal amyloidosis]. PMID- 6228845 TI - [Anesthesia for the coronary patient in general surgery. Simplified use of nitro derivatives]. PMID- 6228846 TI - [A case of dermatomyositis detected at the stage of respiratory failure]. PMID- 6228847 TI - [Does echography resolve the problem of the diagnosis of early extra-uterine pregnancy?]. PMID- 6228848 TI - [The cytoskeleton and its abnormalities]. PMID- 6228849 TI - [Relapse in Basedow's disease after treatment with synthetic antithyroid drugs. Prognostic value of analysis of the HLA system]. AB - One hundred and eleven unselected patients with hyperthyroidism due to Graves' disease received decreasing doses of carbimazole for 18 months. Clinical examination and hormonal assays (serum T3, T4, free T4 index) were done at 4, 9 and 18 months of treatment. Patients were typed for 35 HLA antigens and were followed up for 2 years after withdrawal of treatment; 39 patients were excluded for various reasons and 72 were retained for study. Of the 72 patients, 37 relapsed and 35 remained in remission: 40 patients were DR3+ (20 relapsed) and 32 were DR3- (17 relapsed). HLA frequency was not significantly different in patients who relapsed and in those who remained in remission. Thus, under the conditions of this study, HLA frequency could not be used to predict relapse of hyperthyroidism due to Graves' disease. This study brings out an other interesting point: relapse frequency of about 50% focuses our attention on the limits of medical treatment. PMID- 6228850 TI - [Trophoblastic cryptocarcinoma with mononucleate cells, secreting beta chorionic gonadotropic hormones in seminoma. Prognostic value]. AB - In 18 cases of seminoma of the testis correlations were established between beta HCG secretion, as demonstrated by the PAP immunoperoxidase technique, serum radioimmunological assays and clinical course of the disease. Mononucleate beta HCG-producing cells were found side by side with multinucleate syncytiotrophoblastic cells. This information was obtained earlier with the immunohistochemical technique than with radioimmunological assays. The immunoperoxidase technique makes it possible to detect mononucleate beta HCG positive cell cryptocarcinomas which, when present in stage II seminomas, constitute a very dangerous dysgerminal tumour. PMID- 6228851 TI - [Histiocytosis]. AB - Current ideas about the histiocyte-macrophage system are briefly reviewed and the functions attributed to the system are defined. An anatomico-clinical classification of histiocytic diseases into four categories is suggested: - secondary of associated histiocytosis illustrating, in particular, macrophage function in immune response; - histiocytosis due to dystrophia or overload illustrating mainly phagocyte function and ability to store fats; - Langerhans histiocytosis characterized by the presence of numerous Langerhans cells. - Neoplastic histiocytosis, which is the only genuine malignant tumoral proliferation of the histiocyte-macrophage system. PMID- 6228852 TI - [Leukemia in refractory anemia after treatment of psoriasis. Role of retinoids and PUVA therapy?]. PMID- 6228853 TI - [Chronic obstructive bronchopneumopathies. Effect of nifedipine during the exercise test]. PMID- 6228854 TI - [Transient hypothyroidism]. PMID- 6228855 TI - [Coronary spasm with myocardial necrosis in severe hypocalcemia]. PMID- 6228856 TI - [Drug-induced generalized argyria. Value of blood and urine analysis]. PMID- 6228857 TI - [Remission of diabetes mellitus treated from the beginning with intensive insulin. Comparative effects of porcine and human insulin]. PMID- 6228858 TI - [Hereditary elliptocytosis with transient poikilocytosis in children]. PMID- 6228859 TI - [Electrocardiographic changes in whole-body hypothermia letter)]. PMID- 6228860 TI - [Myeloproliferative syndrome followed by mesothelioma after exposure to asbestos]. PMID- 6228861 TI - [Chronic paroxysmal hemicrania sensitive to indomethacin]. AB - Chronic paroxysmal hemicrania is a new entity described in 1974. It appears to be rare, since 34 cases only have been reported in foreign literature. It is characterized by severe unilateral pain occurring several times a day for months or years and is resistant to all treatments, except indomethacin. The first 3 cases observed in France are reported and data from the literature are reviewed. PMID- 6228862 TI - [Ovarian function in orthostatic idiopathic edema. Oral administration of progesterone and changes in capillary permeability]. AB - The ovarian function was investigated in 30 women with postural idiopathic oedema by measuring plasma oestradiol and progesterone levels between the 21st and 23rd days of the menstrual cycle. Plasma progesterone concentrations were found to be lower than 5 ng/ml in 53% of the cases and than 10 ng/ml in 83%. The ovarian dysfunction most frequently observed was inadequate corpus luteum, i.e. progesterone deficiency with normal plasma oestradiol levels. In virtually all patients the initial disorder in capillary permeability, as evaluated by Landis' isotopic test, was fully corrected by progesterone administered orally. However, clinical improvement was less marked with treatments of short duration (2-3 consecutive cycles). In view of the complex pathogenesis of the disease, combined treatments in which progesterone might well play the major role are usually required. PMID- 6228863 TI - [Role of Chlamydia trachomatis in the etiology of acute salpingitis. Value of the determination of IgG in 2 blood samples collected at 6 week intervals]. AB - Cultures of specimens from the abdominal cavity (14) or the lower genital tract (11) were positive for Chlamydia trachomatis in 25 (22.7%) of 110 patients with a laparoscopic diagnosis of acute salpingitis. Microimmunofluorescence serodiagnosis showed positive IgG levels (greater than or equal to 1/64) in 35 patients (32%). Of the 34 patients in whom a second serodiagnosis was performed after 6 weeks, 20 (58%) had positive IgG levels (greater than or equal to 1/64) and 12 (35%) had a fourfold or more change in dilution. Thus, culture and serodiagnosis provided evidence of Chlamydia infection in 46% of the patient population. Forty-six patients were followed up for several months to evaluate the response to antibiotic therapy. Among tetracyclines, lymecycline was effective in 19/25 cases, doxycycline in 15/19 cases and minocycline in 2/4 cases. Switching to another tetracycline after failure of the first one usually gave satisfactory results. PMID- 6228864 TI - [Prediction of response to antineoplastic agents]. AB - It now seems possible to predict response to anti-cancer drugs by means of several methods classified into three groups. Methods in the first group are aimed at determining the intracellular mechanisms required for the drugs to act on the tumoral cells; apart from hormone receptor assays, few of these have practical applications. Methods in the second group are concerned with the action of cytostatic drugs on malignant cells; clonogenic cultures and human tumour xenografts in mice are already routinely used. Finally, methods to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of anticancer drugs are being developed. These three groups of methods can be used in the pre-clinical screening of these drugs or at the clinical trial phase to predict individual responses to chemotherapy. PMID- 6228865 TI - [Intraoperative insertion of a catheter to measure left atrial pressure]. AB - In the procedure described an ordinary intravenous catheter with its normal trocar is passed through the abdomino-thoracic wall, and the trocar is removed. Another trocar with a longer (3 cm) bevel is then introduced into the heart, the long bevel ensuring that the trocar is in the lumen of the left atrium only. The tip of the catheter, slightly bevelled in situ, is pushed into the atrium along this second trocar, which is then removed. This simple and safe technique facilitates measurements of left atrial pressure during the post-operative period in open-heart surgery. PMID- 6228866 TI - [Streptokinase treatment of deep vein thrombosis of the lower limbs. A new protocol with local thrombolysis]. PMID- 6228867 TI - [Is the hypocalcemia test with calcitonin useful in osteoporosis?]. PMID- 6228868 TI - [Migratory dermohypodermitis associated with kidney cancer]. PMID- 6228869 TI - [Cutaneous delayed hypersensitivity in breast cancer before therapy]. PMID- 6228870 TI - [Neonatal cerebral anoxia. Use of xenon 133 as an indicator of cerebral blood flow]. PMID- 6228871 TI - [Cauda equina syndrome. Disclosure of chronic lymphoplasmacytic lymphopathy with cryoglobulinemia]. PMID- 6228872 TI - [Diabetic hypertriglyceridemia. Treatment by plasma exchange?]. PMID- 6228873 TI - [Hormone levels, celioscopy and ovarian histology in the hirsutism-anovulation syndrome]. AB - Among 50 women with hirsutism, spanio- or amenorrhoea and anovulation, coelioscopy and histological examination of ovarian biopsies showed that 26 had typically polycystic ovaries (PCO), 17 had "borderline ovaries" (BO)--i.e. apparently normal or subnormal but with histological abnormalities identical to those of PCO--and 7 had normal ovaries. The hormonal profiles of BO and PCO were very similar. An increase in LH or in LH response to LHRH, which is regarded as characteristic of polycystic ovarian disease, was only observed in 75% of women with PCO or BO. The PCO and BO detection value of simple basal LH determination was slightly enhanced by the LHRH test, and no further enhancement was observed after repeated LHRH injections. 38% of PCO's and 75% of BO's were associated with adrenal hyperandrogenism, as evidenced by a rise in dehydroepiandrosterone values. Thus, more than one half of hirsute and non-ovulating women have polycystic ovaries. Most of these can be diagnosed by hormonal investigations without having recourse to coelioscopy. However, some do not display, at least permanently, the hormonal profile characteristic of polycystic ovarian disease. PMID- 6228874 TI - [Increase in partial arterial carbon dioxide pressure due to parenteral nutrition during artificial ventilation]. AB - The influence of increased enteral caloric intakes on respiratory gas exchanges was evaluated in 6 patients (5 men, 1 woman; mean-age: 54 years) in steady state and requiring continuous ventilatory support. Oxygen consumption (VO2), carbon dioxide production (VCO2), respiratory quotient (R), determined using an open circuit indirect calorimetric method, and arterial blood gases were measured on two consecutive days while ventilation conditions were unchanged. On the first day, the patients received a water diet only and on the following day an enteral caloric load (1491 +/- 65 Kcal/m2/24 h). The results showed a significant increase in VO2 (p less than 0.05) and R (p less than 0.001) and a rise in VCO2 from 106 +/- 4 to 139 +/- 9 ml/mn/m2 (p less than 0.01). The rise in VCO2 induced an increase of arterial carbon dioxide tension (PaCO2) from 26.3 +/- 1.6 to 34.4 +/- 2.4 mmHg (p less than 0.001). This study showed that because of the constancy of alveolar ventilation, the enteral nutrition-related increase of VCO2 is responsible for a PaCO2 increase and emphasized the need for adjusting artificial ventilation to any change in caloric intake in patients supported with mechanical ventilation. PMID- 6228875 TI - [Idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis and celiac disease in a child. Case report]. AB - An enteropathy with almost total atrophy of the villi was discovered in a 13-year old girl with idiopathic pulmonary haemosiderosis. Coeliac disease was strongly suspected but could not be proven. This case draws attention to the possible association of an idiopathic pulmonary haemosiderosis with a coeliac disease. PMID- 6228876 TI - [Stereotyped chromosome abnormalities in human leukemia and lymphoma]. AB - That chromosomal abnormalities in leukaemias and lymphomas are not non-randomly distributed has been demonstrated by banding techniques. Abnormalities characteristic of a given type of proliferation are described. The chromosomal breakpoints corresponding to these changes are located close to the sequences encoding for cellular oncogens (c-onc), which justifies the growing interest in the cytogenetic study of malignant cells. PMID- 6228877 TI - [Leak-proof intrathoracic esophagogastric anastomosis]. AB - The procedure described is intended for lesions of the middle or lower third of the oesophagus, when 5 cm at least of proximal thoracic oesophagus can be preserved. It involves the use of a gastric tube and is facilitated by mechanical sutures. A new fundus is created, together with a sleeve that protects the anastomosis against leakage. PMID- 6228878 TI - [Diagnosis of dysthyroidism in an internal medicine department. Evaluation of costs]. PMID- 6228879 TI - [Autochthonous anguilluliasis]. PMID- 6228880 TI - [Cubital nerve compression at the elbow by a supernumerary muscle]. PMID- 6228881 TI - [Asthmatic crises in children. Value of salbutamol nebulization]. PMID- 6228882 TI - [Isolation of 4 strains of penicillinase-producing Gonococci]. PMID- 6228883 TI - [Variations in pulmonary superoxide dismutase in human pathology]. PMID- 6228884 TI - [Adenovirus and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome/Kaposi sarcoma]. PMID- 6228886 TI - [Mixed connective tissue disease or Sharp's syndrome. Current concepts]. PMID- 6228885 TI - [Kidney cancer invading the inferior vena cava. Thrombectomy and resection of the inferior vena cava with quadruple clamping]. PMID- 6228887 TI - [Vascular complications of oral contraception. In whom and how to prevent them?]. AB - Oral contraception entails an increased risk of arterial and venous thrombosis which can only be prevented by detecting women at risk. The relative importance of various predisposing or precipitating factors was evaluated by comparing 3 groups of women: 50 oral contraceptive (OC) users with thrombosis; 50 healthy OC users and 30 controls who had never used OC's. The factors investigated were: duration of use and dose of oestrogens, age, blood pressure, serum lipid levels and tobacco smoking. In addition, all women were tested for the presence of anti ethinylestradiol antibodies (anti-EE ab) which we had previously shown to be induced by OC's in a number of women. Our results indicated that the most frequently encountered risk factor associated with vascular thrombosis was the presence of anti-EE ab and that the risk was further increased by smoking in women with these antibodies. PMID- 6228888 TI - [Treatment of hypercalcemia of myelomatous origin with intravenous diphosphonates]. AB - Diphosphonates were administered intravenously to 4 patients with myeloma-induced hypercalcaemia. All patients received EHDP 4.3 mg/kg/day for 3 to 8 days. One of them, whose hypercalcaemia recurred, was later treated with Cl 2 MDP 5 mg/kg i.v. for 8 days. In 2 patients EHDP infusions were followed by EHDP administered orally (5 mg/kg/d) for 3 weeks, after which transiliac bone biopsy was performed. In all patients calcemia fell from 130 +/- 14 to 99 +/- 4 mg/l at the end of the intravenous treatment, with parallel decrease in calciuria. Histomorphometric analysis of the bone biopsies showed few osteoclasts but massive infiltration with plasmocytes. In one case, EHDP probably induced a deficit in mineralization. Intravenous diphosphonates therefore proved to be rapidly effective in the treatment of hypercalcaemia due to malignancy. However prolonged administration of EHDP in high doses is not recommended, as it may result in osteomalacia. PMID- 6228889 TI - [Paroxysmal atrioventricular block, cause of syncope in pulmonary embolism. 2 cases]. AB - Two cases of pulmonary embolism accompanied by syncope in patients with pre existing left bundle branch block are reported. Contrary to classical descriptions, the syncopes in these two patients could not be ascribed to cardiovascular collapse, but several arguments (such as the clinical features of the syncope and its coexistence in one case with ECG evidence of complete atrio ventricular dissociation) were in favour of a paroxysmal disorder of conduction. Right bundle branch block is known to be common in pulmonary embolism and may even be more frequent in patients with left bundle branch block. In such cases, sudden and transient arrest of conduction in the right bundle would complete the left bundle branch block, thus accounting for a paroxysmal atrio-ventricular block. PMID- 6228890 TI - [Cryoglobulinemias]. AB - Cryoglobulins are serum proteins which precipitate at 4 degrees C and redissolve during warming. When purified, they can be divided by immunochemical analysis into three main groups: monoclonal cryoglobulin, mixed cryoglobulin containing a monoclonal immunoglobulin, and polyclonal mixed cryoglobulins. There is a close correlation between the immunochemical composition of cryoglobulins and the symptoms or diseases associated with their presence. PMID- 6228891 TI - [Percutaneous ablation of renal calculi]. AB - Percutaneous removal of renal calculi under nephroscopy was attempted in 34 patients. There were 19 pyelic, 9 caliceal, 3 uretero-pyelic and 3 multifocal calculi. The attempt was successful in 30 cases, the stones being removed by immediate lumbotomy in the 4 cases where it failed; 2 caliceal calculi remaining in situ are being followed up. Complete removal was effected in 19 patients. The smaller calculi were directly removed with special forceps, and the larger ones were either fragmented with a lithotriptor or disintegrated by ultrasounds or intracavitary shock waves. The postoperative period was uneventful. Stay in hospital was reduced to 4 days on average and absence from work, to 8 days. Five patients experienced renal colics due to migration of small fragments. One case of haemorrhage was easily controlled. Percutaneous removal of renal calculi is an elegant, though delicate method which seems to be of interest in persistent or recurrent pyelic or caliceal stones, in small or medium size pyelic stones and in mobile and painful caliceal stones. It undoubtedly has its place in the treatment of renal lithiasis. PMID- 6228892 TI - [Unexplained intracardiac thrombus responsible for multiple embolism]. PMID- 6228893 TI - [Acute monoarthritis after gastro-jejunal bypass for obesity]. PMID- 6228894 TI - [Lethal thrombopenia following heparin]. PMID- 6228895 TI - [Does lateral shunt ileostomy have a role in the treatment of pseudomembranous colitis?]. PMID- 6228896 TI - [Clear cell adenocarcinoma of the left kidney. Successive thyroid, duodenopancreatic and cervical lymph node metastases]. PMID- 6228897 TI - [Rupture of varices of the round ligament. Unusual cause of spontaneous hemoperitoneum in the cirrhotic patient]. PMID- 6228898 TI - [P. falciparum and P. malariae malaria complicated by pulmonary edema with disseminated intravascular coagulation]. PMID- 6228899 TI - [Maternal t(7 ;21) translocation. Balanced karyotype in the fetus]. PMID- 6228900 TI - [Vitamin D deficiency in the elderly. Role of the social life style and autonomy]. PMID- 6228901 TI - [Association of partial genetic C4 deficiency, Sjogren's syndrome and myeloma]. PMID- 6228902 TI - [One-vessel coronary stenosis. Effects of nitroglycerin on the vascular bed downstream]. PMID- 6228903 TI - [Chromosomal anomalies in the sterile male. Study of 321 subjects]. PMID- 6228905 TI - [Is lying on the stomach dangerous for the newborn infant?]. PMID- 6228904 TI - [Cutaneous sarcoidosis. Treatment with thalidomide]. PMID- 6228906 TI - [Venous thrombosis associated with hematoma of the lower limbs]. PMID- 6228907 TI - [International symposium. Cerebrovascular pathology and pathology of the aging brain. Monte Carlo, 3-4 December 1982]. PMID- 6228908 TI - [Sociological effects of cerebrovascular accidents. What does the clinician expect from the epidemiologist?]. AB - Epidemiological research has developed along two principal paths: determination of the prevalence and incidence of cerebrovascular accidents. In this respect, there is already a useful collection of data, though inadequate and, from a specifically French standpoint, new studies are required; research into risk factors, and in this area, also, available facts are sufficient to determine primary and secondary prevention strategies, though remain inadequate. The Authors suggest widening areas of epidemiological enquiry, in particular involving short, middle and long-term hospital stays, and family or community life following the accident. Mention is made of the value of developing socio economic studies by methods of human capital and personal preferences. PMID- 6228909 TI - [An estimation of the incidence of cerebrovascular accidents in France]. AB - In the absence of epidemiological data concerning France, indirect assessment was undertaken of the incidence and prevalence of cerebrovascular accidents (CVA) at a national level. An international comparison of mortality data concerning diseases of the circulatory system was first made. This analysis reviewed the existence of a certain number of inherent difficulties in the use of available statistics. It is probable that a notable proportion, increasing with age, of cases of CVA, are situated in undefined causes. A similar phenomenon should be noted with regard to cardiac causes (changes in diagnostic practice in the case of ischemic heart disease). Furthermore, mortality data for CVA are very sensitive to the effect of the age and sex structures of the populations considered. Between the years 50 and 80, the absolute number of annual deaths by CVA roughly rose from 60 000 to 70 000 in France. However, after adjustment taking into account changes in numbers, age and sex and undetermined causes, there is a marked decrease in comparative levels (almost 40%). This decrease is of the same order of magnitude as that for mortality of circulatory system diseases taken overall, as well as that of general mortality. CVA remains the 3rd cause of death (in terms of numbers) but it is only in 8th place, in terms of loss of life expectancy. Taking as the reference the American National Survey of Stroke, using a certain number of hypotheses, it is possible to estimate the incidence of CVA in France. This gives an annual number of cases of the order of 140 000, including approximately 100 000 cases of initial CVA. The corresponding prevalence is estimated at 470 000 (mean numbers of individuals suffering one or more CVA). PMID- 6228910 TI - [Risk of cerebrovascular accident in the aged hypertensive subject. Results of a 10-year longitudinal survey]. AB - A ten year longitudinal survey of 191 female elderly subjects (mean age 80 - Range 61 to 101 years) was set up to demonstrate that even a moderate isolated systolic hypertension is a powerful contributor to the incidence of cerebrovascular complications in the elderly. The incidence of cerebrovascular events was carefully recorded and was correlated with a number of parameters registered at entry into the study. The results show that isolated systolic hypertension as well as diastolic hypertension is significantly correlated to the incidence of strokes independently of other parameters (Blood Cholesterol, Blood Sugar) which do not appear in this population as risk factors of cardiovascular morbidity. This underlines the high interest of controlled therapeutic studies run in this field in elderly patients. PMID- 6228911 TI - [Development of a neurological score for the clinical evaluation of sylvian infarctions]. AB - Among the main methodological problems raised by clinical trials in cerebral vascular accidents, one of the most serious is the lack of well-established and widely accepted criteria to evaluate the course of the disease. On the basis of published scores and of several trials carried on by us in three different centres during the last few years, we have developed a neurological score devised to reflect, as accurately as possible, deficits due to infarctions in the Sylvian territory, yet rapid and simple enough to provide an objective and reproducible rating. We report here the results of a prospective study concerning the inter rater variations of the score from one centre to the other (inter-centre study) and within each centre (intra-centre study). These results have led us to withdraw three items with insufficient response rate and poor agreement, viz, "mental confusion", "visual field" and "sensory disorders". With the remaining 10 items the mean agreement between individual items varied from 85% to 90% and the global score agreement exceeded 90%. A study comparing our score with the Barthel index showed close correlation up to the autonomy threshold (Barthel index = 60) and divergent results beyond that point. The good agreement observed between inter-rater variations suggests that the score is reliable but does not inform on its sensitivity. In view of their relative independence, the neurological and the functional score should be regarded as complementary and should be used together as criteria of clinical assessment. PMID- 6228912 TI - [Critical approach to a therapeutic trial in secondary prevention of cerebral ischemic accidents by antiaggregants]. PMID- 6228913 TI - [Controlled cooperative trial of secondary prevention of cerebral ischemic accidents caused by atherosclerosis, using aspirin and dipyridamole]. AB - Six hundred and four patients with atherothrombotic cerebral ischemic events (transient: 16% or completed: 84%) referable either to the carotid or to the vertebral-basilar circulation were entered into a double blind randomized clinical trial (AICLA) to determine whether aspirin (A) (1 g/day) or aspirin (1 g) + dipyridamole (225 mg) (AD) would produce a significant reduction in the subsequent (3 years) occurrence of fatal and non fatal cerebral infarction. Randomization produced remarkably comparable treatment groups and this good comparability was maintained throughout the study. Adherence to the protocol and drug compliance were excellent. Side effects, particularly peptic ulcers and bleedings of various origin, were significantly (p less than 0.03) more frequent in the two treatment groups containing aspirin. At the end of the study (3 years), the number of fatal and non fatal cerebral infarction was 31 in the P group (placebo), 17 in the A group and 18 in the AD group. Taking into account the duration of follow up for each patient, these figures correspond to cumulate rates of 18% in the P group and 10.5% in the 2 others. Analysis with the Mantel Method showed: a difference at the 6% level between the 3 groups and between P and AD; a difference at the 5% level between P and A; no difference between A and AD; a difference at the 2% level between the P group and the two treated groups taken together (A + AD).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6228914 TI - [Cerebral blood flow and metabolism, and neurologic deficit in an experimental infarction. Application to the study of an ergot derivative]. AB - Both age and hypertension are risk factors for the brain. In the presence of a multiple cerebral infarction as obtained by the intra-carotid injection of sodium arachidonate, Hydergine is capable, in the young and old, hypertensive or normotensive rat, of limiting the extent of the edematous reaction, to prevent the intra-cerebral accumulation of Ca++ ions, and limit the fall in cerebral blood flow, all of these facts resulting in a significant improvement in neuromotor behaviour. PMID- 6228915 TI - [Learning, hemodynamic and metabolic attendant effects in aged animals after an acute ischemic accident]. AB - The effects of ageing in normal and pathological rats were studied. Learning (spatio-temporal test) was measured simultaneously with the local cerebral blood flow, determined by a diffusible indicator (iodoantipyrine) and with the uptake and consumption of glucose, determined by the deoxyglucose. Normal ageing disturbs the learning with a decrease in acquisition speed and an increase in the number of errors. Furthermore, normal ageing induces a decrease in glucose uptake and in glucose consumption in the brain structures such as hippocampus or corpus striatum, with only a slight decrease in local cerebral blood flow. Dihydroergotoxine partially reestablishes the performances of the rats and increases the glucose consumption in the areas involved in learning. Pathological ageing, produced by the administration of microspheres and corresponding to the multi-infarct dementia, is correlated to a large decrease in glucose consumption and local blood flow. Dihydroergotoxine treatment partially suppresses the micro infarct effects before the reestablishment of rat performance in behavioral tests. PMID- 6228916 TI - [Positron emission tomography in the physiopathological study of cerebral ischemia in man]. AB - The development of positron emission tomography now allows the local study of cerebral blood flow, oxygen consumption and glucose utilization in ischemic stroke patients. In recent cerebral infarction, a disruption of the normal couple between flow and metabolism is almost constantly observed: in the first few days cerebral blood flow is either inadequate (persistent ischemia) or over-abundant ("luxury perfusion"), whereas a late "luxury perfusion" is almost constant within the necrotic area between the 10th and the 40th day. Threshold values for cerebral blood flow and oxygen consumption that are ultimately associated with necrosis or tissue integrity have been determined. A metabolic depression without C.T. Scan counterpart has been observed in various brain structures remote from the infarcted area per se. Lastly, the hemodynamic and metabolic effects the superficial-temporal-middle-cerebral-artery anastomosis have been studied. PMID- 6228917 TI - [Computed tomography in the diagnosis and surveillance of cerebrovascular accidents]. AB - In cerebral hemorrhage, it provides an easy and early diagnosis, by demonstrating hyperdensity indicative of the presence of coagulated blood in the cerebral tissue. During the course of the illness, this hyperdensity progressively lessens, to disappear within a varying interval of time. The sequelae are seen as a cavity, the density of which is close to that of the CSF. In cerebral infarctions, the scan remains normal for the first few hours, and its only value at this stage is to eliminate cerebral hemorrhage before anticoagulants are prescribed. It is only after 24 to 48 hours that the fundamental sign is seen, that is hypodensity of the ischemic territory. This hypodensity may be accompanied by a mass effect and, above all, the uptake of contrast, which may be of great diagnostic importance, and the significance of which has been widely discussed. The course takes the form of the progressive development of the sequelary cystic appearance. PMID- 6228918 TI - [Digital subtraction angiography in ischemic cerebrovascular accidents]. AB - Recent advances in computer and radiological technology have permitted reassessment of intravenous angiography in the evaluation of cerebrovascular disorders. Although digital subtraction angiography is a relatively new technique, it has rapidly gained a widespread acceptance. It has extended the use of angiography to outpatients and to people in whom conventional angiography is contraindicated. This reliable, safe, and relatively noninvasive technique offers the user two benefits: real-time subtraction and enhanced image quality. The system allows angiographic evaluation of the extracranial and intracranial vessels by means of intravenous injection of contrast material. Extracranial studies clearly demonstrate stenoses and occlusions of the major cervicocephalic arteries. Intracranial studies usually detect major cerebrovascular occlusions and provide insight into the collateral flow patterns. Intravenous digital subtraction angiography permits accurate assessment of cervicocephalic vessels after surgical repair. Although intravenous digital subtraction angiography obviates the need for conventional angiography in many cases, movements from the patients, or superimposition of vascular structures can substantially degrade the quality of the images. Digital subtraction angiography with intra-arterial injection of contrast medium will be contemplated in patients with poor intravenous digital subtraction angiography studies prior to surgery. PMID- 6228919 TI - [Applications of nuclear magnetic resonance to the study of cerebrovascular diseases]. PMID- 6228920 TI - [Hemodynamic study of acute encephalomalacia with xenon 133. Incidence of a global loss of autoregulation]. PMID- 6228921 TI - [The hematocrit and cerebrovascular accidents]. AB - That an elevated haemoglobin or haematocrit is a risk factor in stroke is suggested by the prospective epidemiological evidence from Framingham. Our own study of a series of patients with transient ischaemic attacks revealed that even when due allowance was made for interaction between haematocrit, hypertension and smoking, there was still evidence that both male and female patients had a higher haematocrit than age and sex matched controls. Toghi's autopsy study further shows that cerebral infarction is more frequently found in the elderly population in subjects with a high haematocrit, the effect being most obvious in the presence of severe cerebral atherosclerosis. Cerebral blood flow is inversely related to haematocrit, reflecting the physiological maintenance of oxygen supply according to the metabolic demands of cerebral tissue. When oxygen carriage is enhanced at high haematocrit, flow falls. This could however, predispose in the face of atheroma to thrombosis, a suggestion given some support by the finding that amongst TIA patients the greatest proportion with a haematocrit over 50 were found among those with thrombotic carotid occlusion. The effect of haematocrit on flow might become limiting when considering collateral flow, and flow in a maximally dilated vascular bed in the territory of recent infarction. This hypothesis is supported by the finding that the size of the cerebral infarct accompanying carotid occlusion is greater in patients with an elevated haematocrit.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6228922 TI - [Auditory evoked brain stem potentials and ischemic pathology of the vertebrobasilar system]. AB - Brain stem auditory evoked potentials in subjects with transient ischemic attacks of the vertebro-basilar system and a high "vascular index" (based on clinical and paraclinical criteria) show an abnormal elevation of the intervals I-III, III-V and I-V compared to the values obtained in normal subjects under the same conditions. In subjects with functional signs of vertebro-basilar ischemic attacks without an abnormal "vascular index", the intervals I-III and I-V are slightly raised, however the interval III-V is not significantly modified. These results stress the value of recording early auditory evoked potentials in the objective evaluation of transient ischemic attacks of the vertebro-basilar system. PMID- 6228923 TI - [Changes in the neuronal milieu of the basal ganglia in the aged subject may concern neuropeptides]. PMID- 6228924 TI - [Pathology of catecholaminergic innervation of the cerebral cortex in Alzheimer's dementia]. AB - Changes in cerebral catecholaminergic pathways in Alzheimer type dementia would appear to involve both the noradrenergic and the dopaminergic system in their sub cortical and cortical distribution, but the essential information currently available involves the noradrenergic innervation of the cerebral cortex. Involvement of this system was first detected by the authors using fluorescence histochemistry on biopsy specimens. In addition to the notable decrease in noradrenergic axons, three types of changes were seen: irregular axonal swelling with neurotransmitter diffusion phenomena, appearances of axonal interruption and, specific to the three cases of pre-senile form of Alzheimer's disease which were studied, the presence of large spherical or fusiform dilatations on the axonal endings, close to senile plaques. Thus histochemical study indicates the possibility of complex involvement, not only of synthesis of the neurotransmitter, but probably also of other properties of the noradrenergic axons: axonal flow, membrane permeability and hence, possibly liberation, uptake and storage of the mediator. These histochemical findings have been confirmed by other teams, who have demonstrated a neuronal loss of 20 to 80% in the locus coeruleus, a nucleus providing the cortical noradrenergic bundle. In addition, biochemical estimations have revealed either a severe reduction of the order of 90% in endogenous noradrenaline (3 personal cases), or a fall of 20 to 45% (cases from the literature), in relation with the method of biopsy or autopsy specimen and the form of pre-senile or senile dementia.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6228925 TI - [Stereomorphometric studies of capillaries and nerve cells in the normal brain of the aged subject and in Alzheimer's disease]. AB - Stereological investigations of putamen, frontal gyrus and precentral gyrus in Alzheimer's disease and in age-matched controls were performed with an optical electronic image analysis system (Leitz). In all layers of the frontal cortex, a significant atrophy of neuronal perikarya is observed in Alzheimer's disease compared with normally aged specimen. In putamen, a non significant decrease is measured in the area of nerve cells. The morphometric results of the capillary measurements show a 40% increase of the capillary volume in the brain cortex of the Alzheimer group compared with the controls. These results which are probably localized in cortex represent gross atrophy of the frontal brain in senile dementia of the Alzheimer type. No changes of this kind can be observed in young individuals (19-45 years) or the normal aged group (85-95 years). PMID- 6228926 TI - [Aging of cognitive functions. Results of a longitudinal study]. AB - This study had the two following purposes: to assess the age-related changes in the fluid and crystallized components of intelligence in subjects over age sixty five; to examine whether these age-related changes were linked to any biological, psychological and social factors. The sample was composed of 50 male subjects who were examined three times: in 1968, 1973 and 1977. At the beginning of the study, their age ranged from 60 to 79 years and they were all in good health. In the whole, their socio-economic level was high. At each wave of the study, these subjects were given the same battery of three mental tests: a vocabulary test, selected to assess crystallized intelligence; a perceptual test and a speeded digit coding test, both selected to assess fluid intelligence. Results show that the two components of intelligence have different aging trajectories over age sixty. On the vocabulary test, performances hold until an advanced age (about 75 80), then significantly decline. On the perceptual and digit coding tests, performances sharply and significantly decline with age, this decline looking approximately linear. Whatever the test used, individual differences in age related changes in performance are found to be great. On vocabulary test, this variability is linked to two factors, independently of age: among subjects who have suffered from a cardio-arterial disease between wave 1 and wave 3, as well as in those who have not maintained an occupational activity, decline in performance is greater than in other subjects. On the two other tests, no factor was found to be significantly linked with change in performance between wave 1 and wave 3. PMID- 6228927 TI - [Methods of psychometric evaluation in geriatrics. Choice of an instrument and its reliability criteria]. AB - As evaluation of patients functioning has become the key-stone of geriatric practice, the appropriated choice of a measuring instrument is of great importance. This article reviews rules and guidelines for a general approach to the orientation of this choice as well as the criteria of reliability of the chosen instrument. Starting from the principle that there is no universal instrument, but only instruments which are more or less adapted to the various requirements, the general characteristics which determine this choice are examined and discussed one by one. They concern the purpose, the study population, the rater, the applications and the variables, the type of instrument and the validation works. The various forms of validity, reliability and sensitivity are listed and defined. These criteria of reliability apply essentially to psychometric instruments with quantitative criteria of measurement, but not to clinical tests which have a qualitative evaluation and which are widely used in neurology. In geriatrics, particular attention should be paid to instruments with a high and demonstrated "face validity". PMID- 6228929 TI - [Clinical evaluation in geriatric psychopharmacology. The point of view of the pharmaceutical industry]. AB - In order to promote optimal characterization of new drugs for the psychogeriatric patient, a clear delineation of both patients and therapies is needed. Diagnostic evaluation of the patient includes a careful differential diagnosis, a definition of target symptoms and an evaluation of severity and stage of disease. Criteria for assessment of drug efficacy must take into account the pharmacological effects of the drug, the hypothesis to be investigated and the target population. Drug assessment should include indicators of drug activity such as physiological, biochemical or psychometric measurements. In order to facilitate progress in geriatric psychopharmacology, full use should be made of the various hypothesis for drug treatment originating from the rapid advancement in our understanding of the biological basis of senile mental incapacitation. PMID- 6228928 TI - [Methodological problems in geriatric psychopharmacology]. PMID- 6228930 TI - Directive principles for trials of cerebrally-acting drugs to be performed by groups of general practitioners. AB - The authors explain why clinical trials of drugs acting on the brain should be carried out in ambulatory geriatric patients by groups of general practitioners. On the basis of their experience, they endeavour to lay down the basic principles and conditions required for such trials. PMID- 6228931 TI - [ Retroactive visual masking. Use in evaluation and therapeutic trials in senile dementia]. AB - An adaptation of the retroactive visual masking test has been developed, using a micro-computer with automation of the protocol and of the analysis of the results. The essential parameter obtained from this test is the T50 (in ms) which is the delay necessary between the letter and the mask for the subject to be able to correctly identify 50% of the letters which are presented to him. The T50 becomes shorter from childhood until adulthood, then progressively increases. It is significantly longer in elderly hospitalized subjects than in those living at home. The retroactive visual masking test can be used to evaluate the effect of physical training on the intellectual function of elderly subjects. It has good reproducibility with usually negligible learning. It is simple and inexpensive, making it a useful tool in the investigation of intellectual deterioration in the elderly. PMID- 6228932 TI - [Measurement of the attention capacity in the aged subject using evoked potentials]. PMID- 6228934 TI - [Pharmacokinetics: a contribution in clinical geriatric pharmacology?]. AB - Clinical pharmacology in elderly patients and its therapeutic implications come up against the difficulty to consider independently the factor age from the other factors, influencing the kinetics in this population. The knowledge of pharmacokinetics give essential informations for the development of new pharmaceutical forms, adjustment of dosage regimen and recommendations for drug intake in order to minimize the variations in bioavailability and to improve compliance. In regard of results, obtained in such studies, individualized treatment in function of age could possibly be considered. These different aspects are illustrated by recent studies on dihydroergotoxine, a geriatric drug for which improvements in therapy, based on new kinetic informations and the development of new galenical forms, can be expected. Though pharmacokinetics is a useful tool in clinical pharmacology in elderly patients, more informations of the influence of age on the physiology and biochemistry are needed to better explain the difference of response of this population to drug treatment. PMID- 6228933 TI - [Neuropsychological study of decline of attention and drug therapy of patients with Alzheimer's disease]. AB - The present study provided a neuropsychological assessment of impaired attention in Alzheimer's patients (57-89 years of age). Three control groups were evaluated: young normals (ages 18-32 years of age), an older group (55-69 years of age), and an elderly group (70-85 years of age). Alzheimer's patients showed an absence of CNV rebound and impairment in attention performance. They also showed significantly less facilitation in speed of response by a preparatory signal than the non-patient groups. These findings suggested a possible discontinuity between normal aging and Alzheimer's disease. On the other hand, a comparison of young, normal elderly, and Alzheimer's groups indicated a pattern of systematic decrease in CNV rebound, lowered short-term memory performance, and slowing of reaction time during divided-attention, a finding that suggests normal aging and senile dementia to represent quantitative differences on a continuum of gradual age-related deterioration. Alzheimer's patients showed elevated levels of basal heart rate and eyeblink rate and increased oculomotor responsiveness in divided-attention conditions. This finding was interpreted as compelling evidence against the concept of hypoactivity in senile dementia and as support for a distraction-arousal interpretation of impaired attention in Alzheimer's patients, although decreased basal myogenic activity and lowered heart rate levels during divided attention in the patients indicated selectively dampened psycho physiological functioning. Distraction-arousal processes appeared to be curtailed in the patient group after Hydergine treatment. PMID- 6228935 TI - [Computerized tests of attention, memory and motor performance applied to geriatric research]. AB - The purpose of this paper is to present certain psychological tests adapted for computerized testing of subjects. The reasons why we have considered such tests are numerous: computerized test facilitate measurement of reaction time, testing conditions are standardized without reliance on performance of research assistants, data can be recorded on disc storage without paper handling, preliminary analyses and individual results can be available immediately after testing, simulation of certain real-life situations is possible, randomization of testing materials is facilitated. The computerized testing paradigms for use in gerontology to be discussed are: one an attention task of possible use in psychological research; the second a memory task aimed at basic cognitive psychological research and finally a performance task relating to a complex motor ability (flying). All provide inexpensive, reliable, quantified data and all use the same hardware. It is expected that this area will expand enormously and rapidly. PMID- 6228936 TI - [Methodology of a controlled trial of dihydroergotoxine in acquired intellectual impairment in the adult]. AB - The aim of the trial was to compare the clinical efficacy of dihydroergotoxin with a placebo, and to define its indications in the treatment of acquired dementia of abiotrophic origin (degeneration by primary cerebral atrophy) or arteriopathic (deterioration as the result of multiple cerebral infarcts) origin. It was a single centre, double-blind, randomized, controlled, experimental clinical trial. The trial involved 3 groups, each corresponding to a stage of increasing severity. Each group was randomized separately. The separation between the abiotrophic dementia group and the arteriopathic dementia group was made after the trial, on the basis of clinical criteria (Hachinski ischemic score), and a scan when applicable. The number of subjects necessary was fixed at 100 (33 per group). The duration of the trial was 6 months per patient. PMID- 6228937 TI - [Identification, evaluation and treatment of dementia patients in society]. AB - Patients with "mild to moderate" dementia might improve with appropriate drug therapy whereas patients with "severe" dementia are generally considered to have an irreversible condition, providing acute metabolic disorders have been excluded and appropriate investigations have been performed to exclude neurological conditions that might be amenable to neurosurgery. Since it is unlikely that this type of patient will be referred to the hospital outpatient clinics, it is necessary to identify these patients in the community. For this purpose, authors have used the Abbreviated Mental Test. A comparison between two observers (nurse and doctor) has been made. Subsequently, a 6 symptoms check-list, as abbreviated form of the Crichton Royal Rating Scale for geriatric patients, was used in an open pilot study on 260 patients completing a 12 weeks treatment by dihydroergotoxine mesylate (codergocrine mesylate, Hydergine) 4.5 mg once a day. Although this was an open pilot study, it does show that it is possible to identify and treat patients with "mild to moderate" dementia in the community. A single dose formulation in the elderly has obvious advantages. In this study, compliance was excellent and 88% of the patients showed significant improvement using the suggested rating scales. PMID- 6228938 TI - [Dihydroergotoxine mesylate in the treatment of senile cerebral insufficiency. Result of a long-term multicenter double-blind clinical trial with a placebo]. AB - Many controlled double-blind clinical trials against placebo and other drugs have clearly demonstrated the activity of dihydroergotoxine mesylate (DHT) on some symptoms of chronic senile cerebral insufficiency (CSCI). In spite of this, there is still some controversy about the usefulness of DHT for treatment of CSCI, as it seems to be hard to transpose the results of these studies to treatment of a population with DHT. Trying to overcome this criticism, a multicenter double blind, placebo-controlled long-term (1 year) clinical trial has been planned, using very simple criteria for patient selection and easy to use assessment devices. Fifty two centres distributed throughout Italy were invited and 40 took active part in the study. The present report deals with data collected for analysis on Aug. 31, 1982. On this date 559 patients entered the study and 458 were under treatment (229 on DHT 1.5 mg t.i.d. and 229 on placebo). 101 patients dropped out (48 on DHT and 53 on placebo). 388 patients (195 on DHT and 193 on placebo) had completed 6 months and 204 (111 on DHT and 93 on placebo) had completed 1 year of treatment. The data from patients who completed 6 and 12 months of treatment period were analyzed statistically using Student t tests for paired and unpaired data, the large number of patients being adequate protection against any non normality in the distribution of the data. Differences with 2P values of 0.01 or less were considered significant.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6228939 TI - Haemodialysis, continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis and cellular immunity. AB - The cellular immunity of haemodialysis and continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients was studied with regards to T-lymphocyte subsets and to suppressor T-cell function. The two groups of patients showed similar alterations: low proportions of suppressor-cytotoxic T-cells and low suppressive activity. In both groups there is a deterioration of this suppressive activity with time on dialysis. PMID- 6228940 TI - T cytotoxic/suppressor cells and T helper cells in fine needle renal allograft aspirates during different phases of rejection. PMID- 6228941 TI - Interleukin-2 production after blood transfusions in prospective kidney transplant recipients. AB - We have investigated whether suppression of the allogeneic response after blood transfusion (BT) could be due to inhibition of the production or activity of Interleukin-2 (IL-2), a soluble mediator involved in T lymphocyte proliferation. Reduction of IL-2 production after BT was less frequent than, but significantly associated with, non specific MLR suppression. However, MLR suppressor cells did not inhibit the release of IL-2 from autologous pre-BT lymphocytes. In addition, post-BT soluble suppressor factors of the MLR did not affect the ability of IL-2 to promote cell proliferation. Thus, although MLR suppression after BT is associated with reduced IL-2 production, this is not a major mechanism involved in this effect. PMID- 6228942 TI - Severe side-effects of captopril in advanced chronic kidney insufficiency. AB - Using equal or lower than manufacturer's recommended doses of Captopril in 10 hypertensive patients with creatinine clearance less than 30 ml/min severe side effects were observed in four cases. The adverse reactions continued after stopping the drug. One case developed symptomatic thrombocytopenia; one other, a lethal infected exfoliative dermatitis and an irreversible deterioration of her renal function. The other two cases demonstrated severe aggravation of their CRF, one requiring dialysis. The protective effect of dialysis against these side effects is obvious in this series and dialysis may also accelerate the resolution of the complications. Suggestions for the management of this kind of patient with Captopril are made. PMID- 6228943 TI - Restenosis of the renal artery after percutaneous transluminal renal angioplasty: an inevitable outcome? AB - We performed follow-up studies in 26 patients four to 36 months after percutaneous transluminal renal angioplasty. Restenosis was found in 47 per cent of the patients who had an atherosclerotic type of stenosis and in 14 per cent of the patients with fibromuscular dysplasia. We could not detect any significant differences between the atherosclerotic patients who did develop restenosis and those who did not. In fact, the presence of generalised atherosclerosis, the severity of the stenosis and the initial success of the dilatation were similar in the two groups. It thus cannot be predicted which patients will develop restenosis. PMID- 6228944 TI - Percutaneous angioplasty for treatment of renovascular hypertension. AB - In this study, 10 patients with renovascular hypertension were treated with percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA). The obstructive lesion was atherosclerotic in four cases, fibrodysplastic in five, and mixed in one. Stenosis was bilateral in two patients. Before PTA, all patients had sustained hypertension, in nine despite medication. Immediately after PTA, hypertension was cured (BP less than or equal to 140/90 mmHg without medication) in six patients, and improved (either a BP less than or equal to 140/90 or a decrease in diastolic BP greater than 15 mmHg, with equal or less medication) in three patients. The one failure occurred in the only patient in which PTA did not achieve a complete dilatation of the stenosed artery. The overall success rate was 90 per cent after a mean follow-up of 17.5 months. PMID- 6228945 TI - [Several cases of non-phlebologic pigmentation of the lower extremities]. AB - Hyperpigmentation of the lower limbs does not always reflect a phlebological abnormality. The authors briefly recall other pathological circumstances which result in cutaneous hyperpigmentation : cutaneous porphyria (hyperpigmentation of the exposed parts), malignant melanoma, Recklinghausen's neurofibromatosis (cafe au-lait spots and naevo-cellular naevi), pigmented dermatoses (lichen planus), fixed pigmented toxidermias, drug induced hyperpigmentations (minocyne, synthetic anti-malarials which can provoke the development of large areas of greyish coloured s in), reticular "hot water bottle" dermatitis and malingering syndromes. PMID- 6228946 TI - [Constitutional hypermobility as a problem in the rehabilitation of "vertebragenous" pain syndromes]. AB - Load-dependent pain in the locomotion system in generally a sign of muscular incoordinations. The type of muscle disturbance is used as an indicant for purposeful physiotherapy. Patients with "constitutional hypermobility" belong to the physiotherapeutic problem patients. Such patients show signs of minimal brain dysfunction like those described by Janda for adults. It is suspected that constitutional hypermobility is only a single expression of a complex motor control disturbance in which muscular hypotonia plays an important role. This always involves considerable problems in connection with rehabilitation. PMID- 6228947 TI - The effect of low doses of d-amphetamine on drug-induced hyperactivity in the mouse. AB - The effect of low doses (7.5-250 micrograms/kg) of d-amphetamine was studied on benztropine- or gamma-butyrolactone-induced hyperactivity in the mouse. Amphetamine 30-125 micrograms/kg significantly attenuated the drug-induced hyperactivity. This effect was antagonised by both cinanserin and p chlorophenylalanine. The results suggest that low doses of d-amphetamine release 5-hydroxytryptamine, which in turn has an inhibitory effect on locomotor activity. This effect was masked at higher doses of d-amphetamine due to a release of dopamine. PMID- 6228948 TI - The concurrent presence of an oral lichenoid drug reaction and an oral lichen planus. PMID- 6228949 TI - The heart disease of Friedreich's ataxia: a clinical and electrocardiographic study of 115 patients, with an analysis of serial electrocardiographic changes in 30 cases. AB - One hundred and fifteen patients with carefully defined Friedreich's ataxia were assessed clinically and electrocardiographically for evidence of heart disease. Cardiac symptoms, of which dyspnoea and palpitations were the most frequent, occurred in less than 30 per cent. Abnormalities on clinical examination were present in a similar proportion; harsh systolic murmurs, ventricular hypertrophy and added heart sounds were the commonest of these. Cardiac failure and persistent arrhythmias were rare and occurred late in the evolution of the neurological disease. Two patients presented with heart disease before developing neurological symptoms. Cardiac signs and symptoms were uncommon in patients without electrocardiographic abnormalities. About two-thirds of the cases had definitely abnormal ECG recordings. The characteristic finding was of widespread T-wave inversion with ventricular hypertrophy. Serial ECGs, recorded over periods of up to 32 years, were available in 30 cases and showed that abnormalities may develop in patients with Friedreich's ataxia at any time up until 20 years after the onset of neurological symptoms. In four patients initial ECG abnormalities had either improved or disappeared subsequently. PMID- 6228950 TI - Acute exposure to pulsed microwaves affects neither pentylenetetrazol seizures in the rat nor chlordiazepoxide protection against such seizures. AB - Three experiments failed to provide consistent evidence for an effect of 2.70 GHz pulsed microwave radiation up to 20 mW/cm2 on pentylenetetrazol-induced seizures or on the efficacy of chlordiazepoxide for counteracting such seizures. Microwave radiation counteracted the hypothermic effects of chlordiazepoxide without altering its antiseizure efficacy. This underscores the dissociation between thermal and pharmacological effects of microwaves. PMID- 6228951 TI - [Effect of MEA on DNA degradation in permeable irradiated Bac. stearothermophilus cells]. AB - It was shown that DNA-degrading activity of permeable, intact and gamma irradiated cells of Bac. stearothermophilus decreased under the effect of beta mercaptoethylamine (MEA). MEA decreased also a DNAase activity, in a crude acellular extract of Bac. stearothermophilus, and activities of S1-nuclease and DNAase I. The data obtained prompt an assumption that MEA has an inhibitory action on the activity of endonucleases irrespective of their substrate specificity. PMID- 6228953 TI - Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of the iliac arteries: intravenous digital subtraction angiography for follow-up. AB - A group of 25 patients who had suspected aortoiliac disease was screened using digital subtraction angiography (DSA) and conventional catheter arteriography with an overall accuracy of 88% for DSA. A second group of 50 consecutive patients who had undergone iliac angioplasty at least two years previously was examined with DSA, and a satisfactory examination was obtained in 94% of the cases; 89% of the angioplasty sites remained free of significant stenotic disease without evidence of complications related to angioplasty. We compared findings of DSA of the aortoiliac segment with findings of Doppler examinations and found the procedures to be complementary. We conclude that DSA is a reliable method for follow-up of iliac angioplasty sites, and meets with considerable acceptance from patients. PMID- 6228952 TI - Percutaneous embolectomy by transcatheter aspiration. Work in progress. AB - Distal embolization occurred in 14 of 339 (4%) attempted percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) procedures, including five of 225 stenoses (2.2%) and nine of the 81 occlusions (11%) that were crossed successfully in 114 attempts (8%). Transcatheter embolectomy by aspiration through a nontapered large bore catheter was technically successful in five of six attempts (83%), and was combined with successful PTA in three of five patients. In two patients in whom the clinical result of PTA was considered unsatisfactory, successful transcatheter embolectomy permitted an uncomplicated surgical by-pass procedure to be performed. If clinically significant embolization occurs during PTA, this procedure can be attempted prior to surgical embolectomy as an alternative to local fibrinolytic therapy. PMID- 6228954 TI - Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of the renal arteries: intravenous digital subtraction angiography for follow-up. AB - A group of 50 consecutive patients who had undergone successful renal angioplasty two or more years previously was studied by video digital subtraction angiography (DSA). Thirty additional patients were studied by both DSA and conventional catheter arteriography. Among the 30 patients, DSA findings agreed with the arteriographic findings in 87% of the examinations: 92% of the postangioplasty patients had satisfactory DSA examinations. Using DSA two years after angioplasty, we were able to determine a restenosis rate of 22.5% among patients with atherosclerosis and of 0% among patients who had fibromuscular disease. DSA provides a useful method to follow-up renal angioplasty, and it is well accepted by patients. PMID- 6228955 TI - Malignant external otitis: early scintigraphic detection. AB - Pseudomonas otitis externa in elderly diabetics may extend aggressively to adjacent bone, cranial nerves, meninges, and vessels, leading to a clinical diagnosis of "malignant" external otitis. Early diagnosis is necessary for successful treatment. This study compares the findings of initial radiographs, thin-section tomography of temporal bone, CT scans of head and neck, technetium 99m methylene diphosphonate (MDP) and gallium-67 citrate scintigraphy, and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) for detection of temporal bone osteomyelitis in ten patients fulfilling the clinical diagnostic criteria of malignant external otitis. Skull radiographs were negative in all of the eight patients studied. Thin-section tomography was positive in one of the seven patients studied using this modality. CT scanning suggested osteomyelitis in three of nine patients. Both Tc-99m and Ga-67 citrate scintigraphy were positive in 10 of 10 patients. Three patients who were considered to be in clinical remission had positive Tc-99m scans and normal Ga-67 scans. These results suggest that technetium and gallium scintigraphy are more sensitive than radiographs and CT scans for early detection of malignant external otitis. Gallium scintigraphy appears to be more specific for follow-up evaluation of these patients. PMID- 6228956 TI - Balloon-inflation device. The inflation helix. AB - A simple, lightweight plastic device is described for the inflation of balloons in order to perform transluminal angioplasty. PMID- 6228957 TI - Use of technetium-99m macroaggregated albumin to evaluate the position and condition of totally implanted venous and arterial access devices. AB - Technetium-99m macroaggregated albumin is used to assess the proper location and condition of a totally implanted venous and arterial access system prior to infusion therapy. The risk of drug extravasation is thus avoided. Delivery of the chemotherapeutic agents to the intended location is assured. PMID- 6228958 TI - [Metal binding proteins in microorganisms]. PMID- 6228959 TI - [Dynein in cell motility]. PMID- 6228960 TI - [Drug-induced erythemas]. PMID- 6228961 TI - [Candida skin infection in workers of the Barka fish processing plant in Kolobrzeg]. PMID- 6228962 TI - [Chromium allergy in miners of the Rybnik Coal District]. PMID- 6228963 TI - [Contact dermatitis in metallurgy workers]. PMID- 6228964 TI - [Viability of blood stored in receptacles of different sources]. PMID- 6228965 TI - [Between old and new]. PMID- 6228966 TI - [Ophthalmological dietetic data]. PMID- 6228967 TI - [Papillary changes in chronic simple glaucoma]. PMID- 6228968 TI - [Clinical and laboratory study of humoral and cell-mediated autoimmunity in uveitis]. PMID- 6228970 TI - [Ca-45 up-take in the normal crystalline lens and in experimentally-induced cataract]. PMID- 6228971 TI - [Ocular aspects of prematurity]. PMID- 6228969 TI - [Tomodensitometry. Its contribution to affirming the diagnosis of orbito-ocular pathology]. PMID- 6228972 TI - [Hypertensive uveitis. I. Acute hypertensive iridocyclitis]. PMID- 6228973 TI - [The place of cryocoagulation in the treatment of diabetic retinopathy]. PMID- 6228974 TI - [Operative technics in congenital glaucoma]. PMID- 6228975 TI - [Late results of goniotomy in congenital glaucoma]. PMID- 6228976 TI - [Some problems raised by the treatment of congenital cataracts]. PMID- 6228977 TI - [Anticoagulant and antifibrinolytic medication in ophthalmology]. PMID- 6228978 TI - [Peripheral vitreoretinal degeneration (Wagner's syndrome)]. PMID- 6228979 TI - [History of eyeglasses]. PMID- 6228980 TI - [Osteosynthesis in children. Technics and indications]. PMID- 6228981 TI - [Fractures of the femoral shaft in children. Apropos of a homogeneous series of 97 fractures]. AB - The authors have analysed the results of 97 fractures of the femoral shaft in children. In 75 instances, the treatment was conservative-traction followed by a plaster cast after three weeks. The reduction was satisfactory in only 19 cases. The plaster cast did not prevent secondary displacement. After surgical treatment, complications were observed in one third of the cases. The review of the cases with a long follow up showed that with growth, there was good remodelling. In 95 p. 100 of the children there was no loss of function detectable by the family, and only a careful clinical and radiological examination was able to demonstrate some sequelae. PMID- 6228982 TI - [Dynamic radiologic examination of the wrist]. AB - Several possible lesions of ligaments may be diagnosed using dynamic radiographs in radial or ulnar deviation, with stressing in torsion, traction, or radial, ulnar, anterior or posterior displacement. The initial position is strictly defined in the front and sagittal planes. The shapes of the bones, their relationship and the joint lines are observed. The authors have made a complete study of the normal wrist and describe some pathological conditions including dislocations, disjunctions between the scaphoid and lunate, mid-carpal sprains and radio-carpal sprains. Descriptions are given as to how to obtain standard radiographs in a painful wrist. Five views are necessary, four in the frontal plane, (radial and ulnar angulation, radial and ulnar displacement) and one in the sagittal plane. PMID- 6228983 TI - [The first Zancolli procedure in the treatment of cubital and mediocubital claw hand. Apropos of 32 cases]. AB - The authors have reviewed 32 cases of claw hand due to lesions of the ulnar nerve only in 25 cases or associated lesions of the ulnar and median nerve in 7 cases treated by the first Zancolli procedure. This procedure consists of advancement of the pulleys and anterior capsulorraphy of the metacarpo-phalangeal joints. One case had to be operated on twice. In 25 instances there was a complete division of the nerve. One 17 occasions the procedure was done on the ring and little fingers only and on 12 occasions on the other finger. The results were excellent or good in 23 cases. An associated tendon transfer in the thumb was done in all cases in which there was an associated median lesion. PMID- 6228984 TI - [Lesions of the circumflex nerve. Apropos of 19 cases]. AB - The authors studied a series of 19 lesions of the circumflex nerve either isolated (14 cases) or in association with a lesion of the suprascapular or musculocutaneous nerves. All were treated surgically. One was caused by a gunshot wound, the others were due to traction on the axillary region, and associated with anterior dislocation of the shoulder in five cases, a fracture of the humerus in two cases and a fracture of the clavicle in one case. Despite complete paralysis of the deltoid, active abduction was often possible. The operation took place 4 to 6 months after injury. In the 14 cases of isolated lesions of the circumflex nerve, the nerve was approached both anteriorly and posteriorly. It was always found to be divided and could be repaired by grafting in 10 cases, and secondary suture in one case. On three occasions the lesion was too distal and could not be repaired. When repair was possible, two excellent and eight good results were obtained, one case being too recent for follow up. In cases of associated lesions of the circumflex and suprascapular nerves, the repair of the latter was not possible and results were poor. In contrast, in cases of associated lesions of the circumflex and musculocutaneous nerves, repair was possible with satisfactory results at the level of the deltoid and biceps. These results indicate that an earlier diagnosis would allow a repair and a more satisfactory condition of lesions which are close to the motor end plates and of relatively good prognosis. PMID- 6228985 TI - [Intramedullary locking nailing. Experimental study. Surgical technic. Results]. AB - The authors describe a new type of intramedullary nail used mainly in the femur and or tibia. This nail can be locked by the provision of holes into which screws can be driven transversely. The technique of insertion is described and the use of ancillary devices. The advantages are that weight-bearing can be commenced early even in comminuted fractures. The method includes open reduction of the fracture and allows some compression of the fracture site. The results of a biomechanical study are given. One hundred and forty six patients have been operated on with only 2 non-unions. The authors consider that their method is superior to plating and can be applied in cases that could not be fixed by conventional nails. PMID- 6228987 TI - [Excessively long calcaneal spur. A rudimentary form of calcaneo-navicular synostosis]. AB - The authors have seen 5 children aged between 12 and 16 years suffering from a painful foot described as a recurrent sprain. Movements of the subtalar joint were limited and radiographs showed a hypertrophic calcaneal spur projecting towards the navicular but without fusion between the calcaneus and navicular. The calcaneal spurs were resected with good results and with an immediate symptomatic improvement. PMID- 6228986 TI - [Failure of surgery for lumbar spinal stenosis. Apropos of 38 cases verified by computed x-ray tomography]. AB - The authors have reviewed 38 patients who had been operated on for lumbar spinal stenosis. All were studied by C.A.T. scanning. In 28 instances the results were satisfactory. In 22, the scan was normal but in 4 a central stenosis remained and in two a lateral stenosis. Despite the fact that the patients were asymptomatic, the authors consider that they may be subject to recurrence in future. The results were fair or poor with persistent neurological claudication or root impairment. In 8 instances the scanning was performed of the whole length of the lumbar spine and showed thick remaining central stenoses, two of them at a level higher than the level of the surgical procedure. These cases had not been diagnosed by pre-operative myelography. In two instances the root was still compressed despite total laminectomy and joint resection. In two instances the post-operative scan did not reveal the cause of the failure but the whole length of the lumbar spine had not been examined. It is concluded that total laminectomy and joint excision is the safer surgical procedure in cases of root impairment but the procedure may lead to instability in instances where the lumbar spine is still mobile. This may have to be treated by arthrodesis. Tomodensitometry is of considerable help but is not the only fact on which surgical procedures should be based. PMID- 6228988 TI - [Technic of lumbosacral graft in the surgical treatment of dysplastic spondylolisthesis]. AB - The authors describe a method of treatment for spondylolisthesis using a posterior approach, reduction and fixation with Harrington rods and cortical fibular graft driven through the sacrum, across the lumbosacral intervertebral disc into the body of the 5th lumbar vertebra. The technique is completed by a postero-lateral graft. This technique avoids the need for an anterior approach. PMID- 6228989 TI - [Transverse compression fracture of the 2d sacral vertebra]. PMID- 6228990 TI - [Distal femoral osteotomy with internal closure for the correction of gonarthroses with genu valgum]. PMID- 6228991 TI - [Treatment of hallux valgus with irreducible metatarsus varus of the 1st metatarsus. Bipolar metatarsal osteotomy]. PMID- 6228992 TI - [Simplified trials of 9 commercial total hip prostheses]. PMID- 6228993 TI - [Joint remarks of an orthopedic surgeon, psychiatrist and psychoanalyst apropos of the experiencing of surgical operations by the motor-handicapped adolescent and his associates]. PMID- 6228994 TI - [Anterior repair by graft and screw-mounted plate in localized anterior vertebral losses of bone]. PMID- 6228995 TI - [Clinicoradiological and computed tomographic comparison of 50 surgical patients with degenerative lumbar stenosis]. PMID- 6228996 TI - [Role of the 4-stay spinal orthosis in the orthopedic treatment of scoliosis. Apropos of 700 cases and more than 10 years' experience]. PMID- 6228997 TI - [Double arthrodesis in the treatment of congenital talipes equinovarus]. PMID- 6228998 TI - [Double-tracer scintigraphy in the diagnosis of complications of total hip and knee prostheses]. PMID- 6228999 TI - [Total condylar posterior stabilized (PS) knee prosthesis]. PMID- 6229000 TI - [Guepar femoropatellar prosthesis. Description. Initial results]. PMID- 6229001 TI - Transtrochanteric rotational osteotomy of the femoral head. PMID- 6229002 TI - [Angular kyphosis and kyphoscoliosis]. PMID- 6229003 TI - [Experimental study of a shock absorber for walking]. PMID- 6229004 TI - [Biomechanics of the anterior cruciate ligament. A study of its rheological properties in a reversible domain]. PMID- 6229005 TI - [Experimental study of the biological behavior of a vascularized cortical bone graft and mechanical problems]. PMID- 6229006 TI - [Biological behavior of hydroxyapatite-coated carbon implants]. PMID- 6229007 TI - [Treatment of reflex algodystrophy by intravenous reserpine block]. PMID- 6229008 TI - [Treatment of inveterate posterior shoulder dislocation by the double approach and retroglenoid bone support]. PMID- 6229009 TI - [Rotational transtrochanteric osteotomy of the femoral head]. PMID- 6229010 TI - [Prosthesis treatment of radial head fractures]. PMID- 6229011 TI - [Severe sprains of the internal lateral ligament of the thumb metacarpophalangeal joint]. PMID- 6229012 TI - [Patterns and values of plasma and erythrocyte proteins in schoolchildren from 9 to 12]. PMID- 6229013 TI - [Surgical treatment of gastroesophageal reflux and hiatal hernia using the Angelchik prosthesis (personal experience)]. PMID- 6229014 TI - [Syndromes of fevers of unknown origin. Diagnostic role of echocardiography]. PMID- 6229015 TI - Staff coping process in working with severely, physically disabled persons. PMID- 6229016 TI - [Problems and conditions in industrial integration of the handicapped]. AB - A sub-project of the research investigation "Model Workplaces for Disabled Persons in Sheltered Workshops in Berlin (West)", the pilot project "Placement Models and Industrial Workplaces", which was funded jointly by the Federal Ministry for Research and Technology and the senator for Labour and Social Affairs of the Land Berlin, undertook to investigate more fully into the issue of opportunities for, and obstacles to industrial placement of disabled persons, in particular of sheltered workshop clients, by studying the situation present in selected enterprises, and to elaborate, on the basis of empirical stock-taking of the problems found, proposals for measures directed at improving the conditions for integrating disabled persons in open employment. Apart from analyzing workplaces as to their suitability for sheltered workshop clients, the project included expert talks involving staff from various functional departments of several Berlin enterprises on problems and general conditions in the industrial integration of disabled persons. The present contribution reports some of the main findings of these expert talks, and is intended to examine more closely some central issues in industrial placement of disabled persons. In particular, it deals with - the current state of, and the basic organizational conditions for industrial integration of disabled workers, - the attitudes of employers toward recruiting disabled persons. On this basis, approaches are outlined for improving the employment situation of the population concerned, as well as their prospects of (re)settlement. PMID- 6229018 TI - [Rehabilitation in foreign countries. Continuing development of special education in Poland]. PMID- 6229017 TI - [Sailing with the handicapped]. AB - The sailing schooner Jachara makes one-week turns in the Western Baltic Sea with the youth groups on board serving as crew members. Numerous changes and adaptions have since 1979 been introduced so that, today, ship is suitable for young people with hearing, and visual impairments, as well as for wheelchair users. PMID- 6229019 TI - [Alteration of the mechanical properties of cartilage after intra-articular administration of drugs in vitro]. AB - In this study the biomechanical effect of intra-articularly applicable drugs on the articular cartilage was analyzed in vitro. Arthrotic cartilage cylinders from tibia plateaus were used, which were removed during endoprosthetic joint replacement. The elasticity of these specimens were measured before and after a 12-day incubation in a medium containing Hank's solution and serum. Five successive loading and unloading cycles from 0 to 10 N were applied, using an indenter with a diameter of 3 mm. The indentation velocity was 0.2 mm/s. Drugs with different postulated influence on the cartilage metabolism were added in various concentrations. A change in the mechanical behavior of the cartilage in relation to drug concentration could be seen in most of the medications; the change could be described using a 3rd-degree polynoma. The possible influence of this biomechanical alteration on arthrotic pain and arthrotic progression is discussed. PMID- 6229020 TI - [Forms and materials for prosthetic valves]. PMID- 6229021 TI - [Evaluation of the working capacity and rehabilitation of individuals with the lumboischialgic++ syndrome during their productive years]. PMID- 6229022 TI - [Lumbago and epidural analgesia in obstetrics]. PMID- 6229023 TI - Red cell enzyme polymorphism in a Breton population, the Bigoudens. AB - Data are presented on the red cell enzymes of the Bigoudens. Deviations fro the expected Hardy-Weinberg distribution are interpreted as the result of a recent mixing of previously separated groups, in addition to the effect of silent alleles and inbreeding. Special reference to the historical background. PMID- 6229024 TI - [Evaluation of pulmonary function using perfusion scintigraphy in lung resection]. PMID- 6229025 TI - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for direct quantification of surface bound platelet immunoglobulins. AB - Surface-bound platelet IgG and IgM were measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using washed platelets and commercially available alkaline phosphatase anti-human immunoglobulins (Fc-specific). With this technique platelets from normal donors had small amounts of platelet-bound IgG ranging from 0.00 to 0.16 A405 (absorbance at 405 nm wavelength) (10(7) platelets)-1 (0 to 124 ng) and of platelet-bound IgM ranging from 0.00 to 0.05 A405 (10(7) platelets)-1. Eight out of 10 (80%) thrombocytopenic patients with idiopathic autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura (IATP) had values of both IgG and IgM exceeding the normal range. In addition, one patient (8%) had platelet-bound IgM only. An inverse relationship was demonstrated in patients with IATP between the blood platelet count and the amount of both IgG and IgM. Increased values were also demonstrated in patients with SLE and patients with monoclonal hypergammaglobulinaemia. The direct ELISA is a useful and reproducible technique for platelet-bound IgG and IgM, which requires standard laboratory equipment only. PMID- 6229026 TI - Impaired conA suppressor cell activity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis shows normalization during fasting. AB - Normal controls and patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) were investigated with respect to quantitative lymphocyte proliferation (LP) after concanavalin-A (conA) activation and to conA-induced suppressor cell activity (conA-SC). Measurements and assessment of RA activity were made at the beginning and end of a 10-day fast. The controls showed depressed (p less than 0.05) LP at the end of the fast, but no change in conA-SC activity. The RA group showed subnormal (p less than 0.05) LP and conA-SC (p less than 0.01) at the beginning of the experiment. After fasting they showed clinical improvement, the LP was not further depressed, and the initially low conA-SC had become normal. PMID- 6229027 TI - [Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty in patients with recurrent angina following aorto-coronary bypass]. AB - Twenty patients presenting with angina pectoris after coronary bypass surgery underwent percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA). Twenty-six PTCA were carried out, 15 on stenosed bypasses, 10 on stenosed coronary arteries and 1 on an occluded bypass. PTCA results were very good in 85% of cases and satisfactory in another 10%. Clinically, 90% of patients improved. In view of these data, PTCA should be considered a viable alternative to surgical reintervention. PMID- 6229028 TI - Mg2+-mediated change in lipid fluidity enhances the reconstituted H+-ATPase activity. AB - The results by using ANS fluorescent probe and spin labels 5-NS show that the fluidity of L. (H+-ATPase) +Mg2+ (H+-ATPase from pig heart mitochondria reconstituted in the presence of Mg2+) is less than that of L. (H+-ATPase) -Mg2+ (proteoliposome reconstituted in the absence of Mg2+). But no significant difference in fluidity has been observed when both reconstituted systems were monitored by using spin labels 12-NS and 16-NS. This indicates that Mg2+ may cause changes in fluidity of the lipid molecules near the surfaces of the bilayers, but does not affect significantly the fluidity of the deeper layer of the reconstituted system. It is tentatively supposed that in the presence of Mg2+, enhancement of activities of reconstituted H+-ATPase may be due to the Mg2+ mediated change in physical state of the lipids in the more superficial region of lipid bilayers so as to ensure a suitable conformation of ATPase complex, thereby possessing higher activity. PMID- 6229029 TI - Activation of antitumor agent gilvocarcins by visible light. AB - Gilvocarcins that are antitumor agents are activated by low doses of visible light to induce bacteriophage lambda in Escherichia coli. This result is dependent on interaction with DNA. Gilvocarcin M, an analog without antitumor activity, failed to induce the prophage after light exposure, thus demonstrating a correlation between photosensitizing and antitumor activities. These results raise several possibilities regarding the mode of action of gilvocarcins as antitumor agents in vivo, involving light or enzymatic activating systems, which could be exploited in human cancer therapy. PMID- 6229031 TI - Structural defects as a consequence of early intrauterine constraint: limb deficiency, polydactyly, and body wall defects. AB - The presented evidence indicates that abnormal intrauterine mechanical forces during pregnancy can cause structural defects in the developing fetus. In the human, amnion rupture with loss of amniotic fluid and maternal, structural uterine abnormalities have been suggested as situations in which this can be found. PMID- 6229030 TI - Impact of automation on the quantitation of low molecular weight markers of hemostatic defects. AB - Through in depth studies, the biochemical pathways of hemostasis-related systems have been elucidated in terms of well-defined molecular mechanisms. The interrelationships of coagulation, fibrinolytic, kallikrein-kinin, platelets, prostaglandins, blood vessel, and complement systems are now well understood. Methods are currently developed to quantitate the molecular markers of each of these systems and define the involvement of each in disease and drug-related aberrations. Molecular markers allow for very early detection of disease states well before clinical manifestations are seen or current coagulation methods are affected. Therefore prophylactic or therapeutic treatment can begin before a disease state causes damage. Platelet factor 4 and beta-thromboglobulin are low molecular weight proteins released from the light (alpha) granules of platelets and provide a reliable index of endogenous activation and consumption of platelets. Serotonin and ADP are released during activation from the beta granules and can be measured by high-performance liquid chromatography. Fibrinopeptide A is a molecular marker of the activation of the coagulation process and provides a useful index of the action of thrombin on fibrinogen. Elevated levels of this peptide are found in patients with hypercoagulable states or a thrombotic tendency. B beta 15-42 peptides are released at the early stages of fibrinolysis and are a useful collective parameter for the measurement of the activation of fibrinolysis. In both the primary and secondary fibrinolytic disorders this peptide is elevated. Circulating kinins provide information on the activation of the kallikrein system and are useful in monitoring coagulation and shock related disorders. Arachidonic acid metabolites, such as thromboxanes and prostacyclins, are products of platelet and vascular endothelium interactions. Their measurement in peripheral blood provides a useful tool to measure the vascular and platelet-related thrombotic defects. Furthermore, antiplatelet therapy can be monitored using these parameters. Numerous other metabolites of arachidonic acid such as the leukotrienes and PAFs also are generated in various immunopathologic disorders associated with hemostatic activation. Unlike the other coagulant tests, the measurement of molecular markers in native blood or plasma samples provides a true picture of the endogenous physiology. Since no activator or additive is added to influence the test, these markers provide the most relevant information on the pathophysiologic condition. Since most of these markers are proteins or low molecular weight products, isotopic and nonisotopic immunoassays, high performance liquid chromatography and fluorometric methods can be used to analyze their levels. Furthermore, multiple panels can be developed to profile various pathologic states.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6229033 TI - Aspects of living conditions among groups of disabled children and their families in Norway: family situation, mothers' health, financial assistance. AB - A survey of 875 disabled children in Norway aged 0-19, representing ten different disabling conditions, was carried out between January 1976 and December 1978. Parents of the disabled children were interviewed, medical records studied and the children examined. Mother's age, level of education, presence of disabled siblings, spouse's education and profession as well as emergency situations related to the disabled child's condition appeared to be factors influencing the mother's health and therefore inevitably the family's ability to cope with the situation. Social insurance seemed to have been granted in a rather haphazard way; only families of children suffering from hemophilia, mental retardation, spina bifida and cerebral palsy seemed to have received fairly adequate social insurance benefits. Families of children suffering from juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, asthma, congenital heart disease and epilepsy had received less social insurance assistance than those in the other groups. One-parent families had received more social insurance than others. Families with children who were totally dependent on their parents, who had several diagnoses or had spent much time in hospital, had also been granted more social insurance. Welfare benefits distributed by local authorities had mainly been given to families who were also receiving social insurance benefits and to families of children with brain damage. Almost half of all families expressed needs for welfare benefits which had not been met. Thus, there seemed to be an underconsumption of both social insurance and welfare benefits, particularly among some diagnostic groups. PMID- 6229032 TI - Gastroschisis: abdominal wall disruption secondary to early gestational interruption of the omphalomesenteric artery. PMID- 6229034 TI - [Percutaneous dilatation of the coronary arteries]. PMID- 6229036 TI - [Status and paths of development of a cardiological department in the Azerbaijan S.S.R]. PMID- 6229035 TI - [The nurse faced with a case of transluminal percutaneous angioplasty]. PMID- 6229037 TI - [Prevention of highway trauma]. PMID- 6229038 TI - [Post-diploma training of doctors]. PMID- 6229039 TI - [Organization of rehabilitative therapy in hospitals]. PMID- 6229040 TI - [Improvements in the organization of the dispensarization of the adult population]. PMID- 6229041 TI - [Psychological aspects of the dispensary work of polyclinic physicians]. PMID- 6229042 TI - [Intensive care team in the system of specialized emergency services]. PMID- 6229043 TI - [Effectiveness of work for donations in workers' and students' groups]. PMID- 6229044 TI - [Treatment of patients with occupational dermatitis]. PMID- 6229045 TI - [N. I. Krakovskii (on his 80th birthday)]. PMID- 6229046 TI - [Use of magnetic suspensions and fluids in medicine]. PMID- 6229047 TI - [Autoimmune processes in chronic adrenal insufficiency]. PMID- 6229048 TI - [Automated control systems used in mass prophylactic surveys in the Udmurt ASSR]. PMID- 6229049 TI - [The work of the Endocrinological Center in Sverdlovsk]. PMID- 6229050 TI - [Non-operative treatment of infrarenal aortic stenoses by catheter dilation]. PMID- 6229051 TI - The 1982 New Beneficiary Survey: an introduction. AB - This article introduces the 1982 New Beneficiary Survey, the latest survey of new beneficiaries sponsored by the Social Security Administration. This national, cross-sectional survey was fielded from October through December 1982 using a sample drawn from the Social Security Administration's Master Beneficiary Record. The sample includes retired workers, disabled workers, and aged wives and widows who received a first benefit payment from mid-1980 through mid-1981. Exactly 18,600 personal interviews were conducted with these categories of noninstitutionalized Old-Age, Survivor, and Disability Insurance beneficiaries and a comparison group who enrolled in Medicare but had not yet filed for monthly cash payments. This article describes the history of the survey's development, the sample selection procedures, the sample characteristics, the questionnaire, and the field procedures. Data from this survey of new program beneficiaries will be used to estimate the effects on future beneficiaries of changes in the Social Security program during the 1980's. The survey work was performed by the Institute for Survey Research at Temple University under contract with the Social Security Administration. PMID- 6229052 TI - Comparison of infectibility of vascular prosthetic materials by quantitation of median infective dose. AB - The current technique for investigating the response of vascular prosthetic material to infection is by challenge with a sublethal dose of bacteria, usually an intravenous infusion of 10(8) organisms in an animal model. This large bacterial inoculum, however, obscures any difference in the infectibility of prostheses that may be inherent in the material, its incorporation into host tissues, or its modification by antibiotic impregnation, all of which are clinically important in resistance to infection. We have developed a sensitive method for determination of the susceptibility to infection of vascular prostheses based on calculation of the number of bacteria required to infect a specific prosthesis in 50% of trials (ID50). Following implantation of the prosthesis to be tested in the canine infrarenal aorta, a dose-response curve was calculated by the intravenous infusion of known inocula of S. aureus (at log intervals from 10(2) to 10(8) bacteria). At 6 weeks, the prosthesis was harvested and cultured to document infection with S. aureus. A characteristic sigmoid curve Kesulted, from which the ID50 was determined. To test this method, a comparison was made between commercial human umbilical vein graft (HUVG), HUVG impregnated with silver sulfadiazine, and double-velour Dacron in 60 dogs. Although all prostheses were infected by the standard 10(8) inoculum, an approximately tenfold increase in the resistance to infection between treated and untreated HUVG (less than 10(2) to 10(2.8) and a fourfold increase in resistance between treated HUVG and double-velour Dacron (10(2.8) to 10(3.2] was demonstrated in the dose response curves. Since the number of bacteria in postimplant bacteremia rarely exceeds 10(2) organisms/ml, such differences in infectibility can be clinically significant. ID50 determination provides a sensitive, reproducibleble method for quantitating resistance to infection in vascular prostheses. PMID- 6229053 TI - Prostaglandin E2-mediated suppression of cellular immunity in colon cancer patients. AB - The immune regulation of phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and concanavalin A (Con A) mitogen responses by prostaglandin (PG)-producing suppressor monocytes was examined in 57 patients with colorectal cancer and 55 normal individuals. The blood lymphocyte responses to either PHA or Con A were significantly depressed in 74% of patients compared to normal controls. The mean PHA response for the patients was significantly lower than that for controls (17,649 versus 25,549 cpm, P = 0.02), while the mean Con A response for the patients was also depressed but not as significantly (13,551 versus 18,623 cpm, P = 0.09). The depression of immune competence was greatest in older patients and those with metastatic disease. The addition of indomethacin (1 microgram/ml) to cell cultures of both patients and normal individuals enhanced the mitogen response, suggesting that PGE-producing suppressor cells were operative in both groups. Among the patient group, however, a differential modulation of the immune response by indomethacin was observed. Thus, the addition of indomethacin restored the PHA response in patients almost to normal levels, while the Con A increase was less pronounced. Even after indomethacin treatment, the Con A proliferative response by lymphocytes was significantly depressed in patients as compared to controls (P = 0.002). To prove that indomethacin was blocking excessive PG production by suppressor monocytes in colon cancer patients, we directly measured PGE2 production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) using a radioimmunoassay. PBMCs from the patients produced significantly greater amounts of PGE2 compared to controls (10.1 versus 5.1 ng/ml, P = 0.0001). This comparison was still significant after adjustment for age and sex. The increased PGE2 production appeared to be selective, since the levels of two other arachidonic acid metabolites, PGF1 alpha and thromboxane B2, were the same or less than control levels. PG-mediated immune suppression of mitogenesis thus appears to be abnormally increased in colon cancer patients, particularly for the PHA response. This abnormality was partially corrected in vitro by incubation of the PBMCs with indomethacin, a prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor. PMID- 6229055 TI - [Laparoscopy in the diagnosis and treatment of acute and postoperative pancreatitis]. PMID- 6229054 TI - [A questionnaire on eating frequency. II. A trial of a questionnaire to be used in pedodontic practice]. PMID- 6229056 TI - Differences in effects of fibrin(ogen) fragments on the activation of 1-glu plasminogen and 442-val-plasminogen by tissue-type plasminogen activator. AB - The activation rate of plasminogen by tissue-type plasminogen activator can be increased by fibrin(ogen) fragments. There is a remarkable difference in the effect of these fragments on the stimulation of 1-glu-plasminogen activation and 442-val-plasminogen (mini-plasminogen) activation. Fibrin monomer as well as plasmic fragments Y, D EGTA and D-dimer have a stimulating effect on both 1-glu plasminogen and 442-val-plasminogen activation, whereas cyanogen bromide fragment FCB2 stimulates only the activation of 1-glu-plasminogen. Results indicate that two types of sites may be operational in fibrin and fibrin(ogen) fragments Y, D EGTA and D-dimer. One type of site (FCB2-related) interacts probably with plasminogen and may be dependent on the kringle 1-4 region; the other type of site probably interacts either with plasminogen in a non-kringle 1-4 region dependent manner or with tissue-type plasminogen activator. PMID- 6229057 TI - Efflux of granule constituents from platelets exposed to different mechanical forces. AB - The efflux of 14C-norepinephrine, 3H-serotonin and beta-thromboglobulin from platelets was compared with the extent of lysis in two different systems of incubation, in which Ca2+ and conventional platelet activating agents were omitted. In the first system platelets were incubated in buffer at 37 degrees C and gently shaken. Cell lysis was low and efflux of 14C-norepinephrine was 71-97% of total initial uptake after 24 hours. In the other system rotating plastic tubes at 20 degrees C were used which exposed the platelets to higher mechanical stress. Cell lysis and aggregation was already high after 10-30 minutes, but the efflux of 14C-norepinephrine and 3H-serotonin was lower and not parallel to cell lysis. The release of 14C-norepinephrine was higher than that of 3H-serotonin in both systems. There was a considerable release of beta-thromboglobulin from platelets remaining in plasma despite of a constant pH. These findings indicate that platelet lysis is independent of the release of platelet granule constituents. PMID- 6229059 TI - [Verapamil as a cause of palmar hyperkeratosis]. PMID- 6229058 TI - Platelet adenine nucleotide levels in patients with Dacron vascular prostheses. AB - Platelets adenine nucleotide levels were determined in 11 patients with Dacron bifemoral aortic prostheses using high performance liquid chromatography. Total platelet and dense granule adenine nucleotide levels were measured in neutralized perchloric acid extracts prepared from gel-filtered platelet suspensions and from platelet supernatants following thrombin-induced release of granule constituents respectively. Dense granule adenine nucleotide levels were significantly decreased in the patient group compared with age and sex-matched controls (p less than 0.01), whereas no differences in cytoplasmic adenine nucleotide levels were observed (p greater than 0.2). Platelet survival measurements were made on 3 patients; when grouped with control subjects, a positive correlation was observed between platelet survival and platelet dense granule ADP (r = 0.96; p less than 0.01). These results suggest that platelet dense granule adenine nucleotide content may be a clinically significant indicator of vascular graft thrombogenesis. PMID- 6229060 TI - The uncoupling effect of flavoglaucin, a quinol pigment from Aspergillus chevalieri (Mangin), on mitochondrial respiration. AB - The effects of flavoglaucin from Aspergillus chevalieri (Mangin) Thom et Church on mitochondrial reactions have been investigated to obtain insight into the mode of actions on biomembranes by means of isolated rat liver mitochondria. It was found that flavoglaucin exhibited a strong uncoupling effect on oxidative phosphorylation, enhanced the latent ATPase activity, and elicited a drastic swelling of mitochondria. These reactions led to the exhaustion of ATP in cells, which may be, in part, responsible for its cytotoxicity. Flavoglaucin was toxic to isolated rat hepatocytes causing a karyoklasis, but did not show genotoxicity in hepatocyte primary culture (HPC)/DNA repair test. PMID- 6229061 TI - [Effect of water fluoridation on the prevalence and incidence of dental caries in children]. PMID- 6229062 TI - [Work experience of a pediatric dental polyclinic in the Vakhitobskii District of Kazan]. PMID- 6229063 TI - [Efficacy of the centralization of dental care for children in Erevan]. PMID- 6229065 TI - The function of thymic reticuloepithelial cells in New Zealand mice. AB - This study was undertaken to clarify the function of thymic reticuloepithelial cells (TRC) in the New Zealand black (NZB) mouse as a model animal of human autoimmune disease. Attention was focused on whether or not any defect in the TRC function participating in the maturation process from immature T cells to mature T cells was present. Precursor T cells isolated from bone marrow cells were cultured with TRC. Induction of Thy-1.2 antigen on the surface of precursor T cells was measured, in addition to the increased responsiveness of precursor T cells to T-cell mitogens and in mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR). When NZB mouse precursor T cells were cultured with normal mouse TRC, the induced T-cell function proved to be similar to the function noted when normal mouse precursor T cells were cultured with normal mouse TRC. On the other hand, when normal mouse precursor T cells were cultured with NZB mouse TRC, the induced T-cell function proved to be inferior to the one noted in culture with normal mouse TRC. From these results, it was concluded that the NZB mouse had nothing remarkable in precursor T cells, but something abnormal in the TRC function. PMID- 6229064 TI - Alpha-methylene-gamma-lactone fused to steroidal ring D as potential antitumor agent. AB - Steroidal alpha-methylene-gamma-lactone la has been synthesised from 3 beta hydroxy-5-androsten-17-one 2 and showed to be active against HeLa cells. PMID- 6229066 TI - Do anti-T4 (Leu 3) and anti-T8 (Leu 2) monoclonal antibodies delineate T-cell subsets with helper/inducer and suppressor/cytotoxic function, respectively? PMID- 6229067 TI - Thymosin (TFX) and suppressor cells of immunoglobulin (Ig) production in man. PMID- 6229068 TI - Prolongation of rat kidney allografts by pretransplant administration of donor antigen extract or whole blood transfusion combined with a short course of cyclosporine. AB - The immunosuppressive effect of the combination of a three day course of cyclosporine with one i.v. injection of 3M KCL-extracted donor antigen or donor blood transfusion was tested across the strong histocompatibility barrier causing rejection within 8 days of kidney transplants from Buffalo (Buf, RT1b) to Wistar Furth (WFu, RT1u) inbred rats. Administration of 10 mg/kg/day cyclosporine alone for three days (-1, 0, and 1) slightly prolonged graft survival time from 7 to 11 days. The combination of cyclosporine with donor Buf 3M KCl antigen or with a Buf blood transfurion administered one day prior to transplantation caused greater prolongation of graft survival--19 and 25 days, respectively. Neither third-party BN soluble antigen nor BN blood transfustions acted synergistically with cyclosporine to prolong Buf graft survival. Increasing doses of donor-soluble antigen up to an optimal dose of 5 mg proportionately prolonged graft survival; however, administration of 10 mg antigen was less effective than 5 mg. On the other hand, administration of 1 ml of donor blood achieved the maximal effect. Lymphocytes harvested ten days after transplantation from recipients that had received combined therapy with cyclosporine and donor 3M KCl antigen not only displayed specific unresponsiveness to donor stimulator cells in mixed lymphocyte culture, but also specifically suppressed the proliferative response of syngeneic, virgin WFu responder cells to allogeneic donor Buf but not to third party BN cells. Furthermore, suppressor cell activity was suggested by diminished responses in an in vivo local adoptive mixed lymphocyte culture assay and by prolongation of Buf kidney survival following systemic adoptive transfer. These findings suggest that immunosuppression with cyclosporine permits induction of specific suppressor cells by 3M KCl donor antigen, resulting in specific unresponsiveness to allografts. PMID- 6229069 TI - Spontaneous long-term acceptance of RT-1-incompatible liver allografts in inbred rats. Analysis of the immune status. AB - In several combinations of inbred rats, liver allografts are spontaneously tolerated, and after a few weeks liver tolerant rats are in a state of donor specific transplantation tolerance. In vivo and in vitro experiments were conducted to analyze the immunological status of LEW or BN rats with spontaneously tolerated (LEW X BN) F1 liver allografts several months after transplantation. Acute rejection of secondary donor-specific heart allografts retransplanted from liver-tolerant rats to normal syngeneic hosts suggests that the state of tolerance in liver-tolerant rats is related to an active modification of the immune system of the rat and not to a reduced immunogenicity of the graft. No cytotoxic antibodies or cells were found in liver-tolerant rats. Reactivity in mixed lymphocyte culture was normal or slightly reduced. Arguments for the presence of splenic suppressor cells were found in LEW tolerant rats using a local graft-versus-host assay, but these could not be found in BN rats, or when attempting to transfer or to break the tolerance state. A nonspecific humoral blocking factor was found in vitro in liver-tolerant rats but transfer of serum from liver-tolerant rats to normal syngeneic hosts did not permit a significant prolongation of donor-specific heart allografts. These results suggest that more than one mechanism may be involved at the maintenance phase of liver allograft tolerance. PMID- 6229070 TI - Comparative analysis of the DST and Imuran-plus-DST protocols for live donor renal transplantation. AB - We have done a comparative analysis of two consecutive clinical trials at our center: the first in 56 patients who received blood transfusions from their prospective donors (DST group), and the second in 36 patients who received such transfusions while they were taking Imuran in an attempt to reduce the incidence of sensitization against the donor (IM + DST group). The major findings of our study are: (1) Imuran significantly (P less than .05) reduced the rate of sensitization from 27% to 11%; (2) Patients who had prolonged dialysis before entering one of these protocols were significantly more likely to become sensitized against their living donors, and had significantly higher sensitization against the leukocyte panel, although panel-reactive antibodies were not significantly changed by transfusions from the live donor; (3) MLC reactivity against the living donor was not significantly altered by donor transfusions, and was also not different for sensitized and transplanted patients; (4) Results of transplantation were excellent in both patient groups, with only two grafts and two patients lost in 68 transplants (actuarial one-year survival of 97% and 93% of patients alive and with functional grafts at one year in the DST and IM + DST groups, respectively); (5) Rejection episodes occurred in about 50% of each group, but were of a special type (DST-type rejection) in about 30% of the DST patients and 10% of the IM + DST patients (P = .07); (6) The probability of transplantation, and the results of transplantation after unsuccessful entry into one of these protocols was not adversely affected. We think that primarily because of the low rate of sensitization the IM + DST protocol is superior to the DST protocol. Both, however, are established clinical tools that have increased our clinical transplant volume by a large number of highly successful transplants. PMID- 6229071 TI - Blood transfusions, suppressor T cells, and renal transplant survival. AB - Fifteen men undergoing chronic hemodialysis were transfused with 2 units of packed red cells, none of these patients having been previously transfused. They were studied before and after transfusion to determine suppressor T cell numbers and activity, and to monitor the appearance of cytotoxic antibodies. Although the number of suppressor T cells did not change, their function was significantly increased three weeks after the transfusion. This had largely returned to normal by 20 weeks. No cytotoxic antibodies were produced. Twelve of the patients subsequently received cadaveric renal transplants and nine of these kidneys are currently functioning more than a year after transplantation. Although the blood transfusions may have helped to produce these satisfactory results, it is accepted that the nonspecific increase in suppressor cell function may not have been the only mediator because this activity had returned to normal in most cases by the time the patients were transplanted. PMID- 6229072 TI - Positive autologous crossmatches and a successful transplant with an HLA identical, but not with an HLA-nonidentical, kidney. AB - A kidney graft from an HLA-nonidentical donor following a positive crossmatch in the presence of autoantibodies was rejected, but a subsequent graft from an HLA A, B, C, DR-identical donor, also following a positive crossmatch, survives. Cytotoxic reactivity was present at 4 C and 37 C, and required complement. Sucrose gradient fractionation showed that most of the reactivity resided in the IgM fraction of the serum. Reactivity with donor T and B lymphocytes was not removed by absorption with platelets. Absorption with autologous lymphocytes failed to remove reactivity to lymphocytes of the first (non-HLA-identical) donor and T and B cells of another individual with the same HLA type as the first donor, although removing reactivity to T, but not to B cells of the second (HLA identical) donor. This case demonstrates that the presence of a multitude of cold reactive and warm-reactive T and B cell autoantibodies and non-HLA alloantibodies creates an immunological environment in which only the optimally matched graft will survive. PMID- 6229073 TI - Induction of antibodies by blood transfusions capable of inhibiting responses in MLC. AB - B6AF1 (H-2KbkDbd) mice were transfused weekly with 0.1 ml of whole blood from DBA/2 (H-2d) mice. One week after each transfusion, the mice were bled and the sera were collected and pooled. The presence of antiidiotypic antibodies in these sera was investigated using the mixed-lymphocyte culture (MLC) inhibition test, in which spleen cells from normal B6AF1 mice were treated with sera from transfused B6AF1 mice, washed, and then tested for their responses to DBA/2 stimulator cells. The sera collected following 3 and 4 transfusions caused a significant inhibition of responses in MLC, but sera obtained after 1 and 2 transfusions caused little or no inhibition. This inhibition was specific for stimulator cells from the blood donor (DBA/2) and was not observed against third party SJL (H-2s) stimulator cells. In addition, the suppressive effect in MLC was specific for responder cells from the recipient B6AF1 mice, and no suppression was observed with responder cells from C3H (H-2k) and SJL mice. Treatment of DBA/2 stimulator cells with the serum caused no inhibition in MLC. The MLC inhibitory activity of the serum decreased gradually from the first to the third week following 4 transfusions, although a significant inhibition was still demonstrable after 3 weeks. These findings suggest that multiple blood transfusions induce antiidiotypic antibodies that can block the T cell antigen specific receptors and cause suppression of the recipient's responses against the donor's alloantigens in MLC. PMID- 6229074 TI - Analysis of cloned T cell function. II. Differential blockade of various cloned T cell functions by cyclosporine. AB - Cyclosporine has profound suppressive effects on selected in vitro functions of cloned T lymphocytes. Cyclosporine inhibits the antigen-induced proliferation of the helper T cell clone 12-11. The effective dose required to reduce this response by 50% (ED50) is 28 ng/ml. In contrast, the proliferation of clone 12-11 induced by exogenous growth factors in secondary mixed lymphocyte culture supernatant (2 degrees MLC SN), is relatively insensitive to cyclosporine (ED50 = 4600 ng/ml). Furthermore, cyclosporine abrogates both antigen-induced and mitogen induced secretion of lymphokines by clone 12-11, indicating that cloned helper T cell function is sensitive to cyclosporine even when interactions between specific alloantigens and their cell surface receptors are bypassed with mitogen. The suppressive effect of cyclosporine is not limited to helper T cell clones. The cytolytic T lymphocyte (CTL) clone 5MD2-2 is also sensitive to cyclosporine. Again, cyclosporine (100 ng/ml) blocks the antigen-driven, but not the exogenous lymphokine-driven, component of clone 5MD2-2 proliferation. This suppression does not result from the occlusion of antigen receptors or from antigen deformation by cyclosporine, because clone 5MD2-2 remains capable of antigen-specific cytolysis in the presence of cyclosporine concentrations that can suppress its proliferation. Finally, the ability of clone 5MD2-2 to remove IL-2 activity from culture media, a function that is significantly enhanced by contact with specific alloantigen, is not influenced by suppressive cyclosporine concentrations. PMID- 6229075 TI - [Biochemical disturbances in the chronic use of alcohol and ways to correct them]. AB - It is established in experiments on rats that variations in the activity of alcohol dehydrogenase, catalase, content of nicotinamide enzymes and lipid peroxides may be used as tests to study formation of liking for spirits. Pathways of lithium nicotinate normalizing effect on metabolic disturbances in tissues and the substance possible use as an anti-alcoholic agent are discussed. PMID- 6229076 TI - [Effect of glucocorticoids on the formation of methemoglobin in rats]. AB - Experiments on rats showed that treatment of rat with hydrocortisone, dexamethasone and diplacin for 14 days increases the content of methemoglobin in blood. In vitro experiments revealed that dexamethasone in a concentration of 10( 6) M increased the amount of methemoglobin in the whole blood and did not change its amount in hemolysate. The data obtained show the participation of erythrocyte membranes in methemoglobin-forming effect of the studied substances. PMID- 6229077 TI - [Prevention of contact dermatitis caused by methylmethacrylate]. PMID- 6229078 TI - [Chronic hypervitaminosis A]. PMID- 6229079 TI - [Traveling of handicapped]. PMID- 6229080 TI - [Pain clinic of the Hotel-Dieu de Montreal. Illustration of its mode of operation in relation to a pilot project on the evaluation and treatment of 100 lumbosciatalgics injured at work]. PMID- 6229082 TI - Biocarbon device for cutaneous ureterostomy. AB - The surgical technique for a new alternative to urinary diversion is described. The biocarbon conduit is an inert device implanted in the abdominal wall. Its inner end is anastomosed to the distal ureter, and the outlet is over the abdominal skin and connected to a collector tube into a urinary bag. Twenty implants were performed between March, 1980, and July, 1981. Seventeen patients had carcinoma of the uterine cervix, and 3 had carcinoma of the urinary bladder (age range 34 to 79 years). All had severe urinary tract infection, retrodilation, and were in poor general physical condition. Eight fistulas developed in the 20 implants. PMID- 6229081 TI - Papulosquamous lesions of glans penis. AB - The presentation of a scaly papule or plaque on the glans penis should suggest more wide-spread papulosquamous disease. Careful examination of the remaining body surface, including the oral mucosa and nails, in almost all cases will yield clues to the correct diagnosis. Papulosquamous disease which may present as a penile lesion include psoriasis, Reiter syndrome, lichen planus, lichen nitidus, seborrheic dermatitis, secondary syphilis, fixed drug eruption, erythroplasia of Queyrat, plasma cell balanitis of Zoon, bowenoid papulosis, and discoid and lichenoid chronic dermatosis of Sulzberger and Garbe. PMID- 6229083 TI - [Economic and clinical effectiveness of day and shortened-stay hospitals]. PMID- 6229084 TI - [Eye function in agricultural machinery operators coming in contact with pesticides]. PMID- 6229085 TI - [ORL service for the rural population of Siberia and the Far East]. PMID- 6229086 TI - [Organization of medical services for patients with severe mechanical trauma]. AB - Analysis of the work of surgical-reanimation teams of the Accident Station and the City Shock Center has shown that their joint activity can provide modern level of giving help to patients with traumatic shock. In organization of work of the City Shock Center of great importance is the distribution of duties among the team members. PMID- 6229087 TI - [Liquid crystalline thermography in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis]. PMID- 6229088 TI - [Rupture of the anterior abdominal wall in postoperative hernia]. PMID- 6229089 TI - Experimental and natural infection of calves with Bunostomum phlebotomum. AB - An experiment was conducted to determine the efficiency of a method of experimental infection of weaner beef calves with Bunostomum phlebotomum and to compare such infection with that established by natural infection. Six calves, maintained on a concrete-floored pen, were inoculated with B. phlebotomum L3 by placing the larval inocuulum, in small volume, in the outer chamber of the ear while the animal was restrained for 18 min. Inoculation doses of 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, and 80 thousand L3 were used. Six other calves were grazed on pasture known to be heavily contaminated with hookworm. All animals were killed 72 days after experimental infection and 93 days after initial exposure to pasture infection. The experimental and naturally-infected calves became patent at 55 and 66 days, respectively, after exposure to L3. Red blood cell counts and hemoglobin values were markedly depressed in both groups and lowest values coincided with onset of patency. There was difference in liveweight changes, but both groups lost weight during the prepatent period of infection and gained weight with the onset of patency. The largest number of hookworms was established at the 30000 L3 inoculation level; little or no establishment was observed at the 2 highest levels. Sizeable adult hookworm burdens were established in 4 out of 6 pastured calves. Intestinal pathology was generally more severe in experimentally-infected calves, consisting of a thickened mucosa and masses of punctate, hemorrhagic foci. Pastured calves also acquired large burdens of Ostertagia ostertagi, particularly inhibited early fourth-stage larvae. Moderate to severe abomasal pathology and elevated plasma pepsinogen were associated with ostertagiasis in the pastured calves. The experimental infection method is efficient in establishing high levels of B. phlebotomum infection in calves currently or previously infected with other gastrointestinal nematodes. PMID- 6229090 TI - The effect of removal of adherent cells in lectin and allogeneic cell stimulation of bovine lymphocytes. AB - Macrophages have been shown to play an important role in lymphocyte activation in many species but not unequivocally for bovine. In this study we have shown that when sufficient care is taken to remove macrophages by adherence or by anti macrophage serum and complement, bovine lymphocytes respond poorly to lectins or to allogenic cells in mixed lymphocyte culture. Addition of macrophages to approximately the same level as found in the unseparated cells restores the proliferative responses. The degree of response shown by the macrophage depleted cultures depends on the lectin concentration. Stimulation with lower doses of lectin is more sensitive to macrophage concentration. The mixed lymphocyte response and the response to Concanavalin A (ConA) are more sensitive to macrophages than is the response to phytohemagglutinin (PHA). PMID- 6229092 TI - [Longevity in the health resort regions of the Georgian SSR]. PMID- 6229091 TI - [Treatment of patients with true eczema and concomitant digestive system disease in Piatigorsk]. PMID- 6229093 TI - [Effect of climato-geographic conditions and balneologic factors of the Issyk Kul' health resort region on experimental atherosclerosis]. PMID- 6229094 TI - [Ratio of the incidence of ulcer localizations in the stomach and the pyloroduodenal zone]. PMID- 6229095 TI - [Clinico-neurophysiological analysis of the pain syndrome in lumbosacral radiculitis]. PMID- 6229096 TI - [Therapy of the surgical menopause syndrome with depot medroxyprogesterone acetate and its objective evaluation testing the reaction of the anterior pituitary gland to stimulation with gonadotropin-releasing hormone]. AB - A randomized placebo-controlled double-blind study was conducted to evaluate the effect of 150 mg depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) intramuscularly on the surgical menopause syndrome. The clinical material consisted of 30 hysterectomized and bilaterally salpingo-oophorectomized women between 38 and 54 years of age. Inclusion criteria were regular menstrual cycles until operation, the appearance of frequent vasomotor flushes (VMF) after operation, and serum FSH levels exceeding 20 mIU per ml. Since it has been shown that an increase in "LH pulses" and basal serum LH levels constitute objective parameters of VMF, determination of LH was chosen as biochemical criterion of therapeutic efficacy. DMPA was proven to reduce basal serum LH levels owing to its suppressive effect on the adenohypophysis. In order to clarify and quantify the suppressive potency of DMPA and obtain precise information on its mechanism of action, pituitary stimulation tests with gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH tests) were performed before and then at 2 and 6 weeks after initiation of therapy. Pituitary response to GnRH remained unaltered, however, at a level corresponding to the decreased basal concentrations, i.e. "LH peaks" dropped by more than 50% (p less than 0.005, Student t-test). The incidence of VMF decreased significantly and remained at a low level until 6 weeks after the administration of DMPA. Treatment with placebo resulted in a slight, but not significant decrease in VMF and did not affect the functional capacity of the adenohypophysis. A remarkable correlation was observed between the reduced size of "LH peaks" and the diminished incidence of VMF. Therefore, evaluation of pituitary response to stimulation with GnRH represents a helpful objective parameter in the assessment of the efficacy of DMPA. PMID- 6229098 TI - [Psychosomatic aspects in patients with alopecia areata, rosacea and lichen ruber planus]. AB - 90 Patients suffering from alopecia areata, rosacea or lichen planus as well as 30 healthy persons at the age between 20 and 55 were psychologically examined. The findings reveal that the highest percentage of neuroses of the neurotic or psychasthenic type occurred in patients with rosacea (76.6% of the population). 91% of the patients with rosacea suspected a connection between the appearance of their cutaneous changes and stress situations. We conclude that psychogenic factors may be of great importance in the etiopathogenesis of rosacea. PMID- 6229097 TI - Open treatment of abdominal septic catastrophies. PMID- 6229099 TI - [Disordered hearing (2). Hearing disorder as a handicap]. PMID- 6229100 TI - [Backache in herniated disk and inflammatory processes: diagnosis and therapy]. PMID- 6229101 TI - [Clarification of vertebrogenic backache. X-ray, myelography, cerebrospinal fluid examination, computer tomography]. PMID- 6229102 TI - [Structure, clinical aspects and dynamics of pyodermatitis in miners of the Don basin]. PMID- 6229103 TI - [Activity of suppressor lymphocytes in relation to autologous and allogenic target cells in children with neurodermatitis]. PMID- 6229104 TI - [Morphophysiological studies of the odontogenic and functionally dependent variation pattern of periodontal regeneration]. PMID- 6229105 TI - [Importance of magnesium for tooth development in Wistar rats]. PMID- 6229106 TI - [Clinical, microbiological and cytological changes in the gingiva as affected by Deposiston]. PMID- 6229107 TI - [Chemotherapeutic sensitivity of subgingival plaque bacteria isolated in patients with marginal periodontitis]. PMID- 6229108 TI - [Combined palato- and cheiloplasty as a new treatment concept in cleft surgery]. PMID- 6229110 TI - [Hardness of nonmetallic filling surfaces. A rejoinder]. PMID- 6229109 TI - [Hardness behavior of special dental stones studied by the measurement of microimpression hardness]. PMID- 6229112 TI - [Effect of antiandrogen cyproterone acetate on pregnant white laboratory mice]. PMID- 6229111 TI - [Cardiomegaly in heart rhythm disorder in a newborn infant with diabetic fetopathy]. AB - Report on a newborn with diabetic fetopathia and a temporary 4 : 1 bloc probably due to abnormal storage of glycogen within the heart muscle cells within a visceromegaly. The symptoms disappeared after 12 hours, the visceromegaly (heart, liver) within 7 days. The suspicion of a vitium cordis congenitum could not be confirmed in the first two years of life in repeated examinations. In the first day of life there was a reactive hyperinsulinemia and deviations of the blood glucose level between 10.5 and 1.38 mmol/l. The volume of urine had a tendency to subnormal. There was a slight edema, but no polyuria, which is to been in diabetic fetopathia of the newborn caused by increased excretion of water from storage tissues. PMID- 6229113 TI - [Contribution of A. V. Korchak-Chepurkovskii to the development of public health and epidemic control in Moldavia]. PMID- 6229114 TI - [Isolation of nonlysogenic bacteria from lysogenic ones using a phage carrying resistance to antibiotics]. AB - The method for obtaining nonlysogenic bacteria from lysogenic ones by means of a phage carrying resistance to antibiotics is proposed. Solitary nonlysogenic cells in a lysogenic culture are lysogenized after the infection of the culture with a labeled phage and then harvested on a selective medium: under special conditions the phage is eliminated from the cells. PMID- 6229115 TI - [Erysipeloid as an occupational disease of workers in shoe enterprises]. AB - An outbreak of erysipeloid among the workers of a shoe factory is described. The spread of infection occurred due to contact with infected raw materials, which was confirmed by the isolation of Erysipelotrix rhusiopathiae from washings made from chrome and Russia leather supplied by different tanneries, as well as from casein glue. The raw materials could be additionally infected by rodents, in particular by common voles; the above-mentioned infective agent had been repeatedly isolated from these animals on the territory of this region. Leather was also infected in the process of soaking: the infective agent was isolated from the water of soaking baths. For the first time the routes of the spread of erysipeloid infection among shoe factory workers were bacteriologically confirmed. The recommended complex of sanitary, medical and antiepidemic measures led to the liquidation of the outbreak and thus proved to be effective. The authors draw the attention of epidemiologists, sanitary inspectors, occupational pathologists and heads of medical centers at shoe factories to the necessity of preventing the spread of occupational erysipeloid infection among the workers, as well as to the necessity for dermatologists, surgeons and infectionists, most frequently dealing with erysipeloid patients, to be correctly oriented in respect to this infection. PMID- 6229116 TI - [Phage typing of the coagulase-positive staphylococci isolated from various species of animals]. AB - More than 200 coagulase-positive strains of animal origin have been studied by means of Staphylococcus aureus typing phages, belonging to two international sets and intended for typing staphylococci isolated from large cattle and humans, and experimental "chicken" phage A 1591. Among S. aureus strains the cultures isolated from swine, cows, chickens, and belonging to biotypes B1, C1, B2, respectively, have been mostly (in 78.5-90.0% of cases) determined by phage typing. The strains belonging to one biotype have proved to be sensitive predominantly to the same phages. In this connection further differentiation of staphylococci within individual biotypes by means of the phages used in these experiments seems to be impracticable. S. intermedius strains have been found to be completely resistant to the above phages, which confirms that S. intermedius is rightly considered to be an independent species of coagulase-positive staphylococci. PMID- 6229117 TI - [Suppressor activity changes in human T-lymphocytes as affected by adreno- and cholinotropic substances]. AB - The influence of oxyfedrine (beta-adrenoagonist) and carbocholine (cholinoagonist) on the functional activity of Con A-induced suppressor T lymphocytes in healthy persons and in bronchial asthma patients was studied. Oxyfedrine at a concentration of 10 micrograms/ml (10(-5) M) was shown to induce a significant increase in the suppressing activity of both normal lymphocytes and those obtained from bronchial asthma patients. The repeated incubation of lymphocytes with carbocholine at a concentration of 5 micrograms/ml (10(-6) M) led to the removal of the suppressing effect of normal lymphocytes and to the increase of the activating effect of lymphocytes from bronchiae asthma patients. PMID- 6229118 TI - [Results of conducting an epidemiological survey of diphtheria in 21 territories of the RSFSR]. AB - As the result of epidemiological survey of diphtherial infection, carried out in conformity with the unified methodological recommendations in 21 regions of the RSFSR during 1980-1981, the expediency of such experiment was established. Immunity to diphtheria in children aged up to 14 years was high: children with negative Schick tests constituted 96.9-99.1%. No biological changes in Corynebacterium diphtheriae occurred during the term of observation. Toxigenic C. diphtheriae showed a high level of pathogenicity. The epidemiological survey contributed to a more thorough detection of diphtheria patients and carriers releasing toxigenic C. diphtheriae. The quality of clinical bacteriological diagnosis improved. In rare cases angina with the concomitant carriership of toxigenic C. diphtheriae could be diagnosed with the indispensable serological examination of the patients by Jensen's method. PMID- 6229119 TI - [Lumbalgia in adolescents and young adults]. AB - On the basis of clinical and roentgenologic examinations of 67 patients under 20 years of age, a symptom-complex of lumbago is described. The clinical manifestations and the course of the disease as well as impairments of the spine both under static and dynamic conditions are presented. Recommendations on the treatment and prophylaxis of lumbago are offered. PMID- 6229120 TI - [Biogenic amine metabolism in patients with oligophrenia of different origins]. AB - The levels of blood serotonin and the urinary concentrations of 5-HIAA, DOPA, dopamine, adrenaline as well as the products of their conversion and disintegration were assessed in 104 oligophrenic patients of different age with different genesis (phenylketonurea, Down's disease, mental retardation of residual organic origin including the complicated syndrome of early childhood autism). The results obtained showed peculiar deviations in serotonin and catecholamine metabolism in each of the diseases, which were independent of the degree of mental retardation. Clinical-biochemical parallels point to considerable differences in the mechanisms of the revealed metabolic digressions in the studied forms of psychic retardation. PMID- 6229121 TI - [Surgical treatment of atherosclerotic arteriopathies of aortoiliac location]. PMID- 6229122 TI - [Diagnosis, surgical treatment and physical retraining in peripheral vascular disorders]. PMID- 6229123 TI - [Dynamographic gait pattern in foot lesions]. PMID- 6229124 TI - [Should patients with aortofemoral surgery be monitored? The value of digital angiography using the venous approach]. PMID- 6229125 TI - [Nontraumatic functional vascular exploration in the monitoring of the treatment of obliterative arteriopathies of the lower limbs treated by percutaneous endoluminal angioplasty]. PMID- 6229126 TI - [Digital angiography and percutaneous endoluminal angioplasty]. PMID- 6229127 TI - [Indications for the digital angiography method in peripheral arteriopathies]. PMID- 6229128 TI - [The Doppler-Fizeau effect. Digital radiology]. PMID- 6229129 TI - [Facilitation of muscle function in very weak muscles (muscle test values from 0 to 2)]. PMID- 6229130 TI - T-ALL related to intermediate cortical/medullary thymocytes displaying functional and surface characteristics of suppressor T cells. AB - Leukemic cells of a patient with acute T-lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) exhibiting the uncommon clinical feature of hypogammaglobulinemia were examined in terms of surface markers and immunologic functions. Employing various monoclonal reagents reacting with surface antigens present on T cells and additional conventional markers, it was shown that the patient's leukemic cells expressed a phenotypical profile (E-R+, TdT+, C3d-R-, OKT3-, T4-, T6(+), T 10+, T8++) corresponding to the intermediate stage between the cortical and medullary phase of normal thymocyte differentiation. Functionally, they were unable to respond to mitogens or to produce detectable amounts of immunoglobulins or to provide 'help' for allogeneic antibody production while they suppressed the immunoglobulin production of normal B cells by 76% in coculture experiments. PMID- 6229131 TI - Effect of Bordetella pertussis vaccine on the sensitivity to a lymphotropic cytostatic agent in germfree mice. AB - A single injection of 15 mg/kg dianhydrodulcitol caused death at a higher proportion of germfree, specific pathogen free, and conventional mice with lymphocytosis and spleen hypertrophy induced by Bordetella pertussis vaccine pretreatment, than of unvaccinated controls. PMID- 6229132 TI - Effect of cyclophosphamide on spleen cell suppressor activity and tumour growth in mice. AB - Following a single injection of cyclophosphamide (Cy) a biphasic spleen reaction occurred. During the first week the spleen size as well as the proliferative activity of the spleen cells were markedly reduced. However, during the next week a compensatory reaction developed with spleen enlargement and cellular proliferation far above normal. In the period of increasing spleen size, days 7 12 after Cy injection, the mitogenic response of the spleen cells was reduced and simultaneously they developed a suppressor activity which was able to inhibit the mitogen response of normal spleen cells. This suppressor activity could be reduced if the mice were reconstituted by an injection of normal spleen cells after Cy injection. Injection of Cy one day before tumour transplantation resulted in reduced tumour growth in syngeneic recipients compared with non treated controls. However, this inhibition of tumour growth was abolished when normal spleen cells were injected after Cy treatment. PMID- 6229133 TI - [Suppressor activity induced by concanavalin A in peripheral blood lymphocytes of patients with solid malignant tumors]. AB - The suppressor activity induced by Concanavalin A (Con A) was evaluated in peripheral lymphocytes from 20 patients with solid malignant tumors of different origin, that is: 9 lung epidermoid carcinomas; 6 breast adenocarcinomas and 5 melanomas. Simultaneously 10 normal control subjects were studied. No significant differences in the percentage of suppression were found in patients bearing breast adenocarcinoma and lung epidermoid carcinoma as compared to normal subjects. Melanoma patients, on the contrary, showed significant differences on the same test. On the other hand, the Con A lymphoproliferative response was found to be only significantly increased in the melanoma patients compared to normal controls. No differences were found in the percentage of peripheral blood lymphocytes between patients and controls. PMID- 6229135 TI - Encephalopathy in Duchenne's muscular dystrophy. PMID- 6229134 TI - Prognostic significance of reactive changes in regional lymph nodes in cancer. PMID- 6229136 TI - [Proprioception in the tongue of the monkey--Macaca rhesus]. PMID- 6229137 TI - [Bactericidal effect of Persteril solution with added detergents]. PMID- 6229138 TI - [Surgical rehabilitation of the voice following Serafini's, Amatsu's and Staffieri's laryngectomies]. PMID- 6229139 TI - Seasonal occurrence of the tetanic syndrome. PMID- 6229140 TI - The importance of psychic and social factors in ethiopathogenesis of myocardial infarction. PMID- 6229141 TI - Effect of temperature on morphological and physiological character of ovicidal fungi. PMID- 6229142 TI - Notes on the psychopathology of epilepsy. PMID- 6229143 TI - [Self-whetting effect of diamond grinders]. PMID- 6229144 TI - School-achievement test with two possible correct responses. PMID- 6229145 TI - School-achievement test in evaluation of the students' knowledge of the antibiotic therapy. PMID- 6229146 TI - Specific therapy in haemophilia A--past and present. PMID- 6229147 TI - [Rotational stability following surgery of femoral neck fractures]. PMID- 6229149 TI - [Scanning electron microscopic study of the long crus and lenticular process of the incus]. PMID- 6229148 TI - Mutants of Chrysosporium parvum var. crescens--a causative agent of adiaspiromycosis. PMID- 6229150 TI - [Scanning electron microscopic study of the damaged lenticular process of the incus]. PMID- 6229151 TI - [Scanning electron microscopy of the damaged incus]. PMID- 6229152 TI - Ultrastructural changes of synapses in the frog spinal cord during hypothermia. PMID- 6229153 TI - Isolation and identification of alkaloids of the subfamily Wurmbaeoideae. PMID- 6229155 TI - Analysis of gait and isokinetic movements for evaluation of antispastic drugs or physical therapies. PMID- 6229154 TI - In commemoration of the tenth anniversary of the day of death of Prof. MUDr. Gustav Lejhanec, DrSc. PMID- 6229156 TI - Critical examination of the case for or against fusimotor involvement in disorders of muscle tone. PMID- 6229157 TI - Muscle sense and effort: motor commands and judgments about muscular contractions. PMID- 6229158 TI - "Muscular wisdom" that minimizes fatigue during prolonged effort in man: peak rates of motoneuron discharge and slowing of discharge during fatigue. PMID- 6229159 TI - Recurrent inhibition of motoneurons during the silent period in man. PMID- 6229160 TI - Long-latency automatic responses to muscle stretch in man: origin and function. PMID- 6229161 TI - Mechanisms of vibration-induced inhibition or potentiation: tonic vibration reflex and vibration paradox in man. PMID- 6229162 TI - Clinical neurophysiology of muscle jerks: myoclonus, chorea, and tics. PMID- 6229163 TI - Motor unit control in movement disorders. PMID- 6229164 TI - Muscle afferent function and its significance for motor control mechanisms during voluntary movements in cat, monkey, and man. PMID- 6229165 TI - Cytogenetic changes in patients with senile dementia. AB - Chromosome analyses were performed on lymphocytes from patients with Alzheimer type dementia, multi-infarct dementia, Down's syndrome and healthy controls. At least 100 cells were scored from each individual. A significant increase in aneuploidy was observed in the demented patients compared to controls but there was no difference between multi-infarct dementia and senile dementia of Alzheimer type. Nor was there any sex difference in the different groups. Also there was a significantly increased frequency of structurally altered chromosomes among the patients with senile dementia of Alzheimer type compared to other forms of dementia. In the control group such an anomaly was not observed. PMID- 6229166 TI - Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty: current procedure and future direction. AB - Atherosclerotic coronary artery disease is a progressive process for which effective palliative methods have been developed. The evolution of surgical bypass grafting over the past two decades now permits its application to most symptomatic patients. In 1977 an alternative, transluminal angioplasty, was first performed in man and has become widely accepted. Advanced radiographic equipment is required for adequate visual control of the placement of catheters, guide wires, and balloons. Careful manipulation of catheters is crucial to success and safety. Procedural details and proper follow-up are described. While a discrete stenotic lesion in a proximal single vessel is the ideal indication, some patients with double-vessel disease are now being accepted. In a personal experience of 2000 cases, successful dilatation was achieved in 88%. Emergency bypass surgery was required in 3.3%. Myocardial infarction occurred in 1.2%, and there were two deaths. In a larger, multiinstitutional study, the primary success rate has averaged 61%. Recurrent stenosis occurs in about 30%; redilatation is possible. Some perspectives about this effective, nonsurgical alternative are offered, including its potential for massive savings in the cost of handling obstructive coronary artery disease. PMID- 6229167 TI - Renal angioplasty: current status. AB - Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty has attracted a great deal of attention in recent years and is being used with increasing frequency for the treatment of renovascular hypertension from renal artery stenosis. One hundred forty dilatation procedures have been performed in 90 patients with 119 renal artery stenoses. Ten of the patients were treated for renal insufficiency alone. An initial success rate of 95% was achieved. The blood pressure response has been followed for 1-52 months (mean, 22 months). The mean diastolic pressure decreased by 36.7 mm Hg in response to the treatment. Of the 80 hypertensive patients, 25 were classified as cured, 47 as improved, and eight as nonresponders. Patient selection, the proper balloon size, and a good initial response are the major factors in determining long-term success. Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty is technically feasible and clinically effective for the treatment of renovascular hypertension. PMID- 6229168 TI - Painful os styloideum: bone scintigraphy in carpe bossu disease. PMID- 6229169 TI - Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty for arterial disease of the lower extremities. AB - Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty has become an effective method of restoring blood flow and relieving symptoms of peripheral arterial disease in the lower limbs. It has the advantages of less pain, morbidity, and cost compared with surgery. Best results are in short stenotic lesions where the patency rate at 2 years in iliac, superficial femoral-popliteal arteries, and popliteal arteries is 85%-90%, 50%-75%, and 70%-80%, respectively. Complications of distal embolization, thrombosis, and perforation occur in 3%-5% of attempts and require immediate surgery. Some considerations for the selection of patients, approach, technique, and use of drugs to control arterial spasm and thrombosis are reviewed briefly. PMID- 6229170 TI - Limited value of interlaced ECG-gated radiography in the presence of a normal chest radiograph. AB - Twenty-seven patients with normal posteroanterior and lateral chest radiographs, who were undergoing cardiac catheterization because of symptoms strongly suggesting coronary artery disease, also had posteroanterior and lateral interlaced electrocardiogram-gated radiographs made. In 14 patients, the interlaced radiography system underestimated (suggested hypokinesia) the wall motion, which was normal on cardiac catheterization. In two cases the system overestimated the wall motion, in two others it both under- and overestimated the motion, and in only nine cases was the correlation correct. These data suggest that the technique is of limited application, particularly in cases in which the routine chest radiographs are normal. PMID- 6229171 TI - Angioplasty of subclavian artery stenosis proximal to the vertebral origin. AB - Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty was performed in nine patients with symptomatic proximal left subclavian artery stenoses. All cases were technically successful. One significant delayed complication occurred in a patient whose common carotid-to-subclavian artery bypass graft occluded several months after a successful subclavian artery angioplasty with a probable subsequent embolic occlusion of the internal carotid artery. The other patients were asymptomatic after follow-up evaluations of 4-23 months. PMID- 6229172 TI - Familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and preexcitation. PMID- 6229173 TI - Risk of side branch occlusion during coronary angioplasty. AB - To assess the risk of side branch occlusion during percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA), 600 consecutive procedures were analyzed. On the basis of pre-PTCA angiograms of 557 patients in whom the balloon was actually inflated, 365 side branches in 302 patients (54% of patients) were deemed in jeopardy. A total of 122 side branches in 102 patients (18%) originated from the lesion segment itself, i.e., their take-off was narrowed (Group I, 33% of side branches at risk), whereas 243 side branches in 214 patients (38%) originated from the immediate vicinity of the stenosis in a way that they were subjected to temporary occlusion during balloon dilatation (Group II, 67% of side branches at risk). Patency of side branches was determined by consensus of 2 observers. Criteria for occlusion were disappearance, filling by collaterals, or stagnation of flow. After PTCA, 20 of 365 side branches (5%) were occluded and associated with chest pain in 5 patients, creatine kinase increase in 6, left anterior hemiblock, septal Q waves and transient atrial fibrillation in 1 and non sustained ventricular tachycardia in 1 of the 20 patients. Exercise tolerance did not decrease. No local predilection for side branch occlusion was evident. Seventeen of 122 side branches (14%) occluded in Group I, compared with 3 of 243 (1%) in Group II (p less than 0.001). Thus, more than half of the patients who underwent PTCA had side branches at risk for iatrogenic occlusion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6229174 TI - Assessment of electrocardiographic criteria for left atrial enlargement in childhood. AB - Ninety children, aged 1 day to 18 years (median 7 months), with electrocardiographic or echocardiographic evidence of left atrial (LA) enlargement were selected to determine if electrocardiographic criteria accurately reflected increased LA dimension as determined by echocardiography. Four cardiac defects known to produce LA enlargement were chosen: ventricular septal defect (24 patients), patient ductus arteriosus (25 patients), cardiomyopathy (27 patients) and mitral regurgitation (14 patients). Different electrocardiographic criteria for LA enlargement were assessed. The data indicated that the overall sensitivity and predictive value of the ECG to detect LA enlargement were 40 and 85%, respectively. The ECG and echocardiogram failed to agree in 62% of the patients. The most predictive variable for LA enlargement was the presence of a notched P wave in the limb leads with a large negative terminal deflection in lead V1. The sensitivity of ECG was highest in patients with chronic LA overload status, in mitral regurgitation (77%), cardiomyopathy (50%) and ventricular septal defect (54%). The results show that in the pediatric population, electrocardiographic criteria are moderately predictive for LA enlargement but not as sensitive as generally believed. PMID- 6229175 TI - T-cell imbalance in neutropenia of uncertain etiology. AB - The authors studied 16 consecutive patients with chronic neutropenia of uncertain etiology in whom bone marrow biopsies were performed. Using monoclonal antibodies, they measured the levels of the two major subclasses of T lymphocytes, cells with the T-suppressor/cytotoxic cell phenotype (Ts), and cells with the T helper/inducer cell phenotype (Th) in the blood of eight of these patients. Five patients had Ts lymphocytosis or increased proportions of Ts cells and Th lymphocytopenia. All five patients had greatly increased proportions of large lymphocytes with prominent cytoplasmic azurophilic granules. Since cells with similar morphology from normal individuals have been shown to express cytotoxic activities, the authors measured the cytotoxic function of cells from three of the patients with Ts lymphocytosis. All three possessed antibody dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) but not natural killer (NK) cell activity. Many patients had evidence of autoimmune disorders, conditions in which Ts cells usually are decreased. None had hypogammaglobulinemia, a disorder that has been associated with increased Ts activity. The high incidence of an imbalance in T lymphocyte subpopulations in patients with neutropenia suggests that disturbed immunoregulation involving T cells may play an important role in the pathogenesis of this disorder. PMID- 6229176 TI - Adverse reactions to vancomycin used as prophylaxis for CSF shunt procedures. AB - From January to May 1982, 37 children undergoing CSF shunt procedures in two different countries were enrolled in a randomized, double-blind, controlled study to receive vancomycin hydrochloride (15 mg/kg/dose) or placebo (saline) one hour before surgery and again six hours later. Twenty patients received vancomycin, and 17 received placebo. In the 35 cases that could be evaluated, shunt associated infections developed in three (17%) of 18 patients who received vancomycin and in four (23%) of the 17 placebo recipients. All infections were caused by Staphylococcus species susceptible to vancomycin. A histaminelike rash developed in seven (35%) of 20 patients during vancomycin infusion. It recurred with readministration in one patient and was accompanied by hypotension in another patient. The reactions were not related to too rapid infusion of vancomycin. Because of the adverse reactions to vancomycin, the study was discontinued. PMID- 6229177 TI - Lymphocyte populations in childhood idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. AB - Altered immune function has previously been reported in children with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). Some prior studies have shown that acute and chronic ITP might be differentiated by certain immunologic tests. We investigated lymphocyte subsets in 12 children with ITP (six acute and six chronic) using murine monoclonal antibodies. Although the mean percentages of B lymphocytes and total number of T lymphocytes, suppressor T cells, and helper T cells were similar in patients with acute and chronic ITP and in controls, the values for many children with ITP fell outside of the normal range. The distribution of values was similar among the patients with acute and chronic ITP. These results suggest a heterogeneous nature of immune-mediated thrombocytopenia in childhood. PMID- 6229178 TI - Immune complex glomerulonephritis in hydralazine-induced SLE. AB - Renal disease, a major feature of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rarely occurs in drug-induced SLE. Immune complex glomerulonephritis has been demonstrated in a few cases of SLE following procainamide or anticonvulsant therapy but has not been documented in association with hydralazine-induced SLE despite the recognition of this syndrome 30 years ago. We report the clinical and renal pathologic findings in a patient with hydralazine-induced lupus nephritis and review the renal pathologic material in earlier reports of hydralazine induced SLE. PMID- 6229179 TI - Fc-specific reticulo-endothelial clearance in systemic lupus erythematosus and glomerulonephritis. AB - Fc-specific reticulo-endothelial (R-E) clearance was determined in control subjects (n = 11) and in patients with immune complex (IC) glomerulonephritis (n = 22) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) nephritis (n = 10). Clearance (t1/2) depended on the removal of autologous erythrocytes labeled with 51chromium and sensitized with anti-D IgG by fixed splenic macrophages bearing receptors for the Fc portion of the IgG molecule. A significant difference in clearance rates was demonstrated between normal individuals with and without the HLA-B8, DR3 haplotype. Marked clearance defects were found in SLE (8/10), and t1/2 correlated with the levels of circulating IC. Delayed clearance was also observed in 6/11 patients with IgA nephropathy or Henoch-Schonlein purpura and in 4/11 patients with membranous nephropathy (MN). No correlation was found between circulating IC levels and t1/2 in these diseases. Clearance defects in these patients did not correlate with the presence of the HLA-B8, DR3 haplotype. This study demonstrates that some patients with IC glomerulonephritis have defective Fc-mediated clearance that does not appear to be secondary to IC blockade. PMID- 6229180 TI - Anticoagulants are of little value in the treatment of renal disease. PMID- 6229181 TI - Parenteral gold in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. AB - For over 50 years, gold therapy has played an important role in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Since 1932, many clinicians and investigators have confirmed the beneficial effects of the water-soluble gold salts, aurothioglucose and gold sodium thiomalate. Gold therapy is indicated for patients with active disease who are not responsive to conservative therapy. To minimize patient risks, contraindications must be considered, and careful clinical and laboratory monitoring must be performed under close supervision by the physician during therapy. Side effects may include vasomotor reactions, dermatitis, stomatitis, leukopenia, proteinuria, nephrosis, and thrombocytopenia. During therapy, one of six patients may have an adverse reaction requiring suspension or termination of therapy. Of the five tolerating gold, one will not benefit, three may have marked improvement, and one may have a remission. The usual recommended dosage schedule is intramuscular injection of 25 to 50 mg of gold salt at weekly intervals until a total of 1,000 mg has been achieved. At this level, gold injections may be spaced biweekly, triweekly, and then monthly for an indefinite period. PMID- 6229183 TI - Gene dosage effects in trisomy: comment on a recent article by B. L. Shapiro. PMID- 6229182 TI - Quantitative changes in T helper or T suppressor/cytotoxic lymphocyte subsets that distinguish acquired immune deficiency syndrome from other immune subset disorders. AB - Quantitative measurements of the immune cell subgroups, T helper (Leu 3+/OKT4+) cells and T suppressor/cytotoxic (Leu 2+/OKT8+) cells, were made in patients having acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) with Kaposi's sarcoma and in patients with AIDS and opportunistic infection, as well as in three other relevant populations. These included patients with lymphadenopathy syndrome, e.g., homosexually active males with lymphadenopathy who sought medical care for additional symptoms, and healthy male homosexuals, as well as a control population. Decrease in the number of T helper cells is characteristic of AIDS with Kaposi's sarcoma or opportunistic infection. Augmentation of the T suppressor/cytotoxic cell population is rare in AIDS with Kaposi's sarcoma but is more frequent in AIDS with opportunistic infection. Augmentation of the T suppressor/cytotoxic cell population, however, may occur in a variety of circumstances, including cytomegalovirus and other viral infections, in healthy, homosexually active males, and in otherwise healthy hemophiliac subjects receiving factor VIII treatment. Reduced T helper:T suppressor/cytotoxic cell ratio can be caused by either decrease in the number of T helper cells or augmentation of the T suppressor/cytotoxic cell population. Lowered T helper:T suppressor/cytotoxic cell ratio does not, by itself, help to distinguish between AIDS and other causes of reduced ratios. Quantitative measurements are needed to define the T subset changes. AIDS is characterized by decrease in the number of T helper cells and reduced T helper:T suppressor/cytotoxic cell ratio. The T helper (Leu 3+) and T suppressor/cytotoxic (Leu 2+) cell subpopulations can change independently. Identification of decrease in the number of T helper cells as an alteration that occurs independently of numerical change in other lymphoid subpopulations, such as T suppressor/cytotoxic cells and B cells, and the close association of the decrease in the number of T helper cells with AIDS are consistent with a distinct pathogenesis (and cause) for AIDS. PMID- 6229184 TI - Effect of amoxapine on speech in a patient with Huntington's disease. PMID- 6229185 TI - Induction of suppressor cell activity by human pregnancy serum. AB - Third trimester pregnancy serum caused a dose-dependent inhibition of the one-way allogeneic mixed leukocyte reaction (MLR) through an effect that occurred during the first 48 hours of culture. Pregnancy serum also inhibited the mitogenic responsiveness of normal mononuclear leukocytes to concanavalin A (Con A) while the responses to phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and pokeweed mitogen (PWM) were less affected. Preincubation of normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) for 48 hours with 10% pregnancy serum enhanced a suppressor activity transferable with cells. These pregnancy serum-induced effector cells suppressed the MLR only when they were autologous to the responder population (p less than 0.05). The same suppressor cell preparation inhibited the proliferative responses of autologous PBMC to Con A (p less than 0.001) and PWM (p less than 0.05). These data suggest that one or more factors in pregnancy serum can induce or enhance suppressor cell activity in vitro. A comparable increase in suppressor cell activity in vivo may be responsible for blocking maternal rejection of the fetus and for the observed improvement in clinical activity of rheumatoid arthritis during pregnancy. PMID- 6229186 TI - [Setting reaction of composite resins. Factors affecting the copolymerization reaction of Bis-GMA with TEDMA]. PMID- 6229187 TI - [The problem of fetal protection at the Research Institute of the Perinatal Medicine, Obstetrics and Gynecology of the Georgian Ministry of Public Health]. PMID- 6229188 TI - Inverted follicular keratosis is not a specific keratosis but a verruca vulgaris (or seborrheic keratosis) with squamous eddies. PMID- 6229189 TI - The nosologic position of inverted follicular keratosis is still unsettled. PMID- 6229190 TI - Inverted follicular keratosis is an irritated seborrheic keratosis. PMID- 6229191 TI - Most inverted follicular keratoses are probably verrucal vulgares. PMID- 6229192 TI - What histologic finding distinguishes onychomycosis and psoriasis? PMID- 6229193 TI - Lymphocyte subsets studied with monoclonal antibodies in liver tissues of patients with alcoholic liver disease. AB - In order to determine the nature of T lymphocytes accumulating in hepatic tissues of patients with alcoholic liver disease, we phenotyped these cells in situ, using monoclonal antibodies to lymphocyte surface antigens and the avidin-biotin peroxidase complex (ABC) technique. In portal areas of cirrhotic livers, a significant increase (p less than 0.001) in T lymphocytes was observed as compared to livers showing only fatty changes and normal liver tissues. The T cells accumulating in cirrhotic livers comprised T helper-inducer (T4) and T suppressor-cytotoxic (T8) subsets with the T4/T8 ratio of 1.4 +/- 0.5 (SD, n = 14). In contrast, the T lymphocytes in the cellular projections which extended into the parenchyma consisted mostly of suppressor-cytotoxic cells. The relative enrichment in T8+ lymphocytes among the cells invading the parenchyma suggests that they may be important in the mediation of a cytotoxic injury of hepatocytes in advanced alcoholic liver disease and in regulating an immunologic challenge possibly initiated in response to alcoholic hyaline. PMID- 6229194 TI - Atracurium-cutaneous reactions. PMID- 6229195 TI - An enzymatic method for inosine 5'-monophosphate in the femtomole range. AB - A method for measuring inosine 5'-monophosphate (IMP) by enzymatic generation of NADPH is described. Procedures are given for direct fluorometric assay in the nanomole range and indirect measurement with amplification by enzymatic cycling in the pico- and femtomole ranges. The most sensitive procedure represents a nearly 50,000-fold increase in sensitivity over enzymatic methods now available. Specificity of the assay was greatly enhanced by the use of the antibiotic coformycin, a potent inhibitor of adenosine deaminase (EC 3.5.4.4). This enzyme was found to be a major contaminant of one of the necessary enzymes, phosphoglucomutase (EC 2.7.5.1). The use of the method is illustrated by measurements of IMP in single stimulated and control rat muscle fibers. PMID- 6229196 TI - A colony filter-hybridization procedure for the filamentous fungus Neurospora crassa. AB - A colony filter-hybridization procedure for the filamentous fungus Neurospora crassa has been developed. The procedure is sensitive enough to detect Escherichia coli plasmid pBR322 DNA integrated into chromosomal DNA in a Neurospora transformant. Thus, it should facilitate the isolation of nuclear genes by plasmid-rescue procedures. PMID- 6229197 TI - Fentanyl- and sufentanil-oxygen-pancuronium anesthesia for cardiac surgery in infants. AB - The safety and efficacy of fentanyl-oxygen (50 and 75 micrograms/kg) and sufentanil-oxygen (5 and 10 micrograms/kg) were studied in 40 infants undergoing repair of complex heart defects. When fentanyl or sufentanil was given simultaneously with pancuronium, induction of anesthesia was rapid and smooth with only mild and clinically insignificant hemodynamic changes. Hemodynamic responses to tracheal intubation were completely blocked, whereas hemodynamic responses to surgical incision and sternotomy were partially and variably blocked. Except for somewhat more effective blocking of responses to surgical stimulation by sufentanil, the effects of both narcotics were similar. No significant differences in effects were found between the two dose levels of either drug. Transcutaneous oxygen tensions increased with induction, intubation, and surgical stimulation with both fentanyl and sufentanil, even in cyanotic patients with right to left shunts. Fentanyl- and sufentanil-oxygen-pancuronium anesthesia were both safe and effective for cardiac surgery in infants. This study raises the question of possible beneficial effects of high dose fentanyl and sufentanil in blunting stress responses in the pulmonary circulation, a critical aspect of anesthesia and intensive care in the infant and neonate. PMID- 6229198 TI - Hepatitis B vaccination of high-risk hospital personnel. PMID- 6229199 TI - Pulmonary vascular disease in children with congenital cardiovascular malformations. Etiologic considerations. AB - A detailed clinical analysis of 16 patients with various forms of congenital cardiac malformations with the potential for large left-to-right shunts who developed extreme pulmonary hypertension in infancy and early childhood has been carried out. The study plan was to include only patients with sufficiently long follow up to allow analysis of their course in both the prepubescent and postpubescent periods. In early life these patients were all characterized by lack of evidence for significant development of the expected left-to-right shunt indicating inappropriate maturation of their pulmonary vascular circulation. Throughout all phases of their life, they were significantly polycythemic in comparison with a control group but this polycythemia, representative of peripheral systemic hypoxemia, increased markedly with the acquisition of puberty in all patients. These two findings indicate both an early abnormality, suggestively primary, of the pulmonary vasculature and a late progression of the disease associated with pubertal maturation. PMID- 6229200 TI - [Mucolipidosis III. Apropos of a case]. AB - Authors present a case of mucolipidosis III diagnosed in a boy suffering from articular retractions, platyspondylia and a normal mucolysacchariduria. Biochemical characteristics of the lisosomial enzyme, reduced in fibroblasts in culture and increased in biological fluids allow such diagnose. Primary enzyme lack being not yet explained, authors comment upon the hypothesis trying to explain biochemical findings. PMID- 6229201 TI - Hepatitis B vaccine. Health and Public Policy Committee, American College of Physicians. PMID- 6229202 TI - Reaction to hepatitis B virus vaccine. PMID- 6229204 TI - Lymphocyte subpopulations in sarcoid pleural effusion. PMID- 6229203 TI - The acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in the wife of a hemophiliac. AB - A 71-year-old previously healthy woman developed unexplained thrush, onychomycosis, Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, and a T-cell defect consistent with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Her only apparent risk factor was infrequent, monogamous sexual contact with her husband, a 74-year-old hemophiliac who had received factor VIII concentrate and subsequently died due to P. carinii pneumonia. She first developed probable signs of the syndrome (recurrent thrush and onychomycosis) 1 year before her husband became ill. These findings suggest that the syndrome can be transmitted heterosexually by an asymptomatic person, and that the female sexual partners of hemophiliacs treated with factor VIII concentrate may be at risk of acquiring the syndrome; frequent sexual contact or several sexual partners are not necessary for transmission to occur; and the syndrome can occur in elderly people if exposed to risk factors. This case further supports the theory that the syndrome in hemophiliacs is due to an infectious agent that can be transmitted heterosexually as well as parenterally. PMID- 6229206 TI - Immunologic abnormalities in patients receiving multiple blood transfusions. AB - Concern for the potential risk of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome among blood cell recipients led us to measure immunologic functions in patients who had received multiple transfusions. Abnormalities of two immunologic tests, natural killer cell function and helper/suppressor (T4/T8) lymphocyte subpopulation ratio, have characterized patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and are prevalent in populations at risk for this syndrome. Natural killer cell function was severely depressed in multiply transfused patients. However, T4/T8 ratios were normal in this population. The role of chronic antigenic stimulation was studied by measurement of HLA-DR expression on T cells. The expression of HLA DR antigen is markedly elevated in multiply transfused patients. These results show that chronic exposure to foreign antigens may be associated with abnormalities of immunologic function, but that chronically transfused patients do not have the same immunologic profile as reported in some homosexuals and hemophiliacs. PMID- 6229205 TI - Drugs five years later. Bromocriptine. AB - Bromocriptine, a specific dopamine receptor agonist, has been used for the treatment of various hyperprolactinemic conditions and as adjunctive therapy for acromegaly (with or without concomitant hyperprolactinemia) and Parkinson's disease. Bromocriptine is extremely effective in suppressing prolactin secretion regardless of the cause, in restoring gonadal function and fertility, and in decreasing the size of prolactin-secreting pituitary tumors. Most patients with acromegaly have clinical improvement with this drug. When bromocriptine is added to a regimen of levodopa or carbidopa, patients with Parkinson's disease frequently have additional clinical improvement and, in most patients, the levodopa or carbidopa dose can be reduced. Withdrawal of bromocriptine therapy is associated in most patients with reversal of its beneficial effects--return of hyperprolactinemia, return of excess growth hormone secretion, and exacerbation of Parkinson's disease. PMID- 6229207 TI - Occupational and environmental disease. PMID- 6229208 TI - The etiopathogenesis of degenerative myopia. AB - With reference to the most recent neurobiological and clinical research into the causes of degenerative myopia, this report is an original etiopathogenetic hypothesis for this disease. PMID- 6229209 TI - [Hysteroscopy in the evaluation of infertile patients]. PMID- 6229210 TI - [Leukonychia totalis and ectodermal dysplasia. Report of 2 cases]. AB - The authors describe two brothers showing leukonychia totalis in association with deafness, hyperkeratosis palmaris and plantaris, scalp modifications and dental lesions. The onychopathia began during early childhood and was also present in four other members of the same family. All nails of both hands and feet were affected and appeared white, dull and with inconspicuous lunulae. The hair was rough, dark, bristly, looking like steel wire. In particular, the changes of the hair shaft were studied under scanning electron microscope. Hair dysplasia, accompanied by structural changes such as complete and incomplete twistings, longitudinal grooves and modified imbrication, was found. After briefly reviewing the literature on the subject, the authors point out the suggestive hypothesis that all these manifestations might possibly we ascribed to a single genetic defect, in spite of their different clinical features in the various patients. PMID- 6229211 TI - [Is an ungual dermatophyte necessarily pathogenic?]. PMID- 6229212 TI - [Contact eczema with photosensitivity caused by Alcyonidium gelatinosum]. PMID- 6229214 TI - The best back to manipulate? AB - A series of 104 patients 'cured' by one, or at most two, manipulations in reviewed. A clinical syndrome emerges--recent and/or sudden onset of back pain and leg pain, no neurological symptoms or signs, a mechanical pattern of back movements with extension more limited than flexion, straight leg raising (SLR) more than 60 degrees and no neurological signs. PMID- 6229213 TI - [A new case of mucopolysaccharidosis type VII with major skeletal abnormalities]. PMID- 6229215 TI - Patient posture and the anaesthetist. PMID- 6229216 TI - In vitro activity of enoxacin, a quinolone carboxylic acid, compared with those of norfloxacin, new beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, and trimethoprim. AB - Enoxacin is a new quinolone carboxylic acid compound. Its activity against 740 bacterial isolates was determined. It inhibited 90% Escherichia coli, Klebsiella sp., Aeromonas sp., Enterobacter spp., Serratia spp., Proteus mirabilis, and Morganella morganii at less than or equal to 0.8 micrograms/ml. The majority of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was inhibited by less than or equal to 3.1 micrograms/ml. Haemophilus spp. and Neisseria spp. were inhibited by less than 0.1 micrograms/ml. Although most Staphylococcus aureus were inhibited by 3.1 micrograms/ml, some streptococcal species had minimal inhibitory concentrations of 6.3 to 12.5 micrograms/ml and Bacteroides sp. had minimal inhibitory concentrations greater than or equal to 25 micrograms/ml. Activity of enoxacin and norfloxacin was similar. Enoxacin inhibited organisms resistant to cefotaxime, moxalactam, gentamicin, and piperacillin. Enoxacin was less active in urine at an acid pH than in broth, but serum did not decrease minimal inhibitory concentrations or minimal bactericidal concentrations. There was no major difference between minimal inhibitory concentrations and minimal bactericidal concentrations. Resistance frequency development was less than 10(-9) for most bacterial species. PMID- 6229217 TI - Purification and characterization of mucopolysaccharidase from an oral strain of Bacteroides sp. AB - A mucopolysaccharidase in the cell extract of an oral strain of Bacteroides sp. was purified to homogeneity by ammonium sulfate precipitation, DEAE-cellulose column chromatography, gel filtration on Sephadex G-200, and isoelectric focusing. Specific activity increased 110-fold and recovery was 2%. The molecular weight was determined to be 89,000 by gel filtration, and the isoelectric point was 7.0. The optimum pH for the activity was 6.5. The enzyme was inactivated by heating at 60 degrees C for 5 min. The purified mucopolysaccharidase degraded hyaluronic acid more rapidly than chondroitin and chondroitin sulfate A and C. However, it had no activity against chondroitin sulfate B, heparin, and heparan sulfate. Since unsaturated disaccharides were derived from the enzyme substrate, this enzyme was considered to be a mucopolysaccharide lyase. PMID- 6229218 TI - Chemotaxonomy of Gibberella zeae with special reference to production of trichothecenes and zearalenone. AB - By adopting a single-spore isolation technique, 113 isolates of Gibberella zeae, the perfect stage of Fusarium graminearum, were isolated from rice stubbles in barley and wheat fields and tested for production of trichothecenes and zearalenone on rice grains. Of the isolates, 93% produced the trichothecenes, and they could be subdivided into two chemotaxonomic groups: nivalenol and fusarenon X producers and deoxynivalenol and 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol producers. No cross production of these two types of trichothecenes was observed in these isolates. Zearalenone was detected in 68% of the isolates, but no clear relationship could be observed regarding its position with respect to the two chemotaxonomic groups. PMID- 6229219 TI - Epidermal cell proliferation following an active arthus reaction in the guinea pig. AB - Active Arthus reactions were provoked by injections of 100 micrograms horseradish peroxidase (HRP), 10 micrograms HRP and 100 micrograms bovine serum albumin (BSA) into the skin of sensitized guinea pigs. Labeling indices (LI) of epidermal basal cells were measured 1, 4, 8, 24, 48 and 72 h later by the in vivo 3H-thymidine labeling technique, and compared with those obtained with injections of antigens into the skin of non-sensitized guinea pigs. From 1-8 h after the induction of an active Arthus reaction, the LI of epidermal basal cells of the skin injected with 100 micrograms HRP decreased to a remarkably low value. On the other hand, those obtained with the reaction against 10 micrograms HRP were significantly high. At 24 h after the reaction, LI were as high as those obtained in non-sensitized guinea pigs with control intradermal injections, though the former persisted high until 48 h after the injection. In addition, decreased LI of the epidermal basal cells were observed in the skin 4 h after intradermal injections of immune complexes. It was suggested that DNA synthetic activity of the epidermis increases in a mild active Arthus reaction, while the activity may be suppressed in a severe active Arthus reaction up to 8 h after provocation. PMID- 6229220 TI - ATPase, antigens detected by monoclonal antibodies, ultrastructural characters: which is the best marker for Langerhans cells? PMID- 6229222 TI - Potential reservoir and vectors of haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) in the U. S. S. R. PMID- 6229221 TI - [Changes induced by gestagens in the contractile responses of the rat vas deferens to KCl and BaCl2 in vitro]. PMID- 6229223 TI - [Arrhythmogenic dysplasia of the right ventricle. First case reported in the Republic of Mexico]. AB - A case of arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia in a 27 year-old woman is presented, the first one published in Mexico. Palpitations and episodes of syncope were the most important symptoms. Ventricular premature beats and bigeminy without evidence of cardiomegaly or heart failure were disclosed on physical examination. Electrocardiograms revealed frequent, multifocal ventricular extrasystoles with complete left bundle branch block morphology suggesting a right ventricular origin. Dilatation, hypokinesia and decreased ejection fraction were found by both, bidimensional, echocardiography and radionuclear grammography. Right heart catheterization revealed normal pressures and confirmed the hypokinesia, dilatation and decreased ejection fraction; furthermore, irregularities in the endocardial contour of the right ventricle produced a "cauliflower-like" image. Lidocaine suppressed the episodes of ventricular tachycardia, but prevention of recurrences was only obtained with the administration of amiodarone. A review of the literature regarding the diagnosis of this disease is discussed; in addition to the clinical, anatomic and functional aspects above mentioned, an electrophysiological study may be indicated to confirm the right ventricular origin of the arrhythmias with re entry mechanism. PMID- 6229224 TI - [Hypertensive cardiopathy and myocardial perfusion]. PMID- 6229225 TI - Cardiomegaly with chronic renal failure. PMID- 6229226 TI - Unusual manifestations of hypothyroidism. AB - Thyroid hormone exerts direct effects on essentially all of the organ systems of the body. Hypothyroidism is a frequently diagnosed endocrine disorder that has characteristic clinical signs and symptoms. In addition to these common manifestations, however, there are many additional manifestations of hypothyroidism that are less commonly acknowledged and include involvement of the hematologic, muscular, cardiac, and rheumatologic systems. It is important to recognize that these other organ systems may be involved and that the resulting disease states can dominate the clinical picture. As with the classic manifestations of hypothyroidism, these unusual manifestations respond to thyroid hormone replacement therapy. Thus, the importance of recognizing these signs and symptoms, as a result of hypothyroidism, is evident. This article emphasizes these less common manifestations of the patient with hypothyroidism, and, in addition, discusses the possible pathophysiologic mechanisms by which thyroid hormone deficiency can lead to organ system dysfunction. PMID- 6229227 TI - Transient acquired immunodeficiency during rickettsial disease. PMID- 6229228 TI - Ancrod in systemic lupus erythematosus with thrombosis. Clinical and fibrinolysis effects. AB - A patient with systemic lupus erythematosus had severe hypertension, rapidly worsening renal failure, and multiple successive thrombotic cerebrovascular and retinal lesions develop. In a kidney biopsy specimen luminal thrombi were demonstrated in arteries and arterioles, without vasculitic or inflammatory changes. The patient's plasma was markedly deficient in both prostacyclin stimulating factor (PSF) and vascular plasminogen activator (VPA), and also contained a potent inhibitor of in vitro urokinase-induced fibrinolysis. Treatment with ancrod resulted in striking reversal of the progressive renal damage and clinical recovery from the thrombotic cerebrovascular and retinal lesions. This clinical improvement was associated with improved renal histologic appearance, correction of the PSF and VPA deficiencies, and disappearance of the urokinase inhibitor. Possible mechanisms of action of ancrod are discussed. PMID- 6229230 TI - [Computer evaluation of mucociliary clearance (99mTc-HAMM)]. PMID- 6229231 TI - Effect of aerosols of salbutamol and atrovent administered alone and in combination on tracheal mucous velocity in vitro. PMID- 6229232 TI - [Evaluation of mucociliary clearance during pulmonary ventilatory scintigraphy (99mTc-HAMM)]. PMID- 6229229 TI - Primary biliary cirrhosis. A patient with adverse reactions to tiopronin and autoimmune hemolytic anemia with reticulocytopenia. AB - A 32-year-old woman with asymptomatic primary biliary cirrhosis had autoimmune hemolytic anemia associated with reticulocytopenia and thrombocytopenia despite an intensely erythroid bone marrow. Her anemia was successfully treated with oral prednisolone and intravenous pulse methylprednisolone, with a rapid response of reticulocytosis and sustained erythrocytosis. Tiopronin therapy was later initiated and resulted in fever, rash, exacerbation of the liver disease, and positive direct and indirect antiglobulin tests. PMID- 6229234 TI - [Contact allergic dermatitis caused by exposure to cement]. PMID- 6229233 TI - Comparative study and grouping of nonstructural (NS1) proteins of influenza A viruses by the method of oligopeptide mapping. AB - Oligopeptide mapping of 35S-methionine labeled non-structural (NS1) proteins of 23 influenza. A virus strains showed the presence of both common and variable oligopeptides. Analysis of the oligopeptide maps revealed at least four groups of NS1 proteins. The first group includes NS1 proteins of several human H1N1 influenza viruses (that were designated as H0N1 according to the old classification). The second group is composed of NS1 proteins of H1N1 and H2N2 viruses. The third group includes NS1 proteins of H3N2 human influenza viruses. The fourth group is composed of NS1 proteins of five avian influenza viruses and an equine (H3N8) influenza virus. Two animal influenza viruses A/equi/Prague/56 (H7N7) and A/duck/England/56 (H11N6) contain NS1 proteins that belong to the second group. PMID- 6229235 TI - [Structure of the neuromuscular spindles in the tongue of human fetuses]. AB - The dynamics in development of some components--of the neuromuscular spindles in the human fetus and newborn tongues have been studied by means of certain general and neurohistological methods with elements of morphometry. During the whole prenatal period of the human life, there is a certain synchronism in the development of the lingual proper muscles and the neuro-muscular spindles. Certain integration in the development of the neuro-muscular spindles is observed in 4-6-month-old fetuses; in 8-9-month-old fetuses and in newborns it is substituted for heterochronicity. By the time of birth, the muscle spindle contractile elements are supplied with a more differentiated efferent innervation. The latter actively effects the morphological state of the intrafusal muscle fibers and forms a base for functional activity of the tongue. PMID- 6229236 TI - [Morphology of organs of the immune system in perinatally dying babies with autosomal trisomies]. AB - Morphology of the immune system organs was studied in 13 babies with autosomal trisomies (Down's, Edwards', and Patau's syndromes) dying in the perinatal period and having no morphological signs of infectious diseases. The control group included 5 babies without congenital malformations and 12 babies with unclassified multiple malformations. Hypoplasia of the lymphoid tissue was demonstrated in autosomal trisomies (the relative weight of the thymus decreased 2-fold; the spleen, lymph nodes and the intestinal tract deficient in lymphocytes). In Down's disease hypoplasia was most marked; besides, a 3-fold increase in the average area of Hassall's bodies as compared with that in Patau's and Edwards' syndromes and in the controls was observed. Babies with congenital malformations of non-chromosomal origin had no significant differences in the condition of the immune system organs as compared with babies without malformations which indicates the influence of chromosomal pathology on the formation of the immune system in the intrauterine period. PMID- 6229237 TI - Heterogeneous distribution of myosin in human masticatory muscle fibres as shown by immunocytochemistry. AB - On the basis of enzymic properties, different fibre types can be distinguished in human skeletal muscle (type I fibres and type II fibres with subtypes) and there is a correlation between fibre types and the occurrence of slow and fast myosin. In human masticatory muscles, fibres with ATPase activity at pH 9.4, intermediate between that of type I (low activity) and type II (high activity), are frequent. On cryostat-sectioned material, highly specific antibodies against fast myosin, slow myosin and slow light chains were applied. The myosin composition of human masticatory muscles was very heterogeneous, in contrast to that in limb muscles, with various proportions of slow and fast myosins, heavy as well as light chains. Type I fibres contained slow myosin only and type II mainly fast myosin, ATPase IM and type IIC fibres contained a mixture of slow and fast myosins in variable amounts. The findings conform with physiological evidence of a continuum of contraction times for motor units in the human masticatory muscles and suggests that these muscles are highly adapted to the special and complicated functions of the stomatognathic system. PMID- 6229238 TI - Muscle fibre types and muscle spindles in the jaw musculature of the rat. AB - The fibre composition and occurrence of muscle spindles was studied in the masticatory, the suprahyoid and the infrahyoid muscles of the rat. Muscle fibres were typed as fast-white, fast-intermediate, fast-red and slow-red according to their ATPase and SDH activity. Fibre type appeared to be closely related to fibre diameter. In most of the muscles, all four fibre types were found. Slow-red fibres were absent in the superficial masseter, the transverse mandibular and the omohyoid muscles; fast-white fibres were absent in the mylohyoid muscle. The masticatory muscles were mainly composed of the three fast-fibre types; the jaw opener muscles (the anterior digastric, the posterior digastric, the posterior digastric, the stylohyoid and the lateral pterygoid muscle) showed more slow-red fibres. In the masticatory and most of the suprahyoid muscles, the slow-red fibres were restricted to an area with high SDH activity. In the infrahyoid muscles, the fibre types were evenly distributed. Many muscle spindles, often clustered, were found in the masticatory muscles, except in the lateral pterygoid. In most of the suprahyoid muscles, these sensory structures were absent. In the infrahyoid muscles, solitary muscle spindles were found. PMID- 6229239 TI - Surgical treatment of erectile impotence. PMID- 6229240 TI - Problems of persons with cerebral palsy in obtaining dental care. PMID- 6229241 TI - Immunological stability of an elapid venom, Tropidechis carinatus, and its relevance to the clinical detection of snake venom. AB - Using immunological techniques, cases of human snake-bite can be proven and individual snake species identified. A series of experiments is described, to test the antigenic stability and physical properties of an Elapid venom, venom properties which will have implications in field use, transport, or the laboratory procedures relating to the immunological characterization of Australian snake venoms. Using venom from the Elapid, Tropidechis carinatus, we have demonstrated significant immunological stability at a temperature of 37 degrees for 48 h at least, and for 24 h at least when incubated continuously with skin, muscle, and fat homogenates; the venom is stable at 56 degrees for 2 h at least. No loss of venom occurs over the pH range 7-10; at pH ranges less than 4 and at ranges greater than 10 only 30% of venom is detected after 30 min incubation. Sonication (10 min at 100 watts) does not destroy immunological properties of the venom; 10 freeze-thaw cycles result in some 9% loss of immunologically detectable activity. Venom is adsorbed significantly on to dacron swabs, only 13% of the applied does being detected after 48 h incubation at 28 degrees. Sixty-seven percent of applied venom can be recovered from the skin of human volunteers 6 h after a simulated bite. The venom of this Elapid is antigenically robust. With the currently available sensitive assays, venom from human skin should still be detected in material kept without special preparation under field conditions for up to 2 days at least. PMID- 6229242 TI - "Black spots" in Papua New Guinea Defence Force personnel: report of 12 cases. PMID- 6229243 TI - Insurance payment for TMJ treatment. PMID- 6229244 TI - Use of the MORA to reduce headaches on members of the U.S. Olympic Luge Team. PMID- 6229245 TI - Altered distribution of myosin isoenzymes in the cardiomyopathic Syrian hamster (BIO 8.262). AB - Myosin of the ventricular myocardium of the cardiomyopathic Syrian hamster and of control animals was analysed using non-dissociating pyrophosphate electrophoresis. Three different myosin isoenzymes exhibiting different Ca2+ activated ATPase activities were demonstrated in the ventricular myocardium of the Syrian hamster. As shown by peptide mapping, ventricular myosin isoenzymes differ in their heavy chain composition. In the cardiomyopathic hamster a shift to myosins of lower Ca2+-activated ATPase activities occurs in the stage of insufficiency (age 220 days), whereas no different isoenzyme pattern could be found at the age of 65 days compared to control animals. We conclude that this redistribution of myosin isoenzymes is the basis of reduced myosin ATPase activity in the ventricular myocardium of the cardiomyopathic Syrian hamster during the development of myocardial insufficiency. PMID- 6229246 TI - Effects of aging on atrial and ventricular human myosin. AB - Enzymatic and structural studies of human cardiac myosin from young and old subjects have been investigated to determine possible changes in myosin properties in aging hearts. Human ventricular myosin from old subjects (47-70 years old) has lower actin-activated ATPase activity than and increased alkaline sensitivity as compared to myosin from young subjects (1-132 months old). Ca2+ and K+(EDTA)-ATPase activities, pyrophosphate gel patterns and one-dimensional peptide mapping of heavy chains of ventricular myosin from old subjects are similar to those observed for myosin from young subjects. Atrial myosin from human hearts differs significantly from ventricular myosin in that the Ca2+-, Mg2+- and actin-activated myosin Mg2+-ATPase activities of atrial myosin are significantly higher than those of ventricular myosin. Pyrophosphate gel electrophoresis patterns and peptide mapping of heavy chains of atrial myosin are also different from those of ventricular myosin. Unlike ventricular myosin, atrial myosin from young hearts is similar to that of atrial myosin from old hearts in its enzymatic and structural properties. PMID- 6229247 TI - Guinea-pig kidney beta-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase towards Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein. Requirement of sialic acid in the acceptor for transferase activity. AB - A beta-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase that preferentially transferred N acetylgalactosamine to Sd(a-) Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein was found in guinea-pig kidney microsomal preparations. This enzyme was kidney-specific and was able to transfer the sugar to other glycoproteins, such as fetuin and alpha 1-acidic glycoprotein. The presence of sialic acid in the acceptors was essential for the transferase activity when either glycoproteins or their Pronase glycopeptides were used as acceptors. Two glycopeptides (Tamm-Horsfall glycopeptides I and II) with a different carbohydrate composition were separated by DEAE-Sephacel chromatography from Pronase-digested Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein. The amount of N acetylgalactosamine transferred to glycopeptides by the enzyme correlated with their degree of sialylation. Enzymic digestion of N-[14C]acetylgalactosamine labelled Tamm-Horsfall glycopeptide II showed that the transferred sugar was susceptible to beta-N-hexosaminidase. The amount of sugar cleaved by beta hexosaminidase was strongly increased when the labelled Tamm-Horsfall glycopeptide II was pretreated with mild acid hydrolysis, a procedure that removed the sialic acid residues. Alkaline borohydride treatment of the labelled Tamm-Horsfall glycopeptide II did not release radioactivity, thus indicating that enzymic glycosylation took place at the N-asparagine-linked oligosaccharide units of Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein. PMID- 6229248 TI - Comparison of the high-mobility-group chromosomal proteins in rainbow-trout (Salmo gairdnerii) liver and testis. AB - Chromatography and characterization of the proteins extracted by 5% (w/v) HClO4 from rainbow-trout (Salmo gairdnerii) liver and testis show that the two tissues present a characteristically different spectrum of high-mobility-group (HMG) proteins. A variant subfraction of HMG C is found in liver, but is not detectable in testis, where even the main fraction of HMG C is present in only very low quantity. A protein, F, which appears to be related to protein H6 has similarly been isolated only from liver and not from testis. Quantification of the HMG proteins in total 5%-HClO4 extracts of trout liver and testis nuclei shows that, in relation to DNA, levels of HMG T1 and T2, and D are more than 2-fold, and C, 20-fold higher in liver than in testis. However, these differences do not result merely from the sequential withdrawal of HMG proteins at the same time that histones are replaced by protamines in the developing spermatid, since in testis, at some stages of maturation, levels of H6 are almost 2-fold higher than in liver. The implications of these findings for the function of HMG proteins are discussed. PMID- 6229249 TI - HMG (high-mobility-group)-14/17-like proteins in calf thyroid. Thyrotropin dependent phosphorylation and comparison with calf thymus proteins. AB - Two-dimensional polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis of acid extracts of thyroid and thymus tissue, and of thyroid nuclei, revealed the presence of three HClO4 soluble nuclear proteins, PS.1, PS.2 and PS.3, whose electrophoretic mobilities closely resembled those of HMG (high-mobility-group) proteins 14 and 17. PS.1 co migrated with HMG 14 on CM-Sephadex column chromatography. Like HMG 14, PS.2 and PS.3 were phosphorylated in calf thyroid slices; 32P-labelling of PS.3 was stimulated by thyrotropin. Thyrotropin also induced a rapid increase in the labelling of A5, an HMG-14/17-like protein found in whole calf thyroid and thymus tissue, but not in thyroid nuclei. PMID- 6229250 TI - Effect of alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor and sulphated polysaccharides on the activity of m beta-acrosin. AB - Purified m beta-acrosin catalysed amidolysis in vitro of several p-nitroanilides with C-terminal arginine residues. alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor inhibited amidolysis catalysed by the enzyme. This effect of alpha 1-Proteinase inhibitor was not prevented by pre-incubation of the enzyme with heparin or any other glycosaminoglycan. Pre-incubation of the enzyme with sulphated dextran or sulphated cellulose alleviated the effect of alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor. These results are discussed in terms of possible in vivo modulation by alpha 1 proteinase inhibitor of acrosin activity. PMID- 6229251 TI - A synthetic crown ether carboxylic acid ionophore displays synergistic transport of Pr3+ in conjunction with lasalocid. AB - Transport of Pr3+ across phosphatidyl choline vesicles, as monitored by 31P nmr, is second-order in the crown ether carboxylic acid 2, as it is with respect to lasalocid (X-537 A). When the synthetic (2) and the natural (lasalocid) ionophores are incorporated together in approximately 3:1 ratio into the lipidic phase, the transport velocity is markedly enhanced. PMID- 6229252 TI - Isolation of an iC3b forming enzyme from peritoneal polymorphonuclear leukocytes of guinea pigs. AB - We have investigated fluid phase cleavage of C3b by peritoneal polymorphonuclear leukocytes of guinea pigs and found that polymorphonuclear leukocytes expressed an iC3b forming enzyme as well as C3b receptor with maturation in peritoneal cavity. The iC3b forming enzyme was found to be distinct from C3bINA, a physiological iC3b forming enzyme in plasma, since the activity was inhibited by monoiodoacetic acid and did not require a cofactor plasma protein, beta 1H, for the cleavage of C3b into iC3b. The iC3b forming enzyme is gradually released upon incubation of PMN at 37 degrees C. The molecular weight of the iC3b forming enzyme was estimated to be 48,000 from gel filtration on Sephadex G-200. PMID- 6229253 TI - Insulin secretion: combined effects of phorbol ester and A23187. AB - The effect of the ionophore, A23187, and/or the phorbol ester, 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate (TPA), on insulin secretion were compared with those of glucose. Glucose induces a biphasic pattern of insulin secretion; A23187 a comparable initial spike but no second phase; and TPA a slowly progressive increase. Combined A23187 and TPA evoke a pattern similar to that induced by glucose. Forskolin enhances both phases of glucose- induced and of TPA-A23187 induced insulin secretion. These results are interpreted in terms of a model of cell activation in which two branches of the calcium messenger system, the calmodulin branch and the C-kinase branch, control, respectively, the initial and sustained phases of insulin secretion. PMID- 6229254 TI - Effect of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on arachidonic acid metabolism and platelet function. AB - Studies from our laboratory have suggested a role for ferrous iron in the metabolism of arachidonic acid and demonstrated that inhibitors of prostaglandin synthesis exert their effect by complexing with the heme group of cyclooxygenase. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is a potent competitive inhibitor of arachidonic acid metabolism by sheep vesicular gland prostaglandin synthetase. In this study we have evaluated the effect of exogenously added DHA on platelet function and arachidonic acid metabolism. DHA at 150 microM concentration inhibited aggregation of platelets to 450 microM arachidonic acid. At this concentration DHA also inhibited the second wave of the platelet response to the action of agonists such as epinephrine, adenosine diphosphate and thrombin. Inhibition induced by this fatty acid could be overcome by the agonists at higher concentrations. DHA inhibited the conversion of labeled arachidonic acid to thromboxane by intact, washed platelet suspensions. However, platelets in plasma incubated first with DHA then washed and stirred with labeled arachidonate generated as much thromboxane as control platelets. These results suggest that the polyenoic acids, if released in sufficient quantities in the vicinity of cyclooxygenase, could effectively compete for the heme site and inhibit the conversion of arachidonic acid. PMID- 6229255 TI - Apolipoproteins (A-I, A-II, B), Lp(a) lipoprotein and lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase activity in diabetes mellitus. AB - Concentrations of HDL cholesterol, apolipoprotein (apo) A-I and apo A-II were found to be significantly decreased in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes (IDD) and non-insulin-dependent diabetes (NIDD) compared with carefully selected controls matched for sex, age and body weight. LDL cholesterol and apo B levels did not differ significantly between diabetics and controls. Concentrations of lipoprotein Lp(a), an independent risk factor for coronary artery disease in non diabetics, were above 20 mg/dl in only 14% of diabetics and in 5% of controls. LCAT activity was normal in diabetics, irrespective of type of diabetes, sex and age of patients. No correlation between HbA1 and either HDL cholesterol or A-I and A-II was found in IDD and NIDD. A positive correlation between HbA1 and either triglyceride or VLDL triglyceride was noted in IDD and NIDD. There was also a positive correlation between insulin dosage in IDD and HDL cholesterol, apolipoprotein A-I and A-II. PMID- 6229256 TI - [Control of Hansen's disease in an integrated health care system]. PMID- 6229257 TI - [Epidemiology of breast cancer. Study in 4 clinics of the Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social]. PMID- 6229258 TI - [Equity in the system of health care services. Concepts, indicators and interpretations]. PMID- 6229259 TI - [Perforating wounds of the eyeball caused by automobile accidents]. PMID- 6229260 TI - [Effects of dimaprit, an H2 receptor agonist, on blood levels of corticosterone in the rat]. AB - These experiments were performed in order to further clarify the role played by hystamine in the control of hypothalamus-hypophisis-adrenal axis. To this aim we evaluated the effect of Dimaprit, a H2 agonist on plasma corticosterone levels. This drug was administered intraperitoneally or i.c.v. at the doses of 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg or 100 gamma/animal respectively. The administration i.p. at the dose of 100 mg/kg increased plasma-corticosterone levels whereas Dimaprit, injected intraventricularly did not modify plasma-corticosterone levels. These results seem to suggest that Dimaprit stimulates corticosterone secretion at a peripheral level. PMID- 6229262 TI - Bronchodilator responses to nebulised ipratropium and salbutamol singly and in combination in chronic bronchitis. AB - A placebo controlled study compared the magnitude and duration of bronchodilatation produced by nebulised salbutamol (5 mg) and ipratropium (0.5 mg) singly and in combination in twenty patients with chronic bronchitis (mean baseline FEV1 was 33% predicted). The onset of action, of both nebulised salbutamol and ipratropium given singly, occurred within 15 min. Both agents produced a similar degree of bronchodilatation. In combination both the magnitude and duration of the bronchodilatation produced was significantly greater than with either agent alone. PMID- 6229261 TI - Massive pericardial effusion in a hypothyroid child. AB - A child with Down's syndrome and long standing severe hypothyroidism had a massive pericardial effusion without cardiac tamponade. The effusion completely resolved with medical treatment without pericardiocentesis. PMID- 6229263 TI - The effects of ICI 118,587 and atenolol on the responses to exercise and on breathlessness in healthy subjects. AB - The effects of ICI 118,587 and atenolol on the responses to submaximal exercise and on breathlessness were studied in six healthy subjects. Atenolol reduced heart rate at rest and during exercise whereas ICI 118,587 increased resting heart rate but caused a small reduction in the highest heart rate achieved during exercise. Neither ICI 118,587 nor atenolol significantly changed minute ventilation or oxygen uptake either at rest or during exercise. There were no effects on bronchomotor tone. The assessment of breathlessness was validated for the subjects participating in the study. Atenolol increased the intensity of breathlessness in relation either to ventilation or to oxygen uptake. This effect was not secondary to a change in bronchomotor tone but was possibly related to changes in pulmonary haemodynamics. On the other hand, the relationships of breathlessness to ventilation or to oxygen uptake were unchanged by ICI 118,587. The effects of ICI 118,587 on exercise tolerance and dyspnoea in patients with impaired cardiac function should now be determined. PMID- 6229264 TI - Sensitization of normal and malignant tissue to cyclophosphamide by nitroimidazoles with different partition coefficients. AB - The ability of a range of 2-nitroimidazoles with similar electron affinities but widely differing partition coefficients (P) to enhance the cytotoxicity of cyclophosphamide (CY) in mouse tumour and normal tissues was investigated. In a preliminary study large single doses of benznidazole (BENZ), misonidazole (MISO), desmethylmisonidazole (DMM), and SR-2508 were found to give similar enhancement of the RIF-1 and SCC VII/St tumours. SR-2555 was less effective. A direct comparison was made between MISO and SR-2508 using prolonged, low-level drug exposures, achieved by multiple injections. The enhancement of CY cytotoxicity achieved in the two tumour systems (RIF-1 and SCC VII/St) was found to be similar for a given blood sensitizer concentration. In the normal tissue assays (white blood cell count, bone marrow CFU-S and testis spermatogonia) neither MISO nor SR 2508 produced significant enhancement of CY cytotoxicity, so that the therapeutic gains achieved at a given blood concentration of sensitizer were similar for SR 2508 and MISO. The main advantage of SR-2508, however, will probably lie in its lower toxicity, permitting higher blood levels to be achieved. However, the slope of the dose response curves are rather shallow so we would not predict a dramatically increased benefit. PMID- 6229265 TI - What does mean length of utterance mean? Evidence from a comparative study of normal and Down's syndrome children. PMID- 6229266 TI - An immunological mechanism for the reduced incidence of malignant melanoma in patients with acne? PMID- 6229267 TI - Decreased induction of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity in hyperproliferative hairless mouse epidermis. AB - Hairless mice were treated topically with 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) to induce experimental chloracne. The aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) activity in the epidermis was monitored. TCDD is a potent inducer of AHH activity in normal skin. However, as continued TCDD application induced hyperproliferative and hyperkeratotic changes in the epidermis, the AHH activity decreased. Similar suppression in AHH activity was demonstrated in epidermis made hyperplastic by (a) tape stripping of stratum corneum and (b) repeated application of 50% oleic acid. This suggests that the epidermal AHH response varies with the state of epidermal differentiation. In the hairless mouse, AHH activity in hyperplastic epidermis is lower than that in normal epidermis. PMID- 6229268 TI - T-cell subpopulations in the blood and skin of patients with psoriasis. AB - Monoclonal antibodies were used to determine, simultaneously, the proportions of T-cell populations in the peripheral blood and in the skin lesions of fifty-one patients with psoriasis. The results were analysed in relation to the extent, age and clinical type of the skin lesions. In the group of patients with extensive lesions, a significant reduction in the number of total T (TT) and T helper/inducer-cells, (TH), but not in T suppressor/cytotoxic cells (TS) was observed in the peripheral blood. Furthermore, the skin TH/TS ratio was greater in late guttate and in chronic plaque lesions than the corresponding ratio in the blood. These findings suggest that there is an active selective recruitment of TH cells into established psoriatic lesions. In contrast, the TH/TS ratio in early guttate lesions was the same as in the blood, and significantly lower than in the plaque lesions. An additional finding was a decrease of TS, and a corresponding increase of null cells in the blood of patients with chronic plaque psoriasis. These observations provide further evidence for the participation of T cells in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. PMID- 6229269 TI - The significance of fibrinogen derivatives in plasma in human renal failure. AB - The concentrations in plasma of fibrinogen derivatives fibrinopeptide A (FPA), beta 15-42 antigen and fragment E (FgE) antigen have been determined in patients with renal failure and compared to the concentrations of the platelet release products, beta-thromboglobulin (beta TG) and platelet factor 4 (PF4). In 'partial renal failure' (51Cr-EDTA clearance rate 4-60 ml/min) FPA, beta 15-42 antigen, FgE antigen and beta TG levels were significantly raised above a normal laboratory control group. These levels were further raised in a group of patients whose disease required regular maintenance haemodialysis (51Cr-EDTA clearance rate less than 4 ml/min). PF4 levels were not significantly raised in either group. A statistical analysis of all patient results revealed that FPA, beta 15 42 antigen and FgE antigen levels all correlated with beta TG levels but not with PF4 levels. It is known that beta TG is catabolized by the kidney but PF4 is not and that elevated beta TG levels in renal failure are caused by impaired elimination rather than increased production. These results suggest that the plasma levels of these three fibrinogen derivatives are elevated in renal disease at least in part by decreased elimination rather than by increased thrombin and plasmin activities alone. PMID- 6229270 TI - Midline abdominal incisions. PMID- 6229271 TI - Enzymatic modifications of human plasma fibronectin in relation to opsonizing activity. AB - Plasma fibronectin is one of the largest plasma proteins (Mr approximately 440 000), comprising two approximately equal polypeptide chains which are held together by a disulfide linkage near the C-terminal end of the molecule. The binding of gelatinized latex beads to liver slices as well as the internalization of these particles by macrophages, in the presence of heparin, is greatly enhanced by fibronectin. The question as to whether the entire covalent structure of fibronectin was necessary for opsonizing activity was approached by limited proteolytic degradations of the molecule. Patterns of controlled digestion with trypsin, cathepsin D, Staphylococcus aureus protease, and plasmin all indicate that the minimal unit necessary for retention of opsonic activity is some large (Mr 200 000 and 190 000) single-chain entity. Treatment with plasmin proved to be the most reliable procedure for generating the active split product which could be readily separated from the inactive, disulfide-containing C-terminal fragment. Incorporation of dansylcadaverine into plasma fibronectin (3.5 mol/mol of protein) by fibronoligase (coagulation factor XIIIa) did not affect the opsonic activity of the protein. PMID- 6229272 TI - A previously unrecognized subunit of the receptor for immunoglobulin E. AB - Our laboratory previously found that under conditions that stabilized the interaction between the alpha and beta subunits of the receptor for immunoglobulin E, two new components were recovered having apparent molecular weights of 45 000 and 20 000, respectively. In this paper, we characterize the 20 kDa material. We demonstrate that it consists of a disulfide-linked dimer of 10 kDa polypeptides and that these have all the characteristics expected for subunits of the receptor. We propose that they be termed gamma chains and that the receptor consists of four chains: one alpha, one beta, and two gamma chains. The gamma chains share many of the labeling properties of the beta chain and, like the latter, are likely to be embedded in the plasma membrane and exposed on the internal but not the external surface of the bilayer. PMID- 6229273 TI - Covalent cross-linking of subunits of the receptor for immunoglobulin E induced by immunoprecipitation. AB - The receptor on rat basophilic leukemia and related normal cells that binds monomeric immunoglobulin E (IgE) with high affinity contains four polypeptide chains: alpha (to which the IgE binds), beta, and a disulfide-linked dimer of gamma chains. In this study, we have analyzed a further component variably seen when the purified receptors are analyzed on polyacrylamide gels. This component has an apparent Mr of approximately 43 000 and, after treatment with reducing agents, yields one beta and two gamma chains. This complex is generated by immunoprecipitation of preparations totally lacking in it. This novel in vitro phenomenon has provided additional information about the structure of the receptor. Its possible relationship to in vivo aggregation that triggers degranulation of the cells is of interest. PMID- 6229274 TI - Changes in the receptor for immunoglobulin E coincident with receptor-mediated stimulation of basophilic leukemia cells. AB - Aggregation of the receptor for immunoglobulin E on mast cells and related tumor cells initiates exocytosis. We examined tumor cells that had incorporated [3H]leucine and 32P to see if stimulating them produced modifications in the receptors themselves. No changes were observed in the yield of receptors or in the relative proportion and the molecular weights of their alpha, beta, and gamma subunits. In addition, no new "receptor-associated" components were observed. However, after the cells were stimulated, the gamma chains of the receptors showed an average 35% decrease in their associated 32P. Changes in the beta subunits were more variable but on the average showed a similar-sized increase in 32P. Using a novel protocol that permitted examination of aggregated and unaggregated receptors from the same cell, we found that changes in the unaggregated receptors were quantitatively indistinguishable from those exhibited by the aggregated receptors. These findings raise the possibility that the changes are related to one of the inactivation reactions thought to accompany the activation sequence. PMID- 6229275 TI - Calmodulin stimulates both adenosine 5'-triphosphate hydrolysis and synthesis catalyzed by a cardiac calcium ion dependent adenosinetriphosphatase. AB - A Ca2+-dependent ATPase purified from a rabbit heart membrane preparation was compared to the Ca2+-dependent ATPase purified from skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum. The two ATPases display an identical electrophoretic pattern and an identical Ca2+-concentration dependence. However, only the cardiac preparation exhibits a 2-3-fold activation by calmodulin. This effect is best observed when the molar concentrations of calmodulin and ATPase are equivalent and in the presence of high Ca2+ (approximately 10(-5) M) and ATP (approximately 10(-3) M) concentrations. It is demonstrated for the first time that calmodulin stimulates the rate of ATP synthesis, as revealed by an increased production of Pi and a faster ATP in equilibrium Pi exchange, as well as the rate of ATP hydrolysis. It is also demonstrated that calmodulin activation is expressed with purified and detergent-solubilized enzyme in addition to membrane-bound systems. These findings indicate that the effect of calmodulin is an acceleration of the enzyme turnover, due to direct interaction of calmodulin with the enzyme. PMID- 6229276 TI - Identification of selenocysteine in glutathione peroxidase by mass spectroscopy. AB - A convenient procedure was developed for identifying selenocysteine in selenoproteins by mass spectroscopy, based on formation of the 2,4-dinitrophenyl (DNP) derivative. Pure ovine erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase was reduced with sodium borohydride and reacted with 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene at neutral pH under anaerobic conditions in 4 M guanidine. The inactivated enzyme was hydrolyzed with 6 N HCl for 20 h at 110 degrees C under anaerobic conditions. Following extraction of the hydrolysate with benzene, Se-(2,4 dinitrophenyl)selenocysteine in the aqueous phase was separated from non-DNP amino acids by gel-filtration chromatography and then separated from other water soluble DNP-amino acids by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. The Se-(2,4-dinitrophenyl)selenocysteine was converted to Se-methyl-N-(2,4 dinitrophenyl)selenocysteine by the addition of sodium barbital to induce an intramolecular Se leads to N shift (Smiles rearrangement) under anaerobic conditions, in the presence of methyl iodide to trap the liberated selenol group. Following esterification of the product's carboxyl group with methanol and hydrochloric acid, it was subjected to direct probe mass spectroscopy and identified as the methyl ester of Se-methyl-N-(2,4-dinitrophenyl)selenocysteine. This procedure allows selenocysteine to be isolated quite easily as a readily identifiable derivative and has permitted the first identification of a seleno amino acid in a protein by mass spectroscopy. PMID- 6229277 TI - Direct observation of complexes of ssb and recA proteins with a fluorescent single-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid derivative. AB - Evidence is presented from fluorescence and kinetic experiments that ssb binds to a recA-ssDNA-ATP complex causing a major structural change in which some 40% of the bound recA is released. On addition of ssb to recA-epsilon DNA-ATP (containing the fluorescent analogue of ssDNA epsilon DNA), there is a slow first order decrease in fluorescence (t1/2 approximately 3 min). This is accompanied by a loss in the ATPase activity of recA protein. The resultant complex does not exchange epsilon DNA for added ssDNA. Measurement of the DNA-stimulated ATPase activity on addition of excess ssDNA reveals that 40% of the previously bound recA has been released. The stoichiometry of recA bound to epsilon DNA thus changes from 1 mol per six nucleotides to 1 per 10 on addition of ssb. Formation of the ssb-recA-epsilon DNA complex is dependent on ATP, and the rate varies with the concentration of ssb. PMID- 6229278 TI - Rabbit muscle phosphofructokinase. 2. Inactivation by the affinity label 5'-[p (fluorosulfonyl)benzoyl]-1,N6-ethenoadenosine. AB - The reaction of the fluorescent affinity label 5'-[p-(fluorosulfonyl)benzoyl] 1,N6-ethenoadenosine with rabbit skeletal muscle phosphofructokinase results in an inactivation of the enzyme and in the covalent incorporation of up to one label/monomer. The substrates, MgATP and fructose 6-phosphate, each protect against inactivation of the enzyme, but neither diminishes the extent of covalent incorporation of the label, indicating that the inactivation is not the result of covalent incorporation of the label. Dithiothreitol reactivates the inactivated enzyme but does not reduce the extent of incorporation of the label. A determination of the number of free sulfhydryl groups on the enzyme as a function of the extent of inactivation by the reagent suggests that the inactivation is associated with the loss of two free sulfhydryl groups per phosphofructokinase monomer. The inactivation reaction appears to involve the reversible formation of an enzyme-reagent complex (Kd = 1.11 mM) prior to the conversion of the complex to inactive enzyme (k1 = 0.98 min-1). In view of the protection afforded by either substrate and the evidence suggesting the formation of an enzyme-reagent complex prior to inactivation, it would appear that the inactivation results from a reagent-mediated formation of a disulfide bond between two cysteinyl residues in close proximity, possibly in or near the catalytic site of the enzyme. The site of covalent attachment of the label appears to be the binding site specific for the activating adenine nucleotides cAMP, AMP, and ADP. The extent of covalent incorporation of the label at this site is diminished in the presence of cAMP, and phosphofructokinase modified at this site by this affinity label is no longer subject to activation by cAMP. PMID- 6229279 TI - Optical properties and small-angle neutron scattering of bovine heart mitochondrial oligomycin sensitivity conferring protein. AB - The mitochondrial oligomycin sensitivity conferring protein (OSCP) was isolated from beef heart mitochondria according to Senior (1979) [Senior, A.E. (1979) Methods Enzymol. 55,391-397] with a supplementary step of Sephadex chromatography for more extensive purification. The ultraviolet and fluorescence spectra of OSCP were consistent with the presence of tyrosyl residues and the absence of tryptophanyl residues. From the circular dichroism spectrum of OSCP, 43% alpha helical structure was calculated; the dichroism spectra of OSCP in H2O and D2O were identical. A molecular weight (Mr) of 22 000 for OSCP was determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis at different concentrations of the polyacrylamide gel. The radius of gyration (Rg) and the shape of OSCP in H2O and D2O were studied by small-angle neutron scattering. The experimentally determined Rg value of OSCP in H2O was 24 +/- 1 A, and its Mr was 25 000 +/- 3000. Comparison of the experimental Rg value with that expected for a compact globular protein of the same molecular weight (17 A) led to the conclusion that OSCP is a considerably elongated molecule protein with an axial ratio higher than 3. In D2O buffer, the Rg value was higher than that in H2O, a situation in contrast with that observed for most globular hydrophilic proteins; this might be due to a preferential location of the positively charged lysine residues. PMID- 6229280 TI - Effect of lipid composition on the calcium/adenosine 5'-triphosphate coupling ratio of the Ca2+-ATPase of sarcoplasmic reticulum. AB - The Ca2+-ATPase of sarcoplasmic reticulum was purified and depleted of proteolipids by solubilization in Triton X-100 and by fractionation on a DE-52 column. The protein reconstituted by deoxycholate-cholate dialysis at low lipid to protein ratios (2-5 mg of lipid/mg of protein), with either dioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine or monogalactosyldiglyceride, exhibited high initial rates of ATP-dependent Ca2+ uptake [300-900 nmol min-1 (mg of protein)-1] and coupling ratios (Ca2+ transported/ATP hydrolyzed) up to 1.2. Ca2+-ATPase reconstituted with lipids of increasing degrees of methylation (dioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine, dioleoylmonomethylphosphatidylethanolamine, dioleoyldimethylphosphatidylethanolamine and dioleoylphosphatidylcholine) or increasing degrees of glycosylation (monogalactosyldiglyceride and digalactosyldiglyceride) revealed a progressive decrease in both ATP-dependent Ca2+-uptake and coupling ratios. The rate and extent of Ca2+ uptake decreased as the dioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine/dioleoylphosphatidylcholine or monogalactosyldiglyceride/dioleoylphosphatidylcholine molar ratios in the reconstituted vesicles were reduced. Vesicles reconstituted with high molar ratios of dioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine/dioleoylphosphatidylcholine or monogalactosyldiglyceride/dioleoylphosphatidylcholine and at a high lipid to protein ratio became leaky and released the Ca2+ accumulated inside the vesicles when the temperature of the incubation mixture was increased (e.g., from 20 to 37 degrees C).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6229281 TI - Spontaneous reactivation of covalently labeled proton adenosinetriphosphatase. AB - Bovine heart mitochondrial adenosinetriphosphatase selectively labeled by [14C] N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide or [14C]-7-chloro-4-nitro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole was used together with other components to form reconstituted submitochondrial particles. When assayed for ATP hydrolysis under normal hydrolysis condition, these labeled submitochondrial particles were found to increase slowly in specific activity with preincubation time, without losing the covalent label. But when assayed for oxidative phosphorylation, the ratio of the specific activity of the same labeled particles to that of the control particles was higher and was unaffected by preincubation. If the labeled particles had been treated by a simulated procedure for oxidative phosphorylation measurement before the ATPase assay, their specific activities for ATP hydrolysis were also found to be higher and unaffected by preincubation. These observations are difficult to reconcile with the alternating three-site model for proton adenosinetriphosphatase or any model which requires the sequential action of three identical sites for ATP hydrolysis and synthesis. A new model with one active and two latent interacting sites is proposed for interpreting the present data. PMID- 6229282 TI - Specific reaction of 9-cis-retinoyl fluoride with bovine opsin. AB - Opsin readily undergoes Schiff base formation between an active site lysine and 9 cis- or 11-cis-retinaldehyde to form the visual pigments isorhodopsin (lambda max = 487 nm) and rhodopsin (lambda max = 500 nm), respectively (Dratz, 1977). It would be predicted that 9-cis-retinoyl fluoride (1), an isostere of 9-cis retinal, should be an active site directed, mechanism-based labeling agent of opsin, since a stable peptide bond should be formed instead of a Schiff base. It is shown here that 9-cis-retinoyl fluoride (1) reacts with opsin in a time dependent fashion (t1/2 = 9 min at 25 microM 1) to form a new, nonbleachable pigment with a lambda max of approximately 365 nm. beta-Ionone competitively slows down the rate of the reaction. The absorbance of the new pigment at approximately 365 nm is similar to that of model amide compounds. This result is consistent in a general and qualitative way with the Nakanishi-Honig point-charge model for visual pigments which requires that the chromophore be charged, a situation not possible when the retinoid is linked to opsin via a peptide bond rather than a protonated Schiff base [Honig, B., Dinur, U., Nakanishi, K., Balogh Nair, V., Gawinowicz, M.A., Arnabaldi, M., & Motto, M.G. (1979) J. Am. Chem. Soc. 101, 7084-7086]. 9-cis-Retinoyl fluoride (1) is approximately 4-fold more potent than all-trans-retinoyl fluoride (2) as an inactivator of bovine opsin. Importantly, 13-cis-retinoyl fluoride (3) is inactive, and no new absorption band at 365 nm is observed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6229283 TI - Calcium release from sarcoplasmic reticulum of normal and dystrophic mice. AB - Contraction of skeletal muscle is triggered by release of calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. In this study, highly purified normal and dystrophic mouse sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles were compared with respect to calcium release characteristics. Sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles were actively loaded with calcium in the presence of an ATP-regenerating system. Calcium fluxes were followed by dual wavelength spectrophotometry using the metallochromic indicators antipyrylazo III and arsenazo III, and by isotopic techniques. Calcium release from sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicle was elicited by (a) changing the free calcium concentration of the assay medium (calcium-induced calcium release); (b) addition of a permeant anion to the assay medium, following calcium loading in the presence of a relatively impermeant anion (depolarization-induced calcium release); (c) addition of the lipophilic anion tetraphenylboron (TPB-) to the assay medium and (d) using specific experimental conditions, i.e. high phosphate levels and low magnesium (spontaneous calcium release). Drugs known to influence Ca2+ release were shown to differentially affect the various types of calcium release. Caffeine (10 mM) was found to enhance calcium-induced calcium release from isolated sarcoplasmic reticulum. Ruthenium red (20 microM) inhibited both calcium-induced calcium release and tetraphenylboron-induced calcium release, and partially inhibited spontaneous calcium release and depolarization-induced calcium release. Local anesthetics inhibited spontaneous calcium release in a time-dependent manner, and inhibited calcium-induced calcium release instantaneously, but did not inhibit depolarization-induced calcium release. Use of pharmacological agents indicates that several types of calcium release operate in vitro. No significant differences were found between normal and dystrophic sarcoplasmic reticulum in calcium release kinetics or drug sensitivities. PMID- 6229285 TI - The binding of acetic anhydride- and citraconic anhydride-modified human low density lipoprotein to mouse peritoneal macrophages. The evidence for separate binding sites. AB - Human plasma low-density lipoprotein (LDL) was modified chemically with either the monocarboxylic acid derivative, acetic anhydride, or the dicarboxylic acid derivative, citraconic anhydride, reagents which react principally with the lysine residues of protein. The modifications increased the net negative charge on the LDL particles, with citraconyl-LDL displaying a greater negative charge than acetylated LDL. Neither the antigenic reactivity nor the overall gross protein/lipid composition of the LDL were affected by the modification procedures, although a small reduction in the total cholesterol content was observed. The altered LDL species lost the ability to bind to the high-affinity cell surface B/E receptor but both bound to mouse peritoneal macrophages with saturable high-affinity kinetics. At 4 degrees C, the macrophages bound 125I labelled citraconyl-LDL more avidly (K = 21 X 10(-3) ml/ng) than they bound labelled acetyl-LDL (K = 2 X 10(-3) ml/ng). Competitive inhibition studies indicated that acetyl-LDL and citraconyl-LDL were bound to non-identical sites on the macrophage monolayer surface and that the binding site for citraconyl-LDL was also different from that recognized by hypercholesterolaemic rabbit plasma VLDL (beta VLDL). PMID- 6229284 TI - The modification of mammalian membrane polyunsaturated fatty acid composition in relation to membrane fluidity and function. PMID- 6229286 TI - Interaction of human platelet membrane glycoproteins with collagen and lectins. AB - The binding of platelets to collagen is the first step in hemostasis. We attempted three approaches for elucidation of the chemical nature of receptors of human platelets for collagen. First, we examined the effect of platelet surface alteration by chymotrypsin treatment. On increasing the concentration of chymotrypsin, collagen-induced platelet aggregation and the release reaction decreased, an in parallel with this change, remarkable decrease of membrane glycoproteins IIb and V, as well as 400 kDa and 300 kDa membrane proteins, was observed. Secondly, effects of several lectins on the platelet-collagen interaction were examined. Lens culinaris agglutinin was found to specifically inhibit the platelet aggregation and release reaction induced by collagen. This inhibition appeared to be caused mainly by blocking of the collagen receptors on platelets by Lens culinaris agglutinin. Furthermore, Lens culinaris agglutinin was found to bind preferentially to glycoprotein IIb as identified by sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of platelet membranes followed by staining with 125I-Lens culinaris agglutinin. In addition, a polymerized preparation of Lens culinaris agglutinin induced platelet aggregation. Thirdly, the membrane component which could bind to collagen Sepharose 4B was determined. Analysis by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis combined with autoradiography or fluorography revealed that glycoprotein IIb was most enriched in the bound fraction to collagen. From these results, glycoprotein IIb is most likely a receptor for collagen on human platelet membranes. PMID- 6229287 TI - Four neural circuit models and their role in the organization of voluntary movement. AB - Four neural circuit models and their role in the organization of voluntary movement are presented here. These circuits collectively control a ballistic type biped voluntary movement. The structure of each circuit, and its function is discussed. Three of the circuits are central and contribute to the construction of two classes of inputs, analogous to the alpha signals and gamma signals in biological systems. The fourth circuit plays a role in stabilization of the movement, and in compensation for the receptors. Digital computer simulations are undertaken to demonstrate the construction of all the intermediate signals and the response of a two link biped to these efferent signals. PMID- 6229288 TI - Correlation between helper/suppressor ratio and IgA levels in the peripheral blood from patients with liver diseases. AB - The correlation between serum immunoglobulin levels and "helper/suppressor" (T4/T8) ratio has been investigated in 45 patients with biopsy proven liver diseases (22 with ALD, 16 with CAH and 7 with VHR). In the ALD and CAH groups the T4/T8 ratio was significantly higher than in normal controls and a strong correlation was noticed with IgA, but not IgG and IgM levels. The same correlation was found in the VHR group as well, even if the mean value for the T4/T8 ratio in these patients was not significantly above that of normal controls. The pathogenetic significance of these findings is discussed. PMID- 6229289 TI - [Effect of chronic administration of antidepressants on the binding of 3H imipramine with mouse brain synaptic membranes]. AB - Subchronic (14 days) administration of chlorimipramine and zimelidine, and a new morpholine derivative produces different effects on 3H-imipramine binding with synaptic membranes of the mouse brain. Chlorimipramine increases the concentration of the binding sites (Bmax), zimelidine raises both the Bmax and the dissociation constant, while the new morpholine derivative does not significantly change these characteristics. It has been demonstrated that the changes in the Bmax that occur during prolonged administration of chlorimipramine depend on the method for the obtaining of membrane brain preparations. PMID- 6229290 TI - [Induction of T-suppressors of delayed-type hypersensitivity with a background of T-effector formation]. AB - Administration to mice of 10(5) syngeneic splenocytes modified with trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid leads to the formation of a population of T suppressors which are capable to sorb on a specific antigen. In recipients, these cells suppress only one phase of the induction of delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH). Their precursors are sensitive to the action of low doses of cyclophosphamide. The formation of the suppressors in question occurs during the generation of T effectors of DTH. It is suggested that the suppressors described may be attributed to Tc3 which are activated in the lymph nodes as a result of subcutaneous sensitization with antigen, and which are similar to Tc1 but have the Ly 2+ phenotype. PMID- 6229291 TI - [Radiosensitivity of chromosomes in lymphocytes from Down's syndrome patients]. AB - A study was made of the yield of chromosome aberrations in gamma-irradiated G0 peripheral blood lymphocytes from 6 patients with different forms of Down's syndrome. The doses used were from 0.25 to 3.0 Gy. Seven healthy donors of different age made the control group. There was a significant increase in the yield of chromosome exchanges in lymphocytes from all the patients as compared to control. The spontaneous level of chromosome aberrations and the frequency of radiation-induced fragments did not differ from the control values. The yield of exchanges in diploid and trisomic cells from patients with the mosaic form of Down's syndrome did not change significantly as the time of cultivation was raised. The origin of DNA repair defects leading to the increased chromosome radiosensitivity in Down's syndrome is discussed. PMID- 6229292 TI - [Role of dopamine receptors in the mechanism of formation of stress-induced stomach lesions]. AB - Experiments on rats with the use of different exposures to stress (generalized electrization and "social stress") have demonstrated that stimulation of dopamine receptors localized in the central nervous system is one of the reasons for stress-induced gastric lesions, particularly for massive hemorrhages. Stimulation of peripheral dopamine receptors seems to have a gastroprotective action. As judged from the intensity of the effects of the dopamine agonists, apomorphine and L-DOPA, on stress-induced lesions of the gastric mucosa, stimulation of D2- rather than of D1-dopamine receptors is of greater importance in stress. PMID- 6229293 TI - [Comparative study of conditions for demonstrating memory T-cell receptors and other T-lymphocyte subpopulations immune to antigens of the H-2 complex]. AB - The immunological memory T cells assayed by the cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) generation in the secondary mixed lymphocyte culture bear H-2 antigen-binding receptors as shown by the technique of the specific lymphocyte absorption on target cell (TC) monolayers of different H-2 origin. Memory T cells and specific suppressor T cells are demonstrated to be capable of adhering to native and fixed TC in a similar fashion, whereas CTL absorption appears to be two-fold reduced when the TC monolayer is fixed. The primary CTL precursors differ from memory T cells by a poor adherence to native TC which is not demonstrable at all when TC are fixed. The findings evidence the differences in receptor affinity (or structure) among the primary and secondary CTL precursors and the CTL themselves. PMID- 6229294 TI - [Reconstruction of hexosaminidase isoenzymes during hybridization of fibroblasts from Tay-Sachs and Sandhoff diseases]. AB - The method of hybridization was used to obtain homokaryons of normal fibroblasts, of fibroblasts from children with Tay-Sach's and Sandhoff's diseases (TSD and SD) and heterokaryons of fibroblasts from children with the same diseases. Hexosaminidase A was detected in heterokaryons of fibroblasts from children with TSD and SD by isoelectric focusing. The data pertaining to the heterogeneity of different forms of hexoaminidase are discussed as are the reconstructions of the isozymes depending on the time and index of hybridization. It is stressed that the method of genetic complementation may be used for confirming the diagnoses of TSD and SD and further study of their heterogeneity. PMID- 6229295 TI - [Circadian rhythms of androgen levels in the blood of male hamadryas baboons]. AB - Radioimmunoassay was used to investigate circadian rhythms of blood plasma testosterone, 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone, androstendione and dehydroepiandrosterone in intact animals and in those preadapted for experimental conditions. Blood plasma of monkey demonstrated monophasic circadian rhythms in the levels of androstendione, dehydroepiandrosterone and 5 alpha dihydrotestosterone, with the maximal values seen early in the morning and minimal values in the evening. Circadian rhythms of testosterone were opposite in character. The adaptation of monkeys for housing and experimental conditions was marked by an increase in testosterone and 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone levels in the blood as well as by an insignificant elevation of the levels of androgens of adrenal origin, leading to the changes in circadian rhythms of steroid hormones. PMID- 6229296 TI - Regulation of normal human blood neutrophilic, macrophagic, and eosinophilic committed stem cell proliferation by autologous blood T lymphocyte subsets. AB - The influence of T lymphocyte (T cell) subsets on the proliferation of the blood neutrophilic, macrophagic, and eosinophilic cluster and colony (aggregate) forming cells (CFC) was evaluated. The T cells and the CFC-enriched B-null cells (mononuclear cells depleted of monocytes and T cells) and null cells (B-null) cells depleted of B lymphocytes) were separated from the blood of normal individuals. The population enriched for OKT4 (T4 cells) monoclonal antibody binding T helper/inducer cells and for OKT8 (T8 cells) monoclonal antibody binding T suppressor/cytotoxic cells were separated from the T cells or mononuclear cells depleted of monocytes by negative enrichment using an immunoadherence "panning" method. These separated cell populations were cultured separately, and the B-null or null cells were cocultured with the T, T4, and T8 cells in agar medium in the presence and absence of an exogenous source of colony stimulating activity (CSA). The cultures were evaluated at day 14. The B-null and null cells, but not the T cells or subsets, contained CFC. The number of CFC proliferated from the B-null or null cells increased significantly (p less than 0.001) in cocultures with unseparated T and T8 cells in a dose-dependent manner. The T4 cells neither promoted nor inhibited the CFC growth. The T8 population was a better promoter (p less than 0.01) of CFC growth than the unseparated T cells. This suggests that the CFC promoting effect of the unseparated T cells is probably due to the influence of the T8 subset present within the T cells. The proportion of the neutrophilic, macrophagic, and eosinophilic CFC that proliferated in these cultures was comparable under the influence of the T and T8 cells. The results of these studies indicate that the T8 population, which is the suppressor in the classical immune system, promotes the growth of the blood CFC. We speculate that the T cells are involved in the regulation of granulopoiesis in vivo. PMID- 6229297 TI - Autoantibodies against the platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa complex in patients with chronic ITP. AB - Chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is caused by an antibody reactive with platelet-associated antigens. The present studies provide direct evidence that some patients with chronic ITP have autoantibodies against the platelet glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa complex. Microtiter wells, coated with a monoclonal antibody (2G12) specific for GPIIb/GPIIIa were reacted with GPIIb/GPIIIa contained in a platelet extract. Control wells containing the same antibody were reacted with a cell extract containing no GPIIb/GPIIIa. After washing, the wells were reacted with patient or control plasma, and IgG binding was detected using 125I-Fab2-anti-human IgG. Assay values were expressed as binding ratios (cpm GPIIb/GPIIIa wells/cpm control wells). Plasma from 5 of 56 patients with chronic ITP had ratios (1.36-3.14) greater than 3 standard deviations above the mean (+/- SD) of control plasmas--0.93 +/- 0.12. Elevated values were also noted in two patients with anti-P1A1 antibody (ratios greater than 30) and in one patient with Hodgkin's disease and an ITP-like syndrome (ratio 1.53). Normal values were noted in 34 patients with a variety of immune and nonimmune diseases. Plasma from two of the positive ITP patients was reacted with 125I-surface-labeled platelets and, after solubilization, the IgG and bound antigen were precipitated with Staph-A. Autoradiographs from SDS-PAGE electrophoresis of the Staph-A-bound proteins shows two radioactive bands consistent in size with GPIIb and GPIIIa. PMID- 6229298 TI - The molecular interaction between platelet and vascular wall. AB - Two different subendothelial macromolecules have been identified as being thrombogenic: collagen and the microfibrils associated with elastin. The interaction between platelets and collagen involves the binding of platelet membrane receptors by numerous sites repeatedly staggered along a collagen fiber: this explains why the preservation of ordered structures (quaternary and tertiary structures) is so important in the reactivity of collagen towards platelets. In the case of Type III collagen, a nonapeptide has been identified as possibly being part of these repetitive sites. The microfibrils have not yet been characterized, although the biochemical data presently available show that they are acidic glycoproteins resistant to collagenase. Microfibrils extracted from human placenta or bovine aorta induce the aggregation of platelets in a reaction which involves platelet glycoprotein Ib and FVIII/vWF. A general model proposed for explaining platelet adhesion to subendothelium suggests that two different mechanisms should be envisaged depending on the thrombogenic macromolecules (collagen, microfibrils) involved. PMID- 6229299 TI - Glycoprotein I identification during normal and pathological megakaryocytic maturation. AB - The expression of glycoprotein I (GP I) on normal and pathological megakaryocyte (MK) precursors has been investigated in vivo and in a cell culture system with mouse monoclonal antibody (AN51) using immunofluorescence, immunogold and immunoferritin with electron microscopy. Our results confirmed the observation of Rabellino et al. (1979, 1981), using polyclonal antibodies, that GP I was expressed throughout normal MK maturation. The present result differs from our previous work which failed to detect binding of AN51 on promegakaryoblasts (PMKB). Improvement of immunofluorescent techniques has permitted detection of weak fluorescent labeling on normal PMKB by day 6-7 of in vitro culture from normal CFU-MK. An increased number of labeled PMKB was observed in bone marrow from patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) as compared with normal bone marrow. In 20 selected cases of acute megakaryoblastic leukemia, AN51 labeled the PMKB but at a lower percentage than with J15 (monoclonal anti glycoprotein IIb/IIIa complex). The MK nature of the blasts was confirmed by the ultrastructural detection of platelet peroxidase (PPO) and by the binding of AN51 demonstrated with immunoferritin-conjugated anti-mouse IgG. The immunogold technique revealed that the density of gold particles on the cell membrane of PMKB was variable, but generally weaker than in platelets or pathological micromegakaryocytes. The specificity of AN51 for MK lineage was shown by the absence of binding of AN51, by all blasts from 60 cases of acute leukemia involving other cell lines. Because of its weak labeling of PMKB due to the small number of antigenic sites, AN51 must be associated with another megakaryocytic marker in the diagnostic assessment of acute megakaryoblastic leukemia. PMID- 6229300 TI - Platelet membrane glycoprotein I: structure and function. The domain of glycoprotein I involved in the von Willebrand receptor. AB - The basic structure of platelet membrane glycoprotein I (GPI) and its relation to glycocalicin are now well understood. Glycocalicin is a proteolytic fragment produced by the action of an endogenous Ca2+ activated protease. GPI consists of two glycopeptides, an alpha and a beta chain connected by a disulphide bridge. Glycocalicin is the major part of the GPI alpha chain and can be split by trypsin into a heavily glycosylated trypsin-resistant fragment and a peptide containing at least one intramolecular disulphide bridge and a thrombin binding site. Both the alpha and the beta chains of GPI show hydrophobic properties and are probably integral membrane proteins. The position of the von Willebrand factor binding site within the GPI molecule is still controversial but the bulk of the evidence points to it lying within the non-glycosylated part of the glycocalicin fragment. It is however evident that the GPI beta chain may influence the GPI alpha chain in maintaining the correct conformation of the binding site. The von Willebrand factor binding site and the thrombin binding site appear to be independent but may nevertheless influence one another. PMID- 6229301 TI - Molecular defects of platelets in Bernard-Soulier syndrome. AB - In 1969, it was shown that platelets of patients with Bernard-Soulier (B-S) syndrome exhibited an altered electrophoretic mobility arising from a surface membrane sialic acid deficiency. Subsequent studies showed that a major membrane glycoprotein, GP Ib, was either deleted, reduced in concentration, or structurally modified in B-S platelets. Controversy persists, however, as to the specificity of the defect in platelets of different patients, especially with regard to studies performed on patients in different laboratories. We have now studied platelets from six patients, and during these studies have analyzed the platelet proteins and glycoproteins by single and two-dimensional SDS-PAGE or by crossed immunoelectrophoresis. The surface proteins of the platelets of different patients have been radiolabelled with 3H or 125I. Our studies point to the deletion or severe reduction in concentration of GPIb alpha and Ib beta in the platelets of five patients, detectable but reduced levels of Ib were present in the platelets of the other patient. Studies using 3H-labelled glycoproteins suggest that mol.wt. 82,000 (GP V) and mol.wt. 17,000 glycoproteins are also missing or abnormal. The relationship between these additional defects and the major GP Ib lesion remains to be determined. It should be emphasized that these are membrane abnormalities, no alpha-granule or cyto-plasmic protein deficiencies have been located in B-S platelets. PMID- 6229302 TI - The domain of platelet glycoprotein I as recognized by various antibodies, both monoclonal and polyspecific. AB - Platelet membrane glycoprotein Ib plays a major role in the binding of factor VIII/von Willebrand factor to allow platelet adhesion to subendothelium. We have used polyspecific and monoclonal antibodies to glycoprotein Ib and have demonstrated that both antibodies were directed to glycoprotein Is, a soluble fragment of glycoprotein Ib. By showing an inhibition of the binding of factor VIII/von Willebrand factor to control platelets in presence of the antibodies, it can be concluded that glycoprotein Is is involved in these binding sites. PMID- 6229303 TI - The defective prothrombin consumption in Bernard-Soulier syndrome. Hypotheses from 1948 to 1982. AB - Bernard-Soulier syndrome (BSS) was described in 1948 as a constitutional platelet disorder characterized by giant sized platelets, a prolonged bleeding time, and a defect in prothrombin consumption. The accurate mechanisms of these abnormalities remain unexplained, especially the defect in prothrombin consumption on which we focus in this paper. Several hypotheses are proposed: firstly, a defective reaction between the platelet membrane, where the phospholipid composition is abnormal, and the proteins which initiate thromboplastin generation such as collagen, factor XI; secondly, an abnormal reaction between thrombin, whose synthesis is increased, and its receptor, possibly glycoprotein V, which is defective; lastly, as factor VIII/vW binding is diminished, an abnormal dissociation of the complex VIII/vW-VIIIc at the site of the platelet membrane, which leads to an inactivation of factor VIIIc. PMID- 6229304 TI - Potential problems with the transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous flap in breast reconstruction and how to avoid them. AB - The transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous flap offers a versatile and reliable technique of repair provided certain anatomical, physiological and surgical principles are closely followed. The operative technique and technical details are described and discussed. PMID- 6229305 TI - Classification of depression and response to antidepressive therapies. AB - Two hundred inpatients suffering from primary depressive illness were studied. Seventy eight of the patients were treated by electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) and 122 patients received antidepressant medication. Response to ECT and antidepressant medication at 4 weeks showed a curvilinear relationship to Newcastle scores. Patients with Newcastle scores in the middle range (4-8) showed significantly higher percentage improvement than those with low (0-3) and high (9 12) scores. Ninety five patients with unipolar depression who received lithium therapy for one year were also studied. Response to lithium showed a linear relationship to Newcastle scores in these patients. It is suggested that these differences in response to antidepressant therapies reflect the heterogeneity of depressive illness. PMID- 6229306 TI - Changing sociological and clinical patterns in mental handicap. The 1983 Blake Marsh lecture. AB - The historical development of official provision for the care and training of the mentally handicapped--both adults and children--is outlined, to show the changes between Local Authority and Government. Changes in emphasis between compulsory and voluntary admissions to institutions are discussed with particular reference to changes in the law and the administration of the services. Demographic changes due to longer survival, falling birth rate, and prevention, diagnosis and treatment of individual causes of mental handicap are discussed. Particular reference is made to Down's syndrome and to the fragile X syndrome. The need for psychiatrists in mental handicap is mentioned along with the benefit of early intervention. The numbers of the mentally handicapped needing specialist care and training are not diminishing, but the manner of provision is changing, and partly reverting to ways tried long ago. PMID- 6229307 TI - Back pain in Grand Prix drivers. PMID- 6229308 TI - The application of single photon emission computed tomography to the diagnosis of ankylosing spondylitis of the spine. AB - Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) has been used to examine the spine in a prospective long-term study with the aim of assessing the value of bone scintigraphy in the detection and diagnosis of ankylosing spondylitis (AS). Sites of increased uptake of 99Tcm-MDP were observed in three of the eleven patients examined so far. By carefully optimising the SPECT system (rotating gamma camera), as well as the examination procedure, with respect to high spatial resolution, it was possible to relate these sites precisely to anatomical sites in sectional images of the spine. The advantages of SPECT are demonstrated in all three cases in which the areas of increased uptake in sagittal and transverse sections can be related to specific anatomical sites of the spine characteristically affected by AS. The findings in each of these cases are quite distinct from those of a normal case and correlate with the radiographic appearances. It is concluded that SPECT will make it easier to observe, localise and evaluate regions of increased uptake in patients with AS compared with conventional scintigraphy. PMID- 6229310 TI - An unusual cluster of babies with Down's syndrome. PMID- 6229309 TI - Value of ultrasonic measurement of spinal canal diameter in general practice. AB - The diameter of the spinal canal was measured by ultrasonic scanning in 193 patients with back pain and 193 matched controls. The spinal canal was found to be significantly narrower in the patients compared with all 193 controls (p less than 0.01) and compared with 132 of the controls with no history of back pain (p less than 0.001), but measurement of canal size was found not to have any value in the prognosis or management of back pain in general practice. PMID- 6229311 TI - Role of radiation in aetiology of Down's syndrome. PMID- 6229312 TI - Huntington's chorea. PMID- 6229313 TI - Prognosis after myocardial infarction: results of 15 year follow up. AB - A total of 271 out of 757 patients who had suffered a myocardial infarction during 1966-7 were still alive after six years; these patients were subsequently followed up 15 years after the infarction. Two hundred and sixty eight (99%) of the patients alive at six years and 519 (95%) of the 549 originally discharged from hospital were traced. A coronary prognostic index, which had predicted survival both to three years and from three to six years after recovery from the infarct also predicted survival from six to 15 years after recovery. The major factor affecting survival to 15 years was age at the time of the original infarct. Among patients aged under 60 at the time of infarction women fared better than men (p = 0.027). Factors in the coronary prognostic index that were associated with impairment of left ventricular function at the time of infarction and that had predicted mortality to three years and from three to six years also predicted mortality from six to 15 years. These factors were cardiac enlargement, pulmonary venous congestion, and the presence of infarction before the index infarct. The dominant cause of death remained coronary heart disease and its complications. PMID- 6229314 TI - Effect of health visitors working with elderly patients in general practice: a randomised controlled trial. AB - Health visitors were employed specifically to care for two years for a random sample of patients in general practice who were aged over 70. Independent assessments made at the beginning and end of the study showed that the health visitor in an urban practice had some impact on her caseload of patients; she provided more services for them, their mortality was reduced, and their quality of life improved, though the last measure just failed to be statistically significant. The health visitor working in a rural practice had no such effect. PMID- 6229315 TI - ABC of sexually transmitted diseases. Genital skin and other conditions. PMID- 6229316 TI - Towards a medical eugenics? PMID- 6229318 TI - Expand your practice without print advertising. PMID- 6229317 TI - [Simulation of neuronal networks (SIRENE). II. Hypothesis for decoding the message of movement carried by spindle afferences IA and II by a mechanism of synaptic plasticity]. AB - The spindle message derived from passively stretched muscles during a movement, carries mixed information about the velocity and the position of the joint concerned. With the help of the program SIRENE, it is shown that a non specialized neuron can decode this message, and it is able especially to extract from the mixture the pure velocity component, and that under a weak assumption on synaptic plasticity. PMID- 6229319 TI - Cardiovascular effects of nondepolarizing relaxants employed for pretreatment prior to succinylcholine. AB - A pregnant woman with severe pre-eclampsia experienced a hypertensive crisis following a pretreatment dose (20 mg) of gallamine. That episode initiated a study to determine the cardiovascular effects of non-depolarizing muscle relaxants in 58 nonobese, ASA physical status I and II adults. Subjects were assigned randomly to one of five treatment groups as follows: gallamine (0.29 mg X kg-1), d-tubocurarine (0.04 mg X kg-1), metocurine (0.014 mg X kg-1), pancuronium (0.007 mg X kg-1), or normal saline (control). Baseline measurements of systolic, diastolic, mean arterial pressure, heart rate (HR) and rate pressure product (calculated RPP) were recorded at one-minute intervals while electrocardiogram, lead II, was recorded continuously. Statistically significant increases occurred in HR at minutes 2, 3 and 4; RPP at minutes 3 and 4; and per cent change in HR at minutes 2, 3 and 4 following gallamine pretreatment. The rise in RPP was predominantly due to the elevation in HR. These results suggest that even modest doses of gallamine should be avoided in clinical situations where lability of cardiovascular dynamics can be anticipated. PMID- 6229320 TI - Placental calcium and phosphorus transfer in the guinea pig: lack of effect of modulators of Ca-ATPase and alkaline phosphatase activity. AB - The effects of modulators of Ca-ATPase and alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity on placental calcium and phosphorus transfer were studied using the in situ perfused guinea pig placenta. The diuretics ethacrynic acid and furosemide had no significant effect on placental calcium and phosphorus transfer when injected into the mother (1.0 or 10.0 mg X kg-1) or added to the solution perfusing the fetal side of the placenta (0.25 or 2.0 mM). These two drugs have previously been shown to inhibit placental Ca-ATPase and enhance AP activity in vitro. D Penicillamine, which inhibits placental AP but not Ca-ATPase activity in vitro, also had no significant effect on net calcium and phosphorus transfer from mother to fetus either when given to the mother (50 mg X kg-1) or added to the placental perfusion solution (0.25 or 2.0 mM). These results suggest that placental transfer of calcium and phosphorus in the guinea pig may not be directly related to placental Ca-ATPase and AP activities. PMID- 6229321 TI - In the matter of Stephen Dawson. PMID- 6229322 TI - Characterization of two patients with lymphomas of large granular lymphocytes. AB - Two patients with non cutaneous well-differentiated lymphocytic lymphoma with leukemic spread are reported. The large majority of their peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) formed rosettes with sheep erythrocytes, had receptors for the Fc portion of IgG, and an enzymatic profile of relatively mature T-cells. These cells were morphologically characterized as large granular lymphocytes. Studies with monoclonal antibodies in one of the cases showed an OKT3+, OKT10-, OKT4-, OKT8-, HNK-1-, OKM1+ phenotype, whereas PBMC from the other case were OKT3+, OKT10-, OKT4-, OKT8+, HNK-1+, OKM1-. PBMC from the first patient were able to suppress in vitro B-cell differentiation and were capable of a strong antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) activity. Natural killer (NK) activity was reduced. Cells from the other patient who was hypogammaglobulinemic, exerted suppressor activity in immunoregulatory assays, and showed ADCC and NK activity. These data support the existence of LGL lymphomas consisting of the proliferation of mature appearing cells capable of functional activity. PMID- 6229323 TI - Additive hormonal therapy in women with advanced breast cancer. AB - A great deal of work has been done over the last decade in the assessment of additive hormonal treatment approaches in women with advanced breast cancer. This work has been prompted by a number of factors which include: (1) the introduction of new hormonal agents, (2) increased knowledge of the physiologic actions of several hormonal agents, (3) the development of hormonal receptor assays to better predict the probability of hormonal responsiveness in a given patient, and (4) the apparent plateau in efficacy of cytotoxic chemotherapeutic approaches. The hormonal agents that have been studied most extensively in the recent past include tamoxifen (an antiestrogen), aminoglutethimide (an aromatase inhibitor), and medroxyprogesterone acetate (a progestin). In postmenopausal women, several agents exist that appear about equal in efficacy; but, currently, tamoxifen appears to be preferred as the initial hormonal treatment, primarily because of its low incidence of side effects. Studies involving combination hormonal therapy have produced interesting results, but further work is needed to establish superiority over tamoxifen alone. In premenopausal women, tamoxifen does have antitumor activity in some patients but has not been established as a replacement for oophorectomy. Properly conducted comparative trials will remain essential for the determination of the proper place of newer hormonal therapy approaches in clinical practice. PMID- 6229324 TI - Technetium-99m-labeled macroaggregated albumin arteriography for detection of abnormally positioned arterial catheters during infusion chemotherapy. AB - The arterial catheter position of 500 courses of intra-arterial chemotherapy were monitored by intraarterially introduced Technetium-99m macroaggregated albumin (MAA) particles. Seventeen instances of abnormally positioned catheters (3.4%) were detected by MAA arterial perfusion (MAAAP). All these abnormally positioned catheters were subsequently repositioned resulting in improved tumor perfusion. Plain radiographs obtained in eight instances failed to reveal the abnormally positioned catheter in four, while all eight of these abnormally positioned catheters were detected by MAAAP. Abnormally positioned catheters detected by MAAAP were either immediately after arterial catheter placement (nine instances) or during the course of chemotherapy (eight instances). Of the right instances of displaced catheters during intra-arterial chemotherapy, six instances were accompanied by clinical signs and symptoms suggestive of displaced catheter. Arteriovenous shunting was documented in 5 of 12 hepatic MAAAP studies as evidenced by increased lung activity. When the catheters were displaced in these cases, the lung activity changed: completely disappearing in two instances; decreasing in two instances and remaining unchanged in one. PMID- 6229325 TI - Computerized bone scan. A potentially useful technique to measure response in prostatic carcinoma. AB - Computerized bone scanning (CBS), a technique used to measure quantitative changes in bone scans, is described. Ten patients with histologically proven metastatic carcinoma of the prostate had sequential CBS performed. Good correlation was found between marked improvement in CBS (more than 50% average decrease in counts) and objective responses. Two patients had partial remission with more than 50% average decrease in uptake by prostatic cancer project criteria; both of them had good pain control. Three patients had worsening of their disease by CBS, which correlated with other parameters of disease progression (new lesions in bone survey, loss of weight and poor survival). In those patients with less than 50% average change the correlation is not so clear cut. An increase in percentage of uptake occurs in the first month after beginning of therapy, and no significant change is observed until 3 months. CBS is a technique that allows for objective measurement of quantitative changes in bone uptake, which is potentially useful for the evaluation of response to treatment in patients with metastatic bone disease from carcinoma of the prostate. PMID- 6229326 TI - Regional chemotherapy of colorectal cancer metastatic to the liver. AB - Ninety-three patients with biopsy-proven colorectal cancer metastatic to the liver were treated with hepatic arterial infusion of 5-fluorodeoxyuridine (FUDR). There were 52 men and 41 women (median age, 60 years). Forty-two patients (45%) had failed prior systemic chemotherapy. Catheters were operatively placed and multiple catheters were used if dictated by hepatic arterial anatomy in order to obtain perfusion of the entire liver. The drug was delivered by a totally implanted INFUSAID model 400 pump and patients received cyclic therapy consisting of 2 weeks of 0.3 mg/kg/d FUDR alternating with 2 weeks of saline. Patients with extrahepatic tumor or patients whose hepatic tumor failed to respond to FUDR were given a 30 minute intraarterial infusion of mitomycin C, 15 mg/m2, every 6 to 8 weeks in addition to FUDR. Fifty of the 93 evaluable patients presented with metastatic tumor confined to the liver. Of these 50 patients, 83% demonstrated a significant reduction in tumor size with a median duration of response of 13 months and a median survival of 25 months from diagnosis of liver metastases. Twenty-four of these 50 patients remain alive. Forty-three patients presented with extrahepatic metastases in addition to their liver tumor, and 74% had a response with a median duration of 6 months and a median survival of 14 months. Only six patients of those presenting with extrahepatic tumor remain alive. None of the 93 patients died solely of uncontrolled liver tumor, and only 9 died as a result of uncontrolled liver metastases and disseminated extrahepatic tumor. The duration of survival for both groups was determined by the uncontrolled progression of extrahepatic tumor. In patients with metastatic colorectal cancer involving only the liver, hepatic arterial FUDR alone and with the addition of mitomycin C provided excellent control of hepatic tumor. Survival appeared to be prolonged in this uncontrolled study. PMID- 6229327 TI - An HLA-DR negative acute leukaemia which stimulates MLC and CMC responses. AB - We describe an acute myelomonocytic leukaemia (E72) devoid of cell-surface HLA-DR antigens, but capable of inducing cellular responses. Leukaemia E72 induced proliferation of normal lymphocytes in primary mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC), which was only weakly inhibited by anti-DR sera. Depletion of a small percentage (congruent to 4%) of DR+ cells on a cell-sorter failed to abrogate the capacity of E72 to stimulate MLC and cell-mediated cytotoxicity (CMC) responses. We found that normal lymphocytes primed with E72 responded in secondary MLC to lymphocytes and leukaemias, suggesting that the lymphocyte-activating determinant (LAD) on E72 is not leukaemia-specific. In addition, E72 induced CMC responses to both leukaemias and lymphocytes. We suggest that E72 may express a novel HLA or non HLA LAD. PMID- 6229328 TI - Tumor-localizing and photosensitizing properties of the main components of hematoporphyrin derivative. AB - Both 3H-labeled and unlabeled hematoporphyrin derivative (HPD) were analyzed by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gel permeation chromatography. Four main components were isolated by HPLC, and two were isolated by gel permeation chromatography. The tumor-localizing ability of each component was tested and compared to that of 67Ga and 3H2O by injection in mice bearing Lewis lung carcinoma. The photosensitizing abilities of the HPLC-separated components in vitro were also tested. Finally, porphyrin extracts of tumors from mice given HPD were analyzed by HPLC. The tumor-localizing ability of the components increased with decreasing polarity. While crude HPD localized in tumor tissue only to the same extent as did 3H2O, Component 7 was almost as effective as was 67Ga in localizing in the tumor. The cellular uptake of HPD components increased with decreasing polarity. In accordance with this, the low-polarity components were the most effective photosensitizers. PMID- 6229329 TI - DNA damage and repair in the bone marrow of rats treated with four chloroethylnitrosoureas. AB - DNA is considered to be an important target for the antitumor and toxic properties of the chloroethylnitrosoureas. Since the main target for their dose limiting toxicity and the antileukemic efficacy is believed to be the bone marrow, we have compared the formation and subsequent removal of DNA-DNA interstrand cross-links in the bone marrow of rats which had received a single i.p. injection (100 mumol/kg) of four chloroethylnitrosoureas. The kinetics of cross-link removal was identical for chlorozotocin, which is known to have low chemical carbamoylating activity, to that of 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1 nitrosourea, a drug with a relatively high carbamoylating capacity. The differential bone marrow toxicity exhibited by these two agents could not, therefore, be explained by a carbamoylation-mediated difference in the rate and extent of DNA-DNA interstrand cross-link removal. The peak level and overall magnitude of cross-links were, however, found to vary considerably with the chemical structure of the analogues. Both 1-(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitroso-3 (methylene-carboxamido)urea and 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-3-(2-chloroethyl)-3 nitrosourea, were much more effective in inducing interstrand cross-links than 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea or chlorozotocin. This differential cross linking did not, however, parallel the single-dose acute toxicity of these agents but reflected to a greater extent differences in their antileukemic activity. Considering the widely differing biological properties of this class of compounds, the measurement of DNA-DNA interstrand cross-linking in vivo might prove relevant in the evaluation of novel nitrosoureas. PMID- 6229330 TI - Impairment of concanavalin A-inducible suppressor activity following administration of cyclophosphamide to patients with advanced cancer. AB - We have shown that cyclophosphamide (CY) can augment the development of delayed type hypersensitivity to a primary antigen in patients with advanced cancer. In the present study, we administered CY (1000 mg/sq m) to 19 patients with advanced, metastatic cancer and monitored the compositional and functional changes in their peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Within 2 days of administration of CY, the lymphocyte count fell significantly (mean decrease = 26.0%) and remained significantly depressed through Day 14 with recovery beginning by Day 21. T- and B-lymphocytes were depleted to about the same degree at each time point. Moreover, there was no selective depletion of the Leu 2(+) (suppressor-cytotoxic) or Leu 3(+) (helper-inducer) subsets of T-lymphocytes. Proliferative responses to mitogens (phytohemagglutinin, concanavalin A, pokeweed mitogen) and to allogeneic cells fell significantly within 1 day of administration of CY and continued to be diminished on Day 2. However, these responses recovered to pretreatment levels by Day 3, and, in some cases, exceeded pretreatment levels on Day 7. Concanavalin A-inducible suppressor activity was also diminished on Day 1 (mean decrease, 23.4%) and Day 2 (mean decrease, 39.2%). However, in contrast to the proliferative responses, suppressor activity continued to be significantly impaired on Day 3 (mean decrease, 31.6%) and only partially recovered by Day 7 (mean decrease, 22.1%). Both concanavalin A inducible suppression and proliferative responses declined again on Days 14 and 21. Thus, between 3 and 7 days after administration of CY, there appeared to be impairment of nonspecific T-cell-mediated suppressor activity of peripheral blood lymphocytes that was not merely a reflection of impaired lymphocyte function in general. This could account for the augmented delayed-type hypersensitivity responses of CY-treated patients. PMID- 6229331 TI - Equipment choices, technical aspects and pitfalls of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty. AB - Previously published papers on percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) have emphasized results rather than techniques. This review deals with equipment choices, technical aspects and pitfalls observed during the first 200 PTAs at the Brigham and Women's Hospital. Specific topics discussed include: (1) catheters kept in stock in the laboratory, (2) choice of approach and entry into the artery, (3) techniques for crossing stenoses, (4) dilatation of the lesion, (5) drugs used during the procedure, and (6) proper performance and interpretation of the postangioplasty arteriogram. PMID- 6229332 TI - Potential mechanisms of angioplasty. AB - There are at least five potential mechanisms for enlarging the arterial lumen using the technique of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty. Each of these mechanisms is reviewed along with evidence from clinical or experimental angioplasty supporting or refuting an actual role for that mechanism in mechanical dilation of diseased vessels. Although plaque compaction is not plausible, each of the other four responses--redistributive modeling of plaque, embolization of plaque components, plastic stretching of the arterial wall, and phagocytic removal of plaque during healing after angioplasty--has been confirmed in at least some circumstances. Since the lesions probably differ in their biomechanical properties, we conclude that it is unlikely that a single mechanism will explain all of the successful dilations. PMID- 6229333 TI - Angioplasty with streptokinase infusion of a totally occluded Dacron femoropopliteal graft. AB - Total occlusion of a right femoropopliteal reinforced Dacron bypass graft in a 75 year-old man was manifested by at rest right calf and foot pain. The patient was treated using a combination of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) with streptokinase infusion. The graft was reopened and dilated successfully, resulting in total abatement of the patient's symptoms. Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty may be an important alternative in treatment of patients with occluded bypass grafts. PMID- 6229334 TI - [Experience with percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of renal arteries (PTRA)]. PMID- 6229336 TI - Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty in multivessel disease. PMID- 6229335 TI - Spectrin and ankyrin in brain. AB - Further similarity between mammalian erythrocyte spectrin and pig brain spectrin has been demonstrated by (a) formation of hybrid molecules with brain alpha chains and erythrocyte beta-chains and by (b) identification of an ankyrin protein in brain membranes. Hybrid spectrin molecules prepared from brain alpha chains and erythrocyte beta-chains were visualized by low-angle rotary shadowing as double-stranded rods (dimers) 100 nM in length. 125I-labeled brain alpha-chain that was hybridized with erythrocyte beta-subunit acquired ability to bind to ankyrin sites on erythrocyte membranes. 125I-labeled brain alpha-chain bound only to beta-subunits of erythrocyte and brain spectrin following transfer of these polypeptides to nitrocellulose paper from sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) gels. Thus brain spectrin and mammalian erythrocyte spectrin have shared functional sites involved in association of their subunits. Additional evidence for similarity of brain and erythrocyte membranes is the finding of a 210,000 Mr membrane protein in brain that cross-reacts with erythrocyte ankyrin and has a water-soluble domain of 72,000 Mr that is produced by protease digestion. The 72,000 Mr domain of brain ankyrin has been isolated by affinity chromatography on erythrocyte spectrin-Sepharose, and was demonstrated to bind directly to erythrocyte and brain spectrin. The brain 72,000 Mr fragment has distinct peptide maps from the erythrocyte 72,000 Mr ankyrin fragment and thus is not a result of erythrocyte contamination. PMID- 6229337 TI - Transluminal coronary angioplasty: comparison of brachial and femoral artery methods. AB - The brachial and femoral artery methods for (percutaneous) transluminal coronary angioplasty are compared. We attempted 901 angioplasties with 539 (59.8%) via the brachial and 362 (40.2%) via the femoral artery. The stenosis was crossed in 670 attempts (74%); in 410 (76%) via the brachial, and in 260 (72%) via the femoral artery. Successful angioplasty was achieved in 607 attempts (67%): in 370 (69%) via the brachial, and in 237 (65%) via the femoral artery. There was no difference between the techniques in crossing the stenosis or achieving a primary success. The left anterior descending artery stenosis was statistically more likely to be crossed than a stenosis in the right (p less than 0.001), circumflex (p less than 0.05), left main coronary artery (p less than 0.05), or saphenous vein graft (p less than 0.05); the left anterior descending artery stenosis was more likely (p less than 0.05) to be successfully dilated if the lesion were crossed (410 of 445 cases, 92%) than a right coronary stenosis (117 of 136 cases, 80%). The brachial and femoral artery methods are comparable techniques. Interventional angiographers performing coronary angioplasty should utilize the angiographic approach with which they are most familiar. PMID- 6229338 TI - Coronary angioplasty: causes of failure and primary success. PMID- 6229340 TI - Feedback suppression of the immune response in vivo. III. Lyt-1+ B cells are suppressor-inducer cells. AB - We previously demonstrated that injection of a high dose (4 X 10(9] of sheep erythrocytes (SRBC) into C57BL/6 mice results in the generation of splenic B cells (plastic nonadherent, Thy-1- and Ig+) which, when transferred to normal syngeneic recipients, subsequently induce antigen-specific suppressor T cells to suppress the recipient's plaque-forming cell (PFC) responses to SRBC. In the present study we characterized the suppressor-inducer B cells phenotypically. Cytotoxic treatment of the donor's immune spleen cells with anti-Lyt-1 antibody plus complement (C'), but not with anti-Lyt-2 antibody plus C', relieved the suppression of PFC responses in recipients. The FcRr+ population separated by EA rosette formation showed enriched suppressor-inducing activity, whereas the FcRr- population showed no activity. Our findings, taken together with the previous ones, suggest that suppressor-inducer cells are Thy-1-, Lyt-1+, Lyt-2-, FcRr+, and Ig+. PMID- 6229339 TI - Analysis of the methylation-regulated Mu mom transcript. AB - The Mu mom gene is transcribed only when DNA is methylated by Dam; this methylation dependence is determined by a region upstream of the gene containing three Dam-methylation sites. The mom operon contains two open reading frames, one of which codes for Mom. Experiments were done to find a function for the other reading frame; it is shown that it does not affect phage immunity or the regulation of mom expression. Deletion mapping and S1 nuclease mapping experiments identify the +1 of the mom mRNA: it is 45 bp downstream of the three Dam-methylation sites. Possible models for the short-distance transcription regulation by methylation are discussed. The mom promoter is surrounded by sequences that are shown to be homologous to the oriC region of E. coli. This suggests a relation between replication and methylation-dependent mom expression. It is shown however, that replication is not essential for mom expression. PMID- 6229341 TI - alpha-Fucose inhibits human mixed-lymphocyte culture reactions and subsequent suppressor cell generation. AB - Carbohydrate moieties serve as important sites of interaction for many lymphocyte activities. The potential role of saccharides in the cellular interactions involved in mitogen-, antigen-, and alloantigen-induced proliferation was investigated. Eight different monosaccharides were tested for their inhibitory potential when added to uni- and bidirectional mixed-lymphocyte culture (MLC) reaction as well as to mitogen (Con A, PHA, PWM)-stimulated cultures. Only alpha L-fucose blocked the MLC reaction in a dose-dependent fashion while having no effect on mitogen stimulation, although antigen-specific stimulation was also blocked by fucose. Similarly alpha-L-fucose specifically inhibited the MLC induced generation of suppressor cells. Pretreatment of the MLC responder cells with fucose dehydrogenase abolished the MLC reaction while stimulator cell pretreatment had no effect, suggesting that the recognition site of the former contained alpha-L-fucose. The generation and the effector phase of Con A-induced suppressor cells was not affected by fucose, indicating that different receptors are involved in the latter. Apparent competitive inhibition by exogenous fucose of the cell-cell interaction required for the MLC reaction suggested that this monosaccharide is an essential constituent of allogeneic recognition sites. PMID- 6229342 TI - Role of HLA-DR bearing Langerhans and epidermal indeterminate cells in the in vitro generation of alloreactive cytotoxic T cells in man. AB - Human epidermal cells (EC) act as stimulator cells in the mixed-skin cell lymphocyte culture reaction (MSLR). To analyze the role of human epidermal Langerhans cells (LC) and indeterminate cells (IC), which are the only cells expressing the DR-Ia-like antigens in normal epidermis, in the generation of alloreactive cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) in cell-mediated cytolysis, 18-hr 51Cr release assays against PBL targets (targets autologous to stimulator EC) were conducted after allogeneic human MSLR. MSLR and CTL assays were conducted with, as stimulator cells, suspensions of normal human EC as controls, and EC after: (1) preincubation with anti-HLA-DR or OKT6 (specific for LC in EC suspension) monoclonal antibodies; (2) panning, a monolayer technique used to deplete EC suspensions in OKT6 or DR-positive cells. The generation of alloreactive CTL was found to occur only after allogeneic MSLR and when targets and stimulator cells were from the same donor; it was reduced by EC incubation: cytotoxic activity 26.66 +/- 3.84 (controls); 8.8 +/- 3.6 and 7.7 +/- 3.7 (EC incubated with OKT6 or anti-DR, respectively); it was reduced or abolished when the EC used in MSLR were depleted in OKT6 or DR-positive cells by panning. These findings demonstrate that human LC and IC are necessary for an optimal in vitro sensitization in MSLR and the subsequent in vitro generation of alloreactive CTL in man. PMID- 6229343 TI - T-cell-dependent hybrid resistance against a natural killer-resistant Moloney virus-induced lymphoma (YWA): in vitro generation of cytotoxic lymphocytes. AB - A Moloney leukemia virus-induced lymphoma of the A.SW strain, YWA, was used to generate cytotoxic cells in vitro. Cocultivation of spleen cells from in vivo primed syngeneic and semisyngeneic mice with X-irradiated YWA tumor cells for 5 days resulted in a strong killing activity against YWA. The cytotoxicity was H-2 restricted and mediated by Thy-1.2-positive lymphocytes. F1 hybrids with variable degrees of natural resistance to the YWA tumor in vivo all generated cytotoxic cells after secondary stimulation in vitro but showed differences in optimal responder:stimulator requirements. PMID- 6229344 TI - Immunological characterization of FcR gamma bearing and nonbearing B cells: functional modulation of immune complexes. AB - By the 1g sedimentation method using discontinuous gradients of Ficoll solution (concentrations of 6 to 14%), keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH)-primed spleen cells of C3H/He or DBA/2 mice were fractionated into 4 to 10 populations after IgG antibody-coated erythrocytes (EA gamma) rosetting and then treatment with anti Thy-1.2 + complement (C). No significant difference was observed in the distribution of isotype specificities of surface immunoglobulins on B cells in each population thus fractionated, when determined by indirect immunofluorescence staining. The mixture of the 12 and 14% Ficoll fractions contained 95% of B cells bearing Fc receptor for IgG (FcR+ gamma) and 3.58% of antigen-binding cells (ABC) for KLH, while the 8% Ficoll fraction included 15% of FcR+ gamma B cells and 1.53% of ABC. Nevertheless, the FcR- gamma B-cell-enriched populations caused intensive plaque-forming cell (PFC) responses to dinitrophenol (DNP), whereas FcR+ gamma B-cell-enriched populations generated weak responses. Noteworthy is that 4 days preculture of a population containing 95% FcR+ gamma B cells resulted in the appearance of precursor activity which was ascertained by a further 4 days culture of these cells with antigen, DNP-dextran. These findings suggest that FcR gamma bearing B cells intrinsically possess precursor activity for IgM/IgG antibody-forming cells, but lose it transiently by binding immune complexes (IC). Moreover, the titer of a factor suppressing anti-DNP PFC responses (suppressive B cell factor, SBF) was higher in the 24-hr culture supernatants of the FcR+ gamma B-cell-enriched fraction than of the FcR- gamma B-cell-enriched fraction, suggesting that SBF is produced by FcR+ gamma B cells themselves. Thus, IC seems to play an important role for the negative feedback regulation of antibody production by stimulating FcR gamma bearing B cells. PMID- 6229345 TI - Immunosuppressive properties of murine trophoblast. AB - The modification of the immunological response by murine trophoblast cells of different sources was investigated using the mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) and the cell mediated lympholysis (CML) test. MLR between C57BL (H-2b) stimulator splenocytes (mitomycin C treated in the unidirectional MLR) and BALB/c (H-2d) responder lymph node cells were markedly suppressed by trophoblast of ectoplacental cone (EPC) and placental origin. The same in vitro effect was observed with supernatants (SN) of trophoblast cells and with supernatants of blastocysts. Addition of anti-progesterone serum (APS), anti-testosterone serum (RAT), and anti-immunoglobulin serum (RAHIg) in serial dilutions to the trophoblast-MLR system revealed that the immunosuppressive effect of trophoblast giant cells and trophoblast giant cell culture supernatants can be abolished with APS. Identical results were obtained with APS added to immunosuppressive doses of progesterone. CML between C57BL responder lymph node cells and mitomycin C treated BALB/c stimulator spleen cells was also markedly suppressed when trophoblast of EPC origin was added. A similar suppression of cytotoxic T-cell induction was seen when progesterone was added to the system. The immunosuppressive action of trophoblast as detected in vitro is likely to play an important role in the maintainance of pregnancy by protecting the semiallogeneic conceptus against immune aggression by the maternal immune system. PMID- 6229346 TI - Transport of mercury compounds across bimolecular lipid membranes: effect of lipid composition, pH and chloride concentration. AB - The use of bimolecular lipid membranes (BLM) as model membrane allows the analysis of the transport of mercury compounds across the lipidic barriers of biological membranes. The results of flux measurements show that two mercury compounds--HgCl2 and CH3HgCl--cross the BLM but the overall permeabilities are dependent on the pH of the aqueous media, and are not apparently influenced by the different phospholipid constituents of the bilayers. On the other hand, electrical measurements show that, function of the chemical speciation, the transport of this metal is done essentially in the neutral form. PMID- 6229347 TI - [Endocrinologic and immunologic function in uremic patients with asthenia of the kidney]. PMID- 6229348 TI - [Traditional Chinese medicine treatment of complications of hemodialysis in uremic patients]. PMID- 6229349 TI - [Treatment of hydronephrosis caused by ureteric stone obstruction with activating blood circulation and removing stasis method]. PMID- 6229350 TI - [Clinical observation on 32 cases of acute nephritis treated with activating blood circulation and removing stasis method]. PMID- 6229351 TI - [Treatment of nephritis with "yu pin feng san" and vitamin E]. PMID- 6229352 TI - [Treatment of primary glomerular kidney diseases with cyclophosphamide combined with traditional Chinese medicine--report of 23 cases]. PMID- 6229353 TI - [Treatment of primary hypothyroidism with traditional Chinese medicine and its mechanism of action]. PMID- 6229354 TI - [Clinical observation on the treatment of Behcet's disease with Triptergium wilfordii]. PMID- 6229355 TI - [Therapeutic effect of total glycoside of Triptergium wilfordii on Behcet's disease]. PMID- 6229356 TI - [The relationship between gastric cold, hot symptom and intragastric temperature]. PMID- 6229357 TI - [Action of "nourishing shen yin" and "warming shen yang" drugs on hypothalamo pituitary-adrenal axis-inhibited model in rats---an ultrastructural observation of fasciculata zone of adrenal cortex]. PMID- 6229358 TI - [Effect of ligustrazine and activating blood circulation injection on experimental glomerulonephritis in rabbits]. PMID- 6229359 TI - [An experimental pathologic study on acute Triptergium wilfordii poisoning in rats]. PMID- 6229360 TI - [Treatment and prevention of Triptergium wilfordii poisoning]. PMID- 6229361 TI - [Evaluation of the efficacy of stone expulsion therapy in cholelithiasis with combined Chinese and western medicine]. PMID- 6229362 TI - [A trial discussion on the bidirectional regulating mechanism of disease and symptom-complex in traditional Chinese medicine]. PMID- 6229363 TI - [A preliminary discussion on the role of inducing interferon in traditional Chinese drugs]. PMID- 6229364 TI - [Survey on the history of merging of traditional Chinese medicine with western medicine]. PMID- 6229366 TI - Percutaneous transluminal balloon valvuloplasty for pulmonary valve stenosis. AB - Transluminal balloon valvuloplasty was used to treat congenital pulmonary valve stenosis in 20 patients. Follow-up cardiac catheterization was performed in 11 patients at intervals of from 2 to 12 months after the procedure. Peak systolic pressure gradient across the pulmonic valve decreased from 68 +/- 27 to 23 +/- 5 mm Hg (p less than .001) after valvuloplasty. There were no complications. Follow up catheterization demonstrated persistent relief of right ventricular hypertension in the patients with typical pulmonary valve stenosis. PMID- 6229365 TI - The effects of gonadectomy on left ventricular function and cardiac contractile proteins in male and female rats. AB - To examine the influence of the sex hormones on mechanical properties and biochemistry of the adult heart, we studied left ventricular function and cardiac contractile proteins in hearts from 20-week-old male and female rats that had been gonadectomized at 18 days of age, compared with hearts from sham-operated animals. Testosterone and estradiol were not detectable in serum from male and female gonadectomized rats, respectively. The male rats had lower body and heart weights than male sham operated rats, whereas these values were higher in female gonadectomized than in female sham-operated rats. Left ventricular function was studied in a working heart apparatus at similar heart rate and at controlled levels of aortic diastolic pressure and left atrial pressure. At moderate left atrial pressure, end-diastolic pressure and volume per gram dry left ventricle were the same in all groups, but at high left atrial pressure, end-diastolic pressure, and volume per gram dry left ventricle were lower in male and female gonadectomized than in the respective sham-operated rats. Further increases in left atrial pressure were associated with mechanical alternans in male and female gonadectomized rats. Significantly (P less than 0.05) lower values for cardiac output, peak systolic pressure, ejection fraction, and myocardial oxygen consumption occurred in male gonadectomized compared with sham-operated rats at moderate and high left atrial pressure at higher levels of aortic diastolic pressure. Decreases in these values for female gonadectomized compared with sham operated rats occurred only at high left atrial pressure. A significant downward shift in the mean force-velocity relationship was observed in all gonadectomized rats at both moderate and high left atrial pressure. In a follow-up study, when end-diastolic pressure was kept the same at both moderate and high left atrial pressure in female sham-operated and gonadectomized rats by reducing heart rate, decreases in contractile function in gonadectomized rats were observed at all preloads. Ca++-myosin ATPase activity was significantly reduced by 34% in male and by 19% in female gonadectomized rats when compared to respective sham operated control hearts. These alterations in myosin ATPase activity were associated with a reduction in the V1 myosin isoenzyme and an increase in the V3 isoenzyme. Thus, left ventricular filling and left ventricular function were impaired in hearts of gonadectomized rats. Alterations in function were associated with depressed cardiac myosin ATPase activity in male and female gonadectomized rats.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6229367 TI - Total fasting serum bile acids and beta-hexosaminidase in alcoholic liver disease. AB - Total serum bile acid levels and beta-hexosaminidase activity were studied in 22 normal subjects, 35 non-cirrhotic patients with acute alcohol intoxication, 45 patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis and 11 patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis and surgical portal-systemic shunts. Comparison was made with traditional liver function tests. beta-Hexosaminidase was most frequently elevated in acute alcohol intoxication (94%) while total serum bile acids were elevated in all patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis. Total serum bile acid levels were found to discriminate most efficiently between acute alcohol intoxication and liver cirrhosis. The combined determination of serum beta hexosaminidase and total serum bile acids is proposed for evaluating alcoholic liver disease. PMID- 6229368 TI - Androgen status in women with late onset or persistent acne vulgaris. PMID- 6229369 TI - Psoriasiform reaction to atenolol. PMID- 6229370 TI - A cutaneous complication of Dorbanex therapy. PMID- 6229371 TI - Defective monocyte production of, and T lymphocyte response to, interleukin-1 in the peripheral blood of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - Interleukin-1 (IL-1) is a monocyte product with diverse amplifying effects on immune cell reactions. We have studied 16 untreated SLE patients to determine the production of IL-1 by their monocytes under the stimulus of E. Coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) and measured by the capacity of their supernatants to augment normal autologous mixed lymphocyte cultures (AMLR) or to replace accessory cells in Con A-induced proliferation of T lymphocytes. Concurrently, we studied the response of T lymphocytes from these same patients to IL-1 by its capacity to increase the percentage of stable E rosette forming cells and by the enhancement of T cell proliferation in AMLR. Monocytes from SLE patients produced significantly less IL-1 activity than those of age matched controls, regardless of the stimulus (LPS or PMA), as well as of the indicator system. All patients with active disease and seven of the 10 patients with inactive disease had decreased production of IL-1 activity as determined by at least one method. Response of T lymphocytes from SLE patients to IL-1 produced by normal monocytes was also found decreased as compared to normals. This defect was more marked in the T cells from patients with active than in those of patients with inactive disease. These findings indicate that the immunoregulatory disturbance that SLE patients have encompasses monocytes as well as T and B lymphocytes and suggest that the defect is either multicentric or originates in the stem cell. PMID- 6229372 TI - Granulocyte Fc-IgG and C3b receptor expression in the primary myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS): relationship with dysgranulopoiesis and evidence for heterogeneity of morphological subgroups. AB - The expression of Fc-IgG and C3b membrane receptors by granulocytes and their precursors was examined in 78 patients with primary myeloid dysplasia (MDS). The marrows were categorized into five morphological groups, broadly corresponding to those described by the FAB group, and further graded into mild and severe according to the severity of dysgranulopoiesis. Fractionated bone marrow and peripheral blood granulocyte receptors were assessed by rosette formation with optimally sensitized ox erythrocytes and the results compared with those found in 17 normal marrows and with those previously reported in megaloblastic anaemia. Fc IgG and C3b receptor expression was generally increased in maturing granulocytes in all MDS diagnostic groups but premature expression was particularly marked in chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia and refractory cytopenia. Receptor patterns showed a better correlation with the severity of dysgranulopoiesis than with the morphological types. It is suggested that, as in megaloblastic anaemia, changes in membrane receptor expression reflect nuclear-cytoplasmic asynchrony. The results further indicate considerable immunological heterogeneity of granulocytes within individual MDS categories. PMID- 6229373 TI - In vitro stimulation of IgE production at a single precursor level by human alloreactive T helper clones. AB - Human alloreactive proliferating T cell clones were isolated by a combination of allogeneic stimulation and interleukin 2-dependent growth. When cultured with B cells and macrophages bearing the appropriate alloantigens, the helper clones induced the production of high levels of IgE, while in the absence of the appropriate stimulation B cells produced undetectable IgE levels. Allogeneic peripheral blood T cells did not provide any help, but rather suppressed the IgE production induced by the alloreactive clones. The development of culture conditions where the help provided by specific T cell clones is non-limiting and suppressor-cytotoxic T cells are absent allowed the set up of limiting dilution experiments to determine the frequency of the B cells activated to high rate IgE production. One in 2,200-6,000 B cells in the peripheral blood of normal donors was activated to produce measurable amounts of IgE. This experimental system will allow the clonal analysis of the IgE antibody repertoire, in different physiological and pathological conditions. PMID- 6229375 TI - Adoptive transfer of suppression of experimental allergic orchitis with lymphoid cells from antigen-pretreated guinea pigs. AB - The injection of lymph node cells or spleen cells, obtained from strain 13 guinea pigs rendered unresponsive to experimental allergic orchitis (EAO) by pretreatment with testicular antigen (TA) in incomplete Freund's adjuvant, into normal syngeneic recipients markedly prevented the development of EAO, especially of the interstitial inflammatory cell response, which was expected to occur 2 weeks following orchitogenic challenge with TA in complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA). The suppressive effect of thymus cells from the same donors was much less prominent. The inhibition of EAO by suppressor cells was specific for the relevant antigen TA. In such EAO-suppressed animals delayed skin reaction to TA was suppressed, whereas antisperm antibody formation was not impaired. The active suppressor cells residing in the lymph nodes had characteristics of T lymphocytes, in that they did not adhere to the plastic dish surface and nylon wool and in that they formed rosettes with rabbit erythrocytes. B lymphocytes from the same animals did not have detectable suppressive properties. Lymph node cells from protected donors that had been treated with a single dose of cyclophosphamide (CY) 3 days before cell transfer were unable to transfer unresponsiveness to EAO. The results suggest that the immune prevention against EAO is explainable at least in part by the generation of CY-sensitive suppressor T lymphocytes with the capacity of inhibiting development of effector T cells after antigenic stimulation and that suppressor cells that mediated unresponsiveness to EAO may also regulate the cellular hypersensitivity to TA. PMID- 6229374 TI - Neutral proteinases induce rheumatoid factor production in mouse spleen cell cultures. AB - Mouse spleen cells were cultured for 4 days in RPMI 1640 medium with 5% fetal calf serum. The neutral proteinases trypsin and plasmin, and bacterial lipopolysaccharide LPS, all polyclonal B lymphocyte activators, stimulated the development of immunoglobulin producing cells as detected by the protein A plaque assay. At the same time, direct plaque forming cells reacting with mouse, human and rabbit IgG and the Fc fragment of human IgG were induced by the stimulants. The plaques could be inhibited by free IgG or Fc fragment. In the culture supernatants, IgM and IgM anti-IgG antibodies were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assays. Both general IgM and IgM anti-IgG antibodies increased under the influence of the proteinases and of LPS. The results are discussed in relation to rheumatoid factor production during inflammatory diseases. PMID- 6229376 TI - Distinctive immunological properties of cultured murine thymic epithelial cells. AB - Skin painting with chemically reactive haptens induces a hapten-specific state of hypersensitivity that is long lasting and can be transferred to unirradiated recipient mice. A similar state of hapten-specific contact sensitivity can be induced by intravenous immunization with hapten-conjugated cells. Thus far, only two cell types have been described that can perform this function: Langerhans cells of the skin, and splenic dendritic cells. All other types, coupled with hapten, induce either tolerance or a short-lived state of contact hypersensitivity that is readily suppressed, and cannot be transferred to normal recipients. In the present experiments, it was demonstrated that culture enriched, hapten-coupled thymic epithelial cells can also induce a state of stable contact hypersensitivity identical to that induced by skin painting. This provides evidence that thymic epithelial cells have distinctive properties as antigen-presenting cells in vivo. The relationship of this finding to the postulated role of thymic epithelium in T-cell development is discussed. PMID- 6229377 TI - Dissociation of helper/inducer T-cell functions: immunodeficiency associated with mycobacterial histiocytosis. AB - Mycobacterial histiocytosis is a generally fatal disease characterized by abundant amounts of undigested atypical mycobacteria present within tissue macrophages that diffusely infiltrate the affected lymph nodes. The immune functions of a 22-year-old man with infection due to Mycobacterium avium were investigated. Although the patient had a marked increase in serum immunoglobulin levels and detectable antibodies toward mycobacterial antigens, he had no cellular response to these antigens both in vivo and in vitro. There was an elevated proportion of blood cells with the helper/inducer (T4+) phenotype, but these cells showed a markedly decreased response to several T-cell mitogens, as well as to autologous and allogeneic cells. The patient's lymphocytes produced diminished amounts of immune interferon, and there was no detectable interleukin 2 (IL-2) activity after stimulation with phytohemagglutinin (PHA). The proliferative response of T4+ cells to pokeweed mitogen (PWM), however, was normal; 47% of these cells bore the Tac antigen, and the production of IL-2 using PWM was within the normal range. No phenotypical or functional abnormalities were found in peripheral blood monocytes. These findings suggest a dissociation of helper/inducer T-cell functions with intact B-cell help, but an impaired ability to activate tissue macrophages or to produce immune mediators. PMID- 6229379 TI - Reversal of left ventricular hypertrophy with captopril: heterogeneity of response among hypertensive patients. AB - Reversal of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) has been reported not to occur with all antihypertensive agents. Moreover, a dissociation between blood pressure response to medical therapy and reversal of ventricular hypertrophy has been previously observed. To evaluate the effects of captopril we studied the electrocardiographic (ECG) changes in 26 severe hypertensive patients who received the drug for more than one year. In 14 patients with normal pretreatment ECG, captopril controlled blood pressure effectively [132 +/- 2.9 (SE) to 104 +/- 3.9 mmHg, p less than 0.001], but had no effect on ECG voltage. In 12 patients with pretreatment LVH, two different response patterns were observed despite similar blood pressure control (144 +/- 4.9 to 102 +/- 3.1 mmHg and 148 +/- 7.3 to 109 +/- 7.3 mmHg, p less than 0.001 for both): seven had complete normalization of ECG while five had residual LVH pattern. No significant difference was found between the latter two groups in regard to age, sex, weight, etiology of hypertension, pretreatment ECG voltage, blood pressure, plasma renin activity, duration of treatment and duration of maintained blood pressure control. The reversal of LVH pattern occurred early (between 12 to 16 months) with no overall correlation between lowering of blood pressure and ECG voltage changes. The heterogeneity of response observed in this study suggests that factors other than blood pressure control modify the reversal of cardiac hypertrophy by antihypertensive therapy. PMID- 6229378 TI - Autologous and allogeneic mixed-lymphocyte responses following thermal injury in man: the immunomodulatory effects of interleukin 1, interleukin 2, and a prostaglandin inhibitor, WY-18251. AB - A group of 30 burn patients with 36-87% total body surface area (TBSA) burns was studied at 24-48 hr postburn. These included studies of (1) autologous and allogeneic mixed-lymphocyte reactions (MLR); (2) the immunoregulatory influence of mitomycin C-treated T cells, non-T cells, and unfractionated peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) on allogeneic MLR; and (3) correlation between the proportions of T-cell subsets defined with monoclonal antibodies (OKT4 and OKT8) and autologous MLR. Studies concerning adherent cell production of thromboxane, prostaglandin E2, and prostaglandin F2a and the immunomodulatory effects of Interleukin 1 (IL-1), Interleukin 2 (IL-2), and a prostaglandin inhibitor, WY 18251, on autologous MLR are presented. The autologous mixed-lymphocyte reaction was depressed in 60% of the burn patients tested. This depressed response correlated closely to the extent of third-degree injury (P less than 0.025) and to TBSA injury greater than 60% (P less than 0.025). A linear correlation was observed between the depression in autologous MLR and a decrease in both the percentage of OKT4+ T cells and the OKT4+/OKT8+ ratio. The response of T cells from burn patients in allogeneic MLR was normal. Age, sex, TBSA of the burn, and size of second-degree burn did not correlate with the abnormalities observed in MLR. Mitomycin C-treated mononuclear cells, purified T cells, or non-T cells from burned patients did not demonstrate any suppressive influence on MLR in normals. Monocyte number and arachidonic acid metabolism were investigated. In addition to increased numbers of monocytes following thermal injury, adherent cells produced increased quantities of thromboxane, prostaglandin E2, and prostaglandin F2a. The effects of Interleukin 1, Interleukin 2, and a prostaglandin inhibitor, WY-18251, were studied in autologous MLR (AMLR) of burned and normal patients. Interleukin 1 and WY-18251 did not induce any significant changes in proliferation in burned patients or normal controls. When compared to cultures without exogenous IL-2, an increase in AMLR was observed following the addition of IL-2 to burn patient cultures at Day 6 and Day 7 of culture. Although the addition of IL-2 did increase proliferation in AMLR of normal controls at Day 6 and Day 7, the enhancement observed for the burn patient cultures represented a restoration to the level of normal control cultures without IL-2. A dose-dependent increase in AMLR was observed in T cells isolated from normal and burned patients in the presence of purified Interleukin 2.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6229380 TI - Continuous intracoronary nitroglycerin infusion for spasm after angioplasty. AB - A patient with reversible coronary artery spasm superimposed on fixed atherosclerotic coronary disease was treated with percutaneous transluminal angioplasty. The procedure successfully dilated the atherosclerotic lesion. However, 20 minutes later, the patient developed coronary artery spasm at the angioplasty site. Sublingual nitroglycerin, sublingual nifedipine, intravenous nitroglycerin, and repeated boluses of intracoronary nitroglycerin alleviated episodes of spasm, but failed to prevent recurrence. The patient was successfully treated with a continuous intracoronary infusion of nitroglycerin. Patients with coronary artery spasm in addition to fixed obstructive coronary disease may be at higher risk for spasm after percutaneous transluminal angioplasty. Continuous intracoronary infusion of nitroglycerin may be an effective therapy for recurrent coronary artery spasm occurring in the catheterization laboratory. PMID- 6229382 TI - [Effect of beta-estradiol on enzymatic activity correlated with the transduction of energy in the cerebellar cortex]. PMID- 6229381 TI - Technetium-99m-methylenediphosphonate scintimetry after femoral neck fracture. A three-year follow-up study. AB - Thirty-nine patients with femoral neck fractures were followed up clinically and radiographically by technetium-99m-methylenediphosphonate (99mTc-MDP) scintimetry two to 20 days and four, eight, 12, 24, and 36 months after surgery or until redisplacement, pseudarthrosis, or segmental collapse occurred. The scintimetric data were calculated by selecting regions of interest on the fractured and intact sides over the femoral head, neck, greater trochanter, and shaft; ratios of fractured/intact side were obtained for each region. Bone metabolism after femoral neck fracture was expressed and analyzed numerically. Prognosis regarding the course of healing could be made with precision by studying femoral head isotope activity shortly after surgery, preferably one to three weeks after operation. Intact femoral head uptake (ratio greater than 1.0) was connected with uneventful healing, while defective uptake (ratio less than 1.0) was observed with healing complications. The vast majority of femoral heads with primary uptake defects showed increased uptake (greater than 1.0) after four months, often as early as six to eight weeks, indicating revascularization. Segmental collapse, as well as redisplacement and pseudarthrosis, appear to be related to femoral head vascular injury. Femoral head uptake in patients in whom healing complications developed secondary to avascularity differed significantly from that in patients with normal healing, except at investigations performed four to eight months after operation. 99mTc-MDP uptake in the femoral neck, trochanter, and shaft areas was increased for all femoral neck fractures. Subsequent normalization was considerably slower in patients with healing complications. A significant difference from normal healing did not occur until 12-24 months after operation. For patients with contralateral hip disease affecting the femoral head ratio, the prognosis regarding complications was made with the aid of the femoral head/shaft ratio on the fracture side. PMID- 6229383 TI - Hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy for metastatic liver cancers. PMID- 6229384 TI - Ca2+-dependent phosphatase and ATPase activities in eel gill plasma membranes--I. Identification of Ca2+-activated ATPase activities with non-specific phosphatase activities. AB - The characteristics of Ca2+-activated ATPase activities previously often postulated as components for the calcium transporting system in fish gills do not fulfil the requirements of a transport Ca2+-ATPase. The chelation of Ca2+- or Mg2+-ions is a prerequisite for the adenosinephosphate esters to serve as substrate for gill plasma membrane phosphatases. Ca2+-activated ATP hydrolysis results from the activity of a heterogeneous pool of phosphatases located in the plasma membranes of the branchial epithelium, as is concluded from substrate specificity tests and the effects of various inhibitors on these hydrolytic activities. In the present study only non-specific phosphatases could be shown. PMID- 6229385 TI - Respiratory activities of subsarcolemmal and intermyofibrillar mitochondrial populations isolated from denervated and control rat soleus muscles. AB - Ultraturrax and Nagarse released populations of mitochondria isolated from control and day 21 denervated rat soleus muscle were characterized with respect to their oxidative phosphorylation, ADP translocase and ATPase activities. Both Ultraturrax and Nagarse released mitochondrial populations displayed lower capacities for oxidative phosphorylation; lower ADP translocase activities and higher Mg2+ stimulated ATPase activities than their corresponding controls. For both the denervated and control states, the Nagarse-released mitochondrial populations displayed significantly higher respiratory activities than the Ultraturrax released fractions. The significance of these findings is discussed with regard to the process of mitochondrial respiratory control. In addition the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in denervation muscular atrophy is assessed. PMID- 6229386 TI - Comparative inhibition profiles of human brain and mouse liver L-hexonate dehydrogenase. AB - The inhibition profiles of mouse liver and human brain hexonate dehydrogenase were compared. In general, the pattern for fluoride, lithium, phenobarbital, hydroxylamine and iodoacetate inhibition is similar. Contrary to previous findings, the mouse liver enzyme is potently inhibited by cupric and mercuric ions in sub-millimolar concentrations. The human brain enzyme is also inhibited by these cations. Inhibition of both enzymes by thiol-blocking agents (p chloromercuribenzoate, iodoacetate) and enzyme protection by the first substrate NADPH but not by the second substrate, glucuronate suggests that both enzymes contain thiol groups essential for catalytic activity. PMID- 6229387 TI - Closed-circuit and high-flow systems: examining alternatives. AB - The nonrebreathing system has been with us since Morton demonstrated the administration of diethyl ether in 1846. Its current popularity is evidenced by the extensive use of the Bain system. The greatest advantage, its history of patient safety, is related to the circuit's simplicity and the knowledge that the delivered concentration equals the inhaled concentration. Most disadvantages of the nonrebreathing system are related to the required high delivery rates: operating room and environmental pollution, necessity of scavenging gases, cost of agents, energy loss through no-return operating room ventilation, inhalation of dry gases, and the inability of the anesthesiologist to quantitate patient uptake of oxygen and inhaled anesthetics. Partial rebreathing systems reduce the disadvantages related to high delivery flow rates but, owing to the required rebreathing, do not permit the anesthesiologist to know the inhaled anesthetic concentration. A carbon dioxide absorber is necessary. It is still impossible to quantitate uptake by the patient, and it is difficult to conclude that any real net advantage results from the use of partial rebreathing systems. When modern day technology provides the practitioner with an appropriate anesthesia machine, it is likely that closed-circuit anesthesia will become the method of choice for anesthesia delivery. Although the economic, ecologic, and physiologic advantages of this system are important, its greatest asset is the ability to monitor important respiratory and cardiovascular variables in patients noninvasively. Important information provided to the anesthesiologist by the patient during closed-circuit anesthesia is lost through the pop-off valve when high-flow systems are used. During closed-circuit anesthesia the gas machine itself becomes a monitor. Practicing anesthesiologists will embrace closed-circuit anesthesia practice when-and if-they are convinced that it provides an opportunity for better and more efficient patient care than other systems. PMID- 6229388 TI - The Arizona program: development of a modular, interactive anesthesia delivery system. AB - Research by the Advanced Biotechnology Group, Department of Anesthesiology, the University of Arizona, has led to the development of many of the physical and theoretic elements necessary to the creation of a new automated anesthesia delivery system. Recognizing the obligation to provide means of the highest reliability and safety for anesthesia delivery, this group is endeavoring to bring together a compact, integrated modular system of the greatest utility to the practicing anesthesiologist. PMID- 6229389 TI - Gas and vapor delivery. AB - Technology for gas and vapor delivery has not changed substantively in decades. Technology possessing greater precision and reliability has been in use by nonmedical industries to regulate gas flows and to vaporize liquids. Adaptation of existing technology to the needs of anesthesia delivery systems requires stimulus from the anesthesia community and commitment from the anesthesia device industry. No insurmountable problems are evident, but the perennial problem of inertia has prevented progress consistent with that seen in other fields of biomedical technology. PMID- 6229390 TI - Computed tomographic demonstration of displaced right upper lobe bronchus in an adult woman with congenital heart disease. AB - To our knowledge, this is the first description of the computed tomographic appearance of a displaced right upper lobe bronchus. The case reported is that of a 43 year-old woman who had known congenital heart disease and systemic hypertension. The computed tomographic study demonstrated a displaced right upper lobe bronchus; a persistent left superior vena cava; pulmonary hypertension with associated dilatation of the right chambers of the heart consistent with a longstanding left to right shunt; and subsequent development of pulmonary hypertension. PMID- 6229391 TI - [School dispensary system and dental care for children with mental and developmental disorders]. PMID- 6229392 TI - [Comparative evaluation of the sealing waxes Nuva Seal and Kerr in caries prevention in school children in the light of 2 years' observation]. PMID- 6229393 TI - [Evaluation of clinical classes in pediatric dentistry by 5th year students during the academic year 1980/81]. PMID- 6229394 TI - [Effect of sealing materials on the bacterial flora in dental intercoronal fissures based on the literature]. PMID- 6229395 TI - [Clinical evaluation of 2 composite materials used for reconstruction of damaged anterior tooth crowns]. PMID- 6229396 TI - [Various examples of general pathology and therapeutics with dental implications in geriatrics]. PMID- 6229397 TI - [Contact allergy. The dental surgeon and his patient]. PMID- 6229398 TI - [Extensive diagnostic procedures in lumbar pain in sportsmen]. PMID- 6229399 TI - Irrigation with mercury chloride and sodium hypochlorite to prevent local recurrence after excision of conjunctival melanoma. An experimental study. AB - Two chemical agents, sodium hypochlorite 0.5% (Dakin's solution) and mercury chloride 0.1%, capable of killing seeded tumour cells, were used for washing the cornea and conjunctiva of rabbits. Both agents produced considerable superficial lesions in the cornea and conjunctiva after irrigation for 3 and 5 min, but these were restored to normal after 2 weeks. PMID- 6229400 TI - Developing special patient care programs in dental hygiene schools. PMID- 6229402 TI - Role of phosphate in the regulation of the Pasteur effect in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - The occurrence of the Pasteur effect in Saccharomyces cerevisiae in several conditions has been examined. In these conditions measurements of a series of metabolites potentially involved in the regulation of the effect were performed. These included, among others, adenine nucleotides, citrate, fructose 2,6 bisphosphate and phosphate. Only phosphate changed in a consistent way, increasing in anaerobiosis when the Pasteur effect occurred. It is concluded that, with the available data, only phosphate may be considered as a regulator of the Pasteur effect in this microorganism. PMID- 6229401 TI - The genetic toxicology of metal compounds: I. Induction of lambda prophage in E coli WP2s(lambda). AB - A number of metal compounds have been shown to be human carcinogens. Others, while not proven human carcinogens, are able to cause tumors in laboratory animals. Short-term bacterial assays for genotoxic effects have not been successful in predicting the carcinogenicity of metal compounds. We report here the ability of some metal compounds to cause the induction of lambda prophage in E coli WP2s(lambda). By far the strongest inducing ability was observed with K2CrO4, followed by Pb(NO3)2 greater than MnCl2 greater than Ni(OOCCH3)2 greater than CrCl2 greater than NaWO4 greater than Na2MoO4 greater than KMnO4. With the exception of chromate, long-term exposures in a narrow, subtoxic dose range were required in order to demonstrate phage induction. A new microtiter assay for lambda prophage induction, which incorporates these features, is described. This system also was able to detect very small amounts of organic carcinogens. PMID- 6229403 TI - Biogenesis of blowfly photoreceptor membranes is regulated by 11-cis-retinal. AB - Biogenesis of photoreceptor membranes has been investigated by analyzing the rhodopsin and opsin content of microvillar photoreceptor membranes after injecting retinal isomers and radioactive amino acids into the compound eyes of carotenoid-deficient blowflies. The amount of rhodopsin in the membranes was measured photometrically in extracts of isolated rhabdoms. The opsin content of the membranes and the level of radioactive labelling of opsin were measured after separating the membrane proteins by dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. In the photoreceptor membrane of carotenoid-deficient flies the rhodopsin and opsin content is less than 4% of that in normal flies where opsin may constitute about 65% of the total membrane protein. In carotenoid-deficient flies the incorporation of rhodopsin into photoreceptor membranes is triggered by 11-cis-retinal but not all-trans retinal. After injection of 11-cis-retinal the opsin content of the photoreceptor membranes increases in parallel with the rhodopsin content. Radioactive labelling of opsin reveals that 11-cis-retinal triggers an incorporation of newly synthesized opsin into photoreceptor membranes whereas all-trans retinal does not induce the assembly of opsin into photoreceptor membranes. Light-dependent incorporation of radioactive labelled opsin into membranes with a high rhodopsin content shows that not only the visual pigment chromophore but also the opsin undergoes a light-dependent turnover. The findings raise the possibility that opsin synthesis in blowfly photoreceptors and consequently the assembly of photoreceptor membranes is regulated by 11-cis retinal. PMID- 6229404 TI - Protein synthesis during chloroplast development in Spirodela oligorhiza. Coordinated synthesis of chloroplast-encoded and nuclear-encoded subunits of ATPase and ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase. AB - We have studied qualitative and quantitative changes of several parameters during chloroplast development in Spirodela oligorhiza (duckweed). On a dry weight basis, the amount of protein increases from 2.5% (w/w) in dark-grown to 7.8% (w/w) in light-grown fronds. At the same time the amount of starch drops from 50% to 27% (w/w). Using an immunochemical quantification method we have found that during greening of etiolated plants the amount of all subunits of the ATPase complex per frond increases 10-fold, whereas the level of the subunits of ribulose-1,5-biphosphate carboxylase increases 50-fold. Cytochrome f was found to be present in dark-grown Spirodela and the amount of this polypeptide per frond increases about 30-fold. The concentration of a polypeptide that possibly represents a cytochrome b6 subunit increases about 10-fold upon greening. The molar ratio of the CF1-beta and CF1-gamma subunits of the ATPase complex varies over 2-3, while in all stages of chloroplast development studied the molar ratio of the carboxylase subunits is about 1. As these values are in agreement with the stoichiometrical amounts in the native protein complexes, we conclude that the synthesis of CF1-beta and CF1-gamma, as well as the synthesis of the large and small carboxylase subunits, are strictly coordinated during chloroplast biogenesis in Spirodela oligorhiza. PMID- 6229405 TI - The variable relation between myosin light-chain phosphorylation and actin activated ATPase activity in chicken gizzard smooth muscle. Modulation by tropomyosin. AB - Using pure myosin light-chain kinase and myosin from chicken gizzard and rabbit skeletal actin, we have established the relationship between myosin phosphorylation and actin-activated ATPase activity by varying the concentration of Ca2+ or calmodulin (CaM). By increasing Ca2+ or CaM the extent of myosin phosphorylation increased from 10% to about 100%, the requirements for half maximal activation being 0.17 microM Ca2+ and 1 nM CaM. ATPase was activated only when a phosphorylation 'threshold' of about 60% was surpassed. By increasing phosphorylation from 60% to 100%, ATPase activity was further stimulated, the relationship between myosin phosphorylation and ATPase activity being curvilinear. Addition of 1 microM tropomyosin lowered the Ca2+ requirement for half-maximal ATPase activity in the prescence of 0.05 microM CaM from 0.4 microM to 0.2 microM but did not affect the maximal ATPAse activity. In addition, the CaM requirement of ATPase activity was also lowered by gizzard tropomyosin at 9 microM Ca2+. The Ca2+/CaM requirement for myosin phosphorylation remained unaffected by tropomyosin. Thus, tropomyosin altered the relationship between myosin phosphorylation and ATPase activity: the phosphorylation 'threshold' was lowered from 60% to about 10%, hence causing a leftward shift of the relationship which becomes similar to that in the case of native actomyosin. PMID- 6229406 TI - Induction of suppressive cells within the T4 subset by a human T-T hybridoma produced factor. AB - This study examines the target cell and the mode of action of a factor (TsF), produced by a human T-T hybridoma, which suppresses pokeweed mitogen-induced B cell differentiation as previously reported (J. Immunol. 1982. 129: 1008.). The suppressive effect still exists when peripheral blood leukocytes are depleted of T8+ cells or when TsF is added to a mixture of purified T4+ and B cells. This suppressive effect disappears when the T4 cells are irradiated. The suppression, however, is restored when a large number of T8 cells are added to the irradiated T4 cells. Lastly, a 24 h preincubation of T4 but not T8 cells, with TsF is able to generate suppressive effectors. These results suggest that the target cell for TsF is a radioresistant T4 cell which, upon activation, is able to induce radiosensitive T4 or T8 cells to suppress B cell differentiation. PMID- 6229407 TI - Failure of the human autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction in the absence of foreign antigens. AB - The autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction (AMLR) is thought to represent the in vitro proliferation of T cells in response to stimulation by autologous histocompatibility antigens present on non-T cells. We have investigated the possibility that xenogeneic determinants act as the stimulating antigens in the human AMLR. Exposure of lymphocytes to fetal calf serum and/or sheep red blood cells during fractionation triggers substantial proliferation of T cells, plaque forming cell responses, and interleukin 2 production. In contrast, lymphocytes isolated and cultured in the absence of any known foreign substances failed to respond in the AMLR, yet responded significantly when cultured in the presence of fetal calf serum. These results suggest that without exposure to foreign antigens, the human AMLR is difficult to demonstrate in vitro. PMID- 6229408 TI - Activation of human T lymphocytes I. Requirements for mitogen-induced proliferation of antigen-specific T lymphocyte clones. AB - In a model system for accessory cell (AC)-dependent mitogen-induced T cell proliferation the response of several human antigen-specific HLA-restricted helper T lymphocyte clones (HTLC) to mitogens was studied. It was found that the HTLC themselves did not or only weakly respond to various mitogens or to oxidation by galactose oxidase, but that the response could be strongly increased if certain tumor cell lines were added to the assay as AC. Pretreatment with lectins or oxidation of either HTLC or AC was effective in stimulating the proliferation of the T cells in this system. Reduction of the aldehydes formed during oxidation completely abolished the stimulatory activity of oxidized B lymphoblastoid cell line. This shows that cross-linking of T cell and AC is required to induce proliferation. When several established cell lines were tested for their capacity to function as AC in this system, profound differences in AC activity were detected. The inability of cells with poor AC activity to stimulate the HTLC was not due to trivial reasons, such as requirements for different mitogen concentrations, a decreased binding of mitogens or suppressive effects. Furthermore, AC activity was not dependent on the presence of Ia antigens on the AC. These findings are discussed with regard to the mechanism of mitogen-induced T cell activation. PMID- 6229409 TI - Quantitative representation of all T cells committed to develop into cytotoxic effector cells and/or interleukin 2 activity-producing helper cells within murine T lymphocyte subsets. AB - A limiting dilution culture system based on stimulation with concanavalin A (Con A) has been used to study the quantitative distribution of helper and of cytotoxic precursor cells in Lyt-2-defined subpopulations of murine T cells. Virtually all of the selected Lyt-2+ and Lyt-2-T cells grow and expand to large clonal colonies within an 8-9-day culture period. Our data show that upon stimulation with Con A, 90% of the Lyt-2-T cells were capable to produce interleukin 2 (IL 2) activity. In addition, IL 2 activity is produced by 8-10% of Lyt-2+ T cells. However, at the clonal level, the average of the IL2 activity produced by Lyt-2+ T cells is about 8-fold less as compared to Lyt-2-T cells. Precursors of cytotoxic T cells were almost exclusively found in the Lyt-2+ population, of which about 70% displayed lytic activity in a lectin-dependent cytolysis test. For the vast majority of clones analyzed the capacity to produce IL 2 activity and the capacity to express lytic activity, was found to be mutually exclusive. A minority of clones (less than 3%) was found to simultaneously produce IL 2 activity and to express cytotoxicity. These latter cells are therefore considered as bifunctional T cells. PMID- 6229410 TI - The introduction of one or two 3 beta-cholestanyl residues into benzylpenicilloyl eicosa-L-lysines greatly potentiates their tolerogenicity for anti benzylpenicillol IgE antibody formation. AB - BALB/c mice were repeatedly immunized with microgram doses of benzylpenicilloylated Ascaris protein(s) (BPO9Asc) in alum. At different stages of the immune response, BPO21 eicosa-L-lysine or two analogs containing one or two hydrophobic p-oxymethylbenzyl-3 beta-cholestanyl succinate (OSuco) groups were injected. When injected early in the immune response, the anti-BPO IgE antibody formation was much more strongly and permanently suppressed by the lipophilic conjugates than by the hydrophilic BPO21 eicosa-L-lysine. A similar, but less marked, suppressive effect was observed on the anti-BPO IgG1 response. By adoptive cell transfer experiments, it was found that the OSuco-containing derivatives induce and act via suppressor T lymphocytes, since this cell-mediated suppression was sensitive to cyclophosphamide or to treatment with anti-Lyt-2.2 antibody plus complement. When these compounds were injected into repeatedly immunized mice producing late ongoing antibody responses no differences in suppression between hydrophilic and hydrophobic derivatives were observed. In this case, the IgE response was suppressed by about 50%, while the IgG1 response was not affected. These results are compatible with the suggestion that early IgE responses are most sensitive to T cell-mediated suppression and that T suppressor cells are better induced by lipophilic than by hydrophilic antigens. The late ongoing IgE response, on the other hand, is less amenable to T cell-induced suppression and tolerogenic effects brought about by plurivalent BPO antigens operate directly on hapten-specific IgE-bearing B cells, regardless of their lipophilic character. PMID- 6229411 TI - Effects of a new antianginal agent, nicorandil, on normoxic and anoxic contractions in isolated miniature pig coronary arteries exposed to 5 hydroxytryptamine and norepinephrine: comparison with nitroglycerin and diltiazem. AB - Nicorandil, nitroglycerin and diltiazem effects on normoxic and anoxic contractile responses to 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) were compared in isolated miniature pig coronary artery strips. Anoxia augmented contractile responses of the strips to 5-HT and NE. Nicorandil and nitroglycerin inhibited the normoxic contractile responses to 5-HT and NE and the further contraction induced by subsequently imposed anoxia. Diltiazem inhibited only the responses to 5-HT and to subsequently imposed anoxia. Whereas nicorandil and nitroglycerin produced relaxation of both potassium- and lanthanum-induced contractions, diltiazem was an effective relaxant of the potassium-induced contraction. The present experiments demonstrate that anoxia can augment the contractions of isolated large coronary arteries to 5-HT and NE. Nicorandil as well as nitroglycerin attenuate normoxic and anoxic contractions to 5-HT and NE. This is probably accomplished by inhibition of intracellular Ca2+ mobilization. PMID- 6229412 TI - Fenfluramine inhibits insulin secretion and potentiates glucagon release by the perfused rat pancreas. AB - Fenfluramine, an anorectic used in the treatment of obesity, in a final concentration of 1 mM strongly inhibited both phases of insulin release by the perfused rat pancreas. Insulin secretion resumed promptly after cessation of the drug infusion. This concentration of the drug markedly increased glucagon output. The blockade of alpha-adrenergic receptors and the use of antiserotonin agents did not alter the inhibitory effect of fenfluramine on insulin secretion. It is concluded that in the perfused rat pancreas 1 mM fenfluramine acutely inhibits glucose-induced insulin secretion and potentiates glucagon output. The direct effect of fenfluramine on insulin secretion is not related to alpha-adrenergic activity, nor is it mediated by serotonin. PMID- 6229413 TI - A system for the study of epidermal G1-chalone in cell culture. The rat tongue epithelial cell line RTE2. AB - A pig-skin preparation enriched in epidermal G1-chalone when administered to cells of the rat tongue epithelial line RTE2 at concentrations of 3-300 micrograms/ml (dry mass) caused a 60% reduction in cell number. Three other cell lines showed essentially no growth inhibition during chalone treatment. The kinetics of chalone inhibition were similar to those observed in mouse epidermis in vivo. Five hours after the addition of chalone preparation in fresh medium a decrease in the rate of DNA synthesis was observed. Maximum inhibition at 12 h was followed by a subsequent increase in DNA synthesis, reaching control values again after 30 h. The inhibitory effect was dose-dependent up to 3 micrograms/ml. At higher concentrations the degree of inhibition remained constant at about 50% of the control up to 300 micrograms/ml. Removal of added chalone by changing the medium at the time of maximum inhibition gave rise to a complete recovery within 9 h. These results indicate a cell-line specific, non-toxic and reversible inhibitory effect of the chalone preparation which resembles that observed in the living animal. The RTE2 cell line may thus be considered to provide a highly sensitive experimental system suitable for more detailed studies on the mechanism of action of epidermal G1-chalone. PMID- 6229414 TI - The effects of different thymidine concentrations on DNA replication in pea-root cells synchronized by a protracted 5-fluorodeoxyuridine treatment. AB - Single-cell and DNA fiber autoradiography, cytophotometry and velocity sedimentation in alkaline sucrose gradients were used to analyse DNA replication and nascent replicon maturation in 5-fluorodeoxyuridine (FUdR)-synchronized cells of Pisum sativum. The replicon size was not significantly changed by the protracted FUdR treatment. When the synchronized cells were released from the inhibitor, labeled with [3H]TdR for 30 min, and chased in medium containing 1 X 10(-6) M or lower concentrations of cold thymidine, DNA replication stopped after approx. 25% of the genome had replicated, and the nascent strands failed to grow above 9 - 12 X 10(6) D single-stranded (ss) DNA. When the cells were chased in medium with 1 X 10(-5) M cold thymidine, the DNA content of the labeled cells steadily increased with time and the size of the nascent molecules grew continuously until replicon size was achieved; then they were accumulated at replicon size until the cells arrived in late S or G2. When the FUdR-synchronized cells were chased in medium containing 1 X 10(-4) M cold thymidine, the size of the nascent strands increased continuously with time, indicating that some neighbouring nascent replicons were joined as soon as they completed their replication. These observations led us to postulate that in FUdR-synchronized cells the rates of chain elongation, cell progression through the S phase and nascent replicon maturation are controlled by thymidine availability. PMID- 6229415 TI - Neural influences on the distribution of troponin I isotypes in the cat. AB - An immunohistochemical technique was used to study changes in the distribution of fast and slow forms of troponin I (TN-I) in response to alterations in the nerve supply. Hind limb muscles from normal, spinal-isolated, and cordotomized cats, one leg of which had undergone cross innervation between slow (soleus) and fast (flexor hallucis longus, FHL) muscles, were examined. At 8 months after cross innervation of normal soleus by the FHL nerve, the number of fast TN-I-positive cells had increased from 0.26 to 22.1%. At 8 months after cross innervation of normal FHL muscle with the soleus nerve, the number of fast TN-I-positive cells had decreased from 86.5 to 30.5%. The number of intermediate cells staining for both fast and slow TN-I, increased considerably after cross innervation of both soleus and FHL muscles. Spinal isolation by itself had a dramatic effect on the distribution of fast and slow TN-I, converting almost all the originally slow fibers in the FHL and 60.0% of the soleus fibers to fast TN-I-positive cells in 8 months. Cordotomy, in contrast, produced an increase of only 15.6% in the soleus, and did not change the FHL. There was no quantitative difference in the crossed and uncrossed muscles of spinal isolated cats. In cordotomized cats, cross innervation of the soleus by the FHL nerve resulted in 32.3% fast TN-I-positive cells, with some fiber type grouping. Thus, distribution of fast and slow forms of TN-I changed after each neural manipulation which altered amounts and patterns of muscle contraction and stretch. PMID- 6229416 TI - Characterization and antithrombotic action of tissue plasminogen activator. AB - An extractive fibrinolytic enzyme has been characterized and found to belong to the class of vascular plasminogen activators. The agent has been found to have an antithrombotic action in the rabbit. PMID- 6229417 TI - Cardiac hypertrophy in surgically denervated dogs with aortic stenosis. AB - Left ventricular cell hypertrophy in dogs with aortic stenosis was accelerated by surgical denervation of the left ventricle. We conclude that there are neural mechanisms which, when present, inhibit cardiac cell hypertrophy. PMID- 6229418 TI - The purification of 5-enolpyruvylshikimate 3-phosphate synthase from an overproducing strain of Escherichia coli. AB - The Escherichia coli aroA gene which codes for the enzyme 5-enolpyruvylshikimate 3-phosphate synthase (EPSP synthase) has been cloned from the lambda-transducing bacteriophage lambda pserC. The gene has been located on a 4.7 kilobase pair PstI DNA fragment which has been inserted into the multiple copy plasmid pAT153. E. coli cells transformed with this recombinant plasmid overproduce EPSP synthase 100-fold. A simple method for the purification of homogeneous enzyme in milligram quantities has been devised. The resulting enzyme is indistinguishable from enzyme isolated from untransformed E. coli. PMID- 6229419 TI - The sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium pump. Localization of free energy transfer to discrete steps of the reaction cycle. AB - Free energy transduction in active transport resembles other protein-catalyzed processes, occurring by an ordered sequence of discrete bond-breaking and bond making steps. The bonds that affect the transported ion directly are chelation bonds, which alter the chemical potential of the bound ion, but not its chemical identity. Available data for the sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca pump (admittedly incomplete) suggest that more than 50% of the free energy transfer may be localized to a single step of the reaction cycle. PMID- 6229420 TI - Amino acid sequence of the oligomycin sensitivity-conferring protein (OSCP) of beef-heart mitochondria and its homology with the delta-subunit of the F1-ATPase of Escherichia coli. AB - The complete amino acid sequence of the oligomycin sensitivity-conferring protein (OSCP) of beef-heart mitochondria is reported. The protein contains 190 amino acids and has a molecular mass of 20 967. Its structure is characterized by a concentration of charged amino acids in the two terminal segments (N 1-77 and C 128-190) of the protein, whereas its central region is more hydrophobic. The earlier reported homology of the protein with the delta-subunit of E. coli F1, based on the terminal amino acid sequences of OSCP, is further substantiated. PMID- 6229422 TI - Role of natural suppressor cells in allograft tolerance. PMID- 6229421 TI - Reconstitution of solubilised brain D2 dopamine receptors into phospholipid vesicles. AB - D2 dopamine receptors have been solubilised from bovine caudate nucleus using cholate/sodium chloride in the presence of soyabean phospholipid. Reconstitution of the receptors into soyabean phospholipid vesicles has been achieved by dialysis to remove detergent and salt. The receptors are truly reconstituted as judged by sedimentation, electron microscopy, heat stability and analysis on sucrose density gradients. The ligand-binding properties of the reconstituted receptors resemble those of the solubilised preparation. PMID- 6229423 TI - Helper cell-independent clonal expansion of H-2D-restricted cytolytic T cells. AB - Cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) clones of different phenotypes have been described: some need extrinsic growth factors for proliferation whereas others can be expanded by antigenic stimulation. Up to 40% of CTL clones obtained early during in vitro culture can be stimulated by antigen in the absence of extrinsic interleukin 2 (IL 2) whereas all late clones require exogenous IL 2. Early clones regularly change their phenotype, i.e., their growth becomes dependent on exogenous IL 2. We propose that the growth of Lyt-2+ cells restricted by class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigen is essentially independent of growth factors produced by class II MHC antigen-restricted T helper cells but can be augmented by such factors, especially at later stages of antigen-induced differentiation. PMID- 6229424 TI - [Work experience of the Grodno Province Council of Paramedical Workers]. PMID- 6229425 TI - Diagnosis of luteinized unruptured follicle (LUF) syndrome by ultrasound. AB - To evaluate the role of ultrasound in diagnosing luteinized unruptured follicle (LUF), 37 women with unexplained infertility were examined for two to three menstrual cycles. Laparoscopy or laparotomy was performed on days 16 to 18 of the third study cycle in 25 patients. The LUF syndrome was suspected at ultrasound examination in 57 of 100 cycles observed. In the remaining 43 cycles, follicular collapse was observed in 33, and 10 were diagnosed as anovulatory. At laparoscopy or laparotomy on 25 patients, 18 of the 21 patients diagnosed as having LUF by ultrasound had a corpus luteum without a stigma. The other three cases diagnosed as LUF by ultrasound had ovulation stigmata. Additional findings in the 25 patients who underwent laparotomy or laparoscopy were endometriosis in 7 (5 of whom had LUF as well), ovulation in 5, bilateral hydrosalpinx in 1, and inability to visualize the ovaries because of adhesions in 1. The LUF syndrome was not a consistent change in the ovulatory pattern of most of the patients. It occurred by ultrasound diagnosis in three consecutive cycles in only 34% of patients. PMID- 6229426 TI - Evaluation, therapy, and outcome in 493 infertile couples. AB - From 1973 through 1979, 493 infertile couples were evaluated for their infertility problem, allowing for a minimum follow-up of 1 year and a maximum follow-up of 7 years. Accurate records were kept on margin-punched cards for easy review and updating. Ovulation defects; male factor problems, and tubal disease accounted for 60% of the diagnosed causes of infertility. No diagnosis was made in 25% of the patients studied. Therapy began as soon as indicated and continued concurrently as the diagnostic evaluation progressed. Among the 493 infertile couples, 257 (52%) patients had a successful outcome; 90% of this group conceived by 1 year after the initial visit. One hundred thirty-seven patients underwent both hysterosalpingography and laparoscopy during their diagnostic evaluation. The interpretation of the hysterosalpingogram was wrong in about one third of the cases. Of 37 (7.5%) undiagnosed patients who underwent complete evaluation, including visualization of the pelvis by either laparoscopy or laparotomy, only 12 eventually conceived, 11 by the end of 1 year from the initial visit. PMID- 6229427 TI - [Suppression of inflammation in acne vulgaris by topical erythromycin in alcoholic solution]. PMID- 6229428 TI - [A case of mold allergy as an occupational disease]. PMID- 6229429 TI - Dose-response relationship in isotretinoin therapy for conglobate acne. AB - 58 male patients with therapy-resistant conglobate acne were randomly selected for treatment with isotretinoin 1.0 or 0.5 mg/kg bodyweight. 27 patients received the high-dose regimen and 31 patients the lower dosage. The efficacy of the drug was highly satisfactory in both therapy groups and no differences could be observed between them. Side-effects (dry lips, dry nose, scaling of the skin) were generally well tolerated in both groups, they were more serious in the 1.0 mg/kg group. It is concluded that isotretinoin therapy is very effective in male patients with conglobate acne and that a dosage of 0.5 mg/kg is preferable to higher dosage regimens. PMID- 6229430 TI - A curious genetic coincidence found in a study of palmoplantar keratoderma. AB - In a study of hereditary palmoplantar keratoderma of the Unna Thost variety in the northernmost county of Sweden (Norrbotten) a genetic coincident between this inherited disorder and the autosomal dominant form of ichthyosis vulgaris was found. In the same family a patient with ichthyosis vulgaris combined with palmoplantar hyperkeratosis and hyperkeratotic plaques on the knees and the elbows appeared. PMID- 6229431 TI - Clinical and metabolic effects of Gynodian-depot in vegetoneurotic disorders following removal of uterine myoma in menopausal patients. AB - Clinical and metabolic effects of depot-injections of estradiol valerianate dehydroepiandrosterone enanthate at a 1:50 ratio (Gynodian-depot) in the treatment of severe clinical manifestations of the vegetoneurotic syndrome were evaluated in menopuasal patients after hysterectomy for uterine myoma. Favourable comprehensive effects of the drug were noted, which in most patients contributed to the elimination or significant alleviation of major vegetoneurotic, psychoemotional and metabolic-endocrine disorders. An effective combination of the estrogenic and androgenic hormonal components and their ratios, coupled with very insignificant side-effects, is an important advantage of the drug, permitting its large-scale use for the control of menopausal complications, particularly after surgery for a uterine tumour. PMID- 6229432 TI - Correlations between structural and chemical states of cross-bridges in muscle. PMID- 6229433 TI - Developmental potential of myeloid leukemia cells injected into midgestation embryos. AB - Cells from a clone of mouse myeloid leukemic cells that can be induced to differentiate in vitro to mature cells by the normal macrophage- and granulocyte inducing protein, MGI-2, were injected into mouse embryos at 10 days gestation. The leukemic cells, derived from an SJL/J mouse, were microinjected into the placentae of C3HeB fetuses and the viable progeny were tested for chimerism by analysis of glucose phosphate isomerase isozymes. Fifty-five percent out of 201 viable progeny died prior to weaning due to tumors derived from the injected cells. Of the remaining 91 apparently healthy adult animals, 2 had chimeric populations. One mouse had a chimeric population of granulocytes and the other mouse a chimeric population of macrophages. The animal with a chimeric population of macrophages was chimeric at 1 and 2 months of age and had lost any detectable donor derived contribution by the age of 3 months. The chimeric granulocyte population in the other animal was still stable at 3 months. The myeloid leukemic cells injected into midgestation embryos thus participated in the development of two different cell types in apparently healthy adult animals. Our results indicate that malignant cells of more restricted developmental potential than teratocarcinoma cells may participate in normal development. It remains to be determined whether this participation in normal development was due to normal differentiation of the malignant cells, or the production of nonmalignant segregants derived from the malignant cells. PMID- 6229434 TI - Stable genotypic composition of blood cells in allophenic mice derived from congenic C57BL/6 strains. AB - Random shifts in blood cell genotypic composition are commonly observed in allophenic mice. This phenomenon was studied in 16 mosaic mice produced from very closely related strains, and no such changes were observed in the mosaic composition of erythrocytes, platelets, and lymphocytes over a period of 14 weeks. Furthermore, the mosaic distribution of a large group (66) of these mosaic mice was markedly biased in favor of those animals containing major contributions of both strains. This contrasts with what is normally found in collections of allophenic mice, in which the mosaic distribution curves are usually much flatter. While most allophenic mice have been produced from inbred strains with many genetic differences our results were obtained with congenic strains. This suggests that both properties, the unstable mosaic composition of blood cells and the flat mosaic distribution curves, are caused by specific genetic differences between cells of the two strains and are not inherent properties of allophenic mice. We propose that genetic differences cause these phenomena by inhibiting the mixing of cells of the two strains. Such might occur for example if, throughout development, cells of the same H-2 haplotype had greater affinity for each other than for ones of disparate H-2 haplotypes. PMID- 6229435 TI - Cell interactions in the developing epidermis of the leech Helobdella triserialis. AB - In embryonic development of the leech Helobdella triserialis, each of the four paired ectodermal teloblasts contributes some progeny to a characteristic dorsal or ventral territory of the epidermis. To ascertain the relative roles of cell lineage and cell interactions in generating the highly regular epidermal distribution pattern of the various ectodermal cell lines, a series of experiments was carried out in which the ablation of particular teloblasts was combined with the intracellular injection of cell lineage tracers. The results showed that, after the ablation of an OP proteloblast, or of an O, P, or Q teloblast, the epidermal progeny of the remaining ipsilateral and contralateral teloblasts spread into the territory normally occupied by the epidermal progeny of the ablated teloblast. In this spreading process, cells may cross the ventral midline but not the dorsal midline. The spread of epidermal progeny of one teloblast in response to ablation of another teloblast is contrasted with the failure of the neuronal progeny of one teloblast to replace any missing neural tissue. It appears, therefore, that all epidermal cell lines are of equal developmental potential, regardless of their teloblast of origin, with the eventual location of any epidermal cell in the body wall being governed by interactions between cells within the developing epidermis. PMID- 6229436 TI - Developmental interdeterminacy in embryos of the leech Helobdella triserialis. AB - In embryonic development of the leech Helobdella triserialis, each of the four paired positionally identifiable, ectodermal teloblasts (N, O, P, and Q) generates a bandlet of blast cell progeny that merges with ipsilateral bandlets into a germinal band. Left and right germinal bands coalesce into the germinal plate which gives rise to the segmental tissues of the leech and wherein the progeny of each teloblast generate a characteristic pattern of epidermal and neuronal cells. Experiments reported here show that the positionally identified O teloblast sometimes generates the P pattern and vice versa. The reversal of these teloblasts' generative identities was shown to correspond to the formation of chiasmata by their blast cell bandlets, so that the positions of their bandlets in the germinal band are reversed as well. Thus it is the position of the bandlet in the germinal band, rather than the position of the parent teloblast, which correlates with the fate of o and p blast cells. Moreover, two types of ablation experiments have shown that, in the absence of generative P teloblast progeny, those cells which would normally generate the O pattern take on a new fate and give rise to the P pattern in the nervous system, both at the gross pattern level in the segmental ganglia, and at the level of identified neurons in the peripheral nervous system. If related, these phenomena suggest that the O and P teloblasts, which derive from the symmetric cleavage of the OP proteloblasts, have a common developmental pluripotency. And in that case, the fates of their progeny are determined hierarchically on the basis of relative position in the nascent germinal band, with P-type fate being preferred. PMID- 6229437 TI - Mouse trisomy 16 as an animal model of human trisomy 21 (Down syndrome): production of viable trisomy 16 diploid mouse chimeras. AB - We have previously proposed that mice trisomic for chromosome 16 will provide an animal model of human trisomy 21 (Down syndrome). However, the value of this model is limited to some extent because trisomy 16 mouse fetuses do not survive as live-born animals. Therefore, in an effort to produce viable mice with cells trisomic for chromosome 16, we have used an aggregation technique to generate trisomy 16 diploid (Ts 16 2n) chimeras. A total of 79 chimeric mice were produced, 11 of which were Ts 16 2n chimeras. Seven of these Ts 16 2n mice were analyzed as fetuses, just prior to birth, and 4 were analyzed as live-born animals. Unlike nonchimeric Ts 16 mouse fetuses which die shortly before birth with edema, congenital heart disease, and thymic and splenic hypoplasia, all but 1 of the Ts 16 2n animals were viable and phenotypically normal. The oldest of the live-born Ts 16 2n chimeras was 12 months old at the time of necropsy. Ts 16 cells, identified by coat color, enzyme marker, and/or karyotype analyses, comprised 50-60% of the brain, heart, lung, liver, and kidney in the 7 Ts 16 2n chimeric fetuses and 30-40% of these organs in the 4 live-born Ts 16 2n animals. Ts 16 cells comprised an average of 40% of the thymus and 80% of the spleen in the Ts 16 2n chimeras analyzed as fetuses, with no evidence of thymic or splenic hypoplasia. However, we observed a marked deficiency to Ts 16 cells in the blood, spleen, thymus, and bone marrow of live-born Ts 16 2n chimeras as compared to 2n 2n controls. These results demonstrate that although the Ts 16 2n chimeras were, with one exception, viable and phenotypically normal, each animal contained a significant proportion of trisomic cells in a variety of tissues, including the brain. Furthermore, our results suggest that although the abnormal development of Ts 16 thymus and spleen cells observed in Ts 16 fetuses is largely corrected in Ts 16 2n fetuses, Ts 16 erythroid and lymphoid cells have a severe proliferative disadvantage as compared to diploid cells in older live-born Ts 16 2n chimeras. Ts 16 2n chimeric mice will provide a valuable tool for studying the functional consequences of aneuploidy and may provide insight into the mechanisms by which trisomy 21 leads to developmental abnormalities in man. PMID- 6229438 TI - Diabetes induction by subdiabetogenic doses of streptozotocin in BALB/cBOM mice. Noninvolvement of host B-lymphocyte functions. AB - Multiple subdiabetogenic doses of streptozotocin induce an insulin-dependent progressive hyperglycemia in genetically susceptible strains of mice. We have shown previously that T-cell-dependent autoimmune mechanisms play an obligatory role in this model of diabetogenesis by demonstrating that athymic nude mice and lethally irradiated euthymic mice are selectively resistant to diabetes induction and that the susceptibility can be reconstituted by grafting thymus in nude mice or by giving B-cell-depleted splenic lymphocytes to the irradiated mice. In this report we investigate more directly the possible role of host B-cell functions in the induction of hyperglycemia. Mice were rendered selectively deficient in functional B lymphocytes by repeated injections of a polyclonal antiserum against mouse IgM, starting immediately after birth. These B-cell-suppressed mice had no detectable ability to produce antibodies against a test antigen but appeared to have normal levels of T cells. When treated with multiple low doses of streptozotocin, they developed progressive hyperglycemia in a manner indistinguishable from control mice with normal B-cell functions. These results suggest that host B cells, in contrast to host T cells, are not etiologically involved in the development of diabetes induced by multiple subdiabetogenic doses of streptozotocin. PMID- 6229439 TI - Chemiluminescence as an index of drug-induced free radical production in pancreatic islets. AB - Chemiluminescence induced in isolated islets from rat pancreas by the diabetogenic drugs, alloxan and streptozotocin, has been measured. The assay system consisted of 3 microM of luminol, 10 islets, and 100 microM of alloxan or 500 microM of streptozotocin in 5 ml Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate buffer containing 16 mM of Hepes (pH 7.4). Alloxan-induced chemiluminescence appeared very rapidly and lasted more than 5 min. On the other hand, streptozotocin failed to produce chemiluminescence over a period of 60 min after addition. The presence of superoxide dismutase (1000 U/ml) and/or catalase (100 U/ml) markedly suppressed alloxan-induced chemiluminescence. These results suggest that alloxan acts as an exogenous free radical generator in pancreatic islets, but that streptozotocin does not. The involvement of superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide in production of chemiluminescence by alloxan suggests that the hydroxyl radical may mediate this chemiluminescence. PMID- 6229440 TI - The adult fast isozyme of myosin is present in a nerve-muscle tissue culture system. AB - Organotypic nerve-muscle cultures were prepared from foetal mouse spinal cord and adult mouse muscle fibres. In this system, the adult fibres degenerate and new myotubes form. The regenerated muscle fibres become innervated, develop cross striations, and survive for several months. We have investigated the isozymes of myosin present in these muscle fibres using histochemistry and immunocytochemistry with antibodies to rat embryonic, neonatal, and adult fast myosins. We demonstrate that some of the regenerated fibres contain adult fast but not embryonic or neonatal myosin. This is the first demonstration of the production of adult myosin heavy chain in tissue culture. This system therefore offers the possibility for further study of the development of adult myosin isoforms in vitro. PMID- 6229442 TI - [Clinical aspects and diagnostic criteria in non-obstructive symmetric hypertrophic myocardiopathy]. AB - We describe the clinical data, the standard and Holter electrocardiographic observations, the carotid pulse tracings, the M-mode and B-mode echocardiographic findings and the left ventriculographic aspects of 21 patients with non obstructive symmetric hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (NOSHCM). NOSHCM was diagnosed when there was echocardiographic and/or left ventriculographic evidence of septal and posterior wall hypertrophy without signs of left ventricular outflow destruction (LVOTO). Compared to the asymmetric hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (AHOCM), NOSHCM reveals reduced excursion of the posterior wall of the left ventricle, whereas patients with AHOCM have more frequently systolic murmurs and carotid pulse changes suggestive of LVOTO. Proper classification and treatment of NOSHCM are discussed. PMID- 6229441 TI - Relationships between histological and functional indices of acute chemically induced nephrotoxicity. AB - Acute renal injury was produced in rats with K2Cr2O7 (5-40 mg/kg, sc) HgCl2 (0.5 5.0 mg/kg, sc) or cephaloridine (0.5-3.0 g/kg, sc). Histological (percentage of normal, degenerated or necrotic cells) and functional indices (relative kidney weight, renal cortical slice accumulation of organic ions, and blood urea nitrogen content) were evaluated 48 hours later. The relative sensitivity of each of these indices was determined for each nephrotoxicant. Renal cortical accumulation of organic ions appeared to be the most sensitive of the functional parameters. A quantitative histological evaluation was found to be as sensitive an indicator of nephrotoxicity as organic ion accumulation. Alterations in each of the functional indices were significantly correlated with changes in renal histology. PMID- 6229443 TI - [In vitro antibacterial action of norfloxacin]. PMID- 6229444 TI - Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with inflammatory bowel disease exhibit normal function in the allogeneic and autologous mixed leukocyte reaction and cell-mediated lympholysis. AB - We have examined the T-cell functional capabilities of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 32 active or inactive patients with ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease by examining blastogenic responsiveness in the allogeneic and autologous mixed leukocyte reaction and cytotoxic capabilities in cell-mediated lympholysis. Severely ill, malnourished, or preoperative patients, or patients being treated with greater than 10 mg of prednisone per day were excluded from study. Studies using the allogeneic mixed leukocyte reaction revealed no decreased responsiveness by inflammatory bowel disease peripheral blood cells. In cell-mediated lympholysis, healthy control peripheral blood mononuclear cells exhibited 17% cytotoxicity, and there was no significant difference in killing exhibited by patients with inflammatory bowel disease. In study of the autologous mixed leukocyte reaction, cells were separated using techniques that included exposure to xenoantigens (fetal calf serum and sheep red blood cells), and peripheral blood cells from inflammatory bowel disease patients did not exhibit major defects in responsiveness. Therefore, in these experiments, we have detected no significant depression in three major T-cell functions by peripheral blood cells in moderately ill patients with ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease. We conclude that defects in these capabilities may not be primarily causative in the immunopathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease or the increased incidence of cancer seen in ulcerative colitis. Instead, when defects in these T-cell functions are observed, they may be influenced by the techniques used or may represent secondary in vitro immunologic events related to disease severity, inflammation, medications, or other causes that are not specific for inflammatory bowel disease. PMID- 6229445 TI - Hypogammaglobulinemia due to abnormal suppressor T-cell activity in Crohn's disease. AB - Two patients are described who initially developed Crohn's disease followed by hypogammaglobulinemia. The immunologic profile of both was typical of acquired common variable hypogammaglobulinemia. The peripheral blood lymphocytes of neither patient were able to synthesize immunoglobulin when cultured with pokeweed mitogen in vitro nor were cultures containing mixtures of purified B cells and T cells. A potent suppressor T cell was present in the peripheral blood of both patients that was able to completely suppress immunoglobulin synthesis in cultures of normal B cells and T cells. When the patients' B cells were highly purified and appropriately stimulated in vitro, they were able to synthesize immunoglobulin, providing strong evidence that the circulating suppressor T cell was mediating the hypogammaglobulinemia. We have previously shown that many patients with Crohn's disease have a circulating "covert" suppressor T cell that is not expressed in cultures of unfractionated peripheral blood lymphocytes, but which becomes apparent after isolation of their T cells on antiimmunoglobulin columns. We conclude that these 2 patients represent instances in which the "covert" suppressor T cell of Crohn's disease has become overtly active in the systemic circulation and has resulted in hypogammaglobulinemia. PMID- 6229446 TI - [Seasonal changes in the hemostasis system of young children in a hot climate]. PMID- 6229447 TI - The effect of creatine on the developed tension and metabolic kinetics of isolated rabbit atria after prolonged cold storage. AB - During 14 days of cold storage the mechanical and metabolic functions and sarcolemmal enzyme activities were markedly decreased. Creatine significantly suppressed such decrease in oxygen consumption and preserved the ability to reproduce high energy phosphates from low temperature, resulted in recovery of mechanical activity by rewarming. However, cation transport enzymes, Na+, K+- and Ca2+-ATPase, were not affected, These results suggest the protective action of creatine on mammalian myocardium under cold storage. PMID- 6229448 TI - The clinical concept of chronic pain. AB - In this article, the authors present a rationale for considering pain to be a major health problem in the United States, based on epidemiologic data. They then define the nature of pain disorders in terms of their acute and chronic forms. By extending the definition of pain into a psychogenic/organic dichotomy, the authors introduce the concept of personality variables and psychodynamic considerations that have been attributed to patients with chronic pain. Finally, the overlap and evidence for depression as a coexisting variable with chronic pain is considered. Throughout the article, the authors are arguing implicitly for a multimodal approach to therapy. PMID- 6229449 TI - Therapeutic effects of antidepressants in chronic pain. AB - Depression and chronic pain syndromes are often associated. Over the last twenty years there has been a number of controlled and uncontrolled studies evaluating the efficacy of antidepressants in various pain problems. The administration of antidepressant medications in the management of chronic pain has become a commonly prescribed therapeutic modality in the treatment of this complex syndrome. This paper reviews the clinical studies in which antidepressants have been used to control chronic pain, summarizes the results of the clinical studies, and comments on the mechanism of action of antidepressants in chronic pain. PMID- 6229450 TI - [Vitamin para-aminobenzoic acid inhibits development of SOS function in tif-1 mutants of Escherichia coli at nonpermissive temperatures]. AB - The development of "SOS" inducible functions in lysogenic and non-lysogenic strains of Escherichia coli tif-1 sfiA11 (lambda) at nonpermissive temperature of 42 degrees C was strongly suppressed by para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA). The rate of prophage lambda induction decreased 400 times, as compared to the control level; the efficiency of W-reactivation of UV-irradiated phage lambda decreased 37.5 to 16%. PABA also inhibited to some extent (1.5 times) the process of inducible recombination on the RecF pathway. The processes of spontaneous lambda induction and W-reactivation, as well as spontaneous recombination on RecBC and RecF pathways, were not influenced by PABA. The above data are in accordance with previous studies of PABA action when the manifestation of "SOS" functions was induced by chemical mutagens. The action of PABA has been tentatively interpreted on the basis of negative control of "SOS" repair pathway. PMID- 6229451 TI - Infectious poxvirus vectors have capacity for at least 25 000 base pairs of foreign DNA. AB - To test the capacity of poxviruses for added foreign DNA, a recombinant was constructed that contains 24 700 bp of bacteriophage lambda DNA inserted within the vaccinia virus thymidine kinase (TK) gene. The recombinant is stable, infectious and replicates in tissue culture at the same rate and to the same titer as standard vaccinia virus. This size flexibility of the poxvirus genome and the lack of stringent packaging requirements are useful features for an infectious eukaryotic cloning vector. PMID- 6229452 TI - Escherichia coli plasmid vectors for high-level regulated expression of the bacteriophage lambda xis gene product. AB - The bacteriophage lambda Xis protein is one of the proteins required for site specific excisive recombination by which the lambda prophage is excised from the Escherichia coli bacterial chromosome. We cloned the lambda xis gene under the control of several prokaryotic promoters to obtain a sufficient source of the protein for biochemical studies. Our results demonstrate that E. coli lac promoter and lambda pL promoter fusions to the xis gene produce high levels of Xis protein. Induction of the expression vectors results in a 10- to 50-fold increase in Xis activity. In addition, one of these plasmids allows the control of xis expression in vivo. PMID- 6229453 TI - Clone bank of Nicotiana tabacum chloroplast DNA: mapping of the alpha, beta and epsilon subunits of the ATPase coupling factor, the large subunit of ribulosebisphosphate carboxylase, and the 32-kDal membrane protein. AB - All of the PstI restriction fragments of the chloroplast DNA of Nicotiana tabacum have been cloned in the plasmid vector pBR322. The cloned fragment sizes range from 0.8 to 26 kb, are stable, and can be amplified by chloramphenicol with varying efficiencies. Using these clones we have detailed a PstI physical map of the tobacco chloroplast genome. Selected clones of SalI, BamHI and PstI fragments were used to localize the map positions of the alpha, beta, and epsilon subunits of the chloroplast ATPase coupling factor, the large subunit of ribulosediphosphate carboxylase and the 32-kDal membrane protein. The gene products of these clones were characterized by RNA transcript sizing, immunoprecipitation of maxicell-directed protein synthesis, and hybrid-arrested translation. PMID- 6229454 TI - Cloning of Herpesvirus saimiri DNA fragments representing the entire L-region of the genome. AB - Purified particles of Herpesvirus saimiri, a potent tumor-eliciting virus of primates, contain genomic DNA molecules (145-170 kb) consisting of a unique L-DNA region (112 kb) which is flanked by variable stretches of repetitive sequences (H DNA). Restriction fragments representing the entire L-DNA of H. saimiri strain No. 11 were cloned in plasmid and bacteriophage vectors. The internal fragments of L-DNA generated by the enzymes EcoRI and KpnI were inserted into plasmid pACYC184, cosmid pJC81, or bacteriophage lambda derivative Charon 4A. The terminal parts of L-DNA, including the junctions between repetitive DNA and unique sequences, were cloned between the cleavage sites for KpnI and SmaI in the plasmid vector pWD7, which was constructed for this purpose. Molecular cloning allowed us to confirm and modify, in part, the existing cleavage maps of H. saimiri DNA. It provides a basis for future studies on virus replication and oncogenic transformation. PMID- 6229455 TI - [Difference in the effects of antitussive drugs on respiration and cough reflex]. AB - In order to understand the relationship between the cough and respiratory centers in the brain stem, we investigated the effects of antitussive drugs such as codeine, dextromethorphan, eptazocine and fominoben on respiratory movement and the cough reflex. Coughs were induced using electrical stimulation of the central cut end of the right superior laryngeal nerve in lightly anesthetized dogs. The drugs were administered intraarterially into the vertebral artery. Rate (RR), amplitude (RA) and volume (RV) of the respiration and number (NC) and amplitude (AC) of the cough reflex evoked were measured as indices. Codeine produced a decrease in RR, RV and NC at 0.3 mg and, additionally, AC at 1 mg. Dextromethorphan increased RR and RV and rather enhanced NC and AC at 0.3 mg, but the agent reduced NC and AC at 3 mg even if it increased RR and RV. Eptazocine produced decreases in RA, NC and AC at 1 mg, and, additionally, RV at 10 mg. Fominoben increased RR, RA and RV dose-dependently at 0.3-3 mg, although it depressed NC and AC at 3 mg. These findings suggest that the thresholds for the cough responses and respiratory responses to antitussive drugs are different from drug to drug and that the respiratory centers and cough center in the brain stem are affected in a different manner even qualitatively. PMID- 6229456 TI - Inhibition of ochratoxin A teratogenesis by zearalenone and diethylstilboestrol. AB - The modifying effect of zearalenone (ZEN) and diethylstilboestrol (DES) on ochratoxin A (OCT A) teratogenesis was investigated in the mouse. The three compounds, either individually or in combination (OCT A + ZEN or OCT A + DES), were administered orally on day 9 of pregnancy and the offspring were examined on day 19. All of the foetuses surviving exposure to ZEN (5-20 mg/kg body weight) or DES (0.125 mg/kg) were morphologically normal, while a high percentage (31-40%) of those exposed to OCT A (1-2 mg/kg) exhibited gross abnormalities such as exencephaly, open eyelids and microphthalmia. These effects were either not seen or occurred in a relatively small percentage when the toxin was combined with ZEN or DES. The results indicate that these non-steroidal oestrogenic substances of mycological (ZEN) and synthetic (DES) origin may protect the foetus from the teratogenic effects of OCT A by some unknown mechanism. PMID- 6229457 TI - In vitro study of embryotoxic and dysmorphogenic effects of mercuric chloride and methylmercury chloride in the rat. AB - Rat-embryo explants removed on day 10.5 of gestation were cultured for 48 hr in various concentrations of HgCl2, CH3HgCl or glutathione. Dose-related dysmorphogenesis and growth retardation occurred with increasing concentrations of HgCl2 (1-10 microM). Increasing concentrations of CH3HgCl (3-100 microM) produced a similar pattern of embryonic effects. The rat-serum incubation medium had no detectable level of reduced glutathione (less than 0.02 mM) and only 0.12 mM total sulphydryl groups. Reduced glutathione (60-300 microM) added to the incubation medium was relatively non-toxic. The addition of exogenous glutathione to culture medium containing HgCl2 partially antagonized the embryonic growth retardation and prevented most of the embryolethality observed in cultures to which only HgCl2 had been added. PMID- 6229458 TI - [Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of carotid stenoses]. AB - The use of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty for the treatment of stenoses of the carotid artery in three patients is reported. In two cases, the artery could be dilated to its original lumen and in the third a significant dilatation was achieved. PMID- 6229459 TI - [Improved access to the superficial femoral artery in PTA using a Tuohy cannula]. AB - Description of a new needle well suited for problem cases in percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of the superficial femoral artery. This needle facilitates probing of the vessel in antegrade puncture and makes sliding off into the deep femoral artery less likely. PMID- 6229460 TI - [Biological protective mechanisms during pregnancy]. PMID- 6229461 TI - [Inhibitory effect of protease on glucosyltransferase activity of Streptococcus mutans strain K1-R]. PMID- 6229462 TI - [Measurement of human seminal components and its medicolegal application]. AB - Microdeterminations for low molecular compounds highly contained in human seminal plasma, i. e., dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S), spermine (Sp) and citric acid (CA) have been established. Experimental studies were carried out on application of these methods to identification of semen from cadaveric vaginae more than a few days after death. DHEA-S was measured by radioimmunoassay using anti-DHEA-S-17-hydrazone conjugated bovine serum albumin rabbit antiserum. Sp and CA were determined spectrophotometrically with monoamine oxidase and with citrate lyase, oxalacetate decarboxylase and pyruvate oxidase, respectively. DHEA-S and its cross-reacting materials were contained little in saliva, moderately in semen and vaginal contents and largely in serum and urine. By the above method Sp was not detectable in other body fluids except semen. CA was contained not only largely in semen but also a little in other body fluids. DHEA-S and Sp in the seminal fluid allowed to stand at room temperature were relatively stable during a month, whereas CA became undetectable in 10 days, all of which being persistent in seminal stain during at least one month. From these results the colorimetry of Sp among the three methods above mentioned was found to be most reliable for detecting seminal fluid from vaginal contents of a putrefied cadaver. PMID- 6229463 TI - Selective alteration of secretin-stimulated cardiac adenylate cyclase activity in streptozotocin-diabetic rats. AB - Secretin stimulation of adenylate cyclase activity in heart membranes was selectively altered in streptozotocin-diabetic adult male rats suffering from moderately severe diabetes, 40 days after i.v. streptozotocin administration (40 mg/kg body weight). The efficacy of secretin was reduced by 55% whilst its potency was unaffected. By contrast, the stimulation of adenylate cyclase by NaF, GTP, Gpp(NH)p, D,L-isoproterenol, and glucagon remained normal. The present data, together with the markedly reduced secretin response of cardiac adenylate cyclase in genetically obese (fa/fa) Zucker rats might indicate that hypoinsulinemia and insulin resistance both reduce the number of secretin receptors coupled to the adenylate cyclase system, an alteration whose contribution to diabetic cardiomyopathy remains to be determined. PMID- 6229464 TI - Dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DS), dehydroepiandrosterone (D) and "free" dehydroepiandrosterone (FD) in the plasma of patients with thyroid diseases. PMID- 6229465 TI - Cholestasis induced by estradiol-17 beta-D-glucuronide: mechanisms and prevention by sodium taurocholate. AB - Estradiol-17 beta-D-glucuronide (E-17G), a metabolite of natural estrogen, is a potent cholestatic agent in vivo. We, therefore, studied the mechanisms of E-17G cholestasis using in vitro perfused rat liver system. Furthermore, since it has been postulated that sodium taurocholate (TC) may interfere with either uptake or biliary excretion of other steroid agents, we tested whether E-17G cholestasis could be modified by TC administration. During a constant infusion of TC at a physiological rate (0.50 mumole per min), a dose-dependent decrease of bile flow was observed after E-17G addition from 1.5 to 5 X 10(-5) M. E-17G decreased bile acid excretory rate but not bile acid concentration in bile. In separate experiments, TC was infused at different rates (0, 0.25, 0.50, and 0.75 mumole per min) into the perfusate over the entire experimental period, and E-17G was added at 1.75 X 10(-5) M. In this setting, E-17G cholestasis was diminished by increasing TC infusion rate and was prevented by TC at 0.75 mumole per min. Infusion of sodium dehydrocholate (0.75 mumole per min), a nonmicelle-forming bile acid, did not prevent E-17G cholestasis. During E-17G cholestasis, an increased biliary permeability to 14C-sucrose was observed. This effect was also prevented by TC, but not by sodium dehydrocholate which was infused at 0.75 mumole per min. The perfusate disappearance curves of 3H-E-17G at the different TC infusion rates showed no changes in the initial uptake phase, but a profound dose-dependent difference in the excretory phase.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6229466 TI - Immunohistology and aetiology of histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis. Report of three instructive cases. AB - Three cases of histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis are reported. Two patients came from Vietnam and the third from Greece. In all cases there was infection with yersinia enterocolitica of serogroup 9 or 3. Cervical lymph nodes were examined. Histologically, the characteristic necrosis developed in large foci of so-called T-associated plasma cells. Immunological analysis showed that these cells have characteristic markers of helper/inducer T cells, but do not express sheep erythrocyte receptors. The T-associated plasma cells perished by pyknosis and were then phagocytosed and digested by macrophages, which were present in large numbers. The necrotic areas were exclusively located in hyperplastic T regions. The B-cell system did not play a role in the reaction. T-associated plasma cells have been renamed 'plasmacytoid T cells' because they contain abundant rough endoplasmic reticulum ('plasmacytoid') and show immunological features of T cells. It appears likely that plasmacytoid T cells are the counterparts of plasma cells of the B-cell system that secrete lymphokines instead of immunoglobulin. PMID- 6229467 TI - Immune complex crescentic glomerulonephritis associated with pulmonary aspergillosis. AB - We describe a case of immune complex crescentic glomerulonephritis associated with invasive pulmonary Aspergillus fumigatus infection. Immunofluorescent and immunoperoxidase investigations showed the presence of Aspergillus fumigatus antigen in the glomerular immune complexes. PMID- 6229469 TI - An artifact in evaluation of paternal age trends for Down syndrome. PMID- 6229468 TI - Idiopathic cardiomyopathy: the pathologic roles of arteriolopathy. AB - Structural alterations and pathologic features of arteriolopathy of the heart were studied in 12 patients with idiopathic cardiomyopathy, five with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HOCM), and seven with congestive cardiomyopathy (COCM). The patients, six men and six women, ranged in age from 25 to 66 years. Diagnoses of idiopathic cardiomyopathy were confirmed clinically and at autopsy. Heart weights ranged from 350 to 700 g. Dilatative hypertrophy of both ventricles was observed in four patients, dilatation of both ventricles in six patients, and concentric hypertrophy of the left ventricle in two patients. The ventricular septa ranged in thickness from 7 to 27 mm, and the septal:free wall ratios ranged form 1.0 to 1.8. The lumens of extramural coronary arteries showed less than 30 per cent narrowing. Sections of the heart and all body organs were examined. The myocardia showed microscopic areas of hypertrophy, degeneration and disorganization of muscle cells, interstitial fibrosis, and various features of arteriolopathy. Histometric studies showed that hypertrophy of muscle cells was greater in HOCM than in COCM, that the content of connective tissue in the myocardium was higher in COCM, and that interstitial fibrosis was greater in the epicardial zone than in the endocardial zone in COCM but was greater in the endocardial zone in HOCM. Of the arteriolar changes, those of smooth muscle cells and internal elastic lamina were observed most frequently; no arteriolar narrowing or stenosis was observed in either HOCM or COCM. The correlation between the frequency of arteriolopathy (loss of smooth muscle cells in the media) and myocardial interstitial fibrosis was significant in COCM (P less than 0.05) but not in HOCM. No significant correlations were found between arteriolopathy and age, the duration of symptoms, the cause of death, the heart weight, the thickness of the septum or posterior free wall, the septal:free wall ratio, the presence of disorganized cells in the septum, mural thrombi, the mean muscle cell diameter, or the extent of very hypertrophic cells (P greater than 0.05) in either HOCM or COCM. PMID- 6229470 TI - Polymorphonuclear leukocyte regulation of lymphocyte proliferation and differentiation. AB - The polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) regulates in vivo and in vitro immune responses. We report that the immunoenhancing properties of PMN culture supernatants from PMN recruited by the bacterium Actinomyces viscosus (AV) show its exclusive effects on the T cell lymphocyte population. A study of the effect of PMN supernatants on normal Balb/c splenocytes to T and B cell mitogens showed enhancing effects on T cell mitogens, but no effect on B cell mitogen responses when compared to a control. Adherent cells (macrophages) were not required for the enhancing effect, indicating that the supernatant worked directly on the T cell. Proliferation of El-4, a Lyt-1.2 positive lymphoma helper cell, was directly affected by these supernatants. Functionally, T cell-dependent plaque forming cell responses to sheep red blood cells (SRBC) were enhanced. The polyclonal, T cell-independent plaque-forming cell response was unaffected when generated with LPS as assayed with Protein-A-SRBC. These results indicate that PMN supernatants from cells recruited by AV act on a helper T cell population to enhance both proliferation and differentiation in lymphocyte populations. These interactions provide insight into local inflammatory responses of PMN-lymphocyte infiltration with altered cell-mediated immunity. PMID- 6229471 TI - The instability of membrane markers expressed by human monocytes and macrophages in culture. AB - Surface markers were tested on freshly isolated human monocytes and following their in vitro maturation to macrophages. The markers tested were HLA-DR antigens, receptors for the Fc of IgG and complement as well as membrane markers defined by monoclonal antibodies. The results revealed a dynamic expression of some of the markers on monocytes which was influenced by several variables. The expression of the markers was modulated by the presence of different sera, by treatment with lymphokines and interferon and following the in vitro maturation of monocytes to macrophages. The most unstable marker was found to be the HLA-DR, which was modulated by all these variables. The 63D3 was affected by different sera and culture supernatant, as well as following the maturation of monocytes to macrophages, but not by lymphokines and interferon. One of the markers, the Mac 120, was found to be relatively stable and did not change significantly following the maturation of monocytes to macrophages. The Fc and complement receptors were also stable in their expression under these conditions, but were probably partially blocked in the presence of human serum. These results indicated that at least some of the heterogeneity related to the monocyte population was probably not due to the occurrence of stable subsets of cells, but rather to reversible changes in marker expression. PMID- 6229472 TI - Characteristics of human mononuclear cell fractions separated on the basis of theophylline sensitivity of E rosette forming ability. AB - T lymphocytes may be separated into theophylline-sensitive (Tsens) and theophylline-resistant (Tres) fractions based on their loss or retention of ERFC forming ability after incubation with 3 mM theophylline. It has been claimed that Tsens cells have a predominant suppressor function, whilst Tres cells have mainly helper activity. We have studied the sensitive and resistant fractions to ascertain their degree of homogeneity with regard to putative markers for helper and suppressor function. Incubation with theophylline caused no significant change in the expression of OKT3, OKT4, OKT8, and OKM1 antigens. Compared to Tsens, Tres contained significantly more cells expressing OKT4 or Leu 3A antigens and cells bearing Fc mu receptors or containing Gall bodies. The Tsens fraction was enriched for cells with Fc gamma receptors but not for cells expressing OKT8 or LEU 2A. The results suggest that the Tres fraction is enriched for cells with putative helper markers and that the Tsens fraction is enriched for cells with some suppressor markers but also contains a large number of cells of monocytic lineage. However, the two fractions are not homogeneous with respect to Fc receptor status, presence of Gall bodies or antigens defined by OKT or Leu antisera, hence the use of theophylline sensitivity as a means of estimating the sizes of the helper and suppressor populations does not seem advisable. PMID- 6229473 TI - Helper T cell activity demonstrated by thymic nurse T cells (TNC-T). AB - Culture supernatants of mixed lymphocyte reactions (MLR) between AKR thymic nurse T cells (TNC-T) as responders and irradiated DBA/2 spleen cells as stimulators, induce significant proliferation of concanavalin A (Con A)-stimulated DBA/2 thymocytes. The culture supernatants of MLRs using extra-TNC thymocytes (ET) as responders do not show this activity, and the addition of thymus epithelium did not enable a response to take place. Again, unlike ET, TNC-T cells could also give a positive allogeneic response. Irradiated AKR TNC-T cells stimulated allogeneic BALB/c spleen B cells to produce immunoglobulin. These observations indicate that cells in the TNC-T pool are more mature than those in the ET pool. PMID- 6229474 TI - Analysis of the T suppressor cell circuit which regulates contact sensitivity in mice infected with the virus of Newcastle disease. AB - The interaction between the virus of Newcastle disease (NDV) and the different cellular elements involved in the T suppressor cell circuit which regulates the expression phase of contact sensitivity has been investigated. NDV does not interfere with the production of the antigen-specific T suppressor factor (TsF) but inhibits its binding to T acceptor cells (Tacc). This cell when armed with TsF and exposed to the antigen corresponding to TsF releases a non-specific inhibitor of the transfer of contact sensitivity. More detailed analysis of the effect of NDV on the Tacc system showed that not only Tacc activity is impaired by NDV, but also the ability of antigen presenting cells (APC) to trigger Tacc armed with TsF is inhibited. The impairment of APC activity by NDV has been also investigated using another system, such as the induction of contact sensitivity by footpad cell transfer. The possibility that a virus-induced membrane modification might be responsible for the effect of NDV on the regulation of contact sensitivity is discussed. PMID- 6229476 TI - Suppression of the mixed lymphocyte reaction by alloantigen-primed and stimulated human spleen lymphocytes. AB - This communication examines the ability of T cell-enriched preparations from human spleen to suppress lymphocyte proliferation following activation in the mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR). To enable the generation of a subsequent responding MLR between identical partners to those employed in the initial (stimulating) MLR, spleen T cells were frozen at the time of the first culture. Spleen T cells, stimulated in this way, showed a marked ability to suppress human MLR responses, but HLA-D identity was required for the full expression of suppressor activity. The characteristics of the spleen MLR-induced suppressor T cell resemble closely those described for MLR-generated suppressor T cells in human peripheral blood. PMID- 6229475 TI - Defective repertoire of proliferative T cells during lymphatic regeneration. AB - Proliferative T cell responses against syngeneic (SMLC) and allogeneic (alloMLC) non-T cells were investigated during the splenic regeneration after an injection of a sublethal dose (300 mg/kg) of cyclophosphamide (Cy). Two days after Cy injection spleen contained no cells capable of proliferative responses. T cells from the regenerating spleens (on day 6-8) had a defective proliferative capacity: the reactivity in the SMLC was at the normal level while alloreactivity was negative. The alloMLC appeared by 14 days after Cy injection, and it was still lower than the alloMLC of the normal splenic T cells. Responding cells of the SMLC in the regenerating phase belonged to the Ly-1+2- cell population: anti Ly-1 antibody + complement (C) diminished the SMLC by 80%, anti-Ly-2 antibody + C had no effect on the responsiveness of the regenerating T cells. The stimulation of this SMLC was less dependent on splenic adherent cells than the normal SMLC. The significance of these data to the origin of alloreactivity and to the role of the SMLC in the cytotoxic T cell responses are discussed. PMID- 6229478 TI - [Periodontal problems in leukemia patients (apropos of 48 cases). Methods of hygiene and prevention]. PMID- 6229477 TI - HLA class I specific T lymphocyte clones with dual alloreactive functions. AB - Four human T lymphocyte clones exhibiting proliferative responses to class I HLA antigens were isolated from an in vitro mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC). Three clones expressed the Leu-2+3- phenotype and demonstrated proliferation in response to HLA-B8, while the fourth clone expressed the Leu-2-3+ phenotype and proliferated in response to HLA-A2. These clones were also cytotoxic towards cells bearing the same target antigens. Blocking studies utilizing monoclonal antibodies demonstrated that proliferation was triggered by determinants on the class I molecule itself, and these determinants appear to be spatially close to those which determine serologic allospecificity. These findings support the concept that the class I molecules themselves are the weak MLC stimulating determinants previously mapped to the HLA-A and B regions of the major histocompatibility complex. PMID- 6229479 TI - [Special aspects of emergencies and resuscitation in children in dental practice]. PMID- 6229480 TI - And who shall be the gatekeeper? The role of the primary physician in the health care delivery system. AB - In a speech at the Duke University Medical Center, the author discussed the growing interest in a primary care "gatekeeper" to monitor and/or control patient use of hospital and specialist services. She pointed out that there have been advocates for such a system for over 50 years-partly to assure appropriate levels of care to the entire population, partly to reduce the costs of more expensive specialist care. She went on to discuss the issues inherent in such a concept. PMID- 6229481 TI - Measuring severity of illness to predict patient resource use within DRGs. AB - We describe a new Severity of Illness Index which predicts patient resource use within DRGs and within broad diagnostic categories. Resource use is defined by total charges, length of stay, laboratory charges, radiology charges, and routine charges. Within broad diagnostic categories, the Index explains much more variation in resource utilization than do other case mix grouping methods such as DRGs, generalized patient management paths, and staging groups. Within DRGs, the Index also predicts much of the variation in resource use. We discuss use of the Index to price cases and predict resource use in a hospital. PMID- 6229482 TI - Hospice care: perspectives on a Blue Cross Plan's community pilot program. AB - A community approach to the provision of hospice care utilizing existing community institutions in the metropolitan Washington, DC, area was started as a pilot project among three entities: the Washington Home, a licensed, skilled nursing facility, which served as the hospice inpatient unit; Georgetown University Hospital and its home care program, which were to serve as the sole referral sources; and Group Hospitalization, Inc., the local Blue Cross Plan. Insufficient referrals resulted in expansion of referral sources to include other hospice home care providers and acute care hospitals in the general community. As other community hospices developed, the Blue Cross Plan expanded the pilot program and fostered the communitywide coordination of hospice services. PMID- 6229483 TI - Blue Cross and Blue Shield of Michigan hospital laboratory on-site review project. AB - Blue Cross and Blue Shield of Michigan assessed the intensity of inpatient laboratory use for similar patients in a sample of 30 short-term hospitals in three geographic areas. Hospital records were abstracted for 1,834 patients treated in 1980 for uncomplicated (Stage 1) admissions involving eight common diagnoses. It was found that patients treated in osteopathic teaching hospitals received significantly more laboratory tests than similar patients in allopathic teaching or nonteaching hospitals. Statistically significant differences were also found among the three geographic areas in the sample. PMID- 6229484 TI - Medicaid cost containment: prospective reimbursement for long-term care. AB - Payments to long-term care facilities have risen from 38% of the national Medicaid budget in 1975 to an estimated 43% during 1983. To contain these spiraling Medicaid costs and ease the fiscal burdens facing most state governments, reform of the Medicaid reimbursement system for nursing home care is essential. This study analyzes the impact of prospective rate setting by state programs on Medicaid payment and utilization rates for long-term care. For each year between 1975 and 1982, the use of prospective reimbursement was always associated with lower Medicaid payments for long-term care without adversely affecting recipient access to care. PMID- 6229485 TI - Is there a trade-off between income and health? The case of hypertensive steelworkers in Canada. AB - It is often assumed that medical treatment creates a trade-off between good health and income; that is, an individual "pays" for good health by an income loss (at least at the early stages of treatment) compared, for example, with the no-treatment choice. We examined empirical data on hypertensive steelworkers in Canada to evaluate whether such a trade-off exists. We found none. Indeed, those who participated in a treatment program to reduce their blood pressure not only gained improved health but also made small income "gains." Our findings thus challenge the validity of the trade-off assumption and call for further studies of its generalizability. PMID- 6229486 TI - Proxy case mix measures for nursing homes. AB - Nursing home case mix measures are needed for the same purposes that spurred the intensive development of case mix measures for hospitals: management and planning decisions, organizational performance research, and reimbursement policy analysis. This paper develops and validates a pair of complementary measures that are simple to compute, are easy to interpret, and use generally available data. They are not, however, definitive. A secondary purpose of this paper is thus to galvanize the development of data bases that will give rise to superior case mix measures for nursing homes. PMID- 6229488 TI - The use and availability of medical care in health manpower shortage areas. AB - Data from the National Medical Care Expenditure Survey were used to examine access to care and utilization of health services in federally designated health manpower shortage areas (HMSAs). It was confirmed that residents of shortage areas experience some deprivation in access to care and use of services. Further analysis, however, indicated that shortage area designation has little direct effect on indicators of access and use. Factors such as income and health insurance coverage appear to be more closely associated with access and use than is an area's designation as a HMSA. The assumptions concerning access to care in federally designated shortage areas should therefore be reexamined. PMID- 6229487 TI - The effect of case mix and quality on cost differences between hospital-based and freestanding nursing homes. AB - The considerably higher cost per patient day in hospital-based compared with freestanding nursing homes is well known. In this study, data from a random sample of 1,843 patients from 78 freestanding and hospital-based nursing homes in Colorado were used to explore the extent to which this higher cost can be explained by differences in case mix and quality of care. These differences were found to be associated with approximately 40% of the difference in cost, with case mix accounting for the majority of this effect. Although these findings are based on data from one state, they strongly suggest that Medicare and Medicaid nursing home policies should take case mix into account in reimbursing hospital based and freestanding nursing homes. PMID- 6229489 TI - Technical and structural support systems and nurse utilization: systems model. AB - There are two major components to nursing support systems: technical support systems, for the distribution of supplies and medicines to patients and for communication among hospital personnel, and structural support systems, for the organization of nursing staff-RNs, LPNs, and aides-into a systematic, working assignment pattern. Four hospital studies that used different combinations of technical and structural support systems were compared for the amount of time registered nurses were able to spend on direct patient care activities. It was found that a structural support system based on the primary nursing model, coupled with a decentralized technical support system, maximized direct patient care time. PMID- 6229490 TI - Are Fc gamma receptors naturally clustered on normal human B lymphocytes? AB - The Fc gamma receptor (FcR) on normal human B lymphocytes was studied by using electron-microscopic monovalent ligands made of one ferritin (Fer) and one rabbit IgG anti-Fer. The binding of ligands was ascertained with the modified Coombs mixed antiglobulin reaction. The receptors were found clustered at 0 degree C, which was not affected even by examining the coated cells without washing away excess of the ligand solution, or by cross-linking bound ligands with a second antibody. The clusters varied in length, measuring up to 220 nm. Most of them were less than 110 nm long, and were seen as spots. When lymphocytes were preincubated with both cytochalasin B and colchicine, the clustering of FcR was not affected. Our findings show that FcR on B lymphocytes are naturally aggregated, which is not primarily mediated with the cytoskeletons made of actin microfilaments and microtubules. PMID- 6229491 TI - Experimental erythrocyte autoimmunity. IV. Differential susceptibility to irradiation of suppressor cells for anti-rat RBC antibodies and suppressor cells for mouse RBC autoantibodies. AB - Mice injected with rat erythrocytes (RBC) produce RBC autoantibodies and antibodies against rat RBC. Transfer of spleen cells from autoantibody-producing mice to syngeneic recipients before the series of rat RBC injections causes a significant delay in autoantibody production although the response against rat RBC is elevated. Here it is shown that antibodies against rat RBC are markedly increased in recipients exposed to 350 rad of whole-body irradiation before transfer of spleen cells and the injections of rat RBC. In contrast, autoantibody production remained significantly suppressed. This shows that the anti-rat RBC response is regulated, at least in part, by cells in normal mice that are abrogated by 350 rad of whole-body irradiation. PMID- 6229492 TI - The effects of cyclophosphamide on delayed hypersensitivity in rats. AB - Pretreatment of Tuck Wistar rats with cyclophosphamide (100 mg kg-1) intraperitoneally prevents the development of adjuvant-induced arthritis, experimental allergic encephalomyelitis and the delayed skin reactions after ovalbumin and Freund's incomplete adjuvant. The resistance of these rats to these stimuli is similar to that found in untreated NR Wistar rats which are resistant to dextran. However, cyclophosphamide suppresses the responses of Tuck Wistar rats to collagen-induced arthritis and sheep red blood cell agglutination, stimuli to which untreated NR Wistar rats respond. Nevertheless, the reactions of Tuck animals to the purified protein derivative of M. tuberculosis, the skin sensitisation to oxazolone, and the development of the delayed reaction after ovalbumin and Freund's complete adjuvant remain unchanged after cyclophosphamide pretreatment. The results indicate the possible existence of two separate types of delayed hypersensitivity reactions. PMID- 6229493 TI - Deficiency of the autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction in patients with autoimmune thyroid disease. AB - The proliferative response of T lymphocytes when cocultured with autologous non-T cells in the absence of any other stimulating substance has been termed the autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction (AMLR). The AMLR has been shown to be impaired in several autoimmune disorders, such as systemic lupus erythematosus, Sjogren's syndrome, and primary biliary cirrhosis. In this study we report marked deficiency in the AMLR in two autoimmune disorders: Hashimoto's and Graves' diseases. This impaired AMLR, probably related to previously described T cell subset imbalances, provides further evidence of altered interactions between the immunocompetent cellular subsets in patients with these pathological conditions. Additional preliminary observations suggest defective allogeneic mixed lymphocyte reactions as well. PMID- 6229494 TI - Stimulating effect of mercuric chloride and nickel sulfate on DNA synthesis of thymocytes and peripheral blood lymphocytes in children. AB - Mercuric chloride and, to a lower extent, nickel sulfate, stimulated DNA synthesis of both thymocytes and peripheral blood lymphocytes. The metal allergens stimulated both cell types at a lower degree than lectinic mitogens (PHA, Con A and PWM) did. In peripheral blood lymphocytes the stimulation degree was higher than in thymocytes after addition of metal allergens as well as lectinic mitogens. The presence of serum seemed to have a protective and potentiating role regarding the effect of mercuric chloride and lectinic mitogens, the effect of nickel sulfate being mainly unchanged. With increasing age of the individuals, an increase in the stimulation degree with mercuric chloride and lectinic mitogens was indicated, while nickel sulfate gave a decrease. PMID- 6229495 TI - Lymphoreticular cells isolated by centrifugal elutriation from a mammary adenocarcinoma. I. Characterization of an in situ lymphocyte suppressor population by surface markers and functional reactivity. AB - The procedure of centrifugal elutriation was evaluated as a means of purifying large numbers of in situ lymphocytes from enzymatically disaggregated mouse mammary tumors. The eluate obtained at a flow rate of 3.0 ml/min was optimal for high levels of lymphocyte recovery with low levels of contaminating tumor cells, polymorphonuclear leukocytes, and macrophages. The majority of the tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (90%) expressed the Thy 1.2 antigen, while less than 5% possessed surface immunoglobulin. Further analysis of the T lymphocyte population was accomplished by flow cytometric analysis of in situ lymphocytes stained with fluorescein-conjugated monoclonal anti-Lyt 2 antibodies. The results of such studies reveal an increase in the levels of Lyt 2+ lymphocytes within the in situ population. To determine whether these Lyt 2+ cells were functionally active as suppressor cells, the ISL1 were mixed with spleen cells from tumor bearers and then tested for their ability to respond to mitogen and TAA-induced blast transformation of tumor-bearer spleen cells. Removal of macrophages from ISL by Sephadex G-10 columns did not alter the suppression. Treatment with monoclonal anti-Lyt 1 antibody and complement did not affect the inhibition observed. However, treatment of ISL with anti-Lyt 2+ monoclonal antibody and complement resulted in the elimination of the suppressor cell activity. We concluded that within the tumor-infiltrating lymphoreticular cells there is a population of Thy 1.2+ Lyt 2.2+ lymphocytes responsible for the suppression of mitogen and tumor antigen-induced blastogenesis. PMID- 6229496 TI - Treatment of patients with disseminated colorectal cancer with recombinant human alpha 2-interferon. Studies on the immune system. AB - The influence of recombinant human alpha 2-interferon (alpha 2-IFN) therapy on various aspects of the immune system was studied in 18 patients with disseminated colorectal cancer. The IFN was given as continuous (20 X 10(6) units/m2 three times weekly) or intermittent (50 X 10(6) units/m2 daily for 5 consecutive days every 4 weeks) treatment. Natural killer (NK) cell activity increased during continuous treatment and in the patients receiving repeated cycles of IFN, all cycles seemed to be associated with an elevation of NK activity. Prior to treatment, addition of IFN to the assay in vitro induced an enhancement of NK activity, whereas during treatment, IFN in vitro did not cause any further enhancement of NK activity. The proportions of total T cells, suppressor T cells and helper T cells, as measured by Leu 1, Leu 2a and Leu 3a monoclonal antibodies, were not altered to any major extent during treatment. This was found to be the case also for the number of cells detected by monoclonal antibodies against NK cells (Leu 7). The phagocytic activity of granulocytes was not altered during IFN therapy, whereas the capacity of these cells to reduce nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) increased after the first injection of IFN. The in vivo influence of high doses of highly purified recombinant alpha 2-IFN on NK cells and granulocytes seems to be similar to that of partially purified natural IFN alpha. PMID- 6229497 TI - Premature closure of the foramen ovale and hypoplasia of the left heart. AB - Although premature closure of the foramen ovale has been proposed as a possible cause of hypoplastic left heart syndrome, very few such cases have been described. We have seen two examples of the combination and no associated malformations. In both the foramen was firmly closed on its left atrial aspect and the dimensions of the left sided structures were well below normal values. PMID- 6229498 TI - Right bundle branch block in complete transposition. AB - Two of 26 infants with complete transposition presented with complete right bundle branch block in the first year of life, and 10 showed incomplete right bundle branch block. In no instance was the right ventricular conduction anomaly related to surgery or cardiac catheterization and it was not present at birth. The two cases with complete right bundle branch block had prolonged and severe hypoxemia and markedly dilated right ventricles. One had depressed right ventricular function and died after a Mustard procedure from low output syndrome. Whereas incomplete right bundle branch block may reflect right ventricular hypertrophy, it is suggested that complete right bundle branch block in complete transposition may signify right ventricular dysfunction and possibly irreversible changes of the right ventricular myocardium. It may be a sequel of long-term hypoxemia and pressure overload. Once observed, it is perhaps an indication for an alternative surgical approach other than an intra-atrial repair procedure. PMID- 6229499 TI - Thymic hormonal activity on human peripheral blood lymphocytes, in vitro. IV. Proliferative response to allogeneic tumor cells in healthy adults and cancer patients. AB - A mixed lymphocyte tumor culture (MLTC) assay was used in order to assess thymic hormonal activity on human T-lymphocyte function. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from 55 healthy subjects and 54 immunodeficient cancer patients were incubated with the thymic extract TP-1, cultured with allogeneic tumor cells (Raji lymphoma or IgR3 melanoma cells) under limiting stimulation conditions and their proliferative response measured by 3H-thymidine incorporation. Mean proliferative response in the cancer group was lower than in the healthy group. TP-1 caused a significant enhancement of mean proliferative response, comparable in the healthy and cancer groups, under all the conditions tested. Analysis of response in the individual cases disclosed a wide scatter of TP-1 effects, including some cases of TP-1 induced suppression. A significant negative correlation between TP-1 effect and level of proliferative response in control was found: enhancement of proliferative response by TP-1 became progressively greater as control proliferative response became progressively lower. A similar pattern was noticed in the cases of TP-1 induced suppression. The negative correlation was similar for the healthy and cancer groups. These results cannot be interpreted in terms of restoration of deficient immune functions, but are compatible with an indirect, regulatory effect of TP-1 on proliferative response, exerted to a comparable degree in the healthy and immunodeficient situations. The possibility that thymic factors regulate normal immune functions, not merely restore deficient functions to normal, may have interesting clinical implications. PMID- 6229500 TI - A surgical approach for dermatosis papulosa nigra. AB - Dermatosis papulosa nigra (DPN) is a disorder commonly encountered in the adult black population. We describe 20 cases of clinicopathologically confirmed DPN cases treated with light abrasive curettage without local anesthesia. We found this procedure to be an effective therapy, which did not cause postoperative scarring or significant postoperative pigmentary change. PMID- 6229501 TI - Familial focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. AB - We have observed the nephrotic syndrome in more than one sibling in three unrelated hispanic families. The histological lesion in the involved children was either focal segmental glomerulosclerosis or IgM nephropathy evolving into focal sclerosis. Tissue typing revealed the presence of HLA DRw8 in six out of eight patients. The frequency of this antigen in our patients, when compared with its frequency in a group of unrelated normal hispanic children was highly significant (p less than 0.0001). Our study suggests that there may be a genetic predilection towards developing focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. PMID- 6229502 TI - Blood pressure response to dynamic exercise in adolescents before and after percutaneous transluminal renal artery angioplasty. AB - The blood pressure response to maximal bicycle exercise was studied using the James protocol in two adolescents with renal artery stenosis before and after percutaneous transluminal renal artery angioplasty. Prior to angioplasty, one patient (pt A) had persistent and one patient (pt B) had labile elevation of the resting blood pressure above the 95th percentile for age; both patients had elevated systolic blood pressure at maximal exercise (pt A: 215 mm Hg; James expected 170 +/- 20; pt B: 228 mm Hg; James expected 156 +/- 15). Following angioplasty, both patients had resting blood pressures below the 95th percentile for age; patient A had improved systolic pressure at maximal exercise (195 mm Hg) while patient B had persistent elevation in the exercise systolic blood pressure (215 mm Hg). Angiography confirmed the presence of residual/recurrent renal artery stenosis in patient B. We conclude that measurement of blood pressure during exercise may reveal residual abnormalities not apparent at rest and thus may be useful in assessing the result of renal artery angioplasty in children with renal artery stenosis. PMID- 6229503 TI - Splenic accumulation of [99mTc]methylene diphosphonate in sickle cell-thalassemia disease. PMID- 6229504 TI - Epidemiology of chronic renal diseases. AB - Autopsies of all uraemic patients in Leningrad for three years, and materials of the City Nephrological Service have demonstrated that the structures of nephrological diseases in their early and terminal stages were different. Chronic glomerulonephritis has been noted in patients with normal renal function just as often as chronic pyelonephritis but the former prevails considerably among the causes of uraemia. The proportion of polycystic kidney disease, amyloidosis, and diabetic nephropathy increases in patients with chronic renal failure. Due to these changes and the difference in the death age of patients with various diseases the majority of patients suitable for treatment with long-term dialysis suffer from chronic glomerulonephritis and only 14.89-20.5% from chronic pyelonephritis. PMID- 6229505 TI - Downs syndrome and maternal age. PMID- 6229507 TI - Use of the ultrasound stethoscope blood flow detector for cannulation of a weakly palpable radial artery. PMID- 6229506 TI - Chronic lumbar pain due to a localised posterior osteophytic bar. AB - The authors present 6 cases of chronic lumbar pain with sciatic radiation in young subjects caused by an osteophytic bar at a single level, and associated with disc degeneration at that level. The differentiation of this special syndrome demands special methods of radiological investigation, which are discussed. All the cases were in males engaged in heavy work. Surgical treatment, which necessitates removal of the bar as well as the degenerated disc material, gave excellent results. PMID- 6229508 TI - Breathing pattern of kittens during hypoxia. AB - In 19 pentobarbital sodium-anesthetized kittens aged 5-34 days, inspired O2 was reduced from 21 to 6-12%. Respiratory frequency (f) and tidal volume (VT) increased within 30 s. Over 5 min f fell to about 60% below control; VT usually fell but remained above control. Arterial pressure fell in 80% of trials, sometimes before f fell. Arterial CO2 was below control, but raising inspired CO2 to keep expired CO2 at control did not prevent the fall in f and VT. The relation between VT and esophageal pressure or diaphragm electromyogram (EMG) did not change consistently, nor was the ratio of high to low frequencies in the diaphragm EMG altered. Carotid chemoreceptor discharge increased within 15 s, and at 5 min it was much above control. We conclude that the change in the breathing pattern in hypoxia is probably due to the activation of a central mechanism. PMID- 6229509 TI - Effect of posture on thoracoabdominal movements during CO2 rebreathing. AB - To determine whether the rib cage and abdomen-diaphragm contributions to tidal volume (VT) during CO2 rebreathing are affected by postural change, using respiratory inductive plethysmography, we measured in eight healthy volunteers the compartmental VT responses to progressive hypercapnia in both seated and supine postures. The ventilatory, frequency, and VT responses to CO2 of the total respiratory system were not significantly different between postures. VT responses, corrected for body size, ranged from 1.67 to 3.71% vital capacity (VC) X Torr-1 (mean 2.27) in seated subjects and from 1.08 to 3.79% VC X Torr-1 (mean 2.06), in supine subjects. In both postures, the VT response of the abdominal compartment was nearly uniform among subjects and independent of the total respiratory system VT response (slope = 0.091, r = 0.210 P greater than 0.3 seated; slope = 0.043, r = 0.077, P greater than 0.3 supine), whereas the VT response of the rib cage varied among subjects and was significantly correlated to the total VT response (slope = 0.815, r = 0.84, P less than 0.01, seated; slope = 1.125, r = 0.859, P less than 0.01, supine). Thus high tidal volume responses to CO2 rebreathing are determined largely by recruitment of the rib cage compartment in both seated and supine postures. PMID- 6229510 TI - Recurrent suppurative otitis media. PMID- 6229511 TI - Medicaid cost containment in Arkansas: long term care reimbursement. PMID- 6229512 TI - Arkansas model for the School Health Curriculum Project (Berkeley Model). PMID- 6229513 TI - Post-traumatic carpal instability awareness and recognition. PMID- 6229514 TI - Environmental regulation. PMID- 6229515 TI - Urticarial vasculitis. PMID- 6229517 TI - Penicillin resistant N. gonorrhea in South Arkansas. PMID- 6229516 TI - Hypercalcemia. PMID- 6229518 TI - Recent trends in immunotherapy. PMID- 6229519 TI - A physician looks at nursing. PMID- 6229520 TI - Problems of the knee extensor mechanism. PMID- 6229521 TI - The Arkansas Venereal Disease Program historical sketch and current trends. PMID- 6229523 TI - The dysplastic nevus syndrome. PMID- 6229522 TI - The hypoplastic left heart syndrome - a treatable condition. PMID- 6229525 TI - [Value of digital angiography in the follow-up of vascular reconstructive surgery]. PMID- 6229524 TI - Siblings of handicapped children: a review. AB - Research is critically reviewed and evaluated, first, in order to determine if the presence of a handicapped child in a family uniquely affects the nonhandicapped siblings, and, second, to identify factors mediating the nature and power of those effects. In addition, projects involving sibling therapy, education, and training are described. Currently there are few well-controlled empirical investigations supporting the popular belief that, as a group, siblings are adversely affected by their handicapped brothers or sisters. Rather, only certain siblings appear to be vulnerable to negative reactions, depending on such factors as sibling sex and birth order, family socioeconomic status, and parental responses to the handicapped child. Recommendations are offered for improved research strategies and questions and for the careful evaluation of future educational and support services for siblings. PMID- 6229526 TI - [I.V. digital subtraction angiography in percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of arterial stenosis in a transplanted kidney]. PMID- 6229527 TI - D-erythrose supports nitrogenase activity in isolated Anabaena sp. strain 7120 heterocysts. AB - Among organic compounds tested for their ability to support nitrogenase activity in isolated heterocysts of Anabaena sp. strain 7120 under argon, D-erythrose (5 mM) was unique in supporting acetylene reduction at 10 times the control rates. Higher concentrations of D-erythrose exhibited substrate inhibition. At 50 kPa of H2, all concentrations of D-erythrose inhibited H2-supported acetylene reduction. The effects of D-erythrose on nitrogenase activity were explored. Erythrose enhanced 15N2 incorporation by heterocysts, but NADP+ did not enhance erythrose supported acetylene reduction. H2 protected nitrogenase from O2 inactivation, but erythrose did not; erythrose did not counter protection by H2. Tests with inhibitors of electron transport showed that erythrose-supported acetylene reduction requires electron flow through ferredoxin, a b-type cytochrome, and a 2,5-dibromo-3-methyl-6-isopropyl-p-benzoquinone-sensitive transfer agent whose electron flow is not mediated through the plastoquinone and Rieske iron protein. PMID- 6229528 TI - Characterization and comparison of a Neurospora crassa RNase purified from cultures undergoing each of three different states of derepression. AB - Extracellular RNase N4 from Neurospora crassa is derepressible by limitation of any of the three nutrient elements obtainable from RNA. We have purified and characterized the enzyme from cultures grown under each of the three states of derepression. The purification procedure consisted of an ultrafiltration step, cation-exchange chromatography, and gel filtration. We found only one enzyme (N4) that hydrolyzed RNA at pH 7.5 in the presence of EDTA in culture filtrates from nitrogen-, phosphorus-, or carbon-limited cells. In all three cases, the enzymes were identical by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (Mr approximately 9,500) and by gel filtration (Mr approximately 10,000). There were no differences in thermal stability or pH optimum; all three cross-reacted with antibody to the nitrogen depressed enzyme in interfacial ring and in Ouchterlony tests. Digestion of homopolyribonucleotides indicated that N4 preferentially cleaved phosphodiester bonds adjacent to guanine residues. Results indicate that the enzymes are very similar or identical and are probably products of the same gene. N4 appears to be homologous to guanine-specific RNases from other fungal sources. PMID- 6229529 TI - Regulation of a Neurospora crassa extracellular RNase by phosphorus, nitrogen, and carbon derepressions. AB - A new extracellular RNase, designated N4, was detected in culture filtrates from Neurospora crassa and its regulation was studied. Limitation of a nutrient obtainable from RNA alone was not sufficient to cause enzyme derepression. The addition of RNA to the medium had no inductive effect, but the addition of exogenous protein caused enzyme production. With protein in the medium, N4 was derepressible for all three elemental nutrients obtainable from RNA: carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus. Successful carbon derepression required the addition of a small amount of proteolytic activity to the cultures, as has been reported for the carbon-derepressible proteases of N. crassa. Exogenous protein affected RNase production before translation. Effects of the exogenous protein appeared similar to those previously reported for N. crassa protease induction. N4 was under the control of the nit-2 and nuc-1 gene products. nit-2 and nuc-1 mutants were unable to derepress enzyme synthesis for nitrogen and phosphorus limitation, respectively; however, these mutants responded like wild types to the other two states of derepression. Enzyme synthesis was constitutive in the preg mutant. Results indicate that the transcription of the N4 structural gene responds to multiple regulatory gene products from different regulatory circuits and that external protein affects the synthesis of classes of hydrolases other than proteases. PMID- 6229530 TI - Synergistic effect of himA and gyrB mutations: evidence that him functions control expression of ilv and xyl genes. AB - We have constructed Escherichia coli strains containing mutations at two different loci, both originally selected for failure to support lambda site specific recombination: himA and gyrB-him(Ts). Although the gyrB-him(Ts) mutations by themselves reduce supercoiling at high temperature, the double mutants show a far greater effect on supercoiling. Our studies show that growth of phage lambda is severely inhibited and that maintenance of plasmid pBR322 is extremely unstable in the double mutants. Physiological studies also reveal that the double mutants are isoleucine auxotrophs at 42 degrees C. The fact that himA mutants are isoleucine auxotrophs at 42 degrees C in the presence of leucine suggests that a significant component of the isoleucine auxotrophy of the double mutants is a result of the himA mutation. The himA gene encodes the alpha subunit of a protein called the integration host factor. Since mutations in the hip or himD gene encoding beta, the other subunit of the integration host factor, also result in isoleucine auxotrophy in the presence of leucine, we suggest that the integration host factor regulates the synthesis of at least one of the enzymes in the ilv pathway, acetohydroxyacid synthase I, which is encoded by the ilvB gene. Studies of the utilization of various sugars as the sole carbon source suggest that the integration host factor controls expression of some gene(s) involved in the utilization of xylose. PMID- 6229531 TI - Reconstitution of the receptor for immunoglobulin E into liposomes. Reincorporation of purified receptors. AB - Mast cells and related cells have on their surface receptors that bind immunoglobulin E (IgE) with high affinity and which, when aggregated, trigger exocytosis. We recently demonstrated that when these receptors are solubilized with mild detergents, their subunits dissociate unless an appropriate lipid:detergent ratio is maintained. The conditions required to maintain the receptors' integrity appeared to parallel those previously determined as necessary to obtain adequate incorporation of unpurified IgE-receptor complexes from detergent extracts into liposomes. We now show that purified IgE-receptor complexes having the full complement of subunits become preferentially inserted into liposomes. If the receptor subunits are chemically cross-linked to each other, at least some of such receptors can be incorporated, even though lipid is omitted during their purification. The findings suggest that the IgE-binding alpha subunit of the receptor is anchored to the bilayer by means of one or both of the other subunits. PMID- 6229532 TI - Dual effects of the progestin R5020 on proteins released by the T47D human breast cancer cells. AB - R5020, a synthetic progestin, regulates the production of [35S]methionine-labeled proteins released into the medium by T47D human breast cancer cells in culture, as measured by trichloroacetic acid precipitation and dodecyl hydrogen sulfate sodium salt-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Two contrasting responses were observed: (a) a rapid and specific accumulation in the medium of a newly synthesized protein of molecular weight 48,000 and (b) a subsequent general inhibition of the release of proteins within the first 6 days of treatment while the cell number was not altered. These responses were triggered by physiologically active concentrations of progestins (progesterone, R5020, medroxyprogesterone acetate) but not by other classes of steroids, and were not observed in a progesterone receptor negative cell line (BT20), indicating that they were mediated by the progesterone receptor. A progestin antagonist, RU38,486, inhibited the production of the 48-kilodalton released protein. The production of androgen-regulated proteins (43 kilodaltons, 18 kilodaltons) was also increased by dihydrotestosterone and higher concentrations of R5020. These results show that progestins specifically regulate the production of proteins in cell culture. Subsequently, R5020 also inhibit the growth of T47D cells in the presence of estradiol (Vignon, F., Bardon, S., Chalbos, D., and Rochefort, H. (1983) J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 56, 1124-1130), suggesting that the proteins released into the medium may be related to the control of cell proliferation. PMID- 6229533 TI - Enrichment of acetylated histones in polynucleosomes containing high mobility group protein 17 revealed by immunoaffinity chromatography. AB - The possibility that chromatin domains containing acetylated histones are proximal to domains containing chromosomal high mobility group protein 17 (HMG 17) has been investigated. Oligonucleosomes containing [3H]acetate-labeled histones have been immunofractionated on anti-HMG-17 IgG-Sepharose columns. Ninety-one per cent of the 3H counts present in the oligonucleosomes specifically bound to the anti-HMG-17 column. Extraction of HMG-17 from chromatin by treatment with 0.4 M NaCl abolished the specific binding of acetylated chromatin to the Sepharose columns. Autoradiographic analysis of polyacrylamide gels of the bound fraction revealed that it contained all the major acetylated histone species. We conclude that acetylated histones are present on or near nucleosomes containing protein HMG-17. PMID- 6229534 TI - Characterization of collagen hydroxylysyl glycosyltransferases as mainly intramembranous microsomal enzymes. AB - The localization of collagen hydroxylysine galactosyl- and galactosyl hydroxylysine glucosyltransferases in purified chick embryo bone microsomes was studied by differential solubilization with nonionic detergents. Brij-35 (polyoxyethylene 25-lauryl ether) which selectively releases intracisternal proteins, and Triton X-100, whose specificity varies with its concentration, were used in the presence or absence of high ionic strength NaCl. These methods were used previously to characterize prolyl hydroxylase as intracisternal and lysyl hydroxylase as mainly intramembranous. The distribution of both glycosyltransferases within microsomes was similar to that of lysyl hydroxylase; approximately 70-80% of their activities are intramembranous with the remainder intracisternal. Collagen hydroxylysine glucosyltransferase differed from prolyl and lysyl hydroxylase and the galactosyltransferase in that its activity in vitro was apparently inhibited by membrane vesicles, even in the presence of detergents at concentrations which permeabilize the membrane. Accurate measurement of its activity could be achieved only by its separation from vesicles after detergent treatment. The common location of the major portion of lysyl hydroxylase and the glycosyltransferase activities suggests that they may act as a multienzyme complex to preferentially modify certain lysyl residues in nascent procollagen chains as they traverse the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum. Since these enzymes do not act on helical collagen, their physical separation from prolyl hydroxylase may ensure that modifications of lysine residues occur prior to formation of hydroxyproline, which stabilizes the helical form. PMID- 6229535 TI - Interdependence of H+, Ca2+, and Pi (or vanadate) sites in sarcoplasmic reticulum ATPase. AB - The phosphorylation of sarcoplasmic reticulum ATPase with Pi in the absence of Ca2+ was studied by equilibrium and kinetic experimentation. The combination of these measurements was then subjected to analysis without assumptions on the stoichiometry of the reactive sites. The analysis indicates that the species undergoing covalent interaction is the tertiary complex E X Pi X Mg formed by independent interaction of the two ligands with the enzyme. The binding constant of Pi or Mg2+ to either free or partially associated enzyme is approximately equal to 10(2) M-1, and no significant synergistic effect is produced by one ligand on the binding of the other; the equilibrium constant (Keq) for the covalent reaction E X Pi X Mg E-P X Mg is approximately equal to 16, with kphosph = 53 s-1, and khyd = 3-4 s-1 (25 degrees C, pH 6.0, no K+). The phosphorylation reaction of sarcoplasmic reticulum ATPase with Pi is highly H+ dependent. Such a pH dependence involves the affinity of enzyme for different ionization states of Pi, as well as protonation of two protein residues per enzyme unit in order to obtain optimal phosphorylation. The experimental data can then be fitted satisfactorily assuming pK values of 5.7 and 8.5 for the two residues in the nonphosphorylated enzyme (changing to 7.7 for one of the two residues, following phosphorylation) and values of 50.0 and 0.58 for the equilibrium constants of the H2(E X HPO4) in equilibrium with H(E-PO3) + H2O and H(E X HPO4) in equilibrium with E-PO3 + H2O reactions, respectively. In addition to the interdependence of H+ and phosphorylation sites, an interdependence of Ca2+ and phosphorylation sites is revealed by total inhibition of the Pi reaction when two high affinity calcium sites per enzyme unit are occupied by calcium. Conversely, occupancy of the phosphate site by vanadate (a stable transition state analogue of phosphate) inhibits high affinity calcium binding. The known binding competition between the two cations and their opposite effects on the phosphorylation reaction suggest that interdependence of phosphorylation site, H+ sites, and Ca2+ sites is a basic mechanistic feature of enzyme catalysis and cation transport. PMID- 6229536 TI - Isolation and structural studies of heparan sulfates and chondroitin sulfates from three species of molluscs. AB - The isolation and some structural features of heparan sulfates and chondroitin sulfates from three species of molluscs (Pomacea sp., Tagelus gibbus, and Anomalocardia brasiliana) are reported. It is shown that heparan sulfates with structural similarities to the ones found in mammals are present in the three molluscs analyzed. All the heparan sulfates were degraded by heparitinases I and II to four distinct unsaturated disaccharides with the same properties as the ones present in heparan sulfates of mammalian origin. This suggests that these four disaccharide units are maintained through the evolution. Furthermore, the proportion of these units varied in the heparan sulfates according to the species of origin. The chondroitin sulfates, on the other hand, exhibit different structural features according to the species of origin. For instance, by the action of chondroitinase AC, 4- and nonsulfated disaccharides are produced from Pomacea chondroitin, whereas 4- and 6-sulfated disaccharides are formed from Tagelus and Anomalocardia. The possible role of these compounds in cell recognition and/or adhesiveness is discussed in view of the present findings. PMID- 6229537 TI - On the fidelity of DNA replication. The accuracy of T4 DNA polymerases in copying phi X174 DNA in vitro. AB - The fidelity with which wild type T4 DNA polymerase copies phi X174 amber 3 plus strand DNA at position 587 in vitro has been measured. Synthesis is initiated by hybridizing to the template a HaeIII restriction fragment whose 3'-OH terminus is 83 nucleotides from the amber 3 site. Based on gel electrophoresis of product DNA molecules and genetic marker rescue data, T4 DNA polymerase copies significantly beyond the mutant site. Transfection analysis shows that the A X T leads to G X C mutation at position 587 occurs 10- to 100-fold less frequently with T4 DNA polymerase than with E. coli DNA polymerase I. The aberrant incorporation of cytosine opposite adenine at position 587 by the T4 polymerase alone is occurring at a frequency not greater than about 10(-7) which, for this particular locus, may be similar to the fidelity exhibited by the T4 accessory proteins plus the polymerase comprising the replication complex. A comparison of the accuracy of mutator L56 and antimutator L141 T4 DNA polymerases relative to wild type shows at most a 2- to 4-fold decrease and increase, respectively, in fidelity. When compared to 10- to 1000-fold effects on mutation frequencies that these same mutant alleles have in vivo, these results suggest that the wide range in expression of mutator and antimutator phenotypes in vivo may be dependent on an abnormal interaction of the aberrant DNA polymerases with other protein components of the replication complex. PMID- 6229538 TI - Energetics of the calcium-transporting ATPase. AB - A thermodynamic cycle for catalysis of calcium transport by the sarcoplasmic reticulum ATPase is described, based on equilibrium constants for the microscopic steps of the reaction shown in Equation 1 under a single set of experimental (formula; see text) conditions (pH 7.0, 25 degrees C, 100 mM KCl, 5 mM MgSO4): KCa = 5.9 X 10(-12) M2, K alpha ATP = 15 microM, Kint = 0.47, K alpha ADP = 0.73 mM, K'int = 1.7, K"Ca = 2.2 X 10(-6) M2, and Kp = 37 mM. The value of K"Ca was calculated by difference, from the free energy of hydrolysis of ATP. The spontaneous formation of an acylphosphate from Pi and E is made possible by the expression of 12.5 kcal mol-1 of noncovalent binding energy in E-P. Only 1.9 kcal mol-1 of binding energy is expressed in E X Pi. There is a mutual destabilization of bound phosphate and calcium in E-P X Ca2, with delta GD = 7.6 kcal mol-1, that permits transfer of phosphate to ADP and transfer of calcium to a concentrated calcium pool inside the vesicle. It is suggested that the ordered kinetic mechanism for the dissociation of E-P X Ca2, with phosphate transfer to ADP before calcium dissociation outside and phosphate transfer to water after calcium dissociation inside, preserves the Gibbs energies of these ligands and makes a major contribution to the coupling in the transport process. A lag (approximately 5 ms) before the appearance of E-P after mixing E and Pi at pH 6 is diminished by ATP and by increased [Pi]. This suggests that ATP accelerates the binding of Pi. The weak inhibition by ATP of E-P formation at equilibrium also suggests that ATP and phosphate can bind simultaneously to the enzyme at pH 6. Rate constants are greater than or equal to 115 s-1 for all the steps in the reaction sequence to form E-32P X Ca2 from E-P, Ca2+ and [32P]ATP at pH 7. E-P X Ca2 decomposes with kappa = 17 s-1, which shows that it is a kinetically competent intermediate. The value of kappa decreases to 4 s-1 if the intermediate is formed in the presence of 2 mM Ca2+. This decrease and inhibition of turnover by greater than 0.1 mM Ca2+ may result from slow decomposition of E-P X Ca3. PMID- 6229539 TI - Phosphorylation-induced mobility shift in phospholamban in sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels. Evidence for a protein structure consisting of multiple identical phosphorylatable subunits. AB - Phosphorylation of purified phospholamban isolated from canine cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles decreased the electrophoretic mobility of the protein in sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-polyacrylamide gels. Different mobility forms of phospholamban in SDS gels were visualized both by direct protein staining and by autoradiography. Unphosphorylated phospholamban migrated with an apparent Mr = 25,000 in SDS gels; maximal phosphorylation of phospholamban by cAMP- or Ca2+-calmodulin-dependent protein kinase increased the apparent Mr to 27,000. Partial phosphorylation of phospholamban by either protein kinase gave intermediate mobility forms of molecular weights between 25,000 and 27,000, suggesting that more than one phosphorylation site was present on the holoprotein for each activity. Boiling of phospholamban in SDS dissociated the holoprotein into an apparently homogeneous class of low molecular weight "monomers." Only two mobility forms of monomeric phospholamban were observed in SDS gels after phosphorylation by cAMP-dependent protein kinase, corresponding to 9-kDa dephospho- and 11-kDa phosphoproteins. All of the 9-kDa protein could be phosphorylated and converted into the 11-kDa mobility form, suggesting the presence of only one site of phosphorylation on a single type of monomer for cAMP dependent protein kinase. Simultaneous phosphorylation of monomeric phospholamban by cAMP-dependent protein kinase and Ca2+-calmodulin-dependent protein kinase gave an additional mobility form of the protein, suggesting that different sites of phosphorylation were present for each activity on each monomer. Incomplete dissociation of the holoprotein by boiling it in a relatively low concentration of SDS facilitated the detection of five major mobility forms of the protein in SDS gels, and the mobilities of all of these forms were decreased by phosphorylation. We propose that the high molecular weight form of phospholamban is a multimer of electrophoretically indistinguishable monomers, each of which contains a different phosphorylation site for cAMP-dependent protein kinase activity and Ca2+-calmodulin-dependent protein kinase activity. Phosphorylation of phospholamban at multiple sites is responsible for the various mobility forms of the holoprotein detected in SDS-polyacrylamide gels. PMID- 6229540 TI - Brain ankyrin. Purification of a 72,000 Mr spectrin-binding domain. AB - Polypeptides of Mr = 190,000-220,000 that cross-react with erythrocyte ankyrin were detected in immunoblots of membranes from pig lens, pig brain, and rat liver. The cross-reacting polypeptides from brain were cleaved by chymotrypsin to fragments of Mr = 95,000 and 72,000 which are the same size as fragments obtained with erythrocyte ankyrin. The brain 72,000 Mr fragment associated with erythrocyte spectrin, and the binding occurred at the same site as that of erythrocyte ankyrin 72,000 Mr fragment since (a) brain 72,000 Mr fragment was adsorbed to erythrocyte spectrin-agarose and (b) 125I-labeled erythrocyte spectrin bound to brain 72,000 Mr fragment following transfer of the fragment from a sodium dodecyl sulfate gel to nitrocellulose paper, and this binding was displaced by erythrocyte ankyrin 72,000 Mr fragment. Brain 72,000 Mr fragment was purified about 400-fold by selective extraction and by continuous chromatography on columns attached in series containing DEAE-cellulose followed by erythrocyte spectrin coupled to agarose, and finally hydroxylapatite. The brain 72,000 Mr fragment was not derived from contaminating erythrocytes since peptide maps of pig brain and pig erythrocyte 72,000 Mr fragments were distinct. The amount of brain 72,000 Mr fragment was estimated as 0.28% of membrane protein or 39 pmol/mg based on radioimmunoassay with 125I-labeled brain fragment and antibody against erythrocyte ankyrin. Brain spectrin tetramer was present in about the same number of copies (30 pmol/mg of membrane protein) based on densitometry of Coomassie blue-stained sodium dodecyl sulfate gels. The binding site on brain spectrin for both brain and erythrocyte ankyrin 72,000 Mr fragments was localized by electron microscopy to the midregion of spectrin tetramers about 90 nM from the near end and 110 nM from the far end. These studies demonstrate the presence in brain membranes of a protein closely related to erythrocyte ankyrin, and are consistent with a function of the brain ankyrin as a membrane attachment site for brain spectrin. PMID- 6229541 TI - Eukaryotic small ribonucleoproteins. Anti-La human autoantibodies react with U1 RNA-protein complexes. AB - Anti-La sera from patients with autoimmune disorders precipitate a set of nuclear and cytoplasmic small RNA-protein complexes. Up to now, it has been thought that the La antigen is associated only with RNAs transcribed by RNA polymerase III, including precursors of tRNA and 5 S ribosomal RNA. Here we report that anti-La sera also react with ribonucleoprotein particles containing small nuclear RNA U1, which is transcribed by RNA polymerase II. Anti-La sera from 12 out of 12 patients tested were found to precipitate U1 RNA-protein complexes from HeLa cell nuclear extracts, under conditions where nonimmune sera do not. Ribonucleoprotein particles containing a second small nuclear RNA, U2, do not react appreciably with anti-La sera although they are present in HeLa cell nuclei at the same concentration as U1 RNA. Anti-La sera also react with U1 RNA-protein complexes in mouse and frog cells, but not in Drosophila or Chironomus, two organisms which lack the La antigen. Hybridization of cloned U1 DNA with anti-La-reactive RNA from HeLa cell nuclear extracts reveals mature U1 RNA, whereas anti-La-reactive cytoplasmic RNA contains a series of hybridizing bands that represent molecules 1 7 nucleotides longer than U1 and which may include precursors of nuclear U1 RNA (Madore, S. J., Wieben, E. D., and Pederson, T. (1984) J. Cell Biol., 188-192). Pulse-chase experiments suggest that the association of La antigenicity with these cytoplasmic U1 RNA molecules is transient. These results are discussed in relation to the presence of uridylate-rich sequences in the 3' termini of U1 RNA precursors and mature U1 RNA, which are similar to La antigen binding sites in several RNAs transcribed by RNA polymerase III. PMID- 6229542 TI - HeLa cell RNA polymerase III transcription factors. Functional characterization of a fraction identified by its activity in a second template rescue assay. AB - That stable transcription complexes are formed in HeLa cell RNA polymerase III transcription extracts (Weil, P. A., Segall, J., Harris, B., Ng, S.-Y., and Roeder, R. G. (1979) J. Biol. Chem. 254, 6163-6173) can be shown in order of template addition experiments with DNAs coding for adenovirus 2 VA I RNA or one of the Bombyx mori tRNAAla2 genes. Using this property of the HeLa extracts in a "second template rescue assay" has allowed us to partially purify protein components involved in stable transcription complex formation. Two fractions, called transcription fraction X (TfrX) and transcription fraction Y (TfrY), are required to fully reconstitute selective transcription of the VA I and tRNAAla2 DNA templates. TfrX contains one or more components required for forming transcriptional pre-emptive complexes, as shown in order of addition experiments. TfrX strongly protects a DNA segment surrounding the highly conserved distal sequence (the so-called B block) of the VA I and tRNAAla2 genes from DNase I digestion; we have also characterized weak protection of other segments of these genes by TfrX. DNase I protection experiments with TfrX and probes prepared from deletion variants of the VA I gene show that an intact B block is required for the strong protection. PMID- 6229543 TI - Comparison of the structure of neotendons induced by implantation of carbon or polyester fibres. AB - Carbon-fibre and polyester-fibre implants of comparable dimensions were used to replace the calcaneal tendon in 30 sheep. The neotendon produced in proximity to the polyester fibres was denser, more collagenous and more closely adherent than that in the carbon-based neotendon. Fragmentation of the carbon caused continuing cellular reaction which was associated with a poor collagen response. PMID- 6229544 TI - Pre-operative and postoperative scintimetry after femoral neck fracture. AB - In 22 patients with femoral neck fractures 99mTc-MDP scintimetry was performed before operation and again shortly after operation; in 17 of these patients the investigation was repeated after four months. Six patients with increased uptake in the femoral head before operation and eight with decreased uptake had similar results at the first postoperative investigation. Of eight patients with an intermediate uptake before operation, two showed increased and six decreased femoral head uptake after operation. It is concluded that for the patients in the group with intermediate femoral head uptake before operation, the operative procedure probably influenced the postoperative blood supply of the femoral head. PMID- 6229545 TI - Small oligomers of immunoglobulin E (IgE) cause large-scale clustering of IgE receptors on the surface of rat basophilic leukemia cells. AB - We examined the distribution of small oligomers of IgE bound to rat basophilic leukemia cells using fluorescence microscopy. The oligomers were seen to cluster into visible patches on the cell surface at 4 degrees C; at higher temperatures internalization also was observed. In contrast, cells labeled with IgE monomers remained predominantly ring-stained. Evidence is provided that the observed clustering of IgE oligomers is a cell-induced phenomenon, and the possible significance of this clustering is discussed in the context of the oligomer triggered degranulation of rat basophilic leukemia cells. PMID- 6229547 TI - The behaviour of Down's syndrome children using the 'Lock Box': a research note. AB - A Lock Box for investigating problem-solving behaviour in pre-schoolers was used with seventeen Down's syndrome children (mean CA 37.4 months, S.D. 10.1 months) and seventeen 'normal' children (mean CA 37.4 months, S.D. 10.2 months) while their mothers were present. The behaviour was found to be different for the two groups, with the normal children showing greater competence, more organization and less perseverance. Significant associations between Lock Box measures and the mental age of the Down's syndrome children paralleled those reported by Goodman for older mentally retarded children in a test situation without the mother. The Lock Box is especially appropriate for assessing the ability of language-delayed children and it is suggested that a situation with the mother present may extend its usefulness with very young children. PMID- 6229546 TI - Redistribution of alpha-granules and their contents in thrombin-stimulated platelets. AB - The redistribution of beta-thromboglobulin (beta TG), platelet Factor 4 (PF4), and fibrinogen from the alpha granules of the platelet after stimulation with thrombin was studied by morphologic and immunocytochemical techniques. The use of tannic acid stain and quick-freeze techniques revealed several thrombin-induced morphologic changes. First, the normally discoid platelet became rounder in form, with filopodia, and the granules clustered in its center. The granules then fused with one another and with elements of the surface-connected canalicular system (SCCS) to form large vacuoles in the center of the cell and near the periphery. Neither these vacuoles nor the alpha granules appeared to fuse with the plasma membrane, but the vacuoles were connected to the extracellular space by wide necks, presumably formed by enlargement of the narrow necks connecting the SCCS to the surface of the unstimulated cell. The presence of fibrinogen, beta TG, and PF4 in corresponding large intracellular vacuoles and along the platelet plasma membrane after thrombin stimulation was demonstrated by immunocytochemical techniques in saponin-permeabilized and nonpermeabilized platelets. Immunocytochemical labeling of the three proteins on frozen thin sections of thrombin-stimulated platelets confirmed these findings and showed that all three proteins reached the plasma membrane by the same pathway. We conclude that thrombin stimulation of platelets causes at least some of the fibrinogen, beta TG, and PF4 stored in their alpha granules to be redistributed to their plasma membranes by way of surface-connected vacuoles formed by fusion of the alpha granules with elements of the SCCS. PMID- 6229548 TI - [Analysis of the EMG discharge patterns in the muscles of the lower extremity in patients with low back pain]. PMID- 6229549 TI - Frequency of MMPI profile types in three chronic illness populations. AB - Clinical interpretation of the MMPI most often utilizes configural or profile analysis. However, most MMPI research has focused only on single scale comparisons. In this study sorting rules to identify four common MMPI configurations were developed and applied to four S populations (N = 157): Chronic low back pain patients, migraine headache patients, hypertensives, and diabetics. No differences in frequencies of these profile types were found among the groups, although the chronic low back pain patients did have more elevated profiles. Variables of age, chronicity of illness and gender did not seem to influence profile type, while some differences were found between patients who rated themselves high and low in activity limitation due to the illness. PMID- 6229550 TI - Personality correlates and degree of impairment in male adolescents with progressive and nonprogressive physical disorders. AB - Investigated the personality profiles (MMPI) of 44 adolescents with progressive (Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy) and nonprogressive (mixed orthopedic) physical impairment to determine the relationship among personality correlates, disability type, functional level of impairment, and rapidity of decline in those with progressive disease. Both groups of males evidenced many similarities to severe physical limitations regardless of diagnosis or progression of their physical status. Common personality characteristics of increasing social inhibition, passiveness, and depression were identified as a response to the realities imposed on mobility and lifestyle. Little evidence was presented that supported clear and linear relationships between physical impairment and adjustment status as reflected by MMPI endorsement. Rapidity of decline in physical status in the progressive group was associated with increased report of social withdrawal and a constellation of behaviors suggestive of increased stress. Methodological problems in studying adjustment status in multihandicapped-heterogeneous disabilities were discussed. PMID- 6229551 TI - Assessment of platelet function in patients with Raynaud's syndrome. AB - Platelet function was studied in 11 patients with Raynaud's syndrome and 11 healthy controls. Platelets obtained from patients with Raynaud's syndrome were significantly more responsive to adrenaline, produced more thromboxane A2, and were resistant to prostaglandin inhibitors (prostacyclin and prostaglandin E1) of platelet aggregation. Platelets from control subjects and patients with Raynaud's syndrome were more resistant to prostaglandin inhibitors when reactions were carried out at 27 degrees C rather than at 37 degrees C. Patients with Raynaud's syndrome also had significantly increased plasma concentrations of beta thromboglobulin, fibrinogen, and circulating platelet aggregates. In an attempt to elicit local platelet responses, the forearms of control subjects and patients with Raynaud's syndrome were cooled in water tanks and platelet function tests performed before and after cooling. No significant difference in the results was observed. The potential role of platelets in the pathogenesis of Raynaud's syndrome is discussed. PMID- 6229552 TI - Treatment of psoriasis with N-phosphonacetyl-L-aspartate. AB - Seven patients with severe psoriasis were treated with the aspartate carbamylase inhibitor N-phosphonacetyl-L-aspartate (PALA). Three patients showed a definite improvement lasting up to 3 months after each course of therapy. Three other patients showed more limited responses of shorter duration, and one patient experienced progressive worsening of his psoriasis while on the study. Psoriatic arthritis did not appear to be improved by the PALA therapy. Side effects were usually mild and limited to skin irritation and diarrhea. The development of alternate schedules of administration may lead to a more useful treatment response in patients with severe psoriasis. PMID- 6229553 TI - Sign of Leser-Trelat: report of two cases and review of the literature. AB - The sudden appearance of multiple seborrheic keratoses in the two patients could be related to adenocarcinoma of the breast. Despite other isolated reports, this disorder is still controversial as a marker of malignancy. PMID- 6229554 TI - Comedogenicity of current therapeutic products, cosmetics, and ingredients in the rabbit ear. AB - Cosmetics continue to be used by acne-prone individuals. Often as more acne develops, more cosmetics are applied. In order to protect against this natural tendency, physicians should provide more patient information on the currently available products and ingredients. This presentation is designed to help in that effort. The data presented were gleaned from the rabbit ear assay, which is not an ideal animal model but is the best we have. If an ingredient is negative in the rabbit ear assay, we feel it is safe on the acne-prone skin. A strong, positive ingredient or cosmetic should be avoided. Ingredient offenders include isopropyl myristate and its analogs, such as isopropyl palmitate, isopropyl isostearate, butyl stearate, isostearyl neopentanoate, myristyl myristate, decyl oleate, octyl stearate, octyl palmitate or isocetyl stearate, and new introductions by the cosmetic industry, such as propylene glycol-2 (PPG-2) myristyl propionate. Lanolins continue to be a problem, especially derivatives such as acetylated or ethoxylated lanolins. Our most troublesome recent finding is the comedogenic potential of the D & C Red dyes. They are universally used in the cosmetic industry, especially in blushers. This may explain the predominance of cosmetic acne in the cheekbone area. All of these D & C Red dyes tested to date, the xanthenes, monoazoanilines, fluorans, and indigoids, are comedogenic. Actually, this is not surprising as they are coal tar derivatives. The natural red pigment, carmine, is noncomedogenic and can serve as a substitute for D & C dyes in blushers. Many finished products are comedogenic. Most troublesome to the dermatologists are the therapeutic tools that we use, such as Liquimat, Retin-A cream, Hytone, Staticin, Sulfoxl, Desquam-X, and Persadox HP cream. These should be reformulated. We have been unable to confirm that precipitated sulfur (U.S.P.) is a potent comedogen in the rabbit ear assay. Clinically, we still find sulfur quite effective as an adjuvant to the benzoyl peroxide therapy for the treatment of acne vulgaris. We would suggest that the bias against sulfur be reconsidered. PMID- 6229555 TI - Extensive degradation of recently synthesized collagen in gingiva of normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. AB - The degradation of recently synthesized collagen (probably procollagen) in rat incisor gingiva was three times greater than that in skin. Concomitantly, the formation of undegraded (intact) collagen molecules in gingiva was slower than that in skin. This high basal rate of degradation in gingiva was just slightly increased in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats, whereas the low basal rate in skin was dramatically increased by the diabetic state. The degradation of recently synthesized collagen was measured by the relative amounts(%) of [3H]hydroxyproline-containing material in the TCA-soluble fraction of a tissue, compared with the total amount (TCA-soluble + TCA-insoluble) of [3H]hydroxyproline-containing material. Separation of the TCA fractions allowed the formation of collagen degradation products (TCA-soluble) to be viewed separately from the formation of undegraded collagen molecules (TCA-insoluble). The [3H]hydroxyproline-containing material in the TCA-soluble fraction was greatest in amount and in specific activity, 30 min after [3H] proline injection, supporting the origin of this material as being procollagen. At this time period, the relative amounts of TCA-soluble [3H]hydroxyproline-containing material were 40.3% (gingiva) and 12.7% (skin). For diabetic rats, the values were 55% and 48.8%, respectively. For the [3H]hydroxyproline-containing material in the TCA insoluble fraction, at 30 min, the specific activity of [3H]hydroxyproline was 4.3 for gingiva and 7.4 for skin. At all other time periods, the values were also greater for skin than for gingiva, making it unlikely that the formation of intact collagen molecules occurred faster in gingiva than in skin.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6229556 TI - Class 2 composite restorations: prevention in vitro of contraction gaps. AB - The present in vitro study has shown that it is possible to prevent marginal contraction gaps at composite restorations in the proximal section of Class 2 cavities by use of a condensable composite and adequate condensers. An explanation of condensation to eliminate the wall-to-wall polymerization contraction is suggested, and a possible complete Class 2 composite technique is outlined. The subject studied is only one of several problems that must be analyzed before acceptance of composite resins as Class 2 restoratives can be made possible. PMID- 6229557 TI - Relaxation of polymerization contraction stresses by flow in dental composites. AB - The hardening stresses in wall-to-wall bonded composites were measured and related to calculated values obtained from freely shrinking materials. Since the ultimate tensile strength of the materials contracting under restricted conditions was not lower than that of composites which were not hindered during the polymerization shrinkage, the conclusion was drawn that the contraction was compensated for by flow instead of internal disruptions. PMID- 6229559 TI - Frusemide: a safe diuretic during lithium therapy? AB - This paper reports the effect of frusemide given in therapeutic doses for hypertension in patients receiving prophylactic lithium for affective disorders. It was found that frusemide had no significant effect on plasma lithium concentration in these patients who were studied over a 12-week period. It was concluded that frusemide is a safe diuretic to administer to patients receiving lithium therapy. PMID- 6229558 TI - Neuropsychological dysfunctions in unipolar nonpsychotic major depressions. AB - Twenty-two patients with unipolar, non-psychotic major depression were evaluated with a neuropsychological test battery. The endogenous patients performed more poorly than the non-endogenous on the test battery as a whole. When compared to performance norms obtained from non-depressed controls, both E and NE groups showed performance impairments on the majority of subtests in the battery. The test battery employed in the present study may be clinically useful in assessing neuropsychological alterations in patients with mild to moderately-severe depression. PMID- 6229560 TI - Dexamethasone suppression test in masked depression. AB - The dexamethasone suppression test (DST), family history, response to antidepressant medication and short-term course were investigated in 16 female patients with masked depression. Twelve patients showed abnormal DST results, 3 patients had positive family history of affective illness in first-degree relatives, 11 responded well to antidepressant drug treatment and 3 showed definite hypomanic episodes during follow-up. The results suggest that masked depression is a special form of primary (endogenous) depressive illness, and that the DST is a good diagnostic aid not only in the 'classical' but also in masked forms of depressive disorders. PMID- 6229561 TI - Mortality and late-onset affective disorder. AB - Psychiatric illness is associated with increased morbidity and mortality from physical illness. A particular association between depression and reduced expectation of life in males has been previously noted. If depression is a manifestation of incipient fatal illness, it might be predicted that those who had not previously been depressed would be at greater risk of dying in the next few years. This was not confirmed in a 5-year follow-up study, which found a higher overall mortality from natural causes in male patients with both late and early onset of depression. PMID- 6229562 TI - Amoxapine elevates serum prolactin in depressed men. AB - It has been suggested that the antidepressant amoxapine might have neuroleptic properties. Clinically, an increase in serum prolactin occurs during neuroleptic treatment secondary to post-synaptic dopamine blockade. Ten men who met DSM-III criteria for major depression exhibited a significant increase in their serum prolactin over drug-free baseline values during treatment with amoxapine. A comparison group of 12 depressed men treated with desipramine showed no such increase. Combined with that of others, our study suggests that amoxapine might have antipsychotic properties and, therefore, be useful in treating conditions where a combined antidepressant and neuroleptic effect is required. PMID- 6229563 TI - Panic disorder and primary unipolar depression. A comparison of background and outcome. AB - Outcome at discharge and during a follow-up averaging 5 years clearly distinguished 116 panic disorder inpatients from 123 age- and sex-matched inpatient controls with primary unipolar depression - 60.2% of the primary depression patients recovered at some time during follow-up compared to only 15.5% of the panic disorder patients. Differences in recovery rates grew larger with increasing follow-up length and were undiminished by the exclusion of patients who received antidepressants or convulsive therapy. Furthermore, these two groups had no predictors of outcome in common. These findings accord with other family and follow-up studies in support of a clear separation between panic disorder and primary depression. PMID- 6229565 TI - Diurnal variation of blood glucose during lithium treatment. AB - Plasma glucose was analysed during a 24-hour period in 62 lithium-treated patients. Compared with 59 normal control persons and 80 psychiatric controls the lithium-treated patients with neutral mood had higher maximum glucose and higher mean plasma glucose. Depressed lithium-treated patients had lower mean plasma glucose than the neutral lithium-treated patients. Depressed patients among the psychiatric controls did not differ from the neutral patients in this group with respect to plasma glucose. PMID- 6229564 TI - A double blind comparison of the efficacy and safety of trazodone and imipramine in endogenous depression. AB - In a 6-week double blind non-crossover study, trazodone and imipramine have been compared in the treatment of patients with severe endogenous depression. By random allocation, 13 patients entered each treatment group. The mean maintenance dosage of trazodone was 300 mg (range 200-350 mg) and of imipramine 160 mg (range 150-175 mg). Some evidence is presented to suggest that trazodone may have an earlier anxiolytic effect than imipramine by day 4 and a greater antidepressant effect by day 22 of treatment. Apart from the frequency of impaired visual accommodation being significantly greater in the imipramine group, there were no differences between the treatments with respect to side-effects. No abnormalities were found from laboratory investigations and ECG assessments. PMID- 6229566 TI - Affective disorders and cognitive performance. A clinical report. AB - A study of 27 manic-depressives (some with histories of up to 65 years' duration and 100 attacks) showed that it is a disorder from which the patient can make a complete recovery without any cognitive deterioration. Many of these patients have had courses of the traditional drug and physical treatments (including ECT) used in mental hospitals over the last half century. This indicates that such treatments themselves need not produce deterioration. PMID- 6229567 TI - Decreasing lithium dosage reduces morbidity and side-effects during prophylaxis. AB - In a prospective double-blind trial we examined the affective morbidity and side effects of 72 patients who were randomly allocated either to continue with their usual dose of lithium or to receive either a 25% or 50% reduction in lithium dosage. Patients who underwent a dosage reduction with consequently lower plasma lithium levels (0.45-0.79 mmol/l) had significantly decreased affective morbidity. Thyroid stimulating hormone levels were also significantly decreased in this group. Total subjective side-effects score and tremor were also reduced. No change in affective morbidity was observed during the trial in patients whose dosage was not altered. These changes were observed in both unipolar and bipolar patients. It was concluded that a once a day dosage with a sustained release lithium preparation that maintained a 12-h plasma level of about 0.6 mmol/l is both more effective and produces less side effects than does conventional dosages. PMID- 6229568 TI - Matching of myocardial oxygen consumption to mechanical load in human left ventricular hypertrophy and dysfunction. AB - The coupling of myocardial oxygen consumption (MVO2) with its determinants in left ventricular hypertrophy in human beings is poorly understood. Therefore, thermodilution-derived coronary blood flow, MVO2 and left ventricular wall stress, obtained from simultaneous left ventricular M-mode echogram and pressure, were compared in 32 patients with various degrees of left ventricular hypertrophy. Patients were studied at rest and after mechanical load alteration with nitroglycerin or phenylephrine. Decreases in MVO2 (-5.7 +/- 0.8 ml/min; p less than 0.001) and the time integral of meridional ejection stress or shortening load (-1,297 +/- 152 X 10(3) dynes X s/cm2; p less than 0.001) were observed after nitroglycerin administration while increases in MVO2 (+5.5 +/- 0.7 ml/min; p less than 0.001) and shortening load (+1,412 +/- 137 X 10(3) dynes X s/cm2; p less than 0.001) were noted after phenylephrine. An index relating the change in MVO2 to the corresponding change in shortening load (SL), % delta MVO2/% delta SL, was significantly different in patients without (Group 1) and with (Group 2) clinical left ventricular failure. Left ventricular mass was similar in both groups. The mean % delta MVO2/% delta SL with phenylephrine in Group 1 (79.6 +/- 9.6) was greater than the index for Group 2 (35.5 +/- 6.1; p less than 0.005). With nitroglycerin, Group 2 patients exhibited a greater reduction in % delta MVO2/% delta SL (110.5 +/- 17.8) than Group 1 (54.0 +/- 9.4; p less than 0.01). In conclusion, in patients with left ventricular hypertrophy and dysfunction there appears to be a state of diminished coronary flow response to load augmentation. However, load reduction in patients with clinical left ventricular failure results in a more balanced relation between oxygen uptake and ejection stress. PMID- 6229569 TI - Prognostic importance of a clinical profile and exercise test in medically treated patients with coronary artery disease. AB - To identify predictors of mortality in medically treated patients with symptomatic coronary artery disease, 30 variables were analyzed in 4,083 patients. Regression analysis demonstrated that seven variables were independent predictors of survival. A high risk subgroup (annual mortality rate above 5%) was identified, consisting of patients with either a congestive heart failure score of 3 to 4 or 1 mm or greater ST segment depression and final exercise stage of 1 or less. When all 30 variables were analyzed conjointly, the left ventricular contraction pattern (p less than 0.0001) and the number of diseased coronary vessels (p less than 0.003) proved to be the most important predictors of survival. In a subgroup of 572 patients with three vessel coronary disease and preserved left ventricular function, the probability of survival at 4 years ranged from 53% for patients only able to achieve stage 1/2 of exercise to 100% for patients able to exercise into stage 5 (p less than 0.004). Thus, in patients with defined coronary pathoanatomy, clinical and exercise variables primarily relating to the functional state of the left ventricle are helpful in assessing prognosis. PMID- 6229570 TI - Angioplasty in total coronary artery occlusion. AB - Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty was attempted without streptokinase in 24 patients with total coronary artery occlusion but without acute transmural myocardial infarction. The maximal duration of occlusion was estimated to be 1 week or less in 10 patients, more than 1 to 4 weeks in 6, more than 4 to 12 weeks in 3 and more than 12 weeks in 5. Dilation of the occluded artery was attempted in the left anterior descending coronary artery in 17 patients, in the right coronary artery in 4 and in the circumflex coronary artery in 3. Angioplasty was successful in 13 patients (54%): left anterior descending coronary artery in 59%, right coronary artery in 50% and circumflex coronary artery in 33%. In patients with successful dilation, there was a mean decrease in coronary artery stenosis from 100 to 23%. In the 19 patients whose occlusion was estimated to be of 12 weeks' duration or less, angioplasty was successful in 68%. In the five patients whose occlusion was estimated to be of more than 12 weeks' duration, dilation was not successful in any (p = 0.006). It is concluded that in selected patients with symptomatic coronary artery disease and recent coronary artery occlusion without associated acute myocardial infarction, percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty alone may be effective in restoring patency. PMID- 6229571 TI - Human skeletal muscle fiber type adaptability to various workloads. AB - Muscle biopsy specimens were removed from the vastus lateralis muscles of three groups of human subjects: controls, weight lifters, and distance runners. The runners proved to be a unique group with respect to the variables measured (low body weight and percentage body fat, and high VO2 max). Additionally, a histochemical analysis of the biopsy specimens revealed that the runners had a significantly higher percentage of fiber types I and IIC than either the controls or the weight lifters. Using a cryostatic retrieval method, each of the fibers identified histochemically was then analyzed morphometrically using electron microscopy. The results of volume-percent mitochondria demonstrated a strong relationship between the ATPase activity and oxidative potential of the fiber types for all three groups such that the oxidative activity would be ranked I greater than IIA greater than IIB. Irrespective of fiber type, there were significant differences between the groups with regard to muscle-fiber mitochondrial (runners greater than lifters greater than controls) and lipid content (runners greater than controls greater than lifters). The lifters had a significantly greater content of mitochondria than the controls, which may suggest that inactivity rather than the lifting exercise contributes to a low volume-percent mitochondria and a high percentage of type IIB fibers. PMID- 6229572 TI - Development of the normal gastrointestinal microflora of specific pathogen-free chickens. AB - The development of the normal intestinal microflora of the small intestine, caecum and large intestine of specific pathogen-free (SPF) chickens, was studied in the period from hatching to 84 days of age. No bacteria were detected in any of the sites at hatchery (day 1), but by day 3 significant levels of faecal streptococci and coliforms were isolated from all sites. The flora of the small intestine was limited to faecal streptococci and coliforms for the first 40 days and then lactobacilli became established and dominated the flora. A large variety of facultative and strictly anaerobic organisms colonized the caecum. Many of these species were transient and were only present for a limited period; after 40 days the flora stabilized to consist predominantly of faecal streptococci, Escherichia coli, Bacteroides spp. and Lactobacillus sp. The flora of the large intestine was composed of organisms also present in the small intestine or the caecum. These findings differ from previously published studies on conventionally reared chickens in that the number of species isolated and the population levels of organisms are much lower. This probably reflects the absence of continuous environmental challenge to the chickens because of the housing and feeding facilities in which the chickens were maintained. PMID- 6229573 TI - A family with hereditary lack of T4+ inducer/helper T cell subsets in peripheral blood lymphocytes. PMID- 6229574 TI - Cyclosporin A regulates monocyte/macrophage effector functions by affecting instructor T cells: inhibition of monocyte procoagulant response to allogeneic stimulation. PMID- 6229575 TI - Responses against single minor histocompatibility antigens. II. Analysis of cloned helper T cells. AB - We have utilized a clonal approach to investigate functional and immunogenetic characteristics of T cells responsive to the miHA H-1.3. Our data prove the existence of H-2 I region-restricted helper T cells that are specific for H-1.3, or for determinants encoded by closely linked loci. These conclusions are based upon the following observations: 1) the cloned Th are driven to proliferate only by H-2 I-compatible stimulator cells that bear the appropriate (H-1.3) miHA; 2) antigenic stimulation causes the cloned Th to secrete lymphokine with high levels of IL 2-like activity; and 3) they are not specifically lytic for relevant target cells. These cloned Th were isolated at a rather low frequency from an H-1.3 immune MLC population compared with the observed frequency of H-1.3-specific Tc that proliferate autonomously after antigen stimulation; i.e., HITc isolated from the same MLC. They were, however, capable of promoting the clonal expansion of an H-1.3-specific HITc, suggesting that Th can collaborate with HITc in an anti-miHA response. PMID- 6229576 TI - Regulatory interactions governing the proliferation of T cell subsets stimulated with pokeweed mitogen. AB - Serial phenotyping of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) cultured with pokeweed mitogen (PWM) demonstrated an excess of T8+ cells after stimulation. Preferential expansion of the T8+ cell compartment was a result of T8+ cell blast transformation while T4+ cells generated fewer blasts and tended to remain as small resting cells. When the proliferative behavior of T cell subsets in PWM-stimulated PBMC with physiologic proportions of T4+ and T8+ cells was compared with that of cultures depleted of T4+ or T8+ cells, two levels of regulation of proliferation were found: without T4+ cell help, T8+ cells were unable to divide; however, in the presence of T4+ cells, PWM-stimulated T8+ cells became potent feedback inhibitors of T4+ cell proliferation. The mechanism of suppression by PWM-activated T8+ cells of T4+ cell proliferation, not only to PWM, but also to tetanus toxoid, was pursued by measuring decreased interleukin 2 (IL2) recovery from cultures containing suppressors. Although passive absorption of IL2 by PWM-activated cells could contribute to the suppression of fresh proliferative responses, as shown directly with isolated T4+ cells induced by PWM to express IL2 receptors, a much more profound suppression was mediated by PWM activated T8+ cells. The regulation of proliferative responses of helper and suppressor T cell subsets may determine the magnitude of their subsequent interactions and thus control the ultimate outcome of in vivo physiologic and pathologic immune responses. PMID- 6229577 TI - The role of T cell subsets in the generation of secondary cytolytic responses in vitro against class I and class II major histocompatibility complex antigens. AB - Strain combinations generating cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) specific for a single class I (K or D) or class II (A or E) MHC molecule were set up. The responder cells were separated into Ly subsets (Ly-1+2-, Ly-1-2+, and Ly-1+2+) on day 5 of culture by using lytic or non-lytic selection techniques and monoclonal Ly-specific antibodies. The separated subsets were restimulated on day 8 and tested for secondary CTL activity on day 12. Class II-specific secondary CTL could be generated from all three subsets, whereas class I-specific CTL developed only in the Ly-1+2+ and Ly-1-2+ subsets. The Ly-1+2+ cells underwent a phenotypic shift to Ly-1-2+ by day 12, whereas CTL generated from the Ly-1+2- and Ly-1-2+ subsets retained their phenotype up to the secondary effector stage. The cells separated according to their Ly phenotypes on day 5 were the progeny of unprimed progenitors expressing the same Ly phenotypes. Unprimed Ly-1+2+ cells gave rise to CTL in the absence of the other subsets, while unprimed Ly-1+2- and Ly-1-2+ cells required the help of Ly-1+2+ cells (or soluble factors) during priming to become non-lytic CTL precursors by day 5, and cytolytic cells after restimulation. The Ly-1+2- subset could generate class II-specific secondary CTL only in the absence of the other two subsets. Apparently, alloantigen-primed Ly 1+2+ and Ly-1-2+ cells suppressed the development of cytolytic activity in the Ly 1+2- subset. The combined data provide a comprehensive pathway of CTL differentiation from T cell subsets. PMID- 6229578 TI - Immunoglobulin production by human peripheral lymphocytes induced by anti-C3 receptor antibodies. AB - The exact function of receptors for C3b (CR1), which are present on B lymphocytes, is not clear. The present studies were performed to determine the influence of heterologous anti-CR1 on the production of IgM, IgG, and IgA by human peripheral B lymphocytes in vitro. Anti-CR1, raised in rabbits by immunization with purified erythrocyte CR1, was rendered immunospecific and was converted to F(ab')2 and Fab' by enzyme digestion. Pre-immune F(ab')2 and Fab' served as controls. Normal human blood T lymphocytes and T cell-depleted mononuclear cells were cultured for 6 days in RPMI medium and 10% heated fetal calf serum with a low dose (7 micrograms/ml) of pokeweed mitogen (PWM) alone or with PWM and F(ab')2-anti-CR1. In control experiments the effects of F(ab')2-anti CR1 without PWM and of pre-immune F(ab')2, Fab'-anti-CR1 and pre-immune Fab' in combination with PWM were also tested. When PWM and F(ab')2-anti-CR1 were present simultaneously, 4.3 X 10(3), 2.5 X 10(3), and 1.8 X 10(3) ng/ml of IgM, IgG, and IgA were synthesized, respectively, in cultures containing 4.5 X 10(5) mononuclear blood cells. All other combinations resulted in synthesis of less than 250 ng/ml of each class of Ig. The presence of purified CR1 in the cultures containing PWM and F(ab')2-anti-CR1 caused a dose-dependent decrease of Ig synthesis. By culturing B cells isolated by E-C3b rosetting with T cells and monocytes, the anti-CR1 responding population was demonstrated to be mainly in the CR1-rich B cell fraction. Fab'-anti-CR1 at high doses was also able to stimulate Ig production in the presence of low concentrations of PWM. These data suggest that triggering of CR1 on B cells results in modulation of antibody production and that triggering of CR1 with more than one antibody is required for an optimal response. PMID- 6229579 TI - Autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction in patients with myasthenia gravis: correlation with disease activity. AB - Enriched subpopulations of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with myasthenia gravis and from normal control individuals were tested for proliferative ability in the autologous mixed lymphocyte reactions. Myasthenia gravis patients were studied at various phases of therapy. Longitudinal patient populations were studied. Purified T cells from untreated patients with active myasthenia gravis demonstrated enhanced proliferative responses when co-cultured with nonmodified autologous non-T cells. Furthermore, treatment by thymectomy with or without prior plasmapheresis was associated with a consequent normalization of the autologous reaction. The enhanced autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction in the pre-treatment group of myasthenia gravis patients was significantly different from the post-treatment and normal control groups (Stimulation Index, p less than 0.01 and p less than 0.02, respectively). This difference in activity was also confirmed in a longitudinal study of 10 patients followed pre- and post-treatment (Stimulation Index, p less than 0.02). There was no difference between the responses of post-treatment patients and normal control individuals. There was no evidence of altered T cell responsiveness or non-T cell stimulation, as measured by the allogeneic mixed lymphocyte reaction or by mitogen-induced lymphocyte proliferation, between pretreatment and post-treatment patients as compared to controls. The responses were not affected by serum substitution experiments whereby myasthenic responder T cells were co-cultured with pooled normal human sera. Other parameters studied included clinical status, anti-acetylcholine receptor antibody levels, and thymic pathology. An intriguing connection between abnormalities in the thymic cell populations and the autoaggressive state in myasthenia may be reflected by the in vitro autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction. PMID- 6229580 TI - Residual hemolytic and proteolytic activity expressed by Bb after decay dissociation of C3b,Bb. AB - Bb (Mr = 63,000) is the catalytic site-bearing subunit of the C3 convertase of the alternative complement pathway, C3b,Bb, which is dissociated from the complex upon decay of the enzyme. Because purified Bb induced certain leukocyte activities, we examined whether it expresses residual hemolytic or proteolytic activity. Hemolytic activity of Bb was tested by using Factor B- or Factor D depleted normal human serum and rabbit or sheep erythrocytes. Proteolytic activity of Bb was assessed by using purified C3 or C5 as substrates and SDS-PAGE to detect protein cleavage. Bb expressed metal-dependent hemolytic activity that was approximately 100-fold lower than that of Factor B. This activity could be inhibited by Factor H and enhanced by properdin. Low but statistically significant binding of 125I-labeled Bb to C3b on erythrocytes was demonstrated. Monoclonal antibodies that bind to Bb but not to intact Factor B inhibited the Bb hemolytic activity. Purified Bb cleaved C3 to C3a and C3b, as evidenced by the appearance of the alpha'-chain of C3b. It also cleaved C5 to C5a and C5b when cobra venom factor was present in the reaction mixture. Metal ions were required for expression of proteolytic activity, and Ni supported the activity better than Mg. These results indicate that decayed Bb has residual C3 and C5 cleaving activity and hemolytic activity, expression of which appears to require its association with C3b, C3(H2O), or cobra venom factor. These observations may aid in explaining the mechanism of action of Bb on leukocytes. PMID- 6229581 TI - The role of mitogens and lymphokines in the induction of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) in T lymphocytes. AB - Polyamine synthesis occurs early in lymphocyte activation after stimulation with antigen or mitogen. Ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) is the primary enzyme in the polyamine cascade. We have examined the induction of ODC by mitogens and/or lymphokines in human peripheral blood T lymphocytes. When isolated populations of monocytes and T lymphocytes were stimulated with phytohemagglutinin (PHA) there was little or no change in ODC activity. The combination of T lymphocytes and monocytes enhanced mitogen-induced ODC activity 10-fold. Several interleukin 1 (IL 1)-containing supernatants and fractionated human IL 1 were capable of substituting for monocytes in supporting PHA induction of ODC in T lymphocytes. Interleukin 2 (IL 2) and IL 2-containing supernatants were also capable of increasing ODC activity in T lymphocytes in the absence of monocytes. Lymphokines alone in the absence of PHA could not induce ODC. We conclude that both mitogens and monocytes are required for the induction of polyamine synthesis in T lymphocytes, and that supernatants containing IL 1 or IL 1 and IL 2 can substitute for monocytes in the induction of ODC in mitogen-stimulated T lymphocytes. PMID- 6229583 TI - T antigen expression by human lymphocytes in relation to E rosette affinity. AB - Active and late rosette-forming cells, separated on the basis of their different affinities for SRBC, were tested for their ability to react with monoclonal antibodies of the OKT series. No significant preferential distribution of T subpopulations defined by these reagents was found in the high affinity E rosette fraction, while in the low affinity T cell subset the major finding was a high number of cells lacking both OKT4 and OKT8 determinants. This seems to be related to methodology, as indicated by experiments in which sequential cycles of rosetting procedures were found to induce loss of reactivity with OKT monoclonal antibodies. The implications of these methodological observations are further discussed. PMID- 6229582 TI - B cell activation. IV. Induction of cell membrane depolarization and hyper-I-A expression by phorbol diesters suggests a role for protein kinase C in murine B lymphocyte activation. AB - Analysis of the effects of phorbol diesters on mouse B lymphocyte kinase C activity, membrane potential, mI-A expression, and cell cycle state are reported. Results indicate that the phorbol diesters PMA and 4 beta-PDD, which are potent tumor promoters, activate partially purified B cell protein kinase C and stimulate B cell membrane depolarization and increased mI-A expression. The analog 4 alpha-PDD has none of these effects. Similarly, none of the phorbol diesters tested promoted G0 to G1 transition of B lymphocytes. Results are consistent with the possibility that the transmembrane signal transduction mediated by cell membrane immunoglobulin, which results in membrane depolarization and increased I-A antigen expression, operates via activation of protein kinase C. PMID- 6229584 TI - Inactivation of specific anti-H-2 suppressor T cells by antisera to I-J and I-C subregion products of the H-2 complex. AB - Two antisera to Ia antigens, products of the H-2 complex I-Cd and I-JkEk subregions, respectively, have been obtained by immunization of the F1 hybrids of recombinant strains of mice. These antisera are shown to display a 50% cytotoxic effect in vitro, in the presence of complement, upon lymphocyte populations immune to the H-2-complex antigens and enriched for specific suppressor T cells (SSTC) by fractionation on a monolayer of target cells. The specificity of anti Ia cytotoxins is shown by cross-antibody absorption with T and B cells of mice originating from the recombinant H-2 haplotypes and bearing either particular I Cd, I-Jk and I-Ek antigens, or their combinations. Anti-I-Cd cytotoxins were found to react with both B and T cells, but at a different rate, and the anti-I JkEk serum contains two antibody types directed to I-Ek and I-Jk products, respectively, the latter being able to react preferently with T cells. Although both antisera do inactivate the in vitro SSTC function in the presence of complement to a similar degree, the inactivating action of the anti-I-Cd serum, but not that of the anti-I-JkEk serum, occurs without complement. SSTC are shown to bear both Ia-antigens, I-J and I-C, as shown by both inactivation of the anti suppressor effect of the antisera absorbed with spleen cells of different H-2 origin, and variation of the H-2 origin of SSTC pretreated with the intact antisera. It is suggested that these two markers, located on the same SSTC, function differently in SSTC immune to the H-2 antigens, and I-C antigen expression on the SSTC surface is presumed to be required for their interaction with the inhibited responder T cells proliferating in MLC. PMID- 6229585 TI - Effect of glucocorticoids and gamma radiation on epidermal Langerhans cells. AB - The effect of 750 rads of gamma radiation on the rate of return of epidermal Langerhans cells (LC) following suppressive doses of topical glucorticoids was studied in guinea pigs. Gamma radiation alone had no effect on the LC as assessed by staining for cell membrane ATPase activity and Ia antigen. It did, however, delay the expected return of Ia but not ATPase surface markers on the LC after perturbation with glucocorticoids. The delayed return of surface Ia antigen is possibly related to a radiation-induced defect in the production of a required lymphokine and/or in intracellular Ia transport. Although our data do not rule out a cytolytic effect of steroids on the LC, they do strongly suggest that, at least in part, glucocorticoids act on the LC by altering cell surface characteristics. PMID- 6229586 TI - Percutaneous absorption of iodochlorhydroxyquin in humans. AB - Iodochlorhydroxyquin (I) is used in the treatment of diaper rash and other skin disorders, and is presumed to undergo little or no percutaneous absorption. The absorption of (I) from a 3% cream was studied in 5 normal male subjects after a single application of the cream for 12 h. Plasma levels of the drug were followed for 24 h after initial application while urinary excretion was measured for 54 h. (I) was extracted from plasma and urine and assayed by high-performance liquid chromatography. The drug in the range of 0.37-0.56 micrograms/ml was detected in plasma 2 h after application and persisted throughout the treatment period. The mean excretion rate after 12 h of application was 58.4 micrograms/h and the excretion rate was 8.8 micrograms/h at 42 h posttreatment. The elimination rate constant was calculated to be 0.15 h-1. Approximately 40% of the drug was absorbed over the 12-h application period. From the above results it is apparent that significant percutaneous absorption of (I) occurs. PMID- 6229587 TI - Decrease of helper T cells in children with recurrent respiratory tract infections. PMID- 6229589 TI - Dynamics of tracheal fluid flow in the human fetus, studied with pulsed Doppler ultrasound. PMID- 6229588 TI - [Cytogenetic studies of multiple ovarian dermoid cysts in a single host]. AB - To investigate the pathogenesis of gonadal teratoma, sixteen ovarian dermoid cysts obtained from four patients were examined by using chromosomal Q and R heteromorphisms, HLA antigens and enzyme polymorphisms of phosphoglucomutase-1 and esterase-D. The results obtained were as follows: 1) Karyotypes of 16 tumors were 46,XX. 2) In thirteen tumors, chromosomal heteromorphisms were homozygous for the homologous chromosomes, being heterozygous in the hosts. In 9 of them, all gene markers analyzed were also homozygous, but in the remaining 4 tumors some gene markers showed heterozygous combination. These findings indicate that these 13 tumors arose from a germ cell after the first meiotic division by suppression of the second meiotic division or by fusion of polar body II with the oocyte. 3) In three tumors, chromosomal heteromorphisms showed heterozygous patterns as in the hosts. In 2 of them, some gene markers were homozygous, and in the remaining one tumor the gene markers were all heterozygous. These findings suggest that these three tumors arose from a germ cell before the first meiotic division. It is concluded that multiple ovarian dermoid cysts in a single host originate from different germ cells with diverse mechanisms. PMID- 6229590 TI - [Case of Sezary syndrome with accentuated hyperimmunoglobulinemia E--evidence for malignant proliferation of IgE-specific helper T lymphocytes]. PMID- 6229591 TI - [Circaseptan hyperglycemia in a case of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus with Down's syndrome]. PMID- 6229592 TI - Neonatal exposure to a progestin via milk alters subsequent LH cyclicity in the female rat. AB - Medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA; 5 micrograms/g body wt) or norethisterone oenanthate (NET-OEN; 4 micrograms/g body wt) was given to lactating female rats by subcutaneous injection 1 day after parturition. Each female suckled ten female pups which had been randomly allocated to her and at 21 days of age the pups were weaned. In this way female pups were exposed to either MPA or NET-OEN via milk during suckling. The patterns of LH and progesterone secretion at pro-oestrus were investigated using radioimmunoassay. When these pups reached adulthood it was found that neonatal exposure to MPA via milk significantly reduced the pro oestrous LH peak by 45% as well as the total amount (by 27%) of LH secreted during pro-oestrus. Neonatal exposure via milk to NET-OEN had no effect on LH secretion during pro-oestrus. Pro-oestrous progesterone secretion was unaffected by either MPA or NET-OEN treatment. PMID- 6229593 TI - The distribution of muscle fibre types in chick embryo wings transplanted to the pelvic region is normal. AB - Chick embryo wing buds were transplanted to the pelvic region in place of, or in addition to, the hindlimb bud prior to innervation. The wrist muscle ulnimetacarpalis dorsalis (umd) was innervated by middle-dorsal or middle-ventral motoneurons in the lumbar lateral motor column (LMC) in a rostrocaudal position which varied with the rostrocaudal position of the wing. Despite the heterotopic innervation the subsequent development of the distributions of fast and slow muscle fibres, as judged by ATPase staining, was normal in all muscles examined. The pattern of innervation in the umd, as judged by acetylcholinesterase staining also developed normally. It is probable that muscle fibre type is intrinsically, not neurogenically, determined. PMID- 6229595 TI - The same human alloreactive T cell clone can help both B lymphocytes and specific cytotoxic precursors. AB - Human alloreactive proliferating T cell clones have been compared for their capacity to provide help for B cell activation and the generation of a specific cytotoxic response. The results demonstrate that, when triggered by the relevant alloantigen, the same T cell clone can induce a strong polyclonal B cell activation and serve as the only source of helper cells for the generation of a specific cytotoxic response by any source of CTL precursors against any stimulator cell present in culture. PMID- 6229594 TI - Regulation of elastase and plasminogen activator secretion in resident and inflammatory macrophages by receptors for the Fc domain of immunoglobulin G. AB - We have determined that the interaction of IgG-coated erythrocytes (EIgG) and complement-coated erythrocytes (EIgMC) with macrophage Fc and complement receptors, respectively, modulates the secretion of the neutral proteinases, elastase, and plasminogen activator. EIgG binding and ingestion stimulated secretion of elastase and plasminogen activator less than or equal to 6-fold and 20-fold, respectively, over the 3 d following treatment. Stimulation was dependent on the IgG titer bound to each erythrocyte and was detectable at greater than 6.2 X 10(3) molecules IgG/ erythrocyte (total 0.99 nM IgG in the culture). Cytochalasin B did not inhibit stimulation, indicating that the ingestion of ligands was not necessary. Binding of EIgG to the three subclass specific Fc receptors (IgG2a, IgG2b/IgG1, IgG3) was effective. Stimulation of elastase secretion required continued exposure of ligands to cells for up to 24 h, whereas production of plasminogen activator, which has plasma membrane-bound forms as well as secreted forms, was stimulated by exposure for 2 h. The stimulated production of elastase and plasminogen activator by triggering Fc receptors was seen only when the initial secretion rates were low. Periodate- or thioglycollate-elicited macrophages, which have high rates of proteinase secretion, were not stimulated further. EIgMC, which are bound but not ingested by resident macrophages, stimulated elastase secretion transiently, and the rate of secretion returned to the control level by 24 h. Therefore, the mode of stimulation of neutral proteinase secretion by complement receptor differed from that of Fc receptor; stimulation by complement receptor possibly involves a limited release of enzyme from intracellular stores, rather than stimulating accelerated synthesis of enzyme. Erythrocytes coated with both complement and IgG showed both the transient increase in elastase typical of complement-mediated secretion and the sustained increase typical of Fc receptor-mediated secretion. These results suggest that macrophage Fc and complement receptors regulate secretion of proteinases by receptor-specific mechanisms. PMID- 6229596 TI - Allosuppressor and allohelper T cells in acute and chronic graft-vs-host disease. V. F1 mice with secondary chronic GVHD contain F1-reactive allohelper but no allosuppressor T cells. AB - We studied the alloreactive properties of donor T cells obtained from F1 mice that had recovered from the allosuppression of acute graft-vs.-host disease (GVHD) and showed mild symptoms of chronic GVHD, i.e., so-called secondary chronic GVHD. To this end, we used (B10 x DBA/2)F1 mice that had been injected with 10(8) B10 spleen cells 100-150 d previously. Such GVHD F1 mice were repopulated by lympho-hematopoietic cells of donor (B10) origin, which exhibited split tolerance towards the host: Whereas F1-specific donor T helper (Th) cells as well as T cells proliferating in the mixed lymphocyte reaction were readily demonstrable, F1-specific T suppressor (Ts) and T killer (Tk) cells were not, or were hardly, detectable; responses against third-party alloantigens were normal. Upon adoptive transfer to nonirradiated secondary recipients, the B10 cells obtained from the repopulated GVH F1 mice induced F1-specific enlargement of the draining popliteal lymph node and enhancement of the IgG formation therein. B10 cells of the same kind were unable, however, to induce lethal GVHD upon transfer to 950 rad-irradiated secondary (B10 x DBA/2)F1 recipients. We conclude that alloactivated donor Ts/Tk cells disappear from the host at a relatively early stage of GVHD, i.e., at the end of acute GVHD , presumably because they are short lived. By contrast, the longevity of alloactivated donor Th cells causes the symptoms of secondary chronic GVHD. PMID- 6229597 TI - Global and local precedence: selective attention in form and motion perception. AB - This study explores the perception of stimuli at two levels: local parts and the wholes that comprise these parts. Previous research has produced contradictory results. Some studies (e.g., Pomerantz & Sager, 1975) show local precedence, in which the local parts are more difficult to ignore in selective attention tasks. Other studies (e.g., Navon, 1977) have shown the opposite effect, global precedence. The present five experiments trace the causes of this discrepancy by exploring the effects of the relative discriminabilities of the local and global levels of the stimuli and the differences between two different measures of selective attention, namely, Stroop-type interference (attributable to incongruity on the irrelevant dimension) and Garner-type interference (attributable to variability on the irrelevant dimension). The experiments also examine whether the precedence effects previously examined in form perception generalize to motion perception. The results show that (a) some cases of global precedence are due solely to the greater perceptual discriminability of the global level and thus demonstrate only that more discriminable stimuli are harder to ignore; (b) instances of both local and global precedence can be demonstrated for certain types of stimuli, even when the discriminabilities of their local and global levels have been equated; and (c) the Stroop and Garner measures of selective attention are not equivalent but instead measure different types of interference. In addition, a distinction is made between two fundamentally different types of part-whole relationships that exist in visual configurations, one based only on the positions of the parts (Type P) and one based also on the nature of the parts (Type N). Previous research has focused on Type P, which appears to be irrelevant to the broader questions of Gestalt and top-down effects in perception. It is concluded that bona fide cases of both local and global precedence have been amply documented but that no general theory can account for why or when these effects will appear until we better understand both the nature of part-whole relationships and the perceptual processes that are tapped by different measures of selective attention. PMID- 6229598 TI - Resource allocation and the attentional demands of letter encoding. AB - The idea that familiar events can be encoded automatically has gained general acceptance in cognitive psychology since Posner and Boies (1971) first reported that reaction times to a secondary probe were not interfered with by letter encoding. More recently, Ogden, Martin, and Paap (1981) used a more valid control for estimating baseline probe performance and found secondary task interference, suggesting that letter encoding does require attentional resources. The present series of experiments began with the aim of evaluating Ogden et al's evidence against automaticity when the first letter was not terminated after a brief exposure, as was done in their study. In the first set of experiments we found evidence of encoding interference when the interval between the two letters was varied (50 to 1,000 msec), but this interference disappeared when there was a constant 1,000-msec interval between the letters. On the basis of these findings, we hypothesized that changes in the primary task (e.g., the exposure duration of the first letter or the interval between the two letters) may influence the momentary allocation of resources between the primary and secondary tasks. More specifically, we hypothesized that any momentary reduction in the resources demanded by the primary tasks results in a reallocation of resources to the secondary task, which in turn reduces the sensitivity of the secondary task to the demands of the primary task, that is, probe performance is moved into the data-limited region of processing (Norman & Bobrow, 1975). This idea was tested by reducing resource allocation to the probe task at the time of encoding by reducing the expectancy (i.e., the probability) of probes in the temporal proximity of the first letter. The results showed that this manipulation produced a large and significant increase in encoding interference. Moreover, when the intensity of the tone (probe) was decreased from 70 to 60 dB, the magnitude of encoding interference was further increased. In regard to the specific issue of automaticity, the findings suggest that encoding familiar events does require resources, which will result in secondary task interference given that the secondary task is in the resource-limited region of processing. More important, the findings suggest that the magnitude of secondary task interference is dependent on within-trial changes in resource allocation between the primary and secondary tasks. This possibility has general implications for dual-task methodology and the measurement of attentional demands. PMID- 6229599 TI - Enhanced visual memory during hypnosis as mediated by hypnotic responsiveness and cognitive strategies. AB - To investigate the hypothesis that hypnosis has an enhancing effect on imagery processing, as mediated by hypnotic responsiveness and cognitive strategies, four experiments compared performance of low and high, or low, medium, and high, hypnotically responsive subjects in waking and hypnosis conditions on a successive visual memory discrimination task that required detecting differences between successively presented picture pairs in which one member of the pair was slightly altered. Consistently, hypnotically responsive individuals showed enhanced performance during hypnosis, whereas nonresponsive ones did not. Hypnotic responsiveness correlated .52 (p less than .001) with enhanced performance during hypnosis, but it was uncorrelated with waking performance (Experiment 3). Reaction time was not affected by hypnosis, although high hypnotizables were faster than lows in their responses (Experiments 1 and 2). Subjects reported enhanced imagery vividness on the self-report Vividness of Visual Imagery Questionnaire during hypnosis. The differential effect between lows and highs was in the anticipated direction but not significant (Experiments 1 and 2). As anticipated, hypnosis had no significant effect on a discrimination task that required determining whether there were differences between pairs of simultaneously presented pictures. Two cognitive strategies that appeared to mediate visual memory performance were reported: (a) detail strategy, which involved the memorization and rehearsal of individual details for memory, and (b) holistic strategy, which involved looking at and remembering the whole picture with accompanying imagery. Both lows and highs reported similar predominantly detail-oriented strategies during waking; only highs shifted to a significantly more holistic strategy during hypnosis. These findings suggest that high hypnotizables have a greater capacity for cognitive flexibility (Batting, 1979) than do lows. Results are discussed in terms of several theoretical approaches: Paivio's (1971) dual-coding theory and Craik and Tulving's (1975) depth of processing theory. Additional discussion is given to the question of whether hypnosis involves a shift in cerebral dominance, as reflected by the cognitive strategy changes and enhanced imagery processing. PMID- 6229600 TI - Epididymitis in the workplace. PMID- 6229601 TI - Membrane perturbation by cerulenin modulates glucosyltransferase secretion and acetate uptake by Streptococcus salivarius. AB - Cerulenin and dodecanoic acid prevented the synthesis and secretion of glucosyltransferase in non-proliferating cell suspensions of Streptococcus salivarius ATCC 25975 under conditions that also inhibited the incorporation of radioactively labelled acetate into the cell. In the presence of Tween 80, acetate incorporation was not markedly affected by cerulenin despite the fact that glucosyltransferase secretion was still inhibited. Cerulenin and dodecanoic acid were found to prevent the incorporation of radioactively labelled acetate by affecting the uptake of acetate by the cell. In the case of cerulenin, the inhibition of uptake of acetate by the cell was partially relieved by the addition of Tween 80. These and other observations strongly suggested that cerulenin inhibited glucosyltransferase secretion and acetate incorporation by perturbing the membrane, rather than by directly inhibiting lipid synthesis. PMID- 6229602 TI - Synthesis of full-length, virus genomic DNA by nuclei of vaccinia-infected HeLa cells. AB - It is well established that vaccinia virus infection induces the synthesis of virus-specific DNA in cytoplasmic 'factories', which are sites of virus-specific transcription. The present study demonstrates that vaccinia virus-specific DNA is synthesized also in the nuclei of infected cells with a similar time course. Direct observation and radiolabelling confirm the integrity of isolated nuclei. Reconstitution experiments and inhibitor studies demonstrate that virus-induced DNA is synthesized de novo within nuclei and does not result from cytoplasmic contamination. Cell-specific DNA synthesis is inhibited completely after infection and nuclei of infected cells then synthesize DNA which co-sediments with virus genomic DNA in denaturing gradients. Restriction endonuclease cleavage and hybridization with a virus-specific probe indicate that this is full-length, virus genomic DNA. The biological implications of this are discussed. PMID- 6229603 TI - Physical disability, life stress, and psychosocial adjustment in multiple sclerosis. AB - Eighty-one outpatients with diagnosed multiple sclerosis were studied in an effort to examine the relative contributions of physical health status, life stress, duration of illness, age, sex, marital status, and social class on various aspects of personal and interpersonal functioning. Stepwise multiple regression analyses were performed to identify the most significant discriminators of the seven psychosocial measures. Physical health status exerted the broadest influence, affecting personal efficiency and well-being, capacity for independent thought and action, self-confidence, self-reliance, and number of meaningful social contacts. Life stress was associated with lowered personal efficiency and sense of well-being. Duration of illness and the demographic variables had few or no effects on psychosocial adjustment. Discussion contrasts the present findings with others in the rehabilitation literature and specifies certain limitations of the study's design. PMID- 6229604 TI - Effects of 2-formylpyridine monothiosemicarbazonato copper II on red cell components. AB - 1-Formylpyridine monothiosemicarbazonato copper II (CuL+) is readily taken up by red cells and is initially bound to glutathione and hemoglobin. Glutathione was depleted within 5 hr of incubation, presumably by oxidation mediated by CuL+ and O2 with concomitant generation of toxic oxygen species. Cupric ion was slowly transferred from CuL+ to hemoglobin within about 7 hr and hemoglobin was oxidized until the major form prevailing after 10 hr was alpha 2 beta 2+. Little increase in hemolysis due to addition of CuL+ dissolved in the radical scavenger dimethyl sulfoxide was observed with prolonged incubation. Strong inhibition of red cell hexokinase by CuL+ was observed when the enzymes in red cell lysates and hemoglobin-free red cell lysates were examined. CuL+ was also an effective inhibitor of yeast hexokinase. However, the inhibitory effect of CuL+ within the red cells was less pronounced. It is suggested that even though intracellular accumulation of CuL+ creates an oxidizing environment and is potentially capable of inhibiting thiol enzymes such as hexokinase, protective effects are exerted in the red cell by the presence of hemoglobin, of radical scavengers, and of high levels of enzymes that detoxify toxic oxygen species. PMID- 6229605 TI - Age-dependent variations in peroxide-utilizing enzymes from rat brain mitochondria and cytoplasm. AB - The location of peroxide-utilizing enzymes has been studied in rat brain. Glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase distributions indicate that both enzymes are located in the cytoplasm and in the matrix space of "synaptosomal" and "free" mitochondria. On the other hand, catalase distribution parallels that of NADH-cytochrome c reductase (rotenone-insensitive), and appears to be associated with the outer membrane of brain mitochondria. Whereas no gross age dependent changes in various marker enzymes were found, a gradual but significant increase in glutathione peroxidase from the soluble fraction of free mitochondria was detected. The consequences of such increase are discussed with regard to the reducing potential of the cell. PMID- 6229606 TI - Inhibition of brain glycolysis by aluminum. AB - Aluminum inhibited both the cytosolic and mitochondrial hexokinase activities in rat brain. The IC50 values were between 4 and 9 microM. Aluminum was effective at mildly acidic (pH 6.8) or slightly alkaline (pH 7.2-7.5) pH, in the presence of a physiological level of magnesium (0.5 mM). However, saturating (8 mM) magnesium antagonized the effect of aluminum on both forms of hexokinase activity. Other enzymes examined were considerably less sensitive to inhibition by aluminum. The IC50 of aluminum for phosphofructokinase was 1.8 mM and for lactate dehydrogenase 0.4 mM. At 10-600 microM, aluminum actually stimulated pyruvate kinase. Aluminum also inhibited lactate production by rat brain extracts: this effect was much more marked with glucose as substrate than with glucose-6-phosphate. However, the IC50 for inhibiting lactate production using glucose as substrate was 280 microM, higher than that required to inhibit hexokinase. This concentration of aluminum is comparable to those reportedly found in the brains of patients who had died with dialysis dementia and in the brains of some of the patients who had died with Alzheimer disease. Inhibition of carbohydrate utilization may be one of the mechanisms by which aluminum can act as a neurotoxin. PMID- 6229607 TI - Twenty-four hour plasma levels of growth hormone and prolactin in Huntington's disease. AB - Since hypothalamic neural degeneration is thought to occur in individuals with Huntington's disease, anterior pituitary hormone secretion which is in part regulated by the hypothalamus, was postulated to be altered in patients with this disease. To test this proposal, nine females with Huntington's disease were matched with controls to participate in a 24-hour basal level study of growth hormone and prolactin concentration in plasma. Patients who were free from all centrally active medication for at least six months and normal volunteers had blood sampled at 30-minute intervals over 24 hours in a minimal stress environment. The results demonstrated that plasma levels of growth hormone were elevated throughout the 24-hour time period in Huntington's disease individuals. Despite the elevation, the mean growth hormone curve of the Huntington's disease group retained characteristics similar to the control curve throughout the 24 hour time. Basal 24-hour plasma prolactin concentrations in Huntington's disease patients showed no difference from those in control individuals. PMID- 6229608 TI - Neurotoxicity of halogenated hydroxyquinolines. PMID- 6229609 TI - Topographic factors in distribution of homonymous group Ia-afferent input to cat medial gastrocnemius motoneurons. AB - Experiments were performed to determine whether the topographic relationships between muscle spindles and their surrounding extrafusal fibers are preserved in the pattern of homonymous, monosynaptic connections from Ia-afferents to motoneurons. The medial gastrocnemius (MG) muscle of adult cats was chosen as a model system because previous studies have shown that its muscle nerve divides into several branches, each of which innervates a distinct muscle compartment (20, 27, 28, 38), and that the Ia-afferent fibers innervating muscle spindles within a compartment are found in the same nerve branch (27, 28). Thus, we could make intracellular recordings from MG motoneurons, determine which intramuscular compartment they innervated, and then compare the synaptic input they received from Ia-afferents innervating the same compartment with that which they received from Ia-afferents innervating different compartments. Our results indicate that homonymous Ia-afferent input is "topographically weighted" within the MG motor nucleus such that afferents innervating a given intramuscular compartment exert relatively greater synaptic effects in motoneurons that project to the same compartment than in other homonymous motoneurons. The degree of topographic weighting was quite variable in the different experiments but appeared more prominently in experiments in which a high proportion of the motoneurons studied were characterized by high-rheobase values and low input resistances. This suggests that topographic factors may exert more influence on the distribution of Ia-afferent input to large motoneurons than to small motoneurons. In the DISCUSSION, the extent of topographic weighting within the homonymous motoneuron pool is compared with weighting across synergist motoneuron pools, and alternative models of topographic weighting are proposed and evaluated. PMID- 6229610 TI - Analysis of individual Ia-afferent EPSPs in a homonymous motoneuron pool with respect to muscle topography. AB - The spike-triggered averaging technique (26) was used to determine whether the synaptic input from medial gastrocnemius (MG) Ia-afferent fibers to homonymous motoneurons is "topographically weighted" (22) by means of differences in projection frequency, excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) amplitude, or a combination of both factors. Motoneurons were classified as either "same branch" or "other branch," depending on whether a Ia-afferent fiber and motor axon were contained in the same or different intramuscular nerve branches. No difference was found in the projection frequency of Ia-afferents to the same branch and other branch motoneurons (95 versus 94%, respectively). The mean EPSP amplitude was larger in the same branch group of motoneurons (92 +/- 8 (SE) microV; n = V; n = 97) than in the other branch group (77 +/- 7 microV; n = 79). This difference was most striking in high-rheobase (greater than or equal to 10 nA) motoneurons, for which the mean EPSP amplitude in the same branch group was 82 +/- 12 microV (n = 48), whereas that in the other branch group was 52 +/- 5 microV (n = 37). In 60 cases it was possible to compare the EPSPs produced by a same branch afferent and an other branch afferent in the same motoneuron. The same branch afferent produced the larger EPSP in 73% (44/60) of the cases. Moreover, the mean ratio of the same branch to the other branch EPSP amplitudes was 1.7, which was both statistically significant and consistent with analogous results from our preceding study of aggregate EPSPs (22). Mean rise times and half-widths of EPSPs in the same branch group were not significantly different from those in the other branch group. Furthermore, no significant differences in rise times or half widths between the two groups were evident when motoneurons were segregated according to their rheobase values. This suggests that the segregation of Ia afferent and motor axons across the intramuscular nerve branches is not reflected in the locations of Ia terminals on the motoneuron somadendritic surface and that other factors must account for observed EPSP amplitude differences. Our data suggest that the topographic weighting of homonymous Ia-afferent input to cat MG motoneurons is mediated by a gradient of EPSP amplitude rather than by a gradient of Ia connectivity and also suggest that the effect is most prominent in high rheobase motoneurons. PMID- 6229611 TI - Computerized tomography in lumbosciaticas of degenerative origin (disk hernia, lumbar arthrosis, narrow lumbar canal). Diagnostic value and radiosurgical correlations. PMID- 6229612 TI - Plasticity of fat cell number. AB - Rats fed ad libitum (group 1) had little change in fat cell number in epididymal depots from 6 to 27 months of age, but a marked increase in fat cell number in perirenal depots between 6 and 18 months. Food restriction of rats to 60% of group 1 from 6 weeks of age on (group 2) reduced fat cell number in both depots throughout life and prevented an increase between 6 and 18 months in perirenal depots. Food restriction of rats to 60% of group 1 from 6 weeks to 6 months of age and then feeding ad libitum (group 3) markedly reduced fat cell number in both depots at 12 months compared to group 1. However, by 18 months of age, group 3 rats had the same fat cell number as group 1 rats in both depots. Food restriction of rats to 60% of the intake of group 1 started at 6 months of age (group 4) had no effect on fat cell number in epididymal depots but prevented an increase between 6 and 18 months in perirenal fat cell number. Group 5 rats fed ad libitum but restricted in protein (same caloric intake as group 1 rats) had epididymal and perirenal depots with the same characteristics as those of group 1. These findings and others in the literature show that modifying fat cell number is a widely used means of modifying fat mass during both early and adult life. PMID- 6229613 TI - Effect of dietary fat level and polyunsaturated fatty acid content on the phospholipid composition of rat cardiac mitochondrial membranes and mitochondrial ATPase activity. AB - Weanling rats were fed either high fat diets containing 40% of calories as fat or low fat diets containing 15% of calories as fat for 14 days. All diets were formulated to contain equivalent essential nutrients per calorie content for the nonfat components. For both dietary fat levels, the polyunsaturated to saturated fatty acid (P/S) ratio was adjusted by substitution of beef tallow for soybean oil to provide a dietary P/S ratio of 2.0 or 0.25. After feeding, hearts were removed from six replicate groups of animals per diet treatment, and mitochondria were isolated. Phospholipids were extracted from the mitochondrial membranes, and cardiolipin, phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine content were quantitatively analyzed using an iatroscanner. In addition, fatty acyl tail composition of each purified phospholipid was determined. Mitochondrial ATPase was also assessed by ATP-32Pi exchange assay. Feeding high fat diets increased phosphatidylcholine content of the mitochondrial membrane. High fat diets resulted in a relative increase in mitochondrial cardiolipin content that was apparently unaffected by the P/S ratio of the diet fed. Both the fat level in the diet and the P/S content altered ATPase activity. This composition to those potentially consumed by humans can result in alterations in membrane structural constituents of cardiac mitochondria and have potential to alter lipid-dependent functions of integral membrane proteins. PMID- 6229614 TI - Radioassay of the folate-hydrolyzing enzyme activity, and the distribution of the enzyme in biological cells and tissues. AB - A sensitive radioassay method has been developed to quantitate the activity of the folate-hydrolyzing enzyme which catalyzes the hydrolysis of folic acid to pteroic acid and glutamic acid. The method is based on analyzing [2-14C]pteroic acid separated by a thin-layer chromatography on an Avicel SF cellulose plate using 0.1 M potassium phosphate buffer, pH 7.0, as a solvent. This method was found to be more sensitive than a conventional photometric method to determine the activity of the folate-hydrolyzing enzyme. High activities of the enzyme were found in Crithidia fasciculata ATCC 12857, Neurospora crassa IFO 6979 and rat liver. Smaller activities of the enzyme were widely distributed in other microbial cells and mammalian tissues. PMID- 6229615 TI - The relationship between spinal canal diameter and back pain in coal miners. Ultrasonic measurement as a screening test? AB - Back pain is the commonest cause of absence among coal miners. However, the degree of morbidity is variable. To determine whether the susceptible individual can be identified, ultrasound was used to measure the spinal canal diameters of 204 miners. The results show that those men with the longest histories and the longest times off work and those who had to leave the coalface or who left the industry--i.e., those with the greatest morbidity--had significantly narrower canals. Ultrasonic measurement of the spinal canal diameter is safe and noninvasive. Its use should be further evaluated as part of a preemployment screening procedure for back pain. PMID- 6229616 TI - Histochemical study of the masseter muscle in patients with vertical maxillary excess. AB - This study was designed to examine the morphologic properties of the masseter muscle in individuals with vertical maxillary excess (VME). The deep surface of the anterior aspect of the superficial masseter was biopsied in nine patients at the time of corrective surgery. Individual muscle fibers were classified as slow twitch-oxidative (SO), fast-twitch-oxidative-glycolytic (FOG), or fast-twitch glycolytic (FG) based on staining characteristics using a battery of histochemical procedures. Most patients had normal tissue, although there were considerable differences in size and distribution of the three fiber types. Generally, SO fibers were the largest and most prevalent type of fiber. Two individuals, however, demonstrated evidence of muscle pathology that primarily affected the FG fiber population. Histochemical evidence of muscle pathology has not previously been reported in patients with VME, and the pattern of SO dominance observed in these patients may be different from the distribution that would be seen in the masseter of a person free of craniofacial deformities. PMID- 6229617 TI - Radionuclide angiography in children. PMID- 6229618 TI - Transient neonatal leukemoid reactions in mosaic trisomy 21. PMID- 6229619 TI - Primary fascial closure in infants with gastroschisis and omphalocele: a superior approach. AB - The optimal surgical management of neonates with gastroschisis and omphalocele remains controversial. Early attempts at primary closure were limited by respiratory and vena cava compromise and were gradually replaced by skin closure only, staged reduction of implanted prostheses, and escharification of the intact omphalocele. Advances in surgical technique, neonatal intensive care, and mechanical ventilation have made primary closure a viable alternative once again. We wish to report a consecutive series of 73 infants, including 54 with gastroschisis and 19 with omphalocele, over a 16-year period. Fifty gastroschisis patients were closed primarily, with four deaths (8%), and four with staged prostheses, with one death (25%). Sixteen omphaloceles were closed primarily, with three deaths (19%); two closed with a staged prosthesis, and one patient, closed with skin flaps only, died (100%). Overall survival for primary closure was 59/66 (89%) and for staged reduction, 5/7 (43%). In the past 5 years all patients have been closed primarily with no deaths (100% survival). All survivors were alive and well 1 to 15 years postoperatively. Our current operative technique involves vigorous manual stretching of the abdominal cavity, manual emptying of the entire Gl tract, and primary fascial closure, with no gastrostomy. Key points in postoperative management include total paralysis and mechanical ventilation, as the initially tense abdominal wall softens over 1 to 2 days, followed by weaning from the ventilator, and vigorous fluid support. Gl function returns more rapidly after primary closure (average of 3 days) and hospital stay is not prolonged. Other complications (intestinal obstruction, two patients; fistulae, one patient, etc) are much less frequent.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6229620 TI - Staged reduction using a Silastic sac is the treatment of choice for large congenital abdominal wall defects. AB - Although the survival for infants with abdominal wall defects (AWD) has dramatically improved, agreement on the optimum surgical approach has not been reached. From October 1970 through March 1983, 31 neonates with gastroschisis and 14 neonates with omphalocele were treated. Reduction of the herniated viscera with primary fascial and skin closure was performed in 30% of the gastroschisis patients and 64% of the omphalocele patients. The remaining infants were managed by staged reduction of the herniated viscera using a Silastic sac. Overall, 27 of 45 patients (60%) were treated by staged reduction. Our procedure for staged reduction includes application of a Silastic sac as soon as the infant is stable. The herniated contents are reduced as rapidly as possible so that the prosthetic sacs can be removed within seven days. Abdominal wall stretching, "milking" of the intestinal contents into the stomach for decompression and a gastrostomy tube are avoided. The duration of hospitalization was not influenced by the method of abdominal wall closure in the gastroschisis infants. However, the hospitalization was approximately 10 days longer for those omphalocele patients managed by staged reduction. Complications which occurred in these patients include: respiratory distress (1); wound infection after removal of the Silastic sac (2); intestinal fistula (1); intestinal resection (3); intraabdominal sepsis (1); and incisional hernia (3). There was one death in the omphalocele group and three deaths in the gastroschisis group. Therefore, the overall survival for the 45 patients with AWD was 91%. Staged reduction of the herniated abdominal contents can be a safe, uncomplicated method of obtaining abdominal wall closure in neonates with AWD. PMID- 6229621 TI - The treatment of the developing malocclusion--evolution or revolution. PMID- 6229622 TI - History of periodontitis in a child with Papillon-Lefevre syndrome. A case report. AB - An unusual case of Papillon-Lefevre syndrome is reported. The 10-year-old boy exhibited all symptoms typical of this disease except premature loss of primary teeth. The patient's past history, his status at first examination, an initial successful treatment phase, the efforts made at long-term maintenance and the eventual treatment failure are described. The bacterial plaque covering subgingival root surfaces was examined by scanning electron microscopy, and the histopathologic alterations of glossy, glaring red gingival tissue halos are described and discussed with respect to the pathogenesis of periodontitis associated with this syndrome. PMID- 6229623 TI - Appearance of intoxication in rats by intraperitoneal administration of clioquinol. AB - The investigation was undertaken to study the neurological symptoms in rats caused by maintaining high plasma concentration of about 30 nmol/ml or more, of clioquinol. Clioquinol suspension which was prepared using polysorbate 80 was administered intraperitoneally to rats and plasma and tissue concentrations were determined. On administration of clioquinol of 100 and 200 mg/kg, the mean plasma concentrations of clioquinol reached maximum values of 30 and 58 nmol/ml, respectively, after 0.5-1 h and thereafter decreased rapidly. With 400 mg/kg, however, plasma concentration reached maximum value of about 75 nmol/ml and fell slowly. By single and repeated administration of the suspension, clioquinol was distributed in the liver and kidney at a high concentration, and also in the nervous system. In experiments on appearance of neurotoxicity in rats by repeated administration of the suspension, all of 10 rats administered intraperitoneally with 100 mg/kg/d did not develop any neurological symptoms for about 30 d. On the other hand, one of 10 and 7 of 13 rats administered with 200 and 400 mg/kg/d, respectively, developed ataxia in the hind legs or all legs on the 3rd to the 12th day after starting administration. Pathologically, a slight change of the peripheral nerve, central chromatolysis of the anterior horn neuron and severe neuronal degeneration of the Ammon's horn were observed in the rats with ataxia. PMID- 6229624 TI - Effect of experimental acute renal failure on intrinsic renal tubular secretory clearance of organic cations in rats. AB - Effect of experimental acute renal failure (EARF) on the intrinsic renal tubular secretory clearance (CLscnint) of tetraethylammonium bromide (TEA) and N1 methylnicotinamide (NMN) was examined in rats treated with glycerol, folate, salicylate, uranium and gentamicin. The values of CLscnint was calculated by an equation incorporating the determinants of the renal clearance (CLr), i.e., renal tubular secretory clearance (CLscnr), glomerular filtration rate (GFR), renal plasma flow (RPF), free fraction of the drug in plasma (fp) and fraction (Freabs) of the drug reabsorbed after filtration and secretion in the urine. In the EARF rats, the values of CLscnint of NMN and TEA were decreased by 0.017-0.575 times and by 0.005-0.737 times as compared to those of the normal rats, respectively. It was suggested that the decreases in CLscnr of both NMN and TEA were due not to the decrease in RPF, but to that in CLscnint. PMID- 6229625 TI - Quantitation of norfloxacin, a new antibacterial agent in human plasma and urine by ion-pair reverse-phase chromatography. AB - A specific and sensitive high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the analysis of norfloxacin in human plasma and urine is described. Norfloxacin was extracted from the sample matrix using dichloromethane under neutral conditions, followed by back extraction into dilute phosphoric acid for chromatographic analysis on a reverse-phase column with a mobile phase consisting of methanol, phosphate buffer, and ion-pairing reagent (pH 3.0) at a flow rate of 2.0 mL/min. The ability of this method to distinguish intact norfloxacin from its metabolites was demonstrated. The method is linear, quantitative, and reproducible for both plasma analysis (0.05-2.5 microgram/mL) and urinalysis (1.0-500 micrograms/mL) using peak area ratios (norfloxacin-internal standard) for quantitation. The stability of norfloxacin and its metabolites in dilute phosphoric acid was studied. To assess the presence of norfloxacin conjugates in the urine of dosed individuals, the effects of urine hydrolysis on drug quantitation were examined. Urine and plasma levels of norfloxacin at selected time points following the administration of single drug doses are presented. PMID- 6229626 TI - Differences in the effects of selenite and biological selenium on the chemical form and distribution of mercury after the simultaneous administration of HgCl2 and selenium to rats. AB - The interaction was compared between inorganic (HgCl2) mercury and selenite (Na2SeO3) vs. the interaction between inorganic mercury and biological selenium (a freeze-dried preparation of liver from rats treated with selenite). Organ concentrations of selenium were always significantly lower after biological selenium than after selenite. Biological selenium affected the organ distribution of inorganic mercury differently than selenite. Furthermore, the speciation of mercury was affected by this form of selenium. A mercury-selenide compound (presumably HgSe) accounted for a greater proportion of total mercury in tissues after selenite than after a dose of biological selenium. Administration of selenomethionine had a similar effect on the speciation of mercury to that seen after biological selenium. As the forms of selenium in selenomethionine or selenium deposited in the liver are most likely nearer than selenite to selenium present in food, our results suggest that, as far as the reaction of mercury with selenide is concerned, experiments with selenite overestimate the protective effect of dietary selenium against inorganic mercury and possibly against methylmercury. PMID- 6229628 TI - The Modified Somatic Perception Questionnaire (MSPQ). AB - The development of a new scale to measure somatic and autonomic perception, the Modified Somatic Perception Questionnaire or MSPQ is described. It has been derived specifically for use with chronic backache patients, although its utility with other chronic pain problems is currently under investigation. Following pilot studies on anxious patients and normal controls a pool of items was subjected to reliability checks and parallel-form analysis. The final 13 item scale was derived from a pilot study of 102 chronic backache patients and its construct validity confirmed on a further study of 200 backache patients. Sex differences in the use of the scale were integrated into the final version. The scale was compared with the Zung Depression Inventory and the first three clinical scales of the M.M.P.I. Individual items were compared with clinical symptomatology rated independently by an orthopaedic surgeon. In a small experimental study the MSPQ was compared with electromyographic readings from the erector spinae muscles and biceps, with the rating of pain using the McGill Pain Questionnaire, and with experimental ischaemic pain using the submaximum effort tourniquet test. In other studies the scale has been shown to be of importance in the understanding of functional disability. Its predictive validity in response to treatment is currently under investigation in studies of spinal fusion, chemonucleosis and multidisciplinary pain programmes. The simple 13 item four point self-report scale is easy to administer, has high patient compliance and, in conjunction with measures of depressive symptomatology and inappropriate signs and symptoms would seem to be of considerable promise in the understanding of the sequelae of backache and much more sensitive than traditional measures of personality structure. PMID- 6229627 TI - Interpretation of fusimotor activity in cat masseter nerve during reflex jaw movements. AB - Simultaneous recordings were made from fusimotor axons in the central ends of filaments of the masseter nerve, and from masseter and temporalis spindle afferents in the mesencephalic nucleus of the fifth cranial nerve in lightly anaesthetized cats. Fusimotor and alpha-motor units in the masseter nerve were differentiated on the basis of their response to passive ramp and hold stretches applied to the jaw. Spindle afferents were identified as primary or secondary according to their dynamic index after administration of suxamethonium. The activity of a given fusimotor unit during reflex movements of the jaw followed one of two distinct patterns: so-called 'tonic' units showed a general increase in activity during a movement, without detailed relation to lengthening or shortening, while 'modulated' units displayed a striking modulation of their activity with shortening, and were usually silent during subsequent lengthening. Comparison of the simultaneously recorded fusimotor and spindle afferent activity suggests that modulated units may be representative of a population of static fusimotor neurones, and tonic units of a population of dynamic fusimotor neurones. In these lightly anaesthetized animals, both primary and secondary spindle afferents showed increased firing during muscle shortening as well as during lengthening. This increase during shortening is not usually seen in conscious animals and reasons are given for the view that it is due to greater depression of alpha-motor activity than of static fusimotor activity during anaesthesia. The results are discussed in relation to the theories of 'alpha gamma co-activation' and of 'servo-assistance'; and it is suggested that static fusimotor neurones provide a 'temporal template' of the intended movement, while dynamic fusimotor neurones set the required dynamic sensitivity to deviations from the intended movement pattern. PMID- 6229629 TI - Carbohydrate metabolism in 'delayed implanting' mouse blastocysts undergoing activation in utero and in vitro. AB - Delayed blastocysts were activated by injecting oestradiol-17 beta to delayed implanting mice or by exposure to culture medium lacking serum. Four enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism (phosphofructokinase, pyruvate kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase) were studied at different time periods and specific time-dependent changes were found during activation. A characteristic feature was a marked decline by 6 h in the activities of phosphofructokinase and pyruvate kinase. Blastocyst activation in vitro and in utero showed similar trends in metabolic patterns during the 24-h period studied. PMID- 6229630 TI - Suppressor cells in the human maternal-fetal relationship. AB - The mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC) of maternal and newborn (cord) cells is significantly weaker than that of father-newborn and control-newborn cultures. This hyporeactivity was found not to be due to an impaired function or tolerance of either the maternal or neonatal cells. We investigated the possibility that a specific, in vivo-induced suppressor cell was active in the diminished maternal newborn reaction. Suppressor cells were found to be active in both the stimulating and responding populations in the unidirectional MLC. The removal of TG cells from the responding (maternal or newborn) population resulted in an increase of reactivity specific for the corresponding stimulating population (newborn or maternal). The suppressor activity within the stimulating population was carried out by a radiosensitive cell, which did not require proliferation to exert its effect. We suggest that the observed hyporeactivity of maternal-newborn mixed lymphocyte cultures is due to the modulation of the reaction by specific, in vivo-induced suppressor cells. PMID- 6229631 TI - Ultrasound and the pelvic mass. AB - We compared the findings from pelvic examination, preoperative ultrasound and surgery on 50 patients who underwent exploratory laparotomy for a pelvic mass at Tulane University Medical Center. Of the 50 cases, 34 (68%) were correctly diagnosed as a pelvic mass by both pelvic examination and ultrasonography. Ultrasound had nine false negatives (21%) and only one false positive (2%). Pelvic examination had 7 false positives (16%). There was no statistical difference by chi-square analysis in the accuracy between ultrasonography and pelvic examination in the detection or diagnosis of the masses. Ultrasound indicated pathology not associated with the suspected mass in ten patients; surgery confirmed pathology in five of them. More errors occurred on both pelvic examination and ultrasonography in obese patients than in nonobese ones: seven of the ten ultrasound errors occurred in obese patients, and five of the seven pelvic exam errors also occurred in obese patients. In the nine cases of false negative ultrasound findings surgery was postponed, but all of them eventually underwent surgery because of a deteriorating clinical course. In our study pelvic ultrasonography was not beneficial in the management of patients with a known or suspected pelvic mass, but it was very accurate for confirmation of a mass. PMID- 6229632 TI - Prevalence and social impact of rheumatic diseases in Finland. AB - The prevalence and social impact of rheumatic diseases as established from interview surveys and disability pension statistics have markedly increased in Finland. This is probably due to a change in disease experience and social legislation rather than to an increase in the disability caused by these diseases. The prevalence of disability, rather than that of the disease, would be a preferable basis for monitoring the state of public health. PMID- 6229633 TI - Immunogenetic analysis of rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Statistical association between rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and the HLA-D region antigen, HLA-DR4-MT3, was confirmed. HLA-linked immune suppression genes (Is genes) were demonstrate, which controlled proliferative T cell response to streptococcal cell wall antigen or IgE response to cedar pollen antigen in vitro. The absence of such genes may predispose to autoimmune diseases or allergy. An HLA-linked Is-gene in negative linkage disequilibrium with HLA-DR4-MT3 was proposed to be one of the most likely genetic factors determining the resistance to RA. PMID- 6229634 TI - Antiallergic agents. 3. N-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)-2-pyridinecarboxamides. AB - A series of N-tetrazolylpyridinecarboxamides was prepared and evaluated for antiallergic activity by the passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) assay. From the structure-activity relationships (SAR) of this class of compounds, it was revealed that the N-tetrazolylcarbamoyl group as an acidic functionality is required to be at the 2-position of the pyridine nucleus and that the phenyl group as a subtituent is not necessarily required for activity. 6-Methyl-N-(1H tetrazol-5-yl)-2-pyridinecarboxamide (36) showed good oral activity and low toxicity. PMID- 6229635 TI - Chromosome variation in perinatal mortality: a survey of 500 cases. AB - The results of chromosome analyses on 500 cases of perinatal deaths are reported. It was found that 4.8% were chromosomally abnormal, but 90% of the chromosomally abnormal were either clinically malformed or macerated fetuses. Of the macerated fetuses, 9% were chromosomally abnormal and of these 33% had trisomy 21. The data suggest that the high loss of trisomy 21 fetuses in later stages of pregnancy is of an order sufficient to explain the discrepancy between the higher numbers of trisomy 21 detected during amniotic fluid sampling than found at birth in women of 35 years and over. PMID- 6229636 TI - The incidence of Down's syndrome over a 19-year period. PMID- 6229637 TI - Skin microbiology: coming of age. PMID- 6229638 TI - Suppressor T cell numbers and function in atopic patients with high serum IgE levels. AB - Suppressor T cell function and the sensitivity of lymphocyte transformation to histamine has been studied in 9 atopic patients with high serum IgE levels and in 14 controls. The effect of concanavalin A (Con A) induced suppressor T cells on the proliferative response of fresh lymphocytes to mitogens and antigens was measured; in atopic subjects the median suppression to 5.0 micrograms/ml Con A was 80% to 1.0 microgram/ml Phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) was 73%, to Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus extract was 45% and to streptokinase- streptodornase was 24%. Indomethacin increased lymphocyte proliferation to mitogens, but to a variable degree, in both groups. Histamine suppressed lymphocyte transformation to PHA and Con A (median suppression in normal subjects 38 and 46%, and in atopics 51 and 60%) and to D. Pteronyssinus extract. There was no significant difference between normal subjects and atopics in any of these functional assays. The relative and absolute numbers of total T cells, helper T cells and suppressor T cells measured by monoclonal antibodies and the helper to suppressor T cell ratio were normal in the atopic group. These results show that the activity of Con A induced suppressor T cells and the effect of histamine and indomethacin on lymphocyte proliferation is normal in highly atopic subjects. No suppressor T cell defect has been identified using these assays. PMID- 6229639 TI - Characterization of human effector and suppressor T cells by their activity in mixed lymphocyte reaction and by monoclonal antibody phenotyping. AB - Human T effector and T suppressor cell subpopulations which are functionally operative in the local graft-versus-host reaction were enriched and separated on the basis of their respective ability to form (or not to form) rosettes with sheep red blood cells in the presence of theophylline. These subpopulations were then tested as stimulators and as responders in the allogeneic mixed lymphocyte reaction assay against the same mononuclear cells. Among 18 normal donors, theophylline resistant cells responded more vigorously to mononuclear cells (SI, 9.9 +/- 9.8) than theophylline-sensitive cells (6.7 +/- 5.7, p less than 0.08). In contrast, T-effector cells were poorer stimulators of the same MNC (SI, 4.0 +/ 5.6) when compared to the stimulatory capacity of T suppressor cells (SI, 7.1 +/ 9.8, p less than 0.05). Similar studies among 14 patients with disseminated cancer showed the same, but more pronounced differences. Thus, the theophylline resistant T effector cells were vigorous responders (SI, 14.7 +/- 10.0) compared to the weak response of the theophylline-sensitive T suppressor cells to the same mononuclear cells (SI, 3.4 +/- 1.8, p less than 0.01). Again, in contrast, T effector cells stimulated mononuclear cells poorly (SI, 1.0 +/- 0.5) while T suppressor cells induced a weak but significant stimulation (SI, 3.2 +/- 2.1, p less than 0.05). Phenotyping of these two functionally distinct subpopulations with monoclonal antibodies to subsets of T cells (Leu I, II, III) and for the HLA DR antigen (OKIal) showed no enrichment for any of the phenotypes as defined by these antibodies.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6229640 TI - Control of expression of the Tn10-encoded tetracycline resistance operon. II. Interaction of RNA polymerase and TET repressor with the tet operon regulatory region. AB - The promoter and operator sequences of the Tn10-encoded tetracycline resistance operon are determined in vitro by transcription studies of purified DNA restriction fragments, protection of guanosine from methylation by dimethylsulphate, and DNase I footprinting employing the purified TET repressor protein. In vitro transcription reveals three promoters with overlapping consensus sequences. Two of them, designated PR1 and PR2, are directed towards the tet repressor gene and the third, called PA, initiates transcription of the tet resistance gene. All three promoters are regulated simultaneously by the TET repressor protein, as demonstrated by in vitro transcription. Tetracycline functions as an inducer in these experiments. Two palindromic operator sequences in the tet operon control region, called O1 and O2, are occupied simultaneously by the TET repressor. Four guanosine residues in symmetric positions close to the centre of the palindromic operator sequences are protected from methylation in the repressor-operator complex. However, only one guanosine residue exhibits an enhanced reaction with dimethylsulphate under these conditions. Footprinting experiments reveal protection of phosphodiester bonds against DNase I slightly further than the palindromic sequence arrangement. Several phosphodiester bonds between the two operators are accessible for cleavage by DNase I in the repressor operator complex. Two phosphodiester bonds within each operator sequence are cleaved by DNase I. This feature shows a clear assymmetry with the two inside cleavage positions of O1 and O2 being much less accessible for DNase I as compared to the two outside positions. A molecular mechanism of regulation of the Tn10-encoded tetracycline resistance operon is presented based on these and previous results. PMID- 6229641 TI - Role of cII protein in stimulating transcription initiation at the lambda PRE promoter. Enhanced formation and stabilization of open complexes. AB - Abortive and productive initiation assays were used to study transcription initiation at the PRE promoter of phage lambda in vitro. Two parameters were measured: k2, the rate constant for the transition between closed and open complexes; and KB, the equilibrium constant for the initial binding of RNA polymerase to promoter DNA. In the absence of cII protein (which activates PRE) the PRE promoter was extremely weak as expected, with k2 = 4.0 X 10(-4) S-1 and KB = 1.0 X 10(7) M-1. The addition of cII protein resulted in about a 15-fold increase in KB and a 40-fold increase in k2. Thus, cII activation of PRE results both in enhanced binding of RNA polymerase to DNA to form closed complexes and in an enchanced rate of isomerization of closed to open complexes. In addition, we found that open complexes formed in the presence of cII protein were at least four times as stable as those formed in its absence. This suggests that RNA polymerase and cII protein may remain in close contact even after complexes are formed. PMID- 6229642 TI - Is routine hepatic flow study cost effective? A case of hepatic cavernous hemangioma evaluated with dynamic flow study and delayed blood pool images. AB - A case of hepatic hemangioma was evaluated with radionuclide hepatic flow study, static scans, blood pool images, and angiography. The hemangioma appeared "avascular" on the hepatic flow study. Blood pool image with technetium 99m human serum albumin was diagnostic in findings and quality for cavernous hemangioma. PMID- 6229643 TI - Effects of environmental pollutants on the mitochondrial and red cell membranes. AB - Most environmental pollutants affect biological membranes more or less, resulting in an increase in permeability of mitochondrial and red cell membranes, which causes changes in potassium compartmentation, and also impairment of oxidative phosphorylation of mitochondria. Authors classified various environmental pollutants from the mode of action on biological membranes. PMID- 6229644 TI - Scintigraphic diagnosis of stress-induced incomplete fractures of the proximal tibia. AB - Incomplete stress fractures of the proximal tibial diaphysis can be diagnosed by bone scintigraphy. The scintigraphic appearance of incomplete rather than complete tibial stress fractures is apparently reported for the first time in this article. With no treatment other than restricted activity, this injury heals rapidly and completely in 4 to 6 weeks. The major threat to the patient's welfare is unfounded suspicion of tumor or infection which may lead to biopsy or inappropriate therapy. PMID- 6229645 TI - Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of the renal arteries. AB - Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) of renal artery stenosis has proved highly efficacious, particularly in patients with lateralizing renal vein renin ratios, fibromuscular dysplasia, and atherosclerotic lesions confined to one renal artery without involvement of the aortic wall surrounding the renal ostium. In some series, a moderate recurrence rate has been reported, but these recurrences usually respond well to redilatation. Complications are relatively rare and generally not serious. Early results compare favorably with those of large surgical series. Some of the disparities in published results of renal PTA may be accounted for by differences in technique. Important advances in both equipment and PTA technique have occurred since the procedure was introduced in 1978; these may prove to favorably affect the long-term results. PMID- 6229646 TI - Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty. Council on Scientific Affairs. PMID- 6229647 TI - Huntington's chorea and reality orientation. PMID- 6229648 TI - Mortality among young black women using contraceptives. AB - Data on the risk of death associated with various contraceptive methods are incomplete. Therefore, we analyzed the mortality rates for young, black inner city women who used one of four methods of contraception--oral contraceptives, depomedroxyprogesterone acetate, intrauterine (contraceptive) devices, and barrier methods. The subjects were 30,580 15- to 44-year-old women who enrolled at a family planning clinic between 1967 and 1972 and who were observed by monitoring death certificates through the end of 1977. Forty percent of the 218 deaths observed were from accidents and violence. Use of this family planning clinic greatly reduced the risk of death from childbearing; only two deaths were associated with pregnancy and childbirth, compared with the 24 deaths expected. Overall, users of the four methods died at similar, low rates. Given that this study involves considerable loss to follow-up, possible acute effects of contraceptives (eg, infections or thrombosis) are more accurately estimated than possible long-term effects (eg, cancer). PMID- 6229649 TI - Postoperative deep vein thrombosis--early diagnosis and prophylaxis. AB - The incidence of postoperative deep vein thrombosis (DVT) was investigated using the 125I-fibrinogen method and measurement of beta-thromboglobulin on surgical and gynecological patients. It was definitely lower in Japan as compared to Western countries. The age of 50 or more and malignant diseases were significant as risk factors for development of DVT. The presence of hypercoagulability before surgery and on the first postoperative day in addition to postoperative impaired fibrinolysis was considered to be the most important factor in development of DVT. The efficacy of the graded compression stocking for the prevention of DVT was confirmed, reducing from 13.5 per cent to 4.0 per cent. Furthermore, the most effective preventive method is the use of an intermittent pneumatic compression device for high risk patients with DVT. PMID- 6229650 TI - [Mycotoxins as a tool for the analysis of biological function]. PMID- 6229651 TI - [New approaches to the treatment of autoimmune hemolytic anemia]. PMID- 6229652 TI - [Blood coagulation, fibrinolysis and vascular wall injury]. PMID- 6229654 TI - [Kawasaki disease as immune complex disease]. PMID- 6229653 TI - [Evidence for a possible role of the mite antigen in Kawasaki disease]. PMID- 6229655 TI - [Radionuclide angiography in aneurysm of the thoracic aorta]. PMID- 6229656 TI - [Renal angioplasty with Levin catheter]. PMID- 6229657 TI - [Measurement of cutaneous blood flow by a laser Doppler flowmeter in patients with systemic sclerosis]. PMID- 6229659 TI - [Immune response to hen egg-white lysozyme (HEL). II. Characteristics of T cell hybridoma-derived suppressor factor]. PMID- 6229658 TI - [Preparation of TNP-specific T cell clone]. PMID- 6229660 TI - Establishment and characterization of continuous murine non-specific suppressor T cell lines. AB - Normal mouse spleen cells were activated by Con A and suppressor T cells were enriched by the use of peanut agglutinin (PNA). Cells of the enriched suppressor T cell fraction were further cultured in a medium containing T cell growth factor (TCGF) and the suppressor T cell lines were established. These cell lines have been growing in culture for more than one year and retained surface characteristics of Thy-1+, Lyt-1-, 2- and bear receptor sites for PNA. The suppressor clones exerted an inhibitory effect on in vitro antigen specific and antigen nonspecific PFC responses. The culture supernatant of these clones had a suppressive effect on the in vitro humoral responses, indicating that a soluble factor mediates at least partly the suppressive activity of the antigen nonspecific suppressor T cells. Moreover, it was revealed that the suppressor cells must exist at an early stage of PFC culture to exert their activity. PMID- 6229661 TI - In vitro activation of human adherent cells by a glucan, Schizophyllan. AB - Adherent cells from human peripheral blood were cultured in the presence of purified beta(1-3) glucan (SPG) derived from basidiomycetes Schizophyllun commune Fries, and kinetics of activation was studied. Acid phosphatase activity of the adherent cells cultured with SPG increased in parallel with the dose after 48 hours of incubation. Cytostatic activity of the adherent cells cultured with SPG was also augmented after the same incubation period. The elevated level of acid phosphatase activity and the cytostatic activity of SPG-treated adherent cells were in parallel with the cytotoxic activity of these cells. These results indicate that SPG can directly activate human adherent cells in vitro. PMID- 6229662 TI - [Flow dynamics of the coronary circulation]. PMID- 6229663 TI - [Abnormal metabolism in acute renal failure--mercuric chloride model and renal energy metabolism]. PMID- 6229664 TI - [Fourier analysis of multi-gated blood-pool data in patients with congenital heart diseases. (I). Assessment of left-to-right shunt, with special reference to ventricular septal defect]. PMID- 6229665 TI - [Bone scintigraphic findings in 2 cases of myositis ossificans progressiva]. PMID- 6229666 TI - [Effect of deep inspiration on Vmax in the normal control and patients with bronchial asthma--evaluation by the airway reversibility test with ipratropium bromide inhalation]. PMID- 6229667 TI - Macrophage inflammatory responses in rats and mice with autochthonous and transplanted tumors induced by 3-methylcholanthrene. AB - Autochthonous and transplanted tumors induced by 3-methylcholanthrene-impregnated paraffin pellets in DA rats and C57BL/6 mice were analyzed for effects on macrophage inflammatory responses. Tumors emerged in 40% of carcinogen-treated rats with a mean latency of 8.1 months. During the latent period, rats treated with carcinogen versus rats treated only with paraffin had a higher frequency of depressed macrophage responses, which, however, did not alter either tumor latency or incidence. Tumors emerged in 70% of carcinogen-treated mice with a mean latency of 110 days. Prior to tumor emergence, mice treated with carcinogen or paraffin had a higher frequency of depressed responses than untreated control mice, and such abnormalities in the presence of carcinogen were positively associated with tumor development. Macrophage responses were not altered in rats or mice bearing large autochthonous tumors, although emerging tumors in rats but not in mice were associated with a modest inhibition in macrophage responses. Autochthonous tumors that did not induce macrophage abnormalities did so in syngeneic recipients upon tumor transplantation. PMID- 6229668 TI - Inability to elicit rapid cytocidal effects on L1210 cells derived from porphyrin injected mice following in vitro photoirradiation. AB - The role of the neoplastic cell in both porphyrin localization and the photochemotherapeutic response was investigated with the use of a series of tumor localizing porphyrins and the L1210 tumor system. In vivo photoirradiation of DBA/2Ha mice bearing L1210 solid tumors and previously given injections of meso tetra-(4-sulfonatophenyl)-porphine, meso-tetra-(4-carboxyphenyl)-porphine, or hematoporphyrin derivative (Hpd) indicated that all three chemicals elicited a photodynamic response resulting in necrosis of exposed tissue. Isolation of tumor cells from mice given injections of porphyrin with the use of mild mechanical means and physiologic conditions followed by in vitro photoirradiation of the cells under conditions established to optimize rapid cytocidal effects resulted in no appreciable cell death. A similar situation was noted with the use of spleen cells from mice given injections of Hpd, the spleen cells presumably containing substantial amounts of porphyrin. Both fluorescence microscopy and chemical extraction and quantitation of the porphyrins in the cells indicated that the inability to elicit a rapid cytocidal effect upon in vitro photoirradiation resulted from either the absence of or the presence of only very small amounts of porphyrin. These results indicate that in this particular tumor system the neoplastic cell per se plays only a minor role in porphyrin localization and, as a consequence, cannot be readily killed upon photoirradiation, suggesting that rapid cytocidal effects, due solely to porphyrin contained within the cell, probably do not occur among the majority of parenchymal cells during in vivo photoirradiation. PMID- 6229670 TI - [Surgical tactics in closed injuries of the duodenum]. PMID- 6229669 TI - Altered glomerular permeability in the early phase of immune complex nephritis. AB - We investigated the pathogenesis of increased glomerular permeability in Balb/c mice after 5 weeks of administration of a polyclonal B cell activator (bacterial lipopolysaccharide). The glomerular transfer of anionic ferritin across the capillary walls and the urinary excretion of serum albumin served as probes of glomerular permeability; anionic groups of the glomerular basement membrane were assessed by the binding of cationized ferritin, and glomeruli were studied by light, immunofluorescence, and electron microscopy. The mice developed circulating immune complexes, proteinuria, and a proliferative glomerulonephritis, with mesangial and capillary loop deposits of immunoreactants. Increased transfer of anionic ferritin molecules occurred across capillary walls with and without demonstrable electron-dense deposits; detachments of visceral epithelium were not seen, and epithelial transport of anionic ferritin was negligible. Loss of anionic groups was extensive in glomerular capillary loops with and without associated electron-dense deposits. The findings indicate that an increase in glomerular permeability may precede the deposition of immunoreactants in the capillary wall; that filtration of macromolecules can occur across capillary walls with or without demonstrable immune deposits; and that loss of anionic groups of the glomerular basement membrane and enhanced filtration of macromolecules can occur in the absence of focal detachments of the visceral epithelium. PMID- 6229671 TI - [Petr Aleksandrovich Hertzen (on the 80th anniversary of the P.A. Hertzen Moscow Oncological Research Institute)]. PMID- 6229672 TI - [28th Rehabilitation Congress of the German Society for the Rehabilitation of the Handicapped; from 19-21 October 1983 in Munster. Congress theme: the handicapped child in rehabilitation]. PMID- 6229673 TI - Shear bond strengths of five composite anterior restoratives. PMID- 6229674 TI - Compound grafts of xenopericardium and Dacron fabric for repair or replacement of great vessels: a method to avoid interstitial and suture hole bleeding. AB - Compound grafts constructed by wrapping pericardial xenografts around fabric grafts were used for replacement or repair of the great vessels. After cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), bleeding through the compound graft is nil. Nine patients had the intrathoracic aorta replaced with a compound graft, and eight patients had patch repair of the ascending aorta or the right ventricular outflow tract. Bleeding in all patients was minimal because the nonporous nature of the xenopericardium avoids interstitial and suture hole hemorrhage until normal hemostasis is obtained. PMID- 6229675 TI - Kinetics of protein A activation of mononuclear cells from patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia--I. CLL B-cells are not intrinsically unresponsive to staphylococcal protein A. AB - The response of lymphocyte subpopulations to staphylococcal Protein A (SPA) was studied in patients with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and normal volunteers. The kinetics of the proliferative response, optimal dose and sera requirements were determined. Of 92 experiments conducted in 60 patients, SPA induced peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) proliferation in 81.5% of cases studied. The mean proliferative response of CLL PBMC was significantly lower than normal PBMC, 5823 vs. 30,364 cpm. However, enriched CLL B-cells failed to respond to SPA compared to normal enriched B-cells, with mean cpm 444 vs. 6438 respectively. As PBMC from CLL consist of increased proportions of B-cells and decreased proportions of T-cells, enriched CLL B-cells were cultured at 1: 1 ratio with autologous or allogeneic normal T-cell enriched fractions. CLL B lymphocytes were stimulated by SPA when cultured in the presence of T lymphocytes, indicating a T-helper defect in the B-CLL proliferative response to SPA, rather than an intrinsic inability of CLL B-cells to proliferate. These observations are of import for further studies of CLL B-lymphocyte function, cytogenetics, and establishment of CLL B-cell lines in culture. PMID- 6229676 TI - Microcomputer-based approach to the automation of flow rate measurement: a fully automatic mictiometer. PMID- 6229677 TI - [3 years' experience with intraoperative transluminal angioplasty--a retrospective study]. AB - From 1980-1982 45 transluminal angioplasties were carried out intraoperatively (ITA) in 42 patients with a mean age of 59 years for the improvement of the inflow or outflow in connection with conventional reconstructive techniques (n = 26), as angioplasty alone with surgical exposure of the arteries for introduction of the catheter material (n = 10) and after thrombectomy for elimination of the cause of occlusion (n = 9). The pelvic vascular bed was dilated eight times, the femoropopliteal vessels 30 times and a stenosed hemodialysis shunt was dilated five times. Intraoperatively, perforation occurred once in the pelvic region. Four occlusions (1 X pelvis, 3 X femoropopliteal) could not be passed with instruments. In 8.8% immediate occlusions always occurred femoropopliteally. The causes were vessel wall dissection and calcification. One patient died for cardic reasons 14 days postoperatively. We saw one recurrent occlusion in the postoperative observation period of 9.7 months (0.5-28 months), also in this case in the femoral region. Since all recurrent occlusions occurred femoropopliteally in this region the indication for ITA must be made strictly. The dilatation of the pelvic arteries displays good long term results with a slight risk and should even be used intraoperatively as the treatment of first choice in the presence of appropriate morphology. PMID- 6229678 TI - Cyclo(Leu-Gly) attenuates the striatal dopaminergic supersensitivity induced by chronic morphine: agonist binding to D2 dopamine receptors correlates with stereotypic behavior. AB - We have previously shown that MIF and its structural analog, cyclo-(Leu-Gly), block analgesic tolerance and some signs of physical dependence following chronic opiate administration. The mechanism of action of these peptides has not been clearly elucidated. The data presented here suggests that chronic opiate administration causes a behavioral supersensitivity to dopamine (DA) agonists which is highly correlated with an increase in D2-Hi receptor affinity for DA agonists, but not antagonists. Both the behavioral and receptor changes are blocked by prior administration of cyclo(Leu-Gly). This suggests that the ability of cyclo(Leu-Gly) to block the development of opiate addictive states may involve DA synaptic elements. PMID- 6229679 TI - Effects of dopaminergic and serotonergic drugs on ethanol-induced hypothermia. AB - The effects of dopaminergic and serotonergic drugs on ethanol-induced hypothermia were studied in the rat. Pretreatment with haloperidol attenuated the hypothermia in a dose-dependent manner. Apomorphine produced a dose-dependent effect on the hypothermia. At a dose of 2.0 mg/kg, apomorphine potentiated ethanol-induced hypothermia, whereas at 0.1 mg/kg, it produced a delayed attenuation effect between 30 min and 45 min after its injection. The former effect was blocked by haloperidol, whereas the latter was not affected by haloperidol, but blocked by pretreatment with parachlorophenylalanine. It is concluded that both dopamine and serotonin exert modulatory effects on ethanol-induced hypothermia. PMID- 6229680 TI - [Decrease in the turnover of paramedical personnel in a resuscitation department]. PMID- 6229681 TI - [Proliferation of smooth muscle cells, endothelium and heart muscle cells as well as its significance for cardiovascular diseases (in comparison to maturation and aging)]. PMID- 6229682 TI - [Selected problems in the experimental evaluation of the skin-irritating effect of industrial substances]. AB - Basing on the determination of ID50 and IT50 after Kligman and Wooding but involving our own modification, the primarily irritating effect of certain industrial substances on experimental animals' and humans' skin was comparatively evaluated. Mutual experimental studies have been carried out in Dermatological Clinics in Leipzig and Rostock and Dermatological Clinic at the Medical Academy of Lodz. The results were found to be generally consistent in humans and animals. Extension of international cooperation and information and results on the determination of industrial substances adverse effects seem to be necessary. PMID- 6229683 TI - Sustained biochemical effects of short treatment of Paget's disease of bone with dichloromethylene diphosphonate. AB - The relationship between duration of treatment and biochemical parameters reflecting antiosteoclastic activity was studied in 26 patients with Paget's disease of bone receiving Cl2MDP 1600 mg/day. Six months after initiation of therapy, the reduction in total urinary hydroxyproline was not different in patients treated for 1, 3, 5, or 6 months. This remission lasted 1 year for all groups. In contrast, the longest treatment induced the greatest reduction in serum alkaline phosphatase. One year after the initiation of therapy, this reduction was sustained, whereas a slight relapse was noted in other groups. From these findings, it appears that a rapid bone load with oral Cl2MDP can induce a long-lasting reduction in bone resorption excess. PMID- 6229685 TI - Streptococcal receptors for human immunoglobulins. AB - Six streptococcus strains with a high affinity for human serum Ig were examined under various experimental conditions to correlate their structures with specific IgG and IgA receptors. Treatment at 80 degrees C for 5 min appeared to have no effect on their ability to bind IgG and/or IgA, while long maintenance in culture determined a dissimilar partial loss of IgG and IgA binding ability. Proteolytic enzymes and hot HCl reduced the ability of these strains, especially those in group A, to absorb both IgG and IgA. It would seem that the protein most involved in this type of bond is the T protein. PMID- 6229684 TI - Evidence that the cro repressor inhibits expression of the bacteriophage lambda P gene at high multiplicities of infection. AB - The activity of the lambda P gene product at various multiplicities of infection (m.o.i.) was examined in CI- conditions using an assay which measures the disappearance of the rapidly-sedimenting closed-circular (c.c.) form of phage DNA. When cells were infected with lambda CI857 at multiplicities of 5 phage/cell or less, between 65%-75% c.c. DNA was lost during incubation. If the multiplicity of infection was increased to 10 phage/cell or greater, a marked inhibition in the cleavage of c.c. DNA was observed. When bacteria were infected with either lambda CI857CII2002 or lambda CI857cro27 at low m.o.i., the usual 65%-75% decrease in the percentage of c.c. phage DNA occurred during incubation. In contrast, no losses in c.c. DNA were noted after infection with lambda CI857cro27susP3. At high m.o.i., the cleavage of c.c. DNA was inhibited after infection with lambda CI857CII2002, but not after infection with lambda CI857cro27. It is concluded that at high m.o.i. in CI- infections, the expression of gene P is unaffected by the CII gene product, but is inhibited by the increased intracellular levels of cro protein. PMID- 6229686 TI - Immunization against hepatitis B. PMID- 6229687 TI - The right to live and the right to die. PMID- 6229688 TI - International classification of impairments, disabilities and handicaps. PMID- 6229689 TI - Photochemotherapy of human cancers with haematoporphyrin derivative. PMID- 6229690 TI - Acupuncture. PMID- 6229691 TI - Prenatal diagnosis of lysosomal storage diseases. Review of experience in 145 patient referrals over a period of eight years. AB - Over the past eight years, 145 patients from Australia and New Zealand were referred to the Department of Chemical Pathology, The Adelaide Children's Hospital, for the prenatal assessment of a variety of lysosomal storage diseases. This group comprised 65 patients at risk for a glycosphingolipidosis, 50 for a mucopolysaccharidosis, five for mucolipidosis, 15 for glycogen storage disease, and 10 for cystinosis. In three cases, amniotic cells failed to establish in culture; in one of these cases, cell-free amniotic fluid was used to make the prenatal diagnosis; the fetus spontaneously aborted in another; only in one case could the prenatal assessment not be completed. Of the 143 cases of successful assessment, 40 fetuses (28%) were predicted to be homozygous affected by the disease for which they were at risk, and 38 pregnancies were subsequently terminated. Follow-up biochemical tests in the affected fetuses and in the newborn children were performed in 82% of cases and confirmed the prenatal assessment to have been correct in all cases. There were no known false positive or false negative diagnoses. It is concluded that the prenatal diagnosis of a range of lysosomal storage diseases can be performed accurately and reliably, provided that cultured amniotic cells are used for enzymatic assay and that a strict protocol, related to each individual prenatal assessment, is followed. PMID- 6229692 TI - [Allergic dermatitis caused by enriching agents and other flour additives]. PMID- 6229693 TI - [Helper T-cell deficiency in infantile genetic agranulocytosis (M. Kostmann)]. AB - A female turkish infant with congenital infantile genetic agranulocytosis was examined for its distribution of lymphocyte subclasses. Imbalances of B cells and T-cell subpopulations were found. Compared to the normal control group a relative as well as an absolute deficiency of T helper cells and an increase of the absolute number of T suppressor cells were the most prominent findings. The importance of immunoregulatory T-cell subsets in the pathogenesis of infantile genetic agranulocytosis, disorders of hematopoiesis and granulocyte production, as well as primary and secondary immunodeficiencies is discussed. PMID- 6229695 TI - [Local thrombolytic therapy of arterial occlusions in various circulatory areas]. PMID- 6229696 TI - Excision repair participates in the Weigle reactivation of ultraviolet light irradiated phi X174 double-stranded DNA. AB - The efficiency of Weigle reactivation of ultraviolet light-irradiated single and double-stranded phi X174 DNA by wild-type and excision repair-defective E. coli hosts was determined. After limited exposure to ultraviolet light, the efficiency of Weigle reactivation by an ultraviolet light-irradiated wild-type host was greater for double-stranded phi X174 DNA than for its single-stranded counterpart. However, the efficiency of inducible recovery of the double-stranded DNA molecule decreased as its exposure to ultraviolet light increased until it became constant at a value 1.5 times less than that for single-stranded form of phi X174 DNA. The efficiency of Weigle reactivation of the single-stranded DNA molecule by the same host, however, was independent of the dose to the DNA, as were the efficiencies of reactivation for both forms of phi X174 DNA by ultraviolet light-irradiated excision repair-deficient hosts. In excision repair defective hosts the efficiency of Weigle reactivation of double-stranded phi X174 DNA was also 1.5 times less than that for the single-stranded molecule. These results suggest that the Weigle reactivation of double-stranded phi X174 DNA is mediated in part by an excision repair process, and that this component of Weigle reactivation eventually can be saturated by ultraviolet light-induced DNA damage leaving other repair processes, such as trans-damage synthesis, responsible for the remaining inducible reactivation. PMID- 6229697 TI - A multicopy phr-plasmid increases the ultraviolet resistance of a recA strain of Escherichia coli. AB - It has been previously reported that the ultraviolet sensitivity of recA strains of Escherichia coli in the dark is suppressed by a plasmid pKY1 which carries the phr gene, suggesting that this is due to a novel effect of photoreactivating enzyme (PRE) of E. coli in the dark (Yamamoto et al., 1983a). In this work, we observed that an increase of UV-resistance by pKY1 in the dark is not apparent in strains with a mutation in either uvrA, uvrB, uvrC, lexA, recBC or recF. The sensitivity of recA lexA and recA recBC multiple mutants to UV is suppressed by the plasmid but that of recA uvrA, recA uvrB and recA uvrC is not. Host-cell reactivation of UV-irradiated lambda phage is slightly more efficient in the recA/pKY1 strain compared with the parental recA strain. On the other hand, the recA and recA/pKY1 strains do not differ significantly in the following properties: Hfr recombination, induction of lambda by UV, and mutagenesis. We suggest that dark repair of PRE is correlated with its capacity of excision repair. PMID- 6229694 TI - [Pathomorphology of the vascular wall following transluminal angioplasty. Light- and electron microscopic studies]. PMID- 6229698 TI - Lack of induction of non-targeted mutations in intact bacteriophage by UVB (313 nm), UVA (334 nm, 365 nm) and visible (405 nm) irradiation of host cells. AB - Mutation to virulence has been measured in intact bacteriophage lambda 15 infected into host cells pre-treated with UVC (254 nm), UVB (313 nm), UVA (334 nm, 365 nm) or visible (405 nm) radiations. We have confirmed that UVC radiation leads to a large enhancement (maximum enhancement factor of 140 in wild-type) of the background spontaneous mutation frequency (non-targeted mutagenesis) and have further shown that this is at least partially dependent on excision repair (maximum enhancement factor of 14 in uvrA strain). In contrast, UVB (313 nm) radiation enhances the mutation frequency by less than a factor of 2. Longer wavelength UVA radiation (334 nm, 365 nm) actually reduces the mutation frequency to 25% of the background levels presumably by reducing the levels of viral replication occurring in the host cells. A visible wavelength (405 nm) has no effect on mutation frequency over the fluence range employed. PMID- 6229699 TI - Modulation of cellular immune function by cyclophosphamide in children with minimal-change nephropathy. AB - Cyclophosphamide is widely used to induce a remission of minimal-change nephropathy, but concerns have been raised about whether its effects on cellular immunity persist after treatment is discontinued. We studied functional and numerical measures of cellular immunity in children who had minimal-change nephropathy with frequent steroid-responsive relapses and were receiving cyclophosphamide (2.5 mg per kilogram of body weight per day for eight weeks). Sequential studies during such treatment showed that cyclophosphamide caused lymphopenia, particularly among T helper cells, resulting in a significant fall in the immunoregulatory (helper/suppressor) cell ratio. This change persisted 1 to 3 months after cyclophosphamide was discontinued, but measures of immune function reverted to normal after 6 to 12 months. Children with minimal-change nephropathy in long-term remission had no difference in T-cell subpopulations, lymphocyte responses to mitogens, or suppressor-cell function that could be attributed to the disease itself or to the previous use of cyclophosphamide. PMID- 6229700 TI - Hepatitis B vaccine. PMID- 6229702 TI - Uremic cardiomyopathy: potential role of vitamin D and parathyroid hormone. AB - 44 patients receiving regular hemodialysis therapy were investigated using M-mode echocardiography and systolic time intervals to examine the effects of parathyroid hormone (PTH) and vitamin D on left ventricular function. 12 patients were treated with 1 microgram daily of 1, alpha-hydroxycholecalciferol for 6 weeks, which produced a decrease in plasma PTH concentration from 1,883 +/- 226 to 1,123 +/- 289 ng/l. Fractional fibre shortening (FS) increased from 34.6 to 37.6% (p less than 0.025) and mean velocity of fibre shortening (Vcf) increased from 1.21 to 1.32 circ/s (p less than 0.01). A second group of 20 patients was studied before and after the plasma magnesium concentration was increased from 1.25 to 1.70 mmol/l, resulting in a fall in plasma PTH concentration from 546 to 418 ng/l (p less than 0.001). This was associated with an increase in both FS from 32.4 to 34.3%, and Vcf from 1.19 to 1.21 circ/s. A third group of 6 patients with severe hyperparathyroidism underwent total parathyroidectomy, FS increased from 34.9 to 36.3% and Vcf increased from 1.22 to 1.38 circ/s. In conclusion, our results indicate that vitamin D and PTH do influence left ventricular function in uremic patients on chronic hemodialysis, and that a reduction in plasma PTH levels is beneficial to the uremic heart. PMID- 6229701 TI - Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in African patients. AB - Between May 1979 and April 1983, 18 previously healthy African patients were hospitalized in Belgium with opportunistic infections (cryptococcosis, Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, central-nervous-system toxoplasmosis, progressive cutaneous herpes simplex virus infection, disseminated cytomegalovirus infection, candidiasis, or cryptosporidiosis) or Kaposi's sarcoma, or with both. Ten of them died. During the same period five other patients were hospitalized with an illness consistent with a prodrome of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (chronic lymphadenopathy, fever, weight loss, and diarrhea). All patients tested had a marked decrease in helper T cells; an inversion of the normal ratio of helper to suppressor T cells, and a decreased or absent blastogenic response of lymphocytes to mitogens. Twenty patients had anergy. There was no evidence of an underlying immunosuppressive disease and no history of blood-product transfusion, homosexuality, or intravenous-drug abuse. This syndrome in patients originating in Central Africa is similar to the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome reported in American patients. PMID- 6229703 TI - On the excitotoxic properties of quinolinic acid, 2,3-piperidine dicarboxylic acids and structurally related compounds. AB - To obtain information about the receptors which mediate the neurotoxic actions of quinolinic acid, a series of pyridine dicarboxylates and piperidine dicarboxylates and structurally related compounds were tested for their neurotoxic effects following intrastriatal or intrahippocampal infusion in the rat, and for their activity in assays of binding and uptake sites for acidic amino acids. Of the compounds tested, only cis- and trans-2,3-piperidine dicarboxylates and quinolinic acid showed pronounced neurotoxic effects. At 600 nmol, 2,6- and 3,4-pyridine dicarboxylates were weakly active and the remaining compounds were inactive in both brain regions. After injection into the striatum of the adult rat, trans-2,3-piperidine dicarboxylate, quinolinic acid and cis-2,3 piperidine dicarboxylate caused axon-sparing neuronal degeneration as assessed by light microscopic and neurochemical methods, the threshold doses being 12, 24 and 120 nmol, respectively. In the striatum of the 7-day old rat, 30 nmol quinolinic acid or 600 nmol cis-2,3-piperidine dicarboxylate were inactive. Small doses of cis-2,3-piperidine dicarboxylate (60 nmol) and quinolinic acid (30 nmol) injected into the adult rat hippocampus resulted in a preferential loss of pyramidal neurons. In larger doses granule cells also degenerated. In contrast, trans-2,3 piperidine dicarboxylate was equally toxic to hippocampal neurons, regardless of the dose used. No "distant" neuronal damage was observed after the intracerebral application of any test compound. Equimolar amounts of (-)-2-amino-7 phosphonoheptanoic acid completely blocked the neurotoxic effects of quinolinic acid, cis- and trans-2,3-piperidine dicarboxylate after injection into the striatum or hippocampus. None of the analogs tested were good inhibitors of Cl- dependent or independent binding of L-[3H]glutamate, [3H]kainate or high affinity, Na+-dependent uptake of L-glutamate in striatal or hippocampal tissue at 1 mM. The results indicate that the receptors mediating the neurotoxic effects of these compounds have strict structural requirements for activation. Whereas the excitotoxic characteristics of trans-2,3-piperidine dicarboxylate suggest a direct action on N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors, the properties of quinolinic acid and cis-2,3-piperidine dicarboxylate are far more complex and make categorization of their receptor-interactions difficult. Indirect mechanisms may account for the excitotoxicity of quinolinic acid and cis-2,3-piperidine dicarboxylate. PMID- 6229704 TI - Perforation of the bladder by the intrauterine device. PMID- 6229705 TI - Who is responsible for Baby Doe? PMID- 6229706 TI - The asplenic patient: a consideration for antimicrobial prophylaxis. AB - Removal of the spleen predisposes the patient to the development of overwhelming sepsis without a primary site of infection. Transient, usually asymptomatic, bacteremias occur in a wide variety of dental manipulations, particularly those involving the mucous membranes. Occasionally these bacteremias can give rise to serious complications in susceptible patients. A prophylactic preoperative and postoperative antimicrobial regimen is presented for asplenic patients undergoing bacteremia-causing dental treatment. PMID- 6229707 TI - EMG biofeedback used to reduce standing levels of paraspinal muscle tension in chronic low back pain. AB - Twenty chronic low back pain (LBP) patients with relatively high standing paraspinal EMG levels (greater than 5 microV) were randomly assigned to 2 groups. One group (N = 10) received EMG biofeedback training to reduce standing paraspinal EMG levels, the other group (N = 10) served as a waiting list control group. Changes in perceived pain (duration X intensity) and paraspinal EMG in standing position were measured at a 3 week pretreatment baseline, during the 3 week treatment period, and at a 3 week post-treatment baseline. Compared to patients in the waiting list control group, those who received EMG biofeedback showed a significant decrease in standing paraspinal EMG from pretreatment to post-treatment baseline. However, no significant differences in reported pain were found during these periods. It is concluded that reduction of standing paraspinal EMG does not lead to reduction in pain. PMID- 6229708 TI - Occult fracture of the calcaneus--another toddler's fracture. AB - Fractures of the calcaneus have been considered rare among children. We feel this may be erroneous since in the last 12 months we have seen 10 such fractures among children, 19 and 41 months of age, who presented with acute limping. The fractures were detected with bone imaging which was performed when initial radiographs were noncontributory. Subsequent radiographs of the calcaneus were positive for fracture in 4 of 10 while follow up radiographs confirmed healing fractures in the two children so evaluated. The sensitivity of bone imaging for the detection of occult fractures in toddlers is emphasized. PMID- 6229709 TI - [Alpha 1-antitrypsin and Down's syndrome]. PMID- 6229710 TI - Liking preferences toward handicapped persons. AB - 55 students with visible orthopedic disabilities (6 to 51 yr.) and 45 nonhandicapped students (10 to 35 yr.) ranked 6 drawings as liked best in about the same order, wheelchair-bound or nonhandicapped as first and facially disfigured and obesity low. PMID- 6229712 TI - Respiratory responses to stimulation of large fibers afferent from muscle receptors in cats. AB - Experiments were carried out on cats to re-examine the respiratory effects of the stimulation of the large afferent fibers originating in the receptors of the hindlimb muscles. During the contraction of the triceps surae induced by stimulating the ventral roots, pulmonary ventilation increased due to an increase in tidal volume and, usually, in respiratory frequency. An increase in ventilation occurred also during stimulation at group I strength of the central end of the previously cut nerves to the triceps surae (LGS + MG) and to the posterior biceps plus the semitendinosus (PBST) muscles. Appreciable increase in ventilation was seen for stimuli near threshold for group I (Ia + Ib) afferent fibers of the LGS + MG nerves, while stimuli at group Ib strength were needed to produce the same effects when using the PBST nerves. It is concluded that group Ib fibers afferent from muscle receptors play a role in the reflex control of respiration. PMID- 6229711 TI - Relationships between early alterations in parvalbumins, sarcoplasmic reticulum and metabolic enzymes in chronically stimulated fast twitch muscle. AB - The present study compares the time courses of the early changes in parvalbumin content, in the properties of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) and in activity and isozyme patterns of metabolic enzymes in chronically (12 h/day) stimulated fast twitch tibialis anterior (TA) muscle of the rabbit. Under the chosen conditions of stimulation, the first significant changes appeared after 6 days. Except for the delayed reduction in pyruvate kinase, the time course of the changes were the same. After 14 days of stimulation, parvalbumin decreased to 37% and Ca2+-ATPase activity of the SR to 29% of normal values. The transformation of the SR was also reflected by a 64% decrease of the 115000-Mr Ca2+-pumping peptide and a 5-fold increase in a 30000-Mr peptide. Following an identical time course, the mitochondrial activities of citrate synthase, 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase and ketoacid-CoA transferase increased 2.9, 3.0 and 3.7-fold respectively. A similar time course was observed in the M to H-type transition of the lactate dehydrogenase isozymes. The cause of these changes is discussed as it relates to altered transcriptional and/or translational activities. It is suggested that an increase in free intracellular Ca2+ caused by increased contractile activity, which is then perpetuated by the decrease in Ca2+-binding and sequestering capacities, might be the signal for such altered synthetic activities. PMID- 6229713 TI - [Transient leukoblastosis and dysmegakariocytopoiesis with clone 46, XX+21, t(5;7), in a newborn infant with trisomy 21]. AB - A case of transient leukemoid reaction in a child with Down's syndrome with the presence of leukoblasts in the blood at birth is reported. The karyotype established on culture of lymphocytes and fibroblasts was characterized by a chromosomic formula 47, XX,21+. The karyotype established on day 13 of life on cultured bone marrow showed a trisomic 21 abnormal clone with 46 chromosomes resulting from a translocation of the long arms of chromosomes 5 and 7, which gave the chromosomic formula: 46, XX, -5, -7,t (5 qter leads to cen leads to 7 qter), +21. This clone was present in spontaneous blood mitoses. It disappeared on day 75 of life as well as the abnormal leukoblasts. The peculiarity of this case in due to the presence of an aneuploid clone and the association of a leukemoid reaction and dysmegakaryocytopoiesis both of which were transient. PMID- 6229714 TI - Knowledge-based simulation of genetic regulation in bacteriophage lambda. AB - We have developed a general-purpose computer program for the functional simulation of regulatory genetics. This simulator is knowledge-based and was developed using the Unit System, a software tool for the acquisition, representation, and manipulation of hierarchically organized knowledge. The advantages of a knowledge-based design are presented, and the simulator's architecture is described. Its performance on the decision between lytic and lysogenic growth in Bacteriophage Lambda is reported. PMID- 6229716 TI - 5-Fluorouracil derivatives. III. A simple method to prepare 5-fluoro-2' deoxyuridine derivatives. AB - 3',5'-Diacyl-2'-bromo-5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine (4) was obtained by the reaction of 5, 6-dihydro-6-hydroxy-5-fluorouridine (2) and acyl bromide. Because the route from uridine (1) to 2, the route from 4 to 3',5'-diacyl-5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine (5), and the route from 5 to 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine (FUDR, 6) are known reactions, the three step synthesis from uridine to 5 and four step synthesis from uridine to FUDR have been accomplished. PMID- 6229715 TI - Applications of parallel processing algorithms for DNA sequence analysis. AB - Programs have been written to apply parallel processing algorithms to the main methods of DNA sequence analysis. These programs allow the largest of currently interesting problems to be handled on a medium-sized computer system. The abundance of information otherwise not readily available has suggested new methods for the detection of homology and order in sequences. PMID- 6229718 TI - Double handicap. 5. The sense of well-being. PMID- 6229717 TI - Disabled nurses. PMID- 6229719 TI - Acne--the forgotten disease. PMID- 6229720 TI - [Effect of Berotec, Atrovent and Becotide on histamine-induced bronchial spasm in patients with chronic bronchitis]. PMID- 6229721 TI - Traumatic neurosis and other injuries. AB - This article examines the dynamics involved in traumatic events, providing a historical perspective and presenting symptoms and treatment of such clinical syndromes as post-traumatic stress disorder, conversion disorder, somatization disorder, and others. PMID- 6229722 TI - Research on sex offenders. Recent trends. AB - The last 20 years have seen a massive increase in violent crime, and statistics reveal that rape is the fastest growing of these crimes. This cogent article examines the clinical characteristics of the sexual offender and outlines recent advances in treatment modalities. PMID- 6229723 TI - Hepatitis B vaccine. Key to the era of preventive control. PMID- 6229724 TI - Superdose vitamin A therapy for acne poses hazards. PMID- 6229725 TI - Immune complex mediated lung haemorrhage and nephritis--successful treatment with plasma exchange, haemodialysis and immunosuppressive drug therapy. AB - A 16-year-old boy developed an immune complex illness associated with lung haemorrhage, proliferative nephritis with crescents and renal failure. Treatment with plasma exchange, haemodialysis and immunosuppressive drugs resulted in a rapid reduction in levels of immune complexes and other mediators of inflammation and was associated with good recovery of renal and lung function. Subsequently, deterioration in renal function occurred whilst the patient was on treatment with prednisolone alone but this was reversed with a short course of plasma exchange and the addition of azathioprine. No further deterioration in renal or lung function has been observed during 18 months treatment with azathioprine and prednisolone. Immediate plasma exchange and immunosuppressive drug treatment have been recommended for Goodpasture's syndrome. Immune complex mediated lung haemorrhage and nephritis is the main clinical differential diagnosis. Our case suggests that the same treatment is effective for both conditions if given early, and that detailed renal and immunological investigations should not be allowed to delay this. PMID- 6229726 TI - Norfloxacin in acute urinary tract infections. PMID- 6229727 TI - [Intolerance to iodized contrast media. Role of complement]. PMID- 6229728 TI - [Peritoneal amyloidosis in the terminal development of monoclonal gammapathy]. PMID- 6229729 TI - [The dawn phenomenon in insulin-dependent diabetics]. PMID- 6229731 TI - [Renal toxicity of 9-hydroxy-2-methylellipticinium]. PMID- 6229730 TI - [Campylobacter fetus ssp fetus thrombophlebitis]. PMID- 6229732 TI - [The umbilical vesicle and amniotic membrane]. PMID- 6229733 TI - [Esophageal spasm, a principal cause of false angina pectoris]. PMID- 6229734 TI - [Eosinophilic cystitis of allergic origin]. AB - Eosinophilic cystitis, of which 35 cases have been published, is a recurrent cystitis remarkable for its chronicity and for the importance of haematuria; the urine is usually sterile and blood eosinophilia frequently present; at histology, infiltration of the vesical wall by eosinophils is pathognomonic. In view of the irregular results of cortico-steroid treatment, a search for causative factors is required. Parasitic infestation has been suspected but never actually proven, and an allergic origin probably is frequently missed. We report two cases of eosinophilic cystitis where allergy to penicillin and clometacin respectively could be demonstrated for the first time and in which the condition subsided after withdrawal of these drugs. PMID- 6229735 TI - [Secondary prevention of cerebral infarction caused by atherosclerosis. 3-year comparison of flurbiprofen and an ergot derivative]. AB - A multicentre controlled trial was conducted on 383 patients to compare the effectiveness of flurbiprofen (100 mg/day) and an ergot derivative in preventing cerebral infarction. The end-point of the trial was recurrence within 3 years of treatment with one or the other drug of a fatal or non-fatal cerebral infarction. Only those patients who had already experienced an established and disabling ischaemic accident in the carotid or vertebro-basilar territory were included; 88% of these entered the trial less than 6 weeks after the accident. Sixty-one patients had recurrent cerebral infarction during the 3-year observation period: 22 in the flurbiprofen group and 39 in the ergot derivative group (p less than 0.02 log rank test adjusted by centre). The actuarial recurrence rates in the two groups were 13% and 21% respectively. These results concur with those of other trials involving aspirin to demonstrate the value of antiplatelet aggregation drugs in the secondary prevention of atherothrombotic cerebral infarction. PMID- 6229736 TI - [Cockett's syndrome. Treatment by venous envelopment in a ringed prosthesis]. AB - The surgical treatment of Cockett's synechiae is now well established, with only minor variations. Various techniques have been suggested to solve the problem of arterial compression, but none of these is fully satisfactory. The authors favour the use of new externally supported grafts, notably the ringed polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) prosthesis, to protect the left iliac vein, these grafts being effective and easy to apply. PMID- 6229737 TI - [Curable acute peripheral thrombopenia preceding acute leukemia]. PMID- 6229738 TI - [Ambulatory treatment of cancer pain with peridural morphine]. PMID- 6229739 TI - [Current indications for anticoagulant treatment in coronary insufficiency]. PMID- 6229740 TI - [Prevention of postoperative anaerobic infections. Economic significance of metronidazole suppositories]. AB - Metronidazole is widely used in the preventive and curative treatment of post operative anaerobic infections. As the intravenous form is very expensive, a 1 g suppository has been developed. The pharmacokinetics of metronidazole injection and suppository was studied comparatively in 10 healthy subjects. The serum bioavailability of the rectal form was 80% with a peak serum concentration of 10 mg/l four hours after dosing. From calculated pharmacokinetic values it may be suggested that: (1) in cases of elective surgery treatment could begin with the rectal form alone at the rate of one suppository 12-hourly, starting 48 hours before surgery; (2) in emergency surgery, 0,5g of metronidazole i.v. over 20 minutes and a 1 g suppository should be administered at the time of premedication, treatment being continued with one suppository 12-hourly; (3) in patients at high risk of anaerobic infection, one suppository should be given 8 hourly, starting 24 hours before surgery. The main advantage of the rectal treatment is that it is much cheaper than the intravenous treatment administered during the same period. PMID- 6229741 TI - [Fruste form of hyperthyroidism manifested by auricular arrhythmia. Importance of the assay of the free fraction of thyroxine (FT4) and the role of the TRH test]. AB - The TRH test was used to detect hyperthyroidism in 87 patients aged from 38 to 85 years who presented with atrial arrhythmia with or without heart disease. The patients had no clinical evidence of thyrotoxicosis, and total thyroxine (T4), free thyroxine index (FTI) and triiodothyronine (T3) values were normal. Hyperthyroidism was diagnosed in the 18 patients (21%) with negative TRH test; 15 of them had high free thyroxine (FT4) levels. The most common causes of hyperthyroidism were "warm" nodules in 7 and iodine overload in 10. Adding an anti-thyroid treatment to the hitherto unsuccessful anti-arrhythmic treatment resulted in a return to sustained sinus rhythm in 50% of cases. FT4 levels became normal in all. This study indicates that all patients with atrial arrhythmia, with or without heart disease, should be investigated for occult hyperthyroidism. It also demonstrates the value of FT4 assays to detect the disease. The TRH test is only required as a second-line exploratory method in some patients, notably those with iodine overload. PMID- 6229742 TI - [Laryngeal leishmaniasis in a patient from the Jura. Unusual cause of epitheloid and giant cell granulomatosis]. AB - A case of laryngeal leishmaniasis in a patient living in eastern France is reported. Mucosal leishmaniasis appears to be frequent in the New World but rare in the Old World, where only 9 cases have been published, including 3 from France. In this particular patient, there probably was some relationship between the laryngeal lesion and an unexplained malaria-like fever contracted in Algeria 19 years before. This case provides evidence that leishmaniasis is one single nosological entity throughout the world, its different clinical forms (cutaneous, mucosal, visceral) merely reflecting the adaptation of the parasite to its environment. PMID- 6229743 TI - [Cancer and pregnancy]. AB - During the last decades, our ideas on the cancer-pregnancy association have been radically altered. Induced abortion, which has long been considered a prerequisite to successful treatment of cancer in such cases, is now performed only if requested by a fully informed mother or if embryotoxic chemotherapy is required. Many authors disagree that pregnancy has detrimental effects on cancer and believe that this only applies to breast cancers with axillary lymph mode involvement. Epidemiologists have shown that obstetrical factors are closely related to the risks of breast, endometrial and ovarian cancers. In some cancers, particularly in children and young adults, cure cannot be considered complete it has been obtained at the cost of infertility. To preserve fertility without reducing the prospects of cure is one of the major objectives of treatment in young cancerous patients. PMID- 6229744 TI - [Treatment of inguinal hernia with unsplit mersylene prosthesis. Significance of the parietalization of the spermatic cord and the ligation of epigastric vessels]. AB - The authors describe their technique of "thorough" dissection of the spermatic cord by the inguinal route. After parietalization of the cord and ligature of the epigastric vessels, a wide prosthesis of unsplit mersylene can be inserted through the groin behind the muscular layer brought down to Cooper's ligament. From their experience of 120 patients operated upon and without relapse at follow up, they feel able to recommend this method in cases of recurrent hernias with weak walls and large sac and of hernias occurring in elderly of obese subjects. PMID- 6229745 TI - [Continuous intrathecal isobaric morphine therapy]. PMID- 6229746 TI - [Association of colonic cancer and Merkel cell tumor. Diagnostic and therapeutic problems]. PMID- 6229748 TI - [Diagnosis of brain death and collection of organs in a non-university hospital]. PMID- 6229747 TI - [Permanent control of blood glucose in diabetic patients using continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. Continuous insulin infusion by the intraperitoneal route]. PMID- 6229749 TI - [Apparently discal sciatica caused by primary malignant epidural melanoma. Excision and recovery maintained for 5 years]. PMID- 6229750 TI - [An additional argument in favor of the protective effect of glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency against malaria?]. PMID- 6229751 TI - [Suppurative Haemophilus influenzae pericarditis in adults]. PMID- 6229752 TI - [Ectopic pheochromocytoma. Diagnosis by digital intravenous angiography]. PMID- 6229753 TI - [Cruralgias in diabetic patients. Method of clinical approach]. PMID- 6229754 TI - [Deep venous thrombosis of the lower limbs. Diagnostic contribution of rheoplethysmography with venous occlusion]. PMID- 6229755 TI - [Asbestosis. A new source of contamination]. PMID- 6229756 TI - [Endocarditis on valve prostheses]. PMID- 6229757 TI - [Chronic endocarditis on valve prosthesis. 6 cases]. AB - Six cases of chronic endocarditis (more than 1 year duration) have been extracted from a series of 72 cases of endocarditis (delayed in 49) associated with intracardiac prosthesis observed over a 15-year period. In these 6 cases endocarditis developed 6 months to 2 years after valve replacement. The prosthetic material included 3 Starr-Edward's valves, 2 Hancock's valves and 1 intracardiac patch. The micro-organism isolated were Streptococcus in 3 cases, Serratia and Corynebacterium in 1 case each. The 18-month to 5-year course of the disease was marked by 2 to 5 relapses separated by long periods of apyrexia. The most significant complications were dysimmune syndrome (5 cases), embolic accidents (2 cases) and prosthesis disinsertion (4 cases). Five patients benefited from antibiotic therapy; 4 were operated upon with recurrent disinsertion in 2 cases. Two patients died, one of repeated disinsertion, the other of myocardial dysfunction. Bacteriostatic antibiotics were administered continuously to 3 patients whose endocarditis persisted or relapsed, with satisfactory results in two cases followed-up for more than 2 years. PMID- 6229758 TI - [Scanography in purulent meningitis in newborn infants]. AB - Brain CT scans of 40 neonates with bacterial meningitis showed that the main lesions consisted of obstacles to CSF flow resulting in hydrocephalus during the second month; single or multiple foci of ischaemia of very early onset appearing as hypodense areas sometimes contrast-enhanced, and abscesses consecutive to haematogenous septic necrosis. The organisms responsible for these abscesses usually were Proteus spp., more rarely other enterobacteria. Attention is drawn to the usefulness of CT in detecting the nature and size of lesions which are often clinically silent, except for convulsions. PMID- 6229759 TI - [Assay of the free fraction of thyroxine. Its role in the study of thyroid function]. AB - In a prospective study of 467 subjects with normal, increased or decreased thyroid function the results of free thyroxine (FT4) assays by 2 radioimmunological methods were compared with the free thyroxine index (FT1) and the T4/TBG ratio. It appeared from this study that FT4 assays were at least as good as the FT1 to confirm the diagnosis of euthyroidism and were distinctly superior to measurements of FT1, T4 adn T3 in patients with abnormal thyroid function. In view of the close correlation observed between clinical findings and the results of FT4 assays, a new strategy may be proposed to investigate thyroid function. However, further studies are required to evaluate the reliability of FT4 assays in some severe pathological conditions or in patients taking drugs interfering with thyroid hormone metabolism. PMID- 6229760 TI - [Gougerot-Sjogren syndrome. Functional study of the salivary glands by scintigraphy]. AB - One-hundred and twenty patients with sicca syndrome, connective tissue disease or chronic graft-versus-host disease were investigated in the Saint-Louis Hospital Department of Nuclear Medicine. Technetium scanning of the salivary glands was performed in all patients. The results of the scintigraphic study were closely correlated with clinical and histological data in patients with Sjogren's syndrome. This method, which accurately quantifies the salivary function without danger nor discomfort to the patients, has a number of advantages: (a) it is sensitive enough to detect minimal salivary gland dysfunction; (b) it differentiates between parotid gland and submandibular gland involvement and demonstrates asymmetry in pathological processes; (c) it helps in following up patients with Sjogren's disease and in assessing the results of immunosuppressive or anti-inflammatory treatment. PMID- 6229761 TI - [Mycobacterioses]. AB - Mycobacteriosis are opportunistic infections caused by atypical mycobacteria. These have microscopic features resembling those of tubercle bacillus but differ in their cultural and biochemical characteristics and above all, their resistance to antituberculous antibiotics. The lesions chiefly involve the lungs, the lymph nodes or the skin and usually mimick those of tuberculosis. The diagnosis rests on repeated isolation in pathological specimens of the same atypical mycobacterium with a sufficient number of colonies, or on its sole presence in effusion fluids, biopsies or surgical specimens. Treatment with antibiotics is disappointing, except for M. kansasii. Surgical treatment can only be considered in those exceptional cases when the patient is young, has limited lesions and is not immuno-depressed. PMID- 6229762 TI - [Delorme's operation in the treatment of rectal prolapse]. AB - The Delorme operation for complete rectal prolapse is a mucosal stripping and longitudinal plication of the muscular wall of the rectum. It is a safe and easy procedure using peridural or local anesthesia with no post-operative morbidity or mortality. In the largest series published, the recurrence rate was 10 per cent. In our view, this operation, superior to the Thiersch procedure, is mainly recommended for elderly and poor risk patients who are unsuitable for a transabdominal approach. PMID- 6229763 TI - [Ciguatera in the Iles des Saintes (Guadeloupe). A disease transmitted by fish]. PMID- 6229764 TI - [Meningitis in Legionnaires' disease]. PMID- 6229765 TI - [Eye injuries in windsurfing]. PMID- 6229766 TI - [Rheumatoid polyarthritis. Diagnostic contribution of synovial biopsy]. PMID- 6229767 TI - [Complications of digestive surgery. Prediction by anergy and not by malnutrition]. PMID- 6229768 TI - [Hypoglycemia caused by accidental ingestion of sulfonylurea]. PMID- 6229769 TI - [Eosinophilic ascites. A case report]. PMID- 6229770 TI - [T-lymphocyte subpopulations in asymptomatic multiple drug users]. PMID- 6229771 TI - [Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Ascites disclosing necrotizing enterocolitis]. PMID- 6229772 TI - [Acute myelitis following Hymenoptera sting]. PMID- 6229773 TI - [Epidemiology of primary glomerular nephropathies]. PMID- 6229774 TI - [Immunoglobulin A glomerulonephritis. Epidemiology in a population of 250 000 inhabitants]. AB - Between April 1, 1975 and May 1, 1982, 192 cases of primary glomerulonephritis were histologically diagnosed in the Nephrology centre of a health district with 250 000 inhabitants; 58 (30.2%) of the lesions were IgA glomerulonephritis. All patients were born and lived in that district. At the end of the period under review the prevalence of IgA glomerulonephritis was evaluated at 1/10 000 and its incidence at 2.5/100 000 per year. The disease began in subjects under 35 years of age in 65% of the cases, with a peak between 16 and 25 years. Thirty-seven patients were symptom-free, and the condition was diagnosed either at recruitment in the army (15 cases; 25.2%) or during the annual medical examination of industrial workers (19 cases; 39.7%). At the end of the study, 21 patients (36%) had renal failure, and 5 of these (8.5%) were under periodical haemodialysis. This study shows how valuable it would be from a socio-economic point of view if the role played by public health institutions in detecting the disease were confirmed and if its prevalence among the French population were precisely known. PMID- 6229775 TI - [Penetration of piperacillin into the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with purulent meningitis]. AB - Ten patients with purulent meningitis received 3 intravenous injections of 4 g piperacillin at intervals of 8 hours, in addition to the usual antimicrobial treatment. Piperacillin was assayed in serum and CSF by high performance liquid chromatography. The mean CSF concentration of the drug was 9.2 micrograms/ml and its mean percentage of penetration was 22,7%. There were no significant differences in CSF concentrations between days 2 to 4 (inflamed meninges) and days 10 to 20 (patient cured). It is concluded that piperacillin shows good CSF penetration and could be useful to treat selected cases of meningitis due to Gram negative bacilli. PMID- 6229776 TI - [Biosynthetic human insulin. Pharmacokinetic characteristics and activity in normal subjects]. AB - The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamic effects of intravenously injected (0.06 U/kg) human biosynthetic insulin of recombinant DNA origin and purified porcine insulin, both regular, were compared in 10 healthy volunteers. Both had identical immunological properties. Some of their pharmacokinetic features, such as total plasma clearance and bioavailability, were similar, but they appeared to differ in biological half-life, elimination rate constant and apparent volume of distribution. No appreciable difference was found between their hypoglycaemic activity and their inhibitory effect on endogenous insulin secretion. However, hyperglucagonaemia seemed to be less pronounced after human biosynthetic insulin than after purified porcine insulin. These findings are discussed by comparison with the results of other studies on human biosynthetic insulin. PMID- 6229777 TI - [Digital tenosynovitis caused by non-tuberculous mycobacteria. Apropos of the 4th case caused by Mycobacterium terrae]. AB - A 75 year old man developed chronic flexor tenosynovitis in a finger, caused by Mycobacterium terrae. He had a history of diabetes mellitus and arteritis, but not of local trauma. However, triamcinolone had been injected into the tendon sheath on 3 occasions. Chemotherapy was instituted, but after 3 months amputation became mandatory. This is the fourth case reported in which M. terrae was involved, and it supports the responsibility of this organism as a human pathogen. Attention is drawn to the hazards of corticosteroid injections into tendon sheaths. PMID- 6229778 TI - [Intracoronary thrombolysis in myocardial infarction]. AB - In more than 70% of the cases thrombi in the coronary arteries responsible for myocardial infarction can be dissolved by intracoronary injection of a fibrinolytic agent. For the left ventricular function to improve thrombolysis must be performed within 4 hours of thrombus formation; when performed later, results are inconstant. The risks of arteriography and thrombolysis (mostly dysrhythmias and haemorrhage) are real but acceptable. The mortality rate is lower than with conventional treatment. Improvement in left ventricular global ejection fraction is more pronounced in cases with collateral circulation and when thrombolysis is performed at an early stage. Thrombosis recurs within a few days in 15-20% of the cases. This can be prevented by aorto-coronary bypass or transluminal dilation of the stenotic vessel with a balloon catheter, either of these being carried out very early in cases with tight stenosis or delayed when the stenosis is significant but not life-threatening. A multicentre trial should be set up to find out whether intracoronary thrombolysis improves long-term survival and prevents late complications. But even if this were true, it should still be demonstrated that the method is as effective and safe as intravenous thrombolysis. PMID- 6229779 TI - [Pitfalls of mechanical circular anastomoses]. AB - To the list of pitfalls of circular mechanical anastomoses the authors add another type of incident involving catching of an intestinal fold. While the pitfalls recently published by M. Adloff include occlusive stapling, those encountered by the authors make mechanical stapling impossible. Two diagrams illustrate the mechanism of failure of circular mechanical anastomoses and suggest an easy way of avoiding this pitfall. PMID- 6229780 TI - [Acute renal failure and nephrotic syndrome related to pirprofen]. PMID- 6229781 TI - [Treatment of multiply injured patients. Evaluation of the efficacy of programmed methods]. PMID- 6229782 TI - [Association of thymoma and Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Fortuitous association or immunologic disease?]. PMID- 6229783 TI - [Usefulness of the HLA-B5 system in Behcet's disease. Apropos of 93 typed cases]. PMID- 6229784 TI - [Myocardial infarction. Comparative diagnostic value of serum myoglobin, cardiac enzymes and inflammatory proteins]. PMID- 6229785 TI - [Post-traumatic Yersinia enterocolitica panophthalmia]. PMID- 6229786 TI - [Hypercalcemia regressing after excision of papillary cancer of the thyroid]. PMID- 6229787 TI - [Infection of an aorto-aortic prosthesis. Disclosure by pseudo-inflammatory rheumatism]. PMID- 6229788 TI - [Primary biliary cirrhosis and chronic autoimmune hepatitis. Results of cutaneous immunofluorescence]. PMID- 6229789 TI - [Per os or intravenous radiography of the biliary tract?]. PMID- 6229790 TI - [HLA groups in Horton's disease]. PMID- 6229791 TI - Two-dimensional 1H NMR study of the lambda operator site OL1: a sequential assignment strategy and its application. AB - The solution structure and dynamics of the 17-base-pair synthetic operator site OL1, which is recognized by the cI and Cro repressors of bacteriophage lambda, is studied by two-dimensional NMR methods. A sequential assignment strategy for nucleic acids is proposed and illustrated by the assignments of the base and sugar protons of OL1. PMID- 6229792 TI - Cytotoxic T-cell precursors revealed in neonatally tolerant mice. AB - Induction of neonatal tolerance leads to a profound reduction in cytotoxic T lymphocyte precursor frequencies against the tolerated alloantigen ("tolerogen") as evaluated by limiting-dilution analysis. The curves obtained were linear within the range tested and, thus, did not yield evidence for any dissociation of cytotoxic precursors from regulatory cell populations. However, it could be shown that cytotoxic T-lymphocyte precursor frequencies against the tolerogen increased drastically if the tolerant spleen cells were adsorbed, prior to limiting dilution culture, on monolayers of syngeneic blasts expressing receptors for the tolerogen but not if they were adsorbed on syngeneic blasts against third-party antigens. This finding implies that cytotoxic precursor cells against the tolerogen are not clonally deleted in tolerant animals but rather are suppressed by a regulatory cell population that is present at high frequency and presumably acts in an anti-idiotypic fashion. PMID- 6229793 TI - Mutational analysis of a regulatory region in bacteriophage lambda that has overlapping signals for the initiation of transcription and translation. AB - The positively regulated PRE promoter of phage lambda structurally overlaps with the ribosome-binding and NH2-terminal coding region of the regulatory protein (cII) that activates PRE transcription. We have isolated and characterized 27 different point mutations that occur within the 36-base-pair overlapping region. A comparison of genetic crossover data with nucleotide separations as determined by DNA sequence analysis reveals that recombination frequencies are greatly depressed at very short distances. Moreover, recombination frequency is critically dependent upon the precise nucleotide sequence of the crossover region for distances of five nucleotides or less. The mutations define precise positions and sequences that are important to (i) PRE promoter function, (ii) translation of the cII gene, and (iii) cII gene function. Mutational changes that affect the function of one element in this region concomitantly define phenotypically silent alterations in the other two elements. Mutations deficient in promoter function (P-RE or cy) are clustered in two regions that lie approximately equal to 10 and approximately equal to 35 nucleotides before the initial base of PRE mRNA, analogous to mutations in other promoters. P-RE mutations in the -10 region alter bases that are conserved in prokaryotic promoters, but P-RE mutations in the -35 region do not affect bases that are normally conserved in other promoters. Several mutations deficient in cII gene activity affect the initiation of cII protein synthesis, including an A leads to G change four bases outside the cII coding region, and AUG leads to GUG, AUG leads to ACG, and AUG leads to AUA mutations in the initiation codon. In the region of overlap between the PRE promoter and the NH2-terminal region of the cII gene, most amino acid substitutions in the cII protein do not result in a loss of cII function, indicating that this region of the gene does not contain essential information for cII function. We suggest that the overlap itself is an evolutionarily conserved structure and that it somehow coordinates the bidirectional transcriptional and translational events that occur in this region. PMID- 6229794 TI - Metabolic enzyme response in the pressure-overloaded heart of weanling and adult rats. AB - Weanling and adult rats were subjected to left ventricular pressure overload induced by abdominal aortic constriction. At 5 days or 5 weeks postsurgery, the left ventricle (LV) was dissected, weighed, and metabolic marker enzyme activities (mumole/g/min) of tissue homogenates were measured. Enzymes representing glycolytic (phosphofructokinase (PFK] and mitochondrial (citrate synthase (CS) and malate dehydrogenase (MDH] metabolisms were evaluated. Five days of pressure overload had detectable, but statistically nonsignificant effects on left ventricles of both weanling and adult rats. Sustained pressure overload (5 weeks) increased LV weight by 52 and 39% in weanling and adult rats, respectively. PFK activity was 24 +/- 1 (mean +/- SE) in control weanlings and was unaltered in any of the other groups. LDH isoenzyme composition was estimated by substrate inhibition (ratio 0.33/10 mM pyruvate). With normal heart development, the LDH ratio increased from 1.89 +/- 0.06 to 2.03 +/- 0.08. Pressure overload had no influence on the adult LDH ratio. Developmental LDH responses were not observed in weanling LV after 5 weeks of aortic constriction (1.74 +/- 0.06). The product of CS activity and LV weight was used to estimate mitochondrial mass in the ventricle. Mitochondria accumulated at a rate of about 5% increase per day over the intervening 5-week period of normal heart growth. Pressure overload for 5 weeks in weanling rats elicited net accumulation of mitochondria at a rate of about 9% increase per day. Mitochondrial accumulation in the adapting adult rat heart amounted to less than 1% increase per day. The results indicate that qualitative and quantitative differences exist between young and adult animals in their heart enzyme adaptive responses to pressure overloading. Divergent metabolic adaptations may contribute to heart functional differences in the enlarged heart of weanlings and adults. PMID- 6229795 TI - Acute hepatotoxin exposure effects lymphoid and accessory cell types in inbred mice. AB - The effect of acute hepatotoxin exposure on in vivo and in vitro immune responses were investigated in inbred mice. Splenic anti-SRBC PFC responses were slightly enhanced by carbon tetrachloride or galactosamine administration 5 hr prior to immunization. Whereas splenic anti-SRBC PFC responses were slightly enhanced in euthymic mice exposed to carbon tetrachloride 5 hr prior to immunization, immune responses to the TI antigens, Fl-LPS, Fl-Ficoll, and TNP-LPS, were significantly suppressed. Athymic mice receiving similar hepatotoxin exposure elicited enhanced immune responses to the TI immunogens, thereby suggesting that the activities of B cells and macrophages are enhanced in treated animals and in euthymic mice, T suppressor cells are also activated. By admixture of purified B- and T-cell and macrophage populations from either carbon tetrachloride-treated or control animals, it was demonstrated that hepatotoxin exposure also induces suppressor T cells regulating immune responses to the T-dependent antigen, SRBC, and that macrophages from treated animals are more functional. Further, B-cell responsiveness is enhanced. In addition to these observations, an active factor could be demonstrated in sera from hepatotoxin-treated animals which augments immune responses to SRBC in normal mice and promotes immune responses to this antigen in athymic mice. These findings indicate that the effects of acute hepatotoxin exposure are multifocal, influencing the activity of lymphoid and accessory cells. PMID- 6229796 TI - Effects of moderate pressure overload cardiac hypertrophy on the distribution of creatine kinase isozymes. AB - Myocardial activities and isozyme distributions of creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were measured in rats with moderate pressure overload hypertrophy. Three weeks after aortic banding, the ratio of left ventricular (LV) weight to body weight increased by 30%. Values for enzyme activity in the hypertrophied LV were compared to values for control rats as well as to the contralateral relatively unaffected right ventricle (RV). In rats with moderate LV hypertrophy, total CK activity was unchanged. The percent MB-CK increased significantly (p less than 0.01) only in the hypertrophied LV, from 13 +/- 1% to 19 +/- 1% of total CK, while the sum of MM and mitochondrial-CK decreased from 86 +/- 3 to 80 +/- 3% (p less than 0.01). LDH activity increased (p less than 0.05) only in the hypertrophied ventricle from a control of 2.90 +/- 0.13 to 3.21 +/- 0.13 IU/mg protein, while the ratio of LDH activity at high to low substrate increased from 0.12 +/- 0.02 to 0.14 +/- 0.02 (p less than 0.05). Thus, the development of moderate pressure overload hypertrophy in the LV is associated with normal levels of total CK, but the percentage of MB-CK increases selectively in the primarily affected ventricle. Also, total LDH and LDH activity at high to low substrate concentration increases significantly in LV hypertrophy. PMID- 6229797 TI - Deficient humoral antibody response of the spontaneously diabetic Chinese hamster. AB - The antibody responses of spontaneously diabetic Chinese hamsters to sheep erythrocytes was investigated. After primary challenge, total antibody production of the diabetics was only 50% or less than that of nondiabetic controls, and little or no switchover to IgG production occurred. After second challenge, total antibody of diabetics was still reduced compared with controls. Some switchover to IgG did occur after second challenge but was only 40% that of controls. Poor antibody response was not related to abnormal glucose metabolism since low titers and lack of IgG was found in euglycemic prediabetics. Additionally, genetic nondiabetics rendered hyperglycemic by streptozotocin responded normally, similar to euglycemic controls. The impaired humoral antibody response of the diabetic hamster is similar to that reported for some human diabetics and makes this animal model attractive for studying the consequences and possible causes of diabetes-dependent impairment of immune responses. PMID- 6229798 TI - Pentose cycle flux and fatty acid synthesis in bovine adipose tissue slices incubated with 6-aminonicotinamide. AB - The effects of the purported inhibitor of 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, 6 aminonicotinamide, on lipogenesis from acetate and the metabolism of glucose were investigated in bovine adipose tissue. The incorporation of [U-14C]acetate and tritium from [3-3H]glucose into fatty acids was stimulated by 6-aminonicotinamide proportionately, indicating that the pentose cycle provided the same percentage of NADPH required for fat synthesis in the absence and presence of 6 aminonicotinamide. Tissue samples incubated with 6-aminonicotinamide displayed higher maximal activities of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and 6 phosphogluconate dehydrogenase than control samples. The cellular content of 6 phosphogluconate was increased by 6-aminonicotinamide by 40% in samples incubated with 2 mM glucose (plus 33 mU/ml insulin) and 10 mM acetate; 6-aminonicotinamide stimulated the production of L-lactate in either the absence or presence of acetate. Studies with 1-, 6-, and U-14C-labeled glucose indicated that 6 aminonicotinamide increased the proportion of utilized glucose metabolized by the pentose cycle in the absence, but not in the presence of acetate. Unlike results observed in rat adipose tissue, the primary effect of 6-aminonicotinamide was to increase the proportion of NADPH produced by the pentose cycle that was utilized for fat synthesis secondarily to the stimulation of lipogenesis by an unknown mechanism. PMID- 6229799 TI - Multiple sclerosis as a disease of immune regulation. PMID- 6229800 TI - Chromatin structure of the chicken adult beta-globin gene: is gene activity associated with local or long-range perturbations in chromatin structure? AB - We review our physical studies on the higher-order structure of bulk chromatin. Using the method of electric dichroism, we determine the arrangement of DNA in the 30-nm solenoid or thick chromatin fiber. With few assumptions, our results lead to a detailed model, in which the chromatosomes are arranged radially but tilted approximately 25 degrees from the solenoid axis. We then attempt to determine if the chromatin of the adult beta-globin gene in embryonic chicken red cells normally exists in a solenoidal configuration. We conclude that it does and that the stability of this globin gene-containing solenoid is similar to that of bulk DNA. Furthermore, the solenoid stability is not measurably perturbed by the binding of the nonhistone chromosomal proteins HMG 14 and 17. We describe the nature of a hypersensitive site close to the 5' end of the adult beta-globin gene. Approximately 200 bp of DNA appear accessible to nuclease digestion and moreover a substantial portion of this region can be excised as naked DNA. Overall there is strong evidence that gene activity is associated with local perturbations in chromatin structure but much weaker evidence that gene activity is associated with a perturbation in chromatin higher-order structure. PMID- 6229801 TI - Placental transfer of calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (Pi) in the guinea pig: lack of correlation with placental Ca-ATPase and alkaline phosphatase (AP) activities. AB - In summary, it has been observed that in vitro inhibitors of placental Ca-ATPase and AP activities (EA, F, D-pen) and activators of placental AP (EA,F) are not associated with changes in Ca and Pi transfer across the in situ perfused guinea pig placenta. Assuming that the two enzyme activities were altered in vivo by these drugs, it may be that they are not directly related to active transport of Ca and Pi across the placenta. PMID- 6229802 TI - An evaluation of back rests designed to relieve drivers' low back pain. PMID- 6229803 TI - Rectus abdominis flaps. PMID- 6229804 TI - Retention deficits induced by acute p-chloroamphetamine following fear conditioning in the rat. AB - Rats were given four inescapable shocks (1.0 mA) when confined to the right-hand corner of a modified shuttlebox. p-Chloroamphetamine (PCA) injected just before the retention test 24 h later completely blocked the immobile posture that was observed after saline injections. This retention deficit was shown to be selectively associated with 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) release, since the administration of the 5-HT uptake inhibitors zimelidine and citalopram 60 min prior to PCA antagonized this effect. The 5-HT specificity of the deficit was further established by the findings that 5-HT-depleted rats (PCA, 2 x 10 mg/kg, and fenfluramine, 2 x 25 mg/kg), but not NA-depleted rats (DSP4, 1 x 50 mg/kg), or rats treated with zimelidine (2 x 20 mg/kg) 60 min before PCA (2 x 10 mg/kg), showed an almost complete blockade of the retention failure. The data presented may provide a useful experimental model for investigating the efficacy of functional 5-HT activity in the treatment of phobic anxiety. PMID- 6229805 TI - Decreased morphine intake by opiate addicted rats administered zimelidine, a 5-HT uptake inhibitor. AB - Zimelidine, a specific 5-HT uptake inhibitor, reduced peroral morphine consumption by morphine-addicted adult male and female Sprague-Dawley rats and old male rats in choice tests. The effect was dose dependent in male rats. Thus, the availability of central 5-HT appears to be important for the regulation of morphine preference in rat. The results are discussed in relation to recent literature where ethanol preference has been found to be attenuated by zimelidine. The results may provide insights into the complex cellular mechanisms underlying opiate addiction. PMID- 6229806 TI - Inhibition of X-ray-induced potentially lethal damage (PLD) repair in aerobic plateau-phase Chinese hamster cells by misonidazole. AB - The effect of the 2-nitroimidazole radiosensitizer misonidazole (MISO) and the hydrophilic analog SR-2508 on the repair of X-ray-induced potentially lethal damage (PLD) was studied in plateau-phase Chinese hamster ovary (HA-1) cells. It was found that although MISO does not radiosensitize aerobic cells, it inhibits the repair of PLD. However, under hypoxic conditions, MISO has no effect on PLD repair. The major portion of the inhibition of PLD repair in aerobic cells requires the presence of MISO only during irradiation; little or no additional inhibition occurs when MISO is present during the postirradiation repair period. Also, treatment of aerobic cells with 5 mM MISO for either 5 or 30 min prior to irradiation is equally inhibitory. This suggests that the presence of MISO in some way modifies the initial lesion under aerobic conditions since it does not increase cell killing as determined by immediate plating but inhibits subsequent repair. The inhibition is concentration dependent; 0.5 mM MISO inhibits PLD repair by one-half while 5-10 mM totally inhibits the repair measured 6 hr postirradiation. This phenomenon suggests that radiosensitization of tissue in vivo by MISO and other 2-nitroimidazoles may not be unequivocal proof of the presence of hypoxic cells. PMID- 6229807 TI - Interaction of hyperthermia and photoradiation therapy. AB - Local microwave hyperthermia (2450 MHz) was applied to axillary implants of the SMT-F mammary carcinoma in mice in combination with photoradiation therapy (PRT) in an attempt to determine if the two modalities interact. When 40.5 degrees C was applied for 30 min immediately prior to or immediately following PRT (630-nm light, 30 min, at 75 mW/cm2, 20-24 hr post 7.5 mg/kg hematoporphyrin derivative), enhancement of tumor response over that of PRT alone was seen as judged by lack of tumor regrowth (35 days or longer after treatment). A temperature of 41.5 degrees C applied for 30 min immediately following the 30-min PRT treatment produced a result slightly greater than that seen at 40.5 degrees C. When a temperature of 44.5 degrees C for 30 min was applied immediately following PRT, a substantial enhancement of tumor control at 35 days post-treatment was found (53% versus 19 and 4%, respectively, for hyperthermia and PRT alone). These results suggest that tumor response to PRT is enhanced by both a sublethal hyperthermic treatment (40.5 degrees C, 41.5 degrees C) and a moderately lethal heat treatment (44.5 degrees C) given for a short duration, when applied immediately before or after photoradiation. PMID- 6229808 TI - Chemotherapy of cervical carcinoma: use of Tc-99m-MAA infusion to predict drug distribution. AB - Nineteen patients with cervical cancer had infusion of Tc-99m-macroaggregated albumin particles (MAA) via bilateral internal iliac artery catheters to aid in dividing chemotherapeutic dose appropriately between the two catheters. Unequal drug distribution was used to minimize extrapelvic complications (local gluteal burns) by reducing the dose to the side with the greatest gluteal perfusion, or to increase the dose to the tumor regions that showed heightened perfusion. Pulmonary uptake, due primarily to arteriovenous shunting in the tumor bed, was seen in all patients. The authors suggest that bulk reduction of locally advanced cervical carcinoma in patients without prior irradiation may be achieved by intra arterial chemotherapy with tolerable toxicity. PMID- 6229810 TI - Immunosuppressive effects of virus infection. PMID- 6229809 TI - Immunoregulation in multiple sclerosis. PMID- 6229811 TI - Risk factor analysis. PMID- 6229812 TI - Progress in the measurement of circulating fibrinogen derivatives. PMID- 6229813 TI - Cancer as a problem in intercellular communication: regulation by growth inhibiting factors (Chalones). PMID- 6229814 TI - [Zinc in skin diseases]. PMID- 6229815 TI - [Ophthalmology and medicine of the healthy subject]. PMID- 6229816 TI - [The congener eye in closed-angle glaucoma]. PMID- 6229817 TI - [Considerations on occlusion of the central retinal vein]. PMID- 6229818 TI - [Hypertensive uveitis. II. Glaucomatocyclitis crises (Posner-Schlossmann syndrome)]. PMID- 6229819 TI - [Diabetic optic neuritis]. PMID- 6229820 TI - [Importance of the choice of time for surgical intervention in the treatment of chronic open-angle glaucoma]. PMID- 6229821 TI - [Consecutive freezing and thawing of the crystalline lens and its rotation, an improved technic increasing the percentage of successful intracapsular extractions in complicated or pathological situations even in young adults]. PMID- 6229822 TI - [The use of cryotherapy in recent hemophthalmos]. PMID- 6229823 TI - [Therapeutic results in strabismic amblyopia]. PMID- 6229824 TI - [Indications and therapeutic importance of paracentesis of the anterior chamber in inflammatory diseases of the anterior pole of the eyeball]. PMID- 6229825 TI - [Possibilities of preventing complications in interventions on the open eye]. PMID- 6229827 TI - [Procedures of the Cluj-Napoca Ophthalmology Clinic in the orthoptic treatment of concomitant strabismus]. PMID- 6229826 TI - [Anti-inflammatory drugs]. PMID- 6229828 TI - [Practical aspects of the correction of aphakia]. PMID- 6229829 TI - [Data on ocular onchocerciasis (presentation of cases)]. PMID- 6229830 TI - [Arteriography and selective embolization in the surgery of nasopharyngeal fibroma]. PMID- 6229831 TI - [The diagnosis and treatment of epistaxis]. PMID- 6229832 TI - [Our experience in the use of anti-inflammatory radiotherapy in otorhinolaryngology]. PMID- 6229833 TI - [Diagnosis of chronic cervical lymph-node formations]. PMID- 6229834 TI - [Facial paralysis in chronic suppurative otitis media]. PMID- 6229835 TI - [Clinical and therapeutic aspects of otogenic thrombophlebitis]. PMID- 6229836 TI - [Operative tactics and technics in adjacent otogenic brain abscesses]. PMID- 6229839 TI - [Therapeutic results obtained in the ORL section of Piatra Neamt with acupuncture in allergy of the upper respiratory tract]. PMID- 6229838 TI - [Acupuncture in neurosensory hypacusis]. PMID- 6229837 TI - [Repeated infections of the upper respiratory tract as a determining factor in chronicization of otitis in infants and young children. Etiopathogenetic and therapeutic aspects]. PMID- 6229840 TI - [Successes obtained with acupuncture in otorhinolaryngologic pathology]. PMID- 6229841 TI - [Acupuncture in ORL surgical operations]. PMID- 6229842 TI - [Acupuncture in the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia and facial nerve paralysis]. PMID- 6229843 TI - [Effects of acupuncture in various ORL diseases]. PMID- 6229844 TI - [Comparison by double-blind study of the combination of an aerosol of salbutamol and ipratropium bromide and its individual effect in chronic bronchitis and bronchial asthma]. PMID- 6229845 TI - Sleep and mental deficiency. AB - The nocturnal sleep of 54 young, organic and functional, institutionalized mentally deficients was recorded and analyzed according to Rechtschaffen and Kales (1968) and compared to that of 17 normal subjects of the same age. The paradoxical sleep (PS) rate of mental deficients is significantly lower than that of normals, as is the number of PS phases. On the other hand, the rate of intermediary sleep (IS) is increased, as is the latency of the first PS phases. The analysis of intervals between consecutive horizontal eye movements showed that intervals less than 1 sec (I less than 1 sec) are shorter in mental deficients. The ratio between high frequency (I less than 1 sec) and low frequency intervals (I greater than or equal to 2 sec) increases with age in normals and remains at a constant low level in mental deficients. PMID- 6229846 TI - The person with disability and the benefits of the microcomputer revolution: to have or to have not. PMID- 6229847 TI - Crashworthiness of restraints for physically disabled children in buses. PMID- 6229848 TI - Rick Creech: pioneer in technology for nonspeaking individuals. PMID- 6229849 TI - Pathology of the active Arthus reaction in the chicken. AB - It was possible to produce an active Arthus reaction in chicken skin which resulted in gross and microscopic lesions. Histologically, the reaction was predominantly thrombotic in nature and restricted to the upper dermis. The thrombi appeared to develop as a consequence of immune complex deposition with adherence and aggregation of thrombocytes at the vascular endothelium. Thrombosis induced widespread necrosis and haemorrhage and vasculitis occurred in the lower dermis. Up to four hours after inoculation, the cell population comprised an infiltration of heterophils, monocytes and basophils, suggesting an immediate hypersensitivity reaction. This was followed by an Arthus type reaction for four to 12 hours involving both heterophils and monocytes. A characteristic feature was the development of early perivascular lymphoid foci. After 12 hours the reaction resembled a delayed hypersensitivity. The use of colloidal carbon suggested that whereas phagocytic activity of the heterophils and basophils appeared sensitisation dependent, that of thrombocytes and monocytes was independent of it. The findings indicate that in the Arthus reaction in the chicken the thrombocyte appears to be the principal cell producing tissue damage by thrombosis. A comparison was made with the active Arthus reaction in the rabbit. PMID- 6229850 TI - [Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty]. PMID- 6229851 TI - [Chlamydia trachomatis perihepatitis, a diagnosis to consider in the presence of liver pain in young women]. PMID- 6229852 TI - [Therapeutic strategies in child psychiatry]. PMID- 6229853 TI - [The fever syndrome in neurologic pathology]. PMID- 6229854 TI - [The contribution of whole-body scintigraphy with Tc99m diphosphonate in neurosurgical examinations]. PMID- 6229855 TI - [Spectrophotometry of the cerebrospinal fluid in acute cerebrovascular diseases]. PMID- 6229856 TI - [Transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (Creutzfeld-Jakob disease)]. PMID- 6229857 TI - [Neurosurgical diagnosis and treatment of craniocerebral trauma in polytraumatized patients (study of 920 cases)]. PMID- 6229858 TI - [Ependymoma of the posterior part of the third cerebral ventricle with obstructive hydrocephalus (clinical, iodo-ventriculographic, biopsy and stereotaxic diagnosis)]. PMID- 6229859 TI - [Karl Jaspers (1883-1969)]. PMID- 6229860 TI - [A patient treated with intravenous fibrinolysis and percutaneous transluminal angioplasty following myocardial infarct]. PMID- 6229861 TI - [Lumbosciatalgias of vascular origin]. PMID- 6229862 TI - [A.I.D.S. (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome)]. PMID- 6229863 TI - [New technic: the implantable pump in liver cancer]. PMID- 6229864 TI - Intranasal ipratropium in the treatment of vasomotor rhinitis. AB - Ipratropium administered in the form of a nasal spray was compared with placebo in 30 patients with vasomotor rhinitis in a double-blind cross-over trial. There was a significant reduction in nasal hypersecretion during ipratropium treatment, but no effect on nasal blockage, sneezing or tickling. On the whole, 20 patients (66.7%) considered ipratropium worth using. 11 patients had mild side- effects, mainly nasal irritation, during ipratropium treatment and 7 with placebo. A therapeutical trial with ipratropium is appropriate in the management of severe rhinorrhoea in patients with vasomotor rhinitis. PMID- 6229865 TI - [Dental care for the handicapped]. PMID- 6229866 TI - [Dental care for the handicapped (3)]. PMID- 6229867 TI - [Erosive sternoclavicular and manubriosternal arthritis in the rheumatism of acne conglobata. Relation to reactive arthritis]. PMID- 6229868 TI - [Lichenoid eruption during the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis with pyrithioxin]. PMID- 6229869 TI - [Value of arthroscopy in aseptic filarial monoarthritis]. PMID- 6229870 TI - Identification of acoustic neuroma in noise-exposed workers. AB - Over a 5-year period, 10 workers petitioning the Workers' Compensation Board (WCB) of British Columbia for compensation for occupational noise-induced hearing loss (ONIHL) were determined to be suffering from undiagnosed acoustic neuroma. Seven out of 10 claimants were workers in industries with high profile hearing conservation programs. Nine subjects presented with asymmetrical sensorineural hearing loss, only one of whom had had otoneurological workup prior to investigation at the Hearing Branch of the Workers' Compensation Board. Two case histories are presented. PMID- 6229871 TI - Leu 7+ (HNK-1+) cells. II. Characterization of blood Leu 7+ cells with respect to immunophenotype and cell density. AB - In the present study, combined methods (indirect immunofluorescence with monoclonal antibodies, Percoll density fractionation, FACS analysis, and the cytotoxicity test) were used for further characterization of peripheral blood Leu 7+ cells (human NK and K cells). The Leu 7+ cell content was found to be relatively higher in the low-density cell fraction in which cells of large granular lymphocyte morphology predominated. However, Leu 7+ cells were also present in intermediate and high-density fractions. Low-density Leu 7+ cells were characterized by both Leu 2 (T suppressor/cytotoxic) and OKM1 (myelomonocytic) markers, whereas among high-density Leu 7+ cells the Leu 2 phenotype strictly predominated. Depletion of OKT3+ cells from the non-adherent cell population caused a decrease of cells with T helper and T suppressor phenotypes but did not have this effect on Leu 7+ and OKM1+ cells. After depletion of Leu 7+ cells from the OKT3- population the content of both T suppressor and OKM1+ cells decreased. Both the present results and previous reports enable us to conclude that two main Leu 7+ cell subpopulations are present in blood, namely Leu 7+Leu 2+/Leu 4+ and Leu 7+/OKM1+ cells. The presence of small and large Leu 7+ cells was also shown by FACS analysis. PMID- 6229872 TI - Functional differences of anti-T-cell antibody in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and ulcerative colitis. AB - The loss of suppressor T-cell function results in an abundant production of autoantibodies in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). As a cause of this suppressor T-cell defect, anti-T-cell antibody seems to be of prime importance. On the other hand, anti-T-cell antibodies can be detected in various other autoimmune diseases, but their functional characteristics have not been determined. In the present study, the functional characteristics of anti-T-cell antibody from a selected subgroup of patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) were compared with those from patients with SLE. Anti-T-cell antibody from the patients with SLE reacted with a T8 subset, resulting in a suppressor defect, whereas anti-T-cell antibody from the UC patients reacted primarily with a T4 subset. Functionally, SLE- T cells failed to proliferate in response to concanavalin A, whereas UC- T cells from UC patients failed to proliferate in response to phytohaemagglutinin. In the Ig synthesis system, both SLE- and UC- T cells increased Ig production of B cells. Since UC+ T cells did not contribute to the generation of Con-A-inducible suppressor activity, we believe that serum from the selected subgroup of patients with UC reacted with the inducer T-cell subset. PMID- 6229873 TI - [Intact cellular immune response in patients with locally metastasizing breast carcinoma at the time of diagnosis]. AB - Reduced cellular immune response is well documented in patients with advanced breast cancer. To investigate immunocompetence at the time of diagnosis, 104 patients with breast cancer staged according to the TNM classification were studied preoperatively and compared with 95 age matched healthy women. Tests of blood mononuclear leukocytes included lymphocyte and monocyte counts, determination of rosette forming T (SER +) and B (MER +) lymphocytes, T lymphocyte subsets defined with monoclonal antibodies (Leu-1, Leu-2a, Leu-3a) and with lectin fractionation (soybean agglutinin, SBA), lymphocyte transformation tests with PHA and ConA and colony formation of T cells in agar (TL-CFC). Two age groups (A: 30-50, B: 51-70 years) and the different tumor stages (I-IV) were analyzed. Patients and controls did not differ in absolute numbers of lymphocytes, T and B cells. In patients of group B the absolute number of monocytes was slightly increased in stages II and III and significantly in stage IV (p less than 0.025). Similarly, the lymphocyte response to PHA was significantly reduced in stage IV group B only (p less than 0.05). ConA induced lymphocyte proliferation and TL-CFC capacity were not different in patients and controls. In the small number of patients and age matched controls, in whom T lymphocyte subsets were determined, the relative numbers of T cells with helper or suppressor phenotype as defined with Leu-3a, Leu-2a, or SBA were similar. In conclusion, in breast cancer, at the time of diagnosis, blood T lymphocyte populations and functions are not altered except in elderly patients with disseminated disease. The monocytosis and reduced PHA responsiveness observed in the latter group may be related phenomena. PMID- 6229874 TI - [Immunotherapy of allergic diseases: present and future]. AB - The efficacy of immunotherapy (IT) of immediate type allergies is well established but its mode of action is unclear. Indication for IT is based on history confirmed by skin tests, RAST and possibly provocation tests. Nature, severity and duration of allergic symptoms must be considered. IT is especially suitable as a basic treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis and pollen asthma as well as perennial rhinitis and asthma due to the house dust mite. The value of IT with molds and bacterial vaccines is questionable. With insect venoms IT is well established as a means of preventing anaphylactic reactions to hymenoptera stings. Improvement of IT will be brought about chiefly by better standardization and purification of allergen extracts. The significance of IT with chemically modified allergens and using different modes of application (oral, nasal) cannot be definitely evaluated at present. PMID- 6229875 TI - [Silicosis in Switzerland. A half century of observation. The physician's viewpoint]. AB - In Switzerland, the first cases of silicosis were recorded by Zangger in 1900. Since 1930, patients with silicosis have been provided with certain services by the "Caisse Nationale Suisse d'Assurances" (i.e. Swiss National Insurance Fund), an organization enforcing the Occupational Accidents and Diseases Bill. However, it took another two years before an effectively organized struggle against silicosis was started. Eventually, by 1938, this specific pneumoconiosis was acknowledged as an occupational disease under Swiss Law. Thus, the CNSA has been concerned with this disease for half a century, and it seems relevant now to take stock of the situation. From 1930 to late 1980, 9690 cases of silicosis were accepted by the CNSA. Nearly one half (46%) of these silicotic patients were still alive on December 31, 1980; another third had died of silicosis and the rest of other affections not related The origin of cases has remained remarkably constant over the course of time. Underground working and the stone-working industry account for the majority of cases (70%), followed by smelting works (16%) and the ceramic industry (5%). The remaining 9% are due to various causes. Silicosis hazards have declined but still remain real. In late 1980, 1287 companies in Switzerland were being monitored from this standpoint. More than two thirds (67%) belong to the stone-working industry (even though only 30% of hazard exposed workers are employed in this sector), 10% are involved in underground work (10% of hazard-exposed workers), 10% are smelting industries (36% exposed) and 6% belong to the ceramic industry (17% exposed). Since 1950, the number of hazard-exposed people has fluctuated between relatively narrow limits (i.e. 15,000 and 20,000). Corresponding figures for previous periods are not known. Some facts indicate that silicosis is becoming less problematic: a) The annual incidence rate of silicosis in Switzerland has evolved in three distinct phases. From 1930 to 1940 the number of new cases recorded each year rose regularly. From 1940 to the late 1960s, the incidence levelled off (200-300 cases yearly); then, from 1974, it dropped rather sharply and less than 100 new cases have been recorded yearly since 1978 (97 in 1978, 69 in 1979 and 68 in 1980). b) The average age at diagnosis of silicosis has regularly increased. Until 1940, the average age of recorded silicotic patients was about 40. The threshold of 50 years was reached between 1953 and 1957. More recently (between 1978 and 1980) the corresponding figure was 68.2.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6229876 TI - [Silicosis in Switzerland. The jurist's viewpoint: compensation for silicotic patients by the National Fund]. AB - Occupational diseases are defined in the light of present and forthcoming legislation. Administrative processing and the conditions for indemnity are described. The problems surrounding the level of disability pensions for silicotics and the determination of annual income are central to the discussion. International conventions and judicial procedures are briefly reviewed. PMID- 6229877 TI - Medical groups protest new "Baby Doe" rules. PMID- 6229878 TI - Tracking the lost I-J suppressor region. PMID- 6229879 TI - Determinants of receipt of assistance benefit and welfare services in a group of disabled adults in Norway. AB - A survey of 472 chronically ill and disabled Norwegian adults with four different main diagnoses (asthma/allergy, hemophilia, osteogenesis imperfecta and rheumatic disease) was carried out during a period of 3 years. The purpose was to analyse the factors influencing their use of available Social Insurance and Welfare services. The participants were interviewed and their medical records studied. Compared to the total population their level of education was lower and fewer were active in the work force. Available social insurance benefits had been obtained by almost half of the patients with hemophilia and osteogenesis imperfecta, but very few with asthma/allergy and rheumatic disease. Patients with high family income and/or high educational level had received relatively more social insurance benefits than others. Men had obtained more benefits than women and young patients more than the older ones. The need for practical welfare services was high, particularly in families where a parent or daughter looked after the patient, where the patient had several additional diagnoses, and among the female patients. There was a higher unmet need for welfare services among patients suffering from asthma/allergy and rheumatic diseases than among those with hemophilia and osteogenesis imperfecta. There were marked regional differences in the granting of both social insurance and welfare services. PMID- 6229880 TI - Chemiosmotic coupling and its application to the accumulation of biological amines in secretory granules. PMID- 6229881 TI - Thyroid abnormalities in patients previously treated with irradiation for acne vulgaris. AB - Of 1,203 patients who received radiation treatment for acne vulgaris between 1940 and 1968, 302 patients were recalled and examined, 121 at Geisinger Medical Center and the remainder by their local physicians. Radiation records were reviewed on all patients. Lead-rubber and cones had been used as shielding. Mean age at the time of exposure was 21 years and mean total exposure was 692 R. Palpable nodular thyroid disease was found in eight patients (2.6%). Of these, thyroid carcinoma was detected in two patients (0.66%). Although the number of patients examined was small, the incidence of carcinomas was unexpectedly high. We conclude that follow-up examination is worthwhile for patients previously treated by irradiation for acne vulgaris. PMID- 6229882 TI - Strongyloidiasis manifested as asthma. AB - We have described a case of infection with Strongyloides stercoralis manifested as asthma. As a result of treatment with corticosteroids, hyperinfection developed with aggravation of symptoms. The patient's condition improved only after thiabendazole therapy was instituted and corticosteroids were discontinued. PMID- 6229883 TI - Endoscopic visualization of an intraluminal dacron graft: definitive diagnosis of aortoduodenal fistula. AB - The literature contains more than 250 cases of graft enteric fistula. The classic symptom complex involves antecedent bleeding followed by exsanguinating hemorrhage within hours to days. In patients with gastrointestinal hemorrhage and a history of aortic graft implantation, the role of endoscopy is crucial, first to delineate any coexistent disease and secondarily to view the fistula itself. Although only 20 cases have been so diagnosed, aggressive intubation of the distal duodenum in a patient fully prepared for surgical intervention may yield a definitive diagnosis of aortoduodenal fistula, thus facilitating appropriate aggressive surgical management. PMID- 6229884 TI - Incidence and severity of back pain in adult idiopathic scoliosis. AB - Incidence of back pain in a referred and followed group of 197 adults with idiopathic scoliosis and in a comparable control group of 180 adults without known spinal deformity was the same. Severity of pain, however, was greater in scoliotic patients. The clinical course of back pain in adults without spinal deformity and in scoliotics was different: 64% improvement in adults without scoliosis versus 83% persistence and progression in adults with scoliosis. Fifty one percent of adult scoliotics (101 patients) had significant pain. Pain increased with age and degree of scoliotic curvature (P less than 0.0005). Patients with major lumbar curves had more pain. Major complaint was frequently below major deformity. Compensatory lumbosacral fractional curves were most painful and disabling. Pain comes mainly from concavity of curves and includes discogenic, facet joint, and radicular origins. Surgery significantly reduced pain (P less than 0.0001); conservative therapy did not. Eighty-three percent of surgical patients had sufficient pain relief to make surgery worthwhile at five years average follow-up. PMID- 6229885 TI - Assessment in further education. PMID- 6229886 TI - [Inflammation and active oxygen]. PMID- 6229887 TI - Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. A review of the literature. PMID- 6229888 TI - A case of byssinosis. PMID- 6229889 TI - The coloured elderly in Cape Town--a psychosocial, psychiatric and medical community survey. Part III. A survey of physical disorders and disabilities. AB - A representative sample of elderly Coloured persons (over the age of 65 years) in the community underwent a medical and psychosocial assessment of prevalent physical disorders and resultant disability. This revealed that hypertension, visual impairment, osteo-arthritis and chronic lung disease were the most prevalent and disabling conditions, while hearing impairment and major neurological disorders played a lesser role. Most of the individuals claimed that they had little or no disability, while 10 felt they were only moderately disabled and 21 (14,9%) that they were severely disabled. The number of disorders ranged from 2,08 in those claiming no disability to 3,28 in those who were severely disabled. Profiles of the results of biochemical investigations resembled those of other aged populations, serum cholesterol, creatinine and alkaline phosphatase levels being raised. The pattern of medical care was also examined, including medication and the use of local facilities. PMID- 6229890 TI - Diagnostic laparoscopy and management of patients with confirmed acute pelvic inflammatory disease. AB - The clinical success rate in the diagnosis of acute pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is unacceptably low. There is an invaluable role for laparoscopy in the diagnosis, investigation and treatment of patients with suspected pelvic infection. PID at Ngwelezana Hospital is predominantly gonococcal and a combination of penicillin G and clindamycin has proved highly effective in the management of these patients. PMID- 6229891 TI - Computed tomography of intraabdominal abscesses. AB - A total of 78 patients were subjected to computed tomography (CT) over a period of 18 months. CT proved extremely accurate in the diagnosis of intraabdominal abscesses and in estimating the extent of spread. The series included many examples of amoebic and hydatid abscesses with unusual presentations and appearances. The commonest appearance of abscesses on CT was a low-density mass with peripheral rims after the administration of intravenous contrast media, followed by gas-containing low-density lesions which were regarded as showing characteristic features of abscess formation. Pitfalls in the CT appearance of abdominal abscesses were many and correlation with the clinical presentation was essential for diagnosis. The greatest value of CT lay in the rapidity of diagnosis. PMID- 6229892 TI - Persistence of Mycoplasma hominis after therapy: importance of tetracycline resistance and of coexisting vaginal flora. AB - In past studies Mycoplasma hominis has persisted after treatment with placebo, penicillins, or rifampin in 88-97% of women and 49-77% of men with infections of the lower genital tract. Among women with nonspecific vaginitis, M. hominis persisted in only a third of those treated with metronidazole as compared with at least 70% of those treated with ampicillin (P = 0.01), even though M. hominis is resistant in vitro to metronidazole and to its acid and hydroxy metabolites. Persistence of M. hominis after treatment with metronidazole was significantly associated with persistence of Bacteroides species in the vagina (P = .03). These results suggest that colonization of the vagina with M. hominis is partly dependent on other components of the vaginal microbial flora. In prior studies, M. hominis has persisted in zero to 50% of women and in zero to 30% of men after treatment with tetracycline or lincomycin, but the role of tetracycline resistance in treatment failure was not defined. The susceptibility of M. hominis to tetracycline is bimodal; and the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of tetracycline for strains isolated before or soon after treatment was greater than or equal to 16 micrograms/ml for seven (78%) of nine that did persist and for two (17%) of 12 that did not persist after tetracycline therapy for cervicitis in women (P = .002). The MIC of tetracycline was greater than or equal to 16 micrograms/ml for two (12%) of 17 isolates from women in Seattle in 1972-1973, as compared with 27 (34%) of 79 isolates from Seattle men and women in 1979 1982.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6229893 TI - Effects of compliance alteration on healing of a porous dacron prosthesis in the thoracic aorta of the dog. AB - In our study, the results reveal that a marked reduction in the compliance of an external-velour, weft-knit Dacron prosthesis did not impair healing of either the graft wall or of the anastomoses when these grafts were implanted in the upper part of the descending thoracic aorta of the dog for 56 days. These observations are clinically relevant, since they are important to the design of noncrimped fabric prostheses which are resistant to kink and compression when used for axillofemoral, femoropopliteal and femorotibial bypass. However, experimental studies of the influence of compliance disparity should be extended to such grafts implanted for several years. PMID- 6229894 TI - A physical measurement of the mechanisms of transluminal angioplasty. AB - We report a quantitative determination of the relative contribution of various factors leading to arterial lumen enlargement during transluminal angioplasty. Mechanical tests were conducted on both normal and atherosclerotic artery necropsy specimens. In the range of dilating pressures tested (0 to 3.4 atm or 0 to 50 lb/in2), content extrusion of fluid from the plaque accounted for 6% to 12% of the overall lumen area increase, while compaction of the plaque accounted for only 1% to 1.5%. Most of the increase (86.8% to 93%) was due to plaque and arterial wall disruption. The mechanism of disruption involved shearing of the plaque from the underlying artery at relatively low dilating pressures, followed by longitudinal tearing in the arterial wall at higher pressures. Diseased arteries were observed to dilate significantly more than nondiseased arteries at dilating pressures greater than or equal to 1.36 atm or 20 lb/in2 (P less than 0.05). In the range of stenoses tested (10% to 50% based on diameter reduction), the mean dilating pressure required to increase the lumen cross-sectional area by 50% was approximately 1.5 atm or 22 lb/in2. Based on these studies, we conclude that balloon dilatation results arise mainly from plaque and arterial wall disruption. PMID- 6229895 TI - [Incidence of ischemic heart disease in relation to several risk factors in a specific population]. PMID- 6229896 TI - Lymphoma mimicking cardiomegaly. PMID- 6229897 TI - 75Se-seleno-methionine-actin as a probe for determination of platelet production rate. AB - Synthesis of actin is a reasonably correct representation of the platelet production rate. Measurement of actin production obviates some of the drawbacks encountered in currently available methods. Platelet actin was characterized on polyacrylamide gel electrophoreses using methylated radioactive rabbit actin as a reference. Platelet actin was unambiguously identified by showing that it forms a complex with DNAase-I similar to the complex obtained with pure rabbit actin. Six days after intravenous injection of 75Se-seleno-methionine actin was one of the most highly labelled platelet components. The platelet pellet (one rat per sample) was solubilized with 1% Triton X-100, 0.75 M guanidine-HCl and dialyzed in a medium containing 1% SDS (to eliminate Triton X-100 and guanidine-HCl). A carefully measured aliquot was deposited on a polyacrylamide gel. After electrophoresis in the presence of SDS the radioactivity of the actin band was measured and the ratio of the total actin radioactivity to the injected radioactivity was taken as a measure of platelet production. The validity of the actin probe was tested with populations of normal animals. The specific radioactivity of actin was proportional to the injected dose of 75Se-seleno methionine up to 1 mCi/kg animal. A semi-log plot of actin specific radioactivity vs time exhibited a pseudo-first order decrease. Another constituent with a high specific radioactivity (XM) was excluded as a suitable probe because it was shown to be an adsorbed plasma protein. PMID- 6229898 TI - The behaviour of various platelet function tests during long-term prostacyclin infusion in patients with peripheral vascular disease. AB - In 20 patients with peripheral vascular disease treated with prostacyclin (5 ng/kg/min) we observed a significant activation of platelet function as measured by platelet proteins, ADP-induced aggregation platelet sensitivity and platelet count. Only the platelet survival was significantly prolonged by the treatment. PMID- 6229899 TI - Fibrinolytic activity in plasma and deep vein thrombosis after major abdominal surgery. AB - In a prospective study of the frequency of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in 45 patients subjected to major abdominal surgery, 17 patients showed signs of DVT as assessed by the 125I-fibrinogen test. In 15 of the patients the DVT was diagnosed during the first four postoperative days. Blood samples were taken pre- and postoperatively and analysed for fibrinogen, prothrombin complex, APTT, platelet count, plasminogen, alpha 2-antiplasmin, fibrin(ogen) degradation products, and plasmin-alpha 2-antiplasmin complex (PAP). The latter was used in order to reflect the fibrinolytic activity. Preoperatively, and postoperatively on day 3, the levels of PAP were significantly higher in patients without postoperative DVT. The data suggests that patients subjected to major abdominal surgery, who have enhanced fibrinolytic activity preoperatively, have a lesser tendency to develop postoperative DVT. Patients with postoperative DVT may have decreased fibrinolytic ability. From the data of the other parameters it is concluded that patients with DVT can have increased levels of FDP at the time of development of thrombosis. PMID- 6229900 TI - Glycoprotein IIb-IIIa complex in platelets of patients and heterozygotes of Glanzmann's thrombasthenia. AB - The concentration of the glycoprotein (GP) IIb-IIIa complex in thrombasthenic platelets of 8 patients of 6 families has been estimated. In the thrombasthenic platelets of 3 patients this complex is absent (thrombasthenia type I and subtype I). In 2 patients only traces are detectable and in 3 patients GP IIb-IIIa complex is strongly reduced (less than 5%). On the basis of the haemostatic data as well as the content of GP IIb-IIIa complex and platelet fibrinogen the classification of these types as subtypes of thrombasthenia type II is discussed. The diagnostic applicability of GP IIb-IIIa complex determination for heterozygote detection in types of thrombasthenia with absent or extremely reduced GP IIb-IIIa complex is shown. PMID- 6229902 TI - [Social significance of low backache]. PMID- 6229903 TI - The comparative toxic effects of proprietary antidandruff, adult and baby shampoos on rabbit ileum. AB - Each of four antidandruff shampoos, containing zinc pyrithione, was statistically significantly more potent at blocking spontaneous contractions of rabbit isolated ileum than was any of four adult shampoos which in turn were each significantly more potent that any of four baby shampoos tested. The ileum model therefore appears to be sufficiently sensitive to distinguish between antidandruff, adult and baby shampoos. It is suggested that if those who carry out in vivo eye irritancy testing also test their products on the ileum model then, over a period of time, this in vitro test might be proved to be a viable alternative to many of the in vivo tests currently carried out. PMID- 6229901 TI - Involvement of hemostasis during an autoimmune glomerulonephritis induced by mercuric chloride in brown Norway rats. AB - Mercuric chloride (HgCl2) induces in Brown Norway (BN) rats an autoimmune disease characterized by a biphasic glomerulonephritis (GN). A transient nephrotic syndrome occurs during the third and fourth weeks after the first HgCl2 injection. Related to nephrotic syndrome, an hypercoagulable state develops with decreased factor XII and anti-thrombin III (AT III) levels and increased factor V activity and fibrinogen concentration. Moreover, during the same period, most of the rats were found thrombocytopenic. The presence of soluble fibrin monomer complexes and of fibrin degradation products (FDP) in the plasma of these rats associated with fibrin thrombi in glomerular capillary lumen proved the occurrence of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). DIC was responsible for the death of several rats but most of these survived and clotting abnormalities were no longer found. Numerous factors can explain the occurrence of DIC in this model: anti glomerular basement membrane antibodies, circulating immune complexes, complement activation and/or glomerular endothelial cell detachment. The HgCl2 induced autoimmune disease appears as a good experimental model to study the relation between coagulation process and glomerulonephritis. PMID- 6229904 TI - Mercuric chloride stress on serum transaminase activity in Notopterus notopterus. AB - Mercuric intoxication at sublethal levels (1/5, 1/10, 1/15, 1/20 or 1/25 fractions of 96 h LC50) produced alterations in the activity of serum glutamic oxalacetic transaminase (SGOT) and serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) of Notopterus notopterus. The difference between control and treated fish was found to be significant at P less than 0.05, P less than 0.01 and P less than 0.001 levels. Maximum (81.75%) significant (P less than 0.001) effect was observed in SGOT: maximum (69.23%) significant (P less than 0.001) effect was observed in SGPT in fish exposed for 60 days. PMID- 6229905 TI - Tissue specific alteration of aminotransferases and total ATPases in the fish (Tilapia mossambica) under methyl parathion impact. AB - The activity levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AAT), alanine aminotransferase (AlAT) and total adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) were studied in muscle, gill, liver and brain tissues of control and methyl parathion exposed (MPE) fish. Both aminotransferases were elevated in all the tissues inferring the diversion of alpha-amino acids into the TCA cycle as keto acids to augment energy production during methyl parathion (MP) stress. In gill, liver and brain tissues, there seemed to be a shift in the aminotransferase reactions under MP impact. The total ATPase activity was decreased in all tissues, suggesting inhibition of active transport and oxidative phosphorylation. PMID- 6229906 TI - The effect of interaction between subsequent doses of MeHgCl or HgCl2 on the biliary excretion of mercury from each individual dose. AB - The biliary excretion and organ distribution of mercury was investigated in male rats which received mercuric chloride (HgCl2) (0.65 mg/kg Hg2+) or methylmercury chloride (MeHgCl) (2 mg/kg Hg) i.p. and 48 h later the same compound i.v. Mercury was labelled with 203Hg either in the first or second injection. In controls saline was substituted for unlabelled mercury. In one experiment rats pretreated with HgCl2 were given Me203HgCl 48 h later. The biliary excretion and organ distribution of 203Hg were not influenced by the injection of cold MeHgCl given before or after Me203HgCl or by HgCl2 given 48 h after 203HgCl2. HgCl2 given 48 h before the injection of 203HgCl2 or Me203HgCl significantly decreased biliary excretion of 203Hg despite increased 203Hg levels in blood and liver. PMID- 6229907 TI - Transient changes in cerebral vascular resistance during the Valsalva maneuver in man. AB - Measurements of cerebral spinal fluid pressure, arterial pressure, and internal carotid artery blood flow were obtained in a series of patients during a Valsalva maneuver. During straining (phase II), an 11% reduction in mean arterial pressure was associated with a 21% decrease in internal carotid flow from control values; and following release (phase IV), the 19% increase in mean arterial pressure produced a 22% increase in internal carotid artery flow. Perfusion pressure computed as the mean arterial pressure minus cerebral spinal fluid pressure and internal carotid artery blood flow were used to calculate an index of cerebral vascular resistance. The data indicate that a modest but significant decrease in vascular resistance occurred during phases II and III followed by return to control levels during phase IV. These changes in vascular resistance were not rapid enough or of sufficient magnitude to maintain constant cerebral perfusion during the Valsalva maneuver. PMID- 6229908 TI - Suppression of mitogenic lectin-induced blast transformation of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells by pyrimethamine. AB - The anti-malarial drug pyrimethamine suppresses in vitro mitogenic lectin-induced blast transformation by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (MNC) when the drug is added to cells (1 X 10(-5) M/culture). Sulphadoxine, a second widely used anti-malarial drug has no suppressive effect on the MNC. MNC responsiveness in the mixed leucocyte reaction and cellular viability are not altered by either pyrimethamine or sulphadoxine. In addition, no significant suppression is found when serum obtained from individuals on pyrimethamine-sulphadoxine chemoprophylaxis is added to MNC in the assays. The data, however, do not totally rule out any clinically significant suppressive effect by the anti-malarial drugs on human cellular immune responses. PMID- 6229910 TI - Correlation between isoenzyme patterns and biological behaviour of different strains of Trypanosoma cruzi. AB - Three strains of Trypanosoma cruzi, used previously as prototypes for a classification based on the host-parasite relationships, as well as several stocks isolated from different geographical areas in Brazil, were submitted to isoenzymic analysis. Their isoenzyme patterns revealed a clear correlation with the biological data. The patterns obtained with the enzymes PGM, GPI, ASAT and ALAT permitted discrimination between each of the described types. Only one type was found in each geographical area studied, indicating a possible relationship between regional patterns and clinical presentation of Chagas' disease. PMID- 6229911 TI - Acquired alteration in the expression of blood groups in a patient with sideroblastic anemia and chronic renal failure. AB - A patient with well-differentiated lymphocytic lymphoma in remission presented with renal failure, sideroblastic anemia, and an acquired diminution in the expression of A antigen on his red cells. Other red cell antigens (H, M, i, and I) also were expressed weakly. Lewis antigen was expressed only in secretions. The diminished expression of the A antigen could not be accounted for by diminution in the specific glycosyl transferases responsible for its expression, since the activity in the serum of both the H enzyme (alpha 1 leads to 2 fucosyltransferase) and the A enzyme (alpha 1 leads to 3 N acetylgalactosaminyltransferase) was not diminished. When sialic acid was removed by enzymatic treatment, the expression of the A and i antigens was augmented markedly, suggesting that the sialic acid may have altered the expression or detection of the antigens. This abnormality was probably related to dysplasia of the bone marrow which was otherwise manifest by ringed sideroblasts, unsegmented megakaryocytes, and diminished growth in vitro. PMID- 6229909 TI - Inhibition of mitogenic lectin induced blast transformation in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells by mefloquine. AB - The effect of mefloquine-HCL, a new 4-quinoline methanol anti-malarial compound, on in vitro blast transformation of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (MNC) was studied. Mefloquine significantly suppressed lectin-induced blast transformation of MNC from healthy Thai adults but MNC responsiveness in the mixed leucocyte reaction (MLR) and cellular viability were not reduced by the concentrations of mefloquine studied. Both T and non-T MNC responsiveness was lower in cultures containing the drug than in normal control cultures. The addition of serum from individuals on mefloquine chemoprophylaxis caused no significant suppression in the blast transformation assays or the MLR but the data do not rule out any clinically significant in vivo suppressive effect by mefloquine on human cellular immune response. PMID- 6229912 TI - Suppressor cells and their role in the survival of immunologically enhanced rat kidney allografts. AB - A search has been made for suppressor cells in the spleens of AS rats bearing long-surviving, enhanced AUG strain kidney allografts. The assay consisted of an adoptive transfer of splenocytes from AS rats with enhanced AUG kidneys to normal AS rats that also received test grafts of AUG kidneys. The critical feature of the AUG kidney test grafts was that the native population of passenger cells had been replaced by AS passenger cells--thus reducing, but not eliminating, immunogenicity of the graft. With this assay, it was shown that 2.7-3.5 X 10(8) spleen cells transferred substantial and statistically significant suppression of graft rejection. Suppression was also transferred by spleen cells that did not adhere to nylon wool. It is concluded that suppressor cells are one of the mechanisms ensuring continued survival of enhanced kidney allografts. PMID- 6229913 TI - Successful transplantation of cyclosporine-treated haploidentical living-related renal recipients without blood transfusions. AB - A protocol of cyclosporine and prednisone immunosuppression was used in 36 consecutive haploidentical living-related renal transplant recipients from donors displaying marked proliferation in mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC) reactions. All blood transfusions (random third-party and donor-specific) were withheld once a negative crossmatch with the prospective kidney donor was obtained. With a mean follow-up of 13.6 months, patient survival is 97% (35/36) and graft survival is 92% (33/36). One graft was lost to rejection; two were abandoned because of sepsis. Only 14% (5/36) of patients experienced a rejection episode. No significant differences were evident in graft survival, rejection episodes, or renal function between the 15 recipients who were never transfused and the 21 with a history of previous blood transfusions. These findings suggest that pretransplant blood transfusions not only are unnecessary to achieve excellent graft survival, but also may jeopardize donor availability by donor-specific presensitization. PMID- 6229914 TI - Effects of passive enhancement on graft and host. Graft adaptation by alloantibody as the mechanism of prolonged skin allograft survival. AB - The cellular response to passively enhanced allogeneic skin grafts in mice was investigated using alloantiserum raised in hyperimmunized (C57BL/6 X A/J)F1 (B6AF1) against B10.D2oSn (B10.D2) mice. B6AF1 mice given B10.D2 skin grafts and passively enhanced with B6AF1 anti-B10.D2 alloantiserum (anti-31) showed delayed development of the ability to generate high levels of specific cytotoxicity in vitro. This delayed responsiveness was not transferable in vivo to freshly skin grafted mice, nor could cell-mediated suppression of development of in vitro responses be demonstrated in mixing experiments. These results suggested that alloantiserum acted on the graft. When skin grafts from passively enhanced animals were transferred to naive recipients prolonged graft survival was seen. Our results suggest that the mechanism of prolonged graft survival of the passively enhanced murine skin graft was through alteration of inherent graft immunogenicity, rather than a direct effect on the host. PMID- 6229915 TI - Enforcement of specific unresponsiveness by the long-term presence of allogeneic heart grafts. AB - Mechanisms underlying the maintenance of long-term heart allografts were analyzed in rats treated with Cyclosporine. It was shown that acceptance of allografts after cyclosporine did not involve the attenuation of immunogenicity of the grafts. This conclusion was drawn from two observations: (1) Pretreatment of the donors with cyclosporine did not cause prolongation of graft survival time; and (2) cyclosporine stabilized allografts were normally rejected by secondary recipients when retransplanted on day 30. Studies of the acceptance of skin grafts from the heart donor strain indicated the existence of a mechanism to maintain donor-specific unresponsiveness in the presence of a stable allograft in a time-dependent manner. Thus, the mean rejection time of F344 skin grafts on WKA rats bearing F344 hearts was more than 80 days when transplanted on day 210, but it was 32 days when they were transplanted on day 30. Active participation of specific suppressor cells in the maintenance of unresponsiveness was suggested because data obtained in the cell transfer experiments was statistically significant. Transfer of lymphocytes from rats bearing long-term grafts showed a tendency to delay rejection of skin grafts by sublethally irradiated hosts, but it failed to delay the rapid rejection by normal lymphocytes cotransferred to the same recipients. PMID- 6229916 TI - Perturbation of epidermal Langerhans cells in immunosuppressed human renal allograft recipients. AB - As an initial attempt to gain a better understanding of the basis for the increased incidence of ultraviolet-light-related skin cancer in chronically immunosuppressed human renal allograft recipients, we have compared both morphological and functional characteristics of epidermal Langerhans cell (LC) populations present in the forearm skin of nine such patients with those of age, sex, and race-matched controls. The LC surface densities in vacuum-induced blister-derived epidermal sheets taken simultaneously from extensor and flexor forearm skin of the patients were significantly lower than those observed in the controls. The most abnormal LC densities seen were in the patients' extensor forearm skin. Likewise there were disturbances in LC distribution and morphology that were most marked in the extensor forearm skin of patients. Differences in the alloantigen-presenting capacity of LCs present in epidermal cell suspensions prepared from patient and control forearm skin were also noted--however, these differences were not as great as were the LC density differences. The alloantigen presenting capacity of patients' LCs was depressed proportionately more than was the alloantigen presenting capacity of their peripheral blood mononuclear cells. These results demonstrate that the LC population is clearly perturbed in human renal allograft recipients and that this perturbation is greatest in a sun exposed region of skin. PMID- 6229917 TI - Improved allograft survival using highly enriched populations of rat islets. AB - A method is described for the purification of islets before the cells are placed in tissue culture, thus permitting the transplantation of islets cultured for three days against major histocompatibility barriers without adjuvant immunosuppression. Mixed lymphocyte culture reactions were carried out with three rat strain combinations and the in vitro responses were correlated with the in vivo survival of islet allografts. These results showed that islet allograft acceptance is independent of the degree of histoincompatibility between different rat strains. PMID- 6229918 TI - In vitro stimulation of lymphocytes by vascular endothelial cells. A study with canine arterial and venous endothelial cells. AB - Data are presented on the ability of arterial and venous endothelial cells to stimulate allogeneic leukocytes. Mixed cultures of allogeneic endothelium and lymphocytes result in proliferation of lymphocytes and generation of cell mediated cytotoxicity, which do not occur in cultures of syngeneic combinations of endothelium and lymphocytes. Studies of kinetics showed a peak in proliferation at days 6-7. The optimal responder-stimulator ratio appeared to be 15:1. Lymphocytes stimulated with venous endothelial cells were cytotoxic both for arterial and for venous endothelial cells and PHA blasts of the stimulator dog, whereas lymphocytes stimulated with arterial endothelial cells lysed only arterial endothelial cells and PHA blasts of the stimulator. Lysis of syngeneic or third-party allogeneic control targets was virtually absent. Optimal conditions for long-term culture of effector cells from mixed leukocyte endothelial cell cultures were analyzed. Addition of Il 2 every 3 days and the original stimulating antigen every 6 days permitted continuous proliferation of these cytotoxic lymphocytes with preservation of the cytotoxicity pattern. PMID- 6229919 TI - Specific LIF production in laryngeal cancer patients: evidence of suppressor activity exerted by adherent cells. AB - The specific tumor-induced LIF production in 30 laryngeal cancer patients has been investigated before and after the removal of adherent cells to evaluate the existence of a suppressor activity. LIF production, after challenging lymphocytes with 3 M KCI autologous tumor extracts, was significant in 16 patients and showed a further significant increase after removal of adherent cells. A conversion to significance when the adherent cells were removed was shown in 6 patients, with no previous significant LIF production. These data suggest the existence of a suppressor activity exerted by adherent cells on LIF production in laryngeal cancer patients. PMID- 6229920 TI - 5-Fluorouracil, adriamycin and cyclophosphamide combined with high-dose medroxyprogesterone acetate in advanced breast cancer. AB - Seventy-six patients with metastatic breast cancer were treated with fluorouracil, adriamycin (doxorubicin) and cyclophosphamide (FAC) plus high-dose medroxyprogesterone acetate (HD-MPA). MPA was given for 21 days at the dose of 500 mg/day i.m., then on a randomized basis, either 500 mg/week i.m. (FAC+HD-MPA i.m.) or 300 mg/day p.o. (FAC+HD-MPA p.o.). Objective response rates were 79% in 39 patients on FAC+HD-MPA i.m. and 73% in the 37 patients on FAC+HD-MPA p.o. There was no significant difference in the median duration of response and median survival for the 2 regimens (respectively, 17 months and 22 months, and 15 months and 21 months for FAC+HD-MPA i.m. and FAC+HD-MPA p.o.). Toxicity was mild and similar in both groups. Although FAC+HD-MPA was highly effective, at present it is difficult to select which regimen provides the best initial treatment for metastatic breast cancer. PMID- 6229922 TI - [Recipients of home-help in the community of Rodovre]. PMID- 6229921 TI - [Laparoscopic sterilization during the puerperium employing electrocoagulation. A retrospective study of 76 women]. PMID- 6229923 TI - Oestrogenic metabolites of Fusaria. PMID- 6229924 TI - Resorcylic acid lactone as an anabolic agent in cattle. PMID- 6229925 TI - [Analytical epidemiology of osteogenic sarcoma in the Armenian SSR]. AB - Morbidity rates for osteogenic sarcoma in the Armenian SSR within 10 years (1970 1979) were studied. The climatic, geographic and geochemical peculiarities of low and high morbidity rate regions of the Republic were compared. The rates were high in areas where the soil is rich in boron and poor in silicon, cobalt and zinc and where, as a rule, calcium level in irrigating and drinking water is high. PMID- 6229926 TI - [Organization of research on malignant neoplasms in the RSFSR]. PMID- 6229928 TI - Chorea as a clinical sign: is it Huntington's disease? PMID- 6229927 TI - [Ultrasound tomography in the topical diagnosis and evaluation of results in the treatment of patients with stage III and IV ovarian cancer]. AB - The paper describes an experience with ultrasonic tomography of the abdominal cavity and small pelvis in 34 cases of stage III and IV ovarian cancer who received polychemotherapy. In application of the said procedure, the topography and size of primary and disseminated tumors were ascertained and the immediate effect of medication assessed. The results of ultrasonic tomography were analysed in combination with other methods of research. PMID- 6229929 TI - Huntington's patients. PMID- 6229931 TI - [External erythromycin therapy of acne]. AB - 24 patients suffering from papulo-pustular acne were treated with mono-therapy with 2% erythromycin-containing alcoholic solution for eight weeks. Pustular lesions responded promptly, followed by inflammatory papules. Microbiological investigations revealed a lack of propionibacteria as well as reduction of pathogenic staphylococci. Patients after extended local erythromycin treatment did not show any erythromycin serum levels. PMID- 6229932 TI - Improved ischemic tolerance during percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty by intracoronary injection of nitroglycerin. AB - Intracoronary injection of nitroglycerin increases ischemic tolerance in 70% of patients with unstable angina during PTCA, thus delaying development of angina pectoris and/or ventricular arrhythmias. Intracoronary injection of nitroglycerin thus seems to be a suitable way of prolonging dilation time in PTCA, an important factor of success rate. Combination with calcium-antagonists may be more effective than injection of nitroglycerin alone. PMID- 6229930 TI - [Skin lipids in 13-cis-retinoic acid therapy of acne]. AB - The study presents clinical data and results of skin sebum (SER) determinations during 13-cis-retinoic acid treatment in 15 patients suffering from severe conglobate and cystic acne. The striking clinical improvement was mostly accompanied by decreased SER as well as changes in the composition of the skin surface lipids. While the sebaceous gland lipids were generally reduced, the epidermal lipids showed irregular tendencies. Despite of good therapy effects, 3 patients showed increased SER. This indicates that other mechanisms than those of sebum suppression may be responsible for the treatment success. Sebum suppression and modulation are important and valuable aspects for documentation as well as for elucidation of the working mechanism of 13-cis-retinoic acid. PMID- 6229933 TI - [Panmyelophthisis and other bone marrow disorders]. PMID- 6229934 TI - [Late results of conservative therapy of arterial occlusive diseases]. PMID- 6229935 TI - [Etiology, diagnosis and the prospects for vaccinal prevention hepatitis B]. PMID- 6229936 TI - [Chronic handicaps and social integration in the aged. Results from the Somipops health survey]. AB - Findings of the first Swiss health Survey Somipops are presented. The percentage of long-term disability as well as the number of disabilities per person increases with age. On the other hand social activities decrease with age. For persons aged 65-84 with long-term disability these tendencies are stronger than for those without disability. PMID- 6229937 TI - The influence of chrysotherapy on T-lymphocyte subpopulations in rheumatoid arthritis. AB - We studied the influence of chrysotherapy on lymphocytes, B-cells, T-cells, and T lymphocyte subpopulations in 9 rheumatoid-factor-positive female patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). After chrysotherapy, the white blood cell count decreased within 1 month; the percentage of lymphocytes, T-cells, and B-cells did not change significantly, nor did the proportion of helper cells as determined by reactivity with monoclonal antibody OKT4. In contrast, the percentage of suppressor T-cells reactive with OKT8 was significantly decreased (p less than 0.05) after 6 months. As a consequence, the helper/suppressor ratio, which was significantly higher than in age- and sex-matched controls (p less than 0.02), showed an even more pronounced deviation from normal values than before therapy. The implications of these findings in regard to a possible immunological mechanism of action of gold and the significance of the disturbance of the "immunoregulatory balance" between helper and suppressor mechanisms for the pathogenesis of RA are discussed. PMID- 6229938 TI - [In vivo study of the distribution, affinity for cartilage and metabolism of glycosaminoglycan polysulphate (GAGPS, Arteparon)]. AB - 37 patients suffering from osteoarthritis and 10 arthritic patients received intramuscular (i.m.), partly also intraarticular (i.ac.) injections of GAGPS; whereupon pharmacokinetics in serum, synovial fluid, urine, and cartilage were investigated. Cartilage was obtained during endoprosthetic hip surgery. The concentrations were determined by radiochemistry, partly after gel chromatography and electrophoresis respectively. Serum levels in patients with osteoarthritis after i.m. administration of 50 mg were 0.55 microgram/ml 3 hrs later, and 0.11 microgram/ml 24 hrs later. Patients with arthritis showed similar serum levels which were slightly higher after i.ac. injection, and which rose proportionally when the dosage was increased to 125 mg. With the arthritic patients, also the concentrations in the synovium were comparable, in the cases with osteoarthritis concentrations were slightly higher, which in both cases suggests that the synovial membrane is promptly penetrated. However, the concentrations in cartilage following a dosage of 50 mg within 24 hours rose as high as 1.45 micrograms/g which corresponds roughly to three times the serum level 3 hours after application. According to biochemical data, injections of 1 to 2 micrograms/ml should yield chondroprotective effects. Hitherto therapy has relied mainly on i.ac. injections; it may now be expanded by the i.m. route of administration. GAGPS was bound to serum proteins, in the synovia, however, it was found unbound. The main portion of the compound excreted via urine within 12 hrs (30 to 40 percent) was mainly unaltered; later, a partial degradation of the chain length and of the degree of sulfation was observed. Animal experiments on rats showed an increased affinity of GAGPS to inflamed tissues (Freund's adjuvant, carageenan edema). PMID- 6229939 TI - [Uroflow index--a formula for simplifying examination and the comparison of uroflow measurement curves in practice]. AB - It has long been known that in uroflowmetry the maximum and mean flow depend on the volume. A report is given on the development of a formula by means of which all parameters relevant for the evaluation of a uroflow, with the exception of flow increase time, are reduced to a single figure, the uroflow index, which also, by virtue of volume correction, allows two flow graphs with different volumes of miction to be immediately compared and makes a classification into normal, borderline (i.e. requiring observation) and clearly pathological cases. PMID- 6229941 TI - [Animal experiment studies and oral plaque pH measurements on the cariogenicity of invert sugar in drinks]. PMID- 6229942 TI - [Evaluation of the clinical signs of inflammation in gingivitis as an early symptom]. PMID- 6229940 TI - [Remineralization of acid-etched dental enamel--a methodological comparison of in vitro simulation on bovine enamel]. PMID- 6229943 TI - [Adhesive properties of dental alloys after microbial surface coating]. PMID- 6229944 TI - [Occupational hygiene risk in the preparation of irreversible hydrocolloids (lead dust-"dust-free" alginate)]. PMID- 6229945 TI - [Relationship between the mandibular rotation pattern and the position of the upper (6th-year molar (a teleradiographic longitudinal study of Angle class II cases)]. PMID- 6229946 TI - [Relation between the Lactobacillus and Candida counts of the saliva and caries]. PMID- 6229947 TI - [Yeasts fungi in gangrenous root canals]. PMID- 6229948 TI - [Are tetracyclines bound in the dental hard tissue and bones antimicrobially effective?]. PMID- 6229949 TI - [Mineralization and growth of the incisors and molars of laboratory mammals]. PMID- 6229950 TI - [Results of the cryosurgical treatment of benign vascular tumors in the maxillofacial area]. PMID- 6229951 TI - [Does dentistry have a philosophy?]. PMID- 6229952 TI - [Psychological and therapeutic aspects of children's and adolescent's dentistry]. PMID- 6229953 TI - [Lymphocyte helper function in intact mice in relation to macrophage phagocytic activity]. AB - The results of the studies aimed at the determination of the presence of lymphocytes, influencing the phagocytic activity of macrophages, among the cells of the peritoneal cavity, the spleen and the thymus in intact CBA mice are presented. Macrophages cultivated together with the nonadhering cells of peritoneal exudate were found to possess greater phagocytic activity in comparison with macrophages free of nonadhering cells. The nonadhering cells and splenocytes were also found to possess helper activity with respect to the phagocytic activity of macrophages: their addition to washed out macrophages increased the phagocytic index. Thymocytes showed no such activity. PMID- 6229954 TI - [Listeriosis in Norwegian lemmings (Lemmus lemmus L.)]. PMID- 6229956 TI - Prof. Dr. Ambrus Abraham. PMID- 6229955 TI - [Circadian rhythm of catecholamine excretion, effect of L-DOPA and Nacom in various diseases of the nervous system]. AB - The activity of the sympathoadrenal system (SAS) was studied in 132 patients with central nervous system diseases such as parkinsonism, deforming muscular dystonia (DMD), Huntington's chorea, myopathy and asthenic neurosis. The estimation was based on determinations of urine catecholamine (CA) excretion with the help of the fluorometric method developed by E. Sh. Matlina et. al. (1965). The control group included 50 healthy subjects. The findings obtained confirmed the reported data concerning the role of CA in the pathogenesis of the studied forms of nervous pathology. The study showed a decrease in dopamine excretion (DA) in parkinsonism, its increase in Huntington's chorea and DMD, and insufficiency of SAS activity in myopathy. Furthermore, additional criteria pointing to alterations in the diurnal SAS activity in the patients were revealed. These changes manifested themselves in the disruption of the diurnal rhythm of CA excretion as well as in the deficiency of DOPA and DA synthesis and deposition following a single dose of L-DOPA and nacome. PMID- 6229957 TI - The functional morphology of chromaffin cells. AB - Based on classical and up-to-date literature, the most important morphological and histochemical characteristics of chromaffin cells are summarized. Chromaffinoblasts begin to migrate into the cortex of the adrenal in the second month of the human embryo. In adults, the polygonal cells of the medulla appear as rounded islands as well as shorter or longer cords beside sinusoidal vessels. A high variety in form of chromaffin granules was registered in the human adreno medullary cells but author stressed that the fixation process itself can influence the shape of secretory granules. A well-developed Golgi apparatus, abundant rough-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum, a large number of mitochondria and lipofuscin pigments can be seen in the chromaffin cells. These organelles participate actively in the genesis and ultimate fate of chromaffin granules. Although exocytosis seems to be the most probable hormone-liberation process in the hamster adrenal medulla, the general validity of this process has not convincingly been proved in other species of vertebrates. The physiological effects of adreno-medullary hormones and the innervation of the gland are thoroughly discussed. PMID- 6229958 TI - Formation of new synaptic contacts by Purkinje axon collaterals in the granular layer of deafferented cerebellar cortex of adult rat. AB - In addition to (i) mossy terminals, (ii) Golgi axons, (iii) granule cell dendrites and (iv), occasionally, Golgi cell dendrites, a third axonal profile identified by morphological criteria as the collateral of Purkinje axons, has been found in 2% of all cerebellar glomeruli. These infrequent components of a few glomeruli, however, were never seen in normal cerebellar cortex to establish specialized synaptic contact with glomerular dendrites. Two to four weeks after surgical isolation of the cerebellar cortex, i.e. following the destruction of both efferent and afferent fibres, the number of glomeruli containing (hypertrophic) axonal branches of Purkinje cells has increased to 13% of all surveyed glomeruli. In addition, the Purkinje axon terminals in the mossy fibre deprived glomeruli were observed to establish numerous Gray II-type synaptic contacts with surrounding granule cell dendrites. It is suggested that the development of heterologous synapses between hypertrophic, or even intact, Purkinje axon collaterals on the one hand and the mossy fibre-vacated granule cell dendrites on the other, is a compensatory, reactive process to the synaptic "desaturation" of granule neurons, which demonstrate a dormant potential of Purkinje cells to form new synaptic contacts in the adult cerebellum. PMID- 6229959 TI - Axonal sprouts of the hypoglossal nerve implanted in the superior cervical ganglion of adult rats establish synaptic contacts under long-lasting GABA effect. An experimental degeneration study. AB - Experimental degeneration was used in this study to determine if the hypoglossal nerve implanted already in the superior cervical ganglion of adult rat under GABA treatment has established morphologically-identifiable synapses with the dendrites of principal ganglion cells. The implanted hypoglossal nerve trunk was cut in a re-operation, and the ganglionic samples were studied by electron microscopy after 0, 6, 12, 24 and 48 h survival times. First signs of degenerative changes were found in the myelinated and non-myelinated axons alike, 6 h after axotomy. The fine-structural signs of degeneration resembled those of the preganglionic nerve fibres. Degenerating nerve terminals establishing synaptic contacts with the dendrites of the principal ganglion cells were also seen, indicating that the axonal sprouts of the implanted hypoglossal nerve established synaptic contacts with the ganglion cells. It remained, however, to be elucidated whether or not these synapses of the hypoglossal nerve are functionally active contacts while the preganglionic innervation is also present within the ganglion. PMID- 6229960 TI - Contemporary state of the doctrine about the constitution and our experience in the somatotypology of man. PMID- 6229961 TI - Retinal projections of the pigmented guinea pig. AB - Using 3H-proline autoradiography we found in the pigmented guinea pig that retinal fibres terminated bilaterally in the suprachiasmatic, lateral geniculate, some pretectal nuclei and in the superior colliculi. The medial, lateral and dorsal terminal nuclei of the accessory optic system appeared to receive only contralateral retinal fibres. The retinal projections of the guinea pig follow the general plan recognized in the visual system of rodents demonstrated by modern tract-tracing techniques. PMID- 6229962 TI - Early synaptogenesis in the spinal cord of human embryos. AB - Synaptogenesis in the spinal cord was studied by electron microscopy in human embryos ranging from four to six weeks of intrauterine life. The first synapses were found in the motor nucleus of 6-mm human embryos. A hypothesis is suggested about the role of these early synapses in neuronal development. PMID- 6229964 TI - Testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, androstenedione and dehydroepiandrosterone concentrations in placentae, ovaries and plasma of the rat in late pregnancy. AB - Testosterone (T), dihydrotestosterone (DHT), androstenedione (delta 4) and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHA) were measured by radioimmunoassay in peripheral plasma, uterine vein plasma, ovary and placentae within the last 3-4 days of pregnancy in Sprague-Dawley rats. In the uterine vein, T and delta 4 levels were significantly higher than those reported in the peripheral plasma at any particular day of late pregnancy. In peripheral plasma as in uterine vein plasma delta 4 and T gradually decreased from day 20 to term (-63% for delta 4 and approximately -45% for T) whereas DHT concentrations were unchanged. This decline is concomitant with a similar pattern of change in the placentae; indeed placental concentrations of delta 4 and T decreased significantly from day 19 to 22 (-63 and -79%, respectively) and were positively correlated with the levels of both androgens in uterine venous and peripheral plasma. Thus it was concluded that in the late phase of pregnancy in the rat circulating delta 4 and T originate from placentae. In contrast, ovarian androgen concentrations showed a sharp increase from day 21 to term: 58% for DHA, 49% for delta 4, 87% for T and 24% for DHT. It is suggested that these increasing concentrations of ovarian androgens could be related to the next ovulatory cycle. PMID- 6229963 TI - Function-dependent glycine incorporation into neurons of the cat motor cortex. AB - Filter papers soaked with 3H-2-glycine solution were applied to the motor cortex of chloralosed and nembutalized cats for one hour. Then underlying cortical samples were excised, fixed in Bouin solution and processed for light-microscopic autoradiography. Sections stained with haematoxylin-eosin were made to determine total cell counts. The cortical samples were sectioned in series so that 10 micron sections at every 50 micron were preserved. From resting and stimulated cortices 10 sections were used for counting pyramidal cells and interneurons in different layers. The electric background activity and the potentials evoked by thalamic VL and antidromic PT stimulation were recorded and averaged. In chloralose anaesthesia, only 7%, while under nembutal 22% of the cells incorporated glycine, on the average. VL stimulation, which induced the appearance of typical evoked potentials, enhanced the glycine incorporation of pyramidal cells in layers II-III and Vb and some activation in the interneurons of layer II was also seen. Antidromic PT stimulation did not change the autoradiographic pattern in chloralosed preparations, while in nembutalized cats it depressed the labelling of pyramidal cells in layers II, III and Va drastically with some enhancement in interneurons of layer II. The changes of autoradiographic patterns are in harmony with theories about cortical effects of VL and antidromic PT stimulation. PMID- 6229965 TI - In vitro lymphocyte recognition of islet cells following in vivo priming with allogeneic murine pancreatic islets. AB - Lymphocytes from patients with insulin-dependent diabetes have been shown to be sensitized to pancreatic tissue antigens. Mice immunized with homologous pancreatic islets have been found to develop glucose intolerance and insulitis. Since lymphocytes may be involved in diabetogenesis, we wished to determine if lymph node cells from islet-immunized mice can recognize and respond to islet cells in vitro. A.TL female mice were immunized with an emulsion of BALB/c islet homogenate and complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA); sham-treated A.TL mice were injected with adjuvant and water. Mice were sacrificed 7-8 days later and the draining lymph nodes were removed. The lymph node cells were co-cultured with freshly prepared irradiated BALB/c islet cell, which served as stimulator cells. The co-cultures were incubated for 24-26 h at 37 degrees C, followed by a 16 h [3H]thymidine (TdR) pulse. A significant proliferation of lymph node cells from islet-primed mice was induced during the in vitro stimulation with irradiated islet cells when compared with lymph node cells from sham-treated mice (P less than 0.001). The response may be islet-cell-specific, since irradiated lymph node cells from BALB/c mice failed to elicit a proliferative response under the same culture conditions (P greater than 0.80). PMID- 6229966 TI - Prolactin secretion in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCO): correlation with the steroid pattern. AB - To evaluate the prevalence of hyperprolactinaemia in PCO patients and its possible correlation with a steroid pattern, we studied prolactin secretion (basal and after TRH stimulation) in 40 women affected by typical PCO. LH, FSH, testosterone, oestradiol, oestrone, DHEA-s and 17-OHP serum levels were also evaluated. Twenty-one patients had prolactin (Prl) values in the normal range both in baseline conditions and after TRH stimulation; 10 patients had normal basal values of Prl but an exaggerated response to TRH stimulation; 9 patients had high Prl basal values and an exaggerated response to TRH. The presence of hyperprolactinaemia was associated with increased serum levels of oestrone (P less than 0.01), DHEA-s (P less than 0.01) and 17-OHP (P less than 0.05). In conclusion, hyperprolactinaemia is as relatively frequent condition which affects almost half the patients suffering from PCO and is probably related to an increase of serum oestrogens, mostly oestrone. Moreover, in patients with PCO and hyperprolactinaemia, the production of some other steroids is also affected. PMID- 6229967 TI - The effect of D-Trp6-LRH upon secretion of gonadotrophin--a possible therapeutic application in anorexia nervosa. AB - The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the agonistic LRH analogue (D Trp6-LRH) on LH, FSH and prolactin secretion, and its possible efficacy in female patients with anorexia nervosa. The study included 18 female patients with anorexia nervosa and 7 healthy women in the same age group. The patients with anorexia nervosa were divided into two groups of 9 women each. The first group consisted of patients in the weight loss phase of the disorder and the second of 9 women who had achieved normal body weight. Additionally, in 6 women with anorexia nervosa serum LH concentration was determined in response to native LRH before and 14 days after the treatment with D-Trp6-LRH. Serum LH, FSH, prolactin concentrations were determined before and 5, 10, 24 and 48 h after administration of D-Trp6-LRH in a dose of 5 micrograms. The serum LH response to D-Trp6-LRH in the second group did not differ from that of the control group. However, in women with anorexia nervosa in the weight loss phase, LH release in response to administration of the analogue was significantly lower. FSH release after LRH analogue administration in both groups of patients with anorexia nervosa did not differ from that in the control group. The increased LH secretion in response to native LRH after treatment indicates that D-Trp6-LRH in low doses did not inhibit pituitary responsiveness. A dose of 5 micrograms of D-Trp6-LRH was administered in a therapeutic regimen every 48 h from 1 to 3 months to 7 of 9 patients with anorexia nervosa who exhibited amenorrhoea in spite of normalization of body weight.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6229968 TI - Altered balance of immunoregulatory T lymphocyte subsets in autoimmune thyroid diseases. AB - Three monoclonal antibodies recognizing cell surface antigens of total peripheral (OKT3), helper/inducer (OKT4) and suppressor/cytotoxic (OKT8) T lymphocytes were used by an indirect immunofluorescence technique to enumerate peripheral T lymphocytes in 25 patients with Graves' disease (including 4 euthyroid Graves' patients), 16 patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis and 22 normal controls. Total lymphocyte count and percentages of overall T and helper/inducer T cells among peripheral lymphocytes in these conditions showed no significant difference from those of the controls. Percentage of suppressor/cytotoxic T cells, however, was decreased in Graves' disease patients with or without hyperthyroidism. The ratio of helper/inducer T cells to suppressor/cytotoxic T cells was increased in Graves' disease population and slightly increased in hypothyroid Hashimoto's thyroiditis patients. The ratio correlated with the mitogenic response of peripheral mononuclear cells to phytohaemagglutinin, but not with the serum levels of thyroid hormones nor with the titres of thyroid autoantibodies. These findings are in accordance with the results of previous functional studies and indicate possible defects in suppressor T lymphocytes in autoimmune thyroid disease. PMID- 6229969 TI - Description of an EEG pattern evoked in central--parietal areas by the Hathayogic exercise Agnisara. AB - Agnisara is a Hathayogic exercise consisting essentially in alternate, forceful retractions and protrusions of the abdominal wall, performed along a 20-30 s period of apnoea. In the course of series of Agnisars spindle bursts of a "wicket" EEG wave pattern developed over the para-Rolandic areas of the cerebral cortex, at frequencies around 12-13 Hz, with waxing and waning amplitudes in the range of 50 to 100 microV. These spindle-bursts, which occurred preferably during the phase of retraction of the abdominal wall, were named "Xi" rhythm (after the Greek letter X). It is the same as the one that regularly accompanies the performance on various other Hathayogic exercises. Xi spindles were recorded in linked earlobe reference derivations from areas located bilaterally midway between F-C, C-P, and P-O standard electrode positions of the 10-20 system. This EEG pattern would be considered as the expression of the central excitation, produced by the exercise's long-lasting and repeated stimulation of visceral, and somatic receptors. Thus, this activation affects mainly cortical structures with somato-visceral representation. PMID- 6229970 TI - [Afferent innervation of musculus sphincter ani externus of men]. AB - Investigations of the existence and distribution of muscle spindles and tendon organs in the human voluntary anal sphincter muscle in 53 cases of autopsy material from both female and male persons (age: 27th week of gestation to 81 years) brought forward the following results: Similar to animals, muscle spindles are formed in the last trimenon of gestation. They are more numerous as has been expected hitherto and there are different types with a different content of intrafusal fibers. Lamellar corpuscular organs are situated around the ending of the muscle fibers in the anal skin. In our opinion they are to substitute muscle tendon organs which could not be detected. PMID- 6229972 TI - Lack of correlation between contraceptive pills and Down's syndrome. AB - A case-control study has been made on the use of oral contraceptives before pregnancy and the birth of an infant with Down's syndrome. Controls were matched for age and parity and selected from the Medical Birth Register. Information on Pill usage was obtained from the Swedish standardized maternity health record which contains dates for when the women stopped using the Pill and for last menstrual period. There was no indication of any relation between the use of oral contraceptives and Down's syndrome. PMID- 6229971 TI - Placental transfer of aromatic amino acids in non-human primates. AB - Macaca fascicularis (crab-eating monkeys) underwent an operative procedure at 120 to 130 days of pregnancy that allowed fetal blood sampling. During subsequent experiments L-phenylalanine and p-chlorophenylalanine were injected into the maternal circulation. Blood obtained from mother and fetus revealed that phenylalanine is actively transported across the placenta and hence is markedly increased in the fetus if the maternal blood phenylalanine concentration is below the "saturation" level of 1.82 mM to 2.12 mM. The results of these studies which provide a better understanding of placental transport mechanisms of aromatic amino acids will be of assistance in future management of pregnant phenylketonuric females. PMID- 6229973 TI - Peripheral hormone levels and the endometrial condition in postmenopausal women. AB - Thirteen postmenopausal women with benign endometrial changes including proliferative, secretory and polypous endometrium, endometrial hyperplasia and atypia (group I) and 13 randomly selected age-matched controls with normal atrophic endometrium (group II) were studied with respect to serum levels of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHA) and its sulfate (DHAS), testosterone, total estrone, estradiol-17 beta, progesterone, FSH and prolactin. Serum levels of DHA, DHAS, testosterone and total estrone were significantly higher in group I than in group II; otherwise no significant differences were found. Mean values for body weight and for Broca's index, respectively, were almost identical in the two groups. It is speculated that the adrenal androgens may affect the endometrium in two ways, viz. via peripheral conversion to estrogens and/or via direct interaction with endometrial steroid receptors. The results give further support to the hypothesis of an association between adrenocortical hyperactivity and endometrial abnormalities including endometrial carcinoma. PMID- 6229974 TI - Studies on the suppression of lymphocyte proliferation by concanavalin-A activated mononuclear cells in normal individuals. PMID- 6229975 TI - Changes in heart size during long-term timolol treatment after myocardial infarction. AB - The effect of long-term timolol treatment on heart size after myocardial infarction was evaluated by X-ray in a double-blind study including 241 patients (placebo 126, timolol 115). The follow-up period was 12 months. The timolol treated patients showed a small but significant increase in heart size from baseline in contrast to a decrease in the placebo group. These differences may be caused by timolol-induced bradycardia and a compensatory increase in end diastolic volume. The timolol-related increase in heart size was observed only in patients with normal and borderline heart size. In patients with cardiomegaly, the increase in heart size was similar in both groups. After re-infarction, heart size increased in the placebo group and remained unchanged in the timolol group. PMID- 6229976 TI - A re-conceptualization of Erikson's identity stage. AB - This brief theoretical paper argues that Erikson's concept of identity was originally proposed as something constructed to a significant degree by the individual, i.e., an Instrumental Identity. With the decline in instrumentality in a consumer/service-oriented society, Erikson's original concept fits less well. A new conceptualization of identity, that of Existential Identity, is proposed. Thus, the earlier issue of success versus failure at achieving an Instrumental Identity has begun to give way to a new dimension--of being either a victim or a beneficiary in seeking an Existential Identity. Alternatively, the stage of "adolescence" can be viewed as a stage of seeking Instrumental Identity, and Keniston's new stage of "youth" as the locus of the new Existential Identity. PMID- 6229977 TI - Factors contributing to platelet hyperactivity in diabetes mellitus. PMID- 6229978 TI - Methods for the detection of activated platelets. PMID- 6229979 TI - The thrombogenic risk in chronic respiratory failure. PMID- 6229980 TI - Parkinson's disease and benign essential tremor: somatostatin-like immunoreactivity in the cerebrospinal fluid. PMID- 6229981 TI - Digital subtraction angiography in interventional radiology. AB - Intraarterial digital subtraction angiography (DSA) was used an an adjunct to interventional vascular procedures (embolotherapy and transluminal angioplasty) in 56 patients. The advantages of intraarterial DSA include improved contrast resolution, instantaneous subtraction capability, and immediate image availability. A considerable reduction in contrast dose and concentration, procedure time, and patient discomfort can be expected when interventional vascular procedures are performed with the assistance of intraarterial DSA. PMID- 6229982 TI - Radiographic manifestations of aluminum-induced bone disease. PMID- 6229983 TI - Improved balloon catheters for large-vessel and valvular angioplasty. PMID- 6229984 TI - Innominate artery angioplasty. PMID- 6229985 TI - [Methodological error in clinical lysozyme determinations]. AB - In 152 sera and 40 synovial fluids of 192 patients from 3 different diagnostic groups the level of muramidase was studied comparatively with the lysoplate method. Despite the similar correlations of mean values and standard deviations of the results in the single groups, en detail these are significantly different. With an increasing mean value of 1 U (mg/l) the standard deviation is elevated by 0.1-0.25 U, for an elevation of s by 1 U mean varied between 3.8 and 9.7 U. This might be of interest for the clinical interpretation esp. of low muramidase values. PMID- 6229986 TI - Lymphocyte subpopulations in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of Balb/c-mice defined by monoclonal antibodies. AB - The percentage of lymphocyte subpopulations from the bronchoalveolar space of Balb/c-mice expressing B-(Ia), and T-(Thy 1.2, Lyt 1.2 and Lyt 2.2) cell markers was determined using monoclonal antibodies and complement in the direct cytotoxic test. The cells were obtained by lung lavage from unstimulated animals. Only 6% of total cell yield (1.1 +/- 0.8 X 10(5) cells/mouse) showed no adherence and were separated by density centrifugation. The majority (95%) of these cells were esterase-negative lymphocytes. The mice had a higher percentage of B cells (51%) and suppressor cells (14%) and a lower percentage of total T cells (45%) and helper cells (28%) in lavage fluid of lungs than in the blood. PMID- 6229988 TI - Antibodies against influenza and stimulated macrophages in the lung lavage fluid of mice following oral immunization. AB - Since oral immunization against influenza might be much more convenient than the aerosol or intranasal route, this study was undertaken to compare various routes of immunization with respect to the antibody response and protection. Mice were either not immunized, immunized intranasally, orally, or rectally. - As compared to the control group, statistically significantly more animals in all of the immunization groups developed antibody in the bronchial washings and showed stimulated alveolar macrophages with the largest percent developing antibody and stimulated cells in the nasally immunized group. However, the difference between the three vaccine groups was not statistically significant. - Following challenge with live virus there was a significant rise in lung lavage cells only in the unimmunized, challenged control group. There was no significant rise in the immunized group. - These results suggest that while the respiratory route of immunization may lead to slightly better local antibody production and protection, the oral route is a promising method, and should be tried in humans. PMID- 6229987 TI - [The effect of conditioning inhaled air in exercise-induced asthma]. AB - The effect of conditioning of the inhaled air on exercise-induced bronchospasm was studied in adult asthmatic patients. In case of inhaling humified air of body temperature, the lung function parameters showed hardly any change after exercise compared to those detected before the test, i.e. the bronchoconstrictive effect of physical exertion could not or hardly be observed. PMID- 6229989 TI - [Slide test for immunofluorescent microscopy and immunoenzyme detection of cell membrane antigens]. AB - Poly-dimethyl-diallyl-ammoniumchloride - coated glass slides cause a strong adherence of living cells in consequence of electrostatic interactions. Immunological reactions of adherent cells - we used immunofluorescence and immunoperoxidase techniques to demonstrate membrane antigens - are not impaired. The slide test is suitable for routine quantitation of B and T cells in the peripheral blood and for the selection of hybridoma antibodies against cellular antigens. The slide test is time saving and needs minimal volumes of cells and antisera. PMID- 6229990 TI - Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections of the skin. AB - Otitis externa, green nail syndrome, toe web infections, hot tub folliculitis, superinfections in chronic antibiotic-treated acne and infectious eczematoid dermatitis are examples of mild cutaneous infections due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa. These may occur in otherwise healthy persons. In persons with lowered resistance, more severe infections such as malignant otitis externa, blastomycosis-like pyoderma and necrotizing fasciitis are observed. Ecthyma gangrenosum, the pathognomonic skin sign of Pseudomonas septicemia, occurs in debilitated or terminally ill patients and must be treated immediately. PMID- 6229991 TI - Defect in the adrenergic receptor-adenylate cyclase system during development of catecholamine-induced cardiomyopathy. AB - We have investigated alterations in adrenergic receptors and adenylate cyclase activity in cardiac membranes from rats injected with 40 mg/kg intraperitoneal isoproterenol. Reduction in the number of beta-adrenergic and alpha-adrenergic receptors, as assessed by changes in specific binding of 3H-dihydroalprenolol (DHA) and 3H-dihydroergocryptine (DHE), was observed only at 9 and 24 hours after isoproterenol injection, respectively. On the other hand, epinephrine-stimulated, NaF-stimulated, and Gpp (NH)p-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity was decreased as early as 3 hours after isoproterenol treatment without changes in the basal adenylate cyclase activity. These results demonstrate a defect in the adrenergic receptor-adenylate cyclase system during the development of catecholamine-induced cardiomyopathy and may partly explain the attenuated inotropic adrenergic response of the heart under stressful situations. PMID- 6229992 TI - Significance of chest pain during percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. PMID- 6229993 TI - Use of computerized tomography to assess myocardial infarct size and ventricular function in dogs during acute coronary occlusion and reperfusion. AB - Prospectively ECG-gated and nongated computed tomography (CT) can be used to assess global and regional left ventricular (LV) function and to measure myocardial infarct (MI) size. In the current study, CT was used to assess the effects of coronary occlusion and reperfusion in 16 dogs. Ten dogs were subjected to permanent occlusion of the proximal left anterior descending coronary artery and 6 dogs were reperfused after a 2-hour period of total coronary occlusion. Gated scans were used to quantitate the extent of wall thickening in the ischemic zone and to assess changes in mid-LV cross-sectional chamber area at end-diastole and end-systole. Nongated scans were used to estimate the size of the initial perfusion defect during contrast injection shortly after coronary occlusion and the size of the MI as indicated by delayed enhancement of the infarct 10 to 30 minutes after cessation of contrast administration. Neither group showed significant changes in end-diastolic chamber area during acute occlusion or 3 days later. Both groups showed a significant deterioration in percent change in chamber area both early after coronary occlusion and 3 days later; however, in the permanent occlusion group, percent wall thickening in the ischemic zone decreased from 46.2 +/- 16.5% (mean +/- standard deviation) to 1.6 +/- 9.0% during acute occlusion (p less than 0.01) and thickening remained depressed 3 days later (2.4 +/- 10.1%, p less than 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6229994 TI - Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty for stenosis of the ostium of the right coronary artery after irradiation for Hodgkin's disease. PMID- 6229995 TI - Balloon coarctation angioplasty in an adult. PMID- 6229996 TI - Successful recanalization of a left main coronary artery occlusion. PMID- 6229997 TI - Obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy associated with minimal left ventricular hypertrophy. PMID- 6229998 TI - Adult human valve dimensions and their surgical significance. AB - After cardiac valve replacement, some patients may show little improvement in functional status, in part because their prosthesis is restrictive. Guidelines were sought for valve replacement from measurements of valve circumference and calculated circularized orifice area in 160 postmortem hearts from adults with and without congestive cardiac failure. Multivariate analysis was used to relate valve area to age, sex, height, body surface area and cardiac failure. Only sex and cardiac failure were significantly related to valve area. Body surface area and other variables were poorly related to valve area. The mean (+/- standard deviation) circularized orifice area for adult male (M) and female (F) heart valves in the absence of cardiac failure were: Aortic, M 4.81 +/- 1.30, F 3.73 +/ 0.98; pulmonary, M 4.88 +/- 1.25, F 4.32 +/- 1.03; mitral, M 8.70 +/- 2.08, F 6.94 +/- 1.41; and tricuspid, M 11.9 +/- 2.72, F 9.33 +/- 2.02. In cardiac failure, atrioventricular valves enlarge (p less than 0.004). Guided by these dimensions, the surgeon can aim to insert a prosthesis of appropriate size. Comparison of these sizes with the manufacturer's calculated area for current prostheses shows that most mechanical valves and bioprostheses are potentially restrictive at rest. Improved prosthestic design, valve repair whenever possible, and anular enlargement procedures would be required to eliminate this size disparity. PMID- 6229999 TI - Chronobiology at the cellular and molecular levels: models and mechanisms for circadian timekeeping. AB - This review considers cellular chronobiology and examines, at least in a superficial way, several classes of models and mechanisms that have been proposed for circadian rhythmicity and some of the experimental approaches that have appeared to be most productive. After a brief discussion of temporal organization and the metabolic, epigenetic, and circadian time domains, the general properties of circadian rhythms are enumerated. A survey of independent oscillations in isolated organs, tissues, and cells is followed by a review of selected circadian rhythms in eukaryotic microorganisms, with particular emphasis placed on the rhythm of cell division in the algal flagellate Euglena as a model system illustrating temporal differentiation. In the ensuing section, experimental approaches to circadian clock mechanisms are considered. The dissection of the clock by the use of chemical inhibitors is illustrated for the rhythm of bioluminescence in the marine dinoflagellate Gonyaulax and for the rhythm of photosynthetic capacity in the unicellular green alga Acetabularia. Alternatively, genetic analysis of circadian oscillators is considered in the green alga Chlamydomonas and in the bread mold Neurospora, both of which have yielded clock mutants and mutants having biochemical lesions that exhibit altered clock properties. On the basis of the evidence generated by these experimental approaches, several classes of biochemical and molecular models for circadian clocks have been proposed. These include strictly molecular models, feedback loop (network) models, transcriptional (tape-reading) models, and membrane models; some of their key elements and predictions are discussed. Finally, a number of general unsolved problems at the cellular level are briefly mentioned: cell cycle interfaces, the evolution of circadian rhythmicity, the possibility of multiple cellular oscillators, chronopharmacology and chronotherapy, and cell-cycle clocks in development and aging. PMID- 6230000 TI - Quo vadis basic and clinical chronobiology: promise for health maintenance. AB - Chronobiology is the eminently interdisciplinary science of interactions in time among metabolic, hormonal, and neuronal networks. It involves anatomy, biochemistry, microbiology, physiology, and pharmacology, at the molecular, intracellular, intercellular, and still higher levels of organization. The compounds coordinating a time structure--proteins, steroids, and amino-acid derivatives--provide for the scheduling of interactions among membrane, cytoplasmic, and nuclear events in a network involving rhythmic enzyme reactions and other intracellular mechanisms. The integrated temporal features of the processes of induction, repression, transcription, and translation of gene expression remain to be mapped in relation to the available framework, consisting of the sequences of phospholipid and RNA labeling, DNA formation, and mitosis, to delineate a circadian cell cycle upon which further hormonal and neural coordination acts (Halberg et al., 1959a,b, 1979a). There is a need for communication over temporal as well as spatial distances among different specialized structures devoted, in individuals, to metabolism, growth, reproduction, and the ability to adjust, and, in species, to the capacity to adapt. For a better understanding at all levels of behavior in its broader sense of organization in time, chronobiology requires familiarity with temporal aspects of metabolism, hormones, and neurons. In other words, broadly trained, full-time "general practitioners" of a chronobiology in its own right are needed. PMID- 6230001 TI - Liver fatty acids and the sudden infant death syndrome. AB - Fatty acid analyses were performed on samples of liver from 325 human infants less than 1 yr old, 275 of whom had died of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), and 50 of other causes (non-SIDS). Data for fatty acid composition were analyzed in relation to cause of death, age of infant, liver biotin, liver metals, and other variables by a variety of statistical methods. There were significant differences in the levels of liver fatty acids between SIDS and non-SIDS infants in the age group 1 to 6 months, notably in that the fatty acids of the SIDS infants appeared to have lower levels of dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid, which is the precursor of the "1-series" prostaglandins. Statistically significant relationships were observed between various fatty acids, and there were also significant relationships involving docosapentaenoic acid and infant age, and docosahexaenoic acid and liver iron content. PMID- 6230002 TI - Practical immunocytochemical identification of human blood cells. AB - A practical immunocytochemical method of demonstrating surface antigens of human blood cells on air-dried smears or other cytologic preparations has been developed. This method uses monoclonal antibodies as the primary antibodies and calf intestinal alkaline phosphatase as the enzymatic indicator. Combined staining with cytochemical stains for myeloperoxidase or nonspecific esterase on the same slide is also possible when needed. These methods are very useful for accurate identification of human blood cells on the commonly available clinical specimens and are very helpful in the diagnosis and classification of various hematologic neoplasms, including chronic lymphocytic leukemias, acute leukemias, and related diseases. PMID- 6230003 TI - Mycosis fungoides/Sezary's syndrome progressing to immunoblastic sarcoma. A T cell lymphoproliferation with both helper and suppressor phenotypes. AB - Multiparameter studies of an unusual patient exhibiting cutaneous manifestations of both mycosis fungoides and Sezary's syndrome are presented. The neoplastic cells of dermal and nodal infiltrates and peripheral blood expressed both helper and suppressor immunologic phenotypes. Cytofluorographic analysis of cells isolated from lymph node and peripheral blood showed a population of neoplastic cells that were stained with the monoclonal antibodies OKT 3, 4, 8, and 11. Immunoperoxidase staining of frozen sections with monoclonal antibodies Leu 1, 2, and 3 provided a topographical identification of an identically marking population of cells in dermis and lymph node. In light of current models depicting normal T-cell lineage, the authors suggest that the neoplastic population in this patient, expressing both helper and suppressor phenotypes, reflected a phenotypic stage of immunologic maturation (OKT 6-, OKT 10-, OKT 3+, OKT 11+, OKT 4+, OKT 8+) in which the neoplastic cells had not yet segregated into distinctive T-cell subsets. While excess helper activity was suggested by serum hypergammaglobulinemia, in vitro helper and suppressor function was not determined. The range of studies employed illustrates the wide variety of technics required to adequately characterize complex clinico-immunopathologic disorders, as represented by this case, and the wealth of information that can be gleaned. PMID- 6230004 TI - Severe thrombocytopenia following oral cholecystography with iocetamic acid. PMID- 6230005 TI - Difference between young and old patients in characteristics of leukemic cells: older patients have cells growing excessively in vitro, with low antigenicity despite high HLA-DR antigens. AB - Fifty-six patients with acute, non-lymphatic leukemia in the initial phase were studied. The poor prognostic signs were excessive in vitro growth, many HLA-DR positive cells, or a low ratio of leukemic cell antigenicity to HLA-DR positivity and age. The cells from older patients formed more clusters (P less than 0.05), and they had less capacity to stimulate normal allogeneic lymphocytes (P less than 0.05) than those from younger patients. Cells forming many clusters also were more often (P less than 0.01) HLA-DR-positive than those forming few clusters. It is suggested that the prognosis in old patients with acute leukemia is poor in part because their leukemic cells have characteristics different from those of young patients. PMID- 6230006 TI - Myocardial infarction in sickle cell anemia. AB - A review of the electrocardiograms (ECG) of 108 patients with sickle cell anemia found only 3 with patterns consistent with myocardial infarction. Two of the 3 patients with ECG infarct patterns had postmortem examination confirmation of the infarction. These two patients had no significant coronary atherosclerosis nor did the other six autopsied patients in the present series. Literature reports of postmortem examinations on patients with sickle cell anemia confirm the scarcity of coronary atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction in these patients. Forty of the 108 ECGs showed signs of left ventricular hypertrophy and 20 others had nondiagnostic ST and T wave abnormalities. Nine showed first degree AV block and four right bundle branch block. PMID- 6230007 TI - Presidential address. To be or not to be? That is the question. PMID- 6230009 TI - Decreased helper/suppressor cell ratios after treatment with factor VIII and IX concentrates and fresh frozen plasma. AB - The immunologic status of three groups of multiply transfused asymptomatic patients was evaluated. These included five with acquired inhibitors to factor VIII treated with both factor VIII and factor IX concentrates (Group A), seven with hemophilia B treated with factor IX concentrate (Group B), and six with hemophilia B treated with fresh frozen plasma (Group C). Mean helper/suppressor T cell ratios (+/- SEM) for the three groups were 0.72 +/- 0.09, 1.35 +/- 0.18, and 1.37 +/- 0.12, respectively. All three differed significantly (p less than 0.01) from the control mean ratio of 2.22 +/- 0.16. In addition, the mean ratio of Group A patients was significantly different (p less than 0.01) from those of Groups B and C. An inverted ratio (less than 1.00) was found in all Group A patients and only one Group B patient. Increased IgG levels were found in 80, 57, and 50 percent of each group, respectively. These immunologic findings bear a striking resemblance to those of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) of homosexuals, intravenous-drug abusers, Haitian immigrants, and factor VIII concentrate-treated hemophiliacs. Transmission via a blood-borne infectious agent seems likely. PMID- 6230008 TI - The origin of mosaic Down syndrome: four cases with chromosome markers. AB - Four children, a girl and three boys, with diploid/trisomic mosaic Down syndrome were studied for the mechanism of origin of mosaics, using Q- and R-banding heteromorphisms as markers. Three mosaic subjects started as a trisomic zygote followed by the loss of a chromosome 21 at an early mitotic division. Of these, one resulted from a maternal first-meiotic error, another resulted from a paternal first-meiotic event, and the third originated from a first-meiotic error in either parent. The remaining subject could have resulted from either a diploid or a trisomic zygote. These findings, together with a higher proportion of trisomic cells in skin fibroblasts than in peripheral blood lymphocytes in the two patients studied, suggest that the extra chromosome 21 in mosaic Down syndrome patients usually has a meiotic origin. At least two, possibly three, of the diploid cell lines in these mosaics consisted of "uniparental" chromosomes 21, namely, both the homologous members were derived from a parent. PMID- 6230011 TI - The roles and functions of occupational therapy services for the severely disabled. AB - Occupational therapy is an essential service for providing and maintaining the highest possible quality of life for severely disabled individuals. The occupational therapist intervenes to enable severely disabled clients to function at their maximum potential. PMID- 6230010 TI - Early readmission following elective laparoscopic sterilization: a brief analysis of a rare event. AB - This study examines some potential factors that are associated with occasional readmission soon after discharge for laparoscopic sterilization--a generally innocuous outpatient procedure. Thirty-six early readmissions among 22,000 cases of laparoscopic sterilization (an incidence rate of 1.6 per 1,000 procedures) in an international data set were investigated. Early follow-up (7 to 21 days after sterilization discharge) was 95%. The complications that led to readmission were of a more serious nature (e.g., intestinal burn/injury) among women sterilized by electrocoagulation (all unipolar) than among women sterilized with clips. Among electrocoagulation cases, women who were sterilized less than 42 days postabortion or postpartum were significantly more likely to be readmitted than were women who had not recently been pregnant. All readmitted women were discharged in satisfactory condition. The mean overall hospital stay during readmission was 7.3 days--10.6 days for electrocoagulation, 5.6 days for tubal ring, and 2.1 days for clip cases. A case-control analysis did not reveal a significantly higher relative risk for readmission among women with previous abdominal operations than among those without. PMID- 6230012 TI - Experimental Trypanosoma cruzi cardiomyopathy in BALB/c mice. The potential role of intravascular platelet aggregation in its genesis. AB - In male BALB/c mice aged 5-6 weeks inoculated three times at intervals of 15 days with 1 X 10(7) epimastigote forms of the PF strain of Trypanosoma cruzi and challenged 30 days after the last inoculation with 2 X 10(4) trypomastigote forms of the Colombia strain of T cruzi (the mice were sacrificed 80-100 days after the challenge) a cardiomyopathy very similar to that observed in the chronic phase of Chagas' disease in man develops. The cardiac syndrome is characterized grossly by cardiomegaly with hypertrophy, dilatation of ventricular chambers, and thinning of the apex of the left ventricle (apical aneurysm) and microscopically by focal areas of myocytolytic necrosis and myocardial degeneration with an inflammatory response composed of mononuclear cells (predominantly macrophages and a few lymphocytes) with concurrent interstitial fibrosis and occasional myofibers containing pseudocysts. In addition, aggregated platelets and occlusive thrombi were found in small epicardial and intramyocardial vessels of infected mice as compared with controls. The potential role of intravascular platelet aggregation in the causation of focal myocardial necrosis and degeneration and apical aneurysm in experimental T cruzi cardiomyopathy in BALB/c mice is discussed. PMID- 6230013 TI - Nephron sites of action of nicotinamide on phosphate reabsorption. AB - The administration of nicotinamide results in urinary phosphate excretions similar to those obtained with pharmacologic doses of parathyroid hormone (PTH). Free-flow micropuncture was performed to localize the nephron site(s) of inhibition of phosphate reabsorption by nicotinamide or PTH in thyroparathyroidectomized (TPTX) rats stabilized on a normal or low phosphate diet. In rats fed a normal phosphate diet phosphaturia was observed following either nicotinamide or PTH treatment. Nicotinamide inhibited phosphate reabsorption in the loop of Henle (pars recta) but not in the accessible proximal tubule. PTH inhibited phosphate reabsorption in both the accessible proximal tubule and the pars recta. In phosphate deprivation, the phosphaturic response to either nicotinamide or PTH was blunted. Although phosphate reabsorption was markedly inhibited in the accessible proximal tubule with both nicotinamide and PTH, subsequent reabsorption in the loop of Henle and distal tubule blunted the phosphaturia. We conclude that nicotinamide primarily inhibits phosphate reabsorption by the pars recta in rats fed a normal phosphate diet, whereas it inhibits phosphate reabsorption by the proximal convoluted tubule in rats fed a low phosphate diet. Furthermore, avid reabsorption of phosphate in the pars recta accounts for the resistance to the phosphaturic effect of nicotinamide or PTH seen in rats fed a low phosphate diet. PMID- 6230014 TI - Metabolic alterations after dehydroepiandrosterone treatment in Zucker rats. AB - Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) is a known noncompetitive inhibitor of glucose-6 phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD). In the present investigation, the effects of chronic DHEA treatment on G6PD and several other enzymes involved in lipid metabolism were examined in lean and obese Zucker rats. Significant decreases in body weight were found in DHEA-treated rats in comparison with nontreated rats. In lean rats, DHEA treatment did not decrease either liver or adipose tissue G6PD and fatty acid synthetase activity, but malic enzyme activity was increased. In obese rats, decreased liver and adipose tissue G6PD and fatty acid synthetase activities were found. Malic enzyme activity in liver of obese DHEA rats was increased but not in adipose tissue. Adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase activity was decreased in both lean and obese DHEA rats. Serum insulin in obese DHEA rats was also decreased compared with control obese rats. These results indicate that the inhibition of G6PD may not be the mechanism of action of the antiobesity effect of DHEA. However, the metabolic effects of DHEA seen in obese rats may contribute to its antiobesity action. PMID- 6230015 TI - Baroreceptor heart rate reflex in rabbits after reversal of renal hypertension. AB - The baroreceptor heart rate reflex was studied in 26 renal hypertensive and 17 normotensive rabbits and in 13 rabbits after reversal of hypertension. Blood pressure and heart rate were varied by bolus injections of methoxamine or nitroglycerine in conscious rabbits, and a logistic sigmoid function was fitted to the pressure-heart rate data to estimate upper and lower heart rate plateaus, median blood pressure, and reflex sensitivity. In hypertensive rabbits, resetting of the blood pressure-heart rate curves to higher pressures was associated with reduced reflex sensitivity, increased lower heart rate plateau, and operating pressures significantly greater than the region of maximum reflex sensitivity, resulting in substantial attenuation of reflex bradycardia in response to hypertension. Reflex bradycardia after smoke inhalation was normal. Reversing the hypertension completely reversed the abnormalities in baroreflex control of heart rate. Renal hypertension in the rabbit produces functional changes that are completely reversible in the baroreceptor-heart rate reflex, probably in the afferent limb. PMID- 6230016 TI - A new technique for producing pure aortic stenosis in animals. AB - To date, techniques used to produce an animal model of valvular aortic stenosis have been unsuccessful. We have developed a new technique for producing pure subcoronary aortic valvular stenosis, which results in left ventricular hypertrophy in a short time. Five adult mongrel dogs weighing 18-24 kg were anesthetized with Brevital (0.5 mg/kg), intubated, and mechanically ventilated with halothane-oxygen. The chest was opened through the right 4th intercostal space, and cardiopulmonary bypass was established between the right atrium and femoral artery. When the esophageal temperature was reduced to about 25 degrees C, the aorta was cross clamped and incised. A piece of Teflon felt covered by pericardium was sutured into each of the sinuses of Valsalva below the coronary orifices. Two to four weeks after the operation, the animals were catheterized. The average pressure gradient between left ventricle (LV) and aorta was 52 +/- 15 mmHg. Mean LV mass-to-body weight ratio was 6.16 +/- 0.28 g/kg vs. 4.24 +/- 0.27 for controls. End-diastolic volume and ejection fraction remained normal, and no aortic regurgitation was seen on aortic root angiography. This preparation creates a hemodynamic representation of valvular aortic stenosis and produces a useful model for examining the myocardial response to this disease. Although hypertrophy develops rapidly, slowly developing hypertrophy may also be possible with this technique. PMID- 6230017 TI - Trends in childhood disability. AB - This article summarizes and analyzes possible explanations for the near doubling, since 1960, of the proportion of children with limitations of activity due to chronic illness as reported in the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS). We examine several possible explanations for the upward trend in prevalence including: changes in survey design and procedures; changes in awareness of chronic illness on the part of parents and physicians; and changes in the institutionalized population of disabled children. Our analysis indicates that only a small part of the trend can be explained directly by these factors. Further examination of the NHIS data reveals that the types of limitations of activities now reported are less likely to cause frequent confinement in bed; whether this indicates lesser severity or principally different types of chronic conditions is as yet unclear. PMID- 6230018 TI - Noncovalent bonding of penicillin and cefazolin to dacron. AB - Dacron grafts treated with the surfactant, benzalkonium chloride or TDMAC bind significant quantities of penicillin-14C or cefazolin-14C. The treated grafts showed strong antibacterial activity which indicated that bound radioactivity corresponds to the reversible adsorption of biologically active molecules. Bound penicillin-14C or cefazolin-14C slowly dissociates when the grafts are placed in a surgically prepared muscle pouch in the rat. This slow release of antibiotic produces therapeutic levels of antibiotic in the adjacent tissue. Binding can also be achieved by in situ irrigation of surfactant treated grafts with antibiotic or by injection of the antibiotic. PMID- 6230019 TI - Inadequacy of the noninvasive hemodynamic evaluation of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty. AB - The role of noninvasive hemodynamic tests in the evaluation of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty success or failure was studied. The ankle-brachial pressure index and pulse volume recording amplitude were measured before and after 37 iliac and 46 femoropopliteal angiographically successful percutaneous transluminal angioplasties. Immediate evidence of hemodynamic improvement was seen in 53 percent of angiographically successful dilatations using the ankle brachial pressure index and in 60 percent using the pulse volume recording amplitude alone. A better correlation was seen when improvement was noted on either test but was still only 71 percent. Twelve primary iliac percutaneous transluminal angioplasties were considered to be successful immediately by angiography, yet no hemodynamic improvement was recorded. Nine primary iliac percutaneous transluminal angioplasties, however, had continued clinical success and limb viability. Twelve angiographically successful femoropopliteal percutaneous transluminal angioplasties also showed no improvement in hemodynamic values, yet three have continued clinical evidence of patency. Thus, although noninvasive hemodynamic tests are important and must be carried out, they are only one of many ways to assess the effectiveness of angioplasty. PMID- 6230020 TI - [Immunization of pregnant women with allogenic lymphocytes from the husband as a method of preventing spontaneous abortion]. PMID- 6230022 TI - Anaesthesia for a patient with Down's syndrome and Eisenmenger's complex. AB - A patient with Down's syndrome and Eisenmenger's complex presented for orthopaedic surgery on the elbow under general anaesthesia. During pre oxygenation, in order to prevent a subsequent fall in systemic vascular resistance, metaraminol 1 mg was administered intravenously. The patient immediately developed bradycardia, mild hypertension and became deeply cyanosed. His condition rapidly improved after atropine 0.6 mg was given intravenously. Following induction of anaesthesia with thiopentone and tracheal intubation facilitated by suxamethonium, anaesthesia was maintained by mechanical ventilation of the lungs with nitrous oxide and oxygen (40%) with intravenous increments of fentanyl for analgesia and pancuronium for muscle relaxation; residual neuromuscular blockade was reversed with neostigmine. The patient made an eventful recovery. Although general anaesthesia is tolerated by patients with Eisenmenger's complex, powerful vasoactive drugs should not be administered unless specifically indicated. PMID- 6230021 TI - Histiocytoid hemangioma with features of angiolymphoid hyperplasia and Kaposi's sarcoma. A study by light microscopy, electron microscopy, and immunologic techniques. AB - We examined by light and electron microscopy 99 vascular lesions removed on 17 occasions over a 2-year period from a 55-year-old black man. The lesions all showed histologic features of a vascular neoplasm composed of enlarged "histiocytoid" endothelial cells and overlapping features of angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia and Kaposi's sarcoma. An apparently unique feature was early loss of melanin from the overlying epidermis and a mononuclear inflammatory-cell infiltrate. The patient also had an abnormal immunologic state very similar to that seen in homosexuals with Kaposi's sarcoma. PMID- 6230023 TI - Anaesthesia, atracurium and Huntington's chorea. PMID- 6230024 TI - The conduction system in cattle hearts with ventricular septal defects. PMID- 6230025 TI - Microscopic anatomy and enzyme histochemistry of the canine anal canal. PMID- 6230026 TI - [Demonstration of different hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases in the perianal glands of the adult dog]. PMID- 6230027 TI - The microanatomy of the coyote's (Canis latrans) respiratory system. PMID- 6230028 TI - Age related changes in the caprine cavum hypophysis. PMID- 6230029 TI - [The urinary tract of Gallus gallus Indian River species. I. Ureter formation and branches]. PMID- 6230030 TI - [Genesis of the myocytic locomotor apparatus]. PMID- 6230031 TI - Proposal for the abbreviations of some commonly used NAV technical terms. PMID- 6230032 TI - Fertility of male rabbits during oligozoospermia induced by injections of medroxyprogesterone acetate and testosterone enanthate. AB - Spermatogenesis of male rabbits was completely suppressed by weekly injection of medroxyprogesterone acetate (10 mg) combined with testosterone enanthate (5 mg) for 6 weeks. However, the fertility of the medicated animals was not abolished during the induced oligozoospermia objectively determining by artificial insemination. Besides reduction in sperm density, the drugs did not cause any significant change in neither sperm motility nor morphology. If the combination of medroxyprogesterone acetate and testosterone enanthate is to be effectively used as a male contraceptive it must be given at such a dose that azoospermia is induced and continuously maintained with some consequent undesirable side effects. PMID- 6230033 TI - Acceptance of hepatitis B vaccine among high-risk health care workers. AB - During a recent hepatitis B vaccination program among high-risk health care workers, the major sources of information about the vaccine were an in-service informational program, discussion with co-workers, and professional journals. Little or no information was obtained from the lay media or the product brochure. Two thirds of the personnel to whom the vaccine was offered accepted the vaccine. The major reason for accepting the vaccine was a perceived high-risk of contracting hepatitis B. In contrast, one third of the high-risk individuals offered the vaccine declined the opportunity. The major reason for not accepting the vaccine was concern with potential side effects. This information would have been helpful during the planning phase of the program. PMID- 6230034 TI - Combined therapy with ipratropium and theophylline in asthma. AB - Ipratropium (40 micrograms) and theophylline (oxtriphylline 400 mg) were administered to 24 asthmatics in a randomized double-blind placebo controlled trial. The combination of these agents produced additive bronchodilation for up to two hours, with a 23 percent maximal increase in FEV1. This regimen promises to be safe, effective therapy for patients with asthma. PMID- 6230035 TI - Lymphocyte subsets in primary biliary cirrhosis. AB - To ascertain whether abnormalities of circulating T-cell subsets are a cause or effect of primary cirrhosis, we analyzed peripheral blood lymphocytes from 44 patients at various stages of disease. The percentages of total T cells and helper/inducer cells were normal in early disease whereas the percentage of suppressor/inducer cells was increased. The percentage of all T-cell subsets fell steadily as the disease progressed histologically. The percentages in late (cirrhotic) disease were the same as those in patients with other types of cirrhosis. We conclude that most of the previously reported abnormalities of circulating T cells are secondary to the histologic progression of primary biliary cirrhosis. PMID- 6230036 TI - Lung T cells in hypersensitivity pneumonitis. AB - Monoclonal antibodies OKT3 (all T cells), OKT4 (T-helper/inducer), and OKT8 (T suppressor/cytotoxic) were used to determine surface phenotypes of bronchoalveolar lavage and peripheral blood lymphocytes in patients with chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Similar studies were done in asymptomatic pigeon breeders, patients with sarcoidosis, and nonsmoking controls. Increased numbers of lavage T cells were found in patients with hypersensitivity pneumonitis and sarcoidosis and in asymptomatic pigeon breeders. The predominant T-cell subset in patients with hypersensitivity pneumonitis and in asymptomatic pigeon breeders was T8 +; in contrast, the predominant subset in those with sarcoidosis was T4 +. Peripheral blood T-cell subsets were normal in all groups. Thus, most lung T lymphocytes in chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis belong to the T8 + subset; the local cellular immune response in hypersensitivity pneumonitis and sarcoidosis are different; and the pattern of alveolitis, as determined by bronchoalveolar lavage, is not the sole determinant of lung impairment after exposure to hypersensitivity pneumonitis antigens. PMID- 6230037 TI - [Effect of the Friend leukemia virus on lymphocyte subpopulations in the mouse]. PMID- 6230038 TI - [Constitutional painful callosities. Analgesic efficacy of etretinate]. AB - We have recently evaluated eight patients with an unusual genetic dermatosis that was characterized by the development of painful callosities at pressure points of soles, with tender yellowish-brown hyperkeratosis. These lesions are very painful: walking produced pain that was severe. The patients performing manual labor, in addition, had multiple callosities on the palms. Hyperhidrosis of the soles and palms was frequently present. Skin lesions were first noted in adolescence. There was no similar family history. There was no personal nor family history of hair, nail or dental disease. A biopsy was performed in one case and showed a simple hyperkeratosis similar to these observed in callosities. Classification of our cases is difficult. They are not similar to the entity named "hereditary painful callosities" by Roth et al. Review of the literature did not show similar cases. The patients received Etretinate (1 mg/day/kg). In all 8 cases, a dramatic improvement was obtained within seven days; the pain disappeared entirely and the patients were able to walk again without any pain. Then, the per-day dose was diminished without reappearance of the pain. PMID- 6230039 TI - Rectus abdominis muscle flaps for closure of osteomyelitis hip defects. AB - In chronic defects of osteomyelitis good results can be achieved using radical debridement, long-term systemic antibiotics, and soft-tissue coverage with muscle flaps. In three patients, the rectus abdominis muscle was a reliable means of filling dead space and providing soft-tissue coverage, at the same time bringing in a new blood supply for these chronic hip joint wounds. There were no complications, and all wounds have remained closed at follow-up periods ranging from two months to one year. PMID- 6230040 TI - A technique for skin grafting around abdominal wall fistulas. AB - A simple method of grafting around draining abdominal wall fistulas is described. A Silastic sump drain stapled into a doughnut configuration is used. This produces a barrier around the fistula which drains the fluid off as it reaches the perforations of the sump drain. PMID- 6230041 TI - Application of digital vascular imaging in interventional radiology. PMID- 6230042 TI - Applications of monoclonal antibodies in enzyme genetics. PMID- 6230043 TI - [Bacteriocinogenicity of brucellae isolated in foci in the Caucasus and their evaluation from taxonomic viewpoints]. AB - The aim of the study was to elucidate the possibility of using bacteriocinogenicity of Brucella as taxonomic feature, to determine their phylogenetic relation to other microorganisms by their bacteriocinogenic properties and to investigate the physicochemical properties of brucellacin and conditions for its stable detection. The Brucella cultures were isolated in the Caucasus. Investigation of their capacity for production of bacteriocin according to the procedure described by M.A. Konstantinova and A.D. Garmazova (1979) revealed that 62.1 per cent of the 216 cultures tested produced brucellacin. Isolation of bacteriocin with the methods developed was shown possible in all of the tested strains of B. melitensis, B. abortus, B. suis and in most of the strains of B. ovis. The methods also provided an increase in the synthesis and activity of brucellacin. The analysis of the characteristic features of bacteriocinogenicity and the properties of bacteriocin allowed recommending the use of additional taxonomic features for identification and differentiation of Brucella. Sensitivity of the indicator strains of Brucella to bacteriocins of other species (F. tularensis, Campylobacter fetus intestinalis B-8833, Y. enterocolitica, Vibrio cholerae and E. coli Fredericq) was noted which was additional evidence of the phylogenic relation between the above organisms. Investigation of the physicochemical properties of brucellacin confirmed the suggestion of the protein nature of the active principle of brucellacin and its similarity in different Brucella species. PMID- 6230045 TI - Involvement of oxygen and mitochondrial function in the metabolism of D-xylulose by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - Mitochondrial function associated with oxygen was required for growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae on D-xylulose. The requirement was shown by (i) the inhibition of growth of a wild-type strain under anaerobic conditions, (ii) the inhibition of aerobic growth after treatment with inhibitors of mitochondrial function, and (iii) the lack of aerobic and anaerobic growth of nuclear and cytoplasmic petites. The mitochondrial function was associated with the channeling of catabolites of D-xylulose to growth processes, since ethanol was formed even when growth was inhibited. Mitochondrial function was implicated as well in determining the extent of growth and the concentration of ethanol in aerobic cultures of the wild-type. In such cultures, the concentration of ethanol decreased and growth increased concomitantly as aeration rate increased. A factor in this relation was considered to be the relatively poor ability of D-xylulose to inhibit the oxidative utilization of ethanol. PMID- 6230044 TI - Simultaneous occurrence of deoxynivalenol, zearalenone, and aflatoxin in 1982 scabby wheat from the midwestern United States. AB - Thirty-three samples of wheat of the 1982 crop year from Kansas and Nebraska were analyzed for deoxynivalenol, T-2 toxin, zearalenone, and aflatoxin. Deoxynivalenol was identified in 31 of 33 samples, zearalenone was identified in 3 of 33 samples, and aflatoxin B1 was identified in 23 of 31 samples. One 1982 wheat sample from Illinois and one from Texas were also contaminated with deoxynivalenol at 1,200 and 600 ng/g, respectively. None of the samples contained detectable T-2 toxin. The mean concentration of deoxynivalenol was 1,782 +/- 262 ng/g, and the concentrations of aflatoxin B1 ranged from 0.8 to 17.0 ng/g, with a mean of 3.37 +/- 0.7. Zearalenone concentrations of the three positive samples were 35, 90, and 115 ng/g. However, density segregation of two other samples which tested negative yielded light fractions, comprising less than 2% of the samples, contaminated at 230 and 254 ng of zearalenone per g; calculated zearalenone concentrations for these two samples were below the limit of detection of the method. The high frequency of aflatoxin B1 and deoxynivalenol in wheat from the 1982 crop is unprecedented, as is the simultaneous contamination of some samples with deoxynivalenol, zearalenone, and aflatoxin B1. PMID- 6230046 TI - Structural features and some binding properties of proteoheparan sulfate enzymatically labeled by calf brain microsomes. AB - Previous studies established that brain microsomes catalyze the transfer of [35S]sulfate from 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phospho[35S]sulfate to an O-linked oligosaccharide chain of a membrane glycoprotein and sulfamino groups of a membrane-associated proteoheparan sulfate (R. R. Miller and C. J. Waechter (1979) Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 198, 31-41). A large fraction of the proteoheparan [35S]sulfate can be released by treating the enzymatically labeled membranes from calf brain with 1 M NaCl. The salt-extracted 35S-labeled proteoglycan has been partially purified by a combination of ion-exchange and gel filtration chromatography. Based on chromatographic analyses, the 35S-labeled proteoglycan labeled in vitro is proposed to be a family of proteoheparan [35S]sulfates having an average molecular weight estimated to be 55,000. Variation in the length of the 35S-labeled polysaccharide chains partially accounts for the differences in molecular size of the proteoheparan [35S]sulfates. Binding studies reveal that the intact proteoheparan [35S]sulfates, as well as the free 35S-labeled polysaccharides released by mild alkali treatment, rapidly reassociate with calf brain membrane preparations. The association with calf brain membranes is saturable and reversible. Consistent with the binding being a specific interaction, only iduronic acid-containing glycosaminoglycans inhibit the association of the 35S-labeled proteoglycan with calf brain membranes and facilitate the disassociation. Neither the binding of the 35S-labeled proteoglycan to membranes nor the displacement was affected by hyaluronic acid, chondroitin 4-sulfate, or chondroitin 6-sulfate. The binding of the enzymatically labeled proteoheparan sulfate is reduced by preincubating membranes with either trypsin or chymotrypsin, but not with neuraminidase or phospholipase D. These results suggest that at least one class of proteoheparan sulfates could be specifically bound to one or more brain membrane proteins. The results also suggest a role for iduronosyl residues, and perhaps the stereochemical relationship of the carboxyl group to the O-sulfate moiety at C-2, in the recognition process. PMID- 6230048 TI - Nucleosomal conformations induced by the small HMG proteins or by histone hyperacetylation are distinct. AB - Nucleosomal particles with a reduced electrophoretic mobility can arise from the presence of HMG proteins 14 and 17 or from hyperacetylating the histone core. Both forms have been prepared from Namalva (Burkitt lymphoma) cells. After deacetylation, sequences of the inducible but nontranscribed interferon-beta genes are still part of the low mobility class of particles suggesting that they carry a member of the small HMG proteins. A comparison of HMG-bonded and hyperacetylated particles on density gradient gels shows that in the first case slow mobilities arise from a reduced effective charge and in the second from an increased friction, i.e., a relaxed nucleosome structure. The interaction of HMG 14 with compact and relaxed nucleosomes has been compared to appreciate the role of histone acetylation. It is shown that hyperacetylation reduces the affinity and cooperativity of binding HMG and may be a prerequisite for an efficient transcription. PMID- 6230047 TI - F1ATPase of Escherichia coli: a mutation (uncA401) located in the middle of the alpha subunit affects the conformation essential for F1 activity. AB - F1ATPase from the Escherichia coli mutant of H+-ATPase, AN120 (uncA401), has less than 1% of the wild type activity and has been shown to be defective in the alpha subunit by in vitro reconstitution experiments. In the present study, the mutation site was located within a domain of the subunit by recombinant DNA technology. For this, a series of recombinant plasmids carrying various portions of the alpha subunit gene were constructed and used for genetic recombination with AN120. Analysis of the recombinants indicated that the mutation site could be located between amino acid residues 370 and 387. The biochemical properties of the mutant F1 were analyzed further using the fluorescent ATP analog DNS-ATP (2' (5-dimethylaminonaphthalene-1-sulfonyl)-amino-2'-deoxy ATP). The single turnover process of E. coli F1ATPase proposed by Matsuoka et al. [(1982) J. Biochem. 92, 1383-1398.] was compared in the mutant and wild type F1's. Mutant F1 bound DNS ATP and hydrolyzed it as efficiently as wild type F1. Results showed that binding of ATP to a low affinity site, possibly in the beta subunit, caused decrease of fluorescence of DNS-ATP in the wild type F1 and that this effect of ATP binding was inhibited by DCCD (dicyclohexyl carbodiimide). However, this effect was not inhibited by DCCD in the mutant F1, suggesting that in the proposed process some step(s) after ATP binding to the low affinity site differed in the mutant and wild F1's. When Pi was added to F1 bound to DNS-ATP or to aurovertin, a fluorescent probe capable of binding to the beta subunit, the opposite changes of fluorescence of these probes in the mutant and wild type F1's were observed, suggesting that the conformational change induced by phosphate binding was altered in the mutant F1. On the basis of the estimated mutation site and the biochemical properties of the mutant F1, the correlation of the domain of this site in the alpha subunit with the function of F1 ATPase is discussed. PMID- 6230050 TI - Purification and characterization of a vanadate-sensitive nucleotide tri- and diphosphatase with acid pH optimum from rat bone. AB - Rat bone was extracted with KCl and Triton X-100, and a tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase activity was purified by protamine sulfate precipitation, ion exchange chromatography (CM-cellulose), and gel filtration on Sephadex G-200 according to previously described procedures. Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and silver staining demonstrated a major band with an apparent monomer molecular size of approximately 14,000 Da. The enzyme is active with p-nitrophenylphosphate (p-NPP) but exhibits a 5- to 10-fold higher affinity towards several nucleotides of which ATP and ADP are the most readily hydrolyzed substrates based on kinetic studies. Based on sensitivity towards proteolytic treatment and detergent removal, as well as pH-optimum studies, a single enzyme was found to be responsible for activity towards nucleotide phosphates as well as p-NPP. This nucleotide tri- and diphosphatase constitutes around 15% of the total acid phosphatase activity in rat bone. The activity with ATP as substrate in contrast to that with p-NPP was inhibited in a noncompetitive fashion by MgCl2, sodium metavanadate, and p-chloromercuribenzoate. Enzyme activity with p-NPP and ATP is dependent on the presence of KCl and detergent and is activated by Fe3+ and ascorbate. The reported characteristics of the enzyme suggest that it functions as a unique membrane acid ATPase. PMID- 6230051 TI - Isozyme composition and phosphorylation of brain phosphofructokinase. AB - Rabbit brain phosphofructokinase was purified to homogeneity by a rapid procedure involving affinity chromatography and gel filtration. The enzyme consists of hybrids of the three phosphofructokinase subunit types C, A, and B. The molecular weights of these subunits are 86,000, 84,000, and 80,000, respectively; they are present in brain phosphofructokinase in a ratio of approximately 5:4:1.5. The enzyme as isolated from rabbit brain contains 0.16-0.18 mol phosphate per mole of subunit; another 0.4-0.5 mol phosphate per mole subunit can be incorporated in vitro in the presence of the catalytic subunit of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase. The initial rate of phosphorylation is increased by fructose 2,6 bisphosphate or AMP and decreased by citrate or high concentrations of ammonium sulfate. All three subunit types are phosphorylated in vitro, and the phosphorylation site on each subunit is sensitive to cleavage by trypsin at a terminal region of each subunit. However, these sites show different relative rates of phosphorylation in vitro in the presence of ammonium sulfate. In vitro phosphorylation of brain phosphofructokinase had no affect on specific activity, inhibition by ATP, or activation by fructose 2,6-bisphosphate. PMID- 6230049 TI - Purification of F1-ATPase with impaired catalytic activity from partial revertants of Escherichia coli uncA mutant strains. AB - It is shown that F1-ATPase preparations having impaired catalytic rates may be purified from partial revertants of uncA mutant strains of Escherichia coli. Recovery of catalytic activity in the partial revertant F1 was accompanied by recovery of alpha in equilibrium beta intersubunit conformational interaction, supporting the hypothesis that such interaction is required for normal catalysis in F1. The specific ATPase activities of the partial revertant F1 preparations were in the range 1-29% of normal, and some of the preparations showed unusual insensitivity to inhibitors. The properties of a new uncA mutant F1 preparation (uncA498) which has approximately half of normal catalytic rate are also briefly described. PMID- 6230052 TI - Partial purification and some properties of beta-phosphoglucomutase from Lactobacillus brevis. AB - A phosphoglucomutase (beta-phosphoglucomutase) specific for beta-glucose 1 phosphate, which catalyzes the beta-glucose 1-phosphate:glucose 6-phosphate interconversion, was 560-fold purified from Lactobacillus brevis strain L6. The isoelectric point of beta-phosphoglucomutase was 3.8 and it had an apparent molecular weight of 29,000 estimated by gel chromatography. The enzyme required a divalent cation (Mn2+ greater than Mg2+ greater than Ni2+ greater than Co2+) and beta-glucose 1,6-bisphosphate for activity. The equilibrium constant Ke for the reaction beta-D-glucose 1-phosphate in equilibrium D-glucose 6-phosphate at 30 degrees C and pH 6.7 is 18.5. beta-phosphoglucomutase had a pH optimum between 6.3 and 6.8 and appeared to be quite specific: alpha-glucose 1-phosphate, alpha- or beta-galactose 1-phosphate and alpha- or beta-N-acetylglucosamine 1-phosphate did not substitute for beta-glucose 1-phosphate. Double reciprocal plots of the data from initial velocity studies at five beta-glucose 1-phosphate concentrations (10 to 100 microM) and four beta-glucose 1,6-bisphosphate concentrations (0.125 to 1.0 microM) showed that the apparent Michaelis constants for beta-glucose 1-phosphate and beta-glucose 1,6-bisphosphate were related to the concentrations of beta-glucose 1,6-bisphosphate and beta-glucose 1-phosphate, respectively, in such a way as to suggest a ping-pong mechanism. The same conclusion was obtained when substrate-velocity relationships were investigated at fixed ratio of both substrates: the Lineweaver-Burk plots showed linear lines and no parabolic ones. The "true" Km for beta-glucose 1-phosphate and beta glucose 1,6-bisphosphate were found to be about 12 and 0.8 microM, respectively. PMID- 6230053 TI - [Significance of human Tr cell in gastric cancer --with special reference to suppressor cell activity]. AB - Peripheral blood lymphocytes from gastric cancer patients and normal donors were divided into T, non T, Tr, and T non-r cell fractions. Suppressor cell activity of each fraction and surface antigen of T cell subsets were investigated. T and Tr cell fractions activated by concanavalin A (Con A) significantly depressed the lymphocyte proliferative responsiveness (LP) to phytohemagglutinin (PHA) of responder autologous lymphocytes, but non T and T non-r cell fractions didn't. LP response to PHA of responder autologous cells were depressed by Tr cell fraction from gastric cancer patients without Con A activation, but not from normal donors. The percentage of Tr cells in T cells increased from 8.9% to 18.2% in gastric cancer patients, and from 4.7% to 9.5% in normal donors when lymphocytes were activated by Con A for 24 hours. The percentages of Tr cells reacting with OKT3, 4, and 8 monoclonal antibodies were 72.5%, 29.0% and 43.4%, respectively. Therefore, Tr cell was relatively enriched by OKT8 cell. The percentage of Tr cells and suppressor cell activity increased when normal lymphocytes were incubated with sera from gastric cancer patients for 24 hours and suppression by T, Tr and T non-r cell fractions 23%, 8% and 5%, respectively. From these results it is suggested that Tr cells contain suppressor precursors which can be activated by Con A in vitro and matured suppressor cells which have been already activated in vivo, and that higher proportion of suppressor precursors is found in gastric cancer patients as compared with normal donors. Furthermore, it is indicated that cancer sera may contain factors which induce suppressor cell and induction of suppressor cell activity requires the interaction between Tr cell and T non-r cell. PMID- 6230055 TI - [Phase II study of FF-705 by Clinical Cooperative Study Group]. AB - Clinical efficacy of new fluorouridine derivative, FF-705, was studied in 108 patients with advanced malignant tumors. Partial responses were observed in 8 of 61 evaluable cases (13.1%): 4 of 9 patients with breast cancer, 1 of 19 patients with gastric cancer, 1 of 15 patients with lung cancer, 1 of 3 patients with kidney cancer and 1 of 1 patient with pancreas cancer. In the analysis of adverse effects of FF-705, gastrointestinal toxicity was major toxicity. Especially, diarrhea was observed in 41 of 108 patients (38.0%) within a total dose of 10 g shortly after drug administration. PMID- 6230054 TI - [Phase I study of a new floxuridine derivative, 2'-deoxy-3', 5'-di-O-acetyl-5 fluoro-3-(3-methylbenzoyl)uridine (FF-705)]. AB - A phase I study of a new floxuridine derivative, FF-705, was performed in patients with various types of solid tumors. Efficacy of single oral administration with dose range of 300 to 700 mg/body was studied in 12 patients. At a dose of 500 mg/body transient increases of s GOT and s GPT were noted in one patient and, of 700 mg/body, nausea, vomiting or stomach dullness sensation was noted in two patients. The maximum tolerated dose was considered to be 700 mg/body or more. The dose limiting factor was a gastrointestinal toxicity. Oral administration in five consecutive days was studied in 23 patients to doses ranging 100 to 700 mg/body. The incidence of side effects were increased with dose escalation, and at a dose of 700 mg/body side effects were seen in all patients. The maximum tolerated dose was considered to be 700 mg/body/day, and the dose limiting factor was gastrointestinal toxicity. The optimal dose of FF 705 for consecutive administration is considered to be within the range of 200 to 300mg/body/day. Serum and urine concentrations of metabolites were assayed in 7 patients receiving single dose of 600 mg/body. In all patients serum concentration of floxuridine (FUDR) was higher than that of 5-FU and other metabolites at all points of measurement. The highest concentration of FUDR was detected at 2 hours after drug administration and the mean value was 0.04 microgram/ml. The main metabolite in the urine was 5'-acetyl-FUDR which was excreted 0.8% to the dose for 24 hours. The other metabolites were excreted less than 0.2%. PMID- 6230056 TI - [Combination chemotherapy with neocarzinostatin(NCS), HCFU and picibanil(NHO therapy) for advanced carcinoma of the digestive system--a comparative study with NF, and NFO therapy]. AB - We have previously reported the clinical effects of NF therapy (NCS + 5-FU) and NFO therapy (NCS + 5-FU + Picibanil) on patients with advanced carcinoma of the digestive organs. In the present study, (NHO therapy (NCS + HCFU + Picibanil) performed in 41 patients and 30 patients were evaluated for its clinical effects. In comparison with NHO, NF and NFO, partial regression (tumor regression exceeding 50%) was noted in 5 of 30 patients (16.7%) on NHO, which was superior to 7.4% on NF, but slightly inferior to 18.8% on NFO. However, six and twelve month survival rate and 50% survival month on NHO therapy were 31.6%, 10.5% and 4.6 months, respectively and they were superior to those of NF and NFO therapy. Though the incidence of the adverse effects by NHO was almost identical with that of NFO and not more frequent than that of NF therapy. Urinary frequency, hot sensation and urgency due to HCFU administration were observed approximately in 10% on NFO therapy. In the three modalities the advantageous clinical effects on patients with hepatic carcinoma irrespective of primary or metastatic were observed. PMID- 6230057 TI - [Platelet aggregation and coenzyme Q10 content in platelets in cancer patients]. AB - Platelet aggregation, plasma beta-thromboglobulin (beta-TG) concentration and coenzyme Q10 content in serum and platelets were measured in 45 patients with unresectable carcinoma of the lung and in 7 patients with metastatic pulmonary tumor before and after receiving chemotherapy. A significant increase in the plasma beta-TG concentration in cancer patients (47.4 +/- 18.7 ng/ml) was observed (p less than 0.001) compared to the controls (30.3 +/- 9.2 ng/ml). Serum coenzyme Q10 content was lower in cancer patients (0.42 +/- 0.19 micrograms/ml) (p less than 0.05) compared to the controls (0.57 +/- 0.24 micrograms/ml). The reason of decrease in serum coenzyme Q10 content in cancer patients was difficult to explain. No significant difference of the coenzyme Q10 content in platelets (1 X 10(8) cells) was observed either cancer patients (12.5 +/- 2.8 ng) or the controls (12.6 +/- 2.1 ng). No significant correlation was noted among platelet aggregation, plasma beta-TG concentration and coenzyme Q10 content in serum and platelets. Administration of either vindesine or KW2083 did not influence the coenzyme Q10 content in platelets. These results suggest that ATP synthetic pathway by oxidative phosphorylation in platelet be maintained in cancer patients, although a significant increase of plasma beta-TG concentration appears to be associated with an acceleration in the metabolic turnover of platelet. PMID- 6230058 TI - Suppressor cell number and function in alopecia areata. AB - Several values of immunologic function were studied and correlated with disease activity and extent in 14 patients with alopecia areata, alopecia totalis, or alopecia universalis and in a concurrently studied age- and sex-matched control group. As compared with the control group, the patients showed a significantly increased incidence of autoantibody formation, increased concanavalin A-induced suppression of the normal lymphocyte response to mitogens, an increased proportion of suppressor-cytotoxic cells in the peripheral blood, and a decrease in the absolute B-cell count. Absolute total T-cell counts, quantitative serum immunoglobulin determinations, and lymphocyte proliferation after exposure to the mitogens--concanavalin A, phytohemagglutinin, and pokeweed--and to tetanus antigen were comparable for both groups. Neither the percentage of concanavalin A induced suppression of the normal lymphocyte response to mitogens nor the helper suppressor ratio correlated significantly with the extent of hair loss. However, patients, particularly those who demonstrated spontaneous regrowth of hair, had increased concanavalin A-induced suppression in conjunction with an increase in the proportion of peripheral suppressor cells. PMID- 6230059 TI - Nebulised ipratropium bromide and sodium cromoglycate in the first two years of life. AB - In a double blind crossover trial, we compared sodium cromoglycate, ipratropium bromide, and water in 23 asthmatic children less than 2 years old (mean age 11.8 months). Each child received nebulised solutions containing 20 mg of sodium cromoglycate, 250 micrograms of ipratropium bromide, or 2 ml water three times a day for three two month periods. Daily symptom scores did not show significant differences between the treatments but parental preferences indicated that both sodium cromoglycate and ipratropium bromide were superior to placebo. Sodium cromoglycate was prophylactic and was more likely to help the older patients. Ipratropium bromide produced an immediate clinical benefit and the response was not age dependent. We were unable to pick responders from non-responders on the basis of lung function tests performed on a routine outpatient basis. Both ipratropium bromide and sodium cromoglycate help some but not all asthmatic children aged less than 2 years. PMID- 6230060 TI - Acute psoriatric arthropathy precipitated by oxprenolol. AB - A previously normal 58-year-old woman developed a widespread psoriatic rash and asymmetrical peripheral polyarthritis a week after beginning treatment with oxprenolol for hypertension. Skin and joint disease resolved simultaneously after drug withdrawal and have not recurred. PMID- 6230061 TI - Management of angioplasty complications, unsuccessful procedures and early and late failures. AB - Limb-salvage was the indication for 90% of 206 attempted PTAs in 175 patients between 1976 and 1982. Life-table patency rates at 4 years for the angiographically successful iliac PTA and femoropopliteal PTA were 78% and 50%, respectively. PTA of eight iliac, seven femoropopliteal, nine tibial, and two subclavian arteries and one autogenous saphenous vein graft (ASV) were unsuccessful. Of these, 17 subsequently underwent successful bypass grafts and five required below-knee amputations. Ten iliac, 37 femoropopliteal, four tibial, and two ASV graft PTAs failed. Of 20 repeat attempts at PTA, only two have achieved long-term patency. Appropriate surgery allowed limb salvage in 23 of 36 early failures (less than 3 months) and 12 of 14 late failures (greater than 3 months), and usually consisted of the same operation that would have been performed had PTA not been attempted. Fifty-two complications were classified according to the method of treatment. Fourteen warranted surgery, but in 10 this was successfully achieved by the same operation that would have been required had PTA not been performed. PMID- 6230062 TI - Long-term observations on a crimped Dacron aortic bypass graft in the growing child. AB - Nineteen years of clinical and angiographic observations are presented on a patient with congenital stricture of the upper abdominal aorta who underwent thoracic-to-abdominal aorta bypass grafting using a woven crimped Dacron vascular prosthesis. These observations indicate that if such a prosthesis is properly applied, i.e., attached in a proper angle and is not stretched as it is usually done in the adult, then it will be capable of gradual "lengthening" through the years and thus adapt to the needs of a growing child. PMID- 6230063 TI - Relationship between untreated and insulin-treated diabetes and vascular relaxation. AB - The effects of untreated and insulin-treated streptozotocin-induced diabetes on the ability of the rat aorta maximally contracted with either 10(-4) M phenylephrine (PE) or 70 mM KCl to relax in response to 10(-5) to 10(-2) M theophylline (Theo) were examined. No significant differences between Theo induced relaxation of the PE-contracture in control, untreated diabetic and insulin-treated diabetic aortas were observed until 12 weeks after the induction of diabetes. Twelve weeks after the induction of diabetes, the untreated diabetic aortas exhibited less relaxation in response to Theo than did the controls. This diabetes-induced decrease in relaxation of the PE-contracture was not reversed by insulin-treatment. Diabetes increased the ability of the K-contracted aortas to relax in response to Theo 4 weeks after the induction of diabetes. This diabetes induced increase in the Theo-induced relaxation of the K-contracture was reversed by insulin-treatment. Even though there was no difference in the sensitivity of the PE-contracted tissues to Theo, the K-stimulated tissues from the untreated diabetic animals were more susceptible to the relaxing effects of Theo than either the control or insulin-treated aortas. These results indicate that diabetes affects the ability of the vascular smooth muscle to relax in response to theophylline, depending on the length of time in the diabetic state, the type of stimulus (PE or KCl) and whether or not insulin-treatment is applied. PMID- 6230064 TI - DNA probe offers possibility of genetic linkage testing for Huntington's disease. PMID- 6230065 TI - Microcomputer-based communication augmentation systems for two nonspeaking, physically handicapped persons with severe visual impairment. AB - Two different microcomputer-based communication systems were developed for nonspeaking physically handicapped individuals with severe visual impairment. One subject was 24 years old and had an inoperative optic glioma which impaired motor function as well as vision. The second subject was cortically blind with severe motor limitation secondary to an automobile accident which occurred at 17 years of age. Both communication systems employed speech synthesis as a control feature to compensate for visual impairment. Both subjects have learned to use their communication systems. The second subject has not achieved extended, independent system use due to reduced vigilance and attention span. PMID- 6230066 TI - Motorized wheelchair driving by disabled children. AB - Thirteen children with physical disabilities, normal intelligence and stable family situations were studied to learn whether children under age 4 years could learn competent control of a motorized wheelchair. Their mean age was 31.3 months (range 20 to 37 months). There were six girls and seven boys. Each child required adaptive seating to manipulate the control stick in a conventional motorized wheelchair. Without specific training instructions, parents introduced the wheelchairs under pleasant circumstances at home. Daily logs and engine-hour meters indicate that 12 children learned seven pre-established driving skills within a mean cumulative period of 34.4 hours (range 6.6 to 168 hours) distributed over an average 16.3 days (range 3 to 50 days). Actual cumulative wheelchair movement averaged 8.1 hours (range 1.7 to 26.1 hours). All learned a cluster of four to five skills over a one to five day period. Start-stop and circling were the two initial skills in all but one case. In four children, the first skill appeared after a latent period of 5, 6, 12 and 43 days. Children as young as 24 months can learn to drive motorized wheelchairs. Because of the theoretical importance of approximating normal gross motor milestones, powered mobility should be considered an early rehabilitative intervention for physically disabled children. PMID- 6230067 TI - Promotion by burn stress of the translocation of bacteria from the gastrointestinal tracts of mice. AB - A mouse burn model was established to test the effect of nonlethal thermal injury on the translocation of indigenous bacteria from the gastrointestinal (GI) tract to other organs. Specific pathogen-free (SPF) mice were given 15% or 30% total body surface area burns, and the mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs), spleens, livers, blood, and peritoneal cavities were cultured for translocated bacteria at various time intervals. No viable aerobic, facultatively anaerobic, or strictly anaerobic bacteria of the indigenous flora grew in cultures from the MLNs of these mice. Consequently, SPF mice were antibiotic decontaminated and then colonized with Escherichia coli to develop a model in which E coli maintains abnormally high cecal population levels and translocates continuously to the MLN. These mice received 15% or 30% thermal burns four days after colonization with E coli. The incidence of bacterial translocation and the numbers of E coli translocating to the MLN, spleen, liver, blood, and peritoneal cavity increased with increasing burn area compared with controls. Mice receiving 15% burns could not clear intravenously challenged E coli from their bloodstream, MLN, or liver. Thus, burn stress promotes the translocation of bacteria from the GI tract to other organs to cause bacteremia. PMID- 6230068 TI - Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty. An ineffective approach to the failing vascular access. AB - A prosthetic arteriovenous (AV) fistula is often necessary in patients with chronic renal failure who lack suitable venous anatomy for the construction of an autogenous AV access. Not infrequently, these conduits fail as a result of neointimal hyperplasia obstructing the outflow tract at the venous anastomosis. Six patients underwent one or more attempts at balloon dilation of an anastomotic stenosis. Grafts had either thrombosed, exhibited poor arterial inflow, or developed high venous pressures. Eight of ten dilations were outright failures, while two dilations each provided an additional three months of graft function before surgical revision became necessary. We conclude that percutaneous transluminal angioplasty is of very limited value as a salvage procedure in the failing synthetic vascular access, and should be attempted only as a possible temporizing measure in those individuals in whom definitive surgical correction must be delayed. PMID- 6230069 TI - Treatment of renal artery embolism. AB - Renal artery embolectomy was performed on four patients. There was no operative mortality. Four of the five affected kidneys were salvaged. The most common initial symptom was flank pain. The literature from 1970 to 1982 was reviewed to determine the current operative mortality (11%) and frequency of kidney salvage (67% to 90%) with surgery or anticoagulation. Newer treatment modalities, including intraarterially injected low-dose streptokinase and percutaneous transluminal angioplasty, have also proved useful. The addition of these newer methods, combined with the fact that kidneys can frequently be salvaged after prolonged periods of acute renal artery occlusion, led to the development of a clinical algorithm for treatment. With this algorithm, surgical embolectomy was reserved for patients with total renal parenchymal compromise caused by emboli, whose conditions failed to respond to less invasive treatment modes. PMID- 6230070 TI - Electrocardiographic findings in mitral stenosis. Hemodynamic correlation. PMID- 6230071 TI - [Pulmonary balloon valvuloplasty. Report of a case]. PMID- 6230072 TI - [Initial and late results of transluminal coronary angioplasty. Experience of 3 1/2 years]. PMID- 6230073 TI - Fibroblasts in Huntington's disease. PMID- 6230074 TI - Helicopter pilot back pain: a preliminary study. AB - Because of the high prevalence of back pain experienced by U.S. Army helicopter pilots, a study was conducted to ascertain the feasibility of reproducing these symptoms in the laboratory. A mock-up of a UH-1H seat and control configuration was mounted to a multi-axis vibration simulator (MAVS). Eleven subjects were tested on the apparatus for two 120-min periods. During one period, the MAVS was programmed to reproduce vibrations recorded from a UH-1H in cruise flight. The subjects received no vibration during the other test period. All subjects reported back pain which they described as identical to the pain they experience during flight, during one or more of their test periods. There was no statistical difference between the vibration and nonvibration test conditions (p greater than 0.05) in terms of time of onset of pain or intensity of pain as measured by a visual analog scale. It appears the vibration at the frequencies and amplitudes tested plays little or no role in the etiology of the back symptoms reported by these pilots. It is proposed that the primary etiological factor for these symptoms is the poor posture pilots are obliged to assume for extended periods while operating helicopters. PMID- 6230075 TI - Fibrinogen proteolysis by thrombin, plasmin and platelet release in relation to disseminated intravascular coagulation. PMID- 6230076 TI - Application of a synthetic serine protease inhibitor in the treatment of DIC. PMID- 6230077 TI - Stimulation of cholesterol side-chain cleavage by a luteinizing-hormone-releasing hormone (luliberin) agonist (ICI 118630) in rat Leydig cells. AB - The action of a luliberin (luteinizing-hormone-releasing hormone) agonist (ICI 118630) and lutropin (luteinizing hormone) on the activity of the cytochrome P 450 cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme in rat Leydig cells has been investigated. This has been carried out by studying the metabolism of exogenous (22R)-22- and 25-hydroxycholesterol to testosterone. It was found that both hydroxycholesterols increased testosterone production to higher levels than achieved by lutropin alone. Addition of luliberin agonist but not lutropin was found to increase further the metabolism of the hydroxycholesterol to testosterone; this occurred in the presence of saturating and subsaturating levels of the hydroxycholesterols. This effect of luliberin agonist was potentiated in the presence of lutropin. The protein synthesis inhibitor, cycloheximide, inhibited the luliberin agonist-induced stimulation of the hydroxycholesterol metabolism. At low calcium levels (1.1 microM), testosterone production was increased by addition of (22R)-22-hydroxycholesterol but the luliberin agonist effect was negated. The calmodulin inhibitor trifluoperazine inhibited (22R)-22-hydroxycholesterol-stimulated steroidogenesis and negated the luliberin agonist effect. These results indicate that luliberin agonist specifically increases the synthesis of the cytochrome P-450 cholesterol side chain cleavage enzyme in rat testis Leydig cells. PMID- 6230078 TI - Elevation of cytoplasmic free calcium concentration by stable thromboxane A2 analogue in human platelets. AB - 9, 11-Epithio-11, 12-methano-thromboxane A2 (STA2), a stable analogue of thromboxane A2, caused a rapid rise in cytoplasmic free Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) in human platelets as measured with the fluorescent Ca2+ indicator quin2. Concomitantly, this compound induced phosphorylation of myosin light chain which is catalyzed by Ca2+, calmodulin-dependent protein kinase. These reactions were fast enough to trigger serotonin release. 13-Azaprostanoic acid, a receptor level antagonist of thromboxane A2 inhibited STA2-induced elevation of [Ca2+]i, phosphorylation of myosin light chain and serotonin release. These results provide evidence that STA2 interacts with a thromboxane A2 receptor which leads to elevation of [Ca2+]i. PMID- 6230079 TI - Linoleate incorporation into rat liver membranes phospholipids: effect on plasma membrane ATPase activities and physical properties. AB - Plasma membrane phospholipids were modified by incubation in the presence of linoleyl-CoA with or without added lysolecithin (LPC) for various length of time. In the absence of LPC, a maximum of 10 nmoles linoleyl-phosphatidylcholine (PC) were synthesized and the ATPase specific activities were not affected whereas in the presence of LPC, when linoleyl-PC synthesis rose from 10 to 80 nmoles, the ATPase activities were decreased. The decrease was similar in the Na,K- or in the Mg-dependent-ATPase and reached maximally 30-40%. LPC by itself did not modify the ATPases. A concomitant decrease in DPH polarization was observed when linoleate was incorporated into phospholipids. We concluded that the decreased ATPase specific activities may be due to an increased fluidity of membranes produced by linoleyl- PC synthesis. We compare this modulation of ATPases by the membrane fluidity with the specific effect of linoleyl- PC species on adenylate cyclase. PMID- 6230080 TI - Interaction between histone H1 and non-histone HMG14 detected by chemical cross linking. AB - The interaction between histone H1 and non-histones HMG14 and HMG17 has been studied by chemical cross-linking. Cross-linking kinetics show the appearance of discrete bands which correspond to the interaction between H1 and HMG14. Interaction between H1 and HMG17 has not been detected. PMID- 6230081 TI - The amino acid sequence of an atrial peptide with potent diuretic and natriuretic properties. AB - A 28 amino acid peptide with diuretic and natriuretic activity has been purified from rat atrial muscle. The primary structure of this atrial peptide is H-Ser-Leu Arg-Arg-Ser-Ser-Cys-Phe-Gly-Gly-Arg-Ile-Asp-Arg-Ile-Gly- (sequence in text) Ala Gln-Ser-Gly-Leu-Gly-Cys-Asn-Ser-Phe-(Arg)-Tyr-OH. The biological activity of this peptide is identical to that of atrial natriuretic factor and cardionatrin I isolated from rat atria. PMID- 6230083 TI - In vitro comparison of norfloxacin with nalidixic acid, cinoxacin and oxolinic acid. AB - 1-Ethyl-6-fluoro-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-7-(1-piperazinyl)-3-quinolinecarbo xylic acid (Norfloxacin, MK-0366), a new nalidixic acid analog was shown to be significantly more active against Enterobacteriaceae than nalidixic acid and cinoxacin and about four times as active as oxolinic acid. The compound was highly effective against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MIC less than or equal to 1 microgram/ml). In contrast to the other compounds, norfloxacin inhibited group B and D streptococci, whereas against staphylococci, both norfloxacin and oxolinic acid were shown to be active. The new compound proved to be bactericidal at minimum inhibitory concentrations. Nalidixic acid-resistant strains of various species were less sensitive to norfloxacin than nalidixic acid-sensitive bacteria, although the MICs for these strains remained well within therapeutically obtainable levels. Variants with decreased sensitivity could easily be obtained in vitro with all compounds; however, high-level resistance was not observed with norfloxacin in contrast to the other three compounds. PMID- 6230082 TI - Purification and complete amino acid sequence of alpha-human atrial natriuretic polypeptide (alpha-hANP). AB - The present survey for natriuretic factors in human atrial extract was performed by using in vitro assay for the relaxant effect on the contractility of chick rectum. Three distinct components (alpha, beta and gamma) of a potent relaxant activity were found in the chromatographic regions of the crude extract. As alpha component of Mr 3,000 daltons, a 28-amino acid peptide has been isolated in a pure state and found to elicit potent diuretic and natriuretic activities as well as vasorelaxant activity, when injected into the assay rats. Accordingly, we proposed a name "alpha-human atrial natriuretic polypeptide (alpha-hANP)" for the peptide. The complete amino acid sequence of the peptide has been established by microsequencing as well as synthesis. PMID- 6230084 TI - [Transitory abnormal myelopoiesis of the monoblastic form in a newborn infant with Down's syndrome and liver cirrhosis]. AB - A case of 5-day old newborn infant with trisomy 21, who presented a leucocytosis (151 000/ml) with 60% of monoblasts and marked hepatosplenomegaly is reported. Transient abnormal myelopoiesis (TAM) was retained. TAM regressed spontaneously. However the baby died at the age of 50 days. The autopsy showed extramedullary hematopoiesis with marked monocytosis and liver cirrhosis of neonatal hepatitic origin. The pathogenesis of TAM in this case was discussed. PMID- 6230085 TI - Electrocardiogram of the month. Sinus tachycardia. PMID- 6230086 TI - Increased feeding by rats after subdiabetogenic streptozotocin treatment: a role for insulin in satiety. AB - Rats given streptozotocin showed varying degrees of glucose intolerance, ranging from mild to overt symptoms of diabetes mellitus. After being deprived of food overnight, both mild and overt diabetics consumed more food than controls did during 5-hr or 7-hr feeding tests. All animals ate large amounts of food during the first hour of the tests, but both groups of diabetics began to eat again sooner than controls did. Rats demonstrating the greatest degree of glucose intolerance before the test ate the most during the test. These and other findings suggest that feeding by diabetic rats after an overnight fast is an inverse function of their residual capacity for glucose utilization, which occurs despite elevations in blood glucose levels, and is not simply a compensatory response to glucose loss in urine. A modified glucostatic hypothesis is proposed in which insulin may normally promote satiety by influencing peripheral metabolism and making ingested calories utilizable. PMID- 6230087 TI - [Levels of glutathione and anaerobic glycolysis in the kidney and liver of rats treated with chloroethanol]. AB - Chloroethanol administration produces in rats a strong fall of glutathione levels in liver and kidney tissues. In liver, such a modification does not imply alterations in the levels of glucose, glucose-6-phosphate, fructose-6-phosphate, fructose-1,6-biphosphate, lactate and pyruvate and in the glycolytic activity. In kidney, the glycolytic activity does not result modified, while it appears a reduction in levels of glucose, glucose-6-phosphate, fructose-1,6-biphosphate and triose phosphates and a remarkable increase of pyruvate. The administration of chloroethanol produces a strong fall of glutathione in the soluble and nuclear fractions of liver and in the soluble and mitochondrial fractions of kidney. PMID- 6230088 TI - [Local blood flow and bone uptake of methylene-diphosphonate-technetium-99m. 2]. PMID- 6230089 TI - [Renal excretion of methylene-diphosphate-technium-99m. Preliminary observations]. AB - The purpose of this study is to elucidate the mechanism of the renal excretion of 99mTc-MDP in man. We compared the renal clearance of 99mTc-MDP and 51Cr-EDTA (glomerular filtration rate agent). Since the 99mTc-MDP is bound to the plasma protein, the free fraction was calculated by dialysis. The clearances were obtained by single-injection technique. The plasma disappearance of the tracers was resolved into three exponential functions and area was calculated. The clearance was calculated by dividing the amount of the tracers excreted during the first four hours and the plasma area. In this study no difference was found in the clearance of the two agents. These findings suggest that the renal excretion of diphosphonate is related to the glomerular filtration rate. PMID- 6230090 TI - Resistance to fracture in posterior composites. Measurement of their fracture toughness and a comparison with other restorative materials. PMID- 6230091 TI - Nitrous oxide dosage in relative analgesia. PMID- 6230092 TI - Positive T wave overshoot as a sign of ventricular enlargement. AB - A consecutive series of 86 patients with an inverted T wave showing terminal positivity (overshoot) of a specific pattern in the resting electrocardiogram were studied. Patients with bundle branch block or electrocardiographic evidence of acute infarction and those taking digoxin or a similar drug were excluded. In 67 patients the heart was examined by echocardiography and in a further two by direct inspection. Sixty six of the 69 patients had an abnormal thickness of the left (or right) ventricle or a calculated left ventricular mass greater than 200 g. Seven of the patients examined by echocardiography had clinically pure ischaemic heart disease; all showed evidence of left ventricular enlargement. In only 39 of the 63 patients with anatomical evidence of left ventricular hypertrophy or dilatation did the electrocardiogram satisfy the standard voltage criterion of left ventricular hypertrophy. In the absence of acute infarction, bundle branch block, or digitalisation positive T wave overshoot of the pattern described is a sign of increased ventricular mass. PMID- 6230093 TI - Deficient recovery from potentially lethal damage in some gamma-irradiated human fibroblast cell strains. AB - The repair of potentially lethal damage following treatment with gamma radiation was investigated in human fibroblasts held in a non-cycling state by maintenance in a medium containing 0.5% foetal calf serum. Normal cells were found to be competent in the repair of PLD. Ataxia-telangiectasia cells were deficient as was a heterozygote suggesting that a failure to repair PLD may make it possible to detect such heterozygotes. Fibroblasts from Huntington's disease patients were either slightly or no more sensitive than cells from normal individuals. Cultures from two individuals in the former class showed limited capacity to repair PLD but cells from the latter class were as competent as normals. Thus assays of radiosensitivity where conditions allow for the repair of PLD may maximise small differences in sensitivity. Cells taken from three patients suffering from Basal Cell Naevus Syndrome were also shown to be defective in the repair of PLD. The existence of such a defect may be related to the increased frequency of basal cell cancer observed in exposed fields following irradiation of such individuals. PMID- 6230094 TI - Inhibitors of poly (ADP-ribose) synthesis enhance radiation response by differentially affecting repair of potentially lethal versus sublethal damage. AB - The effect of nicotinamide and m-aminobenzamide, representative inhibitors of poly(ADP-ribose) synthesis, on the survival of V79 Chinese hamster cells following ionizing radiation was studied in plateau- and log-phase cultures. In plateau-phase, after an acute dose of X-rays, nicotinamide partially inhibited the repair of potentially lethal damage that occurs when the plating of such cells is delayed. The incompleteness of the inhibition was attributed to the slowness of the uptake of nicotinamide by unfed plateau-phase cells. Postirradiation incubation of log-phase cells with either of these inhibitors caused a pronounced enhancement of the radiation response which was reflected mainly by a reduction of the shoulder on the survival curve. However, the ability of such treated cells to repair sublethal damage was hardly affected as demonstrated by the reappearance of the shouldered survival curve during a fractionation interval. NAD levels in irradiated cells were rapidly reduced. This reduction was somewhat slower in a radiation sensitive mutant and was almost completely blocked in the presence of m-aminobenzamide. Another treatment that enhances the radiation response, i.e., incubation in D2O medium, facilitated the rate of NAD depletion in irradiated cells. We conclude that inhibitors of poly(ADP-ribose) synthesis inhibit the repair of potentially lethal damage in plateau-phase as well as in log-phase cells with little if any effect on the repair of sublethal damage. Poly(ADP-ribose) appears, therefore, to have a role in the repair of radiation damage that is potentially lethal in mammalian cells. PMID- 6230095 TI - Inflammation due to intra-cutaneous implantation of stratum corneum. AB - Fragments of sterile heel callus and suspensions of human corneocytes were implanted or injected intra-cutaneously into flank skin of guinea pigs. A mixed cellular type of inflammation was produced characterized by the accumulation of polymorphonuclear leucocytes in the early stages and a more granulomatous picture in the later stages. Epithelial hypertrophy and follicular distortion with transepidermal elimination was a frequent accompaniment. Immunoglobulins and the complement component C3 were found scattered irregularly in the inflammation produced and were not thought to be important in the process. The inflammation produced closely emulated the changes observed in acne inflammation and after rupture of horn containing cysts. It is suggested that inflammation caused by the implantation of horn may be suitable for study of human skin disease in which horny debris is released into the dermis, such as acne. PMID- 6230096 TI - Mechanisms of pustule formation in cutaneous bacterial and viral infections: alterations of neutrophil membrane surface receptors. AB - Changes in membrane surface receptors have been demonstrated by rosetting methods in polymorphonuclear leukocytes obtained from the pustules of different infectious dermatoses. There was a distinct difference in numbers of receptors in neutrophils from bacterial and viral pustules, i.e., C3b receptors were decreased on neutrophils from both bacterial and viral pustules, whereas IgG-Fc receptors were decreased only in neutrophils from viral pustules. The difference appears to be due to variations in the defence mechanisms against the invading micro organisms. PMID- 6230097 TI - Increased ratio of helper to suppressor T cells in alopecia areata. AB - We studied lymphocyte subsets in the blood of twenty-four patients with alopecia areata of various degrees of severity. There was an increase in the ratio of helper to suppressor cells that correlated with the extent of the disease, providing further evidence that the immune system may be involved in its pathogenesis. PMID- 6230098 TI - Dynamics of Langerhans cells in genetically defined murine epidermal cell culture. AB - Unlike keratinocytes, Langerhans cells express both surface ATPase activity and Ia (HLA-DR) antigens. A well-characterized in vitro system containing Langerhans cells would be of great use in elucidating their functions. Thus, epidermal cell cultures derived from neonatal Balb/c mice were examined for the presence of Langerhans cells. Twenty-four hours after initiation of culture, ATPase- and Ia positive cells were seen to be associated with cell aggregates. By day 3, Langerhans cells migrated on to the substratum and, as the cultures matured and stratified, were seen both in groups and as single cells for the duration of the cultures (day 14). During culture, although the total number of cells increased, the percentage of cells expressing Ia antigen and ATPase activity remained constant, suggesting that Langerhans cells increase in number during cell culture. Such a situation could arise from actual division of Langerhans cells during culture or from latent expression of Ia antigen and ATPase activity by pre existing cells. This is the first study of the dynamics of Langerhans cells in a cell culture system and shows that Langerhans cells are present throughout the lifespan of the cultures. PMID- 6230099 TI - Immunoblastic lymphadenopathy with early onset in two boys: immunohistochemical study and indication of decreased proportion of circulating T-helper cells. AB - Two boys, 5 and 18 years old, had had frequent infections from their second month of life and had later suffered from generalized lymphadenopathy, intermittent maculopapular exanthema, anaemia, and weight loss. Histopathological features of lymph nodes were consistent with immunoblastic lymphadenopathy. Immunohistochemistry showed hyperimmune state with numerous T cells and macrophages along with selective polyclonal IgM-producing cell response in one patient, and IgG- and IgM-producing cells in the other. Both had severe deficiency of serum IgA. Classification of T-cell subsets (OKT4+ and OKT8+) in peripheral blood indicated an imbalance with a relative excess of putative suppressor cells (OKT4+/OKT8+ less than 1; normal, 1.7). It is suggested that decreased T-helper cell activity may explain the observed maturational defects in the B-cell system which probably underlie a hyper-reactive state induced by some sort of triggering, e.g. chronic infection. During steroid treatment the general condition improved remarkably and the lymphadenopathy and hepatosplenomegaly decreased, but the T-cell subset proportions and the serum immunoglobulin levels remained unchanged. PMID- 6230100 TI - Fetal cephalometry by ultrasound as a screening procedure for the prenatal detection of Down's syndrome. AB - Infants and children with Down's syndrome have a cephalic index (ratio of biparietal to occipitofrontal diameter) higher than that in normal children. To determine whether this difference is present and detectable by ultrasound measurement of the second-trimester fetal head, we calculated the cephalic indices for 308 normal fetuses and eight fetuses with a 47, +21 karyotype. The mean cephalic index in the fetuses with Down's syndrome (0.829, SD 0.033) was indistinguishable from that in the normal fetuses (0.825, SD 0.042). These data suggest that the documented difference in mean cephalic index between liveborn children with Down's syndrome and normal control children is not detectable in the mid-gestation fetus and that ultrasound cephalometry alone is unlikely to discriminate reliably between normal and affected fetuses. PMID- 6230101 TI - The advantage of antenatal diagnosis of intestinal and urinary tract malformations. AB - In a 24-month prospective screening programme 6020 pregnant women were examined with diagnostic ultrasound at 17 and 32 weeks gestation. In a total of 23 (0.38%) abnormalities, four cases of urinary tract and two of intestinal tract abnormalities were discovered. The antenatal diagnosis influenced the management of these disorders both before and after birth. PMID- 6230103 TI - Enzyme-bound intermediates in the conversion of glucose 1-phosphate to glucose 6 phosphate by phosphoglucomutase. Phosphorus NMR studies. AB - The interactions between metal ions and the phospho form of rabbit muscle phosphoglucomutase (EC 2.7.5.1) have been studied by 31P NMR. In the metal-free enzyme, the width at half-height of the 31P signal is 10 +/- 1 Hz at 81 MHz. In enzyme-Cd2+ complexes, the presence of spin-spin coupling with 113Cd2+ (J113Cd-O 31P = 16 Hz) and the absence of such splitting with 114Cd2+ indicate that Cd2+ binds directly to the enzymic phosphate. The absence of detectable splitting on transfer of the phosphate group to the acceptor hydroxyl group of bound glucose 1 phosphate, or glucose 6-phosphate (to give the 113Cd2+ complex of the dephospho enzyme and glucose 1,6-bisphosphate), indicates that this transfer eliminates the direct metal ion-phosphate interaction. The enzyme-catalyzed reaction is slowed sufficiently by the addition of Li+ to allow studies of three discrete intermediate complexes by NMR techniques: glucose 1-phosphate bound to the phosphoenzyme, glucose 1,6-bisphosphate bound to the dephosphoenzyme (only one complex of this type was observed), and glucose 6-phosphate bound to the phosphoenzyme. Complete assignments of the phosphorus resonances of these intermediates have been made by labeling the phosphate ester group of either the enzyme or the sugar with 17O and by NMR polarization transfer studies. The effect of bound metal ions on these resonances also was determined. A 31P NMR titration study of the Li+ complex of the dephosphoenzyme with glucose 1,6-bisphosphate and a 31P NMR polarization transfer experiment indicate that beta-glucose 1,6 bisphosphate binds to the enzyme less tightly than alpha-glucose 1,6 bisphosphate.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6230102 TI - Pathogenesis of Mooren's ulcer: some new concepts. AB - Mooren's ulcer is a chronic, painful corneal ulceration of unknown aetiology. Recent histological and immunological studies suggest an autoimmune basis. It is now becoming clear that the immune system plays an intricate role in maintaining homoeostasis in health and disease. Regulation of the immune response appears to involve a subset of peripheral blood T lymphocytes known as suppressor cells. A qualitative or quantitative deficiency of suppressor cells may therefore be responsible for chronic inflammation, autoimmune disease, and immunodeficiency states. To explain the reported immunological aberrations the number of suppressor T cells in addition to other immunological parameters were studied in a patient with bilateral Mooren's ulcers. A deficiency of suppressor T cells was found in the peripheral blood. This deficit in the immunoregulatory mechanism explains some of the immunological abnormalities reported in previous studies. Furthermore this study provides additional evidence for an autoimmune aetiology. In the light of these findings the possibility of a new line of treatment has been raised. PMID- 6230104 TI - State of translocated Ca2+ by sarcoplasmic reticulum inferred from kinetic analysis of calcium oxalate precipitation. AB - Uptake of Ca2+ by sarcoplasmic reticulum in the presence of oxalate displays biphasic kinetics. An initial phase of normal uptake is followed by a second phase coincident with precipitation of calcium oxalate inside the vesicles. The precipitation rate induced by actively transported Ca2+ is depressed by increasing the added Ca2+ concentration. This correlates linearly with the reciprocal of precipitation rate. Therefore, a maximal limit rate could be extrapolated at zero Ca2+ (V0). The rate of precipitation, also a function of added amount protein, gives a linear correlation in a double reciprocal plot. Thus, it was possible to estimate the maximal precipitation rate occurring at infinite protein concentration (V infinity). With the combined extrapolated values a maximal expected precipitation rate could be calculated (V infinity 0). Kinetics of calcium oxalate precipitation was studied in the absence of calcium uptake and empirical equations relating the rate of precipitation with the added Ca2+ were established. Entering V infinity 0 in the equations, an internal free Ca2+ concentration of approx. 2.5 mM was estimated. Additionally, it is shown that the ionophore X-537A does not suppress the Ca2+ uptake, if added during the oxalate-dependent phase, albeit the uptake proceeds at a slower rate after the release of approx. 70 nmol Ca2+/mg protein. This amount presumably equals the internal free Ca2+ not sequestered by oxalate, producing a maximal concentration approx. 14 mM. Taking into account low affinity binding of internal binding sites and the transmembrane Ca2+ gradients built up during the uptake of Ca2+, values of free Ca2+ ranging from 3 to 6 mM, approaching those estimated by the precipitation analysis, could be estimated. PMID- 6230105 TI - Effects of phenothiazines on inhibition of plasma membrane ATPase and hyperpolarization of cell membranes in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AB - The transmembranal potential, in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, has been calculated from the distribution ratio of the lipophilic cation tetraphenylphosphonium (TPP+) between the intracellular and extracellular water. Trifluoperazine at concentrations of 10 to 50 microM, caused a substantial increase in the membrane potential (negative inside). This increase was observed only in the presence of a metabolic substrate and was eliminated by the addition of the protonophores 2,4 dinitrophenol and sodium azide, removal of glucose, replacement of glucose by the nonmetabolizable analog 3-O-methyl glucose, or by the addition of 100 mM KCl. An increase in 45CaCl2 accumulation from solutions of low concentrations (1 microM) was observed under all conditions where membrane potential was increased. Proton ejection activity was monitored by measurements of the rates of the decrease in the pH of unbuffered cell suspensions in the presence of glucose. Trifluoperazine inhibited the changes in medium pH; this inhibition was not the result of an increase in the permeability of cell membranes to protons since in the absence of glucose, trifluoperazine did not cause a change in the rate of pH change generated by proton influx. The activity of plasma membrane ATPase was measured in crude membrane preparations in the presence of sodium azide to inhibit mitochondrial ATPase. Trifluoperazine strongly inhibited the activity of the plasma membrane ATPase. The effect of phenothiazines on transport and on membrane potential reported in this study and in the previous one (Eilam, Y. (1983) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 733, 242-248) were observed only in the presence of a metabolic substrate. The possibility that energy is required for the uptake of phenothiazines into the cells was eliminated by results showing energy independent uptake of [3H]chlorpromazine. The results strongly suggest that phenothiazines activate energy-dependent K+-extrusion pumps, which lead to increased membrane potential. Increased influx of calcium seems to be energized by membrane potential, and therefore stimulated under all conditions where membrane potential is increased. The analog which does not bind to calmodulin, trifluoperazine sulfoxide, had no effect on the cells, but the involvement of calmodulin in the processes altered by trifluoperazine cannot as yet, be determined. PMID- 6230106 TI - Imipramine binding site. Temperature dependence of the binding of 3H-labeled imipramine and 3H-labeled paroxetine to human platelet membrane. AB - The characteristics of 3H-labeled imipramine and 3H-labeled paroxetine binding to human platelet membranes were determined at various temperatures between 0 and 37 degrees C. Both paroxetine and imipramine probably bind to the same molecular complex in the platelet membrane, but the binding characteristics are different for the two molecules. The dissociation constant (Kd) for imipramine increases from 0.3 nM to 7.0 nM with increasing incubation temperature in a continuous way, whereas Kd for paroxetine is almost constant, about 0.05 nM, between 0 and 19 degrees C, and first begins to increase from 0.06 nM to 0.16 nM between 20 and 37 degrees C. This suggests that the binding of paroxetine to the binding site induces a conformational change in the molecular complex of the binding site, whereas the binding of imipramine takes place without conformational changes in the binding site. PMID- 6230107 TI - Seminal plasmin, an antimicrobial protein from bull semen, inhibits gene expression in E. coli. AB - RNA synthesis in Escherichia coli was immediately inhibited after addition of seminal plasmin, an antimicrobial protein from bull semen. RNA synthesis progressively decreased within 12 min and then ceased completely. In contrast, protein synthesis was not affected within the first 12 min, but thereafter became progressively inhibited. Inhibition of RNA synthesis by seminal plasmin in E. coli interfered with induction of beta-galactosidase by isopropyl-beta-D thiogalactoside (IPTG). This implied inhibition of beta-galactosidase mRNA synthesis by seminal plasmin in vivo. The sensitivities of total in vivo RNA synthesis and beta-galactosidase mRNA synthesis against seminal plasmin were found to be similar. Seminal plasmin had no effect on the uptake of the inducer IPTG by E. coli cells. PMID- 6230108 TI - Effects of adduct formation on the biological activity of single- and double stranded oX174 DNA, modified by N-acetoxy-N-acetyl-2-aminofluorene. AB - In order to establish a good quantitative relationship between the number of acetylaminofluorene adducts and the extent of inactivation of DNA, single stranded (ss) oX174 DNA and oX174 RF DNA were modified to various extents with 3H labelled N-acetoxy-N-acetyl-2-aminofluorene (N-AcO-AAF) and subsequently transfected to Escherichia coli spheroplasts having different repair capabilities. Exponential survival curves were obtained. In the case of ssDNA about one adduct per molecule appears to be lethal. On the other hand only 1 out of 10.2 adducts is found to inactivate RF DNA if tested on wild-type E. coli. However, when assayed on strains deficient in excision repair 1 out of 2.3 adducts leads to inactivation of RF DNA. RecA-dependent postreplication repair only has little influence on these figures. Product analysis of the modified DNAs shows that in RF DNA at least 76% of the interaction products is N-(deoxyguanosin 8-yl)-N-acetyl-2-aminofluorene (dGuo-C8-AAF) and at least 6% and at most 12% is 3 (deoxyguanosin-N2-yl)-N-acetyl-2-aminofluorene (dGuo-N2-AAF). In ssDNA only dGuo C8-AAF is formed. No apurinic sites could be detected in the modified DNAs. From these results it can be concluded that in RF DNA most of the dGuo-C8-AAF is removed by excision repair. The remaining damage, consisting probably both of dGuo-N2-AAF and unexcised dGuo-C8-AAF, inactivates RF DNA. Inactivation can be explained by a model which shows that only damage in the minus strand of RF DNA inhibits replication and/or transcription. PMID- 6230109 TI - Isolation and characterization of an asparagine-linked keratan sulfate from the skin of a marine teleost, Scomber japonicus. AB - Keratan sulfate was isolated from the skin of Pacific mackerel (Scomber japonicus) after exhaustive digestion with pronase followed by ethanol precipitation and fractionation on a cellulose column with 0.3% recovery of dried material. The keratan sulfate preparation was separated into four major fractions by Dowex-1 column chromatography. The chemical and infrared spectrum analyses of the four fractions showed a high degree of heterogeneity in sulfation. Since the carbohydrate-peptide linkage in the teleost skin keratan sulfate was found to be stable in alkali, and asparagine was the predominant amino acid, the asparagine residue in the peptide backbone was most likely to be involved in the N-glycosyl linkage with the carbohydrate moiety. Besides the type of carbohydrate-peptide linkage, the teleost skin keratan sulfate is very similar to corneal keratan sulfate (keratan sulfate I) in two respects: (1) The teleost skin and bovine corneal keratan sulfates were hydrolyzed much faster by endo-beta-galactosidase than the whale nasal cartilage keratan sulfate (keratan sulfate II). (2) Although the teleost skin keratan sulfate showed considerable polydispersity, the molecular weight was in the same range as the corneal keratan sulfate, and it was relatively higher than that of the cartilage keratan sulfate. PMID- 6230110 TI - Intestinal epithelial cell differentiation-related changes in glycosyltransferase activities in rats. AB - Intestinal epithelial cells differentiate as they migrate from the crypt-to villus tip. A ten-fraction crypt-to-villus gradient of epithelial cells from rat small intestine was prepared and homogenates assayed for three glycosyltransferases involved in elongation of asparagine-linked oligosaccharides. The N-acetylglucosaminyltransferases I and II (enzymes which attach N-acetylglucosamine to either the 3' or 6' core mannose, respectively) were assayed with structurally-defined glycopeptides as specific acceptors and galactosyltransferase was assayed with asialo, agalactosylfetuin (galactose is attached to exposed N-acetylglucosamine termini). Inhibitors of glycosidases and pyrophosphatases were included in the assays to minimize effects of breakdown of substrate or product. The results indicate the N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase I shows a gradient of activity increasing from a low at the villus tip to a peak in the lower crypt region. In contrast, N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase II showed two peaks of activity, one in the villus zone and another in the upper crypt region. Galactosyltransferase activity also defined a gradient quite similar to that observed for N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase I, its specific activity being highest in the crypt cells. The specific activity levels of the three enzymes correlated with the apparent order of their action: N acetylglucosaminyltransferase I much less than N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase II much less than galactosyltransferase. These results suggest a developmental regulation of the glycosyltransferases involved in oligosaccharide chain elongation of glycoproteins during intestinal cell differentiation. PMID- 6230111 TI - [Effect of plasmin on the efferent sympathetic activity in rats and rabbits]. AB - The change of efferent sympathetic activity at intravenous administration of plasmin and perfusion of the isolated carotid sinus hes been studied in experiments on rabbits and rats. The correlation between changes of biochemical blood parameters and changes of its activity has been noted. The maximum hypercoagulative effect conforms to maximum increase of sympathetic activity as at intravenous administration so at perfusion. An increase of the efferent sympathetic activity is much higher in case of intravenous plasmin administration than in perfusion of the isolated carotid sinus. PMID- 6230112 TI - Development of enzymes of energy metabolism in rat heart. AB - The behavior of several enzymes was studied during rat heart development (4 days before birth to adult stage). Hexokinase has its highest activity during the fetal period; it decreases at birth and remains with low activity in the adult. The alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase and alpha-glycerophosphate oxidase profiles are similar up to the 15th day of development. From there onwards, both profiles diverge, the cytoplasmic activity increasing 3-fold, while the mitochondrial activity remains unchanged. The developmental profiles of the malate dehydrogenases are almost parallel. The development of citrate synthase and succinate dehydrogenase results in a 2- to 4-fold increase in their activities. However, ATPase increases dramatically (20-fold) over the same period. With respect to the enzymes of the adenine nucleotide metabolism, adenylate kinase is fully expressed throughout all ages examined, showing no variation during development. AMP deaminase and creatine kinase increase during development, the cytoplasmic creatine kinase reaching a high level at birth whereas the increases of the mitochondrial enzymes take place gradually during development. PMID- 6230114 TI - Detection of fluoropyrimidines and their metabolites in biological samples by fluorine-19 NMR: application to 5'-deoxy-5-fluorouridine. PMID- 6230113 TI - Potential and K+ activity in skinned muscle fibers. Evidence against a simple Donnan equilibrium. AB - It has been suggested that potentials measured with conventional microelectrodes in chemically or mechanically skinned muscle fibers arise from a Donnan equilibrium due to myofilament fixed charges. This hypothesis was tested in mechanically skinned frog (Rana pipiens) semitendinosus fibers by measuring the distribution potential (Ed) between fiber and bath with 3 M KCl-filled microelectrodes and the K+ activity gradient (aik/aok) with K+ ion-selective microelectrodes (KISE). If skinned fibers are a Donnan system, Ed should become more positive as pH is decreased, altering the fixed charge on the myofilaments. Consistent with this expectation, Ed was -4.4, -0.6, and +4.8 mV in ATP containing solutions and -6.5, -2.2, and +8.4 mV in ATP-free solutions at pH 7, 6, and 5, respectively. Donnan equilibrium also requires that all mobile ionic species be in electrochemical equilibrium. In ATP-containing solutions, this was true for K+ at pH 7. At pH 5, however, KISE indicated that K+ was not in equilibrium; average Ed was 5.9 mV positive to the K+ equilibrium potential, and aik/aok was 1.04, while the Donnan prediction was 0.83. In contrast, KISE measurements in ATP-free solutions indicated that K+ was in equilibrium at all pH studied. Skinned fibers in ATP-containing media are not equilibrium systems because ATPase reactions occur. Under our conditions, frog myofibrils hydrolyze 0.4 and 0.08 mumol ATP/min X mg myofibrillar protein at pH 7 and 5, respectively. It is suggested that in the presence of ATP, Ed is a superposition of Donnan and diffusion potentials, the latter arising from differences in the mobilities of anionic substrate and products that diffuse through the charged myofilament lattice. A coupling to diffusion of K+, the predominant counter ion, is required for macroscopic electroneutrality. This coupling may be the origin of the nonequilibrium K+ distribution. PMID- 6230115 TI - Maximal activities of hexokinase, 6-phosphofructokinase, oxoglutarate dehydrogenase, and carnitine palmitoyltransferase in rat and avian muscles. AB - The maximum activities of 6-phosphofructokinase and oxoglutarate dehydrogenase in muscle provide quantitative indices of the maximum capacities of anaerobic glycolysis and the Krebs cycle (i.e. the aerobic capacity) respectively. These activities were measured in red, white, and cardiac muscle of birds and the rat. The activities in the white pectoral muscle of the domestic fowl suggest that the Krebs cycle plus electron transfer could provide only about 1% of the rate of ATP production provided by anerobic glycolysis whereas in pigeon pectoral muscle the predicted maximal rates from the two processes are similar. In contrast to domestic-fowl pectoral muscle, the white rat muscle, epitrochlearis, contains a significant activity of oxoglutarate dehydrogenase, which indicates that the Krebs cycle could provide about 12% of the maximum rate of ATP formation. This may be explained by a higher proportion of type-I and -IIA fibres in the rat muscle compared to the avian muscle. In the aerobic muscles of the rat the maximum activities of carnitine palmitoyl transferase indicate that fatty-acid oxidation could provide a high rate of ATP formation. PMID- 6230116 TI - The beta 2 subunit of human placenta hexosaminidase (Hex) A and B is a non-random association of the two polypeptides beta a and beta b. AB - The subunit structures of placental Hex A and B have previously been assigned as alpha beta 2 and 2 beta 2, respectively. The beta 2 subunit is composed of two non-identical polypeptide chains, beta a and beta b. Purified Hex A and B were fractionated on a chromatofocusing column, and the fractions were reduced and then alkylated with iodo-1-14C-acetamide. The polypeptide chains were separated by polyacrylamide-gel isoelectric focusing. From the radioactivity measurements of the polypeptides a constant value for beta a/beta b was obtained in all the chromatofocusing fractions, demonstrating a non-random structure of (beta a beta b) in each beta 2 subunit. PMID- 6230117 TI - [Heparin secretion by mast cells as an index of the status of the anticoagulant system]. AB - The status of the mast cell population was studied and compared after administration of trypsin or alpha-thrombin in similar molar concentrations. Morphometry disclosed a substantial shift of the mast cell population towards light, heparin-free cells within one minute after alpha-thrombin administration. The index of mast cell saturation with heparin dropped below 1. The maximal heparin secretion was observed at the 5th minute of experiment. The morphometric criteria of the mast cell population returned to basal level in 120 minutes. These data along with a significant increase in the level of complex heparin compounds and plasma thrombin time indicate heparin release as a result of the effector action of the anticoagulation system. No changes were observed in the activity of complex heparin compounds and in thrombin time after intravenous injection of trypsin. It is suggested that high heparin secretion by mast cells may serve as criterion of the active status of the anticoagulation system. PMID- 6230118 TI - Fibrinogen proteolysis and platelet alpha-granule release in preeclampsia/eclampsia. AB - Serial measurements of the plasma concentration of fibrinopeptide A, thrombin increasable fibrinopeptide B (reflecting B beta 1-42), desarginyl fibrinopeptide B, beta thromboglobulin, and platelet factor 4 were made before, during, and after delivery in patients with preeclampsia/eclampsia. The data were correlated with routine coagulation studies, hematologic and renal status, as well as with the clinical manifestations. In 11 patients with mild preeclampsia, there were small increases in the fibrinopeptides at the time of delivery, but no other hematologic changes. In 5 patients with severe preeclampsia/eclampsia, there were marked increases in plasma levels of fibrinopeptides and platelet alpha granule proteins, which correlated in time with the clinical manifestations. When the changes in these patients were compared with those occurring in patients undergoing intraamniotic hypertonic saline infusion, it was noted that: (1) patients with severe preeclampsia/eclampsia usually presented when plasmin action on fibrinogen exceeded that of thrombin; (2) in patients with preeclampsia/eclampsia the increase in fibrinopeptides lasted from 3 to 7 days, rather than for several hours as occurred after the infusion of hypertonic saline, indicating a more persistent stimulus to intravascular coagulation in preeclampsia/eclampsia; (3) severe thrombocytopenia and increased platelet protein levels were seen in these patients and were disproportionate to the degree of increase in the fibrinopeptide A level, suggesting that a mechanism other than thrombin must have contributed to the platelet changes; and (4) in two patients with severe preeclampsia/eclampsia, high desarginyl fibrinopeptide B levels preceded renal insufficiency, possibly reflecting fibrin II formation in renal vessels. PMID- 6230119 TI - Electrophoretic and cytochemical characterization of alpha-naphthyl acetate esterases in acute myeloid leukemia: relationships with membrane receptor and monocyte-specific antigen expression. AB - Alpha-naphthyl acetate esterases (ANAE) were examined by cytochemical and isoelectric focusing (IEF) techniques in 48 cases of acute myeloid leukemia that were classified by conventional morphological criteria. Four main types of ANAE isoenzyme patterns were found by IEF, and comparisons with the expression of membrane receptors (Fc-IgG and C3b) and monocyte-specific antigens (UCHM1, UCHALF, and E11) suggest relationships between ANAE isoenzyme synthesis and distinct myeloid maturational stages. The results further indicate that the blast cells of acute myelomonocytic leukemia (AMML) may represent an immature variant of monocytic leukemia (AMoL) and that morphological examination alone is inadequate in the assessment of monocytic differentiation in acute myeloid leukemias. Inhibition studies of cytochemical ANAE activity with sodium fluoride (NaF) show that the presence of NaF-sensitive or NaF-resistant ANAE enzymes is often unrelated to the diagnostic category of acute leukemia. The results of this study are examined in relation to current concepts of myeloid differentiation, and the application of these findings to the subclassification of acute myeloid leukemias is discussed. PMID- 6230120 TI - alpha-Actinin and vinculin in normal and thrombasthenic platelets. AB - Recently, the contractile protein alpha-actinin was identified in normal human platelets by its antigenic cross-reaction with a monospecific antibody to purified muscle alpha-actinin. In this study, we extend that preliminary identification of platelet alpha-actinin. Amino acid analysis, one-dimensional peptide maps, and silver stain analysis on polyacrylamide gels demonstrate that human platelet alpha-actinin shows a greater degree of similarity to smooth muscle alpha-actinin than to striated muscle alpha-actinin. There is no evidence to suggest that alpha-actinin is a glycoprotein. In addition, we find that thrombasthenic platelets, which are deficient in glycoproteins IIb and IIIa (GPIIb and GPIIIa) contain normal amounts of alpha-actinin, confirming the recent finding that alpha-actinin and GPIIIa are different proteins in human platelets. We demonstrate that both normal and thrombasthenic platelets also contain vinculin, a 130,000-dalton polypeptide found in many cell types at sites of end on attachment of microfilaments to the plasma membrane. Thus, the thrombasthenic defect in GPIIb and GPIIIa does not diminish the content of either alpha-actinin or vinculin. PMID- 6230121 TI - Human megakaryocytes. III. Characterization in myeloproliferative disorders. AB - Abnormal proliferation of the megakaryocytic line was observed in the marrow tissue from patients with myeloproliferative disorders. Megakaryocytes were identified by immunofluorescence using distinct platelet protein markers. Plasma factor VIII antigen (factor VIII:AGN) and platelet glycoproteins IIb and IIIa were detected in normal mature and early megakaryocytes, as well as in a morphologically heterogeneous population of low density marrow cells regarded as atypical megakaryocytes. Atypical megakaryocytes were defined as oval/round 14-35 micron diameter blast-like mononuclear/multinucleated cells bearing platelet protein markers with distinct morphological features, including cytoplasmic vacuolation, variable nuclear/cytoplasmic ratios, and variable cytoplasmic granulation. Atypical megakaryocytes were observed in most chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) patients and in two patients with polycythemia vera, representing between 60 and 1,840 cells/10(4) cells (less than 1.050 g Percoll/cu cm). No atypical megakaryocytes were found in (a) 20 normal controls, (b) two patients with essential thrombocythemia, (c) a patient with thrombocytosis secondary to acute bleeding, and (d) in two patients with CML. Atypical megakaryocytes appear to represent a single-cell population, as demonstrated by a series of double immunofluorescence assays using combinations of five different antiplatelet protein sera. There was a statistically significant correlation between the frequency of atypical megakaryocytes and the presence of immature forms of myeloid cells in blood. Analyses of Fc IgG receptors conducted with two different immunofluorescence systems have demonstrated that phenotypic similarities existed between atypical megakaryocytes and myeloproliferative platelet proteins and differentiation markers on megakaryocytes are useful in elucidating the pathophysiologic alterations occurring in the megakaryocytic compartment in patients with myeloproliferative disorders. PMID- 6230122 TI - Acute megakaryoblastic leukemia in childhood. PMID- 6230123 TI - Autoradiographic analysis of cell proliferation and protein synthesis in the pulmonary trunk of rats during the early development of hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension. AB - The results of this study indicate that both cell proliferation and increased synthesis of extracellular matrix protein contribute to hypertrophy of the rat pulmonary trunk during the early development of hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension. As determined by autoradiography after 3H-thymidine injection, pulmonary hypertension results in increased labelling in all cell compartments of the pulmonary trunk wall, the most dramatic response occurring in the adventitia following 3 days' hypoxic exposure. Autoradiography also demonstrated differences in the degree of incorporation of 3H-proline into extracellular protein between hypoxic (3 and 21 days) and control rats. The major focus of 3H-proline incorporation shifted from the adventitia at 3 days to the tunica media at 21 days, although incorporation was significantly higher at 3 compared to 21 days in all wall compartments. The patterns of hyperplasia and matrix protein synthesis in the extrapulmonary arteries of the rat, as reported here, are distinctly different from those seen in many large elastic arteries during development of systemic hypertension. For example, the hyperplastic response of arterial vessels follows a similar temporal sequence in pulmonary and systemic hypertension. However, the adventitia is the region of the pulmonary trunk with highest cell proliferation in pulmonary hypertension while the media is most affected by systemic hypertension. The relevance of the changing patterns of cell proliferation and protein synthesis in the wall of the pulmonary trunk of chronically hypoxic rats to the structural and biochemical properties of this vessel during the early development of pulmonary hypertension is discussed. PMID- 6230124 TI - Separation of immunoreactive lymphocytes from human pluripotent stem cells (CFU GEMM) by means of counterflow centrifugation. AB - Counterflow centrifugation with continuous monitoring of the output for cell number and cell scatter was used to separate low density (d less than 1.070 g/ml) human bone marrow cells in two fractions: one containing the majority of small size lymphocytes and the other the majority of the larger sized committed progenitor cells. The recovery of the pluripotent stem cells (CFU-GEMM) in the large cell fraction was complete. The mitogenic reactivity of this putative stem cell fraction had decreased to 6% and 11%, of the original value as measured with phytohemagglutinin stimulation and one way mixed lymphocytic culture respectively. Counterflow centrifugation offers a physical separation technique, by which the majority of the immunoreactive cells can be separated from the pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells. PMID- 6230125 TI - [Cancer and immunosuppression : experimental aspects]. AB - The hypothesis that immunodepression favors a carcinogenetic process and thus subsequent tumor development remains controversial in spite of numerous experimental studies. This is due, on one hand, to the difficulty in demonstrating the presence of tumor-associated antigens and, on the other, to the complex immunological mechanisms which lead to the destruction of tumors cells. With respect to immunosurveillance, the present situation can be summarized as follows: the development of virus-induced tumors is under the control of a T-cell dependent system; a T-cell depression (thymectomy, congenital absence of thymus, anti-lymphocytic serum) increases the number of these tumors; chemically induced tumors or spontaneous tumors are under the control of non-specific effectors such as macrophages and NK cells; NK cell deficiency (of congenital origin such as in beige mice) or acquired (chemically induced) increases tumor growth; carcinogens can induce general immunodepression (chemical carcinogenesis) or stimulate specific suppressive cells (U.V. radiation) thus allowing tumors development. The tumors being established, it may itself contribute to an immunodepressive state thus fostering its growth through the activity of: immune complexes; specific or non specific suppressive cells; an increase in the level of alpha 2-globulin immunosuppressive molecules which are present under normal conditions; a release of several factors acting at different levels such as prostaglandin E, anti inflammatory factors acting on monocytes, etc. The apparition of an antigenic and immunogenic tumor heterogeneity due to development of new clones will also modify host-tumor relationships. The complexity of the immunological mechanisms which are involved in the control of tumor growth may explain the variable results of immune prevention and of the immunotherapy of cancer. PMID- 6230126 TI - [Histological contribution to the study of enamel evaginations in the dentin]. PMID- 6230127 TI - Immunoelectron microscopic localization of snRNPs. AB - Small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particles (snRNPs) were identified in nuclear sonicates of Novikoff hepatoma ascites cells and in intact Novikoff hepatoma and PtK2 cells by immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy. Auto-antibodies (anti-Sm and anti-RNP) obtained from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus an autoimmune disease, were used to localize snRNP particles. The Sm antibody is specific for U1, U2, U4, U5 and U6 containing snRNPs. The RNP antibody is specific for only U1 containing snRNPs. Isolated particles, 120 +/- 10 A in diameter, were found to be associated with ferritin-conjugated goat anti-human antibodies coupled to Sm antibodies. In addition, these particles (snRNPs) were occasionally associated with larger particles measuring 230 +/- 10 A in diameter which are presumed to be hnRNP particles. Double label immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy have shown Sm and RNP antibodies to colocalize in PtK2 cells. However, the perinucleolar chromatin and juxtanuclear envelope chromatin was devoid of RNP immunostaining. Therefore, U1 containing snRNPs do not appear to be in these regions. The Sm antibody localizes in a nuclear network including the perinucleolar chromatin and juxtanuclear envelope chromatin. Cells treated with the drug DRB (5,6-dichloro-1-beta-D-ribofuranosylbenzimidazole), which inhibits hnRNA synthesis, show an altered pattern of Sm immunostaining. Such cells contain large clusters of snRNPs which do not extend to the perinucleolar chromatin or perinuclear lamina chromatin. Nuclear matrix preparations maintain an snRNP nuclear network as visualized by Sm immunofluorescence. It is notable that the size and density of the immunostained particles in the nuclear network during interphase, is similar to that of interchromatinic granules. PMID- 6230128 TI - [French Society of Cellular Biology. 1st annual seminar. Paris, 20-22 September 1983. Abstracts]. PMID- 6230129 TI - Extrasynaptic accumulations of acetylcholinesterase in the rat sternocleidomastoid muscle after neonatal denervation. Light and electron microscopic localization and molecular forms. AB - Denervated neonatal rat sternocleidomastoid muscle has decreased levels of total AChE when compared to control muscle. Denervated versus control values of total muscle AChE present a three-phase curve in function of time after denervation. There is a rapid initial fall 0-3 days after denervation, an increase during about 2 weeks, then again a decrease in total AChE. Thus, there is a transitory net accumulation of AChE after the initial fall of activity in denervated developing muscle. Extrasynaptic areas of high AChE activity develop between 1 and 2 weeks after denervation and remain visible up to 1 month after denervation before vanishing. An electron microscope study shows that these accumulations are internal to the muscle fiber, close to a limited number of muscle nuclei and associated to the sarcoplasmic reticulum and nuclear envelope, but not to the T tubule system. As found in adult rat muscle, the initial fall in AChE affects first the 16 S AChE form, and soon after, the 4 S and 10 S AChE forms. A main difference with adult muscle is the sudden increase and predominance over other forms of 10 S AChE 2 weeks after denervation at birth. Later, the decrease in AChE affects 16 S and 4 S AChE before 10 S AChE. The regions rich in extrasynaptic sites of AChE accumulation possess a very high proportion of 10 S AChE. Thus, the mechanisms of biosynthesis, intracellular transport and/or secretion of AChE may be very different in young, developing muscle compared to adult muscle. PMID- 6230130 TI - Relationship between microtubules and Golgi apparatus in hepatocytes: a quantitative study during experimental nephrosis. AB - In many cell types, microtubules are preferentially associated with the Golgi apparatus. However, the existence of a functional link between these two organelles is still hypothetical. To gain insight into this question, the relationships between microtubules and the Golgi apparatus were studied in rat hepatocytes during experimental nephrosis induced by the aminonucleoside of puromycin. This condition is known to cause prolonged stimulation of plasma protein production by the hepatocytes. Rats were studied 2, 4, 5, 10 and 20 days after aminonucleoside injection. The amount of albumin was measured in serum and hepatic microsomes by laser immunonephelometry. The volume densities of microtubules around the Golgi apparatus and in the remaining cytoplasm were measured by ultrastructural morphometry. Changes of the Golgi apparatus were analysed by measuring the volume density of the whole organelle and the respective proportion of saccules and vesicles. Proteinuria began 5 days after aminonucleoside injection and was accompanied by a decrease in serum albumin and a rise in microsomal albumin. These changes were still more striking after 10 days, but protein and albumin levels were almost back to normal after 20 days. Concomitantly, the volume density of the microtubules increased significantly around the Golgi apparatus (32% after 10 days), and not in the remaining cytoplasm. The Golgi apparatus was enlarged (80% after 10 days) with a higher ratio of secretory vesicle to saccule volume densities. These results show that additional microtubules are present around the Golgi apparatus during the enhanced production of plasma proteins which occurs in nephrosis. They suggest that in hepatocytes, microtubules play a part in the Golgi apparatus function of plasma protein processing. PMID- 6230131 TI - Morphological study of cell organelles during development. I - The nuclear sac and the endoplasmic reticulum on the rat nephron. AB - The maturation of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of rat kidney tubule cells was studied with an osmium impregnation technique. Thick sections (0.3-0.6 micron) of kidney tissue were made after a five-day impregnation with osmium tetroxide and examined by standard transmission electron microscopy at 80-100 kV. Studies were performed on rat foetuses from 18-21 days of gestation, on newborns, and on 2-20 day old animals. At the undifferentiated stage, only a small percentage of the tubule cells were impregnated; in these, the perinuclear sac was stained and a few nuclear pores were already seen. Rudimentary, but thick canalicular projections seemed to originate from the perinuclear sac and become more extensive with maturity. Flattened saccules appeared later and fenestrations were seen in proximal tubule cells only when they seemed to have reached their functional specialization. In some cells, only the Golgi apparatus was stained. In the distal tubule cells, there was also progressive formation of a network consisting first of canaliculi and later of saccules which were rarely fenestrated. The osmium impregnation technique appears to be useful as an index of the ER organization development. PMID- 6230132 TI - Ribosomal DNA sequences detected in malaria parasites by cytochemical hybridization. AB - A procedure in which fluorochrome-labelled RNA is hybridized in situ to homologous DNA sequences was used to investigate the possible application of this method to the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum. Rhodamine-labelled ribosomal RNA stained the nuclei of the parasites after cytochemical hybridization. This result demonstrates that ribosomal RNA genes can be visualised. It was estimated that the hybridization efficiency was greater than 40%. PMID- 6230133 TI - Changes of arterial blood flow patterns during infusion chemotherapy, as monitored by intra-arterially injected technetium 99m macroaggregated albumin. AB - Arterial catheter tip position and arterial flow was monitored by intra-arterial infusion of 99Tcm macroaggregated albumin in patients treated by intra-arterial chemotherapy. Variations in arterial flow pattern as monitored by macroaggregated albumin perfusion studies were encountered in 16 patients without apparent change in the catheter position as monitored by arteriographic and/or radiographic examinations. Possible mechanisms causing changes in arterial flow pattern include: (a) development of collateral circulation, (b) arterial spasm, (c) progressive arteritis causing thrombi with or without associated spasm, and (d) laminar flow. It is important to recognise that changes in perfusion patterns are not always accompanied by change in the position of the arterial catheter. PMID- 6230134 TI - Medical and social factors influencing admission to residential care. AB - The increasing number of people aged over 75 in Britain makes heavy demands on health and social services. To obtain accurate information for rational allocation of resources to domiciliary and residential services a group of 98 housebound women over 75 were compared with a group of 99 women of the same age in residential care. They had a similar range of physical disorders with the exception that deafness was more common among women in residential care. A much higher proportion in residential care were demented. Though in many respects women in residential care had less physical incapacity, a higher proportion needed help at times of crisis. Important social factors were that women at home were more likely to be living with others, and that the principal helper was more likely to be a husband or relative than a neighbour. Both groups received the same amount of support from home helps and community nurses. Any reduction in the number of residential care places for elderly women whose relatives are not available or are unable to cope would require the establishment of an effective community psychogeriatric service and a system for providing appropriate subjects with 24 hour care and supervision. PMID- 6230136 TI - Autoradiographic evidence for the heterogeneity of 5-HT1 sites in the rat brain. AB - The distribution of the binding sites of a new, potent agonist of serotonin (5 HT), 8-OH-N,N-dipropyl-2-aminotetralin (PAT), was studied in the rat brain with the quantitative autoradiographic technique utilizing tritium-sensitive LKB film. The localization of [3H]PAT binding sites was very similar to that of [3H]5-HT binding sites, except in some discrete regions (choroid plexus, striatum, area preoptica lateralis, subiculum, and substantia nigra), which exhibited very low levels of labeling with [3H]PAT and high levels with [3H]5-HT. These results indicate that 5-HT1 receptors are heterogeneous, and that [3H]PAT recognizes only a 5-HT1 subclass (called 5-HT1A). PMID- 6230135 TI - Studies of rabbit testes infected with Treponema pallidum. III. Immunosuppressive activity of infiltrating mononuclear cells. AB - When mononuclear cells infiltrating rabbit testes infected with Treponema pallidum were cocultured with autologous or homologous peripheral blood lymphocytes spontaneous stimulation and that induced by concanavalin A were suppressed. The inhibition was not due to the cytotoxic effect of the mononuclear cells or to their interference with the active site of concanavalin A (competitive inhibition). The suppressor activity was present in both T and non-T cells but was not affected by pretreatment of the mononuclear cells with indomethacin, a prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor. The suppressor activity may be intrinsic to the mononuclear cells or acquired by the cells in the testicular environment. PMID- 6230137 TI - Identification of dystrophic sympathetic axons in experimental diabetic autonomic neuropathy. AB - Markedly dilated dystrophic post-ganglionic sympathetic axons have been identified by dopamine-beta-hydroxylase immunohistochemistry in the paravascular ileal mesenteric nerves of rats with chronic streptozotocin diabetes. Many axons contained multiple dilatations with interposed axonal segments of near normal dimensions. These axonal abnormalities were absent in control animals. The time course of the development of the axonopathy and its distribution in the alimentary tract correlate with quantitative ultrastructural findings previously reported in this system. PMID- 6230138 TI - [Compensation for occupational diseases: besides the system of assumption of origin should indemnization under the proof system be allowed?]. PMID- 6230140 TI - BCG-induced macrophages as suppressor cells. PMID- 6230139 TI - Aging of natural and acquired immunity of mice. II. Decreased T cell responses to syngeneic tumor cells and parental-strain spleen cells. AB - Cytolytic T lymphocyte (CTL) functions were compared in mice between the ages of 2 and 30 months. The stimulator cells were H-2 allogeneic spleen or tumor cells, parental-strain spleen cells, or syngeneic tumor cells. Effector cells capable of lysing syngeneic tumor cells were shown to be T cells and not NK cells. The cell mediated lympholysis (CML) responses by spleen cells of aged mice were near normal against H-2 allogeneic spleen or tumor cells but were defective against syngeneic tumor cells or parental-strain spleen cells. The defective syngeneic tumor CML response was observed at various responder:stimulator ratios and at various days of incubation. The defect was in the nonadherent, and not in the adherent, fraction of spleen cells. Suppressor cells were detected in spleens of 30 month, but not of 18 month old mice. Aged mice were more susceptible than young mice to small inocula of syngeneic C57BL EL-4 lymphoma cells. The immunogenicity of irradiated spleen cells of old mice had not changed for the F1 antiparent CML response. Splenic CML responses of young mice treated with 89Sr demonstrated a similar pattern, i.e., good responses to H-2 allogeneic stimulator cells but poor responses to syngeneic tumor cells or to parental-strain spleen cells. This loss of certain CTL functions influenced by marrow dependent cells can partially explain the increased susceptibility of old animals to tumors. PMID- 6230141 TI - [Implication of hypothalamic structures in indolaminergic mechanisms of paradoxical sleep]. AB - Intratissue injection of 1 to 20 micrograms of L-5 HTP in numerous areas of the cat brainstem failed to reverse P-chlorophenylalanine induced insomnia. On the other hand, injection of 2 to 7 micrograms of L-5 HTP in the ventrolateral hypothalamus induced both slow wave sleep and paradoxical sleep after 36 and 76 min. PMID- 6230142 TI - Experimental transmission of intestinal coccidiosis to piglets: clinical, parasitological and pathological findings. AB - Twenty-eight piglets coming from a "specific pathogen free" herd were inoculated at three days of age with 50 000 or 100 000 sporulated oocysts of Isospora suis. Fecal samples were examined for oocyst shedding daily and several clinical parameters were recorded. Ten piglets were used as normal controls. Groups of piglets were euthanized from three days to 12 days postinoculation and routine necropsies were performed. Bacteriological, virological, parasitological and histopathological examinations were made on the intestinal tracts. The incubation period was four to five days. Clinical signs and microscopic intestinal lesions observed in the experimentally infected animals were similar to those reported in spontaneous cases of porcine neonatal coccidiosis. Lesions of villous atrophy in the small intestine seemed to result from the destruction of villous epithelial cells mainly during the peak of asexual reproduction which occurred around four to five days postinoculation. Intracellular coccidial organisms were difficult to find during the late atrophic and villous regrowth stages of the intestinal lesions. The prepatent period varied from four to seven days and the most common was five days. Eighty percent of the piglets kept alive more than four days postinoculation have shed oocysts. Piglets dosed with old sporulated oocysts (ten months old) shed many more oocysts than those infected with a fresh inoculum (less than two months old). The patent period was not determined precisely with the design of the experiment but some of the infected piglets shed oocysts for at least five days. PMID- 6230143 TI - Evaluation of a selective medium for isolation of Haemophilus pleuropneumoniae. AB - Crystal violet, lincomycin, spectinomycin and bacitracin were evaluated as selective agents in media for isolation of Haemophilus pleuropneumoniae. No single antimicrobial agent or combination of two or more inhibited all non Haemophilus strains (Escherichia coli, Pasteurella haemolytica, Pasteurella multocida, Streptococcus faecalis, Streptococcus equisimilis and Staphylococcus aureus) without marked suppression of 16 H. pleuropneumoniae strains. A medium containing 1 micrograms/mL of crystal violet, 1 microgram/mL of lincomycin, 8 micrograms/mL of spectinomycin and 128 micrograms/mL of bacitracin inhibited one E. coli strain and the Gram-positive strains while H. pleuropneumoniae strains were suppressed to a minor degree only. Haemophilus pleuropneumoniae was isolated on the selective medium on three occasions from the nose or pharynx of two out of eight experimentally inoculated pigs. Haemophilus pleuropneumoniae was recovered from the nose of only two pigs at necropsy and from tonsil of one, whereas the lower airways in most pigs and the lung lesions in all pigs were positive. There was no advantage to using the selective medium for the recovery of H. pleuropneumoniae at necropsy from these eight experimentally infected pigs, probably because other bacteria were absent or present in very low numbers in the tissues with H. pleuropneumoniae. The isolation rate on selective medium was higher than the rate on non-selective medium (p less than or equal to 0.1; chi 2 test) when the airways of slaughtered pigs were cultured. This was likely due to a high degree of contamination. Dry swabs placed in tryptone yeast extract with nicotinamide-adenine-dinucleotide gave a significantly higher recovery rate than commercial Culturette swabs in modified Stuart's transport medium.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6230144 TI - Factors associated with the determination of antibiotic activity in bovine semen. AB - Rosaramicin, an agent shown to be effective in vitro against ureaplasma of bovine origin was tested as an additive to bovine semen extender. Although some reduction in semen quality occurred it was still deemed satisfactory for use. In a test involving 41 cows inseminated once at estrus with rosaramicin-treated semen (162 mcg/mL) the nonreturn rate was 24% compared to a calculated average for this semen of 63% (n = 3310). The effect of centrifugation, time and temperature was examined in vitro using a combination of 150 mcg of lincomycin, 300 mcg of spectinomycin and 450 mcg of tylosin against ten strains of bovine ureaplasma. This combination has ureaplasmacidal activity and is suggested as an additive to semen extenders for the control of ureaplasma. PMID- 6230145 TI - Inactivation of the scrapie agent by pronase. AB - Scrapie agent derived from infected mouse brain was partially purified by agarose polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The preparation was subjected to treatment with RNase A, DNase I, pronase, sodium dodecyl sulfate and sodium dodecyl sulfate pronase combination. Almost total inactivation of scrapie infectivity resulted when the partially purified scrapie agent was treated with sodium dodecyl sulfate pronase combination whereas the treatment with sodium dodecyl sulfate or pronase alone reduced the infectivity by about 98%. No significant reduction of scrapie infectivity was observed with either RNase A or DNase I treatments. These results confirm that the transmission of scrapie cannot be achieved in the absence of a protein component. PMID- 6230146 TI - Granulomatous lesions appearing during isotretinoin therapy. PMID- 6230148 TI - Helper T-cell lymphoma with marked plasmacytosis and polyclonal hypergammaglobulinemia. A case report. AB - A case of malignant lymphoma with a helper activity of neoplastic cells is reported. On admission, a significant number of plasma cells of polyclonal nature were seen in the peripheral blood, and polyclonal hypergammaglobulinemia was seen. The biopsied lymph node showed poorly differentiated lymphocytic lymphoma with marked proliferation of plasma cells. At the terminal stage, the patient became leukemic in contrast with the disappearance of plasma cells from the peripheral blood. Although the leukemic cells failed to form sheep erythrocyte rosettes, they were considered to be of T-cell origin morphologically. Cytochemically, they had a "dot"-like pattern of alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase and acid phosphatase activity. Ultrastructurally, they had highly convoluted nuclei, and cytoplasmic clustered dense bodies. They showed marked helper activity on pokeweed mitogen-induced B-cell differentiation in vitro. This case may provide a novel view concerning the cause of hypergammaglobulinemia induced by lymphoproliferative disorders. PMID- 6230147 TI - Immunoincompetence in cancer patients. Assessment by in vitro stimulation tests and quantification of lymphocyte subpopulations. AB - The authors performed a variety of lymphocyte-stimulation tests and quantified several lymphocyte subpopulations in 73 healthy controls and 72 patients with advanced cancer who were no longer receiving anticancer therapy. As a group, cancer patients had fewer lymphocytes and helper cells, but a greater proportion of suppressor cells and Ia+ cells than controls. The ratio of helper to suppressor cells was lower in the cancer group. Uptake of 125I-uridine was markedly depressed in cancer patients in the face of stimulation with various plant lectins, foreign lymphocytes, and varicella-zoster antigen. There was little correlation between any of the stimulation tests and any of the lymphocyte subpopulation proportions or numbers. The two tests that were most frequently abnormally low among the cancer patients were percent lymphocytes and number of helper cells (81% each). The most frequently abnormal functional assay in patients was pokeweed mitogen stimulation (59%). Three separate statistical methods selected the combination of percent lymphocytes, percent Ia+ cells, percent suppressor cells, number of helper cells, and pokeweed mitogen stimulation as being the best predictors of cancer/immunoincompetent status. This study confirms the breadth of immunoincompetence in advanced cancer patients as defined by in vitro techniques. A smaller battery of tests can be useful in monitoring the immune status of such patients, especially during therapy with proposed immune modulators. PMID- 6230150 TI - A D-glucosylated form of dextransucrase: preparation and characteristics. AB - Dextransucrase was treated with [14C]sucrose, and the product applied to gel permeation columns. In the absence of the detergents SDS and Triton X-100, poor recovery of enzyme was observed; however, that enzyme which was recovered was labeled. In the presence of detergents, recovery was increased, but the material appeared to be a large aggregate (mol. wt. greater than 5 X 10(6) ). In addition, the ratio of D-glucose to enzyme suggested that a polymer had been formed. Disc gel electrophoresis in the presence of a mixture of SDS and Triton X-100 showed similar results, and indicated that the aggregate was disrupted upon treatment with dextranase. Native enzyme that had been immobilized on hydroxylapatite could also be labeled with [14C]sucrose, and the labeling followed saturation kinetics. The labeled protein could be released from the gel with 8M urea, but was aggregated. Radioactive sugars, free from protein, could be released by heating the labeled enzyme. The sugars released consisted of a mixture of D-glucose with oligosaccharides having an average chain-length of 17 D-glucosyl residues. The significance of these observations is discussed. PMID- 6230149 TI - DNase I inhibitions in tumors of different metastasizing capacities: a possible index of invasiveness. AB - Tumor pairs, selected on the basis of their different capacities to metastasize in vivo (SP73/AS and ASML from the rat, Eb/ESb from the mouse), have been assayed for their membrane associated actin through the DNase inhibition assay. It is found that, provided inhibitions per cell are corrected for the influence of gross heterogeneities in size distributions, the more metastatic tumor cells have significantly higher DNase I inhibitions than their less invasive counterparts. This observation, which extends our previous study of normal recirculating lymphocytes, is rationalized by postulating a participation of these actin pools to a property critical for both normal recirculation and metastatic spreading, arguments are presented which favor cell surface deformability as a possible candidate. PMID- 6230151 TI - A D-glucosylated form of dextransucrase: demonstration of partial reactions. AB - A D-glucosylated form of dextransucrase, whose preparation and characteristics have just been reported in Carbohydr. Res., was employed in a series of studies designed to explore the question of whether the bound sugars participate in the reactions catalyzed by the enzyme. When exposed to maltose, a good acceptor substrate, monomeric D-glucosyl groups were rapidly transferred to the disaccharide, affording a trisaccharide. In the absence of an acceptor, monomeric D-glucose was released from the enzyme by hydrolysis. In a reaction with D fructose, the charged enzyme catalyzed the formation of sucrose. Finally, in the presence of unlabeled sucrose, monomeric D-glucosyl groups were chased into enzyme-associated oligomers. Evidence is also presented which indicates that the various pathways for the bound D-glucosyl groups are competitive. The significance of these observations is discussed. PMID- 6230152 TI - Relative, quantitative effects of acceptors in the reaction of Leuconostoc mesenteroides B-512F dextransucrase. AB - The acceptor reaction of dextransucrase consists of the transfer of D-glucosyl groups from sucrose to other carbohydrates, and occurs at the expense of dextran synthesis. In the present study, solutions of [14C]sucrose and of each of seventeen acceptor sugars were digested with highly purified Leuconostoc mesenteroides B-512F dextransucrase. The products were separated by paper chromatography, and quantitated by liquid scintillation counting. Maltose was the most effective acceptor; its products, members of an isomaltodextrinyl-maltose series (d.p. 3 to 6), accounted for greater than 75% of the D-glucosyl groups of sucrose. Other acceptors giving rise to a similar series of oligosaccharide products were (in order of decreasing effectiveness): isomaltose, nigerose, methyl alpha-D-glucoside, 1,5-anhydro-D-glucitol, D-glucose, turanose, methyl beta-D-glucoside, cellobiose, and L-sorbose. Lactose, raffinose, melibiose, D galactose, and D-xylose each gave a single, mono-D-glucosylated product; D fructose and D-mannose each gave a pair of mono-D-glucosylated (disaccharide) products. Another series of digests contained sucrose and various proportions of maltose. As the level of maltose increased, the size of the largest oligosaccharide acceptor-product decreased, and less dextran was produced. The virtual absence of high-d.p. (8 to 13) oligosaccharide products in all acceptor digests is interpreted as evidence against a role for acceptors as primers of dextran synthesis. PMID- 6230153 TI - [Significance of digital subtraction angiography (DSA) in the evaluation of reconstructive vascular interventions]. AB - The author examined 160 patients by means of digital subtraction angiography (DSA) after reconstructive vascular surgery. The checkup aimed to controlling the functional capacity of arterial and venous bypasses, of thrombal endarterectomy (TEA) and percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA). The image quality of the examinations was good or very good in 138 cases and satisfactory in 19 cases in respect of the questions to be solved. In 3 cases, no information of diagnostic value was obtained. Vascular wall irregularities, stenoses, occlusions, dissections and aneurysms could be assessed with satisfactory display of anatomic details. Evidently DSA yielded a higher percentage of better results in the assessment of reconstructive vascular surgery than was obtained by pretherapeutic diagnosis in the region of the vessels, head, trunk and body periphery. PMID- 6230155 TI - Site-specific polyadenylation in a cell-free reaction. AB - A soluble HeLa cell extract accurately polyadenylates RNA transcribed from DNA templates containing the adenovirus L3 polyadenylation site. Regardless of the length of these DNA templates, the major polyadenylated species had 3' termini corresponding to the in vivo site. Polyadenylated RNA appears after an hour lag and only reaches maximum levels after 4 hr of incubation, a time course similar to that of splicing in this extract. Inhibitor studies suggest that the polyadenylation reaction is not coupled to active transcription. Unlike splicing in this extract where exogenous substrate is processed, addition of purified RNA precursor to the reaction does not yield product polyadenylated at L3 but rather results in addition of poly (A) to termini of the precursor. This suggests that part of the specificity of polyadenylation is established by in situ synthesis of RNA. Surprisingly, synthesis of accurately polyadenylated RNA may involve small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particles (snRNPs). The reaction is inhibited by antisera of Sm and U1 RNP specificities as well as antiserum to the nuclear antigen La, but is not inhibited by control serum and anti-(U2)RNP serum. PMID- 6230156 TI - RNA splicing in Neurospora mitochondria: nuclear mutants defective in both splicing and 3' end synthesis of the large rRNA. AB - We have identified nuclear mutants of Neurospora that are defective in splicing the mitochondrial large rRNA and that accumulate unspliced pre-rRNA (35S RNA). In cyt-4 mutants, the unspliced pre-rRNA contains short 3' end extensions (110 nucleotides) that are not present in pre-rRNAs from the other mutants. This and other characteristics suggest that the cyt-4 mutants may be primarily defective in 3' end synthesis and the RNA splicing defect occurs secondarily as a result of impaired RNA folding. The cyt-4 mutants also accumulate a "short" intron RNA and small exon RNAs that may reflect aberrant RNA cleavages. The 5' end of the short intron is about 285 nucleotides downstream from the 5' splice site at or near the base of the "central hairpin", a putative intermediate in folding of the pre rRNA. Furthermore, the aberrant cleavage sites are immediately after a six nucleotide sequence (GAUAAU) homologous to the final splice junction (GAU/AAC). PMID- 6230154 TI - Ultracytochemical localization of Ca++-ATPase activity in the paraphyseal epithelial cells of the frog, Rana esculenta. AB - Ca++-ATPase activity was studied ultracytochemically (cf. Ando et al. 1981) in the paraphysis cerebri of the frog. An intense reaction was demonstrated on the plasmalemma of the microvilli at the apical pole of paraphyseal cells; in contrast, the basolateral plasmalemma showed only a slight staining. In addition, mitochondria, gap junctions, cilia, and cytoplasmic elements (e.g., microfilaments) displayed Ca++-ATPase activity. Variation of the Ca++ concentration in the incubation medium from 0.1 mM to 100 mM altered the Ca++ ATPase activity of the cell organelles. The substitution of Ca- by Mg-ions resulted in a conspicuous decrease in the enzyme activity, especially on the apical plasmalemma. Ca++-ATPase activity is claimed to be involved in a number of extra- and intracellular functions. In comparison to the epithelium of the adjacent choroid plexus the paraphyseal epithelial cell is thought to be a principal Ca-ion regulator of the cerebrospinal fluid in frogs. PMID- 6230157 TI - Macrophage-derived prostaglandin E modulation of the mixed-lymphocyte reaction: an anomaly of increased production and decreased T-cell susceptibility during tumor growth. AB - One-way mixed-lymphocyte reactions (MLR) were used to assess macrophage (M phi) derived factor-mediated modulation of normal and tumor-bearing host (TBH) T-cell immune responsiveness. Normal and TBH M psi culture supernatants contained the inhibitory substance prostaglandin E (PGE) in concentrations of 10(-8) to 10(-9) M, with TBH M phi supernatant containing approximately twice the amount of PGE as its normal counterpart. Normal and TBH MLR reactivity were both suppressed by the addition of normal host M phi supernatant. However, TBH T cells were less inhibited by TBH M phi supernatant (55%) as compared to normal host T cells (73%). Although dialyzed M phi supernatants were less inhibitory (17-19%) on normal host T-cell MLR reactivity, TBH T-cell responses were enhanced (20-46%). Indomethacin or eicosatetraynoic acid treatment of M phi reduced PGE levels in the supernatants and in general enhanced MLR reactivity. When PGE1 and PGE2 were titrated in the MLR, normal host T lymphocytes were more susceptible to inhibition than were TBH. Concentrations of PGE1 and PGE2 comparable to that found in normal host M phi supernatants caused approximately 38% inhibition whereas whole M phi supernatants decreased MLR reactivity by greater than 70%, suggesting that another factor(s) was necessary to account for the additional M phi-mediated suppression of lymphocyte function. Isoelectric focusing was used to fractionate normal host M phi supernatant. Two factors with isoelectric points in the pH ranges 7.0-8.5 and 4.5-5.0 were inhibitory in the MLR. An enhancing factor was also identified with an pI in the range of pH 6.0-7.0. These data suggest that TBH M phi-derived PGE production was increased over its normal counterpart, but that TBH T cells were less susceptible to its effect and an additional factor(s) was working in concert with PGE. PMID- 6230158 TI - Effector activity of OKT4+ and OKT8+ T-cell subsets in lectin-dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity against adherent HEp-2 cells. AB - The role of OKT4+ and OKT8+ T-cell subsets was studied in lectin-dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity (LDCC) against adherent HEp-2 human epipharynx carcinoma target cells. LDCC was evaluated by detachment from the monolayer of [3H]thymidine prelabeled HEp-2 cells in a 24-hr assay with a concanavalin A (Con A) dose of 25 microgram/ml at effector:target cell ratios of 5:1, 25:1, and 50:1. Under these conditions but without Con A considerable natural cell-mediated cytotoxicity (NCMC) was not elicited; however, the cytotoxicity was significantly augmented in the presence of Con A (=LDCC) by sheep erythrocyte rosette-forming T lymphocytes and by both OKT4+ and OKT8+ T-cell fractions. LDCC activity by isolated OKT8+ T cells was superior to that by OKT4+ T cells and unfractionated T lymphocytes. By contrast, addition of either OKT4+ or OKT8+ T cells together with unfractionated T lymphocytes, or OKT4+ and OKT8+ T cells mixed at ratios of 1:1, 1:2, and 2:1, to target cells did not result in major differences in comparison of LDCC activities by these mixed effector cell populations with each other or with that by unfractionated T lymphocytes. Parallel studies were carried out to determine the effect of OKT4+ and OKT8+ T-cell subsets on the Con A-induced proliferation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). While OKT8+ T cells inhibited the mitogenic response to Con A, OKT4+ T lymphocytes had no major effect. A higher responsiveness of the OKT8+ to OKT4+ T-cell subset in LDCC to HEp-2 targets and in Con A-induced lymphocyte proliferation is suggested. PMID- 6230160 TI - Preventive care for the geriatric dental patient. PMID- 6230159 TI - Phorbol ester-induced changes in human leukemic pre-B lines. AB - The genomic analysis of four non-T-leukemic lines NALM-1, KM-3, NALL-1, and NALM 16 shows a rearranged configuration of the immunoglobulin mu chain genes, indicating that they represent early B stages of differentiation. The differentiative potential of these pre-B cell lines was tested using the phorbol ester tumor promoter 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate (TPA). Phenotypic changes in the immunological marker profile (induction of BA-1 and BA-2 antigens) are observed, presumably reflecting events occurring in precursor B cells. However, no maturation to immunoglobulin mu chain production could be obtained. The limited maturation can be explained on the basis of possible aberrant mu chain gene rearrangements, or other mechanisms of a regulatory nature, preventing the transcription and/or the translation of rearranged mu chain genes. PMID- 6230161 TI - [30 years' experience with isolation media in the diagnosis of gram-negative rod bacteria]. PMID- 6230162 TI - [First experience with the diagnosis of Gardnerella vaginalis]. PMID- 6230163 TI - [Evaluation of the pathogenic significance of E. coli strains]. PMID- 6230165 TI - [A magnesium gas generator for the cultivation of anaerobic microorganisms]. PMID- 6230164 TI - [The incidence of HBsAg in a selected population in Slovakia]. PMID- 6230166 TI - [New aspects of penicillin allergy. Review]. PMID- 6230167 TI - [Contributions to military epidemiology during the 25 years of existence of the Jan Evangelista Purkinje Military Medicine Institute for Research and Continuing Education in Hradec Kralove]. PMID- 6230168 TI - [Study of the ecology of Leptospira in old natural foci in eastern Slovakia]. PMID- 6230169 TI - Asymptomatic omental herniation following laparoscopic sterilisation. PMID- 6230170 TI - Nuclease sensitivity of repair-incorporated nucleotides in chromatin and nucleosome rearrangement in human cells damaged by methyl methanesulfonate and methylnitrosourea. AB - We have examined both the initial nuclease sensitivity and subsequent nucleosome rearrangement of newly repaired regions of chromatin in human diploid fibroblasts treated with methyl methanesulfonate (MMS) and methylnitrosourea (MNU). We initially examined the effect of these two alkylating agents on DNA replicative synthesis. The results indicate that immediately following damage by MMS or MNU, at a concentration of 2 mM, the level of replicative synthesis is 20-25% of the level in untreated cells. In the MMS-treated cells, this suppression of replicative synthesis is short lived and by 15 h after damage the level of replicative synthesis is approximately 3-fold greater than that in untreated cells. This 'latent stimulation' of replicative synthesis was not observed in the cells treated with 2 mM MNU, although the level of replicative synthesis in these cells did approach the level of untreated cells at later times. When these contributions were corrected for, it was found that the nucleotides incorporated by repair synthesis are initially (i.e., immediately following repair synthesis) both staphylococcal nuclease and DNase I sensitive, and are underrepresented in isolated nucleosome core DNA. Using methods previously described by us, we show that the relative nuclease sensitivity of these regions is quantitatively similar to that of newly repaired DNA following damage by u.v. radiation. Furthermore, the relative nuclease sensitivity of newly repaired DNA is initially high regardless of the time after damage that repair occurs (at least for 13 h after damage). This feature is also similar to u.v. induced repair synthesis. Finally, pulse-chase experiments demonstrated that following repair synthesis induced by MMS or MNU rearrangements of chromatin structure take place, and both the rate and extent of these rearrangements are similar to that observed for cells treated with u.v. radiation or bulky chemical carcinogens. Thus, our results indicate that the excision repair induced by these two small alkylating agents is associated with the same overall chromatin structural features as the excision repair of DNA damage induced by u.v. radiation and 'u.v.-mimetic' chemicals. PMID- 6230171 TI - Pericardial adaptations during chronic cardiac dilation in dogs. AB - The manner in which the pericardium adapts to chronic cardiac dilation is not known. Recent work from our laboratory indirectly suggested that the size of the pericardium and/or its pressure-volume relation was altered by chronic cardiac enlargement. To examine this question further, we compared pericardial pressure volume and stress-strain relations, surface area, mass, and average thickness in seven normal dogs and seven with chronic volume overload hypertrophy due to a systemic arteriovenous fistula. Dogs with significant cardiac hypertrophy had an increased pericardial volume at any pressure and a proportionality constant for the slope of the entire curve as determined by nonlinear regression analysis. This was associated with parallel increases in pericardial surface area and mass such that average thickness was unchanged. Stress-strain analysis of the data revealed that the mechanical properties of the pericardium were not significantly different in dogs with chronic cardiac dilation. These results indicate that during chronic cardiac dilation the pericardium enlarges in size and mass. The pericardial chamber is more compliant, although the intrinsic stiffness of the pericardium appears to be unchanged. Further, since pericardial mass is increased, the response to chronic dilation appears to also involve the addition of new pericardial tissue. PMID- 6230172 TI - Complete reversibility of cat right ventricular chronic progressive pressure overload. AB - Chronic, progressive pressure overload of the cat right ventricle produces persistent, ongoing abnormalities of contractile, energetic, and biochemical function in vitro at a time when in vivo pump function is still normal. The present study tested the reversibility of the in vitro changes in this clinically relevant hypertrophy model. Fourteen sham-operated and 14 reversal cats were studied. After banding the animals as 1-kg kittens, right ventricular pressures were normal. Before band removal (25.2 +/- 0.5 weeks later for the control group and 25.5 +/- 0.3 weeks later for the hypertrophy reversal group), systolic right ventricular pressures were 24 +/- 1 mm Hg for controls and 71 +/- 5 mm Hg for the hypertrophy reversal group (P less than 0.05). At study, 19.5 +/- 1.1 weeks after a second sham operation for controls or 18.7 +/- 0.7 weeks after band removal for the hypertrophy reversal group, these pressures were 24 +/- 1 mm Hg for controls and 23 +/- 1 mm Hg for the hypertrophy reversal group (P = NS); cardiac output was 0.18 +/- 0.01 liters/kg per min for controls and 0.19 +/- 0.01 liters/kg per min for the hypertrophy reversal group (P = NS). The ratio of right ventricle to body weight was normal in both groups, as was the right ventricular papillary muscle myocyte cross-sectional area and the myocardial collagen concentration. A right ventricular papillary muscle from each cat was studied at 29 degrees C in a polarographic myograph. Preloaded shortening velocity was 0.79 +/- 0.04 muscle lengths/sec for controls and 0.86 +/- 0.03 muscle lengths/sec for the hypertrophy reversal group (P = NS); extent of shortening was 0.15 +/- 0.01 muscle lengths for controls and 0.16 +/- 0.01 muscle lengths for the hypertrophy reversal group (P = NS).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6230173 TI - Failure of ticlopidine to inhibit deposition of indium-111-labeled platelets on Dacron prosthetic surfaces in humans. AB - In a randomized double-blind trial we sought to determine whether short-term therapy with ticlopidine (250 mg bid for 14 days) inhibited platelet deposition on Dacron aortic bifurcation grafts that had been in place a year or longer. A total of 10 men, 42 to 69 years old, underwent indium-111 platelet imaging during both placebo and drug phases of the trial at 24, 48, and 72 hr after the injection of labeled platelets. Platelet accumulation was quantitated by a graft/blood ratio that compared background-corrected activity of indium-111 labeled platelets in the graft with whole-blood activity of indium-111-labeled platelets. Additionally, blinded qualitative visual analysis of the unprocessed images was used to compare graft area activity with activity in adjacent native arteries. Ticlopidine significantly prolonged the template bleeding time from 5.3 +/- 0.5 to 17.1 +/- 3.1 min (+/- SEM) (p = .003). However, by quantitative analysis there was no significant reduction in platelet deposition in the graft during ticlopidine therapy compared with placebo at 24 hr (graft/blood ratio 2.3 +/- 0.4 vs 2.6 +/- 0.3), 48 hr (3.1 +/- 0.5 vs 3.2 +/- 0.4), or 72 hr (3.9 +/- 0.7 vs 4.0 +/- 0.6) after injection of labeled platelets. By visual analysis, nine patients had positive results for abnormal platelet deposition when on placebo that were unchanged when on ticlopidine. The tenth patient had an equivocal result for abnormal platelet deposition when on placebo and a negative result for abnormal platelet deposition when on ticlopidine.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6230174 TI - Coumadin and aspirin in prevention of recurrence after transluminal coronary angioplasty: a randomized study. AB - To determine the influence of adjunctive treatment with coumadin or aspirin on recurrence rate after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA), 248 patients in whom PTCA was assessed to be a primary success were randomized to either 325 mm aspirin daily or to coumadin treatment sufficient to maintain a prothrombin time 2 to 2.5 times the control value. The follow-up protocol included stress testing and coronary angiographic examinations 3 to 6 months after PTCA. All patients were followed for at least 9 months. Of the 122 patients randomized to coumadin 44 (36%) had recurrent stenoses as opposed to 34/126 (27%) of patients on aspirin, a difference that did not reach statistical significance at the .05 level. However, patients with at least a 6 month history of angina demonstrated a significantly different response to adjunctive treatment in that 19/43 (44%) of coumadin patients as compared with 10/48 (21%) of aspirin patients had recurrent stenoses (p less than .05). Thus, coumadin was not shown to be more effective than aspirin as adjunctive treatment after PTCA, while aspirin was shown to be superior to coumadin in patients with a longer history of angina. PMID- 6230175 TI - Long-term patency of the ductus arteriosus after balloon dilatation: an experimental study. AB - Balloon dilatation of the ductus arteriosus was carried out in vivo in eight piglets that were 12 to 16 days old. The ductus was functionally closed in all animals before dilatation. Long-term patency for periods of up to 6 months after the procedure was demonstrated in six animals by angiography, Doppler ultrasound examination, and at autopsy. The presence of hemodynamically significant shunts was indicated by clinical development of heart failure, pulmonary infections, and left ventricular hypertrophy. These results confirm the value of this laboratory preparation to create left-to-right shunts at the ductus level. PMID- 6230177 TI - Ascitic fluid removal: does it cause renal or hemodynamic decompensation? PMID- 6230176 TI - Protection by ipratropium bromide and metaproterenol against methacholine and histamine bronchoconstriction. AB - To establish relative protection against methacholine and histamine, 40 micrograms of ipratropium bromide, an anticholinergic compound, 1.3 mg of metaproterenol or placebo aerosols were administered by metered-dose inhaler prior to inhalation challenge with methacholine or histamine in nine asthmatic subjects. Double-blind, randomized challenges were performed. Subjects required a mean methacholine dose of 1.72 +/- 0.73 and 2.46 +/- 0.72 (Ln inhalation units), and mean histamine dose of 2.16 +/- 0.65 and 2.68 +/- 0.49, to cause a drop of 20% and 35% respectively in the FEV1 following the placebo. In the methacholine challenges, both ipratropium bromide and metaproterenol had significant protection as compared to placebo (P less than 0.001). There was no statistical difference in the degree of protection against methacholine between ipratropium bromide and metaproterenol. In histamine challenges, metaproterenol had significant protection as compared to the placebo, while ipratropium bromide did not protect against histamine. PMID- 6230178 TI - Severe irritant dermatitis mimicking a basal cell carcinoma. PMID- 6230179 TI - Measurement of heparan sulphate in normal human serum by laser nephelometry. PMID- 6230180 TI - Cardiovascular studies in rats with respect to some functional and structural relationships of relevance in hypertension and ordinary aging. AB - Five current lines of cardiovascular studies in rats are outlined, mainly dealing with some functional and structural relationships of particular relevance for hypertension and ordinary aging: 1. Characteristics of the smooth muscles and their neurogenic control in 'Windkessel' arteries, conduit arteries, precapillary resistance vessels and venous capacitance vessels from normotensive rats (WKY) with comparisons to rats with primary hypertension (SHR). 2. Different types of structural renovascular adaptation, comparing aging with advancing SHR hypertension, with 'high-pressure' and 'low-pressure' kidneys in one-clip, two kidney renal hypertension, and with hypertrophied kidneys in uni-nephrectomized normotensive rats. 3. Relationships between 'structural autoregulation', wall distensibility, vascular reactivity and smooth muscle sensitivity in SHR and WKY hindquarter resistance vessels along with aging. 4. Relationships between wall thickness, luminal dimension and contractility in left ventricles from SHR and WKY during aging, and when one-clip, two-kidney hypertension is superimposed. 5. Interference with the capacity of the neurohormonal mechanisms counteracting blood loss in rats when on chronic low-salt diet. PMID- 6230181 TI - Cell-mediated immunodeficiency in Down's syndrome: normal IL-2 production but inverted ratio of T cell subsets. AB - To get more information on the mechanism of cell-mediated immunodeficiency associated with Down's syndrome, 18 patients were studied for PHA-induced lymphocyte transformation and interleukin-2 (IL-2) production. A normal amount of IL-2 was produced although half of the patients showed decreased blast transformation. T cell subpopulations were studied in some patients with decreased and with normal blast transformation. All studied patients with decreased blast transformation had inverted helper/suppressor T cell ratio. PMID- 6230182 TI - Complement-mediated solubilization of immune complexes. Solubilization inhibition and complement factor levels in SLE patients. AB - Thirty-two of 36 serum samples from 19 SLE patients showed reduced capacity to mediate complement-dependent solubilization of immune complexes (IC). SLE patients with nephritis exerted the lowest complement-mediated solubilization capacity (CMSC) whereas sera from patients with inactive disease gave the highest CMSC values, with three out of four samples within the normal reference range. Thirty-five of the 36 serum samples showed inhibition of CMSC in a newly developed CMSC inhibition assay. The strongest CMSC inhibition was exerted by sera from newly discovered cases of SLE who received no medical treatment and the lowest inhibition by sera from patients with inactive disease. There was a significant negative correlation between CMSC and CMSC inhibition (r = -0.67, P less than 0.001). Sera with low concentrations of C1q, C3, factor B or high C3d levels showed markedly reduced CMSC values. Pronounced CMSC inhibition was observed only in samples with normal or high factor H values. No significant correlation was found between CMSC or CMSC inhibition and circulating IC levels, but pronounced CMSC inhibition was registered only in strongly IC positive sera. PMID- 6230183 TI - Immunoglobulin production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells in patients with alcoholic liver disease. AB - Baseline unstimulated IgG and IgM production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 16 patients with alcoholic liver disease (ALD) was slightly higher than that of normal controls. No significant differences were noted when IgG and IgM production were studied using 7 day cultures of B cells from 25 ALD and 22 normal controls; pokeweed mitogen stimulated IgG and IgM production also showed no difference between 26 ALD and 22 normal controls. B cells from patients with ALD showed marked hyporesponsiveness particularly in IgG production in response to T cell derived helper factors. Pre-incubation of B cells with three different concentrations of alpha-interferon followed by addition of helper factor and 7 day culture showed markedly diminished IgG production in ALD patients as compared with controls. When normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells were pre-incubated with ALD plasmas for 2 h, significant increments in both IgG and IgM production were recorded in comparison to pre-incubations with normal plasmas. The ambient state of B cell activation is considerably different in ALD from normal subjects. PMID- 6230184 TI - Reactivity of inducer cell subsets and T8-cell activation during the human autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction. AB - To characterize the responding T cells in the autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction (AMLR), T cells were fractionated into purified subpopulations employing monoclonal antibodies and a variety of separation techniques including fluorescence-activated cell sorting. It was found that isolated T4 cells, but not T8 cells, proliferated in response to autologous non-T cells. More importantly, within the T4 subset, the autoreactive population was greatly enriched in a fraction reactive with an autoantibody from patients with juvenile chronic arthritis (JRA) or the monoclonal antibody anti-TQ1. Although T8 cells themselves were unable to proliferate in the AMLR, they could be induced to respond in the presence of either T4 cells or exogenous IL-2 containing medium. This was demonstrated by direct measurement of tritiated thymidine uptake by T8 cells during the course of the AMLR as well as by analysis of their relative DNA content. Taken together, these data indicate that the AMLR represents a complex pattern of immune responsiveness distinct from that observed in response to soluble antigen or alloantigen. The precise function of this T-cell circuit remains to be determined. PMID- 6230186 TI - IgA-IgG disease in the intestine of Brown-Norway rats ingesting mercuric chloride. AB - In Brown-Norway (BN) rats, oral administration of mercuric chloride (HgCl2) induced morphological lesions of the ileum and, in lesser degree, of the colon, with abnormal deposits of IgA in the basement membranes of intestinal glands and of IgG in the basement membranes and in the lamina propria. IgG reactive with renal and intestinal basement membranes and in the lamina propria. IgG reactive with renal and intestinal basement membranes and with the lamina propria of a normal BN rat was found in the serum and IgG deposits were present in renal glomeruli of BN rats receiving HgCl2. Thus, it is conceivable that the deposits of IgG present in the intestine resulted from local fixation of circulating autoantibodies. In contrast, IgA with basement membrane reactivity was not detected in the sera nor in the renal glomeruli, suggesting that the intestinal deposits of IgA were formed in situ. This IgA-IgG intestinal disease inducible in BN rats may provide a model for the study of alterations of the secretory IgA system, as well as for testing the possibility that abnormal deposits IgA-IgG in the intestinal structures are associated with local functional changes. PMID- 6230187 TI - Cellular immune responses during complicated and uncomplicated measles virus infections of man. AB - Lymphocytes from patients with measles showed profound and prolonged suppression of proliferative responses to mitogens. The degree of suppression was similar in patients with uncomplicated measles virus infection and in those with pneumonia or postinfectious encephalitis. Despite this suppression, lymphocyte responses to measles antigen and PPD were demonstrated in patients with encephalitis and uncomplicated disease, even early in infection. Most patients with pneumonia did not have demonstrable antigen-specific responses. The proportions of T helper (OKT 4) and T suppressor (OKT 8) cells and functional tests of Con A suppressor cell activity showed no significant difference between control and measles patients but, in contrast to controls, cells from measles patients cultured in the absence of any stimulant significantly suppressed the proliferation of allogeneic responder cells. Nine of 20 supernatant fluids from these cultures possessed a soluble suppressor factor. These studies indicate varied disruptions of immune reactivity during measles. PMID- 6230185 TI - Immunohistochemical characterization of the mononuclear cells infiltrating muscle of patients with inflammatory and noninflammatory myopathies. AB - The immunopathogenetic mechanisms associated with the development of inflammatory myopathies are not well defined. In order to identify cells in affected muscle tissue, mononuclear cells infiltrating muscle biopsies from patients with inflammatory myopathies and controls with other neuromuscular diseases were analyzed in situ by an avidin-biotin immunoperoxidase technique. Serial frozen sections were stained for cells expressing total T, helper-induced T, suppressor cytotoxic T, B, monocyte/macrophage, and HLA-DR phenotypes. A significant increase in the percentage of helper-inducer T cells are noted in the inflammatory myopathies when compared to the disease control group. Furthermore, most of the mononuclear cells in the inflammatory myopathy biopsies were HLA-DR positive, suggesting that the infiltrating T lymphocytes were activated. No significant differences in mononuclear cell distributions were found when the inflammatory myopathy group was broken down into individual groups of patients with polymyositis, polymyositis with associated connective tissue disease, and dermatomyositis. PMID- 6230188 TI - Dacron augmentation in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in dogs. AB - Substitution of the central third of the patellar tendon for the deficient anterior cruciate ligament was performed in 12 dogs (24 knees). In one-half of the knees the patellar tendon grafts were "augmented" with a 4-mm woven Dacron graft. It was hypothesized that Dacron augmentation would protect the patellar tendon graft during its revascularization stages. This was not the case, however. Only once did a Dacron ligament graft demonstrate superiority over the nonaugmented graft; indeed, five of the augmented grafts performed significantly worse. PMID- 6230189 TI - The diagnosis of pneumothorax by radionuclide lung scan. AB - A case of pneumothorax diagnosed by ventilation-perfusion lung scintigraphy is reported. The diagnosis was not suspected clinically initially and a chest x-ray taken before the lung scan was also interpreted as normal. PMID- 6230190 TI - Tc-99m MDP bone scan artefact. Abdominal soft tissue uptake secondary to subcutaneous heparin injection. PMID- 6230191 TI - Accumulation of bone scanning agent in multiple myeloma. PMID- 6230192 TI - Reverse ventilation--perfusion mismatch. AB - Patients having lobar airway obstruction or consolidation usually have decreases of both ventilation and perfusion on lung scans. We report three patients in whom hypoxic vasoconstriction was apparently incomplete, resulting in a "reversed" ventilation-perfusion mismatch. Perfusion of the hypoxic lobe on the radionuclide scan was associated with metabolic alkalosis, pulmonary venous and pulmonary arterial hypertension in these patients. PMID- 6230193 TI - Observations in the study of T-lymphocyte subsets by monoclonal antibodies and flow cytometric analysis in intracranial neoplastic disorders. AB - The combination of monoclonal antibody specific for lymphocyte cell surface determinants indicative of T cell subsets and flow cytometric analysis offers a rapid and reliable method for assessment of T cell populations in various states of health and disease. Applications of this technique to patients with various histological types of intracranial neoplasia has indicated: 1. A significant depression of the total T cell population 2. A relative suppressor-cytotoxic predominance in malignant intrinsic neoplasms 3. A relative helper/inducer predominance in benign extrinsic neoplasms. Application of this rapid assay may offer a practical mode of serial assessment of immune responsively in intracranial neoplastic processes. Further study with assays of immune complexes and suppressor functions are indicated to define the significance of these observations and to provide a more detailed data base for interpretation of results. PMID- 6230194 TI - Rubella myocarditis in a 9-year-old patient. AB - A 9-year-old male with myocarditis is described. A greater than four-fold rise in titers against rubella with a subsequent fall supports the conclusion that his myocarditis was associated with rubella infection. Other than neonates, rubella myocarditis has been reported previously in only six patients, one of whom was a child. PMID- 6230195 TI - Zimelidine-induced variations in alcohol intake by nondepressed heavy drinkers. AB - The effect of zimelidine, a specific serotonin-reuptake inhibitor, on alcohol intake was tested in 13 healthy male, nondepressed heavy drinkers who were randomly allocated to receive zimelidine or placebo in a double-blind, crossover experiment. There were five 2-wk experimental periods (baseline, placebo 1 and 2, and zimelidine 1 and 2). Treatment was discontinued in three subjects due to a suspected adverse reaction and three other subjects dropped out. Thus, 13 subjects participated in at least two experimental drug periods and only 10 participated in all the periods. In the 13 subjects zimelidine increased the days of abstinence and decreased the daily number of drinks consumed, whereas in the 10 subjects only the number of days of abstinence increased. Subjects did not report aversive alcohol-sensitizing reactions. Spielberger state-anxiety test scores and depression scores (Montgomery/Asberg and Hamilton) were low at the beginning and throughout the study. Our data suggest that zimelidine modifies alcohol intake by a different mechanism than previously tested drugs, possibly by modulating the central neural mechanism that controls drinking of alcohol. PMID- 6230197 TI - [Obesity: problems and limitations of therapeutic intervention]. PMID- 6230196 TI - Superior sagittal sinus blood flow in the dog measured by an electromagnetic flow meter. A comparison with a radioactive gas elimination method. AB - A simple method for continuous measurement of superior sagittal sinus blood flow (SSBF) in dogs, using an electromagnetic flow meter around the intact vessel, is presented. This method is compared with a procedure measuring radioactive gas elimination upon intra-arterial indicator injection. A good correlation between the cerebral blood flow (CBF), calculated from the fast component of the elimination curve and SSBF (r = 0.96) was found within a CBF range of 50-200 ml/100 g min. PMID- 6230198 TI - [High-dose vascular antithrombophilic complex in circulatory pathology]. PMID- 6230199 TI - [Use of antidepressive drugs in rehabilitation]. PMID- 6230200 TI - [Clonidine-cyclothiazide combination in the therapy of arterial hypertension. Controlled clinical study after oral administration]. PMID- 6230202 TI - [Analysis of the symptomatologic components of dyspepsia and their response to treatment with different preparations of ursodeoxycholic acid. Controlled multicenter study]. PMID- 6230201 TI - [Polyunsaturated phosphatidylcholine in the treatment of hepatic steatosis]. PMID- 6230203 TI - [Our experience on the use of low-dose calcitonin in osteoporosis]. PMID- 6230204 TI - [Post-menopausal osteoporosis: the role of estrogens in its prevention and therapy]. PMID- 6230205 TI - [Polyneuropathies induced by drugs]. PMID- 6230206 TI - [Failure of diuretic treatment. The most common causes and essential norms of therapeutic management]. PMID- 6230207 TI - Regulation of glycolysis in lizards: kinetic studies on liver pyruvate kinase and phosphofructokinase from Lacerta galloti. AB - Kinetic studies were carried out on pyruvate kinase and phosphofructokinase from the lizard Lacerta galloti. Pyruvate kinase is inhibited by ATP and activated by fructose 1,6-biphosphate giving an hyperbolic saturation curve for ATP without the activator which becomes sigmoidal at saturating concentrations of fructose 1,6-biphosphate, giving a moderate cooperativity with a Hill coefficient of h = 1.72. Binding of fructose 1,6-biphosphate to pyruvate kinase was studied as protection effect against thermal denaturation, this being the most suitable ligand tested to avoid the loss of activity. Phosphofructokinase is inhibited by ATP at millimolar range and activated by AMP and by fructose 2,6-biphosphate, AMP being the more efficient activator. PMID- 6230208 TI - Cerebellum and brain stem atrophy in a child with Huntington's chorea. AB - An 11-yr-old girl with Huntington's chorea since the age of 4 had mental deterioration, chorea, rigidity, generalized convulsions and cerebellar ataxia. Computerized tomography (CT) showed atrophy of the cerebellum and brain stem in addition to atrophy of the caudate nucleus and cerebral cortex. PMID- 6230209 TI - A placebo-controlled trial of the antiandrogen cyproterone acetate in deviant hypersexuality. PMID- 6230210 TI - Infectious disease. PMID- 6230211 TI - Murine T-cell responses to protozoan and metazoan parasites: functional analysis of T-cell lines and clones specific for Leishmania tropica and Schistosoma mansoni. PMID- 6230213 TI - Reactions to aluminum and its salts. PMID- 6230212 TI - A survey of different approaches to management of menstrual disturbances in women using injectable contraceptives. AB - This report summarises a survey of the management of menstrual disturbances occurring during injectable progestogen use (depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate, DMPA, and norethisterone enanthate, NET-EN) by 35 investigators from 20 countries with ongoing experience of these contraceptives. A wide range of approaches are described. The most frequently emphasised aspect of management is thorough pre treatment counselling with further support and counselling at follow-up visits. Oestrogens in various forms are widely used for the treatment of prolonged, frequent or heavy episodes of bleeding, but nowadays are not usually used for the induction of withdrawal bleeding in women with amenorrhoea. Heavy or "severe" bleeding appears to be very uncommon and figures of 1-2% were frequently mentioned. Anecdotal information suggests that intramuscular doses or longer courses (14-21 days) of oral oestrogen, including the combined pill, are more likely to successfully stop an episode of bleeding than short courses. However, there are no hard data to show that a course of oestrogen treatment has any beneficial effect on long-term bleeding patterns. Nevertheless, temporary cessation of spotting or light bleeding may be sufficiently reassuring to the patient to ensure continued use of the method. There appears to be very little risk associated with the short-term oestrogen regimens currently used. Dilatation and curettage is almost never necessary to stop an episode of bleeding, but may occasionally be recommended for diagnostic reasons. It is clear that the bleeding disturbances associated with DMPA and NET-EN use are poorly understood and that urgent research is necessary to clarify pathophysiological mechanisms and improve management. PMID- 6230214 TI - Squamous cell carcinoma arising in acne conglobata. AB - A squamous cell carcinoma was found on the back of a man who had had acne conglobata for more than forty years. Squamous cell carcinomas called Marjolin's ulcers may arise in the sites of chronic inflammation and scarring such as thermal burn scars, discoid lupus erythematosus, leg ulcerations, and foci of osteomyelitis. Squamous cell carcinoma has also been reported in all three diseases included in the so-called "follicular occlusion triad": acne conglobata, dissecting cellulitis of the scalp, and hidradenitis suppurativa. PMID- 6230215 TI - A chromosome rearrangement in Neurospora that produces segmental aneuploid progeny containing only part of the nucleolus organizer. AB - In translocation T (IL leads to VL) OY321 of Neurospora crassa a distal portion of the nucleolus organizer chromosome, including ribosomal DNA sequences and the nucleolus satellite, is interchanged with a long terminal segment of IL. When OY321 is crossed by Normal sequence, one-fourth of the meiotic products are segmental aneuploids that contain two copies of the long IL segment and that are deficient for the distal portion of the organizer. Each such product forms a nucleolus and is viable. The complementary aneuploid products are deficient for the IL segment and are therefore inviable. - In crosses of OY321 X OY321, each product is capable of making two nucleoli; nucleoli formed by the separated nucleolus organizer parts usually fuse, but most 8-spored asci contain some nuclei in which two separate nucleoli can be seen. One nucleolus is then terminal on its chromosome while the second is interstitial and somewhat smaller. - In crosses of OY321 X Normal, half of the meiotic products are capable of making two nucleoli. However, only about 15% of 8-spored asci have one or more nuclei containing separate nucleoli. At pachytene and later in prophase I, the single fusion nucleolus is associated with three bivalent chromosome segments. Each nucleus of every ascus contains at least one nucleolus, even in asci where some nuclei display two nucleoli. - Crosses of Aneuploid X Normal are usually semibarren, producing a reduced number of ascospores, some of which are inviable. Some aneuploid cultures become fully fertile by reverting to a quasinormal sequence lacking a satellite. In some crosses of Aneuploid X Normal, individual asci may show at prophase I either complete loss, partial loss, or pycnosis of the translocated IL segment. This observation of pycnosis suggests chromosome inactivation. - Growth from aneuploid ascospores is initially slow, but can accelerate to the wild-type rate. PMID- 6230216 TI - [Active immunization against hepatitis B]. AB - The efficacy of the hepatitis B vaccine Hevac B Pasteur was assessed in 277 persons over a period of 6 months. HBs antigen of 5 micrograms/dose was administered three times in monthly intervals. Before each vaccination and after 6 months 18 chemical pathology data and a clinical assessment were performed and all important serologic hepatitis markers (anti-HBs, anti-HBc, HBs antigen, HBc antigen, anti-HBe) were determined radioimmunologically. Within two months antibodies against the surface antigen (anti-HBs) had developed in 85.7% of vaccinees. After 6 months 93.1% of vaccines had become seropositive. Within the first two months anti-HBs-positive findings and higher anti-HBs concentrations occurred significantly more frequently (P less than 0.048) in females than in males. These differences had largely disappeared at the follow-up assessment in the sixth month. In contrast, both parameters (seroconversion rate and anti-HBs concentration) were age-dependent. Among vaccines of less than 25 years of age and of more than 35 there were significant differences after 6 months (P less than 0.005). The hepatitis B vaccine of the Pasteur institute can be considered immunogenic and safe. PMID- 6230217 TI - [Trial for digitalis withdrawal in hemodialysis patients]. AB - The indication for digitalis treatment was investigated in a controlled and prospective study lasting 12 months in 110 patients on long-term haemodialysis. In ten patients, digitalis was needed because of tachyarrhythmia due to atrial fibrillation and in five because of recurrent pulmonary edema. In 57 patients receiving digitoxin, therapy was discontinued for 4 to 6 weeks, whereas 13 patients not yet treated with digitalis, received digitoxin for 4 weeks. Without digitoxin, trial fibrillation occurred in 4 patients, while no patient experienced atrial fibrillation with digitoxin (P = 0.002). In 13 patients, radiological findings (heart enlargement, pulmonary congestion) were better with digitoxin than without. Thus digitoxin appeared to be clearly indicated in 29% of the haemodialysed patients. Additionally, digitalis was indicated in 31 patients because of heart enlargement, pulmonary congestion and (or) previous pulmonary edema. Initially, 76% of the patients were receiving digitoxin, whereas, after the investigation, the rate was only 57% (P less than 0.001). The prospective frequency of clinically apparent digitoxin intoxication was low (3%) and so were the overall toxic plasma digitoxin levels (5%). Digitalis should be given deliberately but not restrictively to haemodialysis patients, since atrial fibrillation (13%) and heart failure (50%) are frequent and often concealed. PMID- 6230218 TI - [Role of blood platelets in microcirculatory disorders]. PMID- 6230221 TI - Physical features in African children with Down's syndrome. PMID- 6230220 TI - [Mediastinal lipomatosis simulating cardiomegaly]. PMID- 6230222 TI - Simultaneous EMG of latissimus dorsi and sternocostal portion of pectoralis major muscles during butterfly natatory stroke. PMID- 6230223 TI - Secretory granule growth hormone and prolactin release: independence from granule membrane ATPase. AB - To assess the role in hormone release of the recently characterized anion sensitive Mg+2-ATPase of pituitary secretory granules, three types of evidence were accumulated. First, granule suspensions were incubated with varying quantities of MgCl2 and ATP, and the effects on ATPase activity and release were measured. The main stimulatory influence on ATPase activity was the concentration of the complex between Mg+2 and ATP (MgATP), although very high concentrations of complex inhibited. In contrast, release of hormone was nearly totally independent of MgATP. Rather, release was primarily controlled by free Mg+2, which inhibited release at concentrations as low as 0.1 mM and reduced basal release by approximately 65-75% at concentrations approximating 2.0 mM or higher. Free ATP had small consistent inhibitory effects on ATPase activity, but stimulated protein release. Second, granules were incubated with other nucleotides and related compounds. Incubation with GTP, ITP, CTP, TTP, and UTP resulted in augmentation of hormone release duplicating that seen with ATP. Some increase was also seen with the nonhydrolyzable ATP derivative 5'-adenylylimido-diphosphate, whereas adenosine was inhibitory. Since the catalytic activity of the granule ATPase demonstrates purine nucleotide substrate specificity, these results provide additional evidence for the dissociation of ATPase activity from hormone release. Third, granules were incubated with several ATPase inhibitors. Though all inhibited ATPase activity to a comparable extent, only tri-n-butyltin inhibited hormone release; oligomycin, efrapeptin, and other tin compounds were inactive. Taken together, these data indicate that the conditions that influence ATPase differ strikingly from those affecting hormone release. Whatever the role of the anion-sensitive granule membrane ATPase, we suggest that it is not involved in the process of hormone release from isolated granules. PMID- 6230224 TI - Characteristics of the thyroid iodide translocator and of iodide-accumulating phospholipid vesicles. AB - Some biochemical characteristics of the thyroid I- translocator and of I- accumulating phospholipid vesicles (P-vesicles) were studied. P-vesicles were made from thyroid plasma membranes (PM) and soybean phospholipids by sonication. The optimal incubation temperature for Na+-dependent I- accumulation in P vesicles was from 18-26 C. Only a small amount of Na+-independent I- accumulation was observed at various incubation temperatures, but it increased in proportion with the temperature up to 36 C. The optimal incubation pH (7.0-7.5) was near the physiological extracellular pH. When PM were heated at 55 C for 30 min before preparation of P-vesicles, Na+-dependent I- accumulation in the vesicles decreased by 35%. When they were heated at 65 C for 30 min, the I- -accumulating activity was almost completely lost. The translocator was also inactivated when PM were sonicated at 37 C in the presence of trypsin. The internal and external administration of ouabain to the vesicles did not affect the activity of Na+ dependent I- accumulation. When PM were treated with sodium dodecyl sulfate at a final concentration of 0.2-0.6 mg/ml, the I- translocator was inactivated or detached from PM, whereas the ouabain-sensitive Na+, K+-ATPase activity was preserved in the PM fragments. These observations suggest that the thyroid I- translocator consists of a protein component that is bound to PM at a site separate from Na+,K+-ATPase. PMID- 6230225 TI - Peritoneal tuberculosis. AB - In a total of 8,400 laparoscopies performed over a period of 16 years, 42 cases of tuberculous peritonitis (0.5%) were diagnosed. Free ascites with multiple yellowish-white nodules in the peritoneum, thickening and hyperemia and retraction of the greater omentum were found in 35 cases. Ascites with multiple adhesions in the peritoneum was observed in 4 cases, and peritoneal thickening and adhesions of the viscera without ascites were observed in only 3 cases. Tuberculous peritonitis was found to be associated with genital tuberculosis in 3 women, with hepatic tuberculosis in 2 cases, and with renal and hepatic tuberculosis in 1 case. Laparoscopic diagnosis was confirmed by intralaparoscopic biopsy in all cases. PMID- 6230227 TI - In vitro emergence of Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains resistant to norfloxacin and nalidixic acid. PMID- 6230219 TI - Vitamin therapy in the absence of obvious deficiency. What is the evidence? AB - Vitamins are a group of organic compounds occurring naturally in food and are necessary for good health. Lack of a vitamin may lead to a specific deficiency syndrome, which may be primary (due to inadequate diet) or secondary (due to malabsorption or to increased metabolic need), and it is rational to use high dose vitamin supplementation in situations where these clinical conditions exist. However, pharmacological doses of vitamins are claimed to be of value in a wide variety of conditions which have no, or only a superficial, resemblance to the classic vitamin deficiency syndromes. The enormous literature on which these claims are based consists mainly of uncontrolled clinical trials or anecdotal reports. Only a few studies have made use of the techniques of randomisation and double-blinding. Evidence from such studies reveals a beneficial therapeutic effect of vitamin E in intermittent claudication and fibrocystic breast disease and of vitamin C in pressure sores, but the use of vitamin A in acne vulgaris, vitamin E in angina pectoris, hyperlipidaemia and enhancement of athletic capacity, of vitamin C in advanced cancer, and niacin in schizophrenia has been rejected. Evidence is conflicting or inconclusive as to the use of vitamin C in the common cold, asthma and enhancement of athletic capacity, of pantothenic acid in osteoarthritis, and folic acid (folacin) in neural tube defects. Most of the vitamins have been reported to cause adverse effects when ingested in excessive doses. It is therefore worthwhile to consider the risk-benefit ratio before embarking upon the use of high-dose vitamin supplementation for disorders were proof of efficacy is lacking. PMID- 6230226 TI - Comparison of the antibacterial in vitro and in vivo activity of ofloxacin (HOE 280 DL 8280) and nalidixic acid analogues. AB - The in vitro and in vivo activity of ofloxacin (DL 8280, HOE 280) was compared with that of other antibacterial compounds. Ofloxacin was found to have a broad antibacterial spectrum which includes both gram-positive and gram-negative aerobic and anaerobic species. Its activity is generally higher than that of pipemidic acid and nalidixic acid. Against staphylococci and streptococci, ofloxacin proved to be more active than norfloxacin. In the case of Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonadaceae, ofloxacin and norfloxacin possess comparable activities. Ofloxacin was the most active compound against a number of aerobic isolates which are resistant to cefotaxime and ceftriaxone. Of the compounds compared, ofloxacin was the only one which exhibited reasonable activity against anaerobes. It inhibited all strains of Bacteroides fragilis at a concentration of 3.125 mg/l and the gram-positive anaerobes at 0.5 mg/l. In mice experimentally infected with various gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, ofloxacin was more active than norfloxacin and pipemidic acid. With the gram negative pathogens, orally administered ofloxacin was as active as gentamicin used parenterally. We conclude from our studies that ofloxacin could be a valuable therapeutic agent with a variety of indications. PMID- 6230228 TI - Changes in form of elongation factor 1 during germination of wheat seeds. AB - Two forms of EF-1 are present in the high-speed supernatant fraction from wheat embryo homogenate. In embryos from dry seeds EF-1H is 55% of the total amount of EF-1, while after 40 h of germination this form completely disappears. When germination and protein synthesis are accelerated by means of 6-benzyladenine, the rate of conversion of EF-1H is increased. On the other hand, the block of germination and of the evolution of protein synthesis by abscisic acid, block this conversion; the block of water uptake, that stops germination and causes a decrease in protein synthesis, reverses the conversion of EF-1H to EF-1L, increasing EF-1H from 15% to 40% of the total. PMID- 6230229 TI - The platelet-fibrinogen interaction. Evidence for proximity of the A alpha chain of fibrinogen to platelet membrane glycoproteins IIb/III. AB - Fibrinogen participates in platelet aggregation via specific inducible receptors on the cell surface. We have used a photoactivable bifunctional reagent, N succinimidyl-6-(4'-azido-2'-nitrophenylamino)hexanoate, SANAH, to derivatize 125I labeled-fibrinogen (125I-Fg) and crosslink it to ADP-stimulated platelets. Binding experiments established that 125I-Fg and 125I-Fg-SANAH interacted with platelets with the same kinetics and affinity as unlabeled fibrinogen. After photoactivation of the platelet-bound 125I-Fg-SANAH, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under reducing conditions revealed formation of a high molecular weight covalent complex with coordinate loss of the A alpha chain. 125I-Fg-SANAH missing the extreme carboxy-terminal region of the A alpha chain failed to crosslink to the platelets under similar conditions. Crosslinked 125I-Fg-SANAH was extracted from the cells in 1% Triton X-100, and immunoprecipitation with antibodies specific for platelet membrane glycoproteins was used to identify components of the complex. With antibodies to the glycoprotein IIb/III complex (anti-GP IIb/III), 40 +/- 9% of the extracted 125I-Fg-SANAH was immunoprecipitated. Omission of photoactivation, platelets, or ADP from the reaction or use of unmodified 125I-Fg resulted in less than 5% immunoprecipitation by the anti-GP IIb/III. As controls for specificity, anti (glycoprotein Ib) or anti-IgG immunoprecipitated less than 5% of the extracted 125I-Fg-SANAH. Under similar conditions, 45% of the GP IIb/III from surface labeled platelets was recovered in the anti-GP IIb/III immunoprecipitate. These results indicate that the A alpha chain of fibrinogen comes in close proximity to GP IIb/III when the molecule is bound to its platelet receptor. PMID- 6230230 TI - Activation of ATPase of spinach coupling factor 1. Release of tightly bound ADP from the soluble enzyme. AB - Several seemingly unrelated procedures used to elicit the latent ATPase activity of soluble spinach coupling factor 1 can be correlated to the release of tightly bound ADP from the uncoupled enzyme. This ADP release is further enhanced by the presence of medium nucleotides, especially substrate ATP, and may or may not involve release from the catalytic site itself. Similarly, the light/dithiothreitol activation of membrane-bound CF1 ATPase is reported to be accompanied by energy-dependent ADP dissociation. Further indication that ADP release is involved in the ATPase activation mechanism is the observation that a pyruvate kinase phosphoenolpyruvate trap for ADP released during light/dithiothreitol treatment greatly retards the decay of membrane-bound ATPase activity that occurs in the dark, presumably by preventing reassociation of ADP. The time course of CF1 reactivation by light, after light/dithiothreitol activation followed by dark decay, allows a distinction to be made between the apparently rate-limiting dithiol modification and the more rapid dissociation of tightly bound ADP. PMID- 6230231 TI - Isolation, characterisation and crystallization of deoxyribonuclease I from bovine and rat parotid gland and its interaction with rabbit skeletal muscle actin. AB - A purification procedure is described yielding DNase I from bovine and rat parotid glands of high homogeneity. The apparent molecular masses of the DNases I isolated have been found by sodium dodecyl sulfate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to be 34 and 32 kDa for bovine and rat parotid DNase I, respectively, and thus differ from the enzyme isolated from bovine pancreas (31 kDa). By a number of different criteria concerning their enzymic behaviour, the isolated enzymes could be clearly classified as DNases I, i.e. endonucleolytic activity preferentially on native double-stranded DNA yielding 5' oligonucleotides, a pH optimum at about 8.0, the dependence of their enzymic activity on divalent metal ions, their inhibition by 2-nitro-5-thiocyanobenzoic acid and by skeletal muscle actin. Comparison of their primary structure by analysis of their amino acid composition and also two-dimensional fingerprints and isoelectric focusing indicate gross similarities between the enzymes isolated from bovine pancreas and parotid, but distinct species differences, i.e. between the enzymes isolated from bovine and rat parotid. All the DNases I are glycoproteins. From bovine parotid DNase I crystals suitable for X-ray structure analysis could be obtained. The DNases I from both parotid sources specifically interact with monomeric actin forming 1:1 stoichiometric complexes. Their binding constants to monomeric actin differ, being 2 X 10(8) M-1 and 5.5 X 10(6) M-1 for bovine and rat parotid DNase I, respectively. Only the enzyme isolated from bovine sources is able to depolymerize filamentous actin. PMID- 6230232 TI - Localization of an intracellular membrane-bound Ca2+-ATPase in PtK-cells using immunofluorescence techniques. AB - Monospecific antibodies to an intracellular membrane-bound Ca2+-ATPase were used to localize the enzyme in PtK-cells in interphase and in mitosis as well. In interphase the protein is distributed as small dots and rods in the cytoplasm with an increased concentration around the nucleus. Neither the plasma membrane nor the nuclear envelope are stained. In mitotic cells the Ca2+-ATPase is localized around the spindle rather than in it. The results are in agreement with the proposed function of enzyme as an essential part of the intracellular Ca2+ regulating system controlling Ca2+ in the respective domains of the cell. PMID- 6230233 TI - Ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm identified incidental to bone scintigraphy. AB - A report is presented of a man who had a ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm identified incidental to bone scintigraphy. The bone scan revealed displacement of the left kidney to nearly a horizontal axis and indicated the need for more definitive evaluation. Renal scintigraphy and computed tomography correctly demonstrated a ruptured, but contained abdominal aortic aneurysm. PMID- 6230234 TI - Detection of a brain metastasis from osteosarcoma with 99mTc-methylene diphosphonate bone scanning. AB - 99mTc-methylene diphosphonate (MDP) bone scintigraphy demonstrated localization in an intracranial metastasis of osteogenic sarcoma. This unusual case suggests that bone scintigraphy may have diagnostic value in the early diagnosis of metastatic ossifying lesions. PMID- 6230235 TI - A quantitative assessment of scintigraphy of the legs using 201Tl. AB - 201Tl perfusion scintigraphy of the legs was evaluated to define intermittent claudication quantitatively, based on Sapirstein's indicator fractionation principle. After intravenous injection of 201Tl with or without exercise, the distribution of the radiotracer throughout the body was obtained using the whole blood scanner. Regional blood flow of cardiac output for three segments of the leg was estimated as a regional fractional uptake (rFU) distributed in these segments compared with the whole body distribution. The validity of the principle was confirmed by a comparative study with 99mTc-MAA (r = 0.979). Normal rFUs (%) for each section at rest and after stress, respectively, were 5.49 +/- 0.69 and 19.40 +/- 2.04 (whole leg); 3.57 +/- 0.49 and 12.26 +/- 1.91 (thigh); 1.59 +/- 0.34 and 6.58 +/- 0.61 (calf). The rates of rFU change from the state of rest to stress (delta rFU) in normals were 3.41 +/- 0.45 (whole leg), 3.44 +/- 0.61 (thigh), and 4.30 +/- 1.03 (calf). Although rFU was within normal limits in patients with arteriosclerosis obliterans (ASO) and thromboangitis obliterans (TAO), delta rFU of the whole leg was significantly decreased from the normal value of 3.41 +/- 0.45 to 1.95 +/- 0.40 for ASO (P less than 0.001) and 1.82 +/- 0.47 for TAO (P less than 0.001). A defect or decreased activity on the stress scintigraph was well correlated with the angiographic findings. PMID- 6230237 TI - Spleen transplantation in the dog as a model for studying immunological feedback reactions. AB - Modification of the immune response towards the generation of suppressor T cells can be attained using experimental designs promoting immunological feedback mechanisms. Those studies have been carried out in defined inbred animal systems. With respect to the great importance for organ transplantation, an in vivo model using larger outbred animals was developed in order to study such feedback reactions. The following experimental design was used: (1) allogeneic spleen transplantation in the dog; (2) autologous retransplantation of this spleen together with an allogeneic kidney transplantation to the former donor of the spleen after a period of 2-4 days. Although full immunological activity of the transplanted as well as the retransplanted spleen was demonstrated, rejection of the kidney occurred in a fashion identical to that observed in control animals. PMID- 6230238 TI - Models for serving rural students with low-incidence handicapping conditions. PMID- 6230236 TI - Relation between 67Ga uptake and iron metabolism in rat tissues. AB - The relationship between 67Ga uptake and iron metabolism was investigated in rat tissues. 67Ga and 59Fe(II) both accumulated in the mitochondrial-lysosomal fraction after being injected. Moreover, they both showed especially high affinity for heparan sulfate (HS) among various acid mucopolysaccharides (AMPS). When iron (ferrous citrate) was injected IV before, simultaneously with, and after 67Ga citrate IV injection, 67Ga uptake was significantly inhibited in normal rat liver in all cases. Elevated 67Ga uptake in the liver of CCl4-treated rats was also lowered to the control level by iron pretreatment. High zinc intake remarkably elevated the 67Ga uptake in rat liver. The contents of iron in the liver and liver AMPS of 0.75% zinc-fed rats were lowered in comparison with those in controls. Thus, the elevation of 67Ga uptake in the liver of zinc-fed rats might be due to the decrease of iron bound to HS. PMID- 6230239 TI - Factors contributing to the development of successful mainstreaming programs. PMID- 6230240 TI - Higher education administrators and Section 504. PMID- 6230241 TI - Phenytoin modulates the pharmacokinetics of prednisolone and the pharmacodynamics of prednisolone as assessed by the inhibition of the mixed lymphocyte reaction in humans. AB - Following induction of the microsomal liver enzymes, lower total prednisolone concentrations in plasma and an altered pattern of the prednisolone metabolites generated were observed. The purpose of the present study was to establish whether--as a consequence of an enhanced clearance--lower unbound concentrations of prednisolone in plasma are detectable after enzyme induction and to determine if the altered prednisolone metabolism modulates the biological effect. Before and during phenytoin dosage in ten volunteers, the mean (+/-SD) total body clearance (ml min-1 kg-1) of both total and unbound prednisolone increased from 2.74 +/- 0.47 to 3.94 +/- 0.66 (P less than 0.001) and from 10.76 +/- 2.68 to 16.00 +/- 3.17 (P less than 0.001), respectively. These increments were due to increased non-renal clearances. The immunosuppressive activity as a function of time in plasma determined as the percent inhibition of the mixed lymphocyte reaction decreased by one third after phenytoin dosing, while the EC50 values of unbound prednisolone were unaffected. Thus enzyme induction decreases both the unbound prednisolone concentration and the steroid efficacy. PMID- 6230242 TI - Assignment of human natural killer (NK)-like cells to the T cell lineage. Single allospecific T cell clones lyse specific or NK-sensitive target cells via distinct recognition structures. AB - The aim of the present study was to define the cell lineage of mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC)-induced natural killer (NK) effector cells. Human MLC cells were plated under limiting microculture conditions in the presence of irradiated spleen cells and interleukin 2-containing supernatant. After 18 days, microcultures were scored for proliferation and for cytolytic activity against specific lymphoblasts and NK-sensitive K562 target cells. About 1 in 7 and 1 in 5 proliferating microcultures had specific or NK-like cytolytic activity, respectively. Moreover, several microcultures exhibited dual (specific and NK like) cytolytic activity, even when they had been established at relatively low numbers of responding cells/well (0.5-0.25) to ensure a high probability of monoclonality. Direct evidence for the existence of cytolytic effector cells with dual activity was achieved by using clones derived from single MLC T cells by micromanipulation. Out of 26 cytolytic clones so derived, 16 exhibited specific cytolytic activity, whereas 22 lysed K562 target cells. More interestingly, 12 of these 26 clones were active against both types of target cells. Only one of these clones was able to lyse autologous or unrelated target cells. In contrast, all such clones lysed the NK-sensitive cell lines G11, MOLT-4, Raji, Daudi, Chang and T-24. Addition of saturating amounts of B9-4 monoclonal antibody in the lytic assays resulted in the inhibition of the specific cytolysis, but not the NK-like activity of clones with dual cytolytic activity. It thus appears that (a) alloreactive cytotoxic T lymphocytes can mediate both specific and NK-like cytolysis and (b) two independent recognition structures are involved in this dual activity. PMID- 6230243 TI - T-T cell interactions during in vitro cytotoxic T cell responses. VI. The role of T cell-derived colony-stimulating factor in helper T cell activation. AB - A limiting dilution culture system has been used to analyze the role of T cell derived colony stimulating factor (CSF) during the activation of IL 2-producing helper T lymphocytes (HTL). EL4 thymoma-derived supernatant (EL4-SN) increased about 4-fold the frequency of HTL precursors responding to metabolically active allogeneic stimulator cells. Upon biochemical separation this biological activity within the EL4-SN segregated from interleukin 2 (IL 2) and gamma interferon but was associated with or identical to CSF. Further, a comparable rise in HTL precursor frequencies was observed when semipurified interleukin 1 (IL 1) derived from the P388 D1 cell line was added to limiting dilution cultures. In contrast to IL 1, semipurified CSF failed to facilitate the activation of HTL precursors when heat-treated allogeneic spleen cells were used as stimulator cells. Because EL4-derived CSF was found to induce IL 1 production by macrophages we conclude that T cell-derived CSF amplifies, via stimulation of antigen-presenting cells the number of inducible HTL precursors. Therefore, the CSF/IL 1-dependent increase in HTL precursor frequencies reported here may reflect the differential activation threshold of HTL-precursors, most of which will not be activated by antigen per se but only in presence of additional cytokines. PMID- 6230244 TI - Pecking order among tumor-specific antigens. AB - The ultraviolet light-induced fibrosarcoma 1591 is regularly rejected upon transplantation into young syngeneic mice; in rare instances, however, this tumor grows progressively and the tumors that develop are then heritably stable variant progressor tumors (1591-PRO tumors). In this study, we have induced transplantation resistance to 1591-PRO tumors and determined which antigens were recognized by mice that rejected these progressor tumors. We found that cytolytic T cells of such mice recognized a 1591-specific antigen that was present not only on all the independently derived 1591-PRO tumors but also on the parental regressor tumor (1591-RE). However, the cytolytic immune response of mice that rejected 1591-RE lysed 1591-RE tumor cells but not 1591-PRO tumor cells. Thus, the 1591-RE tumor seemed to express two antigens that were specific for tumors of the 1591 lineage, one that was lost and a second that was retained by 1591-PRO tumor cells. Mice challenged with 1591-R# tumor cells mounted a response to only one of the tumor-specific antigens which was therefore "immunodominant" over the other "immunorecessive" antigen. This immunorecessive antigen became the target of the immune response once the immunodominant antigen was lost. This "pecking order" interfered with the simultaneous recognition of two tumor-specific antigens and this mechanism may favor immune escape. PMID- 6230245 TI - Heterogeneous and monoclonal helper T cells induce similar anti-(4-hydroxy-3 nitrophenyl)acetyl (NP) antibody populations in the primary adoptive response. II. Lambda light chain dominance and idiotope expression. AB - When the hapten (4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)acetyl (NP) is presented on different carrier molecules, different anti-NP antibody responses are stimulated. On stimulation with NP-lipopolysaccharide (LPS) [T-independent type 1 (TI-1) antigen] kappa + antibodies are the major population, whereas on stimulation with NP-Ficoll [T-independent type 2 (TI-2) antigen], NP-keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) or NP-chicken gamma globulin (CG) [T-dependent (TD) antigens], lambda 1+ antibodies dominate. The relative contribution of idiotopes Ac38 or Ac146 to the lambda 1+ anti-NP response was also different on comparison of TI-1 with TI-2 or TD anti-NP responses. We investigated whether light chain- or idiotype-specific T cells are responsible for these differences. Analysis of the anti-NP response of nude mice after immunization with NP-Ficoll showed lambda 1 dominance. Likewise primary adoptive transfer experiments using carrier-specific T cell lines to reconstitute the TD anti-NP response to NP-KLH or NP-CG, showed that help from carrier-specific T cells alone is capable of stimulating the characteristic lambda 1 dominant response. No significant difference could be found in the levels of Ac38 and Ac146 idiotope expression between mice reconstituted with splenic T cells and those reconstituted with T cell lines. These results suggest that light chain- or idiotype-specific T cells are required neither for the production of lambda 1 light chain dominance, nor for the appearance of idiotopes characteristic of the primary anti-NP response. The possible reasons for differences seen in both light chain and idiotope expression between primary anti NP responses to the TI-1 antigen NP-LPS and those to TD or TI-2 antigens are discussed. PMID- 6230246 TI - Mesulergine and its 1,20-N,N-bidemethylated metabolite interact directly with D1- and D2-receptors. AB - Mesulergine (CU 32-085), an 8 alpha-aminoergoline, has been reported to influence striatal dopamine turnover in a time-dependent biphasic manner, suggesting initial dopamine antagonistic and late dopamine agonistic effects. To clarify whether these opposing in vivo effects are due to a metabolic conversion in vivo or reflect mixed antagonist/agonist effects expressed at different dose levels, mesulergine and a 1,20-N,N-bidemethylated metabolite, identified in rat urine, were investigated in functional dopamine receptor models. Dopamine-sensitive adenylate cyclase in homogenates of rat striatum and modulation of electrically evoked tritium overflow from rat striatal slices previously labelled with [3H]choline were used as tests for D1- and D2-receptors, respectively. Mesulergine was found to antagonise D1-receptor responses at micromolar, and D2 receptor responses at nanomolar concentrations. In contrast, the bidemethylated metabolite of mesulergine stimulated both D1- and D2-receptors at micromolar and nanomolar concentrations, respectively. These in vitro results suggest that at dopamine receptors, mesulergine has antagonistic effects and that the late agonistic effects seen in vivo are mostly due to metabolic conversion into a potent dopaminomimetic drug. PMID- 6230248 TI - Inhibitory effects of a synthetic pentapeptide on hemopoietic stem cells in vitro and in vivo. AB - A synthetic analogue of a pentapeptide associated with mature granulocytes has been investigated for biological effects on stem cell activity in vitro and in vivo. When tested on bone marrow cells from female C3H mice, a short incubation in vitro in doses from 10(-9) to 10(-5) M inhibited myelopoietic colony formation (CFU-C). A maximum of 80% reduction of colony yield was found at 10(-7) M. An oxidized form of the molecule had a stimulatory effect on colony formation, but the inhibitory effect was restored by treatment with a reducing substance (mercaptoethanol). The peptide was nontoxic during continuous exposure of liquid cultures of bone marrow cells for up to 24 h at a dose range of 10(-11) to 10(-4) M. When injected into mice, a dose-dependent inhibitory effect on CFU-C was seen. Maximal effect was obtained by continuous infusion of 1.4 micrograms/h for six days, where only one-fifth of the normal CFU-C number per femur could be retrieved. Prolonged exposure to the same dose level resulted in less reduction. A significant, but less pronounced reduction of spleen colony formation (CFU-S) per femur was seen in the same dose range. Inhibition of both CFU-S and CFU-C was in all cases reversible and mostly accompanied by an overshoot of up to 75% above normal level. In addition, primarily noninhibitory doses led to a secondary increase in the numbers of CFU-S. The total cell number per femur was moderately but significantly reduced, and a prolonged reduction of granulocyte numbers in peripheral blood resulted. No direct toxic effects were seen in vivo on 271 mice given up to 9 mg of the peptide. The results indicate that the peptide may have a regulatory function for stem cell activity in vivo. PMID- 6230247 TI - Two different cell adhesion molecules--cell-CAM 105 and a calcium-dependent protein--occur on the surface of rat hepatocytes. AB - We have recently identified a 105000 D plasma membrane glycoprotein, denoted cell CAM 105 (CAM, cell adhesion molecule), that is involved in intercellular adhesion of reaggregating rat hepatocytes (Ocklind & Obrink, J biol chem 257 (1982) 6788 [11]). In this communication we identify another cell surface protein that is also involved in hepatocyte cell-cell adhesion. This protein has an apparent molecular weight (MW) of 70000 and can be released from the surface membrane by chelation of calcium with EGTA. Results are presented indicating that it is identical with a previously discovered protein, CDP-1 (CDP, calcium-dependent protein) (Obrink, Lindstrom & Svennung, FEBS lett 70 (1976) 28 [28]). Antisera produced against either cell-CAM 105 or CDP-1 inhibit hepatocyte aggregation, but not attachment to collagen. Cell-CAM 105 and CDP-1 are present on the cell surface as separate components, as judged by the fact that both EGTA treatment and trypsin treatment of hepatocytes selectively make the cells insensitive to blocking of aggregation by antibodies against CDP-1 but not by antibodies against cell-CAM 105. However, although much less efficiently, the antibodies against CDP 1 can recognize a 105000 D protein which is also bound by the antibodies against cell-CAM 105, and under certain conditions the antibodies against cell-CAM 105 seem to recognize a 70000 D protein. CDP-1 may thus be derived from cell-CAM 105, or the two proteins might have a common precursor. PMID- 6230249 TI - A comparison of oxitropium bromide and ipratropium bromide in asthma. AB - Oxitropium bromide is a derivative of scopolamine and is an anticholinergic drug. Twenty asthmatics completed the study in which they received, in randomised double-blind fashion, placebo, ipratropium bromide 80 micrograms, and oxitropium bromide 200 micrograms. The patients recorded peak expiratory flow immediately before inhalation and up to 10 h afterwards. PEF were significantly higher than placebo between 10 min and 10 h, for both active treatments. There were no significant differences between values on oxitropium bromide and ipratropium bromide at any time points. Side effects were minimal and oxitropium bromide is an effective bronchodilator in asthma. PMID- 6230250 TI - Factors determining residual volume in normal and asthmatic subjects. AB - We have studied the mechanisms determining the residual volume (RV), by inducing temporary changes in RV through respiratory manoeuvres and bronchodilation. Four asthmatic and 5 normal subjects inhaled placebo, salbutamol, and ipratropium bromide, and performed maximum expiratory manoeuvres after partial and maximal inspiration. RV and static lung pressure-volume measurements were made in each experiment. After bronchodilation, RV increased in both groups after a maximal inspiration, while bronchodilatation, as such, decreased RV in both groups. We also found unexpectedly that in the asthmatic patients, the static transpulmonary pressure (Pst) at low lung volumes increased after bronchodilatation. Our findings can be explained if bronchodilators open-up closed airways, and if a preceding maximal inspiration decreases the elastic recoil pressure of the lungs causing a change of the lung volume at which airway closure occurs. The results also support that Pst at low lung volume is influenced by airway closure and underestimates the elastic recoil pressure of the lungs, even in normal subjects. We postulate that the increase in Pst at low lung volumes after bronchodilatation is due to smaller amounts of trapped gas. PMID- 6230251 TI - Skinned smooth muscle: time course of force and ATPase activity during contraction cycle. AB - The time course of ATPase activity and force has been determined during contraction and relaxation in skinned (hyperpermeable) anterior byssus retractor muscle, ABRM, of Mytilus edulis and compared with corresponding measurements on skinned taenia coli of guinea-pigs. Following a calcium-induced contraction, lowering the [Ca++] to 10(-8) M rapidly reduces ATPase activity within 2 min to resting levels while force declines only to about 30-50% of maximal tension within the same time. Thus slow relaxation is due to a 'catch-like-state' which is common to different kinds of smooth muscles and can be reduced with cAMP in ABRM and by Pi in taenia coli. PMID- 6230253 TI - Rapid purification of deoxyribonuclease I using fast protein liquid chromatography. AB - Deoxyribonuclease I finds extensive application in the fields of both nucleic acid and cell motility research. This paper describes the use of the cationic exchange column MonoQ, marketed by Pharmacia as part of their Fast Protein Liquid Chromatography system, for further purification of the enzyme from commercially available material. Up to 7 mg DNase I of high purity can be obtained in a single separation step taking about 20 min to perform. The quality of the product is documented using 3 independent assay criteria. PMID- 6230252 TI - Reversible impairment of hepatobiliary function induced by streptozotocin in the rat. AB - The effect of streptozotocin (SZ) on hepatobiliary function was studied in rats on the 1st, 7th and 15th days of treatment. Serum glucose increased significantly on the 1st day, and then remained high. Bile flow, bile acids output and BSP biliary excretion were significantly decreased on the 1st day of treatment, whereas serum sorbitol dehydrogenase was increased. All the parameters tested apart from serum glucose tended to normalize with time. The results suggested a transient toxic effect of SZ on the hepatocyte. PMID- 6230254 TI - Electron microscopy of beef heart mitochondrial F1-ATPase. AB - The quaternary structure of isolated and membrane-bound F1-ATPase (submitochondrial particles) has been studied by electron microscopy. A model of the molecule has been proposed: six protein masses are arranged in two layers approximately at the vertices of a triangular antiprism. Computer averaging of the images showed that the frontal view of the molecule can be approximately characterized by mirror plane symmetry. PMID- 6230255 TI - [Work time schedule for the aides to health officers in industrial hygiene in rural districts]. PMID- 6230256 TI - [Working conditions and their effect on the health status of milkmaids]. PMID- 6230257 TI - Complications of female sterilization: immediate and delayed. AB - Surgical sterilization in women has changed dramatically over the past 20 years. The development of laparoscopy and minilaparotomy have made the procedure readily available even in developing countries. In the United States, changing social values and changes in hospital regulations have done as much as technology to account for the tremendous increases in the number of women undergoing sterilization. Improved sterilization procedures have resulted in lower costs for sterilization and lowered morbidity and mortality rates. Hysterectomy for sterilization alone carries unacceptable morbidity and mortality rates. Originally, laparoscopic techniques utilized unipolar cautery. However, bowel burns, a rare but serious complication, were reported, and this led to newer techniques. These techniques, using bands, clips, and bipolar cautery, have gained increasing popularity and have eliminated many of the serious complications of female sterilization. Historically, there has been concern that tubal sterilization by any method produces, in significant numbers of patients, the subsequent gynecologic and psychologic problems called "post-tubal ligation syndrome." A review of earlier literature indicates that many of these studies have serious methodologic problems, including recall bias, inappropriate control groups, failure to elicit prior history of gynecologic or psychologic problems, and failure to account for the use of oral contraceptives or IUDs. More recent large prospective epidemiologic studies that have controlled for prior gynecologic problems and contraceptive usage have failed to show increased incidence of gynecologic sequelae in large numbers of women. However, there are some data to support the concept that in certain individuals, sterilization may result in disruption of ovarian blood or nerve supply, producing gynecologic sequelae. Additional data from these ongoing large-scale studies and others should help to elucidate this problem in the future. Pregnancy after sterilization (even excluding pregnancies present at the time of the procedure) is more common the first year after the procedure with the risk decreasing in subsequent years.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6230258 TI - Diethylstilbestrol exposure in utero and endometriosis in infertile females. AB - Endometriosis was found in 39% and in utero diethylstilbestrol (DES) exposure in 5% of 397 infertile women who had undergone laparoscopy and/or laparotomy among 750 consecutively evaluated infertile couples. Fifty percent of the DES-exposed infertile women also had endometriosis, similar to the 39% with endometriosis among non-DES-exposed women. Cervical stenosis was found in 25% of all DES exposed patients and in 83% of those who had undergone cryocautery or conization. However, 40% did not have endometriosis. Thus, while the frequency of endometriosis and cervical stenosis is extremely high in infertile women exposed in utero to DES, a significant association beyond that found in non-DES-exposed patients could not be established. Some of the infertility may be associated with cervical stenosis alone. PMID- 6230259 TI - The influence of androgens on insulin resistance. AB - Insulin resistance (IR) in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCO) has been linked to hyperandrogenism and elevated luteinizing hormone (LH) levels. Fourteen patients with idiopathic hirsutism (IH), 13 with PCO, and 6 control subjects were investigated for assessment of the effects of serum LH, peripheral tissue androgens, and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) on fasting immunoreactive insulin (IRI) levels. Serum LH, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, dihydrotestosterone, and 3 alpha-androstanediol, SHBG, and unbound testosterone (uT) were measured. Serum testosterone (T) showed a positive correlation with IRI (P less than 0.05), and SHBG showed a negative correlation (P less than 0.02). Unbound T showed a highly significant positive correlation (P less than 0.001), whereas dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, dihydrotestosterone, and 3 alpha androstanediol did not correlate. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone, administered to patients with IH, raised LH levels but did not change IRI levels. Spironolactone did not affect T or IRI in patients with IH but significantly lowered T and IRI in patients with PCO. It is suggested that IR is not related to LH or peripheral androgen metabolism but highly correlated with uT and SHBG, thus coupling two important factors in IR, obesity and the androgen level. PMID- 6230260 TI - [Hyperglycemia and inhibition of glucose-induced insulin release in 6 aminonicotinamide treated rats]. AB - The effects of 6-aminonicotinamide (6-AN) on blood glucose and insulin release were studied in rats. 6-AN at 4mg/100g body weight slowly raised blood glucose concentrations to a significantly higher level than the control values 6 hours after an intraperitoneal injection. At this time severe glucose intolerance and low IRI response were noticed during an intravenous glucose tolerance test. Adrenalectomized rats replaced by hydrocortisone also presented hyperglycemia, glucose intolerance and low IRI response during IVGTT under treatment with 6-AN but to a lesser extent than in the intact rats. In in vitro experiments, decreased insulin release from the perfused pancreata of rats pretreated with 6 AN was found both in the 1st and 2nd phases of response to glucose stimulation. These data indicate that 6-AN-induced hyperglycemia is attributed to the inhibition of insulin release in adrenalectomized rats except for the hypothetical effect of 6-AN which diminishes an action of insulin on cellular glucose transport. PMID- 6230261 TI - Professional tips for the non-handicapped: measuring expectations. PMID- 6230262 TI - The dental assistant and the "special patient". PMID- 6230263 TI - Different strokes. PMID- 6230264 TI - Liability: important issue regarding N2O exposure. PMID- 6230265 TI - Posture, exercise needed to prevent low back pain. PMID- 6230266 TI - [The role of T-lymphocyte and killer-cell defects in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematodes]. PMID- 6230267 TI - Linear localized coumarin necrosis. AB - We report a 55-year-old man with coumarin necrosis. This drug eruption is sometimes a devastating gangrenous process in sites with abundant underlying adipose tissue. In our patient, however, it assumed an evanescent limited linear distribution on the skin, prompting this report. PMID- 6230268 TI - Soft X-irradiation influences the integrity of Langerhans cells. A histochemical and immunohistological study. AB - This report defines the influence of field soft X-ray irradiation on the integrity of epidermal Langerhans cells (LC) in the guinea pig and mouse systems. Male albino (Rockefeller strain) and piebald F 1 (2 X 13 strain) guinea pigs as well as C3H mice (H-2Kk) were exposed to one single shot of different dosages of soft X-rays [80, 1,200, 1,600, and 3,200 R; 30 kV, 0.5 mm aluminium filter, FSD (focus-skin distance) 12 cm]. 1 and 4 weeks after exposure, skin specimens were taken from the irradiated skin. The demonstration and evaluation of LC was performed basing on their expression of specific histochemical (ATPase) and functional immunologic markers (Ia antigens). Soft X-irradiation had pronounced effects on number and structure of ATPase- and Ia-antigen-positive cells. In the mouse system, 1 week after exposure to 800 and 1,200 R ATPase-positive cells and, in a more or less parellel manner, Ia-antigen-positive cells () were reduced to 74% (74%) and 70% (68%), respectively, and 4 weeks after exposure to 49% (47%) and 43% (40%), respectively. In the guinea pig system one single shot of 1,600 or 3,200 R produced, respectively, a 35% or a 38% reduction of ATPase-positive cells. Prolonged survival did not result in a further depletion of ATPase positive cells. PMID- 6230269 TI - Plasma lipid fatty acids and platelet function in insulin-dependent diabetic patients. AB - Platelet function, estimated from plasma beta-thromboglobulin (beta-TG, ng/ml), is frequently altered in insulin-dependent diabetics (IDDs). As several factors may affect beta-TG, we studied respectively in 15 IDDs, the roles played by: (i) diabetic control evaluated from glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1); (ii) plasma C peptide and pancreatic glucagon; (iii) plasma lipids and the relative percentages of fatty acids in total plasma lipids. Plasma beta-TG did not correlate significantly with the first 3 parameters. However, beta-TG was correlated: (i) positively with plasma triglycerides (P less than 0.01), cholesterol (P less than 0.02), phospholipids (P less than 0.05) and total plasma lipids (P less than 0.01) and the percentage of oleic acid (C18 : 1 omega 9) in plasma lipids (P less than 0.01); (ii) negatively with the percentage of linoleic acid (C18 : 2 omega 6) in plasma lipids (P less than 0.02). No correlation was found between beta-TG and the percentages of the other saturated (C16 : 0, C18 : 0), monounsaturated (C16 : 1 omega 7) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (C18 : 3 omega 6, C20 : 3 omega 6 and C20 : 4 omega 6). The present results indicate that beta-TG in IDDs can be markedly improved by all dietary and therapeutic measures which lower plasma lipids and increase the percentage of the linoleic acid in the body. PMID- 6230270 TI - Platelets and diabetic vascular disease. AB - Tests of platelet behaviour in vitro, particularly aggregation and retention and in vivo tests such as measurement of platelet survival and plasma levels of beta thromboglobulin are frequently abnormal in diabetic patients, particularly in those with vascular disease. The concept has therefore arisen that platelet hyper reactivity is one factor responsible for diabetic microangiopathy. Whereas there is experimental and histological evidence for the mediation of platelets in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, direct evidence of platelet involvement in microangiopathy is scanty. Similar alterations in platelet behaviour have been observed in a variety of other conditions with vessel wall damage in common and evidence is presented which suggests that these platelet abnormalities may be secondary to vessel wall injury. In diabetic subjects, some changes in platelet behaviour are reversed by improved glycaemic control. Evidence that platelets are involved in the pathogenesis of diabetic microangiopathy therefore remains circumstantial, though current trials of anti-platelet agents may enable a more precise evaluation of their role. PMID- 6230271 TI - Use of immunodeficient mice in the study of experimental diabetes mellitus. PMID- 6230272 TI - Migration of Langerhans cells and the expression of Ia on epidermal cells following the grafting of normal skin to nude mice. PMID- 6230273 TI - Glutamate dehydrogenase from wild type Neurospora crassa; inactivation by photo oxidation. AB - The NADP dependent glutamate dehydrogenase from wild type Neurospora crassa is inactivated by exposure to light in the presence of the dye, Methylene Blue. Photo-oxidation appears to disturb the conformational equilibrium which controls the activity of this enzyme. Data obtained suggests that the modified group is the same as that reactive to the histidine reagent, diethylpyrocarbonate. PMID- 6230274 TI - Calcium requirements of cardiac myofibril ATPase activity following exhaustive exercise. AB - Myocardial contractility is reduced in rats following strenuous activity. Thus, the purpose of this study was to determine some of the cellular mechanisms that may contribute to the depressed contractile function. Myofibril ATPase activity was determined with varying free calcium and monomeric vanadate (Vi) concentrations. The Mg2+ stimulated myofibril ATPase activities were significantly reduced in the activity group (E). Myofibril ATPase activity from control animals increased from 0.056 +/- 0.021 to 0.216 +/- 0.030 mumol X Pi X mg 1 X min-1 with 0.1-10.0 microM Ca2+. The addition of 15.0 microM Vi resulted in a 37% decrease in ATPase activity of C animals. With regard to the experimental group, the myofibril ATPase activity at 0.1 and 1.0 microM Ca2+ were depressed (P less than 0.05) with the values at 5.0 and 10.0 microM Ca2+ being similar to the control group (P greater than 0.05). Incubations with Vi resulted in an enhanced myofibril ATPase activity for E compared to C animals. The ATPase activities were increased by 17, 10, 10 and 15% at 3.0, 5.0, 10.0 and 15.0 microM Vi. The results suggest that the exhaustive exercise raises the CA2+ requirement for half-maximal activation of cardiac myofibril ATPase activity and that the contracto-regulatory mechanism of cardiac muscle is similarly altered. PMID- 6230275 TI - The preparation of heparan sulfate from the mitral valve of the human heart. AB - A study has been made of the glycosaminoglycan composition of the mitral valve of the normal human heart. Five glycosaminoglycans were isolated from tryptic digest of the material and were assayed by determining the carbohydrate content. Separation of these five polymers was achieved by Dowex 1 X 2 column chromatography. They were identified as hyaluronic acid, heparan sulfate, chondroitin-4-sulfate, dermatan sulfate and chondroitin-6-sulfate, respectively. As far as the authors are aware, this is the first isolation of heparan sulfate from the preparation of the mitral valve of the normal human heart. PMID- 6230276 TI - Myofibril ATPase activity of cardiac and skeletal muscle of exhaustively exercised rats. AB - The activation characteristics of Mg-ATP and Ca2+ on cardiac and skeletal muscle myofibril ATPase activity were studied in rats following a run to exhaustion. In addition, the effect of varying ionic strength was determined on skeletal muscle from exhausted animals. The exhausted group (E) ran at a speed of 25 m min-1 with an 8% incline. Myofibril ATPase activities for control (C) and E were determined with 1, 3 and 5 mM Mg-ATP and 1 and 10 microM Ca2+ at pH 7.0 and 30 degrees C. For control skeletal muscle, at 1 and 10 microM Ca2+, there was an increase in ATPase activity from 1 to 5 mM Mg-ATP (P less than 0.05). For E animals the myofibril ATPase activities at 10 microM Ca2+ and all Mg-ATP concentrations were similar to C (P greater than 0.05). At 1.0 microM Ca2+ and all Mg-ATP concentrations were similar to C (P greater than 0.05). At 1.0 microM Ca2+ the activities at 3 and 5 mM Mg-ATP were greater for the E animals (P less than 0.05). Increasing KCl concentrations resulted in greater inhibition for E animals. With cardiac muscle, the myofibril ATPase activities at 1.0 microM free Ca2+ were lower for E at all Mg-ATP levels (P less than 0.05). In contrast, at 10 microM Ca2+, the E group exhibited an elevated myofibril ATPase activity. The results indicate that Mg-ATP and Ca2+ activation of cardiac and skeletal muscle myofibril ATPase is altered with exhaustive exercise. PMID- 6230277 TI - Dislocation in Down's syndrome. PMID- 6230278 TI - Down's syndrome: is dissatisfaction with disclosure of diagnosis inevitable? AB - A survey of a representative sample of 62 parents of Down's syndrome infants revealed a high level (58 per cent) of dissatisfaction with the procedure for disclosing the diagnosis and with the immediate counselling services. From the replies and previous reports, a 'model procedure' was set up in one Area Health Authority to test the hypothesis that dissatisfaction is inevitable. Parents receiving the 'model procedure' reported 100 per cent satisfaction, compared with 20 per cent in a control group. It was concluded that dissatisfaction is not inevitable but results directly from organisational difficulties in not providing the necessary service. PMID- 6230279 TI - Course, prognosis and complications of childhood-onset myotonic dystrophy. AB - The outcome for 71 patients with childhood-onset myotonic dystrophy was examined. In addition to 18 patients with later onset, but presenting in childhood, and 46 with the congenital form, seven patients from congenital sibships who did not present in the neonatal period were found to have myotonic dystrophy of intermediate severity. The incidence of the congenital form in South Wales was six per 100,000. In all groups the mortality rate was low after the perinatal period. The prognosis for normal family life and ultimate gainful employment was poor. Testicular atrophy in congenitally affected males was evident at puberty, and there was a high incidence of gastro-intestinal problems. The contributions of deafness as a result of recurrent otitis, and of severe articulation defects, should be considered when assessing the degree of mental handicap. PMID- 6230280 TI - Disabled learn how to keep physically fit. PMID- 6230281 TI - T-cell subsets in liver diseases. PMID- 6230282 TI - [Medium-dose oral cyproterone acetate therapy in women with moderate androgenization. Results of a multicenter double-blind study]. AB - The low-dose oral standard antiandrogen treatment with cyproterone acetate (CPA), Diane, is frequently associated with unsatisfactory results regarding moderate to severe seborrhoea/acne/acne and/or mild to moderate hirsutism. This multicenter double-blind study (n = 164) was, therefore, initiated to analyze the effectiveness of a medium dose oral regimen, i.e. the addition of 10 mg of CPA during the first 15 days of the Diane-treatment cycle. Good or satisfactory results after 3, 6, 9 and 12 months were observed in 61, 81, 95 and 97% of patients with moderate to severe seborrhoea (n = 79); in 53, 95, 98 and 100% of patients with moderate to severe acne (n = 62); and in 10, 28, 45 and 55% of patients with mild to moderate hirsutism (n = 89), respectively. The regression of moderate facial hirsutism and severe facial acne occurred faster and was more complete under the medium-dose than with the low-dose regimen. Side effects corresponded to those of conventional oral contraceptives except for a higher frequency of mastodynia. Both regimens caused a significant suppression of plasma dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, while testosterone, triiodothyronine and thyroxine were lowered insignificantly. In contrast, cortisol, prolactin and insulin increased significantly. The extent of these changes did not differ in both modes of treatment. The medium-dose regimen (total dosage per cycle: 192 mg of CPA) is more effective than the low-dose regimen (42 mg of CPA per cycle) in the treatment of patients with moderate hyperandrogenism who do not require the high-dose oral standard antiandrogen therapy (1000 mg of CP A per cycle). PMID- 6230283 TI - Depression of calcium transport in sarcoplasmic reticulum from diabetic rats: lack of involvement by specific regulatory mediators. AB - Cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) ATP-dependent Ca2+-uptake was found to be depressed in 4 month streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Calmodulin, cAMP dependent protein kinase and K+ stimulated Ca2+-uptake to similar degrees in SR from both control diabetic rats. Long chain acylcarnitine (7 microM) decreased Ca2+-transport in control rats by 46% but only 26% in diabetic animals. The data suggests that the depression in cardiac SR Ca2+-uptake activity in diabetic rats is non-specific in origin and not a result of alterations in regulation of SR function. PMID- 6230284 TI - Serotonergic stimulation of prolactin release in the young turkey (Meleagris gallopavo). AB - Serum prolactin (PRL) levels were determined by homologous radioimmunoassay in 6- to 10-week-old domestic white turkeys treated by intraperitoneal injection of agents that alter serotonergic activity. Quipazine (0.1-10.0 mg/kg), a serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT) agonist, induced a dose-dependent rise in serum PRL level 1 hr after injection. The 5-HT precursor, 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP), at doses of 80 and 150 mg/kg produced over a twofold elevation in PRL level 1 hr after administration, though the 50 mg/kg dose failed to produce any change. Administration of fluoxetine (10 mg/kg), a 5-HT reuptake blocker, induced an elevation in PRL level persisting 3 hr. When fluoxetine injection preceded administration of a weakly stimulatory dose of 5-HTP, a prolonged elevation in PRL level was observed. methysergide (MES), a 5-HT antagonist, administered in a 10 mg/kg dose produced no change in PRL level, while the 25 mg/kg dose initially produced a spike in PRL level which subsequently dropped slightly below the control level. Prior injection of 20 mg/kg MES completely blocked the serum PRL rises induced by quipazine and 5-HTP. These results suggest that serotonergic mechanisms are involved in the regulation of pituitary PRL release beyond basal levels in young domestic turkeys. PMID- 6230285 TI - [Construction and characteristics of mini-Mu phages]. AB - The paper reports on the principles of construction, physical characterization and results of preliminary genetic investigation of hybrid plasmids containing Mu DNA sequences or deletion derivatives of phage Mu, the so-called mini-Mu phages. The mini-Mu were obtained by joining both phage ends within one plasmid in a regular orientation. A collection obtained by in vitro manipulations included 14 recombinant plasmids containing different DNA fragments of the Mu genome. Seven plasmids have both ends of phage Mu, three plasmids containing regularly oriented ends, i.e. mini-phages of different size: the mini-Mu5 (11 kb) within pRM8 plasmid, the mini-Mu4 Ap (18 kb) within pRM6 and the mini-mini-Mu (4.4 kb) within pRM5. The collection comprises mini-Mu phages with the gene kil inactivated after treatment with hydroxylamine. Biological properties of the hybrid plasmids have been preliminary studied. PMID- 6230286 TI - Properties of ATPases and energy-rich phosphates in erythrocytes of young and old individuals. AB - In the erythrocytes of individuals below 30 and above 60 years of age, the activities of several ATPases, the contents of ATP, ADP and AMP as well as the concentration of sialic acid on the erythrocyte membrane were measured. All parameters decreased with the sole exception of AMP which increased with age. PMID- 6230287 TI - Longevity in Abkhazia: a reevaluation. PMID- 6230288 TI - [Immunologic status of agricultural workers based on indices of blood serum immunoglobulins]. PMID- 6230289 TI - [Preventive health inspection of the manufacture of PPU articles using Soviet antiadhesive lubricants]. PMID- 6230290 TI - [Characteristics of the processes of adapting to the occupational activities of a city bus driver]. PMID- 6230291 TI - [Health indices of female instrument-control operators in the low-tonnage chemical industry]. PMID- 6230292 TI - [Working conditions for workers engaged in welding]. PMID- 6230293 TI - [Characteristics of sleep disorders in occupational diseases due to antibiotic exposure]. PMID- 6230294 TI - [Hygienic evaluation of working conditions and health status of workers drilling superdeep boreholes]. PMID- 6230295 TI - [Transglycosylation activity in human body fluids with special reference to amniotic fluid]. PMID- 6230296 TI - Controlled trial of a thymic hormone extract (Thymostimulin) in 'autoimmune' chronic active hepatitis. AB - A randomised controlled trial of thymic hormone extracts (Thymostimulin) (1 mg/kg/day for seven days; 1 mg/kg/weekly thereafter) was undertaken in 30 patients (21 women, nine men) with treated, apparently inactive 'autoimmune' chronic active hepatitis during withdrawal of maintenance corticosteroid and azathioprine therapy. Reactivation of disease occurred in 26 patients (86%) during or after treatment withdrawal and was as frequent in the Thymostimulin treated (11 of 13; 84%) and untreated (15 of 17; 88%; p greater than 0.05) groups. Reactivation of disease was accompanied by a severe defect in concanavalin A induced suppressor cell activity, the magnitude of which was similar in the Thymostimulin treated and untreated groups (mean % suppression = 16.4 and 3.2 respectively; p greater than 0.05 vs 84.4 in control subjects). Further studies assessing the optimal dose, duration of treatment, and mode of administration are required to establish a therapeutic role for thymic hormone extracts in 'autoimmune' chronic active hepatitis. PMID- 6230298 TI - Exercise induces in vivo platelet activation in patients with coronary artery disease and in healthy individuals. AB - Recently, conflicting results have been published about a possible relationship between platelet activity and exercise-induced myocardial ischemia. The present study was performed to investigate platelet behavior during a graded symptom limited bicycle ergometer test both in relation to the intensity of exercise and to exercise-induced myocardial ischemia. Plasma concentrations of platelet factor 4 (PF4) and beta-thromboglobulin (beta-TG) were measured by radioimmunoassays in 53 patients who had had acute myocardial infarction 10 weeks before the study and, for comparison, in 9 healthy individuals. In the whole group of the 53 patients there was no significant alteration in platelet-specific proteins during exercise, whereas physical activity induced a 2- to 3-fold increase in beta-TG and PF4 levels in the controls. However, on differentiation of the patients as to their individual exercise performance, significant exercise-associated platelet activation was demonstrable in those who reached more than 75% of their calculated maximal working capacity, whereas no correlation was found between platelet activity and exercise-induced myocardial ischemia. Thus, the results from this study indicate that in vivo platelet activation is a physiological phenomenon which occurs when a certain degree of physical intensity is exceeded, independent of the precipitation of myocardial ischemia. PMID- 6230297 TI - [Study of platelet function in patients with migraine]. PMID- 6230299 TI - [Control of reconstructive vascular surgery using digital subtraction angiography (DSA)]. AB - 100 patients were evaluated by DSA after vessel reconstructions by surgery or percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA). The visualization of the proved vessels was very good or good in 92%, sufficient in 6% and without diagnostic value in 2%. Patency of grafts and postoperative vascular abnormalities like stenoses, occlusions or aneurysms were well demonstrated. According to our results, DSA is an excellent semi-invasive method with a high accuracy for postoperative evaluation of vascular reconstructions. PMID- 6230300 TI - [Isometric muscle contraction: efficacy of functional orthodontic appliances]. PMID- 6230301 TI - [Preliminary results of functional early treatment on the improvement of maxillofacial relations in small children with Down's syndrome]. PMID- 6230302 TI - [Chronic circulatory disorders]. AB - For all parts of the body the clinical picture of obstructive vascular disease is decisive. Invasive diagnostic techniques are only advisable if surgical treatment is considered. Angiography reveals only the site of the obstruction and the run off-situation in operable cases. In cerebral and in coronary surgery operations can only be recommended if the tissue behind the obstruction is still alive; whether necrotic brain nor dead myocardium can be reanimated by revascularisation. Cerebral and coronary vascular surgery have therefore more prophylactic intentions. In peripheral arterial obstructions an operation should save the leg but not treat intermittent claudication. PMID- 6230303 TI - Choroid plexus thrombosis and hemorrhage caused by disseminated intravascular coagulation in Down's syndrome. AB - This report concerns an unusual case of thrombosis and hemorrhage in the choroid plexus caused by disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). The case is of special interest because it occurred in a patient with Down's syndrome. Nevertheless, there is no causal relation between Down's syndrome and the choroid plexus lesion except that mongols are susceptible to infections that trigger DIC. The association of choroid plexus thrombosis-hemorrhage and Down's syndrome is coincidental and does not indicate a basic vascular defect. PMID- 6230304 TI - Chromosome abnormalities and season of birth. AB - A study of seasonality has been made of birth of individuals with chromosome abnormalities registered in the Danish Cytogenetic Central Register before January 1, 1981. Significant seasonal variation in birth was found for males with Klinefelter's syndrome born before 1946, but not for those born later, and not for any other sex chromosome abnormality. No significant monthly variation was found for any autosomal abnormality, except a significant increase in the frequency of conceptions for Down's syndrome during the first 4 months of the year, using a chi square with 2 degrees of freedom. PMID- 6230305 TI - Reactivity pattern of 15 HLA-Dw1 homozygous typing cells in primary mixed lymphocyte culture. AB - The Dw1 specificity was highly correlated with the serologically determined HLA DR1 antigen in the Eighth International Histocompatibility Workshop 1980. By testing a large number of HLA-Dw1, DR1 defined homozygous typing cells (HTC) in a checkerboard primary mixed lymphocyte reaction, on a panel of about 30 HLA-DR1 heterozygous individuals, and in family segregation, three Dw1 "subtypes" could be defined in association with certain HLA-A, -B, and -C-antigens. HTC TA, FRI, and FRA carrying the HLA haplotypes A11, B35, Cw4 or A3, B35, Cw4 in the homozygous state gave positive typing results with most HLA-DR1 positive panel members and stimulated only four other Dw1 HTCs (SRR less than or equal to 35%). In contrast to this operationally "broad" specificity, Dw1-HTC-HEN (HLA-A2, B44, C-, homozygous) was non-stimulatory to all HTCs except one, but gave high responses against these, leading to the definition of a "narrow" specificity included in the "broad" one. Another such "narrow" specificity was represented by HTC FEE (HLA-A2, B27, Cw2 homozygous). Typing patterns with FEE were mostly different from those defined with other HTC. In family studies a specific typing pattern for this HTC could be shown to segregate with HLA. However, within some of these responses a contribution of the HLA haplotype in the trans position must be assumed. PMID- 6230307 TI - Cardiac involvement in chronic myeloid leukaemia: rapid recovery with treatment. PMID- 6230306 TI - Use of a chromosome 21 cloned DNA probe for the analysis of non-disjunction in Down syndrome. AB - A recombinant clone was isolated containing a sequence which occurs only on human chromosome 21 and defines a two-allele restriction fragment length polymorphism showing Mendelian inheritance. Forty seven percent of the London population are heterozygous for the polymorphism. The chromosomal location of the DNA sequence homologous to the probe was confirmed using rodent-human somatic cell hybrids. DNA from persons with Down syndrome and from their parents was analysed. It was possible to confirm trisomy 21 by dosage hybridisation to Southern blots, and to determine the origin of the supernumerary chromosome. The technique will be of use for determination of the paternal or maternal origin of nondisjunction in cases of Down syndrome which are not informative using existing markers. PMID- 6230308 TI - Lymphoblastoid cell supernatants increase expression of C3b receptors on human polymorphonuclear leucocytes: direct binding studies with 125I-C3b. AB - Human PMN incubated in culture supernatants of the Raji long-term human lymphoblastoid cell line showed increased rosette formation with sheep erythrocytes coated with C3b (EIgM C4b3b) but no change in rosette formation with IgG-coated erythrocytes. This suggested a specific increase in cell surface C3b receptors, which was further investigated using 125I-C3b for direct binding studies. The results confirmed that specific binding of 125I-C3b to PMN incubated in culture supernatants increased up to three- to four-fold over binding to PMN incubated in control media alone. Scatchard analysis revealed that the apparent Ka for supernatant-treated cells, 3.36 +/- 0.89 X 10(7) L/M did not differ from the Ka for cells incubated in control media, 3.76 +/- 0.75 X 10(7) L/M, suggesting an increase in a single class of C3b receptors. Kinetic studies revealed that the active factor was present within 24 hr of culture of the Raji cells, and that neutrophils incubated in culture supernatants increased their C3b receptors continuously for up to 4 hr, the longest interval tested. The effect of the culture supernatant was lost with dilution beyond eight- to 10-fold. The results suggest that culture supernatants of this long-term lymphoblastoid cell line contain soluble factors that induce increased expression of C3b receptors on PMN and may thus serve as a model for study of important physiologic effects of lymphocyte products on PMN in vivo. PMID- 6230309 TI - Defective regulation of erythrocyte autoantibodies in SJL mice. AB - When SJL mice are hyperimmunized with rat red blood cells (RBC), tolerance to self is readily broken and these animals develop a high autoantibody response to their own RBC. However, these mice also fail to generate those antigen-specific suppressor cells which normally regulate this induced autoantibody response. PMID- 6230310 TI - IgG subclass distribution of autoantibodies to DNA and to nuclear ribonucleoproteins in autoimmune diseases. AB - Fifty-seven serum samples positive for antibodies to double-stranded DNA (dsDNA), single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) or small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNP) selected from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and mixed connective tissue disease, were examined for the IgG subclass distribution of these autoantibodies. It was shown that antibodies to dsDNA were relatively restricted to IgG1 and IgG3 subclasses whilst antibodies to ssDNA were equally distributed throughout the four subclasses. Antibodies to snRNP were essentially restricted to the IgG2 isotype. These isotype distribution patterns contrasted with that observed for total serum IgG. PMID- 6230311 TI - [Treatment of acne with lose-dose josamycin]. PMID- 6230312 TI - [Experience with a new combined preparation (benzoylperoxide plus miconazole nitrate) in the topical therapy of acne]. PMID- 6230314 TI - Marker and functional characterization of immunoregulatory cells in rheumatoid arthritis. AB - In 34 patients with rheumatoid arthritis we determined the regulatory index OKT 4: OKT 8 and the suppressor index delta 24: delta 0. There is no correlation between the results of the detection of subpopulations with monoclonal antibodies and of the functional test to determine the suppressor activity. The enhanced mitogen-induced proliferation after 24-h preincubation is regularly associated with a rise in the regulatory index; however, without convincing quantitative correlation. It can be concluded, that only a small portion of the cell population identified by monoclonal antibodies OKT 4 and OKT 8 exerts helper or suppressor activities. At present, identification of regulatory T-cell subpopulation should be complemented by functional tests. PMID- 6230313 TI - [Microbiologic study of 76 patients with pityriasis sicca, pityriasis steatoides and pseudotinea amiantacea]. PMID- 6230315 TI - Evaluation of the immunosuppression in an experimental model of autoimmunity: suppressor activity of spleen cells from cyclophosphamide-treated rats. AB - Rats immunized with chemically modified rat male accessory glands (MRAG) and injected 3 days later with cyclophosphamide (CY) were unable to develop humoral and cellular immune response to the autoantigen of MRAG. The present report demonstrates that the spleen mononuclear (SpM) cells transference from rats injected with CY 3 days after the antigen to normal male or female syngeneic animals before immunization with MRAG did not suppress the immune response to this antigen, whereas the transference of SpM cells from suppressed animals to animals previously immunized, depressed the delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) response against MRAG (suppression of the expression) only in male rats. Similar results were obtained by transference of purified T cells. SpM cells did not suppress an established humoral immune response induced in male or female rats. The results suggest that non-adherent cells present in the spleen of male suppressed rats might be one of the responsible mechanisms for suppression of the efferent phase of the cellular autoimmune response to MRAG. PMID- 6230316 TI - Differential effect of ultrasonication on the myofibrils (myofibrillar ATPase activity) of normal & experimental muscles of adult albino rat Rattus norvegicus. PMID- 6230317 TI - Effect of centchroman on in vitro steroid metabolism by pre-implantation rabbit blastocysts. PMID- 6230318 TI - A preliminary report on the development of an arterial prosthesis. PMID- 6230319 TI - Lowered Fc IgG receptor-bearing T lymphocytes correlate with non-organ-specific autoantibodies in silicosis. AB - A survey of silicosis patients and people exposed to silica dust was set up in an effort to look for any relationship between humoral and cell-mediated autoimmune phenomena. It was found that in both sets of subjects, the level of Fc IgG receptor-bearing T lymphocytes was significantly reduced, there was also an inverse correlation between these cell concentrations and IgG- and IgM circulating immune complex levels. In addition, raised levels of various autoantibodies were found in both groups, however, none of the exposed subjects has developed silicosis to date. PMID- 6230320 TI - Modulation of IgE response by phytohemagglutinin. AB - The effect of the administration of phytohemagglutinin (PHA) on the IgE response was studied. RF mice were immunized with OA in aluminum hydroxide gel and PHA was injected 1 or 2 days before the immunization in doses of 80 or 1 microliter. Results show that PHA injected on day -1 induces suppression and PHA administered on day -2 induces some stimulation in the IgE response. This effect is independent of the PHA doses used and does not affect the anti-OA hemagglutinin production. PMID- 6230321 TI - Defective cell-mediated immunity in lipoid nephrosis. AB - Cell-mediated immunity (CMI) was studied in 28 patients with biopsy-proven lipoid nephrosis (LN). The LN patients with nephrotic syndrome (NS) had a significant depression in CMI, characterized by impaired delayed hypersensitivity skin reactivity to purified protein derivative (PPD), depressed local graft-versus host reaction (GVHR), decreased proportion of T lymphocytes and diminished lymphocyte transformation to phytohemagglutinin (PHA). Concanavalin A (Con A) induced suppressor cell activity (SCA) was found to be significantly increased in LN patients with NS compared to that in normal individuals. In contrast, the mean levels of CMI and SCA studied in LN patients in remission and in patients with chronic mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis (CGN) did not differ from normal subjects. Our findings support the notion that at least in some LN patients with the NS, activated suppressor cells are present and possibly account for their decreased CMI. PMID- 6230322 TI - Effect of pH on the formation of Tc(NaBH4)-MDP radiopharmaceutical analogues. AB - Anion exchange high performance liquid chromatography has been employed to separate components of 99mTc(NaBH4)-MDP formulations prepared as a function of pH, the presence or absence of 99Tc carrier, and the presence or absence of air. The formulation pH is an effective variable for controlling the generation and interconversion of 99mTc-MDP components, and for allowing the preparation of large quantities of specific 99mTc-MDP complexes for biological evaluation. PMID- 6230323 TI - The biological distributions of some technetium-MDP components isolated by anion exchange high performance liquid chromatography. AB - Individual components of 99mTc(NaBH4)-MDP mixtures, separated by anion exchange HPLC, have been evaluated as skeletal imaging agents in rats. Biodistribution data show that the evaluated components exhibit markedly different bone uptakes and soft tissue localizations. The component with the highest bone uptake and the highest bone/muscle and bone/blood ratios, is the major component of carrier added 99mTc(NaBH4)-MDP formulations prepared at pH 8.2. Comparative scintiphotos illustrate the enhanced imaging performance of this component vs unseparated reaction mixtures. PMID- 6230325 TI - The efficacy of large volume plasma exchange in chemotherapy resistant malignancies. AB - Chemotherapy resistance in cancer patients may be due to serum blocking factors, which can be diminished or eliminated by large volume plasma exchange (PE). This procedure was performed with the IBM blood cell separator in 69 patients resistant to chemotherapy. Immediately after PE the chemotherapy was given but it was reinstituted, if clinical evaluation revealed partial remission, minor response or no change. 37 out of 69 patients (53.6%) responded again, 32 (46.4%) did not. Response duration ranged from 2 to 45 weeks. Best clinical results were obtained in patients with colorectal cancer, 15 out of 23 showed improvement between 4 to 45 weeks. Serum blocking activity was measured using a modified mixed lymphocyte culture assay (MLC). There was a 80% positive correlation between clinical course of patients and MLC levels, if basic activity before the first PE was compared to MLC inhibition before the following PE's. PMID- 6230324 TI - Cascade filtration: clinical application in 26 patients with immune complex and IgM mediated diseases. AB - A new technique which allows lymphocytapheresis to be combined with cascade filtration (CF) is described in this paper. This therapeutical approach was applied for the treatment of patients affected by necrotizing vasculitis (1), inflammatory myopathies (5), Cryoglobulinemia (5), immune complex polyneuropathies (7), rheumatoid arthritis (3) and psoriasis (3 patients). Two cases of Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia were also treated after the onset of the hyperviscosity syndrome. 78 procedures have been performed without any untoward effect. From a clinical point of view all patients had some improvement following treatment, thereby confirming not only the clinical safety of this therapeutical approach but also its effectiveness at least in the management of diseases which usually respond to plasma exchange treatment. Laboratory investigations showed that with CF it is possible to selectively remove IgM, immune complexes, fibrinogen, lipoproteins and high molecular weight plasma components, sparing most albumin and IgG globulins (85 and 71%, respectively). PMID- 6230327 TI - Does contact sensitivity last? PMID- 6230326 TI - Comparative effects of SCH 1000 and fenoterol after histamine-induced bronchoconstriction in asymptomatic asthmatics. AB - In 16 asymptomatic asthmatics a functional study was carried out under controlled conditions during histamine bronchial provocation test (HBPT) and after bronchodilation test with either SCH 1000 or fenoterol by evaluating both SRAW and the slope of the alveolar plateau of nitrogen washout curve (N2 ph III). During HBPT, 9 of 16 subjects showed a central response (increase in RAW and SRAW only), whereas in the remaining 7 subjects histamine induced a mixed response due to an increase in both SRAW and N2 ph III. No differences between the two groups were observed in age and functional data during controlled conditions. Doses of delivered histamine were not significantly different. In 5 of 9 central responders to HBPT, SCH 1000 induced a decrease in SRAW only, whereas in 3 of the remaining 4 fenoterol caused both central and peripheral bronchodilation (decrease in both SRAW and N2 ph III). All mixed responders to HBPT showed a mixed bronchodilation during SCH 1000 (three subjects) or fenoterol (the remaining four). These data seem to indicate that the mechanism of bronchodilation induced by SCH 1000 is related to that of histamine-induced bronchoconstriction. Moreover, bronchodilation due to fenoterol could be related to a vagal modulation or be a systemic direct effect. PMID- 6230328 TI - Coumadin-induced skin necrosis. AB - Two women developed coumadin-induced skin necrosis. A 16-year-old woman sustained necrosis on the leg after a single dose of the drug, and a 59-year-old woman developed gangrene of most of her left breast. PMID- 6230329 TI - Vohwinkel's keratoma hereditarium mutilans. AB - A 35-year-old black man and his two daughters have massive keratoderma of the palms and soles and ainhum-like constrictions of the fifth toes in two of the three patients. Although there are various types of familial hyperkeratosis, our patients have dermatologic manifestations most consistent with Vohwinkel's keratoma hereditarium mutilans. PMID- 6230330 TI - Penicillin-induced skin eruption. PMID- 6230331 TI - Prevention of induction of suppressor activity in human mononuclear leukocytes by ascorbate and cysteine in vitro. AB - Concanavalin A (con A) and the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug benoxaprofen caused increased oxidative metabolism and suppressor activity in human mononuclear leukocytes in vitro. The relationship between enhanced oxidative metabolism and suppressor activity in MNL was investigated using the water soluble anti-oxidants ascorbate and cysteine at fixed concentrations of 1 X 10( 3) M. Ascorbate and cysteine inhibited both the induction of suppressor activity and increased oxidative metabolism in MNL caused by con A and benoxaprofen. It is proposed that ascorbate and cysteine prevent the induction of non-specific suppressor activity in MNL by an anti-oxidant mechanism. PMID- 6230332 TI - Diurnal variations in amino acid incorporation into inner segment opsin. AB - Polyacrylamide gel and immunoelectrophoresis were used to measure the specific activity of nascent inner segment opsin following injections of labeled amino acids into frogs at different times during the diurnal cycle. Animals injected just after light onset showed the greatest incorporation of label into opsin, while animals injected during the night period had the lowest levels of isotope incorporation. As determined by rocket immunoelectrophoresis, there was a 13-fold decline in specific activity in animals injected during the late night hours in comparison with animals injected just after light onset. In contrast, rod outer segment rhodopsin-specific activity did not vary as greatly. Animals subjected to a 12-hour light-12-hour dark diurnal cycle incorporated only twice the radiolabeled amino acids into their rhodopsin compared with animals injected and maintained in constant dark for 24 hours. Taken together, these experiments suggest that adult Rana pipiens accumulate opsin within their inner segments during the dark phase of the diurnal cycle and that alterations of this pool effect changes in inner segment opsin specific activity. Differences in outer segment rhodopsin specific activity are probably due to averaged metabolic differences between constant dark and light-dark animals. PMID- 6230334 TI - Nutritional factors: can they reduce the incidence of mental handicap? PMID- 6230335 TI - Incontinence services for the disabled child. 2: The provision of information and advice. PMID- 6230333 TI - Discitis--the irritable back of childhood. PMID- 6230336 TI - Tall T waves: electrocardiographic differential diagnosis. PMID- 6230337 TI - Genetic markers in Huntington's disease. An association study on Danish patients. PMID- 6230338 TI - The radial distribution of succinate dehydrogenase activity in porcine muscle fibres. AB - A microscope photometer with a computer-controlled scanning stage was used to map the distribution of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity in transverse sections of skeletal muscle fibres of pigs from 9 to 29 weeks of age. Absorbance due to SDH activity was measured in successive concentric zones that converged on the central axis of the muscle fibre. In all fibres, there was less SDH activity in the axis of the fibre than in the periphery of the fibre. In fibres with strong adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activity and weak overall SDH activity, the radial gradient of SDH activity remained constant as fibres grew in cross sectional area. However, in fibres with weak ATPase and strong SDH and in fibres with strong ATPase and strong SDH, the radial gradient of SDH activity increased as fibres grew larger. Changes in radial gradients were due to both decreased SDH activity in the axis and to increased SDH activity in the periphery. In all three fibre types, the overall SDH activity per fibre increased with age. PMID- 6230339 TI - Enhancement of idiotype-anti-idiotype T cell interactions by monoclonal OKT11A antibody. AB - We have demonstrated that OKT11A, a mouse monoclonal antibody recognizing the E receptor on human T lymphocytes, strongly enhances the autologous mixed lymphocyte culture (AMLC) response induced by T lymphoblasts, while inhibiting the AMLC response induced by B lymphoblasts as well as the T cell response to alloantigens and soluble antigens. This antibody seems to enhance the idiotype anti-idiotype interaction between resting and activated T lymphocytes. PMID- 6230340 TI - Acute pelvic inflammatory disease: follow-up in laparoscopically confirmed cases. PMID- 6230341 TI - [Remarks on prenatal diagnosis - National Swedish Social Welfare Board Memo 1982:27]. PMID- 6230343 TI - Techniques and applications of nuclear medicine in the diagnosis of equine lameness. PMID- 6230342 TI - Survey of vomitoxin-contaminated feed grains in midwestern United States, and associated health problems in swine. AB - During the 1981 corn harvest season in Illinois and surrounding states, cold wet weather enhanced the growth of Fusarium graminearum, with resulting contamination by vomitoxin and, to a lesser extent, zearalenone. Of 342 feed samples analyzed, 274 contained vomitoxin at a concentration ranging from 0.1 to 41.6 ppm (mean, 3.1 ppm) and 40 samples contained zearalenone at a concentration ranging from 0.1 to 8 ppm (mean, 0.66 ppm). Animal health problems and reduced growth performance were observed mainly in swine fed vomitoxin-contaminated rations. The predominant clinical complaints, in decreasing frequency were: reproductive problems (50%), feed refusal (43%), reduced weight gain (25%), diarrhea (17%), death (14%), and emesis (11%). PMID- 6230344 TI - The pharmacokinetics and tissue penetration of norfloxacin. AB - The pharmacokinetics and cantharides-induced blister fluid levels of norfloxacin were studied after a single 400 mg oral dose. The mean maximum serum level was 1.45 mg/l and occurred 1.5 h after administration. The serum half-life of norfloxacin was found to be 3.5 h. After 24 h 27% of the administered dose was recovered in the urine as microbiologically active compound. High urine levels were found. Rapid blister fluid penetration occurred, the maximum level (occurring between 2-3 h) was about 1 mg/l. Thereafter the blister fluid level exceeded the serum level, both declining in parallel. PMID- 6230345 TI - Assessing raters' policies in evaluating proposed services for transporting the physically handicapped. PMID- 6230346 TI - A lacZ-ftsZ gene fusion is an analog of the cell division inhibitor sulA. AB - An in-frame lacZ-ftsZ gene fusion under lac control was fortuitously constructed by subcloning an EcoRI fragment that contains approximately 90% of the ftsZ gene. The identity of the gene fusion was confirmed by isolating an amber mutation in the hybrid gene and then using it to reconstruct the ftsZ gene, which now contained an amber mutation. The hybrid protein (ZZ), which does not possess ftsZ activity, contains seven amino acids of lacZ at its amino terminal end, followed by 35,000 daltons of the carboxyl end of the ftsZ protein. Induction of the hybrid protein resulted in a rapid cessation of cell division which could be reversed by removing the lac inducer. This inhibition of division could be prevented by an increased gene dosage of ftsZ or the presence of the sulB allele of ftsZ, which is known to code for an altered but functional ftsZ protein. An increased gene dosage of ftsZ or the presence of the sulB allele of ftsZ is known to overcome sulA-mediated inhibition of division during the SOS response. Thus, our results suggest that ZZ is an analog of sulA and may aid in determining how sulA inhibits cell division. PMID- 6230347 TI - Isolation and analysis of two Escherichia coli K-12 ilv attenuator deletion mutants with high-level constitutive expression of an ilv-lac fusion operon. AB - A lysogenizing lambda phage, lambda dilv-lac11, was constructed to carry an ilvD lac operon fusion. Expression from the phage of the ilvE and lacZ genes is controlled by an intact ilv control region also carried by this phage. Two spontaneous mutants of lambda dilv-lac11 that have high-level constitutive expression of the ilv-lac fusion operon were isolated by growth on a beta chloroalanine selective medium. The mutants were shown by nucleotide sequence determination to contain large deletions (delta 2216, approximately 1.6 kilobases; delta 2219, approximately 1.9 kilobases), which in both cases remove the proposed ilv attenuator terminator. The rest of the ilv leader and promoter region DNA remains intact in these mutants. Deletion 2216 also removed part of the downstream ilvG gene, whereas delta 2219 extended through the entire ilvG gene into the ilvGE intercistronic region. A possible mechanism of deletion formation is discussed. PMID- 6230348 TI - Comparison of the effects of smooth and skeletal tropomyosin on skeletal actomyosin subfragment 1 ATPase. AB - Chicken gizzard tropomyosin, like rabbit skeletal tropomyosin, inhibits and activates skeletal actomyosin subfragment 1 ATPase at low and high [subfragment 1], respectively, showing that both smooth and skeletal tropomyosin qualitatively produce similar cooperative effects on activity. For gizzard tropomyosin, however, the extent of the inhibition was less, and the activation curve rose more sharply at lower [subfragment 1]. In terms of a two-state cooperative activity model for the actin-tropomyosin filament (Hill, T. L., Eisenberg, E., and Chalovich, J. (1981) Biophys. J. 35, 99-112), these results qualitatively suggest that, for the gizzard tropomyosin system, more units are initially in the active state (in the absence of subfragment 1) and that the switching of units to the active state is more cooperative. The greater cooperativity indicated for the gizzard system may be a consequence of the greater rigidity of gizzard tropomyosin indicated from conformational studies. PMID- 6230349 TI - Regulation of molluscan actomyosin ATPase activity. AB - The interaction of myosin and actin in many invertebrate muscles is mediated by the direct binding of Ca2+ to myosin, in contrast to modes of regulation in vertebrate skeletal and smooth muscles. Earlier work showed that the binding of skeletal muscle myosin subfragment 1 to the actin-troponin-tropomyosin complex in the presence of ATP is weakened by less than a factor of 2 by removal of Ca2+ although the maximum rate of ATP hydrolysis decreases by 96%. We have now studied the invertebrate type of regulation using heavy meromyosin (HMM) prepared from both the scallop Aequipecten irradians and the squid Loligo pealii. Binding of these HMMs to rabbit skeletal actin was determined by measuring the ATPase activity present in the supernatant after sedimenting acto-HMM in an ultracentrifuge. The HMM of both species bound to actin in the presence of ATP, even in the absence of Ca2+, although the binding constant in the absence of Ca2+ (4.3 X 10(3) M-1) was about 20% of that in the presence of Ca+ (2.2 X 10(4) M-1). Studies of the steady state ATPase activity of these HMMs as a function of actin concentration revealed that the major effect of removing Ca2+ was to decrease the maximum velocity, extrapolated to infinite actin concentration, by 80-85%. Furthermore, at high actin concentrations where most of the HMM was bound to actin, the rate of ATP hydrolysis remained inhibited in the absence of Ca+. Therefore, inhibition of the ATPase rate in the absence of Ca2+ cannot be due simply to an inhibition of the binding of HMM to actin; rather, Ca2+ must also directly alter the kinetics of ATP hydrolysis. PMID- 6230350 TI - Calcium-activated ATPase of the chick embryonic chorioallantoic membrane. Identification, developmental expression, and topographic relationship with calcium-binding protein. AB - A Ca2+-activated ATPase activity is present in the chick embryonic chorioallantoic membrane (CAM), the placenta-like tissue which translocates eggshell calcium into the embryonic circulation. The enzyme is membrane-bound, ATP-specific, Mg2+-dependent, exhibits dual Km values of 30 microM and 0.3 mM Ca2+, and has a Mr of 170,000. Throughout embryonic development, a single electrophoretic form of the Ca2+-ATPase is found and, furthermore, its specific activity as a function of age follows a bimodal pattern. In particular, from incubation days 14-15 to the end of gestation, a period representing rapid embryonic calcium accumulation, Ca2+-ATPase specific activity increases 6-fold. Cytohistochemistry localized the Ca2+-ATPase exclusively within the CAM ectoderm which lies adjacent to the calcium-rich shell membrane/eggshell. In a parallel study, cleavable bifunctional cross-linking agents were used to characterize the in situ protein topography of the CAM ectodermal surface adjacent to the calcium binding protein (CaBP), a CAM cell-surface protein associated with calcium transport. We found that the immediate near neighbor of the CaBP is a 170,000 Mr, membrane-bound protein. The 170,000 protein was co-isolated with the CaBP after cross-linkage in situ and subsequent immunoprecipitation with anti-CaBP antibodies. Reductive cleavage of the immune complex released detectable Ca2+ ATPase activity, suggesting that the 170,000 protein is the Ca2+-ATPase of the CAM. PMID- 6230352 TI - Isolation of the structural genes for the alpha and beta subunits of the mitochondrial ATPase from the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. AB - The structural genes for the two major subunits of the mitochondrial ATPase were isolated among genomic clones from the yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe by transformation and complementation of mutants unable to grow on glycerol and lacking either the alpha or the beta subunits. The plasmid pMa1 containing a 2.3 kilobase genomic insert transformed the mutant A23-13 lacking a detectable alpha subunit. The transformant grew on glycerol and contained an alpha subunit of normal electrophoretic mobility. The plasmid pMa2 containing a 5.4-kilobase genomic insert transformed the mutant B59-1 lacking the beta subunit. The transformant grew on glycerol and contained a beta subunit of normal mobility. The structural gene for the beta ATPase subunit for the fission yeast S. pombe was localized within the pMa2 insert by hybridization to a probe containing the beta ATPase gene from the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Saltzgaber, J., Kunapuli, S., and Douglas, M. G. (1983) J. Biol. Chem. 258, 11465-11470). The mRNAs which hybridized to pMa1 and pMa2 were translated by a reticulocyte lysate into polypeptides of Mr = 59,000 and 54,000, respectively. These genes products reacted with an anti-F1-ATPase serum and therefore correspond most probably to precursors of the alpha and beta subunits. PMID- 6230351 TI - Metal dependence and thermodynamic characteristics of the beef heart mitochondrial adenosine triphosphatase. AB - A systematic study was done examining the steady state kinetics of F1-catalyzed nucleotide hydrolysis in the presence of various activating divalent metal cations. Values of Km and kcat were obtained from Lineweaver-Burk plots, and kcat/Km values were calculated. With some exceptions, kcat/Km was shown to be independent of the metal present for F1-catalyzed ATP hydrolysis, independent of the nucleotide hydrolyzed with magnesium as the metal cation present, and independent of temperature with most activating metal cations. An average value for kcat/Km of 2.62 X 10(5) M-1 S-1 is calculated as the lower limit to the second order rate constant for binding substrate to enzyme. Changes in steady state kinetic parameters with temperature were also studied. The Ki value for ADP inhibition of F1-catalyzed ATP hydrolysis with magnesium as divalent cation present was found to be temperature-independent. Plots of log kcat versus 1/T showed either abrupt breaks or straight line dependencies depending on the metal ion present. These results may indicate that different rate-limiting steps in the reaction sequence can be operative at different temperatures depending on the divalent cation present. PMID- 6230353 TI - Independent loci for the structural genes of the yeast mitochondrial alpha and beta ATPase subunits. AB - In the yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, the structural gene mutations A23-13 (alpha-) and B59-1 (beta-) which totally prevent the expression of either the alpha or the beta subunits of the mitochondrial ATPase, were shown by classical genetic mapping studies to be both located on chromosome I but genetically unlinked. It is concluded that the structural genes ATP1 and ATP2 for the alpha and beta subunits of the mitochondrial ATPase are not organized in a cluster. By both meiotic recombination frequency analysis and gene transfer studies, three single nuclear mutations affecting to different extents the electrophoretic mobility of the beta polypeptide were located on the chromosome I very close to the mutation B59-1 (beta-). Two mutations involved a defective ATPase activity and the inability to grow on glycerol (gly). One of these mutants E5-23 (beta") exhibited a beta subunit of slightly reduced electrophoretic mobility. The other mutation F1-10 (beta) was associated with a beta subunit of normal electrophoretic mobility. The plasmid pMa2 (Boutry, M., Vassarotti, A., Ghislain, M., Douglas, M., Goffeau, A. (1984) J. Biol. Chem. 259, 2840-2844) containing the structural gene for the beta subunit complemented the mutants E5-23 (beta") and F1-10 (beta) as well as B59-1 (beta-). These three mutations are therefore likely to affect the beta structural gene itself or a very contiguous gene contained in the 5.4-kilobase genomic insert of pMa2. The mutation F1-10 (beta) was mapped between E5-23 (beta") and B59-1 (beta-) by analysis of the meiotic recombination frequencies. Another mutation F25-28-11 (beta') was responsible for an appreciable decrease of electrophoretic mobility of the beta subunit which, however, did not affect either the ATPase activity or the ability to grow on glycerol (GLY). This mutant transformed by pMa2 was able to express the structural gene for the wild type beta subunit and the resulting transformants synthesized and assembled both the beta and beta' subunits. It is concluded that the mutation F25-28-11 (beta') also affects the structural gene for the beta subunit and does not affect genes controlling the processing machinery. PMID- 6230354 TI - Plasminogen activation in diabetes mellitus. Kinetic analysis of plasmin formation using components isolated from the plasma of diabetic donors. AB - Two components of the fibrinolytic system, plasminogen and the vascular plasminogen activator, have been isolated to apparent homogeneity from the post venous occlusion plasma of three diabetic patients (hemoglobin A1C greater than 7%) and of one nondiabetic control person. Plasminogen activation was studied for each person separately in the absence and presence of CNBr fragments of fibrinogen. Activation of diabetic plasminogen by urokinase was not significantly altered as compared to the activation of control plasminogen. The same was found when diabetic plasminogen was activated by control vascular plasminogen activator in the presence of fibrinogen fragments but only at plasminogen concentrations below 10-30 nM; at higher substrate concentrations, however, plasminogen activation was impaired in a pattern resembling substrate inhibition. Activation of control plasminogen by diabetic vascular plasminogen activator was completely impaired in the absence of fibrinogen fragments. Addition of fibrinogen fragments stimulated plasmin formation by diabetic vascular plasminogen activator resulting in kinetic constants which were similar to the activation of control plasminogen by control vascular plasminogen activator in the absence of fibrinogen fragments (Km = 7.5 microM, kcat = 0.05 S-1). Addition of fibrinogen fragments in controls decreased Km values to less than 0.1 microM. Despite addition of fibrinogen fragments the rate of plasmin formation from diabetic plasminogen by diabetic vascular plasminogen activator isolated from the same diabetic donor was so small that kinetic constants could not be calculated. PMID- 6230355 TI - Regulation of membrane glycosyltransferases by the sfrB and rfaH genes of Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium. AB - The role of sfrB and rfaH genes in the regulation of expression of membrane glycosyltransferases was studied in Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium. The transferase enzymes form part of a multienzyme system involved in biosynthesis of the polysaccharide core of Gram-negative bacterial lipopolysaccharides. Several sfrB mutants of E. coli showed reductions of 90-98% in the activities of two of the glycosyltransferases (UDP galactose:(glucosyl)lipopolysaccharide 1,6-galactosyltransferase and UDP-glucose: (glucosyl)lipopolysaccharide 1,3-glucosyltransferase). Introduction of a recombinant ColE1 plasmid restored the transferase levels to normal and simultaneously corrected the F-factor defects that also characterize sfrB mutants; recombinant plasmids containing other regions of the E. coli chromosome were ineffective. An amber mutation of the S. typhimurium rfaH gene (thought to be the homologue of the E. coli sfrB gene) resulted in 97% loss of activity of the Salmonella UDP-galactose:(glucosyl)lipopolysaccharide galactosyltransferase. Antibody precipitation studies showed that the loss of enzyme activity in the amber mutant was associated with a corresponding decrease in amount, but not in size, of the transferase protein, indicating that the gene is not the structural gene for the S. typhimurium galactosyltransferase. Taken together, the results indicate that the sfrB(rfaH) gene acts as a positive regulatory element in expression of multiple glycosyltransferases in E. coli and S. typhimurium. PMID- 6230356 TI - Solution X-ray scattering studies of the yeast phosphofructokinase allosteric transition. Characterization of an ATP-induced conformation distinct in quaternary structure from the R and T states of the enzyme. AB - The allosteric transition of yeast phosphofructokinase has been studied by solution x-ray scattering. The scattering curves corresponding to the native enzyme (T conformation) were found to be similar to the curves recorded in the presence of saturating concentrations of fructose 6-phosphate (R conformation) or AMP (R or R' conformation). However, the curves obtained in the presence of ATP are clearly different: the radius of gyration increases and the secondary minima and maxima are systematically shifted to lower angles, suggesting a swelling of the enzyme in the presence of ATP. These results give the first direct evidence for the existence of an ATP-induced T' conformation, distinct in quaternary structure from the R and T states of the enzyme oligomer, in agreement with our previous modeling of yeast phosphofructokinase regulation. X-ray scattering data are discussed in relation to the distinct molecular mechanisms of the ATP and fructose 6-phosphate allosteric effects involving, respectively, sequential and concerted conformational changes of the enzyme oligomer. PMID- 6230357 TI - Evidence for the role of phosphorylase kinase, protein kinase C, and other Ca2+ sensitive protein kinases in the response of hepatocytes to angiotensin II and vasopressin. AB - Angiotensin II, catecholamines, and vasopressin can stimulate the phosphorylation of 10 hepatic cytosolic proteins via a Ca2+-linked, cyclic AMP-independent mechanism. To explore the role of known Ca2+-sensitive protein kinases in this response, [32P]PO4(3-)-labeled hepatocytes were stimulated with various agonists, the cytoplasmic proteins were separated on two-dimensional gels, and the resulting autoradiographs were computer analyzed. The role of phosphorylase kinase was examined using hepatocytes from gsd/gsd rats which are deficient in this enzyme. The phosphorylation state of phosphorylase was not increased by glucagon, angiotensin II, or vasopressin in hepatocytes from the gsd/gsd animals. The phosphorylation state of all other substrates was changed by glucagon or the Ca2+-linked hormones to the same extent in gsd/gsd hepatocytes as in normal Wistar controls, suggesting that phosphorylase kinase plays a restricted role in the hormone response. The role of the Ca2+- and phospholipid-sensitive protein kinase (protein kinase C) was examined by stimulating hepatocytes with phorbol esters which are thought to activate protein kinase C by substituting for diacylglycerol. Phorbol esters increased the phosphorylation state of 3 of the 10 substrates affected by angiotensin II or vasopressin, but did not stimulate Ca2+ fluxes in hepatocytes. Treatment of hepatocytes with the Ca2+ ionophore A23187 mimicked the effect of the Ca2+-linked hormones on the phosphorylation of the other 7 substrates. The results demonstrate that at least three Ca2+-sensitive protein kinases are involved in the response of hepatocytes to Ca2+-linked hormones. Since these kinases can be activated independently by phorbol esters or A23187, the results imply that hormones such as vasopressin generate two intracellular messengers, diacylglycerol and Ca2+ ion. PMID- 6230358 TI - Nick translation of HeLa cell nuclei as a probe for locating DNase I-sensitive nucleosomes. AB - The technique of nick translation of nuclei (Levitt, A., Axel, R., and Cedar, H. (1979) Dev. Biol. 69, 496-505) has been used in HeLa cells to label DNase I sensitive regions. Micrococcal nuclease digestion of the nick translated nuclei was followed by a low ionic strength gel electrophoresis system which separates different types of mononucleosomes. The major label was observed in the vicinity of high mobility group protein containing mononucleosomes. However, further analysis revealed that the particle does not sediment in the position of mononucleosomes on a sucrose gradient. Two alternative explanations are discussed as the possible source of this particle. It is either a high mobility group protein containing nucleosome in some unfolded conformation or the labeled particle originates from discrete DNA fragments, wrapped around some nonhistone proteins, located in a highly DNase I-sensitive region, which is resistant to micrococcal nuclease digestion. PMID- 6230359 TI - Association of alpha- and beta-subunits during the biosynthesis of beta hexosaminidase in cultured human fibroblasts. AB - Subunit association of beta-hexosaminidase was studied in intact fibroblasts using antisera that discriminate between free and associated alpha-chains. These were anti-beta-hexosaminidase A (anti-alpha beta), which precipitated all alpha chains, free or associated; anti-beta-hexosaminidase B (anti-beta beta), which precipitated those alpha-chains that were associated with beta; and anti-alpha chains, which recognized only monomeric alpha-chains. After biosynthetic labeling, beta-hexosaminidase or its free alpha-subunit were immuno-precipitated from extracts of cells and medium with the aid of protein A-bearing Staphylococcus aureus, subjected to sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and visualized by fluorography. Pulse-chase labeling showed that the alpha-chains existed predominantly in the monomeric precursor form during the first 5 h, and then began to accumulate in the mature (lysosomal) associated alpha beta form. Precursor alpha beta complexes were secreted, along with some precursor alpha monomers; the latter were catalytically inert. Both alpha- and beta-chains were phosphorylated (a Golgi modification) prior to association. Thus alpha-beta association probably occurred in the Golgi area before transfer to lysosomes and before secretion. Cycloheximide inhibited the association and subsequent maturation of preformed alpha-chains, perhaps by causing a depletion of a pool of beta-chain precursor upstream from the site of subunit association. In fibroblasts from a patient with Sandhoff disease, that produced no beta chains, the alpha-chains self-associated but their maturation was markedly decreased. We suggest that association with beta-chains is necessary not only for acquisition of catalytic activity but also for transport of alpha-chains to lysosomes. PMID- 6230360 TI - Preparation and strength of poly(ethylene terephthalate) fiber bundles for model synthetic tendons. AB - Poly(ethylene terephthalate) fibers suited for model synthetic tendons were prepared on a pilot-plant scale by additional drawing (postdrawing) of commercial textile fibers texturized by false twist. The modified fibers have a tensile modulus of 7-9 GPa, a one-minute creep modulus of 5-6 GPa, tensile strength 0.55 0.63 GPa, and strain at break of 16-19%. It is essential for their application in synthetic tendons that plastic deformation was reduced to about 0.5%, which could be completely eliminated by subsequent mechanical conditioning of fibers. Since the strength of model tendons consisting of 20 vol % of fibers and of a hydrogel matrix is primarily determined by the strength of the fibers, some aspects of the theory of strength of fiber bundles are briefly recapitulated. The prediction is compared with earlier experimental results obtained for the synthetic tendons. Such an approach, taking into account the fiber-strength distribution in the bundle, predicts a strength of model tendons lower by 20-40% than does the rule of mixtures. PMID- 6230361 TI - Creep of conventional and microfilled dental composites. AB - The creep of microspecimens of two conventional and two microfilled composites was studied using a torsional creep apparatus. Small stresses below the materials' proportional limits were maintained for 3 h and recovery was monitored for 30 h. Creep curves were obtained at 21.5, 37, and 50 degrees C, and three torque levels. The composites exhibited linear viscoelastic behavior at low deformations. The magnitude of creep depended on the amount and type of resin in the composites. The materials did not recover their original shape after 30 h after the stress was removed. No transitions were observed in the temperature range employed. The shear moduli decreased with temperature and are in reasonable agreement with literature values obtained with other tests. PMID- 6230363 TI - The clinical value of bone and gallium scintigraphy for soft-tissue sarcomas of the extremities. AB - In a prospective study of forty-five patients, we evaluated the usefulness of bone and gallium scintigraphy prior to definitive surgery for a soft-tissue sarcoma in an extremity. Bone scintigraphy provides a baseline for staging and often reveals periosteal invasion that is not detected by routine radiographs. Blood-pool scintigraphy with bone tracers is very sensitive for a diagnosis of malignant disease. Gallium scintigraphy appeared to be a reliable preoperative indicator of malignant disease of soft tissue (sensitivity, 85 per cent; specificity, 92 per cent) and was useful for detecting the infrequent occult, non pulmonary metastasis. Combined gallium and bone scintigraphy with blood-pool imaging provided a reliable prediction of the presence or absence of a malignant lesion in patients with a soft-tissue mass in an extremity. We recommend that bone and gallium scintigraphy be routinely used in the initial clinical staging of soft-tissue sarcomas. PMID- 6230362 TI - Return of fertility after use of the injectable contraceptive Depo Provera: up dated data analysis. PMID- 6230364 TI - Digital subtraction arteriography (DSA) in re-evaluation of angioplasties. AB - Digital subtraction arteriography (DSA) permits accurate, objective, and relatively pain-free evaluation of the morphology of angioplasty sites. During 1982, we performed DSA on 74 patients who had had 96 angioplasties over the previous three and one-half years. All of the DSA examinations were of diagnostic quality. We were surprised to find that 15% of angioplasty sites had undergone restenosis and, in addition, 12% of patients had new lesions. Because most of those patients were asymptomatic, such lesions would not have been detected by clinical assessment alone. Our angioplasty results compare favorably with other reported series. It is expected that DSA will play an increasingly important role in re-evaluation following treatment by angioplasty or surgery. PMID- 6230365 TI - [Dracunculosis or Medina worm filariasis. Apropos of 2 cases]. AB - We report two patients with calcified Medina worms. With the considerable increase in international travel and exchange, it is important that radiologists in non-endemic areas be familiar with this type of parasitic calcification. PMID- 6230366 TI - Genetic and biochemical dissection of the eucaryotic flagellum. AB - The axoneme is the basic functional unit of the eucaryotic flagellum. Periodic structures appended to its 9+2 microtubule core are responsible for generation of flagellar bending. An account of biochemical and genetic studies of flagellar defective mutants of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is presented. These studies provide insights into the complex molecular composition of the appended structures, their mode of assembly, and the way in which they interact to modulate flagellar function. PMID- 6230367 TI - Structure and properties of an under-sulfated heparan sulfate proteoglycan synthesized by a rat hepatoma cell line. AB - A rat hepatoma cell line was shown to synthesize heparan sulfate and chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans. Unlike cultured hepatocytes, the hepatoma cells did not deposit these proteoglycans into an extracellular matrix, and most of the newly synthesized heparan sulfate proteoglycans were secreted into the culture medium. Heparan sulfate proteoglycans were also found associated with the cell surface. These proteoglycans could be solubilized by mild trypsin or detergent treatment of the cells but could not be displaced from the cells by incubation with heparin. The detergent-solubilized heparan sulfate proteoglycan had a hydrophobic segment that enabled it to bind to octyl-Sepharose. This segment could conceivably anchor the molecule in the lipid interior of the plasma membrane. The size of the hepatoma heparan sulfate proteoglycans was similar to that of proteoglycans isolated from rat liver microsomes or from primary cultures of rat hepatocytes. Ion-exchange chromatography on DEAE-Sephacel indicated that the hepatoma heparan sulfate proteoglycans had a lower average charge density than the rat liver heparan sulfate proteoglycans. The lower charge density of the hepatoma heparan sulfate can be largely attributed to a reduced number of N sulfated glucosamine units in the polysaccharide chain compared with that of rat liver heparan sulfate. Hepatoma heparan sulfate proteoglycans purified from the culture medium had a considerably lower affinity for fibronectin-Sepharose compared with that of rat liver heparan sulfate proteoglycans. Furthermore, the hepatoma proteoglycan did not bind to the neoplastic cells, whereas heparan sulfate from normal rat liver bound to the hepatoma cells in a time-dependent reaction. The possible consequences of the reduced sulfation of the heparan sulfate proteoglycan produced by the hepatoma cells are discussed in terms of the postulated roles of heparan sulfate in the regulation of cell growth and extracellular matrix formation. PMID- 6230368 TI - Daily hormonal changes in the maternal, fetal, and amniotic fluid compartments before parturition in a primate species. AB - The daily hormonal fluctuations that occur simultaneously in the fetus, mother, and amniotic fluid during late gestation and before preterm parturition were studied in long term catheterized rhesus macaques. Blood and amniotic fluid samples were collected twice daily and analyzed by RIA for estrone, estradiol, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), progesterone, cortisol, and prostaglandin F2 alpha metabolite (PGFM). Vaginal delivery in monkeys with live fetuses was preceded by rising concentrations of DHEAS in fetal, but not maternal, blood. Parallel increases in fetal plasma estrone, maternal plasma estrone and estradiol, and amniotic fluid estrone preceded the rise in amniotic fluid PGFM (P less than 0.005, by analysis of variance). Cortisol levels remained stable in maternal blood and amniotic fluid, but increased before delivery in fetal blood. Nocturnal progesterone peaks in both fetal and maternal blood increased progressively in magnitude in fetuses before parturition. Rising concentrations of fetal DHEAS, estrone, and progesterone indicated an increase in adrenal activity before parturition in the rhesus fetus. PG production, reflected in amniotic fluid PGFM concentrations, was temporally related to increasing amniotic fluid concentrations of estrone. Although progesterone withdrawal may occur at a local tissue level, parturition occurred without an apparent decrease in circulating maternal, circulating fetal, or amniotic fluid progesterone concentrations. PMID- 6230369 TI - Effectiveness of the antimicrobial removal device, BACTEC 16B medium, and thiol broth in neutralizing antibacterial activities of imipenem, norfloxacin, and related agents. AB - The Antimicrobial Removal Device (ARD), BACTEC 16B medium, and Thiol broth were evaluated for their effectiveness in reducing the activity of imipenem (IPM), cefoxitin, moxalactam, and ceftazidime in blood samples. In addition, the capability of the ARD and Thiol broth to bind norfloxacin and the ARD to bind oxolinic and nalidixic acids in urine samples was investigated. At the highest concentrations of the drugs tested (32 micrograms/ml for the four beta-lactams and 256 micrograms/ml for the three quinolinecarboxylic acids), there was at least a 95% reduction in the in vitro activity of each of the antibacterial agents for treated versus untreated samples. Of the compounds tested in the ARD system, the organic acids were more completely removed than were the beta lactams. The Thiol broth was more effective than the ARD and the BACTEC 16B medium in inactivating imipenem, but it had no effect on the antibacterial activity of norfloxacin. PMID- 6230370 TI - Myosin isozymes in avian skeletal muscles. I. Sequential expression of myosin isozymes in developing chicken pectoralis muscles. AB - Myosin has been purified from chicken pectoralis muscle at various stages of development, from 10 days' incubation to approximately 10 months after hatching. Embryonic myosin from the earliest stage showed a high level of ATPase activity, similar to that obtained for adult pectoralis myosin. Two-dimensional peptide mapping of partial chymotryptic digests showed, however, that is heavy chain is quite different from that of adult fast myosin. The immunological crossreactivity observed between embryonic myosin and adult fast (pectoralis) myosin is therefore due to shared antigenic determinants rather than the presence of any adult isoforms. In an accompanying paper we will show that embryonic myosin at 10 days' incubation is not a single species, but consists of at least two heavy chain isozymes. The minor fraction binds slow light chains preferentially, and appears to be largely responsible for the observed crossreactivity with slow (ALD) myosin. None of the embryonic myosins is equivalent to the adult forms. Prior to hatching, LC3f is present only in very small amounts (less than 5%), and the adult light chain pattern, containing LC1f and LC3f in equimolar amounts, is not generated until after one week post-hatching. At about that time a new heavy chain population is detected, different from either the embryonic heavy chain or the adult heavy chain. The adult heavy chain peptide pattern appears from about three weeks' post-hatching, but a map indistinguishable from that of adult myosin is not observed until about 26 weeks. None of the observed differences in peptide maps can be related to different strains of chicken; pectoralis myosin from adult White Rock gave an identical map to that from White Leghorn. Unexpectedly, posterior latissimus dorsi (PLD) myosin from White Leghorn appears to be different from pectoralis myosin from the same strain, despite the histochemical and immunocytochemical similarity of the two muscles. We conclude that myosin polymorphism is widespread in muscle tissue, and that the expression of myosin isozymes and their subunits is under developmental regulation. PMID- 6230371 TI - Myosin isozymes in avian skeletal muscles. II. Fractionation of myosin isozymes from adult and embryonic chicken pectoralis muscle by immuno-affinity chromatography. AB - Chicken pectoralis consists primarily of large white fibres, which react exclusively with antibodies prepared against adult fast myosin. There is, however, a small region of uniformly red fibres which responds to antibodies against adult slow myosin as well as adult fast myosin. The myosin extracted from this red region is also heterogeneous as shown by the presence of both slow and fast light chains. By means of immunoadsorbents, it has been possible to separate the 'red myosin' into a 'fast' component and a 'slow' component. These two fractions have been characterized with respect to their light and heavy chain content by one-dimensional and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. The myosin heavy chain was reduced to the smaller fragments required for electrophoresis by proteolytic degradation. We conclude from the electrophoretic patterns that the 'fast' and 'slow' myosin components from the pectoralis red region closely resemble the myosin from the white region of the pectoralis and the myosin from the slow anterior latissimus dorsi (ALD) muscle. The demonstration of a 'slow myosin' in adult pectoralis muscle raises the possibility that the crossreactivity of embryonic pectoralis myosin with anti-slow (ALD) myosin antibodies might be due to the presence of such slow components in embryonic chicken muscle. Direct isolation of a slow component from embryonic pectoralis was achieved by immunoadsorption, as described for adult mixed muscle myosin. Analysis of the subunit composition by gel electrophoresis shows an enrichment in adult-type slow light chains, but the heavy chain pattern is quite distinct from that of adult slow heavy chain. These studies suggest that several myosin isozymes exist in embryonic chicken pectoralis, but that none is identical to those myosins found in the different fibres of the adult pectoralis muscle. PMID- 6230372 TI - Interaction of von Willebrand factor with human platelets in the plasma milieu. AB - The binding of von Willebrand factor (vWf) to stimulated platelets in the plasma milieu was performed using a radiolabeled monoclonal antibody to vWf. Plasma proteins specifically inhibited the thrombin- and ADP/epinephrine-induced vWf binding to activated platelets but did not inhibit the ristocetin-induced vWf binding. When normal plasma was heat defibrinated, monoclonal-labeled vWf was bound to platelets following thrombin or ADP/epinephrine stimulation. Furthermore, monoclonal-labeled vWf from afibrinogenemic plasma bound normally to platelets. The binding of vWf to stimulated platelets in either heat-defibrinated normal plasma or afibrinogenemic plasma was specifically inhibited by the addition of normal plasma fibrinogen in a concentration-dependent manner. At levels of fibrinogen less than 1 mg/ml, however, vWf binding could be demonstrated. The inhibition by fibrinogen of vWf binding to platelets was competitive and overcome by increased concentrations of vWf. These studies show that thrombin-induced and ADP/epinephrine-induced vWf binding to platelets does not occur in the plasma milieu, although at reduced levels of fibrinogen, vWf binding to stimulated platelets can be demonstrated. PMID- 6230375 TI - The clinical aspects of memory disorders: contributions from experimental studies of amnesia and dementia. AB - Many of the standardized memory tests employed by clinical neuropsychologists fail to demonstrate important differences in the memory disorders of amnesic and demented patients. To exemplify this heterogeneity of amnesic symptoms, the anterograde and retrograde amnesias of patients with Huntington's Disease (HD) and of patients with alcoholic Korsakoff's syndrome are compared. While both patient groups have similar MQs, they differ dramatically in their recall and recognition memory and in their ability to acquire procedural (rule-based) information. The Korsakoff patients are impaired in both recall and recognition memory but are able to acquire and retain mirror reading skills. In contrast, the patients with HD are impaired in their acquisition of procedural knowledge and in verbal recall although their recognition memory approaches normality. The importance of such information for the assessment of the patients' memory disorders is discussed. PMID- 6230374 TI - Regulation of human peripheral blood monocyte DR antigen expression in vitro by lymphokines and recombinant interferons. AB - The in vitro regulation of adult human monocyte DR antigen expression was studied. Normally about 75% of freshly obtained human peripheral blood monocytes express DR antigens as determined by anti-DR and complement-mediated cytotoxicity assays. DR expression on monocytes in unfractionated peripheral blood mononuclear cell cultures persisted to variable degrees for up to 5 d of incubation. However, when the mononuclear cells were thoroughly depleted of nonadherent cells, cultured monocytes consistently exhibited progressively decreased DR expression over 2-5 d of incubation. Readdition of nonadherent cells to the adherent cell population prevented or delayed this decrease in monocyte DR antigen expression. Thus, monocyte DR expression diminished markedly during in vitro incubation; however, the presence of nonadherent cells somehow interfered with this process. In other experiments, peripheral adherent monocytes, which had been cultured for 2-3 d to reduce their DR expression, could be induced to reexpress DR antigens after 2 d of incubation with unpurified lymphokine-containing culture supernatants, recombinant human interferon-alpha, or recombinant human gamma interferon (IFN-gamma). The reinduction of DR expression on human monocytes by lymphokines was abrogated by an antiserum produced to the synthetic N-terminal amino acids of human IFN-gamma, indicating that IFN-gamma is the active mediator in the lymphokine-containing preparations. Monocytes cultured with lymphokines or recombinant interferons also could initiate a significantly greater mixed lymphocyte response than control monocytes. Thus, IFN-gamma-containing lymphokines and recombinant interferons are required to induce human monocyte DR expression and accessory cell capacity in vitro, since in their absence monocytes become DR antigen-deficient. Finally, incubation of unfractionated human mononuclear cells with anti-human IFN-gamma also promoted the loss of monocyte DR expression. These findings suggest that resting lymphocytes are probably capable of producing sufficient IFN-gamma in vitro to result in the maintenance of the monocyte DR phenotype. PMID- 6230373 TI - Ontogeny of Fc receptors and complement receptor (CR3) during human myeloid differentiation. AB - Two different Fc receptors for IgG (Fc gamma R) have been identified on human leukocytes: a high avidity receptor (Fc gamma Rhi) present on monocytes but not on neutrophils, and a low avidity receptor (Fc gamma Rlo) present on neutrophils but not on monocytes. Fc gamma Rlo can be inhibited and the receptor precipitated by monoclonal antibody 3G8. We have used this monoclonal antibody to study the course of Fc gamma Rlo appearance on bone marrow cells, leukocytes of patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), and HL-60 and U937 cells induced to differentiate with agents such as dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), retinoic acid, phorbol myristate acetate, and lymphokine. We report that Fc gamma Rlo is a late differentiation antigen, first expressed at the metamyelocyte stage. Since precursors to metamyelocytes bear Fc gamma R, and the promyelocyte line HL-60 bears Fc gamma Rhi, there must be a progressive loss of Fc gamma Rhi during myeloid differentiation and the reciprocal expression of Fc gamma Rlo. Results of immunoprecipitation and polyacrylamide gel analysis of the proteins are consistent with these results. We have also studied the receptor for the C3bi complement component (CR3), which is blocked and immunoprecipitated by monoclonal antibody OKM10. During DMSO-driven differentiation of HL-60 cells, we find that CR3 is induced on all cells, whereas Fc gamma Rlo is induced on only 24% of cells, suggesting that CR3 appears earlier during differentiation than Fc gamma Rlo does. PMID- 6230376 TI - Trichilemmal keratinization in seborrheic keratoses. AB - In 33 of 112 seborrheic keratoses reviewed histologically, a keratinization process was observed, which was identical with or showed marked similarity to, trichilemmal keratinization (TK). This type of keratinization took place more frequently in lesions which were pruritic and in those located on the extremities. Histologically, the change was observed in the bottoms of pseudocysts and crypts, in areas showing evidence of inflammation, such as exocytosis, spongiosis and squamous eddy or whorl formation. No relationship was found between the presence of TK or TK-like keratinization and the various histologic types of seborrheic keratoses. It is concluded that a process which can not be distinguished from TK microscopically may occur frequently in seborrheic keratoses as a result of inflammation. PMID- 6230377 TI - Activity of Streptococcus mutans alpha-D-glucosyltransferases released under various growth conditions. AB - The effect of a variety of growth conditions on extracellular D glucosyltransferase (GTF) activity of Streptococcus mutans strains in continuous culture has been studied. Maximum GTF activity was found at low growth rates and at pH 6.5, and under this condition the predominant glucosyltransferase was GTF S, an enzyme that synthesized soluble dextran. At high growth rates, the proportion of GTF-S decreased, and 50% or more of the total glucosyltransferase was GTF-I, an enzyme that synthesized water-insoluble (1 leads to 3)-alpha-D glucan. Variation in the relative activities of GTF-S and GTF-I results in such diversity in the glucans synthesized from sucrose that it is virtually meaningless to describe a structural analysis of S. mutans glucan without specifying the conditions of growth of the organism. PMID- 6230378 TI - Virulence factors of Streptococcus mutans and dental caries prevention. AB - Streptococcus mutans possesses the abilities to adhere to pellicle-coated tooth surfaces and to form acids - two characteristics associated with the cariogenicity of this micro-organism. De novo synthesis of insoluble glucan by S. mutans glucosyltransferase from sucrose is essential in the adherence process. Therefore, agents which interfere with the adherence ability of S. mutans would be useful for controlling dental caries. In the present report, we have summarized our recent findings concerning virulence factors of S. mutans and means for prevention of S. mutans-induced dental caries. PMID- 6230379 TI - Current status of sealant retention and caries prevention. PMID- 6230380 TI - The effectiveness of fissure sealant resins. PMID- 6230381 TI - Serum levels of Etretinate (Ro 10-9359) and its metabolite (Ro 10-1670). PMID- 6230382 TI - Study on the suppressor phenomenon induced in contact hypersensitivity reaction. PMID- 6230383 TI - Family dental health facts. PMID- 6230384 TI - The implications of silicone implant surgery. AB - A discussion of current concepts on silicone implantation of the joints of the foot is presented. The properties of medical grade silicone, its clinical application with and without associated Dacron mesh, and a review of the literature on reported surgical complications is described. PMID- 6230386 TI - Some properties of the surface of nematode larvae. AB - The nature of complement binding to the surface to infective larvae of Trichinella spiralis and Nippostrongylus brasiliensis differs. When worms were incubated in serum from uninfected hosts, washed and incubated in fluorescent reagent the whole surface of T. spiralis fluoresced but in N. brasiliensis fluorescence was confined to the anterior end and some internal organs. The outer structure of the cuticle of the T. spiralis larvae was shown not to contain ATP ase, thus differing from many cell membranes. PMID- 6230385 TI - The use of differential scintigraphy in the clinical diagnosis of osseous and soft tissue changes affecting the diabetic foot. AB - Prompt recognition of cellulitis, osteomyelitis, diabetic osteolysis, Charcot neuroarthropathy, septic synovitis, and deep plantar abscesses in the diabetic foot is essential because the therapy is drastically different. Differential diagnosis has been greatly facilitated by recently developed scanning techniques. PMID- 6230387 TI - Dental management of acute leukemia. PMID- 6230388 TI - Antigen-reactive cloned helper T cells. I. Unresponsiveness to antigenic restimulation develops after stimulation of cloned helper T cells. AB - Murine helper T lymphocyte (HTL) clones reactive to ovalbumin (OVA) were maintained in continuous culture in vitro. Clones were propagated by weekly stimulation in the presence of irradiated splenic filler cells, antigen, and supernatant fluid (SF) containing IL 2. By varying the quantity of these reagents in cultures of HTL cells, the reactivity to antigen of the cloned cells was altered markedly. After stimulation by antigen or SF, HTL clones became profoundly unresponsive to antigenic restimulation. Cells remained unresponsive for 2 to 9 days after stimulation, depending on the culture conditions that were chosen for their maintenance. The addition of SF containing a high concentration of IL 2 prolonged the duration of unresponsiveness by 3 days, and the presence of a non-T splenic filler cell increased the period of unresponsiveness by an additional 4 days. The use of a high concentration of OVA in cell cultures also prolonged the time of unresponsiveness. The results described here demonstrate that the response to antigen of HTL cells is down-regulated after stimulation, and appears to be correlated with exposure to SF that contains IL 2. PMID- 6230389 TI - T cell regulation of immunoglobulin class expression in the B cell response to TNP-Ficoll: characterization of the T cell responsible for preferential enhancement of the IgG2a response. AB - Syngeneic T cells injected into athymic nu/nu mice cause a preferential enhancement in the amount of IgG2a anti-TNP Ab produced by these mice to TNP Ficoll. This enhancement appears to be caused by T cell effects on the IgG switching pathway. Through the use of F1----parent chimeras, the helper T cells were shown to affect TNP-Ficoll-responsive B cells in an H-2-unrestricted manner. The ability of T cells to mediate this IgG2a enhancement did not appear to be unique to any particular murine genetic background, because it was observed with T cells and nu/nu mice of C57BL/10, BALB/c, CBA/Ca, and B10.D2 strains. Priming of T cell donors with Ficoll or TNP-Ficoll did not increase the ability of splenic T cells, on a per cell basis, to enhance the IgG2a Ab response to TNP Ficoll. The T cell population responsible for modulating the isotypic response was found to be sensitive to C-mediated cytotoxicity with both anti-Lyt-2 and anti-Lyt-1 hybridoma Ab. Although T cells from both the thymus and the spleen expressed enhancing activity, splenic T cells were more effective, on a per cell basis, than were thymocytes. The observations suggest that T cells that appear to enhance the switch to IgG2a in TNP-Ficoll-responsive B cells are not effectively primed by the antigen and interact with TNP-Ficoll-activated B cells through an H 2-unrestricted mechanism. PMID- 6230390 TI - Allosuppressor- and allohelper-T cells in acute and chronic graft-vs-host disease. IV. Activation of donor allosuppressor cells is confined to acute GVHD. AB - Groups of nonirradiated BDF1 mice were injected with unseparated spleen cells from B10, B10.D2, or DBA/2 donors. The diverse clinical and pathologic symptoms that developed during the course of the ensuing graft-vs-host reaction (GVHR) were related to the functional subsets of donor-T cells activated in the host. The activation of F1-specific donor T suppressor (TS) cells was confined to those GVH F1 mice that developed acute GVH disease (GVHD) (donor B10 or B10.D2). Moreover, activation in these GVH F1 mice of the Lyt-1-2+ donor TS cells sharply preceded the onset of and coincided with (week 2 to 6) the suppressive pathologic symptoms characteristic of acute GVHD, such as pancytopenia and suppression of splenic IgG production. The activation of these alloreactive TS effector cells was briefly preceded by the activation of F1-specific Lyt-1+-2- donor T helper (TH) cells and stimulation of the host's lymphoid tissue. Thus, in acute GVHD, a sequential alloactivation first of donor TH and then of TS cells was found. Those F1 mice that recovered from acute GVHD and developed stimulatory pathologic symptoms showed a concomitant loss of donor TS cell activity. An initial activation of F1-specific Lyt-1 +2- donor TH cells was also found in that parent- --F1 combination (donor DBA/2), which failed to develop acute GVHD. Significantly in that combination, the alloactivation of donor TH cells was not followed by activation of significant numbers of donor TS cells. Instead, the DBA/2-injected BDF1 mice directly developed a persistent increase in splenic Ig formation and lupus-like GVHD. PMID- 6230391 TI - A role for macrophages in suppressor cell induction. AB - A mechanism responsible for the induction of NP-specific first order (inducer) suppressor cells (TS1) is described. TS1 cells are induced by i.v. administration of hapten-coupled splenic cells. Their activity is assessed by the adoptive transfer of NP-specific suppression during the afferent phase of the contact sensitivity response. NP-coupled firmly adherent, FcR+, I-A-bearing macrophages induce TS1. The antigen-presenting cells required for TS1 induction lack the Thy 1 and Lyt-1 markers, and are resistant to 500 R irradiation and to cyclophosphamide treatment. NP-coupled dendritic cells fail to induce TS1 activity. The induction of TS1 cells is genetically restricted by genes that map in the I-J region of the H-2 complex. The NP-coupled antigen-presenting cells must share at least one I-J allele with the TS1 donor for effective induction of TS1 activity. To minimize allogeneic effects in these studies, the activity of the TS1 population was assessed by adoptive transfer into syngeneic recipients. The present results are compared with the mechanisms required for the induction of second and third order suppressor cells. PMID- 6230392 TI - A genetically restricted suppressor factor that requires interaction with two distinct targets. AB - We have previously described a genetically restricted suppressor factor (TsF3) that suppresses the terminal phases of the contact sensitivity response. The activity of TsF3 is restricted by genes in the H-2 (I-J) and Igh complexes. This report analyzes the mechanisms responsible for these genetic restrictions. One cellular target of TsF3 is an I-J-bearing antigen-presenting cell population that is sensitive to low doses of cyclophosphamide. To elicit suppression I-J homology is required between this antigen-presenting cell population and the TsF3 donor. In contrast, the Igh-linked genetic restriction exists between TsF3 and an unprimed cell population present in the recipient. These findings suggest that under these experimental conditions TsF3 acts by bridging the APC with cells of the host. Finally, we demonstrated that nonspecific bystander or cognate suppression can be mediated by TsF3, provided specific antigen is present in the site of the ongoing T cell response. PMID- 6230393 TI - T cell regulation of polyclonally induced immunoglobulin secretion in humans. AB - We measured the pokeweed mitogen (PWM)-induced secretion of IgG by the unfractionated mononuclear cells (MNC) of young adult donors, and correlated the results with the functional activity of cell suspensions enriched for T helper (T4+) and T suppressor/cytotoxic (T8+) cells. The distribution of IgG levels secreted by MNC differs from a Gaussian curve, implying that the group is composed of distinct heterogeneous populations. When donors were compared who were judged to be very low responders or very high responders on the basis of IgG secretion levels by MNC (less than 700 ng/ml or greater than 2500 ng/ml), no differences were found in the capacity of T4+-enriched cells to support PWM driven IgG secretion by a common B cell pool. In contrast, the addition of 0.2 X 10(5) T8+ cells from these low responders to PWM-stimulated cultures of 0.5 X 10(5) T4+ cells plus 0.5 X 10(5) B cells resulted in significantly less IgG secretion (389 +/- 121 ng/ml) than did the addition of the same number of T8+ cells from the high responders (2241 +/- 548 ng/ml, p less than 0.01). Normalized percent suppression by T8+ cells was higher in low responders than in high responders (77.0 +/- 9.9% vs 33.0 +/- 8.5%, p less than 0.01). Both high and low responders markedly suppressed IgG secretion when 0.5 X 10(5) T8+ cells were added. No correlation was found either between proportion of T3+, T8+, T4+, or M1+ cells within the MNC population and levels of IgG secretion by MNC or between T8+ numbers and levels of suppression induced by a constant number of T8+ enriched cells. Our data indicate that differences in the functional activity of T8+ cells, rather than quantitative differences, account for the wide range of PWM-induced IgG secretion by MNC. PMID- 6230394 TI - Antigen-independent activation of memory cytotoxic T cells by interleukin 2. AB - Culture supernatants from mitogen- or antigen-activated murine spleen cells are capable of causing reexpression of specific cytolytic activity from inactive memory cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) in the absence of the original priming antigen. We have demonstrated that memory CTL from cytolytically inactive day 14 MLC cells are induced to reexpress high levels of specific cytotoxic activity after incubation with IL 2. Highly purified IL 2 was shown to induce levels of lytic activity comparable with that induced by supernatants from secondary mixed lymphocyte cultures (secondary MLC SN), suggesting that only IL 2 is necessary for the reactivation process. Moreover, only Lyt-2+ cells are necessary for reactivation inasmuch as inactive MLC cells depleted of Lyt-1+ cells by treatment with antibody and complement, followed by FACS selection of Lyt-2+ cells, were efficiently reactivated by IL 2. Because IL 2 is considered a proliferative signal, we examined whether proliferation was requisite for reactivation of memory CTL by IL 2. In the presence of cytosine arabinoside, which effectively inhibited proliferation, IL 2 was capable of reactivating memory CTL as efficiently as antigen, thus implying a differentiative role for IL 2 in secondary CTL activation. Reactivation of CTL by IL 2 and antigen appear to be functionally distinct events, because antigen but not IL 2 could trigger immune interferon release, although either IL 2 or antigen induced high levels of cytotoxicity. We propose that resting, memory CTL retain a heightened level of expression of IL 2 receptors as compared with naive CTL precursors, and thus are able to respond directly to exogenous IL 2. The consequences of this are proliferation and reexpression of specific killing activity, but this signal is not sufficient to induce immune interferon secretion. Rather, it appears that a signal via the antigen receptor is necessary for release of this lymphokine. PMID- 6230395 TI - The mechanisms of inhibition of human IL 2 production. II. PGE2 induction of suppressor T lymphocytes. AB - In vitro and in vivo experiments indicate that the production of interleukin 2 (IL 2) by T lymphocytes is critical for the development of the effector phase of immunity. Complex cellular interactions are involved for the induction of IL 2 production. We have shown in a previous study that in humans monocytes can transmit opposite signals to the IL 2-producing cells. In addition to the positive signal delivered through the release of interleukin 1, human monocytes can deliver a negative signal through the release of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). This monokine, known to activate suppressor mechanisms in several systems, was shown to inhibit IL 2 production. The data presented in this paper show that this PGE2-dependent inhibition is strictly dependent upon the presence of radiosensitive T cells in the culture, suggesting that PGE2 induces the activation of suppressor T cells modulating IL 2 production. Kinetics experiments indicate that these suppressor cells are radiosensitive during their induction phase but become radioresistant after 18 hr of incubation in the presence of PGE2. Successful in vitro induction of suppressor cells by incubation of enriched T cells with PGE2 was decisive for the analysis of the phenomenon. The induced suppressors were capable of inhibiting IL 2 production by fresh autologous T cells as well as inhibiting PHA proliferative response by these cells. A quantitative evaluation of IL 2 receptors on PGE2-treated cells has indicated that this absorption capacity was similar to the capacity of PBL known to express a low number of IL 2 receptors, thus excluding a suppression via absorption or competition for IL 2. No detectable killing of IL 2-producing cells by PGE2 induced suppressors was observed. The OKT4 and OKT8 phenotype of suppressor cells was examined. T cells were purified at two stages of differentiation before or after induction by PGE2 in vitro treatment. We conclude from these experiments that PGE2 activates suppressor cells among precursors segregating predominantly with the OKT8 subset and fewer cells with the OKT4 subset. After differentiation, however, the suppressor cells segregate with the OKT8 subset only. Such results were obtained by using positive selection (cellular affinity columns) and negative selection (monoclonal antibodies plus complement). PMID- 6230396 TI - Genetic polymorphism of human factor H (beta 1H). AB - Human Factor H (beta 1H) was found to be polymorphic after neuraminidase treatment and isoelectric focusing (IEF) under completely denaturing conditions. Three variants, FH 1, FH 2, and FH 3, were identified in a sample population of 81 unrelated caucasoid individuals. Family studies demonstrated correct mendelian segregation of FH 1, FH 2, and FH 3. Our data indicate that these genetic variants of human Factor H are encoded by three codominant alleles, FH*1, FH*2, and FH*3, at a single autosomal locus FH. In the sample analyzed, the gene frequencies of FH*1, FH*2, and FH*3 were, respectively, 0.691, 0.302, and 0.006. PMID- 6230398 TI - Effect of fibronectin fragments on macrophage phagocytosis of gelatinized particles. AB - Rat plasma fibronectin enhances the binding and ingestion of gelatin-coated, formalin-fixed, or tanned sheep erythrocytes by elicited rat peritoneal macrophages. Fibronectin binding to the gelatinized erythrocytes is required for this enhancement, because macrophages preferentially recognize the surface bound molecule. This enhancement of particle uptake by fibronectin required the presence of a renewable, trypsin-sensitive component(s) on the macrophage surface (fibronectin receptor). When subjected to plasminolysis for 3 hr, fibronectin was degraded into gelatin-binding fragments (170 to 210 kd) and a 25-kd nongelatin binding fragment. The 170 to 210 kd gelatin binding fragments retained uptake enhancing activity but were less active on a weight and molar basis than intact, dimeric fibronectin. The nongelatin binding 25 kd fragment alone did not enhance uptake. These results indicate that the sites for interaction with both the gelatinized erythrocyte surface and macrophages are retained on 170 to 210 kd fragments. However, the fibronectin dimeric structure is required for maximal expression of opsonic activity. PMID- 6230397 TI - The mechanism of intercellular aggregation. I. The kinetics of the Fc gamma receptor-mediated aggregation of P388D1 cells with antibody-coated lymphocytes at 4 degrees C. AB - The formation of specific, heterophilic conjugates between cells from the P388D1 mouse macrophage line and antibody-coated mouse spleen cells was followed in cell suspensions at 4 degrees C by dual parameter flow cytometry. Intercellular aggregation in this system is mediated by the binding of the Fc portions of IgG antibodies on the spleen cells with Fc receptors (Fc gamma R) on P388D1. We show that the rate of aggregation reaches a plateau with increasing cell concentrations, suggesting that the initial collision between cells is not the rate limiting step of conjugate formation. The rates of aggregation are strongly dependent upon the cell surface densities of both Fc gamma R and antibody. In conjugates, however, only small fractions of available receptors or antibodies are utilized in bond formation. The rate-limiting step of aggregation, therefore, involves the formation of ligand-receptor bonds, and may be the diffusion of antibodies and receptors toward one another in small areas of intercellular contact. Inhibitor studies implicate microfilaments, but not microtubules, divalent cations, or energy-dependent processes as being important in aggregation. Finally, conjugates are stable when diluted into medium alone, but dissociate in media containing protein A, soluble immune complexes, or anti-Fc gamma R antibodies. This suggests that conjugates are stabilized by multiple intercellular ligand-receptor bonds, which constantly break and reform at the cell:cell interface, and that protein A, immune complexes, and anti-Fc gamma R disaggregate the conjugates by preventing the reformation of broken bonds. PMID- 6230399 TI - Cellular origins and target cells of immunoregulatory factors in mice with disseminated histoplasmosis. AB - Disseminated infection with Histoplasma capsulatum stimulates the production of a suppressor factor (SF-H) by spleen cells from C3H/HeJ mice and a helper factor (HF-H) by spleen cells from C57BL/6 mice. In the present study these disparate immunoregulatory factors were analyzed in detail with regard to: a) the surface phenotype of the cells that produce SF-H and HF-H; b) the role of accessory cells in the production of these factors; and c) the surface phenotype of the target cells activated by SF-H and HF-H. Treatment of spleen cells from Histoplasma infected C3H/HeJ mice with anti-Thy-1.2 plus complement (C) or with anti-Ly-2 plus C or with anti-I-Jk antiserum plus C abolished production of SF-H. Conversely, generation of HF-H by spleen cells from C57BL/6 mice was abrogated by treatment with either anti-Thy-1.2 plus C or with anti-Ly-1 plus C. Thus, a Thy 1.2+, Ly-2+, I-J+ T cell releases SF-H, and a Thy-1.2+, Ly-1+ T cell secretes HF H. Production of SF-H and HF-H by splenic T cells was reduced markedly by depletion of macrophages (M phi); readdition of 1% syngeneic, plastic-adherent splenocytes from normal or infected mice to M phi-depleted, splenic T cell cultures of either strain restored the capacity to generate immunoregulatory factors. Furthermore, adherent splenocytes from normal or infected mice liberated a factor or factors that enhanced production of both SF-H and HF-H. Kinetic studies demonstrated that activation of normal spleen cells required at least 48 hr of exposure to SF-H or HF-H. Both factors failed to activate splenocytes pretreated with anti-Thy-1.2 plus C. Spleen cells from C3H/HeJ mice depleted of Ly-1+, Ly-2+, or I-J+ cells and exposed to SF-H did not demonstrate suppressor activity, whereas Ly-1-depleted splenocytes from C57BL/6 mice exposed to HF-H failed to exert helper activity. Therefore, the target of SF-H is a Thy-1.2+, Ly 1+2+, I-J+ T cell, and the target of HF-H is a Thy-1.2+, Ly-1+ T cell. PMID- 6230400 TI - Cutaneous leishmaniasis in anti-IgM-treated mice: enhanced resistance due to functional depletion of a B cell-dependent T cell involved in the suppressor pathway. AB - The contribution of B cells and antibodies to either the resistance or susceptibility to cutaneous leishmaniasis has been investigated in mouse strains rendered B cell-deficient by treatment with anti-mouse IgM antisera from birth (mu-suppressed). These studies confirm that immunity to cutaneous disease in a normally resistant mouse strain (C3H/HeJ) is independent of antibody, but that B cells and/or antibodies are required for the evolution of suppressed DTH and the consequent disease susceptibility of BALB/c mice. Anti-IgM-treated BALB/c mice, which lacked detectable anti-leishmanial antibodies during the course of infection, displayed a sustained DTH response to leishmanial antigen and were able to control their cutaneous lesions. The enhanced resistance of mu-suppressed mice could be completely abrogated by transfer of suppressor T cells from infected control animals into mu-suppressed mice before their infection. Thus the suppressor T cells, which are generated during leishmanial infection in BALB/c mice, can effect suppression in the absence of antibody. Evidence that B cells or antibodies are required for the generation of suppressor T cells was demonstrated by using BALB/c mice in which suppressor T cells fail to be generated during infection as a result of prior sublethal irradiation. Splenic T cells from normal mice could overcome the resistance conferred by sublethal irradiation, whereas splenic T cells from mu-suppressed mice could not. Thus the enhanced resistance of mu-suppressed BALB/c mice appears to be a consequence of their lack of functional expression of a B cell-dependent T cell critical to the suppressor pathway. PMID- 6230401 TI - Induction of NKCF-like activity in mixed lymphocyte-tumor cell culture: direct involvement of mycoplasma infection of tumor cells. AB - Co-culture of CBA/J spleen cells and certain lines of YAC-1 stimulators resulted in the appearance of NKCF-like activity in 24- to 48-hr supernatants. Numerous other in vitro cell lines were effective stimulators of this splenic cytotoxic factor (SCF). The cells participating in SCF production were absent from normal thymocytes and were present in BALB/c nu/nu spleen, were nonadherent, asialo GM1+, and bore low levels of Thy-1.2. SCF could mediate lysis of certain NK sensitive tumor targets in an 18-hr 51Cr-release assay. However, the induction of SCF was not correlated with the ability of a particular cell line to be lysed by NK cells, but showed an absolute correlation with the presence of mycoplasma contamination in cultured tumor cell lines. Mycoplasma negative cell lines, including an uninfected but NK-sensitive subline of YAC-1, were unable to induce SCF. Decontamination of mycoplasma-infected lines with antibiotics or by passage through syngeneic mice abrogated the ability of infected tumor cells to stimulate SCF. The ability to induce SCF could be restored by reinfection with mycoplasma. Tumor cell-free supernatants from contaminated cultures were mitogenic for CBA spleen cells and could themselves induce SCF activity in spleen cell supernatants. SCF production and the agent responsible could be removed by passing such supernatants through 0.1-micron filters. The organism apparently responsible for SCF induction from CBA spleen cells was typed and found to be Mycoplasma orale, a nonfermentative, arginine-dependent, common tissue culture contaminant. About 50 to 60% of SCF activity could be removed by 0.1-micron filters, suggesting that SCF is composed of two components: mycoplasma organisms themselves and a soluble cytotoxic factor produced in response to mycoplasma. PMID- 6230402 TI - Simple adaptation of a method measuring the binding of radiolabelled ligands to receptors. AB - This paper describes a method for monitoring the binding of radiolabelled ligands to their receptors which avoids the necessity of washing cell or membrane pellets to remove the unbound radioactivity. It is an adaptation which allows the use of a gamma counter fitted with a well crystal. By the use of a shield to screen from the gamma-counter the free ligand above the pellet, it allows the amount of ligand bound to be assessed by calculation. PMID- 6230403 TI - The differential sensitivity of rat peripheral blood T cells to immunosuppressants: cyclophosphamide and dexamethasone. AB - Peripheral blood T cells from rats given a single oral dose of dexamethasone (DMS) or cyclophosphamide (CY) exhibited a differential sensitivity to these compounds as measured by lymphoproliferation in the presence of concanavalin A (Con A) or phytohemagglutinin hemagglutinin (PHA). Con A-responsive cells (T Con A) were found to be resistant to the effects of DMS, while the PHA-responsive population (T PHA) showed a dose-dependent suppression at dose levels of 0.35 and 1.00 mg/kg. DMS did not alter serum antibody production against sheep erythrocytes at the dosage level which produced a significant depression of the PHA response. Animals treated with CY showed enhanced Con A-mediated lymphoproliferation at a dose of 15 mg/kg and marked suppression at 45 mg/kg. The PHA-mediated response, however, exhibited only a dose-dependent suppression at both dosage levels. CY had no effect on the antibody response at doses that enhance Con A lymphoproliferation. These results suggest that T helper cells and T suppressor cells are not TpHA cells. PMID- 6230404 TI - Hepatitis B in seven hospitals for the mentally handicapped. AB - Patients in seven hospitals for the mentally handicapped were screened for markers of hepatitis B infection. Of 2239 patients, 123 (5.5 per cent) were carriers of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and a third of these were 'infectious' (negative for antibody to hepatitis B e antigen). Patients with Down's syndrome (DS) were 18 times more likely to be 'infectious' carriers than those without, and male patients were six times more likely to be 'infectious' carriers than female patients. There was a wide difference in carrier rate among the various hospitals. In the hospital with the highest carrier rate (12.5 per cent), 60 per cent of male patients with DS were carriers of HBsAg and of these two-thirds were 'infectious'. The carrier rate decreased with age, but the proportion of carriers who were hepatitis B e antigen positive was unaffected by age. PMID- 6230405 TI - Characterization of T lymphocyte and monocyte populations in HLA B8/DRw3 normal individuals and in patients with dermatitis herpetiformis. AB - Normal individuals who possess the HLA B8/DRw3 haplotype as well as patients with dermatitis herpetiformis have been found to have a number of immunologic abnormalities including decreased numbers of E rosette-positive, Fc IgG receptor bearing lymphocytes (referred to as TG cells), and increased numbers of cells which spontaneously secrete immunoglobulin. HLA B8/DRw3-positive normal individuals also have an increased risk for the development of a number of immunologically mediated diseases. Since many of these findings are suggestive of B-cell hyperreactivity and since TG cells were initially thought to represent a portion of the T suppressor cell network, we have examined the peripheral blood mononuclear (PBM) cell populations of 14 normal HLA B8/DRw3-positive individuals, 14 patients with dermatitis herpetiformis (all of whom were HLA B8/DRw3 positive), and 9 non-HLA B8/DRw3 individuals using flow cytometry and monoclonal antibodies of the OK and Leu series directed against cell surface antigens. Normal HLA B8/DRw3 individuals were found to have a significantly lower percentage of PBM cells that expressed both OKT8 and Leu-2a when compared to normal non-HLA B8/DRw3 individuals (p less than .05 Student's t-test). When the ratio of T helper cells (OKT4 and Leu-3a) to T suppressor cells (OKT8 and Leu-2a) was calculated for each individual studied, normal HLA B8/DRw3 individuals were found to have a significantly elevated ratio (Leu-3a/Leu-2a = 2.41 +/- .16, mean +/- SEM) when compared to non-HLA selected individuals (Leu-3a/Leu-2a = 1.73 +/- .05) (p less than 0.025). In addition, normal HLA B8/DRw3 individuals had decreased numbers of TG cells when compared to normal non-HLA B8/DRw3 individuals (B8/DRw3 = 6.4 +/- .74%, non-B8/DRw3 = 13.2 +/- 1.0%, mean +/- SEM, p less than .01). In order to determine the cell surface marker characteristics of TG cells, purified TG cells from both normal HLA B8/DRw3 individuals and non-HLA B8/DRw3 individuals were studied using the Leu series monoclonal antibodies and OKM1. Good agreement was found in the percentages of cells expressing each cell surface marker between the two groups. In addition, the TG cells were found to be predominately T cells (78% Leu-1-positive), with both T helper cells (40% Leu-3a positive) and T suppressor cells (30% Leu-2a-positive) present. These results suggest that the suppressor cell activity associated with the TG subset is not due to a depletion of the T helper cell subset, and that the decreased numbers of TG cells in HLA B8/DRw3 individuals is not due to a preferential loss of cells bearing Leu-1, Leu-2a, Leu-3a, or OKM1.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6230406 TI - Colony-stimulating activity in murine mixed leukocyte cultures. AB - Mixed leukocyte cultures (MLC) were prepared utilizing mouse spleen cells from strains with: (1) major histocompatibility complex (MHC) differences, (2) many non-MHC gene differences, and (3) only a few non-MHC gene differences. After 4 days, the conditioned media (CM) of MLC from (1) and (2) above were found to contain high granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating activity (CSA) when assayed in methylcellulose clonal cultures. Also the stimulation index (SI) of CSA was elevated on day 4 of incubation, even though 3H-Thymidine (3HTdR) incorporation and SI as measured by 3HTdR increased at 4 and 6 days, respectively. However, MLC-CM from mouse strains with only a few non-MHC gene differences contained low titers of CSA after 4 days in culture, and this was paralleled by a low SI. For MLC with MHC differences, and with many non-MHC gene differences, the response detected by an increase in CSA production appeared more promptly and was perhaps more sensitive when compared with 3HTdR incorporation in the mixed leukocyte reaction (MLR). From these results, we conclude that the presence of CSA in MLC-CM at 4 days of culture represents a good marker for the degree of MLR, and we postulate that the CSA titer in MLC-CM may be relevant for the prediction of graft-versus-host reactions (GvHR). PMID- 6230407 TI - [Role of prostaglandin I2 (prostacyclin) on the maturation of human and rabbit uterine cervix]. AB - It is important to demonstrate the function of prostaglandins (PG) in the ripening mechanism in the human uterine cervix at term. We have examined PG synthesizing activity in both human and rabbit ripening cervix at delivery and non-pregnant cervix. Microsomal fractions of uterine cervix were incubated with radioactive arachidonic acid. The major product was 6-keto PGF1 alpha (the stable metabolite of prostacyclin, PGI2) in both human and rabbit cervix. The conversion rate of 6-keto PGF1 alpha in ripening cervix was about 20% and the production in ripening cervix was more than 37 times as much per DNA as that in non-pregnant cervix. However, no significant increase in PGE2, F2 alpha or Thromboxane B2 production was observed. We found that the production of 6-keto PGF1 alpha increased significantly from the 20th day of gestation and reached its maximum at delivery in rabbit uterine cervix. Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate treatment for 5 consecutive days from the 20th day of gestation stimulated the production of 6 keto PGF1 alpha in the cervix. These results suggest that PGI2 is one of the important factors in the ripening of uterine cervix during pregnancy. PMID- 6230408 TI - A case of the narcotic factor. PMID- 6230409 TI - Objective assessment of heparin requirements for hemodialysis in humans. AB - The abilities of four heparin regimens to inhibit activation of blood coagulation, fibrinolysis, and the platelet release reaction in humans during renal dialysis have been assessed by visible examination of the extracorporeal circulation and by use of radioimmunoassays to FPA, beta 15-42 antigen, beta gamma G, and PF4. A subcutaneous injection of 5000 IU of heparin administered 1 hour before dialysis in two patients was either unable to sustain dialysis because of excess fibrin formation or allowed elevated plasma FPA and beta gamma G concentrations during dialysis. Injection of 10,000 IU heparin s.c. in five patients could sustain dialysis in only three patients for 5 hours, and allowed progressively increasing concentrations of FPA, beta gamma G, and PF4, as well as fibrin formation, in the extracorporeal circulation. A lower dose of heparin administered intravenously (2500 IU bolus plus 1000 IU/hr) to six patients was also unable to prevent elevations in FPA and beta gamma G 4 hours and 5 hours after the initiation of dialysis. Intravenous administration of heparin at a dose of 5000 IU bolus plus 1500 IU/hr completely suppressed generation of FPA during 5 hour dialysis and was free of visible fibrin formation in the extracorporeal circulation in 13 patients. The concentration of the fibrinolytic system marker beta 15-42 antigen did not change significantly in any of the regimens, and the concentration of PF4 altered in response to infused heparin as well as to inadequate heparinization. We conclude that complete inhibition of activation of coagulation and suppression of the platelet release reaction occurs when high plasma heparin levels (greater than or equal to 0.5 IU/ml) are maintained during dialysis: lower heparin levels may be compatible with dialysis in some patients, but they allow generation of fibrin and the platelet release reaction, which pose a potential risk to the dialysis procedure and to the patient. PMID- 6230410 TI - Pattern analysis of an actuarial strategy for computerized diagnosis of childhood exceptionality. PMID- 6230411 TI - Elective cardioversion in the presence of conduction disturbances. AB - Elective cardioversion of supraventricular arrhythmias has been demonstrated to be an effective procedure which can be performed with minimal risk. The risks of cardioversion are increased in the presence of digoxin intoxication, failure of synchronization, conversion in the presence of high energies, long standing atrial fibrillation, atrial fibrillation with slow ventricular rates, and dysrhythmias in association with ischemic heart disease or cardiomyopathy. However, the risk of cardioversion of supraventricular arrhythmias in the presence of conduction disturbances, although thought to be increased, has never been carefully studied. This study was designed to examine the effects of conduction disturbances (CD) on the success and risk of elective cardioversion of supraventricular arrhythmias (atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter) and to define the role of temporary pacemakers prior to cardioversion in these patients. PMID- 6230412 TI - Simultaneous production of monoclonal antibodies to dehydroepiandrosterone, oestradiol, progesterone and testosterone. AB - Mice were immunized with a mixture of four steroid antigens: dehydroepiandrosterone (DHA), oestradiol, progesterone and testosterone linked to bovine serum albumin through the 7, 6, 11 alpha and 17 beta positions respectively. The response to immunization varied widely with no one mouse producing an optimal response to all four steroids. In the two fusion experiments performed, antibodies to all four antigens were developed. Data are presented which show that the immune response of the spleen donor is related to the relative numbers and quality of the antibodies produced to each steroid. Despite the structural identity of the progesterone and testosterone haptens, antibodies elicited in response to their respective antigens could readily be distinguished from each other. From the large number of monoclonal antibodies obtained those most useful for radioimmunoassay were three high affinity antibodies to oestradiol and two antibodies raised against DHA but with high affinity for DHA sulphate. PMID- 6230413 TI - Polymorphism of the human C3b/C4b receptor. Identification of a third allele and analysis of receptor phenotypes in families and patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - We have isolated C3bR from surface-labeled erythrocytes of 180 normal individuals and 45 patients with SLE. These studies have identified a previously unrecognized C3bR molecule on E with a Mr of approximately 160,000 daltons on nonreduced SDS polyacrylamide gels. A similar receptor phenotype is also found on other C3bR bearing peripheral blood leukocytes. Family studies demonstrate that this approximately 160,000-dalton molecule represents a third allele that is inherited in a codominant fashion at the same locus as the two previously described C3bR alleles. In unrelated normal donors a common allele (A) determines an approximately 190,000-dalton C3bR (gene frequency 0.83), a second allele (B) determines an approximately 220,000-dalton C3bR (gene frequency = 0.16), and a third rare allele (C) determines an approximately 160,000-dalton C3bR (gene frequency = 0.01). There were no major differences in gene frequencies among Caucasians and blacks or normal individuals and patients with SLE. However, compared with normal individuals, heterozygous C3bR-AC patients with SLE express large amounts of the approximately 160,000-dalton C3bR on E. Expression of C3bR molecules among heterozygous siblings is similar, suggesting that an inherited factor controls expression of the two molecules in heterozygous donors. These observations constitute an instructive example of a structural polymorphism of an integral membrane glycoprotein and provide a structural and genetic basis for further molecular and functional analyses of C3bR in normal and patient populations. PMID- 6230415 TI - Evidence for normal fibroblast cell membranes from individuals with Huntington's disease. A fluorescence probe study. AB - We used fluorescence spectroscopy in an attempt to identify differences in the fibroblast cell membranes from individuals with Huntington's disease (HD), compared to those from normal individuals. Eight pairs of age- and sex-matched fibroblast cultures were examined, each using four different fluorescent probes. To maximize the possibility of finding a difference between the normal and HD cells fluorescence probes were selected which localize in different regions of the membrane. Also, these probes differed in their sensitivity to the surrounding environment. Procedures were developed for labeling of the fibroblasts while they were still attached to glass coverslips. All fluorescence measurements were done on attached cells, which were all found to be viable by staining with trypan blue. Both low (5-7) and high (11-13) passage cultures were examined since earlier reports indicated that normal and HD fibroblasts could be distinguished at low passage using a fluorescence method. Using these 16 cultures, and multiple determinations of the fluorescence emission spectra, anisotropies, and lifetimes, we found no significant difference between normal and HD fibroblasts. If such a difference exists, it appears to be too small for use as a diagnostic indicator for Huntington's disease. PMID- 6230414 TI - Isotype specificity of helper T cell clones. Peyer's patch Th cells preferentially collaborate with mature IgA B cells for IgA responses. AB - The nature of the IgA B cell precursors that receive preferential help from selected clones of T helper cells from mouse Peyer's patches (PP Th A) were studied. Activation of the PP Th A clones required the presence of antigen, sheep erythrocytes (SRBC), in a culture system supporting development of antibody secreting plasma cells. Two types of PP Th A cells were used. Both gave vigorous IgA responses; the first also supported low IgM, and the second low IgM and IgG subclass antibody responses. Removal of sIgA+ B cells from either splenic or PP B cell cultures selectively depleted precursors of IgA antibody producers. Cultures of purified sIgA+ B cells, cloned PP Th A cells and SRBC, selectively yielded IgA antibody producers. Finally, PP Th A cells did not support IgA responses in B cell cultures derived from spleens of young mice (days 1-25), and full IgA responses were not seen until the donor mice were 6-7 wk of age. These results suggest that cloned T helper cells can recognize and collaborate with mature, IgA committed B cells. PMID- 6230416 TI - Basal nucleus of Meynert. A neuropathological study in Alzheimer's disease, simple senile dementia, Pick's disease and Huntington's chorea. AB - The basal nucleus of Meynert (bnM) was examined in 9 patients with Alzheimer's disease--4 presenile and 5 senile cases--in 3 patients with simple senile dementia, 5 with Pick's disease, 5 with Huntington's chorea and 5 non-demented controls. The histopathological study was followed by a quantitative analysis of the magnocellular population of neurons and by the determination of their nucleolar volume. In Alzheimer's disease there was a neuronal loss ranging from 44 to 76%, which was negatively correlated with both the age at onset and age at death of the patients. Numerous surviving cells showed neurofibrillary tangles, and in 3 cases senile plaques were present. The nucleolar volume of the large neurons was significantly reduced and the percentage reduction correlated with the percentage loss of cells. In contrast, the bnM was relatively unaffected in the other disorders considered. The involvement of bnM in Alzheimer's disease confirms the previous neuropathological observations, providing further evidence that it constitutes a constant anatomical feature of this disorder. The extent of the damage is age-dependent. The sparing of the bnM in simple senile dementia suggests that it may be a different nosological entity from late onset Alzheimer's disease and this may constitute a simple criterion for distinguishing between the two forms of dementia on an anatomical basis. PMID- 6230417 TI - Variability of histochemical and morphometric data from needle biopsy specimens of human quadriceps femoris muscle. AB - Duplicate needle biopsies from the lateral portion of quadriceps femoris muscle from 20 young, healthy males were investigated morphometrically and histochemically. Mean results showed both the size and occurrence of the three main fibre types present to be similar to values obtained from a survey of the literature. However, considerable variations in the proportions of fibre types (coefficients of variation 30-40%) and significant (P less than 0.001) differences in fibre size between individuals were common. Within individuals, comparisons of samples taken at a reference site in the right thigh with samples obtained from deeper, more proximal or contralateral sites also often showed significant differences in fibre size. These results suggest caution is necessary when interpreting apparent changes in such values derived from subsequent biopsies of individuals. PMID- 6230418 TI - Methylglyoxal-bis(guanylhydrazone) (Methyl-GAG): current status and future prospects. AB - Initial clinical trials of methyl-GAG (MGBG) showed that repetitive daily administration produced severe, occasionally fatal, toxic reactions. After two decades of neglect, recent studies have shown that doses of 500-600 mg/sq m administered every 7-14 days are very well tolerated. Moreover, current results indicate that MGBG has useful antitumor activity in patients with advanced malignant lymphoma and carcinomas of the head and neck, esophagus, and lung (non small cell). The drug's mechanism of cytotoxic action and its toxic effects are not shared by most other cancer chemotherapeutic drugs. Furthermore, Phase II and Phase III evaluation are required to determine the therapeutic potential of this unique agent. PMID- 6230419 TI - Phase II study of doxifluridine in advanced colorectal adenocarcinoma. AB - Doxifluridine, a new fluoropyrimidine derivative, was tested in a cooperative phase II trial by the Swiss Group for Clinical Cancer Research in advanced measurable colorectal cancer. The drug was given in a five consecutive day schedule by a bolus intravenous injection at a dose of 4 g/m2 per day and repeated every three to four weeks. Of 42 eligible patients, 40 had no previous chemotherapy. Response was defined in 27 patients having received two or more courses of doxifluridine. Seven responses (26%) were observed. Responses were seen only in sigmoid and rectum primary tumors. Toxicity consisted mainly of leukopenia (53% of the evaluable patients), nausea and vomiting (38%). Other toxicities such as dermatitis, myocardial injury, and hair loss were also observed. Doxifluridine has therapeutic activity, albeit limited, in advanced rectosigmoid adenocarcinoma. PMID- 6230420 TI - The influential T cell in B-cell neoplasms. AB - Investigations of human B-cell malignancies have generally focused on the monoclonal B-cell populations. Until recently there has been little emphasis on the thymus (T) lymphocyte in these disorders. Current studies, however, suggest that quantitative and qualitative disorders of T cells are generally seen both in chronic lymphocytic leukemia and in multiple myeloma. This review will focus on two major concepts. First, it will define the quantitative and functional T-cell abnormalities in B-cell malignancies including evidence suggesting a causal link between the T-cell abnormalities and certain observed disease manifestations in chronic lymphocytic leukemia and multiple myeloma. Secondly, it will review data demonstrating that these T cells may be influenced by in vivo and in vitro manipulations and will outline some of the possible resultant clinical effects. PMID- 6230421 TI - Methyl-CCNU, 5-fluorouracil, vincristine, and streptozocin (MOF-STREP) in metastatic colo-rectal carcinoma. AB - Forty patients with metastatic colorectal carcinoma who had received no prior chemotherapy were entered onto a trial of methyl-CCNU, 5-fluorouracil, vincristine, and streptozocin (MOF-STREP). Ten of 40 (25%) responded. Two patients (5%) achieved a complete response and eight patients (20%) a partial response. In addition, 10 patients previously treated with chemotherapy received the MOF-STREP regimen; 1 of 10 (10%) responded. The duration of the complete responses were 5 and 16 mo, respectively. The median duration of the partial responses was 4 mo with a range of 1-16 mo. The median survival of the 11 responders was 14 mo. Median survival of the 39 nonresponders was 5 months. Responders lived significantly longer than nonresponders (p = 0.03, log-rank). Toxicity was severe with nausea and vomiting common after streptozocin and myelosuppression requiring dose reductions in 70% of patients. We compare our findings using this regimen to those of two previously reported trials. PMID- 6230422 TI - Aggressive combined modality therapy for advanced local-regional breast carcinoma. AB - Thirty-two women with advanced local regional breast carcinoma, including nine patients with histologically diagnosed inflammatory cancer, were entered on a prospective pilot study. They were treated aggressively with initial surgery, two courses of induction chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, 5 fluorouracil, +/- prednisone, +/- tamoxifen (CMF [P] [T]), local-regional radiotherapy, and then maintenance chemotherapy with CMF(P) (T) alternating with doxorubicin, vincristine, +/- tamoxifen (AV[T]). The patients have been followed for 19-70 months from the time of mastectomy and their actuarial three-year survival is 65% with a median survival that has not yet been reached. Median disease-free survival (time to progression) is currently 29.5 months. Women whose gross disease could not be totally resected surgically had shorter disease-free survivals than those rendered surgically free of disease (p = 0.01). Clinically evident cardiotoxicity was seen in 25% of the patients and was felt to be primarily due to the combination of doxorubicin and radiation therapy. It was significantly more common (Plt less than 0.05) in patients with left chest irradiation (seven of 18 women) as opposed to those with right-sided irradiation (one of 14). PMID- 6230423 TI - Mucociliary clearance mechanism in smoking and nonsmoking normal subjects. AB - Mucociliary clearance mechanisms were evaluated in 17 normal subjects visually and qualitatively by radioaerosol inhalation cinescintigraphy of the lung, and quantitatively by calculating the following indices: (a) overall or regional lung retention ratio; (b) airway deposition ratio; (c) airway retention ratio; (d) airway clearance efficiency; and (e) alveolar deposition ratio. The inhaled aerosol deposited homogeneously throughout the lungs, and mucus transport was always cephalad in direction and constant in velocity, although a temporary stasis of mucus was seen in smokers. Overall lung retention ratio was significantly smaller and airway deposition ratio was significantly larger in the smokers than in nonsmokers, but there was no difference between the groups in airway retention ratio or airway clearance efficiency. There was an inverse relationship between alveolar deposition ratio and cigarette consumption. Mucociliary clearance mechanisms were well maintained in the normal subjects, but in the smokers inhaled aerosol tended to deposit more proximally. PMID- 6230424 TI - Dark cell proliferation in carotid body hyperplasia. AB - The histopathology of the enlarged carotid bodies, in both qualitative and quantitative terms, is described in two cases. One was in a woman of 80 years with systemic hypertension and the other in a man of 72 years with pan-acinar emphysema complicated by chronic hypoxaemia. In both instances there was generalized hyperplasia of sustentacular cells, perhaps with involvement of Schwann cells and fibrocytes, with superimposed focal proliferation of dark or 'pyknotic' variants of chief cells. The functional significance of both froms of tissue response in the carotid bodies is speculated upon. PMID- 6230426 TI - Changing children's attitudes toward physically handicapped peers: effects of a film and teacher-led discussion. PMID- 6230425 TI - Cutaneous calciphylactic reactions in the mouse and the rat and the effects of diphosphonates on the reaction in the rat. AB - Calciphylaxis is a local tissue calcific reaction at the site of an injection of challenger substance given a critical time period after the oral administration of a sensitizer substance such as dihydrotachysterol (DHT), vitamin D or parathormone. Cutaneous calciphylaxis is readily induced in the rat but not in the mouse and this may be because, in the latter, the challenger substance is absorbed rapidly by macrophages. In the rat the administration of 500 micrograms/0.1 ml of DHT followed after 24 h by the subcutaneous (SC) injection of ferric chloride (FeCl3) (30 micrograms/0.1 ml) is followed rapidly by calcification of the SC site. There is an early transient acute inflammatory reaction with the incrustation of collagen fibres by the iron salt and an apparent exudation of calcium and phosphate ions from the bloodstream. These ions also become associated with collagen fibres. Two days after injection macrophages and multinucleated giant cells become the dominant cells. Calciphylaxis is a useful experimental model of ectopic calcification and is associated with an initial hypercalcaemia. The diphosphonates ethane-1-hydroxy-1, 1-diphosphonate (EHDP) and dichloromethylene diphosphonate (Cl2MDP) are effective inhibitors of the calciphylactic reaction when administered prior to the initiation of the experimental procedure. PMID- 6230427 TI - Compensatory renal growth in the mouse. III. Growth hormone and insulin deficiency. AB - The effect of combined insulin and growth hormone (GH) deficiency on compensatory renal growth (CRG) was studied in the dwarf mouse, "Little," after insulin suppression with streptozotocin (SZ). Nucleic acid and protein estimations were used to assess changes in cellular hyperplasia and hypertrophy. Mice aged 30 days received SZ while controls received buffers solution alone. Left nephrectomy was performed at 35 days of age with removal of the renoprival kidney 15 days later. In mice with normal GH, renoprival kidney weight was unaffected by SZ, but the total DNA (estimate of cell number) was higher than normal in both sham-operated and renoprival kidneys suggesting that insulin suppression may cause greater cell replication during both normal growth and CRG. The ratio of protein to DNA (estimate of cell size) in the renoprival kidney was not suppressed by SZ as reported in muscle. In GH-deficient mice (lit/lit) given SZ, CRG was significantly diminished (P less than 0.001). Total DNA in the renoprival kidney was slightly greater than the sham-operated control (P less than 0.005) but the protein:DNA ratio (cell size) was unchanged. These results suggest that when both GH and insulin are suppressed, adaptive cellular growth is inhibited. The proposal that GH and insulin are the two primary hormones controlling cellular growth is consistent with these results. PMID- 6230428 TI - Endoscopic diathermy obliteration of recurrent tracheoesophageal fistulae. AB - Recurrence of tracheoesophageal fistula after surgical repair for esophageal atresia occurs in approximately 5% to 15% of cases. Further surgery may be hazardous and mortality rates of up to 50% have been reported. We report two patients in whom successful obliteration of a recurrent fistula has been achieved by diathermy at bronchoscopy. This experience is compared to previous reports of fistula obliteration using tissue adhesives. PMID- 6230429 TI - Salivary enzymes. Origin and relationship to periodontal disease. PMID- 6230430 TI - Acid-soluble proteins of normal, regenerated, and periodontally diseased gingivae. PMID- 6230431 TI - A quantitative electron microscope study of desmosomes and hemi-desmosomes in vervet monkey oral mucosa. PMID- 6230432 TI - T cell responses of periodontal disease patients and healthy subjects to oral microorganisms. PMID- 6230433 TI - The measurement of interexaminer agreement on periodontal disease. PMID- 6230434 TI - Subgingival plaque control by a simplified oral hygiene regime plus local chlorhexidine or metronidazole. PMID- 6230435 TI - Inhibition of plaque growth by zinc salts. PMID- 6230436 TI - An experimental study of new attachment procedure in beagle dogs. PMID- 6230437 TI - Periodontal disease in three young adult populations. PMID- 6230438 TI - Intestinal absorption and metabolism of clioquinol in the rat. AB - Plasma concentrations of clioquinol and its metabolites after single or repeated oral administration of clioquinol, absorption region of clioquinol in gastrointestinal tract, and intestinal metabolism were studied in rats. Plasma concentrations of clioquinol after oral administration of four different doses (20, 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) were lower than those of the two metabolites, clioquinol glucuronide and sulfate. Mean maximal plasma concentration of unchanged drug was in the range of 1-8 nmol/ml. Clioquinol was absorbed poorly from the stomach and fairly from the small intestine. Bile was an important route for excretion of clioquinol in rats. The mesenteric venous plasma from the closed intestinal loops of both jejunal and ileal regions was analyzed for clioquinol and the metabolites and it was found that clioquinol glucuronide was formed predominantly in both regions. From the results of the present studies, intestinal metabolism of clioquinol can be pointed out as a major factor for difficulty to cause clioquinol intoxication. PMID- 6230439 TI - Glycogen depletion elicited in tenuissimus intrafusal muscle fibres by stimulation of static gamma-axons in the cat. AB - In this study the experimental conditions used to elicit glycogen depletion in tenuissimus intrafusal muscle fibres were different from those used by Barker, Emonet-Denand, Harker, Jami & Laporte (1976): the tenuissimus was left in situ; several (4-6) static gamma-axons were stimulated together; the blood flow through the muscle was not reduced during the periods of gamma stimulation except in two experiments; very much longer periods (up to 9 h) of intermittent stimulation by bursts at 50-500/s were used. Bag1 and bag2 fibres were identified by their different ATPase activities in the B region. In two experiments with normal circulation, test responses of several primary endings to short periods of stimulation at 50-100/s were still very strong after stimulation of several static gamma-axons for 5 and 9 h, respectively. Glycogen depletion was observed in a large number of chain and bag2 poles but in only one of nineteen bag1 poles examined. In two other experiments with normal circulation, there was a very pronounced reduction of the test responses after stimulation of several static gamma-axons for 7 and 9 h, respectively. Out of twenty-four bag1 poles examined, nineteen exhibited zones of depletion. In an experiment in which stimulation was conducted as in Barker et al. (1976), i.e. with reduction of muscle blood flow during 1 min periods of stimulation at 50-100/s, the primary endings still gave a strong response after fifteen periods of stimulation in contrast with the marked 'fatigue' that was constantly observed in the former study. No depleted intrafusal fibres were found in the spindles of this muscle. In a last experiment, after an initial pattern of stimulation similar to that described above, the new pattern of stimulation, but with periodical reduction of blood flow, was applied, leading to a 'fatigue' of the test responses in 2 h. In the spindles of this muscle three out of ten bag1 poles were depleted. The variability of glycogen depletion in bag1 fibres appears to be linked to the degree of spindle 'fatigue' which may develop after static gamma stimulation. It seems that in 'fatigued' spindles some factor or factors liberated by the contraction of neighbouring fibres may deplete glycogen in bag1 fibres by a non neural mechanism. When, in spite of a prolonged stimulation of static gamma axons, no fatigue of the test responses develops, zones of depletion in bag1 fibres--possibly of neural origin--are very rare, although a large proportion of bag2 and chain fibres are depleted. PMID- 6230440 TI - Interfacial bonding strengths of paired composite systems. PMID- 6230442 TI - Effects on pregnancy in mice of passive immunization against ovine LH and human chorionic gonadotrophin. AB - Mice given daily i.p. injections of immunoglobulins against ovine LH on Days 3-7 of pregnancy were devoid of implantation sites on Day 8 whereas mice treated with antibodies to hCG had embryos of normal number and appearance on Day 8. These antibody treatments reduced the mean +/- s.d. serum progesterone concentrations from 65.4 +/- 15.3 ng/ml (control globulins) to 8.6 +/- 4.9 ng/ml (anti-LH) and 9.2 +/- 3.1 ng/ml (anti-hCG) on Day 8 and had no differential effect on serum oestrogen levels on Day 4. However, the mice treated with anti-hCG did not litter; resorption of the embryos took place between Days 10 and 14 of pregnancy. Indirect immunofluorescence and quantitative immunoenzymic assays showed the presence of anti-ovine LH and anti-hCG reacting antigens in the mouse feto placental unit. On Day 6, the values of reacting antigens (mean +/- s.d. absorbance units/10 micron section of embryo) were 0.050 +/- 0.002 with control globulins, 0.059 +/- 0.002 with anti-hCG-Ig and 0.196 +/- 0.018 with anti-LH-Ig; the corresponding values on Day 12 were 0.075 +/- 0.009, 0.402 +/- 0.02 and 0.416 +/- 0.015. The quantitative disposition of the reacting antigens to the two types of anti-gonadotrophins seems to bear a temporal relationship to their respective antifertility action. The pregnancy terminating action of immunoglobulins to ovine LH (Days 6, 7 & 8) and hCG (Days 8, 9 & 10) was counteracted by administration of 2 mg medroxyprogesterone acetate on Days 6, 9 and 12, indicating the importance of progesterone in the maintenance of pregnancy in the mouse. PMID- 6230441 TI - Prosthesis cleaning aid for manually handicapped patients. PMID- 6230443 TI - Role of embryonic oestrogen in rabbit blastocyst development and metabolism. AB - Rabbit morulae were grown for 24 h in Ham's F12 medium supplemented with BSA. CI 628 citrate (1.5 micrograms/ml), a specific oestrogen antagonist, significantly inhibited the transformation of morulae to blastocysts. This inhibition was reversed with oestradiol-17 beta (1 micrograms/ml) but not oestradiol-17 alpha (1 micrograms/ml) added to the culture medium. The specific activities of phosphofructokinase, lactic dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase in blastocysts grown in vitro for 24 h in medium TC 199 + BSA showed significant elevation with blastocyst growth and expansion, while that of acid phosphatase revealed no change, and leucine aminopeptidase activity declined significantly. These changes were markedly inhibited by CI-628 citrate (2 micrograms/ml) and were reversed by oestradiol-17 beta (0.4 micrograms/ml) but not by oestradiol-17 alpha (0.4 micrograms/ml). Our findings suggest a role of oestrogen present in the rabbit morula and blastocyst in the triggering of embryonic differentiation and metabolic functions. PMID- 6230444 TI - Addition of androgens to cultured hamster epididymis increases zona recognition by immature spermatozoa. AB - The ability of spermatozoa recovered from the successive segments of the hamster epididymis to bind to the zona pellucida was studied and a major increase was found as spermatozoa passed from the proximal to the distal portion of the corpus epididymidis (1.95 compared with 20 spermatozoa bound/egg). Tubules from the proximal epididymis were cultured in conditions which preserved the motility of the contained spermatozoa for 48-72 h. Addition of 2 microM-5 alpha-DHT to the culture medium for 17 h stimulated the incorporation of 3H-labelled amino acids into several protein bands whose mobility in polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was coincident with those of glycoproteins EP1-EP6, previously identified as androgen-dependent in the hamster epididymis in vivo. Examination of the material extracted from washed spermatozoa with 0.5 M-NaCl revealed the presence of radioactive proteins on spermatozoa. The zona-binding ability of spermatozoa from androgen-treated cultured proximal corpus tubules was significantly increased (P less than 0.001) as was the no. of spermatozoa/egg (5.51) compared with the value for control cultures (0.87 spermatozoa/egg). We suggest that androgen-dependent epididymal secretory proteins that associate with spermatozoa might participate in the formation or activation of a site for zona pellucida recognition in the sperm surface. PMID- 6230445 TI - Immune complex mediated destruction of cartilage in antigen-induced arthritis of rabbits. AB - Antigen-induced arthritis of rabbits is used as a model to study pannus-free destruction of cartilage in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) by transmission and scanning electron microscopy, incorporating plain and immune labeling techniques. During the acute "arthus" phase of the RA, immune complexes form and persist in these tissues. We observed the progressive formation of electron dense material rich in immune complexes within a millimicron of the hyaline cartilage surfaces that preceded erosion and loss of surface tissue. Polymorphonuclear neutrophils congregated at the cartilage margins to engulf immune complexes at and within the cartilage surfaces. The changes occurred in regions of hyaline and fibrocartilage free of pannus. Immune complex formation appeared to be a central feature of the cartilage destructive changes, and may be central to mechanisms of tissue loss and similar to those observed in RA. PMID- 6230446 TI - Factors involved in cartilage injury. AB - The cellular and humoral mechanisms whereby the synovial membrane can bring about the degradation of the cartilage in the rheumatoid joint are discussed. PMID- 6230447 TI - Cells with immunoregulatory function: the human macrophages and the effects of remittive drugs. AB - Different inhibitory effects on the mixed leukocyte reaction were noted with sodium aurothiomalate (GSTM) and D-penicillamine (D-Pen) depending on the lymphocyte/macrophage ratio of responder cell populations. GSTM and auranofin strongly inhibited oxy radical generation whereas D-Pen had a selective effect. PMID- 6230448 TI - Interaction of rheumatoid factor with immune complexes in experimental glomerulonephritis--possible role of antiglobulins in chronicity. AB - Rheumatoid factor (RF) is found in the circulation in several human disorders associated with glomerular immune complex deposition and glomerulonephritis. RF has also been found in the involved glomeruli of several of these diseases. In several experimental systems RF has been shown to bind in situ to glomerular bound complexes and to subsequently act as an immunoabsorbent. The implications of these observations in terms of chronicity of immune complex associated glomerular lesions are discussed. PMID- 6230449 TI - Evidence for activated peripheral blood T-cells in rheumatoid arthritis. AB - We have previously demonstrated defective antigen specific T-suppressor (Ts) cell function in the peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Our study was designed to delineate whether diminished Ts activity is due to impaired interleukin (IL) dependent clonal expansion of Ts cells or to prior in vivo activation. Patients with recent onset of RA, or a disease flare, exhibited enhanced IL generation (IL-1 and /or IL-2). Increased proportions of active E-rosettes, elevated spontaneous production of IgM, and total immunoglobulin in mitogen free cultures were consistent with the concept of prior lymphocyte activation in vivo. Our results do not support defective clonal expansion of Ts cells as the basis of deficient IL generation, but do support the concept of in vivo activation of PBM cells in some patients with RA. PMID- 6230450 TI - Synovial T lymphocytes in rheumatoid arthritis. AB - The presence of interleukin-2 (IL-2) like activity has been demonstrated in synovial fluids from rheumatoid arthritis patients. Continuous T cell lines (CTL) generated from such fluids respond to the synovial IL-2, exhibit a predominant suppressor/cytotoxic cell phenotype and release immunoregulatory mediators. PMID- 6230451 TI - Early proliferative response in the human autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction in scleroderma. AB - Autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction (AMLR) studied at 7 days with cells from 20 scleroderma patients appeared decreased as compared to healthy matched controls. In kinetic AMLR studies with cells from 16 patients, this was found to result from the decline after an early proliferative response occurring on Day 4 (9 patients) or 5 (4 patients), whereas the other 2 had low responses throughout. As this early response may be anamnestic, kinetic studies lasting 12 days revealed a second proliferative response on the 9th or 10th day and the responses in allogeneic mixed lymphocyte cultures did not differ from those found in normal controls. These findings suggest either that autoreactivity between T and non T cells might have occurred in vivo in scleroderma patients and is recalled in the AMLR or that alterations of immunoregulatory cells permit this earlier activation in the system. PMID- 6230452 TI - Indications for renal artery surgery: a review. PMID- 6230453 TI - Eruptive seborrhoeic warts with gastric adenocarcinoma. PMID- 6230454 TI - Indomethacin sensitive suppressor cells in Crohn's disease: a possible role in decreased lymphocyte responsiveness. AB - Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 18 patients with Crohn's disease were assayed for the activity of indomethacin-sensitive suppressor monocytes. This activity was found to be significantly increased when compared with 16 healthy controls. Patients were also found to have decreased lymphocyte responses to PHA and this impairment correlated with the increased suppression. In contrast, the short-lived suppressor cell activity analyzed simultaneously was found to be decreased as reported in previous studies. Thus, distinct suppressor systems may be differently affected in Crohn's disease and such immunoregulatory aberrations may explain some of the immunological alterations previously reported in Crohn's disease. PMID- 6230455 TI - Effects of thyroid hormones and aldosterone on mineralocorticoid binding sites in the toad bladder. AB - In the urinary bladder of the toad Bufo marinus triiodothyronine selectively inhibits the late effect of aldosterone on Na+ transport. We have investigated whether T3 might mediate its antimineralocorticoid action by controlling: i) the level of aldosterone binding sites in the soluble (cytosolic) pool isolated from tissues treated with T3 (60 nM) for up to 20 hr of incubation; ii) the kinetics of uptake of 3H-aldosterone into cytoplasmic and nuclear fractions after 2 or 20 hr of exposure to T3. The number and the affinity of Type I (high affinity, low capacity) and Type II (low affinity, high capacity) cytosolic binding sites (measured at 0 degrees C) did not vary significantly after 18 hr of exposure to T3, while aldosterone-dependent Na+ transport was significantly inhibited. In addition, T3 did not modify the kinetics of uptake (90 min) of 3H-aldosterone into cytoplasmic and nuclear fractions of toad bladder incubated in vitro at 25 degrees C. By contrast, aldosterone itself was able to down-regulate its cytosolic and nuclear binding sites after an 18-hr exposure to the steroid hormone (10 or 80 nM). T3 slightly (20%) but significantly potentiated the down regulation of nuclear binding sites. In conclusion, T3 does not appear to have major effects on the regulation of the aldosterone receptor, which could explain in a simple manner its antimineralocorticoid action. PMID- 6230456 TI - Location of DNAase I sensitive cleavage sites in the yeast 2 micron plasmid DNA chromosome. AB - We have studied the uniformity with which the yeast 2 micron plasmid DNA within its nucleoprotein complex is protected from digestion by DNAase I. To probe for relatively unprotected regions, plasmid nucleoprotein complexes were digested with DNAase I to yield a preparation in which approximately half of the circular DNA molecules had been converted to full-length linear molecules. The sites of the double-strand breaks were then mapped in relation to restriction endonuclease sites using end-label probes. The most prominent sensitive sites were found at positions very close to the beginning and end of a 122 base-pair sequence with dyad symmetry located within the 599 base-pair inverted repetition of the plasmid. The sequence is known to be necessary for plasmid site-specific recombination. Other sensitive sites were mapped to the 5'-side of known coding regions. A unique plasmid sequence located to one side of the replication origin was also sensitive to DNAase I digestion yet did not yield discrete cleavage sites. Cleavage of plasmid DNA stripped of proteins did not result in the appearance of distinct fragments as found after cleavage of the same DNA within the nucleoprotein complex. We conclude from these results that, when complexed with proteins, specific plasmid DNA sequences involved in transcription, replication and recombination are more accessible to nuclease digestion. PMID- 6230457 TI - Use of monoclonal antibodies in immuno-electron microscopy for the determination of subunit stoichiometry in oligomeric enzymes. There are three alpha-subunits in the F1-ATPase of Escherichia coli. AB - The subunit stoichiometry of oligomeric enzymes can be determined by immuno electron microscopy using monoclonal antibodies against the individual subunits. Monoclonal antibodies against native F1-ATPase of Escherichia coli were prepared that were specific for the alpha-subunit. The immune complexes of F1 and monoclonal antibodies were isolated. Electron microscopy revealed the presence of three immunoglobulins per molecule of F1-ATPase. This unequivocally demonstrates an alpha 3 stoichiometry for the F1-ATPase of E. coli. PMID- 6230458 TI - Changes in DNA base sequence induced by targeted mutagenesis of lambda phage by ultraviolet light. AB - In targeted mutagenesis of lambda phage by ultraviolet light, the mutations are caused by radiation-induced lesions in the phage DNA. Of 62 mutations in the lambda cI gene that were sequenced, 41 (63%) of the targeted mutations were transitions, with similar numbers of C X G to T X A and T X A to C X G base changes. The remaining 21 mutations were about equally divided among eight transversions, seven frameshifts (5 additions and 2 deletions), and six double events with either two nearby base changes or a base change and a nearby frameshift. Of the 62 mutations, 60 could be associated with -Pyr-Pyr- sequences in the DNA, sites of likely photoproducts. For more information on this point, lambda phage were irradiated with 313 nm light in the presence of acetophenone, for which the major photoproduct is reported to be the thymine-thymine cyclobutyl dimer, with no measurable Pyr(6-4)Pyo photoproducts. Of 22 mutations sequenced, 19 were transversions and only one was a transition, permitting the conclusion that thymine-thymine cyclobutyl dimers are not the primary cause of ultraviolet light-induced transitions. A consideration of all the data strongly suggests that Pyr(6-4)Pyo photoproducts are mutagenic lesions. PMID- 6230459 TI - Non-targeted mutagenesis of unirradiated lambda phage in Escherichia coli host cells irradiated with ultraviolet light. AB - Non-targeted mutagenesis of lambda phage by ultraviolet light is the increase over background mutagenesis when non-irradiated phage are grown in irradiated Escherichia coli host cells. Such mutagenesis is caused by different processes from targeted mutagenesis, in which mutations in irradiated phage are correlated with photoproducts in the phage DNA. Non-irradiated phage grown in heavily irradiated uvr+ host cells showed non-targeted mutations, which were 3/4 frameshifts, whereas targeted mutations were 2/3 transitions. For non-targeted mutagenesis in heavily irradiated host cells, there were one to two mutant phage per mutant burst. From this and the pathways of lambda DNA synthesis, it can be argued that non-targeted mutagenesis involves a loss of fidelity in semiconservative DNA replication. A series of experiments with various mutant host cells showed a major pathway of non-targeted mutagenesis by ultraviolet light, which acts in addition to "SOS induction" (where cleavage of the LexA repressor by RecA protease leads to din gene induction): (1) the induction of mutants has the same dependence on irradiation for wild-type and for umuC host cells; (2) a strain in which the SOS pathway is constitutively induced requires irradiation to the same level as wild-type cells in order to fully activate non targeted mutagenesis; (3) non-targeted mutagenesis occurs to some extent in irradiated recA recB cells. In cells with very low levels of PolI, the induction of non-targeted mutagenesis by ultraviolet light is enhanced. We propose that the major pathway for non-targeted mutagenesis in irradiated host cells involves binding of the enzyme DNA polymerase I to damaged genomic DNA, and that the low polymerase activity leads to frameshift mutations during semiconservative DNA replication. The data suggest that this process will play a much smaller role in ultraviolet mutagenesis of the bacterial genome than it does in the mutagenesis of lambda phage. PMID- 6230460 TI - Dynein arm substructure and the orientation of arm-microtubule attachments. AB - In the presence of AMP-PCP (beta, gamma-methyleneadenosine 5'-triphosphate), a non-hydrolyzable analog of ATP, negative stain images of increased morphological detail indicate that the dynein arm, attached to ciliary doublet microtubules, is composed of subunits including a cape, an elongated body and a head. The arrangement of these subunits makes it possible to distinguish A from B subfiber binding sites on a single arm and to demonstrate that the head of an extended arm on subfiber A of one ciliary doublet is capable of binding to subfiber B of an adjacent doublet in a specific orientation, which supports a key step in a current model of the mechanochemical cycle by which the arm produces microtubule sliding in the ciliary axoneme. PMID- 6230461 TI - Initiation by bacteriophage T1 of DNA packaging at a site between the P and Q genes of bacteriophage lambda. AB - The growth of phage T1 on cells tandemly lysogenic for heteroimmune lambdoid prophages leads to a nonrandom packaging of lambda DNA by T1. A site, called esp lambda, is located between the P and Q genes of lambda and results in increased packaging to the left by T1. When cloned into pBR322, the esp-lambda site causes a significant increase in transduction of the plasmid by T1. The nin5 deletion inactivates esp-lambda. PMID- 6230462 TI - Autologous mixed lymphocyte tumor cell culture in patients with renal cell carcinoma. AB - Cell-mediated immunity was studied by measurement of lymphocyte response to autologous tumor cells in 19 surgically treated patients with histologically proved (mixed lymphocyte tumor cell culture) renal cell carcinoma. Tumor stage was low in 9 patients and high in 10, while grade was low in 11 and high in 8. Of 8 patients in whom a positive lymphocyte response was detected 6 had high and 2 had low stage tumors (p less than 0.05), while the grade of disease was low in 7 and high in 1 (p less than 0.05). Furthermore, the more advanced and undifferentiated the tumor the more significant the decrease in lymphocyte response (p less than 0.05). Lymphocyte response was positive in 5 of 8 patients with low stage and low grade tumors but negative in 7 with high stage and high grade disease. However, no correlation between the lymphocyte response and the degree of microscopic lymphocytic infiltration in and around the tumor was found. This study confirms that the specific immunological defense mechanism of patients with renal cell carcinoma against the tumors remains well at an earlier stage of tumor development, especially in cases with well differentiated malignancy, and showed attenuation in parallel with pathological spread or in poorly differentiated tumors. PMID- 6230463 TI - Methotrexate in the treatment of metastatic and recurrent primary transitional cell carcinoma. AB - Results in a series of 60 patients with recurrent or metastatic transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder confirm that methotrexate is active as a single agent. Over-all, 43 per cent of the patients with measurable metastases and 28 per cent with recurrent primary tumors responded for an average of 6 months. Response rates in both groups were influenced by the stage of the primary tumor. PMID- 6230464 TI - Impotence due to the external iliac steal syndrome treated by percutaneous transluminal angioplasty. AB - We report a case of secondary erectile impotence proved angiographically to be caused by an external iliac artery stenosis associated with a steal phenomenon in the pelvic region. The patient was treated successfully by percutaneous transluminal angioplasty, which can be an attractive alternative to an operation in selected patients. PMID- 6230465 TI - Sensitivity test may aid in avoiding 'poison' plant-induced dermatitis. PMID- 6230466 TI - Low T-lymphocyte ratios in homosexual men. Epidemiologic evidence for a transmissible agent. AB - To investigate risk factors for immunologic abnormalities among homosexual men, T lymphocyte helper/suppressor (OKT4/OKT8) ratios were determined in 78 healthy Danish homosexual men. Ratios in 26 men (33%) were low (less than 1.00). Visiting the United States in 1980 to 1981 was a strong (7.7-fold) risk factor for having a ratio less than 1.00. Among nine travelers who visited only once, the risk of having a low ratio increased significantly if the visit had occurred in 1981. A risk of similar magnitude (6.9-fold) was found among the three men who had not been to the United States but who reported homosexual contact with a Danish man who became ill with Kaposi's sarcoma. Risk of low ratios did not correlate with age or years of homosexual activity. Promiscuity was not a significant risk factor, but these men generally had fewer sex partners than that which has been reported from the United States. Neither nitrite inhalant use nor cytomegalovirus antibody (prevalence or titer) was associated with low ratios. These data support the hypothesis that a transmissible biologic agent may be etiologically responsible for the low helper/suppressor ratios in homosexual men. PMID- 6230467 TI - Nontransmission of T-cell subset abnormalities from hemophiliacs to their spouses. AB - Hemophiliacs who are exposed to pooled clotting factor concentrate constitute one group at increased risk for development of acquired immune deficiency syndrome. To determine the prevalence of cellular immune aberrations in asymptomatic hemophiliacs, we studied a group of 65 adult hemophiliacs for T-cell subset abnormalities. Sixty-five percent of concentrate recipients had an abnormal T helper to T-suppressor cell ratio, 40% had a depressed absolute T-helper cell level, and 29% had an elevated absolute T-suppressor cell count. To determine whether horizontal transmission of T-cell subset abnormalities from hemophiliacs to their female sexual partners occurred, we studied 41 spouses. We found no correlation between paired husband and wife values for T-cell ratio or any other immune parameter studied. There were no significant differences found between wives of hemophiliacs with reversed T-cell ratios and wives of hemophiliacs with T-cell ratios of 1.0 or greater, with respect to immunologic tests. We conclude that there is no evidence to date for heterosexual or household-contact transmission of T-cell subset abnormalities from hemophiliacs to their spouses in our study population. PMID- 6230468 TI - Low-back pain. PMID- 6230469 TI - Curious links reported between Down's and Alzheimer's disease. PMID- 6230470 TI - [Recent advances in hypoxic cell radiosensitizer]. AB - The comparative studies on the radiosensitizing efficacy of misonidazole (MISO) and SR-2508, a new 2-nitroimidazole which is less neurotoxic than MISO, were performed using C3H/He mouse mammary tumors. The enhancement ratios of 1.42 for 0.5 mmole/kg of MISO and 1.82 for 1.5 mmole/kg of SR-2508, the equitoxic dose to MISO, were obtained when each drug was administered in combination with a single dose of radiation. When the radiation was delivered in three and five fractions, enhancement ratios decreased to 1.15 and 1.11 for MISO while they remained at 1.40 and 1.34 for SR-2508 respectively. Potentiating effect of diethyl maleate (DEM) on the radiosensitization of MISO was also studied using the same experimental tumor. Although DEM, in itself, has a radiosensitizing effect in the dose range of more than 600mg/kg combined use of DEM and MISO showed more efficient synergism, e.g., the enhancement ratio of 0.5 mmole/kg of MISO increased from 1.42 to 2.06 when it was given in combination with 760 mg/kg of DEM. However, synergistic effects of MISO and DEM observed were dependent upon given dose of each drug. i.e. PMID- 6230472 TI - [Self-care equipments for the aged]. PMID- 6230471 TI - [Clinicopathological study on 100 Japanese patients with peritoneal mesothelioma in Japan]. AB - We report a clinicopathological study on 100 japanese patients with peritoneal mesothelioma encountered between 1911 and 1982. Fifty-six were males and 44 were females, they ranged in age from 10 months to 83 years. As the inducement materials, asbestos was reported in 5 and thorium in 2 patients. Clinical symptoms were abdominal distension in 56 and abdominal pain in 50 patients. Thrombocytosis and hypoglycemia were observed in 7 and 3 patients, respectively. Macroscopically, the peritoneal mesothelioma was localized in 7, diffuse in 86 and not described in 7 patients. The pathological classification was benign in 5 and malignant in 77 cases. According to Stout's classification, the peritoneal mesothelioma was tubular in 43 mixed in 25 and fibrous type in 11 cases. Based on our findings we suggest that peritoneal mesotheliomas are on the increase in Japan. PMID- 6230474 TI - [Life with a handicapped child. 1. Birth of a son]. PMID- 6230473 TI - Studies on the in vitro antigenicity test of the hepatitis B surface antigen preparation and its relationship to the in vivo potency estimate. AB - The in vitro method for measuring the antigenicity of the Hepatitis B surface (HBs) antigen devised by our laboratories was applied to the antigenicity estimation of intermediate and final products processes of production of hepatitis B (HB) vaccine. The results showed that the method can widely be used at least for the in process control test of HB vaccine. PMID- 6230475 TI - [Life with a handicapped child. 2. Clinging to a slim hope]. PMID- 6230476 TI - Effects of reserpine, alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine, p-chlorophenylalanine and 5,7 dihydroxytryptamine on the hippocampal kindling effect in rats. AB - The role of the brain monoamines in the development of hippocampal kindling was studied. Reserpine markedly facilitated the formation of hippocampal kindling. The high amplitude spike waves in the amygdala and reticular formation appeared earlier in the reserpine treated rats than in the saline injected rats. alpha Methyl-p-tyrosine did not have any effect on the formation of hippocampal kindling. Systemic injection of p-chlorophenylalanine and intraventricular injection of 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine also did not have any effect on the formation of hippocampal kindling. Progressive changes of afterdischarge elicited by hippocampal stimulation in the alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine, p-chlorophenylalanine and 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine treated rats are the same as those in the saline injected rats. These results indicate that the decrease in both catecholamines and serotonin levels caused a marked facilitation of the hippocampal kindling formation, but the separate decrease in either catecholamines or serotonin did not produce a significant effect. PMID- 6230477 TI - The defective child. Ethical guidelines for painful dilemmas. AB - The Surgeon General's regulations requiring treatment of defective newborns were criticized for being simplistic and for interfering in medical decision-making. This public policy regulation was at variance with many of the recommendations of the President's Commission for the Study of Ethical Problems in Medicine. Taking the President's Commission's report into consideration, this article proposes tentative guidelines for making difficult clinical decisions, which may form the basis of an institutional or a professional response to dilemmas surrounding the birth of a defective child. PMID- 6230478 TI - [Relation between myocardial blood supply and energy metabolism]. PMID- 6230479 TI - [Catheter angioplasty in patients with arterial occlusive diseases of the lower limbs]. PMID- 6230480 TI - [Roentgenoendovascular dilatation of the coronary arteries]. PMID- 6230482 TI - [Indications and contraindications for laparoscopy in abdominal surgery]. PMID- 6230481 TI - [Use of antimicrobial polyamide cloth in oncosurgery]. PMID- 6230483 TI - [Our experience in using Bulgarian antibacterial polyamide sheeting in surgical practice]. PMID- 6230484 TI - [Difficulties and complications of laparoscopy in tumors of the abdominal cavity]. PMID- 6230485 TI - Adverse reactions following intravenous penicillin-G relate to degradation of the drug in vitro. AB - We have recently shown that high-dose intravenous therapy with penicillin-G always results in both sensitised lymphocytes and rise of anti-penicilloyl IgG antibodies. If penicillin-G is strictly given as freshly prepared bolus doses this sensitisation is prevented. In 193 patients, intravenous treatment with penicillin-G without special precautions (bolus doses stored up to 36 h at 4 degrees C or continuous infusions) led to 8.3% definite, 6.7% probable and 14.0% possible adverse reactions. In 116 patients treated exclusively with freshly dissolved doses, 0.9% definite, 1.7% probable and 4.3% possible reactions occurred. Whereas haemolytic anaemia (7) and neutropenia (12) were observed in 19 cases of the first group no such reactions were seen in the second group. Strict application of freshly prepared single doses prevents the majority of adverse reactions following highdose intravenous penicillin-G therapy. Degradation and transformation products formed in vitro are therefore the causative agents rather than the penicillin molecule itself. PMID- 6230486 TI - Thermal activation of hexosaminidase A in a genetic compound with Tay-Sachs disease. AB - Increase in total hexosaminidase activity has been observed during heat treatment of serum and leukocyte specimens from a 1-year-old boy with cherry-red spot and severe and progressive mental and motor deterioration. The activity increased 40% in the first 40-70 min of incubation at 50 degrees C and pH 4.3, but declined thereafter and was only slightly above the initial activity in the final 2-3 h of incubation. Heat treatment of specimens from family members revealed very reduced rates of inactivation of hexosaminidase in the proband's father and some paternal relatives, whereas those of the mother and some maternal relatives were indistinguishable from those of Tay-Sachs carriers. Mixing experiments with enzyme preparations from the proband, normal controls and patients with Tay-Sachs disease resulted in additive values and did not support the possibility of inhibitor- or activator-related defect. Fractionation of heat-treated samples by ion exchange chromatography and electrophoresis, as well as examination of the separated fractions for their thermostability, have shown that hexosaminidase A is the activated component and hexosaminidases B, I1 and I2 are not affected. These findings suggest that the patient is a genetic compound and the apparent thermal activation is probably due to formation of hexosaminidase A from altered alpha-subunits produced by the paternal mutant alpha-allele and beta-subunits produced by the normal beta-alleles. PMID- 6230487 TI - Immunological aspects of human leprosy. PMID- 6230488 TI - Decision-making processes in augmentative communication. AB - The potential population for augmentative communication is large, yet no objective assessment criteria exist. This article provides the clinician with a series of matrices designed to facilitate assessment decision making and implementation of augmentative communication. The first matrix addresses the appropriateness of augmentative communication. In the matrix the clinician will find an indepth, systematic decision-making procedure for aiding in the choice of augmentative procedures as primary or complementary methods of communication. The second matrix provides the clinician with information on modes of augmentative communication. These modes include manual systems, communication boards, and electronic devices. The third matrix focuses on code information. Particular attention is given to visual and manual codes. Together, the matrices provide the clinician with an objective procedure for evaluating and organizing available clinical information on nonspeaking clients. PMID- 6230489 TI - Surgical management of acute myocardial ischemia following percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. Role of the intra-aortic balloon pump. AB - Acute myocardial ischemia is a serious complication of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty, often requiring emergency myocardial revascularization. Since our initial report of 17 such patients, we have encountered an additional 32 patients requiring emergency myocardial revascularization since September, 1981. The indication for emergency myocardial revascularization was ischemic chest pain in all 32 patients. Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty resulted in injury to the right coronary artery in 11 patients, the left anterior descending artery in 19 patients, and the left main artery in two patients. The onset of ischemia was immediate in 26 patients but delayed up to 22 hours in six patients. Chest pain was associated with ST-segment elevation in 21 patients, hypotension in 7 patients, and cardiac arrest in 6 patients. Immediate intra aortic balloon pumping was instituted in the angioplasty suite in 16 patients. The mean time from onset of ischemia to completed revascularization was 156 minutes with a mean of 1.6 grafts performed per patient. Seventeen patients (53%) had enzyme evidence of myocardial infarction postoperatively, with a significantly higher (p less than 0.01) incidence of myocardial infarction in those patients with preoperative ST elevation (76% versus 9%). In the 21 patients with ST-segment elevation, the incidence of Q wave infarction was 20% (3/15) with balloon pumping and 50% (3/6) without balloon pumping. Complications associated with intra-aortic balloon pumping occurred in one patient (6%). There were no hospital or late deaths with follow-up extending 16 months. The spectrum of injury resulting from percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty extends from chest pain alone to severe transmural ischemia with hypotension or cardiac arrest. Presentation may be immediate or delayed. Urgent emergency myocardial revascularization remains the accepted therapy for this complication. Immediate preoperative intra-aortic balloon pumping is a useful adjunct to emergency myocardial revascularization in the group of patients with acute ischemia and ST segment elevation. PMID- 6230490 TI - Pericardial baffle complications following the Mustard operation. Age-related incidence and ease of management. AB - Pericardial baffle complications with the standard Mustard operation led first to the use of alternative materials of various shapes and finally to the recent popularity of the Senning procedure. At The Oregon Health Sciences University, we have persisted since the mid-1960s in the use of a modified Mustard operation in which a rectangular pericardial baffle is employed. Among 75 patients, there were baffle complications necessitating reoperation in 13. The reoperation-free rates (+/- standard error) at 9 years for patients less than or equal to 6 months, 7 to 12 months, and greater than 12 months of age were 59% +/- 15%, 60% +/- 17%, and 95% +/- 5%, respectively. All 10 patients reoperated upon during the past decade survived with complete relief of symptoms. A double patch to widen both the superior portion of the baffle and the superior vena cava was used most commonly and is our current procedure-of-choice. Baffle complications after the use of pericardium can be managed easily and reoperation on these patients carries a low risk. However, even with experience, the incidence of reoperation remains high in patients under 1 year of age and prompts a critical age-related comparison of these late results with the Senning procedure. PMID- 6230491 TI - Characterization of new non-T, non-B acute lymphoblastic leukemia cell lines: analysis of surface antigens by quantitative cellular radioimmunoassay and flow cytometry. AB - Two novel acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cell lines, HOON and HYON, have been established from patients with non-T, non-B ALL. The cell lines have been characterized and shown to express phenotypic markers on non-T, non-B ALL. By indirect immunofluorescence and flow cytometry they express Ia and common ALL (CALLA) antigens and are reactive with monoclonal antibodies BA-1, BA-2 and OKT 9. However, the cells do not express detectable amounts of B1 antigen or of cytoplasmic mu chain, which are markers of pre-B cells. Quantitation of Ia and CALLA antigens on HOON and HYON cell lines using a cellular radioimmunoassay revealed that both cells bind high levels of anti-Ia antibodies, 110 X 10(4) molecules per cell, and low levels of anti-CALLA antibodies, 7 X 10(4) molecules per cell. Although both HOON and HYON carry equivalent amounts of Ia on their surface, only the former is a good stimulator of the one-way mixed lymphocyte reaction. PMID- 6230492 TI - [Dermatoses difficult to treat. Their treatment with an aromatic retinoid (etretinate)]. AB - The results of the treatment with etretinate of 15 cases of Psoriasis, 5 of Darier's disease, 2 of follicular Keratosis and 2 of plantar Keratosis are reported. The results were successful. PMID- 6230494 TI - [Treatment of renal artery stenosis with percutaneous transluminal angioplasty]. PMID- 6230493 TI - [Allergic contact dermatitis to ethylenediamine in skin grafts for burns]. AB - A 49 years old patient who had been sensibilized with ethylendiamine in a previous work (furniture polishing) developed at his present work (casein production) an allergic contact dermatitis in large grafting areas of his lower limbs due to burning. The disease had exacerbations during the following months and cured with the suppression of the allergene. PMID- 6230495 TI - [Osteomalacia and severe backache as a complication of long-term intake of Novalucol]. PMID- 6230496 TI - The growth of Mycobacterium leprae in nude mice. PMID- 6230497 TI - Effect of adrenalectomy and 5-hydroxytryptophan on phasic release of luteinizing hormone. AB - The effect of 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) on serum progesterone and the possible role of adrenal progesterone in mediating stimulation by 5-HTP of phasic release of luteinizing. hormone (LH) were investigated in estradiol benzoate (EB)-treated ovariectomized rats. LH surges were induced in long-term (at least two weeks) ovariectomized rats by two injections of EB (20 micrograms/rat, s.c.) with an interval of 72 hrs. Administration of 5-HTP (50 mg/kg, i.p.) at 1000 hr in EB treated ovariectomized rats resulted in a four-fold increase in serum progesterone within 30 mins, and significantly stimulated the LH surge at 1600 hr. This facilitative effect of 5-HTP on serum LH, but not progesterone, was further potentiated in rats pretreated with P-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA) 72 hrs earlier. Adrenalectomy shortly before 5-HTP administration attenuated the LH surge in saline treated controls, and completely blocked the facilitative effect of 5-HTP on the afternoon surge of LH in rats pretreated with PCPA 72 hrs earlier. On the other hand, chronic adrenalectomy (for 6 days) followed by hydrocortisone (0.2 mg/rat/day) replacement not only had no effect on the LH surge in saline treated controls, but also failed to prevent 5-HTP from facilitating the LH surge in PCPA pretreated rats. On the first day of bleeding, the basal LH value at 1000 hr in sham operated controls was significantly suppressed by PCPA pretreatment 48 hrs earlier. The second dose of 5-HTP administered on the next day failed to potentiate LH surges in either sham operated or adrenalectomized rats.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6230498 TI - Analysis with OKT monoclonal antibodies of T-lymphocyte subsets present in blood and liver of patients with chronic active hepatitis. AB - The relative distribution of T lymphocyte subsets, as defined by the monoclonal antibodies OKT, was determined by cytofluorimetric analysis in peripheral blood and in cells isolated from liver biopsies of 31 patients with chronic active hepatitis (CAH). The percentage of peripheral blood lymphocytes binding OKT8 (directed against cytotoxic/suppressor T cells) was found to be elevated in patients with HBsAg and HBeAg positive chronic active hepatitis. Patients with CAH who had seroconverted to anti-HBe, had an increased number of OKT3-positive cells in their blood, which was directed against a common T cell surface antigen, associated with a decreased number of OKT8 positive cells. Lymphocytes isolated from liver biopsies of patients with CAH presented a general increase of OKT8 positive cells associated with a decreased number of OKT4-positive (helper/inducer) T cells. It is likely that OKT8-positive cells found in liver biopsies represent cytotoxic T cells directed against either viral or liver cell determinants. PMID- 6230499 TI - [Benefits of intensive preoperative irradiation in combined therapy of breast cancer]. AB - The therapeutic, social and economic aspects of the efficacy of intense preoperative irradiation in combined therapy of breast cancer were analysed. It has been established that preoperative irradiation in the form of the fractionation of a single focal dose of 6 Gy every other day, the summary dose of 24 Gy within 8-10 days followed by surgery 1-3 days after irradiation does not either complicate its performance or the course of the postoperative period, and by the short- and long-term results it is no worse than the routine dose fractionation. Large dose fractionation saves the time of preoperative irradiation (10 days instead of 5-6 weeks), reduces the time of inpatients' stay (56-70 days instead of 90-100 days), enables most of the patients after treatment to resume work 1.2-2 mos. earlier than after the routine dose fractionation. Preoperative irradiation in the form of large dose fractionation reduces the time of treatment, does not change its efficacy and provides for a greater economic effect. PMID- 6230500 TI - [Economic effect of the introduction of complex polyfluorography into clinical practice]. PMID- 6230501 TI - Update of worker's compensation law. PMID- 6230502 TI - Observations on the vascular pattern of the left ventricular freewall in normal and hypertrophied hearts. PMID- 6230503 TI - [Work characteristics of x-ray laboratory workers in diagnostic x-ray centers]. PMID- 6230504 TI - [They defended Leningrad (on the 40th anniversary of the lifting of the blockade of Leningrad)]. PMID- 6230505 TI - [Lp(a): a little known, independent atherogenic risk factor]. PMID- 6230506 TI - [Normal values and possible interrelations of lipoprotein Lp(a) with other lipoproteins in the serum]. PMID- 6230507 TI - Comparison of two laser Doppler flowmeters for the monitoring of dermal blood flow. AB - Laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) is a noninvasive and continuous method of monitoring dermal blood flow in free flaps. There are two LDFs available for clinical application: the LD5000 Laser Doppler Perfusion Monitor and the Periflux Laser Doppler Flowmeter. Varying degrees of arterial (N = 46) and venous (N = 28) occlusion were induced in saphenous island flaps of the dog, while simultaneous measurements with the LD5000 and Periflux LDFs were made. The millivoltage output of both the LD5000 and the Periflux showed a high degree of correlation with arterial and venous occlusion and with each other. PMID- 6230508 TI - Determinants in the uptake of lysosomal enzymes by cultured fibroblasts. PMID- 6230509 TI - Fc epsilon R and Fc gamma R expressed on murine IgE-specific suppressor T hybridomas. Dissociation between suppressor activity and Fc epsilon R expression. AB - The expression of Fc receptors specific for IgE (Fc epsilon R) and those for IgG (Fc gamma R) on murine IgE-specific suppressor T hybridomas was studied. While parental T lymphoma cells (BW5147) failed to bind IgE-sensitized red cells (mIgE TNP-ORBC), the majority of T hybridoma cell lines having IgE-specific suppressor activity contained rosette-forming cells (RFC) binding mIgE-TNP-ORBC (2 to 13% of the total cells). The expression of Fc epsilon R was poor (2% or less) in T hybridoma cell lines without IgE-specific suppressor activity. In addition to Fc epsilon R, IgE-specific suppressor T hybridomas also expressed Fc gamma R as detected by ORBC sensitized with IgG antibodies (EAox gamma). beta-Interferon (IFN) (1,000 to 2,000 U/ml) augmented the expression of Fc gamma R, but not of Fc epsilon R. On the other hand, preculture of the cells with 40 micrograms of mIgE per ml enhanced the expression of Fc epsilon R without augmenting Fc gamma R expression. IgE-specific suppressor activity in the culture supernatants of T hybridomas was also augmented by preculture with mIgE. However, a dissociation between the expression of Fc epsilon R and IgE-suppressor activity was observed. In some of the subclones, mIgE augmented the suppressor activity without inducing the expression of Fc epsilon R. Furthermore, when treated with 5 micrograms of melittin, a phospholipase A2 activator, per ml, IgE-specific suppressor activity of the hybridomas was completely abrogated, whereas IgE-induced expression of Fc epsilon R was enhanced by melittin. PMID- 6230510 TI - Effect of maltose on glucan synthesis by glucosyltransferases of Streptococcus mutans. AB - The effects of added maltose on the activities of a preparation of crude glucosyltransferases (GTases) and purified dextransucrase (DS) were investigated to elucidate the inhibition mechanism of maltose on the synthesis of water insoluble glucan (ISG) in Streptococcus mutans HS-6. Tri- and tetra-saccharides produced by crude GTases from sucrose in the presence of maltose were identified as panose (4-alpha-isomaltosylglucose) and 4-alpha-isomaltotriosylglucose which were responsible for the activity of DS involved in crude GTases. Kinetic studies on crude GTases in the presence of maltose showed similar results to those of DS except that the synthesis of ISG in the crude GTases was inhibited. Comparative studies of soluble products of crude GTases and DS in the presence of maltose were performed employing gel filtration on Sephadex G-15. The existence of oligosaccharides above hexasaccharide was revealed as the products of DS but not of crude GTases. These findings were interpreted in terms of the previously proposed mechanism of ISG synthesis by S. mutans, i.e., ISG should be synthesized from the preformed soluble glucan. It was indicated that oligosaccharides above hexasaccharide are utilized for ISG synthesis in the crude GTases system. From these results, the inhibitory mechanism of added maltose on ISG synthesis by crude GTases is considered as follows: DS synthesizes a series of 4-alpha isomaltodextrinylglucose from sucrose and maltose, and the increase of added maltose results in the decrease of oligosaccharides responsible for synthesis of ISG. PMID- 6230511 TI - [Glucose metabolism in Clostridium sporogenes and Clostridium sticklandii bacteria]. AB - Clostridium sporogenes 272 has a high rate of glucose fermentation. Its cell-free extract contains all glycolytic enzymes catalysing glucose degradation to pyruvate and shows the phosphoroclastic activity. C. sticklandii CSG has a low rate of glucose fermentation. Hence, the activity of the following enzymes is lower in this organism comparing to C. sporogenes: phosphohexoisomerase (EC 5.3.1.9), phosphofructokinase (EC 2.7.1.11), aldolase (EC 4.1.2.13), triosephosphate isomerase (EC 5.3.1.1) and glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.1.12). Moreover, it is possible that the system of glucose transport into the cell is damaged in C. sticklandii. PMID- 6230512 TI - [Bacteriophage typing of Staphylococcus aureus in Turkey]. AB - S. aureus strains have been tested with several phages in Turkey. All of the phage groups of S. aureus strains were found in these investigations. PMID- 6230513 TI - Immunization against hepatitis B. PMID- 6230514 TI - Repetitive strain injuries. AB - The semimechanized and repetitive nature of industry, the greater use of keyboards, and the need to boost production during an economic recession have led to a huge increase in repetitive strain injuries. The types of injury, their diagnosis and their treatment are discussed. PMID- 6230515 TI - Serious complications of lumbar spinal manipulation. AB - We describe seven cases of serious complications after lumbar spinal manipulation, including massive cauda equina compression and vertebral pedicle fracture, to emphasize that lumbar spinal manipulations are not without potentially serious risk. PMID- 6230516 TI - Phase II evaluation of chlorozotocin in metastatic sarcomas. AB - Twenty-nine evaluable patients with anthracycline-resistant metastatic bone or soft tissue sarcomas were treated with chlorozotocin, 150 mg/m2 every 6 weeks. Four patients (14%) achieved partial responses. The most severe toxicity was usually thrombocytopenia (which occurred in 31% of patients). Chlorozotocin has only minimal activity in drug-resistant metastatic sarcomas. PMID- 6230517 TI - Temperature distributions induced in pig tissues by a water-cooled disk electrode rf system. AB - Thermal dosimetry is one of the most challenging and necessary aspects of therapeutic hyperthermia. Treatment optimization and assessment of efficacy of the therapy can only be achieved by a quantification of the thermal distributions in normal and malignant tissue induced by specific configurations of heat sources. Radial and axial temperature distributions induced in normal porcine tissues by a pair of disk-shaped direct contact electrodes operating at 0.5 MHz are presented in this communication. Temperature increments induced in the skin, adipose tissue, and skeletal muscle tissue are correlated with the magnitude of the incident power density for various sizes of circular electrodes. The observed thermal distributions very likely relate to the heterogeneous thermal and electrical properties of these tissues. PMID- 6230518 TI - Transformation of Neurospora crassa with the cloned am (glutamate dehydrogenase) gene. AB - We used DNA containing the am gene of Neurospora crassa, cloned in the lambda replacement vector lambdaL-47 (this clone is designated lambdaC-10), and plasmid vector subclones of this DNA to transform am deletion and point mutant strains. By means of subcloning, all sequences required for transformation to am prototrophy and expression of glutamate dehydrogenase have been shown to reside on a 2.5-kilobase BamHI fragment. We also characterized several am+ strains that were obtained after transformation with lambdaC-10. These strains showed Mendelian segregation of the am+ gene, although less than 50% of the transformed strains showed the normal linkage relationship of am with inl. In all cases tested, the strains had incorporated lambda DNA as well. The lambda DNA also showed a Mendelian segregation pattern. In one case, the incorporation of am DNA in a novel position was associated with a mutagenic event producing a strain with a very tight colonial morphology. In all cases in which the am+ gene had become the resident of a new chromosome, glutamate dehydrogenase was produced to only 10 to 20% of the wild-type levels. PMID- 6230519 TI - [Dento-periodontal pathology in a group of patients with brain lesions]. PMID- 6230520 TI - [Dento-periodontal pathology in a group of patients with Down's syndrome]. PMID- 6230521 TI - [Atomic armament--a potential danger to human heredity]. PMID- 6230522 TI - The effect of ethanol upon early development in mice and rats. V. In vivo effect of acute preimplantation intoxication with or without previous chronic alcoholization. AB - Albino rats (Wistar) and albino mice (RAP) were either injected intravenously with ethanol during the preimplantation period (day 4 and 3, respectively) or injected in the same way after a previous chronic alcoholization (peroral consumption of 20% ethanol for 50-60 and 32-35 days, respectively before mating, adding the days until killing). The control of possible effects was performed on day 5 (rats) and 4 (mice) by usual flushing, examination and photographing of oviductal and uterine embryos. A group of albino rats, with chronic alcoholization, was controlled for late, fetal effects (resorption rate, skeletal control, possible ocular anomalies). The main results obtained were as follows: Acute ethanol intoxication. Rats: significant increase of pathological, fragmented preimplantation embryos with a marked "litter effect". Mice: no deleterious effect upon preimplantation development. Chronic alcoholization + acute ethanol intoxication. Rats: significant retardation of the preimplantation development rate and a significant increase of the number of pathological, fragmented embryos with a marked "litter effect". Mice: demonstrable advance of preimplantation development and migration rate. Chronic alcoholization--late fetal control in rats: the increase of resorption rate; the more frequent absence of sacral vertebrae; very rare rib anomalies and the absence of ocular malformations. PMID- 6230523 TI - Decreased fertility, increased dominant lethals, skeletal malformations induced in the mouse by Ziram fungicide. AB - The toxic effect of the Ziram fungicide (Zn-dimethyldithiocarbamate) on fertility, its lethal and teratogenic potential were tested on two mouse strains, C3H and AK. The fungicide was administered by gavage to male mice in daily doses of 0.2 mg% and 0.1 mg% along three weeks, then the mice were mated with normal females. Ziram induced changes in the testes and meiotic chromosomes. From among the mated females, 80 per cent of the C3H mice and 20 per cent of the AK remained unfertilized. The dominant lethals have a higher incidence in the AK strain. The skeletal malformation induced were kyphosis, scoliosis, sternum ossification failure; retardation in skeletal development is more obvious in the AK strain. PMID- 6230524 TI - Lung pathogenesis. III. The immunopathogenic component of pulmonary processes (a systemic approach). AB - The pathogenetic role of hypersensitivity reactions was systemically approached in the framework of chronic lung processes. There were analysed the biphasic evolution at least of this activity (sensitization, hypersensitivity reactions, immunopathogenic mechanisms and the morphological events induced by them having or not an immune significance); these events occurring during the stereotyped dynamics of lung processes, are often repeated, and modify the pre-existing lesions, contributing to the complication and self-perpetuation of lung processes. PMID- 6230525 TI - Importance of morpho-clinical correlations in the diagnosis of congestive cardiomyopathies. AB - A morphologic score was performed in 17 myocardial biopsy specimens proceeding from patients with congestive cardiomyopathies. The electron microscopic changes were estimated according to their frequency and severity. According to this score, the morphological findings were compared with the clinical data and some echographic indexes of the myocardial contractility. These correlations turned out to be of great value in estimating the prognosis of these patients and allowed to set up three different stages of evolution in the congestive cardiomyopathies. PMID- 6230526 TI - Value of quantitative cytologic studies in the grading of papillary tumors of human urinary bladder. AB - Mitotic indices and nuclear volumes were determined in 10 papillomas, 20 grade I, 20 grade II and 20 grade III papillary carcinomas of the urinary bladder. The mean mitotic indices were 1.22% in papillomas, 2.77% in grade I carcinomas, 8.2% in grade II carcinomas and 15.25% in grade III carcinomas. The nuclear volumes showed a gradual shift to larger values paralleling the histological degree. It is suggested that these objective parameters might be especially useful for the cytological assessment of exfoliated tumor cells. PMID- 6230527 TI - Malignant melanomas in farm animals. AB - Malignant melanomas in 5 horses, 1 calf, 1 cow and 2 pigs were described. The disease, in white or gray horses, was tegumentally located and generalized in the organs of the abdominal cavity. Microscopically, dendritic and fusiform pigment cells and multinucleated cells were identified. In the hypophysis there microcysts and in one case a hypophyseal adenoma were encountered. Electronmicroscopically, differentiated melanophores and melanophages were also found. The mature melanosomes were intensely black and the elementary granules concentrically and lamellarly arranged. In cattle, the generalized visceral malignant melanomas were described in one calf and one cow, the latter presenting cerebral localizations, too. In swine, the malignant melanomas were observed in a Duroc with visceral generalization and in a Bazna with cutaneous localization. PMID- 6230528 TI - Effect of detergent solutions upon distal lung phospholipids. AB - Intratracheally injected acid detergent solutions induce in rabbits a predominantly bronchiolo-lobular process evolving in two steps, an epithelial and an epitheliomesenchymal one. When the acid detergent solution reached prominently the alveolar structures it determined a rapid release by exocytosis of phospholipid lamellated bodies from the large granular alveolocytes and the following engulfment by macrophages of released products (Eskenasy, 1982 b). Histochemically, the cells containing phospholipids increased in cellularized alveolar walls, the alveolar lining film appeared thickened and denser, and the accumulated free macrophages filled with phospholipid reactive granules (Landing et al. 's method). Glucose-6-phosphate-dehydrogenase activity is very intense in the cellularly thickened alveolar walls, in macrophages and in the newly formed (regenerated) bronchiolar cells. Lactate dehydrogenase activity becomes very intense in macrophages. These data complete the morphogenic events leading to the lobular pathology. PMID- 6230529 TI - Morphological behaviour of lympho-myeloid organs at experimental stimulation with leukotrophine. AB - The influence of leukotrophine on the behaviour of lymphomyeloid organs was studied in male Swiss mice aged 2 months. In the four comparatively studied groups it was shown that leukopoiesis and immune maturation was slightly stimulated by leukotrophine or protected by thiola, a radioprotective substance; the administration of both substances, leukotrophine + thiola, enhances the two actions, myelo-lymphoid leukopoiesis and cellular pyroninophilia, almost doubling them. Histochemical studies were supplemented with histoenzymatic and cytogenetic investigations. PMID- 6230530 TI - [Diseases of the upper extremities]. PMID- 6230531 TI - [Lipoprotein (a) in coronary heart disease and myocardial infarction]. PMID- 6230532 TI - [Diseases of the lower extremities]. PMID- 6230533 TI - Methodologies for the determination of various genetic effects in permeable strains of E. coli K-12 differing in DNA repair capacity. Quantification of DNA adduct formation, experiments with organ homogenates and hepatocytes, and animal mediated assays. AB - Derivatives of E. coli K-12 strain 343/113 differing in DNA repair capacity, in permeability to large molecules, and in some metabolizing activities (nitroreductase, glutathione), were constructed for the quantitative determination of the induction of various genetic effects, such as forward and back mutations, lysogenic induction of prophage lambda, and repairable DNA damage. These E. coli strains can be used in assay procedures which allow variation and control over several experimental conditions, such as oxygen tension, time, pH, temperature of incubation and growth phase of the indicator cells. Methods are described for the simultaneous determination of genetic effects and of DNA-adduct formation during mutagen treatment, i.e. by using radio labeled compounds or by means of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Mammalian biotransformation of xenobiotics can be investigated by including various fractions of mammalian organs in the system. Examples of the relative effectiveness of the activating potential of S9, S100 and isolated hepatocytes for dialkylnitrosamines and other carcinogens are presented. Host-mediated assays, finally, are described which, in addition to gene mutations, can also be used for the determination of repairable DNA damage in bacteria present in different organs, including the liver, spleen, lungs, kidneys, pancreas, and the blood stream of chemically treated mice. It is concluded that quantitative tests in vitro for assessment of induced mutagenic spectrum and genotoxic potency, combined with the host-mediated assay as a monitor, in vivo, of genotoxic factors present in various organs of animals, may become useful in the assessment of genotoxic (and possibly tumor-initiating) properties of chemicals for which long term in-vivo mutagenicity and/or carcinogenicity data are not yet available. PMID- 6230535 TI - Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological exercises. Case 12-1984. Cholestatic jaundice in an infant with gastroschisis and short-bowel syndrome. PMID- 6230534 TI - Isolation and characterization of MMS-sensitive mutants of Neurospora crassa. AB - Seven different mutants that show high sensitivity to MMS killing were isolated and mapped at different loci. One group, mms-(SA1), mms-(SA2) and mms-(SA6), showed high sensitivity to MMS but not to UV or gamma-rays. Another group, mms (SA4) and mms-(SA5), showed extremely high sensitivity to UV and MMS. And mms (SA3) and mms-(SA7) were moderately sensitive to both UV and MMS. Mms-(SA4) and mms-(SA1) were identified as alleles of uvs-2 and mus-7, respectively, which had been previously isolated. The mms-(SA1), mms-(SA6) and mms-(SA7) strains were barren in homozygous crosses, and the mms-(SA5) strain was barren in heterozygous crosses. The mms-(SA1), mms-(SA3) and mms-(SA5) strains showed high sensitivity to histidine. In summary, at least two new loci involved in the repair of MMS damage have been identified. The possibility that some of these new mutants are in new repair pathways is suggested. PMID- 6230536 TI - Pump blockers and ulcer disease. PMID- 6230537 TI - Major surgery and scleromyxedema. PMID- 6230538 TI - Novel mannosidase inhibitor blocking conversion of high mannose to complex oligosaccharides. AB - Many secretory and membrane proteins are glycoproteins carrying asparagine-linked (N-linked) oligosaccharides. There are two types of N-linked glycans, referred to as high-mannose and complex type, respectively. Biosynthesis of N-linked glycans of the complex type proceeds via a high-mannose intermediate. After the initial transfer of a high-mannose oligosaccharide with the composition (Glc)3(Man)9(GlcNAc)2 from a lipid carrier to the nascent polypeptide chain, trimming reactions take place. Trimming glucosidases remove the glucose residues quantitatively and mannosidases IA/B and II can remove all but three mannose residues. After trimming, terminal sugars such as N-acetylglucosamine, galactose, sialic acid and fucose may be added and result in the conversion to a glycan of the complex type. Because suitable inhibitors were lacking, it was difficult to assess the importance of the trimming reactions for proper intracellular traffic, modification reactions other than the addition of terminal sugars, or as regulatory steps in glycoprotein processing. Here we describe the action of 1 deoxymannojirimycin (1,5-dideoxy-1,5-imino-D-mannitol, dMM; Fig. 1) on the biosynthesis of IgM and IgD. dMM is the mannose analogue of 1-deoxynojirimycin (dNM; Fig. 1), itself a glucosidase inhibitor. We present evidence that dMM is a mannosidase inhibitor. In vivo dMM inhibits the equivalent of the mannosidase IA/B activities and blocks conversion of high-mannose to complex oligosaccharides. It is the first such inhibitor to be reported. Interference with the biosynthetic pathway of N-linked glycans could prove to be a powerful way to manipulate carbohydrate structure in vivo. PMID- 6230539 TI - [Handicapped care as an optional course in dental education]. PMID- 6230540 TI - [Effect of phospholipase A on the ATPase systems of the subcellular fractions of the brain]. PMID- 6230541 TI - The measurement of abnormal movement: methods developed for Huntington's disease. AB - Clinical and laboratory methods were developed to detect motor abnormalities in patients with Huntington Disease. For clinical evaluation a quantitated neurological examination was used which factor analyzed into 2 scales: a chorea scale (a measure of involuntary movement) and a motor impairment scale (a measure of abnormalities of voluntary movement). Mechanized methods of measuring involuntary movement (accelerometer) and voluntary movement (reaction time, tapping speed, and movement time) were also developed. The motor abnormalities detected on the clinical and mechanical tests were not specific to HD but were also present in persons at 50% risk for HD and in patients with a variety of neurological disorders. The mechanized tests may be useful for screening for motor disorders in the population: they are non-specific, portable and do not require the services of an experienced clinician. PMID- 6230542 TI - Hereditary neurodegenerative disorders in Nigerian Africans. AB - Of 2.1 million patients seen in 25 years at the University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria, only 25 suffered from heredodegenerative disorders of the nervous system. Six patients had hereditary ataxia, 10 essential tremor, 4 Huntington's chorea, 2 ataxia telangiectasia, and 3 Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease. PMID- 6230543 TI - [Left ventricular hypertrophy caused by acute or chronic hypobaric hypoxia in the rat]. PMID- 6230544 TI - Thymic cyst in an unusual site. AB - The clinical, operative and histologic findings are presented in a patient with a thymic cyst, an uncommon finding presenting as a pericardial cyst or a cardiomegaly. A review of the literature of this rare condition is presented. PMID- 6230545 TI - Coping with handicap. PMID- 6230546 TI - The cyproteronacetat treatment of sexual offenders. AB - Anti-hormonal treatment of sexual offenders with Cyproteronacetat is discussed. The authors report on their own findings, and review the literature. They believe that Cyproteronacetat in combination with supportive psychotherapy is a promising modality. They further comment on the Austrian legal situation. PMID- 6230547 TI - Dentistry for children: the pedodontist and the general practitioner. PMID- 6230548 TI - Effect of estrogens on luteinizing hormone release in testicular feminization syndrome before and after gonadectomy. AB - The effect of exogenous estrogens on luteinizing hormone release was studied in three siblings with complete testicular feminization syndrome. Two subjects, 21 and 20 years old, were postpubertal. The third, 15 years old, was in the early pubertal stage. An estrogen provocation test was performed in which 20 mg of conjugated estrogens were administered intravenously and serum follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone levels were assessed every 12 hours for 96 hours under basal conditions, on day 5 of an eight-day treatment with 0.2 mg/day ethinyl estradiol orally, and on day 5 of a subsequent eight-day treatment with 0.2 mg/day ethinyl estradiol and 120 mg/day cyproterone acetate orally. The first two tests were repeated one month after gonadectomy. During pregonadectomy treatments there was an overall luteinizing hormone fall. After gonadectomy, the two postpubertal subjects exhibited luteinizing hormone surges during ethinyl estradiol treatment -in one as a single peak and in the other as multiple peaks. A positive feedback effect was not induced in the youngest patient either before or after gonadectomy as in normal prepubertal and early pubertal females. The data suggest that testosterone or some other testicular factor inhibits estrogen induced positive feedback for luteinizing hormone. This inhibition mechanism acts independently of the testosterone cytosol receptor. PMID- 6230549 TI - Lymphocyte subsets in endometriosis. AB - Recent investigations suggested a possible immunologic etiology for endometriosis. To determine whether cellular immunity may be affected in patients with endometriosis, peripheral lymphocyte populations were investigated in 31 confirmed endometriosis patients and 22 control patients. No statistical differences in OKT3, OKT4, OKT8, OKM1, and OKTa1 cells could be observed. Total lymphocyte numbers were within normal ranges for both groups. Helper/suppressor ratios were not statistically different and were in a normal range for both groups. It is concluded that numeric differences in lymphocyte subpopulations represent only a very unlikely contributing factor in a potential immunologic etiology of endometriosis. PMID- 6230550 TI - New instrumentation and technique for laparoscopic carbon dioxide laser operations: a preliminary report. AB - Laparoscopic surgery, the accepted procedure for several indications, still has some limitations, mainly due to the risk of uncontrollable bleeding and damage to the surrounding tissues that may result from the procedure. With the advent of the surgical carbon dioxide laser apparatus and its advantage in producing a bloodless incision, the authors have modified their approach toward laparoscopic surgery. A variety of special straight laser channels for introduction into the abdominal cavity have been developed; use of these channels requires special care to protect surrounding tissues from damage during the procedure. A Sharplan laser delivery system comprising an articulated arm was used, and the operative area visualized and controlled by single- and double-puncture laparoscope systems. The techniques were first applied in rabbits and, after several improvements, used in humans for various indications. The laser laparoscope can be particularly useful in the treatment of endometriosis and lysis of pelvic adhesions. PMID- 6230551 TI - Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA). PMID- 6230552 TI - Capitol Hill's growing concern: injury compensation legislation. PMID- 6230553 TI - Contact dermatitis: when cleaner is not better. PMID- 6230555 TI - Sequence of centromere separation in cultured human amniotic cells. AB - The sequence of centromere division was analysed in 100 selected late metaphase mitoses of cultured human amniotic cells. The pattern obtained was very similar to that of the previously studied lymphocytes; Chromosomes 18, 12, 17, 5 and X proved to be early dividing, and the acrocentrics were the last to separate in both amniotic cells and blood lymphocytes. PMID- 6230554 TI - The functional, comparative and evolutionary anatomy of myosins. AB - Actins and myosins are generally present in all animal, plant and fungal cells, and in some, if not all, prokaryotes as well. It is proposed that, in general, myosins can carry specific loads as they move along actin filaments, thus mediating a form of active transport. Myosins exert their mechanical forces by a lever action (moklokinesis) of a part of the molecule: the S-1 "head" in the case of muscle myosins. Various portions of myosin molecules can be assigned specialized functions. Each such part can be designated by an appropriate functional name. Examples are: the enzyme portion (zymomere), the motor portion (dynamere), the lever portion (moklomere), a connecting portion (desmomere), a coupling or binding portion (haptomere), and one or more flexible portions (kamptomeres). These parts can be recognized in highly evolved and specialized muscle myosins and can be postulated in simpler, single headed myosins. A primitive myosin, represented principally by a moklomere equipped with a zymomere and a dynamere, is envisioned as an evolutionary ancestor of all myosins. This primitive myosin resembles the S-1 head of muscle myosin. I suggest that from such a primitive myosin, more elaborate single-headed myosins have evolved, equipped with specific haptomeres coupled to the moklomere by desmomeres and kamptomeres. From such general single-headed myosins have arisen the highly specialized two-headed myosins represented in muscle. It is suggested that the two-headed feature is favored in myosins capable of forming bipolar filaments. PMID- 6230556 TI - Termination areas of primary afferent fibers of the trigeminal nerve in the rat. AB - The cobalt-labelling technique was used to investigate the termination areas of trigeminal primary afferent fibers. The familiar somatotopic arrangement of fibers and terminals of the three divisions of the trigeminal nerve was recognized both in the spinal tract and in the nuclear complex of the trigeminus. The spinal tract could be traced as far as the 3rd cervical segment of the spinal cord where fibers crossed to the contralateral side. The different divisions of the nuclear complex could be unambiguously defined on the basis of the pattern of fiber terminations. The nucleus principalis was characterized by the even distribution of terminals in the nucleus. The nucleus spinalis was characterized by small bundles of fibers of intranuclear origin, which broke up the even distribution pattern of terminals. The presence of mesencephalic trigeminal fibers in the nucleus oralis distinguished this nucleus from the nucleus interpolaris. The nucleus caudalis was recognized on the ground of its striated structure. Primary trigeminal afferent fibers were located in the following sites: in the solitary nucleus, in the lateral part of the reticular formation, in the dorsal-column nuclei and in the superior vestibular nuclei. Primary fiber terminations could not be observed in the cerebellum. PMID- 6230557 TI - Heterogeneous regeneration of motor fibers following union of the ventral and the dorsal roots in frogs. AB - In frogs, the dorsal and ventral roots of one of the large lumbar segments (8th or 9th) of the spinal cord were severed and the central stumps were united in order to let motor fibers of the ventral root regenerate into the spinal cord via the dorsal root. After a survival period of 7 to 30 weeks, regeneration was tested in stimulation experiments and in histological investigations. Stimulation experiments involved recordings of field potentials and ventral root potentials evoked by stimulation of the regenerated dorsal root. Appreciable responses could be recorded only from a fraction of the animals investigated. Histological investigation following cobalt labelling of the united dorsal root revealed the presence of a significant amount of regenerated fibers. The arborization pattern of some regenerated fibers resembled the muscle end-plate formation. The results indicate that cholinergic motor fibers are able to replace, to a limited extent, dorsal root fibers. This suggests that there is not a strict receptor-nerve specificity in the sense that a synaptic site can be exclusively stimulated by the appropriate mediator, but rather a preferential selection for the appropriate connection. This preference is higher when both the morphology and the chemistry of the presynaptic structure match with the postsynaptic medium. PMID- 6230558 TI - Separation of synaptic junctional complexes from thin layers of rabbit cerebral cortex. AB - Synaptic junctional fractions were separated from rabbit brain by procedures based on combining the methods of Cotman and Taylor [4], Orosz et al. [16, 17] and Lisman et al. [13]. Thin layers of cerebral cortices were homogenized to obtain a crude mitochondrial-synaptosomal fraction. The sedimentation rates of mitochondria and mitochondria containing synaptosomes were increased by raising the density of mitochondria with an insoluble dense formazan deposit inside mitochondria after iodo-nitrotetrazolium treatment. The synaptic plasma membrane fraction isolated by this method contained no mitochondrial contamination. After Triton X-100 treatment the insoluble residues of the detergent were centrifuged through discontinuous sucrose gradients. A great enrichment of morphologically identifiable intact synaptic junctions was observed in some of the obtained interface layers. PMID- 6230559 TI - Distribution and the fine structure of serotonin-containing fibers in the rat small intestine. AB - Serotonin immunoreactive fibers were observed under the electron microscopy in all layers of the small intestine, with greatest abundance in the mucosa. Submucosal blood vessels were often surrounded by immuno positive nerves. In the inner circular muscle layer the immunoreactive serotonin positive fibers were closely associated with the smooth muscle cells. In the ganglia of the myenteric and submucous plexuses, labelled fibers surrounded the immunonegative neural cell bodies, but rarely formed conventional synaptic junctions. It is concluded that the serotoninergic system of the small intestine may influence the activity of associated structures in a diffuse non-synaptic manner. PMID- 6230561 TI - Influence of culture conditions on the growth-stimulatory effect of corpus luteum extract in mouse fibroblasts. AB - The influence of corpus luteum extract on the growth of mouse embryo fibroblast monolayer cultures is stronger in sparse cultures than in dense ones. Its growth stimulating activity seems to be somehow higher in glass bottles than in plastic dishes. Corpus luteum extracted from pig and/or cattle acted in a similar way. PMID- 6230560 TI - Morphological and biochemical studies on liver, kidney and gill of fishes affected by pesticides. AB - Effect of a herbicide, paraquat (1,1'-dimethyl-4,4'-bipyridilium-dichloride), the fungicide copper sulphate, and zinc chloride was studied on the histological structure of liver, kidney and gill of three fish species with different feeding habits, viz.: a herbivorous, silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix); an omnivorous, common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) and a carnivorous, sheatfish (Silurus glanis L.). The organs were studied electron microscopically after fixation according to Karnovsky. The toxic effect manifested itself characteristically on the respective species, regardless of the type of the chemical applied and the species specificity. Upon the effect of the treatments applied the cytoplasm of the respiratory cells of the gill became electron transparent and the cytoplasmic organelles disappeared almost totally. In the chloride cells showing focal necrosis, residuals of nuclear, mitochondrial and endoplasmic origin were seen. Pillar cells and the pericytes remained intact. In the nucleus of the liver cells, electron dense heterochromatin was not present. The degree of the damage in the liver cells was indicated by swollen mitochondria with electron transparent matrix and by dilatation and vacuolation of the endoplasmic reticulum system. Epithelial cells decreased in electron density, the endoplasmic reticulum was vesiculated, mitochondria were swollen. Leucocytes increased in number, and empty vacuoles and vacuoles filled with dense granules appeared in them during toxicosis. Copper sulphate or paraquat increased serum transaminase enzyme activities (glutamic acid-oxalacetic acid transaminase, glutamic acid-pyruvic acid transaminase) in all the three fish species. These damages can cause serious disturbances in energy uptake and secretion processes of fish. PMID- 6230562 TI - A Hungarian twin study on hand clasping, arm folding and tongue curling. AB - A twin study was performed in adult Hungarian monozygotic and dizygotic pairs for hand clasping, arm folding and tongue curling. Genetic background of these traits could not be confirmed, although there appears to be a positive correlation between hand clasping type and handedness. PMID- 6230563 TI - [Studies on the elution of composite resins using ultraviolet absorption spectroscopy]. PMID- 6230564 TI - [Problems in the treatment of children with severe mental disturbances]. PMID- 6230565 TI - [Dental extractions in patients undergoing anticoagulant therapy]. PMID- 6230566 TI - [Reaction of the pulp to a new composite adhesive]. PMID- 6230567 TI - [100 years of school medicine service--an almost forgotten anniversary]. PMID- 6230568 TI - [Are users of water softening devices more severely affected by alcohol?]. PMID- 6230569 TI - [Significance of radionuclide ventriculography (RNV) for the social medicine evaluation of myocardial infarct patients]. PMID- 6230570 TI - [Creation of need equitable social psychiatric services outside of agglomeration areas]. PMID- 6230572 TI - [Medical care in emergencies--demarcation of responsibility in the rescue service law and medical legal rights]. PMID- 6230571 TI - [Effectiveness of antimicrobial treatment of carpets in the hospital. II. Durability and mutagenicity]. PMID- 6230573 TI - [Origin of the disease designation "syphilis"]. PMID- 6230574 TI - [Personnel status (especially of physicians) in the public health service from 1951 to 1980 in comparison to ambulatory and inpatient care--I]. PMID- 6230575 TI - [Changes in the tasks of the public health service]. PMID- 6230576 TI - [Work disability data as a principle in the observation of the course of chronic diseases]. PMID- 6230577 TI - [Psychiatric protective measures between reality and therapeutic consideration]. PMID- 6230578 TI - [The elderly in the family: family help in disease and need for care]. PMID- 6230579 TI - [Random sample control of the effectiveness of preventive rubella vaccination]. PMID- 6230581 TI - [Bactericidal effect of current disinfectants on Legionella pneumophila]. PMID- 6230580 TI - [Case report of a Salmonella epidemic (S. haardt)]. PMID- 6230582 TI - A guide to understanding the insurance world's most confusing and most important type of policy. PMID- 6230584 TI - [Functional therapy of the vertebral pain syndrome]. PMID- 6230583 TI - [Acid mucopolysaccharides in the postnatal maturation of the brain]. AB - Using the reliable method of separating cell fractions and myelin from the rat brain tissue during postnatal ontogenesis, we investigated changes in the content of acid mucopolysaccharides (AMPS) as macromolecular constituents in cell elements, neuronal and glial fractions, on one hand, and subcellular structures, myelin, on the other. During postnatal ontogenesis, the content of rat brain AMPS displays marked fluctuations not only in toto but also within all cell fractions and myelin. These changes were the highest in glial fractions, somewhat lower in neuronal fractions and the lowest in myelin fractions at the beginning of myelination. During the period of intensive myelination, the level of AMPS decreases markedly in glial fractions but increases in myelin fraction. In the late period of postnatal development, myelin contains 60% of the rat brain AMPS. PMID- 6230586 TI - Musculoskeletal assessment. Low back pain assessment. Part I. History-taking. PMID- 6230585 TI - [Current status of the foci and morbidity of tick-borne relapsing fever in Uzbekistan]. AB - The contemporary state of settlement nidi of tick-borne relapsing fever is discussed on the material collected in the Namanganskaya and Andizhanskaya regions of Uzbek SSR. Despite the control measures and rise of the sanitary culture of population the conditions are still preserved for the maintenance of nidi. As in ancient estates, classical nidi of tick-borne relapsing fever, so in modern ones there are preserved conditions for existence of flourishing populations of vectors, i.e. favourable habitats and the availability of hosts. The analysis of factors is given affecting the contemporary level of sick-rate with tick-borne relapsing fever. Within the limits of the distribution area of the vector a higher sick-rate should be expected than it is registered. PMID- 6230587 TI - Musculoskeletal assessment. Low back pain assessment. Part II. Defining range of motion. PMID- 6230588 TI - [The alternative complement pathway]. AB - The alternative complement pathway comprises three component proteins C3, B, D and three regulatory proteins P, H and I. These plasma proteins represent the major humoral defense mechanism against infection in a non-immune host. The following topics are reviewed: biochemistry of the alternative pathway proteins; molecular mechanisms of activation and regulation of the pathway; involvement of the alternative pathway in human diseases. PMID- 6230590 TI - Care of chronically ill children in schools. PMID- 6230589 TI - Cardiac hypertrophy: a pathogenetic factor in rupture of infarcted heart. PMID- 6230591 TI - The organization of services for chronically ill children and their families. AB - Despite a political climate that deters optimism for rapid growth in the field of maternal and child health, we believe that there are reasonable steps that can and ought to be taken in the years immediately ahead. These steps would lead to important and lasting changes in the delivery, organization, and financing of services to chronically ill children and their families. Furthermore, pediatricians can play important roles--as they have historically--in reshaping care for children with special needs. First, children with chronic illness and their families require a set of services substantially different from those required by the majority of the nation's children. Just as there is no escaping the presence of a chronic illness for a child and family, the health care system cannot escape its responsibility to provide these services. This nation has been extraordinarily attentive to the medical services that these children need. Advances in the diagnostic and medical treatment procedures for many chronic illnesses have been remarkable, allowing many children to live far longer and in much better health than anyone would have expected two decades ago. This nation has not been so attentive to other services. A child with diabetes may have the finest medical care available in the region, yet her family lacks the money for gas to visit her in the hospital. The cystic fibrosis specialist may develop a comprehensive management strategy for his patient, but it fails to have full effect because the family's local pediatrician remains uninformed. These and many other examples convince us that the first step toward improving the organization of services for these children and their families must involve sustained national attention to their broad and special needs. Pediatricians are in an excellent position for this effort. Though most pediatricians will not have in their practice many children with the same chronic illness, they are likely to be the only medical practitioners who will get to know a broad spectrum of chronically ill children and their families. Because of this perspective they can be a truly informed and effective voice, articulating to their local communities the need for special services for this population of children. Second, services should be organized in such a way as to de-emphasize dependence on expensive tertiary care hospitals and instead to foster the delivery of care closer to the child's and family's own community.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6230592 TI - Clinical assessment: physical and psychological functioning. AB - This article has provided evidence that children with chronic disorders of all kinds are at increased risk for psychosocial disturbances. That they are also likely to experience some degree of physical disability is self-evident. Accordingly, in the comprehensive care provided for these children the pediatrician is obliged to attempt to assess the status of functioning in these domains. A variety of methods for doing so in the context of a busy office practice has been presented. PMID- 6230593 TI - Suppressor T-cell activity in newborns and mothers. AB - We studied autologous and allogeneic concanavalin A (Con A)-induced suppression of proliferative responses to phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and Con A in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in 24 normal newborns and compared the results with those obtained from 20 normal older children. Three concentrations of PHA and one of Con A were used to stimulate responder cells. Suppressor activity, elicited in the stimulated cell population after 48 h pre-incubation with Con A, was expressed as percentage inhibition of the proliferative response to PHA. There was an inverse relationship between PHA concentration and suppressor activity, and autologous suppression was greater than allogeneic suppression within each group of patients and at each mitogen concentration. In both the autologous and allogeneic systems, older children showed more suppressor activity than newborns. Feto-maternal pairing showed that newborns efficiently suppress their mother's mitogenic responses, but the mothers do not suppress their own or other newborn's lymphocytes, despite having normal autologous suppressor capability. We suggest that suppressor activity by the fetus and it's inhibition in the mother may play a part in the mechanism for controlling maternal-fetal immune rejection. PMID- 6230594 TI - [50th anniversary of the Byelorussian Pediatric Society]. PMID- 6230595 TI - [G.I. Turner Leningrad Research Pediatric Orthopedic Institute and its role in children's health care (on the 50th anniversary of its founding)]. PMID- 6230596 TI - Adrenocortical function in bronchial asthma. AB - Female patients with "intrinsic" bronchial asthma without corticosteroid therapy for at least 3 months revealed low blood concentration of total protein-unbound + protein-bound) and free (biologically active, protein-unbound) cortisol, dehydroepiandrosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate, as also a low urinary excretion of dehydroepiandrosterone metabolites. The results suggest that bronchial asthma is associated with hypoadrenia due to an impaired production not only of cortisol, but also of adrenocortical androgens resulting in an insufficient hormone supply of the target organs. These seem noteworthy, since recent observations showed relationships between the immune responsiveness and sex hormones. PMID- 6230597 TI - [Non-gated computed tomography of left ventricular hyperthrophy--comparison with vectocardiograms]. PMID- 6230598 TI - Formation of transcribing mononucleosome-eukaryotic RNA polymerase II complexes in vitro as a simple model of active chromatin. AB - Mononucleosomes obtained from cultured mouse hepatoma cells were incubated with RNA polymerase II from wheat germ. No free DNA was liberated as available templates under the experimental condition employed. Size analysis of the transcripts showed that the polymerase initiated transcription from either terminus and read through the DNA template of mononucleosomes. Sucrose density gradient centrifugation of the reaction mixture resolved mononucleosome polymerase complexes from free materials. The complexes were characterized by the enrichment of DNA fragments containing the nucleosome linker region, the presence of H1 histone, and the increased susceptibility to DNase I. Both the complexes formed in the presence and absence of precursor nucleotides were susceptible. These suggest that RNA polymerase II prefers to bind to the linker region, and the polymerase-bound nucleosomes are structurally altered. The data were discussed in context with possible mechanisms of transcription of the nucleosome structure. PMID- 6230600 TI - Evaluation of arterial injury due to balloon angioplasty by 111In-labelled platelets. AB - The sensitivity of 111In-labelled platelets for the detection of intimal trauma following balloon angioplasty was evaluated in 8 arteries in 6 patients. Focal platelet accumulation was detected at all 3 iliacs, one superficial femoral and the anterior tibial artery angioplasty sites. Minimal platelet accumulation was present at the superficial femoral artery angioplasty site in another patient whereas in both renal arteries no focal platelet accumulation was detectable. These results indicate that 111In-labelled platelets may provide a sensitive method for evaluation platelet accumulation at the balloon angioplasty site in the peripheral circulation. PMID- 6230599 TI - Lysogenization of ultraviolet-irradiated Escherichia coli with lambda: dependence on the recA and recB gene products. AB - The lysogenization of ultraviolet-irradiated Escherichia coli cells by the lambda phage was studied. Genetic analysis indicates that changes in the number of the lysogenized cell during post-UV growth is primarily due to the change in the proteolytic activity of RecA protein. Full proteolytic activity is achieved only in the presence of the functional recB gene product. PMID- 6230601 TI - Common disability of the elderly and its prevention. PMID- 6230602 TI - The use of client-advisory groups in research. PMID- 6230603 TI - The plight of the disabled nurse. PMID- 6230605 TI - An occupational hazard. PMID- 6230604 TI - Nursing Mirror midwifery forum. Problems in pregnancy. PMID- 6230606 TI - Sufentanil citrate: a new opioid analgesic for use in anesthesia. AB - Sufentanil citrate is a potent analogue of fentanyl that has been evaluated primarily for use in opioid anesthesia. It is a pure mu receptor agonist and produces the typical spectrum of opioid effects. The major side effects are truncal rigidity and prolonged respiratory depression. In doses of 4-30 micrograms/kg sufentanil produces hypnosis and suppresses most hemodynamic and hormonal responses to surgery without producing significant cardiovascular depression. In this respect sufentanil and fentanyl have clear advantages over morphine, meperidine and potent inhalation anesthetics. Compared to fentanyl, sufentanil has a more rapid onset and shorter duration of action. The relatively high concentration of commercially available sufentanil injection will make it much more convenient for its intended application than fentanyl injection. This new agent will be used primarily for open-heart surgery and major operations in patients with severe cardiovascular compromise. PMID- 6230607 TI - [French, European and international medical and scientific congresses and meetings from 1984 through 1990]. PMID- 6230608 TI - [Contribution of arthroscopy to therapeutics]. PMID- 6230609 TI - [Action of fenofibrate in hypercholesterolemic children. 18-month follow-up]. AB - Twelve children with lla hypercholesterolaemia were given fenofibrate and examined after 6, 12 and 18 months of treatment. Cholesterol levels were measured both in whole plasma and in lipoprotein fractions after precipitation with concanavalin A. Plasma cholesterol and apoprotein B-bound cholesterol were reduced by 20% and 26% respectively (p less than 0.01). A non-significant 10% increase in apoprotein A-bound cholesterol was observed. These changes were effective at 6 months and persisted throughout the study. Fenofibrate was well tolerated and this, together with its effectiveness in lowering lipid values in hypercholesterolaemic children, suggests that it would be useful to achieve primary prevention. PMID- 6230610 TI - [Hematologic repercussions of disorders of thyroid secretion]. AB - The effects on blood of abnormal thyroid hormone secretion were investigated in a prospective study involving 80 patients. Anaemia, when present, could usually be ascribed to association with another pathology. In non-anaemic patients an excess or a deficiency of thyroid hormones had opposite effects on erythrocytes. Leucocytes as a whole were not influenced by hypothyroidism, but untreated hyperthyroidism seemed to be responsible for a relative decrease in the number of neutrophils and a relative increase in the number of eosinophils and mononucleate cells. Platelet counts were unaffected by variations in thyroid hormone levels. Excluding the effects on blood of synthetic antithyroid drugs, the changes observed were generally reversible after correction of the abnormal hormone secretion. PMID- 6230611 TI - [Peripheral intravenous infusions. Reduction of morbidity owing to an electronic controller of infusion flow rate]. AB - The ability of an electronic infusion controller (IVAC 230) to reduce morbidity in peripheral intravenous infusions was investigated in a controlled randomized trial. The results were assessed on the number of sites of injection in relation to the total duration of perfusion, with an adjustment for the quality of the fluids infused. Using the controller resulted in a 50% decrease in the number of sites of injection (risk alpha = 1%, beta = 10%). PMID- 6230612 TI - [Postoperative pain: comparative study of the analgesic effect of sodium naproxen and paracetamol]. AB - Pain after extraction of two antagonistic third molars was chosen to compare the analgesic effects of single doses of naproxen-sodium (825 mg) and paracetamol (1 000 mg). 124 patients of both sexes, aged from 14 to 41 years, took part in the trial which was of the double blind double dummy type with randomization into one or the other treatment. In all, 89 patients were acceptable for inclusion and followed the protocol correctly. The two treatment groups were statistically matched with regard to age, diagnosis, time of surgery and post-operative drug taking. The results were assessed by the patients on individual report-cards and by the clinician on the control visit. The analgesic effect began at the same time with naproxen-sodium and paracetamol but lasted longer (over 12 hours) with naproxen-sodium. During the 12-hour observation period, 43% of patients on naproxen-sodium refrained from taking an escape drug, as against 23% of patients on paracetamol, the difference being significant (alpha = 5%). Complete pain relief was obtained in 41% of patients under naproxen-sodium and in only 18% of patients under paracetamol. Two side-effects were noted in the paracetamol group and none in the naproxen-sodium group. In this particular pain model, the analgesic activity of naproxen-sodium proved statistically stronger and more durable than that of paracetamol. PMID- 6230613 TI - [Sleep apnea syndrome]. AB - The occurrence of episodes of obstructive apnoea during sleep is encouraged by a variety of factors: local anatomical abnormalities, degree of activation of the autonomous nervous system, obesity, central nervous system depression from alcohol or drug consumption, deprivation or fragmentation of sleep. Each of these factors can play a predominant role in the development of the syndrome and their demonstration can contribute to our understanding of the success or failure of the different treatments. The authors' therapeutic experience includes mainly healthy living associated with treatment of systemic disorders and use of medroxyprogesterone and protriptyline. These therapeutic measures can be supplemented, if needed, by palatopharyngoplasty with or without temporary tracheostomy. PMID- 6230614 TI - [Use of the gallbladder in the re-establishment of biliary continuity]. AB - Five procedures using the gallbladder to re-establish biliary or biliary digestive continuity have been described. A new technique, is presented, which was applied in a case of benign, acute cryptogenetic stenosis requiring full resection of the common hepatic duct. Owing to its theoretical advantages, this new technique may be considered when post-operative results are dependent upon the risks inherent in reflux cholangitis, as is the case in liver transplantation. PMID- 6230615 TI - [Biermer's anemia, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, myasthenia and malignant thymoma. HLA B8, DR3, and DR5 antigens]. PMID- 6230616 TI - [Hepatic involvement in the contaminated oil toxic syndrome]. PMID- 6230617 TI - [Evaluation of a tumor marker of pancreatic cancer. Preliminary results]. PMID- 6230618 TI - [Dermatomyositis in children. Use of colchicine in outbreaks of calcinosis]. PMID- 6230619 TI - [Mitral valve prolapse. Association with skeletal abnormalities]. PMID- 6230620 TI - [Acute carbon monoxide poisoning. Genetic factors]. PMID- 6230621 TI - [Hyperuricemia resistant to urate oxidase. Role of anti-serum urate oxidase precipitating antibodies]. PMID- 6230622 TI - [Incidence of somnambulism in children with migraine]. PMID- 6230623 TI - [Acute adult respiratory distress syndrome during transfusion of fresh frozen plasma]. PMID- 6230624 TI - [Diagnosis of irreversible coma. Value of Doppler carotid flow monitoring]. PMID- 6230625 TI - [Hepatic amebiasis. Reversible bilio-pancreatic changes]. PMID- 6230626 TI - [Spondylodiscopathies in ankylosing spondylitis]. PMID- 6230627 TI - [Malignant non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Bone marrow autograft]. PMID- 6230628 TI - [Amyloidosis in periodic disease]. PMID- 6230629 TI - [Dichloromethylene diphosphonate in the treatment of lytic bone metastases]. AB - Dichloromethylene diphosphonate (Clodronate) has powerful activity against osteoclasts. We studied its effects on calcium balance in patients with malignant osteolytic lesions. Ten normocalcemic patients with advanced metastatic bone disease or myeloma were evaluated in a baseline 20-day calcium balance and kinetic study. They were then randomized to a clodronate or placebo regimen, treated intravenously for two weeks and orally for a month, and finally re evaluated in another 20-day balance and kinetic study, conducted while they were still receiving treatment. The results show that both calcium balance and calcium absorption increased from base line in the clodronate group and that these changes were significantly different from those in the placebo group. There was a marginal decrease in bone resorption in the clodronate group and no change in bone accretion. Our results suggest that clodronate may be a useful adjuvant in managing metastatic bone disease. PMID- 6230630 TI - [Treatment of hypercalcemia in osteolytic metastases with oral amino hydroxypropylidene-diphosphonate]. AB - Twelve patients with malignant hypercalcemia were treated with amino hydroxypropylidene-diphosphonate (APD), a potent inhibitor of osteoclast-mediated bone resorption. The mean serum calcium levels fell from 3,48 +/- 0,27 mmol/l before treatment to 2,66 +/- 0,31 after 10 days of oral APD (10 to 15 mg/kg/d) as the sole agent (p less than 0,001). The molar calcium/creatine ratio in the 24-h urine was significantly reduced from 2,11 +/- 0,73 to 0,70 +/- 0,52 after ten days of treatment (p less than 0,001). Serum phosphorus and urine hydroxyproline did not change significantly. Tolerance was good except for two patients with hiatal hernia who developed oesophagitis. Ours results confirm that oral APD is an effective and simple treatment of malignant hypercalcemia. PMID- 6230631 TI - [Localized hyperthermia in the treatment of human deep tumors. 4 years' experience]. AB - Localized hyperthermia was used on 86 adult patients with deep-seated tumours beyond therapeutic resources. The possibility of regression could be assessed in 71. Following treatment with an instrument producing 13.6 MHz radiofrequency waves, demonstrable regression was obtained in 28% of all cases and in 50% of the last 22 cases treated for a total of 20 hours divided into one-field sessions of at least 2 hours. Even in the absence of regression, the pain-killing effect was most conspicuous. Some physical and technological problems inherent in the method have yet to be solved, but undoubtedly localized radiofrequency hyperthermia has real possibilities in the treatment of deep-seated human tumours, and this without toxic hazards, which is quite unusual in cancerology. PMID- 6230633 TI - [Shoulder dislocation. A simple method of reduction without anesthesia]. PMID- 6230632 TI - [Infertility caused by uterus bipartitus. Value of the Bret-Palmer operation]. AB - Among the uterine malformations responsible for infertility, uterus bipartitus is one of the most amenable to surgery. The operation devised by Bret and Palmer is intended for those cases where the malformation is due to non-resorption of the medial septum and not for those where it is due to lack of fusion of the Mullerian ducts. The results are excellent, since 70% or 80% of previously infertile women subsequently became pregnant. PMID- 6230634 TI - [Autochthonous Plasmodium malariae malaria in a child]. PMID- 6230635 TI - [Pseudo-occlusion of the main trunk of the left coronary artery]. PMID- 6230636 TI - [Production of carcinoembryonic antigen by a benign cystadenoma of the ovary. Association with gelatinous disease of the peritoneum]. PMID- 6230637 TI - [Analgesia by peridural morphine. Injection through the first sacral foramen]. PMID- 6230639 TI - [Thickening of the gallbladder wall following hepatic artery embolization. Value of ultrasonic monitoring]. PMID- 6230638 TI - [Kaposi's disease with mesenteric localization]. PMID- 6230640 TI - [Hepatic hydatidosis in West Africa. Association with peritoneal carcinomatosis]. PMID- 6230641 TI - [Inflammatory purpura as a premonitory sign of HBs antigen-positive hepatitis]. PMID- 6230642 TI - [Malignant hyperthermia or heat stroke?]. PMID- 6230643 TI - [Mediterranean boutonneuse fever contracted in the Paris region]. PMID- 6230644 TI - [Tuberculous meningitis. Prognostic and ethnic factors]. PMID- 6230645 TI - [Function and dysfunction of the sinus node]. PMID- 6230646 TI - [Treatment of herpes infections with transfer factor]. AB - Twelve patients suffering from recurrent herpetic infections resistant to several current therapies were treated for a 3 to 10 months period with a bovine transfer factor specific to Herpes simplex virus of type 1 and 2. The results obtained showed that this treatment was capable of dramatically reducing the intensity, duration and frequency of the relapses. This preliminary clinical trial suggests that specific transfer factor administered orally could be an effective treatment of herpes infections. PMID- 6230647 TI - [Insulin-dependent diabetes with acute onset. Remissions induced by early temporary blood glucose normalization]. AB - Within 6 months of the acute onset of an insulin-dependent diabetes, remission of insulin-dependence was attempted in 30 hospital patients by strict control of glycaemia obtained in a few days with intravenous infusions of insulin, using a macropump. This was followed by an oral antidiabetic treatment, and the patients were considered in remission when metabolic control was achieved. By this method remission of insulin-dependence was obtained in 90% of the patients; it lasted for more than 1 year on average, and its degree seemed to depend on the time elapsed between the clinical onset of the disease and the beginning of the intravenous treatment but also, to a lesser extent, on the residual secretory capacity of the pancreas when this treatment was instituted. Thus, an intensive metabolic control increases the effectiveness of an oral treatment as regards both number of patients improved and duration of remission. When administered alone at the onset of the disease the oral treatment is only effective in about 30% of the cases. PMID- 6230648 TI - [Single-dose preventive treatment of urinary tract infections after endoscopic resection of the prostate]. AB - The ability of mezlocillin to prevent urinary tract infection after trans urethral prostatectomy was evaluated in a randomized trial involving 100 patients (49 treated and 51 controls) with bacteria-free urine prior to surgery. One single 2 g dose of the antibiotic was administered intravenously 1 hour before the operation. Mezlocillin was chosen on the results of a preliminary study of post-trans-urethral prostatectomy urinary tract infections in 150 patients and was given as a single dose to prevent the development of multiresistant strains. Both groups of patients were comparable with regard to age, percentage of malignant tumours, weight of resected tissue and duration of post-operative bladder catheterization. Following surgery, bacteriuria (greater than or equal to 10(5) organisms/ml) was present in 18.4% of treated patients and in 51% of controls (p less than 0.001), the difference being significant on the 2nd and 5th post-operative days (p less than 0.01 and p less than 0.05 respectively). Clinical signs of infection were less frequent, and the duration of post operative stay in hospital was reduced by more than 1 day in the treated group. PMID- 6230649 TI - [Sterno-chondro-costal joint arthritis in heroin addicts. Value of computed x-ray tomography. 4 cases]. AB - Four cases of sterno-articular arthritis in young heroin addicts are reported. The diagnosis, much facilitated by the knowledge of drug addiction, is confirmed by biopsy which excludes a tumour, usually malignant in that region. Computerized tomography is essential to explore for retrosternal extension. In the absence of extension cure can be obtained by medical treatment, thus avoiding resection of the sternum and rib with subsequent plastic surgery. PMID- 6230650 TI - [Gonadoliberin. Therapeutic prospects]. AB - Since the luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH) has been identified and its mode of action understood, it has become possible to envisage a therapeutic use of long-acting, non toxic analogues. Biochemical modifications of the decapeptide have resulted in the synthesis of potent LH-RH antagonists and agonists. Paradoxically, however, the agonists, devised to induce ovulation, exert an antagonistic action due to a decrease in the number of pituitary LH-RH receptors and to desensitization of the pituitary gland to the decapeptide. These inhibitory effects are associated with the prolonged activity of the analogues, in contrast with the stimulant effects of physiological LH-RH which has a short half-life and is secreted by bursts. The direct action of LH-RH analogues on gonads suggested by animal experiments has not been found in man since human gonads are devoid of specific LH-RH receptors. Alterations in steroid production are consecutive to the rise in LH initially induced by LH-RH agonists. The complete gonadotropic inhibition which follows the administration of LH-RH antagonists or agonists suggests that these compounds could be used in man, notably for the treatment of hormone-dependent carcinomas and isosexual early puberty and in the field of contraception. PMID- 6230651 TI - [Gastro-esophageal reflux. Treatment with an inert prosthesis, the Angelchik collar]. AB - Although very little has been published on this subject, the American Heyer Schulte Corporation has estimated at more than 13 000 the number of Angelchik prostheses inserted throughout the world since 1979. The prosthesis is a vulcanized silicone crescent which, when its two horns are brought closer together, forms a pneumatic ring around the abdominal oesophagus. The authors describe the operative procedure and analyze the mode of action of the prosthetic device which acts as a collar, a lasso and an anvil-block for the abdominal oesophagus and is particularly effective in the treatment of gastro-oesophageal reflux. PMID- 6230652 TI - [Postserum cephalic tetanus. A case after anatoxin therapy and homologous serotherapy]. PMID- 6230653 TI - [Immediate angioplasty during the acute phase of myocardial infarction. An alternative to intracoronary thrombolysis]. PMID- 6230654 TI - [Association of polymyositis and auto-immune thyroiditis]. PMID- 6230655 TI - [T3-T4 magic formula]. PMID- 6230656 TI - [Amyloidosis with gastroparesis. Improvement with domperidone]. PMID- 6230658 TI - [Transplacental passage of digoxin in the human fetus. Attempted pharmacokinetic study]. PMID- 6230657 TI - [Aneurysm of the splenic artery. Chronic abdominal pain secondary to dissection]. PMID- 6230659 TI - [Multiple ureteral diverticula. A new case]. PMID- 6230660 TI - [Immuno-allergic erythroderma caused by vancomycin]. PMID- 6230661 TI - [Intolerance to cows' milk]. PMID- 6230662 TI - [Diagnosis of cows' milk intolerance. Value of specific IgE]. PMID- 6230663 TI - [Physicians, responsible for computer expenses? Apropos of department manual files]. PMID- 6230664 TI - [History of tuberculosis control in Sevastopol]. PMID- 6230665 TI - Genetic registers and the prevention of inherited disorders. PMID- 6230666 TI - Proteolysis and the domain organization of myosin subfragment 1. AB - Because the proteolytic cleavage of a folded polypeptide depends not only on the specificity of the protease but on the nature of the folding, we investigated the cleavage of (chymotryptically produced) subfragment 1 (designated "S-1") or "head" segment of myosin by seven proteases with different specificities. All seven produced approximately the same three fragments of S-1--namely, fragments (from the NH2 terminus) of 27, 50, and 20 kilodaltons, suggesting that in intact S-1 these fragments are distinct domains. The same proteases were used to hydrolyze the MgADP complex of S-1. All failed to do so except trypsin, which, as found earlier [Hozumi, T. (1983) Biochemistry 22, 799-804], makes two additional cleavages. This result suggests that the conformational change induced by MgADP opens up only a small stretch of polypeptide chain, which stretch happens to be vulnerable to trypsin. PMID- 6230667 TI - Characterization of heparan sulfate-proteoglycan of glomerular basement membranes. AB - Native and de novo synthesized heparan sulfate-proteoglycan (HS-PG) of basement membranes from isolated whole glomeruli were characterized. Sepharose CL-6B chromatograms of [35S]sulfate-labeled de novo synthesized HS-PG extracted from whole glomeruli indicated identical molecular weight characteristics to that isolated from purified basement membranes (Mr of intact HS-PG approximately equal to 130,000; Mr of chains approximately equal to 25,000). Electron microscopic autoradiography showed that almost all radioactive grains were localized to the basement membranes proper. The estimated Mr of core protein approximately equal to 18,000. The sedimentation coefficient of native intact HS-PG was 5.56 S, corresponding to a Mr between 150,000-250,000, a value in accord with gel filtration data on newly synthesized HS-PG. Physicochemical characteristics of HS PG of native functional basement membranes differed remarkably from that isolated from the basement membrane-producing tumor, Engelbreth-Holm-Swarm sarcoma. PMID- 6230668 TI - Identification of a 145,000 Mr membrane protein as the C3d receptor (CR2) of human B lymphocytes. AB - The C3d receptor (CR2) of human B lymphocytes mediates the binding to these cells of immune complexes that have activated the complement system and bear the fragments of C3, iC3b, C3d,g, and C3d. A 145,000 Mr membrane protein previously described as being recognized by the monoclonal antibody HB-5 and shown to be expressed only by B lymphocytes and B lymphoblastoid cell lines, such as Raji, was assessed for its possible identity as CR2. Treatment of Raji cells with HB-5 and goat F(ab')2 anti-mouse IgG (GaM) diminished the capacity of these cells to form rosettes with sheep erythrocyte (E) intermediates bearing 130,000 molecules of iC3b or C3d, whereas treatment with the monoclonal antibody alone had no effect. The capacity of peripheral blood B lymphocytes to bind EC3d was similarly inhibited by the combination of HB-5 and GaM. The possibility that HB-5 may interact with a site on CR2 that is distinct from the ligand binding site permitted the direct analysis of the capacity of the HB-5 antigen to bind to the C3 fragments. Protein A-containing Staphylococcus aureus particles to which HB-5 had been bound were incubated with detergent lysates of Raji cells and B lymphocytes under conditions that had been shown to be associated only with the binding of the 145,000 Mr antigen. These particles bearing HB-5 and antigen derived from either cell type were shown to adhere specifically to EiC3b and EC3d, demonstrating that transfer of the HB-5 antigen from CR2-bearing cells to S. aureus particles led to the acquisition of CR2 function by the particles. The additional findings that the relatively weak capacity of Raji cells to form rosettes with EC3b was inhibited by HB-5 and that the S. aureus particles bearing immunoadsorbed HB-5 antigen bound to EC3b indicated that the C3b-binding function of the CR1-negative Raji cell resides in CR2, rather than in other membrane proteins. PMID- 6230669 TI - Isolation and partial renaturation of proteolytic fragments of the myosin head. AB - Methods have been devised for isolating two of the tryptic fragments (those termed "20K" and "50K") of myosin "subfragment 1" in pure form. Fragment 20K was examined for renaturation after removal of denaturants used in its preparation. It generated a CD spectrum corresponding to ca. 64% formed structure (roughly what would be expected from its amino acid sequence) and a red-shifted UV spectrum such as arises when phenylalanine and tyrosine are perturbed by structural interactions. Actin affinity of fragment 20K was tested by 1-ethyl-3 (3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide cross-linking, inhibition of the actin activated ATPase of subfragment 1 containing light chain 3, cosedimentation with actin, and light scattering; the affinity exceeded 5 X 10(6) M-1. The foregoing suggests that moiety 20K has a sovereign existence in (i.e., is a domain of) myosin subfragment 1. Preliminary work indicates that fragment 50K also binds actin, but with a lesser affinity. PMID- 6230670 TI - Functional molecular weight of the lac carrier protein from Escherichia coli as studied by radiation inactivation analysis. AB - Cytoplasmic membrane vesicles prepared from Escherichia coli containing multiple copies of the lac y gene were frozen in liquid nitrogen before or after generation of a proton electrochemical gradient (interior negative and alkaline) and irradiated with a high-energy electron beam at -135 degrees C. Subsequently, the lac carrier protein was extracted into octyl beta-D-glucopyranoside, reconstituted into proteoliposomes, and assayed for transport activity. Under all conditions tested, activity decreased as a single exponential function of radiation dosage, allowing straightforward application of target theory for determination of functional molecular mass. When lac carrier activity solubilized from nonenergized vesicles was assayed, the results obtained were consistent with a functional molecular size of 45-50 kDa, a value similar to the size of the protein as determined by other means. Similar values were obtained when the octyl beta-D-glucopyranoside extract was irradiated, and the target size observed for D lactate dehydrogenase was in good agreement with the molecular size of this enzyme. Strikingly, when the same procedures were carried out with vesicles that were energized with appropriate electron donors prior to freezing and irradiation, a functional molecular size of 85-100 kDa was obtained for the lac carrier with no change in the target size of D-lactate dehydrogenase. In contrast, when the vesicles were energized under conditions in which the proton electrochemical gradient was collapsed, the target mass of the lac carrier returned to 45-50 kDa. The results indicate that the functional mass of the lac carrier protein is no greater than a dimer and suggest that the proton electrochemical gradient may cause an alteration in subunit interactions. PMID- 6230671 TI - Interaction of the bacteriophage P1 recombinase Cre with the recombining site loxP. AB - The interaction between the P1 recombinase protein Cre and the DNA site at which it acts, loxP, has been studied by using nuclease protection techniques. The region of DNA protected by Cre against nuclease attack by DNase I or neocarzinostatin is a 34-base-pair (bp) region containing two 13-bp inverted repeats separated by an 8-bp spacer region. These protected sequences have previously been shown to be required for efficient Cre-mediated recombination at loxP. The results of the above protection experiments suggest (i) that no more than 34 bp may be required for loxP recombination and (ii) that the asymmetry of loxP recombination is due to the 8-bp spacer sequence. With neocarzinostatin, a specific nucleotide within the 8-bp spacer region is not protected. This nucleotide is located in a 2-bp sequence shown to be involved in a loxP crossover event, suggesting that this region remains exposed after Cre binding. Protection experiments have also been done with loxP sites that have either the left or right inverted repeat deleted. The nuclease protection pattern of these sites reveals that each loxP site consists of two binding domains for Cre, each being composed of one 13-bp inverted repeat and the contiguous 4 bp of the 8-bp spacer region. PMID- 6230672 TI - Ca2+-ATPase of the sarcoplasmic reticulum shares a common domain with a membrane glycoprotein associated with the cytoskeleton of microvilli. AB - On the basis of structural observations, it has been proposed that cytoskeletal organization of the intestinal microvilli could be related to striated muscle structure. We have prepared antibodies against an amphipathic membrane glycoprotein (140 kilodaltons) associated with microvillar cytoskeleton and investigated its occurrence in striated muscle. Frozen sections of striated muscle were prepared according to the technique of Tokuyasu and visualized by indirect immunofluorescence with antibodies to the 140-kilodalton protein. In longitudinal sections the labeling was concentrated mainly in the area of the I band. In cross sections a honeycomb pattern was observed, suggesting that the recognized antigen was probably associated with the periphery of the myofibrils. Ultrathin frozen sections prepared for electron microscopy revealed that this antigen is closely associated with the membrane of the sarcoplasmic reticulum. In muscle extracts, the antibodies to the intestinal microvillar 140-kilodalton protein recognized a protein of 100 kilodaltons that comigrates with the Ca2+ ATPase of the sarcoplasmic reticulum. They recognized a purified preparation of the Ca2+-ATPase and, more specifically, the trypsin-generated fragment A2, the NH2-terminal part of the molecule that is exposed on the cytoplasmic face of the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Although these two proteins, expressed in unrelated cells, have a different molecular size and are inserted in different types of membranes, they share a common structural domain responsible for their crossreactivity. We propose that this domain could also be responsible for a common function--namely, the bridging of actin filaments to membranes. PMID- 6230673 TI - Proteolytic activation of a bioactive cardiac peptide by in vitro trypsin cleavage. AB - Mammalian cardiac atria possess several unidentified biologically active peptides. Fractionation of rat atrial extracts by gel filtration chromatography revealed two major fractions [apparent molecular weights of 20,000-30,000 (peak I) and less than 10,000 (peak II)], both of which were potent natriuretic agents (eliciting a 25-fold increase in sodium excretion) and smooth muscle relaxants. Vigorous treatment with trypsin (100 units/ml at 37 degrees C for 15 min) of both fractions abolished all biological activity. Further purification of the lower molecular weight fraction (peak II) by ion-exchange chromatography indicated two subfractions that possessed potent natriuretic activity and that preferentially relaxed either intestinal (designated peak IIA) or vascular (peak IIB) smooth muscle assay tissues. The similarity of the biological effect of the high (peak I) and low (peak II) molecular weight peptides led us to test the possibility of precursor-product relationship. Mild proteolytic treatment of the high molecular weight peptide with trypsin (1 unit/ml at room temperature) markedly enhanced the smooth muscle relaxant activity. Subsequent analysis of the trypsin (1 unit/ml) treated high molecular weight peptide (peak I) by gel filtration and ion-exchange chromatography revealed that the peptide now resembled the low molecular weight peptides (peaks IIA and IIB) present in the original atrial extract. These data suggest that the cardiac atria contain a relatively inactive (smooth muscle relaxant) high molecular weight peptide and suggest that biologically active low molecular weight peptides can subsequently be generated by proteolytic cleavage. PMID- 6230674 TI - Basophils and mast cells: morphologic insights into their biology, secretory patterns, and function. PMID- 6230675 TI - Receptors for IgE on mast cells and basophils. PMID- 6230676 TI - Surrogate mothering. Case for discussion. PMID- 6230677 TI - On surrogate mothers. PMID- 6230678 TI - Suppressor cells and chronic HBV infection. PMID- 6230679 TI - New approaches to hepatitis B vaccines. AB - Current HBV vaccines are composed of subviral forms of HBsAg purified from pooled human plasma, inactivated and absorbed to alum. These vaccines have established an excellent record of safety and efficacy in clinical trials to date. Economic factors and theoretical safety problems associated with the plasma donor population, however, have stimulated an intense interest in the development of alternative vaccines for HBV. The recombinant DNA and synthetic peptide approaches appear to offer the greatest potential for future generations of HBV vaccines. Such vaccines would be free of the potential safety problems associated with plasma source material and could assure the continued supply of uniform HBsAg for vaccine use. PMID- 6230680 TI - Effect of oral mesoglycan on plasma lipoprotein concentration and on lipoprotein lipase activity in primary hyperlipoproteinemia. AB - Mesoglycan extracted from calf aorta was orally administered (96 mg/day) to 15 patients with primary hyperlipoproteinemia: 4 type IIA, 4 type IIB, 6 type IV and one type V. In the seven hypertriglyceridemic patients the drug after two months of treatment reduced total and VLDL-triglyceride from 701 mg/dl to 423 mg/dl (p less than 0.025) and from 562 mg/dl to 377 mg/dl (p less than 0.025) respectively and increased lipoprotein lipase activity from 19.7 mumol/l/min to 27.8 mumol/l/min (p less than 0.05). No change was observed in the group with type IIA IIB hyperlipoproteinemia. PMID- 6230681 TI - [Synthetic serine proteinase inhibitors. 30. Synthesis of alpha-benzoylamino-4 amidinocinnamic acid and alpha-(4-amidinobenzoylamino) cinnamic acid amides, and their inhibitory effect on trypsin-like enzymes]. AB - To test their inhibitory activity against enzymes, the authors synthetized the compounds named in the title. The synthesis started from the corresponding azlactones 1 and 9. Subsequent aminolysis led to the alpha-benzoyl-aminocinnamic acid amides 2 and 10 which contain a cyano function. The acid amides were converted, in different ways, to the desired amidine salts 4, 7, 12 and 15. The amidines obtained showed but little inhibitory activity against the serine proteinases thrombin, trypsin and plasmin. PMID- 6230682 TI - How to control beam profile during laser photoradiation therapy. PMID- 6230683 TI - Comparison of the efficacy of pulsed and continuous-wave red laser light in induction of photocytotoxicity by haematoporphyrin derivative. PMID- 6230684 TI - Mandibular reconstruction using the Dacron-urethane prosthesis and autogenic cancellous bone: review of 32 cases. AB - The prosthesis and cancellous bone graft technique has proven to be versatile, reliable, and highly successful when applied to mandibular reconstruction. The type of prosthesis used appears to be of some importance. Analysis of 32 cases in which the Dacron-urethane mandibular prosthesis was used is presented. Among these cases there were one failure (3 percent) and three minor complications (9 percent). These results are superior to those reported in the series in which metallic prostheses were used. PMID- 6230685 TI - Breast reconstruction with an external oblique abdominis muscle turnover flap and a bipedicled abdominal skin flap. AB - A new technique of breast reconstruction is demonstrated using a turnover flap of the external oblique abdominis muscle together with a sheath of the rectus muscle to enlarge the submuscular pectoralis major pocket for the implant. To overcome a tight skin, a bipedicled abdominal skin flap is transposed for breast reconstruction. In so doing, a natural-looking breast is formed by a simple operative technique with rare complications. The technique has been applied in 11 patients with good results. PMID- 6230686 TI - Mechanism of biofeedback in the treatment of chronic back pain: an hypothesis. PMID- 6230687 TI - New directions in standard terminology and classifications for primary care. AB - Three documents that considerably facilitate primary care research have been produced in recent years. They are an international glossary of primary care health terms, an international classification of primary care health problems, and a primary care process classification. To describe the full spectrum of primary health care, however, additional classifications are needed that detail the reasons for encounters and indicate health status. Work on these several classifications is in progress and a set of primary care classifications has been proposed as a basis for the 10th revision of the International Classification of Diseases. PMID- 6230688 TI - [Mentally handicapped in dental treatment (II)]. PMID- 6230689 TI - The "inverted V" sign of pneumoperitoneum. AB - On the supine radiograph, an inverted "V" may be seen over the pelvis in a patient with pneumoperitoneum. While in infants this is produced by the umbilical arteries, in adults it appears to be created by the inferior epigastric vessels. PMID- 6230690 TI - Legal case briefs for nurses. PA: LPN injured: hospital liable; MN: herniated disc: employer liable. PMID- 6230691 TI - Legal case briefs for nurses. AR: prolapsed uterus: Workers' Comp; MN: LPN fired: benefits awarded. PMID- 6230692 TI - [Allergy to topical drugs]. PMID- 6230693 TI - [Role of a damp working environment in a textile workshop in the development of foot mycoses]. PMID- 6230694 TI - [Prokeratosis palmaris, plantaris et disseminata as a precancerous condition]. PMID- 6230695 TI - [Lipid content and acidity of the skin surface in patients with juvenile acne treated with tetracycline]. PMID- 6230696 TI - [Acetylation phenotype in patients with dermatitis medicamentosa]. PMID- 6230697 TI - [Various personality characteristics in patients with alopecia areata, rosacea and lichen planus]. PMID- 6230698 TI - [Anxiety pattern in patients with alopecia areata, rosacea and lichen planus]. PMID- 6230699 TI - [Kawasaki disease. Presentation of 2 cases with aneurysms of the coronary arteries]. PMID- 6230700 TI - Health Services Advisory Committee recommendations welcomed by College. New action urged to reduce health staff back injuries. PMID- 6230701 TI - New self help group for nurses hopes to get members better deals. Turning backs on injuries. PMID- 6230702 TI - [Monoclonal antibody typing of sub-populations of T lymphocytes in the blood and broncho-alveolar lavage (BAL) in sarcoidosis]. AB - Cell typing of sub-populations of lymphocytes is facilitated by using monoclonal antibodies (OKT); with this technique we determined the relative proportions of "helper" T-lymphocytes (OKT4) and "Suppressor" T-lymphocytes (OKT8) in the blood and the LBA of 13 patients suffering from pulmonary sarcoidosis. In the control subjects the OKT4/OKT8 ratio was 1.9 +/- 0.3 in the blood (38 subjects) and of 2 +/- 0.2 in the LBA (6 subjects). Six patients suffering from inactive sarcoidosis (stabilised) had an OKT4/OKT8 ratio on average of 1.2 +/- 0.39 in the blood and of 1.86 +/- 0.46 in the LBA. By contrast in 7 patients suffering from "active" sarcoidosis, on average the ratio was 1.88 +/- 1.20 in the blood but 5.13 +/- 3.51 in the LBA; this ratio was notably raised in the LBA in 5 cases and was due as much to an increase in the T-"Helper" (OKT4) percentage as to a fall in the T "Suppressor" (OKT8). It is probable that the T-"Helper" lymphocytes found in great numbers in the lung in active sarcoidosis cases participate in the formation of sarcoid granulomas and attract phagocytic mononuclear cells. This phenomenon seems to correspond to a local immune disturbance without producing a similar result in the peripheral blood of the patients. PMID- 6230703 TI - [Development of an attitude structure test. Short report of initial validation studies on a projective measurement method]. PMID- 6230704 TI - [Treatment of asthma]. PMID- 6230705 TI - Differences in the kinetics of the autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction between the various connective tissue diseases. AB - Kinetic studies of autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction (AMLR) over 7 days were made in 86 patients with various connective tissue diseases. None was receiving any treatment and each disease group was controlled with age-sex matched healthy controls. There were exceptions, but, as a rule, SLE patients (n = 22) had decreased responses on days 6-7. This was more apparent in patients with active disease than in those with inactive disease. Patients with scleroderma (n = 21) had early (day 4) proliferative responses. Half of the patients with RA (n = 14) had early (day 3) proliferation, but as a group they had normal increase in 3HtdR uptake on day 7. Patients with primary Sjogren's syndrome showed flat curves throughout and no significant proliferation on days 6-7 of culture. The pattern found in patients with mixed connective tissue disease (n = 11) was also peculiar in that they had peak proliferative responses on day 3 and normal 3HtdR uptake on days 6 and 7 of the AMLR. The number of patients with dermatomyositis or polymyositis was small (n = 6), but they showed a significant mean decrease in uptake on days 6-7. Studies using subpopulations of stimulatory cells further indicate that these patterns reflect immunoregulatory disturbances peculiar to each disease. PMID- 6230707 TI - [Immunofluorescence in the diagnosis of autoimmune diseases and other diseases of the immune system]. PMID- 6230706 TI - Depressed exocytosis by rheumatoid neutrophils in vitro. AB - Polymorphonuclear leucocytes and monocytes have been isolated from the peripheral blood of patients with rheumatoid arthritis and healthy controls using Percoll gradient centrifugation. These cells have been tested for their ability to release superoxide anion and to undergo exocytosis following stimulation with heat-aggregated IgG. Monocytes from patients and controls react similarly in these assays but neutrophils from the patients release less beta-glucuronidase than do normal cells. This could not be related either to the expression of cell surface Fc receptors or to oxidative metabolism and does not appear to be an effect of the administration of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug therapy. It is suggested that rheumatoid neutrophils are not inherently defective but are less responsive to activation in vitro because of prior exposure to immune complexes in vivo. PMID- 6230708 TI - [Metabolic influences on the onset of fibrillation and on membrane potentials of denervated muscles]. AB - Fibrillation activity and membrane depolarization which follow denervation, were studied in skeletal muscles of control and pretreated adult rats. The investigation was carried out on both fast (Tibialis Anterior) and slow (Soleus) muscles. The pretreatment consisted in prolonged (4 days) starvation, or Streptozotocin-induced diabetes, preceding denervation. Denervation was performed by cutting the sciatic nerve. In fast as well as in slow muscle, both pretreatment significantly delayed the onset of fibrillation. Starvation enhanced depolarization only in fast muscle, while diabetes was effective also in slow muscle. The results support the view that membrane depolarization (but not fibrillation activity) in denervated muscle is related to an altered carbohydrate metabolism. PMID- 6230709 TI - [Atheromatous arteriopathies. Therapeutic choices]. PMID- 6230710 TI - C3b receptor-negative peripheral blood neutrophils. A study of normal and haematologically abnormal disorders. AB - Expression of peripheral blood neutrophil (PBN) C3b receptors, as assessed by rosette formation with C3b-coated ox erythrocytes, was examined and compared with neutrophil alkaline phosphatase (NAP) activities in both normal and haematologically abnormal conditions. The results indicate that a small percentage of normal PBN are apparently C3b receptor-negative and that these neutrophils do not appear to differ with respect to age from those with detectable C3b receptors. Examination of PBN C3b receptors from 154 cases of various haematological disorders revealed a significant proportion of cases with increased numbers of C3b receptor-negative neutrophils. These abnormalities did not appear to be related to peripheral leucocyte counts, NAP activities or serum lysozyme concentrations and it is suggested that the increased numbers of C3b receptor-negative PBN may be related to intravascular factors such as immune complexes. PMID- 6230711 TI - Cytochemistry of human T lymphocyte subpopulations in peripheral blood. AB - With sequential investigation of immunological and cytochemical markers on single cells, T lymphocyte subsets defined by monoclonal antibodies were examined in the peripheral blood of healthy adults. Leu-3a+ T cells (helper/inducer) were 80.0 +/ 6.6% dot positive with unspecific acid alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase (ANAE) and 52.2 +/- 15.8% dot positive with diaminopeptidase IV (DAP IV) staining, as compared to 52.6 +/- 7.6% ANAE and 29.1 +/- 10.9% DAP IV dot positivity in Leu 2a+ T cells (suppressor/cytotoxic). Although these differences were significant (P less than 0.001 and P = 0.002, respectively), the rather high % of dot positivity in Leu-2a+ cells precludes ANAE or DAP IV staining as a simple method for the determination of T lymphocyte subsets. In acid phosphatase staining, no significant difference in focal positivity between Leu3a+ and Leu-2a+ T cell subpopulations was detected (63.3 +/- 10.9% and 52.3 +/- 10.0%, respectively; P greater than 0.1). PMID- 6230712 TI - p69,71 antigen complex detected by monoclonal antibody Leu 1 in the identification of particular stages of malignant B-cell differentiation. AB - Lymphomatous cell samples from 86 patients with B-cell neoplasia (34 chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, 8 hairy-cell leukaemia, 5 prolymphocytic leukaemia, 20 immunocytic lymphoma, 9 centrocytic lymphoma, 3 centroblastic/centrocytic lymphoma, 3 lymphoblastic lymphoma, 1 plasma cell leukaemia and 3 plasmacytoma) were studied using the monoclonal antibody Leu 1, detecting a p69,71 antigen complex present on nearly all thymocytes, most (greater than 85%) peripheral T lymphocytes as well as some malignant B-cells. Furthermore, we compared the reactivity of Leu 1-positive B-cells with those exhibiting conventional surface markers such as mouse-erythrocyte-receptor, FcIgG-receptor, C3b- or C3d-receptor and surface immunoglobulins of the various heavy- and light-chain types. Our results demonstrate a correlation between the expression of p69,71 antigen complex and distinct phenotypes revealed by conventional markers and underline the value of Leu 1 monoclonal antibody in the differential diagnosis of human B cell neoplasia. PMID- 6230713 TI - Localization of the binding site on IgG for solubilized placental Fc gamma receptor. AB - Placental Fc gamma R (FcR) inhibited the rosette formation between monocytes and rabbit IgG-sensitized erythrocytes (EA), whereas the rosette formation with granulocytes was not impaired. Staphylococcal protein A (SpA) inhibited the rosette formation with both cell types. Results obtained in absorption and agglutination experiments showed that SpA blocked the binding of FcR to IgG, and Cl did not. Furthermore, FcR did not interfere with the binding of SpA to IgG, whereas C1 affected this binding. FcR apparently bind to the C gamma 3 region. Since FcR inhibited the binding of EA to monocytes, the monocyte FcR binding site is probably also located within the C gamma 3 region. PMID- 6230714 TI - Auto-delayed-type hypersensitivity induced in immunodeficient mice with syngeneic modified self-antigens. II. Suppressor T cells control the autoimmune response. AB - The control of the autoimmune response to modified self-antigens was explored, using immunodeficient mice injected with syngeneic trinitrophenylated spleen cells (TNP-SC) as an experimental model system. X-irradiated (250 rad) A mice injected with TNP-SC and footpad-challenged 7 to 14 days later with syngeneic lymphoblasts generated a delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) response that was expressed by footpad swelling measured 24 h, 48 h and 72 h later. Histopathological examination showed massive inflammatory infiltration in the soft tissues of the limbs with extensive necrosis. This was not observed in X irradiated mice that received the lymphoblast challenge only. The immunological activity was transferred from the X-irradiated TNP-SC-immunized mice to naive recipients by T cells (Lyt-1+) and not by serum, thus excluding the possibility that the inflammatory reaction is mediated by antibodies. We have previously presented evidence that the differentiation status of the lymphoblasts, and not contaminants from the incubation media, was the determinant factor eliciting the DTH response of immunodeficient mice injected with TNP-SC. Since only syngeneic lymphoblasts were able to elicit the DTH response of immunodeficient mice injected with syngeneic TNP-SC, we suggested that immunological activity was directed against self-antigens, thus expressing an autoimmune reactivity. The ability of immunodeficient mice to generate syngeneic DTH was not restricted to the TNP hapten or to inbred A-strain mice. X-irradiated BALB/c mice injected with syngeneic penicillinated spleen cells and challenged with syngeneic lymphoblasts generated a significant DTH response, in contrast to X-irradiated BALB/c mice exposed to the challenge dose only. X-irradiated A mice injected with syngeneic TNP-SC and simultaneously reconstituted with syngeneic splenocytes failed to generate a DTH response after the lymphoblast challenge, indicating that the syngeneic DTH response is controlled by normal suppressor cells. The suppressor cells were characterized as T cells carrying I-Jk, Lyt-1+, Lyt-2+ and Lyt-3+ antigenic markers. The suppressor cells abrogated the syngeneic DTH response of immunodeficient mice injected with TNP-SC, even when transferred a few days after the induction of immunological activity, but not when transferred 1 h before the lymphoblast challenge, indicating that even the established immunological activity can be restrained. Various immunological aspects of these observations and the significance of the findings in illuminating human autoimmune disorders are considered. PMID- 6230715 TI - Failure to distinguish ultrastructurally between T4+ (helper) and T8+ (suppressor/cytotoxic) T-cell subsets. AB - Human peripheral T-cell subpopulations revealed by monoclonal antibodies by means of a rosetting method were isolated by micromanipulation and submitted to electron microscopic analysis. The T3+ subset (total T cells) displayed a high degree of heterogeneity, including multiple transitional forms, from cells with a high nuclear to cytoplasmic ratio and rare organelles to cells with a low nuclear to cytoplasmic ratio and a complex system of cytoplasmic organelles. T4+ (inducer/helper) and T8+ (suppressor/cytotoxic) cell subpopulations were shown to have no evident distinguishing characteristics. They both displayed the same morphological variation mentioned for T3+ lymphocytes. On morphometric analysis, these two cell subsets were very similar, with only slight differences for cell surface roughness, volume of mitochondria, extent of nuclear indentation, and surface area of the rough endoplasmic reticulum. The significance of these minor morphological differences is discussed. PMID- 6230716 TI - Some public expenses in connection with occupational accidents. A follow-up study of an emergency department material. AB - An attempt has been made to calculate some of the public expenses arising from occupational accidents, by means of a follow-up study of an ad hoc emergency department investigation of 6 941 consecutive cases. Each accident has given rise, on average, to two visits to a physician, and to hospitalization for 1.1 days. During a one-year period, the expenses of sick benefits, hospital admissions, and medical treatment alone for the whole of Denmark amount to a minimum of 1.2 milliard 1982 Danish kroner, and at least 8 900 man-working-years have been lost. PMID- 6230717 TI - Medroxyprogesterone acetate as a contraceptive for female drug addicts. AB - A study of 69 female drug addicts is presented who have been given depomedroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) as a contraceptive for 1 680 woman-months. No pregnancies were reported during the treatment period with DMPA. After stopping treatment, 60 pregnancies with 43 births were recorded, 12 with low birth weight. In 3 cases pregnancy ended with spontaneous abortion, and in 14 cases legal abortion were performed. During the study, regular liver function tests revealed no hepatotoxic effects from DMPA in this group of patients where one would expect a high frequency of a serum hepatitis. Neither coagulation nor blood pressure were affected. The most frequent side effect was amenorrhoea, which seems to be accepted well in this group. Metrorrhagia is often a reason for withdrawing the drug. A very high frequency of venereal or other gynaecological infection is presumably the explanation for the very high number of atypical inflammation cells found at vaginal cytological examination. In the series, two cases of carcinoma in situ have been demonstrated by cervical biopsy. Both cases are possibly related to these women's early sexual activity, very promiscuous life and to the poor environment of the drug addict. PMID- 6230718 TI - [Treatment of stable angina pectoris: when to operate?]. AB - The decision whether to treat the patient with stable angina medically or surgically is influenced by factors which determine the natural course of coronary artery disease: severity of coronary narrowing, presence or absence of collaterals, area of myocardium at risk, left ventricular function, presence of ventricular arrhythmias, risk factors. In the present study diagnostic criteria are discussed which may enable the physician to identify the coronary patient who is especially at risk for myocardial infarction or sudden death. Our knowledge of the natural course of ischemic heart disease and the medical and surgical possibilities has identified two groups of patients who profit from coronary bypass surgery: (1) patients with angina pectoris refractory to medical therapy, and (2) patients with left main disease or triple vessel disease, particularly if left ventricular function is also mildly to moderately affected. Patients with one- or two-vessel disease should undergo surgery only if proximal coronary narrowing jeopardizes a large myocardial area. The possibilities and limitations of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty as an alternative to coronary bypass surgery are briefly discussed. PMID- 6230719 TI - [Echocardiography in coronary heart disease]. AB - Coronary heart disease can be detected via echocardiography, if myocardial ischemia or infarction are present leading to segmental abnormalities of left ventricular function. The capability to demonstrate these regional changes is limited as far as TM echocardiography is concerned, whereas 2D echocardiography is more reliable. For this purpose, cross-sectional imaging of all segments in several planes is necessary. The complex mosaic of findings obtained in this way is best documented by means of a segmental scheme of representative sections. Infarct size then can be estimated by a segmental score. Depressed wall motion and systolic wall thickening are used as criteria for ischaemia and infarction. In the chronic phase, morphological changes can be identified additionally: Thinning, expansion and increased reflectivity of the infarcted areas. In acute myocardial infarction, echocardiography is mainly used if the course is complicated, in the chronic phase, if ECG-changes are questionable, or to evaluate residual ventricular function after large infarcts. Even the TM echocardiogram reliably estimates the ventricular damage caused by the infarct in the chronic phase. PMID- 6230720 TI - Agent Orange study is like a chameleon. PMID- 6230721 TI - Fibrinolysis: an overview. PMID- 6230722 TI - The role of progestins in the treatment of breast cancer. AB - In unselected populations of women, the progestins medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) and megestrol acetate (MA) have produced response rates of 14% to 31% in metastatic breast cancer, sparking new investigative activity to define their proper role. One proposed mechanism of action for progestins is that they interfere with replenishment of the cytoplasmic estrogen receptor. Although not binding to estrogen receptors, progesterone has been shown to decrease the quantity of estrogen receptor in target tissue. Prediction of response of metastatic breast cancer to progestins largely follows the conventional rules established for the selection of additive hormonal therapy. Little difference is seen between appropriate doses of MPA and of MA in reports of prognostic factors associated with tumor response. The presence of hormone receptors in tumor tissue may be the most significant predictor for response to progestins. Tumors that contain both estrogen and progesterone receptors will respond to progestins in over 61% of instances, whereas those with only one type of hormone receptor will respond 20% to 30% of the time. Response to MPA or MA is probably independent of the presence of progesterone receptor. Response rates to MA of around 30% have been noted in patients who had previously responded to tamoxifen and then progressed. Previous exposure to chemotherapy does not appear to jeopardize chances for response to MA. A limited number of randomized trials of tamoxifen versus MA show no significant response difference between the two therapies in breast cancer patients with similar prognoses. PMID- 6230723 TI - Immunologic reconstitution after human marrow grafting. PMID- 6230724 TI - Public preferences for the care of dependency groups. AB - In the context of the continuing debate about how responsibility for the care of the disabled, chronically sick and elderly (collectively termed dependency groups) should be allocated as between the family and state and informal and formal caring agencies, this paper reports the basic findings of a survey of care preferences advocated by the public in three locations in Scotland, an urban metropolis, a large city and a small town in a rural setting. The results show that while there is little difference in preference patterns between the locations the public is discriminating in its support for care arrangements for patient/client groups with age-related physical and mental impairment. Overall, there is considerable support for a range of services termed community based professional care--day care centres, day hospitals and in respect of the elderly, sheltered housing. Residential care is less often preferred with the notable exception of senile dementia. Similarly, there is only limited support for informal care without professional involvement. The public, it seems, are not inclined to allocate the major responsibility for the care of dependency groups to the family and close kin preferring instead a continued policy of partnership between informal care systems and the welfare state in which the former does not replace the latter. PMID- 6230725 TI - Combined aortic and renal arterial reconstruction. AB - Vascular surgeons often suggest that combining renal arterial procedures with aortic replacement greatly increases morbidity and mortality. To evaluate this hypothesis we retrospectively reviewed 102 consecutive primary operations involving both renal arterial and aortic reconstruction. The patient population included 69 men and 33 women with an average age of 63 years. All aortic replacements were knitted Dacron grafts. One hundred twenty-eight renal arteries were revascularized with 104 vein or synthetic aortorenal bypass grafts, 12 arterial reimplantations, and three endarterectomies with vein patch. Thirty-five complications occurred in 24 patients with four hospital deaths. Postoperative hospitalization averaged less than 11 days. This study suggests that under optimal conditions renal arterial and aortic reconstructions can be combined without significantly increasing patient risk. PMID- 6230726 TI - [Adaptation mechanisms of myocardial performance and its alterations]. PMID- 6230727 TI - [New medical and surgical methods in the treatment of infarction (thrombolysis, transluminal angioplasty)]. PMID- 6230728 TI - [Participation of health personnel of the Don region in the revolutionary struggle]. PMID- 6230729 TI - [N. A. Semashko in Uzbekistan]. PMID- 6230730 TI - [I. D. Orakhelashvili, physician and Bolshevik]. PMID- 6230731 TI - [The 1st hospital in Khorezm]. PMID- 6230733 TI - [Norms for evaluating work loss associated with temporary disability]. PMID- 6230732 TI - [Method of estimating regional morbidity indicators]. PMID- 6230734 TI - [Ways of improving the effectiveness of the activities of the Central District Hospital]. PMID- 6230735 TI - [Preventive health services in an outpatient clinic]. PMID- 6230736 TI - [Improving the qualifications of public health administrators at local health centers]. PMID- 6230737 TI - [M.P. Mul'tanovskii - the prominent Soviet medical historian]. PMID- 6230738 TI - [Origins of medical geography in Georgia]. PMID- 6230739 TI - [Perspectives of the development and distribution of the network of therapeutic prophylactic institutions]. PMID- 6230740 TI - [Status and tasks for the development of gastroenterological care for the population of the RSFSR]. PMID- 6230741 TI - Fatigue response of lumbar intervertebral joints under axial cyclic loading. AB - A low-cycle fatigue of 11 lumbar intervertebral joints under axial compression is reported. The magnitude of the maximum compressive load ranged from 37 to 80% of the failure load. The maximum deformation, as a function of the number of cycles, showed two distinct results: one group showed a gradual, stable increase, and the other an abrupt, unstable increase. The before- and after-test radiographs showed a one-to-one correspondence between unstable specimens and generalized bony failure. The radiographs of 5-mm thick transverse endplate slices show crack propagation from the periphery of the subchondral bone inward. Removal of the organic matrix from the cracked specimens produced its physical disintegration into small particles, while normal controls and stable specimens retained their size and shape. PMID- 6230742 TI - The intensity of work recovery in low back pain. AB - The intensity of work recovery in LBP has been studied using the National Health Register. Nine hundred forty men, 40-47 years old, were selected randomly from the census register of the city of Goteborg, Sweden. Sickness absence data were obtained from the Health Register, in which all sickness absence from age 16 is recorded. The rate of return to work decreases as expected with an increase in absence period. Different rates were found for different diagnoses, however, with low return intensities in patients with sciatica compared with those with back pain, ie, return to work was slower in patients with sciatica. Men with manual work had a significantly longer average sickness absence than white-collar workers. The intensity of work recovery was lower in blue-collar workers during the first 20 days of absence, while the reverse was true after 20 days of sickness absence, ie, the white-collar workers who were absent more than 20 days had a slower rate of recovery than blue-collar workers who had been absent for 20 days. Data as presented here can be used to study the effect of intervention (for example, manual therapy) on the natural course of work recovery. It also can be used, as above, to study differences in sickness absence patterns between different diagnoses and work groups. PMID- 6230743 TI - Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty. The radiologist's contribution to the treatment of vascular disease. AB - Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty is a nonsurgical treatment for vascular disease. It is relatively safe and economical and may be an alternative, or an adjunct, to surgery, or may be helpful where no surgical alternative exists. Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty is applicable to nearly every system, except the carotid bifurcation plaque. PMID- 6230744 TI - A new technique of prolapse-free transverse colostomy. AB - With this technique, the colostomy loop emerges in the space between the linea alba and the right rectus muscle. These two tough structures act as gatekeepers and prevent prolapse of the intestine when there is a rise in the intra-abdominal pressure. The stoma is matured immediately. Small incisions and precision with the technique are essential in neonates. PMID- 6230746 TI - Differentiation of vascular prostheses in dogs with serial tests of in vivo platelet reactivity. AB - Three different vascular prostheses (standard weight knitted Dacron, double velour knitted Dacron, and expanded polytetrafluoroethylene) were implanted in the aortas of dogs, and serial determinations of platelet survival and platelet serotonin were monitored at 12-week intervals for 1 year. Prostheses were then removed and luminal coverage with endothelialized neointima and production of prostacyclin were measured. Changes in platelet survival were correlated with changes in platelet serotonin, and both measurements reflected in vivo platelet reactivity with the vascular prostheses. These changes were unique for each type of prosthesis and were dependent upon physical characteristics and the rate and degree of coverage of the prosthetic surface with endothelialized neointima that produced prostacyclin. Prostheses that reduced platelet survival and platelet serotonin the least as shown by serial evaluation were found at harvest to be the most completely paved with nonthrombogenic neointima. In dogs, these techniques allow differentiation of vascular prostheses and provide a useful animal model for their evaluation. PMID- 6230747 TI - [Working environment. Single notification of a presumed occupational disease]. PMID- 6230745 TI - Keratoconus and related noninflammatory corneal thinning disorders. AB - Keratoconus and other noninflammatory corneal thinning disorders (keratoglobus, pellucid marginal degeneration and posterior keratoconus) are characterized by progressive corneal thinning, protrusion and scarring; the result is distorted and decreased vision. The etiology and pathogenesis of these disorders are unknown but may be associated with a variety of factors, including contact lens wear, eye rubbing, Down's syndrome, atopic disease, connective tissue disease, tapetoretinal degeneration and inheritance. Recent advances in techniques for biochemical and pathological investigation are now allowing further exploration in these areas. Early diagnosis is aided by the finding of irregular corneal astigmatism with inferior corneal steepening. Treatment ranges from simple spectacle correction to keratoplasty. In this review, the past and present literature on corneal thinning disorders is reviewed and practical approaches to diagnosis and management are outlined. PMID- 6230748 TI - [PKA (Pension Fund Administration): contributions from the Pension Fund in shorter-lasting illness]. PMID- 6230749 TI - [Disabled persons pension from public and from pension funds]. PMID- 6230750 TI - Increased susceptibility to 6-aminonicotinamide-induced cleft lip of heterozygote Dancer mice. AB - Dancer heterozygotes (Dc/+) very rarely have cleft lip and show a dancing behaviour due to inner ear defects while homozygotes (Dc/Dc) have cleft lip. Males of the two genotypes Dc/+ and +/+ were mated to C3H strain and R stock females and Dc/+ males to Dc/+ females. On day 10/8 of gestation females were treated with 6-aminonicotinamide (6AN) at either 19 mg/kg or 28.5 mg/kg followed 3 h later by a protective dose of nicotinamide. Controls were untreated. Both 6AN treatments caused a significant increase in cleft lip to between 25% and 29% for crosses of Dc/+ males to C3H and R females whereas crosses with +/+ males gave 0% cleft lip. In the controls the cleft lip frequency was: for Dc/+ X Dc/+ 14%, Dc/+ X C3H 1.4%, and for the other three crosses 0%. The four crosses given the high dose of 6AN and the +/+ X C3H and Dc/+ X R cross at the low dose showed significantly increased resorption rates to between 23% and 47% over the control rates of from 5% to 11%. The presence of the Dc gene increased the susceptibility to cleft lip caused by 6AN. PMID- 6230751 TI - Pulmonary sarcoidosis: excess of helper T lymphocytes and T cell subset imbalance at sites of disease activity. AB - Different lymphocyte subpopulations have been evaluated in bronchoalveolar fluid and blood obtained from six patients with active and six with inactive pulmonary sarcoidosis and from six normal subjects by means of two recently described monoclonal antibodies, 5/9 and MLR4. The percentages of OKT4 positive (helper) and OKT8 positive (suppressor) T cells were also determined. Patients with active sarcoidosis had significantly higher proportions of 5/9 positive T cells in the bronchoalveolar fluid than patients with inactive disease (p less than 0.01) or normal subjects (p less than 0.001). In contrast, the proportions of 5/9 positive blood T cells were similar in the three groups studied. Patients with active sarcoidosis had also a greater proportion proportion of MLR4 positive T lymphocytes in bronchoalveolar fluid than patients with inactive disease or normal subjects (p less than 0.01 for each comparison), but similar proportions of MLR4 positive blood T cells were found in each group. The ratio of 5/9 positive to MLR4 positive T cells was higher in the bronchoalveolar fluid (but not in the blood) in patients with either active or inactive sarcoidosis than in normal subjects. These observations suggest that the MLR4 negative fraction rather than the MLR4 positive fraction of the 5/9 positive T cells is preferentially expanded in the lungs of patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis and may indicate a secondary role for the MLR4 positive T cells in producing lung injury in this disorder. Comparisons of the OKT4 positive and 5/9 positive T cells showed that in patients with active disease most of the lung T lymphocytes expressed both the OKT4 and the 5/9 surface antigens, so the 5/9 monoclonal antibody may be considered a good marker of activity in this disorder. Pulmonary sarcoidosis may be characterised by the preferential expansion of helper T cell subsets at sites of disease activity. PMID- 6230752 TI - Optical mapping of the thoracoabdominal wall. AB - An optical technique has been developed for mapping the size and shape of the thoracoabdominal wall and the change in its shape with breathing. A fixed pattern composed of stripes of light is projected on to both sides of the trunk. These stripes become distorted when viewed from in front and behind, forming contours over the trunk surface. The contours are photographed and then encoded digitally. The digital information can be used to compute automatically the volume of the trunk, the position of any point on its surface, and its cross sectional shape at any level. The technique has been tested on rigid objects (a globe, a cone, and two dummy torsos) that can be measured precisely. With this optical technique linear dimensions can be calculated to within 0.5 mm, cross sectional area to within 5%, and volume to within 1.6-3.7%. These results suggest that this non invasive technique measures the shape and volume of complex three dimensional surfaces with sufficient accuracy to be tried in clinical practice. PMID- 6230753 TI - [Mercury erythema. An ever-present pathology]. PMID- 6230754 TI - [Recurrent erythema multiforme following successive treatments with tetracyclines. Apropos of a case]. PMID- 6230756 TI - [The occurrence of mammary tumors in bitches following treatment with Delvosteron injection or Perlutex injection for the prevention of estrus, compared to 2 control groups]. PMID- 6230755 TI - Platelet activation caused by cardiac catheter blood collection, and its prevention. AB - The study of platelet changes occurring across the coronary circulation is important in the investigation of the platelet's role in ischemic heart disease. It requires blood sampling through cardiac catheters. This could activate platelets and alter the results of tests of platelet activation and reactivity. This study was designed to examine this problem and to devise satisfactory methods for obtaining blood for platelet studies through long catheters. Blood collected through catheters introduced with a guide-wire had a much higher plasma heparin neutralising activity (HNA), platelet factor 4(PF4) and beta thromboglobulin (beta TG) than peripheral venous blood, and lower platelet count(PC). Blood collected through catheters introduced via a sheath, and kept filled with anticoagulant/antiplatelet solution until blood sampling, gave results similar to peripheral venous blood for the PC, platelet aggregate ratio, platelet fluorescent granule count, and for plasma HNA, PF4 and beta TG. It is concluded that platelets are activated during blood collection through cardiac catheters; however, with appropriate precautions, blood which is satisfactory for platelet studies can be obtained. PMID- 6230758 TI - [The parental origin of the extra chromosome 21 in Down's syndrome]. AB - The parental origin of the extra chromosome 21 and the meiotic failure involved were traced in 100 patients with Down syndrome and the relation with parental age was studied. In 20% of the cases the extra chromosome appeared to be of paternal origin (half of which caused by a nondisjunction at meiosis I, the remaining at meiosis II). In 80% the extra chromosome was of maternal origin (two thirds caused by a nondisjunction at meiosis I, one third at meiosis II). A significant increase of maternal age was only found in mothers who had the nondisjunction at meiosis II. In contrast, in fathers who experienced the nondisjunction at meiosis II the mean age appeared to be low. The possible causes of these phenomena are discussed. PMID- 6230757 TI - [Chyloperitoneum in newborn infants]. AB - The authors describe a newborn, in which a diagnosis of ascites was made before birth by ultrasound. Ascites without other signs of hydrops may be caused by meconium-peritonitis, perforation of the bile ducts, disorders of the portal or systemic circulation, flow disturbances in the lymphatic vessels, urinary obstruction or a ruptured ovarian cyst. In this case there was a chylous ascites in a child with Down's syndrome. Diagnosis, pathogenesis and treatment are discussed. With conservative treatment the child was free of symptoms at the age of 6 months. PMID- 6230759 TI - Studies on the antigenicity of glucagon. AB - In order to test the safety of glucagon (GG), the immunogenicity of GG was studied in rabbits and guinea pigs. Any sensitization, as revealed by anaphylactic shock, Arthus reaction, passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) or radioimmunoassay, was not demonstrated in animals immunized with GG alone. The anti-GG antibodies were detected by PCA and radioimmunoassay in two of the five animals immunized with GG mixed with Freund's complete adjuvant. Anti-GG IgE antibody production in mice was found in one of the ten mice given 570 micrograms and three of the six mice given 1,000 micrograms of GG with aluminum hydroxide gel (Alum), but other doses of GG with Alum produced no IgE antibody. These results indicate that the antigenicity of GG is very weak. PMID- 6230760 TI - Suppression of zymosan-induced chemiluminescence of whole blood by conjugates composed of drug, guinea pig skin extracts and sera from patients with suspicious drug eruptions. AB - Conjugates composed of drug, guinea pig skin soluble fraction, and sera from 50 patients with various types of drug eruptions were prepared by the incubation of these mixtures for 60 min at 37 degrees C. And the effects of conjugates on zymosan-induced chemiluminescence (ZI-CL) in whole blood were examined. The conjugates obtained from 32 cases significantly suppressed ZI-CL of whole blood. The mean value of peak intensities of CL in the presence of their conjugates showed 62% of those after the pretreatment of mixtures consisting of drug, soluble fraction and sera from healthy donors. In the systems of non-opsonized and opsonized zymosan-induced CL of leukocyte-erythrocyte sediment, similar inhibitory effects were obtained in both systems in the presence of conjugates, but the time course of CL response was slower in the system with non-opsonized zymosan. In other experiments with the use of immune complexes, which were formed by human albumin and antihuman albumin goat serum in vitro, soluble immune complexes suppressed ZI-Cl of whole blood. These results suggest that immune complexes may be formed during incubation of conjugates and block the receptors on the surfaces of granulocytes, resulting in the suppression of ZI-CL. PMID- 6230761 TI - [Experience in isolating microbes of the genus Yersinia from environmental objects using several nutrient media]. PMID- 6230762 TI - [Leptospira infection in Leningrad]. PMID- 6230763 TI - [Leptospirosis in Vologda Province]. PMID- 6230764 TI - [Leptospirosis in Arkhangelsk]. PMID- 6230765 TI - [Combined foci of zooanthroponoses in the territory of Pskov Province]. PMID- 6230767 TI - [Stability and activity of natural foci of tularemia in Leningrad Province]. PMID- 6230766 TI - [Epizootiological characteristics of tularemia in the northwestern USSR]. PMID- 6230768 TI - [Natural tularemia focus in the northwestern part of the Leningrad environs and the prediction of epizootics among small mammals]. PMID- 6230769 TI - [Marsh-swamp foci of tularemia in Novgorod Province]. PMID- 6230770 TI - [Epidemiologic features of ornithosis in Leningrad]. PMID- 6230772 TI - [Zooanthroponotic infections in the Northwest (I. Leptospirosis, Q rickettsiosis, pseudotuberculosis and tularemia)]. PMID- 6230771 TI - [Zooanthroponotic infections on the animal-breeding farm complexes of the northwest region]. PMID- 6230773 TI - [Status of research on the Komi ASSR region for infections of natural foci in the wild]. PMID- 6230774 TI - [Outbreak of Q fever among persons not occupationally connected with the source of the infection]. PMID- 6230775 TI - [Clinico-epidemiological parallels in Q fever]. PMID- 6230776 TI - [Yersiniasis in Leningrad]. PMID- 6230777 TI - [Epidemiology of pseudotuberculosis in Leningrad]. PMID- 6230778 TI - Study of platelet activation in migraine: control by low doses of aspirin. AB - Although platelet activation is known to occur during migraine attacks, the cause effect relationship remains to be determined. This problem was approached by studying the possible occurrence of platelet activation in vivo in headache-free periods of subjects affected by common or classic migraine and, subsequently, by verifying the possibility of its pharmacological control through administration of a classic anti-aggregation drug such as aspirin (ASA). The plasma levels of beta-thromboglobulin (beta-TG) and platelet factor 4 (PF4), indices of the occurrence of platelet activation in vivo, were therefore first assayed in both groups of migraine sufferers in the absence of therapy and then during the administration of aspirin (50 mg/daily). In the group of 15 patients affected by classic migraine, basal plasma levels of beta-TG and PF4 were significantly higher than control subjects. On the other hand, only beta-TG plasma levels were significantly higher in the group of 18 patients affected by common migraine. Patients suffering from classic migraine showed a high incidence of platelet activation (greater than 90%) in comparison with common migraine patients (approximately 33%). This suggests that platelet activation occurs in vivo in migrainous patients also during headache-free periods. Administration of aspirin to the patients affected by common and classic migraine caused a decrease in plasma beta-TG and PF4 concentration. Consequently, pharmacological treatment with aspirin in adequate dose may prove to be helpful in diminishing the vascular side-effects known to occur in migraine sufferers. PMID- 6230779 TI - The patient with transient ischemic attacks--is this the time for a new therapeutic approach? AB - Current and future improvements in treatment to prevent cerebral infarction among patients with transient ischemic attacks may reduce neurological morbidity but may not lead to a proportional improvement in life expectancy. Because the long term primary cause of death in these patients is myocardial infarction, it is most likely that the most important way to prolong survival may be the vigorous investigation of their cardiac status and the treatment of their coronary artery disease, even if asymptomatic. PMID- 6230780 TI - Immunogenetic basis of acquired transplantation tolerance. PMID- 6230781 TI - Alterations in T lymphocyte subpopulations associated with renal allograft rejection. AB - The peripheral blood OKT3 (total T), OKT4 (T helper/inducer), and OKT8 (T suppressor/cytotoxic) cells were determined by flow cytometry on twenty consecutive recipients of HLA-nonidentical cadaveric renal allografts. The absolute number of cells in all three populations decreased significantly posttransplantation, but no differences were found between patients experiencing rejection and those in quiescence. An OKT4/OKT8 ratio of greater than or equal to 1.7, either pretransplant or posttransplant, uniformly identified patients who subsequently experienced rejection. However, an OKT4/OKT8 ratio of less than 1.7 did not identify patients with a low risk of rejection. Pretransplant splenectomy was performed in 6 of 7 patients who rejected despite a low ratio. Serial monitoring of the OKT4/OKT8 ratio posttransplantation determined that an increase in the ratio of greater than or equal to 0.5 was a sensitive (81%) and specific (91%) indicator of a rejection episode. Graft survival was improved in patients with a high posttransplant OKT4/OKT8 ratio. These results indicate that the balance of helper and suppressor cell function may be of critical importance to the fate of an allograft, and that the alterations in this balance can be used to assist in the clinical management of allograft recipients. PMID- 6230782 TI - Unidirectional thyroid graft rejection between B10.S and B10.S(7R) mouse strains. AB - Reciprocal transplantation of D-region-histoincompatible thyroid grafts between mice of the B10.S and B10.S(7R) strains resulted in acceptance of all B10.S thyroid grafts by B10.S(7R) recipient mice and acute rejection of 93% of the thyroid grafts in the opposite direction. Evidence of expression of D region gene products on the surface of cells of B10.S thyroid grafts was supported by acute second-set rejection of B10.S thyroid grafts by B10.S(7R) recipients preimmunized with a B10.S skin graft. In vitro analysis of reciprocal immune responses between B10.S and B10.S(7R) mice demonstrated that the unidirectional thyroid graft rejection correlates with a relatively high frequency of cytotoxic T lymphocyte precursors (CTL-P). The frequency of B10.S splenic CTL-P reactive with B10.S(7R) (1/1131) was similar to that against the entire H-2 difference (i.e., B10.S anti B10.BR, 1/776). However, B10.S anti-B10.S(7R) CTL-P frequency was about 5-fold higher than the reciprocal CTL-P frequency of B10.S(7R) anti-B10.S. The correlation between the high CTL-P frequency and the ability to reject thyroid grafts, as well as possible causes for the difference in the reciprocal CTL-P frequencies are discussed. PMID- 6230783 TI - The graft-versus-host reaction and immune function. I. T helper cell immunodeficiency associated with graft-versus-host-induced thymic epithelial cell damage. AB - The injection of parental A strain lymphoid cells into adrenalectomized CBAxA F1 (BAF1) mice induced a chronic graft-versus-host (GVH) reaction resulting in T cell and B cell immunosuppression as well as thymic epithelial cell injury, but not stress-related thymic involution. Thymocytes from BAF1 mice undergoing a GVH reaction were studied for their ability to reconstitute T helper cell (TH) function and phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and concanavalin A (Con A) mitogen responses in thymectomized, irradiated, BAF1 mice reconstituted with normal syngeneic bone marrow (ATxBM). Thymocytes from BAF1 mice early after the induction of a GVH reaction (days 10-12) were as effective as normal thymocytes in reconstituting TH and mitogen responses. Thymocytes from BAF1 mice 40 or more days after the induction of a GVH reaction did not reconstitute either the TH function or PHA and Con A responses in ATxBM mice. The inability to reconstitute ATxBM mice was not due to the presence of suppressor cells contained in the thymocyte inoculum. It is proposed that GVH-induced thymic epithelial cell injury blocks or arrests normal T cell differentiation, resulting in a population of thymocytes that lack the potential to become competent T helper cells or mitogen responsive cells when transferred into ATxBM mice. This thymic functional defect results in a permanent TH immunodeficiency in mice experiencing a chronic GVH reaction. PMID- 6230784 TI - BALB.D2-Mlsa--a new congenic mouse strain. PMID- 6230785 TI - Vasculitis in children with acute urticaria. PMID- 6230786 TI - [The value of 99mTc-plasmin scanning in deep venous thrombosis]. PMID- 6230787 TI - Assessment of follicular development in clomiphene induced cycles by means of ultrasound and laparoscopy: a comparative study. AB - Fifty clomiphene/H.C.G. stimulated patients undergoing laparoscopy as part of their infertility work up consented to participate in a study on: the reproducibility of ultrasonic measurement of follicular size as expressed by the inter and intra observer variation; the accuracy of ultrasonic assessment of location, number and size of follicles and the growth rate of the Graafian follicle during the last 12 hr prior to oocyte collection. The inter and intra observer variation was moderate to good. Correct diagnosis of the dominant follicle was made in 73%, of the number of follicles in 72% and of follicular size (difference in size between ultrasound and laparoscopy less than 2 mm) in 48% of the material studied. There was a rather wide range in follicular growth rate values during the last 10-17 hr prior to laparoscopy. PMID- 6230788 TI - Photoradiation therapy. PMID- 6230789 TI - [Preventive services in phoniatry and their social and economic effectiveness]. PMID- 6230790 TI - [Value of liquid crystal thermography in the diagnosis of acute lactation mastitis]. AB - The observations were performed in 83 patients. It was shown that liquid crystal thermography allowed timely diagnosis of acute mastitis, its form, spread of the process, appearance of a recurrent destructive process in the gland. PMID- 6230792 TI - In vitro effects of hymenoxon on phosphofructokinase. PMID- 6230791 TI - [Toxinogenic vomitoxin-producing fusaria isolated from wheat]. AB - Out of the 25 strains of the genus Fusarium isolated from wheat visibly infested by moulds, three strains of F. graminearum were found to produce vomitoxin and zearalenone; the respective amounts of these toxins per 1 kg of wheat were 70, 100 and 600 mg vomitoxin, and 600, 400 and 250 mg zearalenone. The production of vomitoxin showed a marked decrease when the cultures were re-inoculated. An analytic determination of vomitoxin in cereals was worked out by the method of high-pressure liquid chromatography with a limit sensitivity of 20 micrograms vomitoxin per kg and by the method of thin-layer chromatography with a limit sensitivity of 100 micrograms vomitoxin per kg. The embryotoxicity of vomitoxin measured in chick embryos incubated for 40 hours was in the order of 1 microgram per embryo. PMID- 6230793 TI - [Graduates of the Military Medicine Academy during the siege of Leningrad (on its 40th anniversary)]. PMID- 6230794 TI - [Comparative evaluation of the efficacy of electrophoresis of heparin and heparin combined with fibrinolysin in protracted pneumonias]. PMID- 6230795 TI - [Effect of health resort-climate therapy in the humid subtropics on the function of the cardiorespiratory system in patients with post-infarct cardiosclerosis]. PMID- 6230796 TI - [Modified method of prescribing Matsesta baths and its role in preventing negative physical reactions]. PMID- 6230797 TI - [Organization of the active detection of pretumorous and tumorous diseases of the stomach using primary automated screening and fiber gastroscopy]. AB - The report discusses a computerized system of early detection of gastrointestinal diseases and risk group formation using special formalized questionnaires to be filled by industrial enterprise personnel. Endoscopic examination of 1,240 followed-up patients detected stomach cancer in 32 cases, gastric and duodenal ulcer--195, gastric polyps--37 and various forms of gastritis--in 766 cases. As a result of a computerized processing of the questionnaire-based data, 1,084 subjects were referred to group I. An endoscopic examination of this group carried out at a plant's medical station identified stomach cancer in 13 cases, gastric and duodenal ulcer--110, gastric polyp--46 and various forms of gastritis -in 803 cases. PMID- 6230798 TI - [Cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis]. PMID- 6230799 TI - [Cellular and humoral immunity in erysipelatous inflammation]. PMID- 6230800 TI - [Pathogenic properties of the LEIV23 Astrakhan strain of Batai virus for primates]. AB - Pathogenic properties of Batai virus, LEIV23 Astrakhan strain, isolated from Aedes vexans mosquitoes in Astrakhan region were studied comparatively. The degree of susceptibility to the virus of green monkeys and rodents (white mice, Syrian hamsters), and the pattern of lesions produced by the virus in organs of these animals were established. The virus was shown to have a comparatively wide host range affecting phylogenetically far distant animals. Monkeys were found to have virus-carrier state for 50 days (the observation period). The virus is pantropic. Apparently mammals may be virus hosts in nature, but human infection cannot be ruled out. This requires further study in an epidemiological experiment. PMID- 6230801 TI - [Use of systemic retinoids in dermatology]. AB - The naturally occurring retinoids (vitamin A alcohol = retinol and all-trans retinoic acid) have been largely replaced by synthetic retinoids in recent years as systemic drugs for use in dermatology. At the present time, two synthetic retinoids are commercially available: etretinate (Tigason) and isotretinoin (Accutane). These compounds-which have a more favourable therapeutic index than the naturally occurring retinoids-ushered in a new era of dermatological therapy by their potent antikeratinizing, antiseborrhoeic (only isotretinoin) and antineoplastic action. The broadest indications for the use of these retinoids are psoriasis (etretinate) and cystic acne (isotretinoin), whereas the most dramatic effects are encountered in a number of severe ichthyosiform disorders. Another important, although at present not clearly defined role of the retinoids is in the prophylaxis of skin tumours. PMID- 6230802 TI - Arterial surgery in Scandinavia. PMID- 6230803 TI - [Side effects of dermatologic local therapy]. AB - After application of dermatics systemic as well as topical side effects are to be expected, the latter also by usage of remedies and cosmetics. Even though life threatening or lethal complications caused by potent substances like mercury compounds, phenols, salicylic acid, boric acid and others seldom have been observed, it is necessary to prevent them completely. Most frequent are allergic contact eczemas, but occasionally also toxic irritations of the skin can be registered. The side effects discussed, especially those caused by steroids and antibiotics, demand strong criteria for indication, scientific mode of administration and intensification of the topical efforts for standardization of dermatological treatment. PMID- 6230804 TI - A conformational transition of the sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium transport ATPase induced by vanadate. AB - Vanadate binding to sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles results in the loss of the externally located high affinity calcium binding sites of the calcium transport ATPase. Conversely the occupation by calcium of the internally located low affinity sites in the vanadate enzyme complex leads to the release of vanadate. Since the total number of calcium binding sites is not diminished by vanadate binding but slightly increases we conclude that vanadate binding induces a transition of the enzymes external high to internal low affinity calcium binding sites. The transposition of external to internal calcium binding sites is accompanied by a definite change in the structure of the sarcoplasmic reticulum membranes. On vanadate binding the asymmetrically arranged electron dense protein particles become symmetrically distributed. PMID- 6230805 TI - Isolation and fast purification of neocarzinostatin by FPLC-ion exchange chromatography. AB - Neocarzinostatin, a highly toxic antitumor protein containing an essential nonprotein chromophore, can be isolated and purified from culture filtrates of Streptomyces carcinostaticus. Usually a lengthy procedure of up to 60 h is necessary for the isolation, including several chromatographic steps partly under conditions which favour inactivation of the drug by release of chromophore. We describe a new method yielding practically clinical grade Neocarzinostatin from crude extracts in 20 min. This very fast and reproducible method was made possible by using a Mono Q anion exchange column filled with monodisperse gel material which has been recently developed. PMID- 6230806 TI - [Intraoperative transluminal angioplasty in subclavian steal syndrome, an alternative to vascular surgery?]. PMID- 6230807 TI - [Experience in the prevention of dermatoses in coal mines]. PMID- 6230808 TI - [Allergic reaction to tavegyl]. PMID- 6230809 TI - [Use of trichopol to treat acne rosacea]. PMID- 6230810 TI - [60th anniversary of the Department of Skin and Venereal Diseases of the Minsk Medical Institute]. PMID- 6230811 TI - [New data on the mechanism of decreased immune response in patients with syphilis]. PMID- 6230812 TI - [Epidemiology of trichophytosis caused by Trichophyton mentagrophytes var. gypseum]. PMID- 6230813 TI - [Characteristics of present-day psoriasis]. PMID- 6230814 TI - [Erythrokeratodermia figurata variabilis]. PMID- 6230815 TI - [Toxicodermia complicated by disseminated intravascular coagulation syndrome]. PMID- 6230816 TI - [The handicapped patient]. PMID- 6230817 TI - [The handicapped and humanity]. PMID- 6230818 TI - [Preparing handicapped children and adolescents for dental treatment]. PMID- 6230819 TI - [Eating disorders and eating therapy in handicapped children]. PMID- 6230820 TI - [Dental care in institutions for the handicapped - limits of oral hygiene]. PMID- 6230821 TI - [Anesthesiological viewpoints in the ambulatory dental care of mentally handicapped children]. PMID- 6230822 TI - [The Lower Saxonian dentist as pioneer]. PMID- 6230823 TI - [Intraligamental anesthesia for tooth extraction in patients with hemorrhagic diathesis]. PMID- 6230824 TI - Characterization of anaerobic fusiform-shaped bacteria isolated from a mouse cecum with API ZYM. PMID- 6230825 TI - [Precious metal-ceramics on nonprecious metal frameworks. The Kuwata layer technic on nonprecious metal alloys]. PMID- 6230826 TI - [Albabond U, a gold-palladium alloy]. PMID- 6230827 TI - [Pretreatment of oral functional disorders using the Shore splint]. PMID- 6230828 TI - [Onlay restorations in metalloceramics as a synthesis of function and esthetics]. PMID- 6230829 TI - [PTC system: a means for professional development in the laboratory]. PMID- 6230830 TI - [Speech and phonetics]. PMID- 6230831 TI - [Methods in phonetics and their use in removable complete dentures]. PMID- 6230832 TI - [New precision working model with provable accuracy of fit]. PMID- 6230833 TI - [The profession of dental technology]. PMID- 6230834 TI - [Phonetic comparison of different anterior prosthetic mountings in a completely edentulous patient]. PMID- 6230835 TI - [Effect of heavy metal interactions on the growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae]. AB - The influence of interactions of cadmium, zinc, lead, and mercury on the growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been studied. Generally the experiments resulted in the following findings: Low zinc concentrations reduce the toxicity of cadmium while high zinc concentrations intensify the effects of cadmium. Zinc does not decrease the growth inhibition by mercury. The actions of cadmium and mercury are not changed by lead, but 5 X 10(-4) M lead prevent completely the increase of the growth intensity caused by zinc. Combinations of toxic concentrations of cadmium and mercury show a synergistic lengthening of the lag period, but their cumulative influence on the growth rate is lower than the sum of the corresponding inhibition effects. PMID- 6230837 TI - [Basic results of 60 years' research at the Pasteur Leningrad Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology on acute intestinal infections (1923-1983)]. PMID- 6230836 TI - [Are suppressor T-cells the primary target cells of lead immunotoxicity?]. AB - Studies were performed to investigate the effect of chronic low level lead exposure on the regulatory functions of T cells in the humoral immune response to sheep red blood cells (SRBC) in mice. Female mice were exposed to lead (as lead acetate) in the diet at 545 (group 1) and 2180 ppm (group 2) for 10 weeks. Lead exposure resulting in blood lead levels (PbB) of about 50 micrograms/100 g (group 1) produced a substantial increase of the number of IgG antibodies secreting spleen cells on days 3 and 4 after challenge. At the higher exposure level (group 2; PbB 60-80 micrograms/100 g) a suppression of the number of IgG plaque forming cells was observed. The IgM response was much smaller than the IgG response. Although differences between the group means were small, the results indicate that there also is an enhancement of the IgM response in the lower dosage group on days 3 and 4. In a second experiment the effect of in vivo lead exposure on antigenic competition was examined. Lead substantially reduced the effect of antigenic competition. Results of both experiments suggest that suppressor T cells rather than helper T cells may represent the primary target for lead. Throughout this study serum complement C3 levels were determined. Complement C3 levels tended to be reduced in the lead exposed groups before as well as after inocculation with SRBC. PMID- 6230838 TI - [Antibiotic sensitivity of Streptococcus pneumoniae strains isolated from the bronchial contents of patients with inflammatory lung diseases]. AB - The study of the sensitivity of 2681 pneumococcal strains to antibiotics, carried out in 1976-1982, demonstrated that most of these strains circulating in Leningrad were sensitive to penicillin, levomycetin, erythromycin and oleandomycin. Penicillin-resistant pneumococcal strains were found to appear in 1980 and later showed a definite increase in number, reaching 4.4% of all strains in 1982. Simultaneously the appearance of levomycetin- and erythromycin-resistant strains and the increase of their relative significance were established. Most of the pneumococcal strains isolated in Leningrad were not sensitive to monomycin, streptomycin and tetracyclin. PMID- 6230839 TI - [T-suppressors in experimental adjuvant arthritis and immunosuppression]. AB - The functional activity of T-suppressors in experimental adjuvant arthritis in CBA and C57BL/6 mice, as well as after the injection of an immunosuppressive agent, has been studied. The successful development of experimental arthritis has been shown to occur simultaneously with essential disturbances (a decrease) in the function of T-suppressors. The injection of batriden, an immunosuppressive agent, into mice at the moment when adjuvant arthritis is induced in the animals leads to an even greater suppression of the function of T-suppressors. The degree to which this function is suppressed in experimental adjuvant arthritis depends on the genotype of mice. PMID- 6230840 TI - [Effectiveness of remantadine in outpatients during a period of epidemic outbreaks of influenza A and B]. AB - Extensive clinical data demonstrate that the use of remantadine for the treatment of ambulant influenza patients during the epidemic of influenza, types A and B, proved to be effective, which was manifested by an essential increase in the number of complications, mainly in the respiratory organs, and by a reduced length of the disease. The positive result of the curative action of remantadine is believed to be connected with the simultaneous wide circulation of type A (H1N1) and (H3N2) influenza viruses. PMID- 6230841 TI - [Bekhterev's "choreic epilepsy" and myoclonus epilepsy]. PMID- 6230842 TI - [Importance of intensive kinesitherapy in the prevention of massive bone loss in bedridden injured patients]. PMID- 6230843 TI - [E.J. Marey, inventive recorder of physiological phenomena]. PMID- 6230844 TI - [Current clinical possibilities of gait measurements, application to amputees]. PMID- 6230845 TI - [Kinesiologic electromyography of the locomoter muscles during level walking]. PMID- 6230846 TI - [Diagnostic and therapeutic significance of electronic podometry in the rehabilitation of painful feet and the locomotor apparatus]. PMID- 6230847 TI - [Marey and cardiology]. PMID- 6230848 TI - [Etienne-Jules Marey]. PMID- 6230849 TI - Mechanism of functional residual capacity increase in haemorrhagic shock. AB - Shock was elicited in anaesthetized dogs by maintaining a haemorrhagic hypotension of 4 kPa until 30 per cent spontaneous refusion, followed by total reinfusion. Functional residual capacity (FRC) and minute ventilation increased considerably similarly to our previous experiments. Lactate content in both the external intercostal and the biceps femoris muscles increased significantly in advanced shock. The expiratory external abdominal oblique muscle showed electromyographic signs of fatigue. At the height of the FRC changes tonic contraction of the external intercostal muscle could be demonstrated electron microscopically. This tonic contraction is the main factor in the large FRC rise in late shock forming the basis of a hitherto unknown vicious circle. PMID- 6230850 TI - Glibenclamide is exceptional among hypoglycaemic sulphonylureas in accumulating progressively in beta-cell-rich pancreatic islets. AB - Six hypoglycaemic sulphonylurea compounds were compared with regard to their ability to bind to beta-cell-rich pancreatic islets microdissected from ob/ob mice. Glibenclamide differed from carbutamide, tolbutamide, chlorpropamide, glibornuride and glipizide in not being rapidly bound to an equilibrium, but accumulating progressively in amounts far exceeding the water space. An inhibitor of the anion channels in the beta-cell membrane, 4-acetamido-4'-isothiocyanate stilbene-2,2'-disulphonic acid (SITS), suppressed the islet uptake of glibenclamide and to some extent also that of carbutamide and glibornuride. The unusual uptake characteristics of glibenclamide had their counterpart in a retardation of its maximal action in promoting the entry of Ca2+ into the beta cells. PMID- 6230852 TI - The imperatives of surgery in the perspectives of an I.V.F. PMID- 6230851 TI - Laparoscopy procedures to promote fertility ovariolysis and salpingolysis. Results of 93 selected cases. AB - In 93 selected infertile patients removal of periadnexal adhesions was attempted by laparoscopic procedure. Adhesiolysis was assessed according to Palmer's classification reviewed in Madrid (July 1980). Success was defined in terms of pregnancies, therefore patients with tubal obstruction were excluded. The rate of intra-uterine pregnancies was high (51,6%) and appeared to correlate with the quality of adhesiolysis. The present data strongly suggest that laparoscopic procedures represent a satisfactory method of adhesiolysis and emphasize the critical importance of case selection. PMID- 6230853 TI - Early diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy. A review of 328 cases of a five-year period. AB - An analysis was made of the records of 328 cases of ectopic pregnancy seen during a 5-year period (1975-79) with respect to history, clinical features, diagnostic tools and surgical procedures. Special attention was paid to the methods used to obtain an early diagnosis. The best methods in this respect were found to be laparoscopy and determination of serum chorionic gonadotropin. Ultrasonography was performed in too few cases to permit an evaluation of the sensitivity of the method. However, 25% of the cases presented with a gestational time of 6 weeks or less, a period during which ultrasound is known to be uncertain in the diagnosis of pregnancy, and only 33% of the cases with a time of 9 weeks or more when ultrasound is considered to be highly reliable for this diagnosis. PMID- 6230854 TI - Physiotherapeutic aspects of urine incontinence. AB - Women suffering from urinary incontinence often lose proper control of their abdominal and pelvic floor muscles. A comprehensive program for differential diagnosis and therapy was therefore devised and tested. Briefing of patients on functional anatomy, application of a pulsating electric current, and exercises in respiration and mobility for the activation of pelvic floor muscles are major therapy elements. Groups of up to 30 start off by exchanging experiences of complaints, followed by exercises coached by an experienced physiotherapist. Beginners and advanced patients are grouped together and separated only for electrotherapy. Some 4-6 weeks are required for treatment (four sessions weekly and 2 hours of attendance daily). Continence was restored by such treatment in 23 of 82 patients (28%), and 38 (46%) improved greatly. Best results were obtained from I. - II. cases. Integration of physiotherapy with multistep therapy for urinary incontinence is described. PMID- 6230855 TI - Laparoscopy in female infertility. Diagnosis and prognosis for subsequent pregnancy. AB - Laparoscopy for the investigation of infertility was performed in 433 women. The rate of pathologic findings was 70%. No fewer than 55% of patients with no history of gynecologic disease and normal hysterosalpingography (HSG) were found to have pathologic findings. When comparing the patency of the Fallopian tubes at HSG and laparoscopy the overall agreement was 71%. Sixty-eight of the patents with no other cause for infertility had the abdominal tubal ostia catheterized at laparoscopy. In 20 of these, small adhesions that could interfere with ovum pick up were found and divided. The pregnancy rate in this group was 70%, which is significantly higher than the pregnancy rate of 44% in 59 otherwise normal patients who did not have their tubes catheterized. The subsequent pregnancy rate for patients with different findings at laparoscopy is described. The role of HSG compared with laparoscopy is discussed. It is concluded that laparoscopy should be performed in all patients of female infertility, with the exception of those who have bilateral hydrosalpinges without patency on HSG. These patients are offered laparotomy for salpingostomy without laparoscopy. The catherterization of the Fallopian tubes at laparoscopy is a new method to find an easily treatable cause of infertility. PMID- 6230856 TI - Avascular necrosis associated with nailing of femoral neck fracture. Two cases examined pre- and postoperatively by tetracycline and radionuclide tracer techniques. AB - Two patients with femoral neck fractures, one displaced and one undisplaced, are presented. Preoperative intravital staining with tetracycline and Tc-MDP scintimetry both showed intact femoral head circulation while Tc-MDP-scintimetry 1 week after operation showed pronounced circulatory deficiency. Sr85-scintimetry performed at the same time was inconclusive. Segmental collapse was observed radiographically, 8 and 12 months postoperatively. The major vascular injury resulting in avascularity most probably occurred during the procedure of osteosynthesis, and Tc-MDP-scintimetry was found suitable for early postoperative recognition of avascular necrosis in both fractures. PMID- 6230857 TI - Occupational hazards of acrylate bone cement in orthopaedic surgery. PMID- 6230858 TI - Emission tomography in femoral neck fracture for evaluation of avascular necrosis. AB - Two cases of operated femoral neck fractures are presented, in whom an intact femoral head isotope uptake was found with conventional Tc-MDP scintimetry. In both patients, emission tomography using the rotating slant-hole technique was diagnostic. PMID- 6230859 TI - [Social and medical characteristics of children 5 to 12 treated in an institution for psychiatric disorders. Epidemiologic study]. PMID- 6230860 TI - [A non-linear method and its program for calculating pharmacokinetic parameters]. PMID- 6230861 TI - [Effect of anisodine and other cholinergic drugs on learning and memory in spatial discrimination of mice]. PMID- 6230862 TI - [Effect of soman, sarin and VX on specific binding of 3H-quinuclidinyl benzilate in rat cerebral cortex homogenates]. PMID- 6230863 TI - [Reaction specificity of soman binding sites]. PMID- 6230864 TI - [Effect of microinjection of kainic acid into nucleus raphe dorsalis on electro acupuncture, morphine and stress analgesia]. PMID- 6230865 TI - Comparative epileptogenic properties of cefazolin and benzylpenicillin after intracaudate microinjection in rats. PMID- 6230866 TI - [Pharmacokinetics and disposition of 3H-dimethyl-dl-curine dimethochloride in rats and mice]. PMID- 6230867 TI - [Disposition of 14C-cycleanine dimethoiodide in rats]. PMID- 6230868 TI - [Anti-arrhythmic effects of sodium selenite]. PMID- 6230869 TI - [Effects of intravenous infusion of changrolin on cardiac function of patients with arrhythmia]. PMID- 6230870 TI - [Combined effect of hydrochlorothiazide and atenolol in antihypertensive therapy of 42 patients]. PMID- 6230871 TI - [Effects of tetrandrine on action potential and contraction of isolated guinea pig papillary muscle]. PMID- 6230872 TI - [Pharmacokinetics of fluorocarbon blood substitute]. PMID- 6230873 TI - [Identifiability of nonlinear compartmental models for plasma protein binding of sulfa drugs]. PMID- 6230874 TI - [7 antimalarials in the treatment of mice experimentally infected with pyronaridine-resistant Plasmodium berghei]. PMID- 6230875 TI - [Magnetic microspherical carrier--a new dosage form of fluorouracil as an anticancer agent]. PMID- 6230876 TI - [Structure-activity relationship of hexamethylmelamine derivatives]. PMID- 6230877 TI - [Distribution of 113mIn-quinamic acid in normal and tumor-bearing mice]. PMID- 6230878 TI - [Relationship between diethyl lipoamide (DELA) induced tissue hypoxia and radiation-protective effect in mice]. PMID- 6230879 TI - Circulating immune complexes and peripheral B lymphocytes in non insulin dependent diabetic patients. AB - Serum circulating immune complexes (CIC) were measured in 27 patients with non insulin dependent diabetes (NIDD). This was done by measuring the degree of binding to human red blood cells by the C3b complement fraction. At the same time, the percentage of B lymphocytes in peripheral blood was evaluated by means of the direct immunofluorescence technique for surface IgG and EAC rosettes for cells with receptors to C3b complement fraction. Twenty normal control subjects were simultaneously studied by the same methodology. An increase in serum CIC was observed in NIDD patients, as compared to healthy subjects. Values were 35.8 +/- 3.2 and 25.6 +/- 2.1 micrograms/ml, respectively. The percentage of cells with surface IgG was 10.2 +/- 0.8 in diabetic patients; this value was significantly higher than that found in the control group (6.0 +/- 0.8). No significant quantitative difference in the percentage of EAC binding cells was found between NIDD patients and the control group. When NIDD patients were divided into two groups, those with and those without microvascular complications, neither differences in CIC levels nor in the percentage of B lymphocytes were found. Nor any correlation could be found between the highest individual CIC levels and the highest percentage of lymphocytes with surface IgG. These data show an increase of CIC levels and of cells with surface IgG in NIDD patients who had not received insulin at least not in a constant or prolonged therapy. This could allow us to suspect the existence of antigen-antibody complexes different to insulin antiinsulin CIC found in insulin dependent diabetes. PMID- 6230880 TI - Some functional changes in experimentally induced cardiac overload. AB - In connection with the elucidation of the mechanisms of the acute and chronic haemodynamic stress during cardiac overloading, as well as in investigations on the role of neurotransmitter systems in the genesis of myocardial hypertrophy (MH), we carried out a complex of studies involving modelling of MH induced by treatment of rats with isoprenaline (ISO.) and of rabbits with thyreotom (Tri iodothyronin +L-Thyroxin). With a view to studying some pathogenetic factors participating in the characteristics of the reproduced pathological states, combinations with oxprenolol, atropine, phentolamine (Phent.) and amino-oxyacetic acid (AOAA), which is a GABA-inhibitor, were also applied. The results of the ECG studies performed are the main object of the present article. Marked MH was found in rats injected for 12 days with Iso. in doses of 2 mg/kg, as well as in rabbits which received thyreotom (accompanied with development of arterial hypertension). Considerable functional and morphological damage (with subendocardial fibrous proliferations) were discovered in rats treated with Iso. +Phent. The combinations of oxprenolol and AOAA manifested a protective effect to rabbits with thyrotoxic disturbances. Evident is also the essential role played by the adrenergic mechanisms in MH pathogenesis. PMID- 6230881 TI - Zimeldine to geriatric patients in once daily dosage. A pharmacokinetic and clinical study. AB - The therapeutic efficacy, tolerability and pharmacokinetics of zimeldine in elderly depressed patients were evaluated after administration of different doses of the drug in once daily evening doses. The doses of zimeldine were 100 mg during the first 2 weeks, 150 mg during the next 2 weeks and 200 mg during the last 2 weeks. Nine of the 11 patients (mean age 78 years) included in the study completed the 6-week treatment period, and all nine improved according to the Hamilton depression rating scale. The drug was well tolerated and the side effects were few and mild. No influence of clinical importance was noted in haematology, liver and kidney functions, EEG, blood pressure or pulse rate. Steady-state plasma concentrations of zimeldine, and its active metabolite norzimeldine, were achieved in most cases after 1 week of treatment in each dose regimen. The plasma concentrations increased linearly with the increase in dose. The maximal interindividual variations in plasma concentrations were 8-fold for zimeldine and 3-fold for norzimeldine . The plasma levels of both zimeldine and norzimeldine were higher in the elderly than reported earlier in younger patients. The ratio of norzimeldine/zimeldine concentrations was reduced in the elderly, indicating a reduction of the metabolic capacity. The results suggest that zimeldine can be administered in a once daily dosage regimen to elderly patients, but they should be given a lower dose than younger patients. PMID- 6230882 TI - Recent advances with zimeldine, the 5-HT reuptake blocker, in the treatment of depression. Proceedings of a symposium. Laxenburg, Austria, July 9, 1983. PMID- 6230883 TI - Zimeldine tolerability in comparison to amitriptyline and placebo: findings from a multicentre trial. AB - Zimeldine tolerability was compared to amitriptyline and placebo in a large multicentre study performed at three clinical research units in the U.S.A. Prior to a placebo washout period of 3-7 days, patients were randomly assigned to zimeldine, a potent and selective 5-HT reuptake blocker, amitriptyline or placebo. Dosage range was 75-300 mg/day for active medications, and the scheduled treatment period was 4 weeks. The side-effects were recorded by using a Treatment Emergent Symptom Scale (TESS). Vital signs were monitored and laboratory investigations, including chemistry and drug plasma levels, were performed. Two hundred and sixty-three patients were included in the safety evaluation. Side effects, particularly anticholinergic effects but also drowsiness and cardiovascular effects, were much less pronounced in the zimeldine group compared to the amitriptyline group. Only marginal differences in side-effects were reported between zimeldine and placebo. Significantly more patients receiving amitriptyline were withdrawn from treatment as a result of adverse effects. Thus, zimeldine appears to be an effective antidepressant with marked advantages with regard to tolerability. It is therefore an important new contribution to the treatment of depressive disorders. PMID- 6230884 TI - Adverse reactions in connection with zimeldine treatment--a review. AB - The results of clinical trials have shown that the general level of side-effects is substantially lower with zimeldine than with tricyclic antidepressants. Data from ordinary clinical usage in Sweden and the U.K. (as opposed to clinical research experience) shows a similar picture. Hypersensitivity reactions, characterized by fever, myalgia and/or arthralgia, and transient increases in transaminases, occur in approximately 1.5% of patients. In rare cases potentially serious neuropathies have been reported. PMID- 6230885 TI - Cardiovascular effects of zimeldine. AB - Sinus tachycardia is common after zimeldine overdosage, but major changes in blood pressure, conduction defects, prolonged repolarization and arrhythmias appear to be much less of a problem than with tricyclic antidepressants. At therapeutic dosage, there is no evidence of significant impairment of myocardial contractility or conduction with zimeldine. A fall in blood pressure was reported in one study, but not in others, and postural hypotension, though it may occur, is not common. These findings suggest that the use of zimeldine may be associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular toxicity than has been found with the tricyclic antidepressants. PMID- 6230886 TI - A comparison of zimeldine and amitriptyline on cardiovascular effects in healthy volunteers. AB - The cardiovascular effects of zimeldine (200 mg) and amitriptyline (150 mg) for 6 days were compared in a study involving 10 healthy volunteers. No significant changes were found in heart rate, mean arterial blood pressure or left ventricular contractility when patients were taking zimeldine. With amitriptyline, significant changes were seen at some point during the trial period for all these parameters. No significant changes were seen in the ECGs recorded. Thus, zimeldine appears to be free of adverse effects on contractility, but amitriptyline appears to have a negative inotropic effect. PMID- 6230887 TI - Effects of zimeldine and other antidepressants on skilled performance: a comprehensive review. AB - Existing data suggest that amitriptyline, doxepin, mianserin, viloxazine and imipramine impair the performance of skilled psychomotor tasks. The degree of impairment, as well as the degree of interaction with alcohol, is closely related to the sedative potency of the drug. the adverse effects on psychomotor skills are, however, mainly limited to the first 10 days of treatment. In contrast, nortriptyline, clomipramine, desipramine, protriptyline, nomifensine and zimeldine have much less marked effects on skilled performance. Despite its being a relatively new antidepressant, the effects of zimeldine on psychomotor skills have already been extensively investigated. It has been shown to be without stimulant or sedative effects, and there does not appear to be any additive effect between zimeldine and ethanol. The lack of detrimental effects on skills related to such tasks as driving, makes zimeldine suitable for use in out-patient populations. PMID- 6230888 TI - The effects of zimeldine and amitriptyline on car driving and psychomotor performance. AB - The development of an objective measure of car driving performance, brake reaction time (BRT), is described, and the effects of amitriptyline and zimeldine on this measure are compared in a placebo-controlled, acute, single dose, volunteer study. The effects of treatment on laboratory tests of critical flicker fusion (CFF) threshold, choice reaction time (CRT) and tracking accuracy and on self-assessments of sedation are also examined. At 2 hours post-treatment, amitriptyline produced a significant increase in brake reaction time when compared to both placebo and zimeldine. At 4 hours post-treatment, a significant reduction in "tracking accuracy" and a significant increase in CRT was observed after treatment with amitriptyline, while no such effects were seen with zimeldine. Measures of CFF threshold and self-ratings of sedation also revealed that amitriptyline produced a significant degree of sedation at 4 hours when compared to zimeldine and placebo. In contrast, zimeldine produced elevated CFF threshold, but did not affect self-ratings of sedation. PMID- 6230889 TI - The safety of zimeldine in long-term use in depressive illness. AB - The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety of zimeldine, a 5-HT reuptake inhibitor, in the long-term treatment of depressive disorders. The study was an open label, multicentre investigation involving 147 patients who were suffering from depressive illness and who needed long-term anti-depressant treatment. Sixty five patients completed the intended treatment period of 1 year, 75 terminated prematurely, and 7 are still in the programme. The reasons for termination were mainly ineffectiveness of the drug and adverse reactions. During the long-term treatment the most common emergent symptoms were, in order of decreasing frequency, dizziness, dry mouth, sleep disorders, sweating, tremor, nausea and headache. The side-effects were, however, mild and they generally decreased during the treatment period. No new adverse symptoms were reported. In the long term treatment group, body weight showed a slight mean decrease. Clinical chemistry and cardiovascular investigations were judged to show no changes of clinical importance. It is concluded that zimeldine was shown to be a safe drug in this 1-year treatment programme of depression. PMID- 6230890 TI - Anxiety as part of depression. AB - Changes in diagnostic criteria have shown a trend towards a broader definition of depression. Thus, a number of patients who would previously have been considered to be suffering from anxiety states are now classified as having major depressive illness according to the criteria of the Diagnostic Statistical Manual III. Despite this, such patients show a good response to antidepressant drugs (compared to placebo) if their severity of depression is above 15 on the Hamilton depression scale. It therefore seems likely that there is a common biological substrate underlying both anxiety states and depressive illness, but this issue remains somewhat controversial. The suggestion that the 5-HT system is involved in the mediation of anxiety is considered. Further evidence is required before definite conclusions can be drawn, but it seems clear that anxiolytic activity is not dependent on sedative properties. PMID- 6230891 TI - Effects of amitriptyline, desipramine and zimeldine, alone and in combination with ethanol, on information processing and memory in healthy volunteers. AB - Interactions of three antidepressants--amitriptyline, desipramine and zimeldine- with a single 0.8 g/kg body weight dose of alcohol were studied in healthy male volunteers. The dependent variables were performance measurements in the Continuous Performance Task and a cognitive memory task. Alcohol and desipramine showed different and specific deleterious effects on cognitive and memory functions, whereas amitriptyline produced a more generalized impairment. Zimeldine slightly improved performance in the Continuous Performance Task and antagonized effects of alcohol in both tasks. PMID- 6230892 TI - The efficacy of zimeldine in preventing depressive episodes in recurrent major depressive disorders--a double-blind placebo-controlled study. AB - The efficacy of zimeldine in preventing depressive episodes in recurrent major depressive disorders was evaluated in a randomized, placebo-controlled study involving 40 patients. The intended study period was 18 months. The results showed zimeldine to be significantly more effective than placebo, both in terms of preventing recurrence (t-test: P less than 0.001) and the withdrawal rate (Cox's test: P less than 0.01). Adverse symptoms for zimeldine did not differ from placebo. There were no noteworthy changes in clinical chemistry, blood pressure, ECG and pulse rate. PMID- 6230893 TI - The research and development of a 5-HT selective reuptake blocker. Preclinical aspects. AB - The preclinical development of zimeldine according to the 5-HT (serotonin) hypothesis is briefly reviewed. Zimeldine is a selective 5-HT reuptake inhibitor based on the "chemical lead" of brompheniramine--an antihistamine with some 5-HT reuptake inhibitory properties. By chemical manipulation of the position of the pyridine ring in brompheniramine and the stereochemistry of the side chain, a selective 5-HT reuptake inhibitor has been developed. PMID- 6230894 TI - Zimeldine in depressive illness--efficacy and safety data. AB - Two studies of zimeldine in depressive illness are reported, one a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, the other an open evaluation. In both studies, zimeldine was shown to have antidepressant properties. No simple relationship between plasma zimeldine or norzimeldine and clinical effect was demonstrated in eight patients treated for 6 weeks. Minor changes in electrocardiographic parameters were noted in some zimeldine patients. Side-effects attributable to zimeldine treatment were generally of mild to moderate severity and the drug was well tolerated. During the studies, one patient overdosed on zimeldine (5.2 g) and, although plasma concentrations were excessive, minimum side-effects were recorded. Two cases of suspected adverse drug reactions with zimeldine are described. PMID- 6230895 TI - A multicentre double-blind comparative trial of zimeldine and imipramine in primary major depressive disorders. AB - Zimeldine, a new antidepressant with a selective inhibition of 5-HT reuptake, was compared with imipramine in a double-blind comparative study. The trial was conducted on 95 patients with primary major depressive disorder, of endogenous character. During the 4-week study period clinical efficacy was evaluated by using the Hamilton Depression (HAM-D) scale, Beck's Inventory and global ratings. Zimeldine (100 mg b.d.) was shown to have as good an antidepressive effect as imipramine (50 mg t.d.s.) when evaluated on the HAM-D scale. Assessment of the symptom improvement on this rating scale suggested that zimeldine was more effective in improving the patient's insight of the disease. There was no significant difference between zimeldine and imipramine as assessed by a final global improvement rating scale as well as by the patient's own impression. Exploratory data analysis revealed that zimeldine was significantly more effective than imipramine in the following groups; patients over 40 years of age; patients whose initial onset of illness occurred at over 40 years; patients with a history of at least three episodes of depressive illness; patients with mild to moderate depression; and patients who had previously failed to show an appreciable response to other antidepressant treatment. Analysis of global safety ratings revealed that zimeldine is significantly safer than imipramine, with a lower incidence of adverse symptoms involving the autonomic nervous system, especially anticholinergic reactions. No significant difference was observed between the two groups with respect to abnormal laboratory reports. One zimeldine patient developed symptoms suggesting a hypersensitivity reaction (fever, skin eruption and elevation of plasma levels of transaminases), which led to the patient's withdrawal from drug treatment. PMID- 6230896 TI - Comparison between zimeldine and amitriptyline of efficacy and adverse symptoms- a combined analysis of four British clinical trials in depression. AB - The similarities and differences in the clinical response and incidence of adverse symptoms between zimeldine and amitriptyline have been evaluated by use of a combined analysis of four double-blind clinical trials in depression. In total, 197 patients were included in this series of studies. The efficacy of the drugs was assessed using the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D). Reports of adverse symptoms were actively elicited by use of a check-list of symptoms and rated for severity. The overall clinical efficacy of the two drugs was shown to be equivalent with a high degree of statistical confidence. However, there exist differences in the profile of action. Amitriptyline has a significant advantage in insomnia problems. In spite of this zimeldine was shown to be at least as effective as amitriptyline in reducing anxiety. Amitriptyline is associated with significantly more anticholinergic side-effects, whereas headache is more disturbing during zimeldine treatment. The combination of several independent trials based on similar protocols can be a useful tool to increase the statistical reliability of conclusions relative to that which can be achieved in standard sized, individual studies in depression. PMID- 6230898 TI - Zimeldine in the treatment of depression in the elderly. AB - Epidemiological data indicate that the incidence of classical melancholia is lower among the elderly; however, light, atypical or secondary depressions appear to become more common during old age. Biochemical changes that occur with age or in association with dementia, may increase vulnerability to affective disorders. Preliminary studies show that zimeldine is an effective antidepressant with low cardiotoxicity and few anticholinergic side-effects, and it appears that the drug is well tolerated by the elderly. Drug regimens need to be carefully tailored to the elderly patient's requirements, however, as first-pass metabolism is reduced in some patients. An objective test to differentiate dementia from depression would be extremely valuable. Unfortunately, no such test has yet been found. The dexamethasone suppression test, for example, has proved to be unreliable in this context. PMID- 6230897 TI - A double-blind, controlled evaluation of zimeldine, imipramine and placebo in patients with primary affective disorders. AB - Zimeldine, imipramine and placebo were studied in a randomized, double-blind, parallel group comparison of 119 patients with primary affective disorders. These out-patients were between 18 and 65 years of age and all received placebo single blind during an initial 3-7-day washout period. During the subsequent 6-week double-blind period, patients were titrated from 50 mg b.d. to 150 mg b.d. with zimeldine, a potent and selective inhibitor of 5-HT reuptake, with imipramine, an inhibitor of noradrenaline and 5-HT reuptake, or with a corresponding number of placebo capsules. The zimeldine treatment group had significantly lower mean HAM D scale total scores than the placebo and imipramine groups at week 4 and last available assessment. There was a significantly greater proportion of patients showing an improvement of 50% or more in HAM-D score, among the zimeldine group than in the placebo group at week 4, and among the imipramine group at weeks 4, 6 and last available assessment. The Clinical Global Impression (CGI) scales and the 56-item Hopkins Symptom Check-list (HSCL-56) self-rating inventory both showed significantly more improvement in the zimeldine patients than in the placebo or the imipramine patients. Fewer zimeldine patients reported adverse experiences than imipramine patients. Dry mouth was the most frequently reported adverse experience, occurring significantly more often in the imipramine group than the zimeldine or the placebo groups; significantly more zimeldine than placebo patients reported dry mouth. Headache was the only other adverse experience which occurred more often in the zimeldine than in the placebo group. The imipramine group had consistently higher mean pulse rates than the other two groups, and postural hypotension was also more common in the imipramine group. PMID- 6230899 TI - The new antidepressant zimeldine in general practice. A surveillance study of 15,000 patients. AB - The safety and efficacy of zimeldine--the 5-HT reuptake blocker--was investigated in a 3-week open surveillance study of 15,000 out-patients with depressive illness. In general, a single daily dose of 200 mg of zimeldine was given to adults for a minimum of 3 weeks. Patients of 65 years or over received 100 mg. The drug was well tolerated and troublesome side-effects occurred in only a small percentage of patients. No previously unencountered side-effects or new pattern of side-effects emerged from this study. The general impression of the efficacy of zimeldine confirmed previous findings (i.e. that zimeldine is an effective antidepressant). PMID- 6230900 TI - Apolipoproteins and lipoproteins of human plasma: significance in health and in disease. AB - When DeLalla and Gofman (1954) presented their work "Ultracentrifugal Analysis of Serum Lipoproteins" more than 25 years ago, we were thinking about lipoproteins in terms of density fractions. In the 1970s the electrophoresis concept was pushed by Fredrickson and his colleagues (Fredrickson et al., 1967). There is no doubt that both these lipoprotein research centers have fertilized entire investigations in this field and still have a tremendous impact on our current knowledge. It was, however, not until 1966, when Gustafson, Alaupovic, and Furmann first described the presence of a third lipoprotein family, LpC, that researchers in this area became aware of the dominant role of apolipoproteins in the transport and metabolism of plasma lipids. Lipoprotein density fractions and electrophoretic classes in the mean time have not lost their importance; they still exist and the application of methods yielding those fractions is still going on in lipoprotein laboratories. Yet we need to recognize that the whole lipid transport system is far more complex than was believed some 10 or 20 years ago. Lipoprotein density fractions consist of varying numbers of families; some of them comigrate upon electrophoresis, and the protein moiety of them is mostly composed of nonidentical polypeptides. There are a number of inborn errors of metabolism, for example, ABL, Tangier disease, and enzyme defects, which have taught us a lot about the functions and interplay of the complex apolipoprotein system. In dyslipoproteinemia, abnormal lipoproteins occur in the plasma and apolipoproteins, which are hardly recognized in normal fasting plasma, suddenly become prominent. There still exist, however, apolipoproteins and lipoproteins, one of which certainly is Lp(a), whose function and biological significance remains completely unknown. The structure and the molecular arrangement of lipids and apolipoproteins within a lipoprotein particle has been the subject of intensive investigations, and almost every physicochemical method available has been applied to reveal the morphology of individual lipoproteins in closest detail. Lipoproteins and apolipoproteins have often also served as model substances for cell membranes. After the purification of individual apolipoproteins succeeded in many laboratories and specific antibodies were available, clinical chemists and epidemiologists became interested in this area of research. Apolipoprotein quantification currently is most prominent for the prediction of atherosclerotic risk in preventive medicine.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6230901 TI - Studies on cutaneous vascular permeability in the rat: increases caused by histamine and histamine-like agents. AB - The pharmacology of histamine-induced increases in microvascular permeability has been studied in rat skin. Histamine caused dose-dependent increases in microvascular permeability, assessed as increases in extravascular albumin accumulation. The responses to histamine were inhibited in a dose-dependent manner by pretreatment with mepyramine and were not changed by cimetidine. 2-(2 Aminoethyl)pyridine also increased microvascular permeability whereas impromidine did not. These results suggest that H1-receptors and not H2-receptors are involved in the permeability response to histamine in rat skin. In contrast, dimaprit increased microvascular permeability and responses to dimaprit exceeded the maximum response to histamine. The response to dimaprit proved to be independent of H2 receptors and was consistent with an indirect response due to mast cell degranulation. PMID- 6230902 TI - [Dental treatment of a patient with Von Willebrand's disease]. PMID- 6230903 TI - The flare phenomenon on radionuclide bone scan in metastatic prostate cancer. AB - The radionuclide bone scan 3 months after the initiation of treatment for advanced cancer of the prostate occasionally shows apparent progression of individual lesions despite clinical improvement. To determine the incidence and clinical significance of this so-called flare phenomenon, serial bone scans were reviewed in 33 patients with carcinoma of the prostate and bony metastases, who were receiving endocrine treatment for the first time. A flare reaction was seen in two (6%) of 33 bone scans obtained 3 months after initiation of treatment. A flare reaction on bone scan is an unusual phenomenon in prostatic cancer; in general, serial scans accurately depict the activity of bony metastases in these patients. PMID- 6230905 TI - The retinoids in acne. AB - Vitamin A is essential for growth and development, reproduction and vision in humans. Chemical modification of vitamin A has yielded compounds showing therapeutic promise in skin and neoplastic diseases. The medicinal use of retinoids (vitamin A and its derivatives) is limited by the toxicity associated with this group of compounds. One retinoid, 13-cis-retinoic acid, has proved to be quite effective in the treatment of severe recalcitrant cystic acne under conditions in which toxicity is manageable. PMID- 6230904 TI - T helper and T suppressor subpopulations in pollinosis. Effect of specific immunotherapy. AB - In this work, possible alterations in OKT-4+ and OKT-8+ cells in relation to pollinosis in studied, 33 pollinic patients were studied. 11 of these had not received immunotherapy and the rest had been treated with specific immunotherapy. The possible effect of immunotherapy on the T helper/T suppressor ratio is evaluated. No significant differences between the two groups of patients were found neither in relation to duration of immunotherapy nor in relation to the control group. PMID- 6230906 TI - Spinal orthoses. AB - Cervical and lumbar dysfunction are frequent causes of neck and low back pain. The biomechanics and kinesiology of the spinal column determine the type of orthosis appropriate for the patient. Lumbar orthoses consist of corsets and braces. Corsets increase intra-abdominal pressure, reducing stresses on the lumbar spine. Braces reduce mobility. Simple cervical collars do not significantly reduce vertebral motion, so that more complex orthoses are required for cervical instability. PMID- 6230907 TI - Higher balloon dilatation pressure in coronary angioplasty. AB - The advent of improved balloon catheters for percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) in 1981 extended the theoretic pressure range available for dilatation from 7 atm to 13 atm. The impact of higher dilatation pressure on results of PTCA was studied. The last 100 consecutive patients treated exclusively with the old balloon type (low-pressure group) were compared to the first 100 consecutive patients treated exclusively with the new balloon type (high-pressure group). There was no difference in age, sex, artery distribution, initial degree of stenosis, and initial pressure gradient between the two groups. The mean peak pressure applied was 7.0 +/- 1.6 atm in the low-pressure group and 8.5 +/- 2.1 atm in the high-pressure group (p less than 0.001). The average balloon diameter used and the number and duration of balloon fillings were similar in both groups. Primary success, complications, and residual degree of stenosis were not different in the two groups. The residual pressure gradient, however, was significantly lower in the high-pressure group (11 +/- 7 mm Hg) than in the low-pressure group (16 +/- 10 mm Hg) (p less than 0.01). This indicates a better immediate hemodynamic result without increased risk. It is concluded that it is safe to perform PTCA with the new balloon types allowing for higher pressures. The increment in average pressure used for dilatation, which occurred incidentally, improved the average hemodynamic outcome. This may influence recurrence rate and deserves further investigation by randomized trials. PMID- 6230908 TI - Relationship between ejection phase indices of performance and myocardial functions during the development of pressure overload hypertrophy. AB - The present study examines the temporal relationship between performance of the hypertrophied nonfalling rabbit heart and the contractility of muscles isolated from these same hearts. Ejection phase indices of ventricular function were determined cineradiographically during the development of hypertrophy. Isolated papillary muscle function was examined an average of 8.6 (early), 40.1 (middle), and 97.5 (late) days after banding of the pulmonary artery. Active tension development at Lmax (F) was depressed by 65% in the muscles examined early and by 43% in the middle group. By the late group, F was comparable to control levels. Early depression and a return to normal function were also observed for peak dF/dt and velocity of shortening at Lmax. Time to peak tension was unchanged at 8.6 days and increased at the middle and late time points. Both percentage of shortening and mean normalized velocity of shortening, determined cineradiographically in the intact heart, were depressed immediately following surgery, gradually returned toward "normal function" by the third week, and plateaued at a stable level of performance, which was maintained thereafter. The similarity of in vivo function of the hypertrophied and control hearts, despite the profound differences observed in the myograph, indicate that "ejection phase indices," such as fiber shortening rate, are poor indicators of intrinsic function during the development of hypertrophy. Moreover, these results demonstrate the extent to which intrinsic functional deficits may be overcome in the whole heart and suggest the presence of mechanisms such as enhanced sympathetic nervous activity, which contribute to the maintenance of this normal basal ventricular function. PMID- 6230909 TI - Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty: six years' experience. AB - It can be foreseen that with properly selected cases, percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty will have the same primary and long-term results as bypass surgery in this subset of patients. The socioeconomic and psychologic advantages of the procedure, compared to the advantages of heart surgery, are obvious. The classic indication for the procedure is single-vessel disease. At the present level of experience and case selection, approximately 10% of the surgical candidates could undergo dilatation. If patients with discrete proximal stenosis in double-vessel disease are included, the number will be slightly higher. Future developments in technique, as well as an increase in experience, will broaden the spectrum of this promising treatment. PMID- 6230910 TI - Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty in acute myocardial infarction. AB - Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) has, in general, been restricted to therapy for patients with angina pectoris. Thrombolytic therapy and guide wire recanalization have been used to recanalize coronary arteries in patients with evolving myocardial infarction. Recently we and others have examined the use of PTCA to recanalize the acutely occluded artery associated with the early evolving phase of myocardial infarction. PTCA was performed as definitive therapy in eight patients with acute myocardial infarction. Seven of these had totally occluded arteries to the region of infarct. The infarct-related artery was open within 20 minutes in each of these cases. PTCA recanalization resulted in evidence for reperfusion in each case. Residual stenoses either were not present or were minimal. The procedure was well tolerated. These preliminary results suggest that PTCA may be a reasonable alternative to intracoronary thrombolytic therapy in certain patients with acute evolving myocardial infarction. PMID- 6230911 TI - Comparison of coronary artery bypass surgery and percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty including surgery for failed angioplasty. AB - Selection and treatment of patients with ischemic heart disease is presently undergoing an evolutionary trend. Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) has been recommended as the initial procedure for many patients with coronary artery disease and has thus redefined candidates for coronary artery bypass surgery. During our first years of experience with percutaneous angioplasty, 339 patients underwent the procedure and were compared with 338 patients who underwent isolated coronary artery bypass surgery. Patients who underwent PTCA had a shorter duration of angina and a lower number of prior myocardial infarctions and were found to have better left ventricular function (p less than 0.01). PTCA was considered initially successful in 87% (295 of 339) of patients. The most common finding at operation in those with failed angioplasty who underwent urgent or emergency revascularization was dissection of atheromatous plaque. Although the cumulative frequency of new Q waves in the entire 18-month angioplasty series was low (2.7%), the incidence was high (18%) in those with angioplasty failure and subsequent operation (N = 20) and significantly greater than in patients who had elective coronary artery bypass surgery (3.6%). Use of inotropic agents and lidocaine for ventricular arrhythmias was significantly higher in patients with unsuccessful PTCA who required operation than in those who underwent elective bypass surgery (10% vs 3% and 10% vs 1.5%, respectively; p less than 0.01). In an analysis of our entire experience between October 1980 and June 1982, 777 patients who had PTCA and 2068 patients who underwent coronary artery bypass surgery were analyzed for differences in clinical complications and early outcome.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6230912 TI - Intraoperative balloon-catheter dilatation in the treatment of coronary artery disease. AB - Intraoperative balloon angioplasty has been employed as an adjunct to conventional coronary artery bypass techniques for arteriosclerotic obstructions in areas difficult to expose. In 14 patients having repeat cardiac catheterization prior to discharge from the hospital, an average preoperative stenosis of 50% was reduced to 26% in 14 arteries subjected to angioplasty. In four patients, improvement was less than 20%. There were no known complications, and time to perform the procedure was less than 10 minutes per angioplasty. Intraoperative angioplasty is indicated when normal sequential or multiple grafting procedures cannot be performed, but the procedure may have a significantly higher long-term failure rate than coronary artery bypass alone. PMID- 6230913 TI - Experience with operative transluminal balloon-catheter dilatation of the coronary arteries. AB - A technique is presented for hand dilatation of coronary artery segments not amenable to bypass with a balloon catheter. This technique is used in 8% of patients undergoing routine coronary artery bypass surgery. Problems with catheter design, although troublesome, have resulted in no adverse sequelae to the coronary arteries. Postoperative angiography has revealed a good result in 71% of the lesions dilated. The technique is simple, is performed under direct visualization, and has proved to be safe. PMID- 6230914 TI - Intraoperative balloon-catheter dilatation: University of Florida experience. AB - Thirty-four patients with stable angina underwent coronary artery bypass surgery with supplemental intraoperative coronary artery balloon-catheter dilatation. Coronary dilatation was performed on 35 vessels at 50 sites. The balloon catheter could not be passed through one stenotic site. Intimal dissection occurred at two sites, as noted on early postoperative angiographic studies, with resolution on follow-up studies. There was one perioperative myocardial infarction, 100% early relief of angina, and one operative death. Of 25 distal arterial narrowings studied early by angiography (mean, 10 days), 15 (60%) were unchanged, two (8%) were worse, and eight (32%) were improved. Discrete narrowings improved more than diffuse narrowings; in 46% of the former there was an increase in luminal diameter, in comparison to only 17% of the latter. During a maximal 34-month follow-up period, two patients developed recurrent angina and one died of congestive heart failure. Of 13 distal coronary narrowings studied late (mean, 1 year), six (46%) were unchanged, three (23%) were worse, and four (31%) were improved. Postoperative serial catheterization (early and late) of 10 distal narrowings revealed that nine were unchanged and one was worse. Adjunctive intraoperative coronary balloon-catheter dilatation can be performed safely with acceptable clinical results. The procedure may also allow more complete revascularization of the myocardium. PMID- 6230915 TI - Intraoperative coronary artery balloon-catheter dilatation. AB - A new transluminal angioplasty catheter based on linear extrusion of the dilating element has been specifically designed and developed for the cardiac surgeon. This catheter facilitates placement of the dilating balloon within the arterial narrowing without the routine use of fluoroscopy in the operating room. Physical measurements of the frictional forces exerted on the inner arterial surfaces by three different angioplasty catheter designs during advancement show that the linear extrusion catheter consistently minimizes these forces. The linear extrusion catheters have now been used in over 64 coronary adjunctive intraoperative dilatations. The results of these clinical studies and our research data indicate that the linear extrusion balloon catheter is a safe and effective adjunct to primary coronary artery bypass procedures. PMID- 6230916 TI - Intraoperative retrograde balloon-catheter dilatation to augment myocardial revascularization. AB - When bypass graft surgery is planned, it is appreciated that sequential coronary artery stenoses often entrap the origins of arterial branches that have a significant, but subgraftable, diameter. These branches are routinely not perfused by saphenous vein grafts implanted beyond the second lesion. Data are presented on improving perfusion of such branches in 26 patients by the technique of retrograde intraoperative balloon-catheter dilatation. During coronary artery surgery, specially designed angioplasty catheters, 2 to 3 mm in diameter, were introduced through the coronary arteriotomy and passed retrogradely across the distal lesion. Balloon inflation was performed two to four times at 4 to 7 atm. Lesion size was assessed before and after angioplasty with the use of graduated coronary probes. Probe-determined lesion diameter increased from 1.1 +/- 0.4 to 2.0 +/- 0.4 mm (percent increase, 109 +/- 8). In selected patients, intraoperative balloon-catheter dilatation is a promising technique adjunctive to coronary surgery. Clinical significance and long-term effectiveness of this procedure require further evaluation. PMID- 6230917 TI - Adjunctive operative coronary artery balloon-catheter dilatation: review of Lenox Hill experience. AB - Operative transluminal coronary angioplasty (OTCA) has been used as an adjunct to coronary artery bypass surgery in 65 patients over a 56-month period beginning in May 1978. Experience has led us to use OTCA primarily in the left anterior descending coronary artery. The angioplasty catheter has undergone a number of modifications. Late restudy (8 to 56 months; mean, 24.1) data in 17 patients demonstrated that 15 of 19 angioplasty segments (78.9%) were patent. PMID- 6230918 TI - Role of platelet antagonists in coronary artery disease: implications in coronary artery bypass surgery and balloon-catheter dilatation. AB - Platelets play an important role in regulation of hemostasis and maintenance of vascular tone. Endothelial disruption occurring during coronary artery bypass surgery and balloon-catheter dilatation may promote platelet adhesion, aggregation, and thrombus formation. Recent studies suggest that platelet endothelial interaction is mediated in part through products of arachidonic acid metabolism. Understanding of the platelet interaction with blood vessels is important in pharmacologic interventions directed at prevention of thrombus formation in bypass grafts. Although it remains to be proved, use of platelet suppressive drugs may also improve patency of coronary arteries after balloon catheter dilatation. PMID- 6230919 TI - Improvement in regional and global left ventricular function after intracoronary thrombolysis: assessment with two-dimensional echocardiography. AB - After acute myocardial infarction, 23 patients undergoing intracoronary thrombolysis and 10 patients receiving conventional medical treatment were studied by 2-dimensional echocardiography to determine changes in regional and global left ventricular (LV) performance. Both quantitative and qualitative analysis of echocardiographic studies showed improvement in regional and global LV function in 18 patients with successful reperfusion immediately after thrombolysis to 10 days later (p less than 0.0005). Eleven patients who were studied before thrombolysis demonstrated no change in regional or global LV function immediately after thrombolysis. LV function did not improve in the conventionally treated group. These data indicate that in patients with acute coronary artery occlusion successfully reperfused by intracoronary thrombolysis, regional and global LV function improved by day 10 but not immediately after reperfusion. PMID- 6230920 TI - Percutaneous angioplasty of stenoses of bypass grafts or of bypass graft anastomotic sites. AB - Forty patients who had stenoses of coronary artery bypass grafts or stenoses of the proximal or distal coronary insertion sites were treated with percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA). PTA was successful in 78% of the patients. Mean stenoses were diminished from 86% to 34% in luminal diameter. One patient needed emergency coronary artery bypass grafting. There were no deaths associated with PTA. Follow-up angiography showed continued patency in asymptomatic patients, whereas in all but 1 patient with recurrent symptoms restenosis had developed at the PTA site. In 38% of patients restenosis developed after successful PTA; the highest restenosis rate was after PTA of aorta/graft anastomoses or proximal graft stenoses. In conclusion, PTA is a successful, low risk alternative to repeat coronary artery bypass grafting, although the restenosis rates at some PTA sites are high. PMID- 6230921 TI - Effect of acebutolol on left ventricular hemodynamics and anatomy in systemic hypertension. AB - In 18 patients with mild or moderate essential hypertension who responded favorably to acebutolol antihypertensive therapy, echocardiography (echo) was performed in the basal condition and after 6 and 12 months of follow-up. Acebutolol induced a significant decrease in blood pressure (BP), from a basal value of 167 +/- 3/105 +/- 2 mm Hg to 138 +/- 5/90 +/- 2 mm Hg after 6 months (p less than 0.01) and to 134 +/- 3/91 +/- 3 mm Hg after 1 year (p less than 0.01), and in heart rate, from 75 +/- 3 to 63 +/- 2 beats/min after 6 months (p less than 0.01) and to 63 +/- 2 beats/min after 1 year (p less than 0.01). The decrease in BP was achieved through a decrease in cardiac output from 6.3 +/- 0.28 to 5.3 +/- 0.25 liters/min after 6 months (p less than 0.05) and to 5.32 +/- 0.2 liters/min after 1 year (p less than 0.05), which resulted from a reduction in heart rate; stroke volume did not show significant change during the treatment and left ventricular (LV) performance was improved. There was a parallel decrease in LV posterior wall and ventricular septal thicknesses and estimated LV mass. In patients with LV hypertrophy, the change in mass was significantly correlated with the change in heart rate both after 6 and 12 months of therapy (r = 0.6234, p less than 0.05 and r = 0.7121, p less than 0.05 after 6 and 12 months, respectively). PMID- 6230922 TI - Sensitivity and specificity of commonly used electrocardiographic criteria for left atrial enlargement determined by M-mode echocardiography. AB - To assess the sensitivity and specificity of 6 commonly used electrocardiographic criteria for left atrial (LA) enlargement, the rest ECGs of 99 patients in normal sinus rhythm were analyzed. Fifty-seven of the patients had LA enlargement and 42 had a normal LA dimension as determined by M-mode echocardiography. The 6 criteria studied and their respective sensitivities and specificities were as follows: (1) duration of the negative phase of the P wave in lead V1 greater than 40 ms: sensitivity, 83%; specificity, 80%; (2) notched P wave in any standard lead with an interpeak duration greater than 40 ms: sensitivity, 15%; specificity, 100%; (3) P terminal force (depth X duration of the terminal portion of the P wave) in lead V1 more negative than -0.04 mm X s: sensitivity, 69%; specificity 93%; (4) depth of the negative phase of the P wave in lead V1 greater than or equal to 1 mm: sensitivity, 60%; specificity, 93%; (5) total P-wave duration greater than 110 ms in any standard lead: sensitivity, 33%; specificity, 88%; (6) total P wave duration/P-R interval duration greater than 1.6: sensitivity, 31%; specificity, 64%. Combining 2 or more of these criteria did not substantially improve sensitivity and specificity. PMID- 6230924 TI - Distal embolization of a coronary artery bypass graft atheroma during percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. PMID- 6230923 TI - In vivo assessment by computed tomography of the natural progression of infarct size, left ventricular muscle mass and function after acute myocardial infarction in the dog. AB - Quantification of myocardial infarct (MI) size is of prognostic importance in patients with acute ischemic damage. Evaluation of the efficacy of interventions for salvage of ischemic myocardium depends on the accurate estimation of the ischemic area and a knowledge of the natural progression of the infarct. Computerized transmission tomography (CTT) is a reliable in vivo technique for estimating infarct size. We serially studied 8 dogs over approximately 1 month after occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery using both ungated and prospectively electrocardiogram-gated CTT. Scans were obtained 20 minutes after occlusion and then several more times until the dogs were killed. Using the ungated CTT scans, infarct size increased from 0 to 4 days (+ 65 +/- 20%, mean +/- standard error of the mean, p less than 0.05), then progressively decreased. The initial perfusion defect overestimated the eventual MI size at 1 month by 33 +/- 15% (p less than 0.05). The MI size at necropsy correlated well (r = 0.98, p less than 0.001) with CTT MI size determined just before sacrifice. Non-infarcted left ventricular (LV) muscle mass increased significantly (27 +/- 7% greater at 1 month compared with day 0, p less than 0.01) over time, presumably representing compensatory LV hypertrophy. The LV muscle mass at necropsy correlated well (r = 0.94, p less than 0.001) with CTT LV muscle mass just before sacrifice.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6230925 TI - Bedside balloon atrial septostomy using echocardiographic monitoring. PMID- 6230926 TI - Positive inotropic and vasodilator effects of MDL 17,043 in patients with reduced left ventricular performance. AB - To assess the potential positive inotropic properties of the drug MDL 17,043, 10 patients were studied who had impaired left ventricular (LV) performance and who were undergoing diagnostic cardiac catheterization (LV ejection fraction 16 to 46%). MDL 17,043 was given in repeated i.v. doses of 0.5 mg/kg every 15 minutes until a maximal effect was observed or a total dose of 3 mg/kg was attained. Cardiac output increased from 3.5 +/- 1.0 to 5.3 +/- 0.7 liters/min (p less than 0.005); pulmonary artery wedge pressure decreased from 22 +/- 4 to 9 +/- 5 mm Hg (p less than 0.001); and total systemic resistance decreased from 2,335 +/- 1,147 to 1,310 +/- 365 dyne cm-5 (p less than 0.025). Also, maximal LV dP/dt increased from 1,011 +/- 301 to 1,243 +/- 330 mm Hg/s (p less than 0.001). No significant changes in heart rate, systemic blood pressure, routine blood chemistries, complete blood counts or platelet counts were observed. Thus, MDL 17,043 has hemodynamic effects consistent with positive inotropic and vasodilating properties in patients with reduced LV performance. Because this agent is effective orally, further evaluation in patients with overt congestive heart failure is warranted. PMID- 6230927 TI - Recognition of regional hypertrophy in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy using thallium 201 emission-computed tomography: comparison with two-dimensional echocardiography. AB - The configuration of the hypertrophied myocardium was evaluated by thallium-201 emission-computed tomography and 2-dimensional (2-D) sector scan in 10 patients with obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HC), 10 with nonobstructive HC with giant negative T waves and 10 with concentric left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy. Thallium-201 myocardial imaging was reconstructed into multiple 12-mm-thick slices in 3 planes. The thickness ratio of the ventricular septum and the LV posterior wall in the short-axis plane and the ratio of the ventricular septum and the apical wall in the long-axis plane were analyzed. In the patients with obstructive HC the ventricular septal wall thickness index was increased, and the ratio of septal to posterior wall thickness index (1.45 +/- 0.23) was greater than that in the patients with nonobstructive HC with giant negative T waves or in those with concentric LV hypertrophy (1.03 +/- 0.20 and 0.98 +/- 0.11, respectively; p less than 0.01 for each). In the patients with nonobstructive HC with giant negative T waves, increased apical wall thickness with apical cavity obliteration was characteristic, and the ratio of ventricular septal to apical wall thickness index (0.66 +/- 0.14) was less than that in the patients with obstructive HC or in those with concentric LV hypertrophy (1.46 +/- 0.38 and 1.04 +/- 0.09, respectively; p less than 0.001 for each). In contrast, technically satisfactory 2-D sector scanning (83%) demonstrated various configurations of the hypertrophied ventricularseptum, but could not detect apical hypertrophy in 4 of the 10 patients with nonobstructive HC with giant negative T waves whose LV cineangiograms demonstrated apical hypertrophy. Thus, thallium-201 emission computed tomography is useful in evaluating the characteristics of LV hypertrophy and assists 2-D sector scan, especially in patients with apical hypertrophy in HC. PMID- 6230928 TI - Reevaluation of electrocardiographic criteria for left, right and combined cardiac ventricular hypertrophy. AB - Cardiac chamber weight was determined at necropsy in 323 men to develop correlative studies of electrocardiographic criteria for ventricular hypertrophy. Thirty recommended criteria for left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy, 10 for right ventricular (RV) hypertrophy, and combinations of both criteria for combined hypertrophy were evaluated. Four methods for electrocardiographic diagnosis of LV hypertrophy were derived: (1) a modification of the Romhilt-Estes point system; (2) the presence of any 1 of 3 criteria: (a) S V1 + R V5 or V6 greater than 35 mm, (b) left atrial abnormality, or (c) intrinsicoid deflection in lead V5 or V6 greater than or equal to 0.05 second; (3) a combination of any 2 criteria or of 1 criterion (above) plus at least 1 of the following 3 additional criteria: (a) left-axis deviation greater than -30 degrees, (b) QRS duration greater than 0.09 second, or (c) T-wave inversion in lead V6 of 1 mm or more; and (4) the use of a single criterion--left atrial abnormality. Sensitivity varied from 57 to 66% and specificity from 85 to 93% among these 4 methods. Myocardial infarction increased sensitivity of the foregoing methods, but the specificity was reduced. Method 2 is preferred for the electrocardiographic diagnosis of LV hypertrophy. Two methods were useful for right ventricular (RV) hypertrophy: (1) the use of any 1 of 4 criteria: (a) R/S ratio in lead V5 or V6 less than or equal to 1; (b) S V5 or V6 greater than or equal to 7 mm; (c) right-axis deviation of more than +90 degrees, or (d) P pulmonale; and (2) use of any 2 combinations of the foregoing criteria. Sensitivity ranged from 18 to 43% and specificity from 83 to 95%. Combined hypertrophy was best diagnosed using left atrial abnormality as the sole criteria of LV hypertrophy, plus any 1 of 3 criteria of RV hypertrophy: (a) R/S ratio in lead V5 or V6 less than or equal to 1, (b) S V5 or V6 greater than or equal to 7 mm, or (c) right axis deviation greater than +90 degrees.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6230930 TI - Past and current dermatological status of yusho patients. AB - Skin symptoms of "yusho" and their change thereafter are described. In the early stage, skin eruptions were the most prominent and impressive features of yusho. Acneiform eruptions and pigmentation were most conspicuous. With the passage of time, there is some improvement and most patients now have few eruptions, except for the severely intoxicated group. As for blood PCB analysis, the severely intoxicated group who showed intensive skin symptoms showed "pattern A"--a typical specific yusho pattern. The blood PCB patterns of each patient were stable with no alteration after many years and, on the other hand, the blood PCB concentrations have diminished year by year. PMID- 6230929 TI - Randomized trial of chlorozotocin, neocarzinostatin, or methyl-CCNU in patients with malignant melanoma. AB - One hundred twenty-two patients with disseminated malignant melanoma were randomized using an unbalanced randomization to receive chlorozotocin, neocarzinostatin, or MeCCNU. Of the 114 evaluable patients, 46 received chlorozotocin, 47 received neocarzinostatin, and 21 received MeCCNU. The response rates to these three drugs were 9%, 4%, and 14% respectively. Median survival times were 4.2, 3.4, and 5.8 months respectively. Toxicity was acceptable with all three agents. Chlorozotocin and neocarzinostatin do not appear to offer any improved response rates over MeCCNU for patients with disseminated malignant melanoma. PMID- 6230931 TI - Discovery and epidemiology of PCB poisoning in Taiwan. AB - An outbreak of PCB poisoning through consumption of the contaminated rice oil in Central Taiwan was investigated. It covered four counties and there were 1,843 cases by the end of 1980. The highest frequency of incidence occurred during the period from March to July 1979. Severity of clinical manifestations was graded, most patients exhibiting mild or moderate severity. The major age group of the outbreak was between 11 to 20 years old. Most of the victims were students and factory workers. The amount of PCB intake in each victim was estimated to be 0.7 to 1.84 gm and the latent period from the time of intake to the onset of clinical manifestations was approximately three to four months. The patients' blood PCB concentrations ranged from 3 to 1,156 ppb. In 613 patients, 44.37% (272 patients) had PCB levels of 51-100 ppb, and 27.57% (169 patients) had levels over 100 ppb. PMID- 6230932 TI - Dermatological, medical, and laboratory findings of patients in Taiwan and their treatments. AB - This paper describes in detail the dermatological, medical, and laboratory findings of patients poisoned with PCBs and related compounds in Taiwan. Together with their symptoms, their skin lesions as well as their hematological, immunological, and other clinical features are explained. A grading of their clinical severity was tried, and its possible association with PCB concentrations in their blood was examined but could not be demonstrated. Various treatments have been applied but without notable success. Even so, a follow-up study of patients one year later showed that about 38% of patients were somewhat clinically improved, while 54% were not altered. PMID- 6230933 TI - Predictive value and changes of renin secretion in hypertensive patients with unilateral renovascular disease undergoing successful renal angioplasty. AB - Peripheral and renal vein renin activity was measured in 46 hypertensive patients with arteriographically diagnosed unilateral renal artery stenosis before and six months after technically successful renal angioplasty. The renin-sodium profile was high in 80 percent before angioplasty, fell in all patients, and became normal or low in 85 percent after angioplasty. Renal vein renin activity, which initially showed lateralization of renin secretion to the ischemic kidney with contralateral suppression, became normal. Renal vein renin activity was more reliable for predicting the therapeutic response when expressed as the increment of renin for each renal vein over the infrarenal vena caval value (sensitivity 74 percent, specificity 100 percent) than as the ratio between the two renal veins (sensitivity 62 percent, specificity 60 percent). The predictive value of renal vein renin activity is poor when plasma renin activity is stimulated by long-term administration of captopril. These data support the usefulness and define the limitations of peripheral and renal vein renin measurements in selecting patients for treatment by renal angioplasty. PMID- 6230934 TI - Sudden death in a 47-year-old marathon runner. PMID- 6230935 TI - Recurrence rate for de novo 21q21q translocation Down syndrome: a study of 112 families. AB - Recurrence of de novo GqGq Down syndrome (DS) in nine reported families and the low frequency of this chromosome abnormality in the population prompted this multicenter study to examine recurrence rate. Pedigrees and cytogenetic findings were analyzed from 112 families ascertained by a DS child with de novo GqGq translocation. Four of 112 sets of parents had abnormal cytogenetic findings. One mother and two fathers had a low proportion of mosaicism for trisomy 21 in peripheral lymphocytes. In one of these fathers, fibroblast studies confirmed the mosaicism (others not similarly studied). Two of these three families have one additional child each, both being normal. In the fourth family, the mother is heterozygous for a pericentric inversion of chromosome 21. Ninety of the 112 probands had a total of 130 full sibs and 34 half sibs. None of these 164 sibs was affected; the recurrence rate could still be as high as 2% (with 95% confidence based upon calculation of a one-tailed confidence interval). Because of the latter, the nine reports of recurrence in the literature, and the abnormal cytogenetic findings in peripheral lymphocytes in 4/112 sets of parents (3.6%), we think that caution should be exercised when counseling that the recurrence risk of this event is remote. PMID- 6230936 TI - Eligibility criteria for amniocentesis. PMID- 6230937 TI - Telephone Call Aid for problems of visual sequencing. AB - People with problems of visual sequencing and impaired immediate memory have difficulty placing telephone calls independently. A Call Aid, created from an inexpensive spiral-bound pad of 3 X 5 inch cards, enabled people with visual sequencing problems to make a telephone call independently. In a pre-test, post test study, nine of ten trainable mentally handicapped adolescents, IQ range 40 55, were able to dial successfully immediately after training and 1 week later. Construction of the Call Aid is described. PMID- 6230938 TI - Scheuermann's disease. Clinical and radiological survey of 17 and 18 year olds. AB - This is a study of the incidence and possible predisposing stress factors of Scheuermann's disease (S.D.). 500, 17 and 18 year old, students from the local larger schools, from one country town school and from the local Teachers' Training College, took part. Each student filled in a questionnaire, underwent a simple spinal examination including a clinical assessment of the available passive hamstring stretch, and had a lateral X-ray of the dorsal and upper lumbar spine. 56.3% of the males and 30.3% of the females had X-ray evidence of previous S.D., in varying degrees of severity. Dynamic stress, such as playing sports involving a lot of potential compression stress, weight lifting, and heavy lifting work in spare time and holidays, seem to play little if any part in the pathogenesis of S.D. Tall males and males who had spent more than 2 weeks in bed, due to sickness or injury, were more prone to S.D. Hamstring tightness showed a significant relationship to X-ray evidence for males. In the absence of possible dynamic stress factors it is suggested that prolonged sitting may be an important factor in the pathogenesis of end plate breakdown and thus S.D. PMID- 6230939 TI - Effect of T4-induced cardiac hypertrophy on O2 supply-consumption balance during normoxia and hypoxia. AB - The purpose of this study was to determine if thyroxine-induced hypertrophic hearts can maintain an adequate O2 supply-consumption balance both at rest and under hypoxic stress. New Zealand White rabbits were given 0.5 mg/kg L-thyroxine (T4) for 3 or 16 days, and a third group served as a control. Chests were opened under anesthesia, and myocardial blood flow was determined using microspheres. In half of these animals, microspectrophotometric determinations were made on left ventricular arterial and venous O2 saturation, and by combining this data with blood flows, O2 consumption was determined. The other animals were then subjected to hypoxia (8% O2 in N2), and flows and O2 consumption were again determined. T4 increased arterial pressure and heart rate in normoxic animals and also increased myocardial blood flow 65 and 210% for 3- and 16-day T4 groups, respectively, with no regional differences. O2 extraction was also increased in T4 animals. O2 consumption increased 134 and 280% in 3- and 16-day T4 groups. Only normoxic saline controls had a regional O2 consumption difference with subendocardial O2 consumption higher than subepicardial values. When compared with their respective normoxic groups, blood flow increased 49 and 101% for the hypoxic 3- and 16-day T4 groups. Hypoxia had no effect on saline control blood flow. Hypoxia decreased O2 extraction 29 and 41%, respectively, in the 3- and 16-day T4 groups and was unchanged in saline controls.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6230940 TI - Effects of graded insulin therapy on cardiac function in diabetic rats. AB - To determine the effects of graded insulin therapy on cardiac function and biochemistry, rats were made diabetic by streptozotocin (50 mg/kg) and subsequently treated with either 3 U of insulin per day (D3) or 5 U/day (D5) and compared with untreated diabetic rats (D phi) and a nondiabetic control group (C). Blood glucose, water consumption, and heart and body weights in D3 and D5 showed dose-dependent responses between those of D phi and C. Cardiac function was studied at similar heart rates and similar left atrial and aortic pressures in an isolated working heart apparatus. Hearts from D phi showed significant decreases in end-diastolic pressure, peak left ventricular systolic pressure, and positive dP/dt, whereas these values in D3 and D5 were similar to those in C. The isovolumic relaxation period was significantly longer in the D phi group, intermediate between D phi and C in D3, and the same in D5 and C. Ca2+-ATPase activity of myosin and actin-activated Mg2+-ATPase activity was depressed in D phi, partially corrected in D3, and completely corrected in D5. Myosin isoenzyme distribution displayed a shift from the predominant V1 pattern observed in C to a predominant V3 pattern in D phi. Treatment with 3 U of insulin per day partially corrected the isoenzyme abnormality, and treatment with 5 U/day restored the isoenzyme distribution to normal. These results indicate that gross cardiac contractile function can be normalized with insulin dosages that are not sufficient to correct hyperglycemia, polydipsia, or body and heart weight.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6230941 TI - Medical and legal problems in psychiatric coding under the DSM and ICD systems. AB - The various diagnostic systems in psychiatry have differed in their terminology and associated numerical codes. Lack of attention to coding variations in the DSM and ICD systems during the review of patient records can lead to misinterpretation and confusion; reliance on historical or statistical studies that use differing systems may be questionable. Two cases illustrate the problems caused by lack of awareness of these factors. Specification by the psychiatrist of both the diagnostic system used and the appropriate revision or edition can lessen communication error or misunderstanding. PMID- 6230942 TI - Prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus, phage type 29/52/80, in Michigan. AB - Staphylococcus aureus, phage type 29/52/80, caused an outbreak of infections in Michigan over a period of two years and continues to be the most prevalent type seen. Of 3,752 isolates typed in 1980-81, 25 per cent were this phage type, which was strongly associated with methicillin resistance. Using this phage type as an indicator, we could demonstrate the spread of methicillin resistant staphylococci from Detroit metropolitan hospitals to suburban and, to a lesser extent, to hospitals outside the Detroit area. PMID- 6230944 TI - Role of histoincompatibility on the blastogenic response of lymphocytes from guinea pigs alloimmunized with sperm cells. AB - The involvement of antigens coded by the major histocompatibility complex in alloimmunization of guinea pigs with sperm has not been fully explored. Some of the "in vitro" correlates of cell-mediated immunity, such as the lymphocyte transformation test in presence of sperm cells, could be influenced, at least partially, by histoincompatibility. Outbred Hartley and inbred strain 13 guinea pigs were alloimmunized with sperm cells emulsified in Freund's complete adjuvant. The degree of histocompatibility between recipients and sperm cell donors was determined by using mixed lymphocyte culture assays. Stimulatory indices higher than four, indicating histoincompatibility, were obtained frequently between members of Hartley strain or between Hartley and strain 13 guinea pigs, but never between strain 13 animals. Sperm cells from histoincompatible guinea pigs failed to stimulate blastogenesis in lymphoid cells from nonimmunized animals. The lymphoblastogenic potential of allo- and isospermatozoa were compared. Lymphoid cells from Hartley and strain 13 guinea pigs alloimmunized with sperm cells were incubated in vitro with histocompatible and histoincompatible sperm cells. Both strain 13 and Hartley sperm cells gave a similar stimulatory index with lymphoid cells belonging to outbred or inbred alloimmunized guinea pigs. The use of fresh spermatozoa was of paramount importance. Frozen specimens lost their stimulatory capacity almost completely. Within the limits of the technique utilized here, we have failed to detect any influence of the antigens coded by the major histocompatibility complex of the guinea pig upon the sperm-induced lymphocyte transformation. These observations point to the sperm-specific autoantigens as being responsible for the lymphocyte proliferation. PMID- 6230945 TI - Experience with 49 consecutive dacron interposition mesocaval shunts. A unified approach to portasystemic decompression procedures. AB - In 1973, a plan was developed to manage all patients with bleeding esophageal varices who required portasystemic decompression with a Dacron interposition mesocaval shunt procedure. This paper has analyzed 7 years of such experience in 49 consecutive patients. Forty-eight were cirrhotic, 26 (53 percent) required emergency shunting, and 6 were in Child's class A, 13 were in class B and 30 were in class C. Overall, operative mortality was 11 of 49 patients (22.4 percent). Ten of the 11 deaths were of patients in class C and all but one of the patients (90.9 percent) had undergone an emergency operation. Sixteen patients had episodes of significant postshunt recurrent bleeding. Such bleeding occurring within 30 days of operation was a function of severe hepatic, hematologic, and general metabolic derangements. Recurrent hemorrhage occurring after discharge was a function of shunt thrombosis (four patients) or alcoholic recidivism. Twelve patients (31.6 percent) had significant postshunt encephalopathy. Cumulative 5 year survival was 49.3 percent. These data emphasize the high risk of mortality in class C patients operated on an emergency basis. Postoperative encephalopathy is a significant problem with this shunting procedure. PMID- 6230943 TI - Suppressor T-lymphocytes in pregnancy. AB - Primiparous and multiparous healthy pregnant women were tested at the end of the gestation period, or immediately after delivery, for their lymphocyte reactivity to paternal or neonatal cells in mixed lymphocyte culture and in cell-mediate cytotoxicity assays. Freshly isolated maternal lymphocytes had no spontaneous cytotoxic activity against PHA-activated neonatal or paternal lymphocytes. In conventional 6-day mixed lymphocyte cultures and in cytotoxicity assays, maternal lymphocytes displayed a response similar to that of paternal or third party lymphocytes when stimulated with neonatal, paternal, or third party lymphocytes. By contrast, in 3-day mixed lymphocyte cultures maternal cells had a selectively lower response to paternal antigens (expressed either on cord blood cells or on paternal lymphocytes), than to unrelated alloantigens. Removal of T-lymphocytes with IgG receptors (T gamma), or of T-lymphocytes reacting with OKT8 monoclonal antibody, corrected the depressed response of maternal cells in these 3-day cultures. It is suggested that circulating maternal lymphocytes contain antigen specific suppressor cells characterized by their membrane receptors for IgG and the T8 antigen. PMID- 6230946 TI - [Use of thrombolytic agents in arterial diseases]. PMID- 6230947 TI - Histological changes of muscle in a patient with pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency. AB - Histological changes of muscle from a 17-month-old boy with pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency are presented. The patient had muscle hypotonia, mental retardation, seizures, lactic acidosis and hyperalaninemia. Deficient activity of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex was found in his platelets (about 25% of normal) and of pyruvate dehydrogenase in his biopsied muscle (about 5% of normal). A muscle biopsy specimen showed an increased proportion of type IIC fibers (24%), fiber-type grouping and lipid droplet accumulation. PMID- 6230948 TI - Antigenic/allergenic composition of Poodle/Alsatian dandruff extract. AB - Poodle and Alsatian dog dandruff extracts were characterized by crossed immunoelectrophoresis (CIE) and crossed radioimmunoelectrophoresis (CRIE) using sera from 24 individuals clinically sensitive to dogs. By using a system with intermediate gel in immunoelectrophoresis, the content of dander-specific and serum-specific allergens was established. 29 antigens (18 dander-specific and 11 serum-specific) were identified in the mixed breed Poodle/Alsation dandruff extract. Of these, 24 antigens were radiostained in CRIE. 16 allergens were dander specific and the remaining eight were serum specific. Positive dog dander RAST (e5 and Poodle/Alsatian dandruff extract) results were observed in the tested dog hypersensitive subjects. Our results suggest that the mixture of Poodle/Alsatian dandruff extract may be a suitable preparation for the diagnosis and treatment of dog allergy. PMID- 6230949 TI - Maximum oxygen flows from a Boyle's machine. PMID- 6230950 TI - Forum. The use of atracurium besylate for laparoscopy. AB - An anaesthetic technique is described for laparoscopy using an intravenous induction, atracurium 0.2 mg/kg for muscle relaxation and intermittent positive pressure ventilation of the lungs with nitrous oxide and oxygen. It was found to be a suitable and simple technique. Recovery of spontaneous ventilation was achieved without the use of reversal agents in all 40 patients. A 15% incidence of cutaneous histaminoid reactions was noted. This is no higher than reported in other studies of atracurium, and further clinical trials are awaited. PMID- 6230951 TI - Direct spectrophotometric detection of cation flux in membrane vesicles: stopped flow measurements of acetylcholine-receptor-mediated ion flux. AB - The development of a spectrophotometric stopped-flow method to measure ion flux in membrane vesicles in the millisecond to minute time region is described in detail. The technique is based on fluorescence quenching of an entrapped fluorophore (anthracene-1,5-disulfonic acid) by Cs+. The method has been applied to the measurement of acetylcholine-receptor-mediated ion flux in membrane vesicles prepared from the electric organs of both Electrophorus electricus and Torpedo californica. The method is applicable to any vesicle system in which Cs+ can substitute for either Na+ or K+. Loading of vesicles with the fluorescent dye is accomplished using the routine procedure for making the vesicles. The dye loaded vesicles can be stored in liquid nitrogen before use. Neither the dye loading procedure nor the presence of Cs+ changes the permeability of the membrane to ions, allowing ion-translocation measurements to be made in the millisecond to minute time region. The stopped-flow design presented allows two sequential mixings of solutions. The relationship between fluorescence quenching and ion flux as well as the interpretation of the ion flux data is described. It is shown that the data obtained with stopped-flow and Cs+ is identical to data obtained previously using a quench-flow technique and 86Rb+. The advantages of the present method over the quench-flow technique and a similar stopped-flow technique developed previously based on T1+ are described in detail. PMID- 6230952 TI - EEGs during high-dose fentanyl-, sufentanil-, or morphine-oxygen anesthesia. AB - In 49 patients undergoing open-heart surgery we compared the electroencephalographic (EEG) effects of high-dose morphine, fentanyl, or sufentanil with O2, using two computerized analysis and display techniques: a period analysis (the Klein method) and an aperiodic analysis (the Neurometrics monitor). During fentanyl or sufentanil anesthesia, both techniques revealed a general decrease in frequency, shown by the aperiodic analysis primarily as a marked increase in the very low frequency range: an increase in the 1-Hz bin (TP1, in muv2) from 2.80 X 10(4) +/- 3.20 X 10(4) (SD) to 45.1 X 10(4) +/- 27.2 X 10(4) for fentanyl and from 3.11 X 10(4) +/- 2.83 X 10(4) to 52.8 X 10(4) for sufentanil. The cumulative percent power at 3 Hz (CP3) increased from 27.2 +/- 6.8 to 83.0 +/- 11.0 for fentanyl and from 22.7 +/- 5.2 to 85.1 +/- 10.4 for sufentanil, while the frequency at 90% cumulative percent power (F90, in Hz) decreased from 17.8 +/- 2.9 to 7.9 +/- 2.8 for fentanyl and 16.4 +/- 5.2 to 5.6 +/- 4.3 for sufentanil. The changes with morphine were less obvious, with some attenuation of high-frequency power shown by the Klein method, and an increase from 24.1 +/- 8.6 to 59.3 +/- 20.7 with CP3, but no change in TP1. Low-frequency power with the period analysis and TP1 with the aperiodic analysis decreased between laryngoscopy and the incisions with fentanyl and sufentanil.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6230954 TI - Should precurarization be used in obstetrics? PMID- 6230953 TI - Comparison of four opioid analgesics as supplements to nitrous oxide anesthesia. AB - The hemodynamic changes, plasma norepinephrine levels, pupil size, and rapidity of postoperative mental recovery were measured and compared in 72 patients randomly assigned in a double-blind manner to receive either morphine, meperidine, fentanyl, or sufentanil as supplements to nitrous oxide anesthesia. Meperidine, unlike the other opioids, which did not change heart rate, consistently increased it. Hemodynamic responses to laryngoscopy and intubation were suppressed by fentanyl and sufentanil, but not by morphine or meperidine. The sufentanil group was the only group in which median norepinephrine levels remained consistently below preinduction values. The frequency with which opioids had to be administered (doses/hr) was significantly less with sufentanil than with morphine and meperidine. Meperidine produced less constriction of the pupils than the other opioids and the duration of miosis was shorter. Fentanyl and sufentanil were associated with a more rapid return of mental function than morphine and meperidine. Meperidine caused deleterious effects on objective tests of psychomotor and cognitive skills that were not reflected by subjective evaluation of rate of recovery from anesthesia. The authors conclude that moderate doses of fentanyl and sufentanil are better supplements to nitrous oxide anesthesia than morphine or meperidine and that fentanyl and sufentanil are equally satisfactory. Subjective effects of the opioids correlated well with changes in pupil diameter. PMID- 6230955 TI - [Experience with the work and organization of the resuscitation service for young children with severe infectious diseases]. PMID- 6230956 TI - [Distribution of concanavalin A on the surface of cells from human body fluids]. PMID- 6230957 TI - [Effect of kinins on the levels of histamine, adrenaline and noradrenaline in the blood and various organs in the rabbits]. PMID- 6230958 TI - [Effect of ultraviolet rays on erythropoiesis in the guinea pig]. PMID- 6230959 TI - [Formation of elastic fibers in cultures and transplants of aortic myocytes and elastic cartilage chondrocytes]. PMID- 6230960 TI - [Cytological studies in the diagnosis of malignant neoplasms of the large intestine. Clinico-morphological comparisons]. PMID- 6230961 TI - [Use of a new method of determining trimethoprim for monitoring its concentration in the blood and plasma]. PMID- 6230962 TI - [Left-ventricular hemodynamics in experimental bone marrow-fat pulmonary embolism in the dog]. PMID- 6230963 TI - [Method of transcutaneous abdominal electric stimulation facilitating the formation of urinary bladder automatism in paraplegia and tetraplegia]. PMID- 6230964 TI - [Alcohol in the psychopathology of homicide and robberies]. PMID- 6230965 TI - [Various aspects of drug addiction among adolescents from different environments]. PMID- 6230967 TI - [Changes in the organs of the lesser pelvis in women employed in dairy cattle breeding farms in the light of the ergonomic evaluation of their work place]. PMID- 6230966 TI - [Analysis of patients' opinions with regard to information received on diagnosed cancer]. PMID- 6230968 TI - [Relation between malocclusion and periodontal diseases in schoolchildren from urban and rural areas covered and not covered by planned stomatological care]. PMID- 6230969 TI - [Circulatory and respiratory effects of celioscopy in the obese]. AB - Hemodynamic and respiratory variations were measured in ten obese women scheduled for laparoscopy. Peritoneal insufflation was associated with a decreased cardiac index (from 2.80 to 2.26 1 X min-1 X m-2; p less than 0.01) and increased systemic vascular resistances (from 1,230 to 1,940 dyn X s X cm-5). Heart rate remained stable (from 85 to 86 c X min-1). Mean arterial pressure was increased (from 86 to 104 mmHg; p less than 0.01). Placing the patients in Trendelenburg's position was associated with a small increase in cardiac index (from 2.26 to 2.49 l X min-1 X m-2; p less than 0.05). Under controlled ventilation, Paco2 was slightly increased (from 26 to 30 mmHg; p less than 0.01). A decrease in venous return due to intraperitoneal vascular compression explained the decrease in cardiac output. The rise in PaCO2 could be explained by CO2 reabsorption from the peritoneal cavity, and also by a change in the ventilation/perfusion ratio due to the curarization, mechanical ventilation and increased abdominal pressure. These results did not differ from the data available in non obese patients. PMID- 6230970 TI - [Emergency translaryngeal ventilation with a Tuohy needle. Use in case of an inability to intubate and ventilate a curarized patient]. AB - Intermittent translaryngeal insufflations of oxygen at high pressure by a needle could be a life-saving procedure, especially in a patient whose trachea the anesthesiologist was unable to intubate or ventilate. This study was designed to evaluate the quality of translaryngeal ventilation performed with a 16-gauge Tuohy needle and an oxygen pressure of 3 bar (300 kPa) in comparison with an usual plastic cannula of the same calibre. The studies carried out in the laboratory have shown a distinct advantage over the conventional cannula. Whereas an O2 jet delivered by a straight cannula impinged on the posterior wall of the larynx and trachea, the curved tip of the Tuohy needle deflected the axis of the O2 flow emerging from it, which then lay parallel to the longitudinal axis of the trachea. Consequently, gas flow through a simulated trachea was increased (2610 ml X s-1 vs 1240 ml X s-1), the inflation pressure being higher and the tidal volume larger. Moreover, the likelihood of injury to the posterior wall of the airway was reduced; the Tuohy needle held with a clamp close to the skin was more stable in position. Blood gases and clinical data obtained in 10 anesthetized and curarized patients without airway obstruction made it clear that translaryngeal insufflations with a 16-gauge Tuohy needle provided adequate ventilation (PaO2 values between 174 and 851 mmHg, PaCO2 between 38 and 64 mmHg). It was concluded that this technique was an efficient alternative in case of an inability to intubate a patient in apnea. PMID- 6230971 TI - Chest wall mechanics during exercise in patients with severe chronic air-flow obstruction. AB - We studied the dynamic mechanical properties of the chest wall in 7 patients with severe chronic air-flow obstruction (CAO). Measurements were made during quiet breathing at rest and during exercise on a bicycle ergometer at work rates equivalent to 50 and 100% of their maximal work rate (Wmax). The peak inspiratory pleural pressure relative to the chest wall relaxation curve (Pmus) increased from 13.5 +/- 1.5 cm H2O at rest to 22.4 +/- 1.7 cm H2O at Wmax, while the coincident transdiaphragmatic pressure increased from 9.7 +/- 2.1 cm H2O at rest to 16.5 +/- 2.3 cm H2O at Wmax. Consequently, the coincident gastric pressure relative to its value during relaxation (Pab) was negative at rest (-4.5 +/- 1.7 cm H2O) and became even more negative (-6.3 +/- 2.3 cm H2O) at Wmax. Yet the increase in ventilation with increasing exercise was associated with an increase in the passive outward displacement of the abdomen (delta Vab) relative to the total volume change (delta Vab + delta Vrc), such that the ration delta Vab/(delta Vab + delta Vrc) increased from 0.37 +/- 0.08 at rest to 0.52 +/- 0.05 at Wmax. There was no respiratory paradox. From the analysis of volume-pressure tracings of the chest wall compartments we inferred that expiratory intercostal and abdominal muscles contracted forcefully during expiration on exercise, resulting in a marked increase in pleural pressure and a change in thoraco abdominal configuration. This represented the storage of elastic and gravitational energy, which was released during inspiration, contributing to inspiratory pleural pressures and the enhanced inspiratory flow.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6230972 TI - Receptors for human IgG subclasses on human alveolar macrophages. AB - The biology of individual heavy chain subclasses of human IgG (IgG1-4) in lung host defenses has become important now that specific deficiencies of certain subclasses (IgG2 and IgG4) can be associated with chronic sinopulmonary infections and that IgG4 can be increased in forms of hypersensitivity lung disease. Because IgG is an important opsonic antibody that promotes attachment of bacteria or particles to phagocytes, the relative binding of IgG subclasses to membrane receptors on human alveolar macrophages might predict the efficacy of specific opsonin-mediated phagocytosis. With in vitro cultured normal alveolar macrophages, various IgG complexes were assessed for receptor binding with a rosetting assay. For respiratory cells in culture for 24 h, about 25% of the macrophages bound IgG3 and about 10% bound IgG1; binding with IgG2 and IgG4 complexes was minimal. In macrophage cultures maintained for as long as 6 days, this pattern of binding persisted. However, in very short-term cultures, 30 min and 105 min after cell adherence had occurred, binding was much greater for IgG3 complexes (about 60%); likewise IgG1 and IgG4 bound to about 20% of the cells. The IgM erythrocyte complexes, usually showing no binding at later time points in culture, bound to 20% of the cells, acutely. Therefore, our studies found that IgG3 consistently bound to more alveolar macrophages than the other subclasses, including IgG1. Also, the duration in culture of adherent cells may significantly affect the pattern of binding. PMID- 6230973 TI - Modified techniques for improving the continent ileostomy. AB - Most patients will elect to have a continent ileostomy over the conventional Brooke variety if given a choice. Incontinence from valve slippage has represented a major problem. Our technique for valve construction now includes the use of an isoperistaltic ileal segment, a Marlex mesenteric sling, stapling of the valve, and cauterization of the intussuscepted, serosal bowel surface. Utilizing these maneuvers, 22 consecutive continent ileostomies have been fashioned over a period of 5 years and none has necessitated reoperation for valve slippage. Half of these were done at the time of coloproctectomy, while the remainder were Brooke ileostomy conversions. The continent ileostomy is a viable surgical procedure and represents the anatomical arrangement of choice for many patients after coloproctectomy. PMID- 6230974 TI - [Toxicity in the current treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis in children]. AB - Possible toxic side-effects of antituberculous chemotherapy are studied in 718 children affected with pulmonary tuberculosis. 26 (3.62%) presented adverse side effects and one drug had to be changed in 8 (1.11%). Treatment had to be stopped in one (0.13%) due to toxicity. Liver toxicity was specially studied, showing that younger age is a risk factor (p less than 1 X 10(-10). In 44 cases (16.54%) transient increases of no more than triple of maximum normal value, were found in SGOT and/or SGPT. Toxicity observed in controlled clinical studies and guides for treatment are exposed. PMID- 6230975 TI - [Spontaneous neonatal chylothorax. Apropos of 5 cases]. AB - Authors report five consecutive cases of spontaneous neonatal chylothorax (SNC). Three patients had also Down's syndrome, one a VSD and the remaining one was a premature. Two infants with bilateral pleural effusions started with severe neonatal asphyxia in absence of previous fetal alteration. Two right-side chylothoraces made a satisfactory recovery. Fith patient died a few hours after birth because of prematurity. Special mention is made of difficulties for an accurate etiologic diagnostic in the majority of SNC. Interest of association with Down's syndrome, of which only two cases have been previously reported, is pointed out. Finally, the presence of polihydramnios is interpreted as an expression of a lymphatic anomaly and/or an alteration of reabsorption of amniotic fluid at pulmonary level. PMID- 6230977 TI - The acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in patients with hemophilia. AB - Since mid-1981 the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) has received reports of more than 1900 cases of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. These cases had either Kaposi's sarcoma confirmed by biopsy or a life-threatening opportunistic infection confirmed by biopsy or culture. In January 1982 a hemophiliac with Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia was reported to the CDC, and by July 1982 two other hemophiliacs had developed P. carinii pneumonia. During the next 12 months a total of 22 confirmed cases of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome occurred in hemophiliacs, 17 in the United States and 5 outside the United States. We report the nature of the epidemic of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in hemophiliacs and summarize pertinent clinical aspects. PMID- 6230976 TI - Adverse reactions to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. AB - We reviewed the charts of 38 patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome who were treated for Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. Only 5 of 37 patients started on trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole were able to complete treatment; in 29 patients drug toxicity occurred and in 19 treatment was changed due to adverse reactions that included rash, fever, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, and transaminase elevation. Pentamidine was given to 30 patients (1 as initial treatment); toxicity occurred in 13 but only 4 required a change in drug. Adverse reactions from pentamidine included fever, rash, neutropenia, transaminase elevation, azotemia, and hypoglycemia. Patients received trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole a median of 9.5 days, and pentamidine, a median of 12.5 days. Toxicity from trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole appeared earlier than toxicity associated with pentamidine (7.5 versus 9.5 days of treatment). In patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole has a higher incidence of adverse reactions than pentamidine (p less than 0.005). PMID- 6230978 TI - [Spontaneous hematoma of the rectus abdominis muscle. Apropos of 2 observations]. PMID- 6230979 TI - [Anatomo-clinical conference at the Cochin Hospital. Bilateral lumbocrural pain in a 72-year-old diabetic]. PMID- 6230980 TI - [Pelviscopic diagnosis in sterility: proposal of a protocol]. PMID- 6230981 TI - Abdominal wall competence in transverse abdominal island flap operations. AB - This study critically evaluates the abdominal wall in 82 patients following breast and chest wall reconstruction using the transverse abdominal island flap operation. Experience with these patients led to an awareness of the important muscle and ligamentous structures in the anterior abdominal wall. An operative procedure is presented for selective harvesting of the transverse abdominal island flap in a manner that preserves viability of the flap and at the same time reestablishes abdominal competence. PMID- 6230982 TI - Anaesthesia for laparoscopy: alfentanil and fentanyl compared. PMID- 6230983 TI - Differential effects of streptozotocin and streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus on tumor metastases and growth in mice. AB - Diabetic mouse serum was found to be toxic to F-10 melanoma cells in vitro. However, when F-10 cells were injected intravenously into streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice there was a significant increase in the number of lung tumors. Contrarily, when streptozotocin was injected after F-10 cells there was a 5-fold decrease in lung metastases. Reversal of the diabetes in these mice by nicotinamide or insulin injection did not increase the lung metastases. Solid tumors (resulting from the subcutaneous injection of F-10 cells) grew at similar rates in both control and diabetic mice. Streptozotocin injected after F-10 cells resulted in a 6 day delay in the appearance of solid tumors. Triglycerides, the toxic factors in vitro, were elevated to similar extents in both tumor-bearing control and diabetic mice. Most of the differences in tumor growth between control and streptozotocin injected mice were attributable to the antitumor activity of streptozotocin, rather than the diabetic state. PMID- 6230985 TI - Difference between monoclonal antibodies against the common acute leukemia antigen from two different hybridomas. AB - Antibodies directed against the common acute lymphoid leukemia antigen (CALLA) were obtained from 2 hybridomas: J5 (Schlossman, mice sensitized with patient ALL cells), and Vil-A1 (Knapp, sensitization with the Reh cell line). The percentage of lymphoid cells reacting with these 2 monoclonal antibodies were compared. Antibody dilution curves indicated that the dilutions used yielded maximum percentages of positive cells. The percentage of CALLA-positive cells with the J5 antibody was significantly (p less than 0.001) higher than that found with the Vil-A1 antibody in 16 non-neoplastic inflammatory tonsils and in 13 non-Hodgkin lymphoma and chronic lymphatic leukemia lymph-nodes (p less than 0.05). In contrast, the difference between CALLA positive cells with J5 and Vil-A1 was not significant (p greater than 0.5) in 19 acute lymphoid leukemias. The difference between the ALL-cells, presumably pre-B, and the B-cells from the non-ALL subjects was also statistically significant (p less than 0.01). The results suggest that the two hybridomas form antibodies against different CALLA epitopes. Vil-A1 seems somewhat more specific for ALL than J5. PMID- 6230984 TI - Independent regulation of growth and steroid receptors in uterus and mammary tumors of rats. AB - Anti-estrogens and progestagens are synergistically active in the treatment of hormone dependent tumors. The combined action of both compounds in daily treatment schedules are analyzed in rat uterus and in DMBA- induced rat mammary tumors. Tamoxifen in contrast to estradiol does not significantly affect tissue growth, while PgR induction is considerably stimulated by Tamoxifen. It is suggested that the "estrogenic effects" of Tamoxifen and estradiol are separately modulated. When given in sequential combination with anti-estrogens, the anti tumor response of progestagens is enhanced. Combinations of hormonal treatment based on careful analysis of the regulation processes at target cell level may greatly improve results of anti-tumor therapy. PMID- 6230986 TI - The antineoplastic activity of hexaziridinocyclotriphosphazene (Myko 63) in murine tumors. AB - The antineoplastic activity of hexaziridinocyclotriphosphazene (Myko 63) has been investigated in a panel of murine ascitic and solid tumors. Myko 63 was found to significantly retard primary and secondary tumor growth and to prolong the survival rates in each of the nine models employed. These included the L1210 and P388 leukemias, P815 mastocytoma, the 3LL and Madison 109 carcinomas, M5076 reticulum cell sarcoma, the line 26 colon and line 16 mammary carcinomas, and an intracranially implanted ependymoblastoma. The possible modes of action of this compound and the potentials of cyclophosphazenes, a chemical class largely unexplored as antitumor agents are discussed. PMID- 6230987 TI - Huntington's disease: survival of large striatal neurons in the rigid variant. AB - A morphometric method was employed to investigate the relationship of rigidity and hyperkinesia to the degree of striatal and nigral nerve cell loss in one patient with the rigid variant of Huntington's disease and four patients with hyperkinetic chorea. Both striatal neuron populations, small and medium-sized neurons and large neurons, were affected in the patients with hyperkinetic chorea, whereas the large neurons were preserved in the patient with the rigid variant. The substantia nigra was slightly involved in each patient. The findings suggest that the rigid variant of Huntington's disease may reflect the unbalanced activity of residual, mostly large, striatal neurons, inhibiting the substantia nigra. PMID- 6230988 TI - In vitro activities of ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, pipemidic acid, cinoxacin, and nalidixic acid against Chlamydia trachomatis. AB - The in vitro activities of five quinolinecarboxylic acids against two laboratory strains of Chlamydia trachomatis were compared. The minimal inhibitory concentrations of nalidixic acid, cinoxacin, and pipemidic acid were all greater than or equal to 50 micrograms/ml; the activity of norfloxacin was intermediate (minimal inhibitory concentration, 8 to 16 micrograms/ml). Ciprofloxacin was the most active of these drugs (minimal inhibitory concentration, 0.5 to 1 microgram/ml). PMID- 6230990 TI - Resistance trends of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in the Republic of Korea. AB - Penicillinase-producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae has increased in the Far East to the point that penicillin can no longer be recommended as the drug of choice, mandating a change to spectinomycin. As part of an ongoing surveillance of antibiotic susceptibilities, minimal inhibitory concentrations of penicillin, tetracycline, spectinomycin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, cefoxitin, ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, and moxalactam were determined. A disturbing, steady increase in resistance to spectinomycin was documented. PMID- 6230989 TI - In vitro susceptibility of human and environmental isolates of Mycobacterium avium, M. intracellulare, and M. scrofulaceum to heavy-metal salts and oxyanions. AB - Because of the widespread distribution of Mycobacterium intracellulare and M. scrofulaceum in southeastern U.S. waters, the susceptibility of members of these species to heavy-metal salts and oxyanions was investigated. Isolates with abnormally high tolerance to mercuric chloride or cadmium chloride were identified. PMID- 6230991 TI - Computer-assisted analysis demonstrates that polypeptides induced by natural and recombinant human interferon-alpha are the same and that some have related primary structures. AB - The biological effects on diploid and trisomy 21 human fibroblasts of pure human interferon IFLrA, a single IFN-alpha species produced from cloned DNA, were compared with those of partially purified natural IFN-alpha. Twelve interferon induced polypeptides were visualized by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and autoradiography. Seven of these were shown to have related primary structures and are therefore products of related genes or are related through post-translational modification. Qualitative visual comparisons and computer-aided quantitation of autoradiograms revealed no differences in the patterns of polypeptide induction following treatment with the two types of IFN-alpha, and the two interferons also induced (2'-5') oligoisoadenylate synthetase equally. By these criteria, the activities of the two interferons are qualitatively and quantitatively indistinguishable. In addition, the effects of trisomy 21 on IFLrA-induced polypeptide synthesis and on antiviral response were similar to those previously demonstrated with natural IFN-alpha. PMID- 6230992 TI - Biosynthesis of cyanogenic glucosides: in vitro analysis of the glucosylation step. AB - The last step in the biosynthesis of cyanogenic glucosides, the glucosylation of the cyanohydrin intermediate, has been investigated in detail using Triglochin maritima seedlings. The glucosyltransferase activity is not associated with membranes and appears to be a "soluble" enzyme. The cyanohydrin intermediate, which is formed by hydroxylation of 4-hydroxyphenylacetonitrile by a membrane bound enzyme, is free to equilibrate in the presence of the glucosyltransferase and UDPG, because it can be trapped very efficiently. This indicates that this intermediate is not channeled (unlike some of the other intermediates), although it is probably the most labile of all of them. The glucosyltransferase of T. maritima responsible for the glucosylation of the cyanohydrin was separated from another glucosyltransferase, which used 4-hydroxybenzylalcohol as a substrate, and purified over 200-fold. It catalyzed the glucose transfer from UDPG to only 4 hydroxymandelonitrile and 3,4-dihydroxymandelonitrile, giving rise to the respective cyanogenic glucosides. Although the activities with these two substrates behaved differently in certain respects (e.g., extent of inactivation during purification and difference in activation by higher salt concentrations), most of the data acquired favor the view that only one enzyme in T. maritima is responsible for the glucosylation of both substrates. PMID- 6230993 TI - The epsilon subunit as an ATPase inhibitor of the F1-ATPase in Escherichia coli. AB - The isolation of protein ATPase inhibitor was attempted directly from Escherichia coli membrane extracts to examine the possible presence of a Pullman-Monroy-type inhibitor [M. E. Pullman and G. C. Monroy (1963) J. Biol. Chem. 238, 3762-3769] distinct from the epsilon subunit of E. coli ATPase. Purification to homogeneity was achieved in a sequence of steps involving trichloracetic acid precipitation, DEAE-cellulose, Sephadex G75 chromatography, and a terminal isoelectric focusing step. An inhibitory protein was obtained and was identified by its physicochemical and inhibitory properties as the epsilon subunit of E. coli ATPase. The other inhibitory fraction observed in the purification procedure consisted of aggregated epsilon subunits. PMID- 6230994 TI - The identification and characterization of protein kinase C activity in fetal membranes. AB - Protein kinase C activity was demonstrated in cytosolic fractions prepared from human amnion and decidua vera tissues. The enzyme has been partially purified and was found to be glycerophospholipid-dependent. Phosphatidylserine was most active in the stimulation of protein kinase C. Ca2+ was also required for the expression of the enzyme activity. In the presence of unsaturated diacylglycerols, maximum activation of protein kinase C was observed at suboptimal concentrations of Ca2+. A possible role of phospholipid-dependent protein kinase C in the regulation of arachidonic acid release in this tissue is discussed. PMID- 6230995 TI - Sulfhydryl groups of the F1 adenosine triphosphatase of Escherichia coli and the stoichiometry of the subunits. AB - The distribution and total number of sulfhydryl groups present in the F1 adenosine triphosphatase of Escherichia coli were used to calculate the stoichiometry of the alpha-delta subunits. Titration with 5,5'-dithiobis (2 nitrobenzoate) gave 19.1 +/- 2.2 sulfhydryl groups/mol ATPase. Labeling with [14C]iodoacetamide and [14C]N-ethylmaleimide showed that 11.9, 3.1, 1.9, and 1.8 sulfhydryl groups per molecule of ATPase were associated with the alpha, beta, gamma, and delta subunits, respectively. The epsilon subunit was not labeled. Application of the method of Creighton [Nature (London) (1980) 284, 487-489] showed that 4, 1, and 2 sulfhydryl groups were present in the alpha, beta, and gamma subunits, respectively. This, together with published data for the delta subunit, allowed a subunit stoichiometry of alpha 3 beta 3 gamma delta to be calculated. The presence of four cysteinyl residues in the alpha subunit, as shown by several different methods, does not agree with the results of DNA sequencing of the ATPase genes [H. Kanazawa, T. Kayano, K. Mabuchi, and M. Futai (1981) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 103, 604-612; N. J. Gay and J. E. Walker (1981) Nucl. Acids Res. 9, 2187-2194] where three cysteinyl residues/alpha subunit have been found. It is suggested that post-translational modification of the alpha subunit to add a fourth cysteinyl residue might occur. PMID- 6230996 TI - Rabbit myocardial membrane Ca2+-adenosine triphosphatase activity: stimulation in vitro by thyroid hormone. AB - The in vitro stimulation of human and rabbit erythrocyte membrane Ca2+-ATPase activity by physiological concentrations of thyroid hormone has recently been described. To extend these observations to a nucleated cell model, Ca2+-ATPase activity in a membrane preparation obtained from rabbit myocardium has been studied. Activity of 5'-nucleotidase in the preparation was increased 26-fold over that of myocardial homogenate, consistent with enrichment by sarcolemma. Mean basal enzyme activity in membranes from nine animals was 20.8 +/- 3.3 mumol Pi mg membrane protein-1 90 min-1, approximately 20-fold the activity described in rabbit red cell membranes. Exposure of heart membranes in vitro to L-thyroxine (T4) (10(-10)M) increased Ca2+-ATPase activity to 29.2 +/- 3.8 mumol Pi (P less than 0.001). Dose-response studies conducted with T4 showed that maximal stimulatory response was obtained at 10(-10) M). Hormonal stimulation was comparable for L-T4 and triiodo-L-thyronine (T3) (10(-10) M). Tetraiodothyroacetic acid was without biological activity, whereas triiodothyroacetic acid and D-T4, each at 10(-10) M, significantly decreased enzyme activity compared to control (basal) levels. The action of L-T4 on myocardial membrane Ca2+-ATPase activity was inhibited by trifluoperazine (100 microM) and the naphthalenesulfonamide W-7 (50-100 microM), compounds that block actions of calmodulin, the protein activator of membrane-associated Ca2+-ATPase. Radioimmunoassay revealed the presence of calmodulin (1.4 micrograms/mg membrane protein-1) in the myocardial membrane fraction and 0.35 micrograms/mg-1 in cytosol. Myocardial Ca2+-ATPase activity, apparently of sarcolemmal origin, is thus thyroid hormone stimulable. The hormonal responsiveness of this calcium pump associated enzyme requires calmodulin. PMID- 6230997 TI - Percutaneous steroid therapy of lumbago. PMID- 6230998 TI - Mucoid milia. PMID- 6230999 TI - Topical erythromycin v clindamycin therapy for acne. A multicenter, double-blind comparison. AB - The efficacy and safety of topical 1.5% erythromycin solution and 1% clindamycin phosphate solution were compared in the treatment of acne. The number of inflammatory lesions was significantly reduced at 12 weeks by 62% and 59% and the number of noninflammatory lesions by 43% and 39% in the erythromycin and clindamycin groups, respectively. The reduction in lesions was also reflected in the clinical evaluation of the overall facial condition; 73% of the 74 patients treated with erythromycin solution and 62% of the 80 patients treated with clindamycin solution had excellent or good responses at 12 weeks. The results of this study show that topically applied 1.5% erythromycin and 1.0% clindamycin solutions are both effective and comparable in reducing the clinical manifestation of acne in patients with moderate disease. PMID- 6231000 TI - Nevus lipomatosus cutaneus superficialis. A light and electron microscopic study. AB - Nevus lipomatosus cutaneus superficialis is a rare idiopathic abnormality characterized by isolated dermal collections of adipose tissue. The lesions usually are either congenital or present by the third decade of life and occur predominantly in the pelvic-girdle area. We saw a case that was unusual because the nodules present arose in the patient's fifth decade of life and were confined to the abdominal wall. Histopathologic examination of the nodules showed mature adipose tissue, perivascular mononuclear cell infiltrates, and numerous mast cells. By electron microscopy, we observed small mature lipocytes within the perivascular mononuclear infiltrates. However, neither lipoblasts nor the transition of mesenchymal cells to lipocytes could be demonstrated. PMID- 6231001 TI - Two cases of trichilemmal-like horn. AB - We report two cases of cutaneous horn: one on the palm and one on the thumb. Microscopic examination of the lesion revealed trichilemmal-like keratinization that was unrelated to hair follicles. Each of these lesions most probably developed within a preexisting verruca vulgaris. PMID- 6231002 TI - Familial alopecia areata. HLA antigens and autoantibody formation in an American family. AB - Ten members of a white American family, spanning three generations, were studied. Three family members from two different generations were affected with hair loss. Two had alopecia universalis; one had alopecia areata. All subjects were HLA typed using 131 antiserum samples obtained from multiparous female donors defining 41 HLA-A and HLA-B antigen specificities. Six haplotypes were identified. The affected persons and four other family members shared a common haplotype, HLA-A2,B40. The OKT4 (helper), OKT8 (suppressor-cytotoxic) cells, OKT4 OKT8 (helper-suppressor-cytotoxic) ratios and the percentage of B cells found were comparable for both the 12 control subjects and the family members studied. However, family members showed increased autoantibody formation, decreased T-cell percentages, and concanavalin A-induced suppression of the normal lymphocyte response to mitogens. PMID- 6231003 TI - Alopecia mucinosa. Report of a case with diffuse alopecia and normal-appearing scalp skin. AB - A 69-year-old man had reversible generalized thinning of the scalp hair and normal-appearing scalp skin that proved to be secondary to follicular mucinosis. This case illustrates that when mild degrees of follicular degeneration and inflammation occur in this disorder, physical findings other than alopecia may be absent. In rare instances, follicular mucinosis can occur as a chronic diffuse noncicatricial alopecia. PMID- 6231004 TI - Fixed drug eruption. A brief review. AB - Fixed drug eruption (FDE) is a distinctive variant of drug-induced dermatoses with characteristic recurrence at the same site of the skin or mucous membranes. The clinical and laboratory features of FDE are reviewed herein and possible pathogenetic mechanisms are discussed. PMID- 6231005 TI - Fixed drug eruption to bacampicillin (ampicillin). PMID- 6231006 TI - Total aortic replacement for chronic aortic dissection occurring in patients with and without Marfan's syndrome. AB - Total aortic replacement including aortic valve was performed successfully in the two patients in whom this method of treatment was utilized to correct a chronic dissecting aortic aneurysm. Both patients had moderately severe aortic insufficiency producing increasing heart strain and progressive enlargement of the false lumen of aortic dissection involving the entire aorta despite ideal blood pressure control. In addition, one patient had Marfan's syndrome. The surgical treatment for both patients was performed in two stages. At the first operation, cardiopulmonary bypass, profound hypothermia, and circulatory arrest were employed while the aortic valve and the ascending and transverse aortic arch were replaced and the coronary and brachiocephalic vessels were reattached to the composite valve-graft used for replacement. At the second operation, the entire descending thoracic and abdominal aortic segments were replaced with a graft and the intercostal, lumbar, and visceral arteries reattached thereto. Left vocal cord paralysis occurred in both patients and transient mild paraparesis occurred in only one. Both patients are alive and well, one at 13 months and one at 6 weeks. This experience suggests an additional treatment modality for selected patients with complications of chronic aortic dissection. PMID- 6231007 TI - Clinical and hemodynamic determinants of left ventricular dimensions. AB - This study was designed to quantitate the influence of 20 clinical, hemodynamic, and volume determinants of left ventricular (LV) structure. Systemic hemodynamics, intravascular volume, and LV echocardiographic measurements were collected in a heterogeneous population of 171 patients. Stepwise multiple regression analysis indicated that body weight and body-surface area were the most powerful determinants of LV chamber size, wall thickness, and muscle mass. Age, a pressure independent determinant of myocardial mass, had no influence on chamber size or LV function. Arterial pressure correlated best with the relative wall thickness and chamber volume. Intravascular volume was a major discriminator for chamber volume, LV mass, and velocity of circumferential fiber shortening. It is concluded that body weight, arterial pressure, intravascular volume, and age are each independent determinants of the LV dimension. Systolic pressure most closely correlated with relative wall thickness and thereby is the best predictor of degree of concentric LV hypertrophy. PMID- 6231008 TI - Academy presidential address. Quality of life: the physician's dilemma. PMID- 6231009 TI - Acne vulgaris in adolescence. PMID- 6231010 TI - [Immune complex diseases]. AB - Immune complex diseases (ICD) include different diseases of infectious and noninfectious origin in the pathogenesis of which the leading role belongs to immune complexes circulating in the blood stream. Three variants of the ICD course are distinguished: fulminant, acute, and chronic. The main morphological manifestation of ICD is vasculitis (in the fulminant course- microangiothrombopathy) and its consequences in the form of various circulation disorders. Renal glomeruli are frequently involved (glomerulonephritis). Immunopathologic reactions in the form of hypersensitivity reaction or inhibition of immune response are important in ICD. PMID- 6231011 TI - Cultured fibroblasts in Huntington's disease. PMID- 6231012 TI - Evoked potentials in Huntington's disease. A comparative and longitudinal study. AB - Pattern-reversal visual (PRVEPs), brain-stem auditory (BAEPs), and somatosensory (SSEPs) evoked potentials were studied in 12 patients with Huntington's disease (HD) and were repeated in eight at one and two years. The mean cortical SSEP amplitude was decreased compared with that of age-matched controls, with a trend of decreasing amplitude with increasing duration and severity of illness. The SSEP latency was not significantly different from that of controls. The PRVEPs and BAEPs were normal. The serial studies showed a progressive decrease in amplitude of the SSEP over a two-year period. These neurophysiological findings may reflect the pathological involvement of the thalamus reported for HD. While evoked potentials are not of use in individual case diagnosis, the SSEP may be an objective physiological method for following the course of the disease in HD and the effects of therapeutic intervention in patient populations. PMID- 6231013 TI - Association of rosacea and keratoconjunctivitis sicca. AB - Sixty consecutive patients with active ocular rosacea underwent Schirmer's test without anesthesia. A randomly selected group of 120 patients without rosacea, matched for age and sex, served as controls. The prevalence of dry eyes was significantly greater in the patients with rosacea. The coexistence of keratoconjunctivitis sicca and ocular rosacea probably causes a high level of symptoms that lead patients to examination and recognition. PMID- 6231014 TI - AIDS and dentistry: clarifying the connection. PMID- 6231015 TI - The nurse's role in caring for the patient receiving experimental regional hyperthermia. PMID- 6231016 TI - Patient instructions for the collection of semen for analysis. PMID- 6231017 TI - Evaluating the merits of a new non-adhesive urostomy appliance. PMID- 6231018 TI - Internal ureteral stents: nursing care guidelines. PMID- 6231019 TI - Zearalenone intoxication of pigs. AB - Mycotoxicosis due to ingestion of zearalenone was detected on 2 pig farms on the Atherton Tableland in northern Queensland. In one herd of 200 pigs, this resulted from feeding maize which had been stored with a high moisture content. In the other herd of 1400 pigs, it resulted from feeding sorghum grain which was rain affected before harvest. Concentrations of zearalenone in the feeds ranged up to 8 mg/kg. Most prepubertal gilts in the herds displayed enlarged teats and signs of oestrus such as having red, swollen vulvas. In several cases both rectal and vaginal prolapses occurred. On one of the farms, 25 pigs died as a direct result of prolapses. Autopsy of a 3-month-old gilt revealed apparently enlarged ovaries and uterine horns. Sows and boars seemed to be unaffected. Four gilts failed to conceive following mating during the period of zearalenone ingestion, but apart from this and the deaths from prolapses, production of the herds appeared to be unaffected. PMID- 6231020 TI - Allelic studies of the amylose-extender locus of Zea mays L.: levels of the starch branching enzymes. PMID- 6231021 TI - Modification of yeast phosphofructokinase with pyridoxal 5'-phosphate. AB - Modification of yeast phosphofructokinase (E.C. 2.7.1.11) with pyridoxal 5' phosphate leads to a decreased enzyme activity. ATP at higher concentrations protects the enzyme against inactivation, while fructose 6-phosphate has no effect. At relatively low concentrations of pyridoxal phosphate the inhibition of activity by ATP was decreased or even abolished. AMP still activates the modified enzyme pointing to a separate binding site in the regulatory centre. The dissociation of the phosphopyridoxyl enzyme in products with apparent sedimentation coefficients of about 4-6 S gives evidence that lysine might be involved in the stabilization of the quaternary structure of yeast phosphofructokinase. The incorporation of pyridoxal phosphate in the 17 S form of yeast phosphofructokinase as obtained by a partial proteolysis does not show differences from the 20 S, proteolytically unmodified enzyme. PMID- 6231022 TI - Metabolite-induced activation of hepatic phosphofructokinase. AB - Hepatic phosphofructokinase, isolated in a medium containing 100 mM (NH4)2SO4, can be activated by ATP. This metabolite-induced activation was investigated in view of the suggestion that it is related to phosphorylation of phosphofructokinase. The results obtained do not support this interpretation. Inhibitors of protein phosphatases (NaF) and kinases (the Mg++-chelator, ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid) did not affect the recovery of phosphofructokinase. In contrast, media of high ionic strength reduced the phosphofructokinase activity and rendered the enzyme sensitive to ATP-induced activation. Activation was also induced by other known effectors of phosphofructokinase (nucleoside triphosphates, fructose bisphosphates) and was not dependent on Mg++-ions. It is suggested that activation represents ligand-induced reversal of the inactivation of phosphofructokinase which occurs at high ionic strength. The differential sensitivity of phosphofructokinase from fed or starved animals to inactivation and reactivation is discussed. PMID- 6231023 TI - ADP-ribosylation of isolated rat islets of Langerhans. AB - Incubation of isolated rat islets of Langerhans with [adenine-2,8-3H]NAD+ results in rapid incorporation of 3H into acid-insoluble products. The major site of incorporation appears to be the cell membrane. The reaction is inhibited by nicotinamide, an ADP-ribosylation inhibitor, and stimulated by arginine, an ADP ribose acceptor. The results demonstrate that islet membrane proteins can be ADP ribosylated in the absence of exogenous ADP-ribosylating agents and suggest that ADP-ribosylation plays a role in pancreatic islet cell function. PMID- 6231024 TI - Ca2+-activated, phospholipid-dependent protein kinase catalyzes the phosphorylation of actin-binding proteins. AB - Chicken gizzard vinculin and filamin were found to be phosphorylated by Ca2+ activated, phospholipid-dependent protein kinase (protein kinase C). These two actin-binding proteins serve as substrates for protein kinase C specifically in the free form, whereas they are little phosphorylated by protein kinase C in the presence of F-actin. In contrast, alpha-actinin from chicken gizzard is less susceptible to phosphorylation by protein kinase C, either in the presence or in the absence of F-actin. In light of these data, the possibility that Ca2+ and phospholipid-dependent phosphorylation by protein kinase C may modulate the function of actin-binding proteins has to be considered. PMID- 6231025 TI - Platelet Ca2+-activated, phospholipid-dependent protein kinase: evidence for proteolytic activation of the enzyme in cells treated with phospholipase C1. AB - Incubation of human platelets with C. perfringens phospholipase C caused an increase in soluble protein kinase activity assayed in the presence of EGTA, and a decrease in Ca2+/phospholipid-dependent protein kinase activity. Fractionation of extracts on DEAE-cellulose columns showed that phospholipase C treatment resulted in a new peak of protein kinase active in the presence of EGTA. On Sephadex G-100 chromatography this enzyme eluted as a single peak of protein kinase activity of MW about 50,000. An extract from untreated platelets eluted as a single peak of Ca2+/phospholipid-dependent protein kinase of MW about 77,000. It was concluded that phospholipase C treatment resulted in the proteolysis of this latter enzyme to the lower MW form. PMID- 6231026 TI - Differential effects of thyrotropin on various glycosyltransferases in porcine thyroid cells. AB - Porcine thyroid cells were cultured with or without thyrotropin for 9 days. It is known that the hormone enhances the synthesis of thyroglobulin, with an increase in the content and stability of its m-RNA. We show in the present work that thyrotropin also stimulates a number of glycosyltransferases diversely situated along the process of N-glycosylation. The most increased was oligosaccharyltransferase, responsible for attachment to nascent peptides of preformed core carbohydrate sequences. The relatively low activity level of oligosaccharyltransferase and its preferential responsiveness to thyrotropin supports the possibility of a regulation point at this enzyme. PMID- 6231027 TI - Hexosaminidase A deficient adults: presence of alpha chain precursor in cultured skin fibroblasts. AB - Cultured skin fibroblasts from hexosaminidase A deficient adults synthesize the alpha and beta chain precursors of beta-hexosaminidase (EC 3.2.1.30) of the same molecular weight as that synthesized by normal fibroblasts. However, the amount of the alpha chain precursor is greatly reduced. The alpha chain precursor in secretions from these fibroblasts consists of 19% of the total beta hexosaminidase secreted compared to about 50% in normal cells. Attempts to increase the amount of detectable cellular alpha chain precursor by addition of protease inhibitors or extensive extraction methods have failed. Mature alpha chains were not detected. The presence of alpha chain precursor in fibroblasts from hexosaminidase A deficient adults can be used to distinguish between them and true Tay-Sachs disease homozygotes. PMID- 6231028 TI - Super-active analogs of growth hormone-releasing factor (1-29)-amide. AB - Human pancreatic growth hormone releasing factor (1-29)-amide [hpGRF (1-29)-NH2] and the following analogs: [D-Tyr-1]-hpGRF(1-29)-NH2, [D-Ala-2]-hpGRF(1-29)-NH2, [D-Asp-3]-hpGRF(1-29)-NH2, and [N-Ac-Tyr-1]-hpGRF (1-29)-NH2 were synthesized using solid phase methodology and tested for their ability to stimulate growth hormone (GH) secretion in the rat and the pig in vivo. [D-Ala-2]-hpGRF (1-29)-NH2 was approximately 50 times more potent than the parent molecule in eliciting GH secretion in the rat. The other analogs were less active, but all were more potent than the 1-29 amide in the rat. [D-Tyr-1]-hpGRF(1-29)-NH2 was 10 times more potent, [D-Asp-3]-hpGRF(1-29)-NH2 7 times more potent, and the acetylated molecule approximately 12 times more potent than hpGRF(1-29)-NH2. PMID- 6231029 TI - Dehydroepiandrosterone is a substrate for estradiol 17 beta-dehydrogenase from human placenta. AB - The enzyme estradiol 17 beta-dehydrogenase (17 beta-ED) [E.C.1.1.1.62] from human placenta was purified to homogeneity by the initial steps of a published procedure, followed by an affinity chromatography step in Reactive Blue 2 Sepharose, eluting with NADP. The pure enzyme is not specific for estrogenic substrates, it also catalyzes the oxidation-reduction of several androgens and progesterone (i.e. dehydroepiandrosterone, androstenedione, 5 alpha dihydrotestosterone, and 20 alpha-dihydroprogesterone). The comparison of the kinetic parameters for these substrates, shows that dehydroepiandrosterone could be a physiological ligand of the enzyme, and consequently involved in the control of its function in estrogen metabolism. PMID- 6231030 TI - Metabolic changes in fed rats caused by chronic administration of ethyl 2[5(4 chlorophenyl)pentyl]oxirane-2-carboxylate, a new hypoglycaemic compound. AB - Ethyl 2[5(4-chlorophenyl)pentyl]oxirane-2-carboxylate (POCA) is strongly hypoglycaemic in fasted normal and diabetic rats [H. P. O. Wolf, K. Eistetter and G. Ludwig, Diabetologia 22, 456 (1982)]. POCA was fed for 12 weeks to rats on a standard low-fat (3%) diet at levels of 0.05% and 0.2% to give daily intakes of about 50 and 200 mg/per kg body-wt respectively. This is much more than effective hypoglycaemic doses in fasted rats (5-10 mg/kg body-wt). The animals appeared healthy but they had slightly decreased rates of weight gain compared with the controls. POCA caused a 15% increase in the weight of the myocardium and accumulation of lipid in the liver. Chronic administration of POCA did not cause any large changes in water-soluble blood metabolite concentrations, although VLDL triacylglycerol and both VLDL and HDL cholesterol concentrations were lowered. There were only small changes in some metabolites of the glycolytic and gluconeogenic pathways and the citrate cycle in liver and skeletal muscle. ATP concentrations were maintained in all groups. There were 2- to 3-fold increases in the total content of CoA and of carnitine and their acylated forms. POCA feeding caused small decreases in LPL activities in heart and had variable effects in adipose tissue. POCA was also fed to a few rats on a high fat (30%) diet for 4 weeks. Only small changes in blood, liver and muscle metabolite concentrations were found, except for large increases in the liver CoA and carnitine contents. It was concluded that POCA does not cause large perturbations of glucose homeostasis, or acute toxic effects, during 12 weeks administration to normal animals at high dose levels. The very-long term importance of accumulation of lipid in liver; increase in myocardial weight; and also of hepatic peroxisomal proliferation [A. J. Bone, H. S. A. Sherratt, D. M. Turnbull and H. Osmundsen, Biochem. biophys. Res. Commun. 104, 708 (1982)] cannot yet be determined. The possible use of POCA and related compounds in the chemotherapy of diabetes merits further investigation. PMID- 6231032 TI - Dysfunction of the sarcoplasmic reticulum in polymyositis. AB - The transport of calcium in vesicles of sarcoplasmic reticulum isolated from muscle specimens from 6 patients with early, active polymyositis and from 11 controls was examined. The time courses of calcium uptake and calcium-dependent ATPase activity were measured simultaneously. Calcium uptake by sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles from patients with polymyositis was 50% less than that by vesicles from controls (P less than 0.001). In contrast, no difference in calcium dependent ATPase activity was noted between vesicles from patients with polymyositis and controls. The demonstrated defect may be important in the pathogenesis of muscle weakness in polymyositis. PMID- 6231031 TI - Cetiedil inhibition of calmodulin-stimulated enzyme activity. AB - Cetiedil, an in vitro anti-sickling agent, inhibited calmodulin-stimulated cyclic 3':5'-nucleotide phosphodiesterase (EC 3.1.4.17) and Ca2+-ATPase (ATP phosphohydrolase, EC 3.6.1.3) activities. The drug had no effect on basal enzyme activities in the absence of calmodulin. The inhibition of phosphodiesterase was competitive with respect to the concentrations of both cAMP and calmodulin. Cetiedil did not inhibit calmodulin-stimulated enzyme activities by acting as a calcium chelator, since increasing the concentration of calcium did not reverse the inhibitory effect. PMID- 6231033 TI - PL 94-142 state child counts. PMID- 6231034 TI - [Treatment and incidence of amblyopia in the pre-school population, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil]. PMID- 6231035 TI - [Information systems for births and mortality in Latin American and Caribbean countries]. PMID- 6231036 TI - [The Abraham Horwitz prize: Dr. Martin M. Cummings]. PMID- 6231038 TI - [Morphologico-morphometric relief of the testis in Down's syndrome]. AB - Four cases of Down's syndrome in new-born have been thoroughly studied on the histological and morphometrical point of view. It is outlined the presence in the seminiferous tubules of abnormal spermatogonia, sometimes multinucleated and characterized by a prominent nucleolus. The Authors emphasize the conspicuous number of these hypertrophic (H) spermatogonia (usually very scanty in normal new born) never reported in the Down's syndrome before, whose significance is not easy to explain: if they represent anomalous forms of spermatogonial cells, related to the malformative condition, or a premalignant aspect is then discussed. Morphometrical measurements of the average tubular diameter (D.T.M.) and spermatogonia content have been calculated; furthermore a microprocessor system is employed for evaluating nuclear diameter, perimeter and area not only in H spermatogonia, but also in the other germ cells observed (A and P). PMID- 6231037 TI - [Changes in plasma concentrations of adrenal androgens in patients with chronic renal insufficiency]. AB - The present study points out that the CHRONIC RENAL FAILURE (CRF) represents a situation of decreased adrenal function: at least for delta 5 Steroids which are markedly reduced when compared with normal subjects. Peripheral plasma levels of Pregnenolone (delta 5 P) ranged in CRF between 190 and 860 pg/ml; Dehydroepiandrosterone-sulphate (DHA-S) 0.1-2.2 ng/ml and Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHA) 200-3100 pg/ml. Cortisol was in the normal range or slightly elevated (70 175 ng/ml). A significant correlation between basal concentration and the time of dialysis was observed. It is interesting to notice how the phase levels of delta 5 P, DHA-S and DHA are reduced ad from the beginning of the haemodialysis treatment and that during such a treatment a further progressive decrease occurs reaching concentrations with are similar to those found in pre-puberty. This phenomenon appears to be the evidence of a progressive metabolic involution of the adrenal gland due to the exhaustion of enzymatic activities and of receptorial structures. Furthermore, these results suggest speculation on interrelationship between adrenal and gonadal activity in these patients. PMID- 6231039 TI - Myofibrillar ATPase activity of lateral muscle from the catfish and mullet. AB - The histochemical and biochemical myofibrillar ATPase activities of red and white muscle of the catfish and mullet have been investigated. The histochemical reactions confirmed the typical pattern of red and white muscle and the absence of growing fibers in the white muscle of the mullet. Biochemical assay were used to determine the ATPase activity of red and white muscle myofibrils. Ratios of white muscle activity/red muscle activity were found to 2.2 in the mullet and 2.3 in the catfish. The myofibrillar ATPase activity of mullet was less thermostable than that of catfish but is still in the range for fish leaving in warm waters. PMID- 6231040 TI - [Echo-polycardiographic study in rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 6231041 TI - Use of the exercise maximal ST segment/heart rate slope in assessing the results of coronary angioplasty. AB - A new exercise test was used to assess the effects of coronary angioplasty in 22 patients. Twenty five angioplasty procedures were performed and the exercise maximal ST segment/heart rate slope was measured before and after operation on 23 occasions; in two patients treated for unstable angina the slope was measured only after the two procedures. Successful angioplasty (23 of the 25 procedures) resulted in a significant reduction of the maximal ST/HR slope, usually falling by the equivalent of single vessel disease according to previously published criteria. When angioplasty produced little angiographic change (two of the 25 procedures) the maximal ST/HR slope was not significantly altered. A second, and successful, angioplasty for these two patients led to a significant reduction of the maximal ST/HR slope. Twelve patients were restudied by coronary angiography and exercise testing approximately six months after angioplasty. Of these, six had experienced recurrent chest pain, and the exercise test successfully identified the three who had restenoses and the three who did not. Thus the maximal ST/HR slope was useful as a non-invasive and accurate method for following the progress of individual patients after coronary angioplasty. PMID- 6231042 TI - Analysis of blood flow in pulmonary hypertension with the pulsed Doppler flowmeter combined with cross sectional echocardiography. AB - Blood flow patterns were analysed at nine points in the pulmonary area using the pulsed Doppler technique combined with cross-sectional echocardiography in 53 patients with heart disease and 10 healthy subjects. In subjects with a normal pulmonary artery pressure the blood flow pattern in systole showed a gradual acceleration and deceleration with a rounded summit in mid systole, designated the round type. In patients with pulmonary hypertension it showed a rapid acceleration and early deceleration with a sharp peak in early systole, designated the triangular type. The acceleration time index, defined as the ratio of the time interval from the beginning to the peak of ejection to the ejection time, showed a significant inverse correlation with mean pulmonary artery pressure. In pulmonary hypertension a prominent reverse flow occurred in the right posterior part of the pulmonary trunk during mid-systole and early diastole, indicating the presence of a vortex. Similar flow patterns were also seen in patients with idiopathic pulmonary artery dilatation. The factors responsible for the triangular type were principally the reduced capacitance and increased impedance of the pulmonary vascular tree. Those responsible for the reverse flow were the curved path of the blood flow and dilatation of the pulmonary artery. PMID- 6231043 TI - Modification of aspects of the endocrine response to tracheal intubation by lignocaine, halothane and thiopentone. AB - The effects of two different concentrations of halothane (0.5 or 1.5%) and two different doses of thiopentone (4.5 or 10 mg kg-1) on the plasma concentrations of cortisol, growth hormone (GH) and prolactin (PRL) were studied in response to the stress of tracheal intubation. Additionally, the effect of the intratracheal administration of 4% lignocaine spray 2 ml was investigated. The study group included 48 healthy women. During a "light" level of halothane and thiopentone anaesthesia, the plasma concentration of cortisol increased in response to tracheal intubation in the patients who did not receive intratracheal analgesia. Topical analgesia with lignocaine prevented the increase in cortisol concentration and this would seem to indicate that the increase was caused by the stress of laryngoscopy and intubation. At a deeper level of halothane anaesthesia, and in association with the larger dose of thiopentone the increase in cortisol concentration was suppressed. GH did not change from the preanaesthetic value in any group and there were no differences between the control group and the study groups. PRL increased significantly in all groups. Increasing the dose of thiopentone caused a further increase in PRL concentration which indicated a direct stimulatory action of thiopentone on PRL release. PMID- 6231044 TI - Comparison of the resistances of double-lumen endobronchial tubes. AB - The resistance of commonly-used double-lumen endobronchial tubes were measured and a detailed comparison made. Robertshaw tubes were generally found to have a lower resistance than either the Carlens or the White tubes of equivalent size, but this was not so in every case. The White tubes had a disproportionately high resistance associated with the upper lobe orifice when compared with the resistance of the right main orifice. Theoretically this could lead to uneven ventilation of the right lung. This was not found to be the case in the right sided Robertshaw tube. PMID- 6231046 TI - Factors associated with graft rejection after HLA-identical marrow transplantation for aplastic anaemia. AB - One hundred and seventy-five consecutive patients with severe aplastic anaemia were given high-dose cyclophosphamide followed by marrow grafts from healthy, HLA identical family members, and 168 lived long enough to show engraftment. In 38 patients the graft was rejected and 29 of these died. This analysis, using a binary logistic regression model, was aimed at identifying factors that predicted marrow graft rejection. Five factors correlated with graft rejection: (1) previous blood transfusion; (2) a positive relative response in mixed leucocyte culture indicating sensitization of patient against donor; (3) a low number of marrow cells used for transplantation; (4) marrow grafts from male donors; and (5) lack of infusion of viable donor buffy coat cells in addition to the marrow for transfused patients. The findings confirm the importance of transplanting early before transfusion and indicate that the greatest possible amount of donor marrow (supplemented by stem cells/lymphoid cells derived from the peripheral blood) should be obtained. PMID- 6231045 TI - Spontaneous and Concanavalin A-induced suppressor activity in control and Hodgkin's disease patients. AB - Indirect evidence suggests that abnormal regulation of B cells exists in Hodgkin's disease (HD) due, perhaps, to the sequestration of regulatory T lymphocyte subpopulations in the spleen in this condition. Other work implicates the B-cell itself in this abnormality. In this study we have attempted to measure regulatory T-cell function by quantitating spontaneous and Concanavalin A(Con A) induced suppressor activity in T-enriched spleen cells from control and HD spleens for pokeweed mitogen(PWM)-induced immunoglobulin (Ig) production. Using this polyclonal system, HD patients' spleen T-lymphocytes could not be shown to differ markedly from the control series. Cells capable of spontaneous and mitogen induced modulation of Ig synthesis were present in both populations and showed a reciprocal relationship implying the activation of the same cell type. In this respect HD and control spleen resembled peripheral blood. A limited parallel investigation of PWM-regulatory activity in cells from spleen and peripheral blood from individual patients was also undertaken. Individual patients showed wide variation in suppression between the two compartments and, therefore, measurements of functional capacity in blood alone may not provide a true estimate of total regulatory capacity in lymphoma patients. PMID- 6231047 TI - Mechanisms of deoxyadenosine toxicity in human lymphoid cells in vitro: relevance to the therapeutic use of inhibitors of adenosine deaminase. AB - Deoxyadenosine (AdR) appears to be central to the molecular events mediating immunodeficiency in children born with adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency but it is still uncertain whether lymphotoxicity is due to AdR directly inhibiting transmethylation reactions in which S-adenosylmethionine is the methyl group donor, or is due to phosphorylation of AdR to deoxyadenosine triphosphate (dATP) which then inhibits ribonucleotide reductase or is due to other mechanisms. Using AdR and the ADA inhibitor deoxycoformycin (dCF) and assessing cell viability, nucleoside incorporation into RNA and DNA, as well as measuring deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate (dNTP) concentrations and S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) hydrolase activity, we have studied various types of human lymphoid cells and demonstrated in them the relative importance of the above two mechanisms of AdR toxicity. Treatment of normal resting peripheral blood lymphocytes in culture with AdR and dCF resulted in impaired viability. Although elevated dATP levels as well as decreased SAH hydrolase activities were both observed, the failure of a known inhibitor of ribonucleotide reductase (hydroxyurea) to produce toxicity, and the inability of deoxycytidine (CdR) to achieve a rescue effect, point to another mechanism, possibly inhibition of trans-methylation or ATP depletion being the more likely causes of toxicity in resting lymphocytes. The same mechanism may well account for the rapid and severe lymphopenia in patients treated with dCF. On the other hand, in cultured lymphoblasts in the exponential phase of growth. AdR and dCF produced marked inhibition of growth and cell death both in a Thy-ALL line and in a c-ALL line, in the absence of significant inhibition of SAH hydrolase, but with a substantial elevation in dATP concentrations and depressed levels of the other dNTP. Minor toxicity occurred in a proliferating B lymphoblast line despite almost complete inactivation of SAH hydrolase. These observations indicate inhibition of ribonucleotide reductase as the more likely mechanism of toxicity in rapidly proliferating lymphocytes. Other T-cells actively synthesizing DNA, such as PHA-stimulated or MLC activated lymphocytes and T-lymphoid colony forming cells, are also likely to be affected by the same mechanism. Indeed in PHA-stimulated lymphocytes, deoxycytidine caused significant although incomplete rescue from toxicity due to dCF and AdR. In patients with ADA deficiency or treated with ADA inhibitors, both mechanisms could be operative. These observations are also relevant to the possible use of dCF and AdR as immunosuppressive agents and for the removal of T-cells or residual Thy-ALL blasts from bone marr PMID- 6231048 TI - Inhibition of tryptophan metabolism by oestrogens in the rat: a factor in the aetiology of pellagra. AB - The effect of the administration of oestrone sulphate on tryptophan metabolism has been assessed in rats in order to determine whether and to what extent inhibition of tryptophan metabolism by oestrogens may be a factor in the aetiology of pellagra, and might explain the reported twofold excess of females over males in many outbreaks of pellagra. Feeding ovariectomized rats for 1 week on a diet containing 15 mg oestrone sulphate/kg led to significant inhibition of kynurenine hydroxylase (EC 1.14.13.9), kynureninase (EC 3.7.1.3) and 3 hydroxyanthranilate oxidase (EC 1.13.11.6). There was also a significant increase in plasma tryptophan, suggesting decreased activity of tryptophan oxygenase (EC 1.13.11.11). This inhibition of tryptophan metabolism will result in a considerable reduction in the synthesis of the nicotinamide nucleotide coenzymes (NAD and NADP) from tryptophan. When ovariectomized rats were maintained for 4 weeks on a diet providing no preformed niacin and only a marginally adequate amount of tryptophan (1030 mg/kg), the addition of sulphate to the diet led to a significant reduction in the liver content of nicotinamide nucleotides and the urinary excretion of the end-product of NAD metabolism, N1-methyl nicotinamide. It is suggested that when the diet is only marginally adequate in tryptophan and niacin, inhibition of tryptophan metabolism by endogenous or administered oestrogens may be an additional factor in the development of pellagra. PMID- 6231049 TI - Circular dichroism and nucleotide and phosphate-induced conformational changes of mitochondrial adenosinetriphosphatase. AB - The conformational changes induced by the binding of different effectors on F1 ATPase are investigated by using circular dichroism and are related to enzyme activity. The hydrophilic part of the terminal enzyme of oxidative phosphorylation, F1-ATPase, solubilized from the pig heart mitochondrial membrane contains both regulatory and catalytic sites which can bind nucleotides and phosphate. The circular dichroic spectra of F1-ATPase in the absence or in the presence of ADP, Mg2+, phosphate, and the substrate analogue guanosine 5'-(beta, gamma-imidotriphosphate) [GMP-P-(NH)P] were recorded and analyzed in terms of secondary structure. The most significant result is a sizable increase from 35% to 42% of the alpha-helix content when the enzyme is incubated with all the effectors. Since the kinetic study showed that GMP-P(NH)P is a competitive inhibitor of MgATP with or without preincubation of the enzyme with ADP and phosphate, it was concluded that the catalytic and regulatory sites can be simultaneously occupied by ADP and GMP-P-(NH)P. The increase of alpha-helix content is then interpreted by a conformational change that occurs only after occupation of both types of sites. PMID- 6231050 TI - Studies on the mechanism of action of local anesthetics on proton translocating ATPase from Mycobacterium phlei. AB - We have measured the inhibitory potencies of local anesthetics (procaine, lidocaine, tetracaine and dibucaine) on ATP-mediated H+-translocation, Ca2+ transport and ATPase activity in membrane vesicles from Mycobacterium phlei. Procaine and lidocaine up to 1 mM concentration did not inhibit ATP-dependent H+ translocation, Ca2+-transport and ATPase activity. However, tetracaine and dibucaine at 0.2 mM concentration caused dissipation of the proton gradient, measured by the reversal of the quenching of fluorescence of quinacrine, and inhibition of active Ca2+-transport. Tetracaine (1 mM) inhibited membrane-bound ATPase activity without affecting solubilized F1-ATPase activity. Studies show that these local anesthetics do not prevent the inactivation of F0-F1 ATPase by dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCCD). Binding of [14C]DCCD to F0-proteolipid component remained unchanged in the presence of tetracaine indicating that DCCD and tetracaine do not share common binding sites on the F0-proteolipid sector. The inhibition of H+-translocation and membrane-bound ATPase activity by tetracaine was substantially additive in the presence of vanadate. PMID- 6231051 TI - The proton conducting F0-part of bacterial ATP synthases. PMID- 6231052 TI - Calmodulin regulation of the ATP-dependent calcium uptake by inverted vesicles prepared from rabbit synaptosomal plasma membranes. AB - Calmodulin has been shown to activate the ATP-dependent Ca2+ uptake in inside-out vesicles which have been prepared from rabbit synaptosomal plasma membranes by the methodology of Gill et al. (Gill, D.L., Grollman, E.F. and Kohn, L.D. (1981) J. Biol. Chem. 256, 184-192). Following extensive washings of these membranes with EGTA/EDTA solutions, the Ca2+ uptake activity demonstrated an affinity for calmodulin of 30 nM and an affinity for Ca2+ of 2 microM. The activity was completely inhibited by the anticalmodulin compound R24571 (Ki congruent to 8 microM). The molecular weight of the ATPase molecule, revealed by a combination of the [125I]calmodulin overlay technique and [32P]phosphoenzyme electrophoresis, was 145 000. The overlay technique also revealed that the mechanism of activation is via a direct binding of calmodulin to the pump molecule. PMID- 6231053 TI - Photodynamic effects of hematoporphyrin-derivative on transmembrane transport systems of murine L929 fibroblasts. AB - Photodynamic treatment of murine L929 fibroblasts with hematoporphyrin-derivative causes deterioration of various membrane functions. Most sensitive to photodynamic inactivation are the energy-coupled transport systems for aminoisobutyric acid and for Rb+. The facilitated diffusion system for 2-deoxy-D glucose is slightly less sensitive. After longer illumination periods also the membrane barrier function is impaired, as reflected by K+ leakage and increased passive Rb+ uptake. After still longer illumination periods intermolecular protein crosslinking can be observed. This makes it unlikely that intermolecular protein crosslinking is causally involved in the deterioration of these membrane functions. PMID- 6231054 TI - Terminations of DNA synthesis on 'proflavine and light'-treated phi X174 single stranded DNA. AB - Bacteriophage phi X174 single-stranded DNA molecules were primed with five different restriction fragments and irradiated with visible light in the presence of proflavine. This photodamaged DNA was used as template for the in vitro complementary chain synthesis by E. coli DNA polymerase I (Klenow fragment). Chain terminations were observed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the synthesized products and localized by comparison with standard sequencing performed simultaneously on the untreated template. 90% of the chain terminations occurred one nucleotide before a guanine residue in the template strand. More than 80% of the sequenced guanine residues were blocking lesions demonstrating the absence of 'hot-spots' for the photodamaging effect of proflavine. At a defined position, the chain termination frequency increased linearly with the irradiation time and was directly influenced by the proflavine concentration present. An important part of lesions resulted from the action of singlet oxygen produced by excited proflavine as shown by the effect that both NaN3 and 2H2O exerted on the reaction. The induced blocking lesions must be important in vivo since no complete replicative forms could be extracted from cell infected with bacteriophages inactivated by 'proflavine and light' treatment. PMID- 6231055 TI - Selective incorporation of docosahexaenoic acid in rat brain. AB - The incorporation of [14C]docosahexaenoic acid (22:6) into various lipid classes was compared with that of [3H]arachidonic acid (20:4) in developing rat brains in order to characterize the retention of 22:6. The percentage distribution of 20:4 in neutral glycerides was similar to the mass distribution and, of the phospholipids, 20:4 was incorporated into choline glycerophospholipids and inositol glycerophospholipids in relatively higher amounts. The incorporation of labeled 22:6 differed from that of 20:4, as it was incorporated into ethanolamine glycerophospholipids and triacylglycerols in greater amounts in comparison with its mass distribution. Further division of ethanolamine glycerophospholipids into diacyl, alkylacyl and alkenylacyl types revealed that the high incorporation of radioactive 22:6 in ethanolamine glycerophospholipids was predominantly due to its rapid incorporation into diacyl and alkylacyl compounds. The distributions of both radioactively labeled 20:4 and 22:6 among the three types of ethanolamine glycerophospholipids were compared with those of radioactively labeled glycerol. The value of [3H]20:4/[3H]glycerol was much higher in alkenylacyl-GPE than in alkylacyl-GPE, and this indicates that 20:4 is incorporated into alkenylacyl-GPE by a deacylation-reacylation mechanism. In addition, [14C]22:6 was incorporated into ether-linked ethanolamine phospholipids in a similar manner to 20:4. This observation suggests that 22:6 may be incorporated into alkenylacyl-GPE by the same rearranging system, while another possibility is that preferential synthesis of hexaene species may occur in the desaturation of alkylacyl-GPE. PMID- 6231056 TI - Creatine kinase in regulation of heart function and metabolism. I. Further evidence for compartmentation of adenine nucleotides in cardiac myofibrillar and sarcolemmal coupled ATPase-creatine kinase systems. AB - In isolated and purified cardiac myofibrillar and sarcolemmal preparations, the route of movement of ADP produced in the Mg2+-ATPase reactions was studied by investigating the efficiency of competition between the endogenous creatine kinase and exogenous pyruvate kinase reactions. In the homogeneous control system composed of hexokinase and glucose as ATPase, soluble creatine kinase rapidly rephosphorylated ADP produced in the presence of 1 mM ATP, but the addition of pyruvate kinase in an increasing amount inhibited the reaction of creatine release from phosphocreatine and symmetrically increased the rate of pyruvate production from phosphoenol pyruvate. At a pyruvate-kinase/creatine-kinase activity ratio (PK/CK) of 50, all ADP was used by the pyruvate kinase. In myofibrillar and sarcolemmal preparations containing particulate creatine kinase, the creatine kinase reaction was much less efficiently suppressed by pyruvate kinase, and at PK/CK = 50 half-maximal release of creatine was still observed. The rate of immediate myofibrillar MgADP rephosphorylation in the endogenous creatine-kinase reaction was observed to be governed by the concentration of phosphocreatine in accordance with the kinetics of this enzyme. The physiological significance of these findings is discussed. PMID- 6231057 TI - [Mechanism of tocopherol stabilization of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase from thermodenaturation activated by fatty acids]. AB - The stabilizing effect of alpha-tocopherol on the enzymatic system of Ca2+ transport in sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) membranes of rabbit skeletal muscle was studied. Exogenous fatty acids (e. g. arachidonic) cause destabilization of the enzymatic Ca2+ transport system by decreasing the thermal stability of Ca2+ dependent ATPase and the Ca2+-transport ability (Ca/ATP ratio) of SR membranes. Incorporation of alpha-tocopherol into SR membranes increases the thermal stability of the enzymatic Ca2+ transport system exposed to the damaging action of free fatty acids. Using differential scanning microcalorimetry, it was shown that arachidonic acid causes a shift of the maximum on the curve for the temperature dependence of specific thermal capacity of SR membranes towards the low temperature region. Under a combined action of arachidonic acid and alpha tocopherol the position of the maxima on the temperature dependence curve for specific thermal capacity of SR membranes is close to the control value. A quantitative estimation of the values of molar enthalpies for SR membrane thermodenaturation demonstrated that the melting of Ca2+-dependent ATPase, the main intrinsic protein of SR membranes, is biphasic. The data obtained are discussed in terms of hypothetical mechanisms of protection of the enzymatic Ca2+ transport system against the damaging action of free fatty acids. PMID- 6231059 TI - The importance of hydrolytic enzymes to an exocytotic event, the mammalian sperm acrosome reaction. PMID- 6231058 TI - Assessment of cell damage caused by spontaneous lipid peroxidation in rabbit spermatozoa. AB - Damage to the plasma membrane of rabbit epididymal spermatozoa during spontaneous lipid peroxidation was examined by means of trypan blue uptake and expression of activity of the intracellular enzymes, lactate dehydrogenase and pyruvate kinase. Both the dye uptake and the expression of enzyme activity probe cell damage from lipid peroxidation as loss of integrity of the plasma membrane. A linear correlation was obtained between trypan blue staining of the cells and malondialdehyde production, a quantifiable measure of the extent of lipid peroxidation. At the point of trypan blue staining of all cells, 0.5 nmol malondialdehyde/10(8) cells was produced. This is the same amount produced at the point of complete loss of motility and superoxide dismutase activity. We have defined this as the "lipoperoxidative lethal end point." Expression of lactate dehydrogenase and pyruvate kinase activities increased with time of aerobic incubation. In the high Na+ medium, NTP, in which lipid peroxidation is slow, there is a linear correlation between increase in expressed enzyme activities and malondialdehyde production. But in the high K+ medium, KTP, in which lipid peroxidation is rapid, there is an initial rapid rise in expressed enzyme activity over 3 h, followed by a slower increase. Activities of rabbit sperm lactate dehydrogenase, pyruvate kinase, and flagellar ATPase were unaffected by aerobic incubations for up to 48 h, double the incubation period used for the assay of enzymatic activities for the first two. The activity of glyceraldehyde-3 phosphate dehydrogenase decreased during aerobic incubation, the time course matching the loss of motility. The subcellular distribution of lactate dehydrogenase in rabbit spermatozoa was determined: 4% in the mitochondrial matrix, 10% in the plasma membrane and 85% in the cytosolic compartment. PMID- 6231060 TI - Statistical analysis of multilocus recombination. AB - A general formula for the frequency of different recombinant gamete types, in terms of the underlying distribution of crossovers, is derived. This formula may be applied to any theoretical model of recombination in which it is assumed that there is no chromatid interference. Multiple-locus recombination data may be evaluated by using this formula in conjunction with a maximum likelihood procedure. The validity of any model of recombination may be tested in such a fashion. The possibilities are demonstrated through application to a generalized noninterference model of crossing over described in a previous paper (Risch and Lange, 1979, Annals of Human Genetics 43, 61-70). PMID- 6231061 TI - Lack of a T-cell dependent subpopulation of macrophages in (dichloromethylene) diphosphonate-treated mice. AB - In Cl2MDP-osteopetrotic mice, one subpopulation of thioglycollate-induced peritoneal exudate macrophages (M phi) is missing. This subpopulation is precisely the one whose differentiation is known to be dependent on T lymphocytes, as it is also missing in the athymic nu/nu mice. Cl2MDP-induced osteopetrosis being partially attributable to deficient osteoclastic bone resorption, raises the possibility that this missing M phi subpopulation might represent the precursors of osteoclasts. It is suggested from this work that the interplays between T-cells and M phi, so well known in immunity and inflammation, may also be relevant to osteoclastic differentiation and therefore, to bone remodeling. PMID- 6231062 TI - Bioavailability studies with etodolac in dogs and man. AB - The effects of formulation, particle size, coadministration of food, antacids, or antiulcer agents on the bioavailability of etodolac (ULTRADOL, 1,8-diethyl 1,3,4,9-tetrahydropyrano[3,4-b]indole-1-acetic acid), a novel non-steroidal anti inflammatory agent, have been evaluated in dogs and man. The effects of dosage regimen and/or repetitive dosing on bioavailability were also determined. In man, capsule and tablet dosage forms containing micronized etodolac were shown to have a bioavailability (AUC) equal to that of the reference etodolac solution. Etodolac from tablets and capsules was rapidly absorbed since only minor decreases in Cmax and increases in tmax were observed compared to the etodolac solution. In a comparison of regular and micronized etodolac dosage forms, both in dogs and man, similar findings, i.e. no change in AUC but small parallel changes in Cmax and tmax, were noted. Administration of etodolac with food had no effect on etodolac bioavailability in dogs but tended to cause a delay in its absorption. Coadministration of an antacid, magaldrate, or the antiulcer agent, sucralfate, had no effect on the bioavailability of etodolac in dogs, although with the latter, a significant reduction in Cmax was noted. In man, etodolac may be administered as a single bolus dose or in divided (b.i.d.) doses without any loss in bioavailability. With either regimen, on repeat administration for 7 days, no etodolac accumulation was noted. PMID- 6231063 TI - [Comparative study of the effect of prolonged administration of nicotinic acid, nicotinamide and diethylnicotinamid (Cordiamin) on the rat liver monooxygenase system]. AB - Nicotinic acid (50 mg/kg), nicotinamide (50 mg/kg) administered to rats intragastrically for 45 days do not exert any effect on the activity and the content of liver microsomal monooxygenase. Diethylnicotinamide (cordiamine) given in an equimolar dose (73 mg/kg) increases the microsomal content of cytochromes P 450 and b5, activates oxidoreductase of the components of the NADP X H-dependent redox-chain of the microsomal membranes, speeds up N-demethylation of amidopyrine and p-hydroxylation of aniline. PMID- 6231064 TI - [Immunomodulating activity of p-hydroxyphenyllactic and ascorbic acids]. AB - p-Hydroxyphenyl lactic acid (PHA) in a concentration of 5 . 10(-5) M produced a significant inhibition of cell proliferation in response to alloantigens in a one way mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC) in colonic cancer patients and in blast transformation in response to suboptimal doses of Con A. Multiple administration of ascorbic acid in an optimal concentration to the culture increased the proliferative response of lymphocytes to alloantigens and Con A. PHA and ascorbic acid did not exhibit any immunomodulating action during the use of healthy donors' lymphocytes or lymphocytes from colonic cancer patients, transformed with optimal mitogen doses. PHA did not affect the production of cytotoxic T lymphocytes in the MLC of the spleens of allogeneic mice but inhibited lymphocyte proliferation in response to alloantigens in the MLC of the spleens obtained from B6 and vitamin A deficient animals. PMID- 6231065 TI - [Ultrastructural stereological analysis of acute myocardial hypertrophy of hypertensive etiology]. AB - The myocardium of Wistar rats was studied by electron microscopy after ligation of the renal artery resulting in a stable elevation of blood pressure. The ultrastructural data on the development of heart hypertrophy were described within 5 to 35 days after operation using the morphometric and stereological methods and correlation analysis. The hypertrophied cardiomyocytes showed a reduction in the ratio of the total volume density of the mitochondria, sarcoplasmic reticulum and T system to the volume density of myofibrils. It was discovered that hypertrophy of cardiomyocytes is marked by an increase in the sarcoplasmic reticulum rather than in myofibrils and other cell compartments, whereas the relative volume of mitochondria decreases. PMID- 6231066 TI - [Histochemical characteristics of transport ATPase in human brain capillaries]. AB - The Na+, K+-ATPase test was employed to detect the capillaries in fields 17,41 and 4 of human brain. Experiments were made in subjects distributed in 4 age groups (from 22 to 86 years). The test specificity was evidenced by three groups of factors: inhibition of vascular enzymatic activity by ouabain, its preservation upon the use of an alkaline phosphatase inhibitor, equal optimal conditions for the histochemical test and biochemical studies with a "pure" enzyme. With age the intensity of the metabolism regulated with transport ATPase (in field 17 by 46.3%) was decreased. This was mainly due to the increased number of the capillaries marked by poor enzymatic activity and to a considerable reduction of the number of the vessels having fairly high activity. PMID- 6231067 TI - T lymphocyte-mediated graft--antigraft reactivity during graft-versus-host reaction in vitro. AB - Spleen organ cultures were prepared from lethally irradiated mice that had been injected with allogeneic bone marrow, with or without lymph node cells. These cultures were used in the analysis of graft-versus-host reactions (GVHR) in vitro. It was found that donor-derived T lymphocytes, which had been grown in an allogeneic spleen, prevented hemopoietic progenitor cells (colony-forming cells, CFC) of the recipient from differentiating in agar cultures. Furthermore, these lymphocytes were found to inhibit growth and differentiation of CFCs of the same donor. This graft-antigraft reactivity was not abolished by monoclonal anti-Thy-1 plus complement (C'), in contrast to the conventional GVHR. This indicates that the graft-versus-graft reaction depends on "de novo" generation of mature T lymphocyte effector cells from transplanted graft precursors. PMID- 6231068 TI - Thrombin pretreatment of human platelets impairs thromboxane A2 synthesis from endogenous precursors in the presence of normal cyclooxygenase activity. AB - Exposure of horse platelets to thrombin has been reported to cause nearly complete inactivation of cyclooxygenase within 30 sec. This contrasts with the observation that human platelets, depleted of their granule constituents by stimulation with thrombin, still aggregate in response to arachidonic acid, a reaction presumably mediated by thromboxane A2 (TxA2) formation. Because of this conflicting evidence, TxA2 formation was measured by radioimmunoassay in washed human platelets depleted of their alpha- and dense-storage granule constituents by prior stimulation with thrombin. These platelets aggregated in response to adenosine diphosphate (ADP), collagen, arachidonic acid, and thrombin, and formed TxA2. However, collagen- and thrombin-induced TxA2 formation by these platelets was reduced in comparison to control platelets that had not been depleted of their storage granule constituents by prior thrombin stimulation. In contrast, arachidonic acid-induced TxA2 formation was not significantly different in thrombin-depleted and control platelets. These results demonstrate that thrombin can induce degranulation of platelets without concomitant inactivation of cyclooxygenase. PMID- 6231069 TI - Defective binding of the third component of complement (C3) to Streptococcus pneumoniae in multiple myeloma. AB - Patients with multiple myeloma (MM) are at an increased risk for infections with bacteria that require opsonization with complement. Because Streptococcus pneumoniae is the most frequently encountered pathogen in these patients, we investigated the ability of serum from patients with MM to mediate the binding of C3b, the major opsonin of the complement system, to S. pneumoniae. S. pneumoniae types 3, 14, and 25 were chosen for study, since S. pneumoniae type 3 activates primarily the classical complement pathway (CCP), type 25 primarily the alternative complement pathway (ACP), and type 14 both pathways. S. pneumoniae were treated with normal serum or serum from 17 patients with MM, and the bound C3b was quantified with fluorescein-conjugated anti-C3 in a spectrophotofluorometric assay. Despite normal or elevated serum concentrations of C3, total hemolytic complement, and C-reactive protein in all of the MM sera, factor B in 16/17 such sera, and C4 in 14/17 MM sera studied, all 17 sera demonstrated a defect in C3b binding to type 3 (32.7% +/- 6% of normal). In addition, serum from 15/17 patients bound decreased amounts of C3b to types 14 (39.6% +/- 8%) and 25 (52.2% +/- 8%). Mixing normal serum with MM serum restored MM C3b binding activity to all three S. pneumoniae types, suggesting that the defect was related to a deficiency rather than an inhibitor of C3 activation. Although MM patients are unable to produce specific antibodies to bacterial antigens, the addition of anti-S. pneumoniae antibodies to MM serum did not enhance C3b binding to any of the S. pneumoniae types. However, when S. pneumoniae were opsonized in a mixture of MM serum and C3-depleted normal serum, C3b binding was restored to all three S. pneumoniae types, demonstrating that MM C3 functions normally in the presence of other normal serum factors. In the present studies, the MM C3b binding defect appeared to correlate with the incidence of S. pneumoniae infections. Serum from patients with a history of an S. pneumoniae infection bound significantly less C3 (20.5% +/- 4%) than those study patients without a history of an S. pneumoniae infection (55.8% +/- 8%) (p less than 0.0025). Thus, MM serum has a defect in the activation of C3, and this may contribute to the increased susceptibility of MM patients to S. pneumoniae infections. PMID- 6231071 TI - Niacinamide in canned tomato sauce. PMID- 6231070 TI - Lack of T cell antigen expression on hairy cells of B cell origin after in vitro exposure to PHA. AB - The malignant monoclonal population in hairy cell leukemia (HCL) has been variously ascribed to be of myeloid, B, or even T cell origin. Recent data have been interpreted as suggesting that hairy cells (HC) may concomitantly or serially express both B and T surface determinants, a phenomenon which, if verified, would be unique among the lymphoproliferative malignancies. Data described here, however, demonstrate that (1) at least the majority of HCL are phenotypically of B cell derivation, and (2) the initial B cell phenotype is retained and solely expressed on cultured as well as phytohemagglutinin (PHA) activated monoclonal malignant HC. PMID- 6231072 TI - [New diagnostic approach to neurosurgical lumbosciatica. Therapeutic implications]. PMID- 6231073 TI - A new in vivo method for the measurement of repetitive anaphylactic responses in the guinea-pig. AB - The established Konzett-Rossler bronchorespiratory model has been combined with a unique ovalbumin sensitization procedure to give a novel method to measure anaphylaxis in the anaesthetized guinea-pig. Following antigen challenge, up to eight equal bronchoconstrictor responses to the same dose can be generated from a single animal over a 120 min period. Total inhibition of the anaphylactic response can be elicited by four different classes of compound, namely salbutamol, mepyramine, theophylline and dimaprit. Cromoglycate failed to cause any inhibition. The method is discussed with particular reference to the antigen sensitization procedure, which differs substantially from other regimens previously employed and gives rise to heat labile antibody. PMID- 6231074 TI - Nicorandil attenuates myocardial acidosis during coronary occlusion in dogs. AB - In dogs anaesthetized with pentobarbitone, the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) was partially occluded. Before and 30 min after partial occlusion, the myocardial pH was 7.52-7.54 and 6.89-6.91, respectively. Nicorandil (50 micrograms kg-1, i.v.) increased the pH that had been reduced by partial occlusion and this effect lasted at least 60 min. Thus nicorandil attenuates ischaemic myocardial acidosis. PMID- 6231075 TI - The treatment of chronic depression. An illustrative case. PMID- 6231076 TI - Traumatic diaphragmatic hernia: a new indication for laparoscopy. PMID- 6231077 TI - Spectinomycin resistant gonococci. AB - A study was conducted examining the properties of 10 clinical isolates of spectinomycin resistant gonococci from patients attending clinics at St Mary's and St Thomas's Hospitals, London. All of the isolates produced beta-lactamase and contained plasmids of 2.6, 4.4, and 24.5 megadaltons and required proline for growth. None produced aminoglycoside modifying enzymes. Resistance to spectinomycin was transferred from some of the isolates by transformation but at a much lower frequency than resistance to streptomycin. The isolates from St Mary's Hospital were detected after therapy with spectinomycin, whereas those from St Thomas's Hospital were not. Four recent non-beta-lactamase producing gonococci isolated at St Mary's Hospital and two isolated at St Thomas's Hospital also were not related to use of spectinomycin. PMID- 6231078 TI - Difficult diagnoses in back pain. PMID- 6231080 TI - After-effects of fusimotor stimulation on spindle la afferents' dynamic sensitivity, revealed during slow movements. AB - After-effects of fusimotor action on dynamic sensitivity of spindle primary afferents from soleus resulted from low rate stimulation of both static and dynamic gamma-axons. Sensitivity to small sinusoidal stretches superimposed on triangles was enhanced during triangular lengthening but not during shortening. These after-effects were elicited by fusimotor stimulation during preceding triangular shortening, but not during lengthening. Given these characteristics, they may be important functionally during alternating rhythmic movements. PMID- 6231079 TI - Effect of ethanol on stretch response of muscle receptors in cats. AB - The response of muscle spindles and tendon organs to steady and sinusoidal muscle stretch was investigated at different blood alcohol concentrations (BAC). After initial anesthesia (pentobarbital), cats were spinalized, the lumbar ventral roots cut and the gastrocnemius muscles of one hindleg prepared for controlled stretching. The animals were paralyzed and artificial respiration was applied. Action potentials from isolated Ia/Ib/II afferent fibers could be recorded. Under steady stretch conditions, all fibers responded to an increasing BAC with an increase in firing rate. This could be observed already at 0.8 mg/ml BAC. The increase in discharge rate reached at the most 80 imp/s. During intoxication the regularity of firing was higher than in the no-alcohol situation. At blood alcohol concentrations higher than 5 mg/ml, the neuronal activity suddenly dropped to zero, exhibiting an irregular impulse pattern. The increase in discharge rate at steady stretch is regarded to be of minor significance in the explanation of the impairment of motor performance under ethanol. When sinusoidal stretch was applied, the increase in the mean discharge rate was smaller than at steady stretch conditions. Up to about 10 mg/ml BAC the periodical modulation of firing rate during sinusoidal stretch of a large amplitude remained mainly unchanged. After the discharge rate had dropped to zero for the steady stretch condition at high BAC, elicitation of action potentials was always possible using dynamic stretch. PMID- 6231081 TI - Effect of S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine upon sleep in p-chlorophenylalanine pretreated rats. AB - S-Adenosyl-L-homocysteine (7 mg/kg), administered to PCPA-pretreated rats, was able to restore normal SWS and PS quantities, as well as circadian rhythms. This effect was at its maximum when SAH was injected 48 h after PCPA (400 mg/kg). These results are discussed in terms of post-synaptic synergetic control by SAH of serotonergic and noradrenergic nerve terminals via the periventricular system and caudal medulla in relation to environmental input. PMID- 6231082 TI - Contractions of single motor units are reflected in membrane potential changes of homonymous alpha-motoneurons. AB - In anesthetized cats 3 medial gastrocnemius (MG) motor units (MUs) were electrically activated with independent pseudorandom patterns at physiological mean rates. Recordings of isometric MG tension (T) and membrane potential changes (PSPs) in MG alpha-motoneurons (MNs) were averaged with respect to each stimulus train. The resulting T and PSP trajectories displayed the responses of each MN to the 3 average MU twitches. These responses could vary from no response to a sequence of depolarizing and hyperpolarizing waves in a PSP trajectory. The results are consistent with the known behavior of muscle stretch receptors to muscle and MU twitches and the receptors' connections to homonymous MNs. PMID- 6231083 TI - [Magnitude of initial spatial vectors of the QRS complex in patients with vectorcardiographic signs of left ventricular hypertrophy]. PMID- 6231084 TI - [Macroscopic structure of the iris in children with Down's syndrome and in their mothers]. PMID- 6231086 TI - The mobile dental clinic for the disabled--Faculty of Dentistry--University of Toronto. A five-year retrospective. PMID- 6231085 TI - Evidence for an extracellular plasmin-dependent proteolytic system in mineralizing matrices. AB - Plasminogen activator, which specifically catalyzes the extracellular conversion of plasminogen to plasmin, was identified in the cell-free mineralizing matrices of enamel, dentin, cementum, and bone by a fibrinolytic overlay technique. The spatial separation in developing teeth of successive stages of dentinogenesis allowed us to identify predentin as a major site of plasminogen activator activity. In addition, plasminogen, the natural substrate for the activator, was demonstrated in predentin by immunohistochemical techniques. Extraction of human dentin/predentin with neutral demineralizing buffers solubilized the activator along with inhibitory components capable of blocking the activation of plasminogen. When resolved by polyacrylamide electrophoresis under dissociative conditions, however, the activator emerged in active form as two closely spaced bands at Mr 66,000 and 62,000. In the mineralizing enamel matrix of continuously forming rodent incisors, activator activity was limited to a 3-5 mm wide segment which marks the transition between "soft" and "chalky" enamel, whereas the entire overlying enamel organ was rich in activator activity at all developmental stages. This suggests that the activator is transported to the enamel matrix only in a narrow zone which coincides with the most rapidly mineralizing site. The coincident expression of plasminogen activator activity and mineral accretion suggests that plasmin-dependent proteolysis may play a role in the extracellular regulation of matrix mineralization. PMID- 6231087 TI - Mucin synthesis. III. UDP-GlcNAc:Gal beta 1-3(GlcNAc beta 1-6)GalNAc-R (GlcNAc to Gal) beta 3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase, an enzyme in porcine gastric mucosa involved in the elongation of mucin-type oligosaccharides. AB - Pig gastric mucosa microsomes have been shown to catalyze the following reaction: UDP-GlcNAc + Gal beta 1-3(GlcNAc beta 1-6)-GalNAc-alpha-R----GlcNAc beta 1-3Gal beta 1-3 (GlcNAc beta 1-6)GalNAc-alpha-R + UDP, where R is o-nitrophenyl or benzyl. The enzyme catalyzing this reaction has been named UDP-GlcNAc:Gal beta 1 3(GlcNAc beta 1-6)GalNAc-R (GlcNAc-R (GlcNAc to Gal) beta 3-N acetylglucosaminyltransferase. The beta 3-GlcNAc-transferase does not act on Gal beta 1-3GalNAc-alpha-o-nitrophenyl. The beta 3-GlcNAc-transferase requires Mn2+ and Triton X-100 for optimal activity. The Vmax for the microsomal enzyme is 8.7 nmol/mg protein per hour and the Km values are 1.6, 0.9, and 1.2 mM for UDP GlcNAc and the alpha-o-nitrophenyl and alpha-benzyl derivatives of Gal beta 1 3(GlcNAc beta 1-6)GalNAc, respectively. Pig gastric mucosa microsomes catalyze the transfer of GlcNAc to lactose to form GlcNAc beta 1-3Gal beta 1-4Glc, but fail to transfer GlcNAc to lactosyl ceramide, Gal beta 1-4GlcNAc, or Gal beta 1 4GlcNAc-beta-benzyl. PMID- 6231088 TI - Persistent generalized lymphadenopathy in homosexual men: clinical, pathological and immunologic characteristics. AB - Eighteen homosexual men who had had lymphadenopathy in two or more extrainguinal sites for more than 5 months but had no evidence of other illnesses or infections were studied. All had extreme malaise, and 90% had additional symptoms (fever, night sweats, weight loss or gastrointestinal dysfunction). They were compared with 10 healthy homosexual and 10 healthy heterosexual male controls. The mean numbers of circulating T8 (suppressor) lymphocytes were increased equally in the two homosexual groups, but the mean number of T4 (helper) lymphocytes was decreased only in the group with lymphadenopathy. The response to testing for recall anergy was diminished in both homosexual groups but was significantly lower in the group with lymphadenopathy. The serum immunoglobulin and complement concentrations and the numbers of circulating B lymphocytes were normal in each group. Seven of nine lymph node biopsy specimens showed characteristic hyperplasia and confluence of follicles. Thus, idiopathic persistent, generalized lymphadenopathy in homosexual men without opportunistic infections or malignant diseases appears to be a distinct syndrome; it may also be related to the acquired immune deficiency syndrome. PMID- 6231090 TI - Hypersensitivity pneumonitis--economic and legal aspects. PMID- 6231089 TI - Gas plant (Dictamnus albus) phytophotodermatitis simulating poison ivy. AB - A 48-year-old man presented with an itchy rash that resembled superficial burns or cane marks on his left forearm; similar lesions had appeared every summer for 5 years. Poison ivy dermatitis had been the initial diagnosis, but the patient knew that this plant was absent from his well tended garden. A visit to the garden revealed the gas plant Dictamnus albus, and occlusive patch testing with leaf cuttings produced a reaction after the skin was exposed to sunlight. Gas plant phytophotodermatitis was diagnosed. PMID- 6231091 TI - PALA, vindesine, and cisplatin combination chemotherapy in advanced malignant melanoma. A pilot study. AB - Twenty-two patients with advanced malignant melanoma were entered in a pilot study receiving combination chemotherapy with PALA, vindesine, and cisplatin (PVP). Treatment consisted of PALA 3000 mg/m2 IV on days 1 and 2, vindesine 3 mg/m2 IV on days 1 and 8, cisplatin 30 mg/m2 IV on days 1 through 5, with treatment cycles repeated on day 21 every 3 weeks. Of 22 patients, 3 had non visceral disease confined to iuxtaregional tumor growth (Stage III), and 19 had disseminated and/or visceral disease (Stage IV). The male/female sex distribution was 13/9; median age was 45 years. All 22 patients had measurable disease; 21 were evaluable for response and toxicity. Five patients (24%) had a complete response (CR) with a median duration of 5 months, and four patients (19%) had a partial response (PR) with a median duration of 3 months. Seven patients showed disease stabilization (33%) with a median duration of 2 months. Progressive disease was seen in five patients (24%) and was commonly due to widespread visceral disease. CR could be found predominantly in non-visceral disease, whereas PR could be observed in visceral disease also. Survival time from the onset of PVP chemotherapy cannot be estimated finally, since some of the responses are continuing at the present time, and 7 of 21 patients are still alive. Currently, median survival time for responders is 8 months, and for nonresponders, 5 months. Toxicity of PVP chemotherapy is mild to moderate and allows cytotoxic drug administration on an outpatient basis. PVP chemotherapy appears to have significant activity against malignant melanoma and may therefore be an alternative regimen in the management of advanced disease. However, despite the relative high remission rate especially in non-visceral disease, response duration remains disappointingly low. PMID- 6231092 TI - Combination chemotherapy of metastatic breast carcinoma with cyclophosphamide, adriamycin, and peptichemio. AB - Thirty patients with metastatic carcinoma of the breast were treated with a combination of cyclophosphamide, Adriamycin (doxorubicin), and peptichemio (CAP) as an induction regimen, and maintenance regimen consisting of thiotepa, methotrexate, and 5-fluorouracil (TMF). Twenty-four patients were evaluable. Thirteen patients achieved an objective response for a response rate of 54.0% (complete remission plus partial remission). Median duration of response was 9.5 months (0-32+). The CAP regimen had severe myelotoxicity that led to dose reductions in 67% of patients. Furthermore, 50% of the patients required delay (greater than 28-day interval) in chemotherapy courses because of myelosuppression, and peptichemio had to be discontinued in seven patients. The CAP chemotherapy as an induction regimen for metastatic breast carcinoma resulted in underutilization of Adriamycin, and proved to be inferior to other Adriamycin containing regimens. Although peptichemio used as a single agent had significant activity against breast cancer, it was not suitable for prolonged use in conjunction with other myelosuppressive agents. However, it may have a role in second-line therapy of metastatic breast cancer in conjunction with nonmyelosuppressive agents. The authors were unable to test the efficacy of non cross-resistant maintenance therapy with TMF in this trial. PMID- 6231094 TI - Actin and myosin from Dictyostelium amoebae. PMID- 6231093 TI - The membrane systems and cytoskeletal elements of mammalian myocardial cells. PMID- 6231095 TI - Gamma-irradiation facilitates the expression of adoptive immunity against established tumors by eliminating suppressor T cells. AB - It was found that sublethal (550 rad) whole-body gamma-irradiation of mice bearing established immunogenic tumors enabled tumor-sensitized spleen cells infused intravenously 1 h later to cause complete tumor regression in all mice. In contrast, gamma-irradiation alone caused only a temporary halt in tumor growth, and immune cells gave practically no therapeutic effect at all. This result was obtained with the SA1 sarcoma, Meth A fibrosarcoma, P815 mastocytoma, and P388 lymphoma. Additional experiments with the Meth A fibrosarcoma revealed that the spleen cells from tumor-immune donors that caused tumor regression in gamma-irradiated recipients were T cells, as evidenced by their functional elimination by treatment with anti-Thy-1.2 antibody and complement. It was shown next that adoptive T-cell-mediated regression of tumors in gamma-irradiated recipients was inhibited by an intravenous infusion of spleen cells from donors with established tumors, but not by spleen cells from normal donors. The spleen cells that suppressed the expression of adoptive immunity were functionally eliminated by treatment with anti-Thy-1.2 antibody and complement. Moreover, they were destroyed by exposing the tumor-bearing donors to 500 rad of gamma-radiation 24 h before harvesting their spleen cells. The results are consistent with the interpretation that gamma-radiation facilitates the expression of adoptive T-cell mediated immunity against established tumors by eliminating a population of tumor induced suppressor T cells from the tumor-bearing recipient. PMID- 6231098 TI - N-nitrosodimethylamine carcinogenesis in nicotinamide-deficient rats. AB - Special diets that were extremely low in protein (5.5%) and high in carbohydrate were used to test the effect of nicotinamide on N-nitrosodimethylamine-induced carcinogenesis in Holtzman albino rats. The level of nicotinamide in the three diets ranged from 0 mg/kg of food to 50 mg/kg to 500 mg/kg. During the treatment with these diets (5 weeks) and the carcinogen (18 days), the renal and hepatic concentrations of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate were measured. In the liver, the concentration of these coenzymes fell well below normal levels, and significant differences between the two extreme diets (0 and 500 mg/kg) were found in the hepatic content of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. In the kidney, the treatment with special diets and carcinogen had less effect. The content of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate remained normal, and the only significant drop in the concentrations of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate occurred in the animals on the nicotinamide deficient diet. After the treatment, all of the animals were returned to the same standard diet. During the remainder of the experiment, 85 weeks, it was found that the initial treatments had not affected tumor incidence levels or tumor type, but had altered the rate of tumor incidence. These differences could be seen by comparing the results for the rats that had been given the nicotinamide deficient diet to the results for the animals receiving an excess of the vitamin. PMID- 6231099 TI - Hematoporphyrin derivative-induced photosensitivity of mitochondrial succinate dehydrogenase and selected cytosolic enzymes of R3230AC mammary adenocarcinomas of rats. AB - The photosensitizing activity of hematoporphyrin derivative (HPD) was investigated by studying selected enzymes localized to mitochondria and cytosol of R3230AC mammary adenocarcinomas. Experiments in vitro demonstrated that mitochondrial succinate dehydrogenase was inhibited in a drug dose- and light exposure time-related manner; at 7.0 micrograms of HPD per ml or higher, enzyme activity was inhibited greater than 50% after 15 min of photoradiation. The three cytosol enzymes studied under the same conditions in vitro demonstrated different photosensitivities. Pyruvate kinase activity was significantly inhibited in a dose- and time-related fashion, whereas lactate dehydrogenase was inhibited to a lesser extent, and glucose phosphate isomerase activity was inhibited only at the highest dose (70 micrograms of HPD per ml) used. The time-course of these responses was examined with an in vivo-in vitro protocol, consisting of photoradiation of mitochondria and cytosol prepared from tumors obtained at various times (up to 1 week) after a single injection of HPD (80 mg/kg). Pyruvate kinase activity was markedly inhibited at early times returning to initial levels by 48 hr; neither lactate dehydrogenase nor glucose phosphate isomerase was inhibited by this treatment. Mitochondrial succinate dehydrogenase and cytochrome c oxidase activities displayed significant photoradiation-induced inhibitions, with greatest inhibition occurring between 24 and 96 hr after injection of HPD; at 1 week, succinate dehydrogenase activity had returned to its initial level, but cytochrome c oxidase activity remained significantly inhibited. These data suggest that HPD-induced photosensitization of mitochondria may be an important site of action contributing to tumor cell cytotoxicity and regression as a result of photoradiation therapy. PMID- 6231096 TI - Immunology of metastasis. Can the immune response cope with disseminated tumor? AB - The application of immunologic methods to the treatment of neoplasia has been a goal of research in tumor immunology. Unfortunately, no clearly defined success for such therapy has been achieved. However, the most recent advances in tumor biology have provided for a more valid conceptual framework upon which to plan further research in this area. The more general awareness of tumor progression and heterogeneity, particularly in the context of tumor metastasis, while imposing a sense of gloom regarding all therapeutic modalities, shifted immunologic thinking toward the development of nonspecific modalities. We herein propose that this 'shift' may be premature and that immunotherapy using cytolygic T cells could still be feasible. Our views are based on newer approaches for selecting immunogenic variants of malignant tumors and a better understanding of the relationship of the immune response to metastases. PMID- 6231100 TI - Hematoporphyrin derivative rescue from toxicity caused by chemotherapy or radiation in a murine leukemia model (L1210). AB - Hematoporphyrin [1,3,5,8-tetramethyl-2,4-bis(hydroxyethyl)-porphin-6,7-dipropio nic acid dihydrochloride derivative] (HPD) is a compound that was studied in a number of laboratories because of its cytocidal activity after activation by light. Modification of immune function seen during the photochemotherapeutic studies prompted attempts to determine the effect of HPD on the immune and hemopoietic systems. Splenic hyperplasia as well as marrow hypercellularity were noted in mice treated with HPD. In vitro phytohemagglutinin or lipopolysaccharide stimulation of spleen lymphocytes caused normal or scant increases in blast transformation compared to the stimulation index for lymphocytes from untreated animals. HPD treatment did not significantly alter production of antibody to sheep red blood cells, as evaluated by hemagglutination or hemolytic assay. In contrast, HPD treatment did promote an increased number of spleen colonies in lethally irradiated mice transfused with syngeneic bone marrow. The capacity of HPD to increase the number of bone marrow and spleen cells has been exploited to accelerate the recovery from peripheral leukopenia induced in animals by previous drug or radiation treatment. The time for full return from severe leukopenia induced by an antimetabolite compound (5-fluorouracil) or an alkylating agent (cyclophosphamide or X-rays was significantly shorter in mice treated with HPD than in controls. Furthermore, improved survival was demonstrated in irradiated mice after HPD treatment. Finally, HPD treatment of L1210 leukemic mice did not affect the antitumor activity of cyclophosphamide. If the properties described here be confirmed, HPD might contribute to recovery of leukopenic cancer patients. PMID- 6231101 TI - Sinemet skin rash. PMID- 6231097 TI - Karyotypic progression in human tumors. AB - Karyotypic progression may be viewed in at least two ways. One approach seeks evidence for increasing and progressive deviation from the normal chromosome pattern in tumors. The clearest examples, found in some leukemias, are those in which successive karyotypic changes are superimposed on an already aberrant cell population. Evidence of chromosomal progression within solid tumors is far less frequent, possibly because the tumors themselves are at a relatively late stage in their evolution. An alternative approach, therefore, attempts to correlate the extent of karyotypic deviation with other aspects of tumor progression. Recent data, based on classical cytogenetic analyses and flow cytometry, are presented to determine relationships between karyotype and specific origin and morphology of tumors. The predominant theme which emerges, not surprisingly, is that the more deviant chromosome patterns are associated with other measures of increased biologic malignancy. What is surprising is the degree to which these properties are expressed in primary tumors and the relative lack of evidence for further karyotypic evolution with recurrence or metastasis. Examples of genetic instability, evolution through polyploidy, gene amplification, and selection for specific chromosomal rearrangement are found in populations of premalignant and malignant human cells. There is increasing recognition of the importance of tumor specific chromosome aberrations in the stepwise progression from the normal to the fully neoplastic cell. PMID- 6231102 TI - Phase I study of continuous-infusion PALA and 5-FU. AB - Eighteen patients with malignancies refractory to conventional forms of therapy were treated with 5-day continuous infusions of PALA and 5-FU. PALA was administered at a dose of 940 mg/m2/day. 5-FU was initially given at a dose of 180 mg/m2/day and was incrementally increased to 325 mg/m2/day. The courses were repeated every 3-4 weeks. Mucositis and diarrhea were the dose-limiting toxic effects. Other reversible side effects included grade 2 skin rashes and nausea and vomiting. Peak plasma PALA concentrations were approximately 20 microM and occurred in conjunction with a maximum depression of leukocyte-L-aspartate transcarbamylase (ATCase) activity to 10% of baseline. Therapeutic responses occurred in one of the 13 patients with colon carcinoma and in one patient with mammary carcinoma. Responses could not be correlated with leukocyte ATCase depression. Recent data indicate that low doses of PALA (250 mg/m2) might be equally as effective in inhibiting leukocyte ATCase activity as the doses used in this study. A phase II trial has been designed at this institution employing the above doses of PALA in conjunction with escalating doses of 5-FU. PMID- 6231103 TI - Phase II trial of PALA in lymphoma: an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group study. AB - A phase II trial of PALA in malignant lymphoma was carried out by the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group. The occurrence of hematologic toxicity in 17 of 35 patients in the study was noteworthy and was possibly related to prior therapy and/or marrow involvement. The finding of thromboembolic phenomena in four of five autopsied patients was also noteworthy. No antitumor activity was recorded. This experience discourages further trials of PALA in patients with malignant lymphoma. PMID- 6231104 TI - A comparison of cefaclor and tetracycline in the treatment of bacterial bronchitis. AB - Cefaclor and tetracycline were compared in a single-blind study designed to treat patients with acute bacterial bronchitis and acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis. Twenty-five pathogens (including 19 of Haemophilus influenzae and four of Streptococcus pneumoniae) were obtained from sputum samples of 48 patients. No pathogen could be cultured from the sputum of 23 patients. All of these pathogens were susceptible to cefaclor, while 12 (63%) of the 19 H influenzae isolates and three of the four S pneumoniae isolates were resistant to tetracycline. When the susceptibility of the 25 isolates to other commonly used antibacterials was tested, 18 isolates of H influenzae were resistant to erythromycin and one was resistant to ampicillin. (One H influenzae isolate was not tested for erythromycin susceptibility.) The four isolates of S pneumoniae were susceptible to erythromycin and ampicillin. Satisfactory results were achieved in 21 of the 23 patients receiving cefaclor. After four to six days of cefaclor therapy, the other two patients were diagnosed as having bronchopneumonia, and parenteral antibiotic therapy was instituted. Of the 25 patients assigned to the tetracycline regimen, three with resistant H influenzae had unsatisfactory clinical responses and required parenteral antibiotic therapy for recovery. Although patients were randomly assigned to therapy, only three of the 16 patients infected with tetracycline-resistant organisms were assigned to the tetracycline group, and all three failed to respond to treatment. Had the patients been more evenly distributed according to susceptibilities, it is possible that more treatment failures would have occurred in the group receiving tetracycline. PMID- 6231105 TI - An alternative pathway of T-cell activation: a functional role for the 50 kd T11 sheep erythrocyte receptor protein. AB - A series of seven monoclonal antibodies was produced against the T-lineage specific 50 kd T11 sheep erythrocyte rosette (SRBC) receptor protein in order to define the function of the molecule. Three distinct epitopes were detected: T11(1), the SRBC binding site expressed on all T lymphocytes and thymocytes; T11(2), an epitope unrelated to the SRBC binding site but with a similar distribution; and T11(3), a neo-epitope expressed only upon T-cell activation. Simultaneous triggering of T11(2) and T11(3) epitopes by monoclonal antibodies induces T lymphocytes to proliferate and mediate their functional programs in the absence of antigen and/or antigen-presenting cells. This antigen-independent mode of triggering is distinct from that involving the T3-Ti antigen receptor complex and represents an alternate pathway of T-cell activation. Given that T11 is the earliest T-lineage surface glycoprotein to appear in thymic ontogeny and is thus expressed before T3-Ti, the former may be involved in clonal expansion and/or differentiation during early development. PMID- 6231107 TI - Changes in the capacity of macrophages and T cells to produce interleukins during murine malaria infection. AB - Interleukin 1 (I1-1) produced by activated macrophages and interleukin 2 (I1-2) released by a subset of T lymphocytes upon antigen or mitogen stimulation are the soluble mediators involved in the mechanism of T-cell activation, proliferation, and differentiation. Since these T-cell responses are depressed during malaria infection, the capacity of macrophages to produce I1-1 following lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation and that of lymphocytes to release I1-2 upon stimulation with concanavalin A (Con-A) in mice infected with either nonlethal Plasmodium yoelii (NLPY) or lethal Plasmodium berghei (PB) malaria parasites was analyzed. The results show that while adherent cells from spleen or peritoneal exudates of infected mice were able to produce I1-1, although to a different extent in the two infections, splenic lymphocytes were unable to produce I1-2, but capable of responding to it. This suggests that the diminished T-cell responses in malaria might be due to a defect of I1-2 synthesis. PMID- 6231106 TI - Interleukin 2 (IL-2) activity during tumor growth: IL-2 production kinetics, absorption of and responses to exogenous IL-2. AB - A temporal study assessed the relationship between fibrosarcoma growth and immunologic encumbrance due to the inability of BALB/c mouse splenocytes to elaborate the lymphokine Interleukin 2 (IL-2). Nylon-wool fractionation and antiserum treatments suggested the existence of a mildly nylon-wool-adherent, anti-Lyt 2-sensitive tumor-induced suppressor T (Ts) cell which significantly decreased IL-2 activity. Absorption investigations indicated that ligand activated tumor-bearing host (TBH) spleen cells were less receptive to IL-2 than their normal counterparts. When splenocytes were antiserum treated before absorption, removal of Lyt 2+ (suppressor T) cells resulted in greater IL-2 absorption by the remaining cells. Purified IL-2 only partially restored suppressed TBH spleen cell mitogen- or alloantigen-induced blastogenesis; whereas, normal host reactivity was significantly augmented. The collective data suggest that TBH spleen cells were capable of producing IL-2 and of responding to the IL-2 amplification signal when tumor-induced Ts cells were depleted. PMID- 6231108 TI - Spontaneous proliferation in unfractionated spleen cell cultures: autologous mixed-lymphocyte reactions (AMLR) which can be differentially regulated by prostaglandins and lymphokines. AB - The present studies were undertaken to define the contribution of the autologous or syngeneic mixed-leukocyte reactions (AMLR/SMLR) to the cellular proliferation observed in unfractionated spleen cell cultures. Proliferation was studied in whole, untreated 6-day murine spleen cell cultures supplemented with syngeneic serum. These cultures exhibited relatively low but significant levels of cellular proliferation as measured by uptake of radioactive thymidine ([3H]TdR). Treatment of spleen cells with monoclonal anti-Thy 1.2 antibody and complement before culture, the addition of specific anti-I-A monoclonal antibodies to the cultures or removal of Ia+ adherent cells before initiation of culture all inhibited the proliferative response significantly. Thus, the autologous proliferation of untreated and unfractionated spleen cells manifests the main characteristics of the AMLR/SMLR, namely, its dependence on T (responder) and Ia+ (stimulator) cells and specific inhibition by anti-I-A antibodies. A marked augmentation in cellular proliferation was observed in unfractionated spleen cell cultures treated for the initial 24 hr of culture with 5 X 10(-6) M indomethacin, an inhibitor of prostaglandin synthesis. Conversely, the addition of 7 X 10(-9) M prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) to these cultures depressed cellular proliferation. This suppression of autologous splenic cell proliferation induced by PGE1 could be partially reversed by the addition of concanavalin A-induced lymphokine (LK) preparations early in the culture. These findings indicate that (a) the proliferation of unfractionated spleen cell cultures occurring in the absence of exogenous stimulatory signals is due largely to an ongoing AMLR, and (b) biologically active mediators with opposing influences, namely, prostaglandins and immunostimulatory LK, participate in the regulation of the AMLR. PMID- 6231110 TI - Ia- and IgG-Fc receptor-positive accessory cell sustains peripheral T lymphocyte but not thymocyte mitogenesis induced by OKT3 monoclonal antibody. AB - The proliferative responses of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBL) and thymocytes to OKT3 monoclonal antibody have been investigated. The PBL response to OKT3 was maximal after 72 hr while that of thymocytes was inappreciable at all times measured. Unlike phytohemagglutinin, OKT3 was unable to elicit the mitogenesis of adherent cell-depleted T cells in spite of the presence of exogenously added Interleukin 1 and/or Interleukin 2. The addition of autologous or heterologous adherent cells restored the OKT3 mitogenic response of peripheral purified T cells but not of thymocyte cultures. The adherent cell population that was able to sustain the OKT3-elicited T-cell mitogenesis was constituted by Ia-, Fc receptor-positive cells. These data suggest that the adherent cell-T cell interaction is mediated via the Fc portion of the OKT3 molecule. Furthermore, unlike peripheral T cells, T3-positive thymocytes, which represent the more mature. PHA-responsive subset within the thymus, are unable to cooperate with accessory cells when pulsed with OKT3 monoclonal antibody. PMID- 6231109 TI - Functional characteristics of the macrophage receptors for IgG-Fc and C3: failure to detect C3 receptor-mediated extracellular cytolysis by mouse peritoneal macrophages. AB - The ability of several immunologic ligands to mediate extracellular cytolysis of sheep erythrocytes (E) by mouse macrophages was studied. E coated with rabbit IgG (EIgG), but not nonsensitized E or E coated with rabbit IgM (EIgM), were lysed and phagocytized by resident peritoneal macrophages as well as by macrophages activated in vivo with either BCG or Corynebacterium parvum or in vitro with lymphokine. EIgM incubated with mouse serum to deposit the third component of complement (C3) onto E (EIgMC) were ingested by thioglycolate-elicited and lymphokine-treated macrophages, but not by the other macrophage populations examined. However, none of the macrophages performed lysis of EIgMC, suggesting that engagement of macrophage C3 receptors by target cell-bound C3 was not a sufficient trigger for cytolysis. Lysis of E coated with both IgG and C3 (EIgGC) was moderately elevated over that of EIgG; this enhancement was not abolished after proteolytic destruction of the macrophage C3-rosetting capacity, indicating that C3 receptors were not responsible. EIgGC and EIgMC were more susceptible to hypotonic lysis than were either E, EIgG, or EIgM, suggesting that enhanced lysis of serum-treated E may be partially explained by increased E fragility. PMID- 6231111 TI - Autoreactive rat T-cell lines: establishment and cellular characteristics. AB - Stable self-reactive T-cell lines were established from the draining lymph nodes of Buffalo rats primed with rat thyroglobulin (Tg) in complete Freund's adjuvant. Following two rounds of in vitro selection with Tg or with purified protein derivative (PPD) of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Tg- or PPD-specific lines were selected. Self-reactivity, manifested by a potent proliferative response of these lines to syngeneic stimulators in the absence of the selecting antigen (Tg or PPD), emerged by 3-4 weeks after the establishment of the lines. This proliferation could not be attributed to reactivity against heterologous serum components. Despite this syngeneic mixed-leukocyte reaction (SMLR) which was readily detectable, specific stimulation by Tg or PPD over the level of the SMLR could still be demonstrated. These lines also responded to concanavalin A but not to allogeneic stimulator cells. More than 95% of T cells of these lines displayed the rat T-helper-cell-specific (W3/25) marker and they secreted a defined lymphokine, T-cell growth factor (TCGF), upon stimulation with syngeneic stimulator cells, independent of the presence of soluble antigen. T-Cell lines such as the ones described here will be useful in elucidating the biological significance of the AMLR/SMLR and its relation to nominal antigen reactivity. PMID- 6231112 TI - Effects of bacteria-produced human alpha, beta, and gamma interferons on in vitro immune functions. AB - The effects of bacteria-produced human interferons (HuIFN) alpha, beta, and gamma on in vitro immune functions of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were studied. Proliferative response to phytohemagglutinin was significantly inhibited by the addition of HuIFN-alpha 2 or HuIFN-beta at 10, 100, or 1000 U/ml. In contrast, HuIFN-gamma showed suppressive activities only when added at 1000 U/ml. HuIFN-alpha 2 or HuIFN-beta caused significant inhibition of human mixed-lymphocyte reaction (MLR) as measured by [3H]thymidine incorporation. Similar inhibition was caused by HuIFN-gamma when it was added only at very low concentrations (1 U/ml); 10, 100, or 1000 U/ml resulted in no or only a modest increase in MLR. All three interferons exhibited dose-related effects on PWM induced immunoglobulin synthesis in cultures of PBMC. These data demonstrate that purified interferons produced by recombinant DNA technology can significantly alter in vitro immune functions and that HuIFN-gamma has properties which are different from those of HuIFN-alpha 2 or HuIFN-beta. PMID- 6231113 TI - Generation of phenotypic helper/inducer and suppressor/cytotoxic T-cell lines from cerebrospinal fluid in multiple sclerosis. AB - The investigation of cell-mediated events in man has been largely limited to the study of the cells in the peripheral circulation. The study of T cells from localized anatomic compartments has been difficult due to the small numbers of cells usually obtainable from these sites. Investigation of such compartmentalized responses theoretically may yield information relating to both normal immunoregulation and autoimmune diseases--information that may not be obtainable through the investigation of the circulating cellular immune system. Utilizing cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) lymphocytes from patients with multiple sclerosis as a model of compartmentalized immunologically relevant cells, the technology for the generation of long-term T-cell lines from compartments both in continuous culture and after cryopreservation and that consist of both helper/inducer and suppressor/cytotoxic phenotypes have been generated. The 10(4) to 10(5) CSF cells obtained initially from individual patients have often been expanded into greater than 10(8) total cells within 4 months. The ability to generate large, stable, cryopreservable helper and suppressor/cytotoxic T-cell lines from limited access compartments will allow for new investigative approaches into both normal immunoregulation and autoimmune diseases in man. PMID- 6231114 TI - Effect of irradiation on human T-cell proliferation: low dose irradiation stimulates mitogen-induced proliferation and function of the suppressor/cytotoxic T-cell subset. AB - Unfractionated human T cells exposed to 10-50 rad of X irradiation incorporated less [3H]thymidine than nonirradiated T cells when subsequently cultured with PHA or Con A. The cytotoxic/suppressor T-cell subset, isolated as either OKT8(+) or OKT4(-) cells, demonstrated significantly enhanced [3H]thymidine incorporation in PHA- or Con A-stimulated cultures after exposure to 10-50 rad, compared to unirradiated cells, while the proliferation of the OKT4(+) helper/inducer subset was inhibited by low dose irradiation. It has been previously reported that approximately 30% of the cytotoxic/suppressor subset also stains with OKM1. When the cytotoxic/suppressor subset was further subdivided into OKT4(-), OKM1(+), and OKT4(-), OKM1(-) cells, proliferation of the OKT4(-), OKM1(+) population was inhibited by exposure to 25 rad while proliferation of the OKT4(-), OKM1(-) population was stimulated. The increase in proliferation of the cytotoxic/suppressor T-cell subset after low dose irradiation is paralleled by an increase in suppressor activity of these cells. T cells exposed to 25 rad and then cultured with Con A for 48 hr caused greater inhibition of IgG production when added to fresh autologous lymphocytes stimulated by pokeweed mitogen than did unirradiated cells. Thus, low dose irradiation enhances both the proliferation and function of the human suppressor T-cell subset. PMID- 6231115 TI - Absence of OKT4-positive lymphocytes in black African subjects. AB - Some black Africans whose lymphocytes lack the OKT4 surface antigen, but which react with other monoclonal antibodies recognizing the human inducer T-cell subset are described. In addition, three members of a family showed lymphocytes which reacted weakly with the OKT4 antibody but reacted normally with the other monoclonal antibodies. Mitogen-induced proliferation of these cells as well as their ability to assist B lymphocytes to mature into antibody-producing cells was normal. Although the mode of inheritance of these variants of the OKT4 epitope cannot yet be determined, it appears as though these polymorphisms are not uncommon in black Africans. PMID- 6231116 TI - Response of isolated nuclei to phospholipid vesicles: analysis of chromatin sensitivity to DNase I and micrococcal nuclease. AB - Phosphatidylserine (PS) and phosphatidylcholine (PC) multilamellar vesicles (MLV) affect chromatin structure as analysed by DNase I sensitivity. The kinetics of DNA solubilisation during the digestion of nuclei indicates that phosphatidylserine causes an increase in DNase accessibility while phosphatidylcholine slightly reduces this accessibility. The effect of phosphatidylserine has also been analysed by means of isokinetic sucrose gradients and agarose gel electrophoresis of nuclear DNA solubilised by micrococcal nuclease. This analysis indicates that phosphatidylserine induces a very rapid production of mononucleosome subunits as compared with untreated nuclei. PMID- 6231117 TI - [Nursing cooperation in the use of abdomenoscopy and uteroscopy]. PMID- 6231118 TI - [A survey on the resources of medicinal herbs of the Yao nationality in Lanshan County of Hunan Province]. PMID- 6231119 TI - [Variation of harringtonine content in Cephalataxus oliveri with seasons, parts and age of the tree]. PMID- 6231120 TI - [Analysis of psoralen content in its tincture, tablet and capsule preparations by UV spectrophotometry]. PMID- 6231121 TI - [Dissolution rate of decoction prepared by Zhang Zhong-Jing's Method]. PMID- 6231122 TI - [Analysis of diterpenoids of Rabdosia ternifolia]. PMID- 6231123 TI - [A report on hastening the germination of Panax quinquefolium seeds]. PMID- 6231124 TI - [Expectorant constituents of Eupatorium fortunei]. PMID- 6231125 TI - [Chemical constituents of volatile oils of Artemisia annua]. PMID- 6231126 TI - [Pharmacological studies on the leaves of Callicarpa dichotoma]. PMID- 6231128 TI - [Experience on the cultivation of Coptis chinensis at different sea-level]. PMID- 6231127 TI - [The effect of spleen and kidney tonifying Chinese drugs on mouse erythropoiesis]. PMID- 6231129 TI - [Preliminary study on current problems of Chinese drugs]. PMID- 6231130 TI - [Remarks on Chinese materia medica(13)--genuine crude drugs]. PMID- 6231131 TI - [Growth and accumulation of active constituents during different development stages of Fagopyrum cymosum rhizome]. PMID- 6231132 TI - [The pharmacognosy and utilization of the resources of Picrasma quassioides]. PMID- 6231133 TI - A possible case of Lobo's disease acquired in Europe from a bottle-nosed dolphin (Tursiops truncatus). AB - A granuloma of the skin of one hand, accompanied by supratrochlear lymphadenitis, became evident about 3 months after the patient, an aquarium attendant, had had occupational contact, in Europe, with a bottle-nosed dolphin (Tursiops truncatus). The dolphin, when caught in the Bay of Biscay, had granulomas of the skin: yeast-like organisms, morphologically indistinguishable from Loboa loboi, were found in a biopsy specimen. Identical organisms were present in the attendant's skin lesion and supratrochlear lymph node. PMID- 6231134 TI - Controlled death (apoptosis) of normal and putative preneoplastic cells in rat liver following withdrawal of tumor promoters. AB - Numerous drugs, hormones and environmental pollutants induce liver growth by hypertrophy and/or hyperplasia, and promote preferential growth of putative preneoplastic foci in the liver. In the present study the regression of hyperplasia after cessation of inducer/promoter treatment was studied in normal liver and in liver foci. High doses of cyproterone acetate (CPA), a synthetic sex steroid, were administered to rats and produced a doubling of liver size; after cessation of treatment liver size declined, and 27% of the total liver DNA disappeared within 6 days. In histological sections from the involuting liver no necroses, but numerous apoptotic bodies (ABs) were found; retreatment with CPA interrupted the formation of ABs. These findings suggest that elimination of excess liver DNA after cessation of CPA treatment is due to controlled cell death by apoptosis. In a further series of experiments putative preneoplastic foci were produced by a single dose of N-nitrosomorpholine and subsequently stimulated to grow by 10 or 28 weeks of phenobarbital (PB) treatment. After withdrawal of PB numerous ABs were present in normal liver and in the foci; in both, retreatment with PB decreased the appearance of ABs. It appears that inhibition of cell death by PB may contribute to tumour promotion. Under all conditions tested more ABs were found in the foci than in non-focal parts of the liver, suggesting an enhanced cell turnover in foci. The apparent sensitivity of foci to mechanisms controlling cell death might eventually provide a means for elimination of preneoplastic lesions. PMID- 6231135 TI - Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and 3 beta-methylandrost-5-en-17-one: inhibitors of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)-initiated and 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13 acetate (TPA)-promoted skin papilloma formation in mice. AB - Long-term oral administration of the adrenal steroid, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), has previously been shown to inhibit the development of spontaneous breast cancer and chemically induced lung and colon tumors in various mouse strains. In the two-stage skin papilloma system in the mouse, topical application of DHEA inhibits both 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene initiation and 12-O tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate promotion of these tumors. The synthetic steroid, 3 beta-methylandrost-5-en-17-one, which, unlike DHEA, is not demonstrably estrogenic in the rat, also inhibits papilloma development. PMID- 6231136 TI - Diastolic stiffness and myocardial structure in aortic valve disease before and after valve replacement. AB - Passive diastolic properties were determined in 10 control patients and 21 patients with aortic valve disease before and 17.5 months after successful valve replacement. Ten patients had severe aortic stenoses (AS), five had combined aortic valve lesions (AS + aortic insufficiency [AI]), and six patients had severe AI. Left ventricular endomyocardial biopsies were obtained before and after surgery in patients with AS, AS + AI, and AI. Simultaneous echocardiographic and high-fidelity pressure measurements were made in all patients, and left ventricular chamber stiffness was calculated from a viscoelastic pressure-circumference relationship and left ventricular myocardial stiffness from a viscoelastic stress-strain relationship. The constant of chamber stiffness, beta', was slightly although not significantly increased in patients with AS (0.27 before and 0.24 after surgery), but was normal in those with AS + AI (0.22 before and 0.17 after surgery) and slightly decreased in those with AI (0.18 before and 0.16 after surgery) when compared with in control subjects (0.21). The constant of myocardial stiffness beta was normal in patients with AS (13.2), AS + AI (11.5), and AI (11.7) before surgery compared with in the control group (12.5). beta increased, however, significantly in those with AS (25.2; p less than .02), but not in those with AS + AI (16.3; NS) and AI (12.8; NS) after surgery. Myocardial morphologic characteristics showed a significant decrease in muscle fiber diameter in patients with AS, AS + AI, and AI, as well as a significant increase in interstitial fibrosis from 15% to 26% (p less than .05) in those with AS and a slight increase from 15% to 22% (NS) in those with AS + AI and from 19% to 24% (NS) in those with AI. Left ventricular fibrous content (left ventricular muscle mass index multiplied by interstitial fibrosis) remained, however, unchanged in all three groups after aortic valve replacement. In conclusion, left ventricular chamber stiffness is increased in AS but decreased in AI, whereas LV myocardial stiffness is normal in patients with aortic valve disease before surgery. After surgery, left ventricular myocardial stiffness increased significantly in AS patients but remained unchanged in those with AI. Postoperative changes in myocardial structure were characterized by a decrease in muscle fiber diameter and a relative increase in interstitial fibrosis, whereas fibrous content remained unchanged. Thus, regression of myocardial hypertrophy in aortic valve disease is accompanied by an increase of myocardial stiffness in concentric hypertrophy that is not seen in eccentric hypertrophy. PMID- 6231137 TI - Micromethod for phosphonoformate inhibition assay of hepatitis B viral DNA polymerase. AB - A micromethod for the specific measurement of hepatitis B viral DNA polymerase in serum is presented, based on the phosphonoformate inhibition assay (J Med Virol 12: 61-70, 1983). In the micromethod, sample volume is reduced to 120 microL and the ultracentrifugation step is eliminated. The method allows good discrimination between serum infected with hepatitis B virus and uninfected serum. The cutoff value for rate of nucleotide incorporation, based on assays of 41 serum specimens negative for hepatitis B serological markers, was about 15 nU/L (90th percentile). Serum containing hepatitis B surface and antigens exhibited rates of phosphonoformate-inhibitive nucleotide incorporation of 150 (SD 150) nU/L, with an upper 90th percentile range of 17 to 667 nU/L (n = 41). The micromethod makes use of commercially available [32P]dCTP (specific activity about 7000 kCi/mol). 125I-labeled dCTP was found to be unsuitable for this assay. Human DNA polymerases in serum are detected by this method but are excluded from the phosphonoformate-inhibitive fraction. PMID- 6231138 TI - Diagnosis of Tay-Sachs disease by estimation of beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase activity using a radiolabeled hyaluronic acid-derived trisaccharide substrate. AB - We have prepared a new radiolabeled substrate (N-[3H]acetylglucosamine-glucuronic acid-N-[3H]acetylglucosamine), from hyaluronic acid, for an assay of beta-N acetylhexosaminidase activity. Using this substrate, we found a striking deficiency of beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase activity in cultured skin fibroblasts and in liver homogenates from patients with Tay-Sachs disease. DEAE-cellulose chromatography at pH 6.0 revealed that both isoenzymes A and B of beta-N acetylhexosaminidase from normal liver participated in the catabolism of hyaluronic acid. There were, however, major differences in substrate specificities between isoenzymes A and B. Our results indicate that this substrate should be useful for enzymatic diagnosis of Tay-Sachs disease. PMID- 6231139 TI - Heparan sulfate and dermatan sulfate from the liver of a patient with Hurler syndrome: high performance liquid chromatography of their degradation products after incubation with alpha-L-iduronidase-deficient fibroblasts. AB - Using a high performance liquid chromatography method, degradation products of heparan sulfate (HS) and dermatan sulfate (DS) were investigated after incubation of control and alpha-L-iduronidase-deficient fibroblasts with HS or DS. Characteristic elution profiles of the degradation products were obtained from the respective alpha-L-iduronidase-deficient fibroblasts. Moreover, alpha-L iduronidase in control fibroblasts was resolved into two distinct components, forms A and B, on DEAE-cellulose column chromatography. Form A alpha-L iduronidase could degrade HS, but not DS. Conversely, form B alpha-L-iduronidase could not degrade HS, but could degrade DS. PMID- 6231140 TI - 46,X,i(Xq)/45,X mosaicism with gonadal dysgenesis associated with 21p-. AB - This paper presents a female patient with a clinical picture of gonadal dysgenesis and the chromosome constitution with a monocentric isochromosome of one X and a marker chromosome 21 with deleted short arm. The proband's father and other members of the family suffered from Huntington's chorea and each of them possessed the deleted chromosome 21. Our case supports the idea that minor chromosome aberrations may increase the inclination for the development of unbalanced recombinant offsprings. PMID- 6231141 TI - In vitro reversal of fragile-X expression by exogenous thymidine. AB - A virtually thymidine free medium was used to test the effects of exogenous thymidine on lymphocyte expression of the fragile-X. De novo pathway thymidylic acid synthesis in the cells was blocked by FUdR. Our results suggest that in vitro exogenous thymidine is directly responsible for suppressing expression of the fragile-X. More importantly, delayed addition of exogenous thymidine can negate fragile-X expression after it has first been induced by FUdR. PMID- 6231142 TI - Marker chromosomes in parents to children with Down's syndrome. AB - The incidence of an extra marker chromosome in the normal population is low, about 0.26 per 1,000, and that of trisomy 21 is about 1.25 per 1,000. The incidence of both these chromosomal abnormalities in the same family should be very low, if this occurs by chance. Thirteen cases of Down's syndrome in 10 families in which one of the parents had an extra marker chromosome have been reported earlier. In three of these families there were two siblings with Down's syndrome. The present report describes two families in which an extra marker chromosome was found in one of the parents and in which three of the offspring had a trisomy 21 karyotype. From the findings at Q- and AgNOR banding of the chromosomes it seemed probable that in one case this extra marker chromosome was an isochromosome for the short arm of an acrocentric chromosome. It seems very likely that marker chromosomes in healthy mothers are of pathogenetic importance for non-disjunction, resulting in a trisomy 21 offspring. A finding of an extra marker chromosome in one of the parents should therefore be taken into consideration in genetic counselling. PMID- 6231143 TI - Mucopolysaccharidosis III B: hybridization studies on fibroblasts from a mild case and fibroblasts from severe patients. AB - Cell fusion with polyethylene glycol (PEG) was performed on fibroblasts from a previously studied patient with a mild form of Sanfilippo B disease and altered residual enzyme activity and fibroblasts from several patients with the classical, severe form of the disease. No complementation was found in heterokaryons. This suggests that the mild phenotype in our patient can be ascribed to an allelic mutation. PMID- 6231144 TI - Hyperglobulinaemia in chronic liver disease: relationships between in vitro immunoglobulin synthesis, short lived suppressor cell activity and serum immunoglobulin levels. AB - In a group of patients with chronic liver diseases (CLD), including both chronic active hepatitis of 'immunological' type and alcoholic cirrhosis, simultaneous measurements were made of serum immunoglobulin levels, in vitro synthesis of immunoglobulin by peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and in vitro short lived suppressor cell activity. In both forms of CLD, decreased short lived suppressor cell activity was found. There was a strong linear correlation between the amount of IgG released into supernatant of 7 day in vitro cultures and the serum IgG levels amongst patients with CLD. There was also a strong inverse correlation in the patient group between in vitro synthesis of IgG and IgA and the suppressor cell activity measured in the same cell population, suggesting that the short lived suppressor cell test may reflect activity of cells modulating immunoglobulin both in vitro and in vivo. PMID- 6231145 TI - Immunoperoxidase evaluation of lymph nodes from acquired immune deficiency patients. AB - Immunoperoxidase evaluation of cryostat sections from acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) or prodromal nodes indicated that the majority (75%) had T8 dominance as contrasted to reactive hyperplasia nodes of unknown origin which had 80% T4 dominance. The cells in the AIDS nodes in the interfollicular and medullary sinuses areas marked intensely for Ia as opposed to sparse scattering in the comparative group. Finally, the follicles in the study group as opposed to the comparative group demonstrated hypervariability both in size and shape as outlined by a thin mantle zone of BA-1 positive cells. On the basis of the above three immunological criteria it is considered as highly likely that an AIDS node can be distinguished as such as opposed to the conventional characterization of 'reactive hyperplasia'. PMID- 6231147 TI - The syndrome of IgA nephropathy. AB - A review is presented of the current knowledge concerning the syndrome of IgA nephropathy. Primary and secondary forms can now be delineated and this division has improved understanding of immunopathogenetic mechanisms giving rise to glomerular mesangial IgA deposits. Attention is paid to disorders of antigen exclusion at mucosal surfaces, defective reticulo-endothelial sequestration, and altered immunoglobulin A production and regulation. Particular reference is made to these mechanisms with respect to primary IgA nephropathy, Henoch-Schoenlein purpura and mesangial IgA nephritis associated with alcoholic cirrhosis. PMID- 6231146 TI - Spontaneous suppressor cell activity in the peripheral blood of patients with malignant and chronic inflammatory bowel diseases. AB - Fifteen patients with colorectal tumours, 15 patients with Crohn's disease (CD) and two groups of normal controls were investigated for the presence of spontaneous suppressor cell activity (SSCA) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). In comparison to the age and sex matched controls patients with colorectal carcinoma exhibited a significant increase in SSCA (P less than 0.01). No evidence could be obtained that the suppressive effect was due to a soluble factor such as prostaglandins. In contrast, patients suffering from CD presented a decreased SSCA. No correlation was obtained between the enhanced SSCA in tumour patients and the clinical stage of the disease, levels of oncofetal antigens or serum immune complexes. Likewise in patients with CD no correlation was found between decreased SSCA and CD index or different serum parameters. When PBMC of the different test groups were incubated with histamine or cimetidine before they were added to the indicator system the suppressive activity remained unchanged. Also pre-incubation of normal PBMC with alpha-fetoprotein or carcinoembryonic antigen did not change the spontaneous suppressor cell activity. Whether the significantly enhanced in vivo activity of spontaneous suppressor cells in patients with colorectal carcinoma is one of the multifactorial mechanisms leading to the establishment of cancer or whether it rather represents a reflection of the immune system on colorectal tumour antigens remains unsolved. PMID- 6231148 TI - The future of nephrologic research: significance and urgent problems. AB - The problems in the diagnosis and especially the pathogenetic mechanism of IgA nephropathy are discussed and suggestions are made that this entity may not be a renal disease of primary renal immunogenetic origin but may be a disease of disturbed mesangial transport mechanism for IgA. Suggestions are made for intensive studies on the pathogenesis and differential diagnosis of focal glomerulosclerosis vs. minimal change disease (lipoid nephrosis) especially by immunohistology and T Cell sub-set abnormalities. It is suggested to study minimal change disease from the viewpoint of a T Cell immunodeficiency with lymphokines as a permeability changing factor. Depressed antibody formation in such partially immunodeficient patients may be important for differential diagnosis from other nephrotic stages. The immunology of acute glomerulonephritis as caused by cytoplasmic streptococcal antigens requires further study together with resultant chronic glomerulonephritis on an auto-antibody basis. The disputed merits of plasmapheresis require further detailed studies. The investigation of the suggested importance of nephrectomies on the renal function of kidney donors is of utmost importance in view of its relation to the future of live donor transplantations. PMID- 6231149 TI - Echocardiographic evaluation of left ventricular dimensions and function in chronic hemodialysis patients with cardiomegaly. AB - Results obtained by echocardiography in chronic hemodialysis patients with cardiomegaly show that there is a cardiomyopathy of congestive type at least in a small number of hemodialysis patients. A reduced contractility of the left ventricular myocardium with increased dimensions of the left ventricle in a uremic metabolic situation suggests that these cardiomyopathies are of uremic origin. Possible causes of "uremic cardiomyopathy" are discussed with reference to the literature. PMID- 6231150 TI - Unloading the right ventricle in the CREST syndrome variant of progressive systemic sclerosis (scleroderma). AB - A patient with severe pulmonary hypertension secondary to the CREST syndrome variant of scleroderma is described. Acute reductions in both pulmonary artery pressure and total pulmonary resistance were seen with nifedipine and oxygen administration. Reductions in resistance were maintained for over one month with this combination. These results raise the possibility that some of the pulmonary hypertension seen in this condition is reversible. PMID- 6231151 TI - Current problems in hypertension. AB - Although the beneficial effects of treating hypertension remain firmly established, concern has recently arisen that certain antihypertensive drugs may adversely modify cardiovascular risk factors. Equipotent blood pressure-lowering agents may also have differing effects on cardiac structure and function. Thus, established approaches to antihypertensive therapy are being questioned and revised or new approaches are being suggested. PMID- 6231152 TI - Cardiac function in hyperthyroidism. AB - It is accepted that thyroid hormones, thyroxine and tri-iodothyronine have direct inotropic and chronotropic effects on the heart. However, the mechanisms of manifestations are still uncertain. The following discusses and evaluates some of the theories regarding the interaction of these hormones with cardiac function. PMID- 6231153 TI - Parathyroid carcinoma--problems in diagnosis and treatment. AB - Four patients with parathyroid carcinoma operated on at the Karolinska Hospital were reviewed. In three patients the parathyroid carcinoma was suspected at the primary operation and successfully treated with excision of the tumour and ipsilateral hemithyroidectomy. In one patient the diagnosis was made only after local recurrence of the tumour and the appearance of lung metastasis. Although removal of local recurrence and distant metastasis was not curative, the patient improved for a long period of time. When surgical resection did not successfully control the hypercalcemia, Mithramycin, 12.5 micrograms/kg intravenous daily was given for five days. With two days interruption the treatment was repeated. The hypercalcemia could in this manner be controlled for almost one and a half years. It is concluded that parathyroid carcinoma is a relatively rare endocrine tumour which may be cured by adequate initial operation. When surgery is not feasible to control hypercalcemia, Mithramycin seems to be the drug of choice even for long term therapy. PMID- 6231154 TI - Multifocal pyomyositis. Diagnosis on technetium-99m MDP bone scan. AB - Pyomyositis is a bacterial infection of skeletal muscle occurring in the absence of trauma or a primary site of infection. The condition is rare in temperate climates. The diagnosis is often difficult to make and frequently delayed since the suppurative process is confined by the tense overlying muscle and fascia. The bone scan is very useful in differentiating underlying osteomyelitis and septic arthritis. An 11-year-old boy is described who presented with multifocal pyomyositis in the elbow region and thigh. Lateral blood pool images suggested infection with liquefaction within the muscles without evidence of osteomyelitis. PMID- 6231155 TI - Radionuclide venographic demonstration of portal and systemic collaterals in a case of complete IVC obstruction. AB - Radionuclide venography can be used to assess deep venous thrombosis and IVC obstruction. We present a case which, to our knowledge, has not been previously described, in which the entire liver and lungs are simultaneously visualized secondary to portal-caval and caval-systemic collaterals, respectively. PMID- 6231156 TI - The immediate pressor response to saralasin in man: evidence against sympathetic activation and for intrinsic angiotensin II-like myotropism. AB - The cardiovascular and hormonal effects of intravenous saralasin (0.5, 1 and 5 micrograms min-1 kg-1) were assessed in nine tetraplegic patients (with complete cervical spinal cord transaction above the sympathetic outflow) and in six normal subjects. In the tetraplegic patients, saralasin caused an immediate transient pressor response which was not dose-dependent and substantially greater than the pressor response in normal subjects. The pressor response in the tetraplegic patients was not accompanied by a rise in levels of plasma noradrenaline. In the tetraplegic patients, after alpha-adrenoceptor blockade with thymoxamine (1 mg kg 1 h-1), twice the dose of intravenous noradrenaline was needed to induce the same pressor response. The pressor response to saralasin (5 micrograms kg-1 min-1), however, was unaffected by thymoxamine. Saralasin caused minimal changes in levels of plasma renin activity and plasma aldosterone in both groups. There was no relationship between basal plasma renin activity and the pressor response in either group. We therefore conclude that the immediate transient pressor response to saralasin in man is not due to central sympathetic stimulation, is unlikely to be due to peripheral sympathetic activation and is probably the result of intrinsic angiotensin II-like myotropism. PMID- 6231157 TI - Experimental study of antibiotic-induced immunosuppression in mice. 1. Humoral and cell-mediated immune responsiveness related to in vivo antibiotic treatment. AB - By using CBA/J mice as responders, the immunodepressive effect of seven antibacterial chemotherapeutic agents was tested, i.e. penicillin (pen), streptomycin (str), erythromycin (erm), kanamycin (kan), tetracycline (tet), colistin (col) and chloramphenicol (chl). Lymphocytotoxicity power, as well as the ability of each drug to influence secondary humoral (against sheep red blood cells or diphtheria anatoxin) or cell-mediated (against PPD and Coxsackie A9 virus) immunity were searched. Erm, col and chl markedly depressed humoral and cell-mediated immune responsiveness in vitro after in vivo treatment with non cytotoxical amounts. The Th lymphocyte supplementation of B reactive spleen cell population recovered the immune capacity in col and chl in vivo-treated groups, but not in erm-treated group. PMID- 6231158 TI - Experimental study of antibiotic-induced immunosuppression in mice. II. Th, Ts and NC cell involvement. AB - In penicillin(pen), streptomycin(str), kanamycin(kan) and tetracycline(tet) treated CBA/J adult mice, no difference was noticed as concerned spleen T "helper" (Th) cell activity, as studied by means of response to PHA of X irradiated/whole T fraction cell mixtures in vitro. On the contrary, in erythromycin(erm), colistin(col) and chloramphenicol(chl)-treated groups, Th cell activity was significantly decreased. On the other hand, spleen T "suppressor" (Ts) cell activity (assayed by response to PHA of mixtures containing pre incubated with Concanavalin A and whole T cells, respectively) was augmented in samples arising from chl-treated group. These results are also supported by experiments testing Th or Ts soluble factors, induced in spleen T cells belonging to each antibiotic-treated group and purified by affinity chromatography (Concanavalin A-Sepharose 4B columns). Thus, it was confirmed both Th cell deficiency in erm, col or chl-groups, and Ts cell augmentation in chl-group. As regards spleen "natural cytotoxic" (NC) cell activity, as tested in a xenogeneic "target" cell substrate, a diminished cytotoxic capacity manifested chl-group derived NC cells, possibly by richness in own "non-specific suppressor" (NSS) cells. NC cell samples in vitro supplemented with NSS cells arising from suckling mouse spleens and a lower cytotoxic activity, in a larger extent in chl-group derived NC cells, as compared to other groups. The pre-incubation of control group-NC cells with several antibiotic preparations in vitro was followed by decrease of the cytotoxic values in erm, col and chl-samples, suggesting a drug induced NC receptor "masking", that prevented "target" cell recognition in mice- II. In the case of NSS addition in vitro, as strong inhibition of the cytotoximity occurred in chl-treated NC cells derived from the control group, that proves a possible chloramphenicol-induced immunodepression by potentiation of NSS inhibitory effect on NC cells. Based upon data from the present work, as well as from the previous work, the authors suggest a classification of several mechanisms by which the antibacterial antibiotics can act as immunosuppressive. PMID- 6231159 TI - Occupational burns. AB - Certain occupations cause particular kinds of burn. Minor burns are usually neglected. Observation of industrial workers during routine annual medical examination found many workers with minor occupational burns and their sequalae. Some were so characteristic that they can be regarded as occupational marks. PMID- 6231160 TI - Occupational contact dermatitis from cytosine arabinoside synthesis. PMID- 6231161 TI - Contact allergy to the cutting oil preservatives Bioban CS-1246 and P-1487. PMID- 6231162 TI - Contact allergy to paratertiary butylphenol formaldehyde resin in an adhesive label. PMID- 6231163 TI - Dermatitis in paperhangers. PMID- 6231164 TI - Vascular changes in hyperacute meningococcal sepsis as a manifestation of pathogenic action of immune complexes. AB - The analysis of post mortem examinations of 175 cases of meningococcal sepsis concentrates on a description of vascular changes as the chief manifestation of the given disease. The changes consisted in the destruction of the endothelium, mucoid swelling or fibrinoid changes of the wall of minute vessels, and disseminated intravascular blood clotting. In sum, these changes can be described as generalized microangiothrombopathy. In the affected vascular walls and in the thrombotic masses the presence of antigen-antibody immune complexes was found. It is therefore possible to regard hyperacute meningococcal sepsis as a manifestation of pathogenic action of immune complexes--as a consequence of massive blood invasion by antigen and of rapid formation of a great number of antigen-antibody complexes. PMID- 6231165 TI - Assessment of left and right ventricular hypertrophy by various macroscopic techniques. AB - Comparisons were made of macroscopic methods evolved by Fulton el al., Stofer and Hiratzka, Reiner et al., and Bove et al., for assessing right and left ventricular hypertrophy on control material and on pathologically changed hearts (infarctions, scars after infarctions, aneurysms) at autopsies of material obtained from a cardiological centre. The most suitable method for the purposes of such a centre was found to be the method of Bove et al., possibly combined with the methods of Stofer and Hiratzka. PMID- 6231166 TI - Dichotic-listening performance following auditory discrimination training in Down's syndrome and developmentally retarded children. AB - The ear advantages of groups of Down's syndrome, developmentally retarded (aetiology of retardation unknown) and normal children were compared for repeated administrations of a dichotic word test both before and following auditory discrimination training. Training involved words from the dichotic test. The developmentally retarded and normal groups showed the expected right ear advantage, whereas the Down's syndrome group showed an advantage favouring the left ear. However, ear advantages regardless of their direction were of a similar order for the three groups and, further, were stronger for tests which followed training. These results suggest atypical right hemisphere representation of speech perception for Down's syndrome but not for developmentally retarded children. PMID- 6231167 TI - T-lymphocytosis in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of hypersensitivity pneumonitis. Changes in profile of T-cell subsets during the course of disease. AB - Recently, increased proportions of OKT 4+ helper T-lymphocytes have been reported in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid of patients with active sarcoidosis. In this study we were interested in T-cell subsets of hypersensitivity pneumonitis, a disease characterized by a similar increase in BAL T-lymphocytes as active sarcoidosis. We applied an immunoperoxidase method performed on glass slides using the monoclonal antibodies OKT 3, 4, and 8 to study T-cell subsets in blood and BAL of eight patients with hypersensitivity pneumonitis, 11 patients with active sarcoidosis, and ten control subjects. OKT 8+ suppressor cells were found to be the predominant cell type in the BAL of patients with hypersensitivity pneumonitis and recent antigen exposure. After avoidance of further antigen exposure, suppressor cells decreased and helper cells increased. The results suggest that T-lymphocytosis in BAL of hypersensitivity pneumonitis and pulmonary sarcoidosis is mediated by different immunologic mechanisms. PMID- 6231168 TI - Treatment of type I diabetes with portable insulin infusion devices. AB - The development of portable insulin infusion devices has been a major advance in the treatment of type I diabetes mellitus. They can provide a safe and effective method for obtaining long-term normal or near-normal glycemia in well-selected patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. The criteria for patient selection and indications for long-term pump treatment are outlined. The known effects of treatment with portable insulin infusion devices on the metabolic abnormalities and long-term microvascular complications of diabetes mellitus are reviewed. PMID- 6231170 TI - [Assessment of the first 154 cases of celioscopy in Cotonou]. PMID- 6231169 TI - Localized skin reactions to insulin: insulin lipodystrophies and skin reactions to pumped subcutaneous insulin therapy. AB - Patients treated with insulin can develop a variety of adverse cutaneous and subcutaneous reactions localized at sites of insulin injection. The reported frequency, severity, and type of skin reactions to insulin are varied, as are the theories relating to their etiology and recommendations for treatment. In this review, several types of localized skin reactions to insulin injection will be described. Particular attention will be devoted to insulin lipoatrophy and skin reactions in patients using mechanical devices for continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion. Recent advances in diabetes care have made insulin-induced lipoatrophy a preventable and treatable disorder. However, localized skin reactions are emerging as a potential problem among users of insulin infusion pumps. PMID- 6231171 TI - [Human bone marrow suppressor cells]. PMID- 6231172 TI - [Work in a humid environment as a conditioning factor in the genesis of occupation-induced dermatoses]. AB - In a prospective study undertaken from 1980-1983 the risk of developing occupational eczemas among apprentices usually working in a wet environment was analysed. Investigations involving 305 volunteers from technical colleges revealed a marked increase of dermatoses in subjects occupationally exposed to wet conditions. The influence of water and detergents on the barrier function of the horny layer of the epidermis is discussed. PMID- 6231173 TI - Sickness and absence from work due to skin diseases in the construction industry. Review of the literature. AB - A review of the literature makes it evident that occupational dermatoses in construction and building workers probably are the most important dermatological cause of sickness and absence of work in industry. Information on the real medical and social importance of these diseases is scarce. On the one hand published data point out that many working days are lost with important financial consequences. On the other hand it has also been noted that workers, despite more or less extensive dermatological problems, sometimes try to continue their work without even consulting a physician. The available information is based on out patient records and/or insurance files only. Further investigations by trained dermatologists and experienced industrial physicians are necessary to detect and study early cases of occupational dermatosis. Follow-up studies on the further course are also imperative. Systemic longitudinal investigations will provide a more complete picture of the real medical and social importance of occupational dermatoses in this important branch of industry. PMID- 6231174 TI - [Sensitizing effect of a 20% benzoyl peroxide preparation used for the treatment of leg ulcer]. AB - The investigation of patients with leg ulcers, treated with a concentrated benzoylperoxide solution, revealed a sensitization to the substance in nearly half of the probands. Therefore and because of the probable promotion of neoplastic epidermal proliferation, benzoylperoxide-containing solutions should be used for the treatment of leg ulcers in selected cases only. PMID- 6231175 TI - [Eczema in hairdressers]. AB - Among cases of occupational dermatoses, eczema in hairdressers was reported most frequently in Austria during 1981 and 1982. Analysing 247 reports, extensive data could be obtained with regard to predisposition, clinical pattern, course, contact sensitization, skin tests, prognosis, influence on occupational development, rehabilitation, and disability pension. Epicutaneous tests with standard allergens and a hairdressers' screening tray proved to be positive in 71%. Nickel (44,7%) and para-haircolors (40,2%) top the allergen list. With exception of cobalt (19,1%) and balsam of Peru (4%) all other substances tested were found to be positive in less than 4%. 65% of nickel sensitive probands reacted to their occupationally used shampoos, as compared to only 34% of nickel negative probands. Of hairdressers allergic to para-colors, 48.1% showed positive ECT tests to their haircolors, 4/13 patients allergic to ammonium thioglycollate reacted to permanent wave liquids used at their work. Two thirds of nickel sensitive hairdressers were sensitized during apprenticeship. Alkali resistance (AR) was decreased in 35% of patients tested. AR results from the irritant dermatitis patients were worse than those from persons with contact allergy. Of the hairdressers affected, 61.8% had to discontinue their professions for medical reasons. Of those who continued a hairdresser's career only 32% of patients with allergic contact eczema and 58% of patients with irritant eczema had no skin problems (mean period of observation: 15 months). The proportion of atopics was found to be normal within the patient material, but prognosis is unfavorable once atopic hairdressers have developed hand eczema. After discontinuation of occupation, clinical resolution was slowest in patients allergic to nickel. Of those previously occupied as hairdressers 15% ended up in a wet working environment unsuitable to their skin condition.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6231176 TI - [Local infusion therapy in liver metastases of colorectal cancers. Results of a phase-II study]. AB - The course of 32 patients with liver metastases of colorectal carcinoma, treated with liver infusions (5-fluorouracil, 500 mg/m2, or floxuridine, 12 mg/m2 daily) was compared with that of 40 regularly examined but untreated patients (control group) in whom, at most three months after a previous negative examination, non resectable bilateral metastases with initially less than 25% liver involvement had been found. The two groups were comparable with respect to onset pattern and volume of liver metastases. CEA values, ultrasound and computer tomography were obtained in both groups within three months. Mean survival time in the control group was 7.3 (4-14) months. In the treatment group the catheter had been placed either transvenously or transarterially. Mean survival time in this group is at present 17 (4-46) months, with a remission rate of 81%; 18 of the 32 patients are still alive. The high catheter complication rate with the external systems has recently been completely avoided by using implantable pump systems. Liver infusion treatment is judged to be a hopeful measure in liver metastases from colo-rectal carcinoma, with respect to survival time, tumour regression and quality of life. PMID- 6231177 TI - [Extracorporeal fertilization. A new possibility for the treatment of sterility]. PMID- 6231178 TI - [Is Monroe's point the site of choice for the establishment of pneumoperitoneum in laparoscopy?]. AB - On the occasion of a case of death during performance of pneumoperitoneum before peritoneoscopy the presence of adhesions in the left lower quadrant of the abdomen in 850 peritoneoscopied patients was investigated. In 91,55% of the evaluated results the left lower quadrant of the abdomen was free from adhesions. Thus, the Monroe-point is even further on the place of choice in order to make the pneumoperitoneum. The Verres-needles are preferable to all other types of needles. PMID- 6231179 TI - Androgen dependence of protein N-glycosylation in rat epididymis. AB - The rat epididymis is known to produce and secrete glycoproteins which interact with spermatozoa during the maturation process. The synthesis of the protein core of these compounds is dependent on androgenic stimulation. As a consequence, we studied the possible androgenic control of the N-glycosylation process dependent on the dolichol (Dol) pathway. Glucosyl and mannosyl transferase activities in rat epididymal microsomes decreased by approximately 76% after only 2 days of castration with respect to intact controls. Depleted mannosyl transferase activity could be restored to control values by administration of 100 micrograms/day testosterone propionate (TP) for 4 days. The effect of 20 micrograms/day TP was blocked by the simultaneous administration of 500 micrograms/day of the antiandrogen cyproterone acetate. The addition of excess dolichyl phosphate (12 times the Michaelis-Menten constant (Km) value) to the incubation mixture did not eliminate the difference in mannosyltransferase activity between epididymal microsomes from castrated rats and these from control or testosterone-treated animals. Moreover, the endogenous pool of dolichyl phosphate was found unchanged in the different hormonal situations. Finally, the incorporation of [14C]mannose into lipid-bound oligosaccharides and into glycoproteins was decreased by approximately 60% as a result of castration and reinduced to control values by treatment with TP (50 micrograms/day for 4 days). The results demonstrate the androgen dependence of the initial steps of N glycosylation in the rat epididymis and suggest that the hormonal regulation is exerted at the level of Dol-nucleotide sugar transferases, rather than upon the size of the endogenous Dol phosphate pool. PMID- 6231180 TI - Presence of heparan sulfate proteoglycan in thyroid tissue. AB - Glycosaminoglycan (GAG) was extracted from the porcine thyroid gland with a buffer containing 5.3 M guanidine-HCl and proteolytic enzyme inhibitors and was fractionated by subsequent isodensity CsCl centrifugation. 60% of uronic acid positive materials was accumulated in the bottom one-fourth fraction with high buoyant density. More than 90% of this uronic acid positive material in the thyroid tissue was heparin or heparan sulfate (sensitive to nitrous acid treatment) and the rest was chondroitin sulfate or dermatan sulfate (sensitive to chondroitinase ABC treatment). When the accumulated high buoyant density GAG was analyzed on a Sepharose CL-6-B column, approximately 14% of the heparin sulfate were in the macromolecular portion as a form of proteoglycan because it was destroyed by the papain digestion or alkaline borohydride treatment which extensively digests protein or releases GAG from protein by the elimination reaction, respectively. This study demonstrates the existence of heparin sulfate proteoglycan in thyroid tissue for the first time. PMID- 6231181 TI - In vitro activity of teicoplanin and vancomycin against anaerobes. PMID- 6231182 TI - Synthesis and properties of (4-13C)NAD+. Observation of its binding to yeast alcohol dehydrogenase by 13C-NMR spectroscopy. AB - Starting from (13C)formic acid, acetone and cyanoacetamide samples of (4 13C)nicotinic acid and (4-13C)-nicotinamide were synthesised in an overall and additive yield of 11%. 1H-NMR and mass spectroscopy showed 90% enrichment of 13C in the expected position. NADase-catalysed exchange between thionicotinamide adenine dinucleotide and (4-13C)nicotinamide furnished (4-13C)NAD+ which was purified, characterized and quantified by 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR spectroscopy and by enzymic assay. The 13C-NMR signal of (4-13C)beta-NAD+ (146.09 ppm) was broadened and shifted (147.83 ppm) upon binding to yeast alcohol dehydrogenase. PMID- 6231183 TI - Calmodulin content and activity of Ca2+-ATPase and phospholipase A2 in rat Kupffer cells. AB - A protein resembling calmodulin was isolated from non-parenchymal and parenchymal cells of rat liver by affinity chromatography. The biological activity of the purified protein was assessed by the bovine brain cAMP phosphodiesterase assay. A highly sensitive radioimmunoassay as well as the cAMP phosphodiesterase method were employed to determine the calmodulin content of crude extracts from monolayer cultures of rat Kupffer cells and hepatocytes. An ATP-dependent, calmodulin-enhanced calcium transport was demonstrated in a membrane fraction of the non-parenchymal cells. Phospholipase A2 activity specific for 2-arachidonoyl phosphatide and with a pH optimum of 8.1 was measured in homogenized Kupffer cells; it was stimulated by agents previously shown to enhance prostaglandin synthesis in Kupffer cells, e.g. zymosan particles and lipopolysaccharide isolated from Salmonella minnesota. The increase in activity was completely prevented by pretreatment with or simultaneous addition of R 24571, a known calmodulin antagonist. However, if this inhibitor or calmodulin was added to the cell-free extract phospholipase A2 activity was not influenced. Phospholipase A1 activity could be detected at pH 5 only, showing a slight decrease in the homogenate of stimulated macrophages. Acyltransferase activity was high but independent of treatment of the Kupffer cells. PMID- 6231184 TI - 67Ga accumulation and heparan sulfate metabolism in lysosomes. AB - 67Ga incorporation in the mitochondrial-lysosomal (Mt-Ly) fraction of rat liver increased sharply from 1 to 24 h after 67Ga IV injection, whereas that in the 105,000 g supernatant fraction decreased sharply from 6 to 48 h. Further, when 14C-labeled heparan sulfate (HS: biosynthesized by injection of [1-14C] glucosamine into a rat) was injected intravenously into a rat treated with Triton WR-1339, and the liver was isolated and fractionated, the radioactivity of 14C was concentrated in the lysosomal fraction. The effect of HS on 67Ga uptake in normal rat liver was also studied. On administration of 67Ga-HS complex, the peak uptake of administered radioactivity of 67Ga in rat liver occurred sooner than after the injection of 67Ga alone. The change was greatest in the Mt-Ly fraction among the subcellular fractions. Moreover, the 67Ga uptake in rat liver increased with increasing doses of HS. These results suggest that administered 67Ga may be bound to HS and that the concentration of 67Ga in lysosomes may be related to the in vivo metabolism of HS. PMID- 6231185 TI - Phase II study of doxifluridine in advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. AB - We conducted a phase II trial with 5'-deoxy-5-fluoridine (doxifluridine) in advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. The drug was given at the dose of 4 g/m2 daily X 5 every 3 weeks. Twenty eligible patients entered this trial, 12 being evaluable for response to doxifluridine. The majority of these patients received previous treatment for cancer. One complete and two partial remissions were observed (25%). Drug-induced toxicity consisted mainly of myelosuppression, mild nausea and vomiting, stomatitis and central nervous system side-effects. Other dosages or schedules for doxifluridine administration might be explored in poor-risk patients. PMID- 6231186 TI - MRC OX-19: a monoclonal antibody that labels rat T lymphocytes and augments in vitro proliferative responses. AB - A mouse monoclonal antibody, designated MRC OX-19, has been prepared that binds to virtually all rat thymocytes, T lymphocytes and a maximum of 2% B lymphocytes. Immunoperoxidase studies on tissue sections showed no reactivity with nonlymphoid cells in intestine, thymus, spleen and lymph node. The antigen recognized by MRC OX-19 antibody was identified by metabolic and cell surface labeling of thymocytes followed by immunoprecipitation and sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis. It is a surface glycoprotein of Mr = 69 000. When included in in vitro assays for T cell functions, MRC OX-19 increased proliferation stimulated by allogeneic spleen cells or the lectins phytohemagglutinin and concanavalin A. The antibody itself was not mitogenic and its stimulatory effect could be correlated with an increase in interleukin 2 production. Taken together the data suggest that MRC OX-19 could be the equivalent of mouse Ly-1 antigen and human T1 antigen. PMID- 6231187 TI - Control of the immune complex-complement interaction by protein H of the alternative complement pathway and the natural inhibitor heparin. AB - The potential of the negative regulatory protein H of the alternative complement pathway convertase and of heparin in modulating the complement-dependent capacity of fresh serum to inhibit immune complex precipitation (CIICP) between bovine serum albumin (BSA) and rabbit anti-BSA as well as tetanus toxoid (TT) and human anti-TT was assessed. Additions of purified H to serum to increase the intrinsic concentration of this protein by 80% (BSA-anti-BSA system) and 190% (TT-anti-TT system) resulted in an inhibition of CIICP by 50% and 60%, respectively, whereas further increase of the amount of H lead to a decrease of its inhibitory activity. A similar effect was observed with heparin: at a concentration of 400 U/ml a 90% inhibition of CIICP in the TT-anti-TT system was obtained which diminished at higher heparin concentrations. The effect of H on C3 deposition to immune aggregates was assessed through its influence on C3b-mediated immune adherence hemagglutination; factor H dose-dependently suppressed such hemagglutination induced by aggregated human IgG or preformed TT-anti-TT complexes when added to the immune complex-fresh serum mixture at the outset but not after 45 min of the 37 degrees C incubation period which means that H inhibited more likely decoration of immune complexes with C3b than it did inhibit the interaction of C3b-coated immune complexes with erythrocytes. This suppressive effect of H was reversed by the simultaneous addition of the activating protein B. Complement-mediated binding of tritiated C3 to latex-bound human IgG was assessed and H was found to dose-dependently inhibit such binding with a maximal inhibition of 37% at a H concentration of 7 micrograms/ml. PMID- 6231188 TI - T-dependent activation of resting B cells mediated by concanavalin A. AB - In cultures containing long-term cultured lines of antigen-specific helper T (Th) cells, normal unprimed B cells and concanavalin A (Con A), induction of B cells to immunoglobulin secretion and DNA synthesis was observed. The plaque-forming cell (PFC) response was large (frequently greater than 75 000 PFC/10(6) input B cells) demonstrating the polyspecific nature of the response. Con A-mediated maturation and induction to DNA synthesis of responding B cells was completely Th cell dependent and inhibited with methyl-alpha-D-mannoside. Both resting and blasted B cells, separated by Percoll density centrifugation, were induced to DNA synthesis and immunoglobulin secretion. Responses were completely unrestricted by the B cell major histocompatibility complex, even at the level of the resting B cell. The polyclonal nature of the response taken together with the Con A mediated bypassing of T cell specificity and restricting haplotype indicates that this response is analogous to lectin-mediated cytotoxicity. PMID- 6231189 TI - Direct mitogenic effect of ionophore A23187 on isolated human T helper lymphocytes. AB - The Ca2+ ionophore A23187 induces only a weak mitogenic response in cultures of unfractionated mononuclear leukocytes from human blood. When a comitogen, 12-O tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate, which by itself is nonmitogenic, is added, a greatly increased cell proliferation is obtained. Highly purified T lymphocytes respond by proliferation to A23187 alone. Studies on functional subsets of T cells, fractionated by using the monoclonal antibodies OKT4/OKT8, revealed that A23187 is a strong mitogen for pure T helper cells (T4+). This suggests that increased cytosolic Ca2+ directly triggers a proliferative response in T helper cells with no apparent need for accessory cells. PMID- 6231190 TI - Possible role of central serotoninergic neurons in the development of dental pain and aspirin-induced analgesia in the monkey. AB - The effects of aspirin or 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)-related drugs on the dental pain induced by electrical stimulation of tooth pulp afferent fibers were assessed in conscious monkeys. The electrical current required for producing jaw opening is referred to as the pain threshold. Both systemic (25 to 75 mg/kg, i.p.) or central (0.5 to 1.5 mg, third cerebral ventricle) administration of aspirin produced analgesia in monkeys. In addition, activation of central 5-HT receptors with central injection of either 5-HT or its precursor, 5 hydroxytryptophan, also produced analgesia. On the other hand, inhibition of central 5-HT receptors with central administration of either cyproheptadine (a blocking agent of 5-HT receptors), p-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA, an inhibitor of 5 HT synthesis) or 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine (5,7-DHT, a depletor of central 5-HT nerve fibers) produced an enhancement in pain sensitivity (or a decrease in pain threshold). Furthermore, the analgesia induced by aspirin was antagonized by pretreatment of monkeys with either cyproheptadine, PCPA, or 5,7-DHT. The results indicate that increases in the activity of central 5-HT neurons are associated with reduced dental pain and enhanced aspirin-induced analgesia, whereas decreases in the activity of those neurons correlate with dental hyperalgesia and diminished aspirin-induced analgesia in monkeys. PMID- 6231191 TI - Depo-Provera: the jury still out. PMID- 6231192 TI - The development of a successful non-university-based ambulatory in vitro fertilization/embryo transfer program: phase I. AB - Most of the current in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET) programs are university-based. The establishment of a successful ambulatory IVF program in association with a busy, two-man general obstetrics-gynecologic practice is described. Seventy-one infertile couples were screened between February 1 and October 15, 1983. Forty-three couples were judged eligible for IVF-ET. Forty three women underwent a single attempt at ET. The first 13 of these women underwent controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) with 150 mg clomiphene citrate and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), and the remaining 30 underwent COH with human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG) and hCG. One of the 13 patients who underwent COH with clomiphene citrate conceived but subsequently miscarried early in the first trimester, for an 8% pregnancy rate. There were 12 pregnancies among the 30 patients who received hMG and hCG, for a 40% pregnancy rate. Only three of these pregnancies miscarried in the early first trimester, and three of the nine viable pregnancies are twin gestations. The possible factors responsible for the high pregnancy rate with IVF-ET, using COH with hMG and hCG, are discussed, and the feasibility of its performance in a well-controlled, non-university program is demonstrated. PMID- 6231194 TI - Laparoscopic salpingostomy utilizing the CO2 laser. AB - A new technique for performing a terminal salpingostomy using the CO2 laser via laparoscopy has been developed. This operative procedure is described, and the clinical results of the first 22 patients are reported. A hysterosalpingogram documented tubal patency rate of 75% was noted 2 months postoperatively. Within the first 12 months postoperatively, there have been five pregnancies, including one ectopic gestation and one spontaneous abortion. Operative laparoscopy with the CO2 laser for distal salpingostomy may provide an acceptable alternative to laparotomy in selected patients. PMID- 6231193 TI - The periovulatory and luteal phase of conception cycles following in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer. AB - The pattern of periovulatory and luteal phase levels of serum estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P) were compared between 8 conception and 28 nonconception cycles of patients undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF). Ten additional women served as control subjects and did not undergo follicular aspiration. Follicle growth was induced with an individualized Pergonal (human menopausal gonadotropin) regimen, and laparoscopy was performed 36 hours after human chorionic gonadotropin administration. The length of the luteal phase did not differ significantly among the three groups and was between 14 and 15 days in duration. When IVF conception cycles were compared with nonconception cycles, although no difference in the number of large follicles was observed (4.25 +/- 0.45 versus 3.6 +/- 0.25), the patterns of E2 and P differed significantly. Daily serum E2 levels tended to be higher in the periovulatory phase in conception cycles when compared with nonconception cycles, and were significantly (P less than 0.05) higher in the early, mid, and late luteal phases. Serum P levels were significantly higher (P less than 0.05) in conception cycles from the midluteal phase onward. A decline in both serum E2 and P in the midluteal phase in conception cycles suggested some degree of corpus luteum deficiency. It is suggested that high E2 levels in the periovulatory phase may be an indicator of better follicular development under human menopausal gonadotropin stimulation and that the deficiency observed in the late luteal phase is overcome with the establishment of pregnancy. PMID- 6231195 TI - The nature of posttuboplasty pelvic adhesions as determined by early and late laparoscopy. AB - This study evaluates the gross and histologic difference between adhesions found in early laparoscopy (4 to 16 weeks afer surgery), compared with laparoscopy at approximately 18 months after the original tubal operation. Sixty-one patients who had undergone similar surgical procedures for infertility were evaluated. Forty-one patients underwent late laparoscopy, and 20 underwent early laparoscopy. Postoperatively, 60% of the early laparoscopy patients had filmy avascular adhesions, whereas 63% of the late laparoscopy patients had thicker, neovascular adhesions. This allows us to conclude that the adhesions immediately postoperatively are histologically different from those appearing a longer time after the original operation. PMID- 6231196 TI - Hepatitis B vaccine and the dental assistant. PMID- 6231198 TI - Symposium on pedodontics. PMID- 6231197 TI - Viral hepatitis--an occupational dental disease. PMID- 6231199 TI - Guidelines for outpatient general anesthesia to provide comprehensive dental treatment. PMID- 6231200 TI - Professional marketing for the pedodontic practice. PMID- 6231201 TI - Treatment of disabled patients in private practice. PMID- 6231202 TI - Biosynthesis of dolichyl pyrophosphate N-acetylglucosaminyl intermediates in liver microsomes from hibernating ground squirrels (Citellus citellus L.). AB - Dolichyl pyrophosphate N-acetyl[14C]glucosamine was synthesized after incubation of liver microsomes from hibernating ground squirrels with UDP-N-acetyl[14C )glucosamine. The radioactivity of glycolipid formed by liver microsomes from hibernating ground squirrels was about 2-fold greater than by liver microsomes from active animals. Addition of exogenous dolichyl phosphate to the incubation mixture increased the formation of dolichyl pyrophosphate N acetyl[14C]glucosamine by microsomes from both active and hibernating ground squirrels about 6 times. Liver microsomes from hibernating ground squirrels converted dolichyl pyrophosphate N-acetyl[14C]glucosamine into dolichyl pyrophosphate N,N'-diacetyl[14C]chitobiose in the presence of unlabelled UDP-N acetylglucosamine. This conversion was maximal at 1.0 M concentration of unlabelled UDP-N-acetylglucosamine. The level of dolichyl phosphate assessed by the level of dolichyl pyrophosphate N-acetylglucosamine formation was nearly 2 times greater in liver microsomes from hibernating ground squirrels than from active animals. PMID- 6231203 TI - Glucuronidation and glucosidation reactions in aquatic species in boreal regions. PMID- 6231204 TI - Reduced diabetogenic effect of streptozotocin in rats previously adapted to a high-protein, carbohydrate-free diet. AB - The diabetogenic effects of streptozotocin (STZ) (40 or 60 mg/kg body wt, i.v.) were examined in rats that had been previously fed either a high-protein, carbohydrate-free (HP) diet (70% protein, 8% fat) or a control diet (66% carbohydrate, 16% protein, 8% fat), and maintained on the same diets after drug injection. Rats on the HP diet 15-21 days before STZ administration showed reduced mortality and decreased severity of diabetes as judged by rate of body weight change, plasma glucose, urine volume and glycosuria, serum and pancreatic insulin, and morphology of islets of Langerhans. In rats on the control diet, values for serum and pancreatic insulin did not differ 2 and 14 days after 40 mg/kg of STZ. In contrast, in rats under the HP regimen, serum insulin levels doubled 14 days after STZ and pancreatic insulin content was almost 20 times higher than at day 2. Rats previously fed on the HP diet for 21 days, but transferred to the control diet 2 days after STZ injection, also showed reduced severity of diabetes, as indicated by rates of body-weight gain, urinary excretion of urea, and levels of serum and pancreatic insulin. However, in these animals the effects of the HP diet were not as marked as those observed in the rats that were maintained on the HP diet after STZ injection.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6231205 TI - Effect of medroxyprogesterone acetate on the digestive and absorptive functions of rat intestine. AB - The effects of medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) on the digestive and absorptive functions of the small intestinal epithelium have been investigated in female albino rats. The transport of sodium-dependent glucose was significantly enhanced while sodium-independent transport remained unaltered in drug-treated animals. The uptake of amino-acids was also considerably increased, while Ca++ uptake decreased significantly on administration of the drug at a dose of 35 mg/kg body weight once a week for 1 month. Kinetic studies of glucose transport in the presence of sodium ions revealed that MPA treatment affected the rate of uptake of glucose by elevating Vmax, but the Km value remained the same in treated and untreated animals. The administration of the drug also led to significant augmentation in the activities of the brush border enzymes, disaccharidases, and to an insignificant decrease in alkaline phosphatase. The activities of leucine aminopeptidase did not show any change. The enhancement in sucrase activity might be due to induction of the enzyme because only Vmax was elevated in treated animals. As concerns cellular enzymes, lactate dehydrogenase activity was significantly depressed. This study suggests that MPA also exerts glucocorticoid like effects on the intestinal tissue. PMID- 6231206 TI - Rat bladder in the early stages of streptozotocin-induced diabetes: adrenergic and cholinergic innervation. AB - The adrenergic and cholinergic innervation of the bladder was studied in streptozotocin-diabetic rats. The presence of hypertrophy and distension in the 'diabetic' bladders necessitates care in assessing changes occurring in the nerves, factors which are also relevant to clinical histochemical studies. Biochemical assays of cholinergic enzymes revealed decreased activities per g wet weight tissue. However, the total activities of choline acetyltransferase and acetylcholinesterase per whole bladder were significantly increased after 2 weeks of diabetes with greater changes by 8 weeks. Total dopamine levels per bladder were significantly higher than in control rats in the 2-week but not the 8-week group of animals; this may indicate an initial increase in adrenergic nerve activity. There was no impairment in the ability of the detrusor muscle to respond to noradrenaline, acetylcholine or to cholinergic nerve stimulation. Shortly after induction of diabetes streptozotocin-treated rats display polyuria. It is proposed that the activity of the bladder is therefore stimulated to allow greater volumes of urine to be passed. The results are discussed in relation to human diabetes mellitus where clinical studies have implicated a neuropathic origin to bladder dysfunction. PMID- 6231207 TI - [Blood amino acids pattern in Cushing's syndrome]. PMID- 6231208 TI - [Longitudinal echocardiographic evaluation in children with thalassemia major]. AB - We report the results of a longitudinal echocardiographic survey on 15 children with thalassemia major, who had received multiple transfusions. The average interval between the two examinations was 2.9 +/- 0.7 years. At the second examination the mean hemoglobin (Hb) level for the group was higher because of the increased number of transfusions. During the same period of time the chelating treatment with desferrioxamine was administered subcutaneously instead of intramuscularly. The following echocardiographic parameters have been measured: left ventricular dimension, diastolic (LVDd); left ventricular dimension, systolic (LVDs); septal thickness, diastolic (STd); free wall, diastolic (FWd); left atrial dimension (LAD); aortic root (AoR); fractional shortening (FA); velocity of circumferential shortening (VCF). At the first examination 6 patients had abnormal values of LVDd, STd and AoR; 10 subjects had increased LAD; the mean Hb levels of the patients with abnormal STd and LAD was significantly lower than in normals (p less than 0.05 and less than 0.01 respectively). At the second examination 8 patients had abnormal LVDd values and 7 had increased LAD. Only the patients with increased LVDd had lower Hb values. Patients with increased LAD had received more transfusions. The following functional parameters were found to be decreased at the second study: FA (29 +/- 3.3 vs 32.6 +/- 7; p less than 0.05); VCF (1.16 +/- 0.25 vs 0.99 +/- 0.14; p less than 0.05). From the results it appears that the change of treatment improved some parameters (STd, AoR, LAD), but was unable to arrest the deterioration of the LV contractile efficiency.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6231210 TI - Passive and active immunoprophylaxis of hepatitis B. PMID- 6231209 TI - Peritoneoscopy of the liver stained by intravenous injection of indocyanine green experimental and clinical studies. AB - Liver surface patterns were observed by peritoneoscopy after intravenous injection of indocyanine green (ICG). The normal rat liver was diffusely stained dark greenish-brown 5 minutes after the injection of ICG 25 mg/kg body weight into the tail vein. Green spots persisted longer in the centrolobular area, clearly revealing lobular markings. This regional difference in hepatocyte staining suggested differing abilities of hepatocytes to take up or excrete ICG. This dyeing technique was applied to liver disease patients. The liver was diffusely stained light greenish-brown 5 minutes after the injection of ICG 5 mg/kg body weight. In patients, especially those with obscure lobular markings before ICG injection, lobules were clearly demarcated by reddish terminal portal veins against a green background. This simplified detection of lobular distortions. Prenodular patches (Kalk's Bunteflecke) on the liver surface were stained green more intensely than surrounding areas, which supports the hypothesis that patches are composed of active hepatocytes. PMID- 6231211 TI - Gastrointestinal endoscopy and HBV infection: no evidence for a causal relationship. A prospective controlled study. AB - The importance of the different endoscopic procedures in the transmission of hepatitis B was investigated prospectively by following up for 6 months all HBV negative patients endoscoped from April to October 1981. A group of patients admitted in the same period to our unit constituted the control group. Controls were obtained after 1, 3, and 6 months from endoscopy. Infection rate was 1% for the control group and 0.45% for the endoscopy group. The difference is not statistically significant. These results strongly support the view, already present on an uncontrolled basis in the literature, that transmission of hepatitis B is not associated with gastrointestinal endoscopy. PMID- 6231212 TI - Bilateral pneumothoraces complicating peritoneoscopy. PMID- 6231213 TI - Dental considerations for the patient with acute leukemia. PMID- 6231214 TI - Overexpression and purification of the sigma subunit of Escherichia coli RNA polymerase. AB - We have constructed a plasmid that overexpresses 100-fold the sigma subunit of Escherichia coli RNA polymerase. The plasmid was constructed by placing the pLoL promoter-operator of bacteriophage lambda upstream from rpoD, the gene encoding the sigma subunit. A simple procedure for purification of the overexpressed protein has been developed based on guanidine hydrochloride denaturation/renaturation, DEAE cellulose chromatography, and Sephacryl S-200 chromatography. The purified product has been characterized and found to be indistinguishable from normally expressed sigma protein purified by previous protocols as judged by enzymatic activity, heat inactivation, and partial proteolysis. PMID- 6231215 TI - The complete nucleotide sequence of the Neurospora crassa am (NADP-specific glutamate dehydrogenase) gene. AB - The complete nucleotide sequence of a 2.7-kb genomic fragment, containing the Neurospora crassa am [NADP-specific glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH)] gene, has been determined. The transcription initiation and polyadenylation sites have been defined by S1 mapping. There are at least four initiation sites between 35 and 60 bases downstream of a TATAAA sequence. The single polyadenylation site is immediately downstream of a six-nucleotide sequence which is present in the corresponding position in the N. crassa gene (pl) coding for the imported proteolipid component of mitochondrial ATP synthase [Viebrock et al. Embo J. 1 (1982) 565-571] the initiation sites also show some sequence similarity between am and pl. There are two introns, of 66 and 61 bases respectively; they interrupt sequences that are conserved (highly so in the case of the second intron) between Neurospora and Escherichia coli. As well as showing typical consensus splicing sequences, the two introns show some striking internal similarities to each other. The am gene resembles the pl gene in its strongly selective use of codons (pyrimidines preferred to purines and guanine to adenine in third positions). The coding sequence here reported requires four corrections to be made in the previously published amino acid sequence of Neurospora GDH. PMID- 6231216 TI - Mapping of the Q-utilization site (qut) required for antitermination of late transcription in bacteriophage lambda. AB - To locate the site required for transcription antitermination by the gene Q product, we constructed a plasmid containing the p'R promoter, the t'R1 terminator, and gene galK. We measured the galK expression in response to the lambda Q product supplied in trans, while deleting various portions of lambda DNA adjacent to p'R. The presence of the lambda p'R promoter together with the downstream DNA coding for only a 34-bp segment of 5'-proximal 6S RNA permits antitermination to occur, whereas deletions removing this segment abolish antitermination, as measured by galK expression, but do not affect the p'R promoter. Thus the 34-bp segment must contain the p'R-distal (right) boundary of the Q-specific recognition site qut (Fig. 1). The Q-mediated antitermination appears to be p'R-qut specific but not t'R1 specific, since it does not operate with the pp-t'R1 assembly, but is also effective with terminators other than t'R1, e.g., with the combination of the p'R-qut-tL3 modules. PMID- 6231217 TI - [Improving the skills of laboratory physicians of medico-epidemiological stations through mobile training classes]. PMID- 6231218 TI - [History of organization of state sanitary control of water transport in the RSFSR]. PMID- 6231219 TI - [Role of hygienists in the implementation of the Food Program]. PMID- 6231220 TI - [Effectiveness of trees for improving the quality of urban air]. PMID- 6231221 TI - [Reserve personnel as a replacement force for administrative positions in the medico-epidemiological service]. PMID- 6231222 TI - [Introducing the automated system of management into the medico-epidemiological service]. PMID- 6231223 TI - [Awareness of rural inhabitants of the harmful effects of pesticides and of precautionary measures]. PMID- 6231224 TI - [Experience of the Interagency Council in the health maintenance of children and teenagers]. PMID- 6231225 TI - [Basic approaches to improving the prevention and treatment of occupational diseases]. PMID- 6231226 TI - [Occupational health in the production of secondary aluminium]. PMID- 6231227 TI - [Analysis of audiological examinations of railroad mechanics]. PMID- 6231228 TI - [Social health study of vibration disease among workers in the machine industry]. PMID- 6231230 TI - [Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of the lower extremities]. PMID- 6231229 TI - Photoradiation therapy of gynecologic malignancies. AB - Four patients with gynecologic tumors recurrent either to the vagina or skin were treated with photoradiation therapy. A cytotoxic effect on the tumor was achieved by injecting hematoporphyrin derivative intravenously followed by exposing the treatment area to light of 630 nm from an argon-ion pumped-dye laser 72 hr later. Of seven tumor sites which were treated, one was completely destroyed, two were diminished in volume by more than 30%, and no response was seen in four. Toxicity was limited to one episode of facial edema and first-degree burn after prolonged exposure to bright artificial light. Phototherapy might be a useful treatment of some gynecologic tumors which recur after standard attempts at control of disease. PMID- 6231231 TI - [Effect of trapidil on experimental hyperlipemia and atherosclerosis induced by cholesterol diet in SPF Japanese white rabbits]. AB - The effect of trapidil on experimental hyperlipemia and atherosclerosis induced by 1% cholesterol diet in SPF male rabbits (JW/KBL) was investigated by the determination of the lipid contents of the plasma and thoracic aorta and examination of morphological changes in the aorta. Trapidil inhibited the increase of total lipid (TL), total cholesterol (TC), free cholesterol (FC) and phospholipid (PL) by the cholesterol diet in all groups. The level of cholesterol (HDL-C) and phospholipid (HDL-PL) in high density lipoprotein (HDL) remained unchanged after the cholesterol diet and trapidil administration. The atherogenic index (TC-HDL-C/HDL-C, PL-HDL-PL/HDL-PL) was improved by the inhibition of TC and PL by the administration of trapidil. A morphological study of the aorta showed that trapidil inhibited lipid deposition. A microscopic observation of the intima by Sudan III stain showed that inhibition of lipid deposition corresponded with the quantity of trapidil administration. An observation of aorta using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed that trapidil inhibited the presence of form cells due to HCD. This inhibition corresponded with the quantity of trapidil administration; and no form cells were seen in the 50 mg/kg administered group. An observation of intima using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that trapidil inhibited the irregularly elevated regions by HCD. The structure of intima in the 50 mg/kg-administered group was similar to that of the control groups. The observation of the head angiogram showed that trapidil improved the stenosis in the lingual and temporal arteries which was caused by HCD. PMID- 6231232 TI - Speech, language and communication disorders of the multiply handicapped. PMID- 6231233 TI - The PGM1 polymorphism as revealed by ultrathin-layer isoelectric focusing in the population of Padua. AB - The occurrence of PGM1 phenotypes in 589 samples from the population of Padua was investigated by ultrathin-layer isoelectric focusing. All ten phenotypes were observed. Frequencies of the PGM1 alleles (1+ = 0.6180; 1- = 0.1163; 2+ = 0.2122; 2- = 0.0535) have been compared to those found in other populations. PMID- 6231234 TI - Phosphoglucomutase isoenzymes in human teeth. AB - Powdered dentine samples were prepared from fresh teeth and teeth allowed to putrefy for up to 90 days. In some samples dentine only was included, whereas in others dentine plus pulp remnants were used. Extracts of the powders were tested for phosphoglucomutase activity by starch gel electrophoresis and PGM typing was carried out. Fresh teeth showed activity in at least 50% of cases as did putrefied dentine plus pulp remnants. Putrefied dentine alone showed minimal activity. The method may be useful for identification procedures using fragments of teeth. PMID- 6231235 TI - [Radiological detection of the Medina worm (Dracunculus medinensis)]. AB - Atypical linear or convoluted calcification in the subcutaneous tissues of patients from tropical areas in Africa and Asia may be caused by D. medinensis. The radiological appearances and differential diagnosis are described. Dead, calcified worms may occur in the soft tissues of the thorax, abdomen, pelvis or extremities and may cause complications due to a foreign body reaction, particularly when related to major joints. PMID- 6231236 TI - [Life at any price? On the American debate over "Baby Doe"]. PMID- 6231237 TI - Recommendations for Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome. PMID- 6231238 TI - ATPase activity of myofibrillar proteins of rohu extracted at temperatures between 15 & 18 degrees C. PMID- 6231239 TI - Temperature dependence of palmitoly-CoA synthetase of chicken liver microsomes: effect of Triton X-100 & lysophosphatidyl choline. PMID- 6231240 TI - Analysis of the mechanism of immunodepression following heterologous antigenic stimulation during concurrent infection with Nematospiroides dubius. AB - The suppression of immune responsiveness to heterologous antigenic stimulation during concurrent infection with Nematospiroides dubius was reproduced using soluble antigens derived from adult parasites. Immunosuppression appeared to be selective in that the administration of equivalent quantities of an irrelevant heterogeneous antigen had no immunosuppressive effect, and suppression was transferable using spleen cells from parasite antigen-treated donors. The differential immunomodulatory activity of parasite antigens from a variety of nematode species suggested that a correlation might exist between suppressor activity and chronicity of infection. A role for suppressor T cell activity in the infected host was implicated by the restorative effect of 2'deoxyguanosine treatment on the immune response, and non-specific suppressor cell activity was detected in splenocyte populations from infected mice. It is suggested that a parasite-induced defect in antigen processing led to the induction of suppressor cell activity in the infected host and that this may be one mechanism of parasite survival. The relevance of these observations to vaccination against chronic gastrointestinal nematode infections is discussed. PMID- 6231241 TI - Frequencies of background cytoplasmic Ig-containing cells in various lymphoid organs of athymic and euthymic mice as a function of age and immune status. AB - The distribution of background Ig-secreting cells, measured as cells containing cytoplasmic immunoglobulin (C-Ig cells), over spleen, bone marrow, lymph nodes and Peyer's patches was studied in congenitally athymic (nude) mice and heterozygous euthymic mice as a function of age and immune status (germ-free (GF) vs specific pathogen-free (SPF]. In young athymic as well as in young euthymic mice, the spleen was found to contain the great part of all C-Ig cells, irrespective of whether the mice were GF or SPF. The number of C-Ig cells in the spleen was found to be rather constant over the life span, while the number of C Ig cells in the bone marrow of all groups of mice greatly increased with age. This indicates that the relative shift of C-Ig cells to the bone marrow is neither dependent on the presence of the thymus, nor on the microbiological status of the mice. However, at young and intermediate age the microbiological status of the mice did affect the total number of C-Ig cells per mouse. This was mainly due to the effect upon the bone marrow, mesenteric lymph nodes and Peyer's patches. At these ages the background Ig synthesis in these organs appeared to be mainly dependent on external antigenic stimulation, in contrast to the spleen, where the Ig synthesis appeared to be mainly due to endogenous stimulation. The Ig (sub)class distribution of the C-Ig cells was different for all different organs tested. Hardly or no difference in percentage distribution was found between the GF nude and GF heterozygous mice. Most C-Ig cells in spleen, bone marrow and lymph nodes of the GF mice were of the IgM isotype. C-IgG and C-IgA cells occurred in substantial percentages only in bone marrow and lymph nodes. In the lymph nodes of GF nude mice a remarkably high percentage of C-IgA cells was found. PMID- 6231242 TI - Preparation and characterization of a monoclonal anti-T helper factor antibody. AB - Sprague-Dawley rats were immunized by injection of antigen B-specific T helper factor THF) eluted from Sepharose-antigen D adsorbents. Rat spleen cells from animals immunized with THF were fused with a BALB/c tumour cell (P3x63-Ag8.653) to prepare monoclonal anti-THF antibodies. The hybrids produced were screened for anti-THF antibodies by an enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA), and we shall describe the characteristics of one of the hybrid (hybridoma 6-2.2 anti-THF) antibodies produced. (i) The monoclonal hybrid 6-2.2 anti-THF antibody blocks water-soluble timothy extract-induced proliferation of timothy-specific T helper cells when these cells were preincubated with an excess of the anti-THF hybrid 6 2.2 antibody; (ii) incubation of timothy-specific T helper or T suppressor cells with an optimal dose of anti-THF 6-2.2 antibody induces significant levels of [3H]-thymidine incorporation in the absence of antigen; (iii) it binds specifically to the idiotypic determinant expressed on THFk, THFd, TSFk, and antigen B-specific IgE in an ELISA; and (iv) it has no effect upon spleen cells from mice primed with ovalbumin or Ascaris suum antigens. In addition, the monoclonal anti-THF 6-2.2 antibody cultured with normal spleen cells in mini Marbrook chambers induced significant levels of antigen B-specific T suppressor cells. These studies indicate that the monoclonal anti-THF 6-2.2 antibody has anti-idiotypic antibody properties. PMID- 6231243 TI - Induction of suppressor T cells for lymph node cell proliferation after contact sensitization of mice with a poison oak urushiol component. AB - Contact sensitivity with properties of delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) can be induced in mice by 3-heptadecylcatechol (HDC, a component of poison oak urushiol oil). Sensitization is effected by painting on abdominal skin and is assessed by measuring ear swelling produced after ear challenge. Further studies on the nature of this sensitization were made by monitoring the induction of lymph node cell (LNC) proliferation (as indicated by increased in vitro uptake of [14C] thymidine into DNA) after cutaneous treatment with HDC. Draining inguinal LNC proliferation peaked 5-6 days after abdominal application of HDC. LNC taken from sensitized mice at times later than this peak suppressed HDC-induced proliferation when transferred into recipient mice. Such suppressor cells were T lymphocytes as implied by their sensitivity to anti-Thy-1.2 antibody and complement. The suppressive effect appeared to have both specific and non specific components. LNC containing these T suppressor cells could not suppress the optimal proliferation in vitro of previously sensitized cells, nor was suppressive activity observed against the induction of contact sensitization itself. Thus, although the suppressor cells appeared to act on the afferent phase of sensitization, they may not be directed against the effector cells of DTH. PMID- 6231244 TI - Induction of immunoglobulin-secreting cells by 2-mercaptoethanol in in vitro culture of B cells from autoimmune mice. AB - Splenic B cells from older MRL/Mp-lpr/lpr (MRL/1) and male BXSB mice responded to 2-mercaptoethanol (2-ME) in in vitro culture and generated immunoglobulin secreting cells (IgSC). Optimal concentration of 2-ME to induce IgSC was 5 X 10( 5) M. Kinetic studies revealed that the generation of IgSC was already apparent after 24 hr of culture and peak response was attained on the 2nd day. The response of B cells to 2 ME was enhanced in the presence of splenic T cells. Irradiation of B cells reduced the generation of IgSC. The B cell population of autoimmune mice responding to 2-ME to generate IgSC seems to be in a terminal stage of differentiation. This increased B cell differentiation was characteristic of autoimmune mice and assumed to have some significance in the development of autoimmune diseases. PMID- 6231246 TI - Alteration in the activities of the membrane integrated enzymes of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in diabetes mellitus. PMID- 6231245 TI - Functional characterization of the H-2Dp gene product. AB - A lambda clone containing the Dp gene was used to transform L cells. The Dp product expressed was identified by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and flow cytometry. The Dp product expressed by the L cells was recognized by Dp-specific but not Kp-specific killer T cells. This killing was inhibited by monoclonal antibodies specific for Dp but not Kp or Kk antigens. Similarly, lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) killer T cells from B10.P mice were able to kill LCMV-infected L12a cells, but not LCMV-infected Ltk+. Again only Dp monoclonal antibodies could inhibit this killing. PMID- 6231247 TI - Kidney involvement in seronegative spondarthritides. PMID- 6231249 TI - Quantitative determination of the effect of granulocytes on the course of experimental infections during antibiotic treatment. AB - We are presenting a quantitative determination of the effect of granulocytes, monocytes and lymphocytes on the course of infection during antibiotic treatment. The animal model was a short-term infection of the thigh muscle in normal or irradiated mice. Two kinds of antibiotics were used: tobramycin for Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections and ampicillin for Escherichia coli infections. The number of granulocytes was changed by irradiating the mice before they were infected. The dose-effect relations for both combinations of bacteria and antibiotics were determined on various days after irradiation. Analysis of the results shows that the effect of an antibiotic was predominantly potentiated by granulocytes. This means that under the conditions of granulopenia, the dose of an antibiotic must be increased to obtain the same antibacterial effect. The present results indicate that the interrelation between host factors, bacterial proliferation and antibiotic treatment can be quantitated and may offer a useful model for screening antimicrobial drugs before they are clinically applied. PMID- 6231250 TI - Distribution of membrane-associated actin in sheep lymphocytes. Functional implications. AB - Using the DNAase I inhibition assay, we titrated two forms of actin, monomeric (G) and total (G + F) actin of various populations of lymphocytes in adult and fetal sheep. Lymphocytes leaving a lymph node always showed higher actin activities than lymphocytes resident in the lymph node at the time of examination. T cells had significantly higher actin activities than B cells. A subpopulation of T cells which is present in the blood but not in the lymph showed much lower activities than total T cell populations in the blood or efferent lymph. Thymocytes showed the lowest actin activities among the lymphoid cell populations examined. A proposal is made that DNAase I inhibitions per cell can be considered as an intrinsic parameter of lymphocyte recirculating abilities. PMID- 6231248 TI - Immunoregulation of genetically controlled acquired responses to Leishmania donovani infection in mice: demonstration and characterization of suppressor T cells in noncure mice. AB - On a B10 genetic background, genes in the I region of H-2 influence the development of acquired T-cell mediated immunity to Leishmania donovani infection in mice. In previous studies, noncure in H-2d mice could be abrogated by pretreatments with cyclophosphamide or sublethal irradiation. The prophylactic effect of these pretreatments was consistent with deletion of the precursors of suppressor T cells suppressing T-cell-mediated immune responses. In this study, cell transfer experiments provide direct evidence for the role of suppressor T cells in the noncure response. T-cell-enriched populations isolated from the spleens of B10.D2/n mice infected 30, 61, or 85 days previously reversed the prophylactic effect of sublethal irradiation when injected before infection into B10.D2/n mice that had received 550 rads. B-cell-enriched populations failed to transfer suppression in this manner, and T-cell-enriched populations from the spleens of normal B10.D2/n mice had only a transient effect on liver parasite loads. Transfer of suppression with the T-cell-enriched populations from infected donors was abrogated by pretreatment with anti-Thy-1.2 and anti-Lyt-1.2 antisera plus complement but not by pretreatment with anti-Lyt-2.2 plus complement, indicating that the suppressor T cell involved has an Lyt-1+2- surface phenotype. Results are discussed in relation to the possible mechanism of H-2-linked control. PMID- 6231251 TI - Age-dependent changes of the Fc gamma-receptor-mediated functions of human monocytes. AB - The age-dependent alterations of phagocytosis and age-dependent cell change (ADCC) activity through Fc gamma receptors of human monocyte monolayers using anti-D human IgG-coated 51Cr-labeled human red blood cells were determined. 40 healthy aged subjects of both sexes (age: 60-85 years) and 20 healthy young people of both sexes (age: 18-25 years) were studied. The phagocytosis increased significantly with aging in both sexes, whereas a decrease in ADCC activity was found. PMID- 6231252 TI - Semi-automated preparation of a 11C-labelled antibiotic--[N-methyl 11C]erythromycin A lactobionate. AB - A fast semi-automated method is described for labeling the antibiotic, erythromycin A (1), with the short-lived positron-emitting radionuclide, 11C (t 1/2 = 20.4 min), in order to permit the non-invasive study of its tissue uptake in vivo. Labelling was achieved by the fast reductive methylation of N demethylerythromycin A (2) with [11C]formaldehyde, itself prepared from cyclotron produced [11C]-carbon dioxide. Rapid chemical and radiochemical purification of the [N-methyl-11C]erythromycin A (3) were achieved by HPLC and verified by TLC with autoradiography. The purified material was formulated for human i.v. injection as a sterile apyrogenic solution of the lactobionate salt. The preparation takes 42 min from the end of radionuclide production and from [11C]carbon dioxide produces [N-methyl-C11]erythromycin A lactobionate in 1-12% radiochemical yield, corrected for radioactive decay. PMID- 6231253 TI - Distinction between Burkitt lymphoma subgroups by monoclonal antibodies: relationships between antigen expression and type of chromosomal translocation. AB - Twenty-six lines derived from 22 Burkitt lymphoma patients were examined for cytoplasmic vs. surface immunoglobulin and the expression of the monoclonal antibody-detected BLA, CALLA and LB-I antigens. Six of the lines carried the variant translocations 8;2 or 8;22 (three each), 17 lines had the typical 8;14 translocation, I was translocation-negative (BJAB) and 2 were not examined cytogenetically. Depending on their immunoglobulin and surface marker expression, the BL lines could be subdivided into several subgroups. There was a strong inverse correlation between the expression of the CALLA and the LB-I marker. All BLA-lines were CALLA-, whereas the CALLA+ lines could be either BLA- or BLA+. All six variant translocations belonged to the CALLA-BLA-LBI+ category. Only one set of three lines, derived from the patient with the 8;14 translocation, belonged to the same subgroup. This suggests that the typical vs. the variant translocation freezes the BL cell at a different stage of differentiation. The variant translocation-carrying subtypes represent probably a somewhat more advanced stage of differentiation. PMID- 6231255 TI - Clinical and functional assessment of the results of coronary angioplasty. PMID- 6231254 TI - Improvement in regional ventricular function after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. AB - We performed atrial pacing and radionuclide ventriculography in 12 patients before and after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA). Successful dilatation was achieved in 9 patients while in 3 the procedure was unsuccessful. Atrial pacing before PTCA showed ischemic dysfunction of the region supplied by the narrowed coronary artery. Regional ejection fraction decreased by 36 +/- 12% during rapid atrial pacing, while global left ventricular ejection fraction fell by 11 +/- 7% with a secondary increase in end-diastolic and end systolic ventricular volume with the onset of ischemia. After successful PTCA, ischemic dysfunction was ameliorated or abolished. Measurements made at identical heart rates showed that both global and in particular regional left ventricular ejection fraction were significantly higher after successful angioplasty and did not fall during the stress of atrial pacing. There was no improvement in regional or global LV function in patients in whom angioplasty was not successful. The study showed that nuclear ventriculography with the stress of graded atrial pacing was a useful method for analysing the immediate results of coronary angioplasty and for studying its effects on regional myocardial function. PMID- 6231256 TI - The effects of beta 1-adrenoceptor partial agonist ICI 118.587 on left ventricular function in patients with coronary heart disease. AB - We investigated the effects of a new selective beta 1-adrenoceptor partial agonist, ICI 118.587, on left ventricular function in 14 patients with coronary heart disease and a history of stable angina pectoris. The drug (0.2 mg/kg) increased peak left ventricular dp/dt from 1518 to 1993 mm Hg/sec (P less than 0.001) and left ventricular Vmax from 1.63 to 2.08 circ/sec (P less than 0.001), while left ventricular end-diastolic pressure decreased (P less than 0.05). Measured by echocardiography, the fractional shortening of the left ventricular minor axis diameter and the mean velocity of the left ventricular circumferential fiber shortening increased (P less than 0.001) and the cardiac index increased by 36%, reflecting increased contractility mainly in the normal left ventricular wall areas. In coronary heart disease, ICI 118.587 increased left ventricular muscle contractility and output without untoward side effects in the majority of the patients. PMID- 6231258 TI - Impressions on the expression of suppression in leprosy. PMID- 6231257 TI - Exochelin-mediated iron uptake into Mycobacterium leprae. AB - Iron chelated to the exochelins from Mycobacterium neoaurum was taken up by a suspension of M. leprae, prepared from the liver of an infected armadillo, over 15 hr. No uptake occurred when the iron was chelated with exochelins from M. bovis BCG or M. smegmatis or to a single exochelin from M. vaccae. Uptake appeared to be by facilitated diffusion since it was not inhibited by either HgCl2, NaN3, or 2,4-dinitrophenol. This was similar to the mode of uptake of ferriexochelin into M. neoaurum itself. PMID- 6231259 TI - Investigations related to the development of a leprosy vaccine. PMID- 6231260 TI - Cultivation of Mycobacterium X from Mycobacterium leprae-infected tissues in propane-tetradecane-humic acid medium. PMID- 6231262 TI - [Diagnostic significance of proteolytic breakdown products of fibrinogen and fibrin]. PMID- 6231261 TI - Effects of pilocarpine, timolol, epifrin and thymoxamine on iris vessels in rhesus monkeys. AB - In 24 normal eyes of healthy adult rhesus monkeys, the effects of 1% Pilocarpine, 0.5% Timolol, 0.5% levo-epinephrine (Epifrin) and 0.5% Thymoxamine were tested on the iris vessels, intraocular pressure and pupil size. Fluorescein iris angiography and applanation tonometry were performed on the eyes before the use of any drug, and then 2-4 h after topical instillation of each drug; all drugs were used in all the eyes, an interval of one week being left after the use of each drug. The findings of this study suggest that Pilocarpine and Timolol produced vasodilation. Epifrin and Thymoxamine seemed to have no appreciable effect. Pilocarpine produced miosis while other drugs had no significant effect on pupil size. Pilocarpine, Timolol and Epifrin each produced a significant fall in the intraocular pressure. The mechanisms of vascular changes are discussed. The various limitations of fluorescein iris angiography in such a study are stressed. PMID- 6231263 TI - Cycloheptatrienylidene analog of 11-cis retinal. Formation of pigment in photoreceptor membranes. AB - In biochemical and electrophysiologic studies employing the bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana) and the rat, the authors examined the interaction of opsin and an 11 cis-locked analog of retinal. In previously bleached preparations of bullfrog receptor outer segments (ROS) and isolated retinas, incubation with the aldehyde form (I) of the analog leads to the appearance of a pigment that is degraded slowly by hydroxylamine but is relatively resistant to photolysis. In the ROS preparation, the analog pigment (lambda max of difference spectrum congruent to 497 nm) also forms on incubation with NADP+ and the alcohol form (II) of the analog. In vitamin A deprived rats possessing only approximately 45% of the normal complement of rhodopsin, intraperitoneal injection of II leads within 1 day to the appearance of the analog pigment in the photoreceptors, at levels representing a major fraction of the opsin initially available for pigment formation. Formation of the analog pigment appears to have no significant effect on the sensitivity of electroretinographic b-wave responses recorded from the rat eye; furthermore, administration of II appears to suppress the sensitizing activity of all-trans retinol injected 1 day later. The data are discussed in relation to other studies examining chromophore-opsin interactions and electrophysiologic changes associated with the formation of rhodopsin in situ. PMID- 6231264 TI - Regional chemotherapy: application in hepatic metastases. PMID- 6231265 TI - Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty in peripheral vascular disease. PMID- 6231266 TI - Combination of surgery with interventional radiology in the treatment of renovascular hypertension: a case report. AB - A case of renovascular hypertension with bilateral renal artery involvement is reported: the combination of surgery and interventional radiology may allow achievement of satisfactory results even in cases difficult to diagnose and to handle; some pitfalls related to the delay in diagnosis and to inadequate control during follow-up are emphasized. PMID- 6231267 TI - Health hazards of asbestos: charting a path for Israel. PMID- 6231268 TI - Incontinence services for the disabled child. Part 1. The provision of aids and equipment. PMID- 6231269 TI - Closure of large orbital-maxillary defects with free latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flaps. AB - The treatment of advanced cancer of the maxillary sinus often requires extensive ablation and orbital exenteration that results in large full-thickness defects of the upper cheek and orbital regions. Reconstruction of such defects with local flaps is usually difficult because of the need for a large flap. Several regional flaps such as the deltopectoral flap, the temporal flap, and the shoulder flap may be used, but these techniques frequently require surgery in stages and result in severe deformity of the donor site. The island pedicled, pectoralis major myocutaneous flap may be rotated up to the orbital region; however, the uncertain blood supply to the skin in the distal area of the pectoralis may cause unexpected marginal necrosis of the flap. Reconstruction of large orbital maxillary defects can readily be accomplished in one stage using microsurgical free transfer of latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flaps. The thoracodorsal artery and vein that form the nutrient pedicle of the flap approaches 2 mm in external diameter and up to 10 cm in length, allowing greater versatility in head and neck reconstruction. The muscle may be used to fill the orbital and maxillary cavities and will accept a skin graft on its deep surface. The donor defect is closed primarily and the resulting scar is well concealed beneath the arm. If necessary, extremely large flaps may be transferred by harvesting the entire latissimus dorsi muscle and the overlying skin based on the thoracodorsal system. PMID- 6231270 TI - Reconstruction for cervical irradiation ulcers with myocutaneous flaps. AB - Radiation-induced skin changes are commonly seen in patients who have been treated for head and neck malignancies. Some of these skin changes can progress into chronic postradiation ulcers, which despite aggressive medical wound management will not resolve spontaneously. Skin grafts and local cutaneous flaps located within the radiation field are unreliable and rarely provide adequate stable coverage. In this article, the authors report a combined experience of 52 patients whose postradiation cervical ulcers were successfully and reliably treated with myocutaneous flaps. PMID- 6231271 TI - Aortobronchial fistula causing hemoptysis in a patient with a Dacron aortic patch graft: report of a case. PMID- 6231272 TI - Clinical trials of radiosensitizers: what should we expect? AB - The lack of positive results from the clinical trials undertaken so far with misonidazole (MISO) are widely considered as disappointing. This is leading to a growing sentiment that hypoxic cells may not be a significant limitation to local control of human tumors. To examine whether this is a reasonable conclusion, the relevant in vitro and in vivo data have been summarized so that predictions of the extent of radiosensitization of the hypoxic cells can be made from a knowledge of the clinically achievable levels of MISO. This analysis shows the following: First, the original curve of Adams with V-79 cells is probably over optimistic in predicting sensitizer enhancement ratios (SERs). A new curve based on the available in vivo data predicts lower sensitization so that even at the highest MISO doses used clinically, SERs for the hypoxic cells to large single X ray doses of only 1.45 would be expected. In a clinical trial, reoxygenation of the hypoxic cells is likely to occur, thereby considerably reducing the SER for the total tumor cell population. This, together with the problems of heterogeneous tumors and insufficient patient numbers, could well have been responsible for the negative clinical results. Second, even if tumor levels of the new radiosensitizer SR-2508 10 times those of MISO can be achieved clinically, this will still not lead to full radiosensitization of the hypoxic cells (although an SER in excess of 2.0 should be attainable). In conclusion the in vitro and in vivo data with radiosensitizers suggest that only a small effect, if any, is likely to be demonstrated in the clinical trials with MISO, even for those tumors the control of which is limited by hypoxic cells. Thus the question of whether hypoxic cells may or may not limit the local control of tumors by radiotherapy has not been addressed adequately by the presently available radiosensitizing drugs. PMID- 6231273 TI - [Experiences with Depo-Provera as a contraceptive agent]. PMID- 6231274 TI - Repeated lung injury due to alpha-naphthylthiourea causes right ventricular hypertrophy in rats. AB - Acute lung injury due to alpha-naphthylthiourea (ANTU) is associated with increased permeability edema, transient pulmonary hypertension, and increased vascular reactivity. We sought to determine whether repeated administration of ANTU caused right ventricular hypertrophy. Rats were injected weekly for 4 wk with ANTU or an equivalent volume of the vehicle Tween 80. Rats injected repeatedly with ANTU in doses of 5-10 mg/kg body wt had increased ratios of right ventricular to left ventricular plus septal weights. The right ventricular hypertrophy in ANTU-treated rats was associated with right ventricular systolic hypertension. Repeated injections of ANTU also caused transient pulmonary edema after each dose, as evidenced by increased wet-to-dry lung weight ratios after 4 h, which returned to normal by 24 h. Lungs isolated from ANTU-injected rats had greater pressor responses to hypoxia and to angiotensin II than lungs from Tween 80-injected rats. Pressure-flow curves of isolated lungs, arterial blood gases, and hematocrits were similar in rats treated repetitively with ANTU or Tween alone. Lung histology was also similar in ANTU and control lungs, as were measurements of arterial medial thickness and ratios of numbers of arteries/100 alveoli, indicating that substantial vascular remodeling had not occurred. Thus, four weekly ANTU injections in rats caused right ventricular hypertrophy, probably due to pulmonary hypertension. We speculate that the pulmonary hypertension was due, at least in part, to sustained vasoconstriction, which somehow resulted from repeated acute lung injury. PMID- 6231275 TI - Pneumothorax in an adolescent with fulminant systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - Pneumothoraces and pneumohemathoraces have been described in adults with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Although a spectrum of pulmonary involvement has been associated with SLE in childhood and adolescence, recurrent pneumothoraces have not been reported. We describe a case of a 13-year-old adolescent with fulminant SLE and a recurrent left pneumothorax. PMID- 6231276 TI - Sheathing of muscle fibres at neuromuscular junctions and at extra-junctional loci in human extra-ocular muscles. AB - Profuse sheathing of muscle fibres was noticed by chance when studying receptors in samples of extra-ocular muscle taken from orbits of six patients after eye enucleation or in the treatment of squint. The sheaths, previously unreported in any skeletal muscle, were examined by light and electron microscopy and their incidence determined. Muscle spindle capsules were rare by comparison. Most sheaths were found in the motor end plate band enclosing single muscle fibres and consisted of perineural epithelial cell extensions at neuromuscular junctions. Their length varied from a few to 225 micrometers, partly or fully covering neuromuscular junctions, and although limited attachments to muscle fibres were seen, the sheathed zones were probably not sealed off from the neighbouring endomysium. The incidence of sheathed neuromuscular junctions in inferior oblique muscles increased with age from none at 3 years to a maximum of 41% of the total in a specimen from the eighth decade. Mean length and thickness of sheaths also increased with age. Sheaths were far less frequent outside the motor end plate band, where most were related to grape endings of Felderstruktur fibres. Others contained from one to four muscle fibres and received their sheaths from passing nerves, but neuromuscular junctions were absent. A few of these were long, extending up to 470 micrometers. Sheath formation is evidently an expression of ageing in the perineurium, perhaps as a subsidiary feature of neuromuscular junction plasticity. The risk of confusing sheathed muscle fibres with muscle spindles is discussed. PMID- 6231277 TI - Effects of an LHRH agonist analog upon sexual function in male dogs. Suppression, reversibility, and effect of testosterone replacement. AB - Male beagle dogs were injected once daily with 10 micrograms/kg of [6-D-(2 naphthyl)alanine]-LHRH (D-Nal(2)6-LHRH), a potent LHRH agonist, for periods up to 42 days, with recovery periods up to 172 days. Blood samples collected at regular intervals were assayed for LH, FSH, and testosterone; total ejaculates were collected and analyzed weekly, and animals were sacrificed at various intervals for sex organ weights and histology. The first injection of D-Nal(2)6-LHRH caused an acute elevation in plasma levels of LH, FSH, and testosterone, measured at 2 and 4 hours after the injection. This acute response to injection was attenuated with each successive injection and by two weeks no elevation was seen, suggesting a down-regulation of pituitary response. Basal levels of LH and testosterone were maximally depressed by four days of treatment. Testis volume, duration of erection, ejaculate volume, sperm count, sperm motility and testis volume all declined during treatment, with sperm count significantly lowered by two weeks and ejaculation volume becoming zero by five weeks of treatment. Spermatogenesis, assessed histologically, was partially suppressed at ten days and completely suppressed by 38 days of treatment. All parameters returned to normal following cessation of treatment. Recovery time was longer for the dogs treated for 42 days than for those treated for ten days. When testosterone was supplemented during 42 days of agonist treatment, basal plasma testosterone levels were maintained at the low end of the normal range. Testosterone supplementation did not prevent pituitary down-regulation, suppression of spermatogenesis, or the decrease in testis and epididymis weights, but prevented the decline in duration of erection. Ejaculate volume and sperm count declined more slowly with combination treatment than with agonist alone. During the decline in sperm count sperm motility was maintained with combination treatment. Injection of hCG into control and agonist treated dogs resulted in similar percentage increases in plasma levels of testosterone, although peak levels were greater in control than in treated animals. The data suggest a pituitary desensitization with this LHRH agonist in the dog but only a minor role for testicular desensitization. PMID- 6231278 TI - Portable peak-flow meters: intrasubject comparisons. PMID- 6231279 TI - The pH-dependency of myosin ATPases from yellowtail ordinary and dark muscles. AB - Myosins were isolated from the ordinary (white) and dark (red) muscles of yellowtail, Seriola quinqueradiata, and the pH-dependency of ATPase activity, along with some physicochemical properties, was examined. The ordinary muscle myosin contained three kinds of light chain (A1, DTNB and A2 light chains), the molecular weights of which were 28,000, 20,000, and 16,000, respectively. The dark muscle myosin possessed only two kinds of light chain (D1 and D2), the molecular weights of which were 26,000 and 20,000 respectively. These ordinary and dark muscle myosins resemble the fast and slow muscle myosins of the higher vertebrate, respectively, in light chain pattern. The pH optima of the ordinary muscle myosin Ca2+-ATPase activity appeared at 6-6.5 and 9-10, irrespective of whether the enzyme reaction was started by the addition of ATP to the preincubated reaction mixture containing myosin (method I), or vice versa (method II). In the case of the dark muscle myosin, a small peak appeared at around pH 8.5 on the alkaline side when the activity was assayed by method I, whereas a prominent peak appeared at around 9.5 when it was assayed by method II, suggesting instability of this myosin under alkaline conditions. In connection with this, the reaction mixture at pH 9.5 showed a very small and slow increase in turbidity, suggesting a change in the physical state of myosin. The ordinary muscle myosin exhibited approximately three times higher actin-activated Mg2+ ATPase activity than the dark muscle myosin. Superprecipitation activity was also higher in the former than the latter actomyosin. However, both actomyosins showed similar pH-superprecipitation activity profiles. PMID- 6231280 TI - Partial purification and characterization of UDPG:t-cinnamate glucosyltransferase in the root of sweet potato, Ipomoea batatas Lam. AB - Previously, we isolated t-cinnamoyl-D-glucose as a possible intermediate in chlorogenic acid biosynthesis from sweet potato root. The enzyme which catalyzes the formation of t-cinnamoyl-D-glucose has been purified 539-fold from sweet potato root (Ipomoea batatas Lam.) and characterized. It required UDP-glucose as a glucosyl donor. Its molecular weight was estimated to be 45,000 by gel filtration chromatography through Sephadex G-100. Its Km values were 0.2 mM for t cinnamic acid and 0.1 mM for UDP-glucose. It also showed activity toward various aromatic carboxylic acids other than t-cinnamic acid with the following relative activities at the concentration of 1.8 mM: t-cinnamic acid, 100; p-coumaric acid, 57; o-coumaric acid, 52; caffeic acid, 15; benzoic acid, 71; ferulic acid, 27; 4 hydroxyl-3-methoxy-benzoic acid, 35. When p-coumaric acid was used as a substrate, the enzyme introduced the glucosyl group exclusively to a carboxyl group, not to a hydroxyl group on a benzene ring. It was inhibited by p chloromercuribenzoate and HgCl2. Its activity in the extract from sliced root decreased during the first 28 h after slicing, then increased to the original level by 75 h. The apparent decrease seemed to be caused by the appearance of an inhibitory factor of high molecular weight in the tissue extract. PMID- 6231281 TI - Removal of troponin C and desensitization of myosin B from ascidian smooth muscle by treatment with ethylene diamine tetraacetate. AB - On treatment with 10 mM EDTA at 30 degrees C, protein of 18,000 daltons was released from myofibrils, thin filaments and myosin B prepared from the smooth muscle of an ascidian, Halocynthia roretzi. This protein was purified from the EDTA extract of myofibrils by differential centrifugation, freeze-drying and gel filtration. Based on its molecular weight, electrophoretic mobilities in the presence and absence of Ca2+ and other properties, it was identified as troponin C. By EDTA treatment, ascidian myosin B lost the Ca2+-sensitivity of Mg2+-ATPase, and EDTA-treated myosin B recovered the sensitivity by mixing with the EDTA extract of myosin B in the presence of Mg2+. Gel-electrophoretic patterns indicated that desensitization and resensitization of ascidian myosin B were accompanied by the removal and binding of troponin C. These results indicate that ascidian smooth muscle is regulated by a troponin-tropomyosin system, and desensitization induced by EDTA treatment is due to the removal of troponin C but not the release of the light chains of the myosin molecule. Based on these findings, we have established a simple method for the purification of troponin C from ascidian smooth muscle. PMID- 6231282 TI - Turnover of heparan sulfate proteoglycans from substratum adhesion sites of murine fibroblasts. AB - Substratum adhesion sites from murine Balb/c SVT2 fibroblasts are enriched in heparan sulfate proteoglycans which have been implicated in mediating adhesion of these cells to a fibronectin-adsorbed tissue culture substratum. Most of the heparan sulfate isolated from newly formed adhesion sites is found covalently attached to protein as proteoglycan while a significant portion of heparan sulfate from older sites has been identified as a single-chain species. This observation suggests that there may be catabolism of the heparan sulfate proteoglycan during the "maturation" of these adhesion sites at the cell's undersurface. Zwittergent 3-12 selectively extracts the single-chain class of heparan sulfate from either newly formed or "mature" adhesion sites while leaving the proteoglycan firmly bound in these sites. In an effort to further characterize the metabolism of these proteoglycans, substratum adhesion sites were isolated at various times after the cells had been pulse-radiolabeled using radioactive sulfate and subsequently chased. Greater than 80% of the sulfate radiolabeled material is lost from the substratum-attached material within 24-48 h. Characterization of both the Zwittergent-soluble and -resistant heparan sulfate indicated that there was an initial accumulation followed by a rapid loss of a portion of the radiolabeled heparan sulfate as the single-chain Zwittergent soluble class. However, most of the heparan sulfate proteoglycan was lost from the adhesion sites following approximately a 4-h time lag during the chase period without going through a smaller molecular weight intermediate. The turnover properties of the heparan sulfate proteoglycan in the EGTA-detachable cells were different from those in the substratum-attached fraction of the cell. The significance of these two different mechanisms of turnover of heparan sulfate proteoglycan in adhesion sites is discussed in relation to the role of this proteoglycan in mediating adhesion processes. PMID- 6231283 TI - Cytochrome b gene of Neurospora crassa mitochondria. Partial sequence and location of introns at sites different from those in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Aspergillus nidulans. AB - We have sequenced a 2614-base pair fragment of the Neurospora crassa mitochondrial DNA which contains part of the structural gene for apocytochrome b. This gene is split by at least two introns. The sequence reported here begins within one intron, extends through the next exon, another intron 1276 base pairs long, and the last exon which encodes the COOH terminus of cytochrome b. Within the 254 amino acids encoded by the two exons, there is a high degree of sequence conservation, 81%, with cytochrome b of Aspergillus nidulans. Surprisingly, both introns in the N. crassa cytochrome b gene are located at positions different from introns in the corresponding genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae or A. nidulans. The upstream intron is located 22 nucleotides before the first intron in the long form of the S. cerevisiae cytochrome b gene. The downstream intron is located 16 nucleotides before the third intron in the long form of the S. cerevisiae gene and the only intron in the A. nidulans cytochrome b gene. The 1276-base pair downstream intron contains a 314 amino acid long open reading frame, which is in-phase with the preceding exon. The protein product of this reading frame has some resemblance to intron-encoded proteins, known as "mRNA maturases," which are thought to participate in RNA splicing in the mitochondria of S. cerevisiae. Another feature shared by the downstream intron and most other mitochondrial introns is the presence of the Box 9 and Box 2 consensus sequences, which may also be important for RNA splicing. PMID- 6231284 TI - Phosphorylation of cardiac sarcolemma proteins by the calcium-activated phospholipid-dependent protein kinase. AB - Cardiac sarcolemma proteins were phosphorylated by exogenous Ca2+-activated phospholipid-dependent protein kinase (protein kinase C). The phosphorylation reactions were absolutely dependent on the simultaneous presence of Ca2+ and phosphatidylserine. Phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylinositol, sphingomyelin, and phosphatidic acid were ineffective in supporting protein kinase C-catalyzed membrane phosphorylation. The reactions were not stimulated by diolein. In contrast, diolein inhibited phosphatidylserine stimulated phosphorylation at all calcium concentrations tested. The major substrates for protein kinase C in cardiac membranes were peptides of 88,000, 51,000, 42,000 daltons, and the peptide known as phospholamban (Mr = 27,000 or 11,000 depending on sample preparation). Phosphorylation of phospholamban by protein kinase C was additive with that catalyzed by membrane-bound or exogenous cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase and with Ca2+-calmodulin-dependent protein kinase. The results suggest that protein kinase C might have a role in the regulation of cardiac membrane phosphorylation by beta-adrenergic and muscarinic cholinergic agonists. PMID- 6231285 TI - Autoantibodies to the U2 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein in a patient with scleroderma-polymyositis overlap syndrome. AB - Autoantibodies directed against the U2 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein (snRNP) have been found in the serum of a patient with scleroderma-polymyositis overlap syndrome. This specificity, called anti-(U2)-RNP, is distinct from all previously described autoantibodies, including those that precipitate related snRNPs: anti Sm antibodies, which react with the entire set of U1, U2, U4, U5, and U6 snRNPs, and anti-(U1)RNP antibodies, which recognize only U1 snRNPs. From HeLa cell extracts, anti-(U2)RNP immunoprecipitates predominantly one 32P-labeled RNA species, identified as U2 small nuclear RNA, and six [35S]methionine-labeled protein bands, A' (Mr = 32,000), B (Mr = 28,000), D (Mr = 16,000), E (Mr = 13,000), F (Mr = 12,000), and G (Mr = 11,000). Protein blot analysis reveals that the A' protein carries (U2)RNP antigenic determinant(s) and therefore represents a polypeptide unique to the U2 snRNP; the B protein associated with U2 snRNPs may also be unique. Like U1 and the other Sm snRNPs, U2 snRNPs occupy a nuclear, non nucleolar location and are antigenically conserved from insects to man. An antibody specific for the U2 snRNP will be useful in deciphering the function of this particle. PMID- 6231286 TI - Controlled proteolysis of the purified Ca2+-ATPase of the erythrocyte membrane. A correlation between the structure and the function of the enzyme. AB - The purified Ca2+-pumping ATPase of the erythrocyte plasma membrane has been subjected to a controlled proteolytic treatment with trypsin. The treatment has been previously shown to shift the enzyme from low to high Ca2+ affinity in the absence of calmodulin. The treatment leads to the fragmentation of the ATPase molecule into a number of products and to the accumulation of major limit polypeptides having Mr of 14,000, 28,000, 33,500, 48,000, and 76,000. The 33,500 Mr fragment reacts with 3(trifluoromethyl)-3 (m-[125I]iodophenyl)-diazirine, suggesting that it contains intramembrane regions of the enzyme. A number of minor fragmentation products were also formed, among them a polypeptide of Mr = 90,000 which is rapidly degraded further and a limit polypeptide of Mr about 25,000. [125I]Iodoazidocalmodulin cross-linked only to the original ATPase and to the fragments with Mr = 90,000 and Mr about 25,000. The Mr = 90,000 fragment can be isolated on calmodulin-Sepharose and on phenothiazine affinity columns. It retains the functional properties of the intact pump; it has a calmodulin responsive ATPase activity and it actively accumulates Ca2+ upon incorporation into liposomes. Further proteolysis of the Mr = 90,000 fragment produces a fragment of Mr = 81,000-76,000 which forms an acylphosphate intermediate, which does not bind to calmodulin-Sepharose, and which seems to be responsible for the calmodulin-insensitive activity which appears as it is produced. A model is presented which postulates a major and a minor degradation pattern and rationalizes the pattern of proteolysis and of the [125I]iodoazidocalmodulin binding observed. PMID- 6231287 TI - Evidence for a sulfhydryl group near the retinal-binding site of halorhodopsin. AB - Amino acid analysis of the halorhodopsin chromoprotein shows that this protein contains a cysteine residue. Such a residue is absent in bacteriorhodopsin. Low concentrations (micromolar) of HgCl2 inhibit light-dependent chloride transport by halorhodopsin in envelope vesicles prepared from Halobacterium halobium strain L-33 and increase the Km for chloride. The decay rate of the flash-induced absorption change of halorhodopsin, measured at 570 nm, is considerably slowed by HgCl2, and this effect is reversed at higher concentrations of chloride. In addition, the magnitude of the absorption changes is diminished by HgCl2. These effects of the mercurial are also seen with the purified, solubilized chromoprotein. Upon addition of HgCl2 to the chromoprotein at low chloride concentrations in the dark, a decrease of absorption at 580 nm and an increase at 380 nm occur, as well as a blue shift of the chromophore by about 20 nm. Sustained illumination of halorhodopsin results in a 410 nm photoproduct. The reconversion of this species to 580 nm in the dark is strongly inhibited by HgCl2. These results show that a thiol group is essential for the stability of the halorhodopsin chromophore and for its photochemical reactions and suggest that this group is in the vicinity of both the retinal Schiff's base and the chloride-binding site. PMID- 6231288 TI - Lactoperoxidase-catalyzed iodination of the receptor for immunoglobulin E at the cytoplasmic side of the plasma membrane. AB - The structural organization of the high affinity receptor for immunoglobulin E has been investigated in plasma membrane vesicles from rat basophilic leukemia cells using lactoperoxidase-catalyzed 125I-iodination to label exposed polypeptide regions. Intact vesicles are predominantly right-side-out in orientation, and lactoperoxidase iodination of these vesicles results in labeling of the alpha subunit of receptor but not the beta and gamma subunits. Lysis of these vesicles to expose the cytoplasmic face of the membrane by two different methods permits labeling of the beta and gamma subunits with no increase in labeling of alpha. The results indicate that both the beta and gamma subunits of the receptor have segments exposed at the cytoplasmic side of the plasma membrane. These studies have also revealed a previously unidentified IgE binding component in the membrane vesicles; its 125I-labeling characteristics and some other properties are described. PMID- 6231289 TI - Structure of thrombospondin. AB - The NH2-terminal amino acid sequences of thrombospondin and of a 30,000-Da heparin-binding peptide derived from thrombospondin by treatment with plasmin are identical. The heparin-binding peptide is homogeneous in size but slightly heterogeneous in charge with the predominant isoelectric points being 6.1 and 5.7. Electron microscopy of tungsten replicas of thrombospondin reveals a tripartite structure resembling a "bola" which is about 60 nm across when fully extended. Each part of the molecule terminates in a globular node or head which disappears upon limited plasmin digestion, suggesting that the heparin-binding peptide is located in the head region. In addition to the heparin-binding peptide, a 20,000-Da peptide also apparently associated with the head region is liberated during proteolysis. The electron micrographs indicate that the legs of the bola-like structure must be folded into an extended, flexible, tertiary structure. These legs, each of about 65,000 Da, appear to be attached near the ends opposite the heads, probably by disulfide bonds. Each leg possesses a tab or protein (approximately 20,000 Da) which juts out from this attachment point. PMID- 6231290 TI - Luminescence studies of Tb3+ bound to the high affinity sites of the Ca2+-ATPase of sarcoplasmic reticulum. AB - Direct excitation of lanthanide luminescence with a pulsed dye laser has been used to probe the molecular environment of the high affinity sites of the sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase. The direct excitation spectrum of Tb3+ bound to these sites has been determined and a luminescence lifetime of approximately 1 ms measured. Measurements of the difference in lifetime of the Tb X ATPase complex in H2O and D2O indicate that there are approximately 2 H2O molecules in the first coordination sphere of Tb3+ bound at the high affinity sites of the ATPase. The results are compared with the properties of Tb3+ binding to high affinity sites of other Ca2+ binding proteins. The binding constant of Tb3+ to the ATPase is in the range of 0.3-5.0 X 10(8) M-1 as inferred from the KI for inhibition of ATP hydrolysis, in agreement with a previous report (Highsmith, S. R., and Head, M. R. (1983) J. Biol. Chem. 258, 6858-6862). The values of the Ca2+ binding constant (approximately 2 X 10(6) M-1) and the cooperative nature (n = 1.9) of Ca2+ protection of Tb3+ inhibition indicate that Tb3+ and Ca2+ compete for the high affinity sites of the ATPase. The results demonstrate that directly excited Tb3+ luminescence provides unique information on the environment of the Ca2+ binding-transport sites of the SR ATPase. PMID- 6231291 TI - Response of the adenosine triphosphatase activity of the soluble latent F1 enzyme from beef heart mitochondria to changes in Mg2+ and H+ concentrations. AB - The coupling factor of oxidative phosphorylation from beef heart mitochondria obtained as a "latent F1," exhibits negligible levels of ATPase activity, contains stoichiometric amounts of the specific F1 inhibitor protein, and is stable to incubation at low temperature (Adolfsen, R., McClung, J.A., and Moudrianakis, E. N. (1975) Biochemistry 14, 1727-1735). Incubation of the latent F1 enzyme at 60 degrees C activates its ATPase activity. We show in this paper that regulation of the interaction of the inhibitor protein with the latent F1 enzyme can be accomplished under more physiological conditions. At 37 degrees C, variations in the proton concentration led to changes in the degree and extent of activation of the enzyme, with maximal activation rates occurring after preincubation at pH 9.6. The energy for the pH 9.6-induced activation process (12.1 kcal/mol) was similar to that reported for the dissociation of the inhibitor protein from the membrane-bound F1 enzyme in energized mitochondria (Gomez-Fernandez, J. C., and Harris, D.A. (1978) Biochem. J. 176, 967-973). The rates of activation were higher in the presence of 5 mM ATP and inhibited by the presence of Mg2+, suggesting the existence of a specific binding site for Mg2+ between the inhibitor subunit and the F1 enzyme. A model is presented in which the activation of the latent F1 enzyme is brought about by a rapid titration of positively charged amino acid residues on the inhibitor subunit, followed by a slow release of a tightly bound Mg2+ atom. This model predicts that the initial event leading to the appearance of ATP synthesis is the deprotonation of the inhibitor subunit and that the onset of ATPase activity in mitochondria is due to sequestering of the available free Mg2+. PMID- 6231292 TI - Effects of pH, temperature, and calcium concentration on the stoichiometry of the calcium pump of sarcoplasmic reticulum. AB - Coupling of Ca2+ transport to ATP hydrolysis by isolated skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles has been investigated by means of ATP pulse methods. The stoichiometric amounts of Ca2+ transported per pulse of ATP were measured by Ca2+-stat methods, using either a Ca2+ electrode or arsenazo III as end point detectors, or by means of 45CaCl2. Maximum coupling ratios (Ca2+/ATP), of 1.82 +/- 0.13 occurred at pH 6.8, 25 degrees C, and in the presence of saturating Ca2+ concentrations. Ca2+/ATP values decreased at alkaline pH, with an apparent pK alpha of 7.9. The coupling ratio was unaltered between 6 and 30 degrees C, but decreased to 0.4 at 42 degrees C. Uncoupling by alkaline pH and high temperatures was reversible. The coupling process was Ca2+-dependent, with a K0.5 value for Ca2+ of 0.12 microM and a Hill coefficient of 2.0. Ca2+ ions, which were transported into vesicles under conditions resulting in low coupling ratios, were retained as the calcium oxalate precipitate, following complete hydrolysis of substrate. Passive Ca2+ efflux and Ca2+ exchange, were independent of pH. The observed variations in Ca2+/ATP ratio cannot readily be explained on the basis of a pump-leak model. Rather, the Ca2+-ATPase appears to be capable of pumping Ca2+ ions, under physiological conditions, with variable stoichiometry that is dependent upon its thermodynamic loading. PMID- 6231293 TI - The crystallization of outer membrane proteins from Escherichia coli. Studies on lamB and ompA gene products. AB - The outer membrane protein LambB from Escherichia coli has been crystallized from detergent-containing solutions. Several different crystal habits can be obtained under the same ionic and precipitant conditions by altering the detergent head group composition of the protein-detergent mixed micelle or by adding polar organic compounds. Two crystal forms have been partially characterized as P1 and C2221, the former diffracting to beyond 4 A resolution and the latter to 6 A. The detergents used were beta-octyl glucoside, octyl tetraoxyethylene, and octyl polyoxyethylene (polydisperse) either alone or as mixtures. In some experiments, the addition of small nonionic amphiphiles having n-butyl alkyl tails significantly influenced crystallization. The experiments suggest that the detergent region of the mixed micelle plays a critical role in crystal formation. Using the methods developed here for LamB and also for matrix porin (Garavito, R. M., Jenkins, J. A., Jansonius, J. N., Karlsson, R., and Rosenbusch, J. P. (1983) J. Mol. Biol. 164, 313-327), an additional protein from the outer membrane, OmpA, has been obtained as a microcrystalline preparation. PMID- 6231294 TI - Role of divalent cation bound to phosphoenzyme intermediate of sarcoplasmic reticulum ATPase. AB - Effect of divalent cations bound to the phosphoenzyme intermediate of the ATPase of sarcoplasmic reticulum was investigated at 0 degree C and pH 7.0 using the purified ATPase preparations. Our previous study (Shigekawa, M., Wakabayashi, S., and Nakamura, H. (1983) J. Biol. Chem. 258, 14157-14161) indicated that 1 mol of the ADP-sensitive phosphoenzyme (E1P) formed from CaATP has 3 mol of high affinity binding sites for Ca2+, of which two are transport sites for calcium while the remainder is the acceptor site for calcium derived from the substrate, CaATP ("substrate site"). When incubated with a chelator of divalent cation, E1P formed from CaATP released all of its bound calcium to form a divalent cation free phosphoenzyme. Evidence was presented that calcium dissociation from the substrate site was faster than that from the transport sites and primarily responsible for the ADP sensitivity loss of E1P induced by the chelator. Divalent cation-free phosphoenzyme was kinetically stable but when treated with divalent cations, it behaved similarly to the ADP-insensitive phosphoenzyme (E2P) which is the normal reaction intermediate of ATP hydrolysis. 45Ca bound at the substrate site on E1P formed from 45CaATP exchanged readily with nonradioactive ionized Ca2+ in the reaction medium whereas 45Ca at the transport sites on E1P was displaced only at a very slow rate which was almost the same as that for the phosphoenzyme hydrolysis. It was suggested that calcium at the transport sites on E1P formed from CaATP is released only after the rate-limiting conformational transition of the phosphoenzyme from E1P to E2P and that removal of calcium by a chelator from the substrate site facilitates this conformational transition, thereby allowing calcium bound at the transport sites to be released readily from the phosphoenzyme. PMID- 6231295 TI - Alterations in globin gene chromatin conformation during murine erythroleukemia cell differentiation. AB - Adult beta-globin gene chromatin in murine erythroleukemia (MEL) cells acquired increased sensitivity to both micrococcal nuclease and DNase I during hexamethylenebisacetamide-induced erythoid differentiation. The DNase I hypersensitivity of the globin genes accompanied their actual transcription and was strongly correlated with commitment events. On the other hand, the rate of micrococcal nuclease digestion was closely related to the rate of globin gene transcription. Two distinct DNase I hypersensitive sites were found on the 5' side of the beta-major globin gene in HMBA-induced cells. One site was located near the 5' side of the beta-major globin gene and the second site was located approximately 3 kilobases upstream of the beta-major cap site. Following the commitment of MEL cells to differentiate, DNase I sensitivity was stably inherited in the absence of inducer. In contrast to HMBA, another inducer, hemin, known to cause the accumulation of globin-specific mRNA in MEL cells by a post transcriptional mechanism, did not elicit alterations of beta-globin gene chromatin. The addition of dexamethasone, a hormone known to inhibit MEL cell commitment, blocked the formation of general and site-specific nuclease sensitivity of beta-globin gene chromatin prior to but not after cell commitment. PMID- 6231296 TI - Proton ATPase of rat liver mitochondria. Preparation and visualization of a functional complex using the novel zwitterionic detergent 3-[(3 cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio]-1-propanesulfonate. AB - The proton ATPase of rat liver mitochondria has been purified by a simple procedure which involves the use of the novel, zwitterionic detergent 3-[(3 cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio]-1-propanesulfonate to solubilize the membrane bound complex. The purified enzyme has a high, oligomycin-sensitive ATPase activity (11.3 +/- 2.9 mumol/min/mg) in the absence of added phospholipids. It shows, in four different gel electrophoretic systems, the five bands characteristic of the F1 portion of the complex and three additional Coomassie blue-stainable bands which have apparent molecular weights of 28,000, 19,000, and 13,600. A fourth Coomassie blue-stainable component of about 10,000-12,500 daltons comigrates with the delta subunit, whereas a fifth component, detectable only by absorption at 280 nm, is observed between the dye front and the 10,000 dalton species. The enzyme complex has been reconstituted into liposomal vesicles of asolectin. Under these conditions the enzyme catalyzes an ATP-Pi exchange reaction and is capable of translocating protons in an ATP-dependent manner as assayed by quenching of 9-amino-6-chloro-2-methoxyacridine. Both activities are inhibited by the addition of oligomycin, uncoupler, dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, and cadmium. At high detergent concentration, the complex appears in negative stain electron microscopy in a dispersed state. The tripartite structure is clearly visible in monomeric, dimeric, or trimeric forms of the molecule. At the low detergent concentration, the proton ATPase tends to cluster into densely packed arrays. This represents the first report of the properties of a functionally active proton ATPase solubilized and purified in the presence of a zwitterionic detergent. PMID- 6231297 TI - Flow characteristics in single and sequential aorto-coronary by-pass grafts. AB - Thirty five patients, operated upon with an aorto-coronary by-pass graft to left anterior descending artery and to a major diagonal branch, were prospectively analysed. The patients were divided into two comparable groups, in whom a single graft technique and a sequential graft technique was used respectively. Flows through the by-passes were measured electromagnetically during the operation. Flow to left anterior descending artery was significantly higher through an isolated by-pass than through a sequential by-pass. Flow to diagonal branch showed no significant difference in the two groups. The resistance of the intramyocardial coronary bed of the left anterior descending artery was lower with single than with sequential by-pass technique, while no difference existed between the resistance of intramyocardial coronary bed of the diagonal branch with both techniques. Blood velocity was higher in single by-pass to the left anterior descending artery than in the peripheral segment of sequential vein graft directed to the anterior descending artery. PMID- 6231298 TI - Aorto-iliac reconstruction with Dacron double velour. AB - Dacron double velour grafts were evaluated in an animal preparation and utilized in 318 patients undergoing elective aortic reconstruction for aneurysmal and occlusive disease. Dacron double velour forms an adherent inner lining, preclots easily, is soft, pliable and easy to handle and suture. Clinical studies revealed excellent patency with a low incidence of prosthesis related complications. No clinical evidence of overt prosthesis failure, dilation, aneurysm formation, or pseudointimal embolization occurred during an average follow-up of 2.3 years. PMID- 6231299 TI - Conservatism in the management of aortic aneurysms. AB - The authors discuss in general, conservative surgical therapy in the management of thoracic aneurysms and the principle that the purpose of such surgery is to prevent rupture and not "extirpation of a tumor". As an illustrative example, they present a case in which a large thoracoabdominal aneurysm was managed by bypass exclusion and individual grafting of the visceral arteries and-in the same patient-two aneurysms of the ascending aorta and aortic regurgitation caused by dissection were handled by valve suspension, limited resection, and external grafting. They promote the usage of conservative procedures versus radical resection in selected cases of aortic aneurysms as an effective alternate. PMID- 6231300 TI - Ultrastructural distribution of nuclear ribonucleoproteins as visualized by immunocytochemistry on thin sections. AB - The ultrastructural distribution of nuclear ribonucleoproteins (RNP) has been investigated by incubation of thin sections of mouse or rat liver, embedded in Lowicryl K4M or prepared by cryoultramicrotomy, with antibodies specific for RNP. The antibodies were localized by means of a protein A-colloidal gold complex. Anti-small nuclear (sn)RNP antibodies, specific for determinants of the nucleoplasmic snRNP species containing U1, U2, U4, U5, and U6 RNAs, were found associated preferentially with perichromatin fibrils, interchromatin granules, and coiled bodies. This indicates an early association of snRNP with structural constituents containing newly synthesized heterogeneous nuclear RNA. It also suggests a possible structural role of some snRNPs in nuclear architecture. Antibodies against the core proteins of heterogeneous nuclear RNP particles associate preferentially with the border regions of condensed chromatin, and in particular with perichromatin fibrils and some perichromatin granules. These results are discussed in view of recent knowledge about the possible role of nucleoplasmic RNP-containing components in the functions of the cell nucleus. PMID- 6231302 TI - The self-concept of physically handicapped children and their non-handicapped siblings: an empirical investigation. AB - Following a brief review of studies devoted specifically to the self-concept of the child with a physical handicap and the non-handicapped sibling, 20 pre adolescent physically handicapped children attending normal schools and their siblings nearest in age were administered the Piers-Harris Self-Concept Scale for Children. Their responses were then compared with those of 13 physically handicapped children attending special schools and their siblings, and with 18 non-handicapped children and their siblings. It was found that mean total scores were lower for both groups of physically handicapped children when compared to mean scores for the non-handicapped controls, with similar results amongst the groups of siblings, the mean scores for siblings of handicapped children being generally lower than those of the controls. The same results were found when the handicapped children's groups were pooled and analysed according to diagnosis. It was also found that there were few significant differences between pairs of target children and siblings, irrespective of their groupings. PMID- 6231301 TI - [Small-caliber arterial prosthesis: effect of porosity]. AB - Thirty-two pyrolytic carbon-coated weanenit Dacron grafts and 32 segments of human umbilical vein treated with glutaraldehyde were implanted into the carotid arteries of 32 dogs. Prosthesis segments were removed after intervals of from 10 to 120 days and sections examined by standard optical microscopy, and the internal surfaces by scanning electron microscopy. Overall percentage permeability was 93.7 p. cent for Dacron prostheses and 84.3 p.cent for human umbilical vein sections. Fundamental stages of pseudo intima organization were compared for the two types of prosthesis. PMID- 6231303 TI - Analysis of iodochlorhydroxyquin in biological materials by high-performance liquid chromatography. AB - A reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic system using a mobile phase of 0.05 M phosphoric acid--methanol (30:70) was developed for determination of iodochlorhydroxyquin (clioquinol, I) in biological material. I was extracted from samples with diethyl ether. Conjugates of I were hydrolyzed to free I and extracted by the same method. The ether phases were evaporated to dryness, reconstituted in the mobile phase and chromatographed using a microparticulate C18 column, a pre-column and a UV detector set at 256 nm. Quantitation of I in the range of 0.20-2.0 micrograms/ml of urine, 0.50-2.0 micrograms/g of liver, and 0.25-2.0 micrograms/g of feces was obtained with coefficients of variation of 0.02, 0.05, and 0.06, respectively. The detection limit of I was 0.2 micrograms. Extensive absorption of I upon topical application to dogs was also demonstrated. PMID- 6231304 TI - Quantification and confirmation of four Fusarium mycotoxins in corn by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-selected ion monitoring. AB - A rapid method for the simultaneous determination of T-2 toxin, HT-2 toxin, diacetoxyscirpenol and zearalenone has been developed. Corn samples (10 g) are extracted with methanol, defatted with hexane and subsequently cleaned-up using both reversed-phase (C18) and normal-phase (silica gel) Sep-Pak cartridges. Confirmation of identity is made by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-selected ion monitoring of three ions characteristic of the trimethylsilyl derivatives of the mycotoxins. Use of deuterated internal standards makes the method quantitatively reliable and increases sensitivity. Confirmation of identity as well as quantitation can be achieved at levels of ca. 20-50 ppb, depending on the mycotoxin. Detection limits (without confirmation of identity) are estimated at 1 20 ppb. Recoveries at the 46-111 ppb level ranged from 80 to 103% with coefficients of variation ranging from 1.6 to 14.2%. PMID- 6231305 TI - Analysis of retinoids by high-performance liquid chromatography using programmed gradient separation. PMID- 6231306 TI - Identification and function of the high affinity binding sites for Ca2+ on the surface of platelets. AB - Extracellular Ca2+ is required for platelet aggregation and secretion in response to ADP or epinephrine. Recently, we reported that the platelet surface contains two classes of high affinity binding sites for extracellular Ca2+. To identify these sites and clarify their role in platelet function, we have now (a) studied platelets congenitally deficient in surface membrane glycoproteins and (b) examined the effect of removing surface-bound Ca2+ on platelet responses to ADP and epinephrine. Unstimulated normal platelets contained 86,000 Ca2+-binding sites/platelet with a dissociation constant (Kd) of 9 nM and 389,000 sites with a Kd of 400 nM. In contrast, thrombasthenic platelets, which lack glycoproteins IIb and IIIa, exhibited a 92% reduction in the number of higher affinity Ca2+-binding sites and a 63% reduction in the number of lower affinity sites. Bernard-Soulier platelets, which lack glycoprotein Ib, were not deficient in Ca2+-binding sites. After stimulation with ADP, both normal and thrombasthenic platelets developed approximately 138,000 new Ca2+-binding sites/platelet (Kd = 400 nM), while the larger Bernard-Soulier platelets developed 216,000 new sites. These data suggest that IIb and IIIa represent the major Ca2+-binding glycoproteins on unstimulated platelets, while neither these glycoproteins nor Ib represent the new Ca2+ binding sites on stimulated platelets. Removal of Ca2+ from the platelet surface inhibited platelet function. Despite the presence of 1 mM Mg2+, ADP- and epinephrine-induced aggregation and [14C]serotonin release were markedly decreased at free Ca2+ concentrations less than 7 nM, a value similar to the Kd of the higher affinity Ca2+-binding sites. Moreover, gadolinium, a lanthanide that competed for these Ca2+-binding sites, also inhibited aggregation and serotonin release. These studies demonstrate, therefore, that the binding of extracellular Ca2+ to glycoproteins IIb/IIIa on unstimulated platelets or to additional membrane proteins on stimulated platelets is necessary for maximal platelet responses to ADP and epinephrine. Thus, the requirement for extracellular Ca2+ during platelet activation by these agonists may actually represent a requirement for surface-bound Ca2+. PMID- 6231308 TI - Evidence that glycocalicin circulates in normal plasma. AB - By using a combination of a heterologous antiserum to GPIb/glycocalicin and a radiolabeled monoclonal antibody to GPIb/glycocalicin, we were able to develop a sensitive and specific radioimmunoelectrophoretic assay that can distinguish small amounts of glycocalicin from GPIb. Normal plasmas were found to contain glycocalicin, even in samples treated with protease inhibitors and centrifuged extensively to remove platelets and platelet fragments. Confirmation that the plasma antigen had a relative molecular weight similar or identical to glycocalicin was obtained from studies employing gel chromatography and affinity chromatography. An immunoradiometric assay was developed to quantify plasma glycocalicin, and normal plasma was found to contain approximately 1-3 micrograms/ml. The plasma of a patient with severe thrombocytopenia due to aplastic anemia had less than 12.5% of the normal level of glycocalicin, whereas two patients with thrombocytopenia due to diseases of increased platelet destruction (idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura and hemolytic-uremic syndrome) had normal levels. Thus, there appears to be ongoing catabolism of platelet GPIb in vivo, and we postulate that the plasma level of glycocalicin reflects a complex function of factors, including platelet count, platelet turnover, and the site of platelet destruction. PMID- 6231307 TI - Relationship between systemic lupus erythematosus T cell subsets, anti-T cell antibodies, and T cell functions. AB - Previous studies have shown that patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) had differing T cell T4+/T8+ ratios and that the ratio correlated with clinical features of the disease. In the present study, we wished to determine whether the peripheral blood T cell subsets in these patients were related to the specificity of anti-T cell antibodies found in their plasma. Plasma from 24 SLE patients that reacted with greater than 20% of normal T cells were analyzed for their effect on in vitro pokeweed mitogen-stimulated immunoglobulin synthesis and for their reactivity with human T4+ and T8+ cells. Anti-T cell antibodies found in SLE patients have a spectrum of reactivities. We concentrated upon antibodies that interfere with suppressor function. One group of SLE anti-T cell antibodies reacts preferentially with the T8+ suppressor effector cell whereas another is reactive with T4+ suppressor inducer subsets. SLE patients with high T4+/T8+ ratios had anti-T cell antibodies predominantly reactive with the T8+ suppressor effector cells. Patients with low T4+/T8+ ratios, on the other hand, had anti-T cell antibodies reactive with either the T4+ suppressor inducer or with both the T4+ suppressor inducer and T8+ suppressor effector cells. In addition, a fourth group was defined whose anti-T cell antibodies were neither reactive with a functional T4+ suppressor inducer nor a functional T8+ suppressor effector cells. There was a significant correlation between the circulating T4+/T8+ ratio of peripheral T cells in these patients and the relative ability of their anti-T cell antibodies to kill T8+ cells vs. T4+ cells (gamma = 0.666, P less than 0.001). These results support the notion that in SLE different cellular defects in the immunoregulatory circuit underlie the development of autoimmune reactions and that the anti-T cell antibodies may cause numerical and functional deficiencies in T cell subsets. PMID- 6231309 TI - Gamma interferon induces monocytoid differentiation in the HL-60 cell line. AB - We investigated the ability of purified, recombinant DNA-derived interferons (IFN) to induce phenotypic changes in cells of the HL-60 promyelocytic leukemia cell line. Changes in cell surface markers detected by monoclonal antibodies as well as morphologic, histochemical, and functional changes were monitored. We found that gamma-IFN, but not alpha- or beta-IFN, induced the expression of antigens characteristic of monocytes and granulocytes (AML-2-23, 63D3, and 61D3), as well as changes in morphology consistent with monocytoid differentiation. These included induction of alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase, increased cell size, and a decrease in azurophilic granules. The gamma-IFN dose dependency and time course of the effect on antigen expression suggest that de novo protein synthesis was induced by gamma-IFN. The activity of gamma-IFN and of mixed-lymphocyte culture supernatant was blocked by a monoclonal antibody to gamma-IFN. Significant augmentation in the ability of the HL-60 cells to mediate antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity was induced by gamma-IFN. These findings suggest that gamma-IFN plays a role in the regulation of hematopoiesis. PMID- 6231310 TI - Decreased T lymphocyte migration in patients with malignancy mediated by a suppressor cell population. AB - The migration and concentration of lymphocytes at sites of antigenic challenge are an integral part of the expression of delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity, as well as of tumor and graft rejection. In this study, we have analyzed the migration of T lymphocytes from patients with malignancy. We used casein and concanavalin A (Con A)-stimulated mononuclear cell supernatants to stimulate T cell locomotion. Peripheral blood T lymphocytes from 30 patients with established malignancy, 10 patients with indolent malignancy or benign tumor, and 42 normal adult controls were tested. Data are expressed as a migration index (MI), which represents the difference in micrometers between the distance migrated in response to a stimulus and the distance migrated in response to media alone. We observed a marked depression in casein-stimulated T lymphocyte migration in patients with established malignancy (mean MI +/- 1 SD = 17.0 +/- 9 microns) as compared with normal adult controls (mean MI +/- 1 SD = 35.3 +/- 10 microns). Similar results were observed with migration in response to Con A supernatants. T cells from patients with established malignancy had a mean MI of 5.8 +/- 4 microns to Con A supernatants as compared with 24.5 +/- 5 for controls. This depressed migration was apparent both in the distance that cells migrated and in the number of cells that migrated into the membrane. Of 10 patients with indolent malignancy or benign tumor, T cell migration in 8 was not significantly decreased as compared with controls. When we mixed equal concentrations of normal control T lymphocytes with T lymphocytes from patients with cancer and added the mixture directly to the upper compartment of the chemotaxis chamber, the response of the normal T cells to casein was inhibited by an average of 48%. We observed inhibition of this migration of normal cells when we added as little as 10% of patient cells to normal cells. When we mixed normal control T lymphocytes from different donors and added them directly to the upper compartment of the chemotaxis chamber, T lymphocyte migration in response to casein was not significantly altered. If T cells from patients with cancer were cultured overnight, the suppressive effect on lymphocyte locomotion was lost. Our results indicate that there is a population of T lymphocytes in patients with cancer that suppress normal T lymphocyte migration. This suppressor activity may partially explain the subversion of immunosurveillance in established neoplastic states, as well as the defective inflammatory reaction to intradermal injection of antigen observed in many patients with malignancy. PMID- 6231311 TI - Cardiac conditioning ameliorates cardiac dysfunction associated with renal hypertension in rats. AB - To explore the effect of physiologic hypertrophy superimposed on pathologic hypertrophy, hearts from female control rats (C), renal hypertensive rats (H), rats conditioned with a 10-12 wk swimming program (Sw), and hypertensive rats trained by the swimming program (H-Sw) were perfused in an isolated working rat heart apparatus. Systolic blood pressure was approximately 100 mmHg in C and Sw and was 160 mmHg in H and H-Sw. The swimming program had no effect on blood pressure. Compared with C, heart weight was increased by 30% in Sw, 47% in H, and 77% in H-Sw. At high preload and afterload, cardiac output (milliliters per gram dry LV weight) was decreased in H, increased in Sw, and partially restored towards normal in H-Sw. Ejection fraction, percent fractional shortening, and mean velocity of circumferential fiber shortening were enhanced in Sw, depressed in H, and normalized in H-Sw when compared with C. Coronary flow and myocardial oxygen consumption in this series of hearts were depressed in H, with no restoration in H-Sw, but coronary effluent lactate/pyruvate ratios were only elevated in the hearts of H-Sw. Coronary vascular responses were examined in a second series of experiments which used microspheres. In this series, the depressed coronary flow observed in H was partially restored towards normal in H Sw and the inner/outer myocardial flow ratio was normal when hearts were perfused at 140 cm aortic pressure but was somewhat depressed in both H and H-Sw when the hearts were perfused at 80 cm aortic pressure. These studies demonstrate that hypertrophic hearts from renal hypertensive rats have diminished coronary flow and depressed cardiac function when they are studied in the isolated working heart apparatus, yet there is no evidence of myocardial ischemia. Superimposition of a chronic swimming program results in increased hypertrophy but restoration of cardiac function partially or completely to normal. Thus, pathologic and physiologic hypertrophy are biologically distinct entities. Physiologic hypertrophy may partially ameliorate the defects associated with pathologic hypertrophy. PMID- 6231312 TI - Abnormality of glycophorin-alpha on paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria erythrocytes. AB - To investigate the greater enzymatic activity of the alternative pathway convertase (and the subsequent greater fixation of C3b) on paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) erythrocytes, we have examined the topography of binding of C3b to PNH and normal erythrocytes. Using sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and autoradiography, the alpha-chain of C3b was found to bind via predominantly ester bonds to free hydroxyl groups on glycophorin-alpha, the major erythrocyte sialoglycoprotein. The pattern of binding of nascent C3b was the same for normal and PNH erythrocytes. Thus, although C3b binding to a different membrane constituent did not appear to account for the greater enzymatic activity of the alternative pathway convertase when affixed to PNH erythrocytes, it seemed possible that the glycoproteins to which C3b bound might be qualitatively abnormal on the PNH cells, and that structural differences in these molecules might impose modifications in the enzyme-substrate interactions of the alternative pathway convertase. Using methods for radiolabeling both protein and carbohydrate residues, we therefore compared the electrophoretic pattern of the cell-surface glycoproteins on PNH and normal erythrocytes. The glycophorin-alpha dimer was found to be qualitatively abnormal on the PNH cells as evidenced by its greater susceptibility to trypsin-mediated proteolysis. In addition, the abnormal erythrocytes from patients with PNH had fewer periodate oxidizable constituents than did normal erythrocytes, indicating a relative deficiency of cell-surface sialic acid. These investigations suggest that abnormalities in membrane glycoproteins may underlie the aberrant interactions of complement with the hematopoietic elements of PNH. PMID- 6231313 TI - Receptor-specific mediation by immunoglobulin E of antigen-induced contraction of tracheal and lung parenchymal strips isolated from the guinea pig. AB - The guinea pig is much like humans in the cells and mediators involved in immediate hypersensitivity reactions. However, the major anaphylactic antibody in this species is IgG1, not IgE. Recently, we have been successful in producing IgE antibody in guinea pigs. The current study examined whether guinea pig IgE antibody could mediate pulmonary smooth muscle contraction. IgE antibody to picryl and oxazolone determinants was induced by immunizing Hartley strain guinea pigs pretreated with cyclophosphamide. Hyperimmune serum from these animals was passed through a heavy chain-specific anti-IgG1 affinity column. The presence of IgE anti-hapten antibody in the filtrate fraction was verified by passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) testing with a 7-d period of local passive sensitization and by heat lability (56 degrees C X 4 h) of PCA activity. This IgE rich fraction, and purified IgG1 anti-hapten antibody were transferred to normal guinea pigs. Both fractions sensitized trachea and pulmonary parenchyma for antigen-induced smooth muscle contraction. The IgG1-mediated antigen-induced contractile response was not affected by heat (56 degrees C X 4 h) and was inhibited in a dose-dependent fashion by IgG1 blocking antibody (anti-OA). The IgE-mediated antigen-induced contractile response was significantly decreased by heat and was not affected by the anti-OA blocking antibody even at a concentration of 100 mg/kg. Thus, two antigen-specific factors in guinea pig serum can mediate antigen-induced pulmonary smooth muscle contraction: IgG1 and IgE antibodies. Our data also suggests that these antibodies mediate the contractile response through separate receptors. The finding that guinea pig IgE can mediate pulmonary smooth muscle contraction suggests this species can be a model for IgE-mediated events in the lung. PMID- 6231314 TI - HLA-DR human histocompatibility leukocyte antigens-restricted lymphocyte-monocyte interactions in the release from monocytes of acidic isoferritins that suppress hematopoietic progenitor cells. AB - Acidic isoferritins, which under normal conditions are released from monocytes and macrophages, have a suppressive effect in vitro on granulocyte-macrophage, erythroid, and multipotential hematopoietic progenitor cells. Cell interactions modulating the release of acidic isoferritin-inhibitory activity (AIFIA) from human monocytes were investigated using the bone marrow granulocyte-macrophage progenitor cells as a target cell assay for assessing AIFIA. Monocytes, in the absence of T lymphocytes, released AIFIA when allowed to condition culture medium at 10(4) or higher concentrations of monocytes/ml. However, subpopulations of T lymphocytes modulated the release of AIFIA from monocytes. OKT8+- and OKT4+-T lymphocytes were obtained from E-rosette-positive lymphocytes by using T lymphocyte subset-specific monoclonal antibodies in either a complement-dependent cytotoxicity test to select negatively for the cells or by selection using a "panning" procedure. OKT8+-T lymphocytes suppressed completely and OKT4+-T lymphocytes enhanced the constitutive release of AIFIA from monocytes. OKT4+ lymphocytes also induced the release of AIFIA from concentrations of 10(3) monocytes/ml which did not release measurable amounts of AIFIA by themselves. The release of AIFIA from monocytes involved HLA-DR+-monocytes and -T lymphocytes. Pulsing monocytes with monoclonal antibodies to framework determinants on HLA-DR molecules, in the absence of complement, did not influence the constitutive release of AIFIA. Pulsing monocytes or T lymphocyte subpopulations with such antibodies, in the absence of complement, blocked the suppressing and inducing activities of the appropriate subpopulations of T lymphocytes. Monoclonal antibodies to common determinants shared by HLA-A, B, and C molecules did not block these cellular interactions. Treating monocytes and T lymphocytes in a complement-dependent cytotoxicity test with dilutions of the anti-HLA-DR antibodies that did not block the cellular interactions removed the populations of monocytes constitutively releasing AIFIA and the T lymphocyte subsets modulating this release. Modulation of the release of AIFIA from monocytes by T lymphocyte subpopulations required the use of autologous cells, cells from HLA identical siblings, or unrelated donors matched for HLA-DR. Matching for only one HLA haplotype gave partial responses and this was seen in testing cells from related individuals as well as among unrelated test combinations. These cellular interactions were not detected with HLA-DR-incompatible cells differing for two HLA-DR antigens. Admixture of such HLA-DR- incompatible allogeneic cells did not interfere with the regulation of AIFIA release in the autologous cell interactions. Thus, release of AIFIA from monocytes is restricted genetically by HLA-DR at the level of T lymphocyte-monocyte interactions. The genetic determinants on the HLA-class II molecules that induce stimulation in vitro in mixed lymphocyte culture (i.e., HLA-D), however, were not involved in this effort. PMID- 6231315 TI - Selection and use of a method for the culture of blood leucocytes to reveal the fra(x) site. PMID- 6231316 TI - Platelet serotonin uptake inhibition as a basis for monitoring antidepressant drug treatment. AB - A quantitative method for measuring serotonin uptake inhibition in fresh platelets incubated in diluted plasma (stored frozen until analyzed) from patients treated with tricyclic and related antidepressants is described. The method was used in a clinical trial comparing the specific serotonin uptake inhibitor zimelidine with the mixed serotonin-norepinephrine uptake inhibitor desipramine in patients with endogenous depression, and correlating this with plasma drug concentration assessment. The bioassay, based on the use of one single, low concentration of serotonin, was found to be very sensitive and to have a high reliability (coefficient of variation about 2% as calculated from duplicate samples), and to correlate highly with log plasma concentration of zimelidine, norzimelidine, and of desipramine. This bioassay may have some advantages in relation to plasma drug concentration assessment, but only future studies can show whether it provides a better basis for antidepressant drug monitoring. PMID- 6231317 TI - Hydralazine-induced systemic lupus erythematosus presenting as pyoderma gangrenosum-like ulcers. AB - A 48-year-old white woman who for 3 years had been taking hydralazine, 100 mg three times a day, propranolol, 160 mg twice a day, and chlorothiazide, 500 mg/day, for hypertension suddenly developed rapidly expanding ulcers that looked like pyoderma gangrenosum. Arthralgias, fevers, and occasional shortness of breath were also noted. A pericardial effusion was diagnosed by echocardiography. The antinuclear antibody (ANA) titer on routine mouse liver substrate was initially negative, but the ANA titer was positive (1:1,920) on human epithelioid cell substrate. Antibodies to histones and single-stranded DNA were also elevated. After discontinuing hydralazine, all signs and symptoms cleared over a 4-week period. At the time of discharge the ANA titer had decreased to 1:480. PMID- 6231318 TI - Stimulation of Streptococcus thermophilus growth in mastitic milk. AB - Growth of Streptococcus thermophilus was faster in mastitic milk, aseptically collected following intramammary infusion of Escherichia coli endotoxin, than in normal aseptically collected milk. The contribution of polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMN), of plasma and plasmin to this stimulation has been investigated. Addition of plasmin to low cell count milk stimulated growth of the streptococcus to the same degree as mastitic milk. However, addition of plasma or PMN from blood or from milk were less stimulatory. The part played by these components in providing casein breakdown products for the weakly proteolytic Str. thermophilus in mastitic milk is discussed. PMID- 6231321 TI - Cutaneous manifestations in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. AB - Cutaneous lesions arising during the course of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), generally of the B-cell type, are frequent. Three types of cutaneous manifestations must be differentiated: (1) specific lesions, (2) cutaneous manifestations closely related to the disease but without a leukemoid infiltrate and (3) associations with various dermatologic conditions. The various clinical features are discussed. PMID- 6231319 TI - A two-year evaluation of a visible light-cured composite. PMID- 6231320 TI - The initial gap around large composite restorations in vitro: the effect of etching enamel walls. AB - Composite resin restorations in cavities are generally associated with the development of a contraction gap during the first minutes after insertion. Enamel Bond-Concise composite restoration were placed on both approximal sides of extracted pre-molars. The cervical walls of all cavities extended beyond the enamel-cement junction. The enamel walls of one of the cavities in each tooth were acid-etched. The contraction gap was kept air-filled and open at the margin through the use of a special technique. Enamel Bond resin with a fluorescent additive was applied to occlusal and cervical margins of the restorations. The fluorescent resin was "passively" drawn into the gap. In unetched cavities, resin penetrated both cervical and occlusal gaps and some areas of the gap at the axial wall. In cavities with etched enamel, the penetration occurred only at the cervical wall. The distance of penetration from the cervical margin varied from 1 to 6.5 mm, and the width of the contraction gap filled with the fluorescent resin varied from 3.5 to 16 micron. Comparison of the width of the gap at the cervical wall in etched and unetched cavities suggested larger gaps for etched cavities. The method used offers a new technique for the measurement of the contraction gaps around composite resin restorations. PMID- 6231322 TI - Mixed skin cell lymphocyte culture reaction (MSLR) in psoriasis. PMID- 6231324 TI - Clinical effects of abrupt withdrawal from tri-cyclic antidepressants and monoamine oxidase inhibitors after long-term treatment. AB - 51 psychiatric outpatients with depressive, anxiety and phobic neuroses were withdrawn from their maintenance treatment with tricyclic antidepressant drugs or the monoamine oxidase inhibitor, phenelzine, at a time mutually agreed between patient and doctor. Self-ratings of anxiety and depression were recorded at the time of withdrawal and at weekly intervals thereafter for 4 weeks. An increase in symptoms after withdrawal was found to be more likely after longer duration of maintenance treatment and in patients taking phenelzine. PMID- 6231323 TI - [Human intraspecific genetic polymorphism and the sensitivity of the chromosome apparatus to the mutagenic action of vaccinal viral strains]. PMID- 6231325 TI - Family history in delusional depression. AB - Family psychiatric history was compared in the 472 first-degree relatives of 31 delusional and 35 nondelusional inpatients who met DSM III criteria for major depression with melancholia. Morbid risks for psychiatric illness or for psychiatric treatment variables did not differ between the two groups. Specifically, rates of affective and psychotic illnesses in families did not distinguish delusional from nondelusional probands. The findings do not support the hypothesis of a genetic relationship of nonaffective psychosis to delusional depression. PMID- 6231326 TI - Speech pause time and the retardation rating scale for depression (ERD). Towards a reciprocal validation. AB - Sixteen depressed inpatients were studied before the onset of treatment and within 48 h of discharge or of a change in medication. Patients' evaluation included clinical ratings with the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) and the Retardation Rating Scale for Depression (ERD), and measure of Speech Pause Time (SPT). The main results are a confirmation in French-speaking patients of Szabadi et al.'s and Greden et al.'s findings and the strong correlation between SPT changes and ERD score changes. The latter point constitutes a reciprocal validation of SPT and ERD. PMID- 6231327 TI - Mania and DSM-III schizophreniform disorder. AB - The investigations applied DSM-III schizophreniform criteria to 111 patients satisfying Feighner criteria for mania. Thirteen manics (12%) who met the DSM-III criteria were compared to the remaining manics. Manics satisfying DSM-III schizophreniform criteria had more depressive symptoms, but the two groups did not differ significantly on a number of demographic, clinical, and laboratory variables previously found to discriminate schizophrenics from affectives. The morbid risk for affective disorder in first-degree relatives of manics satisfying DSM-III schizophreniform criteria, although not significantly different, was one third that of the remaining manics. However, the morbid risk for alcoholism in the relatives of the schizophreniform sample was twice that of the other group. The relative groups did not differ in combined morbid risk for alcoholism and affective disorder. The validity for psychiatric research of the DSM-III schizophreniform category is discussed in light of these findings. PMID- 6231328 TI - Study of the diagnostic value of the dexamethasone suppression test in endogenous depression. AB - The diagnostic value of the dexamethasone suppression test (DST) in "endogenous" depression was evaluated in 209 psychiatric inpatients. A high incidence of abnormal DST results was observed in "endogenous" depressives (52%), schizo affective (69%) and borderline patients (38%). However, 25% of the patients with other psychiatric disease also failed to suppress on the DST. Diagnostic criteria, previous history of alcoholism, psychiatric drug treatment, age and sex did not significantly affect DST performance. The present data do not indicate that the DST represents a highly specific marker of "endogenous" depression. PMID- 6231329 TI - Relationship between EEG sleep measures and clinical ratings of depression. A revisit. AB - The relationship between clinical and behavioral ratings and EEG sleep variables has been controversial, leading to a possible premature abandonment of the possible significance for these interrelationships. Instead, our reexamination of this issue in 62 depressed patients suggests that while the strength of these relationships do not account for the majority of variance, correlations between EEG sleep and behavioral measures should not be disregarded as trivial, for the degree of these relationships is commensurate with other behavioral-biological relationships. PMID- 6231330 TI - Classification of depressive illness. Clinico-psychological correlates. AB - 347 patients with primary depressive illness were studied. Patients were classified on the Newcastle Diagnostic Scale and their depression was rated on the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRS) and self-rated on the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Clinical and personality factors were studied in relation to classification. Personality was measured by the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire, Fould's Personality Deviance Scale, the Marke-Nyman Temperament Scale and the Crown-Crisp Experimental Index. The frequency distribution of the Newcastle scores of all 347 patients was unequivocally unimodal. Significant positive correlations were obtained between patients' Newcastle scores, age, and HRS scores but not with BDI scores. Patients with non-endogenous depression showed clinical and personality differences compared with those with endogenous depression, and with a group of bipolar depressives. PMID- 6231331 TI - Anxious depressions. Clinical, family history, and naturalistic outcome- comparisons with panic and major depressive disorders. AB - Patients with anxiety and depressive states were divided into 4 groups: those with panic attacks only, those with panic disorder and secondary depression, those with depression and secondary panic attacks, and those with depression only. Clinical and familial differences between the groups are described. Patients with both depression and panic attacks had the poorest outcome, and were most likely to be chronically depressed. PMID- 6231332 TI - Lithium, red blood cell choline and clinical state. A prospective study in manic depressive patients. AB - Red blood cell (RBC) choline and ergothioneine levels were measured after repeated sampling of bipolar manic-depressive patients over 11 months of lithium maintenance. In addition, blood levels were measured in healthy volunteers, newly hospitalised lithium-free patients and from patients prior to, and after, initiating lithium. RBC choline levels did not differ between normal volunteers and newly admitted lithium-free patients with either mania or depression. After 4 weeks of lithium treatment RBC choline levels increased 6-fold, whereas the levels of the closely related compound ergothioneine did not change. Significant changes in mood during lithium maintenance were not accompanied by changes in RBC choline levels. These data indicate that lithium produced a specific accumulation of choline in erythrocytes. However the increased levels appear to be unrelated to clinical state and do not distinguish lithium responders from non-responders PMID- 6231333 TI - The characterization of depressive disorders in serious juvenile offenders. AB - The authors systematically evaluated a selected population of juvenile offenders for the prevalence of affective disorders. Seventy-one (40 male, 31 female) serious juvenile offenders were interviewed using the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia (SADS). They were then diagnosed using the Research Diagnostic Criteria (RDC) and the DSM-III. The Hamilton Rating Scales (HRS), Carroll Self-Rating Scale (CSRS), and Global Rating Scale for Depression (GRS) were also obtained for each subject. Eleven (15%) subjects were diagnosed as having an active major depressive disorder (MDDa), 6 (8%) subjects were diagnosed as having a major depressive disorder in remission (MDDr), and 9 (13%) as having a minor depressive disorder (mDD). The HRS, CSRS, and GRS differentiated the MDDa from the other three groups including MDDr, mDD and all other psychiatric diagnoses. RDC subtypes of depressive disorders were identified in those juvenile offenders with active major depressive disorders (MDDa) and compared to a population of hospitalized adolescents with major depressive disorders. There were significant differences in the distribution of the subtypes identified. Secondary, agitated and endogenous subtypes occurred significantly more often. The diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic significance of these findings are discussed. PMID- 6231334 TI - Plasma levels and clinical response during treatment with clomipramine. AB - The plasma levels of clomipramine (CI) and its major metabolite desmethylclomipramine (DMCI) may be related to clinical response during treatment of depression. Not all workers have been able to demonstrate such a relationship. The many factors which may affect clinical response include sample selection, assessment and its quantification and kinetic factors. A further investigation into the relationship between plasma levels and response was, therefore, carried out taking these into account and attempting to control them. Sixty-two patients with depressive illness were included. The plasma levels of CI + DMCI as measured on the 28th day of treatment were correlated against clinical response at the time. Patients with the highest combined plasma levels showed the best response. Patients with intermediate plasma levels showed more modest response, whilst lowest plasma levels tended to be shown by patients who exhibited an inadequate response or who relapsed during subsequent outpatient follow-up. The threshold value for satisfactory antidepressant effect appeared to be a combined CI + DMCI plasma level of 160-200 mg/ml. PMID- 6231335 TI - Development and regression of left ventricular hypertrophy. AB - Left ventricular hypertrophy is an important adaptive response to chronic pressure or volume overload of the left ventricle. The different types and the pathophysiologic mechanisms of the development of left ventricular hypertrophy in various disease states are reviewed. Detection of left ventricular hypertrophy may be accomplished by electrocardiography and cardiac angiography. Echocardiography, however, is the most accurate noninvasive method to detect the presence and estimate the severity of increased left ventricular mass. The clinical significance of left ventricular hypertrophy and its prognostic implications in several cardiac diseases associated with hypertrophy are discussed. The critical transition stage from adaptive, compensatory and reversible left ventricular hypertrophy to "pathologic" hypertrophy with impaired left ventricular contractility and irreversible myocardial damage is yet unknown. Recent data are presented that provide evidence of regression of left ventricular hypertrophy after medical treatment of patients with hypertension and after aortic valve replacement in patients with aortic valve disease. The clinical importance of regression of hypertrophy and its effects on long-term prognosis remain to be determined. PMID- 6231336 TI - Two-dimensional echocardiographic imaging of left atrial appendage thrombi. AB - The utility of two-dimensional echocardiography in the diagnosis of left atrial thrombi is well documented. One major limitation of this technique, however, has been the failure to successfully image left atrial appendage thrombi. This report discusses the presumptive diagnosis in three patients of pathologically confirmed left atrial appendage thrombi using a modified short-axis parasternal two dimensional echocardiographic view. PMID- 6231337 TI - Regression of left ventricular hypertrophy: partial answers for persistent questions. PMID- 6231338 TI - Histamine-induced suppressor-cell activity. PMID- 6231340 TI - Huntington's disease discovery. PMID- 6231339 TI - [Peridural analgesia during labor: comparative study of a fentanyl-marcaine combination and marcaine alone]. AB - A randomised trial was carried out to evaluate the use of a mixture of fentanyl with marcaine in epidural analgesia. Two series of 30 patients each were studied: in the first only marcaine was given for the epidural and in the second marcaine and fentanyl mixed. Stronger and longer analgesia was obtained in the series where fentanyl was added showing that local anaesthetics can be potentiated by opiates. There was no significant difference in the two series as far as the cardiovascular, respiratory and blood gas measurements were concerned, either in the mother or in the fetus. PMID- 6231341 TI - Thrombophlebitis of the abdominal wall. PMID- 6231342 TI - On the nomenclature of complex carbohydrates. PMID- 6231343 TI - Immunologic characterization of MHC recombinant swine: role of class I and II antigens in in vitro immune responses. AB - A recombinant haplotype between the class I and class II major histocompatibility loci of inbred miniature swine has made it possible to study the role of the corresponding antigens in in vitro and in vivo immune responses. Before examining the effects of selective SLA locus matching on allograft survival, it was deemed necessary to determine the corresponding effects on in vitro parameters of immunity. The results presented in this paper indicate that: (1) a difference at the class II loci was required for a maximal proliferative response; (2) class I antigen differences alone led to a slight proliferative response which depended on the haplotype combination used; (3) in cell-mediated cytoxicity assays, the class I antigens were found to be the primary targets for lysis. Although optimal CTL generation required the presence of both class I and class II antigen differences, CTL were sometimes generated in the absence of a known class II difference. The weak, intermittent cytotoxicity seen in these cultures of class II matched cells could be augmented by the addition of third party, class I matched, class II mismatched, stimulator cells. Taken together, these data provide evidence for the conservation of function of antigen class between species. They also provide further evidence for the two-signal hypothesis of CTL generation. Thus, MHC recombinant swine provide a model for the study of the effect of antigen class on in vitro and in vivo immunobiology. PMID- 6231344 TI - Stem cells and immunological parameters in mice during the latency period and after the development of chemically induced leukemia. AB - T-cell leukemias have been induced in adult BDF1 mice by 12 or 15 weeks of exposure to butylnitrosourea (BNU) in the drinking water. This led to a depression of CFU-S numbers and reduced T- and B-cell responses to mitogens. These parameters were then studied during the BNU-free preleukemic latency period in individual mice. At the same time, leukemic cells were traced in the thymus, the spleen, and the bone marrow by transplantation. In mice without leukemia and mice with leukemic cells in only one organ, there was a general tendency to normal CFU-S numbers and T- and B-cell responses with time after BNU, although control levels were reached in only a few of the mice. The reaction of mixed lymphocyte cultures (MLC) remained low during the latency period. In the thymus an imbalance of the Con A, PHA, and MLC responses was observed. Out of 25 mice with induced leukemia, 8 had leukemic cells in the thymus only and 2 in the marrow only. In mice with leukemic cells in all 3 hemopoietic organs and an enlargement of the spleen, a shift of CFU-S from the marrow to the spleen was observed. PMID- 6231345 TI - [Serum hormonal activities in normal women and in patients with breast cancer]. PMID- 6231346 TI - [Introduction to Doppler laser flow measurement. Study of cutaneous vascularization]. AB - The microcirculatory unit, which links arterioles with venules, is responsible for metabolic exchanges with the interstitial tissues and for the regulation of skin temperature. The sympathetic system controls cutaneous vascularization. A satisfactory method for dynamic clinical investigation of skin vascularization, previously not available, is now possible with the Doppler laser flowmeter which provides relative measurement of blood flow in the microcirculation. Three studies were conducted using this simple technique. Changes in skin blood flow were recorded in healthy volunteers during physiological stress: reactive hyperemia, hot and cold reaction test, respiratory changes, postural modifications. In patients with arteritis, the immediate effects of lumbar sympathectomy on skin blood flow were measured. During exploration of patients with vasomotor disorders, the cold test was performed by exposing the extremities in a thermal chamber: laser flowmeter recordings provided data on specific alterations occurring during a disease or Raynaud's syndrome. These findings will assist quantification of, and the application of predictive tests to the most useful measures to adopt for vasomotor disorders. PMID- 6231347 TI - [A thermal chamber for the cold test in vasomotor disorders]. AB - The cold test represents an essential part of the functional exploration of the vascular system performed in Raynaud's disease, but its physiological nature depends upon the use of a sufficiently large area of skin. Several measurements must be conducted simultaneously and various temperature ranges used to allow for the variable threshold of vascular reactivity to cold of different individuals. A thermal chamber is presented which enables the simultaneous performance of plethysmography, digital pressure recordings and capillaroscopy at different temperature ranges. A novel use of a laser flowmeter is also described. Peri ungual capillaroscopy enables determination of the temperature, when capillary spasm appears and then is relieved during progressive cooling followed by reheating. This apparatus can be adapted for use of all techniques for exploration of vascular function. PMID- 6231348 TI - [Other applications of numeric angiography]. AB - Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) is a valuable technique to study the aorta and its branches by intravenous injection. This technique is particularly devoted to study hypertensive patients and renal transplants. Nevertheless, the intravenous injection presents some limits, so the arterial route is sometimes still necessary. The arterial approach is particularly useful for studying immediate results of the arterial angioplasty. PMID- 6231349 TI - The value of laparoscopic visualization in patients with primary amenorrhea. PMID- 6231350 TI - Leukaemia and childhood cancer in twins. AB - Data from the United Kingdom on childhood leukaemia and childhood cancer in twins and from the United States on leukaemia in twins are analysed by a new method. The method distinguishes determinants occurring before the stage of pregnancy corresponding with the cleavage of MZ pairs, from determinants occurring after this point. It derives estimates of the frequencies of each class of determinant. Different aetiological models are characterised by particular combinations of frequencies, and can thus be identified. The results of the analysis suggest that the major determinants of childhood leukaemia, and possibly of the solid cancers as well, operate before the time of cleavage. They operate either on the early zygote or its component germ cells. These early determinants are not, however, sufficient causes and require combination with postcleavage determinants, which subsequently occur in about a quarter of all children, before leukaemia can ensue. PMID- 6231351 TI - Hearing difficulty and its psychological implications for the elderly. AB - A random sample of patients aged 70 and over from a general practice were interviewed in their own homes. Information was sought on their hearing difficulty and mental state: standardised measures of anxiety, depression, and memory loss were used. Of the 657 subjects interviewed, 33% reported having difficulty hearing normal conversations and 6% reported experiencing "much difficulty." Hearing difficulty was associated with both depression and anxiety, but the associations weakened when adjustment was made for physical disability. The association with memory loss disappeared when adjusted for physical disability. There was a close relationship both with age and physical disability. PMID- 6231353 TI - Natural killer cells activated in a human mixed lymphocyte response culture identified by expression of Leu-11 and class II histocompatibility antigens. AB - Lymphoid cells with natural killer (NK)-like function, morphology, and antigenic phenotype have been identified in a mixed lymphocyte culture generated by co culture of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells with an allogeneic human B lymphoblastoid cell line CCRF-SB. The majority of these mixed lymphocyte (MLR) response activated NK cells express the Leu-11 surface antigen, but do not express certain T cell-associated antigens (Leu-1, Leu-3, and Leu-4) or the mature monocyte specific antigen, Leu-M3. Unlike most freshly isolated Leu-11+ human NK cells, the MLR-activated Leu-11+ cells expressed class II major histocompatibility antigens, DR and DC. Concomitant with expression of class II gene products, the Leu-11+,DR+ NK cells demonstrate enhanced cytotoxicity against the NK-sensitive tumor cell line K562. The presence of mitotic cells in the Leu 11+,DR+ population and the acquisition of increased levels of transferrin receptor on the cell surface were further indicators of activation of these cells. The direct precursors of the MLR-activated Leu-11+,DR+ cell were Leu-11+ cells that lacked expression of another NK-associated antigen Leu-7, i.e., Leu-7 ,11+. These studies provided a definitive identification of the "NK-like" cell in MLR cultures and thus allow quantitation and isolation of these cells for further study. PMID- 6231354 TI - [Assessment of peripheral vascular disease by Tc-99m MAA leg scan]. PMID- 6231352 TI - Antiidiotypic immunity in interstitial nephritis. II. Rats developing anti tubular basement membrane disease fail to make an antiidiotypic regulatory response: the modulatory role of an RT7.1+, OX8- suppressor T cell mechanism. AB - Antiidiotypic immunity can successfully inhibit the development of antitubular basement membrane (alpha TBM) disease that produces interstitial nephritis. Rats normally immunized to produce disease, however, do not develop this regulatory and protective antiidiotypic effect. The failure to see such a regulatory response is functionally related to the influence of a nonspecific, RT7.1+, OX8 suppressor T cell that appears shortly after immunization. While this suppressor cell system can partially reduce the intensity of disease, it also limits the host's ability to specifically regulate the alpha TBM immune response and, hypothetically, leaves the disease process in an operationally active mode. PMID- 6231355 TI - Inhibition of the synthesis and secretion of extracellular glucosyl- and fructosyltransferase in Streptococcus sanguis by sodium ions. AB - The influence of Na+ and K+ on the synthesis and secretion of extracellular glucosyltransferase (GTF; EC 2.4.1.5) and fructosyltransferase (FTF; EC 2.4.1.10) by Streptococcus sanguis NCTC 7865 and Streptococcus sanguis Challis NCTC 7868 has been determined. No FTF and little or no mutansucrase (GTF-I) activities were detectable during growth on glucose or sucrose unless the Na+/K+ ratio of the cultures was kept low. Increasing K+ concentrations stimulated the production of FTF and dextransucrase (GTF-S), but all glycosyltransferase activities decreased in high K+ media when the growth pH was maintained with NaOH instead of KOH, indicating that the Na+/K+ ratio effect was due principally to Na+ inhibition. Significant GTF and FTF activities were detected in a putative GTF- mutant of strain Challis grown in high K+ medium but not in high Na+ medium, suggesting that the mutant might be defective in a regulatory gene. PMID- 6231356 TI - Arachnoid cysts of the sylvian fissure. Evidence of fluid secretion. AB - Morphological and enzyme ultracytochemical evidence is presented to support the contention that the walls of arachnoid cysts secrete fluid. Clinical evidence has already suggested this phenomenon, including intracranial pressure elevation and expansion in some cases, and the observation that arachnoid cysts constitute closed compartments with a fluid content that cannot be derived from other cerebrospinal fluid-containing spaces. Ultrastructurally, the cyst lining showed a similarity to subdural neurothelium and the neurothelial lining of arachnoid granulations in such morphological features as intercellular clefts with sinusoid dilatations, desmosomal intercellular junctions (upon which tonofilaments may be abutting), pinocytotic vesicles, multivesicular bodies, lysosomal structures, and the presence of a basal lamina. Some of these features, together with the presence of microvilli on the luminal surface, are consistent with fluid secretion. Moreover, enzyme cytochemistry demonstrated (Na+ + K+)-ATPase in the plasma membranes lining the cavity, either directly (the apical membranes), or via the intercellular clefts (the basolateral membranes), and, with alkaline phosphatase occupying the opposite plasma membranes, this structural organization indicates fluid transport toward the lumen. It may be surmised that arachnoid cysts derive from subdural neurothelium differentiating towards arachnoid villus mesothelium. PMID- 6231357 TI - Abnormalities of thyroid function in infants with Down syndrome. AB - We describe 12 of 1130 infants with Down syndrome in whom various degrees of thyroid dysfunction were detected by neonatal screening. These aberrations were confirmed subsequently in 11 patients. In eight of 11 children, persistent primary hypothyroidism, was diagnosed, whereas in the remaining three patients transient thyroid abnormalities were noted. The twelfth patient died and could not be retested. We found an incidence of persistent primary congenital hypothyroidism in infants with Down syndrome of 1:141, or about 28 times more than in the general population. The cause of thyroid aberrations in these infants remains unclear; none of the studied patients had agenesis or ectopia of the thyroid gland. On initial screening most infants with Down syndrome had only mild biochemical abnormalities, with gradual decompensation occurring thereafter. Infants with Down syndrome are therefore at high risk for congenital hypothyroidism and should have careful follow-up to prevent further deterioration of their mental development or growth. PMID- 6231358 TI - Chlamydia trachomatis as a cause of pneumonitis and pleural effusion. PMID- 6231359 TI - Nutritional requirements of Schistosoma japonicum eggs. AB - Newly laid eggs of Schistosoma japonicum were cultured in a serum-free, chemically defined medium, RPMI 1640, which contained 20 amino acids, glutathione, 11 vitamins, and glucose in a balanced salt solution. The requirements for these components in the nutrition of the eggs was investigated by the deletion of single component from the medium. The following 14 amino acids were shown to be essential for the full development of the egg in the medium: L arginine, L-cystine, glycine, L-histidine, L-isoleucine, L-leucine, L-lysine, L methionine, L-phenylalanine, L-serine, L-threonine, L-tryptophan, L-tyrosine, and L-valine. Choline chloride was the essential vitamin. The omission of nicotinamide from the medium affected maturation adversely. Glucose was also required by the eggs. Minimal concentration of glucose for maturation of the eggs was 0.02 mM, but concentrations ranging from 0.16 to 20.00 mM gave better results while the concentration of the other elements of the medium were kept constant. PMID- 6231360 TI - Comparative isoenzyme analysis of various stages of Brugia malayi and Brugia pahangi. PMID- 6231361 TI - Measuring milk intake in breast-fed babies. AB - The relative merits of test weighing, water turnover methods, and a flowmeter method for the measurement of milk intake in breast-fed babies are reviewed to allow the prospective investigator to choose the method most suited to his or her needs. Provided that measurements are made over 3-4 days to minimize the effects of day-to-day variation in milk intake, test weighing is a satisfactory procedure when feed frequency is low and individual feed volumes are large. However, in developing countries where frequency is high and feed volumes low, test weighing is inherently less accurate and may impose an unfamiliar and unphysiological discipline on the mother and child that severely limits its usefulness. In these circumstances methods based on the measurement of water turnover rates using 2H2O are the only procedures likely to yield useful information. A method in which single doses of 2H2O are given to the mother, and milk intake rates measured over 14 days, is described. Neither test weighing nor water turnover methods provide simultaneous milk intake and composition data. The development of flowmeter methods will make this possible, but their use is likely to limited to metabolic wards rather than the home and widespread use in community studies is not a practical proposition. PMID- 6231362 TI - Distribution of certain subgingival microbial species in selected periodontal conditions. PMID- 6231363 TI - Gingival crevicular fluid antibody to oral microorganisms. I. Method of collection and analysis of antibody. PMID- 6231365 TI - Preliminary characterization of material eluted from roots affected by juvenile periodontitis. PMID- 6231364 TI - Cytopathic effects of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans on monkey blood leukocytes. PMID- 6231366 TI - Microscopic evaluation of root surface associations in vivo. PMID- 6231367 TI - Effects of phosphoric acid on root dentin surface. A scanning and transmission electron microscopic study. PMID- 6231369 TI - A photometric test method for the control of gingival recessions. PMID- 6231368 TI - Relationship between linear and area measurements of radiographic bone levels utilizing simple computerized techniques. PMID- 6231370 TI - Microbiological and clinical short-term effects of repeated intracrevicular chlorhexidine rinsings. PMID- 6231371 TI - The effect of antifibrinolytic agents on the healing of modified Widman flaps in monkeys. PMID- 6231372 TI - Healing following citric acid conditioning of roots implanted into bone and gingival connective tissue. PMID- 6231374 TI - The center of the umbilicus as the Veress needle's entry site for laparoscopy. AB - Transumbilical laparoscopy was performed on 217 patients for diagnostic purposes. The center of the umbilicus was chosen as the entry site for both the Veress needle and the trocar. Two years of follow-up on 92 patients, including 29 who carried full-term pregnancies, did not reveal any damage to the umbilicus or any hernia formation. Beyond cosmetic advantages, the procedure proved to be easier for creating a pneumoperitoneum. No false passage or obstructive bleeding occurred during the procedures. PMID- 6231373 TI - Elastic properties of the cat soleus tendon and their functional importance. AB - A new method has been used to measure the stiffness of the entire tendinous component of the soleus muscle of the cat. During sinusoidal stretching of the muscle-tendon combination, the motor nerves were stimulated repetitively in such a way that the force of contraction offset the movement, and the muscle fibres remained at constant length. The afferent endings of muscle spindles were used to detect extension of the muscle fibres. In this null situation, when the spindles did not 'see' any movement, all of the applied movement was assumed to have been taken up in the tendinous components, and measurements of the movement and force allowed the stiffness to be calculated. Precautions were taken to avoid the effects of fusimotor stimulation. The stiffness of the entire tendinous component increased with increasing muscle force by approximately 2 N/mm per Newton mean force from 2 N/mm at low force to about 25 N/mm at 11 N; the method could not be used for larger forces. Independent measurements of the stiffness of the external part of the tendon were made by both static and dynamic methods. The entire tendinous component was much less stiff than the external tendon. Measurements of the dimensions of the tendon allowed Young's modulus for the tendon to be calculated. It increased from about 250 N/mm2 at 2.5 N to about 450 N/mm2 at 10 N mean force. Measurements of dissected muscles allowed comparisons to be made between the stiffness of the external tendon and the stiffness of the entire tendinous component in the muscles. Scaling of the stiffness of the external part of the tendon to the length of the entire tendinous component gave a value of stiffness which was similar to that measured by the spindle null method. The compliance of tendons has implications for the control of movement which are discussed. PMID- 6231375 TI - Correlations between laparoscopic and hysteroscopic findings in 497 women with otherwise unexplained infertility. AB - Laparoscopy and hysteroscopy were undertaken simultaneously in 497 women presenting with otherwise unexplained infertility. Of them, 285 complained of primary infertility and 212 of secondary infertility. Laparoscopic evidence of pelvic inflammatory disease in the absence of endometriosis was noted in 103 patients with primary and in 108 women with secondary infertility. Lesions were noted on hysteroscopy in both groups as well as in 34% of women with normal laparoscopic examinations. No specific dependency could be demonstrated between any laparoscopically detected lesion and hysteroscopically detected lesion. A significant dependency was demonstrated only between a history of secondary infertility and uterine adhesions (chi 2 = 12.03, 1 df, p less than 0.01). While the combined endoscopic findings did not demonstrate any dependency, the findings of this study demonstrate the importance of hysteroscopy in assessing all patients with infertility, especially those with secondary infertility. PMID- 6231376 TI - Disabled women: a new issue in education. PMID- 6231377 TI - Gas exchange in abdominal cavity during laparoscopy. AB - Gas exchange occurring in the abdominal cavity during laparoscopy, using carbon dioxide as the insufflating gas, was investigated in 25 female patients being ventilated with 66.6% nitrous oxide and 33.3% oxygen. The gas remaining in the abdomen at the end of the procedure was collected and measurements were made using an infrared spectrometer, a paramagnetic analyser and a mass spectrometer. The mean duration of the laparoscopy was 9.5 minutes and the mean volume of carbon dioxide delivered was 6.8 litres. Nitrous oxide concentration in the abdomen was found to increase significantly with the duration of the procedure, varying from 1.4% to 12.8% with a mean of 4.3% (s.d. +/- 2.4). Oxygen concentration measured from 0.1 to 1.8% with a mean of 0.7% (s.d. +/- 0.4). Nitrogen concentration varied from zero to 1.8%, having a mean concentration of 0.8% (s.d. +/- 0.5). Carbon dioxide content was from 85.7 to 99.6% with a mean concentration of 94.2% (s.d. +/- 3.1). PMID- 6231378 TI - Some ethical issues in dementia research. AB - The ethical problems associated with dementia have been thrown into focus by the ageing population. The elderly form a disadvantaged group in society and the author wonders if it is morally justified to pursue research into ways of arresting pathology without concomitant attention being paid to the quality of life of the surviving elderly. Precise diagnosis of dementia requires invasive, and potentially injurious, brain biopsy. Recent thinking has pointed to some of the advantages of biopsy. The question of consent in a patient with impaired mental function has to be borne in mind. As for the special ethical problems associated with Huntington's chorea, it is argued there is no justification for withholding information from, or for authoritarian direction of, patients and 'at risk' relatives but the importance of full discussion before undertaking predictive procedures is stressed. PMID- 6231379 TI - Depo-Provera--ethical issues in its testing and distribution. AB - Ethical issues relating to the use of the injectable contraceptive in developed and developing countries alike involve public policy decisions concerning both criteria for testing a new drug and individual choices about using a specific form of contraception approved for national distribution. Drug testing consists of an important but still evolving set of procedures. Depo-Provera is not qualitatively different from any other drug and some unpredictable risks are inevitable, even after extensive animal experiments and clinical trials. In assessing the risks and benefits of Depo-Provera use, epidemiological data from large-scale human use is now beginning to become more important than data from animal experiments and clinical trials. The consumer's best interest is central to any ethically responsible system of drug distribution. Systems of informed choice are needed, even in societies where illiteracy remains common and medical services are weak. In the case of a contraceptive, the risks of non-use leading to unintended pregnancy, which can result in high mortality, are relevant as well as the side-effects of the method. An attempt, therefore, is made here to categorise those issues which are universal and those which are country-specific. PMID- 6231380 TI - Changes in cardiac cathepsin B activity in response to interventions that alter heart size or protein metabolism: comparison with cathepsin D. AB - The specific activity of cardiac cathepsin B is significantly decreased by starvation and corticosteroid treatment in vivo, and by exposure of the heart in vitro to insulin, hydrocortisone and cycloheximide. Increases in cathepsin B activity occur following isoproterenol-induced cardiac damage in vivo and exposure in vitro to sucrose. Cathepsin B activity in heart is not changed during normal aging or in thyrotoxicosis. These responses are different from simultaneous changes in cardiac cathepsin D activity in several instances (starvation, corticosteroid treatment, aging and thyrotoxicosis). In the past, measurements of cathepsin D activity in heart have sometimes been considered to be representative of lysosomal proteinase activity in general and used as an index of cardiac lysosomal proteolytic capacity. The present results suggest that changes in cathepsin D do not necessarily reflect alterations in other lysosomal proteinases and may not serve as a valid indicator of overall lysosomal proteolytic capacity under all conditions. PMID- 6231381 TI - Impaired function of mitochondrial electron transfer complex I in canine myocardial ischemia: loss of flavin mononucleotide. AB - Regional myocardial ischemia was produced in anesthetized dogs by occluding the left branch of the circumflex coronary artery. After 30 or 60 min of occlusion, mitochondria were isolated from both non-ischemic (control) and ischemic transmural samples of the left ventricle and septum. Mitochondria from 60 min ischemic myocardium exhibited a drop in NAD-linked state 3 respiratory rates to 56 +/- 3% of controls and a parallel loss of NADH-CoQ reductase activity to 54 +/ 4% of controls. Analyses of two non-protein components of electron transfer complex I in mitochondria isolated from 60 min ischemic myocardium revealed a decrease in acid-extractable flavin mononucleotide (FMN) to 58 +/- 5% of controls and a small decrease in ubiquinone to 89 +/- 2% of controls. The observed dissociation and apparent washout of non-covalently-bound FMN from the ischemically damaged mitochondria thus accounted nearly quantitatively for the proportionate decrease seen in NADH-CoQ reductase activity and in state 3 respiration with NAD-linked substrates. PMID- 6231382 TI - Duodenal atresia in utero in association with Down's syndrome and annular pancreas. AB - A 28-weeks' gestational trisomic-21 male, with duodenal atresia due to annular pancreas, is presented. The atresia was diagnosed in utero by sonographic techniques. A review of the pertinent literature and discussion of management are presented. PMID- 6231383 TI - Participation of prostaglandin E in immunosuppression following thermal injury. AB - The participation of prostaglandin E in the regulation of the immune response via suppressor cell activation, and the release of large quantities of these prostaglandins as a result of thermal injuries, are both (separately) well documented. In this report, we present evidence that prostaglandin E plays an important immunologic role following thermal injuries. The concentration of PGE in sera from patients with major burn injuries is generally high (1,000-3,000 pg/ml), and these same sera are often significantly suppressive to in vitro lymphocyte responsiveness. We have documented the ability of PGE (both that which is commercially synthesized, and that isolated in fractions obtained from burned patient sera by column chromatography) to suppress mixed lymphocyte cultures, and show that such suppression can be blocked by either delipidation of serum fractions, or by the addition of monospecific anti-PGE to the cultures. We also report evidence suggesting the existence of a serum protein with a molecular weight of approximately 5,000 daltons which appears to be necessary for the expression of the immunosuppressive properties of PGE contained in patient sera. PMID- 6231384 TI - Childhood burns reconsidered: the child, the family, and the burn injury. AB - The psychosocial characteristics of 100 burned children and their families were assessed along with characteristics of the burn event and injury. The findings were compared to other studies of burned children from Australia, Great Britain, and the United States to identify patterns of childhood burn injury. It is concluded that children most at risk for burns are very young and male. Often they are the younger or youngest child in a larger-than-expected family. They tend to come from single-parent and economically disadvantaged households. Moreover, burned children frequently have psychological handicaps and a history of previous burns. These findings and others were used to identify subgroups of children most at risk for burn injury and the most common precipitating events. The importance of prevention of these injuries for professionals dealing with such children is emphasized. PMID- 6231385 TI - Morbilliform skin eruption owing to diethylstilbestrol. AB - We describe an unusual case of morbilliform skin eruption caused by diethylstilbestrol in a patient with stage D prostatic cancer. A widespread erythematous maculopapular rash and urticaria appeared with repeated challenges of diethylstilbestrol and resolved with drug withdrawal. In addition, the literature on various types of dermatitis medicamentosa in male patients with prostatic cancer treated with diethylstilbestrol is reviewed. PMID- 6231387 TI - Leads from the MMWR. Systemic allergic reactions following immunization with HDCV. PMID- 6231386 TI - Calcification of humeral metastasis of renal adenocarcinoma 8 months after medroxyprogesterone acetate therapy. PMID- 6231388 TI - Human health effects of 2,4,5-T and its toxic contaminants. AB - A clinical epidemiologic study was conducted to determine the long-term health effects of workplace exposure to the process of manufacturing the herbicide (2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy)acetic acid including contaminants such as 2,3,7,8 tetrachlorodibenzo-rho-dioxin. The population consisted of two cohorts: 204 clearly exposed and 163 not exposed. Among the exposed, clinical evidence of chloracne persisted in 55.7%. None of the not exposed experienced chloracne development. An association was found between the persistence of chloracne and the presence and severity of actinic elastosis of the skin. There is an association between exposure and the history of gastrointestinal tract ulcer. Pulmonary function values among those who were exposed and who currently smoked were lower than those who were not exposed and who currently smoked. The data assembled in the study indicate no evidence of increased risk for cardiovascular disease, hepatic disease, renal damage, or central or peripheral nervous system problems. PMID- 6231390 TI - Quantitative evaluation of exercise T1-201 myocardial scintigraphy before and after transluminal coronary angioplasty. A preliminary report. AB - Quantitative evaluation of exercise T1-201 myocardial scintigraphy was carried out to determine the effect of transluminal coronary angioplasty (TCA) in 15 patients with critical coronary artery stenoses (greater than or equal to 70%). Thirteen lesions were successfully dilated (reduction in stenosis by more than 30%); two were unsuccessful. Calculated indices from T1-201 myocardial scintigraphy, using a semi-automatic computer image processing system, included washout factor (WF), vitality index (VI) and redistribution factor (RDF). No changes were noted in WF before and after dilatation. The VI increased in successfully dilated patients from 66.3 +/- 8.5% (mean +/- SD) to 77.8 +/- 10.9% (p less than 0.001) in the areas perfused by the vessels containing the lesions. The RDF decreased significantly after dilatation from 4.4 +/- 6.1% to 1.2 +/- 2.8% (p less than 0.05) 1 hour after exercise and from 10.4 +/- 7.5% to 4.1 +/- 4.2% (p less than 0.01) 3-4 hours after exercise. From these results, we conclude that the perfusion of ischemic areas distal to critical coronary artery stenoses improves following successful dilatation. T1-201 myocardial scintigraphy was shown to be very useful in the evaluation of TCA. PMID- 6231389 TI - Dynamic patch artificial myocardium; effects on the residual myocardial function. AB - Dynamic patch artificial myocardium (D-PATCH) has been developed to replace the damaged left ventricular (LV) wall in severe cardiogenic shock patients with a massive myocardial infarction. This study was undertaken to demonstrate the effects of (1) single D-PATCH support on the global cardiac function (group 1, 12 dogs, whole heart model), (2) single D-PATCH support on the LV function and myocardial metabolism (group 2, 6 dogs, right heart bypass model), and (3) the concomitant support of D-PATCH and aortic counterpulsation (CP) on the regional myocardial function of the residual LV wall (group 3, 6 dogs, right heart bypass model with ultrasonic piezoelectric crystals). In group 1, mean aortic pressure and cardiac output were increased 20-36% (p less than 0.01) and 17-50% (p less than 0.01) respectively, and mean left atrial pressure was decreased 16% (p less than 0.01) by D-PATCH assist. In group 2, under constant preload volume, afterload pressure and heart rate, tension time index (TTI) was decreased 21-26% (p less than 0.01) and myocardial oxygen consumption was also decreased 24-29% (p less than 0.001) by D-PATCH assist. In group 3, although peak LVP was increased by single D-PATCH assist, when heart was assisted concomitantly by D-PATCH and CP peak LVP was significantly decreased (18%, p less than 0.01). Percent LV segmental shortening was not increased by CP assist, but increased 143% (p less than 0.02) by D-PATCH assist. In conclusion, D-PATCH can improve the global LV function and myocardial metabolism of the ischemic failing heart, also improve the regional myocardial function of the residual LV wall. Thus, D-PATCH is effective for the salvage of ischemic myocardium while maintaining the global cardiac function. PMID- 6231392 TI - [Angiography of the kidney and adrenal gland, with special reference to embolization and angioplasty]. PMID- 6231391 TI - Lymphocyte functions of child patients with ALL (acute lymphoblastic leukemia) in remission. AB - Functional activities of various subsets of peripheral blood lymphocytes from patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia in remission were studied. In the detection of cell surface markers and the responsiveness to mitogens, no significant abnormalities were found. However, impaired functional activities of various subsets of lymphocytes such as helper T cells and B cells in an in vitro pokeweed mitogen-stimulated immunoglobulin-producing system, and natural killer cells and cells responsible for antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity in 51Cr release assays were found. The results of the induction of specific killer T cells varied. The impairment of lymphocyte functions seemed to be related to the defective defense mechanism which even in patients in remission leads to serious life-threatening infections. PMID- 6231393 TI - [Angiography of the extremities]. PMID- 6231394 TI - [Fibrous dysplasia in the pterygiod process in postoperative breast cancer]. PMID- 6231395 TI - Down syndrome with 45 chromosomes. PMID- 6231396 TI - [Evaluation of left ventricular hypertrophy using thallium-201 myocardial scintigraphy: comparison between pressure and volume overloading]. PMID- 6231397 TI - [Aerosol lung inhalation scan with 99mTc-millimicrospheres --experimental and clinical evaluation]. PMID- 6231398 TI - [Efficacy of diastolic phase index by gated cardiac blood pool imaging in patients with left ventricular hypertrophy]. PMID- 6231400 TI - [Microcomputer-based scintillation probe system for the assessment of the left ventricular ejection fraction]. PMID- 6231399 TI - [Cause for visualization of the liver in bone scintigraphy--the effect of the combined use of iron chondroitin sulfate (Blutal)]. PMID- 6231401 TI - [Re-evaluation of the regional care of the handicapped within their life environment--an example in Higashi Murayama City]. PMID- 6231403 TI - Deformation of expiratory-oxygen-concentration curve in normal chickens. PMID- 6231402 TI - Prevention of myopotential inhibition of unipolar QRS-inhibited demand pacemakers. AB - Seventy-two unipolar QRS-inhibited demand pacemakers were examined by provoking myopotential interference by exercise. Filter characteristics of 5 kinds of generators were tested by the use of sin wave pulse. Each myosignal of the major pectoral muscle and the abdominal rectus muscle was subjected to Fourier transform for analyses of amplitude and frequencies. Pacemaker inhibition was observed in 42 (58 per cent) of 72 with the highest frequency in the push up test. In this test, the incidence of myopotential inhibition was significantly lower (p less than 0.01) on the pacemaker implantations in the abdominal wall than that in the anterior chest wall. The myosignals of the major pectoral muscle had sufficient frequency and power density for triggering the QRS sensing mechanism but the abdominal muscular signals did not. To avoid myopotential inhibition of unipolar ventricular inhibited demand pacemakers it is most effective to implant multiprogrammable pacemakers subcutaneously in the abdominal wall and to select the optimal sensitivity according to the myopotential inhibition tests. PMID- 6231404 TI - [The heart muscle in arterial hypertension. I. Pathophysiological basis of electrocardiographic signs of myocardial hypertrophy. Changes in the QRS complex]. PMID- 6231405 TI - [The heart muscle in arterial hypertension. II. Pathophysiological basis of electrocardiographic signs of myocardial hypertrophy. Changes in the ST-T complex]. PMID- 6231406 TI - [The heart muscle in arterial hypertension. III. Clinical evaluation of the electrocardiogram]. PMID- 6231407 TI - [A method of controlled dynamic laparoscopy]. PMID- 6231408 TI - [Combined laparoscopy in the diagnosis of diseases of the organs of the hepatopancreatoduodenal zone]. PMID- 6231409 TI - [Combined instrument diagnosis of hepatic echinococcosis]. PMID- 6231410 TI - [Hydroxyproline concentration of muscle fibers and Bulgarian antimicrobial polyamide sheeting after multi-layer inguinal hernioplasty]. PMID- 6231411 TI - Thyroid hormone action on intermediary metabolism. Part III. Protein metabolism in hyper- and hypothyroidism. AB - In their physiological concentrations, thyroid hormones stimulate the synthesis as well as the degradation of proteins, whereas in supraphysiological doses protein catabolism predominates. In hyperthyroidism skeletal muscle protein stores suffer depletion which is reflected by an increased urinary N- and methylhistidine -excretion. Due to the enhanced skeletal muscle amino acid release, the plasma concentration of glucoplastic amino acids are often enhanced, contributing by means of an elevated substrate supply to the increased hepatic gluconeogenesis. Thyroid hormone excess induces cardiac hypertrophy which is in direct contrast to the hypotroph skeletal muscle in hyperthyroid patients. Thyroid hormones stimulate a series of intracellular and secretory proteins in the liver, although in hyperthyroid liver alcohol dehydrogenase and the enzymes of histidine and tryptophan metabolism show reduced activities. The stimulatory effect is due to thyroid hormone-induced increase in the protein synthesis at a pretranslational level and is supported experimentally for malic enzyme, alpha 2u globulin and albumin by the measurement of their specific messenger RNA activities. Thyroid hormone action at the cellular level is reflected by a generalized increase in total cellular RNA with a selective increase or decrease in a small population of specific mRNA. The activities of protein catabolizing lysosomal enzymes are stimulated by thyroid hormones; up to now effects of T3 on the degradation of specific enzymes have not been reported. Serum total protein concentration is slightly reduced or even unchanged in hyperthyroidism. The thyroid hormone-induced increase in the turnover of total body protein is part of the hypermetabolism observed in hyperthyroidism. PMID- 6231412 TI - [Diagnosis of sarcoidosis in a tuberculosis dispensary]. PMID- 6231413 TI - [Incidence and characteristics of the course of chronic gastritis in alpine areas]. PMID- 6231414 TI - Comparison of techniques for growing small bowel neomucosa. AB - Small bowel neomucosa has been grown on a variety of surfaces. The purpose of this study was to compare the rate of growth and function of neomucosa on colon serosa (CS) and abdominal wall muscle (AM) in New Zealand white rabbits. The terminal ileum was incised for 5 cm and patched with either adjacent CS (23 animals) or AM (19 animals) to create a 2 X 5-cm defect. Gross and histologic examinations of the specimens at 1, 2, 4, and 8 weeks revealed that the rate of growth was similar in both groups. There was minimal lateral ingrowth at 2 weeks, nearly complete coverage of the defects at 4 weeks, and complete coverage of the defect at 8 weeks in more than 85% of animals with mature villi and muscularis mucosae. The ileal diameter at the site of patching increased in both groups from 11.9 +/- 2.6 to 16.3 +/- 3.2 mm in the CS group and 11.3 +/- 2.5 to 15.1 +/- 1.8 mm in the AM group (P less than 0.01). Glucose uptake was similar in both groups being 65.4 +/- 24.1% of control in the CS group and 73.9 +/- 29.8% in the AM group. Brush border enzyme activity of sucrase, maltase, and lactase was similar to controls in the AM group but in the CS group activity of sucrase and maltase were significantly less than controls (P less than 0.01). Average body weight was increased postoperatively in both groups. There was one anastomotic leak in each group and two cases of partial intestinal obstruction in the abdominal wall group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6231415 TI - Interaction of medroxyprogesterone acetate with cytosol androgen receptors in the rat hypothalamus and pituitary. AB - The binding of medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) with cytosol androgen receptors from rat pituitary and hypothalamus was studied. The pituitary and hypothalamic cytosol androgen receptors from adult castrated female rats were in vitro labeled using 3H natural (testosterone (T) and 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone (DHT] and [3H]synthetic (methyltrienolone) androgens as radioligands. The [3H]androgen receptor complexes sedimented with a coefficient of 8S in linear sucrose gradients. When incubated with an excess of radioinert MPA, specific binding was abolished indicating interaction of MPA with androgen receptors. Furthermore specific [3H]MPA-androgen cytosol receptor complexes could be identified in these neuroendocrine tissues when a post-gradient receptor labeling technique was used in the absence or presence of radioinert MPA, DHT, and triamcinolone acetonide. A study of binding kinetics disclosed that the equilibrium dissociation constant and saturation binding capacity for the MPA binder, were similar to those exhibited by DHT binding to androgen receptors in both studied tissues under identical experimental conditions. The overall results were interpreted as demonstrating that MPA interacts with cytosol steroid receptors other than those of progesterone in the rat hypothalamus and anterior pituitary. The data are consistent with MPA binding to androgen receptors. PMID- 6231416 TI - Therapeutic significance and the mechanism of action of the LH-RH agonist ICI 118630 in breast and prostate cancer. AB - The influence of the LH-RH agonist ICI 118630 on circulating levels of the pituitary gonadotrophins LH and FSH and the gonadal steroids oestradiol, progesterone, 17-hydroxyprogesterone and testosterone has been studied in phase I clinical trials of the drug in patients with advanced breast or prostate cancer. ICI 118630 initially stimulated plasma levels of LH and FSH. On continued treatment however, the drug reversed this response and produced a rapid decline in plasma testosterone and progesterone in male and female patients respectively. Plasma oestradiol concentrations equivalent to those seen in oophorectomised or postmenopausal women were eventually produced in all 5 female patients treated with ICI 118630. In one patient however persistent follicular activity occurred until her third menstrual cycle. No appreciable side effects of the drug were observed. These data indicate that ICI 118630 initiates a castration-like endocrine response and has potential in the treatment of hormone dependent tumours of the breast and prostate. PMID- 6231417 TI - Testicular secretion of conjugated and unconjugated steroids in normal adults and in patients with varicocele. Baseline levels and time-course response to hCG administration. AB - The effects of a single im injection of 10,000 IU of hCG on testicular steroid secretions were studied in 15 normal men and 54 patients with varicocele. Plasma levels of the following steroids were determined by radioimmunoassay: T, DHT, A, DHA, 5Adiol, E1, E2, 5P, 170H5P, 170HP, E1S, E2S, TE1, TE2, DHAS, 5AdiolS and hCG as well as FSH and LH in baseline samples. In normal men, peripheral venous blood was collected at 0, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 24, 36, 48, 72 and 96 h after hCG. Three types of steroid response were observed. The first, biphasic with an early peak within 2 h and a delayed one after 24 h, was shown by T, its unconjugated precursors and DHT. The second with an early rise plateauing for 6 h and followed by a 36 h peak characterized the estrogen pattern. Finally DHAS did not demonstrate a significant increase but 5AdiolS fluctuated at higher levels than the baseline ones. A significant correlation was only observed between hCG maximum value and E2 and TE1 maximum relative responses. In the patient group, peripheral blood was collected at 0, 1, 1.5, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 24 and 48 h after hCG. Baseline levels of all steroids were similar in the two groups. After hCG the same delayed pattern was observed as in the controls. The early relative response was low for T while A, DHT, E2 and E1S levels decreased. Conversely 170HP was higher until 24 h. Spermatic vein blood was collected before and at 1.5, 24 and 48 h after hCG. Steroid baseline levels in the varicocele side were similar to the other. After hCG, despite very large variations, general steroid patterns were comparable to those observed in peripheral vein blood. The important fall at 24 h of T/170HP and T/170H5P concomitant with that of T/E2 might be related to an inhibition of C17-20 lyase activity. The testicular secretion of all the measured steroids, including E1S, could be demonstrated except for DHAS. From our findings, a biogenetic defect evidenced by the fast response to hCG administration might exist in varicocele patients. In view of these results, the protocol of the hCG test should be improved using more frequent blood sampling and determining, besides T, its precursors and estrogen conjugates. PMID- 6231419 TI - Endocrine characteristics of adolescent menstrual cycles: impact of early menarche. AB - An initial group of 200 girls, 7-17 years old, was investigated longitudinally 4 times at 1.5-, 1.5- and 5-year intervals. The present study gives information of the impact of early menarche, a risk factor for breast cancer, on some physical and endocrine characteristics in these subjects. The frequency of ovulation depended significantly on both the time since menarche and the age at menarche. Early menarche was associated with early onset of ovulatory cycles. Even in early puberty, before menarche, the subjects who displayed early menarche during follow up had higher serum FSH and estradiol concentrations than the girls whose menarche took place after the age of 13.0 years. Adrenal androgen secretion (dehydroepiandrosterone) was not influenced by age at menarche but it increased, as expected, on the basis of chronological age. The group with early menarche was characterized by high circulating estradiol concentrations also after menarche, even in the oldest subjects so far studied, 17-25 years of chronological age. At these ages, the differences in the frequencies of ovulatory cycles were disappearing between the groups formed on the basis of age at menarche. The present findings in pre- and postmenarcheal subjects suggest that the increased risk of breast cancer associated with early menarche is created over several years of exposure to high-level estrogen stimulus. PMID- 6231418 TI - Studies on the role of intestinal bacteria in metabolism of synthetic and natural steroid hormones. AB - Administration of antimicrobial agents to subjects taking oral contraceptives has been reported to lead to contraceptive failure and subsequent pregnancy. In women taking oral contraceptives antimicrobial agents could have an effect on both endogenous hormone levels and on the metabolism of the exogenously administered steroids. To investigate these possibilities, antimicrobial agents were administered for short periods to normal women taking various steroid drugs: Megestrol acetate (MA), medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA), norethisterone (NET), a combination of NET and ethinylestradiol (EE) or a combination of lynestrenol and EE. During ampicillin administration the 24-h morning plasma concentrations of MA, MPA and NET were increased compared to the control values. In the MA and MPA experiments the afternoon values were determined and also found to be increased. In the subjects taking oral contraceptives plasma EE concentration showed a tendency to decrease during ampicillin administration on the third, fourth or fifth morning of ampicillin administration, but was never lower than the pretreatment values. In other experiments plasma estrone (E1) and estradiol (E2), urinary total E1, E2 and estriol (E3) and fecal unconjugated and conjugated E1, E2 or E3 were determined by RIA before, during and after administration of oxytetracycline (2 X 500 mg/day for 5 days) to 5 young male subjects. Furthermore urinary and fecal estrogens were determined in 1 male subject after administration of erythromycin for 6 days and in 2 normally menstruating women after tetracycline and trimethoprim administration, respectively. During treatment with antimicrobial drugs an increase in the excretion of fecal conjugated and, with the exception of the oxytetracycline experiments, also of unconjugated estrogens paralleled a decrease in urinary estrogen excretion, especially for E2 and E3. In both urine and feces the E1/E2 and E1 + E2/E3 ratios increased due to diminished reductive metabolism of estrogens in the gut. No significant effects on plasma unconjugated estrogen concentrations were observed. The results suggest that the intestinal bacterial flora plays a significant role in estrogen metabolism. However, further studies are necessary, because our results do not explain why administration of antibiotics may cause contraceptive failure. PMID- 6231421 TI - Explanation of the pseudohypoaldosteronism (PHA)-stress syndrome with an artificial aldosterone receptor model. AB - A receptor for aldosterone was studied in the cytosol of rectal mucosa of two sisters (M.A., M.B.) with the clinical manifestations of pseudohypoaldosteronism (PHA). Compared to age matched controls the patients showed a decreased affinity for aldosterone (M.A. Kd1: 0.18 nM, Kd2: 4.55 nM; Nmax1: 0.185 fmol/mg cytosol protein (CP), Nmax2: 3.12 fmol/mg CP, respectively). In an attempt to find an explanation for the phenomenon of stress-induced electrolyte imbalance in PHA patients an experimental set up was designed, using aldosterone antibody material as artificial aldosterone receptor. Specific binding was evaluated in addition with and without a 25-100-fold molar excess of dexamethasone (DEX) in order to overcome the glucocorticoid affinity of the aldosterone receptor, a phenomenon proposed to be the cause for the severe consequences of stress in some patients with PHA. The aldosterone antiserum showed two binding sites, similar to the natural receptor (Kd1: 0.15 nM, Kd2: 1.30 nM; Nmax: 30 fmol/mg CP and 130 fmol/mg CP, respectively). Under the influence of DEX the high affinity binding site (Kd1) was occupied by the glucocorticoidanalogon (Kd: 1.30 nM; Nmax: 125 fmol/mg CP). In conclusion, in stress situations, with increased quantities of glucocorticoid circulating, the high affinity binding site of the aldosterone receptor might be occupied by the glucocorticoids, while the low affinity binding site in PHA patients might not have sufficient binding capacity to maintain the electrolyte balance. PMID- 6231420 TI - Nuclear interactions of wild type and variant glucocorticoid receptors. AB - Nuclease digestion of nuclei from glucocorticoid sensitive and resistant lymphoma cell lines was used to study the nuclear compartmentalization of wild type and variant glucocorticoid receptors. In comparison with wild type, the variant line (S49 143r) had an increased capacity to translocate to the nucleus (nti), but was more completely released from nuclei by nuclease digestion. Approximately 20% of the receptor in wild type nuclei was resistant to release by DNase I digestion, while only less than 5% of the receptor from nti nuclei was retained under the same conditions. Studies with wild type nuclei show that the nuclease resistant portion of receptors was also more resistant to release by increased ionic strength. PMID- 6231422 TI - Autoradiographic study of thermo-dependent nucleo-cytoplasmic distribution of aldosterone binding sites in intact target cells. AB - Autoradiographic studies of [3H]aldosterone [( 3H-A] and [3H]dexamethasone binding sites in intact target cells (isolated collecting tubules of rabbit and rat kidney) revealed an almost exclusive nuclear localization of the hormone receptor complexes. In the present work we compared the nucleo-cytoplasmic repartition of [3H]A-receptor complexes studied in parallel by biochemical and autoradiographic methods. In addition, the thermo-dependency of the nuclear translocation was examined. Kidney pyramids were incubated in vitro with [3H]A (2 X 10(-9) M) in the presence or absence of a 100-fold excess unlabelled A, at 30 degrees C for 1 h or 4 degrees C for 2 h. Then tissue was processed for isolation of nuclear and cytoplasmic fractions, on the one hand, or for obtention of microdissected tubular segments on which autoradiographs on dry films were performed. Autoradiographs showed that the specific labelling was almost exclusively nuclear without significant cytoplasmic labelling, at both 30 or 4 degrees C. This indicates that almost all binding sites migrated rapidly into nuclei, and that this translocation did not depend on temperature. In contrast, parallel biochemical experiments yielded classical results, that is, at 30 degrees C, the presence of specific binding sites in both cytoplasm and nuclei with a predominance in cytoplasm. At 4 degrees C, the cytoplasmic binding was unchanged, but nuclear binding was drastically reduced, indicating thermodependency of nuclear translocation, when studied by biochemical methods including cell disruption. Autoradiographic results thus questioned the classical notion of thermo-dependent nuclear translocation of aldosterone-receptor complexes, based on results obtained by biochemical methods. PMID- 6231423 TI - Interaction of calf uterine estrogen receptors with chicken target cell nuclei. AB - The calf uterine estrogen receptor (ER) was used to study the capacity and the characteristics of the acceptor sites in chicken target cell nuclei. The temperature-activated ER is bound at 0 degrees C with a high affinity to all chicken cell nuclei tested (Kd = 0.4-1.0 nM). The nuclear binding displayed tissue specificity: oviduct greater than liver, heart greater than spleen greater than erythrocytes and was salt-dependent. ER binding to liver nuclei measured in 0.15 M KCl varied between 3000 and 6000 acceptor sites per nucleus. Liver nuclei isolated from estrogen-treated cockerels showed a 2-fold lower binding capacity than nuclei from non-treated chickens. When nuclei were incubated with [3H]ER from embryo liver and increasing concentrations of uterine non-radioactive-ER a progressive inhibition of the binding of the liver ER was found. These experiments suggest that liver and uterine ER compete for a common acceptor site. Liver nuclei charged in vitro with calf uterine ER were digested at 0 degree C with DNAase I and micrococcal nuclease. Both enzymes excised the ER in the form of a chromatin-ER complex. A considerable portion was associated with nucleosomal subunits and a minor fraction was associated with a nuclease-sensitive, protein poor fraction of the chromatin. PMID- 6231424 TI - Adrenal androgen concentrations in breast tumours and in normal breast tissue. The relationship to oestradiol metabolism. AB - Concentrations of ADIOL, DHA and DHAS were measured in human breast tumours and normal tissue from the same breast and related to 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17 beta HSD) activity in these tissues. ADIOL and DHA were significantly higher in tumour tissue compared to normal tissue from the same breast (paired t-test: P less than 0.05 and P less than 0.01 respectively) whereas the difference between concentrations of DHAS in normal tissue and tumour tissue was not significant. There was a positive correlation between ADIOL and DHA in both tissues (P less than 0.001) but for DHAS the relationship was only significant in normal tissue (ADIOL:DHAS, P less than 0.001; DHA:DHAS, P less than 0.002). An increase in 17 beta-HSD activity was associated with an increase in DHAS concentrations in both normal and tumour tissue (P less than 0.01 and P less than 0.001 respectively) and with an increase in DHA concentrations in normal tissue (P less than 0.05). These results might be explained by an impairment in the balance between sulphatase and sulphotransferase activity in breast tumours. PMID- 6231425 TI - Androgen control of the secretion in the sebaceous-like preen gland. AB - Uropygial gland of quails was previously proved to have androgen receptors. The waxes secreted by this gland were shown to consist mainly of linear saturated fatty acids esterified by linear saturated diols. In adult male quails, the relative concentration of the C12 diol was found to be correlated to the androgen levels of the birds. Furthermore, in castrated quails implanted with testosterone propionate capsules, 6 days were required for the C12 diol to reach the level found in sexually active birds. These testosterone effects related to the C12 diol were nullified by cyproterone acetate administration. Consequently the C12 diol is a reliable specific marker for androgenicity in the quails' preen gland, a new and accurate model for the study of androgen action in sebaceous glands. PMID- 6231426 TI - The effects of Depo-Provera on serum protein levels in Nigerian women. AB - The concentration of 13 serum proteins were determined in 50 women who had received the 3-monthly intramuscular injection of Depo-Provera for contraception over a mean period of 18 months and 40 women of comparable ages who served as controls. Sera from fasting subjects were used to determine the levels of each specific protein by quantitative immunodiffusion technique. Treatment with Depo Provera produced increased serum levels of albumin, alpha 1-acid glycoprotein, alpha 2-macroglobulin, haptoglobin IgG; reduced levels of alpha 1-antitrypsin, transferrin, C3c, C4 but no change in serum IgA, IgM, C-reactive protein and ceruloplasmin. The significant alterations were observed in serum proteins that are notably synthesized by the liver, an observation consistent with the influences which gonadal hormones exert on the metabolic activities of this organ. PMID- 6231427 TI - Autoradiographic study of nuclear localization of aldosterone binding sites in intact renal cells: lack of temperature dependency. AB - We examined by autoradiography on intact target cells the nucleocytoplasmic distribution of aldosterone-receptor complexes and the thermodependency of the nuclear translocation process. Autoradiographs (dry films) were performed on cortical collecting tubules isolated by microdissection, after incubation of rabbit kidney pyramids with [3H]aldosterone (2 X 10(-9)M) in the presence or absence of an excess unlabelled aldosterone (X100). Paired experiments were done at 30 degrees C (1 h) or 4 degrees C (2 h). In both cases, the specific labelling was exclusively nuclear. Values were higher at 30 degrees C (14.5 +/- 1.5 specific silver grains per 100 micron2) than at 4 degrees C (5.4 +/- 0.6), with no concommitant cytoplasmic labelling (4 degrees C:0.7 +/- 0.3; 30 degrees C: 0.04 +/- 0.6). At 30 degrees C, addition of unlabelled spirolactone (X200) prevented the observed autoradiographic nuclear accumulation of aldosterone receptor complexes, suggesting that cytoplasmic binding preceded the nuclear entry. The results suggest that, in intact cells, almost all aldosterone receptor complexes accumulate in nuclei, and that this process does not depend on temperature. In parallel biochemical-binding series we found the classical distribution of aldosterone receptor complexes both in cytoplasm and nuclei, and the classical thermodependency of nuclear translocation. The present autoradiographic results, together with similar observations reported for sex steroids (Martin P.M. and Sheridan P. J., J. steroid Biochem. 16 (1982) 215-229), question the classical model of thermodependent nuclear translocation, based on biochemical experiments. PMID- 6231428 TI - Androgen metabolism in hirsute patients treated with cyproterone acetate. AB - Cyproterone acetate (CPA) in association with percutaneously administered estradiol has been used for the treatment of 150 hirsute patients for periods ranging from 6 months to 3 years. A spectacular clinical improvement ensued. Plasma testosterone (T) and androstenedione (A) fell from 69.0 +/- 24 to 33.0 +/- 8 and 210 +/- 103 to 119 +/- 25 ng/dl (mean +/- SD) respectively after 3 months of treatment and remained low thereafter. In contrast, T glucuronide (TG) and 3 alpha-androstanediol (Adiol) remained high during the whole course of treatment: 37 +/- 9 and 115 +/- 43 micrograms/24 h respectively. In vitro T 5 alpha reductase activity (5 alpha-R) in pubic skin decreased from 147 +/- 34 to 79 +/- 17 fmol/mg skin after 1 year of treatment. To elucidate the discrepancy between plasma and urinary androgens levels, T production rate (PR) and metabolic clearance rate (MCR) were measured with the constant infusion technique in 7 patients before and after 6 months of treatment. PR decreased from 988 +/- 205 to 380 +/- 140 micrograms/24 h (mean +/- SD). In contrast MCRT increased from 1275 +/- 200 to 1632 +/- 360 1/24 h; this increase in MCRT explains the striking plasma T concentration fall and the high TG and Adiol excretion relative to the decrease in PR. Antipyrine clearance rate (n = 8) increased from 36.3 +/- 5.2 to 51.5 +/- 7.4 ml/min whereas 6 beta hydroxycortisol remained unchanged. In conclusion, CPA acts through several mechanisms: (1) it lowers the androgen input to the target cells by (a) depressing T production through its antigonadotropic effect and (b) accelerating T metabolic inactivation due to a partial enzymatic inducer effect on the liver; (2) at the target cell level it competes with any remaining T for the receptor binding sites; (3) the decrease in the androgen dependent skin 5 alpha-R is a consequence of both actions of androgen suppression and androgen receptor blockade; it reinforces the antiandrogenic effect of CPA. PMID- 6231429 TI - 11 beta-Hydroxy-11-ketosteroids equilibrium, a source of misinterpretation in steroid synthesis: evidence through the effects of trilostane on 11 beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in sheep and human adrenals in vitro. AB - Trilostane is known as an inhibitor of 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase. Conflicting data published on this drug led us to look for the effects of 0.02 to 0.5 mM of trilostane on the in vitro steroid synthesis in sheep adrenals and human adrenals (Cushing's or Conn's syndrome) in the presence of an NADPH generating system. The synthesis of 4-androstenedione, 11 beta hydroxyandrostenedione and 11-ketoandrostenedione were studied either from dehydroepiandrosterone or 4-androstenedione or 11 beta-hydroxyandrostenedione. The synthesis of 11-deoxycortisol, cortisol, cortisone, 4-androstenedione, 11 beta-hydroxyandrostenedione and 11-ketoandrostenedione were studied either from 17-hydroxyprogesterone or 11-deoxycortisol or cortisol. This study showed that trilostane inhibited 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase whereas it had no effect on 21-, 11- and 17-hydroxylase. Trilostane was responsible for an increased 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity in vitro, resulting in low yields of cortisol and 11 beta-hydroxyandrostenedione, and high yields of cortisone and 11 ketoandrostenedione. This unexpected effect of trilostane allowed us to show that erroneous conclusions (in this case: pseudo inhibition of 11 beta-hydroxylase) can be drawn if all the metabolic pathways from a determined precursor are not exhaustively documented when studying the effects of drugs on steroid synthesis in vitro. The decrease of cortisol synthesis by trilostane may thus be related to the effects of the drug on both 3 beta-hydroxysteroid-dehydrogenase (inhibitory effect) and 11 beta-hydroxysteroid-dehydrogenase (stimulatory effect). This latter effect was found to be species-dependent. PMID- 6231430 TI - Helix pomatia induced conversion of some 3 beta-hydroxysteroids. AB - After incubating a dehydroepiandrosterone solution with an enzymatic preparation from Helix pomatia, the steroid recovery was markedly decreased. The transforming activity resulted specific for some 3 beta-hydroxysteroids and it appeared to lower after storing the preparation at 4 degrees C for some days. The presence of 4-androsten-3,17-dione within the incubation products suggests that the enzymatic preparation contains at least 3 beta-hydroxysteroid: NAD oxydoreductase and 3 oxosteroid-5-4-ene isomerase. The use of large amounts of freshly dissolved Helix pomatia juice solution may lead to unreliable results in steroid analyses. PMID- 6231431 TI - A kinetic model for virus binding which involves release of cell-bound virus receptor complexes. AB - A general kinetic mechanism is presented for reversible binding of viruses to cells followed by an irreversible step that initiates the delivery of the viral genome. A novel feature is additional pathways for the release of both virus occupied and unoccupied receptors from cells. Due to one simplifying assumption, it does not apply at low receptor densities. However, it is sufficiently general to be applicable to ligand binding and internalization for those systems in which ligand diffusion is rate limiting. Three different versions of the model fit the usual kinetic data for the binding of an eclipse mutant of bacteriophage phi X174 to Escherichia coli. However, in each case binding to cell-bound receptors is irreversible. Therefore, this explains the apparent failure of this system to obey the Law of Mass Action. One version of the model also predicts that the release rate of lipopolysaccharide receptors from the outer membrane may be significantly lowered when virus is bound to these receptors. PMID- 6231432 TI - The dependence of chamber dynamics on chamber dimensions. AB - One can learn something about the determinants of ventricular dimensions and dynamics from a simple spherical model. We have derived equations showing how isometric pressure, compliance, isometric P-V curves and viscous resistance to wall displacement depend on dimensions of a spherical chamber whose fibers adjust for a "normal" stretch at a particular point in the pump cycle. The derivations show: (a) that isometric pressure at this point is proportional to the logarithm of total chamber volume (cavity plus wall) relative to cavity volume; (b) that compliance at this point is proportional to cavity volume and to total chamber volume relative to wall volume; (c) that the rate of wall displacement relative to the disparity between isometric pressure and actual pressure depends on dimensions like compliance depends on dimensions; and (d) since reciprocal compliance does not increase with wall/cavity ratios as much as isometric pressure at the normal-stretch volume, the P-V curves spread out on either side of the normal-stretch volume as the chamber undergoes adaptive thickening, resulting in disproportionate increases of isometric pressure at low cavity volumes. This tends to increase ejection fraction and reduce cavity volumes relative to stroke volume, and it is partly responsible for the "concentric" character of hypertrophy in response to high systolic pressure. PMID- 6231433 TI - The effect of prostacyclin infusion on platelet hemostatic function in patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass. AB - Prostacyclin (PGI2) infusion was studied in patients during cardiopulmonary bypass for coronary artery bypass grafting to assess its capacity to protect platelet hemostatic function. Twelve patients received PGI2 at doses ranging from 20 to 70 ng/kg/min by continuous infusion directly into the bubble oxygenator. Nine control patients were also studied. Platelet counts were not different in the two groups; the platelet count at the completion of the operation was decreased by a mean of 29% in treated patients and 40% in control patients (p greater than 0.15). Bleeding times were uniformly greater than 30 minutes following 30 minutes on bypass in both groups (p greater than 0.5). Also there was no difference in the bleeding times between the treated and untreated groups in the immediate postbypass period (p greater than 0.05). In addition, no difference in transfusion requirements was observed between the treated and control groups. However, plasma levels of platelet factor 4 were lower in the treated patients (p less than 0.05), and, more significantly, blood pressure was lower at all time points in the treated patients (p less than 0.001) despite the greater use of vasopressors. We conclude that PGI2 infusion in this study was of no hemostatic benefit but produced significant hypotension, a potential source of morbidity. PMID- 6231435 TI - Transatrial closure of perimembranous ventricular septal defect in infancy. PMID- 6231434 TI - Immediate coronary bypass following failed streptokinase infusion in evolving myocardial infarction. AB - Since December of 1980, 184 patients with evolving myocardial infarction (EMI) have undergone streptokinase infusion, with associated percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) in 68 patients. Emergency coronary bypass was deemed necessary in 24 of these patients. All 24 patients had severe triple-vessel disease and moderate to marked ventricular dysfunction, with eight (33%) requiring intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) support for profound cardiac decompensation preoperatively. All 24 patients underwent immediate coronary bypass (average 4.1 grafts/patient), with four operative and two late deaths. Average postoperative blood loss was 1,453 ml, and average blood transfusion postoperatively was 8.2 units per patient. Thirteen patients had normal clotting studies immediately postoperatively, and only two patients developed frank coagulopathy (hyperfibrinolysis). Four patients required reexploration; two for coagulopathy, one for surgical bleeding, and one to rule out tamponade (negative). In those patients with EMI in whom streptokinase fails to result in adequate reperfusion, immediate emergency saphenous vein bypass grafting may be performed with reasonable morbidity and with acceptable hematologic consequences. PMID- 6231436 TI - Dopamine and 5-HT uptake by synaptosomes after pretreatment with p chlorophenylalanine. AB - 5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and dopamine uptake were studied in rat hypothalamic and striatal synaptosomes, respectively, after a single-dose or repeated doses of p-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA), and after withdrawal of the drug. 5-HT uptake did not change 24 h after a single large dose of PCPA (300 mg/kg). Uptake of neither amine changed 12 h or 7 days after treatment with 300 mg/kg PCPA every third day, for 2 weeks. In all cases, the kinetic parameters remained identical. These results indicate that depletion of 5-HT levels by PCPA and the resulting decrease in serotoninergic activity do not induce changes in 5-HT or dopamine uptake. Hence, reported changes in transmitter uptake due to clinical or experimental manipulations must not be directly related to synaptic activity. PMID- 6231437 TI - [Effect of mutagenic factors and transducing phages on the changes in serological properties and sensitivity to bacteriophages in Staphylococcus aureus]. PMID- 6231438 TI - In vitro activity of norfloxacin in synthetic media and human urine compared to that of cinnoxacin, nalidixic acid and pipemidic acid. AB - Activity of norfloxacin was compared to that of cinnoxacin, nalidixic acid and pipemidi acid in DST-agar and human urine solidified by adding 1.2% agar. Norfloxacin was the most active compound when tested on DST-agar but the MIC values increased from 64 to 128 fold when tested in urine. Other compounds also showed an increase in MIC in urine-agar, but the increase was less marked. MICs for norfloxacin in DST-agar and Muller-Hinton-Agar were similar. Higher concentrations were required in Muller-Hinton-Broth than in Muller-Hinton-Agar. PMID- 6231440 TI - Autoimmunity and inner ear disorders: an immune-complex mediated sensorineural hearing loss. AB - An immune-complex mediated form of autoimmune disease is described with the inner ear as one of its target organs. Around 40 dB bilateral sensorineural hearing loss improved on short-term corticosteroid therapy to normal levels. This case report is presented against the background of a general survey on autoimmunity and inner ear diseases. Cellular and humoral immune reactions may be etiologic moments in an audiovestibular dysfunction of autoimmune character. PMID- 6231439 TI - [Animal experiment studies of embolia cutis medicamentosa]. AB - Embolia cutis medicamentosa (ECM) is a rare complication after intramuscular injection of certain drugs, resulting in local necrosis of skin and muscle at the injection site. The pathogenesis is still not clear. Drugs and their effective substances, from which an ECM recently was described (depot penicilline, antirheumatic drug combinations), were injected intraarterially, periarterially, and intramuscularly into the hind legs of rats. The legs were examined macroscopically and histologically. Complete skin and muscle necrosis of the hind leg was only found after intraarterial injection of the incriminated drugs. The most important single effective substance was phenylbutazone. From the experiments it is concluded that the intraarterial injection mode is the most likely pathomechanism of lokal skin and muscle necrosis in the ECM arising from the incriminated drugs. PMID- 6231441 TI - HLA-D identity in a family with multiple cases of multibacillary leprosy. PMID- 6231443 TI - [Organization of the work of an allergology office]. PMID- 6231444 TI - [Work of a hospital in the tutorial system]. PMID- 6231445 TI - [Experience in organizing a camp for health promotion and sports]. PMID- 6231442 TI - Restriction of maternal food intake inhibits fatty acid activation in developing rat hearts. AB - We studied the effect of restricting the diet of pregnant and lactating rats on the beta-oxidation of fatty acids by the developing heart in suckling pups. Control pregnant rats were fed a stock diet ad libitum. For the experimental group, food was restricted to half of the control intake on the seventh day of pregnancy and continued through lactation. The pups on the restricted diet were significantly smaller than the controls. At postnatal days 5, 14 and 21, the beta oxidation of [1-14C] palmitate by heart homogenates was determined in the presence of ATP, carnitine and CoA. At day 21, the production of 14CO2 was 60% lower in the group on the restricted diet. Consequently, the possibility of inhibiting activation or intramitochondrial transport of fatty acids by heart mitochondria was studied in vitro using [1-14C] palmitate, [1-14C] palmitoyl CoA and [1-14C] palmitoyl carnitine. With [1-14C] palmitate, the rate of 14CO2 produced was 2464 +/- 317 cpm/mg protein/min for the control and 1682 +/- 91 for the restricted diet group. With [1-14C] palmitoyl CoA and [1-14C] palmitoyl carnitine, the oxidation rate of the experimental group was similar to control values, showing clearly that the inhibition of oxidation was from a problem with activation. A significant decrease in palmitoyl CoA synthetase activity in the heart homogenates and mitochondria of the diet-restricted pups took place. PMID- 6231446 TI - [Pericardial diseases. Evaluation of current methods of non-invasive tests]. PMID- 6231447 TI - [Dermatoses characteristic in particular occupations. I. Various branches of industry]. AB - Dermatoses characteristic for several branches of industry: metal, electrotechnical, photochemical and pharmaceutical and for laminators and galvanizers are discussed. The periods are given after which skin changes appear, their primary localisation and the allergens specific for the particular occupations. In photo-chemical industry workers, beside dermatitis. lichen planus was also noted. PMID- 6231448 TI - Respite services in California: status and recommendations for improvement. PMID- 6231449 TI - The relationship of sensorimotor functioning to children's response to early language training. PMID- 6231450 TI - Inhibition of bone resorption by difluoromethylene diphosphonate in organ culture. AB - A newly synthesized diphosphonate, difluoromethylene diphosphonate (F2MDP), was studied for its effects on bone resorption, as measured by the release of previously incorporated 45Ca. F2MDP (10 microM to 1000 microM) effectively inhibited both unstimulated and parathyroid hormone-stimulated resorption, and the amount of 45Ca release decreased with time. Dichloromethylene diphosphonate (Cl2MDP) and ethane-1-hydroxyl-1, 1-diphosphonate (EHDP) inhibited resorption to similar extents with two exceptions: At concentrations of 10 microM and 100 microM, F2MDP was more effective than EHDP and less effective than Cl2MDP. No greater inhibition was observed when bones had been stimulated with PTH prior to the addition of F2MDP. In addition, bones treated with F2MDP only during the first half of the incubation period exhibited reductions in the amount of 45Ca released during the second half similar to that observed when F2MDP was continuously in the medium, indicating a prolonged effect. Morphologic alterations of osteoclasts suggestive of cell degeneration were observed in F2MDP treated bones, which were similar to those observed in bones treated with Cl2MDP and EHDP. Due to the presence of fluorine, F2MDP may be useful as an experimental tool to investigate the mode of action of all diphosphonates, in addition to its possible use as a therapeutic agent for diseases of increased bone resorption. PMID- 6231451 TI - Progressive vertebral collapse in diffuse angiomatosis. AB - A case of vanishing bone disease is presented, with radiologic, endoscopic, and peritoneoscopic evidence of angiomatous involvement of the bones, surrounding soft tissues, and gastrointestinal tract. The diagnosis was made by a combination of radiologic techniques and endoscopy. Areas of absent bone were shown to opacify after intralymphatic injections of contrast material, providing in vivo demonstrations that these areas of vanishing bone are occupied by abnormal lymphatics. The etiology remains obscure, but our review of the literature suggests that this condition may be one of a large spectrum of disorders due to a basic underlying endothelial dysplasia. The lymphatic system, vascular system, or both may be involved, and the condition may manifest itself as an abnormality of the bones, soft tissues, viscera, or a combination of these. PMID- 6231452 TI - Chronic lymphocytic leukemia and hypercalcemia: treatment with dichloromethylene diphosphonate. PMID- 6231453 TI - Biochemical characterization of matrix vesicles from bone and cartilage. AB - Extracellular matrix vesicles from bone and epiphyseal cartilage of femur and tibia of rats were isolated by collagenase digestion (crude vesicles) and further purified by sucrose gradient centrifugation. Fractions containing cells and membranes were also isolated from the two tissues. The alkaline and acid phosphatase and ATPase activities, as well as protein content of all fractions including crude and purified matrix vesicles, were assayed. The crude vesicles from both tissues demonstrated a high alkaline phosphatase specific activity (5 20 times higher than in the cell fraction). The total enzyme activities and protein content were significantly higher in all fractions from cartilage than those from bone. A major peak of alkaline phosphatase activity and protein content was obtained following the sucrose gradient centrifugation. The position of this peak was similar for both tissues. The specific activity of alkaline phosphatase of purified matrix vesicles was significantly higher in bone than in cartilage. The phosphatase activities from cartilage and bone showed a similar pH dependence and a similar response to metal ions. Of the metal ions tested (Na+, Mg2+, Zn2+, and Ca2+) only Zn2+ (at 5 mM concentration) inhibited significantly the alkaline phosphatase activity of purified matrix vesicles. The electrophoretic profile of purified matrix vesicles showed eight major protein bands common for both tissues. In addition, cartilage vesicles appeared to possess two peptides not found in bone. PMID- 6231454 TI - Regulation and SOS induction of division inhibition in Escherichia coli K12. AB - When Escherichia coli is subjected to treatments that damage DNA or perturb DNA replication considerable cell filamentation occurs. It has been postulated that this phenomenon is associated with the presence of a division inhibitor induced coordinately with the SOS functions. The role of this induction would be to delay septation during DNA repair to prevent the formation of DNAless cells. In this communication, we present evidence for such a division inhibitor based on the properties of a division mutant which is hyperactive in the septation delay. Cells of this mutant filament extensively after a nutritional shift-up, have drastically reduced colony-forming abilities on a rich medium but not on a minimal medium following treatment with ultraviolet radiation and, are deficient in the lysogenization of phage lambda; phenotypes which are characteristic of but expressed to a much lower extent in another type of division mutant called Ion. Cells harboring the division mutation plus either one of the lexA mutant alleles, spr-51 or tsl-1, are filamentous suggesting that they are permanently derepressed for division inhibition. These results are in agreement with models that assign the regulation of cell division to a division inhibitor which is regulated by the lexA repressor protein. PMID- 6231455 TI - Effects of sub-lethal concentrations of the antimicrobial agent propylene phenoxetol on the growth and extracellular enzymes of Propionibacterium acnes. AB - Propionibacterium acnes was grown in continuous culture in the presence of propylene phenoxetol. At sub-lethal concentrations of this antimicrobial agent (0.025-0.1% w/v) steady-state growth conditions were achieved. In comparison with the control, cell biomass, maximum specific growth rates and levels of the extracellular lipase and hyaluronate-lyase, decreased with increasing concentrations of propylene phenoxetol. Levels of protease activity remained approximately constant whilst production of acid phosphatase was significantly increased with increasing propylene phenoxetol concentrations. At the highest concentration of the antimicrobial agent (0.2% w/v) growth was completely inhibited. PMID- 6231456 TI - Morphometric analysis of skeletal muscle capillaries in early spontaneous hypertension. AB - Capillary narrowing, elongation, and rarification have been described in various tissues in human and animal hypertension. The present study was undertaken to assess whether they are features of the skeletal muscle vascular bed during the developmental phase of the disease in spontaneously hypertensive rats. In neonatal (19 days old) and young adult (9-10 weeks old) rats of the hypertensive (SHR) and normotensive (WKY) strains, capillary diameter, length, and density were measured in spinotrapezius muscle by histological and intravital microscopic techniques. In neonates, capillary diameters (WKY = 3.98 +/- 0.13; SHR = 4.26 +/- 0.14 micron), lengths (WKY = 327 +/- 9; SHR = 334 +/- 6 microns), and densities (WKY = 1768 +/- 106; SHR = 1779 +/- 124 capillaries/mm2) were not significantly different in WKY and SHR. In young adults, capillary diameters (WKY = 4.28 +/- 0.09; SHR = 4.61 +/- 0.09 micron), lengths (WKY = 430 +/- 13; SHR = 443 +/- 12 microns), and densities (WKY = 1263 +/- 76; SHR = 1414 +/- 37 capillaries/mm2) were also not significantly changed in hypertension. Contrary to the findings of narrowing and decreased numbers of capillaries in human hypertensives, diameters and densities were slightly increased. The data suggest that those morphological changes at the capillary level do not occur in the developmental (period of rising arterial pressure) phase of spontaneous hypertension. PMID- 6231458 TI - Impairment, disability and handicap. PMID- 6231457 TI - The prevalence, nature and severity of disabilities in a Malaysian community. PMID- 6231459 TI - [Genetic indices of the inhabitants of the Azerbaijan SSR who have had and have not had malaria]. PMID- 6231460 TI - [Serological study of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis]. PMID- 6231461 TI - [Seasonal course of the count of mass species of sandflies in visceral leishmaniasis foci in Dzhalal-Abad District, Azerbaijan SSR]. PMID- 6231462 TI - [Data on the epidemiology of opisthorchiasis in the central Irtysh River valley. I. The results of a parasitologic examination]. PMID- 6231464 TI - [DDT and malathion sensitivity of 3 Anopheles species in Tadzhikistan]. PMID- 6231463 TI - [Data on the epidemiology of opisthrochiasis in the central Irtysh River valley. II. The results of a serologic examination of the population]. PMID- 6231465 TI - [Hepatitis risk in subjects with Down's syndrome and their relatives]. PMID- 6231466 TI - [Importance of bone scintigraphy in skeletal diseases]. PMID- 6231467 TI - Agonist high- and low-affinity states of the D2-dopamine receptor in calf brain. Partial conversion by guanine nucleotide. AB - In order to determine whether D2-dopaminergic receptors in brain exist in different affinity states for agonists and whether these receptors could be completely converted from their agonist high-affinity state to their agonist low affinity state, we examined the effect of a guanine nucleotide on the competition between [3H]spiperone and dopamine agonists for binding to homogenates of calf caudate nucleus. [3H]spiperone labeled sites having different affinities for agonists as well as antagonists. Agonists recognized three components of [3H]spiperone binding. Two of these components were related to the D2 dopaminergic receptor. These two sites appeared to represent interconvertible states, each having different affinities for agonists. This was supported by the observation of an apparent guanine nucleotide-induced "conversion" of sites with high affinity to those having low affinity for the agonist. This effect of the guanine nucleotide was incomplete, such that a significant proportion of the high affinity sites (21%) remained in the presence of an excess of the nucleotide. These high-affinity, guanine nucleotide-insensitive sites may represent a distinct class of binding sites having high affinity for both agonists and antagonists or may be the result at equilibrium of an agonist-independent interaction of the receptor and the guanine nucleotide. PMID- 6231468 TI - Aporphine enantiomers. Interactions with D-1 and D-2 dopamine receptors. AB - The R(-) and the S(+) enantiomers of apomorphine (APO) and N-n-propyl norapomorphine (NPA) interact with both the D-1 and the D-2 dopamine receptors. R(-)-APO, as well as R(-)- and S(+)-NPA, stimulates the D-1 dopamine receptor in carp retina; S(+)-APO blocks this dopamine receptor. Similarly, R(-)-APO, as well as R(-)- and S(+)-NPA, stimulates the D-2 dopamine receptor in the intermediate lobe of the rat pituitary gland; S(+)-APO blocks the intermediate lobe D-2 receptor. The interactions between these aporphine enantiomers and the D-1 and the D-2 dopamine receptors exemplify several manifestations of the previously described "n-propyl phenomenon." Because S(+)-APO is distinguished from the other tested aporphines by its ability to antagonize either the D-1 or the D-2 dopamine receptors, it is hypothesized that the presence of an N-methylated tertiary amine in a molecule of appropriate configuration can confer dopamine receptor antagonist activity to the molecule. PMID- 6231471 TI - Some aspects concerning the peculiarities of the pterygoid venous plexus in man related to age. AB - The pterygoid venous plexus (pt.v.pl.) was studied in 54 human heads (adults, children, fetuses) halved in the middle sagital plan, using microdissections and injections with PVC, coloured gelatin and roentgenopaque masses. In adults, the pt.v.pl. was closely related to the external pterygoid muscle. The superficial variant (more frequent) maintained connections with the facial vein through a venous network named by us "plexus pterygo-temporo-buccalis". The deep variant (less frequent) could be included in the system of venous plexuses placed at the basis cranii. Its tributaries, accompanying the lingual nerve, established connections with the veins of the sublingual compartment (a fact not yet mentioned in the literature). In children and old humans the pt.v.pl. was formed only by some large veins giving a radiate structure ("starfish-shaped" plexus) corresponding to the first and second portion of the maxillary artery. These results revealed that the pt.v.pl. is a unique formation which could be more developed laterally or medially in comparison with the external pterygoid muscle, in relation with the superficial or deep position of the maxillary artery. The practical importance of the pt.v.pl. is emphasized. PMID- 6231470 TI - Effects of Mg2+ and adenine nucleotides on thymidylate synthetase from different mouse tumors. AB - Magnesium ions variably influenced activity of highly purified thymidylate synthetase preparations from different mouse tumors, activating the enzyme from Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) cells and inhibiting the enzyme from L1210 and L5178Y cells and from 5-fluorodeoxyuridine (FdUrd)-resistant EAC cells. In the presence of Mg2+ in a concentration resulting in either maximum activation or inhibition (25-30 mM) the enzymes from both the sensitive and FdUrd-resistant EAC lines and L5178Y cells were activated by ATP. Under the same conditions of Mg2+ concentration ADP and AMP inhibited the enzyme from the parental but not from the FdUrd-resistant EAC cells. PMID- 6231472 TI - Some aspects of the system of Haversian canals in the diaphysary compact bone in man. AB - The general aspect of the network of Haversian canals was studied on tangential and radial sections from the diaphysary compact bone of the human long bones. The network-like aspect was much varied even in the same bone and at the same level from which the samples were obtained. No obvious differences were found between the studied bones or between the two limbs. Certain peculiarities of the canal system were noticed as regards the trajectory of canals, disposition and number of anastomoses, and the network aspect, depending on the region of the diaphysis, but especially on the depth. PMID- 6231474 TI - Structural and ultrastructural changes of lymph nodes in primary lymphoedema. AB - Optical and electronmicroscopic investigations of the inguino-iliac lymph nodes and lymphatic vessels of the lower limb suggested a pathogenic role of lymph node structural alterations in primary lymphoedema. Most of the investigated lymph nodes showed an extensive fibrosis frequently associated with lipomatosis ectasy of medullary sinuses, a.o., estimated as primary lesions appearing on a genetically propensic ground or by developmental anomalies. Alteration of the lymphatic vessel intima, proliferation, muscle hypertrophy, subintimal fibrohyalinosis, a.o., occurred in consequence of the impeded lymphatic drainage by the primary lymph node fibrosis. PMID- 6231473 TI - Dysfunctional endometrium in primary and secondary sterility. An optic and electronmicroscopic study. AB - Endometria from women with primary and secondary sterility were morphologically, optically and ultrastructurally studied; such endometria were selected by clinical and paraclinical methods. In dysfunctional endometria the most important modification consists in the perturbation of the cyclical maturation process of the epitheliostromal components, perturbation which may take place "synergically" or it may be "dissociated", in disagreement with the theoretic day of the menstrual cycle. Such perturbations took place in varied circumstances: "out of phase", luteal deficit associated with hyper- or hypoestrogenemia, or pure luteal deficit, receptivity disorders, association with specific or unspecific inflammatory lesions, anovulatory cycle. Endometrium biopsy constitutes the best method for the diagnosis of endometrial dysfunctions, showing both the ovary's global hormonal function, and the qualities of the endometrial receptor, with the corrective of the corresponding technical processes and the compulsory knowledge of some clinical data. PMID- 6231475 TI - Researches on the formation of axial organs in the chick embryo. XI. Experimental investigations into the role of Hensen's node in somitogenesis. AB - In order to obtain new data with respect to the role of the node area in somitogenesis and to its "individuality" and real regression, three experimental models were applied to 1-7 somite chick embryo 1) UV irradiation of the node area (in vitro); 2) subnodal transsection (in vitro and in ovo); 3) combination of the two interventions. The main results obtained were as follows: The UV irradiation of the node area in chick embryos of early somite stage (1-7 somites) prevents, by necrotizing the cell population of the irradiated zone, the further regression of the node. This result attests the existence of a real, distinct, node cell population and the real character of regression movement. The subnodal transsection of similar embryos of about 0.1-0.2 mm caudal of the node leads (as observed also by several other authors) to the development of a "tail", projecting into the hole formed after the intervention. The "tail" contains axial organs and results from an "autonomous" regression of the node area. The previous irradiation of the node area prevents the shaping of the "tail". In both experimental models, segmentation and somite differentiation is possible caudal of the stopped node area (with the development of median somite blocks) and on the edges of the hole, respectively. Thus the node seems not to be an absolute contributor--by its regression--to the determination (to the second morphogenetic "wave") of somitogenesis (Cooke and Zeeman, 1976; Bellairs, 1980). The arrest of the node area regression does not influence (during the developmental stages studied) the rate of somitogenesis in the anterior part of the segmental plate.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6231476 TI - Histopathological study on inflammation in cholecystoses. AB - At present, according to the unanimously accepted data, cholecystoses are noninflammatory, nonlithiasic, gallbladder diseases. However the authors' experience has proved that the inflammatory process is much more frequent than it is believed and often associated also with lithiasis, a fact which, in the authors' opinion, would justify a reconsideration of this group of diseases. This study, based on histopathologic examination, was carried out in 1,630 gallbladder specimens, surgically removed. Out of these, 278 (17.05 per cent) were identified as cholecystoses; 156 out of them were cholesteroloses and 122 diverticular diseases of the gallbladder. Inflammation as a well defined morphologic process was found in 104 cases (66.67 per cent) of cholesterolosis and in 119 cases (97.54 per cent) of diverticular disease, therefore 80.21 per cent of the cases of cholecystosis examined were associated with inflammation. As regards lithiasis, it was present in 131 of the cases (46.76 per cent). The inflammatory process presented a chronic aspect with no other particular morphologic characteristics. By correlating the histopathologic data with the clinical evolutive ones, it was observed that the presence of inflammation corresponded with a clinical evolution of the disease of about three years. The authors believed that the group of cholecystoses should be reconsidered bearing in mind that inflammation is present in most of the cases and in almost half of them it is associated with lithiases. Under these conditions the sphere of chronic nonlithiasic, noninflammatory gallbladder diseases becomes considerably reduced today. PMID- 6231477 TI - A peculiar case of allergic angiitis. AB - A 27-year-old male patient with a history of bronchial asthma showed polyarticular swellings, skin purpura and an acute pneumopathy and died 15 days after the acute onset of symptoms. Necropsy confirmed the diagnosis of confluent bronchopneumonia, but in all the organs, including the bone marrow, there were numerous eosinophils, fibrinoid necrosis of arteriovenous walls in the viscera and parieto-vascular infiltrates with mononuclear cells and many eosinophils. These lesions, exclusively around the vessels, were considered to express a variant or a morphogenetic stage of the Churg-Strauss angiitis. PMID- 6231478 TI - The cylindrocubic carcinomas of the lung (the so-called adenocarcinomas). A histopathological analysis of 725 cases. AB - A histopathological and histochemical analysis of 725 cases of cylindrocubic carcinomas of the lung was performed: 570 cases were surgically removed specimens, 98 bronchial and 46 extrathoracal biopsies from unoperable cases, and 11 autopsies. Histopathology of operated cases revealed the co-existence and intrication in different proportions of immature cell areas with dense proliferations containing many giant, monstrous cells, with others trabecular, acinar, cribriform-areolar, pseudoglandular, tubular, papillar and glandular secretory areas; most of these cellular dispositions were related to the lung stromal development (scars, fibrotic areas); 117 out of the 570 cases were independent, multicentric, true bronchiolo-alveolar carcinomas, and 48 cases were true glandular-secretory carcinomas of the large bronchi. 143 out of the 570 cases developed upon scars and fibrotic areas; in 42 out of these 143 the pericicatricial invasion was bronchiolo-alveolar-like. The study of small tumors and of bronchial biopsies revealed mostly the peripheral origin of these cylindrocubic carcinomas from the bronchial covering epithelia of small, nonglandular bronchi. The term of adenocarcinoma does not correspond to the predominant histological picture of these lung tumors, and the so-called subtypes of the WHO typing are currently represented in the same tumors concomitantly and in various proportions. The histodiagnosis of these lung carcinomas is facilitated by the presence of well differentiated, glandular-secretory areas and has to be based upon the predominant aspects of the tumoral growth. PMID- 6231480 TI - Alveolar macrophagic reactions. V. Ultrastructure of alveolar wall changes (mural alveolitis). AB - Ultrastructural observations of alveolar walls after intratracheal administration of aluminium silicate and parenteral injection of heparin are reported. The alveolar walls appeared cellularly thickened and shortened, the air spaces reduced, the basement membranes undulated. The number of intermembranary interstitial cells of histiocytary-macrophagic type is increased, the granulous alveolocytes are concentrated mostly at the intersection of alveolar walls, the fibroblast-fibrocytes as well. The flat alveolocytes with their large cytoplasmic expansions covered the reduced surface of air spaces. Macrophages contained amorphous masses of aluminium silicate within giant phagosomes. PMID- 6231479 TI - Morphophysiological studies in experimental myocardial stress induced by isoproterenol. Note II. The myocardioprotector effect of magnesium ascorbate. AB - The efficiency of magnesium ascorbate, a new Romanian cardioprotector drug, was studied in guinea pigs and Wistar rats, both normal and with scurvy, within the framework of morphophysiological investigations of the pathogenesis of myocardial disease induced by large doses of beta-adrenergic substances of the isoproterenol type. The preventively treated animals presented only disseminated myocardial ultrastructural lesions within reversible limits. Biochemically, as compared with controls, a return to normal levels of ATP and Mg2+ and a decrease in the uptake of 45CaCl2 by the myocardium were observed. The pharmacological mechanisms of action of magnesium ascorbate are discussed. PMID- 6231481 TI - For peace and nuclear disarmament. PMID- 6231482 TI - Mutation tests in Neurospora crassa. A report of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Gene-Tox Program. AB - Many mutation tests have been developed in Neurospora crassa during the almost 40 years of its use in mutation research. These tests detect two major classes of mutation: gene mutation and meiotic nondisjunction. Within the first class, forward- and reverse-mutation tests have been used. The forward-mutation tests include those that detect mutations at many loci and at specific loci. Both kinds of forward-mutation tests have been done in homokaryons (n) and heterokaryons (n + n'). From the publications that were not rejected by our pre-established criteria, data were extracted for 166 chemicals that had been tested for mutagenicity. Only 6 of the 166 chemicals have been tested in one or more gene mutation test and the meiotic nondisjunction test; these 6 chemicals were positive in the first and negative in the second. Of the 102 chemicals tested in one or more gene mutation tests, 94 were positive and 8 were negative. Of the 70 chemicals tested in the meiotic nondisjunction test, 7 were positive and 63 were negative. Two tests, the ad-3 forward-mutation test and the meiotic nondisjunction test, have been used most frequently. These two tests are especially important for hazard evaluation, because each detects a class of mutations that is likely to be deleterious or lethal in the F1 - disomics by the meiotic nondisjunction test and multilocus deletions by the ad-3 forward-mutation test in heterokaryons. Generally, direct-acting chemicals are mutagenic in the gene mutation tests, but few chemicals that required metabolic activation have been tested. Only 31 of the 166 chemicals tested in N. crassa have been tested for carcinogenicity. Among these chemicals, there is a good association between mutagenicity in gene mutation tests and carcinogenicity but a poorer association between meiotic nondisjunction and carcinogenicity; however, only a small number of chemicals has been tested in the meiotic nondisjunction test. Further use and development of certain mutation tests in N. crassa are desirable. PMID- 6231469 TI - Recent developments on structural and functional aspects of the F1 sector of H+ linked ATPases. AB - This review concerns the catalytic sector of F1 factor of the H+-dependent ATPases in mitochondria (MF1), bacteria (BF1) and chloroplasts (CF1). The three types of F1 have many similarities with respect to the structural parameters, subunit composition and catalytic mechanism. An alpha 3 beta 3 gamma delta epsilon stoichiometry is now accepted for MF1 and BF1; the alpha 2 beta 2 gamma 2 delta 2 epsilon 2 stoichiometry for CF1 remains as matter of debate. The major subunits alpha, beta and gamma are equivalent in MF1, BF1 and CF1; this is not the case for the minor subunits delta and epsilon. The delta subunit of MF1 corresponds to the epsilon subunit of BF1 and CF1, whereas the mitochondrial subunit equivalent to the delta subunit of BF1 and CF1 is probably the oligomycin sensitivity conferring protein (OSCP). The alpha beta gamma assembly is endowed with ATPase activity, beta being considered as the catalytic subunit and gamma as a proton gate. On the other hand, the delta and epsilon subunits of BF1 and CF1 most probably act as links between the F1 and F0 sectors of the ATPase complex. The natural mitochondrial ATPase inhibitor, which is a separate protein loosely attached to MF1, could have its counterpart in the epsilon subunit of BF1 and CF1. The generally accepted view that the catalytic subunit in the different F1 species is beta comes from a number of approaches, including chemical modification, specific photolabeling and, in the case of BF1, use of mutants. The alpha subunit also plays a central role in catalysis, since structural alteration of alpha by chemical modification or mutation results in loss of activity of the whole molecule of F1. The notion that the proton motive force generated by respiration is required for conformational changes of the F1 sector of the H+ ATPase complex has gained acceptance. During the course of ATP synthesis, conversion of bound ADP and Pi into bound ATP probably requires little energy input; only the release of the F1-bound ATP would consume energy. ADP and Pi most likely bind at one catalytic site of F1, while ATP is released at another site. This mechanism, which underlines the alternating cooperativity of subunits in F1, is supported by kinetic data and also by the demonstration of partial site reactivity in inactivation experiments performed with selective chemical modifiers. One obvious advantage of the alternating site mechanism is that the released ATP cannot bind to its original site.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6231483 TI - Increased prostacyclin biosynthesis in patients with severe atherosclerosis and platelet activation. AB - Prostacyclin is a potent vasodilator and platelet inhibitor produced by vascular endothelium. Endogenous production of prostacyclin under physiologic conditions is extremely low, far below the capacity of vascular tissue to generate this substance in response to stimulation in vitro. This may reflect a low frequency or intensity of stimulation of prostacyclin production. We postulated that if prostacyclin does act as an endogenous platelet-inhibitory agent, it should be produced in greater amounts in a clinical setting in which platelet-vascular interactions are likely to be increased. To test this hypothesis, we examined prostacyclin biosynthesis in patients with severe atherosclerosis and evidence of platelet activation in vivo. Excretion of 2,3-dinor-6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha, a major urinary prostacyclin metabolite, was significantly higher in 9 patients with severe atherosclerosis and evidence of platelet activation (251 to 1859 pg per milligram of creatinine) than in 54 healthy volunteers (45 to 219 pg per milligram of creatinine; P less than 0.001). This difference represented an alteration in biosynthesis rather than in metabolism, since the fractional conversion of infused prostacyclin to the dinor metabolite was identical in both groups. Prostacyclin production may be low in healthy persons because there is almost no stimulus for its production but enhanced in patients with severe atherosclerosis as a consequence of platelet interactions with endothelium or other vascular insults. These observations are compatible with a role for prostacyclin as a local regulator of platelet-vascular interactions. PMID- 6231485 TI - Huntington's disease. Charting the path to the gene. PMID- 6231484 TI - Genetically restricted antigen presentation for immunological tolerance and suppression. AB - The activation of some subsets of T cells requires the recognition of antigen in association with self Ia determinants. It is not clear, however, whether this is also necessary for the induction of unresponsiveness and the active suppression of hapten-specific T cells. We have studied the regulation of the delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) response in mice. Subcutaneous (s.c.) injection of haptenated syngeneic cells primarily activates T helper cells, while intravenous (i.v.) injection results in unresponsiveness and the activation of T suppressor cells. Presentation of antigen by an I-A-positive antigen-presenting cell (APC) seems to be critical for T helper cell activation. We now show that the activation of first-order T suppressor cells requires the presentation of hapten on an I-J-positive APC. However, i.v. injection of I-J-depleted haptenated cells also results in hepten-specific unresponsiveness. This non-transferable T-cell tolerance requires the presence of an I-A-positive APC and is genetically restricted. These results suggest that distinct modes of antigen presentation and administration are required for immunity, suppression and non-transferable tolerance. PMID- 6231487 TI - Computed tomography-guided percutaneous biopsy: a combined approach to the retroperitoneum. AB - When computed tomography (CT) is used to evaluate the lumbar spine in patients with low back pain, it is important to look at the adjacent retroperitoneum. CT is ideally suited to visualize the retroperitoneum and provide access for percutaneous needle biopsy. PMID- 6231486 TI - Pros and cons of donor-specific blood transfusions in living related kidney transplantation. PMID- 6231488 TI - Acute traumatic vertebral arteriovenous fistula: balloon occlusion with the use of a contralateral approach. AB - A traumatic fistula of the left vertebral artery to vertebral and epidural veins with an expanding suboccipital false aneurysm was trapped by endovascular occlusion with detachable balloons. The lesion was not amenable to treatment using the left vertebral artery alone for access. Distal trapping was accomplished by catheterizing the (contralateral) right vertebral artery and placing the balloon retrograde into the distal segment of the left vertebral artery. This maneuver extends the range of vertebral artery lesions for which detachable balloons, either alone or as an adjunct to operation, can be used. PMID- 6231489 TI - Blink rates and disorders of movement. AB - Blink rate, a putative noninvasive marker of central dopamine activity, was assessed in medication-free patients with Parkinson's disease, progressive supranuclear palsy, Huntington's disease, and dystonia. The normal control rate of 24 blinks per minute was significantly higher than the rate of 12 and 4 blinks per minute recorded for patients with Parkinson's disease and progressive supranuclear palsy, respectively. The rates for patients with Huntington's disease and dystonia did not differ significantly from those of controls (36 and 26 blinks per minute, respectively). PMID- 6231490 TI - Therapeutic failure of GABA agonist treatment in Huntington's disease. PMID- 6231492 TI - [Update on antibiotic therapy. 22) Spectinomycin]. PMID- 6231491 TI - [Medical treatment of the breast]. PMID- 6231493 TI - Evidence for the existence of a dopamine receptor of the D-1 type in the rat median eminence. AB - By means of receptor autoradiography using the dopamine (DA) receptor radioligands [3H]cis(z)-flupenthixol ([3H]FLU), [3H]spiperone, [3H]N-propyl norapomorphine and amino-6,7-dihydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphtalene-2-(5,8[3H]) in combination with a microdensitometrical analysis indications have been obtained for the existence of a DA receptor of the D-1 type in the median eminence of the male rat. Thus, only [3H]FLU (10-20 nM) strongly labeled both the nuc. caudatus putamen and the median eminence and the labeling was markedly prevented by (+)-butaclamol in both regions. Furthermore, a DA receptor agonist of the D-1 type preferentially displaced [3H]FLU from the median eminence. Thus, a DA receptor of the low affinity type may regulate the secretion of hypothalamic hormones from the median eminence. PMID- 6231494 TI - Evidence for presynaptic inhibition of muscle spindle Ia afferents in man. AB - A new method for estimating presynaptic inhibition of soleus (Sol) Ia fibres in man is introduced based on the assessment of the amount of facilitation produced by a preceding homonymous Ia volley onto a Sol monosynaptic reflex. It was found in animal experiments that a reduction of such Ia facilitation reflects the amount of presynaptic inhibition exerted on these Ia fibres. Since, in man, a similar reduction of homonymous Ia facilitation was found after tibialis anterior vibration, this provides evidence for presynaptic inhibition of Sol Ia fibres, elicited here by the afferent discharge due to this flexor vibration. PMID- 6231495 TI - Hepatitis B--relevance to general dental practice. PMID- 6231496 TI - Systemic treatment of severe acne with a retinoic acid derivative, isotretinoin. AB - Twenty-eight patients with severe acne and one with hidradenitis suppurativa and acne were treated for 12 to 16 weeks with a new synthetic retinoid, isotretinoin (Roaccutane). The average dose was 0.56 mg/kg/day. Patients were seen weekly for four weeks and then fortnightly for the remaining treatment period, being evaluated both qualitatively and quantitatively. Twenty-five patients had an excellent response. Two to five months after the end of treatment no patient had relapsed. No patient withdrew because of side effects, but all suffered dry lips. This study confirms the potential of isotretinoin in the treatment of severe acne. PMID- 6231497 TI - Recovery for on-the-job injuries of illness. PMID- 6231498 TI - Clinical evaluation of two pit and fissure sealants: results after twelve months. PMID- 6231499 TI - Court decisions erode protection of WC exclusive remedy provision. PMID- 6231500 TI - WC hearing loss claims should be handled with care. PMID- 6231501 TI - Program compliance key to preventing low back injuries. PMID- 6231502 TI - Workers' compensation: new worries for an old headache. PMID- 6231503 TI - [Early retirement as an indicator of cancer morbidity]. PMID- 6231504 TI - [Problems in the diagnosis of gonorrhea]. PMID- 6231505 TI - [Weight loss and dietary counseling]. PMID- 6231506 TI - [Contact and psychosocial encounter centers--2 years' experience under the sponsorship of the Public Health Department of the city of Cologne]. PMID- 6231507 TI - [Recurrent indeterminate abdominal pain in schoolchildren in Helsinki at a conventional school and at the Waldorf school]. PMID- 6231508 TI - [Fecal examination for Campylobacter jejuni in ban testing based on Paragraphs 17,18 of the Federal Contagion Law]. PMID- 6231509 TI - [15 years of juvenile dental care in the rural district of Steinburg]. PMID- 6231510 TI - [Meeting the child's needs?--Biologically conditioned behavioral considerations for the care and rearing of infants and small children]. PMID- 6231511 TI - [Results of a field study for the determination of mercury exposure of the normal population of Schleswig-Holstein]. PMID- 6231512 TI - [Improvement of the diagnosis of gonorrhea in the advisory board of the Public Health Department]. PMID- 6231513 TI - Effect of a single injection of cyclophosphamide on immunization therapy of metastases remaining after excision of dermal primary tumors in guinea pigs. AB - Guniea pigs with established (7 or 14 days old) syngeneic dermal tumors and metastases in the draining lymph nodes were unsuccessfully treated by excision of the dermal tumors and specific immunization. The vaccines consisted of killed BCG in oil in an emulsified form admixed with mitomycin C treated or irradiated tumor cells. The therapeutic failure to eradicate the metastases was overcome by an additional treatment with a single injection of cyclophosphamide prior to excision of the primary tumor and immunization. It is assumed that cyclophosphamide destroys suppressor elements in the tumor-bearing guinea pigs and, in this way, augments the therapeutic effects of specific immunization. PMID- 6231514 TI - Corticosteroid glaucoma. AB - Topical instillations of parabulbar injections of corticosteroids produce an increase of insoluble polymerized acid mucopolysaccharides. These glycosaminoglycans close the intratrabecular meshes by increasing the thickness of the trabeculae. Perfusion with hyaluronidase, which depolymerizes the mucopolysaccharides, diminishes the diameter of the trabeculae, the more so that after the suppression of the corticosteroid treatment the lysosomal membranes become more permeable for the acid hydrolases. PMID- 6231516 TI - [Possibilities and limitations of nursing care from the viewpoint of a nurse in a village for the handicapped]. PMID- 6231515 TI - Treatment modalities for inherited factor IX deficiency and the implications of inherited bleeding disorders. AB - Two cases of factor IX deficiency are presented. Therapeutic methods for anticipated abnormal bleeding during dental surgical procedures on these patients are discussed, and two are illustrated. One treatment regimen, plasmapheresis, has not been discussed previously in the dental literature. Epidemiologic data relative to the frequency and type of inherited bleeding diatheses seen by the dental surgeon were obtained from a 2-year retrospective study involving all admissions to the dental service of a regional hospital. These data, in conjunction with the presented cases, illustrate the need for dentists, especially those in the surgical specialties, to be familiar with the inherited bleeding diatheses and their treatment. PMID- 6231517 TI - Description of pain and the degree to which the complaints fit the organic diagnosis of low back pain. AB - Descriptions of pain were studied in 142 patients with low back complaints using a pain questionnaire derived from Leavitt. Firstly, the structure was determined by means of a principal components analysis for categorical data. The pain words can be grouped into 6 dimensions: evaluation, evaluation-intensity, constancy, sensory-pressing, sensory-pricking and sensory-cutting. A relation was found between the description of pain and the degree to which the complaints fit the organic diagnosis of low back pain. The nature and magnitude of this relation differed between centres. PMID- 6231518 TI - Pavlov vs. Kohler. Pavlov's little-known primate research. AB - During the 1920s, I. P. Pavlov's scholarly interests broadened to consider problem-solving. Distrusting Wolfgang Kohler's Gestalt explanation of the problem solving process and its interspecies aspects, Pavlov performed, from 1933 to 1936, a number of experiments, including a replication of Kohler's building experiment, using chimpanzees as subjects. Confirming Kohler's findings, Pavlov explained the problem-solving process in terms of unconditional reflexes and the establishment, by Pavlovian conditioning and the Thorndikian method of trial and error, of temporary neural connections identical, on the psychological level, to associations. In contrast to Kohler's "structural" explanation, Pavlov emphasized the processes of analysis and synthesis. According to Pavlov insight is achieved progressively--as the result of the organism's problem-solving behavior- contradicting Kohler's thesis of a sudden subjective reorganization of the environmental situation. Pavlov explained interspecies differences among higher organisms in terms of the range of a species behavior, with the second signal system as the main distinguishing characteristic between human and nonhuman species. PMID- 6231519 TI - Issues in fertility control for mentally retarded female adolescents: I. Sexual activity, sexual abuse, and contraception. AB - Little information is available about sexual activity, sexual assault, and contraceptive use among mentally retarded adolescents. The experience in these areas among 87 mentally retarded females is reviewed. (A companion paper focuses on these patients' parental attitudes toward sterilization.) All subjects attended a multiservice adolescent clinic with a large developmentally disabled patient group. Charts were reviewed and 69 parents were interviewed. The patients had an age range from 11 to 23 years (mean 16.7). Forty-one subjects were mildly retarded (IQ 55 to 69), 23 were moderately retarded (IQ 41 to 54), and 23 were severely retarded (IQ less than 41). Half of the mildly retarded had had sexual intercourse, a proportion comparable to the general adolescent population. Thirty two percent of the moderately retarded and nine percent of the severely retarded adolescents had had intercourse. One third of the mildly retarded and one fourth of the moderately retarded adolescents had been victims of rape or incest. Continued sexual activity correlated with sexual abuse, but the majority of victims had no prior or subsequent evidence of intercourse. Forty-two subjects (48%) had used contraception at some time; intrauterine devices and injectable medroxyprogesterone acetate were preferred to oral contraceptives. Six of the 14 patients (43%) who continued sexual activity became pregnant, suggesting that currently available contraception is not providing sufficient protection. PMID- 6231520 TI - Pathogenesis of the prune-belly syndrome: a functional urethral obstruction caused by prostatic hypoplasia. AB - Abdominal muscle deficiency, urinary tract abnormalities, and cryptorchidism are the three major features of the prune-belly syndrome, also referred to as triad syndrome or Eagle-Barrett syndrome. The etiology is unclear and the pathogenesis a subject of continuing debate. Clinical and pathologic experience with seven cases of prune-belly syndrome is reviewed. Findings indicate that the urogenital anomalies can be attributed to a functional urethral obstruction which in turn is the result of prostatic hypoplasia. The histology of the abdominal wall is that of atrophy-ie, the degeneration of already formed muscle--and not of primitive muscle. This observation supports the theory that the abdominal muscle hypoplasia is a nonspecific lesion, resulting from fetal abdominal distension of various causes. Transient fetal ascites may be an important feature of the prune-belly syndrome. PMID- 6231521 TI - Joint policy statement. Principles of treatment of disabled infants. PMID- 6231522 TI - Treatment of disabled infants. PMID- 6231524 TI - [Morbidity of twins and singly-born children]. PMID- 6231523 TI - [Hexokinase and phosphofructokinase activity in acute pneumonia in children in the 1st year of life]. PMID- 6231525 TI - [Current problems of chronic intestinal diseases in children]. PMID- 6231526 TI - A comparison between the physiological and histochemical characterisation of urethral striated muscle in the guinea pig. AB - In this in vitro study comparison has been made between the actomyosin ATPase activity and the contractile properties of the external urethral sphincter in the guinea pig. Histochemical analysis showed the external urethral sphincter to contain a mixture of alkali and acid stable actomyosin ATPase positive fibres in the ratio of 3:1. External urethral sphincter isometric contraction measurements were undertaken using specimens mounted transversely or longitudinally with respect to the urethral lumen. These contraction parameters have shown that the majority of fibres which constitute the external urethral sphincter correspond to the fast twitch type. In order to determine whether the relatively small fibre diameter of urethral striated muscle influenced the contraction results, when compared with controls, corrections for different volume ratios of slow and fast fibres were applied to the results. These modified values revealed close correlation between muscle fibre actomyosin ATPase content and isometric contraction responses. PMID- 6231527 TI - Initiation of transcription of the yeast mitochondrial gene coding for ATPase subunit 9. AB - We have determined transcriptional initiation sites for the ATPase subunit 9 gene on the yeast mitochondrial genome. Using S1 nuclease mapping, in vitro capping of primary transcripts with GTP and guanylyl transferase, and in vitro transcription analysis with purified mitochondrial RNA polymerase, we find the major site of transcriptional initiation to be at a point 630 nucleotides upstream of the coding region for the gene. In addition, we find much lower levels of initiation at a second site 78 nucleotides downstream of the first. Both initiation sites occur at the same position within a nonanucleotide sequence which we have previously found associated with initiation of rRNA synthesis. This work further supports the notion that this nonanucleotide sequence is an integral component of mitochondrial promoters and indicates that the same RNA polymerase is used for transcription of both mRNA and rRNA in yeast mitochondria. PMID- 6231528 TI - A chicken repetitive DNA sequence that is highly sensitive to single-strand specific endonucleases. AB - A DNA sequence consisting of the 5-mer AGAGG repeated tandemly 32 times has been detected in a chicken genomic clone and found to be present in about 2000 copies per chicken genome. This sequence was highly susceptible to single-strand specific endonucleases isolated from Aspergillus oryzae (S1) and mung bean, but cleavage by a single-strand specific endonuclease isolated from Neurospora crassa occurred only at a pH below 5.5. Endonucleolytic cutting of the AGAGG sequence by the single-strand specific enzymes required a supercoiled substrate and was independent of ionic strength. PMID- 6231530 TI - A sporting chance. PMID- 6231529 TI - The barley chloroplast DNA atpBE, trnM2, and trnV1 loci. AB - The nucleotide sequence of a barley chloroplast DNA 3.7 kb SmaI-HindIII fragment is presented. This fragment contains atpBE, the genes for the beta and epsilon subunits of ATPase; trnM2, the gene for tRNA2met; and trnV1, the gene for tRNA1va1. The atpE-trnM2 interval is 126 bp and trnM2 is transcribed towards atpBE. The trnM2-trnV1 interval is 203 bp and trnV1 is transcribed away from trnM2. The trnV1 locus has a 597 bp intervening sequence. the organization and sequences of these genes are compared to the analogous genes from maize and tobacco chloroplast DNA. Using the latter comparisons the nature of sequence divergence between chloroplast DNAs is discussed. PMID- 6231531 TI - [The care and social rehabilitation of the disabled]. PMID- 6231532 TI - Cyclo(Leu-Gly) has opposite effects on D-2 dopamine receptors in different brain areas. AB - Cyclo(Leu-Gly) (cLG), a diketopiperazine analog of Pro-Leu-Gly-NH2 (MIF), affects a number of physiological and behavioral responses to the endogenous neurotransmitter, dopamine (DA). In the present series of experiments, the effect of in vivo administration of cLG (8 mg/kg) was investigated five days following subcutaneous administration. It was found that cLG administration of cLG (8 mg/kg) was investigated five days following subcutaneous administration. It was found that cLG administration caused a supersensitive behavioral response, measured by increased stereotypic sniffing, to the DA agonist, apomorphine (APO). At the same time, an increase was found in the affinity for dopamine (DA), as measured by dopamine inhibition of 3H-spiroperidol binding to D-2 DA receptors in striatum (nigro-striatal DA tract). In contrast, the same peptide treatment caused a subsensitive physiological response to APO-induced hypothermia, concomitant with a decrease in affinity for dopamine, as measured by DA inhibition of 3H-spiroperidol binding to D-2 DA receptors in hypothalamus (incerto-hypothalamic DA tract). These results suggest that a single neuromodulatory agent, the peptide cLG, can elicit diametrically opposite effects on D-2 DA receptors and on the corresponding physiological endpoints in two different brain areas. PMID- 6231533 TI - [Equilibrium radioisotope ventriculography with balanced distribution of the radioactive substance in the blood]. PMID- 6231536 TI - Traveling with physical disability. Careful preplanning can ensure 'smooth sailing'. PMID- 6231534 TI - [IgA nephropathy]. PMID- 6231535 TI - Treatment of prostatic cancer: the EORTC experience--preliminary results of prostatic carcinoma trials. AB - Six prospective studies in the field of prostatic carcinoma have been carried out to date by the EORTC Urological Group. In three phase II studies, adriamycin, procarbazine, vindesine, and mitomycin C have been studied. Two of the three protocols have been completed. In three phase III studies, 3 mg of diethylstilbestrol (DES) is compared to cyproterone acetate (CPA), medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA), and Estramustin phosphate (Estracyt). These two protocols have been closed to entry. The current protocol compares DES, 1 mg, to castration and to cyproterone acetate plus castration. From the phase II studies, no drug has emerged that is recommended for treatment of hormone resistant prostatic cancer. The endocrine protocols, designed for the primary treatment of T3, T4, and M1 carcinoma of the prostate, have resulted in several important observations. Responses to DES, 3 mg/day, and to Estracyt were very similar and amounted to 25-30%. There was somewhat less objective response in the CPA and significantly less (P = 0.005) in the MPA group. It has become evident that DES at a dosage of 3 mg/day carries a significantly higher risk of overall cardiovascular toxicity than does cyproterone acetate, but severe cardiovascular complications did not differ between treatment groups. Up to now, no differences in survival were observed within the different treatment groups. Grade, local tumor extension, and performance were found to have a significant impact on survival. PMID- 6231537 TI - Basal ganglia calcification and psychosis in Down's syndrome. AB - A case of basal ganglia calcification (diagnosed in vivo) and schizophreniform psychosis occurring in a young adult with Down's syndrome is reported. A stress vulnerability model is suggested. Because of the relatively high prevalence of basal ganglia calcification to Down's syndrome, this population appears well suited for systematic study of the neuropsychiatric aspects associated with this neurological condition. PMID- 6231538 TI - Treatment of chronic back pain. Comparing corticosteroid-lignocaine injections with lignocaine alone. PMID- 6231539 TI - [Visual perception performance in handicapped adolescents without cerebral damage]. PMID- 6231540 TI - [Ankylosing spondylarthritis. Pathogenesis of the destructive disco-vertebral lesions. 15 cases]. AB - Fifteen cases of destructive disco-vertebral lesions discovered in patients with ankylosing spondylitis are reported. The incidence of these lesions was 5.5% and they were unrelated to underlying conditions. Radiologically, they fell into five categories: pseudodystrophic, pseudotuberculous, extensive erosions, bone condensation and isolated narrowing of the intervertebral spaces. From an analysis of these 15 cases and of published data, it would appear that these forms result from different pathogenetic processes: an inflammatory process for the pseudodystrophic and pseudotuberculous forms and for early extensive erosions; a mechanical process for bone condensation and perhaps also (though this is more controversial) for late extensive erosions and isolated intervertebral narrowing. PMID- 6231541 TI - [Lymphocyte subpopulations in hemophilic patients]. AB - Monoclonal antibody analysis of peripheral blood T-cell subsets was performed in 23 multitransfused haemophiliacs, 5 children and 10 adults. Although none of the patients exhibited symptoms of acquired immune deficiency, 5 of them showed an abnormally low proportion of T-cells with reversal of the OKT4 (helper/inducer) to OKT8 (cytotoxic/suppressor) ratio. No evidence of cytomegalovirus infection was found. A search for antibodies to human leukaemia virus antigen P24 gave negative results. The relationship between this abnormality and transfusions is discussed. PMID- 6231542 TI - [Adrenal adenoma secreting exclusively estrogens in a woman during her reproductive period. 11-year follow-up]. AB - Feminizing tumours are rare, most are malignant, and they are usually seen in children and male adults. We report an 11-year follow-up of a feminizing adrenal tumour which was unusual on three accounts: it was a benign adenoma, it secreted estrogens only and the patient was an female in her active reproductive years. To our knowledge, similar cases have not yet been published. PMID- 6231543 TI - [Subclavian floating thrombus responsible for encephalo-digital syndrome. 2 cases]. AB - Two patients developed acute, evolutive ulcerations of the fingers simultaneously with acute, transient insufficiency of the vertebral and basilar arteries. Emergency angiography or the aortic arch showed no obvious lesion, but in both cases selective exploration of the subclavian vessels demonstrated the presence of a small floating thrombus giving rise to a "shower" of emboli. The diagnosis was confirmed and the thrombi excised by surgery through the subclavian route. Multiple emboli in different territories are usually due to heart diseases. Our cases suggest that the possibility of a subclavian thrombus should be borne in mind and that in patients with normal hearts the supra-aortic vessels should be adequately explored by angiography. PMID- 6231544 TI - [Tubal sterility: fertilization in vitro or microsurgery]. AB - In this review paper the respective places of microsurgery and in vitro fertilization in the treatment of tubal infertility are evaluated. The best and current results of the two methods are compared and their future is considered. Most of the indications for microsurgery remain, while some (e.g. poor prognosis salpingostomy, repeated tuboplasty, tubal transplantation) require discussion and new ones are appearing. The advent of in vitro fertilization has introduced some technical changes in surgery of the ovaries and surrounding tissues and has given rise to new techniques. It has also modified the initial investigations in infertile women and the use of pre-operative and second-look laparoscopy. It has exerted little influence on microsurgeons specialized in problems of reproduction but has obliged their teams to be reorganized on a multidisciplinary basis in order to cope with new techniques. PMID- 6231545 TI - [Mechanical anastomoses with the ILS stapler in surgery of the esophagus. 73 cases]. AB - The authors report on their experience of 200 anastomoses of the oesophagus, 73 of which were performed with the ILS stapler. They describe the instrument and the way it should be used and insist on the check-ups required to make sure that the anastomosis is leak-proof. The results are reviewed by category of anastomosis (with the stomach, jejunum or colon). In view of its advantages and notably its safety, this type of instrument deserves to be widely used. PMID- 6231546 TI - [The Chinese flap]. PMID- 6231547 TI - [Fenbufen intolerance. A case of severe toxic dermatitis]. PMID- 6231548 TI - [Severe, recurrent and reversible neutropenia induced by cimetidine]. PMID- 6231549 TI - [Eosinophil monoarthritis in allergic patients]. PMID- 6231550 TI - [Tubal sequelae of salpingitis. Study of ciliary activity]. PMID- 6231551 TI - [Hematoma of Retzius's space under anticoagulant treatment]. PMID- 6231552 TI - [Alcoholic steatosis and cirrhosis. Evaluation of protein-calorie malnutrition]. PMID- 6231553 TI - [Thrombus temporarily wedged in the tricuspid valve. Detection with bidimensional echocardiography]. PMID- 6231554 TI - [Chronic paroxysmal hemicrania]. PMID- 6231555 TI - [Methemalbuminemia (pseudomethemoglobinemia): a cause of cyanosis with normal arterial oxygen pressure. Role of massive hemolysis]. PMID- 6231557 TI - [Current treatment of gallbladder lithiasis]. PMID- 6231556 TI - [Protein C deficiency. Role in recurrent venous thrombosis]. PMID- 6231558 TI - [Posttransfusion purpura: identification of a new platelet antigen Leka. A case]. AB - A young female patient with Gardner's syndrome developed post-transfusion purpura. Serological studies demonstrated the presence of an antibody directed not against PlA1 but against a new antigen, Leka. This is the first case of post transfusion purpura not associated with immunization against the PlA1 antigen. The Leka antigen is present in 98% of the French population. Its absence on platelets from patients with thrombasthenia suggests that it is located on the IIb IIIa platelet glycoprotein complex. PMID- 6231559 TI - [Seasonal variations of vitamin D metabolites in man]. AB - Studies concerning the influence of seasons and ultraviolet radiations on the metabolism of 1,25-dihydrocholecalciferol (1,25 (OH)2D), the active form of vitamin D, have given conflicting results. In the present study serum concentrations of the 3 main vitamin D metabolites--25-hydroxyvitamin D, 24,25 dihydroxyvitamin D and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D--were measured by radiocompetitive assay (a) monthly during one year in 7 normal subjects, and (b) before, during and after 4 weeks of "whole body" exposure to ultraviolet radiations in 11 other subjects. In study (a) parallel changes in 25-hydroxyvitamin D and 24,25 dihydroxyvitamin D concentrations were observed during the year, with a rise in the summer; there were no significant monthly or quarterly changes in 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D concentrations. In study (b), 25-hydroxyvitamin D and 24,25 dihydroxyvitamin D concentrations rose by 150% and 200% respectively after 4 weeks' exposure to ultraviolet radiations and again, there were no significant changes in 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D concentrations. These results confirm that when synthesis of the substrate (25-hydroxyvitamin D) increases, synthesis of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D is inhibited by a regulatory process which does not apply to 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D synthesis. PMID- 6231560 TI - [C-reactive protein of the cerebrospinal fluid in children. A new evaluation of its diagnostic value]. AB - The presence of C-reactive protein in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) has been proposed as an early indicator of bacterial meningitis in children. A commercial latex agglutination test (CR-test, Hyland) was performed in CSF obtained at first lumbar puncture in 114 children (26 neonates and 88 children aged from 1 month to 15 years) presenting with meningitis-like episodes. The CSF was regarded as normal in 41 cases; 50 had non-bacterial meningitis, and bacterial infection was diagnosed in 14 and suspected in 9. The latex agglutination test was positive in the first CSF sample from 2 neonates with bacterial meningitis, but its specificity was low (= 0.58). In older infants and children the test was positive in 18/21 cases of bacterial meningitis (sensitivity = 0.86) and negative in the 18 cases with normal CSF, as well as in 47/49 cases of non-bacterial meningitis (specificity = 0.97). The presence of C-reactive protein in CSF obtained at first lumbar puncture therefore is unreliable to distinguish between bacterial and aseptic meningitis. PMID- 6231561 TI - [Parathyroid adenoma disclosed by a massive subcapsular hemorrhage]. AB - In the case reported here a parathyroid gland adenoma was revealed by the sudden occurrence of a large subcapsular haematoma compressing cervical structures and causing recurrent nerve paralysis; spontaneously regressive hypercalcaemia was present. The place of these haemorrhages among other manifestations of a hitherto silent parathyroid gland adenoma is discussed, together with the diagnostic value of thyroid gland scintigraphy and cervical ultrasonography. In view of their potentially somber prognosis, emergency surgery is mandatory in such cases. PMID- 6231562 TI - [The bare lymphocyte syndrome. Combined immune deficiency by absence of HLA antigen expression]. AB - The typical form of the Bare Lymphocyte Syndrome type I consists of lack of expression of class I HLA antigens, resulting in combined immunodeficiency. The abnormality does not concern the structural genes of chromosome 6 but is located on other genes controlling expression of HLA antigens. This autosomal recessive condition is clinically manifested by infections, and the spontaneous outcome is generally fatal during childhood. Because the abnormality is detected on cells of hematopoietic origin only, complete cure should be attainable by bone marrow transplantation, provided it is performed early enough. The Bare Lymphocyte Syndrome type II consists of lack of expression of class II HLA antigens, associated with immunodeficiency, and the postulated type III consists of complete lack of any class I and II HLA antigen at cell surface. This syndrome demonstrates the major role of HLA antigens both in T lymphocytes effector functions and in T lymphocyte earlier differentiation and homing. PMID- 6231563 TI - [Colectomy by combined resection-anastomosis using linear mechanical sutures]. AB - In the technique described, anastomosis is started with a GIA mechanical stapler then completed with a TA stapler followed by resection of the segment involved. We prefer this technique to other mechanical procedures (triangulation, circular anastomosis) in all colectomies which do not require lower colorectal anastomosis. It is simple, economical and solves problems of incongruence. Finally--and this is the most important point in surgery of the colon--it considerably shortens the septic operative stages. PMID- 6231564 TI - [Replacement treatment of hypothyroidism with dl-thyroxine. Tablets don't equal drops]. PMID- 6231565 TI - [Treatment of erythema nodosum with colchicine]. PMID- 6231566 TI - [Epidermolysis bullosa letalis. Antenatal exclusion diagnosis]. PMID- 6231567 TI - [Limitations of the thyroliberin test in the elderly. Influence of sex]. PMID- 6231568 TI - [Meralgia paresthetica complicating iliac bone graft removal. Apropos of 3 cases]. PMID- 6231569 TI - [Cellular immunodeficiency in the different forms of leprosy]. PMID- 6231570 TI - [Increase in acid phosphatases and their labile tartrate fraction in a nonprostatic metastatic cancer]. PMID- 6231571 TI - [Treatment of laparoschisis. Use of a polyglactin 910 mesh]. PMID- 6231572 TI - [Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Fatal outcome caused by pulmonary edema]. PMID- 6231573 TI - [Paradoxical embolism associated with an interatrial communication]. PMID- 6231574 TI - [Role of interleukins in autoimmunity]. PMID- 6231575 TI - [Treatment of Ewing's sarcoma with intensive initial chemotherapy. 1st evaluation of a French pediatric multicenter protocol]. AB - From April, 1978 to December, 1982, 87 cases of Ewing's sarcoma were registered in 12 centres of paediatric oncology in France. The results of a therapeutic protocol consisting of intensive chemotherapy (vincristine, cyclophosphamide and actinomycin with or without adriamycin) prior to tumoral irradiation, followed by maintenance chemotherapy are reported after 3 years' follow-up from the beginning of treatment. In localized sarcomas, complete remission (66/70) persisted without relapse or metastasis in 54% of the cases (78% in sarcomas of long bones, and 37% in sarcomas of short bones). In non-metastatic sarcomas of the ribs, the first remission persisted in 7/14 patients (50%). All these patients had been initially treated with chemotherapy, radiotherapy and surgical excision. These preliminary results emphasize the value of co-operative therapeutic trials in a rare tumour, demonstrate the effectiveness of the initial chemotherapy used against Ewing's sarcoma and are in favour of a combined treatment, including systematic excision, for Ewing's sarcomas affecting the ribs. PMID- 6231576 TI - [Chronic atrophic polychondritis. Critical analysis of the therapeutic efficacy of dapsone. 2 cases]. AB - Dapsone has been used since 1976 in the treatment of relapsing polychondritis. A critical analysis of its therapeutic effectiveness based on 2 personal cases and 14 cases reported in the literature, all treated with dapsone alone, showed that treatment had to be discontinued in 4 on account of side effects (haemolytic anaemia, erythema multiforme, somnolence, headache, nausea); 1 patient showed no improvement and 5 relapsed; 6 responded favourably and without relapse during a 3 months' to 4 years' follow-up. Considering the unpredictable course of relapsing polychondritis and the fact that some of its clinical manifestations, notably auricular chondritis, may spontaneously resolve, the response of the disease to dapsone is difficult to establish and requires to be confirmed by a controlled clinical trial. PMID- 6231577 TI - [Primary hyperparathyroidism. Lack of effect of cimetidine on plasma levels of parathyroid hormone and calcium]. AB - Because of the contradictory results formerly published as regards the effect of cimetidine in primary hyperparathyroidism, we have studied the effect of cimetidine at the daily dose of 1200 mg in 14 cases of primary hyperparathyroidism. The diagnosis was ascertained in all cases by the coexistence of an otherwise unexplained hypercalcemia and of a concomitantly elevated plasma concentration of immunoreactive parathyroid hormone (PiPTH) measured by 2 different antibodies and confirmed in 10 cases by surgical neck exploration. In 5 cases with severe hypercalcemia (greater than 12.0 mg/l) cimetidine was discontinued after 5 days because of its lack of effect on both plasma concentrations of calcium and PiPTH, and the patients were successfully operated. In 8 cases with milder hypercalcemia, cimetidine was given for 1.5-6 months. There was no significant change in both plasma concentrations of calcium (PCa) and PiPTH but a regression analysis showed that PCa was negatively correlated to time with a correlation coefficient which would have become significant if the follow-up had been 9 months. In the last patient severe hypercalcemia was controlled by simultaneous administration of phosphate, indomethacin and cimetidine without concomitant decrease of PiPTH; and 6 weeks after cimetidine discontinuation no significant increase of PCa and PiPTH occurred. These data show that cimetidine has no clinically therapeutic value in primary hyperparathyroidism. PMID- 6231578 TI - [Associated compression of the celiac trunk, superior mesenteric artery and aorta by the arcuate ligament of the diaphragm]. AB - Simultaneous compression of the coeliac axis, superior mesenteric artery and aorta by the arcuate ligament of the diaphragm is a very rare condition. The pathogenesis of the abdominal pain observed is debatable, but the simplicity and effectiveness of vascular release fully justify surgery in such cases. PMID- 6231579 TI - [Chemonucleolysis in the treatment of sciatica caused by herniated disk]. AB - Chemonucleolysis is an effective treatment of sciatica due to herniated lumbar disc after conservative treatments have failed. Provided the proper technique is applied and the patients are well selected (complete herniation or herniation within a narrow spinal canal being excluded), surgery can be avoided in the majority of cases. Chemonucleolysis does not in any way complicate subsequent surgery if required and post-nucleolysis surgery gives the same results as first intention surgery. The method, therefore, should not be regarded as an alternative to surgery but as the last stage of conservative treatment. Allergic reactions are the only true side-effects and require special precautions. PMID- 6231580 TI - [Selective tricuspid annuloplasty without prosthetic support]. AB - Two techniques of plastic surgery are currently used to treat tricuspid insufficiency: a prosthetic reductor or a continuous running suture. In the technique advocated here a double continuous suture is inserted into the tricuspid annulus, one running from the antero-septal to the antero-external commissures and the other, from the postero-septal to the antero-external commissures. When these two sutures are tied separately, the circumferences of the two parts of the annulus, which are diversely dilated, can be reduced. The authors have used this technique in 141 patients and a Carpentier's annulus in 41 patients. Perioperative mortality and 5-year survival were the same in both series, but the incidence of postoperative atrioventricular block was much lower in the first one. Another advantage of the double continuous suture technique is that foreign material is reduced to a minimum. PMID- 6231581 TI - [Absence of hyperfixation in bone scintigraphy during the initial days of typhoid osteitis]. PMID- 6231582 TI - [Consumption coagulopathy and microangiopathic hemolytic anemia in a patient with splenic hemangioma and then peritoneal splenosis]. PMID- 6231583 TI - [Percutaneous endoluminal coronary dilatation. Value in the acute period of infarction]. PMID- 6231584 TI - [Treatment of coronary and arterial stenosis. Experimental study of laser treatment]. PMID- 6231585 TI - [Urinary elimination of nalidixic acid and its principal metabolites in children]. PMID- 6231586 TI - [Extracorporeal clearance of carbon dioxide. Supportive therapy of acute respiratory insufficiency]. PMID- 6231587 TI - [Acute duodenal anisakiasis. Endoscopic extraction]. PMID- 6231588 TI - [Treatment of cirrhotic patients with specific immunoglobulins. Prevention of Gram-negative bacillary infections]. PMID- 6231589 TI - [The garlic story]. PMID- 6231590 TI - [Voluntary diltiazem poisoning]. PMID- 6231592 TI - [Comparative effect of beta-lactam activity on Pseudomonas aeruginosa as a function of resistance phenotypes]. AB - In a multicentre study of the distribution in France of constitutive beta lactamases produced by Ps. aeruginosa, the activities of 12 antibiotics were investigated comparatively according to resistance phenotypes. Antibiotics with the best activity, on a weight-for-weight basis, against "wild" non carboxypenicillin-resistant strains were ureidopenicillins among penicillins, ceftazidime and cefsulodin among cephalosporins and a new beta-lactam compound: N formimidoyl-thienamycin. Thirty per cent of carboxypenicillin-resistant strains do not possess constitutive beta-lactamases. With most antibiotics, except N-f thienamycin, minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) against these strains were increased 2 or 3-fold. However, the MICs of ureidopenicillins remained well below critical concentrations. The activities of the penicillins tested and of cefoperazone and cefsulodin against strains with constitutive beta-lactamases were considerably reduced. Those of other cephalosporins, such as cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, moxalactam, ceftazidime and azthreonam were little modified. However, in view of the plasma concentrations obtained, with the exception of ceftazidime and azthreonam the MICs of these cephalosporins were too high for satisfactory therapeutic results to be expected. Ps. aeruginosa strains producing beta-lactamases of the chromosomal cephalosporinase type are still rare (0.9%), but their number seems to be increasing. These strains, probably selected by treatments, are resistant to all beta-lactam antibiotics, and their degree of resistance to cephalosporins, ceftazidime included, is particularly high. PMID- 6231591 TI - [Development and current status of Pseudomonas aeruginosa sensitivity to antibiotics]. AB - The response of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to antibacterial drugs is remarkably stable and is characterized by multiresistance. This organism is uniformly resistant to ampicillins, first and second generation cephalosporins and kanamycin and most often resistant to streptomycin, tetracyclines, chloramphenicol, nalidixic acid, sulphonamides, co-trimoxazole and nitrofurans. Very few of the conventional antibiotics are active against Pseudomonas spp.: polymyxin is virtually always active in vitro but gives disappointing therapeutic results; little change has been observed over years in the incidence of strains resistant to carbenicillin and to some aminoglycosides, such as gentamicin, tobramycin and amikacin. Recently developed antibacterial agents of the beta lactam and quinolone groups offer hopes of better therapeutic effectiveness. Among beta-lactam antibiotics, new penicillins, including azlocillin, are more active than carbenicillin and some third generation cephalosporins, notably cefoperazone, cefsulodin and ceftazidime, also show anti-Pseudomonas activity. The same applies to new beta-lactam antibiotics with a novel structure, such as thienamycins and monobactams. Several new quinolones are active in vitro against Ps. aeruginosa; these are rosoxacin, norfloxacin, enoxacin, pefloxacin, ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin. PMID- 6231593 TI - [Distribution of constituent beta-lactamases in Pseudomonas aeruginosa]. AB - Acquired resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to beta-lactam antibiotics, e.g. ticarcillin, has the following characters: The incidence of ticarcillin-resistant strains is about 21% but it varies with hospitals from 10.9 to 35.1%. Resistance is predominantly due to beta-lactamases, which are produced by two-thirds of the strains (64.4% in 1982, 67.9% in 1983). The presence of beta-lactamase positive strains is dependent upon the type of patient, the hospital unit (e.g. urology or burns) and the nature of the specimen collected. Most beta-lactamase positive strains spontaneously produce one single penicillinase of the CARB (53.8%), OXA (30.5%) or TEM (8.7%) type. New types of beta-lactamases may develop and hydrolyse beta-lactam antibiotics such as ticarcillin, azlocillin, cefoperazone or cefsulodin. With beta-lactam antibiotics (cefotaxime, moxalactam, ceftazidime) that resist hydrolysis, bacterial resistance is due to production of a constitutive beta-lactamase of the cephalosporinase type. This enzyme has recently appeared and its incidence is low (6.8%). Associated beta-lactamases (e.g. penicillinase plus cephalosporinase) are exceptional. PMID- 6231594 TI - [Mechanisms of azlocillin resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa]. AB - The authors have evaluated the susceptibility of azlocillin to beta-lactamases habitually produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, i.e. TEM and CARB types penicillinases and the so-called Sabath and Abraham cephalosporinase. As all penicillins, azlocillin is liable to hydrolysis by penicillinases that also affect, through to a lesser extent, some cephalosporin. It is also degraded, albeit moderately by the Sabath and Abraham cephalosporinase. The authors have also compared the behaviour of azlocillin towards beta-lactamases to that of other beta-lactam antibiotics, notably carbenicillin, cefoperazone and cefsulodin. PMID- 6231595 TI - [Antibacterial effects of the combinations of azlocillin with other antibiotics]. AB - Evaluating the synergistic effects of antibiotic associations is by no means an easy task owing to the diversity of the test methods utilized for this purpose. Data extracted from 11 reports published between 1975 and 1982 and concerning associations of azlocillin with various aminoglycosides (gentamicin, sisomycin, netilmicin, amikacin, tobramycin and dibekacin) and with two beta-lactam antibiotics (cloxacillin and cefotaxime) are reviewed in this article. On the whole, a synergistic effect against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterobacteriaceae was most frequently observed with the azlocillin aminoglycoside association. This effect was usually more pronounced with organisms showing low sensitivity to azlocillin and less pronounced with organisms resistant to aminoglycosides. As often pointed out, there is no general rule that would help predict with certainty from the sensitivity of a strain whether or not any given antibiotic association will act synergistically on that strain. PMID- 6231596 TI - [Clinical pharmacokinetics of azlocillin]. AB - The pharmacokinetics of azlocillin have been studied in healthy subjects and in patients, in children and in adults, using different doses, either single or repeated. Following intravenous injection of doses ranging from 1 to 5 g, plasma concentrations increase in relation to dosage. Maximum concentrations at the end of an injection or infusion average 100-200 micrograms/ml with 1 g and 400-500 micrograms/ml with 5 g. Azlocillin has a low degree of plasma protein binding: 30% to 40% depending on concentrations. Its volume of distribution is approximately 0.2 l/kg. Tissue distribution has been studied by various authors: with a 2 to 5 g dose, therapeutically active concentrations have been found in a variety of tissues, including bronchial secretions, bone, etc. Azlocillin crosses the placenta; the ratio of maternal to foetal plasma concentrations is 0.50. Azlocillin undergoes little metabolic degradation and its metabolites (penicilloates) amount to less than 15% of the dose administered. Most of the drug is excreted by the kidneys, 50% to 70% of the dose injected being recovered in the 24 h urines; the remainder is excreted in the bile, and biliary concentrations may be as high as 15-fold the corresponding plasma concentrations. Azlocillin is rapidly cleared. Its plasma half-life varies from 45 to 75 min according to different authors. The fact that it increases slightly with dosage suggests the kinetics of the drug might be dose-dependent. In view of the intervals between doses, this is certainly not of therapeutic importance. Total and renal clearance values are 150-200 ml/min and 100-140 ml/min respectively. In patients with renal impairment azlocillin is eliminated more slowly, with a half life of up to 6-10 h when creatinine clearance is below 5 ml/min. The reduced urinary excretion may partly be compensated for by increased biliary excretion. The proportion of drug removed by haemodialysis is 40-50%. Azlocillin excretion is slowed down in children under 3 months of age, with half-lives of 4.5 h, 3.0 h and 2.0 h respectively in prematures, neonates and infants. PMID- 6231597 TI - [Pharmacokinetics of azlocillin in chronic renal failure and hemodialysis patients]. AB - The pharmacokinetics of azlocillin were studied in 16 patients with varying degrees of renal impairment (creatinine clearance Ccr ranging from 0 to 52 ml/min/1.73 m2) and on and off sessions in 4 of these patients on periodical haemodialysis. A single dose of azlocillin 80 mg/kg was given by intravenous infusion over 30 min. Maximum concentrations in the sera of patients with renal impairment were the same as in normal subjects, ranging from 300 to 400 micrograms/ml. The elimination half-life (t 1/2) increased as renal function deteriorated, with values of 1.11 h in subjects with healthy kidneys to 5.66 h in patients with Ccr less than 15 ml/min (maximum 8.38 h). The apparent volume of distribution (Vd) was unchanged in patients with renal impairment but was significantly increased in patients on haemodialysis. The mean percentage of the dose administered excreted in the urines decreased from 60-70% in normal subjects to about 11% in patients with severe renal failure, but urinary concentrations remained above therapeutic levels. The extra-renal elimination of azlocillin was unmodified by renal impairment. Azlocillin is easily removed by dialysis: t 1/2 values between and during 6 h sessions of haemodialysis were 6.55 h and 2.81 h respectively, corresponding to a 45.8% extraction on the dialyser. These results are comparable to those found in the literature and can be used as a basis for adjusting azlocillin dosage to the degree of renal function. PMID- 6231598 TI - [Bone and blood levels of azlocillin after intra-arterial injection in the dog]. AB - Pharmacokinetic values of azlocillin--a semisynthetic penicillin of the ureidopenicillin family--were determined in dogs after injection of the drug into the right femoral artery by measuring plasma concentrations in the right femoral artery and left femoral vein and tissue concentrations in ipsi- and contralateral bones. Two different doses of azlocillin were administered, one group of dogs receiving 100 mg X kg-1 by fast (1 min) bolus injection and the other group receiving 250 mg X kg-1. The drug was assayed by high performance liquid chromatography in reverse phase, which proved to be the simplest, most rapid and most sensitive method. Changes in plasma and bone tissue concentrations after intra-arterial injection were interpreted as order one kinetics with a two compartment open model. Following the 100 mg/kg dose, concentrations versus time corresponded to the following equations: --Arterial blood (mg/l) = 7570 e-0.15 t (min) + 240 e-0.017 t --Venous blood (mg/l) = 553 e-0.13 t + 222 e-0.016 t --Bone tissue (micrograms/g) = 15 e-0.0115 t (elimination phase). Distribution and elimination constants were identical in arterial and venous blood. Distribution half-life was 5 +/- 1 min in arterial blood and biological half-life was 42 +/- 11 min. However, bioavailability was comparatively lower in veins due to higher levels in arteries during the distribution phase. Bone tissue concentrations were much lower than plasma concentrations and were identical on both sides despite high arterial levels on the ipsilateral side during the distribution phase. Bone concentrations diminished rapidly and elimination kinetic values were the same in bone and in plasma. It is concluded that bone tissue concentrations of azlocillin after intra-arterial injection are highest during the distribution phase. PMID- 6231599 TI - [Pharmacokinetics of azlocillin in the burn patient]. AB - Pharmacokinetic values of azlocillin were determined in burned patients during the exudation and repair periods. A single dose of 80 mg/kg was administered intravenously over 30 min. Pharmacokinetic constants were calculated using an open two-compartment model. During the exudation period the ultimate serum half lives (t 1/2 beta) were 1.17 to 1.4 h, 1.73 to 1.78 h and 3.3 h respectively with creatinine clearances of 111-131, 60-94 and 14 ml/min/1.73 m2. Renal clearances varied from 30.9 to 128 ml/min/1.73 m2. During the repair period little change was observed in t 1/2 beta, but renal clearance increased from 36.6 to 116 ml/min/1.73 m2 in one patient. It is concluded that azlocillin behaves in burned patients as in patients with impaired renal function. PMID- 6231600 TI - [Evaluation of the clinical activity of azlocillin. A multicenter study conducted in 14 centers]. AB - Azlocillin, an acylureidopenicillin particularly active against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, was used to treat 124 patients, 36 of whom were children, presenting with pulmonary infections (including cystic fibrosis), urinary, genital, intra abdominal, osteoarticular and skin infections as well as septicaemia, otitis and meningitis. The causative agent in all cases was Ps. aeruginosa either alone or associated with other pathogens. Azlocillin was administered alone in 75% of the cases and in combination with an aminoglycoside in 25%. Dosage was 240 mg/kg/24 h in three intravenous infusions in adults and in children older than 3 months, and 75 to 225 mg/kg/24 h in two intravenous injections in neonates and prematures. The duration of treatment varied according to the site of infection, with a mean of 10 days. One-hundred and eight pathogenic organisms were isolated, including 114 strains of Pseudomonas, 43 of which were carbenicillin-resistant. A satisfactory clinical response was observed in 86.5% of the infections. The bacteriological response was similar to the clinical response, with 76.6% cures, 10% improvements and 13.5% failures. Microbiologically, 77.5% of the germs were eradicated, 7.5% reappeared and 15% persisted. Azlocillin was well tolerated systemically and biochemically and had no detrimental effect on renal function. PMID- 6231601 TI - [Role of azlocillin in the treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa otitis in children]. AB - From May, 1978 to October, 1983, 88 children with otitis due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa were seen at Paediatric Unit E.N.T. consultation of the University Hospital of Tours. Epidemiologically, it is worth mentioning that the majority of these infections was not of nosocomial origin: 56 children were infected outside the hospital and 26 during their stay in hospital; 3 neonates were referred directly from the Maternity Unit. Most strains of Ps. aeruginosa, with various serotypes, were sensitive to azlocillin. Twenty-four children received a systemic treatment required by their local or general condition. Azlocillin was used in 24 cases on the basis of positive sensitivity tests and was occasionally combined with topical treatment using antiseptics or the antibiotic itself. Or the 3 failures observed, 2 were due to acquired resistance to azlocillin and 1 to chronic otitis. An incomplete result was obtained in a case of otitis externa caused by a strain of intermediate sensitivity. The remaining 19 cases were cured, including 3 neonates with otitis externa or media, 1 child with otitis externa, 1 with combined otitis externa and media, 10 with otitis media, usually protracted, 2 with mastoiditis medically cured and 1 with superinfection following mastoidectomy for cholesteatoma. Secretions dried up within 3 to 4 days and treatment was discontinued after clinical cure was obtained in 9 to 19 days. Fever, which was present in 7 cases, abated within 2 to 8 days. The only relapse that occurred, one month after treatment of an otitis media, responded to a second course of azlocillin. PMID- 6231602 TI - [Azlocillin treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa bronchopulmonary infections in children with cystic fibrosis]. AB - From April, 1980 to December, 1981 ten children aged from 2 to 14 years presenting with cystic fibrosis were admitted to hospital for exacerbation of their chronic bronchial infection. Mucous Pseudomonas aeruginosa was present in sputum. Seven of the 10 strains isolated were susceptible to azlocillin and 3 were classified as intermediate. Eight children were treated with azlocillin alone in doses of 200-300 mg/kg/day and two with combined azlocillin 300 mg/kg/day and amikacin 16 and 23 mg/kg/day respectively. In both groups the antibiotics were administered 8-hourly by short (30 min) intravenous infusions and the duration of treatment ranged from 8 to 21 days (mean 14 days). Both drugs were well tolerated. Antibacterial activity was assessed as "cure" when Pseudomonas could not be isolated in sputum for at least 2 weeks after the end of the treatment, as "relapse" when that organism reappeared in sputum within the same period of time, and as "failure" when it persisted in sputum. On this account, among the 8 children treated with azlocillin alone 3 were cured, one relapsed and 4 failed. One of the two children treated with the azlocillin amikacin association was cured, the other failed. Clinical results correlated roughly with antibacterial activity. Five distinct improvements were observed: 2 were associated with bacteriological cure, 2 with transient eradication followed by relapse and 1 occurred although the responsible organism persisted in bronchial secretions. Two children showed poor clinical results; 2 with failure and 1 with bacteriological cure. In two other children treatment was ineffective both clinically and bacteriologically. This study confirms that high parenteral doses of azlocillin have a beneficial effect on exacerbations with Ps. aeruginosa of chronic bronchial infection in cystic fibrosis. Clinical improvement usually correlates with antibacterial activity when the organism is eliminated, even temporarily, from bronchial secretions. The synergistic azlocillin-aminoglycoside association should probably be recommended, at least to reduce the risk of emergence of resistant strains. PMID- 6231603 TI - [Monotherapy of Pseudomonas aeruginosa septicemia with azlocillin]. AB - Azlocillin was administered alone to seven patients without malignant or blood disease presenting with septicaemia caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In 6 cases the infection developed after surgery and in 3 of these it was responsible for a state of shock, twice associated with acute anuric renal failure. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of azlocillin varied from 2 to 32 micrograms/ml; 5 strains were resistant to carbenicillin. The minimum inhibitory to minimum bactericidal concentrations ratio, measured on five occasions, was equal to 2. Bacterial eradication was obtained in 6 patients. One patient with multivisceral failure died during treatment and in this case the responsible organism had become resistant to azlocillin. PMID- 6231604 TI - [Pseudomonas aeruginosa meningitis treated with azlocillin. 5 cases]. AB - Prior to the introduction of new beta-lactam antibiotics, such as ureidopenicillins and some third generation cephalosporins, the choice of antibiotics for the treatment of meningitis caused by Ps. aeruginosa was limited, and even now, this infection remains of poor prognosis. Five patients with meningitis, aged from 18 to 75 years, were treated with azlocillin. The strains of Ps. aeruginosa isolated were all sensitive to azlocillin, the zones of inhibition being greater than 20 mm in diameter with bacteriostatic concentrations. Azlocillin was administered 8-hourly by intravenous injection in doses of 30 g/day in 3 cases and 15 g/day in 2 cases. The mean duration of treatment was 33 days (range 23-50 days). In addition to azlocillin 4 patients received an aminoglycoside (tobramycin or amikacin) parenterally and, in one case, intrathecally. Four patients underwent a surgical operation on the focus of infection between the 9th and 13th days of treatment. In 3 of these 4 patients surgery was necessary to obtain apyrexia, but in all cases the CSF was already sterile when it was performed. The outcome was favourable in all 5 cases. One patient relapsed on 4 occasions due to persistent petrous bone fistula; each time, the azlocillin treatment was reinstituted and brought about clinical and bacteriological cure. The germ was eradicated in CSF on the 3rd day of treatment in 3 patients and on the 7th day in one. One patient developed transient eosinophilia and another, transient neutropenia after 30 days. It is concluded that azlocillin, associated with an aminoglycoside, is an active and effective antibiotic for the treatment of Ps. aeruginosa meningitis. PMID- 6231605 TI - [Role of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in infection in burn patients]. AB - The regular finding of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Burns Units has always been a source of worries. Following a brief review of the natural history of this micro organism, the authors examine all possible therapeutic measures. They underline the importance of measures aimed at controlling environmental and epidemiological factors and at improving surveillance. These measures, together with baths, topical applications of antibacterial agents and prophylactic vaccination and serotherapy tend to circumscribe the infection. When therapeutic measures are not as effective as expected and natural defences collapse, sepsis develops with clinical features that male diagnosis uneasy. The conditions in which antibiotics are given are peculiar in burned patients, and the therapeutic approach to Pseudomonas infections is particularly difficult in such cases. PMID- 6231606 TI - [Role of azlocillin in the treatment of Pseudomonas urinary infections]. AB - Ten cases of urinary tract infection (6 acute and 3 relapsing) treated with azlocillin are reported. Nine patients had a history of urinary tract catheterization or in-dwelling catheter and 6 had previously undergone surgery. Prior to receiving azlocillin, 6 of the patients had been unsuccessfully treated with other antibiotics. Renal function was altered in 6 cases. Azlocillin was administered intravenously in doses of 5 grams three times or twice a day for periods ranging from 8 days (in 2 cases) to 26 days. The antibiotic was given alone in all but 2 cases where it was associated with amikacin. Excellent clinical and bacteriological results were obtained in 9 of the 10 cases, with only one failure. No local, systemic or biochemical side-effect was recorded. Bacteriological results were most satisfactory. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of azlocillin were lower than those of carbenicillin in all cases. Sensitivity of azlocillin was even good in 3 and intermediate in 2 of the 5 cases where Pseudomonas was indifferent or resistant to carbenicillin. In spite of the small number of cases in this series, these results indicate that azlocillin ranks among antibiotics that are effective in urinary tract infections due to Pseudomonas. PMID- 6231607 TI - [Use of azlocillin in the treatment of Pseudomonas bronchopulmonary infections]. AB - Eleven patients with severe bronchopulmonary infection due to Pseudomonas were treated with azlocillin in doses of 250 mg/kg/day. Severe preexisting respiratory diseases, such as bronchopulmonary carcinoma, bronchiectasis or respiratory insufficiency were present in all cases. All patients had been unsuccessfully treated with various antibiotics before they received azlocillin. The pathogenicity of the isolates was assessed by germ counts in sputum. Comparative in vitro sensitivities to carbenicillin and azlocillin were determined by the disc method and by measurement of the minimum inhibitory concentrations in liquid medium. All strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated were sensitive to azlocillin with minimum inhibitory concentrations of 0.5 to 64 micrograms/ml. When tested against carbenicillin, 4 of the strains were resistant and 1 had intermediate sensitivity. The carbenicillin/azlocillin minimum inhibitory concentrations ratio was usually equal to 4. Clinical results were satisfactory in 7 cases; inadequate response or failure was observed in 4 cases and attributed to the replacement of Pseudomonas by another pathogen (Proteus morganii or Klebsiella pneumoniae). This study suggests that azlocillin is of value in the treatment of bronchopulmonary infections caused by Ps. aeruginosa. PMID- 6231608 TI - [Benign intracranial hypertension]. PMID- 6231609 TI - [Congenital toxoplasmosis. Tolerability of the sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine combination. 24 cases]. AB - The pyrimethamine-sulfadoxine combination, active against acute toxoplasmosis in the mouse, was administered to 24 children with congenital toxoplasmosis in doses of 500 mg sulfadoxine and 25 mg pyrimethamine per 20 kg bodyweight once every fortnight. The drug appeared to be as effective as other sulfonamide pyrimethamine combinations. It was generally well tolerated and was withdrawn in only 3 patients on account of minor side-effects. Giving pyrimethamine sulfadoxine together with folinic acid is a much simpler treatment of congenital toxoplasmosis than the usual ones. PMID- 6231610 TI - [Localization of pheochromocytomas by scintigraphy with meta-iodobenzyl guanidine. Comparison with computed x-ray tomography]. AB - Meta-iodobenzylguanidine was synthesized, radiolabelled with I 131 or I 123 and injected to 28 controls and 7 patients totalling 13 foci of pheochromocytoma. The tumour was located in one adrenal gland in 3 cases, in both adrenal glands in 1 case, and between the aorta and the vena cava in 1 case; 2 were malignant with metastases. Scintigraphy was negative in all controls, whereas all pheochromocytomas were clearly demonstrated 24 h after injection, except one regarded as non functional due to necrosis. By comparison, CT readily showed the tumour in 7 cases, showed it only thanks to scintigraphic guidance in 4 cases and failed in 2 cases. It is concluded that scintigraphy with meta iodobenzylguanidine provides a safe and reliable means of locating a wide range of pheochromocytomas. PMID- 6231611 TI - [Long-term survival of patients operated on for primary bronchial cancers (excluding anaplastic cancers)]. AB - The results of a retrospective study of patients operated upon for primary bronchial carcinoma (small-cell type excluded) are reported. The survival rates of 1285 patients who underwent tumoral excision between 1960 and 1973 were calculated by the actuarial method after exclusion of post-operative deaths. The overall survivals at 5 years' intervals were 31%, 18%, 11% and 8%. The excess mortality due to cancer was significant up to 15 years. Among 159 patients who survived for more than 10 years, relapses or new growths, sometimes amenable to surgical treatment, were relatively common. The cardiorespiratory status, living conditions and social rehabilitation of 149 patients who survived for more than 5 years showed good adaptation in most cases. The long-term prognosis was unrelated to age, sex or side of the tumour. The influence of the histological type depended on differentiation. Among surgical operations, lobectomy had the best prognosis. In patients who had simple pneumonectomy there was no significant difference between pneumonectomies performed on account of tumour of the main bronchus and the others. The place of enlarged pneumonectomy is defined. Of paramount importance for survival are the T.N.M. classification (UICC coding modified by Renault in 1975) and Carr's grading into 3 stages of increasing severity, notably the size and site of the tumour (T1 to T3) and the presence of pedicular or mediastinal lymph node involvement (N1-N2-N3). Early diagnosis is essential. Prospective studies involving several parameters (especially treatments combined with surgery) appear to be needed. PMID- 6231612 TI - [Anaphylactic shock to celery and sensitization to ragweed and mugwort. Crossed or concomitant allergy?]. AB - Two cases of anaphylactoid reaction from hypersensitivity to celery are reported. The two patients were also allergic to ragweed and mugwort pollen. The RAST inhibition test suggested slight cross-allergenicity between celery and mugwort pollen. The common allergenic factor could have been the alpha-methylene gamma butyrolactone group. PMID- 6231613 TI - [Digital angiography. 1st evaluation of 1000 tests]. AB - The authors report their experience of 1 000 examinations using digital subtraction angiography. The technique is particularly well suited to the study of the thoraco-abdominal aorta and its main branches. It is about 80% reliable for the exploration of cervico-encephalic vessels and somewhat less reliable for the vertebro-basilar territory. It is usually convenient for the study of the renal arteries: investigations for reno-vascular hypertension can now be carried out in one session beginning with angiography and ending with urography. Digital subtraction angiography is also very useful in the assessment of vascular surgery, whatever the area involved or the type of operation, and for the study of pulmonary vessels, notably when looking for pulmonary emboli. Digital subtraction arteriography is undoubtedly superior to conventional arteriography. Its impact remains to be determined, but is avoids the drawbacks of the venous route. Its present limitations are of a technical nature: the intensifying screen is too small so that the examination must proceed by segments, hence the need for repeated doses of contrast medium the dangers of which must be borne in mind when digital subtraction angiography is contemplated. On the other hand, this technique has obvious economical advantages: examinations can be performed in out patients and substantial savings can be made on the number of films. PMID- 6231614 TI - [Pelvic peritonization with a polyglactin 910 mesh]. AB - The authors, who have a long experience of polyglactin 910 mesh advocate its use for pelvic peritonization in two different situations and with two different techniques. The "lower controlled peritonization" technique aims at obtaining rapid and satisfactory healing of the peritoneum in wide resections or resections in high risk patients. The "upper controlled peritonization" technique creates a "hammock" across the upper pelvic inlet, thus protecting intestinal loops against post-operative irradiations. PMID- 6231615 TI - [Recovery of intestinal transit in digestive surgery. Homeopathic action of opium]. PMID- 6231616 TI - [Invasive aspergillar pneumopathy in chronic respiratory insufficiency]. PMID- 6231617 TI - [Cerebral lymphoma, a complication of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome]. PMID- 6231618 TI - [Primary amenorrhea caused by primary hypothalamic insufficiency. Ovulation induction and pregnancy after pulsatile administration of gonadotropin releasing hormone by a programmed pump]. PMID- 6231619 TI - [An unusual case of bilateral fatigue fracture of the astragalus. New data on fatigue fractures]. PMID- 6231620 TI - [Confirmation of the existence of an unknown crystallized compound in pancreatic calculi]. PMID- 6231621 TI - [Prevention of graft-versus-host disease. Elimination of T-lymphocytes from bone marrow cells by complement-dependent cytolysis with a combination of pan-T monoclonal antibodies]. PMID- 6231622 TI - [Use of an implantable system permitting permanent access to the vessels, peritoneum and meninges. Preliminary results in 17 cancer patients]. PMID- 6231623 TI - [Acute, syncopal auriculo-ventricular block in Lyme disease]. PMID- 6231624 TI - [Interprostatorectal cleavage]. PMID- 6231625 TI - [Intramural pseudodiverticulosis of the esophagus]. PMID- 6231626 TI - [Relation between alcoholism and psychopathology]. PMID- 6231627 TI - [Parkinson's disease. Retrospective study of 302 clinical case records]. AB - This retrospective study of the case-records of 302 patients with Parkinson's disease shows that the condition begins earlier in males and that loss of weight during the first years of the disease is of poor prognosis. It also provides some arguments in favour of low-dosage L-dopa and suggests that no time should be wasted in administering this treatment. PMID- 6231629 TI - [Cerebral abscesses disclosing pulmonary angioma. Rendu-Osler disease]. AB - A 50-year old male patient presented with two successive cerebral abscesses over a 9-month period. Rendu-Osler-Weber disease was diagnosed on the basis of recurrent epistaxis and telangiectasis of the mucosae and skin. In addition, many members of the patient's family had a history of epistaxis and one had a cerebral angioma of unusual location. Our patient's chest was normal on physical and radiological examination, but pulmonary angiography disclosed a small angioma. Removal of the angioma prevented further cerebral infections. The prevalence of pulmonary arterio-venous fistulae in Rendu-Osler-Weber disease and their clinical manifestations (especially in the central nervous system) are reviewed, together with the value of family studies and the therapeutic approach. PMID- 6231628 TI - [Gougerot-Sjogren's syndrome. Clinical and biological correlations with the serology of Yersinia infections]. AB - An unusual case of Sjogren's syndrome (SS) induced or revealed by a Yersinia pseudotuberculosis serotype IV infection has prompted the authors to undertake a retrospective study of 32 patients with that syndrome. High titers of antibodies to Y. pseudotuberculosis serotype IV (greater than 1/200 th) were found in 4 patients with primary Sjogren's syndrome and Sharp's syndrome. Seven other patients (5 with primary Sjogren's syndrome, 1 with systemic lupus erythematosus and 1 with Sharp's syndrome) had positive serology with low titres, of doubtful significance. Serology was negative in the 20 remaining patients. Nine out of 25 patients had anti-thyroid antibodies, and their relationship with positive Y. pseudotuberculosis IV serology is discussed. The responsibility of the infection in the induction or disclosure of Sjogren's syndrome may be considered. However, since the syndrome frequently develops before serology becomes positive (8/12 cases with a 1 to 6 years' follow-up), an alternative hypothesis would be that diminished digestive defences in Sjogren's syndrome result in an increased frequency of Yersinia infections. PMID- 6231630 TI - [The plantar flap in reconstructive surgery of the foot]. AB - The plantar flap is a sensory skin flap fed by the lateral plantar artery. It is taken from the instep of the plantar vault and therefore has no functional consequences. It is particularly useful to resurface heel defects. PMID- 6231631 TI - [Left intraventricular thrombus. Necessity and limitations of the echocardiographic examination]. PMID- 6231632 TI - [Pericardial calcifications. The initial sign of asbestosis]. PMID- 6231633 TI - [Bidirectional flow in a healthy coronary vascular network]. PMID- 6231634 TI - [Rare association of urticaria and Basedow's disease]. PMID- 6231635 TI - [Anomalies of serotonin in early pediatric psychoses. Therapeutic trial of fenfluramine]. PMID- 6231636 TI - [Herpes zoster gastritis associated with Hodgkin's disease]. PMID- 6231637 TI - [Effect of hemodialysis on plasma levels of nifedipine]. PMID- 6231638 TI - [Ankylosing spondylarthritis. Early detection by electrocardiographic anomalies]. PMID- 6231639 TI - [Association of auricular arrhythmias with malignant thoracic tumors]. PMID- 6231640 TI - [Treatment of addisonian encephalopathy. The appearance of abdomino-crural contracture]. PMID- 6231642 TI - Triggering of the T3-Ti antigen-receptor complex results in clonal T-cell proliferation through an interleukin 2-dependent autocrine pathway. AB - Human T-cell clones and anti-T-cell-receptor antibodies (clonotypic) directed at surface receptors for antigen (T3-Ti molecular complex) as well as anti interleukin 2 (IL-2) and anti-IL-2-receptor antibodies were utilized to investigate the mechanism by which alloantigens or antigen plus self-major histocompatibility complex (MHC) (i.e., physiologic ligand) trigger specific clonal proliferation. Soluble or Sepharose-bound anti-Ti monoclonal antibodies, like physiologic ligand, enhanced proliferative responses to purified IL-2 by inducing a 6-fold increase in surface IL-2 receptor expression. In contrast, only Sepharose-bound anti-Ti or physiologic ligand triggered endogenous clonal IL-2 production and resulted in subsequent proliferation. The latter was blocked by antibodies directed at either the IL-2 receptor or IL-2 itself. These results suggest that induction of IL-2 receptor expression but not IL-2 release occurs in the absence of T3-Ti receptor cross-linking. Perhaps more importantly, the findings demonstrate that antigen-induced proliferation is mediated through an autocrine pathway involving endogenous IL-2 production, release, and subsequent binding to IL-2 receptors. PMID- 6231641 TI - Autodigestion of lexA and phage lambda repressors. AB - Proteolytic cleavage of lexA repressor is an early step in derepression of the SOS regulatory system of Escherichia coli. In vivo and in vitro data have indicated a role for recA protein in this specific proteolytic reaction. I show here that, under certain conditions, specific in vitro cleavage of highly purified lexA protein can take place in the absence of recA protein. This autodigestion reaction cleaved the same alanine-glycine bond as did the recA dependent cleavage reaction. Several lines of evidence argued that it was not due to a contaminating protease activity. Autodigestion was stimulated by alkaline pH. It occurred in the presence of EDTA but was stimulated several fold by the presence of Ca2+, Co2+, or Mg2+. The reaction appeared to be first-order, and its rate was independent of protein concentration over a wide range, strongly suggesting that it is intramolecular. Purified phage lambda repressor also broke down under similar conditions to yield products like those resulting from recA protein action. Phage lambda repressor broke down at a far slower rate than did lexA, as previously observed in the recA-catalyzed in vitro reaction and in vivo. This correlation between the two types of cleavage also extended to the reactions with mutant repressor proteins; taken together with the site specificity, it suggests that autodigestion and recA-dependent cleavage follow, at least in part, a similar reaction pathway. These findings indicate that specific cleavage of lexA protein can be catalyzed by the protein itself and suggest that recA protein plays an indirect stimulatory role, perhaps as an allosteric effector, in the recA-dependent reaction, rather than acting directly as a protease. The protease active site and the recA-recognition site lie in the central or COOH-terminal portion of the lexA protein, since a tryptic fragment containing these portions of lexA protein could take part in both reactions. PMID- 6231644 TI - Effect of histamine receptor agonists and antagonists on the uterine vasculature. AB - Histamine H1 and H2 receptors are known to exist in uterine smooth muscle; however, neither receptor has been clearly identified in the uterine vasculature. In the present study, 12 nonpregnant ewes were chronically instrumented with catheters in the carotid artery, jugular vein, uterine arteries, and electromagnetic flow probes on the uterine arteries for continuous measurement of uterine blood flow. Dose response curves were determined for bolus injections of Histamine (1-10 micrograms), the H1 receptor agonist 2PEA (10-100 micrograms), and the H2 receptor agonist Dimaprit (30-300 micrograms) before H1 receptor blockade with pyrilamine, following H1 receptor blockade, and following H2 receptor blockade with metiamide. Uterine vasodilator responses to histamine and 2PEA were essentially abolished by pyrilamine, while responses to dimaprit were not altered. Following addition of metiamide, responses to histamine were reduced further and responses to dimaprit were abolished. Baseline uterine blood flow was not altered by either H1 or H2 receptor blockade or their combination. Intraarterial bolus injections of the mast cell histamine-releasing compound 48/80 (100-1000 micrograms) had no effect on uterine blood flow. These experiments demonstrate that the uterine vasculature of the ovine contains almost exclusively H1 receptors, does not contain compound 48/80 sensitive mast cells and is not dependent upon endogenous histamine to maintain blood flow. PMID- 6231643 TI - Formation of IgE-binding factors by human T-cell hybridomas. AB - Normal human T cells that proliferated in the presence of interleukin 2 (IL-2) formed IgE-binding factors when incubated with human IgE. These cells were then fused with a mutant of the human T-cell line CEM. Incubation of five hybridomas with human IgE or culture of the cells in IgE-coated wells resulted in the formation of IgE-binding factors. One hour of incubation with 10 micrograms of human IgE per ml was sufficient to induce the hybridomas to form IgE-binding factors. Polymerized IgE was much more efficient than monomeric IgE for the induction of the factor formation. As little as 10 ng of IgE dimer per ml was sufficient to induce factor formation. The IgE-binding factors produced by the hybridomas bound to human IgE-coated Sepharose and were recovered from the beads by elution at acid pH. The factors had low affinity for rat IgE but failed to bind to human IgG. The IgE-binding factors formed by four hybridomas had a Mr between 25,000 and 30,000, whereas one hybridoma formed IgE-binding factors of Mr 30,000 and Mr 15,000. The IgE-binding formed by all of the hybridomas had affinity for concanavalin A, indicating that the factors are glycoproteins. PMID- 6231645 TI - Influence of restraint and ketamine anesthesia on adrenal steroids, progesterone, and gonadotropins in rhesus monkeys. AB - Changes in gonadotropins, progesterone, cortisol, DHA, and DHAS were monitored in 10 female rhesus monkeys (Days 20-23 of the menstrual cycle) subjected to cage restraint with or without ketamine anesthesia for successive venipunctures. All animals were bled without sedation for 2 hr at 30-min intervals. Then 4 of the animals were anesthetized with ketamine-HCl and bleedings in all animals were continued for an additional 2.5 hr. FSH and progesterone were not appreciably affected by either restraint technique. LH declined steadily for the duration of the bleedings (P less than 0.05). Serum levels of cortisol and the adrenal androgens increased twofold (P less than 0.05). Anesthesia with ketamine had no effect on any of the six variables when compared with saline controls. Cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHA) levels tended to plateau (P less than 0.01) after 2 hr in both treated and control groups. In contrast, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHAS) levels increased continuously throughout the entire study period. These data indicate that ketamine anesthesia does not alter endocrine responses to venipuncture when administered following cage restraint of conscious animals. These findings further confirm the difficulties in obtaining estimates of basal levels of hormones which are responsive to stress and suggest that the first sample may provide the best estimate. PMID- 6231646 TI - Modulation of Fc gamma receptors on I cells and monocytes by 15 hydroperoxyeicosatetranoic acid. AB - We investigated the effects of the 15-lipoxygenase products, 15 hydroperoxyeicosatetranoic acid (15 HPETE) and 15 hydroxyeicosatetranoic acid (15 HETE) on Fc gamma receptor expression on human T cells and monocytes. Incubation of these cells with 15 HPETE but not 15 HETE results in a shift to decreased density of Fc gamma receptors on the cell surface. PMID- 6231647 TI - p-Chlorophenylalanine alters pacing of copulation in female rats. AB - When tested in apparatus that allowed them to determine their contacts with conspecifics, including sexually active male rats, estrogen- and progesterone treated female rats systemically treated with para-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA), a tryptophan hydroxylase inhibitor, showed reduced frequency of coital contacts and reduced duration of interactions with sexually active males. PCPA administration did not alter contacts with noncopulating males or other females nor did treated females differ from controls in ability to display lordosis or posing, both stereotyped behaviors characteristic of female rats in behavioral estrus. It is suggested that the alteration of temporal pacing of copulation in the PCPA treated females is a result of drug-induced changes in the processing of exteroceptive stimuli. PMID- 6231648 TI - Effect of pelvic tilt on standing posture. AB - Low back dysfunction is associated in many cases with lumbar lordosis, and tilting the pelvis posteriorly is often recommended for therapeutic purposes. The influence of pelvic tilt on the spinal curves has not been studied. The purpose of this study was to use an objective noninvasive method to determine the effect of the pelvic tilt on the spinal curves in the sagittal plane. Thirty-two healthy subjects and 15 patients with chronic low back dysfunction (CLBD) were studied. Patients with CLBD and healthy subjects were instructed in performing active anterior and posterior pelvic tilt maneuvers, first in the supine and then in the standing position. Comparisons between the Patient Group and the Healthy Group were made for several variables representing the severity of spinal curves, pelvic orientation, hip orientation, and knee orientation. A computerized system, the Iowa Anatomical Position System, was used to obtain coordinates of external body surface landmarks from which pelvic tilt measurements were determined. The results showed that the voluntary pelvic tilt did not alter the thoracic spinal curve. For both the Healthy Group and the Patient Group, the lumbar curve was altered by the pelvic tilt: anterior tilt increased the depth of the lumbar curve and posterior tilt decreased the depth of the lumbar curve. The amount of pelvic tilt was the same whether knees were extended or flexed approximately 10 degrees. Pelvic tilt also tended to influence the orientation of the head and other parts of the body. PMID- 6231649 TI - Absence of increased cardiac voltage and the importance of Q vectors for the diagnosis of left ventricular hypertrophy in early stages of hypertension in patients over 40 years of age. AB - The quantitative VCG criteria (VCGer) for left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and their diagnostic power were determined in 165 hypertensive men and 86 women over 40 years of age without congestive cardiac failure in comparison with 91 normal men and 108 normal women. The patients were grouped according to the presence or absence of LVH determined by X-ray (men: 96 without and 69 with LVH, women: 41 without and 45 with LVH). The proper statistical methods were used taking into account whether their distributions were symmetrical or asymmetrical. We found some sex differences of VCG criteria. The most striking results were the lack of increased voltage, and the great sensitivity of the orientation of Q vectors to the left (Q left). Q left may be induced by: 1. a septal hypertrophy, alone or accompanied by a hypertrophy of the anterior and posterior paraseptal regions of LV wall, 2. by a subendocardial ischemia at these levels induced by the increase of intraventricular pressure, 3. by possible spatial change of the septum, 4. by all these factors acting synchronously, 5. by other, unknown factors. These VCGcr for LVH found by us are different from those in the literature, but they are valid in Romania. PMID- 6231650 TI - Replication defective RP4 plasmids recovered after chromosomal integration. AB - pHH6000 is a composite replicon made by the in vitro ligation of the IncP plasmid RP4 to a fragment of bacteriophage lambda capable of autonomous replication. Derivatives were selected in which it had integrated into the Escherichia coli chromosome by homologous recombination with the resident lambda prophage, and plasmids were subsequently regenerated from the integrated molecules. Although of the same molecular size as pHH6000, all had altered properties: those recovered from the chromosome of cells simultaneously carrying a distinguishable autonomous IncP plasmid showed a 100- to 1000-fold reduction in their ability to become established in a lambda lysogen; those regenerated from cells with no autonomous IncP plasmid were no longer RP4 replicons, now being dependent on replication functions encoded by the lambda DNA they carry and therefore unable to form a plasmid in a lambda lysogen. This second class of plasmids still exhibited normal RP4 incompatibility and stability even though neither property is encoded by the lambda replicator DNA. It was concluded that expression of RP4 incompatibility and partitioning control do not require an intact RP4 replicon. The data also suggest that the presence in the chromosome of a normal RP4 molecule may be deleterious to the host, although the manner in which the integrated molecules were obtained allows other explanations. The composite plasmids replicating from cloned lambda genes should be useful in analysis of the regulated distribution of RP4 molecules at cell division. PMID- 6231651 TI - Dermatologic problems in athletes. AB - The dermatologic problems observed in athletes are related to their skin type, age, sex, sporting activities, environment, and hereditary factors. The most common dermatologic problems are acne; bacterial, fungal, and viral infections; infestations, and contact dermatitis. The dermatologic conditions that exclude an athlete from participating in the sporting event are infectious disorders. Early recognition and treatment of these skin diseases permit the athlete to continue participation without disability or reduced performance. PMID- 6231652 TI - [Stiff man syndrome]. AB - Our 51-year old patient developed low back pain and an increase of tonus mainly in the left limb and trunk muscles. Microscopic examination of the muscles and electronmicroscopic examination of the sural nerve and that of the gastronemic muscle did not show any specific deviation. On the basis of spontaneous activity observed during EMG examination, protracted motor activity of great amplitude when moved passively, as well as characteristic clinical symptoms and the disease process Stiff-man syndrome was diagnosed. Considering literature data, we tried applying diazepam (Seduxen and Rivotril)-presumably increasing the praesynaptic inhibition and affecting the reticular system of the brain stem-, as well as GABA medicaments (Lioresal and Depakine) increasing synaptic transport. By giving Seduxen, Rivotril and Baclofen simultaneously a lasting remission of symptoms could be reached. Applying Depakine in combination with the above medicines proved ineffective, presumably because of synergetic side effects. PMID- 6231653 TI - [Action of radiation on cell interactions in the phenomenon of nonsyngeneic stem cell inactivation. Quantitative parameters of the regulating effect of B lymphocytes]. AB - Quantitative regularities have been revealed in the regulatory action of B lymphocytes from mouse lymph nodes on killer activity of T-lymphocytes of low electrophoretic motility. It was shown that the radiation-induced changes in the mode of action of B-lymphocytes may be attributed to a decrease in the number of active cells. PMID- 6231654 TI - Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of the aorta. Light and electron microscopic observations in normal and atherosclerotic rabbits. AB - Histological changes which developed after percutaneous transluminal angioplasty in normal and atherosclerotic rabbit aortas were correlated with balloon size and inflation time. In normal rabbits, progressive changes were observed in the intima and media with increasing balloon size and inflation time. The atherosclerotic aortas exhibited unpredictable fragility, with limited correlation between histological changes, balloon size, and inflation time, attributable mainly to the distribution and thickness of plaques. In atherosclerotic vessels, the mechanism of angioplasty consisted of plaque dehiscence and fracture, followed by overstretching of the plaque-free wall segments. No plaque compression was observed. PMID- 6231655 TI - Percutaneous recanalization of an occluded renal artery and delayed ethanol ablation of the kidney resulting in control of hypertension. AB - An elderly woman presented with severe hypertension related to a renin producing kidney supplied only by collaterals. Recanalization of the artery to this kidney leads to incomplete blood pressure control. Subsequently, percutaneous, selective ethanol infusion ablated the kidney and lead to good control. This two-step approach allowed both evaluation of function and definitive, non-surgical therapy. PMID- 6231656 TI - Aspirin inhibition of platelet deposition at angioplasty sites: demonstration by platelet scintigraphy. AB - In-111 platelet scintigraphy was used to evaluate the effects of prior aspirin administration on the accumulation of In-111-labeled autologous platelets at sites of arterial injury resulting from iliac, femoral, or popliteal transluminal angioplasty in a nonrandomized study of 17 men. The degree of platelet localization at angioplasty sites was significantly less in nine men who had received aspirin in varying doses within the 4 days before angioplasty than in eight men who had not received aspirin for at least two weeks. Our results suggest that aspirin treatment before angioplasty limits the early platelet deposition at the angioplasty site in men. PMID- 6231658 TI - The facet syndrome. AB - The author recognizes that many questions about the facet joints as a cause of low back pain are unanswered, and he urges the establishment of a set of criteria for patient selection and standardization of technical details so that a randomized cross-over study could be conducted to determine the contribution of facet joints to back pain. PMID- 6231657 TI - Gamma camera energy windows for Tc-99m bone scintigraphy: effect of asymmetry on contrast resolution. Work in progress. AB - By raising the lower threshold of the Tc-99m energy window, rejection of scattered photons can be made more efficient. Unfortunately, with most gamma cameras significant nonuniformities are produced when the window is changed to an asymmetric setting. Recently introduced designs with gain stabilization of the photomultiplier tubes and improved energy correction maintain field uniformity even for an asymmetric window. To assess the impact of an asymmetric energy window on clinical images, 33 Tc-99m-MDP scintigrams of the lumbar spine were taken with symmetrical (126-154 keV) and asymmetric windows (135-154 keV). Bone:soft tissue ratios improved with the asymmetric window, and the resulting images were preferred by the physicians questioned. PMID- 6231659 TI - Sexual assault near hospital: workers comp. Case in point: Miller v. Johns Hopkins Hospital (469 A. 2d 466 - MD). PMID- 6231660 TI - [Fate of mentally ill, handicapped and aged persons in the occupied Bialystok region]. PMID- 6231661 TI - [Angioplasty of the renal arteries. Our experience with a 12-month follow-up]. AB - We have treated 56 stenoses of renal arteries in 50 patients in which a renin assay indicated renovascular hypertension. In this paper we refer only to 40 cases of renal arteries angioplasty in 37 patients (3 cases of bilateral stenoses) with a clinical follow-up of 12 months. 25 lesions were of arteriosclerotic nature, while 15 were due to fibromuscular displasia. Results demonstrated that angioplasty resolved hypertensive conditions (either with or without medical therapy) in 82% of the cases of arteriosclerotic lesions and in 86% of the stenoses due to fibromuscular displasia. Although extremely rare, the complications that may occur with this procedure are very serious (arterial rupture, acute thrombosis, peripheral embolization). Out of utmost importance is a close collaboration with a vascular surgeon. Without doubt angioplasty will bring about radical changes in the preparation of therapeutical protocol and in some selected cases to improve renal function. PMID- 6231662 TI - [Traumatic rupture of the corpora cavernosa]. PMID- 6231663 TI - [Myasthenia gravis--surgical treatment (indications and results)]. PMID- 6231664 TI - [The Hartmann operation in cancer of the colon]. PMID- 6231665 TI - [The concomitance of ulcerative disease and biliary lithiasis]. PMID- 6231666 TI - [Sequelae of the Pean-Billroth I type of gastric resection for gastroduodenal ulcer]. PMID- 6231667 TI - [Clinical and therapeutic considerations on 4 cases of choledochal cyst]. PMID- 6231668 TI - [The relation between adenomatous gastric polyp and gastric cancer. Problems of diagnosis and treatment]. PMID- 6231669 TI - [Osteoma of the laparotomy scar]. PMID- 6231670 TI - [The atropine test in the assessment of brain death]. PMID- 6231671 TI - [Giant cell granulomatous mastitis]. PMID- 6231672 TI - [Desmoid tumors of the abdominal wall]. PMID- 6231673 TI - [Etiological aspects and therapeutic management of intrathoracic residual cavities]. PMID- 6231674 TI - [Aneurysms of vascular anastomoses. Methods of surgical treatment]. PMID- 6231675 TI - [Epiploic plombage in the treatment of posthydatid residual cavities]. PMID- 6231676 TI - [Resolution of chronic lateral instability of the ankle by ligamentoplasty (Lee Castaing tenodesis)]. PMID- 6231677 TI - [Technical stratagem in the surgical treatment of eventrations]. PMID- 6231678 TI - [Functional examination of the peripheral lymphatic system]. PMID- 6231679 TI - [Non-parasitic solitary cysts of the liver]. PMID- 6231680 TI - [Morphine as pivotal drug in total intravenous anesthesia]. PMID- 6231681 TI - [Arthroscopic meniscectomies. Short- and median-term results]. AB - Two hundred and forty arthroscopic meniscectomies have been performed between 1980 and 1982. One hundred and ninety-eight cases have been reviewed with a follow up of between 3 and 6 months and 101 cases were reviewed with a follow up of between 6 months and 2 years. On eight occasions the arthroscopy had to be completed by an arthrotomy and one of these became septic. No sepsis was observed in the absence of arthrotomy. Three cases of phlebitis and one haemarthrosis were seen. Social and functional rehabilitation was very rapid. The stay in hospital was 2 days and resumption of sport and work was 2 or 3 times more rapid than after meniscectomy by arthrotomy. The results were excellent or good in 85 p. 100 of cases, slightly better than after arthrotomy. The prognosis was worse when there were patellar or tibio-femoral chondral lesions, and the results were not as good in lateral meniscus lesions, and particularly when there was an associated lesion of the anterior cruciate ligament. However, two patients out of three with this condition were noticeably improved. The remainder will possibly have a secondary repair of the anterior cruciate ligament. The present follow up is not sufficient to evaluate long-term results but the fact that meniscectomy was partial in 3 cases out of 4 supports the hope that the results will be stable. It is only later that it will be possible to evaluate the unobserved lesions or the incidence of recurrence. PMID- 6231682 TI - [Chronic anterior and internal instabilities of the knee. Treatment]. AB - The effective treatment of antero-medial instability aims to restore mobility which contra-indicates a long post-operative period of plaster cast immobilisation and a passive repair of the ligaments. Satisfactory techniques allow early mobilisation without the use of a plaster cast. They are difficult to perform and need precision. Lesions at the upper end of the medial ligament are best treated by a plastic procedure using the gracilis and lesions of the lower end by use of the semi tendinosus. It is particularly important to determine the precise position of the upper insertion of the medial ligament, to determine the ideal tension of the released ligaments and capsule, to fix the tendons through the bone and to avoid any plaster immobilisation. Walking without weight-bearing is allowed until the fifteenth day. The time off work was about 60 days. The results were satisfactory provided that the lesions were not too old and there were no lesions of the articular cartilage. Associated meniscus lesions were treated by partial resection or repair by suture. PMID- 6231683 TI - [Results and developmental complications of congenital dislocation of the hip treated at walking age by progressive orthopedic reduction and corrective osteotomy of the femoral axes. Study of 112 hips at the end of their growth]. AB - The authors have analysed the results of treatment of 112 congenitally dislocated hips at the end of growth. They had been treated at walking age by progressive reduction and femoral osteotomy. Any hips that required open reduction were excluded from the study. Over the years, the principles of treatment remain the same but the technique was improved. Most of the poor results were related to trophic or vascular complications. Satisfactory results were obtained in 84 p. 100 of cases. Improvements in technique suggest to the authors that better results may be expected in the future. PMID- 6231684 TI - [Surgical treatment of dislocated hips after 5 years of age]. AB - Fifty dislocated hips after the age of 5 were treated between 1975 and 1980. The surgical procedures performed combined tenotomy of the iliopsoas and adductor muscles, shortening of the femur, capsulorraphy and a pelvic osteotomy usually for re-orientation (Salter procedure) and rarely for widening of the acetabulum (Chiari procedure). It is thought that tenotomies and femoral shortening were more efficient than pre-operative traction which produced osteoporosis. However post-operative traction was used. In some cases plaster cast immobilisation was not used. The advantages of this technique were an acceleration of the surgical programme, better articular stability and early mobilisation. Osteochondritis and post operative stiffness were rare. The average range of movement included 90 degrees of flexion and lumbar balance was the most significantly improved factor. This type of surgical procedure aims to slow the development of coxarthrosis but it cannot diminish the risk. The limit of age for such treatment appears to be 10 years. After that, the indications need to be assessed carefully. PMID- 6231685 TI - [Effects of progressive lengthening on the growth cartilage. Value of measurement of the torque]. AB - The authors have studied the pressures exerted on the growth plate during 35 progressive lengthenings of the tibia. This pressure was assessed by an indirect method. The patients have been followed up for several years. There was a correlation between the pressure and the extent of growth later. The authors consider that this aspect should be carefully considered during the period of lengthening to avoid disturbance of future growth. PMID- 6231686 TI - [Fractures of the olecranon. Study of 200 cases]. AB - The authors have reviewed the results of 200 fractures of the olecranon; 177 were treated operatively. They conclude that the articular surface can only be restored by surgical treatment in most instances. Several types of internal fixation were used and compared. Double wiring appears to be the most efficient for the type of fracture. However, the use of screws or a combination of wiring and pinning are also worthwhile when done correctly. PMID- 6231687 TI - [Treatment of unstable fractures of the wrist using Hoffmann's external fixator. Study of a series of 40 cases]. AB - Forty cases of unstable fracture of the distal end of the radius were treated by distraction and fixation using a Hoffmann external fixator. Most of the fractures were both epiphyseal and metaphyseal. They were followed up for between 6 months and 4 years. The anatomical and functional results were generally good; the range of movement of the wrist and its strength were satisfactory. However 4 instances of secondary collapse of the bone could probably have been avoided by a cancellous bone graft. Two severe algodystrophies were observed. PMID- 6231688 TI - [Complete fracture-dislocation of thoracic vertebrae 8 and 9 without neurological complications. Description of the injury. Therapeutic deductions]. AB - The author has seen one case of complete fracture dislocation between the 8th and 9th thoracic vertebrae without paraplegia. An analysis of the lesion was made by tomodensitometry. It is concluded that the absence of a lesion of the spinal cord was due to an associated fracture of half of the posterior arch of the 8th thoracic vertebra. The treatment was based on conservative reduction and fixation by a halo cast. A review of the literature has shown only one similar case. PMID- 6231689 TI - [Epitrochleoplasty: a method for release and protection of the ulnar nerve at the elbow]. AB - The authors have modified the technique of excision of the medial epicondyle used in the course of release of the ulnar nerve. After excision of the epicondyle, a flap is made from the posterior band of the ulnar collateral ligament passing between the epicondyle and the olecranon, prolonged by the fibro-periosteal tissue covering the medial epicondyle. This flap is interposed between the nerve and the joint. This technique has been used on 10 occasions and seems to be superior to transposition of the nerve to the front of the medial epicondyle or to isolated excision of the medial epicondyle. PMID- 6231690 TI - [Phlebography after total prosthesis. Action of subcutaneous sodium heparin in the prevention of thromboembolism. Results of therapeutic research with subcutaneous sodium heparin using 2 protocols in 250 patients monitored with phlebography]. AB - Two series of patients on which total hip or knee prostheses had been inserted were studied. In the first series (150 cases), the patients were treated with low molecular Dextran and subcutaneous sodium heparin at a constant dosage. The Howell test was done every 3 days. The rate of post-operative thrombosis was 14 p. 100. In the second series (100 cases), the patients were treated with low molecular Dextran and subcutaneous sodium heparin with a variable dose adapted to the type of patient. The rate of post-operative thrombosis was only 7 p. 100. The insertion of a knee prosthesis was much more thrombogenic than hip prostheses. In the second series the rate of thrombosis after hip surgery was only 2 p. 100. However a number of complications relating to anticoagulation were a limiting factor of the method. PMID- 6231691 TI - [Treatment of fractures of the posterior axial arch. Results of 41 cases]. AB - The authors have treated 41 fractures of the neural arch of the axis without neurological impairment. Eleven cases were treated surgically and the remainder conservatively by traction for several weeks followed by cast immobilisation. Only one fracture failed to unite. In the surgical cases, an anterior interbody fusion was performed a few weeks after the accident. Thirty cases were followed up. The functional results were satisfactory in 27 and poor in three. The residual mobility of the neck was much better after conservative management with about two thirds range of normal movement both in the sagittal and horizontal planes. A study on cadavers showed that a displacement of up to 5 mm at the fracture site was compatible with good stability because the ligaments and the discs were normal. It is concluded that most cases should be treated conservatively and that surgical treatment should be given only to cases with considerable displacement, marked instability or in cases of non-union. PMID- 6231692 TI - [Tibial lengthening using Judet's method. Apropos of 108 cases in children]. AB - One hundred and eight tibial lengthenings were performed in 106 children using the technique and apparatus of R. and J. Judet. The average lengthening obtained was 43,7 mm with a maximum of 60 mm. In some cases, repeated lengthening obtained 98 mm. Bone union was sound after an average of 4 months. It took 5 months in 13 cases, and a secondary graft was necessary in only 5 cases. Only one non-union occurred, due to infection. It seems that the results obtained with this technique were better than those obtained after internal fixation following removal of the distractor. In 5 instances vascular impairment was seen with recovery in 3 cases, but necrosis of a toe and of the tibialis posterior muscle in 2 cases. In 17 instances neurological impairment was seen with 2 showing persistent anaesthesia and one a paralysis of the extensor hallucis longus. However mild neurological impairment was more frequent than was initially expected. In some cases, preexisting knee deformities were aggravated by the leg lengthening. Some deformities at the site of the lengthening were related to an incorrect position of the distractor or to a contracture of soft tissues. It may also be made worse by non-union of the fibula. These deformities may react on the ankle or the foot and may continue to worsen after the completion of lengthening due to subsequent disturbance of growth in 15 p. 100 of cases. PMID- 6231693 TI - [Patellar complications of ICLH knee prosthesis]. AB - Three types of patellar complication following total knee replacement with a Freeman-I.C.L.H. prosthesis have been studied. They are: 1) Pain despite a satisfactory position of the patella. 2) Patella fractures and 3) Lateral displacement. Pain in spite of a satisfactory position of the patella occurred in 15 p. 100 of cases. The incidence of this complication was considerably diminished by the use of a patellar implant. The use of a patellar implant did not result in any specific morbidity. Five fractures of the patella were seen, three of them without displacement. Lateral displacement of the patella were seen in 5 p. 100 of cases resulting in instability of the knee and a higher risk of loosening of the tibial component. The authors propose a new type of patellar implant stabilized by a rail. PMID- 6231694 TI - [Recent fractures of the humeral diaphysis in adults. Comparison of orthopedic and surgical treatment. Apropos of 252 cases]. AB - Two hundred and fifty two cases of fracture of the humeral shaft have been treated by the authors, half conservatively by mobilisation against the chest wall and half surgically. The main surgical procedures were plating, nailing without reaming, fascicular intramedullary pinning, or external fixation. Conservative treatment gave satisfactory results without iatrogenic complications. However, significant limitation of movement was seen in 61 cases and was severe in 14. Eight non-unions occurred. The best surgical fixation was either by intramedullary nailing or fascicular intramedullary pinning in fractures of the upper third or the middle third of the humeral shaft. These techniques resulted in very few post operative radial palsies. Plating is indicated in unstable fractures of the lower third of the humerus. Conservative treatment or blind intramedullary nailing or pinning is indicated in cases of initial radial palsy, the nerve being explored only after three to six months in the absence of recovery. PMID- 6231695 TI - [Osteosynthesis of femoral neck fractures with 3 curved elastic nails]. AB - The authors have treated 56 cases of fracture of the femoral neck using an original method. Three curved elastic nails were introduced into the head and neck through the greater trochanter. The results appear to be encouraging. The main advantage of the technique is minimal disturbance of the intra osseous vascular system of the head resulting in a low rate of avascular necrosis. The stability of the fixation has been studied from the biomechanical point of view. In many cases, the reduction obtained is improved immediately preceding the nailing. PMID- 6231696 TI - [Kyphosis caused by severe spondylodiscitis in newborn infants and young children]. AB - The authors report their experience of 12 discitis occurring in the new born and in young children. Pyogenic infections were found with general septicemia in the new born children. The onset of cases of Pott's disease occurred later. Anterior destruction of several vertebrae accounted for severe kyphosis which were found on clinical examination. Conservative immobilisation of the kyphosis during growth does not prevent any increase in deformity before puberty with the possible onset of neurological symptoms. The only possible treatment is surgical with anterior arthrodesis of the damaged region together with a corrective osteotomy followed as soon as possible by posterior arthrodesis. If, unfortunately the patient is seen later in the course of the disease, the possibility of corrective osteotomy will depend on the degree of kyphosis and the neurological symptoms. PMID- 6231697 TI - [Measurement of carpal tunnel pressures in the idiopathic carpal tunnel syndrome without motor deficit]. AB - The pressure in the carpal tunnel was measured in ten patients suffering from purely painful carpal tunnel syndrome. Five normal individuals were also investigated as controls. It was shown that the pressure was always high in involved patients. A rise of pressure on flexion and extension of the wrist was much greater in patients than in controls. It is concluded that true compression plays the main role in carpal tunnel syndrome. A localised tenosynovitis was constantly found at operation. It was responsible for the rise of pressure inducing a functional ischaemia of the nerve. PMID- 6231698 TI - [Carpal tunnel syndrome and pseudarthrosis of the scaphoid. Apropos of 2 cases]. AB - Two cases were seen in elderly patients in which a carpal tunnel syndrome was present in association with an ununited scaphoid fracture. The carpus had remodelled and the lunate was dorsi-flexed. Its upper end bulged into the tunnel and was the cause of the nerve compression. It was aggravated by associated osteoarthrosis. The two cases were treated surgically by neurolysis and division of the carpal ligament and partial resection of the lunate to restore the normal concavity of the carpus. PMID- 6231699 TI - [Fracture separation of the articular process of the cervical spine in children]. AB - A case of fracture-separation of the articular process of the sixth cervical vertebra was seen in a five year old child. This type of fracture does not appear to have been described in children. Treatment by plaster cast led to complete healing. PMID- 6231700 TI - [Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser syndrome]. PMID- 6231701 TI - Physically disabled people assess the quality of their lives. PMID- 6231702 TI - Disabled people in the Bible. PMID- 6231703 TI - Coping with the enormity of illness and disability. PMID- 6231704 TI - The effect of streptozotocin and streptozotocin-induced diabetes on the kidney. AB - The study of diabetic nephropathy in experimental animals generally relies on the chemical induction of the diabetic state. Streptozotocin is commonly employed to that end; however, streptozotocin has an inherent nephrotoxic potential. We studied the effects of both streptozotocin, and diabetes on the kidneys of rats given streptozotocin 60 mg/kg, which was sufficient to induce severe diabetes. Our studies, which utilized both transmission and scanning electron microscopy, considered the pharmacokinetics of streptozotocin in renal tissue, as well as the effect of insulin treatment. Renal tissue kinetics were altered by occluding the renal hilum of one kidney during, and for 5 min after, the administration of streptozotocin. We found that, in contrast to alloxan, streptozotocin caused no detectable renal injury at the dose employed. Previously described renal epithelial papillomas were identified, and were not influenced by altering the renal tissue kinetics of the drug. We conclude that no 'protection' procedure is necessary for the kidney when the streptozotocin model of diabetes is employed. In this regard streptozotocin may have greater utility than alloxan. PMID- 6231706 TI - Laparoscopy in post partum sows with special emphasis on the effects of uterine manipulation on the release of prostaglandin F2 alpha. AB - One hundred laparoscopies were performed on 30 primiparous post partum sows and complications during and after examinations recorded. Nineteen of these animals were separated into two groups and subjected to different treatments: group 1 (10 sows), with conventional laparoscopy; group 2 (nine sows) with two minutes extra manipulation of the uterus after laparoscopy. Blood was sampled before and after the operations. The plasma was analysed for its content of 15-keto-13,14 dihydroprostaglandin F2 alpha by radioimmunoassay. The results indicate that laparoscopies were successful and can be used in post partum sows during lactation and after weaning without any severe complications. In some sows laparoscopy alone or laparoscopy followed by manipulation of the uterus for two minutes caused a peak of the prostaglandin metabolite. However the height and duration of this peak were not sufficient to influence reproductive performance in pigs. PMID- 6231705 TI - [The problem of testosterone secretion by the chick embryo testis: new research]. AB - The aim of this study was to determine whether the chick embryo testis was able to convert dehydroepiandrosterone and androstenedione into testosterone. Testes from 17-19 day old chick embryos were cultured in vitro in the presence of tritiated dehydroepiandrosterone or androstenedione of high specific activity, and the radioactive testosterone formed was isolated by thin-layer chromatography and identified by recrystallization to constant specific activity. Parallel experiments with mouse embryo testes showed that these methods were valid. However, since specific activity with chick embryo testes was very low and could not be brought to constancy, testosterone could not be identified with these testes. It is concluded that the 17-19 day old chick embryo testis cannot form testosterone from either dehydroepiandrosterone or androstenedione. This conclusion is in keeping with the absence of a physiological role for testosterone in the male chick embryo. PMID- 6231707 TI - Capillaries and muscle fibers in the heart of the hyperoxic chick embryo. AB - Cardiomegaly was induced in chick embryos by incubation in 60% O2. On day 18 sections of heart were taken from these and from controls matched by egg weight before incubation in 21% O2. The ratio of left/right ventricular weight was the same in the two groups and so was the concentration of water in the ventricles. The densities of capillaries and of muscle fibers were determined in seven selected myocardial regions in order to establish (1) the cellular nature of the cardiomegaly, and (2) the effect of elevated O2 on capillary growth. In five of the regions no significant difference in capillary density was seen, but the cross-sectional area of the fibers rose significantly in all seven, especially in the right ventricle. Capillary density increased in the hyperoxic group in two areas immediately adjacent to the lumen of the right ventricle. These results suggest that oxygen causes hypertrophy of cardiac muscle fibers in the chick embryo without altering the capillary supply. PMID- 6231709 TI - [Changes in the locomotor system in patients with hemorrhagic rectocolitis]. PMID- 6231708 TI - [Characteristics of humoral immune response in seronegative arthritis]. PMID- 6231710 TI - Canine dioctophymosis in the North East of Argentine. PMID- 6231711 TI - [The fibrinolytic system. Relations between hemorrheology and microcirculation]. PMID- 6231712 TI - [The relation between erythrocyte filterability and platelet aggregation (in vitro studies in normal subjects and those with vascular disease before and after isotonic exercise)]. AB - The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible action in vitro of the platelets on the rheological behavior of red blood cells in healthy subjects and in patients with peripheral obliterative arterial disease before and after an isotonic exercise. Red blood cells and platelets from control subjects and from patients were tested in several ratios before and after the exercise studying the erythrocyte filterability. beta-thromboglobulin, a platelet-specific protein, was determined in vivo in all subjects before and after the exercise and in vitro as percent of increase between PPP and PRP activated, to monitor the platelet release. The results showed the interrelationship between platelet activation and rheological behavior of red blood cells. PMID- 6231713 TI - [The effect of lysine acetylsalicylate on hemorrheological changes induced through ischemic exertion in patients with vascular disease]. AB - This study has been performed to evaluate the in vivo effect of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) i.v. infusion at two different dosages: 500 and 2,000 mg on the main hemorheological parameters (blood viscosity and filtrability, hematocrit) and on beta-thromboglobulin (a platelet-specific protein) in patients with peripheral obliterative arterial disease, before and after an ischemic exercise. The results obtained before and 3 and 24 h after the drug administration induced us to think that platelet-specific substances released during the ischemic exercise can affect the hemorheological parameters and that ASA may be able to interfere with these reactions by inhibiting the platelet release. PMID- 6231714 TI - [Changes in hemorrheology induced by the alpha-lytic drug thymoxamine]. AB - The hemorheological findings obtained from a study employing an infusion of thymoxamine in saline solution and after the addition of the same drug to blood samples in vitro are reported. The hemorheological changes observed in vivo (decrease of both hematocrit and blood viscosity at shear rates of 23 and 230 sec 1) are not seen in vitro. From these data it is possible to conclude that such modifications produced by thymoxamine in vivo are more likely due to its alpha blocking action than to a direct hemorheological activity of this drug. PMID- 6231715 TI - Autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction in man. IX. Autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction and lymphocyte subsets in aging humans. AB - Peripheral blood from 15 young (20-30 years) and 15 aging (65-80 years) subjects was analysed for the proliferative response of T cells upon stimulation with non T cells in the autologous mixed culture reaction (AMLR) and allogeneic MLR, and for the proportion of monoclonal antibody-defined lymphocyte subsets and monocytes. No significant difference was observed in the AMLR or allogeneic MLR between T and non-T cells in aging and young subjects. However, when non-T cells were further fractionated into adherent monocytes and non-adherent B cells (B cells and null cells), the AMLR between macrophages and T cells was significantly (P less than 0.05) higher in young subjects than in simultaneously studied aging subjects. In contrast, the AMLR between T cells and B cells was significantly (P less than 0.05) higher in the aging subjects than in the young group. In the T-T AMLR (using phytohaemagglutinin-stimulated T cells as stimulators), aging subjects had a significantly (P less than 0.05) lower proliferative response than simultaneously studied young subjects. In vitro addition of purified interleukin 2 reconstituted the T-T AMLR to the base-line T-T AMLR in young humans. No significant difference was observed in the allogeneic MLR and lymphocyte subsets between the two groups. The significance of these observations is discussed. PMID- 6231716 TI - Mouse B- and T-cell colony formation in vitro. I. Separation of colony-promoting and -inhibiting activities in concanavalin A rat spleen conditioned medium. AB - Rat spleen cell cultures exposed for 24 h to concanavalin A (Con A-CM) contain, in addition to interleukin 2 (IL-2), factors that promote colony formation in vitro by mouse T cells (TCPA) and B cells (BCPA). TCPA and BCPA are separable on a Sephadex G-75 column. TCPA has a molecular weight of 15,000 daltons and shows the same elution profile as IL-2. Absorption studies with Con A-activated T cells suggested that TCPA and IL-2 are the same entity. BCPA has an apparent molecular weight of 45,000 daltons and stimulates colony formation by B lymphocytes seeded at very low cell density (10(4) - 5 X 10(4) cells/ml). In contrast to TCPA, BCPA can only be demonstrated in gel-filtered material owing to the presence of B colony suppressor activities in crude Con A-CM. Two B colony inhibitory activities were demonstrated by AcA 34 chromatography of crude Con A-CM with molecular weights of 80,000-130,000 and about 50,000, respectively. Because of the specificity, simplicity and sensitivity of B and T colony formation these assay systems should be valuable tools for in vitro testing of biological activities regulating the immune system. PMID- 6231717 TI - The influence of matching for SB on MLC typing is significant but marginal. AB - To investigate the role of SB in MLC typing responses, reactions of lymphocytes from 23 DW3-positive, HLA-D-heterozygous individuals against 9 Dw3 homozygous typing cells (HTCs) were evaluated. Significantly more clear typing reactions were observed in those combinations that were matched for SB as compared with those that were mismatched. Nevertheless, MLC responses towards HTCs that were HLA-D/DR- and SB-compatible could be very strong. An additional analysis of the influence of HLA-B and the newly defined determinants LB-Q1 and LB-Q2 demonstrated that in combinations that were matched for these markers as well, stabilized relative responses could still be over 100%. PMID- 6231718 TI - Vascular endothelial cells present alloantigens to unprimed lymphocytes. AB - Antigen-presenting cells (APC) were removed from canine peripheral blood by carbonyl iron treatment and adherence to plastic and to nylon-wool. This treatment resulted in low proliferation in mixed lymphocyte cultures (MLC) and lack of generation of cell-mediated cytotoxicity (CMC) in depleted cell suspensions compared with untreated cell suspension. The proliferative response could be restored to normal by the addition of low numbers of autologous arterial or venous endothelial cells to the MLC of depleted cell suspensions. Cytotoxicity against phytohaemagglutinin-stimulated lymphoblasts of the stimulator was generated in the untreated MLC and also in the MLC of APC-depleted cell suspensions with endothelial cells added. It is concluded that arterial and venous endothelial cells can substitute for APC in the proliferative response of autologous lymphocytes against alloantigen and in the generation of CMC. Therefore, endothelial cells have an alloantigen-presenting capacity. PMID- 6231719 TI - Laser Doppler flowmetry and transcutaneously measured carbon dioxide tension for observing changes of skin blood flow in fingers. AB - Laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) and transcutaneous carbon dioxide tension measurements (PtcCO2) were performed on fingers of healthy volunteers subjected to a sequence of hydrostatic and thermal stimuli. LDF response using an unheated probe agreed well with measurements made with Xenon133 clearance and strain gauge plethysmography in a previous work. The PtcCO2 results, however, were found not in any way to reflect changes in skin blood flow. PMID- 6231720 TI - [Cerebrospinal fluid levels of leucine enkephalin and methionine enkephalin in patients with altered behavior]. AB - CSF endorphins levels have been measured in neuropsychiatric patients, in relation to controls. The results we obtained don't allow us to suggest any specific pathophysiological role to endorphins; their levels seemed to be modified in relation to a generic stress-response. PMID- 6231721 TI - HLA-B27 as a diagnostic screening tool in chronic low back pain. AB - Forty-five of 52 consecutive patients with chronic low back pain were screened for presence of HLA-B27 antigen one year after they were included in a rehabilitative program. Six (13.3%) were positive and, when re-examined radiographically, 2 had signs of ankylosing spondylitis. The proportion of antigen-positive individuals is similar to that found in a population study of healthy Swedish blood donors, and within the range of other populations of healthy controls. It is concluded that HLA-B27 is of limited diagnostic value as a screening test for ankylosing spondylitis in a patient group with chronic low back pain. PMID- 6231722 TI - Medico-legal aspects of malignant mesothelioma. AB - The object of this investigation was to discuss medico-legal aspects of malignant mesothelioma in relation to social insurance legislation for occupational injuries and diseases in Norway. During the period 1960-79 the Cancer Registry of Norway recorded a total of 155 men and 35 women with malignant mesothelioma. However, only 21 men and no women were notified to the National Insurance Institution as occupational disease cases before 31 December 1979, in spite of the well established causal association between occupational asbestos exposure and the disease. The investigation is based on these 21 patients. The long latency period from first asbestos exposure until appearance of the disease and the short survival were evident in this study. Furthermore, the legislation and provisions for occupational injuries and diseases in Norway are obviously intended for occupational accidents, and consequently the legal assessment of patients with malignant mesothelioma was complicated. For those notified, the delay in notification was considerable, and only 50% were notified before death. Delay in the claim procedure was also substantial, and few patients survived the claim procedure period. The decisions were not consistent, particularly decisions regarding "the year of injury" and appeared to have been more restrictive during recent years. One of the 21 cases was not accepted as occupational disease, because domestic exposure was considered more probable than occupational exposure. PMID- 6231723 TI - The consequences to the injured of occupational accidents. A follow-up study of an emergency department material. AB - The consequences of occupational accidents to the injured have been studied in a follow-up investigation of an emergency department material comprising almost 7 000 patients. The accident resulted in sick leave for 51% (on average 14.9 working days), in a reduced income for 31% (on average 2 125 Danish 1982 kroner), in a prolonged physical handicap for 6%, in hospitalization for 4.2% (on average 27 days), and in occupational consequences for 1.5%. PMID- 6231724 TI - Antibodies to hepatitis B surface antigen potentiate the response of human T lymphocyte clones to the same antigen. AB - Human t-helper lymphocyte clones specific for hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg) proliferate on stimulation with HBsAg in vitro. Antibodies specific for HBsAg, but no other antibodies, augment this proliferative response. In the presence of antibodies to HBsAg, the maximum response could be achieved at HBsAg concentrations that were 1 percent of those required in the absence of the antibodies. These findings suggest that antigen-specific antibodies exert regulatory controls on T cells that recognize the same antigens. PMID- 6231725 TI - Immunologic inhibition of ultraviolet radiation-induced tumor suppressor cell activity. AB - Long-term exposure of C3H mice to ultraviolet radiation resulted in the formation of suppressor T cells that recognize ultraviolet radiation-induced regressor skin cancers as a class before the appearance of overt tumors. Administration of monoclonal antibodies to the product of the I-Jk subregion of the major histocompatibility complex or low doses of cyclophosphamide in vivo inhibited the development or activity of these cells. This activity of the monoclonal antibody was eliminated by adsorption on B10.BR (I-Jk) but not B10.D2 (I-Jd) splenocytes. These findings provide evidence that elements expressing the I-J determinant are important in regulating the host response prior to the overt development of ultraviolet radiation-induced skin cancers and suggest novel therapeutic approaches to malignancies or other diseases involving suppressor T cells in their pathogenesis. PMID- 6231726 TI - A potential second messenger role for unsaturated fatty acids: activation of Ca2+ dependent protein kinase. AB - Arachidonate and other unsaturated long-chain fatty acids were found to activate protein kinase C from human neutrophils. Kinase activation by arachidonate required calcium and was enhanced by diolein but did not require exogenous phosphatidylserine. Submaximal levels of arachidonate also enhanced the affinity of the kinase for calcium during activation by phosphatidylserine. Thus the release of arachidonate, which is triggered in many cell types by ligand-receptor interactions, could play a second messenger role in the regulation of cellular function by activation of protein kinase C. PMID- 6231727 TI - Mechanisms of autoimmune liver disease. PMID- 6231728 TI - [Perm Regional Clinical Hospital (on the 150th anniversary of the hospital]. PMID- 6231729 TI - [I. P. Pavlov on science and the social responsibility of the scientist]. PMID- 6231730 TI - [Laparoscopy in cancer of the large intestine]. PMID- 6231731 TI - [Improving surgical services for cancer patients]. PMID- 6231732 TI - Integrating physically handicapped pupils. PMID- 6231733 TI - Laparoscopy at Baragwanath Hospital, Johannesburg. AB - The results of diagnostic laparoscopy in 42 patients are reviewed. A histological diagnosis was achieved in 23 of 26 cases of suspected intraperitoneal disease (15 cases of malignant disease, 4 cases of peritoneal or intra-abdominal tuberculosis and 4 cases of benign hepatic lesions in which percutaneous biopsy had failed to obtain a representative specimen). In 10 patients with abdominal trauma the source of the problem was identified, and in 2 of these successful conservative management was undertaken on the basis of the laparoscopic findings. In 6 patients with abdominal pain of unknown cause no lesion could be identified, and the procedure was abandoned in 2 patients because of dense intraperitoneal adhesions. There was no associated mortality and the morbidity rate was 0,5%. PMID- 6231734 TI - [Neuromuscular mechanisms controlling mastication with special reference to jaw movements (1). Introduction]. PMID- 6231735 TI - Changing the method for calculating quarters of coverage: the impact on workers' insured status. AB - The 1977 Social Security Amendments specified that, beginning in 1978, a worker would be credited with one quarter of coverage for a designated amount of annual earnings. For 1978, a worker received one quarter of coverage (up to a total of four) for each $250 in annual earnings from employment or self-employment. Before 1978, a worker who was paid $50 in wages in a calendar quarter was credited with a quarter of coverage. A person who had $400 or more in self-employment income in a year was credited with four quarters of coverage. Some workers received more quarters of coverage under the new provisions than they would have under the old, and other workers received less. Since a worker's receipt of benefits depends on his or her insured status, which is based on quarters of coverage, this change can affect a worker's eligibility for benefits. This study indicates that if $250 in annual earnings had been required for one quarter of coverage in 1977, more than 2.1 million workers would have had a change in their insured status for disabled worker benefits, and about 700,000 workers would have had a change in their insured status for survivor benefits. Those whose insured status was affected were most likely to have had marginal earnings records--for example, they had four to seven quarters of coverage when six were needed. (This effect was expected when the legislation was passed.) This article examines those whose eligibility for benefits was most likely to have been affected. PMID- 6231736 TI - Workers' compensation program experience, 1981. AB - Although the workers' compensation program covered more workers and paid more in benefits in 1981 than it did a year earlier, the rise in both of these indicators was slightly smaller than those in 1980 and considerably smaller than the increases that took place in the 1970's. Employers paid $22.9 billion in premiums in 1981, less than 3 percent more than the previous year and the smallest annual increase since 1958. The cost-payroll ratio also showed a 12-point drop in 1981, the first such decline since 1959 and a sharp contrast to the almost 9 percentage point average annual rise in the 1970's. The Black Lung program, which made up more than a fifth of the benefit payments under workers' compensation in 1973, accounted for only about an eighth by 1981. PMID- 6231737 TI - Intraoperative assessment of carotid endarterectomy by electromagnetic blood flow measurements. AB - Intraoperative electromagnetic flow meter measurements were made after 143 carotid endarterectomies. Six (4.2 per cent) had low or no internal carotid artery blood flow, and four of these had a clear technical cause. After rearteriotomy, five had restoration of blood flow to the normal range. These data support the hypothesis that there is a small but significant instance of technical causes of immediate carotid endarterectomy failure which may not be detectable by observation and palpation. Postendarterectomy intraoperative internal carotid artery blood flow measurement is an acceptable method of detecting hemodynamically significant technical defects. PMID- 6231738 TI - Transhepatic changes in insulin and glucagon following partial hepatectomy in the pig. AB - In this study, glucose levels decreased after partial hepatectomy in the pig. This was associated with a decrease in insulin and an increase in glucagon levels. An added dextrose infusion resulted in hyperglycemia and appropriate responses in insulin and glucagon. Insulin clearance remained unchanged and glucagon extraction by the liver was decreased after partial hepatectomy. Changes in insulin and glucagon after partial hepatectomy appear to be related to the changes in blood glucose rather than the regenerative process. PMID- 6231739 TI - A modified suture technique for tube gastrostomy. AB - A modified suture technique for tube gastrostomy is presented which promotes better exposure for suture placement and results in a close continuous seal between the stomach and the abdominal wall. PMID- 6231740 TI - [New organized approach to rendering medical services to patients during influenza outbreak]. PMID- 6231741 TI - [Age-related characteristics of high density lipoprotein cholesterol in the blood of the indigenous rural population of the foothills of Kirghizia]. PMID- 6231742 TI - [ABO blood groups as a risk factor in ischemic heart disease and arterial hypertension in various ethnic populations]. PMID- 6231743 TI - [Dynamics of the peripheral blood indices in recurrent thyrotoxicosis in inhabitants of northern Europe]. PMID- 6231744 TI - [Clinico-pathogenetic importance of determining mucous substances in the stomach contents in chronic gastritis and peptic ulcer]. PMID- 6231746 TI - Role of monoamine oxidase-B in medroxyprogesterone acetate (17-acetoxy-6 alpha methyl-4-pregnene-3, 20-dione) induced changes in brain dopamine levels of rats. AB - The effect of medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) on brain monoamine levels and monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity was studied in adult, healthy, non-pregnant female rats. MpA was injected in a single dose of 100 mg/kg i.m. Dopamine (DA), noradrenaline (NA), 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) levels and MAO activity were estimated fluorometrically in rat brian. No change in DA, NA, 5-HT or MAO activity was observed after 7 days of MPA treatment while a significant decrease in DA levels along with a significant increase in MAO activity was observed after 21 days of MPA treatment. However, there was no change in NA and 5-HT levels after 21 days of MPA administration. The selective reduction of DA by MPA could be due to an increase in MAO-B activity. MPA does not appear to increase MAO-A activity because neither of the specific substrates (NA and 5-HT) of MAO-A was found to be decreased inspite of the increase in MAO activity as estimated by the kynuramine method. These findings suggest the importance of MAO-B also in DA metabolism in rat brain. PMID- 6231745 TI - Demonstration of the presence of plasminogen activator in human small intestine. AB - A cytosolic fraction of human small intestine was prepared. It contained esterase activity toward N-alpha-acetyl-lysine-methyl ester and amidolytic activities toward substrates S-2238, S-2288 and S-2251. In addition there was present a plasminogen activator activity which could cleave plasminogen to produce plasmin and the plasmin hydrolysed the same chromogenic substrates. Plasmin generation was also followed by a time-dependent hydrolysis of 125-I labeled plasminogen or monitored by fibrin-agar plate. The plasminogen activator was related to urinary urokinase immunologically. Anti-urokinase IgG cross-reacted with cytosolic fraction in double immunodiffusion. When the cytosolic fraction was electrophoresed in discontinuous polyacrylamide gel, two regions of hydrolytic activity toward the urokinase-specific substrate S-2444 were found. The activity of one of these regions could be completely inhibited by anti-urokinase while the other was not. The plasminogen activator was partially purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation and Concanavalin A-bound Sepharose chromatography. PMID- 6231747 TI - Episode resembling immune complex disease after cholera vaccination. AB - The case of a 25-year-old patient is reported who suffered from a syndrome similar to immune complex disease following cholera revaccination. The clinical picture included fever, muscle, joint and abdominal pain, vomiting, serositis, hepatitis, suspected myocarditis, anaemia and thrombocytopenia. Clinical symptoms subsided spontaneously within two weeks. This case illustrates a hazard of cholera vaccination so far not reported in the literature. PMID- 6231748 TI - Glucocorticosteroids and organ transplantation. PMID- 6231749 TI - The effect of cyclosporine on ornithine decarboxylase induction with mitogens, antigens, and lymphokines. AB - Ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) is the initial enzyme in polyamine synthesis. An increase in ODC activity is associated with increased RNA, DNA, and protein synthesis. We have used the induction of ODC by mitogens and alloantigens in human peripheral blood lymphocytes as an intracellular marker of protein synthesis and lymphocyte activation. The immunosuppressive agent cyclosporine was found to inhibit both the mitogen and alloantigen stimulated induction of ODC in lymphocytes in a manner that parallels inhibition of subsequent 3H-thymidine incorporation. When purified T lymphocytes were stimulated with mitogen alone, minimal ODC activity was detected. The addition of 5% monocytes, human Interleukin-1 (IL-1), or T cell growth factor (IL-2) enhanced mitogen-induced ODC activity in T lymphocytes 4-10-fold. Cyclosporine inhibited the induction of ODC when T lymphocytes were combined with monocytes or growth factors. We conclude that (1) the induction of ODC in human lymphocytes by mitogen and alloantigen is inhibited in the presence of cyclosporine; (2) the induction of ODC activity in purified T lymphocytes requires the presence of both mitogen and monocytes or their products; (3) IL-1 and IL-2 can supplement for monocytes and augment the phytohemagglutinin induction of ODC in T lymphocytes; and (4) cyclosporine inhibits ODC induction in T lymphocytes stimulated with mitogen in the added presence of monocytes, IL-1, or IL-2. The inhibition of ODC induction and polyamine synthesis by cyclosporine adds insight into its mode of action on the mechanisms involved in early T cell activation. PMID- 6231750 TI - Monoclonal antibody-toxin conjugates reactive against human T lymphocytes. A comparison of antibody linked to intact ricin toxin with antibody linked to ricin A chain. AB - A non-complement-binding monoclonal antibody, TA-1, recognizing determinants on human T lymphocytes, was linked to the plant seed toxin ricin, either the intact molecule or purified ricin A chain. Peripheral blood lymphocytes were pretreated with conjugate for 2 hr, washed, and then measured in vitro for T cell proliferation. Studies showed that antibody-intact ricin conjugates were up to 39 fold more inhibitory than antibody-A-chain conjugates. Killing was selective because an unreactive control antibody linked to toxin had minimal inhibitory effect. Dose response curves obtained in human studies were nearly identical to curves obtained in an animal model n which a monoclonal anti-murine T cell antibody (anti-Thy 1.1) was linked to ricin and ricin A chain. In the human system, longer exposures of peripheral blood cells to conjugates did not alter our findings. TA-1-ricin conjugates were tested against human ALL cell lines. KOPN-1, a cell line bearing the determinant reactive with TA-1 was selectively eliminated within 2 days after pretreatment with 500 ng/ml. Even 10-fold greater concentrations of TA-1-A chain were not adequate for leukemic cell destruction. These findings (1) show for the first time in a human model that monoclonal antibodies, directed against certain differentiation antigens when linked to ricin A chain are not as effective in normal or malignant cell killing as when linked to intact ricin; (2) contribute to the growing body of evidence showing that monoclonal antibody A chain conjugates do not permit the acquisition of levels of toxin sufficient to destroy target cells; and (3) are important relative to increasing interest in use of antibody-toxin conjugates for graft versus-host disease prophylaxis in allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. PMID- 6231751 TI - Evidence for donor-specific cell-mediated lympholysis unresponsiveness and suppressor cells in well functioning kidney transplants. PMID- 6231752 TI - Effect of medroxyprogesterone acetate and of some antiinflammatory agents on mouse erythroleukemia cell differentiation. AB - The effects of medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) on differentiation were examined using mouse erythroleukemia (MEL) cells and compared with those of antiinflammatory agents. MPA at low doses (10(-6) - 10(-7)M) induced 10-15% cells to differentiate, whereas high doses (10(-4) - 10(-5)M) caused a 30% inhibition of dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO)-induced differentiation. Dexamethasone (10(-4) - 10( 8)M), a steroid antiinflammatory agent, significantly inhibited (77-70%) DMSO induced differentiation, whereas indomethacin, aspirin, flurbiprofen and BW755c (non steroid antiinflammatory agents) at the same concentrations had no effect. If added 24 h before DMSO, the inhibitory effects of MPA and dexamethasone increased to 65% and 95%, respectively, whereas indomethacin (10(-5)M) caused only a 30% inhibition and the other drugs were inactive. None of these antiinflammatory agents affected differentiation when used without DMSO. MPA and dexamethasone inhibitory effects on DMSO-induced differentiation did not seem to be mediated through the inhibition of the synthesis of prostaglandins, since non steroid prostaglandin inhibitors were slightly active only when added 24 h before DMSO. PMID- 6231754 TI - [Subcutaneous dacron bypass. Operation for the treatment of aorto-iliac insufficiency]. PMID- 6231753 TI - [Calcium accumulating ability of various membrane structures of the myocardium in experimental coronary insufficiency]. AB - Disturbances in properties of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca-pump are found under conditions of experimental coronary insufficiency and confirmed by a decrease in the Ca2+-ATPase activity and in ability to the 45Ca uptake by SR membranes. Simultaneously the Ca2+ uptake by mitochondria increases. It is established that a rise in the total Ca content in the myocardium tissue is accompanied by its redistribution between the subcellular membrane structures and its accumulation in mitochondria. The found shifts may underlie disturbances in energy supply and a decrease in the contractile myocardium function with ischemia. PMID- 6231756 TI - Current overview of implantable infusion devices. PMID- 6231755 TI - Gonococcal urethritis. AB - Gonorrhea continues to maintain its position as the most common reportable infectious disease in the United States. Penicillin is still the antibiotic of choice for the treatment of uncomplicated gonococcal urethritis in most of the United States, but the increasing incidence of penicillinase-producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae (PPNG) in many areas of the world necessitates a reconsideration of standard therapy. In addition to penicillin resistance, the gonococcus is also developing resistance to spectinomycin and tetracycline, which further complicates the choice of therapy. PMID- 6231757 TI - Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: an acquired disorder of end-stage renal disease. PMID- 6231758 TI - Relative role of surface chemistry and surface texture in blood-material interactions. PMID- 6231759 TI - Controlled flow studies in 4 mm endothelialized dacron grafts. AB - Endothelial cell seeding of 4 mm ID double velour dacron vascular grafts promoted luminal endothelial cell surfacing and improved small-diameter graft performance as evidenced by the following: Flow rates through endothelial cell seeded grafts were higher than through nonseeded control grafts. With increasing postsurgical time the flow rates through seeded grafts increased as a consequence of greater luminal endothelial cell coverage. During low flow conditions endothelial cell seeded grafts retained thrombus-free surface characteristics whereas thrombus accumulated during low flow in nonseeded grafts. Some nonseeded grafts occluded during low flow. The ability of seeded grafts to retain thrombus-free surfaces during low flow increased with increasing postoperative time as a consequence of greater luminal endothelial cell coverage. Endothelial cell seeding is an efficacious approach to maintaining graft patency during conditions of reduced blood flow. PMID- 6231760 TI - Dacron-reinforced bovine heterograft for hemodialysis: long-term follow-up of a new prosthesis. PMID- 6231761 TI - [Ocular refraction in school children in the Far North and means of preventing myopia]. PMID- 6231762 TI - [Ocular changes in occupational argyria]. PMID- 6231763 TI - [Dynamics of early detection of glaucoma during a 5-year period (1977-1981)]. PMID- 6231764 TI - Development of a combined clostridial and Pasteurella haemolytica vaccine for sheep. AB - The efficacy of a multicomponent clostridial vaccine containing Pasteurella haemolytica antigens was tested in specific pathogen free or conventionally reared lambs exposed to experimental infection with P haemolytica serotypes A1, A2 or A6. In four experiments assessment was based upon the findings of clinical, pathological and bacteriological examinations. Three experiments carried out in conventionally reared lambs demonstrated protection against challenge infection with P haemolytica serotypes A1, A2 and A6 in vaccinated lambs. However, the inconsistency of the disease induced in these experiments emphasised the need to perform definitive studies in specific pathogen free conditions. The final experiment was carried out with specific pathogen free lambs and confirmed the efficacy of the multicomponent clostridial vaccine containing P haemolytica antigen in protecting against the effects of infection with P haemolytica serotype A6. In addition, this experiment indicated that the inclusion of several components in a vaccine did not affect the efficacy of an individual antigenic component. PMID- 6231765 TI - Hydatidosis in a goat. PMID- 6231766 TI - [X-ray study in prolapsed mitral valve]. PMID- 6231767 TI - [Cardiometric and cineangiocardiographic assessment of left ventricular enlargement in patients with acquired heart defects]. PMID- 6231769 TI - [Organization of medical support for the 64th Army during its advance from its Stalingrad position to a new combat operations position]. PMID- 6231768 TI - Lambda red-dependent growth and recombination of phage P22. AB - Plasmids that express lambda recombination functions singly and in combinations, at controllable levels, have been constructed. These plasmids were placed in Escherichia coli and Salmonella strains, and their ability to complement lambda and P22 strains lacking recombination functions was examined. The combination of lambda bet and exo constitutes a minimal system that can substitute for the recombination system of P22 in allowing efficient growth and recombination in a recA- host. PMID- 6231770 TI - [Determination of the scope of physical exercises in using medical gymnastics for patients with hypertension and myocardial hypertrophy]. PMID- 6231771 TI - [Microcirculatory function as a criterion of treatment effectiveness with protracted pneumonia patients by including fibrinolysin-heparin electrophoresis]. PMID- 6231772 TI - [50th anniversary of the Bairam-Ali health resort]. PMID- 6231773 TI - [Microcirculation in ischemic heart disease patients during adaptation and treatment in a central highlands area]. PMID- 6231774 TI - [Effect of vitamin A deficiency in mice on the formation of specific cytolytic T lymphocytes]. AB - Content of retinol, retinyl acetate and retinyl palmitate was studied by means of high pressure liquid chromatography, in liver tissue of mice, kept on a vitamin A free diet during various periods of time. Cell proliferative activity and formation of specific T-killers were distinctly inhibited in mixed culture of lymphocytes from spleen tissue of A-avitaminous animals. Proliferative and cytolytic activity of the stimulated lymphocytes might be corrected by means of retinoic acid and retinyl acetate in vitro and in vivo. PMID- 6231775 TI - [Current questions concerning the mycotoxin problem]. PMID- 6231776 TI - [Isolation of influenza A viruses in 1981 in Leningrad with and antigenic formula (H0N1) related to strain A/PR8/34]. AB - wo strains of influenza A (H0N1) virus closely related to A/PR8/34 virus were isolated from the cerebrospinal fluid of children suffering from a disease diagnosed as purulent meningitis. Apart from similarities. Marked differences of the new strains from the laboratory A/PR8/34 virus were found which rules out the association of the isolates with contamination with the laboratory strains. Examinations of paired sera from the children, sources of the isolates, revealed no rise in titres of antihemagglutinating antibodies but established a 4-8-fold rise of titres of antineuraminidase antibodies to the A/PR8/34 virus which attests to infection of these children with influenza H0N1 viruses. PMID- 6231777 TI - [Virion-associated enzymes of the iridovirus in the mosquito Aedes cantans]. AB - Purified virions of iridovirus of Aedes cantans mosquito have proteinkinase and ATP-ase activities. Protein kinase associated with highly purified virions of this virus is cAMP-dependent, ATP-ase of mosquito iridovirus is Mg2+-dependent. Its activity is not affected by Na+ and K+ ions, whereas Ca2+ ions inhibit it. PMID- 6231778 TI - [Experiences with vaccination against hepatitis B]. AB - In a field study conducted with the Hepatitis B vaccine HB-Vax 375 persons were vaccinated and the sera were assayed for the formation of HBs antibodies 1 to 3 months after completing the three-dose schedule. Seroconversion was demonstrated in 94.7% of the subjects. Immune response was poorer after 40 years of age as compared with younger age groups. The vaccine was very well tolerated and induced hardly any side effects. 49 persons who had received 3 of the 4 doses suggested for vaccination with Hevac B responded in 86% of cases with the formation of antibodies. Patients undergoing dialysis developed antibodies in 48% of cases after the third dose and in 77% after the fourth dose, the seroconversion rate thus being considerably lower than in healthy persons. PMID- 6231779 TI - [Efficacy and tolerance of hepatitis B vaccination in medical personnel and hemodialysis patients]. AB - The efficacy and safety of a hepatitis B vaccine (Pasteur Institute) has been evaluated in 93 healthy members of the medical staff and in 28 patients undergoing chronic haemodialysis. Following 3 injections of vaccine (each 5 micrograms) at monthly intervals, 94% of the healthy subjects and 61% of the patients were already successfully immunized 4 months after commencement of the vaccination course. Those who did not respond initially received an additional dose at 6 months, which induced seroconversion in several more cases, resulting in the successful immunization of 98% of healthy subjects and 75% of haemodialysis patients. Immune response was sex- and age-dependent. Peak anti-HBs concentrations in responders at 6 months were 643, 325, and 194 mU/ml in healthy women, healthy men, and in patients, respectively. None of the staff members developed clinical or biochemical signs of hepatitis or of any other disease. Markers of hepatitis B virus infection were detected in 3 healthy subjects and in 6 dialysis patients. PMID- 6231780 TI - [Current dosed aerosols in the treatment of obstructive airway diseases. 2. Bronchospasmolytics]. PMID- 6231781 TI - [Drug-induced harm due to antidiabetics]. AB - A review of the complications which are of importance for the use of antidiabetic agents is given. As a consequence of too intensive a hypoglycaemic effect lesions may be provoked by sulfonylureas and insulin. Additionally, under treatment with different insulin preparations allergical side effects are possible. As an essential complication provoked by biguanides a lactic acidosis may be elicited which--though seldom occurring--then in most cases takes a fatal course. Lesions as a consequence of treatment with oral antidiabetic agents to a high degree be avoided by using them in accordance with their indication. In the case insulin the lesions ensuing immunological reactions are only to be avoided or reduced as far as the pharmaceutical industry succeeds in reducing the antigenicity of insulin preparations. PMID- 6231782 TI - [Acid and alkaline phosphatase and ATPase content of normal and leukoplakia affected mouth mucosa; electron-histochemical study]. PMID- 6231783 TI - [Fixed dermatitis medicamentosa]. PMID- 6231784 TI - [Scientific activities of the A. B. Aleksanian Armenian Research Institute of Epidemiology, Virology and Medical Parasitology of the Order of the Red Banner of Labor (on the 60th anniversary of the founding of the Institute)]. PMID- 6231785 TI - [Role of lysogenizing phages in the spread of drug-resistance plasmids in a staphylococcal population]. AB - The frequency of the transduction of plasmids rms5, rms7, pT127, pC194, pS194 and pUB101 by phages belonging to serological group B (80, 52, 52A, 53, 85, phi 11, S2) in two systems was compared. In system 1 phages for transduction were obtained from plasmid-containing lysogenic donors in the process of induction with mitomycin C; in system 2 phages for transduction were obtained by their multiplication in plasmid-containing nonlysogenic donors. In system 1 the transduction of plasmids rms5, rms7, pT127, pS194 by phage 52A was found to occur with a greater (by 3-5 orders) frequency than in system 2 (the frequency of transduction was 10(-2) to 10(-4), and 10(-6) to 10(-8) respectively). A similar situation was observed with plasmids rms5 and rms7 and phage 52; plasmid pT127 and phage 53; but not observed with plasmids rms5 and rms7 and phages 80, phi 11 and S2; plasmids pC194 and pS194 and phage 53; plasmid pUB101 and phages 52A, 80 and phi 11; plasmids pC194, pS194 and pT127 and phage 85. PMID- 6231786 TI - [Circulation of influenza A virus (H3N2) and its role in the occurrence of epidemics 1976-1981]. AB - In 1976-1981 the etiology of influenza epidemics was mixed, influenza viruses A(H3N2), A(H1N1) and B taking part in them simultaneously. The active circulation of influenza virus strains with different antigenic structures was established: influenza virus A(H3N2) circulated in 1976, and since November 1977 simultaneous spread of influenza viruses A(H3N2) and A(H1N1) was observed, the epidemic activity of strain A(H3N2) being noticeably decreased during this period; in the autumn and winter months of 1979-1980 this strain appeared as the dominating infective agent. After intensive epidemics during the summer months of 1976 and 1980 influenza virus strains A(H3N2), antigenically related to the causative agent of the previous epidemic, were isolated from patients with acute respiratory infection. The cases of double infection with influenza viruses A and B were recorded. PMID- 6231787 TI - The effect of radioimmunosuppression on the development of low-dose streptozotocin diabetes. AB - We investigated the effect of whole body irradiation (6.0 Gy) on the development of low-dose streptozotocin diabetes in male C57 Bl/KsJ-mice. After induction of the process of diabetes development irradiation failed to interfere with the development of hyperglycemia and did not modify the reduced pancreatic insulin content after exogenous diabetes induction. PMID- 6231788 TI - Diabetes mellitus in mice induced by multiple subdiabetogenic doses of streptozotocin: age and sex dependence. AB - In order to investigate whether age and sex have an influence on induction and development of diabetes, male and female C57Bl/KsJ mice of different ages were treated with subdiabetogenic injections of streptozotocin for five consecutive days. After a long period of observation all treated animals became diabetic. Male mice showed higher plasma glucose values than female animals suggesting a sex dependence. In the first phase of diabetes development the hyperglycemic response was dependent on the age of the mice. Animals treated during puberty, both male and female developed a more rapid onset of hyperglycemia and a more severe diabetes than the other age groups. The increased plasma glucose levels were accompanied in mice treated after and during puberty by an inflammatory lesion of the endocrine pancreas. PMID- 6231789 TI - Low dose streptozotocin diabetes after partial pancreatectomy in dogs. Histological findings in a new type of experimental diabetes. AB - Permanent diabetes was produced in 16 out of 55 dogs by partial pancreatectomy (77% of the calculated organ weight) and simultaneous infusion of 2 mg/kg streptozotocin into the superior pancreaticoduodenal artery. The animals exhibited hyperglycemia, absolute lack of endogenous B-cell function, and ketosis, but no exocrine pancreatic insufficiency. 21 animals needed up to 7 additional subsequent intravenous streptozotocin injections (15 mg/kg each at intervals of 3 days). In 18 animals the procedure failed to render them diabetic; they died mainly from toxic effects of the drug. There were severe pathohistological changes in all streptozotocin-treated animals. Besides the well known alterations of the islets of Langerhans, lymphocytic inflammations were found in numerous organs including the exocrine pancreas. In most cases they were combined with degenerative changes of the organ parenchyma, particularly in kidney and liver. These findings were not correlated to the sex of the animals, to the occurrence and severity if diabetes, to the time of survival, or to the streptozotocin dose applied. But they were obviously related to the clinical picture existing besides diabetes. It is concluded that the model of experimental diabetes presented might be useful in a carnivorous big animal species but that toxic streptozotocin effects are to be expected when the dose administered exceeds 2 mg/kg. PMID- 6231790 TI - [Diagnostic protocol for the identification of parathyroid neoplasms]. AB - The Authors after a review of literature and on the basis of their direct experience, emphasize the importance of right protocol for diagnosis of parathyroid tumors. The techniques investigated, continuously evolving and with different sensitivity, permit improving diagnosis in order to right surgery. PMID- 6231791 TI - [Presentation of forms for the collection of computerized x-ray and angiographic data in cerebrovascular disease]. AB - In the context of a study project on acute cerebrovascular diseases carried out for just a year by both hospital and university units of Parma (Italy), computer aided charts for coding CT-scan and arteriographic findings were designed. Their models are reported. PMID- 6231792 TI - [Cholecystectomy in cirrhotic patients]. AB - The Authors describe 19 patients affected by hepatic cirrhosis, treated because of cholecystic lithiasis during the period 1978-82 on a total number of 473 cholecystectomies performed. The hepatic damage was defined by hepatic function tests and biopsy. A 25% postoperative complications was observed in cirrhotic patients and only an 8% in the other 454 cholecystectomies. Mortality for the first group was 21% and 0,45% in the second group of patients. The data observed in the cirrhotic group seem related to frequent necessity of blood or plasma transfusion and jaundice in damaged livers. The high mortality and morbidity in cirrhotic patients suggest a surgical indication only for already complicated biliary lithiasis. PMID- 6231793 TI - [Biologic bases of musculo-cutaneous flaps most frequently used in cervico maxillo-facial surgery]. AB - An anatomical investigation on the vascular supply to "Pectoralis major", "Trapezius lateralis" and "Latissimus dorsi" muscolo-cutaneous flaps is presented. The AA. call particular attention to the vascular supply of the cutis going beyond the muscular borders. In this way we can determine the maximal width of the flap it is possible to achieve, without previous autonomization and without trophic problems. PMID- 6231794 TI - [Multicystic dysplasia of the kidney in the adult]. AB - Two cases of multicystic renal dysplasia in the adult are presented and the pathogenic theories of the condition are reviewed. The more severe defects of development are those which more often remain clinically silent, until are detected, usually in a casual manner, in the adult age. Palpable mass or, more often, traditional radiology, densito-tomography and echography allow differentiation from other conditions such as polycystic kidney, tumors, tuberculosis, hydronephrosis. Anyhow, in the Author's opinion, surgical exploration is mandatory for definite diagnosis as well as for exeresis of the dysplastic mass. PMID- 6231795 TI - [Current orientations in endodontics]. AB - The Authors, after having underlined the importance of the endodontic discipline, that allows to obtain a reliable rehabilitation, illustrate the Schilder technique, used by them at the Odontoiatric Clinic, University of Brescia. The AA. take into consideration and face the problem of the reintervention on channels already treated, as well as the periapical infections complication. They conclude saying that endodoncy is an extremely difficult discipline, because it implies a lot of experience, practical ability and a constant application. PMID- 6231796 TI - [Instrumental diagnosis of deep venous thrombosis. Prospective study with non invasive methods]. AB - The clinical diagnosis of deep vein thrombosis is unreliable and venography remains the best single method of investigation. In the last ten years several non-invasive procedures have been introduced in the vascular laboratories, sometime without adequate assessment of their reliability. We tested sensitivity and specificity of three different non-invasive procedures, namely phleboscintigraphy with 99Technetium, Doppler ultrasound technique and strain gauge plethysmography in patients with clinically suspected deep vein thrombosis of lower limbs or pulmonary embolism. A total of 288 patients entered the study. Venography was used as the reference standard and was assessed independently, without knowledge of the results of non-invasive methods. In the first 36 patients phleboscintigraphy and Doppler ultrasound were evaluated: sensitivity and specificity of phleboscintigraphy resulted only a little more than 50%; the method was therefore considered unreliable and subsequently abandoned. Doppler ultrasound could be evaluated upon a total of 81 patients, showing an unsatisfactory sensitivity (63%), but a quite reliable specificity (86%). Best results were obtained with strain-gauge plethysmography, using maximal venous outflow and venous capacitance as diagnostic parameters. 209 patients entered this study, and a sensitivity of about 90% with a specificity of about 95% was observed. If we consider only acute proximal deep vein thrombosis, sensitivity approaches 97%, while it is only 60% in distal deep vein thrombosis. PMID- 6231797 TI - [Germectomy of the 3d molar in orthodontics: contrasting opinions in the literature and personal considerations]. AB - In the orthodontic practice one of the controversial points is if the third molar tooth can contribute to the development of a bad occlusion or determine a relapse of a ranging, above all in the fore segment of the dental arch. The Author, after taking into consideration the favourable and the contrary subjects to an eventual germectomy of the octaves with the prophylactic or the therapeutical purpose, he finishes declaring that you can't accept a strictness of position. In fact if you can consider the utility of the germectomy in some particular cases, you mustn't yet accuse the third molar tooth to be the only cause of a bad occlusion. PMID- 6231798 TI - Correlative histochemical and biochemical studies on the adenosine triphosphatase, succinic dehydrogenase and acetylcholinesterase in the epididymis of mice after alpha-chlorohydrin treatment. AB - The present paper deals with the correlative histochemical and biochemical studies of the epididymis following the treatments of alpha-chlorohydrin. This drug was administered in chronic low dose (15 mg/kg body weight/day) for 20 and 30 days and a single high dose (90 mg/kg body weight). Histochemical alterations of ATPase, SDH and AChE were studied in various components of epididymal epithelium and the total enzyme content was measured by biochemical parameters. The study shows progressive decrease of the enzymes in the interstitium and the epithelium of both the caput and cauda epididymes with increasing dose and duration, except for the high dose effect of alpha-chlorohydrin on AChE. Since alpha-chlorohydrin decreases the androgen dependent enzymes (ATPase, SDH, AChE), there is a possibility that the drug may be antiandrogenic in nature. In such case the action of these drugs may not be directly on the spermatozoa, as proposed by earlier workers, but is mediated by changing the physiology of the epididymis, affecting the milieu in which the spermatozoa mature. PMID- 6231799 TI - Immunological investigations in aplastic anemia patients. AB - In 53 patients with aplastic anemia (AA) a number of parameters concerning immune responsiveness were analyzed. Severe monocytopenia and B-lymphocytopenia was detected in most patients, especially in those with diffuse lymphocyte infiltration in the bone marrow. T-inducer (OKT4)/T-suppressor (OKT8) ratios were normal. The mean IgG level was significantly decreased. The frequency of specific antibodies to common viruses was comparable to that of healthy donors except for cytomegalovirus to which antibodies were less frequently found. The responding capacity in MLC was normal but patients' lymphocytes were often less stimulating than control lymphocytes. Radioresistant suppressor cells were found in 1 patient. In vitro lymphocyte reactivity to mitogens and antigens was severely impaired, related to the numbers of monocytes present. When allogeneic monocytes were added, mitogen responses could be restored. PMID- 6231800 TI - [Catheter dilatation of coronary artery stenosis. 2 years' experience]. AB - We report our experiences with the first 40 patients treated by percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) over the past two years. The technique was successful in 25 patients (63%) with 28 coronary stenoses, reducing the degree of stenosis from a mean of 81 to 25% (p less than 0.001) and the coronary pressure gradient from 70 to 26 mm Hg (p less than 0.001). Because of reduction of coronary blood flow with evolving myocardial infarction an emergency aortocoronary bypass surgery was necessary in two patients (5%). An additional patient suffered a myocardial infarction (2.5%). Within a follow-up observation of 6 months, restenoses occurred in 7 patients (33%); 5 of them were treated with bypass surgery and one was redilated successfully. Our first experiences with PTCA are similar to the results of other institutions. PMID- 6231801 TI - The effect of cyclophosphamide on T lymphocytes and T lymphocyte subsets in patients with chronic progressive multiple sclerosis. AB - The lymphocytes in peripheral blood and cerebrospinal fluid of patients with chronic progressive multiple sclerosis (MS) were characterized with monoclonal antibodies to surface antigens of T cells, helper/inducer T cells and suppressor/cytotoxic T cells. The influence of cyclophosphamide treatment on these immune parameters was investigated. Compared to healthy persons, the mononuclear cell fraction of the peripheral blood of patients with chronic progressive MS consisted of normal %s of T cells and helper/inducer T cells, but decreased %s of suppressor/cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Intensive as well as chronic treatment of MS patients with cyclophosphamide resulted in a decline in the %s of T cells and helper/inducer T cells, whereas the %s of suppressor/cytotoxic T cells returned to normal. In cerebrospinal fluid, cyclophosphamide also induced a relative decrease in the % of helper/inducer T cells and an increase in the % of suppressor/cytotoxic T cells compared to untreated MS patients. Intensive as well as chronic therapy with cyclophosphamide both led to a significant decrease in the absolute number of T cells and T cell subsets in the blood of the patients. PMID- 6231802 TI - Cell-mediated immunity in seronegative spondarthritis treated with levamisole in a double-blind placebo-controlled study. AB - The T-cell mediated immunity in 21 patients with seronegative spondarthritis was tested with mitogens PHA, PWM, Con-A and MLC, and found to be reduced except when tested with Con-A. The patients were then treated with levamisole or placebo for 12 weeks in a double-blind trial. During treatment the T-cell responses normalized in both groups, and it is concluded that the enhanced response is independent of levamisole. Earlier we reported clinical improvement in levamisole treated patients and the data of the present study suggest that the effect of levamisole occurs locally in the inflamed tissues. PMID- 6231803 TI - Prevention of cardiac hypertrophy by long-term treatment with isosorbide dinitrate and prazosin but not by minoxidil in spontaneously hypertensive rats. PMID- 6231804 TI - Studies on the effect of histamine in isolated human pulmonary arteries and veins. AB - The effect of histamine (0.01-200 microM) was studied in isolated human pulmonary vessels. Histamine induced concentration dependent contractions in both arteries and veins. In veins the maximal response to histamine was lower than in arteries. Histamine and 2-methyl-histamine had a dual action in both arteries and veins clearly demonstrated in vessels precontracted with potassium. In these vessels histamine and 2-methyl-histamine induced relaxation at low concentrations and contractions at high concentrations. Veins were more sensitive to the relaxant effect of histamine than arteries. Mepyramine eliminated the dual action of 2 methyl-histamine and histamine and unveiled a mepyramine resistant relaxation at the highest histamine concentrations used which was resistant to the effect of cimetidine and metiamide. The H2 receptor agonist dimaprit (10-400 microM) induced a slight relaxation in both arteries and veins that could be eliminated by metiamide (100 microM). The results show that histamine has a dual action in human pulmonary vessels which includes a contractile effect mediated via H1 receptors and a relaxant response partly mediated through H1 receptors and partly via unspecific mechanisms. However, an H2 mediated relaxant effect cannot be excluded. PMID- 6231806 TI - Zimeldine treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Biological and neuropsychological aspects. AB - Six patients with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (DSM III) were treated in an open uncontrolled trial with Zimeldine, for 8 weeks. All six patients had cognitive deficits before treatment. Five patients improved on the clinical symptoms. Four of these showed pronounced amelioration of their cognitive deficits. PMID- 6231805 TI - Evidence for bicarbonate-dependent lithium reabsorption in dog kidneys. AB - To examine whether lithium is reabsorbed along a transcellular or a paracellular route, experiments were performed in anesthetized volume-expanded dogs under conditions of constant glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Quabain, in doses inhibiting about 80% of Na, K-ATPase, and ethacrynic acid, another inhibitor of transcellular NaCl reabsorption, did not inhibit lithium or bicarbonate reabsorption. Lithium reabsorption increased in proportion to plasma concentration of lithium (PLi) up to 12 mM, suggesting a passive transport of lithium. During ouabain administration acetazolamide halved bicarbonate reabsorption, the main driving force for paracellular reabsorption, and halved the reabsorption of lithium. The reabsorbate concentration of lithium, calculated from data obtained before and after acetazolamide infusion, was almost equal to PLi. Mannitol, which reduces paracellular osmotic transport without affecting bicarbonate reabsorption, reduced lithium and chloride reabsorption in the same proportion as acetazolamide (r = 0.87). Combined acetazolamide and mannitol administration reduced fractional lithium reabsorption to 0.09 +/- 0.02. These data indicate that lithium is not actively transported but reabsorbed passively along a paracellular route by osmotic forces provided by transcellular NaHCO3 reabsorption. PMID- 6231807 TI - [Arteria megadolichobasilaris]. PMID- 6231808 TI - Orbital venography, pathological findings. PMID- 6231809 TI - Effects of different drugs on the higher nervous activity in man. Meclophenoxate. PMID- 6231810 TI - Effects of different drugs on the higher nervous activity in man. Piracetam. PMID- 6231811 TI - On chronic effects of different drugs on the higher nervous activity in man. Placebo. PMID- 6231812 TI - On acute effects of some drugs on the higher nervous activity in man. Clorotepin (2 mg), its (+)-enantiomer (2 mg) and (-)-enantiomer (2 mg). PMID- 6231813 TI - On acute effects of some drugs on the higher nervous activity in man. Benzoctamine (10 mg), sodium hydroxybutyrate (2 g), fencamfamine (10 mg). PMID- 6231814 TI - On acute effects of some drugs on the higher nervous activity in man (the complex tactile analyser). Clorotepin (0.5 mg and 1.0 mg), methaqualone (300 mg). PMID- 6231815 TI - Information in the didactic test and its importance for classification. PMID- 6231816 TI - Modelling the school-achievement test through sequential randomization of parameters. PMID- 6231817 TI - Number of unknown and incorrectly answered questions in a set of tested subjects. PMID- 6231818 TI - Number of unknown and incorrectly answered questions in a set of tested subjects. PMID- 6231819 TI - An exact substitute of the Kruskal-Wallis test for several two-member samples. PMID- 6231820 TI - [Mathematical and statistical evaluation of latencies of evoked potentials in cats by electric stimulation of m. extensor digitorum communis, m. triceps surae and the tongue muscles]. PMID- 6231821 TI - [Mathematical and statistical evaluation of latencies of evoked potentials in cats by mechanical traction of m. extensor digitorum communis, m. triceps surae and the tongue muscles]. PMID- 6231823 TI - [Muscle spindles in the external muscles of the human tongue]. PMID- 6231822 TI - Determination of nonesterified fatty acids in cerebral tissue by gas chromatography. PMID- 6231824 TI - [Proprioception in the masticatory muscles]. PMID- 6231825 TI - [Are there neuromuscular spindles in the human lateral pterygoid muscle?]. PMID- 6231826 TI - [Muscle proprioceptors in the musculus triceps surae of the cat]. PMID- 6231827 TI - [Proprioception in the muscle spindles of the muscles of the human head]. PMID- 6231828 TI - To the problems of muscular pathology in collagen diseases. PMID- 6231829 TI - Pathophysiology, symptomatology and neurosurgery of affections of subcortical and brain stem level of motor neuroeffector (motor system). PMID- 6231830 TI - [Fatal nervous system infection without neurologic symptoms]. PMID- 6231831 TI - [Clinical picture of glioblastoma. I. Anatomy]. PMID- 6231832 TI - [Clinical picture of glioblastoma. II. Epileptic syndrome with glioblastoma]. PMID- 6231833 TI - [Comatose states in neurology. I. Physiology of consciousness disorders]. PMID- 6231834 TI - [Comatose states in neurology. II. Diagnosis and differential diagnosis of consciousness disorders]. PMID- 6231835 TI - [Anguish and general anesthesia in pedodontics]. PMID- 6231836 TI - [Approach to and care of the difficult child in the dental hospital environment]. PMID- 6231837 TI - [Role of psychologists confronted by anguish or anxiety in dentistry]. PMID- 6231838 TI - Studies on pathological plasma proteolysis in severely burned patients using chromogenic peptide substrate assays: a preliminary report. AB - Changes in components of the plasma proteolytic enzyme systems were studied in nine patients with severe burns using chromogenic peptide substrate assay technique. All patients were critically ill and five died during a four week observation period. Plasma prekallikrein, plasminogen, prothrombin and platelet values decreases regularly in all patients after the injury. These changes were seen together with a high frequency of increases serum FDP values and presence of soluble fibrin. During critical illness extensive plasma proteolysis occurred, indicated by elevated plasma kallikrein and plasmin activities combined with lowered functional plasma kallikrein inhibition, prekallikrein and plasminogen values. The study confirms that plasma pathological proteolysis occurs in patients with severe burns, and indicates that close monitoring of components of the plasma proteolytic enzyme systems can give information of prognostic and therapeutic value in the severely burned patient. PMID- 6231839 TI - Oxidation of alpha-1-proteinase inhibitor: significance for pathobiology. PMID- 6231840 TI - In vivo significance of kinetic constants of macromolecular proteinase inhibitors. PMID- 6231841 TI - Immunization against hepatitis B. PMID- 6231842 TI - Pediatric management of the physically handicapped child. PMID- 6231844 TI - [Oral health status of mentally disabled children before and after admission to a complex pedodontic treatment program]. PMID- 6231843 TI - Prostaglandins and hemostasis: an overview. PMID- 6231845 TI - Effect of etodolac on articular and bone pathology associated with adjuvant arthritis in rats: a comparison with aspirin and naproxen. AB - The effect of treatment with the new anti-inflammatory drug etodolac on the articular and bone pathology associated with adjuvant arthritis in rats has been compared to the effects produced by aspirin and naproxen. Five measures of drug effect were made (changes in hind paw edema, body weight, normal hind leg function and articular damage as assessed by radiologic and histopathologic techniques). Drug treatment was initiated 16 days after adjuvant injection when arthritis was already established and continued for either 14 or 28 days. Etodolac produced a dose-related inhibition of all arthritic changes. Results from the radiologic study indicated that etodolac not only prevented the further development of articular damage by arthritis but actually caused a regression of these lesions established before drug treatment began. Similar results were obtained from the histopathologic study. Naproxen prevented the further development of arthritic damage but aspirin, although it decreased hind paw edema and increased body weight gains, had no significant effect on the articular damage produced by arthritis. PMID- 6231846 TI - [Effects of glucocorticosteroids on ocular surface Langerhans cells]. PMID- 6231847 TI - Effects of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty: intracoronary thrombolysis with urokinase in acute myocardial infarction. AB - Coronary angiography and percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) were performed in 32 patients with evolving acute myocardial infarction. Of the 25 patients with complete occlusion of an infarct-related coronary artery, in 18 (72%) the occluded vessel was successfully opened by an intracoronary infusion of urokinase. With a small dose of urokinase the successful recanalization was achieved in only 25%; with a larger dose it was achieved in 94%. After PTCA, all patients received glucose-insulin-potassium solution for 76 hours. Repeat angiography 42 days later showed a patent coronary artery in 12 (group A) of 18 patients with successful PTCA. In group A, left ventricular ejection fraction increased from 51 +/- 13% to 72 +/- 10% (p less than 0.01) and regional wall shortening from 4.5 +/- 9.5% to 29 +/- 19% (p less than 0.01). In contrast, these variables did not change significantly in patients with unsuccessful PTCA or late reocclusion of an infarct-related vessel (group B). These data suggest that successful PTCA with sustained patency of an infarct-related coronary artery has a beneficial effect on the salvage of the jeopardized myocardium, and glucose insulin-potassium therapy may enhance the beneficial effect of PTCA. PMID- 6231848 TI - Evaluation of coronary collateral circulation in conscious humans. AB - The physiologic importance of coronary collateral vessels was investigated in 19 men undergoing transient proximal occlusion of the left anterior descending (LAD) branch without sedative medication. No vasodilators were given before LAD balloon occlusion. Six men had angiographic filling of the LAD via coronary collateral vessels (Group 1) and 13 did not (Group 2). Aortic, distal coronary and left ventricular (LV) filling pressures and great cardiac vein blood flow (thermodilution) were recorded continuously during occlusion. During LAD occlusion, clinical and electrocardiographic evidence for transient myocardial ischemia occurred more often in patients in Group 2 than in Group 1, but the difference was not statistically significant. Heart rate and aortic and distal coronary pressures were similar in Groups 1 and 2. LV filling pressure was 3 mm Hg higher in Group 2 patients (p less than 0.05). The aortic to distal coronary pressure difference and the distal coronary to LV filling pressure difference were also similar in Groups 1 and 2. However, residual great cardiac vein flow was 55% higher (p less than 0.05) and the calculated coronary collateral resistance index was 45% lower in patients in Group 2 compared with those in Group 1 (p less than 0.01). Coupling of regional coronary venous blood flow estimates to pressure measurements routinely made during angioplasty is a new technique that allows evaluation of determinants of coronary collateral function in conscious humans.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6231849 TI - Plasma norepinephrine and left ventricular hypertrophy in systemic hypertension. AB - The relations between some pressure and humoral factors, and some echocardiographic indexes of left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy were studied in 64 patients with essential hypertension. Fifty-seven percent of these patients showed echocardiographic evidence of LV hypertrophy (LV mass greater than 215 g). Multivariate stepwise regression analysis showed that only mean blood pressure (BP) and circulating norepinephrine (NE) levels were significantly related to LV mass index in the group of patients with LV hypertrophy. However, mean BP was the only factor related to LV mass index in the subgroup of patients with LV hypertrophy and plasma NE within the normal laboratory range, whereas NE was the sole factor related to LV mass index in the subgroup with LV hypertrophy and abnormally elevated NE levels (greater than mean + 2 standard deviations of the normal laboratory range). Correlation of LV mass index vs NE was -0.35 (not significant) in the former group of patients and 0.89 (p less than 0.01) in the latter group. NE showed no relation with the echocardiographic variables in the hypertensive patients without LV hypertrophy; in this group, diastolic BP was the only factor related to LV mass index. Circulating NE levels were slightly higher in patients with LV hypertrophy (213 +/- 68 ng/liter) than in those without LV hypertrophy (187 +/- 46 ng/liter), but differences were not significant when adjusting NE for age. Plasma renin activity was not dissimilar in the absence or presence of hypertrophy. In conclusion, our findings suggest that NE might be associated with pressure factors in regulating LV hypertrophy development only in a subgroup of hypertensive patients characterized by echocardiographic LV hypertrophy and abnormally elevated circulating NE levels. PMID- 6231850 TI - Long-term captopril therapy for chronic congestive heart failure. AB - Although the short-term hemodynamic and clinical responses to angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition in patients with congestive heart failure (CHF) are well known, little information is available about the long-term results of captopril therapy. In the present study, 15 stable outpatients received captopril therapy and were followed for a mean of 19 months (range 6 to 27) with serial clinical assessments and measurements of exercise tolerance, ejection fraction (EF) and cardiothoracic ratio. Exercise tolerance on a modified Naughton protocol improved from 10.5 +/- 2.7 to 12.7 +/- 2.4 minutes (mean +/- standard deviation) at 3 months (p less than 0.001), tended to increase progressively up to 12 months and remained significantly increased even after 24 months (9.7 +/- 1.8 vs 13.5 +/ 4.0 minutes, p less than 0.05). However, individual responses were variable; 4 patients did not show measurable improvement. Left ventricular EF increased from 0.20 +/- 0.06 to 0.25 +/- 0.06 (p less than 0.01) at 3 months and remained higher (0.30 +/- 0.12, p less than 0.02) at latest follow-up. Cardiothoracic ratio decreased from 0.59 +/- 0.04 to 0.56 +/- 0.05 (p less than 0.02) at 3 months and remained significantly lower at 12 months and at latest follow-up, although again individual responses were variable. Clinical responses generally correlated with these objective measurements, with clinical classification on a scale modified from the New York Heart Association classification improving from 3.0 +/- 0.6 to 2.3 +/- 0.5 (p less than 0.01) at 3 months and remaining improved throughout the follow-up period.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6231851 TI - Electrocardiogram of the athlete: an analysis of 289 professional football players. AB - The electrocardiogram (ECG) of athletes reflects physiologic cardiovascular adaptations that occur in well-conditioned individuals. To more clearly define electrocardiographic changes seen in predominantly power-trained athletes, the ECGs of 289 apparently healthy professional football players were analyzed in detail. The players, aged 21 to 35 years, one-third of whom were black, had a mean body surface area of 2.24 m2, a mean heart rate at rest of 56 +/- 9 beats/min (with 77% (223) having a rate of less than 60 beats/min), and a mean P axis of 30 +/- 25 degrees. A wide QRS-T angle (greater than 60 degrees) was present in 14% (41 players) of the group. The mean PR interval was 0.18 +/- 0.02 second (greater than 0.21 in 9% [26 players]). Although two-thirds of the players had a QRS duration of 0.10 second, only 1 had right bundle branch block and none had left bundle branch block. The sum of S in lead V1 plus R in lead V5 averaged 37 +/- 9 mm, with 35% (101 players) demonstrating voltage criteria for left ventricular hypertrophy. The S + R value varied inversely with weight (r = -0.27, p less than 0.002). The maximum T height in any lead had a mean of 8.6 +/- 3 mm, with 22% (64 players) having a T height greater than or equal to 11 mm. U waves were universally present. ST-T changes mimicking ischemia were noted in 39 of 289 players (13%), 22 (58%) of whom were black (p less than 0.001). The maximal J point elevation in any lead averaged 1.9 +/- 0.9 mm.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6231852 TI - Coronary blood flow in genetic cardiac hypertrophy. AB - 6he effects of cardiac hypertrophy on coronary circulation was evaluated in 4 related strains of rats: the M520/N strain (n = 7), which has genetic cardiac hypertrophy but a normal blood pressure; the LA/N strain (n = 8), which has a somewhat small heart with normal blood pressure; the SHRSP/N strain (n = 8), which is hypertensive with marked left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy; and the WKY/N strain (n = 7), from which the SHR-Sp was developed. At 11 to 12 weeks of age, systemic and coronary hemodynamics were studied by 15-mu radioactive microspheres injected through the left atrium in conscious, unrestrained rats. Coronary blood flow was determined both at rest and after maximal vasodilation by carbochrome (6 mg/kg). LV weight was significantly higher in both the SHRSP/N (3.19 +/- 0.10 mg/g [+/- standard error], p less than 0.01) and the M520/N (2.82 +/- 0.08 mg/g, p less than 0.01) strains than in the WKY/N strain (2.30 +/- 0.08 mg/g); it was significantly smaller in the LA/N strain (1.96 +/- 0.04 mg/g, p less than 0.01). Coronary flow at rest was similar among the 4 groups; however, carbochrome-induced "maximal" flow differed among the groups. It was almost equal among the SHRSP/N (1,176 +/- 151 ml/m/100 g), the LA/N (1,356 +/- 149 ml/m/100 g) and the WKY/N strains (1,263 +/- 143 ml/m/100 g), but it was markedly decreased in the M520/N strain compared with the 3 other groups (632 +/- 83 ml/m/100 g, p less than 0.05 vs WKY/N and p less than 0.01 vs SHRSP/N and LA/N).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6231853 TI - Familial Uhl's anomaly in the adult. PMID- 6231854 TI - Cardiac complications in juvenile hyperthyroidism. AB - During a retrospective study, we discovered unusual cardiac manifestations in seven of 21 hyperthyroid patients. Three patients had a transient apical systolic murmur, one had persistent cardiomegaly, and the remaining three had persistent apical systolic murmurs and cardiomegaly; mitral regurgitation and congestive heart failure developed in two of these three patients. Severe, persistent cardiac complications occurred only in patients who had prolonged hyperthyroidism caused by poor compliance with antithyroid drug treatment. PMID- 6231855 TI - Gonococcal perihepatitis: diagnostic and therapeutic value of laparoscopy. AB - Two patients with pelvic and right hypochondrial pain and with purulent vaginal exudate in which Neisseria gonorrhoeae was isolated, are presented. Laparoscopy was used in both cases. A diagnosis of perihepatitis was made by demonstrating the typical adhesions in "violin string" shape and by obtaining clinical improvement after breaking up those adhesions. Our conclusion is that laparoscopy is a useful diagnostic and therapeutic procedure in young women with pain in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen and with signs of lower genital infection. PMID- 6231856 TI - Lymphocyte subsets in patients with aplastic anemia. AB - Lymphocyte subsets were enumerated in a group of 31 patients with aplastic anemia. Abnormal numbers of immunoregulatory T-cells were found in some patients: 26% of them showed a reversed helper/suppressor ratio. Seven of 18 patients showed significantly decreased proliferation in response to PWM; this hyporesponsiveness was present in 75% of patients with a reversed helper/suppressor ratio and in 10% of those with a normal helper/suppressor ratio (R = 0.66, P = 0.008). Eight of 18 patients showed suppressor activity over PWM induced allogeneic cell proliferation. This suppressive activity did not correlate with T-cell phenotype. Of the patients with a low number of T-cells, 73% had responded to treatment, whereas of those patients with a normal number of T-cells, 26% had responded (P = 0.016). The results are consistent with abnormal immune response in selected patients with aplastic anemia, and suggest a possible influence of T-cells on disease process. PMID- 6231857 TI - "Leukemic" pattern of in vitro growth in a patient with Down syndrome and transient myeloproliferative disorder. AB - Peripheral blood cells from a female infant with Down syndrome and over 60% circulating myeloblasts were cultured in soft agar. Growth was virtually restricted to cluster formation, and cluster-forming cells resided almost exclusively in the very light density fraction (SG less than 1.062). Morphological assessment of clusters revealed no evidence of cellular differentiation beyond the blast cell stage. Despite receiving no specific chemotherapy, the peripheral blood normalized within 2 months, and there was no evidence of leukemia when the patient died aged 1 year from cardiac pathology. The findings indicate that caution should be exercised when assessing prognosis on the basis of in vitro growth characteristics in such patients. PMID- 6231858 TI - HLA and trisomy 21. Confirmation of a trend of restricted HLA heterogeneity in parents of Down syndrome children. AB - As the HLA system could play a role in the in utero selection process against abnormal fetuses, HLA-A and -B antigens were evidenced in 30 children with trisomy 21 and in their parents, using a standard microlymphocytotoxicity test. The comparison group included 60 families among whom 39 had HLA typing for paternity exclusion and 21 had been previously selected for a segregation study. Both groups consisted of nonconsanguineous Caucasians from the same geographical area. The Down syndrome (DS) children did not show a significant association with a specific HLA antigen. However, six out of 30 couples having a DS child showed two antigens shared at the A and/or B locus, compared to seven out of 60 control couples. The shared parental antigens were not selectively inherited, and the proportion of homozygote children at one locus was lower for DS (5/30) than for controls (13/60). These findings demonstrate the same trend as previously published but need to be confirmed by other investigators. Perhaps a strong selective pressure in favor of heterozygotes contributes to a better survival rate, as suggested from histocompatibility studies in animals. PMID- 6231859 TI - A search for a paternal-age effect upon cases of 47, +21 in which the extra chromosome is of paternal origin. AB - If there is a paternal-age effect for 47, +21, it would appear most likely to be present primarily, if not exclusively, in cases in which the extra chromosome is of paternal origin. To search for such an effect, data were reviewed from seven series reporting at least four cases of 47, +21 of paternal origin. The mean of the paternal age-maternal-age difference of such cases (dp) in each series was compared with the mean of the paternal-age differences of cases in the same series that were of maternal origin (dm). If the difference between these (dp - dm or delta) is greater than zero, then this would imply a positive paternal-age effect among cases of paternal origin, at least compared to those of maternal origin. In the seven series, the values of delta ranged from -2.2 years to +3.4 years, and there was no evidence in these comparisons for any consistent trend. A second analysis controlled for any effect of maternal-age variation upon this difference. Each case of paternal origin was matched with a case of maternal origin in the same series that was of the same maternal age. Of 60 cases of paternal origin, exact matches were found for 38. In these 38, the mean value of the difference in parental ages, dp - dm or delta, was negative, about -1.1 (+/- 5.1 years). The difference was highest for the nine cases of paternal origin in which the extra chromosome resulted from presumptive second-division non disjunction, -1.8 (+/- 3.8 years).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6231860 TI - Adverse reactions in selected patients following intravenous infusions of gamma globulin. AB - Fifteen patients with hypogammaglobulinemia or agammaglobulinemia were treated with intravenous gamma globulin preparation over a 17-month period. The patients were selected for treatment if they had chronic antibody deficiency syndromes associated with increased susceptibility to infections. Levels of circulating immune complexes, C1q, C3, and C3d were determined in serum samples obtained before treatment and immediately following treatment with the gamma globulin. In every patient studied, circulating immune complexes were detectable in the postinfusion samples. Two patients had adverse reactions to the intravenous gamma globulin therapy. Analysis of the serum samples of both of these patients showed that one patient had an autoantibody to IgA and the other had an autoantibody to beta-lipoprotein. Both IgA and beta-lipoprotein were present in the intravenous gamma globulin preparations. Therefore, reaction with each of the autoantibodies by the antigens activated the complement system in vivo with production of split products of C3. PMID- 6231861 TI - Hemodynamic basis for human acute renal failure (vasomotor nephropathy). AB - Oliguric acute renal failure in man is characterized by intense outer cortical vasoconstriction and a marked increase in preglomerular resistance. The degree of preglomerlar resistance change needed to cause the expected 50 to 80 percent fall in blood flow far exceeds the level that would totally abolish filtration. By contrast, equal 3.0-fold increases in both pre- and postglomerular resistance provide this same degree of ischemia but leave filtration very well maintained. Such a scenario seems unlikely, however, since it would entail a mere 15 to 25 percent decrease in preglomerular resistance vessel caliber rather than the extreme attenuation observed. By contrast, there are reasons to believe that preglomerular constriction may be accompanied by postglomerular vascular relaxation. In sum, unless cortical ischemia reflects precisely matched increases in pre- and postglomerular resistances, filtration failure is inevitable in human vasomotor nephropathy. PMID- 6231862 TI - Brief clinical report: prune belly syndrome: observations supporting the hypothesis of abdominal overdistention. AB - We report on an infant with the prune belly syndrome who was unusual in that the typical manifestations of the disorder were accompanied by an anterior abdominal wall defect. We speculate that this defect may have occurred as a result of splitting of the abdominal wall secondary to massive bladder dilatation and stretching of the abdominal muscles. An alternative explanation is that the defect may have been the result of secondary pressure necrosis from stretching forces or from contact with another structure, such as the cervix. This case lends further support to the hypothesis that bladder distention with overdistention of the abdomen may be the primary event leading to the findings observed in the prune belly syndrome. PMID- 6231864 TI - Coaxial tubing for conventional anaesthetic systems. AB - A simple connecting device is described which enables coaxial tubing to be used on many conventional ventilators and circle systems at low cost. PMID- 6231865 TI - The Rovenstine Lecture, 1983: cardiovascular anesthesia: perceptions and perspectives. PMID- 6231863 TI - Clinical trials with crystal growth conditioning as an alternative to acid-etch enamel pretreatment. AB - It has been claimed that different ion solutions containing sulfate induce crystal growth and might be a better alternative than conventional acid etching for enamel pretreatment in bracket bonding. It should thus combine optimal bond strength with easy and quick debonding. Two clinical experiments were performed to test this hypothesis. The first experiment dealt with the debonding procedure. Following conditioning with dilute sulfuric acid which contained sodium sulfate (to be termed solution A) on one side of the mouth and etching with 37% phosphoric acid on the other, brackets were bonded on the maxillary and mandibular incisors of twenty dental nurse students. Debracketing and a subsequent cleanup procedure were performed after 2 days. The mode of loosening was mainly between the enamel surface and adhesive on the crystal-growth conditioned teeth and between the bracket mesh and adhesive on the teeth etched with phosphoric acid. This difference in mode of loosening was statistically significant (P less than 0.001). In the second experiment, which dealt with the clinical bond strength, 250 brackets were bonded in forty patients. One side served as a control and was conventionally acid etched. On the experimental side conditioning was done with solution A in thirty patients. In ten patients, 10% phosphoric acid was added to the dilute sulfuric acid used (to be termed solution B). Failure rates and modes of failure were recorded for a 6-month period.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6231866 TI - [Anesthesiologic and resuscitation services to rural inhabitants of the Voronezh Region]. PMID- 6231867 TI - The pathologic basis of angioplasty. AB - Traditionally it has been said that transluminal angioplasty increases lumen diameter by compression and remodeling of atheromatous material. Recently, a new concept explaining the mechanics of angioplasty was described which challenges the classic concept of Dotter. It was argued that arterial balloon dilatation is achieved by intimal disruption and overstretching of the arterial wall, not by remodeling of atheromatous material. PMID- 6231868 TI - Clinical use of blood flowmeters. AB - The concept of an electromagnetic flowmeter was first described by Kolin in 1936. He demonstrated that with the flowmeter which required surgical exposure of the blood vessel for probe contact but not requiring cannulation, it was possible to follow rapid flow changes and that the deflection bore a linear relationship to flow. Twenty years later a greatly improved circuitry and design was described by Denison and Spencer. Soon thereafter, a number of investigators, notably Schenk and his colleagues utilizing the square wave electromagnetic flowmeter and Cannon and his colleagues with the sine wave electromagnetic flowmeter reported on a number of experimental and clinical studies on blood flow measurements. My introduction to blood flow measurements was through Ferguson who had had a flowmeter and flowmeter probes constructed according to the design of Denison and Spencer. Our first report on flow measurements in patients with peripheral arterial disease was made in 1960. Electromagnetic flowmeters and probes available today are a vast improvement in ease of use, reliability and accuracy, thus the pertinent question is whether or not the information that can be obtained with it would warrant its routine clinical use. We started with a flowmeter constructed by following a schematic diagram and hand winding our own probes, then to the purchase of Medicon 2000, then Medicon 4000, and to our present unit, the SP2204. The advancement in instrumentation has been truly remarkable. All intraoperative blood pressure measurements are made with direct arterial puncture with 23 size needle with the hub removed and needle tip fitted to polyethylene tube connected to a strain gauge.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6231869 TI - [The neuromuscular junction and mechanism of action of curariform drugs]. PMID- 6231870 TI - Antisperm responses in male dogs with chronic Brucella canis infections. AB - Male Beagles infected with Brucella canis for greater than or equal to 3 months developed serum antibodies that agglutinated normal canine spermatozoa. Titers were highest in dogs that had been infected for 4 to 6 months. Lower spermagglutinin titers were detected in sera collected 10 months after inoculation. Antibodies were also observed in seminal plasma of chronically infected dogs. Seminal plasma from infected, but not from clinically normal dogs, caused head-to-head agglutination of normal sperm. In contrast to macroagglutination of sperm by serum antibodies, agglutination by seminal plasma antibodies was detected only by microscopic examination. Seminal plasma agglutinins were not inactivated by heat (56 C, 1 hour) or by reduction with 2 mercaptoethanol. When seminal plasma and sperm were mixed with 2 hemolytic units of guinea pig complement, spermatozoa were not inactivated. Spermagglutinin activity was present in the first 2 spectral absorption peaks of Sephadex G-200 fractionated seminal plasma. Fractions that had the highest spermagglutinin titers contained mostly immunoglobulin A. Seminal plasma from infected dogs also contained cytophilic factors for normal splenic macrophages that caused sperm adherence to macrophages. Dogs with a bacteremia lasting greater than 4 months had cutaneous delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions when tested with soluble canine testicular extracts. Reactions did not occur in normal dogs. Dogs with testicular atrophy had the most severe skin test responses. Seemingly, isoimmune responses to sperm antigens are involved in infertility caused by B canis infection of male dogs. PMID- 6231871 TI - Alveolar T-cell subsets in pulmonary sarcoidosis. Correlation with disease activity and effect of steroid treatment. AB - Alveolar lymphocytes, obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage in 35 patients with sarcoidosis, were analyzed with monoclonal antibodies to lymphocyte subsets. Untreated patients had significantly higher percentages of Leu 3a (+) T helper inducer cells (THI) and significantly lower Leu 2a (+) T cytotoxic-suppressor cells (TCS) within the alveolar lymphocyte population than did normal control subjects (p less than 0.002). The mean ratio of alveolar THI to TCS cells was 6.20 +/- 3.76 versus 1.44 +/- 0.54 in control subjects (p less than 0.002). Untreated patients had a percentual enrichment of THI cells among alveolar lymphocytes relative to blood (p less than 0.0002), whereas TCS cells in percent of lymphocytes were lower in alveolar lavage fluid than in blood (p less than 0.002). These shifts were not observed in the control subjects. Patients with high-intensity alveolitis (i.e., T cells constituted 28% or more of alveolar inflammatory cells) had significantly greater proportions of THI cells among alveolar lymphocytes than did those with low-intensity alveolitis (p less than 0.01). This percent of alveolar THI cells correlated positively with the number of lymphocytes and T cells in percent of alveolar cells (p less than 0.03), which both are indexes of disease activity. In untreated patients who were lavaged at least twice, a decrease in the THI/TCS ratio was found to accompany or precede radiologic and clinical improvement, but the initial THI/TCS ratio was not predictive of further evolution. Steroid treatment decreased the THI/TCS ratio with a marked increase in the proportion of TCS cells. These changes were independent of an effect on the number of alveolar lymphocytes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6231872 TI - Tubal conservation with ectopic gestations. A reappraisal. AB - Ectopic pregnancies have shown an increasing trend during the past decade. Factors that appear to be responsible are the intrauterine device (IUD), fallopian tube surgery (ligation reversals, reconstructive tuboplasty), and more effective antibiotics against pelvic inflammatory disease (precluding radical pelvic surgery). Our ability to diagnose an ectopic pregnancy at an earlier gestation (prior to rupture) through the use of highly sensitive pregnancy tests (Beta-HCG), ultrasonography, and diagnostic laparoscopy, has significantly altered our approach in treatment. Because these ectopic gestations are seen in a younger population, older nulliparous patients, and patients who desire future fertility, earlier diagnosis precludes an emergency approach to a now-elective procedure. In this paper, we will explore the pros and cons of conservative management for ectopic pregnancies, emphasizing present day evaluation and microsurgical approaches for repair. PMID- 6231873 TI - Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia: a comparison between patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and patients with other immunodeficiencies. AB - Clinical features of 49 episodes of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome were compared with those of 39 episodes in patients with other immunosuppressive diseases. At presentation patients with the syndrome were found to have a longer median duration of symptoms (28 days versus 5 days, p = 0.0001), lower mean respiratory rate (23.4 versus 30, p = 0.005), and higher median room air arterial oxygen tension (69 mm Hg versus 52 mm Hg, p = 0.0002). The survival rate from 1979 to 1983 was similar for the two groups (57% and 50% respectively). Patients with the syndrome had a higher incidence of adverse reactions to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (22 of 34 versus 2 of 17, p = 0.0007). Survivors with the syndrome at initial presentation had a significantly lower respiratory rate, and higher room air arterial oxygen tension, lymphocyte count, and serum albumin level compared to nonsurvivors. Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia presents as a more insidious disease process in patients with the syndrome, and drug therapy in these patients is complicated by frequent adverse reactions. PMID- 6231874 TI - Cardiovascular abnormalities associated with adult polycystic kidney disease. AB - In a combined retrospective and prospective study, 11 patients with adult polycystic kidney disease were found to have one or more cardiac or aortic lesions. Seven patients had primary dilatation of the aortic root and annulus with aortic regurgitation. The severity of the aortic regurgitation necessitated aortic valve replacement in 2. Mitral regurgitation was present in 3 patients, of whom 2 had documented redundant mitral leaflets and ruptured chordae tendinae, and the third had mitral valve prolapse. Histologic analysis of available aortic and mitral valve tissue from these acquired lesions showed myxomatous degeneration with loss and disruption of collagen. Four patients had congenital bicuspid aortic valves with aortic regurgitation; 1 of these patients also had mild valvular stenosis, and 1 had coarctation of the aorta. PMID- 6231875 TI - Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy and monoclonal B-cell proliferation. AB - A 34-year-old man who used intravenous drugs developed the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome with lymphadenopathy, Mycobacterium tuberculosis pneumonia, and progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. Early biopsy specimens of the lymph node showed hyperplasia without evidence of lymphoma. Later, immunologic analysis of peripheral blood lymphocytes showed inversion of the helper/suppressor T-lymphocyte ratio and persistent monoclonal B-cell proliferation without clinically overt lymphoma. The clinical course of this patient suggests that abnormal immune responses seen in the setting of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome may evolve into lymphoproliferative disorders detectable by peripheral blood lymphocyte analysis. PMID- 6231876 TI - Hepatic arterial chemotherapy for colorectal cancer metastatic to the liver. AB - Hepatic metastases of colorectal origin are resistant to radiation and immunotherapy. Traditional intravenous chemotherapy produces responses in 10% to 30% of patients, and surgical resection is feasible in approximately 20% of patients who have a solitary or unilobar lesion. Infusion of cytotoxic agents into the hepatic artery, introduced 2 decades ago, is the most promising form of therapy for unresectable hepatic metastases. Fluorouracil, floxuridine, and mitomycin have been most commonly administered by hepatic arterial infusion. The recent development of a totally implantable pump has allowed prolonged ambulatory infusion of chemotherapeutic agents into the hepatic artery. We review the recent data on the pharmacology, therapeutic outcome, administration techniques, and complications of hepatic arterial chemotherapy. Future trials in this area should use uniform stratification variables and standardized criteria for evaluating response, time to progression, and survival. PMID- 6231877 TI - Similarities between transplantation antigens on methylcholanthrene-induced sarcomas and T-cell regulatory molecules. AB - Successful interaction among T-cell subsets requires, among other things, homology at certain genetic loci that code for cellular interaction molecules (CIM). One such interaction, the induction of an acceptor-cell population by an Ly-1 T-suppressor-inducer cell, is controlled by genes that map to the variable region of the immunoglobulin heavy chain (Igh) complex. If the suppressor-induced cells (or their cell-free products) do not share Igh-V polymorphisms with their acceptor cells, the induction event fails to take place. Recently, structural genes of a transplantation antigen on the methylcholanthrene-induced sarcoma Meth A were mapped to the same region of chromosome 12 as the Igh gene complex. We tested whether there was any relationship between the Meth A transplantation antigen and T-cell regulatory molecules by using antisera against the Meth A antigen to block this particular Igh-linked T-T interaction. We found that isoantisera against a large number of methylcholanthrene-induced sarcomas tested were capable of blocking the induction of T-suppressor cells so long as the inducer and acceptor cells bore the Igha polymorphism. Further, we found a structural gene on MC-induced tumors that could absorb out this activity, and the structural gene for this antigen is coded for the same region as the Igh gene loci. The antisera binds to the I-J+ portion of a T-cell regulatory molecule Ly-1 TsiF, the portion of the molecule that has no specificity for antigen and imparts the Igh-linked genetic restriction. The implications of these findings for both oncology and immunology were discussed. PMID- 6231878 TI - The role of B-cell I region encoded antigens in T-cell dependent B-cell activation: I region encoded antigen density correlates with idiotype expression. PMID- 6231879 TI - Idiotype connection between anti-arsonate and anti-dinitrophenyl responses in BALB/c mice. PMID- 6231880 TI - Cellular and molecular mechanisms that regulate idiotype expression in myeloma cells. PMID- 6231881 TI - Maternal-fetal transfer of a state of idiotypic suppression. PMID- 6231882 TI - The use of a small synthetic antigen to study immune regulation by way of idiotypes. PMID- 6231883 TI - [Significance of laparoscopy in the diagnosis of cholestasis in infants]. PMID- 6231884 TI - [Value of functional vascular study during endoluminal angioplasty in patients with obliterative arteriopathy of the legs]. AB - Femoral blood flow, circulation time and arterial pressure at different levels, at rest and after a supervised treadmill test, were measured in 20 patients with obliterating arteriopathy of the lower limbs treated by percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA), in a context of non-invasive vascular functional investigation. These haemodynamic parameters were measured pre-operatively, on the 1st post-operative day and in some case up to 18 months subsequently. Results on the whole were most satisfactory. In 18 patients, the haemodynamic improvement which was observed on the first post-operative day and confirmed by the clinical course persisted long after PTA; in one patient, with relapse of his haemodynamic signs, repeat angioplasty was carried out; another patient was referred for surgery after further clinical and haemodynamic deterioration. In the diagnosis and haemodynamic monitoring of patients with vascular stenoses, particularly those that have been treated by PTA, non-invasive functional investigation constitutes an important step, which is both effective and simple to carry out. PMID- 6231885 TI - Comparison of properties of woodchuck hepatitis virus and human hepatitis B virus endogenous DNA polymerases. AB - The principal properties of the DNA polymerases of woodchuck hepatitis virus and human hepatitis B virus were compared. The enzymes of both viruses exhibited optimal activities in the same range of pH, ionic strength, and MgCl2 concentration. Like human hepatitis B virus DNA polymerase, the woodchuck hepatitis virus DNA polymerase was strongly inhibited by phosphonoformic acid but not by phosphonoacetic acid and aphidicolin. Similar inhibition patterns for both enzymes were observed with arabinofuranosyl nucleotides (9-beta-D arabinofuranosyladenine-5'-triphosphate, 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine-5' triphosphate, 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylthymine-5'-triphosphate) and dideoxythymidine triphosphate, whereas no effect was obtained with corresponding nucleosides. The therapeutic significance of these results and the relevance of the woodchuck as an experimental animal model for the study of human hepatitis B virus infections are discussed. PMID- 6231886 TI - Cytoplasmic proteins of Streptococcus mutans (serotype c) and their interaction with fluoride. AB - The protein profile of the cytoplasmic proteins of Streptococcus mutans GS-5 was determined by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Use of this recently developed, high-resolution analytical tool showed in excess of 140 cytoplasmic proteins. The profile consisted of mostly acidic components with pI values between 3.70 and 5.30 and relative molecular weights mainly in the 13,000 to 90,000 range. With sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, the proteins were resolved into 40 to 45 components. The binding of fluoride by the proteins reached a maximum value in 15 min, and it was linear with exogenous F- doses of up to 60 to 80 ppm per mg of protein (60 to 80 micrograms/g). The proteins bound 22 to 138 times more F- from assay mixtures containing 1 mM CaCl2 than from assay mixtures containing such ions as HgCl2, ZnCl2, CuCl2, MgCl2, MnCl2, or SnCl2. When NaF, SnF2, NH4F, CsF, (CH3)4NF, and Na2PO3F were used as sources of F- (adjusted to 10 ppm of F- in all cases), the proteins bound 2.1, 1.8, 1.6, 1.4, and 0.3 ppm of F- per mg of protein, respectively. Initial fractionation of the plasma proteins by preparative column isoelectric focusing indicated that proteins with pI values of 4.1 to 4.5 as well as those with pI values of 5.0 to 5.3 bound twice as much F- as did the proteins outside these pI values. PMID- 6231887 TI - The relationship of Mo, molybdopterin, and the cyanolyzable sulfur in the Mo cofactor. AB - Reconstitution of the apoprotein of the molybdoenzyme nitrate reductase in extracts of the Neurospora crassa mutant nit-1 with molybdenum cofactor released by denaturation of purified molybdoenzymes is efficient in the absence of exogenous MoO2-4 under defined conditions. Evidence is presented that this molybdate-independent reconstitution is due to transfer of intact Mo cofactor, a complex of Mo and molybdopterin (MPT), the organic constituent of the cofactor. This complex can be separated from denatured protein by gel filtration, and from excess MoO2-4 by reverse-phase HPLC. Sulfite oxidase, native xanthine dehydrogenase, and cyanolyzed xanthine dehydrogenase are equipotent Mo cofactor donors. Other well-studied inactive forms of xanthine dehydrogenase are also shown to be good cofactor sources. Using xanthine dehydrogenase specifically radiolabeled in the cyanolyzable sulfur, it is shown that this terminal ligand of Mo is rapidly removed from Mo cofactor under the conditions used for reconstitution. PMID- 6231889 TI - Inactivation of mitochondrial ATPase by ultraviolet light. AB - The present work describes experiments that show that far-ultraviolet irradiation induce the inhibition of ATPase activity in both membrane-bound and soluble F1. It was also found that ultraviolet light promotes the release of tightly bound adenine nucleotides from F1-ATPase. Experiments carried out with submitochondrial particles indicate that succinate partially protects against these effects of ultraviolet light. Titration of sulfhydryl groups in both irradiated submitochondrial particles and soluble F1-ATPase indicates that a conformational change induced by photochemical modifications of amino acid residues appears involved in the inactivation of the enzyme. Finally, experiments are described which show that the tyrosine residue located in the active site of F1-ATPase is modified by ultraviolet irradiation. PMID- 6231888 TI - Amine fluorescamine compounds inhibit oxidative phosphorylation in rat liver mitochondria. AB - The reaction of fluorescamine with ammonia, benzylamine, o,p-dimethylbenzylamine, 2-phenylethylamine, p-aminobenzoic acid, and the mycosamine-containing macrolide antibiotic, amphotericin B, yield compounds which induce significant effects on mitochondrial activities. From their effects on energy-yielding processes which lead to transmembranous proton movements, the compounds may be divided into three classes. While all modifiers significantly inhibit proton movement induced by both ATP hydrolysis and electron transfer in mitochondria, their influence on the primary energy yielding steps are quite different. Class I modifiers, e.g., the compound made from amphotericin B, inhibit electron transfer but have no effect on the Pi release associated with ATP hydrolysis. Class II modifiers, e.g., the compound made from benzylamine, inhibit respiration but stimulate Pi release. Class III modifiers, e.g., the compound made from p-aminobenzoic acid, on the other hand, only slightly increase Pi release but have no effect on redox reactions. These and other effects of the modifiers are taken to mean that the proton movements and their associated energy-yielding processes are only linked indirectly. The effects of the modifiers on State 3 mitochondrial activities were also investigated. Although all the modifiers decrease the rates of both State 3 respiration and its coupled ATP synthesis, the efficiency of energy conversion measured by the P/O ratio remains unaltered. PMID- 6231890 TI - In vivo and in vitro incorporation of endogenous nucleotides by the energy transducing ATPase of Streptococcus faecalis. AB - The soluble ATPase isolated from Streptococcus faecalis membranes containing tightly bound endogenous nucleotides do not exchange in the presence of ATP and Mg+2 added during the purification of the enzyme. In this paper the stoichiometry of endogenous nucleotides in the soluble ATPase obtained from (a) growing cells, (b) nongrowing glycolyzing cells, and (c) isolated cell membranes has been defined. The time course of incorporation was also studied in nongrowing, glycolyzing cells and isolated cell membranes. In all cases, 1-2 mol of nucleotide was bound per mol of enzyme. Maximal incorporation required approximately 1 h at 38 degrees C. Incorporation of cytoplasmic nucleotide into the enzyme occurred by a process of slow exchange for bound nucleotide. N,N' dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, which inhibits the membrane-bound ATPase and prevents generation of the protonmotive force, had no effect on incorporation of endogenous nucleotides in glycolyzing cells. Treatment of glycolyzing cells with gramicidin D plus K+, which dissipates the protonmotive force but has no effect on ATPase activity, did not inhibit incorporation of nucleotide. These results support the view that the slow exchange-incorporation of endogenous nucleotide(s) is independent of ATP hydrolysis and a protonmotive force. An in vitro system for the study of nucleotide binding at endogenous sites is described. PMID- 6231891 TI - Friedreich's ataxia. A clinical review with neurophysiological and echocardiographic findings. AB - In a review of twelve cases of Friedreich's ataxia, the important criteria for early diagnosis were identified. Clinical signs included absent tendon reflexes, ataxic gait, and a positive Romberg test. Nerve conduction velocities showed absent or severely slowed sensory conduction, with normal motor conduction. In addition, echocardiographic changes of symmetrical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy were found. PMID- 6231892 TI - [Effect of etomidate sulfate on the oxidative activity of rat liver, kidney and heart in vitro]. PMID- 6231894 TI - Clinical sacroiliac tests in ankylosing spondylitis and other causes of low back pain--2 studies. AB - Independent assessment by 2 observers of 4 tests for sacroiliac (SI) pain in patients with either mechanical/degenerative low back pain (M/D LBP) or ankylosing spondylitis (AS) showed all 4 to be reproducible, but only 2 of them, namely, pressure over the anterior superior iliac spines and pressure over the lower half of the sacrum, gave worthwhile discrimination. Positive results in these 2 tests were significantly associated with definite AS but also with the combination of low back pain, the HLA B27 antigen, and normal or near normal radiographs, a condition we have called presumptive ankylosing spondylitis. PMID- 6231893 TI - Quantitative sacroiliac scintiscanning: a sensitive and objective method for assessing efficacy of nonsteroidal, anti-inflammatory drugs in patients with sacroiliitis. AB - Serial computer assisted quantitative sacroiliac scintiscanning (SI joint/sacrum ratios) 3 hours after low dosage (5 mCi) 99mTc methylene diphosphonate has been used as an objective index of sacroiliitis in a single blind 14-day cross-over comparison of azapropazone 600 mg b.d. and naproxen 500 mg b.d. in 18 patients with active sacroiliitis. Clinical assessments included visual analogue scales for measurement of pain and early morning stiffness, chest expansion, a modified Schober test, and goniometric measurement of thoracolumbar spinal flexion by means of an inclinometer. Statistically significant decreases in pain (p less than 0.001) and early morning stiffness (p less than 0.001) followed treatment with each NSAID, but there was no significant difference in the fall in these parameters, although 15 out of 18 patients expressed a preference for naproxen. Chest expansion and thoracolumbar flexion were not significantly affected by either drug. Serial quantitative scintigraphy showed a mean fall in joint sacrum ratios following each treatment which was statistically significant (p less than 0.02) only after naproxen. Serial quantitative scintigraphy can be used as an objective method of assessing sacroiliitis and was sufficiently sensitive to reflect the patients' subjective preference in a short-term comparison of 2 NSAID. PMID- 6231895 TI - Combined aortocoronary bypass and intraoperative transluminal angioplasty in left main coronary artery disease. AB - Transaortic intraluminal angioplasty of the left main coronary artery by Gruntzig's technique has been used intraoperatively in 4 patients who underwent multiple aortocoronary bypasses. Angiographic and clinical results were excellent in 3 of them. It is suggested that this combined technique be used to obtain more complete revascularization at the time of coronary artery bypass. The technique is easy to perform without x-ray facilities in the operating room, and it seems reasonable to assume that it may improve the myocardial blood supply of those areas irrigated by small arteries originating between the stenosed main trunk and other subsequent lesions. PMID- 6231896 TI - Histopathological evaluation of woven and knitted Dacron grafts for right ventricular conduits: a comparative experimental study. AB - Composite extracardiac conduits consisting of a low-porosity woven graft and a high-porosity knitted double-velour Dacron graft presealed with fibrin glue were implanted between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery in 6 dogs under partial heparinization. Two grafts were explanted after 6 weeks, 2 after 12 weeks, and 2 after 6 months. The healing properties of both types of prosthesis were studied macroscopically, under light microscopy, and with scatter electron microscopy. Spontaneous peeling of both the inner and outer capsules of the graft occurred in 3 of 6 woven prostheses during transection. In the remaining 3, peeling could be easily induced by blunt dissection; this was impossible in the knitted grafts. Microscopically, in a comparison of the different weaves after identical time intervals, the inner capsule was noticeably thicker in woven than in knitted grafts. Transtitial ingrowth of fibroblastic tissue could be observed in knitted grafts after 6 weeks; only poor transmural tissue bridging was detectable in woven prostheses after 6 months. Neovascularization of the inner capsule was detectable earlier and was more advanced toward the luminal surface of highly porous grafts. In conclusion, knitted grafts in the position of extracardiac right ventricular conduits showed firmer attachment of both inner and outer capsules to the prosthetic material. Also, the inner capsule remained thinner and revealed a higher degree of neovascularization than in the woven Dacron grafts. PMID- 6231897 TI - Clinical trials, diuretics, and the management of mild hypertension. PMID- 6231898 TI - Prednisone and T-cell subpopulations. AB - Alteration of T-cell subset relationships may cause many of the anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory effects of glucocorticosteroids. The effect of oral administration of lactose or 60 mg of prednisone on peripheral blood T-lymphocyte subset profile and total eosinophil count (TEC) was examined. A purified T-cell peripheral blood population was obtained and the proportion of T cells with T3, T4, T8, M1, and la surface antigens was determined before and five hours after ingestion of lactose or prednisone. Lactose caused no change of any of the measured values. Prednisone caused a large (72%) decrease of the total lymphocyte number and the TEC (97%) but no change of the proportion of T cells with the previously mentioned antigens. Administration of 60 mg of prednisone does not acutely selectively deplete subclasses of T lymphocytes from peripheral blood. PMID- 6231899 TI - [Some comments apropos of 120 cases of transluminal coronary angioplasty]. AB - Between April 1980 and November 1982, 120 patients underwent transluminal coronary angioplasty (TCA) by Gruntzig's technique (128 attempts on 132 vessels). Immediate results were evaluated by: the transstenotic pressure gradient (disappearance of a systolic gradient, mean residual gradient less than 15 mmHg); angiographic improvement (at least 25 p. 100) with less than 50 p. 100 residual stenosis. Success was confirmed by symptomatic and electrocardiographic improvement, the comparison of radio-isotopic studies (Thallium myocardial scintigraphy or tomography; global and regional left ventricular contractility by Technetium radioangiography) at rest and if possible during exercise before TCA and 2 and 6 months after TCA. The incidence of primary success was 72 p. 100 (stable angina: 67,2 p. 100, unstable angina 79,4 p. 100 NS); recurrence was observed in 16/69 of controlled patients (23,1 p. 100); 7 secondary TCA were performed with 5 successful results, leaving 16 p. 100 "permanent" recurrences in this series. There were 2 deaths (1 electromechanical dissociation, 1 rupture of the balloon with dissection due to dysfunction of a new manometer), 5 rudimentary infarcts (transient Q waves and/or slight enzymatic elevation), 6 infarcts (5 anterior, 1 posterior), 4 acute coronary insufficiencies (total regression after surgery). There were 11 immediate (9 as an emergency) and 9 secondary aorto coronary bypass operations. There were 2 femoral artery repair procedures. IN CONCLUSION: certain technical procedures are relatively easy; successive utilisation of a 2 then a 3,7 mm balloon in severe or excentric stenoses for instance. Nine stenoses became occluded without infarction between coronary angiography and the TCA procedures: 2 were recanalised by the guide wire (and then dilated). Therefore, in very severe stenoses TCA should be performed rapidly, even straight away. TCA is associated with some risk to the patient: experienced operators and immediate surgical cover are essential. Initial evaluation of results should be careful: measurement of the pressure gradient is often erroneous (damping of pressure wave, transmission of ventricular pressure); automatic measurements show an overestimation of the degree of stenosis of more than 60 p. 100. Stress radioisotopic studies seem to be the most satisfactory way of assessing the outcome. Medium term results are encouraging: the majority of patients return to work, but this took too long. The ideal theoretical indication remains rare.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6231900 TI - [Transitory leukemoid reaction with regressive clonal course in a mongoloid newborn infant]. AB - A neonate with Down's syndrome presented with partial blast infiltration that spontaneously regressed without relapse at age 6 months. Sequential cytogenetic studies of cells in blood and bone marrow initially showed presence of a clone with 46 chromosomes and reciprocal translocation of chromosomes 5 and 7. This clone and the hematologic abnormality later disappeared simultaneously. Two explanations may be suggested: a defect in the maturation of normal blasts due to abnormal environment in the bone marrow, or an intrinsic abnormality of hematopoietic cells. The case reported would favor the second hypothesis. PMID- 6231902 TI - Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation: its role in the control of chronic pain. AB - An assessment was made of the effectiveness of long-term transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) in the treatment of chronic posttraumatic pain. Compensation Board files showed that 846 patients received TENS from 1975 to 1979, with more than 70% having intractable back pain. Of this group using TENS, 44.6% were free of disability, and an additional 36.2% were capable of modified work. Questionnaire responses were obtained from 563 of 637 patients receiving TENS in 1978 or 1979. At the six-month follow-up, most respondents (472, 83.8%) reported continuing benefit from TENS, including a reduction of pain (418, 74.2%), less need for medication (322, 57.2%), and improved sleep patterns (331, 58.8%). Only 13.6% of those who had returned to work reported no benefit from TENS, while 18.4% of those still unemployed reported no benefit. Among those who had returned to work (264 cases, 46.9% of respondents), benefit was reported equally by those with back injuries and by those with other injuries. The responses observed in this trial seem larger and more long-lasting than could be obtained by a placebo effect, and further attempts at a controlled trial may be warranted. However, there are major practical difficulties to such an investigation, and the resulting controversy could reduce the therapeutic effectiveness of TENS in conditions where alternative treatments are either ineffective or undesirable. PMID- 6231901 TI - A comparison of irradiation and mitomycin as blocking agents in the mixed lymphocyte reaction. AB - In comparison with administration of mitomycin, lethal irradiation (2,000 rad) of the stimulator cells in a one-way mixed leukocyte culture results in a reduced response due at least in part to the release of inhibitory materials by the irradiated cells. These inhibitory molecules may be partially removed by washing and possess differential reactivity with respect to phytohemagglutinin, concanavalin A, lipopolysaccharide, and pokeweed mitogen. PMID- 6231904 TI - [History of the Chair of Pathological Anatomy of the Rostov Medical Institute]. PMID- 6231903 TI - [Diverse action of 17-alpha-hydroxyprogesterone caproate and medroxyprogesterone acetate on the biosynthesis of collagen and cirrhogenous course of CC14-induced hepatic lesions in rats]. AB - The administration of medroxyprogesterone acetate to rats did not induce rapidly progressing cirrhosis in livers damage by carbon tetrachloride, as had occurred after the administration of 17-alpha-hydroxyprogesterone caprate. Even after two months' treatment with medroxyprogesterone acetate and CC14, the cirrhosis did not reach the levels obtained in a single month with the association of 17-alpha hydroxyprogesterone and CC14. PMID- 6231905 TI - [Changes in the contractile myocardium in chronic ischemic heart disease]. AB - Myocardial biopsies from 16 patients who underwent the operation of aorto coronary shunt in connection with coronary arteries stenosis are examined. It is shown that in the myocardium of these patients, along with the compensatory adaptive processes (firstly myocardial hyperthrophy resulting from intracellular structures hyperplasia) morphological signs of the exhaustion of plastic and regenerative capacities of the heart are pronounced. The following morphological features apparently characterizing the development of myocardial hyperthrophy as a result of long-lasting and progressive disease are observed: (1) formation of multicomponental muscular fibers consisting of a group of cardiomyocytes (CMC) connected by intercalated discs localised between their lateral surfaces and remaining hypertrophied even when atrophy of some CMC occurs; (2) longitudinal and thansversal myofibril dissociation. The results obtained allow the authors to understand to some extent the clinical course of chronic ischemic heart disease in this category of patients. PMID- 6231906 TI - [V.G. Shtefko and the Russian school of pathologists-phthisiologists]. PMID- 6231908 TI - Teaching clean intermittent self-catheterization: a nursing process. PMID- 6231909 TI - Testicular self-examination. PMID- 6231907 TI - Restenosis following transluminal angioplasty in experimental atherosclerosis. AB - Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty has received considerable attention in the treatment of obstructive atherosclerotic lesions in humans. However, restenosis frequently occurs and has limited the long-term effectiveness of this procedure. To study restenosis, a model of atherosclerosis was developed in 16 New Zealand rabbits. Atherosclerosis was induced in one or both iliac vessels by balloon deendothelialization followed by a 2% cholesterol diet for 6 weeks. Angiographic lesions were demonstrable in all animals. Fourteen iliac vessels served as controls, and nine underwent successful angioplasty with an increase in luminal diameter from 1.0 +/- 0.2 to 1.9 +/- 0.4 mm (p less than 0.01). After 4 weeks on a high cholesterol diet, all animals had another angiogram, which documented significant progression of disease in only six of 14 control iliac vessels, but in all nine dilated vessels. The average decrease in luminal diameter was 0.2 +/- 0.3 mm for the control group compared with 1.6 +/- 0.5 mm for the dilated group (p less than 0.01). Histopathological correlates revealed further remodeling of at various stages of organization and recanalization. In summary, this study demonstrates that restenosis occurs following transluminal angioplasty and is significantly more frequent than the natural progression of disease in a rabbit model of atherosclerosis. The mechanism of this restenosis appears to be related to intraluminal thrombosis and acceleration of atherosclerosis. Evaluation of antiplatelet drugs in the prevention of restenosis seems warranted. PMID- 6231910 TI - Nappy rash. PMID- 6231911 TI - Down's syndrome. AB - Parents of children with Down's syndrome should be interviewed with their child as soon after the birth as possible. The child should be assessed carefully by a paediatrician experienced in this field. The parents should be given ongoing practical support and a treatment programme should be provided for the child. The birth of a handicapped child is always a tragedy for a family but with sensitive care of the child, parents and other siblings, much can be done to help the family readjust and become realistically involved in the child's care and education. PMID- 6231912 TI - Non-intervention in children with major handicaps. Legal aspects. PMID- 6231913 TI - Non-intervention in children with major handicaps. The professional dilemmas. PMID- 6231914 TI - Non-intervention in children with major disabilities. PMID- 6231915 TI - The effect of prenatal diagnosis on the incidence of Down syndrome in Western Australia. AB - This paper compares the incidence rates of Down syndrome livebirths in Western Australia during two 5-year periods before and after the advent of prenatal cytogenetic diagnosis. A statistically significant fall in the incidence of liveborn Down syndrome is demonstrated and the relevance of amniocentesis screening is discussed in the light of possible future demographic change. PMID- 6231916 TI - Neutron diffraction and the decomposition of membrane scattering profiles into the scattering profiles of their molecular components. PMID- 6231917 TI - Effect of monensin on intracellular transport and receptor-mediated endocytosis of lysosomal enzymes. AB - In cultured human fibroblasts we observed that monensin, a Na+/H+-exchanging ionophore, (i) inhibits mannose 6-phosphate-sensitive endocytosis of a lysosomal enzyme, (ii) enhances secretion of the precursor of cathepsin D, while inhibiting secretion of the precursors of beta-hexosaminidase, (iii) induces secretion of mature beta-hexosaminidase and mature cathepsin D, and (iv) inhibits carbohydrate processing in and proteolytic maturation of the precursors remaining within the cells; this last effect appears to be secondary to an inhibition of the transport of the precursors. If the treated cells are transferred to a monensin-free medium, about half of the accumulated precursors are secreted, and the intracellular enzyme is converted into the mature form. Monensin blocks formation of complex oligosaccharides in lysosomal enzymes. In the presence of monensin, total phosphorylation of glycoproteins is partially inhibited, whereas the secreted glycoproteins are enriched in the phosphorylated species. The suggested inhibition by monensin of the transport within the Golgi apparatus [Tartakoff (1980) Int. Rev. Exp. Pathol. 22, 227-250] may be the cause of some of the effects observed in the present study (iv). Other effects (i, ii) are rather explained by interference by monensin with the acidification in the lysosomal and prelysosomal compartments, which appears to be necessary for the transport of endocytosed and of newly synthesized lysosomal enzymes. PMID- 6231918 TI - On the mechanism by which noradrenaline increases the activity of phosphofructokinase in isolated rat adipocytes. AB - We confirmed that, as reported by Sooranna & Saggerson [(1982) Biochem. J. 202, 753-758], the affinity of 6-phosphofructo-1-kinase (PFK) for fructose 6-phosphate in an adipocyte extract was increased after incubation of the cells in the presence of noradrenaline. The participation of fructose 2,6-bisphosphate in this kinetic modification could be excluded, because the noradrenaline effect persisted after extensive gel filtration of the extracts and also because the treatment did not cause any change in the concentration of fructose 2,6 bisphosphate in the adipocytes. Oleic acid was found to be another potent positive effector of PFK in an adipocyte extract, with a Ka of 10 microM. Its effect was synergistic with that of fructose 2,6-bisphosphate and AMP, and was counteracted by serum albumin. Palmitic acid had a similar effect. We conclude that the large increase in fatty acid concentration caused by noradrenaline treatment is an explanation for the activation of phosphofructokinase at low fructose 6-phosphate concentrations in an adipocyte extract. PMID- 6231919 TI - Inhibition by heparin-modulated antithrombin III of amidolysis catalysed by m beta-acrosin. AB - Purified m beta-acrosin catalysed amidolysis of several p-nitroanilides with C terminal arginine residues. Antithrombin III inhibited amidolysis catalysed by the enzyme. This effect of antithrombin III was potentiated by heparin, and to a modest extent by heparan sulphate, cellulose sulphate, dextran sulphate and xylan sulphate. De-N-sulphated heparin, de-N-sulphated N-acetylated heparin, heparin of low relative molecular mass, chondroitin 4-sulphate, chondroitin 6-sulphate, dermatan sulphate and hyaluronic acid were ineffective. PMID- 6231920 TI - Interaction of plasmin with endothelial cells. AB - Interaction of human plasmin with a monolayer culture of mini-pig aortic endothelial cells was studied by using the 125I-labelled enzyme. The binding of plasmin was time- and concentration-dependent. Equilibrium between bound and free enzyme was obtained within 90s, and Scatchard analysis indicated a high- and a low-affinity population of binding sites of approx. 1.24 X 10(4) sites/cell having a Kd of 1.4 X 10(-9) M and 7.2 X 10(4) sites/cell with a Kd of 2 X 10(-8) M respectively. Plasmin, bound to cell, was spontaneously released within 2 min, suggesting a rapid equilibrium. Chemical modification of the enzyme with phenylmethanesulphonyl fluoride or pyridoxal 5'-phosphate revealed that neither the active centre nor the heparin-binding site of plasmin was involved in the interaction with the endothelial cell. In terms of endothelial-cell receptors, the binding sites of cells for plasmin and thrombin were different: the two enzymes did not compete with each other, and the pretreatment of cells with neuraminidase or chondroitin ABC lyase resulted in a 50% decrease of thrombin or plasmin binding respectively. Arachidonic acid incorporated into phospholipids of the cell was released by plasmin, but a change in the rate of prostacyclin formation was not measurable. The interaction of plasmin with endothelial cells seems to be specific in the fibrinolytic system, since plasminogen did not bind to these cells under similar conditions. PMID- 6231922 TI - Proteolysis of ankyrin and of band 3 protein in chemically induced cell fusion. Ca2+ is not mandatory for fusion. AB - Human erythrocytes were fused by incubation with 0.5-2 mM-chlorpromazine hydrochloride at pH 6.8-7.6. Fusogenic preparations of chlorpromazine were cloudy suspensions of microdroplets, and below pH 6.8 chlorpromazine gave clear solutions that were inactive. Unlike control cells, the lateral mobility of the intramembranous particles of the PF-fracture face of chlorpromazine-treated cells was relatively unrestricted, since the particles were partly clustered at 37 degrees C and they exhibited extensive cold-induced clustering. Ca2+ stimulated fusion, but fusion was only very weakly inhibited by EGTA (10 mM) and by N ethylmaleimide (50 mM); pretreatment of the cells with Tos-Lys-CH2Cl (7-amino-1 chloro-3-L-tosylamidoheptan-2-one) (7.5 mM) markedly inhibited fusion. Changes in the membrane proteins of erythrocytes fused by chlorpromazine, before and after treatment with chymotrypsin to remove band 3 protein, were investigated. The several observations made indicate that the Ca2+-insensitive component of fusion is associated with degradation of ankyrin (band 2.1 protein) to band 2.3-2.6 proteins and to smaller polypeptides by a serine proteinase that is inhibited by Tos-Lys-CH2Cl, and that the component of fusion inhibited by EGTA and N ethylmaleimide is associated with degradation of band 3 protein to band 4.5 protein by a Ca2+-activated cysteine proteinase. Proteolysis of ankyrin appeared to be sufficient to permit the chlorpromazine-induced fusion of human erythrocytes, but fusion occurred more rapidly when band 3 protein was also degraded in the presence of Ca2+. Since other cells have structures comparable with the spectrin-actin skeleton of the erythrocyte membrane, the observations reported may be relevant to the initiation of naturally occurring fusion reactions in biomembranes. It is also suggested that, should polypeptides with fusogenic properties be produced from integral and skeletal membrane proteins by endogenous proteolysis, their formation would provide a general mechanism for the fusion of lipid bilayers in biomembrane fusion reactions. PMID- 6231923 TI - The effect of glucose on the activity of phosphofructokinase in the mucosa of rat small intestine. AB - In common with other phosphofructokinase isoenzymes, phosphofructokinase in the epithelial cells of rat small-intestinal mucosa is activated by fructose 2,6 bisphosphate. However, fructose 2,6-bisphosphate was found not to be present in mucosa as judged by three criteria: (1) chromatography on Sephadex G-25 of crude mucosal extracts from fed rats did not result in a decrease, or indeed any change, in the activity of phosphofructokinase under suboptimal conditions at pH7; (2) ultrafiltrates of mucosal extracts did not possess any acid-labile activating activity when tested against chromatographed liver phosphofructokinase; (3) phosphofructokinase-2 activity was not detectable in mucosal extracts. Furthermore, the perfusion in vitro of isolated loops of jejunum or the incubation of mucosal scrapings from either fed rats or rats starved for 48 h showed that the activity of mucosal phosphofructokinase is not subject to short-term regulation by glucose. These observations are consistent with the view that phosphofructokinase is the rate-limiting enzyme of glycolysis in intestinal mucosa and account for the fact that the rate of glucose utilization by rat small intestine is not very responsive to changes in the concentration of glucose in the lumen. PMID- 6231921 TI - Transport and processing of beta-hexosaminidase in normal and mucolipidosis-II cultured fibroblasts. Effect of monensin and nigericin. AB - The univalent-cation ionophores monensin (4.0 microM) and nigericin (0.5 microM) inhibited the abnormal excretion of beta-hexosaminidase from mucolipidosis-II cultured fibroblasts by 62 and 76% respectively, with a corresponding intracellular accumulation of the enzyme. As shown by lectin binding, the enzyme which accumulated in monensin-treated cells did not contain galactose residues, whereas the corresponding enzyme from nigericin-treated cells was galactosylated. The results suggest that monensin acts at an early point in the process of hydrolase glycosylation, and nigericin acts later, both presumably within the Golgi region, allowing the accumulation of different glycosylated forms of the enzyme. The intra- and extra-cellular distribution of beta-hexosaminidase in ionophore-treated normal cells was essentially unchanged, whereas concanavalin A precipitability of excreted enzyme was increased and its ability to be taken up by deficient fibroblasts was decreased. The bivalent-cation ionophore A23187 (1 microM) reduced beta-hexosaminidase excretion from mucolipidosis-II cells by 82% and by 96% when used with EGTA (1 mM). However, there was no intracellular accumulation of enzyme, suggesting that the effect of this ionophore was restricted to the inhibition of synthesis. It therefore appears that the actual transport of beta-hexosaminidase in mucolipidosis-II cells is affected by univalent-cation ionophores in a selective manner. These findings suggest that individual ionophores could be used to identify the sites of hydrolase oligosaccharide processing in the Golgi region by causing intermediate glycosylated forms of the transported hydrolase to accumulate in a specific Golgi compartment preceding the blocking site of the ionophore. PMID- 6231924 TI - Insensitivity of cardiac phosphofructokinase to adrenergic activation in Zucker rats. A post-receptor defect. AB - The apparent insensitivity of phosphofructokinase to activation by adrenaline in hearts from genetically obese Zucker (fa/fa) rats [Patten, Filsell & Clark (1982) Metab. Clin. Exp. 31, 1137-1141] was examined in detail. Perfusion of hearts from obese (fa/fa) animals with medium containing 1nM-100 microM-adrenaline for 4 min did not significantly activate phosphofructokinase, but fully activated glycogen phosphorylase. Activation of phosphofructokinase occurred in hearts from lean (Fa/?) animals, with half-maximal activation at 10nM-adrenaline. Binding characteristics of cardiac alpha 1-adrenergic receptors were comparable between lean and obese animals. Properties of phosphofructokinase from obese and lean hearts were similar. High extracellular Ca2+ concentration, which activated phosphofructokinase in hearts from lean animals and phosphorylase in all hearts, failed to activate phosphofructokinase in hearts from obese rats. The data indicate that the failure of adrenaline to activate phosphofructokinase in hearts from obese (fa/fa) rats results from a post-receptor defect in the as-yet unidentified Ca2+-dependent phosphofructokinase-activating reactions. PMID- 6231925 TI - Spermine binding to submitochondrial particles and activation of adenosine triphosphatase. AB - Studies on the effects of polyamines on oligomycin-sensitive ATPase activity of ox heart submitochondrial particles showed that, of the polyamines tested, only spermine affected the enzyme activity. Spermine within the physiological concentration range increased the Vmax. of the enzyme, but the Km for ATP was virtually unaffected. Binding studies of [14C]spermine to submitochondrial particles, under the same conditions as used for the ATPase assay, showed that the spermine binds to submitochondrial particles in a co-operative way; Hill plots of the data gave a Hill coefficient of 2 and a Kd of 8 microM. When submitochondrial particles were treated with trypsin, ATPase was not stimulated by spermine and the amount of spermine bound concomitantly was drastically decreased. The ATPase activity of isolated F1-ATPase was not affected by spermine. Removal of the natural protein ATPase inhibitor did not suppress either the stimulation of the ATPase activity by spermine or the spermine binding to the particles. The results obtained suggested that the polyamine binds and acts at the level of the liaison between the coupling factor F1 and the membrane sector F0 of the ATPase complex. PMID- 6231926 TI - Fasting-induced impairment of glucose-1,6-bisphosphate synthesis in pancreatic islets. AB - In pancreatic islets removed from rats fasted for 48 hours, the insulin secretory response to glucose is decreased. Although the activity of phosphoglucomutase is unaffected by fasting, the decrease in glucose-stimulated insulin release coincides with a suppression of the glucose-induced increment in both glucose-1,6 P2 content and lactate or pyruvate output. These findings are compatible with a regulatory role of glucose-1,6-P2 in the control of glycolysis in pancreatic islets. PMID- 6231927 TI - On the spectral features associated with peroxide reactivity of the coupled binuclear copper active site in type 2 depleted and native Rhus laccase. AB - We report herein an X-ray absorption spectroscopic (XAS) determination of the oxidation state of the copper sites in T2D and native Rhus laccase. The increase in intensity of the 330 nm absorption feature which results from peroxide titration of T2D laccase (T3: [Cu(I)Cu(I)], T1: [Cu(II)]) is found to correlate linearly with the percent of oxidation of the binuclear copper site (determined by XAS analysis). This indicates that peroxide oxidizes but does not bind to the T3 site. We have used this correlation to determine that native laccase, as isolated, contains approximately 25% reduced T3 sites and that all spectral changes observed upon peroxide addition to native laccase can be accounted for by oxidation of these reduced sites. The importance of this result to previous reports of peroxide binding at the laccase active site is discussed. PMID- 6231928 TI - Plasmin regulating system from embryonal carcinoma F9 cells: plasminases A, B and embrinogen. AB - Two plasmin inactivators, plasminase A and B, and their inhibitor embrinogen were isolated from embryonal carcinoma F9 cells by preparative two-dimensional electrophoresis. Plasminases A and B have molecular weights of 160,000 and 82,000, respectively. Both are serine proteinases which digest the light chain of plasmin in a time dependent inactivation process. The heavy chain of plasmin is not affected by this action. Plasminases A and B show similar specificity towards synthetic and natural polypeptide inhibitors. The interaction of the two enzymes leads to their inhibition. Embrinogen (m.w. 84,000) inhibits both plasminases A and B as well as urokinase and plasmin. Its activation by trypsin creates embrin, a proteinase directed against plasmin heavy chain. PMID- 6231929 TI - Purification and complete amino acid sequence of beta-rat atrial natriuretic polypeptide (beta-rANP) of 5,000 daltons. AB - A survey for natriuretic factors in rat atrial extract was performed by the aid of a simple assay for the relaxant effect on the contractility of chick rectum, in a manner similar to our previous purification of alpha-human atrial natriuretic polypeptide (alpha-hANP). Three distinct components (alpha, beta and gamma) of a potent relaxant activity with varying molecular weights, were found in the chromatographic regions of a crude extract. From the beta-component of rectum activity corresponding to about 5,000 daltons, a 48-amino acid peptide has been purified to homogeneity and found to elicit a potent natriuretic activity, when injected into the assay rats. Accordingly, the peptide was designated as "beta-rat atrial natriuretic polypeptide (beta-rANP)". The complete amino acid sequence of the peptide has been determined by microsequencing the S carboxymethylated beta-rANP and its tryptic peptides. PMID- 6231930 TI - Prostacyclin inhibition of phosphatidic acid synthesis in human platelets is not mediated by protein kinase C. AB - The activation of protein kinase C in human platelets by phorbol-12, 13- dibutyrate (PDBu) results in the phosphorylation of a 40,000 dalton protein. This phosphorylation is time- and concentration-dependent. Maximal phosphorylation is rapid and is not affected by indomethacin or prostacyclin. PDBu does not promote activation of the phosphodiesteratic cleavage (phospholipase C) of the inositol phospholipids and the subsequent formation of 1,2-diacylglycerol or its phosphorylated product, phosphatidic acid. If platelets exposed to PDBu are subsequently stimulated with thrombin, this stimulus does not initiate further 40,000 dalton protein phosphorylation but will promote the formation of phosphatidic acid and also the phosphorylation of a 20,000 dalton protein (myosin light chain). However, prostacyclin will prevent the subsequent stimulation of phosphatidic acid synthesis by thrombin in a concentration-dependent manner. The fact that prostacyclin can affect the response to thrombin, even in the presence of phorbol ester, supports the idea that the enzymes related to the formation of phosphatidic acid or inhibition of its synthesis are not related to the phosphorylated 40K protein. PMID- 6231931 TI - Anaerobic metabolism of carbon tetrachloride and formation of catabolically resistant phospholipids. AB - Anaerobic incubation of microsomes with 14C-carbon tetrachloride leads to trichloromethyl radicals which, apart from other detrimental reactions, bind covalently to phospholipids. These labelled lipids are extracted, phosphatidylcholine is isolated and incubated with phospholipase A2 from Naja naja snake venom and from porcine pancreas. Half of the covalently modified phosphatidylcholine is resistant toward phospholipase A2. Distribution of such catabolically resistant phospholipids from the endoplasmic reticulum to other cell organelles may play an important role in the pathway leading from the primary lesion to hepatocyte necrosis. PMID- 6231932 TI - Effects of bepridil on Ca2+ uptake by cardiac mitochondria. AB - Isolated rat heart mitochondria accumulate large amounts of Ca2+ at the expense of respiration-linked energy or of that provided by the hydrolysis of ATP by the mitochondrial ATPase. At concentrations below 10 microM bepridil has no effect on the first mechanism but inhibits the second. At higher concentrations bepridil depresses both. At low concentrations bepridil decreases proton influx into mitochondria in ADP-stimulated respiration while it has no effect on proton ejection in Ca2+-stimulated respiration. A preliminary study shows that bepridil inhibits ATP hydrolysis linked to Ca2+ absorption by mitochondria. The calcium antagonists verapamil, nifedipine and diltiazem exhibit none of these effects. PMID- 6231933 TI - Evaluation of diagnostic criteria for ankylosing spondylitis. A proposal for modification of the New York criteria. AB - The New York and the Rome diagnostic criteria for ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and the clinical history screening test for AS were evaluated in relatives of AS patients and in population control subjects. The New York criterion of pain in the (dorso) lumbar spine lacks specificity, and the chest expansion criterion is too insensitive. The Rome criterion of low back pain for more than 3 months is very useful. Our study showed the clinical history screening test for AS to be moderately sensitive, but it might be better in clinical practice. As a modification of the New York criteria, substitution of the Rome pain criterion for the New York pain criterion is proposed. PMID- 6231934 TI - [The future of the anti-tuberculosis campaign. Problems and perspectives]. PMID- 6231935 TI - [Health in the urban zones of Latin America and the Caribbean]. PMID- 6231936 TI - [Life expectancy of the problem drinker in Santiago, Chile. I. Methodological and population aspects]. PMID- 6231937 TI - [The need for change in dental services]. PMID- 6231938 TI - Topical fluoride therapy for patients with special needs. PMID- 6231939 TI - Changes in circulating androgens during short term carbamazepine therapy. AB - Serum concentrations of testosterone, androstenedione, dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHAS), sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) and luteinising hormone (LH) were measured before, during and after 21 days treatment with carbamazepine (CBZ)400 mg daily in six healthy male subjects. Induction of hepatic microsomal enzyme activity was confirmed by an increase in antipyrine clearance (P less than 0.02) and a fall in circulating CBZ concentrations from the seventh to the fourteenth CBZ dose (P less than 0.05). Within 7 days of starting CBZ there was a rise in SHBG (P less than 0.05) and a fall in testosterone, free testosterone fraction, DHAS and androstenedione (P less than 0.05). Testosterone, free testosterone fraction and androstenedione levels rose towards baseline by the end of the treatment period while DHAS concentration remained low (P less than 0.05). The rise in SHBG and increased androgen catabolism is most likely to be secondary to induction of hepatic monooxygenase activity by CBZ. These changes may be implicated in the production of sexual dysfunction encountered in some epileptic patients on chronic anticonvulsant therapy. PMID- 6231940 TI - A comparison of two analgesic muscle relaxant combinations in acute back pain. PMID- 6231941 TI - The mode of action of ethyl lactate as a treatment for acne. AB - We have shown that an alcoholic lotion containing ethyl lactate when applied topically to rat skin under occlusion became localized in the follicles and sebaceous glands. When applied to human facial skin the ethyl lactate was hydrolysed to ethanol and lactic acid, and thereby lowered the skin pH. Under such conditions the growth of recoverable skin bacteria, in particular the anaerobe Propionibacterium acnes, was inhibited, and the hydrolysis of sebum to free fatty acids by lipase derived from the bacteria was greatly impaired. These effects of ethyl lactate would account for its observed clinical efficacy in acne vulgaris. PMID- 6231942 TI - Comparison of topical clindamycin phosphate, benzoyl peroxide, and a combination of the two for the treatment of acne vulgaris. AB - Patients with moderate to severe acne vulgaris were treated for 10 weeks with either topical clindamycin phosphate (1% solution) twice daily, benzoyl peroxide (5% gel) twice daily, or benzoyl peroxide (5% gel) in the morning and clindamycin phosphate (1% solution) in the evening. The effects of each regimen appeared to vary in decreasing specific types of acne lesions, with the combination therapy showing the greatest decrease when all types of lesions were considered. Cutaneous side-effects were greatest with benzoyl peroxide alone during the early weeks of treatment, while the combination therapy displayed no greater incidence of redness, scaling, or itching than clindamycin phosphate alone. All three regimens produced clinical improvements which did not differ significantly from each other. PMID- 6231943 TI - Topical benzoyl peroxide increases the sebum excretion rate. PMID- 6231944 TI - Immunological study of in vitro maturation of human megakaryocytes. AB - Human megakarocyte colonies were grown from the bone marrow in plasma clot or methyl cellulose cultures. Maturation of the megakaryocytic cells was sequentially studied from day 5 to day 16 of culture by fluorescent labelling with a panel of monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies against different platelet glycoproteins (Gp), P1 A1 antigen, factor VIII RAg platelet factor 4 (PF 4), fibrinogen and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF). Expression of Gp Ib was also studied by immunogold technique at electron microscopy. The first cells identifiable by these antibodies were found at day 5 of culture. They had the size of a lymphocyte. These small megakaryocyte precursors already expressed all the platelet antigens, HLA-DR and transferrin receptors and were devoid of erythroid or myeloid markers. Among the platelet antigens, Gp IIIa was the most sensitive marker for the identification of these precursors. However, double fluorescent labelling demonstrated that the different platelet markers were coexpressed in a large majority of cells. Interestingly, cytoplasmic markers demonstrated that these small megakaryocyte precursors were themselves heterogenous by morphological criteria. During maturation, expression of Gps, particularly of Gp Ib, increased while the labelling pattern of anti factor VIII RAg and anti PF 4 antibodies switched from diffuse to granular staining. PDGF could also be detected in the megakaryocytes grown in culture. PMID- 6231945 TI - Platelets deficient in glycoprotein I have normal Fc receptor expression. AB - Platelet glycoprotein I (GPI) is known to be required for the interaction of platelets with ristocetin and factor VIII:von Willebrand factor (VIII:vWf). However, its role as Fc receptor is not clear. Some studies have shown that enzymatic removal of GPI destroys the ability of platelets to react with VIII:vWf but not their ability to bind Ig G (IgG). Others have shown that IgG immune complexes which block the Fc receptor also inhibit VIII:vWf interaction with platelets. This subject has been re-examined by testing the ability of platelets with reduced amounts of GPI to aggregate and undergo the release reaction in response to stimuli which act at the platelet Fc receptor. Platelets from two patients with Bernard-Soulier syndrome, congenitally deficient in GPI, both aggregated and released 14C-serotonin normally when exposed to latex particles coated with IgG. Levels of GPI were decreased experimentally in normal platelets by treating them with chymotrypsin. Platelets treated in this manner did not aggregate or release [14C]serotonin in response to ristocetin-VIII:vWf. They did, however, both aggregate and release when incubated with heat-aggregated IgG, antigen-antibody complexes or latex particles coated with IgG. Thus the presence of GPI is not a prerequisite for platelet stimulation via the Fc receptor. PMID- 6231946 TI - Antenatal detection of placental steroid sulphatase deficiency: use of a dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate loading test. AB - Dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (50 mg) was given intravenously to 15 women in the third trimester of pregnancy in which urinary oestrogen excretion was subnormal (less than 32 mumol/24 h) without recognizable clinical or therapeutic cause. In six patients, this procedure was followed by a marked increase in plasma oestradiol concentrations [mean (SD), nmol/l] before treatment: 44 (13) and 30 min after injection: 279 (31). After delivery, the placentas from all these patients showed steroid sulphatase activity in vitro (greater than 450 units). In the other nine patients, all of whom subsequently showed negligible placental steroid sulphatase activity in vitro (less than 10 units), mean plasma oestradiol concentrations increased only from 18 (9) to 26 (11) nmol/l. Changes in plasma oestradiol concentrations in late pregnancy after injection of dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate therefore readily permit identification of those patients in whom a placental enzyme deficiency is the cause of the subnormal oestrogen production. The defect was identified as steroid sulphatase deficiency by an in-vitro test of placental tissue after delivery. PMID- 6231947 TI - The recovery of gases insufflated at laparoscopy. AB - The recovery of gases used for insufflation at gynaecological laparoscopy was investigated in 163 women who were randomly allocated to receive insufflation with nitrous oxide or carbon dioxide, the two most commonly used gases. No difference was detected and since nitrous oxide has dangerous side effects, the use of carbon dioxide is recommended. Methods of enhancing the recovery of gas were then investigated in a further 207 women, treatment being allocated in a random fashion. No merit was found in the use of these techniques and they have been abandoned. PMID- 6231948 TI - Mandibular infarction occurring during a sickle cell crisis. AB - The genetic abnormality and clinical problems associated with sickle cell disease are described and exemplified by a report of a patient who presented during a crisis with facial pain and sensory changes in the distribution of the inferior dental nerve; investigations revealed that these were due to infarction of part of the mandible. Although similar cases have been described, it is believed that the radionuclide scan of the mandible in the investigation of this patient uniquely demonstrated the position and extent of the infarcted area. The management of patients with sickle cell disease in the field of oral and maxillofacial surgery is discussed. PMID- 6231949 TI - Mucin biosynthesis: characterization of rabbit small intestinal UDP-N acetylglucosamine:galactose beta-3-N-acetylgalactosaminide (N-acetylglucosamine-- -N-acetylgalactosamine) beta-6-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase. AB - We have characterized a UDP-GlcNAc:Gal beta-3-GalNAc (GlcNAc----GalNAc) beta-6-N acetylglucosaminyltransferase from rabbit small intestinal epithelium by using freezing point depression glycoprotein as the acceptor. Optimal enzyme activity was obtained at pH 7.0-7.5, at 3 mM MnCl2, and at 0.08% Triton X-100. Ca2+, Mg2+, and Ba2+ also enhanced enzyme activity. The apparent Michaelis constant was 4.80 mM for freezing point depression glycoprotein, 0.59 mM for periodate-treated porcine submaxillary mucin, 0.49 mM for Gal beta 1----3 GalNAc alpha Ph, and 1.03 mM for UDP-GlcNAc. No enzyme activity was observed when asialo ovine submaxillary mucin was used as the acceptor. The 14C-labeled oligosaccharide obtained by alkaline borohydride treatment of the product was shown to be a homogeneous trisaccharide by compositional analysis, Bio-Gel P-4 gel filtration, and high performance liquid chromatography. The structure of the trisaccharide was identified as Gal beta 1----3-(GlcNAc beta 1----6)GalNAc-H2 by (a) identification of 2,3,4,6-tetramethyl-1,5-diacetylgalactitol and 1,4,5-trimethyl-3,6-diacetyl-2 N-methylacetamidogalactitol by gas-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and (b) the complete cleavage of the newly formed glycosidic bond by jack bean beta hexosaminidase. The structure of the trisaccharide was confirmed by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (270 MHz) and also by periodate oxidation of the trisaccharide followed by NaBH4 reduction, 4 N HCl hydrolysis, a second NaBH4 reduction, and the identification of threosaminitol on an amino acid analyzer. By acceptor competition studies, the enzyme activity was shown to be a much N acetylglucosaminyltransferase. We postulate that this glycosyltransferase may play a key role in the regulation of mucin oligosaccharide synthesis. PMID- 6231950 TI - Modulation of the actin-activated adenosinetriphosphatase activity of myosin by tropomyosin from vascular and gizzard smooth muscles. AB - Tropomyosins from bovine aorta and pulmonary artery exhibit identical electrophoretic patterns in sodium dodecyl sulfate but differ from tropomyosins of either chicken gizzard or rabbit skeletal muscle. Each of the four tropomyosins binds readily to skeletal muscle F-actin as indicated by their sedimentation with actin and by their ability to maximally stimulate or inhibit actin-activated ATPase activity at a molar ratio of one tropomyosin per seven actin monomers. Smooth and skeletal muscle tropomyosins differ in their effects on activity of skeletal myosin or heavy meromyosin (HMM); the former can enhance activity under conditions in which the latter inhibits. Gizzard and arterial tropomyosins are usually equally effective in stimulating ATPase activity of skeletal acto-HMM, but at high concentrations of Mg2+ gizzard tropomyosin is more effective, a result that cannot be attributed to differences in the binding of the two tropomyosins to F-actin. The effects of tropomyosin also depend on the type of myosin; tropomyosin enhances activity of gizzard myosin under conditions in which it inhibits that of skeletal myosin. Increasing the pH or the Mg2+ concentration can reverse the effect of tropomyosin on actin-stimulated ATPase activity of skeletal HMM from activation to inhibition, but this reversal is not found with gizzard myosin. Activity in the absence of tropomyosin is independent of pH, and the loss of activation with increasing pH is not accompanied by loss of binding of tropomyosin to actin. PMID- 6231951 TI - The proton adenosinetriphosphatase complex of rat liver mitochondria. Temperature dependent dissociation-reassociation of the F1-ATPase subunits. AB - The soluble F1 moiety of the rat liver mitochondrial proton ATPase dissociates into two easily separable fractions when cold treated and then warmed. One fraction is soluble in potassium phosphate buffer, pH 7.4, whereas the other is insoluble. Neither of these two fractions alone can catalyze ATP hydrolysis under assay conditions optimal for the native F1-ATPase. The insoluble fraction when resolved via sodium dodecyl sulfate--polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis is shown to be composed of only alpha and gamma subunits. When this fraction is chromatographed on Sephadex G-75, it is resolved into an alpha gamma complex and into the alpha subunit alone. The soluble fraction when resolved in the same electrophoretic system is shown to contain the remaining subunits, beta, delta, epsilon, and some gamma. This fraction is resolved into two major components by chromatography on Sepharose CL-6B, a beta gamma complex and beta subunit alone. The cold-dissociated enzyme can be readily associated when the temperature is raised to 20 degrees C. In the presence of either ATP or MgATP the enzyme completely regains its original ATPase specific activity. In contrast, Mg2+ is only about 15% effective in restoring ATPase activity. The results presented here define conditions for the dissociation and reassociation of the major subunits comprising the F1-ATPase of rat liver and thus provide a unique system among mammalian enzymes for testing the function of individual subunits. In addition, they strongly indicate that neither the alpha nor beta subunits, nor complexes of these subunits with the gamma subunit, are capable of catalyzing ATP hydrolysis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6231952 TI - Chromatin structure of the beta-globin gene family in murine erythroleukemia cells. AB - We have analyzed the chromatin structure of the beta-major globin gene and other related beta-globin genes in induced and uninduced murine erythroleukemia (MEL) cell nuclei. Nuclei were digested with either DNase I or micrococcal nuclease, and the purified DNA was hybridized to a set of cloned genomic DNA fragments covering the beta-globin gene region. This region consisted of two distinct domains as characterized by sensitivity to DNase I digestion. One domain was relatively sensitive and contained the potentially active or actively transcribed beta-major and beta-minor globin genes. The other, relatively insensitive domain contained the nontranscribed embryonic and beta-globin homologous genes. The sensitivity of these domains was not altered during erythroid differentiation. In nonerythroid cells, the entire globin gene family, including the adult and embryonic globin genes, was contained in a single relatively resistant domain. Micrococcal nuclease (MNase) also defined two general domains of nuclease sensitivity that coincided with those of DNase I. However, the relatively sensitive MNase domain containing the beta-major and beta-minor genes became more sensitive upon chemically stimulated erythroid differentiation. A detailed examination of the beta-major globin gene revealed that the actual coding region became increasingly sensitive to micrococcal nuclease after differentiation while the 5'-flanking DNA did not. Thus, micrococcal nuclease was able to accurately define the primary transcription unit of the beta-major gene. PMID- 6231953 TI - Comparison of F1's of oxidative phosphorylation from Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium and demonstration of interchangeability of their subunits. AB - The peripheral membrane portion (SF1) of proton-translocating ATPase of Salmonella typhimurium and its alpha, beta, and gamma subunits were purified and compared with the same portion (EF1) from Escherichia coli. The alpha, beta, and gamma subunits of these F1's were found to be mutually interchangeable, and all possible combinations of the three subunits from EF1 and SF1 showed ATPase activity. Both F1's could bind functionally to the integral membrane part (F0) of either bacterium, suggesting that F0 and F1 are interchangeable in these two bacteria and thus that the two F1's are closely similar at the level of subunit structure. However, SF1 differed from EF1 in some enzymological properties such as its specific activity and susceptibilities to sodium dodecyl sulfate and methanol. The specific ATPase activity of EF1 was more than twice that of SF1, and hybrid enzymes containing the beta subunit of EF1 had higher activity than other hybrids. Amino acid analysis suggested that the primary structures of the alpha subunits of the two F1's are less homologous than those of the beta subunits. Thus, the primary structure of the alpha subunit may be more species specific than that of the beta subunit. PMID- 6231954 TI - Isolation of mammalian calelectrins: a new class of ubiquitous Ca2+-regulated proteins. AB - In a new approach to isolating proteins which participate in the Ca2+-dependent regulation of membrane traffic in animal cells, two new Ca2+-binding proteins (Mr 67 000 and 32 500) have been identified in and purified from bovine liver, brain, and adrenal medulla. These proteins specifically and reversibly bind to chromaffin granule membranes at low Ca2+ concentrations (half-maximal binding at 5.5 microM Ca2+) and greatly potentiate the Ca2+-induced aggregation of these membranes at higher concentrations (above 10 microM). In the presence of ethylene glycol bis(beta-aminoethyl ether)-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetate, the isolated proteins have Stokes radii of 3.40 nm (Mr 67 000) and 2.53 nm (Mr 32 500) as estimated by gel filtration and therefore occur as monomers. They are slightly acidic proteins with pI's of 5.85 and 5.60. In bovine tissues, both proteins and a third protein of Mr 35 000 cross-react immunologically with each other and with Torpedo calelectrin (Mr 34 000) and are therefore identified as mammalian calelectrins. In all tissues of Torpedo marmorata tested, only a single molecular mass form of calelectrin exists, whereas multiple forms of calelectrin exist in mammalian tissues, indicating gene duplication during evolution. We suggest that the evolutionary conservation and diversification, the high tissue concentrations, and the Ca2+-specific interactions of the calelectrins make them candidates for Ca2+-dependent regulators of membrane events in animal cells. PMID- 6231955 TI - Properties of curaremimetic neurotoxin binding sites in the rat central nervous system. AB - Properties of mammalian central nervous system binding sites for curaremimetic neurotoxins are investigated with the Simonsen-Albino rat and 125I-labeled alpha bungarotoxin or the principal neurotoxin from Naja naja siamensis. Evidence is presented that high-affinity toxin binding sites are distributed as expected for a synaptic neurotransmitter receptor, display distinct nicotinic cholinergic pharmacology, and are sensitive to preincubation with nicotinic agonists. Affinity of toxin sites for agonists is altered by specific sulfhydryl/disulfide modification and by Ca2+, and sites may be labeled with the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor affinity reagent bromoacetylcholine. New data are also presented indicating that toxin binding sites with K' values of approximately 1 nM and approximately 100 nM may be detected on rat brain crude mitochondrial fractions. Evidence is also reported suggesting the existence of two classes of toxin binding site disulfides/sulfhydryls, which interact with affinity reagents and nonspecific alkylating agents and are located proximal and distal, respectively, to the acetylcholine binding site. The results indicate that central nervous system (CNS) toxin binding sites share significant biochemical homology with nicotinic receptors from the periphery and provide a foundation for further study of toxin binding site biochemistry and the relationship between toxin sites and authentic CNS nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. PMID- 6231956 TI - Effect of trifluoperazine, compound 48/80, TMB-8 and verapamil on the rate of calmodulin binding to erythrocyte Ca2+-ATPase. AB - The erythrocyte Ca2+-ATPase shifts reversibly between two states, the calmodulin deficient A-state and the calmodulin-saturated B-state, dependent on calcium and calmodulin. The effects on this system of the four drugs, trifluoperazine, compound 48/80, TMB-8 and verapamil were studied. All four drugs inhibited the maximum activity of the B -state Ca2+-ATPase and, in addition, trifluoperazine and compound 48/80 in higher doses inhibited the A-state. Furthermore, the four drugs decreased the calmodulin sensitivity of the Ca2+-ATPase in the order of decreasing effect: trifluoperazine greater than compound 48/80 greater than TMB-8 greater than verapamil. In the same order of decreasing effect the drugs increased the time required for full calmodulin activation of the A-state of Ca2+ ATPase, whereas the drugs had only small effects on the rate of deactivation of the B-state, caused by dissociation of calmodulin from the enzyme. It is discussed whether the effects on calmodulin activation were caused by a reduction of free calmodulin due to the formation of drug-calmodulin complexes or whether the drugs, especially trifluoperazine, compound 48/80 and TMB-8, by binding to the Ca2+-ATPase, decreased the rate constants for association of calmodulin and enzyme. PMID- 6231957 TI - The origin and composition of multiple forms of dextransucrase from Streptococcus sanguis. AB - Multiple forms of purified dextransucrase have been observed in the presence of low detergent concentrations ( Luzio , G.A., Grahame , D. A. and Mayer, R.M. (1982) Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 216, 751-757). We now show these forms to arise partly as a result of proteolysis, and partly due to incomplete dissociation of the enzyme. Upon 25 degrees C incubation of the crude enzyme, several new bands appeared with little or no change in total activity. The electrophoretic pattern of aged, crude enzyme was similar to that of partially purified enzyme. Specific detection of dextransucrase on SDS gels revealed a single polypeptide of 174 kDa, which is converted to a 156 kDa protein during the aging process. The observation indicates the occurrence of proteolysis. The polypeptide composition of several of the enzyme forms was determined by two-dimensional electrophoresis. Forms Ia and IIa are composed exclusively of 174 kDa polypeptides. Forms III and IVa consist of 156 kDa units, as does the newly observed form Ic. It is likely that form Ib contains both 174 and 156 kDa polypeptides. The results indicate that incomplete dissociation of aggregates of the 174 kDa unit accounts for all of the bands observed on native gels run on fresh culture extracts. Additional enzyme forms result from aggregation of the 156 kDa proteolysis product alone, and from aggregation with unproteolyzed units to form hybrid aggregates. PMID- 6231958 TI - Acidic ribosomal proteins of Neurospora crassa. AB - Neurospora crassa acidic ribosomal proteins from the high salt-ethanol extract of 80 S ribosomes have been fractionated by DEAE-cellulose chromatography. Six acidic ribosomal proteins were purified. All resemble Escherichia coli L7 and L12 in amino acid composition and molecular weight but each has a slightly different net charge at pH 3.2. Four have an apparent molecular weight of approx. 14 000, and two have a molecular weight of approx. 14 800. The amino acid compositions and circular dichroism (CD) spectra of the purified Neuropsora proteins are identical for the four 14 kDa proteins, but clearly distinguishable from the two 14.8 kDa proteins. The latter are also identical in amino acid composition and CD spectra. This suggests that there are two Neurospora acidic, or 'A', proteins, one of which exists in four microheterogeneous forms and the other exists in two forms. PMID- 6231959 TI - [Effect of physico-chemical factors on anion-sensitive ATPase activity]. AB - Effects of temperature, pH and anions on the ATPase activity of submitochondrial particles of rat liver, rat heart, mouse liver, of red blood cell membranes, and of soluble enzyme of rat liver, mouse liver mitochondria were studied. The temperature relationships of membrane-bound and soluble ATPases have the breaks at 18-21 degrees C and 30-32 degrees C. These breaks were not shifted by sulfite, thiocyanate, methanol, glycerol and GTP. The pH changes from 6.0 to 8.5 produced no effect on the temperature relationships of ATPase activities but, strongly influenced the rate of ATPase reaction. The conformity between the obtained data and earlier proposed mechanism of anion control over anion-sensitive ATPase activity was discussed. PMID- 6231960 TI - Gamma-radiolysis study of the reductive activation of neocarzinostatin by the carboxyl radical. AB - The activation of the antitumor protein antibiotic neocarzinostatin (NCS) by the carboxyl radical CO-2, a one-electron donor obtained selectively from gamma-ray irradiation of nitrous oxide-saturated formate buffer, has been investigated in the presence and in the absence of DNA at pH 4.7 and pH 7.0. The reaction of NCS with CO-2 in the absence of DNA is followed by a marked red shift (420----441 nm) and a pronounced increase (X 8.8) of the fluorescence emission corresponding to the naphthalene moiety of the NCS chromophore. The light absorption spectrum shows in parallel a hypochromic change with considerable fine structure throughout the 250-400 nm wavelength range. When DNA is present, the fluorescence intensity at completion of the reaction is slightly reduced (by 5 to 15 per cent) and the maximum emission wavelength shifted to 436-438 nm. However, the bulk rate of reaction is not altered by DNA and is independent of the pH, of the temperature and of the concentration of NCS. The NCS concentration-independence of the reaction rate is consistent with a high intrinsic rate (k greater than 10(8)M-1 . s-1) for the reaction of CO-2 with the NCS chromophore. Complete reduction of the NCS chromophore involves a total of three electron-equivalents. The final product does not react with oxygen, shows no odd electron spin, and is unable to induce DNA strand scission. Its molecular state, however, is fundamentally different when gamma-ray irradiations are performed with DNA. This bears evidence of short-lived one electron or two-electrons reduced intermediates decaying via non-identical routes depending on the presence of the acceptor DNA. Actually, dose-related strand breaks appear in DNA exposed to the action of NCS and CO-2. Some NCS chromophore-DNA covalent adducts are also found. DNA strand breakage by CO-2-activated NCS is correlated with thymine release and is inhibited by a redox-stable intercalating agent. The DNA-nicking process thus bears resemblance to that reported by other authors using mercaptans to initiate reductive activation of the NCS chromophore. However, some spectral differences are observed between the CO-2-reacted and the thiol-treated chromophores. Moreover, thymine release and strand scission in DNA incubated with CO-2 and NCS proceed under anaerobic conditions. It is proposed that the strict oxygen requirement for DNA damage by NCS in the presence of mercaptans is due, at least partly, to competition between oxygen and thiols for reaction with the same primary deoxyribose radical resulting from DNA attack by the reductively activated NCS chromophore. PMID- 6231962 TI - In vitro and in vivo studies using a 4F pulsed Doppler velocimeter catheter system. PMID- 6231961 TI - Studies on the structure of yeast phosphofructokinase. AB - In this paper, we describe an efficient procedure for the purification of yeast phosphofructokinase. This procedure eliminates any time delay and enables to obtain an enzyme with minimum proteolytic alterations. The molecular weights of the oligomeric enzyme and of its constitutive subunits were both evaluated by means of several independent methods. However, the accuracy of each measurement was not sufficient to discriminate between an hexameric and an octameric structure of the enzyme oligomer. On the other hand, crosslinking experiments demonstrated the octameric structure of yeast phosphofructokinase. Obviously, some methods of molecular weight determination have led to erroneous results. In particular, our experiments show that the reliability of molecular weight determinations performed by gel filtration of native proteins must be considered with caution. PMID- 6231963 TI - Simultaneous invasive and noninvasive renal blood velocity and flow measurements using pulsed Doppler velocimeters. PMID- 6231964 TI - The T-cell receptor as analyzed by functional T-cell lines specific to a synthetic polypeptide antigen. PMID- 6231965 TI - Phenotypically and functionally distinct subpopulations of human lymphocytes with T cell markers also exhibit different cytochemical patterns of staining for lysosomal enzymes. AB - Human peripheral blood lymphocytes that express T cell markers, when reacted for the cytochemical localization of lysosomal acid hydrolases, display two major patterns of staining, i.e., dot-like and scattered granular. Previous attempts to fractionate T cells according to surface markers have yielded populations of cells with heterogeneous patterns of cytochemical staining. In this study, peripheral blood cells forming rosettes with sheep erythrocytes have been fractionated by sequential staining with two monoclonal antibodies, D12 and 2D2, followed by fluorescence-activated cell sorting. These reagents have been shown previously to recognize a subpopulation of cells capable of suppressing T cell proliferation. All of the cells positive for D12 and 2D2 stained for acid hydrolases with the scattered granular pattern, whereas the large majority of the cells negative for both markers stained with the dot-like pattern. It is concluded that suppressor cells within the E+ cell fraction have the cytochemical characteristics of large granular lymphocytes. PMID- 6231966 TI - A morphologic and immunologic study of the large granular lymphocyte in neutropenia with T lymphocytosis. AB - We report four patients with expansion of a unique population of lymphocytes that is consistently associated with neutropenia. Two patients also had rheumatoid arthritis and autoantibodies. The lymphocytes contained many cytoplasmic azurophilic granules, which possessed strong acid phosphatase activity. Multiple cytoplasmic parallel tubular arrays were observed ultrastructurally. These granular lymphocytes showed the T suppressor/cytotoxic cell phenotype (E+, OKT3+, OKT8+, OKT4-, OKM1-, OKI1-) and exhibited antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxic activity but little or no natural killer cytotoxicity. They did not respond to recall antigens, concanavalin A, or pokeweed mitogen, but the cells from one patient did respond to phytohemagglutinin. No in vitro suppressor cell activity on mitogenic responses of allogeneic cells and on mixed lymphocyte cultures could be demonstrated. There was no evidence of suppression of immunoglobulin synthesis in vivo. It is uncertain that the expansion of this subset of lymphocytes represents a leukemic process. Their constant association with neutropenia, however, raises the possibility that the increase in large granular lymphocytes and neutropenia might be pathogenetically related. PMID- 6231967 TI - Demonstration of in situ fibrin degradation in pathologic thrombi. AB - Fibrin prepared from 15 pathologic thrombi was examined by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to determine the extent and pattern of fibrinolysis that occurs in vivo. Two groups of patients could be distinguished on the basis of the polypeptide chain composition of fibrin in their thrombi. Those patients who presented with acute vascular obstruction, either arterial or venous, showed a minimal degree of fibrin degradation, with a dominance of intact, undegraded crosslinked gamma-gamma dimers. On the other hand, patients with long-standing symptoms associated with chronic aortic aneurysms had thrombi containing extensively degraded fibrin. Thrombi in large aortic aneurysms were dissected into concentric layers that showed different degrees of fibrinolysis. The luminal surface consisted of fresh, red thrombus and contained undegraded crosslinked fibrin similar to that found in patients with acute occlusive disease. Deeper layers of the thrombus showed gamma-gamma chain degradation throughout, indicating that this portion was undergoing active thrombolysis. The findings demonstrate that the variability in the pathophysiologic balance between coagulation and fibrinolysis is reflected in vivo by the polypeptide chain composition of crosslinked fibrin in thrombi. The results support the hypothesis of a dynamic equilibrium between clotting and lysis, but indicate that the balance between these two processes may be distinctly different in separate areas of a single clot. PMID- 6231968 TI - [Study of the effect of 2 inhibitors of nucleotide synthesis, aminopterin and fluorodeoxyuridine, on wild type strains and vestigial mutants in Drosophila melanogaster]. AB - Two inhibitors of nucleotide metabolism, aminopterin and FUdR, were tested on a wild type strain, on two mutant strains: vg and vgnp, and on a vg strain with the wild type genetic background. Without inhibitors, a lengthening of the developing time was observed for the mutant strains compared to the wild type. With aminopterin, larval mortality and lengthening of developing time are significantly higher in the wild type than in the mutant strains. Mutant strains seemed to be resistant to low concentrations of FUdR. The hypothesis of a perturbed pyrimidine metabolism in the mutants seems to be confirmed. PMID- 6231969 TI - Ventricular hypertrophy in sinoaortic denervated rats. AB - Sinoaortic denervation (SAD) induced a significant increase in mean arterial pressure in male (122 +/- 3 mmHg) and female (126 +/- 3 mmHg) rats compared to male (103 +/- 2 mmHg) and female (106 +/- 3 mmHg) sham-operated (SO) controls (P less than 0.05). A significant increase of the weight of the left ventricle (LV) (11.5%, P less than 0.001) was observed 15 days after surgery in male, but not in female, SAD hypertensive rats compared to pair-fed SO controls. The data suggest that hormonal factors contribute to rapid LV hypertrophy in male SAD hypertensive rats. PMID- 6231970 TI - Paralysis of phrenic nerve due to enlargement of left atrium. PMID- 6231971 TI - Changes in compensation for occupationally induced bladder cancer. PMID- 6231972 TI - The excitotoxin quinolinic acid is present and unevenly distributed in the rat brain. AB - The presence of quinolinic acid (2,3-pyridinedicarboxylic acid, QA) in the rat brain has been demonstrated using a mass-spectrometric method. Distribution studies indicate that this molecule is more concentrated in the cortex (2.1 nmol/g wet weight) than in other brain areas. Tryptophan, a possible QA precursor, administered in large doses, increases the cortical content of QA. The contrary occurs when rats are pretreated with p-chlorophenylalanine, a drug capable of decreasing brain tryptophan concentration. The neurotoxin 5,7 dihydroxytryptamine is inactive. Our findings support the idea that QA merits special attention as a potential transmitter and as an endogenous excitotoxin in brain. PMID- 6231973 TI - [Participation of the IgE receptor in the toxicity of blood platelets against schistosomes]. AB - Human blood platelets, incubated with the serum from patients with schistosomiasis or allergic asthma, became cytotoxic for schistosome larvae, in an allergen-specific mechanism linked to surface bound IgE on platelets. Cytotoxic factors, among which oxygen metabolites might be involved, were able to kill schistosomula through platelet-retaining filters. Flow cytometry showed that platelets bearing IgE receptors represented a subpopulation, the percentage of which significantly increased in patients with high levels of circulating IgE. PMID- 6231975 TI - Renal enzymes during experimental diabetes mellitus in the rat. Role of insulin, carbohydrate metabolism, and ketoacidosis. AB - The activities of various ammoniagenic, gluconeogenic, and glycolytic enzymes were measured in the renal cortex and also in the liver of rats made diabetic with streptozotocin. Five groups of animals were studied: normal, normoglycemic diabetic (insulin therapy), hyperglycemic, ketoacidotic, and ammonium chloride treated rats. Glutaminase I, glutamate dehydrogenase, glutamine synthetase, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), hexokinase, phosphofructokinase, fructose-1,6-diphosphatase, malate dehydrogenase, malic enzyme, and lactate dehydrogenase were measured. Renal glutaminase I activity rose during ketoacidosis and ammonium chloride acidosis. Glutamate dehydrogenase in the kidney rose only in ammonium chloride treated animals. Glutamine synthetase showed no particular variation. PEPCK rose in diabetic hyperglycemic animals and more so during ketoacidosis and ammonium chloride acidosis. It also rose in the liver of the diabetic animals. Hexokinase activity in the kidney rose in diabetic insulin-treated normoglycemic rats and also during ketoacidosis. The same pattern was observed in the liver of these diabetic rats. Renal and hepatic phosphofructokinase activities were elevated in all groups of experimental animals. Fructose-1,6-diphosphatase and malate dehydrogenase did not vary significantly in the kidney and the liver. Malic enzyme was lower in the kidney and liver of the hyperglycemic diabetic animals and also in the liver of the ketoacidotic rats. Lactate dehydrogenase fell slightly in the liver of diabetic hyperglycemic and NH4Cl acidotic animals. The present study indicates that glutaminase I is associated with the first step of increased renal ammoniagenesis during ketoacidosis. PEPCK activity is influenced both by hyperglycemia and ketoacidosis, acidosis playing an additional role. Insulin appears to prevent renal gluconeogenesis and to favour glycolysis. The latter would seem to remain operative in hyperglycemic and ketoacidotic diabetic animals. PMID- 6231974 TI - [Ovulation prediction in cattle by rapid measurement of plasma LH and by laparoscopic observation]. AB - The last hours of intrafollicular maturation are important to preserve the potential of oocytes for fertilization and development. To collect mature oocytes it is consequently essential to predict accurately the time of ovulation. Therefore we have modified a regular and specific plasma LH radioimmunoassay to a convenient assay providing reliable results within four to five hours. Using this technique we have been able to detect the LH peak with a delay small enough to predict the moment of ovulation; then we have been able to observe and photograph ovulation. The antigen-antibody reaction takes place during a two hour incubation at 37 degrees C. The immune complex is precipitated by addition of a rabbit anti gamma-globulin and incubation at 22 degrees C for 30 minutes. The variation between fast and regular assays is lower than 15%. From a study of 25 cycles in 12 animals we suggest intervals of approximately 27 hours between the beginning of the LH peak and ovulation and of about 17 hours between the end of the peak and ovulation. Intervals between the beginning of heat and ovulation appear irregular and cannot be used with certainty as a reference point to predict ovulation. Five ovulations were observed closely and in the five cases, the formation of an apex was noted Our results clearly show that with the technique mentioned above we can predict rapidly and precisely bovine ovulation. PMID- 6231976 TI - Isolation of nonlysogenic bacteria from lambda-lysogenized strains using antibiotic-resistant phage. AB - A simple and efficient method for obtaining nonlysogenic bacteria from lambda lysogenized strains using phage with an inserted antibiotic-resistant plasmid is described. When the lysogenic culture is infected with antibiotic-resistant phage, single non-lysogenic cells are lysogenized, isolated on selective medium, and cured of phage during incubation at 37 degrees C. PMID- 6231977 TI - Indigenous microfloras and resistance to bacterial infection in mice with experimentally induced diabetes: a possible animal model for opportunistic infection. AB - Persistent diabetes was induced in male Slc:ddY mice by a single intraperitoneal injection of 200 mg/kg streptozotocin (STZ). In these mice, the numbers of aerobic gram-negative bacilli, staphylococci (including micrococci), and streptococci increased, while those of other bacteria were almost unchanged in both oral and caecal floras. The mice were vulnerable to oral infection of Salmonella enteritidis, intranasal infection of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Serratia marcescens, and contact infection with mice infected with S. enteritidis and K. pneumoniae. These findings suggest that STZ-treated mice might be a useful model for investigating opportunistic infection. PMID- 6231978 TI - The dopamine/neuroleptic receptor. AB - The neuroleptic/dopamine receptor, with its picomolar affinity for potent neuroleptics, is the functional dopamine receptor of the brain. This receptor has been termed the D2 dopamine receptor, and it inhibits or interferes with dopamine stimulated adenylate cyclase. This D2 receptor has two states, each having different affinity for dopamine. The high-affinity state, termed D2 high, has a 10 nM affinity for dopamine and is the functional correlate for dopamine autoreceptors and for the dopamine receptor in the pituitary gland. The low affinity state, termed D2 low, has a 2000 nM affinity for dopamine, and may possibly represent the desensitized state of the dopamine receptor or the functional post-synaptic receptor. PMID- 6231979 TI - Dopamine agonists in Parkinson's disease. AB - Dopamine agonists have yielded two important advances to our understanding of the basal ganglia--they have facilitated the subdivision of different classes of dopamine receptors, and they have established the fact that important dopaminergic effects can be achieved by activation of dopamine receptors in a manner that is unrelated to anoxal impulse traffic in dopaminergic neurons--a phenomenon similar in its diffuse, slow, characteristics to an endocrine effect. The tangible clinical benefit of dopamine agonists has been evident in patients with prominent dyskinesia or wearing off reactions. It is possible that earlier use of agonists, in low doses combined with similarly low doses of levodopa, may improve the long term treatment of Parkinson's disease, but as yet there is no firm evidence. In the future, we can expect to see agonists with more prolonged effects, deriving from the formation of active metabolites. We can also hope to gain further insight into the correlations between the various animal models of dopaminomimetic activity, and specific aspects of drug efficacy and toxicity in parkinsonian patients. Such information should allow the design of improved pharmacotherapy. PMID- 6231980 TI - Immunochemical aspects of human IgG4. PMID- 6231981 TI - Nonreaginic anaphylactic antibodies in animals. PMID- 6231982 TI - Nonreaginic anaphylactic antibodies in man. PMID- 6231984 TI - A quantitative comparison of T-cell subsets in Hodgkin's disease and reactive hyperplasia. Frozen section immunohistochemistry. AB - Cryostat sections of lymph nodes from patients with Hodgkin's disease were stained with monoclonal antibodies reactive with T-cells including T-cell subsets. Lymph nodes showing reactive hyperplasia were used as controls. Using an eyepiece grid, the stained cells were counted and subset ratios determined. The ratio of helper T-cells to cytotoxic/suppressor T-cells, i.e., (formula; see text) in Hodgkin's disease was found to be significantly different from ratios obtained from reactive nodes. This difference may be explained by a relative increase in cytotoxic/suppressor T-cells and/or a decrease in helper T-cells. This finding may relate to the previously reported increase in suppressor cell activity in patients with Hodgkin's disease and may also correlate with diminished delayed-type hypersensitivity in such patients. PMID- 6231983 TI - Interactions of food antigens, antibodies, and antigen-antibody complexes in health and disease. PMID- 6231985 TI - Neocarzinostatin-mediated DNA damage and repair in wild-type and repair-deficient Chinese hamster ovary cells. AB - The formation and repair of neocarzinostatin (NCS)-mediated DNA damage were examined in two strains of Chinese hamster ovary cells. The response in strain EM9, a mutant line selected for its sensitivity to ethyl methanesulfonate and shown to have a defect in the repair of X-ray-induced DNA breaks, was compared with that observed in the parental strain (AA8). The DNA strand breaks and their subsequent rejoining were measured using the method of elution of DNA from filters under either alkaline (for single-strand breaks), or nondenaturing conditions (for double-strand breaks). Colony survival assays showed that the mutant was more sensitive to the action of NCS than was the parental strain by a factor of approximately 1.5. Elution analyses showed that the DNA from both strains was damaged by NCS; the mutant displayed more damage than the parent under the same treatment conditions. Single-strand breaks were produced with a frequency of about 10 to 15 times the frequency of double-strand breaks. Both strains were able to rejoin both single-strand breaks and double-strand breaks induced by NCS treatment. The strand break data suggest that the difference in NCS-mediated cytotoxicity between EM9 and AA8 cells may be directly related to the enhanced production of DNA strand breaks in EM9. However, the fact that much higher doses of NCS were required in the DNA studies compared to the colony survival assays implies that either a small number of DNA breaks occur in a critical region of the genome, or that lesions other than DNA strand breaks are partly responsible for the observed cytotoxicity. PMID- 6231987 TI - Effect of cellular fatty acid alteration on adriamycin sensitivity in cultured L1210 murine leukemia cells. AB - We have investigated the effect of cellular fatty acid alteration on Adriamycin cytotoxicity using the L1210 lymphoblastic leukemia cell line. Cells growing in Roswell Park Memorial Institute Medium 1640 with 5% fetal bovine serum were modified with respect to fatty acid composition by supplementing their growth medium with 32 microM docosahexaenoic acid (22:6) or oleic acid (18:1). A soft agar clonogenic assay was then used to assess survival following incubation with Adriamycin. When exposed to the drug at a concentration of 0.4 microM, cells grown in the 22:6-supplemented medium were more sensitive (min of drug treatment required to reduce survival by 63% on the exponential portion of the survival curve, 64.9 +/- 4.2 min) to the cytotoxic effects of Adriamycin than cells grown in unsupplemented medium (min of drug treatment required to reduce survival by 63% on the exponential part of the survival curve, 106 +/- 9.7 min) (p less than 0.005). Cytotoxicity of L1210 cells grown in 18:1-supplemented medium was similar to that of cells grown in unsupplemented medium (min of drug treatment required to reduce survival by 63% on the exponential part of the survival curve, 126.6 +/ 9.1 min). The heightened sensitivity to Adriamycin of cells whose medium contained 22:6 increased as the concentration of fatty acid used to supplement the growth medium was increased. The cytotoxicity was also a function of the concentration of Adriamycin from 0.1 to 1.6 microM. When compared to cells grown in unsupplemented medium, those grown in 22:6-supplemented medium contained 3- to 4-fold more polyunsaturated fatty acids in their phospholipids, with a resultant doubling in the mean number of double bonds per fatty acid molecule. These data demonstrate that modification of cellular fatty acid composition may dramatically affect the sensitivity of a tumor cell to Adriamycin. PMID- 6231986 TI - Potentiation of 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine antineoplastic activity by the uridine phosphorylase inhibitors benzylacyclouridine and benzyloxybenzylacyclouridine. AB - At a nontoxic dose (50 microM), the two potent uridine phosphorylase inhibitors, benzylacyclouridine and benzyloxybenzylacyclouridine (BBAU), potentiated 5-fluoro 2'-deoxyuridine (FdUrd) growth inhibition of human pancreatic carcinoma (DAN) and, to a lesser extent, human lung carcinoma (LX-1) cells in culture. BBAU was more effective than benzylacyclouridine. BBAU (50 microM) enhanced the cytocidal effect of FdUrd (1 microM, 3 hr) on DAN grown on soft agar from 75 to 88%. In antithymocyte serum-immunosuppressed mice bearing DAN, the mean tumor weight in animals treated with FdUrd (50 mg/kg/day for 2 days) was 11% less than that of untreated controls. When BBAU (10 mg/kg/day for 2 days) was coadministered, the mean tumor weight at Day 10 was 78% less than untreated controls, with no apparent host toxicity, clearly demonstrating the potentiation of the antitumor effects of FdUrd by BBAU. The fact that DAN responded better than LX-1 to benzylacyclouridine and BBAU could be due, in part, to the lower relative activity of thymidine phosphorylase to uridine phosphorylase in DAN compared to LX-1. The activities of other enzymes involved in FdUrd metabolism, thymidine kinase, uridine kinase, orotate phosphoribosyltransferase, 5'-nucleotidase, and dihydrouracil dehydrogenase, did not differ between the two cell lines. PMID- 6231988 TI - Blood flow in transplantable bladder tumors treated with hematoporphyrin derivative and light. AB - Following hematoporphyrin derivative (HPD) photochemotherapy, blood flow to transplantable N-[4-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-2-thia-zolyl] formamide-induced urothelial tumors was determined by a radioactive microsphere technique using either 103Ru or 141Ce. Two tumors were implanted s.c. on the abdominal wall of Fischer 344 weanling rats. HPD (10 mg/kg body weight) was administered 24 hr prior to phototherapy (red light, greater than 590 nm; 360 J/sq cm). One of the two tumors was shielded from light exposure and served as an internal control. Blood flows were determined in control animals that received no treatment (Group 1), HPD only (Group 2), or light only (Group 3). In Groups 4 and 5, animals received the combination of HPD and light but differed in the time interval between treatment and blood flow determinations (10 min and 24 hr, respectively). Only blood flow to tumors treated with HPD and light showed a significant decrease (p less than 0.05) when compared with their internal controls both at 10 min (Group 4) and 24 hr (Group 5) after completion of phototherapy. These studies suggest that disruption of tumor blood flow may be an important mechanism of action of this method of cancer therapy. PMID- 6231989 TI - Long-term effects of dichloromethylene diphosphonate in patients with osteolytic bone metastases and coincident primary hyperparathyroidism. AB - Dichloromethylene diphosphonate (Cl2MDP), an inhibitor of osteoclast-mediated bone resorption, lowers serum calcium in hypercalcemia associated with malignancies and with primary hyperparathyroidism. We have evaluated the effectiveness of Cl2MDP in three patients who had multiple osteolytic bone metastases due to breast cancer and coincident primary hyperparathyroidism and who refused neck exploration. Cl2MDP was added to the tamoxifen treatment and was given orally at a dose of 1600 mg/day for 12 months. All patients had a reduction in serum calcium level which was accompanied by a decline in the fasting urinary calcium and hydroxyproline excretion. Administration of Cl2MDP was not associated with any changes in parathyroid hormone levels. New bone metastases were observed neither during the treatment nor in the follow-up period. No side effects were observed. PMID- 6231990 TI - Chlorozotocin: phase II evaluation in patients with myeloma. PMID- 6231991 TI - Decreased sensitivity of T lymphocytes to normal adherent suppressor cells in patients with head and neck cancer. AB - The sensitivity of T Lymphocytes to the inhibitory action of normal adherent cells in the mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) was studied in 20 subjects with head and neck cancer. T lymphocytes from cancer patients proliferated in the MLR both in the absence and in the presence of increasing numbers of autologous as well as allogeneic adherent cells, while the blastogenesis of T lymphocytes from controls was inhibited up to 70% by the addition of adherent cells to the culture. Such a lack of sensitivity to adherent cells in cancer patients occurred both in allogeneic and in autologous MLR. These observations indicate that the immunocompetence of patients with head and neck cancer may be related to a defect of macrophage-T lymphocyte interaction similar to the one described in patients with common varied immunodeficiency. PMID- 6231992 TI - Recurrent obstruction and thrombolysis of the right coronary artery. AB - A patient presented twice with the hyperacute phase of inferior wall myocardial infarction. Emergency coronary angiography was undertaken on each occasion and the occluded right coronary artery reopened by intracoronary thrombolysis using urokinase. The patient subsequently underwent successful percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty to dilate the underlying subtotal obstructive lesion in the proximal right coronary artery. The sequence of events in this patient demonstrates that (1) acute coronary thrombolysis can preserve ventricular myocardium, (2) recurrent thrombolysis can be performed successfully in the same artery in the same patient, and (3) coronary angioplasty may be an effective method of dilating the underlying coronary narrowing after coronary thrombolysis. PMID- 6231993 TI - Quantification and origin of spindles in orthotopic and heterotopic grafts of avian muscles. AB - Regeneration of muscle spindles was quantified in a series of orthotopically and heterotopically autografted muscles of pigeons. Significantly fewer spindles relative to numbers of extrafusal fibers were present in grafts than in normal muscles. These results are in marked contrast to observations of free-grafted muscles of rats. A majority of grafts of the metapatagialis, a muscle devoid of spindles, into the site of the anterior latissimus dorsi contained spindles. A few spindles were present in grafts of the extensor digitorum communis, which normally contains many spindles, into the site formerly occupied by the metapatagialis whereas muscle spindles were absent in orthotopic grafts of the metapatagialis muscle. These observations suggest that the spindle-like structures observed in the extensor digitorum communis muscles, which regenerated in the sites of the metapatagialis, were derived from spindles of the donor muscle. Thus muscle spindles in transplanted avian muscle can form by two distinct developmental processes. PMID- 6231994 TI - Reoperation for correction of anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery with return of left ventricular function. AB - An adult patient is presented in whom anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery was diagnosed in infancy. Initial treatment included a palliative poudrage procedure. Resulting widespread, dense adhesions were encountered during reoperation in adulthood and precluded direct reimplantation of the left coronary artery into the aorta. Instead, a tunnel within the pulmonary artery was constructed from the aorta to the left coronary ostium using a baffle of woven Dacron. Preoperative and postoperative studies showed improvement in ejection fraction and resolution of diaphragmatic hypokinesis. PMID- 6231995 TI - Transcatheter laser dissolution of human atherosclerotic plaques: a model for testing catheters and techniques. AB - We constructed a model of the human arterial circulation that can be used to test laser angioplasty catheters and techniques on obstructed human coronary arteries under simulated physiologic conditions of blood pressure and flow. In this model system, a balloon-tipped catheter with a central, 0.02-cm light fiber was used to deliver 4 W of laser energy to two obstructed human cadaver coronary artery segments and four normal dog femoral artery segments. Flushing the catheter with saline during the lases minimized lateral thermal tissue damage. Channels were created in the obstructed arteries that were twice the diameter of the light fiber used to lase. One of four dog arteries perforated, underscoring the potential hazards of the procedure and the need for laser catheters that are flexible and capable of precise alignment. PMID- 6231996 TI - In vitro differentiation in the absence of nerve of avian myoblasts derived from slow and fast muscle rudiments. AB - Slow anterior latissimus dorsi (ALD) and fast posterior latissimus dorsi (PLD) muscles of 9-day-old quail embryos were cultured in vitro without neurons for 1 to 12 weeks. Several differences could be observed between ALD- and PLD-derived cells. PLD cultures proliferated less rapidly than ALD cultures. ALD-derived muscle fibres exhibited wide Z lines, numerous mitochondria, and a poorly developed sarcotubular system, while PLD-derived muscle fibres exhibited narrow Z lines, few mitochondria, and an abundant sarcotubular system. Staining for myofibrillar ATPase revealed that all well-differentiated ALD-derived muscle fibres were of the beta' type, while PLD-derived fibres were of beta and beta R types. These results show that myoblasts from slow and fast muscle rudiments can express in vitro some of the characteristic features of slow and fast muscle fibres, independently of motor innervation. PMID- 6231997 TI - Inhibition of IL 2 responsiveness of mitogen-stimulated lymphocytes by SMLR generated plastic adherent suppressor cells. AB - The proliferative response of spleen cells to concanavalin A (Con A) can be abrogated by plastic adherent suppressors generated in syngeneic mixed lymphocyte cultures of spleen cells. The addition of exogenously produced interleukins does not overcome the suppression, indicating that the suppressors are not simply competing for available growth factors. To examine the effect of the suppressors on IL 2 production and responsiveness, spleen cells were stimulated with Con A in the presence of the suppressors and assayed both for ability to produce IL 2 and for ability to bind IL 2. The culture supernates of suppressed spleen cells contained normal titers of biologically active IL 2, indicating that the suppressors do not inhibit IL 2 production or inactivate IL 2 after it is produced. Since IL 1 is required for IL 2 production, the failure of the suppressors to affect IL 2 production suggests that the suppressors have no effect on either production of, or responsiveness to, IL 1. The suppressed cells did, however, display a substantial reduction in ability to absorb IL 2 activity from a standard IL 2 preparation. The reduced frequency of IL 2 reactive cells did not appear to be due to a cytotoxic reaction insofar as no difference in viable cell recovery was noted between suppressed and nonsuppressed cultures at the time of assay. The suppressors therefore appear to inhibit the expression of IL 2 responsiveness without inhibiting the production of IL 2. PMID- 6231998 TI - Interleukin 2 induction of antigen-nonspecific suppressor cells. AB - Although Interleukin 2 (IL-2) is essential to the generation of immune responses it may also be important as a regulator of these same responses, as both primary and secondary anti-SRBC responses are greatly diminished when IL-2 is included in culture. IL-2 must be present within the first 24 hr of culture to affect maximum suppression. This inhibition is mediated by suppressor cells which are expanded by pulsing spleen cells with IL-2 for 48-72 hr. Their development is not antigen dependent and their action is antigen nonspecific. Suppressor cell activity can be generated from either naive or primed animals which are equally effective in inhibiting primary or secondary anti-SRBC responses. Suppressor cells can be propagated for long periods of time in T-cell growth factor-containing medium. These long-term cultured cells retain the ability to inhibit various immune responses such as mitogen- and alloantigen-induced proliferation, the generation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes and humoral responses. These cells suppress these responses by absorbing IL-2, as demonstrated by their ability to remove IL-2 upon incubation at 4 degrees C, and the reversal of suppression by the addition of supraoptimal amounts of IL-2. PMID- 6231999 TI - Suppressor T-lymphocytes in the spinal cord of Lewis rats recovered from acute experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. AB - The quantity and distribution of T-lymphocyte phenotypes in the spinal cord of Lewis rats which have recovered from acute encephalomyelitis (EAE) were studied. Lymphoid cells were detected in the spinal cords of all the recovered, asymptomatic rats for periods up to 4 months after recovery. The major difference between the T-lymphocyte populations found in acute EAE compared to the asymptomatic chronic condition was the increase of OX-8 (suppressor) T cells. Thus, the cellular infiltration of the CNS in EAE in the rat appears to be persistent after clinical recovery. Furthermore, the association between OX-8 cells in the spinal cord and the symptom-free stage of the disorder suggests that these suppressor cells exert an effect at the level of the target organ. PMID- 6232000 TI - Characterization of a long-term T-helper-cell line which produces IL-2 and induces immunoglobulin secretion. AB - Six OKT4+ human T-cell lines that require continuing PHA stimulation and TCGF for continuous growth were established. The cells from all six of these T-cell lines became smaller in size and lost the cell surface Ia antigen when they were grown in phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-depleted growth factor. These cells were unable to survive in the absence of PHA even if exogenous factor was present in great abundance. One of the cell lines (FL) was capable of providing helper functions. In the presence of PHA and phorbol myristate acetate, FL cells produced a growth factor, tentatively identified as Interleukin 2 (IL-2) by its ability to promote the proliferation of an IL-2-dependent murine T-cell line. Moreover, when FL cells were cocultured with B cells, pokeweed mitogen-induced immunoglobulin production was enhanced. PMID- 6232001 TI - Relationships between suppressor macrophages and macrophage precursors in the spleens from tumor-bearing mice. AB - Suppressor macrophages (M phi) which can inhibit mitogen-induced lymphocyte proliferation appeared in the spleens of mice bearing transplanted MC-A fibrosarcoma cells. An analysis of the ontogeny of such M phi revealed additional suppressor activity directed against macrophage stem cells. Treatment of spleen cell suspensions with carbonyl iron followed by centrifugation removed suppressor M phi but did not deplete M phi-colony forming cells (M-CFC) which could be demonstrated in soft agar culture in L-cell conditioned medium (LCM). Untreated spleen cells had normal numbers of M-CFC; phagocyte-depleted mononuclear cells showed a threefold increase in M-CFC 14 days after subcutaneous inoculation of 10(6) MC-A cells per mouse. Further increases in M-CFC were also evident in similar preparations on Days 21 and 28 when the M-CFC concentration reached a maximum of eight times the normal level. The M phi which developed from the M-CFC grown in the presence of LCM were later shown to have indomethacin-sensitive suppressor activity suggesting the mediation of this phenomenon by prostaglandins. These observations suggest that locally produced phagocytic suppressor M phi from the spleens of tumor-bearing mice play important roles not only as inhibitors of lymphocyte proliferation as reported earlier, but also as regulators of monocyte-M phi production. PMID- 6232002 TI - Isolation of human mononuclear cell subsets by counterflow centrifugal elutriation (CCE). I. Characterization of B-lymphocyte-, T-lymphocyte-, and monocyte-enriched fractions by flow cytometric analysis. AB - Rapid separation of large numbers of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells into fractions enriched for B lymphocytes, T lymphocytes, or monocytes was accomplished by counterflow centrifugal elutriation (CCE). The first fraction contained 98% of the platelets. Ten additional fractions containing subpopulations of mononuclear cells were collected by sequential increases in the flow rate while maintaining a constant centrifuge speed. Analysis of the fractions using monoclonal antibodies revealed that fraction 2, which was free of esterase-positive monocytes, was highly enriched for B cells. T lymphocytes (OKT3+) were the predominant cell type found in fraction 4. No enrichment for T lymphocyte-helper (OKT4+) or -suppressor (OKT8+) subpopulations was observed in the lymphocyte containing fractions. Three fractions (7-9), highly enriched for esterase-positive cells, were predominantly OKM1+ monocytes with no evidence of selective separation of monocyte subpopulations. Thus, cell fractions enriched for B cells, T cells, and monocytes could be obtained, by utilizing CCE, in large enough quantities to enable analysis of their functional properties. Of particular interest was the ability to separate small, resting B lymphocytes from monocytes. PMID- 6232003 TI - Isolation of human mononuclear cell subsets by counterflow centrifugal elutriation (CCE). II. Functional properties of B-lymphocyte-, T-lymphocyte-, and monocyte-enriched fractions. AB - Counterflow centrifugal elutriation (CCE), a technique which separates cells by size and density, was used to separate human peripheral blood mononuclear cells into fractions enriched for T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, and monocytes. These morphologically and phenotypically distinct fractions were analyzed for their ability to respond in several functional assays. B-Cell-enriched fractions devoid of monocytes did not proliferate nor produce significant quantities of lymphokines in response to antigens. These B cells did proliferate to anti-IgM antibodies but not to anti-IgD antibodies. B-Cell fractions served as stimulators of the autologous mixed-lymphocyte reaction (AMLR). T-Lymphocyte fractions were unable to respond to antigen challenge, but both proliferation and lymphokine production could be restored by the addition of monocytes. Monocyte fractions produced PGE2, displayed chemotaxis, and functioned as stimulators in the AMLR. Thus, CCE appears to be a useful technique for reproducibly obtaining highly enriched subsets of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells with unique phenotypic and functional properties. These isolated populations can consequently be used to identify the independent and collaborative roles of the cells in immunological events. PMID- 6232004 TI - A cytotoxic mononuclear phagocytic cell line. AB - A human mononuclear phagocytic cell line (M22) was established from lymph node cells of a cancer patient. Little or no multiplication occurred in the absence of target cells such as primary or continuous cultures of human, monkey, or mouse. In response to a target stimulus, M22 altered from the resting thick-walled stage and in time, target cells were destroyed. M22 resembled a monocyte, possessing Fc and complement receptors, strong nonspecific esterase activity, pinocytosis, and lacking B- and T-cell markers but differed by lacking lysozyme. It possessed acid and alkaline phosphatases but lacked myeloperoxidase. Unlike other described monocyte lines, M22 was unique in its nonspecific cytotoxic activity. PMID- 6232005 TI - Macrophages in murine uterus are immunosuppressive. AB - The mechanisms by which the fetal allograft is protected from a maternal anti fetal immune response are not understood. This study was designed to examine the possibility that tissues near the developing fetus contain immunoregulatory cells and to begin the process of identification of those cells. Dispersed uterine cell suspensions from pregnant Swiss/Webster mice consistently inhibited the responses of normal murine spleen cells to the polyclonal mitogen phytohemagglutinin (PHA). These suspensions contained few lymphocytes (mean 1%), but abundant macrophages (mean 28%), identified by morphology and Fc gamma-receptor expression. Depletion of Fc gamma-receptor-positive cells restored spleen cell (SC) responses to PHA to near normal levels and partial depletion of adherent cells provided varying degrees of relief of the observed suppression. Adherent cells (greater than 95% macrophages) recovered from plastic surfaces were highly immunosuppressive. Suppressor cells appeared to interfere with both early and late stages of spleen cell proliferative responses. The results suggest that cells with some characteristics of macrophages within tissues near the maternal-fetal interface may create a local environment prohibitive to maternal lymphocyte proliferation. PMID- 6232006 TI - Normal and tumor-bearing host macrophage factor-mediated modulation of mixed lymphocyte reaction responsiveness: separation of T-lymphocyte subset susceptibility to enhancing and inhibitory factors. AB - The mixed-lymphocyte reaction reactivity of normal and tumor-bearing host (TBH) T cell subsets was examined in response to normal and TBH macrophage (M phi) supernatants. Both inhibiting and enhancing activities were identified in normal and TBH M phi supernatants. The present data suggest that TBH M phi supernatants contained more inhibitory activity than normal host M phi supernatants and that enhancing activity of M phi supernatants was restricted to the Lyt 2,3+ population of cells. TBH Lyt 2,3+ cells were more responsive to the enhancing molecule(s) than their normal counterparts. These data were consistent with studies which implicate M phi as being partially responsible for the immune dysfunction seen in TBH, and extends previous findings on the ability of M phi to regulate the immune response in an attempt to achieve homeostasis. PMID- 6232007 TI - [The importance of food in the transmission of viral diseases. Review]. PMID- 6232009 TI - [Experience in colicinogen typing of Shigella sonnei strains from the Southern Moravia Region using specific indicators]. PMID- 6232008 TI - [Circulating immunocomplexes. I. The effect of working conditions on the resulting values of the PEG-IKEM test. Methodology study]. PMID- 6232010 TI - [Urethritis in men caused by Chlamydia trachomatis]. PMID- 6232011 TI - [Rabies vaccine in Czechoslovakia. II. Vaccines from duck embryos and Selim's vaccine from tissue cultures]. PMID- 6232012 TI - [Aspects of the quantification of components of human complement. III. Determination of the C4 component of complement]. PMID- 6232013 TI - [The effect of disinfectants on the infectivity of Cryptosporidium sp. oocysts]. PMID- 6232014 TI - [The community pediatrician--coordinator of the comprehensive care of the child]. PMID- 6232016 TI - Appraisal of a new method for the suspension of the urethra on the abdominal wall. AB - We have studied results obtained in 35 patients suffering from stress urinary incontinence who underwent suspension of the urethra on the abdominal fascia of rectus muscles. Our surgical technique described in this paper leads to excellent correction of urethro-vesical prolapse and complete regression of symptomatology. PMID- 6232015 TI - Treatment of gonorrhoea in males in the Central African Republic with spectinomycin and procaine penicillin. AB - Gonorrhoea has become a problem in most parts of the world, and valid recommendations for treatment are important for control of the disease. In this study in Bangui, Central African Republic, 460 male patients with gonorrhoea were randomly assigned to treatment with either 4.0 x 10(6) units of procaine penicillin plus 1 g of probenecid, or 2 g of spectinomycin. Of these patients, 91% returned for follow-up; the failure rate was 4.8% with the penicillin schedule and 6.2% with spectinomycin (difference not statistically significant). Concomitant Chlamydia trachomatis infection was found in 5% of patients, and almost all of this group developed postgonococcal urethritis.Of the 460 patients, 7 (1.5%) were infected with penicillinase-producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae (PPNG) strains. Penicillin treatment failed in these cases, while spectinomycin was highly efficacious. The failure rate for penicillin was considerably higher in infections with strains that were less sensitive to penicillin in vitro. The failure rate for spectinomycin treatment was higher in patients who were infected with a strain that was highly sensitive to penicillin.It is concluded that, once PPNG strains have been found in a country, treatment of gonorrhoea should be based on an antibiotic that cures PPNG infections. Tetracycline can be used as second-line treatment, since it will also cure C. trachomatis infection, which is much less frequently associated with gonorrhoea in Africa than in industrial countries. PMID- 6232017 TI - Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty: review of iliac and femoral dilatations at the Cleveland Clinic. PMID- 6232018 TI - The prevalence of myocardial bridging and septal squeeze in patients with significant aortic stenosis. PMID- 6232019 TI - Hormonal effects of GnRH agonist in the human male: II. Testosterone enhances gonadotrophin suppression induced by GnRH agonist. AB - Superactive analogues of gonadotrophin releasing hormone and testosterone, when administered together, synergistically inhibit gonadotrophin secretion and spermatogenesis in the rat. In order to determine whether testosterone also enhanced gonadotrophin suppression by GnRH agonist in the human male, two groups of four normal male volunteers first received either 10 or 100 micrograms of a GnRH agonist D(Nal2)6GnRH (GnRH-A) daily for 10 d. After at least a 50 d recovery period, the same subjects received a single injection of 200 mg of testosterone oenanthate (TE) on day 1 in addition to the same dose of GnRH-A daily for 10 d. Serum LH, FSH and testosterone (TS) concentrations were measured daily just prior to the next analogue dose, and on days 1 and 10 at 0, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16 and 24 h after the analogue injection. Daily administration of both 10 and 100 micrograms of GnRH-A alone resulted in an early phase of stimulation followed by progressive decline in LH, FSH and testosterone to levels below baseline by day 10 despite continued administration of GnRH-A. Addition of testosterone to 10 micrograms of GnRH-A resulted in hormonal responses identical to those seen with GnRH-A alone. Combined treatment of testosterone with 100 micrograms of GnRH-A did not blunt the peak LH and FSH responses on day 2, but resulted in significantly lower LH (mean integrated responses: 187 +/- 30 vs. 234 +/- 42 mIU d/ml) and FSH (mean integrated responses: 20.6 +/- 3.3 vs. 32.8 +/- 4.2 mIU-d/ml) responses from days 3 to 11. By day 11, all subjects receiving combined treatment (GnRH-A 100 micrograms + testosterone oenanthate) had undetectable serum FSH levels. In contrast, serum FSH concentrations on day 11 after treatment with GnRH A alone were 43.6 +/- 8.9% of control and none of the subjects had values below the limit of detection. Serum testosterone levels in the combined treatment group did not fall below baseline by day 10 in either the 10 (161.4 +/- 48%) or the 100 micrograms GnRH-A groups (104.6 +/- 11.2%), while in the group receiving GnRH-A alone, testosterone levels declined to 45.6 +/- 8.3% and 80 +/- 18.8% with the 10 and 100 micrograms dose respectively. We conclude that addition of a suppressive dose of testosterone to an appropriate dose of GnRN-A significantly enhances gonadotrophin suppression by GnRH-A in the human male.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6232020 TI - Treatment of precocious puberty with LHRH analogue in combination with cyproterone acetate-further experience. AB - Six girls and one boy with precocious puberty were treated with a superactive LHRH analogue (D-TRP6-LHRH) for periods ranging from 1 year to 2 years and 3 months. In the first phase of the treatment it was administered in combination with cyproterone acetate (CyA) to counteract an early stimulatory effect until inhibition of gonadotrophin secretion was achieved. The gonadotrophin-dependent signs i.e. gonadarche, showed sustained arrest and even regression. Gonadal sex steroids decreased but the adrenal androgens were unaffected. In four patients who showed progression of the angrogen-dependent signs (adrenarche), despite suppression of gonadotrophins, increasing the dosage of the LHRH analogue was ineffective and combined therapy with CyA was reinstituted in three of them because of accelerated growth and bone maturation. It is concluded that at present the treatment of choice for precocious puberty is the daily administration of a superactive LHRH analogue such as D-TRP6-LHRH, together with CyA in the initial stage, and at a later state if adrenarche progresses too rapidly. PMID- 6232021 TI - Prevalence of eczema and other dermatoses of the hands and forearms in construction workers in the Netherlands. PMID- 6232022 TI - Allergic contact dermatitis from Machaerium scleroxylum Tul. (Pao ferro) in a joinery shop. PMID- 6232023 TI - The role of the spleen in experimental autoimmune thyroiditis. AB - We have investigated the role of the spleen in the humoral and cellular immune response of rats with experimental autoimmune thyroiditis (EAT) induced by immunization with thyroglobulin and Freund's complete adjuvant. Animals subjected to splenectomy within 4 days of immunization developed lower thyroglobulin antibody levels and less severe thyroiditis compared to sham operated controls. There was no impairment in the ability of the animals to recover spontaneously from the disease after splenectomy. Together with the results obtained using splenocyte infusions, this suggests that suppressor cell production within the spleen plays only a small part in the normal immunological control which is presumably responsible for spontaneous regression of the disease. PMID- 6232024 TI - Increased expression of the C3b receptor by neutrophils and complement activation during haemodialysis. AB - Activation of complement and the relative number of C3b receptors expressed by neutrophils was assessed in patients undergoing haemodialysis with new and reused cellulosic membranes, and with polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) membranes. Activation of complement was assessed by radioimmunoassay of plasma C3adesArg, and neutrophil C3b receptors were measured by fluorescent flow cytometry of cells indirectly stained with F(ab')2 anti-C3b receptor. During first use of cellulosic dialysis membranes by four patients, the mean expression of C3b receptors by neutrophils in blood taken from the afferent line of the extra-corporeal system after 10, 20, 60 and 120 min of dialysis increased to 127, 189, 255 and 296%, respectively. The mean plasma C3adesArg concentrations in the corresponding samples of blood were 225, 320, 236 and 160% of the pre-dialysis levels. During third and fifth use of the same membranes by these patients, the mean C3b receptor expression by neutrophils did not exceed 150% of the predialysis determination, and correspondingly minimal increases in plasma C3adesArg were observed. Analysis of blood taken simultaneously from the afferent and efferent lines of the first use cellulosic dialysis system indicated that the increase in C3b receptor expression by neutrophils and generation of C3adesArg occurred when blood came in contact with the dialysis membrane. Haemodialysis of four additional patients with the non-complement activating PMMA membrane caused only modest or no increases in neutrophil C3b receptors. Thus, complement activation in vivo is associated with up-regulation of neutrophilic C3b receptors, indicating that this cellular response previously described only in model, in vitro systems, is a physiological mechanism by which this cell can augment its capacity for responding to C3b opsonized material. PMID- 6232025 TI - The significance of changes in blood lymphocyte populations following surgical operations. AB - After surgery blood lymphocyte levels fell to one-third of the pre-operative value. Since this depression was transient, and followed the peak of serum cortisol closely, it was probably due to a redistribution of lymphocytes from the blood to the tissues. The proportion of activated lymphocytes, as measured by the incorporation of 3H-thymidine in vitro without added mitogen, was substantially increased about 5-8 days after operation. The greatest number of S-phase lymphocytes was found after operation combined with blood transfusion but surgery alone and blood transfusion alone each produced significant increases. The proportions of B lymphocytes, T helper cells and T suppressor cells remained nearly constant despite the fluctuations in total lymphocyte counts. The response of lymphocytes in vitro to phytohaemagglutin (PHA) was doubled on average 7 days after surgery provided the test was performed in the patient's own serum. In pooled serum there was no consistent change in the response to PHA. It is argued that none of the observed changes necessarily signify that a phase of immunosuppression follows surgical operations. PMID- 6232026 TI - Cardiac hypertrophy in the absence of pressure overload: an experimental and clinical report. AB - A stimulated altitude of 7000 m was applied in rats chronically exposed to hypoxia in a hypobaric chamber. In these experimental conditions the contralateral ventricle not exposed to pressure overload (that is, the left) showed a significant degree of hypertrophy. The hypoxic stimulus did not affect systemic artery pressure or the heart rate. Chronic adrenergic stimulation performed in the rat treated with low doses of isoprenaline (a direct stimulating adrenergic drug) or with tyramine (primarily a releaser of endogenous catecholamines) induced hypertrophy of the right ventricle, left ventricle, and interventricular septum without modifying the haemodynamic parameters mentioned above. The development of ventricular hypertrophy in the absence of pressure overload is stressed. A role for neurohumoral factors (that is, adrenergic stimulation and catecholamines) in the development of ventricular hypertrophy is suggested. PMID- 6232027 TI - Serial monitoring of T-cell subset ratios with monoclonal antibodies in steroid- and antithymocyte globulin-treated patients with renal allotransplants. AB - Sequential changes in T-cell subsets or their ratios were employed to predict severity of rejection crises and to identify those patients who might require future antirejection therapy. Forty-two percent of the transplant recipients had a pretransplant OKT4:8 ratio in the range of 1.3 +/- 0.5. By contrast, only 11% had a OKT4:8 ratio of 2.9 or greater. Examination of the entire study group demonstrated that the mean OKT4:8 ratios fell (P less than 0.01) in the first week following the transplant procedure. All patients had at least one episode of acute rejection. There was a marked increase (P less than 0.05) in the OKT4:8 ratio between the first week value and the value immediately preceding (within 3 days) the start of the rejection episode which was 2.64 +/- 0.27. The mean OKT4:8 ratio in the 15 patients leaving the hospital with a functioning transplant was 1.18 +/- 0.35. Three months post-transplant, the OKT4:8 ratio was 1.98 +/- 0.39 in the 12 patients with functioning allografts. This value was not different from those patients' initial pretransplant values. Clinically, the rejection episodes could be divided into two groups based on their response to intravenous methylprednisolone therapy. The first group (n = 9) had milder rejection crises which responded rapidly to administration of one course of methylprednisolone. The second group of patients (n = 9) were also treated initially with methylprednisolone, to which they did not respond, and subsequently received antithymocyte globulin in an attempt to control their ongoing rejection crises. Following the transplant procedure, the OKT4:8 ratio decreased in patients who were destined to have steroid-responsive rejection episodes (P less than 0.01). The OKT4:8 ratio however, failed to fall in those who required ATG for control of their transplant rejection episodes. The onset of rejection episodes was associated with an increase in OKT4:8 ratio in both groups. Following steroid administration, two patterns of OKT4:8 cell responses were observed. Those in whom renal function improved demonstrated a decline in OKT4:8 ratio from 2.4 +/- 0.4 to 1.4 +/- 0.4 (P less than 0.05). However, no change occurred in the OKT4:8 ratios with steroid therapy (2.6 to 2.4 +/- 0.33, P greater than 0.05) in individuals in whom the serum creatinine concentration failed to decline. The patients who failed to respond to steroid therapy were treated with antithymocyte globulin (ATG).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6232028 TI - Distribution of activated B lymphocytes in the circulation and synovial fluid in rheumatoid arthritis. AB - The circulating peripheral blood of 13/28 patients with definite or classical rheumatoid arthritis (RA) had increased numbers of spontaneous in vivo active immunoglobulin-producing B lymphocytes detected by a reverse hemolytic PFC assay (mean = 3000 (1310-7920) Ig PFC/10(6) B cells) compared to an age/sex-matched control population (mean = 550 (300-900) Ig PFC/10(6) B cells). Among the remaining 16 RA patients who had normal numbers (less than 900 Ig PFC/10(6)) of such circulating B cells, 5 patients had increased numbers of activated B cells in the synovial fluid and 6 patients had no increase. Extraarticular features (nodules and vasculitis) in 11/13 patients and advanced but relatively inactive synovitis characterized those RA patients with increased numbers of active circulating B cells. In contrast, extraarticular features were seldom observed (1/16) among the remaining patients with normal numbers of active circulating B cells. Among these patients, more active generalized synovitis characterized those patients with increased numbers of active synovial fluid B cells compared to those patients with normal numbers. These studies imply that in RA patients, whose disease is primarily articular, active Ig synthesis is limited to the synovial compartment, while in those with extraarticular features active Ig producing B cells also appear in the circulation. PMID- 6232029 TI - The distribution of the CR3 receptor on human cells and tissue as revealed by a monoclonal antibody. AB - The mouse monoclonal antibody MN-41 has been characterized as an anti-human iC3b receptor (CR3) antibody on the basis of its ability to inhibit the binding of EC3bi indicator cells to monocytes and polymorphonuclear cells while having no effect on their Fc and C3b receptors. Use of this monoclonal antibody in indirect immunofluorescence studies with dual fluorochrome labels established the widespread distribution of CR3 in man--detected on 97% of circulating monocytes, 90% of granulocytes, 17% of T lymphocytes, and 28% of B lymphocytes while erythrocytes and platelets were negative. Isolated peritoneal macrophages were 90% positive while pulmonary macrophages were 83% positive. Monocytes in culture for 8 days were universally positive. Within tissues, CR3 reactive cells displayed unique topographical localization within the spleen, tonsil, and lymph nodes whereas numerically fewer positive cells were scattered within hepatic sinusoids, papillary dermis, medullary regions of the thymus, and submucosa of the small intestine. CR3 was not detected on Raji cells, glomerular epithelial cells, or placental stromal cells. Immunoprecipitation and electrophoretic separation of two glycoprotein bands of 150,000 and 95,000 Da suggest possible structural homology of CR3 in man and mouse (Mac-1 antigen). PMID- 6232031 TI - [Relation between brain D2-dopamine receptors and 3H-spiperone binding sites of intact lymphocytes]. PMID- 6232030 TI - The Papillon-Lefevre syndrome: neutrophil dysfunction with severe periodontal disease. AB - Two cases of Papillon-LeF evre are described. Both siblings demonstrated neutrophil dysfunction and severe precocious periodontal disease. The neutrophil locomotion defect was characterized by a decreased migration toward a chemotactic factor and decreased random migration. Binding of the chemotactic factor, FMLP, to the neutrophil surface was unchanged. Both patients harbored Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans and showed elevated serum IgG levels. Both patients also demonstrated salivary and serum antibody to A. actinomycetemcomitans. The Papillon-LeF evre syndrome is compared with the more common localized juvenile periodontitis. PMID- 6232032 TI - Sternocostoclavicular hyperostosis. PMID- 6232033 TI - Demonstration of bone tracer uptake by liver metastases from colon carcinoma by planar and SPECT imaging. PMID- 6232034 TI - Percutaneous osseous needle aspiration biopsy with nuclear medicine guidance. PMID- 6232035 TI - Etodolac, aspirin, and gastrointestinal microbleeding. AB - The effects of etodolac, a new nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, on gastrointestinal (GI) microbleeding were quantitatively assessed in two studies in healthy adult men. The first was a two-group, open-label, parallel comparison of etodolac, 600 mg/day, aspirin, 2600 mg/day, and placebo in 20 subjects; the second was a four-group, double-blind, parallel comparison of etodolac, 600, 800, and 1200 mg/day, aspirin, 2600 mg/day, and placebo in 41 subjects. Subjects in both studies received a single-blind placebo on days 1 through 7, either etodolac or aspirin on days 8 through 14, and a single-blind placebo on days 15 through 19. GI blood loss (milliliters per day) was estimated by the radiolabeled (51Cr) erythrocyte method and was based on daily radioactivity counts of stool specimens and regression-estimated daily blood radioactivity. Etodolac, 600 mg/day, induced no significant GI blood loss at any time during the experiments, nor was there significant blood loss after 800 and 1200 mg/day in experiment 2. Blood loss was noted after aspirin in both. PMID- 6232036 TI - [Computer tomography in primary soft tissue tumors]. AB - Computed tomography was performed in 37 patients with primary soft tissue tumours (24 malignant and 13 benign lesions). Except for lipomas it was not possible to relate attenuation values to histologic type or grade of malignancy. Major advantages with CT include the ability to demonstrate infiltration of surrounding structures and to determine tumour size. There is a risk of overestimating the size of malignant tumours because of peritumoural edema. PMID- 6232037 TI - Portal scanning for liver metastases in colorectal carcinoma. AB - In a prospective study over 2 years, 14 patients suffering from colorectal cancer had radionuclide liver scans performed via the portal route. Technetium-99m labelled macro-aggregates of human serum albumen were injected via the cannulated umbilical vein, distributed through the portal system of the liver and their presence recorded by a gamma camera. Of 11 patients with clinically normal livers and no metastases found at laparotomy, five had abnormal portal scans, two of these dying from multiple liver metastases during follow-up. None of the patients with normal portal scans died with liver metastases within the 2-year study period. PMID- 6232038 TI - [Capillaroscopic pictures in diseases and syndromes of rheumatologic interest: diagnostic, prognostic, evaluative-therapeutic significance]. PMID- 6232039 TI - [Microvessel ultrastructure in several diseases of rheumatologic interest]. PMID- 6232040 TI - [Vessels and heart in rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 6232041 TI - [Histologic changes in diseases of rheumatologic significance]. PMID- 6232042 TI - [Viscosity and mechanical resistance of plasma in chronic rheumatic diseases]. PMID- 6232043 TI - [Microcirculation in rheumatic diseases: instrumental findings]. PMID- 6232044 TI - [Latent or evident microangiopathies in rheumatology: proposal of a pharmacologic test]. PMID- 6232045 TI - [Acute effects of sulodexide on the lipid profile and on antithrombin III in patients with chronic renal insufficiency in hemodialysis treatment]. PMID- 6232046 TI - [Effects of the oral administration of clonidine in splits doses in the control of high arterial pressure]. PMID- 6232047 TI - [Treatment of non-gonococcal urethritis with minocycline]. PMID- 6232048 TI - [Limpid cerebrospinal fluid meningitis: considerations and up-date on its etiopathogenesis, clinic aspects and chemotherapy. Hospital cases in the Province of Catanzaro from 1978 to 1982]. PMID- 6232049 TI - [Therapeutic uselessness of intracavitary electric stimulation in 3 cases of paroxysmal atrioventricular block in patients with apparently normal atrio ventricular conduction]. PMID- 6232050 TI - [Toxic effects of digitalis]. PMID- 6232051 TI - [Anatomo-pathologic substrates of inflammatory bronchopathies]. PMID- 6232052 TI - [Treatment of chronic venous insufficiency with phlebotropic drugs]. PMID- 6232053 TI - [Cardiotoxicity of 5-fluorouracil]. PMID- 6232054 TI - [Recent discoveries on the pharmacology of exorphins, a new class of opioid peptides isolated from foodstuff]. PMID- 6232055 TI - [Cases of sepsis in the Institute of Infectious Diseases of the University of Perugia (1971-1981). Clinical and therapeutic characteristics]. PMID- 6232056 TI - [In vitro evaluation of piperacillin on clinically isolated strains]. PMID- 6232057 TI - [Antiarrhythmic efficacy of mexiletine in supraventricular arrhythmias, Wolff Parkinson-White syndrome and persistent iterative ventricular hyperkinetic arrhythmias. Considerations on these less noted therapeutic effects]. PMID- 6232058 TI - [Neurasthenia-like syndrome: a modern therapeutic approach with a combined vitamin-mineral preparation]. PMID- 6232059 TI - [Behavior of blood cortisol and urine cortisol in fangotherapy]. PMID- 6232060 TI - [Various aspects and problems of depression in the aged]. PMID- 6232062 TI - [Paraneoplastic endocrine syndromes]. PMID- 6232061 TI - [Zieve's syndrome in chronic alcoholic hepatitis. Report of 6 cases]. PMID- 6232063 TI - [Clinico-experimental possibilities in asthma]. PMID- 6232064 TI - [Comparison of the in vitro activity of cephalothin and cefamandole on methillicin-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus and epidermidis]. PMID- 6232065 TI - [Evaluation of dimethicone on the meteorism symptom. Clinical and echotomographic observations]. PMID- 6232066 TI - [Relation between clinical response and plasma and synovial fluid levels of piroxicam]. PMID- 6232067 TI - [Verification of the therapeutic efficacy of the gangliosides in the treatment of peripheral polyneuritis in alcoholics]. PMID- 6232068 TI - [Solutions of selective and branched-chain amino acids in the treatment of hepatic encephalopathy in cancer patients]. PMID- 6232069 TI - [Allergic sinusitis in childhood]. PMID- 6232070 TI - [REST and CREST syndromes: etiopathogenetic, clinical and therapeutic aspects of partial forms of progressive systemic sclerosis]. PMID- 6232071 TI - [Diagnosis and evaluation of varicocele by Doppler ultrasonography]. PMID- 6232072 TI - [Medical therapy of peripheral arteriopathies]. PMID- 6232073 TI - [Therapy of ictero-hemorrhagic leptospirosis]. PMID- 6232074 TI - [Pharmacology of probucol. I]. PMID- 6232075 TI - [K-strophanthin and vitamin E in the prevention of myocardiopathy caused by adriamycin. Noninvasive evaluation at rest and after isometric exercise]. PMID- 6232076 TI - [Sideropenic anemia in patients under periodic hemodialysis treatment: efficacy and safety of oral iron treatment]. PMID- 6232077 TI - [Treatment of osteoarthrosis with a new nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent, carprofen]. PMID- 6232078 TI - [Adrenocortical function, carbohydrate metabolism and electrolyte excretion after a month of corticosteroid therapy of bronchial asthma]. PMID- 6232079 TI - [Efficacy of the association of atenolol with an amiloride-hydrochlorothiazide combination in the treatment of persistent arterial hypertension]. PMID- 6232080 TI - [Therapeutic implications of ocular involvement in systemic degenerative diseases]. PMID- 6232081 TI - [Acute renal insufficiency caused by rifampicin: description of a case]. PMID- 6232082 TI - [Therapeutic mud and its use in rheumatology]. PMID- 6232083 TI - [Heart valve lesions: clinical indications of treatment]. PMID- 6232084 TI - Norfloxacin (MK-0366, AM-715): in vitro activity and cross-resistance with other organic acids including quality control limits for disk diffusion testing. AB - Norfloxacin is a new organic acid antimicrobic with an expanded spectrum that includes Staphylococcus spp, most Pseudomonas spp, Acinetobacter calcoaceticus ssp anitratus, some streptococci, as well as nearly all enteric bacilli. The drug appears to be bactericidal. Its expanded spectrum suggests that it should be tested separately by disk diffusion or other susceptibility testing methods. Tentative norfloxacin disk test quality control limits were derived from the results of a multi-laboratory study: Escherichia coli, 28-36 mm; S. aureus, 17-28 mm, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 22-29 mm. PMID- 6232085 TI - Comparative in vitro activities of norfloxacin (MK-0366) and six commonly used antimicrobial agents against 199 urinary isolates showing various degrees of antibiotic resistance. AB - The in vitro activity of norfloxacin (MK-0366), a new oral antimicrobial agent, was compared to that of ampicillin, tetracycline, cefazolin, nitrofurantoin, nalidixic acid, and trimethoprim against 199 gram-negative urinary isolates. Among these isolates were ampicillin-resistant Escherichia coli and gentamicin resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Serratia marcescens. Norfloxacin was the most active antimicrobial agent tested against all isolates studied; it was the only agent active against P. aeruginosa and S. marcescens. PMID- 6232086 TI - Predominance of two newly described capsular polysaccharide types among clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus. AB - A capsular polysaccharide typing schema for Staphylococcus aureus, based upon the preparation of rabbit typing sera with eight prototype strains, has been reported ( Karakawa and Vann , 1982). These antisera were used to classify the capsular polysaccharides of 246 S. aureus isolates from patients in a survey of hospitals in several countries and 49 consecutive blood isolates obtained over a 17-month period in a clinical study at the Boston Veterans' Administration Medical Center. Two capsular types, 5 and 8, accounted for about 70% of these isolates; most of the remaining strains could not be typed with the available antisera. The clinical study of bacteremia identified capsular types 5 and 8 among both community-acquired and nosocomial isolates and showed that strains bearing these two types caused the patterns of disease reported for staphylococcal bacteremia. There was an association between the phage type and the capsular type of these bacteremic strains. The capsular types of the "classic" encapsulated strains of S. aureus, M (type 1) and Smith (type 2), were not observed among blood isolates in this study. The observation that most clinical isolates of S. aureus belong to two recently defined capsular types provides a new focus for investigations into the virulence of this common nosocomial pathogen and suggests the potential for protective acquired immunity against staphylococcal bacteremia. PMID- 6232087 TI - Contact dermatitis from spironolactone. PMID- 6232088 TI - Patch test reactions to aluminium. PMID- 6232089 TI - Allergic contact dermatitis from tetryl and trinitrotoluene. PMID- 6232090 TI - Depigmentation from squaric acid dibutylester. PMID- 6232091 TI - Red hair after application of chinoform. PMID- 6232092 TI - Contact allergy to tertiary-butyl-catechol. PMID- 6232093 TI - Sources of nickel allergy in Budapest. PMID- 6232094 TI - Patch testing with soldering fluxes. PMID- 6232095 TI - Allergy to piperazine in a patient sensitive to ethylenediamine. PMID- 6232096 TI - Mercury allergy in Budapest. PMID- 6232097 TI - Occupational dermatoses at a film laboratory. AB - During the period January 1980-June 1981, an investigation was made of skin diseases among employees of a film laboratory. The investigation was carried out in 5 stages. (I) Questionnaire (II) Clinical examination and interview with all employees who stated that they had had skin disease at some time (III) Patch testing at the laboratory of all cases of suspected occupational dermatoses, and control tests in hospital of 200 non-exposed eczema patients (IV) Investigation of protective gloves by patch testing and in a chemical bath (V) Allergy test on guinea pigs (GPMT) of one agent (PBA-1). The firm had 114 employees and the questionnaire was answered by 103. Altogether 43 persons at some time had been exposed to chemicals in their work, and 21 of them had had occupational dermatoses. In 12 cases, contact allergy was found to one or more of the photographic chemicals CD-2, CD-3, Metol and PBA-1. GPMT with PBA-1 showed it to be a potent sensitizer. The colour developing agents may also give rise to lichenoid reactions and 2 such cases were seen in this investigation. Other causes of occupational dermatoses are indicated, as well as the occurrence of non occupational skin diseases. PMID- 6232098 TI - The baboon syndrome: systemically-induced allergic contact dermatitis. AB - The catchword "baboon syndrome" is used to denote a characteristic distribution pattern of systemic allergic contact dermatitis. Diffuse erythema of the buttocks, upper inner surface of the thighs, and axillae are characteristic features. We describe 3 cases provoked by ampicillin, nickel and mercury. The condition may be overlooked and suspected of being a textile dermatitis or seborrhoeic dermatitis of the elderly. PMID- 6232099 TI - Skin irritation by dithranol (anthralin) and its 10-acyl analogues in 3 animal models. AB - The skin irritant properties of a single application of dithranol (anthralin), a typical "delayed irritant", and its 10-acyl analogues in acetone or white petrolatum were compared in 3 animals models. Maximal irritation was reached at about 24 h in mouse ear, 48 h in guinea pig back and 1 week in miniature swine back, the last-mentioned serving as a good model of human skin. In all animal species, butantrone was significantly less irritant than dithranol, 10-acetyl dithranol or 10-propionyl dithranol. 10-acetyl dithranol was the most irritant compound. Clinical trials with butantrone on psoriasis are justified. PMID- 6232100 TI - Hand dermatoses and contact allergic reactions in construction workers exposed to epoxy resins. AB - In 23/135 (18%) workers exposed to epoxy resins, a work-related dermatosis on the hands and/or forearms had been present during the past 3 years. In 9 persons, the occupational dermatosis was still present at the time of investigation. In all workers, patch tests were performed with epoxy resin, isophoronediamine, triethylenetetramine and xylenediamine. Positive patch tests were observed in 27 of the 135 exposed workers (20%) 13 of whom had never previously experienced skin problems. Epoxy resin accounted for the majority of the positive reactions. There was no relation between a history of atopy and the development of contact allergy. Only half of all workers had received any safety instructions. The wearing of gloves (mostly cotton), intended to protect the skin, had an adverse effect. PMID- 6232101 TI - Standard patch tests in agricultural workers. AB - The results obtained with a standard patch test series in a group of agricultural workers is compared with a control group. Statistically significant differences in the frequency of several allergens were found. The possible causes of these differences are discussed. PMID- 6232102 TI - Contact dermatitis from dibutylthiourea. Report of a case with fine structural observations of epicutaneous testing with dibutylthiourea. AB - A 35-year-old machinist developed hand eczema from contact allergy to dibutylthiourea, a compound found in a paint and glue remover. Light and electron microscopy of his positive patch test was consistent with allergic contact dermatitis, showing Langerhans cell-mononuclear cell contacts in the epidermis. PMID- 6232103 TI - Persistent light reactions. A review with opinions. AB - A review of persistent light reactions in South Australia is related to the European, American and Australian experience of photosensitivity and compositae dermatitis. It is argued that contact and drug photosensitising chemicals are retained in the dermis and slowly metabolised, and that actinic reticuloid will clear if all potential photosensitisers are avoided. PMID- 6232104 TI - Contact urticaria and dermatitis to Alphaderm. PMID- 6232105 TI - Simultaneous sensitization to gum arabic and cobalt. PMID- 6232106 TI - Contact sensitivity to Difolatan (Captafol). PMID- 6232107 TI - Contact dermatitis to phenylephrine. PMID- 6232108 TI - Occupational contact dermatitis to glutaraldehyde. PMID- 6232109 TI - Primidone drug allergy acquired in an unusual way. PMID- 6232110 TI - Occupational contact dermatitis to mesylisopropyllactate. PMID- 6232111 TI - Effects of cyproterone acetate with combination of testosterone enanthate on seminal characteristics, androgenicity and clinical chemistry in langur monkey. AB - Daily oral administration of 1 mg/kg b.w. of cyproterone acetate and simultaneously administered testosterone enanthate (2 mg/kg b.w./15 days; i.m.) to adult male langur monkeys over a period of 90 days caused a gradual decrease in the count (to azoospermia) and motility of spermatozoa, concurrently with an increase in the percentage of non-motile as well as abnormal and immature sperm. Semen weight, volume, seminal fluid volume and circulating testosterone levels decreased nonsignificantly. Semen pH, libido and body weight remained unimpaired. The levels of SGOT, SGPT, serum alkaline phosphatase, LDH, bilirubin, Na+, K+ and hematological values did not alter significantly. All the changes were reversible. The results indicate that the combination regimen seems to affect the fertility in two ways, i.e. by inhibiting spermatogenesis in the testis and maturation process in the epididymis without altering the androgenicity. PMID- 6232112 TI - The complement components of the major histocompatibility locus. AB - Polymorphism of complement components, recognized by differences in either their antigenic specificity or their electrophoretic mobility, together with studies of inherited deficiencies, has enabled many of their structural genes to be mapped. In humans, three genes (for C2, C4, and factor B) have been placed between HLA-D and HLA-B on chromosome 6 and in mice, C4 between H2-I and H2-D, chromosome 17. Structural studies show that these components have exceptional features. C2 and factor B which contain the proteolytic active site of the C3 and C5 convertases are of the classical and alternative pathway respectively and are similar in structure and function. Both are novel types of serine proteases. C4 (as C3) contains an intrachain thioester bond essential for hemolytic activity. Molecular genetic investigations are determining the relative positions of these genes, and their precise structure, and should clarify their relation to the inherited diseases which are associated with defects in this section of the human genome. PMID- 6232113 TI - Inhibitors of the biosynthesis and processing of N-linked oligosaccharides. AB - A number of glycoproteins have oligosaccharides linked to protein in a GlcNAc--- asparagine bond. These oligosaccharides may be either of the complex, the high mannose or the hybrid structure. Each type of oligosaccharides is initially biosynthesized via lipid-linked oligosaccharides to form a Glc3Man9GlcNAc2 pyrophosphoryl-dolichol and transfer of this oligosaccharide to protein. The oligosaccharide portion is then processed, first of all by removal of all three glucose residues to give a Man9GlcNAc2-protein. This structure may be the immediate precursor to the high-mannose structure or it may be further processed by the removal of a number of mannose residues. Initially four alpha 1,2-linked mannoses are removed to give a Man5 - GlcNAc2 -protein which is then lengthened by the addition of a GlcNAc residue. This new structure, the GlcNAc- Man5 - GlcNAc2 -protein, is the substrate for mannosidase II which removes the alpha 1,3 and alpha 1,6-linked mannoses . Then the other sugars, GlcNAc, galactose, and sialic acid, are added sequentially to give the complex types of glycoproteins. A number of inhibitors have been identified that interfere with glycoprotein biosynthesis, processing, or transport. Some of these inhibitors have been valuable tools to study the reaction pathways while others have been extremely useful for examining the role of carbohydrate in glycoprotein function. For example, tunicamycin and its analogs prevent protein glycosylation by inhibiting the first step in the lipid-linked pathway, i.e., the formation of Glc NAc pyrophosphoryl-dolichol. These antibiotics have been widely used in a number of functional studies. Another antibiotic that inhibits the lipid-linked saccharide pathway is amphomycin, which blocks the formation of dolichyl-phosphoryl-mannose. In vitro, this antibiotic gives rise to a Man5GlcNAc2 -pyrophosphoryl-dolichol from GDP-[14C]mannose, indicating that the first five mannose residues come directly from GDP-mannose rather than from dolichyl-phosphoryl-mannose. Other antibodies that have been shown to act at the lipid-level are diumycin , tsushimycin , tridecaptin, and flavomycin. In addition to these types of compounds, a number of sugar analogs such as 2-deoxyglucose, fluoroglucose , glucosamine, etc. have been utilized in some interesting experiments. Several compounds have been shown to inhibit glycoprotein processing. One of these, the alkaloid swainsonine , inhibits mannosidase II that removes alpha-1,3 and alpha 1,6 mannose residues from the GlcNAc- Man5GlcNAc2 -peptide. Thus, in cultured cells or in enveloped viruses, swainsonine causes the formation of a hybrid structure.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6232114 TI - Human T-cell growth factor (TCGF). PMID- 6232115 TI - Suppressor T cells and the immune response to tumors. AB - In this paper we have attempted to define the role of suppressor T cells in many well-defined murine tumor systems. We have knowingly omitted a blocking antibodies, suppressor B cells as mediators of tumor immunosuppression in various murine tumor systems; these have been well reviewed elsewhere. Also, we have focused on the importance of two different types of antigen-presenting cells in the induction and suppression of cell-mediated immunity and on some of the different modalities employed to inhibit Ts function. Finally, we have discussed the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and the possible role of a defective helper pathway and enhanced suppressor pathway in its pathogenesis. We and others believe that the suppressor pathway is preferentially activated by tumor antigen(s) in the cases of many immunogenic murine tumors--possibly due to the release of tumor antigen(s) from tumor cells, their subsequent trafficking to specific areas of the spleen and other organs, and, ultimately, their presentation by certain APC to Ts. Ts may then act directly upon helper Lyt 1+2- T cells as these cells interact with tumor antigen(s) on I-A+ APC. Alternatively, if the effector pathway were somehow impaired--e.g., by ultraviolet radiation or a virus--then the suppressor pathway may be activated in an unregulated manner, often to the detriment of the host. Biochemical characterization of the tumor antigens that stimulate Ts generation and, presumably, tumor growth and definitive documentation of a role of APC in the processing and presentation of these tumor antigens to Ts need to be done. Then selective stimulation of the effector immune response, along with inhibition of the suppressor response, to tumor antigens with drugs, monoclonal antibodies, and soluble mediators or their analogues may be possible in the near future. PMID- 6232116 TI - The mom gene of bacteriophage Mu. PMID- 6232117 TI - [Operative strategy of emergency surgery in the aged: standard technics and alternatives]. PMID- 6232118 TI - [Dacron mesh and surgical treatment of inguinal hernia]. PMID- 6232119 TI - Development and use of metaphase chromosome flow-sorting methodology to obtain recombinant phage libraries enriched for parts of the human X chromosome. AB - Metaphase chromosomes isolated from human lymphoblastoid cell lines containing structurally abnormal X chromosomes have been stained with the bisbenzimidazole dye Hoechst 33258 and analyzed on a FACS II flow system equipped with a 5-W all lines argon ion laser. The chromosomal fluorescence has been highly resolved at flow rates of 1,000-3,000 chromosomes per second. With the goal of obtaining recombinant DNA libraries from parts of the human X chromosome, fluorescence populations enriched for a dicentric X (Xpter- greater than Xq24::Xq24-greater than Xpter) chromosome and an isochromosome of the long arm of the X [i(Xq)] have been identified. The dicentric X chromosome has been resolved as a discrete peak in the fluorescence flow histogram. In contrast, the fluorescence intensity of the isochromosome is indistinguishable from that of chromosomes 3 and 4. Recombinant DNA libraries from the flow-sorted chromosomes have been constructed in the lambda phage, Charon 21A, and consist of 1.6 X 10(5) and 0.7 X 10(5) plaque-forming units in the case of the dicentric X and the isochromosome, respectively. Ninety percent of the phage in both recombinant libraries contain inserts which hybridize to highly repetitive human DNA sequences. The recombinant phage library from the flow-sorted dicentric X chromosome, which could be assigned to a discrete fluorescence peak, has been further characterized and shows at least a tenfold enrichment for X chromosome-specific DNA sequences as determined by Southern blot hybridization of cloned fragments. PMID- 6232120 TI - Athletic heart syndrome: differentiating normal physiologic changes from pathologic changes. PMID- 6232121 TI - Isotretinoin: a reappraisal. AB - Isotretinoin is remarkably effective in the treatment of severe cystic acne, however, many complications have been observed during treatment and new toxic effects have been reported. Hypertriglyceridemia associated with decreases in high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol has occurred in 25 percent of patients and requires monitoring during treatment. Painful erosions with granulation tissue recently have been reported in patients with severe acne. Other complications have included corneal opacities, pseudotumor cerebri, hypercalcemia, photosensitivity reactions, abnormal liver function tests, and skeletal hyperostosis. Isotretinoin is teratogenic and should be avoided during pregnancy. With the increasing acceptance and use of isotretinoin for cystic acne, as well as related disorders (inflammatory papulopustular acne with scarring, gram-negative folliculitis, and acne rosacea), a reevaluation of isotretinoin aimed at reducing complications is in order. Patient selection criteria and guidelines directed at reducing these complications are presented. PMID- 6232122 TI - [Coronary vessel dilatation using guided balloon catheters. Experiences with the first 100 dilatations in stable and unstable angina pectoris]. AB - Between April and December 1983 100 transluminal coronary dilatations in 98 patients were performed using new steerable balloon catheter systems. The primary success rate (diameter enlargement greater than 20%) overall was 87%, in stenoses of the anterior interventricular branch 88.1% (59 out of 67 interventions), in stenoses of the right coronary artery 88.9% (16 out of 18), and in circumflex branch stenoses 84.6% (11 out of 13). Within the first 50 interventions the success rate was 80%. Among the second 50 cases it was improved to 94%, mainly due to the increasing experience of the investigators. Emergency bypass operations had to be performed in two patients in whom coronary vascular occlusion had occurred. No patient died and in only one a small infarction occurred, probably due to occlusion of a side branch with an increase of creatine kinase to a maximum of 120 U/l. These figures show that steerable balloon systems clearly improve the primary success rate despite broadening of indications and diminish serious complications. PMID- 6232123 TI - [Indications for transluminal coronary dilatation]. PMID- 6232124 TI - [Results of transluminal coronary dilatation]. PMID- 6232125 TI - Content and binding of aldosterone in human ocular lens. AB - The concentration of aldosterone was determined by radioimmunoassay in homogenates from a total of 227 human cataractous lenses divided into six groups according to age and accompanying diseases (i.e. glaucoma, essential hypertension, diabetes and combination of the two latter diseases). Aldosterone concentration in cataracts ranged from 0.020 to 0.036 fmol mg-1 protein. Significantly higher values were found in lenses of patients with hypertension (0.047 +/- 0.022 fmol mg-1 protein). Using two independent methods an evidence was brought that specific and saturable aldosterone binding occurs in cytosol of human lens epithelium obtained from autopsy specimens, which is not identical with glucocorticoid binding. Electrophoretic properties of this aldosterone binding entity correspond to a protein with a relative molecular mass of 90 000 daltons. PMID- 6232126 TI - 17 beta-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity in human breast epithelial cell and fibroblast cultures. AB - Primary cultures of human breast cells prepared from surgical specimens of reduction mammoplasty were used to study the activity of the enzyme 17 beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (E2DH) which converts estradiol (E2) into its less active metabolite estrone. This study was performed in both epithelial and stromal cells separated, after collagenase digestion of the tissue, on a Percoll gradient, and then cultured as monolayers in Ham's F 10 medium supplemented differently for epithelial cells and fibroblasts. E2DH activity was strikingly higher in epithelial cells than in fibroblasts, since after [3H]E2 incubation (2 nM), 600 fmol/micrograms DNA were metabolized to estrone in epithelial cells after 1 h, whereas an equivalent amount was hardly obtained in fibroblast cultures after 24 h. The affinity and capacity of E2DH were greater in epithelial cells with apparent Michaelis-Menten constant (Km) = 0.6 +/- 0.1 microM and maximum velocity (Vmax) = 250 to 360 pmol/micrograms DNA/h, whereas they were 10 +/- 1 microM and 50 to 70 pmol/micrograms DNA/h, respectively, in fibroblast cultures. Moreover, the E2DH activity was 2 to 5 times higher in epithelial cells cultured in the presence of the progestin medroxyprogesterone acetate, whereas it remained unchanged in fibroblasts cultured under the same conditions. This increase in E2DH activity was dose dependent from 10(-10) to 10(-7) M medroxyprogesterone acetate and inhibited by both actinomycin D and cycloheximide. This system of differential breast cell culture appears to be a fruitful tool for the study of the hormone dependence of normal breast growth and differentiation. Due to the presence of E2DH, epithelial cells are more apt to undergo and to moderate E2 action. Moreover, epithelial cells are a possible site of progesterone modulation of E2DH activity. Therefore, E2DH could be a good marker both for epithelial cells and their hormone dependence. PMID- 6232127 TI - Fructose feeding increases Ca++-activated myosin ATPase activity and changes myosin isoenzyme distribution in the diabetic rat heart. AB - Previous studies have shown that in rats, diabetes mellitus induces a 45% decrease in cardiac Ca++-activated myosin ATPase activity which is accompanied by a decrease in myosin isoenzyme V1 and an increase in myosin isoenzyme V3 levels. Insulin administration reverts Ca++-activated myosin ATPase activity and myosin isoenzyme distribution to normal levels. It is currently unclear whether the effects of insulin on Ca++-myosin ATPase activity and myosin isoenzyme distribution are direct effects of the hormone or are mediated through insulin induced alterations in cardiac metabolism. To determine if insulin may exert part of its effects by the latter route, diabetic rats were fed a normal, glucose, or fructose diet. Unlike glucose, fructose can enter the initial steps of the glycolytic pathway in the absence of insulin. Placing diabetic rats on different forms of 60% fructose diets for 4 weeks led to a 20-35% increase in Ca++ activated myosin ATPase activity, which was highly significant (normal Ca++ activated myosin ATPase activity, 0.917 mumol Pi/mg protein X min; diabetic, 0.553 mumol Pi/mg protein X min; diabetic + fructose, 0.661 mumol Pi/mg protein X min). The increase in Ca++-activated myosin ATPase activity was accompanied by increased myosin isoenzyme V1 and decreased myosin isoenzyme V3 levels. Feeding animals a 60% glucose diet did not lead to changes in Ca++-activated myosin ATPase activity or myosin isoenzyme distribution. The fructose-induced increase in Ca++-activated myosin ATPase activity and alteration in myosin isoenzyme distribution occurred in the absence of changes in insulin and thyroid hormone levels or improvement in the general metabolic status of fructose-fed diabetic rats. PMID- 6232128 TI - Laparoscopic splenic biopsy. AB - The authors report their experiences with 1243 laparoscopic splenic biopsies performed between 1968 and 1982 at the Laparoscopy Center of the Regional Hospital in Padua. We may conclude that: The risk of laparoscopic splenic biopsy in minimal and fears regarding its performance are unjustified. The diagnostic value of splenic biopsy is evident if a comparison is made, in the different groups, between the percentage and the accuracy of the diagnoses made with the single macroscopic and the histological examinations, respectively. As well as the staging and follow-up of malignant lymphomas, examination of the spleen in clinically suspected splenopathy is a new and interesting indication for laparoscopy, for it is now possible to take one or more biopsies. PMID- 6232129 TI - Histological reconstruction of a Von Meyenburg's complex on the liver surface. AB - We report here a case with four black nodules on a smooth liver surface. The cystically dilated part of the intralobular bile duct of the microhamartoma contained bile pigments. Neither liver cysts nor cystic kidney were found. Spicular processes from the dilated bile duct were attached directly to the liver cell cords, seemingly to receive the secreted bile juice from the bile canaliculi. A convoluted tubular bile duct communicated with an interlobular terminal bile duct in the neighbouring portal triad. Thus, the so-called microhamartoma had not developed separately in the liver acini but had arisen in connection with both the liver cell cords and the terminal bile duct as part of the still functioning bile duct. PMID- 6232130 TI - Radioisotope bone scanning in horses. AB - The detection of radionuclide activity in the living equine skeleton, using bone seeking radiopharmaceuticals and a hand-held radiation detector, is reported. Pathological changes in bone can be detected and subsequent development monitored. The availability and use of this diagnostic technique in equine practice is discussed. PMID- 6232131 TI - Z* DNA, the left-handed helical form of poly[d(G-C)] in MgCl2-ethanol, is biologically active. AB - The interconversion between the right (R) and left (L) helical forms of poly[d(G C)] occurs at low concentrations of MgCl2 and EtOH, acting together in a highly synergistic manner. Thus, the cooperative R---L transition is induced by only 0.4 mM and 4 MM MgCl2 in combination with 20% and 10% EtOH, respectively. The L form of poly[d(G-C)] formed under these conditions has the spectroscopic properties (absorption, circular dichroism) previously demonstrated under high salt conditions (Pohl and Jovin, 1972) and thought to correspond to the left-handed Z DNA structures recently established by X-ray crystallography (Wang et al., 1979; Drew et al., 1980). However, L DNA formed in Mg2+-EtOH (which we designate as Z* DNA) has unique properties: a) it can be sedimented readily out of solution at low speed, indicative of condensation and intermolecular aggregation; b) it supports the binding of several intercalating (ethidium bromide, actinomycin D) and non-intercalating (mithramycin) drugs, although these interact preferentially with the R (i.e., B) form of DNA; and c) it functions as a template for Escherichia coli RNA polymerase. B and Z* DNAs can be generated under identical ionic conditions and compared in a number of biochemical systems. Our results suggest that left-handed DNA may form under physiological conditions and serve a biological function. PMID- 6232132 TI - Estimation of the amount of 5-methylcytosine in Drosophila melanogaster DNA by amplified ELISA and photoacoustic spectroscopy. AB - We have previously reported a sensitive immunochemical method for detecting 5 methylcytosine in DNA which involves spotting DNA samples on nitrocellulose paper and detection of 5-methylcytosine, if any, by a combination of the double antibody method and a staining reaction brought about by biotin-avidin and peroxidase. We report here a linear relationship between the concentration of 5 methylcytosine in DNA and staining intensity, as recorded by photoacoustic spectroscopy. It appears possible to obtain, by this method, reliable quantitative estimates of 5-methylcytosine in nanogram quantities of intact DNA. When Drosophila melanogaster DNA was assayed for the presence of 5-methylcytosine by this method, a faint but clearly positive reaction was obtained. When the photoacoustic intensity of this stained spot is compared with a calibration plot derived from phi X174 DNA whose 5-methylcytosine content is known, we obtain, for D. melanogaster DNA, one 5-methylcytosine residue in approximately 12 500 bases or 0.008 mol% methylation. PMID- 6232133 TI - Isolation of the human insulin-like growth factor I gene using a single synthetic DNA probe. AB - A single synthetic oligonucleotide was employed as hybridization probe to detect and enable isolation of the human insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) gene from a human genomic DNA library. The synthetic oligonucleotide probe coded for the B chain of IGF-I and was designed for expression in Escherichia coli. Despite numerous interspersed mismatches, the synthetic probe hybridized specifically with seven recombinant lambda phage containing almost the entire B-chain region of the human IGF-I gene. The usefulness of this approach was further demonstrated by the detection of lambda phage containing human preproinsulin, using A and B chain synthetic oligonucleotides, 90 and 63 nucleotides in length, as hybridization probes. The nucleotide sequence of the human IGF-I exon suggests that IGF-I is synthesized as a larger precursor molecule. PMID- 6232134 TI - Resolution of cellular compartments involved in membrane potential changes accompanying IgE-mediated degranulation of rat basophilic leukemia cells. AB - The overall membrane potential of rat basophilic leukemia cells (RBL-2H3) calculated from the transmembrane distribution of the lipophilic, tritium labelled cation tetraphenyl-phosphonium [( 3H]TPP+) was resolved into its mitochondrial and plasma membrane potential components. Using the mitochondrial uncoupler carbonylcyanide-p-trifluormethoxyphenyl hydrazone (FCCP) which collapses the mitochondrial potential, it was shown that about one third of the overall potential resulted from the mitochondrial contribution. Degranulation of the RBL cells induced by two different IgE-cross-linking agents (specific antigen and anti-IgE antibodies), was accompanied by, and well correlated with, a decrease in the overall potential. However, evaluation of the source of these observed potential changes revealed that the FCCP-insensitive fraction of the overall potential, delta psi P, (representing the plasma membrane potential), was not affected. In contrast, the FCCP-sensitive component due to the mitochondrial potential decreased when receptor cross-linking increased. Thus, the observed decrease in the overall potential is most probably a secondary event in the sequence leading from stimulus to secretion. Indeed, exposure of the RBL cells either to a high external concentration of K+ ions or to a high amount of external TPP+, both causing depolarization, failed to trigger degranulation. It is suggested that the apparent decrease in the measured overall potential is a reflection of the mitochondrial membrane depolarization. The latter is most probably caused by mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake initiated by the increase in the intracellular concentration of Ca2+ which follows cells activation. PMID- 6232135 TI - Inhibition of N-linked oligosaccharide trimming does not interfere with surface expression of certain integral membrane proteins. AB - The effects of 1-deoxynojirimycin (dNM) and 1-deoxymannojirimycin (dMM), inhibitors of oligosaccharide trimming glucosidase I and mannosidase I, respectively, on the biosynthesis of vesicular stomatitis virus G protein, influenza virus hemagglutinin, and human class I histocompatibility antigens were investigated. Although the oligosaccharides of these membrane glycoproteins were greatly altered, neither dNM nor dMM interferred with their surface expression, as determined by a variety of assays, including accessibility to proteases and antibodies; neither did these drugs inhibit production of infectious virus particles. PMID- 6232136 TI - A purified precursor polypeptide requires a cytosolic protein fraction for import into mitochondria. AB - The beta-subunit of mitochondrial ATPase is coded by a nuclear gene, synthesized outside the mitochondria as a larger precursor and imported into mitochondria. The beta-subunit precursor was purified from yeast, both as a homogeneous, unlabeled polypeptide and in radiochemically pure form. Both precursor preparations were cleaved to the mature beta-subunit by partially purified processing protease from the mitochondrial matrix. However, import of the radiochemically pure precursor into isolated yeast mitochondria required a cytosolic fraction from yeast or reticulocytes. The cytosolic factor was non dialyzable and trypsin-sensitive; its apparent mol. wt. was approximately 40 000 as judged by gel filtration. Import of some proteins into mitochondria thus requires proteins of the 'soluble' cytoplasm. PMID- 6232137 TI - A new method for breath-to-breath determination of oxygen flux across the alveolar membrane. AB - A new method for breath-to-breath determination of the oxygen flux across the alveolar membrane is described. The principle of the method is to integrate the product of oxygen concentration and flow in the respiratory gas over an interval, which covers a complete respiratory cycle. The result is corrected for the change in oxygen content of the lungs through a formula, which, in contrast to those used in other methods, is independent of the residual capacity of the lungs. The method was evaluated with respect to repeatability by repetitive measurement of oxygen flux in twenty volunteer subjects, and with respect to accuracy by comparing the measured oxygen fluxes with those obtained by the gas collection method. The coefficient of variation was found to be 8% and the breath to breath determinations were, on an average, 6% lower than those of the gas collection method. PMID- 6232138 TI - Characterization and partial purification of two enzymes transferring N acetylglucosamine to dolichyl monophosphate and ribonuclease A. AB - Two N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) transferases which catalyze the incorporation of GlcNAc into GlcNAc-P-P-dolichol (dolichol enzyme) and into bovine pancreatic ribonuclease A (RNAseA enzyme) were solubilized from the rat liver microsomes in a non-ionic detergent, Triton X-100. Both enzyme activities were adsorbed on activated CH-Sepharose 4B, and could be eluted with a linear KCl gradient. Two enzyme activities were separated by this column with the dolichol enzyme eluting before the RNAseA enzyme. A 49-fold and 136-fold purification was achieved for the dolichol and the RNAseA enzyme, respectively. The addition of exogeneous dolichyl phosphate resulted in a 3-5-fold stimulation of the purified dolichol enzyme, but did not affect the purified RNAseA enzyme. The addition of RNAseA stimulated only the RNAseA enzyme. Whereas, tunicamycin could inhibit only the dolichol enzyme. The purified dolichol enzyme had a Km of 14 X 10(-6) M for UDP GlcNAc and the reaction was saturated with about 0.25 M dolichyl phosphate. The purified RNAseA enzyme had a Km of 4.55 X 10(-6) M for UDP-GlcNAc and was saturated with about 0.36 mM RNAseA. The pH optima and the metal ion requirement for the two enzymes were different. These results suggest that because of the different properties of these two enzymes they may have distinct functions regarding the core glycosylation of N-linked glycoproteins. It is well established that the dolichol enzyme catalyzes the formation of the first dolichol-linked intermediate GlcNAc-P-P-dolichol, whereas according to the present finding, the RNAseA enzyme may catalyze the transfer of GlcNAc directly from UDP-GlcNAc into acceptor protein. PMID- 6232139 TI - Evaluation of kidney grafts with 99mTc-methylene diphosphonate within 36 hours after transplantation: a marker of ischemic damage. AB - In order to evaluate renal ischemic damage in transplanted kidneys, renal scintigraphy with 99mTc-methylene diphosphonate was performed in 30 kidney grafts within 36 h after transplantation. The renal uptake was monitored for 100s at 10 min intervals during 90 min following injection. Seventeen patients had an average uptake of radioactivity in the kidney on the 60-, 70-, 80-, and 90-min scintigrams expressed as a percentage of the activity present on the 10-min scintigram of 150% or less (low) and 13 patients had an average uptake of radioactivity of above 150% (high). There was no relationship between the average uptake of radioactivity and warm and cold ischemia times (or the combined value: corrected ischemia), maximal function, reversible rejection, and ureteral obstruction. A significant correlation was found between the average uptake of radioactivity in the kidney and onset of function. Seventy-six per cent of the grafts with a low average uptake of radioactivity had an onset of function on or before day 10 after operation (early) whereas only 15% of the kidneys with a high average uptake of radioactivity had an early onset of function. Twelve per cent of the patients with a low average uptake of radioactivity in the kidneys had their grafts removed for various reasons within 2 months after transplantation, whereas 54% with a high average uptake of radioactivity had their grafts removed. It is concluded that 99mTc-methylene diphosphonate scintigraphy may be useful in the prognostic assessment of graft onset of function and of graft survival. PMID- 6232140 TI - A simple radioaerosol generator and delivery system for pulmonary ventilation studies. AB - Details of a simple radioaerosol generator and delivery system are presented. Aerosol streams of 99mTc-DTPA solution of different distributions were produced. The most useful distribution had an activity median aerodynamic diameter (AMAD) of 0.9 micron with a geometric standard deviation of 1.5. This distribution also had more than 96% of aerosol particles with aerodynamic diameter less than 2 micron. The system has been used for patient lung ventilation studies. The aerosol breathing-in period to achieve a satisfactory count rate was 1.8 +/- 0.38 min. The radioaerosol images were excellent and comparable to those obtained with 81mKr gas. PMID- 6232141 TI - Reporting of ventilation perfusion images for pulmonary embolism: accuracy and precision. AB - Thirty-four hospital patients with suspected pulmonary embolism (PE) had ventilation perfusion (VP) imaging after pulmonary angiography to assess the performance of highly specific criteria for diagnosis of PE and to evaluate the precision of image reporting. A diagnostic result was obtained from VP imaging in 21 of 34 patients giving a sensitivity for PE of 80% and a specificity of 100% in this subgroup. Six of 11 patients with PE had an indeterminate study which reduced the overall sensitivity of the technique for PE in the whole group. A critical analysis of image reporting by two readers gave an 85% inter-observer agreement on ranking as diagnostic or indeterminate for PE (k 0.69) and 91%-94% agreement for consensus reproducibility (k 0.82). We conclude that the degree of accuracy and precision of reporting that can be obtained using specific criteria will provide a reliable diagnosis in a significant number of patients suspected of having PE. Consensus reporting by two readers is shown to be more reliable than individual reporting. PMID- 6232142 TI - Influence of age on quantitative sacro-iliac joint imaging. AB - Computer processing of sacro-iliac (S-I) joint scintigrams represents a significant contribution to the diagnostic workup of this area. The S-I index is calculated as the ratio between the total number of counts in the region of interest placed on the S-I joint and an identical region placed on the sacrum. S I indexes were determined in a group of 70 patients aged 13-77 years to establish the influence of age on normal index values. Our results indicate that S-I index values are age dependent. The study was performed 2 h post-injection but the possibility exists that this is not the optimal time interval. PMID- 6232143 TI - Studies on 18F-labeled pyrimidines. II. Metabolic investigation of 18F-5 fluorouracil, 18F-5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine and 18F-5-fluorouridine in rats. AB - 18F-labeled 5-fluorouracil(FUra), 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine(FdUrd), and 5 fluorouridine ( FUrd ) were synthesized with high radiochemical purities. The 18F labeled pyrimidines were injected into rats. The metabolites in serum, bile, and urine were analyzed up to 2 h after administration by radio-high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The blood clearance of three pyrimidines was very rapid. In the serum the nucleosides and base disappeared very rapidly with a biological half-life of about 2 min and most of them had disappeared by 60 min. The metabolites in the urine were similar to those in the serum. In the bile pyrimidine nucleosides and base were not detected. 18F- was found in the metabolites. Our results explain the high uptakes in the kidney and liver in biodistribution studies of the 18F-labeled pyrimidines. PMID- 6232144 TI - Biochemical and ultrastructural study of the sperm chromatin from Mytilus galloprovincialis. AB - Protein composition and ultrastructure of the mature spermatozoa of the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis were studied upon gradual decondensation of the nuclei with increasing NaCl concentration. Three types of protein were found, associated with the sperm DNA: (1) the sperm-specific proteins S1, S2 and S3 (80% of the acid-soluble proteins); (2) the four core histones (20%); (3) three non-histone proteins tightly bound to DNA (about 4 micrograms protein per 100 micrograms DNA). The sperm-specific protein S3 was the first to dissociate at about 0.5 M NaCl and electron micrographs of spread nuclei indicated its participation in the final compaction of the nucleus. Hypotonically treated sperm nuclei revealed the presence of 21-25 nm large granules irregularly scattered along some of the DNA fibers. These granules correspond to the 'superbeads' of histone-containing chromatins. The tightly bound non-histone proteins were represented by a triplet in the range 60-80 kD. They formed 30-60 nm large annular bodies holding DNA fibers and resisting high salt-detergent treatment. PMID- 6232145 TI - Muscle spindle contributions to the stretch-evoked electromyogram: nerve block studies. AB - Application of external torque to cause joint rotation evokes electromyogram (EMG) activity in the stretched muscles. These responses were studied in the tibialis anterior (TA) and flexor carpi ulnaris (FCU) muscles of normal human subjects in conjunction with a nerve block procedure by a local anesthetic agent. In both muscles, differences were observed between the myotatic and postmyotatic portions of the evoked EMG response. During recovery from a complete nerve block, the late components of the EMG (postmyotatic and stabilizing responses) recovered to the preblock magnitude faster than the early components (myotatic and late myotatic responses). Following partial nerve block, the late EMG components were diminished to a lesser extent and recovered faster than the early EMG components. This study suggests that peripheral afferent inputs are obligatory for the myotatic and late myotatic EMG responses. The effects of peripheral afferent inputs on postmyotatic responses are to modulate these later responses. However, the absence of peripheral afferent inputs will not prevent or even delay postmyotatic responses. PMID- 6232146 TI - Studies on the disposition of quinolinic acid after intracerebral or systemic administration in the rat. AB - Quinolinic acid (QUIN) is an endogenous, excitotoxic amino acid which is currently under investigation as a possible etiological factor in human neurodegenerative disorders such as Huntington's disease and epilepsy. We explored certain aspects of this hypothesis, using the adult rat as an experimental animal. After intrastriatal infusions of [3H]QUIN, radioactivity was cleared from the injected region with an apparent half-life of 22 min. To 2 h after injection, all radioactivity recovered from the striatum corresponded to unmetabolized QUIN. Consistent with these data was the lack of significant uptake of [3H]QUIN by slices or crude synaptosomes prepared from rat hippocampus or striatum. When applied intravenously, a high dose of QUIN (450 mg/kg) caused relatively minor seizure-related EEG changes and no signs of neuronal degeneration. Direct measurements indicated negligible penetration of the blood brain barrier by QUIN. The lack of an effective inactivation mechanism for extracellular QUIN in the brain negates QUIN's proposed role as a classical neurotransmitter substance, but may be of significance for the postulated effects of this compound in neurodegenerative diseases. An important role of blood-borne QUIN or QUIN precursors in human disorders cannot be ruled out at present; although the brain appears to be well protected by the blood-brain barrier from an acute elevation of blood QUIN, a possible breakdown of the barrier under pathologic conditions and the effects of chronic elevations of blood QUIN remain to be examined. PMID- 6232147 TI - Localization of pyruvate carboxylase in the cells of Neurospora crassa. AB - The cell wall of Neurospora crassa was digested enzymatically and the cytosolic and the mitochondrial fractions were separated. The activity of pyruvate carboxylase (EC 6.4.1.1) was detected entirely in the cytosolic fraction. This indicates that the location of pyruvate carboxylase of N. crassa is in the cytosol, but is not in the mitochondria; this is different from the situation in animal tissues. PMID- 6232148 TI - Synthesis and assembly of wall polymers on regenerating yeast protoplasts. AB - Accumulation of chitin and glucan on S. cerevisiae and C. albicans protoplasts begins shortly after resuspension in the regeneration medium, and mannoprotein molecules also appear retained by the regenerating wall after 30-60 minutes in S. cerevisiae or after a longer lag period in C. albicans. Nevertheless, a considerable fraction of the synthesized mannoproteins, which in SDS-acrylamide gels exhibit a different pattern from that of wall manno-proteins of cells, are still released to the growth medium during at least eight hours. De novo synthesis of chitin synthase, but not of glucan synthase, is observed in S. cerevisiae from about 30 minutes after initiation of the regeneration process. The interaction between microfibrils of nascent chitin formed by C. albicans protoplasts is altered by strains as Calcofluor White or Congo Red. In the presence of the former one, no microcrystalline lattice of the polymer is formed and protoplasts do not regenerate correctly. PMID- 6232149 TI - Inactivation of beef heart mitochondrial F1-ATPase by the 2',3'-dialdehyde derivatives of adenine nucleotides. AB - Beef heart mitochondrial F1-ATPase was inactivated by the 2',3'-dialdehyde derivatives of ATP, ADP and AMP (oATP, oADP, oAMP). In the absence of Mg2+, inactivation resulted from the binding of 1 mol nucleotide analog per active unit of F1. The most efficient analog was oADP, followed by oAMP and oATP. Complete inactivation was correlated with the binding of about 11 mol [14C]oADP/mol F1. After correction for non-specific labeling, the number of specifically bound [14C]oADP was 2-3 mol per mol F1. By SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, [14C]oADP was found to bind covalently mainly to the alpha and beta subunits. In the presence of Mg2+, oATP behaved as a substrate and was slowly hydrolyzed. PMID- 6232150 TI - Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of proteins released from sea urchin nuclei by limited digestion with DNase I. AB - The morula and the mesenchyme blastula nuclei contained approx. 30 nuclear proteins which were preferentially released by limited digestion with DNase I, but no proteins were released from sperm nuclei. While most of the proteins released by DNase I digestion were common to the two embryonic stages, 2 and 6 proteins were specific or enriched in morulae and mesenchyme blastulae, respectively. PMID- 6232151 TI - On the structure of active chromatin. A flow linear dichroism study of chromatin fractionated by nuclease digestion. AB - Nuclei from Ehrlich ascites cells were treated with micrococcal nuclease or DNase I and extracted with 1 mM EDTA. The chromatin fraction released by this procedure showed positive flow linear dichroism (LD) at low salt (2 mM NaCl) while the non released fraction had negative LD. Furthermore, the chromatin structure responsible for the positive LD was found to be labile: The LD was reduced by heat (37 degrees C) or RNase treatment and inverted to a negative LD by electric fields (10 kV/cm) and by the presence of DNA binding dyes. PMID- 6232152 TI - Deprival of nicotinamide leads to enhanced glucose transport in chick embryo fibroblasts. AB - Chick embryo fibroblasts growing in medium free of pyridine ring precursors of NADH and NADPH replicate several times before multiplication ceases. The rate of glucose transport is progressively enhanced, finally reaching levels several times higher than those normally observed in cells severely depleted of NADH. Whereas normal cells respond to additional glucose by further reducing transport, the NADH-depleted cell is refractory to glucose even at five times the normal glucose concentration. Readdition of nicotinamide does little to restore normal transport within 24 h. On the other hand NAD+ or NADP+ provided simultaneously with glucose results in a sharp decline in measurable transport within 2-4 h. The role of the pyridine nucleotides in this reduction of transport function is for the moment unknown. PMID- 6232153 TI - [Work organization for health officer assistance in nutritional hygiene in rural district epidemiological health stations]. PMID- 6232154 TI - Comparison of diagnostic accuracy of laparoscopy, hysteroscopy, and hysterosalpingography in evaluation of female infertility. AB - The diagnostic accuracy and therapeutic value of hysterosalpingography (HSG), laparoscopy, and hysteroscopy were evaluated in 77 women who underwent these procedures as part of their infertility evaluation. HSG revealed in 32 women (42%) evidence of tubal or peritoneal disease, and 16 other women (21%) had radiographic evidence of intrauterine abnormalities. These findings were confirmed by laparoscopy in 84% of patients and by hysteroscopy in 69%, giving false-positive rates of 16% and 31% for HSG. HSG had a false-negative rate of 13% for tubal or peritoneal disease as subsequently uncovered by laparoscopy, and 1.3% for intrauterine lesions as revealed by hysteroscopy. The data suggest that while laparoscopy is of value in detecting previously unsuspected tubal disease, hysteroscopy adds little information in the management of the infertile patient. For optimum evaluation, a combined approach using all three procedures is recommended, especially in patients with a history of uterotubal and peritoneal lesions. PMID- 6232155 TI - [Rapid adaptation of the response to static stretching of the primary endings of the elementary dynamic type of muscle spindles]. AB - The elementary dynamic (ED) type receptors reveal a peculiar combination of high- frequency discharges in response to dynamic component of mechanical stimulus with fast disappearance of responses to static stretching of the muscle as well as post--activational discharges. 29 ED receptors were observed in stretching of isolated m. soleus, semi--isolated and intact m. triceps in anesthetized cats. Other 185 spindle afferents revealed stable static discharges. ED receptors constituted 5% of 570 units under study. When recording the responses of ED receptors to stretching and fisimotor stimulation, the muscle fiber and the afferent fiber were in a good functional condition. The property of fast adaptation of some primary endings of the muscle spindle seems to depend on connection of the afferent's sensitive terminals only with the nuclear--bag intrafusal fibers. PMID- 6232156 TI - [The regulation of pituitary gonadotropin release of the frontal lobe neocortex. (II). In relation to serotonergic neurons]. AB - The dorsal region of the anterior frontal lobe neocortex has an inhibitory function in the secretion of luteinizing hormone (LH) and ovulation. It is suggested that the anterior frontal lobe neocortex regulates the secretion of LH through the nerve circuit composed of the anterior median limbic area, the thalamic dorsomedial nucleus and the basolateral amygdaloid nucleus which are innervated by serotonergic neurons. In the present study, the relationship between the inhibitory effect of the frontal lobe neocortex on LH secretion and serotonergic neurons from the brain stem raphe nuclei was studied in 4-day vaginal cycle female Wistar rats. Electrochemical stimulation (DC 120 microA, 30 sec.) of the anterior frontal lobe neocortex just before the critical period of ovulation on the day of proestrus blocked the preovulatory surge of LH and ovulation. Electrochemical stimulation of the anterior frontal lobe neocortex just before the critical period but 120 min. after administration of rho chlorophenylalanine (PCPA, 150 mg/kg, i.p.) could not block the preovulatory surge of LH and ovulation. Electrochemical stimulation of the anterior frontal lobe neocortex just before the critical period but 120 min. after excision of the median raphe nucleus blocked the preovulatory surge of LH and ovulation. Electrochemical stimulation of the anterior frontal lobe neocortex just before the critical period but 120 min. after excision of the dorsal raphe nucleus could not block the preovulatory surge of LH and ovulation. These results suggest that serotonergic neurons ascending from the dorsal raphe nucleus are involved in the inhibition of LH secretion and ovulation caused by electrochemical stimulation of the anterior frontal lobe neocortex and that the secretion of serotonin is necessary for the inhibition of LH secretion. PMID- 6232158 TI - Management of dental hygiene for mentally handicapped people in residential settings. PMID- 6232157 TI - [The reciprocal pattern of release observed in PRL and TSH following various types of administration of TRH]. AB - Alterations of plasma TSH and PRL levels following various types of administration with TRH were studied in the luteal phase of women with normal menstrual cycles. The results were as follows: Plasma PRL response to a single i.v. injection of tRH with DHEA-S drop injection was not significantly different from that observed without it. The data suggest that DHEA-S does not affect the feedback mechanism in the short-term course of the experiment. Alterations in the plasma levels of PRL during intermittent as well as continuous infusion with TRH were quite different from those with TSH. Plasma TSH increased following the beginning of a continuous infusion with TRH and reached a peak at approximately 180 min, maintaining a plateau until the infusion was withheld. On the other hand, plasma PRL levels increased rapidly to reach peak levels in 30 min after the start of the infusion gradually following a decline in spite of continued TRH stimulation. Furthermore, a stepwise increase of TSH levels was observed following 4 intermittent injections of TRH; however, plasma PRL rapidly reached peak levels in 30 min following the 1st injection of TRH and a further 3 injections did not raise the levels of PRL. The results suggest that in humans, the synthesis and release of PRL occur independently in the pituitary. PMID- 6232159 TI - Progressive generalized perforating folliculitis. AB - A case is presented of a 52-year-old female exhibiting a severe progressive generalized perforating folliculitis accompanied by widespread erythroderma, follicular hyperkeratosis, keratoderma of palms and soles, alopecia of scalp and eyebrows, and nail changes. The disease seemed completely resistant to steroids, adrenocorticotropin, PUVA, cytostatic drugs, and aromatic retinoids. This type of skin reaction does not seem to have been described in the dermatologic literature. PMID- 6232160 TI - Thyroid function during treatment with a new oral contraceptive combination containing desogestrel. AB - The present study was carried out to assess the effect of an oral contraceptive combination containing 0.075 mg desogestrel (Org 2969, 17 alpha-ethinyl-18-methyl 11-methylene-4-estren-17-ol) plus 0.050 mg ethinyloestradiol on thyroid function in healthy women. All 15 volunteers participated for three cycles; in each cycle they took 1 tablet daily for 21 consecutive days, followed by a 17-day tablet free period. In total, 'treatment' lasted 3 months. After 3 months treatment serum thyroxine significantly increased (+ 43.9%), as did free thyroxine index (+ 20.0%) and thyroxine-binding globulin (+ 101%). Serum triiodothyronine uptake to Sephadex decreased (- 17.3%), corresponding to the decrease in thyroxine/thyroxine-binding globulin ratio (- 23.8%). Serum triiodothyronine and thyrotropin (TSH) concentrations did not change. After treatment had stopped, all values rapidly returned to initial levels. As a more specific parameter of thyroid function, serum free thyroxine concentration was measured. During treatment a slight decrease of - 125% (which was within normal limits) was observed. Moreover, the pituitary response to TSH-releasing hormone (TRH) was not changed. Thus, treatment with desogestrel plus ethinyloestradiol in the present combination did not alter thyroid function. PMID- 6232161 TI - Serum lipids and proteins during treatment with a new oral contraceptive combination containing desogestrel. AB - The present study was carried out to measure lipid and protein levels in serum of healthy women during treatment with a new oral contraceptive combination containing 0.075 mg desogestrel (Org 2969, 17 alpha-ethinyl-18-methyl-11 methylene-4-estren-17-ol) plus 0.050 mg ethinyloestradiol per tablet. All 30 volunteers took 1 tablet daily for 21 consecutive days, followed by a tablet-free period of 7 days. Treatment lasted 3 months. At the end of treatment serum total cholesterol had increased by 0.26 mmol/l (5.0%), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol by 0.22 mmol/l (15.2%) and triglycerides by 0.43 mmol/l (50%); the calculated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol had decreased by 0.16 mmol/l (4.9%). All lipid concentrations had returned to initial levels 2 months after treatment stopped. After 3 months treatment serum ceruloplasmin, cortisol-binding globulin capacity, sex-hormone-binding globulin capacity and thyroxine-binding globulin had significantly increased by 85.2, 133, 206 and 101%, respectively. All protein levels returned to normal 2 months after treatment stopped. The relationship between serum lipids and hormone-binding proteins has been discussed, as well as the significance of the high-density lipoprotein level with regard to contraceptive treatment. PMID- 6232162 TI - Characteristics of the adenohypophyseal Ca2+-phospholipid-dependent protein kinase. AB - The Ca2+-phospholipid-dependent protein kinase, initially described by Takai et al. (J. Biol. Chem. 254, 3692-3695, 1979), has been identified in the anterior pituitary gland of the rat and sheep. The enzyme is essentially undetectable in initial cell extracts but marked activity is manifest following DEAE chromatography, suggesting the potential presence of an endogenous inhibitor of this enzyme. Two forms of this protein kinase exist in both sheep and rat anterior pituitary gland, both of which are similarly dependent upon Ca2+, phosphatidyl serine and diacylglycerol. Several endogenous substrates for this protein kinase have been observed in both the pars distalis and pars tuberalis of the sheep adenohypophysis. PMID- 6232164 TI - [A contribution to the electrogenetic interpretation of left ventricular hypertrophy caused by volume overload]. AB - The purpose of the present study is to make a contribution to the understanding of the electrogenetic interpretation of left ventricular hypertrophy caused by volume overload. Thirty-two cases of isolated aortic valve regurgitation with electrocardiographic evidence of left ventricular hypertrophy were studied by vectorcardiography in order to measure the 20 msec vector both in the spatial and horizontal plane, and by M-Mode echocardiography to obtain the interventricular septal and posterior wall thickness and the end diastolic dimension of the left ventricle. The following relations were analyzed: a) between the interventricular septal thickness and the amplitude of the 20 msec vector in the spatial and horizontal plane; b) between the end diastolic dimension of the left ventricle and the amplitude of the 20 msec vector. We also explored the possibility to distinguish by means of the 20 msec vector amplitude between patients with and without disproportionate septal thickening. We found no correlation either between interventricular septal thickness and amplitude of the 20 msec vector, or between left ventricular end diastolic dimension and amplitude of the 20 msec vector. It was not possible to distinguish by means of the amplitude of the 20 msec vector between the cases of left ventricular hypertrophy with disproportional septal thickening and those without it. PMID- 6232163 TI - Hormonal influences on cardiac myosin ATPase activity and myosin isoenzyme distribution. AB - It has been recognized for a long time that changes in hormone secretion can influence cardiac function; however, the biochemical basis for these changes has only recently been clarified. In this review the influences of hormonal status on the contractile protein myosin is discussed. Myosin has a rod-like portion and a globular head and consists of two myosin heavy chains (MHC) and four light chains (LC), two of which are identical. The globular head is the site of an ATP splitting enzyme, the myosin ATPase, and increases in myosin ATPase activity are closely related to an increased velocity of contraction of the heart. Myosin ATPase activity shows marked response to alterations in thyroid hormone, insulin, glucocorticoid, testosterone and catecholamine levels, but marked animal species differences in this response occur. Thyroid hormone administration to normal rabbits, for example, increases myosin ATPase activity markedly, but the myosin ATPase activity of hyperthyroid rats remains unchanged. In contrast, in hypothyroid rats myosin ATPase activity is markedly decreased but the hypothyroid rabbit shows no such response. These species-related differences in the hormonal response of myosin ATPase activity result from the predominance pattern of specific myosin isoenzymes. In the normal rat heart three myosin isoenzymes, V1, V2 and V3, can be separated electrophoretically. Myosin V1 predominates (70% of total myosin), and has the highest myosin ATPase activity, whereas in rabbits myosin V3, which has a lower myosin ATPase activity, is the predominant isomyosin. Thyroid hormone administration to rabbits induces myosin V1 predominance and therefore increases myosin ATPase activity, whereas in hyperthyroid rats only a small further increase in V1 predominance can occur. The alterations in myosin isoenzyme predominance and myosin ATPase activity are closely correlated to changes in cardiac contractility. Hormone-induced alterations in myosin isoenzyme predominance are mediated through changes in the formation of two isoforms of myosin heavy chain. Changes in the expression of different myosin heavy chain genes are most likely responsible for the thyroid hormone and insulin-induced alterations in myosin isoenzyme predominance. Investigation of the control of myosin heavy chain formation can provide further insights into the hormonal control of a multigene family as well as broaden our understanding of the molecular events which result in altered cardiac contractility.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6232165 TI - Suppression of immunoglobulin synthesis by lymphocyte subpopulations in patients with Crohn's disease. AB - In previous studies, patients with mild or inactive Crohn's disease were found to have increased suppressor T-cell activity. To further characterize suppressor T cells in Crohn's disease, studies were carried out with the use of monoclonal antibodies. Excessive suppressor activity was eliminated by removal of OKT 8+ lymphocytes by complement-mediated lysis. However, the percentage of OKT 8+ (or Leu 2a+) cells and the ratio of OKT 4+ to OKT 8+ (or Leu 3a+ to Leu 2a+) cells were not significantly different from normal. Although the subgroup of patients with increased suppression of immunoglobulin synthesis had a significantly lower mean Leu 3a to Leu 2a ratio than that of normal subjects, in the whole group of Crohn's patients studied, neither the percentage of Leu 2a+ cells nor the ratio of Leu 3a+ to Leu 2a+ cells correlated with excessive suppression of immunoglobulin synthesis. A subpopulation of Leu 2a+ lymphocytes reactive with the monoclonal antibody HNK-1 (Leu 2a+ HNK-1+) was increased in patients with Crohn's disease. Furthermore, elimination of HNK-1-reactive lymphocytes by complement-mediated lysis diminished the excessive suppressor cell function in patients with Crohn's disease. The percentage of Leu 2a+ HNK-1+ lymphocytes correlated significantly with the suppression of pokeweed mitogen-stimulated immunoglobulin synthesis in vitro. Thus, patients with mild Crohn's disease have an increased suppressor cell activity in vitro which correlates with the presence of a subset of lymphocytes that have an HNK-1+ Leu-2a+ phenotype. PMID- 6232166 TI - Immune status in Crohn's disease. VI. Immunoregulation evaluated by multiple, distinct T-suppressor cell assays of lymphocyte proliferation, and by enumeration of immunoregulatory T-lymphocyte subsets. AB - In 28 patients with Crohn's disease, 6 patients with ulcerative colitis, and 34 healthy controls, immunoregulatory function of peripheral blood mononuclear cells was investigated by evaluating the suppression of lymphocyte proliferative responses to mitogens (phytohemagglutinin, concanavalin A, pokeweed mitogen) and to allogeneic lymphocytes (mixed lymphocyte culture) using simultaneously five functional assays as follows: (a) spontaneous T-suppressor-cell activity, (b) concanavalin A-generated T-suppressor-cell activity, both with (3000 rads) and without irradiation of suppressor cells, and (c) allogeneic mixed lymphocyte culture-generated T-suppressor-cell activity, again both with and without irradiation. Concanavalin A- and mixed lymphocyte culture-generated T-suppressor cell activities were evaluated both in the autologous and the allogeneic system. In addition, using monoclonal antibodies, we determined proportions of T-helper and T-suppressor/cytotoxic lymphocytes. Inactive patients did not differ from normal either in the proportions of immunoregulatory lymphocytes or in the suppression of the various lymphocyte proliferative responses in any of the five T-suppressor-cell assays evaluated. In patients with active disease, however, an impairment of suppression of phytohemagglutinin-, pokeweed mitogen-, and mixed lymphocyte culture-stimulated proliferation of autologous lymphocytes was observed in the concanavalin A-generated, irradiated suppressor assay. In the spontaneous suppressor assay, suppression of phytohemagglutinin- and concanavalin A-stimulated lymphocyte proliferation was significantly lower in active disease than in remission. Thus, in peripheral blood of patients with Crohn's disease who are in remission, there is no indication for an immunoregulatory defect in any of the evaluated assay systems. Single selective, moderate defects in suppression of proliferation of various lymphocyte subpopulations are restricted to active disease. PMID- 6232167 TI - Dantrolene and calcium uptake by the sarcoplasmic reticulum of malignant hyperpyrexia-susceptible pigs. AB - Sarcoplasmic reticulum membranes were isolated from the skeletal muscle of pigs susceptible or resistant to the anaesthetic complication malignant hyperpyrexia. The skeletal muscle relaxant dantrolene was shown to be without effect on the Ca2+ -dependent ATPase activity of either sarcoplasmic reticulum preparation. The active transport of calcium by sarcoplasmic reticulum from both sources was also unaffected by the presence of dantrolene. These findings indicate that dantrolene does not exert its pharmacological action in skeletal muscle by stimulating calcium uptake by the sarcoplasmic reticulum. PMID- 6232168 TI - Corticosteroid receptors in the kidney of chick embryo. III. Nature, properties, and ontogeny of aldosterone receptor. AB - An aldosterone receptor in the cytosol from kidney of chick embryos which had a sedimentation coefficient of 8.2 S and a molecular weight higher than 100,000 was identified. Kinetic analysis at 4 degrees revealed a rapid association of the hormone to the receptor that followed second-order reaction kinetics and a dissociation of pseudo-first-order reaction kinetics. The association (ka) and dissociation (kd) rate constants were, respectively, 4.94 X 10(5) M-1 sec-1 and 8.33 X 10(-6) sec-1. From their ratio a KA value of 5.9 X 10(10) M-1 was calculated. In a series of experiments performed with kidneys of 17-day-old embryos, the KA at equilibrium, obtained from the Scatchard plot, was 3.1 +/- 1.2 X 10(8) M-1, whereas the Nmax was 172 +/- 14 fmol/mg protein. Competition studies with various steroids demonstrated that corticosterone had an affinity for the receptor close to that of aldosterone, thus suggesting a degree of resemblance of the mineralo- and glucocorticoid receptors in the chick embryo. However, the profiles of the binding affinities and capacities during the embryogenesis showed that the aldosterone-binding sites had a pattern completely different from that of the glucocorticoid receptor, indicating that the two receptors are most likely separate entities. PMID- 6232169 TI - Isolation and characterization of Neurospora mutants affected in invertase synthesis. AB - We have outlined a procedure that allows the large-scale screening of mutagenized Neurospora crassa populations for invertaseless mutants. We have isolated and characterized three mutations, inv(DBL1), inv(DBL9) and inv(DBL14), which have been mapped at or near the invertase structural gene. One of these, inv(DBL1), is particularly interesting. Our experiments indicate that the reduced level of invertase activity in the inv(DBL1)-containing cell can be explained as the result of a reduced number of normal enzyme molecules. We also show that wild type Neurospora is able to respond rapidly to a change of medium and can dramatically increase its production of invertase within 20 min after a transfer to a carbon-free medium. PMID- 6232170 TI - [Heterochromatic regions of human chromosomes 1, 9, 16 and Y and the phenotype]. AB - The relationship between variability of the heterochromatic regions of chromosomes 1, 9, 16, Y and the anthropometric characteristics (the height, the biacromial diameter and weight) was studied in two groups of children; 70 children had embryopathies of unknown etiology and 40 children had the Down syndrome. The positive statistically significant correlation of the C-segments lengths of chromosomes 1, 9, 16, their sum included, and above characteristics was found. The correlation coefficients of Y-chromosome were non-significant. The problems of functional role of the structural heterochromatin and its influence on viability and physical development of the organism are discussed. PMID- 6232171 TI - Genetics of bacteriophage phi 80--a review. AB - The genetic maps of bacteriophage lambda and lambdoid phage phi 80 are compared. The gene organization of phi 80 is very similar to that of lambda, as shown by isolation and characterization of many am, ts and c (clear) mutants of the phage. In general, the essential genes located in the same position on the genetic map of the phages lambda and phi 80 fulfill the same functions. These include the gene clusters coding for the head and tail proteins, genes for DNA synthesis, and the genes controlling lysogeny and late gene expression. The specific regulatory features of phi 80 in relation to the N function of lambda are discussed, but they require further clarification. The two phages differ in immunity specificity, host range, conversion property and temperature sensitivity. PMID- 6232172 TI - [Body vitamin C, B1 and B2 allowances for female hothouse workers]. PMID- 6232173 TI - [Hygienic evaluation of the noise from riverside recreational areas]. PMID- 6232174 TI - [Disability due to occupational diseases in industrial workers in Leningrad and the problems of vocational rehabilitation]. PMID- 6232175 TI - [Use of the questionnaires in the study of working conditions of industrial workers]. PMID- 6232176 TI - [Correction of avitaminosis in workers of beet sugar-processing plant]. PMID- 6232177 TI - [Occupational hygiene in present-day automated production of clay building bricks]. PMID- 6232178 TI - [Scintigraphic study of pulmonary blood flow and ventilatory function in pulmonary stenosis patients]. PMID- 6232179 TI - [X-ray endovascular dilatation of the subclavian artery]. PMID- 6232180 TI - [Neurochemical abnormalities in Huntington's disease]. PMID- 6232181 TI - [Value of bone scintigraphy in secondary (intestinal) hyperparathyroidism]. AB - We report on 4 patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism of intestinal origin presenting a characteristical pattern of distribution, namely focal accumulations of 99mTc-methylene diphosphonate on locations typical of Looser's zones. In accordance with other authors we demonstrate the higher sensitivity of skeletal scintigraphy as compared to radiography which is well known from other disorders of bone. We also refer to the problems of differential diagnosis arising when multiple foci are visible on bone scan. PMID- 6232182 TI - [Assessment of the functional parameter of left ventricular end-diastolic pressure]. AB - In patients with an increase in enddiastolic pressure an impairment of left ventricular function is assumed. However, changes in left ventricular geometry (e.g. hypertrophy) or in elastic properties of the myocardium result in an increase in enddiastolic pressure, too. To differentiate the underlying mechanisms the elastic properties of the ventricle and myocardium, respectively, have to be determined. Our investigations show that the usually used determinations are not appropriate, if ventricular volumes are determined by means of angiography. The elastic properties can be calculated more exactly considering relaxation and thus the early filling phase of diastole. Moreover it is possible to perform this analysis by means of routinely determined hemodynamic parameters. So we propose a simple expression for the calculation of the elastic properties of the ventricle and get more information about the case of an increased enddiastolic pressure in clinical practise. PMID- 6232183 TI - Health for all - everyone's concern. PMID- 6232184 TI - [Cardiovascular accident - rehabilitation of hemiplegic patient]. PMID- 6232185 TI - [Nursing research]. PMID- 6232186 TI - Pediatric poisoning - the initial assessment. PMID- 6232188 TI - [Postoperative complications: assessment and intervention]. PMID- 6232187 TI - [Total correction of tetralogy of Fallot]. PMID- 6232189 TI - [The trouble with nurses]. PMID- 6232190 TI - [Low back pain]. PMID- 6232191 TI - [Anatomy and physiology of the eye]. PMID- 6232192 TI - [Transverse myelitis]. PMID- 6232193 TI - [The interaction of human alpha 1-antitrypsin with human plasmin]. AB - The interaction of alpha 1-antitrypsin (alpha 1-AT) with plasmin was investigated, and the molecular weight of the inhibitor was also re-evaluated. The value of molecular weight of alpha 1-AT determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) method showed a difference depending on the presence or absence of the reducing agent, resulting in 72,000 dalton before reduction and 59,000 dalton after reduction. Conclusively, the molecular weight of alpha 1-AT was appropriate to be 59,000 dalton from considering the molecular shape of the protein. The interaction of alpha 1-AT with plasmin was analysed by SDS-PAGE method. Unreduced analysis revealed that two kinds of complexes with different molecular weight (the major of 155,000 dalton and the minor of 140,000 dalton) were formed time dependently, suggesting that the former was a native complex and the latter was a degraded product. Reduced analysis disclosed that the light chain of plasmin involved the complex formation with the inhibitor, and a peptide of 16,000 dalton appeared during the reaction. From these observations, the mechanism of action was summarized as follows. First, alpha 1-AT inhibited all of the plasmin activities by forming a 1: 1 stoichiometric complex with the enzyme, presumably with the active center of the enzyme, whose complex is undissociable in the presence of denaturing or reducing agents or both. Secondly, the native complex broke into a degraded product and a released peptide by limited proteolysis with the free plasmin which existed in the reaction mixture even with an excess of alpha 1-AT due to the reaction of complex formation being time consuming. The clinical significance of alpha 1-AT on fibrinolysis was also subject for discussion. PMID- 6232194 TI - Partial purification and characterization of an endogenous granulomonopoiesis inhibitor from calf spleen. AB - A factor which specifically inhibits the proliferation of murine bone-marrow-cell colonies in vitro was extracted from calf spleen and partially purified. No comparable inhibition in T-lymphocyte or erythrocyte assays was observed, suggesting a possible chalone nature of the factor. The formation of granulocyte and macrophage colonies is inhibited to equal degrees. The factor was found to be non-toxic: Bone-marrow cells exposed to the factor for 5 h proliferated at a normal rate thereafter. Solubility, molecular mass and ionic exchange data of the factor are similar to those found for chalone-like inhibitors derived from other sources. The present inhibitor however does not contain a thiol group, and has no stimulatory effect after oxidation as described previously for similar factors. PMID- 6232195 TI - Psychiatric history as a barrier to residential care. AB - Bias against individuals with a history of psychiatric hospitalization can block their access to residential care homes and thus impede deinstitutionalization efforts. After surveying home operators in nine residential care programs in five states, the authors found that providers tend to accept a physically impaired client over one with behavioral problems or a history of psychiatric hospitalization. The authors also point out that actual admission practices may not reflect facility policies. For example, more than 30 percent of the operators said they admitted persons with behavioral problems or psychiatric histories, yet no such persons resided in their homes. The authors suggest strategies such as provider education and financial incentives to combat the operator's bias against former mental patients. PMID- 6232196 TI - Movement disorders in the psychiatric patient. AB - Abnormal movements or postures often present a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge to the psychiatrist or neurologist. The authors review pertinent anatomy and physiology of disorders of the extrapyramidal system, suggest aspects of the clinical history and examination particularly important for diagnosis, and describe a range of abnormal movements. They review several syndromes in which abnormalities of behavior and movement may occur together, including Huntington's chorea, Wilson's disease, Parkinson's disease, and tardive dyskinesia. PMID- 6232197 TI - Meiotic configurations in female trisomy 21 foetuses. AB - Analysis of the meiotic configurations formed by the three No 21 chromosomes in oocytes from two trisomy 21 foetuses was undertaken using a spreading technique. Light microscope analysis of the first gave limited resolving power, such that over half the oocytes could not be classified as to presence or absence of trivalent or bivalent plus univalent. In the second, investigated at the electron microscope level, all 65 cells analysed were informative and precise detail of meiotic pairing in trivalents could be obtained. Two principal forms of trivalent occurred, one in which pairing was initiated at opposite ends of the three No 21's, each initiation point involving only two of the three homologous lateral elements; the other in which pairing was initiated by all three elements at the same end, a triple synaptonemal complex being formed. Only in one oocyte out of the 65 analysed at EM level, however, did triple pairing occur along the entire length of the No 21 trivalent. All others showed splitting into bivalent and univalent at some point along the structure. Unpaired regions within trivalents and all univalents were consistently seen to be thickened and dark staining with silver over the whole period from pachytene to diplotene. This contrasted with the desynapsing lateral elements of previously paired synaptonemal complexes which appeared thin by comparison at diplotene. The significance of the thickening remains, as yet, obscure. PMID- 6232198 TI - Assignment of human phosphoribosylglycinamide synthetase locus to region 21q221. AB - The enzymatic activity of phosphoribosylglycinamide synthetase (GARS) has been studied in several cases of partial monosomies and full and partial trisomies 21. An excess of GARS activity was found in regular trisomy 21 with a trisomy 21/normal ratio equal to 1.55. A 0.99 ratio was found in 21q21----21pter monosomy; a 0.54 ratio was found in 21qter----21q22 monosomy; a 0.88 ratio, in 21q21----21pter trisomy, and a 1.46 ratio, in 21q22.1 trisomy. Consequently, the GARS gene locus, assigned to chromosome 21, could be localized in subband 21q22.1. PMID- 6232199 TI - Cytogenetic investigations in mentally retarded and normal males from 14 families with the fragile site at Xq28. Results of folic acid treatment on fra(X) expression. AB - Lymphocyte cultures from 27 mentally retarded males aged 1 year to 77 years, and from 11 normal brothers from a total of 14 families with the fragile X segregating have been examined cytogenetically employing three different culture methods including methods for induction of fra(X) by FUdR (flourodeoxyuridine) or MTX (methotrexate). All mentally retarded males showed unequivocal fra(X) expression. No statistically significant correlation between fra(X) expression and age could be demonstrated. No enhancement with FUdR was observed. Fibroblast cultures from 10 retarded males expressed fra(X) in a dose-response relationship to increasing concentrations of FUdR. None of the normal males showed fra(X). In vivo folic acid treatment of seven mentally retarded males resulted in marked reduction in fra(X) expression in lymphocyte cultures grown in medium 199. However, reinduction was achieved by FUdR or MTX, except in one case who temporarily received very high doses of folic acid. PMID- 6232200 TI - Sequence of centromere separation another mechanism for the origin of nondisjunction. AB - The most commonly accepted view about the origin of aneuploidy is that it is due to errors in meiotic division. However, its rare occurrence makes it difficult to explain recurrent births of trisomic children to some parents. This problem causes more serious concern when one accepts that an abnormal (n + 1 or n - 1) sperm would enter fertilization by overriding thousands, or even millions, of normal haploid sperms. Also, the failure of aneuploidy to be induced in the offspring of mammals treated with mutagens raises questions about the effectiveness of the accepted mode of origin of errors. Current concepts also do not explain why one observes more errors of meiotic I, than of meiotic II, origin. It is known that most chromosomes separating at meta-anaphase junction in mitosis follow a nonrandom, genetically controlled sequence of separation. The present proposal makes use of out-of-phase separation of a rare chromosome, like premature separation in mitosis of the X in elderly humans or of an 18 in parents of trisomy 18 children. The suggestion is made that such out-of-phase separation results in aneuploid cell lines by total failure of the centromere to separate or by it separating too early, before the spindle is formed. The prematurely separating centromeres, it appears, do not attach to spindle fibers and hence cause nondisjunction. Such nondisjunction in embryonic stages will produce apparently normal individuals with mosaicism in somatic and/or gametic tissue. An individual carrying mosaicism in gonadal tissue will produce a large number of abnormal gametes, one of which may have a reasonable chance of entering fertilization. This mode of origin of aneuploidy takes care of all questions raised above and finds support in the data available in the literature. Several of the suggestions made in the hypothesis are easily testable. PMID- 6232201 TI - Mechanisms of rejection and prolongation of vascularized organ allografts. PMID- 6232202 TI - Cells mediating allograft rejection. PMID- 6232203 TI - Analysis of intragraft effector mechanisms associated with human renal allograft rejection: immunohistological studies with monoclonal antibodies. AB - Immunohistological studies of rejecting human renal allografts show that the onset of graft rejection is accompanied by the influx of small numbers of T-cells and macrophages. Both cell types occur in focal aggregates adjacent to the Class II antigen-rich renal vasculature and glomerular Bowman's capsule. Although most of the T-cells express the OKT8+ phenotype of cytotoxic T-cells, analysis with markers for activation of T-cells suggests that the vast majority of these cells are present as functionally inactive precursor cells. Smaller numbers of OKT4+ helper T-cells, NK cells and occasional B-cells are also present. Within a few days, up to 15% of T-cells express receptors for IL-2 and other activation markers, suggesting that they are now functionally active. OKT8+ T-cells continue to predominate, but at least some OKT4+ T-cells appear active as DTH cells. A large influx of mononuclear cells, particularly macrophages, follows and these cells are found within and adjacent to the large Class I antigen-rich intertubular capillary network. Many of these intragraft macrophage express pro coagulant function, presumably through lymphokine-induced activation, and are enmeshed in a fibrin network. Irreversible kidney damage may result from the combined onslaught of these cellular and humoral mechanisms, and examination of nephrectomy specimens suggests that this destruction is principally mediated by macrophages and polymorphs. These studies, by showing the presence of multiple functionally active cell types within rejecting grafts, provide evidence for a multiplicity of intragraft effector mechanisms. This evidence indicates that in addition to cytotoxic T-cells, DTH cells, macrophages, NK, K and B cells contribute to the rejection process. Further unravelling of the complex response and, hence, greater insights into the basis for more effective immunosuppression are likely to follow from the immunohistological application of monoclonal antibodies to rejecting grafts. However, comparison with animal models of kidney rejection already suggests that there may be important differences in both the initiation and effector phases of human kidney allograft rejection. PMID- 6232205 TI - Role of autorosette forming cells in antibody synthesis in vitro: suppressive activity of ARFC in humoral immune response. AB - The role of autologous rosette forming cells (ARFC) in humoral immune responses was studied using an in vitro system. While depletion of ARFCs from PBL resulted in a significant increase of either total IgG or anti-TT IgG, addition of these cells to the system decreased the production of immunoglobulin to a level comparable to that of unfractionated PBL. The majority of the ARFCs reacted with anti-Leu2a and anti-Leu8. In contrast, the majority of non-ARFCs reacted with Leu3a and only 10% with Leu8 monoclonal antibodies. Stimulation of unfractionated PBL with concanavalin A (ConA) resulted in an increase of the ARFC population. ConA stimulation also increased the number of cells reactive with anti-Leu2 and/or anti-Leu8. The autorosette population had a higher purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) content than the non-ARFC population. Although the ARFC suppressed synthesis of antibody by B cell in vitro when they were mixed with either autologous or allogeneic B cells, a marked proliferation of non-B cells was evident. We conclude that at least two different subpopulations of T cells are capable of forming rosettes with autologous red blood cells. PMID- 6232204 TI - The inflammatory mechanisms of allograft rejection. PMID- 6232206 TI - In vitro activation of natural killer-like cytotoxicity by specifically in vivo primed T-helper lymphocytes in the rat. AB - The interaction between the rat non-cytotoxic T lymphocyte subset, which is marked by the W3/25 monoclonal antibody, and natural killer cells was investigated. Specifically in vivo primed lymph node cells were restimulated in vitro with the priming antigen and co-cultured with a source of natural killer cells and their precursors. Cytotoxic activity, generated during a 4 day incubation period, was assessed by lysis of a rat natural killer cell-sensitive tumour target cell line, y3Ag123. This cytotoxic activity was more fully described as natural killer cell cytotoxicity on the basis of target cell specificity, using a range of natural killer cell-susceptible and -resistant targets. The W3/25-positive T cell, separated from the in vivo primed lymph node cells by nylon wool column elution, antibody labelling and sorting on the fluorescence-activated cell sorter, was shown to be necessary to stimulate the generation of this activity. W3/25-negative cells were not active in this respect. The activation was shown to be mediated via lymphokine(s), probably interleukin-2, present in concanavalin A-induced lymphocyte culture supernatants. These supernatants could be used to substitute for in vivo primed, restimulated W3/25-positive lymph node cells in activating natural killer cell cytotoxicity from normal spleen cells. Nylon wool column-eluted spleen cells, activated in vitro with conditioned medium were separated into OX8-positive and OX8-negative subsets using the fluorescence-activated cell sorter. The distribution of cytotoxic activity related to that of freshly derived rat natural killer cells. PMID- 6232207 TI - Effect of feeding a diet with half of the recommended levels of all vitamins on the natural and inducible levels of cytotoxic activity in mouse spleen cells. AB - Groups of 6-week-old female C57Bl/6 mice were fed a normal diet with recommended levels of all vitamins or a vitamin-deficient (VD) diet containing half of the recommended level of each vitamin. At different time periods (1-11 weeks) after the initiation of diets, basal natural killer (NK) activity, interleukin-2 (IL-2) and concanavalin A (Con A)-induced cytotoxic activity, Con A-induced IL-2 production and levels of allospecific cytotoxic T cell activity generated in a mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC), were studied in spleen cells derived from control and VD mice. Results indicated that: (i) spleen NK activity remained normal until 2 weeks after the initiation of VD diet, fell steeply to low levels at the 4 and 5 week time points and remained depressed thereafter; (ii) IL-2- and Con A induced levels of cytotoxic activity in spleen cells derived from VD mice declined at 4 weeks after the institution of VD diet, and then remained low throughout the study; (iii) the capacity of spleen cells from VD mice to generate IL-2 in response to Con A and cytotoxic T cells in response to allogeneic spleen cells, was normal at 1 and 4 weeks after initiation of the VD diet and was markedly depressed at the 6 and 9 week time points. These results suggest that partial combined deficiencies of dietary vitamins strongly influence assays of immune function. PMID- 6232208 TI - An allospecific murine T helper clone which can help both T and B cell responses in vitro and in vivo. AB - Both B lymphocytes and cytotoxic T lymphocytes respond to signals from the T helper (Th) compartment, and such signals are mediated by a number of biochemically distinct factors. This raises the question whether help for B cells and T cells is a function of one or several different kinds of Th cell. Here we describe an in vitro and in vivo study of this problem, using a Th clone, designated MTH-1. The clone carries the cell surface markers Thy-1 and L3T4a, but lacks Lyt-2. It recognizes a minor alloantigen shared by DBA/2, B10.D2 and NZB spleen cells, and such recognition is restricted by H-2Ed. Recognition of antigen in vitro is accompanied by secretion of IL-2. In vivo, both primary and secondary CTL responses to multiple minor alloantigens are enhanced by small numbers (less than or equal to 10(4] of MTH-1 cells. Recognition of alloantigen in a T-depleted B cell population results in the polyclonal activation and maturation of the B cells to secrete immunoglobulin; also, antigen-primed B cells are augmented in their in vivo synthesis of specific antibody to the Thy-1 X 1 alloantigen by around 10(5) MTH-1 cells. Taken together, these results suggest a single Th clone can help both B cells and T cells. PMID- 6232209 TI - The control of antibody diversity during IgM and IgG anti-sheep red cell responses in mice. AB - The isoelectric heterogeneity of both IgM and IgG murine anti-sheep red cell serum antibodies has been examined using an adaptation of published methods. It was found that the IgM spectra were restricted in a characteristic manner, implying oligoclonality. In cell transfer experiments, the T cell dependency of the IgM responses was confirmed. Further, helper cells appeared to switch on IgG antibody production and, simultaneously, recruit many novel IgG-forming clones into the response. The pattern of the IgM oligoclonality was attributed in part to the inheritance of genes at, or closely linked to, the Igl heavy chain locus. These findings are discussed in relation to current research on the regulation of diversity. PMID- 6232210 TI - [Clinical study on the therapeutic activity of a betamethasone dipropionate - iodochloroxyquinoline combination for topical use]. PMID- 6232211 TI - A strong association between the antinuclear antibody anti-La (SS-B) and the kappa chain allotype Km(1). AB - The distribution of immunoglobulin allotypes of the Gm and Km systems was examined in 51 patients with antinuclear antibodies (ANA), which reacted with two saline-extractable non-DNA nuclear antigens, anti-La (SS-B) and anti-RNP, which characterize certain multisystem autoimmune diseases. Forty-six percent of the 26 patients with anti-La were positive for the Km(1) allotype compared with 14% of the 35 with anti-RNP and 16% of 1204 of healthy subjects (corrected P value less than 0.005). The high frequencies of the Km(1) allotype (46%), female sex (100%), and the HLA-B8, DR3 phenotype (greater than 90%) in patients with anti-La are indicative of a substantial inherited predisposition to the development or expression of this autoantibody. The strong association between the Km(1) allotype and the anti-La response may be due to linkage disequilibrium between genes coding for the constant region of immunoglobulin kappa light chains and genes coding for the variable regions of kappa light chains which confer antibody specificity for the special configuration of the ribonucleoprotein known as La. PMID- 6232212 TI - Drug eruptions: an up to date survey. PMID- 6232213 TI - Methodological limitations in case mix hospital reimbursement, with a proposal for change. AB - We have found five methodological limitations in the creation and implementation of the diagnosis related group (DRG) patient classification system, which is used to define a hospital's case mix. There are four methodological limitations in the system that Klastorin and Watts have proposed to identify hospital peer groups. We conclude that the effects of these limitations should be sought, and we propose studies to measure their extent. We also propose that these two approaches can be combined to create an improved hospital reimbursement program that accurately measures differences between hospitals caused by case mix and peer group characteristics. PMID- 6232214 TI - Health care for the indigent: it's everyone's responsibility. PMID- 6232215 TI - A patient mix model for hospital financial planning. AB - A linear programming model was formulated to examine the impact on hospital finances and resource use of changes in patient mix under current and proposed government reimbursement regulations. The model specifically incorporated the costs, revenues, and resource consumption patterns associated with patients drawn from different intensity level and payer class combinations. The necessary data were obtained from financial reports and other records, and the model was used in policy analysis at a major university teaching hospital. PMID- 6232216 TI - The impact of hospital regulatory programs on per capita costs, utilization, and capital investment. AB - Regulatory programs are widely used to exert disciplinary force on rising health care costs. This study assessed the impact of three widely used regulatory schemes in the hospital sector between 1971 and 1977: prospective rate setting, certificate of need, and professional standards review organizations. Strong evidence was found that neither voluntary rate setting nor CON review exerted any constraining effect on costs per capita, utilization, and capital investment. A negative but statistically insignificant influence on costs was documented for mandatory rate setting. A substantial cost moderating effect was, however, documented for PSROs. Utilization review may thus be a useful mechanism to counterbalance the incentive of per case rate setting to increase admissions. PMID- 6232217 TI - Care of the poor revisited. AB - In a keynote address before the AHA Conference on Maintaining Services to the Poor, the author expressed his personal concerns and conclusions about what is happening on the "care of the poor" front in this country. This article highlights those concerns, among them: the preemption of concern for equity in the delivery of health care services by other national priorities; the disinclination of the states to assume the burden of caring for the poor forced on them by the Reagan administration; and the moral and financial dilemma this has placed on health care providers. The author concludes that the trend toward increasing the numbers of for-profit hospitals and preferred provider organizations will only worsen the situation, and that equalizing the charity care burden may best be accomplished in states with regulated systems. He concludes that the issue could reach a political explosion point in this election year. PMID- 6232218 TI - Physician maldistribution in cross-cultural perspective: United States, United Kingdom, and Sweden. AB - Physician maldistribution is a widely recognized problem facing virtually all health care systems. In this study, information from three health care systems- the United States, the United Kingdom, and Sweden--was used to address two questions: How do organizational features of health care systems affect their ability to deal with the problem of physician maldistribution? What are the effects of physician distribution on the health status of populations? It was found, first, that all three systems perceived similar problems of physician maldistribution and drew on a repertoire of similar solutions, none of which was altogether responsive to the problem. Second, the relationship of physician distribution to health status was found to be ambiguous, with some evidence that physician/population ratios may affect some health measures but not others. PMID- 6232219 TI - Adult day care services in New York State: a comparison with other long-term care providers. AB - In response to the need for the creation of adult health-oriented day care programs, New York State in 1969 enacted the first state legislation and regulations to govern the operation of such programs. This report categorizes existing New York State nonoccupant programs into four types on the basis of the ratio of total ancillary costs to total direct costs and then compares and assesses their costs. Costs and characteristics of registrants in the four nonoccupant models are also described and contrasted. The report then compares the patient characteristics and costs of nonoccupant programs with those of the most similar long-term care providers in the state, namely, certified home health agencies and health-related facilities. PMID- 6232220 TI - Spatial patterns of hospital utilization: the impact of distance and time. AB - Although the impact of the physical proximity of health care facilities on utilization in rural areas is well established, its effect in metropolitan areas is still subject to question. This paper develops a spatial demand model of hospital choice to empirically estimate the impacts of distance and time on hospital utilization patterns. With a cross-product ratio estimation approach, the effects of physical access are estimated after controlling for spatial irregularities owing to the distribution of hospitals and population in metropolitan areas. The empirical results suggest that distance and time factors strongly influence hospital choice, even in metropolitan areas where alternatives are widely available, and that their effects vary across service classifications and hospitals. PMID- 6232221 TI - Transduction of effector-suppressor T cells by an antigen-specific suppressor T cell factor and Lyt-1+,2+,3+ T cells. AB - The cellular consequences in the suppression of IgG antibody formation initiated by an antigen-specific suppressor T cell factor (TsF) were investigated. The initial step of the suppression is the production of TsF by Lyt-2+,3+ T cells (Tsi) which activates Lyt-1+,2+,3+ acceptor T cells in the nylon wool-adherent T cell population. The activated Lyt-1+,2+,3+ T cells further generate a new effector-suppressor T cell ( Tse ) that belongs to the Lyt-2+,3+ T cell subset in the culture of nylon-adherent T cells with antigen. The Tse thus induced directly suppresses the responses mounted by B cells and nylon column-purified helper T cells in the absence of TsF. The origin of Tse was further examined by utilizing Lyt congeneic mice. The result indicates that Lyt-1+,2+,3+ acceptor T cells themselves do not differentiate into Lyt-2+,3+ Tse with losing Lyt-1 phenotype but facilitate the transduction of Tse from a preexisting precursor pool. These cellular interactions strongly suggest that Lyt-1+,2+,3+ T cells play a decisive role in an amplification of immunoregulation. PMID- 6232222 TI - The microvasculature of the hamster cheek pouch as a model for studying acute immune-complex-induced inflammatory reactions (with 1 color plate). AB - The acute microvascular reactions induced by immune complexes were studied. Hamster cheek pouch preparations of ovalbumin (OA)-immunized animals were topically exposed to different doses of OA (0.1, 1, 10 or 100 micrograms/ml). Fluorescein-isothiocyanate-labelled dextran (FITC-dextran, molecular weight 150,000) was injected intravenously as a macromolecular tracer. The microvascular alterations observed upon exposure to OA ranged, in a dose dependent way, from a mild vasoconstriction and reversible vascular leakage from postcapillary venules exhibited by 0.1 micrograms/ml OA, to a severe long-lasting vasoconstriction, platelet aggregation, stasis, leukocyte accumulation in venules and prolonged vascular leakage from venules seen after exposure to 100 micrograms/ml OA. Exposure of immunized animals to 100 micrograms/ml fluorescein-labelled OA (FITC OA) resulted in deposition of FITC-OA at the walls of small venules, indicating immune complex formation at these sites. A more diffuse pattern of FITC-OA localization at venules was seen with 10 micrograms/ml FITC-OA, which may possibly indicate formation of smaller more soluble immune complexes with lower doses of OA. The intravital model used in this study forms a basis for studying immunologically induced acute inflammatory reactions at the microvascular level. PMID- 6232223 TI - Suppression of mixed lymphocyte culture by uremic adherent spleen cells and peritoneal macrophages is dependent on a cyclophosphamide-sensitive cell. AB - A model of experimentally induced uremia in the rat has been used to study the effect of uremia on the response of spleen cells to alloantigens. The proliferative ability of uremic spleen cells in mixed lymphocyte culture is significantly suppressed when compared to that of cells from control animals. This suppression appears to be due to both adherent suppressor cells which can be eliminated by adherence to rayon wool and to the inability of uremic T cells to respond to alloantigens. In addition, unstimulated peritoneal macrophages ( PMO ) obtained from uremic rats were also shown to be suppressive to the response of control spleen cells to alloantigens. The suppression by uremic adherent spleen cells and PMO is regulated by cyclophosphamide-sensitive cells. PMID- 6232224 TI - Preparation, analysis and application of [99mTc]Human Albumin Microspheres ([99mTc]HAM) for lung scanning. AB - Kits were developed for the sterile labelling of Human Albumin Microspheres with 99mTc. The microspheres were prepared, sieved to get the desired particle size and autoclaved for sterilization. The spheres were treated with stannous chloride and the pH of the suspension was adjusted to 3.7 with phosphate buffer. After freeze-drying the contents of single reaction vials from different batches were reacted with 99mTc and the radiochemical yield (higher than 97%) was determined. The HAM kits were stable and the stability of [99mTc]HAM was followed for 5 h. Lung and liver uptake in mice was determined to be about 90 and 1% respectively. The preparation of [99mTc]HAM is performed in a single step process and excellent human lung scans were obtained. PMID- 6232225 TI - Atrioventricular septal defect with intact atrial and ventricular septal structures. AB - A heart with an atrioventricular septal defect is characterized by absence of the atrioventricular muscular and membranous septa, a common atrioventricular junction, an unwedged position of the aortic valve annulus and disproportionate inlet--outlet dimensions of the ventricular septum. The clinical and post-mortem findings are described of a case which had intact atrial and ventricular septa but had all the other anatomical hallmarks of atrioventricular septal defect. The problems in clinical diagnosis may be overcome by cross-sectional echocardiography. PMID- 6232226 TI - Intravenous short-term infusion of streptokinase in acute myocardial infarction. PMID- 6232227 TI - Families' perceptions of services for handicapped children. PMID- 6232228 TI - Direct instruction research in Australia: hard to teach and regular learners. PMID- 6232229 TI - Employment opportunities for physically disabled people in computing in Britain. PMID- 6232230 TI - The integration of physically handicapped students into 'gymnasium' (high school). PMID- 6232231 TI - Body awareness, communication and development: a programme employing music with the profoundly handicapped. PMID- 6232233 TI - Further education for the handicapped. PMID- 6232232 TI - Advancement of very severely handicapped children. PMID- 6232234 TI - Social responsibility for the care of dependency groups. PMID- 6232235 TI - Repair of damage in double-stranded phi X174 (RF) DNA due to radiation-induced water radicals. AB - Experiments in which the yields of radiation-induced OH and H radicals were varied, showed that both types of water radicals inactivate phi X174 RF DNA to about the same extent as measured by transfection of the (irradiated) DNA to E. coli wild-type spheroplasts. On the other hand, using spheroplasts prepared from E. coli strains, deficient in one of the proteins involved in excision DNA repair (uvrA- or uvrC-) or in post-replication repair (recA-), clear differences between damage originating from OH or H radical attack were found. Part of the radiation damage due to H radicals appeared to be repairable by an uvrA-gene-dependent repair mechanism, whereas this repair pathway does not play an important role in the case of OH radical damage. The reverse applies to uvrC-gene-dependent repair, which only affects OH radical damage (obtained under anoxic conditions), but has no influence on damage due to H radicals. Irradiation of double-stranded phi X174 (RF) DNA in the presence of oxygen however, yields damage--due to OH radicals only--which appeared not to be sensitive to either uvrC- or uvrA-gene-dependent repair. Furthermore, post-replication repair (recA) has only very little effect on the amount of inactivation by H or OH radicals, when irradiation is carried out under anoxic conditions. We did not find significant inactivation due to hydrated electrons, whether the biological activity was determined by use of wild type spheroplasts or of strains deficient in excision or post-replication repair proteins. PMID- 6232236 TI - ATPases in mitotic spindles. PMID- 6232238 TI - [Differential diagnostic evaluation of inflammatory and non-inflammatory myocardial diseases]. PMID- 6232237 TI - [Physiology and physiopathology of the immune system]. PMID- 6232239 TI - A lipid peroxidative mechanism for posterior subcapsular cataract formation in the rabbit: a possible model for cataract formation in tapetoretinal diseases. AB - Posterior subcapsular cataracts developed in rabbits following injection of docosahexenoic acid. Autoxidation of docosahexenoic acid in rabbit vitreous was demonstrated by the formation of malondialdehyde and vitreous fluorescence. The onset of posterior subcapsular cataract formation was temporally correlated with declining levels of vitreous malondialdehyde. PMID- 6232240 TI - T helper/suppressor ratio and acute attacks in multiple sclerosis. PMID- 6232241 TI - The effect of experimental conditions on the assessment of T cell immunomodulation by biological response modifiers (thymosin fraction five). AB - The coculture of spleen cells with specific antigens in the presence of thymosin fraction five (F5) results in the stimulation of the lymphocyte response. To observe the stimulation, a suboptimal responder-to-stimulator ratio must be utilized. Suboptimal assay conditions also are needed in immunization challenge studies in which thymosin F5 acts as an effective immunoadjuvant. The data reported here suggest that to study the efficiency of a biological response modifier, suboptimal assay conditions are best for observation of immunomodulation. We also report that thymosin F5, in addition to exhibiting adjuvantlike activity for T cells, is stimulatory in assays of mixed lymphocyte response and in the in vitro stimulation of cytotoxic T effector cells, following a mixed lymphocyte-tumor culture. PMID- 6232242 TI - Suppression of polyclonal, tumor cell and alloantigen-induced proliferation: identification of cyclooxygenase pathway dependent and independent mechanisms. AB - Polyclonal T cell activation, syngeneic tumor cell and alloantigen-induced proliferative responses were studied to determine if the regulation of these responses in normal and tumor-bearing NBR rats is mediated through products of the cyclooxygenase pathway and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in particular. Young rats and tumor-bearing rats have previously been shown to produce poor proliferative responses to PHA, Con A and syngeneic methylcholanthrene (MCA)-induced fibrosarcoma cells. The poor responses to PHA and Con A are mediated by PGE2 in unfractionated ( UNF ) and nylon wool adherent (ADH) cells. The same relationship was also established in the mixed leukocyte tumor cell (MLTC) response to MCA tumor cells although it appears to be of only minor significance as the enhancement following indomethacin (IND) treatment is still a relatively poor response. Indomethacin generally had no effect on the proliferative responses of tumor-bearing animals indicating that the suppression was not mediated through the cyclooxygenase pathway. We have also extended a previous observation in which UNF cells were found to be unresponsive to alloantigen stimulation. This suppression does not appear to be mediated through cyclooxygenase products as IND treatment does not enhance the UNF response although it does enhance the ADH response. These data indicate that a complex network of cyclooxygenase dependent and independent regulation exists in normal and tumor-bearing NBR rats. PMID- 6232243 TI - The case of Baby Jane Doe. 2. Baby Jane Doe in the courts. PMID- 6232244 TI - Comparison of histophotometric and biochemical myosin-ATPase estimations. PMID- 6232245 TI - A mouse monoclonal antibody detecting a DR-related MT2-like specificity: serology and biochemistry. AB - A mouse monoclonal antibody (7.3.19.1) was produced which reacts with class II molecules on B cells and monocytes of DR3, DR5, and/or DRw6 positive donors only. Using this moab and two others, three different groups of class II molecules could be identified. Furthermore, a differential precipitation pattern was found which correlates with a DR-related variable expression of the MT2-like polymorphic determinants on the cell surface. Addition of 7.3.19.1 to MLCs did not result in significant inhibition in controls to the two other moabs tested. Normal CTL activity was found in such a stimulated responder population. PMID- 6232246 TI - Cerebellar functions in motor control. AB - How does the cerebellum help to harness the machinery of movement to the intent of the individual, or how is motor "set" implemented? Cerebellar guidance is essential for this purpose, and there is growing agreement that this guidance is based on comparisons of intended and ongoing motor activity. Surprisingly little information exists however, on how guidance is translated into muscle action. Three cerebellar contributions to motor control are considered: Conveyance of set (implemention of motor programs), adaptibility of implementing set under changed conditions (plasticity), and incidental adjustment to circumstances of the moment (ongoing control). Current evidence is examined and found largely negative as to whether these cerebellar functions are carried out through modulation of alpha gamma coactivation, with the possible exception of the fine control of learned movements. PMID- 6232247 TI - It's their decision now: perspectives of chronically disabled adolescents concerning surgery. PMID- 6232248 TI - Health professionals' patterns of communication: cross-purpose or problem solving? AB - Problem-solving communication is characterized by a high quality and mutually acceptable solutions where facts and feelings are reported and feedback given without judgment and accusation. Problem solving is an ideal model in a helping relationship. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the interactions between parents of handicapped children and health professionals are conducive to problem solving. Clinical data were obtained during regularly scheduled appointments in the form of audiotaped interviews using 37 parent-allied health professional dyads and 37 parent-physician dyads. A 6-minute sample was selected from each interview tape, coded at 3-second intervals, transcribed into the class of communication behavior, and analyzed by professionally trained coders, using the Sequential Analysis of Verbal Interaction (SAVI). The major finding was that parents of handicapped children displayed different messages and verbal behaviors from physicians and allied health professionals. The communication for all three groups was not of a problem-solving pattern that could be described as interpersonal and goal oriented talk, but was of a cross-purpose pattern that may be described as noninterpersonal and non-goal oriented conversation. The conclusion was that efforts must be directed toward early practical training in interpersonal skills for allied health professionals and physicians. PMID- 6232249 TI - Studies on the poll glands of the one-humped camel in relation to reproductive activity. I. Seasonal morphological and histochemical changes. AB - The poll glands of the camel have been studied histologically and histochemically. An active gland, as observed between September and March, with a peak period in November and December, consists of sharply demarcated lobules separated by thin strands of connective tissue. Alveoli and proximal parts of excretory ducts are either lined with flat/simple cuboidal epithelium or with tall cells possessing distal protruding tips almost occluding the lumina; both segments, i.e. alveolus and proximal part of excretory duct, are therefore secretory. In the inactive gland there is an apparent increase in the interlobular stroma with massive deposition of collagenous fibres. The alveoli are lined with squamous to low columnar epithelium. The structural appearance in the castrate animal is essentially the same as that of the inactive gland except for its remarkable amount of interlobular tissue. Both delta 5-3 beta- and 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases have been demonstrated histochemically in the secretory portions of the gland. Their activity is restricted to the period between September and March and is comparatively highest during November and December. It is concluded that the morphological, enzymatic and secretory activities of the poll gland are correlated with testicular activity and rutting behaviour. It is suggested that the poll glands could be a source of sex pheromones. PMID- 6232250 TI - The sensory and motor innervation of muscle spindles in cat tail dorsolateral muscles. AB - The sensory and motor innervation of a sample of 202 muscle spindles from the dorsolateral tail muscles of eight cats were studied by silver and gold staining techniques. The range of diameters of Group Ia afferent nerve fibres to primary (P) sensory endings was 2.0-14.0 micron with a peak at 8.5 micron. The range of Group II fibres to secondary (S) sensory endings was 2.0-8.5 micron with a peak at 5.0 micron. In a sample of 234 spindle capsules, 171 (84.2%) were single capsule spindles and 31 (15.8%) were tandem spindles. With respect to the sensory endings of single capsule spindles, 19.7% showed only a P-ending, 32.5% had an additional S-ending and 15.8%, 3.0% and 2.1% had two, three and four S-endings, respectively. In the tandem spindle capsules, 0.8% of the larger proximal capsules showed only a P-ending, 5.1% had an additional S-ending and 4.7%, 2.6% and 0.4% had two, three and four S-endings, respectively. In the 31 tandem spindles, one of which had a triple capsule, there were 14 types of sensory ending combination in the proximal and distal capsules. The most common (44.4%) innervation was by a P-ending only, while 27.0% had an additional S-ending and 17.5%, 9.5% and 1.6% had two, three and four S-endings, respectively. Of the distal capsules, 92.9% showed only a P-ending. There were three types of motor nerve ending, namely the p1-plate, the p2-plate and the trail (tr) ending, in spindle polar regions. Spindle poles without a motor innervation also occurred. There were 16 types of motor ending combination in the two polar regions of muscle spindles. The most common type of combination was the trp2-ending (41.8%), receiving an average of 5.8 fusimotor fibre branches and the next common was the tr-ending only (38.7%), innervated by an average of 3.2 fibres. The least common combination was with the p1-plate ending (9.5%), receiving an average of 6.9 fibres. The mean number of fusimotor fibre branches per spindle pole was 4.2. PMID- 6232251 TI - The clinical evaluation of body fat. PMID- 6232252 TI - Torsion of the cord in the newborn. PMID- 6232253 TI - Hypotonia and weakness in children. PMID- 6232254 TI - Detection of breast cancer in the asymptomatic woman. PMID- 6232255 TI - The patch test. PMID- 6232256 TI - Syncope in the elderly. PMID- 6232257 TI - Caudal epidural injections in treatment of lumbo-sciatic syndrome. PMID- 6232258 TI - Effect of growth temperature on the acquisition of iron by Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli. AB - We have examined the effect of growth temperature on three systems normally induced under conditions of iron limitation: synthesis of the siderophore enterochelin (enterobactin), transport of ferric enterochelin, and production of the outer membrane protein which serves as the colicin I receptor. We found that although Salmonella typhimurium produces less enterochelin when grown at 42 degrees C, synthesis of this siderophore was not diminished in Escherichia coli grown under the same conditions. Growth at 42 degrees C under a condition of iron stress led to a reduction in the ability of cells to transport ferric enterochelin in both organisms. A two- to threefold decrease in the number of colicin I receptors was observed in cells of E. coli or S. typhimurium grown at 42 degrees C as compared with the number of receptors observed in cells grown at 37 degrees C. The colicin I receptor was shown not to be inherently unstable at 42 degrees C. By using a cir-lacZ operon fusion, it was shown that at least part of the decrease in receptor levels found in cells grown at high temperature was the result of decreased transcription of cir, the receptor structural gene. The effect of growth temperature on these systems was shown to be independent of fur, a regulatory element which mediates their enhanced production in response to iron stress. We suggest that a second regulatory element common to gene products involved in iron sequestration may be responsible for temperature regulation of these systems. PMID- 6232259 TI - Insertion and fate of the cell wall in Bacillus subtilis. AB - Cell wall assembly was studied in autolysin-deficient and -sufficient strains of Bacillus subtilis. Two independent probes, one for peptidoglycan and the other for surface-accessible teichoic acid, were employed to monitor cell surface changes during growth. Cell walls were specifically labeled with N-acetyl-D [3H]glucosamine, and after growth, autoradiographs were prepared for both cell types. The locations of silver grains revealed that label was progressively lost from numerous sites on the cell cylinders, whereas label was retained on the cell poles, even after several generations. In the autolysin-deficient and chain forming strain, it was found that the distance between densely labeled poles approximately doubled after each generation of growth. In the autolysin sufficient strain, it was found that the numbers of labeled cell poles remained nearly constant for several generations, supporting the premise that completed septa and poles are largely conserved during growth. Fluorescein-conjugated concanavalin A was also used to determine the distribution of alpha-D glucosylated teichoic acid on the surfaces of growing cells. Strains with temperature-sensitive phosphoglucomutase were used because in these mutants, glycosylation of cell wall teichoic acids can be controlled by temperature shifts. When the bacteria were grown at 45 degrees C, which stops the glucosylation of teichoic acid, the cells gradually lost their ability to bind concanavalin A on their cylindrical surfaces, but they retained concanavalin A reactive sites on their poles. Discrete areas on the cylinder, defined by the binding of fluorescent concanavalin A, were absent when the synthesis of glucosylated teichoic acid was inhibited during growth for several generations at the nonpermissive temperature. When the mutant was shifted from a nonpermissive to a permissive temperature, all areas of the cylinder became able to bind the labeled concanavalin A after about one-half generation. Old cell poles were able to bind the lectin after nearly one generation at the permissive temperature, showing that new wall synthesis does occur in the cell poles, although it occurs slowly. These data, based on both qualitative and quantitative experiments, support a model for cell wall assembly in B. subtilis, in which cylinders elongate by inside-to-outside growth, with degradation of the stress-bearing old wall in wild-type organisms. Loss of wall material, by turnover, from many sites on the cylinder may be necessary for intercalation of new wall and normal length extension. Poles tend to retain their wall components during division and are turned over much more slowly. PMID- 6232260 TI - Facile and gentle method for quantitative lysis of Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium. AB - Garrett et al. (Mol. Gen. Genet. 182:326-331, 1981) constructed strains of Escherichia coli harboring derivatives of plasmid pBR322 that carry the lysis genes (S, R, and Rz) of phage lambda. The plasmid construction placed the genes under control of the lactose operon operator-promotor (and thus of lac repressor). Induction of E. coli strains carrying these plasmids resulted in rapid lysis of the culture unless the S gene was defective, in which case the cells grew normally. A freeze-thaw treatment of induced cells carrying an S- plasmid gave quantitative lysis of either E. coli or Salmonella typhimurium cells under exceptionally gentle conditions. The method was equally effective on exponential phase cells and stationary phase cells and was readily extended to a large number of independent cultures. PMID- 6232261 TI - Mini-Mu-duction as a test for genetic complementation in Escherichia coli. AB - In mini-Mu-duction, segments of host DNA bracketed between two copies of an internally deleted Mu phage (a mini-Mu) can be packaged within Mu phage particles. Upon infection of a second host strain, the DNA injected by these particles can insert into the chromosomal DNA in a reaction catalyzed by the phage A gene product (transposase), which is independent of homologous recombination. This results in a partially diploid host strain in which the duplicated host DNA is bracketed by two copies of the mini-Mu phage (Faelen et al., Mol. Gen. Genet. 176:191-197, 1979). The frequency of mini-Mu-duction reported previously was low (10(-8) to 10(-9) per recipient cell) thus limiting its use to rather stable mutational lesions. I have increased the frequency of mini-Mu-duction 10- to 100-fold by use of a helper phage lacking the kil gene and by UV irradiation of the phage stocks. I have also shown that mini-Mu-duction is a reliable complementation assay in rec+ as well as recA recipient strains. This genetic complementation test does not require prior gene localization and (due to the extended host range of phage Mu) should be applicable to many enterobacterial species. PMID- 6232262 TI - Physiology of a temperature-sensitive mutant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae defective in phosphofructokinase activity. AB - In this paper, we describe a temperature-sensitive mutant of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae (P5-9) which at a restrictive temperature (36 degrees C) shows a pleiotropic defect for transport of many different metabolites. The temperature sensitivity of the mutant is closely related to a reduction in phosphofructokinase activity. This conclusion is based on the following criteria. (i) Both the primary isolate, designated P5-9 (ts [rho-] Ino-), which is an inositol auxotroph and respiration deficient, and a purified derivative, SB4 (ts [rho+] Ino+ ), which is respiration competent and capable of growing in the absence of inositol, are temperature sensitive for growth and ethanol production in media containing glucose or fructose as the sole carbon source. (ii) The respiration-competent derivative SB4 is not temperature sensitive in media containing glycerol or glycerol-pyruvate; glucose inhibits its growth at 36 degrees C in these media. (iii) Assays of glycolytic enzymes in P5-9 and SB4 extracts, prepared from cells incubated for 1 to 2 h at 36 degrees C before harvesting, show selective reduction in phosphofructokinase activity. Analysis of tetrads derived from the cross of mutant and nonmutant haploids indicates that temperature sensitivity for growth is due to a single gene or to two closely linked genes. The biochemical analysis of spores from seven such tetrads revealed a uniform cosegregation of temperature sensitivity for growth and phosphofructokinase activity. Transport and ATP levels were drastically reduced in SB4 cells incubated at 36 degrees C for 1 to 2 h with glucose as the carbon source, but not when glycerol-pyruvate or lactate was the energy source. Therefore, depletion of energy as a result of phosphofructokinase inactivation appears to be the cause of the pleiotropic transport defect observed in the mutant. PMID- 6232263 TI - Double-blind comparison of the efficacy and safety of nomifensine maleate vs. placebo in depressed outpatients. AB - Nomifensine maleate in doses of 100-200 mg/day was compared to placebo in a double-blind study of 50 moderately to severely depressed outpatients seen in a private practice. Efficacy ratings over the 28-day treatment period revealed significant improvement in the nomifensine group on the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale and Clinical Global Impressions, as well as the Self-Rating Symptom Scale, Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale, and Hamilton Anxiety Scale. These differences in favor of nomifensine were seen as early as Day 7 of treatment and were generally consistent throughout the trial. No clinically meaningful changes in vital signs or laboratory values were found over the course of treatment. Only one side effect, a pruritic rash in one patient, was directly attributable to active drug treatment. The CGI Therapeutic Index revealed a very favorable ratio of clinical benefit to side effects for nomifensine maleate. PMID- 6232264 TI - Isolation of low molecular weight actin-binding proteins from porcine brain. AB - Three new actin-binding proteins having molecular weights of 26,000, 21,000, and 19,000 were isolated from porcine brain by DNase I affinity column chromatography. These proteins were released from the DNase I column by elution with a solution of high ionic strength. They were further purified by column chromatographies using hydroxyapatite, phosphocellulose, and Sephadex G-75. All of these actin-binding proteins behaved as monomeric particles in the gel filtration chromatography. After elution of the three actin-binding proteins, actin and profilin were recovered from the DNase I column with 2 M urea solution. The eluted was further purified by a cycle of polymerization and depolymerization and finally by gel filtration. Little difference in polymerizability was detected between the purified brain actin and muscle actin. After sedimentation of the polymerized brain actin, profilin was purified by DEAE-cellulose and gel filtration column chromatographies. In the assay of the action of these actin binding proteins, the 26K protein was found to cause a large decrease in the rate of actin polymerization, while showing little effect on the extent of polymerization. The 21K protein decreased the steady-state viscosity of actin solution in a concentration-dependent manner irrespective of whether it was added before or after actin polymerization. It reacted with actin at a 1:1 molar ratio. PMID- 6232265 TI - Mg2+-dependent unwinding of DNA by nonhistone chromosomal protein HMG(1 + 2) from pig thymus as determined by DNA melting temperature analysis. AB - In the previous studies with endonucleases specific for single-stranded DNA, we have indicated that the nonhistone chromosomal protein HMG(1 + 2) prepared from pig thymus has an activity to unwind DNA partially at low protein-to-DNA weight ratios (Yoshida, M. & Shimura, K. (1984) J. Biochem. 95, 117-124). In the present work, we have pursued the unwinding reaction by HMG(1 + 2) by thermal melting temperature analysis of DNA, and by investigating the effect of Mg2+ on the reaction. The melting temperature of DNA in the presence of HMG(1 + 2) at low protein weight ratios decreased in 2 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.8, whereas it increased at higher ratios. The depressions of melting temperature by HMG(1 + 2) at low ratios were not observed either in the system of 2 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.8, containing EDTA or in the system containing samples treated in advance with EDTA. An addition of Mg2+ to the system reproduced the depression of melting temperature at low protein-to-DNA ratios as well as the increase at higher ratios. Analysis by Mg2+ equilibrated gel filtration revealed that HMG(1 + 2) is a Mg2+-binding protein. However, the depression of melting temperature at low protein-to-DNA ratios was not due to removal of Mg2+ from DNA by HMG(1 + 2). From these results, it is concluded that HMG(1 + 2) causes a partial DNA unwinding detectable by thermal melting temperature analysis of DNA, and that Mg2+ is necessary for the unwinding reaction. PMID- 6232266 TI - Binding of F-actin to a region between SH1 and SH2 groups of myosin subfragment-1 which may determine the high affinity of acto-subfragment-1 complex at rigor. AB - Covalent cross-linking reaction between SH1 and SH2 groups in myosin subfragment 1 (S-1) by N,N'-p-phenylenedimaleimide (pPDM) was followed by the degree of inactivation of NH4+-EDTA ATPase activity. The rate of the cross-linking reaction decreased to less than a 20th in the presence of F-actin. The inhibitory effect of F-actin was not observed in the presence of MgATP. Binding of F-actin to S-1 was measured using ultracentrifugation. S-1 whose SH1 and SH2 were covalently cross-linked by pPDM or 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) (DTNB) did not bind F actin. After the DTNB-cross-linked S-1 is reduced by dithiothreitol, the ability to bind F-actin is recovered. These results suggest that S-1 has a binding site for F-actin in the region between SH1 and SH2. This site appears to determine the high affinity of acto-S-1 complex at the rigor while decreasing the affinity more than 10(2) times in the presence of MgATP. PMID- 6232267 TI - Studies on the carbohydrate-protein linkage region in bovine corneal keratan sulfate. III. Evidence for a biantennary structure. AB - Peptidokeratan sulfates were retained by a concanavalin A-Sepharose column and readily eluted with 20 mM methyl alpha-D-mannoside from the column. Linkage region-enriched glycopeptides, prepared by endo-beta-galactosidase digestion of the peptidokeratan sulfates, behaved similarly to the peptidokeratan sulfates on the same affinity chromatography. Further, behaviors of both the peptidokeratan sulfates and the linkage region-enriched glycopeptides on pea lectin-Agarose columns were consistent with the results of the chromatography on concanavalin A Sepharose. These findings confirmed the typical biantennary structure previously suggested for the linkage region on the basis of structural studies of the linkage region-enriched glycopeptides. PMID- 6232269 TI - Stoichiometry of mitochondrial H+ translocation coupled to succinate oxidation at level flow. AB - The mechanistic stoichiometry of vectorial H+ translocation coupled to succinate oxidation by rat liver mitochondria in the presence of a permeant cation has been determined under level flow conditions with a membraneless fast responding O2 electrode kinetically matched with a glass pH electrode. The reactions were initiated by rapid injection of O2 into the anaerobically preincubated test system under conditions in which interfering H+ backflow was minimized. The rates of O2 uptake and H+ ejection, obtained from computer-fitted regression lines, were monotonic and first order over 75% of the course of O2 consumption. Extrapolation of the observed rates to zero time, at which zero delta mu H+ and thus level flow prevails, yielded vectorial H+/O flow ratios above 7 and closely approaching 8. The mitochondria undergo no irreversible change and give identical H+/O ratios on repeated tests. In a further refinement, the lower and upper limits of the mechanistic H+/O ratio were determined to be 7.55 and 8.56, respectively, from plots of the rates of O2 uptake versus H+ ejection at increasing malonate and increasing valinomycin concentrations, respectively. It is therefore concluded that the mechanistic H+/O ratio for energy-conserving sites 2 + 3 is 8, in confirmation of earlier measurements. KCl concentration is critical for maximal observed H+/O ratios. Optimum conditions and possible errors in determination of mechanistic H+/O translocation ratios are discussed. PMID- 6232268 TI - Voltage-driven ATP synthesis by beef heart mitochondrial F0F1-ATPase. AB - The F0F1-ATPase of the inner mitochondrial membrane catalyzes the conversion of a proton electrochemical energy into the chemical bond energy of ATP (Boyer, P.D., Chance, B., Ernster, L., Mitchell, P., Racker, E., and Slater, E.C. (1977) Annu. Rev. Biochem. 46, 955-1026). To assess the role of the membrane potential (delta psi) in this process and to study the effect of very short pulses on ATP synthesis, we employed a high voltage pulsation method (Kinosita, K., and Tsong, T.Y. (1977) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 74, 1923-1927) to induce a delta psi of controlled magnitude and duration in a suspension of submitochondrial particles and F0F1-ATPase vesicles. Cyanide-treated submitochondrial particles were exposed to electric pulses of 10-30 kV/cm of magnitude (generating a peak delta psi of 150-450 mV) and 1-100 microseconds duration. Net [32P]ATP synthesis from [32P]Pi and ADP was observed with maximal values of 410 pmol/mg X pulse for a 30 kV/cm 100-microseconds pulse. This corresponds to a yield of 10-12 mol of ATP per mol of F0F1 complex per pulse. As many as 4 nmol/mg were produced after pulsing the same sample 8 times. By varying the ionic strength of the suspending medium, and consequently the pulse width, it is clearly shown that the synthesis was electrically driven and did not correlate with Joule heating of the sample. Titrations using specific inhibitors and ionophores were performed. The voltage induced ATP synthesis was 50% inhibited by 0.11 microgram/mg of oligomycin and 2.4 nmol/mg of N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide. Ionophores and uncouplers had varying degrees of inhibition. The dependence of ATP synthesis on pulse width was nonlinear, exhibiting a threshold at 10 microseconds and a biphasic behavior above this value. Isolated F0F1-ATPase reconstituted into asolectin vesicles also synthesized ATP when pulsed with electric fields. A 35 kV/cm pulse induced the synthesis of 115 pmol of ATP per mg of protein, which corresponds to approximately 0.34 mol of ATP per mol of F0F1-ATPase. This synthesis was also sensitive to oligomycin and dicyclohexylcarbodiimide. The possibility of turnover of the ATPase in microseconds is considered. PMID- 6232270 TI - Comparative Cd-113 nuclear magnetic resonance studies of Cd(II)-substituted blue copper proteins. AB - The 113Cd NMR spectra of plastocyanin (Spinacea), stellacyanin (Rhus vernicifera), and two azurins (Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Alcaligenes faecalis) have been measured after introducing Cd(II) into the blue copper-binding sites. Relative to Cd(C1O4)2 the chemical shifts are 432, 380, 372, and 379 ppm, respectively, all of which are found to be reasonable values for binding sites containing a cysteine thiolate ligand. The 113Cd resonances of the cadmium derivatives of stellacyanin and the azurins are so near the same that the proteins must present very similar metal-binding sites. In contrast the plastocyanin derivative resonates about 50 ppm further downfield which may signal a change in coordination number. The spin lattice relaxation times of the 113Cd resonances are of the order of 0.1 s, and a major portion of the relaxation apparently occurs through the chemical shift anisotropy mechanism. At 13 degrees C the 113Cd resonance of Psuedomonas azurin shifts slightly downfield with increasing pH. This is explained by a small change in the environment about cadmium which occurs as a result of the conformational change that attends the titration of His-35. PMID- 6232271 TI - Target size of calcium pump protein from skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum. AB - The oligomeric size of calcium pump protein (CPP) in fast skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane was determined using target theory analysis of radiation inactivation data. There was a parallel decrease of Ca2+-ATPase and calcium pumping activities with increasing radiation dose. The loss of staining intensity of the CPP band, observed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, also correlated directly with the loss of activity. The target size molecular weight of the CPP in the normal sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane ranged between 210,000 and 250,000, which is consistent with a dimeric structure. Essentially the same size is obtained for the non-phosphorylated CPP or for the phosphoenzyme form generated from either ATP (E1 state) or inorganic phosphate (E2 state). Hence, the oligomeric state of the pump does not appear to change during the catalytic cycle. Similar results were obtained with reconstituted sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane vesicles with different lipid to protein ratios. We conclude that the CPP is a dimer in both native and reconstituted sarcoplasmic reticulum membranes. The target size of the calcium-binding protein (calsequestrin) was found to be 50,000 daltons, approximating a monomer. PMID- 6232272 TI - Renaturation of the allosteric phosphofructokinase from Escherichia coli. AB - The allosteric phosphofructokinase from Escherichia coli has been renatured after complete unfolding in concentrated guanidine hydrochloride. The enzyme regains both its catalytic and regulatory abilities quantitatively. The kinetics of reactivation are biphasic and are consistent with a two-step mechanism in which a monomolecular reaction precedes a bimolecular one. The presence of ATP during reactivation increases the rate at which phosphofructokinase is renatured; the second order rate constant of the bimolecular step increases from about 10(4) M-1 S-1 in the absence of ATP to about 2 X 10(5) M-1 S-1 in the presence of 1 mM ATP. The other ligands of the enzyme have no effect on reactivation. It is tentatively proposed that a folded monomer is the intermediate species which already possesses a functional ATP-binding site and that the rate-limiting association step is the formation of dimeric species. This interpretation is compatible with the known three-dimensional structure of another bacterial phosphofructokinase, that from Bacillus stearothermophilus. PMID- 6232273 TI - Polyphosphate-cation interaction in the amino acid-containing vacuole of Neurospora crassa. AB - The vacuoles of Neurospora crassa, grown in minimal medium, contain a 1:1 ratio of basic amino acids and phosphate, the latter in the form of long-chain, inorganic polyphosphate-P. Vacuoles isolated from cells depleted of polyphosphate retain basic amino acids despite the absence of over 90% of their polyphosphate. Thus, vacuolar retention of basic amino acids is not dependent upon binding to or charge neutralization by polyphosphate. Polyphosphate was found to be the only macromolecular polyanion in vacuoles of normal or phosphate-depleted cells. Gel filtration experiments revealed that about half the polyphosphate of normal vacuoles is bound strongly by vacuolar spermidine, Mg2+, and Ca2+. The polyphosphate thus occupied was not available for basic amino acid binding. We have identified about 90% of the cations of isolated vacuoles; in addition to spermidine, Mg2+, and Ca2+, the cation pool consists mainly of arginine, ornithine, histidine, lysine, and Na+, with a small amount of K+. Isolated vacuoles appear to be almost wholly impermeable to all these ions, and in vivo, vacuoles appear to be highly selective in ion uptake by an active process. The interaction of basic amino acid with the available polyphosphate was found to reduce the chemical activity of the former. In keeping with this effect, cells with abnormally high basic amino acid-polyphosphate ratios displayed greatly swollen vacuoles, indicating considerable osmotic activity of the basic amino acids and their counterions under these conditions. PMID- 6232274 TI - Ca2+-dependent actin-binding phosphoprotein in Physarum polycephalum. Subunit b is a DNase I-binding and F-actin capping protein. AB - Physarum contains at least two distinct DNase I-binding proteins, i.e. actin and Cap 42 (a + b). The latter, a tight (1:1) complex of Cap 42 (a) and Cap 42 (b) (Maruta, H., Isenberg. G., Schreckenbach, T., Hallmann, R., Risse, G., Schibayama, T., and Hesse, J. (1983) J. Biol. Chem. 258, 10144-10150), is a Ca2+ dependent F-actin capping protein. DNase I binds to Cap 42 (b) but not to Cap 42 (a). Consequently, DNase I-agarose was used for an affinity-purification of Cap 42 (a + b), after its separation from actin by DEAE-cellulose chromatography. Cap 42 (a + b) was dissociated into its subunits when released from DNase I-agarose by 8.8 M formamide. The two subunits were subsequently separated from each other on hydroxylapatite. Both Cap 42 (a) and Cap 42 (b) were Ca2+-dependent F-actin capping proteins that cap the fast growing end of actin filaments and block actin polymerization at this end. Like Cap 42 (a + b), Cap 42 (b) required Ca2+ for its capping activity only when phosphorylated. The phosphorylation of Cap 42 (b) was completely blocked by DNase I or a tertiary complex of Cap 42 (a), actin, and Ca2+. Cap 42 (b) is not identical with native (= polymerizable) actin because (i) Cap 42 (b) was unable to form filaments, (ii) the Cap 42 (b) kinase did not phosphorylate native actin, and (iii) fragmin formed a tight (1:1) complex with native actin but not with Cap 42 (b). Although it is unlikely that Cap 42 (b) is simply a denatured form of actin that has lost its polymerizability during the preparation, it still remains to be clarified whether Cap 42 (b) is a nonpolmerizable actin variant derived from a distinct actin gene or a post translationally modified form of polymerizable actin. PMID- 6232275 TI - Effect of modification of sialic acid on enzymic hydrolysis of gangliosides GM1 and GM2. AB - In order to understand the mechanism of action of the activator proteins for the enzymic hydrolysis of GM1 (GM1-activator; Li, S.-C. and Li, Y.-T. (1976) J. Biol. Chem. 251, 1159-1163; for ganglioside designations, see Svennerholm, L. (1963) J. Neurochem. 10, 613) and GM2 (GM2-activator; Li, S.-C., Hirabayashi, Y., and Li, Y.-T. (1981) J. Biol. Chem. 256, 6234-6240), we have studied the effect of chemical modifications of GM1 and GM2 on their susceptibility to the activator assisted enzymic hydrolysis. Chemically modified GM1 and GM2 were prepared by methyl esterification (Me-GM1 or Me-GM2) and reduction (HO-GM1 or HO-GM2) of the COO- group of the sialic acid. Me-GM1 and HO-GM1 could be hydrolyzed by human hepatic beta-galactosidase in the presence of GM1-activator at rates comparable to that of the native GM1. However, in contrast to native GM2, Me-GM2 and HO-GM2 were resistant to the hydrolysis by human hepatic beta-hexosaminidase A in the presence of GM2-activator. When GM2-activator was replaced by sodium taurodeoxycholate, the native GM2 and both modified GM2 could be hydrolyzed by beta-hexosaminidase A. These results suggest that the carboxyl function of sialic acid in GM1 is not vital for beta-galactosidase or GM1-activator to carry out the cleavage of the terminal Gal. In the case of GM2 hydrolysis, the carboxyl function of sialic acid is involved in the interaction with GM2-activator. Our results also indicate that the mode of action of GM1-activator is different from that of GM2-activator and that the action of GM2-activator is different from that of sodium taurodeoxycholate. PMID- 6232276 TI - Assessment of the rate of bound substrate interconversion and of ATP acceleration of product release during catalysis by mitochondrial adenosine triphosphatase. AB - The oxygen exchange parameters for the hydrolysis of ATP by the F1-ATPase have been determined over a 140,000-fold range of ATP concentrations and a 5,000-fold range of reaction velocity. The average number of water oxygens incorporated into each Pi product ranges from a limit of about 1.02 at saturating ATP concentrations to a limit of about 3.97 at very low ATP concentrations. The latter value represents 400 reversals of hydrolysis of bound ATP prior to Pi dissociation. In accord with the binding change mechanism, this means that ATP binding at one catalytic site increases the off constant of Pi and ADP from another catalytic site by at least 20,000-fold, equivalent to the use of 6 kcal mol-1 of ATP binding energy to promote product release. The estimated rate of reversal of hydrolysis of F1-ATPase-bound ATP to bound ADP + Pi varies only about 5-fold with ATP concentration. The rate is similar that observed previously for reversal of bound ATP hydrolysis or synthesis with the membrane-bound enzyme and is greater than the rate of net ATP formation during oxidative phosphorylation. This adds to evidence that energy input or membrane components are not required for bound ATP synthesis. PMID- 6232277 TI - Oxidation of docosahexaenoic acid by rat liver microsomes. AB - [1-14C]Docosahexaenoic acid (n-3) was incubated at 37 degrees C for 30 min in the presence of rat liver microsomes and 1 mM NADPH. The products were isolated using organic solvent extractions, reverse phase, and normal phase high performance liquid chromatography. Isolates were identified using ultraviolet spectroscopy, capillary gas-liquid chromatography, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The major metabolites were: 19,20-, 16,17-, 13,14-, 10,11-, and 7,8 dihydroxydocosapentaenoic acids, 22-hydroxydocosahexaenoic acid, and 21 hydroxydocosahexaenoic acid. The minor metabolites were 17-hydroxy 4,7,10,13,15,19-, 16-hydroxy-4,7,10,17,19-, 14-hydroxy-4,7,10,12,-16,19-, 13 hydroxy-4,7,10,14,16,19-, 11-hydroxy-4,7,9,13,16,19-, 10-hydroxy-4,7, 11,13,16,19 , 8-hydroxy-4,6,10,13,16,19-, and 7-hydroxy-4,8,10,13,16,19 -docosahexaenoic acids. These metabolites of docosahexaenoic acid resulted from four distinct classes of oxidation, omega-hydroxylations, (omega-1)-hydroxylations, epoxidations, and lipoxygenase-like hydroxylations. The similarity of these product profiles to those reported for comparable microsomal incubations with other essential fatty acids suggest that microsome cytochrome P-450 monooxygenases were involved. PMID- 6232279 TI - Water sorption in a bis(GMA)/TEGDMA resin. AB - Some water sorption-desorption properties of a heat-cured copolymer of bisphenol A-glycidyl methacrylate/triethylene-glycol-dimethacrylate [bis(GMA)/TEGDMA] were investigated during three sequential water sorption-desorption cycles at 60, 37, and 60 degrees C. The results showed that the investigated polymer absorbed almost one molecule of water for each bis(GMA)/TEGDMA molecule, causing a volumetric expansion slightly smaller than the volume of the absorbed water. The determined mean value of the sorption and desorption diffusion coefficients for a specific cycle, here named the "true" diffusion coefficient, was about 1.5 X 10( 8)cm2s-1 at 60 degrees C, decreasing to one-third of that value at 37 degrees C. Although there were differences in leaching between the two sorption-desorption cycles at 60 degrees C, no differences in true diffusion coefficients were found during the two cycles at that temperature. However, the sorption process proceeded slower than the desorption process during the first cycle, while the opposite occurred during the second cycle. These variations could be an effect of leaching occurring during the first cycle at 60 degrees C and also the effects of induced swelling stresses on the diffusion process. PMID- 6232278 TI - The structure of mammalian small nuclear ribonucleoproteins. Identification of multiple protein components reactive with anti-(U1)ribonucleoprotein and anti-Sm autoantibodies. AB - The Sm small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs) from mammalian cells have been characterized as containing U1, U2, U4, U5, and U6 RNA associated with some subset of at least 10 distinct polypeptides (called 68K, A, A', B, B', C, D, E, F, and G) that range in molecular weight from 68,000 to 11,000. Whereas this entire collection of snRNP particles is precipitated by patient anti-Sm autoantibodies, anti-(U1)RNP autoantibodies specifically recognize U1 snRNPs. Here, we have performed immunoblots using the sera from 29 patients and a mouse anti-Sm monoclonal antibody to identify which HeLa cell snRNP proteins carry anti Sm or anti-(U1)RNP antigenic determinants. Strikingly, every serum surveyed, as well as the monoclonal antibody, recognizes determinants on two or more snRNP protein components. The three proteins, 68K, A, and C, that uniquely fractionate with U1 snRNPs are specifically reactive with anti-(U1)RNP sera in blots. Anti-Sm patient sera and the mouse monoclonal antibody react with proteins B, B', D, and sometimes E, one or more of which must be present on all Sm snRNPs. The blot results combined with data obtained from a refined 32P-labeled RNA immunoprecipitation assay reveal that, in our collection of the sera from 29 patients, anti-Sm rarely exists in the absence of equal or higher titers of anti (U1)RNP; moreover, (U1)RNP sera often contain detectable levels of anti-Sm. Our findings further define the protein composition of the Sm snRNPs and raise intriguing questions concerning the relatedness of snRNP polypeptides and the mechanism of autoantibody induction. PMID- 6232280 TI - Healing pattern of small caliber dacron grafts in the baboon: an animal model for the study of vascular prostheses. AB - Although dogs have been used widely to study the healing of large caliber synthetic grafts, hypercoagulability probably makes the dog a poor model for studies of small caliber vascular prostheses. The baboon's coagulation system is similar to man's, but large caliber baboon grafts were reported to endothelialize rapidly. In this study the healing pattern of 4 mm internal diameter Dacron carotid interposition grafts in baboons was determined using specimens harvested at time points between 2 weeks and 18 months post-implantation and examined with light and scanning electron microscopy. The luminal surface of baboon grafts in the acute healing phase (less than 1 month) was comparable to that reported in the literature for dogs. Baboon grafts did not completely endothelialize until 10 12 weeks post-implantation. For work with small caliber vascular prostheses, the dog appears to have no advantage over the baboon as an animal model on the basis of graft healing. PMID- 6232282 TI - Simultaneous analysis of a new cardiotonic agent, MDL 17,043, and its major sulfoxide metabolite in plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography. AB - MDL 17,043 or 1,3-dihydro-4-methyl-5-[4-(methylthio)benzoyl]-2H-imidazol-2-one, is a new cardiotonic agent being developed for the treatment of congestive heart failure. This communication describes a sensitive and selective analytical procedure for the simultaneous analysis of MDL 17,043 and its major oxidative metabolite in plasma. The method involves addition of internal standard and organic solvent extraction, followed by separation with high-performance liquid chromatography and detection by ultraviolet absorption. The assay has good precision and accuracy. Evidence for the positive identification of the sulfoxide metabolite is also presented. PMID- 6232281 TI - Chemotactic peptide modulation of actin assembly and locomotion in neutrophils. AB - To determine the relationship between the state of actin polymerization in neutrophils and the formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP)-induced changes in the locomotive behavior of neutrophils, the mean rate of locomotion (mROL), the percent G-actin, and the relative F-actin content of neutrophils were determined. The mROL was quantified by analysis of the locomotion of individual cells; the percentage of total actin as G-actin was measured by DNase I inhibition; and the F-actin was determined by fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS) analysis of nitrobenzoxadiazol (NBD)-phallacidin-stained neutrophils. Neutrophils stimulated with fMLP exhibit a change in their mROL that is biphasic and dose dependent. The mROL of neutrophils exposed to 10(-8) M fMLP, the KD, is 11.9 +/- 2.0 micron/min (baseline control 6.2 +/- 1.0 micron/min). At 10(-6) M fMLP, the mROL returns to baseline levels. Stimulation of neutrophils with fMLP also induces action polymerization. Evidence for actin polymerization includes a 26.5% reduction in G-actin and a twofold increase in the amount of NBD phallacidin staining of cells as determined by FACS analysis. The NBD-phallacidin staining is not due to phagocytosis, is inhibited by phalloidin, requires cell permeabilization, and is saturable at NBD-phallacidin concentrations greater than 10(-7)M. The fMLP-induced increase in NBD-phallacidin staining occurs rapidly (less than 2 min), is temperature dependent, and is not due to cell aggregation. Since NBD-phallacidin binds specifically to F-actin, the increase in fluorescent staining of cells likely reflects an increase in the F-actin content of fMLP stimulated cells. FACS analysis of NBD-phallacidin-stained cells shows that the relative F-actin content of neutrophils stimulated with 10(-11)-10(-8)M fMLP increases twofold and remains increased at concentrations greater than 10(-8)M fMLP. Therefore, the fMLP-induced increase in F-actin content of neutrophils as determined by FACS analysis of NBD-phallacidin-stained cells coincides with a decrease in G-actin and correlates with increased mROL of neutrophils under some (10(-11)-10(-8)M fMLP) but not all (greater than 10(-8)M fMLP) conditions of stimulation. Quantification of the F-actin content of nonmuscle cells by FACS analysis of NBD-phallacidin-stained cells may allow rapid assessment of the state of actin polymerization and correlation of that state with the motile behavior of nonmuscle cells. PMID- 6232283 TI - Epidemiological investigation of exfoliative toxin-producing Staphylococcus aureus strains in hospitalized patients. AB - The incidence of exfoliative toxin-producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus was studied. Samples from hospitalized patients of all ages and samples from infants less than 6 weeks old were screened; out of 2,632 coagulase-positive S. aureus strains tested, 6.2% synthesized exfoliative toxin. The clinical features could be assessed in 86 patients harboring exfoliative toxin-producing staphylococci. Skin lesions (pustules, blisters, and bullous impetigo) could be observed only when the exfoliative toxin-positive strains were isolated from the skin. Phage nongroup II strains seemed less skin pathogenic than phage group II strains. Outbreaks and sporadic cases were observed. PMID- 6232284 TI - Interaction of myosin filaments and minifilaments with actin: a comparative study. AB - Various aspects of actin-myosin interaction were investigated using myosin in the form of filaments and minifilaments obtained by dialysis against citrate-Tris buffer or by adding this buffer to performed myosin filaments. Considerable similarities in the behaviour of the two systems were found. (1) Although the minifilaments are soluble structures, they form insoluble complexes with actin, which superprecipitate upon addition of MgATP. Observations in the electron microscope and from centrifugation experiments have shown that the two actomyosin systems undergo essentially similar structural changes during superprecipitation. (2) At low substrate concentrations the rate of ATP hydrolysis in both systems declines with time, which is typical of insoluble superprecipitating actomyosin. (3) In contrast to soluble myosin subfragments, both filamentous and minifilamentous myosin give biphasic actin-activation curves. (4) The Mg2+-ATPase activities of myosin minifilaments and standard myosin preparations at low KCl extrapolate to similar Vmax at infinite actin concentration. Since our values of Vmax for myosin filaments and minifilaments are in the range of those reported for myosin subfragments, the results of this investigation confirm the view that the catalytic properties of myosin subfragments and intact myosin are equivalent. Moreover, the data show that the extent of myosin aggregation in the initial preparations has no appreciable effect on the characteristic features of the interaction between intact myosin and actin at pH 8. PMID- 6232286 TI - An Oculinum report. PMID- 6232285 TI - An in vivo analysis of pancreatic protein and insulin biosynthesis in a rat model for non-insulin-dependent diabetes. AB - The purpose of these experiments was to estimate insulin biosynthesis in vivo in a rat model for non-insulin-dependent diabetes. Insulin biosynthesis rates were determined in 4-wk-old animals that had been injected with 90 mg/kg of streptozotocin 2 d postpartum. Control and diabetic animals did not differ in body weight or fasting plasma glucose. Fed plasma glucose was significantly elevated (186 +/- 13 micrograms/dl vs. 139 +/- 7 mg/dl, P less than 0.05) and pancreatic insulin content was reduced (41 +/- 2 micrograms/g vs. 63 +/- 8 micrograms/g, P less than 0.05) in the diabetic rats. Insulin biosynthesis was estimated in vivo by measuring and comparing [3H]leucine incorporation into proinsulin with that into total pancreatic protein 45 min after injection. Insulin biosynthesis was 0.391 +/- 0.07% of pancreas protein synthesized in control rats and 0.188 +/- 0.015% (P less than 0.05) in diabetic rats. In animals of the same age, the fractional and absolute rate of pancreatic protein synthesis were determined. Total pancreatic protein synthesis was not reduced in streptozotocin treated animals (185.5 +/- 14.1%/d vs. 158.6 +/- 14.9%/d, NS) but was markedly reduced in control rats after a 48-h fast (to 70.8 +/- 5.5%/d, P less than 0.01). Because total pancreatic protein synthesis was not decreased in the diabetic rats, the decrease in the fraction of radiolabel incorporated into insulin seems to represent an absolute decrease in the rate of insulin biosynthesis in this animal model for diabetes. Through RNA blot hybridization with 32P-labeled cloned rat insulin complementary DNA, proinsulin messenger RNA (mRNA) was estimated as the rate of insulin biosynthesis in control and diabetic animals. There was a 61% reduction in proinsulin mRNA at 4 wk and an 85% reduction at 7 wk (P less than 0.001) in the diabetic animals. After streptozotocin injection in neonatal rats, there is marked beta-cell damage and hyperglycemia. Beta-cell regeneration occurs with return to normoglycemia, but with age hyperglycemia develops. The reduction in insulin synthesis and proinsulin mRNA seemed disproportionate with the more modest reduction in beta cell number. The importance of these observations is that, in this animal model, diabetes is associated with a limited ability to regenerate beta-cell mass and to synthesize insulin. The relationship between the defect in glucose-stimulated insulin release and impaired insulin biosynthesis has yet to be determined. PMID- 6232287 TI - Pituitary adenomas. An update on their management with an emphasis on the role of bromocriptine. AB - This article reviews the advances in neurosurgery, neuroradiology, and neuroendocrinology that have altered the management of patients with pituitary adenomas. These benign tumors can produce significant morbidity including loss of vision. Morbidity may be avoided or corrected if available diagnostic and therapeutic options are instituted appropriately. PMID- 6232288 TI - Ischemic optic neuropathy following general surgical procedures. AB - We report three patients who developed symptomatic visual loss following uncomplicated general surgical procedures. All three patients had ocular examinations and visual field deficits consistent with acute ischemic optic neuropathy. All three had hemoglobin levels below normal limits at the onset of visual symptoms. However, none of the patients suffered intraoperative or postoperative hemorrhaging. Ischemic optic neuropathy may occur following general surgical procedures, not complicated by significant hemorrhaging. PMID- 6232289 TI - Downbeat nystagmus. A case report of herpetic brain stem encephalitis. AB - A 35-year-old man with aplastic anemia developed prominent downbeat nystagmus 80 days after receiving an allogeneic bone marrow transplant. A diagnosis of herpes simplex encephalitis was made which was confirmed by positive virus cultures at autopsy 1 week later. Routine pathologic examination of the brain stem revealed no lesions which would explain the downbeat nystagmus. Immunoperoxidase studies, however, revealed virus-infected neurones throughout the brain stem including the nuclei of the basis pontis, the superior olive, and nuclei of the spinal tracts of 5 and 10. The significance of "negative" pathologic brain stem findings in cases of downbeat nystagmus is discussed. PMID- 6232290 TI - Chordoma. AB - Four cases of intracranial chordomas are reported. Intracranial chordomas initially tend to occur with sixth nerve paresis and subsequently with visual disturbance and optic disc changes. Computed tomography demonstrated an isodense mass in one case, a low-density mass in another case, and both an isodense and a partial high-density in two cases. Histopathologically, isodense areas were coincident with regions of compact tumor cells, low-density areas coincided with abundant mucinous intercellular matrices, and high-density areas were coincident with cartilaginous matrices or calcifications. PMID- 6232291 TI - Optic neuropathy and cerebral sarcoidosis. AB - An intracranial mass lesion is a rare, but reported presenting sign in sarcoidosis. A 39-year-old woman presented with a frontal lobe lesion (pathologically a noncaseating granuloma) associated with chronic progressive visual loss and optic atrophy on the right side. High-resolution axial and coronal computerized tomography revealed a parachiasmal density compatible with the clinical course. Clinical suspicion of granulomatous processes and appropriate workup in all cases of optic neuropathy may allow for early medical therapy in such cases. PMID- 6232292 TI - Recurrent multiple cranial nerve palsies (Tolosa-Hunt plus?). AB - Twelve patients with recurrent cranial nerve palsies in whom no focal cause was found were seen during a period of 4 years. The literature is reviewed, and the relationship and similarity to Tolosa-Hunt syndrome is discussed. Early recognition is important since the response to steroids, although not specific, is rapid in most patients, and the prognosis for complete recovery is relatively good. PMID- 6232293 TI - Bilateral Toxocara optic neuropathy. AB - A 14-year-old girl had loss of vision in the right eye and bilateral optic disc swelling. After treatment with oral prednisone, the neuropathy resolved. An extensive evaluation led to a probable diagnosis of Toxocara optic neuropathy. PMID- 6232295 TI - Neuro-anatomical feature photo. Optic nerve. PMID- 6232294 TI - Sixth nerve ophthalmoplegia secondary to a cavernous sinus lesion. PMID- 6232296 TI - Acne and hyperandrogenism. AB - Elevated serum androgen levels have been reported in patients with acne resistant to conventional dermatologic therapy. This study was designed to investigate the relationship between serum androgen levels and the presence of acne in an unselected population of women seen consecutively by a dermatologist for various dermatologic complaints. Elevated serum testosterone levels were associated with acne regardless of whether this was the presenting complaint or an incidental finding. Women with both acne and hirsutism had higher serum testosterone levels than those with acne alone. Higher incidence of irregular menstrual cycles was noted in women complaining of acne. Normal serum testosterone levels were found only in those patients with regular menstrual cycles and the absence of acne or hirsutism. In conclusion, this study suggests that elevated serum testosterone levels are related to the presence of acne. Attention is called to the possibility that acne may be a clinical manifestation of a disorder with systemic and reproductive consequences. PMID- 6232297 TI - Naproxen-induced lichen planus. PMID- 6232298 TI - Drug eruption secondary to trazodone: a recently introduced antidepressant. PMID- 6232299 TI - Keratosis punctata palmaris et plantaris and adenocarcinoma of the colon. A possible familial association of punctate keratoderma and gastrointestinal malignancy. AB - We report a patient with keratosis punctata palmaris et plantaris who developed adenocarcinoma of the colon. Family history revealed at least seven other individuals with punctate keratoderma. The patient's mother had punctate keratoderma and carcinoma of the colon, and his maternal grandfather had punctate keratoderma and carcinoma of the pancreas. This is the third reported family, to our knowledge, in which hereditary palmar and plantar hyperkeratosis appears to be associated with gastrointestinal carcinomas. PMID- 6232300 TI - Olmsted syndrome--congenital palmoplantar and periorificial keratoderma. AB - We are reporting the third case of the Olmsted syndrome, an entity that has received little attention in the medical literature. The syndrome consists of congenital diffuse, sharply marginated keratoderma of the palms and soles, onychodystrophy , constrictions of digits, and periorificial keratoses. Our patient, in addition, had congenital universal alopecia, absence of a premolar tooth, leukokeratosis of oral tissue, and hyperlaxity of the joints. The differential diagnosis includes hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia of the Clouston type, pachyonychia congenita, acrodermatitis enteropathica, keratoma hereditarium mutilans of Vohwinkel , mal de Meleda , and other forms of palmoplantar keratodermas . This patient had originally been reported as having acrodermatitis enteropathica, a condition with which the Olmsted syndrome can easily be confused. PMID- 6232301 TI - Usefulness of ampicillin in the treatment of acne vulgaris. PMID- 6232302 TI - Meeting the health care needs of people with limited access to care. PMID- 6232303 TI - Curricular guidelines for dental hygiene care for the handicapped. PMID- 6232304 TI - Malignant melanoma appearing in seborrheic keratosis. PMID- 6232305 TI - Criteria for successful coronary angioplasty as assessed by alterations in coronary vasodilatory reserve. AB - Currently, the success of coronary angioplasty is defined by anatomic criteria. Because of the known limitations of coronary arteriography, the translesional pressure gradient and coronary vasodilatory reserve were studied in 15 patients undergoing coronary angioplasty with the intent of defining a physiologically successful result. Coronary vasodilatory reserve was measured by a digital radiographic technique that has been previously validated against directly measured coronary sinus flow (r = 0.90, p less than 0.0001). A significant reduction in luminal stenosis from 71 +/- 12 to 34 +/- 11% (p less than 0.001) was accompanied by a reduction in translesional gradient from 47 +/- 19 to 21 +/- 12 mm Hg (p less than 0.001) and an increase in coronary vasodilatory reserve from 1.03 +/- 0.15 to 1.29 +/- 0.13 (p less than 0.001). There was a significant correlation between changes in luminal stenosis and changes in translesional gradient (r = 0.61, p less than 0.05), although a change of 20% or less in luminal diameter was accompanied by no change in pressure gradient. A more significant relation between changes in gradient and in coronary hyperemic reserve existed (r = 0.77, p less than 0.005). The relation was accurate even for small changes in gradient. Because saphenous vein bypass grafts have been shown to increase coronary vasodilatory reserve to at least 1.20, it is proposed that this physiologic criterion be used to define the success of revascularization by angioplasty. In patients in whom this value was achieved, translesional gradient was invariably 25% or less of ostial pressure and 20 mm Hg or less.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6232306 TI - Left ventricular diastolic function in hypertension: relation to left ventricular mass and systolic function. AB - Initial studies of diastolic cardiac function in hypertension demonstrated that slowing of the maximal rate of left ventricular filling occurred before alterations in either ejection fraction or cardiac output. The present study was undertaken to determine: 1) the relation between hypertension, increased left ventricular mass and impaired left ventricular filling, and 2) the correlation between abnormalities in left ventricular diastolic function and its systolic performance. Eleven normal subjects (Group 1), 5 hypertensive patients without evidence of left ventricular hypertrophy (Group 2) and 18 hypertensive patients with increased left ventricular mass by echocardiography (Group 3) were studied by M-mode echocardiography, radionuclide (technetium-99m human serum albumin) first pass technique and gated blood pool scintigraphy. Indexes of systolic function (ejection fraction, maximal rate of ejection and percent left ventricular shortening) were essentially similar in hypertensive and normotensive subjects. No correlation was found between systolic blood pressure and left ventricular mass (r = 0.20, not significant). Maximal rate of left ventricular filling (P dV/dt) and fast filling fraction decreased progressively from Group 1 to Group 3 (2.36 +/- 0.4 [mean +/- standard deviation], 2.17 +/- 0.3 and 1.97 +/- 0.4 s-1, respectively, for P dV/dt and 46 +/- 7, 48 +/- 9 and 38 +/- 11%, respectively, for fast filling fraction); the difference from values in normal subjects reached statistical significance in hypertensive patients with left ventricular hypertrophy. Left ventricular maximal filling rate correlated inversely with left ventricular mass and left ventricular end-systolic diameter (r = -0.74), but positively with left ventricular fractional shortening and ejection fraction (r = 0.70).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6232307 TI - [Thymoxamine and angle-closure glaucoma]. AB - Thymoxamine is a selective alpha sympathetic blocking agent which may be used to stop the mydriasis induces by phenylephrine, ("safe mydriasis"), to differentiate an open but narrow angle glaucoma from an angle closure glaucoma, to treat an acute closure and to induce miosis without shallowing of the anterior chamber before laser trabeculoplasty. PMID- 6232308 TI - Androgen plasma levels in male diabetics. AB - Plasma level of androgens were studied in 47 normal male controls (20-50 yr-old; mean age 38 yr) and in a group of forty-one male diabetics (23-55 yr-old; mean age: 37.5 yr). Of these 36 showed type II and 5 type I diabetes. The results showed that while the mean basal plasma LH was unchanged, there was a decrease in testosterone levels in the diabetics. Moreover, testosterone binding globulin (TeBG) capacity appeared to be augmented and, as a consequence, the apparent free testosterone concentration (AFTC) was markedly decreased. It is interesting to note that the anomalies in androgen secretion observed are rather similar to those found in elderly man and could play some role (with other factors) in the onset of the frequent sexual disturbances in male diabetics. PMID- 6232309 TI - Virilization syndrome in a young woman due to an androgen-secreting adenoma. AB - A virilization syndrome in a normally menstruated 20--year-old woman, due to adrenocortical tumor, is reported. Preoperative basal hormonal study showed normal plasma gonadotropins, androstenedione (A) and cortisol, slightly elevated testosterone (T), markedly increased urinary 17 ketosteroids (17KS) excretion and plasma dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate (DHEA-S) levels. Thus DHEA-S was the major constituent of the androgen excess. Urinary 17KS and plasma DHEA-S did not change after ACTH, whereas increased after dexamethasone (DXM)-hCG administration. PRL and LH responses to TRH and LHRH tests were exaggerated. Echotomography, pneumoperitoneum radiography and selective adrenal venous angiography showed a tumor in the left adrenal gland. After the tumor removal all abnormalities were corrected. Light and electron microscopy showed well differentiation of the tumoral cells with typical ultrastructural characteristics of androgen-secreting tissue. It is concluded that the absence of amenorrhea and of LH suppression does not exclude the possibility of an androgen-secreting tumor. Moreover, the unusual finding of slightly elevated T value may be reported to enzymatic defect at the neoplastic cellular level. Furthermore the paradoxical DXM-hCG androgen response may be due to spontaneous variations in hormone secretion by the tumor or to cell receptors alteration. PMID- 6232310 TI - Pigmentation and lysosomal phenotypes in mice doubly homozygous for both light ear and pale-ear mutant alleles. AB - We have developed a new strain of mice homozygous for mutant alleles at both the light-ear locus on chromosome 5 and the pale-ear locus on chromosome 19. The pigmentation pattern of the double mutants, designated light-pale, is indistinguishable from the parental type. Elevated concentrations of lysosomal enzymes observed in certain tissues of the light-ear and pale-ear singly homozygous mice also are present in the double mutants, and are quantitatively indistinguishable from either parent. Although both mutations have pleiotropic effects on organelles in several tissues, neither locus influences the secretion of pancreatic zymogen granules. The close similarity in phenotypes of light ear, pale ear, and light-pale mice suggest that the le and ep loci encode different subunits of a multimeric protein, and that mutations affecting either subunit result in comparable losses of function. PMID- 6232311 TI - Application of immunoelectron microscopy for identification of T lymphocyte subsets and HLA DR antigen positive cells in tissue. AB - The identification of T lymphocyte subsets by means of monoclonal antisera in tissue has so far been restricted to light microscopic observations on cryostat sections, since the conventional fixatives as formaldehyde, B5, or glutaraldehyde seem to denature the surface antigens. Applying a mild fixative, periodate-lysine paraformaldehyde (PLP), we were able to demonstrate T cell subsets on the electron microscopic level in human tonsils with minimal loss of antigenicity of the surface markers Leu 1, OKT4, OKT8, and HLA DR. The preservation of the tissue could be compared favorably to fixation with glutaraldehyde, and provided an ultrastructural basis to distinguish helper and suppressor cells by morphological features as well. PMID- 6232312 TI - Evaluation of linkage of the human C3b/C4b receptor to HLA. PMID- 6232313 TI - Thymectomized, irradiated, and bone marrow-reconstituted chimeras have normal cytolytic T lymphocyte precursors but a defect in lymphokine production. AB - A model system has been developed to study extrathymic T cell differentiation; mice have been thymectomized, lethally irradiated, and reconstituted with bone marrow cells depleted of Thy-1+ cells. After 8 wk, the spleen cells of these athymic, bone marrow-reconstituted chimeras contain Thy-1+ precytolytic T lymphocytes (CTL) that are able to respond to antigen only if supernatant from Con A-activated T cells is added to culture. The phenotype of these pre-CTL is similar to that of thymocytes, suggesting that they may be immature T cells. Initial evaluation of the CTL repertoire of these athymic mice demonstrated that the CTL generated to trinitrophenyl-modified syngeneic cells are H-2-restricted, and that the CTL generated to alloantigens have many of the cross-reactivities observed in normal mice but not in nude mice. In this report, we demonstrate a helper T cell defect in these thymectomized chimeras. These chimeras lack an Ly 1+ helper cell required for thymocytes to differentiate to CTL. Further studies revealed that when spleen cells from these thymectomized chimeras were stimulated with Con A, they produced normal levels of interleukin 2. However, these splenocytes were defective in the production of another factor needed for CTL differentiation. PMID- 6232314 TI - Modulation of F1 cytotoxic potentials by GvHR: role and mode of action of non-MHC genes that determine the hybrid resistance to GvHR-associated suppression of F1 cytotoxic potential. AB - The resistance of unirradiated F1 mice against graft-vs-host reaction (GvHR) induced by lymphocytes from certain parental strains is apparently a violation of the basic law in classical transplantation immunity. To explore genetic mechanisms of this peculiar phenomenon, GvHR-associated immunosuppression was examined on various kinds of F1 mice undergoing GvHR induced by parental lymphocytes. In F1 mice raised by crossing DBA/2 mice with various H-2-congeneic B10-series strains, parental lymphocytes having non-H-2 genetic background of DBA (DBA/2 and DBA/1) invariably could not induce GvHR-associated immunosuppression, irrespective of the H-2 haplotype incompatibility involved, whereas lymphocytes of the partner parental strain induced the immunosuppression. The number of the relevant loci in the DBA non-H-2 was assessed to be three recessive loci by examination of the capability to induce the GvHR-associated immunosuppression on lymphocytes from individual (B 10.D2 X DBA/2)F1 X DBA/2 backcross mice. On the other hand, in F1 mice raised by crossing C3H/He or AKR/J mice with various H-2 congeneic B10-series strains, parental lymphocytes of H-2k haplotype, irrespective of their non-H-2 haplotype, invariably could not induce the GvHR associated immunosuppression. Furthermore, it was revealed that non-H-2 genes of parental C3H or AKR incorporated in the F1 mice determine the resistance of the F1 mice against the H-2k-induced GvHR. The results of examination of the resistance on individual (B10 X [B10.BR X C3H/He]F1) and (B10 X [B10.BR X AKR/J]F1) mice suggested that three non-H-2 loci of C3H/He or two non-2 loci of AKR/J incorporated in F1 hybrids could determine the resistance of the respective F1 mice. PMID- 6232315 TI - Human suppressor cell induction in vitro: preferential activation by class I MHC antigen. AB - Human peripheral blood lymphocytes heated at 45 degrees C for 1 hr were found to continue to express all the serologically detected class II MHC antigens (HLA DR, MT, MB) but not to stimulate proliferation in primary or secondary MLR. Such cells did, however, stimulate the formation of potent suppressor cells. Three additional stimulator cell models for the presentation of either class I antigen only (purified platelets and purified T cells) or class I antigen plus nonimmunogenic class II antigen (D/DR-compatible cells) gave identical results. Supernatants from cultures stimulated with any of these cell types had significantly reduced IL 2 activity when compared to control MLR. The suppressor cells generated in such cultures were not restricted to the class I or class II MHC antigen of the original stimulator. These data are interpreted to mean that 1) the class II epitopes detected by alloantisera and the epitopes that serve as lymphocyte-activating determinants are metabolically or conformationally distinct, and 2) that presentation of class I MHC antigen alone or in conjunction with nonimmunogenic class II MHC antigen preferentially stimulates the formation of suppressor cells. It is hypothesized that the latter may be an additional mechanism that contributes to the efficacy of matching for class II determinants in human renal transplantation. PMID- 6232316 TI - Preferential elimination of NK and CTL functions by anti-D44 monoclonal antibody. AB - Monoclonal antibodies reactive with T cells at various stages of maturation were used in negative selection experiments to study their effects on NK function in the presence of complement. Anti-D47 and anti-A50, respectively, directed against corticothymocytes and mature peripheral E+ cells were without effect. Anti-D66 reactive with an epitope of the T cell E receptor inhibited up to 60% of NK activity. Anti-D44, which primarily recognizes corticothymocytes and 60 to 80% of the E(+)-PBL was found to abrogate NK activity together with alloreactive CTL reactivity but to leave intact most of the MLR and PHA proliferative responses. Therefore D44 appears as a discrete antigen allowing preferential elimination of NK cells and CTL from PBL. PMID- 6232317 TI - Mechanism of systemic immune suppression by UV irradiation in vivo. II. The UV effects on number and morphology of epidermal Langerhans cells and the UV-induced suppression of contact hypersensitivity have different wavelength dependencies. AB - We previously reported that broad band UV radiation or narrow bands of UV (Hbw 3 nm) of wavelengths 250 to 320 nm cause a systemic suppression of contact hypersensitivity (CHS) in mice, observed when the contact sensitizer is applied to a nonirradiated site. To determine if this effect is associated with UV induced alterations in epidermal Langerhans cell (LC) numbers and morphology, we performed the following study. LC were identified by ATPase staining of EDTA separated epidermal sheets. Electron microscope studies confirmed that this method was a satisfactory indicator of the presence of LC; we found no evidence for LC which did not stain for ATPase in either irradiated or unirradiated epidermis. Mice were irradiated on the back with narrow band UV of peak wavelength 270, 290, or 320 nm. The irradiated skin was excised 24 hr later and was stained as described. The number of LC with ATPase staining dendrites and the number of nondendritic LC were enumerated. We found that UV radiation of 270 or 290 nm caused 1) an alteration in LC morphology (loss of dendrites) and 2) a decrease in the total number of epidermal LC. Both effects occurred in a dose dependent fashion. Previously, these same wavelengths of narrow band UV, but at higher doses, had been shown to cause systemic suppression of CHS. In this study, the doses of 270 or 290 nm UV that resulted in the decreased LC numbers and alterations in LC morphology described above were insufficient to cause systemic suppression of CHS. The converse was found if the irradiating waveband of UV had a peak at 320 nm. A dose of 320 nm UV that caused 50% systemic suppression of CHS had no effect on either the number or the morphology of LC at the site of irradiation. In addition, the number and morphology of LC were unaffected in the ventral epidermis (site of contact sensitization) of mice that had been previously irradiated on the back with a systemically suppressive dose of UV. We conclude: (a) UV-induced alterations in the number and morphology of LC at the site of irradiation are not necessary for the generation of systemic suppression of CHS by UV radiation; this indicates that the initial UV-absorbing event triggering systemic suppression is neither a loss of, nor morphologic alterations to, LC at the irradiation site. (b) A systemic effect of UV radiation on the number and morphology of LC at the unirradiated site of contact sensitization does not occur, and thus is not responsible for the UV-induced systemic suppression of CHS by UV radiation. PMID- 6232318 TI - Identification and initial characterization of concanavalin A- and interferon induced human suppressor factors: evidence for a human equivalent of murine soluble immune response suppressor (SIRS). AB - Human suppressor T cells activated by leukocyte interferon have properties similar to murine suppressor cells activated by interferon or by concanavalin A. Murine suppressor cells release a soluble mediator, soluble immune response suppressor (SIRS), which accounts, at least in part, for suppressive activity in murine systems. To compare and contrast murine and human suppressor pathways, we evaluated the suppression of human polyclonal plaque-forming cell responses by concanavalin A, by leukocyte interferon, and by immune interferon, or by suppressor cells activated by these agents. In each instance, suppressive activity was prevented by levamisole, ascorbic acid, catalase, or 2 mercaptoethanol, agents known to interfere with murine SIRS activity. Furthermore, concanavalin A, immune interferon, and leukocyte interferon induced T lymphocytes to release 110,000 to 150,000 m.w. proteins which suppressed responses only when added early in the culture period. As with murine SIRS, suppression by each of these human factors was inhibited by 2-mercaptoethanol, ascorbic acid, catalase, or levamisole. The reaction of human suppressor factors with H2O2 (10(-6) M) activated suppressor factors so that they suppress responses when added late in the culture period. Human suppressor factors were protease- and acid (pH 2)-sensitive. The similarities between these human suppressor factors and murine SIRS show the existence of a human SIRS pathway. PMID- 6232319 TI - A distinct "slow" cellular pathway involving soluble mediators for the T cell instructed induction of monocyte tissue factor activity in an allogeneic immune response. AB - Allogeneic stimulation of human lymphoid cells initiates a collaborative cellular pathway that relatively rapidly induces in monocytes the synthesis and cell surface expression of tissue factor, the initiating cofactor of the extrinsic coagulation pathway. T cells are required for the monocyte procoagulant generation, because the addition of autologous or allogeneic T cells fully reconstitutes the activity in otherwise nonresponding highly purified monocytes. Despite a strict T cell requirement, only low T cell to monocyte ratios are necessary for maximal PCA response. Our results further demonstrate that the collaborative signal from allogeneically stimulated T cells to effector monocytes is transferred by a soluble mediator rather than direct cell to cell contact. Other aspects of the present study include the observation that among normal peripheral blood lymphoid cells, monocytes elicit the strongest allogeneic PCA response. This response is clearly exceeded by that induced upon stimulation with Daudi lymphoblastoid B cells. Our data demonstrate the existence of a second distinct cellular pathway that mediates the lymphoid procoagulant response. This pathway differs from the previously characterized response to bacterial LPS in respect to: a) kinetics of T cell triggering; b) mediation by a soluble product; c) lack of genetic restriction of T cell; monocyte collaboration; and d) deficient capacity for direct T cell induction of the monocyte PCA response. PMID- 6232320 TI - Interaction of C3 with antigen-antibody complexes in the process of solubilization of immune precipitates. AB - The binding properties of activated C3 to immune complexes were studied by using solubilization phenomenon as a model system. IgG or F(ab')2 immune precipitates were solubilized by the six isolated alternative pathway proteins, and the solubilized complexes were analyzed by SDS-PAGE. As a result of solubilization, we observed some high m.w. bands. Under reducing conditions, the bands with m.w. of 150,000 and 115,000 appeared in the case of IgG and F(ab')2 complexes, respectively. Two-dimensional SDS-PAGE revealed that hydroxylamine treatment resulted in the dissociation of the 150,000-m.w. polypeptide into the C3 alpha-65 and the heavy chain of IgG. Similarly, the 115,000-m.w. polypeptide was dissociated into the C3 alpha-65 and the Fd chain. Therefore, it is likely that iC3b binds covalently to the Fd region of the heavy chain of IgG via an ester bond. Under nonreducing conditions, iC3b-IgG and iC3b-F(ab')2 complexes had apparent m.w. of 340,000 and 270,000, respectively, corresponding to one iC3b molecule bound to one antibody molecule. In addition, a considerable amount of iC3b also binds to antigen molecules via an ester bond. The findings that C3 binds to the F(ab')2 molecules and bovine serum albumin, which contain only a small amount of carbohydrate, suggest that C3 may not bind to the carbohydrate moiety of antibody molecules. Indeed, various carbohydrate molecules did not inhibit the solubilization even at high concentrations. In contrast, acetyl tyrosine having an aromatic ring and a hydroxyl group produced the best inhibition of the solubilization. Furthermore, we demonstrated that generation of C3b in the presence of 3H-tyrosine resulted in covalent binding of the tyrosine specifically to the C3 alpha' chain, indicating that the inhibition of solubilization may be due to the competition between tyrosine and immune complexes for the covalent binding of C3. Thus, it could be concluded that C3 binds covalently to the amino acid residues of antigen and antibody molecules during solubilization. PMID- 6232321 TI - Stabilization of the amplification convertase of complement by monoclonal antibodies directed against human factor B. AB - Three IgM mouse monoclonal antibodies (MoAb), 5B5-A, 2D2-B, and 5B12-A, were prepared by fusion of spleen cells from mice immunized with human B with the SP 2/0 myeloma cell line. They were assessed for their effect on cell-bound and fluid-phase amplification convertases of complement (C) with purified proteins in vitro. 5B5-A and 2D2-B were similar in their effects on cell-bound preformed C3bBb in that they bound to cell-bound C3bBb, stabilized the C3bBb convertase, and rendered the C3bBb convertase relatively resistant to the plasma protein H. These two MoAb were also able to enhance C3 consumption in vitro in reaction mixtures containing C3b, C3, B, and D. At the same time, they presumably stabilized the C3 convertase and caused relative sparing of B hemolytic activity in the reaction mixtures. In contrast, 5B12-A, which also bound to Bb and C3bBb, did not induce any stabilization, but rather caused accelerated decay of cell bound C3bBb. These results indicate that MoAb against B can have C3NeF-like activity. On the other hand, not all MoAb against B have stabilizing activity on the C3bBb convertase. PMID- 6232322 TI - The in vitro induction of delayed-type hypersensitivity to allo-antigens of the mouse. AB - An in vitro procedure has been developed which allows the induction of delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) to major allo-antigens of the mouse. Murine spleen cells cultured with irradiated allogeneic cells develop allo-specific DTH reactivity (DTHR). The variables assessed to provide optimal induction of DTHR were (i) the culture system, (ii) the density of responders and the number of stimulator cells and (iii) the kinetics of induction. The reactivity of the allo specific cells was assayed in 3 different ways in order to select the most sensitive: (i) by local footpad transfer into a mouse syngeneic with the responder cells together with the eliciting (irradiated) antigen-bearing cells; (ii) by local transfer into the footpad of a mouse syngeneic with the stimulator cells, in which the allo-antigens present in the subcutaneous tissues elicit the response, and (iii) by intravenous transfer into syngeneic or allogeneic mice which are challenged 24 h later in the footpad with spleen cells bearing the haplotype of the stimulator. The second assay is clearly the most sensitive (2X that of the first and greater than 20X that of the last). Observations are reported demonstrating the specificity of the swelling reaction. The kinetics of swelling and its T-cell dependence provide strong grounds for believing that the reaction is due to classical delayed-type hypersensitivity. Furthermore the T cells mediating the swelling are of the phenotype Lyt1+ Lyt2(+/-) and Ia- and are radiation resistant, whereas the ability to produce a swelling reaction is sensitive to 1000 rads. whole body irradiation. The system has been applied to determine both the specificity of T cells mediating DTH to major and minor allo antigens and whether cytotoxic T cells (CTL) and DTH-active T cells are always induced under the same conditions. PMID- 6232323 TI - High resolution isoelectric focusing of immunoprecipitated proteins under denaturing conditions. A simple analytical method applied to the study of complement component polymorphisms. AB - A simple analytical method for the study of structural protein polymorphisms is described. It consists of the immunoprecipitation of non-radiolabeled proteins using monospecific polyclonal antibodies followed by isoelectric focusing (IEF) under completely denaturing conditions in vertical polyacrylamide slab gels. The method uses small amounts of sample (usually unfractionated plasma or serum), requires no sophisticated equipment and allows the screening of large numbers of samples with comparatively small effort. This method has been applied in the identification of 2 human complement-component polymorphisms, C4-binding protein (C4-bp) and factor H (beta 1H). PMID- 6232324 TI - Immune responses to hepatitis B vaccine in the mentally retarded. PMID- 6232325 TI - Fever: the old and the new. AB - Early concepts of fever as a major feature of illness range from those of Hippocrates to those present in the Bible and have influenced cultural attitudes during several major European pandemics of both black plague and tuberculosis, the "white plague" of the early 19th century. Evolving ideas of thermoregulation and fever in the 19th century followed the first extensive use of the clinical thermometer by Wunderlich. Experimental studies on the pathogenesis of fever during the last 30 years suggest that fever and certain aspects of both immunoregulation and inflammation are produced by a single hormone, the monokine interleukin-1, which has presumably been selected by evolution to protect the host against infection. PMID- 6232326 TI - Endogenous interferon in Argentine hemorrhagic fever. AB - The induction of endogenous interferon (IFN) was studied in 28 cases of Argentine hemorrhagic fever (AHF), a severe systemic disease caused by Junin virus. Serum samples were taken daily during the acute period, both before and after administration of immune plasma. This form of treatment has been found to reduce mortality when given early in the course of AHF. High titers of circulating IFN were present in the serum samples taken before treatment. IFN titers drastically dropped after transfusion of immune plasma. The antiviral activity was stable at pH 2 and was completely neutralized only by antibodies against IFN-alpha. Thus, we concluded that circulating endogenous IFN in patients with AHF can be considered as typical IFN-alpha. Fever, chills, and backache were associated with the higher levels of IFN. An inverse correlation between days of evolution of the disease and IFN activity was also observed. PMID- 6232327 TI - [Monitoring of the preovulatory follicles--a comparison of ultrasound and laparoscopy]. AB - Accurate prediction of the time of ovulation is important for infertile women considering in vitro fertilization. Preovulatory follicular growth was measured by using ultrasound every 2 to 24 hours and laparoscopic aspiration of the follicular fluid was performed in sixty six patients with clomiphene-HCG cycle. The mature oocyte was examined in aspirated fluid. In ten fertile women with spontaneous cycles, preovulatory follicles were measured by ultrasound and the largest follicular diameter was 18.7 +/- 1.9mm (mean +/- S.D.), of which the growth rate was 1.39mm/day. Follicular diameter was well correlated with the aspirated volume (r = 0.847; p less than 0.001), the largest diameter of the dominant follicle being 28.3 +/- 1.5mm and the second follicle 23.3 +/- 6.1mm. The second follicle grew rapidly after HCG injection and the mature oocyte was collected in spite of rupture of the dominant follicle. The size of the dominant follicle reaching a maximum diameter of 25mm remained almost unchanged for 24 hours before ovulation. The recovery rate of mature oocyte by ultrasound in monitoring of follicles was 87.5%. Ultrasound is a useful technique to use in monitoring follicular growth and ovulation. PMID- 6232328 TI - [Mechanism of inhibition of hypothalamic pituitary-ovarian function in streptozotocin-diabetic mature female rats]. AB - In order to clarify the mechanism of the failure of reproductive function in diabetic rats, the hypothalamic pituitary-ovarian function in streptozotocin induced diabetic mature female rats was investigated. Estrous cycle patterns were disturbed in diabetic rats and these rats showed constant diestrus. In diabetic rats no preovulatory LH or FSH-surge were observed on presumed proestrus, and the number of ovulated ova and the weights of ovary and uterus were significantly less than those seen in control rats on presumed estrus. The response of the pituitary gland to LH-RH in diabetic rats and diabetic castrated rats was not significantly different from that in control rats on diestrous day and castrated control rats, respectively. However, the response of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis to steroidal feedback in diabetic castrated rats was significantly less than that in castrated control rats. The number of ovulated ova and ovarian growth induced by hCG in diabetic rats were also significantly lower than those in control rats. These results indicate that the impaired site in streptozotocin diabetic rats is not the pituitary gland, but the ovary and hypothalamic pituitary function. PMID- 6232329 TI - Effect of crosslinking on the structure of solubilized fibrin degradation products in whole plasma. AB - The purpose of these studies was to establish the validity of 125I fibrin autoradiography--SDS gel techniques for monitoring degradation products from whole plasma or blood clots. These methods can be used to study fibrin degradation not only in patients with congenital factor XIII deficiency, but also in patients with disseminated intravascular coagulation or deep vein thrombosis during the course of thrombolytic therapy. Such an assay might complement existing immunologic techniques to characterize fibrin degradation in vivo by providing an in vitro analysis of the rate and pattern of fibrin degradation in whole blood or plasma. Fibrin degradation was traced by Coomassie blue staining for protein and by autoradiography on SDS-PAGE of degradation products released from a 125I-labeled fibrin tracer. The degradation of non-crosslinked clots from purified fibrin supplemented with plasmin showed a typical release of X, Y, D, and E fibrin fragments. Subsequently, all X and Y fragments were digested to D and E fragments. The degradation of non-crosslinked washed clots prepared from plasma supplemented with plasmin reflected the same pattern. The degradation of non-crosslinked washed clots prepared from EDTA anticoagulated plasma without added plasmin also showed release of X, Y, D, and E fragments. However, in contrast to the non-crosslinked washed clots supplemented with plasmin, there was no additional degradation of the X and Y fragments. These studies established that the pattern of degradation of the 125I-radiolabeled fibrin tracer was similar to that of the total protein released from the fibrin clot as observed by protein staining.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6232330 TI - Repair of aortic root aneurysms with associated aortic valve insufficiency. PMID- 6232331 TI - Mainstreaming isn't just for students anymore. PMID- 6232332 TI - Chiropractic manipulation in low back pain and sciatica: statistical data on the diagnosis, treatment and response of 576 consecutive cases. AB - A chiropractic multicenter observational pilot study to compile statistics on the examination procedures, diagnosis, types of treatments rendered, results of treatment, number of days of care, and number of treatments required to arrive at a 50% and a maximum clinical improvement was collected on 576 patients with low back and/or leg pain. The purpose was to determine the congenital and developmental changes in patients with low back and/or leg pain, the combinations of such anomalies, the accuracy of orthodox diagnostic tests in assessing low back pain, ergonomic factors affecting onset and, ultimately, the specific difficulty factors encountered in treating the various conditions seen in the average chiropractor's office. For all conditions treated, the average number of days to attain maximum improvement was 43 and the number of visits 19. It was concluded that this study provided useful data for assessment of routine chiropractic office based diagnosis and treatment of related conditions; however, further controlled studies are necessary for validation of specific parameters. PMID- 6232333 TI - Adrenal androgen concentrations in endometrium and plasma during the menstrual cycle. AB - Concentrations of 5-androstene-3 beta, 17 beta-diol (androstenediol), dehydroepiandrosterone (DHA) and DHA sulphate (DHAS) were measured in endometrium and plasma from normal premenopausal and perimenopausal women (average ages 37 and 48 years respectively) at different stages of the menstrual cycle. Plasma levels did not vary with the stage of the cycle for any of the three steroids. Mean plasma levels of androstenediol ranged between 2.03 and 2.92 nmol/l for premenopausal women and 1.38 and 1.58 nmol/l for perimenopausal women while mean concentrations of DHA were 20.80-36.41 nmol/l (premenopausal women) and 13.87 19.07 nmol/l (perimenopausal women). The values for DHAS were more variable and ranged between 3.20 and 4.56 and 2.94 and 4.25 mumol/l for pre- and perimenopausal women respectively. In premenopausal women endometrial tissue concentrations of androstenediol and DHA increased three to fourfold in the secretory phase while no increase was observed in DHAS. There was a similar increase in androstenediol but not DHA or DHAS during the secretory phase for perimenopausal women. A significant positive correlation was found for tissue androstenediol and DHA in both groups of women but the relationship between DHAS and the other androgens was significant only for perimenopausal women. We suggest that the increase in androstenediol and DHA concentrations could be due to an increase in a receptor or binding protein, possibly progesterone dependent, present in secretory phase endometrium. PMID- 6232334 TI - Ovarian steroid metabolism and oestrogens in the corpus luteum of the tammar wallaby. AB - Ovaries were obtained from tammar wallabies at various stages of the reproductive cycle to examine the occurrence of oestrogens in corpora lutea, and the synthesis and metabolism of steroids in the corpus luteum and ovarian cortical and interstitial tissues. Corpora lutea contained oestradiol-17 beta and oestrone during embryonic diapause and at all stages of pregnancy studied after blastocyst activation. Aryl sulphatase, 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and 17 beta oxidoreductase were shown to be present in luteal and other ovarian tissues by incubation in vitro with labelled substrates. Aromatase was undetectable in corpora lutea or in interstitial tissue, but was present in the ovarian tissues (including follicles) which remained after removal of corpora lutea. The probable source of the oestrogens detected in the corpus luteum is discussed in relation to their role in the inhibition of follicular development during embyronic diapause. PMID- 6232335 TI - Generation and decay of the immune response to a progressive fibrosarcoma. I. Ly 1+2- suppressor T cells down-regulate the generation of Ly-1-2+ effector T cells. AB - It was shown that the progressive growth of the immunogenic meth A fibrosarcoma in its semisyngeneic host results in the generation of concomitant immunity to the growth of a tumor implant. The generation of immunity occurred between days 6 and 9 of tumor growth and was associated with the generation of sensitized T cells that were capable, on passive transfer, of causing regression of a 3-d tumor in gamma-irradiated recipients. After day 9 of tumor growth, concomitant immunity and the T cells able to passively transfer it were progressively lost, and this was associated with the generation of splenic suppressor T cells able to suppress the expression of adoptive immunity against an established tumor in T cell-deficient ( TXB ) recipients. The T cells that passively transferred concomitant immunity were shown to be of the Ly-1-2+ phenotype, in contrast to the T cells that transferred suppression, which were shown with the same reagents to be Ly-1+2-. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that the progressive growth of an immunogenic tumor results in the generation of Ly-1-2+ sensitized effector T cells that fail to reach a number sufficient to destroy the tumor because their generation is down-regulated by tumor-induced Ly-1+2- suppressor T cells. PMID- 6232336 TI - Generation and decay of the immune response to a progressive fibrosarcoma. II. Failure to demonstrate postexcision immunity after the onset of T cell-mediated suppression of immunity. AB - This study shows that surgical removal of the meth A fibrosarcoma from its semisyngeneic host fails to result in postexcision immunity to growth of a tumor implant unless the host already has acquired a mechanism of concomitant immunity to growth of an implant. Therefore, tumor excision does not cause immunity to be generated but preserves a mechanism of concomitant immunity that already exists and which otherwise would eventually undergo down-regulation under the influence of suppressor T cells. Removal of the tumor after it has grown large enough to cause the T cell-mediated suppression of concomitant immunity does not result in the reemergence of immunity. Instead, the host remains unable to generate concomitant immunity to a second tumor for a long period of time and retains, for at least 31 d, suppressor T cells able to passively transfer suppression to appropriate recipients. Like the suppressor T cells responsible for active suppression of concomitant immunity, the suppressor T cells responsible for "memory" suppression are of the Ly-1+2- phenotype. The results indicate that progressive tumor growth results in a state of immunological tolerance of tumor specific, transplantation antigens that can persist in the apparent absence of tumor antigens. PMID- 6232337 TI - The Fab fragment of a directly activating monoclonal antibody that precipitates a disulfide-linked heterodimer from a helper T cell clone blocks activation by either allogeneic Ia or antigen and self-Ia. AB - We characterize a monoclonal antibody directed against the antigen/Ia receptor of a cloned helper T cell line that induced T cell clone proliferation and T cell clone-dependent B cell proliferation at antibody concentrations as low as 10(-11) M. A Fab fragment of this antibody was not stimulatory, implicating cross-linking of antigen receptors as the primary signal for T cell activation. The Fab fragment inhibited activation of this clone by both allogeneic Ia and antigen plus self-Ia, but not by the nonspecific stimulators concanavalin A and rabbit anti-mouse brain serum. This strongly supports the hypothesis that a single molecule mediates both self-Ia plus antigen and non-self-Ia recognition. This molecule is presumably the disulfide-linked heterodimer comprised of 42,000 mol wt acidic and basic subunits precipitated by this monoclonal antibody. The cell surface and internal precursor forms of this protein are also identified. In addition, the response to allogeneic Ia stimulation was more readily inhibited by the Fab fragment than was the response to antigen plus self-Ia, suggesting that alloreactivity reflects a low affinity interaction with a ligand represented at high frequency on the stimulatory cell. PMID- 6232338 TI - Perceptual-motor processing of phonetic features in speech. AB - Some reaction time experiments are reported on the relation between the perception and production of phonetic features in speech. Subjects had to produce spoken consonant-vowel syllables rapidly in response to other consonant-vowel stimulus syllables. The stimulus syllables were presented auditorily in one condition and visually in another. Reaction time was measured as a function of the phonetic features shared by the consonants of the stimulus and response syllables. Responses to auditory stimulus syllables were faster when the response syllables started with consonants that had the same voicing feature as those of the stimulus syllables. A shared place-of-articulation feature did not affect the speed of responses to auditory stimulus syllables, even though the place feature was highly salient. For visual stimulus syllables, performance was independent of whether the consonants of the response syllables had the same voicing, same place of articulation, or no shared features. This pattern of results occurred in cases where the syllables contained stop consonants and where they contained fricatives. It held for natural auditory stimuli as well as artificially synthesized ones. The overall data reveal a close relation between the perception and production of voicing features in speech. It does not appear that such a relation exists between perceiving and producing places of articulation. The experiments are relevant to the motor theory of speech perception and to other models of perceptual-motor interactions. PMID- 6232339 TI - Expectancy and dual-task interference. AB - This research deals with the relationship between expectancy and attention. In two experiments, expectancy concerning the modality of a probe stimulus was manipulated. In Experiment 1, the frequencies of probes in auditory and visual modalities were varied. In Experiment 2, a cue prior to each trial indicated the relative probabilities of the two types of probes. In both experiments, expectancy effects were observed in a single-task condition during which the subject's only task was to respond to the probes and in a dual-task condition in which probes were inserted in the study phase of a pattern recognition task. If maintaining an expectancy requires attention, then diverting attention from the probe task to the pattern recognition task should have attentuated the effects of expectancy. In fact, the pattern recognition task did not alter frequency effects but did significantly reduce cueing effects. We conclude that expectancy as determined by frequency results from automatic activation, whereas expectancy as determined by cueing involves attention. PMID- 6232340 TI - Must egocentric and environmental frames of reference be aligned to produce spatial S-R compatibility effects? AB - Four experiments were conducted to determine the effects of misaligning egocentric and environmental frames of reference on spatial S-R compatibility effects. In Experiments 1 and 3, subjects looked at two lights that were aligned horizontally, one each on either side of the body midline. They held their head upright or tilted 90 degrees to the left or right. In the upright condition the hands were uncrossed and rested opposite the lights (frames of reference aligned), whereas in the head tilt condition the hands were either crossed or uncrossed but positioned perpendicular to the lights (frames of reference not aligned). Manual choice reaction times to the lights produced spatial S-R compatibility effects that were as large when the frames of reference were aligned as when they were not. In Experiments 2 and 4, which also used upright and tilted conditions, we found generally similar results when the lights were displayed vertically and the hands disposed horizontally. The results indicate that under conditions of head rotation and with stimulus and response arrays perpendicular to each other, spatial S-R compatibility effects still occur. By taking into account both frames of reference, the subject classifies the stimuli as left or right whether they are horizontally or vertically disposed and maps them onto the responding hand, thereby producing the observed compatibility effects. PMID- 6232341 TI - Weight of evidence supports one operation for "ratios" and "differences" of heaviness. AB - This paper investigates an apparent contradiction between recent studies of "ratios" and "differences" of heaviness. Birnbaum and Veit (1974) found a single rank order for judgments in the two tasks, whereas Rule, Curtis, and Mullin (1981), who used a different stimulus set, procedure, and experimental design, reported two orders. To investigate the cause of this discrepancy, the present study manipulated the experimental design using the same stimuli and procedure as Rule et al. (1981). In one experiment (within-subject designs), each subject judged all combinations of the standard and comparison stimulus; in the other experiment (between-subjects designs) each subject received only one standard, and different groups of subjects were given different standards. "Ratios" and "differences" of heaviness were monotonically related for the majority of subjects who judged all combinations of standards and comparisons. Variations in the modulus and response examples did not affect the rank order of "ratios" within subjects. These results suggest that the contradiction in results is due to the difference in experimental design rather than differences in stimuli or procedure. In the between-subjects designs, the rank order of the "ratio" judgments depended on the standards and examples. Both previous and present results are consistent with the theory that subjects use one operation, subtraction, for both tasks and that the judgment function varies with between subjects manipulations of the standard, examples, and modulus. PMID- 6232342 TI - Size and case of type as stimuli in reading. AB - The role of size and case of print have provoked a number of experiments in the recent past. One strongly argued position is that the reader abstracts a canonical representation from a string of letters that renders its variations irrelevant and then carries out recognition procedures on that abstraction. An alternate view argues that the reader proceeds by analyzing the print, taking account of its manifold physical attributes such as length of words, their orientation, shape, and the like. In the present experiments size and case were varied in several ways, and the task was also varied to include both silent reading and reading aloud. Clear evidence for shape-sensing operations was brought forward, but they were shown to be optional rather than obligatory processes, used when it served the reader's purpose to do so. However, it was also shown that such skills, normally useful, could be tricked into operating even when their presence hindered the reader's performance. The conclusion is drawn that reading goes forward in many ways at once rather than through an orderly sequence of operations, consistent with the reader's skills and the requirements of the task. Overarching theories of performance seem premature in the absence of detailed analysis of task components. PMID- 6232343 TI - Convenient fixation location within isolated words of different length and structure. AB - When a word is visually presented in a naming or comparison task in such a way that the eye is initially fixated at different locations within the word, a very strong effect of fixation location is found. The effect appears as a U-shaped curve. Naming time and total fixation time (gaze duration) have a minimum for an initial fixation location between the third and fifth letter of the word (for words that are 5-11 letters long). When initial fixation location deviates from this optimum position, times increase at the surprisingly fast rate of 20-30 ms per letter of deviation. By manipulating the internal lexical structure of the words, we show that at least part of the fixation location effect is caused by mechanisms related to ongoing lexical processing. This is demonstrated by the fact that the fixation location effect takes a different form when the most informative part of a word (as determined by dictionary counts) occurs at the beginning or the end of the word. PMID- 6232344 TI - Form and depth in global stereopsis. AB - Three experiments were performed to investigate the role of vergence and the relationship between form and depth processes in global steropsis by comparing global and classical stereopsis. In the first experiment, the speed of stereoscopic resolution as a function of initial fixation-target distance was measured to discover the role of vergence in stereopsis with the random-dot and contoured stereograms. In the second experiment, the accuracy of form and depth discrimination as a function of fixation-target distance was measured using brief stimulus exposure (150 ms) to examine the nature of form and depth processing in global stereopsis. In the third experiment, the speed of resolving random-dot stereograms in the presence or absence of juxtaposed contoured stereograms was observed to examine the interaction of global stereopsis and classical stereopsis. The conclusions of these studies are summarized as follows: First, vergence plays a critical role in the solution of the random-dot stereograms but not in the solution of contoured stereograms. Second, performance with the contoured stereograms is better than with the random-dot stereograms in terms of both speed and accuracy. Third, in random-dot stereograms, discrimination of form is independent of and more accurate than discrimination of depth. Fourth, again for random-dot stereograms, the disparity of target relative to fixation systematically affects discrimination of form but not discrimination of depth. Fifth, a rapid reduction in reaction time over practice occurs for both types of stereograms. Finally, strong interference with the solution of the random-dot stereograms by the monocular contour occurs when the two kinds of stimuli are present simultaneously. PMID- 6232345 TI - On the ability to inhibit simple and choice reaction time responses: a model and a method. AB - This article reports four experiments on the ability to inhibit responses in simple and choice reaction time (RT) tasks. Subjects responding to visually presented letters were occasionally presented with a stop signal (a tone) that told them not to respond on that trial. The major dependent variables were (a) the probability of inhibiting a response when the signal occurred, (b) mean and standard deviation (SD) of RT on no-signal trials, (c) mean RT on trials on which the signal occurred but subjects failed to inhibit, and (d) estimated RT to the stop signal. A model was proposed to estimated RT to the stop signal and to account for the relations among the variables. Its main assumption is that the RT process and the stopping process race, and response inhibition depends on which process finishes first. The model allows us to account for differences in response inhibition between tasks in terms of transformations of stop-signal delay that represent the relative finishing times of the RT process and the stopping process. The transformations specified by the model were successful in group data and in data from individual subjects, regardless of how delays were selected. The experiments also compared different methods of selecting stop signal delays to equate the probability of inhibition in the two tasks. PMID- 6232346 TI - Effects of intrahemispheric interference on reaction times to lateral stimuli. AB - Earlier work (Green, 1977) indicated that response by a given hand was slower when stimuli occurred in the visual half field ipsilateral to the body side of hand origin. It was hypothesized that this was due to interference between processing demands originating within the same hemisphere. The present experiments provide evidence regarding the relationship between such interference and the magnitude and type of processing demands. The eight experiments indicate that intrahemispheric interference affects a variety of tasks, including letter shape, letter name, or face matching. The results indicate that reduction in response processing demands reduces the interference. Evidence of interference appeared with a more demanding choice response, but not with a simpler go-no-go response. Manipulations hypothesized to reduce initial, perceptual stimulus processing demands did not reduce the magnitude of interference, possibly because the level of more central stimulus processing demands was still sufficient to interfere with response processing. Interference tended to be minimal on right hand, match trials, which are hypothesized to involve reduced response processing and reduced central stimulus processing demands. Further investigation of the effects of stimulus processing demands is required. PMID- 6232347 TI - Modifying an underlying component of perceived arm length: adaptation of tactile location induced by spatial discordance. AB - In four experiments we examined the adaptation and aftereffect that resulted from a treatment yielding tactile/kinesthetic length discordance between the arms. Perceived discordance diminished with trials and tended to zero. Subsequent visual/tactile cross-modal judgments of distance showed the aftereffect to be a change in the perceived location of an unseen probed spot on each hand with respect to the location of a truly coincident visual marker. This occurred toward the body for the probed spot on one arm and away from the body on the other. There were three other main findings: (a) Arm movement was not a necessary condition for adaptation or aftereffect; (b) with intrinsic length information about the right arm present, but touch information from the right index finger absent during treatment, adaptation and aftereffect were abolished; (c) aftereffects of tactile location that were manifest at the hand and wrist tended to zero when a point close to the elbow was tested with a cross-modal procedure. The experiments provide evidence that the mapping of the tactile sheet onto an internal length domain had been modified by the treatment. The sensory consequences of the treatment led many subjects to report spontaneously that their arms felt to be of different lengths. PMID- 6232348 TI - Winding one's ps and qs: mental rotation and mirror-image discrimination. AB - Subjects were timed as they made judgments about ps and qs (also interpretable as ds and bs) in different angular orientations. Whether these judgments were left right mirror-image discriminations (b vs. d or p vs. q) or up-down mirror-image discriminations (b vs. p or d vs. q), the subjects' reaction times increased sharply with the angular departure of each letter from its designated normal upright orientation, a fact implying mental rotation. This was so whether the subjects responded with the letter labels themselves (e.g., b vs. d) or with the labels left versus right or top versus bottom. It was again the case when the letters were replaced by nonletter forms, in which event there was also a left visual-field advantage in reaction time. This study is therefore the first to demonstrate a mental-rotation strategy when the canonical forms to be discriminated are up-down mirror images as well as when they are left-right mirror images. In both cases, however, the task requires the ability to tell left from right, and we suggest that this is the critical ingredient that induces mental rotation. PMID- 6232349 TI - Relationship of atrial fibrillatory wave amplitude to left atrial size by echocardiography and etiology of heart disease. PMID- 6232350 TI - Adhesion and locomotion of neutrophil leucocytes on 2-D substrata and in 3-D matrices. PMID- 6232351 TI - Huntington's disease: biochemical prediction by determination of GABA synthesis of cultured fibroblasts. AB - GABA synthesis in skin fibroblasts from patients with Huntington's chorea was compared with that in a control group by means of the highly specific 3H-muscimol radioreceptor assay. A significantly increased rate of GABA synthesis was found in the group with Huntington's chorea in an early cell passage. The possible use of this method for early diagnosis of Huntington's chorea is considered. PMID- 6232352 TI - Repair of spinal dural defects. An experimental study. AB - The search for an ideal substance for duraplasty has stimulated clinical and experimental investigations. To date a large number of materials have been employed for dural repair, although there is as yet no unanimity regarding the ideal material. Most of these studies have been concerned with cranial dura, and spinal duraplasty has received less attention. This study was designed to examine the repair of spinal dural defects in the dog. The materials chosen for this experiment were autologous fat, a polyester fiber mesh (Mersilene) and silicone coated Dacron (Dura Film). Nineteen dogs were used in this study. Following lumbar laminectomy and the excision of elliptical pieces of dura (1.0 X 0.5 cm) at three noncontiguous levels, each of the defects was repaired using one of the three materials. Groups of animals were sacrificed at each of 3, 6, 12, and 24 weeks after dural repair. The lumbar region was removed en bloc and prepared for histological examination. Repair of the dural opening was achieved in all cases. The polyester fiber mesh was quite effective for dural repair, serving as a scaffold through which a neomembrane grew and united the dural edges. The results with autologous fat were similarly favorable. On the other hand, results with silicone-coated Dacron showed encapsulation by connective tissue, with the ventral aspect of the graft frequently compressing the underlying cord. PMID- 6232353 TI - An unusual complication of Dura Film as a dural substitute. Report of two cases. AB - Two cases are presented in which the patients developed an unusual complication following the use of an artificial dural substitute, silicone-coated Dacron (Dura Film). Both patients had undergone removal of a tumor and involved dura. The first patient developed a very thick connective-tissue capsule of the graft material which simulated a recurrent tumor. The second patient developed an acute hemorrhage initially thought to be an acute subdural hematoma beneath the artificial dura 9 weeks after tumor removal and implantation of the graft. A review of the literature and proposed mechanisms of these complications are presented. PMID- 6232354 TI - Occupational exposure to hepatitis B virus. Analysis of indications for hepatitis B vaccine. AB - This retrospective study was undertaken to determine the incidence of acute and chronic morbidity due to hepatitis B infection among employees of an institution for the mentally retarded. Based on a review of medical records, surveillance data, and serologic testing, we found no evidence of excess morbidity among 2,000 employees in a 10-year period. Hepatitis B vaccination is neither warranted nor presently cost-effective for most client-care personnel. PMID- 6232355 TI - Management of an occupational health program within an industrial setting. Perspectives of a corporate medical director. AB - In this review, I have tried to identify and call to the attention of occupational health program managers what I consider to be some of the major occupational health issues and concerns facing industry. It is obvious that we have a sizable task ahead as we stand back and contemplate the scope and complexity of these matters. One of my colleagues coined an apt phrase: "We need to master the probable and manage the unpredictable." In the midst of all these opportunities, and faced with the constraints of the economy, the occupational health program manager must carefully evaluate his/her company needs vis-a-vis society's desires and requirements, and then prioritize and plan accordingly. In this plethora of challenges, I would encourage you to be innovative and to welcome the new, but not discard those features of past occupational health programs that have stood the test of time. Let us remember, too, that a good physician and nurse should always be available to counsel employees and help them address their needs. Our concern for our employee-patients should be more than a preoccupation about potential exposures to chemicals, radiation, and other toxic substances. However, even in the case of occupational exposures and illness, through that physician or nurse-patient relationship we may be the only individuals in a position to learn of subtle, adverse health effects. Personal interaction between the employee and the physician or nurse must be maintained and, in the long term, technological advances may in fact allow them more time to counsel and heal.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6232356 TI - Dental responsibility for the medically compromised patient. PMID- 6232357 TI - Oral mucosal lichenoid eruption due to fenclofenac. PMID- 6232358 TI - Dental extraction in a patient with congenital deficiencies of factors V and VIII. AB - A case of combined congenital deficiencies of factors V and VIII is reported. The patient's right mandibular first molar was extracted and a combination of local hemostatic treatment and the transfusion of fresh plasma resulted in healing of the socket without further postoperative bleeding. PMID- 6232359 TI - The efficacy of etodolac for patients with pain following oral surgery. AB - The analgesic efficacy of etodolac for 161 patients reporting moderate to severe pain after oral surgery was evaluated. The patients were given single oral doses of one of the following test drugs--aspirin, 650 mg; etodolac, 50 mg; or etodolac, 200 mg--or placebo. There were at least 39 patients in each drug group. After medication, patients recorded pain intensity and pain relief at half-hour intervals for the first hour and then hourly for up to eight hours. Pain intensity differences, total pain relief, onset of analgesia, and each patient's overall opinion of the drug were analyzed. Time--effect curves were derived from the pain relief and pain intensity difference scores. Analgesic effects produced by both doses of etodolac were comparable with those of 650 mg of aspirin. All active drugs were significantly more effective than placebo, and the 200-mg dose of etodolac provided an earlier onset and longer duration of analgesia than the other test drugs. PMID- 6232360 TI - In situ characterization of cell infiltrates in human dental periapical granulomas. 2. Demonstration of receptors for the complement components C3b and C3d. AB - The inflammatory cell infiltrates in human dental periapical granulomas were studied through the demonstration of receptors (R) for fragments C3b and C3d of the complement component C3, C3bR and C3dR were detected in cryostat sections by the closed chamber hemadsorption technique. Sheep erythrocytes sensitized with rabbit IgM antibody and coated with human C3B or C3d were used as indicator cells. Of the 62 granulomas studied, 23 showed strong or moderate C3bR activity, and weak C3dR activity was detected in 5 out of 25 specimens. The C3bR activity was abolished by treatment with 0.25 mM periodic acid, indicating that carbohydrate is a part of the C3bR. Using an antiserum to C3R as first layer in indirect immunofluorescence experiments, the C3R was localized to cell membranes. The low C3dR activity indicates that a minor part of the mononuclear cells in the human periapical granulomas were B lymphocytes. PMID- 6232361 TI - Glycosyl transferase activity in the brush border membrane of Hymenolepis diminuta. AB - The isolated brush border membrane of Hymenolepis diminuta incorporates radiolabeled glucose when incubated in the presence of uridine diphospho(UDP)-D (6-3H)glucose. The pH optimum for incorporation was 7.0 to 7.2 regardless of the buffer used. Transferase activity was maximal in 200 mM Tris buffer; 100 mM phosphate buffer inhibited significantly the incorporation of radiolabeled glucose, whereas 50 mM Tris-maleate and 100 mM PIPES resulted in moderate inhibition of activity. Incorporation of labeled glucose was not inhibited by low concentrations (0.01%) of Triton X-100, but activity was inhibited 50% by 0.25% Triton X-100. Addition of divalent cations to the brush border membrane preparation did not activate transferase activity, but addition of chelating agents (i.e., EDTA or EGTA) inhibited transferase activity nearly 90%. Incorporation of labeled glucose was inhibited by UDP, guanosine diphosphate (GDP), UDP- and GDP-activated monosaccharides, and monosaccharides, indicating that the transferase activity lacked substrate specificity. PMID- 6232362 TI - Crevicular fluid prostaglandin E levels as a measure of the periodontal disease status of adult and juvenile periodontitis patients. PMID- 6232363 TI - The effect of notching and citric acid on healthy root surfaces in dogs. PMID- 6232364 TI - Prostaglandin activity and sulcular flow in carrageenan-injected gingiva of the dog. PMID- 6232365 TI - Studies on saliva in ODU plaque-susceptible rats having experimental gingivitis. I. Amount of saliva. PMID- 6232366 TI - Transport pathway and uptake of microperoxidase in the junctional epithelium of healthy rat gingiva. PMID- 6232367 TI - A new 51Chromium assay for accurate measurement of cell attachment to demineralized and non-demineralized dentine in vitro. PMID- 6232368 TI - Age and diet composition in relation to experimental periodontal destruction in hamsters. PMID- 6232369 TI - Evaluation of serum-containing substrates for cultivation of oral spirochetes. PMID- 6232370 TI - Periodontal disease in the domestic cat. A histopathologic study. PMID- 6232371 TI - Necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis in beagle dogs. I. Attempts at unilateral induction and intraoral transmission of NUG, a microbiological and clinical study. PMID- 6232372 TI - Necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis in beagle dogs. II. Histologic characteristics of NUG in relation to interproximal contacts. PMID- 6232373 TI - [Alternative synthesis of 16beta-ethyl-17beta-hydroxyester-4-en-3-one (oxendolone)]. PMID- 6232374 TI - Effects of nicorandil, a new antianginal agent, and nifedipine on collateral blood flow in a chronic coronary occlusion model. AB - The effects of nicorandil and nifedipine on collateral blood flow were compared in anesthetized dogs with a well-developed collateral circulation produced by Ameroid constriction (6-8 weeks) of the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery. The radioactive microsphere technique was used to determine myocardial perfusion in the normal left circumflex (LC) region and in the LAD region distal to the Ameroid constrictor. Low and high doses of nicorandil (25 and 50 micrograms/kg/min) or nifedipine (1 and 3 micrograms/kg/min) were infused i.v. to reduce mean arterial and left ventricular systolic pressure approximately 10 and 25 mm Hg, respectively. A low dose of nicorandil had no effect on myocardial perfusion whereas nifedipine increased subepicardial blood flow in both the LC and LAD regions. The high dose of nifedipine further increased both subepicardial and subendocardial perfusion to the LC region and subepicardial blood flow to the LAD region whereas nicorandil had no effect. When aortic blood pressure was returned to control by occluding a snare around the descending thoracic aorta during infusion of the high dose, nicorandil and nifedipine increased subepicardial and subendocardial blood flow to LAD and LC regions. Whereas nicorandil increased flow to both tissue layers equally, nifedipine increased subepicardial perfusion primarily. In summary, nifedipine increased collateral blood flow in a chronic coronary occlusion model despite the presence of systemic hypotension, whereas nicorandil only increased flow when aortic blood pressure was maintained. However, nicorandil increased myocardial blood flow equally across the left ventricular wall, whereas nifedipine primarily increased subepicardial blood flow. PMID- 6232376 TI - Correlation of antibiogram, phage typing and penicillinase production of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from clinical material. PMID- 6232377 TI - The well child and the hospitalized disabled sibling. PMID- 6232375 TI - Evidence from the use of vibration that the human long-latency stretch reflex depends upon spindle secondary afferents. AB - The electromyographic activity of flexor pollicis longus has been recorded in normal human subjects on moving the tip of the thumb with the proximal phalanx clamped. Ramp and hold displacements (stretches) were compared with high frequency sinusoidal movement (vibration). The subject exerted a constant flexor force between stimuli and made no voluntary response to them. On stretching the muscle by forcibly extending the thumb at various constant velocities the usual combination of short-latency (ca. 25-30 ms) and long-latency (ca. 40 ms) components of response were observed. The short-latency response progressively predominated as the velocity was increased (60-900 deg s-1, 9 deg joint displacement). One subject still showed only a long-latency response with the fastest stretch, arguing that it is a distinct reflex entity. On commencing vibration (143 Hz, 3 deg movement peak-to-peak) a short-latency response was regularly obtained, but any long-latency response was always small in relation to that elicited by stretch. This was equally so when the short-latency responses to the two types of stimulation were matched by using appropriate parameters of stimulation. The time course of the vibration response did not change appreciably with change of amplitude of vibration, so that its temporal profile was always quite different from that of the stretch response. The observed differences are in accordance with the hypothesis that the spindle group II afferents produce the long-latency excitation, with the time lost peripherally in afferent conduction rather than centrally. In relation to the strength of their Ia excitatory actions, stretch is known to excite secondary afferents more powerfully than does vibration. The findings are not readily accommodated on the hypothesis that the long-latency response is a transcortical reflex elicited by the initial Ia input, since vibration should then also have had a powerful long-latency action. Similar responses to vibration were obtained when it was applied percutaneously to the tendon of flexor pollicis longus 6 cm above the wrist. Also, those elicited by thumb vibration persisted largely unchanged when the thumb was anaesthetized. This confirms that they were dependent upon the excitation of receptors in flexor pollicis longus, presumably the Ia afferents, rather than upon cutaneous or joint receptors in the thumb. The stretch responses also depended upon muscle receptors, since they too survived anaesthesia.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6232378 TI - [Comparative study of computed x-ray tomography and saccoradiculography in the diagnosis of early lumbar disk herniation. Apropos of 50 surgically-proven cases]. AB - Comparison of diagnostic accuracy using the two methods showed scanner imaging to provide superior results, with confirmation of herniated disc in 90 p. 100 cases based on purely discal semiological features. Limitations of the method result from the absence of epidural fat (narrow lumbar canals). A new hierarchy of radiological explorations in resistant lumbosciatica is proposed. PMID- 6232379 TI - [Reliability of pulmonary perfusion and ventilation scintigraphy compared with angiopneumography for the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism]. AB - Fourty-six patients suspected clinically of having a pulmonary embolism (PE) were investigated by angiopneumography (AGP) and perfusion (99m-Tc aggregates) and ventilation (99m-Tc colloid) scintigraphy (SPV Tc). Findings were assessed under blind conditions. A positive diagnosis of pulmonary embolism was made in 19 patients. The SPV Tc was considered as positive if perfusional deficiencies were greater than ventilatory defects, and this was evaluated as such in 23 cases (19 true and 4 false positives). False negatives were not observed. The 4 false positive results corresponded to scintigraphic anomalies suggestive of pulmonary emboli subsegmental in size; true positives were either subsegmental (8), segmental (6) or lobar (5). Sensitivity of the SPV Tc wis therefore 100%; its specificity, all results considered was 76%, but was 100% if only images of lobar or segmental lesions are considered. PMID- 6232380 TI - Treatment of severe hirsutism resulting from hyperandrogenism with the reverse sequential cyproterone acetate regimen. AB - Women with severe hirsutism resulting from hyperandrogenism often respond poorly to suppressive therapy aimed at decreasing adrenal or ovarian androgen production. Antiandrogens, such as cyproterone acetate, prevent androgens from expressing their activity at target sites by inhibiting the formation of the androgen/cytosol binding protein complex. Seven severely hirsute hyperandrogenic women were treated for six months with the reverse sequential cyproterone acetate regimen. Pretreatment plasma testosterone (T) levels were elevated in all subjects, and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) binding capacity was depressed. A free testosterone index, as assessed by the T/SHBG ratio, was markedly elevated. A marked and significant decrease in T levels and the T/SHBG ratio occurred during the first two cycles of treatment (p less than 0.01). Hirsutism grading assessed by the semiquantitative method of Ferriman and Gallwey did not change significantly until four months after the beginning of therapy but improved by six months of treatment. There was a marked antigonadotropic effect in terms of suppression of LH and FSH. The reverse sequential cyproterone acetate regimen produces rapid normalization of the plasma T, SHBG and free testosterone index, but resolution of the hirsutism is slower and requires several months of therapy. PMID- 6232381 TI - Tubal sterilizations performed in freestanding, ambulatory-care surgical facilities in the United States in 1980. AB - In 1981 the American Association of Gynecologic Laparoscopists and the Division of Reproductive Health, Centers for Disease Control, jointly conducted a study of tubal sterilizations performed in 141 freestanding, ambulatory-care surgical facilities in 1980 in the United States. Information was collected through mailed questionnaires and telephone interviews. Of 330 potential responding facilities, 141 we identified as freestanding, ambulatory-care surgical facilities. About 16,500 tubal sterilizations were performed in these facilities in 1980. The mean number of tubal sterilizations per freestanding, ambulatory-care surgical facility was 212. Sixty-seven percent of tubal sterilizations were performed in the south and west. General anesthesia was the anesthetic method used in 97% of the procedures. Nearly 91% of tubal sterilizations were done via laparoscopy, with bipolar electrocoagulation the tubal-occlusion method used most frequently. After tubal sterilization the patients were observed for an average of 2.4 hours before discharge. The average cost of laparoscopic tubal sterilization was $801; for nonlaparoscopic tubal sterilization it was $850. PMID- 6232382 TI - Cold light sources. Are they really cold? AB - Two light sources used in laparoscopy, both in the photo mode, proved capable of burning a hole in a standard paper surgical drape in less than five seconds. The relationship between power (in watts) and dial settings is not linear. Both of these sources have a maximum power density of 5.6 w/cm2, which far exceeds the 1.8 w/cm2 power density of the other light sources tested. Today, with the demand for increased illumination for photodocumentation , the physician must be cognizant of its potential hazards. Light sources will vary according to the type of source--tungsten, halogen or mercury arc. Each increase in wattage output will transmit a greater cable power density. Equipment should be checked for its potential to produce burns in routine use and, if defective, should be replaced. PMID- 6232383 TI - Erythema ab igne in chronic pancreatic pain: a diagnostic sign. AB - Two patients with severe chronic pain of pancreatic origin are described. In both there was severe back pain and an area of erythema ab igne lay directly over the portion of the pancreas giving rise to the pain. In both patients therapy directed at these areas of diseased pancreas resulted in relief of symptoms. The presence of erythema ab igne on a patient's back at the level of T12-L2 should arouse suspicion of underlying pancreatic pathology, and this may be valuable in a disease with remarkably little to find on clinical examination. In one patient early obstruction of the pancreatic duct by pancreatic carcinoma caused distal chronic pancreatitis and back pain many months before the onset of obstructive jaundice. PMID- 6232384 TI - Acne fulminans with arthritis in identical twins treated with isotretinoin. PMID- 6232385 TI - Oral surgery procedures for the handicapped. PMID- 6232386 TI - The physician and the disabled patient: a challenge to medical education. PMID- 6232387 TI - Analysis of learning in retarded monkeys. AB - Sixteen rhesus monkeys were either subjected to diets high in phenylalanine or parachlorophenyalanine either pre- or postpartum; there were 16 controls. Subjects were tested after removal from the PKU diet on a series of learning tasks. No support was found for suggestions that PKU monkeys a do worse if task difficulty is increased or b have an attentional or short-term memory storage deficit. Equivocal support was found suggesting that c PKU monkeys may have stronger initial biases and d do not attend to the relevant dimension. The most support was found for the hypothesis that e PKU subjects are more emotional which would account for a disruption in performance following negative reinforcement, and difficulty in changing an initial or a learned response pattern. The literature on learning in human PKU and induced PKU in animals is reviewed. PMID- 6232388 TI - Non-speech communication symbols and systems: where have we been and where are we going? AB - During the past quarter century, and especially during the past decade, we have seen the emergence of various non-speech communication symbols and systems as viable means of communication by and with severely handicapped individuals. A brief overview of the full range of both aided (static or graphic) and unaided (dynamic or manual) non-speech symbols and systems is presented. A hierarchy of difficulty, cognitive requisites, approximation to English (or other natural languages), abstraction, acceptance, etc. is considered. Advantages of non-speech communication are related to general input simplification, response production, receptive language/auditory processing, stimulus processing/stimulus association, and symbolic representation. The advantages of vocabulary limits and attentional facilitation for intervention with severely handicapped individuals are discussed. Major research issues are also explored. PMID- 6232389 TI - Immediate post-natal management of the mothers of Down's syndrome and spina bifida children in Scotland 1971-1981. AB - A questionnaire completed by the mothers of 123 children with Down's syndrome and 109 children with Spina bifida born over the past 10 years in Scotland has shown that the majority of mothers were given either a poor outlook or no outlook at all for their children. Only a minority were referred to social workers while in hospital. The separation from their child shortly after birth is a significant factor in both groups of mothers particularly mothers of Spina bifida children, 61% of whom never saw their child during their stay in hospital. While 41% of Down's mothers received a visit from a parent of a Down's child only 16% of Spina bifida mothers were so visited. Two-thirds of those not offered such a visit would have welcomed one. PMID- 6232390 TI - Structure of the vanadate-induced crystals of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase. AB - The projected structure of the vanadate-induced crystalline aggregates of Ca2+ ATPase molecules in isolated sarcoplasmic reticulum membranes has been determined. The molecules form tubular crystals with an oblique surface lattice having cell dimensions a = 65.9 A, b = 114.4 A and gamma = 77.9 degrees. The space group is P2. The crystalline tubules are formed through lateral aggregation of chains made up of dimers of Ca2+-ATPase molecules. PMID- 6232391 TI - Bacteriophage lambda preconnectors. Purification and structure. AB - The morphogenesis of bacteriophage lambda proheads is under the control of the four phage genes B, C, Nu3 and E, and the two Escherichia coli genes groEL and groES . It has been shown previously that extracts prepared from cells infected with a lambda C-E- mutant accumulate a gpB polymer, which behaves as a biologically active intermediate in prohead assembly. This gpB activity has been called a preconnector , as it is probably a precursor to the head-tail connector. We now report the partial purification of biologically active preconnectors and the characterization of its structure. In the electron microscope, preconnectors appear as donut -like structures composed of several subunits displaying radial symmetry. Optical filtration of periodic arrays of preconnectors showed that the structure has 12-fold rotational symmetry. Side views of the preconnector reveal that it resembles an asymmetrical dumbell . This information has been used to construct a three-dimensional model of the preconnector . The implications of this structure for prohead shape and function, and for DNA packaging are discussed. PMID- 6232392 TI - Crystallization of glycogen debranching enzyme. AB - Crystals of glycogen debranching enzyme from rabbit skeletal muscle have been obtained from solutions of polyethylene glycol 8000 (pH 7.3) containing 10 mM linear oligosaccharides of lengths from three to seven glucose units in alpha-1,4 linkage. Preliminary X-ray precession photographs indicate an orthorhombie unit cell with dimensions of a = 106.4 A, b = 195.7 A and c = 93.0 A. The space group is P212121 with one monomer per asymmetric unit. PMID- 6232393 TI - Ca2+ and the contractile proteins. AB - Troponin regulation can be divided into two categories, primary and secondary. While the former underlies the processes common to troponin-regulated muscles, the latter varies between different types of muscle. One example of secondary regulation is the Ca2+ dependent interaction of troponin T and troponin C, which tends to suppress the myosin-actin-ATP interaction at relatively high Ca2+ concentrations, say, 10(-4)M. This interaction is marked in fast skeletal muscle, but weak in cardiac muscle. Since the Ca2+ concentration in fast skeletal muscle can physiologically reach a high level, this interaction may be considered as a kind of self-defense mechanism to avoid excess contraction. Cardiac muscle, which carries out its contractile cycle at lower Ca2+ concentrations, does not require such a mechanism, but under pathological conditions where the Ca2+ concentration could reach a high level, the lack of this mechanism might be detrimental to the contractile system. PMID- 6232394 TI - ATPase activity and force production in myofibrils and twitch characteristics in intact muscle from neonatal, adult, and senescent rat myocardium. AB - To determine whether age-associated alterations in the cardiac muscle twitch could be related to altered myofibrillar ATPase activity or to an altered force pCa relationship, these variables were measured in rat cardiac preparations across a broad age range. Between 2 and 6 months, maximum ATPase activity in detergent treated myofibrils decreased approximately two fold (0.166 +/- 0.01 v. 0.078 +/- 0.02 microM Pi/min X mg protein, P less than 0.001), but did not change with further aging (12 or 24 months). The Ca2+-dependent force in thin 'Triton skinned' papillary muscles was not age-related. ATPase activity and force exhibited identical Ca2+ sensitivity from the submicromolar to micromolar range: for ATPase activity pCa for 50% activity averaged 6.1 and Hill coefficients averaged 4.5; pCa for 50% force development was 6.1 and Hill coefficients of the force-pCa relation averaged 4.5; no age differences in these parameters were observed. In the intact muscles prior to skinning, neither twitch force nor the maximum rate of force production were age-related; however, indices of the time course of contraction, time to peak force, half relaxation time, and their sum, increased progressively, changing by approximately 30% from 2 to 24 months (P less than 0.001). Since the decline in ATPase activity occurred over the maturational period only, and did not change with further ageing, while the twitch duration changed progressively with age, it is concluded that the twitch prolongation of the senescent myocardium cannot be directly related to the age related decline in myofibrillar ATPase activity. PMID- 6232395 TI - Cytochemistry of myocardial structures related to degenerative processes in spontaneously hypertensive and normotensive rats. AB - Using electron microscopy and cytochemical techniques we investigated structures which are associated with long-term hypertension and ageing in the myocardial cell of the rat. Lysosomes, demonstrated by acid phosphatase and aryl sulfatase activities, were found mainly in the perinuclear region in young rats. With age these organelles appeared with increasing frequency in other regions of the cell. Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) showed an earlier apparent migration of lysosomes than did normotensive rats (WKY). Our observations indicate that lysosomes were closely associated with autophagic vacuoles, membrane swirls , translucent mitochondria, myelin figures and other structures linked with degenerative events. In the oldest SHR lysosomes, autolysosomes (autophagic vacuoles with lysosomal activity), and degenerative structures were observed in various regions of the myocardial cell. Peroxisomes, as demonstrated by catalase activity, did not seem to be affected by hypertension or age. A number of dense osmophilic structures did not react for any of the enzymes studied; these included myelin figures, mitochondrial inclusions and diffuse dense bodies. Our observations implicate both ageing and hypertension in the enhancement of lysosomes and their end products. PMID- 6232396 TI - The structure of the Ca2+ ATPase as revealed by electron microscopy and image processing of ordered arrays. AB - Two-dimensional ordered arrays of the membrane-bound Ca2+ ATPase, were formed over a wide range of conditions (i.e., pH, ionic strength, temperature) in the presence of vanadate, and studied by electron microscopy and image processing. These ordered tubular and spherical membrane vesicles of Ca2+ ATPase could also be formed with approximately one bound ATP and between one and two nonchelatable Ca2+ bound. The tubular arrays ranged between 1 and 10 microns in length and had an average flattened diameter of 90 nm, as observed in negatively stained preparations. The basic building blocks of these ordered arrays appear to be linear ribbons of Ca2+ ATPase dimers. Fourier analysis of electron micrographs of these flattened tubes revealed a near-rectangular lattice (lattice angle 73.3 +/- 4.6 degrees with average lattice constants of a = 6.2 +/- 0.25 nm, and b = 11.5 +/- 0.30 nm). The double-stranded ribbons (i.e., parallel to a) are inclined by 56 +/- 3.7 degrees relative to the tube axis in a right-handed sense, as determined from freeze-dried metal-shadowed specimens. Computer averaging of negatively stained arrays reveals a crystallographic dimer of stain-excluding matter. The dimensions of each monomer within this dimer are consistent with established structural parameters, leading us to believe a form of the Ca2+ ATPase, capable of binding at least one ATP and of binding Ca2+ ions, may exist as a dimer in the sarcoplasmic reticulum. PMID- 6232397 TI - Intermediate hosts of Elaeophora schneideri Wehr and Dikmans, 1935 on South Island, South Carolina. PMID- 6232398 TI - Of beggars, princes, and islands. PMID- 6232399 TI - Contraceptives and acute salpingitis. AB - In 546 women with a first episode of salpingitis, the degree of inflammation of the fallopian tubes, as seen during laparoscopy, was graded into mild, moderate, and severe. The patients were subgrouped according to contraceptive use into (1) reference group (women not using intrauterine [contraceptive] devices [IUDs] or oral contraceptives [OCs]) (2) IUD group, and (3) OC group. Mild, moderate, and severe salpingitis occurred in 51.3%, 34.6%, and 24.1% of the women in the reference group. The corresponding percentages for the women in the IUD group were 54.6%, 29.7%, and 15.7%, and for the patients in the OC group, 73.5%, 17.1%, and 9.4%, respectively. Women using OCs had significantly milder degrees of inflammation of the fallopian tubes than women with other contraceptive methods. Age could not explain the differences. PMID- 6232400 TI - Crossing 'threshold' of hepatitis B control awaits greater vaccine use. PMID- 6232401 TI - One approach to vaccine need--'home production'. PMID- 6232402 TI - Clinical evaluation in healthy adults of a hepatitis B vaccine made by recombinant DNA. AB - A vaccine formulated from hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) produced by a recombinant strain of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae was administered to two groups of human volunteers composed of 37 healthy, low-risk adults. Each subject received a 10-micrograms dose of HBsAg at 0, 1, and 6 months. By one month, 27% to 40% of the vaccinees had antibody to HBsAg, and by three months 80% to 100% were antibody positive. Large boosts in titer followed the third dose at six months. The antibody formed is predominantly specific for the a determinant of HBsAg. There have been no serious reactions attributable to the vaccine. The most frequent complaint has been transient soreness at the injection site. As far as we know, this is the first reported use in man of a vaccine prepared by recombinant DNA technology. PMID- 6232403 TI - Effects of vasodilators on the systemic capacitance vessels, a study with the measurement of the mean circulatory pressure in dogs. AB - There have been yet only a few studies on the action of vasodilators on the entire systemic capacitance vessels of the living body. In the present study, we studied the action of the vasodilators on the systemic capacitance vessels by measuring the mean circulatory pressure (MCP), introduced by Guyton, and that on the systemic resistance vessels from total peripheral resistance, in anesthetized open chest dogs. We also studied the venous return curves. Depending on vasodilators and the dosages used, resistance vessels could be dilated, but capacitance vessels could not be dilated. The reverse was never true. It was also found frequently that capacitance vessels could be dilated only when the tone of the capacitance vessels have been previously elevated by norepinephrine. Again, depending on vasodilators and their dosages, the venous return curves were changed in position and/or slope. We constructed a venous return curve by connecting 2 points on the venous return-right atrial pressure (VR-RAP) plane, one, VR-RAP plot, and the other, the point of VR = 0, RAP = MCP. Changes in the venous return curve caused by these vasodilators were classified into three types; (a) a clockwise rotation with a constant MCP, where one sees no change in MCP and decreased resistance to venous return (RVR), so that one may call this RVR-type, (b) a parallel shift of the venous return curve to the left, where one sees no change in RVR but a decreased MCP, so that one may call this MCP-type and (c) a shift to the left plus clockwise rotation, where one sees a decrease in MCP and decrease in RVR, so that this is a mixture of patterns (a) and (b). One may call this the mixed-type. The existence of the response of mixed-type is worth special attention, because, in this type, cardiac output (CO) was increased by the predominant decrease in RVR in spite of a decreased MCP, leading to an important condition that the CO does not necessarily decrease when systemic capacitance vessels were dilated by the vasodilators. PMID- 6232404 TI - [Influence of anesthesia on immune system--studies on the fluctuation of lymphocyte subpopulations]. PMID- 6232405 TI - [New anesthetics and development of methods of anesthesia (Part 1)]. PMID- 6232406 TI - [Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA)]. PMID- 6232407 TI - [Aortocoronary angioplasty performed at coronary care units]. PMID- 6232408 TI - [Pathophysiology of hypertension. e. Essential hypertension and platelet functions]. PMID- 6232409 TI - [Electromagnetic blood flowmeters]. PMID- 6232410 TI - [Cell mediated immunity in primary renal diseases: Concanavalin A induced suppressor T cell function and autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction]. PMID- 6232411 TI - [Chosen mothers--life with handicapped children. 4. Angelic smile of the child]. PMID- 6232412 TI - Changes in glycosylated hemoglobin in short- and semi long-term streptozotocin diabetic mice and rats. PMID- 6232414 TI - [Therapeutic use of heart catheterization]. PMID- 6232413 TI - Immunomodulating activities associated with the cytosol fraction of a 3 methylcholanthrene-induced rat fibrosarcoma. AB - Cytosol fraction(s) from McFiFi2(s) fibrosarcoma cells (Fcc), isolated from either cultured cells or solid tumors induced in F344 rats, produced a dose related inhibition of lymphoproliferative responses to several mitogens, whatever the lymphoid organ or the animal species used as the source of lymphocytes. Only stimulated human lymphocytes were not Fcc inhibited; instead, Fcc was a potent stimulator of their spontaneous proliferation. Fcc cytostatic activity was not effective in various cycling cell lines and was restricted to mitogen-stimulated lymphocytes. Fcc, a primary tumor product, did not induce suppressive cells and was unable to prevent mitogen cell surface binding. However, expression of its modulating effect was accelerated by the simultaneous presence of the mitogen. Moreover, Fcc produced its suppression by interrupting lymphocyte activation at some point within the G0-G1-phase transition. Molecular sieving showed that Fcc contains at least two factors with suppressive (mol wt, approximately 3,000) and stimulatory (mol wt, greater than 5,000) activities, respectively. PMID- 6232415 TI - [Use of specific Lp(a)-lipoprotein as an additional marker in the diagnosis of ischemic heart disease]. AB - A total of 1139 representatives of various groups of the USSR population (indigenous inhabitants of Chukotsk and the Altai, migrants to Chukotsk living there for various periods of time and citizens of Novosibirsk) was studied to determine whether the assay of Lp (a)-lipoproteins, a normal genetic marker, can be used as a novel diagnostic test for coronary heart disease. Coronary heart disease was shown to be correlated with the presence of Lp (a)-lipoprotein, with X2 being statistically significant. PMID- 6232416 TI - [Blood circulation in healthy inhabitants of the arid zone of Turkmenistan. Report 2. Use of controlled exercise test in persons with good and insufficient adaptation to high environmental temperature]. AB - Bicycle ergometry was performed in 143 normal male residents of Ashkhabad in different seasons of the year. In cool weather, the direction and magnitude of hemodynamic response to exercise in Ashkhabad residents were similar to those of people from milder climatic zones. In summer, exercise-related systolic and diastolic blood pressure and the stroke index were smaller as compared to the respective values of the cool season. During the transition period (i.e. first hot summer days), blood pressure and the stroke index were the lowest, and the heart rate was somewhat increased. In hot weather, exercise produced a greater reduction in the circulating blood volume and a greater increase in the hematocrit value. Thirteen (9%) subjects with poor tolerance of hot weather were identified in the screened population. In these, hemodynamic shifts were similar to those observed in most normal subjects during inadequate acclimatization of the first hot summer days. PMID- 6232417 TI - [Pathogenesis of the formation of inguinal hernias]. PMID- 6232418 TI - [Evaluation of the effectiveness of various models of magnetic closure devices for single-barrel colostomies on the anterior abdominal wall]. PMID- 6232419 TI - [Thermography of the anterior abdominal wall in acute appendicitis]. PMID- 6232420 TI - The levels of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and carbonic anhydrase in erythrocytes of patients with Down's syndrome. AB - The levels of cytoplasmic superoxide dismutase ( SOD1 ), catalase (CAT'ase), and carbonic anhydrase isoenzymes (CA-B and CA-C) were determined in the erythrocytes from 11 male patients with Down's syndrome. The levels of SOD1 and CAT'ase, as well as CA-B showed significant increases compared with those in normal controls, whereas the CA-C level did not change substantially. In addition, a positive correlation was noted between the levels of SOD1 and of CAT'ase (r = 0.764). PMID- 6232421 TI - [Possibilities for the noninvasive diagnosis of intracardiac thrombi]. PMID- 6232422 TI - Alterations in proteoglycan metabolism in the nephrotic syndrome induced by the aminonucleoside of puromycin. AB - The synthesis of intact proteoglycans and their glycosaminoglycan (GAG) side chains by isolated rat glomeruli in vitro were studied both at the onset (5 days) and at the point of maximal proteinuria (7 days) of the nephrotic syndrome induced with the aminonucleoside of puromycin. Glomeruli from nephrotic animals incorporated 1.5-fold and 3.0-fold more 35SO4 label into GAG than glomeruli from control animals at 5 and 7 days, respectively, with heparan-35SO4 GAG being responsible for the majority of the increment. Both nephrotic and control incubations contained 60% of the label in the incubation medium, 40% in the glomerular fractions, and less than 1% in the glomerular basement membrane. Glomerular basement membrane from nephrotic rats had no change in their total heparan-35SO4 GAG content. The majority of intact proteoglycan(s) from the glomerular matrix and from the incubation medium of nephrotic and control animals was found in the most buoyantly dense fraction of CsCl gradients (fraction 1). 35S-labeled material isolated from glomeruli of nephrotic animals showed a consistent shift toward lower density gradient fractions, indicating a decrease in their overall carbohydrate to protein ratio. Diethylaminoethyl chromatography of fraction 1 proteoglycan showed a single biphasic peak with the nephrotic rat having an increase in the proportion contributed by the earlier component of the peak. Fraction 1 proteoglycan(s) from the nephrotic experiment was found to have a smaller average hydrodynamic size by Sepharose CL-2B chromatography without a significant change in the corresponding 35S-GAG chain sizes (molecular weight 14,000) by Sepharose CL-6B chromatography. 35S-macromolecules from glomeruli of nephrotic and control rats that appeared in the middle of the CsCl gradients (fraction 3) had similar Sepharose CL-2B elution volumes, whereas the corresponding 35S-GAG chains from incubations of glomeruli from nephrotic animals were smaller. Increased synthesis of heparan sulfate proteoglycan by glomeruli from puromycin aminonucleoside-induced nephrotic rats may be compensatory to loss of another component of the glomerular filtration barrier or may result from abnormal interaction of proteoglycan(s) from nephrotic animals with other glomerular matrix constituents. PMID- 6232423 TI - Formation of binucleated myocardial cells in the neonatal rat. An index for growth hypertrophy. AB - The purposes of this study were to characterize myocardial cell growth in neonatal rats and investigate the mechanism of binucleation in myocardial cells. To test the hypothesis that binucleated myocardial cells result from karyokinesis without cytokinesis, experiments were designed to measure the rate of DNA synthesis and the percentage of binucleated myocardial cells in neonatal rats during growth. Estimates of myocardial cell nuclear divisions were obtained from rats pulsed with tritiated thymidine at 17 days of gestation. Autoradiograms were prepared from isolated myocardial cells of rats killed at various ages postpartum, and the number of developed silver halide grains over myocardial cell nuclei was calculated. This estimated the mitotic activity of nuclei. To determine myocardial cell DNA synthesis postpartum, another set of rats were injected at various time periods with 4 hourly doses of tritiated thymidine, and hearts were fixed by perfusion 1 hour later. Labeling index of myocardial cells was calculated (labeled/total myocardial cells) from autoradiograms prepared on 1 micron thick, methacrylate-embedded heart cross-sections. Results of this study indicated that the growth of myocardial cells in the neonatal period can be divided into three phases: (a) a hyperplastic phase, (b) a transitional phase, and (c) a hypertrophic phase. Binucleation of myocardial cells was not due to fusion of mononucleated cells, because there was continued DNA synthesis in the neonatal hearts, reflected by continued incorporation of tritiated thymidine; in addition, the grain counts per nucleus of the binucleated myocardial cells were half that of mononucleated cells; nor was binucleation due to amitotic splitting of single nuclei, since binucleated myocardial cells had similar grain counts over each nucleus. We conclude that the formation of binucleated myocardial cells is an early indicator of growth hypertrophy in the neonatal rat and a result of mitosis without cytokinesis. PMID- 6232424 TI - Partial protection by chlorpromazine in mercuric chloride-induced acute renal failure in rats. AB - Previous studies have demonstrated that the anesthetic amine, chlorpromazine hydrochloride (CPZ), prevents cell necrosis in experimentally induced ischemic liver and heart disease and decreases the extent of galactosamine-induced cell death in the liver. The present model was designed to determine whether CPZ exerts a similar beneficial effect in kidney in a nephrotoxic model of acute renal failure in rats induced by the administration of mercuric chloride (2 mg/kg of body weight). The functional and structural changes in the kidney were evaluated and quantitated in animals pretreated with CPZ (40 mg/kg of body weight) or saline and then subjected to nephrotoxic injury. Compared to controls, the glomerular filtration rate was significantly lower (p less than 0.001) in saline- and CPZ-pretreated rats receiving mercuric chloride. Twenty-four hours after mercuric chloride administration the glomerular filtration rate was 446 +/- 38 microl/minute/gm of kidney weight, the fractional sodium excretion was 0.4 +/- 0.2%, and the urinary osmolality was 1440 +/- 193 mOsmoles/kg of H2O in the CPZ treated animals compared to 26 +/- 18 microl/minute/gm of kidney weight (p less than 0.001), 10.1 +/- 9.8% (p less than 0.025), and 353 +/- 28 mOsmoles/kg of H2O (p less than 0.005), respectively, in the animals receiving mercuric chloride alone. The percentage of proximal tubule cell necrosis was 26.5 +/- 8.9% in the CPZ-pretreated group compared to 88.1 +/- 3.6% in the untreated group (p less than 0.001). Metabolic cage studies were performed to follow the time course of this model for 48, 72, and 96 hours after mercury injection. The serum creatinine values and fractional sodium excretions were significantly less in animals receiving CPZ compared to the untreated group at all time intervals examined. The serum urea nitrogen concentration and glomerular filtration rate were similar for the two groups after 48 hours, but the serum urea nitrogen level was significantly lower and the glomerular filtration rate higher after 72 and 96 hours in the animals pretreated with CPZ. In agreement with these findings were observations that animals pretreated with CPZ had significantly fewer necrotic cells 48 and 72 hours after mercury administration, and tubular regeneration appeared to be markedly accelerated. These results suggest that pretreatment with CPZ markedly lessens the degree of structural and functional impairment seen in mercuric chloride-induced acute renal failure in rats and increases the rate of recovery. PMID- 6232425 TI - Increased myocardial capillary density in dogs with experimental emphysema. AB - In the hearts of control beagle dogs, capillary density in the right ventricle was found to be similar to that of the subendocardium of the left ventricle but lower than that of the subepicardium of the left ventricle. In emphysematous animals, 6 months after the exposure to papain (the emphysema-inducing agent), capillary density in the right ventricle and in the subendocardium of the left ventricle increased significantly, reaching values similar to that of the subepicardium of the left ventricle, which remained constant. These morphologic changes are considered to be an adaptation to a prolonged condition of increased myocardial oxygen demand and/or may represent an early stage of a developing cardiac hypertrophy. PMID- 6232426 TI - The views of school principals and teachers on the role of the school nurse with handicapped students. AB - As part of recent program evaluation activities for the University of Colorado School Nurse Achievement Program, a questionnaire was distributed to a sample of school principals and teachers to obtain their views on the role of the school nurse with handicapped students. Generally, the respondents perceived this aspect of the school nurse's role as encompassing a variety of valuable activities; they tended to feel that certain activities (eg, writing the health component of the IEPs) should be carried out by school nurses more than they actually are; and they reported a myriad of unsolved problems and needs of handicapped students, many that could be dealt with by school nursing services if resources were available. Although the data were obtained from only a small and select group of principals and teachers, they help reveal how other school personnel view this increasingly important component of the school nurse's role and may provide some direction for future continuing education programs for school nurses as well as information-dissemination efforts for other school personnel. PMID- 6232427 TI - The nursing role in the Special Olympic program. AB - Special Olympics is an international program of physical fitness, recreation and sports for the handicapped of all ages and provides competition at all ability levels by grouping participants into divisions according to age, sex and performance ability. Special Olympics, a year-round program of physical training for mentally handicapped children and adults, contributes positively to the physical, social and psychological development of these individuals. Special Olympic participants must have a physical examination prior to the training activities or athletic competition to determine limitations and to prescribe special precautions to follow while participating. School nurse practitioners play an important role in seeing that physical examinations are completed prior to scheduled events in addition to identifying immediate health needs, counseling students, teachers and parents about specific problems, updating medical information and seeking appropriate referrals for the participants. School nurse practitioners' attendance at Special Olympics competition is vital to the success of the program. PMID- 6232428 TI - Learning of Blissymbols and manual signs. AB - Blissymbols and manual signs are two representational systems widely used as alternatives to spoken communication for persons unable to speak understandably. They were compared to determine if there is any advantage of one over the other in ease of learning or in retention. Immediate and 1-day posttest measures were obtained from 20 7- and 8-year-old children engaged in a paired-associate transfer-of-training task using manual signs and Blissymbols. Results showed no overall difference between signs and symbols in number of correct responses on either the immediate or 1-day posttest. PMID- 6232429 TI - Combination chemotherapy for metastatic carcinoma of the ampulla of Vater--report of three cases. AB - Three patients with metastatic carcinoma of the ampulla of Vater received celiac artery infusion of 5-fluorouracil, adriamycin, mitomycin-C, and streptozotocin followed by intravenous administration of the same combination. In two patients with measurable disease, one partial (6.0 months) and one complete response (16.0 + months) occurred. Two out of three patients remain alive at 30.0+ and 21.0+ months. Carcinoma of the ampulla of Vater may be a neoplasm responsive to combination chemotherapy. PMID- 6232430 TI - Folding of two large nucleotide chains. AB - We have already described the FOLD-A code designed for folding mRNA's and single stranded DNA molecules (Nussinov & Pieczenik, 1984). In this paper we describe its application to two long polynucleotide chains: the A protein gene of the MS2 RNA and the whole genome of the phi X 174 phage. The folded form of the single stranded DNA of the phi X 174 is a six armed star with the origin of replication in its center. PMID- 6232431 TI - Complete atrioventricular canal associated with tetralogy of Fallot. Morphologic and surgical considerations. AB - Between 1962 and 1979, 14 patients with complete atrioventricular canal and tetralogy of Fallot underwent repair of both anomalies. The ages of the patients ranged from 1 to 12 years. Six patients had Down's syndrome. Five of the 14 had one or more previous systemic-pulmonary artery shunts. The correct diagnosis was established preoperatively in 11 of the patients. The ventricular septal defect, with its large anterior subaortic extension, was repaired by a combined atrial and right ventricular approach in five patients and by an atrial approach alone in nine. Outflow tract reconstruction (transannular patch) was performed in seven patients, without affecting the surgical mortality. Mortality was higher with associated Down's syndrome, but not significantly so (p = 0.1), and was related to age less than 4 years (p = 0.04). The presence of complete atrioventricular canal should be considered in patients with tetralogy of Fallot, especially those having Down's syndrome, electrocardiographic superior-axis deviation, and vectorcardiographic counterclockwise frontal QRS loop. This diagnosis can be confirmed preoperatively by right and left ventricular angiocardiography and two dimensional echocardiography. The overall risk of repair has been high (29% early, 14% late mortality), but the mortality has been reduced to 17% during the last 10 years. No deaths have occurred in five recent patients who underwent closure of the ventricular septal defect by a combined atrial and ventricular approach. PMID- 6232432 TI - Megakaryoblastic differentiation of proerythroblastic K562 cell-line cells. AB - The human proerythroblastic leukemia cell-line K562 was induced to differentiate into megakaryocytic cells by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA). Megakaryocytic differentiation was detected when lineage-specific monoclonal antibodies were used to monitor the effect of TPA on K562 cells. A monoclonal anti-platelet antibody (C17) directed against an epitope present on GP IIIa appeared to react with K562 cells after induction. This was observed together with the disappearance of glycophorin A, the erythrocyte-specific lineage antigen. The induced megakaryocytic cells were also detected by ultrastructural platelet peroxidase (PPO). Immunoprecipitation, after ectolabeling of the cells with the C17 antibody and SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, proved that TPA induced K562 expressed both GP IIIa and GP IIb. However, the monoclonal antibody C15 directed against another epitope of platelet GP IIIa reacted only partially, or not at all, indicating that GP IIIa expressed on TPA-induced K562 differs structurally from that on normal platelets. K562 clones, expressing glycophorin A in all cells, were obtained by limiting dilution and culture. When these clones were treated with TPA, again megakaryocytic cells were obtained. These findings are discussed in relation to normal megakaryocytopoiesis. PMID- 6232433 TI - Interleukin-1 synthesis and activity in aged mice. AB - Recent studies have provided evidence that deficient interleukin-2 (IL-2) production by helper T cells contributes to the impaired T-cell-mediated functions observed in aged mice. Since most of these responses depend upon the presence of macrophages, a deficit in the functional capacity or in cell cooperation of macrophages may result in a decrease in immune reactivity. We found in the present study, that in vitro the cytostatic activity of macrophages from aged C57BL/6 (B6) mice is affected only slightly, but that in vivo their number increases with age. The synthesis of IL-1 is reduced when macrophages from aged mice are stimulated in vitro by lipopolysaccharide, but addition of exogenous IL-1 apparently does not restore either the mixed lymphocyte reaction or cytotoxic T lymphocyte generation. Co-cultures of young splenic macrophages with aged T lymphocytes do not restore to normal level the impaired proliferative response to T mitogens of aged B6 mice, but aged splenic macrophages provide a full accessory help for mitogenesis of young T cells. Thus, absorption of IL-1 by phytohemagglutinin-activated T cells is slightly altered in aged mice. IL-2 responsive T cells are not altered since exogenous IL-2 supply in vitro completely reconstitutes cytotoxic T lymphocyte generation after an allogeneic stimulation. Moreover, the number of Lyt 1+ cells is not modified in aged B6 mice. These results suggest that the impaired capacity of macrophages to release IL-1 and of blast T cells to bind IL-1 may contribute to the depression of cell mediated immune reactivity associated with aging but also that the main defect is a functional lesion of IL-2 production by Lyt 1+ helper T cells. PMID- 6232435 TI - Utilization and costs of Medicare services by beneficiaries in their last year of life. AB - This study examines Medicare utilization in the last year of life by over 10,000 beneficiaries who died in the state of Colorado in 1978. Overall, Medicare use averaged over $6,000 in 1978, compared with use by a random sample of survivors of less than $1,000. Eighty-nine percent of the charges during the last year of life were for services received in a hospital. Average charges vary by entitlement status, with the aged using, on the average, $5,955, the disabled $7,771, and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) beneficiaries an average of $44,400 in their last year. These charges are more than six times greater than yearly charges for aged and disabled survivors and more than three times greater than the yearly charges for ESRD survivors. The distributions of data for the groups who died is highly skewed, but not as skewed as that for the survivors. The top 1% of the survivors consumed 21% of the total charges, compared with less than 9% total charges consumed by the top 1% of those who died. When the data are examined by date of service divided into quarterly periods in the last year, more than 60% of the expenditures are in the last quarter just before death, with more hospital days and more intensive hospital ancillary service use during this period. PMID- 6232434 TI - Use of health services by chronically ill and disabled children. AB - Hospitalization and use of outpatient health care services during a 1-year period by 369 pediatric patients with cystic fibrosis, cerebral palsy, myelodysplasia, or multiple physical handicaps and 456 randomly selected children without congenital conditions from the Cleveland area were examined. Use of hospitalization and outpatient services by the average chronically ill or disabled child was 10 times that of the average comparison child. Physician specialists, occupational and physical therapists, and school nurses were the major outpatient categories used disproportionately by children with chronic illnesses or disabilities. The major share of health care used by children with chronic conditions was attributable to a small subset of children: All hospital care was accounted for by one third of the children, and three quarters of all outpatient care was accounted for by one quarter of that sample. Hospital care was used at similar rates by the four diagnostic groups. However, amount and type of outpatient care varied by diagnosis, level of functional impairment, race, and income. Estimated average expenditure for health services used by the chronically ill or disabled sample was 10 times that of the comparison sample. Relative distribution of estimated expenditures across types of services differed for the two samples as well as among diagnostic categories. PMID- 6232436 TI - [Neurologic indications for bromocriptine (in addition to Parkinson's disease)]. PMID- 6232437 TI - Identification of subsets of lymphocytes infiltrating head and neck tumor tissue: a preliminary report. AB - Monoclonal antibodies reactive to distinct subclasses of lymphocytes were used to identify lymphocytes infiltrating tissue obtained from patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. The majority of lymphocytes present were T cells with very few B-lymphocytes and natural killer cells present. A variety of patterns of infiltration and relationship of T-helper to T-suppressor lymphocytes was noted. Long-term follow-up studies will be required to determine the clinical significance of infiltration by different T-lymphocyte subclasses. PMID- 6232439 TI - The physical environment and disabled persons: beyond accessibility. PMID- 6232438 TI - Sex offending: law, medicine, science, media and the diffusion of sexological knowledge. PMID- 6232440 TI - [My profession--my pride]. PMID- 6232441 TI - Solubilization of functional membrane proteins. PMID- 6232442 TI - Affinity partitioning. PMID- 6232443 TI - Treatment of the handicapped including 'Baby Does'. PMID- 6232444 TI - In-vitro fertilization in Western Australia. A viable service programme. AB - A service programme of in-vitro fertilization ( IVF ) and embryo transfer (ET) has been established in a small unit in Western Australia after a successful pilot study which was undertaken in 1981. The key features of the programme include simplified monitoring of the follicular phase of stimulated cycles; oocyte retrieval and ET are both undertaken during routine daytime work schedules. The results of the first eight months of the programme are presented, during which 13 further pregnancies were generated and 10 healthy infants were delivered (seven boys and three girls). In the last session in which 49 patients took part a mean of 2.3 mature preovulatory oocytes were collected by means of a double-lumen aspiration/flushing needle from 98% of 48 patients who reached the laparoscopy stage. Ninety-four per cent of 48 patients proceeded to embryo transfer by means of a double-catheter technique; the pregnancy rate was 20.8% per laparoscopy or 22.7% per embryo transfer. PMID- 6232445 TI - Carcinoma cuniculatum of the abdominal wall. AB - A case of carcinoma cuniculatum (verrucous carcinoma of the skin) is reported. The 15 X 16 cm tumour was located on the abdominal wall. We believe this to be the first reported case of carcinoma cuniculatum occurring on the abdominal wall. PMID- 6232446 TI - Damages for industrial deafness. A study of cases. PMID- 6232447 TI - [Swarming of Culex pipiens pipiens L]. PMID- 6232448 TI - [Relation between the population count of taiga ticks (Ixodes persulcatus P. Sch.) and their virophoricity in the tick-borne encephalitis foci of Novgorod Province]. PMID- 6232449 TI - [Sensitivity of Anopheles sacharovi Favre. mosquitoes to malathion, propoxur and DDT in the Azerbaijan SSR]. PMID- 6232450 TI - [Comprehensive study of an opisthorchiasis focus in the area of the Irtysh Karaganda Canal]. PMID- 6232451 TI - [Effect of anthropogenic factors on the formation and development of diphyllobothriasis foci]. PMID- 6232452 TI - [General anesthesia in the stomatologic treatment of children in a single visit]. PMID- 6232454 TI - [The influence of the paternal age on the occurrence of Down's syndrome]. PMID- 6232455 TI - Mechanical low back pain. PMID- 6232453 TI - Optical communication aids in rehabilitation. AB - Two types of low-cost optical communication aids for non-vocal paralyzed patients are described: one based on reflection via mirrors and the other based on refraction via prisms. The recognition by the partner, when the handicapped person looks straight via the mirror/prism into his eyes, is crucial in the selection of the corresponding symbol in this communication process. The configurations in which the mirrors/prisms are arranged in aids of one- or two dimensions, respectively. Preceding the choice of an advanced eye-controlled aid, eye defects can be detected using two-dimensional aids. Both types of optical communicators have been used in rehabilitation. The prism-aids appeared to be preferable to mirror-devices and to ETRAN-window in the communication process for speech replacement or in playing simple games. PMID- 6232456 TI - [Influence of the surgical stress on graft-versus-host reaction in mice--the suppressor activity to GVH reaction induced by the surgical operation]. AB - The influences of surgical stress on the local graft-versus-host reaction (GvHR) in F1 mice were studied. Skin incision to the F1 mice inflicted to 1 day prior to injection of parental spleen cells produced impairment of popliteal lymph node enlargement, however, this effect was not observed when GvHR was induced on the day 3 and 5 after operation. Spleen cells from hind limb amputated F1 mice exhibited suppressor activity on local GvH reaction when injected into naive syngenic F1 mice together. This suppressor activity was markedly detected 3 and 24 hrs after operation, then gradually reduced and completely disappeared on the day 7. These suppressor activity completely disappeared by the treatment with anti-Thy 1.2. antibody and complement. These results showed that GvH reaction was suppressed by the surgical stress, and this suppression was due to suppressor T lymphocytes in the spleen. PMID- 6232457 TI - [Analysis of specific cellular immunity in renal transplant recipients by MLR & CML]. AB - The specific cellular immunity of renal transplant recipients was investigated by MLR & CML. MLR has been thought to reflect the disparity of HLA-D locus between two individuals and CML to represent an in vitro model for graft rejection and graft adaptation. Anti-donor and anti-control reactivities were diminished in MLR immediately after transplantation even during acute rejection. These MLR suppression are probably due to immuno-suppressive drugs. In acute rejection episode, CML reactivity against donor was elevated and well correlated with clinical findings, but on the other hand, MLR reactivity was suppressed. This discrepancy indicates that strong MLR is not needed to induce high CML. The in vitro development of cytotoxic T cells as a result of proliferation in MLR is impaired in long term survivors and quiescent recipients after transplantation. These suppression is directed to specific donor but not to unrelated third party cells. I have demonstrated the MHC restricted CML suppressor T cell by using HLA identical monozygous twin's lymphocyte. This suppressor T cell may prove to be of value in enhancing graft acceptance and play a part of immunomodulations. PMID- 6232458 TI - Reduced Langerhans' cell Ia antigen and ATPase activity in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. AB - We investigated the possible role of a defect in antigen-presenting cells in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), by enumeration of Langerhans' cells, the epidermal antigen-presenting cells. These cells were stained for the characteristic markers, surface Ia antigen and surface ATPase activity. A significant reduction was observed in the number of stained cells per square millimeter of body-surface area in 24 patients with AIDS and either opportunistic infections (Ia, 258 +/- 34, and ATPase, 274 +/- 46) or Kaposi's sarcoma (Ia, 378 +/- 100, and ATPase, 530 +/- 26), as compared with 38 appropriate controls (Ia, 721 +/- 13, and ATPase, 693 +/- 12). Examination of six patients with an "AIDS related complex" revealed significantly reduced numbers of Langerhans' cells per square millimeter; this reduction was more pronounced in staining for Ia antigen (306 +/- 69) than in staining for ATPase activity (517 +/- 101). Given the known role of Ia expression in antigen presentation, we suggest that functional alterations in Langerhans' cells, and perhaps also in antigen-presenting cells in tissues other than skin, may be involved in the pathogenesis of AIDS. PMID- 6232460 TI - Response to hepatitis B virus vaccine in subjects with low levels of antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen. PMID- 6232459 TI - Changes in T-lymphocyte subpopulations after antigenic bronchial provocation in asthmatics. AB - To determine whether inhaled agents can alter T-cell subsets in the peripheral blood of patients with bronchial asthma, we tested six asymptomatic asthmatics who were sensitive to mixed grass (positive skin test) with mixed grass extract, methacholine, and an antigen to which they were not sensitized (negative skin test). Levels of OKT4 cells (helper T lymphocytes) were reduced in the peripheral blood immediately after the challenge with mixed grass extract, and remained low for at least 72 hours. Levels of Ia-positive (activated) T cells were increased 48 hours after the challenge. No changes were observed in any of these T-cell subpopulations after challenge with methacholine or after the inhalation of an equal amount of an antigen to which the subjects were not sensitized. These results suggest that the selective loss of circulating helper T cells and an increase in activated T cells after an asthmatic attack induced by antigenic inhalation may serve as an indicator of immune-mediated bronchoconstriction. PMID- 6232461 TI - Deficient OKT4 epitope on helper T cells in patient with SLE: confusion with AIDS. PMID- 6232462 TI - Latterday lessons of lambda and lac. PMID- 6232463 TI - The role of protein kinase C in cell surface signal transduction and tumour promotion. AB - Protein kinase C has a crucial role in signal transduction for a variety of biologically active substances which activate cellular functions and proliferation. When cells are stimulated, protein kinase C is transiently activated by diacylglycerol which is produced in the membrane during the signal induced turnover of inositol phospholipids. Tumour-promoting phorbol esters, when intercalated into the cell membrane, may substitute for diacylglycerol and permanently activate protein kinase C. The enzyme probably serves as a receptor for the tumour promoters. Further exploration of the roles of this enzyme may provide clues for understanding the mechanism of cell growth and differentiation. PMID- 6232464 TI - Evidence from in vitro studies that tolerance to self antigens is MHC-restricted. AB - Mature T cells respond to foreign antigens in the context of self major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-encoded products: T helper cells recognize antigen in the context of class II molecules, while cytotoxic T cells (CTL) recognize antigen plus class I molecules. Recent evidence suggests that the MHC restricted T cell is unable to recognize either the foreign antigen or the self MHC product alone, but only a complex of the two. Unresponsiveness to self antigens--self tolerance--implies the deletion or suppression of clones of T cells having reactivity to self antigens. Here we demonstrate the presence in normal mice of T cells which recognize self antigens together with allogeneic MHC products. This finding suggests the MHC restriction of T-cell recognition during the entire process of T-cell ontogeny, that is, MHC restriction of self tolerance. PMID- 6232465 TI - Longevity, disability, and retirement. PMID- 6232466 TI - Stimulation of postirradiation DNA synthesis in ultraviolet irradiated HeLa cells by fluorodeoxyuridine. AB - The influence of precultivation with fluorodeoxyuridine (FdUrd) on the rate of overall DNA synthesis in ultraviolet (UV) irradiated HeLa cells has been studied. HeLa cells were pretreated either for 24 h with FdUrd, or for 6 h with FdUrd + 18 h in FdUrD-free medium before UV irradiation (10 Jm-2). Both pretreatments stimulated the rate of DNA synthesis not only in unirradiated but also in UV irradiated cells. It is concluded that precultivation of HeLa cells with FdUrd increased the UV resistance of DNA synthesis in comparison with untreated cells. PMID- 6232467 TI - Reticulo-endothelial function in glomerulonephritis. AB - IgG- and C3b-coated erythrocytes were used to investigate splenic Fc-receptor function and hepatic C3b-receptor function by measurements of their blood clearance. Most patients with glomerular disease including those who were HLA, A1, B8, DR3 had normal Fc-receptor function. Occasional individuals with persistent glomerulonephritis had delayed clearance unrelated to disease activity. In rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis, the phenomenon of 'reticulo endothelial blockade' was confirmed. C3b-receptor function was normal in most patients with persistent glomerulonephritis. A defect in splenic Fc-receptor function hepatic C3b-receptor function is unlikely to underlie persistent glomerulonephritis. PMID- 6232468 TI - The effects of 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine and p-chlorophenylalanine on thyrotrophin releasing hormone in regions of the brain and spinal cord of the rat. AB - The distribution of thyrotrophin-releasing hormone (TRH) and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) were compared in ten regions of the rat brain and in lumbar spinal cord. After dissection, using a cutting box and tissue punches, TRH was measured by radioimmunoassay and 5-HT by HPLC with electrochemical detection. Within the brain the highest levels of TRH were found in the median eminence and the remaining hypothalamus. There were also relatively high levels in the suprachiasmatic nucleus, septal nuclei and nucleus accumbens. Highest levels of 5 HT were found in the raphe nuclei, hypothalamic nuclei, nucleus accumbens, stria terminalis, septal nuclei and hippocampus. 5,7-Dihydroxytryptamine (5,7-DHT; 200 micrograms, i.c.v.) markedly reduced levels of 5-HT in brain and spinal cord. In the ventral lumbar cord there was a comparable decrease of TRH and 5-HT (-80%) and a smaller but significant decrease in the nucleus accumbens (-55%) and septal nuclei (-38%). p-Chlorophenylalanine (PCPA; 250 mg/kg X 2) reduced levels of 5-HT (-80%), without significantly altering those of noradrenaline. p Chlorophenylalanine also significantly reduced levels of TRH in the nucleus accumbens (-72%) but not in the other regions of brain or spinal cord taken. The results are discussed in relation to the previously described co-existence of TRH and 5-HT in the spinal cord and the possible alternative forms of interactions between amine and peptide in the nucleus accumbens. PMID- 6232469 TI - Sacrolithiasis. A case report. AB - In this paper we report a case of an extradural sacral cyst containing a stone. PMID- 6232471 TI - [Morpho-functional echocardiographic aspects in a group of subjects with stable arterial hypertension]. PMID- 6232470 TI - Infections and infestations of the central nervous system in India. A review. AB - Based on extensive personal experiences during the past three decades, a review is given on infections and infestations of the central nervous system, which are found in India and in other tropical and subtropical areas. Besides the main disease such as tuberculosis, pyogenic infections and parasitic infestations, rare lesions are also discussed. The literature has been cited in extenso and more especially the contributions by Indian neurosurgeons and neurologists. PMID- 6232473 TI - Isolated spontaneous fallopian tube torsion diagnosed by laparoscopy and ultrasonography. PMID- 6232472 TI - [Liver injuries. Clinico-diagnostic and therapeutic problems]. AB - Out of 116 cases of abdominal trauma observed, 6 (23%) consisted of hepatic lesions. In 2 cases (33.3%) the hepatic lesion was isolated. In the other cases, it was associated with lesions to the diaphragm, duodenum, pancreas or thorax. After emphasis on the gravity of such lesions and the high mortality rate (33.3% in the cases observed) the factors contributing to the extremely gloomy prognosis are discussed and the basic therapeutic approach to injuries of varying gravity is outlined. PMID- 6232474 TI - Polycystic ovarian disease. PMID- 6232476 TI - Worksite modifications offer new hope for disabled. PMID- 6232477 TI - [Basic principles of prevention and rehabilitation in gastroenterology]. PMID- 6232475 TI - Peritoneal fluid prostaglandins in endometriosis, tubal disorders, and unexplained infertility. AB - To elucidate the roles of prostaglandins in peritoneal fluid and sex steroids in patients with endometriosis (N = 29), tubal disorders (N = 15), and unexplained infertility (N = 13), assays were performed using 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha (6-keto-PGF1 alpha) (a metabolite of prostacyclin), thromboxane B2 (a metabolite of thromboxane A2), estradiol, and progesterone. Women with normal pelvic anatomy (N = 25) served as controls. Peritoneal fluid 6-keto-PGF1 alpha concentrations in patients with endometriosis (742 +/- 104 pg/ml, mean +/- SE), tubal disorders (987 +/- 211 pg/ml), and unexplained infertility (1659 +/- 770 pg/ml) were higher than those in the control women (515 +/- 77 pg/ml). The thromboxane B2 levels in the peritoneal fluid in endometriosis (554 +/- 73 pg/ml), tubal disorders (614 +/ 107 pg/ml), and unexplained infertility (668 +/- 161 pg/ml) were higher than the levels in the control subjects (333 +/- 23 pg/ml). There was no relationship between 6-keto-PGF1 alpha/thromboxane B2 in peritoneal fluid and day of menstrual cycle. The concentrations of estradiol and progesterone were normal in all patient groups and were not related to the 6-keto-PGF1 alpha and thromboxane B2 levels. The authors suggest that these prostanoids, which may contribute to infertility, may originate mainly from the peritoneum as a result of irritation by endometriotic implants, tubal adhesions, and scarring. PMID- 6232479 TI - [What role do genetic factors play in the etiology of minimal brain dysfunction?]. PMID- 6232478 TI - [Cooperation and coordination in health education by the public health department]. PMID- 6232480 TI - [Personnel situation (particularly physicians) in the public health service from 1951 to 1980 as compared to ambulatory and hospital care. II]. PMID- 6232482 TI - [Family-suited living]. PMID- 6232481 TI - [Infection by Campylobacter jejuni/coli: bacteriological, clinical and epidemiological aspects]. PMID- 6232483 TI - [Focal points in improving hospital hygiene. Results of a medical economics study]. PMID- 6232484 TI - [In memory of V.N. Blokhin (on the 85th anniversary of his birth)]. PMID- 6232485 TI - [Tissue oxygenation in clinical variants of lumbar vertebrogenic pain]. PMID- 6232487 TI - Musculoskeletal assessment. Low back pain assessment: Part III--The physical examination. PMID- 6232486 TI - [Safer use of the Gruntzing balloon catheter with automatic pressure control]. PMID- 6232488 TI - [Filaria medinensis: differential serodiagnosis using ELISA]. AB - An immunoenzymatic technic ELISA has been used to permit the diagnosis of Dracunculus medinensis . In effect an immunological tool to differentiate helminthiasis, particularly filariosis does not exist yet. For this purpose we have begun to prepare an homologous antigen of a filariosis species ( Dracunculus medinensis ). The antigen extract from the worm has been put in microtiter plaques at the concentration of 25 micrograms/ml with sera diluted 1/1000. The reactions has been performed with anti-G human globulin marked with peroxydase . The results showed that there exist no cross reactivity between Dracunculus medinensis and other helminthiasis even filariosis . PMID- 6232489 TI - [Langerhans cells: methods of identification]. AB - Since their first description by P. Langerhans in 1868, the identification of these "clear dendritic cells of the epidermis" has been facilitated by the discovery of specific markers: enzymes ATP ase, endogenous peroxidase; Birbek granules, an ultrastructural organelle described in 1961; immunological membrane markers shared with the Macrophage-Monocyte-Histiocyte system (1977): receptors for the Fc fragment of the immunoglobulins and for complement, HLA-DR (la) antigen. In the skin, the Langerhans cell represents the epidermal equivalent of the macrophage, forming in conjunction with keratinocytes, a reticulo-epithelial system: the fact that the Langerhans cell is marked by the glial S-100 protein suggests that the Langerhans cell represents a monocyte sub-population, morphologically and functionally different from tissue-histiocytes; recently the discovery of membrane antigens defined by monoclonal antibodies: OKT 6, OKT 11 and BL 6, suggests that Langerhan 's cells may be considered as "distinct" macrophages, that have acquired antigenic differenciation in thymic and epidermic epithelia. The nosologic connection between Langerhans cells and "indeterminate cells of the epidermis" remains unclear. PMID- 6232490 TI - [Generation of cytotoxic lymphocytes in lympho-epidermal mixed cultures in man]. AB - The ability of human normal skin epidermal cells (EC) to induce the generation of alloreactive cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) was investigated in vitro using the Mixed Skin Cell lymphocyte Reaction (MSLR) model. In human MSLR, EC stimulated the proliferation of allogeneic peripheral blood lymphocytes (L) as measured, after 6 days, by 3H-thymidine uptake. In parallel, the generation of alloreactive CTL was tested in 18 hr 51CR release assays against L targets (targets autologous to EC that stimulated in MSLR). Allogeneic, not autologous MSLR, lead to the generation of CTL; alloreactive CTL were not generated against targets allogeneic to stimulating EC; no CTL activity occurred without previous stimulation by EC. These data indicate that in vitro MSLR may provide an useful tool for the investigation of lympho-epidermal interactions in man and our understanding of lymphocytotoxicity mechanisms that occur in vivo in response and/or directed to epidermal constituents . PMID- 6232491 TI - Immune complexes in IgA nephropathy (Berger's disease). PMID- 6232492 TI - Fluorescent probes for rapid tests of cellular immunoreactivity. PMID- 6232493 TI - Monoclonal antibodies against antigens of the human platelet surface: preparation and properties. AB - Three monoclonal antibodies, FMC24, 25 and 27, reactive with human platelets, are described. In normal blood the 3 antibodies are specific for platelets, but FMC27 reacts with leukemic blast cells in a proportion of acute leukemias. FMC25 precipitates the platelet membrane glycoprotein lb and a glycoprotein of molecular weight 22,000. The antibodies show different effects on platelet aggregation. PMID- 6232494 TI - [Effect of paraquat on histochemical changes in the skin]. PMID- 6232495 TI - Mathematical function for maternal age in Down's syndrome. AB - The purpose of this study is to fit a mathematic function to the observed risk figures for Down's syndrome at various maternal ages. Data from the New York State and Swedish studies were used. It was found that the estimated risks fitted the exponential relationship very well, with a correlation coefficient of over 0.94. An even better correlation was found (over 0.97) for each 5-yr period in the New York State study. The exponential relationship was given by: I = aebx, where 1/I is the estimated risk; x, the maternal age in years; and a and b, the constants. In both studies there was considerable variation in the values of a and b with maternal age as well as an excellent correlation between ln a and b for the 5-yr periods. This function may be used to test various hypotheses for the effect of maternal age in Down's syndrome. PMID- 6232496 TI - [System of point scoring of manually drawn vectorcardiographic QRS loops in the diagnosis of right-ventricular hypertrophy in children]. PMID- 6232497 TI - [Setting up a schedule for drug requirements of pediatric services in the Kursk Province]. PMID- 6232499 TI - Compliance with parking for handicapped: an informal look. PMID- 6232498 TI - Sensitivity of preincubated lymphocytes to suppressor regulation. AB - DNA synthesis of human peripheral blood lymphocytes increases if Con A is added to the culture after 24 h preincubation at 37 degrees C. During preincubation the mitogen reactive lymphocytes lose their sensitivity to the suppressive effect of autologous mitomycin-treated mononuclear leukocytes, and of supernatants of autologous preincubated cells. The reactive lymphocytes preincubated at 4 degrees C retain their sensitivity to the suppressive effect of regulatory cells and their supernatants. It is assumed that the enhancement of mitogen response after preincubation at 37 degrees C is caused by a decrease of suppressor regulation of human lymphocytes. Prostaglandins may be regarded as one of the mediators of the suppression. PMID- 6232500 TI - Discharge activity of spindle afferents from the gastrocnemius-soleus muscle during head rotation in the decerebrate cat. AB - The activity of spindle afferents originating from both primary and secondary endings of the isometrically extended (6-8 mm) gastrocnemius-soleus (GS) muscle was recorded in precollicular decerebrate cats during sinusoidal head rotation about the longitudinal axis above a stationary body. In the first group of experiments to test the influence of vestibular volleys on fusimotor neurons, an acute bilateral neck deafferentation at C1-C3 was performed to eliminate possible influences arising from neck receptors; head rotation (0.026 Hz, +/- 15 degrees) induced a weak periodic rate modulation in 6/38 (15.8%) of the tested spindle afferents; the average response gain was 0.18 +/- 0.12, SD imp./s/deg (mean firing rate, 18.9 +/- 2.8 imp./s), and the average phase angle was -43.2 +/- 47.0 degrees, SD lag with respect to ipsilateral side-down displacement of the head (alpha-response pattern). In a second group of experiments head rotation studied after acute bilateral section of VIII cranial nerve, thereby stimulating only neck receptors, failed to influence in a reliable manner the firing rate of 38 additional spindle afferents. In a third group of experiments in which both VIII nerves and cervical dorsal roots were left intact, head rotation induced a response in 7/45 (15.6%) of the tested spindle afferents similar to that observed after cervical deafferentiation and thus depended on stimulation of labyrinth receptors alone. Over the examined frequency range of head rotation from 0.015 to 0.325 Hz (+/- 15 degrees), the response gain of spindle afferents was relatively stable during sinusoidal labyrinth stimulation. For most of the spindle afferents the phase angle of the response elicited at the lower frequencies was related to the direction of head orientation towards the ipsilateral sidedown, thus being attributed to labyrinth volleys originating from macular receptors; at 0325 Hz the stimulus was less effective and some units showed a phase advance relative to head position which was attributed to costimulation of canal receptors. Displacement of the muscle under study obtained by either rotation of the whole animal or body alone beneath a stationary head elicited a periodic modulation of spindle afferent discharge, independent of head orientation or type of preparation, in 51/73 (70%) of the muscle spindles tested; the average response gain was 0.20 +/- 0.19, SD imp./s/deg, and an average phase lead of +14.1 +/- 20.5 degrees, SD with respect to the peak of the ipsilateral side-down displacement of the body or of the animal was observed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6232501 TI - A DNA-recombinogenic activity in human cells. AB - A DNA recombining protein has been partly purified from cell lines derived from patients suffering from the hereditary disease, Bloom's syndrome. The protein induces the formation of displacement loops in phi X174 RFI DNA molecules after the addition of single-stranded DNA fragments. A filter binding method and electron microscopy were used to determine the reaction. The recombinogenic protein is dependent on divalent cations and ATP for activity. PMID- 6232503 TI - Crossroads care. PMID- 6232502 TI - Association of an RNA polymerase III transcription factor with a ribonucleoprotein complex recognized by autoimmune sera. AB - RNA polymerase III transcription can be inhibited in vitro by two sera from patients with autoimmune diseases. The first serum, designated anti-SS-B (or La), has antibodies directed against a 50,000 dalton polypeptide that is part of a larger ribonucleoprotein complex. The second serum, designated anti-SpNo, recognizes a target antigen polypeptide of greater than 100,000 daltons as well as the SS-B antigen. Both sera selectively remove required transcription factors from the transcription extract, and inhibition can be rescued by the addition of a HeLa S100 extract to the depleted transcription system. The HeLa S100 extract was sequentially fractionated by ion-exchange chromatography on DEAE-cellulose and phosphocellulose. The high salt eluate from the latter column was also able to rescue the anti-SS-B inhibition as was the immunoaffinity-purified SS-B ribonucleoprotein complex isolated from HeLa, Xenopus or rabbit thymus. Immunoblots of the active fractions indicated that all contained the SS-B immunoreactive polypeptide, but probes of replica filters for DNA-binding suggested that the transcription factor is not the SS-B antigen but a 64,000 dalton polypeptide component of the antigen ribonucleoprotein complex. SS-B is itself an RNA-binding protein and could be shown to bind nascent 5S RNA transcripts in vitro. Differential ammonium sulfate precipitation and DNA cellulose chromatography has confirmed that a group of 64-68 K dalton polypeptides are components of the SS-B ribonucleoprotein complex associated with transcription factor activity. PMID- 6232504 TI - Spotlight on children. Supporting disabled parents in the community. PMID- 6232505 TI - [Instrumental dilatation of the coronary arteries]. PMID- 6232506 TI - [Somatomedins. II. Regulation of secretion and their clinical significance]. PMID- 6232507 TI - [Properties, structure and function of chloroplast coupling factor (CF1)]. PMID- 6232508 TI - Coronary angioplasty. A procedure that has 'come of age'. AB - Until recently, coronary bypass surgery was the only method of revascularization therapy available for patients with coronary artery disease. Now, percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA), introduced in 1977, has been refined to the degree that it offers a better alternative in selected patients. Primary success rates of more than 90% can be achieved, and emergency bypass surgery can be avoided in all but 3% to 10% of patients and Q-wave infarction in all but 1% to 4%. Because of the availability of PTCA, efforts should be made to identify coronary artery disease early, when patients are most likely to qualify for this procedure. PMID- 6232509 TI - [Characteristics of lung perfusion scintigraphy in perioperative function diagnosis]. PMID- 6232510 TI - Vesicles with transport capability isolated from cultured fibroblasts. AB - Plasmalemmas from cultured human skin fibroblasts, isolated by a simple and reproducible method, can be converted to vesicles which are capable of active transport of aminoacid when glutathione is included within the vesicles. In the isolation, the plasmalemmas are stabilized with a Ricinus lectin, with preservation of the classic plasmalemma enzymes. The procedure has been applied successfully to a number of normal and abnormal human skin fibroblasts including those of myotonia dystrophica and progeria victims, and to the lung fibroblast WI 38. As part of a study of the characteristics of transport enzymes related to aging and to the muscular dystrophies in cultured fibroblasts, it was desirable to simplify the system by the use of vesicles prepared from the fibroblast plasmalemmas. The procedure described below is similar in some respects to that applied to another membranous system in the use of a lectin to stabilize the plasmalemma structure. The use of other stabilizing agents such as heavy metals and surfactant polymers which react with the membranes, but could compromise the reliability of the enzyme assays, was avoided. Since the focus of this study was on the enzymic systems of transport, the examination of facilitated diffusion or exchange was excluded. The well defined glutathione-dependent mechanism of aminoacid transport was examined to verify the competence of the vesicles for active transport and to confirm their sidedness. Other enzymes of transport, the ATPases, and membrane marker enzymes were also determined. PMID- 6232511 TI - [Allergic vasculitis disclosing brucellosis]. PMID- 6232512 TI - [Hemolytic-uremic syndrome of viral origin successfully treated by plasma exchange]. PMID- 6232513 TI - [Polyarthritis in anisakiasis. 1st case]. PMID- 6232514 TI - [Idiopathic ventricular tachycardia with right block and left axis sensitive to verapamil. An electrophysiologic electrocardiographic entity]. PMID- 6232515 TI - [Pulmonary radiography performed in bedridden patients in intensive care. Evaluation of secondary irradiation]. PMID- 6232516 TI - [Myocardial infarction and caval thrombosis associated with heparin-induced thrombopenia]. PMID- 6232517 TI - [Decrease in fibronectin in suction bullae in scleroderma patients. Pathogenetic value]. PMID- 6232518 TI - [Parkinsonian syndrome secondary to amoxapine]. PMID- 6232519 TI - [Estimation of urinary density using a simple reagent strip]. PMID- 6232520 TI - [Ketoacidosis during ambulatory treatment by continuous subcutaneous infusion of insulin. Possible role of catheter infection]. PMID- 6232521 TI - [Fluorine poisoning caused by Vichy Saint-Yorre water. A new case]. PMID- 6232522 TI - [Acute cholecystitis caused by postoperative hemocholecyst and regressive retention jaundice]. PMID- 6232523 TI - [Sciatica caused by stenosis of the lumbar spinal canal]. PMID- 6232524 TI - [Tobacco withdrawal. Comparison of the efficacy of various methods. Intermediate results of a comparative study]. AB - A comparative study aimed at evaluating the effectiveness of different methods of detoxication for dependent smokers is currently in progress. In this study, the percentage of subjects who gave up smoking after 1 month and changes in this percentage over a 12-month period are determined in 3 groups of subjects: one group treated with acupuncture, one group treated with a chewing-gum containing nicotine, and a control group. The intermediate analysis results include 45% of the total number of subjects required. They show no statistically significant difference between the control group and the two treated groups. Volunteers are still being recruited. PMID- 6232525 TI - [Plea for monoamine oxidase inhibitors. Retrospective study of 350 cases]. AB - The case-records of 350 outpatients treated with monoamine oxidase inhibitors have been reviewed. All patients presented with depression, obsessions or phobias. About two-thirds benefited from the drugs, particularly after other treatments (including psychotropic drugs, seismotherapy, psychotherapy and internment) had failed. With the moderate doses administered (iproniazide: 50 mg/day; nialamide: 100 mg/day) side-effects were uncommon and mild and no incident was noted in 32 general anaesthesias given for surgical operations. These findings should help in lifting the ban on this category of drugs. Monoamine oxidase inhibitors are effective, useful and sometimes indispensable after failure of other antidepressants. PMID- 6232526 TI - [Relative evaluation of arterial and portal perfusion of the liver during scintigraphy using technetium 99m sodium phytate]. AB - Quantitative assessment of the relative arterial and portal blood flows by calculation of the slopes of the arterial and venous components of the liver first-pass curve was performed in 67 patients with steatosis or cirrhosis referred for liver scintigraphy. In normal subjects, the portal venous blood flow amounts to 74.3 +/- 3% of total liver blood flow. In the present study, this figure was reduced to 58.6 +/- 8.6% in steatosis (n = 5) and 35.5 +/- 14.6% in cirrhosis (n = 33). Analysis of liver blood flow enhances the sensitivity of radioisotopic scans in diffuse liver diseases and is of considerable value for the indication, prognosis and follow-up of surgical shunts. PMID- 6232527 TI - [Lipoatrophic diabetes with acanthosis nigricans. Prolonged blood glucose normalization by continuous infusion of insulin]. AB - Insulin resistance is a permanent feature of lipoatrophic diabetes, the resistance being almost regularly stubborn. We report the case of a 23-year old unmarried woman with generalized lipoatrophy and Acanthosis nigricans. Seven years after a diabetes resistant to all treatments was diagnosed, blood glucose levels were permanently around 25 mmol/l. Multiple and severe micro- and macroangiopathies were present. Partial resistance to insulin was demonstrated. This resistance could not be explained by abnormalities in anti-insulin hormones nor by a decrease in the number or affinity of insulin receptors, which suggested an intracellular abnormality below membrane receptors. Sustained control of glycaemia at a normal level was achieved by continuous infusion of insulin in high doses. It would appear that optimum insulin therapy using an insulin pump would offer hopes of therapeutic success in this particular form of insulin resistance. PMID- 6232528 TI - [Current therapeutic indications of aminoglycosides]. AB - Aminoglycosides still play a major role int e treatment of severe infections, especially those due to Gram-negative bacilli. They are usually administered together with a beta-lactam antibiotic, either to cover a wide antibacterial spectrum, or to obtain a better bactericidal effect, or to prevent the emergence of resistant mutants. They are mainly used in severe urinary tract infections and/or in those due to multiresistant organisms and in Gram-negative pneumonia and meningitis (intrathecally, since they poorly diffuse into the CSF). Combined with cephalosporins they constitute the first-line treatment of severe, life threatening infections caused by Gram-negative aerobes. Given simultaneously with penicillinase-resistant semi-synthetic penicillins or with vancomycin they act synergistically against staphylococci and can be used initially for a few days in the treatment of severe staphylococcal infections. It is also for this synergistic action that they are combined with penicillin G or ampicillin in the treatment of endocarditis. The ototoxic or nephrotoxic effects common to all aminoglycosides can be avoided by adjusting the doses to the degree of renal function, by limiting their use to about a fortnight (except for endocarditis) and by monitoring blood levels. PMID- 6232529 TI - [Endoscopic exploration of the small intestine]. AB - The development of Japanese enteroscopes, mot of which are still prototypes, has made it possible to explore the entire small bowel. These instruments are either introduced into the jejunum like an ordinary endoscope, or pushed along a guidewire, or weighted with mercury, like a Miller-Abbott probe. A simplified study of the adult malabsorption syndrome can be performed by proximal jejunoscopy, usually carried out in Europe with a paediatric colonoscope. Perendoscopic forceps biopsy of the jejunum can replace probe sampling and is well suited to measurements of disaccharidase activity. In cases with "blind loop syndrome", bacteriological examination of the intestinal juice, endoscopically collected in sterile conditions, usefully supplements the visual and bioptic information. Since several investigations can be performed during one single enteroscopic examination, this method will be increasingly used in the study of small bowel diseases. PMID- 6232530 TI - [Empiric antibiotic therapy in granulopenic patients]. PMID- 6232531 TI - [Percutaneous endoluminal angioplasty of the supra-aortic arterial trunks. Immediate and remote results]. AB - Twelve tight stenoses (9 of the subclavian artery, 1 of the axillary artery and 2 of the brachio-cephalic artery) were dilated with immediate satisfactory results in all cases. Only one complication (regressive lesion of the median nerve) was recorded. Eight patients were followed-up for a mean period of 13 months: all were symptom-free, and digital angiography by the intravenous route showed a stable image of patency. From a review of published dilatations of the subclavian artery it appeared that the method is 95% effective, that its mortality is nil and that no complication, notably embolism, has been reported. In view of the risks involved in surgical procedures and of the advantages of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty, at least in theory, this technique seems to be a suitable alternative to surgery in stenoses of the subclavian arteries. PMID- 6232532 TI - [Electrophoretic typing of Escherichia coli esterases in septicemia]. AB - Esterases produced by 175 strains of Escherichia coli isolated from 34 patients with septicaemia were subjected to electrophoresis in acrylamide-agarose gel. Forty-four electrophoretic types were identified, and the septicaemias were divided into two groups according to whether or not all the strains isolated in a given patient were of the same electrophoretic type. In the first group (21 patients) the presence of one single electrophoretic type demonstrated that the strains isolated from haemocultures and those isolated from focal specimens were identical and could be held responsible for infection in different foci. In the second group (13 patients) the presence of different electrophoretic types in the same patient either discard an relationship between strain from haemoculture and strain from focal specimen, or demonstrated that different strains could coexist in a focus of infection, or revealed successive and overlapping infections. These results not only provide precise information on the nature of bacteria responsible for infections, but also have interesting pathophysiological and epidemiological implications. PMID- 6232533 TI - [Immunoglobulin A glomerular nephropathy associated with inflammatory colitis. Apropos of 2 cases]. AB - Two patients, one with ulcerative colitis, the other with Crohn's disease, developed glomerulonephritis due to IgA mesangial deposits. Following symptomatic treatment of the intestinal disease, haematuria subsided in both patients while a second renal biopsy showed disappearance of the mesangial proliferation and IgA deposits. It is suggested that the intestinal and the renal diseases may be linked by abnormal secretion of IgA by the intestinal mucosa with formation of immune complexes, subsequently trapped in the glomerular mesangium. PMID- 6232534 TI - [Genetic counseling and prenatal diagnosis of adrenal hyperplasia caused by 21 hydroxylase deficiency]. AB - The close linkage recently discovered between 21-hydroxylase deficiency and genes of the HLA system has given a new impulse to genetic studies of congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Segregation of the deficient genes can now be followed within the families affected, which considerably enlarges the possibilities of genetic counselling, while prenatal diagnosis is facilitated by modern methods of HLA typing of amniotic fluid cells and by modern techniques of amniotic steroid assays. PMID- 6232536 TI - [Benign acute cerebral angiopathy]. PMID- 6232535 TI - [Hepaticojejunostomy for intrahepatic lithiasis. Complementary procedures]. AB - Hepatico-jejunostomy for intrahepatic lithiasis can usefully be completed by a double trans-hepatic drainage, which makes it possible to wash the biliary tree and flush out residual stones in the post-operative period, and also by cutaneous jejunostomy, which facilitates endoscopic removal of intrahepatic stones remaining in situ. PMID- 6232537 TI - [Bone and hepatic metastases of malignant melanoma. Complete regression after chemotherapy]. PMID- 6232538 TI - [Occurrence of thyroid cancer in New Caledonia]. PMID- 6232539 TI - [Rhabdomyolysis in Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection with acute respiratory distress syndrome]. PMID- 6232540 TI - [Hodgkin's disease in the aged patient]. PMID- 6232541 TI - [Legionella pneumophila pneumonia and septicemia. Fatal complications of hairy cell leukemia developing for 27 years]. PMID- 6232542 TI - [Changes in alpha 2-antiplasmin as a function of meteorological conditions]. PMID- 6232543 TI - [Idiopathic juvenile cutaneous xanthomatosis with normal blood lipids and low levels of high density lipoprotein-cholesterol]. PMID- 6232544 TI - [Pulmonary leukostasis. Therapeutic cytopheresis in respiratory distress]. PMID- 6232545 TI - [The laser. A new perspective in the surgical treatment of cardiovascular diseases]. PMID- 6232546 TI - [Hepatic involvement in sexually transmissible diseases]. PMID- 6232547 TI - [Rigid spine syndrome and its nosological borders. 2 cases]. AB - The rigid spine syndrome is characterized clinically by rigidity due to deficient extensor muscles of the spine (chiefly cervical) and radiologically, by a normal spinal image. Electromyography demonstrates abnormalities suggestive of a myogenic process, and histology shows alterations of muscular fibres. From the case-records of two male patients aged 14 and 15 years respectively, a relationship could be established between various diseases having in common a rigid spine syndrome. These include congenital muscular dystrophias , sequelae of arthrogryposis, Emery - Dreifuss myopathy and myosclerosis . PMID- 6232548 TI - [Epidemiological surveillance of beta-lactamase producing gonococci. I. Auxotyping of 83 strains isolated in France (May 1979-April 1983)]. AB - Ever since they appeared in France, in 1979, penicillinase-producing gonococci have been isolated with increasing frequency. From May, 1979 to April, 1983, eighty-three strains were studied at the Neisseria laboratory. While new resistances to antibiotics can be studied in any laboratory specialized in clinical bacteriology, tests devised for epidemiological purposes can only be performed in a specialized laboratory. This is the case with auxotyping by the Catlin technique. The distribution of auxotypes in a given region over a given period is fairly regular and some distributions are found in the same geographical areas. The fact that the distribution of auxotypes of 83 penicillinase-producing strains significantly differed from that of 594 strains isolated during the same period clearly shows that these strains are not implanted in France and can be regarded as imported. It is suggested that auxotyping should be used for the epidemiological surveillance of extension or implantation of these strains. PMID- 6232549 TI - [Nephrotoxicity of antitumor chemotherapy]. AB - The renal toxicity of antitumoral drugs is an increasingly disturbing problem. These drugs are now prescribed in an ever wider variety of cases, and delayed renal reactions, previously unknown, are revealed by the longer survivals obtained. For a number of years, patients whose cancer had been cured have been placed under haemodialysis on account of drug-induced renal failure. The renal toxicity of cisplatinum, nitrosoureas and methotrexate is well-known, but mitomycin C is also capable of inducing permanent renal failure; the delayed toxicity of this drug explains that it has long been underestimated. This example emphasizes the need for close co-operation between oncologists, nephrologists and pharmacologists in order to determine, for each patient, the most effective treatment with the minimum of side effects. PMID- 6232551 TI - [The CO2 laser in orthopedic surgery. 1st results]. PMID- 6232550 TI - [Plastic reconstruction of the pulmonary outflow tract in truncus arteriosus communis]. AB - A new technique of correction of the truncus arteriosus avoiding the use of a prosthetic conduit is presented. The procedure described comprises anterior translation of the pulmonary bifurcation, reconstruction of the pulmonary outflow tract with a rim transected from the truncus, and direct implantation of the pulmonary artery. PMID- 6232552 TI - [Haemophilus influenzae-Moraxella lacunata. Isolation of a beta-lactamase positive dual association]. PMID- 6232553 TI - [Hepatic hydatidosis associated with probable immunodeficiency. 2 cases]. PMID- 6232554 TI - [Intra-arterial urokinase-lys-plasminogen thrombolytic treatment. An alternative]. PMID- 6232555 TI - [Basedow's ophthalmopathy. Failure of treatment with plasma exchange and azathioprine]. PMID- 6232556 TI - [Spontaneous tendon rupture in chronic renal failure]. PMID- 6232557 TI - [Myasthenic syndrome induced by D,L-carnitine in a chronic hemodialysis patient]. PMID- 6232558 TI - [Plasma fibronectin in hepatic diseases]. PMID- 6232559 TI - [Diabetic microangiopathy. Responsibility of anti-insulin antibodies]. PMID- 6232560 TI - [Thrombosis of the superior longitudinal sinus. Complication of interruption of the inferior vena cava by a filter preventing pulmonary embolism]. PMID- 6232561 TI - [Behcet's disease with circulating anticoagulant]. PMID- 6232562 TI - [Diagnosis of depressive states in the elderly. Value of the dexamethasone suppression test]. PMID- 6232563 TI - [Association of sarcoidosis, Hodgkin's lymphoma and chylothorax]. PMID- 6232564 TI - [Screening for thyroid diseases in internal medicine]. PMID- 6232565 TI - [Bidimensional echocardiography for the emergency diagnosis of poorly-tolerated cardiopathies in the newborn infant]. PMID- 6232566 TI - [Evaluation of the severity of pulmonary embolism. Value of the measurement of stable carbon monoxide transfer capacity]. AB - A non-invasive and easily repeatable method of pulmonary gas exchange evaluation, using measurements of stable carbon monoxide transfer capacity (DLCO) and alveolar-capillary ductance ( DuaCo ), was compared to a complex, invasive method of pulmonary vascular bed evaluation (pulmonary angiography) in 17 patients during the first 24 hours of pulmonary embolism. DLCO and DuaCo measurements were subsequently repeated in several of the patients during the course of the disease. The study showed that DLCO was lowered in both massive (Walsh's angiographic index 12.9 +/- 1.9) and submassive (Walsh's index 4.1 +/- 1.3) pulmonary embolism, with values of 7.0 +/- 2.5 and 7.0 +/- 1.8 ml/min/mm Hg respectively. It also showed a highly significant correlation between the degree of vascular obstruction, as determined by Walsh's angiographic index, and the reduction of alveolar-capillary gas exchange, as evaluated by DuaCo (r = 0.80; p less than 0.001). A progressive improvement in the pulmonary capillary bed perfused could be suspected from the results of DuaCo monitoring during the course of embolism. PMID- 6232568 TI - [Cancer of the breast. Influence of hormonal contraception]. AB - Whether or not oral contraception encourages the development of breast cancer is a much debated problem. The large number or parameters involved makes evaluation extremely difficult. Several theoretical, experimental, clinical, epidemiological and biochemical data suggest that oestrogens may have a detrimental action on the breast, but none of these is very convincing , and there are even cases where oestrogens exert an unquestionably favourable effect on advanced breast cancer. Several progestogens have been accused of inducing malignant mammary nodules in several animal species, but the relevance of these findings to human breast cancers remains doubtful. Depending on dosage and time of administration, the same compound may have diametrically opposite effects on breast carcinogenesis. Pathological studies have shown no difference in breast cancer between users and non users of oral contraceptives. Retrospective and prospective statistical studies have cleared "the pill" of all suspicion, except perhaps in some women at "high risk" of breast cancer. The latest paper by Pike and al. suggests that breast cancer is more frequent in young women on oral contraceptives for more than 8 years and who did not bear children up to term before the age of 25. But this study is open to criticism on several grounds and has not been confirmed by other prospective studies. For the moment, therefore, no firm conclusion can be reached. But while the contra-indications of oral contraceptives must be strictly respected and their users carefully watched, it is equally important to reassure these women and prevent cancerophobia . PMID- 6232567 TI - [Aeromonas hydrophila septicemia. Epidemiologic aspects. 15 cases]. AB - Fifteen cases of Aeromonas hydrophila septicaemia, characterized by their frequent pulmonary lesions and the severity of their course, are reported. The delay observed between admission to hospital and first symptoms, together with the presence of anatomical lesions or physiological disturbances suggesting bacterial invasion by the intestinal route, have led the authors to postulate a nosocomial digestive contamination, probably from water, as suggested by the particular ecology of this micro-organism. This hypothesis was supported by the finding of Aeromonas hydrophila in large numbers at the different points of the hospital water distribution system where samples were taken. PMID- 6232569 TI - [Floating clot in the suprarenal inferior vena cava. Surgical extraction without extracorporeal circulation]. AB - A new technique for extracting floating clots from the suprarenal segment of the inferior vena cava is presented in which the vein is obliterated by a Fogarty catheter, thus preventing the risk of embolism by migration of the clot. This simple technique avoids both the mixed thoracic and abdominal approach and the use of cardiopulmonary bypass. PMID- 6232570 TI - [Osler's endocarditis with pulmonary valve localization. Echocardiographic diagnosis]. PMID- 6232572 TI - [Is it possible to measure intermittent claudication with precision?]. PMID- 6232571 TI - [Detection of a pulmonary localization of Toxoplasma gondii in an immunosuppressed patient]. PMID- 6232573 TI - [Bronchial endoscopy. Determination of lidocaine after intrabronchial administration]. PMID- 6232574 TI - [Acute renal failure in rhabdomyolysis. Inefficacy of plasma exchange?]. PMID- 6232575 TI - [Condensing bony mastocytosis treated with chlorambucil]. PMID- 6232576 TI - [Ulcero-hemorrhagic rectocolitis. Possible manifestation, angiitis of the central nervous system]. PMID- 6232577 TI - [Major intestinal loss of proteins associated with tuberculous constrictive pericarditis. Initial failure of alpha 1-antitrypsin clearance caused by a zone phenomenon]. PMID- 6232578 TI - [Medical treatment of extra-uterine pregnancy with RU 486. A means to avoid surgery]. PMID- 6232579 TI - [Adrenal metastasis simulating primary adrenal tumor]. PMID- 6232580 TI - [The alcohol-chlorpropamide test: its contribution to the knowledge of non insulin-dependent diabetes]. PMID- 6232581 TI - [The alcohol-chlorpropamide test. Study and diagnostic value of changes in cutaneous temperature]. AB - In 30 chlorpropamide-alcohol flushers baseline malar temperature was lower, maximal temperature higher and rise in temperature above baseline higher than in 97 non- flushers . A negative correlation between baseline temperature and temperature rise was found in both groups. Temperature rise is inadequate as objective indicator of flush, since its sensitivity and specificity were about 70%, even with a difference of 1.4 degrees C in temperature. The Wilkin index seems to be preferable, but it has a weak positive predictive value. At present, the results of the chlorpropamide-alcohol flush test can only be evaluated on clinical data. PMID- 6232582 TI - [Measurement of arterial pressure in children. Influence of the resting time, inflatable surface and type of arm-band]. AB - Measurements of arterial pressure in children should be standardized as much as possible. The influence on readings of three factors--pre-measurement resting time, area of the inflatable surface and type of cuff--was investigated in 151 children divided into several homogeneous groups. The study showed that reliable values can only be surface area, it would appear that no modern apparatus provides accurate readings for all age groups. The cuff itself is of little importance, but diastolic pressure values are slightly increased when cuffs with an unprotected bladder are used. PMID- 6232584 TI - [Antiestrogens]. AB - Antioestrogens are synthetic non-steroidal compounds which compete for oestrogen receptors. They induce a biological effect in various oestrogen target tissues in peripheral and central organs, but other mechanisms of action that do not involve oestrogen receptors are possible. Depending on the species and organ investigated, the biological effect may vary from pure antioestrogenic to pseudo oestrogenic. Antioestrogens reduce the growth of oestrogen-dependent tumours in target organs or tissues which contain oestrogen receptors and are therefore successfully used in the treatment of hormone-dependent tumours, e.g. adenocarcinoma of the breast. They are generally well tolerated, but should be used with caution, owing to their endocrine side-effects. Combinations with other hormones to enhance their therapeutic effectiveness are currently being investigated. PMID- 6232583 TI - [Incidence of lithiasic recurrence after a diuretic therapy, alone or combined with treatment by a thiazide diuretic or phosphorus]. AB - The preventive affects on recurrent renal calcium stones of water diuresis alone or combined with drugs aimed at lowering urinary calcium were evaluated prospectively in 51 patients with calcium nephrolithiasis. Following clinical and metabolic examination, the patients were allocated at random to 3 treatment groups: water diuresis alone (group I, n = 19) or associated with hydrochlorothiazide 50 mg/day (group II, n = 19) or with a neutral phosphate preparation 1500 mg/day (group III, n = 13). Results were assessed on the number of recurrences; 24-h urinary calcium was measured at regular intervals. The mean follow-up (2 years; range 1-4 years) was the same in all 3 groups. A significant fall in recurrence rate as compared with pre-treatment values was observed in groups I and II. The recurrence rate was the same in both groups during treatment. However, less patients had recurrences in group I (1/19) than in group II (5/19). No significant fall in recurrence rate was observed in group III, owing to some patients in this group having frequent recurrences. The recurrence rate was unrelated to clinical findings and biochemical values ( oxaluria , calciuria) measured before treatment and to the urinary Ca/Cr ratio calculated during treatment. This study confirms that water diuresis is effective in preventing recurrent renal calcium stones and that diuretics of the thiazide group reduce the number of patients with recurrences. PMID- 6232585 TI - [Pulse corticoid therapy in rheumatology]. AB - Infusions of corticosteroids in massive doses (methylprednisolone 1 g/day for 1 to 3 days) are used by nephrologists against acute episodes of rejection of transplanted kidneys and in acute glomeruloneppritis , especially lupic , with threatening renal failure. During the last few years this method has been tried in collagen diseases, notably in acute episodes of systemic lupus erythematosus without renal insufficiency, in rheumatoid arthritis and in ankylosing spondylitis. Published controlled studies concerning these three diseases are too few for firm conclusions to be drawn. The improvement obtained during 3 months on average after 3 g (1 g/day for 3 days) is not observed in all patients and it is not certain that such high doses are innocuous: they do not seem to have been responsible for deaths, as reported in patients with renal transplantation, but undesirable side-effects are observed in one-half of the cases. Close supervision with repeated measurement of blood electrolytes and electrocardiograms is mandatory during and immediately after treatment. PMID- 6232586 TI - [Cancer of the breast and meningioma. A non-fortuitous association]. PMID- 6232587 TI - [Percutaneous peritoneal drainage after transhepatic puncture]. PMID- 6232588 TI - [2 cases of Fotopoulos syndrome (chronic spinal amyotrophy of the shoulder girdle and chronic chorea)]. PMID- 6232589 TI - [Severe bronchospasm provoked by exposure to isocyanates in a subject treated with a beta-blocking drug for ocular use]. PMID- 6232590 TI - [Triiodothyronine thyrotoxicosis following the ingestion of a high dose of tiratricol tablets]. PMID- 6232591 TI - [How to determine Paget's disease activity and which patients to treat?]. PMID- 6232592 TI - [Thyroxine binding globulin deficiency excluding thyroid pathology]. PMID- 6232593 TI - [Erythrocyte superoxide dismutase in the chronic alcoholic with hepatic lesions]. PMID- 6232594 TI - [Gaucher's disease and B27-negative sacroiliitis]. PMID- 6232595 TI - [Detection of endocrine pathology in children in a rural locale and the organization of their care]. AB - As a result of the examination of 14500 children, living in the Rostov Region, data have been obtained, characterizing the level and nature of endocrine disturbance in rural children, being evaluated from such aspects as the individual physical and sexual development. Endocrine disease in the rural children (116.2 +/- 3.2%) does not exceed these abnormalities observed among the town children. The prevalence of endocrine diseases increases from 90.3 +/- 5.1% in the children, ranging in age from birth to 7 years old, to 143.2 +/- 5.3% in the schoolchildren. Girls are more often developing obesity (t = 4.2) and endocrine abnormalities (t = 4.6), whereas boys are suffering from delay of the growth (t = 3.5) and sexual maturation. The standard glucose tolerance test, performed in the children at a high risk of diabetes mellitus (with aggravated heredity in regard to diabetes mellitus and obesity of the II, III and IV stages) has revealed intolerance in 59% of the children, of whom 2.2% had diabetic type curves. Based on the data on endocrine abnormalities, a mode of the organization structure for the children's endocrinological service was developed. PMID- 6232597 TI - [Experience in organizing specialist teams for the detection of tuberculosis cases in rural regions]. PMID- 6232596 TI - [Molecular mechanisms of the effect of neurogenic dystrophy of the kidneys in the rat on the sensitivity of the organ to aldosterone]. AB - The effect of reflex and denervated dystrophy of the rat kidneys on the interaction of aldosterone-3H with specific cytoplasmic receptors and nuclei of this organ was investigated in vitro and in vivo experiments. It was found that reflex dystrophy decreases the intensity of hormone binding with cytoplasmic receptors by 36% and aldosterone-3H accumulation in the renal nuclei by 51%. The influence of denervated dystrophy of the organ specific hormone accumulation in the same subcellular fractions was not observed. The more accurate data on the effect of renal reflex dystrophy on aldosterone-3H-receptor interaction were obtained in vivo experiments comparatively to those in vitro. PMID- 6232598 TI - [Structure of clinical forms of tuberculosis and its course in children and adolescents of rural localities]. PMID- 6232599 TI - [Epidemiology of tuberculosis in various areas of Uzbekistan with diverse agricultural specialization]. PMID- 6232600 TI - [Examination of people and animals for tuberculosis and measures for its prevention]. PMID- 6232601 TI - [Work experience in detecting osteoarticular tuberculosis patients in the institutions of the general medical network]. PMID- 6232602 TI - [Nonspecific lung pathology in industrial enterprise workers]. PMID- 6232603 TI - [Role of fluorographic examinations in tuberculosis detection during the decline of tuberculosis endemy]. PMID- 6232605 TI - [60th anniversary of the Yalta Tuberculosis Dispensary]. PMID- 6232604 TI - [Chronic cor pulmonale in fibrocavernous pulmonary tuberculosis (an electrocardiographic and organometric study)]. PMID- 6232606 TI - Schizophrenia-like psychoses associated with organic cerebral disorders: a review. AB - This review aims to collate some of the extensive literature on the schizophrenia like psychoses occurring in association with organic cerebral disorders. Their relationship to "true' schizophrenia is considered clinically, genetically and conceptually. The conclusions reached are as follows: The association of many organic cerebral disorders with schizophrenia exceeds chance expectation. Although there may be group differences, these psychoses include a range of symptoms similar to those found in the general run of psychoses diagnosed as schizophrenia. These psychoses usually occur in patients without genetic loading for schizophrenia. Organic cerebral disorder occurs in a substantial minority of patients diagnosed as schizophrenic and is of particular importance in the psychoses of childhood and old age. The site of the brain lesion is more important than the predisposition of the patient in the genesis of these psychoses, and lesions in the temporal lobe and diencephalon are of particular significance. PMID- 6232607 TI - Psychiatric features of Huntington's disease: recent approaches and findings. AB - The psychiatric manifestations of Huntington's Disease (HD) include dementia, irritability and apathy, a major affective syndrome, and hallucinosis. The theoretical and practical utility of chorea as a focus of research interest in HD is questioned, whereas the data reviewed suggest that assessments of cognition, functional capacity and motor impairment are better correlated neuropathologically, and are better indicators of disease severity and progress than chorea. The high incidence of major affective disorders on modified DSM III criteria among HD patients (41 per cent) may be explained either as a manifestation of genetic heterogeneity within the HD phenotype or on the basis of genetic linkage between HD and manic depressive illness (MDI). This is supported by the high coincidence of HD and MDI (20 out of 23) among secondary cases of HD ascertained through probands having both disorders, indicating a strong familial clustering of the association. This implies that a young adult at risk for HD who has had episodes of severe depression has considerably more than 50 per cent likelihood of progressing to manifest HD. Although auditory hallucinations appear occasionally in patients with HD, most do not meet current criteria for schizophrenia. PMID- 6232608 TI - Potential basis for regulation of the coordinately expressed fibrinogen genes: homology in the 5' flanking regions. AB - The three chains of fibrinogen are encoded by three separate genes whose transcription is coordinately regulated. The breakdown of fibrinogen during the acute-phase reaction leads to a simultaneous increase in alpha-, beta-, and gamma fibrinogen mRNA in the liver. In a search for the basis of this coordinate increase in transcription, we have determined the sequences of the regions surrounding the points of transcriptional initiation of the three rat fibrinogen genes, 1490 nucleotides upstream and 730 nucleotides downstream. Two unique regions of homology have been found. One region consists of 15 nucleotides that have a common 6-nucleotide core lying between -116 and -160; the other is approximately equal to 100 nucleotides long and is in the -165 to -472 region. In this region, the beta- and gamma-fibrinogen genes are approximately equal to 65% homologous. alpha-Fibrinogen has somewhat less homology with both beta- and gamma fibrinogen. In addition, the beta-fibrinogen gene has 22 nucleotides at position 480 that are homologous to sequences that have been noted to occur in glucocorticosteroid-regulated genes in a similar position. We feel that these areas of conserved sequences play a role in the regulation of the transcription of fibrinogen. The fibrinogen chains are synthesized as precursor peptides, and the amino-terminal portion, the so-called signal peptide, is removed during the translocation of the peptide chain across the endoplasmic reticulum. We have determined those sequences that encode the signal peptides. Homology in the amino acid sequence between the rat and human signal peptides varies between 52% for alpha-fibrinogen and 66% for beta-fibrinogen. This homology implies that there has been strong selective pressure on this portion of these genes. PMID- 6232609 TI - Increased adhesiveness of Down syndrome fetal fibroblasts in vitro. AB - We compared the in vitro rate of divalent cation-independent aggregation of fibroblasts derived from abortuses with normal karyotypes and with trisomy 21 (Down syndrome). Fibroblasts from five lung and two of three cardiac cultures from subjects with Down syndrome aggregated more rapidly than matched fibroblasts from normal controls or lung fibroblasts from an abortus with trisomy 13. In contrast, skin fibroblasts derived from the trisomy 21 subjects had low rates of aggregation. The high rates of aggregation of trisomy 21 lung fibroblasts were not affected by hyaluronidase treatment. Lung fibroblasts from both normal and Down syndrome subjects had similar membrane polarization values in an assay using the fluorescent probe 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene. Thus, the increased aggregation rate we observed for trisomy 21 fibroblasts was restricted to specific fibroblast cultures, was not mediated by hyaluronic acid or gross membrane lipid alterations, and was specific for trisomy of chromosome 21. As illustrated in computer simulations presented elsewhere, increased intercellular adhesiveness during organogenesis could explain the frequent occurrence of malformations, including pulmonary hypoplasia and congenital heart defects, in Down syndrome. PMID- 6232610 TI - Role of cell surface immunoglobulin in B-lymphocyte activation. AB - The role of cell surface immunoglobulin in helper T-cell-dependent B-cell activation was analyzed using a B-cell lymphoma, CH12, with known antigen specificity and activation properties similar to those of a resting B cell. Two sources of helper T cells were used, both selected such that they interact with H 2-encoded determinants on CH12 in the absence of the specific B-cell antigen, sheep erythrocytes. By this dissociation of the specificity of the T cells from that of the B cells, the requirement for antigen in the induction of CH12 to antibody secretion could be studied. The results show that both helper T-cell-B cell interactions and surface immunoglobulin-antigen binding are involved in inducing B-cell differentiation, thus establishing a signalling function for the antigen receptor on B lymphocytes. Our data also show that the requirement for surface immunoglobulin-ligand interactions in B-cell activation can, under certain conditions, be circumvented, notably when high (nonphysiologic) multiplicities of T-cell help are used. PMID- 6232611 TI - Single-cell studies on hapten-specific B cells: response to T-cell-dependent antigens. AB - The effectiveness of the hapten-gelatin antigen-affinity fractionation technique for selection of hapten-specific B cells activatable by "T-cell-dependent" (TD) stimuli was assessed. Normal adult murine spleen cells were fractionated on fluorescein (Flu)-gelatin layers and the adherent cells were cultured singly or in small numbers with various sources of syngeneic keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH)-primed T lymphocytes. Conditions were defined under which the addition of Flu-KLH caused optimal clonal proliferation and differentiation of B cells into anti-Flu directly hemolytic plaque-forming cells (pfc). It was found that 3-5% of the Flu-specific B cells could be activated, versus 1 in 5000 unfractionated spleen cells. The mean enrichment factor for fractionation was 179, almost identical to that seen when the stimulus is "T-cell-independent" (TI), showing that the method is capable of isolating B cells responsive to antigenic stimuli requiring specific T-cell help. Efforts were made to determine whether TD B cells constituted a separate population from TI B cells by determining clone frequencies using Flu-KLH, the TI antigen Flu-polymerized flagellin (Flu-POL), or a mixture of both for stimulation. With Flu-POL alone and with the mixed stimulus 2-3 times more pfc clones were produced than with Flu-KLH, yet evidence for separate B-cell subsets was not obtained because of strong "bystander" stimulation due to the presence of the carrier-primed T cells in a confined volume of 10 microliters. PMID- 6232612 TI - Amino acid sequence of homologous rat atrial peptides: natriuretic activity of native and synthetic forms. AB - A substance called atrial natriuretic factor (ANF), localized in secretory granules of atrial cardiocytes, was isolated as four homologous natriuretic peptides from homogenates of rat atria. The complete sequence of the longest form showed that it is composed of 33 amino acids. The three other shorter forms (2 33, 3-33, and 8-33) represent amino-terminally truncated versions of the 33 amino acid parent molecule as shown by analysis of sequence, amino acid composition, or both. The proposed primary structure agrees entirely with the amino acid composition and reveals no significant sequence homology with any known protein or segment of protein. The short form ANF-(8-33) was synthesized by a multi fragment condensation approach and the synthetic product was shown to exhibit specific activity comparable to that of the natural ANF-(3-33). PMID- 6232613 TI - A genetic switch in vitro: DNA inversion by Gin protein of phage Mu. AB - Inversion of the G segment in the DNA of Escherichia coli phage Mu depends on the Mu Gin protein and alters the host range of the phage. The frequency of the inversion reaction is low both in the lysogenic state and during lytic growth. A sensitive assay was developed to detect low levels of G inversion: the E. coli lac operon was inserted within the invertible G segment in such a way that the lac operon was expressed only by G(-) clones. As a result Gin-catalyzed inversion from G(+) to G(-) can be monitored as a lactose-negative to lactose-utilizing switch. Using a crude extract from a Gin-overproducing strain and this assay plasmid, we could detect a low level of G inversion in vitro (1% in 30 min). The reaction depends on Mg2+ and a supercoiled substrate. Under optimized reaction conditions over 15% of the plasmids had the G segment inverted after incubation with Gin in vitro. The inversion was then visualized by agarose gel analysis of plasmid DNA digested by restriction endonucleases. The Gin protein retains its catalytic properties upon partial purification. The mechanism of this genetic switch can now be studied in vitro. PMID- 6232614 TI - Mapping of DNase I-hypersensitive sites in the upstream DNA of human embryonic epsilon-globin gene in K562 leukemia cells. AB - We have mapped the DNase I-hypersensitive sites around the epsilon-globin and c myc genes in two human leukemia cell lines K562 and HL60. In K562 cells in which the epsilon-globin gene is transcribed, six DNase I-hypersensitive sites are found in 6 kilobases (kb) of upstream flanking DNA; in HL60 cells in which the c myc gene is expressed, two DNase I-hypersensitive sites are observed in 2 kb of upstream DNA. Neither the inactive epsilon-globin gene in HL60 cells nor the inactive c-myc gene in K562 cells displays such upstream DNase I-hypersensitive sites. Our results are consistent with previous studies that have shown DNase I hypersensitive sites within 1 kb of the 5' end of other expressed genes. In addition, we have found sites displaying even more DNase I sensitivity further upstream of expressed epsilon-globin and c-myc genes. Among the six DNase I hypersensitive sites of the expressed epsilon-globin gene in K562 cells, the most sensitive site is located about 6 kb upstream of the epsilon-globin gene. When correlated with the DNA sequence upstream of the epsilon-globin gene, this site was found to correspond to a region that contains a stretch of 28 consecutive Ts, three enhancer core-like sequences, and a stretch of consecutive (C-A)15(T-A)6 alternating purine and pyrimidine bases. These findings suggest the possibility that an enhancer element for epsilon-globin gene expression resides within this DNase I-hypersensitive site. PMID- 6232615 TI - Radioimmunoassay of atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) in rat atria. AB - We describe a solid phase radioimmunoassay for atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) and its application for measurement of this peptide in homogenates of rat atria. The method uses a synthetic 26 amino-acid fragment (8-33 ANF) of the native peptide. Sample (or standard) are incubated with the rabbit anti-8-33 ANF antiserum in peptide (8-33 ANF)-coated wells. Then an excess of I125 goat anti rabbit IgG is added. The radioactivity bound is directly proportional to the amount of ANF present. The concentration of immunoreactive ANF has been found to be about 4 times higher in the right atrium than in the left atrium of the rat. PMID- 6232616 TI - Past and current dermatological status of yusho patients. AB - Skin symptoms of "yusho" and their change thereafter are described. In the early stage, skin eruptions were the most prominent and impressive features of yusho. Acneiform eruptions and pigmentation were most conspicuous. With the passage of time, there is some improvement and most patients now have few eruptions, except for the severely intoxicated group. As for blood PCB analysis, the severely intoxicated group who showed intensive skin symptoms showed "pattern A"--a typical specific yusho pattern. The blood PCB patterns of each patient were stable with no alteration after many years and, on the other hand, the blood PCB concentrations have diminished year by year. PMID- 6232617 TI - PCB poisoning in Japan and Taiwan. Dermatological, medical, and laboratory findings of patients in Taiwan and their treatments. AB - This paper describes in detail the dermatological, medical, and laboratory findings of patients poisoned with PCBs and related compounds in Taiwan. Together with their symptoms, their skin lesions as well as their hematological, immunological, and other clinical features are explained. A grading of their clinical severity was tried, and its possible association with PCB concentrations in their blood was examined but could not be demonstrated. Various treatments have been applied but without notable success. Even so, a follow-up study of patients one year later showed that about 38% of patients were somewhat clinically improved, while 54% were not altered. PMID- 6232618 TI - Control of the synthesis and localization of wheat germ agglutinin during embryogenesis. PMID- 6232620 TI - Occupational hazards of polyethylene and polypropylene processing. PMID- 6232619 TI - Gramineae lectins: occurrence, molecular biology and physiological function. PMID- 6232621 TI - Homing of lymphoid populations in EAE. PMID- 6232622 TI - A longitudinal study of T cell subset surface antigen expression in multiple sclerosis. PMID- 6232623 TI - Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in mice: Lyt and Ia phenotypes of the effector and suppressor cells. PMID- 6232624 TI - Lymphocyte subpopulations in acute experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in rhesus monkeys. PMID- 6232625 TI - Differential effects of a new serotoninomimetic drug, 8-OH-DPAT, on copulatory behavior and pelvic thrusting pattern in the male rat. AB - Treatment of sexually experienced male rats with 8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino) tetralin (8-OH-DPAT), a new drug having central serotoninomimetic activity, caused a dose-dependent decrease in the number of mounts and intromissions to ejaculation and shortened the ejaculation latency. These changes in the coital pattern were not accompanied by any marked changes in the organization of the thrusting pattern. It was concluded that treatment with 8-OH-DPAT may influence the excitability of the central neural circuits determining the elicitation of ejaculation without affecting those involved in the pelvic thrusting pattern, despite evidence of general motor disturbances. PMID- 6232626 TI - Enhancement of metabolic coronary vasodilatation by nicotinic acid or amide. AB - Cardiostimulation produced by noradrenaline, glucagon, or tachycardia on the isolated perfused rat heart produced a metabolic coronary dilatation that was potentiated by nicotinic acid or its amide [NIC; 0.05-1.0 mM] without affecting the cardiostimulation. Reactive hyperaemia to brief coronary occlusion was unaffected by NIC, thus confirming that its vasodilator mechanism is of a different nature than that leading to metabolic coronary dilatation. It is suggested that NIC may be of significance as an adjuvant in the treatment of certain types of coronary insufficiencies. PMID- 6232627 TI - Activity of desipramine, fluoxetine and nomifensine on spontaneous and p-CPA induced muricidal aggression. AB - Antidepressant drugs reportedly counteract mouse-killing activity by rats. There is evidence that antidepressant derivatives exert their anti-muricidal activity through both noradrenergic and serotonergic neurons. The experiments were performed in two types of muricidal aggression with three antidepressants characterized by different neurochemical activity. No major differences in the antimuricidal efficacy of the drug-employed were found, even though spontaneous muricidal animals resulted on the whole less sensitive to antidepressants than p CPA-induced muricidal rats. In these last animals nomifensine proved to be more potent than desipramine and fluoxetine. PMID- 6232628 TI - Preparation of physical therapists for employment in public schools. A new approach. AB - Physical therapists are providing services increasingly to children in public school environments because of justified needs as mandated, in part, by Public Law 94-142. Many of these therapists have attained competencies for such employment by participating in short courses or through professional experiences, self-study, and related didactic instruction. A course designed to prepare physical therapists for employment in a public school setting was offered to graduate pediatric students in the Division of Physical Therapy at the University of North Carolina in Chapel Hill. Specific content areas included in-depth knowledge of the public school system, interdisciplinary programming, and continuing education for public school teachers. Teaching units and observation sessions are outlined. Recommendations are offered for developing similar courses that can be incorporated into a graduate pediatric curriculum and are beneficial for preparing physical therapists for public school settings. PMID- 6232629 TI - Cellular binding of hematoporphyrin derivative in human bladder cancer cell lines: KK-47. PMID- 6232630 TI - Action spectrum (620-640 nm) for hematoporphyrin derivative induced cell killing. PMID- 6232631 TI - Giant cell formation in bladder tumor cells following hematoporphyrin derivative sensitized photoirradiation. PMID- 6232632 TI - Back schools and total back-care programmes--a review. PMID- 6232633 TI - Examination, assessment and treatment of the lumbar spine. PMID- 6232634 TI - Treatment of back pain. PMID- 6232635 TI - Ergonomics and back pain. PMID- 6232636 TI - Seating by design. PMID- 6232638 TI - The Dundee seating programme. PMID- 6232637 TI - Principles and practice in the manufacture of seating for the handicapped. PMID- 6232639 TI - [Rehabilitative treatment in syndromes of the lower spine]. PMID- 6232640 TI - The internal oblique muscle flap: an anatomic and clinical study. AB - A new muscle flap based on the ascending branch of the deep circumflex iliac artery is described. Twenty internal oblique muscle flaps have been dissected and studied in 10 fresh cadavers. This muscle flap has been used successfully as a free-tissue transfer in seven lower extremity defects. There was one loss of flap due to venous thrombosis. Other complications included a local wound abscess (one case), partial loss of skin graft (two cases), and arterial thrombosis (one case). There has been no donor-site morbidity. The donor scars are well concealed and no hernias have been observed, the longest follow-up being 9 months. The additional advantages of this flap include its thin, flat shape, excellent vascularity, and ease of application to areas about the ankle, with good aesthetic results. The disadvantages are (1) bloody and tedious dissection and (2) potential for abdominal weakness or hernia in the long run. This muscle flap appears to be excellent as a free flap for coverage of small- to moderate-sized defects of the distal lower extremity and as a pedicle flap for coverage of soft tissue defects of the groin and anterior perineum. PMID- 6232641 TI - Biphasic effects of chronic saccharin intake on pain responses of healthy and diabetic rats of two genetically selected strains. AB - Rats of the LC-2-HI strain, selected for high rates of self-stimulation, were supplied with a 3 mM saccharin solution. Within 1 week they developed markedly prolonged latencies to painful stimuli on a hot-plate. In contrast, a similar effect became manifest in LC-2-LO rats only after 3 weeks. Both strains of rats were made diabetic by injection of streptozotocin. LO rats showed more polydipsia and hyperglycemia than HI rats and, when drinking saccharin solution, developed cross-tolerance to morphine within about 2 weeks. It is assumed that saccharin consumption stimulates the release of endogenous opioid peptides, probably via stimulation of gustatory sweet receptors. The opioid peptides exert a biphasic effect: initially they raise the pain threshold, but at a later stage they cause chronic cross-tolerance to morphine. PMID- 6232642 TI - Osteoid osteoma: radionuclide diagnosis. AB - The double-density sign, seen on radionuclide bone scans, is described for diagnosing osteoid osteomas and for localizing the nidus. Its use in differentiating the nidus of an osteoid osteoma from osteomyelitis is also described. The utility of computed tomography in localization of the nidus is also illustrated. The double-density sign was helpful in diagnosing seven cases of surgically confirmed osteoid osteoma. PMID- 6232643 TI - Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases in the Leydig cells during the perinatal phase in the rats treated with cyproterone acetate. PMID- 6232644 TI - Ultrastructural studies on the binding sites of fibrinogen on platelet surface during aggregation. AB - Activated human blood platelets show characteristic globular structures on their surface. Aggregated platelets in blood plasma form contact zones with 40-50 nm spaces between the plasmalemmata. These spaces are bridged by filamentous structures (5,000 per microns 2). To investigate whether the globules or bridges observed are caused by fibrinogen, platelets were washed and treated first with thrombin (1 U thrombin/ml) in order to remove fibrinogen from platelet storage organelles and then with plasmin (0.5-2 U/ml) in order to dissolve remnants of fibrinogen from the platelet surface. Platelets treated in this way were resuspended in tyrode-albumin buffer solution (containing hirudin and prostaglandin E1). No storage organelles were revealed but the platelets reconstituted their discoid shape and the marginal bundle of microtubules. By representing the platelet glycocalix with alcian blue it was observed that the previously homogeneous surface coat was interdispersed with holes of 60-70 nm in diameter, approx. 900 per microns 2. Fibrinogen (8 mg/ml) was then added and the suspension was stirred for 3 minutes at 37 degrees C. The platelets again aggregated and formed contact zones in blood plasma as described above. In spaces of 40 to 50 nm width filamentous bridges similar in size, structure and number to those between aggregated platelets in blood plasma were observed. In both cases the bridges appeared to adhere with small rods into the plasmalemma. Bridges and rods can be easily stained with protein stabilizing agents. In contrast, glycocalix treated with alcian blue are weakly stained. The findings strongly indicate that fibrinogen is the mediator of this type of platelet contact in aggregates. The fibrinogen binding sites are situated to the plasmalemmal outer leaf let and not on the peripheral glycocalix. PMID- 6232645 TI - [Importance of enzyme histochemistry in pathologic-anatomical muscle biopsy diagnosis]. PMID- 6232646 TI - [Myopathologic enzyme pattern]. PMID- 6232647 TI - The intracellular regulation of the lysosomal wrapping mechanism observed during autophagy. PMID- 6232648 TI - Legal case briefs for nurses. N.D.: hospital pays for training: nurse sued. MI: nurse assaulted: benefits terminated. PMID- 6232649 TI - [Latex-phagocytizing ability of neutrophils in patients with severe seborrheic dermatoses]. PMID- 6232650 TI - [Contact hypersensitivity to nickel: incidence of allergy and sources of allergens]. PMID- 6232651 TI - [In vivo uptake of Ga-67 citrate by an experimental abscess and the mechanism of Ga-67 uptake]. AB - This study was undertaken to investigate the accumulation of 67Ga in an experimental abscess and to elucidate the mechanism of 67Ga uptake in the abscess. Two, three, five, seven and ten days after subcutaneous injection of 0.2 ml turpentine to the rats, 67Ga-citrate was injected to the rats. Twenty-four hours after injection of 67Ga, abscess and organs were excised and uptake rates of 67Ga were assayed. Furthermore, five days after subcutaneous injection of 0.2 ml turpentine to the rats, 67Ga-citrate was injected to the rats, at various time intervals from 10 minutes to 6 days, abscess and organs were excised and uptake rates of 67Ga were assayed. And subcellular distribution of 67Ga in abscess was determined at various time intervals after administration of 67Ga-citrate. On the other hand, to elucidate 67Ga binding substances in abscess, 67Ga-citrate and sodium sulfate-35S were injected to the above rats, respectively. Twenty-four hours after injection, abscess was excised and homogenized. The homogenate was digested with proteinase. After digestion, the reaction mixture was gel-filtered on Sephadex G-100. Eluate samples were assayed for radioactivity, uronic acid and protein. Uptake rates of 67Ga in abscess increased with time after injection of turpentine and reached a plateau 5-7 days later. Ten minutes, 24 hours and 72 hours after injection of 67Ga, uptake rates of 67Ga in abscess were 0.92%/g, 3.3%/g and 5.6%/g, respectively. Uptake rates of 67Ga (24 hours after injection) in abscess was 2.0-3.4 time of tumor uptake rates (previously reported).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6232652 TI - [Diagnostic problems in cervical tumefactions]. PMID- 6232653 TI - [Malignant nasal sinus pseudotumors]. PMID- 6232654 TI - [Clinical considerations on a case of myeloplaxic tumor of the maxillary sinus]. PMID- 6232655 TI - [Nasal sinus papillomas]. PMID- 6232656 TI - [Unusual cases of laryngeal papillomatosis]. PMID- 6232657 TI - [An unusual case of mastoid tumor]. PMID- 6232658 TI - [Rare tumor of the base of the tongue]. PMID- 6232659 TI - [Suprahyoid ranula (with reference to a clinical case)]. PMID- 6232660 TI - [An operated, recovered case of left internal jugular vein phlebectasia (in a 7 year-old girl)]. PMID- 6232661 TI - [Apiotherapeutic products for otorhinolaryngologic diseases]. PMID- 6232662 TI - [Treatment with apicole products in chronic nasal and pharyngeal diseases]. PMID- 6232663 TI - [Pulverizations of lyophilized royal jelly as an efficient method in the treatment of chronic diseases of the upper respiratory tract]. PMID- 6232664 TI - [The use of propolis in ear suppurations]. PMID- 6232665 TI - [Propolis in ORL therapeutics. Experience of the ORL department of the Piatra Neamt District Hospital]. PMID- 6232666 TI - [Anterior mediocervical cystic tumors]. PMID- 6232667 TI - [Infestation of a deer (Cervus timorensis russa) by Dictyocaulus viviparus in Mauritius]. PMID- 6232668 TI - Effect of anthelmintic treatment on the development of resistance in sheep vaccinated or experimentally infected with Dictyocaulus filaria. AB - This investigation was undertaken to study the immune response of Iraqi sheep vaccinated with Dictyocaulus filaria larvae (Filiraq) and to determine the effect of tetramisole on the development of resistance to reinfection. The findings confirm the effectiveness of Filiraq in conferring protection against experimental infection with D filaria. However, the administration of anthelmintic four weeks after each vaccination interfered with the development of immunity. Termination of D filaria infection at 28 days by tetramisole treatment also prevented the immune response. PMID- 6232669 TI - Modulation of T and B cell function by a histamine-induced lymphokine. PMID- 6232670 TI - Major histocompatibility complex-restricted recognition by B lymphocytes and accessory cells. PMID- 6232671 TI - Immune response to myeloma cells and idiotypes. PMID- 6232672 TI - Host-damaging immune responses in virus infections. PMID- 6232673 TI - Self Ia-recognizing T cells undergo an ordered series of interactions with Ia bearing substrate cells of defined function during their development: a model. PMID- 6232674 TI - Mechanisms of antigen-specific, genetically restricted, T cell-B cell interaction. PMID- 6232675 TI - Immunoregulatory T cell circuits in man--an overview of recent advances. PMID- 6232676 TI - Antisuppression: a novel pathway in T cell regulation of B cell function. PMID- 6232677 TI - Advances in delayed hypersensitivity research. PMID- 6232678 TI - Tolerance: facts and views--1983. PMID- 6232679 TI - Newer lymphocyte surface antigens. PMID- 6232680 TI - Fc gamma receptors on human lymphocytes. PMID- 6232681 TI - Cells demonstrating Fc receptors for IgE. PMID- 6232682 TI - [The organic nature of infantile autism. II. Data and conclusions of a clinical study of a group of children with the autistic syndrome]. PMID- 6232683 TI - [Primary hyperparathyroidism and its neurological implications]. PMID- 6232684 TI - [Anatomoclinical aspects of Horton's disease]. PMID- 6232685 TI - [Disk hernia. Comparative anatomoclinical study of two groups of operated patients over an interval of 25 years]. PMID- 6232686 TI - [Traumatic occlusion of the internal carotid artery in closed craniocervical trauma]. PMID- 6232687 TI - [A clinico-evolutive study of levamisol treatment in spastic sequels of infantile encephalopathies]. PMID- 6232688 TI - [The socio-professional rehabilitation of mental patients through ergotherapy]. PMID- 6232689 TI - [Correlation between the kinetics of the level of lithium in the plasma, erythrocytes and saliva]. PMID- 6232690 TI - [Bernhard von Gudden and the drama of the Starnberg Lake (1824-1886)]. PMID- 6232691 TI - [Biofeedback]. PMID- 6232693 TI - [Clinical aspects of cerebral cysticercosis]. PMID- 6232692 TI - [Study of electroclinical correlates in temporal epilepsy]. PMID- 6232694 TI - [Epidemiological, neuropathological, clinico-evolutive and EEG aspects of immunologically confirmed measles of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis]. PMID- 6232695 TI - [Research methodology and various aspects of the morbidity and effectiveness of the hospitalization of mental patients. IV. Contributions to the increased efficiency of the ambulatory medical care of mental patients on the basis of hospitalization]. PMID- 6232696 TI - [J. Moreau de Tours (1804-1884)]. PMID- 6232697 TI - [Indices of immune system function in patients with primary osteoarthrosis deformans]. PMID- 6232698 TI - Bleeding on patients with autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura and normal platelet count. AB - 80% of patients with chronic autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura (ATP) may reach normalization of platelet count after steroids or splenectomy. In some of these cases a bleeding tendency may still persist and this has been attributed to abnormalities of platelet function resulting from the effect of platelet-bound antibodies. We have studied 49 ATP patients in order to assess the frequency and the pattern of this immune thrombopathia, and the correlation with the levels of platelet associated IgG (PAIgG). Only 3 patients (6%) had prolonged bleeding time and persistence of mucocutaneous haemorrhages, whereas 36% presented an altered platelet aggregation pattern. Platelet serotonin content, platelet and plasma beta-thromboglobulin concentration, and malondialdehyde generation after thrombin stimulus were found also altered, but the findings were not clearly correlated with the concentration of PAIgG. PMID- 6232699 TI - Mechanical effectiveness studies of lumbar spine orthoses. AB - Intradiscal pressures, intra-gastric pressures and myoelectric trunk muscle activities were measured in four volunteers wearing five different orthoses of three principle types, and performing six tasks. A biomechanical model was used to estimate the load on the spine in the different tasks so as to compare those tasks reliably when done with and without the orthoses. The results indicate that wearing a brace can significantly unload the trunk in some situations, but has no effect in others. Lumbar spine compression was reduced by about one-third in the task involving trunk flexion. The disc pressure values with an orthosis were lower in about two-thirds of the exercises and higher in the remaining one-third. The back muscle activity was in some experiments reduced by one-third by the use of the brace, in others it increased by the same amount. None of the orthoses raised the intra-gastric pressure significantly. No one orthosis was found to be clearly superior in mechanical effectiveness in the tasks studied. PMID- 6232700 TI - The paraplegic Viking and the one-armed pianist--some well known persons with locomotor disability. AB - A review is given of persons from history, culture and science, with locomotor disability, who by different reasons have become well known. It is shown that these persons, in spite of their disabilities, have reached prominent positions. PMID- 6232701 TI - A short report from the project "Improved communication aids for people with speech impediments". AB - The project, initiated by Professor Olle Hook in 1976, is described. A review is given of different sub-projects, such as the development of an assessment form, the development of synthetic speech as a communication aid, communication aids for use with Bliss' symbol-system, development of individual communication aids, development of a play-inspired system for trying out control devices and finally development of play-materials for communication-training. PMID- 6232702 TI - Family studies in Bechterew's syndrome (ankylosing spondylitis). I. Prevalences of symptoms and signs in relatives of HLAB27 positive probands. AB - All available adult first-degree relatives of 66 patients with HLAB27 positive ankylosing spondylitis were examined clinically and radiographically and their white blood cells were HLA typed. Ten per cent of all relatives and 20% of HLAB27 positive relatives had Bechterew's syndrome. An additional 10% had minimal radiographical changes in the sacro-iliac joints, or peripheral arthropathy. Sixteen out of 19 persons who had minimal radiographical changes in the sacro iliac joints were HLAB27 positive. Backache was common (25% or more) in any group of relatives, and did not discriminate well between relatives with or without Bechterew's syndrome. Spine or chest stiffness should prompt examination for Bechterew's syndrome, but is an inadequate diagnostic criterion for the syndrome. Typing for HLAB27 is probably the best prognostic test, although most HLAB27 positive persons did not exhibit any objective sign of disease. Repeated radiographical examination of HLAB27 negative persons should be avoided. PMID- 6232703 TI - Family studies in Bechterew's syndrome (ankylosing spondylitis). II. Prevalences of symptoms and signs in relatives of HLAB27 negative probands. AB - All available adult first-degree relatives of 9 probands with HLAB27 negative ankylosing spondylitis were examined. Completion rate was 90%. Prevalences of symptoms and signs and distributions of chest and spinal mobility are presented. No secondary case of Bechterew's syndrome was found among the relatives, compared with 10% among the relatives of HLAB27 positive probands (p = 0.05). We conclude from this study and that of relatives of HLAB27 positive probands, that a HLAB27 negative relative runs a low risk of contracting Bechterew's syndrome, irrespective of the HLAB27 status of the proband. PMID- 6232704 TI - Animal models of AIDS. PMID- 6232705 TI - Artificial donor insemination: analysis of 149 cases at North Carolina Memorial Hospital. AB - We analyzed 149 cases of artificial insemination with donor semen at North Carolina Memorial Hospital, Chapel Hill, to study its effectiveness. An overall pregnancy rate of 62.1% was achieved. Based on the mean monthly fecundity rate, the average monthly pregnancy rate was 16.5%, and the cumulative pregnancy rate after three, six, and ten cycles was, respectively, 40.3%, 68.5%, and 95.5%. A uniform evaluation of the women and correction of any treatable female factors before insemination contributed to a high success rate. Diagnostic laparoscopy after three to four failed insemination cycles yielded a high percentage of abnormal findings. These data suggest that almost all properly screened patients will conceive if allowed to undergo a sufficient number of inseminated cycles and that this procedure is a highly effective alternative means of circumventing male infertility. PMID- 6232706 TI - [Optimization of the activity of sanitary-epidemiologic stations]. PMID- 6232707 TI - [System of x-ray fluorographic examination for early detection of lung cancer]. PMID- 6232708 TI - [Training of interns in social hygiene and public health organization]. PMID- 6232709 TI - [The Georgian Treaty and the history of Russo-Georgian relations in the field of medicine]. PMID- 6232710 TI - [Mother and child care in Kazakhstan and Bashkiria in the 1st decade of Soviet power]. PMID- 6232711 TI - [Role of organizational-methodologic measures in the diagnosis of early forms of cancer of the thyroid gland in a zone of endemic goiter]. PMID- 6232712 TI - [Population-epidemiologic and genetic study of cirrhosis of the liver]. PMID- 6232713 TI - [Value of oxygen tissue tensions in the differential diagnosis of liver pathology]. PMID- 6232714 TI - Spinal pain rehabilitation: inpatient and outpatient treatment results and development of predictors for outcome. AB - Multidisciplinary treatment outcomes with a 1-year follow-up is reported for 100 chronic low-back pain patients participating in inpatient rehabilitation and 100 patients participating in outpatient rehabilitation. Treatment for both groups of patients was based on principles of operant conditioning and consisted of increasing structured exercise activities and educational classes for instruction in techniques of pain management. Results are presented in terms of patient reports of decreased pain, increased activity, decreased medication, need for further treatment, and return to work. A method for predicting return to work was developed by way of a computerized discriminate analysis with the formulas presented for consideration by those interested in similar patient groups. PMID- 6232715 TI - [Healing of blood vessel prostheses in man]. PMID- 6232716 TI - [Neuromuscular mechanisms controlling mastication with special reference to jaw movements (2). Reflex and cerebral cortical control of jaw movements]. PMID- 6232717 TI - Diabetes mellitus: medical and dental considerations. PMID- 6232718 TI - Dental disease in handicapped persons. PMID- 6232720 TI - Malignant hyperthermia: dental treatment of patients at risk. PMID- 6232719 TI - Acceptance of dental prophylaxis by the institutionalized patient. PMID- 6232721 TI - [Pelvic instability. It is all about relief and avoiding pain]. PMID- 6232722 TI - [Current problems of the immunogenetics and pharmacogenetics of respiratory organ diseases]. PMID- 6232723 TI - [Functional activity of blood immunoregulator cells in chronic nonspecific lung diseases]. PMID- 6232725 TI - Platelet aggregation caused by dithiothreitol. AB - MacIntyre et al. showed that over 1 mM dithiothreitol (DTT) aggregates blood platelets in the presence of fibrinogen; aggregation is not inhibited by prostaglandin E1. We confirmed their data and found that 70 mM 2-mercaptoethanol was also active. DDT-induced aggregation was not associated with platelet shape change or secretion of dense granule contents, was not inhibited by tetracaine or metabolic inhibitors, was prevented at pH 6.5, and prevented, reversed, or arrested by EDTA, depending on when the EDTA was added. DTT did not cause aggregation of thrombasthenic, EDTA-treated, or cold (0 degree C) platelets, which also failed to aggregate with ADP. Platelets stimulated with DTT bound 125I labeled fibrinogen. Thus DTT appears to "expose" the fibrinogen receptors. SDS gel electrophoresis of platelet fractions prepared by use of Triton X-114 showed that aggregating concentrations of DTT reduced proteins of apparent Mr 69,000 and 52,000 (probably platelet albumin) and, to a variable extent, glycoproteins Ib, IIb and III. Exposure of unlabeled or 125I-labeled platelets to ADP had no discernible effect on the electrophoretic patterns. PMID- 6232726 TI - T-cell subsets in female sexual partners of asymptomatic hemophiliacs. PMID- 6232724 TI - Assessment of the clinical usefulness of nebulised ipratropium bromide in patients with chronic airflow limitation. AB - The effect of adding nebulised ipratropium bromide to bronchodilator treatment was studied in 20 patients with severe chronic airflow limitation. Maintenance theophylline with or without a steroid preparation was continued and comparison made between placebo, nebulised salbutamol, and a combination of nebulised salbutamol and ipratropium. Although the mean FEV1 values showed the combination to produce a small but significant increase in peak bronchodilatation over the effect of salbutamol alone, there were eight patients in whom no clinically useful improvement occurred. The remaining 12 patients did obtain clinically useful improvement in the magnitude or the duration of bronchodilatation (or both) as a result of the added ipratropium. The conclusion is that individual patients with chronic airflow limitation responded to the addition of nebulised ipratropium bromide in a variable way. Patients who could obtain additional benefit from ipratropium need to be identified by an appropriate reversibility study before its inclusion in their bronchodilator treatment. PMID- 6232727 TI - Preparation and characterization of NH2-terminal fibrinogen B beta fragments from N-DSK of human fibrinogen. AB - In order to investigate the early release of NH2-terminal plasmic fragments from the B beta chain of fibrinogen, substantial quantities of B beta 1-42 and B beta 1-21 are required as immunogens, as radioimmunoassay standards and for infusion into human volunteers to determine the half-lives of these peptides. Towards this end methods that employ selective proteolytic cleavage of these fragments from fibrinogen have been developed. Both the N-DSK fragment, produced by CNBr cleavage of fibrinogen, and B beta 1-118 were employed as substrates for plasmin with the finding of higher yields from N-DSK. B beta 1-42 and B beta 1-21 were purified by gel filtration and ion-exchange chromatography on SP-Sephadex using volatile buffers. When the purified preparation of B beta 1-42 was chromatographed on reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography, two peaks of identical amino acid composition were separated, presumably due either to pyroglutamate or to amide differences. PMID- 6232728 TI - Protease inhibitors in Haementeria leech species. AB - Inhibitors, of trypsin, plasmin, alpha-chymotrypsin and granulocyte elastase were demonstrated in salivary gland extracts from two species of leeches. Haementeria ghilianii and Haementeria officinalis. Preliminary fractionation of salivary gland extracts from Haementeria ghilianii allowed separation of protease inhibitors from hementin a fibrinogenolytic blood anticoagulant. It was found that the anticoagulant activity resided only in hementin-containing fractions and did not parallel protease inhibitory activity. PMID- 6232729 TI - The effects of acute smoking on platelet behaviour, fibrinolysis and haemorheology in habitual smokers. AB - There is an increased frequency of arterial thrombosis in cigarette smokers. The changes in blood coagulation seen in these subjects have been studied by many workers but results have not always been in agreement. We wished to study the effects of acute smoking on platelet behaviour, fibrinolysis and haemorheology in ten habitual smokers, and to compare these results with non-smoking controls. Results show that the smoking group had higher plasma fibrinogen (p less than 0.04), lower plasminogen (p less than 0.02) and plasminogen activator (p less than 0.05), and higher plasma viscosity (p less than 0.003). The changes seen in cigarette smokers after smoking three cigarettes were an increase in the rate of platelet aggregation to ADP (p less than 0.02), an increase in alpha 2M, (p less than 0.02), and factor VIII RAG (p less than 0.05). Plasma viscosity was decreased (p less than 0.02) as was red cell deformability (p less than 0.02). We confirm an increased tendency to hypercoagulability in smokers compared to controls which becomes more pronounced immediately after smoking three cigarettes. PMID- 6232730 TI - Dysfunctional plasminogen in full term newborn--study of active site of plasmin. AB - The functional activity and active site of plasmin in full-term newborns have been studied and compared to those in adults in order to investigate the nature of the abnormality found in newborn plasminogen described in a previous paper. The functional activity of newborn plasminogen measured on chromogenic substrate was approximately 18% that of adult plasminogen when streptokinase was used as an activator and 12% when urokinase was used. Proteolysis of newborn plasminogen by urokinase yielding a two-chain plasmin form occurred normally, but the incorporation of diisopropylphosphorofluoridate into the light chain of newborn plasmin was approximately 23% of that observed in the light chain of adult plasmin. These observations suggest that the abnormality of full-term newborn plasminogen is located in the active site of the molecule. PMID- 6232731 TI - Neutralization of the local negative charge carried by glycoprotein (GP)-Ib in ristocetin-induced platelet agglutination. AB - Pretreatment of platelets with chymotrypsin dose-dependently decreased glycoprotein (GP)-Ib amounts as measured by SDS-PAGE, ristocetin-induced agglutination and platelet electrophoretic mobility (EPM). Decrease in platelet EPM in response to 0.75 mg/ml ristocetin alone were 7.0 +/- 2.3 and 6.8 +/- 4.3% (M +/- S.E., n = 6) for control and chymotrypsin-treated platelets, respectively (p greater than 0.2). Von Willebrand factor (vWF) alone had no effect on platelet EPM. However, in the presence of 0.75 mg/ml ristocetin, added vWF (2.9 micrograms/ml) caused a further 6.3 +/- 3.8% decrease in control platelet EPM, but caused no significant decrease in the enzyme-treated platelets (p less than 0.05). In the presence of 0.3 mg/ml ristocetin, added vWF (2.9-14.5 micrograms/ml) caused a small but significant decrease in control platelet EPM, but caused no significant decrease in the enzyme-treated platelets. These findings suggested that the GP-Ib carrying negative charge decreased by binding of vWF might facilitate a mutual approach of the GP-Ib molecules and bridge formation by vWF between different platelets. PMID- 6232732 TI - An antiplatelet monoclonal antibody that inhibits ADP and epinephrine-induced aggregation. AB - A monoclonal antibody (Mab) named EDU-3, was produced by fusing splenocytes from one Balb/c mouse, immunized with a mixture of platelets and non-T cells from heparinized human peripheral blood, with the HAT-sensitive myeloma line P3 NS1/1.Ag4.1. By indirect immunofluorescence (IF) it was seen that this Mab reacted with all normal human platelets and bone marrow megakaryocytes, but did not react with lymphoid cells from normal donors, or platelets from Glanzmann's thrombasthenia (GT) patients. Immunoprecipitation and SDS-PAGE experiments demonstrated that this Mab recognized an epitope on the IIb-IIIa glycoprotein complex (GPC). EDU-3 inhibited platelet aggregation and release of ATP induced by ADP and epinephrine. Aggregation induced by arachidonic acid, ristocetin and bovine factor VIII were not inhibited by EDU-3. The difference between EDU-3 and other Mab directed against the IIb-IIIa GPC is discussed. PMID- 6232734 TI - An Ia-like antigen positive null cell leukemia cell line (THP-5) lacking in the stimulating capacity in autologous and allogeneic mixed lymphocyte reaction. AB - A null cell leukemia cell line, THP-5, was established from the peripheral blood of a patient with acute null cell leukemia. THP-5 cells were characterized by the presence of Ia-like antigen and the absence of other cell surface markers examined. Despite the presence of Ia like antigen, THP-5 cells had no stimulating capacity in autologous or allogeneic mixed lymphocyte reaction. PMID- 6232733 TI - Inhibition of platelet alpha-granule release in vitro by forskolin. PMID- 6232735 TI - [Medium-term Daphnia test. Evaluation of the toxicity of various trace metals in the presence of humic acids]. AB - Toxicity of copper, cadmium and zinc complexed by the EDTA and HPO4(2)- ligands has recently been studied by the use of the short-term daphnia test. In order to detect the toxicity due to very small quantities of metals present in water in free ionic state or in complexed species formed with humic matters, a medium term test on Daphnia magna has been developed for a better appreciation of lethal and sublethal effects. Collected data are statistically analysed with the use, for instance, of "Lowest Rejected Concentration Tested" previously proposed by Skalski. The test defined in our laboratory allows to point out cadmium concentrations as small as 5 micrograms.l-1. PMID- 6232737 TI - N-methylnicotinamide as a possible prognostic indicator of recovery from leukaemia in patients treated with total-body irradiation and bone marrow transplants. AB - N-methylnicotinamide was determined in urine from patients with acute myelocytic leukaemia following total-body X-irradiation with 8.6 Gy and bone marrow transplantation. Patients that are alive and in excellent condition i.e. with acute leukaemia in full remission showed a distinct enhanced excretion of this metabolite about 20 days p.r. which returned to normal levels at about day 40 p.r. Patients that have died intercurrently of early leukaemic recurrences showed considerable fluctuations in N-methylnicotinamide excretion over the entire period and no "normalization" of levels in these patients was seen. In those cases where late leukaemic recurrence or infections were the cause of death, usually after discharge from the clinic, excretion patterns typical of those seen in disease-free patients were observed. We thus conclude that this metabolite appears to be a suitable tentative prognostic indicator for the overall state of recovery from leukaemia in the patients. PMID- 6232736 TI - Effect of zinc pretreatment on mercuric chloride-induced lipid peroxidation in the rat kidney. AB - The effect of zinc on mercuric chloride-induced lipid peroxidation in the rat kidney was investigated. The rats received zinc acetate (2.0 mmol/kg, po) for 2 days before being given mercuric chloride (15 mumol/kg, sc) and were killed 6, 12, and 24 hr after the last injection. Lipid peroxidation occurred in the rat kidney 12 hr after mercury administration, and this mercury-induced lipid peroxidation was significantly reduced by zinc pretreatment. A decrease in vitamin C and E contents in the kidney was observed 12 hr after the administration of mercury, and this decrease was prevented by zinc pretreatment. In the kidney of rats pretreated with zinc, the activities of the protective enzymes, glutathione peroxidase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, were increased after mercury injection. Non-protein sulfhydryl content (mostly glutathione) also rose markedly. The results indicate that zinc not only induces metallothionein, but also increases protective enzyme activities and glutathione content, which would tend to inhibit lipid peroxidation and suppress mercury toxicity. PMID- 6232738 TI - [Use of temperature parameters of the development of flies in forensic medical practice]. PMID- 6232739 TI - [Use of fibrinolysin in studying haptoglobin in blood stains]. PMID- 6232740 TI - [Health education activity of the forensic medical expert among the general population]. PMID- 6232741 TI - [Experience in conducting working conferences for forensic medical experts in studying material evidence]. PMID- 6232742 TI - Tumor promoters: an overview of membrane-associated alterations and intracellular events. PMID- 6232744 TI - [Nursing care of handicapped children]. PMID- 6232743 TI - Suppressor factors in tumor immunity. PMID- 6232745 TI - [Chylothorax diagnosed neonatally]. PMID- 6232746 TI - [Lumbar complaints among hospital stretcher carriers. Consequences and occupational environment]. PMID- 6232747 TI - [Intracoronary thrombolytic therapy and transluminal angioplasty in acute myocardial infarction]. PMID- 6232748 TI - [Surgical tactics in chronic nonspecific infiltrates of the abdominal cavity and its anterior wall]. AB - Results of the treatment of 130 patients with chronic non-specific infiltrations were analyzed. Different methods of the conservative and surgical treatment are described with special reference to immediate and late results. Indications for each of them are considered. Rational preoperative management and correct choice of the operation volume are thought to be responsible for success of the treatment. PMID- 6232749 TI - [Resection of the costal arches, sternum and rectus abdominis muscle for recurrent desmoids of the abdominal wall]. PMID- 6232750 TI - [Ways of improving bacteriological control in operating rooms]. PMID- 6232751 TI - [Principal ways of developing and improving ambulatory-polyclinical surgical services]. PMID- 6232752 TI - [Laparoscopic methods of creating fistulas in cancer of the digestive organs]. AB - Modified methods of making external fistulas for laparoscopy in 72 patients with tumors of digestion organs are described. An assessment of such fistulas with respect to their functional role, localization of the tumor process and other conditions is given. PMID- 6232753 TI - Evaluation of a modified schedule for lungworm vaccination of calves. AB - The conventional lungworm vaccination schedule, requiring a minimum age of eight weeks, a four-week interval between doses and a further interval of not less than two weeks before turnout, was compared with a modified schedule in which the vaccine was given to calves at six and eight weeks old followed by a turnout immediately after the second dose. The control group consisted of unvaccinated calves, half of which corresponded in age to the conventional and half to the modified vaccination group. All groups were turned out to the same pasture area on May 13 with five calves which were artificially infected with Dictyocaulus viviparus so as to ensure adequate pasture challenge. Challenge caused only mild clinical signs in the vaccinated calves but caused severe husk with two fatalities in the controls. Respiratory rates and faeces larval counts for the vaccinated groups were significantly lower than for the control group and, in the main, not significantly affected by vaccination schedule. The vaccinated groups gained more weight than their respective controls of corresponding age and significantly so for both groups during the period when dictyocaulus infection exerted maximum effect. In this experiment, the modified schedule was as effective as the conventional although delayed challenge precluded a satisfactory test for the effect of turnout immediately after the second dose of vaccine. In a repeat experiment involving apparently a very severe pasture challenge, calves vaccinated at six and eight weeks old showed markedly less resistance than those vaccinated according to the conventional schedule. Probable reasons for the difference in outcome are considered. PMID- 6232754 TI - Pathogenicity of Australian isolates of Haemophilus paragallinarum and Haemophilus avium in chickens. AB - Twenty-seven Australian avian Haemophilus isolates were tested for their ability to cause infectious coryza in specific pathogen-free chickens. All 15 isolates, identified as H. paragallinarum, produced infectious coryza, whereas all 12 H. avium isolates were nonpathogenic, but spread to in-contact chickens. PMID- 6232755 TI - Effect of ammonia on viability and blastogenesis of bovine lymphocytes. AB - The effect of addition of ammonia into the tissue culture on viability and functions of bovine lymphocytes was studied. The concentrations of ammonia in the tissue cultures represented toxic, subtoxic, and normal concentrations of ammonia in the bovine blood during clinical and subclinical urea toxicosis. Lymphocytes separated from peripheral bovine blood were incubated in control medium and test medium with various concentrations of ammonia and/or PHA or Con A. Viability of the lymphocytes was measured by trypan blue exclusion test and their mitogenic reactivity by incorporation of 3H thymidine into DNA of lymphocytes. Approximately 30% bovine lymphocytes were killed by ammonia in medium during 72 hours of incubation. Ammonia also affected the response of lymphocytes to stimulation with PHA or Con A as well as mixed lymphocyte culture reaction. The mitogenic response of lymphocytes was also reduced when lymphocytes were preincubated with ammonia for even 1 hour. The mitogenic response was not restored when the number of lymphocytes preincubated with ammonia was reconstituted to the initial concentration to compensate for the killed lymphocytes before stimulation with PHA. Therefore, addition of ammonia to the culture either killed lymphocytes or permanently impaired their functions. PMID- 6232756 TI - [Characteristics of the clinical symptoms of pulmonary hypertension in bronchial asthma patients]. PMID- 6232757 TI - [Rosacea and demodicosis (a review of the literature)]. PMID- 6232758 TI - [Comparative characteristics of the basic indices of blood lipid metabolism in an urban population]. PMID- 6232759 TI - [Variants of irrigotherapy of lumbosacral radicular syndromes]. PMID- 6232761 TI - Congenital malformations in West Virginia. PMID- 6232760 TI - [Information value of synovial fluid study in rheumatic diseases]. PMID- 6232762 TI - Treatment for rhus dermatitis. PMID- 6232763 TI - [The development of disability due to cardiovascular diseases]. PMID- 6232764 TI - Effects of auxiliary liver transplantation on oxygen consumption in the graft and recipient's liver mitochondria. Possible inter-liver regulating mechanism. AB - Studies were made on inbred rats of Lewis strain with heterotopically transplanted syngeneic liver to assess the effect of this type of liver transplantation on the liver mitochondria. Mitochondria were isolated from own and transplanted liver in 1 and 3.5 months after auxiliary liver transplantation. They showed a progressive decrease in oxygen uptake and citrulline production accompanied by an increase in ATP-ase activity in mitochondria of the recipient's liver and of the graft, as well as diminution in their sensitivity to dinitrophenol, especially in the transplant mitochondria. The results suggest an existence of inhibitory factors transferred by the serum bringing the energetic function in recipient and auxiliary liver mitochondria to a similar level. PMID- 6232765 TI - [Treatment of rosacea with metronidazole internally and externally]. AB - Twenty-two patients suffering from rosacea papulosa or rosacea papulo-pustulosa were treated with Metronidazole at a low dosage (125 or 250 mg/d) for 2 to 6 months. According to our observations during a follow-up period of 12 months, this long-term therapy is well-tolerated and early recurrences are rare in comparison to the former short-term therapy with Metronidazole. It may be called an alternative to tetracycline therapy. PMID- 6232766 TI - [13-cis-retinoic acid--an effective therapy for acne conglobata]. AB - 46 patients suffering from severe forms of acne conglobata were treated with 13 cis-retinoic acid. The initial dosages of 40, 60 or 80 mg of 13-cis-retinoic acid per day were adapted according to the success of therapy or to severe side effects. Pustules and papules responded promptly followed by the reduction of nodes and cysts. The lesions of the face responded quicker than those of chest and back. After 6 months of therapy, the overall reduction of all acne lesions was 94.4% for the face and 85.8% for chest and back. Thus, the out-standing efficacy of 13-cis-retinoic acid in severe forms of acne conglobata has been documented once more. PMID- 6232767 TI - Electron microscopic evidence for the transmembrane displacement of calcium ATPase. AB - Incubation of the Ca2+-ATPase in vanadate solutions leads to the formation of two dimensional arrays in the sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane. Electron micrographic freeze fracture replicas show depressions on the inner leaflet for the first time. This indicates that the ATPase has moved perpendicular to the plane of the membrane. Our results also suggest that aggregation of the Ca2+-ATPase into the two-dimensional arrays occurs before they move into the membrane. These phenomena were observed as soon as 15 minutes after vanadate was added. The effects of vanadate appear to be completely reversible. When SR was incubated in the vanadate solutions and was then diluted into a buffer containing Ca2+ and ATP, the ATPase activity was normal for up to several hours of incubation and only somewhat reduced after 3 days. PMID- 6232769 TI - [Peripheral arterial occlusions. Revision in diagnosis and therapy for the benefit of the patient]. PMID- 6232768 TI - Observations on Schistosoma intercalatum in south-east Gabon. AB - Observations were made in the field and laboratory to determine the strain characteristics of Schistosoma intercalatum in south-east Gabon. For an isolate from Franceville, data are given for egg shape, behaviour of cercariae, seven enzyme systems separated by isoelectric focusing, and intermediate host specificity. Isolates from Cameroun (Edea) and Zaire (Kisangani) were included in a comparative study of the enzymes; Franceville and Edea isolates resembled each other but differed from the Zaire isolate in hexokinase and phosphoglucomutase. The Franceville isolate was polymorphic in phosphoglucomutase and glucosephosphate isomerase. The sum of characters indicates that S. intercalatum as known from south-east Gabon belongs to the strain found in Cameroun and western Gabon, rather than to the strain known from Zaire. More information is needed on strain distribution, particularly for an area including western Zaire and the Republic of the Congo, which appears to separate the two known strains. PMID- 6232770 TI - [Mechanisms of the regulation and adaptation of energy metabolism during aging]. PMID- 6232771 TI - [Current status of the problem of geriatric dietetics]. PMID- 6232772 TI - [Skin side effects of preparations with cardiovascular action]. PMID- 6232773 TI - [Clinical and prophylactic characteristics of skin diseases in female workers in the shoe and leather goods industry]. PMID- 6232774 TI - [Immunological indices of rubromycosis patients in relation to the clinical manifestations of the disease and the area of the skin lesion foci]. PMID- 6232775 TI - A study of deaths and handicap in a consecutive series of spina bifida treated unselectively from birth. AB - In a consecutive series of spina bifida operated unselectively at birth 62% reached the twelfth birthday and 54% could be expected to reach the nineteenth. Many of the most severely affected cases survived; if they died the cause was usually renal failure. Bronchopneumonia was the main cause of death in infants and hydrocephalus in the older children. Girls outnumbered boys by 1:1.3 and, although they were more severely affected, their survival equalled the boys'. Awareness of the high survival rate which results from the treatment of spina bifida is important for the parents of a newborn baby. It is also a prerequisite in planning provision for the young adult. PMID- 6232776 TI - The effect of disability on family life. AB - In the GLC Spina Bifida Survey families were interviewed at 11 years old and the effects of a child with spina bifida on the sibs, father and mother were explored. Health and behaviour of the sibs were reported as at least as good as that of sibs of normal children although mothers of disabled children were more likely to feel that the sibs had suffered. Fathers appeared to have been unrestricted in occupational choice; over the last 9 years 40% had moved upward in social class, twice as many as those who had moved downward. Parents of severely disabled children were significantly more restricted in some social activities than were those of the lightly disabled, and significantly more mothers of SB than of controls reported feeling run-down and depressed. No significant relationship could be found between measures of either health or stress in the parents and any measure of the child's disability level, dependence or amount of hospitalisation, nor with measures of social restriction. There is nevertheless a continuing need for help and support for families of disabled children, for them to make use of as they wish. PMID- 6232777 TI - [Urodynamic measurements of the lower urinary tract--technical realization and implications for the interpretation of findings]. AB - technique of urodynamic measurement is presented which allows both screening and complex measurements to be carried out by a choice of variably combinable individual parameters, exclusively on the basis of GDR instruments and taking into account the unity of the basic functions: collection of urine, miction and continence. Ways in which the readings can be influenced by the methods used are pointed out. A standardized course of examination for complex urodynamic measurement is presented. PMID- 6232778 TI - [URO-103--a new uroflow measuring device]. AB - A new uroflow measuring instrument produced in the GDR by W. Rentsch , the Uroflow -Recorder URO-103, is presented and compared with thermistor and capacity measuring apparatuses. The Uroflow -Recorder gives strictly linear measurements and requires extremely little maintainence . Over the test period of 8 months it functioned free from disturbance. The new apparatus is recommended for use, whereby it is suitable for combined urodynamic measurements. PMID- 6232779 TI - Studies of polyarthritis caused by Mycoplasma arthritidis in rats. I. Detection of the persisting Mycoplasma antigen by the enzyme immune assay (EIA) and conventional culture technique. AB - Investigations on Mycoplasma (M.) arthritidis polyarthritis of the rat produced by intravenous inoculation of M. arthritidis ISR 1 with special reference to the persistence of the inoculated mycoplasma antigen were performed in a total of 145 rats. The mycoplasmas were demonstrated by the conventional culture technique as well as by an enzyme immune assay (EIA). M. arthritidis was cultured from liver, kidney, spleen, and thymus up to 4 days, from trachea and uterus up to 4 weeks, and from lung, heart, brain, and lymph nodes up to 2 months after infection. It could be recovered from the joints in 70-80% of the animals up to 28 days and in the remaining 20-30% up to 200 days after infection. Using the EIA the mycoplasmal antigen could be demonstrated generally, also in the joints of infected rats which had no longer been positive by culture (10-20 weeks after inoculation). The investigations using EIA also showed a positive reaction between antiserum against M. arthritidis and joint homogenates of control rats, indicating the presence of common antigens to M. arthritidis and to joint tissues of the rat. PMID- 6232780 TI - Cell-mediated immune response to Babesia equi-transformed lymphoblastoid cells in vitro. AB - The capacity of equine peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) to proliferate in the presence of Babesia equi-transformed lymphoblastoid stimulator cells was tested in an autologous as well as in an allogenic one way mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR). It was found that both autologous and allogeneic responder lymphocytes incorporated high amounts of 3H-thymidine. The incorporation of 3H-thymidine was lower in MLR using as stimulator cells lymphocytes from which the cell line had previously been established, than when using parasitized culture cells as stimulator. Proliferation of PBL was achieved only with intact infected cells, whereas sonified lymphoblastoid cells did not have this effect. During the course of an infection with B. equi, PBL from six ponies were tested for their capacity to inhibit the in vitro growth on culture cells, when applying cell co cultivation. Starting from day 18 p.i., PBL from older animals inhibited culture schizont growth more effectively than PBL from young ponies. On day 35 p.i., only PBL from two of the older ponies showed an inhibitory effect. Influences of effector cells on target cells and possible mechanisms of their recognition are discussed. PMID- 6232781 TI - Purification and properties of a receptor for the Fc-component of immunoglobulin G from Streptococcus dysgalactiae. AB - A receptor for the Fc-component (FcR) of immunoglobulin (Ig) G was isolated from the cell-free supernatant of a Streptococcus dysgalactiae-culture by affinity chromatography on human IgG-sepharose. The single-step procedure yielded purified FcR with a specific activity of 1.1 x 10(6) U/mg protein. It had an estimated molecular weight of 78 000 dalton and an isoelectric point between pH 4.0 and 4.5. It was destroyed by pronase E and was sensitive to trypsin. Purified FcR gave strong single precipitin lines in the double immunodiffusion test with sera from human, horses, cattle, pigs, sheep, rabbits and guinea pigs. It also reacted with human IgG subgroup 3, differing from protein A of Staphylococcus aureus. PMID- 6232782 TI - [Plastic surgery of the abdominal wall]. AB - An abdominal wall rich of fat or relaxed and poor of fat could be burdensome psychically and physically, especially if there are additional changes of musculoaponeurotic abdominal wall. The line of incision for abdominoplasty (cross ellipse, anchor, star, Pitanguy) depends on age, on obesity and on private wishes of patients. In the restauration of the myoaponeurotic part the abolition of distance between the rectus muscles takes the first place. It will be followed by fastening ciatric hernias, in single cases umbilical or inguinal hernias. A considerable relaxation sometimes forces stretching of the myoapneurotic part, too. Postoperative care must be carefully, to avoid complications in wound healing and above all thromboembolism. PMID- 6232783 TI - Abdominal wall pain--the primary diagnosis. AB - Localized pain in the abdominal wall is a specific entity too frequently mistaken for major intraperitoneal lesions. The present report covers 14 years' experience with this syndrome, discussing its locations, patterns, potential causes and treatment in 269 patients. By the method utilized, primary cure was achieved in 209 cases or 77.7 per cent. The remaining 58 patients responded to further therapy, with a final cure rate of 99 per cent. PMID- 6232784 TI - [Myotonic dystrophy]. AB - Clinicogenealogical examination of 63 patients with myotonic dystrophy as well as the electromyographic and muscular biopsy findings showed this disorder to represent a distinctive clinical form rather than a variant of Thomsen's myotonia. Considerable clinical inter- and intrafamilial polymorphism of myotonic dystrophy was revealed. The characteristics of the disease among the population of the Kuibyshev region are provided, including the description of its specific manifestations in Ukrainian and Russian families. Incomplete penetration of the myotonic dystrophy gene was elicited, with 83% in the Ukrainian, and 91% in the Russian families. PMID- 6232785 TI - [Establishment, growth and tasks of neurologic services of the Smolensk region]. PMID- 6232786 TI - [Population genetic analysis of myopathies among the aborigenes of Pamir]. AB - Epidemiological studies in the mountainous Pamirs made it possible to specify the prevalence and clinical polymorphism of myopathies. Such factors as a high rate of inbreeding, low migration of the population, the presence in the families of an average 7-8 children contributed to the widespread prevalence of the pathological gene and point to the ancestor's effect. The stable nature of various forms of myopathies in the aborigens is maintained by the accumulation of the gene attributable to a large number of heterozygotic carriers. PMID- 6232787 TI - [Cervical syndromes and cervical spondylosis]. AB - The painful cervical syndromes are frequently due to arthrosis. After a complete enumeration of the many clinical syndromes, the Author analyse some conditions, from the functional anatomy point of view, of the cervical spine, responsible for the various clinical manifestations of the cervical syndromes. PMID- 6232788 TI - [Non-degenerative pathology of the cervical spine]. PMID- 6232789 TI - [Vertigo in the pathology of the cervical spine]. PMID- 6232790 TI - [Vertiginous and pseudo-vertiginous manifestations]. PMID- 6232791 TI - [Role of cervical spondylosis in complicated angina pectoris]. PMID- 6232792 TI - [Vascular complications in the thoracic outlet syndrome]. PMID- 6232793 TI - [Experience in surgery of cervical spondylotic myelopathy]. PMID- 6232794 TI - [Cutaneous electrostimulation in the treatment of pain. Clinical study in cervical arthrosis]. PMID- 6232795 TI - [Radiodiagnosis of cervical spondylosis]. PMID- 6232797 TI - [Medico-legal aspects of cervical spondylosis]. PMID- 6232796 TI - [Orthopedic physiokinesitherapy of cervical spondylosis]. PMID- 6232798 TI - [Clinical and therapeutic considerations in cervical spondylosis]. PMID- 6232799 TI - [Immunostimulating action of thermal water on the nasal mucosa]. PMID- 6232800 TI - [Analysis of the enzyme terminal deoxyribonucleotidyl transferase in lymphoma and leukemia cells]. AB - This work analyses the presence of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) in neoplastic lymphoid cells from a series of malignant lymphomas and in leukemic cells from blood or bone marrow of patients with lymphoproliferative diseases. The studied cases were 63 patients with acute leukemias, 26 patients with chronic leukemias, 85 patients with lymphomas and 14 normal controls. The presence of TdT in the neoplastic cells was determined by optimized assays of enzymatic activity or by immunofluorescence test for TdT positive blasts. The fluorescence tests made use of anti-TdT antibodies specifically absorbed on cells containing the enzyme and then revealed by a second fluorescent antibody. Appreciable amounts of TdT were found in the white cells of blood or bone marrow from the following 25 out of 35 acute lymphoblastic leukemias (ALL) with modulations in the different phenotypes; 13 out of 14 acute undifferentiated leukemias (AUL); and 9 out of 15 blastic crises in chronic myelogenous leukemia (CMLbc). The enzyme was present in 12 out of 14 lymphomas of lymphoblastic type (LL); 2 B lymphoblastic lymphomas did not show any TdT positivity. The highest levels of TdT were detected in cells classified as immature lymphoblast or in their precursors. TdT was absent from normal lymph nodes from leukocytes of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and chronic (CML) and acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). 2 out of 14 cases of AML showed a border-line positivity. A definite correlation between concentrations of enzymatic activity and percentage of immunofluorescent cells could not be established. We did not find a precise correlation between the TdT content of lymphoid blasts and other clinical prognostic indices.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6232801 TI - [Hyperlipidemia, diabetes and atherosclerosis: efficacy of treatment with pantethine]. AB - The hypolipidemizing effects of Pantethine were investigated by the Authors in 37 hypercholesterolemic and/or hypertriglyceridemic patients. Of these, 21 were also diabetic, in a satisfying glucidic compensation, in order to verify the action of this drug also in this metabolic condition. The study was carried out for three months and during this period the patients were given Pantethine at the dose of 600 mg/die orally. At the 30th, the 60th, the 90th day of treatment the following parameters were controlled: cholesterolemia, HDL cholesterol, apolipoproteins A and B, triglyceridemia, systolic and diastolic arterial pressure, uricemia, body weight. Thirty days after suspending the treatment, the parameters were controlled again to detect a possible "rebound" effect. The results were analyzed on the whole case-record, subdividing the patients in dislipidemic and diabetic dislipidemic, and on the basis of the Fredrickson's classification. Pantethine induced in all groups a quick and progressive decrease of cholesterolemia, triglyceridemia, LDL cholesterol and Apolipoproteins B with increased HDL cholesterol and Apolipoproteins A. After suspending the treatment, there is a clear inversion of the state of these parameters. The Authors conclude that the present work shows that Pantethine, a natural and atoxic substance, an important component of Coenzyme A, is efficacious in determining a clear tendency towards normalization of the lipidic values. PMID- 6232802 TI - [A case of popliteal pseudoaneurysm caused by femoral exostoses]. AB - A popliteal artery pseudo aneurysm secondary to compression by a bony exostosis is recorded to call attention to this unusual etiological mechanism in a 32 years old woman. Restoration of arterial continuity was achieved by resection of the pseudo aneurysm and end to end anastomosis of the artery. A review of the literature discloses 32 cases of popliteal aneurysms associated to bony exostosis. PMID- 6232803 TI - [Hepatitis B virus infection in a hospital population in Parma: implementation of a vaccination program]. AB - An epidemiological survey of hepatitis B virus infection has been carried out in medical and paramedical employees of the Hospital of Parma, in order to identify high-risk groups and to estimate how many of subjects might be immunized with newly available but expansive vaccine. Radioimmunoassay procedures were used to detect the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and the corresponding antibody (anti-HBs) in serum samples from 1682 hospital workers. Among these person tested, HBsAg was present in 57 (3.4%) and anti-HBs in 438 (26.3%); at least one of the two markers was found in 495 (29.4%). The prevalence of HBsAg and anti-HBs was related more closely to age, years and kind of occupation, than to clinical service (i.e. renal dialysis or medical services) and title (physician, nurse, laboratory technician, support staff. PMID- 6232804 TI - [Lung survival or healing? Description of a case of acute non-lymphoblastic leukosis]. AB - Only few patients (3,8%) affected by ANLL survive for more than 3 years from the time of diagnosis. In the present study the Authors try to determine which clinical and haematological factors can determine long-terme survival. The Authors describe the case of a male patient (25 years old) affected by ANLL (M2), who became and is still now a long-survivor (80 months from 1th complete remission). He has been treated with DNB, ARA-C and TG (TRA schedule) for two cycles. After CR he refused consolidation and reinduction therapy and was treated only with 6-MP and MTX for 3 years, as maintenance chemotherapy. The Authors suggest that important factors for a favourable prognosis are early diagnosis and young age. A relatively high number of platelets can be correlated with a good prognosis. PMID- 6232805 TI - [Possible methods of establishing atypical AV fistulas in patients on hemodialysis]. PMID- 6232806 TI - Pregnancies after terminal microsurgical tuboplasties with early laparoscopic control on the 8th day. AB - 226 terminal or bipolar tuboplasties performed in a continuous series from 1976 to 1982, using microsurgical techniques, are reviewed. 5 varieties of fimbrioplasties and 5 of salpingostomies are described. As previously published, an early laparoscopy was systematically performed 8 days after the plasty, with destruction of new adhesions, the latter being a bilateral obstacle to fecundation in 10% of the total. Out of 175 primary tuboplasties, cumulative pregnancy rate (CPR) is 66% +/- 2 X 6,5 and "real" pregnancy rate (RPR) 46%. For 96 cases of hydrosalpinges, CPR is 49% +/- 2 X 7,5 and RPR 43%. The ectopic pregnancy rate is 9% and spontaneous abortion rate 8%. Out of 47 terminal iterative tuboplasties CPR is 30% +/- 2 X 9 and RPR 25%. 10% of the pregnancies are attributed to the early laparoscopy, which enabled one to destroy bilateral adhesions in these cases. PMID- 6232807 TI - A report on 23 early post-operative laparoscopies performed on the 8th day. AB - The authors have attempted to evaluate the therapeutic usefulness of post operative adhesiolysis in 23 cases of early 8th. day laparoscopies. 13 cases showed a favorable appearance and no action was taken - of these 8 resulted in pregnancies. In 2 cases adhesions formed in the following months. In 10 cases adhesiolysis was performed; in 5 of these adhesions reformed, in 3 there were ectopic pregnancies, in 2 intra-uterine pregnancies where there were unilateral adhesions. The Authors conclude that the intervention had no therapeutic value in this series, but cannot deny its prognostic value. PMID- 6232809 TI - Heterogeneity of lymphocyte function in patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. PMID- 6232808 TI - Effect of cyproterone acetate on testis and accessory sex organs of male rat. AB - A significant reduction in testis, epididymis, seminal vesicles, prostate, and adrenal weight of adult rats was observed after CA treatment (10 mg/animal/day) for 13, 26 and 39 days. Biochemical assay on the epididymis showed a fall in the activities of acid and alkaline phosphatase. A significant fall in citric acid content of seminal vesicle and prostate in experimental animals was noted after CA treatment. Histoarchitecture of accessory sex organs was severely impaired. PMID- 6232810 TI - Natural killer cell activity and T subpopulations in thalassemia major. AB - Natural killer (NK) cell activity against K562 cell targets and the distribution of T cell subpopulations were investigated in the peripheral blood of 25 patients affected by beta thalassemia major, 18 clinically healthy heterozygotes, and 25 age-matched normal subjects. It was found that thalassemia major patients display augmented levels of NK activity [specific lysis 41.9 +/- (se) 4.5%], while thalassemic carriers behave as normal controls [specific lysis 34.6 +/- (se) 3.5%]. The increase of NK function was neither related to the splenectomy nor to the siderosis, but rather to the age and the amount of blood units that the patients had received. An imbalance of circulating T subsets with the helper/suppressor cell ratio significantly diminished (p less than 0.001) was also detected in homozygotes but not in carriers. The finding that NK function is enhanced in homozygous beta thalassemia might be of clinical interest in assessing the risk of development of malignancies in these patients. PMID- 6232811 TI - Behavioural, electrocortical and spectrum power effects after intraventricular injection of thallium in rats. PMID- 6232812 TI - [Analgesic and antipyretic effects of trilobine hydrochloride without induction of physical dependence]. PMID- 6232813 TI - [Effects of dauricine on physiological properties of cat papillary muscle]. PMID- 6232814 TI - [Comparison of the effect of cardiotoxin-like principles from venom of Bungarus fasciatus on excitable tissues]. PMID- 6232815 TI - [Effects of changrolin on contractility and excitability of isolated cat papillary muscle]. PMID- 6232816 TI - [Effects of thioproline on experimental arrhythmia]. PMID- 6232817 TI - [Effects of tetrandrine on contractility of isolated pig coronary artery strips]. PMID- 6232818 TI - [Effect of potassium and magnesium aspartate on experimental myocardial ischemia and infarction]. PMID- 6232819 TI - [Effects of tanshinone II-A sulfonate on thrombus formation, platelet and blood coagulation in rats and mice]. PMID- 6232820 TI - [Effects of fluorocarbon blood substitute on bone marrow erythropoietic function and phagocytic activity]. PMID- 6232821 TI - Effect of thiocyanate on ions transport across the rat gastric mucosa. PMID- 6232822 TI - [Effect of total saponins of Panax notoginseng on adrenocortical function of rats and guinea pigs]. PMID- 6232823 TI - [Antimalarial activities of hydroxypiperaquine and its phosphate against Plasmodium berghei and Plasmodium cynomolgi]. PMID- 6232824 TI - [Effects of artemether on Schistosoma japonicum adult worms and ova]. PMID- 6232825 TI - [Histological observation on the effects of praziquantel on schistosomulae of Schistosoma japonicum in mouse skin]. PMID- 6232826 TI - [Comparison of the effect of five antitumor drugs on the hemopoietic and P388 leukemic stem cells in mice]. PMID- 6232827 TI - The effect of temperature on muscle resting potential in some insects. AB - The effect of temperature on muscle resting potential was studied in Acheta domesticus, Leptinotarsa decemlineata and Tenebrio molitor. The experiments were performed using the conventional microelectrode method and specific physiological solution for each insect species. The measurements were taken at three temperature levels: +/- 4 degrees C, +/- 20 degrees C and +/- 35 degrees C. Placing the preparations into a bath at 4 degrees C caused in all three species a rapid decrease of the muscle resting potential (+/- by 1/3). Increased temperature (+/- 35 degrees C) led to a transient increase of the resting potential (10 min after placing in the solution), and then a decrease of the potential below the control values. The possible mechanisms of these findings based both on ionic gradients, permeabilities and metabolic activity are discussed. PMID- 6232828 TI - Zimeldine versus amitriptyline in endogenous depression. A double-blind study with special reference to effects on liver function. AB - In a double-blind comparison of 21 inpatients with endogenous depression 225 mg zimeldine demonstrated the same degree of antidepressive efficacy as 150 mg amitriptyline after 4 weeks of treatment. Only "sleep disturbances" on the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRS) showed significant (P less than 0.05) improvement with amitriptyline. Only small differences in the frequency of side effects were seen. In the zimeldine group, increased sweating and headache were more pronounced, while the amitriptyline patients more often reported dry mouth and constipation. Body weight was not significantly changed by either treatment. In the zimeldine group, treatment had to be interrupted in three patients due to hypersensitivity reactions in the form of drug fever. Three other patients in the zimeldine group showed clinically significant elevation of liver enzymes. Hypersensitivity reactions and abnormal blood chemistry were both reversible. The adverse reactions are discussed, the cause of the occurrence remaining unknown. PMID- 6232829 TI - Proprioceptive-motor circuits governing striated muscles. Structure, function and disorders. PMID- 6232830 TI - [Arterial hypertension with unilateral pressor kidney. Preliminary study, evaluation of the renin index in renal veins, and medical and surgical treatment and percutaneous transluminal angioplasty. Evaluation of the usefulness of captopril]. PMID- 6232831 TI - Inhibition of murine suppressor T cell development by 2'-deoxyguanosine in vivo. PMID- 6232832 TI - Tumor specific conversion of a pyrimidine antimetabolite. AB - In order to explain the high differences of activity of 5'-dFUR and FUdR in the 4 tumor lines the conversion rate of the 2 nucleosides to the cytotoxic metabolite 5-FU was measured and compared with the conversion rate of uridine to uracil in tumor and liver homogenates. High activity of pyrimidine nucleoside phosphorylase was found in 5'-dFUR-sensitive tumor tissues. Conversion rates of uridine and 5' dFUR were much lower in 5'-dFUR-insensitive tumors and in normal liver. This might at least partially explain the different responses to 5'-dFUR in vivo and in vitro. PMID- 6232833 TI - Effect of single oral doses of prednisone and deflazacort on human lymphocyte distribution and functions. Analysis with monoclonal antibodies. AB - Two corticosteroids, prednisone and deflazacort, have been compared with respect to their capacity of inducing redistribution of T lymphocyte subsets, modification of expression of Ia antigens by PHA primed T cells, and inhibition of blastogenesis of T cells in autologous mixed lymphocyte reactions. Both corticosteroids were able to induce T lymphocytes depletion, increase of suppressor T cells, inhibit Ia expression upon mitogenic activation of T lymphocytes, and inhibit autologous MLRs either when non T cells or when PHA T lymphocytes were used as stimulators. We conclude that deflazacort may constitute a better glucocorticoid than prednisone for correcting the imbalance among T cells subsets, the helper T cells activity and the processes of cell-to-cell cooperation in immune diseases. PMID- 6232834 TI - Effects of high doses of glucocorticoids on T-cell subsets in renal transplantation. PMID- 6232835 TI - The cutaneous effects of glucocorticoids. PMID- 6232836 TI - Reduced vasoconstrictor response after angioplasty in normal rabbit aortas. AB - Angioplasty was performed on rabbit aortas in vivo. During balloon catheter inflations, the aortic diameters increased by 29%-75%; after deflation, there was persistent dilation of the treated segments by 11%-45%. Aortic strips removed from dilated and nondilated segments were tested for vasoconstrictor response in vitro. The vasoconstrictor response was attenuated in proportion to the effective stretch applied to the aorta in vivo. It was concluded that angioplasty can induce paralysis of smooth muscle. PMID- 6232837 TI - Iliac artery rupture during transluminal angioplasty. PMID- 6232838 TI - Medical care of the deinstitutionalized mentally retarded. AB - Community-based group homes for the deinstitutionalized mentally retarded are becoming more common. Individuals in this setting have unique acute and chronic medical conditions. Long-term use of medications, exposure to hepatitis B, problems with sexuality and special contraception needs are commonly encountered. The physician who provides care for patients in this setting can serve as a central referral source and coordinator of medical services, as well as an educator to staff and family. PMID- 6232839 TI - Noninvasive evaluation of the severity of aortic stenosis in adult patients. AB - To determine if a combination of noninvasive variables would be useful in the prediction of the severity of isolated aortic stenosis (AS), 53 patients (mean age 63.4 = 11 years) were evaluated by the following criteria: (1) aortic valve calcification in the plain chest x-ray film; (2) left ventricular hypertrophy by ECG and M-mode echocardiography; (3) faint or absent aortic closure sound; (4) timing of the peak of the systolic murmur; (5) half rise time (T time) of the carotid pulse; and (6) ejection time index. A numeric scoring system and a logistic regression model employing these variables were developed. The total maximum score was 16 points. Sensitivity and specificity for each variable were determined. Patients with clinically evident coronary artery disease (CAD) and significant aortic regurgitation were excluded. All patients underwent hemodynamic studies and coronary arteriography. Thirty-two patients had severe AS (aortic valve area less than 0.75 cm2) and 21 had mild to moderate AS (aortic valve area greater than 0.75 cm2). Significant CAD (greater than or equal to 50% reduction in luminal diameter) was present in 55% of patients. A total score of greater than or equal to 5 occurred in 59% (19 of 32) of patients with severe AS compared to 5% (1 of 21) of patients with mild AS. The presence of subclinical CAD moderately reduced the accuracy of the scoring system principally by its effect upon the timing of the systolic murmur and the ejection time. Combining the scoring system with the presence or absence of symptoms improved the identification of severe AS in patients with a low score.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6232840 TI - Acute coronary occlusion during balloon angioplasty due to intracoronary thrombus and coronary spasm: a reversible complication. PMID- 6232841 TI - Endocardial fibroelastosis with congenital complete heart block in identical twins. PMID- 6232843 TI - Decision making by parents and pediatricians. PMID- 6232842 TI - Acquired left ventricular endocardial constriction from massive mural calcific deposits: a newly recognized cause of impairment to left ventricular filling. PMID- 6232845 TI - Effects of nondepolarizing neuromuscular blocking agents on erythrocytes in vitro. PMID- 6232844 TI - Employment rehabilitation: outcome and prediction. AB - Several factors have been shown to influence return to work after chronic disability, but little is known about their independent effect. There is also some disagreement about what constitutes successful resettlement in work. To establish the predictors of an early return to stable employment, 1,565 rehabilitees discharged from two employment rehabilitation centers in England were followed for at least 1 year. Nineteen entry characteristics and six outcome measures were analyzed by the canonical correlation method. Results in the two groups of rehabilitees were fairly similar. Three variables contributed most to the outcome measure: getting a job, delay in starting work, and employment status at the time of follow-up. Factors associated with a successful outcome were motivation, a low level of physical disability, short duration of unemployment before rehabilitation, completion of rehabilitation course, and a low level of general unemployment in the home area of the rehabilitee. PMID- 6232846 TI - Suppressor cells in end-stage renal disease. Functional assays and monoclonal antibody analysis. AB - Suppressor cell activity after concanavalin A induction was studied in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients undergoing long-term hemodialysis. Suppression both of the mixed lymphocyte reaction and of allogeneic cells stimulated with phytohemagglutinin was significantly higher with peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients undergoing hemodialysis than with cells from control subjects. Expression of the Ia antigen on T lymphocytes (associated with immunologic activation) was studied by staining with monoclonal antibodies and two-color fluorescence analysis in a computer-linked cytofluorograph. In unstimulated cells, there was no significant difference between the patients and control subjects. After concanavalin A induction, the percentage of T4, and particularly of T8, cells expressing the Ia antigen was significantly higher in the group undergoing hemodialysis. The functional suppression seen after concanavalin A induction in the mixed lymphocyte reaction was significantly reduced by treatment with OKT8 monoclonal antibody and complement; in phytohemagglutinin cultures, both OKT8 and OKIa*1 antibodies were effective. The reduced in vitro response of uremic lymphocytes may thus be a consequence of increased suppressor activity associated with the T8-positive, Ia-positive subset of T cells. PMID- 6232847 TI - Monitoring activity of fibrinolytic agents. A therapeutic challenge. AB - The recognition that thrombolytic therapy may be beneficial for coronary thrombolysis has led to an increased use of plasminogen activators in critically ill patients, sometimes with inadequate monitoring. This review delineates the components of the fibrinolytic system, describes mechanisms of fibrinolysis, and presents practical guidelines for monitoring the use of activators of the system. PMID- 6232848 TI - Effect of hemodialysis on left ventricular performance. Analysis of echocardiographic subsets. AB - To assess the effect of hemodialysis on left ventricular performance, we performed M-mode echocardiography on 31 patients with end-stage renal disease prior to and immediately following 4-hour chronic maintenance hemodialysis. Overall, hemodialysis produced a significant increase in mean heart rate and the mean velocity of circumferential fiber shortening (mean Vcf), a significant decrease in mean stroke index and no significant change in mean cardiac index. Hemodialysis resulted in a significant increase in mean Vcf in the subset of patients with reduced mean Vcf prior to dialysis, but produced no significant change in mean Vcf in the group with normal predialysis mean Vcf. Hemodialysis resulted in a significant increase in mean Vcf in the subset of patients with normal left ventricular end-diastolic volume prior to dialysis, but produced no significant change in mean Vcf in the group with increased predialysis left ventricular end-diastolic volume. The presence of left ventricular hypertrophy appeared to blunt the expected increase in mean Vcf in the group with reduced mean Vcf prior to hemodialysis. These results suggest that predialysis left ventricular volume, wall thickness and contractility are important determinants of the effect of hemodialysis on left ventricular performance. PMID- 6232849 TI - Hysteroscopic incision of the septate uterus. AB - Fifteen women underwent hysteroscopic incision of symptomatic septate uteri between April, 1982, and July, 1983. All procedures were performed on an outpatient basis with general anesthesia, by means of dextran hysteroscopy with direct-vision scissors incision of the septa under external laparoscopic guidance. No significant intraoperative nor postoperative complications occurred. Preoperative indications included repetitive pregnancy loss (eight), repetitive pregnancy loss and infertility (four), infertility and total uterine septum (one), preinsemination by donor (one), and intractable dysmenorrhea (one). A total of 72 hysteroscopic septal incision/resection procedures unassociated with any significant morbidity have been reported in the literature. Compared to transabdominal metroplasty, hysteroscopy is an outpatient procedure that avoids abdominal and uterine incisions and requires no long-term postoperative delay in attempting pregnancy. In addition, subsequent pregnancy does not require cesarean section. With these advantages, hysteroscopic incision of the symptomatic septate uterus can replace transabdominal metroplasty and allow liberalization of operative indications. PMID- 6232850 TI - Tamoxifen and endometrial carcinoma: alterations in estrogen and progesterone receptors in untreated patients and combination hormonal therapy in advanced neoplasia. AB - Estrogen receptors and progesterone receptors were measured in tumors from patients with previously untreated endometrial carcinoma before and after a 5-day course of tamoxifen citrate. On initial biopsy, 13 of 25 tumors (52%) were progesterone receptor-positive, whereas 21 of 25 tumors (84%) were progesterone receptor-positive after tamoxifen. Grades 1 and 2 tumors were more likely to demonstrate this increased incidence of measurable progesterone receptors. Considering these results, and the work of others who have shown that progesterone receptor-positive metastatic endometrial cancer is more responsive to progestin therapy than are progesterone receptor-negative tumors, we instituted a phase II clinical trial of tamoxifen plus progestin for patients with recurrent endometrial carcinoma. Thus far, however, the 33% total response rate achieved with the combination therapy has not been superior to standard progestin therapy. PMID- 6232851 TI - In vitro fertilization. PMID- 6232852 TI - Immunofluorescent localization of adhesive glycoproteins in resting and thrombin stimulated platelets. AB - The distribution and transport of thrombospondin (TSP), fibrinogen (Fbg), fibronectin (Fn), and Factor VIII-related antigen (VIII:RAg) in resting and thrombin-stimulated platelets was investigated by immunofluorescence microscopy. In resting intact cells, little surface staining was seen for these proteins. In permeable resting cells, punctate staining similar to that reported for platelet factor 4 was observed. Double-label immunofluorescence staining for Fbg and either beta-thromboglobulin (beta TG), TSP, or Fn demonstrated co-localization, indicating their presence in the same intracellular structures. VIII:RAg showed general co-localization; however, the staining was finer, suggesting a possible differential intragranular localization. Thrombin stimulation induced the appearance of larger (approximately 0.5 mu) immunofluorescent masses of these proteins. In thrombin-stimulated cells, co-localization of all proteins in these masses was observed by double label immunofluorescence. Thus, TSP, Fbg, Fn, and beta TG are localized in the same structure in resting cells. Thrombin stimulates formation of common larger masses of these proteins prior to their release, suggesting that they reach the cell surface through a common intermediate. PMID- 6232853 TI - Thiabendazole-induced suppression of renal damage in a murine model of autoimmune disease. AB - The present study was designed to compare the efficacy of thiabendazole (TBZ) with that of levamisole in the treatment of murine lupus. Both drugs were given in the presence of the T-dependent antigen dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB). Female NZB/NZW F1 mice 2 months of age were treated with TBZ + DNFB, levamisole + DNFB, and drug solvents, once a week, from 2 through 9 months of age. All mice were then left without further treatment for an additional 2 months. TBZ/DNFB treatment has significantly reduced proteinuria, glomerular deposition of immunoglobulins and complement components, and development of the proliferative glomerulonephritis characteristic of untreated NZB/NZW mice. Levamisole/DNFB treatment, on the other hand, had little to no effect on the course of the disease when compared with untreated NZB/NZW mice. These studies clearly demonstrate the effectiveness of the TBZ/antigen therapy in maintaining renal function in autoimmune diseased mice. PMID- 6232855 TI - Etiologic aspects and pathogenesis of persistent middle ear effusion. AB - For generations malfunction of the eustachian tube has been considered the primary cause of middle ear disease. Although the role of such malfunction in the initiation of the disorder is well proven, in the light of immunologic research, its contribution to persistence is less certain. Recent developments in immunology and the comparative possible roles of tubal malfunction and an immune complex disorder in persistent middle ear effusion are reviewed with a view to providing an explanation for treatment failures with current therapies. PMID- 6232854 TI - The immunologic characterization of 95 nodal and extranodal diffuse large cell lymphomas in 89 patients. AB - Ninety-five diffuse large cell lymphomas in 89 patients were stained in cryostat sections with a panel of monoclonal antibodies. Lymphoma cells from 47 patients (53%) expressed either kappa or lambda light chains, usually in combination with mu heavy chains. Fifteen samples from 12 patients (14%) expressed two or more T cell antigens and commonly expressed Ia antigens. Lymphoma cells from 10 of these patients uniformly lacked one or more pan T-cell antigens; lymphoma cells from 4 of these patients also lacked both T-subset antigens--findings which should prove useful in diagnosis. Lymphomas from 28 patients (31%) did not express immunoglobulin or T-cell antigens but commonly expressed the B-lineage antigen B1; and the remaining 9 cases generally expressed Ia antigens, common ALL antigens, or both. Our findings confirm the marked immunologic heterogeneity of diffuse large cell lymphomas; the phenotypic heterogeneity observed in T-cell cases in many instances is difficult to reconcile with current models of T-cell differentiation. PMID- 6232856 TI - Histamine action on guinea pig ileal mucosa. AB - Nerve-mediated and direct actions of histamine on mucosal transport function in the guinea pig ileum were investigated. Addition of histamine to the serosal side of flat sheet preparations in Ussing chambers evoked a transient increase in base line short-circuit current that was due primarily to an increase in active chloride secretion. The mucosal response to histamine was mimicked by the H1 receptor agonist 2-methylhistamine, but not by the H2-receptor agonist dimaprit. The histamine-evoked response was prevented by the H1-receptor blocker pyrilamine, but not by the H2-receptor antagonist cimetidine. Thirty percent of the mucosal response to histamine was inhibited by tetrodotoxin. Intracellular electrical recording showed that histamine activated AH/type 2 myenteric neurons, and this response was abolished in the presence of pyrilamine. Local anesthetic action of pyrilamine was ruled out by direct electrical recording from myenteric neurons in the presence and absence of pyrilamine. Electrical field stimulation evoked a biphasic increase in short-circuit current. Histamine and 2 methylhistamine did not alter the sustained phase of the short-circuit current response to electrical field stimulation, although pyrilamine reduced the electrically evoked response by 22%. Muscarinic blockade with atropine reduced the stimulus-evoked response by 55%. When muscarinic receptors were blocked and electrical field stimulation applied, histamine increased the stimulus-evoked mucosal response by 22.3%. These results suggest that histamine increases short circuit current and chloride secretion by acting at H1-receptor sites on both the enteric innervation of the mucosa and on the enterocytes. PMID- 6232857 TI - Tetraethylammonium transport by isolated perfused snake renal tubules. AB - Tetraethylammonium (TEA) transport was studied in isolated perfused snake (Thamnophis spp.) proximal renal tubules. Unidirectional lumen-to-bath (J1--- bTEA) and bath-to-lumen (J1----bTEA) fluxes exhibited saturation kinetics, but Jb ---1TEA also exhibited an apparent diffusive component and J1----bTEA did not. Jb ---1TEA exceeded J1----bTEA at all concentrations studied, resulting in net TEA secretion. Transport into cells across both luminal and peritubular membranes was apparently against an electro-chemical gradient and was inhibited by cyanide. Km for J1----bTEA (5.9 microM) was about one-third Km for Jb----1TEA (19.9 microM), indicating greater affinity of the luminal transporter for TEA; but Vmax for Jb-- -1TEA (153 fmol X min-1 X mm-1) was about six times Vmax for J1----bTEA (27 fmol X min-1 X mm-1), indicating a greater capacity of the peritubular transporter for TEA, which could account for net TEA secretion. Jb----1TEA was inhibited by N methylnicotinamide (NMN) in the bath, but J1----bTEA was inhibited initially and then apparently transstimulated by NMN in the lumen, indicating possible countertransport. J1----bTEA, but not Jb----1TEA, was significantly reduced by replacement of sodium with sucrose, indicating possible sodium dependency of the luminal transporter. All data indicate active (either primary or secondary) TEA transport at both luminal and peritubular membranes but net transepithelial transport in the bath-to-lumen direction. PMID- 6232858 TI - Developmental changes in myocardial mechanical function and subcellular organelles. AB - This study investigates the developmental changes in myocardial mechanical function and the function of subcellular organelles. Mechanical function was determined at various Ca2+ concentrations ( [Ca2+]0) in the isolated, arterially perfused heart of the fetus (28th day of gestation), newborn (3-5 day old), and adult rabbit. Maximal force of contraction in the fetus (observed at 7.5 mM [Ca2+]0) was significantly less than that in the newborn (observed at 30 mM ( [Ca2+]0), and both the fetus and newborn values were significantly less than that in the adult (observed at 15 mM [Ca2+]0). The myofibrillar content in the fetus and ATPase activity in the fetus and newborn were significantly less than in the adult at pCa 4 and 5 where this enzyme was maximally activated. Both the amount of sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) and SR Ca2+ uptake per gram of muscle increased with age. Mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake was not observed at pCa more than 6 (physiological range) in all age groups. At pCa less than 6, mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake (per g muscle) in the newborn was significantly greater than in the fetus and adult. Ca2+ uptake by crude homogenate in the newborn was also greater than in the fetus and adult. These data suggest that the age-related change in myocardial contractility is due to the differences in intracellular Ca2+ concentration and myofibrillar content as well as ATPase activity. Intracellular Ca2+ concentration may vary with development depending on the relative capability of Ca2+-releasing system and Ca2+-sequestering system. PMID- 6232859 TI - Derangements of muscle composition, ion transport, and oxygen consumption in chronically alcoholic dogs. AB - Muscle ion composition, Na-K-ATPase activity, tissue respiration, and transmembrane potential differences were measured after 28 and 56 days of ethanol consumption (6.2 g X kg-1 X day-1) or an isocaloric amount of glucose in 12 and 4 dogs, respectively. Ethanol and glucose were given as supplements to an otherwise nutritious diet. After 28 and 56 days of alcohol consumption, skeletal muscle contents of phosphorus, magnesium, and potassium were significantly reduced as compared with either the control values or those in glucose-fed animals. In alcohol-fed animals, muscle sodium chloride, and calcium were significantly elevated. Ethanol consumption also resulted in hyperpolarization of the resting transmembrane potential of skeletal muscle fibers and a significant increase in Na-K-ATPase activity. No change was noted in Mg-ATPase activity. The increase in Na-K-ATPase activity was accompanied by increased sodium transport-dependent respiration. These results indicate that a subclinical myopathy may be induced by alcohol in the dog. Malnutrition did not appear to be a factor in this study, and thus the changes observed are believed to be due to ethanol per se. The magnitude and direction of these changes are similar to those observed in the skeletal muscle of chronically alcoholic humans. The changes in Na-K-ATPase activity and sodium transport-dependent respiration may represent adaptive responses of the muscle cell to ion transport or membrane disorders induced by ethanol. PMID- 6232860 TI - Comparison of slow response action potentials from normal and hypertrophied myocardium. AB - Previous studies have shown that papillary muscles from hypertrophied cat right ventricles (RVH) exhibit altered mechanical properties which may be associated with defects in the excitation-contraction coupling process. Since calcium influx [as slow inward current (Isi) during the cardiac action potential is thought to be a major determinant of contractile state, we compared Isi-mediated slow response action potentials ( SRAPs ) in papillary muscles from cats with RVH, induced by chronic pulmonary artery constriction, to SRAPs from sham-operated controls. The results show that 1) when depolarized by elevated extracellular potassium (K+o, 22 mM), RVH muscles became inexcitable (as defined here) significantly faster than control muscles; 2) inexcitable RVH muscles required significantly more isoproterenol than controls to restore slow response activity; 3) at all isoproterenol concentrations tested, SRAPs from RVH muscles were reduced in amplitude and duration compared with controls; 4) SRAPs evoked by long duration stimulus pulses in the absence of isoproterenol were also markedly reduced in RVH; and 5) the relationship between resting potential and K+o was the same in both groups. If the alterations in SRAPs observed in RVH are produced by a smaller Isi, this change may be associated with the diminished inotropic state of cardiac muscle caused to hypertrophy due to pressure overload. PMID- 6232861 TI - Pitfalls in measuring the health status of Mexican Americans: comparative validity of the English and Spanish Sickness Impact Profile. AB - We tested a Spanish translation of the Sickness Impact Profile (SIP) in a clinical study of low back pain, which included non-Hispanic patients (Group I), Mexican Americans who used the English SIP (Group II), and Mexican Americans who used the Spanish SIP (Group III). The reliability and clinical validity of responses by these three groups were compared. Internal consistency of responses by all three groups was excellent ( Cronbach 's alpha for the overall SIP = .93 - .95). When construct validity was tested by correlating SIP scores with several clinical measures of disease severity, however, important differences emerged. Group I responses appeared to be highly valid, while group III responses did not; Group II responses appeared reasonably valid, but intermediate between the other groups. These differences appear unlikely to be due to clinical differences, interviewing, or translational problems and seem to parallel the groups' levels of "acculturation." It may be that certain aspects of acculturation, including familiarity with questionnaire research, critically affect the validity of responses to this questionnaire. PMID- 6232862 TI - Epidemiology of musculoskeletal impairments and associated disability. AB - Data from the US Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (HANES I) of 1971-1975 confirm the high prevalence of musculoskeletal impairments among United States adults. Musculoskeletal impairments tend to be more prevalent among older persons, and persons with less education and with lower annual family incomes. Prevalence rates are slightly higher in females than in males, while Whites and non-Whites are affected with almost equal frequency. Among persons reporting a history of musculoskeletal symptoms, those who have some disability tend to be older, non-White, of lower education and income, and widowed, separated, or divorced. Persons with multiple parts of the body involved, or reporting that their symptoms are due to accident or injury are also especially likely to report disability. Taken as a whole, the data suggest that medical, social, and economic factors all play a role in determining whether a person with musculoskeletal impairment goes on to develop disability related to his or her impairment. PMID- 6232863 TI - The Baby Doe regulations: governmental intervention in neonatal rescue medicine. PMID- 6232864 TI - Local active suppression by suppressor cells in the decidua: a review. AB - The immunological survival of the antigen-bearing mammalian feto-placental unit is determined by the functional properties of the tissues at the feto-maternal interface. Antigen-specific systemic suppressor mechanisms such as suppressor T cells and nonantigen-specific suppressive serum factors appear not to play a major role in protection of the fetus. A novel type of non-MHC specific suppressor cell accumulates locally in the decidua of successfully allopregnant mice. This decidua-associated suppressor is a small lymphocytic cell possessing cytoplasmic granules, lacks T cell markers, and is deficient in number and activity at the implantation sites of viable xenogeneic Mus caroli embryos gestating in the uterus of Mus musculus animals at the time that maternal lymphoid cells begin to infiltrate the xenoembryos. These Mus caroli embryos subsequently resorb. Further experimental studies suggest that the trophoblast cells associated with successful pregnancy recruit bone-marrow derived maternal non-T suppressor cells to the decidua and thus, by an indirect mechanism, may act to protect the fetus from effector cells of the mother's immune system. PMID- 6232865 TI - Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty. Results and surgical implications. AB - This retrospective study of 91 percutaneous transluminal angioplasties in 80 patients showed an overall patency rate by life-table analysis of 46 percent with a follow-up period of 36 months. Success rates were significantly reduced by predilatation ankle-brachial ratios less than 0.45, by diabetes, by pain at rest or necrosis, and somewhat, by older age. The overall success rate for iliac dilatation was significantly better (58 percent) than that in the femopopliteal segments (18 percent). Although percutaneous angioplasty was performed on many patients thought to be high surgical risks, the complication rate was low, and complications that required surgical intervention were rare (4 percent). Angioplasty was used as an adjunct to vascular surgery in several ways. An attempt to dilate a Dacron graft-femoral artery anastomosis was unsuccessful, and one of two dilatations distal to a femoropopliteal bypass was successful. However, the combination of an iliac angioplasty with outflow femoropopliteal or femorofemoral bypass produced a long-term patency rate of over 85 percent, significantly better than that achieved with iliac dilatation alone. Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty is both an alternative and an adjunct which should be considered by vascular surgeons for their patients. PMID- 6232866 TI - [Efficacy of using coamid to treat viral hepatitis in pregnant women]. PMID- 6232867 TI - Hydrophobic and ionic effects upon the electrophoretic mobilities of the subunits of coupling factor 1 from mitochondria. AB - A sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-urea polyacrylamide gel system was used to investigate certain properties of the subunits of the beef heart mitochondrial ATPase, (native F1, nF1). By examining the affects of urea concentration and acrylamide concentration upon the electrophoretic mobilities of the polypeptides comprising the nF1 enzyme, we have obtained conditions under which all five subunits are simultaneously resolved when the discontinuous buffer system of Laemmli is used (U. K. Laemmli (1970) Nature (London) 277, 680-685). The determination of the apparent molecular weights by analysis of Ferguson plots (K. A. Ferguson (1964) Metabolism 13, 985-1002) revealed that the addition of urea to the SDS gels resulted in a decrease in the apparent molecular weight of the beta subunit. A dramatic increase in the apparent molecular weight of the delta subunit was also brought about by the presence of urea in the SDS gels. In addition, the apparent molecular weight of both the alpha and the beta subunits was dependent upon the acrylamide concentration used, indicating that these subunits contain either areas highly resistant to denaturation by the combined action of urea and SDS, or covalent modifications leading to anomalous electrophoretic mobility. The results of experiments in which urea analogs were used indicate that the interactions of urea with the beta subunit involve the formation of hydrogen bonds between urea and regions of this subunit. On the other hand, the interactions of urea with the delta subunit are primarily of a hydrophobic nature, suggesting that these interactions could involve domains of the delta subunit required for binding of the coupling factor to the mitochondrial membrane. PMID- 6232868 TI - Lipid-protein ratios by infrared spectroscopy. AB - A method for measuring the ratio of diacyl phospholipid to protein in lipid protein mixtures and membranes by infrared spectroscopy is described. Samples made of diacyl phospholipid and proteins mixed in known ratios were analyzed for lipid-protein ratio by the infrared (ir) method. Results had a standard deviation of less than +/- 4% over the lipid-protein molar ratio range of 9:1 to 320:1. Calculations of the ratio of total lipid to protein require that the diacyl phospholipid-to-protein ratio be divided by the mole fraction of diacyl phospholipid in the total lipid. Phospholipid-protein ratios for various sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane preparations (R1-washed, octylglucoside purified, deoxycholate treated) were determined by the ir method and compared to literature values. Also, phospholipid-protein ratios were determined for R1-washed sarcoplasmic reticulum by three chemical analyses using different protein assays and were compared with ratios obtained by the infrared method. The infrared results were closest to those of a chemical method designed specifically for membrane proteins. PMID- 6232869 TI - ATP-ase activity in the human oral mucous membrane, the guinea pig and the rabbit epidermis. A light- and electronmicroscopical investigation. AB - The activity for ATP-ase was investigated in cells of rabbit and guinea pig epidermis and human oral mucosa. Observations both in the light- and electron microscope indicate that the ATP-ase positive cells of guinea pig and human epithelia are Langerhans cells while in the rabbit epidermis the reacting cells have the features of keratinocytes. A calcium containing mixture of paraformaldehyde and glutaraldehyde is recommended as the fixative of choice for demonstration of ATP-ase activity in Langerhans cells. PMID- 6232870 TI - A scanning electron microscopic study of Reissner's fibre in elderly mice. AB - Reissner's fibre was investigated in brains and cervical spinal cords of mice aged 28 and 31 months using scanning electron microscopy. At both 28 and 31 months Reissner's fibre was present. It arose from a fusing together of numerous smaller fibres in the subcommissural organ and was observed in the aqueduct, fourth ventricle and central canal of the medulla and spinal cord. For most of its length it was a ridged structure similar to a stick of celery but in places small processes could be seen arising from its surface. Cilia, supraependymal cells and other debris appeared to be adherent to the fibre and this may support the view that Reissner's fibre has a detoxifying function which is still present in old age. PMID- 6232871 TI - Prenatal development of the bovine lung. PMID- 6232872 TI - Location of autonomic cell bodies projecting to the extrathoracic smooth muscle of the canine trachea. PMID- 6232873 TI - [Developmental changes in the structure and function of the ruminal epithelium. 2. Morphological differentiation of the epithelial barrier in lambs during the first weeks of life]. PMID- 6232874 TI - [Morphology of the rete testis of the domestic goat (Capra circus, L.)]. PMID- 6232875 TI - Morphology of the vesicular and bulbourethral glands in barrows and the changes induced by diethylstilboestrol. PMID- 6232876 TI - [Urinary tract of the Gallus gallus--Indian River: II. Trajectory and relations of the ureter with blood vessels]. PMID- 6232877 TI - [Differentiation of cartilage cells of articular surfaces based on the example of the formation of synovial fossae]. PMID- 6232878 TI - Electromyographic study of some accessory muscles of respiration in children with obstructive sleep apnea. AB - To further elucidate the pathogenesis of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), we recorded sternocleidomastoid (SCM), genioglossal (GG), and abdominal (ABD) muscle activity, using surface electromyograms (EMGs), during 45 polygraphic studies in 39 children referred for possible OSA. For each muscle, an index of electromyographic (EMG) activity was developed, allowing an interpatient regression analysis of EMG amplitude versus highest PACO2 and lowest transcutaneous O2 tension (tcPO2) during sleep. Phasic inspiratory SCM activity was present during more than 50% of sleep time in 16 of 20 patients with OSA versus only 2 of 15 patients without OSA; SCM EMG activity increased with increasing PACO2 (r = 0.45, p less than 0.02) and decreasing tcPO2 (r = 0.51, p less than 0.01). Phasic inspiratory GG activity was present during more than 50% of sleep time in 15 of 18 patients with OSA versus none of 4 without OSA; GG EMG activity increased with increasing PACO2 (r = 0.51, p less than 0.05) and with decreasing tcPO2 (r = 0.60, p less than 0.02). Phasic expiratory ABD activity was present during more than 50% of sleep time in 10 to 20 patients with OSA versus 1 of 12 patients without OSA. These findings suggest the following conclusions: (1) inspiratory (SCM), airway-maintaining (GG), and expiratory (ABD) muscles contract during sleep-related partial airway obstruction in children; (2) augmented GG activity during periods of sleep-related partial airway obstruction suggests that pediatric OSA involves pathogenic mechanisms other than GG hypotonia; (3) expiratory ABD muscle activity suggests that some children with OSA have increased expiratory, as well as inspiratory, airway resistance during sleep.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6232879 TI - The state of the single tryptophyl of the black-eyed pea trypsin and chymotrypsin inhibitor by charge transfer with N-methylnicotinamide chloride. AB - The single tryptophan residue of the black-eyed pea trypsin and chymotrypsin inhibitor was found to be sufficiently exposed to bind N-methylnicotinamide chloride and give rise to a characteristic charge-transfer absorption spectrum. At pH 7.0, ionic strength of 1M and 25 degrees C, an apparent association constant K = 3.19 +/- 0.07 M-1 and a molar extinction coefficient epsilon = 1240 +/- 18 M-1 cm-1 (at 350 nm) were obtained for the charge-transfer complex. The values of these parameters were also estimated for other wavelengths over the 330 420 nm range. The association constant showed a negligible dependence on the wavelength. PMID- 6232880 TI - Autoantibodies to platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa and to the acetylcholine receptor in a patient with chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura and myasthenia gravis. AB - The coexistence of chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura and myasthenia gravis has been infrequently reported. We report another case and show the coexistence of autoantibodies to the platelet glycoprotein IIb and IIIa complex and the acetylcholine receptor. Autoantibody levels were followed during 8 weeks of treatment with cyclophosphamide, vincristine, and prednisone; the concentration of both autoantibodies fell during treatment but without measureable clinical improvement. PMID- 6232881 TI - Screening for lamB missense mutations which alter all lambda receptor activities in Escherichia coli K12. AB - Previously described missense mutations in gene lamB, the structural gene for the lambda receptor in Escherichia coli K12, affected only some of the activities of this multifunctional protein. We isolated lamB mutations, some of which could be of the missense type, and which affected all of the activities of the LamB protein. Among 8 of these mutations, 5 affected the stability of the LamB protein and 3 did not markedly decrease the amount of LamB protein in the mutant strains. In these 3 cases, the mutated LamB proteins were recovered with the envelope of the mutants. We briefly discuss the nature of these mutations and their possible effects on LamB protein structure and location. PMID- 6232882 TI - Lymphocyte activation studies by fluorescent probes. PMID- 6232883 TI - Immune complex-mediated disease and immunofluorescence. PMID- 6232884 TI - The value of immunofluorescence in the study of renal disease. PMID- 6232885 TI - [Laparoscopy and echography in the diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy. Description of 215 cases]. PMID- 6232886 TI - [Hot film anemometry: applied to the study of the activity of lamellibranch mollusks, the vectors of trematodes]. PMID- 6232889 TI - [Toward a more natural umbilicus in abdominoplasties]. PMID- 6232888 TI - The efficacy of agents employed to prevent anastomotic recurrence in colorectal carcinoma. AB - Forty-eight of 72 surgeons canvassed in the South West of England (67%) routinely use an intraluminal cytotoxic agent to prevent suture-line recurrence following partial resection of the large bowel for cancer. The most popular agents are chlorhexidine-cetrimide preparations (n = 14), mercuric perchloride (12), povidone-iodine (7) and water (12); noxythiolin, sodium hypochlorite and silver nitrate are used occasionally. The mean duration of treatment is 2 minutes. When assayed for cytotoxity against tumour cells freshly prepared from human colorectal carcinomas (n = 10), both chlorhexidine-cetrimide and povidone-iodine were rapidly lethal at a wide range of concentrations (5-100%). Mercuric perchloride (0.2%) was similarly effective, but up to 20% of tumour cells remained viable after exposure to noxythiolin and nearly 30% with water alone. Chlorhexidine-cetrimide and povidone-iodine are the agents of choice to kill malignant cells exfoliated into the colorectal lumen. PMID- 6232887 TI - [Common and uncommon forms of female sexual precocity and their biological diagnosis]. PMID- 6232890 TI - Effector and regulator functions of splenic and thymic lymphocytes in the clawed toad Xenopus. AB - B cells in Xenopus, as characterized by surface immunoglobulin, nylon-wool adherence and ability to produce antibody in vitro, were found in both major lymphoid organs: 10-25% Ig-positive cells for spleen and 0.5-4% for thymus. The splenic and thymic B cells were able to produce specific antibody of both isotypes, IgM and low molecular weight (LMW) Ig (IgG equivalent). While for a T cell-dependent antigen, DNP-KLH, both required T-cell help, thymic B cells for a specific antigen produced far more LMW Ig than splenic B cells. Thymic T cells had the same ability as splenic T cells to elicit an allogenic GvH, but with much less efficiency, probably as a result of fewer mature cells. In contrast to splenic T cells, thymic T cells provided little or no help for B cells and, in certain instances, demonstrated suppressor activity. PMID- 6232891 TI - A serial study of peripheral blood T lymphocyte subsets in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. AB - Twelve patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis and 3 control subjects were evaluated weekly for six months. Peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets were enumerated using monoclonal antibodies and analysis with a dual laser fluorescence-activated cell sorter. Results were correlated with clinically assessed disease activity. Fluctuations occurred in the number of T lymphocytes (Leu 1+) and cells with the helper/inducer phenotype (Leu 3a/OKT4+) in both patients and controls. Fluctuations in the number of cells with the suppressor/cytotoxic (Ts/c) cell phenotype (OKT5, OKT8, Leu 2a+) also occurred. Variations in the relative numbers of cells labeled with all three Ts/c monoclonals did occur, but with OKT5 generally labeling fewer cells than OKT8 or anti-Leu 2a. When findings were correlated with disease activity, OKT5 was a more sensitive gauge of disease activity than either OKT8 or anti-Leu 2a. When peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets were correlated with disease activity, the following patterns were observed: a reduction in the number of Ts/c cells without evidence of clinical disease (four episodes), the development of new symptoms suggestive of an acute relapse but without a reduction in the number of Ts/c cells (two episodes), and a reduction in the number of Ts/c cells associated with acute relapse (two episodes). In the two patients with acute relapse and a reduction in the number of Ts/c cells, clinical disease preceded a reduction in the number of Ts/c cells in 1 patient, whereas the two events occurred simultaneously in the other patient. Taken together, these limited results indicate that in some cases a reduction in the number of Ts/c cells may be the result rather than the cause of disease activity and may represent an epiphenomenon. PMID- 6232892 TI - Restrictive cardiomyopathy. AB - Restrictive cardiomyopathy is a descriptive clinical and hemodynamic syndrome emphasizing the pathophysiologic mechanisms by which myocardial hypertrophy and/or infiltrative processes cause cardiocirculatory morbidity. This diagnosis can be made with precision only after pericardial construction is excluded and myocardial biopsy has identified the restrictive process. Though a variety of rather rare infiltrative pathological entities may be responsible for the restrictive cardiomyopathic picture, most commonly no definitive pathologic diagnosis is established despite extensive hemodynamic and histologic investigation. Nonetheless, a therapeutic trial with a calcium entry blocking agent is warranted. PMID- 6232893 TI - Interventional coronary arteriography. AB - During the past five years percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) and intracoronary infusion of streptokinase have been introduced and rapidly accepted as new methods for the treatment of patients with ischemic heart disease. Both of these methods hold great promise for the future. PTCA is established as useful in some selected patients while intracoronary streptokinase is still investigational. PMID- 6232894 TI - Renovascular hypertension. AB - Renovascular hypertension, the most common form of secondary hypertension, continues to present a variety of diagnostic and therapeutic dilemmas. This article briefly reviews the pathogenesis, etiology, natural history, and classification of the forms of renovascular disease and discusses available techniques for its diagnosis and treatment in adults. PMID- 6232895 TI - Ciprofloxacin, a quinolone carboxylic acid compound active against aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. AB - The in vitro activity of ciprofloxacin, a quinolone-carboxylic acid derivative, was compared with those of norfloxacin, cefotaxime, cephalexin, ceftazidime, moxalactam, amoxicillin, and methicillin and other agents, as appropriate. The MICs of ciprofloxacin for 90% of members of the family Enterobacteriaceae and for Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Neisseria spp., and Bacteroides fragilis were between 0.005 and 0.8 micrograms/ml, whereas streptococci and staphylococci were all inhibited by less than or equal to 6.3 micrograms/ml. Ciprofloxacin was 4- to 32 fold more active than norfloxacin and inhibited gentamicin-, ameikacin-, cefotaxime-, and moxalactam-resistant members of the family Enterobacteriaceae and P. aeruginosa and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. The activity of ciprofloxacin was not affected by serum but decreased in the presence of acid urine. The frequency of resistance to ciprofloxacin was between 10(-7) and 10( 9). PMID- 6232896 TI - Career paths through mental retardation services: an epidemiological perspective. AB - Children born during a five year period, resident in a British city, and administratively defined as mentally retarded were followed up at age 22. Age specific prevalence rates ranged from 2.5/1000 at age 5 to 14.7/1000 at age 11. The various mental retardation services for children and adults are described and the frequencies with which different paths through services were followed are given. Almost three-quarters of those who had been at a school for educable, mentally retarded children received no services in the young adult period. The distributions of various associated disabilities among those receiving different services after leaving school are given. These illustrate the multiple problems presented by those who continue to require services in adulthood. The epidemiologic data presented provide a basis for estimating service needs. PMID- 6232897 TI - Method for detecting production of zearalenone, zearalenol, T-2 toxin, and deoxynivalenol by Fusarium isolates. AB - Three methods for detecting toxigenic fusaria in culture were compared by using known producers of zearalenone, zearalenol, T-2 toxin, and deoxynivalenol. Moist, autoclaved rice cultures of known toxigenic isolates grown in 20-ml tubes yielded oily extracts containing compounds which interfered with qualitative and quantitative analysis for the mycotoxins. Vermiculite moistened with nutrient broth in 20-ml tubes yielded a much cleaner extract. Growing the fungi on a liquid medium required a shorter incubation period, but yields of T-2 toxin and deoxynivalenol were low and variable, and the method required greater space in the incubator. Screening of the extracts by thin-layer chromatography with colorimetric spray reagents to detect the presence of these toxins permitted reduction in the number of extracts quantified by the more lengthy gas-liquid chromatographic method. Culturing in nutrient broth on vermiculite in tubes coupled to a qualitative screen before quantitation proved to be a convenient, inexpensive, and relatively rapid method that enabled reliable screening of a large number of Fusarium isolates for toxin production as compared with prior methods. PMID- 6232898 TI - Hydrophobic interaction chromatography of myosin fragments: potential use in purification. AB - Myosin fragments were fractionated on columns of the hydrophobic gel phenyl Sepharose CL-4B. In the presence of high NaCl concentrations the fragments bound tightly to the columns; they could be eluted by decreasing the ionic strength, by increasing the pH, or by applying various concentrations of ethylene glycol. In myosin subfragment-1 (S-1), the light chains underwent partial dissociation from the heavy chain and bound separately to the column matrix. The order of strength of binding of the various species to the column was heavy chain greater than A1 light chain greater than A2 light chain greater than native S-1 greater than denatured heavy chain or S-1. Thus the hydrophobic gel appears to be able to differentiate between enzymatically active and inactive S-1. Under appropriate elution conditions it was possible to obtain S-1 preparations depleted from nicked heavy chains and with specific ATPase activities 34-130% higher than those of untreated S-1. When S-1 (A2) was fractionated on phenyl-Sepharose a fivefold enrichment of the heavy chain with respect to the light chains was obtained, while the ATPase activity was equal or larger than that of the original S-1, implying that the light chains are not essential for ATPase activity. Thus, it seems that chromatography of S-1 on phenyl-Sepharose is a potentially useful method for obtaining a purified myosin heavy-chain fragment with a high ATPase specific activity. PMID- 6232900 TI - Viral-like syndrome associated with minocycline. PMID- 6232899 TI - [Biological response modifying effect of chemotherapeutic agents against cancer]. AB - Certain chemotherapeutic agents against cancer have been used clinically as an immunosuppressive drug. In recent immunological advances it has been demonstrated that some chemotherapeutic agents can modify the antibody production and delayed type hypersensitivity. In connection with modification of anticancer immune responses by the agents, many investigators have reported the increased production of NK cells in normal animals and of effector T cells in tumor-bearing animals, after administration of agents. Some authors have emphasized the possible role of the agent given before the tumor-inoculation for enhancement of host-mediated anti-tumor response on subsequent tumor growth. In general, these beneficial effects associated with the agents have been attributed to the abrogation of either suppressor T cells or macrophages. On the other hand, some reports including recent ones from this laboratory have described the production of tumoricidal macrophages by i.p. injection of the agent. The underlying mechanism (s), though not yet apparent, seems to be related to activation of macrophages. A small body of clinical suggests evidence suggesting immunoaugmentation by chemotherapy, but the therapeutic significance remains obscure. Though the immunoresponses , response components and the agents examined are heterogeneous and some results are restricted in a special experimental model, the immune response increase by anticancer chemotherapeutic agent in generally conceivable, and it should be further studied from the viewpoint of the host-mediated therapeutic effect. PMID- 6232901 TI - Patch test responses evaluated by cutaneous blood flow measurements. AB - We measured the cutaneous blood flow in positive standard patch test reactions by use of the laser-Doppler technique. The results were compared with conventional visual readings to develop a quantitative method. Compared with the basal blood flow in negative or nontested sites, the blood flow was significantly increased about fivefold in the doubtful reactions (?+), and about tenfold in both weak (1+) and strong (2+) positive reactions. The blood flows in the 1+ and 2+ reactions did not differ significantly from each other. No 3+ positive reactions were measured. We conclude that this method might be used to separate negative, doubtful, and positive reactions, whereas weak and strong positive reactions have to be differentiated by other means. PMID- 6232902 TI - The role of circulating immune complexes in the aetiology of polymorphic eruption of pregnancy. AB - Circulating immune complexes were measured in 35 patients with polymorphic eruption of pregnancy employing three different techniques. No significant abnormalities were detected by the C1q solid phase binding assay and polyethylene glycol precipitation of immunoglobulin G. However, using a solid phase polyclonal rheumatoid factor binding assay, which detects small immune complexes, we demonstrated a significant reduction in the level of circulating immune complexes during the acute stage of the eruption. We suggest that the leakage of small immune complexes through dilated upper dermal vessels may play a role in the aetiology of polymorphic eruption of pregnancy. PMID- 6232903 TI - [What is economic damage in man?]. PMID- 6232904 TI - [Socioeconomic benefits of coronary dilatation]. AB - The socioeconomic benefits of coronary artery dilatation to the individual and the society in general, were assessed in a review of our first 158 cases in which we studied the length of in-patient treatment, the period off work and the number of patients returning to work after six months and one year. The population included 114 men and 44 women with an average age of 50 +/- 10 years, a history of anginal pain of 18.10 +/- 26.13 months, and of resistant angina of 4.33 +/- 5.72 months. Only one artery was diseased in 130 patients (82%), the remaining patients having multivessel disease. Left ventricular function was normal in 76% of the patients under study. Fifteen patients had already finished working at the time of dilatation and were excluded from the study. One hundred and nineteen (84%) of the 142 patients followed-up were still working before dilatation and 112 (79%) returned to work after 6 months. Of the 94 patients with a good initial result of dilatation, 76 returned to work (81%); 12 initial failures were treated medically, and 6 (50%) returned to work (p less than 0.05); 36 initial failures underwent aorto-coronary bypass surgery and 30.83% are back at work. At one year, 89% of the 103 patients followed-up were working, whilst only 83% of this subgroup were working before dilatation. The 91% of the 69 initial successes have returned to work; 71% of the 7 failures treated medically and 95% of the 27 failures who then underwent bypass surgery, have also returned to work.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6232905 TI - An examination of factors affecting the instability of Saccharomyces cerevisiae glucan synthetase in cell free extracts. AB - Yeast beta(1--3) glucan synthetase is stimulated and stabilized by EDTA. Sucrose protects the enzyme from self-inactivation. Preincubation of cell free extracts at low sucrose concentrations indicates a slow transition of the enzyme towards dissociation. Transition kinetics at 30 degrees C and 0 degrees C in the presence and in the absence of sucrose are interpreted assuming that a subunit is thermolabile in the free state and that sucrose increases its stability. Magnesium is deleterous for glucan synthetase in cell-free extracts. Chaotropic agents inactivate glucan synthetase according to their capacity to solubilize and depolymerize biological compounds. Fluoride plays a special role in the activation of glucan synthetase. Its action appears to be dependent on the presence of GTP (or other nucleotides). The role of all these agents on the activity and stability of the enzyme is interpreted in a unified scheme. PMID- 6232906 TI - [Effect of carbuterol and of a fenoterol-ipratropium bromide combination on mucociliary transport in chronic bronchitis]. PMID- 6232908 TI - Decade of the Disabled. PMID- 6232907 TI - Sensitivity of RBC membrane Ca2+-adenosine triphosphatase to calmodulin stimulation. Variations in patients with bipolar affective disorders. AB - The sensitivity of RBC membrane (RBCM) Ca2+-adenosine triphosphatase (Ca2+ ATPase) to calmodulin stimulation was repeatedly studied in healthy volunteers and in 12 patients with affective disorders. Whereas control response was relatively stable, the patients showed great variability. This phenomenon was not due to formation of resealed vesicles in the RBCM nor to the quantity of calmodulin remaining in the RBCM preparations present in the cells before hemolysis. Changes in calmodulin sensitivity did not correlate with changes of mood or of drug treatment. When Ca2+-ATPase was relatively unresponsive to calmodulin, considerable enzyme activity was maintained at low calcium concentrations without calmodulin. In samples showing a large response to calmodulin, virtually no enzyme activity was detected at low calcium concentrations without exogenous calmodulin. Thus, calcium dependence and calmodulin sensitivity of the Ca2+-ATPase appeared to correlate positively with each other. As a similar phenomenon has been linked to changes in the composition of membrane phospholipids responsible for the regulation of Ca2+-ATPase activity, variations in baseline activity and calmodulin-induced stimulation of this enzyme may represent a fundamental defect in systems regulating membrane phospholipid composition. PMID- 6232909 TI - [Cardiac malformations and genetic syndromes]. PMID- 6232911 TI - [Jatene's operation. Technic, indications and current results]. PMID- 6232912 TI - [The electrocardiogram of the elderly patient with arterial hypertension]. PMID- 6232910 TI - [The double-patch technic for the surgical correction of atrioventricular defects]. PMID- 6232913 TI - Neuroendocrinologic findings in patients with untreated Huntington's chorea. AB - Huntington's chorea (HC) was studied in 14 untreated patients, in six patients receiving long-term neuroleptic treatment, and in four patients after drug withdrawal. Our results showed that patients with HC may be divided into three groups, otherwise clinically indistinguishable, on the basis of growth hormone responsiveness to dopaminergic stimuli. The existence of subpopulations of patients with HC must be considered in further studies on these subjects. PMID- 6232914 TI - Correlation of electromyography with computed tomography in evaluation of lower back pain. AB - High-resolution computed tomography (CT) of the lumbar spine in 80 consecutive patients with lower back pain was correlated with electromyography (EMG) and with the clinical outcome at one-year follow-up. Forty-two patients had abnormal EMG findings that could be explained on the basis of anatomical defect(s) seen on CT. Nine had normal CT scans but abnormal EMGs, and five patients had normal EMGs but abnormal CT scans. Thirteen of the 80 patients were further investigated with myelography, 22 patients underwent surgical exploration, and the remainder received conservative therapy. In the majority of cases, surgery confirmed the abnormal CT and EMG findings; in some instances, however, myelography and/or surgery confirmed the abnormality only at the level demonstrated on EMG. The CT and EMG often agree. However, an abnormal EMG seems to correlate better with the demonstrated course of radiculopathy than CT. PMID- 6232915 TI - Scopulariopsis onychomycosis. PMID- 6232916 TI - Omphalocele, hernia of the umbilical cord and gastroschisis. PMID- 6232917 TI - Diagnostic value of radionuclide technetium 99m-MDP skeletal survey in acute leukaemia. PMID- 6232918 TI - Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty: a vascular surgeon's viewpoint. PMID- 6232919 TI - The dental distress syndrome (DDS). PMID- 6232920 TI - Dental orthopedics--stress management. PMID- 6232921 TI - May balancing technique. PMID- 6232922 TI - An inquiry into the effects of malocclusion on the cerebral cortex as related to abnormal parturition. PMID- 6232924 TI - Mobilization of heparan sulfate induced by immunostimulation in a patient with mucopolysaccharidosis IIIA. AB - Unspecific immunostimulation by bacterial vaccines of a patient with mucopolysaccharidosis IIIA (Sanfilippo A) syndrome induces a marked increase in the urinary excretion of heparan sulfate and of uronate-containing oligosaccharides. This event is presumably linked to an increased vascular permeability and exocytosis of storage material, elicited by mediators of inflammation, as well as to enhanced degradation of stored polymers in activated macrophages and surrounding tissue. PMID- 6232923 TI - Lactose and fatty acid synthesis in lactating-rat mammary gland. Effects of starvation, re-feeding, and administration of insulin, adrenaline, streptozotocin and 2-bromo-alpha-ergocryptine. AB - Lactose synthesis and fatty acid synthesis in intact lactating-rat mammary gland were measured simultaneously by incorporation of [U-14C]glucose and of both [U 14C]glucose and 3H2O respectively. Both processes were almost abolished by overnight starvation. Self-re-feeding caused recovery of lipogenesis to 100% of normal by 2 h and to 170% by 5 h. Lactose synthesis recovered to 80% of normal by 5 h. Food intubated to starved rats caused partial recovery in 3 h, standard diet favouring lactose synthesis and sugars favouring lipogenesis. Casein and starch were ineffective. Olive oil intubated to fed rats suppressed lipogenesis greatly and lactose synthesis slightly. Paraffin oil or water partly mimicked these effects. Adrenaline (subcutaneous) decreased lipogenesis from glucose, whereas insulin (subcutaneous) caused hypoglycaemia associated with loss of lactose synthesis but unchanged fatty acid synthesis. Streptozotocin and 2-bromo-alpha ergocryptine (CB-154) impaired lipogenesis but not lactose synthesis. The results are interpreted in terms of competition for intracellular glucose by biosynthetic pathways for lactose and fat, and the possible implications for variations in milk composition are discussed. PMID- 6232926 TI - Endogenous calmodulin and Ca2+-ATPase activity of human erythrocyte membranes. AB - Treatment of calmodulin-depleted erythrocyte membranes with oleic acid solubilizes only a minor fraction of membrane proteins which, however, contains more than 90% of the total endogenous calmodulin. Concomitantly, Ca2+-ATPase is completely and irreversibly inactivated. By treatment with oleic acid in the presence of Ca.ATP the inactivation of Ca2+-ATPase is abolished to a great extent, the loss of endogenous calmodulin, however, is not affected. Thus, a major participation of endogenous calmodulin in the regulation of Ca2+-ATPase of erythrocyte membranes seems to be improbable. PMID- 6232925 TI - Red cell enzyme deficiencies as non-disease. AB - Many red cell enzyme defects have been discovered, many of them in patients with hemolytic anemia. In some cases a cause-and-effect relationship between the enzyme deficiency and shortening of red cell life span has been clearly documented. However, some enzyme deficiencies are well tolerated by the erythrocyte, appearing to produce no impairment in function. These include deficiencies in catalase, galactokinase, UDPGlu-4-epimerase, NADPH diaphorase, phosphoglucomutase, acetylcholinesterase, glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase, and adenylate kinase. The capacity of the erythrocyte to tolerate deficiencies in these enzymes indicates either that the metabolic pathways which the enzyme serves are not required by the red cell or that redundancies in metabolism exist which allow the erythrocyte to compensate for the enzyme deficiency. PMID- 6232927 TI - The role of spectrin-dependent ATPase in erythrocyte shape maintenance. AB - The paper reports on the relationship between spectrin-dependent ATPase and erythrocyte shape. It can be seen from various experiments that different treatment of erythrocyte membrane which brings about alteration in activity of spectrin-dependent ATPase, also changes erythrocyte shape. We suggest that spectrin-dependent ATPase is a large actomyosin-like protein complex with some characteristics of contractile protein which, under suitable conditions, causes a physiological tension (contraction) of the membrane. Energetically rich state of spectrin-dependent ATPase seems to be responsible for this phenomenon. PMID- 6232929 TI - Interpreting trends in illness and disability: health statistics and health status. PMID- 6232928 TI - Genetic epidemiology. PMID- 6232930 TI - [Active and passive immunoprophylaxis for Hepatitis B]. PMID- 6232932 TI - [Research and strategies for the study of acute respiratory infections in childhood]. PMID- 6232931 TI - [Measles antibodies in women seeking a prenuptial medical certificate in Mar del Plata, Argentina]. PMID- 6232933 TI - [Life expectancy of the problem drinker in Santiago, Chile. II. Estimation of the number of deaths]. PMID- 6232934 TI - [Evaluation of the analgesic activity of zomepirac sodium on sciatica and lower back pain]. PMID- 6232935 TI - Anatomical and physiological basis of parietal treatment of severe peritonitis and evisceration. AB - The failures observed in attempts to obtain abdominal closure "at all costs" and the risks and difficulties of laparostomy led us to develop a technique of exclusive cutaneous cover to treat cases of severe peritonitis and evisceration with or without exposed fistula. This method is based on certain anatomical features of the anterolateral abdominal wall and its physiological properties when eventration or evisceration is present. The forces of parietal dehiscence were determined in 6 patients having undergone major surgery of the digestive tract. The magnitude of these forces, the neccessity of obtaining biological protection and the structure and physiology of the superficial layers of the abdominal wall require a cutaneous cover with traction-free sutures via cutaneoaponeurotic incisions of relaxation. The rich vascularization of the abdominal wall, the number and topography of the perforating arteries and the existence of hypodermal, subdermal and subpapillary anastomoses allow the surgeon to perform extensive cutaneoaponeurotic mobilization. PMID- 6232936 TI - Azathioprine and 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP) suppress the human mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) by different mechanisms. AB - 6-MP inhibitory effects on the MLR were reversed by AIC (46%), adenine (32%), hypoxanthine (89%), adenosine (86%) and inosine (93%). AIC, adenine, hypoxanthine and inosine had no effect on azathioprine inhibition of the MLR. Adenosine at 10 microM caused 29% reversal and had no effect at 100-400 microM on azathioprine inhibition of the MLR. Reversal of 6-MP suppression of the MLR was decreased with the delay of adenosine addition. Guanine, xanthine and guanosine caused no reversal of 6-MP or azathioprine inhibitory effects on the MLR. These results show that azathioprine and 6-MP suppress the MLR by different mechanisms. PMID- 6232937 TI - A dose-response investigation of a benzoyl peroxide wash in the treatment of acne -a laboratory study. PMID- 6232938 TI - Epidermal T lymphocytes and HLA-DR expression in psoriasis. AB - Double staining immunofluorescent techniques and monoclonal antibodies were used to study the numbers, distribution, HLA-DR expression and relationship of T-cell subpopulations and dendritic cells in psoriatic skin. In the dermis there was a definite increase in both T helper and T suppressor cells in uninvolved skin of psoriatic patients, and the appearance of clinical lesions was not associated with any detectable change in the numbers of these cells in the dermis. In contrast, eruption of skin lesions was associated with an increase in the numbers of epidermal HLA-DR+ dendritic cells and also with epidermal influx and activation of T helper cells, while resolution of lesions coincided with increased epidermal entry and activation of T suppressor cells. Both the T helper and T suppressor cells were preferentially found adjacent to epidermal dendritic cells. These findings suggest that the clinical activity of psoriasis may be dependent upon the interaction of T helper and suppressor cells with antigen presenting cells in the epidermis. PMID- 6232939 TI - Circulating androgens in male acne. AB - Total serum testosterone, free testosterone, sex hormone binding globulin, albumin and dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate were measured in thirty-five men with severe acne. No striking differences were demonstrated between patients and controls in any of the measurements. PMID- 6232940 TI - Cutaneous lymphomatoid granulomatosis: a rare cause of recurrent skin ulceration. AB - We report the case of a 34-year-old male who presented with recurrent skin ulceration due to lymphomatoid granulomatosis. Monoclonal antibody studies showed a high T helper (T4):T suppressor (T8) cell ratio in both the lesions and the peripheral blood. Plasma cells in the infiltrate showed IgA lambda staining but as yet no monoclonal immunoglobulin has been identified in the blood or urine. Lymphocytes bearing markers of immature cells (T10) were observed in the tissue and blood. PMID- 6232941 TI - The spectrum of Dowling-Degos disease. PMID- 6232942 TI - Asthma and other symptoms in cinnamon workers. AB - Cinnamon, which is the bark of the Cinnamomum zeylanicum tree, contains cinnamic aldehyde, which is an irritant. Workers processing cinnamon before export are exposed to much cinnamon dust. Forty such workers with an average of four years' service in the industry were examined. Thirty five workers (87.5%) had symptoms, nine having had asthma (22.5%). Other symptoms, probably related to the irritant nature of cinnamon dust, were irritation of skin (50%), loss of hair (37.5%), and smarting of eyes while at work (22.5%). Loss of weight (65%) was the commonest finding. Contact dermatitis which has previously been described was not found in any of the workers. PMID- 6232943 TI - Lipid abnormalities in workers exposed to dioxin. AB - Ten years after an incident in which workers were exposed to tetrachlorodibenzodioxin (TCDD) a controlled biochemical study showed statistically significant increases in the serum cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations of workers both with and without chloracne. Urinary excretion of D glucaric acid was significantly higher for all workers. PMID- 6232944 TI - Steroid receptors and response of ovarian cancer to hormones in vitro. AB - Oestrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) content and the response in vitro to tamoxifen (T), medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) and to a combination of the two hormones were determined in 21 epithelial ovarian carcinomas. The response was assessed by the level of adenosinetriphosphate in the cells. ER and PR were detected in 62% and 57%, respectively, with significant variations between the different histopathological cancer types. ER and PR predicted the response in vitro in 62% of the tumours exposed to the combined hormones, and in 38% and 33% of those exposed to T and MPA, respectively. The value of steroid receptor determinations in selecting the proper hormonal treatment in ovarian cancer is significantly reduced because of the high proportion of incorrect predictions. PMID- 6232945 TI - Steroid receptors and response of ovarian cancer to cytostatic drugs in vitro. AB - Samples of 21 ovarian cancers were assayed for oestrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) content, and the response in vitro to treatment with a combination of doxorubicin, diacetyldian hydrogalactitol and cisplatin was determined. The number of living cells after drug exposure was estimated by a new ATP-bioluminescence method and the tumours were considered responsive if cell survival was less than or equal to 50% of the value in a corresponding control culture. Of the 16 tumours that responded to drug exposure, nine were ER positive, seven ER-negative and eight were PR-positive, eight PR-negative. The mean percentages of surviving cells ranged from 22.2% in PR-negative tumours to 30.9% in PR-positive tumours. There were no differences in the response rates or in the degree of response to the cytostatics in terms of either receptor status or tumour histology. The results were also compared with those obtained in the same tumour samples exposed to hormones, tamoxifen and medroxyprogesterone acetate. The average response of all tumours was better to cytostatics than to hormones (P less than 0.05); this was particularly marked in the ER-negative tumours. Cytostatics may be preferable to hormones as the primary drug treatment for ovarian cancers but steroid-receptor determinations appear not to help in formulating the optimum drug treatment. PMID- 6232946 TI - Defective proton ATPase of uncA mutants of Escherichia coli. 5'-Adenylyl imidodiphosphate binding and ATP hydrolysis. AB - The Escherichia coli uncA gene codes for the alpha-subunit of the F1 sector of the membrane proton ATPase. In this work purified soluble F1 enzymes from three mutant strains ( uncA401 , uncA447 , and uncA453 ) have been compared to F1 from a normal strain in respect to (a) binding of 5'-adenylyl imidodiphosphate (AMPPNP) to native enzyme in both the presence and absence of Mg, (b) high affinity binding of MgATP to native enzyme, (c) total reloading of MgAMPPNP to nucleotide-depleted F1 preparations, (d, e) ability to hydrolyze MgATP at both high MgATP concentrations (d) (steady-state conditions) and low MgATP concentrations (e) where substrate hydrolysis occurs under nonsteady-state (" unisite ") conditions, and (f) sensitivity of steady-state ATPase activities to inhibitors of normal F1-ATPase activity. uncA mutant F1 showed normal stoichiometry of MgAMPPNP binding to both native (three sites per F1) and nucleotide-depleted preparations (six sites per F1). Native uncA F1 preparations showed lower-than-normal affinity for MgAMPPNP and MgATP at the first site filled. Binding of AMPPNP in the absence of Mg was similar to normal, except that no increase in affinity for AMPPNP was induced by aurovertin. The uncA F1-ATPases had low but real steady-state rates of ATP hydrolysis, which were inhibited by aurovertin but relatively insensitive to inhibition by AMPPNP, efrapeptin, and sodium azide. Non-steady-state ( unisite ) ATP hydrolysis rates catalyzed at low substrate concentrations by uncA F1-ATPases were similar to normal.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6232947 TI - Adenosinetriphosphatase site stoichiometry in sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles and purified enzyme. AB - The stoichiometry of phosphorylation (catalytic) sites in sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles ( SRV ) and SR ATPase purified by differential solubilization with deoxycholate was found to be 4.77 +/- 0.4 and 6.05 +/- 0.18 nmol/mg of protein, respectively, when phosphorylation was carried out under conditions permitting 32P labeling of nearly all sites. Assuming that each site corresponds to a single 115K ATPase chain, the observed site stoichiometry accounts only for 55% and 70% of the total protein. Failure to obtain higher phosphorylation levels was due to the presence of nonspecific protein contaminants in SRV or to the presence of inactive aggregates in the ATPase purified with deoxycholate. This was demonstrated by dissolving SRV and purified ATPase with lithium dodecyl sulfate, subjecting them to molecular sieve HPLC, and collecting the elution fractions for determination of protein, measurement of 32P-labeled sites, and electrophoretic analysis. In fact, in the specific elution peak containing the 115K ATPase chains, phosphorylation levels were 6.62 +/- 0.33 and 7.03 +/- 0.18 in SRV and purified ATPase, corresponding to 68% and 86% of the protein in the specific elution peak. An alternate purification method was then developed, based on solubilization of SRV with dodecyl octaethylene glycol monoether ( C12E8 ), separation of delipidated ATPase by anion-exchange chromatography, and enzyme reactivation with phosphatidylcholine. This preparation yields 7.3 +/- 0.44 nmol of phosphorylation site/mg of protein of the SRV fraction before HPLC.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6232948 TI - The rate-limiting step in the actomyosin adenosinetriphosphatase cycle. AB - We have previously shown that myosin does not have to detach from actin during each cycle of ATP hydrolysis. In the present study, using the A-1 isoenzyme of myosin subfragment 1, we have investigated the nature of the rate-limiting steps in the ATPase cycle. Our results show that, at 15 degrees C, at very low ionic strength, KATPase determined from the double-reciprocal plot of ATPase activity vs. actin concentration is more than 6-fold stronger than KBINDING determined by directly measuring the binding of A-1 myosin subfragment 1 to actin during steady state ATP hydrolysis. Computer modeling shows that this large difference between KATPase and KBINDING is not compatible with Pi release being the rate-limiting step in the ATPase cycle. If Pi release is not rate limiting, it is possible that the ATP hydrolysis step, itself, is rate limiting. However, this predicts that, at high actin concentration, the value of the initial Pi burst should be close to zero. Therefore, we measured the magnitude of the initial Pi burst in the presence of actin, using both direct measurement and measurement of relative fluorescence magnitude. Our results suggest that the magnitude of the initial Pi burst in the presence of actin is considerably higher than would be expected if the ATP hydrolysis step were the rate-limiting step in the ATPase cycle.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6232949 TI - Sequence specificity of heat-labile sites in DNA induced by mitomycin C. AB - The sequence specificity of the mitomycin C-DNA interaction was directly determined by using DNA sequencing techniques and by using 3'- or 5'-end-labeled DNA fragments of defined sequence as substrates. Mitomycin C reduced with sodium borohydride induced heat-labile sites in DNA preferentially at specific sequences. The heat-labile sites were induced most preferentially at the dinucleotide sequence G-T ( especially Pu G-T), which was determined by scanning autoradiograms with a microdensitometer after gel electrophoresis. DNA was cleaved at the 3' side of deoxyguanosines and of some deoxyadenosines by heat treatment. Oligonucleotides produced by heat treatment after reaction with reduced mitomycin C contained phosphoryl groups at the 5' termini. The 3' termini seemed not to have simple structures, judging from their electrophoretic mobilities. Oxygen radicals such as singlet oxygen and hydroxyl radical were possibly involved in the induction of heat-labile sites. PMID- 6232951 TI - Actin-actin and actin-deoxyribonuclease I contact sites in the actin sequence. AB - Actin subunits in F-actin were cross-linked with m-maleimidobenzoyl N hydroxysuccinimide ester (MBS). Peptide maps of the cross-linked actin dimer have revealed that the attachment sites of the MBS cross-link in actin are Cys-373 and a lysine residue in the CB-17 segment (Lys-191, Lys-213, or Lys-215). Since MBS spans approximately 8 A, the result indicates that Cys-373 in an actin subunit is within the distance of approximately 8 A from the lysine residue in the neighboring actin subunit. Therefore, it seems that Cys-373 and the lysine residue in the CB-17 segment are close to the regions of the actin-actin contact sites. The actin-DNase I complex was cross-linked with 1,5-difluoro-2,4 dinitrobenzene ( FFD ). Peptide maps of the actin-DNase I cross-linked complex have shown that the attachment site of the FFD cross-link in actin is in its CB 10 segment. The CB-10 segment of actin contains Lys-50, Lys-61, Lys-68, Tyr-53, and Tyr-69 as candidates for the attachment site. FFD can span only 3 A, and therefore it is most likely that one of these residues is in the region of the binding site of DNase I in actin. PMID- 6232952 TI - Cryoenzymic studies on myosin subfragment 1: perturbation of an enzyme reaction by temperature and solvent. AB - The effects of temperature and solvent on myosin subfragment 1 ATPase have been studied. Under all of the conditions used the data could be fitted to the Bagshaw - Trentham pathway: (formula; see text) Ethylene glycol (40%) was used as the cryosolvent ; this makes K1 and k+2 measurable and allows for temperature studies over an extensive temperature range (+35 to -20 degrees C) and thus to reasonably accurate thermodynamic parameters. The following techniques were used: ATP chase (for K1 and k+2); Pi burst (k+2 or k+3 + k-3); single-turnover Pi burst [k0 = k +4K3 /(1 + K3)] absorption stopped flow (k+2 or k+3 + k-3); steady state (k+6 or k0). Myosin provides examples of causes for nonlinear Arrhenius and van't Hoff plots. A temperature-induced structural change is exemplified by a "jump" in an Arrhenius plot of k+2 and "breaks" in van't Hoff plots of K1 and K3. A change in rate-limiting step is illustrated from stopped-flow experiments ( kobsd approximately k+2 at low and approximately k+3 + k-3 at high temperatures) and steady-state experiments (kcat approximately k+6 at low and approximately k0 at high temperatures). A third cause is illustrated by k0: an Arrhenius plot of k0 is nonlinear since there is a break in K3. These studies illustrate the use of temperature perturbation as a way of revealing reaction intermediates and of defining the conditions required for the isolation of a particular intermediate.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6232950 TI - Anticoagulantly active heparin-like molecules from vascular tissue. AB - Mucopolysaccharides were isolated from calf cerebral microvasculature and calf aorta. The only complex carbohydrates that exhibited anticoagulant activity were heparin-like components. The biologic potencies of calf cerebral and aortic heparin-like species were 2.92 units/mg of anti-factor Xa activity and 2.85 units/mg of anti-factor IIa activity, as well as 0.56 unit/mg of anti-factor Xa activity and 0.19 unit/mg of anti-factor IIa activity, respectively. Additional experiments revealed that the anticoagulantly active aortic components were significantly present only within the intima. The above populations of heparin like species were affinity fractionated with antithrombin. The highly active component obtained from calf cerebral microvasculature exhibited an anti-factor Xa activity of 40.7 units/mg as well as an anti-factor IIa activity of 36.8 units/mg, constituted about 4.2% of the initial mass of the starting material, and represented about 75% of the biologic potency of the starting material. The highly active component derived from calf aorta exhibited an anti-factor Xa activity of 55.4 units/mg as well as an anti-factor IIa activity of 11.3 units/mg, constituted about 0.3% of the initial mass of the starting material, and represented about 60% of the biologic potency of the starting material. The highly active cerebral microvascular species possessed a molecular weight and charge density similar to that of heparan sulfate whereas the highly active aortic species displayed a molecular weight and charge density equivalent to that of a hexadecasaccharide fragment of heparin. PMID- 6232953 TI - The effect of a high mobility group protein (HMG 17) on the structure of acetylated and control core HeLa cell chromatin. AB - The effect of binding a high mobility group protein (HMG 17) on the stability and conformation of acetylated and control HeLa high molecular weight core chromatin (stripped of H1 and non-histone chromosomal proteins) was studied by circular dichroism and thermal-denaturation measurements. Previously it had been shown that conformational differences exist between native whole chromatin derived from butyrate-treated (acetylated) and control HeLa cells and that these conformational differences disappear by removing H1 and non-histone chromosomal proteins ( Reczek , P.R., Weissman , D., Huvos , P.E. and Fasman, G.D. (1982) Biochemistry 21, 993-1002). The circular dichroism spectra and the thermal denaturation profiles of control and acetylated core chromatin were found to be similar. The circular dichroism properties of HMG 17 reconstituted highly acetylated and control core chromatin indicated the same alteration of chromatin structure at low ionic strength (1 mM sodium phosphate/0.25 mM EDTA, pH 7.0). The magnitudes of the decrease in ellipticity were proportional to the amount of HMG 17 bound and were found to be the same for both the acetylated and control core chromatin. Thermal denaturation profiles confirmed this change in structure induced by HMG 17 on control and highly acetylated core chromatin. The thermal denaturation profiles, which were resolved into three component transitions, exhibited a shifting of hyperchromicity from the lower melting transitions to the higher melting transitions, with a concomitant rise in Tm, on HMG 17 binding to both control and acetylated chromatin. The natures of the interactions of HMG 17 at higher ionic strength (50 mM NaCl/0.25 mM EDTA/1 mM sodium phosphate, pH 7.0) with acetylated and control core chromatin were slightly different, as measured by circular dichroism; however, a decrease in ellipticity was observed for both samples upon binding of HMG 17. These observations suggest that acetylation coupled with HMG 17 binding to core chromatin does not loosen chromatin structure. HMG 17 binding to control and acetylated core chromatin produces an overall stabilization and compaction of chromatin structure. PMID- 6232954 TI - Modifications of the molecular weight of membrane-bound nonspecific beta glucosidase in type 1 Gaucher disease determined in situ by the radiation inactivation method. AB - The radiation inactivation method has been used to compare the molecular weight of the nonspecific membrane-bound beta-glucosidase in situ in normal human spleen and in that of two patients with Gaucher disease type 1. We report, in type 1 Gaucher spleen, the presence of a high molecular weight component (557 000) in addition to the normal low molecular weight component (97 800). The various possible hypotheses explaining this high molecular weight component are discussed. PMID- 6232955 TI - [The role of ATPase subunits from E. coli in hydrogen-potassium exchange]. AB - A hypothesis was developed that in membranes of glycolysing bacteria functioned supercomplexes (F1 X F0-TrkA) and (F0-TrkA) which operated as H+-K+-pump exchanging 2H+ for one K+ and as H+-K+-antiport respectively. The mutants with defects in alpha, beta and gamma subunits of ATPase F1 manifested the alteration only in the work of (F1 X F0-TrkA). Defect in epsilon subunit of F1 broke the regulation of pump operation on the part of a cell turgor. In mutants with defects in F0 the changes in both supercomplexes were observed. The only mutation in unc- cluster producing the complete blocking of both systems operation was related to a defect in h3-subunit of F0 which was the dicyclohexylcarbodiimide sensitive and apparently "gate" component of F0. PMID- 6232956 TI - [The effect of respiration substrates on the ATPase activity of uncoupled mitochondria]. AB - Mg-dependent ATPase activity in aging uncoupled mitochondria is 30% reduced by 2 mM of succinate. The results show that redox state of mitochondria electron transport chain affects the activity and apparently modifies the structure of the enzyme performing ATP synthesis and hydrolysis. PMID- 6232957 TI - Modulation of uterine sensitivity to decidual induction in the rat by nicotinamide; challenge and extension of a model of progestational differentiation. AB - A recently constructed model describes pyridine nucleotide metabolism as a key target of progesterone action during early progestational differentiation of the uterus ( progestation ). The present study was designed to challenge this model. Using uterine sensitivity to decidual induction as a "whole animal" index of preimplantational differentiation, nicotinamide (NAM) was administered as a probe, to test the model's validity. Pseudopregnant rats received NAM in two injections (100 mg each, i.p.) during a 3-h interval at selected times between 1200 h on Day 2 and 1200 h on Day 4. Deciduomata were induced by intrauterine instillation of phosphate buffer between 1800 h on Day 3 and 1200 h on Day 5. Uterine sensitivity was measured indirectly as uterine weight, 5 days after induction. The effect of NAM was dependent upon the time of its administration. Maximal sensitivity (1200 h on Day 4) was not altered by injection of NAM at 1200 h on Day 2, but was inhibited by 60% following injection at 1200 h on Day 3. After this period, the inhibitory effect of NAM was diminished. When NAM was injected at 1200 h on Day 4, a slight, but significant, augmentation of sensitivity was measured. These responses were predicted by the model. A comparison of the effects of NAM with those of progesterone suggested a mechanism of action for the hormone during early progestation . PMID- 6232958 TI - Contraction of rabbit skinned skeletal muscle fibers at low levels of magnesium adenosine triphosphate. AB - The contractile properties of skinned single fibers from rabbit psoas muscle were investigated under conditions of low MgATP and no Ca2+ (i.e., less than 10(-8) M). At 1 microM MgATP, fibers shortened at a maximum velocity of 660 +/- 420 A/half sarcomere/s (n = 9), compared with 34,000 A/half sarcomere/s measured during maximum Ca2+-activation at 1 mM MgATP (Moss, R. L., 1982. J. Muscle Res. Cell. Motil ., 3:295-311). The observed dependence of Vmax on pMgATP between 7.0 and 5.3 was similar to that of actomyosin ATPase measured previously by Weber, A., R. Herz , and I. Reiss (1969, Biochemistry, 8:2266-2270). Isometric tension was found to vary with pMgATP in a manner much like that reported by Reuben , J. P., P. W. Brandt, M. Berman , and H. Grundfest (J. Gen. Physiol. 1971. 57:385 407). A simple cross-bridge model was developed to simulate contractile behaviour at both high and low levels of MgATP. It was found that the pMgATP dependence of Vmax and ATPase could be successfully modeled if the rate of detachment of the cross-bridge was made proportional to the concentration of MgATP. In the model, the similar dependence of Vmax and ATPase on pMgATP was derived from the fact that in this range of pMgATP every pass of a cross-bridge by an actin site resulted in an attachment-detachment cycle, and every such cycle caused hydrolysis of one molecule of ATP. PMID- 6232959 TI - Solvent perturbation evidence for a two-state system regulated by calcium in sarcoplasmic reticulum ATPase. AB - Perturbation of sarcoplasmic reticulum ATPase with the nonionic detergent C12E8 is modulated by the amount of free Ca2+ present in the solvent prior to the addition of detergent. CD measurements show that the enzyme exists in solution in two different conformations that react differently with the detergent. They probably represent the free enzyme, and its complex with Ca2+. On this assumption, titrations with increasing amounts of Ca2+ produced data superimposable on curves obtained measuring Ca2+ bound to sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles. PMID- 6232960 TI - Interference of Pseudomonas aeruginosa with immunospecific host defenses. AB - Pseudomonas aeruginosa, an important nosocomial pathogen, has numerous virulence factors that may interfere with unspecific host defense mechanisms (complement components, neutrophils, macrophages). Furthermore, Pseudomonas aeruginosa or substances derived from it can inhibit lymphocyte proliferative responses and alter immune responses, especially cell-mediated immune responses as evidenced by prolonged survival of skin homografts and suppression of DTH skin reaction in humans and laboratory animals. Acquired cellular resistance to Listeria monocytogenes is also suppressed by P. aeruginosa. Likely more than one mechanism is responsible for these depressed immune responses. Nevertheless, P. aeruginosa is able to interfere with macrophages and T-lymphocyte activities. The relevance of the immunosuppression with respect to host defenses against infections is discussed in the context of evidence in favor of cell-mediated immunity of P. aeruginosa. PMID- 6232961 TI - Inhibition by dicyclohexylcarbodiimide of ATP synthesis in isolated rat hepatocytes. AB - Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCCD) inhibits, by 50%, ATP synthesis in isolated hepatocytes. This inhibition is associated with DCCD-binding to a proteolipid fraction present in submitochondrial particles. PMID- 6232962 TI - [Possibility of correcting brain bioenergetics in neuroses using nicotinic acid derivatives]. AB - Experiments were made to study the effect of the animals' neurosis status on the synthesis of macroergs according to the oxidative phosphorylation data and macroerg utilization via the ATPase system. It was demonstrated that in the stage of metabolic deadaptation , neurosis leads to dramatic inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation and its dissociation, decreases the content of macroergs , discoordinates the ATPase system. The prophylactic administration of nicotinic acid derivatives stimulated oxidative phosphorylation, making return to normal the content of macroergs and the ATPase activity. According to some data, the action of chlorodiazepoxide aggravated adverse effects of neurosis. The possibility of correcting brain bioenergetics with nicotinic acid derivatives has been shown. PMID- 6232963 TI - [Neurochemical analysis of the mechanism of action of serotoninergic substances on avoidance behavior in situations of acute stress]. AB - The mechanism of action of 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HT, 10 mg/kg), quipazin (7 mg/kg), zimelidin (15 mg/kg) and m-chlorophenylpiperazine (5 mg/kg) was examined with the aid of some analyzer substances. The avoidance behavior under stress was used as criterion of estimation. The optimizing effect of 5-HT on the avoidance behavior was demonstrated to be a consequence of serotonin synthesis activation and its release with activation of postsynaptic 5-HT-1-receptors. An adverse effect of quipazin on the avoidance behavior was, to a greater degree, due to the activation of 5-HT-2-autoreceptors rather than of dopamine receptors. The inhibitory effect of m- chlorphenylpiperazine was reversed by administration of pyrenepyrone , a blocker of 5-HT-2-receptors. The inhibitory effect of zimelidine on the avoidance behavior was not removed by clonidin . The positive effect on the avoidance behavior under stress occurs as a result of exposures that activate the synthesis and release of 5-HT as well as of activation of postsynaptic 5-HT-1 receptors. PMID- 6232964 TI - [Effect of phenothiazines on Ca-ATPase in the sarcoplasmic reticulum of rabbit skeletal muscles]. AB - The phenothiazines trifluoroperazine , chlorpromazine and etmozine inhibit Ca ATPase of the sarcoplasmic reticulum of rabbit skeletal muscles. The inhibitory action decreases in the order of trifluoroperazine greater than chlorpromazine greater than etmozine . The data are provided, indicating that the inhibitory effects of the phenothiazines on Ca-ATPase of the reticulum of the skeletal muscles are not mediated via calmodulin. PMID- 6232965 TI - [G1 and G2 chalones of the gastric mucosa]. AB - A study was made of the action of human gastric mucosa G1 and G2 chalones on cellular regeneration of mouse gastric mucosa and of the duration of their maximal effect. Chalone fractions were obtained from the mucous membranes of 21 stomachs resected for peptic ulcer by the method of fractional ethanol precipitation. The data indicate that the maximal inhibitory action of G1 chalone occurs in 3, whereas that of chalone G2 in 6 hours. Some specificity of the action of chalones was discovered depending on the part of the gastric mucosa from which they were obtained. PMID- 6232966 TI - [Comparative study of the proliferative activity of human lymphocytes from different pairs of donors in a mixed culture in vitro]. AB - The proliferative response of human lymphocytes was studied in one-way and two way mixed lymphocyte cultures (MLC). The maximal proliferation was shown to be attained in a two-way MLC containing unequal quantities of the cells from two paired donors. It was also demonstrated in a one-way MLC that the cells of one of the two paired donors are more effective responders. The most powerful proliferation in the MLC of these donors was observed in the cultures containing the excess of more effective cells. Thymosine increased the response of human lymphocytes in the two-way MLC. In vitro cell preincubation reduced the response in the cultures with a high proliferative response in the control. It has been thus demonstrated that lymphocytes from paired donors possess different functional activity in the MLC. PMID- 6232967 TI - [Stereological analysis of the parenchymal and stromal structures of a hypertrophied myocardium in acute arterial hypertension]. AB - Arterial hypertension in 35 male Wistar rats was produced by disturbance of the left renal artery circulation. Myocardial tissue reorganization was studied by using the methods of light microscopy and stereological analysis. By the 35th day of the experiment marked alterations of the intramural vessels were found which were manifested in the thickening of the vessel walls due to hyperplasia and hypertrophy of the smooth muscles cells, and in the developing of sclerotic processes in all layers of the arterial walls. At the tissue level a decrease of the volume and surface densities of capillaries and connective tissue cells were determined, that resulted in a decline of the ratio between the volume and surface densities of the structures to the volume density of cardiomyocytes. Informational analysis revealed an increase of entropy and relative entropy of the myocardium tissue during its hypertrophy. PMID- 6232968 TI - [Adaptive changes in the myocardium of rats under periodic cooling]. AB - Study of 40 male rats which survived the periodic graded cooling within the temperatures ranging from 4 degrees to -20 degrees C has demonstrated that histologically the hypertrophy of the right ventricle is detectable at the first week, whereas upon separate heart weighing at the 4th week. Dispersion analysis has shown that this hypertrophy is adaptative in character, correlates with the cooling, and gets stabilized by the 5th week of experiment. PMID- 6232969 TI - [3-dimensional reorganization of parenchymal and stromal myocardial structures in spontaneous genetic hypertension]. PMID- 6232970 TI - Differential binding of plasminogen to crosslinked and noncrosslinked fibrins: its significance in hemostatic defect in factor XIII deficiency. AB - In spontaneous fibrinolysis of an alpha 2-plasmin inhibitor-deficient plasma clot or tissue-type plasminogen activator-induced fibrinolysis in a purified system without alpha 2-plasmin inhibitor, the lysis was faster when factor XIII-mediated crosslinking of fibrin to fibrin did not occur. During the initial period, the binding of plasminogen to fibrin steadily increased with incubation time. The initial level and subsequent increase of the binding, which may be critical for the subsequent development of fibrinolysis, were more remarkable when fibrin was not crosslinked. The amount of glu- or lys-plasminogen bound to noncrosslinked fibrin was around 4 or 1.5 times larger than the amount of the respective plasminogen bound to crosslinked fibrin. Plasmin was also found to be bound to noncrosslinked fibrin twice as much as the amount bound to crosslinked fibrin. Structural changes induced by crosslinking of fibrin alpha-chain may reduce either the affinity or the number of available complementary sites to lysine binding sites of plasmin(ogen), thereby decreasing the binding of plasmin(ogen) to fibrin. These results suggest that an increased affinity of noncrosslinked fibrin for plasmin(ogen) is contributory to the accelerated fibrinolysis observed in factor XIII deficiency, in addition to an absence of crosslinking of alpha 2 plasmin inhibitor to fibrin. PMID- 6232971 TI - Evaluation and management of habitual abortion. PMID- 6232972 TI - Severe mucocutaneous reaction to aminoglutethamide. PMID- 6232973 TI - Assessment of gastric cancer by laparoscopy. PMID- 6232974 TI - Endurance exercise does not modify nerve fibre morphology in the rat soleus nerve. AB - The effects of the myelination and growth of axons in the nerve to the soleus muscle (NSM) was investigated in young male Wistar rats. Experimental animals were run on a treadmill for 13 weeks (70 min/day, 6 days/week), while sedentary weight-matched animals of the same age and sex served as controls. The activity of the enzymes, phosphofructokinase (PFK) and succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) were measured in the soleus muscle to assess the effects of training on the anaerobic glycolytic and oxidative capacities. Axon and myelin sheath cross-sectional areas were measured from electron micrograph montages of the whole NSM with the aid of a digitizing tablet. The exercise programme produced large adaptive increases in the capacity of the soleus muscle for both oxidative and anaerobic glycolytic metabolism. The specific activity of PFK and SDH increased in the soleus muscle of exercised animals by 42.8% and 68.2%, respectively. In the NSM, however, there were no differences between control and exercised animals concerning the total number of myelinated nerve fibers, the size of axons and myelin sheaths of nerve fibres and the degree of myelination of axons (myelin area divided by axon area). Comparison with other studies suggests that the intensity of exercise may be the critical parameter responsible for discrepancies in the literature. Reports suggesting that exercise increases the size of nerve fibres should not be generalized to all exercise programmes. PMID- 6232975 TI - In vitro effect of n-hexane and its metabolites on selected enzymes in glycolysis, pentose phosphate pathway and citric acid cycle. AB - The effect of n-hexane, 2-hexanol, 5-hydroxy-2-hexanone, 2,5-hexanediol, methyl n butyl ketone ( MnBK ) and 2,5-hexanedione (2,5-HD) has been studied in vitro on crystalline glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), DL-glyceraldehyde-3 phosphate: NAD oxidoreductase (phosphorylating) EC. 1.2.1.12 and phosphofructokinase (PFK) ATP: D-fructose-6-phosphate-1-phosphotransferase; EC. 2.7.1.11 and lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) L-lactate: NAD+ oxidoreductase, EC. 1.1.1.27. MnBK and 2,5-HD both inhibited GAPDH and PFK activities selectively. n Hexane and 2-hexanol had no effect on GAPDH and PFK activities; 5-hydroxy-2 hexanone and 2,5-hexanediol exhibited a slight inhibitory effect on these enzymes. Neither metabolites of n-hexane have any effect on LDH activity. 2,5 Hexanedione did not inhibit transketolase (D-sedoheptulose-7-phosphate: D glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate glycolaldehyde transferase, EC. 2.2.1.1) and succinate dehydrogenase (succinate: 2,6-dichlorophenol-indophenol oxidoreductase, EC. 1.3.99.1) activities. The levels of ATP were reduced in 2,5-HD-treated cat sciatic nerves and returned to normal levels by exposing the nerve to sodium pyruvate. PMID- 6232976 TI - Child abuse in Nigeria. AB - Although child abuse occurs in Nigeria, it has received little attention. This is probably due to the emphasis placed on the more prevalent childhood problems of malnutrition and infection. Another possible reason is the general assumption that in every African society the extended family system always provides love, care and protection to all children. Yet there are traditional child rearing practices which adversely affect some children, such as purposeful neglect or abandonment of severely handicapped children, and twins or triplets in some rural areas. With the alteration of society by rapid socioeconomic and political changes, various forms of child abuse have been identified, particularly in the urban areas. These may be considered the outcome of abnormal interactions of the child, parents/ guardians and society. They include abandonment of normal infants by unmarried or very poor mothers in cities, increased child labour and exploitation of children from rural areas in urban elite families, and abuse of children in urban nuclear families by childminders . Preventive measures include provision of infrastructural facilities and employment opportunities in the rural areas in order to prevent drift of the young population to the cities. This would sustain the supportive role of the extended family system which is rapidly being eroded. There is need for more effective legal protection for the handicapped child, and greater awareness of the existence of child abuse in the community by health and social workers. PMID- 6232977 TI - [Serum appearance kinetics of human menopausal gonadotropin (HMG) after intramuscular administration in women]. AB - Intramuscularly administered HMG in women induces an increase of serum FSH after 2 hours. Maximal values are reached between the 6 th and the 24 th hour and remain statistically increased until the 48 th hour. An important individual variability is however observed. The modifications of serum LH are inconstant. PMID- 6232978 TI - [Focus on the radioimmunoassay of intrinsic factor in cats and rats]. AB - Cats and rats secrete very small quantities of gastric juice ( GJ ). In order to measure the Intrinsic Factor (IF) in GJ of animals certain modifications are necessary. It is very important to select with great care pernicious anemia sera which will be used to cross react with the animals' IF to determine their IF level by radioimmunoassay. The technic described here enables the dosage of low quantities of IF with a 7 per cent coefficient of variation. PMID- 6232979 TI - [Effect of magnesium deficiency and dietary overload in the male rat: magnesium levels in the various compartments of the reproductive system]. AB - Groups of rats were maintained in Mg2+ deficient, Mg2+ overloaded and control diets for two weeks. Mg2+ deficiency caused an acute hypomagnesemia without any effect on Mg2+ level of testis, epididymis spermatozoa, or seminal fluid while Mg2+ overloading implied hypermagnesemia and increase in testis and sperm Mg2+ level. PMID- 6232980 TI - [Appearance and metabolic development of diabetes mellitus in the sand rat, Psammomys obesus]. AB - The aim of this study was to examine the long-term effects of synthetic chow diet on the metabolic pattern of diabetic syndrome in a large group of sand rats. Few animals had a fulminating reaction with markedly decreased glucose tolerance, low plasma insulin levels and death within 3-4 weeks. But the most of sand rats developed obesity and elevated plasma insulin levels. From the third month, 40% of sand rats presented a diabetic syndrome with hyperinsulinemia, hyperglycemia, markedly decreased glucose tolerance and insulin resistance. Plasma lipids were increased; the lipid and glycogen accumulation in the liver was high. So this diabetic syndrome can be compared to maturity onset diabetes. If this synthetic chow diet lasted more than 6 months, the most of animals lost considerable weight with a strong lipid depletion of fat stores. Serum immunoreactive insulin levels fall and the blood glucose rose over 500 mg/100 ml with glycosuria and ketonuria . The elevated triglyceride content of plasma and the lipid deposits in the liver were exaggerated; glycogen had disappeared. Animals developed an overtly insulin- dependent diabetes, the latter phase of the disease. The sand rat appears to us as a potentially interesting model for investigation both maturity onset and ketotic-type diabetic syndrome. PMID- 6232981 TI - [Sensitivity of D-beta-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase to proteolytic enzymes; influence of phospholipids]. AB - Controlled proteolysis of D-beta-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase in different forms were carried out using several proteases with different and well known specificities. The results obtained were the following: Purified apoBDH (phospholipid-free) was rapidly and strongly inactivated by all proteases tested except leucine aminopeptidase , in contrast with non-membrane enzymes which were unaffected by all proteases. BDH activity was completely preserved when proteases were incubated with either native BDH (membrane linked) or reconstituted BDH with reactivating-phospholipids (lecithins of total mitochondrial phospholipids), while non-reactivating-phospholipids gave no protection against proteases. C terminal part of the enzyme was found to be essential for enzymatic activity while the N-terminal aminoacid is N-substituted. Controlled proteolysis whatever the protease used (except leucine aminopeptidase ) was followed by strong inactivation of the enzyme. PMID- 6232983 TI - [Inductive effects of N-(benzoyloxy-2-ethyl)norfenfluramine (benfluorex) on hepatic microsomal enzymes in rats]. AB - Male Wistar rate were treated with benfluorex, 50 mg/kg/p.p. daily for 7 days. The administration of benfluorex markedly increased the activity of ethoxycoumarin deethylase without increase of cytochrome P 450 levels in hepatic microsomes. The activity of bilirubin glucuronosyl transferase is so much increased with benfluorex than phenobarbital but this effects are not additive. Benfluorex alone affected the fatty acid composition of microsomal lecithins and when given with phenobarbital benfluorex modified the phenobarbital-induced changes in the fatty acid composition of microsomal lecithins. Electrophoresis of microsomal proteins showed non sensitive induction of any proteins with benfluorex. PMID- 6232982 TI - [In vitro destruction of cancerous cells by rat peritoneal macrophages in the presence of endotoxins]. AB - Rat resident peritoneal macrophages are able to kill DHD K12 TS cancer cells in the presence of endotoxin without previous activation. This effect is inhibited by polymyxin B or hydrocortisone. This effect is not observed when macrophages or cancer cells are preincubated with endotoxin. PMID- 6232984 TI - [The calcium dietary level modulates the development of genetic hypertension in rats]. AB - In young male rat (Okamoto strain) hypertension develops more rapidly with a low calcium diet (0,03 per cent) and more slowly with a high calcium diet (1,2 per cent). Moreover hypertensive levels are slightly but statistically lessened after 9 months of high calcium diet. It appears that dietary calcium modulates development of genetic hypertension in the Rat. PMID- 6232985 TI - [Study of the corrosion of metallic biomaterials by surface physical methods]. AB - The authors investigated the corrosion mechanism of metallic implants inserted into the human body in contact with bone. It was shown that a significant degree of corrosion occurred after several months. The dissolution seems to be non selective but can be different for each individual. The corrosion mechanism is complex, starting with an inter-granular process, but pitting also occurred . The oxidation of Fe2+ to Fe3+ favours the elimination of iron oxides and is followed by the destruction of the local alloy structure. An estimation of the quantity of each type of element released in the organism was also realized. PMID- 6232986 TI - [Relation between the axonal membrane microfluidity and excitability]. AB - The olfactory nerve of the garfish, the rabbit vagus nerve and the sciatic nerve of the frog labelled with pyrene or triethylammonium-butyl-pyrene show during the action potential a transient decrease in the Ie/Im ratio which suggest a small transient decrease in nerve membrane fluidity. PMID- 6232987 TI - [In vitro decondensation of the human spermatozoan nucleus and image analysis]. AB - Between the first stage: differentiation of the human spermatozoa from spermatid in testicle, and the second one: formation of male pronucleus in ovum, the nucleus of spermatozoa undergoes a chromatin condensation and a chromatin decondensation mechanism. Besides it is possible to get this decondensation mechanism in vitro by putting spermatozoa into specific solution with the purpose of carry out an image analysis. The aim of this study was to manage a quantitative analysis of the in vitro nuclear chromatin decondensation of human spermatozoa with an image analyzer of T.A.S. "texture analysis system". PMID- 6232988 TI - [Effect of pinacolyl methylphosphonofluoridate on the metabolic activity of cultured neuroblastoma cells]. AB - The effects of the highly neurotoxic organophosphate pinacolyl methylphosphonofluoridate (soman) on several cellular processes of a homogeneous neuronal cell system, Neuroblastoma cells (NS 20), has been investigated. The protein biosynthesis was measured by [14C] L-Leucine uptake and incorporation into total protein. The glycolytic energy metabolism was measured by [14C] deoxy D- Glucose [( 14C] DG) uptake and retention. The old method [14C] D-Glucose uptake was also performed. Exposure of cells in stationary growth phase for 24 h to 10(-6) M-soman, produced a statistically significant (P less than 0.001) decrease of the [14C] L-Leucine uptake and diminution of the incorporation of the amino acid into total protein. No changes were observed at lower concentrations. When energy metabolism was measured by uptake and retention of [14C] DG, the data indicate that both uptake and utilization of D-Glucose were unaffected by 10(-6) M-soman treatment. The results suggest that soman depress the rate of protein synthesis which may be responsible for neuronal degeneration. But no changes were observed on energy metabolism. PMID- 6232989 TI - [Production and characterization of human tumor degenerating factor (TDF)]. AB - The culture supernatant of human fibroblasts caused degenerative changes in the target cells. This tumor degenerating factor in the supernatant (TDF) appeared already on the 1st day of culture and increased gradually to the 8th day. TDF was effective on human KB, HeLa, FL and of hepatoma cells, but neither on murine L929, 3T3, SV-3T3 cells nor MDBK cells. Furthermore, TDF was not effective on human non-transformed cells, namely various human fibroblasts. Human leukocyte interferon (HuIFN-alpha) enhanced TDF production. The coculture of human fibroblasts with KB cells augmented TDF production. PMID- 6232990 TI - [Application of a laparoscope in the diagnosis and management of ovarian carcinoma]. PMID- 6232991 TI - Fentanyl/alfentanil for pelvic laparoscopy. AB - Alfentanil, a new narcotic analgesic, was compared to fentanyl in a technique of balanced anaesthesia using thiopentone 5 mg X kg-1 for induction of anaesthesia, and pancuronium 60 micrograms X kg-1 to facilitate intubation. The study group consisted of 80 female patients scheduled for pelvic laparoscopy. The total dose of alfentanil averaged 2.06 mg (range 1.5-2.5 mg) whereas the dose of fentanyl averaged 0.21 mg (range 0.1-0.25 mg). There was no significant difference between the two groups in duration of anaesthesia, time to extubation, verbal response time or time to orientation to person, place and time. Following intubation, there was a significant rise in heart rate and blood pressure (p less than 0.01) in both groups, but, again, there was no difference between groups. Postoperatively, the respiratory rate was not below 12 per minute for any patient in the study and was comparable for the two groups. The only significant side effect was postoperative nausea which occurred in over 40 per cent of patients and was not significantly different between the two groups. We conclude that alfentanil is a suitable narcotic drug for short surgical procedures on ambulatory patients, but the drug has no marked advantage over fentanyl for these procedures. PMID- 6232992 TI - The effect of antibiotics against bovine mycoplasmas and ureaplasmas. AB - A combination of lincomycin-spectinomycin-tylosin was tested against several strains of mycoplasmas and acholeplasmas as might be encountered in bovine semen and shown to be effective against them. This combination as well as minocin , rosaramicin, rosoxacin, tiamulin, gentamicin and declomycin were tested in vitro against 58 isolates of ureaplasma from the bovine urogenital tract. The lincomycin-spectinomycin-tylosin combination, minocin , rosaramicin, tiamulin and declomycin were quite active, while rosoxacin and gentamicin were much less active against the test strains. PMID- 6232993 TI - Cyclosporine in cardiac transplantation. AB - Since 1981 the authors have performed 14 orthotopic heart transplantations and one heart-lung transplantation, using cyclosporine and prednisone as immunosuppressants. Eight of the recipients had terminal congestive cardiomyopathy and six had ischemic cardiac dysfunction. The combined heart-lung transplantation was performed on a patient with a congenital ventricular septal defect with Eisenmenger's syndrome. Twelve of the patients were alive and well at follow-up 9 to 34 months (mean 17.4 months) after transplantation. One patient died of acute rejection and one of acute pancreatitis and secondary peritonitis. The third death, due to acute right ventricular failure, occurred immediately after transplantation. Rejection was diagnosed histologically on seven other occasions in four patients and was treated successfully. Infection was not a major problem. Cyclosporine -induced reversible nephrotoxicity was evident in 12 patients, 2 of whom required dialysis. Other side effects of cyclosporine seen in these patients included hypertension, gastrointestinal upset, headaches and hirsutism. This experience suggests that cyclosporine is a potent immunosuppressive agent that has greatly reduced the hazards of rejection and infection. However, the frequency of nephrotoxicity is high; careful monitoring of cyclosporine blood levels and renal function is essential. PMID- 6232994 TI - Characterization of multiple immune defects in human malignant lymphoma. AB - Sixty-three patients with Hodgkin's disease (HD) or non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) were studied to analyze the mechanisms responsible for impaired in vitro lymphocyte reactivities to the mitogen concanavalin A. Lymphocytes from 43 of the 52 untreated patients acquired enhanced in vitro responsiveness after preculturing in media alone for 3 days. However, 38 of the untreated patients failed to achieve entirely normal lymphocyte responses after preculturing . Suppressor cells were detected in 25 patients, but the intensity of suppression was much less than expected when compared with the severity of in vitro impairments. Suppressor activity did correlate with certain clinical characteristics in NHL, whereas no correlation was observed for HD. In contrast to the untreated patients, successfully treated patients demonstrated either normal responses or profound, irreversible impairments. The data indicate that several mechanisms which usually coexist can contribute to the impaired in vitro lymphocyte responses in untreated HD and NHL, and that a single, irreversible type of mechanism explains the impaired reactivities in successfully treated patients. PMID- 6232995 TI - Predictive value of excretory urography, ultrasonography, computerized tomography, and liver and bone scan in the staging of bilharzial bladder cancer in Saudi Arabia. AB - The role of ultrasonography, computed tomography (CT), and radioisotopic scanning in the staging of bilharzial bladder cancer has not been reported previously. Forty patients with invasive bladder cancer seen at the King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre between January 1978 and June 1981 underwent complete preoperative workup for staging of their tumors prior to radical cystectomy. The preoperative radiologic investigations included excretory urography (IVP), ultrasonography (US), CT of the pelvis, and liver and bone scans. The results of these investigations were compared with the operative and pathologic staging. Ninety-three percent of the patients with bilharzial cancer had evidence of ureteric obstruction on IVP compared with 22% of the nonbilharzial cancer patients. The presence of ureteric obstruction in these patients did not correlate with the stage of the disease with 83% of the patients with superficial tumors (T1 and T2) having hydroureteronephrosis. Ultrasonography and CT had an 83% accuracy in the staging of superficial tumors. Stage T3 tumors were understaged in 14% of the cases. Ultrasonography did not differentiate Stages T3 and T4 tumors while CT scan differentiated these two stages in 57% of the cases. Bone scan failed to reveal evidence of metastatic disease in any of the bilharzial cancer patients. Liver scan was suspicious for liver metastases in two patients with bilharzial cancers in whom open liver biopsy revealed only hepatic bilharziasis. Of all the radiographic studies, US or preferably CT scan seem to be of some value in the staging of bilharzial tumors localized to the bladder. Bone and liver scans are probably of no cost effective benefit. PMID- 6232996 TI - Skin rash following therapy with mitomycin C. AB - A 39-year-old man developed a widespread pruritic vesicular rash 1 week following the second course of treatment with mitomycin C plus doxorubicin for carcinoma of unknown origin. Skin rash is an uncommon complication of treatment with mitomycin C, and the frequency of its occurrence may be increased when the drug is given in combination with other cytotoxic agents. PMID- 6232997 TI - Epitheliotropic lymphoma of the small bowel. Report of a fatal case with cytotoxic/suppressor T-cell immunotype. AB - The authors report the clinical, pathologic, and immunologic features of a case of jejunal cytotoxic/suppressor T-cell lymphoma associated with intractable malabsorption. Histologically, the tumor exhibited striking involvement of small bowel surface and glandular epithelium, and of epithelium in sites of disease dissemination. This epitheliotropism consisted of both cell clusters resembling Pautrier 's microabscesses and single cells within epithelium. Grossly, the jejunal mucosal fold pattern was completely obliterated by lymphoma which formed miliary nodules and multiple distinct tumor masses. Despite aggressive chemotherapy the patient developed widespread disease, and died 11 months after presentation. At autopsy, in addition to disseminated lymphoma, there was a notable activation of hematopoiesis evidenced by extensive extramedullary hematopoiesis and bone marrow hypercellularity. Many lymph nodes spared by the lymphoma showed a polyclonal proliferation of plasma cells and immunoblasts. In view of recent immunologic evidence that normal cytotoxic/suppressor T-cells selectively home to the gut surface epithelium, striking tumor cell epitheliotropism may be a morphologic marker for visceral lymphomas of cytotoxic/suppressor T-cell origin. This unique case broadens the clinical and morphologic spectrum of T-cell disorders. PMID- 6232998 TI - Spinal computed tomography scanning in the evaluation of metastatic disease. AB - Twenty patients with known metastatic cancer or high-risk primary cancer developed new lesions on Tc 99m bone scans and had normal plain radiographs. Spinal computed tomography (CT) was performed on all new bone-scan-positive lesions in minimal examination time. Fifteen patients had extensive metastatic vertebral disease and received local radiotherapy. One patient with new metastatic vertebral disease on CT was treated only with chemotherapy and developed acute spinal cord compression. Four patients had discogenic disease or degenerative disease but no evidence of metastases. Radionuclide bone scans are more sensitive but less specific than plain radiographs in detecting early bone metastases. Early and accurate diagnosis of metastasis is particularly important in the axial spine to prevent epidural compression and fracture. Spinal CT is valuable for identifying the presence and extent of vertebral metastases, as well as the presence of benign disease in cancer patients. PMID- 6232999 TI - T-suppressor cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Phenotypic characterization by monoclonal antibodies. AB - A patient with long standing seropositive rheumatoid arthritis developed lymphocytosis which phenotypically involved the cytotoxic/suppressor T-lymphocyte population. There are 10 reported instances of this new disease entity described as "chronic T-cell lymphocytosis with neutropenia" or "chronic suppressor T-cell lymphocytic leukemia." The disease is characterized by hepatosplenomegaly, neutropenia, and the frequent presence of rheumatoid factor without clinical evidence of rheumatoid arthritis. Splenectomy in our patient, as well as in other instances where undertaken, has been ineffective in alleviating the neutropenia. The peripheral blood lymphocytes in our patient were OKT-3+, OKT-5+, OKT-8+, OKT 11+, cALL-, OKT-6-, TdT-. They possessed ADCC but no NK activity and did not suppress PWM-induced B-cell differentiation in spite of the presence of Fc receptor for IgG. Since the lymphocytosis of OKT-8+ cells appears to be clonal, it is suggested that the disease be designated chronic suppressor T-cell lymphocytic leukemia. PMID- 6233000 TI - Nursing management of patients receiving hepatic arterial chemotherapy through an implanted infusion pump. PMID- 6233002 TI - Inhibition by diphosphonates of bone resorption induced by the Walker tumor of the rat. AB - An animal model is described to test the effect of diphosphonates, which are powerful antiosteolytic agents, against bone tumors. This model consists of injecting Walker tumor cells into one iliac artery of a series of rats while the contralateral artery is clamped during the injection, and waiting 7 days to obtain a significant destruction of the femur and tibia of the rats. In most of the animals, after this delay, extensive lesions are observed macroscopically by X-ray and histologically. The parenteral administration of three diphosphonates, dichloromethylene diphosphonate, ethanehydroxydiphosphonate , and aminopropanediphosphonate , at 16 and 160 mumol/kg/day, protects the bones by decreasing the extent of osteolysis. This protective effect is seen both in the tumor-injected leg and in the contralateral leg and is significant when compared to nontreated animals. The most active of the drugs was dichloromethylene diphosphonate; ethanehydroxydiphosphonate and aminopropanediphosphonate were less active, especially when given at the higher dosage. All diphosphonates produce a marked decrease of the number of osteoclasts; ethanehydroxydiphosphonate at the higher dosage, induced a large increase of nonmineralized bone. These results are discussed in light of recent clinical work, showing that this animal model is a useful tool to test the effect of new drugs against osteolysis of cancer. PMID- 6233001 TI - Effect of nicotinamide analogues on recovery from DNA damage in C3H10T1/2 cells. AB - The effects of nicotinamide analogues on cellular recovery following N-methyl-N' nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) treatment have been characterized in the transformable cell line, C3H10T1/2. The recovery of cell division potential was measured under conditions which allow simultaneous quantification of intracellular levels of poly(adenosine diphosphate ribose), nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, and rates of RNA, DNA, and protein synthesis. 3- Methoxybenzamide (MBA), 3-aminobenzamide, and benzamide, which are effective inhibitors of adenosine diphosphate ribosyltransferases , blocked recovery of cell division following treatment with 34 microM MNNG, while the noninhibitors , 3- methoxybenzoate and benzoate, had no effect. In the presence of MBA, cells progressively lost the ability to resume cell division during the first 24 to 36 hr following DNA damage. The intracellular levels of poly(adenosine diphosphate ribose) increased approximately 7-fold within 20 min following MNNG treatment, and 1 mM MBA inhibited this increase by approximately 82%. In the presence of MBA, a dramatic decrease in the rate of DNA synthesis occurred approximately 16 hr after MNNG treatment, while RNA and protein synthesis continued at rates similar to those in cells treated with MNNG alone. PMID- 6233003 TI - Use of a human tumor cloning system to evaluate analogs of methotrexate and mitoxantrone. AB - We have utilized a human tumor cloning system to compare the antitumor activity of trimetrexate ( TMQ ), a new dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor, and ametantrone , a new anthracenedione, with that of analogs already in clinical trial (methotrexate and mitoxantrone). Sixty-nine of 136 tumors plated for the TMQ study and 84 of 228 tumors plated for the ametantrone study were evaluable for drug-sensitivity assays. The overall in vitro response rates (defined as a less than or equal to 50% survival of tumor colony-forming units) for TMQ were 20% and 23% at 0.1 and 1 microgram/ml, respectively; for ametantrone they were 13%, 21%, and 26% at 0.1, 1, and 10 micrograms/ml, respectively. The overall in vitro activity for both new compounds was similar to that of their clinically used analogs, but TMQ was active in eight of 47 methotrexate-resistant specimens and ametantrone in nine of 62 mitoxantrone-resistant specimens. A comparison of these in vitro results with the results of phase II clinical trials with both drugs should allow an evaluation of the utility of the human tumor cloning system for predicting clinical antitumor activity of analogs of currently available antineoplastic agents. PMID- 6233004 TI - Amplified pulmonary metastases of a rat rhabdomyosarcoma in response to nitrosourea treatment. AB - Repeated observations in our laboratory show that the chloroethylnitrosourea of cysteamine ( CNCC ) induces slowed tumor growth rate and decreased lymph node metastasis in rats bearing a rhabdomyosarcoma but concomitantly enhances metastatic dissemination in the lung. Tumors obtained by sc graft of tumor cells, in syngeneic rats, gave a reproducible pattern of metastases at nodal and pulmonary sites after a 60-80-day period. CNCC was administered orally at a dose of 50 mg/kg once a week for 5 weeks beginning at the time of tumor appearance. Forty-five of 46 CNCC -treated rats had lung metastases with 95 (+/- 9.7) nodules; in the control group 29 of 41 rats had lung metastases with 7 (+/- 1.5) nodules. This amplifying effect was found after treatment with two other nitrosoureas (chlorozotocin and hydroxyethylchloroethylnitrosourea ) but not with cyclophosphamide and methotrexate. Lung metastatic amplification was also observed after treatment of the 13762 mammary adenocarcinoma in Fischer rats and treatment of nickel-induced soft tissue tumor. Several hypotheses have been proposed. The dissociated effect of nitrosourea on local tumor, lymph nodes, and pulmonary metastases does not support the concept of systemic immunosuppression as the main mechanism of this phenomenon, but a decrease of local immunological defenses exerted by NK cells, for example, could be possible. Alternatively, a direct effect of the drug on lung tissue, especially lesions of endothelial tissue, could be responsible for the observed effect. Nitrosourea treatment of rats after surgical excision of the tumor, as adjuvant chemotherapy, was responsible for an amplification effect in association with local recurrences. From this fact we hypothesized that nitrosourea treatment could modify the equilibrium of cell subpopulations in the tumor by selecting highly metastatic drug-resistant variants. Although the mechanism of the amplifying effect of nitrosoureas has not been elucidated, our study shows a possible risk in the use of these drugs for inductive or adjuvant chemotherapy. PMID- 6233005 TI - The distal transcription signals of the herpesvirus tk gene share a common hexanucleotide control sequence. AB - The two distal transcription signals of the herpesvirus tk gene share a common hexanucleotide sequence and function in a mutually dependent manner. We examined their roles by introducing corresponding base mutations into each hexanucleotide. The effects of mutations in the hexanucleotide of the first distal signal match the pattern of effects of the corresponding mutations in the second distal signal. These concordant patterns suggest that the hexanucleotide repeats are functionally analogous. There is one difference between the two distal signals. Disruption of the second distal signal concomitantly inactivates the first distal signal; disruption of the first distal signal leads to only partial inactivation of the second distal signal. When the positions of the two distal signals are switched, the partial dependence of the second distal signal is alleviated. We suggest a model for positive transcriptional control analogous to activation of the cl maintenance promoter of bacteriophage lambda by repressor. PMID- 6233006 TI - Assembly and topogenesis of the spectrin-based membrane skeleton in erythroid development. PMID- 6233007 TI - The effect of induction of hemoglobin synthesis in cultured Friend cells on the number of initiation sites for replication and transcription. AB - It was found that differentiation of murine erythroleukemia cells can be induced by 5-fluorodeoxyuridine (FudR), amethopterin and alpha-aminoisobutyrate. Each of these compounds is believed to delay the onset of DNA synthesis. Since relief of the FudR block to DNA synthesis by addition of thymidine can increase the number of initiation sites for replication (Taylor, 1977), the effect of various inducers and inhibitors of differentiation of Friend cells upon the relative number of initiation sites for replication and transcription was investigated. Very efficient inducers of hemoglobin synthesis, hexamethylene bisacetamide (HMBA) and dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), increase the number of initiation sites for transcription and HMBA also increases the number of functional initiation sites for replication. Two other compounds that induce differentiation of Friend cells, low levels of actinomycin D and FudR, did not increase the number of initiation sites for transcription. Compounds that prevent induction of hemoglobin synthesis by HMBA and DMSO include 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) and novobiocin. Both of these compounds were found to decrease the number of functional initiation sites for transcription and it is known that both compounds reduce the number of initiation sites for replication. The relation between initiation of replication and transcription, and its effect upon differentiation of erythroleukemia cells is discussed. PMID- 6233008 TI - Differential effects of positive and negative proliferative stimuli on murine cytolytic and helper T-cell clones. AB - Studies were performed to determine whether substances could be identified which exhibited differential regulatory effects--either positive or negative--on the growth of murine alloreactive cytolytic (Tc) and helper (Th) cloned T-cell lines. The following lines of evidence suggested that Tc and Th proliferate in response to the same growth factor (GF). (1) When GF-containing fluids from cultures of phorbol myristic acetate (PMA)-activated EL4 thymoma were fractionated by a variety of biochemical techniques. Tc and Th eluted together. (2) Absorption of GF-containing supernatants with either cloned Tc or cloned Th depleted GF activity for each to a similar extent, and GF eluted from either Tc or Th to which it had adsorbed supported the proliferation of Tc and Th equally well. (3) Lectin-depleted supernatants from cultures of concanavalin A (Con A)-activated Th stimulated the proliferation of Th as well as Tc. (4) Recombinant human interleukin (IL-2) supported the growth of Tc and Th with equal efficiency. On the other hand, the following observations indicated that Tc and Th differed in their responses to inhibitors of GF-driven proliferation. (1) Con A at greater than or equal to 0.3 micrograms/ml inhibited the GF-driven proliferation of each of three Th lines but not either of two Tc lines. To the contrary, Con A enhanced GF-dependent proliferation of Tc. (2) Like Con A, allogeneic splenocytes selectively depressed GF-driven proliferation of Th but not Tc. (3) A substance generated during the acid elution of GF from cells, possibly a modified fetal calf serum component, greatly reduced the GF-driven proliferation of Tc but not Th. These results suggest that differential control of the proliferation of Tc and Th in cellular immune responses may be achieved via negative regulatory signals and raise the possibility that substances which can selectively depress the proliferation of specific T-cell subsets might be found which would be of therapeutic value. PMID- 6233009 TI - Activation of human peripheral blood B cells following immunization with hepatitis B surface antigen vaccine. AB - To further evaluate the human immune response to hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), we used an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to measure the in vitro production of antibody to HBsAg in normal individuals following booster immunization with the HBsAg vaccine. Following booster immunization, cells spontaneously secreting antibody to HBsAg were present in the peripheral blood. The specific antibody production was first detectable 4 days after booster immunization. The peak of specific antibody production was on Day 6, with resolution of the response by Day 9. The presence of these spontaneously secreting cells in the peripheral blood precedes the rise in serum antibody levels to HBsAg. The antibody secretion does not require the presence of accessory cells and is not enhanced by pokeweed mitogen, suggesting that these cells are quite advanced in the B-cell maturation sequence. The significance of these observations is discussed. Understanding the human immune response to HBsAg vaccine should provide insights into the immune regulatory abnormalities associated with disease states characterized by chronic hepatitis B antigenemia, including cryoglobulinemia, polyarteritis nodosa, and chronic hepatitis. PMID- 6233010 TI - An autoreactive T hybridoma expressing nonspecific helper activity. AB - Two functional T hybridomas were prepared by fusing BW5147 with ovalbumin (OVA) primed splenic T blast cells. One was OVA specific for helper function requiring concanavalin A supernatant (CAS) for activity while the other, termed autoreactive, was nonspecific for helper-augmenting activity. Both required H-2d presenter cells for interleukin 2 (IL-2) production. The autoreactive clone showed helper activity only in the presence of suboptimal numbers of antigen (Ag) primed T cells. Both T hybridomas were Lyt 1+2+ and Thy 1+. Cells produced from such fusions should provide a useful instrument not only in dissecting the T-cell regulatory mechanism, but also in isolating and characterizing self-recognition structures. PMID- 6233011 TI - Ferritin in normal human peripheral blood T-lymphocyte subpopulations. AB - Six peripheral blood lymphoid fractions (total lymphocytes, non-T, T, Tar (autologous rosette-forming T cells/precursor), T mu (helper), and T gamma (suppressor) lymphocytes) isolated through rosetting procedures were examined for the presence of ferritin by a direct immunofluorescence technique. Although ferritin was present in all lymphoid fractions studied, a significantly higher proportion of ferritin-containing cells were detected in the T-cell fraction than in the non-T-cell fraction, (mean +/- SD = 7.9 +/- 1.6% and 5.0 +/- 1.2%, respectively). T mu- and T gamma-cell fractions showed a twofold increase in the number of ferritin-positive cells (14.1 +/- 1.4% and 15.4 +/- 2.6%, respectively), as compared with Tar (7.0 +/- 0.9%)-and total lymphocyte (6.9 +/- 1.3%)-cell fractions. These results indicate that ferritin is preferentially distributed in T mu and T gamma lymphocytes and may constitute the basis for explaining some of the roles exercised by these cells in the control of other biological systems. PMID- 6233012 TI - Immunologic suppression after oral administration of antigen. III. Activation of suppressor-inducer cells in the Peyer's patches. AB - Mice were orally administered sheep erythrocytes (SRBC) in a regimen previously known to produce systemic tolerance to SRBC. Cellular interactions and movement from the gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) to the spleen were found to occur using both in vivo and in vitro transfer systems. The cell in the GALT which initiates the suppression circuit migrates from the GALT to the spleen shortly after contacting antigen. This cell is a T suppressor-inducer (Tsi) cell which interacts with splenic lymphocytes to induce the formation of an effector T suppressor cell (Ts). The Tsi and Ts can be separated from each other by their differential sensitivities to cyclophosphamide. In addition, the Tsi can be separated from other GALT T cells by its inability to bind the lectin, peanut agglutinin. Thus, cell migration and cellular interaction among T cells must occur to result in orally induced tolerance. PMID- 6233013 TI - In vitro induction and expression of interleukin 2 receptor in a clonal T helper cell differentiation model. AB - Induction and expression of interleukin 2 (IL 2) receptor have been studied using a poly( Glu60 Ala30 Tyr10 ) (GAT)-specific T cell clone of mouse origin. This clone (52-3) has been characterized and it exhibits functional properties of T helper (TH) cells: it leads to a specific anti-DNP response in the presence of DNP-GAT and DNP-primed B cells and it secretes biological activities which can induce polyclonal B cell proliferation and IgM secretion. In vitro this clone mimics the activation stages of normal T lymphocytes and can be obtained under two states of differentiation. depending on the antigen-specific signal provided by antigen-presenting cells (APC). The expression of IL 2 receptor by this clone has been studied by (i) its response to IL 2, (ii) its capacity to absorb IL 2 bioactivity, and (iii) its reactivity with monoclonal antibody 7D4 specific for mouse IL 2 receptor. All the results indicate that the unstimulated state does not express the IL 2 receptor while the activated state does. Clone 52-3 has been compared with clone 14-1.6 that derives from a TH cell line and expresses the IL 2 receptor constitutively. 52-3 offers a good experimental model for studying in vitro, in a clonal TH cell population, the detailed mechanism of IL 2 receptor induction. PMID- 6233014 TI - Current assessment; dental risks and guidelines in the AIDS epidemic. PMID- 6233015 TI - Tight association of DNA polymerase alpha with granular structures in the nuclear matrix of chick embryo cell: immunocytochemical detection with monoclonal antibody against DNA polymerase alpha. AB - Immunofluorescent methods using a monoclonal antibody against chick DNA polymerase alpha and a rabbit antibody against chick DNA polymerase beta demonstrated that both DNA polymerases alpha and beta are present mainly in nuclei of cultured chick embryo cells. Fluorescence produced by anti-DNA polymerase alpha was more intense in the small granules than in other parts of the nucleus but, fluorescence produced by anti-DNA polymerase beta was distributed evenly in the nucleus. Cells first were treated with Nonidet P-40, followed by treatment with 50 micrograms/ml pancreatic DNase and 2 M NaCl in order to prepare the nuclear matrix. Fluorescence produced by anti-DNA polymerase alpha was still detectable in the granules after these treatments, but most of the fluorescence produced by anti-DNA polymerase beta disappeared. Our results indicate that a part of DNA polymerase alpha is tightly bound to a special structure present in the nuclear matrix which presumably is the DNA replication machinery. PMID- 6233016 TI - The time-dependent behaviour of hematoporphyrin-derivative in saline: a study of spectral modifications. AB - Hematoporphyrin-Derivative (HpD), a widely-used tumor-specific photosensitizer, is a complex mixture of porphyrins whose composition has yet to be clarified. This paper reports on the behaviour of HpD in saline. From a spectroscopic point of view, the fresh solution is characterized by two main absorption peaks, attributable to monomeric and dimeric forms. With aging, a new porphyrin species (NPS) appears. To define the NPS, absorption, excitation and emission spectra were measured in different conditions and time-resolved fluorescence measurements were also performed. This species exhibits an absorption/excitation peak at 405 nm, an emission peak at 575 nm and a fluorescence decay time of approximately 3.5 ns. Its formation is strongly influenced by many environmental factors: in particular, gases diluted in the solution, temperature, pH and concentration. The presence of Oxygen and a pH value outside the 6-8 range may be considered inhibiting factors. The NPS seems to be quite important in the understanding of HpD tumor-specificity, since the presence of an emission band similar to the NPS one seems to be favoured in tumor cells as compared with normal cells. PMID- 6233017 TI - Characterization of DNA lesions produced by HgCl2 in cell culture systems. AB - HgCl2 is extremely cytotoxic to Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells in culture since a 1-h exposure to a 75- microM concentration of this compound reduced cell plating efficiency to 0 and cell growth was completely inhibited at 7.5 microM . The level of HgCl2 toxicity depended upon the culture incubation medium and has previously been shown to be inversely proportional to the extracellular concentration of metal chelating amino acids such as cysteine. Thus, HgCl2 toxicity in a minimal salts/glucose maintenance medium was about 10-fold greater than the toxicity in McCoy's culture medium. The HgCl2 toxicity in the latter medium was 3-fold greater than that in alpha-MEM which contains more of the metal chelating amino acids. When cells were exposed to HgCl2 there was a rapid and pronounced induction of single strand breaks in the DNA at time intervals and concentrations that paralleled the cellular toxicity. The DNA damage was shown to be true single strand breaks and not alkaline sensitive sites or double strand breaks by a variety of techniques. Consistent with the toxicity of HgCl2, the DNA damage under an equivalent exposure situation was more pronounced in the salts/glucose than in the McCoy's medium and more striking in the latter medium than in alpha-MEM. Most of the single strand breaks occurred within 1 h of exposure to the metal. We believe that the DNA damage caused by HgCl2 leads to cell death because the DNA single strand breaks are not readily repaired. DNA repair activity measured by CsCl density gradient techniques was elevated above the untreated levels at HgCl2 concentrations that produced little measurable binding of the metal to DNA or few single strand breaks assessed by the alkaline elution procedure. DNA repair activity decreased at HgCl2 concentrations that produced measurable DNA binding and single strand breaks. These irreversible interactions of HgCl2 with DNA may be responsible for its cytotoxic action in cells. PMID- 6233018 TI - [Identification of hemorrhagic fever-renal syndrome virus isolated from different areas in China by immuno-enzyme electron microscopy--morphological study on various virulent strains]. PMID- 6233019 TI - [Studies on the role of serum beta-lipoprotein in the pathogenesis of atheroma. II. Incorporation of 131I-labelled rabbit serum beta-lipoprotein into aorta]. PMID- 6233020 TI - [Single aorto-coronary saphenous vein bypass grafting surgery]. PMID- 6233021 TI - [An analysis of 52 autopsy cases of deep mycoses]. PMID- 6233022 TI - [Studies on immune response of attenuated Japanese encephalitis vaccine virus strain]. PMID- 6233023 TI - [A case of homocystinuria]. PMID- 6233025 TI - [Studies on coagulation and fibrinolysis. IV. Observation on coagulability and fibrinolytic activity in diabetics]. PMID- 6233024 TI - [Studies on the anti-shock mechanism of anisodamine. II. Dynamic change in blood histamine during endotoxic shock and effect of anisodamine on hypotensive effect of histamine]. PMID- 6233026 TI - [Transport of 125I-angiotensin II through blood brain barrier following intraventricular injection in rats]. PMID- 6233028 TI - [Comparative infectivity of Japanese encephalitis vaccine strain (2-8) and its parent strain (SA14) viruses in Culex tritaeniorhynchus mosquitoes]. PMID- 6233027 TI - [Transfer factor therapy of viral hepatitis--report of 22 cases]. PMID- 6233029 TI - [Preliminary observation on the results of treating brain glioma with the "anti tumor powder"]. PMID- 6233030 TI - [Preliminary study on the digestive function of tumor patients with "Pi xu"]. PMID- 6233031 TI - [Clinical analysis of treating esophageal neoplasm with combined traditional Chinese and western medicine]. PMID- 6233032 TI - [Treatment of acute granulocytic leukemia with "Ai ling No. 1"--clinical analysis and experimental research]. PMID- 6233033 TI - [The relationship between classification of bronchogenic carcinoma according to the theory of traditional Chinese medicine and clinical pathology]. PMID- 6233034 TI - [The relationship between post-treatment survival of 3 types of "deficiency symptom complex" in patients with lung cancer and plasma cyclic nucleotide level]. PMID- 6233035 TI - [Treatment of skin cancer with "Wu yan dan"]. PMID- 6233036 TI - [Analysis of constitutional changes of the tongue in 213 cases of carcinoma]. PMID- 6233037 TI - [Clinical electrophysiological studies of higenamine in sick sinus syndrome]. PMID- 6233038 TI - [Observation on long-term effect of treating chronic bronchitis with "Fu zheng gu ben pill"--analysis of 140 cases]. PMID- 6233039 TI - [Preliminary study on the relationship between spleen and gastric acid secretory function--analysis of 341 cases]. PMID- 6233040 TI - [Experience in the treatment of spinal tuberculosis with combined traditional Chinese and western medicine--clinical analysis of 131 cases]. PMID- 6233041 TI - [Antineoplastic effect of Euphorbia fischeriana Steud on mice with implanted tumor]. PMID- 6233042 TI - [The cardiovascular effect and toxicity of Fuzi extract and its crude fractions]. PMID- 6233043 TI - [Exploration of traditional Chinese medicine-western medicine research in acute cerebrovascular diseases]. PMID- 6233044 TI - Effects of the antiandrogen, cyproterone acetate, on the induction of papillomas, DNA synthesis and ornithine decarboxylase activity in mouse skin. AB - The antiandrogen, cyproterone acetate (CPA), applied simultaneously with 12-O tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) to the dorsal skin of male and female SENCAR mice initiated with 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene inhibited the production of papillomas of the skin. Although 125 and 250 micrograms of CPA had no effect on the incidence of papillomas per mouse, 500 micrograms of CPA inhibited papilloma production by 95% and 91% in female mice after 20 and 37 weeks of promotion, respectively. Testosterone propionate only partially blocked the inhibitory effect of CPA. In male mice 500 micrograms and 1 mg of CPA inhibited papilloma production by 77% and 88%, respectively. In the two-stage promotion protocol 500 micrograms of CPA was ineffective as an inhibitor when it was applied with TPA during the 1st stage but inhibited papilloma production by 71% when it was applied with mezerein during the 2nd stage. CPA was also observed to inhibit TPA-stimulated epidermal DNA synthesis and inflammation but had no effect on TPA-induced epidermal ornithine decarboxylase activity. PMID- 6233045 TI - Xeroderma pigmentosum: in vitro complementation of DNA repair endonuclease. AB - The DNA repair endonuclease activity has been studied in several xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) cell lines of complementation groups A and C. phi X174 RFI DNA treated with u.v.-light or OsO4 was used as a substrate. All XP cells tested appeared to lack this enzyme compared to control cells. However, when extracts from complementation groups A and C were mixed, activity levels close to that of the control cells were found, clearly indicating that the two cell lines can complement each other with regard to the DNA repair endonuclease activity. The XP cells were found to contain normal levels of AP-endonuclease. PMID- 6233046 TI - An atrial peptide is a potent renal vasodilator substance. AB - Renal intra-arterial administration of rat atrial extracts elicits a concentration dependent renal vasodilation (independent of prostaglandin or dopamine release) in anesthetized rats. The atrial extracts do not alter skeletal musculature (hindlimb) vascular resistance or systemic arterial blood pressure. The high molecular weight peptide fraction of atrial extracts obtained by gel filtration, reduces renal resistance intra-arterially only after proteolytic activation (in vitro) or following intravenous (i.e., systemic in vivo activation) administration. The low molecular weight peptide fraction of the atrial extract which is active intra-arterially as a renal vasodilator has been further purified to yield two major peptides. The 21 amino acid peptide, designated atriopeptin I, was previously demonstrated to be natriuretic and to relax intestinal but not vascular smooth muscle strips. This peptide exerted little or no intra-arterial effect on renal resistance. The 23 amino acid peptide (the phenylalanine-arginine C terminal extension of atriopeptin I), designated atriopeptin II, was natriuretic and spasmolytic (in vitro) on both intestinal and vascular strips and was a potent renal vasodilator in vivo. Thus, the renal vasodilator activity present in cardiac atrial extracts appears to derive from a proteolytic process which selectively generates the 23 amino acid peptide, atriopeptin II. Further cleavage with the loss of phenylalanine-arginine C terminal, as occurs with atriopeptin I, markedly suppresses the renal vasodilation. PMID- 6233047 TI - Left ventricular performance, regional blood flow, wall motion, and lactate metabolism during transluminal angioplasty. AB - The response of left ventricular function, coronary blood flow, and myocardial lactate metabolism during percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) was studied in a series of patients undergoing the procedure. From four to six balloon inflation procedures per patient were performed with an average duration per occlusion of 51 +/- 12 sec (mean +/- SD) and a total occlusion time of 252 +/ 140 sec. Analysis of left ventricular hemodynamics in 19 patients showed that the relaxation parameters, peak negative rate of change in pressure, and early time constants of relaxation, responded earliest to short-term coronary occlusion (peak effect at 17 +/- 7 sec) while other parameters, such as peak pressure, left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, and peak positive rate of change in pressure, responded more gradually, suggesting a progressive depression of myocardial mechanics throughout the procedure. Left ventricular angiograms, available for 14 patients, indicated an early onset of asynchronous relaxation concurrent with the early response in peak negative dP/dt and the time constant of early relaxation. All hemodynamic functions fully recovered within minutes after the end of PTCA. Mean blood flow in the great cardiac vein and proximal coronary sinus and the hyperemic response were measured in 20 patients. Before PTCA mean flow in the great cardiac vein was 69 +/- 17 ml/min and in the coronary sinus it was 129 +/- 34 ml/min. Reactive hyperemia (great cardiac vein) was 55% after the first PTCA and 91% after the third. A more pronounced reaction was observed when the residual functional coronary stenosis was reduced in subsequent dilatations. Arteriovenous lactate difference appeared constant during the first two occlusions (control +0.11 mmol/liter, first PTCA -0.87 mmol/liter, and second PTCA -0.82 mmol/liter) and did not increase during subsequent occlusions. Within minutes after the procedure lactate balance was again positive, demonstrating the reversibility of the metabolic disturbances after repeated ischemia. The results of this study indicate that there is no permanent dysfunction of global or regional myocardial mechanics, myocardial blood flow, or lactate metabolism after PTCA with four to six coronary occlusions of 40 to 60 sec. PMID- 6233048 TI - Red cell membrane Ca-ATPase in cystic fibrosis: increased activation by Na. AB - In the present study, we compared the kinetics of activation by Na, of red cell membrane Ca-ATPase of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients and healthy volunteers (controls). Calmodulin (membrane-free hemolysate) was included in the assay medium to promote maximal Ca-ATPase activation. There were no significant differences between the red cell Ca-ATpase activities of the two groups, assayed either in the absence or in the presence of optimal concentrations of Na. There were also no significant differences between the apparent dissociation constants or Hill coefficients for activation of red cell Ca-ATPase by Na. On the other hand, the percent activation by Na of red cell Ca-ATPase activity of the CF patients was approximately 40% greater than that of the controls. The additional increment of Ca-ATPase activity due to the elevated percent activation was about 14% of the total red cell Ca-ATPase activity of the CF patients. Although this increment of Ca-ATPase activity is relatively small, the increased percent activation by Na does suggest an alteration in the enzyme's response to Na. At present we do not know whether or not this alteration applies to Ca-transport or if it is of any pathophysiological importance. PMID- 6233049 TI - Androgen levels during cyproterone acetate and ethinyl oestradiol treatment of hirsutism. AB - Androgen levels were measured before and during 12 months of treatment with cyproterone acetate (50 mg 5th to 16th day of cycle) and ethinyl oestradiol (50 micrograms 5th to 26th day of cycle) in 26 patients suffering from dysfunctional hirsutism. Patients were included in whom androgen levels after a dexamethasone suppression test fell above the range found in normal non-hirsute women on dexamethasone. Eighty percent of patients showed a substantial improvement of their Ferriman and Gallwey score after 12 months of treatment. During the treatment the mean level of testosterone was 64%, androstenedione 55%, testosterone oestradiol binding globulin 365%, apparent free testosterone 30%, dihydrotestosterone 74%, 5-androstanediol 43%, dehydroepiandrosterone 44%, 5 androstenediol 67% and dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate 74% of basal levels. From the results it is concluded that this treatment is effective both clinically and biochemically in reducing hyperandrogenism. PMID- 6233050 TI - Spontaneous hypertension in the neonatal rat. A review. AB - 'Prehypertensive stage' was originally used to designate the initial developmental stage of hypertension in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). The period covered the first 6-7 weeks of age, before the systolic pressure exceeded 150 mm Hg and many investigations have used this stage as a control period with which to compare later hypertensive changes. Significant hypertensive changes occur early in this period however, and numerous studies have revealed the extent to which cardiovascular alterations have already occurred by the weanling stage. This review summarizes much of the recent literature relating to the onset of the pressure rise, arterial and ventricular hypertrophy and increased sympathetic vasomotor effects in the early postnatal stage in SHR. PMID- 6233051 TI - Computer-aided tinnitus characterization. AB - A purpose-built tinnitus synthesizer interfaced to a computer has been designed which can be used to characterize most types of subjective tinnitus. A patient is able to match his own tinnitus by making responses to simple questions using push buttons on a hand-held box. The system can be used to determine the characteristics of tinnitus consisting of tones, random noise or combinations of these sounds; any sound can also be pulsed synchronously with a patient's pulse beat in order to match pulsatile tinnitus. It is then possible to use the frequency and loudness characteristics of tinnitus in order to determine the suitability of masking therapy for a patient. PMID- 6233052 TI - T and B lymphocyte function in patients with lupus nephritis: correlation with renal pathology. AB - The relationship between in vitro measures of T and B cell responses of peripheral blood lymphocytes and histological findings on renal biopsy was examined in 32 patients with lupus nephritis. T cell mediated responses, assessed by mixed leucocyte reaction (MLR) and cell mediated lympholysis (CML), were decreased, while spontaneous immunoglobulin secretion by B cells, measured by plaque forming cell (PFC) assay, was increased above normal in the whole patient population. There were no significant differences in these T or B cell responses between patients with the diffuse proliferative and the membranous forms of lupus nephritis. Using a semi-quantitative index of the histologic activity of diffuse proliferative lupus nephritis, a good correlation was noted between the degree of abnormality of B cell responses and the level of activity seen on renal biopsy. The nature of the relationship between B cell abnormalities and the expression of lupus nephritis warrants further study. PMID- 6233053 TI - Clinical use of immunoglobulins. AB - The use of immunoglobulins for prophylaxis and therapy are reviewed. Normal and hyperimmune immunoglobulins have well established clinical applications. These are summarized in Table 14. This form of therapy has now entered a period of rapid change due to the availability of human immunoglobulins which are safe for intravenous use, permitting large doses to be given rapidly. This will permit reappraisal of many conventional applications and exploration of new possibilities for the use of these products. The approaching wide availability of monoclonal antibodies for clinical use will open up a further wide range of new therapeutic applications, providing that concerns over the products' safety are allayed . PMID- 6233054 TI - Stimulation of fracture healing with electromagnetic fields of extremely low frequency (EMF of ELF). AB - This randomized, controlled study was performed to evaluate how electromagnetic fields affect the accumulation of 99mTechnetium - methylendiphosphonate (Tc-MDP) in fresh fractures. Thirty women with Colles' fractures, aged 50-70 years, participated in this study--some in a control group and some in a treated group. After reduction, all patients were immobilized for four weeks. After randomization, 15 patients were treated by electromagnetic fields of extremely low frequency (EMF of ELF ), which were generated by a coil and a battery-powered portable current generator during the time of immobilization. The frequency of the alternating magnetic field was 1-1000 Hz; the magnitude was 4 gauss [RMS (root-mean-square) value]. The scintigrams were performed one, two, four, and eight weeks after the injury. The activity ratio in the fracture area was significantly higher at the examination of one and two weeks (p less than 0.05, p less than 0.01) in the treated group than it was in the control group. The clinical relevance of the results is not known, but one interpretation of the data is that the stimulation with EMF of ELF improves (accelerates) the early phase of fracture healing. The data warrant further investigation of fresh fracture treatment with this method. PMID- 6233056 TI - Particle imaging. Acquired arteriovenous malformations complicating a Glenn anastomosis. PMID- 6233055 TI - Semiquantitative gallium scintigraphy in patients with osteogenic sarcoma. AB - Sequential gallium scans were performed in 37 patients with newly diagnosed osteogenic sarcoma. High gallium uptake was found more often in males in the 10 to 19 age group and in femoral lesions. High uptake was also seen in patients who had predominantly osteoblastic or mixed changes on radiographs and in those who had a soft tissue mass. Following chemotherapy, significant decrease of tumor to nontumor ratio occurred in the patients who responded to treatment as shown by a Grade III or IV response on histologic examinations at the time of en bloc resection. It is concluded that semiquantitative gallium scintigraphy is useful in monitoring therapeutic response in patients with osteogenic sarcoma. PMID- 6233057 TI - Observations on the radionuclide assessment of peritoneovenous shunt patency. PMID- 6233058 TI - Bronchopleural fistula demonstrated by pulmonary scintigraphy. A "pseudo" ventilation-perfusion mismatch. PMID- 6233059 TI - Hyperalimented lung diagnosed by perfusion scan. AB - Injection of radiopharmaceutical through a catheter may be useful in localizing its placement. A case is described in which a central venous line had punctured to superior vena cava, delivering hyperalimentation solution into the right pleural space. PMID- 6233060 TI - Building a breast without a prosthesis. The transverse abdominal island flap. AB - Use of the transverse abdominal island flap for breast reconstruction enables the plastic surgeon to redistribute the body's excess fat and skin into more fashionable and aesthetic proportions. The operation remains a complex and detailed procedure. Patient selection, suitability, and preparation for the operation are critical to its success. PMID- 6233061 TI - The operative technique of the transverse abdominal island flap for breast reconstruction. AB - Meticulous attention to operative details is essential to the success of the transverse abdominal island flap in each phase of the procedure: raising the flap, transfer to the anterior chest wall, molding the flap, and repair of the donor site. This will culminate in a rewarding procedure for reconstruction of the breast by autogenous tissue. PMID- 6233062 TI - Microvascular free flap breast reconstruction. AB - As in other areas of reconstruction, microvascular free flaps have earned a definite role in certain breast reconstructions difficult to accomplish with conventional techniques. With improvements in techniques and survival rates, the advantages of such reconstructions have become increasingly more attractive to the patient and the surgeon. PMID- 6233063 TI - Complications of breast reconstruction. AB - The authors discuss general complications of breast reconstruction, complications associated with reconstruction with subcutaneous or submuscular prostheses, complications of latissimus dorsi musculocutaneous flaps, and complications of transverse abdominal island flaps. Although no surgeon can expect to perform a series of complex yet delicate operations such as breast reconstructions and escape the complications described, it is hoped that by utilizing sound judgment in patient and procedure selection and having detailed knowledge of the procedure to be performed, such complications can be kept to a minimum and managed to a satisfactory resolution if and when they do occur. PMID- 6233064 TI - Quantitative reticuloendothelial function of liver and spleen in man. AB - A method for separate determinations of liver and spleen reticuloendothelial function, using a small-size 99Tcm -antimony sulphide colloid and gamma camera technique, is described. Several methods for achieving blood-background correction are examined, and it is shown that, by a three-compartment model, the use of a specific blood pool tracer can be dispensed with. Hepatic and splenic uptake of the colloid can be described by first order kinetics, and can be calculated to an error less than 5%. In a reference material (n = 13), hepatic and splenic clearance was 262 ml/min (100-412) and 22 ml/min (0-62), respectively. In cirrhosis (n = 7), hepatic clearance was decreased and splenic clearance increased. The results indicate that this method, which is well suited for clinical studies and which is based on a reasonable physiologic model, in cirrhosis of the liver demonstrates a decreased hepatic reticuloendothelial function with (compensatory?) increase in that of the spleen. PMID- 6233065 TI - Effect of immobilization of short duration on the muscle fibre size. AB - In 10 patients with unilateral knee joint lesions, the injured leg was immobilized for 72 h by a plaster cast reaching from the hip to the ankle. At removal of the casts, open muscle biopsies were taken from the vastus medialis muscle on both sides. The muscle specimens were stained for myofibrillar ATPase activity and muscle fibre areas were measured on transverse sections. The differences in fibre size between the two sides were registered and statistically evaluated. The reduction in fibre size on the immobilized side was 14.4% for the type 1 fibres and 17.3% for the type 2 fibres, respectively. However, these differences were not significant because of considerable variations from case to case, with an increase in fibre size on the immobilized side in three cases. It is concluded that short time post-traumatic immobilization may have variable effects on the muscle fibre size and that one single biopsy might be insufficient to disclose early disuse atrophy whereas the method may be useful in cases of longer duration. PMID- 6233066 TI - [Stress and cancer]. PMID- 6233067 TI - [Pharmacology of probucol. II]. PMID- 6233068 TI - [Effect of alpha-methyldopa in single and divided doses on the circadian rhythm of arterial pressure in hypertensive patients]. PMID- 6233069 TI - [Effects of Tettuccio water from the Montecatini spa on chronic constipation: clinical evaluation and study of intestinal motor activity]. PMID- 6233070 TI - [Double-blind clinical study on hymecromone and placebo in motor disorders of the bile ducts after cholecystectomy]. PMID- 6233071 TI - [Polyunsaturated phosphatidylcholine in the treatment of chronic hepatopathies in bronchopneumopathic patients]. PMID- 6233072 TI - [A case of generalized tetanus in old age in a hypertensive diabetic and obese woman: description and treatment]. PMID- 6233074 TI - [The Spacelab and biomedicine in space: initial results and prospects]. PMID- 6233073 TI - [Therapeutic problems of hypertension in pregnancy]. PMID- 6233075 TI - [Filariasis: clinico-therapeutic considerations on 24 cases]. PMID- 6233077 TI - [Drug surveillance. Monitoring the collateral effects of drugs in the post marketing phase: cimetidine. I]. PMID- 6233076 TI - [Controlled clinical study on 2 antialdosterone diuretics in the nephrotic syndrome]. PMID- 6233078 TI - [Therapeutic activity of epirubicin in malignant melanoma and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma]. PMID- 6233079 TI - [Various aspects and problems of silent ischemic cardiomyopathy]. PMID- 6233080 TI - [Pure brief reflux varices: their possible ambulatory treatment. Our first experience]. PMID- 6233082 TI - [An interview with the Honorable Costant Degan, Minister of Health, on health problems in Italy]. PMID- 6233081 TI - [Preventive dietetics]. PMID- 6233083 TI - The ventilatory pump in exercise. AB - The response of the ventilatory pump during exercise in health and in patients with COPD is reviewed. The authors' hope is that the pump's response to the stress of exercise will be seen to be efficiently matched to the demands placed on it, even though in disease or under some extreme circumstances in normal subjects it may be stretched to (or beyond) its capacity. From a review of the literature, suggestions are made for directions for future research. PMID- 6233084 TI - Purification and characterization of ATP-dependent calcium pumps from synaptosomes. PMID- 6233085 TI - Conspectus--interleukins and white cells. PMID- 6233086 TI - Dental care of the cancer patient. PMID- 6233087 TI - Welfare benefits: severely degrading allowance. PMID- 6233088 TI - Comparative echocardiographic studies in leading canoe-kayak and handball sportsmen. AB - Echocardiographic data on 21 top-grade kayak- canoeists and 16 top-grade handball players are compared. While the end-diastolic and end-systolic diameters as well as end-diastolic and end-systolic volumes did not appreciably differ, the posterior wall and particularly the interventricular septum both in diastole and systole were significantly thicker in kayak- canoeists than in handball players. Also the left ventricular mass was considerably greater in the former group. The differences were even more striking when the parameters in question were calculated in relation to 1 kg body weight, 1 m-2 height and 1 m2 body surface area. Since the members of both groups were competitors at international level, it can be assumed that the differences are due to the different degree of strain placed on the heart in these sports. PMID- 6233089 TI - Combined use of selective intracoronary thrombolysis and percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty for the treatment of coronary obstruction. AB - The case of a young female patient with inferior infarction is presented. In the fifth hour after the onset of MI coronary angiography revealed complete obstruction of the right coronary artery. This obstruction has been recanalized by selective intracoronary infusion of streptokinase. At the site of occlusion there remained a 90% coronary stenosis, causing anginal attacks. By means of balloon-catheter angioplasty the stenosis was reduced to less than 50%. The coronary angioplasty resulted in an improvement of left ventricular function, physical working capacity and cessation of anginal attacks. PMID- 6233090 TI - Review of isoelectric focusing for Gc, PGM1, Tf, and Pi subtypes: population distributions. AB - Isoelectric focusing (IEF) as a method for differentiating macromolecules with minor differences in isoelectric points has demonstrated an increase in the degree of genetic polymorphisms of the blood. Studies over the last 5 to 6 years have shown that genetic marker systems such as transferrin (TF), phosphoglucomutase (PGM1), the vitamin D-binding globulin (GC), and A1 antitrypsin (PI) are a great deal more polymorphic than observed using conventional electrophoresis. Additional genetic variants have been detected or further defined in such systems as esterase D (ESD) and hemoglobin (HB) to name a few. The increased heterozygosity levels of these genetic marker systems identified by IEF have added to their value in forensic medicine and resulted in further resolution of racial and population affinities. IEF should prove to be a valuable anthropological tool for measuring population structure and genetic distances. PMID- 6233091 TI - Current status of intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation in critical care cardiology. AB - Retrospective analysis revealed that intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation was attempted in 321 patients at our institute from August 1, 1974, to July 1, 1982. The intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) was successfully inserted in 298 cases (93%). Indications for an IABP included: cardiogenic shock (84 cases), preoperative hemodynamic coverage (15 cases), low-output syndrome (73 cases), pre and postinfarction angina (75 cases), intractable congestive heart failure (12 cases), refractory ventricular arrhythmia (9 cases), percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (14 cases), cardiac arrest (7 cases), and a miscellaneous group (9 cases). The overall major complication rate was 9%. The data from this experience support aggressive management of cardiogenic shock, i.e., early balloon insertion, angiography, and cardiac surgery, which significantly increases the survival rate (83%) over medical therapy combined with balloon counterpulsation alone. The IABP was also extremely effective in managing other high-risk categories when combined with some form of definitive mechanical correction, e.g., coronary revascularization, valve replacement, or percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. Left ventricular (LV) function was a significant indicator of long-term survival in our series. Patients with normal or moderately impaired LV function had higher survival rates (95% and 82%, respectively) than patients with poor LV function (42%). PMID- 6233092 TI - The radiology of low back pain associated with posterior element lesions of the lumbar spine. AB - Chronic low back pain is frequent, ubiquitous, intermittent and usually difficult to categorize. Aside from the minority of cases with specific inflammatory or neoplastic causes, its etiology is usually vague and its radiographic evaluation obscure on routine films of the lumbar spine. For almost 50 years it has been known that disc disease was a significant etiologic factor. More recently, abnormal zygapophyseal joints have been pinpointed as specific areas of causation of low back pain. Other posterior element lesions associated with low back pain include facet fractures, interarticular isthmus defects, and laminar and pedicular fracture deformities. The radiographic demonstration of these lesions may require axially angled oblique views, vertebral arch views, and motion studies added to the standard projections. CT and apohyseal joint arthrography have been especially helpful. PMID- 6233094 TI - Acne: an approach to therapy for the pediatrician. AB - Acne is an ubiquitous problem of adolescence. Currently available medications have improved the effectiveness of therapy. Pediatricians should be able to manage most of their patients with acne without referral to dermatologists. The exact pathogenesis of this disorder is not known, but a working hypothesis encompassing the factors involved allows a more rational approach to therapy. Successful treatment not only requires familiarity with the various types of acne lesions and the medications of choice, but an ability to recruit the patient into a partnership of therapy. The more the patient understands about the disorder the better the compliance and chances for success. PMID- 6233093 TI - The correlation of changes in systolic blood pressure with regional anatomical regression of hypertensive left ventricular hypertrophy in patients on chronic antihypertensive therapy (greater than 1 year): alpha-methyldopa compared to propranolol. AB - Twenty patients with mild to moderate hypertension and evidence of left ventricular hypertrophy (relative wall thickness greater than or equal to 0.45), who previously had not received either alpha-methyldopa or propranolol, were allocated at random to treatment with one or other of these drugs as monotherapy after a 2-week baseline period on no medication. Dosage was titrated until normotension was attained and patients were then maintained on this treatment for a year. Analysis of blood pressure measurements and echocardiograms taken before and during maintenance therapy showed that there were significantly correlated changes in systolic blood pressure and heart rate with left ventricular cavity and regional wall changes during chronic drug administration. In the alpha methyldopa group there were significant correlations between changes in erect and supine systolic blood pressure and the posterior wall index, and in erect systolic blood pressure and left ventricular mass. In the propranolol group, there were significant correlations between changes in supine systolic blood pressure and interventricular septal thickness, and in erect heart rate and supine systolic blood pressure with the percentage change in internal diameter of the left ventricle. It is suggested that these observations may have important therapeutic implications for hypertensive patients with documented left ventricular hypertrophy. PMID- 6233095 TI - Radiographic evaluation of the postoperative neonatal chest. PMID- 6233096 TI - Demonstration of sustained increases in myocardial ATP following preischemic enhancement. PMID- 6233097 TI - Isotretinoin dermatitis simulating acute pityriasis rosea. AB - A pityriasis rosea-like eruption developed in two acne patients receiving isotretinoin and gradually resolved once the dosage was reduced. Histologically the lesions, which were characterized by psoriasiform hyperplasia, bore no resemblance to pityriasis rosea. We believe the eruptions were a side effect of isotretinoin therapy. PMID- 6233098 TI - Grease eruption: result of addiction to a physical agent. PMID- 6233099 TI - Maculopapular eruption resulting from systemic administration of 5-fluorouracil. AB - An unusual eruption was noted following a particularly prolonged course of intravenous 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) as treatment of metastatic breast carcinoma. This eruption differed from dermatologic reactions previously noted in response to 5-FU in that it was not confined to sun-exposed surfaces as is characteristic of the nonallergic responses to 5-FU, nor was its onset immediate and generalized, as is characteristic of the rare allergic responses to this drug. PMID- 6233100 TI - White superficial onychomycosis caused by Trichophyton rubrum. AB - A patient with T. rubrum WSO is reported. The presence of this pathogen, a rare cause of this condition, can be confirmed by examination of smears and cultures taken from scrapings of the white spots on the nail plate. PMID- 6233101 TI - Acneiform eruption on the legs. AB - A case of acne on the legs of a 55-year-old white woman is reported. The drugs and chemicals that are known to cause acneiform eruptions are reviewed. No clues to the localization of the disease in this patient were detected. PMID- 6233102 TI - On the diagnosis of deep venous thrombosis in patients at risk. PMID- 6233103 TI - T gamma and T mu lymphocytes. Clinical and experimental studies of human T gamma and T mu lymphocytes participating in the immune response. PMID- 6233104 TI - Shunt nephritis: a report on five children. AB - Of 5 children with glomerulonephritis with infected ventriculoatrial shunt, 3 had improved renal function after antibiotic therapy and removal of the infected shunt. 1 patient with endoextracapillary proliferative glomerulonephritis with 70% glomerular crescents developed a rapidly progressive renal insufficiency. Renal failure was successfully managed by hemodialysis and kidney transplantation. 1 patient died from extrarenal causes in the course of a septic episode. PMID- 6233105 TI - Clinical use of hematoporphyrin derivative in malignant tumors. PMID- 6233107 TI - [Diagnostic and clinical significance of striae-like skin changes in the lumbosacral region]. PMID- 6233106 TI - [Guidelines for the use of antibiotics in dentistry in patients with chronic renal insufficiency and kidney transplant patients]. PMID- 6233108 TI - [Selective coronary arteriography: an analysis of 103 cases with emphasis on angiographic diagnosis of coronary heart disease]. PMID- 6233109 TI - [Primary congestive cardiomyopathy at high altitude--X-ray analysis of 50 cases]. PMID- 6233110 TI - [Pulmonary X-ray manifestations of necrotizing granulomatosis]. PMID- 6233112 TI - [Diagnosis of lumbar disc lesions by lumbosacral-radiculography with water soluble contrast media]. PMID- 6233111 TI - [Lumbar myelography with metrizamide: a radiologic-surgical correlative study in 57 cases]. PMID- 6233113 TI - [Evaluation of the arteries supplying the basal ganglia in the diagnosis of supra tentorial masses]. PMID- 6233114 TI - [Postoperative cholangiography--X-ray analysis of 200 cases]. PMID- 6233115 TI - [A radiological study of endemic cretinism]. PMID- 6233116 TI - [Familial and hereditary osteogenesis imperfecta--a report of 14 cases from 2 families]. PMID- 6233117 TI - [Radiological diagnosis of neurofibromatosis]. PMID- 6233118 TI - [Rotary fixation of the atlantoaxial joint]. PMID- 6233119 TI - [Spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia tarda--analysis of 15 cases in 8 families]. PMID- 6233120 TI - [Treatment of radiation reaction with He-Ne laser irradiation of acupuncture spots]. PMID- 6233121 TI - [An analysis of 307 cases of irradiated myeloencephalospinal disease]. PMID- 6233122 TI - [Therapeutic splenic embolization]. PMID- 6233123 TI - [Echocardiographic assessment of left ventricular diastolic function in hypertensive patients]. PMID- 6233124 TI - [Treatment of severe lumboabdominal pain by surgical dissolution of soft tissues of the lumbar region]. PMID- 6233125 TI - [Immunoregulator cells of a nonlymphoid nature--Er-suppressors]. PMID- 6233126 TI - Hypersensitivity reaction to doxorubicin. AB - A 42-year-old woman with synovial sarcoma developed a skin flare during doxorubicin therapy. With a subsequent dose, erythema, urticaria, and asthma occurred, despite pretreatment with antihistamines. Skin flares occur in about three percent of patients receiving doxorubicin. Rarely, generalized urticaria, angioneurotic edema, or anaphylaxis occur. Local reactions may represent molecular extravasation through vessels, or histamine release from mast cells or basophils. Generalized reactions may involve alternative complement-activation pathways. Pretreatment with antihistamines or corticosteroids sometimes is helpful in preventing recurrences. PMID- 6233128 TI - Cellular basis of concanavalin A-activated T-cell-mediated suppression of DNA synthesis by PHA-stimulated lymphocytes from patients with Kenyan visceral leishmaniasis. PMID- 6233127 TI - [Skin embolism. Etiology, clinical aspects, therapy and prevention]. PMID- 6233129 TI - A case of abdominal scrotal swelling (hydrocele en bissac or bilocular hydrocele). A case report. PMID- 6233130 TI - Electromyography in Huntington's disease. A possible presymptomatic test. Report of a long-term follow-up. PMID- 6233131 TI - Selective localization of the parathyroid secretory protein-I/adrenal medulla chromogranin A protein family in a wide variety of endocrine cells of the rat. AB - Secretory protein-I (SP-I) of parathyroid glands and chromogranin A ( CGA ) of adrenal medullary chromaffin cells are chemically similar if not identical proteins. Both proteins are contained within secretory granules and appear to be cosecreted with granule contents, for example, in the parathyroid with PTH and in the adrenal with epinephrine and dopamine beta-hydroxylase. Antisera to bovine SP I and porcine CGA , together with antisera to a variety of peptide hormones, were used in an immunofluorescence study of rat tissues in order to determine the probable distribution and cellular localization of these proteins. In addition to their previously demonstrated presence in parathyroid and adrenal cells, the SP I/ CGA protein family was detected in cells of the thyroid that contained calcitonin and often SRIF but not thyroglobulin; in cells of the anterior pituitary staining for the alpha-subunit of TSH/FSH/LH but not in cells staining for GH, PRL, ACTH, or beta-endorphin; in pancreatic islet cells staining for SRIF and pancreatic polypeptide-related peptides, but not for insulin or glucagon; in the celiac and mesenteric ganglia in cells some of which contained SRIF; and in the gastric antrum in cells containing SRIF, but not gastrin. SP-I/ CGA was not detected in cells of the liver, kidney, parotid gland, or acinar pancreas or in the intermediate or posterior lobes of the pituitary. These results suggest that this protein family enjoys a widespread but highly restricted distribution in many different endocrine-peptide cells of the rat, many that are believed to be of the APUD cell series. The possibility is raised that SP-I/ CGA plays some physiological role in the secretory process or exerts an effect of its own in the periphery after secretion. PMID- 6233132 TI - Kinetic studies on the formation of estrogens from dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate by human placental microsomes. AB - Using microsomes isolated from term human placentae kinetic analyses of each of the enzymes involved in estrogen synthesis from dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate have been carried out and the following parameters were found: sulfatase, Michaelis-Menten constant (Km) = 16,000 +/- 5,000 nM, maximum velocity (Vm) = 2.0 +/- 0.5 nmol X min-1 X mg protein-1; 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3 beta HSD), Km = 15 +/- 3 nM, Vm = 1.8 +/- 0.4 nmol X min-1 X mg protein-1; aromatase, Km = 14 +/- 4 nM, Vm = 0.12 +/- 0.02 nmol X min-1 X mg protein-1. From these values one can predict that, theoretically, the rate-limiting enzyme in estrogen synthesis from dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DS) should change from the sulfatase at low concentrations of substrate to the aromatase at higher concentrations. In order to test this hypothesis we developed a system which allowed the formation of estrogens from DS, dehydroepiandrosterone, and androstenedione to be measured and the appropriate intermediates to be isolated. The sulfatase was found to be rate limiting at concentrations of DS below 2 microM and the aromatase was found to be rate limiting at higher concentrations. These data may explain why previous perfusion studies of human placentae indicated the sulfatase was the rate-limiting enzyme in estrogen synthesis yet in vitro studies found that it was the aromatase. Steroids previously shown to inhibit the 3 beta-HSD were examined for their ability to inhibit the formation of estrogens from DS. Although 3 beta-HSD activity was markedly inhibited this had little effect on the overall conversion of DS to estrogens, until high concentrations of inhibitors were used. The data also underline the importance of studying enzyme systems rather than single enzymes when studying steroid synthesis. PMID- 6233133 TI - Down-regulation by 17 beta-estradiol of D2 dopamine receptors in the MtTF4 pituitary tumor. AB - We have recently reported that 17 beta-estradiol (E2) paradoxically inhibits the growth of the rat MtTF4 pituitary tumor which has been induced by estrogen administration. While looking for a molecular explanation for these divergent effects, we observed that E2 treatment resulted in a marked decrease of D2 dopamine receptors (RDA) in the tumor but not in normal pituitary glands. Herein, we characterize further the effect of E2 on RDA concentration in the tumor. Three weeks after a sc injection of a MtTF4 -cell suspension, adult male Fischer rats were treated, or not, either with E2 or with various other steroids. The number of dopamine-binding sites (Bmax) was determined on crude membranes by Scatchard analyses with the dopamine antagonist [3H]spiroperidol. Only one kind of binding site was observed, and the affinity constant for [3H]spiroperidol was not significantly modified by any of the various treatments used. The decrease of Bmax after 8 days of treatment was dose dependent and was maximal with 5 micrograms daily doses of E2. With 10 micrograms E, daily, Bmax decreased exponentially with the duration of the treatment; t 1/2 was approximately 5 days. Treatment for 8 days with progesterone (50 micrograms/day), dihydrotestosterone (50 micrograms/day) or 17 alpha-estradiol (10 micrograms/day), known to be inactive on tumor growth, did not alter Bmax, whereas diethylstilbestrol (10 micrograms/day) or dexamethasone (50 micrograms/day), which inhibit tumor growth, were as efficient as E2 in decreasing Bmax. In conclusion, the number of dopamine binding sites in the membranes of MtTF4 tumor is decreased by E2 in a time- and dose-dependent fashion. Circumstantial evidence suggests that this decrease is due to a loss of RDA per cell rather than the loss of RDA-bearing cells. The relationship between the control of dopamine-binding sites and cell growth is not clear; however, this model may be useful for the elucidation of the mechanism by which E2 modulates cell membrane properties. PMID- 6233134 TI - Streptozotocin treatment at birth induces a parallel depletion of thyrotropin releasing hormone and insulin in the rat pancreas during development. AB - Elevated concentrations of TRH have been detected in the rat pancreas during the early days of life. The purpose of this study was to investigate further the cellular location of this peptide in the pancreas using streptozotocin (STZ) injected at birth. Pancreatic TRH and insulin contents were measured at different ages from birth until 35 days in rats injected with STZ and results compared with controls injected with the vehicle. A transitory hyperglycemic state was observed from day 1 to day 5 (maximum value 2.9 +/- 0.31 g/liter). After this period, although slightly hyperglycemic, STZ rats were not glucosuric . TRH and insulin contents followed two distinct patterns from days 1 to 5 and days 5 to 35. During the first period, an acute depletion of both substances was observed, the lower value observed reaching 2.7% and 9% of control values, respectively, for TRH and insulin. The TRH surge at day 2 was blunted. During the second period, insulin content increased to reach 42% of controls. On the contrary, recovery of TRH was not observed; TRH content was 9% of control at day 35. These results indicate that TRH is located in STZ-sensitive cells, in agreement with recent immunohistochemical data. The impaired capacity for TRH recovery remained unexplained and seems to indicate a difference in the biogenesis of insulin and TRH. PMID- 6233135 TI - Release of beta-hexosaminidase after administration of different agents affecting the reticuloendothelial system. An experimental study in rats. AB - Plasma levels of a lysosomal enzyme, beta-hexosaminidase (beta-N acetylglucosaminidase, EC 3.2.1.30) were studied in Wistar rats after administration of 99mTc -sulfur colloid, 198Au colloid, gelatine (Haemaccel), alcohol, methylpalmitate and zymosan. The activity of beta-hexosaminidase was increased 10, 30 and 60 min after the zymosan injection. After 24 and 48 h, enzyme levels had returned to those at outset. The transient release of beta hexosaminidase probably occurred only during the phagocytosis of zymosan which was evaluated by histological examination of lung, liver and spleen. After the injection of all other agents tested, no significant aberration of beta hexosaminidase levels was seen. Activity distribution of the radio-labeled colloids revealed differences in organ uptake which were attributed to a difference in colloid particle size. Although the colloids tested have been used extensively for determination of reticuloendothelial function and histological studies suggest phagocytosis of the particles, their administration did not affect plasma beta-hexosaminidase levels. Since lysosomal enzymes are cleared from the blood predominantly by liver macrophages, the primary location of particle phagocytosis may explain the present findings. PMID- 6233136 TI - Tests of lifting and handling capacity. Their repeatability and relationship to back symptoms. PMID- 6233137 TI - Calelectrin self-aggregates and promotes membrane aggregation in the presence of calcium. AB - Calelectrin is a protein that can be purified to homogeneity from the cholinergically innervated electric organ of Torpedo marmorata where it is present in large amounts. It has been shown to bind to the membranes of the electric organ in a Ca2+-dependent and specific manner. Using the purified protein we now report that it is specifically self-aggregated by Ca2+ in micromolar concentrations but not by Mg2+ at much higher concentrations. Sr2+ is also completely inactive, while Ba2+ and the trivalent lanthanides Tb3+, Eu3 +, and La3+ can substitute for Ca2+. Calelectrin also greatly enhances the Ca2+ induced aggregation of isolated synaptic vesicle membranes from the cholinergic nerve terminals of T. marmorata and of chromaffin granule membranes from the bovine adrenal medulla. The potentiation of membrane aggregation is mainly due to the appearance of a fast aggregatory phase in the presence of calelectrin . It is saturable with respect to calelectrin and can be demonstrated at very low calelectrin concentrations, suggesting a specific calelectrin membrane-binding component. This component seems to be of lipid nature since the aggregation of total extracted lipids from Torpedo electric organ and from chromaffin granules could also be enhanced by calelectrin . The Ca2+-induced self-association of calelectrin and its aggregation enhancing effect may be of great importance to the structural organization of neural and secretory cells and the mechanism of exocytosis. PMID- 6233138 TI - Primary structure of a genomic zein sequence of maize. AB - The nucleotide sequence of a genomic clone (termed Z4 ) of the zein multigene family was compared to the nucleotide sequence of related cDNA clones of zein mRNAs. A tandem duplication of a 96-bp sequence is found in the genomic clone that is not present in the related cDNA clones. When the duplication is disregarded, the nucleotide sequence homology between Z4 and its related cDNAs was approximately 97%. The nucleotide sequence is also compared to other isolated cDNAs. No introns in the coding region of the zein gene are detected. The first nucleotide of a putative TATA box, TATAAATA , was located 88 nucleotides upstream of the first nucleotide of the first ATG codon which initiated the open reading frame. The first nucleotide of a putative CCAAT box, CAAAAT , appeared 45 nucleotides upstream of the first nucleotide of the zein cDNA clones in the 3' non-coding region also appeared in the genomic sequence at the same locations. The amino acid composition of the polypeptide specified by the Z4 nucleotide sequence is similar to the known composition of zein proteins. PMID- 6233139 TI - Identification of a heparan sulphate-containing proteoglycan as a specific core component of cholinergic synaptic vesicles from Torpedo marmorata. AB - Cholinergic synaptic vesicles isolated from the electric organ of Torpedo marmorata were found to contain a proteoglycan in their core. The glycosaminoglycan part co-migrates upon thin layer electrophoresis with heparan sulphate and shows a chemical composition characteristic for this carbohydrate. [35S]Sulphate injected into the electric lobes of Torpedo, which contain the perikarya of the electromotor neurons innervating the electric organs, appeared 48 h later in covalently bound form in the synaptic vesicle fraction. The radiolabel had been incorporated into the vesicular heparan sulphate. Upon SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis fluorography of labelled vesicles a major and a minor band are formed both migrating above a protein standard of mol. wt. 200 000. Similarly, a major peak in the void volume and a minor peak in the included volume are seen upon gel filtration in Ultrogel AcA 34 in the presence of SDS. We interpret the minor fraction as being formed by the loss of glycosaminoglycan from the major fraction. The proteoglycan is located inside the vesicle since antibodies directed against it form immunoprecipitates only with vesicles lysed by detergent treatment. The experiments show that it is possible to label a synaptic organelle specifically by axonal transport. PMID- 6233140 TI - The head protein D of bacterial virus lambda is related to eukaryotic chromosomal proteins. AB - Bacteriophage lambda structural head protein D has physiochemical properties in common with eukaryotic chromosomal proteins. It has a low affinity for hydroxylapatite, it is heat stable and acid soluble. Moreover, it cross-reacts immunologically with histones H2A and H2B. The deduced primary structure of the D protein shows striking homology to calf chromosomal high mobility group HMG-14 protein. There are two clusters of four ( LSAK , ASDE ) and one of three (APA) identical amino acid residues. Additionally the cluster ETK of protein D occurs three times in HMG-14 and 14 single identical residues are present. A mechanism for an alternative to a nucleosomal mode of nuclear DNA condensation and a possible function of HMG proteins are discussed. PMID- 6233141 TI - SOS mutator effect in E. coli mutants deficient in mismatch correction. AB - We have used bacteriophage lambda to characterize the mutator effect of the SOS response induced by u.v. irradiation of Escherichia coli. Mutagenesis of unirradiated phages grown in irradiated or unirradiated bacteria was detected by measuring forward mutagenesis in the immunity genes or reversion mutagenesis of an amber codon in the R gene. Relative to the wild-type, the SOS mutator effect was higher in E. coli mismatch correction-deficient mutants (mutH, mutL and mutS) and lower in an adenine methylation-deficient mutant ( dam3 ). We conclude that a large proportion of SOS-induced 'untargeted' mutations are removed by the methyl directed mismatch correction system, which acts on newly synthesized DNA strands. The lower SOS mutator effect observed in E. coli dam mutants may be due to a selective killing of mismatch-bearing chromosomes resulting from undirected mismatch repair. The SOS mutator effect on undamaged lambda DNA, induced by u.v. irradiation of the host, appears to result from decreased fidelity of DNA synthesis. PMID- 6233143 TI - Observations on splenomegaly in Ethiopia. PMID- 6233142 TI - Differential binding of a S. cerevisiae RNA polymerase III transcription factor to two promoter segments of a tRNA gene. AB - A Saccharomyces cerevisiae protein fraction which binds specifically to the internal promoter regions of genes that are transcribed by RNA polymerase III is shown to function as a transcription factor. We postulate that the stable DNA binding of the factor confers stability on polymerase III transcription complexes. Analysis of the binding by DNase 'foot-printing' distinguishes three segments of the S. cerevisiae tRNALeu3 gene: a region surrounding the so-called A block of the internal promoter, a region surrounding the B block and an intermediate segment. Binding to the A and B block regions is connected, but the B block region exerts a dominant effect. PMID- 6233144 TI - The value of laparoscopy in intra-abdominal diseases. PMID- 6233145 TI - Initial plasmin-degradation of fibrin as the basis of a positive feed-back mechanism in fibrinolysis. AB - This study deals with the effect of fibrin on the transformation of Glu plasminogen to Glu-plasmin during fibrinolysis. It focuses particularly on changes in fibrin effector function caused by plasmin-catalysed fibrin degradation. Conversion of 125I-labelled Glu-plasminogen to Glu-plasmin was catalysed by urokinase or tissue plasminogen activator, in the presence of different preparations of progressively degraded fibrin. Plasmin catalysis of Glu plasminogen and the fibrin (derivative) effector was inhibited by aprotinin. The presence of intact fibrin enhanced the rate of Glu-plasmin formation catalysed by tissue plasminogen activator, but not by urokinase. The presence of initially plasmin-cleaved fibrin, however, increased the rates of Glu-plasmin formation with both activators, as compared to those found with intact fibrin. The rate enhancements induced by initial plasmin degradation of the fibrin effector were associated with an increase in its affinity to both Glu-plasminogen and tissue plasminogen activator, suggesting causal relationships. The weak binding of urokinase was unaffected by fibrin degradation, indicating that effector function was solely exerted on the Glu-plasminogen moiety of urokinase-activated systems. Further degradation of fibrin decreased the stimulating effect on Glu-plasmin formation. This decrease occurred at an earlier stage of degradation with tissue plasminogen activator than with urokinase, indicating that greater integrity of the fibrin effector is necessary for its optimal interaction with the tissue plasminogen activator than with Glu-plasminogen. Concentrations of tranexamic acid that saturate low-affinity lysine-binding sites nearly completely dissociated the binding of Glu-plasminogen to degraded fibrin, but not to intact fibrin. In analogy with the binding of lysine analogues to these sites, the conformation of Glu-plasminogen may be altered by binding to degraded fibrin, thus giving rise to the increased activation rate. PMID- 6233146 TI - Membrane crystals of Ca2+-ATPase in sarcoplasmic reticulum of fast and slow skeletal and cardiac muscles. AB - Crystalline arrays of Ca2+ transport ATPase develop in sarcoplasmic reticulum membranes after treatment with Na3VO4 in a calcium-free medium [ Dux , L. and Martonosi , A. (1983) J. Biol. Chem. 258, 2599-2603]. The proportion of vesicles containing Ca2+-ATPase crystals in microsome preparations isolated from rat muscle of different fiber types (semimembranosus, levator ani, extensor digitorum longus, diaphragm, soleus, and heart) correlates well with the Ca2+-ATPase content and Ca2+-modulated ATPase activity. This implies that the concentration of Ca2+-ATPase in sarcoplasmic reticulum membranes of fast and slow skeletal or cardiac muscles differs only slightly, and the low Ca2+ transport activity of 'sarcoplasmic reticulum' preparations isolated from slow-twitch skeletal and cardiac muscles is due to the presence of large amount of non-sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane elements. This is in accord with the relatively small differences in the density of 8.5-nm intramembranous particles seen by freeze etch electron microscopy in sarcoplasmic reticulum of red and white muscles. The dimensions of the Ca2+-ATPase crystal lattice are similar in sarcoplasmic reticulum membranes of different fiber types; therefore if structural differences exist between 'isoenzymes' of Ca2+-ATPase, these are not reflected in the crystal lattice. PMID- 6233147 TI - About the electrocardiological diagnosis of ventricular hypertrophy: is there a dividing line between 'normal' and 'abnormal'? PMID- 6233148 TI - Effect of piracetam in Huntington's chorea. AB - Piracetam has been described to improve neuroleptic-induced acute extrapyramidal syndrome where a central dopaminergic hyperactivity is implicated. In Huntington's chorea, this abnormality is also generally admitted, at least functionally. Therefore the authors have utilized piracetam in this disease. The drug was administered intravenously in a double-blind study to 6 patients. Piracetam worsened choreic movements. This result is discussed in relation to the pharmacological properties of the drug. PMID- 6233149 TI - Effect of hormonal manipulation on antithrombin III activity in patients with prostatic carcinoma. AB - In three groups of patients with advanced prostatic cancer the influence of three different forms of hormonal manipulation, i.e. estrogens, anti-androgens and bilateral orchidectomy, on the coagulation and fibrinolytic systems has been investigated. The groups, studied over a period of 35 days, were comparable as to age and stage of malignancy. A significant decrease in antithrombin III (AT-III) activity of 27% (range 7-46%) was found in patients on an initially high-dose estrogen (diethylstilbestrol) treatment regime. No changes in any of the monitored coagulation and fibrinolytic parameters were noted in the other treatment groups, including patients on maintenance estrogen therapy. The results of this study show that only high-dose estrogen therapy is accompanied by a selective decrease in AT-III activity. This may be an important etiological factor in the increased risk of thromboembolism in patients treated by this regime. The other means of hormonal manipulation studied, including low-dose estrogen treatment, did not influence the coagulation or fibrinolytic systems. PMID- 6233151 TI - Reply to "A Nation at Risk'. Report of the CEC Ad Hoc Committee to Study and Respond to the 1983 Report of the National Commission on Excellence in Education. PMID- 6233152 TI - The readability of P.L. 94-142 parent materials: are parents truly informed? PMID- 6233150 TI - Hydrocortisone alone vs hydrocortisone plus aminoglutethimide: a comparison of the endocrine effects in postmenopausal breast cancer. AB - The endocrine effects of replacement doses of hydrocortisone in postmenopausal women with advanced breast cancer were compared with the same doses of hydrocortisone plus aminoglutethimide. Fifteen patients received aminoglutethimide (AG) 250 mg three times a day plus hydrocortisone (HC) 20 mg twice a day for 2 weeks, then AG was increased to 250 mg four times a day. Another 13 patients received HC alone for 2 weeks, then AG was added. HC alone significantly suppressed oestrone (75% of baseline) and oestradiol (50% of baseline). Addition of AG to these patients produced further oestrone suppression (50% of baseline) significantly greater than HC alone. HC alone suppressed dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate as much as AG + HC. delta 4-androstenedione (delta 4A) and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHA) were suppressed by HC alone. Addition of AG produced a rise of delta 4A to basal levels. These results show that 3-beta ol de hydrogenase is not induced by AG. AG plus HC together from day 1 produced significantly greater oestrone suppression (50% of baseline) than HC alone. Because high-dose steroids may induce aromatase and replacement doses produced marked peripheral endocrine effects, the use of replacement hydrocortisone should be reassessed in advanced breast cancer. PMID- 6233153 TI - Multisource assessment of young handicapped children: a comparison. PMID- 6233155 TI - Cloned human T lymphocytes with lymphostimulatory capacity preferentially activate suppressor cells. AB - A proportion of cloned T cells derived from allogeneic mixed leukocyte cultures (MLC) was found to stimulate rapid primary, but not secondary, lymphoproliferative responses of autologous as well as allogeneic peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Of eight major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II-specific monoclonal antibodies (mAb), the reagent TU39 (which preferentially inhibits allostimulation by SB- rather than DR- or DC-associated determinants) most strongly inhibited stimulation by these clones. MAb specific for DC or DR molecules inhibited weakly or not at all. Stimulatory, but not nonstimulatory, clones were found to be strongly suppressive when titrated directly into MLC. Suppression was no MHC restricted, was radioresistant (20 Gy) and was not abrogated by the addition of partially purified interleukin 2 to the test cultures. Transfer of PBMC cocultured with stimulatory, but not with nonstimulatory, clones into a second MLC resulted in its strong suppression, suggesting that a suppressor effector population had been "induced" by the clones. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that SB-like, rather than DR or DC, determinants present on the surface of certain activated T cells are intimately involved in the regulation of cellular immune responses by rapidly inducing suppressor effector cells in normal lymphocyte populations. PMID- 6233154 TI - Independent inhibition of IL 2 synthesis and cell proliferation by anti-Ia antibodies in mixed lymphocyte responses to Mls. AB - Whole anti-I region antisera and monoclonal anti-Ia antibodies are capable of totally inhibiting the response of murine spleen cells to the non-H-2 Mls alloantigens. This inhibition was shown to be highly specific for the appropriate Ia and operative at the level of the stimulator cell. Both cell proliferation and interleukin (IL2) production were inhibited; however, the inhibition of cell proliferation was not due only to the inhibition of IL2 production and the inhibition of IL2 production was not solely due to the inhibition of IL1 production. We propose that both the IL2-producing cell and the proliferating cell need to "see" an intact Ia+ cell and perhaps Ia antigens in association with Mls determinants to respond. PMID- 6233156 TI - Polyclonal B cell responses in the presence of defined filler cells: complementary effects of lipopolysaccharide and anti-immunoglobulin antibodies. AB - The signal requirement for polyclonal B cell responses in the presence of T helper (Th) cells, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), anti-Ig antibodies coupled to Sepharose beads (anti-Ig) and/or T cell supernatants (SN) was studied in a murine system using (a) low numbers of B cells/culture in order to reduce the effects of contaminating Th cells and (b) defined sources of irradiated filler cells in the form of EL4 thymoma cells or cloned male H-Y antigen-specific Th cells. The results demonstrate that for optimal proliferation as well as (protein A) plaque forming cell (PFC) generation B cells required at least two activation signals in addition to factor(s) present in Th or EL4 SN, i.e. either a specific (or concanavalin A-dependent nonspecific) Th signal and anti-Ig or (in cultures with EL4 filler cells) LPS and anti-Ig. While confirming several previous studies, including our own, which showed a requirement for two activation signals in conjunction with T cell factors in antigen-specific B cell responses, the present system differs from previous polyclonal systems by showing nonoverlapping effects of LPS or a specific Th signal on the one hand and anti-Ig on the other in the induction of growth factor responsiveness of B cells. In addition, limiting dilution analysis showed that in cultures with EL4 filler cells, LPS, anti-Ig and EL4 SN 1/8 surface Ig-positive cells generated greater than 10 PFC with a mean clone size of 70 PFC and indicated that only the B cells were limiting. This system using defined thymoma filler cells should be useful for assaying factors potentially replacing the LPS or anti-Ig signals. PMID- 6233157 TI - Helper T cell activation for the human B cell response to trinitrophenylated polyacrylamide beads: involvement of the T4 antigen. AB - The monoclonal antibody (mAb) OKT4A (but not OKT4) inhibits the in vitro antibody response of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. The target of OKT4A mAb is the helper T cell, as the helper cells for the antibody response to trinitrophenylated polyacrylamide beads (TNP-PAA) are exclusively in the T4 subset. The OKT4A mAb is still suppressive when the anti-TNP response of cultures of monocyte-depleted cells is supported by purified interleukin 1. Both the OKT4A mAb and anti-DR mAb suppress the non-specific T cell proliferation in the cultures leading to the in vitro mAb response. A parallel inhibition is observed for the autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction, the nonspecific B cell response, but the T cell response to mitogens is not affected. These results suggest that the recognition of self major histocompatibility complex class II determinants by the T4 molecule plays a major role in the activation of T helper cells for antibody production to this particulate antigen. PMID- 6233158 TI - On the role of I-A antigens in lectin- and antigen-induced interleukin 2 production. AB - The role of I-A molecules in lectin- and antigen-induced interleukin 2 (IL2) production has been analyzed using monoclonal antibodies. Both lectin- and antigen [plus major histocompatibility complex (MHC)]-induced IL2 production were profoundly inhibited by monoclonal anti-I-A antibodies, whereas monoclonal anti-D and anti-K antibodies had no effect. The anti-I-A-mediated inhibition of lectin induced IL2 production was fully overcome by addition of interleukin 1 (IL 1), while no reconstitution was observed in antigen (plus MHC)-specific induction. Anti-I-A antibodies were also found to inhibit the T cell-independent induction of IL 1 production. I-A antigens appear, therefore, to play two distinct roles in the induction of IL 2 production: (a) I-A molecules are directly involved in mediating activation signals to the macrophages at the level of IL 1 production; (b) I-A epitopes act as restricting elements in specific antigen recognition by T helper cells at the level of IL 2 production, a requirement which is overcome by lectin. PMID- 6233159 TI - Autoregulation of autoantibody synthesis in mercuric chloride nephritis in the Brown Norway rat. I. A role for T suppressor cells. AB - Mercuric chloride injections in the Brown Norway rat induce the transient formation of anti-glomerular basement membrane (GBM) autoantibodies. Transfer of spleen cells from convalescent animals, after circulating anti-GBM autoantibodies are no longer detectable, inhibits reinduction of the disease by HgCl2 in naive recipients. This inhibition is significantly less when the T suppressor cell population is depleted by the monoclonal antibody, MRC OX8 , before transfer. Our studies suggest a role for T suppressor cells in autoregulation in this animal model of autoimmune nephritis and may form a basis for the design of specific therapy for anti-GBM disease in man. PMID- 6233160 TI - Autoregulation of autoantibody synthesis in mercuric chloride nephritis in the Brown Norway rat. II. Presence of antigen-augmentable plaque-forming cells in the spleen is associated with humoral factors behaving as auto-anti-idiotypic antibodies. AB - Plaque-forming cell (PFC) assays were used to investigate in vitro the immunoregulatory mechanism operating in the self-limiting anti-glomerular basement membrane (GBM) autoantibody response of Brown Norway (BN) rats given HgCl2. The peak splenic PFC response occurred at day 9; thereafter the response fell sharply and was rarely detected after day 12. In specificity studies, incorporation of soluble GBM in the PFC assays of animals at day 9 had two distinct effects. In some animals the PFC response was inhibited in a dose dependent fashion; however, in others an augmented number of PFC was observed. Furthermore, addition of GBM to the PFC mixture from certain animals studied at day 12 (or after) revealed large numbers of GBM-specific PFC when originally no GBM-specific PFC had been observed in the standard PFC assay. Sera from such animals, with and without antigen-augmentable PFC, were incorporated in the PFC mixture containing cells taken from day 9 animals. Sera from animals with revealed plaques could inhibit the GBM-specific PFC response of day 9 animals, whereas sera from animals without revealed plaques could not. Thus sera, from BN rats whose own antibody levels were falling, could inhibit the GBM-specific plaque-forming capability of cells from animals at an earlier stage of the autoimmune response and showed the potential importance of humoral factors, putatively antiidiotypic antibodies, in effecting autoregulation of autoantibody formation in this model. PMID- 6233161 TI - The abnormal function of T cells in chronically anti-mu-treated mice with no mature B lymphocytes. AB - T cells from anti-mu-treated mice, normal goat serum ( NGS )-treated mice or untreated control mice were compared with respect to their surface antigenic phenotypes, T cell mitogenic responses, helper function and precursor frequency of helper T cells. Anti-mu treatment arrested the development of B cells at an immature stage, as determined by flow microfluorometry; it resulted in no serum IgM, but detectable levels of IgG by solid-phase radioimmunoassay. Proliferative responses to phytohemagglutinin and concanavalin A were significantly decreased in T cells obtained from mu-suppressed C57BL/6 mice, but not from control mice. When T cells from anti-mu-treated mice were tested in vitro for their helper activity to collaborate with B cells from nu/nu C57BL/6 mice to give plaque forming cells to sheep red blood cells, they provided far less help than did T cells from control mice. The frequency of T helper cells, as measured by limiting dilution analysis, was much lower in the anti-mu- than in the NGS -treated mice. Cell mixing experiments provided evidence for active suppression of T helper function among splenocytes taken from mu-suppressed mice. PMID- 6233162 TI - High affinity binding of [3H]paroxetine and [3H]imipramine to human platelet membranes. AB - Paroxetine, one of the most potent and specific serotonin uptake inhibitors, was tritiated and used for binding studies with human platelet membranes. Specific, high affinity binding was demonstrated. The binding was compared with [3H]imipramine binding; it was found that the maximal binding (Bmax) was the same for [3H]paroxetine and [3H]imipramine, whereas the affinity was much higher for [3H]paroxetine (KD 0.08 nM and 0.56 nM for paroxetine and imipramine binding, respectively). IC50 was calculated for the inhibition of [3H]paroxetine and [3H]imipramine binding by a number of antidepressants; the corresponding Hill coefficients were also calculated. PMID- 6233163 TI - The effects of indalpine--a selective inhibitor of 5-HT uptake--on rat paradoxical sleep. AB - In order to document the role of monoamines in the reduction of paradoxical sleep by antidepressant drugs, we examined the effect of indalpine , a selective inhibitor of serotonin uptake. Indalpine dose dependently decreased paradoxical sleep and delayed its first appearance. Pretreatment with parachlorophenylalanine markedly decreased the effect of indalpine . In contrast, pretreatment with alpha methylparatyrosine potentiated the indalpine -induced depression of paradoxical sleep. The results of the study indicate that the increase of extracellular concentration of 5-HT has an inhibitory effect on paradoxical sleep, and this effect is enlarged if catecholaminergic activity is reduced. PMID- 6233164 TI - N-0434, A very potent and specific new D-2 dopamine receptor agonist. PMID- 6233165 TI - Selective blockade of dopamine D-1 receptors by SCH 23390 discloses striatal dopamine D-2 receptors mediating the inhibition of adenylate cyclase in rats. PMID- 6233166 TI - Localization of HMG chromosomal proteins in the nucleus and cytoplasm by microinjection of functional antibody fragments into living fibroblasts. AB - We have used microinjection and cell fractionation to localize the chromosomal high mobility group proteins (HMG) in human fibroblasts. Electrophoretic analysis of nuclear and cytoplasmic fractions from the fibroblasts indicates that the concentration of HMG-1,2 in the cytoplasm is 2.9 times larger than in the nucleus indicating that the majority of the cellular HMG-1,2 is present in the cytoplasm. In contrast, HMG-17 remains predominant in the nuclear fraction. We conclude that the cellular distribution of HMG-1,2 is significantly different from that of HMG 17. To avoid possible artifacts due to cell fractionation, fluoresceinated HMG-1 and HMG antibodies were microinjected into living fibroblasts. The cellular distribution of the injected proteins was monitored using fluorescent microscopy. Fluoresceinated HMG-1 microinjected into the cytoplasm moves very rapidly into the nucleus and concentrates in the nucleolus of living human fibroblasts. However, some control non-nuclear proteins also migrated into the nucleus raising the possibility that exogenous injected proteins do not always distribute in the same pattern as the endogenous proteins. The localization of microinjected F(ab)2 fragments derived from anti-HMG-1 was compared to that of microinjected F(ab)2 derived from anti-histones. Whereas the anti-histone F(ab)2 when injected into the cytoplasm migrated into the nucleus, the anti-HMG-1 F(ab)2 remained in the cytoplasm. Microinjection of anti-HMG-17 and anti-histone inhibited transcription in living cells, anti-HMG-1,2 did not. We conclude that HMG-1,2 proteins are present in both the nucleus and cytoplasm of living fibroblasts. PMID- 6233167 TI - Differentiation response of Physarum polycephalum to macrocysts at various times in nuclear cycle. AB - Macrocyst (spherule) formation was induced in synchronized suspension cultures of microplasmodia of Physarum polycephalum under conditions where DNA synthesis was inhibited. Plasmodia in early G2 phase of nuclear cycle were able to differentiate to spherules in the presence of an inhibitor of DNA synthesis, whereas those in late G2 phase required another round of DNA replication before they could enter into the spherulation process. These facts suggest that commitment to DNA synthesis occurred about halfway through G2 phase. The idea was also supported by the results of autoradiographic study in which spherulating plasmodia were fed with radioactive thymidine and labelled plasmodia were scored at the terminal differentiation stage. PMID- 6233168 TI - Symposium: The upper airways under attack. PMID- 6233169 TI - Differential diagnosis of lung injury and hydrostatic oedema. PMID- 6233170 TI - An experimental model of calcification in the vessel wall. AB - Multiple angiolytic changes of the mesenteric arteries due to administration of vast amounts of Na2EDTA into the peritoneal cavity of guinea pigs have already been demonstrated by Yamaguchi et al. (1981 a, b). In this experiment, one week after Na2EDTA administration calcium lactate was administered in the same manner. As a result calcium deposition was observed in the intimal elastic fibers, in and at the collagenous fibers and intermuscular spaces of lytic and ensuing dilatated areas of the vascular wall. This suggests that dystrophic calcification might be induced by conjugation of calcium ions to the free negative charges of acid mucopolysaccharides (aMPS) which are the main component of the above structural elements. PMID- 6233171 TI - Wrongful birth and wrongful conception: the legal and moral issues. PMID- 6233172 TI - Ca2+ binding and charge movements in membranes of platelets and sarcoplasmic reticulum. AB - The properties of the Ca2+-pump system of platelet microsomes isolated without Ca2+-precipitating anions are studied. Passive Ca2+ binding to the microsomes takes place in a noncooperative manner with Kd = 0.7 microM. Half-maximal stimulation of ATP-dependent transport occurs at 0.4 microM Ca2+. The velocity of Ca2+ uptake, Ca2+ capacity and the level of phosphoprotein in platelet microsomes are significantly lower than in cardiac microsomes. Energization of platelet and muscle microsomes and activation of intact platelets result in opposite charge redistribution in hydrophobic regions of the membranes. It is concluded that these charge movements are caused by Ca2+ binding to and dissociation from nonpolar binding sites in the membranes. PMID- 6233173 TI - Stimulation by serotonin of 40 kDa and 20 kDa protein phosphorylation in human platelets. AB - In human platelets, serotonin is known to induce a shape change followed by (reversible) aggregation. Recently, it was found that the amine triggers the elevation of cytosolic free calcium and activates phospholipase C. On stimulation of human platelets with serotonin we found an immediate increase in protein kinase C activity, phosphorylating its 40 kDa substrate protein. A 20 kDa protein, most likely the myosin light chain, was phosphorylated to the same extent. Ketanserin, a highly selective serotonin-S2 antagonist inhibited both phosphorylation processes at subnanomolar concentrations. PMID- 6233174 TI - Applications and limitations of end-systolic measures of ventricular performance. AB - The usefulness of end-systolic measures of left ventricular performance as a load independent method of assessing of ventricular contractility has been studied in intact, conscious dogs. The end-systolic pressure-chamber diameter (P-D) relation was shown to be linear, unaltered by preload changes, and shifted in a parallel fashion by inotropic stimulation, whereas the end-systolic pressure-volume relation appeared to increase in slope with increased contractility. A simplified measure of end-systolic relations that does not require measurement of chamber volume or diameter, the end-systolic pressure-wall thickness ( WTh ) relation, was also linear and shifted with acute changes in inotropic state. During regional ischemia, the regional end-systolic WTh relation also may provide a relatively load-independent means of detecting regional depression of myocardial contractility. With chronic pressure overload hypertrophy in dogs, the end systolic P-D relation was markedly shifted upward and to the left, which indicates hyperfunction of the left ventricle; however, end-systolic wall stress diameter relations were identical before and after the development of hypertrophy, which suggests that myocardial contractility was unaltered. These findings and clinical studies of mitral regurgitation imply that for assessing resting left ventricular contractility in certain chronic conditions, the use of wall stress rather than pressure may be appropriate in the end-systolic framework. Further experimental studies are needed in the intact circulation to better characterize end-systolic relations before their full potential in the clinical setting can be realized. PMID- 6233175 TI - Failure of human oocyte release at ovulation. AB - Among 150 patients admitted for ovum aspiration, in vitro fertilization, and embryo transfer in Perth, Western Australia, 14 were found to have had at least one ovulated follicle at the time of laparoscopy. Based upon ultrasound estimation of follicle diameter 24 hours previously, ovulation occurred in 6 of 22 follicles less than 1.7 cm in mean diameter and in 16 of 19 follicles greater than 1.7 cm in mean diameter. When the ruptured follicles were flushed with heparinized fertilization medium, oocytes were collected in 13 of the 22 dispersed follicles. Twelve oocytes developed pronuclei 16 hours after the addition of spermatozoa, and 11 cleaved to the 4-cell stage within 44 hours of insemination. Oocytes were recovered from 6 of 11 patients stimulated with clomiphene alone and from all 3 patients stimulated with clomiphene supplemented with human menopausal gonadotropin. These observations suggest that oocyte release and follicle rupture are not necessarily synonymous events and that the incidence of retained oocytes in ovulated follicles following stimulation with clomiphene or clomiphene plus human menopausal gonadotropin could be on the order of 60%. PMID- 6233176 TI - A randomized study of dexamethasone in ovulation induction with clomiphene citrate. AB - Improved understanding of follicular dynamics has led to a reevaluation of suppression of adrenal androgens in ovulation induction. To test whether adrenal suppression during clomiphene citrate (CC) therapy would improve ovulation/pregnancy rates, 64 anovulatory patients who had not previously received CC were randomly assigned to receive either 50 mg CC on days 5 to 9 alone or with 0.5 mg dexamethasone (CC + DEX). Patients were then screened for dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S) (normal range, 80 to 320 micrograms/dl), prolactin, testosterone, and semen analysis of the partner. Nine patients discontinued participation prior to completing the first treatment cycle, and ten patients were found to have either elevated prolactin (4), severe male factors (3), or tubal disease (3) and were discontinued. CC was increased 50 mg/day per cycle through 150 mg/day until ovulation occurred. Once the patient was ovulatory on therapy, a properly timed postcoital test and endometrial biopsy for luteal phase defect were performed. If anovulatory at 150 mg/day of CC or demonstrating abnormal postcoital test or endometrial biopsy at 150 mg/day of CC, patients were crossed to the other arm of the treatment protocol. The results revealed a significantly higher rate of ovulation (P less than 0.01) and conception (P less than 0.05) in the CC + DEX-treated group. When correlated with DHEA-S levels, this improvement occurred in patients with DHEA-S greater than 200 micrograms/dl (P less than 0.05). PMID- 6233177 TI - Sex hormone profiles in oligomenorrheic adolescent girls and the effect of oral contraceptives. AB - The hormonal profiles and the effect of oral contraceptives (OCs) on 16 oligomenorrheic and 10 regularly menstruating adolescent girls were studied. Testosterone, androstenedione, dehydroepiandrosterone, estradiol, progesterone, luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, prolactin, and sex-hormone binding globulin were determined on blood samples obtained during a control cycle, during OC treatment, and during the follow-up cycle after discontinuation of OC use. The oligomenorrheic girls had significantly higher concentrations of androstenedione and total and free testosterone than regularly menstruating girls during the control cycle. Sex-hormone-binding globulin concentrations were significantly lower in the oligomenorrheic group. Both in oligomenorrheic and regularly menstruating girls OC treatment caused a decrease in the mean concentrations of all hormones, except prolactin, to similar levels. For 2 to 4 weeks after treatment the oligomenorrheic girls had significantly lower levels of androstenedione, total and free testosterone, and luteinizing hormone than before treatment. In the control group there were no significant differences between pretreatment and posttreatment hormone concentrations. The risks and benefits of prescribing OCs for oligomenorrheic adolescent girls are discussed. PMID- 6233178 TI - A regimen for obtaining mature human oocytes from donors for research into human fertilization in vitro. AB - Patients awaiting laparoscopic sterilization were canvassed to allow oocytes to be aspirated from their ovaries at the time of operation for the purpose of testing the fertilizing capacity of spermatozoa from clinically infertile men. Because these patients were volunteers, the standard techniques for stimulation, ovulation prediction, operation, and oocyte recovery had to be modified for maximum safety and for convenience to both patient and staff. Superovulation was induced with 100 mg or 150 mg clomiphene citrate on days 2 to 6 or 5 to 9 of the menstrual cycle. Final maturation of oocytes was stimulated with 5000 IU of human chorionic gonadotropin administered between days 11 and 15 of the cycle, and the operation was performed 34 to 36 hours later on the routine gynecology operation lists. Of the 157 patients canvassed , 47% were willing to donate oocytes to the project. Despite the variability of the stimulation regimens, the simplified operative technique, and the fact that more than half the patients were on oral contraceptives in the previous cycle, one or more oocytes were retrieved in 75% of the patients. At the initial assessment, 83% of these were considered suitable for in vitro fertilization. PMID- 6233179 TI - Serum steroid binding protein concentrations, distribution of progestogens, and bioavailability of testosterone during treatment with contraceptives containing desogestrel or levonorgestrel. AB - The oral administration of 150 micrograms desogestrel and 30 micrograms ethinyl estradiol (EE2) increases (P less than 0.001) serum concentrations of sex-hormone binding globulin (SHBG) and corticosteroid-binding globulin (CBG), whereas treatment with 150 micrograms levonorgestrel and 30 micrograms EE2 only increases serum CBG concentrations. No changes in serum albumin concentrations occurred during or after treatment with either preparation, and increases in SHBG and CBG returned to the pretreatment values 1 month after treatment ceased. The serum distribution of levonorgestrel was unchanged during treatment, whereas the increase in serum SHBG concentrations after treatment with the preparation containing desogestrel decreased (P less than 0.001) the percentage of non protein-bound 3-keto- desogestrel and the percentage of albumin-bound 3-keto- desogestrel but increased (P less than 0.001) the SHBG-bound fraction. Oral contraceptives containing either progestogen decrease the mean serum non-protein bound testosterone concentrations, especially during treatment with desogestrel (P less than 0.001), and desogestrel may therefore by the more appropriate progestogen for the treatment of women prone to androgenic side effects. PMID- 6233180 TI - Ovarian and adrenal vein steroids in patients with nonneoplastic hyperandrogenism: selective catheterization findings. AB - Standardized bilateral ovarian-adrenal vein catheterization was utilized to assess directly glandular steroid release in 60 androgenized women without evidence of a functional neoplasm. Testosterone (T), dihydrotestosterone (DHT), androstenedione (delta 4 A), dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), DHEA sulfate (DHEA S), 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP), and cortisol (F) were measured by radioimmunoassay in samples obtained from a peripheral vein and the four glandular veins (all values are given as nanograms per milliliter, mean +/- standard deviation). Peripheral values were as follows: T, 0.68 +/- 0.43; DHT, 0.32 +/- 0.13; delta 4 A, 2.2 +/- 2.0; DHEA, 8.8 +/- 8.9; DHEA-S, 3137 +/- 1774; 17-OHP, 2.0 +/- 3.0; and F, 216 +/- 121. Peripheral elevations of at least one androgen were found in 80% of the 60 cases (T, 38%; DHT, 18%; delta 4 A, 50%; DHEA, 45%; and DHEA-S, 37%). Ovarian-peripheral vein gradients ( OPGs ) and adrenal-peripheral vein gradients ( APGs ) served as semiquantitative estimates of glandular secretion. OPGs were as follows: T, 0.4 +/- 1.1; DHT, 0.1 +/- 0.2; delta 4 A, 3.4 +/- 7.0; DHEA, 14.6 +/- 100; DHEA-S, -288 +/- 523; 17-OHP, 4.5 +/- 8.4; and F, -35 +/- 47. APGs were as follows: T, 0.88 +/- 1.3; DHT, 1.1 +/- 0.9; delta 4 A, 14.4 +/- 38.4; DHEA, 327 +/- 367; DHEA-S, 854 +/- 1223; 17-OHP, 20.8 +/- 41.3; and F, 1252 +/- 2023. Excess ovarian and/or adrenal androgen output was assumed in a given individual when one or more of the respective T, DHT, delta 4 A, DHEA, and DHEA-S gradients exceeded the upper 95% confidence limits of normal previously established in this laboratory.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6233182 TI - Review of currently recommended aseptic procedures. Part IV. Patient preparation with a special focus on the hepatitis patient. PMID- 6233181 TI - Prolongation of skin allograft survival in ATS-treated mice by post-transplant injections of species antigenic extracts. AB - B10.A male mice were grafted with H-2-incompatible murine B10.A(2R) skin allografts and treated with antithymocyte serum on days 2, 4, and 7 after transplantation. Repeated injections of cell-free tissue extracts from livers or spleens of B10.A(2R) mice were given in the standard doses, starting on the day of transplantation or on day 14 or day 28 after transplantation. The standard doses were the equivalents of material extracted from 40 mg or 80 mg of wet weight of liver or spleen tissue. Almost all of the regimens used in which antigen injections were begun on day 14 or day 28 after transplantation were successful and led to a marked prolongation in skin allograft survival. In some experimental groups most of the grafts survived 100 days after grafting and 8- 33% grafts showed long-term survival in individual groups. The mechanism of this tolerance is mediated by suppressor cells which were characterized by means of anti-Thy 1.2 antibodies as T lymphocytes. the in vitro experiments have shown that cytotoxic cell precursors may be present in long-term tolerant mice and that they may be reactive to the tolerated antigens after sensitization. PMID- 6233183 TI - Heptavax-B: is it for you? PMID- 6233184 TI - Treating the epileptic patient. PMID- 6233186 TI - Dentists are reaching out to the homebound. PMID- 6233185 TI - [Toxic ulcerative contact dermatitis caused by damp hollow concrete building blocks]. PMID- 6233187 TI - [Mycosis fungoides and monoclonal gammopathy. Fortuitous or causal association?]. AB - We report the case of a patient suffering from mycosis fungoides and plasma cell myeloma. It is postulated that this is not a fortuitous association, but that the B cell neoplasm evolved under the sustained inducer stimulus of the malignant T lymphocytes. This hypothesis is suggested by the demonstration of the helper phenotype of the cutaneous lymphocytes associated with a predominance of helper lymphocytes in blood. PMID- 6233188 TI - Motretinide versus benzoyl peroxide in the treatment of acne vulgaris. AB - 30 patients with acne vulgaris were treated topically with motretinide 0.1% vanishing cream or benzoyl peroxide 5% gel in an open study. Good results were obtained in both groups. Benzoyl peroxide caused local irritation in 73% of the patients, whereas motretinide was well tolerated except in 1 case. Motretinide is considered an alternative in the treatment of papulopustular acne in young adults. PMID- 6233189 TI - Dermatophyte infections in hereditary palmo-plantar keratoderma. Frequency and therapy. AB - The frequency of dermatophyte infections in hereditary palmo-plantar keratoderma ( HPPK ) of the Unna - Thost variety was investigated in 280 patients admitted to the Department of Dermatology, Central Hospital, Boden , during 1977-1981, and was found to be 35.0%. The distribution of fungi did not differ from that found for the total number of dermatophytes. An almost complete therapeutical resistance was found especially in Trichophyton rubrum infections, when patients were treated with micronized griseofulvin and topical econazole cream. Treatment of dermatophyte infections in HPPK with 50% propylene glycol in distilled water gave poor results but when 1% econazole nitrate was added negative cultures were found in 86.4% of the patients treated for 3 weeks. PMID- 6233190 TI - Is transient hypogammaglobulinemia of infancy a manifestation of zinc deficiency? PMID- 6233191 TI - Phylogenetic distribution of a 24,000 dalton human leukemia-associated antigen on platelets and kidney cells. AB - The distribution of a 24,000-dalton human leukemia-associated antigen, p24, was examined using the BA-2 and DU-ALL-1 monoclonal antibodies. BA-2 and DU-ALL-1 bound to human, gorilla, orangutan, macaque, and rabbit platelets but did not bind to mouse, rat, guinea pig, dog, horse, sheep, or goat platelets. Orangutan platelets demonstrated a decreased level of binding with BA-2 and DU-ALL-1. In addition, BA-2, but not DU-ALL-1, bound to chimpanzee platelets suggesting that the chimpanzee has lost the epitope of p24 detected by DU-ALL-1. Immunoperoxidase analysis of kidney tissue with BA-2 and DU-ALL-1 revealed staining of distal tubules and glomeruli, which occurred in a similar phylogenetic distribution to that of p24 on platelets. A monoclonal antibody to the high molecular weight common ALL antigen, J-5, reacted with glomeruli and proximal tubules from human, chimpanzee, orangutan, mangaby , rhesus, and rabbit kidneys but failed to react with rat or mouse kidney. PMID- 6233192 TI - Demonstration of T lymphocytes in the bursa of Fabricius of the chicken following cyclophosphamide treatment. PMID- 6233193 TI - Effects of Corynebacterium parvum after intraperitoneal injection in hamsters. PMID- 6233194 TI - Isolation and characterization of peptidoglycans in urine from patients with mucopolysaccharidoses. AB - Urinary dermatan sulfate (DS) and heparan sulfate (HS) were purified from mucopolysaccharidosis patients. DS shows average mol. wt 8600-12,000 (approx. one half of tissue DS), iduronic acid content 99.1-99.6% (81.8% in tissue DS), core peptide mostly di- or tri-peptide (--Ser--Gly--or--Ser--Gly--Glu--). Molecular weight of HS ranged from 2500 to 20,000, averaging about 5000. Highly sulfated HS was found in the low molecular weight fraction, and no bound core peptide. By contrast, HS in the high molecular weight fraction bound one sulfate per repeating unit, which include core peptide. PMID- 6233195 TI - Studies on glycolysis in vitro: role of glucose phosphorylation and phosphofructokinase activity on total velocity. AB - An in vitro glycolysis system has been developed to study the regulation of glycolysis on kinetic structure basis, in order to determine the extent of regulatory effects on the whole system of individual enzymes according to their kinetic data, in rat liver and muscle. Hexokinase or glucose-6-phosphate addition to the system with glucose as substrate increases lactate production rate by 2.5 in liver and by 10 in muscle, which suggest glucose phosphorylation step is a limiting step in this system. Fructose 2,6-bisphosphate addition to the system increases lactate production rate in liver only when glucose is the substrate, but not with glucose-6-phosphate as substrate. There is a linear relationship between glycolytic activity, as lactate produced per min and protein quantity, which suggests that this system can also be used to assay glycolytic activity in tissue extracts. Specific glycolytic activity found, as mumol of L-lactate produced per min, per protein mg was 0.1 for muscle and 0.01 for liver. PMID- 6233196 TI - Cloning and sequencing of the gene encoding NADP-specific glutamate dehydrogenase in Neurospora crassa. PMID- 6233197 TI - Genes for bacterial and mitochondrial ATP synthase. PMID- 6233198 TI - The influence of genetic background on the susceptibility of inbred mice to streptozotocin-induced diabetes. AB - Multiple low-dose injections of streptozotocin (STZ) induce a delayed but progressively increasing state of hyperglycemia in mice. Different inbred strains of mice show different susceptibility to this treatment. We examined whether genetic factors associated with the H-2 complex influence the susceptibility or resistance, using a selected group of 12 inbred and 5 congenic resistant strains of mice. We found that different congenic strains differed significantly in their susceptibility to STZ-induced diabetes, suggesting that H-2-associated genes do influence the susceptibility. However, at least some inbred strains sharing the same H-2 haplotype also differed in their susceptibility, indicating that genes outside the H-2 complex may also affect the susceptibility. Therefore, there appear to be at least two genes, one within and one or more outside the H-2 complex, that determine the susceptibility to multiple low doses of STZ. PMID- 6233199 TI - Pathogenesis of skin lesions caused by sulfur mustard. AB - Sulfur mustard (SM) (di-2-chlorethyl sulfide), used for chemical warfare in World War I, is a highly reactive radiomimetic alkylating agent. When applied to the skin of rabbits and guinea pigs, it produced vascular leakage, leukocyte infiltration, and slow death of basal epidermal cells. Thirty to sixty minutes after exposure to SM, injury to the superficial microvasculature (beneath the SM application site) was detected by measuring vascular leakage with Evans blue dye and also with horseradish peroxidase. At this same time, injury to the superficial fibroblasts was observed ultrastructurally; and an unexpectedly high percentage of basophils was found among the early infiltrating granulocytes. At 2 to 4 hr, the vascular leakage ceased, and had resumed by 8 hr in a more diffuse form. At this time, the basal epidermal cells showed pyknotic nuclei, an increase in their lysosomal enzymes (observed histochemically), and autophagic vacuoles (observed ultrastructurally). Leukocyte infiltration was marked, consisting mostly of heterophils (PMN) with a reduced percentage of basophils. During the next 24 to 72 hr, the entire inflammatory reaction reached its peak; and a superficial, crust-covered ulcer developed. Then, over the next 10 days, the lesion gradually subsided with concomitant repair and healing. Glucocorticosteroids decreased the early edematous phase, but did not affect the rate of healing. These findings suggest that the skin response to sulfur mustard has an immediate and a delayed phase. The immediate phase, i.e., within the first hour, was characterized by injury to the superficial fibroblasts and to the endothelium of superficial capillaries and venules, possibly because of direct damage to their cell membranes. At this time, a restricted vascular leakage and a selective granulocyte infiltration containing many basophils occurred. The delayed phase, which became evident after 8 hr, was characterized by the death of basal epidermal cells, probably because of DNA damage. This phase was accompanied by generalized vascular leakage, by massive heterophil immigration, and eventually by ulceration. PMID- 6233200 TI - Host-mediated antitumor effect of DMG, a degraded D-manno-D-glucan from Microellobosporia grisea culture fluid. AB - DMG, a new polysaccharide with a well-characterized structure, isolated from the culture filtrate of an actinomycetes and then degraded by acid treatment, was tested for antitumor activity on allogeneic and syngeneic tumors in mice. In the allogeneic Ehrlich solid tumor system, DMG showed antitumor activity over a wide dose range, its optimal dose being 10-100 mg/kg. The optimal time of DMG administration was 1-2 weeks after tumor inoculation, but DMG was also effective when given before tumor inoculation. DMG was effective when given ip, sc, it (intratumorally) or iv. DMG also had antitumor effects on syngeneic tumors. It rapidly inhibited the growth of MM46 mammary carcinoma, MH134 hepatoma, and Meth A fibrosarcoma, and also inhibited spontaneous pulmonary metastases of B16-BL6 melanoma. However, it had no direct cytocidal action on tumor cells in vitro. Its antitumor activity was much less in athymic nude mice and in mice immunosuppressed by whole-body X-irradiation than in normal hosts.Thus, DMG was shown to exert antitumor activity via host-mediated mechanisms. Its antitumor activity is discussed in comparison with those of other antitumor polysaccharides. PMID- 6233201 TI - Dental considerations in acquired immune deficiency syndrome: AIDS. PMID- 6233202 TI - Unintentional contact with an AIDS victim. PMID- 6233203 TI - Surface smoothness of three esthetic restorative materials: a SEM study. PMID- 6233205 TI - [Effect of the polymerase activity of DNA polymerase I on the development of the temperate bacteriophages Mu, lambda red- and lambda red-gam-. I. The effect of the polymerase activity of DNA polymerase I on the development of bacteriophages lambda red- and lambda red-gam-]. AB - Phages lambda c1857 red3 and lambda bio10 in Escherichia coli K-12 cells with impaired function of DNA-polymerase I polymerizing activity are shown to restore their normal development level when exonucleases V and I are removed from cells. In other words, an indirect involvement of DNA-polymerase I in the development of phages lambda defective in general recombination systems and gene gam functions has been established. A probability of DNA-polymerase I participation in the recombination stage of phage lambda development in E. coli K-12 cells is discussed. PMID- 6233204 TI - [Glissonitis. Painful inflammation of the right hypochondrium]. PMID- 6233206 TI - [Taste sensitivity for phenylthiocarbamide among the population of western Kazakhstan]. AB - The sensitivity to phenyl thiocarbamide was studied in 405 people of Kazakh nationality and in 161 people of Russian nationality (males and females), the students of the Institute. 23.9% of the former proved non-sensitive, the gene frequency "t" being 0.490. Among the latter these values were 28.6% and 0.535, respectively. PMID- 6233207 TI - Alterations of the capping phenomenon on lymphocytes from aged and Down's syndrome subjects. AB - The redistribution with the time of concanavalin A (Con A) receptors at one pole of the cell after addition of FITC-Con A - so-called capping - in the peripheral blood lymphocytes from 13 aged subjects (mean: 84 +/- 1 years old), and of 16 noninstitutionalized patients affected by a syndrome of precocious aging, such as Down's syndrome (mean: 17 +/- 2 years old), was studied and compared with a group of 15 normal young people (mean: 23 +/- 2 years old). An opposite alteration in the percentage of capped cells, i.e. a decrease in aged subjects and an increase in Down's syndrome patients, was observed. A derangement of lymphocyte membrane fluidity appears to be present in both groups even if the underlying biochemical defect may be different. However, a similar alteration of the kinetics of the phenomenon was present either in aged or in Down's syndrome subjects. Both groups did not show any significant increase with time of the percentage of capped cells, suggesting that they were lacking a lymphocyte subpopulation(s) which start capping later. PMID- 6233209 TI - A method to increase the volume of sample applied to isoelectric focusing gels. AB - Isoelectric focusing of extracts from diluted or aged bloodstains may be more successfully accomplished with larger sample volumes applied to the gel. A technique is described using teflon tubing to apply larger sample volumes (up to 100 microliters) to isoelectric focusing (IEF) gels. This method is reproducible and easy to perform. PMID- 6233208 TI - RIA evaluation of antibody levels in neonates from HBsAg-positive mothers after active, passive, and combined immunoprophylaxis. AB - We evaluated the anti-HBs titers in 20 babies born to HBsAg-positive mothers and receiving different programs designed to prevent hepatitis B. Passive prophylaxis by HBIG for 6 months assured detectable antibody levels in the same period. 3 months after the last injection we could detect antibodies in 5 out of 9 cases. In no case could we detect antibodies 6 months after the last dose. Active prophylaxis by hepatitis B vaccine was able to raise anti-HBs response in 8 out of 12 babies after two or three very small doses (1.25 micrograms of antigen). 2 of these babies were given the first dose at birth. Small doses of vaccine were immunogenic in the presence of passive antibodies. PMID- 6233210 TI - [Treatment of immunologic diseases using plasma separation. Proven and unproved indications]. AB - By experienced specialists plasma separation can be applied without any serious complications. It can be expected that in future specific principles of plasmapheresis for the elimination of pathogenetic agents will be developed. Even if the exact mechanism of action of this therapeutical principle is is not yet known in all details, plasma separation is indicated as a therapeutic emergency measure in patients with autoaggressive diseases especially in case the patient is endangered by marked progression of the disease and by the failure of conservative therapy with immunosuppressive agents. So far we have treated 48 patients with 206 plasma exchanges, most ot them because of immune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematodes and immunvascultits . PMID- 6233211 TI - [A catamnestic follow-up of a compensation neurosis study]. AB - The article reports on the results of a follow-up examination of 25 applicants for a social insurance pension who had been thoroughly examined 2 to 4 years earlier because of a suspicion of compensation neurosis (see Fortschritte Neurol . Psychiatr . 50 (1982) 207-214).--Two-thirds of the 24 still living persons were followed up by means of a questionnaire; in one-half of the patients, it was possible to study the court files. It was shown that comprehensive information within the framework of a psychiatric expertise which includes a personally investigated biographical anamnesis under psychological aspects of neurosis research and examination based on test psychology, usually results in rapid termination of the lawsuits involved, with mutual consent. This is a particularly interesting point, since in all cases the lawsuits instituted by the claimants had been going on for several years. PMID- 6233212 TI - Hypersensitivity of gastric parietal cells to selective H2-receptor stimulation in duodenal ulcer. AB - According to previous studies, duodenal ulcer patients not only secrete more acid than normal subjects, but are also more sensitive to pentagastrin stimulation. The aim of this study was to investigate whether hypersensitivity of parietal cells also occurs with specific H2-receptor agonists such as impromidine. Twelve duodenal ulcer patients and 12 healthy volunteers were admitted to the study. After 30 minutes of basal secretion, impromidine was infused at increasing doses (2.5; 5.0; 10.0; 20 micrograms/kg-1/h-1) in both groups of subjects. The gastric acid secretion was significantly higher in the duodenal ulcer group. The percentage, for each dose, of the calculated maximal response (CMR) was always higher in the patient group, and the difference with respect to the control group, was always higher in the patient group, and the difference, with respect to the control group, was statistically significant. Also, the average D50 was significantly lower in the duodenal ulcer group. Drug safety evaluation confirmed the presence of reversible dose-dependent pharmacological side effects. This study showed that parietal cells are more sensitive to highly selective H2 receptor agonists such as impromidine. These results add further information to the physiopathological features of duodenal ulcer. PMID- 6233214 TI - A 'Baby Doe' call and its consequences. PMID- 6233213 TI - Langerhans' cells and T cells in human skin tumours: an immunohistological study. AB - In this study normal skin and a range of skin tumours, both benign and malignant, have been examined using monoclonal antibodies to identify the distribution and morphology of Langerhans' cells and T cells, the distribution of T lymphocytes and their subsets have been analysed using monoclonal anti-T cell antibodies. The results indicated that Langerhans' cells can be reliably identified in both normal and malignant skin biopsies using monoclonal antibodies. A striking finding to emerge was that in benign skin lesions Langerhans' cells were increased, whereas in malignant tumours they were not only markedly depleted or absent but also grossly stunted and deformed in outline. The majority of lymphocytes surrounding these skin tumours were shown to be T cells with helper cells outnumbering suppressor cells by a ratio from 2 to 5:1. This study shows the usefulness of immunohistological techniques using monoclonal antibodies for examining the morphology and distribution of Langerhans' cells in skin pathology. In addition they are particularly appropriate for identifying their topographical relationships with other immunologically important cells such as T cells. PMID- 6233215 TI - Characteristics of temperature regulation and the circulation during prolonged exposure to low temperatures. PMID- 6233216 TI - Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. PMID- 6233218 TI - MLR-like reaction between axial organ cells from asterids. AB - The uptake of [3H]thymidine by axial organ (AO) cells arising from two starfishes and mixed together, in a ratio of 50/50 was studied. Mixed leucocyte reaction (MLR) combinations gave a positive response at the fifth day of culture in about 20% of the tested combination (index: 1.8-6.7). No positive reaction was observed in an allogeneic system. More significant results seem to be obtained with the nonadherent nylon-wool subpopulation cells from the two species, rather than with the whole axial organ cells. PMID- 6233217 TI - Monoclonal antibody analysis of responder and stimulator cells in the human autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction. AB - Responder and stimulator cell subpopulations in the autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction (AMLR) were determined with the OK series of monoclonal antibodies. Mitomycin-C-treated, monocyte-enriched cell populations were used as stimulator cells in the AMLR. Treatment of these monocytes with either OKM and/or OKI monoclonal antibodies and complement resulted in a marked loss of ability of these cells to act as stimulators in the AMLR. Removal of OKT3+ and OKT4+ cells diminished the proliferative responses of AMLR cultures. Interaction of T cells with autologous monocytes resulted in generation of cells capable of suppressing both MLR and AMLR cultures. The suppressor activity of these cells was diminished by treatment with OKI , OKT4 or OKT8 monoclonal antibodies. No cytotoxic activity to autologous or allogeneic monocytes was observed. Additional studies showed an increased number of OKT9 + and OKI + as well as OKT8+ T cells in the AMLR responder cell population. This study indicates that cultures of T lymphocytes with autologous monocytes yield T cell subset(s) which suppress MLR and AMLR reactivity. PMID- 6233219 TI - The relationship between mouse thymocyte receptors for syngeneic and allogeneic erythrocytes and receptors for IgG. AB - Mouse thymocytes lose the affinity for syngeneic erythrocytes in the rosette formation test after heating in the isotonic medium for 1 h at 45 degrees. The thymocyte receptors for syngeneic erythrocytes appear in the medium after heating. The rosetting of heated and washed thymocytes is restored after incubation with the supernatant obtained from heating in medium thymocytes. The receptors for allogeneic erythrocytes were not separated from thymocytes under the same conditions of heating and washing. The receptors for syngeneic erythrocytes separated by heating can be adsorbed on the column with IgG Sepharose conjugate and probably are connected with the receptors for Fc portion of IgG. PMID- 6233220 TI - Human T-cell subset changes during culture. AB - When human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) are cultured with either concanavalin A (Con A)-treated or control autologous T lymphocytes, the mitogenic responses of the PBL co-cultured with Con A-treated cells are much lower. We have investigated the cell surface receptor changes during culture of T cells with and without mitogen in an attempt to explain this differential regulatory phenomenon. We present data here which show that human T cells cultured in complete medium alone gain helper cells with time. Con A-treated T cells are known to lose helper cells during culture. Erythrocyte rosette-purified T cells were cultured with or without Con A for 84 h and the numbers of cells with receptors for the Fc regions of either IgM (T mu) or IgG (T gamma) were enumerated daily. T mu cells have been associated with helper activity while T gamma cells have predominantly suppressor activity. Treatment with 10 micrograms/ml of Con A decreased T mu by approximately 50%. Untreated cells, however, showed significant increases in T mu (44 +/- 30.5% in twelve individuals). The great variance in T mu increases is due to the fact that individuals having higher initial T mu values showed smaller increases. These changes probably represent the gain or loss of receptors because total cell numbers did not change. There was no significant change in the number of T gamma cells in either control or Con A-treated cultures during the same 84 h period. In co-culture experiments in which the responses of fresh autologous PBL were determined, 60-h control T-cell cultures enhanced the mitogen responses of the fresh cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6233221 TI - The effect of cimetidine treatment on suppressor T cells in duodenal ulcer patients. AB - Changes in the suppressor T-lymphocyte activity were studied in 11 patients with duodenal ulcer during treatment with cimetidine. The drug was administered intravenously in a dose of 200 mg four times a day for a fortnight. Suppressor T cell activity was determined by the Shou et al. method using two-stage culture before treatment, after 4 days of the treatment, just before drug withdrawal, and 2 days and 2 wk after the treatment. Suppressor T-cell activity significantly decreased soon after starting the treatment, remained low throughout the treatment, and rapidly and significantly increased following drug withdrawal. PMID- 6233222 TI - C3b receptor (CR1) on erythrocytes in various diseases. AB - Complement receptor for C3b (CR1) on erythrocytes was investigated in various diseases by immune adherence hemagglutination (IAHA) using aggregated human IgG. In normal controls, 21 out of 312 (6%) revealed defective CR1 reactivity, and there was no difference in the prevalence of defective CR1 reactivity between female (11/157, 7%) and male (10/155, 6%). Among diseases examined significantly high prevalence of defective reactivity of CR1 on erythrocytes was seen in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) (22/30, 73%) and malignancy of hematopoietic system, especially in acute myelogenous leukemia (AML)(6/11, 55%). PMID- 6233224 TI - Chairside procedures to reduce neck and back ache. PMID- 6233223 TI - Mechanisms of genetic control of immune responses. I. Evidence for distinct multi step helper T-cell pathways in cellular and humoral responses to GAT. AB - We examined multiple genetically regulated humoral and cell-mediated immune (CMI) responses to poly( glu60ala30tyr10 ) (GAT) using a panel of mouse strains. We show that assignment of responder/nonresponder status depends upon the assay method. In addition, two distinct categories of nonresponder mice were found: (1) those which are unresponsive by all parameters tested (H-2q and H-2s haplotypes) and (2) those which are partially nonresponsive [H-2bm12 mutant strain--a low/nonresponder by splenic plaque-forming cell (PFC) and delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) responses, but exhibits B6 parental levels of high GAT specific T-cell proliferation ( Tprlf ) and interleukin-2 production]. The distinction between these two nonresponder types was confirmed by complementation tests in which significant GAT-specific PFC and DTH responses were seen in (H-2q X H-2bm12)F1 hybrids, but not in (H-2q X H-2s)F1 hybrids. Suppressor T cells (Ts) also play a selective role in nonresponsiveness to GAT. Cyclophosphamide treatment of nonresponders (to eliminate Ts activity) as well as immunization with GAT coupled to the immunogenic carrier MBSA result in the development of GAT specific humoral, but not CMI responses. Our results indicate that the T cell is the cellular site of Ir gene expression and that Tprlf responses do not correlate with functional helper T-cell activity and suggest distinct, multi-step Th/Ts regulatory pathways in the development of humoral and CMI effector functions. PMID- 6233225 TI - Clinical isolates of Streptococcus mutans serotype c with altered colony morphology due to fructan synthesis. AB - Streptococcus mutans MT6801 , MT6861 , and MT6879 , which form large mucoid colonies on mitis salivarius agar, were isolated from a mother and her two daughters. These isolates were identified as serotype c by immunodiffusion with serotype-specific antisera. The large colonies formed on sucrose-containing agar were found to contain water-soluble fructan . The cell-free fructosyltransferase ( FTase ) activity of the strains which formed large colonies was five to eight times higher than that of serotype c S. mutans which produced small, rough colonies typical of this serotype. Furthermore, greater quantities of fructan were synthesized from sucrose by growing cells of MT6801 when compared with MT8148 , a typical serotype c S. mutans. Glucosyltransferase and FTase could be isolated by chromatofocusing from culture supernatants of MT6801 and MT8148 . The FTase activity of both strains was eluted at pH 4.5, and glucosyltransferase was released by elution with an NaCl linear gradient. The eluted FTase activity of MT6801 was significantly higher than that of MT8148 . Strains MT6861 and MT6879 were also found to possess a similar property in terms of FTase activity. These results suggest that formation of large mucoid colonies by these strains is a consequence of high FTase activity. PMID- 6233227 TI - Primary but not metastatic human melanomas expressing DR antigens stimulate autologous lymphocytes. AB - Lymphocytes from melanoma patients were stimulated in mixed culture with autologous tumor cells (MLTC) in order to evaluate lymphocyte proliferation and subsequent cytotoxicity on autologous melanoma cells. It was found that melanoma cells from lymph node metastases were unable to induce autologous tumor-cytotoxic cells in 21 cases examined, in 15 of which MLTC also failed to induce lymphocyte proliferation. Patients' lymphocytes, however, were significantly stimulated by allogeneic irradiated lymphocytes and by interleukin 2. To investigate whether the lack of autologous stimulation was restricted to metastatic cells, the immune response of patients with only primary lesions of malignant melanoma was evaluated. It was found that primary melanoma cells were able to induce proliferation in 7 out of 9 (77%) patients, whereas positive cytotoxicity was obtained in 2 out of 4 patients tested. In order to see whether the presence of DR molecules was important for the stimulatory activity, melanoma cells were examined for the expression of DR antigens by indirect immunofluorescence with monoclonal antibodies. Positive autologous MLTC was found in all of six DR+ primary melanomas, whereas the two DR-tumors were unable to stimulate autologous lymphocytes. An anti-DR but not an anti-DC monoclonal antibody was able to block the proliferation of lymphocytes induced by an autologous primary melanoma. Neither MLTC nor cell-mediated killing was obtained with either DR+ or DR metastatic melanoma. In 60% of the cases tested, however, DR+ metastatic melanoma cells were able to stimulate allogeneic lymphocytes of normal individuals. Increased expression of DR antigens was induced by in vitro treatment with human gamma-interferon in metastatic tumor cells; this caused an increase in the proliferation of allogeneic but not autologous lymphocytes. These findings indicate that primary but not metastatic DR+ melanoma cells are able to activate the proliferation and cytotoxicity of autologous peripheral blood lymphocytes, suggesting a potential role of DR antigens in regulating tumor-host relationships in melanoma patients. PMID- 6233226 TI - Phagocytosis, peritoneal influx, and enzyme activities in peritoneal macrophages from germfree, conventional, and ex-germfree mice. AB - Peritoneal macrophages from germfree mice showed a higher basic activity of lysosomal enzymes than did macrophages from conventional mice, whereas oil induced peritoneal influx, induction of lysosomal enzymes, and phagocytosis via the C3b receptor after endotoxin stimulation were reduced or absent. After germfree mice had been housed with conventional mice for 1 week, peritoneal influx and C3b receptor-mediated phagocytosis reached normal levels; after 4 weeks, enzyme activities also reached normal levels. PMID- 6233228 TI - Effects of labetalol on left ventricular mass and function in hypertension--an assessment by serial echocardiography. AB - We determined echocardiographic (M-mode) indices of left ventricular mass and function serially at 1-month intervals in 10 patients with uncomplicated mild or moderate essential hypertension, before and after adequate control of blood pressure with labetalol, a combined alpha- and beta-receptor blocking agent. Seven patients had pretreatment echocardiographic evidence of left ventricular hypertrophy with disproportionate septal thickness in 4. Systolic blood pressure in the untreated state correlated well (r = 0.96) with left ventricular mass but poorly (r = 0.30) with diastolic pressure. Following a satisfactory blood pressure reduction, achieved in all patients, left ventricular mass decreased from 240.5 +/- 71.1 g to 159.5 +/- 40.7 g (P less than 0.01), interventricular septal thickness from 1.33 +/- 0.3 cm to 0.92 +/- 0.25 cm (P less than 0.01) and posterior wall thickness from 1.03 +/- 0.23 cm to 0.93 +/- 0.23 cm (P less than 0.05). While the maximum changes in left ventricular mass were noted by the end of first month (P less than 0.01) with insignificant changes thereafter, the correlation of fall in blood pressure with change in left ventricular mass was significant only after 2 months of treatment (P less than 0.05). Indices of left ventricular function (end-diastolic volume, ejection fraction, fractional diameter shortening, left atrial dimension and posterior aortic wall motion) were normal before treatment and remained unchanged during 3 months of treatment. In this short-term study, labetalol reduced left ventricular hypertrophy (expressed as left ventricular mass and wall thickness) without altering left ventricular function indices in patients with uncomplicated essential hypertension. This has important implications in the treatment of hypertensive patients. PMID- 6233229 TI - Cardiac size and function in Paget's disease of bone. AB - We performed non-invasive assessment of cardiac size and function by clinical criteria, standard electrocardiography, chest X-ray, systolic time intervals and echo-cardiography in 27 patients with Paget's disease of bone and in 20 control subjects. The patients were divided into two groups on the basis of the degree of skeletal involvement (less than 15% in Group I and greater than 15% in Group II). No differences in heart size parameters of left ventricular performance were noted between Group I and controls. Cardiomegaly, increased left ventricular diastolic dimension and increased left ventricular mass indicative of ventricular hypertrophy were found in Group II compared to control subjects. In addition, patients with more extensive skeletal involvement had signs of depressed myocardial contractility, increased left ventricular volumes in diastole and systole and enlarged stroke volume, with no differences in echographic cardiac output compared to Group I and controls. The findings show an above normal incidence of cardiac enlargement and disturbed left ventricular performance in patients with Paget's disease and osseous lesions in greater than 15% of skeleton. The clinical implications of the altered cardiac function in patients with Paget's disease are briefly discussed. PMID- 6233230 TI - Correction of an in vitro immunoregulatory defect in atopic subjects by the immunostimulating drug fanetizole mesylate (CP-48,810). AB - The effect of Fanetizole mesylate or CP-48,810, a new immunostimulating drug, on suppressor cell function and IgE synthesis in vitro was evaluated in atopic patients with allergic rhinitis and/or asthma and eczema. In the absence of the drug, histamine (10(-3)M) stimulated blood mononuclear cells from 23 atopic patients suppressed concanavalin A-induced lymphocyte proliferation by a mean (+/ S.E.M.) of 9.3% +/- 3.5 (compared to 25.1% +/- 2.7 for histamine stimulated mononuclear cells from non-atopic controls). The addition of the drug (2.5 X 10( 4)M) in vitro significantly increased histamine suppressor cell activity of atopic patients to 26.6% +/- 3.9 (compared to 24.7% +/- 2.8 for control cells in the presence of the drug). In order to determine a possible mechanism through which CP-48,810 might enhance histamine-induced suppressor activity, we examined the effects of the drug on the production of histamine-induced suppressor factor (HSF) by lymphocytes and the production of prostaglandin E2 by blood monocytes in the presence of HSF. Supernatants generated from histamine (10(-4)M) stimulated patient lymphocytes caused a 9.0% +/- 1.8 suppression of concanavalin A-induced lymphocyte proliferation (compared to 25.0% +/- 3.1 caused by supernatants from normal subjects). If the drug (2.5 X 10(-4)M) was added at the beginning of culture, HSF activity in supernatants derived from atopic lymphocytes increased significantly to 20.2% +/- 1.8 (compared to 23.3% +/- 3.9 for drug treated control supernatants). Prostaglandin E2 production by atopic monocytes exposed to HSF was less than that of normal monocytes in the absence of the drug.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6233231 TI - Inhibitory mechanisms of 5-fluorodeoxyuridine on mitogen-induced blastogenesis of lymphocytes. AB - 5-Fluorodeoxyuridine inhibited DNA synthesis of mitogen-stimulated T and B cells as determined by either incorporation of 3H-thymidine to the cells or measure of DNA content in the cells by microdensitometry. 5-Fluorodeoxyuridine concentrations necessary to inhibit DNA synthesis by 50% in the stimulated cultures were high (2 micrograms/ml and 7 micrograms/ml for B and T cells, respectively). Addition of exogenous thymidine (100 micrograms/ml) partially reversed the inhibition of DNA synthesis by 5-fluorodeoxyuridine (10 micrograms/ml). These data indicate that lymphocytes possess a mechanism of resistance to inhibition of thymidilate synthetase by 5-fluorodeoxyuridine. On the other hand, the inhibition of mitogen-induced blastogenesis is not only mediated by an effect on thymidilate synthetase but could also be mediated by other mechanisms, such as inhibition of nucleic acid precursor transport into the cells. PMID- 6233232 TI - Bacteriology and acne. PMID- 6233233 TI - Blepharoconjunctivitis. AB - Most patients with chronic blepharoconjunctivitis will fall into one of the four seborrheic groups or the primary meibomianitis group. With all of these, there appears to be a predisposition to develop an abnormality in sebaceous glands, as manifested by the fact that such patients have clinically diagnosable seborrheic dermatitis or acne rosacea. These patients tend to develop an abnormality of either the anterior portion of the eyelid with involvement of the gland of Zeis or the posterior portion of the eyelid with involvement of the meibomian glands. Patients in the staphylococcal group are typically younger, a higher percentage are female, and they have a history of symptoms for a relatively shorter period of time. It is only in this latter group that one can hope for a cure with therapy, whereas in the other groups one must aim for control of the disease process. The diagnosis of the various types of blepharoconjunctivitis is important not only because it directs therapy, but also because it gives both the physician and patient an idea about the prognosis. Laboratory evaluation in these patients appears to be of limited value; only in the staphylococcal and mixed seborrheic-staphylococcal group is a pathogen found in the form of S. aureus. The other organism that may contribute directly to disease is S. epidermidis. The antibiotic susceptibility patterns of these two organisms are fairly consistent, and so it is not necessary to culture them to determine antibiotic sensitivities: The majority are sensitive to both bacitracin and erythromycin ointments, as well as the aminoglycosides. Attempts to identify Demodex or to obtain conjunctival scrapings for cytology have not proved helpful. Therefore, the diagnosis is a clinical one and, from a practical standpoint, laboratory evaluation is not required for either diagnosis or management. Therapy for each case of chronic blepharoconjunctivitis must be tailored to the individual and based on the type and severity of blepharoconjunctivitis present. The mainstays in therapy are mechanical and hygienic (i.e., warm compresses and eyelid scrubs ). The use of topical antibiotics must be based on the sensitivities of the likely pathogens (i.e., S. aureus and S. epidermidis). Therefore, while sulfonamides would not appear to be appropriate therapy, bacitracin, erythromycin, or the aminoglycosides are effective antibiotics. The therapy is topical, with the exception of the rare and more severe case of seborrheic blepharoconjunctivitis with secondary meibomianitis and all cases of primary meibomianitis (meibomian keratoconjunctivitis).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6233234 TI - Nonsurgical treatment of subclavian steal syndrome by percutaneous transluminal angioplasty. PMID- 6233235 TI - On the effect of aliphatic saturated dicarboxylic acids on anaerobic glycolysis in chicken embryo. AB - Oxalic, succinic, glutaric and pimelic acid (5 mM) had no effect on lactate formation from glucose if added to a crude extract of chicken embryo at the same time as substrate and cofactors; conversely malonic, adipic, suberic, azelaic and sebacic acid had an inhibitory effect ranging from 20% to 35%. When the enzyme preparation was pre-incubated with the dicarboxylic acids for one hour before beginning the experiments, all compounds tested, with the exception of succinate, inhibited anaerobic glycolysis. Hexokinase activity was significantly reduced by saturated dicarboxylic acids from C3 to C10, but not by oxalic acid. Phosphofructokinase was inhibited only by oxalic, pimelic and suberic acid. Pyruvate kinase appeared sensitive only to oxalic acid (64% inhibition). PMID- 6233236 TI - Health and medical problems in infants with Down's syndrome. PMID- 6233237 TI - Know your organizations: the Down's Children's Association. PMID- 6233238 TI - The fibre type composition of the striated muscle of the oesophagus in ruminants and carnivores. AB - The fibre type composition of the striated muscle layer of the oesophagus of the cow, sheep, donkey, dog and cat was examined with standard histochemical methods and immunohistochemical staining using type-specific antimyosin sera. The heavy chain and light chain composition of oesophageal myosin was also examined using electrophoretic peptide mapping and 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis respectively. In the ruminants and donkey the oesophagus was composed of fibre types I, IIA and IIC with immunohistochemical characteristics identical to those of the same fibre types found in control skeletal muscle. In the ruminants there was a gradient in the proportion of type I fibres from 1% (at the cervical end) to about 30% (at the caudal end). In the carnivores the oesophageal muscle was composed of a very small percentage of type I and IIC fibres, but the predominant type was very different histochemically and immunohistochemically from all the fibre types (I, IIA, IIB, IIC) present in the control muscles. This oesophageal fibre type ( IIoes ) had an acid- and alkaline-stable m-ATPase activity, a moderate histochemical Ca-Mg actomyosin ATPase activity, and reacted weakly with anti-IIA and anti-IIB myosin sera. Although the light chains of the IIoes myosin were the same as the light chains of a mixture of IIA and IIB myosins, their respective heavy chains gave different peptide maps. Greater differences were obtained between the heavy chains of IIoes and other striated muscle myosins. These observations lead us to conclude that this predominant fibre type of the carnivore oesophageal striated muscle is of the 'fast' type, and contains a distinct isoform of myosin similar but not identical to the other fast type myosins. PMID- 6233240 TI - Laparoscopy in suspected pelvic inflammatory disease. PMID- 6233239 TI - A monoclonal antibody that blocks class II histocompatibility-related immune interactions. AB - Previous studies using conventional hetero- or isoantisera have indicated the involvement of class II (Ia) molecules in presentation of soluble antigen by monocytes to inducer T lymphocytes, stimulation of inducer T cells in MLR, and recognition of Ia-bearing target cells by cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL). The experience in using monoclonal anti-Ia reagents capable of blocking these phenomena in the human system is limited. Recently, however, we have characterized a lytic IgG2a monoclonal antibody, 9-49, that binds to functionally significant class II molecules. This antibody blocks (in the absence of complement): (1) specific binding of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) to antigen-pulsed monocyte monolayers, (2) proliferation of PBL in response to soluble antigen (tetanus toxoid or mumps) or cell surface class II antigen stimulation in allogeneic or autologous MLR, (3) proliferation of cloned T4+ (inducer) lymphocyte cell lines to class II antigens, (4) generation of cytotoxic lymphocytes during allogeneic MLR, and (5) recognition (and killing) of class II bearing target cells by T4+ CTL clones. Proliferation and CTL activity of a T8+ clone is unaffected by the 9-49 antibody. These results indicate the usefulness of this monoclonal reagent in studies evaluating the functional role of Ia molecules in immune recognition phenomena. PMID- 6233241 TI - Persistent cardiomegaly induced by carbon monoxide and associated tachycardia. AB - To explore the effect of persistent cardiomegaly on cardiovascular function, groups of newborn rats inhaled up to 500 ppm CO for 33 days, after which development continued in ambient air. In the first two experiments hemodynamics were assessed by use of an anesthetized open-chest preparation; in the third experiment heart rate (HR) and arterial systolic blood pressure (BP) were monitored by auscultation in the conscious state. In all three experiments weights of left ventricle (LV) plus interventricular septum (S), both ventricles (2V), and right ventricle (RV) were significantly greater by prediction on the basis of body weight (BW) than for normal rats at 87-97, 166-176, and 337-339 days of age in females and 98-108, 177-183, and 337-339 days of age in males. 2V/BW ratio was significantly greater than littermate controls in all six instances. In all but one case (male, 177-183 days) the RV/(LV+S) weight ratios were significantly greater than the respective control groups. In experiments 1 and 2 unconscious HR was significantly elevated in females at 87-97 days and in males at 98-108 and 177-183 days. The first derivative of LV pressure rise was also increased. There was no significant change in BP or other hemodynamic parameters. In experiment 3 awake HR was elevated above controls in previously CO treated males and females at six monitoring points between 78 and 200 days, whereas BP was not altered. BW of previously CO-exposed males was depressed and returned to normal only after 290 days. A similar decrement in BW was not seen in females. Neonatal CO inhalation and cardiomegaly causes persistent cardiomegaly and tachycardia, lasting a significant fraction of the maximal life span of the rat in both sexes. PMID- 6233243 TI - Rib cage and abdominal contributions to ventilatory response to CO2 in infants. AB - We have measured the ventilatory response to inhaled CO2 of six newborn infants in rapid-eye-movement (REM) and non-REM (NREM) sleep. Ventilatory responses were measured using the Read rebreathing technique. The response was further partitioned into the volume contributions of the rib cage and abdominal compartment using the respiratory inductance plethysmograph. Sleep state was defined by electroencephalogram, electrooculogram, and behavioral criteria. In NREM sleep, there was a highly significant linear correlation between both tidal volume (VT) and instantaneous minute ventilation (VI) with CO2. Among infants, the slope of VT varied from 1.0 to 0.34 ml X Torr-1 X kg-1. However, these differences were largely due to differences in rib cage contribution, which varied from 0.56 to -0.08 ml X Torr-1 X kg-1. The abdominal contribution was similar among infants (0.41-0.56 ml X Torr-1 X kg-1). In REM, the slopes of VI were less steep than in NREM, with greater breath-to-breath variability. Slopes of VT also tended to be lower. The abdominal responses were similar to those in NREM, whereas the rib cage response was low and negative in three studies. We conclude that the slope of the CO2 response curve is primarily determined by the extent of rib cage recruitment. PMID- 6233242 TI - How alterations in pleural pressure influence esophageal pressure. AB - Although esophageal pressures have been substituted for direct pleural pressure measurement in humans, we have investigated the validity of this approach under circumstances when left and right pleural pressures are not equal. Esophageal and bilateral pleural pressures in awake sheep were compared by using matched balloon catheters in close proximity. In standing sheep, both end-expiratory pressures and inspiratory pressure swings were similar in all three catheter systems. However, when pleural pressures were made unequal, as during lateral recumbency or unilateral pneumothorax, the esophageal pressure reflected predominantly the right pleural pressure. These results suggest that esophageal pressures are useful estimates of pleural pressure under normal conditions when pleural pressures are equal bilaterally. However, the usefulness of esophageal pressures is limited in the presence of unilateral pneumothorax or other conditions where left and right pleural pressures are unequal. In the lateral decubitus position, positive end-expiratory pleural pressures were consistently observed. This was believed to be due to a combination of contraction of expiratory muscles, rapid respiratory rate resulting in insufficient expiratory time to reach an equilibrium pressure, and increased airways resistance resulting from compression of the dependent lung by the abdominal viscera. A single study in a paralyzed ventilated sheep showed less positive expiratory pressures, which were further reduced to zero or less when the respiratory rate was slowed to 10 breaths/min. PMID- 6233244 TI - Effects of thoracic volume and shape on electromechanical coupling in abdominal muscles. AB - To assess the effects of lung volume and chest wall configuration on electromechanical coupling of the abdominal muscles, we examined the relationship between abdominal muscle pressure ( Pmus ) and electrical activity ( EMGab ) in eight normal subjects during expiratory efforts at lung volumes ranging from functional residual capacity (FRC) to FRC + 2.0 liters. At and above FRC, increases of lung volume did not significantly alter either the Pmus - EMGab relationship or abdominal surface linear dimensions, although expiratory efforts displaced the abdomen inward from its relaxed position. We attribute the constancy of delta Pmus /delta EMG above FRC to the negligible effects of increasing lung volume on abdominal configuration and muscle length. Expiratory efforts performed at lung volumes below FRC resulted in a wider range of abdominal indrawing . Under these conditions the EMGab required to augment Pmus by 30-40 cmH2O increased as the abdomen was displaced inward. This decrease of delta Pmus /delta EMGab appears to reflect muscle shortening, flattening of the abdominal wall, and possibly deformation of the rib cage. PMID- 6233245 TI - Salutary effect of fall in abdominal pressure during diaphragm paralysis. AB - To examine the mechanical effects of the fall in abdominal pressure (Pab) that occurs during inspiration in diaphragmatic paralysis, we studied lung inflation and rib cage expansion before and after the abdomen was opened in nine spontaneously breathing dogs with bilateral phrenicotomy . We measured Pab, tidal volume, and parasternal electromyographic (EMG) activity during quiet breathing and CO2-induced hyperpnea. In six dogs, we also measured changes in anteroposterior and transverse rib cage diameters, the resting length of the parasternal intercostal muscles, and the amount of shortening of these muscles during inspiration. Opening the abdomen caused a marked reduction in the fall in Pab during inspiration and invariably resulted in a decrease in tidal volume (mean decrease, 13%), which contrasted with marked increases in inspiratory rib cage expansion and in the amount of parasternal intercostal shortening. The procedure, however, did not affect the resting length or inspiratory EMG activity of the parasternals . These findings indicate that although the fall in Pab, which occurs during inspiration in diaphragmatic paralysis, causes paradoxical inward displacement of the ventral abdominal wall, it has a salutary effect on tidal volume. This phenomenon is probably due to the fact that the diaphragm is part of the abdominal wall. PMID- 6233246 TI - Adaptive responses of rats trained with reductions in exercise heart rate. AB - This study was designed to test the hypothesis that rats trained with marked reductions in exercise heart rate respond with adaptations indicative of increased intrinsic myocardial performance. Therefore, we measured changes in maximum work capacity (VO2max), biochemical-functional indexes of cardiac contractile capacity, and skeletal muscle oxidative capacity in normal-trained (NT) rats and in rats trained while receiving the selective cardiac beta 1 blocking drug atenolol (AT). Training consisted of treadmill running at approximately 80% VO2max (untrained) for 1-h duration, 6 days/wk, for a total of 8 wk. Exercise heart rate of the AT group was markedly reduced and averaged 140 beats/min below the NT group for any given session. Compared with sedentary controls, VO2max was increased by 11%, and red vastus lateralis muscle citrate synthase activity was increased by 28% in both AT and NT groups (P less than 0.05). There were no differences between trained and nontrained groups with regard to Ca2+-regulated myofibril adenosinetriphosphatase. In situ derived left ventricular pressure and the maximum rate of left ventricular pressure development were not augmented relative to sedentary control values when the trained hearts were either stimulated inotropically or maximally afterloaded . These findings suggest that maximum exercise capacity can be enhanced in rodents conditioned with and without limited elevation in exercise heart rate; however, this reduction of exercise heart rate acceleration does not provide a stimulus to enhance the intrinsic functional capacity of the rodent heart. PMID- 6233247 TI - Immotile ciliary syndrome in dogs. PMID- 6233248 TI - Norfloxacin: activity against urinary tract pathogens and factors influencing the emergence of resistance. AB - The activity of norfloxacin was investigated in vitro in conventional minimum inhibitory concentration tests, by continuous turbidimetry and in a mechanical model simulating the hydrokinetic conditions that exist in the treatment of bacterial cystitis. The high activity of norfloxacin against virtually all bacterial pathogens isolated from infected urine was confirmed. However, in urine agar (pH 6 X 5) and in DST agar adjusted to pH 5 X 5, the activity was substantially reduced. Turbidimetric experiments indicated that increases in resistance to norfloxacin could be induced easily by sequential subculture, but results obtained in the bladder model, where conditions of exposure more closely resemble those that exist during the treatment of infection, suggest that such resistance is unlikely to arise commonly during treatment. PMID- 6233249 TI - The in-vitro activity of ciprofloxacin compared with that of norfloxacin and nalidixic acid. AB - The in-vitro activity of ciprofloxacin , a new 4-quinolone, was compared with that of norfloxacin and nalidixic acid against recent clinical isolates of medically important bacteria. Overall, ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin had similar spectra of activity, but ciprofloxacin had somewhat greater intrinsic activity against most organisms. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) were in the range 0.004-4 mg/l for Enterobacteriaceae, 0.016-2 mg/l for Pseudomonas spp., 0.004-1 mg/l for Acinetobacter, 0.004-0.016 mg/l for Haemophilus influenzae, 0.001-0.004 for gonococci, 0.004-0.03 mg/l for Cmpylobacter , 0.12-2 mg/l for staphylococci, 0.25-4 mg/l for streptococci, 1-32 mg/l for the Bacteroides fragilis group and mostly in the range 0.25-8 mg/l for other obligate anaerobes. Resistant variants could be selected readily in vitro by culture on any of the three compounds investigated. However, while the MICs of nalidixic acid were high for these variants those of ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin were much lower. PMID- 6233250 TI - In-vitro studies with ciprofloxacin, a new 4-quinolone compound. AB - Ciprofloxacin is a new antibacterial agent of the 4-quinolone group. With an agar dilution technique we compared its activity on 365 clinical isolates with those of norfloxacin, nalidixic acid, ampicillin, mezlocillin, cefadroxil, cefuroxime, ceftazidime, ceftriazone , cefotaxime, latamoxef (moxalactam), and gentamicin. Ciprofloxacin was overall the most active agent tested against aerobic Gram negative species, with the MIC90 values for all species being below 1 mg/l (excepting Providencia stuartii with 4 mg/l), and the large majority being below 0.12 mg/l. Many of the strains were selected on the basis of resistance to beta lactam agents or gentamicin, and ciprofloxacin was also active against these. There was little difference in the activity of ciprofloxacin at inocula of 10(4) or 10(6) cfu. Strains with higher MIC's of the related agents norfloxacin and nalidixic acid were less susceptible to ciprofloxacin . Ciprofloxacin was less active against Gram-positive species (typical MIC90 values were 0.5 or 1 mg/l) and obligate anaerobes (4 mg/l for Bacteroides fragilis). The activity of ciprofloxacin in broth dilution tests was little affected by pH over the range 6.0-8.0, or by human serum or tissue fluid; its activity was reduced by the presence of urine. Binding to human serum protein was 20-28%. Ciprofloxacin was rapidly bacterial in broth at concentrations near to its MICs. By exposure to subinhibitory concentrations of ciprofloxacin it was possible to increase its MIC for bacteria in daily subcultures. The final MIC values after ten days were often about 16-fold greater than those observed initially. PMID- 6233251 TI - Treatment of massive hemoptysis with unilateral lung ventilation and bronchial artery embolization. PMID- 6233252 TI - Dieting and carotenemia--sometimes a cause and effect. PMID- 6233253 TI - Electrocardiogram of the month. Sinus arrhythmia. PMID- 6233254 TI - Nerve entrapment syndromes. PMID- 6233255 TI - Manifestations of cultural transition presenting as health problems in Southeast Asian refugees. PMID- 6233256 TI - Recent advances in anticonvulsant management of childhood seizure disorders. PMID- 6233257 TI - Circadian rhythm. PMID- 6233258 TI - Derepression of the Azotobacter vinelandii siderophore system, using iron containing minerals to limit iron repletion. AB - Azotobacter vinelandii solubilized iron from certain minerals using only dihydroxybenzoic acid, which appeared to be produced constitutively. Solubilization of iron from other minerals required dihydroxybenzoic acid and the siderophore N,N'-bis-(2,3- dihydroxybenzoyl )-L-lysine ( azotochelin ) or these chelators plus the yellow-green fluorescent siderophore azotobactin . In addition to this sequential production of siderophores, cells also demonstrated partial to hyperproduction relative to the iron-limited control. The iron sources which caused partial derepression of the siderophores caused derepression of all the high-molecular-weight iron-repressible outer membrane proteins except a 77,000 molecular-weight protein, which appeared to be coordinated with azotobactin production. Increased siderophore production correlated with increased production of outer membrane proteins with molecular weights of 93,000, 85,000, and 77,000, but an 81,000-molecular-weight iron-repressible protein appeared at a constant level despite the degree of derepression. When iron was readily available, it appeared to complex with a 60,000-molecular-weight protein believed to form a surface layer on the A. vinelandii cell. PMID- 6233259 TI - A Mu gin complementing function and an invertible DNA region in Escherichia coli K-12 are situated on the genetic element e14. AB - The Gin product catalyzes an inversion of 3,000 base pairs of DNA in the genome of bacteriophage Mu. The orientation of the invertible of G-region determines the host range of the phage. Gin- mutants are complemented by a host function in strain HB101 and several other Escherichia coli K-12 strains. At least three clones in the E. coli gene bank described previously (L. Clarke and J. Carbon, Cell 9:91-99, 1976) contained the gin complementing function. This function, which we named pin, catalyzes an inversion of 1,800 base pairs in the adjacent DNA. The invertible region, named the P-region, together with pin, was further subcloned on pBR322. Conjugation and transduction experiments mapped the pin gene between the genes purB and fabD near position 25 on the E. coli chromosome. Also situated in this region is e14, a cryptic, UV- excisable , genetic element (A. Greener and C.W. Hill, J. Bacteriol . 144:312-321, 1980). We demonstrated that pin and the P-region are part of e 14. The e 14 element was cloned on pBR322 by genetic manipulation techniques in vivo. It has the properties of a defective prophage containing integration and excision functions and a SOS-sensitive repressor. PMID- 6233260 TI - Method for determining whether a gene of Escherichia coli is essential: application to the polA gene. AB - We have developed a general method for determining whether a gene of Escherichia coli is essential for viability. The method requires cloned DNA spanning the gene in question and a reasonably detailed genetic and physical map of the cloned segment. Using this information, one constructs a deletion of the target gene in vitro. For convenience, the deletion can be marked by an antibiotic resistance gene. A DNA segment containing the deletion is then cloned onto an att delta phage lambda vector. Integration of this phage, by homologous recombination at the target locus, and subsequent excision provide an efficient route for crossing the marked deletion onto the bacterial chromosome. Failure to delete the target gene indicates either that the resulting deletion was not viable or that the desired recombinational event did not take place. The use of prophage excision to generate the deletion allows one to estimate the fraction of deletion-producing events by analysis of the other product of the excision, the phage produced on induction of the prophage. In this way one can determine whether failure to recover a particular chromosomal deletion was due to its never having been formed, or, once formed, to its failure to survive. Applying this method to the polA gene, we found that polA is required for growth on rich medium but not on minimal medium. We repeated the experiment in the presence of plasmids carrying functional fragments of the polA gene, corresponding to the 5'-3' exonuclease and the polymerase-3'-5' exonuclease portions of DNA polymerase I. Surprisingly, either of these fragments, in the absence of the other, was sufficient to allow growth on rich medium. PMID- 6233261 TI - Extracellular siderophores from Aspergillus ochraceous. AB - A large number of iron-chelating compounds (siderophores) were isolated from supernatants of iron-deficient cultures of a mold isolate, subsequently identified as Aspergillus ochraceous . Siderophores in their iron chelate form were purified to homogeneity by using Bio-Gel P2, silica gel, and C-18 bonded silica gel (reverse-phase) columns. Most of these compounds, as identified by 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography, belong to the ferrichrome family. The organism produces ferrirubin and ferrichrysin as the predominant and the second major compound (62 and 15% of the total siderophores), respectively. Ferrichrysin appears as the first siderophore in the medium on day 2 of growth. Several of the other siderophores are novel and ranged in quantities from 0.2 to 5% of the total. The trivial names asperchrome A, B1, B2, C, D1, D2, and D3 are proposed for these novel compounds, which are all members of the ferrichrome family, and all but the first one contain a common Orn1 - Orn2 - Orn3 - Ser1 -Ser2-Gly cyclic hexapeptide ring with three dissimilar ornithyl delta-N-acyl groups. Another compound which appeared late in the growth period was similar to fusarinine C ( fusigen ). All of these compounds showed growth factor activity to various extents in bioassays with Arthrobacter flavescens Jg-9. None of these compounds showed antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli or Bacillus megaterium. PMID- 6233263 TI - Mutagenesis of Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora with bacteriophage Mu d1 (Apr lac cts62): construction of his-lac gene fusions. AB - The bacteriophage Mu d1(Apr lac cts62 ) obtained from an Escherichia coli double lysogen carrying the defective Mu d1 phage and a Mu-P1 hybrid phage was utilized as a vector for phage mutagenesis in Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora. Among ampicillin-resistant transductants. 1.4% were auxotrophs. The synthesis of beta galactosidase was derepressed upon starvation for histidine in two different his lac fusion strains. PMID- 6233262 TI - Autogenous transduction of phi 11de in Staphylococcus aureus: transfer and genetic properties. AB - The staphylococcal plasmid phi 11de is capable of transduction in the absence of both a helper bacteriophage and detectable plaque-forming bacteriophage. The mechanism of transfer is distinct from generalized transduction in that it does not transduce chromosomal material and is selective with respect to the plasmid DNA that is transduced. The transductants containing phi 11de have the following characteristics: (i) erythromycin resistance at levels displayed by the donor, (ii) expression of and susceptibility to plasmid incompatibility, (iii) dependence upon the host recombination system during transduction, (iv) complementation of phi 11 mutants, and (v) reactivation of UV-irradiated phage. PMID- 6233264 TI - Repression is relieved before attenuation in the trp operon of Escherichia coli as tryptophan starvation becomes increasingly severe. AB - Expression of the tryptophan operon of Escherichia coli is regulated over about a 500- to 600-fold range by the combined action of repression and attenuation. Repression regulates transcription initiation in response to variation in the intracellular concentration of tryptophan. Attenuation regulates transcription termination at a site in the leader region of the operon in response to changes in the extent of charging of tRNATrp. We measured repression independently of attenuation to ascertain whether these regulatory mechanisms were used differentially by the bacterium as the severity of tryptophan starvation was increased. We found that repression regulated transcription of the operon over the range from growth with excess tryptophan to growth under moderate tryptophan starvation. By contrast, attenuation (termination control) was not relaxed until tryptophan starvation was in the moderate-to-severe range. Thus, attenuation and repression were used to regulate transcription in response to different degrees of tryptophan deprivation. Consistent with this conclusion is the observation that when tryptophan starvation was sufficient to relieve repression 50 to 60%, 65% of the tRNATrp of the bacterium was charged. These findings provide a possible explanation for the existence of only two tryptophan codons in the coding region for the trp leader peptide of Enterobacteriaceae. PMID- 6233265 TI - Genetic control of a structural polymer of the Neurospora crassa cell wall. AB - The heteropolysaccharide present in fraction 1 of the Neurospora crassa cell wall has been characterized in wild-type and morphological mutant strains of this fungus. Single and double mutations have been studied to determine possible genetic interactions controlling the chemical composition of such heteropolysaccharides . Single mutations studied were peak-2, scumbo ( FGSC 49), ragged ( FGSC 296), and crisp -1 ( FGSC 488). Double mutations studied were peak 2, scumbo ( FGSC 419), and ragged crisp -1. In all these strains, the main constituents of the heteropolysaccharide were glucose, mannose and galactose. Glycosidic linkages binding these neutral sugars have been identified by gas liquid chromatography. A chemical structure of fraction I heteropolysaccharide is proposed. The results obtained with double mutants suggest the existence of genetic interactions, such as complementation or additive effects of lesions of different genes, to control the chemical composition and structure of the cell wall and the morphology of N. crassa mycelium. PMID- 6233267 TI - Cloning and expression in Escherichia coli of Serratia marcescens genes encoding prodigiosin biosynthesis. AB - Prodigiosin, the bright red pigment produced by many strains of Serratia marcescens, is synthesized by a bifurcated pathway that terminates in the enzymatic condensation of the two final products, a monopyrrole and a bipyrrole . Sau3A fragments of S. marcescens ( Nima ) DNA were introduced into a strain of Escherichia coli K-12 by use of the cosmid vector pHC79 , and transformed clones were selected based on resistance to ampicillin. Among 879 transformants screened, 2 could be induced to synthesize prodigiosin when supplied with either one or both terminal products of the bifurcated pathway. Data are presented to support the idea that production of prodigiosin is not usually mediated by a plasmid. PMID- 6233266 TI - Characterization of a Streptococcus pneumoniae mutant with altered electric transmembrane potential. AB - It is possible to select transmembrane potential (delta psi)-altered mutants in Streptococcus pneumoniae on the basis of their resistance to the antifolate methotrexate. Comparison of such a mutant strain ( amiA9 ) with its parent was used to evaluate the role of delta psi in the uptake of certain amino acids. The delta psi-dependent uptake of isoleucine, leucine, valine, and asparagine showed a reduced maximum velocity of uptake, and decrease in the transport constant of the energy-dependent, delta psi-independent uptake of lysine, methionine, and glutamine was observed. No reduction of the intracellular pool of ATP or of lactate excretion could be detected in the mutant strain. Moreover, studies on membrane preparations suggest that the phenotype expressed by the amiA mutation is not a consequence of alteration of its ATPase activity or susceptibility to N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide. Therefore, it is unlikely that the amiA mutation affects the H+ F1F0 ATPase which is involved in the establishment of the proton motive force in anaerobic bacteria. We propose that another function contributes to delta psi in S. pneumoniae. The amiA gene may be the structural gene of that function. PMID- 6233268 TI - Mutation prlF1 relieves the lethality associated with export of beta galactosidase hybrid proteins in Escherichia coli. AB - The 42-1 lamB-lacZ gene fusion confers a conditionally lethal, export-dependent phenotype known as maltose sensitivity. A maltose-resistant mutant showing decreased beta-galactosidase activity of the hybrid protein, designated prlF1 (protein localization), was unlinked to the lamB-lacZ fusion. This mutation mapped at 70 min on the Escherichia coli linkage map and conferred maltose resistance, a 30-fold reduction in beta-galactosidase activity, and a 30% decrease in cellular growth rate at 30 degrees C that was independent of the presence of a gene fusion. prlF1 also decreased the beta-galactosidase activity and relieved the maltose sensitivity conferred by fusions of lacZ to the gene specifying the periplasmic maltose-binding protein, malE. The decrease in beta galactosidase activity, however, was specific for exported hybrid proteins. When export of the hybrid protein was blocked by a signal sequence mutation, prlF1 decreased the beta-galactosidase activity only 2.5-fold. Similarly, prlF1 did not affect the beta-galactosidase activity of fusions of lacZ to a gene specifying a nonexported protein, malK. PMID- 6233269 TI - Purification and some properties of beta-transglycosylase of Trichoderma longibrachiatum. AB - A beta-transglycosylase was purified to a homogeneous state from the extract of a wheat bran Koji culture of Trichoderma longibrachiatum by column chromatography. The purified enzyme showed a typical disproportionation reaction with cellopentaose as the substrate, producing a high molecular component (a water insoluble glucan). The enzyme showed neither cellulase nor beta-glucosidase activity. The reaction was optimal at pH 6.0 and 37 degrees C. The molecular weight of the enzyme was estimated to be 11,000 by gel filtration using a TOYOPEARL HW-55F column. The amount of the glucan synthesized by the enzyme increased with prolonged incubation in a reaction with cellopentaose, and soluble cellooligosaccharides, such as cellobiose, cellotriose, cellotetraose, and cellohexaose, were also produced. No glucose was produced in the reaction even when it was carried out for a long time. The total number of molecules (cellooligosaccharides) in the reaction mixture remained at the initial substrate level during the entire reaction. The beta-transglycosylase proved to be a specific transferase showing transfer activity of glucosyl, cellobiosyl, and cellotriosyl moieties from one cellopentaose to an acceptor molecule from cellopentaose upwards with almost 100% efficiency. PMID- 6233270 TI - X-ray diffraction photographs of chicken gizzard G-actin.DNase I complex crystals taken with synchrotron radiation. AB - X-ray diffraction photographs of a chicken gizzard G-actin.DNase I complex crystal have been recorded using the synchrotron radiation beam emitted by the Synchrotron Radiation Source at Daresbury and the Photon Factory at Tsukuba. The resolution limit was extended to 2.4 A and the exposure time was reduced approximately by a factor of 10, when data recorded at the Photon Factory, were compared with those recorded with a conventional rotating-anode source. Using a newly designed Weissenberg camera equipped with a multi-layer line screen, the diffraction data in a 36 degrees oscillation range were recorded on a single film up to 3.5 A resolution. PMID- 6233271 TI - Kinetic mechanism of phosphofructokinase-2 from Escherichia coli. A mutant enzyme with a different mechanism. AB - The kinetic mechanisms of Escherichia coli phosphofructokinase-2 (Pfk-2) and of the mutant enzyme Pfk-2 were investigated. Initial velocity studies showed that both enzymes have a sequential kinetic mechanism, indicating that both substrates must bind to the enzyme before any products are released. For Pfk-2, the product inhibition kinetics was as follows: fructose-1,6-P2 was a competitive inhibitor versus fructose-6-P at two ATP concentrations (0.1 and 0.4 mM), and noncompetitive versus ATP. The other product inhibition patterns, ADP versus either ATP or fructose-6-P were noncompetitive. Dead-end inhibition studies with an ATP analogue, adenylyl imidodiphosphate, showed uncompetitive inhibition when fructose-6-P was the varied substrate. For Pfk-2, the product inhibition studies revealed that ADP was a competitive inhibitor versus ATP at two fructose-6-P concentrations (0.05 and 0.5 mM), and noncompetitive versus fructose-6-P. The other product, fructose-1, 6-P2, showed noncompetitive inhibition versus both substrates, ATP and fructose-6-P. Sorbitol-6-P, a dead-end inhibitor, exhibited competitive inhibition versus fructose-6-P and uncompetitive versus ATP. These results are in accordance with an Ordered Bi Bi reaction mechanism for both enzymes. In the case of Pfk-2, fructose-6-P would be the first substrate to bind to the enzyme, and fructose-1,6-P2 the last product to be released. For Pfk-2, ATP would be the first substrate to bind to the enzyme, and APD the last product to be released. PMID- 6233272 TI - Physical properties and DNA-binding stoichiometry of a 5 S gene-specific transcription factor. AB - A factor ( TFIIIA ) specifically required for transcription of the 5 S RNA gene has been physically and enzymatically characterized in its native state. TFIIIA is a monomer of 38,600 Da with a Stokes radius of 34 A and a sedimentation coefficient of 2.8 S. A calculated frictional ratio of 1.53 indicates that it is highly asymmetric, and suggests the possibility that as little as 1 molecule bound/5 S RNA gene is sufficient to account for the previously documented interaction with the promoter region of the gene. In addition, TFIIIA does not contain any detectable ATPase or protein kinase activity, and its ability to be used in transcription is inhibited by N-ethylmaleimide. Incubation of a 5 S gene containing plasmid with a molar excess of TFIIIA results in the formation of a complex which can be separated from unbound TFIIIA by gel exclusion chromatography. The isolated complex displays a TFIIIA :5 S gene stoichiometry of 1:1, is fully functional when complemented with other transcription components, and is directly dependent upon the presence of a 5 S gene for its formation. Further analyses of requirements for complex formation indicate that the presence of 5 S RNA in the prechromatographic incubation is required to eliminate nonspecific interactions of TFIIIA while at the same time allowing retention of its gene-specific interaction. PMID- 6233273 TI - The structural basis of ankyrin function. I. Identification of two structural domains. AB - The structure of ankyrin, a major linking protein between spectrin and the erythrocyte membrane, was analyzed after restricted proteolytic digestion at 0 degree C. By the use of two-dimensional peptide mapping, we found that tryptic digestion of ankyrin (1 h, 0 degree C) resulted in the production of two nonoverlapping peptides of molecular weights 82,000 and 55,000. The 82,000-dalton peptide had a basic isoelectric point (7.9) and was remarkably sensitive to further proteolytic digestion; after 24 h at 0 degree C, trypsin completely digested this peptide into fragments too small to detect by gel electrophoresis. The 55,000-dalton peptide was neutral (isoelectric point = 6.9-7.2) and more resistant to further proteolytic cleavage. After a 24-h digestion with trypsin at 0 degrees C, the 55,000-dalton peptide was cleaved into two complementary fragments of molecular weight 32,000 and 15,000. Analysis of phosphorylated ankyrin indicated that the phosphates were exclusively found in these two complementary peptides. By comparison with larger fragments, we were able to align the constituent peptides of ankyrin and propose a low resolution model. Ankyrin appears to be a bipolar molecule containing a basic domain of 82,000 daltons and a neutral phosphorylated domain of 55,000 daltons. PMID- 6233274 TI - The structural basis of ankyrin function. II. Identification of two functional domains. AB - Human erythrocyte ankyrin was cleaved by restricted proteolysis at 0 degrees C into two distinct chemical domains. The site on ankyrin that binds spectrin was found to be within a 55,000-dalton domain by spectrin affinity chromatography and co-sedimentation with spectrin in a sucrose gradient. A 32,000-dalton fragment of this domain was prepared (tryptic digest, 0 degrees C, 24 h), separated by gel filtration, and shown to inhibit spectrin binding to the membrane. By comparison with previous two-dimensional peptide maps, the spectrin-binding site was located within this 32,000-dalton fragment near the end of the molecule. The band 3 binding site was identified within an 82,000-dalton domain by binding to a band 3 affinity column. Gel electrophoresis in the absence of detergents confirmed these results and demonstrated that a peptide from the cytoplasmic portion of band 3 retained the capacity to bind the 82,000-dalton domain. The binding properties of the structural domains of ankyrin were correlated with a determination of the affinity constant of the intact molecule. Ankyrin bound with a high affinity to the cytoplasmic portion of band 3 (KD = 8 X 10(-8) M) and to spectrin tetramer (KD = 1 X 10(-7) M) but less so to spectrin dimer (KD = 1 X 10(-6) M). These findings are summarized in a preliminary structural and functional model of ankyrin's role in linking spectrin to the membrane. PMID- 6233275 TI - Calcium-sensitive modulation of the actomyosin ATPase by fodrin. AB - Fodrin, a spectrin-like protein isolated from brain, is a long flexible molecule which binds calmodulin and cross-links F-actin. The effects of fodrin on the actin-activated ATPase of myosin have been examined. When added after ATP, fodrin inhibited the actomyosin ATPase. Two to three times as much fodrin was required for inhibition in the presence of Ca2+ as in its absence. Complete inhibition in the absence of Ca2+ occurred at about one fodrin to 200 actins. Inhibition does not appear to result from fodrin cross-linking F-actin, and, thereby, preventing the myosin filaments from reaching the actin filaments; but cross-linking may promote inhibition by trapping the myosin filaments within the cross-linked F actin. When added before ATP, fodrin stimulated the actomyosin ATPase almost 3 fold in the presence of Ca2+ and by less than 50% in the absence of Ca2+. Stimulation is thought to result from fodrin cross-linking F-actin. After several minutes the stimulations in Ca2+ were greatly reduced, and in the absence of Ca2+ the actomyosin ATPases were substantially inhibited. Whether added before or after ATP, fodrin inhibited the actin-activated ATPase of myosin subfragment 1. This inhibition was also slightly Ca2+ sensitive. PMID- 6233276 TI - On the fidelity of DNA replication. Lack of primer position effect on the fidelity of mammalian DNA polymerases. AB - Mechanisms for the fidelity of DNA replication in eucaryotes are not adequately understood. Certain hypotheses can be tested by examining whether the first nucleotide inserted is incorporated with a significantly higher error rate than subsequent nucleotides. Using synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides, we have measured the effect of primer position on single-base misinsertion frequencies at an amber site in phi X174 DNA. Our results show a lack of position effect, indicating that processivity and the most direct "energy relay" proofreading mechanisms are not important determinants in eucaryotic replication fidelity. PMID- 6233277 TI - Calmidazolium and compound 48/80 inhibit calmodulin-dependent protein phosphorylation and ATP-dependent Ca2+ uptake but not Ca2+-ATPase activity in skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum. AB - Two specific calmodulin antagonists, compound 48/80 and calmidazolium , at concentrations of 10-20 micrograms/ml and 10-20 microM, respectively, inhibited Ca2+ uptake in skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles without affecting Ca2+-ATPase activity. The drugs also inhibited the calmodulin-dependent phosphorylation of 85,000-, 60,000-, and 20,000-dalton proteins, but not the calmodulin-independent phosphorylation of other sarcoplasmic reticulum proteins. The inhibition of phosphorylation of the 60,000-dalton protein closely paralleled the inhibition of Ca2+ uptake. Neither drug affected the passive permeability of the sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane at concentrations up to 5 times the inhibitory dose, and neither drug inhibited Ca2+ uptake into liposomes reconstituted with the purified Ca2+-ATPase. However, calmodulin-dependent reconstitution of Ca2+ uptake in EGTA-extracted sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles was inhibited by 48/80. The results of this study suggest that the calmodulin dependent phosphorylation system plays a functional role in the coupling of ATP hydrolysis and Ca2+ accumulation, perhaps through regulation of Ca2+ release channels in the sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane. Perturbation of phosphorylation by 48/80 and calmidazolium may lead to enhanced Ca2+ release, thereby diminishing Ca2+ accumulation without affecting the Ca2+ uptake mechanism. PMID- 6233278 TI - High affinity, calcium-stimulated adenosine triphosphatase activity in the particulate fraction of rat pancreatic acini. AB - Adenosine triphosphatase activity which is Mg2+-dependent and stimulated by submicromolar concentrations of Ca2+ (as Ca . ATP) was identified in the total particulate fraction of rat pancreatic acini. Half-maximal activity (V0.5) is obtained at 100.1 +/- 6 nM Ca . ATP with a Hill coefficient of 2.2 +/- 0.1 (mean +/- S.E.; n = 4). Maximal activity was 75 +/- 19 pmol of Pi released from ATP minute-1 microgram of membrane protein-1 (mean +/- S.E.; n = 7). High affinity Ca2+-ATPase activity was unaffected by ouabain, Na+, K+, La3+, and added calmodulin. Activity was slightly reduced by ruthenium red (0.1 mM) and by oligomycin (80 micrograms/ml) but was reduced almost 50% by the phenothiazine derivative fluphenazine in a dose-related and Ca2+-dependent manner. Hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl phosphate was 9% of the rate of ATP hydrolysis and was independent of Ca2+ concentration. However, ADP, GTP, UTP, and ITP were hydrolyzed at 76-93% the rate that ATP was hydrolyzed with V0.5 values and Hill coefficients similar to those of Ca . ATP. We conclude that rat pancreatic acini contain an enzyme for active Ca2+ translocation: ATPase activity that is Mg2+ dependent and stimulated by submicromolar concentrations of Ca . ATP. Substrate hydrolysis appears to involve positive cooperative interactions of multiple ligand-binding sites and may be regulated in part by calmodulin. PMID- 6233279 TI - Characterization of H-protein, a component of skeletal muscle myofibrils. AB - H-protein, a rabbit skeletal muscle myofibrillar component, was isolated and characterized. Its content in the myofibril is about 0.3 to 0.4%. H-protein is located at a specific site in the A-band, which is closer to the M-line than the C-protein zone. Anti-H-protein serum does not react with either C-protein or purified myosin in an Ouchterlony immunodiffusion plate. Immunoblotting experiments show H-protein is an intrinsic component of the myofibril. Its molecular weight, estimated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, is 74,000. One characteristic of its amino acid composition is a high proline content, similar to C-protein. Its sedimentation coefficient is 2.5 S. H-protein binds to myosin; however, C-protein can still bind to myosin even if myosin is saturated by H-protein. Although H-protein itself does not have ATPase activity, it inhibits not only actomyosin ATPase but also acto-heavy meromyosin ATPase. PMID- 6233280 TI - Role of a disulfide bond in the gamma subunit in activation of the ATPase of chloroplast coupling factor 1. AB - The relationship between activation of the latent ATPase activity of isolated chloroplast coupling factor 1 (CF1) and reduction of a disulfide in the gamma subunit has been assessed. The sulfhydryl residues involved in the disulfide bond are distinct from residues normally accessible to maleimide modification during incubation of thylakoids in the dark or the light. Dithiothreitol-induced activation is time dependent, and correlates with reduction of the disulfide. Sulfhydryl residues exposed during activation can be reoxidized to disulfide by incubation with iodosobenzoate , with a concomitant loss of ATPase activity. Activation and deactivation are reversible, but deactivation is prevented by treatment of the reduced enzyme with N-ethylmaleimide. Heat activation does not reduce the disulfide bond unless dithiothreitol is present during activation. Prior heating of CF1, which partially activates the enzyme, renders the disulfide more susceptible to subsequent dithiol reduction. The activity obtained when heat and dithiothreitol are used together is approximately equal to the sum of the partial activations obtained with heat or dithiothreitol alone. Iodosobenzoate has no effect on heat-activated CF1. Enzyme activated by heating in the presence of dithiothreitol can be partially deactivated, consistent with reversal of the activity attributable to the dithiol effect. Fluorescence polarization of anilinonaphthylmaleimide bound to the reduced enzyme indicates that the sulfhydryl residues involved in the disulfide are in a less rigid environment than the other two sulfhydryl residues in the gamma subunit. Polarization of anilinonaphthylmaleimide bound to these sulfhydryls is reduced by heat treatment of CF1. The increased susceptibility of the disulfide to reduction upon heat treatment, and the activation of ATPase activity with or without disulfide bond cleavage are indicative of conformational changes within the gamma subunit that occur during the conversion of CF1 from a latent to an active ATPase. In addition the results are consistent with at least two distinct conformational forms of CF1 that can hydrolyze ATP. PMID- 6233281 TI - Characterization of the cysteinyl-containing peptides of the gamma subunit of coupling factor 1. AB - The cysteinyl peptides of the gamma subunit of chloroplast coupling factor 1 (CF1) have been analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography. Analysis of the reduced enzyme alkylated with 4-vinylpyridine showed that the gamma subunit contains four cysteinyl residues. Two of these residues are involved in a disulfide linkage in CF1 either in solution or bound to washed thylakoid membranes. Two free sulfhydryls, one that is readily attacked by alkylating reagents and another that is less reactive, were also detected. Each of these four cysteinyl residues is present in a separate tryptic peptide derived from the gamma subunit. These results show that 4-vinylpyridine is an excellent reagent for the analysis of cysteinyl-containing peptides and support our analyses of the roles of cysteinyl residues in the gamma subunit in ATP synthesis and hydrolysis. PMID- 6233282 TI - Role of the gamma subunit of chloroplast coupling factor 1 in the light-dependent activation of photophosphorylation and ATPase activity by dithiothreitol. AB - In leaves and intact chloroplasts, oxidation and reduction have been shown previously to regulate the ATPase activity of thylakoids. Illumination of spinach chloroplast thylakoids in the presence of dithiothreitol, which activates the ability of thylakoids to catalyze sustained ATP hydrolysis in the dark, causes increased incorporation of N-ethylmaleimide into the gamma subunit of coupling factor 1 (CF1). A disulfide bond in the gamma subunit is reduced during activation. The residues involved in this disulfide bond are the same as those in the disulfide linkage reduced during dithiothreitol activation of soluble CF1. The disulfide and dithiol forms of the gamma subunit may be separated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate. N Ethylmaleimide is preferentially incorporated in the dark into the reduced form of the gamma subunit of CF1 in thylakoids previously exposed to dithiothreitol. Only a subpopulation of the CF1 in thylakoids is susceptible to dithiothreitol reduction and subsequent reaction with N-ethylmaleimide in the dark. Alkylation of the thiol groups exposed by reduction of the disulfide bond protects ATPase activity from inhibition by oxidants. At a given value of the transmembrane pH differential, photophosphorylation rates in dithiothreitol-activated thylakoids can be as much as seven to eight times those of nonactivated controls. N Ethylmaleimide treatment of activated thylakoids in the dark prevents the loss of the stimulation of ATP synthesis on storage of the thylakoids. Photophosphorylation by intact chloroplasts lysed in assay mixtures is also activated in comparison to that by washed thylakoids. At a low ADP concentration, the rate of photophosphorylation approaches saturation as delta pH increases. These results suggest that the gamma subunit of CF1 plays an important role in regulation of ATP synthesis and hydrolysis. PMID- 6233283 TI - Purification and reconstitution of a Ca2+ pump from human platelets. AB - A Ca2+-ATPase from human platelets has been purified after solubilization with octyl glucoside. Following chromatography on Sepharose 4B and hydroxylapatite the Ca2+-ATPase had a specific activity of 1.1 mumol of ATP hydrolyzed/min/mg of protein at 30 degrees C. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed that 80% of the preparation was a polypeptide with a molecular weight of approximately 100,000. The major contaminant had a molecular weight of 89,000, and both proteins cross-reacted with anti-serum against the Ca2+-ATPase from rabbit skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum. It is likely that the 89,000-dalton polypeptide is an inactive proteolysis product of the Ca2+ ATPase. The kinetic properties of the purified ATPase with Ca2+ and MgATP were quite similar to those of the sarcoplasmic reticulum ATPase. Ca2+ transport activity was reconstituted by dialysis of the octyl glucoside. The platelet Ca2+ pump transported 2 Ca2+ for each ATP molecule hydrolyzed. Thus the platelet Ca2+ pump is similar to the ATPase from the sarcoplasmic reticulum in structure and function. Furthermore, the Ca2+ pump is a major membrane component in platelet membranes, and this emphasizes the importance of Ca2+ fluxes in platelet function. PMID- 6233284 TI - Actin of Naegleria gruberi. Absence of N tau-methylhistidine. AB - Actin from amebae of Naegleria gruberi has been purified to homogeneity. The purified actin shares many attributes with numerous other actins that have been characterized, including molecular weight, strong binding to DEAE-cellulose, binding to DNase I, reversible polymerization to F-actin, binding of rabbit myosin subfragment 1 to give distinctive arrowheads , formation of Mg paracrystals, and activation of myosin Mg2+-ATPase. In two respects the attributes of Naegleria actin are unusual. Isoelectric focusing resolves three distinct isoforms of the actin, which raises questions about the function of multiple isoforms in a unicellular eukaryote. The amino acid composition closely resembles other actins except that Naegleria actin lacks N tau-methylhistidine. This result indicates that N tau-methylhistidine is not a prerequisite for actin actin or actin-myosin interactions. PMID- 6233285 TI - Genetics of sonographically detected intrauterine fetal cystic hygromas. AB - Turner syndrome has been the only genetic abnormality reported in which intrauterine cystic hygromas occur. We have recently seen three patients in whom cystic hygromas were detected in utero, and which turned out to be due to Turner, Down, and Noonan syndromes respectively. As the finding of a fetal cystic hygroma occurs in a spectrum of genetic disorders, anatomic and cytogenetic studies are indicated for definitive diagnosis. PMID- 6233286 TI - "Redo" surgery for late aorto-femoral graft occlusive failures. AB - Experience of late failures of Dacron aortofemoral grafts is presented; about 70 cases observed during the past eight years on whom 105 subsequent operations were performed. One third of these patients were first operated upon by another surgical team. During the same period, 850 patients were submitted to reconstructive surgery of the abdominal aorta and iliac arteries either for atherosclerotic or for aneurysmal disease. It appears that conservative procedures like thrombectomy of the occluded limb are often insufficient, impossible, inappropriate or dangerous, even after restoration of a good deep femoral outflow. On the other hand, aggressive restoration of limbflow is generally necessary, with other various and ingenious direct or indirect reconstructive techniques for restitution of a good inflow and outflow. These techniques are usually successful (85%) and gain time against the major etiology of these late failures viz the development of atherosclerotic disease. PMID- 6233287 TI - Glucose removal from N-linked oligosaccharides is required for efficient maturation of certain secretory glycoproteins from the rough endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi complex. AB - 1- Deoxynojirimycin is a specific inhibitor of glucosidases I and II, the first enzymes that process N-linked oligosaccharides after their transfer to polypeptides in the rough endoplasmic reticulum. In a pulse-chase experiment, 1- deoxynojirimycin greatly reduced the rate of secretion of alpha 1-antitrypsin and alpha 1-antichymotrypsin by human hepatoma HepG2 cells, but had marginal effects on secretion of the glycoproteins C3 and transferrin, or of albumin. As judged by equilibrium gradient centrifugation, 1- deoxynojirimycin caused alpha 1 antitrypsin and alpha 1-antichymotrypsin to accumulate in the rough endoplasmic reticulum. The oligosaccharides on cell-associated alpha 1-antitrypsin and alpha 1-antichymotrypsin synthesized in the presence of 1- deoxynojirimycin , remained sensitive to Endoglycosidase H and most likely had the structure Glu1- 3Man9GlcNAc2 . Tunicamycin, an antibiotic that inhibits addition of N-linked oligosaccharide units to glycoproteins, had a similar differential effect on secretion of these proteins. Swainsonine , an inhibitor of the Golgi enzyme alpha mannosidase II, had no effect on the rates of protein secretion, although the proteins were in this case secreted with an abnormal N-linked, partially complex, oligosaccharide. We conclude that the movement of alpha 1-antitrypsin and alpha 1 antichymotrypsin from the rough endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi requires that the N-linked oligosaccharides be processed to at least the Man9GlcNAc2 form; possibly this oligosaccharide forms part of the recognition site of a transport receptor for certain secretory proteins. PMID- 6233288 TI - Immunocytochemical localization of opsin in the cell membrane of developing rat retinal photoreceptors. AB - Mature retinal rod photoreceptors sequester opsin in the disk and plasma membranes of the rod outer segment (ROS). Opsin is synthesized in the inner segment and is transferred to the outer segment along the connecting cilium that joins the two compartments. We have investigated early stages of retinal development during which the polarized distribution of opsin is established in the rod photoreceptor cell. Retinas were isolated from newborn rats, 3-21 d old, and incubated with affinity purified biotinyl-sheep anti-bovine opsin followed by avidin-ferritin. At early postnatal ages prior to the development of the ROS, opsin is labeled by antiopsin on the inner segment plasma membrane. At the fifth postnatal day, as ROS formation begins opsin was detected on the connecting cilium plasma membrane. However, the labeling density of the ciliary plasma membrane was not uniform: the proximal cilium was relatively unlabeled in comparison with the distal cilium and the ROS plasma membrane. In nearly mature rat retinas, opsin was no longer detected on the inner segment plasma membrane. A similar polarized distribution of opsin was also observed in adult human rod photoreceptor cells labeled with the same antibodies. These results suggest that some component(s) of the connecting cilium and its plasma membrane may participate in establishing and maintaining the polarized distribution of opsin. PMID- 6233289 TI - Endogenous glycosyltransferases glucosylate lipids in flagella of Euglena. AB - Flagella, intact deflagellated cells and isolated cell surfaces of the unicell , Euglena were separately assayed for glycosyltransferase activity by incubating these fractions with uridine diphosphate-[3H]glucose and isolating radiolabeled products. Most of the label was incorporated into lipophilic products, soluble in chloroform/methanol, which could be separated via thin layer chromatography or LH 60 chromatography into four distinct classes. The most polar of these products was extracted from flagella and purified by column chromatography for use as an in vitro substrate to identify flagella-associated glycosyltransferases. After flagella were treated with the detergent CHAPS , a soluble fraction was removed that was capable of glycosylation in solution. The glycosyltransferase(s) responsible for this activity were further enriched on sucrose or fructose gradients and ultimately identified on acrylamide gels through the combined use of nondenaturing gels, dial-[3H]uridine diphosphate binding, and fluorography. The enzyme had an apparent monomer molecular weight of 32,000 and consisted of four or fewer subunits. The occurrence of endogenous glycosyltransferase(s) in flagella suggests that modifications and/or assembly of the flagella surface can take place in situ in this organism. PMID- 6233290 TI - Monoclonal antibodies to dynein subunits reveal the existence of cytoplasmic antigens in sea urchin egg. AB - Monoclonal antibodies directed against subunits of a sea urchin flagellar dynein were used to test for the presence of cytoplasmic antigens in preparations of fertilized eggs and mitotic apparati . A 9-10 S complex composed of 330,000-, 134,000-, and 126,000-mol-wt subunits was isolated from outer arms of Strongylocentrotus purpuratus sperm flagella and used to characterize the antibodies. Seven monospecific antibodies to the 330,000 subunit and two against the 134,000 subunit of the 9-10 S complex were identified by binding to nitrocellulose blots of electrophoretograms resolving polypeptides from different dynein preparations. The antibodies were applied also to blots of polypeptides from fertilized sea urchin egg at the first metaphase and a cellular fraction of mitotic apparati . Three of the antibodies to the 330,000 subunit bound to a cytoplasmic polypeptide of approximately the same molecular weight and the two antibodies to the smaller subunits recognized a polypeptide of 124,000 apparent molecular weight. Both antigens appeared to be enriched in the fraction containing mitotic apparati . These results indicate that polypeptides similar to two subunits of the 9-10 S complex are present in eggs at metaphase, and they are apparently associated with the mitotic apparatus. PMID- 6233291 TI - Biogenesis of the avian erythroid membrane skeleton: receptor-mediated assembly and stabilization of ankyrin (goblin) and spectrin. AB - Ankyrin is an extrinsic membrane protein in human erythrocytes that links the alpha beta-spectrin-based extrinsic membrane skeleton to the membrane by binding simultaneously to the beta-spectrin subunit and to the transmembrane anion transporter. To analyse the temporal and spatial regulation of assembly of this membrane skeleton, we investigated the kinetics of synthesis and assembly of ankyrin ( goblin ) with respect to those of spectrin in chicken embryo erythroid cells. Electrophoretic analysis of Triton X-100 soluble and cytoskeletal fractions show that at steady state both ankyrin and spectrin are detected exclusively in the cytoskeleton. In contrast, continuous labeling of erythroid cells with [35S]methionine, and immunoprecipitation of ankyrin and alpha- and beta-spectrin, reveals that newly synthesized ankyrin and spectrin are partitioned into both the cytoskeletal and Triton X-100 soluble fractions. The soluble pools of ankyrin and beta-spectrin reach a plateau of labeling within 1 h, whereas the soluble pool of alpha-spectrin is substantially larger and reaches a plateau more slowly, reflecting an approximately 3:1 ratio of synthesis of alpha- to beta-spectrin. Ankyrin and beta-spectrin enter the cytoskeletal fraction within 10 min of labeling, and the amount assembled into the cytoskeletal fraction exceeds the amount present in their respective soluble pools within 1 h of labeling. Although alpha-spectrin enters the cytoskeletal fraction with similar kinetics to beta-spectrin and ankyrin, and in amounts equimolar to beta-spectrin, the amount of cytoskeletal alpha-spectrin does not exceed the amount of soluble alpha-spectrin even after 3 h of labeling. Pulse chase labeling experiments reveal that ankyrin and alpha- and beta-spectrin assembled into the cytoskeleton exhibit no detectable turnover, whereas the Triton X-100 soluble polypeptides are rapidly catabolized, suggesting that stable assembly of the three polypeptides is dependent upon their association with their respective membrane receptor(s). The existence in the detergent-soluble compartment of newly synthesized ankyrin and alpha- and beta-spectrin that are catabolized, rather than assembled, suggests that ankyrin and spectrin are synthesized in excess of available respective membrane binding sites, and that the assembly of these polypeptides, while rapid, is not tightly coupled to their synthesis. We hypothesize that the availability of the high affinity receptor(s) localized on the membrane mediates posttranslationally the extent of assembly of the three cytoskeletal proteins in the correct stoichiometry, their stability, and their spatial localization. PMID- 6233294 TI - Studies on steroids. CC. Determination of 17-ketosteroid sulphates in serum by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection using pre column derivatization. AB - A new sensitive method is described for the determination of 17-ketosteroid sulphates, particularly dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate, in human serum by high performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. The 17 ketosteroid sulphates in serum were extracted with acetonitrile and derivatized with p- nitrophenylhydrazine in trichloroacetic acid--benzene solution. The p- nitrophenylhydrazones were separated by high-performance liquid chromatography on a mu Bondapak C18 column using methanol--0.5% ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (8:3) as a mobile phase. The proposed method proved to be applicable to the quantitation of 17-ketosteroid sulphates with satisfactory sensitivity and reliability, providing a quantitation limit of 80 ng/ml and coefficient of variation of 4%. A good correlation was observed between the values obtained by the present method and radioimmunoassay for dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate in serum. PMID- 6233293 TI - Cardiovascular imaging: the biochemical basis. PMID- 6233292 TI - Actin filament content and organization in unstimulated platelets. AB - The extent of actin polymerization in unstimulated, discoid platelets was measured by DNase I inhibition assay in Triton X-100 lysates of platelets washed at 37 degrees C by gel filtration, or in Triton X-100 lysates of platelets washed at ambient temperatures by centrifugation in the presence of prostacyclin. About 40% of the actin in the discoid platelets obtained by either method existed as filaments. These filaments could be visualized by electron microscopy of thin sections. Similar results were obtained when the actin filament content of discoid platelets was measured by sedimentation of filaments from Triton X-100 lysates at high g forces (145,000 g for 45 min). However, few of these filaments sedimented at the lower g forces often used to isolate networks of actin filaments from cell extracts. These results indicate that actin filaments in discoid cells are not highly crosslinked. Platelets isolated by centrifugation in the absence of prostacyclin were not discoid, but were instead irregular with one or more pseudopodia. These platelets also contained approximately 40-50% of their actin in a filamentous form; many of these filaments sedimented at low g forces, however, indicating that they were organized into networks. The discoid shape of these centrifuged platelets could be restored by incubating them for 1-3 h at 37 degrees C, which resulted in the reversal of filament organization. High g forces were then required for the sedimentation of the actin. Approximately 80-90% of the actin in platelets washed at 4 degrees C was filamentous; this high actin filament content could be attributed to actin polymerization during the preparation of the platelets at low temperatures. These studies show that platelet activation involves mechanisms for the structural reorganization of existing filaments, in addition to those previously described for mediating actin polymerization. PMID- 6233295 TI - The stimulatory and down-regulatory effects of a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist in man. AB - Synthetic long-acting agonistic analogs of GnRH both stimulate and paradoxically inhibit gonadotropin secretion in male animals and humans. To characterize the stimulatory and down-regulatory effects of such a superactive GnRH analog in man, either 10 or 100 micrograms D-( Nal2 ) 6GnRH were administered sc to two groups of seven normal men for 10 days. Serum LH, FSH, and testosterone were determined daily before analog injection and 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, and 24 h after analog injection on days 1 and 10. Both doses of analog led to initial increases in LH, FSH (peak, days 2-3), and testosterone (peak, days 3-4), but by day 10 of analog administration, serum levels of LH, FSH, and testosterone returned to pretreatment levels. The integrated 24-h responses above baseline of serum LH and FSH to both doses of GnRH analog were significantly decreased on day 10 compared to day 1 (P less than 0.05). The integrated 24-h responses of serum testosterone to both doses of agonist were not significantly decreased on day 10 of agonist treatment compared to those on day 1 (P greater than 0.2). Integrated serum testosterone responses above baseline in response to 3000 IU hCG administered 2 weeks before analog treatment and 24 h after the last analog injection were not different (P greater than 0.2). GnRH agonist treatment resulted in proportionate stimulation of LH, FSH, and testosterone consistent with a predominant pituitary effect of the analog at these doses given for 10 days. The stimulatory effects of daily GnRH agonist treatment in men are transient with some down-regulatory effects evident after 10 days of treatment. PMID- 6233296 TI - Tryptic digestion of scallop S1: evidence for a complex between the two light chains and a heavy-chain peptide. AB - When scallop S1(+LC) (formerly called CaMg S1) is digested by trypsin, the heavy chain degrades while the two light chains remain complexed to each other and a peptide fragment of the heavy chain. The three components of the complex comigrate during electrophoresis under nondissociating conditions and can be purified by chromatography and concentrated by precipitation with ammonium sulphate in the presence of millimolar calcium ions. The truncated regulatory light chain remains associated with the binary complex consisting of the peptide and essential light chain as long as divalent cations are present; in the presence of EDTA it dissociates. This behaviour of the light chains-peptide complex mimics that of the intact molecule. The effect of bound light chains and bound actin on the susceptibility to tryptic digestion was studied using scallop S1(+LC) and S1(-LC) (EDTA S1 according to previous nomenclature). The heavy chains of both types of S1 are labile and have two main sites susceptible to proteolysis. Tryptic digestion on site A produces an N-terminal peptide of around 70 000 and a C-terminal 24 000 fragment from S1(+LC) and a 20 000 C-terminal fragment from S1(-LC); the latter is prone to further proteolysis. Thus S1(-LC), produced in the absence of bound regulatory light chain is shorter on the C terminal end. Proteolysis on site A abolishes actin-activated ATPase activity; the latter is prevented by digesting acto-S1. The rate of tryptic digestion on site B is somewhat slower than on site A; when either S1 is split at this site an N-terminal 63 000 peptide is produced. The corresponding C-terminal peptide can be obtained from acto-S1 when hydrolysis on site A is prevented; this is estimated as around 31 000 derived from S1(+LC) and 28 000 derived from S1(-LC). The results are compared with similar experiments where vertebrate subfragments were digested by trypsin and the possible localization of the light-chain binding peptide in the intact heavy chain is discussed. PMID- 6233297 TI - T-cell subsets in spinal fluid of multiple sclerosis patients. AB - CSF T-cells and T-cell subsets were characterized by monoclonal antibodies in 15 untreated multiple sclerosis (MS) patients, 17 immunosuppressed chronic progressive MS patients and 9 patients with other neurological diseases. A negative correlation was found between total cell numbers and T suppressor cell percentages in untreated and treated MS patients. A negative correlation (r = 0.71) was found between intrathecal IgG levels and T suppressor cell percentages in untreated MS patients. In peripheral blood, no correlation between T-cells and T-cell subsets with IgG levels was found. It is discussed that T-cell subsets and intrathecal IgG levels may be indicators of the activity of the inflammatory process in the brains of chronic progressive MS patients. PMID- 6233298 TI - Disease activity markers in multiple sclerosis. Another look at suppressor cells defined by monoclonal antibodies OKT4, OKT5, and OKT8. AB - Here we report our experience in profiling peripheral blood T-cell subsets with the monoclonal antibodies OKT4, OKT5 , and OKT8. Lymphocyte surface phenotype was measured by automated cytofluorometry. In a population survey, we were unable to detect differences between patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and control subjects when we compared ratios of lymphocytes of helper cell phenotype (OKT4) to those with suppressor cell phenotype ( OKT5 and OKT8). No differences could be established between patients with stable disease, chronic progressive disease, or those with active disease. In a study of 10 patients followed through an exacerbation, we were also unable to define perturbations in these lymphocyte ratios that correlated with disease activity. Detailed analysis of the fluorescence histogram, which examines the entire spectrum of cell surface fluorescence intensity in a population of lymphocytes, was also not useful in predicting disease activity in these patients. The discrepancies between these data and other reports in the literature are discussed. We propose that these reagents are inadequate indices of disease activity, and that until other monoclonal reagents are developed and studied, the suppressor cell compartment is best assessed by assays of function. PMID- 6233299 TI - Analysis of T regulator cell surface markers and functional properties in multiple sclerosis. AB - The relative proportions as well as cell surface and functional properties of T suppressor (T8+) and T helper (T4+) cells in peripheral blood mononuclear cells ( MNCs ) of MS patients were analyzed. The proportion of T8 cells compared to normal controls was suggestively lower in patients during relapses and significantly lower in those with progressive disease. The density of T8+ antigen on cells of MS patients with active disease as measured by median fluorescence intensity ( MFI ) was also decreased compared to controls and stable MS patients. Using OKT8-mAb modulated MNCs as a model, we found that reduction of T8 antigen density results in substantial discrepancies between FACS and microscope methods for enumeration of T8+ cells. Levels of pokeweed mitogen-induced IgG secretion by MNCs of MS patients did not correlate with proportion of T8+ cells within the MNCs , but rather with the functional activity of the T8+ cells of given individuals, as tested in an in vitro suppressor assay using constant numbers of T8+ cells. PMID- 6233300 TI - Circulating lymphocyte subpopulations in experimental allergic neuritis. AB - T-cell subsets in the peripheral blood were analyzed using monoclonal antibodies during the development of experimental allergic neuritis in Lewis rats. Percentages of helper and suppressor cells and ratios of helper/suppressor cells did not exceed normal limits during the development of the disease. PMID- 6233302 TI - Parasite antigen-specific human T cell lines and clones. Major histocompatibility complex restriction and B cell helper function. AB - The development of T lymphocyte lines and clones of defined specificity has become an important method for investigating both T cell recognition of foreign antigens as well as T cell influence on B cells. In the present study, human antigen-specific T cell lines and clones have been derived from a patient with a naturally acquired filarial infection. These T cells are of the helper phenotype (Leu 1+, Leu 2-, Leu 3+) and are independent of exogenous interleukin-2. Furthermore, these T cells have been shown to require both antigen-presenting cells and antigen for optimal proliferation. Helper function mediated by these T cells as manifested by the in vitro induction of parasite-specific antibody was antigen-dose dependent, requiring much lower antigen concentrations than those necessary to induce blastogenesis. More importantly, there is an absolute requirement of the T cell line for HLA-DR histocompatible antigen-presenting cells; clones derived from this T cell line show a more specific DR-related restriction--to only one of the two parental DR haplotypes in antigen stimulated proliferative responses. Such parasite antigen specific human helper T cell lines and clones should prove useful in exploring the fine control of the host response to naturally acquired helminth infections. In addition, these long-term T cell lines and clones can provide a potent tool for examining not only the events involved in human T cell responses to parasite antigens, but also into the associated cellular and humoral factors necessary for the B cell responses which follow. PMID- 6233303 TI - Value of consensual ratings in differentiating organic and functional low back pain. AB - Evaluated 40 low back pain patients by a multidisciplinary team (orthopedic surgeons, nursing staff and a medical psychologist) to identify the behavioral characteristics associated with functional and organic determinants of pain. Significant relationships were found between orthopedists' clinical judgments and higher scores on MMPI scales F, HS, and MA, between nurses' ratings and higher scores on MMPI scales D, PA, PT, and SI, and on the Zung Depression Scale and STAI Trait-Anxiety scale. Physicians and nurses consensually agreed on 27 cases. Behavioral observations of the orthopedists and the nursing staff revealed contrasting patterns of behavior for those patients classified as organic or functional. The power of the consensual rating method and its usefulness in clinical appraisals were discussed. PMID- 6233301 TI - Quantitative variation of the common acute lymphoblastic leukemia antigen (gp100) on leukemic marrow blasts. AB - Marrow blasts from children with B cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) were studied for differences in quantitative expression of the common ALL antigen (CALLA). Of 42 untreated patients, 35 had detectable amounts of CALLA by flow cytometric (FCM) analysis of J-5 monoclonal antibody binding. Using an FCM technique that provides correlated measurements of a given cell surface antigen, cell size, and DNA content, we detected increased CALLA expression as lymphoblasts moved from G0/G1 phase through S phase of the cell cycle. The density of the antigen (per unit of blast surface area) remained relatively constant over the same interval, indicating that the change was not due to S phase-specific enhancement of CALLA expression. Eight cases had hyperdiploid cellular DNA content and in seven of these, only cells with clonal abnormalities of DNA content expressed the CALLA marker. Mean amounts of CALLA for each patient ranged widely within the study group, from very high to marginally detectable. This variation had no discernible relation to cell size, stem-line DNA content, percentage of cells in S phase, or the presence or absence of cytoplasmic immunoglobulin. Results of a univariate proportional hazards analysis showed that both quantitative level of CALLA for S phase cells (P = 0.048) and white blood cell count (P = 0.012) had made significant contributions to treatment outcome. Patients with relative amounts of CALLA less than the median value for the entire CALLA+ group had a higher rate of failure, which was virtually identical to that for the seven HLA-DR+ patients whose blasts lacked detectable CALLA. The observed interpatient variation in quantitative expression of CALLA is consistent with recognized steps in B cell precursor differentiation and may be useful in distinguishing patients with a less favorable prognosis. PMID- 6233304 TI - Primary reticulum cell sarcoma of the brain presenting as steroid-responsive optic neuropathy. AB - A 23-year-old woman presented with subacute monocular visual loss clinically resembling optic neuritis. CT scan revealed a cerebellar mass, biopsy of which led to the diagnosis of reticulum cell sarcoma (RCS). Corticosteroid therapy resulted in improvement of vision and a decrease in disc edema; this resolution was documented radiographically. While optic nerve involvement is sometimes seen in association with systemic lymphoproliferative disease, optic neuropathy as a manifestation of primary cerebral RCS is rare. PMID- 6233305 TI - Orbital involvement in multiple myeloma. A new angiographic presentation. AB - A 49-year-old black female presented with proptosis, orbital pain, decreased visual acuity, and a left frontal bone mass. This lesion resembled a meningioma by computerized tomography and carotid angiography. Following craniotomy, a tissue diagnosis was made of plasmacytoma, with systemic myeloma found by bone marrow biopsy. This case was unusual in its radiographic appearance as plasmacytomas are usually avascular. This case illustrates that orbital plasmacytomas may radiographically mimic other orbital tumors such as meningiomas, melanomas, and orbital carcinomas, and that definitive diagnosis must often depend on histopathologic study. PMID- 6233306 TI - Optic neuritis in inflammatory bowel disease. AB - It is not unusual for various ocular diseases to be associated with inflammatory bowel disease. Ocular involvement includes the inflammatory entities of keratitis, conjunctivitis, episcleritis, orbital pseudotumor, iritis and neuroretinitis , as well as those states in which the etiology remains undefined, i.e., scleromalacia perforans, peripheral corneal ulceration and furrow, retinal artery occlusion, and optic neuropathy. We report five cases of optic neuropathy associated with ulcerative colitis to emphasize that this may be the sole ocular manifestation of inflammatory bowel disease. PMID- 6233307 TI - Retinal artery occlusion due to moyamoya disease. AB - Ophthalmic complications from moyamoya disease, or multiple progressive intracranial arterial occlusion syndrome, have rarely been reported. This case report describes a patient with this syndrome who developed acute retinal artery occlusion. PMID- 6233308 TI - Sustained upgaze in coma. AB - Sustained upgaze is a rare phenomenon that is observed primarily in those patients with coma secondary to cardiac arrest or prolonged hypotension. Because of "selective vulnerability" of the brain, cardiac arrest or prolonged hypotension may produce both cerebral and cerebellar cortical damage sparing the brain stem vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) pathways. This selective damage may be responsible for the generation of sustained upgaze. The VORs receive their selective inhibition from the cerebellar flocculus. This inhibition is exerted on only one of the two VOR pathways converging on each extra-ocular muscle, so that total disinhibition of the VOR pathway activities will result in a tonic upward bias. The underlying neuronal mechanism of sustained upgaze appears to be due to total floccular disinhibition resulting in upward drift produced by the biased VOR and the lack of correcting saccades due to cerebral dysfunction releasing the brain stem ocular motor systems from their control. PMID- 6233309 TI - Visual memory and perceptual impairments in prosopagnosia. AB - A patient who suffered traumatic hematomas of both occipitotemporal regions, but who had normal visual acuity, language, and cognitive functions, could not recognize faces of family members, celebrities , or recent acquaintances (prosopagnosia). He could distinguish same from different faces when they were presented simultaneously, but could not recognize faces that had been presented to him 90 seconds earlier. He could read and name objects correctly, but could not recognize any previously viewed object if it was reexamined later with other objects of the same semantic class. He had no difficulty copying complex figures, but synthesized incomplete visual information poorly and pursued an abnormal visual search strategy. We suggest that prosopagnosia is part of a more general inability to distinguish among objects within a visual semantic class. It results from impaired visual memory and perception caused by visual association cortex damage and interruption of the inferior longitudinal fasciculus connecting visual association cortex and temporal lobe. PMID- 6233310 TI - Papilledema in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria. AB - A 26-year-old man with the diagnosis of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria presented with papilledema due to increased intracranial pressure without localizing neurological signs. It is concluded that papilledema and benign intracranial hypertension could result from a cerebral vein thrombosis which can complicate the course of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria. This has not been a well-recognized feature of the disease. PMID- 6233311 TI - Aneurysmal bone cyst of the orbit. A case report. AB - We report a case of orbital aneurysmal bone cyst, a rare orbit tumor with unusual clinical features. PMID- 6233312 TI - A light-emitting diode array globe protector photostimulator. AB - Intraoperative visual-evoked potential recording has been a potentially useful procedure for monitoring the functional status of the visual pathways during certain neurosurgical procedures. Technical problems have limited its adoption. We report a light-emitting diode array globe protector photostimulator which enhances the stimulation component of the visual-evoked potential recording technique. PMID- 6233313 TI - An inexpensive projectorlite for visual fields. PMID- 6233314 TI - Pituitary apoplexy presenting with epistaxis. AB - A 42-year-old woman developed headache and epistaxis followed by fever, stiff neck, and loss of vision of the right eye. The diagnosis of simple epistaxis was changed to mucormycosis, then to bacterial meningitis and then to sphenoid sinusitis, before the correct diagnosis of pituitary apoplexy was established by CT scan. Epistaxis is yet another confusing symptom of pituitary apoplexy. PMID- 6233315 TI - Minus or plus lenses in the therapy of the convergence spasm? PMID- 6233316 TI - Basal encephalocele presenting with monocular visual loss. AB - A 23-year-old male was seen with acute onset of decreased vision in the right eye. There was no associated facial abnormality, optic disc abnormality, or previous history of head trauma. A computerized tomography scan of the head revealed a soft tissue density in the right ethmoidal sinus. Surgical decompression of the ethmoid sinus for a possible pyocele or mucocele revealed the mass to be cerebral cortex. Successful neurosurgical repair of the defect in the cribiform plate and amputation of the abnormal brain tissue was accomplished with restoration of vision. PMID- 6233317 TI - Postirradiation optic neuropathy in antral carcinoma. AB - A case is described of a patient who developed radiation-induced optic neuropathy 18 months following cobalt-60 irradiation for carcinoma of the left maxillary antrum and ethmoid sinus. This case is unusual because of the early onset of the optic nerve damage following radiation therapy and the ultimate emergence of the eye involved by tumor compression as the better eye in terms of visual acuity. PMID- 6233318 TI - Internal ophthalmoplegia resulting from acute orbital phycomycosis. AB - Phycomycosis is an opportunistic infection occurring in immunocompromised hosts. It is the most acutely fatal fungal disease known. Therefore, early recognition and treatment are essential. Ocular and orbital involvement is part of a rhino orbital-cerebral form of the disease. The orbital apex syndrome is the hallmark orbital involvement. A case of phycomycosis with internal ophthalmoplegia alone is reported. The internal ophthalmoplegia is probably secondary to involvement at the apex of the orbit, although not sufficiently diffuse to result in the complete orbital apex syndrome. PMID- 6233319 TI - Opsoclonus. Update on clinical and pathologic associations. AB - Opsoclonus is a bizarre oculomotor disturbance consisting of rapid, involuntary, repetitive conjugate eye movements in all directions. Clinically, it has been associated with infections, neoplasms, toxins, and drugs. Pathologically, there is no apparent consistently defined structural lesion. A case of opsoclonus with postmortem results is reported. Opsoclonus in adults and available autopsy data are reviewed. PMID- 6233320 TI - Neuro-ophthalmology in the recent European literature. Part I. The visual system. PMID- 6233321 TI - Spontaneous reduction of growth rate of a large intracranial meningioma. Case report. AB - A relatively young patient with a large intracranial meningioma producing a paucity of neurological signs and symptoms showed no progression of symptomatology over 14 years. This may represent a spontaneous growth arrest in an otherwise early expected fatal outcome. The location of the tumor with its benign course producing no demonstrable increase in visual loss over 14 years in such a young patient is quite unusual. PMID- 6233322 TI - Spontaneous reduction of growth rate of a large intracranial meningioma. PMID- 6233323 TI - A simple technique for Doppler ophthalmodynamometry. AB - A novel method to assess carotid and intraocular blood flow and pulse pressures is presented. This procedure can be performed by personnel not trained in ophthalmoscopy, and is valid in eyes with opaque media. It is noninvasive, requires no elaborate equipment, and may be useful as an adjunct to ophthalmodynamometry. PMID- 6233324 TI - Therapeutic temporal artery biopsy. PMID- 6233325 TI - Neuro-anatomical feature photo. Penetrating skull injury. PMID- 6233326 TI - Optic neuropathy associated with penicillamine therapy in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Optic neuropathy developed in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis who had been receiving D-penicillamine for about 1 year. An associated finding included a 2+ positive antinuclear antibody test with a titer of 1:320. Optic disc swelling was resolved on high doses of intravenous steroids. The case resembles two previously reported cases of optic neuropathy which occurred in patients with Wilson's disease who were receiving penicillamine. PMID- 6233328 TI - Migrainous optic neuropathy. AB - Two patients with histories of classic migraine developed ischemic optic neuropathy during a severe headache. Clinical and radiologic studies excluded other causes for the visual field loss. In both cases, the field loss was permanent. No further visual or neurologic disturbances have occurred in either patient during a 3 1/2- and 2 1/2-year period of follow-up, respectively. PMID- 6233329 TI - Optic atrophy and the Wyburn-Mason syndrome. AB - A 14-year-old girl developed impaired vision and optic atrophy of the left eye as a manifestation of an orbital and parachiasmal arteriovenous malformation. Despite the lack of a retinal arteriovenous malformation, this condition appears to be a variant of the Wyburn -Mason syndrome, representing a vascular dysgenesis of the orbit and midbrain resulting in focal arteriovenous communications without interposed capillaries. PMID- 6233327 TI - Ischemic optic neuropathy associated with optic disc drusen. AB - Ischemic optic neuropathy developed in five eyes of four patients with optic nerve drusen. Two of the patients were in their 20s, a decade when idiopathic ischemic optic neuropathy is rare. This argues against a chance concurrence of drusen and idiopathic ischemic optic neuropathy. Infarction of the distal portion of the optic nerve in patients with drusen may result from mechanical distortion of blood vessels in the laminar and prelaminar regions. PMID- 6233330 TI - Foster Kennedy syndrome and an optociliary vein in a patient with a falx meningioma. AB - We describe a 51-year-old woman with a falx meningioma causing Foster Kennedy syndrome accompanied by optociliary shunt vessels on the atrophic optic nerve. The tumor did not directly involve optic nerves or chiasm. The optociliary vessels disappeared after successful tumor removal. The patient's arteriograms, surgical findings, and postoperative course support the theory that optic atrophy in Foster Kennedy syndrome may be caused by compression of the optic nerve by adjacent brain tissue displaced by a distant intracranial mass lesion. PMID- 6233331 TI - Suppressor T cell activity and antibodies to alcohol altered hepatocytes. PMID- 6233332 TI - The dental patient with artificial heart valves. The importance of antibiotic prophylaxis prior to dental surgery. PMID- 6233333 TI - Three perspectives on the speech of children with Down's syndrome. AB - The present research describes aspects of the phonologies of three children with Down's syndrome, aged 3;4, 3;6, and 4;6. The results of the study are presented from three perspectives. First, each child's consonant productions are sifted to determine what sounds the child uses to distinguish between different meanings. Second, each child's consonant productions are arranged to show what sounds the child has learned to pronounce correctly. Third, each child's consonant productions are analyzed to ascertain what phonologic processes cause the child to pronounce certain sounds incorrectly. The sum of the three perspectives is intended to provide information that will be useful to both clinicians and researchers. PMID- 6233334 TI - Allergic contact dermatitis from rosin used as soldering flux. AB - Two cases of allergic contact dermatitis from soldering fluxes are reported. Both were caused by rosin (colophony). One case was confirmed by a positive patch test to rosin purchased from a commercial European patch test supplier. The other could be confirmed only by a positive patch test to the specific rosin used to flux the solder; repeated patch tests to rosin purchased from the same European supplier were negative. Dermatitis from soldering fluxes is reviewed. PMID- 6233336 TI - Mango sap and poison ivy dermatitis. PMID- 6233335 TI - Isotretinoin therapy for acne: results of a multicenter dose-response study. AB - One hundred fifty patients with treatment-resistant nodulocystic acne were entered into a double-blind clinical study. Three different dosing levels (0.1, 0.5, 1.0 mg/kg/day) were used in equal-sized groups. In addition to the clinical response, the clinical side effects, the laboratory abnormalities, and the duration of the induced remissions were evaluated with each dose of the drug. There was a highly significant clinical response to treatment with all three dosages of isotretinoin. There was no significant difference in the clinical response between dosages. However, 42% of the patients who received 0.1 mg/kg/day of isotretinoin required retreatment with the drug. This finding, coupled with only minor differences in the clinical side effects and the laboratory abnormalities, indicates that higher dose levels of isotretinoin are indicated for treatment of nodulocystic acne. PMID- 6233337 TI - Elevated creatine phosphokinase with isotretinoin. PMID- 6233338 TI - Reducing sensitizing potential by pharmaceutical and cosmetic design. AB - This article offers some considerations on the reduction of the sensitizing potential of pharmaceutical and cosmetic products by means of proper design. First, there is the obvious strategy of the elimination or reduction in the concentration of notorious sensitizers, but cross-reactions may be significant. The purity and standardization of both natural and synthetic products are of utmost importance. The role of antioxidants, sequestering agents, neutralizers, and quenching agents is discussed since such substances may inhibit the action or formation of skin-sensitizing products. PMID- 6233339 TI - Circulating immune complexes: their immunochemistry, biology, and detection in selected dermatologic and systemic diseases. AB - Circulating immune complexes (CICs) are a heterogeneous group of immunoreactants formed by the noncovalent union of antigen and antibody. Many factors influence the formation, immunochemistry, biology, and clearance of these soluble reactants. The recent development of sensitive assays for the detection of CICs and the capability to assess immune complex (IC) clearance mechanisms in humans in vivo have expanded our understanding of these mediators. CICs influence both the afferent and efferent limbs of the immune response and can mediate tissue damage in certain pathologic states. ICs probably play an important role in the pathogenesis of serum sickness, systemic lupus erythematosus, and cutaneous necrotizing vasculitis. Recent investigations have raised the possibility that CICs may be of significance in other types of vasculitis as well. In other instances, ICs may form in response to tissue injury and subsequently modify the immune response of the host. A review of this material with special emphasis on diseases of relevance to dermatologists is presented. PMID- 6233340 TI - Follicular mucinosis: a detailed morphologic and immunopathologic study. AB - Two patients with the benign type of follicular mucinosis (FM) are presented. Their clinical features and course were characteristic for this subgroup of FM. Light and electron microscopy, direct immunofluorescence, and immunoperoxidase cell marker studies were undertaken to characterize the nature of the disease process. Light microscopy confirmed the follicular outer root sheath and sebaceous gland epithelial degenerative changes. The infiltrating inflammatory cells were morphologically benign. Electron microscopy detailed the cellular associations in the areas of degenerative change. Disattached keratinocytes were closely apposed to significant numbers of macrophages and Langerhans cells. Direct immunofluorescence studies demonstrated primarily complement (C3) and fibrinogen/fibrin in areas of reticular degeneration. Immunoperoxidase studies revealed large numbers of T cells and macrophages and a striking increase in the number of Langerhans cells in the affected follicular epithelium. The findings suggest that cell-mediated immune mechanisms may play a role in the pathogenesis of this disorder. PMID- 6233341 TI - Contact sensitivity to topical corticosteroids. AB - Five cases of contact sensitivity to topical corticosteroids are described. Two of the five patients presented with chronic hand eczema that was nonresponsive to topical steroid therapy. The others had eruptions suggestive of contact dermatitis. One patient was allergic only to amcinonide , while the other reacted to multiple corticosteroids. Two of them were also sensitive to ethylenediamine. The level of sensitivity can be mild or severe, and some with mild patch test responses are allergic to multiple corticosteroids. These patients often have a history of chronic eczema, e.g., stasis dermatitis, and the presenting complaint ranges from a failure to heal to obvious contact dermatitis. Cross-reactions occur not infrequently (based on similarities in the structure of either the corticosteroid or the ester), but these patterns are probably not sufficiently reliable to use clinically without patch test confirmation. The only treatment required is removal from the offending agent(s) and substitution of a product that does not elicit a reaction on patch testing. The findings in ninety-five other case reports are reviewed, and a practical method for patch testing to these agents is presented. PMID- 6233342 TI - Isotretinoin and pregnancy. AB - Approximately 120,000 women of childbearing age used isotretinoin in the first 16 months after its release for the treatment of cystic acne. In September, 1983, the American Academy of Dermatology requested its members to relate the outcome of pregnancies of women inadvertently exposed to isotretinoin ( Accutane ) during pregnancy to its Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting System ( ADRRS ). Of nine pregnancies reported, seven ended in spontaneous abortion or the birth of an infant with birth defects. Of thirty-five pregnancies with isotretinoin exposure reported to the ADRRS or the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, twenty-nine (83%) resulted in spontaneous abortion or infants with birth defects. The most frequently reported severe birth defects involved the central nervous system (microcephaly or hydrocephalus) and the cardiovascular system (anomalies of the great vessels). Microtia or absence of external ears were also noted in a majority of cases. These findings illustrate the usefulness of specialty-based reporting of adverse drug effects and emphasize the teratogenic risk of isotretinoin in humans. Physicians need to fully and carefully inform women of childbearing age of these risks. PMID- 6233343 TI - Urticaria and fixed drug eruption in a patient treated with griseofulvin. AB - We report a case of urticaria and fixed drug eruption ( FDE ) caused by griseofulvin. Although griseofulvin-induced urticaria is well documented, FDE secondary to griseofulvin is distinctly uncommon. Moreover, the appearance of urticaria and FDE in the same patient following treatment with griseofulvin is, we believe, the first to be described in the literature. The concept of FDE is briefly reviewed. PMID- 6233344 TI - Antibiotic prophylaxis for the dental patient with cardiovascular disease. PMID- 6233345 TI - Plasma GABA levels in psychiatric illness. AB - In two separate studies, we have obtained plasma levels of GABA in 134 psychiatric patients and 22 normal controls. Patients with a unipolar affective disorder had levels significantly lower than control (n = 58) as did patients with alcoholism (n = 10). Patients with a bipolar affective disorder had levels significantly higher than control when manic (n = 28) and also when euthymic on lithium prophylaxis (n = 17), but levels in the control range when depressed (n = 4). Patients with schizophrenia demonstrated a high degree of variability in their levels of plasma GABA but were not statistically different from control (n = 36). Patients with unipolar depression who received a dexamethasone suppression test had no correlation between nonsuppression of cortisol secretion and plasma levels of GABA. Diagnostic and research implication of plasma GABA in psychiatric illness are discussed. PMID- 6233346 TI - Outcomes on lithium treatment as a tool for genetic studies in affective disorders. AB - From a genetic point of view, the application of mathematical models to affective disorders has not yet been useful, since they do not indicate a specific mode of transmission. To use these models correctly, we need to identify homogeneous genetic subgroups among those sharing the common phenotypic feature of affective illness. Our useful criterion for this is outcome on long-term lithium therapy, since experimental data suggest the existence of a close relationship between the genetic mechanisms that underly the affective disorders and those that underly outcome on lithium. We have studied 145 subjects with primary affective disorders, 92 of whom did not relapse during lithium treatment and 53 of whom did, together with 864 of their first-degree relatives. The data for both groups fit both single major locus and multifactorial polygenic models for genetic analysis, including a sex effect and therefore neither mode of transmission can be excluded. PMID- 6233347 TI - Reactive and endogenous depressive illness and five-year outcome. AB - Data on severe life events and major difficulties, collected by the Bedford College method from a consecutive series of 71 in-patients, diagnosed as suffering from depression using the Present State Examination, was used in order to divide the sample into those having endogenous and reactive illnesses. There was no distinctive clinical picture associated with either diagnosis and there were no important differences on any of the measures of outcome obtained from a postal and case note follow-up 5 years later. A similar comparison of reactive depressive psychosis and non-reactive depressive psychosis likewise produced no outstanding differences in clinical picture nor outcome. PMID- 6233348 TI - Patient attrition in a comparative outcome study of depression. A follow-up report. AB - Eighty-seven moderately to severely depressed psychiatric outpatients were randomly assigned to 12 weeks of cognitive therapy (n = 24), pharmacotherapy (n = 24), cognitive therapy plus pharmacotherapy (n = 22) or cognitive therapy plus active placebo (n = 17). Seventy patients completed the treatment protocol; 17 dropped out before the end of the treatment period. Completers and dropouts did not differ at pretreatment on demographic variables, measures of depression, cognitive functioning or social adjustment. Sixteen of the 17 patients who dropped out were followed up and interviewed to assess their clinical status and reasons for discontinuing treatment. Neither group remained depressed at follow up. Practical matters and issues related to the type of treatment received seemed to contribute most to patients' decision to drop out. Patients assigned to the combination therapies were more likely to complete the research protocol than those assigned to single treatment modalities. These findings are discussed in terms of their implications for clinical practice and outcome research. PMID- 6233349 TI - Concomitant isocarboxazid/mianserin treatment of major depressive disorder. AB - This paper reports combined antidepressant treatment with isocarboxazid /mianserin in 60 patients with endogenous depression/melancholia. The combination was used as the first drug treatment choice in 33 cases. Thirty-two patients obtained complete remission and one responded only incompletely. The depression improved after a few days' treatment, and full recovery was obtained after approximately 2 weeks. There were no serious side-effects or interactions, but weight gain was a common problem. PMID- 6233350 TI - Attrition in maintenance therapy for recurrent depression. A preliminary report. AB - All maintenance treatment programs are complicated by the issue of patient noncompliance. This report investigates factors contributing to noncompliance during a 2-year study designed to evaluate the efficacy of long-term antidepressant medication in patients with recurrent unipolar depression. Only 21 of 51 patients (49%) who entered maintenance treatment successfully completed this phase of the study. Fifteen patients (8 completers and 7 dropouts) were randomly selected for an interview which focused on their previous psychiatric treatment history and attitudes towards the maintenance treatment program. In addition, these patients also completed a comprehensive personality battery. Results indicate that, while both groups had similar attitudes about the treatment program, they differed significantly along personality and psychiatric treatment history variables. Dropouts scored higher than completers on a measure of hysterical personality style. They were also more likely to have received psychotherapy in previous treatment experiences and to rate it as beneficial, while completers consistently rated prior treatment, which did not include antidepressant medication, as being of no benefit whatsoever. In order to enhance patient compliance, it is important to obtain information early in treatment about patients' treatment histories and their expectations about effective treatment for depression. PMID- 6233351 TI - A psychoendocrine study of premenstrual tension syndrome. A model for endogenous depression? AB - We studied 42 women with severe Premenstrual Tension Syndrome (PMTS) and compared their clinical features and adrenocortical function with those seen in major depressive disorders. Self-report scales demonstrated that PMTS was very distressing, but the disturbance did not meet the RDC for Major Depressive Disorder -- endogenous subtype. Twenty-four hour urinary free cortisol estimation did not indicate cortisol hypersecretion and abnormal Dexamethasone Suppression Test results occurred much less frequently than is usual in endogenous depression. Adrenocortical function did not differ significantly between follicular and premenstrual phases. PMTS does not appear to be a psychoendocrine model for endogenous depression. PMID- 6233352 TI - An evaluation of two doses of isocarboxazid in depression. AB - Two fixed doses of isocarboxazid were studied over a 4-week period in depressed in-patients. Thirty-five patients completed treatment, 20 of whom received 30 mg isocarboxazid per day, and 15 of whom received 50 mg isocarboxazid per day. No overall difference between the two doses was observed. When patients were subdivided into melancholia/endogenous depression or non-melancholia/non endogenous depression, the higher dose exerted significantly greater antidepressant effects in the latter groups. Diagnostic type is considered to be an important variable in studies of dose-effect relationships with antidepressant drugs. The side effects of isocarboxazid at the two doses studied did not differ materially, although there was a suggestion of greater anticholinergic effect at 50 mg. PMID- 6233353 TI - Responses to phenelzine and amitriptyline absence of differential predictors by multiple regression analysis. AB - Multiple regression analyses using initial symptoms to predict outcome were carried out on data from an outpatient controlled comparison of amitriptyline, phenelzine and placebo. Separate analyses were carried out in the three treatment groups and regression equations were compared. Significant prediction was obtained only for phenelzine. On only one of three outcome measures analysed, however were there significant differences between treatment groups in regressions. Individual predictors were not easily interpretable. There was little evidence for different clinical predictors or response to phenelzine and amitriptyline in this sample. PMID- 6233354 TI - Understanding communication needs of older dental patients. PMID- 6233356 TI - Third-party payment for nutrition care services. AB - This survey was undertaken and is presented here to document the current status of third-party reimbursement for nutrition care services and to emphasize to all ADA members the urgent necessity for education of insurers, physicians, clients, and administrators. Escalating health care costs and the fervor for containment of these costs may at first paint a dismal picture--but it need not. It is a time of uncertainty, reconsideration, and policy evaluation for the insurance industry. Nutrition care services are vital to the health care delivery system, and it is your responsibility to publicize and promote that fact. Each of you must work at the local level with the insurance companies covering your clients, your local Blue Cross/Blue Shield plan, and the commercial carriers operating in your area. You must anticipate some resistance, questions, and possible first round rejection--but persist and be helpful so that all patients may profit from affordable, reimbursable nutrition care services. PMID- 6233355 TI - Severe combined immunodeficiency with natural killer-cell predominance: abrogation of graft-versus-host disease and immunologic reconstitution with HLA identical bone marrow cells. AB - A 3 1/2-month-old infant with severe combined immunodeficiency was found to have an unusual blood lymphocyte phenotype. Thirty percent of her cells formed rosettes with sheep erythrocytes, but only 7.9% reacted with the pan T monoclonal antibody OKT3, and 5% reacted with an antibody (OKT4)-recognizing T-helper cells. Surprisingly 19.4% of her cells reacted with an antibody (OKT8)-recognizing T suppressor cells and 94% reacted with OKT10 . Few reacted with other monoclonal antibodies detecting cellular activation antigens. Despite absence of T or B cell function, her monocyte-depleted blood lymphocytes caused a high degree of specific lysis of 51Cr-labeled K562 erythromyeloid cells in a natural killer-cell assay. Most of her lymphocytes were large and had azurophilic granules and a monocytoid nucleus. Because she had received a nonirradiated, unrelated red-cell transfusion 3 days earlier, 4.8 X 10(9) nucleated bone-marrow cells from her HLA identical brother were given shortly after admission. Two days later a graft versus-host reaction began but subsided completely within 3 days. On day 15 posttransplantation, a profuse secretory diarrhea began, accompanied by a rise in her serum IgE from 4 to 3000 IU. With engraftment, the number of T10+ cells and natural killer-cell function fell to normal, and full immunologic reconstitution was achieved. PMID- 6233357 TI - Adrenal and testicular function in boys affected by thalassemia. AB - The adrenal androgen secretion and testicular function were studied in 6 thalassemic boys aged between 16 and 20 years. Six normal boys of the same age and 6 at the same pubertal stage (P1 according to Tanner) were also studied as controls. Plasma testosterone levels were found significantly lower (p less than 0.001) in the thalassemic boys (0.8 +/- 0.1 ng/ml) than in healthy boys of the same age (3.4 +/- 1.01 ng/ml), but within the range of the healthy boys at the same pubertal stage (0.69 +/- 0.1 ng/ml). DHA-S, a marker of adrenal maturation, showed a similar pattern. The hCG test showed a significant (p less than 0.001) testosterone response in all 3 groups. The response of thalassemic boys (1.5 +/- 0.18 ng/ml) was similar to that of normal boys at stage P1 (1.8 +/- 0.31 ng/ml), but significantly lower (p less than 0.001) than the group of normal boys of the same age (12.5 +/- 3.2 ng/ml). The impaired adrenal and testicular activity is probably due to iron deposits in the endocrine glands. PMID- 6233358 TI - Preembedding labeling with biotinylated antibodies and subsequent visualization of the biotin groups exposed on thin sections. AB - The feasibility of labeling cell membranes with biotinylated ligands and detecting the biotin groups on thin sections was investigated. Fixed retinal tissue was incubated with biotinyl- antiopsin . Half of the biotinyl-antibody labeled retinal tissue was incubated with avidin-ferritin (AvF) and embedded in Epon (preembedding reaction). The second half was embedded in glutaraldehyde cross-linked bovine serum albumin (BSA). Thin sections of this preparation were incubated with AvF to detect biotinyl-antibodies exposed by the sectioning (postembedding reaction). Biotin groups on the thin section surface could be readily visualized with AvF. Stereoscopic images demonstrated that the ferritin particles were localized only on the exposed surface of the thin section. The labeling was highly specific, with a very low background. Quantitative analysis was employed in order to determine the optimal reaction conditions for maximizing the labeling density with minimizing nonspecific binding. The possibility of using biotinylated molecules in the study of dynamic cellular events and for the subsequent intracellular localization of biotin on thin sections is suggested. PMID- 6233359 TI - Generalized systemic and mucosal immunity in mice after mucosal stimulation with cholera toxin. AB - Cholera toxin (CT) has been found to be an extremely potent immunogen for mucosal IgA responses when administered via the intestine. This study has examined both mucosal and systemic immune responses after feeding CT and compared these responses with those obtained after feeding keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH), another protein that is strongly immunogenic in mice. Feeding CT to mice resulted not only in IgA antibody in intestinal secretions but also resulted in substantial plasma IgG and IgA antibody levels. Feeding KLH in much larger quantity resulted in little or no antibody response in intestinal secretions or plasma. Lymphoid cells from various tissues of mice fed CT were cultured in vitro for 10 days and the supernatant was tested for antibody to CT. Spontaneous antibody synthesis (no antigen added to cultures) was present in cultures of each cell type, but IgG anti-CT was found mainly in cultures of spleen and mesenteric lymph node cells and IgA anti-CT mainly in cultures of Peyer's patch and lamina propria cells. Peyer's patch cells cultured with CT as antigen synthesized both IgG and IgA anti-CT, suggesting that the antibody response to both isotypes originated in this site. Helper T cell activity for both IgA and IgG anti-CT was detected in spleens, mesenteric lymph nodes, and Peyer's patches. Lastly, when KLH and CT were fed to mice at the same time, an intestinal IgA anti-KLH and plasma IgG anti-KLH response was stimulated, a response pattern similar to that occurring to CT after CT was fed alone. We conclude that mucosal stimulation by CT generates both a systemic IgG and mucosal IgA response to this antigen, and that CT can cause a similar pattern of response to an unrelated protein antigen when both are administered into the intestine at the same time. The data favor the idea that both the IgG and IgA responses originate in GALT and then disseminate to other tissues. We propose that CT accomplishes these effects by altering the regulatory environment within GALT. PMID- 6233360 TI - Capacity of different cell types to stimulate cytotoxic T lymphocyte precursor cells in the presence of interleukin 2. AB - Plastic-adherent cells enriched for dendritic cells (AC) were found to be among the most potent stimulator cells for the activation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) in vitro in the presence of interleukin 2 (IL 2) and a constant second set of allogeneic stimulator cells. Concanavalin A-activated nylon wool-nonadherent spleen cells ( CNWT ), concanavalin A-activated unfractionated spleen cells ( Cspl ), and some variants of the ESb T lymphoma line were equally effective as stimulator cells, however, and provoked a substantial cytotoxic response at concentrations of 10(4) cells per culture or less. In contrast, nonactivated nylon wool-nonadherent spleen cells ( NWT ) or unfractionated spleen cells (Spl) and cells of the P815 mastocytoma, the Meth A fibrosarcoma, and the T cell lymphomas Ly 5178 Eb and ESb did not stimulate cytotoxic responses at these cell concentrations. The strong stimulatory potential of the Cspl preparation was reduced by treatment with anti-Thy-1 antibody plus complement, whereas the stimulatory activity of the AC preparation was resistant to this treatment. All cell types tested expressed class I major histocompatibility antigens. Nonactivated NWT cells, in contrast to the CNWT preparation, showed no detectable staining with anti-I-E or anti-I-A antibodies and also a slightly weaker staining with class I antisera. Experiments with the tumor cell lines revealed, however, that there was no strict correlation between stimulatory potential and density of class I alloantigens or the expression of I-E determinants. Experiments on primary cytotoxic responses in vivo gave similar results. Experiments in cultures with a single set of stimulator cells and I region-compatible responder cells indicated that AC and Cspl or CNWT also have a markedly stronger capacity than NWT to induce IL 2-dependent DNA synthesis. PMID- 6233361 TI - Regulation of the primary in vitro response to TNP-polymerized ovalbumin by T suppressor cells induced by ovalbumin feeding. AB - Spleen cells from DBA/2 mice that received a single feeding of 20 mg of ovalbumin (OVA) 7 days previously were specifically hyporesponsive to primary in vitro challenge with the thymic-dependent antigen TNP-polymerized ovalbumin (TNP-POL OVA). The tolerance observed in spleen cells from OVA-fed animals was dependent upon OVA-specific T suppressor cells, because splenic T cells from OVA-fed mice suppressed the primary response to TNP-POL-OVA of cultures containing normal T and B cells. The tolerance and suppression was OVA specific, because spleen cells from OVA-fed animals responded well to other antigens (including TNP on another carrier), and splenic T cells from OVA-fed mice did not affect the response of normal T and B cells to sheep erythrocytes. These data confirm the existence of T suppressor cells after OVA feeding and provide a direct means of assaying their activity in a primary in vitro response. PMID- 6233362 TI - Tolerance to Mls-disparate cells induces suppressor T cells that act at the helper level to prevent in vivo generation of cytolytic lymphocytes to hapten altered self. AB - We have been examining the mechanisms that control in vivo development and down regulation of cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTL) to trinitrophenyl (TNP)-altered self antigens. In vivo generation of hapten-specific CTL requires an auxiliary antigenic stimulus, which can be provided by H-2 compatible but Mls-disparate cells. These experiments were designed to study the effect of tolerization with such Mls-disparate cells on CTL development. C3H/HeN (H-2k, Mlsc ) mice sensitized in the footpads with C3H-TNP spleen cells plus CBA/J (H-2k, Mlsd ) spleen cells develop CTL in the draining lymph nodes that will lyse 51Cr-labeled TNP-modified C3H targets. However, we have found that if C3H/HeN mice are given tolerizing doses of CBA/J spleen cells 5 to 7 days before sensitization, a splenic suppressor T cell (Ts) appears. This Ts will suppress CTL development in its tolerant host, and can be transferred adoptively to function in naive mice. Ts and its precursor are cyclophosphamide insensitive and therefore different from the naturally existing suppressor cell present in mice. When triggered by cells with Mlsd , the Ts produces a factor (TsF) that hinders helper factors from functioning in an in vitro CTL assay. Furthermore, TsF acts to prevent utilization of IL 2 by an IL 2-dependent cell line. Thus, evidence has been provided that the in vivo generation of CTL toward hapten-altered self can be down regulated at the level of helper signals by a Ts. The latter is inducible by the Mls-disparate cells that are needed at a different site to trigger the helper factors in this CTL system. PMID- 6233363 TI - Isotype-specific human suppressor T cells for IgE synthesis activated by IgE-anti IgE immune complexes. AB - The ability of human IgE-anti-IgE (mouse hybridoma anti-Fc) immune complexes (IC) to generate suppressor T cells for human myeloma IgE synthesis in vitro was tested. T cells incubated with 0.1 micrograms/ml of IC that had an IgE to anti IgE ratio of 1:1 inhibited myeloma IgE synthesis by 16% more than the control (p less than 0.01). Inhibition was also seen with IC in which the IgE to anti-IgE ratio was higher (2:1 and 4:1), but these differences in synthesis were smaller and were not statistically significant (8 and 3%, respectively, p greater than 0.05). Thymidine incorporation by T cells incubated 3 days with 0.1 microgram/ml of IC at the 1:1 or 2:1 ratio was consistently greater (p less than 0.0025 and less than 0.0125, respectively) than by controls. The IC lost their ability to generate suppressor T cells when the cytophilic site on the IgE molecule was destroyed with heat treatment (0% inhibition with IC at 1:1 and 4% inhibition with IC at 2:1). The activation of T cells with IC showed isotype specificity because the activated T cells failed to suppress IgG and IgA synthesis by the lymphoblastoid cell lines GM-1500 and GM-1056, respectively. T cells were fractionated by incubation with IC and then were panned on plates coated with goat anti-mouse IgG. The adherent cells spontaneously suppressed IgE by 25% when compared to controls (p less than 0.005). These cells failed to suppress IgG and IgA. The activation of the T cells was not due to the panning process itself because activation did not occur with cells that adhered to plates coated with bovine serum albumin (p greater than 0.05) when compared to untreated T cell controls or the IC nonadherent population. These experiments extend previous findings that isotype-specific suppressor T cells for IgE synthesis can be generated in vitro. PMID- 6233364 TI - Differentiation of NK-like cells from OKT3-, OKT11+, and OKM1+ small resting lymphocytes by culture with autologous T cell blasts and lymphokine. AB - NK-like cells have been generated in vitro from a resting lymphocyte population of PBMC by 8 days culture with mitomycin C-treated autologous T cell blasts and lymphokine. The responder lymphocyte population was purified to the extent that it lacked classical NK cells, and lacked the precursors of MLC-derived NK-like cells and of lymphokine-activated killer cells. The NK-like cells were not generated when the responder lymphocytes were cultured with either T cell blasts or lymphokine alone. Thus, at least two signals are required for their activation. Metabolically inactive T cell blasts plus lymphokine were effective in stimulating the generation of NK-like cells, suggesting that a membrane determinant on the T cell blasts was involved in activation. The phenotype of the NK-like cells and their precursors was analyzed by monoclonal antibody and complement treatment. The phenotype of both precursor and effector cells was OKT3 , OKT11+, and OKM1+, with a distinct pattern of reactivity with OKT8 and Leu-7 for each individual donor tested. The NK-like cells were morphologically large granular lymphocytes, and they killed a variety of target cells. These studies show that signals provided by autologous T cell blasts and lymphokine are essential in triggering the differentiation of NK-like cells from appropriately purified resting lymphocytes. This mechanism of activation could occur in vivo, leading to the generation of NK cells subsequent to an antigen-specific T cell response. PMID- 6233365 TI - Interleukin 2 enhancement of lymphokine secretion by T lymphocytes: analysis of established clones and primary limiting dilution microcultures. AB - The effect of exogenous interleukin 2 (IL 2) on lymphokine production by T lymphocytes was examined in two systems: the secretion of macrophage-activating factor (MAF) and interferon (IFN) by cloned long-term T cell lines, and a limiting dilution system for estimating the frequency of precursors of MAF secreting cells in normal spleen. An IL 2-containing, MAF- and IFN-free supernatant from the EL-4 thymoma (EL-4 SN) significantly enhanced release of MAF and IFN by mitogen- or antigen-stimulated, cytolytic or noncytolytic T lymphocyte clones directed against alloantigens or Moloney leukemia virus-associated antigens. Highly purified IL 2 produced equivalent enhancement as EL-4 SN in cultures of alloreactive clones stimulated with concanavalin A. Kinetics experiments showed that EL-4 SN increased both the rate and duration of MAF release by T cell clones. EL-4 SN also increased MAF production when added during restimulation of limiting dilution cultures of positively selected Lyt-2+ and Lyt 2- C57BL/6 splenic T lymphocytes activated against DBA/2 alloantigens. This enhancement resulted in a threefold increase in the apparent precursor frequency of MAF-secreting cells among Lyt-2+ lymphocytes, but did not affect the frequency among Lyt-2- cells. Additional analysis indicated that average MAF production in cultures of Lyt-2-+ cells was sixfold lower than in cultures of Lyt-2- cells, and hence that EL-4 SN allowed detection of a significant proportion of Lyt-2+ cell cultures secreting low levels of MAF. Under these improved conditions, the MAF assay detected the majority of responding Lyt-2+ and Lyt-2- lymphocytes. PMID- 6233366 TI - Altered surface distribution of both C3b receptors and Fc receptors on neutrophils induced by anti-C3b receptor or aggregated IgG. AB - Human neutrophils to which monospecific Fab' or F(ab')2 anti-C3b receptor had been bound at 0 degrees C were incubated for timed intervals at temperatures ranging from 0 degrees C to 37 degrees C, after which the cells were labeled with TRITC -conjugated second antibody. Neutrophils bearing Fab' anti-C3b receptor and incubated for up to 30 min at 37 degrees C, and cells bearing F(ab')2 anti-C3b receptor and incubated at 0 degrees C, exhibited diffusely distributed punctate clusters of receptors. Neutrophils bearing the bivalent anti-receptor and incubated at 30 degrees C or 37 degrees C for 5 min had redistributed C3b receptors into caps and patches that were associated with subplasmalemmal accumulations of myosin. The redistribution of cross-linked C3b receptors was inhibited by pretreatment of the neutrophils with either cytochalasin D or chlorpromazine. On approximately one-half of the cells demonstrating capped C3b receptors there was a corresponding redistribution of Fc receptors, as demonstrated by subsequent binding of FITC-aggregated IgG (FITC agg-IgG). In contrast, capping of C3b receptors did not alter the diffuse distribution of HLA A on these cells. Cross-linking of Fc receptors on neutrophils by FITC agg-IgG also induced temperature-dependent capping of these receptors that was inhibited by cytochalasin D and chlorpromazine. In approximately one-half of the cells demonstrating capped Fc receptors, subsequent labeling of C3b receptors revealed a similar redistribution of these receptors. Thus, the neutrophil responds to cross-linking of either C3b receptors or Fc receptors by a cytoskeletal-dependent rearrangement of both receptors that causes their overlapping topographic distribution, demonstrating a form of cooperative interaction between these two types of receptors that are involved in the phagocytic reactions of these cells. PMID- 6233367 TI - Streptococcal Fc receptors. I. Isolation and partial characterization of the receptor from a group C streptococcus. AB - A receptor for the Fc region of immunoglobulin G was extracted from a group C streptococcus, purified and physicochemically characterized. The Fc receptor was extracted in high yield by lysis of the bacteria after infection with bacteriophage. The soluble receptor was purified to functional homogeneity by sequential chromatography on cellulose phosphate, DEAE, and selective elution from a column of immobilized human IgG. Four hundred micrograms of the functionally pure protein was obtained per gram (wet weight) of bacteria extracted. The affinity-purified receptor was functionally homogeneous in binding to the Fc region of human IgG; however, the product was heterogeneous on both non denaturing and SDS polyacrylamide gels. Four major protein bands were observed, with the predominant form of the Fc receptor having an m.w. of 64,000 daltons. Antibody prepared against the major Fc receptor protein ( FcRc -II) was capable of reacting with all the fractions and completely inhibiting functional activity. The results of the competitive binding studies suggest that the purified Fc receptor behaves as a single receptor, and that the differences in charge and size were probably due to covalently bound cell wall constituents. PMID- 6233368 TI - Streptococcal Fc receptors. II. Comparison of the reactivity of a receptor from a group C streptococcus with staphylococcal protein A. AB - The reactivity of a soluble Fc receptor from a group C streptococcus ( FcRc ) was compared antigenically and functionally with the staphylococcal Fc receptor, protein A. Protein A and FcRc were found to inhibit each others' binding to the Fc region of human IgG, indicating that they bind to sites that are in close proximity on the Fc region of human IgG. The two bacterial Fc receptors were antigenically unrelated. Differences were observed in the species and subclass reactivity of the two receptors. The patterns of binding of protein A and FcRc under various conditions suggested that these receptors reacted with distinct regions on the Fc region of immunoglobulins. FcRc bound more efficiently to goat, sheep, and cow IgG, protein A bound more efficiently to dog IgG, and neither receptor bound to rat IgG. Differences were also observed in the reactivity towards human IgG subclasses. The FcRc bound to all samples of the four human IgG subclass standards. Protein A bound to IgG1, IgG2, and IgG4, and to one of two IgG3 myeloma proteins tested. The reactivity of our soluble FcRc corresponds to a type III streptococcal Fc receptor classified by the reactivity of intact bacteria. PMID- 6233369 TI - Rapidly expanded activated human killer cell clones have strong antitumor cell activity and have the surface phenotype of either T gamma, T-non-gamma, or null cells. AB - Cloned lymphoid cell lines showing cytolytic activity were derived from natural killer (NK) cell-enriched cell fractions obtained by fluorescence-activated cell sorting of cells that reacted with B73 .1, an NK cell-specific monoclonal antibody (MCA). The clones were cultured for more than 30 generations (i.e., more than 10(9) descendants from a single cell). The rapid expansion was achieved by using a special culture system developed for this purpose and based on the use of two types of allogeneic feeder cells. Three phenotypically different types of cytotoxic clones were obtained. These clones showed a broad spectrum of cytolytic activity against several NK-susceptible and NK-nonsusceptible tumor target cells. One of these clones had the following binding pattern to MCA: B73 .1+, T3-, T4-, T8-, HNK1 -, and Lyt-3-. These cells formed rosettes with IgG-coated erythrocytes but not with sheep erythrocytes, and therefore might be null cell-derived. Most of the cytotoxic clones showed the following phenotype: B73 .1+, T3-, T4-, T8-, HNK1 -, Lyt-3+, E+, and EA-gamma +. These clones were probably derived from T gamma cells. In addition, one clone with cytolytic activity was derived from B73 .1- cells. This had the phenotype B73 .1-, T3+, T4-, T8-, HNK1 -, Lyt-3+, E+, and EA-gamma-, and may be of T-non-gamma cell origin. About 10 noncytolytic clones showed the phenotype B73 .1-, T3+, T4, or T8+, HNK1 -, Lyt-3+, Ia+, E+, and EA gamma -. An absolute correlation was found between the presence of the B73 .1 antigen, the absence of the T3 marker, and the capacity of the cells to form EA rosettes. Furthermore, all clones except one (Lyt-3-) formed E rosettes. Although the in vitro life span varied from clone to clone, B73 .1- clones generally grew faster and for longer times (greater than or equal to 50 generations) than did B73 .1+ ones (less than or equal to 40 generations). The cytolytic activity, cell surface phenotype as determined with MCA, rosette formation, and target cell specificity spectrum remained stable over the entire culture period. We conclude that the majority of the activated MHC-nonrestricted cytolytic clones obtained in this culture system show a particular phenotype. These cells can be expanded to large numbers. Whether or not these clones might be derived from B73 .1+, HNK1 + NK cells with the morphologic appearance of large granular lymphocytes will be discussed. PMID- 6233370 TI - Inhibition of T cell responses to alloantigens and polyclonal mitogens by Ly-5 antisera. AB - The effects of Ly-5 alloantisera on the generation of cytotoxic T cells (CTL), on the effector phase of CTL killing, and on polyclonal mitogenesis were studied. Ly 5 antisera added at the beginning of mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC) suppressed the production of CTL in an allele-specific manner. Neither Ly-5.1 nor Ly-5.2 antisera inhibited the generation of cytotoxic effectors by Ly-5.1/Ly-5.2 heterozygous spleen cells; however, a combination of Ly-5.1 and Ly-5.2 antisera markedly suppressed the appearance of Ly-5 heterozygous CTL. Similarly, Ly-5 antisera inhibited the effector phase of CTL killing in an allele-specific manner. In addition, Ly-5 alloantisera specifically blocked concanavalin A and oxidative mitogenesis of splenocytes carrying the appropriate Ly-5 alloantigen. The results are discussed in light of a possible functional role of Ly-5 molecules in immune processes. PMID- 6233371 TI - The Fc receptor for IgG on human natural killer cells: phenotypic, functional, and comparative studies with monoclonal antibodies. AB - We compare five monoclonal antibodies ( B73 .1, 3G8 , Leu- 11a , Leu- 11b , and VEP13 ) that react with natural killer (NK) cells and polymorphonuclear cells (PMN). We show that all of these antibodies are directed against and inhibit the functional properties of the receptor for the Fc portion of IgG (FcR). Modulation of the FcR on NK cells after reaction with immune complexes induces the disappearance of the antigen(s) recognized by each of the five antibodies. Conversely, the antibodies block binding of IgG-sensitized erythrocytes to the NK cells and PMN and inhibit their ability to mediate cytotoxicity against antibody sensitized tumor target cells. By using two-color immunofluorescence techniques, we characterize directly the lymphocyte population recognized by these antibodies and show that it is a homogeneous subset that does not bear markers of either B or T cells, with the exception of the 33,000 dalton antigen characteristic of suppressor/cytotoxic T cells present in 20 to 50% of the cells, and the 45,000 dalton receptor for sheep erythrocytes present on 80 to 90% of the cells. The phenotype of the cells reacting with the monoclonal antibodies corresponds to that of NK cells. Cross-competition experiments indicate that these antibodies detect at least two distinct epitopes on FcR, one ( B73 .1) preferentially expressed on NK cells and one or more ( 3G8 /Leu- 11a /Leu- 11b / VEP13 ) preferentially expressed on PMN. The lack of reactivity of these antibodies with B cells suggests that human B cells bear a different FcR from that on NK cells and PMN. PMID- 6233372 TI - Induction of suppressor T cells by interleukin 2. AB - The optimal concentration of interleukin 2 (IL 2) for maintaining the in vitro growth of T cells was quite different from that required for the induction of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) in nu/nu spleen cells. Higher concentrations of IL 2-containing preparations (10 to 30% v/v or 5 to 15 U/ml) were needed to promote the T cell growth, whereas lower concentrations (1 to 3% v/v or 0.5 to 1.5 U/ml) were needed to generate alloreactive CTL. It was further shown that the addition of high concentrations of IL 2 (10 to 30%) suppressed the generation of alloreactive CTL in conventional MLC. High concentrations of IL 2 induced the generation of antigen-nonspecific suppressor T cells in normal spleen cell cultures and augmented the generation of antigen-specific suppressor T cells in MLC. These suppressor cells suppressed the generation of CTL in fresh MLC and in polyclonal CTL cultures. These suppressor T cells could be induced by rat (spleen)-produced, murine (EL-4 cells) produced IL 2 preparations, and a purified human recombinant IL 2 (HR-IL2). The ability to induce suppressor cells correlated with the activity of IL 2 present in these preparations and was independent of their ability to induce cytotoxic effectors. These findings indicate that IL 2 may play a dual role in the regulation of CTL responses. We suggest that during antigen sensitization, the initial endogenous production of lower levels of IL 2 provided the second signal for the differentiation and proliferation of CTL. When higher levels of IL 2 were produced later, the suppressor T cell precursors were activated and differentiated into suppressor effectors to regulate the CTL response. PMID- 6233373 TI - Early loss of precursors of CTL and IL 2-producing cells in the development of neonatal tolerance to alloantigens. AB - Bulk culture and limiting dilution analysis (LDA) were used to follow the ontogeny of the tolerant state in CBA/ HT6T6 mice neonatally tolerized to allogeneic histocompatibility antigens. Advantage was taken of the fact that the lymph nodes (LN) of young mice show immunocompetence before spleen cells do, allowing analysis of actual reactivity as early as 1 wk of age. At 1 wk, the LN cells of mice tolerized i.v. showed a loss of CTL reactivity in bulk culture specific for the tolerizing antigens; a corresponding specific decrease was seen in the frequency of CTL precursors (CTLp). At the same age, however, proliferative responses and interleukin 2 (IL 2) production in MLC were nonspecifically depressed in the tolerized animals. LDA of IL 2 producer precursor frequency (IL- 2Tp ) showed that there was a nonspecific loss of 50% of functional alloreactive IL- 2Tp , accompanied by a larger specific decrease of 90% in the frequency of IL- 2Tp responding to the injected alloantigens. These characteristics of the tolerant state persisted through at least 4 wk of age. Neither the proliferative nor CTL response deficiencies could be overcome by the addition of Con A supernatant containing IL 2. Mixing experiments failed to show evidence of suppressor cell involvement in the loss of the proliferative response. Our results indicate that the specific loss of alloreactivity after tolerization is due to clonal inactivation or deletion of both CTLp and IL- 2Tp , which is obvious as early as 7 days of age. In addition, the differences in the specificity of the clonal inactivation between CTLp and IL- 2Tp suggest the existence of independent mechanisms for tolerization. PMID- 6233374 TI - Fibronectin enhances macrophage association with invasive forms of Trypanosoma cruzi. AB - Treatment of either mouse peritoneal macrophages (MPH) or invasive blood forms of Trypanosoma cruzi with human plasma fibronectin (FN) significantly enhanced their association (a term to mean surface attachment and parasite internalization) with the untreated counterpart in a dose-dependent manner. This effect involved increases in the percentage of MPH that associated with the parasites and in the number of parasites per MPH. By using indirect immunofluorescence, the percentages of FN-positive MPH and FN-positive parasites found in preparations of these cells were 26 and 13%, respectively, and increased to 70 and 73%, respectively, after incubation with FN for 60 min and multiple washings. These results demonstrated the presence of FN itself and FN-binding sites on the surface of MPH and T. cruzi. Incubation of FN-treated MPH and FN-treated parasites with gelatin, for which FN has a binding site, significantly reduced the stimulatory effect of FN. A reduction was also seen when FN-treated MPH were incubated with anti-FN antibody before adding the parasites. These observations suggested that FN might enhance association by bridging the interacting cells. The presence of excess soluble FN during MPH-parasite interaction also inhibited the association, possibly by blocking FN receptors on the MPH and parasite surfaces. Pretreatment of the MPH with FN enhanced the capacity of these cells to associate with either untreated latex beads or killed T. cruzi. These findings indicated, on the one hand, that the FN-mediated enhancement was not unique to living T. cruzi and, on the other, that this enhancement was not likely due to an FN-induced alteration of the MPH membrane that would render it more susceptible to active penetration by the parasites. Taken together, these results suggest that FN, produced by MPH, may play a role in infection of this cell type by T. cruzi. PMID- 6233375 TI - Establishment of a tumor-specific immunotherapy model utilizing TNP-reactive helper T cell activity and its application to the autochthonous tumor system. AB - Preinduction of potent hapten-reactive helper T cell activity and subsequent immunization with hapten-coupled syngeneic tumor cells result in enhanced induction of tumor-specific immunity through T-T cell collaboration between anti hapten helper T cells and tumor-specific effector T cells. On the basis of this augmenting mechanism, a tumor-specific immunotherapy protocol was established in which a growing tumor regresses by utilizing a potent trinitrophenyl (TNP)-helper T cell activity. C3H/He mice were allowed to generate the amplified (more potent) TNP-helper T cell activity by skin painting with trinitrochlorobenzene (TNCB) after pretreatment with cyclophosphamide. Five weeks later, the mice were inoculated intradermally with syngeneic transplantable X5563 tumor cells. When TNCB was injected into X5563 tumor mass, an appreciable number of growing tumors, in the only group of C3H/He mice in which the amplified TNP-helper T cell activity had been generated were observed to regress (regressor mice). These regressor mice were shown to have acquired tumor-specific T cell-mediated immunity. Such immunity was more potent than that acquired in mice whose tumor was simply removed by surgical resection. These results indicate that in situ TNP haptenation of the tumor cells in TNP-primed mice can induce the enhanced tumor specific immunity leading to the regression of a growing tumor. Most importantly, the present study further investigates the applicability of this TNP immunotherapy protocol to an autochthonous tumor system. The results demonstrate that an appreciable percent of growing methylcholanthrene-induced autochthonous tumors regressed by the above TNP immunotherapy protocol. Thus, the present model provides an effective maneuver for tumor-specific immunotherapy in syngeneic transplantable as well as autochthonous tumor systems. PMID- 6233376 TI - Murine IgA binding factors produced by Fc alpha R(+) T cells: role of Fc gamma R(+) cells for the induction of Fc alpha R and formation of IgA-binding factor in Con A-activated cells. AB - The relationship between the production of a T cell factor having affinity for IgA (IgA-binding factor(s); IgA BF) and the expression of Fc receptors specific for IgA (Fc alpha R) was studied by using murine spleen cells activated with concanavalin A (Con A blasts). Fc alpha R was detected by the cytophilic binding of anti-TNP murine IgA myeloma protein (MOPC 315 IgA) to Con A blasts as determined by an indirect rosette method with trinitrophenylated sheep red blood cells (TNP-SRBC). After 18 hr preculture with IgA, Fc alpha R was expressed on 15 to 20% of Con A blasts, which released IgA BF suppressing the in vitro IgA synthesis of the spleen cells stimulated with pokeweed mitogen (PWM). Without preculture with IgA, there was neither induction of Fc alpha R nor the production of IgA BF from Con A blasts. Fc alpha R was not induced on Con A blasts by IgA if Fc gamma R(+) cells were depleted from the blasts by rosetting with SRBC sensitized with rabbit IgG antibody (EA gamma). Even after preculture with IgA, the suppressive IgA BF was undetectable in the culture supernatant of Con A blasts depleted of the Fc gamma R(+) cell population. By using a double rosette method with EA gamma and trinitrophenylated quail red blood cells, Fc alpha R proved to be co-expressed on Fc gamma R(+) precursor T cells in the Con A blasts. The results suggested that both Fc gamma R and Fc alpha R could be co-expressed on Con A blasts, as is the case with T2D4 Fc gamma R(+), Fc alpha R(+) T hybridoma cells, which are known to produce IgG-binding factor(s) (IgG BF) and IgA BF. The relationship between Fc gamma R and Fc alpha R on a single cell was studied by using monoclonal anti-Fc gamma R antibody (2. 4G2 ). The reactivity of 2. 4G2 antibody with T cell Fc gamma R was proved by the inhibition of EA gamma rosette formation by Con A blasts or T2D4 cells. The addition of 2. 4G2 monoclonal antibody, however, did not affect the induction of Fc alpha R on Con A blasts by IgA. Furthermore, the binding of IgA to Fc alpha R already expressed on L5178Y T lymphoma cell line cells was not inhibited by the monoclonal antibody. The results confirmed that Fc alpha R are distinct from Fc gamma R co-expressed on the same Con A blasts, and that the expression of Fc alpha R on Fc gamma R(+) T cells and their production of suppressive IgA BF may be induced by the binding of IgA to Fc alpha R. PMID- 6233378 TI - Risk of serum hepatitis following laparoscopic sterilisation. PMID- 6233377 TI - Generation, characterization and ELISA of monospecific antibodies against the subunits of a Ca2+-dependent protein kinase and a Ca2+-transport ATPase from rabbit skeletal muscle. AB - Monospecific precipitating sheep antibodies were generated for the first time against the purified, homogeneous alpha-, beta- and gamma-subunits of the Ca2+ dependent protein kinase, phosphorylase kinase, from rabbit muscle. As reference, antibodies against the holoenzyme and the CA2+-transport ATPase of sarcoplasmic reticulum were induced. In all cases antibody titers could be quantitated (standard error 5-10%) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Differentiation of antibody binding was achieved by quantitative precipitation and complement fixation assays. In general maximal antibody titers were reached 56 days after primary immunization and high titers (approximately 5000) were maintained for several weeks. Anti-alpha, anti-beta and anti-gamma avidly precipitate the denatured subunits employed as immunogens as well as the native enzyme. No cross reactivity between antibodies against a specific subunit and any of the other heterologous subunits was demonstrable in double immunodiffusion assays providing no evidence for immunologically identical sites on the alpha-, beta- and gamma subunits. Since anti-alpha, anti-beta and anti-gamma strongly inhibit enzyme activity, it is likely that they do so primarily by sterically interfering with the binding of the large substrate phosphorylase b (Mr 2.0 X 10(5)) to phosphorylase kinase (Mr 1.3 X 10(6)). It cannot be excluded, however, that anti beta and anti-gamma bind to the active sites on these 2 subunits. PMID- 6233379 TI - Etretinate: effect of milk intake on absorption. AB - Since etretinate, an aromatic retinoid useful in the treatment of psoriasis and other skin disorders is lipid-soluble, it may be poorly absorbed in the absence of a fat load. We therefore studied serum concentrations of etretinate and its major metabolite (Ro 10-1670) after the controlled administration of etretinate. After an overnight fast, 6 Darier's disease and 4 psoriatic patients received a 1 mg/kg morning dose of etretinate with water or 1 pint of whole milk (fat load). There was a 260% increase (p less than 0.0005) in the mean of each patient's increase in the baseline-corrected peak serum concentration of etretinate after administration with milk (115 +/- 15 micrograms/dl) compared to after administration with water (32 +/- 4 micrograms/dl). Over a 24-h period there was an overall 296 +/- 26% (p less than 0.0005) increase in serum etretinate after administration with milk compared to water in 5 patients with Darier's disease. In contrast to the serum etretinate, there was a 17% mean decrease (p less than 0.025) in the corrected peak serum concentration of Ro 10-1670 in all 10 patients after administration of etretinate with milk compared to water. The net result of these alterations is that the mean corrected serum concentration of etretinate is higher than Ro 10-1670 at all time points measured after milk administration. In contrast, after administration of etretinate with water the major retinoid in the serum is Ro 10-1670. Establishing the clinical significance of these alterations may require controlled clinical trials. PMID- 6233380 TI - Cellular immunity to the mouse pneumonitis agent. AB - During infection with the mouse pneumonitis biovar of Chlamydia trachomatis, heterozygous (nu/+) mice with relatively intact T cell function develop both delayed hypersensitivity to C trachomatis antigen and antigen-specific lymphocyte transformation, whereas athymic nude (nu/nu) mice do not. Nu/nu mice are protected against death from mouse pneumonitis by transfer of immune T cells from nu/+ mice, which are more resistant to C trachomatis. While this enables athymic mice to make antibody to C trachomatis (which does not occur without reconstitution), resistance correlates best with development of antigen-specific lymphocyte transformation in the recipient animals. During infection nu/+ mice develop activated alveolar macrophages (by both morphological and functional criteria) while nu/nu mice do not. Nu/+ mice that have been preinfected with Histoplasma capsulatum to activate cellular immunity become more resistant to C trachomatis than do nu/+ controls. Cell-mediated immunity to C trachomatis pneumonia is T cell dependent and is important in host defense. PMID- 6233381 TI - [Role of left ventricular relaxation on transmitral flow dynamics during early diastole: pulsed Doppler flowmetry]. AB - The role of left ventricular (LV) relaxation in the determination of transmitral flow dynamics was studied with pulsed Doppler flowmetry and high fidelity tip manometry in various cardiac diseases. Study population consisted of 14 cardiac patients (pts) with sinus rhythm, including 4 pts with chest pain syndrome, 4 with myocardial infarction, 3 with effort angina and 3 with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. The acceleration of early diastolic inflow velocity (AC), the peak of early diastolic inflow velocity (peak EFV ) and the deceleration after the peak (DC) were determined from the phasic transmitral flow pattern. Hemodynamic parameters, i.e., cardiac index, mean pulmonary wedge pressure (PWP), peak positive dP/dt and the time constant of isovolumic LV pressure decay (T) were measured during cardiac catheterization. Decreases in AC, peak EFV and DC were accompanied by prolongation of T with correlation coefficient of -.851 (p less than .001), -.808 (p less than .001) and -.697 (p less than .01), respectively, indicating that impaired LV relaxation slows down the early diastolic LV filling irrespective of underlying cardiac disease. LV filling pressure did not appear as a predominant factor affecting the early diastolic filling in the pts studied, as indicated by an insignificant correlation between any of these flow indices and PWP. Also, no significant relations were found between the flow indices and other hemodynamic parameters. These results indicate that LV relaxation plays a primary role in determining the extent of the early diastolic filling. Pulsed Doppler flowmetry provides a new approach to evaluate the impairment of LV relaxation noninvasively and sensitively in cardiac disease. PMID- 6233382 TI - [Immune functions of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: abnormalities of immune regulatory circuits activated by autologous mixed lymphocyte reactions and their correction by addition of interleukin 2]. PMID- 6233384 TI - Malignant skin tumors presenting as seborrheic keratosis. PMID- 6233383 TI - Correlation between prolonged bleeding time and depletion of platelet dense granule ADP in patients with myelodysplastic and myeloproliferative disorders. AB - Nine patients with myelodysplasia or myeloproliferative syndrome were studied with respect to platelet count and volume, 51Cr and 14C-serotonin platelet kinetics, bleeding time, and platelet dense and alpha-granule contents. Platelet counts ranged from 45,000 to 293,000 platelets/microliters. The bleeding time was significantly longer (greater than 4 minutes) than the predicted value in seven of nine patients. All patients had significant dense granule storage pool depletion (thrombin-releasable ADP was 0.59 +/- 0.30 vs. 2.41 +/- 0.20 mumol per 10(11) platelets in patients compared with normal volunteers; total platelet ADP was 0.97 +/- 0.29 vs. 2.72 +/- 0.15, and total platelet ATP/ADP was 4.77 +/- 1.89 vs. 1.65 +/- 0.11). The prolongation in bleeding time correlated inversely with thrombin-releasable ADP (r = -0.637, p less than 0.01) and with total ADP (r = 0.832, p less than 0.005), and directly with the ATP/ADP ratio (r = 0.781, p less than 0.005). When autologous platelets were doubly labeled with 14C-serotonin and 51Cr to test for loss of dense granule contents, marked preferential shortening of the 14C-serotonin platelet disappearance curve with relation to 51Cr platelet survival was observed in five of the six patients (six normal participants uniformly showed 14C-serotonin platelet disappearance patterns that were 15% to 20% longer than 51Cr platelet survivals). Reduction in alpha-granule contents was less striking and occurred less frequently than dense granule depletion (two of nine values were significantly reduced for platelet factor 4 content, whereas all patients had significantly reduced dense granule ADP levels). Mean plasma levels of both platelet factor 4 and beta-thromboglobulin were elevated in patients compared with normal participants (4.1 +/- 3.2 and 26.6 +/- 12.3 vs. 1.8 +/- 1.0 and 6.0 +/- 3.6 ng/ml; p less than 0.01 and p less than 0.01, respectively). Two patients had elevated urinary platelet factor 4. There was no correlation between platelet factor 4 content and thrombin-releasable platelet ADP levels (r = 0.167, p greater than 0.1). These patients had acquired storage pool deficiency of platelet dense granule ADP that correlated directly with platelet dysfunction, as measured by prolongation of bleeding time. The reduction in dense granule constituents appears to be the consequence of an ongoing loss of dense granule contents from circulating platelets. PMID- 6233385 TI - Ability, dis-ability and rehabilitation: a phenomenological description. AB - " Uprightness " was termed the " leitmotive in the formation of the human organism" by Erwin Straus (1966, p. 139). He felt that without it the human being was certainly doomed to die. Yet, what happens with those who are deprived of their " uprightness " in either the literal or moral sense (as in "not to stoop to anything"), through becoming Dis- abled ? Getting up, rising in opposition to the "other" ( Allon ) implies a moral dimension in the case of human Dis-ability which is tied to the leitmotiv established by the upright posture of anthropos . The suggestion that there is a moral dimension to Dis-ability is a radical notion in a culture whose health professionals have become very sensitive to any idea that suggests we are blaming those who through no fault of their own have become in some way disadvantaged as compared to the mainstream of society. Although the importance of rising in opposition to the world ( Allon ) was perhaps originally established upon the upright posture quite literally, because man is a sense making and sense-giving creature , this primordial act which establishes our full humanity may itself be represented and re-enacted in a variety of ways which can and should become the central project of rehabilitation of the body, as opposed to the current emphasis on technique and technological innovation. It is in the changing physiognomy of the Dis- abled person's ruptured world that we may discover the phenomenological sense of Dis-ability. PMID- 6233386 TI - Human T lymphocyte subpopulations in chronic periapical lesions. PMID- 6233387 TI - Control of the function of substrate-bound C4b-C3b by the complement receptor Cr1. AB - The complement fragments C3b and C4b are the main ligands for the membrane receptor CR1. We showed elsewhere that CR1 functions as an essential cofactor for the factor I-mediated enzymatic breakdown of membrane-bound C3b (*C3b) into C3c and * C3dg . One of the main findings of the present paper is that CR1 also promotes the degradation of bound C4b (*C4b) into C4c and *C4d. On a weight basis, the cofactor activity of CR1 in the cleavage of *C4b present on the cell intermediate EAC14 is 10(3)-fold greater than that of the serum cofactor C4 binding protein ( C4bp ). An additional finding is that the effect of CR1 on either *C3b or *C4b is modulated by the presence of the other ligand in its vicinity; that is, *C4b degradation by CR1 plus I is enhanced by neighboring *C3b and vice versa. For example, upon uptake of optimal amounts of *C3b onto EAC142 and the assembly of the C3-convertase EAC1423 , the activity of CR1 in generating C4c is enhanced 5-10 times further. Conversely, when the number of *C3b molecules on EAC1423 is relatively small (or when EAC1423 has been converted by I plus H into EAC1423i ), the presence of neighboring *C4b enhances the conversion of *C3b (or *iC3b) into C3c plus * C3dg . The enhancing effect of *C3b on the cleavage of *C4b by I is observed only if the cofactor of this reaction is CR1. Indeed, the activity of I or I plus C4bp on *C4b is significantly inhibited when *C3b is fixed and the main product of the reaction is * iC4b . Taken together, these findings suggest that degradation of *C4b will be more effective when enough C3b molecules are fixed nearby, thus facilitating the interaction of *C4b*3b clusters with CR1-bearing cells, and that under physiological conditions, *C4b activity can be efficiently controlled by CR1. PMID- 6233388 TI - The murine lymphocyte receptor for IgE. II. Characterization of the multivalent nature of the B lymphocyte receptor for IgE. AB - The murine B lymphocyte Fc epsilon R is functionally multivalent. Radiolabeled rat IgE, when bound to the B cell Fc epsilon R will co-isolate with the Fc epsilon R on a rat IgE affinity column; examination of the affinity column eluate by SDS-PAGE reveals the component previously identified as the Fc epsilon R as well as E and L chains from IgE. At low levels of Fc epsilon R saturation, up to 30% of the Fc epsilon R bound IgE becomes bound to IgE-Affi-Gel. By using a biotin-avidin system, the coprecipitation of non-haptenated IgE with haptenated IgE was examined and the results suggest (but do not prove) a divalent receptor. PMID- 6233390 TI - Phosphoglucomutase types in blood and hair roots taken from post-transfusion subjects. AB - Pre- and post-transfusion blood samples were collected from 22 subjects together with the corresponding plucked hair samples taken 2 days and 2 weeks after the transfusion. The phosphoglucomutase1 (PGM1) subphenotypes of blood and hair were determined by isoelectric focusing and the phenotypes confirmed by gel electrophoresis. Many of the post-transfusion blood samples showed an alteration in the PGM1 bands when compared with the pre-transfusion samples. However, the PGM1 types determined from the hair samples were identical to the corresponding pre-transfusion samples in all cases. PMID- 6233391 TI - A forensic science approach to a starved child. AB - A 19-month-old, 3.6-kg (8-lb) female child dies after a protracted course. The child was premature and suffered a stormy perinatal and postnatal period. When there is underlying disease or a condition potentially sufficient in and of itself to result in a "starved child," isolation of the results of potential neglect presents particular difficulties. The approach to the resolution of this question will be addressed. PMID- 6233389 TI - The simultaneous electrophoretic analysis of esterase D and phosphoglucomutase subtyping in fresh blood and in dried bloodstains. AB - Phosphoglucomutase1 (PGM) subtyping and esterase D phenotyping were simultaneously performed by electrophoresis of bloodstained fibers using agarose and a Tris-maleic acid buffer system , pH 5.4. This method reduces anodal gel shrinkage and shortens development time when compared to the conventional electrophoretic technique for PGM subtyping which is performed at pH 7.4 using an agarose-starch substrate. PMID- 6233392 TI - Concanavalin A-induced suppressor cell activity in patients with intracranial glioma. PMID- 6233393 TI - Induction of cellular efflux by a galactosamine polymer from Neurospora crassa. AB - A cationic polymer of D-galactosamine was isolated from culture filtrates of a colonial temperature-sensitive strain of Neurospora crassa. Adsorption of the polymer to the cell surface initiated immediate efflux of low molecular weight metabolites and subsequent loss of viability. The polymer appeared to bind to those sites on the cell surface that normally bind calcium ions. Chemical analysis of the polymer showed it to be partially N-acetylated. The polymer had an isoelectric point of 8.4. Thirty percent of the D-galactosamine residues contained free amino groups. A rapid assay that has potential application for monitoring the effect of a variety of other membrane-active factors on membrane permeability has been developed. PMID- 6233394 TI - Effect of 8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino) tetralin on rat prolactin secretion. AB - 8-OH- DPAT (8-hydroxy-2-[di-n-propylamino] tetralin) is a novel aminotetralin derivative which has been proposed to be a serotonin (5-HT) agonist devoid of dopamine agonist effects. We now report that the administration of 8-OH- DPAT , like known 5-HT agonists, produced a rapid elevation of serum prolactin concentrations in male rats. The prolactin response to 8-OH- DPAT , like that induced by other 5-HT agonists, was greatly potentiated in animals pretreated with the tryptophan hydroxylase inhibitor, para-chlorophenylalanine. However, the 8-OH- DPAT -induced elevation of serum prolactin concentrations in untreated rats was not dose-dependent and was modest in magnitude compared to that produced by known 5-HT agonists. In contrast to the stimulatory effects of 8-OH- DPAT on prolactin secretion in vivo 8-OH- DPAT suppressed the secretion of prolactin from anterior pituitary tissue in vitro, and this effect was blocked by haloperidol. The results of the present study are supportive of the view that 8-OH- DPAT has dopamine agonist, as well as 5-HT agonist, properties. PMID- 6233395 TI - Genetic association between Ca2+-ATPase activity and audiogenic seizures in mice. AB - Ca2+-ATPase activity was studied in fresh brain stem homogenates of the audiogenic seizure (AGS)-resistant C57BL/6 and AGS-susceptible DBA/2 inbred strains and in 21 B6 X D2 recombinant inbred strains. A highly significant negative correlation was found between Ca2+-ATPase activity and AGS susceptibility among these strains. In general, strains with low Ca2+-ATPase activities were more AGS-susceptible than strains with high activities. Further, Ca2+-ATPase activity appears to be influenced by a major gene associated with the Ah locus. This gene is designated Caa for Ca2+-ATPase activity and is different from Ias, which is closely linked to the Ah locus. Ias influences AGS spread by a yet unknown biochemical mechanism, whereas Caa may influence AGS susceptibility by regulating Ca2+-ATPase activity in brain tissue. PMID- 6233396 TI - Potential for specific cancer therapy with immune T lymphocytes. AB - In animal models, advanced disseminated tumors can be specifically eradicated by infusions of T lymphocytes immune to tumor. The most successful regimens require a relatively small tumor burden and immunosuppression of the host to augment the transfer of immunity. Since chemotherapeutic agents administered to tumor-bearing hosts can achieve both requirements, models that combine chemotherapy and immune cells have been developed and have been shown to be effective for the therapy of advanced syngeneic malignancies. Surprisingly, tumor eradication in these and similar models does not require the transfer of cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Rather, noncytotoxic T cells of the helper/inducer subset alone are sufficient, presumably mediating tumor elimination by a delayed-type hypersensitivity mechanism involving induction of host inflammatory cells. Since donor T cells must persist in the host to provide maximum benefit in therapy, the outcome of therapy is subject to both positive and negative influences within the host for a prolonged period of time. Interleukin-2 (IL-2), a T cell replication-inducing lymphokine, promotes the in vitro growth of antigen-activated T lymphocytes. T lymphocytes immune to tumor can be grown long-term in vitro in response to IL-2 and are able to mediate a specific, cell dose-dependent effect in therapy when inoculated into tumor-bearing hosts. In vitro such long-term cultured T lymphocytes are exquisitely dependent upon exogenous IL-2 for the induction of proliferation and survival. In vivo the administration of IL-2 induces the growth of similar long-term cultured T lymphocytes and, as a consequence, increases their therapeutic efficacy. Therefore, IL-2 can be utilized both in vitro and in vivo to augment specific T cell responses for the therapy of established tumors. PMID- 6233397 TI - Prostaglandin-related and adherent cell suppressor system in apparently cured Hodgkin's disease patients. AB - Lymphocyte proliferation (LP) by phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and two suppressor systems of mononuclear cells was investigated in 22 patients with Hodgkin's disease (HD) who were apparently cured at the time of study. The results were compared with those obtained in healthy controls and in a group of patients with inoperable carcinoma of the bronchus. The prostaglandin-related suppressor cell system ( PGSS ) was tested by adding 1 microgram/ml indomethacin to the mononuclear leukocyte cultures. The adherent cell suppressor system ( ACSS ) was tested by removal of the adherent cells on plastic petri dishes. The PGSS index of suppression was defined as the ratio of LP by PHA with indomethacin to LP without indomethacin. The ACSS index was defined as the ratio of the nonadherent cell LP to the total LP. The mean PGSS index in HD patients (1.1 +/- 0.25) was significantly higher (p less than 0.01) than in healthy controls (0.94 +/- 0.2). The ACSS index in HD patients (1.08 +/- 0.47) was also higher (p less than 0.02) than in controls. The LP by PHA value in HD patients (23,908 +/- 14,770 cpm) was significantly lower (p less than 0.001) than in controls (47,151 +/- 17,706 cpm). ACSS values in bronchogenic cancer patients were lower than in HD patients. The LP by PHA value was significantly lower in HD patients compared with bronchogenic carcinoma patients (p less than 0.02). HD patients who had a PGSS index of 1.3 or higher had a significantly lower LP value than those with a PGSS index lower than 1.3.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6233398 TI - Randomized trial of low- versus high-dose medroxyprogesterone acetate in the induction treatment of postmenopausal patients with advanced breast cancer. AB - In a randomized trial, 210 postmenopausal women with advanced measurable breast cancer were allocated to two different schedules of medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA). In the induction phase they received either 1,000 mg intramuscular (IM) MPA (high dose) daily or 500 mg IM MPA (low dose) twice weekly for four weeks. The maintenance treatment consisted of 500 mg MPA IM once weekly for all patients. In total, 184 patients were considered evaluable. The response rate was significantly higher (p = 0.004) for patients receiving high-dose MPA (30 [33%] of 91) as compared to the women receiving the low-dose regimen (14 [15%] of 93) and was consistent across all prognostic subgroups. These prognostic subgroups included soft-tissue and osseous metastases, two metastatic sites, patients greater than 60 years, disease-free interval greater than 60 months, no prior chemotherapy, patients with a response to the last hormonal treatment before MPA, unknown estrogen receptors, and positive progestin receptors. The two different schedules of MPA did not influence the time to progression and the survival. Toxicity was similar in both regimens. These results confirm that a higher response rate can be achieved with a more intensive MPA schedule. This treatment may represent an ideal second-line choice in the endocrine therapy of advanced breast cancer; however, its role as a first-line treatment remains to be defined. PMID- 6233399 TI - High-dose cytosine arabinoside and m-AMSA is effective therapy in relapsed acute nonlymphocytic leukemia. AB - High-dose cytosine arabinoside ( HDARAC ) and 4'-(9 acridinylamino) methane sulfon -m-anisidine (m-AMSA) was administered as induction therapy to 40 patients with relapsed or refractory acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL) with the following results: 28 patients (70%) achieved complete remission, one patient achieved a partial remission; five patients died with hypoplastic bone marrows containing less than 5% blasts; four patients died with hypoplastic marrowing containing greater than 5% blasts; and three patients failed to achieve marrow aplasia and died without significant cytoreduction in percentage of blasts. Consolidation therapy was not used and maintenance therapy was given to less than 10% (three patients) of remission patients. The median duration of remission for all patients was 6.0 months and the median time for the complete remission patients exceeded eight months. This regimen has acceptable toxicity and the results are equivalent to those obtained from conventional induction therapy of de novo ANLL patients. PMID- 6233400 TI - Hepatic artery pump infusion: toxicity and results in patients with metastatic colorectal carcinoma. AB - 5-Fluorodeoxyuridine (FUDR) was infused continuously into the hepatic artery for 14 days a month at an initial dose of 0.3 mg/kg per day in 45 patients with liver metastases from colorectal carcinoma. In 41 adequately treated patients, partial responses (greater than 50% tumor regression) were observed in 12 (52%) of 23 previously untreated patients, and three (17%) of 18 previously treated patients. Severe gastrointestinal toxicity was endoscopically documented in 19 (46%) patients; 12 (29%) had discrete ulcers, and seven had diffuse gastritis or duodenitis. Significant hepatic-enzyme abnormality was seen in 29 patients (71%) and an elevated serum bilirubin in nine (22%). A significant factor influencing survival was the extent of tumor involvement in the liver; patients with less than 20% involvement have not yet reached a median survival at 13 months versus six months for patients with greater than 60% involvement (p less than 0.001). Studies comparing regional to systemic chemotherapy and stratifying patients according to the extent of hepatic tumor burden are needed to assess the true impact of hepatic infusion on response and survival. PMID- 6233401 TI - Estimates of left-ventricular volumes by equilibrium radionuclide angiography: importance of attenuation correction. AB - To compare the accuracy of attenuated and attenuation-corrected equilibrium radionuclide angiographic (RNA) left ventricular (LV) volume estimates, we studied 23 consecutive patients with biplane contrast cineangiography (CINE). Attenuated RNA end-diastolic (ED) and end-systolic (ES) volumes were calculated from background-corrected ED and ES counts obtained from hand-drawn regions of interest that were normalized to cardiac cycles processed, frame rate, and blood activity. A simple, geometric attenuation correction was performed to obtain attenuation-corrected RNA LV volumes. The attenuated and attenuation-corrected RNA LV EDV estimates correlated with the CINE LV EDVs ; however, the attenuation corrected RNA LV EDV estimates correlated more closely. Also, the average attenuation-corrected RNA LV EDV did not differ significantly from the mean CINE LV EDV. Attenuated and attenuation-corrected RNA LV ESV estimates also correlated with the CINE LV ESVs , but the attenuation-corrected RNA LV ESV estimates correlated more closely. Also, the average attenuation-corrected RNA LV ESV did not differ significantly from the mean biplane CINE LV ESV. PMID- 6233402 TI - Bone scintigraphy: differentiating benign cortical irregularity of the distal femur from malignancy. AB - Two cases of benign cortical irregularity of the distal femur ( BCIDF ), which radiologically simulate malignancy, are presented. The use of bone scintigraphy in differentiating this entity from malignancy is described. PMID- 6233403 TI - Computation of ventilation-perfusion ratio with Kr-81m in pulmonary embolism. AB - Diagnostic difficulties occur in pulmonary embolism (PE) during visual analysis of ventilation-perfusion images in matched defects or in chronic obstructive lung disease (COPD). In 44 patients with angiographically confirmed PE and in 40 patients with COPD, the regional ventilation-perfusion ratios (V/Q) were therefore computed using krypton-81m for each perfusion defect, and were displayed in a functional image. In patients with PE and mismatched defects, a high V/Q (1.96) was observed. A V/Q greater than 1.25 was also found in nine of 11 patients having PE and indeterminate studies (studies with perfusion abnormalities matched by radiographic abnormalities). COPD was characterized by matched defects and low V/Q. The percentage of patients correctly classified as having PE or COPD increased from 56% when considering the match or mismatched character to 88% when based on a V/Q of 1.25 in the region of the perfusion defect. This quantitative analysis, therefore, seems useful in classifying patients with scintigraphic suspicion of PE. PMID- 6233404 TI - Relative lesion detection ability of Tc-99m HMDP and Tc-99m MDP: concise communication. AB - To compare the efficacy of Tc-99m HMDP and Tc-99m MDP to define skeletal lesions, 28 adult patients were examined in a double-blind, randomized, crossover study. Each patient was imaged with both agents over a period of 7-14 days. Both quantitative and qualitative evaluations were performed on the resulting images. Both agents detected the same number of skeletal lesions, and the number of lesions detected was the same whether the imaging was performed 2 or 4 hr after injection. Relative uptake of the tracer in the lesion relative to normal bone was also the same for both agents. Lesions were easier to see at 4 hr after injection than at 2 hr, presumably because soft-tissue levels were lower. Retention of tracer in bone compared with soft tissue was greater, and image quality was judged to be better, with Tc-99m HMDP than with Tc-99m MDP. PMID- 6233405 TI - Platelet accumulation in carotid atherosclerotic lesions: semiquantitative analysis with indium-111 platelets and technetium-99m human serum albumin. AB - To evaluate platelet accumulation in carotid atherosclerotic lesions semiquantitatively, a dual-tracer technique was applied, using In-111 platelets and Tc-99m human serum albumin. With this approach, we investigated the ratio of radioactivity in In-111 platelets deposited on the vascular wall to those circulating in the blood pool, platelet accumulation index ( PAI ). This study included 12 normal subjects and 25 patients with ischemic cerebrovascular disease (CVD). Angiographic abnormalities were observed at 34 of 50 carotid bifurcations in the CVD patients. The mean PAI value was significantly higher at the carotid bifurcations with angiographic abnormality than at the normal ones (p less than 0.001). Furthermore, elevations of mean PAI were prominent at the lesions with severe stenosis or ulceration. The degree of platelet accumulation was well demonstrated by this technique, which can also yield information on thrombogenicity and efficiency of antiplatelet therapy in carotid atherosclerotic disease. PMID- 6233407 TI - In-111 platelet scintigraphy: carotid atherosclerosis and stroke. PMID- 6233406 TI - An automated quantitative analysis of ventilation-perfusion lung scintigrams. AB - We have devised an automated computer analysis of ventilation (Kr-8 1m) and perfusion (Tc-99m) lung images that produces a graphical image of the distribution of ventilation and perfusion, and of ventilation-perfusion ratios. The analysis has overcome the following problems: the identification of the midline between two lungs and the lung boundaries, the exclusion of extrapulmonary radioactivity, the superimposition of lung images of different sizes, and the format for presentation of the data. Therefore, lung images of different sizes and shapes may be compared with each other. The analysis has been used to develop normal ranges from 55 volunteers. Comparison of younger and older age groups of men and women show small but significant differences in the distribution of ventilation and perfusion, but no differences in ventilation perfusion ratios. Examples are presented to demonstrate that the technique can discriminate between normal and abnormal scintigrams. The analysis of serial images from one individual shows high reproducibility. PMID- 6233408 TI - Calcification and uptake of Tc-99m diphosphonates in neuroblastomas: concise communication. AB - Sixty-six percent of 54 patients with neuroblastoma demonstrated uptake of bone seeking radioagents by the primary tumor. This is a higher incidence than previously reported. Uptake was slightly more common in abdominal than thoracic tumors. There was a significant correlation between the size of the tumor and tracer uptake. Calcification was demonstrated in the primary tumor in almost 90% of the 54 patients. This is a much higher incidence of calcification than previously reported. Microscopy shows that the calcification is not always due to tumor necrosis; it also occurs in areas of viable tumor cells. Tracer uptake is believed to be related to calcium metabolism. The rate of metabolic activity rather than the total amount of calcium present within the tumor may be the most important factor in determining the amount of uptake. No significant relationship was found between tracer uptake and tumor stage or homovanillic acid and vanillylmandelic acid metabolic activity. PMID- 6233409 TI - The "tourniquet effect". AB - There is increasing popularity of three-phase bone scintigrams in the evaluation of soft tissues and bony disorders. However, if the areas in question happen to be hands, wrists, and forearms, the usual method of injection of a radiotracer may introduce a significant abnormality during the first two phases of a three phase study. PMID- 6233410 TI - New evidence for sodium fluoride in osteoporosis. PMID- 6233411 TI - Re: Quantitative hepatic arterial perfusion scintigraphy and starch microspheres in cancer therapy. PMID- 6233412 TI - lambda DNA-fragmenting actions of ascorbic acid and triose reductone in the presence of Cu2+. AB - Lambda DNA-fragmenting actions of ascorbic acid (AsA) and triose reductone (TR) in the presence of Cu2+ were studied. The mixture of AsA or TR and Cu2+ caused a marked fragmentation of lambda DNA (3.2 X 10(7) daltons) within the first 1 min of reaction. Further incubation resulted in accumulation of the most abundant species of fragmented lambda DNA having a molecular weight of 1.3 X 10(5) daltons. The mixture of AsA or TR and Cu2+ fragmented calf thymus DNA to produce the fragmented DNA of which 5'-OH terminal groups have a mixture of free OH groups and phosphodiester linkage. The mixture of AsA or TR and Cu2+ was also found to fragment lambda DNA to produce dCMP predominantly as 5'-OH terminal nucleotides. PMID- 6233413 TI - Chronic hepatitis. PMID- 6233414 TI - Hepatitis in pedodontics: a survey of departments of pedodontics. PMID- 6233415 TI - A comparison of MMPI profiles for state and private disability insurance applicants. AB - The use of the MMPI in predicting successful rehabilitation outcomes has met with limited success. Because the motives of a disability insurance applicant may differ greatly from a disability insurance recipient, disability applicants were investigated. The MMPI scores of state disability applicants and private industrial insurance applicants were compared to a control group. Positive outcomes of test taking was possible for all three groups. Significant group differences were found for scales F, Hs, D, Hy, Pd, Pa, Pt, Sc, and Ma. Significant sex differences were found for scales Hs, D, Hy, Mf, Pt, and Sc. PMID- 6233416 TI - Pharmacokinetics of nicorandil, a new coronary vasodilator, in dogs. AB - The kinetic disposition of nicorandil, N-[2-( nitroxy )ethyl]-3- pyridinecarboxamide (1), and its main metabolic product, N-[2-(hydroxy)-ethyl]-3- pyridinecarboxamide (II), was studied after administering intravenous and oral doses (2.5 mg/kg) of nicorandil to the same beagle dogs. The plasma concentrations were measured using a high-performance liquid chromatographic method. The pharmacokinetic data derived from intravenous administration of nicorandil were: t1/2, 0.73 plus/minus 0.11 h; Vdarea , 0.67 plus/minus 0.04 L/kg; and total plasma clearance, 13.50 plus/minus 1.05 mL/min/kg. After oral administration, nicorandil was rapidly absorbed (tmax, 0.58 plus/minus 0.11 h). The oral bioavailability was calculated as 0.72 plus/minus 0.07. The metabolic formation of the corresponding alcohol after intravenous and oral administration of the parent compound appeared to occur quite efficiently, and its elimination half-life (3.09 plus/minus 0.25 and 3.69 plus/minus 0.88 h after intravenous and oral administration of nicorandil, respectively) was longer than that of the parent compound. Since the dose employed in this study was much higher than the expected therapeutic doses, whether such a good bioavailability after a lower dose of the drug would be obtained in humans remains unanswered. PMID- 6233417 TI - Special nursing care for children receiving chemotherapy. PMID- 6233418 TI - Effects of 2-nicotinamidoethyl nitrate (nicorandil; SG-75) and its derivative on smooth muscle cells of the canine mesenteric artery. AB - To clarify the mechanism of vasodilating actions of nicotinamidoethyl nitrate (nicorandil; SG-75) in relation to the chemical structure, we studied the effects of SG-75 and its derivatives [nitrate containing structure; 3,5-bis([2'- nitroxyethyl ] aminocarbonyl )pyridine (SG-114); nicotinamide derivatives: N-(2 hydroxyethyl)nicotinamide (SG-86) and N-(2- nicotinyloxyethyl )-nicotinamide; (SG 103)] on the electrical and mechanical properties of smooth muscle cells of the canine mesenteric artery. SG-75 significantly and SG-114 slightly hyperpolarized the membrane but SG-86 or SG-103 did not. The excitatory junction potential and spike potential evoked by perivascular nerve or direct muscle stimulation were markedly inhibited by SG-75 due to hyperpolarization of the membrane. SG-114 slightly inhibited but SG-86 or SG-103 did not inhibit the excitatory junction potential or spike potential. The K-induced contraction was inhibited by SG-75 (below 39.2 mM) or without hyperpolarization (over 39.2 mM) of the membrane, but SG-114 inhibited the contraction with no hyperpolarization. In concentrations over 39.2 mM K0, SG-114 inhibited the contraction more potently than did SG-75. On the other hand, the norepinephrine-induced contraction was inhibited by SG-75 or SG-114 to the same extent, due to additional hyperpolarization of the membrane, in the case of SG-75. Both agents inhibited but SG-86 or SG-103 did not inhibit the norepinephrine-induced contraction in the Ca-free 2 mM ethylene glycol bis(beta-aminoethyl ether)N,N'-tetraacetic acid containing solution. After the complete depletion of the stored Ca, application of Ca in the presence of SG 75 or SG-114 enabled estimation of the reduction in the amount of Ca stored in the cell, determined by the amplitude of the subsequently produced caffeine induced contraction in Ca-free ethylene glycol bis(beta-aminoethyl ether)N,N'- tetraacetic acid containing solution. The effects of SG-75 or SG-114 on the norepinephrine-induced contraction in Ca-free solution also indicated a reduction in the Ca stored in the cell. It would appear that SG-75 hyperpolarizes the membrane due to the SG-75 moiety and not to the nitrate residue alone. The relaxation of the tissue induced by SG-75 or SG-114 is due to nitrate action, as observed in the case of nitroglycerin. SG-114 possesses a stronger potency with regard to relaxation of the tissue; however, in vivo, SG-75 may have a more potent vasodilating action than SG-114, as the former inhibits neuromuscular transmission mechanisms. PMID- 6233419 TI - Effects of neonatal medroxyprogesterone acetate on postnatal sexual differentiation of female rats. AB - Medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA), 5 micrograms/g body wt, was given to lactating female rats 1 day after parturition. Group 1 females suckled 10-12 young, with equal numbers of males and females, while Group 2 females each suckled 10 female young. The young were weaned at 21 days of age. Exposure to MPA advanced the day of vaginal opening by 1 day, and increased anogenital distance in Group 2 young. At autopsy between 80 and 100 days of age, the clitoris of Group 2 females was significantly greater than in controls, and ovarian and adrenal weights were reduced. PMID- 6233420 TI - Intrauterine insemination enhances fertility of frozen semen in superovulated ewes. AB - Superovulated ewes were inseminated with fresh or frozen semen in a factorial experiment which compared two techniques of artificial insemination; i.e. conventional cervical deposition and intrauterine deposition at laparoscopy. Similar fertilization rates resulted from insemination with fresh semen at cervical (81% of ova from 11/11 ewes) and intrauterine (83% of ova from 10/12 ewes) sites. These results approached those observed in a naturally-mated group (95% of ova from 5/5 ewes). In ewes inseminated with frozen semen, fertilization rate was markedly reduced (P less than 0.05) after cervical insemination (11% of ova from 3/11 ewes) and partly restored (P less than 0.05) after intrauterine insemination (50% of ova from 8/11 ewes). PMID- 6233421 TI - Prolactin levels in the polycystic ovary syndrome. AB - Plasma prolactin (PRL) was measured in 34 patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCO) before and after the intravenous administration of 200 micrograms of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). The results were compared with those from 30 normal female volunteers. The distinctive features of PCO were elevated plasma concentrations of luteinizing hormone (LH), testosterone and androstenedione and increased 24-hour urinary estrogen excretion. Abnormal secretion of PRL was observed in ten patients with PCO. Hyperprolactinemia was detected in five patients, and the prolactin response to TRH was exaggerated or prolonged in five normoprolactinemic patients with PCO. A statistically significant correlation was found between mean prolactin concentrations and the mean plasma dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEAS) concentration (r = 0.67, p less than 0.01). These data suggest that a significant portion of women with PCO syndrome have abnormalities of PRL secretion. PMID- 6233422 TI - Laparoscopic, gynecographic and ultrasonographic vs. clinical evaluation of a pelvic mass. AB - One hundred fourteen patients with a clinically proven or suspected pelvic mass were subjected to pelvic examination and ultrasonography. Gynecography and laparoscopy were carried out in only 45 patients; those procedures were contraindicated in the other patients. The study showed that in patients with a large pelvic mass both clinical examination and ultrasonography had high diagnostic accuracy; therefore, the latter procedure does not seem to be necessary in the preoperative investigation of these patients. However, in patients with a small pelvic mass an additional diagnostic tool is recommended- ultrasonography for uterine masses and laparoscopy for adnexal ones. PMID- 6233423 TI - Identification of distinct Fc-receptor molecules on streptococci and staphylococci. AB - The structural similarity between staphylococcal protein A and streptococcal Fc receptors was examined. Antibody to staphylococcal protein A, proven not to bind to protein A through Fc, was used to determine if the Fc receptors on 4 Fc receptor positive streptococcal strains were antigenically related to staphylococcal protein A. Anti-protein A antibody bound to Staphylococcus aureus Cowan I, but failed to bind to any of the streptococci. Additionally, when the Cowan strain and 9 other Staphylococcus aureus isolates demonstrating various levels of IgG adsorption capacity were preincubated with antiprotein A antibody, the ability of these bacteria to adsorb IgG was completely inhibited. These results suggest that all the Fc receptors on Staphylococcus aureus are antigenically similar or identical to protein A. Fc receptors on streptococci, while sharing with staphylococcal protein A the capacity to bind to Fc of human IgG, were not antigenically crossreactive with protein A. PMID- 6233424 TI - Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS): disease manifestations and dental management. PMID- 6233425 TI - Control of cell division by sex factor F in Escherichia coli. II. Identification of genes for inhibitor protein and trigger protein on the 42.84-43.6 F segment. AB - The genetic structure of the 42.84-43.6 F (BamHI-PstI) segment of the F plasmid, which contains all the F DNA sequences necessary for coupling cell division of F+ bacteria with plasmid DNA replication, was analyzed by isolating a series of amber mutants. Two cistrons were found in this region and they were designated letA and letD (an abbreviation for lethal mutation). The letA and letD cistrons were mapped on the 42.84-43.35 F (BamHI- XmaI ) segment and the 43.07-43.6 F (HincII-PstI) segment, respectively, and are presumed to correspond to the first (43.04-43.26 F) and second (43.26-43.57 F) open reading frames, respectively, which were found in this region by nucleotide sequencing. The letD gene product acts to inhibit cell division of the host bacteria and to induce prophages in lysogenic bacteria, whereas the letA gene product acts to suppress the activity of the letD gene product. Taking into consideration the fact that the 42.84-43.6 F segment carries all the F plasmid genes necessary for coupling cell division with plasmid DNA replication, and that the expression of the genes is likely to be controlled by plasmid DNA replication, we constructed the following hypothesis. Before completion of plasmid DNA replication, LetD protein acts to prevent cell division of the host bacteria. When plasmid DNA replication is completed, synthesis of LetA protein (and also LetD protein) takes place and the LetA protein synthesized acts to suppress the activity of LetD protein and make the cell ready for cell division. Actual cell division will take place when replication of both chromosomal and plasmid DNA is completed and the termination protein of the chromosome and the LetA protein of F plasmid are both synthesized. When cell division takes place LetA protein is consumed, and as a result LetD protein becomes active and prevents cell division until the next round of DNA replication is completed. PMID- 6233426 TI - Ribosomal RNA genes of Drosophila melanogaster have a novel chromatin structure. AB - We have examined the chromatin organization of the Drosophila melanogaster ribosomal RNA genes using both micrococcal nuclease and DNase I. Several findings are of interest. First, the transcribed DNA segments of the rRNA repeat unit appear to be packaged into an unstable or "multiphasic" nucleosome structure. Second, the 5' end of the transcription unit is preferentially exposed to nuclease attack. Third, the non-transcribed spacer immediately upstream from the transcription start site has a novel chromatin organization with micrococcal nuclease and DNase I cleavage sites spaced at intervals of about 240 base-pairs. This unusual fragment distribution appears to reflect the underlying sequence organization of the spacer DNA segment, which consists of a series of tandemly repeated 239 base-pair sequence blocks. We have also examined the chromatin structure of the rRNA repeat unit after extraction of nuclei with different concentrations of salt. Our results suggest that the higher order structures may be of importance in determining the novel chromatin organization of the rRNA repeat unit. PMID- 6233427 TI - Rationale for mucogingival surgery: a critique and update. PMID- 6233428 TI - Neutropenias and neutrophil dysfunction in children: relationship to periodontal diseases. PMID- 6233429 TI - A comparison of echo-Doppler and electromagnetic renal blood flow measurements. AB - The linearity and accuracy of noninvasive ultrasonic method of measuring beat-to beat renal blood flow was evaluated by correlation with standard electromagnetic flowmetry. Using a combined real-time ultrasonic imager and pulsed Doppler velocimeter known as a duplex scanner (DS), lumen diameter (D) and average blood velocity (V) within the imaged renal artery were recorded. Renal blood flow ( QDS ) was calculated offline using a microprocessor from the equation QDS = (pi x D2 x V)/4. This noninvasive method had previously been validated in vitro using a controlled hydraulic system which modeled steady-state flow (QT) where QDS = 0.98 QT + 7.75, SEE = +/- 13.2, r = +0.98, P less than 0.001. In three anesthetized dogs, simultaneous QDS and electromagnetic flow ( QEMF ) measurements (range 44 484 ml x min-1) were made in the proximal left renal artery. Linear regression analysis gave QDS = 0.43 QEMF + 40.5, r = 0.78, SEE = 33.8 ml x min-1, P less than 0.01; QDS = 1.2 QEMF + 2.9, r = 0.86, SEE = 20.8 ml x min-1, P less than 0.01; QDS = 0.86 QEMF + 0.2, r = 0.93, SEE = 53.4 ml x min-1, P less than 0.01. These results suggest that noninvasive QDS measurements of renal blood flow are linear and reasonably accurate compared with invasive QEMF in dogs. The method may have utility in the noninvasive measurement of beat-to-beat blood flow in human renal arteries. PMID- 6233430 TI - Urinary tract toxic effects of cancer therapy. PMID- 6233431 TI - Leads from the MMWR. Postexposure prophylaxis of hepatitis B. PMID- 6233433 TI - [Lymphocyte function in patients with plane warts--lymphocyte transformation and ConA-induced suppressor cell activity]. PMID- 6233432 TI - Clinical experience of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. AB - PTCA (percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty) was performed on 44 patients with angina pectoris during the 18-month period from April 10, 1981 to September 30, 1982. It was successful in 36 of the 44 patients (82%), resulting in a subsidence of the symptoms and a considerable increase in exercise tolerance. Successful dilatations were achieved in 30 of 35 left anterior descending arteries (86%) and 7 of 11 right coronary arteries (64%). Five patients had complications: myocardial infarction in 2, unstable angina pectoris in 1, and dissection of the coronary artery in 2. One of these patients underwent an urgent A-C bypass operation. The patients were followed up for 0.5 to 18 months (average: 7.4 +/- 0.9 months). Stenosis recurred in 6 patients (16.7%), but repeat PTCA disclosed successful dilatations of stenotic lesions in 3 patients. No deaths occurred throughout the study period including the follow-up period. Our experience suggests that PTCA is of use in the treatment of certain groups of angina pectoris patients if case selection is appropriate. PMID- 6233434 TI - [Determination and pathophysiological study of trace metals in human organs]. PMID- 6233435 TI - [Bone scintigraphic identification of rib lesions in cancer patients]. PMID- 6233436 TI - [PTCR (percutaneous transcoronary recanalization) in acute myocardial infarction]. PMID- 6233437 TI - [PTCA--percutaneous transluminal coronary recanalization]. PMID- 6233438 TI - A case of selective IgM deficiency: isotype-specific suppressor T lymphocytes. AB - A case of selective IgM deficiency with giant leiomyoma of the stomach in a 66 year-old male is reported. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from the patient synthesized only a small amount of IgM in the presence of pokeweed mitogen (PWM) in vitro. Co-culture of counterpart lymphocytes from the patient and a disease free individual revealed that increased activity of IgM-specific suppressor T lymphocytes led to a IgM deficiency in this case. PMID- 6233439 TI - Comparative effects of nicorandil and nitroglycerin on tracheal and vascular smooth muscle in the dog, in vivo and in vitro. AB - The effects of nicorandil (NCR) on tracheal and vascular smooth muscle in the dog were compared with those of nitroglycerin (NTG) in in vitro and in vivo preparations. In the isolated tracheal strip and coronary artery preparations contracted with KCl (30 mM), the ability of NCR to relax these muscles and arteries by 50% was 1/10-1/15 as potent as NTG. In blood-perfused tracheal preparations, single doses of NCR and NTG injected into the tracheal artery produced dose-related decreases in the intraluminal pressure (ILP) of the trachea (relaxation) and increases in the tracheal blood flow (TBF). When the potency of NCR relative to that of NTG was compared on the basis of doses decreasing the ILP and increasing the TBF by 50%, NCR was 822 times less potent than NTG in producing tracheal relaxation and 572 times less potent in producing tracheal vasodilation. The effects of NCR on the ILP and TBF were not antagonized by propranolol. In non-perfused tracheal preparations, the two drugs administered i.v. elicited the effects in a similar dose-dependent manner; decreases in systemic blood pressure (SBP), left ventricular systolic pressure (LVP), pressure rate product (PRP), femoral vascular resistance (FVR), and ILP and increases in heart rate (HR) and LVdP/dt max. The results show that NCR has a potent bronchodilating action and that its pharmacological profile is somewhat similar to NTG. PMID- 6233440 TI - Characteristics of analgesia induced by noncatecholic phenylethylamine derivatives: possible involvement of endogenous opioid peptides and serotonin in phenylethylamine analog-induced analgesia. AB - Characteristics of the analgesic action of phenylethylamine derivatives, amphetamine, phenylethylamine (PEA), hydroxyphenylethylamine (OHPEA) and hydroxyphenylalanine (OHF), were examined. Pain threshold of mice was measured by using the hot plate method. OHPEA (50 mg/kg), amphetamine (0.5-8 mg/kg) or PEA (50 mg/kg) produced an analgesic effect in the absence of MAO inhibitor, and the analgesia was reversed by naloxone (5 mg/kg) or reserpine (2 mg/kg x 2). Ten mg/kg of PEA, 250 mg/kg of OHF and 10 mg/kg of OHPEA could not produce detectable analgesia, but they revealed analgesic activity when mice were pretreated with pargyline (100 mg/kg). Analgesia induced by a combined use of PEA, OHF or OHPEA with pargyline was inhibited by naloxone or p-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA), an inhibitor of serotonin synthesis. Amphetamine-induced analgesia was also blocked by PCPA. Analgesia induced by PEA or OHPEA was blocked by methysergide (2 mg/kg). From the above findings, it was concluded that PEA, OHPEA, OHF and amphetamine possess similar characteristics in their analgesic action, and their analgesic actions involve the participation of endogenous serotonin and endogenous opioid peptides. PMID- 6233441 TI - 31P-topical nuclear magnetic resonance (31P-TMR) studies of cardiotoxic effects of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and 5'-deoxy-5-fluorouridine (5'-DFUR). AB - Using the 31P-topical nuclear magnetic resonance method (TMR), an attempt was made to determine the myocardial high-energy phosphate compounds (HEP) contents under in situ conditions in closed-chest animals, and the effects of opening the thorax on the myocardial energy metabolism were studied comparing the cardiotoxic effects of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in closed-chest and open-chest animals. It was found that the depletion of myocardial HEP produced by 5-FU was much more marked in open-chest animals than in closed-chest ones, indicating the necessity of conducting the experiments in closed-chest animals for the proper evaluation of the cardiotoxicity of certain types of compounds. Therefore, the cardiotoxicity of a prodrug of 5-FU was assessed in closed-chest animals, and it was found to be less cardiotoxic than 5-FU. PMID- 6233442 TI - Effects of nicorandil on the membrane currents of rabbit sino-atrial node cells. AB - The effects of nicorandil (SG-75) (3-500 micrograms/ml) on the membrane potential and currents of the rabbit sino-atrial node were studied using the voltage clamp technique. Low concentrations of nicorandil (3-10 micrograms/ml) increased the action potential duration (APD) and depolarized the maximum diastolic potential (DMP), but higher concentrations had no such effect and even decreased APD and tended to hyperpolarize MDP. Regardless of these effects, nicorandil decreased the heart rate concentration-dependently. On the current systems of the sino atrial node, 3 micrograms/ml of nicorandil decreased the outward current (ik), but concentrations of over 10 micrograms/ml increased it. The voltage dependency of the steady-state activation of ik was unchanged. Nicorandil did not affect the inward current activated by hyperpolarization (Ih) and the slow inward current (is). These results suggest that the cardiac effects induced by nicorandil must have been produced by selective change in the conductance of ik. PMID- 6233443 TI - Helper factor(s) generated by tumor-immune rats for lymphoproliferative responses to syngeneic tumor cells. AB - New Zealand Black ( NBR ) rats that are innately immune to challenge with a syngeneic 3-methylcholanthrene [(MCA) CAS: 56-49-5]-induced fibrosarcoma have spleen cells that produce helper effects for in vitro lymphoproliferative responses in the presence of individual MCA-induced fibrosarcoma cells. Spleen cells from MCA-induced fibrosarcoma progressor rats (which lack innate tumor immunity) do not produce demonstrable helper activity. Supernatants from 48-hour cocultures of spleen cells from tumor-immune (TI) rats and syngeneic MCA-induced fibrosarcoma cells replaced the spleen cell helper activity. Comparable spleen cell supernatants from tumor progressor rats or unchallenged rats (controls) as well as supernatants from MCA-induced fibrosarcoma cells cultured alone did not produce any helper factor activity. Supernatants from TI rat spleen cells following inoculation with MCA-induced fibrosarcoma cells did not affect lymphoproliferative responses of NBR spleen cells induced by concanavalin A or alloantigens. The supernatants also did not contain detectable interleukin 2 activity as determined with the use of the thymocyte costimulator assay. These data indicate that the production of soluble helper factors by TI rat spleen cells may be involved in the augmentation of a protective host antitumor response. PMID- 6233444 TI - [Effect of left-ventricular hypertrophy on the amplitude of the QRS complex in patients with arterial hypertension: electrocardiographic-echocardiographic correlations]. PMID- 6233445 TI - [Comparative informative value of electrocardiographic criteria for hypertrophy of the left ventricle]. AB - The author compared the informative value of 55 different electrocardiographic criteria of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) determined by ECG performed by the conventional 12-lead method, Frank's orthogonal method and by the simplified 4 lead electrocardiographic method, developed by the author, in 244 healthy subjects and in 134 hypertensive patients. The informative value of the LVH criteria according to the 4-lead ECG method is comparable to that of the conventional 12-lead ECG, while the predicative value of the LVH criteria by the 4-lead ECG is even slightly superior to the ECG recorded according to the orthogonal method. PMID- 6233446 TI - [Disorders of contractile function and adrenoreactivity of the portal vein in emotionally-painful stress and experimental myocardial infarct and their prevention by means of membrane protectors]. AB - The effect of emotional-painful stress (EPS) and experimental myocardial infarction on portal vein contractile function, adrenoreactivity , and resistance to the glucose shortage was studied on the rat. The myocardial infarction was shown to result in shifts of the smooth muscle contractile function which were similar to those in EPS, though being somewhat less pronounced. These changes included depressed spontaneous contractility, reduced adrenoreactivity and decreased resistance to the shortage of glucose in the washing solution. Preliminary administration of membrane protectors, the antioxidant ionol and nicotinamid , a lipase inhibitor, prevents such post-stress disturbances to a considerable degree. PMID- 6233447 TI - [Age and dynamics of the chief blood lipid indices among the adult population of Leningrad]. AB - Variations in the blood levels of total cholesterol (C), triglycerides, low and high density lipoprotein cholesterol ( LDLPC , HDLPC ) and atherogenicity ratio were examined over time in 4841 men and 2323 women living in Leningrad. The mean values of the parameters studied were established for different age groups. Considerable differences were revealed in the blood lipid profile in men versus women. Higher levels of HDLPC and lower concentrations of LDLPC in women under 50 as compared with age-matched men account for a later development and milder course of coronary heart disease in premenopausal women. PMID- 6233448 TI - [Cardiac effects of essential phospholipids and prostaglandin release by the heart in the rat]. AB - The article deals with the effect of exogenic phospholipids of vegetative origin enriched with polyunsaturated fatty acids (EPL substance) on prostaglandin release and the activity of the isolated, perfused according to Langendorf , heart of Wistar and Okamoto-Aoki rats with congenital arterial hypertension. Exogenic essential phospholipids were shown to facilitate a significant enhancement of endogenic prostaglandin release and to induce a positive inotropic, negative chronotropic and marked coronarodilating effects. These EPL effects were inhibited by indometacin and were considerably altered in rats with spontaneous hypertension. It was concluded that the cardiac effects of essential phospholipids are modulated by elevated prostaglandin secretion. The role of essential phospholipids in the prostaglandin biosynthesis regulation and the cardiac activity of rats is discussed. PMID- 6233449 TI - Association between rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis and the properdin factor BfF and different HLA-D region products. AB - Frequencies of the HLA antigens ABC, DR and MT, as well as of the properdin factor alleles were determined in 24 unrelated patients presenting with immune complex mediated idiopathic rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis (RPGN) type II. As in Goodpasture syndrome (RPGN type I with pulmonary hemorrhage), a significant association with the B-cell alloantigen HLA-DR 2 was demonstrated (relative risk for HLA-DR 2 positive individuals was 3.54; P less than 0.01). In addition a marked increase of the HLA specificity MT 3 was shown, which is supposed to belong to an antigen system of a second HLA-D region locus. The highest relative risk of 14.67 (P less than 0.00001), however, was calculated for all patients carrying the BfF phenotype. Increased numbers of patients positive for HLA-DR 2 and -MT 3, as well as BfF suggested immune response genes or disease related mutations on different haplotypes responsible for a MHC (major histocompatibility complex) associated predisposition of RPGN type II. PMID- 6233451 TI - [Therapeutic-diagnostic laparoscopy in acute cholecystitis]. PMID- 6233450 TI - Active hepatitis B vaccination of dialysis patients and medical staff. AB - One hundred six patients with terminal renal insufficiency and 29 medical personnel were given three doses of hepatitis B vaccine at an interval of 0, 1, and 6 months (Merck, Sharp and Dohme, West Point, Pennsylvania, part of a joint study no. 649). Chronic hemodialysis patients (N = 99) received 40 micrograms vaccine (V) i.m. Uremic patients, who were just about to start chronic dialysis treatment (N = 7), were given 40 micrograms V, and at the first vaccination 3 ml hyperimmune globulin (HBIG) in addition. The medical personnel was alternately vaccinated with 20 micrograms V (N = 8), 40 micrograms (N = 11), 40 micrograms V, and 3 ml HBIG at the first vaccination (N = 10). After 12 months, 50% of the male dialysis patients, 66% of the female dialysis patients, and 95% of the medical staff developed anti-HBs antibodies. The anti-HBs titer of the dialysis patients was ten times lower than in the medical staff. The simultaneous passive immunization did not lead to any impairment of the anti-HBs titer in the dialysis patients and staff. The type of renal disease, length of time on dialysis, hematocrit, and immunoglobulin concentration did not influence the rate of immunization. After 12 months, 43 patients without antibody response were vaccinated a fourth time. Sixteen of these patients then developed anti-HBs, improving the immunization rate from 56.5 to 71.7%. A fifth vaccination only led to seroconversion, when brief or borderline anti-HBs could already be demonstrated previously. In dialysis patients who fail to develop anti-HBs after three doses of vaccine, a fourth vaccination is recommended after 12 months. PMID- 6233452 TI - [Cutaneous thermometry of the anterior abdominal wall in emergency surgery]. PMID- 6233453 TI - Seborrheic dermatitis in a rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta). AB - Seborrheic dermatitis was diagnosed in an adult, rhesus monkey presenting with erythematous, exfoliative and focally exudative skin lesions distributed over the perioral, perirhinal and brow regions of the face. Similar areas of involved skin also were observed on the extremities. Lesions appeared to be exacerbated during increased experimental utilization. Histopathologic changes in skin biopsy specimens of affected skin included acanthosis, parakeratosis, spongiotic edema, vascular ectasia, and mild lymphohistiocytic infiltrates. PMID- 6233455 TI - Building acceptance of differences between handicapped and nonhandicapped students: the effects of cooperative and individualistic instruction. PMID- 6233454 TI - Potentiation of alpha-naphthyl thiourea-induced lung injury by prostaglandin E1 and platelet depletion. AB - alpha-Naphthyl thiourea ( ANTU ) produces pulmonary endothelial injury, pulmonary edema, and pleural effusions in rats in a dose-dependent manner. Since prostaglandins of the E series have been shown to modulate inflammatory responses in vivo and neutrophil and platelet function in vitro we investigated the effects of prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) on ANTU -induced lung injury. Systemic administration of 15-(S)-15-methyl-PGE1 (15-M-PGE1), a stable analog of PGE1, potentiated lung injury induced by ANTU in a dose- and time-dependent manner. 15-M-PGE1 (1 mg/kg, subcutaneously) administered 1 hour prior to ANTU treatment (1 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) resulted in a 164% increase (p less than 0.001) in pleural effusion formation and a 42% increase (p less than 0.02) in wet lung weight at 4 hours after ANTU administration. This was associated with increased pulmonary endothelial cell blebbing and gap formation with a decrease in the number of platelet thrombi in 15-M-PGE1-treated animals compared with controls. 15-(S)-15 methyl-prostaglandin F2 alpha, was less effective than 15-M-PGE1 in potentiating ANTU -induced lung injury. Platelet depletion, but not neutrophil depletion, also potentiated ANTU -induced lung injury, suggesting a protective role for platelets. Platelets isolated from 15-M-PGE1-treated animals demonstrated an approximately 50% decreased aggregation response to adenosine diphosphate. 15-M PGE1 (1 mg/kg) treatment combined with platelet depletion resulted in a 1.7-fold increase (p less than 0.01) in pleural effusions in ANTU -treated (1 mg/kg) animals compared with platelet depletion alone. These studies indicate that systemic treatment of rats with 15-M-PGE1 will potentiate ANTU -induced lung injury. This injury may be in part secondary to the ability of 15-M-PGE1 to inhibit platelet function. However, platelet depletion studies suggest that 15-M PGE1 has additional effects, possibly on endothelial cells and/or vascular smooth muscle cells that contribute to the potentiation of ANTU -induced lung injury. PMID- 6233456 TI - Effects of oleic acid on pulmonary capillary leak and thromboxanes. AB - The role of arachidonic acid metabolites in oleic acid-induced lung injury in anesthetized dogs was investigated. Oleic acid was administered as a bolus injection into the pulmonary artery in the following dose sequence: 0.05, 0.10, and 0.20 ml/kg at 30, 60, and 120 min, respectively, after either indomethacin (10 mg/kg iv) or vehicle. A control group (n = 3) received normal saline instead of oleic acid. Measurements of hemodynamic parameters, mean systemic (MAP), pulmonary capillary wedge, and pulmonary artery pressures (PAP), cardiac output, arterial blood gases, extravascular lung waters (EVLW) by thermaldye double indicator dilution techniques and plasma immunoreactive thromboxane B2 ( iTxB2 ), by radioimmunoassay were obtained at zero time (baseline) and 20 min following each oleic acid injection. A new noninvasive technique was employed to measure pulmonary capillary protein leak by the scintigraphic analysis of intravenously administered technetium-99m radiolabeled human serum albumin ( 99mTc -HSA) in the cardiac and lung regions. Oleic acid injection caused a significant dose related fall in MAP (P less than 0.0002), arterial pO2 (P less than 0.0001), and cardiac output (P less than 0.001), and increases in EVLW (P less than 0.003) and plasma iTxB2 (P less than 0.02) in the vehicle pretreated animals, while mean PAP remained unchanged. In contrast, in the indomethacin pretreated dogs, MAP, EVLW, cardiac output, and plasma iTxB2 levels did not change from baseline values and there was an increase in mean PAP. Pulmonary vascular resistance was significantly elevated (P less than 0.05) in both groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6233458 TI - Use of a soft-agar colony-forming assay to determine the photosensitizing effects of several components of hematoporphyrin derivative. AB - The photosensitizing/cytotoxic effects of four porphyrin compounds derived from hematoporphyrin were compared using two human tumor cell lines with a soft-agar colony-forming assay. Reproducible dose- and time-dependent increases in reproductive cell death were observed for each porphyrin tested. Two fractions derived from hematoporphyrin derivative (HPD) were found to be better photosensitizers than HPD itself, indicating the potential value of this in vitro assay for detecting the most active component from a heterogeneous mixture. PMID- 6233457 TI - Steroid concentrations in the outer and inner zones of the adrenal cortex of the guinea pig. AB - The outer (glomerulosa and fasciculata) and inner (reticularis) zones of the adrenal cortex of the guinea pig were separated and their steroid content determined. It was found that the concentration of 21-hydroxypregnenolone, deoxycorticosterone, corticosterone, aldosterone, 11-deoxycortisol, and cortisol was significantly higher in the outer cortical region, while the concentration of pregnenolone, 17-hydroxypregnenolone, and dehydroepiandrosterone was significantly higher in the inner zone. The concentration of progesterone, 17 hydroxyprogesterone, and androstenedione was not different in the two zones. Examination of specific steroid ratios suggested the following: (1) 3 beta-ol dehydrogenase/isomerase and 21-hydroxylase activities are reduced in the inner zone, (2) 17-hydroxylase and C17 20 lyase activities appear to be equally active in the two zones (3) 11 beta-hydroxylase activity appears to be more active in the inner zone (4) 21- hydroxypregnenolone , deoxycorticosterone, corticosterone, 11-deoxycortisol, and cortisol along with aldosterone are produced principally in the outer zone. PMID- 6233459 TI - [Glycoproteins and platelet function]. AB - Interactions between platelets and blood vessels are very important to maintain the equilibrium between haemorrhagy and thrombosis. Plasmatic membrane of platelets, with its external surface rich in carbon hydrates, contains specific glycoproteins the role of which is essential in adhesive mechanisms and platelet aggregation. This cellular surface also carry numerous receptors for many agents. New progresses will allow a better physiopharmacological approach of platelet inhibition, adhesion and aggregation. PMID- 6233460 TI - T-cell cytotoxicity and aging: differing causes of reduced response in individual mice. AB - Specific T-cell cytotoxic responses to allogeneic and hapten-modified syngeneic cells decrease with age. In order to determine the causes of these reduced T-cell cytotoxic responses, spleen cells from individual young and senescent C57BL/6J female mice were mixed in various proportions in culture with either X-irradiated BALB/c spleen cells or trinitrophenyl-modified syngeneic cells and the resultant cytotoxic responses determined in comparison to those of spleen cells from young and old mice stimulated alone. In both allogeneic and hapten-modified syngeneic cytotoxicity, it was found that a low percentage of the aged mice suffered from decreased helper-cell activity or from increase of suppressor activity, while the majority of mice showed no synergy, positive or negative, with the cells from the young donor. Studies of interleukin-2 (IL-2) activity were performed on conditioned medium from spleen cells from mice of various ages cultured for 24 h with concanavalin A. Those preparations from senescent mice that showed reduced IL-2 activity did not contain activity suppressive or competitive to IL-2 produced by spleen cells from young mice. Limiting dilution of spleen cells from mice of various ages in the presence of semi-allogeneic stimulatory cells and subsequent assay of the resultant allogeneic cytotoxicity provided a measure of the frequency of cytotoxic units. Parallel experiments in which crude IL-2 was added to the limit dilution cultures provided a measure of the frequency of cytotoxic cell precursors. Once again in these experiments, individual senescent mice demonstrated different defects. Three different types of age-related defects were observed. Certain aged mice were devoid of detectable cytotoxic units and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte precursor at the cell dilutions used. Other senescent mice demonstrated a very low frequency of cytotoxic units (approximately 1/40 000) as compared with young mice (approximately 1/5 000), and the addition of crude IL-2 to cultures from these mice did not improve reactivity. A third group of old mice, those with a moderate age-related decrease in the frequency of cytotoxic units (approximately 1/12 000), demonstrated a cytotoxic T-lymphocyte precursor frequency in the presence of crude IL-2 which was comparable to that of young mice (approximately 1/1000). PMID- 6233462 TI - Linkage of conidial longevity determinant genes in Neurospora crassa. AB - The longevity of conidia of Neurospora crassa was previously defined as their ability to grow after aging in a constant environment. The heritable median lifespan of the wild type is 22 days. Heritable mutants with lifespans of 5-7 days were previously selected. The pleiotropic colony phenotype of the mutants greatly facilitates genetical analysis of their inheritance. Twenty-eight mutants were mapped by recombinational analysis. All but one were located at genes on one arm of the seven chromosomes, linkage group IR; the exception was at the terminus of linkage group VIR. Sixteen of the 17 genes on IR are collectively called the age-1 complex. The average and standard deviation of the distance of 13 intervals between adjacent genes in the complex was 4.9 +/- 1.1 map units; hence they appear to be spatially reiterated. Other observations indicate that the genes are also functionally redundant. PMID- 6233461 TI - Selection of conidial longevity mutants of Neurospora crassa. AB - Conidial survival was measured after incubation in white light at 30 degrees C and 85-100% relative humidity. The heritable median lifespan (MLS) of the wild type ( age0 ) was 22 days. Spontaneous short-lived mutants (age-) with MLS about 7 days occurred among both sexual and asexual progeny of wild-type at a frequency of about 10%. Radiation of conidia with near ultraviolet light increased the mutation frequency about 5-9-fold above spontaneous. The apparent spontaneous reversion frequency was about 0.1% or less. Four lines of evidence indicated that conditional defective conidiophorogenesis is a pleiotropic expression of the age- mutations. Of five age- mutants tested, all were photosensitive and remedial by vitamin E, exhibiting wild-type survival in darkness or after preculture with vitamin E. Selective breeding yielded variants (age+) with about 14-day increments of MLS at each of three generations beyond the F1. The segregation of either age- or age+ in crosses to age0 was Mendelian. A survey of mutants of 61 genes with other biochemical or morphological phenotypes indicated, as a conservative estimate, that 9 or 15% may exert a pleiotropic adverse effect on conidial longevity. PMID- 6233463 TI - Dominance and complementation relationships of conidial longevity mutants of Neurospora crassa. AB - Previously we reported the occurrence of 16 linked conidial longevity determinant genes in Neurospora. Mutations of those genes are characterized by a reduction of longevity, a pleiotropic morphological defect, and deficiency of five antioxygenic enzymes. On the basis of the linkage and biochemical data, it was proposed that the genes are spatially and functionally redundant. The results of the present investigation support the hypothesis of functional redundancy. All of the mutants examined were dominant to wild type and failed to complement in heterokaryons. These results are discussed in terms of two molecular models of gene function. PMID- 6233464 TI - [Cellulitis. Histopathologic and histochemical study of 100 cases]. AB - An analysis of the bibliographical background is made. A study of 100 cases of cellulitis from the histopathologic and histochemical features is performed. The biopsies were done on patients of the feminine sex as a start of a whole treatment. It is inferred that in cellulitis pathologic, metabolic, hormonal and may be immunological factors, are linked to the malfunction of the vascular changes (micro-pathological angiopathy) in the form of thickening of the walls of capillaries and arterioles, that would generate a muco-edema in the dermo hypodermic tissues. The cellulitis owing to its typical histological characteristics might be considered as a dystrophic capillary connective mucoidotic edema predominant in the skin of the root of the lower limbs. PMID- 6233465 TI - [Diffuse malignant lymphoma with small cleaved cells preceded by erythroderma with non-caseous granulomatous infiltration of the skin and leukemoid reaction]. AB - This is a description of a case in a man who developed non-Hodgkin lymphoma of small cleaved cells preceded by erythroderma with leukemoid reaction. Non- caseous granulomas with Langhans' cells were found in the skin biopsy. The etiologic agent was not identified until the neoplasia that killed him was demonstrated. Autopsy study showed lymphomatous infiltration in all ganglionaries groups, the skin, lungs, kidney, liver, spleen, adrenal glands and bone marrow. One of the interesting aspects of the case in the tissue reaction to the neoplastic process, a fact already described but rarely observed. PMID- 6233466 TI - Evaluation of blocking mechanisms against immunological responses in patients with laryngeal carcinoma. AB - The specific tumor-induced leukocyte inhibition factor (LIF) production in laryngeal cancer patients has been investigated before and after the removal of adherent cells in order to evaluate the existence of a suppressor activity; 20 patients served as subject. The LIF production, after challenging the lymphocytes with 3MKC1 autologous tumor extracts, was significant in 12 patients and showed a further significant increase after the removal of adherent cells. In 3 patients with no previous significant LIF production, there was a conversion to significance when the adherent cells were removed. The other patients did not show any significant variation. These data seem to suggest the existence of a suppressor activity exerted by adherent cells in laryngeal cancer patients on LIF production. PMID- 6233467 TI - 5-Hydroxytryptamine : a modulator of food composition but not quantity? AB - After a meal of protein, in contrast to a meal of carbohydrate (CHO) at 1915 hr, rats allowed to choose from high carbohydrate and high protein diets during 2000 2100 hr prefer CHO (1). Thus the hypothesis that this regulation of macronutrient selection involves brain 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) metabolism was tested. Compared to three baseline days during which rats (250- 300g ) consumed 1 g CHO, rats fed tryptophan (TRP, 5-HT precursor; 15 mg in 1 g CHO) selected meals higher in protein concentration (35.4% vs 46.6%, F (1,12) = 20.05, p less than 0.001) from 10% and 60% casein diets during 2000-2100 hr. Associated with the higher protein selection was an elevated brain 5-HT turnover in rats killed 30 minutes after consuming CHO + TRP. Pretreating rats with p-chlorophenylalanine, an inhibitor of TRP hydroxylase, blocked this effect of TRP (36.3% vs 37.0%). Fenfluramine (1 and 2 mg/kg i.p. at 1945 hr), which transiently enhances neuronal 5-HT release, increased the rat's relative preference for protein from 28.8% to 37.5% (2 mg/kg, t = 3.21, p less than 0.025) during 2000-2100 hr. These rats, also exhibited a selective preference for CHO between 3-12 hrs post injection which paralleled the known subsequent depletion of 5-HT by fenfluramine. We conclude that the relative proportion of protein and carbohydrate selected in a meal is controlled, at least in part, by prior food effects on brain 5-HT metabolism. PMID- 6233468 TI - Observations on the vascular pattern of the septum of normal and hypertrophied human hearts. PMID- 6233469 TI - [Functional characteristics of flexible supporting structures for heart valve bioprosthesis]. AB - Hydraulic characteristics of heart valve bioprostheses mounted on supporting structures of various rigidity have been studied under physiologic conditions. An actual mobility of the supporting structures made of different polymers is determined. Static and dynamic components of the support displacements have been shown to develop as the bioprosthesis is under the load, the dynamic component being strongly dependent upon the rigidity of fastening the bioprosthesis on the axis. It is noted that considerable improvements in hydraulic characteristics of bioprostheses are achieved through the use of flexible supporting structures. PMID- 6233470 TI - Assay of rate of aging of conidia of Neurospora crassa. PMID- 6233471 TI - The p lambda CM system: phage immunity-specific incompatibility with IncP-1 plasmids. AB - A p lambda CM2 replicon derived by an N- deletion from lambda::Tn9 which carries the imm434 immunity region is incompatible with some (but not all) IncP-1 plasmids. The imm lambda p lambda CM1 replicon does not show the same incompatibility behavior. PMID- 6233472 TI - Observations on the formation of clones containing araB-lacZ cistron fusions. AB - Casadaban (1976) developed a technique for isolating E. coli clones containing fusions of the amino terminal-encoding portion of any cistron with the carboxy terminal-encoding portion of lacZ. The technique utilizes prophage Mu homology to bring the two cistrons into proximity. I have followed the appearance over time of colonies containing araB-lacZ fusions from a strain where the beginning of the araB cistron is connected to lacZ by an intact Mucts62 prophage. Cultures of the starting strain grown on a variety of media have fewer than 2 in 10(10) cells capable of forming colonies within three days after plating on selective arabinose-lactose medium. At 32 degrees C, there is a delay of between 4 and 19 days before the first colony appears. The kinetics of colony appearance over the next two to four weeks then shows a rapid increase in the number of new colonies emerging per day followed by a decline. The pattern of colonial emergence and the final numbers of fusion colonies obtained are not grossly affected by reducing the number of cells plated over five orders of magnitude. Fusion colonies sometimes show a clustered pattern when they first emerge. Inoculation of pre existing fusion clones at specific locations on the arabinose-lactose selection plates seeded with the starting strain leads to the formation of inhibitory zones where no fusion colonies appear. Selection plates contain many microcolonies and papillae which do not proliferate into scoreable colonies but nonetheless contain cells capable of growth when replated on the same selective medium. Up to 39% of all plated cells are capable of producing fusion clones. The kinetics of fusion colony appearance can be altered by environmental and genetic manipulations. Partial derepression of the Mucts prophage at 37 degrees accelerates the appearance of colonies but also reduces the final yield. Addition of limiting concentrations of glucose to the selective medium also accelerates the appearance of colonies in a specific fashion: enrichments below the level required for maximum acceleration produce a biphasic kinetics with two waves of fusion clone emergence separated by an eight-day interval. Infection with Muc+pAp phage produces dilysogens that have almost completely lost the ability to produce fusions. Infection with MuctsAampAp phage produces strains that are reduced in phage production and have delayed kinetics of fusion clone emergence. The implications of these observations for theories of hereditary change in bacteria are discussed. PMID- 6233474 TI - Dose-dependent induction of immunologic enhancement and suppression after oral administration of antigen. AB - The effects of feeding various quantities of a particulate antigen, sheep red blood cells (SRBC), on plaque-forming cells (PFC) in the spleen were determined. Mice were given various numbers of SRBC orally daily for 14 days, then injected with SRBC intravenously. Splenic IgA PFC responses to SRBC were enhanced in the mice fed 5 X 10(8) SRBC and splenic IgG PFC responses to SRBC were depressed in the mice fed 5 X 10(9) SRBC. Adoptive transfer experiments showed that enhancement of splenic IgA PFC responses and suppression of splenic IgG PFC responses were induced by the T-cell rich fraction from Peyer's patches (PP) and the spleen in 5 X 10(8) SRBC- and 5 X 10(9) SRBC-fed mice, respectively. Kinetic studies revealed that IgA helper cells or IgG suppressor cells appeared in PP 2 days after oral administration and 4 days after it in the spleen. PMID- 6233473 TI - Immunoregulatory T cells in measles. The relationship between reduced lymphocyte proliferative response to PHA and increased proportion of circulating suppressor cytotoxic T cells. AB - Viral infections are often associated with immunodeficiency states. Although T lymphocytes have been thought to suppress the host's immune response, the precise cellular basis for this phenomenon remains unclear. Therefore, we characterized peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 9 measles virus-infected children by means of monoclonal antibodies directed against surface antigens expressed on human T lymphocytes and T-cell subsets. In addition, the measles lymphocyte blast transformation response to the T-cell mitogen phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) was evaluated as an index of specific T-cell immunocompetence. During the course of measles, there was a slight reduction in the proportion of total circulating T cells, with a relative decrease in helper-inducer and a parallel increase in suppressor-cytotoxic T lymphocytes. The PHA lymphocyte blastogenic response was found to be defective in children with measles and, interestingly, there was a significant negative correlation between the reduced PHA blast transformation value and the increased proportion of suppressor-cytotoxic cells. The biological implications of these finding with respect to the underlying immunopathology of the measles virus infection are discussed. PMID- 6233476 TI - Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty in Australia. PMID- 6233475 TI - Development of skin reaction to hepatitis B vaccines in man. PMID- 6233477 TI - Balloon dilatation of coronary arteries. Four years' experience of coronary angioplasty. AB - The results of 126 consecutive balloon dilatations of coronary arteries, carried out in 110 patients between 1980 and the end of 1983, are reported. The follow-up periods ranged from one to 47 months. The primary success rate was 74%, and the long-term success rate was 65%. In successful cases, the diameter of stenosis was changed, on average, from an initial 88% to 33%. Acute occlusion of the vessel occurred on 13 occasions (10%). Of these, myocardial infarction occurred in eight (6%), and emergency bypass grafts were performed in nine (7%). One of these 13 patients died (case fatality rate, 0.8%). Occlusion of the dilated vessels did not occur after the patients were discharged from hospital. However, stenosis recurred in 20 of 80 patients with successfully dilated arteries (25%). Dilatation was repeated in 16 of these, and stenosis had not recurred at the three-months' follow-up. There has been a marked improvement in the success rate of this procedure over the years. It is concluded that balloon dilatation is an effective and safe alternative to bypass graft surgery in selected patients with coronary artery disease. PMID- 6233478 TI - Down's syndrome and tongue size. PMID- 6233479 TI - Postexposure prophylaxis of hepatitis B. PMID- 6233480 TI - [Long-term result and its evaluation after aorto-coronary bypass grafting]. AB - Since a first successful A-C bypass using saphenous vein graft was performed in 1970, eighty five patients with severe coronary heart disease were operated on in our clinic. Up to date, A-C bypass was carried out in sixty four cases, and aorto coronary sinus bypass (Ao-Cs bypass) as an arterialization of the coronary venous system was done in one case in the group of angina pectoris. Three cases among sixty four patients who underwent A-C bypass and a case of Ao-Cs bypass died of low cardiac output syndrome postoperatively. Other two cases died of refractory arrhythmia and cardiomyopathy 6 years after surgery. The remaining fifty nine cases are doing well without any complications during follow up from ranging 2 months to 13 years (mean 3 years 4 months). Recently, no operative death was found during past 8 years with development of surgical technique and myocardial protection. Ventricular function (cardiac index, LVedp, Max LV dp/dt, EF, LVEDVI , double products at rest and during treadmill exercise test) disclosed good results especially in complete revascularization group. Graft patency had a close correlation between a diameter of the coronary artery at the anastomosis site and bypass graft flow after completion of bypass. Subsequently, a good patency rate (84%-86%) was obtained in cases with the coronary artery more than 1.5 mm in diameter. It could be concluded that A-C bypass was useful procedure to improve ventricular function as well as clinical symptoms and longevity of the life. PMID- 6233481 TI - [Analysis of suppressor cell activities in spleen cells from gastric cancer patients and the effect of splenectomy on prognosis of gastric cancer]. AB - In gastric cancer patients, activities of Concanavalin-A induced suppressor cells ( ConAS ) and spontaneous suppressor cells (SpS) in spleen cells (SC), peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) and splenic vein lymphocytes (SVL) were comparatively investigated. Suppressions by ConAS in PBL were significantly increased in patients of Stages III and IV, while suppressions by SpS were increased in patients with recurrent tumors. Elevated activities of ConAS and SpS were observed in SCs and SVLs , respectively. ConAS activities were mostly indicated in the medium sized lymphocyte fractions which were fractionated on the basis of cell size, while SpS activities in the larger sized fraction. Cell numbers in the large sized lymphocyte fraction which contained higher proportion of Tg cells and OKT8 reactive T cells, tended to increase with advances of the disease. These results suggest that spleen contained much higher proportion of suppressor precursors which might be activated to become suppressor cells with advances of the disease. Furthermore, the effect of splenectomy on the prognosis of gastric cancer was investigated in randomized controlled trial. The patients who underwent total gastrectomy and had main location of the tumor on lesser curvature region were divided into two groups at random; splenectomy (+) and splenectomy (-) groups. A suggestive prolongation of survival time was observed in splenectomy (+) group. Thus, spleen seems to contribute to the immunosuppression in gastric cancer patients and splenectomy may lead to better prognosis. PMID- 6233482 TI - Right bundle-branch block in a dog. AB - A cardiac gallop rhythm and a low-grade systolic murmur were found in an 8-year old Miniature Poodle. Conditions had not changed 7 months later, but electrocardiographic evaluation revealed a short R wave, large S wave, prolonged QRS interval and mean electrical axis of -100 degrees, all consistent with a right bundle-branch block. The dog has remained in good condition for 2 years without right-heart enlargement, ectopic beats or tachycardia, indicating the condition was an incidental finding. PMID- 6233483 TI - Dioctophyma renale in a dog. PMID- 6233484 TI - Diagnosis of causes of respiratory diseases in cattle. AB - Cattle with Pasteurella bronchopneumonia usually have a fever, abnormal respiratory sounds in the cranioventral lung fields, consolidation, pleuritis and abscesses. Lungworms primarily affect 4- to 6-month-old calves, which become febrile and dyspneic, with moist rales. Diagnosis is by fecal examination using the Baermann technic. Proliferative pneumonia usually affects stabled adults, which develop severe dyspnea and tachypnea. Diagnosis is by the history, clinical signs and lung biopsy. Acute bovine pulmonary emphysema is caused by ingestion of large amounts of L-tryptophan in lush pasture. Affected cattle have severe, acute dyspnea, an expiratory grunt and froth around the muzzle. Diagnosis is by the history and clinical signs. Bronchiolitis obliterans narrows the airways of older animals to cause dyspnea. A positive response to corticosteroids aids diagnosis. Anaphylaxis occurs in cattle of all types and ages and is precipitated by various antigens in a type-I hypersensitivity reaction. Use of atropine aids diagnosis. Allergic or hypersensitivity pneumonia is caused by an allergy to insecticides, dead ascarid larvae or the mold, Micropolyspora faeni. Diagnosis is by a history of insect fogger use, finding M faeni in the forage, and typical histologic lesions in lung samples. Cattle with caudal vena caval thrombosis have dyspnea, a fever, froth around the muzzle, an expiratory groan and hypergammaglobulinemia. Malignant catarrhal fever is diagnosed by a history of previous exposure to sheep and finding swollen lymph nodes, fever, neutropenia and arteritis. PMID- 6233485 TI - The practice of tubal sterilization: review of a departmental practice pattern. PMID- 6233486 TI - Effect of inhaled ipratropium bromide on tracheal mucociliary transport in bronchial asthma. PMID- 6233488 TI - Transluminal angioplasty for peripheral vascular disease. PMID- 6233487 TI - A dose-rate effect in UV mutagenesis in neurospora. AB - A simple system for screening a large number of genes for recessive lethal mutations has been used to study dose-rate effects on UV-induced mutation. Acute UV produced 4 times as many mutations as did the same dose given at chronic rate. Chronic UV at 0 degree gave as many mutations as acute UV; this indicates that the prevention of mutation during chronic treatment at 22 degrees results from metabolic repair activities. In a strain which lacked excision repair, acute UV produced twice as many mutations as chronic; this suggests that the dose-rate effect seen in repair-proficient Neurospora results from the action of the excision-repair system as well as from some other repair system. PMID- 6233489 TI - Circulating heparan sulfate anticoagulant in a patient with a fatal bleeding disorder. AB - We have identified a circulating, heparin-like anticoagulant in a patient with multiple myeloma (IgG4 lambda) who had serious clinically evident bleeding that contributed to his death. Purification of the patient's circulating coagulation inhibitor was accomplished by ammonium sulfate concentration, anion exchange chromatography, and affinity chromatography on protamine sulfate. Analysis of the purified inhibitor showed that it was a proteoglycan that comigrated with heparan sulfate on lithium acetate-agarose-gel electrophoresis and that it contained 39 per cent L-iduronic acid. Control samples of heparan sulfate and heparin contained 29 and 68 per cent L-iduronic acid, respectively. Functional coagulation studies revealed that the purified inhibitor had cofactor activity with antithrombin III that could be abolished by prior incubation with protamine sulfate or platelet factor 4. Recognition of the existence of this or of other similar inhibitors in bleeding patients is important because of the potential for treatment with agents such as protamine sulfate and platelet factor 4, which neutralize the anticoagulant effects of proteoglycans. PMID- 6233490 TI - Environmental hormone contamination in Puerto Rico. PMID- 6233491 TI - Protein structure: from Bacilus to rabbit. PMID- 6233493 TI - Fibre type composition of single motor units during synapse elimination in neonatal rat soleus muscle. AB - Skeletal motor neurones innervate the specialized 'types' of fibres comprising most mammalian muscles in a characteristic fashion: each motor neurone forms a 'motor unit' by innervating a set of fibres all of the same type. Because the type expression of adult muscle fibres is plastic and apparently controlled by their innervation, each motor neurone is thought to impose a common type differentiation on all the fibres in its motor unit. However, the situation in developing muscles cannot be this simple. Muscle fibres in neonates receive synaptic input from several motor neurones and achieve the adult, single innervation only after a period of 'synapse elimination. Despite this polyneuronal innervation, differentiated fibre types are present in neonatal muscles. This means either that the motor neurones polyneuronally innervate fibres in a random fashion and type expression is not determined by innervation or that the polyneuronal innervation is ordered in such a way that each fibre could receive unambiguous instructions for type differentiation. We have investigated these possibilities here by determining the fibre type composition of motor units in neonatal rat soleus muscle. We find that even during the time of polyneuronal innervation each motor neurone confines its innervation to largely one of two fibre types present in the muscle. Therefore, some mechanism during early development segregates the synapses of two groups of soleus motor neurones onto two separate populations of soleus muscle fibres. PMID- 6233492 TI - Evolution of phosphofructokinase--gene duplication and creation of new effector sites. AB - Phosphofructokinases (PFK; EC 2.7.1.11) are tetrameric enzymes that have a key role in the regulation of glycolysis; as such, they are subject to allosteric activation and inhibition by various metabolites. Eukaryotic PFKs are about twice the size of prokaryotic enzymes and are regulated by a wider repertoire of effectors: for example, the subunit molecular weights of rabbit muscle (RM) PFK and Bacillus stearothermophilus (Bs) PFK are 82,000 and 36,000, respectively. Both enzymes are activated by ADP (or AMP), but RM-PFK is also activated by fructose bisphosphates (FBP) and inhibited by ATP and citrate. This, together with other evidence, has led to speculation that mammalian PFKs have evolved by duplication of a prokaryotic gene, although previous peptide analysis failed to reveal internal homology in RM-PFK. Here we demonstrate clear homology among the N- and C-halves of RM-PFK and Bs-PFK, thus establishing an evolutionary relationship by series gene duplication and divergence. Furthermore, detailed knowledge of the Bs-PFK structure provides the basis for inferences concerning the structural organization of RM-PFK and the evolution of new effector sites in the enzyme tetramer. PMID- 6233495 TI - Nursing your lower back. Part 1. PMID- 6233494 TI - Purification, sequencing and synthesis of natriuretic and vasoactive rat atrial peptide. AB - Mammalian atria contain potent natriuretic and diuretic substances which exist in high- and low-molecular-weight forms and which appear to be associated with atrium-specific granules. The natriuretic effect of atrial extract is largely accountable for by its renal haemodynamic effects; atrial extracts also antagonize hormone- and non-hormone-induced contraction of the isolated rabbit aorta and isolated rat kidney vasculature. We have completely purified a low molecular-weight natriuretic and vasoactive substance from rat atria and characterized it as a 24-amino acid peptide. Synthetic peptide, produced by solid phase synthesis, mimics biological effects of crude atrial extract and purified peptide; its activity is enhanced by slow oxidation, suggesting a disulphide (Cys 4-Cys 20) configuration for the native peptide. If secreted into blood, this atrial natriuretic peptide (' auriculin B') could be a novel peptide hormone of considerable importance to renal and cardiovascular homeostasis. PMID- 6233496 TI - Blockade of electrophysiological properties of muscle fibres by lycorine. AB - This study concerns the action of the alkaloid lycorine on electrophysiological properties of single sartorius muscle fibres. Lycorine caused a decrease of the resting membrane potential, a lengthening in the rise and decay times of the action potential and a fall of the muscle accommodation. The depolarizing effect was not affected when Na+ is replaced by choline in the Ringer solution. Lycorine did not inhibit the (Na+ + K+) ATPase activity. The results suggest that action of lycorine on the electrophysiological properties can be attributed to an interference with potassium channels. PMID- 6233497 TI - Analgesia induced by brief or more prolonged stress differs in its dependency on naloxone, 5-hydroxytryptamine and previous testing of analgesia. AB - Analgesia was determined in rats by a standard procedure in which the time taken to withdraw the tail from water at 51 degrees C was noted. The analgesic responses resulting from footshock applied for 30 sec and 30 min showed marked differences in pharmacological profile and in the dependence on experimental conditions. Thus, analgesia induced by footshock applied for 30 sec was enhanced when 5-HT in the brain was decreased by injection of p-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA), was unaffected by naloxone and was dependent on pre-exposure to the test procedure for analgesia. In contrast analgesia induced by footshock applied for 30 min was attenuated by injection of PCPA and naloxone but was not dependent on pre-exposure to the analgesia test. It is suggested that the analgesia induced by footshock applied for 30 sec and 30 min reflects distinct mechanisms and that, in the former case, the animal behaves as if the shock occurred as a consequence of its motor response to the noxious heat applied during the pre-shock determination of analgesia. PMID- 6233498 TI - [Outcome of enuresis in the young adult]. PMID- 6233499 TI - In vitro synthesis of antibodies to acetylcholine receptor by peripheral blood cells: role of suppressor T cells in normal subjects. AB - Peripheral blood mononuclear cells of 15 of 20 patients with generalized myasthenia gravis synthesized antibodies to acetylcholine receptor (AChR) when the cells were stimulated in vitro with pokeweed mitogen. In contrast, mononuclear cells of 1 of 16 normal subjects synthesized detectable AChR antibodies. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells of five normal subjects were studied before and after putative suppressor T cells (OKT8+) were removed by a fluorescent activated cell sorter. Depletion of OKT8+ cells did not result in production of AChR antibodies, but pokeweed mitogen-induced polyclonal IgG synthesis and activation of B cells to form immunoglobulin-secreting cells (reverse hemolytic plaque assay) were increased. Therefore, failure of blood mononuclear cells of normal subjects to synthesize detectable anti-AChR in response to pokeweed mitogen is not due to suppression by OKT8+ cells. PMID- 6233500 TI - Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty: a review of the initial Army experience. PMID- 6233501 TI - The use of a straight tube graft decreases blood loss and operation time in patients with an abdominal aortic aneurysm. AB - A retrospective study was carried out on 386 consecutive patients admitted during the period 1975 to 1981 with an abdominal aortic aneurysm; 110 patients (39%) were treated by means of a straight tube graft instead of the more commonly employed bifurcation prosthesis. Its use reduced the operation time by 26 to 31% (p less than 0.001) in both non-ruptured and ruptured aneurysms. Operative blood loss was significantly reduced in ruptured aneurysms only (29%, p less than 0.05). Secondary operations for iliac aneurysm repair were not required in any patient with a straight tube graft during the follow-up period (6 to 60 months). Our experience suggests that, in the absence of significant iliac artery disease, the use of a straight tube graft is the procedure of choice in the treatment of an abdominal aortic aneurysm. PMID- 6233502 TI - [Degenerative diseases of the central nervous system: Huntington chorea and zinc]. PMID- 6233503 TI - [Changes in spontaneous platelet aggregation induced by the ambient temperature]. AB - The diagnostic meaning of the functional platelets modifications (particularly those of spontaneous platelet aggregation = P.A.) in cardiovascular pathology has been recalled. It is emphasized that, in order to have significantly predictable data on eventual pathological alterations in case of deviations of values considered normal, one has to use methods that do not differ from the real haemorheological conditions. A research has therefore been made with the purpose to evaluate the influence that variations of temperature may have on the samples collected and left to sediment (for the separation of the PRP) and the subsequent modifications of P.A. The research has been made in double on plasma sedimented at 37 degrees C and at room-temperature on 731 subjects, 289 of which were the casuistic groups for the subsequent statistic elaboration. With similar modalities in other 8 patients the eventual variations in excretion of beta-TG were looked for. The results have shown that there are important variations of the spontaneous P.A. rates, that the difference is always statistically very significant and that lowering the temperature of the samples favors an increase in beta-TG excretion . The Authors think therefore that only the sedimentation at 37 degrees C issues a plasma usefull for the further performing of platelets tests, while in the plasma obtained with sedimentation at room-temperature the platelets are perhaps already stimulated to an activation (and subsequently an aggregation) higher than the real one. Data obtained from a homogeneous group of subjects, healthy from a clinical point of view, allowed to fix the new range of normal values within 3% of aggregability . The mechanisms that lead to such different results are discussed. Emphasis is put on the fact that the spontaneous P.A. determined by the means mentioned seems satisfactorily near to the real clinical conditions. That's why the hypothesis arises that also other tests concerning platelet functions could be negatively influenced if they have room temperature as a condition for plasma separation. PMID- 6233504 TI - [Index of splenohepatic uptake of 99mTc-MMA in the diagnosis of diffuse hepatopathy]. AB - A sequential scintigraphic technique for the evaluation of liver and spleen granulopexic function is described. The spleno-hepatic uptake index revealed by computerised scintiscanning proved a reliable indicator of moderate and especially severe diffuse hepatopathy. The test is quickly and easily performed and is also practical since it uses the same radioactive bolus injected for static scintigraphy. PMID- 6233505 TI - [Therapy of occupational dermatitis]. AB - The cause and clinical picture of occupational dermatitis is reviewed and the treatment used in the past and also those introduced recently discussed. PMID- 6233506 TI - [Surgical laparoscopy. Alternatives to traditional gynecologic surgery]. PMID- 6233508 TI - Position and function of the organic selenium in glutathione peroxidase. PMID- 6233507 TI - Saltatory conduction of peripheral nerve impulse in clioquinol-treated rats. AB - By using a new method, unidimensional latency-topography, which shows the saltatory conduction pattern of an impulse along peripheral nerve fibers, the internodal length, internodal conduction time and conduction velocity were determined from the L5 ventral and/or dorsal root filaments of clioquinol-treated rats (CTR). The saltatory conduction pattern was preserved in most of the CTR fibers tested, but was not seen in some fibers. A positive correlation was seen between the conduction velocity and the internodal length in the nerve fibers of both the normal rats and CTR. Although there was no difference in the internodal length between normal rats and CTR, conduction velocities determined in CTR fibers were lower than those in normal rat fibers. Myelin length was calculated from the saltatory conduction pattern in the topography to represent the functional length of the saltatory conduction. The functional myelin length of the CTR fiber was shorter than that of normal rats. Shortening of the functional myelin length in CTR is due to the widening of the Ranvier node, which corresponds to the exposure of the Ranvier node, i.e. demyelination. It was concluded that the decrease in conduction velocity in CTR fibers was due to exposure which caused delayed excitation at the Ranvier nodes. PMID- 6233509 TI - Industrial dermatitis. PMID- 6233510 TI - Evaluation of low back pain. PMID- 6233511 TI - Manville bankruptcy outcome may have far-reaching impact. PMID- 6233512 TI - [Current problems of health policy]. PMID- 6233513 TI - [Current problems of communicable disease control]. PMID- 6233514 TI - [State-of-the-art of psychiatry in North Rhine-Westphalia]. PMID- 6233515 TI - [Tasks of the social psychiatric service of the public health administration in North Rhine-Westphalia]. PMID- 6233517 TI - [Performance of tasks of the public health service by a regional health administration]. PMID- 6233516 TI - [Structure and tasks of the public health service in the state administration, particularly in the office of the head of the state government]. PMID- 6233518 TI - [5-year-long regional special council for health education in North Rhine Westphalia]. PMID- 6233519 TI - [Epidemiology of enterovirus infections--poliomyelitis included--in Lower Saxony 1983 (12.15.1983)]. PMID- 6233520 TI - [Floor disinfection in hospitals by a professional company--a report of experience]. PMID- 6233521 TI - [Comparative studies of the diagnosis of gonorrhea]. PMID- 6233522 TI - Assistance for handicapped drivers. PMID- 6233523 TI - Small doses of etidronate (EHDP) and Paget's disease: meaning and importance of the decrease in plasmatic 25(OH)D3. PMID- 6233524 TI - [Toxoplasmas of wild warm-blooded animals in Turkmenia]. AB - Antibodies to Toxoplasma in the reaction of indirect hemagglutination were found in 8 species of mammals and 2 species of birds. Carriage of antibodies to Toxoplasma in house mouse, common fox, bald coot , and rock-dove was first recorded from Turkmenia . Analysis of the infection with Toxoplasma according to species, habitat of antibodies carriers, their ecology, age, sex and season of investigation is given. PMID- 6233525 TI - [New species of ixodid ticks (Ixodidae) for the fauna of Armenia]. AB - Two species of ixodids , Ixodes arboricola Schulze et Schlottke and I. frontalis ( Panzer ), new for the fauna of Armenia are given. Larvae and nymphs of these ticks were found on birds in the forest zone and gardens. PMID- 6233526 TI - Coping with low back pain through behavioral change. PMID- 6233528 TI - Response of human newborn lymphocytes to alloantigen: lack of evidence for suppression induction. AB - Between 1:120 and 1:180 of human newborn T cells proliferate in limiting dilution cultures with allogeneic lymphocytes or with Ia-bearing monocytic stimulator cells. The proliferating responder cells were derived from both the OKT 4+ and OKT 8+ subsets as determined by immunofluorescence and by thymidine uptake. Five to seven days after an exchange blood transfusion there was a slight increase in the percentage of OKT 8+ T lymphocytes in the recipient's blood. Newborn blood also contains a population of non-T cells which proliferate in the absence of allogeneic stimulator cells. In limiting dilution cultures, the frequency of these spontaneously dividing cells was 1:3125 of mononuclear cells. Our results suggest that the newborn T lymphocyte proliferative response to alloantigen is mature by the time of birth and they provide no phenotypic explanation for the previous report of mixed lymphocyte culture-induced suppression by newborn T cells. The predominance of newborn metaphases in 2-way mixed lymphocyte cultures with adult cells (on which the previous report of suppression was based) is not seen if the non-T (stimulator) cells are irradiated. These results suggest that the data previously interpreted as evidence for suppression arose through proliferation of newborn non-T cells. PMID- 6233527 TI - Neurologic examination of children with learning disorders. AB - The author delineates essential parts of the neurologic examination, discusses the value of various subtle neurologic signs, suggests a differential diagnosis, and recommends guidelines for communication of the findings to parents and referring school personnel as well as the indications for referral to a neurologist. PMID- 6233529 TI - Antibody to Pseudomonas aeruginosa mucoid exopolysaccharide and to sodium alginate in cystic fibrosis serum. AB - Antibodies in cystic fibrosis (CF) sera to Pseudomonas aeruginosa mucoid exopolysaccharide and to sodium alginate (a polysaccharide from seaweed chemically similar to mucoid exopolysaccharide) were measured in sera of CF patients to determine if the exopolysaccharide is immunogenic. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to test sera from 26 CF patients (18 colonized with pseudomonas and eight non-colonized) and 26 healthy controls. CF patients colonized with pseudomonas had more antibody to mucoid exopolysaccharide (P = 0.0008) and to sodium alginate (P = 0.0008) than did non-colonized CF patients. Virtually none was found in healthy controls. Duration of colonization was correlated with the level of antibody to sodium alginate (P = 0.003) but not with antibody to mucoid exopolysaccharide. Mucoid exopolysaccharide is immunogenic in patients with CF. PMID- 6233530 TI - Ontogeny of the immune system: fetal lamb as a model. AB - We examined adult sheep lymphocytes for the following surface markers: Surface membrane immunoglobulin, antigen identified by anti-sheep thymocyte globulin and complement receptors. We quantitated sheep peripheral blood mononuclear leukocyte proliferative responses to mitogens and alloantigens, and demonstrated a neutrophil-directed chemotactic factor (N-LDCF) liberated by mitogen-stimulated sheep mononuclear cells. A comparison of adult and fetal sheep from 120-150 d of gestation demonstrated that 1) fetal sheep had adult proportions of surface membrane Ig+ and T+ lymphocytes but a significant decrease in FcIgG receptor+ lymphocytes, 2) proliferative responses of fetal sheep blood mononuclear cells to mitogens and alloantigens were comparable to adult responses, and 3) fetal mononuclear leukocytes failed to produce the lymphokine, N-LDCF, in response to mitogen stimulation. PMID- 6233531 TI - Percutaneous absorption of iodochlorhydroxyquin in humans and dogs. PMID- 6233533 TI - [Features of the course of allergic diseases in children in mountain climates]. PMID- 6233532 TI - [Echocardiography and electrocardiography in the diagnosis of myocardial hypertrophy in arterial hypertension in children]. PMID- 6233534 TI - [Bacteriophages and phage therapy in pediatric practice]. PMID- 6233537 TI - Gardening is for everyone. PMID- 6233538 TI - Siblings of the chronically ill or disabled child. Meeting their needs. PMID- 6233535 TI - 1H NMR study of the interaction of bacteriophage lambda Cro protein with the OR3 operator. Evidence for a change of the conformation of the OR3 operator on binding. AB - The specific complex between the lambda phage OR3 operator and the Cro protein has been studied by proton NMR spectroscopy at 500 MHz. The DNA imino proton resonances of this complex have been assigned to specific base pairs using the known assignments of these resonances for the free operator. Increase of the protein/DNA ratio to complete saturation of the OR3 operator with the Cro protein made it possible to follow the shift changes of the resonances. Ambiguities were resolved by nuclear Overhauser effect measurements on the complex. The shifts of the imino proton resonance positions provide information on the changes induced in the conformation of the operator upon complex formation with a dimer of the Cro protein. The most striking shift occurs for the central (GC 9) base pair, which is known to have no direct contacts with the Cro protein. This shift may be induced by a bend in the OR3 operator DNA at the GC 9 base pair to accommodate the operator for the binding of the Cro protein dimer. The imino proton resonances of two additional base pairs can be observed in the complex, demonstrating an overall stabilization of the DNA structure by the binding of the Cro protein. PMID- 6233536 TI - 1H-NMR study of the lambda operator site OL1: assignment of the imino and adenine H2 resonances. AB - One- and two-dimensional proton NMR methods are being used to study the synthetic lambda operator site O-L1, a 17 base-pair DNA duplex recognized by lambda repressor and Cro protein. The complete assignment of the 17 imino protons, which participate in Watson-Crick hydrogen bonding, and of the eight adenine H2 protons, which lie in the minor groove of the double helix, is presented. PMID- 6233539 TI - The community deals with the child who has a handicap. AB - Exclusion messages, however subtle, are interwoven into the community of the child who is handicapped. The subsystems of family, religion, neighborhood, education, health care, and financial assistance agencies have good intentions but frequently communicate poorly with the child and the parents. What is meant as a help becomes a hindrance for the child who must adapt to a limitation while continuing to move toward self-esteem, self-sufficiency, and skills that will enhance productivity and employability. No one negative message will destroy a handicapped child: it is the "history of learned inferiority" that cripples the child who is handicapped. Only when able-bodied individuals within the subsystems recognize the cumulative effect of these messages will the community be responsive to the real needs of the child who has a handicap. Nurses, schooled in sensitivity for the person, should resolve to be in the vanguard in this movement, becoming ever more sensitive to the needs of the handicapped. Such a giant step will begin a fresh and long-needed approach toward understanding those needs central to the well-being of the child who resides in the community and is also handicapped. PMID- 6233540 TI - Focus on the elderly: the prevention of disability and handicap. PMID- 6233542 TI - Starting a pedodontic practice. PMID- 6233541 TI - The future of dentistry for children. PMID- 6233543 TI - [Essential mixed cryoglobulinemia in the light of observed cases]. PMID- 6233544 TI - [Principles of immunoregulation in autoimmune syndromes]. PMID- 6233545 TI - The background to Duovent. AB - The tone of bronchial muscle depends on the balance between the activity of the parasympathetic and sympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system. It is possible to produce broncho-dilatation either by stimulating the sympathetic pathway with sympathomimetic agents such as fenoterol or inhibiting the action of the parasympathetic system using anti-cholinergic agents such as ipratropium bromide. PMID- 6233546 TI - A dose-response and duration of action assessment of a combined preparation of fenoterol and ipratropium bromide (Duovent). AB - The dose-response relationships of a combination of the selective beta adrenergic agonist, fenoterol, and the synthetic anticholinergic drug, ipratropium bromide, were studied. In an open cross-over assessment, 20 patients with evidence of reversible airways obstruction inhaled 2, 4, 6 or 8 puffs from a metered dose inhaler, containing 100 micrograms fenoterol and 40 micrograms ipratropium bromide per puff, administered according to a randomization schedule, on four non consecutive days. Before, and at intervals up to eight hours after inhalation FEV1, FVC, pulse and blood pressure were measured. Immediate and prolonged bronchodilatation followed each dose. The overall analysis of the FEV1, and FVC showed little difference between 2, 4 and 6 puffs. The highest dose, 8 puffs, was more effective, but associated with an increased incidence of side effects. PMID- 6233547 TI - A comparison of effects of inhaling a combined preparation of fenoterol with ipratropium bromide (Duovent) with those of fenoterol and salbutamol. AB - The effects of inhaling an aerosol preparation containing fenoterol 200 micrograms and ipratropium bromide 80 micrograms were compared with those of inhaling 200 micrograms of salbutamol and a similar dose of fenoterol on 20 patients with chronic bronchitis and four patients with chronic stable asthma. The dose of each drug was contained in 2 puffs taken from a metered-dose inhaler. Changes in airways function were assessed by measuring peak expiratory flow rate. Pulse, blood pressure and presence of any tremor were monitored to detect drug induced side effects. No significant difference was found in the onset of action and overall bronchodilator effects between the three drugs. The combined preparation was found to have a significantly greater bronchodilator action three and four hours after inhalation compared to the other two drugs. A significant effect lasting six hours was found with salbutamol and fenoterol, but the combined preparation had an effect which was significant up to seven hours. There was no significant difference in the side effects which were minimal for all three drugs. PMID- 6233548 TI - Comparison of Duovent and salbutamol inhalers in chronic stable asthma. AB - The response to Duovent and salbutamol aerosols was compared in sixteen asthmatics in a double blind cross-over trial. Improvement in FEV1 was significantly better and longer lasting with Duovent . Side effects were not a major problem. PMID- 6233549 TI - Response to Duovent of chronic reversible airways obstruction--a controlled trial in general practice. AB - A controlled trial was carried out in general practice comparing, in two successive 3 week periods, respiratory function in patients with chronic reversible airway obstruction treated, in the first period with their existing metered dose inhaler (MDI) and in the second period with Duovent , an MDI combining anticholinergic and beta2-stimulant agents respectively. One hundred and twenty-two patients were included. Peak expiratory flow rates were increased to a statistically significant degree during the Duovent period and, during this period, there was a significant reduction in day-time cough, night-time wheeze and night wakings . Global ratings by patients and physicians showed that 76% of patients improved with Duovent , and two-thirds of the patients preferred Duovent to their former MDI. Side effects with Duovent were mild, with dry mouth predominating. PMID- 6233551 TI - [Immunogenetic markers of the HLA system in idiopathic hemochromatosis. Contribution and value]. PMID- 6233550 TI - The Blo-Bag, a disposable spacer. AB - " Blo -Bag", a new disposable spacer device, has been tested in conjunction with Duovent metered dose inhaler. Duovent produced a significant bronchodilatation for the duration of the study. When delivered by the " Blo -Bag" it produced a significantly greater increase in peak expiratory flow rate than when delivered by metered dose inhaler. There were no significant side effects. PMID- 6233552 TI - [Relation between personality and spastic angina]. AB - The personalities of 60 patients suffering from episodes of retrosternal pain were evaluated by means of psychological tests ( Cattel 's questionnaire and Eysenck's personality inventory) and semi-directive interviews. The patients fell into three groups: group I patients (n = 21) had atheromatous lesions of the coronary arteries detected at angiography; group II patients (n = 19) had normal or subnormal coronary arteries, but angiography demonstrated arterial spasm; group III patients (n = 20) had angiographically normal coronary arteries without spasm. A statistically significant difference (p less than 0.05) was noted between groups I and II, but not between groups II and III. Eleven of the 21 patients in group I presented with an obsessional personality which was not found in groups II and III where 13/19 and 16/20 patients respectively had a hysterical personality. PMID- 6233553 TI - [Mucigenous cysts of the pituitary gland. 3 cases]. AB - Three cases of mucous cysts, or Rathke's cyst, of the pituitary gland are reported. The clinical and biological features were comparable to those of a non secreting adenoma. Although extremely rare, these cysts must be recognized since their particular and, in theory, specific characteristics (wall made up of a ciliated epithelium with mucus cells and cavity filled with a mucoid substance) distinguish them from other intra or suprasellar pathological formations, especially craniopharyngiomas. The 62 cases reported in the literature suggest that they have a favourable prognosis. PMID- 6233555 TI - [Aortic uncrossing for compressive circumflex aorta. 3 cases]. AB - Three children with circumflex aorta developed signs of tracheobronchial compression. Dividing the arterial ligament was ineffective. At endoscopy, the right side of the trachea and the tracheal bifurcation were found to be severely obstructed by the aorta itself. The aortic arch was approached through a median sternotomy and freed from mediastinal adhesions. The aorta was divided below the point of origin of the right carotid artery, then uncrossed and reimplanted on the left surface of the ascending aortic segment. Cerebral protection was ensured by deep hypothermia and cardiopulmonary bypass. Post-operative angiography showed good reconstruction of the aortic arch. PMID- 6233554 TI - [In vitro treatment of leukemic bone marrow. What future for autologous bone marrow transplantation?]. AB - Autologous bone marrow transplantation is a new technique in which some of the patient's bone marrow is removed and frozen to be reinjected later after heavy chemotherapy and/or total irradiation. Applied to solid tumours, this technique makes it possible to use tumoricidal agents to a degree never achieved before. In acute leukaemias bone marrow can be taken during complete remission, cleared in vitro of contaminating blast cells and reinjected after heavy chemotherapy and/or total irradiation have been given to consolidate the remission. The preliminary results of international trials indicate that this new approach to the treatment of acute leukaemias should substantially prolong the first complete remission and most probably increase the cure rate. The different methods used for in vitro depuration of leukaemic bone marrows (e.g. chemotherapy, monoclonal antibodies, immunotoxins) are described. PMID- 6233556 TI - [Tonsillar suppuration responsible for cerebral abscess. Current incidence]. PMID- 6233557 TI - [Osteogenic sarcoma of soft tissue after post-traumatic myositis ossificans]. PMID- 6233558 TI - [Herpetic esophagitis after allogeneic graft of bone marrow]. PMID- 6233559 TI - [Partial rupture of a Kimray-Greenfield filter]. PMID- 6233560 TI - [Thoracic outlet syndrome. Diagnosis by Roos' test]. PMID- 6233561 TI - [Detection of the involvement of the anterior interventricular artery by echography in the acute stage of inferior infarction]. PMID- 6233562 TI - [Partial splenectomy with the automatic stapler in the adult]. PMID- 6233563 TI - [Epidemiology of popliteal artery entrapment. An unusual pathology?]. PMID- 6233564 TI - [Idiopathic thrombopenic purpura in pregnancy. Management]. PMID- 6233566 TI - [Trial of an insulin solution, concentrated to 100 u/ml, in peritoneal infusion using a portable pump]. PMID- 6233565 TI - [Kinetics of diltiazem in voluntary overdosage]. PMID- 6233567 TI - [Sleep apnea syndromes]. PMID- 6233568 TI - [Diagnosis of cerebral death and the taking of organs]. PMID- 6233569 TI - [Hyperuricemia resistant to urate oxidase. Efficacy of high doses]. PMID- 6233570 TI - [Blenorrhagic rheumatism an ancestor of reactive arthritis?]. PMID- 6233571 TI - [Functional exploration of the liver in 1984]. PMID- 6233572 TI - [Thyroid nodules. Diagnostic value of fine-needle biopsy. 159 surgical patients]. AB - Between October 1980 and March 1983 we explored 269 patients who had one or several thyroid nodules with low or normal technetium 99 uptake. Each palpable nodule was aspirated 1 to 3 times, using a fine 21 G2 needle, and the aspirates were immediately spread on glass-plates and kept in alcohol-ether. After staining by the Harris- Shor method, all plates were examined by the same cytologist. Biopsies were unassessable in 50 patients (18%), mainly because they were entirely made up of red cells. Sixty patients did not undergo surgery. In the 159 patients operated upon, cytology was compared with histology which showed 139 benign and 20 malignant nodules. In 5 histologically benign nodules, cytology had shown nuclear abnormalities or enlarged cells suggestive of malignancy (false positive results: 3.5%). Among 5 nodules diagnosed as benign at cytology, there were 2 papillary microcarcinomas , 2 to 4 mm in diameter, the course of which is little known, 1 well differentiated vesicular cancer extremely difficult to distinguish from vesicular adenoma, and 2 papillary cancers. Fine needle biopsy cytology is a harmless procedure, but it requires considerable experience on the part of cytologists. We consider that it should be performed in all cases of thyroid nodule, either to help in deciding whether or not to operate, or to guide the surgeon in deceding whether or not to operate, or to guide the surgeon in his operative strategy. PMID- 6233573 TI - [Neonatal bacterial infections. Kinetic study of C-reactive protein and orosomucoid]. AB - Changes in serum concentrations versus time of C reactive protein and orosomucoid were investigated in 134 neonates with either materno-foetal infection (group A, n = 111) or nosocomial infection (group B, n = 23). Both proteins were significantly elevated in group A neonates, with mean +/- S.E.M. values of 0.029 +/- 0,003 g/l for C reactive protein (n = 111) and 0.56 +/- 0.003 g/l for orosomucoid (n = 37). In cases with superinfection serum levels of both proteins rose before clinical symptoms developed. Changes in orosomucoid concentrations occurred a few hours after changes in C reactive protein concentrations. Monitoring C reactive protein and orosomucoid levels, in an excellent means of assessing the effectiveness of treatment and of deciding on its withdrawal when both proteins return to normal values. PMID- 6233574 TI - [Acute immunoallergic interstitial nephritis due to noramidopyrine]. AB - A 46-year old patient under noramidopyrine treatment was admitted for acute renal failure. Renal biopsy was performed and showed acute interstitial nephritis without staining at immunofluorescent microscopy. In vitro and in vivo immunological tests using noramidopyrine as antigen were all negative. Abnormal serum creatinine levels were still present 4 months later. To our knowledge, noramidopyrine has rarely been the cause of interstitial nephritis (only one other case has been published), but it has frequently been responsible for drug induced blood diseases, and noramidopyrine-related drugs have previously been involved in drug-induced nephritis. As the renal damage can probably be explained by a delayed hypersensitivity reaction, an early corticosteroid treatment would help in improving renal function. PMID- 6233575 TI - [Accessory heart conduction pathways]. AB - For several decades, the existence in some hearts of accessory conduction pathways other than the principal pathway (AV node and His bundle) has been postulated. With the development of clinical electrophysiology it seemed important to try and correlate anatomical findings with electrophysiological anomalies. The results of 10 years of research in this direction are summarized here. Ten patients, most of whom died of cardiac arrhythmia, previously had intracavitary electrophysiological studies. The anatomical study required approximately 15.000 histological sections for each of the 10 hearts. During these 10 years we gradually became convinced of the existence of 3 accessory pathways, viz. Kent bundles, atrio-His bundle tracts and Mahaim fibres. In addition, correlations between the anatomical hypotheses inferred from electrophysiology and the results of this anatomical study proved excellent in most cases. PMID- 6233576 TI - [Hemostasis of the preprostatic veins in total cystoprostatectomy. Anatomical bases]. AB - An anatomical study has enabled the authors to propose a diagrammatic description of pre-prostatic veins, the haemostasis of which is one of the difficult stages in total cystoprostatectomy for cancer. These veins are surrounded by the pubovesical ligaments but they are separated from the membranous urethra by a cleavage plane which can be used to control venous bleeding. PMID- 6233577 TI - [Severe percutaneous salicylic acid poisoning in a burn patient]. PMID- 6233578 TI - [Acute agranulocytosis. The role of fenbufen?]. PMID- 6233579 TI - [Disseminated intravascular coagulation induced by heparin. Treatment with a combination of low-molecular weight heparin and concentrated antithrombin III]. PMID- 6233580 TI - [Combination of Kaposi's sarcoma and hairy-cell leukemia]. PMID- 6233581 TI - [Pierre Robin syndrome and heart malformations in a newborn infant. The role of disulfiram during pregnancy?]. PMID- 6233582 TI - [Endocarditis and staphylococcal toxic shock with acute kidney failure]. PMID- 6233583 TI - [Combination of angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy and autoimmune atrophic thyroiditis]. PMID- 6233585 TI - [Isolated lymph node histiocytosis X]. PMID- 6233584 TI - [Combination of subacute lupus erythematosus and autoimmune hyperlipidemia]. PMID- 6233586 TI - [Malignant form of mediterranean boutonneuse fever]. PMID- 6233587 TI - [Current treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis]. PMID- 6233588 TI - [Aluminum poisoning in renal dialysis patients: bone histology. Value of quantitative bone biopsy]. AB - Four patients under maintenance dialysis for chronic renal failure were suffering from aluminium toxicity. One showed evidence of encephalopathy, two presented with fractures and one was asymptomatic. Hypercalcaemia was constant, whereas high serum aluminium levels were present in only 2 patients. In all cases, iliac bone biopsy specimens, non-decalcified and stained with Aluminium , were found to contain aluminium deposits along the mineralization fronts, thus confirming the diagnosis of aluminium overload. In addition, biopsies revealed an excess of osteoid tissue with morphological and dynamic signs of osteomalacia (2 cases) or strongly depressed bone formation (2 cases). Histomorphometric bone biopsy appears to be the best mean of diagnosing aluminium intoxication and analyzing its effects on bone remodeling and mineralization. It is also very useful to monitor the treatment. PMID- 6233589 TI - [Glycosylated hemoglobin in pregnant women with glycosuria]. AB - Systematic assays of glycosylated haemoglobin were performed to verify that pregnant women with glycosuria and normal fasting blood glucose and glucose tolerance tests had no disturbances in glycoregulation . Glycosylated haemoglobin levels were measured in 25 glycosuric women on the second (n = 11) or third (n = 14) trimester of pregnancy and compared with those of 81 non-glycosuric women of similar weight and gestational age. On the third trimester, glycosylated haemoglobin levels were significantly higher in glycosuric women of normal weight than in controls (5.85% versus 5.08%; p less than 0.01). They were also significantly higher in obese glycosuric women than in controls of the same weight (6.71% versus 5.3%; p less than 0.001) and exceeded normal limits. These results should encourage better detection (by glucose tolerance test) and better supervision of women with "renal" diabetes. PMID- 6233590 TI - [Conservative surgical treatment of acute pancreatitis. Strategy and technic]. AB - Not all patients with acute pancreatitis can be cured by medical treatment alone; surgery is mandatory when signs of aggravation or complications are present. The authors propose a new strategy involving bilateral subcostal laparotomy, wide approach to the pancreas, evaluation of the lesions and therapeutic decision: either abstention or excision which may be performed according to rules or adapted to each case. The abdominal wall is then closed, often around a pre- and peripancreatic Mikulicz's drain. This method has substantial advantages: the dangers of hasty and inappropriate surgical procedures on ill-defined lesions are avoided, necrotic areas can be removed, drainage is facilitated and possible reoperations are restricted to the supramesocolic cavity. PMID- 6233591 TI - [An analog of gonadoliberin in the treatment of prostatic carcinoma]. AB - Twenty-five patients with prostatic carcinoma were involved in a Gehan's oriented phase II trial of D-Trp6-LH-RH in daily doses of 500 mcg for 7 days and 100 mcg for 3 months, this lapse of time being considered optimal for evaluation of the short-term response to treatment in this disease. Serum levels of LH and testosterone decreased rapidly. After 3 months of treatment, pain had disappeared in 14/21 patients; urinary symptoms had completely regressed in 10/22 patients and partially regressed in 9. A more than 50% reduction in prostatic enlargement was detected by ultrasonography in 7/19 patients, and the overall proportion of regression at scintigraphy was 43%. Prostatic acid phosphatases decreased by more than 50% in 10/15 patients. The results obtained with this LH-RH agonist were equivalent to those of orchidectomy and oestrogen therapy. The new drug was well tolerated. Although some of the patients treated are still responding after more than 15 months of treatment, further studies are required to evaluate the duration of response. PMID- 6233593 TI - [Nonsurgical pulmonary embolectomy using catheterization]. AB - Deoppilation of the pulmonary arteries by catheterization is infrequently used in severe pulmonary embolism. This technique can only be contemplated when conventional measures, such as injection of fibrinolytic agents or surgical removal of the emboli, cannot be applied. The catheter is introduced under local anaesthesia through the femoral vein or the internal jugular vein, and the emboli are aspirated by exerting a strong depression at the tip of the catheter. Satisfactory results can only be expected in cases with very recent (less than 72 hours), totally occlusive and proximal embolism. Three out of the authors' 6 attempts have been successful. PMID- 6233592 TI - [Aorto-enteric fistulas]. AB - Aorto-enteric fistulae are either primary or spontaneous, resulting from aneurysms of the aorta, or secondary to aortic surgery. Four symptoms are common to these two types, but every patient known to have an aortic aneurysm or a history of aortic graft surgery who presents with gastrointestinal bleeding or unexplained infection must be regarded as having an aorto-enteric fistula until proved otherwise. The fistula may be detected by duodenoscopy, but it is most often diagnosed at laparotomy, which is indicated when all paraclinical investigations are negative. While primary aorto-enteric fistulae can be treated by insertion of a prosthesis into the aortic aneurysm, secondary fistulae frequently require " extraanatomical " bypasses. In view of the poor prognosis of secondary aorto-enteric fistulae, prophylactic measures in aortic surgery are of paramount importance. PMID- 6233594 TI - [A new beta-lactamase (carbenicillinase) in Pseudomonas aeruginosa]. PMID- 6233595 TI - [Chronic adenopathies in persons exposed to the risk of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome]. PMID- 6233596 TI - [Acute lithium poisoning. Value of hemodialysis and determination of intraerythrocytic lithium]. PMID- 6233597 TI - [Surgical transplantation of the splenic tissue. Value of scintigraphic exploration with technetium-labeled erythrocytes]. PMID- 6233598 TI - [Diagnostic celiac block. Alternative to surgery in chronic pancreatitis]. PMID- 6233599 TI - [A case of polycythemia in a patient with chronic renal insufficiency treated by continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis]. PMID- 6233600 TI - [Thrombopenia associated with a case of uterine leiomyoma. Recovery after hysterectomy]. PMID- 6233601 TI - [Malnutrition in chronic alcoholics with and without cirrhosis. Relation to immunologic abnormalities]. PMID- 6233602 TI - [Supraventricular tachycardia in a case of infectious mononucleosis]. PMID- 6233603 TI - [Theoretical probability of transluminal angioplasty of coronary vessels in 1984]. PMID- 6233604 TI - [Adjuvant immunotherapy with levamisole in resected and then irradiated epidermoid bronchial cancer. Randomized study]. PMID- 6233605 TI - [Enzymatic stability in vivo of a new cephalosporin active against Pseudomonas aeruginosa: ceftazidime]. PMID- 6233607 TI - Goblin (ankyrin) in striated muscle: identification of the potential membrane receptor for erythroid spectrin in muscle cells. AB - Goblin , a high molecular weight (Mr, 260,000) polypeptide of avian erythrocyte plasma membranes characterized by hormone-dependent phosphorylation, is shown by a variety of criteria to be the avian equivalent of ankyrin, the membrane attachment protein for spectrin; a polyclonal monospecific goblin antiserum reacts specifically with ankyrin from mammalian erythrocyte ghosts; goblin and ankyrin have highly homologous, although distinct, two-dimensional peptide maps; and, in reconstitution experiments, goblin binds to spectrin and band 3 in approximately the same molar ratio as ankyrin. Immunoautoradiography and immunofluorescence with goblin antiserum reveal that a serologically related polypeptide (Mr, 235,000) is present in highly purified membrane fractions of mammalian myocardium and in whole extracts of adult chicken cardiac and skeletal muscle-nonerythroid tissues which express predominantly the erythroid (alpha beta ) spectrin phenotype. Erythroid spectrin and goblin (ankyrin) are codistributed in skeletal muscle at the sarcolemma as discrete foci adjacent to the Z lines and, in pectoral muscle, also at the periphery of the Z discs. These spatial relationships indicate that goblin and spectrin in muscle cells form a structural framework that serves as the attachment site for the myofiber at the level of the Z line on the sarcolemma. PMID- 6233606 TI - DNA methylation pattern is determined by the intracellular level of the methylase. AB - Extrachromosomal plasmid DNA is transiently undermethylated in Escherichia coli during amplification in the presence of chloramphenicol. In addition, undermethylation of phage lambda DNA was observed after thermal induction of a lambda c1857 lysogen while the integrated lambda phage DNA was found to be fully methylated. These methylation pattern changes occur under conditions (extensive replication) in which the intracellular methylase level becomes limiting. In an E. coli strain that harbors a plasmid that carries the dam methylase gene and therefore overproduces dam methylase, there is no undermethylation of dam sites in either of the extrachromosomal DNAs. The sites that are methylated by the mec methylase in both plasmid and lambda phage DNAs were undermethylated in the dam overproducer as well. These results indicate that the intracellular level of the E. coli methylase determines the DNA methylation pattern. PMID- 6233608 TI - Nitroaromatic radiation sensitizers substitute for oxygen in neocarzinostatin induced DNA damage. AB - The ability of neocarzinostatin (NCS) chromophore to damage DNA, as manifested by strand breaks and base release, is markedly decreased under anaerobic conditions but can be restored by nitroaromatic radiation sensitizers, which by themselves have no effect. The effectiveness of these compounds is correlated with their electron affinity as measured by their one-electron reduction potentials and is inversely related to the concentration of thiol used to activate the NCS. Whereas strand breaks with thymidine 5'-aldehyde at the 5' end and released thymine are the main DNA damage products in O2, under anaerobic conditions misonidazole causes a marked increase in the release of thymine and in the formation of breaks with 5'- phosphate ends. In both cases the 3' end of the break carries a phosphate group, and the attack-site specificity of spontaneous and alkali-labile DNA strand breakage and base release are identical. In O2, misonidazole does not affect the extent of DNA damage or alter the distribution of DNA damage products found with NCS alone. The data do not distinguish whether the nitroaromatic compounds function by interacting with NCS-induced nascent damage on the DNA, by being converted by activated NCS into a DNA-damaging species, or by participating in the activation of NCS to a DNA-damaging species. The implications of these results for the treatment of hypoxic tumor cells with the combined use of radiomimetic drugs and radiation sensitizers are discussed. PMID- 6233609 TI - The rnh gene is essential for growth of Escherichia coli. AB - We have determined that a functional gene coding for ribonuclease H seems to be essential for cell growth in Escherichia coli. A strain was made with two copies of the rnh gene by lysogenizing an E. coli strain with a lambda phage bearing a copy of the rnh gene. Inactivation of one of the two copies of the rnh gene was accomplished by transformation with a linear DNA molecule that had the gene for chloramphenicol acetyltransferase inserted near the middle of the rnh gene. In recombinants that had an inactive gene replacing the normal chromosomal rnh gene, the lambda rnh prophage supplies an intact functional copy of the rnh gene. Curing the cells of the lambda rnh prophage left the cell with an inactive rnh gene and resulted in cell death. An intact functional rnh gene provided on a plasmid permits normal curing, and cured survivors were readily obtained. The technique described is probably generally applicable for assessing the requirement for other E. coli genes. PMID- 6233610 TI - Formation of termination-resistant transcription complex at phage lambda nut locus: effects of altered translation and a ribosomal mutation. AB - Transcription antitermination by lambda N gene product is affected in a mutant Escherichia coli with altered ribosomal protein S10, caused by the nusE71 mutation. To study the role of translation in antitermination, we have fused the phage nutR locus, the site of action of N, with the lac regulatory region. We have monitored N action by measuring galactokinase, whose synthesis depends on suppression of terminators located between nutR and the galK cistron. We show that a deletion removing potential ribosome binding signals and AUG codons from the upstream region of nut site does not affect N action. Moreover, the lack of translation upstream of nutR does not overcome the antitermination defect caused by nusE mutation. When the upstream region is translated, however, N action is impaired if translation terminates 19 base pairs upstream of nutR . Termination of translation at further upstream sites, such as 23 or 97 base pairs upstream, does not interfere with N action. Our results suggest that the S10 ribosomal protein is required for N action without involving translation. These results also suggest that the nut site RNA itself plays an important role in the formation of a termination-resistant transcription complex. PMID- 6233611 TI - Inhibition by calmodulin of calcium/phospholipid-dependent protein phosphorylation. AB - Calmodulin was previously found to inhibit the Ca2+/phospholipid-dependent phosphorylation of an endogenous substrate, called the 87-kilodalton protein, in a crude extract prepared from rat brain synaptosomal cytosol. We investigated the mechanism of this inhibition, using Ca2+/phospholipid-dependent protein kinase and the 87-kilodalton protein, both of which had been purified to homogeneity from bovine brain. Rabbit brain calmodulin and some other Ca2+-binding proteins inhibited the phosphorylation of the 87-kilodalton protein by this kinase in the purified system. Calmodulin also inhibited the Ca2+/phospholipid-dependent phosphorylation of H1 histone, synapsin I, and the delta subunit of the acetylcholine receptor, with use of purified components. These results suggest that calmodulin may be a physiological regulator of Ca2+/phospholipid-dependent protein kinase. PMID- 6233612 TI - Partial deglycosylation of chloroplast coupling factor 1 (CF1) prevents the reconstitution of photophosphorylation. AB - Treatment of spinach chloroplast coupling factor 1 (CF1) with a mixture of glycosidases resulted in the removal of approximately 75% of the carbohydrate associated with the enzyme. The ATPase of CF1 was not activated by this treatment nor were its heat-activated or methanol-dependent ATPase activities inhibited. The deglycosylated enzyme, however, was unable to catalyze photophosphorylation when recoupled with CF1-depleted thylakoids. The glycosidase-treated protein competed with native CF1 for specific binding sites on the depleted membranes and was able to reconstitute proton uptake in uncoupled thylakoids. The inhibition of photophosphorylation could not be overcome with added delta subunit. We conclude that deglycosylated CF1 was unaffected in its ability to bind to the membrane sector of the chloroplast proton-pumping ATPase (CF0) but was altered in some property essential for photophosphorylation but not ATPase activity. PMID- 6233613 TI - The [poky] mutant of Neurospora contains a 4-base-pair deletion at the 5' end of the mitochondrial small rRNA. AB - [ poky ] and other group I extranuclear mutants of Neurospora crassa are characterized by gross deficiencies of mitochondrial small ribosomal subunits and small (19S) rRNA. Blot-hybridization and other experiments suggest that the 19S rRNA (2.0 kilobases) is synthesized via precursors that contain 5'-end extensions. The ratio of precursors to mature rRNA is higher in [ poky ] and other group I mutants than in wild type, indicating that the defect involves impaired processing and/or instability of 19S rRNA. [ poky ] and other group I mutants contain a 4-base-pair deletion in the coding sequence for the mitochondrial small rRNA, just downstream from what would normally be the 5' end of the rRNA. This deletion apparently results in synthesis of aberrant 19S rRNAs that are missing 38-45 nucleotides from their 5' ends. We propose that the 4-base pair deletion is the primary defect in [ poky ] and other group I extranuclear mutants. PMID- 6233614 TI - Chronic treatment with rabbit anti-mouse mu-chain antibody alters the characteristic immunoglobulin heavy-chain restriction of murine suppressor T-cell factors. AB - Prolonged treatment of mice, starting at birth, with rabbit anti-mouse mu-chain antibodies resulted in the elimination of immunoglobulin-bearing B cells in these animals. The ability of these animals to elicit antigen-specific delayed-type hypersensitivity or cytotoxic T-cell responses to azobenzenearsonate-coupled spleen cells was not impaired. The effect of anti-mu treatment on the restriction by immunoglobulin heavy-chain genes (Igh) of suppressor T cells was investigated. We found that first-order suppressor T-cell factor ( TsF1 ) obtained from anti-mu treated animals expresses an Igh restriction pattern distinct from that observed with TsF1 from normal untreated mice. Furthermore, TsF1 prepared from anti-mu treated animals did not express the major crossreactive idiotypic determinants normally present in TsF1 . The significance of these findings in relation to the role of immunoglobulin on the T-cell repertoire is discussed. PMID- 6233616 TI - Relationship between the severity of experimental diabetes and altered lung phospholipid metabolism. AB - Glucose intolerance was induced in rats by iv infusion of streptozotocin (STZ) in doses of 30, 40, 50, and 100 mg/kg. Serum glucose concentrations were elevated versus controls and weight gains were reduced in a dose-dependent fashion up to 50 mg/kg. Urine outputs and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) values were higher than control values in the animals treated with 40 and 50 mg/kg and serum albumin concentrations were decreased after infusion with 50 mg STZ/kg. Lung phosphatidylcholine (PC) concentrations and dry-to-wet weight ratios were unchanged by STZ treatment, while lung protein and disaturated phosphatidylcholine (DSPC) concentrations were depressed in the 50-mg/kg group. Animals surviving treatment with 100 mg/kg demonstrated increased fasting blood glucose levels, BUN values, and 48-hr urine outputs, and decreased lung protein levels. However, these alterations were less than those found in the 50-mg/kg animals. Pulmonary concentrations of PC, DSPC, and lung dry-to-wet weight ratios were unchanged. It was found advantageous to express the results relative to fasting blood glucose levels. This demonstrated that urine output and BUN values increased and weight gain decreased with rising glucose concentrations, but serum albumin decreased only in moderate and severe hyperglycemia. Fasting glucose concentrations greater than 400 mg/dl were associated with reduced lung DSPC and protein levels, while pulmonary PC and dry-to-wet weight ratios demonstrated no change with increasing hyperglycemia. PMID- 6233615 TI - Autoimmune diseases of the kidney. PMID- 6233617 TI - DNA sequence of the malP gene and primary structure of E.coli maltodextrin phosphorylase. PMID- 6233618 TI - Selenocysteine beta-lyase: a novel pyridoxal enzyme. PMID- 6233620 TI - [Estimation of the effects of cardenolides. 1. Relation between molecular physical parameters and parameters of action of cardenolides]. AB - Knowing the modell developed by Repke and co-workers for the cardenolide-receptor interaction the aim of this study was to find quantitative relations between molecular physical properties of cardenolides and their molecular-biologically defined effect, which are fundamentally useful to estimate the effect of still nonsynthesized cardenolide derivatives. The statistically significant relations (alpha = 0.05) between molecular physical parameters, which are derived from the dipole moment vector, and the molecular-biologically defined effect was found by means of regression analysis. PMID- 6233619 TI - Reaction and regulation mechanisms of selenocysteine beta-lyase. PMID- 6233621 TI - Antinociceptive effect of centrally administered cimetidine and dimaprit in the rat. AB - Cimetidine, an H2 receptor antagonist, administered into a lateral ventricle of the rat brain caused a significant increase in tail flick latency. Dimaprit, a specific H2 agonist, failed to counteract the analgesic effect of cimetidine. In contrast, it enhanced the effect of cimetidine and per se had marked analgesic activity. The specific opioid antagonist naloxone was without effect. Pretreatment with CaCl2 completely prevented the action of cimetidine. These findings suggest that the analgesic action of cimetidine and dimaprit is not due to specific effects on H2 receptors. PMID- 6233622 TI - A double blind study of imipramine versus zimelidine in treatment of obsessive compulsive neurosis. AB - Six patients suffering from obsessive compulsive neurosis were randomly allocated into two groups of three patients each and commenced on either imipramine, a noradrenaline re-uptake inhibitor, or zimelidine, a serotonin re-uptake inhibitor. After 4 weeks, the group on zimelidine showed significant reduction of obsessional symptoms as compared to the other group. The response was rapid and sustained over a period of two months. PMID- 6233623 TI - Comparison of cardiopulmonary responses of male and female rats to intermittent high altitude hypoxia. AB - Intermittent high altitude hypoxia (8 hours a day, 5 days a week, stepwise up to the altitude of 7000 m, total number of exposures 24) induced in male and female rats, chronic pulmonary hypertension and right ventricular hypertrophy. No significant sex differences were found in both these parameters. A significant sex difference was demonstrated in the resistance of the cardiac muscle to acute anoxia in vitro: the myocardium of control female rats proved to be significantly more resistant to oxygen deficiency. Intermittent altitude hypoxia resulted in significantly enhanced resistance in both sexes, yet the sex difference was maintained. Sex differences were further observed in the growth response of experimental animals to the acclimatization process. Whereas the body weight of male rats exposed to intermittent altitude hypoxia was significantly lower, hypoxic females had body weights comparable to those of control animals. PMID- 6233624 TI - [Case of chorea-acanthocytosis with various psychotic symptoms]. PMID- 6233625 TI - Back pain and the dental student. PMID- 6233626 TI - Long-term metabolism of [U-14C]glucose in the whole rat brain. AB - The experiment was performed on rats to which a single injection of [U 14C]glucose had been administered. Results were observed from the 7th to the 281st day following contamination. At 280 days only the lipids in the brain contained radioactivity, the highest degree of specific activity being found in the cerebrosides. PMID- 6233627 TI - Tumor induction in BALB/c mice after fractionated or protracted exposures to fission-spectrum neutrons. AB - This study has examined the effect of dose rate or fractionation on the carcinogenic effects of fission neutrons with emphasis on the dose range below 50 rad. The induction of lung adenocarcinomas, mammary adenocarcinomas, and ovarian tumors in female BALB/c mice was examined after whole-body neutron irradiation delivered at a high dose rate as a single exposure, or delivered as two equal fractions separated by intervals of 24 hr or 30 days and compared these effects to those after neutron irradiation at low dose rates. The dose responses for ovarian tumorigenesis after the split-dose fractionation regimen were similar to that observed after single high-dose-rate neutron exposure. However, lowering the dose rate reduced the incidence over the dose range of 0-50 rad. For lung and mammary tumors the results were more complex. These data suggest that fractionation and dose-rate effects are different for different tumor types presumably because of the different mechanisms of tumorigenesis that may be involved. PMID- 6233628 TI - Factors associated with the preincubation effect of hypoxic cell sensitizers in vitro and their possible implications in chemosensitization. AB - The enhancement of melphalan toxicity was observed by preincubation of V-79- 379A cells in spinner culture with multiple doses of misonidazole (miso) or SR-2508 under hypoxic conditions. Chemosensitization was shown to be a function of sensitizer concentration and duration of exposure to the alkylating agent. A preincubation exposure of cells with 5 mM miso reduced endogenous cell thiols to less than 5% of controls and enhanced melphalan toxicity by a factor of 4.7. Cells preincubated with miso not only had lower levels of nonprotein thiols, but also were shown to have altered levels of intracellular calcium and a lower threshold to oxidative stress as measured by toxicity to cysteamine or H2O2. Preincubated cells, hypoxic cells, and cells receiving moderate hyperthermia (42.5 degrees C for 3 hr) all showed increased sensitivity to either cysteamine or H2O2. The increased killing of preincubated cells by cysteamine was shown to be similar to that of H2O2, and the dramatic reduction of cysteamine toxicity by catalase indicated H2O2 was the major reaction associated with this effect. These results indicate that preincubated cells exhibit a variety of biological effects that may significantly influence their response to further treatment with drugs or radiation, especially where peroxidative and free radical mechanisms are involved. The depletion of endogenous thiols, calcium disturbance, and vulnerability to oxidative stress are factors to be considered when interpreting mechanisms of combined drug action and effects that may potentially be exploited in terms of therapeutic gains. PMID- 6233629 TI - [Lethal and mutagenic activity of tritiated water and incorporated [3H-methyl] thymidine on extracellular phage lambda]. AB - A study was made of lethal and mutagenic effects on extracellular phage lambda of beta-particles from tritiated water and of [3H-methyl]-thymidine incorporated into DNA. It was shown that the mean lethal dose D10 and the yield of c-mutations per unit of the dose absorbed during external beta-irradiation in 3H2O or during the decay of incorporated [3H-methyl]-thymidine were equivalent to those obtained during 60Co-gamma-irradiation in 4% nutrient broth or at a dried state respectively. PMID- 6233630 TI - [Recovery of the cellular immunity system after sublethal radiation]. AB - Dynamics and recovery of quantitative and qualitative characteristics of lymphoid tissue were studied after sublethal irradiation. The data obtained are indicative of a different dynamics of recovery of cells in central and peripheral lymphoid organs, GFUs and antibody-forming elements. The peculiarities have been revealed in a change of functional capacity of some T-lymphocyte populations. PMID- 6233631 TI - Peripheral arterial disease diagnosed with high-count-rate radionuclide arteriography. AB - Thirty-seven patients with peripheral vascular disease involving the legs were studied with first-pass peripheral radionuclide arteriography (RNA) and contrast arteriography to determine whether RNA could be used to evaluate perfusion of the toes. Data were acquired for 100 seconds using a multicrystal gamma camera following bolus injection of 30-35 mCi (1,110-1,295 MBq) of Tc-99m-labeled albumin during reactive hyperemia. Peripheral time-activity curves were examined and the time required for activity to decline to 75% of peak activity ( T75 ) was recorded. When an abnormal RNA was defined as T75 greater than or equal to 50 seconds, sensitivity was 92%, positive predictive accuracy 100%, and negative predictive accuracy 75%. These data suggest that peripheral RNA of the toes is a reliable, noninvasive procedure for evaluation of peripheral arterial disease; it can be valuable as a screening test prior to contrast arteriography as well as for follow-up. PMID- 6233632 TI - Hepatic arterial perfusion scintigraphy with Tc-99m-MAA. Use of a totally implanted drug delivery system. AB - Tc-99m-MAA hepatic arterial perfusion scintigraphy ( HAPS ) using a totally implanted drug delivery system was employed for hepatic arterial chemotherapy in 147 patients (335 studies). Complete perfusion of the involved liver was seen in 88% of patients initially [more so in those with normal hepatic vascular anatomy (93%) than those with vascular variants (79%)] and remained good on follow-up. In 67 consecutive patients (95 studies), arteriovenous shunting to the lung ranged from 0.4 to 32% (mean, 6.2% +/- 4.1 S.D.). Uptake at the tip of the catheter was increased in 20% of patients, but good perfusion was usually maintained. A significant decrease in hepatic and/or extrahepatic perfusion associated with a "hot spot" at the tip of the catheter indicated hepatic arterial thrombosis. Extrahepatic perfusion was seen in 14% of cases, usually in the distribution of the stomach, small bowel, and spleen. Significant symptoms of drug toxicity were seen in 70% of patients with extrahepatic perfusion, compared to 19% of those without it. PMID- 6233633 TI - A new deflector handle for catheter exchange. AB - The standard deflecting handle and deflecting wire have been modified to permit deflectors to be used as exchange wires. The spherical knobs are removed from the proximal end of the deflecting wire, and simple inserts are attached to the deflector handle. The handle can be used with deflector wires that have various length extensions (J or straight floppy tips) and with guidewires of variable stiffness. PMID- 6233634 TI - Legal case briefs for nurses. OR: R.N.'s depression: Workers' Comp. awarded; MA: bargaining rights: nursing assn. sues. PMID- 6233635 TI - Double blind study comparing the efficacy of zimelidine and amitriptyline in endogenous depression. AB - Thirty-nine (39) patients entered a double blind study conducted to compare the therapeutic efficacy and safety of Zimelidine and amitriptyline in endogenous depression. Following a 3-5 day washout period, patients were randomly allocated to Zimelidine or amitriptyline for 6 weeks period and were assessed regularly. 63% of Zimelidine and 65% of amitriptyline patients showed significant clinical improvement. Side effects recorded with amitriptyline were predominantly anticholinergic and headaches with Zimelidine. It is concluded that while Zimelidine and amitriptyline show equally efficacous antidepressant properties, zimelidine may offer a slight therapeutic advantage due to lack of anticholinergic side-effects. PMID- 6233636 TI - Common mechanism of action of biochemically "specific" antidepressants. AB - NE turnover in depressed patients treated with three drugs which have specifically different primary biochemical effects is compared before and after treatment. Turnover is quantitated as the sum of NE and its major metabolites excreted in the urine using a new mass spectrometric assay. Clorgyline , a MAOI specific for Type A; desipramine, a selective NE uptake inhibitor; and zimelidine, a selective 5HT uptake inhibitor, were used. All three antidepressants, including zimelidine, reduced NE turnover although producing very different effects on the metabolic profile of NE. It remains likely that effects on NE are related to therapeutic effect. PMID- 6233637 TI - Leukotriene D4 increases nasal blood flow in humans. AB - The effect of leukotriene D4 on the nasal mucosal blood flow in humans was measured using a laser doppler flow meter. The leukotriene solution was applied topically to the nasal mucosa in 9 healthy subjects, and changes in blood flow were measured non-traumatically by the laser doppler instrument. The response showed a consistent increase in blood flow. A dose-response was found in the range of 0.063 - 4.0 nanomole. These results confirm an earlier study on the human skin, implicating leukotriene D4 as an important vasodilator in humans. No increase in nasal secretion was noted by the subjects tested. PMID- 6233638 TI - [Clinical behavior of pit and fissure sealants. Results after 36 months]. PMID- 6233639 TI - Alcohol and the liver. Recent developments in preclinical and clinical research. Overview. PMID- 6233640 TI - [The risks of general surgery in heart disease patients]. PMID- 6233641 TI - [Salter's pelvic osteotomy in the treatment of dislocating dysplasia]. PMID- 6233642 TI - [Therapeutic possibilities of lumbar sympathectomy in chronic obstructive arteriopathies of the pelvic limbs]. PMID- 6233643 TI - [Lumbar sympathectomy in patients with thromboangiitis]. PMID- 6233644 TI - [Chronic thyroiditis--therapeutic aspects (experience with 580 operated cases)]. PMID- 6233645 TI - [Retransfusion of ascites fluid in cirrhotic patients, using external peritoneovenous and peritoneopulmonary shunts (personal technic)]. PMID- 6233646 TI - [Gastric resection with gastrojejunostomy with a Roux-en-Y anastomosis on an excluded loop]. PMID- 6233647 TI - [Acquired antropyloric hypertrophic stenosis in adults]. PMID- 6233648 TI - [Cystic pneumatosis of the small intestine]. PMID- 6233649 TI - [Continuous femoral nerve anesthesia in knee surgery]. PMID- 6233651 TI - [Complicated colo-rectal cancer]. PMID- 6233650 TI - [A case of malignant hyperthermia]. PMID- 6233652 TI - [276 cases of colorectal cancer]. PMID- 6233653 TI - [Chest wall tumors. Considerations on 158 operated cases]. PMID- 6233655 TI - [Variants of the main bile duct in the hepatic pedicle; surgical implications]. PMID- 6233656 TI - [Mesoplication by suture of the mesenteric folds]. PMID- 6233654 TI - [Primary benign stenosis of the supraduodenal hepatocholedochus]. PMID- 6233657 TI - [Treatment of severe arterial hypertension by chemical sclerosis of the adrenal medulla, using intra-arterial catheterization. Experimental studies]. PMID- 6233658 TI - [Air ventilation in general anesthesia]. PMID- 6233659 TI - [Is reconstruction of the acetabulum possible in old fracture-dislocations]. PMID- 6233660 TI - [Gastrostomy and jejunostomy in the treatment of inflammatory anastomotic occlusions after Reichel-Polya gastric resection]. PMID- 6233662 TI - [Congenital glaucoma]. PMID- 6233661 TI - [Evolutive and therapeutic features of congenital scoliosis]. PMID- 6233663 TI - [Immunocirculating complexes, parameters in the follow-up of ocular diseases with an autoimmune component]. PMID- 6233664 TI - [Prognosis of simple chronic glaucoma with a tubular field]. PMID- 6233665 TI - [Hormonal disorders in the climacteric period as a risk factor in the appearance of vitreous and retinal hemorrhages]. PMID- 6233666 TI - [Possibilities of maintaining ocular hemostasis in working conditions at high temperatures]. PMID- 6233667 TI - [Immunochemical aspects of human aqueous humor in the first 30 hours after death]. PMID- 6233668 TI - [Our experience in the out-patient treatment of glaucoma]. PMID- 6233669 TI - [Concordance-discordance among the clinical aspect, electroretinographic aspect and surgical results in retinal detachment]. PMID- 6233670 TI - [Therapy used in allergic diseases of the anterior ocular pole]. PMID- 6233671 TI - [Cybernetics, computer science and ophthalmology]. PMID- 6233672 TI - [Retention in flexion of supracondylar fracture of the humerus in children. Comments apropos of the treatment of 120 displaced fractures]. AB - The authors analyse the results obtained in 120 cases of supracondylar fracture of the humerus in children by reduction under general anaesthesia followed by fixation of the elbow in flexion, the wrist being placed close to the neck. The biomechanical basis of this technique is reviewed. It is essential that the posterior periosteum should be intact. Technical details are given together with indications. Seventy out of 120 fractures were reviewed after 2 years. There were 82 p. 100 of good results in grade II fractures. Six out of 24 grade IV fractures showed secondary displacement. PMID- 6233673 TI - [Benign osteoblastoma in children. Apropos of 8 cases, 4 with spinal localization]. AB - In a 20 year period the authors have seen 8 cases of osteoblastoma in patients less than 15 years old. Four were in the spine, three in the hand and one in the tibia. Three of the four limb osteoblastomas were lost to follow up after curettage, one of them after a recurrence. The fourth one was cured after 9 years. None of the spine lesions recurred after a follow up of from two to 14 years but two of them had a rigid kyphosis. It is concluded that osteoblastoma is normally benign in children. The pathological diagnosis may be difficult. In one the initial diagnosis had been of osteosarcoma. The treatment is based on complete excision. In the spine, it should be accompanied by arthrodesis. PMID- 6233674 TI - [84 fractures of the lower end of the tibia in adults. Attempt at a classification]. AB - Eighty-four articular fractures of the lower end of the tibia were reviewed. One third were compound and three out of four were comminuted. Seventy-three cases were treated by internal fixation. The results were satisfactory in about half of the cases. In eight severe sepsis was found and had to be treated by arthrodesis. In 80 cases reviewed, a satisfactory reduction was obtained in only 52 cases. A classification into three types is proposed. PMID- 6233675 TI - [Injuries to abdominal vessels after surgery of disk herniation]. AB - Four cases of major vascular injury after disc surgery have been treated by the authors. In two instances the symptoms were those of an intra peritoneal haemorrhage after injury to the aorta or to the common iliac artery. These two cases were treated by resection-anastomosis of the vessel. In the two other cases, a fistula developed between the common iliac artery and the inferior vena cava or between the common iliac artery and the common iliac vein. Both lesions were also repaired two days and 10 days after disc surgery. A review of the literature has shown that these lesions are more frequent after surgery at L4-L5 level than at L5-S1 level. They are more frequent after repeated operation. They should be looked for when a fall in blood pressure is noted at the end of the surgical procedure. The published mortality is about 80 p. 100 in vessel division and 10 p. 100 after arterio venus fistula. The earlier the diagnosis is made, the higher is the proportion of healing. PMID- 6233676 TI - [Isthmic spondylolisthesis with spontaneous development in adults. Apropos of 8 cases]. AB - Eight cases of progressive deterioration in spondylolisthesis in adults have been observed. In 7 cases, the displacement was between the 4th and 5th lumbar vertebra and only once between the 5th lumbar vertebra and the sacrum. The mean age of the patients was 37 years. Several factors leading to this deterioration are considered - disc degeneration, antero-posterior imbalance of the spine and inadequate fixation of the 4th lumbar vertebra to the ilium. PMID- 6233677 TI - [The internal plantar island flap. Anatomic study and surgical applications]. AB - Defects of the skin of the heel need to be repaired by skin which is both thick and sensitive. A technique of isolation of an island flap from the non-weight bearing part of the medial side of the sole is described. It is vascularised by the medial plantar artery and innervated by the medial plantar nerve. Lesions of the heel, the medial malleolus and the lower part of the tendo Achilles can be covered by a one-stage surgical procedure without microsurgical suture. PMID- 6233678 TI - [Central or intercondylar luxation of the patella. Apropos of a case]. AB - A case of central (intercondylar) dislocation of the patella is reported. The displacement could be reduced easily. At surgery, the quadriceps tendon was found to be intact. PMID- 6233679 TI - [Giant cell tumor of the distal extremity of the femur with intra-articular fracture of the knee. 2 cases treated by excochleation and filling with cement]. PMID- 6233680 TI - [Osteomyelography and pseudarthrosis of the leg]. AB - The authors have performed osteomedullography in 25 cases of tibial non-union. They conclude that a complete block at the fracture level is in favour of an established non-union. This technique can make it possible to differentiate between delayed bone union and non-union. It cannot be used in cases treated by intramedullary nailing. PMID- 6233682 TI - [Erythrodermic mycosis fungoides with early lymph node involvement. Report of a case and discussion of its immunologic basis]. PMID- 6233681 TI - [Correction of scoliosis using plates. Results of 99 cases seen at a later time]. AB - The authors have reviewed 99 scolioses with an average follow up of 4.5 years which had been corrected by plating. The complications were not infrequent, but were rarely severe. The best early mechanical results were obtained in low curves when the plating was sufficiently extensive. After one year follow up some secondary displacements of the device were seen, mainly in the thoracic region. The long term results were satisfactory both in terms of the angulation and the cosmetic and functional result, except in high thoracic curves. The causes of failure were analysed. It is concluded that this type of operation is worthwhile in idiopathic reducible low curves without rigid secondary curves. It may be applied to paralytic curves provided there is not severe lordosis. PMID- 6233683 TI - [Non-invasive methods of study of the cardiopathy of Cooley's disease]. PMID- 6233684 TI - [Response to epinephrine in myocardial hypertrophy]. PMID- 6233685 TI - [Therapeutic approach in acne]. PMID- 6233686 TI - Don't let it happen to you--precautions against hepatitis B and other infectious diseases. PMID- 6233688 TI - [Psychomotor and speech therapy rehabilitation of children with handicaps]. PMID- 6233687 TI - An overview of recent treatments of nasal allergy. PMID- 6233689 TI - [Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty: an alternative to surgery?]. PMID- 6233690 TI - [Study of plasma androgens in women with autoimmune diseases]. AB - The exact significance of a reported androgen deficiency in women with lupus has not yet been determined. The authors decided to study plasma androgen concentrations not only in lupus, but also in other auto-immune diseases as well as non-auto -immune diseases. 43 patients (rheumatoid arthritis (RA): 10; systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE): 11; multiple sclerosis (MS): 11; patients without auto-immune disease: 11) were compared to 13 normal women. The age and the hormone concentrations of these different groups were compared by analysis of variance and by the Kruskal-Wallis test. A statistically significant reduction in androgen levels was only detected in the women with lupus. It therefore appears that the androgen deficiency is not a non-specific consequence of any disease, that it does not represent a predisposing factor for auto-immune disease in general, but that it is specific for lupus. PMID- 6233691 TI - Pattern of serum beta-hexosaminidase in liver cirrhosis. AB - The activity of the primarily lysosomal hydrolase, beta-hexosaminidase (EC 3.2.1.30), was studied in serum from 53 patients with bleeding esophageal varices, portal hypertension, and liver cirrhosis (31 alcoholic, 13 cryptogenic, and 9 primary biliary). The serum enzyme activity was determined on 89 occasions and was increased in 93%. There was no difference in the distribution between the three patient groups, but in patients who underwent portal-systemic shunt surgery there was a significant increase after 9-12 months. Serum beta-hexosaminidase activity correlated significantly with other biochemical tests known to be influenced by portal-systemic shunting. It is concluded that determination of this enzyme might become a useful liver test, since it sensitively detects liver disease and also might be specific, since besides liver disease only pregnancy and lysosomal disorders are known to show considerable elevations in serum activity. PMID- 6233692 TI - Bacteria and gastrointestinal secretion and motility. AB - The composition of the flora of the large bowel is extremely complex, as are the combination of factors involved in its control. As would be expected, although the host affects the gut flora, equally the gut flora affects the host. One of the results of this interplay is that subtle changes can lead to a marked effect on the host resulting in disease. It is now well established that bacteria can alter both secretion and motility of the gastrointestinal tract. However the effect on both of these functions has been best studied in the small bowel, this being especially true for studies on motility. In order to appreciate fully the complexity of the situation and to understand the activities of the flora that can modify gut function a brief overview of the flora of the gastrointestinal tract in health and disease and the factors involved in its regulation will be given. This will be followed by a general description of the effects of this flora on the gut, and a specific account of how large bowel motility and secretion can be altered. PMID- 6233693 TI - Bone marrow failure in dyskeratosis congenita. AB - We report a case of dyskeratosis congenita ( DCG ) with neutropenia, lymphocytopenia and thrombocytopenia. Peripheral blood T lymphocytes (T cells) were proved to have a suppressive effect on the colony forming unit granulocyte macrophage (CFU-GM). Splenectomy caused a transient increase of neutrophil count with the disappearance of the suppressive T cell activity. However, pancytopenia recurred without re-appearance of suppressive T cell activity. PMID- 6233694 TI - Transplantation of cultured thymic fragments: results in nude mice. V. Reconstitution with xenogeneic (rat) thymic tissue. AB - Transplantation of F344 rat cultured thymic fragments was able to restore immune function to nude mice. Approximately half of such animals displayed increased lifespan (7-8 months). These mice were also capable of rejecting allogeneic mouse skin and rat skin from a strain (Buffalo) unrelated to the thymus donor; however, they were incapable of rejecting rat skin from the thymus donor strain. Proliferative responses to T-cell mitogens were restored. Proliferative responses to alloantigens and xenoantigens in mixed leucocyte cultures were also restored and showed the same patterns of specific reactivity and non-reactivity as in skin graft rejection. The ability to make antibody responses to specific antigens was also restored, but the responsiveness was more variable than for cell-mediated responses. Some mice were able to make antibody to rabbit serum proteins; however, fewer mice made antibody to ovalbumin. The inability to respond to ovalbumin may be due to the fact that F344 rats are low responders to this protein. These results suggest that cultured xenogeneic thymus is effective in restoring two major differentiation functions of the normal thymus gland: development of specific antigen responsiveness and non-responsiveness. PMID- 6233695 TI - Plaque-forming cells in man. III. Generation of plaque-forming cells in allogeneic in vitro cultures of HLA-D/DR-incompatible B and T lymphocytes. AB - We have investigated the ability of allogeneic, irradiated T lymphocytes to induce proliferation and immunoglobulin (Ig) secretion in untreated peripheral blood B lymphocytes. Non-mitogen-activated co-cultures of isolated T and B lymphocytes from selected, full-house HLA-A,B and D/DR antigen-phenotyped donors were reconstituted in a ratio of 4:1. Proliferation was assessed on day 5-6 of culture by the 3H-thymidine incorporation technique, and the Ig secretion was monitored on day 6 with a protein A plaque-forming cell (PFC) assay. B lymphocytes were able to differentiate into PFC, and the number of plaques was significantly higher in cultures of cells with two HLA-D/DR antigen incompatibilities than in those sharing one antigen. In cultures of peripheral blood lymphocytes with no HLA-D/DR antigen difference, only a few PFC developed. HLA-A and B antigens had no influence on the response. Further, monocytes were not an absolute requirement for allogeneic activation of B cells. Sonicated T cells and culture supernatants from allogeneic T- and B-cells cultures were not able to induce PFC formation in B lymphocytes. Our results indicate that the PFC response obtained in non-mitogen-activated cultures of allogeneic T and B lymphocytes is dependent on HLA-D/DR disparity or on genes encoded in the HLA D/DR region. PMID- 6233696 TI - Numerical and functional alterations of lymphocytes in human schistosomiasis. AB - Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 29 Sudanese children heavily infected with Schistosoma haematobium and S. mansoni were examined for lymphocyte subpopulations, for mitogen responsiveness in the absence and presence of interleukin-2 (IL-2), and for natural killer (NK) cell activity. The nutritional status was assessed by anthropometric and biochemical measurements. In comparison with a group of healthy Caucasian individuals the children with schistosomiasis showed a profound alteration of their cellular immune variables, reflecting a severe acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. The T-cell compartment, in particular the OKT4+ helper/inducer subset, was numerically reduced at the expense of an increased B-cell compartment. The patients' OKT4/OKT8 ratios were significantly diminished (median, 1.2; 95% confidence limits, 0.8-1.7) corresponding to a decreased responsiveness to the T-cell mitogen concanavalin A. Since addition of exogeneous IL-2 significantly enhanced the patients' lymphocyte proliferation in response to Con A, a defective IL-2 production was assumed to be at the origin of the impaired mitogenic response in chronic schistosomiasis. With regard to NK cell activity, most patients' lymphocytes failed to mediate significant cytotoxicity against the K562 target cell line, although normal percentages of cells with the NK phenotype (HNK-1+) were present. The results are discussed in view of immunological alterations seen in other parasitic infections with a heavy parasitic load. PMID- 6233697 TI - Colony formation by subpopulations of human T lymphocytes. V. Helper and suppressor activity of cloned human T-cell lines. AB - Twelve human T-cell lines were derived from cultures stimulated with phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) or with the recall antigen purified protein derivative (PPD), using the one-step agar colony method, followed by further expansion of individual T-cell colonies for at least 50 days. As judged by monoclonal antibodies, two of the PHA-derived T-cell lines carried the helper-inducer (H-I) phenotype and two the suppressor-cytotoxic (S-C) phenotype. Four PPD-derived cell lines displayed the H-I phenotype, and three of these proliferated specifically when challenged with the recall antigen, whereas the fourth did not. Four PPD induced T-cell lines carried the S-C phenotype, and only one of these was antigen specific. All cell lines with H-I phenotype displayed helper cell activity as determined by Ig secretion of B lymphocytes stimulated with a T-cell-dependent polyclonal B-cell activator. Cell lines with the S-C phenotype had no such helper activity and suppressed Ig responses in the presence of freshly isolated T cells. Thus, a good correlation between phenotypic markers and functions was found. T helper cells and T suppressor cells can be differentiated by means of both polyclonal and antigenic stimuli. PMID- 6233698 TI - [Therapy of peripheral arterial occlusive diseases. Round table conference]. PMID- 6233699 TI - Lyme disease--a review of the literature. AB - It appears that a tick introduces an agent--presumably a spirochete--into the skin (see Fig. 1). Immune complexes form and become systemic during the rash. Some patients (identified by the presence of cryoglobulins containing IgM, Clq reactive material, and depressed IgG and IgA levels) then alter their immune response and may develop neurologic, cardiovascular, or joint involvement. Despite systemic clearing in some patients, the immune complexes localize to the joints where a chronic synovitis develops, similar to rheumatoid arthritis. Why the immune complexes localize to the joints is an enigma. It is tempting to postulate that this localization occurs because of an altered immune response in a genetically predisposed group. However, three of 10 patients with chronic arthritis did not have the B-cell alloantigen DRw2. PMID- 6233700 TI - Radionuclide-labeled red blood cells: current status and future prospects. AB - Radiolabeling of red cells and their clinical and research application in nuclear medicine constitute an area of continued interest and steady growth during the past two decades. Significant advances have been made so that at the present time, radiolabels with sufficient in vitro and in vivo stability are available for diverse applications. Technetium-99m-labeled red cells in particular have revolutionized the field of cardiovascular nuclear medicine by making possible the external evaluation of various heart parameters with minimum radiation dose or trauma to the patient. Among other areas of study that use 99mTc -RBC are blood pool imaging, detection of vascular malformations, red cell mass determination, detection of gastrointestinal bleeding, and of hemangiomas. Heat damaged 99mTc -RBC find application in spleen imaging, accessory spleen localization, detection of GI bleeding, and in other areas. A critical evaluation is presented of the various in vitro and in vivo labeling techniques that are currently available for red cell labeling. Even though the presently used procedures provide satisfactory labeled preparations, ideal radioisotopic RBC labels remain to be developed. Intermediate (2-3 days) as well as long-lived (approximately 30 days) radionuclidic labels are highly desirable for a number of clinical procedures where 99mTc is not useful due to its short half-life. A clearer understanding of the mechanistic aspects of various labeling reactions is expected to aid in the design of better and improved RBC labels that will help fulfill various areas of need in nuclear medicine applications. New approaches such as the use of radiolabeled antibodies to red cell antigens, or labeling specific receptor sites in the cell may lead to substantial improvements in the labeling methodology and could yield labeled cells with the least damage and maximum in vivo stability. PMID- 6233701 TI - [Oligosaccharides produced by Streptococcus mutans glucosyltransferase from sucrose with isomaltulose]. PMID- 6233702 TI - Management of abdominal wall clostridial myonecrosis: the role of total gastrointestinal diversion. AB - We report the successful management of two patients with abdominal wall gas gangrene and emphasize the principles of proximal gastrointestinal diversion and the initial use of 100% fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2). Each patient lacked an abdominal wall and intractable fistulas developed. Complete diversion of their gastrointestinal tracts at a proximal level facilitated closure of the fistulas and prevented possible peritoneal contamination. One patient's arterial oxygen pressure was maintained in the 200 to 300 range for two days after admission. This level has been shown to be adequate to stop clostridial alpha toxin production. PMID- 6233703 TI - The umbilical cord: care, anomalies, and diseases. AB - The umbilical cord is the lifeline of the fetus and of the neonate in the first few minutes after birth. Care of the cord and stump in the immediate neonatal period varies according to social, cultural, economic, and geographic factors. Measures taken to insure sterility in cutting, tying, and painting the umbilical cord may prevent serious diseases such as tetanus neonatorum. Care of the umbilical cord may be less than optimal in babies born at home in unsupervised "home delivery." Minor congenital anomalies of the umbilical cord, such as umbilical hernia, and major anomalies, such as gastroschisis and omphalocele, are reviewed in this article. Survival in babies with major anomalies of the cord has been improving steadily because of early diagnosis (including prenatal diagnosis), better operative procedures, and better understanding of the fluid and nutritional requirements of the neonate postoperatively. Diseases of the cord include omphalitis and, rarely, tumors. PMID- 6233704 TI - [Prevention and decrease in chronic stomach diseases]. PMID- 6233705 TI - [Organization of field medical care for the rural population]. PMID- 6233706 TI - [Medical support for children with nephropathies]. PMID- 6233707 TI - [Work of the Leningrad City Dispensary Department of Occupational Radiation Pathology]. PMID- 6233708 TI - [Progressive role of the physician and revolutionary P. P. Tutyshkin in the development of scientific thought in Moldavia]. PMID- 6233709 TI - Physical measurements as risk indicators for low-back trouble over a one-year period. AB - Of all 30-, 40-, 50-, and 60-year-old inhabitants of Glostrup, a suburb of Copenhagen, 82% (449 men and 479 women) participated in a general health survey, which included a thorough physical examination relating to the lower back. The examination was constituted of anthropometric measurements, flexibility/elasticity measurements of the back and hamstrings, as well as tests for trunk muscle strength and endurance. The reproducibility of the tests was found to be satisfactory. Twelve months after the physical examination 99% of the participants completed a questionnaire sent by mail concerning low back trouble (LBT) in the intervening period. The prognostic value of the physical measurements was evaluated for first-time experience and for recurrence or persistence of LBT by analyses of the separate measurements and discriminant analyses. The main findings were that good isometric endurance of the back muscles may prevent first-time occurrence of LBT in men and that men with hypermobile backs are more liable to contract LBT. Recurrence or persistence of LBT was correlated primarily to the interval since last LBT-episode: the more LBT, the shorter the intervals had been. Weak trunk muscles and reduced flexibility/elasticity of the back and hamstrings were found as residual signs, in particular, among those with recurrence or persistence of LBT in the follow-up year. PMID- 6233710 TI - Stress analysis of the lumbar disc-body unit in compression. A three-dimensional nonlinear finite element study. AB - It has been argued that a clarification of the mechanical causes of low-back pain requires a knowledge of the states of stress and strain throughout the lumbo sacral spine. Since a purely experimental approach cannot provide this information, analytical model studies, to supplement measurements, are called for. In the present study, a general three-dimensional finite element program has been developed and applied for the analysis of the lumbar L2-3 disc-body unit. The analysis accounts for both the material and the geometric nonlinearities and is based on a representation of the annulus as a composite of collagenous fibers embedded in a matrix of ground substance. The geometry of the model analyzed is based on in vitro measurements. The validity of the model and the analysis procedure has been established by a comparison of those predictions that are also amenable to direct measurements, eg, the response of the disc-body unit to compressive load in terms of axial displacement, disc bulge, end-plate bulge, and intradiscal pressure. The states of stress and strain have then been computed in the cancellous bone, cortical shell, and the subchondral endplate of the intervertebral body and in the annulus fibers and ground substance of the disc when the unit is subjected to a compressive load. The results indicate that for a normal disc with an incompressible nucleus, the most vulnerable elements under compressive load are the cancellous bone and the end-plate adjacent to the nucleus space. On the other hand, for a degenerated disc, simulated in an extreme fashion by assuming it to be void of the nucleus, the analysis predicts the annulus bulk material to be also susceptible to failure. The annulus fibers do not appear to be vulnerable to rupture when the disc-body unit is subjected to pure compressive force. PMID- 6233711 TI - Isokinetic evaluation of trunk muscles. AB - The purpose of this study is to identify those individuals at risk who have weak trunk muscles and are prone to back pain. The overall thrust of this research is to develop a quantitative method to assess dynamic strength of the trunk muscles. Two unique isokinetic strength testing units in sitting and standing postures have been designed. Three groups of volunteers were tested at different times and places. Quantitative measurements of the maximum strength, fatigue behavior of the abdominal and paraspinal muscles, maximum strength in different age groups and the role of the iliopsoas muscle have been performed. The study shows that women have lower maximum strength but equal or better fatigue endurance than men. There is a significant change in maximum strength with age. The maximum abdominal strength change with age showed a bimodal distribution. The iliopsoas muscle approximately doubled the maximum back strength in flexion. The test in the sitting posture was tolerated better than the test in the standing posture. Isokinetic back strength testing in the sitting posture was found to be effective and safe. PMID- 6233712 TI - Industrial low-back pain. A prospective evaluation of a standardized diagnostic and treatment protocol. AB - This investigation applied a diagnostic and treatment protocol to two groups of industrial workers: 5,300 employees at Potomac Electric Power Company ( PEPCO ) for two years and 14,000 United States Postal Service workers for one year. An "active" system in which patients were evaluated weekly was implemented at the power company, and a "passive" system in which patients were seen only once was instituted at the U.S. Postal Service. The physicians were unbiased , in that they could not take part in the patients' ongoing care. The results in both groups demonstrated significant and continuous reductions in number of incidents, in days lost from work, in low-back surgery, and in financial costs. The number of low-back pain patients at PEPCO decreased 29% the first year and 44% the second; days lost from work decreased 51% the first year and 89% the second; low back surgery dropped 88% the first year and 76% the second year. Results for the U.S. Postal Service demonstrated a decrease in the number of low-back pain patients (41%), in days lost from work (60%), and in financial costs (55%). These results, along with our observations about the study, led us to the following conclusions: (1) Good medicine leads to cost savings in treating industrial low back pain. (2) Use of a standardized medical approach and nomenclature is necessary and practical, for consistent care. (3) A good record keeping system is essential to perform useful medical analyses for identifying scientific problems. (4) Unbiased medical surveillance leads to changes in behavior of both treating physicians and patients. (5) The outcome for most low-back pain patients in industry is not as grim as previously perceived if their medical management is approached in an organized manner. PMID- 6233713 TI - Assessment of severity in low-back disorders. AB - Physical impairment and disability are defined, simple clinical methods of assessing them in low-back disorders are described, and the relationship between them analyzed. PMID- 6233714 TI - Chronic low-back pain, psychologic distress, and illness behavior. AB - The authors have calculated the mathematic relationship between measured elements of illness behavior in chronic low-back pain. Objective physical impairment accounts for about one-half the total disability that also is affected by psychologic reactions. The most important psychologic disturbance in low-back pain is emotional distress, measured on questionnaires as increased bodily awareness and depression and presenting clinically as inappropriate descriptions of symptoms and inappropriate responses to physical examination. Simple methods for the assessment of distress and illness behavior in chronic low-back pain are developed and described. PMID- 6233715 TI - Reproducibility of the history of low-back trouble. AB - The reproducibility of auto-anamnestic information concerning low back trouble (LBT) was analyzed in 6 and 12 months' follow-up studies of a general population of 30-, 40-, 50-, and 60-year-old men and women and of a population of male hospital porters 20-68 years old. At an interval of about 6 months, the question of ever having had LBT was answered by yes/no in a ratio of approximately 2:1, and 84% answered consistently on the two occasions. Affirmative or negative answers concerning previous lumbar spine x-ray examination were contradicted at 1 year's interval by 11%. After 6 months, two-fifths of the subjects reproduced their statement of age at onset of LBT +/- 1 year. The cumulative incidence curves of LBT estimated by age at onset varied systematically between the 30 years old and the 60 years old, suggesting forgetful behavior. The annual risk of first time experience of LBT was seemingly about fourfold higher during the follow-up year than during the 7 preceding years. This feature also can be explained by forgetfulness. The caution with which data obtained by means of subjective statements should be handled is stressed, together with the significant influence that different methods of data collection tend to have on the results. PMID- 6233716 TI - Quantitative assessment of back strength using isokinetic testing. AB - The overall objective of this research is to relate disorders of the lumbar spine to the mechanics of the system. An isokinetic-isometric testing procedure was designed, and groups of normal subjects and patients with back pain were tested. The procedure allows sensitive detection of muscle weakness specific to some part of the range of motion or some functional contraction speed. A biomechanical analysis was performed on several parameters of back strength assessment to develop performance indexes that can be used in establishing screening modalities. Maximum torque and trunk angles are different in normal and patient populations. PMID- 6233718 TI - A randomized trial of manipulation for low-back pain in a medical setting. AB - The authors carried out a single-blind, randomized controlled clinical trial of rotational manipulation for low-back pain of recent onset in 81 adults. Control treatments were minimal massage and low-level electrostimulation. Initial status and outcome were measured on scales quantifying symptoms, activities of daily life, mobility, tenderness to palpation, aggravation of pain by coughing or sneezing, limitation of motion on testing, and forward flexion. Both treated and control patients improved rapidly in the 2-3-week observation period. On retest there was no statistically significant difference between the improvement scores of the treated or control groups on any of the scales. PMID- 6233717 TI - A comparative analysis of x-ray findings of the lumbar spine in patients with and without lumbar pain. AB - Roentgenograms of the lumbar spine from 238 patients with lower back pain (LBP) with sciatica were compared with roentgenograms from 66 patients without LBP. No difference between the two groups could be demonstrated concerning the incidence of spondylosis and disc degeneration. Cases with wedge-shaped vertebral bodies are significantly more frequent in patients younger than 40 years old in the group having pain. The incidence of spondylosis and disc degeneration increase with increasing age. PMID- 6233719 TI - Predicting patients' perceptions of response to treatment for low-back pain. AB - An effort has been made to identify variables associated with favorable responses to treatment for low back pain. Using a series of 10 subjective measures, it was found that a rating given by the treating physician at the initial patient physician contact correlated best with the patient's perception of response to treatment. Subscales from the MMPI and a pain drawing also correlated significantly with the patient's self report. Finally, it was noted that a multiple regression approach incorporating eight variables accounted for a significantly greater portion of the variance in treatment outcome than any single predictor. PMID- 6233720 TI - Evaluation of an advanced back pain rehabilitation program. AB - The "Back-Pain Institute" at Sundsvall offers an advanced rehabilitation program to people with long-standing back pain. This program has been evaluated in a controlled prospective study. Data were gathered from questionnaires mailed on three occasions, from the sick insurance office and from the bureau of employment. The effects of the Institute's course on the vocational situation were small. The only significant difference between the experimental group and the control group was in the level of income. Significantly more persons in the experimental group had begun to train their back and significantly more individuals in the experimental group believed that by using the correct working technique they could prevent back pain. No significant changes were found with regard to the subjective feeling of pain. PMID- 6233721 TI - Spontaneous spinal subdural hematoma. A case report. PMID- 6233722 TI - The age-old back problem. New fad, same fallacies. PMID- 6233723 TI - Coping with chronic illness. Part I. Locomotor disability. AB - A survey was undertaken to investigate the ability of 104 subjects with locomotor disability to cope in their homes. Factors which might affect coping, such as age, race, sex and type of disease, were assessed. Note was taken of support received from community-based organizations, ability to work and source of income. The majority of the subjects appeared to be isolated from health personnel after discharge from hospital and to be restricted to their homes. The deficits in the local health services which contributed to this situation are stressed. PMID- 6233724 TI - Hysterosalpingography in the assessment of infertility in black patients. AB - A series of 200 consecutive hysterosalpingograms for the evaluation of infertility in Black women attending a clinic at the Hillbrow Hospital, Johannesburg, is reviewed. A fallopian tube abnormality was found in 81,8% of cases, terminal hydrosalpinx being present in 64,4%. A uterine abnormality was present in 25% of cases. In comparison with other series it appears that our incidence of tubal lesions, especially terminal hydrosalpinx, is the highest yet reported. A high correlation with laparoscopic findings (75%) is documented. In our infertility clinic hysterosalpingography is one of the most valuable tools in the initial evaluation of the infertile couple. PMID- 6233725 TI - Treatment of deinstitutionalized and chronically ill patients in a clinical setting: a case report. PMID- 6233726 TI - An oral care protocol for leukemic patients with chemotherapy-induced oral complications. PMID- 6233728 TI - The resolution of oral health care for the institutionalized geriatric patient. PMID- 6233727 TI - Anesthetic considerations in the dental care of the patient with physical and emotional handicaps. PMID- 6233729 TI - Dental management of a child with severe myasthenia gravis. PMID- 6233730 TI - Opportunities and responsibilities in the use of arterial grafts. PMID- 6233731 TI - An approach to groin hernia. AB - Fascia and aponeuroses are dynamic, metabolically active structures characterized by an ongoing balance of collagen synthesis and enzymatic lysis. Basic concepts concerning the pathogenesis and repair of groin hernias revolve about this essential point. PMID- 6233732 TI - The Marcy repair revisited. AB - Failure to close the internal ring in transversalis fascia is the primary cause of recurrent indirect inguinal hernia. Removal of the cremaster muscle provides optimal exposure for accurate identification and fascial closure of the ring. PMID- 6233734 TI - Scrotal reconstruction for giant inguinal hernias. AB - Giant inguinal hernias require special consideration for repair of the abdominal wall. The associated greatly thickened, enlarged scrotum should be discarded and a neoscrotum should be reconstructed from the uninvolved perineal-scrotal skin. A cloverleaf design flap is used for this reconstruction. PMID- 6233733 TI - The use of Dacron in the repair of hernias of the groin. AB - Two French surgical teams particularly interested in hernia problems detail the use of Dacron (Mersilene) mesh in the treatment of groin hernias for the reinforcement or the replacement of the fascia transversalis , as by an artificial endoabdominal fascia. The article reports the experiences and techniques of the two teams, which have used Dacron for 20 years, either by the inguinal or the preperitoneal abdominal approach. The good results reported allow the statement that, without ruling out classic techniques for simpler cases, surgical repair using prostheses offers an excellent opportunity for use and for preventing the recurrence of hernias. PMID- 6233735 TI - Aponeurotic hernias. Recent observations upon paraumbilical and epigastric hernias. AB - The mechanism of herniation through the anterior abdominal wall aponeuroses remains inadequately explained. Recently, when the structural significance of the anterior abdominal wall aponeuroses was recognized, some light was shed. The etiology and surgical repair of aponeurotic hernial defects were restudied on a structural-functional biomechanical basis. PMID- 6233736 TI - Approaches to repair of ventral hernia and full-thickness losses of the abdominal wall. AB - This article describes the causes, course, and treatment options for surgical repair of umbilical epigastric and incisional hernias. Special attention is paid to the full-thickness abdominal wall defects, which are particularly difficult wounds to close. A method of closure with Marlex mesh, followed by myocutaneous flap coverage, is discussed. PMID- 6233737 TI - Spigelian hernia. AB - This article reviews the literature on Spigelian hernia and discusses the anatomy, definitions, etiology, clinical diagnosis, and treatment. Ultrasonic scanning and computed tomography have been successful in improving diagnosis. In cases of palpable Spigelian hernia, a gridiron incision is recommended; in non palpable hernia, a vertical incision and preperitoneal dissection offers several advantages. PMID- 6233738 TI - Ambulatory peritoneal dialysis and hernial complications. AB - This article reviews the incidence of abdominal wall hernias in patients treated by ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. The authors draw attention to the need for a heightened awareness of this common complication, the atypical clinical presentation in some cases, and the need for prompt surgical intervention. PMID- 6233739 TI - The parastomal hernia. AB - The development of a hernia in relation to an intestinal stoma is a common event. Complications of such a hernia are rare, but sometimes serious. For the occasional parastomal hernia that requires operation, a number of different techniques are available. PMID- 6233741 TI - [Pelvic instability. Important that maternity centers are informed and know about women's condition]. PMID- 6233742 TI - [Human dignity remains the object of productivity]. PMID- 6233740 TI - A cyclophosphamide-sensitive suppressor T cell circuit induced by thermal injury. AB - The immunoregulatory events leading to the generation of suppressor T cells after burn injury were studied by means of a mouse burn model. Immunoresponsiveness was assessed on various postburn days with a primary in vitro mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR). Responses of burned mice were depressed between 3 and 14 days after burn. Suppression became significant 5 days after burn and remained so through 14 days after burn. The Ly-t surface phenotype of T cells was studied on days 5 and 7 after burn. On day 5 burn, T cells responsible for suppression bore an Ly-1+, 2- phenotype. By postburn day 7 suppressor T cells bore an Ly-1-,2+ phenotype. These observations are consistent with the notion of feedback suppression after burn injury, wherein Ly-1+, 2- T cells induce a subset of Ly 1+,2+ T cells, thereby generating Ly-1-,2+ suppressor effector T cells. An attempt was made to uncouple the putative suppressor inducer and the suppressor effector using low doses of cyclophosphamide (CY). A single dose of 25 mg CY/kg resulted in transient restoration of depressed burn responses. By using multiple sequential doses of CY, this restorative effect could be prolonged through 8 days after burn. A dosage schedule that restores responses of burn cells without affecting responses of control cells is presented. PMID- 6233743 TI - [Differential x-ray diagnosis of congestive cardiomyopathy and ischemic heart disease]. PMID- 6233744 TI - [Use of transluminal coronary angioplasty in ischemic heart disease]. PMID- 6233745 TI - [Epidemiologic aspects of ischemic heart disease, arterial hypertension and atherogenic changes in the blood lipid composition of men and women in Leningrad aged 20 to 69]. PMID- 6233746 TI - [Clinico-physiological study of the mechanisms of reflexotherapy in the early stages of hypertension]. PMID- 6233747 TI - [Central and intracardiac hemodynamics of patients with idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis studied by radionuclide angiocardiography]. PMID- 6233748 TI - Local venous infusion of streptokinase in DVT. AB - Fourteen patients with acute deep vein thrombosis (DVT) of the thigh were treated with different doses of streptokinase (SK) as a local venous infusion. Only the lowest SK-dose given, 4,000 U/h for 72 h, had any effect. Three out of 9 patients on this dose showed significant lysis. However, systemic hemorrhagic side effects occurred in 3 patients, local dermatitis in another 3. The reason for the limited thrombolytic effect and systemic side effects could be that the catheter is not in the immediate vicinity of the thrombus, and that the SK-infusion by-passes the occluded vein segments through collaterals. There is probably no advantage of local venous SK-infusion over systemic SK-therapy in DVT. PMID- 6233749 TI - The effect of platelet inhibitors on glycoprotein V hydrolysis by thrombin. AB - Platelet membrane glycoprotein V ( GPV ) is hydrolyzed during thrombin-induced platelet aggregation. The present studies were undertaken to determine whether cleavage of GPV was a direct result of thrombin action or was secondary to platelet activation. Acetylsalicylic acid or vincristine had little or no effect on platelet activation or cleavage of GPV by thrombin. Prostacyclin or antimycin A and 2-deoxyglucose inhibited platelet activation but had no effect on hydrolysis of GPV . These findings suggest that the hydrolysis of GPV occurs independently of the biochemical and morphological changes associated with platelet activation and is therefore a direct effect of thrombin. PMID- 6233750 TI - A direct, plasmin-independent assay for plasminogen activator. AB - A direct assay for plasminogen activator (PA) was developed. It employed polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate and beta-mercaptoethanol to monitor PA-mediated conversion of single chain, 125I plasminogen to two chain plasmin. By incorporating Triton X-100, albumin and trasylol in the reaction buffer, we were able to minimize the adsorptive and autolytic loss of reactants frequently associated with similar approaches. Under these conditions, plasmin formation was linear for at least 24 hours, dose dependent over a 20-fold range of urokinase concentrations, and at least 100-fold more sensitive (0.05 units/ml) than previously reported direct assays for PA. The versatility of the assay was demonstrated by its ability to distinguish between urokinase-like and tissue-type PA, and to quantitate the effects of agents like fibrin and epsilon-amino caproic acid on their respective activities. The assay was readily adapted to detect inhibitors of PA in various samples, and was employed to demonstrate the presence of such inhibitors in both rabbit and bovine endothelial cells. Interestingly, the rabbit inhibitor was found to block the activity of urokinase but not that of tissue-type PA, while the bovine inhibitor neutralized the activities of both molecules. These results demonstrate that cleavage of 125I-plasminogen can be employed as a direct, sensitive and quantitative assay for various PAs, and thus offers a new approach for studying plasminogen activation and agents that stimulate or inhibit it. PMID- 6233751 TI - [Treatment results in children with very low birth weight (less than or equal to 1500 gram)]. AB - A retrospective study of morbidity and mortality in the neonatal period was carried out in 170 neonates of low birthweight (less than or equal to 1500 grams), who were admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit of the Wilhelmina Kinderziekenhuis in Utrecht in the years 1976 to 1979; 118 of them survived (69.4%). The survival of children born by caesarean section (n = 32, 84.3%) and of small for gestational age children (n = 18, 83.2%) was higher than the total survival. Respiratory problems were most frequent (n = 151, in 82 of them mechanical ventilation was necessary) and were the most important cause of death. In 92 of the 118 surviving children (ages 1 1/2-3 1/2 years) a follow up study could be done; 42 were considered normal; 3 children had problems due to congenital malformations; 27 children had minor problems (squint and/or emotional disturbances) which were thought to be related to the neonatal period; 11 children had minor handicaps, 9 were severely handicapped. PMID- 6233752 TI - Prolactin response to thyrotropin-releasing hormone in children with gynecomastia, premature thelarche and idiopathic precocious puberty. AB - Plasma prolactin (PRL) response to synthetic thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) was studied in six patients with pubertal gynecomastia, five patients with premature thelarche and nine female patients with idiopathic precocious puberty. The basal concentration of plasma PRL was higher (p less than 0.01) in pubertal gynecomastia as compared to control, while baseline plasma PRL levels in premature thelarche and idiopathic precocious puberty were similar to those in controls. Plasma PRL level after TRH in patients with pubertal gynecomastia was higher (p less than 0.01) than that in control, while plasma PRL responses to TRH in idiopathic precocious puberty and premature thelarche were comparable to those controls. The TRH-induced PRL release was more enhanced during treatment with cyproterone acetate (CA) than before CA therapy in four of five patients with idiopathic precocious puberty. These data suggest that the enhanced release of PRL may, at least in part, contribute to breast enlargement in pubertal gynecomastia and that seen in idiopathic precocious puberty and premature thelarche may not depend on the PRL secretion. The prolonged administration of CA enhances the PRL responsiveness to TRH. PMID- 6233753 TI - The effect of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate on serum steroid concentration in singleton and twin pregnancies and its effect on cervical canal-ripening in singleton pregnancies. AB - Each of 20 pregnant women (greater than or equal to 39 weeks) was given an intravenous injection of various doses (50, 100, 200 and 400 mg) of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHA-S) and each of 5 pregnant women (greater than or equal to 39 weeks) was given glucose solution as a control. After the administration of DHA-S, significant increases in serum estrogen concentration, especially estradiol-17 beta concentration, and in the Bishop score were observed. The maximum increase in the level of estradiol-17 beta was significantly correlated with the doses of 50-200 mg of DHA-S. However, serum levels of estrone or estriol were not dose-dependently increased by DHA-S. Since the rate of conversion of DHA-S to estrogen did not necessarily seem to be dose dependent, there may be some limitation regarding converted doses of DHA-S. There was a significant correlation between the increase in serum estrogen concentration and the increase in the Bishop score. Two hundred mg DHA-S were administered to 4 subjects pregnant with twins. Serum estrogen concentrations in these subjects were significantly higher than those in singleton pregnancies after the administration. PMID- 6233754 TI - Rejection monitoring by lymphocyte blastogenesis assay in canine lung allotransplantation. AB - Seventy-seven adult mongrel dogs underwent left lung transplantation to study the immunological detection of posttransplant rejection response using the lymphocyte blastogenesis assay. Experimental animals were divied into 3 groups; control autotransplantation (4 dogs), control allotransplantation (32 dogs) and immunosuppressed allotransplantation (41 dogs). The lymphocyte blastogenesis assay included mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR), lymphocyte reactivity to lectins (PHA, ConA and PWM) and spontaneous blastogenesis in peripheral lymphocyte culture methods. The latter two tests were performed in serial blood samples up to the 38th posttransplant day. In the control autotransplant group there were no particular changes in posttransplant PHA reactivities. In the animals with lung allograft, results of preoperative MLR between donor and recipient showed no particular relationships to posttransplant rejection response. The recipient, however, showed a decreased response to PHA and an increased spontaneous blastogenesis at the period undergoing rejection which were confirmed by blood samples taken within 2 days before sacrifice of animals whose transplant specimens showed apparent histologic findings of rejection. In the immunosuppressed allotransplantation group, those findings of PHA response and spontaneous blastogenesis had often preceded the rejection episode detected on chest x-ray films, whereas there were no particular changes in both parameters of dogs bearing enhanced allografts. The serial detection of spontaneous blastogenesis and PHA reactivity in peripheral lymphocyte may be one of the useful methods for early prediction of rejection episode in lung transplantation. PMID- 6233755 TI - Toxicity of mercuric chloride to the developing rat kidney. II. Effect of increased dosages on renal function in suckling pups. AB - It has been demonstrated that the sensitivity to HgCl2 nephrotoxicity increases with maturity in the rat, and that neonates are largely unaffected by a dose of 5 mg/kg. In the present study, immature rat pups were exposed to higher doses of HgCl2 to determine whether this effect was attributable to a quantitative or qualitative difference in the renal sensitivity to HgCl2. Sprague-Dawley rats were injected with a single dose of 5, 7.5, 10, 12.5, 20, or 30 mg/kg on Postnatal Day 1; 5, 7.5, 10, 12.5, 15, or 20 mg/kg on Day 8; or 6.25, 7.5, 10, or 12.5 mg/kg on Day 15. Renal function was evaluated at 24, 48, and 120 hr after treatment by measuring urine volume, osmolality, urinary pH, and chloride content, the ability to concentrate urine during water deprivation, and the presence of protein, glucose, or hemoglobin in urine. Animals were then killed and their kidneys weighed. A dose of 20 mg/kg was needed to induce mortality in pups treated at 1 day of age, and 15 mg/kg was needed in pups treated at 8 days of age. In contrast, the 6.25-mg/kg dose given to 15-day-old pups produced some mortality, and all rats given higher doses at 15 days of age died within 2 days. There was marked oliguria or anuria in the rats that died. Kidney weight was increased in a dose-related fashion at all ages. In those animals not rendered oliguric by the treatment, urine volume increased and the ability to secrete a more concentrated urine during water deprivation decreased. Urinary pH was decreased in a dose-related manner. Urinary chloride excretion was temporarily decreased after HgCl2 treatment on Day 1 , but was increased thereafter. Proteinuria, glucosuria, and hematuria were detected in the treated rats, again increasing in frequency and severity with age and dose. PMID- 6233756 TI - Altered immune response during cadmium administration in mice. AB - C57BL/6 mice were administered 50 or 200 ppm of Cd as CdCl2 in the drinking water for either 3 to 4 (short term) or 9 to 11 (long term) weeks. In other experimental designs, mice were exposed orally to 300 ppm of Cd or injected with 2.5 mg/kg of Cd ip. The proliferative response to the T cell mitogens Con A and PHA was increased in cultures of spleen cells from orally treated mice in most of the experiments performed. After primary immunization with sheep red blood cells, the number of IgM antibody forming cells per 10(7) spleen cells was also moderately higher in mice exposed to 50 or 200 ppm of Cd for short or long term. In contrast, long-term exposure to 300 ppm of Cd depressed the antibody response to SRBC. Administration of ZnCl2 prevented the enhancement of the PFC response in mice orally administered 50 ppm of Cd. The capacity to suppress the antibody response of spleen cells preincubated with sodium periodate was decreased after short-term oral or ip. Cd administration but was completely or partially recovered after long-term exposure to either 50 or 200 ppm of Cd. PMID- 6233757 TI - [Providing dental care to hemophilia patients]. PMID- 6233758 TI - [Allergic skin diseases in medical workers at dental polyclinics]. PMID- 6233759 TI - [The biology of microorganisms by F. J. Cohn (1828-1898). Development from studies of microscopic plants and animals]. PMID- 6233760 TI - [Notes on private libraries of German physicians from the 15th to the 17th century]. PMID- 6233761 TI - [Pegging with roots of plants]. PMID- 6233762 TI - [Plague prescriptions in the Basle Manuscript D II 30]. PMID- 6233763 TI - Isolated pancreatic islet allografts in rats rendered immunologically unresponsive to renal allografts. The effect of the site of transplantation. AB - Long-surviving Lewis (RT-1(1)) renal allografts (LS-LEW) were induced in 20 DA (RT-1a) rats by 14-day treatment with cyclosporine . All were made diabetic 100 days after transplantation using streptozotocin; 7 LS-LEW were untreated and all remained diabetic; 5 LS-LEW were given Lewis islets beneath the kidney capsule without further immunosuppression. Prolonged graft survival (greater than 100 days) was seen in 4 rats. Lewis islets were given into the portal vein in 5 LS LEW. Prolonged graft survival was seen in 4 rats. Third-party BN islets were given beneath the kidney capsule in 3 LS-LEW; these islets were rejected in less than 9 days. In contrast Lewis islets transplanted into untreated diabetic DA rats beneath the renal capsule or into the portal vein survived for a mean of 8.3 days and 4 days, respectively. In a separate experiment long-surviving Lewis renal allografts were induced in 7 PVG rats (LS-PVG) by cyclosporine treatment. These animals were made diabetic 100 days after transplantation and then were given Lewis islets under the renal capsule of the transplant kidney. Prolonged islet graft survival was seen in 6 rats, and 5 diabetic PVG rats given Lewis islets beneath the renal capsule rejected the islets within 8 days. Thus, once a recipient rat has accepted a renal allograft under the influence of cyclosporine treatment, it will accept permanently an islet allograft of the same strain as the kidney. This effect applies to both strain combinations tested, is not influenced by the site of islet implantation, and is specific for islets of the same strain as the renal allograft. PMID- 6233764 TI - Immunologic recovery in human marrow graft recipients given cyclosporine or methotrexate for the prevention of graft-versus-host disease. AB - Immunologic recovery was studied in ten patients with aplastic anemia and 23 patients with hematologic malignancy who received HLA-identical marrow grafts and cyclosporine postgrafting as prophylaxis against graft-versus-host disease. Cyclosporine , 12.5 mg/kg/day, was administered beginning on the day before marrow infusion and continued for 50 days, when it was tapered and discontinued by 6 months postgrafting . Results were compared with data from concurrent and previously described patients receiving methotrexate as prophylaxis for graft versus-host disease. Patients treated with cyclosporine or methotrexate had lower than-normal immunologic parameters and were not different from one another 3-5 months postgrafting . By 11 to 18 months after grafting lymphocyte counts had normalized in both groups. Serum IgA levels were low and IgG levels had normalized in methotrexate-treated patients, and IgM was normal in cyclosporine treated patients. In vivo antibody production to T-dependent antigens and skin test responses to recall antigens continued to be impaired. The response to the neoantigen dinitrochlorobenzene was still impaired in patients treated with cyclosporine and normal in patients given methotrexate. These data suggest that immunologic recovery after marrow transplantation is similar in cyclosporine treated and methotrexate-treated patients. PMID- 6233765 TI - Suppression of antigraft immunity by preimmunization. II. Characterization of the suppressor cells. AB - Immunization of mice with irradiated (20 Gy) or non-irradiated allogeneic spleen cells i.v. induces delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH)-reactive T cells, as well as suppressor T cells, against histocompatibility antigens. The suppressor T cells are unable to suppress the induction and functional activity of the simultaneously activated DTH-reactive T cells. However, the suppressor T cells do suppress the generation of DTH-reactive T cells after subsequent s.c. immunization of the same mice, and after transfer into secondary recipients. Systemic transfer of suppressor T cells is effective the first few days after their induction, and affects the afferent limb of the DTH response. The population of suppressor T cells, which is essential for the systemic transfer of suppression, appeared to be Lyt-1+2+. Splenectomy experiments showed that the spleen is not essential for induction of the suppressor T cells. The precursors of the suppressor T cells belong to the pool of recirculating T lymphocytes; they are insensitive to adult thymectomy and can be depleted by antithymocyte serum treatment. PMID- 6233766 TI - Mixed lymphocyte reactivity in cats. AB - A method was developed to perform primary one-way mixed lymphocyte cultures (MLC) with cat cells. A polymorphic system of MLC reactivities was found within a cat population. In family studies, alloreactivity segregated as a single genetic locus with codominantly expressed products, designated feline lymphocyte defined (Fld)--although closely linked multigene control remains possible. The relationship of Fld to a putative feline major histocompatibility complex is discussed. PMID- 6233767 TI - Significant reduction of sensitization and improved allograft outcome with donor specific buffy coat transfusion. PMID- 6233768 TI - Cellular interactions in marrow-grafted patients. II. Normal monocyte antigen presenting and defective T-cell-proliferative functions early after grafting and during chronic graft-versus-host disease. AB - The proliferation of T cells of marrow donor origin in response to Escherichia coli, an ubiquitous antigen, presented by circulating monocytes of marrow donor origin was investigated in 30 human allogeneic marrow transplant recipients. Compared with cells from healthy marrow donors, T cell proliferation was found to be deficient in all recipients studied 36-71 days after grafting, regardless of the presence or absence of acute graft-versus-host disease and in most patients with chronic graft-versus-host disease studied 118-1804 days postgrafting . In contrast, lymphocytes from most long-term patients without chronic graft-versus host disease studied 363-2673 days had immune reactivity comparable to that of lymphocytes from their marrow donors. Results of cell-mixing experiments showed that (1) monocytes from most marrow recipients were capable of presenting antigens to normal T cells of marrow donors, and (2) T cells from short-term patients and from long-term patients with active chronic graft-versus-host disease were not induced to proliferate by E-coli-pulsed monocytes from the marrow donors. This inability of T cells to proliferate was likely the result of ineffective interactions among T cell subsets. PMID- 6233769 TI - Identification of the cellular subpopulations infiltrating rejecting cadaver renal allografts. Preponderance of the T4 subset of T cells. AB - In the rejection response against renal allografts, the relative importance of helper/inducer T cells mediating a delayed-type hypersensitivity response and of T cells with direct cytotoxicity has not been defined. These subpopulations were identified with commercially available monoclonal antibodies and an indirect immunoperoxidase technique in 31 renal biopsies from patients undergoing acute rejection episodes and in 9 rejected nephrectomy specimens. T lymphocytes were the predominant cell population in all biopsies and in 8 of 9 nephrectomies. The T4 helper/inducer subset was equal to, or greater than, the T8 cytotoxic/suppressor subset in 28 of the 31 biopsies and in the 8 nephrectomy specimens that had histological evidence of cellular rejection. T4 lymphocytes were found predominantly in large areas of cellular infiltrate. T8 lymphocytes had a more diffuse interstitial distribution and were a minority of the cells in the large areas of cellular infiltration. These results show that helper/inducer T lymphocytes are often more frequent than cytotoxic/suppressor cells in acute renal allograft rejection in humans and they suggest that helper/inducer T cells may play an important role in the mediation of graft destruction. PMID- 6233770 TI - Suppressor T cells in rats with prolonged cardiac allograft survival after treatment with cyclosporine. AB - DA rats treated with cyclosporine for 2 weeks after being grafted with an RT1 incompatible PVG heart graft did not reject the graft and developed a state of specific unresponsiveness to graft antigens. The cellular mechanisms maintaining this state of unresponsiveness were studied by testing the capacity of lymphocytes from these animals to effect or inhibit graft rejection in irradiated grafted hosts. Whole lymph node and spleen cell populations, and the T cell subpopulation separated from the latter, failed to restore the rejection of PVG hearts in irradiated DA recipients but restored third-party Wistar-Furth (W/F) rejection. Both whole spleen cells and the splenic T cell subpopulation had the capacity to suppress the ability of normal DA lymphocytes to cause graft rejection. Suppression was not dependent upon a state of chimerism in grafted cyclosporine -treated animals, and was not associated with any measurable alterations in the proportion of cytotoxic/suppressor T cells in lymphoid tissues. These studies show that the state of specific unresponsiveness that follows the treatment of heart grafted rats with cyclosporine is dependent, in part, upon active suppression that is induced or mediated by T lymphocytes. Many features of the immune reactivity of cyclosporine -treated grafted rats support the hypothesis that the mechanism of specific suppression in these animals is akin to that of enhancement, rather than to that of transplantation tolerance induced in neonatal rats. PMID- 6233771 TI - Immunological considerations in renal transplantation in young patients. PMID- 6233772 TI - Abrogation of anterior-chamber-induced suppression of delayed-type hypersensitivity responses by monoclonal anti-I-J antibodies. PMID- 6233773 TI - T-cell reactions versus kidney cells, islets of Langerhans, and non-T lymphocytes. PMID- 6233774 TI - Prolongation of rat islet allografts with the use of ultraviolet irradiation, without immunosuppression. PMID- 6233775 TI - Endoscopy service in a developing country: problems and suggested solutions. PMID- 6233776 TI - Virulence of two strains of Cowdria ruminantium in mice and their use to predict drug activity against heartwater. AB - A study was made of the infectivity of two mouse-adapted strains of Cowdria ruminantium in mice. The Kwanyanga strain was most virulent in Balb/C mice which died nine days after infection with homogenate of liver from infected mice. CD-1 mice were least susceptible of six strains tested. The du Plessis strain of C. ruminantium was equally virulent in all six mouse strains. The du Plessis strain in CD-1 mice was used as the basis of a drug screen to detect activity against heartwater (C. ruminantium infection) and was highly predictive when active compounds were tested in sheep infected with the Ball 3 strain of C. ruminantium. PMID- 6233777 TI - Assessment of liver and spleen involvement in Hodgkin's disease. AB - Prognosis and proper treatment in Hodgkin's disease (HD) are strictly related to staging accuracy: liver and spleen involvement is of particular importance in this regard. We have evaluated, in 113 consecutive patients, the accuracy of clinical parameters to detect histologically documented HD involvement by comparing hepatosplenomegaly, liver function tests, liver and spleen scan, inspection of liver and spleen surface at laparoscopy with histologic findings. Our data suggest that of all the parameters studied, laparoscopy has the highest sensitivity and specificity values (about 100%). Laparoscopy may precede laparotomy as a staging procedure in HD and may give, in patients not submitted to laparotomy whatever the reasons, very reliable information. PMID- 6233778 TI - [Contact eczema caused by hydrazine bromide in soldering fluid]. PMID- 6233779 TI - Chemotherapy of hormonally unresponsive prostatic carcinoma. AB - The national Prostatic Cancer Project has evaluated single and combination chemotherapeutic agents for the treatment of patients with advanced prostatic cancer that has been unresponsive to hormonal therapy. Although regression rates have been modest, a number of drugs have shown some efficacy and are now undergoing testing in combination. Current trials of the LH-RH agonists and the antiandrogen flutamide are in progress. These trials have demonstrated a role for chemotherapy in the treatment of the patient who has failed hormonal therapy. PMID- 6233781 TI - [Vital and creative career of A. A. Limberg (on his 90th birthday)]. PMID- 6233780 TI - [Prevalence of chronic diseases of the upper respiratory tract in workers in cotton gin mills]. PMID- 6233782 TI - Double outlet left ventricle in a dog. AB - A four-month-old toy poodle bitch with growth retardation, coughing, decreased exercise tolerance and cyanotic mucous membranes had a systolic murmur and cardiomegaly. There was severe concentric hypertrophy of the right ventricle and both the aorta and pulmonic trunk originated from the left ventricle. PMID- 6233783 TI - Transfer of sheep embryos through a laparoscope. PMID- 6233784 TI - The incidence of Dictyocaulus viviparus infections in cattle in the Netherlands. II. Survey of sera collected in the field. AB - Examination of nearly 2000 sera indicated that approximately 90 per cent of cattle had acquired Dictyocaulus viviparus infections during the previous grazing season. No differences were found between provinces. Large differences were seen between herds. Antibody titres of milk cows on zerograzing farms were significantly lower than on comparable farms where animals were pastured. The need for further epidemiological work is stressed. In such work serology can be helpful. PMID- 6233785 TI - Mode of interference of trisodium phosphonoformate (INN: foscarnet sodium), with influenza virus mRNA synthesis. AB - Foscarnet has previously been shown to inhibit influenza RNA polymerase activity. In this report the mode of inhibition of foscarnet has been investigated by enzyme-kinetic procedures and product analysis. Foscarnet shows noncompetitive inhibition with respect to ATP, CTP, and UTP, and a mixed inhibition with respect to GTP. In the presence of foscarnet the initiation of the mRNA synthesis can still occur, but the elongation is inhibited. The block of mRNA formation by foscarnet seems to occur after the synthesis of the 12-nucleotide-long conserved sequence found at the 5 prime end of the viral message. PMID- 6233786 TI - [High-quality practical training for the young military physician]. PMID- 6233787 TI - [Clinical aspects, treatment and prevention of dermatitis medicamentosa]. PMID- 6233788 TI - [Results of various experimental studies of humic acid electrophoresis]. PMID- 6233789 TI - [Contribution of Russian scientists to the development of health resorts in Georgia]. PMID- 6233791 TI - [Bioclimatic characteristics of the atmosphere of the therapeutic beaches in Eupatoria]. PMID- 6233790 TI - [Effectiveness of sanatorium-health resort treatment of bronchial asthma (asthmatic bronchitis) in adolescents]. PMID- 6233792 TI - [Effectiveness of sanatorium and climate treatment of patients with nonspecific lung diseases arriving in the Crimea from various climatic zones of the country]. PMID- 6233794 TI - Compensation and recovery from injury. AB - Workers' compensation laws influence recovery from injury. They affect the "cause" of disease, access to care, diagnostic evaluation, treatment, response to treatment and residual disability. Paradoxically, financial compensation may discourage return to work, the appeal process may increase disability, an open claim may inhibit return to work and recovering patients may be unable to return to work. Physicians may help improve the prospects of returning patients to work by providing care that is medical, caring and independent. It is essential that the treatment of back pain be based on the known natural history and on the understanding that the management of acute pain differs from that of chronic pain. Increased awareness of the factors controlling return to work should motivate legislative bodies, labor and industry to alter those features of the compensation system that interfere with the return to work of injured workers. PMID- 6233793 TI - [Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (prevalence and the problems of etiology and transmission)]. AB - The literature on the prevalence, etiology, and transmission of subacute spongiform encephalopathy (Creutzfeldt--Jakob disease) is analysed. The author dwell at length on the incidence in various countries, mechanisms and ways of spread of this disease including those associated with medicinal treatment and everyday contacts. Clinico-morphological criteria of diagnosis are discussed. PMID- 6233795 TI - Immunogenicity of hepatitis B virus vaccine (Heptavax-B)--response of healthy adults. AB - We vaccinated 30 healthy adults who were susceptible to hepatitis B virus with 20 mug of Merck Sharp & Dohme vaccine at zero, one and six months and measured their antibody (anti-HBs) response weekly for four weeks and monthly for at least seven months. A month following the first dose 40% had antibodies and 90% were positive for anti-HBs a month following the second dose. The third dose raised the response rate to 93.3% but its major effect was to substantially raise the titer of virtually all of the vaccinees. Two persons had no antibody response to vaccination and four others were hyporesponders. No complications or significant side effects were observed. PMID- 6233796 TI - [Clinico-pathologic conference. A 61-year-old patient with high fever, signs of cholestasis and enlarged paraaortic lymph nodes]. PMID- 6233797 TI - [Conservative treatment of chronic lymphedema and sclerotic skin processes]. PMID- 6233798 TI - [The lymphadenopathy syndrome. Immunologic studies of young homosexual men with and without lymphadenopathy]. AB - Investigations on 147 young homosexual men living in Berlin (West) revealed lymphadenopathy in 61.2% (90 pat.). This finding was prominent in 43.4% of all cases. Evaluation of total T-, T-helper und T-suppressor lymphocytes by means of immunofluorescence with monoclonal antibodies showed an unchanged total number of T-lymphocytes; in contrast, the T-helper subpopulation was decreased and the T suppressor subpopulation was increased in the peripheral blood, in comparison to a control group of heterosexual men. Therefore, a significantly reduced Th/Ts ratio was supposed. These changes were more pronounced in the group with marked lymphadenopathy. Our investigations prove a high prevalence of lymphadenopathy and immune dysfunction among young homosexual men in Germany. Both are correlates of one syndrome characterized by persisting unexplained lymphadenopathy, immune dysfunction, and general clinical symptoms (including loss of weight, fever, diarrhoea, etc.). This so called lymphadenopathy syndrome (LAS) with the above mentioned clinical symptoms and reduction of the Th/Ts-ratio may represent a prodrome of AIDS. A long-term and careful follow-up of these patients is therefore necessary. PMID- 6233799 TI - [Special pathologico-anatomical aspects of AIDS--acquired immune deficiency syndrome]. AB - Data from morphologic and immunologic follow-up studies are presented of ten patients with AIDS. The sequence of morphologic lesions in lymph nodes proceeds from an initial marked hyperplasia of T- and B-zones (follicular hyperplasia with plasmacytosis and diffuse paracortical hyperplasia) to paracortical atrophy with reactive reticulo-histiocytic hyperplasia and to a late irregular B-cell hyperplasia with effacement of lymph node structure. These changes are accompanied immunocytological by a polyclonal increase in B-Lymphocytes while T helper cells (TH) and T-suppressor cells (TS) initially exhibit a normal 2:1 ratio, an inversion of the TH/TS ratio is observed in advanced stages. Inversion occurs at the time when paracortical atrophy becomes evident in lymph nodes. Pathogenetically, persistent virus infections and a self-sustaining disturbance of immune regulatory mechanisms are discussed. PMID- 6233800 TI - [Thrombocyte activity in dilatative cardiomyopathy and latent cardiomyopathy compared to coronary heart disease]. AB - In a comparative study on the pathomechanism of myocardial hypoxia we determined a parameter each of platelet activity and thrombin activity in 46 patients with angina pectoris, i.e., 15 patients with dilatative cardiomyopathy (DCM), 15 patients with latent cardiomyopathy (LCM) and 16 patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) compared to 15 normal subjects (N). beta-thromboglobulin (beta TG) and fibrinopeptide A (FPA) were measured both at rest (I) and after symptom limited maximal exercise (II) in plasma. In N, beta TG was not increased in any case, neither at rest nor on exertion (I: 20.5 +/- 6.1 ng/ml, II: 22.4 +/- 6.7 ng/ml). Patients with LCM did not differ significantly from N (I: 20.9 +/- 6.1 ng/ml, II: 22.7 +/- 7.9 ng/ml). beta TG values of some patients with DCM and CHD were increased at rest and especially under exercise (DCM I: 27.9 +/- 9.6 ng/ml, vs. N p less than 0.025; II: 49.9 +/- 45.5 ng/ml, vs. N p less than 0.01; CHD I: 25.2 +/- 7.7 ng/ml, vs. N p less than 0.05; II: 38.6 +/- 34.3 ng/ml, vs. N p less than 0.01). Patients with DCM developing significant angina under exercise showed a higher beta TG under these exercise conditions than those with mild or no angina (p less than 0.01). In patients with coronary heart disease, this correlation was not to be found. With regard to FPA the four investigated groups differed in an analogous way, as they did with regard to beta TG; but only a weak correlation within both values was shown.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6233801 TI - Activation volumes of the calcium dependent para-nitrophenyl phosphate hydrolysis of the sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium transport enzyme. AB - The effect of pressure on the calcium dependent hydrolysis of para-nitrophenyl phosphate by the calcium transport enzyme of the sarcoplasmic reticulum was studied under different conditions: temperature, solutes, substrate and ion concentrations. The calcium transport enzyme exhibits a large positive activation volume which does neither depend on the enzyme's inhibition by high salt concentrations nor its activation by ethylene glycol. The activation volume further proves to be pressure-independent but exhibits a pronounced negative temperature coefficient. The volume changes connected with the entrance of para nitrophenyl phosphate, calcium or magnesium ions into the substrate ion complex are quite small, indicating that the transfer of water connected with the binding of these ligands is compensated by volume changes of the protein, accompanying the transition of the enzyme from its activated into its ground state. PMID- 6233804 TI - [Status of dermatological morbidity among workers in certain branches of industry]. PMID- 6233802 TI - Alteration of acylphosphate formation of cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum ATPase by calmodulin-dependent phosphorylation. AB - The calcium-dependent acylphosphate formed by the calcium transport ATPase of cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum and the calcium-, calmodulin-dependent phosphoester(s) of sarcoplasmic reticulum fractions formed by a calcium-, calmodulin-dependent membrane-bound protein kinase can be distinguished by removal of calcium and/or magnesium by EDTA or hydroxylamine treatment of the acid denaturated membranes. Both procedures decompose the acylphosphate with little effect on the phosphoester(s). Calmodulin-dependent phosphorylation (2.44 nmol/mg SR protein) reduces the apparent K(Ca) of the acylphosphate steady state level of the calcium transport ATPase from 0.56 to 0.34 microM free calcium, without affecting the maximum phosphoenzyme level (0.93 versus 0.89 nmol/mg protein), and has little, if any, effect on the Hill-coefficient (1.32 versus 1.54). PMID- 6233803 TI - Isolation and characterization of tributyltin resistant mutants of Escherichia coli. AB - Two classes of tributyltin (TBT) resistant, spontaneous mutants of Escherichia coli K-12 were isolated, using a cytochrome containing (W 1485) and a cytochrome deficient ( SASX76 ) strain. In contrast to the cytochrome sufficient strain, the cytochrome deficient strain was found to be fifty times more sensitive to TBT. The class I mutants, isolated from strain W 1485, also showed cross-resistance to triphenyltin (TPT). As compared to its wild type parent, the TBT-resistant mutants exhibited mucoid colony type, aberrant cell morphology and reduced uptake of TPT. Based on these results, it was suggested that the resistance of class I mutants to TBT may be associated with above mentioned alterations. The class II TBT-resistant mutants were isolated from the cytochrome deficient strain, SASX76 . In comparison to class I mutants, these class II mutants were found to have TBT resistant membrane bound adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) which may account for their resistance to TBT. PMID- 6233807 TI - [Prevention of pustular disease in workers]. PMID- 6233806 TI - [Early diagnosis and rehabilitation of occupational dermatosis patients in fiberglass manufacture]. PMID- 6233808 TI - [Case of psoriasis rupioides with arthropathy]. PMID- 6233805 TI - [Role of trace elements in the pathogenesis and early diagnosis of occupational allergic dermatoses]. PMID- 6233809 TI - [Cutaneous leishmaniasis in the population of the developed lands of the Karshi steppe]. PMID- 6233811 TI - [Experimental animal and clinical studies of caries activity and progression in tetracycline-containing hard dental tissues. 1. Animal experiment studies]. PMID- 6233810 TI - [Venous and intragastral pressure measurements in surgical correction of abdominal wall defects]. AB - Our own experiences with venous and intragastral pressure measurements when correcting abdominal wall defects and their consecutive symptoms are shown. The exact measurement of pressure in the V. cava inf. is a good method for the assessment of the intraabdominal pressure ratios. The intragastral pressure measurement is demonstrated as an alternative measuring technique. As a non invasive method, it is without risk; it is easy to perform and correlates with the intra-abdominal pressure. PMID- 6233812 TI - [Histological study of the dental pulp of caries-free, periodontally diseased teeth]. PMID- 6233813 TI - [Effect of technological factors on the adhesive strength of VMK 68 ceramic stock to Gisadent NCA alloy]. PMID- 6233815 TI - [Hardness measurements of tooth-colored plastic materials in relation to temperature]. PMID- 6233814 TI - [Corrosion behavior of different amalgams]. PMID- 6233816 TI - [Structure of the enamel surfaces of permanent human teeth under the scanning electron microscope]. PMID- 6233817 TI - [Electron microscopic studies of jaw cysts in the basal cell nevus syndrome (Gorlin-Goltz syndrome)]. PMID- 6233819 TI - [Experimental animal studies of the behavior of dental hard tissue as affected by corticoids]. PMID- 6233818 TI - [Quantitative determination of B- and T-lymphocytes and granulocyte phagocytosis activity in denture stomatitis patients]. PMID- 6233820 TI - [Histomorphology of experimental periodontal disease in the dog]. PMID- 6233823 TI - [In memoriam Harry Heiner 7 December 1928 to 3 June 1983]. PMID- 6233821 TI - [Reaction of the masticatory musculature to unilateral occlusal disorders. An experimental study on miniature pigs. 1. Histochemical and morphometric analyses]. PMID- 6233822 TI - [Dental restoration materials in the hemolysis test]. PMID- 6233824 TI - [Heart weight in acute death caused by coronary disease]. AB - In 487 men and 359 women with acute coronary death the average heart weight was estimated. This was related to the different kinds of acute death and chronic ischemic heart disease. Moreover, the hearts were classified according to three weight groups (less than 400 g, 400-499 g, greater than 499 g) and also related to the different kinds of acute coronary death and chronic ischemic heart disease. On the average, the heart weights in females were lower than in males. In 90% of all cases a heart weight of more than 400 g was characteristic. Pathologic hypertrophy of the heart was especially found in the group of men who died on recurrent myocardial infarction or acute coronary insufficiency with fibrosis of the heart muscle. A majority of men dying under the signs of instantaneous death also showed a pathologic hypertrophy of the heart muscle. In the female group heart weights between 400-499 dominated. The results are discussed. PMID- 6233825 TI - [Complications of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA)]. AB - PTA can be regarded as an enrichment of the treatment alternatives used for chronic arterial vascular disease. Complications requiring corrective vascular surgery arose in 6% of 194 catheter dilatations. They could be observed at the sites of puncture, recanalization and dilatation. The complications associated with PTA do not constitute any burden for emergency surgery. The complication rate is justifiable within the treatment concept. PMID- 6233827 TI - [Damage pattern in 419 handicapped children in one region]. AB - Report about 419 children with handicaps, born 1966-1980 in one territory. 9.8 per cent of these 419 children have a severe damage, not able for education. 11.9 per cent have a moderate damage and 78.3 per cent a mild one. The mental retardation is combined with damage of senses, cerebral palsy and seizures. Frequency of children with handicaps seems to decrease in the last years. PMID- 6233826 TI - [Tactics and technic of abdominal closure in relaparotomy, abdominal dehiscence and peritonitis]. AB - In cases of reexploration, abdominal wound dehiscence, and peritonitis closure of the abdomen calls for a flexible technique which can be adapted to local circumstances. Skin and the subcutaneous layer should be left open if contaminated from within the abdomen. If multi-layer closure becomes difficult, one should resort to one-layer closure sparing skin and subcutis. If approximation of wound edges becomes difficult or impossible, open stabilization of the abdomen is advocated, a simple method, applicable everywhere with an acceptable risk. PMID- 6233828 TI - [Effect on helper activity of synthetic polyelectrolytes introduced into an in vitro system of interacting macrophages and thymus cells]. AB - Our experiments have shown that the joint incubation of thymocytes and syngeneic macrophages in vitro for 60 minutes is accompanied by a certain increase in the helper activity of thymocytes. The presence of polyacrylic acid or the copolymer of acrylic acid and N-vinyl-pyrrolidone, containing 56 mol% of acrylic acid, in this system ensures a considerable increase in the helper activity of thymocytes, incubated jointly with marrow cells and sheep red blood cells and then transferred into a cell culture in vivo. PMID- 6233829 TI - [Dynamics of population immunity to influenza A and B viruses resulting from the introduction of a comprehensive influenza control system in a city]. AB - The time course of population immunity to influenza viruses A and B in different social and age groups among the inhabitants of Severodvinsk before and after the introduction of the complex system of influenza control has been studied. The influence of mass vaccinal prophylaxis and natural influenza morbidity on population immunity among the inhabitants of the city is shown. PMID- 6233830 TI - [Natural focus of leptospirosis in the rice paddies of Krasmodar Territory and the means for its eradication]. AB - OFFthe rice fields of the Krasnodar Territory the intensive epizootic of leptospirosis icterohemorrhagica can be observed in the population of Norway rats (995 animals have been examined and 102 cultures obtained) the whole year round. The highest intensity of the epizootic process is known to fall on the end of summer and the beginning of autumn (45-50% of Leptospira carriers). The natural focus of leptospirosis on the rice-growing complex is epidemiologically dangerous. The epizootic process can be suppressed by reducing the population of rats by means of poisoned baits. The alternate use of different poisons ( rotindan , brodifacum ) given in the form of paraffined briquettes has proved to be most expedient. PMID- 6233831 TI - [Zoonotic infections in persons working in plants producing meat and bone meal]. AB - The present study has revealed that persons working at offal and bone processing plants show no specific pathology, peculiar to such plants, in the state of their health and severe mass diseases among these persons are absent. Nevertheless, rather frequent occurrence of erysipeloid should be noted. The survey of workers employed at different stages of the production process has revealed the presence of ornithosis, listeriosis and leptospirosis infections. No clinically manifest cases of these diseases have been detected. The infection of individual workers occurs in the process of production as the result of contacts with infected raw materials of animal origin. For preventing the possible spread of infection great attention should be paid to sanitary, hygienic and epidemiological measures. PMID- 6233832 TI - Studies on the toxicity and efficacy of a new amino acid solution in pediatric parenteral nutrition. PMID- 6233833 TI - Total parenteral nutrition in pediatric surgery using a new amino acid solution (Vaminolac). PMID- 6233834 TI - Prolactin in hirsute women: possible roles for androgens in suppressing basal levels, and for oestrogens in enhancing TRH-induced responses. AB - Hyperprolactinaemic patients occasionally demonstrate hirsutism and elevated levels of DHA-S, a weak androgen of adrenal origin. Abnormal adrenal function is frequently observed in hirsute patients. These observations prompted speculation that prolactin may modulate normal adrenal secretion and that derangements of adrenal androgen secretion may be due to abnormalities in prolactin. In this study we examined the possibility that elevated prolactin levels may be involved in the pathogenesis of hyperandrogenaemia in hirsute patients. However, basal prolactin levels in hirsute women, with or without menstrual disturbances, 201 +/ 24.3 mU/l (mean +/- SE) and 192 +/- 24.3 mU/l respectively, were significantly suppressed below levels in normal women, 289 +/- 12.2 mU/l. The prolactin responses to stimulation with TRH and to suppression with L-dopa were also studied in hirsute patients. The prolactin response to TRH (maximum increment or integrated response) was exaggerated significantly in hirsute women with menstrual disturbances when compared to normal women, to hirsute women with normal menses or to normal men. This abnormal response may have been due to elevated oestrone levels present in patients with oligomenorrhoea (318 +/- 49.5 pmol/l compared to 191 +/- 12.1 pmol/l in normal women and 161 +/- 15.5 pmol/l in hirsute women with normal menses, P less than 0.05). There were no abnormalities detected in the suppression of prolactin in response to L-dopa in any of these groups. These findings do not support a role for prolactin in the pathogenesis of hyperandrogenaemia in hirsute patients. However, elevated androgen levels in women may bring about suppression of basal prolactin levels to values seen in normal men. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6233835 TI - Isolation of thyroid stimulating immunoglobulins by affinity chromatography using protein A sepharose. AB - Sera from a reference pool, 29 controls and 18 patients with Graves' disease were fractionated on sepharose CL-4B protein A. After a primary elution of the unbound fraction at normal pH, IgG subclasses 1, 2 and 4 were eluted using a discontinuous pH gradient. The eluate was monitored by UV-absorption at 280 nm and three peaks were observed within narrow pH ranges in all sera tested. From the reference pool (n = 10) peak A was eluted at pH 6.6 +/- 0.1, peak B at 4.2 +/ 0.03 and peak C at 3.8 +/- 0.01. This distribution was partially related to the IgG subclasses with IgG1 recovered in peak C, while IgG2 and IgG4 were distributed in both peak B and C. Thyroid adenylate cyclase stimulating antibodies (TSAb) and thyrotrophin binding inhibiting immunoglobulins (TBII) were measured in the pooled fractions under these peaks. In the reference pool total assay variations (SD) were 10-22 per cent. The 95 percentiles of the 29 control values were used as reference range. In the 18 patients TSAb were positive in 4 in fraction A, 9 in B and 12 in C. TBII were found in one in fraction A, none in B and 13 in C. No correlation between TSAb and TBII values were found before or after fractionation. In most cases TSAb activity was highest in fraction C, however, in 3 patients fraction A was the more active and in these patients TBII were only found in fraction C. It is concluded, that the present results indicate a heterogeneity of the thyroid stimulating immunoglobulins with separation of the TSAb and TBII activities in some patients. PMID- 6233836 TI - Abnormal nerve supply of the musculus oliquus externus abdominis in man. PMID- 6233837 TI - Ischemic degeneration of the avian muscle spindle. AB - The neurovascular supply to the pigeon's extensor digitorum communis muscle was disrupted. The muscle spindles were studied by light and electron microscopy to determine whether their degeneration was compatible with regeneration by activation of satellite cells within an intact spindle capsule. The denervation and ischemia induced intrafusal muscle fiber necrosis and degeneration of the sarcolemma and basal lamina. The muscle fibers in the equatorial region were often absent and their sites were indicated by collagenous caps which usually covered the sensory nerve terminal regions. These collagenous caps enclosed amorphous material derived from the intrafusal fibers and degenerating mitochondria from the sensory terminals. In this equatorial region, the basal lamina was present only under the collagenous cap and was disrupted elsewere . The cells of the muscle spindle capsule were more sparse or absent, but the collagen content had increased. The sheath lacked continuity, containing numerous gaps. These observations indicate that the basal lamina does not remain intact, and regeneration may not occur by activation of satellite cells within the former basal lamina, as reported for regenerating rat muscle spindles. This suggests that the mechanisms of regeneration of muscle spindles in rat and pigeon muscle may not be similar. PMID- 6233838 TI - Relationship between pigment accumulation and age in Alzheimer's disease and Down syndrome. AB - The amount of lipofuscin pigment within nerve cells of the nucleus basalis of Meynert and that of melanin pigment with nerve cells of locus ceruleus was measured in seven patients with Down syndrome, in 22 patients with Alzheimer's disease and in 18 controls ranging from 30 to 88 years of age. No significant differences in amount of either pigment in these cells at any age were noted between the patient groups and their age controls. PMID- 6233839 TI - Late complications of laparoscopic clip sterilization. AB - Late sequelae after laparoscopic Hulka clip sterilization were investigated in 100 women, with a follow-up time of 1 1/2-3 years. Of the patients, 18% showed menstrual disorders, and one patient complained of climacteric symptoms. Increased libido was reported by 34% of the women and decreased libido by 8%. Of the husbands, libido had increased in 18% of cases, while none of them reported decreased libido. Sexual intercourse was felt to be more satisfactory after sterilization by 40% of the women, while the others did not find any change. All the patients were asked whether they would again choose laparoscopic sterilization as a contraceptive method and all answers were unhesitatingly in the affirmative. PMID- 6233840 TI - The plasma concentration of medroxyprogesterone acetate and ovarian function during treatment with medroxyprogesterone acetate in 5 and 10 mg doses. AB - Peripheral plasma levels of medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) were determined by radioimmunoassay in 5 women after oral administration of 5 and 10 mg medroxyprogesterone acetate daily. Peak levels of MPA in plasma were recorded within 1 - 3 hours of taking the tablet, which indicates a rapid absorption from the gastro-intestinal tract. The levels of medroxyprogesterone acetate 12 hours after taking of the 5 mg tablet remained constant throughout the 8 weeks of study. Peripheral plasma levels of estradiol and progesterone were determined throughout treatment. The estradiol levels indicated development of follicles in 7 out of 10 treatment months in the 5 mg group, and in 3 of the subjects treated with 10 mg MPA. The progesterone levels in those women treated with 5 mg MPA showed normal luteal concentration values in 2 out of 10 treatment months. No woman treated with 10 mg MPA had an increase in progesterone during the 21-day period of treatment. The results obtained in this study suggest that 10 mg MPA daily will inhibit ovulation but 5 mg is not sufficient to inhibit ovulation in all women. PMID- 6233841 TI - Norfloxacin: in vitro activity compared with that of seven other antibacterial agents against urinary tract pathogens. AB - The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of norfloxacin, nalidixic acid, ampicillin, amoxycillin/clavulanic acid (4:1), mecillinam, cefaclor , sulphamethoxazole/trimethoprim (20:1) and netilmicin against 435 clinical isolates of bacterial urinary tract pathogens have been determined. An agar dilution method was employed. Norfloxacin was the most active agent in the study on a weight-for-weight basis. The drug was highly active against Enterobacteriaceae. Norfloxacin was more active than netilmicin against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MICs less than or equal to 2 mg/l and less than or equal to 4 mg/l, respectively). Norfloxacin was also active against Gram-positive bacteria including enterococci and Staphylococcus saprophyticus (MICs less than or equal to 4 mg/l). Norfloxacin may well become a useful agent for the oral treatment of urinary tract infection, particularly as a drug for the treatment of infections caused by multiresistant organisms. PMID- 6233842 TI - Heart and kidney involvement during antihypertensive treatment. Results from the primary preventive trial in Goteborg, Sweden. AB - The prevalence of signs of heart (Minnesota-coded ECG, chest X-ray) and kidney involvement (proteinuria, abnormal serum creatinine) was studied before and after 5 years' antihypertensive treatment in 686 middle-aged, hypertensive men derived from a screening examination of a random population sample. The prevalences of heart enlargement (X-ray) and abnormally high serum creatinine increased. A pronounced regression of S-T and T wave changes in the ECG was achieved. In a subgroup of 375 patients without digitalis therapy and not having had myocardial infarction, ECG signs of left ventricular hypertrophy decreased. PMID- 6233844 TI - Pain. PMID- 6233843 TI - Systolic time intervals and ejection fraction in assessing left ventricular performance following acute myocardial infarction. Comparison of systolic time intervals and equilibrium radionuclide ventriculography. AB - Left ventricular performance in 54 patients with acute myocardial infarction was studied by means of systolic time intervals (STI) and ejection fraction (EF) determined using radionuclide technique. The data were correlated to clinical parameters of left ventricular heart failure and size of infarction. Thirty-seven patients were studied in the convalescent period with repeated registrations at 6, 10 and 24 weeks. Patients with left ventricular heart failure had markedly depressed EF, significantly different from EF in the non-heart failure group. STI did not show any difference. A strong correlation between infarct size and EF could be demonstrated. STI discriminated significantly transmural from non transmural infarctions, and presented significant differences between those with normal EF (greater than 50%) and patients with EF below 35%. No significant changes could be found in left ventricular performance during the convalescent period, except for an increase in corrected preejection period (PEPc) probably due to drugs. The correlation between EF and STI was poor, the highest correlation coefficient being 0.55 between EF and the ratio PEP/LVET. PMID- 6233845 TI - Functional alteration of membrane integrity during global ischemia in perfused working rabbit hearts. PMID- 6233846 TI - A comparison of the methods for assessment of myocardial capillarity. PMID- 6233847 TI - A mechanism for oxygen damage to the immature retinal vasculature. PMID- 6233848 TI - Construction of human T-cell hybrids with helper function. AB - Human T-cell hybrids with helper activity were obtained after fusion of phytohemagglutinin-activated normal human T cells with a 6-thioguanine-resistant, aminopterin-sensitive human T-cell line. This mutant line, designated CEM-T15, was derived from the human T-cell line CEM after mutagenesis with ethyl methanesulfonate. The polyethylene glycol induced fusion and the selection in hypoxanthine- aminopeterin -thymidine medium were performed by modification of standard somatic cell hybridization techniques. After fusion, the strategy for selecting hybrids consisted in screening growing cultures for the presence of cells expressing the OKT3 cell surface differentiation antigen. OKT3 was chosen because it is present in 85-95% of normal human T cells but absent from CEM-T15 cells. Thus, OKT3+ cells growing 5-7 weeks after fusion most likely represented hybrids between normal T cells (OKT3+) and continuously growing CEM-T15 cells (OKT3-). Several of the hybrids were tested for their capacity to promote pokeweed mitogen-induced antibody production by B cells. These experiments demonstrated that many of the hybrids had helper activity. Periodical testing of these uncloned hybrids for helper activity revealed functional instability, with most of the hybrids losing helper activity after 20 weeks of continuous culture. However, early and repeated cloning of the same hybrids resulted in a series of hybrid clones with helper activity still present more than 8 months after fusion. In more recent fusions, we have demonstrated that human helper hybrids producing helper factor(s) can also be obtained. These and similar hybrids with different functions will be of considerable importance in further studies of the immunobiology of human T lymphocytes. PMID- 6233849 TI - Fifth International Conference on Cyclic Nucleotides and Protein Phosphorylation, Milan, June 27-July 1, 1983. PMID- 6233850 TI - Control of microtubule stability by calmodulin-dependent and -independent phosphorylation. PMID- 6233851 TI - Chick oviduct progesterone receptor: protein kinase activity of purified components. PMID- 6233852 TI - Vascular reactivity and calcium-entry blockers. AB - Calcium-entry blockers inhibit contractions of vascular smooth muscle cells in response to potassium and to endogenous and exogenous vasoconstrictor stimuli in both normoxic and hypoxic conditions. In this regard, the protecting effect of flunarizine is of long duration and particularly evident on brain arteries at concentrations not affecting vascular myogenic activity or myocardial contractile force. Some calcium-entry blockers (especially flunarizine) also decrease blood hyperviscosity by improving red blood cell deformability. Both vascular and rheological effects reflect a protection against changes in permeability of the cell membrane to calcium. PMID- 6233853 TI - Cyclic nucleotides, prostaglandins, and ischemic heart disease. PMID- 6233854 TI - Fifth International Conference on Cyclic Nucleotides and Protein Phosphorylation. Milan, June 27-July 1, 1983. Abstracts. PMID- 6233855 TI - [Clinical picture and behavior of 40-year long-term students in clinics and schools for the handicapped--impressions and experiences of a special school teacher. Also a contribution to the history of pediatrics and special pedagogy]. PMID- 6233856 TI - [Study of combination chemotherapy with cytosine arabinoside in the intravesical treatment of superficial bladder tumors]. AB - The effect of instillation therapy using CA alone or in combination with MMC, NCS or CQ was examined in 111 patients (92 males and 19 females, aged 32-87 years old with an average age of 66 years) with multiple superficial bladder tumors. The response rate of 29 patients given CA 400 mg alone was 48.3%, that of 25 patients given combination therapy of CA 200 mg and MMC 20 mg was 84.0%, that of 28 patients given combination therapy of CA 200 mg and NCS 4,000 U was 71.4%, that of 22 patients given combination therapy of CA 200 mg and NCS 6,000 U was 95.5% and that of 7 patients given combination therapy of CA 200 mg and CQ 10 mg was 100%. The response rates of the patients given any of the combination therapies were higher than that of the patients given CA alone. But because MMC, NCS and CQ were not administered singly, combination therapy cannot be concluded to be superior to single therapy. There was little difference between the response rate of primary cases and that of follow up cases. The side effects were all symptoms of local irritation, and were not indicative of systemic damage. Side effects were seen in 3.4%, 71.4%, 40.0% and 3.6% of the patients given CA alone, CA + CQ combination therapy, CA + MMC combination therapy and CA + NCS (4,000) therapy, respectively, combination therapy of CA and CQ producing the highest percentage of side effects. PMID- 6233857 TI - Antenatal detection of Down syndrome by sonography. PMID- 6233858 TI - [Evaluation of the immune system in Down's syndrome patients]. AB - The authors carry out a study to evaluate the immunoglobulin and complement factor levels and the populations and subpopulations of mononuclear cells enumerated by monoclonal antibodies, in Down's syndrome (DS) patients. The IgG, IgA and IgM immunoglobulins were significantly increased, and presented an age dependence. The complement factors, C3 and C4 were normal. We enumerated T lymphocyte subsets in these patients using OKT3, OKT4, OKT6, OKT8, OKIa1 and OKM1 monoclonal antibodies. The percentages of total T cells (T3 + cells) and of helper T lymphocytes (T4 + cells), were significantly decreased (DS: 49 +/- 11%; p less than 0,05) (DS: 20 +/- 7%; p less than 0,001); nevertheless in the subpopulations of suppressor/cytotoxic T lymphocytes, we found an increase (T8 + cells) (DS: 34 +/- 12%; p less than 0,01). In the remainder of the populations studied, B lymphocytes, monocytes, null-cells and common thymocytes no apparent alterations were detected. The study has shown an imbalance between populations of helper induced and cytotoxic /suppressor T lymphocytes in these patients. It appears that the unbalances in population and subpopulation studies could be due to an alteration of the Thymus. This is suggested by the increased susceptibility to polytopic infections, high risk of malignancies and high frequency of autoantibodies. PMID- 6233859 TI - [Identification of allergens in 5 grasses using crossed radioimmunoelectrophoresis (CRIE)]. AB - Using crossed radioimmunoelectrophoresis ( CRIE ) aqueous extracts from pollen of Phleum pratense , Lolium perenne, Poa pratensis , Festuca pratensis and Alopecurus pratensis were investigated for allergen composition. We detected between 24 and 32 antigens. Employing sera from 11 patients with well established hay fever, IgE binding could be demonstrated in 15 out of 28 antigens in Phleum pratense , 13 out of 32 in Lolium perenne, 14 out of 26 in Poa pratensis , 12 out of 24 Festuca pratensis and 12 out of 24 antigens in Alopecurus pratensis . The 11 patients showed an individual pattern of sensitization against the various pollen allergens. PMID- 6233860 TI - Immune complexes--pathogenetic factors of autoimmune systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - Immune complexes (IC) are a general feature of immunologic mediated reactions in host defence against disease. Under certain circumstances they become pathogenic. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a well accepted model of immune complex action in autoimmunity. It seems likely, that different ways of IC formation and effects are at least in part responsible for lupus nephritis, skin affection and other manifestations of SLE. There are practical aspects of immune complex determination in monitoring disease as well as certain therapeutic regimes. PMID- 6233861 TI - [Modification of granulocyte phagocytosis by extracts from tumor antigens]. AB - The results with the granulocyte phagocytosis test adding various tumor antigen preparations are represented. In comparison with clinically healthy probands and patients having benign diseases there could not be proved any malignancy and organ specificity of granulocyte phagocytosis in patients with malignant tumors of different stages and various localization of organs. PMID- 6233862 TI - [The preservability of rosette-forming blood cells in various culture media]. AB - Rosette-forming cells of the peripheral human blood are preservable in the cell culture media McCoy's 5a, RPMI 1640 and supplemented Eagle-MEM (59) at 20 degrees C for 3 days, if 1 part blood is mixed with 2 parts of one of the culture media. PMID- 6233864 TI - Academic integration of hearing-impaired students: demographic, handicapping, and achievement factors. PMID- 6233863 TI - Selective IgA deficiency associated with Niemann-Pick disease. PMID- 6233865 TI - Recent legislation affecting hearing-impaired persons. PMID- 6233866 TI - The hepatitis B vaccine: background and foreground. PMID- 6233867 TI - Pathophysiologic mechanisms of cardiac tamponade and pulsus alternans shown by echocardiography. AB - A pericardial effusion is easily recognized by echocardiography, but the diagnosis of cardiac tamponade by echocardiography is controversial. Recently, several reports have indicated that right ventricular (RV) or right atrial (RA) diastolic collapse represent highly specific and sensitive signs of a hemodynamically significant pericardial effusion. This report evaluates the pathophysiologic significance of these findings in 3 patients. One patient had classic clinical and hemodynamic features of tamponade without typical echocardiographic features; 1 had typical echocardiographic features of tamponade without the characteristic clinical or hemodynamic features; and 1 had all the findings characteristic of tamponade, including mechanical and electrical alternans. The first patient had increased right-sided cardiac pressures and RV hypertrophy, which prevented RV or RA collapse. The second patient had low right sided intracardiac pressures, which allowed RV and RA diastolic compression to occur during early and mid-diastole. In the third patient, severe holodiastolic impairment of right-sided filling, and presumed decreased pulmonary venous and pericardial compliance, in the setting of tamponade produced a beat-to-beat alternation of RV and left ventricular filling with associated electrical and mechanical alternans. RV or RA collapse during diastole occurs when intrapericardial pressure equals or exceeds intracardiac pressure. Increases in wall stiffness of chamber pressures may prevent diastolic collapse in the setting of tamponade. Conversely, extremely low intracardiac pressures may allow diastolic collapse to occur in the absence of overt cardiac tamponade. The extent and timing of the RA or RV collapse, rather than its mere occurrence, are important in the diagnosis of cardiac tamponade by echocardiography. PMID- 6233868 TI - Recanalization of occluded left main coronary artery in unstable angina pectoris. PMID- 6233869 TI - Proceedings of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Workshop on the Outcome of Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty. June 7-8, 1983 National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland. PMID- 6233870 TI - Workshop on percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. PMID- 6233871 TI - Surgical intervention for failed percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. AB - From July 1978 through April 1983, 125 patients underwent attempted PTCA at the Massachusetts General Hospital. The first 25 patients were considered to be surgical candidates after failure of the PTCA attempt regardless of the presence of acute myocardial ischemia (Group I). The subsequent 100 patients (Group II) were considered to be surgical candidates only if acute myocardial ischemia was caused by a failed PTCA attempt. Four of the Group I patients (16%) required urgent operative intervention and 7 of the Group II patients (7%) required urgent operative intervention yielding, a total of 11 patients (8.8%) of the entire group. There were no hospital deaths and only 1 MI, actually documented before cardiopulmonary bypass. Women required urgent operative intervention more frequently than men (14.7% vs 6.6%). Patients with right coronary artery lesions required urgent operative intervention more often than those with left anterior descending lesions (13.0% vs 8.0%). Factors that lead to low operative mortality and myocardial infarction rates include an available operating room and team during the PTCA attempt, systemic arterial and Swan-Ganz pulmonary artery catheter pressure measurements at the time of angioplasty, intraaortic balloon pumping at the first sign of myocardial injury and expeditious surgery. PMID- 6233872 TI - Potential for percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty before initial and repeat coronary artery bypass grafting in the Coronary Artery Surgery Study (CASS) Registry population. AB - Retrospective analysis of preoperative angiograms was conducted to determine potential candidacy for PTCA among the NHLBI Coronary Artery Surgery Study (CASS) Registry population undergoing initial and repeat CABG. Conservative criteria believed to be universally acceptable for PTCA were used. Patients were considered potential PTCA candidates if: (1) CABG had been performed to only 1 coronary artery system; (2) the critical disease was localized to the most proximal segment of that coronary artery system; (3) all distal segments of that coronary artery system were free of critical disease; and (4) the morphologic characteristics of the obstructing lesion were discrete and isolated. Left main CAD was excluded. Among persons who underwent initial CABG, 2.8% (261 of 9,369) were PTCA candidates, and 7.1% (20 of 283) of those who underwent repeat CABG were considered suitable for PTCA. The operative mortality risk of the PTCA candidates who underwent initial CABG was 0.4% (1 of 261). No PTCA candidates died during repeat CABG. Perioperative MI occurred in 2.3% (6 of 261) of the PTCA candidates who had initial CABG; none occurred among those who underwent repeat surgery. Total surgical complications occurred in 15.7% (41 of 261) of the PTCA candidates at initial CABG and in 5% (1 of 20) who had repeat CABG. These operative mortality and morbidity risks are lower than those reported for similar patients who undergo PTCA. PMID- 6233873 TI - Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty: application for acute myocardial infarction. AB - Seventy-eight of 1,000 consecutive PTCA procedures were performed in the setting of acute MI. Twenty-four of 26 patients with subtotal coronary occlusions underwent successful PTCA, including 9 patients with and 15 patients without previous intracoronary streptokinase infusions. Of 52 patients with total occlusions, PTCA was performed after reperfusion by streptokinase in 24 patients, after unsuccessful intracoronary streptokinase infusion in 6 patients and without previous thrombolytic therapy in 14 patients (27%). Six patients (7.7%) died. The immediate post-PTCA course was stable in 59 of 63 successfully dilated patients and 4 had coronary reocclusion. Late catheterization (mean 10 days) in 41 patients showed improved left ventricular function in most. At 6.5 months of follow-up, there were 9 restenoses that required PTCA, 1 reocclusion, 1 elective CABG and no deaths. PMID- 6233874 TI - Acute coronary events associated with percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. AB - Acute coronary events reported in patients enrolled in the NHLBI PTCA Registry were analyzed. Data were collected on 3,079 patients from 105 contributing centers. Coronary vascular events (dissection, occlusion, spasm, embolism, perforation or rupture) or ischemic events (MI or prolonged angina) occurred in 418 patients (13.6%). Major complications (MI), emergency surgery or death) occurred in 280 patients (67%) with acute coronary events. The most frequent events were prolonged angina, which occurred in 211 (6.8%), and MI, in 170 (5.5%). Coronary dissection, occlusion and spasm each occurred in approximately 5% of patients. Coronary embolism, perforation and rupture were rare (less than 0.2% for each). Dissection and occlusion each had a high frequency (greater than 80%) of associated major complications. A substantially lower incidence of major complications occurred in patients with isolated coronary spasm (18%) or prolonged angina (35%). Clinical and angiographic predictors for overall and specific events were identified. Coronary events occurred more frequently in women and patients with unstable angina. Eccentric lesions were associated with a higher rate of coronary events, and event rates were lower with single discrete lesions than with other types of lesions. The frequency of any coronary event, MI, prolonged angina and coronary spasm each decreased with increasing experience with PTCA. The frequency of dissection and occlusion did not change with experience. PMID- 6233875 TI - Combined intracoronary streptokinase infusion and coronary angioplasty during acute myocardial infarction. AB - PTCA was performed in 28 patients with acute MI immediately after intracoronary streptokinase administration. Indications were failure to obtain reflow in 16 patients and high-grade residual stenosis in 12. PTCA was successful in 11 of 16 cases of streptokinase failure, increasing the overall reflow rate from 66% to 77%. PTCA reduced residual coronary stenosis by more than 20% in 9 of 12 cases in which streptokinase infusion was successful, with 1 acute reocclusion. The frequency of recurrent ischemic events in hospital was 76% in patients with a stenosis of 90% or greater after streptokinase infusion (no PTCA), 14% when residual stenosis was less than 90%, and 6% after successful PTCA. Late restenosis or reocclusion was documented in 5 of 11 PTCA cases (45%). Immediate PTCA after streptokinase administration produces increased clinical stability in hospital, but late restenosis is frequent. PMID- 6233876 TI - Complex coronary angioplasty: multiple coronary dilatations. AB - Selected patients underwent PTCA of multiple stenoses in different vessels or in the same vessel. Three hundred nine patients underwent 685 PTCA procedures in various combinations of arterial and vein graft stenoses. A multiple dilatation procedure was defined as successful when all lesions attempted were successfully dilated, or when the considered-critical-stenosis was successfully dilated and this resulted in a patient clinical improvement. Angiographic success was achieved in 599 of 685 lesions attempted (87.4%) and in 285 of 309 patients (92.2%). Complications included a mortality rate of 1.0%, an MI rate of 4.2% per patient and 1.9% per lesion attempted, and a 3.6% incidence of emergency CABG. Follow-up data show that 58 patients (20.4%) had clinical evidence of a lesion recurrence, and that 92.5% (37 of 40 patients) who underwent repeat angioplasty had a successful procedure. A sustained clinical improvement was obtained in 264 of 309 patients (85.4%). The data indicate that multiple dilatations are feasible with good success rates and acceptable complication rates. Further evaluation of this extended application of PTCA is needed to clearly establish its role in the therapy of CAD. PMID- 6233877 TI - Role of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty in the treatment of unstable angina. Report from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty and Coronary Artery Surgery Study Registries. AB - The acute and long-term consequences of PTCA performed in patients with unstable angina was determined in 442 patients with 1-vessel CAD who were enrolled in the NHLBI PTCA Registry. These patients were compared with 214 similar patients in the PTCA Registry with stable angina and with 330 patients with unstable angina from the NHLBI CASS Registry who underwent CABG. The 3 groups had similar baseline characteristics. The immediate angiographic success after PTCA was not different between patients with stable and those with unstable angina. The in hospital mortality rate was 0.9% for the PTCA group with unstable angina and 0.47% for the PTCA group with stable angina. The combined 18-month mortality and MI rate was low in both groups (10.8 and 9.5%, respectively). No differences were observed in the mortality and MI rates between patients with unstable angina treated surgically or with PTCA. Both revascularization procedures markedly reduced symptoms of angina. Ninety-two percent of the PTCA group reported improvement in their angina, whereas 80% of the surgical group had a reduction in angina (p less than 0.05). The results from this observational study suggest that PTCA can be performed as safely and successfully in patients with unstable angina as in those with stable angina. PTCA compares favorably with CABG in patients with unstable angina in that the procedure is associated with low mortality and morbidity rates, while marked improvement in symptoms can be expected. Thus, PTCA could be considered an alternative to CABG in patients with unstable angina who have the appropriate anatomic characteristics. PMID- 6233878 TI - Current clinical topics: potential future uses for percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. PMID- 6233879 TI - Design of comparative clinical studies of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty using estimates from the Coronary Artery Surgery Study. AB - The design of a prospective randomized trial of PTCA is discussed. It is suggested that patients with proximal subtotal occlusion of 1 or more vessels may be candidates for such a trial. Medical therapy as a control of 1-vessel CAD, medical or surgical therapy as a control for 2-vessel CAD (with 1 dilatable vessel) cases and surgical therapy as a control for 3-vessel CAD are most congruent with current practice. Possible criteria for comparison of PTCA with a control therapy include vital status, angina with daily activities, angina upon maximal exercise testing, MI, hospitalization, work status, cost, follow-up angiographic assessment, follow-up radionuclide ventriculography, measurement of immediate anatomic or hemodynamic change during initial treatment and quality-of life indexes. These 10 measures are evaluated with respect to 9 desirable attributes for outcome criteria: the importance of the quantity measured, reproducibility, accuracy, low influence of investigator bias, low influence of subject bias, the measure is inexpensive and easy to obtain, sufficient occurrence to detect important differences, convenient to patients and measuring impairment due to disease. Examination of data from the Coronary Artery Surgery Study suggests that (1) a trial based on mortality alone is not feasible (because of a needed sample size in the thousands); (2) a trial using a combined death and/or MI end point would need approximately 1,000 cases even for patients with multivessel CAD; (3) approximately 950 patients would be needed in a trial to evaluate return to work (within 10%); (4) a trial based on pain relief (within 15% of the control group) would need 500 subjects.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6233880 TI - In-hospital mortality rate in the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty Registry. AB - Twenty-nine patients died among the first 3,079 patients enrolled in the NHLBI PTCA Registry. The overall morality rate was 0.9%; the mortality rate was 0.8% in patients with 1-vessel CAD, 1.0% in those with multivessel CAD (excluding left main CAD), and 3.8% in those with left main CAD (p less than 0.01). The in hospital morality rate was significantly higher among women (p less than 0.01), in patients older than 60 years, in patients with previous CABG (p less than 0.01), the presence of left main CAD, (p less than 0.01), in patients who required dilatation of a vein graft stenosis (p less than 0.05), and in patients who had had angina for longer than 6 months (p less than 0.01). PMID- 6233881 TI - Emergency coronary bypass surgery after coronary angioplasty: the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty Registry experience. AB - The frequency and outcome of emergency CABG for complications of PTCA in the NHLBI PTCA Registry were analyzed. Emergency surgery was performed in 202 patients (6.6%). The most frequent indications for emergency operation were coronary dissection in 46%, coronary occlusion in 20%, prolonged angina in 14% and coronary spasm in 11%. Emergency surgery was most often necessary in patients in whom lesions could not be reached or traversed, but more than 25% of patients who required emergency surgery had initially successful dilatation followed by abrupt reclosure of the vessel. The mortality rate with emergency CABG was 6.4%, and nonfatal MI occurred in 41% of patients, with Q waves developing in approximately 60% of patients with MI. However, 53% of patients managed with emergency CABG for severe ischemic events with PTCA did not have evidence of MI or die and had an uncomplicated postoperative course. No baseline clinical predictors of emergency surgery were identified. Lesion eccentricity was associated with a significant increase in frequency of emergency operation, and the incidence of emergency surgery declined with increasing experience with PTCA. PMID- 6233883 TI - Historical background of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Registry for Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty. PMID- 6233882 TI - Long-term efficacy of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA): report from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute PTCA Registry. AB - The NHLBI PTCA Registry has collected data from 3,079 patients who underwent PTCA at 105 centers from September 1977 through September 1981 that document the initial risks and benefits of PTCA. A subgroup of 2,272 patients at 65 centers was chosen to examine the long-term effects of PTCA (97% follow-up). All patients were followed for 1 year, 191 for 3 years and 57 for 4 years. Initial success occurred in 1,397 (61%), and 72% remained improved at 1 year with no further procedures; during the first year of follow-up, 14% had repeat PTCA, 12% had CABG, 3% had MI and 1.6% died. After 1 year, 67% were asymptomatic; of these, 52% had no other procedure, 7% had a second PTCA and 8% had CABG. Follow-up at 2 to 4 years was similar except that there were few repeat PTCA or CABG procedures after 1 year. The annual mortality rate after PTCA in patients with 1-vessel diseases was less than 1% per year and with multivessel CAD, 3% per year. Thus, successful PTCA alone results in sustained improvement in 84% of patients; 59% were asymptomatic (12% had repeat PTCA). PTCA offers extended effective therapy in selected patients with CAD. PMID- 6233884 TI - Efficacy of repeat percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty for coronary restenosis. AB - The short- and long-term outcome of patients within the NHLBI PTCA Registry who underwent repeat PTCA for coronary restenosis were analyzed. Of 1,880 patients in whom an initial PTCA was successful, 203 had a repeat PTCA attempted after restenosis developed. Repeat PTCA was usually performed within 6 months of the first procedure. The success rate of repeat PTCA was 85.2%. As a direct result of repeat PTCA, 1.5% of patients had an MI and 2% required emergency CABG. No patient died as a result of the attempted second procedure. One to 3 years of follow-up information was available in 94% of eligible patients. Most patients (75.9%) did not have a subsequent (third) PTCA, CABG or an MI. The late mortality rate was 0.8%. Angiographic follow-up information was available in 62 patients. Sustained enhancement of the diameter of the redilated lesion was observed in 66%. Thus, repeat PTCA has a high success and a low complication rate. Most patients did not have subsequent restenosis and are free of angina. Hence, repeat PTCA should be recommended for patients who have restenosis and should be considered as an integral component of PTCA therapy. PMID- 6233885 TI - Exercise, electrocardiographic and functional responses after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. AB - Exercise testing after successful PTCA showed improved cardiac functional status on examination of electrocardiographic and symptomatic responses, myocardial perfusion and global and regional left ventricular function. Sixty-six patients were studied before and after persistently successful PTCA. Follow-up studies an average of 8 months after the successful procedure showed an incidence of abnormal testing of only 7% using both electrocardiographic and subjective symptomatic criteria during treadmill studies and no abnormal studies with thallium scintigraphy. Radionuclide cineangiography demonstrated similar left ventricular ejection fractions at rest before and after PTCA, but an improvement of 9 +/- 10% (p less than 0.001) in the exercise ejection fraction at follow-up. However, 52% of patients with paired data still had an abnormal radionuclide cineangiographic study after successful PTCA, raising the question of the presence of subclinical ischemia or a false-positive result. PMID- 6233886 TI - Early and late morphologic changes in major epicardial coronary arteries after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. AB - Certain clinical and morphologic observations are described in 4 men who had PTCA of the left anterior descending coronary artery early (4 hours) or late (80, 90 and 150 days) before sudden death. Histologically, each of the 4 patients had the site of PTCA narrowed 76 to 95% in cross-sectional area by atherosclerotic plaque. The early PTCA patient had coronary artery dissection at the site of PTCA. Each of the 3 late PTCA patients had a decrease in the mean transstenotic coronary gradient (17, 38 and 43 mm Hg) and an angiographic increase in the left anterior descending coronary artery luminal diameter (55, 60 and 65%) at the time of PTCA. At necropsy, 80, 90 and 150 days later, the LAD coronary artery in the area of the PTCA in each patient was narrowed 76 to 95% in cross-sectional area by plaques. No cracks in plaques or other lesions that may have resulted from PTCA were identified histologically in the left anterior descending coronary artery in any late PTCA patient. PMID- 6233887 TI - Return to work after coronary angioplasty: a report from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty Registry. AB - Employment status was analyzed in 2,250 patients enrolled at 65 clinical centers in the NHLBI PTCA Registry. Patients were classified into 3 groups depending on the outcome of PTCA. In 63.6%, PTCA was successful without MI or CABG (Group A); in 25.3%, PTCA was unsuccessful and was followed by CABG (Group B); and in 11.1%, PTCA was unsuccessful and was followed by medical therapy alone (Group C). At entry, 68.3% of all patients were employed full- or part-time. The clinical characteristics of the 3 groups were different. Patients in Group C had a higher incidence of previous MI and previous CABG. In addition, patients in Group C had a significantly decreased baseline employment rate compared with those in Group A. At a mean follow-up of 1.5 years, there was a small but similar decrease in the percentage employed full- or part-time in all groups. Employment status also was analyzed in a subset of 1,150 patients working full- or part-time at baseline and aged 60 years or younger, who would be expected to have the highest return to work rates. At a mean follow-up of 1.4 years, 81 to 86% of patients remained working irrespective of the outcome of PTCA. However, patients with successful PTCA returned to work significantly sooner. The occurrence of chest pain during follow-up in these patients was an important predictor of return to work, irrespective of the outcome of dilatation. In patients with chest pain during follow-up, only 77% were working, compared with 90% of patients who had not had chest pain. PMID- 6233888 TI - Relative cost of coronary angioplasty and bypass surgery in a one-vessel disease model. AB - A national study was carried out to determine the relative costs of PTCA and CABG. Baseline clinical criteria for the 2 groups were similar. Data were collected in 186 sets for the PTCA group and 175 sets for the CABG group. Male patients make up 81% of the PTCA group and 80% of the CABG group. Mean hospital stay was 12 +/- 5 days in the CABG group, compared with 4 +/- 2 days in the PTCA group (p less than 0.001). The base charges for hospital and professional components of the CABG procedure were $15,580 +/- $2,159, whereas the same charges for the PTCA procedure were $5,315 +/- $2,159 (p less than 0.001). With an 80% primary success rate, which was the group mean success rate, the average dollar savings per PTCA procedure would be $7,149, or $7,149,000 per 1,000 cases. Thus, PTCA for revascularization in 1-vessel CAD is significantly more cost effective than CABG in the short term. PMID- 6233889 TI - Effect of investigator experience on percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. AB - The NHLBI PTCA Registry collected clinical data on 3,101 PTCA procedures performed at 105 clinical centers between September 1977 and September 1981. To investigate the "learning curve" from introduction through the early application of this new therapy for revascularization, success rates and complication rates were examined by calendar year and according to investigator experience. Success rates improved by calendar year, from 54% in 1979 to 66% in 1981. Investigators with fewer than 50 cases had a success rate of 55%. After an investigator had performed 150 procedures, the success rate was 77%. The increase in success rate was largely the result of a dramatic increase in the ability to cross the narrowing with the catheter, and was accounted for by experience and improved equipment. Patient selection for PTCA was characterized by sex, age, previous CABG, number of diseased coronary arteries and stable Canadian Heart classification over time. Reflecting the increase in the success rate was the decrease in the need to perform elective CABG. Emergency CABG, death and MI rates were low (1% mortality, 5% nonfatal MI) and did not change significantly with time or with investigator experience. PMID- 6233890 TI - Learning curve for percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty: skill, technology or patient selection. AB - As with all sophisticated techniques, operators who perform PTCA show a learning curve. It can best be visualized by observing changes in success rate with growing numbers of patients. Thus, the current success rate and complication rate of a particular operator may permit an estimate of the accumulated number of patients treated by that operator. Most likely, the learning curve is also reflected in the rate of long-term success, although it may be obscured by other factors in the variable natural course of CAD. The initial steep upslope of the learning curve is mainly caused by the growing skill of the particular operator. The later, flatter part appears to be secondary to improvements in technical equipment, which take more time. Patient selection has 2 effects on the learning curve that may be self-compensating. If lessons from the past are used for selection and conservatism is preserved, the learning curve will become more pronounced. PMID- 6233891 TI - Mechanism of transluminal angioplasty. AB - Experimental studies of transluminal angioplasty in atherosclerotic animal models as well as in human postmortem arteries all have shown that splitting of the atheromatous plaque occurs during angioplasty. Histologic sections of human arteries that were studied after successful angioplasty done in vivo also have shown splitting of the atheromatous plaque. The split may extend down to the internal elastic membrane. As the angioplasty balloon becomes fully inflated, the elastic media and adventitia stretch to conform to the outer diameter of the expanded balloon. Damage to medial cells may occur and may be important in keeping the artery dilated after the balloon is deflated and withdrawn. The "healing" process of the atheromatous plaque after angioplasty is poorly understood. Whether there is metabolic dissolution of atheromatous material or whether there is fibrous retraction of the atheromatous plaque against the dilated arterial wall is not known. Further studies are needed to elucidate the late changes after angioplasty. PMID- 6233892 TI - Baseline characteristics of patients in the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty Registry. AB - The efficacy of PTCA was evaluated in several subgroups of patients. Of special clinical interest were the comparisons between subgroups of patients with multivessel disease vs 1-vessel disease, unstable angina vs stable angina, older age vs younger age, and female sex vs male sex. As a prerequisite for such comparisons, baseline characteristics of patients in the subgroups were examined. Compared with the subgroup with 1-vessel CAD, the subgroup with multivessel CAD had more elderly patients (age 65 years and older) and more of these patients had previous MI or CABG. PTCA was more often unsuccessful in patients with multivessel CAD because of inability to pass the catheter across the lesion. The subgroup of women tended to be older than men, and more women had severe and unstable angina, although fewer had multivessel CAD, previous MI or previous CABG. The PTCA success rate was 5% lower in women because of a greater frequency of inability to pass the lesion. Compared with younger patients, older patients had a higher prevalence of severe angina, multivessel CAD and lesions with larger diameters. The older patients had a 5% lower PTCA success rate, once again because of a greater frequency of inability to pass the lesion. The learning experience with PTCA was measured by the overall success rate as well as by the rate of ability to pass the lesion and the rate of dilating it once it was passed. These rates improved significantly by the investigators' case accumulations and independently by calendar year. Multivariate prediction of crossing the lesion and of overall success showed that favorable lesion characteristics and increasing physician experience were more important than the patient characteristics just discussed, although both female sex and multivessel CAD remained significant independent risk factors. PMID- 6233893 TI - Effect of antiplatelet therapy on restenosis after experimental angioplasty. AB - Restenosis is recognized as a common complication of PTCA and can limit the long term benefit of this procedure. To study the effect of antiplatelet agents in preventing restenosis, 25 New Zealand rabbits had bilateral iliac stenoses created by balloon deendothelialization and a 2% cholesterol diet for 6 weeks. After angiographic delineation of the iliac atherosclerosis, successful angioplasty was performed in all rabbits, with an average increase in luminal diameter of 0.9 mm (81%). Seven rabbits received aspirin (32 mg/day) plus dipyridamole (25 mg/day) and 9 received sulfinpyrazone (100 mg/day); 9 were given no antiplatelet drugs and served as controls. After 4 weeks of drug therapy and a continued atherogenic diet, angiography was repeated and the rabbits were killed for histologic examination. The angiographic luminal diameter was similar for these groups both before and immediately after angioplasty. However, the luminal diameter 4 weeks later was significantly larger in both the aspirin plus dipyridamole and the sulfinpyrazone groups compared with the control rabbits (1.3 +/- 0.6 and 1.8 +/- 0.5 mm vs 0.7 +/- 0.6 mm, respectively, p less than 0.05). Histologic examination revealed intraluminal clot in 4 of 9 control rabbits and in none of the drug-treated rabbits. Also, less intimal thickening was evident. In conclusion, aspirin plus dipyridamole and sulfinpyrazone inhibited angiographic restenosis after transluminal angioplasty in this experimental model. These findings support the use of antiplatelet agents in clinical angioplasty and suggest that platelet aggregation at the angioplasty site may promote restenosis. PMID- 6233895 TI - Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) in patients with relative contraindications: results of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute PTCA Registry. AB - The effects of relative contraindications on the immediate results of PTCA were investigated in 1,939 patients, and on long-term results in 998 patients with isolated stenosis of 1 coronary artery. Immediate results subjected to analysis were: success rate, major complications (coronary occlusion, MI and death) and emergency CABG. The analysis of long-term results included: status of angina pectoris, occurrence of MI, restenosis, repeat PTCA, CABG and death. Unstable angina and previous MI had no negative effects on immediate results, whereas a significantly lower success rate was noted in patients with angina for more than 1 year compared to patients with angina of shorter duration (p less than 0.05) and patients older than 60 years compared with younger patients (p less than 0.01). During follow-up, patients with unstable angina had higher CABG rate (p less than 0.01); the other relative clinical contraindications to PTCA did not exert adverse effects. Angiographically, there was a lower immediate success rate in patients with nonproximal stenosis (p less than 0.001) and in patients with calcium in the affected artery (p less than 0.01) and at the site of stenosis (p less than 0.001). Patients with tubular or diffuse stenoses had similar success rates but higher rates of complications, excluding death, than those with discrete stenoses (p less than 0.01). Patients with eccentric stenoses had a lower success rate and a higher rate of complications and emergency CABG than patients with concentric stenoses (p less than 0.001 for all 3 variables).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6233894 TI - Restenosis after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA): a report from the PTCA Registry of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. AB - The results of follow-up angiography in patients from 27 clinical centers enrolled in the PTCA Registry were analyzed to evaluate restenosis after PTCA. Of 665 patients with successful PTCA, 557 (84%) had follow-up angiography (median follow-up 188 days). Restenosis, defined as an increase of at least 30% from the immediate post-PTCA stenosis to the follow-up stenosis or a loss of at least 50% of the gain achieved at PTCA, was seen in 187 patients (33.6%). The incidence of restenosis in patients who underwent follow-up angiography was highest within the first 5 months after PTCA. Restenosis was found in 56% of patients with definite or probable angina after PTCA and in 14% of patients without angina after PTCA. Twenty-four percent of patients with restenosis did not have either definite or probable angina. Multivariate analysis selected 4 factors associated with increased rate of restenosis: male sex, PTCA of bypass graft stenosis, severity of angina before PTCA and no history of MI before PTCA. PMID- 6233896 TI - Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) in the elderly patient: experience in the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute PTCA Registry. AB - Because CABG results in a significantly higher morbidity and prolonged hospitalization in the older patient group, PTCA is an attractive alternative for providing myocardial revascularization in the small group of older patients with appropriate lesions for dilation. This analysis of the results of PTCA in 370 older patients in the NHLBI PTCA Registry reveals that PTCA can be performed with acceptably low mortality and morbidity. Therefore, PTCA may offer an alternative to CABG in the highly selected symptomatic older patient. PMID- 6233897 TI - Current status of dilatation catheters and guiding systems. AB - Both balloon catheters and guiding catheters for PTCA are high-quality instruments with an advanced degree of reliability and practicality. The standard set-up at Emory University consists of a steerable 3.0-mm balloon catheter and a Judkins-type guiding catheter. PMID- 6233898 TI - Advances in guidewire technology. AB - Since the introduction in 1979 of a movable guidewire system for PTCA, significant advances have been made in guidewire technology that have improved primary success rates and reduced complications with the use of this system. Coronary stenoses in distal sites or in branch vessels with abrupt angulations can now routinely be reached and crossed with newer-generation guidewires . This report concentrates on the evolution of advances in guidewire technology and outlines changes in guidewire design that have allowed for improved efficacy and safety with the movable wire system. Appropriate cases are presented to illustrate the advantages of available guidewires . PMID- 6233899 TI - Current status of dilatation catheters and guiding systems. AB - New transluminal angioplasty catheters based upon the linear extrusion of the dilating element have been developed to facilitate placement of the dilating balloon within the arterial narrowing. In a multicenter study, the use of linear extrusion catheters has been shown to be safe and effective in adjunctive intraoperative peripheral dilatations. Physical measurements of the frictional forces exerted on the inner arterial surfaces during advancement of 3 angioplasty catheter designs show that the linear extrusion catheter consistently minimizes these forces. The use of a secondary guiding sheath in conjunction with a linear extrusion catheter provides additional directional capability. A secondary guiding sheath with a side port has recently been developed that allows access to difficult-to-cannulate vessels. The favorable results of the clinical studies and research data justify an ongoing evaluation of these concepts in percutaneous dilatation procedures and in intraoperative coronary procedures. PMID- 6233900 TI - Vascular changes of endometrium in early pregnancy. AB - Spiral arteries, from curetted endometrium, of first-trimester pregnancies, were examined in 342 consecutive cases, comprising 150 primigravida and 192 multigravida . Vascular changes, similar to the "acute atherosis ," described at the end of pregnancy in preeclamptic women, were found. Primigravida had a statistically higher incidence of vascular changes than multigravida . The light microscopic changes were those of intimal proliferation with the presence of foam cells. These intimal cells were mostly myofibroblasts. Mucopolysaccharides also were found in the intima by both light microscopy and ultrastructural studies. The possible importance of the finding of vascular changes in spiral arteries in early pregnancy is discussed. PMID- 6233901 TI - Abnormal T-cell subsets and mitogen responses in hemophiliacs exposed to factor concentrate. AB - The acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) has been reported in hemophiliacs . We examined lymphocyte numbers and functions in 28 patients with hemophilia and 16 healthy adults. Healthy hemophiliacs who had received fewer than 150 commercial factor concentrate (CFC) infusions had normal T-cell numbers, T-cell subsets, and mitogen responses. Healthy hemophiliacs who had received more than 250 CFC infusions had a decreased number of Leu 3+ "helper" T cells, a decreased Leu 3-Leu 2 ratio, and decreased pokeweed mitogen responses. Hemophiliacs who had received greater than 250 CFC infusions and who had persistent lymphadenopathy had decreased Leu 3+ cells, increased Leu 2+ "suppressor" T cells, a decreased Leu 3-Leu 2 ratio, and decreased phytohemagglutinin responses. Abnormal results of T-cell studies were found in 67% of healthy hemophiliacs who had a high degree of CFC exposure and 100% of clinically abnormal hemophiliacs. These findings suggest that hemophiliacs are at risk for the development of the immunologic changes that characterize AIDS and that this risk is related to CFC exposure. PMID- 6233903 TI - Local neurotoxicity of methyl methacrylate among dental technicians. AB - Dental technicians often handle methyl methacrylate bare-handed before the polymerization reaction, and the monomer can penetrate the skin during the process. Nerve conduction velocities were determined in 20 dental technicians who had slight neurological complaints and in 18 healthy control persons. The motor and sensory conduction velocities in the forearm sections were normal and similar in both the study and the control group. Dental technicians had significantly slower distal sensory conduction velocities from the digits I, II and III on the right hand and also from the radial aspects of the digits II and III on the left hand than did the controls. Findings are considered to represent mild axonal degeneration on the areas with the closest and most frequent contact with methyl methacrylate. PMID- 6233902 TI - Huntington disease: genetics and epidemiology. AB - Huntington disease (HD) is an autosomal dominant disorder in which the major gene expression occurs in the central nervous system. It is characterized by the appearance of progressive chorea and dementia, usually in adult life. One tragic aspect of the disorder, due to its late age of onset and, until recently, lack of a presymptomatic marker, is that transmission of the disease to offspring invariably occurs before symptoms develop in the parent. Although the onset of symptoms and the rate of progression may vary, the prognosis is one of relentless deterioration. The major pathological features of HD are a primary loss of cells in the caudate nucleus and putamen (striatum) but other regions of the basal ganglia, hypothalamus, and brain stem are also involved. Not only is there neuronal loss but there is also a decrease in the level of a number of neurotransmitters and associated enzymes, together with abnormalities in some receptor sites. Martin [1] described the disease as "genetically programmed cell death in the human central nervous system." PMID- 6233904 TI - Ventricular performance in rats with myocardial infarction and failure. AB - Ventricular performance was assessed in rats three weeks following coronary artery ligation and the subsequent production of a wide range of infarct sizes. The entire spectrum of ventricular dysfunction was observed, from minimal impairment to overt congestive heart failure. Rats with small infarcts ejected normal baseline and volume-stressed forward outputs from a modestly dilated ventricular chamber. Rats with moderate infarcts exhibited normal baseline hemodynamics but had a reduced reserve flow capacity when challenged with a volume load despite considerable ventricular dilatation. Rats with large infarcts demonstrated frank congestive heart failure with elevations in both left and right ventricular filling pressures and consequent right ventricular hypertrophy; marked reductions in both baseline and volume-stressed forward outputs; and ventricular volumes that were twice those of rats without infarcts. Thus, a progressive impairment in ventricular performance and an increase in chamber volume occurred in relation to infarct size in rats with healed myocardial infarction. PMID- 6233905 TI - Funding health services for children. AB - This paper reviews major federal laws that have helped raise a consciousness in this country for increasing availability of health care services for handicapped and chronically ill children, and have authorized financial assistance for these services. This review is intended to provide a basic understanding of these key statutes so that they can be used to expand available occupational therapy services. Private health insurance is also reviewed since approximately one-third of all health care costs for children is reimbursed by this source. PMID- 6233907 TI - [Setting reactions of composite resins--heat of polymerization studied by isothermal DSC measurement (part 1)]. PMID- 6233906 TI - Evidence for a role of hydroxyl radical in immune-complex-induced vasculitis. AB - Previously it was shown that tissue injury occurring in acute immune-complex induced vasculitis, which is complement and neutrophil-dependent, is significantly attenuated by the presence of catalase, suggesting the pathogenic role of H2O2 generated from activated neutrophils. We now show that significant protection is also afforded by pretreatment of animals with apolactoferrin , a naturally occurring chelator of iron. Iron-saturated lactoferrin is devoid of protective effects. Deferoxamine mesylate, a synthetic iron chelator, also has protective effects. Infusion of ionic iron, especially Fe(III), potentiates the tissue injury. Significant protection from tissue injury is also produced by treatment of rats with dimethyl sulfoxide, a potent hydroxyl radical scavenger. Morphologically, animals treated with these protective interventions show the influx of neutrophils into sites of immune complex deposition, but there is markedly attenuated edema, little or no hemorrhage, and little evidence of endothelial cell injury, in contrast to the findings in nonprotected animals. These data support the suggestion that immune-complex-induced injury may be linked to generation of H2O2 from activated neutrophils and the subsequent conversion of H2O2 to the hydroxyl radical. PMID- 6233908 TI - [The management of handicapped children. 2: Relation between dental cooperation and social maturation]. PMID- 6233909 TI - The acneform eruption of Apert's syndrome is not acne vulgaris. PMID- 6233910 TI - Rhinophyma. A master's depiction, a patron's affliction. PMID- 6233912 TI - Skin reactions to the newer non-depolarising neuromuscular blocking drugs. PMID- 6233911 TI - Anaesthesia and severe skin disease. AB - A review of the anaesthetic management of severe skin disease is presented. Erythroderma, urticaria pigmentosa, hereditary angioedema, epidermolysis bullosa, pemphigus, pemphigoid, the Stevens-Johnson syndrome, Behcet's syndrome, scleroderma, Ehlers-Danlos syndrome and congenital anhidrotic ectodermal defect are discussed. PMID- 6233914 TI - Dispersion of protein solutions in short, open capillary tubes as a method for rapid molecular weight determination. AB - A method has been developed by which the molecular weight of proteins and other freely diffusing species can be estimated on the basis of chromatographic peak shapes developed by injection of a sample into an open capillary tube in a liquid chromatography system. In chromatographic peaks obtained from such a system, there are contributions from both convection and diffusion. Thus, peak shape is dependent upon the diffusion coefficient of the molecular species, the flow rate, and the length of the capillary tube. In the work reported here it has been found that for samples of different proteins ranging from 2000 to 14,000 molecular weight, each injected at the same mobile phase flow rate, the ratio (R) of h1, the height of the peak primarily due to convection, to h2, the height of the "makeup" peak, primarily due to diffusion from the capillary wall, is a direct measure of protein molecular weight. Linear plots of R vs molecular weight are obtained under certain conditions. PMID- 6233913 TI - Fractionation and isolation of heparan sulfates using poly-L-lysine-Sepharose. AB - A simple procedure for the isolation of heparan sulfates from pig lung using a poly-L-lysine-Sepharose column is described. Glycosaminoglycans are absorbed on poly-L-lysine-Sepharose at pH 7.5 and eluted with an NaCl linear gradient in the following order: hyaluronic acid (0.32 M NaCl), chondroitin (0.36 M NaCl), keratan sulfate (0.80 M NaCl), chondroitin 4-sulfate (0.86 M NaCl), chondroitin 6 sulfate (0.95 M NaCl), dermatan sulfate (0.91 M NaCl), heparan sulfate (1.2 M NaCl), and heparin (1.35 M NaCl). Based on these observations, isolation of heparan sulfate from pig lung crude heparan sulfate fractions which contain chondroitin sulfates and dermatan sulfate was attempted, using this chromatographic technique. PMID- 6233916 TI - Large-scale isolation of the Neurospora plasma membrane H+-ATPase. AB - A method for the purification of relatively large quantities of the Neurospora crassa plasma membrane proton translocating ATPase is described. Cells of the cell wall-less sl strain of Neurospora grown under O2 to increase cell yields are treated with concanavalin A to stabilize the plasma membrane and homogenized in deoxycholate, and the resulting lysate is centrifuged at 13,500g. The pellet obtained consists almost solely of concanavalin A-stabilized plasma membrane sheets greatly enriched in the H+-ATPase. After removal of the bulk of the concanavalin A by treatment of the sheets with alpha-methylmannoside, the membranes are treated with lysolecithin, which preferentially extracts the H+ ATPase. Purification of the lysolecithin-solubilized ATPase by glycerol density gradient sedimentation yields approximately 50 mg of enzyme that is 91% free of other proteins as judged by quantitative densitometry of Coomassie blue-stained gels. The specific activity of the enzyme at this stage is about 33 mumol of P1 released/min/mg of protein at 30 degrees C. A second glycerol density gradient sedimentation step yields ATPase that is about 97% pure with a specific activity of about 35. For chemical studies or other investigations that do not require catalytically active ATPase, virtually pure enzyme can be prepared by exclusion chromatography of the sodium dodecyl sulfate-disaggregated, gradient-purified ATPase on Sephacryl S-300. PMID- 6233915 TI - Sarcoplasmic reticulum from flounder muscle having improved lipid peroxidative activity. AB - A procedure for the isolation of sarcoplasmic reticulum from winter flounder (Pseudopleuronectes americanus) resulted in a fraction with a specific activity of lipid peroxidation two to three times that of previous preparations. In addition, good stability of the NADH-dependent lipid peroxidative activity was achieved. There appeared to be minimal contamination of the preparation with lysosomes and mitochondria. The flounder sarcoplasmic reticulum was highly active with respect to ATPase and calcium uptake. The membrane fraction contained 43% lipid and 57% protein; 60% of the lipids were phospholipids. Phosphatidylcholine was the major phospholipid present. PMID- 6233917 TI - Comparison of intramuscular and epidural morphine for postoperative analgesia in the grossly obese: influence on postoperative ambulation and pulmonary function. AB - In a randomized double-blind study of thirty grossly obese patients undergoing gastroplasty for weight reduction, the effects of intramuscular and epidural morphine were compared as regards analgesia, ambulation, gastrointestinal motility, early and late pulmonary function, duration of hospitalization, and occurrence of deep vein thrombosis in the postoperative period. The patients were operated on under thoracic epidural block combined with light endotracheal anesthesia. A six-grade scale was devised to quantify postoperative mobilization. A radioactive isotope method using 99mTc -plasmin was employed to detect postoperative deep vein thrombosis. For 14 hr after the first analgesic injection, respiratory frequency was noted every 15 min and arterial blood gases were measured hourly. Peak expiratory flow was recorded daily until the patient was discharged from hospital. Spirometry was performed the day before and the day after surgery. Plasma concentrations of morphine were measured after both intramuscular and epidural administration. Both intramuscular and epidural morphine gave effective analgesia, but the average dose of intramuscular morphine was up to seven times greater than that required by the epidural route. A larger number of patients receiving epidural morphine postoperatively were able to sit, stand, or walk unassisted within 6, 12, and 24 hr, respectively. Being alert and more mobile as a result of superior postoperative analgesia from epidural morphine, patients in this group benefited more from vigorous physiotherapy routine, which resulted in fewer pulmonary complications. Furthermore, earlier postoperative recovery of peak expiratory flow and bowel function presumably contributed to a significantly shorter hospitalization in patients receiving epidural morphine. There was no evidence of prolonged respiratory depression in this high-risk category of patients. The 99mTc -plasmin tests revealed no significant difference between the two groups. PMID- 6233918 TI - Anesthesia in an NMR scanner. PMID- 6233919 TI - [Role of the kallikrein-kininogen-kinin system in the inflammatory reaction and septic shock]. AB - Kinins, which are vasodilatory, permeability-increasing, pain-producing polypeptides, are formed from inactive precursors: kininogens. Their actions make kinins a particularly powerful potential pro-inflammatory factor. However the absence of specific antagonists has so far made it impossible to ascribe them a definite role in inflammation. Two studies of experimental endotoxemia in burns patients, septicemia and septic shock have demonstrated the following facts: activation occurs of specific ( pKK ) and non-specific (plasminogen-plasmin system) kininogenases , K-HMW and K-LMW levels are significantly decreased. Kininogen consumption corresponds to increased BDK production. This would therefore appear to be one of the humoral factors responsible for haemodynamic changes. Though measurement of kininogen levels is still a painstaking process, the development of chromogenic substrates has made pKK and KK measurement simple and fast. Once they have been validated physico-pathologically in a large number of patients, such assays should take their place among the diagnostic weapons of clinical biology at the disposal of clinicians. PMID- 6233920 TI - Anthelmintic activities of ivermectin against immature and adult Dictyocaulus viviparus. AB - Eighteen calves about 3 months old were inoculated with 3,000 Dictyocaulus viviparus infective larvae. Three groups of 6 calves each were formed. Thirteen days after inoculations, 3 of the 6 group 1 control calves were given vehicle subcutaneously (SC) and the group 2 calves were given ivermectin at the dose rate of 200 micrograms/kg, SC. Thirty-five days after inoculation, the remaining 3 calves in group 1 were given vehicle SC and the group 3 calves were given ivermectin at the dose rate of 200 micrograms/kg, SC. Necropsies were performed 42 days after inoculations. A total of 474 D viviparus was recovered from the group 1 control calves, whereas none was recovered from the calves treated when the nematodes were in the 4th stage of development (group 2) or adult stage (group 3). PMID- 6233921 TI - Hepatitis B vaccine in health care personnel: safety, immunogenicity, and indicators of efficacy. AB - In a double-blind trial, we randomly assigned 1330 high-risk health care personnel to receive three 20-micrograms doses of hepatitis B vaccine or placebo. Among vaccine recipients 58% responded within 1 month and 97% within 9 months; there was no difference in immune response to the vaccine between men and women. Efficacy was evaluated after a mean follow-up of only 13.2 months, just before the vaccine was released commercially. Five hepatitis B infections were identified in placebo recipients and one in a vaccine recipient. Although the number of infections was too small to allow confident conclusions about protective efficacy of the vaccine, we saw a 67% reduction in the need for hepatitis B immune globulin after accidental hepatitis B inoculation in the vaccine group (relative risk, 5.08; 95% confidence intervals, 1.3 to 19.9). Minor side effects occurred with equal frequency after vaccine (28.7%) and placebo (27.2%) injections; no participant had a severe adverse reaction. Vaccination with the 20-micrograms hepatitis B vaccine was highly immunogenic and safe in health care workers. PMID- 6233922 TI - Shear-induced collisions between human blood cells. PMID- 6233923 TI - Interaction of phagocytes with other blood cells and with pathogenic and nonpathogenic microbes. AB - Owing to the high surface tension of blood cells and to the equally high surface tension of their liquid habitat, the Hamaker coefficients A131 of blood cells (subscript 1) in blood (subscript 3), are unusually small; they are of the order of 0.25 to 2.5 X 10(-16) ergs. The very small van der Waals attractions such low Hamaker coefficients give rise to, coupled to the medium low but still sizable negative xi-potentials (-11 to -18 mV) of the cells, which cause an appreciable mutual electrostatic repulsion between blood cells, have been used to elaborate potential energy vs. distance diagrams, which closely reflect the unusual stability of blood cells in blood. When bacteria find their way into the bloodstream, they initially form an almost equally stable suspension. However, relatively hydrophobic nonpathogenic bacteria quickly aspecifically adsorb immunoglobulin G (IgG) molecules from blood serum, whilst hydrophilic pathogenic bacteria sooner or later also become coated with specific antibody molecules of the IgG-class. Through receptor sites on the surface of phagocytic blood cells, which can specifically bind to the Fc tails of IgG molecules, bacteria are first bound and then removed from the blood circulation and surrounding tissues. These Fc-receptor bonds presumably also are of a combined van der Waals and electrostatic nature. Thus in the normal course of events and by purely physicochemical mechanisms, phagocytic leukocytes will neither interfere with other leukocytes nor with any other blood cells, whilst they specifically interact with microorganisms and other unwanted foreign particles via IgG-IgG receptor interactions. Also discussed, in the light of the principles elaborated above, are: some of the antiphagocytic mechanisms developed by certain pathogenic bacteria; the phagocytic disposal of aged, weak, or abnormal blood cells; and the role played by immunoglobulins other than IgG, and by complement, in the removal of bacteria and viruses. PMID- 6233924 TI - Fibrin gels and their possible implication for surface hemorheology in health and disease. PMID- 6233925 TI - The biological activity of antithrombotic agents immobilized on polymer surfaces. PMID- 6233926 TI - Carbonic anhydrase activity in stria vascularis and dark cells in vestibular labyrinth. AB - Carbonic anhydrase activity was demonstrated ultracytochemically in the dark cells of the vestibular labyrinth and in the stria vascularis of the guinea pig. Reaction products were found both in the dark cells and in the stria vascularis. Localization of carbonic anhydrase was very similar between the dark cells and the intermediate cells, but the marginal cells had a different localization pattern. In both the dark cells and the intermediate cells, the reaction products were deposited in the cytoplasm, especially in the infoldings. In the marginal cells, carbonic anhydrase activity was observed on the lateral plasma membrane of the apical area and in a few apical vesicles, but was not detected in the infoldings of the deep portion. Reaction products were also observed in the intercellular spaces between the marginal cells. No reaction products were observed in the basal cells and transition cells. Carbonic anhydrase activity was observed in the cytoplasm of capillary endothelial cells and the fibrocytes of the spiral ligament. It is considered that carbonic anhydrase may play a major role in water and electrolyte transport in both the dark cells and stria vascularis. PMID- 6233927 TI - [A syndrome of hyper-IgE and recurrent infections. Developmental variants? A familial study]. AB - The first patient suffered from a very severe atopic dermatitis with intense pruritus and thickened skin. He had also recurrent infections, particularly related to Staphylococcus coagulase +, and axillary and inguinal lymphodermopathy. The use of tetracosactide given intramuscularly allowed controlling the evolution of his atopic dermatitis. After several months of treatment, the skin became less infiltrated, lymphodermopathy disappeared and no severe infection had happened. The second patient had a less severe atopic dermatitis and recurrent infections without any particular severity. Topical corticosteroids allowed to control the atopic dermatitis. These two patients had high levels of circulating IgE and an important deficiency of polymorphonuclear chemotaxis which was evaluated by migration through boyden room. Study of the family showed atopic manifestations in several members, but with lower levels of IgE. The most characteristic abnormality of this syndrome is the according to considerable increase of IgE. The deficit in polymorphonuclear chemotaxis may vary according to time and even become normal. The prognosis over long periods remains to be determined. PMID- 6233928 TI - [Cyproterone acetate (2 mg) controversy]. PMID- 6233929 TI - [A special type of mechanical acne: fiddler's neck dermatitis]. AB - Seven cases of trauma-induced dermatitis of the neck, are described. They were all the result of violin playing (Fiddler's neck). The histological, clinical and the therapeutic characteristics of our cases are similar to those of mechanical acne. PMID- 6233930 TI - [Antiandrogens and acne]. AB - One hundred forty-four patients with acne, in most cases severe, were treated with cyproterone acetate, either at low dose ( Diane : 2 mg daily for 21 days), or at high dose ( Androcur : 50-100 mg daily for 10 days) in an inversed sequential schedule according to Hammerstein . The comparison between the two groups of patients exhibits an highly significant difference in favour of Androcur , as well on seborrhea as on comedones and eruptions, whatever the dose (50 or 100 mg); similarly, the results of Androcur were the same with or without topical treatment (Tretinoin or Benzoyl peroxide). The tolerance was equally good in the two groups. PMID- 6233931 TI - [Kindler syndrome. Case report with ultrastructure study]. AB - A case is reported of a 20 year-old man who had progressive poikiloderma, cutaneous atrophy, plantar keratosis, and, from birth, blister formation regressive in infancy. Ultrastructural study performed on poikilodermic and atrophic lesions showed that dermoepidermal "clefts" or " vacuolizations " observed in optical microscopy did correspond to a cleavage between lamina densa and undamaged basal cells membrane. Sixty cases of congenital poikiloderma with blisters and keratosis have been reviewed in the literature; 13 out of these, are as the present case, similar to the original observation of Th. Kindler ; the common clinical features of these cases (cutaneous atrophy, mucous membrane involvement) and probably autosomic recessive inheritance, allow to consider, according to the authors opinion, Kindler 's syndrome as a peculiar entity. PMID- 6233932 TI - Percutaneous dilatation of lower leg arteries. AB - Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty was introduced in the X-ray department of the Central Hospital of Etel a- Pohjanmaa in 1981 for the treatment of arteriosclerosis of the leg. The first year material consisted of 43 patients. Of the 45 lesions treated 16 were iliac stenoses, 12 femoropopliteal stenoses, 16 femoropopliteal occlusions, and one occlusion of the deep femoral artery. In 20 cases, angioplasty was performed for limb salvage from amputation, in 23 because of claudication. Technical success was achieved in every stenosis and in 10 out of the 16 femoropopliteal occlusions (63 per cent). One year cumulative patency rate was 81% in iliac stenoses, 66% in femoropopliteal stenoses, and 50% in femoropopliteal occlusions. Diabetes had an adverse effect on the results. Excluding patients with diabetes, the corresponding figures were 88%, 89%, and 60% respectively. PMID- 6233933 TI - [Antibiotic sensitivity of Yersinia enterocolitica strains isolated from rodents and sick persons in Krasnodar Territory]. AB - Seventy-three strains of Y. enterocolitica isolated from patients with acute gastrointestinal diseases and from wild and synathropic rodents in the Krasnodar region were studied for sensitivity to 12 antibiotics. The strains were shown to be sensitive or moderately sensitive to aminoglycosides. Their MIC for the predominating majority of the strains ranged from 0.4 to 6.4 micrograms/ml. Gentamicin and streptomycin proved to be the most active. Then follow kanamycin, tobramycin and sisomicin. However, some strains were resistant to kanamycin and streptomycin. The strains of the microorganism causing gastric yersiniasis had moderate sensitivity to tetracycline and moderate resistance to rifampicin, chloramphenicol and polymyxin B. All the strains were highly resistant to penicillin, which was characteristic of Y. enterocolitica. PMID- 6233934 TI - Comparative in vitro activities of teichomycin and vancomycin alone and in combination with rifampin and aminoglycosides against staphylococci and enterococci. AB - The activity of teichomycin A2 was compared with that of vancomycin in vitro against clinical isolates of staphylococci and enterococci. Teichomycin A2 was more active than vancomycin active against all isolates tested. Synergistic studies also demonstrated that teichomycin A2 combined with rifampin is more active than vancomycin combined with rifampin against Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis isolates. Teichomycin A2, either singly or in combination with an aminoglycoside, was more active against Streptococcus faecalis isolates. PMID- 6233935 TI - Antibacterial activities of ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, oxolinic acid, cinoxacin, and nalidixic acid. AB - In vitro studies were performed comparing ciprofloxacin (Bay o 9867) and norfloxacin with three related organic acids. Ciprofloxacin was two to eight times more active than norfloxacin against 658 bacterial isolates representing 30 species. For all species tested, ciprofloxacin MICs for 90% inhibition were less than or equal to 2.0 micrograms ml. Additional tests with 5,994 isolates detected only 37 (0.6%) strains resistant to 2.0 micrograms of ciprofloxacin per ml and 106 (1.8%) resistant to 1.0 micrograms/ml. Only 6 (0.1%) of the 5,994 strains were resistant to 16 micrograms of norfloxacin per ml, and 129 (2.1%) were resistant to 4.0 micrograms/ml. The majority of resistant strains were streptococci or Pseudomonas spp. Resistance among the Enterobacteriaceae was extremely rare (i.e., greater than 99.8% susceptible to both drugs. PMID- 6233936 TI - Two human colon tumor cell lines with similar nuclease sensitivities have different ethidium bromide binding characteristics. AB - Chromatin from two human colon adenocarcinoma cell lines (HT-29 and LoVo) showed similar digestion kinetics when sensitivities to DNase I and micrococcal nuclease were examined. Chromatin conformations were probed by examining the binding of ethidium bromide. A Scatchard plot revealed that both chromatins bound the same amount of ethidium bromide per mole of DNA, but the DNA from LoVo cells was more accessible to the intercalator. The results indicate that differences in chromatin conformation are not necessarily accompanied by different nuclease sensitivities. PMID- 6233937 TI - Heterogeneity of heparan sulfate proteoglycans synthesized by PYS-2 cells. AB - Antibodies to the basement membrane proteoglycan produced by the EHS tumor were used to immunoprecipitate [35S]sulfate-labeled protoglycans produced by PYS-2 cells. The immunoprecipitated proteoglycans were subsequently fractionated by CsCl density gradient centrifugation and Sepharose CL-4B chromatography. The culture medium contained a low-density proteoglycan eluting from Sepharose CL-4B at Kav = 0.18, containing heparan sulfate side chains of Mr = 35-40,000. The medium also contained a high-density proteoglycan eluting from Sepharose CL-4B at Kav = 0.23, containing heparan sulfate side chains of Mr = 30,000. The corresponding proteoglycans of the cell layer were all smaller than those in the medium. Since the antibodies used to precipitate those proteoglycans were directed against the protein core, this suggests that these proteoglycans share common antigenic features, and may be derived from a common precursor which undergoes modification by the removal of protein segments and a portion of each heparan sulfate chain. PMID- 6233938 TI - [Anti-tumor activity of peripheral lymphocytes of tumor-bearing rats by in vitro culture]. AB - This basic study was performed to determine whether the anti-tumor effect of lymphocytes obtained from the peripheral blood of a tumor bearing host can be increased when cultured in vitro with Mitomycin C (MMC)-treated AH109A tumor cells, using interleukin-2 (IL-2). Donryu rats were used as tumor bearing hosts. The following results were obtained. Weak anti-tumor activity of lymphocytes was noted 7 days after lymphocytes were cultured in the medium to which only IL-2 was added. Anti-tumor activity was augmented by adding antigen (MMC treated tumor cells) to the above (1). Anti-tumor activity was further augmented by adding to (2) above antigen presenting cells such as intraperitoneal exudate macrophages or peripheral hole leukocytes. Anti-tumor activity of lymphocytes was detected when IL-2 and MMC treated antigen were added to the peripheral hole leukocytes containing the lymphocytes. PMID- 6233939 TI - Metronidazole in the treatment of rosacea. PMID- 6233940 TI - Granuloma annulare caused by injectable collagen. PMID- 6233941 TI - Keratosis punctata and atopy. Report of 31 cases with a prospective study of prevalence. AB - We report 31 cases of keratosis punctata palmaris et plantaris in blacks. Eleven of these were found in a prospective study of 573 consecutive black private dermatologic outpatients, a prevalence of 1.9%, and 20 cases were randomly encountered over a three-year period in the same office. Five of the 30 patients able to give a history were symptomatic, and they and ten others came to the office because of this disease, where as 15 came for other reasons, two of whom were unaware of the disease. Four of the 31 patients also had foot lesions. Four patients were aware of relatives with palmar keratoses. The mean duration of disease was 4.3 years, the median was three years, and the range was zero to 38 years. The mean age at onset was 30.3 years, the median was 29 years, and the range was 12 to 70 years, with one case beginning in infancy. Each patient in the prospective study was examined for personal atopy or for a family history of atopy. Nine (82%) of the 11 patients with keratosis punctata had atopy and/or a family history of atopy. Statistical analysis confirmed the association between keratosis punctata and atopy in the prospective study. PMID- 6233942 TI - T cells and T-cell subsets in mycosis fungoides and parapsoriasis. A study of 18 cases with anti-human T-cell monoclonal antibodies and histochemical techniques. AB - Skin lesions from 15 patients with mycosis fungoides (MF) and from three with parapsoriasis were studied immunohistochemically with monoclonal antibodies against T cells (Leu 1) and against T-cell subsets (Leu 2a, Leu 3a). Lymphoid cell reactivity was diverse among these sampled cases. In two cases of parapsoriasis and nine of MF, there was a predominance of helper/inducer (Leu-3a reactive) cells over suppressor/cytotoxic (Leu-2a-reactive) cells. In one case of parapsoriasis and one (advanced tumor stage) of MF, there was suppressor/cytotoxic cell predominance. One case of MF showed strong reactivity for both T-cell subset markers. Four cases of MF (two plaque-stage and two tumor stage) featured a predominant cell type in the dermis which was nonreactive for all three antibodies. The intraepidermal lymphoid cellularity was Leu-1-reactive in ten cases of MF and two of parapsoriasis. Among these 12 cases, the intraepidermal cellularity was Leu-2a-reactive in four and Leu-3a-reactive in three. The use of such studies of T-cell subsets on in situ cutaneous lymphoid infiltrates may demonstrate a correlation with cytomorphology, clinical stage, and disease prognosis. PMID- 6233943 TI - Topical vitamin E as a cause of erythema multiforme-like eruption. AB - The topical use of vitamin E on scar tissue resulted in a generalized erythema multiforme reaction in two patients. Patch tests with vitamin E oil showed positive local reactions in both. PMID- 6233944 TI - Improvement of follicular puncture and oocyte recovery at Erlangen. AB - The instruments for oocyte collection for IVF developed at Erlangen as a result of experience over a period of two years are described in detail. In a consecutive series of 30 IVF attempts (30 patients), 77 oocytes were collected from 78 follicles. The advantages of our very simple and successful system are discussed, and compared to other systems. Embryo transfer was performed in the 21 patients and four progressive pregnancies resulted. PMID- 6233945 TI - Aspirin decreases platelet uptake on Dacron vascular grafts in baboons. AB - The influence of a single dose of aspirin (5.4-7.4 mg/kg) on platelet uptake on 4 mm Dacron interposition grafts was studied in a baboon model using gamma camera scanning for 111-Indium labeled platelets. In vitro assessment of platelet function after aspirin administration revealed that in the baboon, as in the human, aspirin abolished arachidonic acid-induced platelet aggregation, prolonged the lag time between exposure to collagen and aggregation, and decreased plasma thromboxane B2 levels. Aspirin also prolonged the template bleeding time. Scans for 111-Indium labeled platelets revealed that pretreatment with a single dose of aspirin decreased platelet uptake on 4-mm Dacron carotid interposition grafts. This decrease in platelet uptake was associated with a significant improvement in 2-hour graft patency and with a trend toward improved 2-week patency. PMID- 6233946 TI - Distal coronary artery dissection following percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. AB - The most common cause of acute myocardial ischemia following percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty is coronary dissection, which characteristically remains localized to the site of balloon dilation. In this article, however, we report on 4 patients in whom percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty was complicated by coronary artery dissection extending distally beyond the site of anticipated vein graft anastomosis. Intraoperative diagnosis of distal coronary dissection is suggested by a characteristic appearance of the artery and confirmed by the finding of true and false lumens at the time of coronary arteriotomy. Successful revascularization is achieved by anastomosis of a vein graft to the true lumen with reapproximation of the dissected arterial layers. Proximal coronary artery ligation in this setting is unnecessary. PMID- 6233947 TI - One-vessel coronary artery disease. Anatomic, functional, and prognostic considerations. AB - Patients with one-vessel coronary artery disease (CAD) constitute a heterogenous group with regard to anatomy, pathophysiology, and prognosis. Noninvasive examination of these patients shows variation in the presence and magnitude of ST segment depression, the presence and extent of exercise-induced thallium 201 perfusion defect, and the presence and extent of regional and global left ventricular dysfunction assessed by radionuclide angiocardiography. Further studies, however, are needed to determine whether the physiologic consequences assessed noninvasively compound the effects of coronary anatomy as defined by angiocardiography on the prognosis or whether they are independent of these effects. Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty should be considered in patients with one-vessel CAD who are symptomatic or in those who have a large amount of jeopardized myocardium. PMID- 6233948 TI - Review of the overall experience of captopril in hypertension. AB - The pharmacologic profile of the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, captopril, is described. After reviewing the total clinical experience of captopril from the world literature and manufacturer's files, a small subgroup of clinically complex patients at particular risk of side effects and in whom the drug must be used with caution is characterized. Evidence is available that demonstrates that lower doses (150 mg/day or less, with modest doses of diluretic agents) are effective in both short- and long-term therapy, while the incidence of side effects is substantially reduced. With this background information, the benefit-risk ratio is substantially improved and the use of captopril as a primary agent in the management of hypertension may be considered. PMID- 6233949 TI - Usefulness of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty for aortitis syndrome. AB - A woman with aortitis syndrome who had had severe hypertension for more than 30 years, despite the administration of various antihypertensive drugs, underwent percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) a total of three times. The operation resulted in good control of BP and with an improvement of other hemodynamics without any medication for one year after PTA. PMID- 6233950 TI - Prediction of chronicity in acute low back pain. AB - Forty-eight patients seeking treatment for low back pain were assessed in the acute stage to see if they exhibited characteristics that would predict response to medical treatment. It was hoped that, if there were personality and demographic differences between patients who did and those who did not respond to standard medical treatment, potential chronic pain patients could be identified and targeted for special treatment. Stepwise discriminant analysis yielded a prediction equation that correctly identified 41 of the 48 cases (85.4%). Acute patients who became chronic complained of pain over a wider area of the body; had deeper, more central pain; were highly anxious; and had a lower activity level. Although cross-validation studies are needed, identification of potentially chronic pain patients may be feasible, making appropriate early intervention possible. PMID- 6233951 TI - [Lumbosciatica caused by a herniated disk at a young age]. PMID- 6233952 TI - [Surgical lumbar sciatica of non-disk origin: vertebral osteoid osteoma and osteoblastoma]. PMID- 6233953 TI - [Saccoradiculography under strain in the diagnosis of lumbar disk hernia]. PMID- 6233954 TI - The importance of abdominal wall collateral blood vessels. Planning incisions and obtaining arteriography. AB - While several patterns of collateral blood flow around aortoiliac obstruction exist, the thoracic to lower-extremity pathway is often unrecognized. The principal blood vessels involved in this network are the internal mammary, superior epigastric, intercostal, inferior epigastric, and external iliac arteries. Two patients with aortoiliac occlusion experienced precipitation of rest pain because of transverse abdominal incisions for nonvascular procedures. Femoral anatomy was demonstrated arteriographically in two other patients by injection of contrast medium into the aortic arch. Patients with lower-extremity peripheral vascular disease may suffer exacerbation of their symptoms if the thoracic to lower-extremity collateral pathway is divided by poorly planned abdominal incisions. Ascending aortic or subclavian angiography is useful in some patients to define femoral arterial anatomy. PMID- 6233955 TI - Dibenamine enhancement of histamine-induced relaxation of the rabbit mesenteric artery. AB - Helically cut strips of rabbit mesenteric artery relax when exposed to histamine if their histamine H1 receptors are first blocked by 7 X 10(-6) M mepyramine. Relaxations are potentiated by 20 min pretreatment with 10(-6) M dibenamine. This dibenamine regimen also enhances relaxation of the strips to the selective H2 receptor agonist dimaprit, and to a lesser extent to papaverine which does not act on histamine receptors. This enhancement occurs both at 38 degrees and 22 degrees, and in mesenteric artery strips from rabbits reserpinized to deplete amine stores. Histamine has a greater relaxant effect on mesenteric artery strips at 22 degrees than at 38 degrees, normally. Dibenamine-treated strips do not relax more at the lower temperature, however. Thus, dibenamine nonselectively enhances relaxations of mesenteric artery and may enhance histamine-induced relaxations by an additional mechanism. PMID- 6233956 TI - In vitro studies on the aggregation of isolated lipoprotein(a) upon addition of lysolecithin. AB - A precipitating effect of lysolecithin on isolated and purified lipoprotein (a) [Lp (a)] was detected and investigated in vitro. After addition of external lysolecithin at an initial concentration of 100 mu mol/l (which is about the concentration of lysolecithin produced per hour in human serum), the lipoprotein solution started to get turbid; turbidity was monitored at 450 nm. This effect was studied in dependence on the ionic strength of the buffer, revealing maximum precipitation in isotonic solutions. Limited trypsinisation or treatment of Lp(a) with neuraminidase changed the surface of that lipoprotein so that no precipitation could be caused by lysolecithin, indicating the role of the protein carbohydrate part for the aggregation. A difference between L-alpha and DL-alpha lysolecithin could also be established. A weaker precipitating reaction was found for the latter. The presence of serum albumin at physiological serum concentrations weakened the precipitating power of lysolecithin to a certain degree, but could not stop the process. The aggregates were investigated by means of the electron microscope using negative staining for fixation. The individual Lp(a)-particles could still be distinguished but they stuck together in a bulky conformation. Low density lipoprotein (LDL) used as a reference did not show any precipitation by lysolecithin. PMID- 6233957 TI - A cardiac output monitor and diagnostic unit for pneumatically driven artificial hearts. AB - The pneumatic artificial heart uses a flexible diaphragm to separate blood from air. The air space behind the diaphragm is connected to the atmosphere during diastole. Blood entering the heart during diastole displaces an equal volume of air into the atmosphere. A pneumotachograph is used to sense this flow of air. Integration of the airflow signal with respect to time yields the volume of air displaced during diastole, which is equal to the volume of blood entering the heart over the same period. This measured filling volume is equal to the cardiac output when averaged over a number of cardiac cycles. Allowance is made for regurgitant losses owing to the prosthetic heart valves. The output of the pneumotachograph is independent of absolute pressure, and so the device may also be used during the systolic (air compression) phase of the cardiac cycle. Analysis of the display of the airflow curves during diastole and systole has great diagnostic value. This device is accurate, easy to calibrate, stable, noninvasive, and does not require modification of any existing air-driven artificial hearts. PMID- 6233958 TI - Hematoporphyrin photoradiation therapy for intraocular and orbital malignant melanoma. AB - Photoradiation therapy (PRT) is a new technique that is currently under investigation for the treatment of a variety of solid malignant tumors. The technique involves systemic administration of hematoporphyrin derivative (HpD), a photosensitizing compound that is preferentially retained by malignant cells and photoactivation of the neoplasm with red light (630 nm) to achieve selective destruction of cancer cells. We used HpD PRT for seven patients with malignant melanoma of the uvea and conclude that initial results of HpD PRT for uveal malignant melanoma are encouraging and justify further investigation. PMID- 6233959 TI - Concomitant occurrence of cochleosaccular dysplasia and Down's syndrome. AB - Inherited cochleosaccular dysplasia occurred in a woman coincidentally with Down's syndrome. Study of the right temporal bone revealed abnormalities of the cochlea and saccule consistent with Scheibe 's original description. There was also a short cochlea and small lateral semicircular canal consistent with previous descriptions of Down's syndrome. PMID- 6233960 TI - The influence of tonsillectomy on cell-mediated immune response. AB - In order to ascertain the influence of a possible immunoregulatory effect of tonsils on the organism, phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) and concanavalin A (Con A) stimulation and the suppressor index in peripheral blood lymphocytes were determined in the pre-operative and postoperative course. Consistent statements on a possible effect of the tonsil can not be made from the results obtained. PMID- 6233961 TI - The nurse and the law. The right to die. PMID- 6233962 TI - The influence of rat suspension-hypokinesia on the gastrocnemius muscle. AB - Hind-limb hypokinesia was induced in rats by the Morey method to characterize the response of the gastrocnemius muscle. A comparison of rats suspended for 2 weeks with weight, sex, and litter-matched control rats indicate no difference in gastrocnemius wet weight, contraction, or one-half relaxation times, but less contractile function as indicated by lowered dP/dt. Myosin ATPase staining identified uniform Type I (slow-twitch) and II (fast-twitch) atrophy in the muscles from 4 of 10 rats suspended for 2 weeks and 1 of 12 rats suspended for 4 weeks; muscles from three other rats of the 4-week group displayed greater Type I atrophy. Other histochemical changes were characteristic of a neuropathy. These data together with recently acquired soleus data (29) indicate the Morey model, like space flight, evokes greater changes in the Type I or slow twitch fibers of the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles. PMID- 6233963 TI - Effect of DSP-4, pCPA, and haloperidol on hippocampal electrical activity and behavior in rabbits. AB - An experimental model, including novel and fearful stimuli, has been used to study the effect of noradrenaline, serotonin, and dopamine depletion on hippocampal electrical activity and behavior in freely moving rabbits. DSP-4 (N (2-chloroethyl)-N-ethyl-2- bromobenzylamine hydrochloride, 40 mg/kg ip), a selective hippocampal noradrenaline depletor, decreased the overall exploratory activity and significantly increased RSA (rhythmic slow activity) percentage. The high frequencies of the hippocampal RSA were significantly reduced. When this noradrenaline depletion was coupled with a serotonin depression by p chlorophenylalanine (pCPA), the above described effect was potentiated. In particular, the frequency distribution of RSA was characterized by a further reduction of the high values with a concomitant increase of the low frequency band. Moreover, a more evident decrease of the exploratory activity and a similar increase of RSA percentage was observed. These results show that the hippocampal electrical activity is modulated by noradrenaline and serotonin by an inhibitory effect on RSA occurrence and a frequency selection. The block of dopamine receptors by chronic haloperidol administration (5 mg/kg ip/day) did not seem to exert any effect on RSA parameters. Results are discussed in the light of attentional and emotional theories. PMID- 6233964 TI - Selected enzyme activities in mouse cardiac muscle during training and terminated training. AB - We studied the effects of running-training, heavy exercise and termination of training on the heart weight, the ratio heart to body weight and the cardiac muscle activities of actomyosin ATPase, citrate synthase, succinate dehydrogenase, cytochrome c oxidase, malate dehydrogenase, adenylate kinase and beta-glucuronidase with adult male NMRI-mice. Stable hypertrophy (6-7%), estimated by the ratio heart or ventricle weight to body weight, was achieved by 28 exercises and it was dependent on the running speed (20 vs. 25 m X min-1). The withdrawal of training for 5-61 days did not permanently decrease the heart weight or the heart to body weight ratio to the level of sedentary controls. The activity of enzymes of energy metabolism or actomyosin ATPase were not affected by training, heavy exercise or terminated training. beta-glucuronidase activity slightly (20-25%) increased in the trained animals and remained at a higher level during the period of terminated training. The results suggest that the capacity for aerobic metabolism of normal mice heart is sufficient to meet the enhanced demand for ATP imposed by running-training and that the heart enlargement occurs in equal proportions with the enzymatic potential of the cardiac tissue. PMID- 6233965 TI - Subcellular origin of the surface fluorescence of reduced nicotinamide nucleotides in the isolated perfused rat heart. AB - Surface fluorometric measurements and indicator metabolite determinations in the isolated perfused rat heart showed that the NADH + NADPH fluorescence of the intact tissue originates largely from the mitochondria. The redox potential of the lactate dehydrogenase system calculated from the endogenous lactate/pyruvate ratios was closely similar to that of the glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase system calculated from the concentrations of glycerol-3-phosphate and dihydroxyacetone phosphate in the tissue. Thus, in contrast to the liver, the cytosolic redox state of the NADH/NAD+ system in isolated perfused heart oxidizing external glucose or fatty acid is not amenable to optical monitoring, but can be assessed from the state of the lactate dehydrogenase or glycerol-3 phosphate dehydrogenase systems. PMID- 6233966 TI - Effects of the cessation of training on left ventricular function in the racing greyhound. Serial studies in a model of cardiac hypertrophy. AB - Exercise-induced cardiac hypertrophy has been associated with normal resting left ventricular function and, after cessation of training, variable degrees of regression. The racing greyhound is an animal with cardiac hypertrophy said to be part congenital and part exercise-induced. Racing greyhounds underwent serial cardiac catheterization three times during an 8-month period after cessation of racing/training to determine the functional consequences of the cessation of training. At the end of 8 months of inactivity the animals' hearts were excised and weighed in order to compare heart weight/body weight (HW/BW) ratios with those obtained in a group of racing greyhounds killed within one month, 19 +/- 16 days (mean +/- SD), of the cessation of training. Comparison of HW/BW ratios failed to reveal a significant difference between the serially studied group, 12.1 +/- 1.9 g/kg (mean +/- SD), and the more recently exercising group, 12.7 +/- 1.4 g/kg (mean +/- SD) of dogs. After 2 months of inactivity, 9 of 12 greyhounds in the serially studied group showed increases in max dP/dt and dP/dt normalized to a pressure of 50 mmHg. Modified pre-ejection period and peak negative dP/dt also increased significantly (p less than .004) during this same period. No further changes in these variables were found at the final 8-month study. Our failure to demonstrate a difference in HW/BW ratios between these two groups of dogs suggests that the exercise-induced component of cardiac hypertrophy in the trained racing greyhound is probably very small and, if it exists, regresses very early (less than 1 month). Changes in contractility indices that were observed occurred after this time period (between 1 and 2 months) and are therefore probably not due to regression of cardiac hypertrophy. PMID- 6233967 TI - Accumulation of an ABA analogue in the wilty tomato mutant, flacca. AB - A new abscisic acid (ABA) analogue has been isolated from tomato plants. High levels of the compound are found in flacca mutants compared with normal isogenic controls. The analogue also accumulates in response to water stress. Three alternative structures, consistent with the mass spectrum, have been proposed. The possibility that the compound may be a biosynthetic precursor of ABA is considered. PMID- 6233968 TI - Immunoglobulin G binding to human erythrocytes. AB - The binding of 125iodine labelled human IgG to allogenic erythrocytes was studied at various ratios of free IgG per cell. At low concentrations of free IgG a high affinity binding was measured, which is with respect to its apparent association constant (2.8 x 10(13) mol-1) most likely a specific receptor binding and might indicate aged cells of those destined for elimination. At higher concentrations of free IgG the erythrocytes were coated by IgG in a non-saturable manner as reported by Grob et al. (Immunology 13, 189 (1967)). The erythrocyte-bound labelled IgG, which remained in the range from 15 to 400 molecules IgG per cell after intensive washings could not be chased by unlabelled IgG. This cell-bound IgG (high affinity binding) was increased 7-fold after complete ATP-depletion of erythrocytes and was 4 times higher after erythrocyte storage for 42 days. It appears that it is not the number of bound IgG molecules alone which is important for erythrocyte recognition by macrophages but also the arrangement of IgG molecules bound to membrane polypeptides. PMID- 6233969 TI - Atriopeptins: a family of potent biologically active peptides derived from mammalian atria. AB - Extracts of rat atria are potent stimulators of sodium and urine excretion, and relax vascular and intestinal smooth muscle preparations. The structures of six biologically active peptides obtained from atrial extracts are reported here. Ion exchange chromatography of a low molecular weight fraction obtained by gel filtration of atrial extracts produced two natriuretic fractions: the first induced relaxation of intestinal smooth muscle strips only, whereas the second also relaxed vascular strips as well. From the first fraction four pure biologically active peptides obtained by reverse phase HPLC have been sequenced: the 21 amino acid peptide, designated atriopeptin I, and three homologs (des- ser1 -, des- ser1 -ser2-, and des- ser21 - atriopeptin I). From the second fraction two pure biologically active peptides were obtained, which had C terminal extensions of atriopeptin I: atriopeptins II (23 amino acid residues) and III (24 residues), having respectively phe-arg and phe-arg-tyr C-termini. These results suggest that this family of six peptides, sharing the same 17 membered ring formed by an internal cystine disulfide, is derived from a common high molecular weight precursor. PMID- 6233970 TI - Activation of calcium-activated, phospholipid-dependent protein kinase (protein kinase C) by new classes of tumor promoters: teleocidin and debromoaplysiatoxin. AB - The new potent tumor promoters teleocidin and debromoaplysiatoxin , which are structurally unrelated to phorbol esters, activate Ca2+-activated, phospholipid dependent protein kinase (protein kinase C). The concentrations of 12-O tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate, teleocidin and debromoaplysiatoxin for half maximum activation of protein kinase C were found to be approximately 3 ng/ml, 40 ng/ml and 400 ng/ml, respectively. These three types of tumor promoters bind to protein kinase C, and appear to exhibit their pleiotropic actions through activation of this enzyme. PMID- 6233971 TI - Involvement of liver aldehyde oxidase in the reduction of nicotinamide N-oxide. AB - The present paper describes that mammalian liver aldehyde oxidase is involved in the reduction of nicotinamide N-oxide to nicotinamide. Rabbit liver aldehyde oxidase supplemented with its electron donor exhibited a significant nicotinamide N-oxide reductase activity under anaerobic conditions. Liver cytosols from rabbits, hogs, guinea pigs, hamsters, rats and mice, all of them, similarly exhibited the N-oxide reductase activity in the presence of an electron donor of aldehyde oxidase, but not xanthine oxidase. The cytosolic N-oxide reductase activity was almost completely inhibited by menadione, an inhibitor of aldehyde oxidase. PMID- 6233973 TI - High mobility group proteins HMG1 and HMG2 do not decrease the melting temperature of DNA. AB - High mobility group proteins 1 and 2 isolated in non-denaturing conditions cannot decrease the temperature of denaturation of DNA. When they are isolated or treated with tricloroacetic acid a hyperchromic peak below the melting temperature of free DNA appears in agreement with previous data ( Javaherian et al. (1979) Nucl . Acids Res. 6, 3569-3580). We show that this is due to light scattering of aggregated protein at submelting temperatures and not to melting of DNA. PMID- 6233972 TI - Disappearance of Ca2+-sensitive, phospholipid-dependent protein kinase activity in phorbol ester-treated 3T3 cells. AB - Treatment of intact 3T3 cells with biologically active phorbol esters causes a progressive decline in the total activity of Ca2+-sensitive, phospholipid dependent protein kinase (protein kinase C) measured in cell-free, detergent solubilized, extracts. The effect is dose-dependent and reversible; protein kinase C activity reappears when the phorbol esters are removed from the medium. PMID- 6233974 TI - Changes in the conformation of the interferon beta gene during differentiation and induction. AB - DNase I sensitivity was used to investigate the chromatin conformation of the interferon beta gene during differentiation of the mouse teratocarcinoma cell line PC13 . These cells do not produce interferon upon viral induction in their undifferentiated state, but do so on differentiation from stem cells to endoderm. Only in induced differentiated cells were the interferon beta genes digested by DNase I. A similar effect was seen in a line of human cells ( MG63 ) upon induction. We conclude that it is induction of interferon production that brings about the change in the DNase I sensitivity of these genes, rather than differentiation. PMID- 6233975 TI - Structural asymmetry of the F1 of Escherichia coli as indicated by reaction with dicyclohexylcarbodiimide. AB - Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCCD) inhibits the ATPase activity of F1 from Escherichia coli by covalent modification of a single glutamic acid in the beta subunit. 95% inhibition was obtained after incorporation of around 1 mole of DCCD per mole F1, i.e. 1 mole of reagent per 3 beta subunits; and up to 2 moles of DCCD per mole F1 were readily incorporated into the protein. One of the 3 beta subunits per F1 can be crosslinked to the epsilon subunit by 1-ethyl-3 [3(dimethylamino)propyl]carbodiimide (EDC). This beta subunit (beta 1) is here shown to be shielded from reaction with DCCD, presumably by its association with epsilon and also possibly the gamma subunit. Thus the three beta subunits are not equivalent in the enzyme complex. PMID- 6233976 TI - Further characterization of tumor-promoter-mediated activation of protein kinase C. AB - Tumor promoting phorbol esters are able to activate Ca2+-sensitive, phospholipid dependent protein kinase (protein kinase C) in a reconstituted system. Indol alkaloid teleocidin, a tumor promoter, has been found to be as potent as tumor promoters from the series of phorbol esters and mezerein in activating the mouse brain enzyme. Chemically unrelated tumor promoters such as tetrachlorodibenzo-p dioxin, anthralin and phenobarbital are devoid of effect. Diacylglycerol 1,2 diolein strongly activated the enzyme whereas 1,3 diolein like 1,2 distearin were poor activators and 1,3 distearin was inactive. Although tumor-promoter-or diacylglycerol-mediated activation of protein kinase C was observed in the presence of 0.5mM EGTA, the reaction requires traces of Ca2+. Tumor promoters did not prevent inhibitory action of antipsychotic phenothiazines and local anesthetics but appear to increase IC50 of these drugs. PMID- 6233977 TI - Steroidogenic properties of phorbol ester and a Ca2+ ionophore in bovine adrenocortical cell suspensions. AB - When added independently to bovine adrenocortical fasciculata cell suspensions, 12 tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13 acetate (TPA) and the Ca2+ ionophore A23187 activated net cortisol production in a time and dose-dependent manner during one hour incubation. When added together (each at 1 microM concentration), the drugs appeared synergistic and mimicked the steroidogenic effect of suboptimal concentration of angiotensin II or acetylcholine on these cells, with no detectable variation of cellular cyclic nucleotide levels. In addition, the drug mixture markedly enhanced the steroidogenic effect of acetylcholine. These observations suggest that Ca2+-activated, phospholipid dependent protein kinase, which is present in adrenal cortex, might be considered as a possible target in the mechanism of action of steroidogenic agents such as angiotensin and acetylcholine, acting in adrenocortical cell through cyclic AMP independent processes. PMID- 6233979 TI - Purification of the proton pumping ATPase from plant plasma membranes. AB - The plasma membrane ATPase from oat roots has been purified near homogeneity by a simple procedure. Plasma membranes isolated from sucrose gradients are first extracted with Triton X-100 and KC1 and the residue solubilized with lysolecithin. Rate-zonal centrifugation in a vertical rotor with a glycerol gradient results in a preparation of very high specific activity (6 mumoles min-1 mg protein-1 at 30 degrees C) and where over 70% of the protein corresponds to a polypeptide of about 100 kilodaltons previously identified as the ATPase. The purified enzyme could be reconstituted in proteoliposomes catalyzing ATP-driven proton transport sensitive to vanadate. PMID- 6233978 TI - Activation of protein kinase C by non-phorbol tumor promoter, mezerein. AB - Mezerein, classified as a second-stage tumor promoter, has no diacylglycerol-like structure in its molecule, but can activate protein kinase C both in vitro and in vivo. This non-phorbol diterpene competitively inhibits the specific binding of a radioactive tumor-promoting phorbol ester to the enzyme. It is suggestive that tumor-promoting phorbol esters and mezerein cause analogous changes in the membrane to activate protein kinase C, and utilize this protein kinase as a common receptive protein for tumor promotion. PMID- 6233980 TI - Use of mammalian DNA repair-deficient mutants to assess the effects of toxic metal compounds on DNA. AB - Wild-type and repair-deficient cell lines ( EM9 ) of Chinese Hamster Ovary cells were utilized to assess cytotoxic responses towards metals that produce lesions in DNA. Alkaline elution studies indicated that both CaCrO4 and HgCl2 induced single-strand breaks in the DNA. CaCrO4 and HgCl2 treatments of intact Chinese hamster ovary cells also caused the induction of DNA cross links. The mutant cells, which are thought to have a defect in the repair polymerase enzyme and therefore exhibit greater sensitivity towards a variety of agents that produce lesions in the DNA such as X-rays and ultraviolet-light, also displayed a greater sensitivity, compared to wild-type cells, towards the cytotoxic response of HgCl2 and CaCrO4 . For example, the IC50 (concentration producing a 50% growth inhibition) following exposure for 6-hr to CaCrO4 or 1 hr to HgCl2 was 3.4-fold or 1.8- to 3.9-fold greater in wild-type cells compared to repair-deficient cells respectively. Mutant cells compared to wild-type cells were not more sensitive to growth inhibition by agents whose primary site of action was not at the DNA level (i.e. amphotericin B, trifluoroperazine and cycloheximide). The DNA crosslinks induced by exposure to 10 microM CaCrO4 for 6 hr were almost completely repaired in wild-type cells within 24 hr, whereas in similarly exposed mutant cells this lesion was initially more pronounced and was only partially repaired following a 24-hr recovery period in the absence of CaCrO4 . The repair of single-strand breaks induced by CaCrO4 was more rapid and similar in both wild-type and mutant cells. Since Hg(II) inhibits repair of single-strand breaks, we could not study repair of this lesion induced by this agent; however, at very low concentrations (1 microM) binding of 203Hg(II) to DNA was greater in the mutant cells compared to the wild-type cells. Following removal of 203Hg(II) from the media, mutant cells generally retained more 203Hg bound to DNA relative to the total 203Hg(II) present in the cell. These results demonstrate that an important toxic action of CaCrO4 and HgCl2 involves injury to DNA since the concentrations of these metals causing measurable DNA damage were consistent with their respective cytotoxic concentrations and DNA repair-deficient mutants displayed both enhanced cytotoxicity and decreased repair of metal-induced lesions. PMID- 6233981 TI - Uptake and efficacy of trimetrexate (TMQ, 2,4-diamino-5-methyl-6-[(3,4,5 trimethoxyanilino)methyl] quinazoline), a non-classical antifolate in methotrexate-resistant leukemia cells in vitro. PMID- 6233982 TI - Coronary thrombolysis: pharmacological considerations with emphasis on tissue type plasminogen activator (t-PA). PMID- 6233984 TI - Attempts to produce taste-aversion learning in rats exposed to 60-Hz electric fields. AB - A measure of taste-aversion (TA) learning was used in three experiments to 1) determine whether exposure to intense 60-Hz electric fields can produce TA learning in male Sprague-Dawley rats, and 2) establish a dose-response function for the behavior in question. In Experiment 1, four groups of eight rats each were distributed into one of two exposures (69 +/- 5 kV/m or 133 +/- 10 kV/m) or into one of two sham-exposure groups. Conditioning trials paired 0.1% sodium saccharin in water with 3 h of exposure to a 60-Hz electric field. Following five conditioning trials, a 20-min, two-bottle preference test between water and saccharin-flavored water failed to reveal TA conditioning in exposed groups. In Experiment 2, four groups of eight rats each (34 +/- 2 kV/m or 133 +/- 10 kV/m and two sham-exposed groups) were treated as before. Electric-field exposure had no effect on TA learning. Experiment 3 tested for a possible synergy between a minimal dose (for TA learning) of cyclophosphamide (6 mg/kg) and 5 h of exposure to 133 +/- 10 kV/m electric fields in a dark environment under conditions otherwise similar to those of Experiments 1 and 2. The results indicated no TA learning as reflected in the relative consumption of saccharin. PMID- 6233983 TI - Porphyrin localization: a new modality for detection and therapy of tumors. PMID- 6233985 TI - Rheumatoid arthritis and sterile corneal ulceration. Analysis of tissue immune effector cells and ocular epithelial antigens using monoclonal antibodies. AB - Tissue immune effector cells and epithelial surface antigens present in eye tissue of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients with sterile corneal ulceration were studied using a large panel of monoclonal antibodies. During periods of active corneal ulceration, conjunctivae and corneas of all RA patients studied contained numerous immune-associated (Ia) antigen-positive tissue macrophages. In 4 of 6 patients, conjunctival or corneal T cell infiltrations were present. In 2 patients, a T cell vasculitis was seen in conjunctival tissue. Conjunctival epithelial cells of all 6 RA patients expressed Ia antigens during active corneal ulceration. These data provide evidence for immune-mediated mechanisms in the pathophysiology of corneal ulceration in RA. Moreover, the expression of Ia antigens by conjunctival epithelial cells may be a useful indicator of disease activity in RA patients with sterile corneal ulceration. PMID- 6233986 TI - Rheumatic syndromes secondary to guinea worm infestation. PMID- 6233987 TI - Rapidly progressive aortic incompetence in juvenile ankylosing spondylitis: a case report. PMID- 6233988 TI - [The World Health Organization Program for acute respiratory infections in children]. PMID- 6233989 TI - [Analysis of risk. Scope and limitations for the health administrator]. PMID- 6233990 TI - [Mycobacteria in apparently normal swine lymph nodes in Uruguay]. PMID- 6233991 TI - [Various trends in community health education and participation in Latin America]. PMID- 6233992 TI - [Refractive errors in school children in the city of Sao Paulo, Brazil]. PMID- 6233993 TI - [Life expectancy of problem-drinkers in Santiago, Chile. III. Estimation of specific mortality rates]. PMID- 6233994 TI - [Drug surveillance in patients of advanced-age]. PMID- 6233995 TI - [Migration and tropical diseases]. PMID- 6233996 TI - [Traditional medicine in Mexico]. PMID- 6233997 TI - [Cultural determinants in food selection]. PMID- 6233998 TI - [Traditional and modern medicine in Haiti]. PMID- 6233999 TI - [Uterine height as a method of predicting fetal growth]. PMID- 6234000 TI - [Prediction of human resources needs in the mental health field in Mexico]. PMID- 6234001 TI - [Epidemiological study of American cutaneous leishmaniasis in Maypuco, Peru]. PMID- 6234002 TI - [Mechanisms regulating the level of calcium in the cytoplasm of cardiomyocytes]. PMID- 6234003 TI - [Cationic regulation of myocardial contraction and relaxation when contraction frequency is increased]. AB - During augmentation of frequency of contractions or Ca2+ perfusate concentration the velocity of isotonic relaxation increased much more than the velocity or amplitude of contraction. The phenomenon of predominant activation of relaxation ( PPAR ) was less prominent at decreased Ca2+ concentration acidosis (pH 6,85), under action of calmodulin inhibitor, trifluoperazine, or replacement of Ca2+ ions by Sr2+. Diminution of Na2+ concentration to 25 mM was followed by apparent signs of cellular Ca2+--overload and elimination of PPAR . The results coincide with the suggestion that PPAR is caused by activation of calmodulin-dependent Ca2+ removal from the myoplasma and myofibrils. PMID- 6234004 TI - [Role of the sarcolemma in the morphogenesis of acute heart failure]. AB - Acute heart insufficiency was simulated in dogs, rabbits and rats with experimental myocardial infarction, hypothyrosis, thyrotoxicosis, autoimmune cardiomyopathy, myocardium hypertrophy by exerting additional mechanical load on the heart (graded aortic stricture, swimming, running in a tread-ban). Irrespective of the basic pathological process the development of acute heart insufficiency was associated with generalized damage of plasmalemma of the majority of functioning cardiomyocytes, registered with colloid lanthanum. Plasmalemma damage precedes intracellular ultrastructural alterations and is reversible. Sarcolemma damages in non-functioning cardiomyocytes revealed in the focus of severe ischemia in experimental myocardial infarction is on the contrary indicative of irreversible cellular changes. The distinctions demonstrate that mechanisms causing damages in sarcolemma membrane can be different in conditions of preserved coronary blood flow and in severe ischemia. PMID- 6234005 TI - Study on the control of hepatitis B virus infection in an institution for the mentally retarded. AB - This study is a longitudinal epidemiologic survey (January 1980--December 1982) of hepatitis B virus (HBV) markers in an institution for subnormal people (62 patients--25 mentally retarded, 15 suffering from epilepsy, 15 from Down's syndrome, 7 from other diseases--and 23 nuns), in order to assess the prevalence and incidence of hepatitis B and the annual rate of seroconversion for HBV markers and to verify the efficacy of hygienic and prophylactic measures, that we adopted. Our data confirmed the efficacy of these measures, showing a significant decrease of HBsAg positive subjects and a parallel significant positivization of HBsAb positive subjects. PMID- 6234006 TI - [Difference in the behavior of T-lymphocyte populations in heroin and methadone addicts]. AB - An assessment of T-lymphocyte populations was performed in two groups of drug addicts by the technique of monoclonal antibodies. Group I was composed of 11 asymptomatic heroin addicts, group II being in heroin withdrawal program from at least six months. Homosexual subjects, partners of patients with AIDS and patients with liver abnormalities or with recent infectious diseases were excluded from the present study. In all the examined subjects the antibody pattern to Toxoplasma gondii, Epstein-Barr virus, Cytomegalovirus was either negative or slightly positive as after old infections. All subjects were HBsAg negative and HBsAb positive. Group I patients showed a significant inversion of OKT4/OKT8 ratio (p less than 0.01), due to a reduction in T helper lymphocytes (p less than 0.05) and an increase in T suppressors (p less than 0.05). Both groups showed a not significantly different proliferative response to Phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and Concanavalin A (Con A), although 8 out of 11 patients of group I exhibited a reduced proliferative response to PHA. Group I patients also showed a reduced proliferative response to Pokeweed mitogen (PWM). These results might suggest an involvement of B-lymphocytes in immunological changes of heroin addicts. In group II patient all the examined variables, OKT4/OKT8 ratio, absolute number as well as percentage of T-lymphocytes subpopulations and proliferative responses to the employed mitogens, resulted in the normal range. These data seem to exclude that methadone, in contrast with heroin, may induce a cell-mediated immunodepression.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6234007 TI - [Behavior of blood values of prolactin, TSH, FSH, and LH in gastroduodenal ulcer during drug therapy]. AB - A study has been carried out on 20 male patients affected by gastric and duodenal ulcer disease and undergoing pharmacological treatment with pirenzepine, cimetidine, carbenoxolone and zolimidine in a multicentre controlled clinical trial, on PRL, TSH, FSH, LH plasma levels, taking into account the circadian rhythms of these endocrine variables. Basal and follow-up tests have been carried out, as well as a stimulation tests with TRH and LHRH. The findings do not allow for definite conclusions: two patients have shown moderate increases in the PRL levels after cimetidine; all patients have shown optimum responses to the stimulation test. PMID- 6234008 TI - [Imidazolic H2-agonists: importance of 2-amino substitution for pharmacological activity]. AB - The results of 2-aminohistamine (compound I) and 2-amino-5-methylhistamine (compound II) on cat acid secretion and on guinea pig gall-bladder motility are described and compared with those of Histamine or Dimaprit. The compound (I) showed a greater H2- than H1-receptor stimulating activity, while compound (II), inactive on H1, was effective on H2-receptors, being endowed with a less "potency" and "efficacy" than compound (I). The pharmacological activities of both compounds, related to their chemical structure, are discussed. PMID- 6234009 TI - Warfarin anticoagulant therapy. PMID- 6234010 TI - Left ventricular hypertrophy. Relation of structure to diastolic function in hypertension. AB - Digitised M mode echocardiography was used to determine the relation between the degree of left ventricular hypertrophy and abnormalities of isovolumic relaxation and diastolic function. Fifty six patients with varying severity of non-malignant systemic hypertension without evidence of ischaemic heart disease, left ventricular dilation, or clinical heart failure were studied. In addition, 10 athletes with hypertrophy and 20 normal subjects were studied. Athletes and patients with moderate (systolic blood pressure 175 to 200 mm Hg) and severe hypertension (greater than 200 mm Hg) had a significant increase in left ventricular mass. Cavity dimensions were normal in hypertensive patients and increased in athletes. Systolic function was normal in all groups. Regardless of the degree of hypertrophy patients with hypertension had a prolonged isovolumic relaxation period and delayed mitral valve opening. Patients with hypertrophy also had a reduced rate and prolonged duration of rapid early diastolic dimension increase and posterior wall thinning. Athletes, however, who had an equivalent degree of hypertrophy to patients with moderate or severe hypertension had entirely normal function. Measurements of diastolic function were significantly correlated with wall thickness and left ventricular mass. These indices of hypertrophy, particularly posterior wall thickness and the sum of posterior wall and septal thickness, were positively correlated with the duration of isovolumic relaxation and delay in mitral opening and negatively with the peak rate of early diastolic dimension increase and wall thinning. Thus in hypertensive patients with non-dilated left ventricular hypertrophy there appears to be a relation between the degree of wall thickening and abnormalities of diastolic function. PMID- 6234011 TI - 5-fluorouracil and 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine follow different metabolic pathways in the induction of cell lethality in L1210 leukaemia. AB - The mode of action of 5-fluorouracil (FUra) and 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine (FdUrd) on L1210 leukaemia has been studied. It is shown that FUra and FdUrd follow different routes of metabolism and have different targets with respect to their cytotoxic activity. FUra is converted to 5-fluorouridine-5'triphosphate ( FUTP ), which is incorporated into nascent RNA. FdUrd is converted to 5-fluoro-2' deoxyuridine-5'-monophosphate (FdUMP), which inhibits the de novo synthesis of 2' deoxythymidine-5'-monophosphate (dTMP). Conversion of FUra to FdUMP does occur, but this phenomenon does not contribute to the final cytotoxic effect. No conversion of FdUrd to FUra has been detected. PMID- 6234012 TI - Suppressor T cells in BCG-treated mice interfere with an in vivo specific antitumoral immune response. AB - The interference by BCG in the induction and expression of a specific antitumoral immune reaction was studied in B6 mice, using the in vivo Winn assay and also active immunization. T cells immunized against MCA-induced fibrosarcoma (MC B6-1) transferred together with the tumour cells protected the syngeneic host against tumour take. Pretreatment of normal B6 mice with moderate or high doses of BCG prevented the development of a protective immune response after immunization. Moreover, a single dose of 1 mg, or 2 doses of 0.01 mg BCG, completely eliminated an established antitumour immunity. Suppressor cells are involved in the BCG induced inhibitory effect; they interfered (1) with the expression of the antitumour response, since their addition to immune T cells in the Winn test resulted in decreased protection and (2) with the induction of the antitumour response, since injection of spleen cells from BCG-treated mice (BCG SpC) into normal mice before immunization inhibited the development of immunity. Treatment of BCG SpC with anti Thy 1.2 and anti Lyt 1.2 antibodies plus complement before injection into normal mice significantly decreased the suppressive activity, showing that the suppressor cells induced by BCG are T cells expressing the Lyt 1+ phenotype. The partial increase in protection obtained after IL-2 administration to BCG-treated mice suggests that the suppressive action of BCG SpC on the IL-2 producing capacity of helper T cells is only one of a number of possible mechanisms of T-cell-mediated suppression. PMID- 6234013 TI - Polyclonal B-cell activation and increased lymphocyte helper-suppressor ratios in discoid lupus erythematosus. AB - We studied polyclonal B-cell activation in twenty-six patients with discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE). Spontaneous plaque-forming cells of the IgA class (IgA-SPFC) as determined by a reverse haemolytic plaque assay were significantly more common in patients with DLE than in fifty control subjects. The patients showed a positive correlation between IgA-SPFC and OKT4/8 ratios and also had a significantly higher mean OKT4/8 ratio. The two groups did not differ with regard to cells producing IgG or IgM or cells with OKT3, OKT4, OKT8 or OKMI markers. None of the three patients with DLE who had IgA-SPFC values which were above the mean (+2 s.d.) for the control subjects had positive tests for ANA or low serum C3 or C4, but two of the three also had increased IgG-SPFC values. The results indicate that polyclonal B-cell activation occurs in a small proportion of patients with DLE. PMID- 6234014 TI - Clinical features of superficial fungal infections caused by Hendersonula toruloidea and Scytalidium hyalinum. AB - The clinical appearances of infections in 128 patients caused by the mould fungi Hendersonula toruloidea (102) and Scytalidium hyalinum (37) are described. All the patients originated from the tropics or subtropics but those infected with S. hyalinum came from either the Caribbean or West Africa. Forty-one per cent of those studied had a concurrent dermatophyte infection. While the clinical features of Hendersonula and Scytalidium infections resembled those seen in 'dry type' Trichophyton rubrum infections, there were a number of distinctive features. These included the absence of dorsal infection on the feet, lateral and distal onychomycosis with extensive onycholysis and the development of paronychia on the fingers. The majority of affected patients showed no serious underlying abnormality or predisposing skin disease which could facilitate invasion. The routine incorporation of cycloheximide, which inhibits the growth of these organisms, in mycological media may explain why they are infrequently diagnosed. PMID- 6234015 TI - Effect of low dose cyproterone acetate on the response of acne to isotretinoin. AB - Twenty-seven males with severe acne were treated for 12 weeks with 0.05 mg/kg/day isotretinoin (ten patients) or 5 mg daily cyproterone acetate (eight patients) or both drugs together in these doses (nine patients). With isotretinoin, the sebum excretion rate (SER) fell by 45% +/- 9% s.e.m. (P less than 0.0025), lesion count fell by 65% +/- 10% (P less than 0.0005) and median clinical 17% +/- 12% (NS) fall in SER, a 15% +/- 10% (NS) fall in lesion count and the median severity was unchanged. Patients unchanged. Patients treated with both drugs showed a 42% +/- 13% reduction in SER (P less than 0.005), a 68% +/- 11% decrease in lesion count (P less than 0.0005) and a decrease in median severity from 8 to 4 (P less than 0.01) which was no different from the response to isotretinoin alone. Isotretinoin increased serum cholesterol from 4.4 mmol/l +/- 0.3 s.e.m. to 4.7 mmol/l +/- 0.3 s.e.m. (P less than 0.01), serum triglyceride from 0.73 mmol/l +/- 0.07 s.e.m. to 0.96 mmol/l +/- 0.14 s.e.m. (P less than 0.05) and gamma glutamyltransferase (GGT) from 15.9 i.u./l +/- 2.1 s.e.m. to 19.0 i.u./l +/- 2.4 s.e.m. (P less than 0.01). Comparison of the area under the concentration-time curve for triglyceride and high density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol showed that the changes were smaller when isotretinoin was combined with cyproterone acetate. We conclude that the effect of isotretinoin in acne was not enhanced by the antiandrogen, but the increase in serum triglyceride and decrease in HDL cholesterol produced by the retinoid were reduced by combination with the antiandrogen. PMID- 6234016 TI - Reduced helper (OKT4+): suppressor (OKT8+) T ratios in aplastic anaemia: relation to immunosuppressive therapy. AB - T cell subset composition of peripheral blood and bone marrow from 22 patients with aplastic anaemia (AA) was studied by monoclonal antibodies (OKT3, OKT4 and OKT8). In the peripheral blood, OKT3 (pan-T), OKT4 (helper/inducer-T) and OKT8 (suppressor-T) cells varied widely in number. The ratios of OKT4:OKT8 exhibited the same tendency. However, a subgroup of AA with a reduced ratio of lower than 1.0 was present both in cases with or without prior prednisolone therapy. Of the eight patients treated with immunosuppressants, four with reduced ratios responded, whereas the other four with normal or higher ratios did not. The ratios of two of four responders gradually reached the normal level. These results suggest that the reduced OKT4:OKT8 ratio may be related to the cell mediated immunosuppressive mechanism postulated as a cause of stem cell inhibition in a subgroup of AA, and indicate prospectively the effectiveness of immunosuppressive therapy. PMID- 6234017 TI - Effect of serum albumin on siderophore-mediated utilization of transferrin iron. AB - The effect of serum and serum proteins on enterobactin- and aerobactin-mediated utilization of transferrin iron has been investigated. Serum was found to impede transfer of iron from iron transferrin to enterobactin and from [55Fe]ferric enterobactin to cells of Escherichia coli BN3040 Na 1R iuc . In contrast, serum had essentially no effect on the rate of these reactions mediated by aerobactin. Three purified serum proteins, human serum albumin, bovine serum albumin, and human immunoglobulin, were comparable to human serum in their selective ability to interfere with the transfer of 55Fe from [55Fe]ferric enterobactin to E. coli BN3040 Na 1R iuc . The inhibitory effect of human serum albumin on the enterobactin-mediated transfer of iron from [55Fe]transferrin was enhanced by preincubation of the protein with the siderophore. Pretreatment of the bacterial cells with human serum albumin did not affect the rate of utilization of siderophore iron. A linear, reciprocal relationship was found to hold for human albumin concentration vs. the first-order rate constant ( kobsd ) for the velocity of iron transfer from iron transferrin to enterobactin. Binding of serum albumin to enterobactin increased the intensity of the near-ultraviolet absorption band of the siderophore and shifted it to longer wavelengths. The stoichiometry of binding to human and bovine serum albumins was established as 1:1, and the binding constant for both enterobactin and ferric enterobactin was estimated to be in the range 1 X 10(4)-1.2 X 10(5) M-1. These results indicate that serum albumin may act synergistically with other factors in the serum, such as transferrin, to limit iron supply and in this way restrict the growth of invading microorganisms. PMID- 6234018 TI - Proton-translocating adenosinetriphosphatase in rough and smooth microsomes from rat liver. AB - Rat liver smooth and rough microsomal membranes exhibit an ATP-dependent H+ transport which can be inhibited by sulfhydryl reagents and dicyclohexylcarbodiimide but is resistant to oligomycin. On the basis of inhibitor sensitivities and substrate specificities, this H+ pump was found to be different from that of mitochondria, lysosomes, gastric H+-K+-ATPase, and yeast plasma membrane H+-ATPase but to resemble that of endocytic vesicles and the H+ pump responsible for urinary acidification. The transport process is accelerated by valinomycin in the presence of potassium, suggesting that it is an electrogenic pump. The same fractions were enriched in an ATPase with inhibitor sensitivities similar to those of the transport activity. It is possible that the proton electrochemical gradients generated by this pump may play a role in the translocation of proteins and sugars, two of the major functions of these structures. PMID- 6234020 TI - Monoclonal antibodies against subunits of yeast mitochondrial H+-ATPase. AB - Fourteen stable lines of myeloma-spleen cell hybrids producing antibodies against the mitochondrial H+-ATPase have been isolated. One reacted with the alpha subunit of the enzyme complex (Mr 56000), nine with the beta-subunit (Mr 54000), and four with a 25 kDa subunit which has not been previously characterized. These antibodies are inhibitory or stimulatory or have no effect upon the enzyme activity. Two of the monoclonal anti-beta-subunit antibodies were found to be particularly effective in immunoprecipitating intact H+-ATPase complex. PMID- 6234019 TI - Two populations of phospholipids exist in sarcoplasmic reticulum and in recombined membranes containing Ca-ATPase. AB - Phosphorus nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of sarcoplasmic reticulum membranes from rabbit muscle and of recombined membranes containing the calcium-dependent adenosinetriphosphatase (Ca-ATPase) of sarcoplasmic reticulum reveal two distinguishable, overlapping resonances. One resonance resembles a normal phospholipid bilayer resonance, and the other is much broader. The broader component is not seen in protein-free phospholipid vesicles. In recombined membranes of the Ca-ATPase, the intensity found in the broad component was proportional to the concentration of protein in the vesicles. The two-component spectra are interpreted to arise from at least two different domains of phospholipids, one of which is motionally restricted by the Ca-ATPase. Phospholipids exchange between these two domains at a rate less than 10(3) s-1. A model for protein-lipid interactions in membranes containing the Ca-ATPase is proposed in which some of the phospholipid head groups of the membrane interact directly with the protein. PMID- 6234021 TI - Manganese proteins isolated from spinach thylakoid membranes and their role in O2 evolution. I. A 56 kilodalton managnese-containing protein, a probable component of the coupling factor enzyme. AB - The binding of endogenous manganese (Mn) to proteins released from spinach grana thylakoid membranes by 2% cholate detergent or by osmotic shock is investigated. A mixture of 15-20 proteins is released by cholate and has been separated by isoelectric focusing in a sucrose gradient or by chromatofocusing. Mn coelutes with several proteins, but is lost upon dialysis. A dramatic redistribution of this Mn occurs in proteins released by osmotic shock in the presence of hydrophobic and hydrophilic oxidants. Maintaining an oxidizing solution potential during extraction apparently precludes reduction of the higher oxidation states of Mn to the labile Mn(II) state by reducing agents released from the membranes during lysing. This allows proteins to be separated which bind non-labile Mn ions. Under these extraction conditions, a protein is isolated which has an apparent molecular weight (Mr) of 65000 or 56000 on SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis depending on the sample buffer system used. The nondissociated protein occurs as a monomer of 58 kDa (90%) and an apparent dimer of 112 kDa (10%) by gel filtration. This protein binds little Mn if extracted by cholate and separated by isoelectric focusing. However, extraction by osmotic shock in the presence of oxidants and separation by chromatofocusing results in the retention of 1.9 +/- 0.3 Mn ions per monomer. This protein is identical to that reported by Spector and Winget (Spector, M., and Winget, G.D. (1980) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 77, 957-959). Contrary to their result, this protein does not reconstitute O2 evolution when added to depleted membranes. Rabbit antibody to this purified protein inhibits O2 evolution by 20% when incubated with intact grana-thylakoid membranes or 10-20% with partially inverted, French-pressed thylakoids. This inhibition is completely removed by 10(-3)M NH3Cl as an uncoupler of photophosphorylation. These results support a role in Phosphorylation and a location on the outer surface of the thylakoids. This antibody also selectively binds purified coupling factor, CF1, the multisubunit phosphorylation enzyme which is located on the outer thylakoid surface and which is known to bind two Mn ions tightly (Hochman, Y. and Carmeli, C. (1981) Biochemistry 20, 6293-6297). Thus the beta-subunit of CF1, which has a molecular weight of 56 kDa, can be identified as the locus of Mn binding in CF1 and as the Mn protein isolated by Spector and Winget. This protein plays no role on O2 evolution. PMID- 6234022 TI - Calmodulin X (Ca2+)4 is the active calmodulin-calcium species activating the calcium-, calmodulin-dependent protein kinase of cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum in the regulation of the calcium pump. AB - Calcium-, calmodulin-dependent phosphorylation of cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum increases the rate of calcium transport. The complex dependence of calmodulin dependent phosphoester formation on free calcium and total calmodulin concentrations can be satisfactorily explained by assuming that CaM X (Ca2+)4 is the sole calmodulin-calcium species which activates the calcium-, calmodulin dependent, membrane-bound protein kinase. The apparent dissociation constant of the E X CaM X (Ca2+)4 complex determined from the calcium dependence of calmodulin-dependent phosphoester formation over a 100-fold range of total calmodulin concentrations (0.01-1 microM) was 0.9 nM; the respective apparent dissociation constant at 0.8 mM free calcium, 1 mM free magnesium with low calmodulin concentrations (0.1-50 nM) was 2.60 nM. These results are in good agreement with the apparent dissociation constant of 2.54 nM of high affinity calmodulin binding determined by 125I-labelled calmodulin binding to sarcoplasmic reticulum fractions at 1 mM free calcium, 1 mM free magnesium and total calmodulin concentration ranging from 0.1 to 150 nM, i.e. conditions where approximately 98% of the total calmodulin is present as CaM X (Ca2+)4. The apparent dissociation constant of the calcium-free calmodulin-enzyme complex (E X CaM) is at least 100-fold greater than the apparent dissociation constant of the E X CaM X (Ca2+)4 complex, as judged from non-saturation 125I-labelled calmodulin binding at total calmodulin concentrations of up to 150 nM, in the absence of calcium. PMID- 6234023 TI - The role of ankyrin in shape and deformability change of human erythrocyte ghosts. AB - Human erythrocyte membranes (ghosts) from acid/citrate/dextrose preserved blood were digested with trypsin (protein/trypsin = 100:1) under hypotonic conditions and then analyzed by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. After digestion for about 20-30 s at 0 degree C, only ankyrin had disappeared and other bands including spectrin, actin, band 4.1 and band 3 remained intact. This observation was supported by electron micrographs showing that the horizontally disposed, filamentous structure was a little apart from the lipid bilayer and its components were not destroyed. In contrast to intact ghosts, treatment with chlorpromazine, or Mg-ATP did not induce shape change in these trypsin-treated ghosts. The number of transformable cells correlated closely with the amount of remaining ankyrin in the SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis pattern. Furthermore, the chlorpromazine- and Mg-ATP-induced decreases in viscosity of suspensions of erythrocyte ghosts were also prevented by trypsin treatment for 20 30 s at 0 degree C. These findings suggest that ankyrin plays an important role in the change in shape and deformability of erythrocyte ghosts. The molecular mechanism of drug-induced shape change and the role of undermembrane structure in regulating erythrocyte shape and deformability are discussed. PMID- 6234024 TI - The asymmetric effect of lanthanides on Na+-gradient-dependent Ca2+ transport in synaptic plasma membrane vesicles. AB - Lanthanides (La3+, Pr3+ and Tb3+) inhibit Na+-gradient-dependent Ca2+ influx into synaptic plasma membrane vesicles. 50% inhibition is obtained by 7 microM lanthanide concentration. The inhibition of the Na+-gradient-dependent Ca2+ uptake exhibits competitive kinetic behaviour. The apparent Km of the Ca2+ influx is increased from 50 microM in the absence of lanthanides to 118 microM in the presence of La3+, 170 microM in the presence of Pr3+ and 130 microM in the presence of Tb3+. The maximal reaction velocity is not altered (8.35 nmol Ca2+ transported per mg protein per min in the absence of lanthanides and 8.16 nmol/mg per min in the presence of lanthanides). Lanthanides also inhibited Na+-gradient dependent Ca2+ efflux from synaptic plasma membrane vesicles that were preloaded with Ca2+ in a Na+-gradient-dependent manner. Introduction of La3+ into the interior of the synaptic plasma membrane vesicles by rapid freezing of the vesicles in liquid N2 and slow thawing had no effect on either Na+-gradient dependent Ca2+ influx or efflux. Synaptic plasma membrane vesicles can be preloaded with Ca2+ also in an ATP-dependent manner. This form of Ca2+ uptake is also inhibited by La3+ though at higher concentrations than the Na+-gradient dependent Ca2+ uptake. Na+-gradient-dependent efflux from synaptic plasma membrane vesicles preloaded in an ATP-dependent fashion ('inside-out' vesicles) unlike efflux from synaptic plasma membrane vesicles preloaded in a Na+-gradient dependent manner was not inhibited by La3+. These findings suggest that the inhibition by La3+ is manifested asymmetrically on both sides of the synaptic plasma membrane. Lanthanides are probably not transported via the Na+-Ca2+ exchanger since Tb3+ entry measured by fluorescence of Tb3+-dipicolinic acid complex formation occurred at high Tb3+ concentrations only (1.5 mM or above) and was not Na+-gradient dependent. PMID- 6234025 TI - Isolation and characterization of transverse tubule from normal and dystrophic mice. AB - I have recently reported the isolation and characterization of sarcoplasmic reticulum from normal and dystrophic mice. These sarcoplasmic reticulum fractions were similar in calcium pump function, calcium release properties, and lipid composition. In this report, I describe the isolation of mouse muscle transverse tubule membranes using a calcium phosphate-loading technique. When the relative purity of normal and dystrophic preparations was considered, transverse tubule from normal and dystrophic mice were similar in calcium-insensitive ATPase activity, cholesterol content, and membrane microviscosity (as estimated by fluorescence polarization of 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene); transverse tubule yield from dystrophic muscle, however, was twice that from normal muscle, while sarcoplasmic reticulum yield from these same dystrophic muscles was only 60% that from normal muscle. This result may reflect a difference in the relative quantities of these membranes in situ. PMID- 6234026 TI - Mechanisms of secretion from adrenal chromaffin cells. PMID- 6234027 TI - Polyamines and heparin do not appreciably influence phosphorylation of chromatin proteins HMG 14 and HMG 17 by nuclear protein kinase II. AB - Phosphorylation of acidic substrates such as casein and phosvitin by nuclear protein kinase II is stimulated by polyamines and inhibited by heparin, which mimics an endogenous proteoglycan inhibitor. The phosphorylation in vitro of the chromatin proteins HMG 14 and HMG 17 by nuclear protein kinase II were examined in this study focusing on the modifying effects of polyamines and heparin. Both HMG proteins were phosphorylated by the enzyme, but polyamines did not appreciably influence the extent of their phosphorylation. In addition, heparin did not inhibit the kinase reaction with the HMG proteins as substrates. These results indicate that the nuclear protein kinase II does actively phosphorylate HMG 14 and HMG 17 in vitro but that in contrast to some model substrates, polyamines and heparin do not appreciably affect their phosphorylation. PMID- 6234029 TI - Glycoprotein Ib in the Triton-insoluble (cytoskeletal) fraction of blood platelets. AB - Glycoprotein Ib could be demonstrated in the Triton-insoluble (cytoskeletal) fraction of platelets prepared with EGTA by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and staining with the periodic acid Schiff's reagent. Crossed immunoelectrophoresis showed that glycoprotein Ib could be extracted from such Triton-insoluble residues when the extraction solution contained 1% Triton X-100 plus 5 mM CaCl2, but not if it also contained leupeptin. This indicates that glycoprotein Ib was associated to structures in the cytoskeletal fraction in such a way that it could be extracted only after activation of a calcium-dependent protease, and degradation of the actin-binding protein was demonstrated. After crossed immunoelectrophoresis of platelet extracts prepared in the presence of leupeptin or EDTA, a glycoprotein Ib-related, rocket-shaped immunoprecipitate was seen originating from the application well. This was interpreted as being related to glycoprotein Ib associated to actin polymers which did not sediment at low speed centrifugation. Incubation of platelets with 32P as sodium phosphate led to incorporation of phosphatase-sensitive 32P in all of the glycoprotein Ib-related immunoprecipitates except for that of glycocalicin. This supports the idea that glycoprotein Ib traverses the plasma membrane and can be phosphorylated at the inner surface whereas glycocalicin represents the terminal part of the glycoprotein Ib alpha-chain exposed at the outer surface. PMID- 6234028 TI - Influence of effectors of the complex-type-oligosaccharide biosynthesis on the formation of proteokeratan sulfate in bovine cornea. AB - The structural similarity of the inner core of complex-type prosthetic oligosaccharides of N-asparagine glycoproteins and of the linkage region between the polysaccharide part and the protein chain of cornea proteokeratan sulfate makes their biosynthesis via a common route an attractive hypothesis. To test this, a tissue culture system was established to determine the rate of proteokeratan sulfate biosynthesis in bovine cornea and to measure the influence of several effectors of the dolichol pathway on this rate. Addition of dolichyl phosphate enhanced the formation of proteokeratan sulfate. Tunicamycin, 2-deoxy-D glucose, bromoconduritol and deoxynojirimycin inhibited this process. Swainsonine probably led to the formation of a keratan sulfate with hybrid structure. The results support that the linkage region of cornea proteokeratan sulfate is synthesized via the assembly of a glucosylated dolichyl pyrophosphoryl oligosaccharide, its transfer to protein and subsequent processing by glycosidases. PMID- 6234031 TI - Age-related neuropsychological deficits in Down's syndrome. AB - Down's syndrome (DS) has been suggested as a high-risk condition for Dementia Alzheimer's type (DAT). In the present study, neuropsychological variables were assessed in 165 DS subjects and 163 matched mentally retarded controls. Overall, DS subjects had lower scores for orientation, digit span, visual memory, object naming, and general knowledge, as well as more "released" reflexes. Impairments were most evident in DS subjects greater than 50 years old. These findings provide further support for an association between aging and DAT in Down's syndrome. Methodological issues and areas for future research are discussed. PMID- 6234030 TI - [Ca-ATPase self-fluorescence in the sarcoplasmic reticulum of the rabbit skeletal muscle]. AB - The quenching of the intrinsic protein fluorescence of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca ATPase from the rabbit skeletal muscles by hydrophylic (NaI, CsCl) or hydrophobic (pyrene, fluorescamine) substances has been studied. CsCl (up to 1 M) has been shown not to affect the intrinsic protein fluorescence while NaI (250 mM) quenches it at 15%, pyrene (8 mkM) decreases the intrinsic fluorescence of Ca ATPase at 35% and fluorescamine (up to 40 mkM)--at 80%. Possible mechanisms of the interaction of the quenchers with the intrinsic fluorescence of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca-ATPase are being discussed. PMID- 6234032 TI - Suppression of phytohemagglutinin-stimulated lymphocyte blastogenesis by ovine uterine milk protein. AB - Two basic glycoproteins (UTM-P) with molecular weights of 57,000 and 59,000 were purified from ovine uterine milk collected on Days 125 and 130 of pregnancy. The UTM-P were evaluated for immunosuppressive activity in phytohemagglutinin (PHA) treated, mixed lymphocyte (MLC) and resting lymphocyte (RLC) cultures. For PHA and RLC cultures, UTM-P (2.5 to 800 micrograms UTM-P/ml) were added to 1 X 10(6) lymphocytes and 0.8 micrograms of PHA (for PHA cultures only), while for the MLC, UTM-P (50 to 1600 micrograms UTM-P/ml) were added to 5 X 10(5) lymphocytes combined from each of two ewes. Following [3H] thymidine addition, cells were later harvested for determination of thymidine incorporation. Lymphocyte blastogenesis was suppressed by UTM-P in PHA (R2 = 0.32 to 0.92, P less than 0.01 to 0.001), MLC (R2 = 0.8, P less than 0.001) and RLC (R2 = 0.65, P les than 0.01) experiments. To determine reversibility, PHA-treated lymphocytes were incubated with UTM-P for 6, 12 or 24 h, then washed to remove surface UTM-P. Incubation was continued in the presence of PHA as with other experiments. Exposure of lymphocytes to UTM-P for 6 or 12 h did not result in suppression of blastogenesis, whereas exposure for 24 h was sufficient for suppression (P less than 0.01). In an additional experiment, UTM-P were added to PHA-treated cultures at 0, 6, 12 or 24 h. Suppression (P less than 0.01) of blastogenesis was observed for each time period. Immunosuppressive activity was not mediated by overall cytotoxicity and was not affected by routine handling and storage of UTM-P. Data from these experiments provide one explanation for tolerance of the conceptus allograft during defined stages of ovine pregnancy. PMID- 6234033 TI - Monoclonal antibodies specific for platelet glycoproteins react with human monocytes. AB - Three monoclonal antibodies, P256 , P140, and P112 , react with the 135,000 mol wt IIb component of the glycoprotein IIb/IIa complex. They also react with a 200,000-mol wt protein present at low levels in the complex. Using immunofluorescence techniques, monoclonal antibodies P140 and P112 , but not P256 , can be shown to bind to 80% of human monocytes. However, P256 was able to immunoprecipitate the IIb/IIIa complex from detergent-solubilized monocytes, suggesting that the P256 epitope is less accessible on monocytes than on platelets. The monoclonal antibodies also precipitated molecules of approximately 200,000 mol wt from the monocytes. Two other monoclonal antibodies, J15 (specific for the IIb/IIIa complex) and AN51 (which reacts with the second major platelet glycoprotein complex, I), also react with monocytes. Binding of the monoclonal antibodies to the histiocytic cell line, U937, and promyelocytic cell line, HL 60, reflected the pattern of reaction with monocytes. The presence on monocytes of these glycoproteins, instrumental to the role of platelets in clotting, raises the possibility that monocytes might have similar functions in particular circumstances. PMID- 6234034 TI - Autoantibodies against platelet glycoprotein Ib in patients with chronic immune thrombocytopenic purpura. AB - The present studies provide direct evidence that some patients with chronic immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) have autoantibodies reactive with platelet glycoprotein Ib ( GPIb ). Microtiter wells coated with a monoclonal antibody that recognized GPIb were reacted with either platelet extract or a control cell extract. After washing and incubating with test plasma, well-bound IgG was quantitated using radioactive anti-IgG. When compared to plasma from normal subjects, plasma from 3 of 106 patients with chronic ITP had significantly increased quantities of IgG bound to microtiter wells reacted with platelet extracts. Negative results were obtained with the remaining 103 patients with chronic ITP and 59 patients with a variety of other platelet disorders. Plasma from two of the three positive patients precipitated a protein from 125I-surface labeled platelet extract with a molecular weight similar to GPlb . One of the three patients with anti- GPlb antibody also had demonstrable autoantibodies to the platelet glycoprotein llb / llla complex. PMID- 6234035 TI - Heterogeneity of human whole blood platelet subpopulations. III. Density dependent differences in subcellular constituents. AB - Structurally intact platelet cohorts of differing densities can be isolated from normal subjects by the use of isosmolar arabinogalactan density gradients. Using platelets separated in this fashion, we have studied the density-dependent distribution of four subcellular organelles: mitochondria, lysosomes, dense bodies, and alpha granules. Mitochondria, which are not secreted during platelet release, demonstrate a slow decline in monoamine oxidase activity within the gradient. Lysosomal beta-glucuronidase does not vary significantly with platelet density. In contrast, dense body number and endogenous serotonin content decrease significantly with decreasing platelet density, primarily as the result of differences in the number of storage organelles. Platelet factor 4 content declines rapidly in comparison to lysosomal activities (P less than .001 from bottom to top of the gradient); but beta-thromboglobulin, also an alpha granule component, exhibits considerably less change than platelet factor 4 (P less than .001). Thus, specific platelet subcellular constituents have different density distributions. We postulate that these density differences may be due to differential in vivo loss of selective biochemical constituents from unique subcellular compartments. PMID- 6234036 TI - Characterization of immature T cell subpopulations in neonatal blood. AB - A series of monoclonal antibodies directed against T cell differentiation antigens was used to identify circulating T cells in normal human neonates. Twenty-five cord blood samples, taken after cesarean or vaginal delivery, and 16 venous blood samples from normal adult controls were examined using monoclonal antibodies in an indirect immunofluorescence technique. The percentage of circulating OKT3 positive (pan-T cell) cells was significantly lower in the neonatal blood (52.8%) compared with the adult controls (74.9%) (P less than .001). Of the cord mononuclear cells, 58% showed reactivity with OKT10 (common thymocyte antigen) compared with only 7% in adult controls (P less than .001). The helper:suppressor T cell ratio was lower in cord blood (1:2) as compared with 1:3 for adult blood (P less than .005) as observed in these studies. These figures reflect the presence of a significant population (25%) of immature T cells in cord blood that expresses simultaneously both helper (OKT4) and suppressor (OKT8) phenotypes. Twenty-four percent of the T cells in cord blood also expressed OKT6 antigen (cortical thymocyte), a feature not found in adult blood. Double-labeling studies characterized a previously undescribed blood T cell phenotype, which was simultaneously OKT6 and OKT3 (pan-T cell) positive; of the cells reactive with OKT3, 43% also were positive with OKT6. This study reveals the presence of immature populations of T cells in normal human neonatal blood exhibiting phenotypes characteristic of normal developing thymocytes and a previously undescribed cell phenotype. PMID- 6234037 TI - Diminished helper/suppressor lymphocyte ratios and natural killer activity in recipients of repeated blood transfusions. AB - Immunologic abnormalities qualitatively similar to those seen in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), including a low helper/suppressor lymphocyte ratio and low natural killer (NK) activity, have been observed in many hemophiliacs receiving clotting factor concentrates. To determine whether these changes also occur after repeated blood transfusion, we measured helper/suppressor (T4/T8) ratios and NK activity in four groups of test subjects: (A) 30 subjects with sickle cell anemia (SCA) receiving monthly transfusions, (B) 30 nontransfused sickle cell anemia subjects, (C) 87 individuals with hemophilia or severe von Willebrand's disease, and (D) 30 normal controls. Like the hemophiliacs, transfused SCA subjects had low T4/T8 ratios and low NK activity compared to controls. Nontransfused SCA subjects had normal values. These findings suggest that a modest decrease in T4/T8 ratio and NK activity may be part of the normal immune response to repeated transfusion. PMID- 6234038 TI - Identification of pure and mixed basophil colonies in culture of human peripheral blood and marrow cells. AB - We present a colony assay system that allows in situ identification of human basophil/mast cell (basophil) colonies. In methylcellulose culture, in the presence of phytohemagglutinin-leukocyte conditioned media (PHA-LCM), human peripheral blood and bone marrow cells form colonies that can be distinguished by their unique morphological characteristics. Pure basophil colonies are diffuse, small colonies containing small, round, highly refractile cells. These characteristics of the constituent cells led us to the observation that a significant number of basophils are found in combination with eosinophils. The mixed eosinophil/basophil colonies have the distinctive elements of pure eosinophil and pure basophil colonies. Usually, these are diffuse colonies with compact clusters of slightly larger, darker-appearing cells. We also found colonies that contained basophils and neutrophils/monocytes, but this type could not be consistently identified by in situ morphology. Cytochemical analysis confirmed the metachromatic nature of the granules in the basophils. The presence of IgE receptors on the cells was documented by indirect immunofluorescent staining after passive sensitization with purified human IgE. Peripheral blood cells from six healthy volunteers formed 5.7 +/- 1.0 (mean +/- SEM) pure colonies in 2 X 10(5) cells. Cultures of bone marrow cells from patients with various types of anemia had 9.0 +/- 1.5 colonies in 10(5) cells. This is the first description of a colony assay system for in situ identification of a pure population of basophilic granulocytes. PMID- 6234039 TI - Sodium butyrate-induced adhesion in mastocytoma cells. AB - Sodium butyrate induced adhesion of cultured mastocytoma p-815 cells to the surface of a standard tissue culture grade petri dish. The ratio of the number of adherent cells to that of total cells (adherent plus floating cells) was dependent on the serum concentration and on the dose of sodium butyrate. During approximately the first 6 hr after the addition of sodium butyrate, no cells adhered. The optimum conditions for adhesion were provided by 2 mM sodium butyrate and 15% fetal calf serum, 44 hr after addition of this compound. Morphologically, adherent cells consisted of spindle-shaped and round cells: the latter clustered to the former. Low concentrations of actinomycin D (0.005 microgram/mL) and of cycloheximide (0.5 microgram/mL) inhibited cell adhesion. Adherent cells were easily detached by 0.25% trypsin-0.02% EDTA but not by EDTA alone. Adherent mastocytoma cells which were cultured in the presence of 2 mM sodium butyrate, re-adhered to the surface of the dish. The ratio of adhesion in the second dish, however, was very low (35% after 2 hr incubation). Radioactive iodinated surface proteins of butyrate-treated adherent cells showed two new bands (70,000 and 92,000 D) which were not detected in control cells, but there was no difference in the extent of labeling of high molecular weight protein (250,000 D) between butyrate-treated and control cells. PMID- 6234040 TI - Pathology of the cytoskeleton of the human sperm flagellum: axonemal and peri axonemal anomalies. AB - A quantitative ultrastructural study was performed on 56 ejaculates showing anomalies of the sperm axonemal complex. The anomalies comprised either the absence of one, or more often several, axonemal structures, or defective elongation of the doublets. Several characteristics relating to the extent and superimposition of the various anomalies could be described and enabled the definition of 6 groups of anomalies. In decreasing order of frequency these were: absence of the doublets and peripheral junctions, absence of the central complex, of the outer dynein arms, of the central junctions, of both dynein arms, and absence of the inner dynein arms and peripheral junctions. Some anomalies caused total immobility, whereas others caused abnormal movement patterns. Abnormalities of the peri-axonemal structures were found in each group. The various light microscopic characteristics of each of the 6 groups represented 6 seminal profiles which should permit their detection during a routine semen analysis. Several specific associations of axonemal and/or peri-axonemal anomalies would suggest some morphogenetic links between them. Relationships between the absence of doublets or the absence of the central complex and disturbances of microtubular polymerization are discussed. Finally, the study has provided new data on the composition of the axoneme. PMID- 6234041 TI - Role of the gonad cytoplasmic core during oogenesis of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. AB - In order to elucidate the function of the cytoplasmic core (or rachis: a structure specific of the nematode gonads), we have carried out a cytological study of this structure in the free-living nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, in wild-type and in several mutant strains showing an abnormal gametogenesis. We also performed an ultrastructural radioautographic study of RNA synthesis during oogenesis in order to examine the part played by the rachis in the transport of nutritive substances. Our results evidence for the first time a metabolite transfer from the germ cells to the cytoplasmic core and lead us to assign to the core a trophic role linked to oogenesis. A statistical analysis of silver grain distribution has led us to conclude that there is no accumulation of RNA labelling in any part of the cytoplasmic core. In addition, our studies performed on sterile mutant strains suggest that the cytoplasmic core may have a specific function in oogenesis determination. PMID- 6234042 TI - Interactions between human fibroblasts and HeLa cells in vitro. AB - Affinity toward each other was demonstrated in co-cultures between HeLa cells and fibroblasts originating from human tumor stromal or normal tissues. Both cell types in the mixed cultures (ratio 1:1, 1:2, 2:1) proliferated normally as shown by 3H-thymidine labeling index estimation for up to 48 hr of co-culture. At ratios of fibroblasts: HeLa lower than 1:10, fibroblasts were eventually eliminated after serial passaging. It was shown that 3H-nucleotides could be transferred between heterologous cells in either direction. Contact of cells was essential for this phenomenon. Transfer of the label from HeLa to fibroblasts required a longer interaction time and was evidently lower than the transfer from fibroblasts to HeLa. 3H-thymidine incorporated into the DNA of either cell type could not be transferred from one cell to another. The model provides a means for studying neoplastic X normal (or tumour stromal) cell interactions in vitro. PMID- 6234043 TI - Simultaneous visualization of acetylcholinesterase activity and acetylcholine receptor clusters at neuromuscular synapses in vivo and in vitro. AB - Our double labelling method allows the junctional AChE and AChR distributions to be stained in the same preparation. This method which provides good definition of the fine morphology of synaptic structure and is capable of revealing a very weak AChE activity is of a particular value in studies of synaptogenesis. PMID- 6234045 TI - Syntactic comprehension in Down's syndrome children. AB - The ability of 24 Down's syndrome children to act out active and passive semantically biased and neutral sentences in a comprehension task was compared with that of 24 non-retarded children, matched on the basis of their verbal comprehension scores on the Reynell Developmental Language Scale (Reynell, 1969). Down's syndrome children closely resembled control children both in terms of percentage correct responses and in terms of individual children's patterns of error. The results are taken as support for the proposition that the processes underlying language comprehension in the retarded are fundamentally the same as those of non-retarded children. Even so, there was evidence of a slight (6 to 12 months) delay in the appearance of syntactic strategies of comprehension by the Down's syndrome children compared with those non-retarded children matched with them in terms of verbal comprehension age. PMID- 6234044 TI - Alteration of monocrotaline pyrrole-induced cardiopulmonary effects in rats by hydrallazine, dexamethasone or sulphinpyrazone. AB - The effects of intraperitoneal hydrallazine, dexamethasone, or sulphinpyrazone on the toxicity of monocrotaline pyrrole (MCTP) were examined in rats 14 days after injection of MCTP (5 mg kg-1, i.v.). MCTP alone caused increases in lung weight, and of both lactate dehydrogenase activity and protein concentration in bronchopulmonary lavage fluid. Right ventricular hypertrophy also occurred. Hydrallazine (3 mg kg-1, daily), a vasodilator and platelet prostaglandin synthesis inhibitor, reduced the degree of right ventricular hypertrophy and the elevation in the concentration of protein in lavage fluid. Dexamethasone (27 micrograms kg-1, daily), an anti-inflammatory agent and inhibitor of phospholipase, also reduced the right ventricular hypertrophy and the increased protein concentration in lavage fluid caused by MCTP. Sulphinpyrazone (100 mg kg 1, twice daily), an inhibitor of platelet prostaglandin biosynthesis, prevented right ventricular hypertrophy in the MCTP treated rats without affecting any of the indices of lung injury. These results provide further support for the hypothesis that platelets and vasoconstrictor agents play a role in the development of MCTP-induced pulmonary hypertension. PMID- 6234046 TI - Seeding Dacron arterial prostheses with peritoneal mesothelial cells: a preliminary morphological study. AB - A preliminary laboratory study has been undertaken using dogs, in which porous Dacron arterial prostheses have been seeded with autologous peritoneal mesothelial cells before implantation into the arterial system. These cells were harvested from omentum by collagenase digestion and were introduced into the graft at the time of preclotting. Examination of the grafts by scanning and transmission electron microscopy one month after insertion showed no organized cellular lining in the control graft. In three seeded grafts there was a lining of mesothelial cells which extended over the whole surface of the grafts up to 1 cm from the suture lines. Selected areas of the grafts have been analysed morphometrically. In the seeded grafts there is a cellular layer which on average covers 94 per cent of the luminal surface. These results suggest that mesothelial cells, which both secrete prostacyclin and possess fibrinolytic activity, present a possible alternative to endothelium as a cellular lining for prosthetic grafts. PMID- 6234048 TI - Dyspareunia. PMID- 6234047 TI - Growth hormone releasing factor: comparison of two analogues and demonstration of hypothalamic defect in growth hormone release after radiotherapy. AB - Human pancreatic growth hormone releasing factor (hpGHRF(1-40] stimulates the release of growth hormone in normal subjects and some patients with growth hormone deficiency. A study comparing the shorter chain amidated analogue hpGHRF(1-29) with an equivalent dose of hpGHRF(1-40) in seven normal subjects showed no significant difference in growth hormone response between the two preparations. Six patients with prolactinomas were also tested; these patients had received megavoltage radiotherapy previously but had developed growth hormone deficiency as shown by insulin induced hypoglycaemia. In all six patients 200 micrograms hpGHRF(1-40) or hpGHRF(1-29)NH2 produced an increase in the serum growth hormone concentration. These data suggest that hpGHRF(1-29)NH2 may be useful for testing the readily releasable pool of growth hormone in the pituitary and that cases of hypothalamo-pituitary irradiation resulting in growth hormone deficiency may be due to failure of synthesis or delivery of endogenous GHRF from the hypothalamus to pituitary cells. PMID- 6234049 TI - Assessment of gastric cancer by laparoscopy. PMID- 6234051 TI - A high affinity Ca2+-ATPase in enriched nerve-ending plasma membranes. AB - A preparation of enriched synaptosomal plasma membrane (SPM) from mouse brain was found to contain a Mg2+-independent high affinity Ca2+-activated ATPase. The preparation readily accumulated Ca2+ at micromolar concentration from the medium in the presence or absence of Mg2+ and released previously accumulated calcium upon the addition of ATP. It is concluded that SPM Ca2+-ATPase may have a functional role in removal of cytosol Ca2+. PMID- 6234050 TI - Deaths after peritoneal lavage with mercuric chloride solutions: case report and review of the literature. PMID- 6234052 TI - Spinal cord acetylcholine content: the consequence of transection or treatment with the neurotoxin 6-aminonicotinamide. AB - The distribution of choline (Ch) and acetylcholine (ACh) within the rat spinal cord was found to be rather uniform with values for Ch of about 280 pmol/mg protein and for ACh of about 250 pmol/mg protein. Cord transection at the T10-11 level did not reduce ACh below the lesion but there was about a 30% decrease of ACh in the thoracic region suggesting the presence of cholinergic fibers that ascend and terminate within the cord. Treatment of rats with the neurotoxin 6 aminonicotinamide resulted in spastic hindlimb paralysis and a loss of ACh in the lumbar region of the cord. PMID- 6234053 TI - Sensory receptors and their afferents in the caudal sympathetic nerve of the domestic duck. AB - The behavioural reactivity of the visceral receptors and their afferents in the caudal sympathetic nerve (part of synsacral sympathetic chain) of domestic duck (Anas platyrhynchos) was studied using electrophysiological techniques to examine their involvement in different physiological functions. In total, 114 single unit activities were recorded from the caudal sympathetic nerve of duck. Receptors were classified according to location: in the anal sphincter (32 units), in the mucous membrane of the cloaca (45 units), at the branching point of the blood vessels over the rectum and adjacent mesentery (10 units), at the base of the feather follicles in and around the vent (17 units), and in the ventral and lateral lower abdominal wall muscle (10 units). Both spontaneous and non spontaneous receptors responded to mechanical stimuli; average frequency of discharge of non-spontaneous units being much higher. Most of these receptors were of the rapidly-adapting type. Only some receptors in the abdominal muscle layer, anal sphincter and mucous membrane of hind gut were of the slowly-adapting type. Some of the latter responded to intraluminal distension pressure. Except for responses to succinylcholine chloride by receptors in the abdominal wall muscles and some units in the external anal sphincter, mechanosensitive receptors were not responsive to chemical stimuli. The discharge rate of the receptors at the base of the feather follicles varied according to the strength of stimulus. Conduction velocity of the caudal sympathetic afferent fibres ranged from 2.5 to 45 m/sec. PMID- 6234054 TI - [The motoricity cycle of the small intestine]. AB - The electrical spike activity of the small intestine at the gastroduodenal junction occurs as migrating myoelectric complexes (MMCs), initiated regularly at intervals of 90-100 min. in the adult sheep and of 20-30 min. in the neonate. This ultradian rhythm, generated by the enteric nervous system, may become identical in the adult and in the neonate, by the use of methysergide which interacts with 5-HT myenteric neurones. The results suggest a postnatal development of a serotoninergic inhibitory system, involved in the control of the basic rest-activity cycle of the small intestine. PMID- 6234055 TI - Characteristic alterations in responses to imposed wrist displacements in parkinsonian rigidity and dystonia musculorum deformans. AB - The amplitude and temporal modulation of the segmented EMG activity in flexor carpi radialis, evoked by imposed angular wrist extension, was studied with respect to the level of pre-existing background activity in rigid parkinsonian (PK) and dystonia musculorum deformans (DMD) patients. The interdependence of the evoked M1 and M2-3 segments on pre-existing background EMG activity and initial velocity of imposed displacement was established previously for a normal population. Individual responses of 21 parkinsonian and 12 dystonic patients were compared to the established normal "response volume". The augmented magnitude of the M2-3 segment in rigid PK patients, which correlates to the measure of rigidity, could not be accounted for by the low level of pre-existing EMG activity. Therefore, increased descending facilitation does not impinge directly on alpha motoneurons. Paradoxical excitation in the shortened muscle and resetting of tonic tremor of the stretched muscle by the imposed wrist extension are two other demonstrated abnormalities which may also contribute to PK rigidity. In contrast, DMD patients demonstrated normal amplitude modulation of the M1 and M2-3 segments, but exhibited a disturbance of normal temporal mechanisms that result in constant duration of the M1 and M2-3 responses with imposed force step loads. PMID- 6234056 TI - Retrograde amnesia in Parkinson's disease. AB - Retrograde amnesia was assessed in demented and non-demented Parkinson's patients using a test of remote memory spanning the years from 1920-1979. Results indicated that the demented patients 1) scored significantly below normal controls and 2) had equal impairment for all time periods. This pattern was like that seen in other dementing illnesses (i.e., Huntington's and Alzheimer's diseases), but different from that in amnesic disorders, such as Korsakoff's syndrome. The data, therefore, suggest qualitative differences in pattern of remote memory loss between the dementias and amnesic syndromes. PMID- 6234057 TI - T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia with helper-cell phenotype and a review of the literature. AB - The majority of published cases of prolymphocytic leukemia (PLL) have been of B cell origin. Nineteen cases of PLL of T-cell type have been described, as has a single case of PLL having a surface phenotype with features of both B-cells and T cells. This report presents a review of these cases and comparison with one case of T-cell PLL. By using specific monoclonal antibody technique, this case was subcategorized into helper-cell phenotype: E-rosette(+), SIG(-), Anti-T(+), Anti B(-), Anti-monocyte(-), OKT3(+), OKT4(+), OKT6(-), OKT8(-), Ia(+), and Tdt(-). Cytochemical studies showed paranuclear acid phosphatase granules. Postmortem examination revealed a predominant T-cell zone infiltration by the leukemic cells in the spleen and lymph nodes, with involvement of multiple organs. The application of the monoclonal antibody technique, which can be standardized among different laboratories to subclassify lymphoproliferative disorders into functional subtypes, should lead to a better understanding and more effective treatment of this disease. PMID- 6234058 TI - The thymosins--preclinical and clinical studies with fraction V and alpha-I. PMID- 6234059 TI - Resistance of tumour cells to chemotherapy: importance of host defence factors. AB - The arguments favouring the hypothesis that chemotherapeutic agents might act in cooperation with host defence mechanisms are reviewed briefly. In patients with far advanced solid tumours plasma factors blocking in vitro immune reactions have been identified and successfully removed by immune adsorption or plasma exchange. By plasmapheresis performed in patients with metastatic malignancies resistant to chemotherapy it was possible to induce tumour regressions. In 25/28 patients responding to the combined plasmapheresis/chemotherapy procedure a positive correlation was found to clinical results and patterns of plasma-blocking factor activities. PMID- 6234060 TI - Resistance of human tumor cell lines to antifolates. PMID- 6234061 TI - Synthesis of 5-amino-5-deoxy-D-mannopyranose and 1,5-dideoxy-1,5-imino-D mannitol, and inhibition of alpha- and beta-D-mannosidases. AB - The title compounds and the corresponding L-gulo derivatives were synthesised in 6 steps from benzyl 2,3:5,6-di-O-isopropylidene-alpha-D-mannofuranoside. The Ki values, determined from inhibition studies with alpha-D-mannosidases from jack beans, almonds, and calf liver, and beta-D-mannosidase from Aspergillus wentii, ranged from 70 to 400 microM for the mannitol derivative and from 1.2 to 20 microM for 5-amino-5-deoxy-D-mannopyranose, i.e., inhibition is 10(2)-10(4)-fold stronger than with D-mannose. Marked enhancement of inhibition with increasing pH is ascribed to the ionisation of a carboxyl group at the active site, forming an ion pair with the protonated inhibitor. The inhibition equilibrium between the jack-bean enzyme and the mannose derivative was approached slowly with kapp 2.0 X 10(5) M-1 X min-1. The mannose-derived inhibitor was also inhibitory against beta D-glucosidases from almonds and Asp. wentii, with Ki values only 20-150-times larger than those for the inhibition of these enzymes by 5-amino-5-deoxy-D glucopyranose. This moderate discrimination in binding of D-gluco and D-manno derivatives is in marked contrast to the high specificity shown by the glucosidase in catalysing the hydrolysis of mannosidases. A similar low specificity with respect to binding, combined with highly specific catalysis, was also seen with the mannosidases acting on inhibitors and substrates with the D gluco configuration. PMID- 6234062 TI - Superficial femoral artery occlusion: observations that influence patient selection criteria for angioplasty. AB - The length of an arterial occlusion is one criterion for selection of patients for transluminal angioplasty. A technique is described to fully evaluate the length of a superficial femoral artery occlusion during diagnostic peripheral arteriography. PMID- 6234063 TI - "Pseudo" intramural injection following percutaneous transluminal angioplasty. AB - An angiographic appearance of "pseudo" intramural injection is commonly produced following intraluminal balloon dilatation resulting from the dehiscence of the atheromatous intima that is an unavoidable consequence, and not a complication of angioplasty. These angioplasty-induced changes differ from true intramural dissections in that they are confined to the dilatation site and do not extend beyond this area. PMID- 6234064 TI - Urokinase perfusion for axillary-subclavian vein thrombosis. AB - We report a single case of urokinase perfusion of axillary-subclavian vein thrombosis with the restoration of normal venous outflow of the arm. It is hoped that this will halt the usual sequelae causing chronic venous insufficiency. PMID- 6234065 TI - Cardiac compliance and dimensions in carbon monoxide-induced cardiomegaly. AB - Adult male rats inhaled 500 ppm CO continuously for 38 to 47 days to produce significant cardiomegaly. In a first experiment in which heart wall stiffness was examined, haematocrit rose 45.1% and the ratio of the sum of right ventricle (RV) and left ventricle (LV) to body weight (mg X g-1) increased from 2.69 to 3.34. Compliance (ml X mmHg-1) of CO LV's and RV's studied from 0 to 25 mmHg intraluminal pressure, was generally greater than that of LV's and RV's from controls at the same pressure. These differences were greater for RV's. There was no difference between control RV's and LV's at the same distending pressure. The differences between treated and control groups disappeared when compliance was normalised per g heart weight. In a second experiment in which heart dimensions were examined, haematocrit ratio increased 48.6% and 2V (RV + LV) to body weight ratio (mg X g-1) increased from 2.77 to 3.45. Atrial weight was also greater. LV apex to base length increased 6.4% and LV outside diameter increased 7.3. No significant differences in LV, RV or interventricular septum (S) thickness resulted from CO exposure, as measured at three sites in each, in four cross sections of the heart between the apex and base. In general, LV wall was slightly thicker than S, while RV was about 35% that of LV. The findings suggest that chronic carboxyhaemoglobinaemia produces largely eccentric cardiomegaly, and that there is no intrinsic change in wall stiffness. PMID- 6234066 TI - Relation between Ca2+-ATPase and endogenous calmodulin of human erythrocyte membranes. AB - Short incubation of erythrocyte membranes with oleic acid releases Ca2+ independently bound endogenous calmodulin together with a minor fraction of membrane-associated proteins without destruction of the membranes. The released endogenous calmodulin is similar if not identical to cytosolic calmodulin reversibly bound to ghosts in a Ca2+-dependent manner. The release of endogenous calmodulin proceeds without affecting the activity of Ca2+-ATPase when ghosts are incubated with oleic acid in the presence of Ca2+ plus ATP and thereafter freed from oleic acid by washings with serum albumin. Kinetic parameters of Ca2+-ATPase of ghosts with and without endogenous calmodulin are identical as are amounts of exogenous calmodulin bound to these ghosts. Thus, endogenous calmodulin does not function as an essential part of Ca2+-ATPase. PMID- 6234067 TI - Phenothiazine inhibition of calmodulin stimulates calcium-dependent potassium efflux in human red blood cells. AB - Elevation of red blood cell calcium increases the efflux of potassium. The active extrusion of calcium from the red cell is regulated by calmodulin. Phenothiazines bind to calmodulin in a calcium-dependent manner preventing the calmodulin from activating a wide variety of cellular processes. The present study shows that phenothiazines increase the efflux of potassium from red cells incubated with the calcium ionophore A23187. The dose dependent effect of trifluoperazine on potassium efflux correlates with its inhibition of Ca-ATPase activity. The phenothiazine effects are dependent upon ATP in that increases in potassium efflux are not observed in energy depleted cells. In calcium buffered ghosts no direct effect of calmodulin or an antibody to calmodulin can be shown. These data suggest that phenothiazines stimulate calcium-dependent potassium loss indirectly by a drug-induced blockage of the calmodulin-activated Ca-ATPase. PMID- 6234068 TI - T-cell responses induced by the parenteral injection of antigen-modified syngeneic cells. III. Dissociation of primed cytolytic T-cell and efferent suppressor-T-cell activity following intravenous injection of trinitrophenol modified syngeneic spleen cells. AB - The parenteral injection of ligand-coupled syngeneic spleen cells has profound effects on immune responsiveness. In this regard, it was examined whether the primed in vitro trinitrophenol (TNP)-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) responses observed in splenic T-cell populations from mice injected intravenously (iv) with syngeneic TNP-modified spleen cells (TNP-SC) are related to the efferent-acting suppressor-T-cell (Ts) activity observed in splenocytes from iv primed mice. Treatment of mice with cyclophosphamide, adult thymectomy, or monoclonal anti-I-J antiserum prior to the iv injection of TNP-SC was found to eliminate the ability of splenic Ts from these mice to suppress the passive transfer of delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) mediated by trinitrochlorobenzene immune T cells. In contrast, spleen cells from these pretreated mice showed no impairment in the development of augmented TNP-specific CTL responses upon in vitro restimulation with TNP-SC. Separation of the two activities was also achieved in a kinetic analysis. It is concluded that specific enhancement of CTL responsiveness induced by the iv injection of TNP-SC is related to the expansion of a population prelytic Lyt 2+ CTL effector cells which does not appear to contain efferent-acting Lyt 2+ Ts active in suppressing DTH expression. PMID- 6234069 TI - Suppression of interleukin-2 production by human concanavalin A-induced suppressor cells. AB - When PHA-activated normal responder cells (R cells) were cocultured with mononuclear cells (MN cells) which had been preincubated for 48 hr in medium alone (C cells) an enhanced proliferative response was observed. This enhancement was only obtained when the R cells were cultured with allogeneic C cells or when PHA was in the cocultures for the entire culture period. This effect was due to greater production of interleukin 2 (IL-2) by irradiated C cells in the presence of allogeneic or mitogenic stimulation. Con A-treated mononuclear cells (S cells) cultured with PHA-activated allogeneic or autologous responder cells showed reduced [3H]thymidine incorporation and IL-2 production as compared to activated R cells alone. Glutaraldehyde-treated S cells (which retained the ability to absorb IL-2) did not affect the proliferative response or IL-2 production by the R cells, indicating that passive absorption of IL-2 was not entirely responsible for suppression induced by S cells. S cells, pretreated with IL-2, still inhibited R-cell activity. These results show that Con A-treated MN cells suppressed or prevented [3H]thymidine incorporation by actively inhibiting IL-2 production. PMID- 6234070 TI - Human peritoneal macrophages possess two populations of IgG Fc receptors. AB - To characterize the binding properties of the Fc receptors on human macrophages, the binding of radiolabeled human IgG1 to peritoneal macrophages was assessed. Cells were obtained at the time of diagnostic laparoscopy from women undergoing evaluation of infertility. Macrophages bound on the average more IgG1 monomer than monocytes but the avidity with which both types of cells bound IgG1 monomer was comparable. By contrast, macrophages bound much more IgG1 dimers than monocytes. Scatchard plots of the binding of dimer to monocytes were linear, but plots of binding to macrophages were markedly curvilinear. This curvilinearity was not an artifact of extensive ligand internalization or catabolism by cells, since 80% of binding was reversible and there was very little catabolism of ligand in the medium. Assuming that the observed curvilinearity was due to the presence of two independent subpopulations of receptors, an objective estimate for the number of receptors per cell and of the avidity with which each subpopulation bound IgG1 dimer was obtained using a previously described computer program (Scatfit). The analysis of the binding of dimer to macrophages from six donors suggested the presence of 42,000 +/- 33,000 high avidity receptors per cell which bind IgG1 dimer with a mean Ka of 2.7 X 10(9) M-1 and 218,000 +/- 127,000 low avidity receptors which bind the same ligand with a Ka of 1.1 X 10(7) M-1. ADCC of IgG antibody-coated sheep red blood cells mediated by macrophages was less readily inhibited by soluble IgG1 monomer than ADCC mediated by peripheral blood monocytes. This provides further evidence for the presence of low avidity receptors which bind monomeric IgG1 poorly and also suggests that these sites are functionally active in triggering antibody-dependent immune clearance. PMID- 6234071 TI - Inhibition of lymphocyte proliferation by monoclonal antibody directed against the T3 antigen on human T cells. AB - Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 40% of normal donors are mitogenically unresponsive to UCHT1, a monoclonal antibody reactive to the T3 surface molecule on human T lymphocytes. Cell preparations from non-UCHT1 responders were used to examine whether and how interaction of UCHT1 with the T3 molecule affects T-cell functionality. It was found that UCHT1 profoundly (greater than 85%) suppressed lymphocyte proliferation induced by plant mitogens (phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and concanavalin A (Con A], recall antigen (candidin), and allogeneic non-T cells. The antibody abrogated both the production of interleukin 2 (IL-2) by and the expression of IL-2-specific receptors on T lymphocytes stimulated by PHA or allogeneic non-T cells. UCHT1 was maximally suppressive when added to cells within 2 hr (PHA stimulation) or 1 day (allogeneic non-T cell activation) after the initiation of the culture period. The inhibiting activity of UCHT1 could be related to its ability to modulate T3 molecules from the T-cell surface: both actions displayed the same antibody concentration dependence and had a comparable time dependence. Moreover, after modulation, unresponsive lymphocytes regained responsiveness to PHA in parallel with reexpression of surface T3 molecules. These findings are consistent with the idea that the human T3 molecule functions as an essential signal transducer during the early phases of T-cell activation. PMID- 6234072 TI - Peripheral T-cell subsets in chronic type B hepatitis: correlation with biochemical and histological activities and hepatitis B e antigen/antibody status. AB - Peripheral T-cell subsets in 77 patients with hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) positive chronic liver diseases were studied by indirect immunofluorescence using murine monoclonal antibodies against all peripheral T cells (OKT3), T helper/inducer cells (OKT4), and T-cytoxic/suppressor cells (OKT8). OKT4/OKT8 ratios were significantly reduced in patients with hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) positive chronic liver diseases, including 28 patients with chronic active hepatitis (CAH) (P less than 0.001) and 15 with chronic persistent hepatitis (CPH) (P less than 0.001). OKT4/OKT8 ratios were significantly lower in 21 HBeAg negative patients with CAH (P less than 0.05), as compared to those of 17 normal controls, while T-cell subsets in 13 patients with HBeAg-negative CPH were essentially normal. Low OKT4/OKT8 ratios significantly correlated with HBeAg positivity (P less than 0.001) and CAH (P less than 0.05), as assessed with multiple regression. There was a significant negative correlation between OKT4/OKT8 ratios and serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) levels (r = 0.37; P less than 0.01). It was concluded that in chronic hepatitis B virus infection, low OKT4/OKT8 ratios are closely related to active viral replication and more severe histological and biochemical activity. PMID- 6234073 TI - Drug modulation of chromosomal protein subtypes during specific phases of the submaxillary cell cycle. AB - The H1 subtype proteins a, b, c, d, e, and 1 degree and the high mobility group (HMG) proteins 14 and 17 were extracted from submaxillary gland (SMG) nuclei treated in vivo and sorted from specific phases of the cell cycle, and analyzed by gel electrophoresis. Significant differences in these proteins were noted between quiescent (GO) phase nuclei and proliferating nuclei in both stained and autoradiographic gels. Stimulation of the SMG into cell division with DL isoproterenol-HCl alone or in conjunction with sodium phenobarbital (PB) provided a system for the analysis of drug effects in stained, 3H lysine, and 32P pulse labeled nuclear proteins obtained from different phases of the cell cycle. PMID- 6234074 TI - HgCl2 increases the methemoglobin prooxidant activity. Possible mechanism of Hg2+ induced lipid peroxidation in erythrocytes. AB - In an attempt to elucidate the mechanism of initiation of peroxidation in HgCl2 treated erythrocytes, the effect of HgCl2 on methemoglobin-catalyzed lipid peroxidation was studied. It was found that HgCl2 reinforces the prooxidant action of methemoglobin. This effect seems not to be due to dissociation or degradation of the hemoglobin molecule to heme-containing fragments or iron containing products of low molecular weight. The results obtained indicate that Hg2+ increases the binding of oxy- and methemoglobin to liposomes. A suggestion is made that the acceleration of methemoglobin-catalyzed peroxidation by HgCl2 is mainly due to increased binding of methemoglobin to liposomes. On the basis of these results and the results obtained previously the possible mechanism of initiation of peroxidation in Hg2+-treated erythrocytes is discussed. PMID- 6234076 TI - [Expression of HBsAg in mammalian cells by cotransformation]. PMID- 6234075 TI - Protective effect of molybdenum on the acute toxicity of mercuric chloride. II. PMID- 6234078 TI - [Changes in serum levels of T4, T3 and TSH in TRH stimulation test among normal adults]. PMID- 6234077 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism in male]. PMID- 6234079 TI - [Radioimmunoassay of plasma aldosterone]. PMID- 6234081 TI - [Preliminary investigation on relationship between blood chemical components and aging process of healthy adults]. PMID- 6234080 TI - [Recording normal human electrocochleograms from tympanic promontory and tympanic membrane]. PMID- 6234082 TI - [Synthesis of d,1-4 beta-(3'-oxo-trans-octen-(1'))-5 alpha-benzoyloxy-3,3a beta,4,5,6,6a beta-hexahydro-2H-cyclopenta(b)furan-2-one(Ib)]. PMID- 6234083 TI - [Skin diseases in 504 diabetic patients]. PMID- 6234084 TI - [Clinical study on low birth weight infants]. PMID- 6234085 TI - [Changes in nucleic acid and cyclonucleotide contents in benzene poisoning]. PMID- 6234087 TI - [Hordeum dislichon--effects on serum prolactin and clinical trial on patients with galactorrhea]. PMID- 6234086 TI - [Scanning electron microscopic observation on pig lymphocytes and their rosettes]. PMID- 6234089 TI - [Chinese and western medicine classification of infant bronchial asthma and observation on its immunologic function]. PMID- 6234088 TI - [Treatment and prevention of ABO incompatibility during pregnancy with combined traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine and its effect on fetus and newborn]. PMID- 6234090 TI - [Neonatal hepatitis syndrome treated with combined traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine--analysis of 71 cases and a pathological report on 19 cases]. PMID- 6234091 TI - [Clinical and experimental observation on the effect of "Yun Pi therapy" in treating digestive disorders of infants and children--analysis of 203 cases]. PMID- 6234092 TI - [Effect of traditional Chinese antidiarrheals in treating acute infantile gastroenteritis and its effect on intestinal absorption]. PMID- 6234093 TI - [Clinical characteristics of acute infantile diarrhea of diverse etiology and treatment with Chinese medicine]. PMID- 6234094 TI - [Effect of enema with traditional Chinese medicinal herbs on chronic non-specific ulcerative colitis--analysis of 136 cases]. PMID- 6234095 TI - [A sequential analysis of emergency treatment of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia with injection of Qing pi]. PMID- 6234096 TI - [Preliminary observation on digestive function of aged people and patients with splenic deficiency]. PMID- 6234097 TI - [Clinical observation on therapeutic effect of semen Lactucae sativae on hypertension]. PMID- 6234098 TI - [Therapeutic effect of fever-clearing diuretic soup on 86 cases of acute nephritis in children]. PMID- 6234099 TI - [Immune effect of ginsenoside on mice and its mechanism]. PMID- 6234100 TI - [Effect of Pollen typhae on macrophage activity and regression of cholesterol granuloma of rats]. PMID- 6234101 TI - [Route of administration, dosage form and mechanism of action of Chinese medicine in treating acute diseases]. PMID- 6234102 TI - [A preliminary study on the relationship between the spleen-stomach theory of traditional Chinese medicine and gastro-entero-pancreatic endocrine system]. PMID- 6234103 TI - [Application of Chinese medicinal herbs to restore the liver function of patients with chronic hepatitis]. PMID- 6234104 TI - Antitumor activity of a nitrosourea derivative, CNUA, on murine tumors. AB - The antitumor activity of a new derivative of nitrosourea, 3-[3-(2-chloroethyl)-3 nitrosoureido]-3-deoxy-D-allose (CNUA), against murine tumors was studied. CNUA showed significant antitumor activity against L1210 leukemia, Lewis lung carcinoma, B-16 melanoma and autochthonous lung tumor induced by 1-ethyl-1 nitrosourea. The effect of CNUA, chlorozotocin, and ACNU on the peripheral white blood cell count (WBC) in normal CDF1 mice was examined. The lowest WBC count occurred 3 days after administration at the therapeutic dose level and the decreased value returned to the normal level 7-14 days following administration of CNUA and chlorozotocin. CNUA also exerted a depressive action on both humoral and cell-mediated immune response to sheep red blood cells determined by the serum hemagglutinin titer, plaque-forming cells in the spleen, and delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction, while the suppression was almost the same or less than that obtained with chlorozotocin when compared at the dose resulting in similar antitumor activity. These findings suggest that the antitumor activity of CNUA was not at all inferior to those of other nitrosoureas. The bone marrow toxicity was moderate and did not last long. PMID- 6234105 TI - New approach to metabolism of 5'-deoxy-5-fluorouridine in humans with fluorine-19 NMR. AB - The metabolism of 5'-deoxy-5-fluorouridine (5'dFUrd), an antitumor fluoropyrimidine, has been investigated in human biofluids (blood, plasma, urine) using a new method: fluorine-19 NMR spectrometry. This method allows direct study of the biological sample and simultaneous identification of all the fluorinated metabolites. In the blood of a patient treated with 5'dFUrd during a 6-h continuous perfusion, we observed unmetabolized 5'dFUrd, 5-fluorouracil, 5,6 dihydrofluorouracil, and another metabolite which has not previously been reported alpha-fluoro-beta-alanine. The two major metabolites in urine are unmetabolized 5'dFUrd and alpha-fluoro-beta-alanine. PMID- 6234107 TI - Enhancement of object-permanence performance in the Down's syndrome infant. AB - Four infants with Down's syndrome (aged 19-33 months) were presented with a restructured version of an object-permanence task. Restructuring consisted of the embedding of single trials of the task within a sequence of simpler, related steps. Following failure on a standard presentation of the task, three Down's syndrome (DS) infants demonstrated success on trials embedded in the training sequence. Comparison was made with the performance of normal infants (aged 14-19 months) matched in terms of failure on the pre-test. Only two out of nine normal infants registered success on the embedded trials. Results are discussed in terms of the differences between the DS infant and the normal infant, and the former's reliance on the deliberate structuring of his learning environment by a parent or educator. PMID- 6234106 TI - Educational provision, parental expectation and physical disability. AB - This research was focused firstly on the characteristics of 24 physically disabled pupils attending ordinary primary schools, and secondly on the views of their parents concerning external support services and educational provision. There was evidence that the pupils had received a considerable amount of professional attention. However, parents appeared to be disappointed by the quality of service on offer from professional agencies outside the school. By contrast, they expressed strong satisfaction with the response of teachers to the needs of their children. PMID- 6234108 TI - Myosin types in the human heart. An immunofluorescence study of normal and hypertrophied atrial and ventricular myocardium. AB - Two distinct myosin heavy chain isoforms, referred to as alpha and beta, were identified in the human heart with specific antimyosin antibodies. By indirect immunofluorescence, myosin heavy chain alpha was found to be a major component of atrial myosin and a minor component of ventricular myosin, while heavy chain beta was found to be a major component of ventricular myosin and a minor component of atrial myosin. In the normal heart, there was marked individual variability in the proportion of ventricular myocytes reactive for heavy chain alpha. Atrial myocytes staining for heavy chain beta were rare in the left atrium and more numerous in the right atrium, especially in the crista terminalis and in the interatrial septum. Surgical and autoptic specimens from hypertrophied left ventricles of patients with mitral regurgitation showed a myosin immunoreactivity pattern similar to that of normal specimens. Very rare muscle cells reactive for heavy chain alpha were seen in the hypertrophied left ventricles of subjects with hypertension and in the hypertrophied right ventricles of subjects with tetralogy of Fallot. A dramatic transformation of myosin heavy chain composition was observed in hypertrophied left atria of patients with mitral stenosis, with a shift to heavy chain beta in a large proportion of atrial myocytes. The findings indicate that chronic exposure to hemodynamic overload can induce marked changes in the myosin heavy chain composition of human atria, whereas it affects only slightly that of the ventricles. PMID- 6234109 TI - Maximal coronary flow and the concept of coronary vascular reserve. PMID- 6234111 TI - Sequential enumeration of peripheral blood T cell subsets in lichen planus. PMID- 6234110 TI - Computer interpretation of pediatric orthogonal electrocardiograms: statistical and deterministic classification methods. AB - Statistical multivariate and conventional deterministic methods of computerized interpretation of the electrocardiogram (ECG) were compared in the analysis of 1711 pediatric orthogonal ECGs validated by nonelectrocardiographic criteria on the basis of clinical and anatomic diagnoses. Among 642 children catheterized for the evaluation of congenital heart disease, there were 140 patients with left ventricular hypertrophy, 299 with right ventricular hypertrophy, and 203 with biventricular hypertrophy. A group of 1069 obviously healthy school children was studied as a control. The overall accuracy of multigroup ECG diagnosis was 85% and 79% for the statistical and deterministic methods, respectively. The diagnostic performances of both methods expressed in terms of sensitivity and predictive value were the highest for normal children and those with right ventricular hypertrophy and lowest for children with biventricular hypertrophy. The statistical method was more sensitive in the diagnosis of left ventricular hypertrophy (74% vs 64%), right ventricular hypertrophy (86% vs 83%), and biventricular hypertrophy (62% vs 50%). Mutual agreement for a correct diagnosis by the two methods was 83% for normal children and 82% for those with right ventricular hypertrophy but only 61% for children with left ventricular hypertrophy and 39% for those with biventricular hypertrophy. In conclusion, better classification results are obtained with statistical multivariate techniques as compared with conventional deterministic analysis, but both methods of ECG interpretation are complementary and their combination in the same electrocardiographic computer program can improve diagnostic accuracy. PMID- 6234112 TI - Immune responsiveness following intratracheal inoculation with Histoplasma capsulatum yeast cells. AB - Splenic in vitro immune responses from C57B1/6 mice have been evaluated after intratracheal (i.t.) or intravenous (i.v.) inoculation with live Histoplasma capsulatum yeast cells. Significant (P less than 0.005) numbers of cells reactive to heat killed H. capsulatum (HK-Hc) were present 1 week after i.t. inoculation with 5 X 10(5) viable yeast cells. In contrast, blastogenic responses to HK-Hc were not detected until 3 weeks after i.v. H. capsulatum inoculation. Examination of non-specific immunity, i.e. mixed lymphocyte responses to alloantigens and antibody formation to sheep erythrocytes, revealed a significant (P less than 0.005) and transient depression of these responses 1 week following i.t. H. capsulatum inoculation. The non-specific decreases associated with early (1 week) i.t. infection were not mediated by suppressor cells but were related to the number of viable yeast administered. PMID- 6234113 TI - Activation of immune regulatory circuits among OKT4+ cells by autologous mixed lymphocyte reactions. AB - We examined the nature of an autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction (AMLR) using T cell subsets defined by monoclonal antibodies. Cells capable of proliferating in the AMLR were demonstrated to reside in an OKT4+, but not an OKT8+, cell subset. With regard to the role of the T cell subsets recoverable from AMLR in the immune regulation, OKT4+ cells isolated from cells that had been activated for 3 days in AMLR did help pokeweed mitogen (PWM) stimulated immunoglobulin synthesis by autologous B cells. However, the OKT4+ cells activated for 6 days in AMLR exerted strong suppressor activity for PWM-induced immunoglobulin synthesis. Irradiation with 1,500 rad on activated OKT4+ cells in AMLR for 6 days not only eliminated the suppressor function but allowed for re-emergence of helper function. Cells exerting suppressor activity alone were recovered from OKT8+ cells stimulated with or without autologous non-T cells. These data suggest that OKT4+ cells activated in AMLR contain two functionally different subsets; one as helper cells and the other as suppressor cells. In addition, the emergence of OKT4+ suppressor function follows activation of the OKT4+ helper population, suggesting that a part of AMLR reflects a mechanism of 'feedback suppression' among OKT4+ cells. PMID- 6234115 TI - Lymphocyte phenotypes in patients with highly reduced T inducer to T cytotoxic/suppressor ratio. PMID- 6234114 TI - Release of prostaglandin E and thromboxane from macrophages by stimulation with factor H. AB - Recently novel actions of factor H of complement other than regulation of alternative pathway activation have been described. We examined the influence of H on the arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism of macrophages. Guinea-pig peritoneal macrophages cultured for up to 18 h under serum free conditions were supplied with homologous factor H. H, tested over a concentration range of 12.5-100 micrograms/ml, promoted an indomethacin sensitive release of prostaglandin E and thromboxane B2 in a dose-dependent manner. Stimulation of AA conversion to prostanoids in response to H was shown to be specific as evidenced by immunoabsorption experiments. This novel effect attests to the potential of H to act not only as regulatory protein of the complement pathway but also as an inducer of cellular release reactions. Moreover, these findings emphasize the close functional links that exist between the three main constituents of the inflammatory process: macrophages, the complement system and the AA cascade. PMID- 6234116 TI - The effect of theophyllamine on T-lymphocyte activation in vitro. AB - Theophyllamine in similar concentrations as the therapeutic serum level was found to inhibit the proliferative response in mixed lymphocyte cultures (MLC) and cultures stimulated with purified protein derivative of tuberculin (PPD). Theophyllamine inhibited interleukin 2 (IL-2) production of lymphocytes stimulated with phytohemaglutinin (PHA) and IL-2-dependent growth of T-cell lines, but had no effect on PPD pulsing of antigen-presenting cells. PMID- 6234117 TI - Identification of B-cell and T-helper-cell defects, and of suppressor cell hyperactivity, in humoral immunodeficiency. AB - Methods are described for distinguishing between intrinsic B-cell defects, T helper-cell defects, and suppressor cell hyperactivity in patients who fail to secrete immunoglobulin when peripheral blood mononuclear cells are stimulated with pokeweed mitogen. Control cells which respond to pokeweed mitogen are made unresponsive by depleting B cells or OKT4+ cells, and the missing subset, purified from the patient's peripheral blood mononuclear cells, is added back to examine its functional activity. Alternatively, hyperactivity of OKT8+ putative suppressor T cells or suppressor monocytes is evaluated by depleting these populations from the patient's peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Four patients who produced few plaque-forming cells in response to pokeweed mitogen were investigated: two had intrinsic B-cell deficiencies, one had T-helper-cell deficiency, and one had T-suppressor-cell hyperactivity. PMID- 6234118 TI - T-cell subsets in multiple sclerosis: a comparative study between cell surface antigens and function. AB - Pokeweed mitogen (PWM)-driven immunoglobulin synthesis (IgG, IgA, IgM) and concanavalin A (Con A)-stimulated suppression of allogeneic mixed leukocyte reaction (MLR) were studied and compared to T-cell subsets defined by monoclonal antibodies OKT4 and OKT8 in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). The group of patients with active progressive MS showed diminished suppressor activity as measured by T-cell functional tests and also an elevated OKT4/OKT8 ratio. The group of MS patients in remission did not show these abnormalities. However, this correlation between functional tests and T-cell phenotypes was not found when separate individuals were considered within the subgroups of MS. Since neither OKT4 nor OKT8-reactive cells represent homogeneous functional subsets of T cells, the OKT4/OKT8 ratio does not account for the functional immunological status of separate individuals but rather provides a global evaluation of T-cell subset disturbances in different groups of diseases. PMID- 6234119 TI - Changes in mitogen responsiveness lymphocyte subsets after traumatic injury: relation to development of sepsis. AB - Head injury and multiple trauma patients were evaluated for mitogen responsiveness and lymphocyte subset frequencies within the first few days after injury. The profile obtained was compared to the patient's clinical course to see if there was a relation between early immune abnormalities and the subsequent development of unanticipated sepsis. Lymphocytes from multiple trauma patients were generally hyporesponsive to in vitro stimulation with a suboptimal dose of the mitogen phytohemagglutinin (PHA). In contrast, the response of head injured patients was comparable to that of the control group. There was a significant decrease in the relative number of multiple trauma patient's T4 (29.3 vs 48.6%) and T11 (48.9 vs 74.7%) positive populations (P less than 0.01). There was no change in the percentage of T8-positive cells (19.0 vs 20.5%). Patients with head injuries also had a decrease in T4-positive cells (35.9%). The percentage of cells with B cell and natural killer (NK) markers remained normal. Thus trauma patients appeared to have an increase in null cells. Six patients whose PHA responses were among the lowest developed sepsis early after trauma. The changes in subset distributions although possibly contributing to a decreased responsiveness did not predict the ability to respond to PHA or the development of sepsis. PMID- 6234120 TI - Nifedipine nephritis. PMID- 6234121 TI - [Drug surveillance. Monitoring the side-effects of drugs in the post-marketing phase: cimetidine. II]. PMID- 6234122 TI - [Use of buflomedil in the treatment of obliterative arteriopathies of the lower extremities. Clinical and functional study]. PMID- 6234123 TI - [Evaluation of the pharmaco-clinical activity of an association of corticoadrenal extracts, group B vitamins and folinic acid in geriatric patients]. PMID- 6234124 TI - [Considerations on the use of piroxicam in patients with pathology caused by strain]. PMID- 6234125 TI - [Evaluation of the efficacy of a single daily administration of slow-release diclofenac in the treatment of degenerative and non-degenerative arthropathies. Multicenter study concerning 643 patients]. PMID- 6234126 TI - [Drug-induced neuropathies]. PMID- 6234127 TI - [Modern technologic accomplishments in the therapeutic treatment of diabetes mellitus: the artificial pancreas and micropumps]. PMID- 6234128 TI - [Farmer's lung]. PMID- 6234129 TI - [Sleep: its nature and methods of measurement]. PMID- 6234130 TI - [Benzodiazepine hypnotics: significance of pharmacokinetics in relation to their clinical use]. PMID- 6234131 TI - [Benzodiazepines: effects on sleep and on attention capacity the following day. Long-term study administration of lormetazepam and flurazepam]. PMID- 6234132 TI - [Uses, role and limitations of computerized tomography (CT) in mediastinal and cardiac diagnostics and the prospects of use of new related methods]. PMID- 6234133 TI - [The physician face to face with the alcohol-abusing patient]. PMID- 6234134 TI - [Opening of the Fatebenefratelli Hospital School of Obstetrics and Gynecology on the Tiberina Island. Lecture on artificial insemination and structures]. PMID- 6234135 TI - Hand dermatitis in dental technicians. AB - The incidence of hand dermatitis and contact allergies was analyzed among dental technicians. A survey was carried out by postal questionnaire. It was returned by 106 technicians (88%); 30 had had skin problems, and 20 (19%) had present eruptions. All 20 were invited to a detailed dermatological investigation, but only seven participated. Epicutaneous tests to prosthetic materials were negative in these patients. The hand eruptions in 4 patients appeared to be irritant. 4 other patients (4%), who had had previous hand dermatitis, had a history of positive patch test reactions to methyl methacrylate, but they had become symptomless and refused to participate in further studies. PMID- 6234136 TI - Contact dermatitis due to endotoxin in irradiated latex gloves. AB - This case report describes contact dermatitis of the dyshidrotic type of the hands of a worker subjected to minor trauma. The source of the irritation was linked to bacterial endotoxin in latex gloves. Irradiated sterilized gloves and software may contain significant endotoxin levels because the irradiation does not affect endotoxin itself. The irradiation of the bacteria actually increases endotoxin levels when the bacterial count is elevated. Sweating under these gloves may enhance entry into the skin with subsequent reaction as endotoxin is water soluble. PMID- 6234137 TI - Sensitization to dental acrylic compounds. PMID- 6234138 TI - Sensitization to 2-n-decylaminoethanethiol. PMID- 6234139 TI - Low incidence of occupational dermatitis from chromate. PMID- 6234140 TI - Occupational airborne irritant contact reaction to the dust of a food additive. PMID- 6234141 TI - Contact allergy to thiurams. PMID- 6234142 TI - Chromium dermatitis and ascorbic acid. PMID- 6234143 TI - Benzoyl peroxide reactions in acne patients. PMID- 6234144 TI - The sensitizing potential of di-(meth)acrylates based on bisphenol A or epoxy resin in the guinea pig. AB - Most composite materials in dentistry used today, contain resins based on dimethacrylates. BIS-GMA [2,2-bis-(4-(2-hydroxy-3 methacryloxypropoxy)phenyl)propane], the addition reaction product of bisphenol A and glycidyl methacrylate or an epoxy resin and methacrylic acid, is used most extensively. More recently, dimethacrylates based on bisphenol A, with various chain lengths have appeared on the market as a substitute for or in addition to BIS-GMA. Such compounds are BIS-MA [2,2-bis-(4-(methacryloxy)phenyl)propane], BIS EMA [2,2-bis-(4-(2-methacryloxyethoxy)phenyl)propane] and BIS-PMA [2,2-bis-(4-(3 methacryloxypropoxy)phenyl)propane]. Increasing interest in the radiaton cure of coatings and printing inks have focused attention on these substances and on epoxy diacrylates as radiation-curable resins. The sensitizing capacity of the different acrylates based on bisphenol A or epoxy resin have been investigated with the guinea pig maximization test. The pattern of simultaneous reactivity of the compounds was also studied. Epoxy diacrylate [2,2-bis-(4-(2-hydroxy-3 acryloxy-propoxy)phenyl)propane], BIS-EMA and BIS-MA are shown to be strong sensitizers, while the linear fraction of BIS-GMA and its isomers and BIS-PMA have none or a low sensitizing capacity. The impurities in the BIS-GMA and BIS-MA batches seem to have high allergenic potential. These results stress the importance of a pure substance when discussing allergenicity and cross reactions. PMID- 6234146 TI - Comparison of three types of tubal sterilisation: the medan experience. AB - Three methods of tubal sterilisation, viz. laparoscopy, culdoscopy and minilaparotomy, were evaluated in a trial involving 300 voluntary acceptors at the University Hospital in Medan, Indonesia. Equal numbers of women were randomly assigned to the three surgical groups. The results showed little differences among patients in the three groups for age, number of living children, contraceptive and abortion histories and pre-existing medical conditions. As expected, average surgical time for minilaparotomy was significantly higher than the times reported for the endoscopic techniques. Minilaparotomy also produced the highest incidence of operative complications while culdoscopy accounted for the highest rate of hospitalisation following operation. Four-year follow-up of the patients revealed only one case of pregnancy in the culdoscopy group, three years after tubectomy . PMID- 6234145 TI - Return of ovulation following a single injection of depo-medroxyprogesterone acetate: a pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic study. AB - The effect of a single dose of 150 mg of depo-medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) on pituitary, ovarian and endometrial function was assessed in relation to the peripheral levels of the compound in 8 women. The levels of medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA), follitropin (FSH), lutropin (LH), prolactin, estradiol (E2) and progesterone ( Prog .) were measured 3 times a week during a pretreatment (control) cycle and then daily during postinjection weeks 14-17, 22-25 and 30-33. An endometrial biopsy specimen was obtained during postinjection weeks 17, 25 and 33. In three out of 8 subjects the daily hormone assays carried out during postinjection weeks 30-33 indicated anovulatory periods; in these subjects peripheral blood was drawn daily during postinjection weeks 46-49 and a fourth endometrial biopsy was taken during week 49. PMID- 6234147 TI - The effects of chronic administration of LH-RH agonists and antagonists on the menstrual cycle and endometrium of the rhesus monkey. AB - Regularly cycling rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) were used to study the effects of prolonged administration of LH-RH analogs on the menstrual cycle and the endometrium. According to the treatment, animals were divided into: Group 1, vehicle; Group 2, LH-RH agonist (D-Trp6 LH-RH, 20 micrograms/day); and Group 3, LH-RH antagonist [( N-Ac-D-Trp1,3, D-p-Cl-Phe2,D-Arg6,D- Ala10 ]-LH-RH,200 micrograms/day) for 90 days. Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P) were measured every second day until thirty days past the discontinuation of drug administration. Endometrial biopsies were obtained on days 10, 40, 90 and 120 and processed for histologic exam and determination of estrogen (E) and progesterone receptors. Animals of Group 1 presented regular cycles, while those in Groups 2 and 3 remained anovulatory throughout the treatment. Animals of Group 2 presented different degrees of endometrial hyperplasia during treatment and animals of Group 3 showed either resting or atrophic endometrium. Administration of LH-RH agonist produced a marked increase in E and P endometrial receptors and the antagonist produced a decrease in P receptors. In both instances, reversal of the effects on the menstrual cycle and in the endometrium was observed 30 days after discontinuation of drug administration. PMID- 6234148 TI - Changes in serum apo-lipoprotein AI and sex-hormone-binding globulin levels after treatment with two different progestins administered alone and in combination with ethinyl estradiol. AB - Twenty women, oophorectomized as part of the surgical treatment for cervical carcinoma in either clinical stage IB or IIA but otherwise healthy, participated in the study. After a period of six weeks without hormonal treatment, ten of them were given 150 micrograms desogestrel (DG) daily for three weeks followed by 150 micrograms DG + 30 micrograms ethinyl estradiol (EE) for six weeks and, finally, 30 micrograms EE alone for three weeks. The remaining ten women were given 150 micrograms levonorgestrel (NORG) and EE in a similar regimen. Before treatment and after each period of treatment, apo-lipoprotein AI and sex-hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) were assayed in serum. Both progestins decreased apo-AI and SHBG when given alone, thereby indicating an "androgenic" influence. In combination with EE, however, DG seems to be less "anti-oestrogenic" than NORG, as judged from the higher apo-AI and SHBG values after the combination DG + EE compared to those after NORG + EE. PMID- 6234149 TI - Exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage in exercising Thoroughbreds: preliminary results with pre-exercise medication. AB - Thoroughbreds with a confirmed history of exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage (EIPH) were treated pre-exercise with atropine sulfate, cromolyn, ipratropium or furosemide. Atropine prevented EIPH in 3 of 3 trials in 1 horse, while having no significant effect on bleeding status in the other 2 horses. Pre-exercise treatment with cromolyn had no significant effects in the 3 horses. Pre-exercise treatment of ipratropium was apparently responsible for preventing EIPH in 17 out of 18 trials in 2 horses. The pharmacologic properties of ipratropium in the horse have not been studied, but based on human investigation it seems most probable that its bronchodilator effects are responsible for preventing EIPH in the 2 horses. Furosemide administered in different dosages and time intervals prior to exercise did not prevent EIPH in these 3 horses. PMID- 6234150 TI - Activator of Ca2+-transport in the lens. AB - It has been hypothesized that an activator of Ca-ATPase co-exists with Ca-ATPase in the mouse lens. Though the Ca-ATPase activity could be measured from mouse lens homogenate, its activity could not be determined in individual soluble and insoluble fractions. The Ca-ATPase activity, however, could be detected when an activator of this enzyme such as calmodulin was added to the lens insoluble fraction. This enzyme in the lens insoluble fraction was activated also by addition of soluble fraction. The Ca-ATPase in homogenate was inhibited by chlorpromazine and N-(6-amino-hexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphthalenesulfonamide (W-7), which are calmodulin antagonists. When the mouse lens was incubated with W-7, the degree of the lens opacification increased in relation to W-7 concentration. PMID- 6234151 TI - [Results of multiple surgical therapy in pronounced acne conglobata]. AB - Acne conglobata - hidradenitis suppurativa - as a particular form of acne vulgaris is, in its pronounced, chronic progressive form, incontrollable by conservative means. Smaller foci of infection need only a local excision of skin and subcutis followed by primary wound closure or secondary healing. When large areas are involved, a generous excision including removal of the fistula system is followed by a 1-3 week intermediary phase with hydrotherapy and antiseptic local treatment. Clean granulation is waited upon and covered in a second session with a skin grafting. In the area of joints, a third session with flap-plastic under sterile conditions is necessary, if limitations to motility are present or are threatened by scar contracture. From 1975-1982, 14 patients with pronounced acne conglobata were successfully treated by a surgical procedure in multiple sittings. All patients could, in this manner, be rehabilitated both professionally and socially. PMID- 6234152 TI - Incorporation of 35S-sulfate and 3H-glucosamine into heparan and chondroitin sulfates during the cell cycle of B16-F10 cells. AB - Changes in glycosaminoglycan composition occurring during the cell cycle were determined in B16-F10 cells sorted flow cytometrically with respect to DNA content. Incorporation of 35S-sulfate into heparan sulfate and chondroitin sulfate of unsorted and G1,S, and G2 +M sorted cells was determined following chondroitinase ABC or nitrous acid treatment; the incorporation into surface material was measured as the difference between the radioactivity of control and trypsin-treated cells. Incorporation of 35S-sulfate and 3H-glucosamine into cetyl pyridinium chloride (CPC)-precipitable material was characterized before and after chondroitinase or nitrous acid treatment by Sephadex G50 chromatography. Long-term (48 h) and short-term (1 h) labeling studies demonstrate that (a) the amount of total cellular chondroitin sulfate is greater than that of heparan sulfate, with larger amounts of unsulfated heparan than chondroitin being present; (b) the rate of turnover of heparan sulfate is greater than that of chondroitin sulfate; (c) greatest short-term incorporation of 3H-glucosamine into CPC-precipitable material occurs during S phase; and (d) the rate of turnover of both heparan sulfate and chondroitin sulfate is decreased in S phase relative to G1 and G2 + M. PMID- 6234153 TI - [Binding of phage lambda cro repressor with an operator fragment]. PMID- 6234154 TI - [Changes in the extractability of core histones from nuclei after their mild hydrolysis by DNAse I]. PMID- 6234155 TI - [New protective skin cream from hydrocarbon gel]. AB - In a one-year study we tested the skin care and protective action of a new hydrocarbon gel. This gel is made of a two-component gel of petrolatum fractions in which the easily volatile and irritant white oils have been diminished. The gel contains no additives or perfumes and is therefore free of these allergens. The tests on different groups of "wet workers" ( gardeners and fish- sellers as well as workers in the fish preparation and canned-food industries) showed both objectively and subjectively good results. PMID- 6234156 TI - [Nickel eczema in young girls. Contribution to the question of the predictive patch test and the prevention of occupational diseases]. AB - This is a review on contact allergy to nickel, based on the new literature (56 references) and our own case studies of 29 patients. The great majority of persons having an eczematous reaction to nickel are women. To what extent these allergies are due to occupation or to constant contact with nickel-containing articles such as buckles , jeans buttons and jewelry is examined in detail. An opinion is given as to whether nickel eczema should be recognized as an occupational disease. Its importance in selecting one's profession is also discussed. The professions which frequently bring one into contact with nickel are summarized on a table. The various localisations and their causes are included on another table. The cases analyzed here indicate that nearly all patients with nickel eczema acquired their contact allergy outside their occupations, often before they had even entered professional life. It is therefore very important for one entering a "nickel profession" to be given a predictive test for nickel allergy, but above all to be inquired as to any eczematous conditions the prospective employee has experienced previously. PMID- 6234157 TI - Inhibition of ATPase activities of brain and liver homogenates by triethyltin (TET). PMID- 6234158 TI - Diagnosis of drug-induced occupational allergy by lymphocyte transformation test. PMID- 6234159 TI - Mercuric chloride intoxication in freshwater prawn. I. Effect on carbohydrate metabolism. AB - The effects of mercuric chloride on the glycogen content of various tissues and on the hemolymph glucose level of freshwater prawns, Macrobrachium lamarrei (M. Edwards), have been studied. Mercuric chloride depleted the glycogen content of different tissues. The hemolymph glucose level was decreased within 24 hr and later increased significantly up to 72 hr. Further, a remarkable decrease in glucose level was observed after 96 hr. The possible cause of disturbance in carbohydrate metabolism in relation to mercury intoxication is briefly discussed. PMID- 6234161 TI - Immune responsiveness and phagocytic activity of macrophages in streptozotocin (SZ)-induced diabetic mice. AB - We succeeded in inducing different severities of diabetic state in C3H male mice by repeated intraperitoneal injections of various doses of SZ. SZ-induced diabetic mice were divided into four groups as follows: Group A, B, C and D. SZ, respectively, 3, 5 doses of 45 mg/kg, 5 doses of 60 mg/kg on consecutive days and one of a dose of 200 mg/kg BW. The degree of hyperglycemia and glycosuria were mild in group A and D. Group B was moderate and group C severe with ketonuria and loss of body weight. We investigated the immune response to anti-sheep red blood cells (SRBC) and the phagocytic activity of macrophages in the above mentioned various SZ-induced mice. Antibody forming activities (values of anti-SRBC plaque forming cells (PFC) and serum agglutinin) were markedly depressed in all of SZ diabetic groups. The degree of the suppression of antibody response to SRBC in SZ diabetic mice corresponded with the severity of the diabetic state (C greater than B greater than A = D). However, the phagocytic activity of peritoneal macrophages in SZ-diabetic mice was as high as or higher than that in normal controls, using both latex beads and immune complex as test particles. Moreover, we observed that insulin treatment reversed the defect in the immune response in SZ-diabetic mice. These results indicate that the phagocytic activity of peritoneal macrophages was retained but the antibody response was impaired in the SZ-diabetic mice, and this suggested that the impaired antibody response may be a contributing cause of increased susceptibility to infections in a diabetic state. PMID- 6234160 TI - Therapeutic effects of dehydroepiandrosterone metabolites in diabetes mutant mice (C57BL/KsJ-db/db). AB - Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) fed at 0.4% in the diet is known to exert strong antihyperglycemic effects in C57BL/KsJ genetically diabetic (db/db) mice. Three of the major metabolic products of DHEA; DHEA sulfate, alpha hydroxyetiocholanolone (alpha-ET), and beta-hydroxyetiocholanolone (beta-ET) when fed at 0.1% in the diet, and one putative product, 17 beta-estradiol, when fed at 0.005% also prevented the development of severe diabetes while having little effect on the amount of food eaten or the rate of weight gain. When suboptimal doses (5-20 micrograms/week) of estradiol were injected in combination with diets containing either alpha-ET or beta-ET, marked potentiating effect was noted, normalization of the hyperglycemia being produced with as little as 0.025% of beta-ET and 0.05% of alpha-ET. The ability of the etiocholanolones to maintain islet integrity and prevent the development of most diabetes symptoms suggests that these metabolites are not merely inactive end products of steroid metabolism, but are physiological effectors in their own right. PMID- 6234163 TI - Homologies between different procaryotic DNA-binding regulatory proteins and between their sites of action. AB - Comparison of the amino acid sequences of 13 procaryotic regulatory proteins, including the products of genes crp (catabolite activator protein; CAP), lacI, galR , lexA, lysR, araC, trpR, and tnpR of Escherichia coli, of genes cI, cII and cro of phage lambda, cro of phage 434, and c2 of phage P22, has revealed two regions of homology. The sites of action of these proteins also share common features in their DNA sequence. Taking into account the models proposed for the lambda repressors, cro and cI, and for CAP, a general type of DNA-protein interaction is suggested. PMID- 6234162 TI - Immunologic mechanisms of parenchymal lung injury. AB - The lung, like most other organs, is susceptible to injury by circulating immune complexes, and also by humoral autoantibody and immune lymphocytes which specifically recognize selected lung antigens. In addition, by virtue of its direct communication with the external environment, the lung can also be injured by inhaled environmental agents which trigger inflammatory reactions mediated by immune effector systems. Although major emphasis to date has been placed on the ability of inhaled antigens to first sensitize, then provoke, immunologically specific reactions in the lung, there is increasing evidence to show that these same immune effector systems are also triggered in an immunologically nonspecific fashion by a certain environmental agents (termed "mitogens") which activate leukocytes in a polyclonal fashion. Such agents include certain viruses and other microorganisms, bacterial endotoxin, a wide variety of plant lectins, and certain chemicals, such as the phorbol esters. Although such agents act in an immunologically nonspecific fashion, they are nonetheless quite specific from a chemical viewpoint, and in many cases act by binding to specific receptors on the cell surface. By activating macrophages directly, and by activating much larger percentages of a given lymphocyte population than do specific antigens, they induce correspondingly amplified inflammatory reactions in vivo. Recent studies with animal models indicate that inhaled mitogens are strikingly effective in inducing pulmonary inflammation, whereas inhaled antigens (lacking mitogenic activity) produce little if any parenchymal injury in immunized recipients, unless administered in conjunction with a mitogen. Ongoing studies using such models promise to provide valuable new insight into the biologic properties which govern the pathogenicity of inhaled environmental agents, the mediators they release, and the biochemical basis for variations in individual susceptibility to injury by such agents. PMID- 6234164 TI - The sequence of a human immunoglobulin epsilon heavy chain constant region gene, and evidence for three non-allelic genes. AB - An immunoglobulin epsilon heavy chain gene was isolated from a DNA library of the human epsilon chain-producing myeloma 266B1 , using a JH gene region probe. The gene was shown to be the one expressed in the myeloma by Southern hybridisation analysis and by comparison of nucleotide sequences with the known amino acid sequence of the epsilon chain made by the myeloma. The gene consists of a variable region segment separated from a constant region segment by a 3.5-kb intervening sequence. The complete sequence of the constant region gene segment shows that this segment is split by intervening sequences into four coding segments corresponding to the four constant region domains of the protein. Using the cloned epsilon constant region gene segment as a probe we obtained evidence, from Southern hybridisation analysis, for three non-allelic epsilon constant region genes. An order on the chromosome for these three genes can be predicted from their pattern of retention in myeloma 266B1 DNA. PMID- 6234166 TI - Characterization of the vacuolar ATPase activity of the crassulacean-acid metabolism plant Kalanchoe daigremontiana. Receptor modulating. AB - Plants performing crassulacean acid metabolism show a large nocturnal accumulation of malic acid in the vacuole of the photosynthetic cells. It has been postulated that an H+-translocating ATPase energizes the transport of malic acid across the tonoplast into the vacuole. In the present work we have characterized the ATPase activity associated with vacuoles of the crassulacean acid-metabolism plant Kalanchoe daigremontiana and compare it with other phosphohydrolases. Vacuoles were isolated by polybase-induced lysis of mesophyll cell protoplasts. The vacuoles had a high activity of unspecific acid phosphatase (pH optimum 5.3). The acid phosphatase was strongly inhibited by ammonium molybdate (with 50% inhibition at about 0.5 mmol m-3), but was not completely inhibited even at much higher ammonium-molybdate concentrations. In contrast, the vacuolar ATPase activity, assayed in the presence of 100 mmol m-3 ammonium molybdate, had a pH optimum of 8.0. ATP was the preferred substrate, but GTP, ITP and ADP were hydrolyzed at appreciable rates. The mean ATPase activity at pH 8.0 was 14.5 nmol h-1 (10(3) vacuoles)-1, an average 13% of which was attributable to residual acid-phosphatase activity. Inorganic-pyrophosphatase activity could not be demonstrated unambiguously. The vacuolar ATPase activity was Mg2+-dependent, had an apparent Km for MgATP2- of 0.31 mol m-3, and was 32% stimulated by 50 mol m-3 KCl. Of the inhibitors tested, oligomycin slightly inhibited the vacuolar ATPase activity and diethylstilbestrol and NO-3 were both markedly inhibitory. Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide and tributyltin were also strongly inhibitory. Tributyltin caused a 50% inhibition at about 0.3 mmol m-3. This is taken as evidence that the vacuolar ATPase might function as an H+-translocating ATPase. It is shown that the measured activity of the vacuolar ATPase would be of the right order to account for the observed rates of nocturnal malic-acid accumulation in K. daigremontiana. PMID- 6234167 TI - Cardiac chambers and their walls in cardiomyopathies as evaluated with CT. AB - Thirty-two patients with cardiomyopathy, 25 with hypertrophic and 7 with dilated form were examined by cardiac catheterisation, left ventriculography, selective coronary angiography and ungated cardiac computed tomography. Diffuse hypertrophy, localized hypertrophy and dilated cardiomyopathy were diagnosed and assessed quantitatively based on CT linear, surface and volumetric parameters of cardiac morphology. Absolute septal thickness and left ventricular mass measured in CT image are the most discriminative attributes. PMID- 6234165 TI - Phosphotransferase-mediated regulation of carbohydrate utilisation in Escherichia coli K12: identification of the products of genes on the specialised transducing phages lambda iex (crr) and lambda gsr (tgs). AB - The expression of genes adjacent to ptsI was investigated using a series of specialised transducing phages carrying different, overlapping, segments of the cysA-gsr-ptsI-ptsH- iex - cysZ -lig region of the genome of Escherichia coli. The polypeptides were synthesised following the infection of u.v.-irradiated lysogenic and non-lysogenic uvrA recA hosts or a uvrA recA host carrying the lambda cI+ plasmid pKB280 . The polypeptides were identified by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and fluorography. The gsr gene product had a mol. wt. of 23 000. The product of the iex gene was tentatively identified as a protein of mol. wt. of either 33 000 or 21 000. Hpr, the product of the gene ptsH, had a mol. wt. of 9000. The gsr gene appeared to be expressed at a higher level in a non-immune host, which suggests that it was transcribed from lambda promoters. A new lambda host strain, suitable for the detection of small polypeptides (mol. wt. less than 30 000) is described. PMID- 6234168 TI - Volumetric evaluation of aortic regurgitation by combined first-pass/equilibrium radionuclide ventriculography. AB - In 16 men with normal valvular function (group 1) and 23 men and one woman with isolated aortic regurgitation (group 2) effective stroke was determined by first pass radionuclide ventriculography. Total left ventricular stroke volume was derived from equilibrium radionuclide ventriculography using a geometric approach for the end-diastolic volume multiplied by the ejection fraction. The difference between the two stroke volumes as a fraction of total left ventricular stroke volume was taken as radionuclide regurgitant fraction. Radionuclide lv/rv stroke count ratio was calculated as the ratio of end-diastolic-end-systolic count-rate differences from the left and right ventricles. All patients underwent left heart catheterization. Angiographic regurgitant fraction was evaluated by the method of Sandler and Dodge in 16 patients of group 2. In the others, aortic regurgitation was quantified in 5 grades of severity. Group l was classified correctly by both radionuclide regurgitant fraction and lv/rv stroke count ratio (specificity 100%). In group 2 the radionuclide regurgitant fraction was elevated in all (from + 20% to +88%, sensitivity 100%), radionuclide lv/rv stroke count ratio in 19 of 24 cases (from 0.6 to 5.6, sensitivity 79%). The angiographic regurgitant fraction correlated well with the radionuclide regurgitant fraction (r = 0.78), whereas no significant correlation was found between the angiographic stroke volume ratio (i.e. left ventricular stroke volume/cardiac output per beat) and radionuclide stroke count ratio (r = 0.10) due to the high rate of false-negative results of the latter method.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6234169 TI - Heart volume and the prevalence of certain common cardiovascular disorders at 70 and 75 years of age. AB - Heart volume and the prevalence of coronary heart disease, certain ECG-registered abnormalities, hypertension and congestive heart failure were studied in a representative sample of 70-year-olds, who were re-examined at the age of 75. Although previous and the present observations indicate that the heart volume increases with age earlier in adult life in apparently healthy individuals, no further volume change was observed between age 70 and 75. A significant correlation between heart volume and symptoms indicating congestive heart failure was only observed at volumes above 550-600 ml m-2 BSA in males and 500-550 ml m-2 BSA in females. 38% of the men and 26% of the women were without signs of heart disease or treatment for such disease at both 70 and 75 years of age. These figures are, however, obviously too low since a considerable overdiagnosis and overtreatment, mainly of hypertension in females and congestive heart failure exist in the sample. Anginal pain occurred in about 10% of males and females at both ages while ECG-abnormalities suggesting myocardial ischaemia increased in prevalence between age 70 and 75. The prevalence of congestive heart failure was 11% and 8% respectively in males and females of age 70, and had increased in both sexes by about 50% at age 75. PMID- 6234170 TI - Transient acute ischaemic episodes during or immediately after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. AB - Transient ischaemic episodes, defined as chest pain with ST segment elevation resolving in less than 15 min, have been encountered in 18 out of 130 patients during or in the 12h following percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTCA). During PTCA, ischaemic episodes occurred in 11 patients (8.5%) along with complete coronary artery occlusion (3 cases), high degree stenosis (6 cases) or no visible angiographic change (2 cases). After PTCA, 7 additional patients (5.3%) had transient ischaemic episodes; 4, within 15 min of the last balloon inflation, corresponding to a high-grade stenosis distal to the site of angioplasty and resolving after intra coronary nitrates; 3 from 45 min to 7h after PTCA, resolving spontaneously or with sublingual nitrates in a few minutes. Several pathophysiological mechanisms may be responsible: catheter induced coronary spasm, coronary artery thrombosis, migration of atheromatous debris from the plaque, bubble emboli, or fall of coronary blood flow. The clinical course is usually benign but repeat angiography and emergency bypass surgery may be necessary if the episodes of ischaemia are recurring or prolonged. PMID- 6234171 TI - Preliminary study of hormone determinations during aminoglutethimide therapy for advanced breast cancer. AB - The aim of this study is to report on Aminoglutethimide-induced hormonal modifications in advanced breast cancer. Estradiol (E2), Testosterone (T), Dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEA(s] and Aldosterone (A) were determined before, and once every two weeks during treatment with Aminoglutethimide plus Hydrocortisone in 13 menopausal women with advanced breast cancer. The patients were selected either for their E2 and P4-receptor-positive in the original tumor or in metastases or by presenting objective clinical improvement to prior endocrine treatment. On the basis of the response to treatment the patients may be classified in two groups: 1) responders (n = 7) and 2) non-responders. No significant modifications of T concentrations were obtained in group 1 until after the first 8 months of treatment. One spontaneous menopausal patient with a T basal value of 0.80 ng/ml was evaluated during 12 months of treatment. From month 8, T diminished to values below 0.30 ng/ml, indicating a direct action of Aminoglutethimide, hydrocortisone or both drugs on ovarian steroidogenesis. The results obtained from the remaining hormonal parameters, evaluated in all the cases beginning from the second week of treatment, remained unchanged throughout the entire period of study. They were as follows: 1) E2 diminished with respect to basal values between 36 and 60%, thus confirming Aminoglutethimide inhibitory effect upon peripheral aromatization; 2) DHEA(s) diminished between 80 and 90%, indicating an adrenal inhibition due to the combined effect of both drugs, and 3) Aldosterone diminished to values between 80 and 110 pg/ml, these values being within the normal lower range.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6234172 TI - Rate-limiting steps in the interactions of fluoropyrimidines and methotrexate. AB - Rate-limiting steps are defined between methotrexate (MTX) and 5-fluorouracil (FU) or 5-fluorodeoxyuridine (FUdR) and [14C]-formate incorporation into RNA, DNA and protein as a function of the basal rate of dTMP synthesis. When Ehrlich cells are incubated with 0.1 microM FU dR, 1 microM FU and 50 microM MTX for 1-35 min. [3H]-deoxyuridine (UdR) incorporation into DNA is maximally inhibited within 1, 10 and 15 min respectively. The delay in suppression of [3H]-UdR incorporation into MTX-exposed cells compared to cells exposed to FU or FUdR is related to the slow transport of MTX and the increasing free intracellular MTX levels. Influx of MTX is 4 and 10 times slower than FU and FUdR respectively. At 2.5, 5, 10 and 15 min the free intracellular MTX levels (nmol/g dry wt) are 5.8, 7.4, 8.7 and 8.8 respectively. Free intracellular FdUMP is identified 1 min after exposure of cells to FU and FUdR. Antagonism to MTX-suppression of [14C]-formate incorporation into RNA, DNA and protein occurs when cells are simultaneously exposed to MTX and FU or FUdR. However, [14C]-formate incorporation into RNA, DNA and protein is maximally inhibited when Ehrlich tumor cells are incubated with 50 microM MTX for 10 min and then exposed to 1 microM FU for 1 min (a time in which free intracellular MTX is maximal and [3H]-UdR incorporation is maximally suppressed). Hence the sequence and time of administration of FU or FUdR and MTX inhibition of formate incorporation into RNA, DNA and protein is related to the rate of (a) FU, FUdR and MTX transport, (b) FU and FUdR metabolism to FdUMP and (c) generation of maximal free intracellular MTX. PMID- 6234173 TI - Muscle development: neonatal to adult. PMID- 6234174 TI - The control and responses of mammalian muscle spindles during normally executed motor tasks. PMID- 6234175 TI - Comparison of the effects of DHEA and food restriction on serum calcitonin. AB - In the first of two studies, female Wistar rats were fed ad libitum or 60% of the ad libitum intake. In the second study, female Sprague Dawley rats were given subcutaneous injections of DHEA (2-4 mg/day) five times per week or received similar volumes of the solvent vehicle. Animals in both studies were maintained on their respective regimens for six months. At the termination of the study, the food restricted animals weighed significantly less than the animals fed ad libitum; in addition, their serum calcitonin concentration was markedly lower and was over 60% less than that of the ad libitum fed animals. In contrast, DHEA treatment had no significant effect on the body weight or on the plasma calcitonin of the Sprague Dawley rats. Since food restriction maintains calcitonin concentrations toward youthful levels, it is clear that at least one of the anti-aging effects of food restriction is not mediated by DHEA. PMID- 6234176 TI - Poly(Glu60,Ala30,Tyr10) (GAT)-specific T cells do not express B cell public idiotopes but can be primed by monoclonal anti-idiotypic antibodies. AB - Eight monoclonal anti-idiotypic antibodies directed against public idiotopes have been further characterized: (a) they bind to public idiotopes with a high affinity; (b) they recognize all anti-poly(Glu60,Ala30,Tyr10) (GAT) antibodies as measured by inhibition of the anti-GAT plaque-forming cell response. This has been verified in three strains of mice. These reagents were not able to detect idiotope expression on eight GAT-specific helper T cell lines and clones. This result was obtained by two techniques: (a) idiotope expression at the T cell surface was measured by indirect immunofluorescence using a cell sorter with surface antigens H-2D, Thy-1.2, Lyt-1 and L3T4 as positive controls; (b) after immunoadsorption of [35S] methionine-labeled cellular extracts from two lines, no unique molecule was retained by the HP-idp22 monoclonal anti-idiotypic antibody coupled to Sepharose. Despite these negative results, this antibody was found to prime lymph node cells in vivo, which were able to proliferate specifically in response to GAT. Two T cell lines derived from this lymphocyte population do not express any of the idiotopes tested. These results suggest that monoclonal anti idiotypic antibodies may be influencing T lymphocyte activity indirectly. PMID- 6234177 TI - Analysis of gp 140, a C3b-binding membrane component present on Raji cells: a comparison with factor H. AB - In a previous report (M. Barel et al. FEBS Lett., 1981. 136: 111) using radiolabeling methods, we characterized from the membrane of the human B lymphoblastoid cell line Raji, a 140 000-Mr glycoprotein (gp140) carrying a C3b binding activity with 125I-labeled C3b or Sepharose-bound C3b. The facts of absence on Raji cells of CR1, the C3b receptor purified from human erythrocytes, the observations made by others that H-like activity (the 150 000 Mr C3b binding serum protein) was present in Raji cells and the same molecular weight range of H and gp140, led us to investigate the relationship between both antigens. A rabbit antibody anti-5.4 was prepared against gp140, highly purified from Raji cells. However, anti-H specificities were detected in crude anti-5.4 IgG, while anti serum H IgG did not react with gp140 antigen. The crude anti-5.4 IgG fraction, anti-gp 140 IgG or F(ab')2 and anti-H specificities present in anti-5.4 IgG, separated by absorption on Sepharose-bound H, and anti-serum H IgG were tested on Raji cells by immunofluorescence techniques, by measuring the inhibition of specific cytotoxic assays and the inhibition of specific binding of soluble or particle-bound C3b to the cell surface and on solubilized antigens by immunoblotting techniques. All the data obtained support that: (a) anti-H specificities are not shared by antibodies bearing anti-gp 140 specificities and their presence in crude anti-5.4 IgG is more likely due to a contamination by H antigen of gp 140 antigen used in the immunization process, and (b) gp 140 antigen is highly expressed on Raji cell surface, whereas H antigen can not be detected under the same conditions. Molecular analysis of gp140 and H antigens confirmed differences between both antigens in molecular weight, trypsin sensitivity and charge properties. All the results presented herein support the notion that gp140 is not identical with the H molecule and that C3b binding to gp140 is not mediated by H. The relationship between gp140 and C3 receptors described by others is discussed. PMID- 6234178 TI - Reduced metabolism and turnover rates of rat brain dopamine, norepinephrine and serotonin by chronic desipramine and zimelidine treatments. AB - As part of of an ongoing effort to compare changes in whole body turnover of catecholamines and serotonin in man with those induced by antidepressants in the rat brain, we have evaluated the chronic effects of desipramine (DMI) and zimelidine (ZMI) on brain catecholamines and serotonin in the rat. The amines and metabolites measured include norepinephrine (NE), dopamine (DA) and their metabolites, 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG), 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) and homovanillic acid (HVA). Three brain areas were analysed; the hypothalamus, caudate nucleus and frontal cortex. Chronic DMI and ZMI reduced hypothalamic MHPG and caudate nucleus DA metabolites, in particular HVA. Both drugs reduced NE and DA turnover rates (estimated after alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine injection) and the rate of MHPG formation in the hypothalamus (estimated after pargyline treatment). They did not change NE turnover rate, but reduced DA turnover rate and rate of HVA formation in the caudate nucleus. Chronic DMI but not ZMI reduced DOPAC rate of formation in the caudate nucleus. Apparently changes in DA turnover and metabolism produced by these antidepressants are better related to changes in HVA than DOPAC concentrations. Similar to their influence on hypothalamic and caudate nucleus catecholamines, both chronic DMI and ZMI produced changes in serotonin concentration in the caudate nucleus and frontal cortex serotonin that suggest a reduction in its turnover rate and metabolism. The reduction in NE turnover in hypothalamus is consistent with the effects of chronic DMI and ZMI on whole body NE turnover observed in man.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6234179 TI - Effects of verapamil, diltiazem, nisoldipine and felodipine on sarcoplasmic reticulum. AB - Verapamil, diltiazem, nisoldipine and felodipine, calcium antagonist drugs with different chemical structures, were studied for their effects on activities of sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) isolated from dog cardiac and rabbit skeletal muscles. Nisoldipine and felodipine exerted biphasic actions on both cardiac and skeletal SR Ca2+-ATPase with maximum activation of 40-60% occurring at 20-40 microM for nisoldipine and 30-40% occurring at 15-30 microM for felodipine. At higher drug concentrations, Ca2+-ATPase was inhibited. In the presence of oxalate the maximum activation of the Ca2+ uptake rates at 5-20 microM nisoldipine were 30-50% for cardiac SR and at 80-100 microM of the drug were 300-500% for skeletal SR. Felodipine inhibited the rate of Ca2+ uptake by dog cardiac SR, but activated Ca2+ uptake by rabbit skeletal SR with a maximum of 30-50% at 12-25 microM. At higher concentrations of the two drugs the rate of Ca2+ uptake was inhibited. In the absence of oxalate, i.e., limited transport, nisoldipine shortened the duration of time that Ca2+ was bound to the cardiac and skeletal SR, while the rate of release of Ca2+ from skeletal SR was stimulated. Felodipine at low concentrations similarly caused a premature release of Ca2+ from skeletal SR at a rapid rate; at high concentrations both drugs did not alter Ca2+ binding but delayed Ca2+ release. Unlike nisoldipine and felodipine, verapamil and diltiazem inhibited the rates of Ca2+ transport both in cardiac and skeletal SR. The two drugs inhibited Ca2+-ATPase in cardiac SR but activated the enzyme in skeletal SR.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6234180 TI - A comparison of the stimulant activities of oxotremorine analogues on the frog rectus abdominis and the guinea pig ileum. AB - A series of tertiary amines structurally related to the potent muscarinic agent oxotremorine showed weak stimulant activity on the frog rectus abdominis preparation. The corresponding quaternary ammonium salts were more effective stimulants, the most potent being half as active as carbachol. The effects appeared to be due to direct stimulation of post-junctional nicotinic receptors. The relationship between the structures of these compounds and their ability to stimulate nicotinic receptors was compared with the structure-activity relationships in more conventional nicotinic stimulants. Finally, a comparison was made between the observed nicotinic potencies and previously published muscarinic potencies in the isolated guinea pig ileum. The tertiary amines were in general highly selective for muscarinic as opposed to nicotinic receptors, whereas the quaternary derivatives were only slightly more selective for muscarinic receptors than carbachol. PMID- 6234181 TI - Relaxing effect of nicorandil (N-2-(hydroxyethyl)-nicotinamide nitrate), a new anti-angina agent, on the isolated vascular smooth muscle. AB - To define the mode of the vasorelaxing action of nicorandil as compared to nitroglycerin, the effects of the agent on the contractile response to various stimulations in rabbit aorta, cat coronary arteries and rabbit basilar arteries were evaluated. Nicorandil had a greater relaxing effect on the maximum response to norepinephrine (NE) than on the potassium (K+) response on all vascular smooth muscles used. In coronary and basilar arteries, however, the inhibitory action of nitroglycerin was not different on the response to both agonists. In coronary and basilar arteries the maximum inhibition of the NE response by nicorandil was greater than that by nitroglycerin. Nicorandil (10(-5) M) but not phentolamine (10(-5) M) inhibited the PGF2 alpha-induced contraction of the aorta. Either nicorandil or nitroglycerin suppressed the response of the aorta to the transmural stimulation. In a Ca2+-free medium containing K+ (40 mM), nicorandil decreased the response to excess Ca2+ in all preparations whereas, nifedipine (10(-6)-10(-5) M) abolished it. Nitroglycerin, however, had no effect on the Ca2+ induced contraction on basilar arteries. In a Ca2+-free medium, the residual NE induced contraction was inhibited by nicorandil or nitroglycerin but not by nifedipine . The combined treatment with nicorandil and nitroglycerin caused a stronger suppression of residual NE response that that of a single treatment with either agent suggesting the different site of action for the two agents. These results suggest that the mode of vasorelaxing action of nicorandil may be due to the alteration (inhibition) of Ca2+ kinetics in the cell. PMID- 6234182 TI - Failure to antagonize the 8-hydroxy-2-di-n-propylamino)tetralin-induced facilitation of male rat sexual behavior by the administration of 5-HT receptor antagonists. AB - The administration of the putative 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) agonist, 8-hydroxy 2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin (8-OH-DPAT) and 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) produced a facilitation and an inhibition of male rat sexual behavior, respectively. The 5 HTP-induced inhibitory effects were at least partially antagonized by the administration of metergoline, methiothepine or pirenperone. However, none of these agents were able to counteract any facilitatory effects produced by 8-OH DPAT. It is concluded that 8-OH-DPAT does not facilitate the expression of masculine sexual behavior in the rat by stimulation of 5-HT1 or 5-HT2 receptors. PMID- 6234183 TI - The effects of locally injected antibiotic on carrageenan-induced granuloma in rats. AB - Indomethacin (0.5 mg/100 g b.w./day) and chloramphenicol (0.5 mg or 15 mg/100 g b.w./day) were tested for their anti-inflammatory effects on 7th day carrageenan induced granuloma formation. Neither of the drugs modified granuloma or pouch wall weight but they decreased the exudate and the cluster of dead cells. Indomethacin and chloramphenicol decreased glucosamine in the dead cell granuloma fraction and increased the level of collagen in the pouch wall. The drugs differed in their inhibitory effect on lysozyme and prostaglandin E2 accumulation in the exudate. The increase in collagen was related to a drop in the level of prostaglandin E2 which seems to regulate collagen deposition in the granuloma. However, the prostaglandin E2-lysozyme correlation--which was only significant with chloramphenicol--suggests a mode of action for chloramphenicol different from that of indomethacin. Chloramphenicol could act by a myelodepressive and/or chemotactic effect. The effects of chloramphenicol on the macrophages are discussed. PMID- 6234184 TI - Z-DNA immunoreactivity of Drosophila polytene chromosomes. Effects of the fixatives 45% acetic acid and 95% ethanol and of DNase I nicking. AB - Drosophila salivary chromosomes have been isolated at neutral pH and physiological ionic strength. They display only background level binding of antibodies against Z-DNA. Following exposure to the commonly used fixative 45% acetic acid all of the polytene chromosomes, X and autosomes, show a massive increase in anti-Z-DNA antibody binding. The enhancement from background to intense fluorescence occurs whether the chromosomes are stabilised by two orders of magnitude lower concentration of formaldehyde than that used to minimise protein extraction in classical acid squash preparations, or by physiological concentrations of spermine and spermidine. Nicking of acetic acid-treated chromosomes by DNase I dramatically reduces their Z-DNA immunoreactivity. The histones and non-histones extracted by 45% acetic acid from unfixed and formaldehyde-fixed Drosophila chromatin have been analysed. Exposure of isolated salivary chromosomes to the non-protein-extracting fixative 95% ethanol also enhances Z-DNA immunoreactivity. All of these phenomena must be taken into account in the search for the Z-DNA conformation in cells by cytological techniques. PMID- 6234185 TI - Complement and cellular triggering reactions. Introductory remarks. PMID- 6234186 TI - Structure and function of the human C3b receptor. AB - The human C3b receptor (C3bR) is a glycoprotein that exists in two allotypic forms having Mr values of approximately 250,000 (F) and 260,000 (S). The number of receptors present on erythrocytes varies by eightfold among normal individuals and is genetically regulated by two codominant alleles that are distinct from the alleles determining the structural polymorphism. C5a and C5ades Arg induce rapid increases in the number of receptors expressed by neutrophils in vitro, and probably account for the increased receptor expression on neutrophils in patients undergoing hemodialysis. Cytoskeletal association of the C3bR on monocytes and neutrophils is suggested by experiments demonstrating receptor-mediated phagocytosis and adsorptive endocytosis through coated pits, and by the reciprocal coredistribution of cross-linked C3b and Fc receptors and the detergent insolubility of cross-linked C3bR. The factor H-like cofactor activity of the C3bR promotes the cleavage of bound C3b to iC3b, C3c, and C3d,g, which may enhance the clearance of circulating immune complexes and the generation of ligands for CR2 and CR3. The inherited partial deficiency of the erythrocyte C3bR in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and the absence of glomerular C3bR in these patients with proliferative glomerulonephritis may contribute to systemic and organ-specific abnormalities in the clearance of immune complexes in this disease. PMID- 6234187 TI - [Experience in organizing the work of controlling ascariasis in microfoci]. PMID- 6234188 TI - [Experience in using programmed control without machines in tests and exams on internal diseases]. PMID- 6234189 TI - [Evgenii Mikhailovich Kreps (on his 85th birthday)]. PMID- 6234190 TI - Temperature-mediated processes in teleost immunity: differential effects of in vitro and in vivo temperatures on mitogenic responses of channel catfish lymphocytes. AB - The in vitro mitogenic responses of channel catfish peripheral blood leucocytes to ConA and LPS were differentially affected by both in vitro and in vivo temperatures. The magnitude of the response to LPS was relatively independent of both in vitro culture temperature and in vivo acclimation temperature. The magnitude of the response to ConA was suppressed at lower in vitro temperatures although this suppression could be reduced by lower in vivo acclimation temperatures. In vitro temperature-shift experiments indicated that channel catfish PBL could respond to ConA at a lower in vitro temperature if first stimulated with ConA at a higher in vitro temperature. The converse, however was not true in that channel catfish PBL did not respond at a higher in vitro temperature after an initial stimulation with ConA at a lower in vitro temperature. This latter failure to respond could not be attributed to the induction of a suppressor cell (or factor) by exposure to ConA at a lower temperature. These studies, when coupled with other available data on channel catfish PBL subpopulations, are interpreted as supporting the hypothesis that low temperature immunosuppression in fish may result from preferential inhibitory effects on T cells rather than B cells. PMID- 6234191 TI - Problems and benefits in early diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy. AB - A 5-yr retrospective study is presented of 168 consecutive patients operated on for ectopic pregnancy during 1977-1981, showing the prevalent features and trends of this disorder and its diagnosis. The overall incidence was 1.48% of deliveries, with a range of 1.00-2.34%. The number of unruptured cases (52.1%) in the series reflects the low gestational age. Some of the problems (and benefits) commonly associated with early diagnosis are surveyed. The presenting symptoms at arrival are compared between patients with an IUD in situ (33.3%) and those without, and between patients with a delay in diagnosis (47.6%) and those without. The use and the results of the diagnostic procedures are also compared between the latter two groups. An absence of clear amenorrhoea was significantly more common (P less than 0.005) in IUD-users than in non-users. Spotting was almost significantly more common (P less than 0.025) among patients with a delayed diagnosis than in those who underwent an operation on the first day seen. It is shown that patients whose diagnosis was delayed had had significantly more often either curettage (P less than 0.001) or an ultrasound examination which (in spite of a positive pregnancy test) did not show an intrauterine pregnancy (P less than 0.005) than those whose diagnosis was not delayed. It is emphasized that the physician should be on the alert in excluding the possibility of ectopic pregnancy in IUD patients and suspected spontaneous and threatened abortions, especially. In such cases an active laparoscopy is again recommended. PMID- 6234192 TI - Heparan sulphate alterations in tumour cells. PMID- 6234193 TI - Pancreatic cellular infiltrates in autoimmune-prone New Zealand Black mice. AB - Healthy New Zealand Black (NZB) mice of both sexes (age 19-31 weeks) were studied to determine the magnitude of pancreatic beta cell injury related to mononuclear cell infiltration of islets. This investigation was undertaken following the description of spontaneous cellular immune reactions against islets in four strains of autoimmune-prone mice, including NZB mice [1]. Studies included complete autopsies with histological examination, determination of the pancreatic content of immunoreactive insulin, and the measurement of the plasma glucose concentration. Mononuclear cell infiltrates were identified in the lung, liver, kidney, salivary gland, mesentery, and pancreas. In the latter site, the infiltrates were situated in fibrous septae about ducts, ductules, and venules rather than islets. Only islets contiguous to infiltrates were involved, and then but focally. Insulitis, as manifest by the envelopment and permeation of islets by mononuclear cells, was not observed. In none was there a significant reduction of beta cells or pancreatic insulin content, neither was hyperglycaemia manifest. This study reveals that, although NZB mice are subject to autoimmune phenomena and widespread mononuclear cell infiltrates, beta cell injury and insulitis are not consistent features of this strain. PMID- 6234194 TI - Protection by dimethyl urea against hyperglycaemia, but not insulitis, in low dose streptozotocin-induced diabetes in the mouse. AB - The protective effect of dimethyl urea, a hydroxyl radical scavenger, against low dose streptozotocin-induced diabetes has been evaluated. Dimethyl urea was given to C57BL/KsJ mice before five daily injections of streptozotocin. The saline pre treated control animals became gradually hyperglycaemic, whereas the dimethyl urea treated group remained normoglycaemic during the 11 week follow-up period. Two weeks after the first streptozotocin injection, six out of ten dimethyl urea treated and 12 out of 15 saline-treated mice had insulitis. Four or 11 weeks after the streptozotocin treatment, insulitis was rare in both groups. Multiple injections of dimethyl urea only did not affect the serum glucose concentrations or the islet morphology. It is suggested that dimethyl urea protected against hyperglycaemia by reducing the beta-cell cytotoxic effects of the low doses of streptozotocin. An increased number of cells would thus be preserved and the animals less prone to develop diabetes, despite the presence of an inflammatory process in the pancreatic gland. PMID- 6234195 TI - [Cardiologic aspects of a case of Tangier disease]. PMID- 6234196 TI - Laparoscopy in a patient with LeVeen shunt: prevention of air embolism. PMID- 6234197 TI - The psychological effectiveness of pain management procedures in the context of behavioral medicine and medical psychology. AB - The application of operant, biofeedback, and cognitive-behavioral approaches to the management of chronic pain is reviewed. A conceptual and methodological overview of treatment studies is provided from the perspective of recent psychological and multidimensional viewpoints concerning the chronic pain experience. Difficulties in interpreting the clinical efficacy of pain management procedures are highlighted and the need for further controlled outcome studies is recommended, particularly in demonstrating the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral procedures. Lastly, implications for further research investigating the relationships between individual coping styles and chronic pain are discussed. PMID- 6234198 TI - [Genetic analysis of the Ehlers-Danlos syndrome in a large family tree]. AB - The results of genetic investigation of Ehlers - Danlos syndrome in the kindred of 205 members are presented. The autosomal dominant inheritance hypothesis was tested using two modes of ascertainment, complete and truncated. The data from the segregation analysis provide evidence for the Ehlers - Danlos syndrome type I being inherited as an autosomal dominant trait. PMID- 6234199 TI - Expression of the gin and mom genes of bacteriophage Mu. AB - The gin and mom genes are located in the rightmost 1.6-kb segment, designated the beta segment, of bacteriophage Mu DNA. The gin gene is responsible for the inversion of the G segment of Mu, whereas the mom gene is involved in an unusual modification of the DNA. We have analyzed recombinant plasmids carrying one or both ends of Mu DNA for the expression of the Gin and Mom functions. The Gin protein and the presumptive Mom protein are not always detected in minicells, even though the plasmids being tested have the gin- and mom-containing segment of Mu DNA. However, some plasmids, in which the right end segment of Mu DNA is confined to the 1.6-kb beta segment, do give rise to these gene products in minicells. It seems that synthesis of the Gin and Mom proteins is inhibited in minicells, but this inhibition is lifted if most of the DNA to the left of the beta segment is eliminated from the plasmids. The most prominent Mu product detected in minicells is a 23-25-kDal polypeptide, termed here the zeta (zeta) protein. The function of the zeta protein remains unknown. In vitro transcription of Mu DNA with purified Escherichia coli RNA polymerase is limited to only two regions of the genome. The early region of Mu DNA is transcribed at a relatively high efficiency, whereas the beta region is transcribed at a low efficiency. This low-efficiency transcription appears to be specific for the gin gene; the mom gene transcript cannot be detected. PMID- 6234200 TI - Lambda phagemids and their transducing properties. AB - Two recombinant lambda DNAs, lambda gt::pMB9 and lambda NM::pBR322, containing, respectively, the pMB9 and pBR322 replicon were constructed and characterized. Both constructs (phagemid DNAs) transfect Escherichia coli cells, producing mature infectious phage progenies. Alternatively, drug-resistant colonies of transductants can be selected upon infection with these phages (phagemid particles) that maintain phagemid DNA in the cell in the form of covalently closed circular plasmids. The efficiency of transduction for nonlysogenic E. coli strains with lambda gt::pMB9 phage producing lambda repressor cIts ranges from 10(-7) to 10(-2) transductant colonies per input phage, depending on the temperature and strain used, while lambda NM::pBR322 phage carrying imm21 transduces with a frequency of up to 1. This means that each lambda NM::pBR322 phagemid particle is capable of establishing itself in the cell as a nonlethal plasmid, permitting formation of a resistant bacterial colony. The maximal level of transduction with lambda gt::pMB9 was obtained when E. coli cells lysogenic for lambda were used. Thus, we believe that the efficiency of transduction is determined by the turn-on of the phage repressor in the transductant. In addition, we have found that all lambda gt::pMB9-containing transductants under certain conditions harbor precisely excised pMB9; excision of pBR322 from lambda NM::pBR322 has not been observed. PMID- 6234201 TI - High-level expression of human interferon gamma in Escherichia coli under control of the pL promoter of bacteriophage lambda. AB - Several recombinant plasmids have been constructed which direct high-level synthesis of mature human interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) in Escherichia coli using the inducible leftward promoter pL of phage lambda followed by a translational initiator region derived either from the phage MS2 replicase gene or the E. coli tryptophan attenuator region. Under these conditions, IFN levels of up to 25% of the total cellular protein can be achieved. The highest levels were obtained when a terminator of transcription was cloned downstream from the IFN-gamma sequence. IFN-gamma was almost entirely found in the initial pellet fraction and not in soluble extracts. Co-induction of the lysis genes derived from phage MS2 or from phage lambda, inserted downstream from the IFN-gamma sequence, did not enhance the biological activity present in the supernatant fraction. PMID- 6234202 TI - Cloning and expression of the phage Mu A gene. AB - We have cloned the phage Mu A gene, with and without the gene ner, under the control of the pL promoter of phage lambda in a multicopy plasmid vector. We demonstrate that plasmid-carrying cells are able to support growth of superinfecting Mu A am phages in a temperature-dependent fashion in a host strain carrying a defective lambda prophage which specifies the cI857-coded lambda repressor. In addition, we show that the presence of the ner gene reduces the efficiency of plating of the superinfecting phage. Analysis of proteins specified by the cloned Mu fragments indicates that two proteins, 70 and 33 kDal, are synthesized. The level of synthesis, compared to that of the vector-encoded beta lactamase, was found to increase with temperature. This indicates that their transcription is driven by the pL promoter. The Mr of the 70-kDal protein is identical to that previously observed for pA. PMID- 6234203 TI - The rep mutation. VII. Cloning and analysis of the functional rep gene of Escherichia coli K-12. AB - The rep gene of Escherichia coli was isolated on a 6-kb PvuII fragment of plasmid pLC44-7 DNA from the Clarke-Carbon collection and cloned into pSC101 (to form pHBH8) and pBR322 (to form pHBH30). The plasmids pHBH8 and pHBH30 were found to complement all rep mutations tested. The functional rep gene and its promoter were mapped to a 3.2-kb XhoI-BalI fragment on the basis of complementation data with deletion and insertion derivatives of the two plasmids; subcloning of various restriction fragments confirmed the assignment. EcoRI, HindIII, and HpaI restriction sites were found to reside within that region of the DNA required for expression of the rep function. A coupled in vitro transcription-translation system was used to show that only those plasmids containing a functional rep gene encoded a protein of about Mr 67 000 (the Mr of the rep protein). No plasmids were found that complemented only the A or B classes of rep mutants (which differ in their ability to support the growth of P2 and M13 phages). This result suggests that rep-A and rep-B are alleles of the same structural gene. PMID- 6234204 TI - Structural analysis of the dnaA and dnaN genes of Escherichia coli. AB - The nucleotide sequence of the entire region containing the Escherichia coli dnaA and dnaN genes was determined. Base substitutions by such mutations as dnaA46, dnaA167, dnaN59, and dnaN806 were also identified. Analyses of coding frames, the mutational base substitutions, and other data indicate that dnaN follows dnaA, both have the same orientation, and are separated by only 4 bp. The deduced amino acid sequence specifies Mrs and isoelectric points consistent with those of the previously identified gene products. The transcriptional initiation site of the dnaA gene was assigned by analysis of in vitro RNA products. Examination of the intercistronic sequence and analysis of in vitro transcription supported the notion that the dnaA and dnaN genes constitute a single operon. PMID- 6234205 TI - The cloning and overproduction of Escherichia coli uracil-DNA glycosylase. AB - Escherichia coli cells containing elevated levels of the DNA repair enzyme uracil DNA glycosylase (the ung gene product) have been constructed by in vitro recombination methods. First, lambdanadB transducing phages were isolated from two E. coli DNA libraries by selection of nicotinate-independent lysogens. lambdanadB phage from one of the libraries were also ung+ and carried the ung nadB genes on an 8.3-kb HindIII restriction fragment. The ung and nadB genes were subcloned into plasmids and a restriction map of the ung region of the E. coli chromosome was constructed. The uracil glycosylase gene was localized to a 1.4-kb restriction fragment by subcloning the gene into pBR322. Uracil glycosylase was overproduced (relative to the specific activity of wild type cells) by about two fold in lambdaung lysogens and by 15- to 20-fold in cells containing pBR322ung derivatives. When the ung gene and its promoter were placed downstream from the bacteriophage lambdaPL promoter in the plasmid pKC30, uracil glycosylase production was heat-induced to more than 100-fold above the levels of a wild-type cell. By relating the insertion orientation of the lambdaung gene in the plasmid pKC30 to its orientation in lambdaung-nadB transducing phages, the transcription direction of the ung gene on the E. coli linkage map was found to be clockwise. PMID- 6234206 TI - Nucleotide sequences of two regions of the human genome containing tRNAAsn genes. AB - The primary structures of two human tRNAAsn genes and 600-700 nucleotides of their flanking regions have been determined from two separate isolates of a fetal DNA library in phage lambda vector. The tRNA gene from one clone differs from the major mammalian tRNAAsn by a single base substitution at position 47, with an A replacing a G, while the tRNAAsn gene from the second clone has base substitutions at positions 17 and 65, with a G replacing a C and a T replacing a C, respectively. The sequences of the noncoding 5'- and 3'-flanking regions of both clones are over 90% homologous. As with other mammalian tRNA genes, these two human tRNAAsn genes contain CTTTTPu, which might act as a transcription termination signal, 11 bp 3' to the structural gene. In vitro transcription experiments in a HeLa cell extract demonstrate that both cloned tRNAAsn genes can be transcribed and processed to mature-sized tRNAs. PMID- 6234207 TI - [Elaboration of the requirements with regard to the knowledge and skills of specialists in occupational medicine]. PMID- 6234208 TI - [Introduction of measures for improving working conditions of female workers in engineering plants in the Urals]. PMID- 6234209 TI - [Hygienic characteristics of working conditions in the manufacture of asbestos cement slag cotton products]. PMID- 6234210 TI - Increased concanavalin A induced suppression in treated and untreated coeliac disease. AB - The generation of suppression by concanavalin A in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in treated and untreated coeliac subjects using an in vitro assay was found to be significantly increased when compared with controls. The response of peripheral blood mononuclear cells to the plant mitogen concanavalin A (con A) was also significantly depressed in both groups of coeliac patients. It is proposed that the depressed cell mediated immunity found in this and other studies in coeliac patients is because of increased suppression. The possible connection between these findings and the increased incidence of malignancy also found in coeliac disease is discussed. PMID- 6234212 TI - [A case of chronic lymphatic suppressor T-lymphocyte leukemia]. PMID- 6234211 TI - Loss of suppressor T-cells in active inflammatory bowel disease. AB - The proportions and absolute numbers of helper and suppressor T-cells in 40 patients with inflammatory bowel disease and 22 control subjects were determined, using the monoclonal antibodies OKT 4 and OKT 8. There were no significant differences in helper or suppressor cell proportions among 15 steroid treated patients with active inflammatory bowel disease, 10 patients with inactive inflammatory bowel disease, 10 patients with other gastrointestinal diseases, or 12 normal control subjects. In contrast, 15 patients with active inflammatory bowel disease not treated with corticosteroids manifested increased proportions of helper cells and decreased proportions of suppressor cells (p less than 0.001), compared with all other patient groups and to normal controls. When absolute numbers of helper and suppressor subsets were measured, these alterations in proportions of helper and suppressor cells were primarily attributable to decreased counts of suppressor T-cells both in patients with active Crohn's disease and in those with ulcerative colitis (p less than 0.01). In four patients undergoing serial study, the helper/suppressor ratios appeared to rise and fall respectively with clinical exacerbations and remissions of disease. These data provide additional evidence for the involvement of cellular immune systems in these disease processes. PMID- 6234213 TI - Echinococcus granulosus equinus: the histochemistry of the laminated layer of the hydatid cyst. AB - The laminated layer of the hydatid cyst of E. granulosus equinus grown in mice has a polysaccharide substrate, which is not glycogen, but which possesses 1,2 glycols. This periodate-reactive component is demonstrated at the ultrastructural level using the thiosemicarbazide-silver proteinate technique which is also positive in Golgi-derived vesicles in the cytons and within the superficial cytoplasm at the parasite tissue/laminated layer interface. A carboxyl-acid mucopolysaccharide, lacking uronic and sialic acid residues, is present and weak reactions for sulphated acid mucopolysaccharide are recorded. The equivocal evidence for the presence of a chitin-like substrate is discussed. The predominantly basic protein component of the laminated layer has histochemically identifiable SS groups which are only very weakly demonstrated at the cytochemical level. Arginine and tryptophan are recorded. Lipid levels are low, and divalent cations, possibly calcium, are present. PMID- 6234214 TI - Metabolic pathways of the fossil dinosaur bones Part II. Vascular canal in the communication system. AB - Examination was made on the fossil dinosaur bone 80 million years old. Samples to be examined were prepared by specially elaborated methods. The vascular canal of the dinosaur bone was the object of study. The microscopic and ultrastructural images of the canal revealed three zones therein: proper, perivascular, and vascular. The zone proper was formed by the mineralized wall of the canal, the perivascular zone was a space between the proper and the vascular zone, and the vascular zone was made up of the canal contents identified with blood vessels. The perivascular zone contained collagen fibres; moreover, histochemical examinations revealed in it mucopolysaccharides and lipids. In the wall of the vascular canal (zone proper) the outlets of the bone canaliculi departing from the osteocyte lacunae were detected. The endings of these canaliculi were of two kinds: they were either of the same diameter as the rest of the canaliculus (more numerous) or assumed a widening funnel form as the canaliculi reached the vascular canal (less numerous). By analogy with modern bone appropriate functions may be ascribed to particular zones distinguished in the vascular canal and to the varied endings of the bone canaliculi in the system of conveyance of nutrient and conservative elements as well as metabolites. PMID- 6234215 TI - Glucagon secretion by dispersed alpha cell enriched islets from streptozotocin treated hamsters in perifusion. AB - Streptozotocin (70 mg/kg) was administered intravenously to female Syrian hamsters. The hamsters received insulin (5U/animal/day). Insulin treatment was withdrawn 3 days before sacrifice in one group, while another group was maintained on insulin until sacrifice. Ten to 14 days following streptozotocin administration the animals were killed, and the pancreatic islets isolated and subsequently dispersed. Islet DNA content was decreased while the glucagon content was elevated by streptozotocin treatment. The glucagon secretory responsiveness of the dispersed alpha cells of control animals was stimulated by glucopenia and decreased by glucose. Alpha cells of streptozotocin hamsters were not only suppressed but were actually stimulated by high glucose concentrations. Treatment with insulin in vivo but not in vitro, resulted in a restoration of the alpha cells responsiveness to glucose suppression. Dispersed alpha cells from control and streptozotocin treated animals were stimulated by arginine. Basal and total glucagon secretion was greatest in dispersed alpha cells from streptozotocin treated animals. We concluded: that the paradoxical response of alpha cells to glucose noted in diabetes is not due to short term insulin deprivation or the lack of morphologic contact with beta cells; that the alpha cells require and insulin stimulated islet metabolite and extra islet materials to respond appropriately to glucose; and that the alpha cells response to arginine is mediated independently of glucose regulation. PMID- 6234216 TI - Paradoxical acute hypercalcemic effect of salmon calcitonin in patients having Paget's disease of bone after treatment with dichloromethylene diphosphonate. AB - The hypocalcemia following administration of calcitonin may be an index to disease activity in Paget's disease of bone. Therefore, we assessed the effect of a single injection of 100 MRC units of salmon calcitonin (SCT) on plasma calcium in 28 patients with active Paget's disease before and after 6 months of treatment with dichloromethylene diphosphonate (Cl2MDP) at a dose of 400 mg/day (3 patients), 800 mg/day (8 patients), 1.600 mg/day (9 patients) or 2.600 mg/day (8 patients). The mean SCT-induced hypocalcemia was reduced by Cl2MDP and there was a significant positive correlation between the decrease of serum calcium induced by SCT and bone resorption evaluated by the number of osteoclasts on bone biopsy taken in pagetic iliac crest. After Cl2MCP treatment, 5 patients manifested a paradoxical hypercalcemic response to SCT injection ranging from +0.3 mg/dl to +0.5 mg/dl, which was sustained over the 9 hours following injection. As these patients had a dramatic inhibition of bone resorption induced by Cl2 MDP, it is suggested that the hypercalcemic response to SCT might reflect persistence or exaggeration of the early hypercalcemic effect of CT which reportedly precedes the hypocalcemic response to SCT. PMID- 6234217 TI - Interactions between radioresistant T cells from plasmacytoma-bearing mice and radiosensitive T cells from normal mice leading to suppression. AB - Spleens from BALB/c mice bearing the plasmacytoma SPQC 11 contain a population of T cells capable of suppressing the production of antibodies when cultured with normal BALB/c splenocytes, but not with splenocytes from nude BALB/c mice. Inhibition was characteristically the most effective at low suppressor cell numbers using unirradiated T cells. Maximum suppression occurred when a radiosensitive population of T cells from normal mice interacted with a population of radioresistant T cells from plasmacytoma-bearing animals. Accurate characterization of the suppressor T cell activity required testing over a wide range of suppressor/indicator cell ratios. Suppressor activity was eliminated by treatment with anti-Thy 1.2 plus complement, was radioresistant and present over a full range of doses when irradiated cells were used. PMID- 6234218 TI - Daily diet and ascorbic acid intake in man during work in the Arid Zone. PMID- 6234219 TI - Distribution of polymorphic traits in Mazandaranian and Guilanian in Iran. AB - In 1972, over 2,000 blood specimens were obtained from two Iranian populations, Mazandaranians and Guilanians, who live on the southern coast of the Caspian Sea. All specimens were screened for hypocatalasemics and randomly selected samples were analyzed for several blood groups (A1A2BO, MNSs, Rh, P, Fy, K, Di, Jk, Lu, Nya), red cell enzyme systems (glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, phosphoglucomutase, acid phosphatase) and serum protein groups (Hp, Tf). The genetic constitution of these Iranian populations was described, and the genetic relationship to Mongolians and Caucasians was discussed. PMID- 6234220 TI - Regulation of B cell activation and differentiation with factors generated by human T cell hybridomas. AB - Human T cell hybridomas were generated by several techniques and the supernatants generated were screened for activity on human B cells. Three general activities were noted; B cell proliferation factor ( BCPF ), B cell differentiation factor (BCDF), and an IgA isotype-specific helper factor. BCPF acts on B cells to induce proliferation without differentiation and is distinct from conventional BCGF. This was documented by BCPF 's inability to synergize with anti-mu Ab in a standard BCGF assay ( Muraguchi & Fauci 1982, Howard et al. 1982, Sieckman et al. 1981), as well as its differential effect on a leukemic B cell preparation, when compared with BCGF. A possible schema for BCPF activity is depicted in Figures 3 and 4. In Figure 3, BCPF acts like Ag in vivo or like anti-mu in vitro, pre activating B cells and rendering them responsive to BCGF. Figure 4 represents what our data depict, that is that BCPF bypasses the response to BCGF and induces cells to proliferate without pre-activation. The difference in the 2 mechanisms may be concentration-dependent and this possibility is currently being evaluated. It is interesting to speculate that T cells in vivo are capable of initiating B cell activation and may account for polyclonal responses seen with some Ag specific reactions. BCDF(s) act on post-activated B cells (Figure 3) to induce differentiation to Ig-secreting cells. They appear to be heterogeneous and, therefore are capable of inducing varied responses depending on the B cell subpopulation affected. Figure 3 is deliberately complex demonstrating some of the possible as well as documented BCDF activities including polyclonal differentiation and isotype specific activity in IgA committed B cells. We cannot be certain of the frequency of these BCDF-secreting T cells, but the studies of cells from patients with common variable immunodeficiency and chronic lymphocytic leukemia have helped to dissect out these activities. These data would suggest that these BCDF subgroups are important, as deficiencies in one or more subgroups may result in disease. PMID- 6234221 TI - T cell-dependent B cell activation. AB - T cell-dependent induction of small, resting B lymphocytes requires direct recognition of antigen and/or I-A/E molecules on the B cell surface by the inducing helper cell, and it does not require the participation of Ig receptors on the responding B cell. Triggering B cell receptors, therefore, are either the I-A/E molecules themselves, or other structures with complementarities on helper cell membranes that become available for productive interactions upon I-A/E recognition. It would appear that signal delivery by such triggering receptors can be regulated by a membrane complex of molecules, involving immunoglobulins, Class II MHC molecules and other classes of receptors, which in selective and distinct manners control the quantitative levels of expression and/or availability of the relevant structures. Classical in vivo observations and our in vitro experiments led us to conclude that induction of B cells does not occur upon binding of T cell-dependent antigens to Ig receptors and, consequently, that B lymphocyte activation by anti-receptor antibodies has no physiological counterpart. Induced B lymphocytes proliferate and mature to high rate secretion of antibodies under the influence of selective growth and maturation factors produced by helper cells which are MHC-unrelated, act polyclonally and have no influence in normal, resting cells. Specific ligand interactions with the membrane molecules participating of that functional complex may also regulate reactivity to either growth or maturation factors, and, thus, control clonal performances and the fate of activated cells. PMID- 6234222 TI - Regulation of Ig class secretion by soluble products of certain T-cell lines. PMID- 6234223 TI - The synergism of accessory cells and of soluble alpha-factors derived from them in the activation of B cells to proliferation. PMID- 6234224 TI - B cell growth and differentiation factors and mechanism of B cell activation. PMID- 6234225 TI - Comparison between Nu/Nu and normal BALB/c T-helper activity in anti-hapten and anti-carrier responses. AB - Nu/nu BALB/c mount a primary in vivo anti-TNP response to T-dependent TNP antigens in the range of normal BALB/c mice. However, the response against the carrier (horse red blood cells, HRBC) was in the magnitude of about 5% as compared to normal BALB/c mice. Neither against the hapten, nor against the carrier a secondary response was observed. It could be shown by in vitro experiments that nu/nu contain a small population of TNP specific as well as HRBC specific T-helper (THTNP, THHRBC) cells. But even within the small nu/nu T-cell population, TH cells are less frequent than in T-cell populations of normal mice. Furthermore, the difference in help between nu/nu and normal BALB/c was more pronounced with respect to the anti-HRBC than the anti-TNP response. These observations could explain the lack of a secondary in vivo response being due to the low number of TH cells and the apparent in vivo unresponsiveness against HRBC as a consequence of the low frequency of THHRBC. PMID- 6234226 TI - Radiosensitive suppressor T cells for LIF production in mixed lymphocyte reactions. AB - LIF activity in the supernatants of one way MLR, one MNC population being irradiated, was significantly increased as compared to that produced in two way MLR. Puromycin treatment of the irradiated cells decreased LIF response while puromycin treatment of the non-irradiated cells had no detectable effect. A similar increase of LIF activity was achieved by removing either OKT8+ or OKT4+ cells from one cell component before performing the mixed culture. Recombination of the depleted cell samples followed by MLR decreased LIF response except when belonging to allogeneic donors. Mostly, irradiation of OKT8 depleted mononuclear cells before recombination with OKT4 depleted cells prevented LIF suppression in MLR. The suppressor function of OKT4+ cells seems to be more radiosensitive than that of OKT8+ cells in this system. It is suggested that LIF production in MLR is regulated by a suppressor circuit which is histocompatible restricted and requires interaction of both OKT4+ and OKT8+ cells. PMID- 6234227 TI - Immunoregulation in experimental filariasis. IV. Induction of non-specific suppression following in vitro exposure of spleen cells from infected jirds to Brugia pahangi antigen. AB - Studies with inbred jirds chronically infected (greater than 5 months) with Brugia pahangi have demonstrated splenic suppressor cells which modulate in vitro responsiveness to mitogens and parasite antigens. The stimuli which induce suppression were characterized by analysing the effect of activated cells from inbred normal or B. pahangi-infected jirds on the PHA and PWM responsiveness of cultures on normal cells. Regulatory cells were stimulated in vitro with concanavalin A (Con A; 5 micrograms/ml) or an extract of adult B. pahangi (20 micrograms/ml) for 72 hr and irradiated (1500 rads) prior to cocultivation with normal cells. Addition of Con A-activated normal spleen cells to normal cells produced moderate suppression of PHA and enhancement of PWM responsiveness. However, Con A-stimulated spleen cells from infected animals consistently suppressed both the PHA and PWM responsiveness of normal cells by 80-90%. Spleen cells from chronically infected jirds were also induced by B. pahangi antigen to suppress both the PHA and PWM responsiveness of normal lymphocytes. In contrast, spleen cells from animals 3-15 weeks after infection and lymph node cells from all time points were capable of suppressing only PWM responses when stimulated by antigen. Normal spleen cells were not induced by B. pahangi antigens to exhibit immunoregulatory activity. The suppression mediated by antigen-induced spleen cells from chronically infected jirds was partially or totally alleviated by removal of non-specific suppressor cells which are plastic adherent and cyclophosphamide-sensitive, or by removal of antigen-specific suppressor cells which bear receptors for histamine. the results suggest the involvement of regulatory cell circuits in experimental filarial infections. PMID- 6234228 TI - Generation of cytotoxic T cells in the rat mixed lymphocyte reaction is blocked by monoclonal antibody MRC OX-8. AB - MRC OX-8 is a mouse anti-rat monoclonal antibody which binds to thymocytes, cytotoxic T cells, suppressor cells and the majority of natural killer (NK) cells. Addition of this antibody at the beginning of a mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) inhibits the generation of cytotoxic T cells, assayed after 5 days. However, MRC OX-8 antibody has no effect on proliferation in the MLR, in particular of the MRC OX-8+ cells. The generation of cytotoxicity in the MLR is blocked by MRC OX-8 IgG and F(ab')2 and requires interaction of responder cells with the antibody during the first 24 hr of the MLR, indicating that it is the early stages which are most affected. MRC OX-8 has no effect on cytotoxic T cell function when added at the effector stage of the 51Cr-release assay and has no effect on NK cell-mediated killing. PMID- 6234229 TI - Differential effect of two monoclonal anti-Lyt-1 alloantibodies on lymphocyte distribution in vivo. AB - The effect of anti-Lyt-1 monoclonal antibody treatment on the in vivo migration properties of mouse T lymphocytes was examined. Cells were treated with antibody in the presence or absence of complement. T cells of the Lyt-2 cytotoxic/suppressor phenotype were selected from B6 spleen cell suspensions by cytotoxic elimination with an allospecific anti-Lyt-1.2 antibody. These cells were labelled with 51Cr and transferred to syngeneic recipients which were killed 1 or 24 hr later for assessment of radiolabel tissue distribution. In vivo migration of anti-Lyt-1.2 selected cells was similar to that of unselected T cells. By contrast, a functionally and phenotypically identical population selected from C3H spleen T cells with an anti-Lyt-1.1 monoclonal antibody showed increased accumulation in recipient liver and a decline in recovery from lymph nodes and spleen. Treatment with anti-Lyt-1.1 in the absence of complement caused even greater localization to the liver, with a simultaneous poor recovery from lymphoid tissues, similar treatment of cells from B6 Lyt-1.1. congenic mice also resulted in altered migration. Treatment of B6 lymphocytes with anti-Lyt-1.2 in the absence of complement caused little change in the normal T cell tissue localization. These results suggest that selected Lyt-2 cells, reported to express low levels of Lyt-1 antigen undetectable by conventional u.v light microscopy immunofluorescence and serological methods, may contain residual bound antibody which can result in opsonization and sequestration of the cells by recipient stromal cells after in vivo transfer. Binding of the antibody directed to the Lyt-1.2 allospecificity of B6, although of the same immunoglobulin class and selecting for a similar functional set by cytotoxic elimination, does not cause such sequestration in vivo. PMID- 6234230 TI - Lyt phenotype, lymphocyte migration and the selective tissue positioning of mouse T cell sets. AB - Functionally defined mouse Lyt-1 and Lyt-2 cell sets were selected from peripheral lymph nodes by cytotoxic elimination with anti-Lyt monoclonal antibodies. The selected populations were labelled with 51Cr or [3H]-adenosine and traced in syngeneic recipients at 1, 24, 45 and 65 hr after intravenous injection. Recovered radioactivity in recipient organs was measured by gamma counting. The exact tissue positioning of the labelled cells was determined by autoradiography and labelled cell counting in spleen, lymph node and Peyer's patch microenvironments. Selected cell sets differed from unselected T cells in two ways: (i) Selected Lyt-1 and Lyt-2 cells showed some decline in recovery from recipient lymph nodes at 24 hr after injection; (ii) Lyt-2 cells showed enhanced localization to Peyer's patches. Autoradiographic analysis of microenvironmental tissue positioning of [3H]-adenosine labelled cells confirmed a relatively higher localization of Lyt-2 cells in Peyer's patches than in lymph nodes. In both tissues, the majority of the labelled cells were found in T areas. In the spleen, a higher proportion of Lyt-2 cells was seen in T-independent follicular areas. PMID- 6234231 TI - Failure of affinity maturation leads to increased susceptibility to immune complex glomerulonephritis. AB - Mice, previously selected for the production of low affinity antibody after four injections of protein antigens in saline, fell into two groups on the basis of their antibody response after injection of adjuvantized antigen. One group produced antibody of sequentially rising affinity but the other produced only low affinity antibody. Mice from the latter group were interbred to produce low affinity non-maturing mice (low N/M mice). Daily injections in these mice produced a more rapid and severe glomerulonephritis than that observed in mice of the original low affinity line. Male low N/M mice were more severely affected than female low N/M mice. Susceptibility to the disease were associated not only with an inability to produce the maturational transition from low affinity to high affinity antibody with time but also with the production of low levels of antibody. It is suggested that these quantitative and qualitative defects in the antibody response may lead to increased susceptibility to immune complex disease. PMID- 6234233 TI - Prevention of transmission of hepatitis B in dental practice. AB - Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is transmitted by infected blood and possibly saliva; faecal-oral transmission is also possible. Infected material is transmitted mostly by the parenteral route. Hence, the transmission of HBV in the dental surgery should be prevented by the routine exercise of good clinical hygiene. As part of patient assessment information on recent hepatitis should be sought. Patients may carry HBV and be infectious from 1 to 4 months after contracting the disease. During this period the surface antigen (HBsAg) can be detected in blood. Symptoms generally appear from 2 to 4 months after infection. High risk groups in the community should be recognized. In communities where the disease is widespread this may include most of the population. Elective dental treatment for patients likely to be infectious should be postponed until the infectious stage has passed; this can be confirmed by showing the absence of HBsAg in blood. A high standard of clinical hygiene, including the routine use of disposable needles for injections, single dose containers for drugs to be injected, sterilized instruments and personal cleanliness before and after treating patients, is essential to prevent transmission of HBV. More stringent precautions are necessary when treating persons likely to be infectious. Although the introduction of an immunization programme to protect dentists and clinical staff is imminent proper clinical hygiene will continue to be essential to safeguard both patients and clinicians. PMID- 6234232 TI - Effects of an immunomodulating agent on peripheral blood lymphocytes and subgingival microflora in ligature-induced periodontitis. AB - The peripheral blood lymphocyte populations and the subgingival levels of black pigmented Bacteroides species were monitored during the conversion of chronic gingivitis to progressing periodontitis in cynomolgus monkeys. In addition, the effects of an immunomodulating agent, the pentapeptide of thymopoietin (TP5), were determined. After the induction of active periodontitis, proportions of helper T-cells (OKT-4 positive) decreased from 31.5 to 26.4%, and proportions of B-cells (surface immunoglobulin positive) increased from 44.5 to 51.8%. Proportions of suppressor T-cells (OKT-8 positive) remained unchanged, but the numbers of OKT-8-positive cells increased. During this same time period the total cultivable subgingival flora increased from 1.5 X 10(6) to 3.5 X 10(6) per sample, with Bacteroides gingivalis increasing from 5.3 to 16.6% of the total cultivable subgingival flora. After 10 weeks of active periodontitis, animals were treated with either TP5 or placebo. Treatment with TP5 produced an increase in helper T-cells but had no effect on B-cells. The OKT-4/OKT-8 cell ratio, which decreased from 1.3 to 0.8 with disease induction, was increased to 1.1 after TP5 treatment but remained at 0.9 in placebo-treated animals. TP5 had no effect on the total cultivable subgingival flora but significantly decreased the subgingival proportions of B. gingivalis and other black-pigmented Bacteroides species. In this model system, active periodontitis was associated with an increase in B. gingivalis, a decreased helper/suppressor T-cell ratio, and increased levels of B-cells. Treatment with TP5 increased the helper/suppressor T cell ratio and decreased B. gingivalis levels, suggesting that lymphocyte subsets have the potential to influence subgingival levels of potential periodontal pathogens. PMID- 6234234 TI - Regulation of constitutive bone marrow cell proliferation by bone marrow suppressor cells. AB - Bone marrow (BM) cells have previously been shown to suppress specific immune responses of cells from peripheral lymphoid organs. The present report describes a suppressor cell present in normal rabbit BM, which regulated the constitutive proliferation of other BM cells. The suppressor cells were Fc gamma-receptor positive (Fc gamma R+) complement-receptor-negative, and nonadherent or weakly adherent. Similar suppressive activity was not detected among rabbit spleen cells. Removal of Fc gamma R+ suppressor cells allowed greater than 10-fold increases in the proliferation of Fc gamma R- BM cells. Addition of Fc gamma R+ BM cells to Fc gamma R- cells efficiently blocked proliferation. The suppressor cells acted by inhibiting the elaboration of a soluble growth-promoting factor by cells in the Fc gamma R- population. The growth-promoting factor enhanced proliferation of unseparated rabbit BM cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells. PMID- 6234235 TI - Differential activities of rabbit bone marrow suppressor cells. AB - A population of nonadherent Fc gamma-receptor-bearing (Fc gamma R+) suppressor cells in normal rabbit bone marrow (BM) which inhibited the constitutive proliferation of other BM cells has been previously described. Suppression was by blocking the release of a soluble growth-promoting factor. In the present report, it was found that the Fc gamma R+ BM suppressor cells, which were suppressive to background proliferation, were not suppressive to lymphocyte activation by immune complexes (IC). Adherent BM cells showed suppressive activity toward IC stimulation, but none toward constitutive BM proliferation. IC-induced proliferation was enhanced by the soluble growth factor, but only in the absence of adherent cells. Adherent cells did not affect growth factor enhancement of constitutive proliferation, suggesting that different cell populations were affected. Depletion of the Fc gamma R+ suppressor cells promoted growth of cells which subsequently developed Fc gamma R+, increasing the possibility of interaction with IC, which also preferentially induced Fc gamma R+ cells. PMID- 6234236 TI - Demonstration of long-lived memory T suppressor cells in the IgE response. AB - Administration to mice of repeated small doses of glutaraldehyde-polymerized ovalbumin (OA-POL) results in drastic suppression of the IgE antibody response. The high anamnestic IgE antibody responses usually obtained after 2 injections of native OA in alum were completely abrogated when OA-POL was administered between the 2 immunizations. Treatment with OA-POL prior to a primary immunization with 2 micrograms DNP-OA in alum induced a profound suppression of both anti-DNP and anticarrier IgE responses. The suppression, which was detectable for at least 7 months, was antigen-specific, selective for the IgE class and was sensitive to treatment of spleen cells with anti-Thy-1.2 antibody and complement. Adoptive transfer of spleen cells from donors treated with OA-POL 200 days, 16 days or 200 and 16 days prior to transfer, resulted in different kinetics of suppression in the recipient. The results are consistent with the presence of long-lived IgE selective T suppressor cell memory. The possibility that separate Ts and Ts memory cell populations are generated is discussed. PMID- 6234237 TI - Peritoneal access devices: a search for biocompatibility. PMID- 6234238 TI - Heterogeneous density and ultrastructure of rabbit's peritoneal microvasculature. AB - In this study, samples of mesenteric diaphragmatic peritoneum and peritoneum covering the inner side of the ventral abdominal wall of apparently normal rabbits were examined under electron microscopy. Mesentery appeared as the most vascularized peritoneal segment (71.1% of the total number of observed capillaries). Diaphragmatic and parietal peritoneum contributions to the total examined microvascular bed were of 17.9% and 10.9% respectively. Only 3.2% of peritoneal diaphragmatic capillaries were of the fenestrated type. This qualitative and quantitative heterogeneity of the peritoneal microcirculation combined with the different contribution of each peritoneal segment to the total peritoneal surface area, the different mesothelial cell density of visceral and parietal peritoneum, and the different permeability of parietal visceral peritoneum suggest that, in vivo, whole organ permeability studies would eventually show just an average of an unknown distribution of segmental peritoneal permeabilities. PMID- 6234239 TI - Imbalance of helper and suppressor T lymphocytes in malignant non-Hodgkin lymphomas: an in situ morphometric analysis. AB - The number and distribution of reactive T cells within 100 malignant B-cell lymphomas were evaluated in situ by immunomorphometry using stereological methods. Findings were related to histological and clinical parameters. A mean of 2 X 10(4) reactive T cells/microliter tumour tissue was found. This corresponds to 40% of the T-cell content of normal lymphatic tissues. The distribution of reactive T cells within the tumours was diffuse except for centroblastic/centrocytic lymphomas. When evaluating the different histological entities a correlation between number of helper T cells, T helper:T suppressor (TH:TS) ratio and histological subgroups emerged, particularly in non-Hodgkin lymphomas of low-grade malignancy. The highest ratio was found in prognostically favourable subgroups, CLL (2.7 +/- 0.3) and tumour areas of centroblastic/centrocytic lymphomas (2.9 +/- 0.4). In contrast, a significantly lower ratio was found in centrocytic lymphomas (1.4 +/- 0.3) corresponding well to the worst prognosis of this subgroup. The relationship between the number of helper T cells in tumour tissues, TH:TS ratio and prognosis was confirmed and extended by the evaluation of clinical data. It could be shown that, independently of histological criteria, a close correlation exists between the number of T cells, particularly T helper cells within the tumour, TH:TS ratio and clinical course. Patients with a favourable course had 1.4 X 10(4) T helper cells/microliter tumour tissue compared to only 0.8 X 10(4) for patients with an unfavourable clinical course (p less than 0.01); the TH:TS ratio was 2.8 for the favourable and 1.8 for the unfavourable group, respectively (p less than 0.04). In contrast, neither treatment nor tumour stage had a clear-cut influence on the extent of T-cell infiltration. PMID- 6234240 TI - Clinical and immunobiological effects of an orally administered bacterial extract. AB - The effect of a bacterial extract orally administered to 20 children with recurrent infections of the upper respiratory tract, was investigated in a double blind study. The composition of the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (T and B lymphocytes, monocytes) and some of their biochemical properties (5' nucleotidase, beta-N-acetyl-glucosaminidase and non-specific esterase) were unaffected. In contrast, the allogeneic mixed lymphocyte reaction was significantly increased in patients treated with the bacterial extract. In the treated group the number of infectious episodes decreased significantly and the clinical response correlated positively with the mixed lymphocyte reaction. These findings suggest that the bacterial extract has the capacity of restoring depressed immune functions by acting through the gut-associated lymphoid tissue. PMID- 6234241 TI - [Development of an Attitude Toward Handicapped Structure Test. Initial validation studies in a projective test procedure]. AB - To know the structure of the attitudes toward disabled persons is of importance for practical rehabilitation work as well as for rehabilitation research. The hereby presented BESTT 83 (attitudes-toward-disabled-structure test 1983) comprises 15 factors of the attitude toward the disabled (integration climate). It makes use of pictures in order to be most realistic and to eliminate conscious and unconscious tendencies of distortion. The method can be used for individual tests as well as for group experiments. The test in its original setting has been checked by means of an expert rating and an empirical study (175 subjects aged between 10 and 90 years). The results show the reliability and validity of this method. PMID- 6234242 TI - Teacher attitude toward the elementary exceptional child. AB - A factorial study was carried out to assess attitudes of elementary teachers toward exceptional children, grades 1-6, in Bensenville , Illinois, U. S. A. A 25 item attitude scale (questionnaire) was designed. Each item was responded to a 5 point Likert-type scale. Teachers indicated extent of their agreement or disagreement that described their attitudes toward the exceptional child. Ten dimensions underlying teachers' attitudes toward the exceptional child were isolated. Attitudes occur primarily on items associated with four factors: effects of exceptional child in the classroom; teacher anxiety; teachers' perception of exceptional child; teachers' conditions for accepting exceptional child. About one-third of the teachers agreed to the items in the four factors. The results showed that teachers perceived their inability to work with certain exceptionalities due to lack of knowledge, impositions , and anxieties. They accepted the mildly retarded but rejected the physically handicapped, severely handicapped, and emotionally disturbed. Implications of the study to develop teachers' positive attitudes are: increased experience, contact with exceptional children, specific skill acquisition, and supportive assistance. PMID- 6234243 TI - The dichromate problem. PMID- 6234244 TI - Cutaneous changes in Huntington's disease. Preliminary report. AB - The histologic findings of the skin of patients with Huntington's disease include hyperkeratosis, epidermal atrophy, subepidermal fibrosis, and an increase in acid mucopolysaccharide. Obvious macroscopic cutaneous changes are not present. PMID- 6234245 TI - Rosacea. PMID- 6234246 TI - Putative high mobility group (HMG) non-histone chromosomal proteins from wheat germ. Isolation, characterisation and partial sequence analysis. AB - Four proteins have been isolated from wheat germ by methods analogous to those used to isolate HMG proteins from animal tissue. All four proteins have been shown to be chromosomal in origin. Although amino acid analyses show that three of these proteins have compositions similar to those of the mammalian HMG proteins, N-terminal sequence analyses of these proteins show an absence of sequence homology with any of the mammalian HMG proteins. PMID- 6234247 TI - Mobility for the disabled patient. PMID- 6234248 TI - Insurance and the disabled. AB - The provision of life insurance for the disabled has been investigated to determine the extent to which the perceived disadvantage expressed by some disabled groups was real and, if real, justified. Life cover for a particular disability is likely to be offered only by the few companies with experience of it; however, the ratings charged appear usually to be a fair reflection of the limited and often poor information available. The response of organizations for the disabled to this problem has been reviewed, and possible strategies to enable the disabled to obtain insurance are suggested. PMID- 6234249 TI - A comparative evaluation of thermography and scintigraphy in the assessment of sacroiliitis. PMID- 6234250 TI - Liver localization of [99mTc]MDP in a case of metastatic malignant melanoma. PMID- 6234251 TI - Hepatitis B immunization 1983 to 1984. PMID- 6234252 TI - Inhibition of pulmonary metastasis of Lewis lung carcinoma by a glucan, Schizophyllan. AB - The effect of a glucan, Schizophyllan (SPG), on pulmonary metastases in syngeneic mice bearing Lewis lung carcinoma (3LL) was examined. As a model of pulmonary metastases, 3LL cells were implanted into the footpads of C57BL/6 mice, the resulting primary tumor was removed 9-10 days later. The inhibitory effect of SPG was evaluated from the number of pulmonary surface nodules on the lungs about 3 weeks after tumor implantation. SPG was found to have antimetastatic activity, which depended on its dose and time of injection. A single injection of 100 or 200 mg/kg or daily injections of 20 or 50 mg/kg of SPG after removal of the primary tumor markedly inhibited pulmonary metastases. Combined therapy with cyclophosphamide and SPG significantly prolonged the survival of mice with pulmonary metastases. Enhancement of the in vitro cytotoxic activity of peritoneal macrophages and bronchoalveolar or whole lung cells against 3LL cells was noted in SPG-treated mice on day 7 after a single intraperitoneal injection of 100 mg/kg SPG. Intravenous transfer of peritoneal macrophages activated with SPG inhibited the development of pulmonary micrometastases. PMID- 6234253 TI - Molecular mechanism of fibrinolysis--a system involved with malignant cells. PMID- 6234254 TI - Detection of bone metastases in patients with breast cancer. AB - Various methods have been evaluated for their ability to detect bone metastases in patients with breast cancer. Bone scanning and hydroxyproline measurements are insensitive and showed metastases in few patients with primary breast cancer despite the fact that most will develop bone metastases. We have therefore investigated the value of examining the bone marrow with immunocytochemical staining for breast carcinoma cells. Initial results in 68 patients with no evidence of bone metastases by conventional means indicated (a) that some patients have breast cancer cells in bone marrow despite having no evidence of dissemination using other tests, and (b) that patients with micrometastases relapse sooner than those patients with normal bone marrows. PMID- 6234255 TI - Cyclosporine-induced alterations of humoral response in experimental autoimmune uveitis. AB - Cyclosporine (CsA) has been shown to be effective in preventing S-antigen (S-Ag) induced experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU) in Lewis rats. Alterations in the humoral immune responses associated with CsA therapy are illustrated by lower peak and delayed production of circulating anti-S-Ag antibodies in a proportional relationship to the dose of CsA in EAU. Circulating immune complexes were not detected in rats with EAU or in rats treated with CsA and without disease. These findings further support the important role of T-cells in EAU and further demonstrate the effect of CsA on helper T-cells. The kinetics of antibody production by S-Ag-immunized rats appears altered by CsA. PMID- 6234256 TI - Isotretinoin (Accutane) for the management of severe nodulocystic acne. PMID- 6234257 TI - Renal angioplasty. PMID- 6234258 TI - Helper/suppressor ratio in multiple sclerosis. PMID- 6234260 TI - Redundant nerve roots of the cauda equina. AB - The authors have critically reviewed 8 cases which have come under their observation of a lumbosciatic syndrome due to redundant nerve roots of the cauda equina. Some of the clinical and myeloradiculographic features appear to be characteristic of this rare syndrome. Surgical intervention by decompressing the nerve roots of the cauda equina offers a very favourable prognosis. PMID- 6234259 TI - Monoclonal antibody analysis of blood T-cell subsets in multiple sclerosis. AB - The present study deals with the characterization of peripheral blood T-cell subpopulations in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients during different stages of the disease. An indirect immunofluorescence assay was performed using monoclonal antibodies directed at lymphocyte surface antigens. Patients in exacerbation were found to have significantly (p less than 0.001) reduced OKT8+ (T-suppressor) cells and a high helper/suppressor ratio (p less than 0.001). Patients in remission showed a significant increase of suppressor T-cells compared to controls (p less than 0.02) and patients during relapse (p less than 0.001); H/S ratio was consequently low compared to acute MS (p less than 0.001) and controls (p less than 0.1). Patients with a progressive course showed an intermediate T subset pattern. The results are discussed in the light of the most recent neuroimmunological approaches to MS. PMID- 6234261 TI - Achieving health outcomes through professional dental care: comparing the cost of dental treatment for children in three practice modes. AB - The search for effective strategies to deal with prevention and treatment of oral disease focuses on children as a natural target population. This article reports data on the comparative costs of delivering dental care to children via (1) a school-based practice using Expanded Function Dental Auxiliaries, (2) a school based practice without EFDAs, and (3) a group of unrelated private dental practices operating independent of the school system. Utilization of a dentist's services varied significantly between the children assigned to private care and those assigned to the school-based programs, but it cost less per patient to provide dental treatment through the private practitioners. If school-based practices are clearly more effective in reducing dental disease, in the long run the need for manpower and resources in these programs might be lowered to a point where they will become more cost-effective than private practices. If the two delivery modes are equally effective in reducing dental disease, however, results from the study indicate that private practices are more cost-effective and will probably maintain their cost-effective advantage over school-based programs. PMID- 6234262 TI - Immunological and histochemical analysis of regional variations of epidermal Langerhans cells in normal human skin. AB - Epidermal Langerhans' cells (LC) were enumerated in normal human skin from various anatomical sites using a monoclonal antibody (NA1/34) to human thymocyte antigen (HTA-1) and the standard ATPase reaction on frozen sections. The same population of cells was identified with each technique. LC densities were found to be significantly higher in hair bearing skin than in skin from the palm and sole. LC were also identified in hair follicles (where the numbers decreased from the superficial to the deep portions) and sebaceous glands but in no other adnexal structure. Normal numbers were encountered in patients who had received radiotherapy or systemic chemotherapy for malignant disease for periods of greater than two months before death. As LC are important antigen presenting cells, the variation in their density suggests that the immunological properties of normal skin may not be uniform throughout the body. This may be related to the varying anatomical distribution of some skin disorders with an immunological basis. PMID- 6234263 TI - Quantitative histochemistry of three mouse hind-limb muscles: the relationship between calcium-stimulated myofibrillar ATPase and succinate dehydrogenase activities. AB - A quantitative modification of Meijer 's calcium-lead capture method, for the demonstration of calcium-stimulated myofibrillar ATPase activity at physiological pH, is described. A range of myofibrillar ATPase activities has been found among fast muscle fibres in two mouse hind-limb muscles. The myofibrillar ATPase activity of fast muscle fibres is 1.5-3 times higher than the myofibrillar ATPase activity of slow muscle fibres. Myofibrillar ATPase activities and succinate dehydrogenase activities of individual muscle fibres have been determined in serial sections. Activities of the two enzymes are correlated positively in soleus (fast and slow fibres), and negatively in plantaris (almost all fast) and extensor digitorum longus muscle (all fast). However, this correlation is not significant among the oxidative fibres in the extensor digitorum longus. The fibres of the latter muscle cannot be classified satisfactorily into two sub types. PMID- 6234264 TI - Homogeneity among mitochondria revealed by a constant proportion of their enzymes. AB - The homogeneity or heterogeneity at the enzyme level of mitochondria has not been directly demonstrated and is important for many studies. To clarify this point, carbamoyl phosphate synthase (ammonia), glutamate dehydrogenase and mitochondrial adenosine triphosphatase (F1) were located in rat liver by immunolabeling using protein A-gold. Measurements of the number of gold particles per square micron of cross sectional images of mitochondria permit to assess the relative molecular concentration of the three enzymes and, most interestingly, it presents the first evidence that different mitochondria in rat liver cells have the same relative proportion of the three enzymes. Since they have vastly different half-lives, bulk or unregulated autophagy as the main mechanism regulating the turnover of these enzymes seems unlikely. PMID- 6234265 TI - Localization of proteoheparan sulfate in rat aorta. AB - This study describes the distribution of heparan sulfate proteoglycan ( HSPG ) within the rat aorta using immunocytochemical (biotin-avidin-peroxidase) and immuno-electron microscopy (125I-autoradiography). Heparan sulfate proteoglycan was isolated from a basement membrane producing mouse EHS sarcoma ( Hassell et al. 1980) and used to generate antisera in rabbits. Light microscopic observations revealed intense immunostaining of the intima and media of normal aorta, adventitial vasa vasorum, and aortic intimal fibromuscular thickenings induced by experimental injury (balloon de-endothelialization). Immunoelectron microscopy using 125I labeled antibodies to HSPG revealed that proteoheparan sulfate was localized to the amorphous layer of basement membrane below aortic and capillary endothelium. In addition, labeled anti- HSPG could be localized to the external lamina surrounding the smooth muscle cells in the hyperplastic intima. These studies reveal that antibodies prepared against a proteoheparan sulfate isolated from a basement membrane producing EHS sarcoma cross react with basement membrane structures within the aortic wall. Furthermore, these results demonstrate that the basement membranes beneath aortic and capillary endothelium and the external lamina surrounding aortic smooth muscle cells contain a heparan sulfate proteoglycan that is antigenically similar. PMID- 6234266 TI - Alloproliferative human T cell clones primed and cultured in vitro lose proliferative and gain suppressive activity with age. AB - Alloreactive human T lymphocyte clones were found to lose antigen-stimulated proliferative capacity and their ability to secrete interleukin 2 (IL 2) after a critical period in tissue culture. Instead, they gained the previously absent capacity to suppress lymphoproliferative (LP) responses in the presence or absence of exogenous IL 2. Such "ex-PLT" suppressive clones continued to grow perfectly well, retaining IL 2 and filler cell dependency, apparently normal karyotypes, and their OKT4+, OKT8- phenotypes. At least two suppressive mechanisms were demonstrated: (1) the "induction" of suppressive effectors in normal peripheral lymphocytes, and (2) a direct suppressive activity on lymphocyte proliferation shown by their ability to inhibit restimulation of cloned lymphocytes lacking suppressor cell precursors. The consistent "differentiation" from IL 2-secreting "helper" status to nonspecific suppressive status may represent a novel immunoregulatory phase in the long-term differentiation of normal human T cells. PMID- 6234267 TI - Interrelationships of contraction time, Vmax, and myosin ATPase after spinal transection. AB - Interrelationships of selected mechanical and biochemical properties of hindlimb extensor muscles following low thoracic cord transection were studied. Kittens were spinalized (Sp) at 2 wk and maintained for 6-12 mo. Some Sp animals were exercised (Sp-E) on a treadmill 25-30 min/day, 5 days/wk. In situ contractile properties of the slow-twitch soleus (SOL) and fast-twitch medical gastrocnemius (MG) muscles of normal (N), Sp, and Sp-E cats were determined. Exercise did not affect most parameters; thus Sp and Sp-E groups are considered collectively. The cross-sectional areas (CSA) of the SOL and MG decreased by 43 and 32%, respectively. Specific tension (tension/CSA) was maintained in the SOL but decreased (P less than 0.05) in the MG. Contraction time (CT) and half-relaxation time were significantly shorter in the SOL but unchanged in the MG. Maximum shortening velocity (Vmax) and myosin ATPase (mumol X mg-1 X min-1) increased (P less than 0.05) in the SOL of both groups and the MG of Sp. Frequency-tension responses of both muscles shifted toward that resembling a "faster" muscle. These results substantiate the existence of relatively independent regulatory mechanisms for Vmax and CT and show that myosin ATPase levels are more closely related to Vmax than CT. Although the changes in the SOL were consistent with the hypothesis that slow fibers are converted to fast, the elevated Vmax and myosin ATPase of the MG suggest that significant changes also occur within a "fast" fiber-type category. PMID- 6234268 TI - Evidence that phosphofructokinase limits glucose utilization in bovine adipose tissue. AB - Bovine subcutaneous adipose tissue slices were incubated with 10 mM [U--14C] acetate in the absence and presence of 2 mM glucose, 10 mM lactate and 33 mU insulin/ml. The incorporation of acetate into fatty acids was stimulated significantly by glucose and lactate, but not by insulin. The concentration of glycolytic intermediates was measured in tissue slices incubated in vitro with the same substrate combinations. Glucose significantly increased the cellular content of glucose 6-phosphate and fructose 6-phosphate, but had no effect on any other glycolytic intermediate. Under certain conditions, acetate and lactate tended to decrease the monophosphorylated hexoses and increase certain triose phosphates, indicating increased flux through phosphofructokinase. Insulin generally had no effect on metabolite levels. The data indicate that phosphofructokinase has a key regulatory role in controlling glycolytic flux in bovine adipose tissue incubated in vitro. The data did not indicate regulatory roles for hexokinase or insulin. PMID- 6234269 TI - Norfloxacin--a new quinolone for urinary infection. PMID- 6234270 TI - Treatment of simple urinary tract infections in general practice with a 3-day course of norfloxacin. AB - Ninety-nine patients with simple symptomatic urinary tract infections from three general practices were treated with norfloxacin 400 mg bd for 3 days and were followed up for 2 to 4 weeks. Forty of the 99 patients had bacteriuria. Bacteriological eradication of initial pathogen was achieved by 5 to 7 days in 100%. At 2 to 4 weeks three patients had become reinfected but with a different organism. Ninety per cent of patients were symptomatically cured or improved by the fifth to seventh day after therapy started. Drug related adverse experiences were seen in 9% of patients. None necessitated cessation of therapy. No significant biochemical or haematological abnormalities occurred. PMID- 6234271 TI - Norfloxacin, amoxycillin, cotrimoxazole and nalidixic acid. A summary of 3-day and 7-day therapy studies in the treatment of urinary tract infections. AB - The results of clinical trials in which norfloxacin was used for 7 days compared with amoxycillin or cotrimoxazole, or for 3 days compared with citrated nalidixic acid, are presented. Additionally, the results of a concurrent open study of 3 days of norfloxacin in the management of simple urinary tract infections are discussed. Resistance to norfloxacin was only encountered in 0.2% of pathogens isolated. Norfloxacin was as effective in eradicating bacteriuria as amoxycillin, cotrimoxazole or citrated nalidixic acid. The response to 3 days of norfloxacin was similar to that seen after 7 days therapy with this compound, or to 7 days of cotrimoxazole. The incidence of adverse experiences to norfloxacin in 758 patients was below 10%. PMID- 6234272 TI - The antimicrobial spectrum of norfloxacin. AB - The gamma-pyridone beta-carboxylic acids or 'quinolones' rival beta-lactam antibiotics in diversity of chemical structure and properties. Norfloxacin has a much wider spectrum than nalidixic acid which includes pseudomonas and Gram positive cocci. It is also much more potent with MIC50 for Enterobacteriaceae of less than 0.06 mg/l. This high activity is reduced in the presence of urine- possibly due to pH, but probably not to clinically inadequate levels. The results of laboratory tests from around the world are reviewed; despite various techniques these are remarkably consistent. The wide spectrum of norfloxacin should make it useful for therapy of urinary tract infection, and for gut decontamination and enteric infections. The high potency should allow use of lower doses with possibly less toxicity than nalidixic acid. PMID- 6234273 TI - Frequency of appearance of resistant variants to norfloxacin and nalidixic acid. AB - The clinical use of nalidixic acid has been hampered by the rapid appearance of resistant variants. This study compares the frequency of appearance of resistant variants to nalidixic acid and norfloxacin, a new quinolone-carboxylic acid with superior antimicrobial activity. We found a lower frequency of appearance of resistant variants with norfloxacin, although there was some cross-resistance between the two drugs. A gradation in this frequency was also noted between the species of Gram-negative rods tested, so that larger numbers of resistant variants appeared with the non-fermenters. PMID- 6234274 TI - The assessment of antimicrobial activity in an in-vitro model of the treatment of bacterial cystitis. AB - In order to investigate the comparative activity of agents of the nalidixic acid series, cultures of nalidixic acid sensitive strains of E. coli were exposed to the drugs in an in-vitro model that simulates the hydrokinetic aspects of the treatment of bacterial cystitis. Intrinsic activity, as judged by the response to a single dose of drug and resistance as judged by response to a repeat dose, were investigated. All seven compounds tested in this way were able to inhibit bacterial growth for considerable periods of time even when the peak concentration achieved was as low as 10 mg/l. However, resistance emerged readily, particularly to nalidixic acid, pipemidic acid and piromidic acid. Norfloxacin was the most active of the seven compounds tested and was the only one to which resistance did not emerge at the concentrations tested. However, when two nalidixic acid resistant strains were tested in the bladder model, norfloxacin resistance was observed to emerge with one strain, but not with the other. PMID- 6234275 TI - Bactericidal effects of norfloxacin towards bacteria in urine. AB - Norfloxacin produced a reliably bactericidal effect at concentrations from 3 to 90 mg/l against urine pathogens suspended in human urine. These included Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus faecalis and Staphylococci. Resistant mutants of Staphylococcus aureus were isolated on two occasions (out of 33 experiments). At high concentrations (c. 90 mg/l) the activity was less but this was probably due to the need for a low pH to dissolve the antibiotic. The pH for optimum activity of norfloxacin in urine was 7.5 to 8.0. Human blood had little effect on the bactericidal activity. Compared to other antibiotics, the rate of killing of cultures in urine was second only to gentamicin. PMID- 6234276 TI - Pharmacokinetics of norfloxacin (MK 366) in patients with impaired kidney function--some preliminary results. AB - The concentration of norfloxacin in serum and urine was measured in five healthy volunteers and eleven patients with renal impairment following a 400 mg oral dose of norfloxacin. In impaired renal function the elimination rate of norfloxacin is decreased considerably whereupon the area under the curve (AUC) rises rapidly. The urinary concentration of norfloxacin decreases with renal function but therapeutic levels are still obtained for sensitive organisms. Patients with a glomerular filtration rate of less than 30 ml/min require dosage reduction and we would recommend a reduction to half the usual dosage. PMID- 6234277 TI - Norfloxacin--a review of pharmacology and tissue penetration. AB - A review of the pharmacokinetics of the highly active quinoline derivative, norfloxacin, is presented. The compound appears to be rapidly absorbed. The serum half-life is about 3 X 5 h and 30% of a given dose is recovered in the urine. Rapid penetration of an inflammatory exudate occurs. The compound is metabolized to a modest extent, probably in the liver, six metabolites being recognized. The serum half-life is prolonged in severe renal impairment. Probenecid would appear to decrease the renal elimination. The possibility of treating both urinary and tissue infections with this compound is raised. PMID- 6234279 TI - Comparative study using norfloxacin and amoxycillin in the treatment of complicated urinary tract infections in geriatric patients. AB - Norfloxacin, a new oral quinolone antimicrobial agent, was shown to have considerably greater activity than nalidixic acid and cinoxacin against sensitive and resistant strains of Enterobacteriaceae. A clinical trial was carried out comparing norfloxacin with amoxycillin in two groups of 20 geriatric patients with complicated urinary tract infection. The cure rate was 95% with norfloxacin and 75% with amoxycillin. Failures of treatment were due to increased bacterial resistance in most cases. Norfloxacin was well tolerated by all patients and no changes were noted in the toxicological assessment. Norfloxacin is a valuable addition to the oral antimicrobial agents available for the treatment of urinary tract infection. PMID- 6234278 TI - A review of urinary tract infection in the elderly. AB - Bacteriuria is much more common in the elderly than in younger individuals for a variety of reasons. Women have a greater prevalence than men, but the trend to increased prevalence with age in over 65 year olds is greater in men. The acquisition rate for bacteriuria in the elderly is extremely high but information about the sequelae of bacteriuria is scanty. However there is good evidence that bacteriuria is associated with increased mortality. In clinical practice, subjects found to be bacteriuric tend to be treated and there are a variety of problems in this, not only with regard to efficacy but also in suitability of antimicrobials by virtue of resistance patterns and side effects. A small comparative study shows that norfloxacin may be a suitable drug for use in the elderly, but further studies are required to confirm this in larger numbers of unselected patients. A transient but significant rise in serum creatinine was observed in subjects on cotrimoxazole. PMID- 6234280 TI - The treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa urinary tract infections with norfloxacin. AB - Norfloxacin, a new quinolone compound has marked activity against strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa being superior to that of gentamicin, carbenicillin, ticarcillin, the ureidopenicillins and cephalosporins, and similar to that of tobramycin. Nineteen patients with complicated urinary tract infections caused by Pseudomonas spp. were treated with norfloxacin and 16 (84%) responded to therapy. No side or toxic effects were seen. Two of the three failures of treatment were due to underlying uripenicillins and cephalosporins, and similar to that of tobramycin. Nineteen patients with complicated urinary tract infections caused by Pseudomonas spp. were treated with norfloxacin and 16 (84%) responded to therapy. No side or toxic effects were seen. Two of the three failures of treatment were due to underlying uripenicillins and cephalosporins, and similar to that of tobramycin. Nineteen patients with complicated urinary tract infections caused by Pseudomonas spp. were treated with norfloxacin and 16 (84%) responded to therapy. No side or toxic effects were seen. Two of the three failures of treatment were due to underlying urinary tract disease. The other failure was due to a resistant strain of Ps. aeruginosa. Norfloxacin is a new valuable oral antimicrobial agent with a wide range of bacterial activity which includes many strains of bacteria resistant to other agents. Due to its high urinary concentrations, norfloxacin is particularly indicated in the treatment of urinary tract infections. PMID- 6234282 TI - Treatment of acute urinary infection by norfloxacin or nalidixic acid/citrate: a multi-centre comparative study. AB - The efficacy, tolerability and side effects of a 3-day treatment for acute urinary infection in general practice with norfloxacin (400 mg 12 hourly) or nalidixic acid/citrate (1 sachet 8 hourly) were compared in a randomized study. Patient groups had similar demography, symptomatology and initial infecting bacteria. Of the evaluable 55 patients in each treatment group with initial bacteriuria, 53 (96%) had no bacteriuria at immediate follow-up after treatment with norfloxacin and 45 (82%) with nalidixic acid/citrate. The corresponding rates at late follow-up were 40/45 (89%) and 29/43 (67%) (P less than 0.05). Among the bacteriuric patients a significantly greater proportion were recorded as having cured and improved symptoms. The tolerability of norfloxacin seemed to be better than that of nalidixic acid/citrate. PMID- 6234283 TI - Subtle enablers. PMID- 6234281 TI - Norfloxacin versus cotrimoxazole in the treatment of uncomplicated urinary tract infections--a multi-centre trial. AB - One hundred and twenty-two patients with uncomplicated urinary tract infections were treated with either 400 mg bd norfloxacin or 160/800 mg bd cotrimoxazole for 7 days. Follow-up examinations showed norfloxacin to be equally effective as cotrimoxazole in the eradication of bacteriuria and symptoms. Norfloxacin caused fewer and less severe side effects. PMID- 6234285 TI - Clinical effectiveness of the pneumatic counter-pressure device in the emergency arena. PMID- 6234286 TI - Electrocardiogram of the month. Acute inferior infarction. PMID- 6234287 TI - "Making the screen work". PMID- 6234284 TI - The care of burns. Early history to present. PMID- 6234288 TI - Overview of the drinking water program in Arkansas. PMID- 6234289 TI - Current therapy of cerebrovascular disease. PMID- 6234290 TI - The apple peel small bowel deformity. PMID- 6234291 TI - Disseminated superficial actinic porokeratosis. PMID- 6234292 TI - Mea culpa. Are we physicians at fault? PMID- 6234293 TI - John J. McAlmont, M.D. 1821-1896. PMID- 6234295 TI - Family practice, a new perspective. PMID- 6234294 TI - Evaluating operative risk in the geriatric intraocular lens implant patient. PMID- 6234296 TI - Post-traumatic cyst of the tibia. A case report. PMID- 6234297 TI - Hearing loss in infancy: an Arkansas perspective. PMID- 6234298 TI - Near-drowning. PMID- 6234299 TI - Update in dermatology: atopic dermatitis. PMID- 6234300 TI - Requirement for a functional host cell autolytic enzyme system for lysis of Escherichia coli by bacteriophage phi X174. AB - Escherichia coli VC30 is a temperature-sensitive mutant which is defective in autolysis. Strain VC30 lyses at 30 degrees C when treated with beta-lactam antibiotics or D-cycloserine or when deprived of diaminiopimelic acid. The same treatments inhibit growth of the mutant at 42 degrees C but do not cause lysis. Strain VC30 was used here to investigate the mechanism of host cell lysis induced by bacteriophage phi X 174. Strain VC30 was transformed with plasmid pUH12, which carries the cloned lysis gene (gene E) of phage phi X174 under the control of the lac operator-promoter, and with plasmid pMC7, which encodes the lac repressor to keep the E gene silent. Infection of strain VC30(pUH12)(pMC7) with phage phi X174 culminated in lysis at 30 degrees C. At 42 degrees C, intracellular phage development was normal, but lysis did not occur unless a temperature downshift to 30 degrees C was imposed. Similarly, induction of the cloned phi X174 gene E with isopropyl-beta-D-thiogalactoside resulted in lysis at 30 degrees C but not at 42 degrees C. Temperature downshift of the induced culture to 30 degrees C resulted in lysis even in the presence of chloramphenicol. These results indicate that host cell lysis by phage phi X174 is dependent on a functional cellular autolytic enzyme system. PMID- 6234301 TI - Preparation of the epsilon subunit and epsilon subunit-deficient chloroplast coupling factor 1 in reconstitutively active forms. AB - A simple and rapid method is described for releasing the epsilon subunit from chloroplast coupling factor 1 by treatment with 20% ethanol on an anion exchange column. The resulting epsilon subunit-deficient enzyme is a permanently active Ca2+-ATPase, but an inactive coupling factor. Recombination with the epsilon subunit returns the enzyme to the latent Ca2+-ATPase state and restores its ability to synthesize ATP when reconstituted with thylakoid membranes. The epsilon subunit is not required for binding coupling factor 1 to the membrane, but its presence is necessary to prevent the leak of protons through the hydrophobic portion of the coupling factor complex. PMID- 6234302 TI - The permissive effects of glucocorticoid on hepatic gluconeogenesis. Glucagon stimulation of glucose-suppressed gluconeogenesis and inhibition of 6 phosphofructo-1-kinase in hepatocytes from fasted rats. AB - Production of [14C]glucose from [14C]lactate in the perfused livers of 24-h fasted adrenalectomized rats was not stimulated by 1 nM glucagon but was significantly increased by 10 nM hormone. Crossover analysis of glycolytic intermediates in these livers revealed a significant reduction in glucagon action at site(s) between fructose 6-phosphate and fructose 1,6-bisphosphate as a result of adrenalectomy. Site(s) between pyruvate and P-enolpyruvate was not affected. In isolated hepatocytes, adrenalectomy reduced glucagon response in gluconeogenesis while not affecting glucagon inactivation of pyruvate kinase. A distinct lack of glucagon action on 6-phosphofructo-1-kinase activity was noted in these cells. When hepatocytes were incubated with 30 mM glucose, lactate gluconeogenesis was greatly stimulated by glucagon. A reduction in both sensitivity and responsiveness to the hormone in gluconeogenesis was seen in the adrenalectomized rat. These changes were well correlated with similar impairment in glucagon action on 6-phosphofructo-1-kinase activity and fructose 2,6 bisphosphate content in hepatocytes from adrenalectomized rats incubated with 30 mM glucose. These results suggest that adrenalectomy impaired the gluconeogenic action of glucagon in livers of fasted rats at the level of regulation of 6 phosphofructo-1-kinase and/or fructose 2,6-bisphosphate content. PMID- 6234303 TI - Topology of phage lambda receptor protein. Mapping targets of proteolytic cleavage in relation to binding sites for phage or monoclonal antibodies. AB - Phage lambda receptor protein of Escherichia coli (LamB protein or maltoporin ) was purified in a mild detergent and subjected to prolonged proteolysis by either trypsin or subtilisin. Cleavage occurred at a limited number of sites without affecting the trimeric structure of the protein. Fragments could be dissociated only by heating in sodium dodecyl sulfate to 100 degrees C. The positions of purified fragments were determined with respect to the uncleaved 421-residue polypeptide by chemical analyses. The regions containing target sites were mapped around residues 159, 203, 245, and 370. Based on kinetics of appearance of the different peptides, early cleavage events occurred at sites near residues 159, 203, and 245 and could be distinguished from late events around residue 370. Information regarding the topological orientation of the cleavage sites could be obtained from the effect of in vitro proteolysis on the ability of the protein to bind phage lambda or monoclonal antibodies. Loss of phage lambda neutralizing activity coincided with early cleavage events, whereas loss of antigenic determinants, known to be exposed at the cell surface, appeared late. Cleavage regions are thus likely to be exposed at the cell surface, a conclusion compatible with the location of mutations affecting the interaction of LamB protein with phage in vivo. PMID- 6234304 TI - Suppression of lymphocyte proliferation by copper-albumin chelates. AB - The copper-albumin chelate (Cu2+-Alb), at concentrations less than 100 micrograms/ml, has potent noncytolytic antiproliferative activity for murine splenocytes stimulated by phytohemagglutinin-M, lipopolysaccharide (Escherichia coli 055:B5), or allogeneic cells and for phytohemagglutinin-M-stimulated human leukocytes. Inhibitory effects on the incorporation of [3H]leucine into trichloroacetic acid-precipitable protein is observed only at concentrations of Cu2+-Alb above 1 mg/ml. Only albumins with a histidine residue at position number 3 (rabbit, human, bovine) which bind one copper molecule at a high affinity site are capable of eliciting Cu2+-dependent suppression. Canine albumin, which has a tyrosine residue at position 3 and does not bind Cu2+, is nonsuppressive . Copper albumin is suppressive in both the G1 and S phases of the cell cycle, thus clearly differentiating its suppressive activity from that of normal human plasma. It is not clear, however, if the Cu2+-Alb chelate is the active suppressive species or whether albumin is more efficient than other Cu2+ chelates in donating Cu2+ to another suppressive molecule. The biological significance of Cu2+-Alb-induced suppression is unknown. Although several possibilities are discussed, the potential to generate "artifactual" suppression by the formation of Cu2+-Alb chelates as a result of protein isolation procedures using Cu2+ contaminated reagents is considered to be an important potential problem. PMID- 6234305 TI - On the structure of bovine articular cartilage high density proteoglycans. Isolation of the keratan sulfate and chondroitin sulfate side chains. AB - The structure of adult bovine articular cartilage high density proteoglycans (PG I) was studied by degradation with Pronase, chondroitinase ABC, and alkaline borohydride treatments and fractionation and analysis of the products. The keratan sulfate (KS) peptides were rich in glutamic acid, proline, and serine and had a low glycine content. The chondroitin sulfate (CS) peptides had a high content of serine, glycine, and glutamic acid and a much lower proline content than the KS peptides. The data indicate that the KS and CS chains occur in more distinct regions of the protein core(s) than in bovine nasal cartilage PG. After alkaline borohydride treatment there was an almost quantitative conversion of xylose to xylitol and galactosaminitol was the only hexosaminitol detected in KS fractions. The results obtained indicated that the alkali-labile bonds linking the CS and KS chains are the same as those reported to occur in other cartilage PGs. The Mr of the KS chains calculated from the glucosamine and galactosaminitol contents gave values of 6,000-7,000, although gel chromatography and light scattering measurements indicated considerable heterogeneity. The KS and CS chains were quantitatively precipitated by cetylpyridinium chloride and the KS and a portion (15%) of the CS chains were found to be soluble in 1% cetylpyridinium chloride. The abnormal solubility properties of the CS chains in the presence of 1% cetylpyridinium chloride is thought to be due to their low sulfate content. The molecular weight of the remainder of the CS chains, based on the ratio of xylitol to galactosamine, varied from 6,500 to 16,000. The low Mr CS chains were rich in 6-sulfated disaccharides whereas the higher Mr chains had a higher content of 4-sulfated disaccharides. The ratio of galactose to xylitol also varied with Mr. These results indicate similarities in the structure of the adult bovine articular cartilage PG-Is to other cartilage high density PGs. The heterogeneities observed in the composition of the KS and CS chains, and their occurrence in relatively distinct regions of the protein core(s) indicate, however, that there is still much to be learned about the structure of these complex macromolecules. PMID- 6234306 TI - Electrogenic H+ translocation by the plasma membrane ATPase of Neurospora. Studies on plasma membrane vesicles and reconstituted enzyme. AB - Fluorescent probes have been used to measure electrogenic proton pumping by the plasma membrane ATPase of Neurospora. In isolated plasma membrane vesicles, greater than 85% of which are inverted, ATP hydrolysis is accompanied by the formation of an inside acid pH gradient (delta pH) which can be detected by acridine orange fluorescence quenching and an inside positive membrane potential (delta psi) which can be detected by oxonol V fluorescence quenching. Maximal values of delta pH were generated in the presence of a permeant anion (SCN-, NO 3, or Cl-) and maximal delta psi, in the absence of such anions. Cation effects were much less pronounced and can probably be accounted for by non-specific salt effects on the rate of ATP hydrolysis. In addition, a rapid method is described for the reconstitution of the [H+]-ATPase, starting from isolated plasma membranes. When the membranes are solubilized with deoxycholate in the presence of asolectin and detergent is removed by passage through a Bio-Gel P-10 column, vesicles are reformed in which the Mr = 104,000 polypeptide of the ATPase constitutes 35% of the protein. Freeze-fracture electron microscopy of the vesicles has revealed intramembrane particles with a diameter of 116 A, equally distributed between the two fracture faces. Measurements with acridine orange and oxonol V indicate that the reconstituted ATPase retains its transport activity, generating both delta pH and delta psi during the hydrolysis of MgATP. PMID- 6234307 TI - Correlations between transcription of a yeast tRNA gene and transcription factor DNA interactions. AB - A partly purified fraction from Saccharomyces cerevisiae has a RNA polymerase III transcription factor activity and contains protein which binds specifically to two internal promoter regions of RNA polymerase III-transcribed genes. The influence of ionic strength and of dimethyl sulfoxide on specific binding to a S. cerevisiae tRNAleu3 gene has been analyzed by DNase I protection (footprinting) and by nitrocellulose filter binding. The effects of these agents on binding correlate with their effects on transcription and on the stability of transcription complexes. Dimethyl sulfoxide stabilizes binding and transcription complexes against dissociation by NaCl, with 10% dimethyl sulfoxide compensating for the addition of 50-60 mM NaCl. Binding of protein in the 5' proximal part of the S. cerevisiae tRNAleu3 gene is more NaCl-sensitive than binding in the 3' proximal part. PMID- 6234308 TI - Phosphorylation of phospholamban by calcium-activated, phospholipid-dependent protein kinase. Stimulation of cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium uptake. AB - Ca2+-activated, phospholipid-dependent protein kinase (protein kinase C) is able to catalyze the phosphorylation of phospholamban in a canine cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum preparation. This phosphorylation is associated with a 2-fold stimulation of Ca2+ uptake by cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum similar to that seen following phosphorylation of phospholamban by an endogenous calmodulin-dependent protein kinase or by the catalytic subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase. Two dimensional peptide maps of the tryptic fragments of phospholamban indicate that the three protein kinases differ in their selectivity for sites of phosphorylation. However, one common peptide appears to be phosphorylated by all three protein kinases. These findings suggest that protein kinase C may play a role similar to those played by cAMP- and calmodulin-dependent protein kinases in the regulation of Ca2+ uptake by cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum, and raise the possibility that the effects of all three protein kinases are mediated through phosphorylation of a common peptide in phospholamban. PMID- 6234309 TI - Two alternate kinetic routes for the decomposition of the phosphorylated intermediate of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase. AB - The decomposition of the phosphorylated intermediate (EP) of sarcoplasmic reticulum ATPase, purified by the method of deoxycholic acid extraction, was studied by first phosphorylating with [gamma-32P]ATP, then diluting the reaction mixture with 20 volumes of medium containing nonradioactive ATP, and finally quenching serial samples with acid for determination of residual [32P]EP. The time course of [32P]EP decomposition consists of an initial fast phase followed by a slow phase. The two components of EP, EPfast (1.1 nmol/mg) and EPslow (2.8 nmol/mg), decomposed with the rate constants of 6 and 0.8 min-1, respectively, in the presence of 0.5 mM CaCl2, 5mM MgCl2, and 90 mM KCl at pH 7.0 and O degrees C. The sum of the hydrolytic activities corresponding to the two components accounts for the steady state velocity of the Pi production under the same conditions, indicating that the two components represent simultaneous pathways, rather than sequential steps of EP decomposition. As the time of phosphorylation with [gamma 32P]ATP is increased from 2 to 15 s, the fraction of EPfast decreases in favor of EPslow. This conversion decreases the rate of total Pi production by the enzyme following an initial Pi burst. Conversion of EPfast to EPslow is favored by millimolar concentrations of Ca2+. On the other hand, conversion of EPslow to EPfast is obtained by reducing Ca2+ or raising Mg2+ concentration, but is prevented by removal of ADP. The EPslow fraction decreases in favor of EPfast as the temperature is increased from 0 to 22 degrees C. PMID- 6234310 TI - Identification of the essential tyrosine residue in the beta subunit of bovine heart mitochondrial F1-ATPase that is modified by 7-chloro-4 nitro[14C]benzofurazan. AB - Inactivation of the bovine heart mitochondrial F1-ATPase, taken as alpha 3 beta 3 gamma delta epsilon with a molecular weight of 375,000, with a 4-fold molar excess of 7-chloro-4-nitro[14C]benzofurazan at pH 7.5, led to the incorporation of 1.42 g atoms of 14C/mol. Treatment of the inactivated enzyme with dithiothreitol removed 0.99 g atom of 14C/mol of enzyme which was accompanied by reactivation of the ATPase. Therefore, of the 1.42 mol of 7-chloro-4-nitro [14C]benzofurazan incorporated per mol of bovine heart mitochondrial F1-ATPase, 0.43 mol was present on lysine residues and 0.99 mol was present on tyrosine residues. When the inactivated enzyme was treated with 10 mM sodium dithionite at pH 6.0, 10% of the activity was recovered which was accompanied by a 10% loss in covalently bound 14C. Following dithionite treatment, that part of the 14C which remained covalently bound could not be removed by subsequent treatment of the labeled enzyme with dithiothreitol. It is presumed that dithionite reduces the 4 nitro group of the covalently bound reagent, converting it to 4 amino[14C]benzofurazan derivatives at lysine and tyrosine residues. The moles of 4-amino[14C]benzofurazan incorporated per mol of the isolated subunits were: alpha, 0.18; beta, 0.30; gamma, 0.03; and delta plus epsilon, less than 0.01. Gel filtration of a cyanogen bromide digest of the labeled beta subunit on Sephadex G 75 resolved a major 14C peak which contained 83% of the 14C recovered. The major, radioactive tryptic fragment derived from this peak was purified by gel filtration on Sephadex G-75 followed by reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography. Automatic Edman degradation of this peptide showed that the 14C was released at the position occupied by beta-Tyr-311. PMID- 6234311 TI - Internal motion of DNA in bacteriophages. AB - We have investigated internal motion of DNA in bacteriophages by measuring fluorescence anisotropy decays of intercalated ethidium. The results showed large suppression of the internal motion of the inner DNA; the interhelix interaction of the DNA in the phage head is considered to enhance the effective viscosity of the DNA rod and to restrict the angle of the internal motion. Considering that the observed internal motion arises mainly from torsional motion of the DNA, we have calculated the movable angles of the torsional motion (the standard deviation of the torsional motion) of the DNA in the phage heads. The magnitude of the calculated movable angles indicates the extent of suppression of the DNA movement in the phage head; in lambda wild type phage, the DNA is packed most rigidly in the head and the motion is found to be restricted most severely. In a deletion mutant of lambda phage, whose inner DNA content is deficient by 17.6%, steric hindrance from the interhelix DNA interaction is decreased, and the DNA can move more easily. In T4 wild type phage, although the extent of condensation of the inner DNA is the same as that in lambda wild type phage, the DNA was fairly mobile. The presence of glucosylated hydroxymethylcytosine is suggested to influence the rigidity of the inner DNA or packaging mode of the DNA in the T4 head. PMID- 6234312 TI - Hybrid type glycolipids (lacto-ganglio series) with a novel branched structure. Their presence in undifferentiated murine leukemia cells and their dependence on differentiation. AB - The structures of these glycolipids are hybrids of the lacto and ganglio series, which are characterized by the presence of GlcNAc beta 1----3 and GalNAc beta 1-- -4 linked to the Gal residue of Gal beta 1----4Glc beta 1----1Cer. This new hybrid series can be designated as "lacto-ganglio series." These glycolipids are present in undifferentiated murine leukemia cells. Their concentration declines with differentiation and they are virtually absent in differentiated M1+ cells, suggesting that lacto-ganglio structures could be markers of undifferentiated, malignant myeloid cells. PMID- 6234313 TI - Different conformational states of the purified Ca2+-ATPase of the erythrocyte plasma membrane revealed by controlled trypsin proteolysis. AB - The purified Ca2+-pumping ATPase of the erythrocyte membrane has been exposed to trypsin at 37 degrees C, in the presence of different effectors of its activity. The control proteolytic pattern is characterized by a number of transient and of limit polypeptides (Zurini, M., Krebs, J., Penniston, J. T., and Carafoli, E. (1984) J. Biol. Chem. 259, 618-627). The effectors influence the pattern in the Mr region 90,000-76,000, which contains the calmodulin binding domain and the active site of the enzyme. In this region, polypeptides of 90, 85, 81, and 76 kDa are clearly visible in the controls. 1) Calmodulin plus Ca2+ induces the faster disappearance of the 90-kDa product and the relative accumulation of the 85-kDa with respect to the 81-kDa polypeptide. 2) Vanadate plus Mg2+ also accelerates the disappearance of the 90-kDa product. However, they induce the relative accumulation of the 81-kDa polypeptide. 3) Linoleic acid, which stimulates the activity of the enzyme to the same levels obtained with calmodulin, greatly accelerates the rate of trypsin proteolysis, causing the virtual disappearance of all polypeptides in the 90-76-kDa region. 4) The 81-kDa polypeptide has maximal ATPase activity and is insensitive to calmodulin; the 85-kDa polypeptide has lower ATPase activity and binds calmodulin, but is not stimulated (or is stimulated only negligibly) by the activator. PMID- 6234314 TI - The photoaffinity probe 8-azidoadenosine 5'-triphosphate selectively labels the heavy chain of Chlamydomonas 12 S dynein. AB - Chlamydomonas 12 S dynein, which makes up part of the outer arm of the flagellar axoneme, consists of three polypeptides of 330,000, 22,000, and 18,000 daltons. We have used 8-azidoadenosine 5'-triphosphate (8-N3ATP), a photoaffinity analog of ATP, to investigate which of the dynein polypeptides contains the site of ATP hydrolysis. 8-N3ATP is a competitive inhibitor of the hydrolysis of ATP by 12 S dynein and is hydrolyzed by 12 S dynein in an ATP- and vanadate-sensitive fashion, indicating that it binds to the 12 S dynein hydrolytic site in the same way as ATP. When dynein was incubated with [gamma-32P]- or [alpha-32P]8-N3ATP in the presence of UV light to activate the azido moiety, the analog was incorporated into 12 S dynein's heavy polypeptide chain, but not its light chains. The incorporation was UV-dependent, was blocked by addition of ATP or vanadate plus ADP to the reaction mixture, and did not occur in heat-denatured dynein. These results strongly suggest that the hydrolytic site of 12 S dynein is contained in its heavy chain. PMID- 6234315 TI - Complex formation of platelet membrane glycoproteins IIb and IIIa with the fibrinogen D domain. AB - Glycoprotein IIb (GPIIb) and glycoprotein IIIa (GPIIIa) form a macromolecular complex on the activated platelet surface which contains the fibrinogen-binding site necessary for normal platelet aggregation. To identify the specific region of the fibrinogen molecule responsible for its interaction with the GPIIb-GPIIIa complex, purified fragment D1 (Mr = 100,000) and fragment E (Mr = 50,000) were prepared from plasmin digests of purified human fibrinogen. In addition, the polypeptide chain subunits A alpha, B beta, and gamma of fibrinogen were prepared. Using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay we have demonstrated that isolated fragment D1 in a solid phase system forms a complex with a mixture of GPIIb and GPIIIa. The binding of the GPIIb-GPIIIa mixture to fragment D1-coated plates reached saturation at 8 nM and to fibrinogen-coated plates at 24 nM. Isolated A alpha, B beta, and gamma chains were not reactive with added glycoproteins. Fragment E coated directly on plastic plates or immobilized on antibody-coated plastic plates did not form a complex with GPIIb-GPIIIa. Only fluid phase fibrinogen and fragment D1 but not fragment E were inhibitory toward formation of a complex between solid phase fibrinogen and GPIIb-GPIIIa. Isolated A alpha, B beta, and gamma chains at concentrations equivalent to fluid phase fibrinogen were inactive. Binding of fragment D1 but not fragment E to the GPIIb GPIIIa complex was also demonstrated by rocket immunoelectrophoresis of the membrane glycoprotein mixture through a gel containing the individual fragments and subsequent autoradiography of the complex following exposure to 125I-anti fibrinogen. These observations with isolated platelet membrane glycoproteins provide strong evidence that each of the D domains of the fibrinogen molecule interacts directly with the GPIIb-GPIIIa complex on the activated platelet surface, thus allowing formation of a tertiary molecular "bridge" across the surface of two adjacent activated platelets. PMID- 6234316 TI - Energy-linked nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase. Properties of proton translocating mitochondrial transhydrogenase from beef heart purified by fast protein liquid chromatography. AB - Mitochondrial nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase from beef heart was purified by a novel procedure involving fast protein liquid chromatography and characterized with respect to molecular and catalytic properties. The method is reproducible, gives highly pure transhydrogenase as judged by silver staining, and can be modified to produce large amounts of pure transhydrogenase protein suitable for e.g. sequencing and other protein chemical studies. Transhydrogenase purified by fast protein liquid chromatography is reconstitutively active and pumps protons as indicated by an extensive quenching of 9-aminoacridine fluorescence. Under conditions which generate a proton gradient in the absence of a membrane potential the activity of reconstituted transhydrogenase is close to zero indicating a complete and proper incorporation in the membrane and a preferential regulation of the enzyme by a proton gradient rather than a membrane potential. Treatment of reconstituted transhydrogenase with N,N dicyclohexylcarbodiimide results in an inhibition of proton pump activity without an effect on uncoupled catalytic activity, suggesting that proton translocation and catalytic activities are not obligatory linked or that this agent separates proton pumping from the catalytic activity. PMID- 6234317 TI - Applications and failure modes of percutaneous devices: a review. AB - Percutaneous devices (PD) are designed to serve a variety of clinical and biomedical research purposes. Characteristically they are objects that permanently penetrate through a defect in the skin. The histological aspects of the implant skin interfacial reactions are reviewed in this article. A short description is presented of common applications of PDs. The five presently identified interfacial failure modes are described histologically with the aid of schematic drawings. These failure modes are marsupialization, permigration , avulsion, infection, alone or in combination. Single or multiple etiological factors may be responsible for these failure modes. These factors can be surgically created skin defects around the penetrating foreign implant, epidermal healing characteristics that prevent the formation of a suitable seal at the implant-skin interface and mechanical forces that may disrupt dermal attempts to seal the interface. Eventually the interface becomes infected necessitating removal of the device. Terminology recommended for use in percutaneous device research is indexed and defined. PMID- 6234318 TI - Some aspects of macrophage behavior at the implant interface. AB - The macrophage plays a pivotal role in both wound healing and cellular response to implants, including percutaneous devices. Within twenty-four hours macrophages were found in close contact with the implant surface. Eventually fibroplasts and connective tissue proliferate, and finally the implant will be encapsulated. The presence of macrophages is essential for the activation of collagen synthesis by fibroplasts . Implant shape and surface can profoundly affect macrophage behavior. At rough implant surfaces macrophages with giant cells are present for many months with the possibility of chronic granulomatous reactions. Superior tissue compatibility should be associated with smooth, well contoured implants with no acute angles. PMID- 6234319 TI - Hip arthrodesis in young patients. A long-term follow-up study. AB - We evaluated the results in fifty-three patients who had had a successful hip arthrodesis at least twenty years (average, thirty-eight years) prior to the study and who had been less than thirty-five years old at the time of operation. We determined the functional history of each patient and the current status of the opposite hip, the knees, and the back. Radiographs were made and each joint was rated according to standard clinical scales. Seventy-eight per cent of the patients were satisfied with the arthrodesis, and all were able to work. Fifty seven per cent had some low-back pain and 45 per cent, some knee discomfort. Only seven patients (13 per cent) had had a total hip arthroplasty on the arthrodesed hip. PMID- 6234320 TI - Coarctation of the aorta of unusual morphology. AB - Three unusual types of coarctation of the aorta are presented together with long term follow up covering a period of 8-12 years, after successful operative reconstruction. In one case there were two constrictive lesions, one proximal to the left subclavian artery and the other at the typical location, while in another the coarctation was located between two common carotids, with associated congenital hypoplasia of the left subclavian artery, resulting in a steal syndrome. In the last case, there was evidence of a supradiaphragmatic coarctation. In all cases surgical reconstruction was accomplished by means of a Dacron graft. Even unusually located coarctations are highly likely where physical examination reveals, either in one or both limbs hypertension with concomitant weakness of femoral pulsations. However aortography is mandatory for adequate delineation of the disease and precise surgical orientation. All three patients live a normal life today. PMID- 6234321 TI - Establishing an in vitro fertilization program. PMID- 6234323 TI - Role of normal adherent cells in the regulation of the autologous mixed lymphocyte reactions in humans. AB - The effect of normal adherent suppressor cells on the blastogenesis of human T lymphocytes in the mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) was studied in both allogeneic and autologous combinations. Non-T cells and Ia+ T lymphocytes were used as stimulator cells in both allogeneic and autologous MLR. The addition of adherent cells to the stimulators inhibited blastogenesis of T lymphocytes in both types of MLR when the stimulator population was made up of non-T lymphocytes but did not interfere with blastogenesis when Ia+ T lymphocytes were used as stimulator cells. The present data indicate that the T lymphocytes able to respond to Ia+ T cells (in the MLR, autologous or allogeneic) may be different from those which respond to non-T lymphocytes or may be less sensitive to the regulatory function of normal adherent cells. PMID- 6234322 TI - Classification of patients with T-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia and expansions of granular lymphocytes: heterogeneity of Italian cases by a multiparameter analysis. AB - The peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from 750 Italian patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) were evaluated in order to detect cases with T cell expansions. The PBMC of 18 patients (2.4%) were found to be capable of rosetting with sheep red blood cells. Further characterization of these cells with a panel of monoclonal antibodies and other immunological and cytochemical tests led us to tentatively subdivide these 18 patients into three groups. The first one included 6 patients whose cells expressed a T-helper phenotype: they exhibited frequent skin involvement and an aggressive clinical course, and some of the patients in this group demonstrated chromosome abnormalities. On the other hand, group 2 (10 cases with expansions of granular lymphocytes and/or T suppressor-bearing phenotype cells) usually presented with a mild clinical course. These cases did not generally require therapy and a diagnosis of leukemia could not be unequivocally confirmed. Cells from the two remaining patients displayed both B-cell markers and E-rosetting ability, thus belonging to the rare group of false T-cell CLL. In fact, the clinical course and management of the latter cases were similar to those of classical B-CLL disease. In the first and second groups, mechanisms reported to be involved in mature T-cell proliferations (response to interleukin-2, production of interleukin-2 or interferon) were investigated, but the cells under study displayed neither growth ability nor lymphokine production in the above assays. In addition, these cells were negative with the anti-Tac monoclonal antibody that appears to recognize the receptor for interleukin-2. More importantly, none of these patients had serum antibodies to the recently described human T-cell leukemia/lymphoma virus (HTLV), possibly responsible for Japanese and West Indian adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) and for sporadic cases of ATL observed in other countries. Taken together, our results outline some differences between European and ATL patients. Furthermore, the data presented point out the heterogeneity of the disease and emphasize that an immunological classification and, in particular, the detection of a helper phenotype have relevant prognostic and therapeutical importance. PMID- 6234325 TI - [Identification of Fe2+ dependent ATPase in whole particulate suspension of the rat intestinal mucosa]. PMID- 6234324 TI - Selective IgA deficiency: analysis of Ig production in vitro. AB - The cellular basis of the pathogenesis of selective IgA deficiency (SIgAD) was investigated by examining surface immunoglobulin (SmIg) and in vitro pokeweed mitogen (PWM)-stimulated immunoglobulin (Ig) synthesis and by assaying in combination the counterpart lymphocytes from individuals with SIgAD and healthy donors. Peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) from 14 individuals with SIgAD synthesized normal amounts of IgG and IgM but did not synthesize normal amounts of IgA. Functional defects of lymphocytes for IgA synthesis were classified into four types: (i) B-lymphocyte dysfunction, (ii) increased function of suppressor T lymphocytes (Ts), (iii) decreased function of helper T lymphocytes (Th), and (iv) B-lymphocyte dysfunction and increased Ts function. The cells bearing SmIgG, SmIgM, and SmIgD were demonstrated at normal percentage ratios in all cases by immunofluorescent staining. The cells bearing SmIgA were at normal percentage ratios in the cases of T-lymphocyte dysfunction, while in the cases of B lymphocyte defect SmIgA-bearing cells were reduced. PMID- 6234326 TI - Hypersensitivity to antigen derived from brain tissue in patients with Huntington's disease and in individuals at risk. AB - The hypothesis that an immune response is directed to components of brain tissue in Huntington's disease (HD) was examined. 27 patients with HD, 21 children of affected parents who showed no signs of disease, 6 spouses of HD patients, and 40 patients with other neurologic diseases were investigated. Leukocyte migration inhibition to antigens prepared from brain tissue was demonstrated in 26 HD patients and in 9 children. None of the six spouses reacted. 13 patients with other neurologic conditions (including 60% of patients after cerebrovascular accidents) reacted to rat brain extract. Fractionation of brain tissue indicated that the material responsible for reactions in these patients differed from that in HD. The material that elicited hypersensitivity in HD was not species specific, since it was found in rat, calf, human, and rabbit brain. It was not present in rat kidney, liver, or heart. Preliminary characterization showed that the material was protein in nature, contained sugar and lipid, and was heat labile. The finding of hypersensitivity in about half the unaffected children of HD parents suggests that it may precede the clinical onset of disease and serve as a marker for the gene. PMID- 6234328 TI - Comedogenicity of cosmetics. PMID- 6234327 TI - DNA-anti-DNA immune complexes. Antibody protection of a discrete DNA fragment from DNase digestion in vitro. AB - We examined the ability of DNase I to digest DNA that was contained with DNA-anti DNA immune complexes. IgG isolated from the sera of 20 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and containing antibodies to DNA was incubated with double-stranded DNA to form immune complexes. Excess DNase was added, and digestion of DNA was monitored by the conversion of DNA to TCA soluble products. IgG from 8 of the 20 SLE patients protected DNA from degradation by DNase in direct proportion to the amount of DNA bound to IgG as measured in the Farr binding assay. Using IgG from these sera, we showed that the DNA protected from degradation remained bound to IgG during digestion and was 35-45 base pairs in size. The size of this fragment is the same as that which has been proposed to be the minimal size necessary for monogamous bivalent binding of IgG to DNA. We therefore compared the ability of F(ab')2 and Fab' to protect DNA from DNase digestion and demonstrated that the bivalent F(ab')2 fragments were protective, but that the univalent Fab' fragments were not. These results suggest that some antibodies to DNA that bind to DNA via monogamous bivalent binding can protect a 35-45-base pair DNA fragment from DNase digestion. The implications of this finding are discussed with regard to the in vivo behavior and potential pathogenicity of small DNA-anti-DNA immune complexes. PMID- 6234329 TI - Immunopathology of polymorphous light eruption. T lymphocytes in blood and skin. AB - Polymorphous light eruption (PLE; actinic prurigo) is a relatively common dermatologic disease. People suffering from it have a pruritic skin eruption on exposed areas. PLE may be an immunologically mediated disease. Sixteen patients with PLE were studied. T lymphocytes and the helper and suppressor-cytotoxic subsets were assessed in peripheral blood by an indirect immunofluorescent method with the use of monoclonal antibodies. Total T lymphocytes were significantly increased as compared to controls. By an indirect immunoperoxidase technic with the use of monoclonal antibodies, characterization of the dermal cell infiltrate was done. Predominance of T total, T helper, and cells marked with Ia antigen were found. These findings suggest that an abnormal immune response is responsible for the tissue damage in PLE. PMID- 6234330 TI - Observations on drug-induced toxic epidermal necrolysis in Singapore. AB - Fifteen patients with toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) were studied. In all of them the TEN was related to drug ingestion and believed to be drug-induced. The drugs implicated include pyrazolone derivatives, allopurinol, barbiturates, tetracycline, phenytoin, and penicillamine. Possible etiologic co-factors are infections, cancer, and the systemic lupus erythematosus diathesis. The extent of skin loss varied from 25% to almost 100% involvement of the total body surface. Seven of the fifteen patients had more than 75% epidermal loss. Three deaths were recorded (20%). From observations on these fifteen patients it was found that a single drug can cause two "reaction" patterns, namely, Stevens-Johnson syndrome (or erythema multiforme) and TEN, at the same time or at different times in one and the same patient. It is stressed that from the prognostic and therapeutic viewpoints patients with TEN may be equated to patients with extensive partial thickness burns and should be treated in a burn unit. PMID- 6234332 TI - Dermatitis following ingestion of diuretics and boric acid. PMID- 6234331 TI - Pre-Sezary syndrome. AB - Eighteen patients with erythroderma, recurrent cycles of circulating Sezary cells of less than 1,000 cells/mm3, and a chronic course were followed for a mean time of nearly 5 years and were diagnosed as having pre-Sezary syndrome. Only one patient died, and none developed lymphoproliferative disease. All ten patients who underwent patch testing showed positive results. The elevation of IgE was striking when this group was compared with a group with Sezary syndrome. Most patients achieved partial or complete remission on low-dose chlorambucil and prednisone therapy. Some patients had lymphocytic or lymphomatoid bands on skin biopsy specimens and were like previously reported patients with pre-Sezary syndrome whose condition progressed to Sezary syndrome. A nontoxic chemotherapy or an anti-T cell treatment program can control this chronic erythroderma state. PMID- 6234334 TI - Permanent wave contact dermatitis: contact allergy to glyceryl monothioglycolate. AB - Eight hairdressers and four clients were found to be allergic to glyceryl monothioglycolate (GMTG) contained in "acid" permanent waves used in American beauty salons only since 1973. Previous studies in Germany showed that compounds closely related to GMTG were strong sensitizers. In contrast, ammonium thioglycolate (ATG) has been used since 1943 in cold "alkaline" permanent waves both in homes and in salons with no clearly documented cases of contact allergy. Our allergic patients reacted to GMTG in concentrations as low as 0.25%, although their exposure in practice could reach concentrations of 20% to 80%. GMTG allergic patients reacted to GMTG when it was tested through a variety of glove fabrics. Household-weight neoprene gloves were protective. PMID- 6234333 TI - Drug eruptions presenting at sites of prior radiation damage (sunlight and electron beam). AB - Two patients are described in whom sunburn and electron beam radiodermatitis, respectively, were critical determinants in localizing the initial presentation of drug eruptions. In the first instance, a severe sunburn of the back and thighs was followed 7 months later by the appearance of a toxic epidermal necrolysis drug reaction to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in the exact sites of the previous bullous sunburn reaction. In the second patient, a radiodermatitis of the left upper arm due to electron beam therapy for metastatic breast cancer was followed 7 weeks later by a codeine drug reaction confined to the area of the radiodermatitis. In both instances, oral rechallenge with the offending drug reproduced the eruption. PMID- 6234335 TI - Acne treatment with topical erythromycin and zinc: effect of Propionibacterium acnes and free fatty acid composition. AB - A double-blind investigation has been conducted to examine the effect of topical 4% erythromycin/1.2% zinc acetate solution and its vehicle on quantitative bacterial counts (skin surface washings) of propionibacterium acnes and the free fatty acids of the skin surface. The logarithmic counts for P. acnes in the erythromycin/zinc group showed a significant reduction (98%) following 10 weeks of therapy. This compared with a 43% change shown for the vehicle-control group. A significant reduction (69%) in the percentage of free fatty acids in the surface lipids was seen at week 4 in the erythromycin/zinc group as compared to the control group. Triglyceride levels were significantly increased at all time points for the erythromycin/zinc group as compared to the control group. There was also a significant decrease (69%) in inflammatory lesions shown for the erythromycin/zinc treatment group at week 8 as compared to a 9% reduction in the control group. PMID- 6234336 TI - Posterior fossa ependymal cyst and atlantoaxial subluxation in a patient with Down syndrome: CT findings. AB - A 61-year-old woman with Down syndrome presented with progressive deterioration of gait over 9 months. Cranial CT without and with intravenous administration of contrast material demonstrated a posterior fossa cyst. The cyst did not communicate with the fourth ventricle or subarachnoid spaces as proven by CT following a metrizamide ventriculogram. Surgical fenestration of the cyst into the fourth ventricle was done. In addition, a moderate atlantoaxial subluxation with 2 mm movement from extension to flexion was present, which was thought not to be clinically significant, but which might require a spinal fusion at a future time. Ependymal cells were found as a result of a biopsy of the cyst wall. PMID- 6234337 TI - Transepithelial elimination of Monsel's solution-induced granuloma. PMID- 6234338 TI - Judicious distribution of pedodontists to non-urban areas. AB - Current information on the number of pedodontists, supplemented with data on population trends, the use of dental services, evolving dental disease patterns and the expenditures for dental services , would seem to bear out the Task Force and Advanced Dental Education recommendation (particularly in the field of pedodontics) that, "the total number of first-year clinical dental specialty positions be decreased. PMID- 6234339 TI - Goldenhar's syndrome--interdisciplinary approach to management. PMID- 6234340 TI - Wear behavior of a composite restorative and various styli in sliding contact. AB - Using a pin-on-disc sliding-wear test apparatus, the wear behavior of a typical composite restorative vs. styli fashioned from human enamel, sintered alumina, and magnesium fluoride was examined. The rates of restorative wear were found to be identical, within the experimental error of the measurements, for tests using either human enamel pins or styli fabricated from sintered alumina. Moreover, these two pin materials generated morphologically similar wear-tracks in the restorative disc. Thus, styli of sintered alumina produce restorative wear that is both qualitatively and quantitatively analogous to that observed in tests using human enamel pins. PMID- 6234341 TI - An SEM study of posts cemented with an unfilled resin. AB - Post preparations in two groups of endodontically treated anterior teeth were completed. In Group I, the preparation was rinsed with 2 ml of 5.25% NaOCL. In Group II, the preparation was rinsed with 1 ml of 17% EDTA, followed by 1 ml of 5.25% NaOCl. A plastic post was fitted and cemented with an unfilled resin. After polymerization, the teeth were decalcified in 5% nitric acid. The decalcified structured was dissolved away with 5.25% NaOCl, leaving a model of the cemented post. This was examined by SEM to determine the extent of resin penetration into the dentinal tubules. In Group I, most of the post was smooth, and there was penetration only in small, random areas. In Group II, there was penetration into the tubules the full length and circumference of the post. Such penetration provides a very strong mechanical lock that enhances the tensile strength of the cemented post. Removing the smeared layer and then cementing a post with a Bis GMA resin results in greatly increased tensile strength, even with shorter posts. PMID- 6234342 TI - Safe treatment of the emphysema patient. PMID- 6234343 TI - Early dilation of the infarcted segment in acute transmural myocardial infarction: role of infarct expansion in acute left ventricular enlargement. AB - Left ventricular enlargement after myocardial infarction is a poor prognostic sign, the mechanism of which has not been well defined. Early left ventricular dilation may be due to the Frank-Starling effect, which results in an increase in the length of uninfarcted segments in response to a reduction in contractile muscle mass. In contrast to this adaptive physiologic mechanism, left ventricular dilation may alternatively be caused by a pathologic process that stretches and thins the infarcted myocardial segment (that is, infarct expansion). To determine the relative contributions of these two mechanisms to left ventricular dilation after an initial transmural anterior myocardial infarction, two-dimensional echocardiograms were obtained from 27 patients within 72 hours of the onset of symptoms of myocardial infarction and from 13 healthy control subjects. In the minor-axis echocardiographic view at the level of the papillary muscles, anterior and posterior endocardial segment lengths at end-diastole were measured with a microprocessor-based graphic system. The papillary muscles were used as internal landmarks to demarcate the anterior and posterior segments. Anterior (infarcted) segment length in patients with myocardial infarction was 11.6 +/- 2.2 cm (mean +/- SD), whereas in control subjects, anterior segment length was 8.6 +/- 1.2 cm (p less than 0.001). Posterior (uninfarcted) segment length in the patients was not significantly different from posterior segment length in the control subjects (5.4 +/- 1.2 versus 5.3 +/- 1.0 cm, respectively). Measurable left ventricular dilation during the first 3 days after transmural anterior myocardial infarction is due to dilation of the infarcted segment and not of the normal uninfarcted segment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6234344 TI - Recreation as therapy for the disabled. PMID- 6234345 TI - Baby Jane Doe: questions and quagmires. PMID- 6234346 TI - PPNG conjunctivitis. AB - The treatment regimen for penicillin sensitive gonococcal conjunctivitis in an adult normally includes parenteral penicillin, frequent ocular irrigation, and topical ophthalmic gentamicin or tetracycline ointment. However, if a conjunctivitis is caused by a beta-lactamase producing microbe such as PPNG, then different antibiotics are required: e.g., spectinomycin or cefoxitin parenterally and topical chloramphenicol. Also, whereas urethritis is frequently treated with singular injections of penicillin or spectinomycin HCI (Trobicin), cases of PPNG ocular infections require a much longer course of treatment often involving seven days of intramuscular or intravenous antibiotics. PMID- 6234347 TI - Purification of a high molecular weight membrane protein by fast protein liquid chromatography: the ATPase complex of a thermophilic cyanobacterium. AB - Fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC) with a strong anion-exchange (Mono Q) column is applied to the purification of a high molecular weight membrane protein. The ATPase complex of the thermophilic cyanobacterium Synechococcus 6716, partially purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation, was fractionated in the presence of the detergent octylglucoside. The ATPase complex containing fractions were eluted by a linear NaCl gradient at about 0.4 M and within 10 min. The FPLC fractions were analyzed for protein and pigment contents and by polypeptide composition. The purest fraction is essentially free of pigments and has a high specific ATP hydrolysis activity (about 1.6 mumol ATP X min-1 X mg protein-1) which is sensitive to N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide. PMID- 6234349 TI - Regulation of the immune response to tumor antigens. X. Activation of third-order suppressor T cells that abrogate anti-tumor immune responses. AB - The experiments described further define the suppressor T cell pathway in the S1509a tumor system. We demonstrated previously that S1509a-induced Ts1, TsF1, and Ts2 specifically suppress in vivo Ly1+2- T cell-dependent responses to S1509a and that Ts1 suppress in vivo Ly-1+2- T cell-mediated proliferative responses to S1509a. We have now shown that in vivo administration of either S1509a-induced TsF1 or TsF2 suppresses both in vivo and in vitro Ly-1+2- T cell-mediated responses to S1509a. Furthermore, we revealed the existence of Ts3, which are activated by S1509a tumor antigen and TsF2, in this murine tumor system. Finally, we demonstrated that cyclophosphamide abrogates the suppressive effect of TsF2 but not that of Ts3. These results are discussed with respect to T cell-mediated suppression in other murine tumor systems and the possible pivotal role for a tumor antigen-presenting cell in activating Ts3 in the S1509a tumor system. PMID- 6234348 TI - A note on the relative merits of metronidazole and mebendazole against dracunculiasis in the field. PMID- 6234350 TI - Quantitative analysis of Fc gamma receptors on murine spleen cell populations by using dual parameter flow cytometry. AB - The expression of Fc gamma R on subsets of mouse spleen cells was examined by dual parameter flow microfluorometry. B cells were detected by labeling them with antibodies against sIgM, sIgD, sIgG, or I-A; essentially all B cells expressed Fc gamma R. The number of Fc gamma R per cell on the sIgD+, sIgM+, and I-A+ cells averaged 2 X 10(4) receptors, and no correlation between the levels of expression of Fc gamma R and the B cell markers was evident. The sIgG+ B cells, however, expressed more Fc gamma R (8 X 10(4) receptors/cell) than sIgM+ and sIgD+ B cells. Fc gamma R on splenic macrophages were examined by double labeling spleen cells for Fc gamma R and Mac-1. The Mac-1+ cells (2 to 16% of the spleen cells) were 100% Fc gamma R+ and expressed threefold to fivefold higher numbers of Fc gamma R per cell than the sIgM+ or sIgD+ B cells. The Fc gamma R on T cells were studied on cells double labeled for Fc gamma R and Thy-1, Lyt-1, or Lyt-2. An average of 20% of the T cells expressed Fc gamma R and at least two subsets of Fc gamma R+ T cells were evident: Lyt-2- cells, most of which expressed intermediate (2 X 10(4) Fc gamma R/cell) levels of Fc gamma R, and Lyt-2+ cells, which expressed mainly high (8 X 10(4) Fc gamma R/cell) amounts of Fc gamma R. The levels of expression of Fc gamma R and sIgM increased dramatically in response to infection and were elevated in mice with genetic defects. We conclude that the level of Fc gamma R expression is a characteristic property of subsets of spleen cells from normal and infected mice. PMID- 6234352 TI - Recognition and response to alloantigens in vivo. I. Negative and positive selection of MLR reactivity in murine peripheral blood lymphocytes to major histocompatibility complex and Mls antigens. AB - Specific mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) responsiveness to allogeneic major histocompatibility complex (MHC), or minor lymphocyte-stimulating (Mls) determinants, was depleted in the peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) obtained from mice 24 to 48 hr after i.v. injection of 5 to 7.5 X 10(7) MHC or Mlsa incompatible spleen cells, respectively. Results of cell mixture experiments suggest that the generation of suppressor cells was not the explanation for this specific reduction in MLR proliferation occurring with these PBL responder cells. To gain additional insight into parameters involved in the recognition of allodeterminants in vivo, experimental manipulations of the host environment and donor cell inoculum utilized in the negative selection procedure were employed. For example, removal of the spleen in the recipient animal, an anatomic site in which injected allogeneic cells and corresponding host antigen-reactive cells (ARC) are trapped, still permitted the specific depletion in murine PBL of host ARC for donor foreign MHC antigens. This finding may implicate other sites such as the liver where unprimed host alloreactive clones are trapped. In addition, irradiation of allogeneic donor cells significantly reduced their capacity to trap alloreactive T cell clones in vivo, whereas heat treatment of the donor cells completely eliminated this ability, even though the Ia determinants were still expressed, measured by flow cytometry. After the negative selection period, kinetic analysis of proliferation showed that 3, 4, or 5 days after injection of MHC-incompatible allogeneic spleen cells, the PBL of the recipient showed specific hyperresponsiveness to the MHC-haplotype of the donor cells. Interestingly, these primed PBL responder cells had the volume distribution of small resting cells; thoracic duct lymphocytes (TDL), positively selected by adoptive transfer of T cells to irradiated semiallogeneic recipients, are reported to be mainly blast cells. In contrast to the MLR hyperresponsiveness that results from priming with MHC-incompatible splenocytes, PBL, obtained at these later time points from mice primed with Mlsa-incompatible, H-2-compatible splenocytes, showed complete unresponsiveness in MLR to these Mlsa-bearing stimulator cells, as well as some nonspecific reduction in proliferation to MHC incompatible stimulator cells regardless of their Mls genotype.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6234351 TI - Interactions between T lymphocyte subsets supported by interleukin 2-rich lymphokines produce acute rejection of vascularized cardiac allografts in T cell deprived rats. AB - A series of adoptive transfer studies were performed to define both the role of lymphocyte subpopulations and of lymphokines in the reestablishment of immunologic responsiveness towards vascularized organ allografts in T cell deprived B rats. Acute rejection of otherwise indefinitely surviving cardiac allografts (10.9 +/- 2.9 days) occurred when sensitized T cells were adoptively transferred with a course of partially purified, lectin-free IL 2-conditioned medium (IL 2CM), whereas rats receiving T cells alone rejected their grafts at 19.8 +/- 4.6 days (p = 0.025). Rejection is mediated primarily by alloactivated T helper cells highly enriched for W3/25 phenotype. The relationship between the mean allograft survival time and the cell number transferred was of exponential order. In contrast to rejection occurring after the transfer of intact T cells, that produced by W3/25+ cells was independent of the administration of exogenous IL 2CM. W3/25+ T helper cells were also found to be less potent in mediating graft rejection than were whole T cells when limited cell numbers were transferred. The OX8+ T cytotoxic/suppressor cell subpopulation, even when supplied with a course of IL 2CM, was unable to bring about rejection, but induced transient graft enlargement in about 50% of the animals. Recombination of individual subsets caused acute rejection at a rate comparable to that of unseparated T cells when IL 2CM was supplied (10.8 +/- 1.0 days), in contrast to those rats which received the recombined inoculum in the absence of IL 2CM (16.8 +/- 2.2 days, p = 0.025). Lymphocyte migration studies revealed a more vigorous homing of OX8+ cells to the allograft as compared to W3/25+ cells. However, to produce maximal accumulation of transferred cells in the graft, both T cell subsets supplemented by lymphokines must be introduced together into T cell deprived hosts. PMID- 6234353 TI - Establishment of three PPD-reactive helper T cell clones with distinct functions in B cell activation. AB - Three PPD-reactive long-term cultured helper T cell clones were established from Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Tbc)-primed spleen cells. Clones B11.15 and B12.F were derived from C57BL/6 mice, and clone D-2 was originated from DBA/2Ha mice that have an X-linked recessive inheritance of T cell-replacing factor (TRF) unresponsiveness. Proliferative responses of these cloned T cells were induced by stimulation with PPD in a dose-dependent manner only when I-A-subregion compatible antigen-presenting cells (APC) were present. These three T cell clones have distinct helper functions in B cell activation. Clone B11.15 activated DNP primed B cells to induce anti-DNP IgM plaque-forming cell (PFC) responses only when high amounts of PPD (5 micrograms) were added to the culture in a major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-unrestricted manner (factor-mediated interaction), whereas stimulation with a low amount of DNP-PPD (0.05 microgram) was ineffective. On the other hand, clone D-2 triggered B cells in the presence of a low amount of DNP-PPD in a MHC-restricted manner (cognate interaction). Significant helper activity of D-2, however, was not observed in the presence of high amounts of PPD. Clone B12.F was able to activate B cells in the presence of either DNP-PPD or PPD. Moreover, both B11.15 and B12.F produced helper factor(s) such as TRF by stimulation with high amounts of PPD in the presence of syngeneic APC, whereas D-2 did not produce measurable helper factor(s) under the same conditions. These results suggest that at least three distinctly functioning PPD reactive helper T cells can be generated by active immunization with Tbc in vivo. T-B cell interaction between distinctly functioning T cell clones and B cells from (DBA/Ha X C57BL/6) (DB6)F1 male or female mice was then examined. B cells from DB6F1 female mice were triggered by both B11.15 and B12.F in a factor mediated manner and were also activated with B12.F or D-2 in cognate manner. On the other hand, B cells from DB6F1 male mice, which are TRF low responders, were activated by B12.F or D-2 only through cognate interaction, and they failed to cooperate with B12.F or B11.15 in factor-mediated manner. These findings further suggest that B cells can be triggered by at least two distinct helper T cell subpopulations via respective pathways (cognate interaction and factor-mediated interaction).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6234354 TI - Antigen-reactive cloned helper T cells. II. Exposure of murine cloned helper T cells to IL 2-containing supernatant induces unresponsiveness to antigenic restimulation and inhibits lymphokine production after antigenic stimulation. AB - Cloned murine helper T lymphocytes (HTL) reactive to alloantigen or to ovalbumin (OVA) become unresponsive to antigenic restimulation after exposure to antigen or to culture supernatant fluids (SF) containing multiple lymphokine activities. Unresponsiveness is manifest by a failure of antigen-stimulated cells to incorporate thymidine or to produce lymphokines after antigenic challenge. Antigen-unresponsive HTL, however, will incorporate thymidine when exposed to an exogenous source of interleukin 2 (IL 2). The duration of unresponsiveness to antigen is correlated with the concentration of IL 2 in SF to which the cloned HTL had been exposed. Chromatographic fractionation of IL 2-containing supernatant from EL-4 thymoma cells (EL-4 SF) yielded a pool of SF that was enriched for IL 2 activity. Exposure of HTL to lymphokines contained in this pool induced unresponsiveness to antigen that was comparable to that observed when HTL were exposed to unfractionated EL-4 SF. Unresponsiveness to antigen also developed after cloned HTL were stimulated with concanavalin A (Con A) or with OVA and syngeneic splenic filler cells. We have used monoclonal antibody (mAb) GK1.5 (anti-L3T4) to investigate the role of lymphokine production in the induction of unresponsiveness. This antibody did not inhibit IL 2-induced thymidine incorporation by cloned HTL, and did not inhibit the induction of unresponsiveness after exposure of cloned HTL to EL-4 SF. In the presence of mAb GK1.5, however, HTL that were stimulated with Con A or OVA did not become unresponsive to antigenic restimulation, an effect that was overcome by the addition of EL-4 SF. These results suggest that HTL become unresponsive to antigen after exposure to IL 2-containing SF, and that stimulation by antigen or Con A can induce the unresponsive state by virtue of stimulating lymphokine production. PMID- 6234355 TI - Expression of IgE receptors and histamine in cloned natural killer cell lines. AB - Natural killer (NK) activity is mediated by large granulated lymphocytes (LGL). Recently, the relationship of NK cells to mast cells and basophils has been suggested. We therefore examined three distinct interleukin 2-dependent cloned cell lines capable of mediating NK lysis. Virtually all the cells of each line contained membrane-bound granules. Interestingly, ultrastructural studies demonstrated that the granules in each cell line were morphologically distinct and thus heterogeneous. All three cloned, granulated NK cell lines were found to variably express low numbers (less than or equal to 1.3 X 10(4)) of low affinity plasma membrane IgE receptors (Fc epsilon R). In contrast to mast cells and basophils, however, none were found to express high numbers of high affinity Fc epsilon R. In addition, none of the three NK cell lines were found to contain histaminase-sensitive histamine. Our results suggest that NK cells are not related to mast cells or basophils. PMID- 6234356 TI - Expression of C3d receptors during human B cell differentiation: immunofluorescence analysis with the HB-5 monoclonal antibody. AB - We have examined human B lymphocytes at different stages of differentiation for the expression of surface receptors for the C3d fragment of complement. C3d receptors (C3dR) were identified by indirect immunofluorescence using the HB-5 monoclonal antibody, which recognizes a 145,000 m.w. C3dR molecule on B lymphocytes. Pre-B and immature B cells from fetal bone marrow and liver did not express C3dR, whereas a small subpopulation (25%) of B cells in fetal spleen were C3dR+. Approximately 50% of the B cells in adult bone marrow were C3dR+, whereas the more mature B cells in the blood of newborns and adults and in peripheral lymphoid tissue of adults uniformly expressed the C3dR. Activated B cells responsive to T cell-derived differentiation factors were C3dR+, whereas plasma cells rarely expressed C3dR. T cells, NK cells, erythrocytes, and myelomonocytic cells did not express detectable surface C3dR. These results suggest that in hematopoietic and lymphoid tissues, the expression of C3dR is a specific feature of relatively mature lymphoid cells of B lineage. PMID- 6234358 TI - Relationship between immune system and gram-negative bacteria. II. Natural killer cytotoxicity of Salmonella minnesota Rb 345-unbound human peripheral blood lymphocytes. AB - Spontaneous binding of human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) to bacteria represents a promising approach for the characterization of lymphocyte subsets mediating different functions. In the light of previous findings on the high degree of spontaneous adherence of S. minnesota Rb cells to PBL, we have evaluated the natural killer (NK) cytotoxicity of PBL subpopulations that fail to bind to Rb bacteria. The S. minnesota Rb-unbound cell fraction exhibits higher levels of cytotoxic capacity, which is related to a more elevated frequency of active NK cells, as determined in an agarose-single cell cytotoxic assay. Moreover, the cytotoxic activity of the unbound fraction is additionally boosted by interferon-alpha pretreatment. The effector cells bear Fc gamma receptors that are involved in NK cell lysis, because a decrease of NK activity is observed after immune complex modulation of the receptors. Finally, these cells, which display a high percentage (approximately 70%) of typical large granular lymphocyte morphology, express HNK-1, T10, T8, and M1 antigens, and to a lesser extent T3 and T4 antigens. These data indicate a selective enrichment of NK cells in the S. minnesota Rb-unbound fraction. PMID- 6234357 TI - Biologic functions of the OKT1 T cell surface antigen. I. The T1 molecule is involved in helper function. AB - The OKT1 (Leu-1) monoclonal antibody reacts with a 69 KD glycoprotein that is present on only a fraction of functionally mature thymocytes but is maintained on most peripheral T cells. In the study presented, we examined the role of this surface molecule in T cell function. We found that addition of the OKT1 antibody to B cells and autologous T4+ cells markedly enhances B cell differentiation. This enhancement was apparent when nonirradiated or irradiated T4+ cells but not T8+ cells were used. Moreover, the OKT1 antibody as well as the OKT1 F(ab')2 fragment enhanced B cell differentiation in a dose-dependent fashion. It is important to note that perturbation of the T1 molecule with OKT1 in the presence of autologous E- cells causes the rapid release of molecules that trigger B cells to proliferate and differentiate into Ig-secreting cells. These data when considered together suggest that OKT1 reacts with a T cell membrane determinant or a complex that is intimately involved in the execution of helper function on OKT4+ cells. PMID- 6234359 TI - Nonspecific immunoglobulin synthesis and elevated IgG levels in rabbits immunized with mucoid exopolysaccharide from cystic fibrosis isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. AB - Correlations have been observed between the presence of elevated levels of serum IgG and poor clinical status in cystic fibrosis, and between colonization with mucoid exopolysaccharide (MEP)-producing strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and poor clinical status. To determine if P. aeruginosa products could affect the immune system in such a way as to cause nonspecific Ig synthesis and elevated IgG levels, we immunized rabbits with whole bacterial cells and purified MEP from three strains of mucoid P. aeruginosa and with cells of a mucoid strain of E. coli. Antisera raised to whole bacterial cells reacted slightly with a panel of 12 different polysaccharide antigens from various bacteria, whereas antisera raised to purified MEP reacted moderately to strongly with these antigens. The heterologous antibodies elicited by MEP generally showed high affinities and specificities for heterologous antigens, and were functional in opsonophagocytic assays. Analysis of the kinetics of rabbit responses to MEP against homologous and heterologous antigens suggested that nonspecific Ig synthesis could be documented shortly after homologous antibody to MEP was elicited. Rabbits hyperimmunized with MEP also had elevated levels of IgG, even after removal of MEP-specific antibody. These data suggest that the change in young cystic fibrosis patients from a relatively healthy, hypogammaglobulinemic state to more progressive lung disease, associated with elevated levels of IgG and colonization with mucoid P. aeruginosa, may be mediated, in part, by the effects of MEP on mammalian immune systems. PMID- 6234360 TI - Human helper T cell factor(s). IV. Demonstration of a human late-acting B cell differentiation factor acting on Staphylococcus aureus Cowan I-stimulated B cells. AB - At least two distinct B cell stimulatory factors (BSF) were found to be involved in the differentiation of Staphylococcus aureus Cowan I (SAC)-stimulated human B cells to IgG-producing cells. A factor tentatively called B cell differentiation factor I (BCDF I) was found in one fraction, and a second factor, BCDF II was found in another fraction. The BCDF I fraction alone induces IgG-production in SAC-stimulated B cells, but the BCDF II fraction does not. The BCDF II fraction enhances IgG production in SAC-stimulated B cells in the presence of the BCDF I fraction. Studies concerning the time-course of the action of the BCDF II fraction revealed that it contains a late-acting differentiation factor that acts on B cells most effectively when it is added to the SAC-stimulated B cell culture after the addition of BCDF I fraction; it induces IgG plaque-forming cells within 1 day. The pI value of a late-acting BCDF was in the range of 5 to 6; this pI range is different from that of BCDF I but similar to that of BCDF II, which was shown in our previous studies to be able to induce IgG production in Epstein Barr Virus-transformed B lymphoblastoid cell lines. In addition, the m.w. of a late acting BCDF were about 35,000 and 20,000, which are the same as those of BCDF II, and thus its identity with BCDF II was suggested. PMID- 6234361 TI - A new lymphocyte surface antigen defined by a monoclonal antibody (9F3) to the T cell population expanding in MRL/Mp-lpr/lpr mice. AB - This report is a description of the pattern of reactivity of a rat monoclonal antibody (MAb 9F3) directed to the abnormal T cells expanding in MRL/Mp-lpr/lpr (MRL/lpr) mice. By using single- and two-color flow cytofluorometry analysis, this MAb was found to stain brightly 90 to 98% of lymph node (LN) T cells from MRL/lpr, C57BL/6-lpr/lpr (B6/lpr), and C3H/HeJ-lpr/lpr mice, and approximately 10 to 50 times less intensely 55 to 70% of T cells from control congenic +/+ mice. The study of in vitro proliferative responses of sorted cells from MRL/+ mice demonstrated that 9F3- T cells react better to phytohemagglutinin and allogeneic cells but less well to concanavalin A (Con A) than 9F3+ T cells. Upon Con A induced blastogenesis, 65% of 9F3- T cells became 9F3+ whereas all 9F3+ remained 9F3+. Although only 15% of thymocytes, which included hydrocortisone-resistant population, were 9F3+ in +/+ mice, up to 60% of bright 9F3+ cells were detectable in the thymus of lpr-bearing mice after the onset of lymphoproliferation. Moreover, in both lpr-bearing and normal mice, the 9F3 MAb stained the totality of resting or mitogen-activated B cells. The 9F3 MAb also reacted with 100% of bone marrow (BM) cells, irrespective of the lpr gene. However, a subset of bright 9F3+, large BM cells was increased in frequency in lpr-bearing mice compared to congenic controls. Although expressed on macrophages, granulocytes, and erythrocytes, the 9F3 antigen was not in liver, kidney, and brain tissue of MRL/+ mice. Because the cell and tissue distributions of the 9F3 antigen do not correspond to any previously described murine antigen, this antigen may represent a new surface marker that should prove useful for studying lymphohemopoietic cell differentiation in normal and lpr-bearing mice. PMID- 6234362 TI - Human neutrophils and eosinophils have structurally distinct Fc gamma receptors. AB - Human Fc gamma receptors were isolated from surface radioiodinated granulocytes and eosinophils by using repetitive affinity chromatography on human IgG Sepharose columns. Analysis by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis demonstrated that cell preparations containing eosinophils possessed a 43,000 Mr Fc gamma-binding macromolecule. Nylon wool-filtered cells from patients with eosinophilia and cell cultures derived from normal donors provided highly purified eosinophil preparations that expressed only the 43,000 Mr Fc gamma receptor. Granulocyte populations yielded the 52,000 to 68,000 Mr Fc gamma receptor characteristic of neutrophils as well as the Fc gamma-binding macromolecules apparently derived from eosinophils. The 43,000 Mr Fc gamma receptor of the eosinophil and the 31,000 and 34,000 Mr fragments that appear to be derived from it were able to rebind selectively to human IgG1-Sepharose, Fc gamma 1-Sepharose, IgG3-Sepharose, and Fc gamma 3-Sepharose. In contrast, the 52,000 to 68,000 Mr Fc gamma receptor from neutrophils could rebind only to IgG1 Sepharose and Fc gamma 1-Sepharose. The results demonstrate that the Fc gamma receptor of human eosinophils is distinct in structure from the neutrophil Fc gamma receptor and that these Fc gamma receptors, at least in their solubilized states, differ in specificity for human IgG3. PMID- 6234363 TI - C-reactive protein inhibits pneumococcal activation of the alternative pathway by increasing the interaction between factor H and C3b. AB - We previously studied two alternative pathway activators, Streptococcus pneumoniae and positively charged liposomes, which react with C-reactive protein (CRP). Binding of CRP to these surfaces initiates classical pathway but blocks alternative pathway activation. In this study, we investigated the mechanism of this inhibition using S. pneumoniae, R36a. R36a were pretreated with CRP (CRP R36a) or buffer and incubated with C2-deficient human serum to which 125I-labeled C3 had been added. The amount of specific 125I-C3 binding was decreased from 8200 mol/CFU on R36a to 2200 mol/CFU on CRP-R36a. In contrast, when the same experiment was performed with purified factors B, D, P, and C3, in the absence of regulatory proteins, specific 125I-C3 uptake was slightly lower on R36a (6100 mol/CFU) than on CRP-R36a (8100 mol/CFU). The ability of the fixed C3b to inactivate factor B in the presence of factor D was equivalent on the two surfaces. The binding of the regulatory factor H to C3b fixed to R36a and CRP R36a was compared by using purified 125I-labeled factor H. The ratio of factor H bound to C3 bound was twofold greater on CRP-R36a than on R36a. This increase was found by using C2-deficient serum or purified factors B, D, P, and C3 to fix C3b to the surfaces. The ability of CRP to inhibit C3 binding to R36a was restored by the addition of factors H and I to factors B, D, P, and C3. These results indicate that CRP inhibits alternative pathway activation by increasing regulation of bound C3. PMID- 6234364 TI - Purification and some properties of streptococcal protein G, a novel IgG-binding reagent. AB - Protein G, a bacterial cell wall protein with affinity for immunoglobulin G (IgG), has been isolated from a human group G streptococcal strain (G148). Bacterial surface proteins were solubilized by enzymatic digestion with papain. Protein G was isolated by sequential use of ion-exchange chromatography on DEAE cellulose, gel filtration on Sephadex G-100, and affinity chromatography on Sepharose 4B-coupled IgG. The presence of protein G in various pools and fractions during the isolation was followed by their ability to inhibit the binding of radio-labeled IgG to G148 bacteria. A highly purified protein G was obtained. On polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate, the apparent m.w. was 30,000, and on agarose gel electrophoresis the purified protein gave rise to a single band in the alpha 1-region. Protein G was found to bind all human IgG subclasses and also rabbit, mouse, and goat IgG. On the IgG molecule, the Fc part appears mainly responsible for the interaction with protein G, although a low degree interaction was also recorded for Fab fragments. IgM, IgA, and IgD, however, showed no binding to protein G. This novel IgG-binding reagent promises to be of theoretical and practical interest in immunologic research. PMID- 6234365 TI - Delayed hypersensitivity granuloma formation around Schistosoma mansoni eggs in vitro. III. Granuloma formation and modulation in human Schistosomiasis mansoni. AB - An in vitro model of granuloma formation was used to study the cellular immune responses of Schistosoma mansoni-infected patients. The purposes of this study were to determine the relationship of granulomatous hypersensitivity to S. mansoni eggs in recent, well-defined infections and long-term chronic infections, and to determine the role of T cell subsets (OKT3, 4, and 8) defined by monoclonal antibodies in granulomatous hypersensitivity. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells obtained from patients with recent S. mansoni infections demonstrated increased granulomatous hypersensitivity responses in vitro when compared to peripheral blood mononuclear cells obtained from patients infected for 5 yr or more. The selective removal of infected for 5 yr or more. The selective removal of OKT3+ or OKT4+ cells reduced the ability of peripheral blood mononuclear cells to form granulomas in vitro. Positive selection for OKT4+ T cells produced optimal granulomatous hypersensitivity when compared to that produced by the unfractionated peripheral blood mononuclear cell population. OKT8+ cells demonstrated no ability to form granulomas in vitro. Selective removal of OKT8+ T cells produced variable results in the ability of the remaining peripheral blood mononuclear cells to form granulomas in vitro. These studies demonstrate the feasibility of investigating granulomatous hypersensitivity and immunoregulatory mechanisms operative in S. mansoni-infected patients by using in vitro technology. PMID- 6234366 TI - Solid-phase radioimmunoassay of immunoglobulins G, A and M: applicability in analysis of sucrose gradients. AB - A simple and sensitive solid-phase radioimmunoassay for the detection of immunoglobulins G, A and M in sucrose gradients is described. The solid-phase consisted of immunoglobulins adsorbed to polystyrene tubes. Using buffers without detergent and 125I-labeled sheep anti-rabbit IgG as radioligand, the assay was able to detect 0.8 ng per tube in the IgG assay and 1.6 ng per tube in the IgA and IgM assays. Standard curves with antigen dissolved in 10% and 32% sucrose were superimposable and did not deviate from standard curves with antigen dissolved in buffer without sucrose. Using these techniques on ultracentrifugation samples from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, Schonlein-Henoch nephritis and IgA glorulonephritis it was possible to detect both immunoglobulin fragments and immunoglobulin aggregates at the same time without prior dialysis of the samples. PMID- 6234367 TI - A rabbit model of toxic shock syndrome: clinicopathological features. AB - The complete pathogenesis of toxic shock syndrome (TSS) has yet to be elucidated. Unmasking the complex interactions among bacterial products, host factors, and possibly tampon components requires a suitable in vivo model. For this purpose, subcutaneous chambers implanted in rabbits were inoculated with Staphylococcus aureus isolated from patients with TSS. Infected rabbits developed illness characterised by multisystem involvement that included periportal inflammation of the liver, erythrophagocytosis in the spleen and lymph nodes as well as extreme vascular dilatation and epithelial lesions similar to those described in patients with TSS. Concentrations of serum creatinine (P less than 0.03) and triglycerides (P less than 0.04) were significantly raised in rabbits infected with TSS strains compared with rabbits infected with non-TSS strains of S. aureus. Both TSS and non-TSS strains of S. aureus produced fever and diarrhoea, but TSS strains were significantly (P less than 0.05) more lethal and more likely to produce respiratory distress and lowered blood pressure. This model may help to prove or disprove proposed mechanisms for the development of TSS. PMID- 6234368 TI - Analysis of T-lymphocyte subsets in measles. PMID- 6234369 TI - Hepatitis-B vaccination in the elderly. PMID- 6234370 TI - Suppression of cellular reactivity to group A streptococcal antigens in patients with acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis. AB - Lymphocyte reactivity to group A streptococcal antigens was studied in patients with acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis (AGN) in Trinidad. When compared with controls, patients with AGN had significantly lower responses. This finding was most prominent in the patients who were greater than 10 years of age at onset of disease. The total number of T lymphocytes was found to be decreased in patients with AGN, and in particular, the percentage of cells bearing Fc receptors for IgG (T gamma) was low. Removal of the T gamma-cell population abrogated the lymphocyte response to streptococcal antigens. However, removal of the adherent cells resulted in enhancement of the response to the level of the normal control population. The presence of suppressor activity in the adherent cell population of older patients with AGN may be an important factor in progression of AGN to chronic disease. PMID- 6234372 TI - Autooxidation of docosahexaenoic acid: analysis of ten isomers of hydroxydocosahexaenoate. AB - Docosahexaenoic acid, an n-3 essential fatty acid, was recently shown to be enzymically converted by platelets, basophils, and liver microsomes into metabolites containing conjugated dienes with allylic hydroxyl groups. To help identify these metabolites, standards were prepared by autooxidation of docosahexaenoic acid. After isolation by reverse phase and normal phase high performance chromatography (HPLC), ten hydroxy isomers of docosahexaenoic acid were identified by capillary gas-liquid chromatography, ultraviolet spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry. From these studies and reported elution orders for similar metabolites derived from linoleic, linolenic, and arachidonic acids, two basic HPLC elution patterns became apparent. Under reverse phase chromatography conditions, the distance of the trans-double bond from the carboxyl group was the critical parameter in determining the elution order. Under silicic acid chromatography conditions, the distance of the hydroxyl from the carbomethoxy group seemed to determine the elution order. The dramatic difference in selectivity between reverse and normal phase HPLC of the hydroxy acids provides critical information useful for identifying endogenous metabolites. PMID- 6234373 TI - Left ventricular hypertrophy in left bundle branch block. AB - The detection of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) in the presence of left bundle branch block (LBBB) remains a difficult clinical problem. Its prevalence and significance have not previously been studied in a group of living patients. M-mode echocardiography was utilized to determine the prevalence of anatomic LVH in 28 patients with LBBB. Various ECG and chest x-ray criteria as predictors of LVH were assessed. Anatomic LVH was present in 89% by echocardiography. A left atrial abnormality on ECG and a cardio-thoracic ratio greater than .50 were the best predictors of LVH. Hypertension and/or ischemic heart disease was present in 78.5% of the patients while only one patient was free of any evidence of cardiovascular disease. PMID- 6234371 TI - Specificity of the T cells that mediate and suppress adoptive immunotherapy of established tumors. AB - This study was designed to investigate the specificity of the T cells that express and suppress antitumor immunity in a model of adoptive immunization against established tumors. Results obtained with the P815 mastocytoma, L5178Y lymphoma, and P388 lymphoma showed, in agreement with previous findings from this laboratory, that an intravenous infusion of splenic T cells from immunized mice can cause the regression of a tumor growing in T-cell-deficient mice. So far as specificity of adoptive immunity is concerned, reciprocal passive transfer experiments with these three tumors revealed that T cells from donor mice immunized against the P815 tumor are not capable of causing regression of the P388 tumor or L5178Y tumor, even if both the P815 and L5178Y tumors are growing in the same host. Similarly splenic T cells from mice immunized against the P388 tumor or L5178Y tumor had no effect on growth of the P815 tumor. Suppression of adoptive immunity was also specific, in that passively transferred suppressor T cells from mice bearing a progressive P815 tumor were capable of suppressing adoptive T-cell-mediated regression of the P815 tumor, but not the P388 tumor growing in T-cell-deficient recipients. Reciprocally, P388 suppressor spleen cells from mice bearing a progressive P388 tumor prevented adoptive T-cell mediated regression of the P388 tumor, but not the P815 tumor. The results indicate, therefore, that the T cells from immunized mice that mediate adoptive antitumor immunity and the T cells from tumor-bearing mice that suppress the expression of this immunity are specific for the tumor that evokes their generation. PMID- 6234374 TI - Sexual maturation in male mice treated with cyproterone acetate from birth to puberty. AB - Cyproterone acetate was administered every 2 days from 1 to 39 days of age to male mice which were killed 24 h or 20 days after the last injection. Cyproterone acetate caused a significant reduction in the relative weights of the epididymis, vas deferens, seminal vesicle and preputial gland, which was still evident at 60 days after birth. Testicular and epididymal androgens (testosterone and dihydrotestosterone) and circulating LH and FSH concentrations were equal to or higher than those of controls at 60 days. Cyproterone acetate did not inhibit spermatogenesis but all males were infertile. The results suggest that the peripheral effects of testosterone are necessary, during early stages of sexual maturation, in order to obtain subsequent full development of the accessory sex organs. PMID- 6234376 TI - The microbial ecology of pilosebaceous units isolated from human skin. AB - A method allowing isolation and microbiological analysis of individual pilosebaceous units (follicles) was used to study biopsies of back skin obtained from volunteer acne vulgaris patients. The main microbial groups isolated were members of the genera Propionibacterium, Staphylococcus and Pityrosporum. The incidence (and mean density) of these organisms in 140 normal follicles was 12% (2.6 X 10(5) per follicle), 4% (5.5 X 10(3) per follicle) and 13% (10(2) per follicle) respectively. Colonized follicles were not distributed evenly amongst the subjects studied. The results are analysed and discussed from an ecological standpoint. PMID- 6234375 TI - Regulation of the antibody response to type III pneumococcal polysaccharide by contrasuppressor T cells. AB - A soluble membrane component of type III pneumococcal polysaccharide-coupled spleen cells (S3-SCSM) induces S3-specific suppressor T cells (Ts) in mice. These Ts can be detected only if mice are pretreated with cyclophosphamide (Cy) or if cells adherent to the lectin Vicia villosa are removed from the spleen cell population prior to transfer. The V. villosa-adherent spleen cells from mice injected with S3-SCSM could abrogate suppression mediated by Ts induced by S3 SCSM in Cy-treated mice. The V. villosa-adherent contrasuppressor cells were shown to be T cells that were I-J+ and of the Lyt-1 phenotype. Contrasuppressor T cells (Tcs) were not present in V. villosa-adherent spleen cell fractions obtained from normal mice, from mice injected with polyvinylpyrrolidone-coupled spleen cells, or from Cy-treated mice injected with S3-SCSM, i.e., mice in which Ts activity is dominant. The V. villosa-adherent cells that abrogated the activity of Ts induced by S3-SCSM in Cy-treated mice did not abrogate suppression mediated by a different subset of S3-specific Ts, suggesting that the Tcs described here do not have activity against all Ts subsets. The ability of S3 SCSM to activate Tcs in normal mice provides an explanation for the inability to detect S3-specific Ts in several previous studies. PMID- 6234377 TI - Catecholamines and serotonin in the rat central nervous system after 6-OHDA, 5-7 DHT and p-CPA. AB - The norepinephrine (NE), epinephrine (EPI), dopamine (DA) and serotonin (5-HT) contents were measured radioenzymatically in seven anatomically defined regions (frontal cerebral cortex, hippocampus, hypothalamus, midbrain, pons-medulla oblongata, cerebellum and spinal cord) in adult normal animals, after treatment with the tryptophan hydroxylase inhibitor p-chlorophenylalanine (p-CPA), and after the intraventricular administration of either 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) or 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine (5,7-DHT). The effects of p-CPA seemed not restricted to 5-HT, since reductions in catecholamine (CA) content were detected in several regions. After 5,7-DHT given under desimipramine (DMI) protection, comparable reductions in 5-HT levels were obtained but the changes in CA were less severe than after p-CPA. The neurotoxin 6-OHDA decreased the CA in all regions but also 5-HT content in hippocampus, hypothalamus and pons-medulla. The significance and the interpretation of these changes are discussed in relation to the specificity of the drugs employed, together with an assessment of the local monoamine turnover and the possible functional effects of monoamine interactions in the CNS. PMID- 6234378 TI - Serum anticonvulsant concentrations and the risk of drug induced skin eruptions. AB - In two prospective studies of anticonvulsant therapy there was a high incidence of drug-induced skin reactions to phenytoin (7%) and carbamazepine (16.6%). High initial serum concentrations of these drugs appeared to be a factor influencing the occurrence of such skin reactions. PMID- 6234379 TI - DNA damage and chronic neuronal degenerations. AB - DNA plays an essential role not only in dividing cells, but also in postmitotic cells such as neurons. Accumulated damage to the nuclear DNA will result in damage to neuronal metabolism. There is suggestive evidence of altered DNA in ALS, Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, and of deficiency of DNA repair mechanisms in these age-related neuronal degenerations and in Huntington's disease. We suggest that these DNA abnormalities are more likely to be the cause of the diseases, rather than an effect of the disease process. PMID- 6234380 TI - Phase II study of methyl-CCNU, vincristine, 5-fluorouracil, and streptozotocin in advanced colorectal cancer. By the Gastrointestinal Tumor Study Group. AB - In an attempt to confirm the previously reported response rates with methyl-CCNU, vincristine, 5-fluorouracil, and streptozotocin (MOF-strep) (34%) in advanced colorectal cancer, the Gastrointestinal Tumor Study Group used the identical treatment schedule in 40 good performance status patients who had received no prior chemotherapy. Four patients (10%) achieved an objective partial tumor response and the median survival for all patients was 7.3 months. The toxicity was evidenced by moderate nausea and vomiting and myelosuppression with one treatment-related death. Based on this trial further evaluation of MOF-strep for advanced colorectal cancer cannot be recommended. PMID- 6234381 TI - Synaptic and mechanical coupling between type-identified motor units and individual spindle afferents of medial gastrocnemius muscle of the cat. AB - Experiments were performed to test the possibility that motor unit-muscle spindle pairs that are coupled especially strongly mechanically will also be coupled especially strongly synaptically ("weighted ensemble input": Ref. 4). Synaptic and mechanical coupling between one or two individual muscle spindle afferents and individual motor units of the medial gastrocnemius (MG) muscle were measured in barbiturate-anesthetized cats. Synaptic coupling was assessed by measuring the amplitude of single-fiber monosynaptic excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) generated in motoneurons by individual spindle afferents. Mechanical coupling was assessed by measuring the alteration in discharge rate of these spindle afferents caused by tetanic activation of the same motor units. Afferents were classified as primary or secondary on the basis of conduction velocity and response to muscle stretch and contraction. Motor units were classified as slow twitch (S); fast twitch, fatigue resistant (FR); fast twitch, intermediate fatigue resistance (FI); and fast twitch, fatigue sensitive (FF) on the basis of twitch contraction time and resistance to fatigue. In 85% of 138 motor unit-primary afferent interactions tested, tetanic activation of the single motor unit unloaded (i.e., decreased the discharge rate of) the primary afferent. A very weak though significant correlation was found between tetanic contraction strength and primary afferent unloading. In 66% of 155 motor unit-secondary afferent interactions tested, tetanic activation of the single motor unit unloaded the secondary afferent. Again, afferent unloading was but weakly related to tetanic contraction strength. Single-fiber EPSPs generated by primary or secondary muscle spindle afferents were recorded in type-identified motor units. EPSPs generated by primary afferents were significantly larger in oxidative (S + FR) than in glycolytic (FF) motor units. No such differences were seen for EPSPs generated by secondary afferents. The magnitude of the EPSP generated in a motoneuron by a spindle afferent was compared to the magnitude of the unloading of that afferent by tetanic activation of the corresponding motor unit. Overall, no relationship was found between these measures.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6234382 TI - Effect of dehydroepiandrosterone on growth in lean and obese Zucker rats. AB - Several studies were undertaken to determine the effect of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) on growth in Zucker rats. In experiment 1, 3 weeks of DHEA treatment in lean rats resulted in decreased body weight gain in comparison to control rats. In experiment 2, both lean and obese rats were treated with DHEA from 6 to 21 weeks of age. Significant decreases in body weight were found for both lean and obese DHEA-treated rats. The food efficiency ratio (FER) was significantly decreased in both DHEA-treated groups. Significant decreases in parametrial and retroperitoneal fat pads were found in both lean and obese DHEA-treated rats. This was primarily attributed to a decrease in fat cell number in lean rats and to decreases in both number and size of fat cells in obese rats. In experiment 3 obese female rats were treated with DHEA from 6 to 21 weeks of age followed by 15 weeks with DHEA removed from the diet. Significantly more weight was gained by the rats previously treated than by the control rats, but body weight remained significantly lower than in the control groups. These data indicate DHEA has an effect on altering body weight and body fat in lean and obese Zucker rats. PMID- 6234383 TI - Assessment of workers' compensation claims for back strains/sprains. AB - Workers' compensation claim data for 1979 obtained from the Bureau of Labor Statistics' Supplementary Data System (SDS) were utilized to examine the demographic and occupational incidence of back strains/sprains among U.S. industrial employees covered by state compensation systems. These data were combined with estimated employment figures to provide incidence ratios, which allowed better approximations of industry- and occupation-specific risk. Industries found to have the largest incidence ratios were construction (1.6 claims/100 workers) and mining (1.5 claims/100 workers). Occupations with the largest ratios were miscellaneous laborers (12.3 claims/100 workers) and garbage collectors (11.1 claims/100 workers). The 285,468 compensation claims due to back strains/sprains filed in the 26 SDS states in 1979 suggest that back injuries continue to be a large and costly problem for U.S. workers and their employers. PMID- 6234384 TI - Dental responsibility for the medically compromised patient. PMID- 6234385 TI - Computerized skeletal scintigraphy for assessment of mandibular asymmetry. AB - Normal standards of technetium-99m methylene diphosphonate (99mTc-MDP) uptake in the jaws of adults and growing children have previously been established. This study utilizes the technique of skeletal scintigraphy for diagnosis and treatment planning in 21 patients with mandibular asymmetry. Diagnoses included hemifacial microsomia (n = 6), condylar hyper or hypoplasia (n = 10), and generalized mandibular asymmetry (n = 5). 99mTc-MDP uptake was measured in the right and left condyle, ramus, and body. Uptake was then compared with the known age-adjusted standards. The data were used to determine 1) mandibular growth activity, 2) normal vs. abnormal side, and 3) the effects of operative and functional therapy. The presence of end stage deformity was predicted when mandibular uptake reached the adult norm. PMID- 6234386 TI - Bacteria-tight sealing of exposed dog pulps. AB - Penetration of bacteria past filling materials can interfere with the vitality of exposed pulps. In the present study, seventy-three dog's teeth were filled--after exposure--with Cavit -W and then sealed either with a chemically or a UV polymerizing bonding. After 14 days a failure rate of 28% was demonstrated using the chemically polymerizing Concise and of 4.5% using the UV polymerizing Uvio Bond. After 42 days the latter bonding revealed a success rate of 100%. To achieve a bacteria-tight seal of deep cavities for middle long term animal experimentation, Uvio -Bond can be used--after etching--to cover the filling material and the surrounding enamel. PMID- 6234387 TI - Nasal absorption of nafarelin acetate, the decapeptide [D-Nal(2)6)]LHRH, in rhesus monkeys. I. AB - Nafarelin acetate, [D-Nal(2)6]LHRH, a highly potent superagonist of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone, was given intranasally to six female rhesus monkeys. Absorption was rapid and very reproducible, with peak levels occurring at 15-30 min and a bioavailability of approximately 2% relative to a subcutaneous dose. The nasal dose response was highly nonlinear. The nonlinearity was apparently associated with the absorption phase, since elimination profiles at all doses were similar. PMID- 6234388 TI - Development of second generation merozoites of Leucocytozoon caulleryi in vitro. AB - Sporozoites of Leucocytozoon caulleryi were inoculated into specific-pathogen free (SPF) chickens intravenously. Fourteen days after inoculation, the infected blood, parasitized with second generation merozoites, was collected from the chickens. The blood was then suspended in SPF chicken serum or RPMI-1640 culture medium supplemented with 20% SPF chicken serum in petri dishes, which were cultured at 37 degrees C or 41 degrees C in a humidified atmosphere of 5% CO2. Second generation merozoites in parasitized, immature erythrocytes developed continuously through several substages and finally became micro- and macro gametocytes after 6 days of incubation. PMID- 6234389 TI - Dynamics of T-suppressor and T-helper lymphocytes and haemolytic plaque-forming cells during normal pregnancy in the sow. AB - T gamma and T mu lymphocytes and haemolytic plaque-forming cells (PFC) were quantitatively determined in peripheral blood and uterine draining lymph nodes ( DLN ) from 36 nonpregnant and 45 pregnant sows. A considerable increase in the number of T gamma cells occurred both in the blood and the DLN during pregnancy (P less than 0.001). This increase was higher at the beginning of pregnancy (20th 40th day) and lower at the end (80th- 110th day). No significant quantitative changes were found in T mu cells. During pregnancy there was a marked drop in the number of cells in the peripheral blood manifesting direct erythrocytolytic activity (DECA), as well as of haemolysin-producing cells. PMID- 6234390 TI - Lymphocyte subpopulation alterations induced by intravenous megadose pulse methylprednisolone. AB - Lymphocyte subpopulations from 9 children with different rheumatic diseases were studied before and 5, 24 and 48 h after high dose intravenous methylprednisolone. Leu-1 (+) cells, Leu-2a (+) cells, Leu-3a (+) cells and surface immunoglobulin (+) cells were counted. A panlymphopenia occurred 5 h after infusion, but numbers of all cell types were normal by 48 h. B cells were less affected than T cells. Leu-3a (+) cells were relatively more decreased than the other populations at 5 h and took longer to return to prepulse levels. This suggests a selective difference in distribution of lymphocyte subpopulations after pulse methylprednisolone infusion. PMID- 6234392 TI - Clinical approach to young disabled children: discussion paper. PMID- 6234391 TI - HLA antigens and toxic reactions to sodium aurothiomalate in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. AB - HLA typing studies were performed on 60 consecutive patients with seropositive definite or classical rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Patients were treated with gold and were followed for a minimum of 18 months for identification of adverse reactions to gold therapy. HLA-DR3 was increased significantly in patients who developed gold induced rash, proteinuria or thrombocytopenia. On the other hand, the incidence of HLA-DR4 was lower in patients with these adverse reactions. Our results demonstrate that patients with RA carrying DR3 are at a higher risk of developing adverse reactions to gold. The most interesting finding was the low incidence of DR4 in patients who developed adverse reactions to gold, suggesting that DR4 positive patients may have some degree of protection against gold toxicity. PMID- 6234393 TI - Quality of life after cytotoxic chemotherapy: discussion paper. PMID- 6234394 TI - Familial tylosis and carcinoma of the oesophagus. PMID- 6234395 TI - An analytic approach to resolving problems in medical ethics. AB - Education in ethics among practising professionals should provide a systematic procedure for resolving moral problems. A method for such decision-making is outlined using the two classical orientations in moral philosophy, teleology and deontology. Teleological views such as utilitarianism resolve moral dilemmas by calculating the excess of good over harm expected to be produced by each feasible alternative for action. The deontological view focuses on rights, duties, and principles of justice. Both methods are used to resolve the 1971 Johns Hopkins case of a baby born with Down's syndrome and duodenal atresia. PMID- 6234396 TI - Ethical dilemmas in clinical genetics. AB - This paper discusses the results of a survey of medical and paramedical opinion relating to various difficult ethical issues in clinical genetics. These include the confidentiality of the doctor-patient relationship, prenatal diagnosis and termination, and Huntington's chorea. It is suggested that this method provides a useful means of assessing what is ethically acceptable in contemporary society. PMID- 6234397 TI - Killing and allowing to die in medical practice. AB - This paper examines some of the issues related to the distinction between acts and omissions. It discusses the difficulties involved in deciding whether there is any moral significance in this distinction, particularly when it is applied to cases which involve killing or allowing to die. The paper shows how this problem relates to some of the current issues in medical ethics. It examines the issues raised by the widely publicised cases of selective treatment of handicapped children and argues that such decisions are taken and have to be taken in the context of wider ethical theories. PMID- 6234398 TI - Effect of anergy on short-lived suppressor cells in patients with cirrhosis or peripheral vascular disease. AB - In order to determine whether or not abnormal suppressor cell function correlates with the absence of a delayed hypersensitivity reaction (DHR) in anergic patients, Con A reactivity and the short-lived suppressor cell activity of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) were studied in 4 groups of patients: (1) Those with peripheral vascular disease (PVD) who reacted with a normal DHR to the intradermal injection of one or more recall antigens; (2) patients with PVD who did not respond with a DHR to any of these antigens; (3) patients with alcohol related cirrhosis and normal DHR; and (4) cirrhotics who showed no DHR. The data for both short-lived suppressor cell activity and Con A reactivity were not significantly different between anergic patients, patients with normal DHR, and a group of normal controls. Although cirrhotic patients have been reported to show abnormalities in cellular immunity, short-lived suppressor cell activity and Con A reactivity were not significantly different between cirrhotics with normal DHR, PVD patients with normal DHR, and normal controls. PMID- 6234399 TI - Effects of antithyroid drugs on Con A-induced suppressor cell activity. AB - It is well established that Concanavalin A (Con A)-induced human peripheral blood lymphocytes exert suppressive effects on mitogen-induced proliferation of responder cells. Using peripheral blood lymphocytes from healthy individuals, effects of antithyroid drugs on Con A-induced suppressor function were studied. We found an enhancement of Con A-stimulated suppressor activity by MMI and PTU in all these subjects. In the light of these data, an enhancement in suppressor activity by antithyroid drugs may contribute, in part, to a remission of Graves' disease. PMID- 6234400 TI - Removal of a terminator structure by RNA processing regulates int gene expression. AB - The int gene of phage lambda encodes a protein involved in site-specific recombination. Its expression is regulated differentially during successive phases of the lambda infective cycle. The gene is transcribed early after infection from one promoter, pL, and later from a second promoter pI. Each transcription event requires different positive activation factors, lambda N and cII proteins, respectively. Transcription from the pI promoter, located adjacent to int, passes through int and terminates 277 nucleotides beyond int at tI. Polymerases initiating at pL transcribe through tI and into the b segment of lambda DNA. The read-through pL transcript is sensitive to cleavage by the endonuclease, RNase III, both in vivo and in vitro. Two specific cuts are made by RNase III in a double-stranded structure about 260 nucleotides beyond int in the location of the tI terminator. Functionally, the processed pL transcript is unable to synthesize the int gene product, whereas the terminated and unprocessed pI transcript expresses int. Interestingly, unprocessed pL transcripts made in hosts defective in RNase III (rnc-) can express int. Thus a correlation exists between processing and negative control of int expression. The place where processing occurs, some 260 nucleotides beyond int, is called sib, and the control of int expression from this site is called retroregulation. Retroregulation by sib is not restricted just to the int gene; we show that if the sib site is cloned beyond a bacterial gene, the gene is controlled by sib and RNase III. Specific models are discussed with respect to control of gene expression by RNase III from a site beyond the controlled gene. PMID- 6234401 TI - Three-dimensional characteristics of the intramyocardial microvasculature of hypertrophied human hearts. AB - The three-dimensional architecture of the intramyocardial microvasculature was demonstrated in hypertrophied human hearts using Evan's method: scanning electron microscopic observation of the cardiac muscle chemically digested by hydrochloric acid and collagenase. Twenty autopsied hearts, which had already been fixed in 10% formalin, were investigated, including 17 hypertrophied hearts (mean cardiac weight, 587 g) and three control hearts (mean cardiac weight, 238 g). The luminal surfaces of the arterioles were characterized by the coiled arrangement of their smooth muscle cells. The structure of these vessels was not significantly different in hypertrophied and normal hearts. The capillaries showed great changes in the hypertrophied muscle: capillaries running on the body of the myofibres, in loop form on disorganized myofibres, and protruding into myofibres and/or probably penetrating through them. These features indicated an increase in the ratio of capillary/myofibre in hypertrophied human hearts. In hypertrophied hearts the venules had a more developed system than normal hearts, but without change in their basic architecture. PMID- 6234402 TI - Toxicity of oxygen radicals in cultured pulmonary endothelial cells. AB - Superoxide dismutase and catalase, which catalytically remove O-2 and H2O2, respectively, each separately protected cultured pulmonary artery endothelial cells from loss of membrane integrity after exposure to oxygen radicals generated either cellularly (polymorphonuclear leukocytes) or chemically (dihydroxyfumarate). Nicotinamide, a precursor of nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and an inhibitor of ADP-ribose synthetase, also protected cultured endothelial cells from loss of membrane integrity in a concentration dependent manner after exposure to DHF. PMID- 6234403 TI - Electrocardiographic studies in the patients of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. PMID- 6234404 TI - Pulmonary veno-occlusive disease in an elderly man: case report and review of the literature. AB - A 75-year-old man complaining of dyspnea and having sings of postcapillary pulmonary hypertension was diagnosed as pulmonary veno-occlusive disease and confirmed at autopsy. This is the oldest case ever reported. Almost all the small veins 2 mm or less in external diameter were partially or nearly completely occluded by intimal fibrous tissue, and the obstructive changes in the pulmonary arteries were much more limited. Pulmonary veno-occlusive disease is a rare, almost inevitably fatal disease of unknown etiology which has only recently been separated clearly from primary pulmonary hypertension as a distinct entity. Chest roentgenogram finding suggesting postcapillary pulmonary hypertension is a clue to a diagnosis and differentiates this from two other causes of clinical primary pulmonary hypertension, that is, recurrent pulmonary embolism and plexogenic pulmonary arteriopathy. PMID- 6234405 TI - [Regional differences of circulation, ventilation and perfusion demonstrated by 133Xe and 99mTc-MAA before and after surgery]. PMID- 6234406 TI - Changes in cardiac myofibrillar ATPase activity during development of hyperthyroidism in the rabbit. AB - This study examined changes in cardiac myofibrillar ATPase activity during the development of hyperthyroidism and the relationships between changes in myofibrillar ATPase activity and hemodynamic parameters in rabbits. Calcium stimulated, magnesium-dependent ATPase (Ca-ATPase) activity of cardiac myofibrils exhibited about a 30% increase after the first week of treatment with excess desiccated thyroid tissue powder (thyroid-treatment) and did not show further increase during thyroid-treatment. Development of cardiac hypertrophy and increases in systolic and diastolic blood pressure were dependent upon prolonged periods of thyroid-treatment lasting from 3 days to 4 weeks, whereas the maximal increase (about 55%) in heart rate was seen after the first week of thyroid treatment. The elevated level lasted throughout subsequent thyroid-treatment. Lineweaver-Burk plots showed an increase in Km and Vmax values for Ca-ATPase activity of myofibrillar preparation from the thyrotoxic hearts of treated animals. Increased Ca-ATPase activity was correlated with thyroid-induced changes in heart rate. Propranolol partially reduced the thyroid-induced increase in Ca ATPase activity and heart rate, suggesting participation of beta-adrenoceptors in the thyroid-induced increases of Ca-ATPase activity and heart rate. PMID- 6234407 TI - Right pulmonary artery--left atrial communication. A case report and literature review. AB - A 22-month-old girl with Down's syndrome with a direct communication between the right pulmonary artery and left atrium leading to systemic desaturation is presented. She also had an atrial septal defect of the secondum type, which spontaneously closed. She underwent successful ligation of the abnormal communication. The literature is reviewed and, considering the high incidence of cerebral and systemic emboli, early surgical intervention is recommended. PMID- 6234409 TI - [Studies on airway reversibility test by ipratropium bromide (Sch 1000) inhalation using partial and maximum expiratory flow-volume curve]. PMID- 6234408 TI - [Studies on Lp(a) lipoprotein (I)--preparation of Lp(a) specific antisera and frequency distributions of Lp(a) concentration in Japanese]. PMID- 6234410 TI - [A case of hemangiopericytoma of the lung with calcification]. PMID- 6234411 TI - [Two cases of bone metastases from primary hepatoma]. PMID- 6234412 TI - [A case report of Budd-Chiari syndrome treated by percutaneous transluminal angioplasty]. PMID- 6234413 TI - [Immunohistochemical study of the localization of deoxyribonuclease I and ribonuclease A in epidermal keratinocytes]. PMID- 6234414 TI - [Current status and problems of artificial organs. 11. Sensory prosthesis and sensory substitution systems]. PMID- 6234415 TI - [Gene frequencies of ABO, MN, PGM1 and PGD types detected in the frozen blood clots from the school pupils in Chiang Mai, Thailand]. PMID- 6234416 TI - [Isozyme typing of minute amounts of biological materials. I. Isozyme typing of human hair follicle, skin and adipose tissues]. PMID- 6234417 TI - [Isozyme typing of minute amounts of biological materials. II. Isozyme typing of human tissue debris found on motor vehicles and at crime scenes]. PMID- 6234418 TI - [Questions and answers on rehabilitation. 2. Definition of the "acceptance of disability"]. PMID- 6234419 TI - [Bioethics seminar. 5. Attempts at paired living arrangement for the handicapped]. PMID- 6234420 TI - Photodynamic effects of exposure to hematoporphyrin derivatives and dye-laser radiation on human gastric adenocarcinoma cells. AB - The phototoxicity of hematoporphyrin derivatives (HPD) and dye-laser radiation on adenocarcinoma cells of the human stomach was examined by light and electron microscopy. Adenocarcinoma cells were obtained from human stomach tissue by endoscopic biopsy. The cells were incubated for 5 minutes in the patient's own serum that contained 0.6 mg HPD/ml and then were exposed to dye-laser radiation at 630 nm at an irradiance of 15 mW/cm2. Electron microscopy showed that cytotoxicity was mediated by mitochondrial damage, dilatation of the rough endoplasmic reticulum, and alterations of the nuclear membrane. The degenerative changes were greater and more frequent in poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma cells than in well-differentiated ones. No marked temperature rise was detected during irradiation. Neither the dye alone nor light alone had any effect. A singlet oxygen-trapping agent, 1,3-diphenylisobenzofuran, prevented adenocarcinoma cell degeneration that otherwise would result from exposure to HPD and dye-laser radiation. Thus singlet oxygen may be the cytotoxic agent in this system. PMID- 6234421 TI - T cell subset modulation of immunoglobulin production in IgA nephropathy and membranous glomerulonephritis. AB - Monoclonal antibodies directed against T cell subset antigens have been used to deplete peripheral blood human mononuclear cells from helper (OKT4+) and suppressor/cytotoxic (OKT8+) cells. Unfractionated cells and depleted cells were assayed for their capacity to modulate pokeweed mitogen (PWM)-driven IgG, IgA, and IgM production by autologous B lymphocytes. Immunoglobulin production in the presence of these various cell preparations paralleled the OKT4+/OKT8+ ratio defining the population. Importantly, there was no clear relationship between the level of PWM-driven Ig production by unfractionated cells and their initial relative content in OKT4+ and OKT8+ cells. Patients with IgA nephropathy and membranous glomerulonephritis showed a statistically significant increase of OKT4+/OKT8+ ratio, suggestive of suppressor T cell deficiency. There was no increase in IgA production in patients with IgA nephropathy, even in those showing high serum IgA level. A special feature found in patients with IgA nephropathy, irrespective of OKT4+/OKT8+ ratio in unfractionated cells, was a particularly intense enhancement of IgA production after OKT8+ cell depletion in some of the patients, contrasting with a particularly low effect of such depletion on the synthesis of all Ig classes in other patients. In patients with membranous glomerulonephritis there was no obvious abnormality in the modulation of Ig production by T cell subsets, with the exception of a weak suppressor activity with respect only to IgM production in a significant number of patients. PMID- 6234422 TI - Effect of end-stage renal disease on responsiveness to calmodulin and thyroid hormone of calcium-ATPase in human red blood cells. AB - Red blood cell membrane Ca2+-ATPase, a calcium-pump-associated enzyme, has been studied in a series of 10 patients with ESRD and in a group of normal volunteers. Basal enzyme activity was significantly reduced in cells from ESRD patients (0.189 +/- 0.018 vs. controls, 0.274 +/- 0.021 mumoles of Pi per milligram of membrane protein per 90 min; P less than 0.001). Calcium efflux from intact red cells, a functional correlate of Ca2+-ATPase activity, was also decreased in ESRD patients. Normal erythrocytes have recently been shown to have membrane Ca2+ ATPase activity that can be stimulated in vitro by physiologic concentrations of thyroid hormone (10(-10) M). In the present studies, ESRD red cell membrane Ca2+ ATPase activity was found to be unresponsive to thyroid hormone. In addition, calcium efflux from intact ESRD cells, in contrast to normal red cells, could not be stimulated by thyroid hormone. ESRD membrane Ca2+-ATPase was also poorly responsive in vitro to purified calmodulin, the activator protein of the enzyme. This reduction in activity of Ca2+-ATPase in ESRD red cells is similar to previously described alterations in sodium-potassium-ATPase, another membrane linked cation pump. PMID- 6234423 TI - Nutrition, immunology, and renal disease. AB - The effects of disturbances of nutrition and renal function (e.g., uremia) on immune function have been compared. The two disturbances share many common effects, and it seems likely that some of the abnormalities in cell-mediated immunity in uremia may be the result of depletion or deprivation of essential nutrients (e.g., protein, zinc, pyridoxine). Ample evidence is also available to incriminate the emergence of a family of immunoregulatory lipoproteins (and perhaps other endogenous uremic toxins) in the pathogenesis of the disordered immune function in uremia. Finally, depletion of other specific dietary constituents (e.g., calories, fatty acids, phosphate) may also have profound effects on the immunologic or mediator systems involved in the pathogenesis of glomerulonephritis. Exploitation of these dietary manipulations may permit modulation of the natural history of these diseases. PMID- 6234424 TI - [Endoscopic cholecystostomy with external biliodigestive shunt in the treatment of patients with obstructive jaundice of tumor origin]. PMID- 6234425 TI - [New method of treating clotted hemothorax]. PMID- 6234426 TI - [Factors determining the selection of surgical approaches to the upper urinary tract of infants]. PMID- 6234427 TI - [Complex biochemical analysis of cicatricial connective tissue after implantation of the synthetic Bulgarian antimicrobial polyamide sheet into the abdominal wall of rabbits]. PMID- 6234428 TI - [Clinical use of atrovent]. PMID- 6234429 TI - [Possibilities and limitations of laparoscopy]. PMID- 6234431 TI - An anatomic and biomechanic approach to low back health. A preventive approach. PMID- 6234430 TI - Tay-Sachs disease heterozygote detection in Brazil: comparison between tears and leukocytes as beta-hexosaminidase A source. AB - Hexosaminidase A activities were determined in tears and peripheral leukocytes of carriers and noncarriers for Tay-Sachs Disease (TSD) as a percentage of total hexosaminidase activity. Correlation between enzyme activities in tears and leukocytes was highly significant (r = 0.75, p less than 0.01). Compared to leukocytes, screening in tears revealed 100% sensitivity, 100% negative predictive value, 86% specificity and 80% positive predictive value. These results indicate that tears are a satisfactory material for mass-screening of TSD carrier state, but positive results must be confirmed in peripheral leukocytes. Seven heterozygotes were detected among 298 young Ashkenazi Jewish volunteers screened, giving an adjusted frequency of the TSD gene of 0.024. PMID- 6234432 TI - Pharmacologic inhibition of scar contracture of intracardiac prosthetic patches. AB - Significant fibrosis and contracture often cause complications of pericardial and Dacron grafts within the heart. Both continue to be utilized because more suitable materials are unavailable. Newer prosthetic materials and the administration of drugs that might minimize intracardiac fibrosis and contracture after implantation were studied. Measured patches of three prosthetic materials were implanted into the right atrium of 18 dogs: 6 with expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE or Gore-Tex--W. L. Gore & Associates, Elkton, Md.), 6 with glutaraldehyde-preserved bovine pericardium, and 6 with Dacron patches. The animals were sacrificed after 8 weeks and gross and microscopic pathologic examinations were performed. The patch materials did not intrinsically shrink but all demonstrated marked distortion from the growth of surrounding scar tissue. In a fourth group of eight dogs with intraatrial Dacron patches, four were treated for 8 weeks with oral 3-aminopropionitrile fumarate, and four were not treated. A blinded observed evaluated the adhesions on a scale of 0 = no adhesions or patch distortion, to 4 = dense adhesions with marked distortion of the patches. The untreated dogs had dense adhesions of the lung and pericardium and the patches were encased in scar tissue with marked distortion. The average score was 3.5. The treated dogs had only minimal pleural adhesions and only a thin neointimal covering of the patch with virtually no distortion. The average score was 1.0 (P = 0.0032). The tensile strength of the healed atriotomies was evaluated with stress testing. The intact atrial wall ruptured at a force of 2.60 +/- 0.37 kg/m/sec2, the untreated atriotomy wound at 2.38 +/- 0.18 kg/m/sec2, and the treated atriotomy wound at 2.60 +/- 0.17 kg/m/sec2. There was no statistically significant difference among these groups. No other side effects of the 3 aminopropionitrile fumarate were noted, with only a single superficial wound infection caused by early postoperative trauma. Pharmacologic inhibition of scar formation minimized distortion and contracture of intracardiac prosthetic patches and decreased adhesions. Though further experimental evaluations are necessary, prolonged low-dose oral administration of beta-aminoproprionitrile (BAPN) may be beneficial in preventing complications of prosthetic implants and reoperative cardiac surgery in children. PMID- 6234433 TI - Global left ventricular contractility in three models of hypertrophy evaluated with Emax. AB - Using the load independent contractility index, end-systolic pressure-volume ratio (Emax), contractility of the hypertrophied left ventricle (LV) from three different models was evaluated in conscious, resting dogs. The experimental animals included 12 dogs with perinephritic hypertension (HYP) (aortic diastolic pressure 130 +/- 5 mm Hg), 12 dogs who underwent aortic banding (AOB) at 6 to 8 weeks of age (resting aortic gradient 110 +/- 15 mm Hg), and 12 dogs with chronic fluid overload from aortocaval fistula (ACF). These were compared with 12 normal dogs (CTL). LV dimension and pressure were measured with ultrasonic tranducers and micromanometers. All three models resulted in hypertrophy with significant (P less than 0.01) increase in LV weight-to-body weight ratio (6.3 +/- 0.4, 8.4 +/- 0.5, 6.3 +/- 0.4, respectively, vs 4.4 +/- 0.1 g/kg). Cardiac output (6908 +/- 740 vs 2424 +/- 276 ml/min) and end-diastolic volume (118 +/- 11 vs 50 +/- 4 ml) were significantly (P less than 0.01) increased in AOB (18 +/- 1 vs 9 +/- 2 mm Hg). dp/dtmax was not significantly different among all groups. Emax (CTL = 5.3 +/- 0.4 mm Hg/ml) was not significantly changed in HYP (9.5 +/- 2.1) but was significantly (P less than 0.01) increased in AOB (14.1 +/- 2.6), and significantly (P less than 0.01) depressed in ACF (2.4 +/- .03). Thus, LV hypertrophy from systemic hypertension (HYP) or proximal aortic hypertension (AOB) is, at least initially, associated with preservation of contractility and normal hemodynamic performance.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6234434 TI - Treatment of advanced invasive cervical cancer: changing times and trends. AB - A retrospective analysis of the treatment results and complications in 140 patients with advanced (Stage IIB or more) invasive cervical cancer treated at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine (AECOM) from 1962-1970 and the State University of New York at Buffalo (SUNYAB) from 1974-1982 is the subject of this report. All patients were clinically staged and received external pelvic radiotherapy followed by one to two intracavitary radium insertions, and those with histologically proven positive para-aortic nodes received on additional 4,500 to 5,000 rads to the para-aortic areas. Forty-four patients had pretherapy surgical staging (26 transperitoneal, 18 extraperitoneal). In the clinical staging group, a survival time of 5 years or longer was attained in 22 of 39 patients (56%); with Stage IIB, 11 of 30 patients (37%) with Stage IIIA, two of 13 patients with Stage IIIB and two of 12 patients with Stage IVA disease. Of 26 patients staged via transperitoneal approach, two survived more than 5 years and three others were alive at last contact (after more than 3 years follow-up). The last 18 patients have been subjected to laparoscopy and retroperitoneal pelvic and para-aortic node biopsies followed by tailored radiotherapy with [12] or without [6] chemotherapy. Chemotherapy consisted of alternating weekly courses of vincristine and bleomycin and hydroxyurea. Mitomycin-C was added to this regimen at the conclusion of the course of radiotherapy. Only one patient developed a vesicovaginal fistula. At last contact, seven patients in the combined therapy group were alive and free of disease. Combined therapy following extraperitoneal surgical staging appears to be feasible and justifiable. It deserves further trials in larger series. PMID- 6234435 TI - A simple force transducer flow meter system suitable for the Langendorff heart preparation. AB - This paper describes the construction of a simple flow meter for use in preparations such as the Langendorff heart. It enables perfusion of the test tissue to be performed at constant pressure, with the signal produced being immediately compatible with the Ormed range of recording equipment. It requires only simple electronics, without integrators or frequency counters, to produce an average flow rate value over 30-second intervals. Since it is positioned beneath the preparation, it is not susceptible to retrograde flow effects; it is also designed to produce no back pressure. Comparison is made between the device and several other commercially available products. Details are also given of a two channel system, with minimal components, not requiring an amplifier section. The main aim with the device has been to keep the design simple but adequate. PMID- 6234436 TI - Enzymic editing mechanisms and the origin of biological information transfer. AB - Current knowledge of enzymic editing mechanisms in DNA replication, transcription and translation can be used to predict error rates in the absence of editing. Primitive enzymes which possessed synthetic activity but not yet editing mechanisms would have had extremely high error rates resulting in heterogeneous proteins. Based on present knowledge of molecular biology and biochemistry, it is concluded that the evolution of contemporary information transfer systems from primitive systems lacking such editing mechanisms remains an unsolved problem in theoretical biology. PMID- 6234437 TI - The surgical anatomy of hypoplasia of aortic tract complex. AB - The surgical anatomy of 230 hearts with hypoplasia of the aortic tract complex or the hypoplastic left heart syndrome is described in detail. Recent work has indicated that this may be an operable entity. There were 105 hearts with aortic atresia and mitral stenosis, 95 hearts with aortic and mitral atresia, and 30 hearts with severe aortic and mitral stenosis. Special emphasis is given to the right atrium, right ventricle, and sizes of the ascending and transverse aorta. Attention is called to the pathological changes in the tricuspid orifice and valve and in the ventricular septum. It was of interest that many of the hearts had only a patent foramen ovale rather than a distinct atrial septal defect. In addition, the atrial septum was abnormally formed. The anatomic data presented may be of surgical import. Hypoplasia of the aortic tract complexes may be variations of premature narrowing of foramen ovale. PMID- 6234438 TI - Metabolic and contractile function enhancement during rat heart postnatal development. AB - Enhanced cardiac contractile function during the early post-birth period is a mammalian characteristic; however, concurrent metabolic measurements have not been systematically carried out. To define heart postnatal development, left ventricular pressure and rate of left ventricular pressure development (dP/dt) were measured in rats at 3, 5, 7, and 9 weeks post birth. When functional measurements were completed, the heart was excised, weighed, and tissue samples were used for chemical and/or enzymatic analyses. Left ventricular weight increased approximately 5-fold over the period studied, but was outstripped by 8 fold increases in body weight. Left ventricular DNA content increased dramatically between 3 weeks and 7 weeks post birth, then stabilized between 7 and 9 weeks post birth. Minor fluctuations in phosphofructokinase and lactate dehydrogenase enzyme activities suggest that glycolytic and anaerobic metabolisms undergo relatively small alterations as normal growth and development transpire. In contrast, enzymatic indices of aerobic metabolism (citrate synthase and malate dehydrogenase) were augmented approximately 6-fold without significant change in specific enzyme activity in purified mitochondria. Thus, mitochondria accumulated more rapidly than left ventricular tissue during heart growth. Magnesium stimulated, myofibrillar ATPase enzyme activity approximately doubled over the intervening time between 3 weeks and 9 weeks post birth. Heart contractile function is augmented during normal growth roughly in parallel with increases in cell numbers, mitochondrial mass, and myofibrillar ATPase activity. PMID- 6234439 TI - Blood flow and blood velocity measurement in vivo by electromagnetic induction. PMID- 6234440 TI - [Fenoterol, ipratropium bromide and their combination in bronchial asthma]. PMID- 6234441 TI - [Hemolytic anemias induced by drugs]. PMID- 6234442 TI - [Mixed cryoglobulinemia and circulating immune complexes]. PMID- 6234443 TI - [Congenital cutis laxa]. AB - A case of connatal flabby skin or generalized dermatochalasia without genetical familial background is presented. The cutaneous clinic is striking to which pulmonary emphysema with overcharge of the right heart is added. By optical and electronic microscopy the characters of elastic fibers are studied which show diminished with orceing with a normal microfibrilar component lacking the amorphous element or elastine with the electronic microscope. The formation of the dense normal element also appears compromized . PMID- 6234444 TI - [Epidemiologic study of contact sensitivity from 1980 to 1982 in Costa Rica]. AB - The results are shown in the research on 200 patients who were selected from a total of 6,776 patients with skin pathology from all over the country during a twenty-eight-month period, and who were assisted at the Occupational Dermatology Service of the Instituto Nacional de Seguros (INS) in San Jose, Costa Rica. Only one case of hiperergic reaction was reported in a patient in clinical remission after a three-month period under control. However, this reaction was caused by different compounds, and after the patient had changed his work environment. PMID- 6234445 TI - [The man behind the syndrome: John Down. He has cleared the way for clinical chromosome research]. PMID- 6234447 TI - [Dermatoses characteristics for particular occupations. II. Health services and various other services]. AB - The period after which skin changes appear is discussed, as well as localisation of their earliest appearance and allergens characteristic for physicians, dentists, nurses, veterinary surgeons and assistants, photographers and hair- dressers . Photographes handling coloured developers were found to be more exposed to dermatosis than those handling black and white ones. Ladies' hair- dressers suffer more frequently than gentelmen 's and nurses coming into contact with antibiotics and disinfectants are more exposed than other nurses. PMID- 6234446 TI - Excitotoxic models for neurodegenerative disorders. AB - In recent years, considerable interest has been shown in the neurotoxin properties of excitatory amino acids and their possible relevance for the study of human neurodegenerative disorders. The term "excitotoxin" has been coined for a family of acidic amino acids which are neuroexcitants and produce a characteristic type of "axon-sparing" neuronal lesion. Intracerebral infusions of kainic and ibotenic acids, the two most commonly used excitotoxins, result in a morphological and biochemical picture in experimental animals which resembles that observed in the brains of Huntington's disease and epilepsy victims. The emergence of such animal models for neurodegenerative disorders has led to the hypothesis that endogenous excitotoxins may exist which are linked to the pathogenesis of human diseases. The most promising candidate discovered so far is quinolinic acid, a hepatic tryptophan metabolite which has recently also been found to occur in brain tissue. The particular excitotoxic properties of quinolinic acid warrant a thorough investigation of its metabolic and synaptic disposition in normal and abnormal brain function. While little is known about the mechanisms by which excitotoxins cause selective neuronal death, most current speculations propose the participation of specific synaptic receptors for acidic amino acids. The recent development of selective antagonists of such receptors has aided in the elucidation of excitotoxic mechanisms. Although a biochemical link between endogenous excitotoxins and human neurodegenerative disorders remains elusive at present, pharmacological blockade of excitotoxicity may constitute a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of these disease states. PMID- 6234448 TI - Sequential stages of parental adjustment to the birth of a child with handicaps: fact or artifact? PMID- 6234449 TI - Structure and function of the repressor of bacteriophage lambda. II. Isolation and characterization of a lambda mutant which produces repressor having higher affinity for operators. AB - By mutagenizing a lambda cIts (lambda cI857) lysogen, a lambda mutant has been isolated with a wild-type phenotype. This mutant phage lysogenizes with low efficiency and produces a low burst. Though the initial rates of repressor synthesis in Escherichia coli after infection with wild-type and mutant lambda are the same, the maximum level of repressor that is synthesized in the latter case is only about 30% of that synthesized in the former. Virulent lambda plates on the lysogen of mutant lambda with slightly less efficiency producing very tiny plaques. Operator-binding studies made in vitro with purified mutant and wild type repressors show that the binding curve of the former repressor is a rectangular hyperbola while that of the latter is sigmoid. The half-lives of the complexes of mutant and wild-type repressors with right operator are 133 and 27 min, respectively. All these results suggest that the mutant repressor possibly has a higher affinity for the operators. This mutant has been named lambda cIha (ha = high affinity). PMID- 6234450 TI - Mucosal immunoregulation: environmental lipopolysaccharide and GALT T lymphocytes regulate the IgA response. AB - In this review, we have emphasized: 1) bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) involvement in IgA responses to orally administered thymic-dependent (TD) antigens; 2) characterization of Peyer's patch (PP) lymphoreticular cells; and 3) gastrointestinal immunization with gram negative pathogens and anti-LPS immunity to infection. Gut LPS, which interacts with PP lymphoreticular cells, is a major determinant for host responses to orally administered TD antigens. Bacteroides species are the principal microflora present in the gastrointestinal tract and our studies with phenol-water LPS extracts from Bacteroides fragilis indicate that both polysaccharide and lipid A activate lymphoreticular cells. The B. fragilis lipid A moiety, like that derived from E. coli and Salmonella LPS, induces B cell mitogenic responses in cultures from LPS responsive mice, but does not stimulate C3H/ H3J B cells. The inability of lipid A to stimulate gut associated lymphoreticular tissue (GALT) cells of C3H/HeJ mice results in the induction of greater T helper cell activity in this tissue in response to orally administered TD antigens and ultimately results in an elevated IgA response pattern. Murine PP contain accessory cells (approximately 1% dendritic cells and 6-8% macrophages) and lymphocytes T (35-38%) and B (40-42%). Recent studies with antigen-specific T cell clones from C3H/ H3J PP have resulted in the isolation of IgA isotype-specific T helper cells (PP Th A cells). PP Th A cells are antigen specific, bear Fc alpha receptors, and require H-2 histocompatibility with B cells for helper activity. PP Th A cells most effectively collaborate with surface IgA (sIgA)-bearing B cells (IgA committed B cells) for IgA isotype responses. Other studies have shown that PP dendritic cells and T cells form clusters when stimulated in vitro with sodium periodate and that these clusters promote polyclonal IgA responses in B cell cultures. Polyclonal IgA responses in cultures containing PP cell clusters from C3H/ H3J mice are considerably higher than those in identical cultures from LPS responsive mice. In other studies, the environmental influence on GALT B cells and their resultant commitment to IgA isotype is under investigation. CBA/N, X-linked immunodeficient (xid) mice possess an immature splenic B cell population which cannot respond to thymic independent class-2 (TI-2) or certain TD antigens. However, GALT B cells of xid mice possess a mature Lyb-5+ B cell subpopulation capable of both TI-2 and TD responses.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6234451 TI - Lumbar laminectomy. Experience in 228 consecutive cases. PMID- 6234452 TI - [Hepatic glycolytic intermediates and glucoregulatory enzymes in septic shock due to peritonitis: experimental study in rats]. AB - The hypoglycemia in septic shock due to peritonitis indicates deranged carbohydrate metabolism. To determine if this metabolic failure could be attributed to changes of glucoregulatory enzymes and glycolytic intermediates, activities and changes of these substances in septic shock have been studied in rats. Liver tissue was sampled 5 hours after induction of peritonitis by cecal incision in fasted male rats. Hepatic glycolytic intermediates were assayed by UV spectrophotometry. Peritonitis caused 33% decrease in glucose-6-phosphate (G6P), a 2.5 fold increase in fructose-1,6-diphosphate (FDP) and a 3.5 fold increase in lactate. Phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) levels did not show a significant increase in peritonitis. We investigated activities of glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase), fructose-1,6-diphosphatase (FDPase), phosphofructokinase ( PFKase ) and pyruvate kinase ( PKase ) in mitochondria-free supernatants from rat liver homogenates. Tissue was sampled 5 hours after induction of peritonitis by cecal incision. Assays were conducted at optimal substrate levels at pH 7.4; NADH charges produced by coupled reactions were determined by UV-spectrophotometry. A significant increase of PFKase and PKase specific activity was observed. These changes were consistent with stimulated glycolysis. For gluconeogenesis to achieve maximum efficiency it would be necessary to inhibit PFKase and PKase completely. PMID- 6234453 TI - Evidence for a specific phosphoryl binding site in swine kidney phosphofructokinase. AB - Phosphofructokinase (PFK) from swine kidney was purified by a procedure which included affinity chromatography on Cibacron blue F3GA-Sepharose 4B and ATP Sepharose 4B columns in order to examine its binding properties. The homogeneous enzyme was purified more than 3000-fold with a yield of 30% and it had a specific activity of 39.8 mumol/min/mg of protein at 25 degrees C. The molecular weight of the native enzyme was 360 000 and it contained 4 identical subunits of molecular weight 88 000. The principal catalytically reacting form of the enzyme had a S20,w of 13.7 S which corresponds to a molecular weight of 360 000 +/- 6 000. The initial velocity patterns in the forward and reverse directions suggested a sequential mechanism for the reaction. The Km values for fructose 6-phosphate, ATP, fructose, 1,6-bisP and ADP were 33 microM, 8.3 microM, 460 microM and 110 microM, respectively. The homogeneous native enzyme binds specifically to phosphoryl groups immobilized in cellulose phosphate columns. ATP and fructose 6 phosphate interacted with the enzyme and decreased its affinity for phosphoryl binding sites. Other metabolites including fructose 1,6-bisP, glucose 6-phosphate and various nucleotides, alone or in various combinations, were ineffective in promoting the dissociation of the enzyme. Allosteric effectors of the enzyme, such as citrate and AMP were also inactive. However, the cooperatively altered the concentration of ATP required to dissociate the enzyme from phosphoryl groups. The bound enzyme was enzymatically inactive. The enzyme was also inactivated when it was treated with pyridoxal 5'-phosphate and reduced with sodium borohydride and the inactive enzyme no longer bound to cellulose phosphate. These effects were not observed when treatment with pyridoxal 5' phosphate was carried out in the presence of fructose 6-phosphate. These observations and the results of similar studies with swine kidney fructose 1,6 bisphosphatase (FBPase) show that both enzymes share the unique property of binding specifically to phosphoryl groups. FBPase interacts through its allosteric AMP binding site and PFK binds through its fructose 6-P binding site. This specific binding of both enzymes through these sites result in the inactivation of PFK and the desensitization of FBPase to allosteric inhibition by AMP. In the unbound state PFK may be active and FBPase can be inhibited by AMP. Taken collectively, these binding effects could play a role in the reciprocal regulation of these enzymes during gluconeogenesis in kidney. PMID- 6234455 TI - Experimental embryology and teratology--its relevance for medical practice. AB - Some main aspects (but by no means all) of the strong relation between experimental embryology and teratology and practical medicine are discussed. As a matter of fact, the spectacular modern tool used in sterility therapeutics--the transfer of preimplantation embryos--has been developed on the basis of a considerable experience in embryo transfer on laboratory animals. Preventive teratological screening, its increasing development is the plausible consequence of the increasing importance of prenatal pathology. The present status of the problem, its real efficiency, some directions of research trying to find more efficient methodologies and some personal opinions as to the perspectives are discussed. PMID- 6234454 TI - Genetic analysis of nucleoside transport in Leishmania donovani. AB - Genetic dissection of nucleoside transport in Leishmania donovani indicates that the insect vector form of these parasites possesses two biochemically distinct nucleoside transport systems. The first transports inosine, guanosine, and formycin B, and the second transports pyrimidine nucleosides and the adenosine analogs, formycin A and tubercidin. Adenosine is transported by both systems. A mutant, FBD5, isolated by virtue of its resistance to growth inhibition by 5 microM formycin B, cannot efficiently transport inosine, guanosine, or formycin B. This cell line is also cross-resistant to growth inhibition by a spectrum of cytotoxic analogs of inosine and guanosine. A second parasite mutant, TUBA5, isolated for its resistance to 20 microM tubercidin, cannot take up from the culture medium radiolabeled tubercidin, formycin A, uridine, cytidine, or thymidine. Both the FBD5 and the TUBA5 cell lines have about a 50% reduced capacity to take up adenosine, indicating that adenosine is transported by both systems. A tubercidin-resistant clonal derivative of FBD5, FBD5-TUB, has acquired the combined biochemical phenotype of each single mutant. The wild-type and mutant cell lines transport purine bases and uracil with equal efficiency. Mutational analysis of the relative growth sensitivities to cytotoxic nucleoside analogs and the selective capacities to take up exogenous radiolabeled nucleosides from the culture medium have enabled us to define genetically the multiplicity and substrate specificities of the nucleoside transport systems in L. donovani promastigotes. PMID- 6234456 TI - Ultrastructural pathology of the adrenal gland in Cushing's syndrome. AB - The ultrastructural pathology of the adrenal glands was studied in fifteen cases of Cushing's syndrome. Some specific features correlated with the pathological aspects of adrenals were found. In the hyperplastic adrenal cortex the cytoplasms contained a rich smooth endoplasmic reticulum and many mitochondria. Increased lipid-pigment complexes were found especially in the compact cells. In adenomas, the clear cells showed large lipid vacuoles; the compact cells presented anisomorphous mitochondria, a well developed smooth endoplasmic reticulum and many pigment bodies. The nuclei of adenomatous cells were irregular, with deep invaginations. In adrenal carcinomas, the pleomorphism of nuclei, nucleoli, mitochondria, and smooth endoplasmic reticulum was more obvious. Absolutely reliable characteristics proving malignancy at ultrastructural level do not, however, exist. The steroidogenic activity of both hyperplastic and tumoral adrenal glands can be assessed using the agranular endoplasmic reticulum and the mitochondria as functional parameters. PMID- 6234457 TI - Clinico-morphological correlative aspects in progressive muscular dystrophy. AB - The author's 15-year experience in the investigation of progressive muscular dystrophy (PMD) is presented. Clinical and paraclinical (biochemical, electromyographical and morphohistochemical) parameters were estimated and correlated in patients with facioscapulohumeral (FSH), Duchenne (D) and limb girdle (LG) types of muscular dystrophy. The value of each kind of investigation was also estimated in the establishment of the anatomoclinical diagnosis of a degenerative muscular affection. PMID- 6234458 TI - Histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis without granulocytic infiltration. AB - About 50 cases of histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis without granulocytic infiltration were published till now. The authors describe the case of a 19-year old patient with the right ear and the right ring finger bitten by squirrel about 40-50 days before the appearance of an axillary homolateral painful lymphadenomegaly and fever. Histopathologic examination of excised lymph nodes showed areas of necrosis, necrobiosis and nodular histiocytosis. Histiocytes were dystrophic or showed evidence of macrophagy. Problems referring to morphogenesis and etiology are discussed. PMID- 6234459 TI - Electronmicroscopic observations on epidermoid (squamous cell) carcinomas of the lung. AB - Five epidermoid (squamous cell) carcinomas of the lung histopathologically diagnosed were ultrastructurally analysed; special attention was given to the poorly differentiated-immature areas of proliferation. Wide intercellular spaces between irregular cytoplasms with protrusions and microvilli, a high incidence of indentations of nuclear membranes, a large amount of nuclear bodies, shape, size and structure anomalies of mitochondria, a great number of desmosomes and of tonofilaments and tonofibril bundles and their relations with desmosomes and with the finger-like cytoplasmic expansions were noticed. A few secretory granules were also present in these poorly differentiated-immature areas of epidermoid carcinomas of the lung. PMID- 6234460 TI - Bilateral trunkal vagotomy (BTV) regarded as a pathogenic process. An experimental study. AB - Experimentally, bilateral trunkal vagotomy (BTV) generated some early acute modifications represented during the first 14 days by blood stasis, partial thrombosis, inflammatory infiltrates and necrobiosis of the gastric mucosa. The vascular lesions are the first to occur, the tissular ones being secondary. Later on, two and three months after surgery, chronic inflammation and metaplasia of the intestinal type have been detected as well. PMID- 6234462 TI - An alternative: armament or health for all by the year 2000. PMID- 6234461 TI - In vitro study of low density lipoprotein--collagen interaction. AB - Possibility of LDL--collagen complex formation was investigated in vitro by biochemical assay and electron microscopy. Types I and III collagen isolated from bovine thoracic aorta were incubated with human low density lipoproteins (LDL) at physiological ionic strength, pH and temperature. Biochemical quantification showed that 10-20 micrograms LDL (cholesterol) were bound per 100 micrograms collagen, binding of type III being slightly more pronounced (17%) than that of type I (11%). Binding was in inversely proportional to the extent of fibrillation. The increase of ionic strength and pH reduced the binding, indicating the electrostatic nature of the interaction. These observations suggest a possible trapping mechanism of LDL in the extracellular matrix by means of collagen, which may be relevant for the development of the atherosclerotic lesions. PMID- 6234463 TI - On the 75th anniversary of Professor Augustin Muresan. PMID- 6234464 TI - Relationships between specialized cells, capillaries and intermediary cytofibrillary elements. XVIIth Note. Biological evolution of the respiratory subsystem in Reptilia. AB - This note continues the XIIth, XVth and XVIth ones concerning the biological evolution of the respiratory subsystem (SS.Rs.) in invertebrates, aquatic vertebrates and amphibians. Author tries to discern some of the factors involved in the passage from Amphibia to Reptilia. The lengthy evolution of embryotrophic mechanisms during this process in the light of the aromorphotic theory (A. N. Sewertsow) and the accelerating form of dyschronism (De Beer) are highlighted. The result of these changes is the formation of a large telolecithal egg endowed with all the embryotrophic reserves needed for the terrestrial evolution, for its acceleration and condensation, through the suppression of the larval stage and of metamorphosis, as well as through the appearance of some new characters. The evolution of the extraembryonic area in Amniota precursors and in Amniota and their homeothermal descendants, both oviparous and viviparous, is also discussed. The succession of respiratory organs is followed up (yolk sac, external branchiae, allantois, placenta) in the light of the organ substitution theory and of the biological stereo-type theory (Marza, Repciuc, Eskenasy). PMID- 6234465 TI - Treatment of penicillin-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae with oral norfloxacin. AB - Norfloxacin, an orally administered quinoline carboxylic acid that is structurally related to nalidixic acid, has been shown to be highly active in vitro against penicillinase-producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Ninety-two men with culture-proved gonococcal urethritis, 46 per cent with penicillinase-producing N. gonorrhoeae, and 27 per cent with non-penicillinase-producing N. gonorrhoeae that was resistant to penicillin were given either 1200 mg of norfloxacin divided into two equal oral doses four hours apart (59 patients) or 2 g of spectinomycin intramuscularly (33 patients). All patients in both treatment groups were cured. No adverse reactions were reported in either group. We conclude that a two-dose, single-day regimen of orally administered norfloxacin is effective therapy for uncomplicated urethritis caused by penicillin-resistant strains of N. gonorrhoeae. PMID- 6234466 TI - Seborrheic dermatitis and butterfly rash in AIDS. PMID- 6234467 TI - The primary immunodeficiencies (1). PMID- 6234468 TI - Non-specific immunosuppression by Cryptococcus neoformans infection. AB - Cryptococcus neoformans-infected animals were found to be immunosuppressed when tested by a variety of assays for immune competence. Primary humoral immune responses and delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions to sheep erythrocytes were suppressed in animals which had been infected for two weeks. Lymphocyte proliferation (LP) assays to sRBC stroma were also significantly diminished at two weeks of infection. Spleen cells of infected mice suppressed the LP response of sRBC immunized, normal mice in vitro. At least a part of the suppression could be attributed to a nylon wool non-adherent cell. Suppressor cells continued to be present in spleen cell suspensions following treatment with anti-T cell serum or anti-immunoglobulin and complement. When infected spleen cells were separated by adherence to plastic, both the adherent and non-adherent fractions exhibited suppressive activity. Incubation of infected spleen cells in tissue culture for 48 hr resulted in the elaboration of soluble immunosuppressive factors into the tissue culture medium. These data indicated that immune suppression in cryptococcosis can occur as a result of infection with Cryptococcus neoformans, and that at least one mechanism involved is the induction of adherent and non adherent suppressor cells in the spleens of infected mice. PMID- 6234469 TI - [Prevention of viral hepatitis B in early infancy--hepatitis B vaccine (HBVac)]. PMID- 6234470 TI - Spinal cord stimulation in the treatment of chronic back and lower extremity pain syndromes. PMID- 6234471 TI - Enhancement of the radiation effect by fibrinolysin and quantitative pattern of the change of tumor radiosensitivity. AB - Radiomodifying action of fibrinolysin was studied during radiation treatment in experimental transplanted tumors. It has been established that the application of fibrinolysin prior to radiation increases the inhibition of the growth rate of Pliss lymphosarcoma and Sarcoma 45, as evidenced by the decrease of the tumor volume, the increase of the dose change factor and the animals survival. PMID- 6234472 TI - Occurrence of induced 6-thioguanine-resistant colonies in synchronized V79 cells after treatment with ftorafur. Effects of the S9 fraction. AB - The capacity of ftorafur to induce resistance to 6-thioguanine in V79 hamster cells was investigated. The treatment conditions were arranged in order to favor the induction of such gene mutations. The synchronous cells were treated in the beginning of S phase, i.e., when the replication of the genes responsible for the expression of resistance to 6-thioguanine took place. Part of the experiments was carried out in presence of the S9 microsomal fraction. The results showed that ftorafur was a weak mutagen after a short-term exposure in the presence of adequate amounts of the S9 fraction. In absence of the S9 fraction or when other than-optimal amounts were used, we repeatedly failed to detect any increase in the occurrence of mutated cells. Also the cytotoxic effects of this substance were investigated. We found that a short-term treatment of V79 hamster cells with lower concentrations of ftorafur resulted in decrease of growth rate, higher concentrations after a short-term treatment were in turn slightly toxic. Long term treatments are, depending on the concentration and time of treatment used, considerably toxic. PMID- 6234473 TI - Autologous immune complex nephritis in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. AB - In order to investigate the influence of diabetes mellitus on immune complex mediated nephritis , we produced Heymann nephritis in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats (DM-HN group) in which the clinical course for 24 weeks and histological changes were examined. Nondiabetic rats with Heymann nephritis (HN group) and diabetic rats (DM group) were also examined as controls. The degree of proteinuria, hypoproteinemia, hyperlipidemia and anemia were more pronounced and the mortality rate was higher in the DM-HN group than in the HN group or in the DM group. Histologically, larger and more subepithelial or intramembranous electron-dense deposits as well as a more markedly thickened glomerular basement membrane (GBM) were observed in the DM-HN group than in the HN group. In conclusion, the nephrotic manifestations and histological changes in the GBM in Heymann nephritis were augmented by the association with diabetes mellitus. PMID- 6234474 TI - Alzheimer's presenile dementia, senile dementia of Alzheimer type and Down's syndrome in middle age form an age related continuum of pathological changes. AB - A loss of nerve cells from the nucleus basalis of Meynert and the locus caeruleus together with a reduction in nucleolar volume in surviving cells was measured in twenty-two patients with Alzheimer's disease who ranged in age from 48-92 years, and in six patients over 50 years of age with Down's syndrome who also showed extensive formation of senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles within their cerebral cortex. When compared with age matched controls the severity of these changes was greatest in the younger patients with Alzheimer's disease, but this fell with age such that by 90 years the level of change in Alzheimer's disease approached that in old age alone. There were only slight differences in the extent of these pathological changes in those patients with Down's syndrome when compared with others of similar age with Alzheimer's disease. It is concluded that the presenile dementia of Alzheimer's disease, the senile dementia of Alzheimer type and Down's syndrome in middle age all form an age-related continuum of pathological change. PMID- 6234475 TI - Bicaudate diameter--the most specific and simple CT parameter in the diagnosis of Huntington's disease. AB - In addition to the neurological findings, the functional capacity of 12 patients with Huntington's disease was evaluated quantitatively according to the Shoulson and Fahn scale [1]. This parameter was related to the following computed tomographic measurements: the greatest distance between the frontal horns (FH), the shortest distance between the heads of the caudate nuclei (bicaudate diameter, CC) and the quotient FH/CC. The ratio of the bicaudate diameter and the external diameter of the skull across the narrowest point of the heads of the caudate nuclei (CC/OTcc) was also used as well as the bicaudate diameter and the maximum internal diameter of the skull (CC/ITmax). The best correlation was found between the bicaudate diameter and functional capacity (r = -0.64, P less than 0.05). All the quotients containing the bicaudate diameter likewise showed a correlation with functional capacity, though to a less marked degree. Thus the bicaudate diameter appears to be the most specific and simple computed tomographic parameter for the differentiation of Huntington's disease from normal states or choreatic syndromes of different origin. PMID- 6234476 TI - Atrophy of sacrospinal muscle groups in patients with chronic, diffusely radiating lumbar back pain. AB - After surgery necessitated by lumbar back pain syndromes, radiolucency verified by CT may appear in the sacrospinal muscle group on the operated side. This radiolucency represents muscular atrophy and is in its most severe form a result of the replacement of muscle tissue with adipose tissue. Such muscular atrophy appeared in the present series in 31 out of all 156 patients (19.9%) and in 29 out of 94 patients operated on because of radiating lumbar back pain (30.9%). The radiological appearance, extent, and HU values of this muscular atrophy are presented in detail. Only weak correlations with the multitude of clinical symptoms and signs were found in this retrospective study. The effects of irreversible muscular atrophy on the indications for surgery and physiotherapy are discussed. PMID- 6234477 TI - Delayed reversal of vertebral artery blood flow following percutaneous transluminal angioplasty for subclavian steal syndrome. AB - Twelve patients suffering from subclavian steal syndrome of various severity due to either proximal subclavian stenoses (10 cases) or subclavian occlusion (2 cases) were treated with percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA). Olbert's dilatation catheters were used. The occlusions could neither be recanalized by the transfemoral nor transaxillary approach. In one right-sided subclavian stenosis an additional distal subclavian occlusion prevented proper placement of the catheter. All the other patients were treated successfully with no re occlusion during a follow-up period of 1 to 7 months. In one patient, a transient embolic occlusion of the finger arteries was seen following post-interventional repeat angiography. Before, during and after PTA, continuous ultrasound monitoring of the homolateral vertebral flow patterns revealed an unexpected "delay" phenomenon. Despite sufficient recanalization of the proximal subclavian artery, the flow direction within the vertebral artery did not immediately change to antegrade but rather did so gradually within 20 s up to several minutes. This delay of flow-reversal is thought to serve as a protective mechanism against cerebral embolism during, and shortly after PTA of the subclavian artery. Relying on Doppler ultrasound findings, a staging of the subclavian steal is proposed in order to allow adequate selection of patients for PTA. PMID- 6234478 TI - Physiologic analysis of the myoclonus of Alzheimer's disease. AB - Ten patients with clinically diagnosed Alzheimer's disease, including three cases of trisomy 21 (Down's syndrome), developed a chronic myoclonic disorder. The technique of jerk-locked averaging of EEG activity was used to analyze the myoclonus. Seven subjects demonstrated a focal, contralateral central, negative cerebral potential antecedent to the myoclonic jerks. This EEG event differs from that previously reported to be associated with the myoclonus of subacute spongiform encephalopathy (Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease). PMID- 6234479 TI - Down's syndrome: is there a decreased population of neurons? AB - Although gross abnormalities have been described in the brains of patients with Down's syndrome (DS), microscopic studies have revealed only minor and inconsistent findings. We compared two DS brains, in whole-brain serial sections, with similarly prepared age- and sex-matched normal controls. Architectonic abnormalities were noted, and cell counts revealed a significant poverty of granular cells in the DS brains, particularly in granular fields such as areas 3, 17, and 41. Golgi studies demonstrated all major cell types. A striking feature of the brain morphology in DS may be the curtailment of a specific cell type, most likely the aspinous stellate. PMID- 6234480 TI - Studies on the pathogenesis of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis. PMID- 6234481 TI - [Uses and limitations of "axillo-femoral and femorofemoral by-passes" studied from the viewpoint of our experience]. PMID- 6234482 TI - Placental steroid sulfatase deficiency: biochemical diagnosis and clinical review. AB - Twenty-three cases of placental steroid sulfatase deficiency are reported. All children were boys who later acquired ichthyosis of the recessive X-linked type. The steroid sulfatase deficiency was present in placental tissue, umbilical cord leucocytes, and cultured skin fibroblasts of affected boys. An antepartum diagnosis can be obtained either by detecting the enzyme deficiency in cultured amniotic fluid cells or by finding an elevated total excretion of androstenetriol , 16 alpha-hydroxy-dehydroepiandrosterone, and 16 alpha-hydroxy-pregnenolone in maternal third-trimester urine. Vaginal delivery was accomplished in 16 patients (70%). No conspicuous pregnancy complications or neonatal problems were noted. However, birth weights tended to be relatively low. Intervention is unnecessary unless other obstetric indications require it. The incidence of this disorder appears to be approximately one per 2000 male births. PMID- 6234483 TI - Retrograde menstruation in healthy women and in patients with endometriosis. AB - Blood was found in the peritoneal fluid in 90% of women with patent tubes at laparoscopy during perimenstrual time. If the fallopian tubes were occluded, then only 15% of patients had evidence of blood in the pelvis. Also, 90% of patients with endometriosis and eight of nine women on oral contraceptives had bloody fluid during the menstrual period. The present observations indicate that retrograde menstruation through the fallopian tubes into the peritoneal cavity is a very common physiologic event in all menstruating women with patent tubes. PMID- 6234484 TI - Bromocriptine response in normoprolactinemic patients with polycystic ovary disease: a preliminary report. AB - Recent work has suggested that a central deficiency or defect of dopamine may contribute significantly to the inappropriate gonadotropin secretion commonly associated with polycystic ovary disease. To evaluate this hypothesis, 2.5 to 5 mg of the dopamine agonist bromocriptine was administered daily to patients with polycystic ovary disease. Prolactin (PRL) levels were normal in all cases and there was no evidence of galactorrhea. All patients had failed to conceive while on clomiphene citrate. Seven patients were treated for a total of nine cycles. Ovulation occurred in four cycles, and two of these patients conceived. In five cycles, no ovulation occurred. Among ovulatory cycles, PRL levels declined, but not to undetectable levels. There was also a periovulatory drop in dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate. Levels of luteinizing hormones rose initially and then dropped to below baseline postovulation. Among anovulatory cycles, PRL fell to undetectable levels and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate was unaffected. Luteinizing hormone levels rose initially and then dropped slightly. In both ovulatory and anovulatory cycles, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels remained low. These preliminary data suggest: 1) bromocriptine appears capable of altering gonadotropin secretion in polycystic ovary disease, and 2) variable results on ovulation in polycystic ovary disease may reflect the diverse etiology of the pathophysiology of polycystic ovary disease and/or choosing inappropriate dosages of bromocriptine. PMID- 6234485 TI - Steroid and gonadotropin secretion in a patient with a 30-year history of virilization due to lipoid-cell ovarian tumor. AB - A 36-year-old woman with a 30-year history of undiagnosed virilizing lipoid-cell ovarian tumor is described. The tumor was localized by the NP-59 scan. Data of extensive investigations of steroid and gonadotropin secretion are provided. The preoperative dynamics of serum dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate and its decrease after the removal of the tumor suggested that dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate was being secreted by the ovarian tumor. Ovarian-peripheral venous gradients for plasma delta 5 and delta 4 steroids were correlated with the in vitro measurements of various steroidogenic enzymatic activities in the tumor tissue. The proposed metabolic pathway of the tumor is as follows: Pregnenolone----17 hydroxypregnenolone----dehydroepiandrosterone---- androstenedione----testosterone ---estradiol. Low basal gonadotropin levels with no discernible pulsatility and no response to gonadotropin-releasing hormone were observed preoperatively, and a gradual normalization in both parameters was observed during the six months after removal of the tumor. PMID- 6234486 TI - Employees' health guarded through work restriction plans. PMID- 6234487 TI - [Cancer atlas of Lower Saxony--possibilities and limitations]. PMID- 6234488 TI - [The physician's duty to inform]. PMID- 6234489 TI - [Expectations of patients from a health resort cure]. PMID- 6234490 TI - [Maternal deaths: socio-demographic characteristics and recommendations for prevention]. PMID- 6234491 TI - [Studies of lead and cadmium exposure in children and adolescents in an area exposed to heavy metals (Stolberg)]. PMID- 6234492 TI - [Evaluation of behavioral problems at the age of school entry using screening questions to parents]. PMID- 6234493 TI - [Tasks of a child and adolescent psychiatrist in a rural public health service]. PMID- 6234494 TI - [Janusz Korczak--physician and educator--a symbol of humanity in action for today's medical and pedagogical practice]. PMID- 6234495 TI - Pigmented conjunctival cysts following tetracycline/minocycline therapy. Histochemical and electron microscopic observations. AB - Unpigmented and pigmented cystic epithelial inclusions were found bilaterally within the lower palpebral conjunctiva temporally of a 31-year-old man. He had a history of tetracycline/minocycline therapy for 14 years because of acne vulgaris. The cysts were studied by light and electron microscopy, histochemistry, and ultraviolet light. By light microscopy the unpigmented cysts contained faintly eosinophilic globular material that disclosed yellowish-green autofluorescence indicating the presence of tetracycline/minocycline. The pigmented cysts revealed laminated eosinophilic to brownish concretions that also showed yellowish-green autofluorescence. Autofluorescence, however, decreased with increasing brown pigmentation of the concretions. Histochemically, the pigment, which failed to show the staining characteristics of lipofuscin, melanin or iron, probably represented an oxidation product of tetracycline. By electron microscopy the cysts contained moderately electron dense amorphous material as well as degenerating epithelial cells. The epithelial cells lining the conjunctival cysts, did not contain membrane-bound, large, pigment granules within their cytoplasm as has been demonstrated in the colloid and follicular epithelium of the thyroid following minocycline therapy. PMID- 6234496 TI - Infective endocarditis: a review and update. AB - Infective (bacterial) endocarditis has presented a "changing face" over the previous years but remains a disease with potentially serious complications. Surveys have indicated that up to 92% of cases of infective endocarditis could be attributed to a dental origin; yet most susceptible persons do not understand their condition or the precautions necessary prior to dental treatment. Up to 80% of infective endocarditis patients received no protection prior to dental or genitourinary manipulation. Dental practitioners, therefore, play an important role in the prevention of this disease and must be familiar with recent developments on the subject. This article provides an in-depth review of the disease and outlines and stresses the dental practitioner's responsibility in its prevention. PMID- 6234497 TI - [Role of sensitization of the body in the mechanism of development of aseptic osteonecrosis of the femur head]. PMID- 6234498 TI - [Educational experimental laboratory as a factor for improving the effectiveness of training in military field surgery]. PMID- 6234499 TI - [21p- chromosome abnormality associated with gonadal dysgenesis]. PMID- 6234500 TI - [Roundabout therapy in speech therapy of developmentally disordered children and adolescents]. PMID- 6234501 TI - A psychophysical analysis of acupuncture analgesia. AB - A psychophysical analysis of acupuncture analgesia was carried out in which low back pain patients made visual analogue scale (VAS) responses both to their chronic pain and to different levels of experimental heat pain (5 sec exposures to 43-51 degrees C) before and after electroacupuncture. VAS (sensory) responses to chronic pain, direct temperature matches to chronic pain, and VAS (sensory) responses to experimental pain were reduced in an internally consistent manner 1 2 h after treatment. The magnitude of this analgesic response was similar for dermatomes within the region of chronic pain and acupuncture needle placement (lower back) as well as for dermatomes remote from needle placement and chronic pain (forearm). Individual patients manifested either (1) a central-inhibitory pattern of analgesia wherein experimental and chronic pain in back regions and experimental pain in forearm regions were reduced, or (2) an origin-specific pattern wherein only the chronic low back pain was reduced. Patients tested several days after treatment all manifested the latter pattern of analgesia. VAS sensory and VAS affective analgesic responses to electroacupuncture treatment showed a delayed onset (1-24 h) to maximum effect and a duration of 10-14 days. Cumulative sensory and affective analgesic effects were observed at the end of 4 months of biweekly acupuncture treatments. The results of this analysis reveal the unique spatial and temporal properties of electroacupuncture analgesia and the extent to which it is mediated by at least two different mechanisms. PMID- 6234502 TI - [Characteristics of the interspecies relationship of flea images based on 5 species (Siphonaptera) infesting meridian gerbils]. AB - Many years of observations (1966-1981) in the southern part of Volga-Ural sands prove interspecific interactions between five species of fleas, specific parasites of Meriones meridianus, following the Gause's principle. The major mechanism for avoiding interspecific competition for the host is a temporal separation of the five species of fleas. During every season of the year, independent of the exchange of one species of fleas by others, their number on the infested host is maintained on the stable level which is regulated by overdispersion of fleas in the host population. PMID- 6234503 TI - [New species of blackfly Wilhelmia talassica sp. n. (Diptera, Simuliidae) from Kirghizia]. AB - A new species of black flies, Wilhelmia talassica Yankovsky, sp. n., is described from northwestern Kirgisia. PMID- 6234504 TI - [Microsporidian Vairimorpha hybomitrae (=Nosema hybomitrae) in gadflies of the genus Hybomitra in Karelia]. AB - A brief description of the species Vairimorpha hybomitrae which earlier was described as Nosema hybomitrae is given. It has two types of sporogony: one--with single thick--walled spores 4.8 +/- 0.13 X 3.63 +/- 0.02 in size, the other--with thin-walled mononuclear oval octospores 2.0-2.4 X 1.5-1.8 enveloped by a pansporoblastic membrane. The species was found in larvae of gadflies of the genus Hybomitra collected in Karelia. PMID- 6234506 TI - American Academy of Pediatrics. Committee on Sports Medicine. Atlantoaxial instability in Down Syndrome. PMID- 6234505 TI - Effects of megavitamin therapy on children with attention deficit disorders. AB - The effectiveness of a megavitamin regimen utilizing a two-stage trial in 41 subjects with attention deficit disorders was studied. Stage 1 was a 3-month clinical trial of vitamins (daily maximum: 3 g of niacinamide and ascorbic acid, 1.2 g of calcium pantothenate, and 0.6 g of pyridoxine). State 2 consisted of four, 6-week, double-blind repeated crossover periods. Twenty-nine per cent of the subjects showed significant behavior improvement during stage 1, and these subjects were used in the double-blind crossover phase of the study to evaluate megavitamin therapy. Using analysis of variance methods for crossover studies, there was no significant difference (P greater than .05) in most behavior scores between children receiving vitamin and those receiving placebo during stage 2. Children exhibited 25% more disruptive classroom behavior when treated with vitamins v placebo (P less than .01). There was no significant difference in serum pyridoxine and ascorbic acid levels between subjects and control subjects. Forty-two per cent of subjects exceeded the upper limits of serum transaminase levels while receiving vitamins. It is concluded that megavitamins are ineffective in the management of attention deficit disorders and should not be utilized because of their potential hepatotoxicity. PMID- 6234507 TI - Cost-benefit analysis of neonatal intensive care for infants weighing less than 1,000 grams at birth. AB - Cost-benefit analysis was performed on the care of 247 infants weighing between 500 and 999 g at birth, admitted to Women and Infants Hospital of Rhode Island between January 1977 and December 1981. The neonatal mortality was 68%. Eighty seven percent of the survivors were evaluated neurodevelopmentally for 1 to 5 years: 74% were normal or minimally impaired, 10% were moderately impaired, and 16% were severely handicapped. Using these data in conjunction with cost information obtained from the hospital and therapeutic care facilities for handicapped children, total lifetime costs for the care of these infants were estimated. In 1982 dollars, present values of costs ranged from $362,992 per survivor for those weighing between 600 and 699 g to $40,647 per survivor for those weighing between 900 and 999 g, resulting in an inverse correlation between cost per survivor and birth weight (P less than .001). We estimated present values of expected lifetime earnings per survivor, with a range of zero earnings for infants between 500 and 699 g, to $77,084 for those with birth weight of 900 to 999 g. It is concluded that from the standpoint of cost-benefit analysis as was used for this study population, neonatal intensive care may not be justifiable for infants weighing less than 900 g at birth. PMID- 6234508 TI - Gastroschisis in a case of dizygotic twins: the possible role of maternal alcohol consumption. PMID- 6234509 TI - Metabolism and concentration of androgenic steroids in the abdominal skin of women with idiopathic hirsutism. AB - The in vitro metabolisms of [4-14C]-labelled DHA, delta 5-diol, delta 4-dione and Test were studied in skin tissue excised from the hairy hypogastric region of three patients diagnosed as suffering from "idiopathic hirsutism". The concentrations of DHA, And, delta 4-dione, delta 5-diol, Test, DHT, DHA-S, And-S, delta 5-diol-S and Test-S were determined in other portions of the same skin tissue. In the knowledge of the concentrations of the androgens and the C19 steroid sulphates in the blood and in the skin tissue, and also of the metabolisms of the main androgen precursors and Test in the hairy abdominal skin, new diagnoses can be established within the group of idiopathic hirsutisms : "pure peripheral hirsutism" and "mixed peripheral hirsutism". In the former the hyperactivity of the enzymes of the skin tissue takes part in the emergence of the disease form, while the latter involves the joint participation of the hyperactivity of the enzymes of the skin tissue and the high level of delta 4 dione in the blood. The picture of the metabolism in the hairy abdominal skin of the hirsute patients was dominated by Test formed in pathologically high amount from the precursors as a consequence of the hyperactivity of 17 beta-HSD. The formation of DHT and the activity of 5 alpha-R were of only secondary importance. PMID- 6234510 TI - Metabolism and concentration of androgenic steroids in abdominal skin of hirsute women with androgenital syndrome. AB - An in vitro study has been made of the steroid metabolism in the abdominal skin in two hirsute women with adrenogenital syndrome, and the concentrations of the various steroids in the skin tissue have been determined. The urinary excretion of the total 17-Ks, and particularly P-triol, was pathologically high, while of the androgens examined in the serum, primarily the levels of delta 4-dione and Test, were found to be elevated. The 21-hydroxylase deficiency meant that the plasma ACTH level was likewise extremely high in both patients. In vitro incubation studies demonstrated that in one patient (with the higher androgen overproduction) more Test. than normal was formed from the precursors (DHA, delta 5-diol, delta 4-dione), i.e. the biosynthetic pathway (17 beta-HSD, delta 5-3 beta-HSD) leading towards the androgens was enhanced in the abdominal skin. In the other patient (where the androgen production was less high as a consequence of the earlier adrenalectomy) the metabolism in the abdominal skin was not enhanced; indeed, for many metabolites the extent of the transformation did not even attain the level for normal women. The activity of Test. 5 alpha-reductase was not increased in the skin of either patient. The results on the steroid contents of the skin tissue revealed that numerous free steroids (DHA, And., delta 4-dione, delta 5-diol, Test., DHT) and C19-steroid sulphates were present in higher concentrations than in the abdominal skin of healthy women. The extents of steroid accumulation compared to the serum level in the same patient were pathologically high in the case of delta 5-diol, DHT and DHA-S in the abdominal skin of the two hirsute women with adrenogenital syndrome. This confirmed that a state of hyperandrogenism does exist in the skin of these patients. PMID- 6234511 TI - [A new case of aneurysm of Galen's vein. Use of echography. Treatment difficulties]. AB - A new case of intracranial arteriovenous malformation was observed in a newborn infant presenting as severe congestive heart failure, massive cardiomegaly and intracranial murmur. Cerebral echotomography through the fontanelle showed a large echo-free structure behind the third ventricle. Cerebral arteriography confirmed the vein of Galen aneurysm. A neurosurgical therapy clipping the nutrient vessels had not allowed this child to survive. Diagnostic value of ultrasound examination is emphasized. Surgical therapy is discussed. PMID- 6234512 TI - Patient handling skills. PMID- 6234513 TI - Nursing Mirror community forum. A question of help: what will happen when I'm old? PMID- 6234515 TI - A day in a wheelchair. PMID- 6234514 TI - Focus on the elderly: relative support. PMID- 6234516 TI - Prevention of hepatitis B virus infection. PMID- 6234518 TI - [Beta-lactams: present status and perspectives]. PMID- 6234517 TI - Effect of aliphatic monoamines on motor activity of mice: no direct interaction with dopaminergic D2 receptor. AB - The effect of butylamine, pentylamine and hexylamine on spontaneous locomotor activity of mice was evaluated in the presence or absence of drugs affecting monoaminergic neurons. Pentylamine and hexylamine produced similar effects (stimulation after low, inhibition after high doses), while butylamine action was weak. Depression of locomotor activity produced by combined treatment with alpha methyl-tyrosine, reserpine and dopa was counteracted by pentylamine and hexylamine; they did not produce such an effect in the absence of dopa. The amines did not displace 3H-spiperone specifically bound to striatal membranes. PMID- 6234519 TI - [Fistulas of the small intestine with evisceration. New therapeutic approach. 120 cases]. AB - One hundred and twenty cases of post-operative jejuno-ileal fistula with evisceration are reported: 90% of the patients came from other departments. Depending on their mechanism, these fistulae fell into two categories: out flowing fistulae (93 cases) consecutive to spontaneously opened peritonitis draining through the surgical incision, and in-flowing fistulae (24 cases) resulting from trauma of a superficial small bowel loop; 48% of open small bowel fistulae were due to a questionable operation. Unfavourable prognostic factors were: age over 50, supramesocolic initial lesion, fluid production equal or superior to 1000 ml/24 h, history of at least 2 previous median laparotomies and presence of one or several of 7 severity factors. The overall mortality rate was 46%, falling to 38.5% (inoperable cases excluded) after active treatment. The authors propose to concentrate on prolonged medical intensive care, salvage operations being reduced to a minimum. Over the last 4 years, this approach has brought down to 36% the overall mortality rate. PMID- 6234521 TI - [Cowden's disease or the multiple hamartoma syndrome]. AB - Cowden's disease, also called multiple hamartoma syndrome, is a clinical entity characterized by hamartomatous tumours of endodermal, mesodermal and ectodermal origin. Although extremely rare, the disease must be known to all internists. A case of Cowden's disease in a 36-year old male patient is reported. The authors insist on the high incidence of digestive disorders and the risk of malignant degeneration of mammary and thyroid tumours. They also describe the cutaneous and mucosal lesions characteristic of the disease. PMID- 6234520 TI - [C-peptide in the insulin-dependent diabetic]. AB - Plasma C-peptide levels were measured in classical insulin-dependent diabetics (group I) and in patients who had become insulin-dependent after a mean 12 years of non-insulin dependent diabetes (group II). All had been under insulin therapy for no more than 2 years. Metabolic control, as assessed by blood glucose and glycosylated A1C haemoglobin levels, was equally poor in both groups. The doses of insulin required were almost identical, though slightly higher in group II, while C-peptide levels were twice as high in group II patients as in group I patients. These findings suggest that patients with initially non-insulin dependent diabetes are more resistant to insulin than classical insulin-dependent diabetics. This low sensitivity to insulin might be due to age (which was more advanced in our group II patients) or might indicate that these patients still retain a degree of insulin-resistance that is characteristic of non-insulin dependent diabetes. PMID- 6234522 TI - [Exploratory bronchoalveolar lavage]. AB - Bronchoalveolar lavage is a simple technique, complementary to fiberoptic bronchoscopy. The material yielded comprises cells and supernatant, and both components may provide information about the distal lung structures. A few counter-indications should be respected. Normally, the cell differential comprises: 93 +/- 5% alveolar macrophages, 7 +/- 1% lymphocytes and about 1% neutrophils, eosinophils and basophils. Total cellularity and cell differentials are altered in many conditions, according to different patterns, which permits a classification. The increase in numbers may relate to macrophages (smokers, pneumoconiotic disorders...), to lymphocytes (sarcoidosis, hypersensitivity pneumonitis...) and to neutrophils and/or eosinophils (fibrotic disorders, chronic eosinophilic pneumonia, histiocytosis X...). In the last disease, the diagnosis may be established by detecting Langerhans cells. In other conditions, bronchoalveolar lavage mostly provides a trend to diagnosis. Usually well tolerated, bronchoalveolar lavage may usefully be repeated for monitoring patients with chronic interstitial lung disorders. It also gives an insight into the pathogenesis of many pulmonary pathological processes. PMID- 6234523 TI - [Emergency treatment of aneurysms of the abdominal aorta with an endoprosthesis]. AB - Emergency surgery for rupture or fissuration of sub-renal abdominal aortic aneurysms can be simplified by the use of a ringed tubular graft prosthesis of woven Dacron, which is fixed intraluminally in the aneurysmatic sac. PMID- 6234524 TI - [Ledderhose's disease in children]. PMID- 6234525 TI - [Polycythemia associated with breast cancer and bone metastases. Role of androgen therapy]. PMID- 6234526 TI - [Conduction disorders associated with thyrotoxic periodic paralysis. Apropos of a case]. PMID- 6234527 TI - [Anuria caused by a neoplastic obstacle, reversible under chemotherapy]. PMID- 6234528 TI - [Essential hypereosinophilia syndrome]. PMID- 6234529 TI - [Focus of intrathoracic extramedullary hematopoiesis. A little-known cause of posterior mediastinal tumor]. PMID- 6234530 TI - [Tumor markers in differentiated thyroid carcinoma, excluding medullary carcinoma]. PMID- 6234531 TI - [A case of Legionnaires' disease with pericardial involvement]. PMID- 6234532 TI - [Collagenous colitis. Association with chronic inflammatory arthropathy]. PMID- 6234533 TI - [Relation between plasma fibrinogen levels and the severity of diabetic retinopathy]. PMID- 6234535 TI - [Association of autoimmune thyroiditis and myositis]. PMID- 6234534 TI - [Thrombogenic and infectious risk in prolonged catheterization of the radial artery]. PMID- 6234536 TI - [Treatment of chronic atrophic polychondritis]. PMID- 6234537 TI - [Total parenteral nutrition in the treatment of Crohn's disease]. PMID- 6234538 TI - [Delayed contralateral hemiplegia complicating ophthalmic herpes zoster]. AB - Contralateral hemiplegia may develop a few weeks after the onset of an ophthalmic herpes zoster. This complication, which is not part of the herpetic encephalopathy, generally coexists with lesions of arteritis demonstrable by arteriography, affecting in most cases the proximal segments of the middle and anterior cerebral arteries and resulting in infarcts. The pathophysiology of these lesions is uncertain, but the vessels appear to be invaded by contiguity. PMID- 6234539 TI - [Treatment of metastatic renal cancer in adults with elliptinium acetate]. AB - The results obtained with N-methyl-hydroxy-elliptinium acetate (NMHE) in the treatment of 22 assessable adult patients with metastatic renal cancer are reported. According to the WHO criteria, there were 10 responses, including 7 stabilizations, 2 partial remissions (greater than 50%) and one complete and durable remission. Since there is no other effective medical treatment for this type of tumour, and since the protocol used so far appears to have low toxicity and makes it possible to evaluate the value of the drug within 4 to 6 weeks, the trial will be extended in order to determine more precisely (+/- 5%) the degree of effectiveness of NMHE. PMID- 6234541 TI - [Jejuno-ileal latero-lateral bypass. Defects of mechanical sutures]. AB - In 6 of our patients operated upon for pathological obesity, complete recanalization of the jejunum closed by a mechanical suture upstreams of the jejuno-ileal latero-lateral anastomosis resulted in failure of the intestinal bypass. We have modified our technique and instead of closing the jejunum with a mechanical stapler we now divide it, then bury and attach together its two ends to avoid torsion and invagination. The operation is completed by creating an anti reflux system at the terminal end of the excluded ileum. PMID- 6234540 TI - [Cloning of human genes]. AB - The fears concerning potential hazards of man made recombinant DNA have been dismissed and the burden of compelling unnecessary safety regulations has been cleared away. The deciphering of the entire human genome at the nucleotide level is no longer an impossible task. It is based upon the utilization of cloned fragments of DNA used as specific probes. The present catalogue of cloned human genes is still small, but it will expand rapidly in the near future. There are two categories of probes: those corresponding to know genes, and those consisting of random "anonymous" DNA sequences present in genomic libraries. The increasing number of cloned probes will allow us to saturate progressively the entire genome. Medicine will benefit from this progress, first of all with regard to pre natal and post-natal diagnosis of some genetic diseases and in the field of cancer research. PMID- 6234542 TI - [Acquired ichthyosis in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome]. PMID- 6234543 TI - [Diagnostic value of the human basophil degranulation test in anguilluliasis]. PMID- 6234544 TI - [Skin necrosis induced by subcutaneous gentamicin]. PMID- 6234545 TI - [Effect of trimebutine in vesical instability]. PMID- 6234546 TI - [Skin necrosis following administration of subcutaneous gentamicin]. PMID- 6234547 TI - [Serum immunoglobulin E. Index to wrong routes of milk intake in infants?]. PMID- 6234549 TI - [Leukopenia during treatment of rheumatoid polyarthritis with levamisole]. PMID- 6234548 TI - [Pruritus vulvae as a symptom of ciguatera]. PMID- 6234550 TI - [Pericarditis in periodic disease]. PMID- 6234551 TI - [Myocardial infarction in the Toulon region. Influence of the prevailing winds]. PMID- 6234552 TI - [Torsades de pointe in an infant. Possible role of diphemanil]. PMID- 6234553 TI - [Chlamydia trachomatis perihepatitis following delivery]. PMID- 6234554 TI - [Priapism in patients treated with heparin]. PMID- 6234555 TI - [Transvenous hepatic puncture-biopsy using the jugular approach]. PMID- 6234556 TI - [Immotile cilia disease with neonatal disclosure. Ultrastructural study]. AB - Recurrent bronchopulmonary and E.N.T. infections in a 2-month old child with complete situs inversus suggested an immotile cilia syndrome. Electron microscopy of the respiratory epithelium cilia demonstrated an ultra structural abnormality (defective radial spokes) typical of this recently discovered syndrome. This case is similar to 3 other cases in infants reported in the literature. It shows that the clinical manifestations of ciliary dysfunction may occur soon after birth and that early detection is desirable for optimal treatment. The type of abnormality detected and the percentage of cilia affected demonstrate that the syndrome is congenital and not acquired and provide information of the degree of ciliary dyskinesia. The genetic aspects are discussed. A diagnosis of "immotile cilia" syndrome should systematically be envisaged in infants with recurrent pneumonia or otitis of unknown aetiology, or when the clinical context (situs inversus, family history) is suggestive of the conditions. PMID- 6234557 TI - [Decrease in triiodothyronine and its reverse form under the effect of extrarenal dialysis. Role of carbohydrate intake]. AB - Thyroid hormone levels were measured in 12 patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis and in 18 patients on haemodialysis, all in stable clinical status. Values in patients on peritoneal dialysis were not different from those found in controls, whereas a highly significant decrease in T3 and r T3 was observed in patients on haemodialysis. These results are in contrast with the low T3 syndrome and the high r T3 levels of systemic diseases and malnutrition. The difference between the two groups of patients on dialysis suggests that thyroid abnormalities do not result from renal failure alone, nor from malnutrition, but from a disturbance in the calorie/carbohydrate ratio of the ingesta. PMID- 6234558 TI - [Treatment of morning migraine. Clinical and biokinetic correlation of programmed release dihydroergotamine]. AB - The authors have tested a new preparation of dihydroergotamine (microgranules in a capsule) by comparing the clinical results obtained in 30 patients suffering from morning migraine with the plasma levels of the active substance measured in 8 healthy subjects. The microgranules were administered in doses of 30 mg/24 hours and compared with a similar dose of a dihydroergotamine solution. The close correlation observed between sustained plasma levels and prolonged therapeutic effects indicates a truly programmed delivery of dihydroergotamine by the microgranule preparation. PMID- 6234559 TI - [Idiopathic thrombopenic purpura. Diagnostic and prognostic value of Dixon's test]. AB - The levels of immunoglobulin G (PIgG) bound to platelet membrane can be measured by complement lysis inhibition test (Dixon's assay). In normal subjects, this level is usually below 15 X 10(-15)g = IgG/platelet. Similar values have been obtained with different techniques. PIgG values found on normal platelets might be related to clearance of the oldest platelets. PIgG levels are greatly increased in 85 - 100% of patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. Purpura patients with normal PIgG levels might have only C3, IgM or IgA bound to their platelets. The Dixon's assay is not specific to idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, since it is positive in other types of thrombocytopenia. PIgG's may be related to platelet size, serum hypergammaglobulinaemia or circulating immune complexes. In the case of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, they probably represent antiplatelet antibodies. The results of Dixon's assay in idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura must be interpreted with caution. They may offer new possible explanations for the thrombocytopenia associated with other diseases. PMID- 6234561 TI - [Deep venous thrombosis or ruptured popliteal cyst? Value of echotomography as the 1st examination]. PMID- 6234560 TI - [Destruction of the bundle of His with the neodymium-YAG laser. Preliminary experimental study]. AB - Experiments with a new technique for His bundle interruption were performed on 10 dogs. The atrioventricular node-His bundle track was destroyed by means of a neodymium-yttrium-aluminium-garnet laser (Nd-YAG laser) used in continuous emission at 35 watts. The operation was conducted under simple clamping of the vena cava for a mean period of 1 minute 30 seconds, and 30 seconds were required for destruction of the His bundle. An atrio-ventricular block was obtained immediately in all dogs and persisted for more than 3 weeks. No accident was recorded. The Nd-YAG laser therefore appears to be a reliable technique and could be used for surgical treatment of arrhythmias. PMID- 6234562 TI - [Secreting carcinoid tumor. Hemodynamic study of an intraoperative attack of flushing]. PMID- 6234563 TI - [Detection of asymptomatic cancers of the kidney in adults. Value of abdominal echography]. PMID- 6234564 TI - [Value of plasma exchange in the treatment of uveitis. 5 cases]. PMID- 6234565 TI - [Purulent pericarditis after splenic irradiation for Hodgkin's disease]. PMID- 6234566 TI - [Swimming without breathing. A frequent practice, an easy drowning]. PMID- 6234567 TI - [Restoration of the common femoral vein using the internal jugular vein]. PMID- 6234568 TI - [Convulsive status epilepticus after sinus injection of a contrast medium]. PMID- 6234569 TI - [Peripheral neuropathies within the nosologic framework of rhizomelic pseudopolyarthritis and Horton's disease]. PMID- 6234570 TI - [Associations of autoimmune diseases]. PMID- 6234571 TI - [Present status of the resistance of enterobacteria to the combination of a sulfonamide and trimethoprim]. PMID- 6234572 TI - [Bone marrow puncture using a needle for lumbar puncture]. PMID- 6234573 TI - [Differentiated thyroid cancers. Thyroid recurrence after limited surgery]. AB - Twenty-eight patients with differentiated thyroid cancer presented with local relapse 6 months to 24 years (mean: 7 years) after limited surgery. The tumour was clinically undetectable in 7 cases. Among 22 patients reoperated upon, one died post-operatively, 17.8% had permanent recurrent nerve paralysis and 14.3%, permanent hypoparathyroidism. Metastases were discovered in 15 patients (53.8%), 4 1/2 years on average after the relapse; they resulted in death within less than 2 years in 11 (39.2%) and the survival rate was moderate (26.7%). The mean survival of the 12 patients now in remission is 7 years since the relapse and 13 years since the initial tumour. PMID- 6234574 TI - [Specific immunologic resistance to bovine insulin in an insulin-dependent diabetic]. AB - A 60-year old male diabetic patient treated with insulin for 6 years developed ketosis whenever an attempt was made to replace porcine insulin by mixed bovine and porcine insulin. That this resistance was specific to bovine insulin and of immune origin was demonstrated by in vivo and in vitro studies. The in vivo study used a Biostator artificial pancreas: rapid decrease of plasma glucose concentrations was observed under insulin infusion at a constant rate of 200 mU/min with either porcine or semi-synthetic human insulin despite maximum glucose infusion rate (400 mg/min), but not with bovine insulin and a low glucose infusion rate (150 mg/min). In the in vitro study, high levels of anti-insulin antibodies (11.4 m U/ml, Christiansen method) were found in the plasma, and the curves of competitive binding of radiolabelled insulin to the patient's IgG in the presence of unlabelled porcine or bovine insulin showed a 50% decrease of total binding with 0.12 ng/ml of bovine insulin and 25 ng/ml of porcine insulin, suggesting that the affinity of these antibodies for the former was 200 times higher than for the latter. PMID- 6234575 TI - [Sympathetic paraganglioma. Scintigraphic detection using a new labeled molecule, meta-iodobenzylguanidine]. AB - Two cases of sympathetic paraganglioma are reported: one, benign, in a 20-years old woman with arterial hypertension and attacks of excessive sweating; the other, malignant and with bone metastases, in a 44-years old woman. Both were diagnosed by scintigraphy, using meta-iodobenzylguanidine as radionuclide. This new radiopharmaceutic agent has recently been introduced for the detection of phaeochromocytomas, but it seems to be a general tissue marker of catecholamine uptake and storage. Its use as a therapeutic compound may also be envisaged. PMID- 6234576 TI - [Transcutaneous measurement of oxygen partial pressure. A new method for functional study in vascular pathology]. AB - A polarographic electrode was used for non-invasive transcutaneous measurement of partial oxygen pressure (PO2, oxygen tension) in healthy subjects (controls) and in patients with arteritis. The mean oxygen tension value on the dorsum of the foot in controls (n = 32) was 67.9 +/- 8.1 mmHg; individual values were inversely correlated with age and were distributed along a gaussian curve; mean differences on repeated measurements were 4 mmHg at 3 hours and 7.3 mmHg at 24 hours, which is extremely good. Patients with arteritis (n = 43) had a mean oxygen tension value of 41.5 +/- 20.7 mmHg; after adjustment for age the difference was significant (p less than 0.001). Oxygen tension values in patients with intermittent claudication were not different from those found in controls, but they were lower in patients with gangrene and with pain on decubitus. In the diagnosis of cutaneous ischaemia, the sensitivity of the test was 96%, its specificity 82%, its positive predictive value 79%, its negative predictive value 96% and its reliability 89%. These results suggest that the method will be increasingly used in vascular pathology. PMID- 6234577 TI - [Non-invasive measurement of cardiac output by Doppler echography]. AB - In this review paper the theoretical and technical bases of cardiac output measurement in the thoracic extracted from the literature and obtained by the authors themselves are summarized. The main physiological assumptions required for calculations (flat velocity profile in the aorta) and the main technical options (pulsed or continuous emission of ultrasounds, spectral or simplified Doppler signal analysis, evaluation or non-evaluation of the angle of incidence by two-dimensional imaging, echographic mode of measurement of the aortic diameter) are discussed. The need for controlled studies of each equipment and method on large populations of patients is emphasized. PMID- 6234578 TI - [Hemasite: a means of vascular access for chronic hemodialysis]. AB - Hemasite is a prosthetic device made of titanium and destined to be inserted in an arterialized circuit, thus constituting an elegant and comfortable means of performing chronic haemodialysis. It would be wrong to reject it because its price is still high, but it should not be used as first-choice device. Three patients in our centre have been equipped with hemasite for periods of 18, 5 and 2 months respectively. PMID- 6234579 TI - [Testicular Leydig cell tumor. A case]. PMID- 6234580 TI - [Polymyositis occurring during the development of rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 6234581 TI - [Streptococcal meningitis following radiculography with metrizamide]. PMID- 6234582 TI - [Spinal cord compression caused by vertebral angioma during pregnancy. A case treated by embolization]. PMID- 6234583 TI - [Spasm at the tip of the sound during coronarography. A probable manifestation of spastic angina?]. PMID- 6234584 TI - [Phlebitis of the legs. Comparison of streptokinase and urokinase therapy]. PMID- 6234585 TI - [Short-lived paraplegia disclosing Pinkus' lymphoma]. PMID- 6234586 TI - [Captopril tolerability in the asthmatic patient]. PMID- 6234587 TI - [Gynecologic surgery under local anesthesia with lidocaine and POR 8]. PMID- 6234588 TI - [Does isotope lymphography of the internal mammary chain have a role in radiotherapy?]. PMID- 6234589 TI - [Oxygen therapy without humidification]. PMID- 6234590 TI - [Fatal postoperative subacute cor pulmonale caused by neoplastic embolism of the pulmonary artery large trunks]. PMID- 6234591 TI - [Pseudodystrophic spondylodiscopathies in ankylosing spondylitis]. PMID- 6234592 TI - [Characteristics of patients with newly detected tuberculosis and its recurrence based on the data of dispensary observations]. PMID- 6234593 TI - [Effectiveness of record files and systematized archives of fluorograms in mass preventive examinations for tuberculosis]. PMID- 6234594 TI - [Complex team examinations of the rural population for the detection of bronchopulmonary pathology]. PMID- 6234595 TI - [Improving the quality of preventive examinations for early detection and prevention of tuberculosis in adolescents]. PMID- 6234596 TI - [Organization of complex centralized monitoring of the quality of examination and treatment of newly diagnosed cases of destructive pulmonary tuberculosis]. PMID- 6234597 TI - [Adverse reactions to antibacterial therapy of tuberculosis]. PMID- 6234598 TI - [Evaluation of the quality of early detection of tuberculosis during mass preventive fluorographic examination of the population]. PMID- 6234600 TI - Monocyte surface antigens. PMID- 6234601 TI - Platelet-specific antigen systems and their detection. PMID- 6234599 TI - Role of T3 surface molecules in human T-cell activation: T3-dependent activation results in an increase in cytoplasmic free calcium. AB - The human T-cell leukemia, Jurkat, and a T3-negative mutant of Jurkat (S.5) were used to study the role of T3 in human T-cell activation. Incubation of Jurkat with phytohemagglutinin (PHA) resulted in the production of interleukin 2, which was markedly increased by the addition of phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA). Antibodies reactive with T3 could activate Jurkat only if added together with PMA. However, S.5 cells failed to produce interleukin 2 in response to PHA and produced 1/16th the interleukin 2 activity that Jurkat produced in response to PHA and PMA. Incubation of S.5 cells with the calcium ionophore A23187 and PMA resulted in the production of interleukin 2 activity comparable to that produced by Jurkat. Like antibodies reactive with T3, A23187 demonstrated an obligate requirement for PMA in order to activate Jurkat or S.5. These observations suggested that T3 might participate in T-cell activation through mechanisms that increase intracellular Ca2+. This was examined by using the Ca2+ sensitive fluor, quin-2, to measure levels of cytoplasmic free Ca2+ [( Ca2+]i). Addition of PHA, A23187, or monoclonal antibodies reactive with T3 to Jurkat cells resulted in substantial increases of [Ca2+]i. In contrast, only A23187 could induce an increase in [Ca2+]i in S.5 cells. Three other monoclonal antibodies reactive with other membrane antigens expressed on Jurkat or S.5 did not increase [Ca2+]i. These results suggest that T3 and/or associated molecules participate in T-cell activation through mechanisms that lead to increases in [Ca2+]i and that their expression is a relative requirement for T-cell activation by PHA. PMID- 6234602 TI - Evidence of serotonin involvement in the effect of morphine on dopamine metabolism in the rat nucleus accumbens but not in the striatum. AB - Morphine-induced increase of dopamine metabolism in the striatum and nucleus accumbens was studied in rats treated with parachlorophenylalanine, an inhibitor of serotonin synthesis, or metergoline and mianserin, two serotonin antagonists. Morphine's effect in the nucleus accumbens, but not in the striatum, was significantly reduced by all the agents used to reduce serotonin transmission. It thus appears that part of the effect of morphine on dopamine metabolism in the nucleus accumbens is mediated by its ability to activate 5-HT function in this area. PMID- 6234603 TI - UV-lysogenic induction of lambda phage in lexA1 mutants of Escherichia coli: kinetics of the process. PMID- 6234604 TI - Oxygen dependency of photocytotoxicity with haematoporphyrin derivative. PMID- 6234606 TI - The Wessex Dolphin pool hoist. PMID- 6234605 TI - Significance of QRS transition zone to the right on the chest in cases with short P-R interval. AB - The QRS transition zone to the right on the chest may occur in posterior fibrosis or necrosis, in right ventricular strain but also in a large number of non cardiac people, some of them presenting a short P-R interval (93 patients with tall R waves in V3 from 331 with short P-R in our study). The incidence of right deviation of QRS transition zone was 28% in cases with short P-R interval and only 16% in cases with normal atrioventricular conduction. Our data suggest that right deviation of QRS transition zone in cases with short P-R interval may be produced by abnormal ventricular depolarisation--similar to that encountered in cases with patent accelerated atrioventricular conduction through accessory pathway (WPW type A). PMID- 6234607 TI - Use of the greater omentum as a vascular supply for free-flap transfer. AB - We report a single case of use of the greater omentum as a source of blood supply for free-flap transfer. If suitable somatic vessels are not available for routine microvascular anastomoses, the greater omentum may serve as a vascular supply in selected cases. PMID- 6234608 TI - Enhancing prosocial play between handicapped and nonhandicapped preschool children. PMID- 6234609 TI - Disablement and helping. PMID- 6234610 TI - The role of serotonin (5-HT) in the control of TSH and prolactin release in euthyroid subjects as assessed by the administration of ketanserin (5-HT2 antagonist) and zimelidine (5-HT re-uptake inhibitor). AB - We have studied the effects of ketanserin, a specific 5-HT2 antagonist, and zimelidine, a selective inhibitor of 5-HT re-uptake into central nervous system presynaptic terminals, upon basal and TRH stimulated serum TSH and prolactin levels in euthyroid individuals. Ten normal volunteers were studied (five male and five female), each receiving oral ketanserin and oral zimelidine during respective seven day periods, separated by an interval of at least two weeks. A standard TRH test (200 micrograms i.v.) was carried out before and after each period of drug administration, serum samples being obtained for TSH and prolactin estimation. We were unable to demonstrate any modification of basal or TRH stimulated TSH and prolactin levels by the oral administration of either ketanserin or zimelidine, suggesting that 5-HT has no significant role in the physiological release of either TSH or prolactin. PMID- 6234611 TI - The task of epidemiology in designing strategies for the use of hepatitis B virus vaccine. PMID- 6234613 TI - Effect of sublethal ionizing radiation on rat Peyer's patch lymphocytes. AB - After sublethal doses of ionizing radiation, rat Peyer's patch lymphocytes regenerated significantly more slowly than lymphocytes from spleen, thymus, and peripheral lymph nodes. Long Evans rats were exposed to 150 rad (40 rad/min) of whole-body irradiation from a 60Co, gamma-emitting source. On Days 1-20 postirradiation, single cell suspensions of lymphocytes from thymus, spleen, peripheral lymph nodes, and Peyer's patches were stained with mouse monoclonal antibody reagents specific for rat lymphocyte subpopulations (Ia+ cells, non helper T-cell subsets, and helper T-cell subsets). Cells were then counterstained with Texas Red-conjugated, goat anti-mouse IgG and, at the same time, were also stained with fluorescein diacetate to determine viable lymphocytes. The stained lymphocytes were analyzed using a dual-laser, fluorescent-activated cell sorter (Becton-Dickinson FACS-II) from which the percentage of each lymphocyte subpopulation was determined. From our studies, we found that all subpopulations of lymphocytes were affected similarly by irradiation. In addition, we observed that viable lymphocyte subpopulation in thymus, spleen, and peripheral lymph nodes from irradiated animals returned to normal (nonirradiated control animals) levels 5-12 days postirradiation, while viable lymphocyte subpopulations in Peyer's patches from irradiated animals remained suppressed up to 20 days postirradiation. These results suggest that either the lymphocytes or, more likely, the microenvironment of Peyer's patches is more greatly damaged by ionizing radiation than that observed in other lymphoid tissue. PMID- 6234612 TI - Unpaired bases in phage DNA after gamma-irradiation in-situ and in-vitro. AB - Phage Lambda DNA, gamma-irradiated in-situ and in-vitro, has been analyzed for unpaired bases by melting, reannealing, and cleavage with Sl nuclease which is specific for single-stranded DNA. DNA, irradiated in-situ, i.e., in the phage particle, contained sites being sensitive to Sl nuclease. These single-stranded lesions were passed over and conserved during reannealing, whereas adjacent DNA regions reannealed specifically. Complementary base-pairing was restored after Sl nuclease treatment. Comparison of the Tm-data before and after Sl nuclease treatment indicated that the single-stranded regions were removed by the enzyme. In contrast, DNA irradiated in-vitro, i.e., gamma-irradiated in aqueous solution, failed to match complementarily and was not sensitive to Sl nuclease. Thus it appears that lesions leading to unpaired bases were randomly distributed in DNA irradiated in-vitro, but occurred in clusters after irradiation in-situ. Most probably these clusters contain damaged bases which in turn caused localized disruption of the hydrogen bonds between complementary base pairs. PMID- 6234614 TI - [Restoration of the primer activity of gamma-irradiated DNA by nucleases from rat liver chromatin]. AB - gamma-Irradiation of DNA results in a several-fold decrease of its primer activity measured as one substrate synthesis catalyzed by DNA polymerase beta. However, the combined treatment of injured DNA with 3'----5' exonuclease and endonuclease I from rat liver chromatin almost normalizes primer activity of DNA. Therefore the above-mentioned nucleases are capable of excising the gamma-injured nucleotides from 3'-OH ends of DNA. PMID- 6234615 TI - [Intensification of cytostatic action by radiosensitizers--a review of the present status of chemosensitization]. PMID- 6234616 TI - Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty: development, technique, and application. AB - Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) is one of the most exciting developments in the field of interventional radiology. In this procedure an angiographic catheter with an inflatable balloon is used to reopen the lumen of an artery that was previously obstructed due to plaque formation. This article describes the historical development of PTA, the technique involved in catheter angioplasty, and its application in certain disease states. PMID- 6234617 TI - Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty following endarterectomy. AB - Recurrent occlusive disease was found by noninvasive methods and confirmed arteriographically in 7 patients who had undergone endarterectomy for stenosis of one [5] or both iliac arteries [1] or the subclavian artery [1]. Three patients with iliac artery stenosis had percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) 1 to 5 years after endarterectomy. One patient with stenosis of the external iliac artery had PTA 4 years after endarterectomy, and dilatation was repeated 7 months later because of recurrence. One patient had 2 endarterectomies and 2 PTAs within 8 years for stenosis of the right common iliac artery. One patient had recanalization of the left common iliac artery 6 years after endarterectomy with low-dose streptokinase followed by PTA. Another patient underwent endarterectomy of the left subclavian artery 3 months after PTA and required further dilatation at 5 and 10 months because of recurrence. The authors conclude that endarterectomy does not preclude PTA (or vice versa) in patients with recurrent arterial occlusive disease. PMID- 6234618 TI - Legal case briefs for nurses. CA: malpractice ins.: insolvent carrier. IL: back injury: workers' comp awarded. PMID- 6234619 TI - [Total prostheses of the knee over 5 years later. Symposium. 57th Annual Congress of the French Society of Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology, Paris, November 1982]. PMID- 6234621 TI - [Intertrochanteric flexion osteotomy in aseptic osteonecrosis of the femoral head in adults. Apropos of 52 cases]. AB - Fifty-two intertrochanteric osteotomies were performed in 42 cases of idiopathic avascular necrosis of the femoral head of which 10 were bilateral. By flexion at the osteotomy site, the operation aims to place the superior pole of the femoral head during weight bearing towards the superior part of the acetabulum. The use of a specially angled nail-plate makes the procedure safe and simple. The results were analysed with an average follow-up of 46 months and a minimum follow-up for 2 years. The overall results were good in 72 p. 100 of cases, with better results for pain and mobility than for stability and gait. The results were better when the necrosis did not reach the centre of the head and when there was true relief from weight-bearing pressure. The indication were the best in grade II necrosis in patients less than 55 years old. PMID- 6234620 TI - [Epiphyseal fixation with an external fixator. Biomechanical and clinical study]. AB - Fifty one fractures of an epiphysis were treated by fixation using a new external fixator. The stability of the fixation was compared with that obtained by other types of fixator. The basis of the technique was the insertion of five pins into the epiphysis and of a series of pins in the diaphysis. Fixation between the epiphyseal and diaphyseal pins was achieved by three bars. The results obtained in 38 cases, half of them being at the proximal end of the tibia were analysed and were found to be encouraging. Only three had to be grafted secondarily. There was a low number of mal-unions. The main advantage of this method was to allow early mobilisation of the joint. The risk of sepsis did not give rise to concern provided that the rods do not cross the joint. PMID- 6234622 TI - [Primary synostosis of the tarsus in children. Apropos of 32 cases in 20 patients]. AB - The authors have studied 32 tarsal coalitions in 20 children. Twenty two were between the talus and the calcaneum, 4 were medial and 6 were rare varieties. The diagnosis is often missed because 40 p. 100 of the children with tarsal coalition had no complaints. The indirect radiological signs have been analysed and precise techniques described for detecting the coalition. Only 11 feet were operated on. On 4 occasions the coalition was simply resected. This always gave a good functional result and good mobility was obtained in the subtaloid joint in 2 cases. The other cases were treated by triple arthrodesis. The authors consider that an earlier diagnosis would lead to better prevention of secondary deformities. The best indication for simple resection is in coalition between the calcaneum and the navicular. PMID- 6234624 TI - [Long-term results of the forage-biopsy in grade I and II osteonecrosis of the femoral head. Apropos of 133 cases re-examined after an average time of 9 years 6 months]. AB - The results of 133 operations of cervical forage are reported with an average follow-up of 9 years. There were 94 p. 100 of good results in grade I cases and 82 p. 100 in grade II cases. The basis of the procedure is to produce a decrease of pressure in the venous circulation of the bone. The importance of early operation is stressed. PMID- 6234625 TI - [French Society of Orthopedic and Traumatologic Surgery Membership list]. PMID- 6234623 TI - [Carpal tunnel syndrome. Diagnostic and prognostic value of the tourniquet test]. AB - The tourniquet test devised by Gilliatt was used in 54 patients with carpal tunnel syndrome and its value was assessed in diagnosis and prognosis. The test procedures dysaesthesia in the median territory when the tourniquet is inflated above the systolic pressure. The value of the test was similar to that of electrical stimulation of the nerve. When the test was positive after less than 15 seconds, the anatomical lesions were severe in most of the cases. It is concluded that the test has both diagnostic and prognostic value. PMID- 6234626 TI - [Survey echocardiography. A comparative evaluation of enlarged heart chambers in the echocardiogram and the plain x-ray]. AB - Eighty patients with various types of heart disease were examined by radiography and sectional studies of the heart on the same day. These were compared with 2 dimensional examinations of the chambers during end-diastole. It was found that echocardiography may demonstrate dilated chambers due to a cardiomyopathy where the plain radiograph is entirely normal. Radiographic enlargement of the left side of the heart is not necessarily due to dilatation of the left ventricle, but can also be caused by gross hypertrophy. Echocardiography is indicated for the investigation of cardiac enlargement due to multivalvular disease, cardiomyopathy, combined left and right cardiac insufficiency and the exclusion of pericardial effusions. PMID- 6234627 TI - [Analog puncture in angioplasty of high iliac occlusion]. PMID- 6234628 TI - [Combined bone marrow and skeletal scintigraphy in osseous and myelogenous diseases]. AB - In 87 patients with proved diagnosis and a normal or pathologic bone scan (BS) in addition a bone marrow scan (BMS) was performed using a 99mtechnetium-labelled microcolloid. The analysis of scintigraphic findings included those obtained by other investigations shows that in these selected patients a false normal or false positive interpretation would have been resulted in 18% performing the BS only. Both methods BS and BMS were capable of diagnosing the correct stage of disease in all patients. The results indicate an augmentation of diagnostic facilities by the BMS in diseases affecting bone or bone marrow. PMID- 6234629 TI - [Pathomorphological changes after percutaneous transluminal angioplasty. Case report]. PMID- 6234630 TI - [Effect of type II neuroleptanalgesia on the suppressor T-lymphocyte population]. PMID- 6234632 TI - [10 years' integrated medical and occupational rehabilitation in 2d phase facilities--confirmed model or end of a trial?]. AB - Founding of a working group of the rehabilitation facilities of the II. phase has occasioned the present study of developments in this area, as seen in particular from the vocational angle. The main emphasis is the role played by the call for integration in rehabilitation, i.e. inclusion of the disease- or disability generated occupational problems as a vital social aspect to be considered in the treatment and rehabilitation process. For patients in residential programmes, examples are given from the sector of "occupational therapy and job family related vocational assessment": preparatory vocational programmes, occupational analysis, vocational assessment, and individualized conditioning. Beyond medical care, the centres of the II. phase had been intended to provide "vocational adjustment services"; critical appraisal however reveals the degree of legal imprecision of this term, as well as its lacking in factual delimitation from other forms of rehabilitative measures stipulated in rehabilitation legislation. Also, the vocational functions assigned to the II. and III. phase respectively, tend to overlap more and more, at least at the conceptual level. What is therefore needed to further development of the vocational tasks and functions to be integrated in the II. phase into a direction where a need does exist and where the specific potential of these centres can be used in a meaningful and economical way: the care of most severely disabled persons for whom vocational services require a special educational emphasis. PMID- 6234631 TI - [Telesystolic stress in chronic aortic insufficiency and regression of left ventricular hypertrophy after aortic valve substitution]. PMID- 6234633 TI - ["Learning and communication technics" in occupational rehabilitation of the handicapped: experiences wih retrainees in the metal-processing field]. AB - Based on the special problems encountered by older and disabled workers, the authors investigate the potential of "learning and communications skills" training in enhancing the vocational and social reintegration in trade/technical sector occupations. The experiences outlined refer to retrainees in the field of metal processing. They demonstrate that extra-functional learning goals such as communication skills and the ability to learn systematically, are more easily accomplished when the skills training occurs in association with the functional learning objectives (i.e. occupation-related skills). PMID- 6234634 TI - [Wheelchair field testing at the central train station and airport in Frankfurt]. AB - The present article reports the findings obtained from wheelchair field testing at Frankfurt central station and airport, initiated by the working group on "Public Transport Accessibility" of the Federal Rehabilitation Council (BAR) and approved by its managing board. Relevant information concerning accessibility and useability of this major traffic junction for handicapped persons is presented. The test emphases are put forth, namely access of wheelchair users to intercity and suburban traffic as well as to air transport facilities. Planning and implementation of the field test as well as participating persons and organizations are outlined; test sequence and test evaluation are described. Finally, major aspects of test findings and their evaluation are dealt with in more detail. PMID- 6234635 TI - [National Coordinating Committee on Voluntary Welfare Services, Bonn. Concept and financing of early rehabilitation for children with disabilities or at risk of becoming disabled (central positions of voluntary welfare)]. PMID- 6234636 TI - [History of the determinants of attitude toward the handicapped]. AB - Prejudicial social attitudes towards people with disabilities have from time out of mind been handed down from one generation to the other. They reach far back into the history of mankind. From a social-educational angle it is relevant to trace not only the motivational aspects involved but also the formative forces in historically evolved ambivalent attitudes towards persons with disabilities. PMID- 6234637 TI - Family use of functional clothing for children with physical disabilities. PMID- 6234639 TI - [Evaluation of cardiac function by computed tomography]. PMID- 6234638 TI - [Effects of percutaneous transluminal coronary recanalization in acute myocardial infarction]. PMID- 6234641 TI - [200 laparoscopies. A new survey]. PMID- 6234640 TI - [Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome]. PMID- 6234642 TI - [The treatment of lumbo-vertebral syndromes using the McKenzie method. A therapeutico-preventive concept]. PMID- 6234643 TI - [Treatment of acne vulgaris with an erythromycin solution: multicenter study]. PMID- 6234644 TI - Studies on low-molecular-weight immunomodifiers produced by microorganisms: results of ten years' effort. AB - The screening for low-molecular-weight enzyme inhibitors produced by microorganisms was initiated in 1966, and by 1972 inhibitors of various proteases had been discovered. At that time the study of enzyme inhibitors was expanded to include the search for low-molecular-weight immunomodifiers that might restore the reduced immunity in patients with cancer. It was assumed that the screening for compounds binding to cell membranes or surfaces would result in the finding of immunomodifiers and that inhibitors of enzymes on cell membranes or surfaces should bind to cells. Investigation revealed that aminopeptidases, alkaline phosphatase, and esterase are located on cell membranes, and inhibitors of these enzymes, all of which have the ability to modify (mostly enhance) immune responses, were discovered. Studies on these products (e.g., bestatin, forphenicine , forphenicinol , ebelactones , esterastin , and arphamenine ) are reviewed in this paper. PMID- 6234645 TI - [Down's syndrome. I--Considerations on maternal variables]. PMID- 6234647 TI - The chronic low back pain syndrome: identification and management. PMID- 6234646 TI - [Quantification of arteriovenous shunts of the lower extremities]. PMID- 6234648 TI - [Application of the flexible optic fiberscope to operative transluminal coronary angioplasty]. PMID- 6234649 TI - Influence of 'cytoprotective' drugs (carbenoxolone, zolimidine, prostanoic acid) on mucus secretion in patients with gastric ulcer. AB - We have studied gastric mucus secretion after carbenoxolone, zolimidine and prostanoic acid short term treatment (28 days) in patients with endoscopically demonstrated peptic gastric ulcer of the lesser curvature. Six patients were treated with carbenoxolone (300 mg/day), 6 with zolimidine (1200 mg/day) and 6 with prostanoic acid (2 g/day). All of them were submitted to gastric juice collection, before and after treatment, during 1 h at fast. On the samples of gastric juice, taken at 15 min intervals, the protein component (PC), glucosamine (GL), fucose (FU), the free N-acetyl-neuraminic acid (NANA) and sulphate groups (SG), were determined by biochemical methods. We have observed a significant increase of PC after zolimidine (P less than 0.02) and prostanoic acid (P less than 0.05) treatment, without significant variations of the other mucus components. No significant variations of mucus secretion after carbenoxolone treatment. If we compare the three drugs, we can see a significant increase of PC after zolimidine (P less than 0.005) and after prostanoic acid (P less than 0.001), compared with the results obtained after carbenoxolone. There are no significant variations of basal and stimulated (pentagastrin 6 mcg/Kg i.v.) secretory volume and acid output before and after treatment in the three groups of patients. PMID- 6234650 TI - Bile diversion from the duodenum: its effect on gastric and pancreatic function. AB - The effect of diverting bile from the duodenum in four dogs by cholecysto jejunostomy was studied using a double-marker perfusion technique. During digestion of a liquid meal, acid secretion increased from 0.8 mmol H+/min to 1.48 mmol H+/min (p less than 0.05, paired t test); there was an associated rise in serum levels of gastrin 120 minutes after feeding (p less than 0.001, paired t test). Pancreatic secretion of trypsin decreased from 3.91 IU/min to 2.66 IU/min after bile diversion (p less than 0.01, paired t test) and the level of CCK was significantly lower 60 mins after feeding (p less than 0.05, paired t test). There was no significant change in the rate at which the liquid meal emptied from the stomach after bile diversion but the pH of duodenal contents was lower during the later stages of digestion. These changes may explain the reported increase of peptic ulcer after diverting bile from the duodenum and the procedure should not be considered unless the consequences of acid hypersecretion and pancreatic inhibition have been anticipated. PMID- 6234651 TI - On the molecular basis of T helper cell function. II. B-lymphocyte promotor factors: I-A-restricted production and their apparent antigen-independent, direct interaction with B cells. AB - The differentiation of Ig+ B cells into plaque-forming cells is dependent on antigen and factors produced by T cells and/or macrophages. We describe here the production of T-cell factors termed lymphocyte promotor factors (LPF). A foetal calf serum-specific T-cell line and its clones synthesize LPF, which is defined as factors that polyclonally stimulate normal spenic T cells to differentiate into cytotoxic T lymphocytes (T-LPF) and normal splenic B cells to differentiate into plaque-forming cells into (PFC) (B-LPF) in the apparent absence of specific antigen. The proliferation of and the B-LPF production of all T-cell clones tested were foetal calf serum-specific and I-Ab-restricted. Some of these clones produced only T-LPF, some clones produced only B-LPF, and some clones produced both T-LPF and B-LPF. B-LPF stimulate the polyclonal differentiation of Ig+ B cells into PFC without the apparent need for helper T cells, is different from T LPF, and induces almost exclusively IgM PFC. The B-LPF described in the present paper are compared with previously described T-cell factors, which stimulate antigen-specific B-cell responses or bystander B-cell responses. The conclusion is that B-LPF are probably different from B-cell growth factors, T-cell replacing factors, allogeneic effector factors, and interleukin 2. PMID- 6234652 TI - On the molecular basis of T helper cell function. III. B-lymphocyte promotor factors: production by T hybridoma and tumour cells; preliminary biochemical characterization. AB - B-lymphocyte promotor factors (B-LPF) are defined as T-cell-derived, released molecules that trigger polyclonal induction of B-cell differentiation into antibody-forming cells. B-LPF activity is independent of antigen, and it apparently induces only IgM-producing B cells. B-LPF was discovered as products of an antigen-specific, I-Ab-restricted T-cell line. We here show that B-LPF is produced also by lymphoma cells derived from this T-cell line or by T-cell hybrids constructed by fusing the T-cell line with BW5147 thymoma cells. A chicken gamma globulin-specific T-cell hybridoma clone also produced B-LPF. Biological assays demonstrated that B-LPF-containing supernatants did not contain IL-1, IL-2, B-cell growth factor, or allogeneic effector factor. Biochemical studies showed that B-LPF was precipitated by 50% (NH4)2SO4 saturation and that at least three types of molecules were involved in B-LPF activity: molecules with molecular weights of greater than 90,000, 50,000-90,000 and 10,000-25,000. The relationship between B-LPF and antigen-specific helper/inducer factors is discussed. PMID- 6234654 TI - Clinical use of laser Doppler flowmetry in a burns unit. AB - Laser Doppler Flowmetry (LDF) is a new noninvasive technique by which microcirculation changes in tissue can be studied. This has been done in a Burns Unit on burned as well as non-burned patients (volunteers). There were no infection problems with this device in a Burns Unit. Four kHz was the upper wave length limit analysing the doppler signal from burns. A topical temperature load test was defined and used in different situations. Homogeneous flows in reference points from a control group were demonstrated in unheated and heated skin, in this way standardizing the LDF analyses of skin microflow. Ability of LDF to define different degrees of burns was demonstrated. PMID- 6234653 TI - Relation between skin anergy, lymphadenopathy and T-cell subsets in Swedish homosexual men. AB - Reversed T-helper/T-suppressor ratios were found in 20/43 symptomatic homosexual men. A significant lower number of T-helper cells was found in patients with skin anergy. No differences were noticed in total lymphocytes or in any of the other T cell subsets, when subjects with and without skin anergy or lymphadenopathy were examined. PMID- 6234655 TI - Laser Doppler flowmetry measurements of superficial dermal, deep dermal and subdermal burns. AB - The microcirculation in burned patients' skin has been studied on day 3 after the accident with Laser Doppler Flowmetry (LDF). A schedule for interpretation of LDF values has been designed. PMID- 6234656 TI - [Reasonable and unreasonable indications for physiotherapy of the locomotor system]. AB - The wide variety of techniques currently available in physiotherapy may appear confusing to the prescribing physician who must select methods which are both of proven efficiency and economical. A primary requisite is knowledge of the aims and possibilities of physiotherapy, thus allowing a decision as to whether or not physiotherapy is in fact indicated. Two examples, "thermotherapy" and "back school", demonstrate how, with minimum investment of time and expense, patients can be taught effective measures for the treatment and prevention of certain pain syndromes of the locomotor system. Finally, possible causes of our (sometimes) too polypragmatic attitude to physiotherapy are discussed. PMID- 6234657 TI - [Neodentinal bridging after direct pulp capping with calcium hydroxide in human premolars. Histological and histochemical studies]. PMID- 6234658 TI - The structure of rat preproatrial natriuretic factor as defined by a complementary DNA clone. AB - The structure of rat preproatrial natriuretic factor ( preproANF ) was determined by nucleotide sequence analysis of an ANF complementary DNA clone. PreproANF is composed of a hydrophobic leader segment (20 amino acids), a precursor containing one glycosylation site (106 amino acids), and ANF (24 amino acids). Atrial natriuretic factor is located at the carboxyl terminus of the precursor molecule. The human, mouse, and rat genomes each contain a single ANF gene which is highly conserved. PMID- 6234660 TI - Interaction between vitamin K-dependent protein S and the complement protein, C4b binding protein. A link between coagulation and the complement system. PMID- 6234659 TI - Protein S and the regulation of activated protein C. AB - The studies that have been carried out to date suggest that protein S can function as a cofactor protein in the activated protein C catalyzed inactivation of Factor Va. This conclusion is supported by the observation that protein S and activated protein C can form a lipid bound complex that can inactivate Factor Va more rapidly than does soluble activated protein C. Protein S has a number of properties in common with other cofactor proteins. It has been isolated as a distinct entity from plasma, it has no known intrinsic activities, and its effect is maximal when it is bound to a lipid surface. Protein S appears to be important in the regulation of the plasma anticoagulant activity of activated protein C as well. This is supported by the lack of anticoagulant activity of activated protein C in protein S-depleted plasma and by the observation that protein S is important in the species specificity of the anticoagulant activity of the enzyme. Future work in this area is needed to ascertain if there are any clinical manifestations of protein S deficiencies that correlate with the cofactor activity that has been established. PMID- 6234661 TI - Oxygenation and metabolism in the developing heart. PMID- 6234663 TI - Toxic shock syndrome associated with phage-group-III Staphylococcus aureus. AB - A case of toxic shock syndrome in a previously-healthy man was reported. The clinical features are in accordance with the criteria of diagnosis defined by the Center for Disease Control (CDC) of USA. Phage-group-III Staphylococcus aureus, demonstrated to produce enterotoxin F, was isolated from an axillary abscess. PMID- 6234662 TI - Community vs institutional care: the case of the Australian aged. AB - This paper analyses data, hitherto unavailable in Australia, on patterns of caring for the handicapped aged. Particular attention is given to the mechanisms enabling older handicapped persons to remain in the community. On the basis of this information, existing government policies concerning both community and institutional services are reviewed and the adequacy of present arrangements for future generations of the elderly are assessed. The findings emphasize the diverse resources and needs of the aged and the inadequacy of Australian community care programmes in terms of both variety and flexibility. PMID- 6234664 TI - Pepsin as an "immune complex-ase". PMID- 6234666 TI - [The dilemma between general practice and pedodontic practice]. PMID- 6234665 TI - Methylprednisolone and the adult respiratory distress syndrome. AB - Total hip replacement was carried out on 22 patients under general anaesthesia. Of these, 10 were pretreated with methylprednisolone (30 mg/kg); 1 of these developed the adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and had high levels of thromboxane B2 (TXB2) 5 minutes after fixation of the femoral prosthesis and at the end of the operation. The other 12 patients served as controls; 5 of them developed ARDS and had statistically significant higher TXB2 levels than the other 7 control patients who remained well. All patients who did not develop ARDS had low TXB2 levels. TXB2 and beta-thromboglobulin levels followed the same trend and there was good correlation (r=0,6806; P less than 0,01) at the end of the operation in the control group patients who developed ARDS. There was no statistical difference in 6-keto-PGF1 alpha levels between the patients who developed ARDS and those in the control group who remained well. Steroids reduce arachidonic acid metabolism by inhibiting the release of substrate for cyclo oxygenase and lipoxygenase activity. Patients prone to ARDS thus benefit from methylprednisolone administration. PMID- 6234667 TI - [Introduction to developmental dentistry]. PMID- 6234668 TI - Group treatment of physically disabled adults by telephone. AB - Physical disability threatens a person's life style and can be detrimental in its effects on mood and activity. We describe a counseling program for severely disabled persons who were involved in telephone support groups in order to solve problems related to feeling discouraged, lonely, or being too inactive to remain healthy. A majority of the participants reported being less anxious and more socially involved as a result of the intervention. Ease with which groups were conducted and positive feedback from participants suggests that research should evaluate the cost effectiveness of phone intervention and explore potential of treating affective problems with scheduled phone contact. PMID- 6234669 TI - Flow cytometric analysis of lymphocyte subpopulations after thermal injury in human beings. AB - Several theories have been advanced in an effort to explain immunologic suppression after thermal injury, that is monocyte production of immunoregulatory prostaglandins, activation of suppressor cells, production of suppressive serum factors and alteration in helper cell function. In the current study, cytofluorometric analysis was performed on peripheral blood mononuclear cells isolated from 30 severely burned individuals using a FACS IV cell sorter. Fluorescein labeled monoclonal antibodies were used to phenotype total T cells (OKT3+), helper cells (OKT-4+), suppressor cells (OKT-8+), monocytes (antimono.2+) and B cells (anti-Ia+). After burn injury, the most striking phenotypic alterations observed were a marked decrease in the number and percentage of total OKT3+ T cells and OKT4+ helper cells. No significant increases were observed in the OKT8+ suppressor cell subpopulation. Monocytes exhibited a transitory increase during the first 48 hours postburn which returned to normal by postburn day 7. The percentage of Ia+ cells were either normal or decreased in number during the course of the injury. An OKT-4 to OKT-8 ratio of less than 1.00 at 24 to 48 hours postburn may represent a reliable predictive index for death by sepsis. These data suggest that the syndrome of burn induced immunologic suppression may be better described as a "burn induced immunodeficiency syndrome," that is characterized by decreased numbers or function of Interleukin-2 producing helper cells, or both. PMID- 6234670 TI - Immunosuppressive therapy for renal transplantation. PMID- 6234672 TI - Mesoatrial shunt: a prosthesis modification. AB - The mesoatrial shunt is the indicated treatment in the Budd-Chiari syndrome when the inferior vena cava is occluded and not usable for the standard portasystemic shunts. As the mesoatrial shunt courses from the abdomen into the right side of the chest, it passes posterior to the xiphoid and sternum and frequently is compressed at this point. A prosthesis modification is reported whereby an exterior silicone rubber cuff is bonded to the Dacron or Gortex graft at the point at which it passes posterior to the sternum. This obviates the possibility of graft compression and should increase long-term patency. PMID- 6234673 TI - [Pedodontics in Denmark 1980-81 and 1981-82--status and developmental directions]. PMID- 6234671 TI - Human T-cell subsets in health and disease. PMID- 6234674 TI - [Polysaccharide metabolism in dental plaque]. PMID- 6234675 TI - [Periodontal treatment needs in patients with development disorders]. PMID- 6234677 TI - Acute platelet activation induced by smoking. In vivo and ex vivo studies in humans. AB - Indices of acute in vivo platelet activation in response to cigarette smoking were sought in 10 healthy subjects. Judging by platelet aggregate ratio, platelet factor 4 and beta-thromboglobulin measurements, platelet activation took place from 10 to 30 min after smoking in most subjects. These signs correlated well with the results of scintigraphic studies showing signs of accumulation of 111-In labelled platelets in the spleen in response to smoking. PMID- 6234676 TI - Acyl-enzymes as thrombolytic agents in dog models of venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. AB - A quantitative model of venous thrombosis in the beagle dog is described. The model was adapted to permit ageing of isolated experimental clots in vivo. A model of acute pulmonary embolism in this species is also described. In the venous thrombosis model, infusion of streptokinase (SK) or SK-activated human plasmin gave significant lysis but bolus doses of SK. plasmin complex were ineffective. Active site anisoylated derivatives of SK. plasminogen complex, SK activated plasmin and activator-free plasmin were all active when given as bolus doses in both models. At lytic doses, the acyl-enzymes caused fewer side-effects attributable to plasminaemia than the corresponding unmodified enzymes. PMID- 6234678 TI - Inhibition of trypsin-like serine proteinases by tripeptide arginyl and lysyl chloromethylketones. AB - Tripeptide derivatives of lysyl or arginyl chloromethylketone inhibit the trypsin like serine proteases trypsin, thrombin, plasmin, Factor Xa, urokinase, tissue type plasminogen activator and protein Ca following the reaction scheme: (formula; see text) Extremely potent tripeptide inhibitors were obtained for thrombin and trypsin (k2/Ki greater than 10(6) M-1s-1), moderate inhibitors for plasmin and Factor Xa (10(6) M-1s-1 greater than k2/Ki greater than 10(4) M-1s-1) and only weak inhibitors for urokinase, tissue-type plasminogen activator and protein Ca (k2/Ki less than 10(4) M-1s-1). Thrombin and Factor Xa as well as urokinase and tissue-type plasminogen activator can be discriminated on the basis of their inhibitory spectrum towards some of these inhibitors. PMID- 6234680 TI - [Olecranon bursitis. Hospitalized operated patients in Vestfold County 1973 1982]. PMID- 6234681 TI - [Beitostolen health sports center]. PMID- 6234679 TI - The effect of plasma on platelet function in hypercholesterolemic rabbits and the changes in fatty acid composition of the plasma. AB - Rabbits were fed with 1% cholesterol-containing standard diet for 1 to 3 months. The arachidonic acid (AA)-induced aggregation of the platelet-rich plasma (PRP) of the control rabbits was accelerated by substitution of hypercholesterolemic plasma. The incorporation of 14C-AA into thromboxane B2 in platelets was increased approximately 1.6 times with PRP and 1.2 times with the washed platelet suspension (WPS) in hypercholesterolemic rabbits as compared with those of the control. Analysis of the fatty acid compositions of phospholipids and total lipids of hypercholesterolemic rabbits revealed an increase in AA of platelets and plasma, and a decrease in docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in plasma. The AA/DHA ratio of plasma increased dependently on the period of feeding with the high cholesterol diet, and the increase in the ratio was parallel with the acceleration of platelet aggregation by AA in PRP. PMID- 6234682 TI - Gastrointestinal absorption of inorganic mercuric compounds in vivo and in situ. AB - The absorption of inorganic mercury in rats was studied by using ligated gastrointestinal segments and perfusion of small intestine. Poorly soluble mercuric oxide (HgO) as well as mercuric chloride (HgCl2) was absorbed from the ligated segments in the following order: duodenum greater than stomach = jejunum = ileum. The ligation of bile duct decreased the duodenal absorption of HgCl2, while no change was observed in that of HgO. In the bile duct-ligated rats, the coadministration of bile increased the absorption of HgCl2 compared to that in rats without the ligation. The absorption of HgCl2 was increased with an increase of pH of the solution perfused into small intestine. These results suggest that the alkalinity of bile promotes the absorption of HgCl2. PMID- 6234684 TI - [Recent aspects of the neuromuscular organization of masticatory activity and its disorders. 2: Pathophysiology]. PMID- 6234683 TI - Mercury-induced segregational errors of chromosomes in human lymphocytes and in Indian muntjac cells. AB - Segregational errors of chromosomes were studied in human lymphocytes and in Indian muntjac fibroblasts exposed to methylmercury chloride (CH3HgCl) or mercury chloride (HgCl2). The cells were exposed to the mercury compounds only during a limited period of the pre-DNA synthetic stage of the cell cycle or from that stage up to mitosis. In the lymphocytes we observed a clear increase of C-mitotic figures for both mercury compounds and for both exposure times. Segregational errors were, however, much more important after the shorter exposure period. Muntjac fibroblasts appear to be more sensitive to the mercury than are the lymphocytes so that their suitability for the study of C-mitosis may be questionable. The muntjac cells may be an important tool for the study of polyploidy induction. PMID- 6234685 TI - Mixed lymphocyte culture responses. Lack of correlation with cadaveric renal allograft survival and blood transfusions. AB - One-way and two-way mixed lymphocyte reactions (MLRs) between 65 cadaveric renal allograft recipients (R) and their specific-donor (D) and pooled third-party (P) cells were measured using a 5-day assay. There was no correlation between the results expressed as stimulation index, absolute counts, or the relative response and graft survival in transfused allograft recipients. Nontransfused recipients whose first graft failed had significantly higher responses to P, but not D, than those with successful grafts. The one-way MLRs to P of 61 cadaveric graft recipients and 52 potential recipients were measured. No correlation was found between the magnitude of the response and the number of transfusions, time since the last transfusion, or peak cytotoxic antibody production. Our results suggest that a standard 5-day MLR has little clinical value in predicting the results of cadaveric transplantation in HLA-A,B-mismatched recipient-donor pairs. We could not demonstrate any overall effect of transfusions on the MLR, suggesting that this may not be the mechanism by which transfusions exert their effect on graft survival. PMID- 6234686 TI - Control by positive and negative regulatory cells of the generation of antigen specific suppressor T cells that inhibit cytotoxic T cell responses to alloantigens. AB - The induction of a cytotoxic T cell response requires interaction with T helper (TH) cells and can be suppressed by T suppressor (TS) cells. However the control mechanisms that regulate the regulatory cells themselves have not been clearly elucidated. We have designed a three-step sequential culture system to analyze the regulatory controls operating on antigen-specific Ts cells active in the inhibition of CTL responses to alloantigen. The generation of T suppressor cells requires a positive collaborative interaction with a Ts-directed helper cell and is negatively regulated by interaction with a TS-directed inhibitory T cell. In the system described, both Lyt 1+2- and Lyt 1-2+ radioresistant effector TS are observed. The suppressive effect of these is subject to negative control by a T cell inhibitor. The Lyt 1-2+ Ts have been directly shown to be strongly inhibited by Lyt 1+2+ TS-directed inhibitors. Analysis of the regulatory effects mediated by populations of cells treated with anti-Thy 1.2 or anti-Lyt antibodies indicates a very complex network of TH and T inhibitors acting to control antigen specific TS generation. An antigen-specific immune network is proposed to explain the control of CTL responses and the regulators of CTL responses and is discussed in light of our experimental observations on the positive and negative control of the generation of TS. PMID- 6234688 TI - Absence of dependence on cyclophosphamide-sensitive suppressor cells in suppression of cell-mediated immunity by cyclosporine in the guinea pig. PMID- 6234687 TI - The new recombinant haplotypes r19 and r20 in RT1, the MHC of the rat. AB - Two new recombinants, designated r19 and r20, have been found in RT1, the rat major histocompatibility complex. In both recombinants the A and I regions appear to be derived from one parental haplotype, and a further region, able to induce both skin graft rejection and cytotoxic lymphocytes is derived from the other. The properties of this region appear similar to the previously described RT1C and the putative genotypes of the PVG X R19 and PVG X R20 congenic lines are therefore AaIaCc and AcIcCa, respectively. Evidence suggesting that the two recombinants may not be reciprocal is discussed. PMID- 6234689 TI - Cell-mediated hyperacute rejection. V. Cessation of transfer effectiveness. PMID- 6234690 TI - [Detection of active genes in mouse metaphase chromosomes using DNAse I in situ]. AB - The active genes of rRNA were localized near the centromere region of metacentric translocation chromosome Rb(9, 19) 163H in early mouse embryos revealed by differential silver staining of NORs. Using nick-translation reaction in situ it was shown that rRNA genes in metaphase chromosomes were in a deoxyribonuclease I sensitive conformation. This method of nick-translation in situ can be used for visualization of various actively transcribed regions of genome at metaphase. PMID- 6234691 TI - [Practical management in the transport of patients on international flights]. PMID- 6234692 TI - Subcutaneous pulsatile LH-RH therapy of secondary amenorrhoea. AB - A novel promising approach to the treatment of anovulatory infertility has been investigated during the last few years. Pulsatile long-term subcutaneous administration of low doses of LH-RH given by means of small portable computerized infusion pumps has proved to be practical, safe and effective for induction of follicular maturation and ovulation in women with amenorrhoea due to inadequate pituitary gonadotrophin secretion. PMID- 6234693 TI - Long-term subcutaneous pulsatile low dose LH-RH administration for treatment of infertile men with secondary hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism. AB - Chronic pulsatile subcutaneous low dose LH-RH treatment was given to three infertile men with longstanding (2-4 years) secondary hypothalamic pituitary failure. Before the therapy they had very low serum concentrations of gonadotrophins and testosterone. They were impotent and could not produce any ejaculate for sperm analysis. The pulsatile LH-RH treatment, which was continued up to 250 days, was given by means of a small portable automatically-timed infusion pump. Fifty microliter of the LH-RH solution was infused during one min every 90 min. The LH-RH doses were 1, 5 and 20 micrograms. The serum concentrations of the gonadotrophins and testosterone were normalized in the three patients within 10 days of pulsatile low dose LH-RH therapy. Libido and potency returned. The first ejaculates contained no sperms. With continued LH-RH treatment spermatogenesis was induced and normalized. Two of the men fertilized their wives. The pregnancy tests were positive after 181 and 230 days of treatment, respectively. Two healthy girls have been born. Paternity tests were positive. The third man is still receiving pulsatile LH-RH therapy. He has up till now been treated for four months. Chronic pulsatile s.c. low dose LH-RH administration is a very promising new therapy for those hypogonadal men who previously have required human gonadotrophin treatment to restore fertility. PMID- 6234694 TI - Cellular uptake of hematoporphyrin derivative in KK-47 bladder cancer cells. AB - The fluorescence emission spectra and degree of fluorescence polarization of hematoporphyrin derivative (HpD) have been investigated using HpD-containing KK 47 cells, PBS and cetyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (CTAC) micellar solutions. The fluorescence emission bands in the HpD-containing cell suspension were red shifted and broadened as compared to those in the PBS solution. The degree of the polarization in the PBS and CTAC micellar solutions did not change with increasing incubation time, but in the cell suspension it increased temporarily and then decreased 4 h after incubation. These results suggest that HpD monomers and dimers may bind weakly to the outer cell membrane, and then slowly distribute throughout the intracellular loci in strong-binding form. In addition, the cellular uptake and/or binding loci of HpD were considered to be the mitochondria and nuclear membrane by subcellular fractionation and fluorescence microscopic studies. PMID- 6234695 TI - [Activities of students' scientific ophthalmological societies]. PMID- 6234696 TI - Noninfectious skin diseases of horses. PMID- 6234697 TI - Animals in aging research: requirements, pitfalls and a challenge for the laboratory animal specialist. AB - The prime goal of aging research is to gain some insight into the basic mechanisms underlying the aging process. The long lifespan and frequent mobility of humans as well as the legal and ethical constraints on human experimentation make man unsuitable for studying the aging process. Therefore animals, particularly rodents, are used in aging research. In studying the aging process in animals, one hopes to find means for the prevention or amelioration of at least some of the disabilities of old age in man. Many intrinsic and extrinsic factors can influence the outcome of animal experiments; hence an extensive monitoring program is a prerequisite in aging research. An important role in controlling the quality of the animals is reserved for the laboratory animal specialist. Since he is faced with all aspects of laboratory animal science, aging research is a challenging area for such a specialist. PMID- 6234698 TI - [The structure and ultrastructure of the lung in chickens]. AB - Ultrastructural investigations were carried out on the lung of broiler birds. It was confirmed that the air-blood barrier located in the respiratory bronchioles consists of three layers as it does in the alveoles of mammals. Besides, it was found that similarly to the picture in mammals there are in chickens granular pneumocytes containing osmiophilic bodies that are in fact globularly winded parallel lamellae. These lamellar bodies were found to approach (in the course of their maturation) the surface of the large alveolar cells. Upon reaching their membrane the latter was lysed and the released surfactant spread over the cell surface. PMID- 6234699 TI - Multiple factors and processes involved in host cell killing by bacteriophage Mu: characterization and mapping. AB - The regions of bacteriophage Mu involved in host cell killing were determined by infection of a lambda-immune host with 12 lambda pMu-transducing phages carrying different amounts of Mu DNA beginning at the left end. Infecting lambda pMu phages containing 5.0 (+/- 0.2) kb or less of the left end of Mu DNA did not kill the lambda-immune host, whereas lambda pMu containing 5.1 kb did kill, thus locating the right end of the kil gene between approximately 5.0 and 5.1 kb. For the Kil+ phages the extent of killing increased as the multiplicity of infection (m.o.i.) increased. In addition, killing was also affected by the presence of at least two other regions of Mu DNA: one, located between 5.1 and 5.8 kb, decreased the extent of killing; the other, located between 6.3 and 7.9 kb, greatly increased host cell killing. Killing was also assayed after lambda pMu infection of a lambda-immune host carrying a mini-Mu deleted for most of the B gene and the middle region of Mu DNA. Complementation of mini-Mu replication by infecting B+ lambda pMu phages resulted in killing of the lambda-immune, mini-Mu-containing host, regardless of the presence or absence of the Mu kil gene. The extent of host cell killing increased as the m.o.i. of the infecting lambda pMu increased, and was further enhanced by both the presence of the kil gene and the region located between 6.3 and 7.9 kb. These distinct processes of kil-mediated killing in the absence of replication and non-kil-mediated killing in the presence of replication were also observed after induction of replication-deficient and kil mutant prophages, respectively. PMID- 6234700 TI - [Nicotinic acid metabolism in patients with non-coronarogenic heart diseases]. AB - To study the supply with nicotinic acid, 74 patients with rheumatic fever of varying degree and circulatory disorders, 10 patients with infectious-allergic myocarditis, 15 with tonsilogenous myocardiodystrophy were examined. Seventy normal subjects served as control. The supply with vitamin PP was evaluated from the blood content of NAD, NADP and N'-methylnicotinamide and its excretion with urine. All the patients with myocarditis and rheumatic fever demonstrated a decrease in the nicotinic acid supply which became more marked as the degree of rheumatic fever rose and circulatory failure supervened. In patients with tonsilogenous myocardiodystrophy , the disturbance of the vitamin supply was less overt. PMID- 6234701 TI - [Activities of medico-epidemiological centers of the Russian S.F.S.R. with regard to the control of pesticide residues in food 1975-1980]. PMID- 6234702 TI - [Amino acid composition and biological value of domestic cheeses]. PMID- 6234704 TI - [Characteristics of the course of experimental pneumonia in exposure to organochlorine and organophosphate chemical poisons]. PMID- 6234703 TI - [Analysis of aflatoxin contamination of food products in various regions of the Georgian SSR 1979-1982]. PMID- 6234705 TI - [Intracutaneous paravertebral hemoblock--a treatment technic for lumbosacral pain syndromes]. PMID- 6234706 TI - [Clinical aspects and diagnosis of pulmonary edema in pulmonary thromboembolism]. AB - Thirty six patients that died with pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) were retrospectively followed up, whose diagnosis had been made both by the classical instrumental investigations and by angiopulmography and scintigraphy of the lungs. The diagnosis pulmonary edema in PTE was made on the base of the clinical picture, in which the characteristic pink expectoration was absent. ECG was with signs of acute pulmonary heart. The X-ray of the lungs shows, most frequently, right and diffuse interstitial pulmonary edema. PMID- 6234707 TI - [Intracoronary thrombolysis. Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty]. PMID- 6234708 TI - [Comparative studies with 4 orthogonal electrocardiographic systems of patients with right-ventricular hypertrophy]. AB - One hundred and four patients with established mainly clinical right ventricular hypertrophy were studied (in three age subgroups, separately males and females). The predominating diseases were decompensated pulmonary heart (54 patients), mitral stenosis (45 patients). The orthogonal ECG systems of Frank, McFee , SVEC III and Akulini cev were used. The results from 40 patients were also discussed that were also with right ventricular hypertrophy but established by some other methods. The examinations of 103 healthy subjects served for comparison. The younger (mainly patients with mitral stenosis) were established to have changes in SY whereas the changes in the older were mainly in SX and QZ RZ. Consideration given to the indices--duration of SX over the norm and RX/SZ less than 1 with Akulini cev method and the duration of SY over the norm and RY/SZ less than 1, the systems of McFee and SVEC III proved to be with best diagnostic accuracy in right ventricular hypertrophy. PMID- 6234709 TI - [Comparative studies with 4 orthogonal electrocardiographic systems of patients with bilateral ventricular hypertrophy]. AB - One hundred forty five patients were examined, with established mainly clinically, bi-ventricular hypertrophy of three age subgroups, males and females separately and with the diagnosis, mitral-aortic heart defect, congestive cardiomyopathy, pulmonary heart with arterial hypertension and congenital heart defect with left-to-right shunt. The orthogonal electrocardiographic systems of Frank, McFee , SVEC III and Akulini cev were used. Additionally, the results from 54 patients were discussed that had bi-ventricular hypertrophy definitely established by some other methods. The examinations of 103 healthy subjects served for comparison. The signs of left ventricular hypertrophy (RX RZ over the norm) were established to be well manifested by all systems used and at all ages, whereas the right ventricular--with increased SY in the younger patients and SX- in the older ones. Consideration given to the sum of the electrocardiographic indices of left- and right-ventricular hypertrophy, it could be said, that the systems of McFee and SVEC III, from all the orthogonal ECG systems used, are with the highest diagnostic accuracy in bi-ventricular heart hypertrophy. PMID- 6234710 TI - [Role of immune complexes in parasitic diseases]. PMID- 6234712 TI - [Development of the need for rehabilitation--an attempt at an objectivation]. PMID- 6234711 TI - [Heart involvement in lung sarcoidosis. Results of a retrospective analysis of clinical courses collected over a 10-year period]. AB - Both the roentgenographic assessment of heart size (CTR) and the evaluation of serial ECG are simple methods in diagnosing possible heart involvement in patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis. Heart rhythm disturbances (ventricular ectopic beats, atrial and ventricular tachycardia, bundle branch block, high degree av-block) are of particular diagnostic value especially in view of intermittent occurrence or therapeutic disappearance. Other noninvasive methods as vectorcardiography, echocardiography and nuclear myocardial imaging are of worth in confirming the diagnosis. There are some difficulties in differential diagnosis of other cardiomyopathies and ischaemic heart disease. PMID- 6234714 TI - [Laparoscopy findings of the yellow spot, a focal fatty liver infiltration]. AB - From 1976 to 1982 in 279 patients amongst 3719 laparoscopies focal fatty liver infiltrates were found at the right and/or left liver edge next to the insertion point of the round ligament. These so-called "yellow spots" mainly could be recognized in case of normal liver tissue and in cases suffering from chronic hepatitis insofar as a cirrhotic transformation or a significant fibrosis had not taken place. The localization and the shape of these focal lesions indicate, that an abnormality in the portal blood supply of the corresponding area may play an etiologic role for the development of the fatty infiltration. PMID- 6234716 TI - [Clinical aspects of chronic lupus erythematosus in a markedly continental climate]. PMID- 6234715 TI - [Mechanically-induced contact dermatitis and psoriasis]. AB - Frictional eczema seems to be quite common, as is here illustrated by means of a few examples. A post-office official showed an eczema on both palms brought on by a rough tabletop . A bus driver had an eczema of the fingertips caused by contact with tickets . Mechanically provoked psoriasis of the palms is well-known. The frequency of other frictional dermatoses, however, seems to be underestimated. PMID- 6234713 TI - [Vagus block in the therapy of bradycardial arrhythmias--the role of autonomic balance]. AB - A medicamentous therapy of bradycardiac disturbances of heart rhythm can be performed on the one hand by stimulation of the sympathetic nerve, on the other hand by blockade of the parasympathetic system. An ester of the tropic acid, Ipratropiumbromide (IP), shall be used for answering the question to what extent the heart rate may be increased in such arrhythmias. In 10 patients (4 females and 6 males, m 60 +/- 9 years old) with asymptomatic bradycardiac arrhythmias (heart rate less than 60 per min in the routine ECG; 3 patients AV-block III, 1 patient AV-block II II, 6 patients sinus bradycardia) at first a 24-hour long term ECG was recorded under ambulatory conditions, after this 1 mg IP was administered intravenously under continuous long-term ECG. After 4 days 10 mg IP orally thrice a day, in 3 patients also after 15 mg IP t.i.d. a repeated long term ECG was performed. These were evaluated using the computer-assisted "multipass scanning" system. RESULTS: 1 hour after 1 mg IP intravenously the m heart rate significantly increased about 17-87% (m 55%) in all patients (p less than 0.001). Proportionally to the increase of the heart rate it lasted 7-14 hrs. till the initial heart rate was reached again. 1-4 hours after intravenous injection in 2 patients sinus tachycardias developed as an expression of an increased sympathicotonia. 10 mg IP led to an increase of the heart rate of m 8% of the patients, during the day m 9%, during the night 4%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6234718 TI - [Eczema, neurodermatitis and psoriasis in children in Tadzhikistan]. PMID- 6234717 TI - [A case of severe form of psoriasis and systemic scleroderma]. PMID- 6234719 TI - [Foot mycoses in industrial workers]. PMID- 6234722 TI - [Significant savings in use of dental alloys]. PMID- 6234721 TI - [Application of removable orthodontic appliances in the initial mixed dentition period]. PMID- 6234720 TI - [Use of histoelectrofocusing in the determination of PGM1 subtypes in human body tissues]. AB - The present study reports the successful application of histo-electrofocusing to the determination of PGM1 subtypes in various tissues of the human body. The method described here is of practical use in individualizing parts of cadavers stored for up to 1 week. PMID- 6234723 TI - [Restoration of a tooth with Cerestore full ceramic crown]. PMID- 6234724 TI - [Effect of trypsin on the immune response in localized staphylococcal infection]. AB - The influence of trypsin on the formation of immune response induced by a thymus dependent antigen at different periods of localized staphylococcal infection has been studied. A single intramuscular injection of bovine trypsin has been found to enhance immune response to sheep red blood cells (SRBC) in healthy mice and, to a still greater degree, in mice with localized staphylococcal infection. the development of localized staphylococcal infection has been shown to have no influence on the manifestation of the immuno-suppressive effect of splenocytes in SRBC-immunized mice or to enhance this effect. The injection of trypsin decreases the immunosuppressive effect of splenocytes in healthy or staphylococcus-infected hyperimmune mice. PMID- 6234725 TI - [Immunity to diphtheria and tetanus in some of the administrative territories of the RSFSR]. AB - The article deals with the state of immunity to diphtheria and tetanus among the adult population in some administrative regions of the RSFSR. Of the children and adults covered by the survey, 91.3-96.7% were found to have protective antibody titers against diphtheria and 98.7-100%, against tetanus. An essential drop in the level of immunity to diphtheria in persons over 18 years of age was revealed: 71.7% of them were nonimmune, which correlated with the high morbidity rate among these persons. At the same time the percentage of adults nonimmune to tetanus was considerably lower than that of adults nonimmune to diphtheria, reaching only 27.1%. The state of immunity to tetanus in adults was found to depend on the seasons. PMID- 6234726 TI - [Evaluation of the effectiveness of an antirabies serum purified and concentrated by the Prosdis-4 method]. AB - The data on the use of rabies antitoxin obtained by the method ensuring the isolation of active immunoglobulin fractions are presented. The trial was carried out in the Kazakh SSR and the Uzbek SSR. The preparation was injected to subjects bitten by animals, in doses of 5 to 40 ml, depending on the localization of bites, the character of lesions and the age of victims. Antitoxin " Prosdis -4" was found to possess low reactogenicaty . During the term of observation (1 year) no cases of rabies were registered among the immunized victims. PMID- 6234727 TI - [Characteristics of the T-system of immunity in patients with craniocerebral injuries]. AB - The T immunity system in patients with isolated and combined craniocerebral trauma is characterized during the course of the posttraumatic period. The revealed T lymphocytopenia and decrease in the fraction of the immunoregulating cells are, on the one hand, the cause of the frequent inflammatory complications and, on the other, conducive to the development of autosensitization of the organism to the brain antigens, which was confirmed in study of the specific features of delayed hypersensitivity. PMID- 6234728 TI - [Correlation between the myotatic reflex, the functional stretch reflex and reaction time]. PMID- 6234729 TI - Sternocostoclavicular hyperostosis. A case report. PMID- 6234730 TI - [Address for the session commemorating Dr. Marey's "The biomechanics of gait"]. PMID- 6234731 TI - [Laser rays and their use in physical medicine]. PMID- 6234733 TI - [Juvenile kyphosis]. AB - The Authors discuss the juvenile kyphosis, a relatively frequent but neglected pathology. They consider the two significant clinical pictures: postural kyphosis and Scheuermann disease with their clinical, radiographic and therapeutic aspects. In the first entity repeated controls, a correct bearing, physical training and sport are necessary. In the second the treatment is based on physiokinesitherapy and a modified Milwaukee brace for an average time of 21 months. Are considered in this paper 64 cases of Scheuermann disease treated between 1977 and 1982 by the Orthopedic Clinic of the University of Parma, with relative results, classified as positive. PMID- 6234732 TI - [Benign neoplasms of the soft tissues of the oral cavity]. AB - The Authors, starting from a statistical study of Gennari et al., point out the frequency of the benign neoformations in the soft tissue of the oral cavity. They describe then the most frequently findable histological forms and the problems posed to the clinic and the surgeon by some histological forms such as the mixed tumours of the minor salivary glands and the fibropapillomatosis of the vestibular fornices. The Authors conclude stating that they not always are harmless neoformations and easily surgically excisable. PMID- 6234734 TI - [Continuous closed aspiration lavage in the prevention and treatment of bone infections]. AB - The Authors report their experience on bone infection treatment by means of closed circulation and suction. After a brief history of the informing and applying principles of the method, they expose the results obtained in 41 cases of septic lesions of the skeletal system. Since the patients were treated about 6 years ago, it is therefore possible state the reliability and effectiveness of this therapy. thirty-one (31) exposed fractures, six (6) osteomyelitis and four (4) infected pseudoarthrosis are considered, with a positive result respectively in 87%, 84% and 75% of cases. Considering the initial gravity and the reasons of failure, the Authors conclude that the method, always associated to other surgical acts, is efficacious and finds a precise and precious collocation in the therapeutic outfit. PMID- 6234735 TI - [First pharmacological studies of the properties of bottled Tesorino water]. AB - The Authors carried out a series of researches aiming to control, over time, the state of preservation and the biological properties of a magnesic-calcic-sulfate bicarbonate medium-mineral water, also available on the market for dietetic purposes. The investigations allowed to demonstrate that when the bottles are opened the pH is stable on the starting values even for bottles opened after more than 400 days from bottling them. It was observed, however, that with bottles which had been left opened for many days, the pH of the older bottles was more stable, while the one of bottles only 50 days old tended to move towards alkaline values and to remain unchanged during the following days. The control of the zymosthenic properties in vitro, with amylase and trypsin on the relative substrates, made possible to demonstrate that the presence of the water under study considerably favours these enzymic processes, which need considerably smaller amounts of enzyme, in comparison with the tests performed on control solutions. Such effect is constantly present even after the water has been bottled for a long time. Tests on loading diuresis on albinic rats showed that the water under study favours a lot the kidney emuntory activity also in not previously treated animals. Animals previously watered with the medium-mineral water, however, in the loading tests with the various waters display a greater functional activity from the kidney "trained kidney". Moreover, the Authors point out that, with such water, the diuretic response seems to be improved of water is drunk after eating. PMID- 6234736 TI - [Mesenteric fibromatosis. Anatomo-clinical studies of a case]. AB - Mesenteric fibromatosis is a rare lesion associated with an insidious onset and with a movable mass representing frequently the only expression of disorder clinically. This mesenchymal lesion is a well differentiated fibrous growth perhaps catalogued as a pseudotumor. The authors describe one case treated surgically. The general series is reviewed and clinical and pathological comments are made about the diagnostic and etiological aspects of the disease. PMID- 6234737 TI - [Transbronchial needle-aspiration cytology (TBAC) in fiberoptic bronchoscopy in the diagnosis of pulmonary coin lesion]. AB - The coin lesion of the lung is a frequent nearly always occasional radiological discovery and represent a diagnostic problem. But the drawing of a sample suitable for a cyto-histological study from the coin lesion can lead the physician to the correct diagnosis and to the fit therapy. Through the bronchofiberscope the sample can be obtained by transbronchial biopsy (TBLB), brushing, bronchoalveolar washing and now also by transbronchial fine needle aspiration (TBAC). Transbronchial aspiration (TBAC), devoid of hemorrhagic complications, is not a method apart; on the contrary it is complementary method for the diagnosis of pulmonary coin lesion. PMID- 6234738 TI - [Diverticulitis of the cecum]. AB - Cecal diverticulitis, is not a common disease, frequently congenital, becoming clinically evident between the second and the fourth decade. The diagnosis of cecal diverticulitis is often controversial since the signs and symptoms simulate an acute appendicitis or an appendicular abscess. Moreover, during surgery, sometimes it appears like carcinoma of the cecum. Barium enema is the only clinical test useful for a correct diagnosis before surgical procedure, but in the case of an acute appendicitis this test is normally not performed. The surgical treatment is, when possible, diverticular resection associated with cecal appendix resection. In doubtable or technically hazardous cases it is sometimes necessary a right hemicolectomy. Mortality and morbidity for minor procedures are negligible, whereas for right hemicolectomy they range between 3,7% and 11% according to different Authors. PMID- 6234740 TI - Functional analysis of adult T-cell leukemia cells. PMID- 6234739 TI - Reversible renal insufficiency after percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) of renal artery stenosis. AB - Three patients developed reversible renal insufficiency after successfully performed PTA at the same time as their hypertension was beneficially influenced. The main cause of this complication probably is toxic effects of contrast medium in combination with the temporary occlusion of the renal artery during the PTA of kidneys with previously damaged parenchymal and impaired perfusion. During the phase of renal insufficiency contrast medium retention in the renal cortex was noted at computed tomography. PMID- 6234741 TI - Acute megakaryoblastic leukemia preceded by refractory anemia with an excess of blast cells: leukemic transformation in an infant of Down syndrome recovering from transient abnormal myelopoiesis. PMID- 6234742 TI - [Acute interstitial nephritis and kidney failure requiring dialysis after sulfinpyrazone therapy]. AB - We report a case of acute interstitial nephritis (AIN) after a six weeks' therapy with sulphinpyrazone (Anturane, Ciba-Geigy, Wien). The patient presented with acute renal failure requiring hemodialysis. He died from acute cardiac failure three days after admission. According to our available information, it seems to be the first case of histologically proven acute interstitial nephritis with renal failure requiring hemodialysis after sulphinpyrazone therapy. Our observation underlines the suggestions made by Butler (7) and Mayrhofer et al. (19): During sulphinpyrazone therapy, serum creatinine and urea concentrations should be controlled regularly; the drug must be discontinued immediately when renal function is worsening; and the drug should not be administered in patients with even slightly impaired renal function. PMID- 6234743 TI - T-lymphocytes and the subpopulations of T-helper and T-suppressor cells measured by monoclonal antibodies (T11, T4, and T8) in relation to surgery under epidural and general anaesthesia. AB - Monoclonal antibodies reacting with specific determinants on lymphocytes and their subpopulations were used to study the influence of surgery under general or epidural anaesthesia on the number of T-cell (T11), T-suppressor cells (T8), and T-helper cells (T4). The T-cell fraction decreased significantly during surgery, but was only moderately reduced on the first postoperative day. The change in the T-cell fraction was the same under both types of anaesthesia. The helper and suppressor cell fractions were not significantly altered at any time during the study, and again there was no difference between the two anaesthetic regimens. The ratio of helper cells to suppressor cells (the T4/T8 ratio), which is widely used as an indicator of immunosuppression, showed no significant variations during the study, even though there were individual variations. Changes in the T4/T8 ratio were not correlated to the amount of blood transfusions, nor was there any correlation between the T4/T8 ratio and the thymidine uptake in mitogen (PHA)-stimulated lymphocytes. T-lymphocytes are depressed during and after surgery under general anaesthesia. From the present study, this does not seem to be due to changes in the balance between helper- and suppressor T-cells. PMID- 6234745 TI - Supernumerary ovary. AB - A case of supernumerary ovary is reported--the eleventh in the literature. The patient had two left-sided ovaries, associated with contralateral hemiuterus. PMID- 6234744 TI - The present state of the chemiosmotic coupling theory. AB - Although the general principles of the chemiosmotic coupling theory have become widely accepted, the (degree of) loc(aliz)ation of electrochemical proton potential difference cannot yet be deduced from the existing experimental data. Many results are not in ready accordance with the idea that one protonic electrochemical potential difference, i.e. the one between a homogeneous inner and a homogeneous outer aqueous phase, would be the high-free-energy intermediate of membrane-linked free-energy transduction. Rather, free-energy transduction in an organelle like a mitochondrion or a chloroplast might take place in large number (about 1 per H+-ATPase) of miniature chemiosmotic systems. The energized protons produced in such a miniature system might be largely (but not totally) confined to a proton-domain belonging to it. Hence, there might be many (rather than one) different relevant proton gradients. PMID- 6234746 TI - Chronically ill and handicapped children in the Nordic countries. PMID- 6234748 TI - Low plasma selenium in Down's syndrome (trisomy 21). PMID- 6234747 TI - Body proportions in precocious puberty. AB - Sitting height (SH) and sub-ischial leg length (SLL) were measured in 10 boys and 16 girls with precocious puberty; the patients were aged from 1.5 to 13.4 years at the time. Standard deviation scores (SDS) calculated for chronological age and bone age showed higher scores for SH than for SLL in all but two patients, both girls: the differences between the SDS for SH and SLL were more marked in the boys. The findings indicate that growth of the trunk is usually greater than growth of the legs in precocious puberty, particularly in boys. PMID- 6234750 TI - Immunoreactive copper-zinc superoxide-dismutase (SOD-1) in mosaic trisomy 21 and normal subjects. AB - Copper-zinc superoxide-dismutase (SOD-1) (E.C. 1.15.11) levels were measured in 9 children with mosaic trisomy 21 as identified by R, H, G-banding technics. Radioimmunoassay of erythrocytes and fibroblasts did not demonstrate any significant correlation between levels of SOD-1 and percentage of trisomic 21 cells in the two target cell populations studied. PMID- 6234749 TI - Acute interstitial pneumonitis and carbamazepine therapy. AB - A 14-year-old girl with skin rash and acute interstitial pneumonitis is presented. She had been taking carbamazepine for two months. Withdrawal of carbamazepine resulted in a prompt improvement of the clinical picture and a normalization of lung function tests. A hypersensitivity reaction to carbamazepine is suggested and the importance of a skin rash as first sign of a generalized reaction is stressed. Lymphocyte-stimulation-tests with carbamazepine were strongly positive in the patient and not in healthy persons nor in patients taking carbamazepine without adverse effects. PMID- 6234751 TI - Lymphocyte subsets in the white pulp of human spleen in normal and diseased cases. AB - The distribution of T and B lymphocytes and their subsets in the white pulp of human spleens extirpated from patients with cancer of the digestive tract and those with portal hypertension was examined with the appliance of monoclonal antibodies. T lymphocytes were distributed in the core of lymphatic sheath protuberance (Matsumoto), while the mantle zone of lymphatic nodule and germinal center were solely occupied by B lymphocytes. On the other hand, both T and B lymphocytes were found in the cortical zone of lymphatic sheath protuberance and outer and inner layer of lymphatic nodule. The ratio of both cells differed from one case to the other. The majority of T lymphocytes in the core of lymphatic sheath protuberance and those localized in the light region of germinal center were helper T cells. Although the lymphatic sheaths in cases with portal hypertension were narrower than those in the controls, there was no difference in the distribution density of T cells between the two groups. Hardly any B lymphocytes were found in the cortical zone of lymphatic sheath protuberance, while the mixture of T lymphocytes tended to become prominent in the outer and inner layer of lymphatic nodule in those cases. PMID- 6234752 TI - On the histogenesis of experimental pancreatic endocrine tumors. An immunocytochemical and electron microscopical study. AB - In order to identify the early stage of the development of experimental pancreatic endocrine tumors, Wistar rats were treated with streptozotocin and nicotinamide. One to 11 months after the treatment, the pancreata were examined for neoplastic lesions, using immunocytochemistry and electronmicroscopy. The earliest changes consisted of focal adenomatous proliferation of small ducts, occasionally including endocrine cell clusters. They occurred in the same frequency throughout the whole period examined, regardless whether the pancreata contained tumors or not, and were also present, though in lower numbers, in controls. Immunocytochemistry revealed no true budding off of endocrine cells from ductular epithelium. Thus the histogenetic relationship of the ductal proliferations to the endocrine tumors remains unclear. The earliest tumors were recognized at the fourth month. At the eleventh month 31% of the animals beared tumors. Insulin-positive cells predominated in the tumors, followed by somatostatin-, glucagon- and PP-positive cells. The multihormonal appearance of the neoplasmas is well comparable with the findings in human insulinomas. PMID- 6234753 TI - Prescription-event monitoring. A preliminary study of benoxaprofen and fenbufen. AB - Prescription-Event Monitoring (PEM) has been established at the Drug Surveillance Research Unit of the University of Southampton as a low-cost technique for ascertaining the pattern of events, whether drug-related or not, in large general practice cohorts. The reporting of "events" without the need for an opinion about the probability that they may be adverse drug reactions (ADRs) removes much of the uncertainty inherent in voluntary ADR reporting systems. Numerators (adverse events) and denominators (the number of prescriptions), enable estimates of incidence to be derived from the data. Where related drugs are studied concurrently, differences in the pattern of events may signal important differences in their safety or efficacy . A successful large-scale preliminary exercise involving nearly 9 000 doctors and 16 000 patients is described. PMID- 6234755 TI - [Tooth extraction without substitutive treatment in patients with severe hemophilia or other congenital disorders of hemostasis: importance of gelatin resorcin-formol glue]. PMID- 6234754 TI - Balloon catheter technique for dilatation of constricted cerebral arteries after aneurysmal SAH. AB - The authors describe the technique and explain the reason for the use of an intravascular balloon catheter technique in the treatment of vasospasm in cases of subarachnoid haemorrhage due to rupture of a cerebral aneurysm. In 33 patients with SAH 105 major cerebral arteries were dilated (in the system of internal carotid and basilar arteries). Only in one case vasodilatation could not be accomplished. The effect of dilatation of vasospastic arteries was stable and the functional state of the brain was ameliorated, local and general cerebral dysfunctional signs and symptoms due to vasospasm regressed. The authors discuss indications and contraindications for intravascular balloon dilatation of spastic arteries, the time for the operation, the length of arteries to be dilated, and the possible mechanism of amelioration of cerebral blood flow to the brain stem. PMID- 6234756 TI - 1 kgf/cm2--the isometric tension of muscle contraction: implications to cross bridge and hydraulic mechanisms. AB - Attention is drawn to experimental results from many laboratories which indicate that the isometric force (F) in the contraction of striated muscle fibers is linearly proportional to their variable cross-section area (A). Reversible swelling of intact, skinned, or glycinerated fibers can be induced by changes in tonicity, ionic strength or pH. In all cases where careful measurements of F and A are reported, the maximal isometric tension namely, T = F/A, is found around 1 kgf /cm2, even though F and A may change more than threefold for a given fiber at a certain length. These results seem to be independent of the fiber length or temperature. Thus, the isometric tension T in striated muscle does not depend on the number or the rate of the interacting cross-bridges. This result of constant isometric tension, which has so far received little attention, is however, a simple prediction of the hydraulic mechanism which is proposed for muscle contraction. Therefore, the hydraulic model, which is based on the hypothesis of vectorial flux of energetic protons deserves serious consideration. PMID- 6234757 TI - The role of Ca2+ in cross-bridge kinetics in chemically skinned rabbit psoas fibers. AB - The sinusoidal analysis method is applied to chemically skinned rabbit psoas preparations, and the effect of Ca ions on exponential processes is determined. The results are compared to the predictions of two classes of models, those in which the binding of Ca2+ to the thin filaments acts as a switch to fully activate a segment of the filament (switch hypothesis), and those in which the binding of Ca2+ results in a graded increase in activity in proportion to the fraction of sites occupied (graded hypothesis). Although qualitative features of our results are in accord with the switch hypothesis, quantitative examination of the results shows that there is an extra process (B'), which produces a W-shaped phase-frequency plot during partial activation. This result is consistent with the assumption that there are two activated states available to the thin filaments of structured muscle. PMID- 6234758 TI - Force response to width and length perturbations in compressed skinned skeletal muscle fibers. AB - Previous studies have shown that radial compression of calcium-activated skinned skeletal muscle fibers, with attendant reduction of filament lattice spacing, reduces isometric force generation. In relaxed skinned fibers, radial compression produces a marked increase in axial elastic modulus, and the response to a small amplitude length perturbation resembles that of a muscle in rigor. We interpret these results as indicating that radial compression of the myofilament lattice produces "hindered" cross-bridges which are load bearing but not force generating. The experiments reported here were designed to study the effect(s) of "hindered" cross-bridges on both the time course of isometric force responses following Ca2+ activation and fiber width and length perturbations. The experiments were carried out at room temperature on radially compressed skinned single rabbit soleus fibers. Force development following step-wise Ca2+ activation and step-wise changes of fiber width was "slow" (60-90 sec) compared to that in normal width fibers (approximately 1 sec), and could be approximated by a single exponential curve. Force redevelopment following a length release in compressed fibers was both more rapid and more complicated than force development following activation and width steps, and required a double exponential curve for an adequate description. The results are consistent with the notion that hindered cross-bridges form as a result of lattice compression, and that the hindered bridges affect the force responses following width and length perturbations. PMID- 6234760 TI - Gangliosides and disease: a review. PMID- 6234761 TI - Canine GM2-gangliosidosis: chemical and enzymatic features. AB - The chemical and enzymatic features in tissues of GM2-gangliosidosis are characterized by the analysis of glycolipids and FD-MS, and also by enzymatic analysis with DEAE-Sepharose column chromatography. The results suggest that canine GM2-gangliosidosis is equivalent to human juvenile GM2-gangliosidosis. PMID- 6234759 TI - Activator proteins for the catabolism of glycosphingolipids. PMID- 6234763 TI - Pelvimetric differences between two generations of a beef crossing. A preliminary study. PMID- 6234762 TI - Morphological and histological studies for the evaluation of several iron preparations in piglets. PMID- 6234764 TI - Experimental infection of chicken embryos and day-old chicks with a lentogenic strain of Newcastle disease virus. PMID- 6234765 TI - Some factors influencing the immunological adjuvant effect of Bordetella bronchiseptica on the immune response to tetanus toxoid. PMID- 6234766 TI - Immunomodulation of primary antitoxic-type immunity with inactivated Brucella suspensions. PMID- 6234767 TI - Comparison of the liver biopsy sample and the "whole liver" in respect of lipid content and fatty acid composition of lipids. PMID- 6234768 TI - Changes in the plasma concentration of sexual steroids in domestic hens during forced and hormonally-induced molt. PMID- 6234769 TI - Cold-exposure-elicited modifications in the thymus, bursa of Fabricius, adrenals and blood of chickens. PMID- 6234770 TI - Effects of type and intensity of assistance on acid-base balance of newborn calves. PMID- 6234771 TI - Effect of season and bacterial contamination on semen quality, freezability, and fertility of Hungarian Simmental artificial insemination bulls. PMID- 6234772 TI - Studies on the effect of premedication on electroanaesthesia in buffalo calves. PMID- 6234773 TI - Studies on the biology and pathology of the common carp parasite Myxobolus basilamellaris Lom et Molnar, 1983 (Myxozoa: Myxosporea). PMID- 6234774 TI - Studies on the protease inhibitor of Klebsiella aerogenes. PMID- 6234775 TI - Studies on the role of protease inhibitors in the pathogenesis of swine diarrhoea caused by Escherichia coli. PMID- 6234776 TI - Oesophagogastric ulcer in swine and vitamin U. I. Relative incidence of the syndrome in Hungary. PMID- 6234778 TI - Haemodynamic responses to experimental septic shock in calves. PMID- 6234777 TI - Oesophagogastric ulcer in swine and vitamin U. II. Nature of vitamin U. PMID- 6234779 TI - Reproductive disorders caused by trichothecene mycotoxins in a large-scale pig herd. PMID- 6234780 TI - Stachybotryotoxicosis as a predisposing factor of ovine systemic pasteurellosis. PMID- 6234781 TI - Metabolization of trichothecene toxins (T-2 toxin and diacetoxyscirpenol) in embryonated hen's egg. PMID- 6234782 TI - Efficiency control of embryo transfer by progesterone analysis in recipient heifers. PMID- 6234783 TI - Growth dynamics of the pelvic region in cattle. PMID- 6234784 TI - Percutaneous recanalization of iliac artery occlusions: an alternative to surgery in the high-risk patient. AB - Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty was performed successfully in three patients with total occlusions involving the iliac artery. Two patients had occlusion of the external iliac artery and the third patient had occlusion of the common iliac artery. The vessels were still patent at 3-12 months after the procedure. One complication occurred involving a thrombus in the common femoral artery of the diseased leg. The thrombus was surgically removed under local anesthesia. In high-risk patients, percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of total iliac artery occlusions may represent a viable alternative to surgery. PMID- 6234785 TI - Gastric air contrast: useful adjunct to hepatic artery scintigraphy. AB - The utility of scintigraphic views obtained after administration of sodium bicarbonate-citric acid-simethicone crystals (E-Z-GAS) for the determination of gastric extrahepatic perfusion was evaluated in 20 technetium-99m macroaggregated albumin hepatic arterial perfusion studies performed in 19 patients. These crystals produce carbon dioxide gas, distend the stomach, and allow better delineation of gastric activity (extrahepatic perfusion to the stomach). Conversely, a lack of change in activity in the left upper quadrant after the effervescent crystals have been ingested suggests no gastric activity (and no extrahepatic perfusion to the stomach). These "air-contrast" views added useful information in 16 of 20 studies. In three cases prior hepatic arterial perfusion studies without air contrast were misinterpreted as lacking extrahepatic perfusion, which was only recognized on subsequent studies through the use of the air-contrast views. In another case extrahepatic perfusion was erroneously diagnosed on a hepatic arterial perfusion study without air contrast, with a follow-up air-contrast hepatic arterial perfusion study showing this to have been a false-positive diagnosis. Air-contrast views of the stomach can be extremely helpful in verifying or excluding the diagnosis of gastric extrahepatic perfusion on technetium-99m macroaggregated albumin hepatic arterial perfusion studies. PMID- 6234786 TI - Scintigraphic evaluation of giant cell tumor of bone. AB - Technetium-99m methylene diphosphonate bone scans were performed in 21 patients with giant cell tumors of bone. All tumors showed increased radiophosphate uptake, often more intense at the tumor periphery than in its center. However, radionuclide bone scanning often overestimated intraosseous tumor extent as a result of increased tracer uptake beyond true osseous tumor limits. In addition, it failed to detect soft-tissue tumor extension in nine patients. Therefore, scintigraphy is less useful than either computed or conventional tomography in planning surgical margins of giant cell tumors. Gallium-67 citrate scans obtained in seven patients showed slight uptake in four tumors and no uptake in three. Radiogallium imaging is thus of limited use in evaluation of suspected giant cell tumors of bone. PMID- 6234787 TI - Localization of 99mTc methylene diphosphonate within synovial fluid in osteosarcoma. PMID- 6234788 TI - Elevated sacroiliac joint uptake ratios in systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - Sacroiliac joint radiographs and radionuclide sacroiliac joint uptake ratios were obtained on 14 patients with active systemic lupus erythematosus. Elevated joint ratios were found unilaterally in two patients and bilaterally in seven patients when their lupus was active. In patients whose disease became quiescent, the uptake ratios returned to normal. Two patients had persistently elevated ratios with continued clinical and laboratory evidence of active lupus. Mild sacroiliac joint sclerosis and erosions were detected on pelvic radiographs in these same two patients. There was no association between low back pain or HLA-B27 positivity and the radiographic or scintigraphic abnormalities. Elevated quantitative sacroiliac joint uptake ratios may occur as a manifestation of active systemic lupus erythematosus. PMID- 6234789 TI - The critical orifice revisited: a novel low pressure drop critical orifice. AB - The ability to maintain a constant air flow rate under varying load conditions is of basic importance in air sampling. Critical orifice flow devices are often used to accomplish this. A major disadvantage of most critical orifice designs is that a pressure drop in excess of 350 mm Hg (14 in. Hg) is required to ensure stable flow. It is possible, however, to design a flow restricting device which will function as a critical orifice at pressure drops significantly less than those required for conventional designs. Presented here is an inexpensive and convenient method for controlling flow in the range of 20-90 L/min. Pressure drop versus flow rate data demonstrate that a vacuum of 150 mm Hg (6 in. Hg) or less is required to reach critical flow conditions using this design. Thus the convenience of unattended constant flow rate control with a substantial reduction in vacuum pump capacity and cost is achieved. PMID- 6234790 TI - Sudden coronary death: relation of amount and distribution of coronary narrowing at necropsy to previous symptoms of myocardial ischemia, left ventricular scarring and heart weight. AB - The amount and distribution of coronary arterial narrowing by atherosclerotic plaque at necropsy is described in 70 victims, aged 22 to 81 years (mean 50), of sudden coronary death. Of 3,484 five-millimeter segments examined (mean 50 per patient) from the 4 major (left main, left anterior descending, left circumflex and right) coronary arteries, 950 (27%) were narrowed 76 to 100% in cross sectional area (XSA), 1,127 (32%), 51 to 75%; 689 (20%), 26 to 50%; and 718 (21%), 0 to 25%. More extensive severe narrowing occurred in the proximal than in the distal halves of the left anterior descending, left circumflex and right coronary arteries. Comparison between the 31 previously symptomatic victims (angina pectoris or a clinical acute myocardial infarction or both) with the 39 victims who had previously been asymptomatic disclosed a significantly higher mean percent of severely narrowed (76 to 100% XSA) 5-mm segments (30 vs 25%, p less than 0.005) and lower mean percent of minimally narrowed (0 to 25% XSA) segments in the symptomatic group (15 vs 25%, p less than 0.001). Comparison of the 31 patients who had a healed myocardial infarction at necropsy with the 39 patients who did not disclosed a higher mean percent of 5-mm segments narrowed 76 to 100% in XSA (33 vs 24%, p less than 0.001) and a lower mean percent of segments narrowed minimally in those with a left ventricular scar (13 vs 26%, p less than 0.001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6234791 TI - Treatment with combined intra-arterial 5-FUdR infusion and whole-liver radiation for colon carcinoma metastatic to the liver. Preliminary results. AB - Twenty-eight patients with colon carcinoma metastatic to the liver were treated with continuously infused intra-arterial 5-fluorouracil deoxyriboside (5-FUdR) and cyclical whole-liver radiation (2000-3000 rad). Survivorship ranged from 25 days to almost 4 years and was a clear function of the extent of liver dysfunction at the time of initiation of this treatment. Difficulties in establishing the objective complete response rates in patients with minor imaging abnormalities were frequently noted. Both extracorporeal and permanently implanted arterial infusion devices have been employed, the results favoring the internal infusion units. Under ideal circumstances (early treatment, disease limited to the liver, and a permanent indwelling pump), a median survivorship of approximately 2 years can be projected with a significant number of patients rendered free of progressive cancer in the liver for months to years. The dose limiting feature of this approach is treatment-related to hepatitis, which proved lethal in one of 28 patients thus far treated. Preclinical studies on the original and reduction of drug- and x-ray-induced liver toxicity should have high research priority. PMID- 6234792 TI - Death due to splenic rupture in suppressor cell mycosis fungoides: a case report. AB - A case of mycosis fungoides in which pathologic rupture of the spleen led to intraperitoneal hemorrhage and death is described. To our knowledge, splenic rupture has not been reported previously as a cause of death in mycosis fungoides. Immunologic studies demonstrated that the neoplastic cell was a suppressor/cytotoxic T-cell. In most cases of mycosis fungoides or the Sezary syndrome, the neoplastic cell has been a helper/inducer T-cell. This case was very aggressive clinically with prominent visceral involvement and suggests that mycosis fungoides may be clinically diverse as well as immunologically heterogeneous. PMID- 6234793 TI - Dual immunofluorescent analysis of human peripheral blood lymphocytes. AB - These studies reveal that a dual immunofluorescent labeling method is useful for enumerating cells from human peripheral blood that bear the helper, suppressor, and/or T-cell receptors. Fluorescein (FL)-conjugated Leu-3a + 3b antibodies were used to enumerate Helper (H) T-lymphocytes, while the B-phycoerythrin (B-PE) conjugated Leu-2a antibodies were utilized for quantitating suppressor (S) T lymphocytes. FL-conjugated Leu-4 antibodies were used to measure the T-lymphocyte activity. Dual immunofluorescent stained lymphocytes, prepared either from whole blood or by Ficoll-Hypaque, gradient cell separation, were analyzed by flow cytometry. Two light scatter parameters, forward and 90 degree, were used to define the lysed erythrocyte, lymphocyte, monocyte, and granulocyte populations. Only the lymphocytes were analyzed for dual immunofluorescence activity. The helper, suppressor, and T-lymphocyte distributions from 100 controls were as follows: The average percentages +/- SD of the helper and suppressor cells were 41.2 +/- 7.2 and 23.0 +/- 7.2, respectively. The H/S ratio was 1.99 +/- 0.77, while the T-cell distribution on 28 patients was 71.4 +/- 7.7. The Ficoll-Hypaque purified lymphocytes and lysed whole blood lymphocytes compared favorably in their H/S ratios. A comparison was made between the percentages of helper and suppressor cells enumerated by fluorescent microscopy and flow cytometry in which correlation coefficients of 0.80 and 0.86 were determined, respectively. These studies show that helper and suppressor T-lymphocytes can be quantitated simultaneously by flow cytometry, which enables one to correlate the phenotypic activities of two antibodies against cell surface receptors and permits the measurement of a large number of samples in a minimal time. PMID- 6234794 TI - Percutaneous or laparoscopic needle biopsy in the evaluation of chronic liver disease? AB - Liver biopsies were performed on 60 patients by means of percutaneous needle biopsy, and immediately after that procedure, during laparoscopy from the right and left liver lobes. The histological diagnoses obtained by examining the percutaneous biopsies were found to overlap with the final one that was based on an evaluation of all three liver biopsies. Moreover, highly significant correlation was found to exist between the scores of histological parameters of inflammation, fibrosis, necrosis, and steatosis. PMID- 6234795 TI - Intraabdominal pressure and ascitic fluid volume in decompensated liver cirrhosis. AB - Tense ascites is a widely used clinical concept lacking a quantitative correlate. In 13 patients with tense cirrhotic ascites we measured total intraabdominal pressure (IAP), hydrostatic pressure (HP), and tension. HP was defined as the level of ascitic fluid determined by percussion of the abdominal wall, and tension was the fluid level in the manometer above the HP. The total IAP is the sum of HP and tension. At a later, second measurement 11 patients significantly decreased their IAP. As expected in early stages of ascites resolution, major changes were found to be due to the reduction of the tension component, which accounted for 68% of the decrease in IAP. The HP seemed to show a definite decline only at a late stage of resolving ascites. Five patients, two with an essentially unchanged IAP and three with declining IAP, increased their ascitic fluid volume at the second study. The most probable explanation of this phenomenon is in the transfer of fluid from the edematous splanchnic organs into the peritoneal cavity in the early phase of ascites mobilization. PMID- 6234796 TI - Idiopathic acute interstitial nephritis: characterization of the infiltrating cells in the renal interstitium as T helper lymphocytes. AB - A previously healthy 39-year-old man presented with acute renal failure. There was no history of exposure to drugs nor was there any infection. Renal biopsy revealed interstitial nephritis with extensive acute degenerative changes in the tubules and extensive interstitial infiltration with mononuclear cells and no eosinophils. Monoclonal antibody staining studies identified the cells in the renal interstitium to be a helper/inducer subset of T lymphocytes. We suggest that a delayed hypersensitivity mechanism played a pathogenetic role in this patient's idiopathic acute interstitial nephritis. PMID- 6234797 TI - Legal issues associated with the handling of cytotoxic drugs. AB - Legal issues associated with the handling of cytotoxic drugs are discussed. The essential legal elements of negligence and proof requirements are briefly reviewed as they relate to the liability of various parties for injury caused or aggravated by the handling of cytotoxic drugs. Legal remedies in these cases- such as workmen's compensation claims, claims against independent contractors, and claims against product manufacturers--are outlined, and common defenses to product-liability cases are presented. The legal basis for determining liability for injury associated with the handling of cytotoxic drugs and the remedies available for such injury should be familiar to hospital administrators, drug manufacturers, and all personnel dealing with these drugs. PMID- 6234798 TI - Immune complex deposition and coronary vasculitis in systemic lupus erythematosus. Report of two cases. AB - Extramural coronary arteries were examined in two patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Coronary vasculitis was found in both patients. One patient with clinically and serologically inactive SLE had died suddenly and was found to have a myocardial infarction secondary to the coronary vasculitis. Immunopathologic studies demonstrated immune reactants in the walls of inflamed and noninflamed arterial segments in a pattern consistent with immune complex aggregates. Immunologic injury secondary to immune complex deposition may be responsible for the development of coronary disease in patients with SLE. This has been demonstrated in experimental animals but not in humans. Although this is an uncommon complication of SLE, it represents a cause of sudden death and a potentially treatable lesion in this patient population. Its occurrence may be related to the deposition of immune aggregates in the walls of coronary vessels. PMID- 6234799 TI - Hypertension and sudden death. Increased ventricular ectopic activity in left ventricular hypertrophy. AB - The present study was designed to detect and quantify cardiac arrhythmias in hypertensive patients with left ventricular hypertrophy. Continuous ambulatory electrocardiographic tracings and arterial pressure were recorded for 24 hours in 14 normotensive subjects, 10 patients with established essential hypertension without left ventricular hypertrophy, and 16 hypertensive patients with left ventricular hypertrophy by electrocardiographic criteria. Urinary excretion of norepinephrine was simultaneously measured over four successive four-hour and one eight-hour period. Patients with left ventricular hypertrophy had significantly more ventricular (but not atrial) premature contractions than those without left ventricular hypertrophy or than normotensive subjects. Five patients with left ventricular hypertrophy had episodes of more than 30 premature ventricular contractions per minute. Higher-grade ventricular ectopic activity such as coupled premature ventricular contractions was seen in two, and multifocal premature ventricular contractions were seen in three in the group with left ventricular hypertrophy. No difference in urinary catecholamine excretion rates among the three groups was seen. Left ventricular hypertrophy has been shown to be an independent risk factor for sudden death and acute myocardial infarction. Electrocardiographic monitoring of patients with left ventricular hypertrophy allows identification of those who have the highest risk and, therefore, require the most aggressive therapeutic intervention. PMID- 6234800 TI - The natural history of Huntington disease: possible role of "aging genes". AB - In this paper we consider a model in which genetic factors that control aging also modify expression of the Huntington disease (HD) gene. Significant correlation coefficients were obtained for age-at-onset (AO) and age-at-death (AD) between affected parents and their affected offspring. However, more relevant to our hypothesis, the correlations between mean AD in normal sibs and AD in the affected parent (r = .57) and mean AD in their affected sibs (r = .54) are also significant. When onset is used instead of death for affected individuals the coefficients are .46 and .52, respectively. Also, AD in the normal parent is significantly correlated with AD in his affected (r = .39) and normal (r = .36) offspring. Current genetic theories on aging and related trends in HD are discussed. Our results and evidence from gerontological studies support the hypothesis that HD gene carriers with "superior" aging genes manifest symptoms later in life and have increased longevity over those with "inferior" aging genes. PMID- 6234801 TI - A genetic study of red cell osmotic fragility in Huntington's disease. AB - The erythrocyte osmotic fragility was evaluated on 19 unmedicated subjects with Huntington's disease and 42 individuals at 50% risk, 27 children at 25% risk, and a group of 60 hematologically normal control persons. Five older subjects at 50% risk for Huntington's disease as well as 6 Alzheimer's disease individuals were also evaluated for comparison. The osmotic fragility of fresh and 24-hour incubated red cells was analyzed and a fragility index calculated for each individual. The fragility index for the Huntington's disease group was statistically lower than that of the control group (P less than .001) suggesting that the Huntington's disease erythrocytes had a reduced osmotic fragility. In the 50% risk group, 45% of the subjects demonstrated decreased osmotic fragility and 55% had normal fragility. For those subjects in the 25% risk group, 22.2% had decreased fragility and 77.8% had normal fragility. Twenty-seven offspring were evaluated of the 14 persons at 50% risk for Huntington's disease with children; eight of the 14 individuals at 50% risk showed normal fragility and all 16 of their children showed fragility indices with the normal range. The remaining six persons at 50% risk for Huntington's disease had increased erythrocyte fragility and out of their 11 children, five showed normal fragility and six had decreased fragility. These data support the hypothesis of reduced erythrocyte osmotic fragility in individuals affected with and at risk for Huntington disease, and demonstrate the need of further study of the erythrocyte in this complex behavioral genetic disease. PMID- 6234802 TI - Corneal changes, hyperkeratosis, short stature, brachydactyly, and premature birth: a new autosomal dominant syndrome. AB - We report on an autosomal dominant syndrome consisting of unique corneal epithelial changes, diffuse palmoplantar hyperkeratosis, distal onycholysis, brachydactyly, short stature, premature birth, and dental problems. This condition has been present in seven persons in three generations of one family. Corneal biopsies demonstrate mild dysplastic changes in the epithelium. Skin biopsies show hyperkeratosis and acanthosis. In both eye and skin specimens, results of stains for polysaccharides, amyloid, and tyrosine were unremarkable. Roentgenograms of the hands show short distal phalanges, short 4th metacarpals, and constriction of the heads of some of the metacarpals. In three of four affected relatives, a variable medullary narrowness is seen. In mode of inheritance, clinical appearance, and/or associated defects. This syndrome appears to differ from previously reported conditions that include palmoplantar hyperkeratosis and/or corneal changes. PMID- 6234803 TI - Acquisition of conversational response skills by young Down syndrome and nonretarded young children. AB - The acquisition of conversational response skills by young retarded and nonretarded children matched for chronological age (CA) and expressive linguistic ability was compared. Retarded children showed delayed response performance in comparison with CA-matched nonretarded peers. When matched for language level, however, retarded children demonstrated significantly greater response abilities than did nonretarded children. These findings indicate that the language development process of retarded children is developmentally delayed and different with respect to the synchrony of syntactic development and communicative competence. The findings further suggest that the acquisition of conversational response rules is not determined by the child's expressive language ability as measured by a mean length of utterance score, but is directly influenced by social-experiential factors as measured by the child's age. PMID- 6234804 TI - Regular-class students' attitudes toward integrated multiply handicapped peers. AB - Regular-class students (N = 240) were questioned about their attitudes toward integrated multiply handicapped children. Factor analysis of the attitudes questionnaire revealed four dimensions of attitudes: casual-contact, contact desire, deviance-tolerance, and peer-acceptance. The effects of sex, grade (or age), and integrated school experience on these dimensions were analyzed. PMID- 6234805 TI - Reduction of tongue protrusion of a 24-year-old woman with Down syndrome through self-monitoring. AB - Tongue protrusion of a 24-year-old moderately retarded woman with Down syndrome was reduced through self-monitoring. A series of six, 30-minute audio cassette tapes, with decreasing numbers of beep tones, served as cues to self-monitor. Tongue protrusion was measured by an interval recording method with 10-second intervals for two, 5-minute periods randomly selected within two, 30-minute self monitoring periods. Tongue protrusion decreased from 95% of intervals during baseline to 0% of intervals during intervention and 3-week follow-up. This reduction of tongue protrusion was maintained when the self-monitoring procedures were gradually faded and withdrawn. The implications of fading self-monitoring procedures to promote response maintenance are discussed. PMID- 6234806 TI - What 'foot care' really means. PMID- 6234807 TI - Neurological factors in chronic pelvic pain: trigger points and the abdominal pelvic pain syndrome. AB - A collection of neurological signs and symptoms, entitled abdominal pelvic pain syndrome, is identified as the most common cause of chronic pelvic pain. Techniques to identify abdominal wall, vaginal, and sacral components are described, with painful tissues commonly limited to a single dermatomic area. Superficial local areas of hyperpathia (trigger points) appeared not only to cause the pelvic pain but also to be responsive to local anesthetics for a duration in excess of the presence of the medication. Successful responses were noted in 89.3% of 131 patients, with 92.6% requiring five or fewer treatments and 68.2% followed up for longer than 6 months. The diagnosis of the abdominal pelvic pain syndrome is an important component in avoiding unnecessary operation in patients with pelvic pain. PMID- 6234808 TI - T-cell subsets in patients with preeclampsia. PMID- 6234809 TI - T-lymphocyte subsets in the aqueous humor and peripheral blood of patients with acute untreated uveitis. AB - We evaluated T-lymphocyte subsets in 18 patients with active untreated uveitis and in 20 controls by monoclonal OKT (Ortho-Kung-T cell) antibodies. Both OKT4- and OKT8-positive cells were detected in the aqueous humor of patients with uveitis. The percentage of OKT4-positive cells (21.1 +/- 7.4) was larger than that of OKT8-positive cells (15.2 +/- 5.3) and the OKT4-OKT8 ratio was 1.40 +/- 0.3. A comparison of aqueous humor and peripheral blood cells from patients with uveitis showed diminished frequencies of OKT4- and OKT8-positive cells. The OKT4 OKT8 ratios were not significantly different. A comparison of peripheral blood cells from patients with uveitis and from controls showed that patients with uveitis had lower OKT4-OKT8 ratios. Lower percentages of OKT4-positive cells were also observed in the peripheral blood cells of patients with uveitis. PMID- 6234811 TI - Hypertrophy without contractile dysfunction after reversal of pressure overload in the cat. AB - To determine whether a causal relationship exists between the myocardial hypertrophy and the deficits in myosin ATPase activity and contractile function that have been associated with chronic, experimental pressure overload, we studied contractile function, myosin ATPase, and isomyosin pattern in a model of severe pressure overload in which the pressure overload was surgically relieved but hypertrophy persisted. Severe hypertrophy, contractile dysfunction, and pump failure were produced in the cat right ventricle by tight pulmonary arterial banding. In two groups of cats banded for 2- and 7-wk periods, right ventricular mass doubled, and contractile function was severely depressed compared with controls. In another group of cats subjected to severe right ventricular pressure overload for 4 wk, pressure overload was reversed by removal of the pulmonary arterial band. After a 4-wk recovery period for this group, right ventricular mass remained markedly increased, but contractile function had returned to normal. Changes in neither isomyosin composition nor myosin ATPase activity were found regardless of contractile function. Thus, following reversal of a right ventricular pressure overload severe enough to cause pump failure and a twofold increase in right ventricular mass, muscle contractile function can return to normal even when severe hypertrophy persists. Furthermore, changes in myosin isozyme composition or ATPase activity do not explain the changes in contractile function. PMID- 6234810 TI - Androgen and glucocorticoid mechanisms in exercise-induced cardiac hypertrophy. AB - Female rats were trained daily by means of two 2-h-long bouts of swimming separated by a 30- to 40-min rest period. Absolute ventricular weights of the swimmers were increased above sedentary control values by 6% after 2 days, 15% after 7 days, and 30% after 35 days of exercise. Resting levels of total and free serum testosterone and total 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone were not altered by the training. Total serum corticosterone concentrations at rest were significantly lower in the 7-day (149 +/- 16 ng/ml) and 35-day (169 +/- 24) swimmers compared with the controls (293 +/- 26). However, free corticosterone was not significantly reduced from controls in any of the swimming groups. Ventricular muscle cytosol androgen receptor binding dissociation constants and receptor binding capacities, measured using [3H]methyltrienolone (R1881), were not significantly different from control values in the exercised groups. Glucocorticoid cytosol receptor binding capacity in ventricular tissue, determined using [3H]dexamethasone, was significantly increased as femtomoles per milligram protein (39.3 +/- 3.1 vs. 31.4 +/- 1.4) and femtomoles per milligram DNA (2,683 +/- 226 vs. 1,786 +/- 71). These findings show that glucocorticoids, rather than androgens, undergo adaptive changes in the circulation and in muscle during the development of exercise-induced cardiac hypertrophy. PMID- 6234813 TI - Recurrent spontaneous abortion in human pregnancy: results of immunogenetical, cellular, and humoral studies. AB - We have confirmed that many women who suffer from recurrent spontaneous abortions have an increased incidence of histocompatibility (HLA-A, HLA-B, HLA-C, and HLA DR) antigen-sharing with their husbands. We also found abortion-prone women who did not share HLA with their mates; however, they failed to respond or responded suboptimally to their husbands when compared to third-party controls in the mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC) reactions. Some aborting patients manifested a husband specific MLC blocking factor in their plasma which was not present in their serum. In contrast, nonpregnant childbearing wives did not share as many of their husbands' HLA antigens as frequently, had normal or heightened MLC responses to their husbands, and showed no evidence of humoral blocking factors. We propose that HLA typing, MLC reactions, and blocking factor studies will serve as useful laboratory indices in future clinical studies of immunogenetical disorders associated with idiopathic habitual abortion. PMID- 6234812 TI - Paraphilias: phenomenology and classification. AB - DSM-III incorrectly designates the majority of paraphilias as atypical. Only eight are named, and those because of their forensic history, rather than their pathology and therapeutic need. In this paper, thirty-odd paraphilias are subdivided into six categories on the basis of their phenomenological dynamics. The new concept of the developmental lovemap is introduced for the first time. A new treatment originated by the author in 1966 combines an androgen agonist with counseling therapy. PMID- 6234814 TI - Habitual abortion: parental sharing of HLA antigens, absence of maternal blocking antibody, and suppression of maternal lymphocytes. AB - The immunologic responsiveness of eight women who habitually abort has been investigated. All shared an HLA-A or B antigen with their husbands. Sharing of an HLA-DR antigen was found in seven couples, one of which also had a second DR antigen in common. The probability for this high frequency of HLA-DR sharing is negligible (p = 0.0004), as calculated from the antigen frequencies among Europeans. Cells from the woman with two shared DR antigens displayed a minor response to her husband's cells but reacted strongly to control cells, whereas the other women's cells reacted normally to cells from both their husbands and controls in one-way mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC). Only minor cytotoxicity was displayed by women's cells in a direct cell-mediated lympholysis (CML) assay, but they mounted normal cytotoxic responses against both husbands' cells and control cells in an amplified CML assay. The sera from six of the habitually aborting women displayed no blocking activity in one-way MLC, and seven of them had no cytotoxic antibodies. Cells from all habitual aborters were suppressed in two-way MLC by cells from husbands and most controls. We hypothesize that increases in HLA compatibility between mother and fetus and in maternal susceptibility to suppressive influences are in some way linked to a deficiency in the development of antifetal antibody during pregnancy. As a consequence, the fetus may be deprived of the protection by maternal blocking antibody, which may allow maternal cytotoxic reactions to cause abortion. PMID- 6234815 TI - Wheelchair sports medicine. AB - Wheelchair sports medicine involves the assessment of recreational and competitive sport capacities of physically disabled individuals, medical classification to allow fair competition among athletes with various types and degrees of disability, the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of athletic injuries, and research into the biomechanics and physiology of wheelchair athletics. Involvement in wheelchair sports medicine activities increases professional awareness and provides a valuable referral source for organized sports activities. PMID- 6234816 TI - Histochemical correlates of hamstring injuries. AB - This study reports the histochemical fiber type composition of the human hamstring muscles. Muscle specimens from necropsy specimens were obtained from seven locations in the hamstring, four locations in the quadriceps, and one location in the adductor magnus. The hamstring muscles are shown to have a relatively high proportion of Type II fibers. Type II fibers are more involved with exercise of higher intensity and force production and it is postulated that the hamstrings are capable of high intrinsic force production. The hamstrings are two-joint muscles and are, therefore, subject to increased stretch and force production extrinsically by motion at the hip and knee. It is proposed that high levels of tension in the hamstrings produced by intrinsic force production and extrinsic stretch may make them prone to injury in periods of intense muscular activity. This proposal is also relevant to other frequent athletic muscle injuries. PMID- 6234817 TI - [Personnel training for fulfilling the requirements of the Cervical Cancer Program in the Russian Federation]. PMID- 6234818 TI - [Training in oncology of the medical personnel of obstetrical and gynecological institutions]. PMID- 6234819 TI - [Therapeutic physical exercise in static anomalies of the female genitalia and stress urinary incontinence]. PMID- 6234820 TI - A radioisotope method for assays of amylomaltase and D-enzyme. AB - A method has been developed for the assay of amylomaltase based on the incorporation of a [14C]glucose moiety of uniformly 14C-labeled maltose into a maltodextrin fraction insoluble in aqueous ethanol. The presence of dextrin at a high concentration greatly enhances [14C]glucose incorporation and serves to minimize interference with the assay by contaminating enzymes that hydrolyze substrates and products in the assay mixture. Since a number of other enzymes are capable of forming glucose in the assay mixture, the 14C incorporation is a more specific method of enzyme assay than are previously reported assays based on glucose release. PMID- 6234821 TI - Determination of coupling ratios of the calcium pump of sarcoplasmic reticulum by pulse methods. AB - Coupling of Ca2+ transport to ATP hydrolysis in isolated sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles has been studied following pulsed additions of either ATP or Ca2+. ATP was infused as a pulse into medium, whose free Ca2+ concentration was maintained constant at saturating levels by a calciumstat procedure, using either a Ca2+ selective electrode or the spectrophotometric arsenazo III technique as Ca2+ indicators. The low ATP levels virtually exclude contributions by "basal" ATPase activity. Passive leakage of Ca2+, monitored after an ATP pulse, does not contribute more than 5% to subintegral coupling ratios. Pulsed additions of Ca2+ were made into medium. containing saturating concentrations of ATP, whose hydrolysis was monitored by a pH-stat procedure. Ca2+-stimulated hydrolysis continued until all the Ca2+ was transported into the vesicles. Values for the coupling ratio, Ca2+/ATP, of 1.82 +/- 0.12 and 1.79 +/- 0.15 were obtained by the ATP- and Ca2+-pulse methods, respectively. PMID- 6234822 TI - A competitive binding assay for measurement of heparan sulfate in tissue digests. AB - Glycosaminoglycans complex with constituents of normal human serum, a finding that was exploited to develop a competitive binding assay for these substances. Heparan sulfate was isolated from renal cortex and radiolabeled with tritiated borohydride. The elution pattern of the radiolabeled material on Sephadex G-25, Bio-Gel P-30, and AG- 1X8 resin was identical to that of unlabeled heparan sulfate. The tritiated heparan sulfate formed radiolabeled precipitates when incubated with serum and zinc acetate. Binding was dose dependent and saturable. Heparin, heparan sulfate, and the chondroitin sulfates, but not hyaluronate or keratan sulfate, competed with the radiolabeled heparan sulfate for binding in a dose-dependent manner. The assay is specific for heparin polysaccharides in chondroitinase ABC-treated samples and is sensitive to microgram quantities. PMID- 6234823 TI - Motor innervation of the mole and shrew snout muscles by means of horseradish peroxidase technique. AB - The axonal transport method of the horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was used for defining the anatomical background of the snout movements in 54 Japanese shrew moles, Urotrichus talpoides, 4 Temminck's moles, Mogera wogura, and 21 big-clawed shrews, Sorex unguiculatus. Either snout muscle or proximal stump of the facial nerve on one side was exposed to HRP. The results obtained from this experimental study were as follows: HRP-containing cells were found either ipsilaterally or bilaterally in the facial motor nucleus in both the moles and shrews. The HRP containing cells were grouped into 4 subnuclei: ventrolateral, ventromedial, dorsal and accessory. In case of the snout muscle being exposed to the HRP were the HRP-containing cells found in the ventral groups. A HRP-positive fiber bundle was found at the genu of the facial motor root extending toward the median raphe, when the proximal stump of the facial nerve was exposed to the HRP. PMID- 6234825 TI - Perspectives on persons with disabilities. PMID- 6234826 TI - Defining liberty for handicapped Americans. PMID- 6234824 TI - Occupational influences on male fertility and sexuality. PMID- 6234827 TI - Opportunities for psychologists in disability research. PMID- 6234828 TI - The experience of disability. A challenge for psychology. PMID- 6234829 TI - Final report of the Task Force on Psychology and the Handicapped. PMID- 6234830 TI - Personal reflections. PMID- 6234831 TI - The shape of the dose-response curve to histamine in asthmatic and normal subjects. AB - In order to determine the shape of the dose-response curves of the human airways to bronchial challenge, changes in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) after inhaled histamine were measured in 8 current asthmatic, 2 mildly asthmatic, and 10 normal subjects. The challenges were continued until a plateau was reached (in all the normal and in the 2 mildly asthmatic subjects), or the FEV1 had fallen by 60%. A sigmoidal equation was fitted to the data points to obtain values for alpha (the position constant) and beta (the slope constant). All the normal and the 2 mildly asthmatic subjects reached a plateau value for fall in FEV1. Current asthmatics were differentiated from normal and mildly asthmatic subjects by the failure to reach a plateau at a 60% fall in FEV1 by higher values for alpha (greater sensitivity to histamine) and by higher values for beta. Ipratropium bromide (an atropinelike drug), in doses that completely inhibited the effects of methacholine, caused no change in the shape or position of the curves in normal or asthmatic subjects. It is concluded that the nature of the airway response to histamine is different in asthmatic from that in normal subjects. It is possible that asthmatics lack a normal mechanism that inhibits severe airway narrowing during histamine challenge. PMID- 6234832 TI - P300 and VEPs in Huntington's chorea. PMID- 6234833 TI - Genetic polypeptide variation by two-dimensional electrophoresis. PMID- 6234834 TI - Pediatric oncology group utilization of immunologic markers in the designation of acute lymphocytic leukemia subgroups: influence on treatment response. AB - The clinical application of blast cell immunophenotype testing is important in childhood ALL for the following reasons. (1) Knowledge of the immunologic group is important in predicting prognosis. Prognostic grouping may prove to be accomplished best by using a combination of traditional risk factors and immunologic phenotyping. However, definition of traditional risk factors may vary within the immunologic groups of ALL. (2) In assessing the relative effectiveness of different treatment regimens for children with ALL it is important to make comparisons among patients within the same major immunologic groups of ALL. (3) Identification of specific immunologic groups of patients within ALL may help in designing therapy for each group. The POG has already made preliminary attempts in this direction for T-ALL and B-ALL. However, leukemia species-specific therapy is still only a long-range goal. Laboratory research must endeavor to identify additional biologic characteristics peculiar to each major immunologic group of ALL. These characteristics may dictate therapeutic maneuvers in the future. PMID- 6234835 TI - Clinical applications of monoclonal antibodies in acute leukemia. PMID- 6234836 TI - Applications of 31P NMR to clinical biochemistry. AB - In summary, phosphorus NMR presents a well documented, continuous, and noninvasive assay of cell energy metabolism in a variety of body organs. In the form used here, it is appropriate to the study of vascular and genetic diseases of the skeletal tissues of adults and energy-related diseases of the body organs in neonates. Under these conditions, 31P NMR is not an expensive installation, has a small up-keep cost, and one which in our experience can be operated by a college graduate technician with ease. We foresee a significant and generalized application to tissue biochemistry in humans. PMID- 6234837 TI - The effects of acetazolamide and of ethoxzolamide on gastric microcirculation in rats (histochemical study). PMID- 6234838 TI - Upper transverse rectus abdominis flap: the flag flap. AB - A flap is described that consists of skin from the upper abdomen, based on the ipsilateral rectus muscle and fed by the inferior epigastric vessel (the " flag flap"). The flap has an arc of rotation of 360 degrees, and its safety appears to be equal, and perhaps superior, to the lower transverse rectus abdominis flap. In addition, the " flag flap" avoids the potential disadvantage of creating a hernia below the semicircular line in the lower abdomen. The secondary defect is also acceptable. In all cases direct closure was possible by performing a reverse type of abdominoplasty and placing the scar at the submammary fold. The flap has been used in 8 patients for coverage of postradiation and postexcisional tumor defects in the lower trunk and extremities. The complications have been few, although it is not advised that the flap be used for reconstruction of the upper chest area by stretching the pedicle. PMID- 6234839 TI - Pelvic floor reconstruction using the rectus abdominis muscle flap. AB - In the 2 cases reported the rectus abdominis muscle was used as a sling to construct the pelvic floor. In patient 1, a large squamous cell carcinoma of the perineum was treated with an abdominal perineal resection. Reconstruction was accomplished internally using a rectus abdominis muscle sling and externally with a gluteus maximus musculocutaneous flap. In the second case, the rectus abdominis muscle was used as a supportive sling to reinforce a perineal hernial repair and prevent recurrence. PMID- 6234840 TI - Blunt traumatic rupture of the abdominal wall musculature. AB - Only 38 cases of blunt traumatic rupture of the anterior abdominal wall musculature have been described in the literature to date. We describe a patient who sustained a complete transection of the right and a partial disruption of the left rectus abdominis muscle as well as multiple associated injuries secondary to blunt, crushing trauma. Postoperatively, he experienced several complications and developed a ventral and right flank hernia. The former was repaired with a rectus abdominis muscle flap and polypropylene mesh. The flank hernia was initially repaired with polypropylene mesh and a recurrence was repaired with latissimus dorsi fascia. PMID- 6234841 TI - The thrombogenicity of Dacron arterial grafts and its modification by platelet inhibitory drugs. AB - When blood flows through Dacron arterial grafts, platelets adhere in large numbers to the luminal surface of the grafts. Different types of commercially available Dacron grafts vary in their level of thrombogenicity. This thrombogenic response has been evaluated in an artificial circulation and in patients with Dacron aorto-bifemoral grafts, and the response can be modified by the use of platelet-inhibitory drugs. A double blind trial has shown that when a combination of aspirin and dipyridamole is administered to patients with femoro-popliteal Dacron bypass grafts, then the patency rate of these grafts can be significantly improved. PMID- 6234842 TI - Inguinal hernia: cremasteric muscle sling operation. PMID- 6234843 TI - Clinical and laboratory experiences with selective thrombolysis. PMID- 6234844 TI - Combined PTA and low-dose transcatheter fibrinolysis in PTA-induced complications and in arterial thrombosis. PMID- 6234845 TI - Percutaneous transluminal dilatation and recanalization: long-term results and report on experience with a new catheter system. PMID- 6234847 TI - Psychological aspects of spinal cord injuries--an important point in the outcome of rehabilitation. AB - With modern management of spinal cord injury, the mortality rate has reduced and life expectancy increased, and psychological and social counselling have become an integral part of the total rehabilitation process. Observation and exploration as well as some additional tests form the basis for a proper evaluation of the individual coping mechanism. Typical behaviour patterns are discussed and therapeutic approaches with specific indications, analysed. The most important issue, however, is the willingness of the family and the community to accept the disabled cocitizen as an equal partner in all activities concerned. PMID- 6234846 TI - Pathomorphology of the arterial wall following transluminal recanalization. Light and electron microscopic study. PMID- 6234848 TI - [Cyproterone acetate]. PMID- 6234849 TI - [The mechanism of action of cyproterone acetate in the treatment of hirsutism]. AB - Cyproterone acetate (CPA) in association with percutaneously offinistered estradiol has been used for the treatment of 150 hirsute patients for periods ranging from 6 months to 3 years. A spectacular clinical improvement ensued. Plasma testosterone (T) and androstenedione (A) fell from 69 +/- 24 to 33 +/- 8 and 210 +/- 103 to 119 +/- 25 ng/dl (mean +/- SD) respectively after 3 months of treatment and remained low thereafter. In contrast, T glucuronide (Tg) and 3 alpha-androstanediol (Adiol) remained high during the whole course of treatment: 37 +/- 9 and 115 +/- 43 micrograms/24 h respectively. In vitro T 5 alpha reductase activity (5 alpha-R) in pubic skin decreased from 147 +/- 34 to 79 +/- 17 fmol/mg skin after 1 year of treatment. To elucidate the discrepancy between plasma and urinary androgens levels, T production rate (PR) and metabolic clearance rate (MCR) were measured with the constant infusion technique in 6 patients before and after 6 months of treatment. PR decreased from 988 +/- 205 to 380 +/- 140 micrograms/24 h (mean +/- SD). In contrast MCRT increased from 1275 +/- 200 to 1632 +/- 360 1/24 h; this increase in MCRT explains the striking plasma T concentration fall and the high TG and Adiol excretion relative to the decrease in PR. Antipyrine clearance rate (n = 8) increased from 36.3 +/- 5.2 to 51.5 +/- 7.4 ml/min whereas urinary/6 beta hydroxycortisol remained unchanged. In conclusion, CPA acts through several mechanisms:(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6234850 TI - [Cyproterone acetate. 15 cases of hirsutism treated for 1 year]. AB - Fifteen women with idiopathic hirsutism (N = 11) or hirsutism with androgen excess (N = 4) were treated by Cyproterone acetate orally (50 mg from the 5 th to the 25 th day of the menstrual cycle) and Ethinyl Estradiol (day 15-25). Hirsutism was improved in 86% of cases with progressive improvement at 3, 6, 12 months. At 12 months, the clinical score for hirsutism was 56% of the original score. Disturbance of menstrual cycles was more frequent than reported with Hammerstein's pattern of treatment. Clinical and biological tolerance was good. delta 4 androstenedione decreased significantly at 6 months (respectively 2,26 ng/ml - 1,25 ng/ml). There was no significant decrease of plasma testosterone. Result of B 1-24 corticotropin test remained normal after 12 months of treatment. PMID- 6234851 TI - Genetic studies of PGM1 subtypes: population data from the Asian-Pacific area. AB - The distribution of PGM1 phenotypes from persons belonging to various ethnic groups in the Asian-Pacific area has been analysed using isoelectric focusing (I.E.F.) in 0 X 35 mm thick polyacrylamide gels pH 5-7. Comparison of the four common allotype frequencies indicates well-marked differences in their distribution. The PGM 1*1+allotype frequency varies from 43 to 77% in Western Samoa and Port Moresby, respectively. Melanesians from Papua New Guinea and Fiji, Aborigines from central Australia and Indonesians from the Lesser Sunda islands have higher frequencies of the PGM1*1-allotypes (21-25%), whereas east Asians and Indian populations have approximately half this frequency. Indian populations are distinctive in having higher frequencies of the PGM1*2+ allotype (22-31%). However, the lowest values (2%) are recorded in Micronesians. The Polynesians, except for Cook Islanders, are characterized by having the highest frequencies (23%) of the PGM1*2-allotype. These values are in contrast to the Papua New Guineans and Australian Aborigines where the PGM1*2-allotype reaches minimum values of approximately 1%. A new PGM1*7 Delhi allotype which we recently detected in Delhi, north India, has been found with polymorphic frequency in Madras, south India. The allotype frequencies have been used for genetic distance analysis to demonstrate the genetic affinities between the populations studied. PMID- 6234852 TI - Parental origin of autosomal trisomies. AB - Chromosome heteromorphisms of parents and their trisomic spontaneous abortions were compared in an attempt to determine the parental origin of 204 single trisomies, including cases of trisomy 3, 4, 9, 13, 14, 15, 16, 21 and 22, nine mosaic trisomies and nine double trisomies. Non-disjunction at maternal meiosis I was the most likely source of the additional chromosome for all trisomies studied, including the mosaics, and this was the case at all maternal ages. However, trisomy 21 had a significantly increased proportion of paternally derived cases by comparison with all other trisomies. Consideration of the sex ratio in cases of trisomy 21 of known parental origin suggests that there is an excess of males associated with paternal first meiotic division non-disjunction. The fact that this mechanism of origin is more prevalent in trisomy 21 may well explain why there is an excess of males associated with this abnormality but not with other autosomal trisomies. PMID- 6234853 TI - Central distal axonopathy syndromes: newly recognized models of naturally occurring human degenerative disease. PMID- 6234854 TI - Exacerbation of myasthenia gravis after removal of a thymoma having a membrane phenotype of suppressor T cells. AB - We describe a case of myasthenia gravis associated with a thymoma having a membrane phenotype of suppressor T cells, as defined by monoclonal antibodies. Thymectomy resulted in exacerbation of the disease, a drastic increase in serum acetylcholine receptor-antibody titer, and a decrease of the circulating suppressor T cell population. The findings indicate that the etiopathogenic relationship between the thymus and myasthenia gravis is variable and complex. PMID- 6234855 TI - Incidence and prevalence of Down syndrome. PMID- 6234857 TI - Sequence-determined DNA separations. AB - The variation in electrophoretic mobility of DNA under conditions of marginal helix stability provides a useful means for investigation of the relation between the helix-random chain transition and base sequence in natural DNA and a powerful procedure for separation of DNA molecules according to sequence. The use of statistical mechanical theory for analysis of the transition equilibria together with new, simplified theoretical considerations on the effect of strand unravelling on mobility have shown that the gel behavior is predictable for known sequences. A number of the distinctive consequences of the theory and their correspondence with the properties of real molecules have been demonstrated. These include the extremely close cooperative linkage of large blocks of bases into domains, the existence of sharp boundaries between domains, the major role of nearest-neighbor interaction in determining stability, the dependence of domain structures on neighboring and more remote sequences, and the depression of domain melting temperature if the sequence lies at the end of a molecule. New and unusual applications derive from the possibility of separating DNA molecules by properties of their sequence. Exceedingly complex mixtures, such as the sum of all fragments produced by the action of a sixbase specific restriction endonuclease on a complete bacterial genome, can be resolved completely. Additional inserted sequences are easily discerned. The difference of a single base pair in a molecule permits detection and isolation of mutant sequences. The need for full sequential analysis of long molecules for characterization of mutants can be reduced by localizing a change within a small fragment. PMID- 6234856 TI - Patterns of cerebral glucose utilization in Parkinson's disease and Huntington's disease. AB - Patterns of local cerebral glucose utilization were measured with positron emission tomography using the fluorine-18-labeled fluorodeoxyglucose (18FDG) method in 8 patients with Parkinson's disease, in 13 patients with Huntington's disease, in 15 subjects at risk for Huntington's disease, and in aged-matched normal control subjects. On the average, global cerebral metabolism in patients with Parkinson's disease was moderately reduced (20%), but the relative distribution of glucose utilization throughout the brain in these patients was normal. These results support the conclusion that alterations of the nigrostriatal pathway in Parkinson's disease have no major selective effect on the metabolism of particular cerebral regions. In Huntington's disease, however, there was a characteristic decrease in glucose utilization in the caudate nuclei and putamen, and this local hypometabolism appeared early and preceded bulk tissue loss. In patients with Huntington's disease, glucose utilization typically was normal throughout the rest of the brain, regardless of the severity of symptoms and despite the apparent shrinkage of brain tissue. The results also suggest the possibility that the caudate nuclei may be hypometabolic in some asymptomatic subjects who are potential carriers of the autosomal dominant gene for Huntington's disease. PMID- 6234858 TI - Cross-resistance among cinoxacin, ciprofloxacin, DJ-6783, enoxacin, nalidixic acid, norfloxacin, and oxolinic acid after in vitro selection of resistant populations. AB - Six different gram-negative bacilli were serially transferred through subinhibitory concentrations of seven quinolone derivatives or related organic acids. A gradual, stepwise decrease in susceptibility was noted with all seven drugs, and the resistant cultures demonstrated a concomitant cross-resistance to the other drugs. PMID- 6234859 TI - Metabolism of aflatoxin, ochratoxin, zearalenone, and three trichothecenes by intact rumen fluid, rumen protozoa, and rumen bacteria. AB - The effect of rumen microbes on six mycotoxins (aflatoxin B1, ochratoxin A, zearalenone, T-2 toxin, diacetoxyscirpenol, and deoxynivalenol ) considered to be health risks for domestic animals was investigated. The mycotoxins were incubated with intact rumen fluid or fractions of rumen protozoa and bacteria from sheep and cattle in the presence or absence of milled feed. Rumen fluid had no effect on aflatoxin B1 and deoxynivalenol . The remaining four mycotoxins were all metabolized, and protozoa were more active than bacteria. Metabolism of ochratoxin A, zearalenone, and diacetoxyscirpenol was moderately or slightly inhibited by addition of milled feed in vitro. The capacity of rumen fluid to degrade ochratoxin A decreased after feeding, but this activity was gradually restored by the next feeding time. Ochratoxin A was cleaved to ochratoxin alpha and phenylalanine; zearalenone was reduced to alpha-zearalenol and to a lesser degree to beta-zearalenol; diacetoxyscirpenol and T-2 toxin were deacetylated to monoacetoxyscirpenol and HT-2 toxin, respectively. Feeding of 5 ppm (5 mg/kg) of ochratoxin A to sheep revealed 14 ppb (14 ng/ml) of ochratoxin A and ochratoxin alpha in rumen fluid after 1 h, but neither was detected in the blood. Whether such conversions in the rumen fluid may be considered as a first line of defense against toxic compounds present in the diet is briefly discussed. PMID- 6234861 TI - [Experimental studies on oral administration of nitrosourea anti-tumor agent, MCNU]. AB - Experimental studies with orally administered MCNU, a water-soluble nitrosourea, yielded the following results. MCNU produced a significant increase in life span, and 60-day survivors were observed by various schedules in L1210 leukemia. The therapeutic ratios of MCNU were almost similar to those of CCNU. With Lewis lung carcinoma and Ehrlich ascites carcinoma implanted into the stomach wall, its antitumor activity by oral administration was slightly more effective than by intravenous route. In Beagle dogs, hematologic toxicity and gastrointestinal toxicity (vomiting, diarrhea) were noted by oral administration, similar to intravenous administration, but its toxicity was mild. The maximum blood level of MCNU was noted at 30 minutes after oral administration in Beagle dogs. The half life (23.7 min) by oral administration was similar to that by intravenous route. From these results, the oral administration of MCNU deserves the consideration as a form of treatment now given other MCNU routes. PMID- 6234860 TI - Toxic effects of fermented and unfermented sorghum meal diets naturally contaminated with mycotoxins. AB - Male weanling rats fed diets containing fermented and unfermented tannin-free sorghum meals naturally contaminated with traces of ochratoxin A, zearalenone, and an unidentified toxic substance developed anorexia. Mean changes in body weight over a 28-day feeding period for rats fed fermented and unfermented sorghum meal and ANCR casein diets of 8% protein were -2.8, +13.8, and +100.5 g, respectively. Rats fed fermented sorghum meal developed alopecia; hematological findings showed a decreased mean corpuscular volume, hypochromic microcytosis, balanced leukopenia, and hypoproteinuria . Histological findings showed testicular hypoplasia of the germinal epithelium and no mature spermatozoa. Necrosis and mineralization in Henle's loop were also observed. No damage was apparent to the liver, cerebellum, cerebrum, spleen, or adrenal glands. PMID- 6234862 TI - Ultrastructural and histochemical changes in the frog taste organ following denervation. AB - The fine structure of the taste organ in the Rana catesbeiana was observed by light and electron microscopy. The taste organ consists of three distinct cell types, the taste, supporting and basal cells as well as nerve elements. The present findings suggest that the taste cell might function not only as a chemoreceptor cell, but also as a paracrine cell. The basal cell also may have a dual function as both mechanoreceptor and paracrine cell. Furthermore, taste organs have been examined at intervals from 3 hrs to 120 days after sectioning of the glossopharyngeal nerves. The taste organs were almost intact throughout the experimental period after denervation and even after ceasing to produce impulses from chemical or mechanical stimuli. The dense-cored vesicles of the taste or basal cells, which may possess a paracrine action, still remain in the taste organ even 120 days after denervation. It can be concluded that the morphological integrity of the frog taste organ does not absolutely need the presence of the gustatory fibers in contrast to the nerve-dependent nature of the mammalian taste bud. PMID- 6234863 TI - Suppression of contact sensitivity to picryl chloride. Interaction between T suppressor auxiliary cells, suppressor factors and macrophages. AB - Immunization with picryl chloride generates cyclophosphamide resistant T immune cells (TDH) as well as cyclophosphamide sensitive T suppressor auxiliary cells (Ts-aux). T suppressor efferent cells do not inhibit effector phase of contact sensitivity in the absence of Ts-aux. These cells as well as macrophages adsorb TNP--T suppressor factor (TNP-TSF) and on these "armed" cells suppression may be transferred into recipients. Interactions between T-suppressor cells, their factors, Ts-auxiliary cells and macrophages are discussed. PMID- 6234864 TI - The lack of competition between two unrelated IgE antibodies in in vivo sensitization of mouse mast cells. AB - The relation between IgE antibodies of different specificity in in vivo sensitization of mouse mast cells were studied. In the system of active immunization with EA and KLH mixed with Al(OH)3 no inhibition of an IgE and IgGl response to one antigen by simultaneous administration of other antigen was observed. The lack of inhibition was reflected in serum anti-EA and anti-KLH antibody levels as well as in mast cell sensitization expressed in antigen induced histamine release. Furthermore, we were unable to detect an inhibitory effect of active immunization of mice with EA on in vivo passive sensitization of peritoneal mast cells. These observations indicated that in such a system immunization actively produced IgE antibodies do not saturate mast cell IgE receptors and do not inhibit subsequent sensitization of these cells with IgE antibodies of another specificity. PMID- 6234866 TI - [Chronic aortic insufficiency and mitral insufficiency. Correlation between left ventricular hypertrophy in electrocardiography and left ventricular mass]. PMID- 6234865 TI - The inhibitory activity of a proline-rich polypeptide (PRP) on the immune response to polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). AB - The effect of PRP on the humoral immune response to PVP was studied. It was found that PRP administered before immunization with PVP360 inhibits the immune response to this antigen. The studies revealed that PRP caused the increase of the activity of an "intrinsic" suppressor cells probably by enlarging the pool of these cells. PRP also increases generation of precursor cells for the "induced" suppressor category. The precursor cells are the targets for PVP25 giving rise to the antigen-specific, "induced" suppressor cells. The mechanism of the inhibitory action of PRP on the immune response to PVP is discussed. PMID- 6234867 TI - Plasmapheresis with immunosuppressive drug therapy in progressive multiple sclerosis. A pilot study. AB - In light of encouraging preliminary data, 45 patients with severely progressive multiple sclerosis underwent long-term plasmapheresis in conjunction with low dose cyclophosphamide and prednisone therapy. The disease progression was monitored by the Kurtzke disability status scale (DSS) and functional systems scale, neuro-ophthalmologic evaluations, evoked potentials, computed tomographic scans, and suppressor cell function assays. The conditions of 28 of the 45 patients improved significantly, the conditions of 14 patients showed limited improvement, and the conditions of three patients neither improved nor worsened. Improvement in other parameters correlated with the clinical results. Significant improvement in suppressor cell function was noted in those patients whose conditions had improved by one or more steps on the DSS. PMID- 6234868 TI - Hematoporphyrin derivative photoradiation therapy in managing nevoid basal-cell carcinoma syndrome. A preliminary report. AB - Hematoporphyrin derivative (HpD) is a photodynamically active dye that is preferentially retained by malignant tissues and initiates a cytotoxic reaction when exposed to red light. Normal tissues adjacent to a tumor retain HpD to a lesser degree and are thus spared damage from the light-induced reaction. We describe the treatment of 40 basal-cell carcinomas in three patients with nevoid basal-cell carcinoma syndrome. All treated lesions showed disappearance of clinically apparent tumor within four to six weeks, and there was no damage to surrounding skin. Thirty-three lesions (82.5%) showed complete response on biopsy findings, while seven showed residual tumor cells. The recurrence rate was 10.8%, with the follow-up ranging from 12 to 14 months. Tumor response was related to the total light dose delivered and the size and location of the tumor. PMID- 6234869 TI - Obtaining an accurate patient history prior to urodynamic evaluation. PMID- 6234870 TI - From the podium: health policy--professional and clinical implications. PMID- 6234871 TI - Ambulatory surgery for penile prosthesis. PMID- 6234872 TI - Medicare prospective pricing implications for nursing. PMID- 6234873 TI - Physical factors governing lower urinary tract function. PMID- 6234874 TI - Problem solving for the 80's--a new creativity. PMID- 6234875 TI - Interspecific chimerism--the characterization and immunological responsiveness of Bos taurus-Bos indicus haemopoietic chimeras produced by embryo transfer. AB - Bos taurus-Bos indicus twin calves were produced by embryo transfer and their degree of haemopoietic chimerism and immune responsiveness examined. All 10 pairs of Friesian-Brahman twins were chimeric compared with only 6 out of 12 pairs of Jersey-Brahman twins. In the Friesian-Brahman twins, Friesian lymphocytes predominated in all calves while in the Jersey-Brahman twins there was no uniform dominance of one cell type over another. All calves that had chimeric lymphocyte populations were also erythrocyte chimeras, although in two pairs of twins the genotype of the erythrocytes was different from the genotype of the lymphocytes. The lymphocytes of all chimeric calves failed to respond in mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC) tests to the lymphocytes of their co-twins but gave vigorous responses to cells from other calves. Primary and secondary immune responses to keyhole limpet haemocyanin (KLH) antigen were studied in the efferent prefemoral lymph in normal Jersey, Friesian and Brahman calves, in 1 set of Jersey-Brahman twins and in 5 sets of Friesian-Brahman twins. The immune responses of chimeric twins with genetically identical lymphocyte populations were quite dissimilar and were characteristic of the somatic genotype of the calf and not of the genotype of the lymphocyte population. The chimeric status of the cell population in the lymph did not change significantly during the response. These results suggest that either the genetic capacity of a population of lymphocytes to recognize and respond to antigens can be modified during ontogeny in an alien genetic environment or that a crucial determinant of the final outcome of an immune response is not the immunocompetent cell itself but the physiological and anatomical environment in which it exists. PMID- 6234876 TI - Outcome of extremely low birth-weight infants in relation to the hospital of birth. AB - There were 351 liveborn infants of birth-weight 500-999 g born in the State of Victoria in the years 1979 and 1980; 89/351 (25.4%) survived to the age of 2 years: 42 (47.2%) survivors were of gestational ages of 24 to 26 weeks and 47 (52.8%) were born at 27 to 32 weeks' gestation. Survival of these extremely low birth-weight infants was significantly better (71/245, 29%) for births in tertiary centres compared with those born elsewhere (18/106, 17%). Of the 351 livebirths, 69.8% occurred in 1 of the 3 tertiary centres. All 89 survivors were traced; 84 (94.4%) were assessed at the age of at least 2 years by a multidisciplinary team. Three children had been fully assessed at 1 year of age and paediatric reports were available for 2 children. The quality of survival of children born in tertiary centres was significantly better than those transferred to a tertiary centre after birth; the prevalence of serious functional handicap was 72.2% (13/18) for outborn children compared with 22.5% (16/71) for those born in tertiary centres. The prevalence of serious functional handicap in the inborn survivors was lowest (9/55, 16.4%) in singleton births who had been of appropriate birth-weight for gestation. A review of the 18 surviving outborn infants' records indicated that 6 (33.3%) could have been transferred to a tertiary centre in utero and for the 12 infants where birth in a tertiary centre was not feasible, improvements in the early neonatal care were possible in another 7 infants. PMID- 6234877 TI - Clinical and biochemical evaluation of patients with hirsutism. AB - Patients with moderate to severe hirsutism presenting over an 18-month period to an endocrine clinic were assessed by clinical evaluation and hormone measurements. Hair growth rate was estimated by a photographic technique and the severity of hirsutism graded using an objective scale. Of 43 patients, 9 had polycystic ovaries and the remainder were considered to have idiopathic hirsutism. The most severely affected group had significantly increased hair growth rates compared with less clinically affected subjects, and 47% of this group showed objective features of virilization. However, apart from a significantly higher 24-hr urine 17-ketosteroid excretion all other hormonal patterns were not significantly different between severely and mildly affected patients. Serum levels of testosterone (T), sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), free T (calculated from T and SHBG values), and androstenedione (A) were abnormal in 44%, 51%, 60% and 60% of patients respectively, whereas plasma levels of the specific adrenal androgen DHAS were increased in 40% of patients. There was an overlap between patients with elevated hormone levels, although isolated elevation of T, A or DHAS were seen in 9%, 19% and 3% of patients respectively. In 19% of patients all serum androgen measurements were normal. Gonadotrophin levels were significantly lower in the more severely affected group. Thus androgen levels in patients with idiopathic hirsutism or polycystic ovaries, show considerable overlap with measurements in normal subjects, and elevated plasma androgens may be of adrenal (DHAS) or combined adrenal/ovarian (T, A) origin. PMID- 6234878 TI - The primary structure of the calcium-transporting adenosine triphosphatase of rabbit skeletal sarcoplasmic reticulum. Soluble tryptic peptides from the succinylated carboxymethylated protein. AB - The isolation and the determination of the amino-acid sequences of the soluble tryptic peptides, derived by cleavage at arginine residues, of the succinylated (3-carboxypropionylated) S-carboxymethylated adenosine triphosphatase protein of rabbit skeletal sarcoplasmic reticulum are described. Treatment of the protein with succinic anhydride gave a derivative that was readily digested with trypsin, yielding two distinct sets of peptides. One set comprises large, relatively hydrophobic, peptides that are highly aggregated (or insoluble) in aqueous solution and that have been identified, by several criteria, with the portion of the protein embedded in the lipid bilayer in the sarcoplasmic reticulum. The second set, which is described here, comprises peptides that have properties typical of those derived from soluble globular proteins and that constitute that part of the protein external to the lipid bilayer. The sequences of these soluble tryptic peptides contain 586 unique residues. Details of the isolation of the peptides and the determination of the sequences are contained in Supplementary Publication SUP 50102 (88 pages) which has been deposited with the British Library Lending Division, Boston Spa, Wetherby, West Yorkshire LS23 7BQ, U.K., from whom copies can be obtained on the terms indicated in Biochem. J. (1978) 169, 5. PMID- 6234880 TI - Primary structure of the calcium ion-transporting adenosine triphosphatase from rabbit skeletal sarcoplasmic reticulum. Some peptic, thermolytic, tryptic and staphylococcal-proteinase peptides. AB - The soluble peptides from the peptic digest of the reduced S-carboxymethylated 3 carboxypropionylated adenosine triphosphatase protein have been isolated and most of their structures have been determined. About 397 residues of the protein were represented in these peptides. The reduced S-carboxymethylated protein was digested with thermolysin, and peptides containing arginine or carboxymethylcysteine were isolated and characterized. Some peptides isolated from tryptic and staphylococcal-proteinase digests of the protein are described. The information contained within the structures of these peptides has been used to reconstruct long stretches of the sequence of the ATPase protein that constitute most of the protein structure external to the lipid bilayer (Allen, Trinnaman and Green (1980) Biochem. J. 187, 591-616). The details of some of the chromatographic steps used in the isolation of the peptides and the properties of the peptides are contained in Supplementary Publication SUP 50104 (45 pages), which has been deposited with the British Library Lending Division, Boston Spa, Wetherby, West Yorkshire LS23 7BQ, U.K., from whom copies can be obtained on the terms indicated in Biochem. J. (1978) 169, 5. PMID- 6234879 TI - Primary structure of the calcium ion-transporting adenosine triphosphatase of rabbit skeletal sarcoplasmic reticulum. Soluble peptides from the alpha chymotryptic digest of the carboxymethylated protein. AB - The isolation of the soluble peptides from the chymotryptic digest of the calcium transporting ATPase of rabbit skeletal sarcoplasmic reticulum is described. These peptides were partially sequenced and the information obtained was used to align tryptic peptides of the protein and to confirm sequences within the tryptic peptides. Details of the isolation of some peptides and the amino acid analyses of the peptides are given in Supplementary Publication SUP 50103 (10 pages), which has been deposited with the British Library Lending Division, Boston Spa, Wetherby, West Yorkshire LS23 7BQ, U.K., from whom copies can be obtained on the terms indicated in Biochem. J. (1978) 169, 5. PMID- 6234881 TI - The primary structure of the calcium ion-transporting adenosine triphosphatase protein of rabbit skeletal sarcoplasmic reticulum. Peptides derived from digestion with cyanogen bromide, and the sequences of three long extramembranous segments. AB - The isolation and characterization of the soluble peptides from the CNBr digest of the calcium ion-transporting adenosine triphosphatase protein of rabbit skeletal sarcoplasmic reticulum are described. The 562 unique residues of the protein were placed in sequences. The remaining part of the protein (about 500 residues) yielded long hydrophobic sequences that contained all but one of the tryptophan residues of the protein and that were probably derived largely from the intramembranous parts of the protein. Three long stretches of primary structure, constituting half of the protein, have been reconstructed from the information presented here together with the sequences found in peptides from other digests of the protein. The secondary structures of these sequences have been predicted. A model for the primary structure of the protein is presented and the implications discussed. Details of the isolation of peptides are contained in Supplementary Publication, SUP 50105 (29 pages), which has been deposited with the British Library Lending Division, Boston Spa, Wetherby, West Yorkshire LS23 7BQ, U.K., from whom copies can be obtained on the terms indicated in Biochem. J. (1978) 169, 5. PMID- 6234882 TI - Quantitative transfer of the molybdenum cofactor from xanthine oxidase and from sulphite oxidase to the deficient enzyme of the nit-1 mutant of Neurospora crassa to yield active nitrate reductase. AB - An assay method is described for measurement of absolute concentrations of the molybdenum cofactor, based on complementation of the defective nitrate reductase ('apo nitrate reductase') in extracts of the nit-1 mutant of Neurospora crassa. A number of alternative methods are described for preparing, anaerobically, molybdenum-cofactor-containing solutions from sulphite oxidase, xanthine oxidase and desulpho xanthine oxidase. For assay, these were mixed with an excess of extract of the nit-1 mutant, incubated for 24 h at 3.5 degrees C then assayed for NADPH:nitrate reductase activity. In all cases, the specific activity of the molybdenum cofactor, expressed as mumol of NO2-formed/min per ng-atom of Mo added from the denatured molybdoenzyme , was 25 +/- 4, a value that agrees with the known catalytic activity of the nitrate reductase of wild-type Neurospora crassa. This indicates that, under our conditions, there was quantitative transfer of the molybdenum cofactor from denatured molybdoenzyme to yield fully active nitrate reductase. Comparable cofactor assay methods of previous workers, apparently indicating transfer efficiencies of at best a few per cent, have never excluded satisfactorily the possibility that cofactor activity arose, not from stoichiometric constituents of the molybdoenzymes , but from contaminants. The following factors were investigated separately in developing the assay:the efficiency of extraction of the cofactor from the original enzyme, the efficiency of the complementation reaction between cofactor and apo nitrate reductase, and the assay of the resultant nitrate reductase, which must be carried out under non inhibitory conditions. Though the cofactor is unstable in air (t1/2 about 15 min at 3.5 degrees C), it is stable when kept anaerobic in the presence of sodium dithionite, in aqueous solution or in dimethyl sulphoxide (activity lost at the rate of about 3%/24 h at 20-25 degrees C). Studies of stabilities, and investigations of the effect of added molybdate on the assay, permit conclusions to be drawn about the ligation of molybdenum to the cofactor and about steps in incorporation of the cofactor into the apoenzyme. Though the development of nitrate reductase activity is slow at 3.5 degrees C (t1/2 1.5-3 h) the complementation reaction may be carried out in high yield, aerobically. This is ascribed to rapid formation of an air-stable but catalytically inactive complex of the cofactor, as a precursor of the active nitrate reductase.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6234883 TI - Identification and characterization of Ca2+-phospholipid-dependent protein kinase in rat islets and hamster beta-cells. AB - We show that extracts of rat islets of Langerhans and of cloned hamster beta cells (HIT-T15 cells) contain Ca2+-phospholipid-dependent protein kinase and endogenous protein substrates for the kinase. We purified Ca2+-phospholipid dependent protein kinase from HIT-T15 beta-cells and report here its physical and kinetic properties. PMID- 6234884 TI - Affinity purification and subunit structures of beta-N-acetylhexosaminidases A and B from boar epididymis. AB - beta-N-Acetylhexosaminidase from boar epididymis was separated into two forms, A and B, on DEAE-cellulose. Both these forms were excluded from Sepharose S-200 and had apparent Mr values of 510 000 on gradient gel electrophoresis under non denaturing conditions. Affinity chromatography on 2-acetamido-N-(6-aminohexanoyl) 2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranosylam ine coupled to CNBr-activated Sepharose 4B was used to separate and purify beta-N-acetylhexosaminidases A and B that had specific activities of 115 and 380 mumol/min per mg of protein respectively. Sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis of denatured beta-N acetylhexosaminidase A gave a single major component of Mr 67 000. beta-N Acetylhexosaminidase B also had this component, and in addition had polypeptides of Mr 29 000 and 26 000. All these polypeptides were glycosylated. Antiserum to the B form precipitated form A from solution and reacted with the 67 000-Mr component or form A after electrophoretic transfer from sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide gels to nitrocellulose sheets. The 67 000-Mr components of forms A and B yielded identical peptide maps when digested with Staphylococcus aureus V8 proteinase, and the 29 000-Mr and 26 000-Mr components in form B may be related to the 67 000-Mr polypeptide. PMID- 6234885 TI - The acute regulation of glucose absorption, transport and metabolism in rat small intestine by insulin in vivo. AB - The effect of acute changes in insulin concentrations in vivo on the absorption, transport and metabolism of glucose by rat small intestine in vitro was investigated. Within 2 min of the injection of normal anaesthetized rats with anti-insulin serum, lactate production and glucose metabolism were respectively diminished to 28% and 21% of normal and the conversion of glucose into lactate became quantitative. These changes correlated with the inhibition of two mucosal enzymes, namely the insulin-sensitive enzyme pyruvate dehydrogenase, and phosphofructokinase, which was shown by cross-over measurements to be the rate limiting enzyme of glycolysis in mucosa. The proportion of glucose translocated unchanged from the luminal perfusate to the serosal medium was simultaneously increased from 45% to 80%. All the changes produced by insulin deficiency were completely reversed with 2 min when antiserum was neutralized by injection of insulin in vivo. The absorption and transport of 3-O-methylglucose were unaffected by insulin. It is concluded that glucose metabolism in rat small intestine is subject to short-term regulation by insulin in vivo and that glucose absorption and transport are regulated indirectly in response to changes in metabolism. Moreover, transport and metabolism compensate in such a way as to deliver the maximal 'effective' amount of glucose to the blood, whether as glucose itself or as lactate for hepatic gluconeogenesis. PMID- 6234886 TI - Thromboxane-induced phosphatidate formation in human platelets. Relationship to receptor occupancy and to changes in cytosolic free calcium. AB - The inter-relationships between receptor occupancy, inositol phospholipid metabolism and elevation of cytosolic free Ca2+ in thromboxane A2-induced human platelet activation were investigated by using the stable thromboxane A2 mimetic, 9,11-epoxymethanoprostaglandin H2, and the thromboxane A2 receptor antagonist, EPO45. 9,11-Epoxymethanoprostaglandin H2 stimulated platelet phosphatidylinositol metabolism as indicated by the rapid accumulation of [32P]phosphatidate and later accumulation of [32P]phosphatidylinositol in platelets pre-labelled with [32P]Pi. These effects of 9,11-epoxymethanoprostaglandin H2 were concentration-dependent and half-maximal [32P]phosphatidate formation occurred at an agonist concentration of 54 +/- 8 nM. With platelets labelled with the fluorescent Ca2+ indicator quin 2, resting cytosolic free Ca2+ was 86 +/- 12 nM. 9,11 Epoxymethanoprostaglandin H2 induced a rapid, concentration-dependent elevation of cytosolic free Ca2+ to a maximum of 300-700 nM. Half-maximal stimulation was observed at an agonist concentration of 80 +/- 23 nM. The thromboxane A2 receptor antagonist EPO45 selectively inhibited 9,11-epoxymethanoprostaglandin H2-induced [32P]phosphatidate formation and elevation of cytosolic free Ca2+, indicating that both events are sequelae of receptor occupancy. Human platelets contain a single class of stereospecific, saturable, high affinity (KD = 70 +/- 13 nM) binding sites for 9,11-epoxymethano[3H]prostaglandin H2. The concentration response curve for receptor occupancy (9,11-epoxymethano-[3H]prostaglandin H2 binding) is similar to that for 9,11-epoxymethanoprostaglandin H2-induced [32P]phosphatidate formation and for elevation of cytosolic free Ca2+. These observations indicate that human platelet thromboxane A2 receptor occupation is closely linked to inositol phospholipid metabolism and to elevation of cytosolic free Ca2+. Both such events may be necessary for thromboxane A2-induced human platelet activation. PMID- 6234887 TI - The conformation of abscisic acid by n.m.r. and a revision of the proposed mechanism for cyclization during its biosynthesis. AB - The n.m.r. spectrum of abscisic acid (ABA) formed from [1,2-13C2]acetate by the fungus Cercospora rosicola shows 13C-13C coupling between C-6' (41.7 p.p.m.; 36 Hz) and the downfield 6'-methyl group (6'-Me) (24.3 p.p.m, 36 Hz). This 6'-Me, therefore, is derived from C-3' of mevalonate [Bennett, Norman & Maier (1981) Phytochemistry 20, 2343-2344]. An i.n.e.p.t. (insensitive nuclei enhanced by polarization transfer) pulse sequence demonstrated that the downfield 13C signal is produced by the 6'-Me that gives rise to the upfield 1H 6'-Me signal (23.1 d). The absolute configuration of this, the equatorial 6'-Me group, was determined as 6'-pro-R by decoupling and n.O.e. (nuclear-Overhauser-enhancement) experiments at 300 MHz using ABA, ABA in which the axial 6'-pro-S 5'-hydrogen atom had been exchanged with 2H in NaO2H and the 1',4'-cis- and 1',4'-trans-diols formed from these samples. The configuration at C-1' and at C-6' are now compatible with a chair-folded intermediate during cyclization, as proposed for beta- and epsilon rings of carotenoids. ABA in solution exists, as in the crystalline form, with the ring in a pseudo-chair conformation. The side chain is axial and the C-3 Me and the C-5 hydrogen atoms are predominantly cis(Z). PMID- 6234888 TI - Glucose-stimulated protein phosphorylation in the pancreatic islet. AB - A glucose-dependent phosphorylation of a 68kDa islet-cell protein was observed in islet-cell homogenates. In the presence of [gamma-32P]ATP the protein was phosphorylated only in the presence of alpha-D-glucose; other sugars were ineffective. Activation of the phosphorylation was half-maximal at 0.34 mM glucose, 7 microM-ATP and 0.3 mM-Mg2+. Although the addition of glucose 6 phosphate in this design did not stimulate phosphorylation of the islet-cell protein, addition of glucose 6-phosphate to the radioactively labelled 68kDa protein rapidly removed (chased) the 32P label. The addition of presynthesized glucose 6-[32P]phosphate phosphorylated the 68kDa band in the islet-cell homogenate and also phosphorylated purified skeletal-muscle phosphoglucomutase. Phosphoglucomutase labelled thus by 32P was indistinguishable from the islet-cell phosphoprotein on electrophoretic gels. The 32P incorporated into both the islet cell protein and the purified skeletal-muscle phosphoglucomutase was chased similarly by hexose phosphates. The purified phosphoglucomutase could also be phosphorylated by cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase or by a mannoheptulose insensitive process by the islet-cell cytosol. The phosphoenzyme formed thus was also dephosphorylated by D-glucose 6-phosphate and alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate, suggesting that this may be a mechanism for generation of glucose 1,6 bisphosphate. PMID- 6234889 TI - A protein inhibitor of phosphofructokinase from the mucosa of rat small intestine. A mechanism for the regulation of glycolysis that is independent of glucose. AB - A protein inhibitor of phosphofructokinase was detected by the chromatography on Sephadex G-100 of crude mucosal extracts prepared from the small intestine of starved rats. Addition of the protein inhibitor to extracts from fed rats increased the K0.5 of phosphofructokinase for fructose 6-phosphate to that for starved rats. The protein inhibitor provides a mechanism for the hormonal regulation of glycolysis independently of glucose supply. PMID- 6234890 TI - Activation of nit-1 nitrate reductase by W-formate dehydrogenase. AB - Formate dehydrogenase ( FDH ) from Clostridium thermoaceticum is a known tungsten enzyme. FDH was tested for the presence of nitrogenase-type cofactor and nitrate reductase-type cofactor by the Azotobacter vinelandii UW-45 and Neurospora crassa nit-1 reconstitution assays, respectively. Tungsten formate dehydrogenase (W- FDH ), containing only a small Mo impurity, activated the nit-1 nitrate reductase extracts when molybdate was also added, but not when tungstate was added. These results show W- FDH contains the cofactor common to all known Mo-enzymes except nitrogenase. The difference between the redox chemistries of W- FDH and W substituted sulfite oxidase appears to relate to differences in tungsten ligation other than that donated by the cofactor or to variations in the protein environment surrounding the tungsten active site. PMID- 6234891 TI - UM-X7.1 myopathic hamster heart shows altered calcimedin protein levels. AB - Cardiac tissue isolated from the UM- X7 .1 myopathic hamster shows decreasing levels of the calcimedin proteins relative to calmodulin. Liver, an unaffected tissue, does not show this decrease. The ratio of the 67K - calcimedin to calmodulin for several ages of heart tissue clearly indicates a progressive loss of the calcimedins which correlates with the cardiomyopathy progression. The loss of the calcimedins may be related to the development of the muscle myopathy. PMID- 6234892 TI - Hydroxamate siderophore mediated iron uptake in E. coli: stereospecific recognition of ferric rhodotorulic acid. AB - Ferric ion uptake via the fhuE receptor of E. coli is stereospecific; it prefers the delta-absolute configuration of the metal complexes. The importance of the metal center and its adjacent functionalities for the stereospecific recognition of ferrichromes via TonA is discussed. PMID- 6234893 TI - Altered expression of the H+ ATPase in Streptococcus faecalis membranes. AB - Evidence is presented that expression of the H+ ATPase in S. faecalis is influenced by the extracellular pH and K+ level during growth. Altered expression was detected by assay of F1 ATPase and electrophoretic analysis of membrane proteins. K+-limited growth caused about a 2-fold increase in the F1 ATPase. The effect of growth at pH 6, 7 and 9 was studied. Compared to cells grown at pH 7, growth at pH 6 increased the F1 ATPase about 2-fold while growth at pH 9 reduced the F1 ATPase by nearly 4-fold. The elevated F1 ATPase activity in the pH 6 cells was associated with an increase in the F1 ATPase alpha and beta subunits in the membrane while the decrease in F1 ATPase in the pH 9 cells was associated with a marked loss of the alpha subunit. It is suggested that intracellular protons may act as effectors which regulate expression of the F1F0 gene cluster at the level of translation. PMID- 6234894 TI - Modulation of Ca2+-activated, phospholipid-dependent protein kinase in platelets treated with a tumor-promoting phorbol ester. AB - Incubation of human platelets with 12-0-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) caused a rapid decrease in soluble Ca2+, phospholipid-dependent protein kinase activity (protein kinase C) and an increase in protein kinase C associated with the particulate fraction. TPA also induced an increased activity of a Ca2+, phospholipid-independent protein kinase activity in both the soluble and the particulate fractions of platelets. This latter kinase eluted from DEAE cellulose columns at a higher salt concentration than protein kinase C, and was shown by Sephadex G-100 chromatography to have a MW of approx. 50,000 compared with an MW of 80,000 for protein kinase C. The data suggest that TPA treatment of platelets causes irreversible activation of protein kinase C by proteolysis of the enzyme to a form active in the absence of Ca2+ and phospholipid. PMID- 6234895 TI - Identification of GTP as a physiologically relevant inhibitor of Escherichia coli ADP-glucose synthetase. AB - We show that physiological concentrations of GTP can significantly inhibit wild type Escherichia coli ADP-glucose synthetase (the rate-limiting enzyme of bacterial glycogen synthesis) and that mutant-strain enzymes known to show less inhibition by physiological AMP levels also show less inhibition by physiological levels of GTP. This decreased inhibition by both AMP and GTP can almost totally account for the higher cellular rates of glycogen synthesis observed in the mutant strains. In addition, in metabolic conditions where we have shown that cellular glycogen synthesis increases, cellular GTP levels are known to decrease. Thus, we conclude that GTP inhibition is physiologically relevant. PMID- 6234896 TI - Target size analysis of rhodopsin in retinal rod disk membranes. AB - Radiation inactivation of rhodopsin in situ using high-energy electrons gave a value for Mr of 20,200 by spectral assay, but 47,100 by assay of rhodopsin regeneration from opsin and 11-cis-retinal (sequence Mr = 38,840). No light/dark differences were seen. We conclude: (a) radiation inactivation measures the size of the functional unit, and the single hit hypothesis does not hold in our experiments; (b) 500 nm absorbance requires only about half the rhodopsin molecule to be intact, but reconstitution of rhodopsin from opsin requires the whole molecule; (c) we find no evidence for functional interactions between rhodopsin monomers in darkness or light. PMID- 6234897 TI - Suppressor T cell function in patients with rheumatoid arthritis complicated by vasculitis. AB - Concanavalin A (Con A)-induced suppressor T cell activity was determined in 10 rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients with vasculitis, 34 RA patients without vasculitis, and 10 healthy individuals. The percent Con A-induced suppression in RA patients with vasculitis was 24.6. In contrast, it was 68.4% in those RA patients without vascular lesions. Further, the proportion of T cells reactive with OKT8 monoclonal antibody was also decreased in RA patients with vasculitis. Accordingly, the reduced Con A-induced suppressor T cell activity in these RA patients resulted, in part, from the reduction in the number of cells of the suppressor T cell subset. Those patients with vascular lesions also had a higher percentage of positive antilymphocytotoxic antibodies than RA patients without vasculitis. Since the differences in Con A-induced suppressor T cell activity and frequency of positive antilymphocytotoxic antibodies were so great, we believe RA patients with vasculitis could be recognized as a disease group distinct from RA patients without vasculitis. PMID- 6234898 TI - [Comparison of the antiphlogistic effect of mucopolysaccharide-polysulfate ointments with heparin-containing ointments in the UV erythema test]. AB - It could be demonstrated by means of the UV erythema model that four different ointment preparations containing mucopolysaccharide polysulfate (MPS) have a marked antiinflammatory effect and inhibit the formation of erythemas to a large extent. In this trial arrangement the different preparations containing MPS were significantly superior to altogether eight commercial heparin ointments, which were tested, too. With an inhibition of 69% of the erythema induced by UV rays, Hirudoid 40000 ointment is the most effective of all preparations tested. PMID- 6234899 TI - On regional mapping of human chromosome 6. Review and own findings. AB - In addition to the committee Reports on the Constitution of Chromosome 6 also the mapping contributions from patients with no. 6 imbalances were added to the scheme. Moreover own PGM 3 : GLO : HLA linkage data are given. The controversially discussed gene order of these three loci was analysed from appropriate backcross families. The most likely gene order is HLA-A, C, B : BF (C2, C4) : HLA-D/DR : GLO (all at about 6p 21-p22) : 6 ph (centromer) : PGM3 (6q12): ME 1 (6q12-q15) : SOD 2 (6q21). PMID- 6234900 TI - [Relation between over-load electrocardiogram and dynamics of the left ventricle in hypertensive cardiopathy]. PMID- 6234901 TI - [The electrocardiographic picture of left atrial disorder is not dependent on the form and entity of atrial enlargement. Bidimensional echocardiographic study]. PMID- 6234902 TI - [Regression of myocardial hypertrophy caused by acute or chronic hypobaric hypoxia]. PMID- 6234904 TI - [Echocardiographic evaluation of the anatomo-functional changes in essential arterial hypertension]. PMID- 6234903 TI - [Hemodynamic effects induced by ibopamine in myocardiopathy patients]. PMID- 6234905 TI - [Percutaneous transluminal dilatation in the therapy of nephrovascular hypertension]. PMID- 6234906 TI - Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty: an added modality for the treatment of the patient with coronary heart disease. PMID- 6234907 TI - Use of radionuclide labelled microspheres to show the distribution of the pulmonary perfusion with multifocal pulmonary blood supply. AB - In pulmonary atresia with a ventricular septal defect and similar congenital heart disorders the pulmonary blood supply is often multifocal. The relative distribution of pulmonary perfusion from individual sources is usually demonstrated by selective angiography. A new technique using a selective injection of radionuclide labelled human albumin microspheres was performed in four patients with a complex pulmonary blood supply. In these cases the physiological distribution of each of the multiple sources of pulmonary perfusion was demonstrated. This is a useful additional technique in the assessment of such patients. PMID- 6234908 TI - Relation of regional echo amplitude to left ventricular function and the electrocardiogram in left ventricular hypertrophy. AB - In order to determine the relation between three manifestations of left ventricular hypertrophy--ST-T wave changes on the electrocardiogram, diastolic disturbances, and increased myocardial echo intensity--M mode and cross sectional echocardiograms were recorded in 12 normal subjects, 15 athletes, 16 patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, and 42 patients with secondary left ventricular hypertrophy due to aortic stenosis (20), severe essential hypertension (8), coarctation (7), or subaortic stenosis (7). M mode echocardiograms were digitised and cross sectional echocardiograms were analysed for regional echo intensity. In patients with hypertrophy regional echo amplitude was significantly increased in mid and basal septum and posterior left ventricular wall. Patients with increased echo amplitude in any region showed a higher incidence of ST-T wave abnormalities than those without and of diastolic abnormalities--including prolongation of isovolumic relaxation time, delay in mitral valve opening with respect to minimum cavity dimension, and a reduction in peak rate of posterior wall thinning and dimension increase. There was a significant rank order correlation between median pixel count and these diastolic abnormalities. No significant differences were demonstrable in these relations between the diagnostic groups. By contrast, electrocardiographic findings, diastolic function, and pixel count were uniformly normal in athletes, although the increase in left ventricular mass was similar to that in the patients. Thus an increase in left ventricular mass alone is not responsible for repolarisation or wall motion abnormalities occurring in pathological left ventricular hypertrophy. These latter changes are, however, strongly associated with the change in myocardial properties detected as an increase in echo intensity and may be due to increased interstitial fibrosis. PMID- 6234909 TI - Computed tomography in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. AB - Computed tomography was undertaken in nine patients (age range 33-69 (mean 48.7) years) with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. The ventricular septum was demonstrated in each patient and shown to be thickened (mean 25 mm at maximum width). The results agreed with those obtained by echocardiography, except in two patients in whom computed tomography showed preferential thickening of the mid-portion of the ventricular septum. The ventricular free wall was not clearly seen. Computed tomography may prove a valuable technique in the assessment of patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. PMID- 6234910 TI - Clinical electrocardiographic studies of bifid T waves. AB - In 129 electrocardiograms from 129 patients showing bifid T waves as well as U waves the intervals from the beginning of the QRS complex to the two T wave apices (QaT1, QaT2), to the end of the T wave (QeT), and to the apex of the U wave (QaU) were measured. Eighty additional electrocardiograms from matched control subjects showing single peaked T waves were also studied. The precordial distribution of bifid T waves was assessed by calculating lead prevalence indices. This index progressively increased from 2.15 in the age range 20-29 years to 3.72 in the age range 60-69 years, and was significantly higher in patients with left ventricular hypertrophy and ischaemia (4.04) than in those with otherwise normal electrocardiograms (2.35). Thus older age and left ventricular pathology were accompanied by a more leftward location of bifid T waves. Exercise accentuated the bifid nature of the T wave in 12 of 18 patients with otherwise normal electrocardiograms, and diminished it in 11 of 19 cases with left ventricular hypertrophy and ischaemia. When 41 otherwise normal tracings showing bifid T waves were compared with those of 42 matched controls showing single peaked T waves, the QTc was longer and the eTaU interval shorter in the group with bifid T waves. Similarly, 40 patients with left ventricular hypertrophy and ischaemia showing bifid T waves had longer QTc and shorter eTaU intervals than 38 patients with the same diagnosis with single peaked T waves. These findings suggest that right precordial bifid T waves in younger patients with otherwise normal electrocardiograms probably result from delayed right ventricular repolarisation, whereas left precordial bifid T waves in older patients with left ventricular hypertrophy and ischaemia may indicate repolarisation delay in the ischaemic left ventricle. PMID- 6234911 TI - Effect of left atrial size on the oesophageal transit of capsules. AB - The oesophageal transit time of barium sulphate capsules was measured using X ray fluoroscopy in 20 patients with mitral valve disease and 12 control patients in the erect and supine positions when swallowed with both 15 ml and 60 ml of water. An erect barium swallow was performed, and from a lateral radiograph the area of indentation of the oesophagus caused by the cardiac impression was measured. Left atrial diameter was derived from M mode echocardiography. In 19 patients with mitral valve disease one or more capsules remained in the oesophagus for five minutes and disintegrated there, whereas this occurred in only six control patients. Capsule transit time was significantly slower in the study patients than in the control patients in the supine position with 15 ml water. There was a significant correlation between the area of indentation and mean capsule transit time and supine 15 ml transit time. The area of indentation closely correlated with the left atrial diameter. When capsules were delayed in the oesophagus, this occurred mainly at the level of the left atrial impression in the study patients and at the lower oesophageal sphincter in the control patients. Patients with mitral valve disease are more likely than control patients to have delayed oesophageal transit of capsules because of the anatomical deformity caused by enlargement of the left atrium. PMID- 6234912 TI - Effect of levamisole and azathioprine on the human mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR). AB - Levamisole (1.25-4.15 microM) had no effect on tritiated thymidine incorporation into DNA of mixed lymphocyte cultures. Moreover, it did not cause any reversal of azathioprine (18-36 microM) inhibitory effects on the MLR. PMID- 6234914 TI - Azelaic acid. PMID- 6234915 TI - Remission rates in acne patients treated with various doses of 13-cis-retinoic acid (isotretinoin) PMID- 6234913 TI - Effects of haematoporphyrin derivative and light in combination with hyperthermia on cells in culture. AB - Interactions between the photodynamic effect of haematoporphyrin derivative and hyperthermia are reported. Cells labelled with haematoporphyrin derivative and irradiated with red light were sensitized by heat, particularly when the cells were heated after the exposure to light. It is shown that there is a synergistic interaction between the photodynamic effect and hyperthermia (42.5 and 45 degrees C). Hyperthermia-induced inhibition of the repair of photodynamic damage is suggested as a mechanism for the interaction. The possibility that these findings may be advantageous to cancer therapy is discussed. PMID- 6234917 TI - The assessment of acne vulgaris--the Leeds technique. AB - We describe two simple, reproducible scoring systems for assessing acne severity, and we emphasize the technical problems which could invalidate either technique. Constant baseline data is desirable for any clinical trial, and our data clearly show that acne patients should ideally be off all treatment for at least 2 months before the start of a therapeutic trial. PMID- 6234916 TI - Effect of vitamin A and its derivatives on collagen production and chemotactic response of fibroblasts. AB - Vitamin A and several other retinoids were added to fibroblast cultures in order to study possible alterations in biochemical properties and cellular responsiveness. The proliferation of cells was inhibited as the concentration of retinoids increased from 10(-9) to 10(-5) mol/l. Synthesis of non-collagenous proteins and production of both type I and type III collagen were decreased. The onset of type III collagen synthesis by tendon fibroblasts in culture was delayed. Furthermore, the chemotactic response of fibroblasts to fibroblast conditioned medium was markedly reduced in the presence of retinoids (10(-6) to 10(-12) mol/l). PMID- 6234918 TI - Inflammation caused by intracutaneous implantation of stratum corneum. AB - When an epidermoid cyst ruptures, a granulomatous infiltrate develops around the damaged structure. The same is true when other horn-containing cysts release their content into the epidermis. A similar type of inflammation may be observed in the dermis around disrupted and horn-filled follicles in acne vulgaris. In this paper we describe experiments in which a granulomatous inflammation has been produced in guinea-pig skin by the intracutaneous implantation of stratum corneum and discuss the potential of this system as a model for the inflammation in acne. PMID- 6234919 TI - In vitro studies of epidermal antigen-presenting cells. The mixed skin lymphocyte reaction: an in vitro model for the generation of alloreactive cytotoxic T cells by human epidermal cells. AB - Langerhans cells and indeterminate cells are the unique antigen-presenting epidermal cells participating in human lympho-epidermal interactions. They bear class II HLA-DR molecules, can substitute for macrophages in antigen presentation, induce a T-cell proliferative response to antigens and haptens in sensitized donors, and are necessary for alloantigen T-cell activation and generation of alloreactive cytotoxic T cells in vitro. Indirect immunofluorescence and immunogold electron microscopy on class II positive epidermal cell enriched suspensions (panning, FACS) indicated two populations of DR-positive epidermal cells: strongly DR-positive cells (25-30, 8% of positive epidermal cells) and faintly DR-positive cells, with a density of surface DR sites of respectively 5 X 10(5) and 1 X 10(5). Most Langerhans cells are among this second group while indeterminate cells are usually strongly DR-positive. OKT6-labelled cells were only typical Langerhans cells. PMID- 6234920 TI - Assessing inflammatory acne vulgaris--correlation between clinical and photographic methods. AB - During the course of a controlled clinical study the patients' facial acne was assessed using a 0-10 visual-tactile grading system and by lesion counting. In addition, black-and-white photographs and colour slides were taken at each patient visit and subsequently assessed by a panel of three dermatologists. Scores obtained from each method of assessment were subjected to statistical analysis and correlations between the techniques were evaluated. We conclude that a well thought out clinical grading system is the best overall method as it provides a meaningful assessment with speed and reasonable accuracy. PMID- 6234921 TI - Morphometric evaluation of local anti-androgenic activity on the rat sebaceous gland. PMID- 6234922 TI - Uropygial gland of quails, a new and convenient probe for the study of androgen action in sebaceous glands. PMID- 6234923 TI - Human and murine cutaneous graft-versus-host diseases. Potential models for the study of immunologically mediated skin diseases. AB - Cutaneous graft-versus-host disease in humans can be regarded as a potential model for the study of lymphocytotoxic reactions directed against the epidermis, and immunologically mediated cutaneous sclerosis. Toxic epidermal necrolysis and lichen planus are closely reproduced in graft-versus-host disease; sclerosis of chronic graft-versus-host disease cannot be regarded as strictly similar to any type of scleroderma. Sclerosis is the most consistently reproducible feature of cutaneous graft-versus-host disease in mouse chimeras; it offers the opportunity to study a dermal sclerosing reaction which may be considered as T cell dependent. Murine graft-versus-host disease presently appears debatable for use as a model of T cell dependent injury of the epidermis since stable established epidermal lesions are difficult to reproduce. PMID- 6234924 TI - Mixed skin cell-lymphocyte culture reaction (MSLR) in man as an vitro model of lympho-epidermal interactions: FACS analysis of epidermal cell and T-cell involved subpopulations. PMID- 6234925 TI - A request for a more serious approach to the chalone concept. PMID- 6234926 TI - Identification of T lymphocyte subpopulations that regulate elaboration of granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor. AB - To determine the role of T lymphocytes (TL) that bear Fc receptors for IgG (T gamma +) and IgM (T mu +) and of those that do not (T gamma- and T mu-) in the elaboration of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating activity (GM-CSA), we coincubated TL or the TL subpopulations in varying proportions with a constant concentration of autologous monocyte-macrophages (M phi) along with methanol extraction residue of BCG (MER). These conditioned media (CM) were assayed for GM CSA. M phi and TL interacted maximally at 1:3-1:6 ratios, significantly less so at a 1:9 ratio. Coincubation of M phi with T gamma- fraction markedly enhanced GM CSA elaboration at all M phi:T gamma- ratios, progressively increasing colony stimulating activity as the proportion of T gamma- cells increased. M phi interacted with the T gamma- fraction significantly better (P = 0.001) at all the ratios tested than it did with the T gamma- mu + or T gamma- mu- subsets, suggesting that the T gamma- mu + and T gamma- mu- subsets must interact. Coincubation of the T gamma + fraction synergistically enhanced GM-CSA elaboration only at M phi:T gamma + ratios of 1:1.5 and 1:3. Further increases in the proportion of T gamma + cells rapidly and progressively decreased the capacity of the CM to stimulate granulocyte-macrophage colony-forming cells (GM CFC). Also, inclusion of Tgamma+ cells in the coincubation mixtures of M phi and T gamma- fraction significantly suppressed GM-CSA elaboration. Dose-response curves and CM-mixing experiments revealed that the CM from coincubation of M chi and T gamma+ not only contained smaller amounts of stimulating factors but also contained a GM-CFC inhibitor. Experiments also demonstrated that the suppressor subpopulation enriched with the T gamma+ fraction was radiosensitive. These results suggest that the elaboration of GM-CSA is controlled by helper and suppressor subpopulations that are enriched with T gamma- and T gamma+ fractions, respectively. Furthermore, the suppressor effect is radiosensitive. PMID- 6234927 TI - A monoclonal antibody binding to human medulloblastoma cells and to the platelet glycoprotein IIB-IIIA complex. AB - A monoclonal antibody, designated M148, produced by the hybridoma technique from spleen cells of mice immunized with human medulloblastoma, was found by indirect immunofluorescence to bind to normal human platelets (both PlA1 positive and PlA1 negative) and megakaryocytes, as well as to some medulloblastoma and neuroblastoma cells and cell lines and certain other solid tumours. No binding was observed to other marrow constituents, nor to any other normal tissue examined. The antibody bound to platelets from a patient with the Bernard-Soulier syndrome but not to thrombasthenic platelets. It immunoprecipitated glycoproteins IIb and IIIa from 125I-labelled normal platelet membranes, and completely inhibited ADP-induced fibrinogen binding and aggregation of platelets. Aggregation was also inhibited in response to adrenaline, collagen, thrombin, sodium arachidonate and the ionophore A23187; clot retraction was partially inhibited. The antibody was without effect on thromboxane formation or 5 hydroxytryptamine (5HT) secretion in response to thrombin, but inhibited 5HT secretion in response to arachidonate. It did not inhibit factor VIII binding or agglutination in response to ristocetin, but completely inhibited factor VIII binding in response to thrombin. These findings suggest that the epitopes are close to the fibrinogen and factor VIII binding sites on glycoproteins IIb/IIIa, and that the lack of these glycoproteins is sufficient explanation for the pattern of dysfunction observed in thrombasthenic platelets, without invoking any other membrane abnormality. PMID- 6234928 TI - Psychological aspects of patients having multiple operations for low back pain. AB - The aim of this study was to investigate whether psychological abnormalities were present in patients still complaining of low back pain after more than one operation. It was found that these patients were more psychiatrically disturbed and socially disabled than a matched control group whose back pain responded to one operation. These results suggest that patients requiring assessment for a possible second laminectomy should also be psychiatrically examined. PMID- 6234929 TI - Consensus grids: what about the variance? AB - This paper examines the extent to which a consensus grid represents the individual repertory grids which comprise it. The results of a repertory grid study are reported to demonstrate that generalizations about certain groups made on the basis of a consensus grid can misrepresent or miss important aspects of the data, because the method does not take into account variation in response. PMID- 6234930 TI - Survival and 2-year outcome of extremely preterm infants. AB - The survival of 163 infants born within the hospital at 24-28 weeks gestation during a 4 1/2-year period and the morbidity in survivors at 2 years of age were reported. Hospital survival rates from 24-28 weeks at each week of gestation, excluding six infants with birth defects, were 36%, 32%, 57%, 70% and 74% respectively. The late outcome of children born at 24-26 weeks was compared with those born at 27-28 weeks. Of the 81 infants in the former group 46 (57%) died, nine (11%) survived with significant functional handicap and 26 (32%) were developing within the normal range. Of the 82 infants in the latter group, 28 (34%) died, eight (10%) survived with significant functional handicap and 46 (56%) were developing within the normal range. Although the mortality rate was significantly higher in the 24-26-weeks group, the physical disability and functional handicap rates in survivors were not statistically different between the two groups. Neither was developmental progress, as determined by psychological assessment, different. PMID- 6234931 TI - An investigation of a group of 35 consecutive patients with a first arch syndrome. AB - Thirty-five consecutive patients with a first arch syndrome were divided into right and left sided and bilateral groups and were investigated clinically, radiographically and electromyographically. The patterns of muscle activity in the inter occlusal position were significantly different in each of the groups. The morphology of the jaw was related to the muscle activity. The implications of the findings are discussed. PMID- 6234932 TI - The management of fractures of the mandible. AB - In some countries there is a move away from the traditional use of predominantly closed or semi-closed procedures in the management of facial fractures to widespread use of aggressive surgical techniques. Observations are made on the effect that this trend may have on the trainee Oral Surgeon. An analysis of a series of 156 consecutive cases of mandibular fracture bears out the impression that simple jaw support, when there is patient co-operation, is adequate for the treatment of the majority of mandibular fractures and that when fixation is indicated, the eyelet wiring technique gives excellent results without complicating management. When open operation is indicated, intraosseous wire suture is proposed as a convenient method for first consideration. The necessity to determine accurately the pre-accident occlusion in cases of possible malocclusion is underlined and a plea is made to exercise patience in the management of fractures, particularly when the condylar neck is involved. PMID- 6234934 TI - Unilateral mandibular cherubism: brief review and case report. AB - A case of unilateral cherubism is presented in which only one side of the mandible was affected. The associated diagnostic features are discussed. PMID- 6234933 TI - Cervicofacial sinuses. AB - One hundred consecutive cases of cervicofacial sinuses are reviewed in terms of aetiology, diagnosis and subsequent management. One hundred and thirty-eight cases recorded in the world literature are reviewed for comparison. PMID- 6234935 TI - Sources of error in the registration of oral cancer. AB - The names of 102 patients with histologically confirmed squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity were checked against Cancer Registry data for the Trent Region. The study was carried out to determine the accuracy of site recording and the failure rate of registration. Although 94 of the patients were registered, 38 per cent of these were incorrectly coded with respect to site. The way in which such errors may occur is discussed and the procedure for registration of oral cancer is explained. PMID- 6234936 TI - Nutritional support for the oral surgery patient. AB - The oral cavity forms the entry to the alimentary tract but certain conditions may severely handicap or preclude this role. In such circumstances the Oral Surgeon as part of his basic skills should be able to institute alternative portals of nutritional support. Intravenous or other enteral routes can adequately overcome such problems. This paper examines the techniques available, feeding regimes and complications associated with the different methods. PMID- 6234937 TI - Traumatic temporal aneurysm. AB - A case is described of a traumatic aneurysm of the superficial temporal artery and the differential diagnosis is discussed. PMID- 6234938 TI - Unilateral abducent nerve palsy: a rare complication following a Le Fort I maxillary osteotomy. AB - A case is reported of a right sided sixth nerve palsy following a maxillary osteotomy at the Le Fort I level. This recovered completely in seven weeks. PMID- 6234939 TI - A retrospective evaluation of 23 reported cases of solitary plasmacytoma of the mandible, with an additional case report. AB - Twenty-four cases of solitary plasmacytoma of the mandible are reported in the literature. The criteria for the selection of cases and for their diagnosis are described. It is a rare condition, with a maximum occurrence in the fifth to seventh decades and a male to female ratio of 2:1. It predominates in the premolar and molar regions. Clinical and radiological features are non-specific. Diagnosis is by biopsy. Treatment of preference is surgery. Irradiation of greater than 5,000 Rads is also recommended. Investigations must be carried out for multiple myeloma. Long-term regular surveillance is advised, for infrequently, multiple myeloma may develop. PMID- 6234940 TI - Hysterical trismus: a diagnostic problem. PMID- 6234941 TI - Mandibular (sigmoid) notch retractor. AB - A rectractor which is useful in the Vertical Subsigmoid Mandibular Osteotomy operation for correction of mandibular prognathism is described. PMID- 6234942 TI - Extended X-ray absorption fine structure study of the coupled binuclear copper active site of tyrosinase from Neurospora crassa. AB - Cu K-edge X-ray absorption spectra have been recorded for the enzyme tyrosinase from Neurospora crassa, in its oxy, resting (met-aquo), and inhibitor-bound (met mimosine) forms. The K-edges proper resemble those of oxy- and met-hemocyanin, and confirm the presence of CuII. The forbidden 1s----3d transition is noticeably stronger for the 1-mimosine-bound enzyme, implying some distortion of the tetragonal Cu coordination group on inhibitor binding. The extended fine structure (EXAFS) beyond the K-edge has been analyzed. The first shell scattering is consistent with the presence of two N- and two O-ligand atoms, at 2.0 and 1.9 A, for all three forms of the enzyme; there is no evidence for heavy atom (S) scattering in the first shell. As in analogous hemocyanin derivatives, the outer shell scattering contains contributions from distant atoms of imidazole ligands, as well as from an addition scattering atom, at 3.4-3.6 A. For oxy-tyrosinase the additional scatterer is unambiguously a heavy atom (Cu), although a larger Debye Waller factor suggests a somewhat less rigid binuclear site than in oxy hemocyanin. PMID- 6234943 TI - Esterase A is a proteinase from rat urine that can activate plasminogen. AB - A proteinase which can activate human, dog and rat plasminogen to plasmin has been isolated from the urine of female rats, using affinity chromatography on benzamidine-coupled Sepharose. Inhibition by diisopropylfluorophosphate, tosyl-L lysine chloromethylketone and benzamidine classified the enzyme as trypsin-like. The proteinase has weak activity on alpha-casein and hemoglobin, but will not lyse fibrin clots. It readily cleaves arginyl amides, including synthetic substrates specific for human glandular kallikrein and other serine proteinases. A chromogenic substrate for human urokinase (pyro Glu-Gly-Arg-pNA) is a poor substrate for the rat proteinase. Characteristics of the enzyme, such as its molecular weight (25 900), kinetic parameters and inhibition by aprotinin, indicate that this proteinase is esterase A, described by several investigators. Esterase A is shown not to be a true urinary plasminogen activator but rather is a unique arginine-specific proteinase. Urokinase-like and kallikrein-like activity are part of a broader proteolytic activity displayed by this enzyme. PMID- 6234944 TI - Purification, characterization and kinetics of beta-N-acetylhexosaminidases A and B from the slug Arion rufus L. AB - Two beta-N-acetylhexosaminidases have been purified to homogeneity and characterized, from the digestive gland of the slug A. rufus L., showing very high specific activities. Hexosaminidase A (Hex A) was purified 1300-fold with a yield of 12%, and hexosaminidase B (Hex B) was purified 1400-fold with a yield of 20%. Purified Hex A or Hex B run as a single protein band in polyacrylamide gel disc electrophoresis, showing different mobilities. The purified preparations do not show any of the other glycosidase activities present in the crude extract. beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase (GlcNAc-ase) and beta-N-acetylgalactosaminidase (GalNAc-ase) activities are always associated in a single peak for each enzyme form, with constant activity ratio, in all the purification steps, since they are catalyzed by the same enzyme (Hex A or Hex B). The optimal pH for both forms are 4.5 for GlcNAc-ase and 4.0 for GalNAc-ase activity. Hex B shows thermal and pH stability higher than Hex A. The isoelectric points are 4.5 and 5.5 for A and B forms, respectively. The molecular weight is 150 000 for Hex A and 320 000 for Hex B. The amino acid composition of purified Hex A and B presents some differences concerning particularly Cys, Thr, Ser, Glu and Ile. The ratios Vmax/Km show that GlcNAc-ase is the main activity of both enzyme forms. beta-N acetylglucosides and beta-N-acetylgalactosides completely compete for a common active site in mixed-substrates experiments. The Ki values are always coincident for GlcNAc-ase and GalNAc-ase activities, using competitive inhibitors (the corresponding lactones). These results strongly suggest that both activities are catalyzed by the same active site in both Hex A and B. Inhibition of the enzyme activities was found with the corresponding lactones, N-acetyl hexosamines, mannose, mannosides, HgCl2 and lead acetate; activation, with ribose, and with some chlorides and sulphates of divalent cations. PMID- 6234945 TI - Dynamic fetoplacental unit function test with dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate. AB - The authors present their experience with the dynamic fetoplacental unit function test using a commercial product containing dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate. The recent literature is cited and the results are discussed. Emphasis is placed on the practicability and applicability of the method in connection with a continuous, reliable evaluation of "at risk" pregnancy. PMID- 6234946 TI - Unidirectional calcium and nucleotide fluxes in sarcoplasmic reticulum. I. Interpretation of flux ratios for different reaction schemes. AB - The relation between unidirectional calcium and nucleotide fluxes was examined for different ATPase reaction schemes of the sarcoplasmic reticulum. The schemes considered differed in the order of sorption and desorption of calcium, ATP, and ADP. The results suggest that the theoretical relation between calcium and nucleotide fluxes depends on the reaction scheme and that experimental measurements can distinguish among them. The results obtained are generally valid and do not depend on assumptions of equilibrium or pseudoequilibrium between intermediate states of the pump. PMID- 6234948 TI - [Preservation of liver mitochondria function in hemorrhage-resistant rats during severe long-term hypotension]. AB - In contrast to the reported data evidencing early impairment of the liver mitochondrial function in the Wiggers model of hemorrhagic shock at the arterial blood pressure 30-40 mm Hg, lasting not over 6 h, a group of hemorrhage-resistant rats was discovered. In these rats, the lifetime was about 20 h, with the blood pressure being the same as indicated above. Rectal temperature decreased to 24-25 degrees C during shock. No substantial disorders were recorded in oxidative phosphorylation and ATPase activity of the mitochondria isolated from the liver in the irreversible stage of shock (70% blood return) or in the terminal state of animals. It is assumed that hypothermia plays the protective role. The conclusion is made that the damage to the mitochondria is not indispensable factor of the development of irreversible shock. PMID- 6234949 TI - [Effect of synthetic beta-carotene on the formation of cytolytic T-lymphocytes]. AB - The effect of intraperitoneal injection of beta-carotene in different doses on the formation of cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTL) in a one-way mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC) of allogeneic mice was studied. The maximal cytotoxic activity of lymphocytes was attained in the MLC with splenocytes of mice which received 10 mg/kg beta-carotene 6 days before experimentation. The correlation was studied between the beta-carotene ability to stimulate CTL formation and antineoplastic activity. It was discovered that injection of beta-carotene in doses and times provoking maximal CTL induction had no effect on the animals' lifespan and the size of transplanted sarcoma 180. PMID- 6234947 TI - Undirectional calcium and nucleotide fluxes in cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum. II. Experimental results. AB - Unidirectional calcium influx and efflux were evaluated in cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) by 45Ca-40Ca exchange at steady state calcium uptake in the absence of calcium precipitating anions. Calcium efflux was partitioned into a pump-mediated efflux and a parallel passive efflux by separately measuring passive efflux referable to the steady state. Unidirectional and net ATP-ADP fluxes were measured using [3H]-ATP----ADP and [3H]-ADP----ATP exchanges. Methods are presented that take into account changing specific activities and sizes of the nucleotide pools during the measurement of nucleotide fluxes. The contribution of competent and incompetent vesicles to the unidirectional and net nucleotide fluxes was evaluated from the specific activity of these fluxes in incompetent vesicles and from the fraction of vesicles that were incompetent. The results indicate that, in cardiac SR, unidirectional calcium fluxes are larger than the unidirectional nucleotide fluxes contributed by competent vesicles. Because the net ATPase rate of competent vesicles is similar to the parallel passive efflux, it appears that cardiac SR Ca-ATPase tightly couples ATP hydrolysis to calcium transport even at static head, with a coupling ratio near 1.0. PMID- 6234950 TI - [Biological activity of epidermal chalones in the presence of blood serum from patients with psoriasis]. AB - The serum of patients with progressive psoriasis lessens the inhibitory activity of epidermal chalones if it is added to the cultural medium before chalones. On the contrary, chalones inhibit DNA synthesis in epithelial cells if they are added to the cultural medium before psoriatic serum. The blood serum of patients with stationary and regressive psoriasis does not exert any effect on chalone activity. PMID- 6234951 TI - Impaired erythrocyte calcium homeostasis in beta-thalassemia. AB - Intracellular calcium (Ca) concentration in erythrocytes (RBCs) is controlled by a low passive influx through a relatively impermeable membrane and by active efflux catalyzed by Ca2+,Mg2+-ATPase. Since precipitation of alpha-globin chains in thalassemic RBCs may interfere with normal membrane function, we studied the RBC intracellular Ca content and the RBC membrane Ca2+,Mg2+-ATPase activity in two groups of patients with nonsplenectomized (n = 9) and splenectomized (n = 9) beta-thalassemia intermedia and in two groups of matched controls. The mean +/- SD Ca concentration in the nonsplenectomized (n = 12) and splenectomized (n = 6) controls were 6.1 +/- 6.0 and 5.8 +/- 3.4 mumol Ca per liter of RBCs, respectively, compared with 26.0 +/- 7.6 (P less than .001) and 85 +/- 24.4 (P less than .001) in the nonsplenectomized and splenectomized thalassemia patients, respectively. The mean +/- SD Ca2+,Mg2+-ATPase activity in the eight nonsplenectomized patients was 0.77 +/- 0.58 mumol inorganic phosphate (Pi) per milligram of protein per hour compared with 0.66 +/- 0.41 in the controls (P = NS). Similar values were obtained for the splenectomized patients and their controls. No correlation was found between either the intracellular Ca content or the Ca2+,Mg2+-ATPase activity with the peripheral nucleated RBC count. These findings suggest that there is a major defect in the membrane of the thalassemic RBC leading to an increased Ca content that is more pronounced in splenectomized patients. PMID- 6234953 TI - Terminal differentiation of hemopoietic cell clones cultured in tridimensional collagen matrix: in situ cell morphology and enzyme histochemistry analysis. AB - Collagen, a major component of the extracellular matrix in vivo, has been used as a tridimensional gel matrix for cultured hemopoietic clones. Its resemblance to the natural matrix produced by cells makes it ideal for studies on proliferation and differentiation of hemopoietic lineages. Every lineage, including granulocytes (basophilic, eosinophilic and neutrophilic polymorphs) monocyte macrophages, megakaryocytes, erythroid and lymphoid lineages could be grown using a standardized collagen medium, provided that specific stimulators were added in the culture. Clones were scored on either live or fixed cultures. Compared to other gel substrates, collagen matrix proved superior for cell proliferation and maturation. Additional advantages (in situ clonal analysis by histological staining, enzyme cytochemistry), and other possibilities of the method are reported and discussed. The system offers great potential for cellular immunology, hematology and molecular biology with peculiar reference to differentiation of normal hemopoietic cells, viral transformation and leukemogenesis in vitro. These applications are reviewed. PMID- 6234954 TI - Electron microscopic study of the development of Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis viruses propagated in vitro. AB - The changes occurring in the nuclei and cytoplasms of BHK21 cells during infection with the two subgroups of Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis viruses were studied by electron microscopy. The nuclear alterations include: formation of clumps and margination of chromatin, enlargement of perinuclear spaces, deformation and displacement of the nucleus. The cytoplasmic alterations include: increase in the number of ribosomes, extensive proliferation of smooth membranes at the centrosphere of infected cells, appearance of electron-dense bodies, and decrease in number and swelling of mitochondria. At late stages of infection, GDVII and FA viruses which represent the virulent subgroup, form crystalline arrays in the cytoplasm of infected cells. A few mechanisms by which these crystals may be formed are discussed. The later stages of TO viruses infection, which cause a persistent infection in mice, differed markedly from those of GDVII and FA viruses. TO viruses were found to be arranged in a single file between two sheets of membranes. A model for this unique structure is presented. PMID- 6234955 TI - Quantitative assessment of the glandular activity of endocrine cells of gastrointestinal mucosae by computer-assisted analysis of ultrastructural images: methodology. AB - A method is described for studying the morphological features of endocrine cells of gastrointestinal mucosae in man and some animal species by semi-automatic analysis of ultrastructural images. The method enables possible ultrastructural variations in gastrointestinal endocrine glandular cells of different types to be determined with an acceptable margin of error. Various causes of error are investigated. It is found that the main cause is the choice of microscope magnification, despite the corrections made. The factor of inconsistency in the reproducibility of measurements performed by several operators is also calculated. PMID- 6234952 TI - Hemophilia and thrombocytopenia in a patient with impaired cellular immunity. A case report. AB - ITP in hemophiliacs may produce severe bleeding complications. We here report on an eight-year-old boy suffering from severe hemophilia A, who developed ITP and an acquired impaired immune function similar to AIDS. Steroid therapy reverted the thrombocyte count to normal, however it had to be discontinued because of a severe Cushing syndrome. The thrombocytopenia also responded to IgG-therapy and the patient is treated with a long term schedule according to Imbach. It is of interest that the impaired T-helper/T-suppressor cell ratio (0.45) improved to a value of 1.0 after initiation of this therapeutic regimen. We conclude from our observation that i.v. immunoglobulin therapy is of particular value for the treatment of ITP in patients with impaired cellular immunity. PMID- 6234956 TI - Improved coating and fixation methods for scanning electron microscope autoradiography. AB - A simple apparatus for emulsion coating is described. The apparatus is inexpensive and easily assembled in a standard glass shop. Emulsion coating for scanning electron microscope autoradiography with this apparatus consistently yields uniform layers. When used in conjunction with newly described fixation methods, this new approach produces reliable autoradiographs of undamaged specimens. PMID- 6234957 TI - Effects of diazepam on mitosis and basal body duplication of synchronously dividing flagellate cells. AB - We report here that diazepam (Valium, Roche) has an inhibitory effect on proliferation of synchronously dividing cultures of Dunaliella, whenever the drug is added during the cell cycle. The drug induced an accumulation of abnormal mitotic figures after 17 to 24 hr of treatment with the chromosomes distributed around the nuclei and a monopolar spindle, although the pole-to-chromosome microtubules were well-formed. Diazepam seemed to affect mitosis by inhibiting the separation of the basal bodies, whose duplication was perturbed in a dose related manner. After 48 hr of treatment, the nucleus returned to interphase without having undergone mitosis, but cytokinesis might have taken place. The mechanism of this action of diazepam on mitosis remains to be elucidated. However, it does not appear to act in the same way here as it does on the central nervous system. PMID- 6234958 TI - The effect of tunicamycin on Leishmania braziliensis cell growth, cell morphology and ultrastructure. AB - The effect of tunicamycin (TM) on Leishmania braziliensis promastigotes in culture has been studied. TM at different concentrations (2, 4, 6 micrograms/ml) inhibits promastigote growth as the mean generation time of control cells, 36 hr, is changed to 41, 46 and 55 hr, respectively. Cells remain viable after long exposure to 2 micrograms/ml of TM and can be cultured in the presence of the drug for several generations. Under these conditions cells tend to round up and many "ruffle"-like structures appear at the parasite cell surface. At the ultrastructural level, cell coat disappears and the rough endoplasmic reticulum appears distended. Other structures remain unaltered by the drug treatment. The changes in cell morphology are discussed in relation to changes in cell surface morphology. The possible use of these TM-transformed cells as experimental systems for host-parasite studies is also considered. PMID- 6234960 TI - Analysis of pore-rich areas on the nuclear envelope of spermatocytes. AB - Serial sections analysis of spermatocytes of the rodent Phyllotis darwini, reveal a persistent positional relationship between nucleolar material and centrioles. Pore rich areas interposed between these nucleocytoplasmic components, are represented graphically. Centriole replication takes place during the pachytene stage. Pore rich areas could be the result of a preferential aggregational process which insures the exchange of information between nuclear and cytoplasmic regions. PMID- 6234959 TI - In vitro development of seminiferous tubules from immature rat testis: ultrastructural and morphometric studies. AB - Seminiferous tubules from 5 day-old rats maintained in a semi-solid culture system were examined for 4, 8 or 12 days. Morphometric and ultrastructural studies show a significant increase in the seminiferous tubule diameter and normal Sertoli cell differentiation. All the germinal cells degenerate except the spermatogonia. PMID- 6234961 TI - Reconstruction of a large lateral abdominal wall defect with an ilio-lumbar bi pedicled flap. AB - An ilio-lumbar bi-pedicled flap was used for the reconstruction of a large lateral abdominal wall defect with a fascia lata graft to provide the musculo fascial layer. This flap is simple and safe because it includes both the superficial circumflex iliac vessels and the perforating cutaneous branches of the lumbar vessels. We regard it as the method of choice in the repair of major defects of the lateral abdominal wall. PMID- 6234962 TI - The versatile deep inferior epigastric (inferior rectus abdominis) flap. AB - The deep inferior epigastric vascular system nourishes a vast area of the anterior abdominal wall and offers a versatile variety of tissue combinations to the reconstructive surgeon for local or free flap transfer. Its supply to and beyond the rectus abdominis muscle provides the basis for flap design. Eighteen cases are presented to illustrate various muscle, myocutaneous and myosubcutaneous flaps that have been used to date to repair defects in the extremities and in the head and neck. The ease of dissection, coupled with the large calibre and length of the vascular stem, are key factors which combine to offer a speedy and a reliable technique. The donor site scar has been improved by the use of a suprapubic transverse incision to dissect the pedicle and this exposure provides access to the iliac crest for bone grafts where indicated. Time will evaluate this technique and further designs and modifications will undoubtedly be forthcoming. Meanwhile the initial results have been most promising. PMID- 6234963 TI - The use of a rectus abdominis myocutaneous flap to reconstruct a groin defect. AB - An inferiorly based rectus abdominis myocutaneous skin flap was used carrying a large transversely aligned superior abdominal skin paddle to close successfully an infected and seriously compromised wound in the contralateral groin. The versatility of the rectus abdominis myocutaneous muscle unit, with its dual blood supply, is indicated yet again. PMID- 6234964 TI - Genetics, ageing and dementia. AB - The contribution of genetic differences to variation in ageing and the relationship of ageing to certain types of dementia are discussed. Neuropathological changes commonly found in the ageing brain are present in more severe form in Alzheimer-type dementia, Down's syndrome, multi-infarct dementia, and a substantial number of patients with Parkinson's disease. An increased frequency of ageing-associated changes outside the brain have been reported in Alzheimer-type dementia, Down's syndrome, and multi-infarct dementia, although the evidence is generally meagre and in many cases requires further corroboration. Genetic studies of Alzheimer-type dementia support the existence of heterogeneity on the basis of family history and age of onset; early onset is associated with greater genetic risk and severity of abnormality. The increasing evidence of an association between DNA damage, premature ageing, and neuronal cell loss may provide insights into the aetiology of these and other forms of dementia. PMID- 6234965 TI - Adverse reactions to acetylcysteine and effects of overdose. AB - Since the introduction in 1979 of intravenous acetylcysteine (Parvolex) as an antidote for overdosage of paracetamol the National Poisons Information Service and the manufacturer have been notified of 38 adverse reactions that were anaphylactoid in nature and 19 accidental overdoses. The most common feature of the anaphylactoid reaction to normal dosage was rash; other features reported included angioedema, hypotension, and bronchospasm; all the patients recovered. The features associated with an overdose of acetylcysteine were similar but more severe; two patients died, but the extent to which the overdose of acetylcysteine may have been implicated was not clear in either case. PMID- 6234967 TI - Bone lesions in early syphilis detected by bone scintigraphy. AB - We report a case of early syphilis with multiple bone lesions which all resolved after treatment with penicillin. We discuss why bone lesions may be more prevalent than generally believed and why 99m-Tc-MDP-bone scintigraphy is more sensitive than radiography in detecting syphilitic periostitis. PMID- 6234966 TI - Rosoxacin in the treatment of uncomplicated gonorrhoea in men. AB - Between 3 January and 4 March 1983 we treated 200 male patients diagnosed as having uncomplicated gonococcal urethritis with one of two regimens. They were divided into two groups and randomly assigned to treatment with either 2 g spectinomycin administered intramuscularly (group A) or 300 mg rosoxacin by mouth (group B). Of 187 isolates tested for the production of beta-lactamase, 101 (54%) were penicillinase producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae (PPNG) strains. All 81 cases followed in group A (spectinomycin) were cured, compared with 88.5% (77 out of 87) of the patients followed in group B (rosoxacin). We concluded that rosoxacin at a dosage of 300 mg administered orally was fairly effective in the treatment of gonococcal urethritis in men caused by both PPNG and non-PPNG strains. PMID- 6234968 TI - [Effects of oral contraceptives and of the ovarian cycle on auditory performance at 4 and 6 kHz. Demonstration by functional audiometry]. AB - Absolute thresholds at 4 and 6 kHz were tested in 3 sessions before and after 20 min exposure to 105 dB (A) pink noise in 12 young normal cycling females 11 young females under oral contraceptives and 8 young men. Women under oral contraceptives show lower resting thresholds, more important TTS2 and higher recovery rate than normal cycling women and men. In normal cycling females, non parametric analysis of the data provides evidence that absolute thresholds at 4 and 6 kHz tend significantly to be higher at menses and lower during the postovulatory phase of the cycle. PMID- 6234969 TI - [Circulating vasopressin (ADH) during immersion of short duration]. AB - During immersion in sitting position to the neck of 9 normal adult males, no change has been observed in the concentration of circulating ADH (1.91 +/- 0.58 versus 2.08 +/- 0.76 pg.ml-1) after 45 minutes. In the same period, diuresis is significantly increased (1.26 +/- 0.14 versus 3.9 +/- 1.19 ml.min-1). PMID- 6234970 TI - [Relation between the iodination of human thyroglobulin and the cleavage of the hormone peptide 26K N-terminal]. AB - At moderate iodination levels (about 20 iodine atoms/mol) human thyroglobulin yields after reduction and alkylation a hormone (T4)-containing N-terminal peptide of 26K. Further iodination of the thyroglobulin in vitro results in the cleavage of this part of the molecule into smaller peptides of 22K and 18K. A precursor-product relationship between the 26K peptide segment and the latter was established by showing an identical N-terminal T4-containing sequence in the 3 peptides. Cleavage of peptide bonds in the 26K segment to give the smaller fragments could possibly be related to the formation of another hormone residue. PMID- 6234971 TI - [Pharmacodynamic tests of the stimulation of hypophyseal function: simplification of the procedure without alteration of their diagnostic value]. AB - The aim of this study was to examine if it was possible to simplify the procedure of some stimulation tests of pituitary function. This study was performed on 300 stimulation tests of TSH by TRH, PRL by TRH, LH by LHRH and FSH by LHRH, respectively. Simplified procedures may be proposed without altering the diagnostic value of the tests: assay of TSH and PRL 0 and 30 minutes after TRH injection and of LH and FSH 0, 30 and 60 minutes after LHRH injection. PMID- 6234972 TI - [Solubilization of cerebral binding sites of S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine]. AB - We describe the solubilization of S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine binding sites from rat brain membranes; Triton X100 could solubilize near 50% of the sites. The solubilized extract exhibited the same pH dependence as the membrane extract and had the same dissociation constant and the same sensibility to S-adenosyl-L methionine and adenosine. The solubilized extract exhibited a methylase activity which accepted phosphatidylethanolamine as substrate. PMID- 6234973 TI - [Insulin receptors: biochemical and physiopathological aspects]. PMID- 6234974 TI - [Effects of insulin, somatomedin--a multiplication stimulating activity (MSA)- and transferrin, on the lipolysis of rat adipocytes in vitro]. AB - Antilipolytic effect was researched when insulin (0.1 and 1 mIU/ml), MSA (200 and 500 ng/ml) and transferrin (2 and 5 micrograms/ml) were added to a suspension of freshly isolated rat adipocytes in vitro. Lipolysis was measured as glycerol secretion in the medium: micromoles/90 minutes/100 mg total lipids. Insulin (1 mIU/ml) reduced adrenalinic stimulation of lipolysis: A 1 microgram/ml (P less than 0.05). MSA 200 ng/ml had no effect. MSA 500 ng/ml reduced basal lipolysis and adrenalinic stimulation (P less than 0.05), and increased insulin-induced antilipolysis (P less than 0.05). Transferrin was active, only when insulin is present: antilipolysis increased (P less than 0.05). PMID- 6234975 TI - [Regulation of hydroxylation in position 21 of steroids in adrenal cortex cells of newborn rats, in culture. Utilization of aminoglutethimide and of exogenous steroids]. AB - The use of aminoglutethimide at 5.10(-4) mol/l, inhibitor of endogenous steroidogenesis, and of exogenous progesterone (20 micrograms/ml) as substrate allowed the control of the steroid 21-hydroxylating reaction in cultured newborn rat adrenocortical cells. This method has been employed to show that the 21 hydroxylation by these cells is strongly induced by the adrenocorticotropic hormone (20 mU/ml). PMID- 6234976 TI - [Demonstration of the biosynthesis of prostaglandins from arachidonic acid by rat adrenal cortex cells in culture]. AB - The biosynthesis of prostaglandins of the E pathway was shown in new-born rat adrenocortical cells in long-term primary culture, by direct incubation of labelled arachidonic acid or by incubation with prelabelled cells. A rapid method of extraction was developed using silanised silica cartridges. PMID- 6234977 TI - [Effect of a controlled regimen of pyridoxol hydrochloride on the liver content of vitamin B6 and on the transaminase activities of erythrocytes in rats]. AB - The pyridoxamine (PM), pyridoxal (PL) and pyridoxol (PN) in liver, the urinary excretion of 4-pyridoxic acid (4-PA), the red blood cells enzymatic activities (aspartate aminotransferase, GOT and alanine aminotransferase, GPT) were determined in rats fed diets containing different levels of PN, HCl (0,23-170 micrograms/rat/d) during 13 days. PL and PM hepatic levels, GOT and GPT activities decreased significantly in groups A and B receiving respectively 0,23 and 11 micrograms PN, HCl/rat/d. No differences were noticed in food intake and growth. The urinary excretion of 4-PA shows a consistent trend with vitamin B6 intake. As the PM/PL-ratio was maximum in group A, PL reflects the actually available vitamer, whereas PM should be regarded as "trapped" PL. The GOT and GPT activities can be considered as reliable parameters of the pyridoxine status of the rat. PMID- 6234979 TI - Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of iliac arteries: the importance of functional studies. AB - Results of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of 60 iliac arteries are presented, with a follow-up of 3 to 12 months. The patency rate at 1 year was 95% using the thigh-brachial index as the criterion and 86% with the ankle-brachial index. Study of the patients with an exercise test component improved the sensitivity of the evaluation, demonstrating that both indices tend to underestimate the functional improvement. The authors propose a simple, cost effective way for practitioners to follow-up their patients after percutaneous transluminal angioplasty. PMID- 6234978 TI - Capnography in the early diagnosis of carbon dioxide embolism during laparoscopy. AB - Venous embolism of carbon dioxide occurred during elective diagnostic laparoscopy in a healthy adult female. The diagnosis of gas embolism was made on the basis of the sudden abrupt onset of systolic and diastolic murmurs. The continuously recorded end-tidal carbon dioxide concentration (FETCO2) increased abruptly from 3.8 to 4.2 per cent and then slowly decreased to 4.0 per cent over the subsequent 30 seconds. CO2 insufflation was terminated immediately following the establishment of the diagnosis. The patient recovered uneventfully. A transient but rapid rise in FETCO2 is suggested as a useful early sign of venous CO2 embolism during laparoscopy. PMID- 6234980 TI - [A comparative study of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of the iliac and femoropopliteal arteries in arterial disease of the lower extremities]. AB - The authors compared the anatomo-radiologic data from a series of 100 consecutive percutaneous transluminal angioplasties (PTA), as well as the immediate and long term results as a function of the level of the lesion--iliac or femoropopliteal. Proximal to the thigh, there were 57 PTAs, 36 of the common iliac and 21 of the external iliac. In the lower thigh, there were 43 PTAs, 9 of the upper part of the popliteal artery and 34 of the external femoral artery. Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of the common iliac lesion was dominant in patients under 60 years of age (p less than 0.05). At the iliac level, 89% of the patients had severe claudication; at the femoropopliteal level, 39% had trophic problems. The "dominant" or "accessory" character of the lesion did not modify the indication for the procedure, regardless of the level. Segmental thrombosis accounted for 44.2% of the femoropopliteal PTA indications, compared with 7% at the iliac level (p less than 0.04). The failure rate was less at the iliac than at the femoropopliteal level. Follow-up was available for 86.6% of the patients for an average of 22 months. The systolic indices at the thigh after iliac PTA and at the ankle after femoropopliteal PTA were significantly increased (p less than 0.01). At the femoropopliteal level, 74% of the patients were totally asymptomatic. There was one failure (3.8%); amputation at thigh level was carried out 12 months after the PTA. At the iliac level, improvement was observed in 91% of the patients and 70% became asymptomatic. The overall success rate (clinical patency and improvement) was 92% +/- 0.09%, based on the life-table method. PMID- 6234981 TI - Right ventricular size and ventricular septal motion after repair of atrial septal defect in children. AB - An enlarged right ventricle and abnormal ventricular septal motion are characteristic echocardiographic features of atrial septal defect and often persist after the defect has been completely closed, even when the operation clinically is judged to be successful. These features were examined retrospectively 15 to 21 months after operation in a group of children whose atrial septal defect had been closed between January 1976 and July 1979. Despite satisfactory postoperative results in all, about two thirds had an enlarged right ventricular dimension and about the same number had abnormal septal motion when examined echocardiographically an average of 18 months after operation. The best operative strategy seems to be to operate while the right ventricular end diastolic dimension is still relatively small in echocardiographic terms. PMID- 6234982 TI - T-lymphocyte subpopulations in B-cell-derived non-Hodgkin's lymphomas and Hodgkin's disease. AB - The authors used E-rosette formation and OKT3 reactivity to determine the percent of T-cells in lymph nodes involved by B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (B-NHL) and by Hodgkin's disease (HD). The percent of helper and suppressor/cytotoxic T-cells was determined by reactivity with OKT4 and OKT8, respectively. T-cells were also analyzed for two signs of activation: acquisition of Ia antigens and loss of acid a-naphthyl acetate esterase (ANAE) activity. The results were compared with those of lymph nodes exhibiting benign lymphoid hyperplasia (BLH). The percentage of T cells ranged from 50% to 82%, mean 63 +/- 13%, in 25 cases of BLH, and from 6% to 62%, mean 23 +/- 11%, in 51 cases of B-NHL. The OKT4/T8 ratio was 1.0 to 6.2, mean 3.4 +/- 2.2, in the cases of BLH, and 0.5 to 5.1, mean 2.4 +/- 1.3, in the cases of B-NHL. There was no obvious or significant correlation between the percent of T-cells or the OKT4/T8 ratio and the surface immunoglobulin isotype expressed by the neoplastic B-cells, the morphologic category of B-NHL, or the clinical stage of disease. Activated T-cells were less than or equal to 3% in the cases of BLH and B-NHL. Fifteen lymph nodes involved by HD contained 44% to 96%, mean 74%, E+ (T) cells. Five of these 15 cases contained a significant number of E-OKT3+ cells suggesting that E-rosette formation is not always a reliable T-cell marker in HD. Three other cases contained a large number of E+OKT3- cells. The OKT4/T8 ratio ranged from 0.4 to 21.7, mean 6.7 +/- 5.3, in these cases, representing the most significant T-cell subset imbalances in this series. Large numbers of Ia+E+ and/or E+ANAE- cells, presumably activated T-cells, were present in 7 of these 15 cases of HD. These studies demonstrate the wide variation in the percent of T-cells and in the T-cell subset distribution in lymph nodes exhibiting benign lymphoid hyperplasia and in lymph nodes involved by B-cell derived non-Hodgkin's lymphomas and Hodgkin's disease. PMID- 6234983 TI - Caribbean T-cell lymphoma/leukemia. AB - Caribbean T-cell lymphoma/leukemia (CATL) is a recently described neoplasm similar to Japanese adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma, but it occurs in patients born in a different geographic region. Four adult Black West Indian women with CATL were studied using a multiparameter approach, including clinical, hematologic, pathologic, and immunologic investigations. The disease was usually characterized by adenopathy (with or without hepatosplenomegaly), peripheral blood involvement, hypercalcemia often in the absence of gross bony lesions, and a poor prognosis. The neoplastic cells were pleomorphic with marked nuclear irregularity of a multilobated or more cerebriform type. Lymph node biopsies demonstrated a diffuse pleomorphic lymphoma with variable degrees of nuclear irregularity and transformation. Marrow involvement consisted of focal nodules or, more commonly, scattered atypical lymphoid cells. Marrow biopsies also often demonstrated osteoclastic activity. Cases were all of T-cell origin, most commonly of T-helper phenotype, although there was some phenotypic heterogeneity. All patients had antibodies to the human T-lymphoma/leukemia virus. PMID- 6234984 TI - Successful pregnancy following continuous treatment with combination chemotherapy before conception and throughout pregnancy. AB - A 21-year-old woman with diffuse histiocytic lymphoma received combination chemotherapy continuously for 16 months before conception and throughout pregnancy. Procarbazine and BCNU were given for 5 months before conception and throughout the first and second trimesters, and streptozotocin was given throughout the third trimester. A male infant who was phenotypically and genotypically normal was delivered. The authors reviewed the literature regarding chemotherapeutic agents given during the first trimester of pregnancy. Although most chemotherapeutic agents are teratogenic in the animal model, the incidence of teratogenicity of chemotherapeutic agents given to humans in the first trimester of pregnancy is 12.7%. This represents a fivefold increase in teratogenicity. As yet the administration of chemotherapeutic agents in the second and third trimesters has not resulted in teratogenicity. This information may help the physician when deciding whether to treat pregnant patients with chemotherapeutic agents during the first trimester or whether to continue treatment when the patient has become pregnant while receiving these agents. PMID- 6234985 TI - Inhibition of 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase by glucose 1,6-diphosphate in human normal and malignant colon extracts. AB - Increased activity of 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase was found in human colon tumors as compared to the adjacent unaffected mucosa. Glucose 1,6-diphosphate (Glc-1,6-P2), an endogenous potent regulator of glucose metabolism, markedly inhibited the activity of 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6-PGD) in extracts of the normal and malignant human colon. Glc-1,6-P2 also inhibited the activity of hexokinase in these extracts. The endogenous levels of Glc-1,6-P2 in the colon and tumors were measured. Since the pentose cycle can be inhibited by Glc-1,6-P2, means to increase endogenous levels of Glc-1,6-P2 or to introduce it into cells, might result in antitumor effects. PMID- 6234986 TI - Subsets of circulating T-lymphocytes mediating resistance to in vivo growth of a carcinogen-induced syngeneic rat tumor. AB - Wistar rats immunized by s.c. implantation of irradiated Mc7 sarcoma tissue were resistant to the growth of a challenge of this chemical carcinogen-induced syngeneic tumor. Lymphocyte populations enriched in each of the two major T-cell lineages recognized by mouse monoclonal antibodies were prepared from the thoracic duct lymphocyte pool of tumor-resistant rats by affinity chromatography and infused i.v. into normal syngeneic rats. The recipients of either one donor equivalent of "helper" T-cells identified by the monoclonal antibody W3/25 or one donor equivalent of "nonhelper" T-cells identified by the monoclonal antibody OX 8 were resistant to a challenge of Mc7 sarcoma cells. Contaminating cells do not appear to account for the activities of each enriched population, indicating that lymphocytes contributing to expression of resistance to in vivo growth of Mc7 sarcoma must be present in both the helper and the nonhelper T-cell lineages. No direct cytotoxic activity by the thoracic duct lymphocyte populations against the Mc7 sarcoma cells could be demonstrated in vitro. These lymphocytes were generated in vivo and delivered to the systemic circulation of tumor-resistant hosts, implying they play a role in the expression of antitumor resistance in the intact immunized donor. PMID- 6234987 TI - Purification and properties of alpha-D-mannose:beta-1,2-N-acetylglucosaminyl transferases and alpha-D-mannosidases from human adenocarcinoma. AB - Two specific N-acetylglucosaminyltransferases, alpha-1,3-mannoside:beta-2-N acetylglucosaminyltransferase (transferase I) and alpha-1,6-mannoside:beta-2-N acetylglucosaminyltransferase (transferase II), which catalyze the transfer of N acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) from uridine diphospho-GlcNAc to terminal branched alpha-mannosyl (Man) residues, were purified from liver metastases of human colon adenocarcinoma. Transferase I was assayed with Man alpha 1,6(Man alpha 1,3)Man alpha 1,6(Man alpha 1,3)Man beta 1,4GlcNAc beta 1, 4GlcNAc-Asn (Km 0.35 mM), and transferase II was assayed with Man alpha 1,6(GlcNAc beta 1,2Man alpha 1,3)Man beta 1,4GlcNAc beta 1,4-Glc-NAc-Asn (Km 1.0 mM), in which Asn is asparagine. The Km of transferase I for Man alpha 1,6(Man alpha 1,3)Man beta 1,4GlcNAc-beta 1,4) (Fuc alpha 1,6)GlcNAc-Asn was 1 mM. The specificity of the interaction of transferase I with ovalbumin, ovomucoid, the modified heavy chain of porcine immunoglobulin G and glycopeptides prepared from these glycoproteins was examined by kinetic and structural analysis. The best macromolecular substrates for transferase I were ovalbumin devoid of terminal GlcNAc and some mannose, a solubilized preparation of the heavy chain of porcine immunoglobulin G, devoid of sialic acid, galactose, and terminal GlcNAc, and untreated ovomucoid. The apparent KmS were 45, 19, and 390 microM for ovalbumin, the modified heavy chain of immunoglobulin G, and untreated ovomucoid, respectively. The apparent Km of the enzyme for uridine diphospho-GlcNAc was not significantly influenced by the nature of the glycoprotein acceptor, and it varied between 14 and 20 microM for the different glycoproteins. The structures of the oligosaccharide chains in these glycoproteins which acted as acceptors for the purified enzyme were determined. A major glycopeptide product with the structure Man alpha 1,3(Man alpha 1,6)Man alpha 1,6(14C-GlcNAc beta 1,2Man-alpha 1,3)Man beta 1,4GlcNAc-beta 1,4-GlcNAc-Asn was isolated from both ovalbumin and ovomucoid following incubation with transferase I. The specificity of the enzyme for terminal branched mannosyl residues attached to a beta-linked mannose unit greatly restricts the action of this transferase to this juncture in the synthesis of complex-type oligosaccharide chains of N-asparagine-linked glycoproteins.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6234988 TI - Rapid progression of coronary stenosis in patients with unstable angina pectoris selected for coronary angioplasty. AB - We studied the course of coronary stenosis in the first 62 patients (45 men and 17 women) referred for coronary angioplasty in the interval between the diagnostic arteriogram and the preangioplasty coronary arteriogram. In 42 patients, the stenosis was in the left anterior descending artery, in 17 patients in the right coronary artery, in one patient in the left circumflex, and in two patients in the vein graft. Twenty-six patients had stable angina pectoris, 34 patients had unstable angina, and two patients had no angina. The coronary stenosis did not change significantly in any patient with stable angina. Conversely, the stenosis progressed in nine of the 34 patients with unstable angina (26.5%). In five of the nine patients with progression, total occlusion ensued. In four of the five patients total occlusion occurred within the 45-day interval between the diagnostic and the preangioplasty coronary arteriogram. New or increased preexisting collaterals to the occluded vessel developed in all five patients with total occlusion. None of these patients had clinical or electrocardiographic evidence of myocardial infarction or significant changes in ventricular function. Angiographic evidence of thrombi was seen in ten of 34 patients with unstable angina (29%). We concluded that coronary artery stenosis in patients with unstable angina pectoris is progressive in a significant number after a short time. The cause of progression of coronary stenosis in patients with unstable angina is unknown. Since in a significant number of patients with unstable angina coronary thrombus was suggested by angiography, coronary thrombosis superimposed on coronary atherosclerosis may play a significant role in this syndrome. Further prospective studies are needed, including repeat coronary arteriograms to evaluate the cause of unstable angina, define the role of coronary thrombosis, and evaluate the cause of unstable angina, define the role of coronary thrombosis, and evaluate the efficacy of more aggressive treatment adding the use of prolong heparin and antiplatelet agents prior to coronary angioplasty. PMID- 6234989 TI - The brachial artery method to peripheral transluminal angioplasty. AB - The brachial artery method to peripheral (percutaneous) transluminal angioplasty is described. A total of 232 angioplasties were attempted using the brachial and femoral artery techniques with a success achieved in 204 cases (88%): in 167 of 176 (95%) stenoses, and in 37 of 56 (66%) occlusions. 114 attempts were made via the brachial artery method with a success achieved in 109 (96%): in 98 of 102 (96%) stenoses, and in 11 of 12 (92%) occlusions. 68% of the attempts were made in the ileofemoral system with a success achieved in 73 cases (94%): in 66 of 70 (94%) stenoses, and 7 of 8 occlusions. All of the attempted renal, subclavian, and superficial femoral artery stenoses were successfully dilated. One local brachial artery complication was encountered. The brachial artery method to peripheral transluminal angioplasty is an acceptable and complementary alternative to the transfemoral technique. PMID- 6234990 TI - Left main coronary artery stenosis: a possible complication of transluminal coronary angioplasty. AB - Coronary transluminal angioplasty is a new alternative modality for the treatment of specific lesions of coronary artery disease. Although numerous complications have been recognized, this represents the first report of development of a severe left main coronary artery stenosis following left anterior descending artery angioplasty. PMID- 6234991 TI - Distal coronary artery injury following successful percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. AB - A 65-year-old woman underwent successful percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty of a right coronary artery stenosis. Shortly thereafter, she developed chest discomfort and repeat angiography demonstrated a new area of stenosis distal to the area of original angioplasty. An attempt at a second angioplasty resulted in vessel occlusion with subsequent successful bypass surgery. The etiology of the new distal lesion is discussed. PMID- 6234992 TI - B cell activation: three steps and their variations. PMID- 6234993 TI - Spectrin deficient inherited hemolytic anemias in the mouse: characterization by spectrin synthesis and mRNA activity in reticulocytes. AB - We have investigated spectrin synthesis and mRNA activity in mice homozygous and heterozygous for six mutations occurring at three distinct loci (nb, ja, sph). When homozygous, these mutations cause severe hemolytic anemias that are characterized by specific spectrin deficiencies. Our results indicate that the primary effect of the nb mutation is a deficiency of another erythrocyte membrane skeletal protein, ankyrin. The severe deficiency of spectrin in the red blood cells of ja/ja mice is the result of a beta spectrin defect. Analysis of spectrin synthesis in mice homozygous and heterozygous for several alleles of sph indicates that the sph locus is the structural gene locus for alpha spectrin. We have mapped the sph locus to mouse Chromosome 1. PMID- 6234994 TI - A study of the mechanism of Con A-induced immunosuppression in vivo. AB - The plaque-forming cell (PFC) response to sheep erythrocytes (SRBC) is suppressed in a dose-related manner when concanavalin A (Con A) is administered intravenously to mice prior to or after immunization with antigen. The magnitude of suppression as well as the duration of the Con A effect greatly depends on the concentration of antigen used for immunization. Although profound suppression of the anti-SRBC PFC response is observed in intact mice pretreated with Con A for 4 24 hr, spleen cells from these mice do not exhibit suppressive activity when transferred into normal recipients or when cotransferred with normal spleen cells into irradiated recipients. Moreover, the cells from Con A-treated mice respond as normal spleen cells to SRBC when transferred alone into irradiated hosts. Suppression of the anti-SRBC PFC is only observed when adoptive hosts of cells from Con A-treated mice are also injected with Con A within 48 hr (but not 72 hr) of cell transfer and immunization. This time course of responsiveness to the suppressive effects of Con A is similar to that observed in normal mice and in irradiated recipients of normal spleen cells. The immune response to SRBC is also suppressed in adoptive hosts of normal spleen cells that are pretreated with Con A 4-24 hr prior to irradiation and cell transfer. Although functionally inactive when transferred into adoptive hosts, spleen cells from mice pretreated with Con A for 4-24 hr can suppress a primary antibody response to SRBC in vitro. The suppressive activity, which cannot be detected in the spleens of mice when the interval between pretreatment and assay is longer than 24 hr, is present in a subpopulation that bears the Thy 1.2 and Lyt 2 phenotype. Taken together the results obtained in in vivo and in vitro functional assays suggest that a suppressor cell population is activated following in vivo treatment with Con A, but that the cells rapidly lose their state of activation when removed from a Con A environment. This phenomenon is in all probability responsible for the failure to demonstrate suppressive activity in the spleens of Con A-treated mice using in vivo functional assays. PMID- 6234995 TI - Characterization of two suppressor cells that together prevent in vivo development of cytolytic T cells to hapten-altered self. AB - Two suppressor cell populations that interact to down-regulate in vivo development of the cytolytic T-cell (CTL) response to trinitrophenyl-modified syngeneic spleen cells (TNP-SC) have been further characterized. Suppressor cells induced by the iv injection of trinitrophenyl-modified syngeneic spleen cells possess Thy 1.2 antigen. Their precursors are insensitive to pretreatment of host animals with cyclophosphamide (CY). Suppressor cells that arise after dermal sensitization with trinitrochlorobenzene are also Thy 1.2 antigen positive but their precursors are sensitive to pretreatment with CY. These characteristics of the two suppressor T cells (Ts) are identical to those of the two Ts that are generated by similar methodologies and that together suppress contact sensitivity (CS) to picryl chloride. Neither the CS nor CTL response was suppressed when host animals possessed only one set of Ts. In contrast to suppression of CS at the efferent phase, development of CTL was suppressed only when the two Ts were present early during sensitization (afferent phase). Since the results point to several similarities between the two sets of Ts that are active in the down regulation of the CS and CTL responses, it is suggested that the two dissimilar immune responses directed to the same hapten, namely CS and CTL, may be controlled by the same suppressor cells. Since it appears that the two sets of Ts interact to affect different phases of the CS and CTL responses, down-regulation of each must be accomplished through different mechanisms. PMID- 6234996 TI - A mutant human T-cell line producing immunosuppressive factor(s). AB - 6T-CEM-20, a subclone of a 6-thioguanine-resistant mutant derived from the human T-cell line CEM, secreted into the medium, a high titered immunosuppressive factor specific for T cells. The cell-free supernatant was very potent in suppressing, via a noncytotoxic mechanism, mitogen-activated T-cell proliferation, cytotoxic T-cell functions, and pokeweed mitogen (PWM)-stimulated plaque-forming cells (PFC). Lower dilutions of the supernatant (10(-1)-10(-2] abrogated T-cell functions within 24 hr whereas higher dilutions (10(-3)-10(-7] required a culture period of up to 4 days with lymphocytes to arrest T-cell activities. The suppressive activity was most pronounced when the factor was added in the early part of the culture period. The factor was sensitive to heat treatment and both low and high pH (most stable at physiological pH). Preliminary purification with column chromatography indicates that the active moiety was contained in the high-molecular-weight fraction (MW greater than 200,000). Data from coculture experiments suggested that T lymphocytes, which were exposed for 5 12 hr to the active supernatant or the partially purified material, suppressed allogeneic T-cell proliferation in a dose-related manner. This suppressor factor which we called suppressor-activating factor (SAF) might have activated a suppressor population or induced the production of a suppressor factor which in turn mediated the observed suppression. Both the molecular structure and the detailed mechanism of action are under investigation. PMID- 6234998 TI - Purification and characterization of a mitosis inhibiting epidermal peptide. PMID- 6234997 TI - Cell-biology of ageing. III. Malondialdehyde as an index of free radical reactions in the early senescent mutants of Neurospora crassa and study of the effect of free radical scavengers on malondialdehyde contents. AB - Malondialdehyde - a product of lipid peroxidation due to free radical reaction was estimated in the culture filtrates of early senescent mutants of Neurospora crassa and the effects of vitamin E, vitamin C and Sodium selenite (free radical scavengers) in malondialdehyde contents were studied. From the results obtained, it could not be established that increased free radical reaction was the sole factor for the early senescence of all the mutants; and the free radical scavengers had very little effect on the malondialdehyde content of the selected early senescent mutants. PMID- 6234999 TI - [Treatment of patients with tumours before, during and after oncological therapy]. PMID- 6235000 TI - Time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy of hematoporphyrin-derivative in human lymphocytes. AB - This paper reports on time-resolved microfluorimetric measurements on hematoporphyrin-derivative (HpD)-treated lymphocytes. HpD is at present widely used as a tumor-locating and photosensitizing drug. It is therefore of great importance to study the extent to which the HpD uptake process depends on cell functional and structural properties. Time-resolved fluorescence measurements in single cells are very useful in this respect, since they give information on the content of fluorescent molecules through fluorescence peak-intensity, and, indirectly, on the binding properties through the fluorescence decay times. In particular, we studied the dependence of HpD fluorescence on the cellular functional state. To this end, we performed in-cell fluorescence measurements on human lymphocytes, both in quiescent conditions and in the pre-replicative phase, after stimulation with phytohemagglutinin (PHA). We found a higher HpD content in stimulated lymphocytes. Moreover, we found a spectral band around 575 nm, corresponding to a particular porphyrin species, in which the differences between normal and stimulated lymphocytes are more striking. The porphyrin species emitting in this band seems to play a role in the specific interaction of HpD with tumors, since a similar emission band has also been found in tumor cells containing HpD. PMID- 6235001 TI - Spectroscopic studies of hematoporphyrin-derivative in culture medium. AB - This work reports on studies of hematoporphyrin-derivative (HpD) behaviour in culture medium. Absorption, excitation and emission spectra, together with time resolved fluorescence measurements, were performed. In previous works, similar studies had been carried out on HpD in saline and in lymphocytes: a new porphyrin species (NPS) and the environmental conditions for its formation in saline were studied. A fluorescent emission similar to that presented by the NPS is reported to be more likely in tumor rather than in normal HpD-treated cells, it was also found in greater amounts in lymphocytes in the pre-replicative phase, as compared with quiescent ones. The higher NPS content in stimulated rather than in quiescent lymphocytes may be due either to a differential uptake, as compared with other HpD components, or to a differential formation rate in cells, because of different microenvironmental conditions. To distinguish between these two main assumptions, the formation of NPS in culture medium was studied. The process was very slow: no NPS appeared within the first 40 h. The incubation time of lymphocytes in culture medium added with HpD in the experiments performed was only 1 h and therefore a differential formation rate of NPS may explain the higher content found in stimulated lymphocytes. PMID- 6235004 TI - [Experimental studies on sterilization of Chinese crude drugs with ethylene oxide]. PMID- 6235002 TI - Structure activity relationship of epoxides: different mutagenicity of the two diastereoisomeric 3-bromo-1,2-epoxycyclohexanes. AB - The mutagenic activities in V79 Chinese hamster cells and the alkylating abilities towards nicotinamide of the two diastereisomeric cis and trans-3-bromo 1,2-epoxycyclohexanes were measured and compared with those of unsubstituted 1,2 epoxycyclohexane and bromocyclohexane. trans-3-Bromo-1,2-epoxycyclohexane exhibited a mutagenic activity 2.5 times higher than that of its cis diastereoisomer, but very similar to that of the parent unbrominated epoxide, whereas the electrophilic reactivities towards nicotinamide were very similar for the three epoxides tested. Bromocyclohexane showed the highest toxicity, but no alkylating ability. The presence of an epoxide hydrolase activity in the V79 Chinese hamster cells used in the mutagenesis tests has been demonstrated using safrole oxide as the substrate, cis-3-Bromo-1,2-epoxycyclohexane, but not its trans diastereoisomer, is hydrolyzed by the enzyme present in microsomal preparations from the V79 cells. The results indicate that for the cycloaliphatic compounds examined: (1) the introduction of a bromide substituent at the carbon adjacent to the oxirane ring does not cause an increase in mutagenicity, (2) the relative stereochemical configuration at the above carbon does affect the biological activity and (3) the significantly different mutagenicity of the two diastereoisomeric 3-bromo-1,2-epoxycyclohexanes is not attributable to a different electrophilic reactivity, but could be related to some specific interaction with detoxifying enzymes present in the V79 Chinese hamster cells used in the biological experiments. PMID- 6235005 TI - [Preparation of dosage forms of Ramulus uncariae cum uncis]. PMID- 6235006 TI - [Detection of arsenic trioxide in Niuhuang Jiedu tablet]. PMID- 6235008 TI - [Studies on Chinese Curcuma. III. Comparison of the volatile oil and phenolic constituents from rhizome and tuber of Curcuma longa]. PMID- 6235007 TI - [The relationship between root growth and cryptotanshinone content of Salvia miltiorrhiza]. PMID- 6235010 TI - [Biological characteristics and pruning technic of Citrus aurantium L]. PMID- 6235011 TI - [Preliminary report on chemical analysis of Hemidactylus bowringii]. PMID- 6235012 TI - [Pharmacological study on the effect of Panax ginseng on 2,3-diphosphoglycerate in the red cell]. PMID- 6235014 TI - [Studies on the Chinese drugs capable of reducing blood lipids]. PMID- 6235013 TI - [Comparative studies on the pharmacological actions of several ginseng]. PMID- 6235015 TI - [Rules in compounding Chinese drugs]. PMID- 6235016 TI - [The tissue culture of capitulum of Artemisia apiacea]. PMID- 6235017 TI - [Pharmacognostic identification of Claoxylon polot and its fakery]. PMID- 6235018 TI - [A study on Tibetan traditional drugs "Lang-Dang"]. PMID- 6235019 TI - [Identification of Bai-He-Che (rhizoma Rohdeae japonicae) and its adulterant rhizoma Speiranthae]. PMID- 6235020 TI - [On the relation between drug processing and medical treatment]. PMID- 6235022 TI - [Processing of Chinese drugs as one of the important ways of studying Chinese materia medica]. PMID- 6235021 TI - [Comparison of monosaccharide contents between the raw and prepared roots of Rehmannia ]. PMID- 6235023 TI - [Study on the pharmaceutical preparations for rectal administration]. PMID- 6235024 TI - [Quantitative control of bovine and ovine bile]. PMID- 6235025 TI - [Application of scientific analysis to remove precipitation in the process of preparing Chinese medicine]. PMID- 6235027 TI - [A preliminary report on the isolation and analysis of free amino acids in silkworm feces]. PMID- 6235026 TI - [GC/MS analysis of volatile oils from Chinese Asarum species. I. Asarum heterotropiodes var. mandshuricum, A. sieboldii, A. porphyronotum A. atrovirens and A. caudigerellum]. PMID- 6235028 TI - [Chemical constituents of Gentiana regescens]. PMID- 6235029 TI - [The hypotensive effect of Solanum nigrum]. PMID- 6235030 TI - [Effect of Yang-Yin composite mixture on DNA polymerase alpha and DNA template activity]. PMID- 6235031 TI - [The anti-inflammatory action of "Zhi-Mi-Ling"]. PMID- 6235032 TI - [Multi-criteria synthetic analysis of orthogonal, complemental and duplicate tests]. PMID- 6235033 TI - [Cellular location of qinghaosu, qinghaosu I and qinghaosu II]. PMID- 6235034 TI - [Tissue culture of immature embryos of Cornus officinalis]. PMID- 6235035 TI - [A preliminary study on the relationship between purple tongue and hyperaggregability of the platelet]. PMID- 6235036 TI - [Effect of Chinese medicine on IgG-containing plasma cells and peritoneal mast cells of hydrocorticoid-treated mice]. PMID- 6235037 TI - [Changes in glucocorticoid receptor of liver cytosol in "Yang deficiency" animal models and effects of "Yang-tonifiers"]. PMID- 6235038 TI - [Experimental study on antitumor effect of an extract derived from Patrinia scabra Bge]. PMID- 6235039 TI - [Exploration of pathologic changes in chronic gastritis with the theory of traditional Chinese medicine]. PMID- 6235040 TI - [Physiological interpretation of pulse feeling]. PMID- 6235041 TI - [Application of Chinese medicinal herbs in restoring the liver function of patients with chronic hepatitis]. PMID- 6235042 TI - [Symposium on digestive diseases and hepatitis--treatment of severe and chronic hepatitis]. PMID- 6235043 TI - [A glimpse of traditional Chinese medicine in the Philippines]. PMID- 6235044 TI - [Research on the treatment of chronic hepatitis]. PMID- 6235045 TI - [Attention to a type of chronic persistent hepatitis]. PMID- 6235046 TI - [Comparison of jaundice-reducing effect of drugs for eliminating pathogenic heat from blood and invigorating blood circulation, corticosteroids and toxic heat removing drugs in the treatment of cholestatic hepatitis]. PMID- 6235047 TI - [Therapeutic effect of traditional Chinese medicine-western medicine on severe jaundice of hepatitis]. PMID- 6235048 TI - [Therapeutic effect of danshen injection on chronic active hepatitis]. PMID- 6235049 TI - [A preliminary study on the effect of a single Rheum officinale in heavy doses in the treatment of acute icteric hepatitis]. PMID- 6235050 TI - [Combined traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine in the treatment of 356 cases of scrofula of the neck and axilla]. PMID- 6235051 TI - [Preliminary observation on therapeutic effect of couch-netting and cryoextraction of cataract]. PMID- 6235052 TI - [Clinical observation on synephrine and N-methyltyramine in the treatment of 53 cases with shock]. PMID- 6235053 TI - [Experimental and clinical observation on the therapeutic effect of Hua-Zheng solution on cardiac dysfunction]. PMID- 6235054 TI - [Clinical observation on treatment of coronary heart disease with Chinese herbal medicines of Yiqi and Huoxue]. PMID- 6235055 TI - Cytotoxicity and mutagenicity of cis platin assayed in neurospora. AB - A Neurospora spheroplast assay was used to study the cytotoxicity and mutagenicity of cis platin (cis dichlorodiammine platinum II) in a eukaryote. Mutagenicity was measured by using reversion of several alleles of the am (NH3 assimilatory glutamate dehydrogenase) gene. A mutation (uvs-2) that disables a DNA repair pathway in Neurospora resulted in reduced sensitivity to and elimination of mutability by cis platin. The implications for other eukaryotic systems (including human cells) are discussed. PMID- 6235056 TI - Informal support for the carers of disabled children. AB - This article draws on data from a nationally representative sample of disabled children to investigate the support which careers receive from spouses, relatives, friends, neighbours and voluntary organizations. The results confirm the findings of previous studies that, within families, mothers bear the major burden both of child care and housework. However, the results indicate that families with disabled children generally do not receive as much support from relatives, friends and neighbours as some previous studies of children with particular disorders have suggested, and that membership of voluntary organizations is very low. PMID- 6235057 TI - Honeylands' role in the pre-school years: II. Patterns of use; and III. Factors inhibiting use. AB - This is the second paper arising from an independent evaluation of Honeylands' role in the pre-school years. The study was based on interviews with parents of young handicapped children in the Exeter area, both 'users' and 'non-users' of Honeylands' services. In the first section of the paper we examine the ways in which parents made use of Honeylands' facilities. Residential care, both regular and 'on demand' is considered in particular detail. We then go on to examine the reasons for non-use and the factors inhibiting the use made by 'user' families. After considering some objective factors which may effect take-up, we discuss more generally the dilemma of accepting help. PMID- 6235058 TI - Developmental milestones or conceptual millstones? Some practical and theoretical limitations in infant assessment procedures. AB - There is a wide gap between recent research models of infant development and available clinical procedures. This paper considers the limitations of current assessment instruments, with special reference to motor-impaired infants. It also examines the theoretical and conceptual limitations imposed on our understanding of the developmental process by the models of development and measurement on which the instruments are based. These limitations are especially important for assessment and intervention strategies with impaired infants (0-30 months). It is suggested that new assessment methods are needed to tap the processes underlying developmental change and more accurately reflect the complexity of factors affecting development. PMID- 6235059 TI - Parental reactions to early intervention with their Down's syndrome infants. AB - Results of early intervention programmes with Down's syndrome infants are well documented in terms of the effects on the infants' development, but less attention has been given to the reactions of parents who are required to carry out the programmes. A small scale interview study of three groups of parents receiving different 'intensities' of intervention is described. Overall, parents' view of the intervention programmes are positive but the difficulties experienced by some parents point to the need for intervenors to be sensitive to family situations and feelings and for programmes to be flexible enough to meet these needs. PMID- 6235060 TI - Dilation angioplasty of congenital or operative narrowings of venous channels. AB - Balloon dilation angioplasty was attempted in 10 infants and children with severe congenital or operative "venous" obstructions. In five children the obstructions were "vena caval" and followed repair for transposition of the great vessels (four patients) or orthotopic liver transplantation (one patient). In the four patients with fixed vena caval or baffle obstructions, balloon angioplasty was successful in relieving the obstruction, decreasing the average gradient (16.0 to 4.5 mm Hg), and increasing the average diameter (3.0 to 8.9 mm) of the obstructed site. One child died 1 week later from an unrelated cerebral hemorrhage; the three survivors have had persistent clinical and angiographic improvement. The fifth child had severe systolic narrowing of the superior baffle limb caused by marked tricuspid regurgitation, which ballooned the superior limb of the baffle against the atrial roof. Angioplasty was unsuccessful in relieving this type of obstruction, which resolved with tricuspid valve replacement. Of the five infants with obstructed pulmonary veins, three had congenitally narrowed vessels associated with total anomalous pulmonary venous connection, one had acquired stenosis, and one had postoperative obstruction after repair of a mixed type of total anomalous pulmonary venous connection. Dilation was unsuccessful in all five patients, but for different reasons: in the congenitally narrowed veins, the waist in the balloon could not be eliminated, even with high dilating pressures; in the infant with acquired stenosis, the vein stretched but did not tear at low dilating pressures; and in the postoperative obstruction, angioplasty increased the diameter of the obstruction but did not increase flow to the affected lung.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6235061 TI - Independent determinants of operative mortality for patients with aortic dissections. AB - A 20 year (1963 to 1982) surgical experience including 175 consecutive patients with aortic dissections was analyzed by logistic discriminant analyses to identify predictors of high operative risk. The patient population had characteristics similar to those in large autopsy series. Sixty-nine percent had type A and 58% had acute dissections. The intimal tear was located in the ascending aorta in 60% of the patients, the descending aorta in 27%, and the transverse arch in 13%. The overall operative mortality rate was 23 +/- 3%. The operative mortality rates were substantially lower between 1977 and 1982: mortality in patients with acute type A dissections, 7 +/- 5%; in those with chronic type A, 11 +/- 7%; in those with acute type B, 13 +/- 12%; and in those with chronic type B, 11 +/- 11%. After preliminary univariate screening, the following factors were determined to be significant independent predictors of operative mortality (in rank order of declining predictive power): type A patients (n = 121), renal dysfunction, tamponade, renal/visceral ischemia, and operative date; type B patients (n = 54), rupture, renal/visceral ischemia, and age; all patients (n = 175), renal dysfunction, renal/visceral ischemia, site of tear (ascending less than descending less than arch), tamponade, operative date, and pulmonary disease. Interestingly, several variables had no important bearing on operative mortality, including type (acute vs chronic) of dissection, age, previous operation, rupture, stroke, paraplegia, Marfan's syndrome, concomitant aortic valve replacement and/or coronary artery bypass grafting, site of tear, and whether or not the tear was resected in type A patients; emergency operation, hypertension, previous cardiac symptoms, paraplegia, site of tear, and resection of tear in type B patients; and, when all patients were considered together, age, sex, cardiac symptoms, prior operation, stroke, paraplegia, acute myocardial infarction, acute aortic regurgitation, Marfan's syndrome, and tear resection. These data allow calculation of any individual patient's operative risk and document that the operative mortality rate today is relatively low for all patients with aortic dissections, irrespective of type or acuity. Earlier surgical referral of patients with acute type A or acute type B dissection before irreversible major end-organ ischemia and/or infarction is probably in part responsible for the substantially improved results since 1977. PMID- 6235062 TI - Pulsed Doppler echocardiographic evaluation of ventricular septal defect patches. AB - Doppler echocardiography has been shown to have high sensitivity and specificity for noninvasive detection of the flow disturbance of ventricular septal defect. After surgery for ventricular septal defect, one might expect loss of the ventricular septal defect flow disturbance. We used two-dimensional and pulsed Doppler echocardiography to evaluate 30 children undergoing surgery for ventricular septal defect to determine postoperative Doppler findings and the effect of ventricular septal defect patch material on those findings. Twenty-one patients had Dacron patches and nine pericardial patches. Doppler examinations were performed immediately after surgery and at intervals thereafter. The patches were imaged on two-dimensional echocardiograms and the Doppler method was used to evaluate flow at the patches. Doppler echocardiography was also used to estimate volume flow in the aorta and pulmonary artery to estimate postoperative ratio of pulmonary to systemic flow (Qp/Qs). Immediately after surgery 93% of patients had a flow disturbance detected by Doppler echocardiography in the region of the surgically placed patch. On postoperative day 1, 62% of Dacron-patched defects and 66% of pericardial patched defects showed evidence of residual shunting on Doppler examination. By the third postoperative day, this prevalence fell to 23% and 44%, respectively. By 2 weeks after surgery there was evidence of residual shunting in only two patients. In 26 of 30 early postoperative Qp/Qs estimates were under 1.6/1; all but two of these lost the Doppler-detected flow disturbance by 2 weeks after surgery. In three of 30 Qp/Qs estimates exceeded 1.9/1; two of these three required reoperation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6235064 TI - The inflammatory response to anthralin. PMID- 6235063 TI - Hexokinase, phosphofructokinase and pyruvate kinase isoenzymes in lymphocyte subpopulations. AB - In order to study the three regulator enzymes of glycolysis, hexokinase (HK), phosphofructokinase (PFK) and pyruvate kinase (PK), in relation to lymphocyte maturation, lymphocytes of different origin were investigated. Lymphocytes from bone marrow, thymus, cord blood, adult peripheral blood and mitogen-stimulated lymphocytes were investigated. The enzyme activities were determined and the isozyme patterns were studied by means of electrophoresis, kinetic measurements and immunoprecipitation. The young lymphocytes from bone marrow and the mitogen stimulated lymphocytes could be distinguished from the other lymphocytes by a higher residual HK activity in the presence of the inhibitor glucose-1,6 diphosphate. Peripheral blood T lymphocytes differed from non-T lymphocytes in the PK isozymes distribution. All the cells contained PK type K4 and the hybrid K3M. In T cells a smaller amount of the K isozyme was seen than in non-T cells. The PK residual activity in the presence of alanine was significantly higher in peripheral blood T cells than in non-T cells. Thymocytes are characterised by a larger amount of PFK M-subunits than peripheral blood T and non-T lymphocytes. The stimulation of PFK by the positive effector glucose-1,6-diphosphate was higher in thymocytes than in the peripheral blood lymphocytes. PMID- 6235066 TI - Fixed drug eruption due to carbamazepine. PMID- 6235065 TI - Effective medical treatment of common baldness in women. PMID- 6235067 TI - Laxative eruption. PMID- 6235068 TI - Enhanced T helper cell function for the spontaneous production of IgM rheumatoid factor in vitro in rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Co-culture experiments between T and B cells from normal subjects and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients were performed in order to assess the immunoregulatory effects of T cells on spontaneous production of IgM rheumatoid factor (IgM-RF). Cultures of normal B cells with normal, autologous or allogeneic T cells failed to synthesize IgM-RF. In contrast, RAT cells promoted IgM-RF production from normal B cells as well as from RA B cells. The 'helper' effect of T cells from RA patients for IgM-RF production was not HLA-DR4 restricted and could not be accounted for by an allogeneic effect. These observations suggest that activated T helper cells may contribute to the production of IgM-RF in RA. PMID- 6235069 TI - Antigen feeding modifies the course of antigen-induced immune complex disease. AB - Low affinity mice, prone to chronic immune complex disease (ICD) induced by daily injection of antigen, were fed 0.05% HSA in their drinking water for 7 days before the start of daily injections of HSA. Antigen feeding resulted in a marked decrease in the incidence of ICD despite the presence of high levels of circulating immune complexes. These complexes, which persisted in the circulation for long periods, were of low molecular weight and did not localize in the glomeruli. Antigen fed mice had lower levels of free antibody in their sera compared with control mice which may have favoured the formation of small latticed complexes in antigen excess. Antibody affinity was not apparently affected by prior feeding with antigen. PMID- 6235070 TI - Membrane phenotype and functional behaviour of T lymphocytes in multiple myeloma: correlation with clinical stages of the disease. AB - The distribution of T lymphocyte subsets was assessed using monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) in 44 untreated patients with multiple myeloma (MM) subdivided according to the clinical stage of the disease. A significant reduction (P less than 0.001) of T lymphocytes was observed only in stage II and III patients. The proportion and absolute number of OKT4 positive cells (helper/inducer phenotype) were significantly reduced in all stages of the disease; this quantitative abnormality was more pronounced in advanced disease. While the proportion of OKT8 positive cells (suppressor/cytotoxic phenotype) was increased above normal in all stages, the absolute number (of OKT8 positive cells) was high only in stage I patients; on the contrary in stage II-III patients the total OKT8 count was reduced compared with normal controls. A significantly reduced OKT4/OKT8 ratio was found in both groups of patients (P less than 0.005). Functional studies, carried out on the unfractionated T cells of patients with MM, demonstrated a consistent helper defect in the ability to induce the differentiation of normal B lymphocytes into antibody producing cells in a pokeweed mitogen driven system. However, the removal of OKT8 positive cells produces a significant increase in helper capacity, suggesting that the reduced helper function of T lymphocytes in toto is probably due to excessive suppressor activity. The possible immunoregulatory role of MM T cell disease is discussed. PMID- 6235071 TI - In vitro and in vivo actions of acetylcholine receptor educated suppressor T cell lines in murine experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis. AB - Immunization of C57Bl/6 mice with Torpedo acetylcholine receptor (AChR) leads to EAMG, experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis, with characteristic clinical, electrophysiological, and immune features. Present in the lymphoid organs of mice with EAMG are AChR specific suppressor T cells: these cells can be grown in vitro as T cell lines. These lines are able to suppress the in vitro response to AChR, and can suppress the in vivo development of EAMG. PMID- 6235072 TI - Interleukin-2 activity in chronic active liver diseases: response by T cells and in the autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction. AB - The T cell growth factor, interleukin-2 (IL-2), is a lymphokine which supports the immunoregulatory function of T cells. We measured the production of and response to IL-2 of peripheral blood T cell subsets from patients with chronic active liver diseases (CALD) and other liver diseases (Others) by the proliferative response of the cells activated with phytohaemogglutin P. Both production of and response to IL-2 of T cells from 24 patients with CALD were markedly decreased (P less than 0.001) in comparison with 13 controls. T cells from 10 patients with Others yielded low IL-2 titre (P less than 0.05) and responded to IL-2 in a depressed manner (P less than 0.05). OKT4+ and OKT8+ cells from five CALD patients as well as five controls equally produced IL-2 and responded to it. However, IL-2 production (P less than 0.05) and response to IL-2 (P less than 0.01) of OKT4+ cells from CALD patients were decreased in contrast to those of OKT8+ cells. We also examined the effect of IL-2 on the autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction. A highly significant increase (P less than 0.001) in the proliferative response of OKT8+ cells and unseparated T cells from 15 patients with CALD occurred with the addition of IL-2 although the values were still lower (P less than 0.01) than those of OKT8+ and unseparated T cells from 12 controls. Addition of IL-2 did not result in a significant increase of the reactivity of OKT4+ cells from patients with CALD. These results further delineate the nature of the immunoregulatory aberration in CALD. PMID- 6235073 TI - Defective erythrocyte C3b receptor function associated with low serum complement (C3, C4) concentrations in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. AB - An immune adherence haemagglutination (IAHA) method was used to measure erythrocyte C3b receptor (EC3bR) activity in 110 patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) and 223 controls. Results obtained from IDDM were correlated with serum complement concentrations (C3, C4) as well as with HLA types of the patients. We observed an increased frequency of defective EC3bR in IDDM (26.4%) compared to controls (10.8%, P less than 0.0005). Those patients who had defective EC3bR (IAHA negative) also had lower serum C3 and C4 concentrations than those with normal EC3bR function (IAHA positive). HLA-Dw3 positive patients had lower C4 concentrations than HLA-Dw3 negative patients and more often had defective EC3bR activity, although this difference was statistically not significant. Our results may indicate the close relationship between the risk factors which predispose to both IDDM and systemic lupus erythematosus. PMID- 6235074 TI - Paradoxical presence of T cell anergy during successful T cell-dependent tumour immunotherapy: characterization of a state of T cell 'amnaesia' following systemic administration of C. parvum. AB - Systemic administration of Corynebacterium parvum causes T cell-dependent regression of an established methylcholanthrene-induced murine fibrosarcoma beginning 10 days after Cp injection. At this time, tumour specific effector T cell responses measured by reactivity in a T helper cell assay or in a Winn assay disappear only to return later. We refer to this temporary lapse in T cell reactivity as immunological 'amnaesia'. Antigen specific T cell responses within all lymphoid organs appear to be affected. The 'amnaesic' state is characterised by the presence of primed T cells but the absence of T effector cells and suppressor cells. The differentiation of the primed T cells is blocked probably as a result on the non-delivery of a differentiation signal. There are several possible mechanisms which could account for this; the one we prefer is that cells are prevented from entering T cell-dependent cell interaction areas within lymphoid organs. This state of T cell 'amnaesia' may underlie anergy in some inflammatory, infectious and neoplastic diseases. The apparent paradox of T cell dependent tumour regression occurring in mice with depressed T cell responses is discussed. PMID- 6235077 TI - Clinical evaluation of urinary incontinence and abnormal anatomy and pathophysiology. PMID- 6235076 TI - Influence of nicorandil, an antianginal agent, on the therapeutic and toxic cardiovascular actions of ouabain in the anaesthetized dog. AB - The effects of nicorandil were investigated on ouabain-induced cardiovascular actions in pentobarbitone-anaesthetized dogs. Nicorandil (500 micrograms/kg per h) and ouabain (100 micrograms/kg per h), alone and in combination, were infused intravenously to three groups of dogs. Nicorandil gradually decreased systemic blood pressure, pressure-rate product, left ventricular systolic pressure, and coronary vascular resistance, but did not significantly affect heart rate, left ventricular dP/dt max, coronary blood flow, plasma electrolyte concentrations and ECG patterns. The lethal dose of ouabain was 122 micrograms/kg (s.e.m. = 3, n = 6) and the dose required to elicit ventricular premature beats was 63 micrograms/kg (s.e.m. = 3, n = 6). When nicorandil and ouabain were simultaneously infused intravenously, nicorandil did not affect either the lethal dose of ouabain or the dose required to produce ventricular premature beats, but it significantly inhibited the marked increases in coronary vascular resistance and systemic blood pressure induced by ouabain alone. Even in combination with nicorandil, ouabain maintained its own positive inotropic effect. The results indicate that the combination of ouabain with nicorandil may be beneficial in some conditions of angina pectoris. PMID- 6235075 TI - Lymphocyte subpopulations in Down's syndrome: high percentage of circulating HNK 1+, Leu 2a+ cells. AB - Peripheral blood lymphomononuclear cells (PBL) from 35 patients with Down's syndrome (DS, trisomy-21; 25 institutionalized and 10 non-institutionalized) were phenotypically characterized by means of various monoclonal antibodies. They included a high percentage of T lymphocytes with low avidity for sheep erythrocytes as well as an extremely high percentage of HNK-1+ cells and of lymphocytes reacting with the OKT8 and Leu 2a antibodies. The HNK-1+ cells of DS include four different subsets: (a) E+, OKT3+, OKT8-, Leu 2a-; (b) E+, OKT3+, OKT8+, Leu 2a+; (c) E-, OKT3-, OKT8-, Leu 2a- and (d) E-, OKT3-, OKT8+, Leu 2a+. Subsets (a) and (c) are also present in PBL from karyotypically normal controls while subsets (b) and (d) have a phenotype which has not been previously reported. These findings may be related to the triple expression by trisomic cells of the receptor for interferon, which is coded by a gene located on chromosome number 21. Alternatively, the high number of 'immature' NK cells of DS, possibly identical with pre-T lymphocytes, may originate from the congenital thymic derangement associated with trisomy 21. PMID- 6235078 TI - A method of repair for Achilles tendon ruptures without cast immobilization. Preliminary report. AB - A new technique for the repair of Achilles tendon ruptures has been developed with a Dacron vascular graft used as a tension suture material. The suture is passed through the calcaneal tuberosity and, with two loops applying tension to the tendon at the level of the musculotendinous junction, brings the tendon ends together by creating a solid structure. Post-operative immobilization and its possible adverse sequelae are eliminated by this procedure. The technique was first tested on five dogs with severed Achilles tendons of both hind legs. One side in each animal was repaired with this suture technique; the second leg was left as an untreated control. All the animals recovered from surgery and walked almost normally on the sutured leg within less than three weeks. The dogs did not walk on the unsutured legs. In a second procedure, the control leg was repaired by the same reparative procedure. Equally good results were obtained. The technique was then used on five patients with recent and neglected Achilles tendon ruptures or lacerations. In all instances excellent surgical results were obtained and leg immobilization was virtually eliminated. Physical therapy was begun in the immediate postoperative period. The rehabilitation period was significantly reduced. PMID- 6235080 TI - Reversibility of intrapulmonary arteriovenous shunts in liver cirrhosis documented by serial radionuclide perfusion lung scans. AB - Using serial perfusion lung scans, we have documented the opening up and closure of right-to-left intrapulmonary arteriovenous shunts over a period of several weeks in a patient with chronic alcoholic liver disease. The presence of the shunts correlates well with the severity of hypoxemia and the presence of nodular mottling on chest radiographs. The time course of these changes with clinical status suggests lability and the functional nature of these shunts. PMID- 6235079 TI - The relationship of I-131 6 beta-iodomethyl-19-norcholesterol (NP-59) adrenal cortical uptake to indices of androgen secretion in women with hyperandrogenism. AB - Dexamethasone suppression (DS) adrenal cortical scintigraphy has been shown to be useful in the detection of the adrenal pathology in women with hyperandrogenism. However, a relationship between adrenal cortical uptake of I-131 6 beta iodomethylnorcholesterol (NP-59) and the level of adrenal androgen secretion has not been established. A retrospective analysis of DS adrenal scintiscans has been performed on 39 women with hirsutism and hyperandrogenism. In 14 patients with normal patterns of imaging, in vivo adrenal gland iodocholesterol uptake, calculated using a semi-operator-independent-computer algorithm, did not correlate with the excretion of urinary 17-ketosteroids (17-KS). In contrast, in 20 patients demonstrating abnormal bilateral early imaging patterns, adrenal gland NP-59 uptake correlated significantly with the level of urinary 17-KS excretion (r = 0.65, P less than 0.05). To date seven of these 20 patients have had confirmatory procedures documenting the adrenal glands as contributing sites of androgen secretion. A similar correlation with urinary 17-KS excretion was seen in five other patients with unilateral imaging patterns (r = 0.94, P less than 0.005), due to androgen-secreting adrenal cortical adenomas. No correlation between adrenal NP-59 uptake and plasma testosterone or dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate levels was observed in any of the groups. Thus, adrenal gland uptake of NP-59 under DS reflects a measure of androgen secretion in women with androgen excess. PMID- 6235081 TI - Kinetics of fenoximone, a new cardiotonic, in healthy subjects. AB - Fenoximone, a new cardiotonic, was given to six healthy men as a single intravenous dose of 1 mg/kg and a single oral dose of 3 mg/kg as solution in a crossover study. Plasma concentrations were monitored for 8 hr and urine was collected for 24 hr. Peak plasma concentrations (Cmax) were reached 30 min after the oral dose. Decay of plasma concentrations was fitted to a mean (+/- SD) elimination t1/2 (t1/2 beta) of 60 +/- 14 min after intravenous injection and 78 +/- 26 min after oral dosing. Mean total body clearance for intravenous dosing was 2062 +/- 846 ml/min, renal clearance (ClR) was 5.3 +/- 2.4 ml/min, and extrapolated volume of distribution was 0.37 +/- 0.26 l/kg. The sulfoxide derivative was detected as the main metabolite. Cmax of the sulfoxide metabolite occurred 10 min after the end of the intravenous infusion and 20 to 60 min after oral dosing. From the decay of the plasma concentrations of the sulfoxide, the t1/2 beta s were calculated as 132 +/- 15 min after intravenous injection and 140 +/- 27 min after oral dosing of fenoximone. ClR of the sulfoxide was 499 +/- 106 ml/min after intravenous injection; 24-hr urinary recovery of the sulfoxide was 75.7% +/- 5.7% after intravenous injection and 64.3% +/- 10.4% after oral dosing. Mean oral bioavailability of fenoximone was 53% (range 44% to 69%). PMID- 6235082 TI - Differential effects of amitriptyline and of zimelidine on the sleep electroencephalogram of depressed patients. AB - The effects of amitriptyline (n = 14) or zimelidine (n = 13) on the sleep electroencephalogram of hospitalized depressed patients were assessed in a double blind protocol involving 28 days of active dosing. Zimelidine induced no immediate improvement in sleep continuity, and even after 3 wk on zimelidine subjects tended to have longer sleep latency, more awakenings, and lighter non rapid eye movement (REM) sleep than before taking the drug. Zimelidine did, however, induce a rapid and persistent alteration of sleep architecture and selected REM measures. REM sleep, which was suppressed over the first two nights on zimelidine, was maximally suppressed after 1 wk, but by 3 wk there was some tolerance for selected REM measures. While zimelidine induced none of the sedative effects of amitriptyline, both were equivalent in their REM-suppressant effects. These findings are discussed in terms of the differences in uptake blockade and anticholinergic potency in these two drugs. PMID- 6235083 TI - The effects of acute and chronic beta-adrenoceptor blockade on the myofibrillar contractile system in the dog heart. AB - Electrophoretic and enzyme techniques have been used to study the structure and function of the contractile protein system in the myocardium of dogs before and after beta-adrenoceptor blockade. Animals were examined after acute beta adrenoceptor blockade by using intravenous atenolol (0.2 mg/kg) and following chronic therapy with oral atenolol (100 mg twice daily) for a mean period of 106 days. Two-dimensional polyacrylamide-gel electrophoretic techniques were used to examine the myocardial contractile and regulatory proteins present in endomyocardial biopsy specimens obtained after acute and chronic beta adrenoceptor blockade. No differences in charge, molecular weight or the relative proportions of actin, myosin light chains, tropomyosin or troponin-C were seen after either acute or chronic beta-adrenoceptor blockade. The maximal activity and calcium sensitivity of the myofibrillar adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) was also unchanged after acute and chronic atenolol therapy. It is concluded that beta-adrenoceptor blockade has no significant adaptive effect on the structural or functional properties of the myofibril. PMID- 6235084 TI - Sthenia, ambition and educational level in patients suffering from ankylosing spondylitis: a controlled study of personality features as compared to rheumatoid arthritis and unspecified low back pain. AB - As compared to control-groups of rheumatoid arthritis and chronic non inflammatory low back pain, over a hundred polyclinical patients suffering from ankylosing spondylitis were assessed with respect to several personality characteristics by psychological testing and proved to be relatively sthenic and educated. In trying to explain these personality features some disease-related factors seem to be relevant in ankylosing spondylitis: a relatively mild course of disease, the relief of complaints by exercise and a long pre-diagnostic period. PMID- 6235085 TI - Arthritis associated with salmonella infection. AB - Six cases of arthritis caused by or associated with Salmonella infection are reported. It is stated that an arthritis associated with a Salmonella infection cannot be excluded on the negative results of the Widal test. Consequent upon Salmonella infection two different types of arthritis might develop: a) monoarticular infectious arthritis or b) a subacute reactive oligo-articular arthritis. In this study a patient with a chronic destructive "reactive" oligoarthritis is described, resembling experimental "Salmonella-associated arthritis" in rats. This form of arthritis might be regarded as an immune complex mediated disease associated with a chronic infection. PMID- 6235086 TI - The value of quantitative sacroiliac scintigraphy in detection of sacroiliitis. AB - To evaluate clinical usefulness of quantitative sacroiliac scintigraphy (QSS) in detecting sacroiliitis, we used a modified, pixel by pixel technique for calculating sacroiliac joint/sacrum uptake ratios (sacroiliac joint index - SII). We studied 90 controls, 18 selected patients with active sacroiliitis, 2 ankylosing spondylitis patients with completely ankylosed sacroiliac joints, 14 patients with nonspecific low back pain and 5 patients with rheumatoid arthritis. In the controls, we found that the SII decreases with increasing age (P less than 0.001) and is higher in males than in females (P less than 0.005). In the patients with active sacroiliitis, 9 out of 14 older than 30 had an abnormal SII; 3 of these patients showed no radiographic or CT abnormalities of the sacroiliac joints. None of the 4 patients with sacroiliitis under 30 years of age had values which fell out of the normal range for their age and sex. Only 1 of the 14 patients with non-inflammatory low back pain had an abnormally high SII. A borderline SII was found in 1 of the 5 patients with rheumatoid arthritis. QSS may be useful in detecting active sacroiliitis, sometimes even before the occurrence of radiologic abnormalities. However, because of its low sensitivity, its clinical usefulness is limited, especially in patients under 30 years of age. PMID- 6235087 TI - Comparison between 99Tcm-porcine plasmin and 99Tcm-labelled erythrocytes in diagnosis of deep vein thrombosis. AB - In 20 patients with suspect deep venous thrombosis (DVT), scintillation detector measurements were performed over each leg during the first 60 min after intravenous injection of 99Tcm-porcine plasmin. Thereafter, 99Tcm-labelled autologous erythrocytes were injected i.v. and repeat measurements were performed. Finally, scintillation camera images of both legs were obtained. Phlebography was used as a reference method. A close relationship (P less than 0.01) was found between the scintillation detector measurements, both in patients with DVT (n = 11) and in patients without DVT (n = 9). Thus, 99Tcm-plasmin is not specifically bound to the thrombus. Rather the clinical utility of the test depends mainly on circulatory changes secondary to the thrombus. Scintillation camera images of 99Tcm-erythrocytes in the legs were not useful for diagnosis of DVT in the calves but showed a high specificity for DVT in the popliteal and femoral veins. PMID- 6235088 TI - Comparison of phage typing, plasmid mapping, and antibiotic resistance patterns as epidemiologic markers in a nosocomial outbreak of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections. AB - Isolates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus obtained during a nosocomial outbreak were analyzed by phage typing, plasmid mapping, and antibiotic susceptibility patterns for epidemiologic markers. Antibiotic susceptibility patterns were of limited use epidemiologically because of multiple resistance and similarity of the strains. Phage typing demonstrated that the outbreak consisted of multiple introductions of MRSA organisms into the hospital from the community and from other hospitals, and of circulation of one predominant phage type, 6/47/54/81. Plasmid mapping further subdivided the organisms of this phage type into two different groups, one of which carried two particular plasmids. Organisms carrying these plasmids were significantly more resistant to methicillin and cephalosporins and were isolated from patients who had received prior antibiotic treatment. PMID- 6235089 TI - Atrial and ventricular myosin during development and senescence of the rat. AB - Myosin was isolated from rat atrial and ventricular myocardium and examined during post-natal development and senescence. The post-natal increase of Ca2+ ATPase activity of myosin from rat atria did not run in parallel with changes of ATPase activity of myosin from the ventricles. Ca2+-ATPase of both atrial and ventricular myosin was activated at pH 9.5, when compared with the assay performed at pH 7.5. The myosin light-chain subunits in the ventricles were different from the light-chain subunits in the atria, when characterized by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and the pattern remained practically unchanged during development, with the exception of atrial myosin from new-born and very old rats which contained an additional protein of low molecular weight. PMID- 6235090 TI - Delayed dermal burns caused by dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate. AB - A chemical operator handling dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate (DMAD) developed delayed and pain-free burns on one of his feet 2 days after a supposed spillage of DMAD. The injuries were confirmed to be associated with DMAD by chemical analysis of the operator's safety boot and patch tests. DMAD easily penetrates some protective clothing and dilute solutions can still be hazardous: the toxic effect is compounded by being delayed and painless. The lachrymatory irritant properties of undiluted DMAD are not adequate warning of its presence or spillage in quantities sufficient to cause significant skin damage. PMID- 6235091 TI - Contact sensitivity to antibiotics. PMID- 6235092 TI - Sodium hypochlorite dermatitis. PMID- 6235093 TI - Contact sensitivity to chloroquine sulphate. PMID- 6235094 TI - Allergic contact dermatitis to Dermovate and Eumovate. PMID- 6235095 TI - Buphenin allergy. PMID- 6235096 TI - Hop allergy. PMID- 6235097 TI - Occupational contact dermatitis to Frullania. PMID- 6235098 TI - Contact dermatitis from acrylated resins in UV Ebecryl printing inks. PMID- 6235100 TI - Do individuals with Down's syndrome possess right hemisphere language dominance? AB - A dichotic digits task with selective listening and attention-switching instructions, was administered to 10 mentally retarded individuals with Down's Syndrome between the ages of 10 and 37 years. Attention was focused on one ear for 20 trials before switching attention to the opposite ear after a 5-minute interval. A majority displayed a right ear-left hemisphere advantage for correct responses, although this advantage failed to reach significance. Comparison of left and right ear intrusion errors when each ear was attended first showed significantly more intrusions from the unattended right ear. No priming effects were found. The results do not support the hemispheric reversed specialization hypothesis. Rather, it is suggested that while Down's Syndrome individuals do possess an inherent left hemisphere advantage for language, such individuals may suffer from a left hemisphere information processing disorder that can produce functional reversals in dichotic listening. PMID- 6235099 TI - The effect of different contraceptive treatments on the serum concentration of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate. AB - Twenty-six healthy, non-hirsute women had antecubital venous blood obtained before and during treatment with various contraceptive steroids for the measurement of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S). Six of the women were randomized to receive Ortho Novum 1/35 (O/N), 7 were assigned to Ovcon 35 (OV), and another five received Nordette (N). The 6 women ingesting O/N as well as the 7 receiving OV had significant decreases in serum concentrations of DHEA-S (p less than 0.05). The percentage of decrease in DHEA-S in the O/N group (39 +/- 6%) and in the OV group (30 +/- 5%) was not statistically different. The group receiving N showed no changes from baseline measurements. Serum samples from another 8 women who had received subcutaneous implants of levonorgestrel (1-Ng) were obtained. No significant changes occurred in serum DHEA-S between baseline and six-month samples. The data that 1-Ng alone and the combination of 1-Ng and ethinylestradiol did not change DHEA-S levels suggest that 1-Ng does not affect adrenal androgen secretion. Because N, O/N and OV contain similar quantities of ethinylestradiol, these results indicate that norethindrone, but not 1-Ng, has a major suppressive effect upon adrenal androgen secretion. PMID- 6235101 TI - Current concepts in evaluation of the lumbar facet joints. AB - The lumbar facet joints have been recognized for many years to be an important source of chronic low back pain with sciatic radiation. The presence of unilateral chronic low back pain with sciatic radiation, but without objective neurological abnormality, is typical of symptomatic lumbar facet arthropathy. Computed tomography is much better able to demonstrate significant lumbar facet joint abnormalities than conventional radiographic examination. Computed tomographic findings in the lumbar facet joints appear to correlate better with clinical relief following intraarticular lumbar facet block than do findings on conventional studies. The combination of computed tomography and fluoroscopically controlled intraarticular lumbar facet block is becoming an important examination sequence in the accurate diagnosis of symptomatic lumbar facet arthropathy. The development of concepts regarding lumbar facet joint abnormalities are reviewed, and implications of the development of new procedures for studying lumbar facet disease in the patient with chronic low back pain and sciatica are discussed. PMID- 6235102 TI - Computed tomography in pelvic liposarcoma: a case report. AB - A case of well-differentiated pelvic liposarcoma with unusual presentation of low back pain and sciatica, due to the herniation through the greater sciatic notch, is described. Computed tomography is invaluable, not only in predicting the histologic diagnosis, but also in outlining the location, extent, and size of the tumor. This allows accurate planning of the surgical approach. PMID- 6235104 TI - [The reliability in electrocardiographic diagnosis of left ventricular hypertrophy in children with congenital aortic stenosis]. PMID- 6235103 TI - Photoradiation therapy with hematoporphyrin derivative in early and stage 1 lung cancer. AB - Photoradiation therapy with hematoporphyrin derivative was used in 13 cases of early-stage and eight cases of stage 1 central-type lung cancer. The lesions were photoradiated superficially or interstitially by an argon dye laser with a power of 80 to 600 mW for 10 to 40 minutes at 48 hours or more after intravenous injection of 2.5 to 5.0 mg of hematoporphyrin derivative (Photofrin) per kilogram of body weight. Eight of the 13 early-stage cases were treated with photoradiation only, due to poor pulmonary function or refusal of surgery. Macroscopically complete tumor remission was obtained in all eight cases, and the patients are free of disease at 13 to 41 months after photoradiation therapy, except two patients who died at 16 and 31 months after therapy, due to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and cerebral infarction, respectively. Five cases were resected following photoradiation therapy. Complete remission was demonstrated histologically in two and significant remission in three, and all are free of disease at 7 to 30 months after surgery. The histologic type was squamous cell carcinoma in all cases. In eight stage 1 cases (seven squamous cell carcinomas and one large cell carcinoma), surgery was performed in three after photoradiation therapy, and the remaining five cases were not resected, due to poor pulmonary function or refusal of surgery. Apparent complete remission was obtained in two of the nonresected cases (one died of cerebral infarction at 27 months, while recurrence occurred 15 months after photoradiation therapy in the other) and significant remission in six. In three nonresected cases with significant remission, two patients died of pneumonia unrelated to the photoradiation treatment at 11 and 4 months, respectively, after such treatment. The reason why only significant remission was obtained in early and stage-1 cases was due to the penetration of the argon dye laser beam being limited due to the location of the tumor or the degree of intrabronchial or extrabronchial growth in eight cases. In one other case the power of the argon dye laser beam was insufficient due to technical difficulties. Indications for photoradiation therapy were discussed in relation to the histologic findings in the specimens following such therapy. Procedures were performed under local anesthesia in all cases. Our results indicate that with present methods, photoradiation therapy is effective in cases of superficial invasion or intramural invasion, but curative effects can hardly be expected in cases growing beyond the normal muscular or cartilaginous layer.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6235106 TI - Children of deviant birthweight at the age of seven years: health, handicap, size and developmental status. AB - 138 small-for-dates (SFD), 138 average-for-dates (AFD) and 136 large-for-dates (LFD) children who had been followed up from birth were examined at the age of 7 years. Nine children had major congenital abnormalities (SFD 5, AFD 2, LFD 2). In addition gross and/or fine motor incoordination was noted in 25 children (SFD 9, AFD 10, LFD 6). There were no differences between the groups in the incidence of chronic or specific ill-health, hearing, sight and speech defects. Highly significant differences were found between the groups for weight, height, head circumference and triceps skinfold thickness; and significant differences were also found between the total developmental scores in the three groups. In every case SFD children had the lowest and LFD children the highest mean values. Within each group analyses were made of 22 parental, pregnancy, perinatal and postnatal factors which might affect growth or development. The net effects of those factors for which significant differences had been found were then assessed, adjustment being made for confounding between variables. In all three groups the children's genetic potential for size was strongly evident by this age, and boys had larger heads than girls. All three groups showed the powerful influence of social class on intellectual ability; and sex on gross and fine-motor function. The other main contributor to developmental differences in the AFD group was gestational age. In the SFD group maternal hypertension was associated with slightly decreased intellectual ability, and in all areas first-born SFD children performed better than subsequent born. Among LFD children instrumental delivery had an adverse effect on all areas of ability, and first-born children had higher intellectual scores. When all the children were considered together and birthweight included as an additional variable the differences in developmental scores between the groups were much reduced. In the SFD and LFD groups some significant correlations were found between size and developmental scores; but none were found among AFD children. PMID- 6235108 TI - Insulin and epidermal growth factor stimulate glycolysis in quiescent 3T3 fibroblasts with no changes in key glycolytic enzyme activities. AB - In order to study the effect of insulin and epidermal growth factor (EGF) on glycolysis in quiescent 3T3 fibroblasts and their mechanisms of action, lactic acid produced by cells and activities of key glycolytic enzymes in cell extracts were determined. Insulin increased lactic acid production; the maximal stimulation occurred at the concentrations above 250 ng/ml and the half-maximal dose was 50 ng/ml. This effect of insulin appeared as early as one hour, and lactic acid production in the presence of insulin linearly increased up to 4 h. The 24-h pretreatment with insulin exhibited no significant effect on the production by cells afterward incubated either with or without insulin. Lactic acid production decreased as the concentration of phloridzin increased. However, insulin stimulation of the production still remained in the presence of phloridzin. Parahydroxymercuribenzoate reduced production only by the equivalent of the increase due to insulin. EGF also increased lactic acid production; this effect occurred at 1 ng/ml and was maximal at 100 ng/ml. The activities of hexokinase, phosphofructokinase and pyruvate kinase in quiescent cells were not increased by insulin, and the affinities for substrates of these enzymes remained unaltered. These findings suggest that glucose uptake is a rate-limiting step in glycolysis in quiescent 3T3 fibroblasts and that the stimulatory effect of insulin on glycolysis is mediated by enhanced glucose entry. PMID- 6235107 TI - The effect of experimentally induced diabetes on the metabolism of glucose by seminiferous tubules and epididymal spermatozoa from the rat. AB - The concentration of glucose in the plasma of alloxan-diabetic rats was 23.4 +/- 0.86 mM (mean +/- SEM; n = 18), and the concentration of insulin was 11.4 +/- 1.67 microU/ml (mean +/- SEM; n = 17). The weights of the ventral prostate (0.45 +/- 0.03 vs. 0.72 +/- 0.04 g) and seminal vesicles (1.23 +/- 0.06 vs. 1.84 +/- 0.08 g) were decreased compared to control values and the rats lost body weight, but the weights of the testes were not significantly different from control values (3.14 +/- 0.08 vs. 3.23 +/- 0.14 g/pair). Similar changes were seen in streptozotocin-diabetic rats. The concentration of fructose (micromoles per g fresh wt) was greater in the coagulating gland of alloxan-diabetic (19.6 +/- 1.3; n = 17) than control rats (9.1 +/- 0.7; n = 18). The production of 14CO2 from D [U-14C]glucose by spermatozoa or seminiferous tubules from diabetic rats was decreased compared to that in controls [28 +/- 3 vs. 53 +/- 6 nmol glucose converted/10(8) spermatozoa X 30 min (n = 8) and 0.81 +/- 0.03 vs. 1.08 +/- 0.03 mumol glucose converted/g fresh wt X 30 min (n = 7)]. There was no change in the production of lactate or 3HOH from D-[2-3H] glucose, and the presence of insulin (10 mU/ml) in the incubation had little effect. Rat epididymal spermatozoa took up 2-deoxy-D-glucose by a facilitated diffusion mechanism; the Km was about 0.2 mM, with a maximum velocity of about 0.10 nmol/10(6) spermatozoa X 10 sec. Neither alloxan-diabetes nor the presence of insulin (10 mU/ml) had an appreciable effect on these parameters. PMID- 6235105 TI - Isotretinoin. A review of its pharmacological properties and therapeutic efficacy in acne and other skin disorders. AB - Isotretinoin is a new orally active retinoic acid derivative for the treatment of severe refractory nodulocystic acne. The pharmacological profile of isotretinoin suggests that it acts primarily by reducing sebaceous gland size and sebum production, and as a result alters skin surface lipid composition. Bacterial skin microflora is reduced, probably as a result of altered sebaceous factors. Isotretinoin 1 to 2 mg/kg/day for 3 to 4 months produces 60 to 95% clearance of inflammatory lesions in patients with severe, recalcitrant nodulocystic acne, with evidence of continued healing and prolonged remissions in many patients after treatment withdrawal. Doses as low as 0.1 mg/kg/day have also proven successful in the clearance of lesions; however, with such low doses the duration of remission after discontinuation of therapy is usually shorter. Encouraging results have also been seen in small numbers of patients with rosacea, Gram negative folliculitis, Darier's disease, ichthyosis and pityriasis rubra pilaris, the response in keratinising disorders resembling that with the related drug etretinate. While long term follow-up studies in these patients have not been reported, prolonged remission after withdrawal of isotretinoin in disorders of keratinisation is unlikely, as with other drugs used in these conditions. Isotretinoin is only partially effective in psoriasis, in contrast to etretinate which is very effective in psoriasis but ineffective in severe acne. Some encouraging results have also been reported with isotretinoin in patients with squamous and basal cell carcinomas, but isotretinoin has proven unsuccessful in non-squamous cell epithelial and non-epithelial cancer. Side effects affecting the mucocutaneous system occur in nearly all patients receiving isotretinoin, but rarely lead to drug withdrawal. Raised serum triglyceride levels are also commonly reported. The possibility of long term spinal or skeletal bone toxicity may restrict the use of isotretinoin in severe disorders of keratinisation requiring prolonged administration. Isotretinoin is strictly contraindicated in women of childbearing potential due to its severe teratogenic properties, unless an effective form of contraception is used. Thus, isotretinoin offers an effective advance on the treatment options available in a difficult therapeutic area - those patients with severe, nodulocystic acne not responding to 'traditional' therapy. PMID- 6235109 TI - Synchronization of bacteriophage Mu DNA replicative transposition: analysis of the first round after induction. AB - The lytic cycle of bacteriophage Mu includes a large number of coupled DNA replication and integration events, each of which is equivalent in several respects to the process of transposition of genetic elements. To aid us in studying the process of Mu DNA replicative transposition, we developed a technique for synchronizing the first round of replication following induction of a lysogen. Synchronization was achieved by inducing a lysogen in the absence of DNA replication for a time sufficient to develop the potential for Mu DNA replication in all cells in the population; upon release of the inhibition of replication, a synchronized round of Mu DNA replication was observed. Development of the potential for Mu DNA replication in the entire population took approximately 12 min. Protein synthesis was required for development of the potential, but the requirement for protein synthesis was satisfied by approximately 9 min suggesting that other, as yet unspecified, reactions occupied the last 3 min. Replication proceeded predominantly from the left end of the prophage, though a significant amount of initiation from the right end was observed. The usefulness of the technique for studying the mechanism of replicative transposition and the end products of a single round of replication are discussed. PMID- 6235110 TI - A 45-kDa human T-cell membrane glycoprotein functions in the regulation of cell proliferative responses. AB - A 45-kDa human T cell surface glycoprotein which is tightly bound in the membrane of the resting T cell is released into the cell medium in soluble form after cell growth activation by phytohemagglutinin or neuraminidase/galactose oxidase treatments. In limited proteolysis by Staphylococcus aureus V8 protease, two major 35-kDa and 27-kDa peptide fragments of the surface-iodinated 45-kDa protein are common to the membrane-bound and the released forms, but a third 18-kDa fragment is observed exclusively with the released protein. The apparent molecular masses of the deglycosylated peptide backbones of the membrane-bound and the released molecule are 30 +/- 1 kDa, although a small size difference cannot be excluded. A polyclonal rabbit anti-(T cell membrane protein) antiserum precipitates the 45-kDa protein. A monoclonal anti-(45-kDa protein) antibody precipitates the membrane-bound 45-kDa protein solubilized with octyl glucoside, but does not precipitate the released protein. In cell culture assays, the monoclonal anti-(45-kDa protein) antibody specifically enhances the cell proliferative responses in phytohemagglutinin-treated and mixed lymphocyte cultures. These observations suggest that the 45-kDa protein has a specific receptor function in the regulation of cell proliferative responses. PMID- 6235111 TI - Purification by affinity chromatography of glucosidase I, an endoplasmic reticulum hydrolase involved in the processing of asparagine-linked oligosaccharides. AB - Trimming glucosidase I and II have been solubilized from crude calf liver microsomes and partially enriched by a fractionated extraction procedure applying different concentrations of nonionic detergent and salt. The pH optimum of both enzymes was found to be close to 6.2, which discriminates them from hydrolases of lysosomal origin acting on p-nitrophenyl glycosides with the highest rate at more acidic pH. Glucosidase I and II and the nonspecific alpha-glucosidase(s) were inhibited by 1-deoxynojirimycin with median inhibitory concentration of 3 microM, 20 microM, 12 microM, respectively. Discrimination between these enzymes was strongly enhanced by N-alkylation of 1-deoxynojirimycin and formed the basis for the design of the affinity ligand. Glucosidase I has been purified to homogeneity by affinity chromatography on AH-Sepharose 4B with N-carboxypentyl-1 deoxynojirimycin as ligand. Sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis of the purified enzyme revealed a subunit molecular mass of about 85 kDa. The molecular mass of the native enzyme, determined by gel chromatography, was approximately equal to 320-350 kDa, pointing to the association of subunits to a tetramer. Glucosidase I is rather stable when stored at 4 degrees C in the presence of detergent (t 1/2 approximately equal to 20 days) and showed high specificity for the hydrolysis of the terminal (alpha 1,2)-linked glucose residue in the natural substrate Glc3-Man9-(GlcNAc)2. PMID- 6235112 TI - The nature of the reaction of an essential tyrosine residue of bovine heart mitochondrial ATPase with 4-chloro-7-nitrobenzofurazan and related compounds. AB - Bovine heart mitochondrial ATPase is inhibited after covalent modification with 4 chloro-7-nitrobenzofuroxan. The kinetics of the reaction are indistinguishable from those for the reaction of an essential tyrosine residue of the ATPase with 4 chloro-7-nitrobenzofurazan that have been described previously [Ferguson et al. (1975) Eur. J. Biochem. 54, 117-126]. 4-Fluoro-7-nitrobenzofurazan inhibits the ATPase with a pseudo-first-order rate constant that is tenfold greater than that for 4-chloro-7-nitrobenzofurazan. These data indicate that the rate-limiting step for reaction of the enzyme with these reagents is formation of a Meisenheimer complex at the C-4 position and that the modified tyrosine is probably on the surface of the protein. No evidence was found for more complex patterns of reactivity of 4-chloro-7-nitrobenzofurazan and its analogues. Both ammonium 4 chloro-7-sulphobenzofurazan and ammonium 4-fluoro-7-sulphobenzofurazan fail to react with the ATPase. The utility of these reagents as alternatives to the nitro derivatives may be limited owing to their slow reaction rates. After modification on tyrosine by 4-chloro-7-nitrobenzofurazan, the nitrobenzofurazan group can be transferred by an intramolecular process to lysine [Ferguson et al. (1975) Eur. J. Biochem. 54, 127-133]. ATPase with the lysine thus modified is shown to be reactive towards 4-chloro-7-nitrobenzofurazan in a manner indistinguishable from the native enzyme. This indicates that the intramolecular transfer occurs at sufficient distance to avoid steric hindrance to the second reaction, and that the lysine does not participate in a neighbouring group effect to enhance the reactivity of the tyrosine. PMID- 6235113 TI - Diagnosis of deep venous thrombosis with 99mTc plasmin using the gamma camera. AB - The 99mTc-plasmin-uptake test is a screening test for deep vein thrombosis with a reported sensitivity of 91%-100% and a rather low specificity of 33%-51%. In trying to improve the qualities we used gamma camera imaging and compared the results with those of the standard probe techniques and X-ray venography. In 34 patients, 23 thromboses were detected by venography. The probe technique had a sensitivity of only 75% and the gamma camera technique 100%. The specificity of both techniques was about the same (36% and 50%). A diffuse rather than focal accumulation of radioactivity was seen by the gamma camera technique, indicating that the plasmin test is not based on the detection of hot spots. PMID- 6235114 TI - Exhausted platelets in patients with malignant solid tumors without evidence of active consumption coagulopathy. AB - Twenty-four patients with various types of tumors and without evidence of consumption coagulopathy (normal routine coagulation tests) were investigated for intraplatelet ATP, ADP, serotonin, beta-thromboglobulin and platelet factor 4; the percentage of light circulating platelets was also determined. Evidence for an acquired storage pool defect was found in seven patients (29%) without any correlation with the clinical status, the presence of metastases, platelet count or fibrinogen level. These results show that exhausted platelets are commonly encountered in cancerous patients even in the absence of consumption coagulopathy. The precise mechanism of this abnormality remains to be established. PMID- 6235116 TI - Allosuppression: evidence for the involvement of both "noncytotoxic" and cytotoxic T cells. AB - Allogeneic suppressor cells were generated by priming to a minor histocompatibility antigen. C57BL/10 female mice were primed to the male-specific minor transplantation antigen, H-Y. After boosting, anti-male-primed cells could potently suppress the secondary antibody response of male spleen cells in vitro. Anti-male suppressor cells were H-2-restricted, radiation-resistant T cells which could act on either T or B cells in the responding population. Mapping the restriction elements for anti-male suppressor cells revealed two distinct subpopulations of effector cells. The majority subpopulation was restricted to H Y in the context of the H-2Db molecule. These cells were probably cytotoxic T cells as they were inhibited by culture of the suppressor cells in pyrilamide (a histamine receptor antagonist, which prevents the maturation of cytotoxic T cells from their precursors). The second subpopulation of suppressor cells was restricted to H-Y in the context of H-2K or I region-coded molecules. as neither H-2Kb nor H-2Ib molecules can act as restriction elements for anti-male-specific cytotoxic T cells, this subpopulations was almost certainly not composed of conventional cytotoxic cells. Furthermore, these cells were not affected by culture in pyrilamide. Together these two populations act to completely inhibit the anti-trinitrophenyl (TNP) plaque-forming cell response of male spleen cells in vitro. PMID- 6235115 TI - In vivo regulation of the cytolytic T cell response to hapten-altered self: suppressor T cells induced in the regional lymph nodes by exposure to syngeneic spleen cells. AB - During the course of examining the in vivo development of the cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response to hapten-modified self antigens in mice, we have observed that it can be abrogated through prior exposure of the host's regional lymph nodes (LN) to normal syngeneic spleen cells (NSC). Suppression appeared to be antigen nonspecific and was best seen when animals were injected in the footpads with NSC at least 72 h before sensitization for CTL. The ability to prevent the development of the CTL response was restricted primarily to syngeneic splenic T and B cells since syngeneic thymocytes stimulated only partial suppression and syngeneic LN cells, as well as hapten-coupled syngeneic spleen cells, did not at all. Suppression appeared to be a local phenomenon in that the NSC induced transferable suppressor T cells to appear in the popliteal LN draining the footpads but not in spleens. In addition, animals splenectomized prior to injections of NSC showed abrogated CTL responses equivalent to sham splenectomized animals indicating that the spleen does not contribute to the mechanism of suppression. Finally, when only one footpad was injected with NSC, suppression was seen in the draining popliteal node and not in the contralateral node. Taken together, the evidence suggests that the source of the suppression and the suppressor T cells may be attributed to an in vivo syngeneic mixed lymphocyte reaction occurring between responder cells of the draining LN and injected stimulator spleen cells. PMID- 6235117 TI - Low sialic acid-bearing mouse thymocytes do not express helper T cell properties in vitro. AB - Immature, presumably cortical, mouse thymocytes were isolated by removing mature thymocytes by agglutination with the sialic acid-specific lectin, lobster agglutinin 1 (LAg1). These immature cells do not respond to the mitogenic effects of concanavalin A (Con A), even in the presence of interleukin 2. Moreover, they do not exhibit two properties of helper T cells; they do not secrete interleukin 2 when stimulated with Con A, nor do they provide T help for an in vitro immune response by spleen B cells to the T-dependent antigen, sheep erythrocytes. LAg1 negative thymocytes fail to provide T help even though Con A is added to the cultures, regardless of the number of LAg1-negative thymocytes added per culture, and even in the presence of exogenous macrophages. Unseparated thymocytes, LAg1 positive thymocytes and cortisone-resistant thymocytes all provide T cell help under these conditions. These experiments indicate that immature, presumably cortical mouse thymocytes, isolated by virtue of their low levels of surface sialic acid, are inherently unable to provide T cell help in vitro. PMID- 6235118 TI - Suppression of the cytotoxic T cell response to minor alloantigens in vivo. II. Fine specificity of suppressor T cells and lack of restriction by immunoglobulin heavy chain-linked gene products. AB - While it has been widely reported that some subsets of suppressor T cells are restricted by products of immunoglobulin heavy chain genes (particularly the variable region gene), we have been unable to find evidence for such interactions in the suppression of the primary in vivo cytotoxic T cell response to minor alloantigen. We have also examined the repertoire of the suppressor T cells active in this system and find that they recognize a different set of antigens from cytotoxic T cells, out of the same available pool of minor antigens. PMID- 6235119 TI - Effects of selective dopamine D2-receptor agonists on the release of cholecystokinin-like immunoreactivity from rat neostriatum. AB - It was investigated whether or not the release of cholecystokinin-like immunoreactivity from slices of rat caudatoputamen could be modulated via dopamine D2-receptors. The release of immunoreactivity was stimulated by high concentrations of K+ (35 to 55 mM). The effects of two D2-selective dopaminergic agonists, RU 24926 and LY 141865, were tested on the K+-induced release. Both agents enhanced the release of immunoreactivity in a concentration-dependent manner. The effect of RU 24926 was blocked by (-)-sulpiride and domperidone, two selective D2-antagonists. It is concluded that stimulation of dopamine receptors of the D2-subtype enhances the release of cholecystokinin-like immunoreactivity from nerve endings in rat neostriatum. PMID- 6235120 TI - Cardionatrin causes vasodilation in vitro which is not dependent on the presence of endothelial cells. AB - Vasodilation, in vitro, evoked by atrial extracts (cardionatrin) was compared with the relaxation due to acetylcholine and papaverine in rat precontracted aortae with and without endothelium. Ventricular extracts were tested as controls. Atrial extracts and papaverine caused a similar concentration-dependent relaxation of both preparations whereas acetylcholine failed to relax preparations without endothelium. Ventricular extracts were ineffective on both preparations. It is concluded that the response of the preparations to atrial extracts (cardionatrin) is not dependent on the presence of the endothelial cells. Some pathophysiological implications are discussed. PMID- 6235121 TI - SCH-23390: a selective D1 dopamine antagonist with potent D2 behavioral actions. PMID- 6235122 TI - Crown ethers which influence cardiac and respiratory muscle contractility. AB - Guinea-pig tracheal smooth muscle and heart muscle demonstrated a variety of in vitro positive and negative inotropic responses to concentrations of crown ethers in the nmole/1 to mumole/1 range. It is suggested that these ionophoretic compounds have potential as therapeutic agents. PMID- 6235123 TI - Interaction of the HMG1 protein with nucleic acids. AB - Binding constants have been measured for the interaction of the protein HMG1 with native DNA, denatured DNA and a number of polynucleotides at near-physiological ionic strengths, using gel filtration and thermal denaturation. The interaction of HMG1 with DNA is shown to be noncooperative and reversible. Nucleic acids form the following series in order of increasing binding constants: poly(U) integral of poly(A) less than poly(dA) less than dsDNA integral of poly(dA) X poly(dT) integral of poly(dG) X poly(dC) much less than poly[d(A-T]) integral of ssDNA. PMID- 6235124 TI - Chaotic dynamics in yeast glycolysis under periodic substrate input flux. AB - The numerical analysis for a glycolytic model containing the enzymes phosphofructokinase and pyruvate kinase reveals different types of entrainment, as well as chaotic response under sinusoidal substrate input. Entrainment with response periods 1, 2, 3, 5 and 7-times the input flux period and aperiodic behaviour is verified by measurements of NADH fluorescence in extracts of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in the theoretically predicted range. The stroboscopic transfer function obtained from the aperiodic signal admits period 3, implying chaos according to the Li-Yorke theorem. PMID- 6235125 TI - Formation of metal complexes of tumor-localizing porphyrins. AB - Whereas the tumor localizer and photosensitizer hematoporphyrin derivative (Hpd) has its fluorescence emission maximum at 610-630 nm, several authors have reported that in aqueous solutions of hematoporphyrin (Hp) and Hpd, or in tumors after an injection of Hpd, a compound is formed which has its fluorescence emission maximum at 570-590 nm. This work (HPLC and fluorescence analysis) indicates that this peak is due to the formation of Zn-porphyrins either in vitro or in vivo. Cu- and Co-porphyrins may be formed as well, from traces of these metallic ions. In contrast to free porphyrins and Zn-porphyrins the latter complexes are non-fluorescent and do not act as photosensitizers. PMID- 6235126 TI - Environmental pollutant Cd2+ biphasically and differentially regulates myosin light chain kinase and phospholipid/Ca2+-dependent protein kinase. AB - Cd2+ was found to mimic effectively, potentiate and antagonize the stimulatory action of Ca2+ on myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) and phospholipid-sensitive Ca2+-dependent protein kinase (PL-Ca-PK, or protein kinase C). PL-Ca-PK, however, was slightly less sensitive to Cd2+ regulation than was MLCK. Cd2+ also biphasically regulates (i.e., stimulation followed by inhibition) phosphorylation, in the homogenates of the rat caudal artery, of myosin light chain and other endogenous proteins catalyzed by MLCK and PL-Ca-PK. The activation by Cd2+ of MLCK was inhibited by anticalmodulins (e.g., R-24571), whereas the inhibition by a higher Cd2+ concentration of MLCK and PL-Ca-PK was reversed by thiol agents (e.g., cysteine). The present findings may provide one mechanism underlying the vascular toxicity of Cd2+, a major environmental pollutant. PMID- 6235127 TI - Echinocandin inhibition of 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase from Candida albicans. AB - The cyclic peptide antibiotic echinocandin was found to inhibit 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase activity present in a mixed membrane fraction from Candida albicans. Addition of antibiotic reduced the Vmax of the enzyme, but the Km was unaffected. GTP stimulated enzyme activity approximately 4-fold, but did not affect the percentage inhibition of the enzyme by echinocandin. Treatment of the reaction products with alpha-amylase and beta-glucanase confirmed that the polymer synthesised was 1,3-beta-D-glucan, not glycogen. PMID- 6235128 TI - Basement membrane heparan sulfate proteoglycan from the L2 rat yolk sac carcinoma. AB - Heparan sulfate proteoglycan from the L2 rat yolk sac carcinoma has been purified and partially characterized. The proteoglycan has an apparent Mr of 750 000, 35% of which represents the core protein. The core protein seems to be homogeneous, whereas the heparan sulfate chains are heterogeneous with an Mr of about 50 000 70 000, with 30% of the glucosamine being N-sulfated. Antibodies raised against the core protein of the heparan sulfate proteoglycan reacted with basement membranes of various rat and human tissue. PMID- 6235129 TI - The bond in the bacteriophage phi X174 gene A protein--DNA complex is a tyrosyl 5'-phosphate ester. AB - The bacteriophage phi X174 gene A protein cleaves the viral strand of the double stranded replicative form (RF) DNA of the phage at a specific site, the origin. It leaves a free 3'-OH at nucleotide 4305 (G) of the phi X DNA sequence and binds covalently to the DNA. The nature and position of the covalent bond have been determined using the octadecadesoxyribonucleotide CAACTTG[32P]ATATTAATAAC. This octadecamer, which corresponds to nucleotides 4299-4316 of phi X viral DNA, is cleaved by gene A protein. Gene A protein is bound to the labelled phosphate via a tyrosyl residue, indicating that binding occurs to the nucleotide corresponding to 4306 (A) of the phi X viral DNA strand. PMID- 6235130 TI - 12-O-Tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate stimulates inositol lipid phosphorylation in intact human platelets. AB - The phorbol esters are among the most potent tumor promoters. On addition of 12-O tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA) to isolated human platelets prelabelled with [32P]orthophosphate we found a rapid increase in 32P incorporation into phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate and phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate. In view of similar findings with cells infected with the oncogene Rous sarcoma virus, it is suggested that inositol lipid phosphorylation might be a key event in the molecular action of phorbol esters. PMID- 6235131 TI - Ovarian function following a single administration of depo-medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) at different doses. AB - The effects of a single administration of depo-medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) at different doses upon ovarian function was studied in a group of healthy ovulating Mexican women. Single doses of DMPA of 25, 50, 100, and 150 mg were intramuscularly administered. Ovarian function was assessed by the measurement of the serum levels of 17 beta-estradiol and progesterone in blood samples drawn twice weekly for 6 months after DMPA administration. The results disclosed that ovulation was inhibited in all cases for at least 3 months following DMPA administration even at the lowest dose, whereas the return of luteal function exhibited a significant positive correlation with the dose of DMPA administered. As expected, follicular activity preceded that of luteal function in all subjects. A correspondence between serum medroxyprogesterone concentrations and ovarian function was found. The overall data indicated that the currently used contraceptive formulation (150 mg) is well above the effective pharmacologic range, and suggested that the dose can be substantially reduced without losing its anovulatory potency. PMID- 6235132 TI - [The effect of androgen on the maintenance of pregnancy in progesterone-treated ovariectomized rats]. AB - Pregnant rats ovariectomized on day 14 of pregnancy (Sperm present = day 1) were daily treated with 4 mg progesterone (P) plus androgens, and the effects of the androgens on fetal survival and intrauterine pressure were examined on day 20 of pregnancy. In the rats treated with P only, the percentage of live normal fetuses was only 40.4% of the total fetuses, 39.4% were injured fetuses having hematoma on their extremities, and 20.2% were absorbing. Intrauterine pressure was about three times higher than that in the sham-operated controls. Treatment with androgen as well significantly increased the percentage of live normal fetuses and decreased intrauterine pressure, as estrogen did. A significant negative correlation was observed between the percentage of live normal fetuses and intrauterine pressure. Androstenediol (A-diol) was most effective and its daily dose of 2 microM maintained normal pregnancy. A-diol and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHA) were more effective than androstenedione (A-dione) and testosterone (T), suggesting that the effect of the former two androgens is not by conversion to estrogen, but by their direct action on the uterine wall. 5 alpha dihydrotestosterone, a non-aromatizable androgen, also exhibited moderate estrogenic action. PMID- 6235133 TI - Principles of anti-infective therapy. AB - Antimicrobial drugs, along with competent surgical procedures, provide an effective means for restoration of oral health. In dentistry, antibiotics are indicated for either treatment of acute infections or for prophylactic coverage of patients at risk for developing bacterial endocarditis or other infections as the result of bacteremia caused by dental procedures. Whenever possible, a bactericidal agent is preferred because of greater effectiveness and less reliance on host defense mechanisms. For maximal effectiveness of antibiotic therapy of orodental infections, several factors must be evaluated in choosing an antibiotic: (1) antibacterial spectrum and specificity of the agent; (2) degree of bacterial resistance reported for the antibiotic; (3) concentrations achieved at various sites; (4) age, type, and extent of infection; and (5) various host factors. PMID- 6235134 TI - Therapeutic considerations in special patients. AB - Careful attention to patients' histories and their medical problems and consultation with their physicians should provide sound bases for selection of drugs. Antibiotic prophylaxis for patients with cardiovascular disorders is described for American Heart Association standards, but for other indications sound judgment based on the principles of antibiotic prophylaxis must be the rule. Patients with end-stage renal disease and severe liver impairment may be at risk with certain drugs. The most critical time for consideration of use of drugs during pregnancy is the first trimester. However, careful selection of drugs for use during the balance of the term can reduce the risk of harm to the mother and fetus. PMID- 6235135 TI - Oral manifestations of drug reactions. AB - The clinical manifestations of oral reactions to the more commonly prescribed drugs have been presented. These reactions include the following conditions: stomatitis, ulceration and necrosis, opportunistic infections, hemorrhage, gingival hyperplasia, pigmentation, altered salivary function, and altered taste sensation. A patient who complains of any of these signs and symptoms should be thoroughly questioned regarding medication. If an offending drug can be identified, its alteration or elimination, in consultation with the prescribing clinician, will often result in resolution of the clinical problem. PMID- 6235137 TI - Psoriasis and hereditary palmoplantar keratoderma complicated with a dermatophyte infection. Case report. AB - In a 29-year-old woman suffering from hereditary palmoplantar keratoderma of the Unna Thost variety, psoriasis appeared at an age of 28 years. The keratoderma on the soles was complicated with a dermatophyte infection, which made the differential diagnosis towards psoriasis difficult. Histopathologic examination of punch biopsy from the soles showed no conclusive signs of psoriasis. An increased thickness of the horny layer, which in PAS staining showed fungus hyphae, was found. PMID- 6235136 TI - Unusual cases of Meleda keratoderma treated with aromatic retinoid etretinate. AB - We studied a brother and sister of South Italian origin with palmoplantar keratoderma which, because of the clinical aspects (transgrediens et progrediens), mode of inheritance (autosomal recessive) and evolution, we diagnosed as Meleda keratoderma with particular clinical features (presence of ainhum-like narrowings and concomitant lesions at other sites). Appropriate classical histologic and familial investigations, as well as HLA typing were done, and retinol-binding protein values were determined. The patients were treated with the aromatic retinoid etretinate, and the clinical and histological results after 9 months' treatment are reported. PMID- 6235138 TI - Disseminate palmoplantar keratodermia with truncal lesions. AB - A 20-year-old woman with clinical features of punctate palmoplantar keratodermia is presented. Specimens from the trunk, hands and feet showed similar histologic features. The nosology of disseminate palmoplantar keratodermia is discussed and its features delineated as an extension of punctate palmoplantar keratodermia. To our knowledge, truncal lesions have not been previously reported in disseminate palmoplantar keratodermia. PMID- 6235139 TI - A combined treatment in prevention of postgonococcal urethritis. AB - The authors report a study carried out on 82 patients affected with gonococcal urethritis, in order to investigate the activity of minocyclin in the prevention of postgonococcal urethritis. PMID- 6235140 TI - Tamoxifen and medroxyprogesterone therapy for advanced endometrial carcinoma. AB - We have studied the response rates and survival of a group of 93 patients with Stage III or IV endometrial adenocarcinoma after random allocation to therapy with tamoxifen (TAM) 20 mg twice daily (n = 45) or medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) 1 g/wk intramuscularly (n = 48). The patients were examined every 4 months. In the non-responders and in those who relapsed, combination therapy with TAM and MPA was given. Twenty-four of 45 (53.4%) responded to TAM alone, 27 of 48 (56.2%) responded to MPA alone. Of the responders 23 later relapsed in the TAM group and 24 in the MPA group and of these 14 (60.8%) and 15 (62.5%), respectively, responded to the combination therapy. Of the original 21 non-responders to MPA alone, 10 responded to the combination (47.6%) and 11 (52.4%) did not; the comparable figures for the TAM alone group were 13 (61.9%) and 8 (38.1%), respectively. Survival rates were much higher in the differentiated than in the undifferentiated carcinomas. In conclusion, we feel that the efficacy, and the few side-effects of these drugs used alone and particularly when used in sequential combination, make them a very attractive treatment for advanced endometrial adenocarcinoma. PMID- 6235141 TI - Immunologic studies on the induction of diabetes in experimental animals. Cellular basis for the induction of diabetes by streptozotocin. AB - Repeated low doses of streptozotocin (STZ, 40 mg/kg body wt) gradually induce hyperglycemia in mice after a latent period of 5-7 days. The ability of STZ to induce hyperglycemia varies in different mouse strains. Repeated low doses of STZ fail to induce diabetes in T-cell-deficient mice, suggesting a crucial role of T cells in the induction of diabetes by this procedure. Transfer of spleen cells from mice rendered diabetic by repeated low doses of STZ failed to induce hyperglycemia in the recipients. However, pretreating the recipients with a single low dose of STZ permitted efficient transfer of the diabetic state, suggesting that the immunologic reaction resulting in diabetes was actually specific for an STZ-modified beta cell. PMID- 6235142 TI - Potentiation of teratogenesis. AB - Teratology studies were conducted with rats on Days 10 or 12 of gestation using combinations of a variety of agents including inhibitors of DNA, RNA, protein, and purine synthesis. With the exception of administration of pairs of DNA inhibitors, most combinations showed potentiation of embryolethality and teratogenesis as compared to that seen with the use of the individual agents. In conjunction with earlier studies with caffeine, acetazolamide, and other agents, it is seen that combinations of a wide variety of agents can interact to potentiate embryolethality and teratogenesis. PMID- 6235143 TI - Generation of human cytotoxic T lymphocytes against fresh autologous and allogeneic solid tumors by mixed lymphocyte tumor cell culture with T cell growth factor. AB - Autologous mixed lymphocyte tumor cell culture (MLTC) induced cytotoxic lymphocytes against autologous tumor cells in 4 out of 14 donors (29%). Further cultivation of MLTC-activated lymphocytes with T cell growth factor (TCGF) resulted not only in the propagation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) and an increase of cytotoxicity against autologous tumors, but also in the induction of killer cells against allogeneic tumor cells. Briefly, the results of crisscross tests using fresh tumor cells from 17 donors and lymphocytes from 10 donors indicate that cultivation of MLTC-activated lymphocytes with TCGF generated killer cells against allogeneic tumor cells in most cases, but not against autologous or allogeneic phytohemagglutinin-induced lymphoblasts. These effector cells were mainly OKT3+, OKT8+, OKM1- and Leu7-. Further, the results of cold target inhibition tests undertaken in an autologous tumor killing system suggest that at least 2 different subsets, specifically cytotoxic for autologous tumors and cytotoxic for both autologous and allogeneic tumors, were developed in the CTL induced by autologous MLTC followed by cultivation with TCGF. PMID- 6235144 TI - [Performance of laparoscopic follicle puncture and oocyte recovery for in-vitro fertilization]. AB - In-vitro fertilisation of human egg cells and subsequent embryonal transfer offers a possibility to sterile women with oviducts incapable of functioning, to become pregnant after all. This article describes the performance of laparoscopic follicular puncture and extraction of egg cells for in-vitro fertilisation. Laparoscopic follicle puncture as described here was performed from July 1982 to March 1983 on 130 patients at the Gynaecological and Obstetric Hospital in Lubeck. 585 follicles were punctured and 404 egg cells obtained, 210 of which met the criteria of a pre-ovulatory egg cell. Of the 210 pre-ovulatory egg cells, 177 could be fertilised. In 95 patients, embryo transfer was effected in the 2-cell to 8-cell stage. The fertilisation rate obtained was 84%, with an embryo transfer rate of 71%. Since this patient group also included andrological causes of sterility, this figure can be considered quite satisfactory, which is decisively due, among other things, to the puncture technique described here. Pregnancy was attained in 14 cases so far. It is certain that the pregnancy rate can be improved still further. PMID- 6235145 TI - Prolactin and luteinizing hormone levels of prelaying, laying and postlaying turkey hens following central administration of serotonin and peripheral administration of quipazine maleate. AB - The influence of serotonin (5-HT) on plasma prolactin and LH levels in female turkeys was studied by systemic injection of quipazine maleate, at 5-HT agonist, or by cerebroventricular injection of 5-HT itself. Within 30 min after injection, quipazine maleate (20 mg administered i.p.) elicited a significant increase in plasma prolactin in hens approaching sexual maturity as well as in laying hens. A 5-mg dose. had no effect on prolactin levels of either prelaying or laying hens. Intraventricular injection of 5 and 25 micrograms of 5-HT caused an increase in plasma prolactin of prelaying hens. A 5-micrograms dose of 5-HT was also effective in increasing prolactin levels in laying hens and in hens that had stopped laying due to ventricular cannula implantation. Neither quipazine maleate nor intraventricularly injected 5-HT had an effect on LH levels in any experiment. PMID- 6235146 TI - Mating call phonotaxis in the female American toad: induction by hormones. AB - Gravid, female American toads are known to move toward conspecific mating calls. This behavior, as well as ovulation, often can be induced by the injection of human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG). It was found that HCG-induced phonotaxis could be terminated by the injection of indomethacin (an inhibitor of prostaglandin synthesis) and then reinstated by the injection of prostaglandin F2 alpha. A drug regimen was devised that allowed elicitation of phonotaxis, indistinguishable from that induced by HCG and in the absence of ovulation. This involved the administration of prostaglandin F2 alpha and arginine vasotocin (or mesotocin) following progesterone priming. It has not been determined whether the peptide is really essential. PMID- 6235147 TI - [Mutagenic action of alkylating agents on prophage lambda]. AB - The lethal and mutagenic effects of 7 alkylating agents: N-nitroso-N-methylurea (NMU), N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG), methyl methanesulfonate (MMS), ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS), nitrogen mustard (HN2), mitomycin C (MC), bifunctional acridine mustard (AM)--and of cyanate (KNCO) on heat inducible lambda cI857 prophage were studied. After treatment of lysogenic cells with mutagens, prophage was heat-induced either immediately or after 90 min incubation in nutrient broth and c mutants forming clear plaques at 32 degrees C were scored. NMU (0.02 M) when immediately induced with heat, induces c mutants very efficiently (maximal yield 10%) not only in the wild-type cells but also in repair-deficient mutants recA13, lexA102, uvrA6 umuC36, recF143, xthA9, polA1, uvrD3 and uvrD502. These data show that NMU-induced mutations are fixed as replication errors due to mispairing modified bases. After delayed heat induction, the prophage survival enhances and the frequency of c mutations declines considerably in host cells of all repair genotypes tested. Carbamoylation is not involved in the mutagenic action of NMU, because KNCO (0.02 M) has a very slight lethal effect and does not induce mutations. MNNG (100 micrograms/ml) and EMS (0.1 M) also induce mutations by replicative mechanism, because maximal yield of c mutations does not depend on RecA+ and is about 15 and 2%, respectively. MMS is a mutagen of the repair type, since its mutagenic action is suppressed by recA mutation of the host. NH2 only inactivates prophage, but does not induce mutations. MC (50 micrograms/ml) and AM (150 micrograms/ml) induce mutations rather inefficiently (the maximal yield 0.1 and 0.3%, respectively) both in recA+ and recA- hosts. The mutagenic action of these agents is probably due to intercalation. PMID- 6235148 TI - Transfer and expression of recombinant plasmids carrying pneumococcal mal genes in Bacillus subtilis. AB - The pneumococcal mal recombinant plasmid pLS70, which carries two strong promoters for transcription, could not be transferred and maintained intact in Bacillus subtilis. Although it could be established at low frequency, pLS70 was unstable and was rapidly replaced by deleted forms of the plasmid. A deleted derivative plasmid, pLS69, could be transferred at high frequency and maintained intact. In pLS69 the deletion reduces function of both the malM (amylomaltase) and malX (X-fragment) promoters. This mutant mal plasmid still codes for an intact amylomaltase, and the enzyme is produced in both S. pneumoniae and B. subtilis. The amylomaltase, which is inducible by maltose in S. pneumoniae, is synthesized constitutively in B. subtilis and is localized in the cytosol. Although pLS69 enables S. pneumoniae to grow with maltose, the plasmid did not enhance the ability of B. subtilis to use this sugar, presumably because the latter does not transport free maltose into the cell. Minicells of B. subtilis containing pLS69 synthesized the amylomaltase polypeptide but no X-fragment. In S. pneumoniae carrying pLS69, production of the X-fragment is also reduced more than the amylomaltase, when compared to cells carrying pLS70, which produce equal amounts of the two proteins. Inasmuch as the down promoter mutation leaves unchanged both structural genes, their ribosome-binding sites and -10 and -35 promoter sequences, the unequal effect is attributed to differential reduction in AT composition proximal to the promoters. Vector proteins were revealed in minicells as several bands, all located in the cytosol except for an Mr 35000 polypeptide located in the membrane. PMID- 6235149 TI - Nucleotide sequence of gene pfkB encoding the minor phosphofructokinase of Escherichia coli K-12. AB - The nucleotide sequence of a 1.3-kb DNA fragment containing the entire pfkB gene which codes for Pfk-2 of Escherichia coli, a minor phosphofructokinase (Pfk) enzyme, is reported. The Pfk-2 protein subunit is encoded by 924 bp, has 308 amino acids and an Mr of 33 000. Like other weakly expressed E. coli genes the codon usage in the pfkB gene is random; there is no strong bias for the usage of major tRNA isoaccepting species, and the codon preference rules of Grosjean and Fiers [Gene, 18 (1982) 199-209] are followed. This is the first report of the complete gene sequence of a phosphofructokinase. PMID- 6235150 TI - Transcription terminator involved in the expression of the int gene of phage lambda. AB - The phage lambda int gene is transcribed from two different promoters, pI and pL. Transcription from pI results in efficient synthesis of Int protein whereas transcription originating from pL results in poor int expression. The differential expression of Int from these two transcripts is dependent upon a site (sib) located distal to the int gene [Guarneros and Galindo, Virology 95 (1979) 119-126; Guarneros et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 79 (1982) 238-242]. We have examined pI-promoted transcription in the region beyond the int coding sequence. The int mRNA extends to a site designated tI, which is located 277 nucleotides beyond int. Characterization of transcription at tI indicates that tI terminates with 75% efficiency in vitro, and that its efficiency is over 95% in vivo. The region between int and tI contains the regulatory signals needed for phage lamba integration and appears to be untranslated. The termination site overlaps with the sib control region that reduces Int synthesis from pL transcripts. PMID- 6235152 TI - What is aging? Highlights of a 25-year study. PMID- 6235151 TI - Unidirectional digestion with exonuclease III creates targeted breakpoints for DNA sequencing. AB - A method is described for the rapid generation and cloning of deletion derivatives well-suited for the sequencing of long stretches of DNA. This method is based on two useful features of exonuclease III: (1) processive digestion at a very uniform rate and (2) failure to initiate digestion at DNA ends with four base 3'-protrusions. The method was applied to a 4570-bp Drosophila genomic DNA fragment cloned in the single-stranded phage vector M 13mp18. An ordered set of deletion clones was made by first cutting replicative form(RF) DNA with two restriction enzymes in the polylinker region of the vector between the Drosophila DNA and the sequencing primer binding site. One enzyme left a four-base 3' protrusion that protected the remainder of the vector from exonuclease III attack, allowing unidirectional digestion of the insert sequence from the 5' protruding end left by the other enzyme. Aliquots were removed at uniform intervals, treated with S1 nuclease, Klenow DNA polymerase, T4 DNA ligase, and then used to transfect competent cells. Most of the resulting clones derived from each aliquot were deleted to a predicted extent with only slight scatter, even for deletions of more than 4 kb. The method permits efficient isolation of clusters of deletion breakpoints within small preselected regions of large DNA segments, allowing nonrandom sequence analysis. PMID- 6235153 TI - [60th anniversary of the Department of Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Diseases]. PMID- 6235154 TI - [General and occupational pathology in workers in copper smelting works]. PMID- 6235155 TI - [Allergic effect of emulsion flushing fluids used in geologic exploration drilling]. PMID- 6235156 TI - [Comparative evaluation of the effect of mercuric chloride, mercuric iodide and mercury amide chloride on subcellular structures]. PMID- 6235157 TI - [Lipid metabolism indices in ostensibly healthy workers in the phosphorus industry]. PMID- 6235158 TI - Changes in apolipoprotein AI after treatment with high-dose medroxyprogesterone acetate. AB - 21 women (mean age 60 years, range 48-72) were given depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA), 1,000 mg/week parenterally for 6 months, as part of the treatment for endometrial carcinoma in either clinical stage I or II. Before treatment and after 1, 3 and 6 months of treatment serum apolipoprotein AI was analyzed by electroimmunoassay. There was a significant decrease in apolipoprotein AI after the administration of DMPA, compared to the value before treatment. A low level of apolipoprotein AI is considered a risk factor for the development of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. Such a risk might therefore be anticipated if the period of treatment was extended to several years. PMID- 6235159 TI - [The musculocutaneous flap in body cavity repair following extensive tumor resection]. AB - The myocutaneous island flap has proved useful for repair of defects of the neck, chest and abdominal wall following resection of tumours. Advantages are: The physical properties of the flap give good mechanical reconstruction. Rapid healing means that post-operative radiation can be given without delay and the appearance is good. Even in cases when radical tumour resection is not possible limited tumour resection and cover with a myocutaneous flap gives good palliation. PMID- 6235160 TI - [Effect of KC-404 on allergic reactions types I-IV]. AB - The effects of 3-isobutyryl-2-isopropylpyrazolo [1,5-a] pyridine (KC-404), a new anti-allergic agent, on type I to IV allergic reactions were investigated. KC-404 administered orally inhibited heterologous and homologous passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) reactions in guinea pigs and homologous PCA in rats; the minimum effective doses were 50, 12.5 and 3 mg/kg, respectively. However, the inhibition of PCAs by KC-404 was incomplete so that only 50 to 60% inhibitions were obtainable even at the highest doses used. KC-404 had no effect on increased vascular permeability by chemical mediators other than SRS-A and hardly affected antigen-induced degranulation of the sensitized mesenteric mast cells in vitro. These results suggest that KC-404 exerts its effect conceivably through inhibition of the SRS-A-mediated component of PCA. KC-404 had no effect on type II allergic reaction as estimated by its failure to inhibit reversed cutaneous anaphylaxis in rats and the Forssman systemic reaction in guinea pigs. Also, no influence on complement activity was observed in vitro and in vivo. KC-404 (100 approximately 200 mg/kg, p.o.) produced a marked inhibition of passive and active Arthus reactions in guinea pigs and rabbits, respectively. The tuberculin reaction in guinea pigs was not affected by KC-404. These results suggest that KC 404 inhibits PCAs mediated by IgE as well as IgG antibodies probably through a unique mechanism of action. KC-404 was shown to be effective also on type III allergic reaction. PMID- 6235162 TI - [Mongolism following omitted amniocentesis]. PMID- 6235161 TI - Effects of some mycotoxins on mitogen-induced blastogenesis and SCE frequency in human lymphocytes. AB - The effects of T-2 toxin, diacetoxyscirpenol, ochratoxin A and zearalenone on DNA synthesis in phytohaemagglutinin-stimulated human peripheral blood lymphocytes were studied by assaying the incorporation of [3H]thymidine. Total inhibition was obtained with 8 ng T-2 toxin/ml, 8 ng diacetoxyscirpenol/ml or 30 micrograms zearalenone/ml, and with 20 micrograms ochratoxin A/ml inhibition was almost complete; 50% inhibition was produced by 1.5 ng T-2 toxin/ml, 2.7 ng diacetoxyscirpenol/ml, 14 micrograms zearalenone/ml or 14 micrograms ochratoxin A/ml. The toxicity of the trichothecenes to the lymphocytes was slightly reduced when rat liver cells were present whereas the toxicity of ochratoxin A and zearalenone was unaltered. Low concentrations of trichothecenes did not produce any inhibition of DNA synthesis when the cultures were washed and placed in fresh media containing only phytohaemagglutinin 4 hr after the addition of the test compounds. Sister chromatid exchange frequency was not elevated by T-2 toxin, diacetoxyscirpenol or ochratoxin A. Zearalenone had a weak enhancing effect on the frequency of sister chromatid exchanges. PMID- 6235163 TI - Hepatitis B vaccination in Down's syndrome and other mentally retarded patients. AB - The immune response after vaccination with H-B-VAX (20 micrograms, Months 0, 1 and 6) was investigated in 23 Down's syndrome patients and compared to that in 30 other mentally retarded patients and 32 staff members. About 90% of Down's syndrome and other mentally retarded patients and 100% of staff members had anti HBs at Month 9, but anti-HBs less than 10 IU per liter were found in 6/23 (26.1%) of Down's syndrome, 7/30 (23.3%) of other mentally retarded patients, in contrast to 2/32 (6.2%) of staff members. No differences in anti-HBs response with regard to sex and age were observed in staff members, but geometric mean titers of anti HBs were lower in older Down's syndrome and other mentally retarded patients, and in male Down's syndrome patients. Supplementary vaccination is necessary in these individuals to obtain "protective levels" of anti-HBs. PMID- 6235164 TI - Monoclonal antibodies and lymphoid leukaemias. PMID- 6235165 TI - Malignant "triton" tumors: a clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical study of nine cases. AB - Nine cases of malignant "triton" tumors, based on the coexistence of rhabdomyoblasts and Schwann cell elements, were analyzed clinicopathologically and immunocytochemically. All tumors were stained for myoglobin and S-100 protein by the immunoperoxidase technique. Six of the nine patients were in the third or fourth decade of life. Six cases were associated with von Recklinghausen's disease, and the tumors in two cases grew along nerve trunks. The malignant tumors showed a predilection for the thigh and buttock. Six of the seven deaths occurred within two years of the initial treatments. Strongly positive staining for S-100 protein was observed in three tumors, with transitional zones between the sarcomas and peripheral neurofibroma-like areas, as well as in two tumors composed predominantly of rhabdomyoblastic elements. In four other cases the tumors were only weakly positive for protein S-100. Intracytoplasmic myoglobin was present in all cases. Tumors composed predominantly of rhabdomyosarcomatous elements occurred in four patients, including two children with von Recklinghausen's disease. These results, considered with other findings, suggest that malignant "triton" tumors may not be as rare as previously believed. PMID- 6235166 TI - Distribution of T-cell phenotypic subsets and surface immunoglobulin-bearing lymphocytes in lymph nodes from male homosexuals with persistent generalized adenopathy: an immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study. AB - Lymph nodes from homosexual men with persistent generalized adenopathy were evaluated for distribution of T-cell phenotypic subsets and surface immunoglobulin(SIg)-bearing lymphocytes. Electron microscopy revealed tubulovesicular structures within lymphocytes but no multivesicular rosettes. Eight to 33 per cent of the lymphocytes within germinal centers were suppressor T cells, compared with germinal centers from control lymph nodes, in which these cells were rare (P = 0.002). Significantly greater percentage of suppressor/cytotoxic T lymphocytes were also present in the paracortex and follicular mantles of lymph nodes from the homosexual group (P = 0.002 and 0.007, respectively). Percentages of helper T lymphocytes were significantly decreased in germinal centers (P = 0.008) and paracortical regions (P = 0.002). Florid follicular hyperplasia with aberrations in follicular architecture was the most common histologic pattern, but one node with diffuse hyperplasia and subtotal effacement of architecture revealed depletion of SIg-bearing lymphocytes and increased numbers of suppressor T cells. Reversed helper-to-suppressor T-cell ratios in lymph nodes from homosexuals with generalized adenopathy may be related to viral infection and contribute to immune deficiency in this group. PMID- 6235167 TI - Prevalence of primary adult lactose malabsorption in three populations of northern China. AB - Lactose absorption capacity was examined in 641 apparently healthy adolescents and adults (447 males and 194 females with an average age of 22.9 years and an age range of 16-46 years) using a field version of the lactose tolerance test with breath hydrogen determination. In the total sample, 89 lactose absorbers and 552 lactose malabsorbers were identified. Lactose malabsorption was most frequent in a subgroup of Han (Chinese) from northeastern China (229 of 248 subjects, 92.3%). Among 198 Mongols from Inner Mongolia, there were 174 lactose malabsorbers (87.9%). The frequency of lactose malabsorption was lowest in a group of Kazakhs, traditional herders from the northwestern region of Xinjiang (149 of 195 subjects, 76.4%). Reported symptoms of lactose intolerance were significantly more frequent in lactose malabsorbers. The findings in northern Han are similar to the reported lactose malabsorption frequency in southern (mainly overseas) Chinese, and correspond with the absence of animal milk from traditional Chinese diets. The relatively low prevalence of lactose malabsorption among the Kazakhs suggests that lactose persistence may be frequent in herding pastoralist populations of southwest Asia. PMID- 6235169 TI - The application of pattern recognition techniques to the contingent negative variation for the differentiation of subject categories. PMID- 6235168 TI - Fragile (X) expression: relationship to the cell cycle. AB - The fragile (X) chromosome demonstrable in individuals with one type of X-linked mental retardation is seldom, if ever, seen in more than 50% of cells of affected individuals. We have devised a model to explain this apparent 50% maximum, one essential feature of which is that the fragile (X) will not be seen in cells in their first division in thymidine-depleted media. The validity of our model was tested on lymphoblastoid cell lines from affected males by treating the cells with fluorodeoxyuridine (FUdR) to induce the marker and/or bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) to determine the cell cycle. We have evidence that the fragile (X) is present in cells in the first and subsequent cell divisions in thymidine-depleted media. In light of these observations our model is not valid and the 50% expression of the fragile site at Xq(28) and other unusual properties of this region of the X chromosome remain unexplained. PMID- 6235170 TI - From an antigen-centered, clonal perspective of immune responses to an organism centered, network perspective of autonomous activity in a self-referential immune system. PMID- 6235171 TI - 1984: all idiotypes are equal, but some are more equal than others. AB - Our analysis of idiotypic dominance suggests that 3 elements play an important role. The first is the genetic material that encodes the dominant idiotype. As dominant idiotypes appear to reflect germ-line-encoded sequences, one can not express a particular idiotype unless that sequence is present in the germ line. The germ-line-encoded sequences, in turn, would, I predict, be specific for commonly encountered or former environmental pathogens. The second element is the environmental antigens themselves. These antigens will induce the production of idiotype, and will prime idiotype-bearing B cells, such that idiotypic dominance emerges. In the absence of such influences, the pattern of idiotypic expression appears to differ. The third influence is regulatory. My own studies have shown that idiotype found in normal serum plays an important role in the maturation and/or function of one such cell, an idiotype-specific helper T cell. It is my working hypothesis that such cells play several roles in idiotypic dominance, but that this is the least of their important roles. Rather, such cells, being specific for idiotopes associated with antibodies specific for environmentally encountered pathogens, would be important in the priming and rapid reactivation of B cells bearing such idiotopes. As such, they speak to the basic role of the immune system, the protection of the organism from infection. PMID- 6235172 TI - Network regulation among T cells: qualitative and quantitative studies on suppression in the non-immune state. PMID- 6235173 TI - T-cell helper circuits. AB - T helper cells specific for trinitrophenylated PC-binding myeloma and hybridoma antibodies are induced by priming with PC antigen, idiotype or anti-idiotypic antibody. These T helper cells are specific for a shared idiotope present on T15 and M167. Priming with the isolated heavy chains of T15 or M167, or the light chain of anti-T15 hybridoma antibody is equally effective in generating T helper cells. Evidently, the idiotope that is recognized by T cells is not dependent upon the conformation of the 7s Ig molecule. Collectively, these and other findings indicate the existence of a TH1-TH2-B cellular circuit which is based on the recognition of idiotopic determinants on T cell receptors. The implications of these findings in terms of network theory are explored. PMID- 6235176 TI - Comparison of various preparations of nuclear antigens by hemagglutination inhibition (HAI). AB - A clinical laboratory carrying out tests for antinuclear antibodies requires an efficient, reliable preparation method to produce a high yield of nuclear antigens at low cost and a very sensitive, specific assay method for antigen activity. Various tissues were employed for preparation of small nuclear ribonucleoprotein (snRNP) and Sm antigens for these purposes. Fresh calf thymus cells and nuclei, commercially available calf and rabbit thymus acetone powders, fresh rat kidney and liver cells were used as sources of antigens prepared similarly by methods published previously. Preparations of antigens from whole calf thymus cell extracts were prepared with and without inhibitors to protease and RNase. snRNP and Sm antigens were assayed at each preparation step by hemagglutination inhibition (HAI). Using HAI it was possible to routinely assay snRNP and Sm at nanogram/ml quantities which was 10(6) fold more sensitive than Ouchterlony immunodiffusion. Results were expressed as relative specific activity as compared with calf thymus nuclear extract prepared by conventional methods. Protease and RNase inhibitors did not significantly increase yields. Thymus was the best source of snRNP and Sm. Fresh calf thymus extract produced a good, stable, reliable quantity of antigens, whereas calf and rabbit thymus acetone powders provided antigen at higher specific activity with less labor but slightly lower yields. Thus, considering the total cost of preparations, commercial sources may be superior to fresh sources in the clinical laboratory setting. These studies also revealed the utility of the sensitive HAI test not only in the clinical laboratory but also for further research endeavors. PMID- 6235177 TI - Phylogeny of interleukins: growth factors produced by leucocytes of the cyprinid fish, Cyprinus carpio L. AB - Supernatants of phytohaemagglutinin (PHA)-activated pronephric leucocytes from carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) contain a lymphocyte growth factor which can induce a proliferative response of purified lymphoblasts but not freshly isolated leucocytes. The growth-promoting activity can be reduced by absorbing the supernatant with mitogen-activated blasts. In addition, increased incorporation of tritiated thymidine into PHA-activated blast cells is also induced by supernatants from two-way mixed leucocyte cultures. The data show that even at the evolutionary level of teleost fish, amplifying/regulatory leucocyte products exist. It is suggested that these factors play as important a role in the regulation of the immune response in fish as they do in mammals. PMID- 6235174 TI - Cerebral microvascular smooth muscle in tissue culture. AB - Cerebral endothelium is being studied rather extensively in tissue culture, but no reports are available describing the tissue culture of cerebral microvascular smooth muscle. The present paper describes for the first time the isolation and culture of non-neoplastic mouse cerebral vascular smooth muscle. Microvessels from a dounce homogenate of mouse brain are plated onto plastic culture dishes in Dulbecco's modified Eagle media plus 20% fetal bovine serum and treated briefly with collagenase. Cells migrate from vessels and proliferate sufficiently to be transferred out of primary culture in 2 to 3 wk. Light microscopy reveals generally broad, polygonal cells that grow collectively in a "hill and valley" pattern. By transmission electron microscopy the cells possess many characteristics of smooth muscle: basal laminas, clusters of pinocytotic vesicles, and bundles of thin filaments. Several ill-defined cell-to-cell junctions are also present. Isoelectric focusing and sodium dodecyl sulfate electrophoresis of cellular proteins on polyacrylamide gels after pulse labeling cultures with [S-35]methionine demonstrate that these cells actively synthesize a smooth-muscle-specific isoactin, alpha-actin. The identity of alpha-actin is confirmed by analysis of NH2-terminal peptides after actin digestion with trypsin and subsequent peptide cleavage with thermolysin. Both their morphology and active synthesis of alpha-actin strongly suggest that these cells are of smooth muscle origin. Future studies of their metabolism and interactions with endothelium and astrocytes should provide a better understanding of the cerebral microcirculation. PMID- 6235178 TI - Antigen-induced suppression in man: non-specific suppression mediated via OKT8+ cells. AB - We have developed a simple assay for human peripheral-blood suppressor cells induced by soluble protein antigens. Suppressor cells were obtained from 6-day cultures in the presence of tetanus toxoid or PPD and were assayed in co-cultures with fresh autologous PBLs. The proliferative response in this second culture showed significant suppression varying from 50% to 90%. The suppressor cells are OKT8-positive, resistant to X irradiation and non-specific in their function. They do not impede either the function or production of TCGF in the secondary culture but we are unable to detect a non-specific suppressor factor made by these cells. PMID- 6235179 TI - Altered lymphocyte recognition repertoire during ageing. III. Changes in MHC restriction patterns in parental T lymphocytes and diminution in T suppressor function. AB - Irradiated C57BL/6 and (C57BL/6 X C3H)F1 mice have been reconstituted with bone marrow prepared from young (2 month) or aged (24 month) C57BL/6 donors. Indirect examination of the T cell receptor for H-2d alloantigens on H-2b splenocytes of these reconstituted mice, using the suppression of the H-2b anti-H-2d response induced by (H-2b X H-2d)F1 anti-(H-2b anti-H-2d) suppressor cells, suggests that the allo-receptor repertoire derived from bone marrow of aged mice is different from that of T cells derived from young bone-marrow precursors. These observations were supported by direct evidence, from rosette formation with murine erythrocytes, for changes in the T cell receptor of these different (radiation-chimaera) sources of H-2b-T cells. Along with these subtle changes in the allo-receptor repertoire of T cells derived from bone marrow of aged mice grown in irradiated F1 hosts, there is a decrease (compared with mice reconstituted with bone marrow from young donors) in the apparent frequency of T cells recognizing antigen in association with the new MHC-restricting elements in these parent F1 chimaeras. Analysis of those cell subsets reported to be involved in the regulation of MLC responses suggests that some of the differences observed between T cell differentiation from bone-marrow stem cells of young or aged donors may in part be explained by a diminution in the production from bone marrow of aged mice of those cells important for homeostasis within the immune system. PMID- 6235180 TI - Lectins and substitution for helper function in anti-hapten responses in Xenopus laevis. AB - Substitution by lectins for the carrier-priming requirement in thymus-dependent, antigen-binding responses in Xenopus laevis has been examined. Concanavalin A (Con A) was found to substitute for carrier priming in control, early thymectomized and adult-thymectomized animals, but not in animals given a single, high dose of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea, which has a permanent effect on certain thymus-dependent functions in this species. Lipopolysaccharide and other lectins, such as peanut agglutinin and wheat germ agglutinin, were unable to substitute for carrier priming. These effects of Con A are discussed in terms of substitution via amplifier T cells or a helper T cell subset. PMID- 6235182 TI - The relationship of lytic effects against autologous and allogeneic PHA blasts induced in human mixed lymphocyte cultures. AB - In addition to the cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) killer cells which lyse autologous PHA lymphoblasts are also generated in mixed lymphocyte cultures (MLC). By modifying various tissue culture conditions, we demonstrate that the generation of allospecific effectors can be reduced but not the lytic activity against autologous PHA lymphoblasts. Cold target inhibition experiments showed a cross reaction between autologous and allogeneic PHA lymphoblasts. No inhibition was seen with fresh lymphocytes. It seems, therefore, that the measured lytic activity of specific CTL generated in a MLC is in fact partially mediated by cytotoxic cells which kill also autologous PHA lymphoblasts. PMID- 6235183 TI - Fractionation of mast cell components for studies of ligand-receptor binding at the plasma membrane. AB - This communication describes a simple procedure for fractionating mast cells producing plasma membranes and intact granules. Mast cells were purified over a bovine serum albumin density gradient and disrupted under conditions in which no histamine was released. Iodinated immunoglobulin E (IgE) bound to the cells served as a marker for the plasma membrane fraction. Employing a discontinuous sucrose gradient the plasma membrane and granule fractions were separated. The specific activity of the IgE binding to the isolated plasma membrane fractions was 10-fold higher compared with that of the IgE binding to intact cells. PMID- 6235181 TI - Seminal plasma inhibits lymphocyte response to T-dependent and -independent antigens in vitro. AB - The effect of seminal plasma, epididymal spermatozoa, or whole semen on antibody producing cells was examined in vitro after (i) direct culture with spleen or B cells, and (ii) cocultivation of B cells with T cells previously incubated with seminal plasma. Seminal plasma, and not epididymal spermatozoa, have an inhibitory effect on the direct hemolytic plague forming cell response. This was mediated by a direct inhibitory effect on the B cell and not through the generation of suppressor T cells as demonstrated by responses to T-independent and -dependent antigens. Thus, the mode of suppressive action of seminal plasma in vitro is probably different from that previously reported in vivo. PMID- 6235184 TI - Histochemical & biochemical changes in succinate dehydrogenase & myofibrillar ATPase activities after syngeneic homografting of minced gastrocnemius muscle in the young & adult albino rat Rattus norvegicus. PMID- 6235185 TI - Histochemical study of cross-transplantation of minced pre-denervated & normal gastrocnemius muscles of the adult albino rat Rattus norvegicus. PMID- 6235186 TI - Histochemical & biochemical changes in succinate dehydrogenase myofibrillar ATPase activities during heterotopic autotransplantation of EDL into gastrocnemius muscle in the adult albino rat Rattus norvegicus. PMID- 6235188 TI - Effect of reserpine on acetylcholinesterase & adenosine triphosphatase activities in rat. PMID- 6235187 TI - Soluble Mlsa antigens: stimulatory effect in vitro versus suppressive effect in vivo. AB - Using a pair of congenic strains of mice differing only at the Mls haplotype (Mls locus and closely linked genes), BALB/c (Mlsb) and BALB.D2-Mlsa, we have compared the in vitro proliferative responses of Mlsb lymphocytes to Mlsa antigens presented on either lymph node cells (LNC) or peritoneal adherent cells (PAC). Results showed that Mlsa-PAC are stronger stimulators than Mlsa-LNC, and furthermore, that the supernatant from Mlsa-PAC may be effective in eliciting a lymphocyte proliferative response. The proliferation in response to PAC supernatant is partially due to activation by nonspecific factor(s); however, the response in the presence of Mlsa incompatible PAC supernatant is about three times greater than the response obtained in the presence of syngeneic Mlsb-PAC supernatant, suggesting an additional stimulation by soluble Mlsa antigens. Contrasting with the ability of PAC-supernatant to stimulate a primary proliferative response in vitro, the in vivo immunization of Mlsb mice with Mlsa PAC supernatant abrogates the specific proliferative response in subsequent one way mixed lymphocyte cultures. This abrogation of the specific response is comparable to that observed after immunization with intact Mlsa peritoneal or spleen cells, although in the latter case the anti-H-2 proliferative response is also decreased, regardless of whether the H-2 incompatible stimulating cells express an additional incompatibility for Mlsa. The proliferation of untreated, but not of Mlsa-immunized BALB/c LNC, is stronger in cultures with DBA/2 stimulating cells (incompatible for Mlsa and other non-H-2 antigens) than in cultures with BALB.D2-Mlsa cells (incompatible for Mlsa alone), and is comparable in intensity to that activated by H-2 incompatibility. We conclude that Mlsa antigens are more efficiently recognized by unprimed helper T cells when presented on PAC than when presented on LNC. In the primary proliferative response, the effects of Mlsa and other non-H-2 antigens may be cumulative. In vivo immunization against Mlsa antigens results in suppression of the specific proliferative response and, to a certain extent, of the nonspecific proliferative response (directed against both H-2 and other non-H-2 antigens). Since Mlsa antigens are obtainable in soluble form, their physico-chemical purification can now be envisaged. PMID- 6235189 TI - Cardiac hypertrophy and performance of Dahl hypertensive rats on graded salt diets. AB - The relationship between arterial pressure and left ventricular (LV) functional capacity and LV mass during the natural development of cardiac hypertrophy was assessed in Dahl-resistant (R) and -sensitive (S) hypertensive rats maintained on three dietary NaCl regimens (0.4%, 4.0%, and 8.0% for 9 weeks, then 4.0%) from 5 until 20 weeks of age. In R rats, arterial pressure and LV mass were unaffected by diet. In contrast, S rats demonstrated levels of arterial pressure and LV hypertrophy that were graded according to dietary NaCl. Hemodynamic studies on rats under ether anesthesia demonstrated that the graded pressure elevation in S rats was produced by corresponding increases in total peripheral resistance, as cardiac output did not vary. During acute volume loading, the S rats on all diets achieved the same maximum stroke volume as did R rats, despite the marked increase in the arterial pressure of S rats. An analysis of the ejection fraction/afterload relationship demonstrated preserved contractile state. The ability of the left ventricle to generate pressure was increased in S rats in direct proportion to the degree of LV hypertrophy. Thus, in young adult S rats, cardiac performance was well compensated since pump and contractile functions were maintained and pressure-generating capacity was increased in relation to the degree of LV hypertrophy. PMID- 6235191 TI - Evaluation of patients with renovascular hypertension. PMID- 6235190 TI - What is the value of home blood pressure measurement in patients with mild hypertension? AB - To investigate the value of home blood pressure (BP) measurements, the BP was recorded daily by the patient at home and compared with recordings in the physician's office and with a 24-hour BP recording taken with a noninvasive ambulatory BP recorder in a group of 93 patients with mild untreated hypertension. Office BPs (mean 148/94 mm Hg) were higher than either home (138/89 mm Hg) or average 24-hour BPs (131/89 mm Hg). For systolic BP, home and office measurements gave similar correlations with 24-hour BP (0.67 and 0.55). For diastolic BP, however, home readings were lower and more accurate (0.76 vs 0.36). Thus, our findings indicate that home readings reflect the overall level of BP more reliably than office readings, and if due consideration is given to the fact that they are usually lower than office readings, they may be used as an alternative and cost-effective means of evaluating patients with mild hypertension. PMID- 6235192 TI - Mechanism of lipopolysaccharide-induced immunosuppression: immunological activity of B cell subsets responding to T-dependent or T-independent antigens in lipopolysaccharide-preinjected mice. AB - Spleen cells from mice preinjected with high doses of bacterial lipopolysaccharide did not generate anti-trinitrophenyl (TNP) plaque-forming cells in vitro to the T-dependent antigen, TNP-sheep erythrocytes, but did generate fully plaque-forming cells to the T-independent antigens, TNP-Ficoll and TNP-Brucella abortus. The immunological activity of B cells from such lipopolysaccharide-preinjected mice was analyzed in the present study. T cell depleted spleen cells from mice injected with 30 micrograms of lipopolysaccharide 3 days previously did not respond to combined stimulation with TNP-sheep erythrocytes and concanavalin A-induced T cell-replacing factor and had no suppressive activity on normal T cell-depleted spleen cells. Splenic B cells, which were separated from T cells and macrophages from mice injected with 30 micrograms of lipopolysaccharide 3 days previously, responded only partially (about 25% of the control response) to combined stimulation with TNP-sheep erythrocytes and concanavalin A-induced cell-replacing factor in the presence of normal macrophages, but responded fully to TNP-B. abortus, regardless of the presence of normal macrophages. These results indicate that B cells responding to the T-dependent antigens are rendered unresponsive to antigenic stimulation in mice preinjected with lipopolysaccharide, whereas B cells responding to the T independent antigens are kept intact. PMID- 6235193 TI - Defective concanavalin A-induced suppressor cell activity in lupus nephritis. AB - To determine whether patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and active nephritis have more profound defects in suppressor cell activity, we studied concanavalin A (Con A)-induced suppressor cell activity (SCA) in 12 patients with lupus nephritis (LN) and 11 patients with chronic mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis (CGN) without renal insufficiency. The levels of Con A-induced SCA were decreased in patients with LN compared with those in normal controls and those in CGN patients and lower in LN patients with the nephrotic syndrome (NS) than in those without NS. In contrast, the mean responses of Con-A-induced SCA in CGN patients with or without NS did not differ from normal subjects. These findings may lend further insight into the understanding of the immunoregulatory defect in LN. PMID- 6235194 TI - Role of T suppressor cells in the cycling of the immune response against a murine fibrosarcoma. AB - Antitumor immunity against a fibrosarcoma in C57BL/6 mice was obtained by means of a semi-allogenic somatic hybrid cell derived from the fusion of this C57BL/6 fibrosarcoma (MCB6-1) and A9 cells of C3H origin. In a Winn assay, this immunity could be transferred by T lymphocytes to normal C57BL/6 recipient mice during an early and a late phase after immunization. There appeared to be a transient non responsive period during which no immunity could be transferred. Injection of cyclophosphamide (CY) into mice before immunization increased the level of immunity during this period, and reconstitution of animals with normal spleen cells abolished the effect of CY. During the non-responsive period, suppressor cells were demonstrated in the spleen: the i.v. transfer of these suppressor cells to normal mice significantly inhibited the induction of antitumor immunity; the suppressive effect was transferred by T lymphocytes of the Lyt-2+ phenotype. No suppressive effect on antitumor protection was observed when suppressor cells were transferred simultaneously with immune T lymphocytes in the Winn assay. From these findings, it appears that T-suppressor cells regulate the antitumor response, interfering with the afferent (induction) arm of the immune response. PMID- 6235195 TI - Iron overload in cardiac valvular disease and pure red cell aplasia: treatment with desferrioxamine. AB - A patient was noted to have mitral stenosis in 1969, which by 1982 had progressed to grade III severity. In 1980 she was found to have pure red cell aplasia which was treated by transfusion. In this report we describe the control of iron overload using desferrioxamine and discuss the role of this drug in the treatment of hemosiderosis. PMID- 6235196 TI - Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)--complications in dental treatment. Report of a case. AB - Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a new disease which has recently alerted the medical world. AIDS may also concern dental practitioners and oral surgeons who may be the first to suspect impairment of immunity in patients presenting opportunistic oral infections. Extraordinary resistance to treatment of dental infections, such as encountered in a 27-year-old man developing AIDS, could also be a sign of immunodepression. Epidemiological features of AIDS indicate transmissibility, and interim recommendations for prevention of spread correspond to the measures appropriate for hepatitis B. PMID- 6235197 TI - Dental extractions in Paget's disease of bone. AB - The results of a postal questionnaire completed by 360 patients with Paget's disease of bone, on behalf of themselves and their unaffected spouses, suggest that dental practitioners have some awareness of the potential problems associated with extractions for patients with Paget's disease, but that nevertheless patients still suffer from greater difficulty at extraction and more post-extraction complications than normal. PMID- 6235198 TI - Physical impairment, stress, and cardiovascular disorders. AB - Physical impairments bring about social and psychological consequences leading to stress. Here Dutch epidemiological data were used to test whether the physically disabled have an increased risk of CD. Results indicated this was partly so. Possible confounding variables, however, severely limit a firm statement concerning the relationship between disabling impairments and cardiovascular disorders. PMID- 6235199 TI - Stressful sequelae of disabling illness. AB - Fifty former rehabilitation patients completed the recent life changes questionnaire (RLCQ), an inventory of potentially stressful life events. Subjects indicated those that had occurred to them during the 6 months prior to onset of illness/injury and during the 6 months following hospital discharge. Certain RLCQ items have associated point values ("life change units" or LCU) indicative of the amount of stress induced by that event. The average number of LCU reported for the post-discharge period exceeded by 3 1/2 times the average for the pre-injury epoch. Ranges for both sets of values were substantial. Forty-five of the fifty seven events were reported more frequently for the later period, while eight occurred slightly more often before the onset of illness or injury. These findings have implications for the genesis, frequency, magnitude and individual variability of depression following the onset of disabling illness. PMID- 6235200 TI - Developing community-based rehabilitation services for the disabled by the primary health care approach. PMID- 6235201 TI - Immune responses in an untransfused patient with aplastic anemia: analysis of cytolytic and proliferative T cell clones. AB - Unexpected unidirectional reactivity was noted in MLC by the cells of an untransfused patient with aplastic anemia against cells from her genotypically HLA identical brother. To analyze this reactivity, lymphocytes from the patient were primed in vitro for six days with irradiated lymphocytes from the HLA identical brother and then cloned by limiting dilution in the presence of interleukin-2. Following a period of clonal expansion, the patient's cells were tested for specific proliferative (PLT) and cytolytic (CTL) activity against cells of the brother. Thirty-six clones demonstrated proliferative activity, 30 clones demonstrated cytolytic activity, and 114 clones showed neither. No clone demonstrated both cytotoxic and proliferative activity. Several patterns of specificity were seen for the cytolytic T cell (CTL) clones, including both allo- and autoreactivity. Two distinct patterns of specificity were noted for the proliferative clones: one reactive to cells from DR3-positive males; the other reactive only to cells from certain DR2-positive males and females. The DR3 restricted clones are presumably directed towards the H-Y minor histocompatibility antigen while the DR2-restricted clones are directed toward an undefined minor histocompatibility antigen. It is thus possible to isolate both alloreactive and autoreactive T cells from the peripheral blood of some untransfused patients with aplastic anemia. PMID- 6235202 TI - The formation of abdomino-perineal sacs by the fasciae of Scarpa and Colles, and their clinical significance. AB - It has been shown that the membranous layer of the subcutaneous tissue, known as Scarpa's fascia, is confined to an oval area on each side of the abdominal wall. By its attachment to the deep fascia it encloses an obliquely directed oval sac which extends into the perineum by three pocket-like diverticulae. The fascial extension which forms the pockets is known as the fascia of Colles. Medially, the sac blends with the fundiform ligament, so that the sacs do not communicate with each other or with the interfascial space deep to the penile dartos. Laterally, the inferior margin creates the crease-line of the groin by its attachment to the fascia lata. Between these attachments the pockets arise from the sac. The lateral pocket continues into the superficial perineal pouch. The medial pocket, together with the intermediate, occupies the scrotum or labium majus. The intermediate pocket is associated with the spermatic cord or the round ligament of the uterus and blends with their coverings posteriorly. In the male it terminates just above the testis. The significance of the fascial arrangements in relation to urinary extravasation is discussed, and also the relationship of the intermediate pocket to an indirect inguinal hernia. PMID- 6235204 TI - Teichomycins, new antibiotics from Actinoplanes teichomyceticus nov. sp. IV. Separation and characterization of the components of teichomycin (teicoplanin). AB - Teichomycin (teicoplanin) was found to be a mixture of five closely related components of similar polarity, designated T-A2-1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 and of one more polar component, designated T-A3. The separation of the single components was achieved by reverse phase partition chromatography and their physico-chemical and biological properties were compared. The results show that 1) the five major components have the same molecular size of about 1,900; 2) they contain the same ionization function, i.e., a carboxyl group and an amino group which form a zwitterion, and four phenolic groups; 3) they differ in a side aliphatic chain. The component T-A3 is not described. PMID- 6235203 TI - A scanning and transmission electron microscopic study of amoeboid microglial cells in the prenatal rat brain following a maternal injection of 6 aminonicotinamide. AB - The amoeboid microglial cells in the cavum septum pellucidum of prenatal rats aged 22 days post-conception were studied by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The cells in normal rats had numerous filopodia, while those in experimental animals whose mothers had received an intraperitoneal injection of 6 aminonicotinamide (6-AN) on the 14th day of gestation, showed an abundance of blebs or possessed smoother contours. Extravasated red blood cells and nerve fibres were seen to be engulfed by the amoeboid cells of the blebbed as well as the smooth type. Transmission electron microscopy confirmed the phagocytosis of red blood cells and nerve fibres in the cytoplasm of the amoeboid cells. It is postulated that the amoeboid microglial cells responded to 6-AN by increasing their phagocytic activity and by changing their surface morphology. The factors leading to such alterations are discussed. PMID- 6235205 TI - Teicoplanin, antibiotics from Actinoplanes teichomyceticus nov. sp. V. Aromatic constituents. AB - Oxidative and hydrolytic degradation reactions were carried out on teicoplanin in order to characterize the aromatic portion of the molecule and relate it to the other members of the class of glycopeptide antibiotics. Seven aromatic rings, obtained as triphenyl ether, diphenyl ether, and diphenyl moieties after oxidation nd hydrolysis of teicoplanin, were identified. They are present in teicoplanin as aromatic amino acids and constitute the peptidic part of the molecule. The diphenyl ether and diphenyl moieties, which were isolated both as esters after oxidation and as alpha-amino acids after acid hydrolysis clearly indicate the nature of the corresponding amino acids in teicoplanin. The triphenyl ether moiety, which was isolated only as ester, allows the hypothesis that the corresponding amino acids are the same as those of the other glycopeptide antibiotics. PMID- 6235206 TI - Rapid thin layer chromatographic method for determination of zearalenone and zearalenol in grains and animal feeds. AB - A rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the analysis of zearalenone and zearalenol in grains and animal feeds. The method involves extraction with 75% methanol, precipitation of pigments with lead acetate, and defatting with petroleum ether. The mycotoxins are subsequently partitioned into toluene-ethyl acetate, chromatographed on high performance thin layer chromatographic plates, and detected after treatment with Fast Violet B salt solution. Sensitivity of the method is better than 80 ng/g for zearalenone and 200 ng/g for zearalenol. Ten samples can be completed in less than 2 h. The method is applicable for zearalenone in corn, wheat, barley, millet, and swine feeds. PMID- 6235208 TI - Occurrence of glomerulonephritis and autoantibodies in diabetes mellitus. PMID- 6235207 TI - Child behavior toward the parent: a factor analysis of mothers' reports of disabled children. AB - The current study evaluated the generalizability of a parent-child rearing inventory designed for normal children and parents to a group of parents of disabled children. A total of 101 mothers of multihandicapped children completed a questionnaire (Parent Report of Child Behavior) reporting their child's behavior toward them in five areas: Positive Relationship, Detachment, Obedience, Independence, and Control Problems. Factor analysis of these mothers' responses revealed a qualitatively different set of underlying factors as contrasted to the original normative group. For mothers in this study, a positive relationship with their disabled child was contingent upon a combination of compliant behaviors (obeying rules, doing things independently, actively trying to please), all of which are likely associated with general child competence. The disabled child's age, intellectual level, degree of physical impairment, and number of nonhandicapped sibs influenced maternal report of child behavior. PMID- 6235209 TI - Major extracellular protease of Neurospora crassa. AB - The inducible extracellular alkaline protease of Neurospora crassa was demonstrated to be a glycoprotein containing D-galactose residues by use of the enzyme-lectin conjugate horseradish peroxidase-Ricinus communis-agglutinin-120. The carbohydrate moiety of the protease appears to be a poor antigen since an antiserum made to the native enzyme recognizes epitopes determined only by the polypeptide portion of the enzyme. Immunochemical techniques were used to quantitatively precipitate protease labeled in vivo for electrophoretic analysis. Protease synthesis could not be detected in control, uninduced cultures, whereas ca. 0.4% of total cellular protein synthesis is devoted to protease formation under inducing conditions. PMID- 6235210 TI - Participation of an extracellular deaminase in amino acid utilization by Neurospora crassa. AB - A strain of Neurospora crassa defective in amino acid transport can utilize a variety of amino acids for growth when readily metabolizable nitrogen is limiting. Growth is accompanied by the production of an extracellular deaminase that converts the amino acid to its respective keto acid plus equimolar quantities of utilizable nitrogen in the ammonium ion form. Production of the deaminase is subject to ammonium repression. The relationship between the ability of an amino acid to trigger deaminase production and the presence of particular amino acid permease deficiencies is complex. Four classes of amino acids have been defined with respect to this relationship. The existence of multiple extracellular deaminases is discussed. PMID- 6235211 TI - Isolation of new white collar mutants of Neurospora crassa and studies on their behavior in the blue light-induced formation of protoperithecia. AB - White collar (wc) mutants of Neurospora crassa are thought to be regulatory mutants blocked in the photoinduction of carotenogenesis. Eight new wc mutants have been isolated after UV mutagenesis; their morphology and linear growth rate are not altered, although blue light-induced carotenogenesis is completely blocked. All of the wc mutations fall into two complementation groups corresponding to the already-known wc-1 and wc-2 loci. It is shown that the wc mutations impair another blue light effect, the photoinduction of protoperithecia formation, as well as the low constitutive production of protoperithecia in the dark. These effects are not due to the lack of carotenoids since the albino mutants show a normal sexual development. The pleiotropic effects of the mutations in the wc genes indicate that they play a key role in the mechanisms of regulation of the blue light-induced responses of N. crassa. PMID- 6235213 TI - Structural studies of Fc receptors. III. Isolation and molecular weight analysis of the component chain of Fc gamma receptor of macrophage. AB - Surface receptors of guinea pig peritoneal macrophages specific for the Fc region of IgG (Fc gamma receptor) were isolated and identified as a surface radioiodinated component with a molecular weight of 44,000 that bound in an Fc specific manner to IgG2 of guinea pig immunoglobulin immobilized in any of the following three different ways: IgG2 antibody in insoluble immune complex, IgG2 antibody bound to antigen-coupled Sepharose, and IgG2 covalently coupled to Sepharose. In order to obtain the Fc gamma receptor retaining the binding activity, the Fc-binding component was isolated by IgG2 affinity chromatography in which mild acidic buffer (pH 5.0-4.0) was chosen to elute the component bound to the affinity column. Forty-five to sixty-two percent of the eluted radioactivity was shown to rebind to the IgG2-affinity column. The bound fraction showed a single radioactive peak of 44,000 daltons in sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The Fc-binding component isolated by the affinity chromatography behaved similarly in gel filtration in the presence of a detergent, as did the detergent-solubilized Fc gamma receptor before isolation by affinity chromatography. These results suggested that the Fc gamma receptor was isolated in a native form. Furthermore, it was confirmed that the isolated Fc gamma receptor is distinct from actin or the actin-like protein (DNase I-binding protein) which had been reported to bind to IgG-affinity column. PMID- 6235212 TI - Conidia induce the formation of protoperithecia in Neurospora crassa: further characterization of white collar mutants. AB - The treatment of undifferentiated mycelia with heavy suspensions of their own conidia triggers protoperithecial development. This effect was also observed with white collar (wc) mutants and suggests that the wc genes are not structural genes necessary for morphogenesis of protoperithecia but that they are probably involved in regulation. PMID- 6235214 TI - Solubilization and reconstitution of membrane proteins of Escherichia coli using alkanoyl-N-methylglucamides. AB - Alkanoyl-N-methylglucamides, nonionic detergents, were utilized to solubilize membrane proteins of Escherichia coli and were used to reconstitute them into liposomes. First, critical micelle concentrations (CMC) of nonanoyl-N methylglucamide and decanoyl-N-methylglucamide were determined to be 25 mM and 7 mM, respectively, by photometric assay. Then solubilization and reconstitution of the melibiose transport carrier were performed using these detergents at concentrations above the CMC. Melibiose counterflow activity was observed with the proteoliposomes reconstituted from the extracted proteins and phospholipids. The proton-translocating ATPase complex (F1-F0) was also solubilized with these detergents. These results indicate that nonanoyl- and decanoyl-N-methylglucamide are useful detergents for solubilization and reconstitution of membrane proteins. PMID- 6235215 TI - Energy interconversion in sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles in the presence of Ca2+ and Sr2+ gradients. AB - Sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles of rabbit skeletal muscle are able to accumulate Ca2+ or Sr2+ at the expense of ATP hydrolysis. Depending on the conditions used, vesicles loaded with Ca2+ can catalyze either an ATP in equilibrium Pi exchange or the synthesis of ATP from ADP and Pi. Both reactions are impaired in vesicles loaded with Sr2+. The Sr2+ concentration required for half-maximal ATPase activity increases from 2 microM to 60-70 microM when the Mg2+ concentration is raised from 0.5 to 50 mM. The enzyme is phosphorylated by ATP in the presence of Sr2+. The steady state level of phosphoenzyme varies depending on both the Sr2+ and Mg2+ concentrations in the medium. Phosphorylation of the enzyme by Pi is inhibited by both Ca2+ and Sr2+. In the presence of 2 and 20 mM Mg2+, half maximal inhibition is attained in the presence of 4 and 8 microM Ca2+ or in the presence of 0.24 mM and more than 2 mM Sr2+, respectively. After the addition of Sr2+, the phosphoenzyme is cleaved with two different rate constants, 0.5-1.5 s-1 and 10-18 s-1. The fraction of phosphoenzyme cleaved at a slow rate is smaller the higher the Sr2+ concentration in the medium. Ca2+ inhibition of enzyme phosphorylation by Pi is overcome by the addition of ITP. This is not observed when Ca2+ is replaced by Sr2+. PMID- 6235216 TI - Phosphorylation of glycogen synthase by the Ca2+- and phospholipid-activated protein kinase (protein kinase C). AB - The Ca2+- and phospholipid-dependent protein kinase (protein kinase C) has been found to phosphorylate and inactivate glycogen synthase. With muscle glycogen synthase as a substrate, the reaction was stimulated by Ca2+ and by phosphatidylserine. The tumor-promoting phorbol esters 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol 13-acetate was also a positive effector, half-maximal activation occurring at 6 nM. Phosphorylation of glycogen synthase, but not histone, was partially inhibited by glycogen, half-maximally at 0.05 mg/ml, probably via a substrate directed mechanism. The rate of glycogen synthase phosphorylation was approximately half that for histone; the apparent Km for glycogen synthase was 0.25 mg/ml. Protein kinase C also phosphorylated casein, the preferred substrate among the individual caseins being alpha s1-casein. Glycogen synthase was phosphorylated to greater than 1 phosphate/subunit with an accompanying reduction in the -glucose-6-P/+glucose-6-P activity ratio from 0.9 to 0.5. Phosphate was introduced into serine residues in both the NH2-terminal and COOH-terminal CNBr fragments of the enzyme subunit. The two main tryptic phosphopeptides mapped in correspondence with the peptides that contain site 1a and site 2. Lesser phosphorylation in an unidentified peptide was also observed. Rabbit liver and muscle glycogen synthases were phosphorylated at similar rates by protein kinase C. The above results are compatible with a role for protein kinase C in the regulation of glycogen synthase as was suggested by a recent study of intact hepatocytes. PMID- 6235217 TI - Introduction of a donor-acceptor pair by a single protein modification. Forster energy transfer distance measurements from trapped 1,N6-ethenoadenosine diphosphate to chromophoric cross-linking reagents on the critical thiols of myosin subfragment. AB - The fluorescent ADP analog, 1,N6-ethenoadenosine diphosphate (epsilon ADP), has been trapped at the active site of myosin subfragment 1 (SF1) by the chromophoric cross - linkers, 1,5 - difluoro - 2,4' - dinitrobenzene (F2DNB) and 4,4'-difluoro 3,3'-dinitrophenylsulfone (F2DPS). The cross-linking agents were shown to react with the kinetically reactive cysteines SH1 and SH2 (i) by virtue of their effect on the characteristic K+-EDTA and CaATPase activities of SF1, (ii) by the loss of two thiols after reaction of enzyme with equimolar concentrations of cross linking agent, and (iii) by comparison of the uv absorption spectra of cross linked SF1 with those of the thiol adducts of F2DPS and F2DNB. In addition, F2DPS was shown to be located predominantly on the 20 kDa heavy chain tryptic peptide fragment known to contain SH1 and SH2. The fluorescence decay of the epsilon ADP SF1 complex was found to be heterogenous by phase modulation methods after reaction with the cross-linking reagents F2DPS and F2DNB. The resolved lifetimes were found to be 26.1 and 7.0 ns for the F2DPS system and 25.2 and 3.1 ns for the F2DNB system, indicating the presence of some free, as well as trapped and quenched, nucleotide in both systems. The shorter lifetimes (Forster energy transfer quenched) and the spectral overlap for the two systems were used to calculate distances of 26 A and 23 A between the purine binding site and the enzyme adducts of F2DPS and F2DNB, respectively. These distance measurements demonstrate that both SH1 and SH2 are too far from the active site to be directly involved in either the binding or the hydrolysis of ATP. PMID- 6235218 TI - Protein kinase C modulates in vitro phosphorylation of the smooth muscle heavy meromyosin by myosin light chain kinase. AB - Protein kinase C phosphorylates different sites on the 20,000-Da light chain of smooth muscle heavy meromyosin (HMM) than did myosin light chain kinase (Nishikawa, M., Hidaka, H., and Adelstein, R. S. (1983) J. Biol. Chem. 258, 14069 14072). Although protein kinase C incorporates 1 mol of phosphate into 1 mol of 20,000-Da light chain when either HMM or the whole myosin molecule is used as a substrate, it catalyzes the incorporation of up to 3 mol of phosphate/mol of 20,000-Da light chain when the isolated light chains are used as a substrate. Threonine is the major phosphoamino acid resulting from phosphorylation of HMM by protein kinase C. Prephosphorylation of HMM by protein kinase C decreases the rate of phosphorylation of HMM by myosin light chain kinase due to a 9-fold increase of the Km for prephosphorylated HMM compared to that of unphosphorylated HMM. Prephosphorylation of HMM by myosin light chain kinase also results in a decrease of the rate of phosphorylation by protein kinase C due to a 2-fold increase of the Km for HMM. Both prephosphorylations have little or no effect on the maximum rate of phosphorylation. The sequential phosphorylation of HMM by myosin light chain kinase and protein kinase C results in a decrease in actin activated MgATPase activity due to a 7-fold increase of the Km for actin over that observed with phosphorylated HMM by myosin light chain kinase but has little effect on the maximum rate of the actin-activated MgATPase activity. The decrease of the actin-activated MgATPase activity correlates well with the extent of the additional phosphorylation of HMM by protein kinase C following initial phosphorylation by myosin light chain kinase. PMID- 6235219 TI - Characterization of high mobility group protein levels during spermatogenesis in the rat. AB - The distribution, quantitation, and synthesis of high mobility group (HMG) proteins during spermatogenesis in the rat have been determined. HMG1, -2, -14, and -17 were isolated from rat testes by Bio-Rex 70 chromatography combined with preparative gel electrophoresis. Amino acid analysis revealed that each rat testis HMG protein was similar to its calf thymus analogue. Tryptic peptide maps of somatic and testis HMG2 showed no differences and, therefore, failed to detect an HMG2 variant. Testis levels of HMG proteins, relative to DNA content, were equivalent to other tissues for HMG1 (13 micrograms/mg of DNA), HMG14 (3 micrograms/mg of DNA), and HMG17 (5 micrograms/mg of DNA). The testis was distinguished in that it contained a substantially higher level of HMG2 than any other rat tissue (32 micrograms/mg of DNA). HMG protein levels were determined from purified or enriched populations of testis cells representing the major stages of spermatogenesis; spermatogonia and early primary spermatocytes, pachytene spermatocytes, early spermatids, and late spermatids; and testicular somatic cells. High levels of HMG2 in the testis were due to pachytene spermatocytes and early spermatids (56 +/- 4 and 47 +/- 6 micrograms/mg of DNA, respectively). Mixtures of spermatogonia and early primary spermatocytes showed lower levels of HMG2 (12 +/- 3 micrograms/mg of DNA) similar to proliferating somatic tissues, whereas late spermatids had no detectable HMG proteins. The somatic cells of the testis, including isolated populations of Sertoli and Leydig cells, showed very low levels of HMG2 (2 micrograms/mg of DNA), similar to those in nonproliferating somatic tissues. HMG proteins were synthesized in spermatogonia and primary spermatocytes, but not in spermatids. Rat testis HMG2 exhibited two bands on acid-urea gels. A "slow" form comigrated with somatic cell HMG2, while the other "fast" band migrated ahead of the somatic form and appeared to be testis-specific. The "fast" form of HMG2 accounted for the large increase of HMG2 levels in rat testes. These results show that the very high level of HMG2 in testis is not associated with proliferative activity as previously hypothesized. PMID- 6235220 TI - Mobilization of vacuolar arginine in Neurospora crassa. Mechanism and role of glutamine. AB - Nitrogen starvation has been shown to increase the cytosolic arginine concentration and to accelerate protein turnover in mycelia of Neurospora crassa. The cytosolic arginine is derived from a metabolically inactive vacuolar pool. Redistribution of arginine between cytosolic and vacuolar compartments is the result of mobilization of this metabolite in response to nitrogen starvation. Mobilization of arginine (and purines) also occurred in response to glutamine limitation, but arginine accumulated upon proline starvation. These observations indicate that mobilization is a consequence of glutamine limitation rather than a general response to amino acid starvation (or limitation). Analysis of the amino acid pools in mycelia subjected to starvation or limitation suggests that glutamine (or a metabolite derived from glutamine) provides a signal which determines the metabolic fate of vacuolar arginine. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that vacuolar compartmentation provides a readily available store of nitrogen-rich compounds to be utilized during differentiation or under conditions of nutritional stress. PMID- 6235221 TI - Regulation of actomyosin ATPase by a single calcium-binding site on troponin C from crayfish. AB - Equilibrium-binding studies at 4 degrees C show that, in the instance of crayfish, troponin C contains only one Ca-binding site with an affinity in the range of physiological free [CA2+] (K = 2 X 10(5) M-1). At physiological levels of Mg2+, this site does not bind Mg2+. In the complexes of troponin C-troponin I, troponin and troponin-tropomyosin, the regulatory Ca-specific site exhibits a 10- to 20-fold higher affinity (K = 2-4 X 10(6) M-1). The latter affinity is reduced to that of troponin C upon incorporation of the troponin-tropomyosin complex into the actin filament (regulated actin), as determined at 4 degrees C by the double isotope technique. The Ca-binding constant is again shifted to a higher value (7 X 10(6) M-1) when regulated actin is associated with nucleotide-free myosin. Both crayfish myofibrils and rabbit actomyosin regulated by crayfish troponin tropomyosin display a steep rise in ATPase activity with [Ca2+]. Comparison of the pCa/ATPase relationship and the Ca-binding properties at 25 degrees C for the crayfish troponin-regulated actomyosin indicates that while the threshold [Ca2+] for activation corresponds to the range of [Ca2+] where the regulatory site in its low affinity state (K = 1 X 10(5) M-1) starts to bind Ca2+ significantly, full activation is reached at [Ca2+] for which the Ca-specific site in its high affinity state (K = 3 X 10(6) M-1) approaches saturation. These results suggest that, in the actomyosin ATPase cycle, there are at least two calcium-activated states of regulated actin (one low and one high), the high affinity state being induced by interactions of myosin with actin in the cycle. PMID- 6235222 TI - On the subunit composition of the Neurospora plasma membrane H+-ATPase. AB - The resolution-reconstitution approach has been employed in order to gain information as to the subunit composition of the Neurospora plasma membrane H+ ATPase. Proteoliposomes prepared from sonicated asolectin and a highly purified, radiolabeled preparation of the 105,000-dalton hydrolytic moiety of the H+-ATPase by a freeze-thaw procedure catalyze ATP hydrolysis-dependent proton translocation as indicated by the extensive 9-amino-6-chloro-2-methoxyacridine fluorescence quenching that occurs upon the addition of MgATP to the proteoliposomes, and the reversal of this quenching induced by the H+-ATPase inhibitor, vanadate, and the proton conductors, carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone and nigericin plus K+. ATP hydrolysis is tightly coupled to proton translocation into the liposomes as indicated by the marked stimulation of ATP hydrolysis by carbonyl cyanide m chlorophenylhydrazone and nigericin plus K+. The maximum stimulation of ATPase activity by proton conductors is about 3-fold, which indicates that at least two thirds of the hydrolytically active ATPase molecules present in the reconstituted preparation are capable of translocating protons into the liposomes. Furthermore, as estimated by the extent of protection of the reconstituted 105,000-dalton hydrolytic moiety against tryptic degradation by vanadate in the presence of Mg2+ and ATP, the fraction of the total population of ATPase molecules that are hydrolytically active is at least 91%. Taken together, these data indicate that at least 61% of the ATPase molecules present in the reconstituted preparation are able to catalyze proton translocation. This information allows an estimation of the amount of any polypeptide in the preparation that must be present in order for that polypeptide to qualify as a subunit that is required for proton translocation in addition to the 105,000-dalton hydrolytic moiety, and an analysis of the radiolabeled ATPase preparation by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate and urea rules out the involvement of any such polypeptides larger than 2,500 daltons. This indicates that the Neurospora plasma membrane H+-ATPase has no subunits even vaguely resembling any that have been found to be associated with other transport ATPases and that if this enzyme has any subunits at all other than the 105,000-dalton hydrolytic moiety, they must be very small. PMID- 6235223 TI - Isolation of pepsinogen granules from rabbit gastric mucosa. AB - Pepsinogen granules were isolated from rabbit stomachs by a combination of differential and isopycnic gradient centrifugation. The isolation procedure utilized 1 M sucrose and alkaline pH to stabilize the granules. The isolated granules were shown to be 8.4-fold enriched in pepsinogen and free of mitochondria and microsome enzyme markers. In addition to pepsinogen, a cation insensitive but anion-sensitive Mg2+-ATPase co-purified with the zymogen. The enzyme was unaffected by aurovertin, oligomycin, and ouabain, but inhibited by high concentrations of vanadate, N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, and azide. The enzyme activity was stimulated by tetrachlorosalicylanilide and the combination of valinomycin and nigericin in K+-containing media. The similarities between this enzyme and other secretory granule ATPases are discussed. PMID- 6235224 TI - Interdependence of factors affecting the actin-activated ATPase activity of myosin II from Acanthamoeba castellanii. AB - Acanthamoeba myosin II can be phosphorylated at three serine residues near the C terminus of each heavy chain. Deophosphorylated myosin II has the highest actin activated ATPase activity. In this paper, we report the interdependent effects of phosphorylation, Mg2+, Ca2+, temperature, pH, and KCl on the acti-activated ATPase activity. With increasing level of phosphorylation, the actin-activated ATPase activity decreases and the optimal concentration of Mg2+ increases. Lowering the temperature of assay from 35 to 20 degrees C reduces the specific activity of dephosphorylated myosin II and increases the optimal Mg2+ concentration. Lowering the pH from 7.7 to 6.4 decreases the optimal Mg2+ concentration for dephosphorylated myosin II but has no effect on its specific activity. Below pH 6.4, the activity of dephosphorylated myosin is decreased. Phosphorylated myosin II, on the other hand, has no actin-activated ATPase activity at pH 6.4 and above, irrespective of the Mg2+ concentration, but has significant activity at lower pH with a maximum at pH 6.0-6.1 in 1 mM Mg2+. Dephosphorylated myosin II requires Mg2+ for actin-activated ATPase activity under all conditions, but Ca2+ can substitute for some of the Mg2+ at pH 7.0. Partial inhibition of dephosphorylated myosin II by 10-15 mM KCl can be overcome by increasing the Mg2+ concentration but the enzyme is 60% inhibited at 25 mM KCl irrespective of the Mg2+ concentration. The actin-activated ATPase activity of maximally dephosphorylated myosin II is as high at pH 6.4, 1 mM Mg2+, and 30 degrees C, which may be near physiological conditions, as at pH 7, 4 mM Mg2+, and 35 degrees C, the assay conditions commonly used previously. Under both conditions, maximally phosphorylated myosin II is inactive. The interdependence of all these effectors emphasizes the ned to employ multiple incubation conditions in assessing the actin-activated ATPase activities of myosins from all sources. PMID- 6235225 TI - Effects of limited tryptic cleavage on the physical and enzymatic properties of myosin II from Acanthamoeba castellanii. AB - Limited digestion of Acanthamoeba myosin II by trypsin selectively cleaved the 185,000-Da heavy chains into a 73,000-Da peptide containing the catalytic and actin-binding sites and a 112,000-Da peptide containing the regulatory phosphorylatable sites. The light chains were unaffected. The proteolytic products remained associated and formed bipolar filaments that were very similar in appearance to filaments of native myosin by negative staining electron microscopy. Filaments of trypsin-cleaved, dephosphorylated myosin, however, had a smaller sedimentation coefficient than filaments of native dephosphorylated myosin. Trypsin-cleaved dephosphorylated myosin retained complete Ca2+-ATPase activity but had no actin-activated ATPase activity under conditions that are optimal for native, dephosphorylated myosin (pH 7.0, 4 mM MgCl2, 30 degrees C or pH 6.4, 1 mM MgCl2, 30 degrees C). Trypsin-cleaved dephosphorylated myosin had higher actin-activated ATPase activity at pH 6.0 and 1 mM MgCl2 than undigested dephosphorylated myosin which is appreciably inhibited under these conditions. Trypsin-cleaved, dephosphorylated myosin inhibited the actin-activated ATPase activity of native, dephosphorylated myosin when both were present in the same co polymers, when enzymatic activity was assayed at pH 7.0, 4 mM MgCl2, and 30 degrees C, but this inhibition was overcome by raising the MgCl2 to 6 mM. These results provide additional evidence that regulation of acanthamoeba myosin II occurs at the filament level and that, under most conditions of assay, the heavy chains must be intact and the regulatory serines unphosphorylated for actin activated ATPase activity to be maximally expressed. PMID- 6235226 TI - The DNA polymerase-primase from drosophila melanogaster embryos. Rate and fidelity of polymerization on single-stranded DNA templates. AB - The DNA polymerase activity of the near homogeneous, multisubunit DNA polymerase primase from Drosophila melanogaster embryos has been compared to Escherichia coli DNA polymerase III core, DNA polymerase III, and DNA polymerase III holoenzyme. The rate of deoxynucleotide incorporation by the Drosophila polymerase on singly primed phi X174 DNA is similar to that observed with equivalent levels of DNA polymerase III holoenzyme in the absence of E. coli single-stranded DNA binding protein. However, analysis of the DNA products indicates that the Drosophila polymerase is less processive than DNA polymerase III holoenzyme, and closely resembles DNA polymerase III. The Drosophila polymerase-primase contains neither 3'-5' exonuclease nor RNase H-like activities, and catalyzes no significant pyrophosphate exchange. There is a low level of DNA-dependent ATPase activity which can be eliminated by a second glycerol gradient sedimentation (Kaguni, L.S., Rossignol, J.-M., Conaway, R.C., and Lehman, I.R. (1983) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 80, 2221-2225). Although lacking a 3'-5' exonuclease, the replication fidelity of the D. melanogaster polymerase is similar to that of E. coli DNA polymerase III holoenzyme which possesses such an activity. PMID- 6235227 TI - Ca2+-calmodulin-dependent protein kinase in neuronal nuclei. AB - Ca2+-calmodulin-dependent protein kinase represents a major enzyme activity in neuronal nuclei. Most of the protein kinase activity is associated with the nuclear matrix but it can phosphorylate a broad range of substrates which derive from different nuclear compartments. Notable among these substrates is a Mr = 50,000 component of the nuclear matrix and a high mobility group chromatin protein which behaves like HMG17. The high level of activity, age- and tissue specificity, and sensitivity to low concentrations of calmodulin suggest a role for this Ca2+-calmodulin-dependent protein kinase in regulating neuronal function at the level of the nucleus. PMID- 6235228 TI - Association of phosphofructokinase and aldolase with the membrane of the intact erythrocyte. AB - The binding of phosphofructokinase and aldolase to the membrane of the intact human erythrocyte was assessed by the rapid hemolysis/filtration method of Kliman and Steck (Kliman, H. J., and Steck, T. L. (1980) J. Biol. Chem. 255, 6314-6321). We found that about 50% of the phosphofructokinase was membrane-bound in fresh red cells prior to hemolysis. Binding was not significantly altered by deoxygenation. Approximately 40% of aldolase was membrane-associated in fresh red cells. In outdated, blood-banked red cells, aldolase was 73% membrane-bound while, following metabolic repletion, 40% of the enzyme was membrane-associated. These results support the hypothesis that certain glycolytic enzymes in the red cell are membrane-bound in a rapidly reversible and metabolically sensitive fashion. PMID- 6235229 TI - A comparative study of calcium transients by isotopic tracer, metallochromic indicator, and intrinsic fluorescence in sarcoplasmic reticulum ATPase. AB - Comparative measurements were carried out in order to evaluate the significance of intrinsic fluorescence transients with respect to various steps of the catalytic and transport cycle of sarcoplasmic reticulum ATPase. The enzyme can acquire three levels of intrinsic fluorescence. Level 1 (lowest fluorescence) is observed in the absence of Ca2+ and ATP. Level 2 (highest fluorescence) is induced by Ca2+ through a sequential mechanism including two binding steps interspaced by an isomerization step. This transition occurs more rapidly in the presence of ATP and produces enzyme activation. Level 3 (slightly higher fluorescence than level 1) is observed immediately upon ATP binding (or phosphorylation with Pi) in the absence of Ca2+. When ATP is added to the enzyme X calcium complex, the enzyme is rapidly phosphorylated and the bound calcium is translocated to a position which is protected from La3+ added to the medium. This initial phenomenon is followed by a slow isomerization of the phosphoenzyme which is revealed by a decrease of fluorescence intensity and produces calcium release inside the vesicles before hydrolytic cleavage of the phosphoenzyme. A reaction cycle is considered and subjected to analysis, based on three main enzyme states: E, in the absence of Ca2+; E', in the presence of Ca2+; and *E, subsequent to phosphorylation. PMID- 6235230 TI - The level of DNA interstrand crosslinking in bone marrow parallels the extent of myelosuppression in mice treated with four chloroethylnitrosoureas. AB - This study compares the level of DNA-DNA interstrand crosslinking in murine bone marrow with the decrease in mean number of blood progenitor cells in mice treated with chloroethylnitrosoureas. Male C57BL6 X C3HF1 mice were treated with single IP injections of 1-(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitroso-3-(methylene-carboxamido)-urea (acetamido-CNU), 1,2-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU), 2-[3-(2 chloroethyl)3-nitrosoureido]-beta-D-glucopyranose (chlorozotocin), or 1-(2 hydroxyethyl)-3-(2-chloroethyl)-3-nitrosourea (HECNU). After 16 h three aliquots of pooled bone marrow were assayed for DNA damage in the form of DNA-DNA interstrand crosslinks and myelosuppression in terms of the depletion of granulocyte-committed (CFU-C) and pluripotent (CFU-S) stem cell activity. Both acetamido-CNU and HECNU produced a dose-dependent increase in DNA-DNA interstrand crosslinking, which was paralleled by a marked inhibition of both types of progenitor cells. BCNU and chlorozotocin, however, were much less effective at crosslinking DNA, and were much less myelosuppressive in terms of CFU-C and CFU-S activity. These data suggest a correlation between the degree of myelosuppression at the level of the stem cell and the extent of DNA damage in murine bone marrow. The levels of haematosuppression did not parallel the acute single-dose toxicity in mice but rather reflected the relative antileukaemic activity of these agents. However, the degree of recovery of the stem cell compartments may be more relevant to the clinically important long-term toxicity after single and repeated doses. PMID- 6235231 TI - Mechanism of force production for microtubule-dependent movements. PMID- 6235233 TI - Receptor-mediated transport of IgG. AB - The intestinal epithelium of the neonatal rat is a model system for the study of receptor-mediated endocytosis in which large amounts of IgG are transferred intact across polarized cells. This review summarizes the ultrastructural pathway followed by IgG during cellular transit and several important properties of the membrane receptor that recognizes the IgG. PMID- 6235234 TI - Respective roles of centrosomes and chromatin in the conversion of microtubule arrays from interphase to metaphase. AB - We report the results of studies in which partially purified centrosomes, nuclei, and DNA were injected into frog's eggs, which are naturally arrested in metaphase or interphase. These results have led to an independent assessment of the contributions of the centrosome and the chromatin to the formation of the mitotic spindle and suggest a simple explanation for the transition from interphase to metaphase microtubule arrays. PMID- 6235232 TI - Cytomatrix in chromatophores. PMID- 6235237 TI - Physical therapy for pain relief. PMID- 6235238 TI - High-performance affinity chromatography of plasmin and plasminogen on a hydrophilic vinyl-polymer gel coupled with p-aminobenzamidine. AB - p-Aminobenzamidine was covalently attached via a spacer moiety to a microparticulate hydrophilic vinyl-polymer gel (Toyopearl HW65S) and this affinity adsorbent was used for the separation of plasmin and plasminogen by high performance affinity chromatography. Toyopearl HW65S was alkylated with chloroacetylglycylglycine in dimethyl sulphoxide using methylsulphinyl carbanion as a catalyst, then p-aminobenzamidine was coupled to the carboxyl group of glycylglycine to form an acid amide bond. A column packed with the adsorbent retained both plasmin and plasminogen. Plasminogen was eluted with 6 aminohexanoic acid, a haptenic compound for the lysine-binding sites of plasminogen. For the elution of plasmin, the coexistence of 6-aminohexanoic acid and leupeptin (a competitive inhibitor for plasmin) was necessary. The results indicate a two-site interaction of plasmin with the immobilized ligand, i.e., at the lysine-binding sites and the catalytic site. Fluorometric detection of eluted protein and on-line assay of plasmin activity using a fluorogenic substrate, peptidylmethylcoumarylamide, revealed that effective chromatographic separation of the enzyme could be achieved with high sensitivity (10 micrograms) within 1 h. PMID- 6235236 TI - Concentrations of high-mobility-group proteins in the nucleus and cytoplasm of several rat tissues. AB - Nuclear and cytoplasmic fractions were isolated from various tissues of the rat by a nonaqueous technique. The high-mobility-group (HMG) proteins were extracted from these fractions with acid and separated by one- and two-dimensional PAGE. The concentrations of high-mobility-group proteins HMG1, HMG2, and HMG17 in the nucleus and cytoplasm were then estimated from the staining intensities of the electrophoretic bands. The cytoplasmic concentrations of these proteins were very low--usually less than 1/30 of those present in the corresponding nuclear fractions. For the tissues studied (liver, kidney, heart, and lung), the concentrations of HMG proteins in the nucleus did not differ significantly from one tissue to another. Averaged over the four tissues investigated, there were 0.28 molecule of HMG1, 0.18 molecule of HMG2, and 0.46 molecule of HMG17 per nucleosome. These values are considerably higher than those that have been reported previously. PMID- 6235235 TI - Biosynthesis of heparan sulfate proteoglycan by human colon carcinoma cells and its localization at the cell surface. AB - After 24 h of continuous labeling with radioactive precursors, a high molecular weight heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HS-PG) was isolated from both the medium and cell layer of human colon carcinoma cells (WiDr) in culture. The medium HS-PG eluted from a diethylaminoethyl anion exchange column with 0.45-0.50 M NaCl, had an average density of 1.46-1.49 g/ml on dissociative CsCl density-gradient ultracentrifugation, and eluted from Sepharose CL-2B with a Kav = 0.57. This proteoglycan had an estimated Mr of congruent to 8.5 X 10(5), with glycosaminoglycan chains of Mr = 3 X 10(4) which were all susceptible to HNO2 deaminative cleavage. Deglycosylation of the HS-PG with polyhydrogen fluoride resulted in a 3H-core protein with Mr congruent to 2.4 X 10(5). The cell layer contained a population of HS-PG with characteristics almost identical to that released into the medium but with a larger Mr = 9.5 X 10(5). Furthermore, an intracellular pool contained smaller heparan sulfate chains (Mr congruent to 1 X 10(4)) which were mostly devoid of protein core. In pulse chase experiments, only the large cell-associated HS-PG was released (approximately 58%) into the medium as intact proteoglycan and/or internalized and degraded (approximately 42%), with a t1/2 = 6 h. However, the small intracellular component was never released into the medium and was degraded at a much slower rate. When the cells were subjected to mild proteolytic treatment, only the large cell-associated HS-PG, but none of the small component, was displaced. Addition of exogenous heparin did not displace any HS-PG into the medium. Both light and electron microscopic immunocytochemistry revealed that the cell surface reacted with antibody against an HS-PG isolated from a basement membrane-producing tumor. Electron microscopic histochemistry using ruthenium red and/or cuprolinic blue revealed numerous 10-50 nm diam granules and 70-220-nm-long electron-dense filaments, respectively, on the surface of the tumor cells. The results indicate that colon carcinoma cells synthesize HS-PGs with distinct structural and metabolic characteristics: a large secretory pool with high turnover, which appears to be synthesized as an integral membrane component and localized primarily at the cell surface, and a small nonsecretory pool with low turnover localized predominantly within the cell interior. This culture system offers an opportunity to investigate in detail the mechanisms involved in the regulation of proteoglycan metabolism, and in the establishment of the neoplastic phenotype. PMID- 6235239 TI - Testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone, and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate in hyperandrogenic women. AB - Serum levels of testosterone (T), dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), and DHEA sulfate (DHEA-S) were measured in a group of 285 women with clinical signs of hyperandrogenism (hirsutism and/or acne). Levels of T were elevated in 75.8% of the patients, DHEA in 57.5%, and DHEA-S in 20%. Normal levels of all 3 androgens were found in 13.3%. Significant correlations were demonstrated among levels of all androgens. Only 7.7% of the patients had elevated levels of DHEA in the presence of normal T, and 3.2% had elevated DHEA-S and normal T levels. Subdivision of the study population on the basis of presence of acne, hirsutism, or both demonstrated no significant differences in androgen levels. Amenorrheic women had higher serum T levels than those with menstrual cycles. Women with laparoscopically demonstrated polycystic ovaries had significantly higher serum androgen levels than hyperandrogenic women with no laparoscopic evidence for polycystic ovarian disease. All 285 patients were treated with chronic low dose prednisone therapy. Overall suppression of all 3 androgens occurred in a large proportion of the patients. The pretreatment levels of DHEA or DHEA-S did not predict the responsiveness of T to chronic glucocorticoid therapy. On the other hand, a 2-day dexamethasone (DEX) suppression test quantitatively predicted the degree of T suppression achieved by chronic therapy. An overnight DEX suppression test was considerably less precise for this purpose. In conclusion, chronic low dose prednisone therapy resulted in suppression of serum T levels in a large proportion of women with hyperandrogenism of undetermined cause. The response to therapy could not be predicted on the basis of pretreatment serum DHEA or DHEA-S levels, but was predicted with a 2-day DEX suppression test. PMID- 6235240 TI - Orchiectomy does not selectively increase adrenal androgen concentrations. AB - Prostatic carcinoma is androgen dependent and, therefore, treated by orchiectomy. However, adrenal androgen secretion remains intact after orchiectomy, and several investigators even reported an increase in serum adrenal androgen concentrations after orchiectomy. Such an increase in androgen secretion theoretically could promote tumor recurrence. To investigate this question, we obtained multiple blood samples from 10 men before, within 1 week after, and up to 6 months after orchiectomy for prostatic carcinoma. Serum testosterone concentrations became unmeasurable (less than 40 ng/dl) after orchiectomy. Three of the 10 patients had transient increases of at least 50% in both serum dehydroepiandrosterone (DHA) and cortisol after orchiectomy, presumably due to surgical stress, but mean serum DHA and DHA sulfate (DHAS) did not increase in the group as a whole. Subsequently, serum DHA and DHAS concentrations were similar to preoperative values in all patients. Therefore, we find no evidence to support the hypothesis that adrenal androgen concentrations increase after orchiectomy. PMID- 6235241 TI - Age changes and sex differences in serum dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate concentrations throughout adulthood. AB - In a cross-sectional study, serum dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DS) concentrations were measured in 981 men and 481 women, aged 11-89, yr. The resulting data were asymetrically distributed and were normalized by logarithmic transformation and analyzed by 5-yr age grouping (e.g. 15-19 yr, 20-24 yr, etc.). The DS concentration peaked at age 20-24 yr in men (logarithmic mean, 3470 ng/ml) and at age 15-19 yr in women (log mean, 2470 ng/ml). Mean values then declined steadily in both sexes (log mean at greater than 70 yr of age, 670 ng/ml in men and 450 ng/ml in women) and were significantly higher in men than women at ages from 20-69 yr. Analysis of 517 randomly selected sera (from women) which had been stored frozen for 10-15 yr gave results indistinguishable from values obtained from fresh specimens. In a supplementary study, a longitudinal analysis of weekly specimens from 4 normal men, aged 36-59 yr, revealed individual variability (mean coefficient of variation, 19%) and failed to demonstrate any monthly, seasonal, or annual rhythmicity. Based on the above analyses, a table of normal serum DS ranges for adult men and women is presented for use as a clinical reference. PMID- 6235242 TI - T-cell regulation of IgG subclass expression by mitogen-induced plasma cells: soluble factors versus the T cells. AB - The human IgG subclasses expressed by plasma cells generated from circulating B cells in response to soluble T-cell factors were examined by immunofluorescence using subclass-specific monoclonal antibodies. Soluble T-cell factors were induced by a mixed lymphocyte reaction, pokeweed mitogen (PWM), or phytohemagglutinin. The distribution of IgG subclasses expressed by plasma cells induced by these factors was IgG2 greater than 75%, IgG1 less than 25%, IgG3 less than 1%, and IgG4 less than 1%. On the other hand, IgG1 was dominant when B cells were cultured with T cells and PWM: IgG1 approximately 70%, IgG2 approximately 20%, IgG3 approximately 8%, and IgG4 approximately 1%. The addition of different amounts of the T-cell factors to B cells in culture did not alter the predominance of IgG2 plasma-cell differentiation. These results suggest that T cells and their soluble factors may preferentially enhance terminal differentiation of different IgG B-cell subpopulations. In contrast, the ratio of IgA1 to IgA2 plasma-cell responses was approximately 1.5 to 1 regardless of whether the B-cell precursors were induced by T-cell factors or by the T cells plus PWM. PMID- 6235244 TI - Steroid hormone action in eucaryotic cells. PMID- 6235243 TI - A lymphoproliferative disorder of granular lymphocytes with a novel phenotype and suppressor function. AB - In this study we have identified and characterized an expanded granular lymphocyte population in a patient with anemia and granulocytopenia. Granular lymphocytes were identified through the presence of cytoplasmic azurophilic granules, the dispersed granular pattern of cytochemical staining for acid hydrolases, and the ultrastructural localization of acid phosphatase within the granules. The surface phenotype of the granular lymphocytes was E+, FcR-, Leu 4+, Leu 2+, D 12+ (Leu 15+), OKM1+, and Leu 7+. This phenotype has not been reported previously in patients with similar features. Functional studies on FACS-purified populations showed that the patient's granular lymphocytes responded poorly to T cell mitogens and were inefficient in NK and ADCC assays but exerted a potent suppressor effect on both T-cell proliferation and B-cell differentiation. The phenotype and functions of the expanded granular lymphocyte population correspond to those of a subset of normal E rosette-forming granular lymphocytes. PMID- 6235246 TI - Correlates of the MMPI LB scale in a college population. AB - Administered the Low Back Pain Scale (LB) and the K Scale of the MMPI, the College Schedule of Recent Experience (CSRE), a psychosomatic disorder checklist, and the item, "I frequently have problems with my mother," to 53 male and 70 female college freshmen. Ss with a psychosomatic disorder scored higher on LB and on the CSRE. Females who reported problems with their mothers were more likely to have a psychosomatic disorder. The results suggest different etiology for psychosomatic disorders between males and females. PMID- 6235245 TI - Aspirin inhibits vascular plasminogen activator activity in vivo. Studies utilizing a new assay to quantify plasminogen activator activity. AB - Vascular or tissue-type plasminogen activator (TPA) is a key enzyme in physiologic fibrinolysis. To study the role of prostaglandins in modulating the synthesis and release of TPA in vivo, we prospectively studied the effect of aspirin (650 mg/d X 2) on TPA activity in 13 human subjects before and after 10 min of forearm venous occlusion. TPA activity was quantified by a newly developed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay that both measures and differentiates between TPA and urokinase (UK)-like plasminogen activator activity. This assay is based on the observation that the concentration of alpha 2-plasmin inhibitor-plasmin complexes in Reptilase-clotted plasma increases linearly in proportion to the amount of activator added. Resting TPA activity was higher in women than in men (0.56 +/- 0.59 vs. 0.15 +/- 0.11 U/ml, P = 0.049). Venous occlusion induced an eightfold rise in TPA activity in women (to 4.5 U/ml, P = 0.006) and a 15-fold rise in men (to 2.28 U/ml, P = 0.004), whereas UK activity was not detected. Aspirin inhibited the rise in TPA activity after venous occlusion by 69% in men (P = 0.004) and 70% in women (P = 0.014). In contrast, aspirin had no effect on pre- or post-occlusion hematocrits or Factor VIII-related antigen levels. There was no correlation between plasma salicylate level and percentage inhibition of TPA. Neither exogenous aspirin (0-1 microgram/ml) nor salicylate (0-70 micrograms/ml) inhibited the generation of alpha 2-plasmin inhibitor-plasmin complexes by exogenous TPA or interfered with the assay system. We conclude that aspirin may have an antifibrinolytic effect in man that has not been previously described. PMID- 6235247 TI - Stability and blanching potential of corticosteroid ointments. PMID- 6235248 TI - Plasminogen activators in alcoholic cirrhosis: demonstration of increased tissue type and urokinase type activator. AB - Plasma samples from patients with alcoholic cirrhosis were analysed for plasminogen activators and for inhibitors of the fibrinolytic system. Plasminogen activator activity was considerably increased in patients' plasma compared with normal. Immunochemical characterisation of these plasminogen activators showed that they included both tissue type and urokinase type plasminogen activator. The major inhibitor of plasmin, alpha 2-antiplasmin, was decreased in the patients, but no evidence for the generation of plasmin was found. PMID- 6235250 TI - School children's attitudes towards the handicapped. AB - This study set out to determine the attitude of a group of normal British 13-year old school children towards handicapped people while avoiding problems of previous research. As has been shown in previous studies it was demonstrated that the children's attitudes to the physically handicapped were more positive than those towards the mentally handicapped. Whereas there were very few sex differences indicating that males were more negative to the handicapped in general than females, there were a number of contact differences. Children who knew or interacted with a handicapped person were by-and-large more positive in their attitudes than those who had little or no contact with handicapped people. The results of this study are discussed in terms of the integration of handicapped and non-handicapped school children. PMID- 6235251 TI - [Vaccination against viral hepatitis B: a revolution in preventive medicine]. PMID- 6235249 TI - Gastrointestinal microbleeding associated with the use of etodolac, ibuprofen, indomethacin, and naproxen in normal males. AB - Etodolac, a nonsteroidal antiinflammatory and analgesic drug, was used in a randomized, parallel group, open-label design study, with stool analysis conducted in a blind fashion, to compare its effect in normal men in doses of 400 mg (N = 11) and 600 mg (N = 12) b.i.d. on gastrointestinal microbleeding with that of 600 mg ibuprofen, q.i.d. (N = 12), 50 mg indomethacin in the morning, 50 mg at noon, and 100 mg h.s. (N = 9), and 375 mg naproxen b.i.d. (N = 9). Etodolac was given at about 2 1/2 and 3 1/2 times the mean effective dose used for treating patients with rheumatoid arthritis. The other drugs were given at their manufacturers' maximum recommended doses. Lead-in placebo was given for one week, active drug for one week, and washout placebo for one week. Fecal blood loss was measured by the 51Cr-tagged red cell method, and was averaged over days 4-7 (baseline), 11-14 (treatment period), and 17-20 (washout). The mean increase in blood loss for the treatment period for the 400 mg etodolac b.i.d. group (0.13 ml) and 600 mg etodolac b.i.d. group (0.10 ml) was significantly less (P = 0.001) than the corresponding values for ibuprofen (1.14 ml), indomethacin (1.20 ml), and naproxen (0.87 ml). There was no tendency for greater blood loss at higher doses of etodolac. Etodolac at doses in excess of the mean effective dose in osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis caused significantly less microbleeding in normal male volunteers during the seven-day treatment period than the other drugs tested, and not clinically more than that occurring during baseline placebo. PMID- 6235253 TI - Fourier transform infrared analysis of degree of polymerization in unfilled resins--methods comparison. AB - Two methods of transmission Fourier Transform Infrared analysis were compared to determine the degree of polymerization (DP) in unfilled Bis-GMA-based dental resins. Diluent concentration, curing mode, and activator type were investigated. DP ranged from 55-72% and was highest for the most diluted resins. The effects of polymerization activation mode and type were insignificant. DP was slightly enhanced in the bulk of the resin, as determined by a KBr-pellet technique, in comparison with results from a thin film method, but both techniques seem to provide useful and reproducible results for dental resins. PMID- 6235252 TI - A comparison of the tensile bond strengths of composite resins to longitudinal and transverse sections of enamel prisms in human teeth. AB - The tensile bond strengths of composite resins to transverse and longitudinal sections of enamel prisms etched with phosphoric acid were examined. The tensile bond strengths were 18-19 MPa to the transverse and 10-11 MPa to the longitudinal sections and thus were influenced by the nature of the enamel crystal planes. These facts suggest that composite resin restorations will have a longer life span if the enamel walls are given marginal forms to produce transverse rather than longitudinal sections of enamel prisms. PMID- 6235254 TI - Seborrheic keratoses. PMID- 6235255 TI - The metyrapone test in affective disorders and schizophrenia. AB - The metyrapone test was applied to patients suffering from major depressive illness with melancholia, from mania, and from schizophrenia. Hypoactivity of the HPA axis as assessed by the test appears to occur infrequently in affective disorders and schizophrenia. High normal or exaggerated responses to metyrapone, as observed in Cushing's disease, appear to be correlated to DST non-suppression in melancholia. PMID- 6235256 TI - Renal function and lithium treatment: initial and follow-up tests in manic depressive patients. AB - Assessment of renal function was carried out in an unselected sample of patients with bipolar manic-depressive disorder receiving lithium for an average period of 4.5 years. Overall, glomerular filtration rate (GFR) fell within the established normal range based on sex and age, whereas measures of urinary concentrating ability were generally impaired. There was no relationship between duration of lithium treatment and either GFR or impairment of urinary concentrating ability. Moreover, there was no evidence of a progressive impairment of glomerular or tubular function in patients re-tested after 2 years. The results of this study confirm the safety of lithium administration in the majority of patients and emphasize the importance of careful clinical monitoring to avoid lithium intoxication. PMID- 6235257 TI - Electroencephalogram and neuroendocrine parameters in pubertal and adolescent depressed children. A case report study. AB - EEG sleep recordings and two provocative neuroendocrinological tests (the DST and the GH stimulation test after desipramine) were investigated in two depressed pubertal monozygotic twin boys with Major Depressive Disorder and compared with results from one normal pubertal control boy and an adolescent girl suffering from major depression. REM latency was reduced in the adolescent depressed girl but not in the pubertal depressed twin children when compared to the normal control. Sleep continuity and sleep architecture were, however, disturbed in pubertal and adolescent depression as a function of severity of the depressive state. The results of the DST showed abnormal cortisol values in the most severely depressed twin and in the depressed adolescent. GH secretion after DMI showed a clear GH response in the less depressed twin and in the normal subject while in the depressed adolescent, the GH response was blunted. The findings suggest that REM latency disturbances in our depressed patients do not appear before adolescence, while neuroendocrine dysfunction can already be present in pubertal depression. PMID- 6235258 TI - TRH test abnormalities in psychiatric disorders. AB - Blunted responses to thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) stimulation have been found consistently in depressed patients, and have been reported in other affective disorders as well. In a smaller number of schizophrenic subjects, TRH tests have generally been normal. Thus, it has been suggested that this test may have diagnostic utility in distinguishing schizophrenia from affective disorders. In the present study the TRH test was performed upon a sample of 51 subjects that included 17 schizophrenics in order to further study the diagnostic or symptom specificity of this endocrine test. Abnormal TRH tests were present in both schizophrenic and affectively disturbed patients. There were no correlations with ratings of depression or other aspects of psychopathology. Factors which may have previously obscured abnormal TRH tests in schizophrenia are discussed. PMID- 6235259 TI - Hypersomnia in major depressive disorders. AB - Hypersomnia was experienced by 17 of 102 patients with major depressive disorder. Comparisons between hypersomnic and non-hypersomnic depressives demonstrated significant associations between hypersomnia and increased appetite, weight gain, agitation, headaches, depression in a first-degree relative, and earlier age of illness onset. PMID- 6235260 TI - Chronic depressions. Part 2. Sleep EEG differentiation of primary dysthymic disorders from anxious depressions. AB - In this clinical, psychometric and polysomnographic study, primary dysthymics (N = 20) were compared with anxious depressives (N = 22), and non-psychiatric controls (N = 11). Beck and MMPI depression scores were similar in the two affective groups. Prominent insomnia occurred in 82% of the anxious group; hypersomnia was more characteristic of the dysthymic group. On night 1, the anxious group had the poorest sleep efficiency (P less than 0.001), while dysthymics had the highest REM% (P less than 0.05) and shortest REM latency (P less than 0.01). On night 2, differences tended to be minimized, although the number of awakenings was still high (P less than 0.05) in the anxious group, and REM% was highest (P less than 0.01) and REM latency shortest (P less than 0.01) in the dysthymics. These findings suggest that patients with primary anxiety disorders experience greater sleep continuity difficulties on the adaptation night. Despite significant clinical overlap in depressive symptomatology between the two groups, REM% and REM latency appear as sturdy psychophysiological markers in differentiating primary dysthymics and anxious depressives on both nights. These data suggest that distinct anxious depressive and subaffective dysthymic subtypes can be distinguished within the universe of the atypical depressions. PMID- 6235261 TI - Delusional depression. Phenomenology, Neuroendocrine function, and tricyclic antidepressant response. AB - The authors studied clinical variables, family history, cortisol secretion, and 4 week tricyclic antidepressant response in 13 delusional and 12 non-delusional, hospitalized depressives. Comparison in these parameters between the two groups revealed more family history of depression but less of alcoholism, greater frequency of cortisol hypersecretion, and poorer response to tricyclics in the delusional group. This lack of complete response was found despite full remission of delusions in 84.6% of the delusional subjects. The clinical and theoretical implications of these findings are discussed. PMID- 6235262 TI - Brain density patterns in schizophrenia and mania. AB - Regional brain density as measured by X-ray computed tomography was assessed in young schizophrenic (mean age 29.8 years) and manic (mean age 32.7 years) males in order to determine whether this parameter would distinguish between these groups of patients. Our findings reveal similar patterns of interhemispheric density differences in the two groups but significantly greater overall density among manics for the uppermost brain sections studied (16-24 mm above the slice intercepting the body of the lateral ventricles). Clinical implications of these findings are discussed. PMID- 6235263 TI - Symptomatology of depressive disorder in Turkey. A factor-analytic study of 100 depressed patients. AB - The clinical interview for depression and the Hamilton Rating Scale were administered to a sample of 100 Turkish depressed outpatients who satisfied the research diagnostic criteria for major depression. Ratings were made on a semi structured interview covering 38 items with closely defined anchor points. Historical data relevant to depressive illness were also recorded. Principal component analysis yielded four clinically meaningful factors. The endogenous neurotic dimension emerged as a bipolar factor and the bimodal distribution of patients' scores on this factor indicated two distinct groups. The results were compared with other factor-analytic studies and cross-cultural differences were discussed. PMID- 6235264 TI - Appetite and weight change in patients presenting with depressive illness. AB - Appetite and weight in 193 moderately depressed outpatients who satisfied Feighner's criteria for a primary depressive episode were found to be strongly associated with previous appetite and weight history. There was no overall association between weight change and severity of depression, nor with the classical features of endogenous depression, such as early morning waking and morning worsening of mood. Appetite change in either direction was, however, associated with a more severe degree of depression on the Hamilton and Beck scales. Normal appetite changes in response to stress occur in an exaggerated way in this depressive illness. PMID- 6235265 TI - 'Maternity blues' and hormone levels in saliva. AB - Psychological symptoms were monitored for 5 days post partum, and specimens of saliva were taken for assays of cortisol, progesterone and oestradiol. Of 40 normal primiparous mothers, the 5 who experienced most severe 'maternity blues' were matched with 5 who were symptom-free. On the day of symptoms, concentrations of progesterone and oestradiol were significantly higher in the experimental group (P less than 0.02 and less than 0.05, respectively), but mean cortisol concentrations did not differ between the groups. This pilot study has demonstrated the potential value of using a non-invasive technique (obtaining specimens of saliva) in conjunction with determinations of a predictable mood change. PMID- 6235266 TI - Plan for the handicapped. PMID- 6235268 TI - Fragile chromosomes in a family. PMID- 6235267 TI - The agoraphobic dental patient: report of case. AB - Agoraphobia is considered to be the most common, yet distressing, phobia for adult phobic patients. Little has been written concerning the identification, problems, and treatment of dental disease in the agoraphobic patient. After a review of the clinical features, epidemiology, causes, and medical treatment of the syndrome, a case study is presented, showing how dental treatment can be a valuable part of the behavioral treatment of this patient. PMID- 6235269 TI - Alterations of drug-induced toxicity in the mouse lymphoma assay by a rat hepatic microsomal metabolizing system (S-9). AB - Large differences in induced cellular toxicity were observed in the presence or absence of a rat liver microsomal metabolizing system (S-9) during drug testing in the mouse lymphoma assay. After studying the fate of three drugs in this test system, several mechanisms were demonstrated whereby S-9 reduced cellular toxicity. For N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)retinamide (HPR), fenoctimine sulfate and methyl palmoxirate, the drug concentrations (EC50) in the presence of S-9 were, respectively, 11.5, 14.3 and 4.1 times the concentrations required to achieve comparable levels of toxicity in the absence of S-9. HPR was metabolized by the S 9 and sequestered in the microsomal membranes. This was associated with a marked reduction in the cellular accumulation of the drug. The reduced toxicity of fenoctimine sulfate in the presence of S-9 was associated with extensive biotransformation to polar metabolites. This was accompanied by a reduction of radioactivity associated with the cells from 5.7% to 0.4% of the administered drug. Methyl palmoxirate was rapidly converted to its acid, palmoxirate, by horse serum enzymes present in the treatment medium. This provides an example of metabolism by a test system component other than the S-9 or lymphoma cells. The reduced toxicity of this drug in the presence of S-9 was attributed to further metabolism of palmoxirate and a reduction of the proportion of total radioactivity associated with the cells from 3.1% to 0.4%. These results emphasize the need for pilot toxicity studies, especially when components of the test system are varied, to assess the effect of drug concentration on the toxic response.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6235271 TI - Management of dental patients requiring anticonvulsant medications. PMID- 6235270 TI - Occurrence of a nonplasmid-located determinant for gentamicin resistance in strains of Staphylococcus aureus. AB - The occurrence of resistance to gentamicin in strains of Staphylococcus aureus with different phage patterns in two hospitals is described. The data suggest transfer of gentamicin resistance between different strains. In the strains investigated the determinant for resistance to gentamicin (parallel resistance to kanamycin and tobramycin) is located on the chromosome. The transfer of this resistance determinant in a mixed culture of donor and recipient cells in vitro is mediated by transduction because it is dependent upon lysogenicity of the donor for a serogroup-B phage and because it can be inhibited by gamma-globulin. The transfer is always associated with lysogenization of the recipient cells by this phage. PMID- 6235272 TI - Gerodontics. PMID- 6235273 TI - The hospital: a valuable adjunct to dental education. PMID- 6235274 TI - Current concepts of pre-medication and anesthesiological management for the pediatric patient who is hospitalized for dento-oral rehabilitation. PMID- 6235275 TI - Survey of dental needs in hospitalized chronically ill patients. PMID- 6235276 TI - A strategy for implementing a dental health education program for pediatrics in a hospital setting. PMID- 6235277 TI - An outline proposal for a hospital based continuing education course: pediatric operating room dentistry--an interdisciplinary approach. PMID- 6235278 TI - Isotype-specificity of helper T cell clones: Fc alpha receptors regulate T and B cell collaboration for IgA responses. PMID- 6235279 TI - Surface molecules involved in self-recognition and T cell activation in the autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction. AB - Although the importance of T cell lineage-specific surface glycoproteins and MHC gene products in soluble-, viral-, and alloantigen-stimulated immune responses has been well characterized, those involved in autoreactivity are less defined. To address this issue, we examined the ability of monoclonal antibodies to influence the autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction (AMLR). Here we show that both monoclonal anti-T3 and several monoclonal anti-T4 antibodies profoundly inhibited the autoreactivity of unseparated T cells, isolated T4+ cells, and isolated T8+ cells (cultured in the presence of irradiated T4 cells). Furthermore, monoclonal anti-T8 antibodies markedly inhibited the reactivity of the T8 cells co-cultured with irradiated T4 cells, only partially inhibited the proliferative response of unseparated T cells, and had no effect on the T4 cell AMLR responsiveness. Monoclonal antibodies against class II MHC (Ia) antigenic determinants blocked the AMLR between non-T cells and any of the above responder populations; in contrast, monoclonal anti-class I (HLA-A, B, C) antibodies inhibited the response of T8+ cells but not of isolated T4+ cells. These data support the notion that T4 and T8 antigens serve, respectively, as associative recognition elements for class II and class I MHC antigens during the AMLR, and further suggest that interactions involving non-T cell determinants and the T3-Ti- T cell antigen receptor complex are important in autologous reactivity. PMID- 6235280 TI - Evidence implicating I region-restricted antigen presentation in alloantigen and nominal antigen recognition by a dual-reactive helper T lymphocyte clone. AB - A helper T lymphocyte clone, designated A10, was generated from spleen cells of a B10.A mouse and demonstrated reactivity to both the nominal protein antigen hen egg ovalbumin (OVA) presented by I-Ak-bearing antigen-presenting cells (APC) and irradiated I-As-bearing spleen cells in the absence of OVA. A stimulatory signal was delivered to the cloned cells by syngeneic spleen cells that were exposed to OVA and then fixed with paraformaldehyde. However, paraformaldehyde-fixed allogeneic spleen cells that bear the I-As determinant recognized by a monoclonal antibody (mAb) were unable, by themselves, to stimulate the A10 cells. The inability of fixed allogeneic spleen cells to stimulate was rectified by the addition of irradiated I-Ak-positive spleen cells, suggesting that at least in this situation, alloantigen must be presented to the alloreactive A10 cells. Further evidence supporting this proposal for class II-restricted presentation of alloantigen included the observations that 1) irradiated I-Ak-negative spleen cells were unable to present the fixed H-2s spleen cells, 2) the anti-I-As mAb blocked the stimulatory signals delivered by irradiated H-2s spleen cells and by fixed H-2s spleen cells plus irradiated syngeneic spleen cells, 3) some anti-I-Ak mAb preparations were able to inhibit stimulation by OVA and by fixed H-2s spleen cells plus irradiated syngeneic spleen cells, and 4) an anti-L3T4a mAb effectively blocked all three stimulatory signals. These data suggested that alloreactivity can be mediated by an antigen-presentation process similar to that proposed for nominal peptide antigen presentation, and that alloantigen in the form of paraformaldehyde-fixed allogeneic spleen cells is recognized in the context of self-determinants before a stimulatory signal can be delivered. PMID- 6235281 TI - The allogeneic effect: the mechanism of allosuppression by Lyt-1, Ia- T cells. AB - The kinetics of allohelp mediated by diffusable factors revealed that help by nonirradiated T cells (TOR) peaked at 48 to 72 hr, followed by a sharp decline if the T cells remained in the cultures. The temporal decrease in help after 72 hr was not mediated by suppressor lymphokines because mixtures of early (24 to 48 hr) and late (120-hr) allogeneic supernatants enhanced help synergistically. Lyt 1, Ia- T cells mediated the temporal decline in help and suppressed allogeneic B cell activation in co-cultures, and this "down-regulatory" activity (allosuppression) was radiosensitive. Help by irradiated T cells (T1000R) increased gradually until it plateaued between 96 and 120 hr. The helper activities of the allogeneic supernatants were directly proportional to their T cell growth factor (TCGF) activities. In addition, their kinetics were identical, and the removal of TCGF from 48-hr allogeneic supernatants by adsorption with TCGF-dependent HT-2 cells depleted both helper and TCGF activities. Help was restored to depleted 48-hr and 120-hr allogeneic supernatants by preparations of TCGF obtained from concanavalin A (Con A)-stimulated FS6-14.13 hybridoma cells that were adsorbed with lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated B cells or normal spleen cells (NS), but not with HT-2 cells. These results indicate that allohelp is dependent on TCGF. Moreover, help was dependent on at least one factor in addition to TCGF, because a high level of synergy occurred between TCGF and the "help-deficient" 120-hr allogeneic supernatant. In conclusion, the mechanism whereby Lyt-1, Ia- T cells regulated B cell activation with positive and negative allogeneic effects was through the production and subsequent exhaustion of TCGF, respectively. The production of TCGF and help was radioresistant, but exhaustion of TCGF and suppression was radiosensitive. PMID- 6235282 TI - A comparison of the stimulatory activities of lymphoid dendritic cells and macrophages in T proliferative responses to various antigens. AB - The identities of murine accessory cells and the mechanism by which they process antigen and stimulate T cell proliferation have been examined with cell separation techniques and specific agents to block antigen catabolism. Using preparations of splenic dendritic cells (DC) and macrophages (M phi) with minimal cross-contamination, we found that only DC could induce syngeneic mixed leukocyte reaction (MLR), whereas both DC and M phi could initiate allogeneic MLR. This observation may have significant implications for syngeneic MLR as a manifestation of self Ia recognition, and for the cell type that defines self Ia during ontogeny. DC and M phi could present soluble antigens such as purified protein derivative of tuberculin (PPD) and Salmonella flagellin about equally well to antigen-specific T cell lines. M phi, however, were much more effective than the non-phagocytic DC at inducing T cell proliferation to whole Corynebacterium parvum organisms. These differences could not be attributed to differences in antigen uptake. The results suggest that the bacteria must be ingested and processed by phagocytes before T cell activation. Using the lysosomotropic agent chloroquine to inhibit antigen catabolism in accessory cells, we found that the presentation of large antigens by M phi and DC was abolished by chloroquine treatment, whereas T cell activation by antigens (such as PPD or integral membrane Ia for MLR) that apparently required no processing was relatively insensitive to chloroquine. Thus, in addition to differences between cells, discrete functions within each cell type can also be distinguished. PMID- 6235283 TI - Fc receptors for mouse IgG1 on human monocytes: polymorphism and role in antibody induced T cell proliferation. AB - In previous studies, it was shown that there is polymorphism in the mitogenic effect of mouse IgG1 monoclonal antibodies against the T3 antigen of human T cells. This polymorphism implies that IgG1 anti-T3 antibodies are not mitogenic for T cells from 30% of healthy individuals. The present results demonstrate that this polymorphism is caused by polymorphism of an Fc receptor for mouse IgG1, present on human monocytes. The Fc receptor for murine IgG1 could be detected by a newly developed rosetting assay on monocytes from all individuals responsive to the mitogenic effect of IgG1 anti-T3 antibodies. This Fc receptor was not detectable on monocytes from those individuals exhibiting no mitogenic responses to IgG1 anti-T3 monoclonal antibodies. Cross-linking of T3 antigens appears to be essential for antibody-induced mitosis of T cells, because mononuclear cells that did not proliferate in response to WT 31 (an IgG1 antibody against T3 antigen) showed a proliferative response to Sepharose beads coated with WT 31. The Fc receptor--if functionally present--may be involved in the cross-linking of T3 antigens through anti-T3 antibodies. Further evidence for the involvement of this Fc receptor in antibody-induced T cell proliferation was provided by inhibition studies. Immune complexes containing IgG1 antibodies were able to inhibit the proliferative response to IgG1 anti-T3 antibodies. This inhibition by immune complexes appears to be mediated through the monocyte Fc receptor for mouse IgG1. These findings are important for the interpretation of previously described inhibitory effects of anti-T cell monoclonal antibodies on T cell proliferation, and show that such inhibitory effects may be monocyte-mediated (via immune complexes) rather than caused by a direct involvement of the respective T cell antigens in T cell mitosis. The Fc receptor for mouse IgG1 plays a role in antibody-induced T cell proliferation. Its polymorphism may have important implications for the therapeutic use of IgG1 monoclonal antibodies. PMID- 6235284 TI - Isolation and functional characteristics of FcR+ and FcR- human monocyte subsets. AB - Human peripheral blood monocytes (M phi) were separated into Fc receptor positive (FcR+) and FcR- subsets by rosetting with O,Rh+ human erythrocytes coated with IgG anti-D antibody, followed by density gradient centrifugation and adherence. The FcR+M phi suppressed PHA- and PPD-induced lympho-proliferation and also exhibited a strong cytostatic effect against tumor cell lines in vitro, but were a poor source of antigen-presenting cells. In contrast, the FcR- subset did not cause suppression but was highly active in the presentation of PPD to T cells and in stimulation of both allogeneic mixed lymphocyte reaction (allo-MLR) and autologous (auto-MLR). PWM-induced immunoglobulin secretion in vitro was greatly enhanced by the FcR- but not the FcR+ subset. Nevertheless, both FcR+ and FcR- subsets showed comparable HLA-DR antigen expression. These results indicate that human M phi, like lymphocytes, may consist of several subsets that differ significantly in their immunologic functions. PMID- 6235285 TI - Alterations in Fc receptor function of macrophages from streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. AB - The presence of elevated levels of circulating immune complexes in diabetic humans and animals suggests impaired phagocyte function. To evaluate FcR-mediated phagocytosis, resident peritoneal macrophages were harvested from control, streptozotocin-induced diabetic, and insulin-treated diabetic rats. FcR number and avidity were determined from Scatchard analysis of binding of 125I-labeled aggregated rat IgG (ARG) to macrophages. The total and fractional catabolic capacity were determined by quantitating the digestion of ARG as a percent of the total ARG added and as a percent of ARG bound. Insulin-deficient diabetic rats had an increase in the number of FcR per cell (26.8 +/- 3.5 X 10(4)) as compared with control animals (13.1 +/- 1.2 X 10(4)) (p less than 0.01). In contrast, insulin-treated diabetic animals had a reduction in the number of FcR per cell (9.8 +/- 1.4 X 10(4)) (p less than 0.01). FcR of macrophages from insulin deficient diabetic rats had a lower avidity (Kd = 6.9 +/- 1.8 X 10(-10)M) when compared with control (3.7 +/- 0.6 X 10(-10)M) and insulin-treated diabetic rats (3.6 +/- 0.9 X 10(-10)M) (p less than 0.01). Total catabolism of ARG by macrophages from both insulin-deficient and insulin-treated diabetic rats was reduced (31.0% +/- 3.4 and 17.5% +/- 3, respectively) when compared with controls (49.6% +/- 5.2) (p less than 0.01). Fractional catabolism by macrophages from insulin-deficient diabetic rats was significantly reduced (21% +/- 1.9 and 4.6% +/- 0.9/10(4) FcR) when compared with results from control rats (26% +/- 1.3 and 6.7% +/- 0.7/10(4) FcR) (p less than 0.01), whereas the results from insulin treated diabetic rats (32% +/- 2.4 and 10.8% +/- 1.0/10(4) FcR) (p less than 0.01) were greater than those from controls. These studies demonstrate that FcR mediated phagocytosis of soluble, "model" immune complexes is impaired in macrophages from both insulin-deficient and insulin-treated diabetic rats; however, different mechanisms account for this impairment in phagocytosis. Despite an increase in FcR number of macrophages from insulin-deficient diabetic rats, the depression of post-receptor-mediated catabolism results in a net depression in phagocytic activity. In contrast, macrophages from insulin-treated diabetic rats display augmented post-receptor-mediated catabolism; however, this does not overcome the low initial binding of ARG to the cell that results from the depression of FcR number. PMID- 6235286 TI - Depressed interleukin 2 receptor expression in acquired immune deficiency and lymphadenopathy syndromes. AB - Because interleukin 2 (IL 2) production and IL 2 receptor (IL 2R) expression are essential steps in T cell proliferation, we undertook to measure these parameters, as defects in one or both seemed likely to account for the reduced proliferative response to mitogen in acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and lymphadenopathy syndrome (LAS). Reduced proliferative responses to PHA are a well established feature of AIDS with opportunistic infection (AIDS-OI), AIDS with Kaposi's sarcoma (AIDS-KS), and LAS patient groups. IL 2R expression was significantly reduced in both AIDS groups; a similar trend was observed with the LAS group. Mean levels of IL 2 in culture supernatants for the three patient groups, however, did not significantly differ from controls. IL 2R expression was significantly correlated with proliferation and the Th:Ts ratio in the AIDS-OI and LAS groups, and a good correlation between proliferation and the Th:Ts ratio was also observed. The AIDS-KS group, in contrast, showed no significant correlations between IL 2R expression, proliferation, or Th:Ts ratio. IL 2 levels did not correlate with any of these parameters in any of the patient groups. These findings indicated that poor T cell proliferative responses to mitogen (PHA) are intrinsically related to decreased IL 2R expression in AIDS-OI and LAS. In AIDS-KS, however, a statistically significant correlational relationship between these altered immune parameters is not apparent. PMID- 6235288 TI - Characterization of the La (SS-B) antigen from several mammalian sources. AB - The La or SS-B antigen is associated with rheumatic diseases, systemic lupus erythematosus, and Sjogren's syndrome, and is part of a larger ribonucleoprotein complex. Immunoaffinity chromatography allowed for the efficient separation of the La antigen from the bulk of the cellular proteins, with a minimum of protease exposure. Protein blot analysis of the affinity-isolated material indicated a major immunoreactive polypeptide of 50,000 m.w. A comparison of this antigen in a number of mammalian sources (human, rabbit, and rat) suggested strong conservation of the native polypeptide m.w. Likewise, in a direct comparison of this antigen from Epstein-Barr virus-infected cells in which there are distinct differences in the antigen-associated RNA species, the immunoreactive polypeptide species were of similar size. The La protein is readily susceptible to endogenous proteolysis, with the resulting generation of smaller, discrete polypeptides that still retain antigenicity. By using the La protein to monitor potential degradation, we have developed a simple two-step procedure to isolate the La associated snRNP complex. The complexes thus isolated provide material suitable as a source of both the active antigen and of the functional ribonucleoprotein complex. PMID- 6235287 TI - Growth of a cloned helper T cell line induced by a monoclonal antibody specific for the antigen receptor: interleukin 1 is required for the expression of receptors for interleukin 2. AB - By using as an experimental system the induction of growth of a cloned, antigen:Ia-reactive helper T cell line by an antigen receptor-specific monoclonal antibody, we demonstrated that growth requires two essential co-factors, exogenously produced IL 1 and endogenously produced IL 2. The primary role of the IL 1 is in the expression of receptors on the T cell surface for IL 2, rather than for promoting the synthesis of IL 2. The use of a clone-specific activating monoclonal antibody at nanogram amounts to activate a cloned helper T cell should allow a detailed characterization of T cell activation via antigen receptor cross linking. PMID- 6235289 TI - Characterization of murine lymphocyte IgE receptors by flow microfluorometry. AB - A flow microfluorometric technique has been developed to analyze IgE receptors on splenic and mesenteric lymph node mononuclear cells from BALB/c mice. Our data show that 1) the binding of DIBADL cross-linked IgE dimers to IgE receptors is specific in that it is inhibited by monomeric rat and mouse IgE but not by mouse or rabbit IgG or by the monoclonal anti-Fc gamma R antibody 2.4G2, and conversely, the binding of DIBADL cross-linked IgG dimers is inhibited by monomeric IgG or 2.4G2 but not by rat or mouse IgE; 2) the binding of IgE dimers is saturable on cells from uninfected and Nippostrongylus brasiliensis (Nb) infected mice; 3) IgE dimer binding is detectable on most splenic B lymphocytes from uninfected and Nb-infected mice, but not on T lymphocytes from uninfected mice, and on few, if any, T lymphocytes from Nb-infected mice; 4) Nb infection causes a parallel increase in the percentages of B lymphocytes and cells expressing IgE receptors and Fc gamma R; 5) Nb infection leads to a marked increase in B lymphocyte IgE receptor expression, has little if any effect on IgE receptor affinity, and causes only minor changes in Fc gamma R expression; and 6) in vivo activation of B lymphocytes by a goat antibody to mouse IgD decreases IgE receptor expression considerably, but has a minimal effect on Fc gamma R expression. Thus, there are separate receptors for IgE and IgG on murine B lymphocytes, and the effect of Nb infection or anti-IgD treatment on their expression is different. PMID- 6235290 TI - Heterologous antibody responses in mice with chronic T. cruzi infection: depressed T helper function restored with supernatants containing interleukin 2. AB - Antibody production to sheep erythrocytes (SRBC) or hapten-conjugated SRBC (TNP SRBC) was studied in mice with chronic Trypanosoma cruzi infections. Studies in vivo demonstrated that both IgM and IgG anti-SRBC responses were suppressed during chronic infection. Secondary IgG responses were suppressed regardless of whether the primary immunization was given before or after infection. The ability of cells from infected mice to provide help for antibody production was examined in vitro. Anti-SRBC responses were restored to cultures of whole spleen cells from infected mice by the addition of interleukin 2 (IL 2)-rich supernatants, indicating that these cells were capable of antibody production when sufficient help was provided. T cells from SRBC-primed infected mice were unable to provide significant help to normal B cell/M phi cultures for in vitro anti-TNP or anti SRBC responses. The percentages of Thy-1+, Lyt-1+, and Lyt-2+ spleen cells were not significantly different between normal and infected mice. Anti-TNP and anti SRBC responses were restored to cultures that contained T cells from infected mice and normal B cell/M phi by the addition of IL 2-rich spleen cell supernatants. The suppression of in vitro antibody responses in mice with chronic T. cruzi infections was associated with a lack of T cell help, which was provided by exogenous spleen cell supernatant. PMID- 6235291 TI - Interaction of reovirus with cell surface receptors. IV. The reovirus type 3 receptor is expressed predominantly on murine Lyt-2,3+ and human T8+ cells. AB - Reovirus type 3 binds to approximately 20% of murine and human T cells via the viral hemagglutinin, a small outer capsid polypeptide. By using purified viral particles as a ligand in a standard plate separation technique, we have been able to enrich human peripheral blood and murine splenic T cells for reovirus receptor positive cells (reovirus 3+) to levels of 88 to 92%. Analysis of reovirus 3+ T cells with monoclonal antibodies that identify inducer and suppressor/cytotoxic cells demonstrated that in the mouse, 68% of reovirus 3+ cells were Lyt-2+, and in the human, 60% were T8+. In reciprocal experiments, when subpopulations of murine and human T cells were prepared with the use of monoclonal anti-T cell reagents, 16% of Lyt-1+ and 81% of Lyt-2+ cells bound reovirus, whereas 30% of T4+ and 65% of T8+ cells bound reovirus. To determine whether reovirus type 3 identified a functional as well as a phenotypic category of cells, an antigen specific cytotoxic T cell assay was employed. There was complete loss of cytotoxic activity in the reovirus 3+ cell population and slight enhancement of cytotoxic activity in the cell population from which reovirus 3+ cells were removed. This suggested that reovirus was binding to functionally active suppressor cells. Furthermore, adoptive transfer of antigen-specific T cells that were enriched for reovirus 3+ cells demonstrated suppression of cytoxic T cell activity. These results suggest that reovirus type 3 may identify a structure common to a subclass of murine and human T cells and that by using the virus as a natural biologic probe for cell surface receptors, one may be able to functionally segregate murine cytotoxic from suppressor T cells. PMID- 6235292 TI - Enzyme immunoassay with high sensitivity and accuracy for specific antibody to neocarzinostatin. AB - A quantitative enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for specific antibody to neocarzinostatin (NCS) is described which uses enzyme-labeled anti-rabbit IgG antibody, solid phase NCS and standard purified specific antibody to NCS. The dose of the standard was determined by sandwich EIA for rabbit IgG. The lower detection limit was 3 ng of the specific antibody per tube. The accuracy of the assay was excellent and a comparative study with the sandwich EIA for rabbit IgG showed good correlation. The antiserum to NCS of the highest titer was found to contain 0.6 mg and 40 mg per ml of specific antibody to NCS and of normal IgG, respectively. The accuracy of the assay results and the purity of the standard was established by 2 recovery tests for anti-NCS antibody. PMID- 6235294 TI - Passive/active immunization against hepatitis B. AB - No differences in eventual immune-response rates were found between 325 subjects immunized passively/actively against hepatitis B and a control group of 108 subjects vaccinated only actively. The geometric mean titers of antibodies to hepatitis B surface antigen were nearly identical in controls and in a group of 87 individuals immunized passively/actively with the same vaccine lot. Lower geometric mean titers of antibodies to hepatitis B surface antigen were seen in 238 individuals who were vaccinated passively/actively with a different vaccine lot, a difference that may be explained by a somewhat lower immunogenicity in this particular lot. The mean half-life of hepatitis B immunoglobulin was calculated as 24.8 days, and in approximately 90% of vaccines 300,000 mIU of hepatitis B immunoglobulin provided protection until an active immune response had developed. PMID- 6235293 TI - An unusual case of malignant lymphoma with skin and renal involvement. PMID- 6235295 TI - [Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with dilatation of the left ventricle and congestive heart failure: comparison with postmyocarditis cardiomegaly and hypertensive heart failure]. AB - In a total of 114 cases of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), four cases were regarded to have dilated left ventricle and congestive heart failure. History of myocardial infarction was not present, and significant narrowing of coronary arteries was not detected in each case. The clinical manifestations were analyzed in the light of the differentiation from postmyocarditis cardiomyopathy (PMC: three cases) and hypertensive heart disease ( HHD : five cases). Representative case was a 47-year-old man with HCM, who showed congestive heart failure developed gradually over the last 20 years. The cardiothoracic ratio increased from 57% to 64% and high voltage of the precordial leads noted initially decreased gradually with normalization of ST-T changes. Meanwhile, a new abnormal Q wave appeared in aVL. The echocardiographic findings at the age of 47 were asymmetric septal hypertrophy and left ventricular enlargement. Myocardial biopsy of the right ventricle done at the same period revealed the marked progression of interstitial fibrosis as compared with that of 15 years ago. Clinical pictures demonstrated that PMC patients were younger than HCM or HHD patients. Abnormal Q waves were observed in three cases of HCM. In the remaining one, the Q wave was not discernible due to superimposed complete left bundle branch block. No abnormal Q waves were observed in cases of PMC and HHD . A high voltage of the left precordial leads with marked ST-T changes suggesting left ventricular hypertrophy was not seen in HCM with dilated left ventricle and HHD . Echocardiographically, the systolic anterior motion was absent in all cases. The left ventricular posterior wall in PMC and HHD was equally hypertrophied both at the apex and base, whereas in three of four cases of HCM, the apical region of the posterior wall was disproportionately hypertrophied. All cases of HCM and PMC showed asymmetric septal hypertrophy, while all the HHD cases except one showed concentric hypertrophy. In HCM, left ventricular end-diastolic dimension and left atrial dimension were increased to 60.0 +/- 6.1 mm and 45.3 +/- 9.4 mm, respectively, which were not different from those of PMC and HHD . Isometric relaxation time was prolonged to 100 msec or more in all cases of HCM, while in only one case of PMC it was prolonged and no prolongation was observed in HHD . Left ventricular wall motion revealed asynergy mainly at the hypertrophic apical area in HCM and PMC, whereas asynergy was found at the hypertrophic area, which was mostly apical, and also in the area without hypertrophy in HHD .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6235296 TI - [Echocardiographic evaluation of cardiac involvement in patients with chronic alcoholism]. AB - Since chronic alcoholics may accompany with asymmetric septal hypertrophy (ASH), the purpose of this study was to find the difference in cardiac function of such cases from the patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Ninety-seven alcoholic patients (59 non-cirrhotics and 38 cirrhotics) were examined by non-invasive methods including two-dimensional echocardiography and dye dilution method, and these data were compared with those of 16 normal subjects and 26 patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. The results were as follows: Interventricular septal thickness of more than 12 mm was observed in 25.4% of the non-cirrhotics and 28.9% of the cirrhotics. Furthermore, ASH was present in 23.7% of the former and 18.4% of the latter, when ASH was defined as the septal to posterior wall ratio greater than 1.3 with the interventricular septal thickness greater than or equal to 12 mm. In 66.7% of the chronic alcoholics with ASH, hypertrophy was predominantly located in the septum, however 53.8% of the patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy had ASH in association with the thickened left ventricular posterior wall. In 21 chronic alcoholics with ASH, ejection indices such as ejection fraction and mean VCF were moderately increased, although scattered widely, as compared with those of the normal subjects. Latent reduced ventricular function compensated by sympathetic overactivity was postulated based on left ventricular performance maintained normally as indicated by a decrease of end-systolic wall stress. Several possible factors including hypertension, catecholamine and metabolic abnormalities were analyzed to explain the genesis of ASH in chronic alcoholics, but the true etiology remained unknown. In conclusion, ASH associated with chronic alcoholism is a type characteristic of alcoholic cardiomyopathy, and seems to belong to a clinical entity different from hypertrophic cardiomyopathy from a standpoint of clinical symptoms, age and the pattern of left ventricular hypertrophy. PMID- 6235297 TI - [Correlation between the nuclear DNA content and clinico-pathological malignant indices in cases with resected lung cancer]. PMID- 6235298 TI - [Primary structure and function of proton-translocating ATPase of Escherichia coli]. PMID- 6235299 TI - [Aromatization of C-19 steroid in human fetal liver tissue]. AB - In this study we examined whether or not human fetal liver has the ability to aromatize various C-19 steroids to estrone, estradiol and estriol. The human fetal liver homogenate (1g in 10ml of 0.1 M-phosphate buffer) was incubated with the labelled C-19 steroids ([7-3H]-DHEA,-DHEAS, -A:10 microCi, [4-14C]-A:3 microCi) and NADPH at 37 degrees C for 2h in air. [14C]-E1,-E2,-E3 or [3H]-E1, E2,-E3 (1 x 10(4)dpm, 250 micrograms) were added as tracers after the addition of 3 volumes of ethanol, respectively. E1,E2 and E3 produced were decided by submission to extraction with ethyl acetate, Bio-Rad AG1-X2 resin column chromatography, thin layer chromatography and then co-crystallization to constant specific activity and the 3H/14C ratio. The yield of isolated E1,E2 and E3 were calculated from the 3H/14C ratio of the final crystal. Consequently, DHEA was transformed to 0.78 pmol E1/h/g, 0.14 pmol E2/h/g and 0.18 pmol E3/h/g in human fetal liver, respectively. E1,E2 and E3 were converted from DHEAS to 0.04 pmol/h/g, under 1 fmol/h/g and 0.04 pmol/h/g, respectively. A was transformed to 17.5 pmol E1/h/g, 26.6 pmol E2/h/g and under 1 fmol E3/h/g, respectively. These results indicate that human fetal liver is able to aromatize C-19 steroid to estrogens. PMID- 6235301 TI - The use of Depo-Provera in the treatment of sex offenders. The legal issues. PMID- 6235300 TI - [Analysis of the high risk factors of endometrial adenocarcinoma--abnormal excretion in urinary steroids in androgen sterilized rats]. AB - We experimentally produced spontaneous endometrial carcinoma in anovulatory sterilized Sprague-Dawley rats (ASR) after 500 days of age and compared the 24 hour urinary steroid excretion patterns in ASR with those in normal control rats (NR). The results obtained were as follows: The 24 hours urinary 17-ketosteroid, 11-deoxy-17-ketosteroid and 11-oxy-17-ketosteroid levels of 500-day-old ASR were 127.5 micrograms/day, 73.4 micrograms/day and 54.1 micrograms/day which were 1/3, 2/5 and 1/3 of the same aged NR, respectively. Although the 24 hour urinary androsterone, etiocholanolone and dehydroepiandrosterone of 100-day-old ASR were significantly higher than those of the same aged NR, the seven fractionated 17 ketosteroid levels of 500-day-old ASR were lower than those of NR. Moreover, the urinary androsterone, etiocholanolone and 11-ketoetiocholanolone of 500-day-old ASR were significantly lower than those of NR. The total excretion of tetrahydrocortisol, tetrahydrocortisone and tetrahydrocorticosterone of 100- and 500-day-old ASR were 318 micrograms/day and 244 micrograms/day which were slightly higher levels than those of NR. And the urinary tetrahydrocortisol level of ASR was found to be higher than that of NR. The present results suggested that an abnormality in androgen metabolism of ASR relative to NR was one of the high risk factors in endometrial carcinogenesis in ASR. PMID- 6235302 TI - Sacroiliac joint dysfunction and low back pain in school aged children. AB - Back pain is known to be very common in adults, but the prevalence in children is unknown. Furthermore, the prevalence of sacroiliac dysfunction, and its relationship to back pain has not been previously studied. In this study, we found a high percentage of school aged children had sacroiliac dysfunction and low-back pain. PMID- 6235303 TI - Back pain in dentists. AB - An epidemiologic survey was made of the prevalence of back pain in a sample of 172 dentists in the Province of Saskatchewan. In addition, demographic, postural and other variables were studied to determine their effect on back pain. The overall prevalence of back pain in the sample was 57 percent, while the prevalence of low-back pain was 35.5 percent. A significant number of back pain sufferers indicated recurrent or constant pain, and many dentists reported practice as an aggravating factor. PMID- 6235304 TI - The functional radiographic examination of patients with low-back pain: a study of different forms of variations. AB - Abnormal intervertebral motion has been shown to occur frequently in patients with low-back pain. Various roentgenographic procedures have been used for evaluating normal and abnormal spinal biomechanics. The main aim of this study has been to evaluate the measurement accuracy and the sources of variation in a single-plane functional radiographic study of lumbar intervertebral motion in patients with low-back pain. Analysis of variance was made for intentional and coupled motions in the frontal and sagittal planes, showing least variation in the frontal plane sitting and in the sagittal plane standing. A quantitative reference value of the collective sources of error/variation has been established. Cine-radiographic examinations in the frontal plane were compared with lateral bending roentgenograms to evaluate intermediate stages and extremes of intervertebral motion. A pilot-study was performed indicating that specific manipulative therapy can objectively increase the intersegmental mobility of the lumbar spine. PMID- 6235305 TI - Epidemiology of frontoethmoidal encephalomeningocoele in Burma. AB - One hundred and thirty nine patients suffering from encephalomeningocoele and myelomeningocoele who had attended the neurosurgical outpatients department of the Rangoon People's Hospital were interviewed. A predominance of frontal encephalomeningocoele was found; a low proportion of these patients had been conceived in the cold season and an increased interval separated the index patients from the previous full term pregnancy of their mothers; no first degree relatives were affected. It is suggested that an environmental factor is implicated in the developmental aetiology. PMID- 6235306 TI - Given versus induced category representations: use of prototype and exemplar information in classification. AB - Acquisition of category-level information can be based on experience with category members (induced) as well as on direct presentation of prototypical values (given). To investigate the effects of these two types of information, a relational coding model of categorization was developed in which classification is based on a mixture of exemplar and prototype information. In two experiments, subjects learned about two ill-defined categories. Stimuli were geometric shapes varying along four binary-valued dimensions. For three groups of subjects, training consisted of (a) experience with exemplars only, (b) learning prototype values followed by exemplar experience, or (c) learning prototype values concurrently with exemplar experience. Following training, all subjects received classification tests on prototype values as well as on old and new exemplars. By varying the relative use of prototype and exemplar information, the mixture model accurately accounted for category judgements in all three groups. For subjects directly presented with prototype values, classification was based on a mixture of similarity to prototypes and to stored exemplars. In contrast, subjects who only received experience with exemplars appeared to base their category judgements solely on similarity to stored exemplars, even though they could accurately judge the prototype values. The two components of the mixture model are related to subjects' classification strategies and the nature of abstracted, category-level information. PMID- 6235307 TI - Orthographic and phonemic coding for lexical access: evidence from Hebrew. AB - In Hebrew script, vowels are represented by small dots appended to the consonants. However, in print the dots are almost always omitted, and because a single consonant string may represent several different words (with different vowels), the reader can assign to it a unique meaning and pronunciation only in relation to the syntactic and semantic contexts. We investigated the role of phonemic mediation for lexical access when printed Hebrew words are presented in isolation. Two experiments manipulated phonemic ambiguity by comparing consonant strings that have only a single meaningful pronunciation with strings that have several meaningful pronunciations. Although naming was slower when several pronunciations were possible, these phonemically ambiguous strings were not recognized more slowly in a lexical-decision task. A third study, in which lexical decisions were made for consonant strings presented with the vowel dots, showed that nonword homographs were rejected more slowly than were nonword homophones. These results suggest that in Hebrew, orthographic codes play a more important role in the process of word recognition than do phonemic codes, especially in comparison with the roles played in other languages. PMID- 6235308 TI - Visual memory as measured by classification and comparison tasks. AB - One measure often used to indicate the existence of visual memory is visual priming, that is, faster responding to a stimulus physically identical to its predecessor than to one identical in name only. Walker and Marshall (1982) used visual priming within speeded classification tasks to demonstrate a visual memory effect that does not seem to require active visualization to prevent decay or to prevent being over-written by succeeding stimuli. This article presents six experiments with classification tasks that not only replicate Walker and Marshall's finding of a strong visual memory in the absence of visualization but also--contrary to their results--show visual priming even after an unpredictable intervening visual pattern. Four additional experiments with comparison tasks show visual priming effects only when stimulus-response contingencies remain consistent. Although this result seems to favor an explanation of the visual priming effect based on stimulus-response contingencies, it does not totally rule out explanations based on stimulus-identification processes, assuming that inconsistent stimulus-response contingencies interfere with the benefits that stimulus repetition may have on stimulus identification. PMID- 6235309 TI - What is rotated in mental rotation? AB - Two hypotheses regarding mental rotation were contrasted. If subjects rotate each stimulus image to the upright (the image rotation hypothesis), then response time should depend solely on the extent of angular deviation from the upright. But if subjects rotate their frame of reference to match that of the disoriented stimulus (the frame rotation hypothesis), then response time should vary with the angular deviation between the current stimulus and the preceding stimulus. In four experiments, one involving normal and reflected letters (Experiment 1) and the other three involving lexical decisions on Hebrew letter strings (Experiments 2, 3A, and 3B), much stronger evidence for the image rotation hypothesis was found, though weak but systematic effects of frame rotation were also obtained. Increased likelihood that the same orientation would be repeated (Experiment 4) did not yield any stronger frame rotation effects. Also there was no indication of consistent individual differences in the preference for the frame rotation strategy (Experiment 3B). Additional findings pertinent to the application of the mental rotation paradigm to word recognition were discussed. PMID- 6235310 TI - Perceptual and conceptual masking of pictures. AB - We report an experiment in which target pictures, presented for 50 ms, were followed by masks. Two mask variables were implemented: mask luminance and amount of attention demanded by the mask. Luminance but not attention demand affected subsequent picture-memory performance when the mask followed the picture immediately; however, attention demand but not luminance affected performance when the mask was delayed by 300 ms following the offset of the picture. We conclude that qualitatively different processes are being carried out at 0 versus 300 ms following the offset of a 50-ms picture. We argue that these processes can profitably be viewed as perceptual processes, which operate on raw stimulus input, and conceptual processes, which operate on the output of perceptual processes. PMID- 6235311 TI - Mental comparison of size and magnitude: size congruity effects. AB - Paivio (1975) found that the latency to choose the larger of two named objects does not depend on congruity between the object sizes and the sizes of the object names. Because size congruity does affect latencies for pictorially presented objects, Paivio interpreted this result as support for the dual coding hypothesis. However, Experiment 1 demonstrated that Paivio's results were an artifact of his experimental design. Size congruity does affect latencies to choose the larger of two named objects when object pairs are not repeated. When the same object pairs are used repeatedly, as in Paivio's experiment, the effect disappears. In this case the response is probably remembered, so that the objects need not be compared. To determine the processing stages affected by size congruity, both the distance between stimulus sizes and the size congruity were manipulated in Experiment 2. Three groups of subjects chose either the greater Arabic digit, the greater named digit, or the larger named object. Size congruity interacted with distance only for Arabic digits. For both Arabic digits and named digits, the interference caused by size incongruity was greater than the facilitation caused by size congruity, whereas for object names, the facilitation was greater than the interference. A model of the interaction between physical size comparisons and conceptual size comparisons is proposed to account for these results. PMID- 6235312 TI - Critical importance of exposure duration for affective discrimination of stimuli that are not recognized. AB - Previous research has found that repeated exposure to briefly presented visual stimuli can increase the positive affect for the stimuli without enhancing their recognition. Subjects could discriminate target and distractor shapes by affective preference in the absence of recognition memory. This study examined this phenomenon as a function of stimulus exposure duration. Over exposure durations of 0, 2, 8, 12, 24, and 48 ms, the functions for affect and recognition judgments exhibited different temporal dynamics. Target selection by affect was possible at very brief exposures and was influenced little by increasing durations; target selection by recognition required longer stimulus exposures and improved with increasing durations. Affective discrimination of stimuli that are not recognized is a reliable phenomenon, but it occurs only within a narrow band of time. This parametric study has specified the relationship between exposure duration and affect and recognition judgments and has located that temporal window. PMID- 6235313 TI - Emotional mood states and memory: elaborative encoding, semantic processing, and cognitive effort. AB - The effects of experimentally induced mood states on recall of target words embedded in sentences or alone were examined in three experiments. All experiments focused on the role of a depressed-mood induction on recall and looked at the effects of elaborative encoding, semantic processing, or cognitive effort. The overall effect of the depressed-mood state was to reduce recall in all three situations; however, the opportunity to process information semantically still led to superior recall in the depressed condition. In contrast, the superiority of recall of high-effort items disappeared in the depressed condition, suggesting that subjects may differentially allocate resources when under a depressed-mood state. The results are briefly discussed within the framework of a resource allocation theory. PMID- 6235314 TI - Visual velocity input-output functions: the integration of distance and duration onto subjective velocity. AB - Subjects made magnitude estimations of moving stimuli produced by a 10 X 10 factorial design of distances and durations. Both group and individual data obeyed the bilinear interaction prediction of a simple ratio model. The relation between perceived and actual velocity, as well as the psychophysical contingencies constructed from the marginal means of the design, could be described by a power function with an exponent of about 0.63 as a representative figure. Plotting subjective velocity against physical velocity with either duration or distance as the parameter resulted, respectively, in families of converging psychophysical power functions. Some implications of the results for velocity research, especially the usefulness of specifying the correct metric structure, are discussed. PMID- 6235315 TI - Visible persistence of moving objects. AB - A single line was presented in a succession of orientations, each orientation separated by a fixed angle and by a fixed interval of time, and subjects reported the number of successive lines that appeared to rotate together. The perceived number of rotating lines increased linearly with the rate of stimulus presentation, with a slope that was proportional to the spatial separation. The linear functions obtained in this first experiment predicted the results of a second experiment in which subjects adjusted the spatial and temporal variables to a discrimination threshold for seeing two rotating lines. If the slope of the linear functions is considered to be an estimate of the duration of visible persistence, then these results suggest that the visible persistence of a briefly presented stimulus increases with the distance separating that stimulus from other stimuli. PMID- 6235316 TI - More adaptation of speech by nonspeech. AB - Three experiments tested Samuel and Newport's (1979) hypothesis that the perceptual system sorts its input on the basis of its spectral quality (periodic vs. aperiodic). In Experiment 1, repeated presentation of a shaped white-noise segment (aperiodic) produced a labeling shift on a /ja-za/ continuum (primarily aperiodic); two periodic adaptors produced no effect, supporting Samuel and Newport's hypothesis. The second experiment replicated these results and showed that the nonspeech adaptor produced almost as much adaptation as the test series' endpoint /za). In addition, using several mixtures of periodic and aperiodic adaptors indicated that the aperiodic component dominates adaptation effects for /ja-za/. A final experiment, using a similarity rating task, confirmed that subjects group /za/ with unvoiced fricatives rather than with other voiced consonants. The results thus indicate that the perceptual system is sensitive to whether the input is primarily periodic or aperiodic, regardless of whether it is speech or nonspeech. PMID- 6235317 TI - Effect of lexical status on phonetic categorization. AB - To investigate the interaction in speech perception between lexical knowledge (in particular, whether a stimulus token makes a word or nonword) and phonetic categorization, sets of [bVC]-[dVC] place-of-articulation continua were constructed so that the endpoint tokens represented word-word, word-nonword, nonword-word, and nonword-nonword combinations. Experiment 1 demonstrated that ambiguous tokens were perceived in favor of the word token and supported the contention that lexical knowledge can affect the process of phonetic categorization. Experiment 2 utilized a reaction time procedure with the same stimuli and demonstrated that the effect of lexical status on phonetic categorization increased with response latency, suggesting that the lexical effect represents a perceptual process that is separate from and follows phonetic categorization. Experiment 3 utilized a different set of [b-d] continua to separate the effects of final consonant contrast and lexical status that were confounded in Experiments 1 and 2. Results demonstrated that both lexical status and contextual contrast separately affected the identification of the initial stop. Data from these three experiments support a perceptual model wherein phonetic categorization can operate separately from higher levels of analysis. PMID- 6235318 TI - On the advance preparation of discrete finger responses. AB - Most studies that examined the precuing of motor responses have been interpreted as indicating that response specification is a variable-order process. An apparent exception to this conclusion was obtained by Miller (1982) for the preparation of discrete finger responses. Precuing was beneficial only when the precued responses were on the same hand, suggesting that response specification occurs in a fixed order, with hand specified before other aspects of the response. Three experiments examined this discrepant finding for discrete finger responses. Experiment 1 demonstrated that with sufficient time (3 s), all combinations of responses can be equally well prepared. Experiments 2 and 3 showed that the precuing advantage for same-hand responses at shorter precuing intervals is due to strategic and decision factors, not to an ability to prepare these responses more efficiently. Preparation of finger responses, thus, also appears to be variable. This conclusion poses problems for Miller's extension of the precuing procedure to the evaluation of discrete versus continuous models of information processing. PMID- 6235319 TI - Configural processing of faces in the left and the right cerebral hemispheres. AB - This study investigates the rules by which the component features of faces are combined when presented in the left or the right visual field, and it examines the validity of the analytic-holistic processing dichotomy, using concepts elaborated by Garner (1978, 1981) to specify stimulus properties and models of similarity relations as performance criteria. Latency measures of dissimilarity, obtained for the two visual fields, among a set of eight faces varying on three dimensions of two levels each, were fitted to the dominance metric model, the feature-matching model, the city-block distance metric model, and the Euclidean distance metric model. In addition to a right-visual-field superiority in different responses, a maximum likelihood estimation procedure showed that, for each subject and each visual field, the Euclidean model provided the best fit of the data, suggesting that the faces were compared in terms of their overall similarity. Moreover, the spatial representations of the results revealed interactions among the component facial features in the processing of faces. Taken together, these two findings indicate that faces initially projected to the right or to the left hemisphere were not processed analytically but in terms of their gestalt. PMID- 6235320 TI - Is meaning implicated in illusory conjunctions? AB - According to feature-integration theory, when attention is diverted from a display, features from different objects in that display may be wrongly recombined, giving rise to "illusory conjunctions" (Treisman & Schmidt, 1982). Two experiments are reported that examine the nature of these illusory conjunctions. In displays that contain color names and adjectives printed in colored ink, subjects made two kinds of interesting and previously unreported errors. Consider, for example, a display that included the word BROWN in red ink and the word HEAVY in green ink. Subjects would sometimes incorrectly report that the word RED or the ink color brown had appeared in the display (e.g., RED in green ink or HEAVY in brown ink). It appears that subjects extract semantic representations from input and are sometimes confused about whether a particular representation has been extracted from a word or a color patch. Contrary to feature-integration theory, these findings suggest that illusory conjunctions may occur with high-level codes as well as with perceptual features. PMID- 6235321 TI - Automatic aftereffects in two-choice reaction time: a mathematical representation of some concepts. AB - A mathematical model is developed to describe sequential effects in two-choice reaction time experiments with a short response-stimulus interval. Evidence is briefly discussed that in conditions with short response-stimulus intervals, automatic aftereffects dominate sequential effects, and the influence of subjective expectancy can be neglected. In these conditions the model premises three components of automatic aftereffects--facilitation, inhibition, and noise, with a common decay factor. Influence of response-stimulus interval and practice on sequential effects are examined and related to parameter changes in the proposed single-decay model. The decrease of automatic aftereffects with increasing response-stimulus interval is primarily ascribed to an increasing decay factor. The parameter representation of the model also clarifies the issue of the disappearance of automatic aftereffects with practice. It shows a gradual fading of inhibition in the initial stages of practice, together with a slower decrease of the facilitation effect. The single-decay model provides a satisfactory explanation for the processes involved in compatible two-choice reaction time with short response-stimulus interval. PMID- 6235322 TI - A case of strangulation with postmortem amputation of the penis. AB - A case of homicide with postmortem amputation of the penis was described. The penis found later in a home freezer in the apartment of the culprit showed "zigsaw" fit to the victim. In order to substantiate the morphological findings, phenotypes of three isozymes, phosphoglucomutase1 (PGM1), phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (PGD), and esterase D (EsD) together with ABO blood type were determined in the skin of the penis amputated. All of the four genetic markers determined with the penis were the same as those determined with heart blood of the victim. PMID- 6235323 TI - Isoelectric points (pI) of the isoenzymes of phosphoglucomutase (PGM1 and PGM2) observed by isoelectric focusing, and some theoretical considerations. PMID- 6235324 TI - Further characteristics of the ATP-stimulated uptake of calcium into chromaffin granules. AB - The ATP-stimulated uptake of 45Ca2+ [and [3H](-)-noradrenaline ([3H]NA)] into chromaffin granules and that into mitochondria are driven by a protonic gradient delta mu H+, composed of the components delta pH (concentration gradient of protons) and delta psi (electrical potential difference). The granular ATPase pumps protons into the matrix (delta pH inside acid, delta psi positive), but the mitochondrial ATPase ejects protons from the matrix (delta pH alkaline, delta psi negative inside). To show different driving forces of uptake, the rate of the ATP stimulated uptake of 45Ca2+ (and [3H]NA) into chromaffin granules was compared with the rate of the ATP-stimulated uptake of 45Ca2+ into mitochondria (adrenomedullary or rat liver). In the presence of nitrate, the rate of the ATP stimulated uptake of 45Ca2+ into chromaffin granules is higher than in the presence of acetate, because the lyotropic anion nitrate stimulates the granular ATPase and increases delta pH (acid inside). Compared with nitrate, the rate of the ATP-stimulated uptake of 45Ca2+ into mitochondria is higher in the presence of the proton-carrying anion acetate, which, after permeation, provides protons for ejection by the ATPase. In the absence of ATP, a valinomycin-mediated potassium influx (delta psi inside positive) stimulates the granular uptake of [3H]NA, which has an electrogenic component, but not the granular uptake of 45Ca2+, which is electroneutral. The electrogenic uptake of 45Ca2+ into mitochondria is stimulated by a valinomycin-mediated potassium efflux (delta psi negative inside). The ATP-stimulated uptake of 45Ca2+ into chromaffin granules is sensitive to ruthenium red, suggesting a carrier-mediated mechanism of uptake, and it is sensitive to atractyloside, indicating the simultaneous uptake of ATP. After collapse of delta pH by ammonia, the ATP-stimulated uptake of 45Ca2+ into chromaffin granules is abolished, but not that into mitochondria. In the presence of ammonia, the rate of the ATP-stimulated uptake of [3H]NA is very low, and an ATP-independent uptake of 45Ca2+ into chromaffin granules is observed which is similar to the ATP-independent Ca2+/Na+ exchange at the granular membrane. PMID- 6235325 TI - Decreased proline endopeptidase activity in the basal ganglia in Huntington's disease. AB - Soluble proline endopeptidase (EC 3.4.21.26) activity was measured by a fluorometric assay in eight human brain areas (caudate nucleus, lateral globus pallidus, medial globus pallidus, substantia nigra-zona compacta, substantia nigra-zona reticulata, frontal cortex-Brodmann area 10, temporal cortex-Brodmann area 38, and hippocampus), in 10 control and 10 Huntington's disease brains. An abnormally low activity (22% of control activity) was found in the caudate nucleus of Huntington's disease brains; significantly decreased activity was also detected in the lateral globus pallidus and medial globus pallidus (37% and 40% of control, respectively). PMID- 6235326 TI - A trial of autologous plasma perfusion over protein A in patients with breast cancer. PMID- 6235327 TI - Evaluation of complicating osteomyelitis with Tc-99m MDP, In-111 granulocytes, and Ga-67 citrate. AB - Studies with gallium-67 and three-phase bone imaging (TPBS), though very sensitive, are not very specific in evaluating suspected osteomyelitis (OM) that is superimposed upon other diseases causing increased bone turnover. A total of 57 patients with suspected OM were studied; this included 48 with increased bone turnover. All of the patients were studied with granulocytes labeled with In-111 acetylacetone (In-111 GRAN), TPBS and 29 of these patients had Ga-67 studies as well. In-111 GRAN had a sensitivity of 100% in acute OM and 60% in chronic OM, with a specificity of 96%. Gallium-67 was excellent in ruling out OM when the study was normal, or in ruling in OM when the relative uptake of Ga-67 exceeded the uptake of Tc-99m MDP, or when the Ga-67 in bone had a different distribution from the TPBS. Unfortunately, these criteria were met in only 28% of our subjects. We conclude that when added to TPBS, the In-111 GRAN study plays an important role in detecting complicating OM. PMID- 6235328 TI - External and biopsy determination of preoperative Tc-99m MDP femoral-head labeling in fracture of the femoral neck: concise communication. AB - In 30 fresh fractures of the femoral neck, the preoperative femoral-head tracer uptake in Tc-99m MDP scintimetry was compared with the uptake of peroperatively obtained femoral-head biopsies and correlated to intravital bone staining by tetracycline, infused concurrently. Bone uptakes of Tc-99m MDP and tetracycline were shown to correlate well. Total absence of Tc-99m MDP uptake in the femoral head biopsy corresponded to a scintigraphic uptake ratio of 0.7 (fractured over contralateral head), whereas a normal Tc-99m MDP biopsy uptake corresponded to a ratio of 1.5. This suggests that in Tc-99m MDP scintimetry of a normal hip, less than half of the emission ascribed to the femoral head is derived from the femoral head itself. PMID- 6235329 TI - Patterns of skeletal scintigraphy and their relationship to plasma and urinary histamine levels in systemic mastocytosis. AB - Scintigraphic findings in ten cases of systemic mastocytosis are described. Four radionuclide bone patterns were noted: normal, unifocal, multifocal, and diffuse. Compared with radiographic surveys, bone images were better able to show the widespread skeletal involvement in patients with diffuse disease, and to detect a greater number of focal lesions. Serum calcium, phosphorus, and bone-derived alkaline phosphatase, as well as urinary calcium, phosphorus, and hydroxyproline levels, were usually within normal limits even when the bone scintigrams were clearly abnormal. Plasma and urinary histamine levels were highest in patients whose bone images detected widespread skeletal involvement. In systemic mastocytosis, not only does scintigraphy document active bone disease more effectively than laboratory studies of bone metabolism and radiographs of bone, but it also appears to reflect the general severity of the disease process. PMID- 6235330 TI - The specific scintigraphic pattern of "shin splints in the lower leg": concise communication. AB - The clinical entity, "shin splints," is now being recognized, and more specifically characterized by the findings of exercise-induced pain and tenderness to palpation along the posterior medial border of the tibia. In this prospective study, ten patients with this syndrome were evaluated using three phase bone scintigrams, and a specific scintigraphic pattern was determined. Radionuclide angiograms and blood-pool images were all normal. On delayed images, tibial lesions involved the posterior cortex, were longitudinally oriented, were long, involving one third of the length of the bone, and often showed varying tracer uptake along that length. Obtaining both lateral and medial views was crucial. The location of activity suggested that this entity is related to the soleus muscle. These scintigraphic findings can be used to differentiate shin splints from stress fractures or other conditions causing pain in the lower leg in athletes. PMID- 6235331 TI - Effects of diets on concentrations of 6-phosphogluconate and fructose 2,6 bisphosphate in rat livers and an assay of fructose 2,6-bisphosphate with an improved method. AB - We determined the effects of diets that have different lipogenic potentials on hepatic concentrations of 6-phosphogluconate and fructose 2,6-bisphosphate, both of which activate hepatic phosphofructokinase. Diets high in carbohydrate increased concentrations of both effectors compared to a high protein (gluconeogenic) diet. The concentration of 6-phosphogluconate was associated with the lipogenic nature of the diet, and the range of its concentration matched that over which phosphofructokinase responds to 6-phosphogluconate in vitro. In contrast, the concentration of fructose of 2,6-bisphosphate was not associated with the lipogenic potential of the diets. Fructose 2,6-bisphosphate was either absent from liver or its concentration was 10- to 30-fold higher than the concentration that gives the maximal activation of phosphofructokinase in vitro. The results indicate that fructose 2,6-bisphosphate and 6-phosphogluconate have different roles in the regulation of phosphofructokinase. Fructose 2,6 bisphosphate may be involved in switching hepatic carbohydrate metabolism between gluconeogenesis and glycolysis, whereas changes in the concentration of 6 phosphogluconate may coordinate the disposition of glucose 6-phosphate between the oxidative branch of the hexosemonophosphate pathway and glycolysis. In the course of our studies, we improved an enzymatic assay for fructose 2,6 bisphosphate. PMID- 6235332 TI - Tetraethylene glycol diacrylate. A cause of delayed cutaneous irritant reaction and allergic contact dermatitis. AB - A woman who worked as a materials handler in a plant manufacturing acrylated chemicals developed allergic contact allergy to tetraethylene glycol diacrylate (TTEGDA). Four co-workers experienced skin irritation 12 to 36 hours after skin contact with TTEGDA but had no immediate reaction at the time of exposure. The chemical sensitized the albino guinea pig in the guinea pig maximization test. By varying parameters such as the administration of Freund's complete adjuvent, the intradermal concentration injected for induction, and the diluent used for the injections, it was possible to alter the apparent sensitization potential of TTEGDA. PMID- 6235333 TI - Low-back pain in industry. An old problem revisited. AB - Low-back pain is a major occupational health problem. Risk factors predisposing to the development of low-back pain are discussed. These include individual risk factors such as age, sex, anthropometry, musculoskeletal abnormalities, muscle strength and physical fitness, psychological factors, and previous attacks of low back pain and workplace factors such as heavy work, lifting, bending, and slipping. Various programs for prevention are evaluated. These include selection of workers, education and training regarding lifting methods, design of lifting jobs, and fitness training. Limitations of the various studies of these programs are discussed. Preemployment strength testing and ergonomic job design together appear to offer the greatest promise. PMID- 6235334 TI - The heats of reaction and temperature rises associated with the setting of bonding resins. AB - DTA has been used to obtain the heats of reaction and temperature rises occurring during the setting of bonding resins. Four products have been examined. There was little difference between these. Setting reactions were highly exothermic and produced substantial temperature rises. Both factors are linearly related to resin volume, thus it is fortunate that this material is employed in small volumes, but problems may arise from spillage or the careless application of excessive quantities. PMID- 6235336 TI - Use of megadoses of vitamins with minerals in Down syndrome. AB - To evaluate the effects of megadoses of vitamins with minerals on the cognitive intelligence of children with Down syndrome, a two-group double-blind clinical trial was carried out with 56 school-aged children with Down syndrome. Children were evaluated at baseline, 4 months, and 8 months with a battery of standard psychologic tests, physical examinations, and blood tests. The two groups, which were well-matched is cognitive intelligence and other important subject characteristics at baseline, were not significantly different in intelligence and other test scores at the 4- or 8-month test periods. The particular megadoses of vitamins with minerals used in the study did not produce increased intelligence in the study population. PMID- 6235335 TI - Coagulopathy and platelet activation in Kawasaki syndrome: identification of patients at high risk for development of coronary artery aneurysms. AB - Prospective evaluation of platelet activation and hypercoagulability was performed in 31 patients with Kawasaki syndrome. Most patients had elevated acute phase reactants when studied during the first 3 weeks of their illness; 17 of 25 (68%) patients had factor VIII activity greater than 150%, 18 of 24 (75%) had fibrinogen greater than 400 mg/dl, and 17 of 31 (55%) had a platelet count greater than 450,000/mm3. Antithrombin III was depressed initially in 17 of 25 (68%) patients. Depleted fibrinolytic activity, as measured by a euglobulin lysis time greater than 300 minutes, was documented in nine of 20 (45%) patients. Plasma beta-thromboglobulin (BTG) measured at 0 to 3 weeks was elevated (greater than 43 ng/ml) in seven of 24 (29%) patients. All patients with coronary artery aneurysms had elevated BTG values. The mean BTG in the group with aneurysms was 72.3 ng/ml when measured during the first 3 weeks after onset of fever, and 87.7 ng/ml at 4 to 7 weeks. The group without aneurysms had mean BTG values of 29.4 and 28.3 ng/ml at 0 to 3 and 4 to 7 weeks, respectively. The difference between the two groups was significant (P less than 0.002) for both the initial and later values. An elevated BTG during the first 3 weeks after onset of fever was highly associated with aneurysm formation in our patients (P less than 0.007). No aneurysms occurred in patients with a normal BTG value. PMID- 6235337 TI - Down syndrome and acute leukemia in children: a 10-year retrospective survey from Childrens Cancer Study Group. AB - Review of 5406 children with acute lymphoblastic (ALL) or nonlymphoblastic leukemia (ANLL) registered with Childrens Cancer Study Group (CCSG) since 1972 identified 115 patients (2.1%) with Down syndrome. The proportion of patients with Down syndrome was the same for ALL (2.1%) and ANLL (2.1%). Patients with ALL with and without Down syndrome did not differ significantly with respect to age at diagnosis, sex, race, morphology (FAB classification), cell surface markers, initial white blood cell count, pretreatment hemoglobin value, hepatomegaly, lymphadenopathy, presence of mediastinal mass, CNS disease at diagnosis, or prognostic group as defined by age and initial white blood cell count. Patients with ALL-Down syndrome less frequently had splenomegaly, had lower pretreatment platelet counts, and more often had normal or elevated IgG or IgA levels. In addition, they had a significantly lower rate of remission (81% versus 94%), a higher mortality during induction therapy (14% versus 3%), and a poorer overall survival with 5-year life table rates of 50% versus 65% (P less than 0.001). If an initial remission was achieved, there were no significant differences with respect to remission duration, survival, or disease-free survival. Patients with ANLL-Down syndrome were younger at diagnosis than those without Down syndrome. There was no significant difference in the remission rates between these patients. Analysis of findings in patients with ANLL provided results similar to those obtained for patients with ALL with regard to clinical outcome after achievement of an initial remission. PMID- 6235338 TI - Connective tissue organization of healthy human gingiva. Ultrastructural localization of collagen types I-III-IV. PMID- 6235339 TI - Metabolic change in cultured gingival fibroblasts exposed to bacterial extracts. Stimulation of hyaluronic acid synthesis. PMID- 6235340 TI - Periodontal ligament stresses in the initiation of occlusal traumatism. PMID- 6235341 TI - The effect of beta-aminoproprionitrile on the periodontal ligament. I. Ultrastructure of fibroblasts and matrix. PMID- 6235342 TI - Neutrophil chemotaxis and phagocytosis in juvenile periodontitis. PMID- 6235343 TI - Ultrastructure of freeze-fractured neutrophil leukocyte membranes in juvenile periodontitis. PMID- 6235344 TI - Microbiota of periodontal pockets losing crestal alveolar bone. PMID- 6235346 TI - Oral odors in early experimental gingivitis. PMID- 6235345 TI - Histopathological effects in the palate of the rat induced by injection with different black-pigmented Bacteroides strains. PMID- 6235348 TI - Structure of sub- and supragingival dental calculus in human periodontitis. An electron microscopic study. PMID- 6235347 TI - Reliability of volume measurements with the new Periotron 6000. PMID- 6235349 TI - Identification of bacteria in immunopathological mechanisms of human periodontal diseases. PMID- 6235350 TI - Blastogenic responsiveness of human lymphoid cells to mitogens and to homogenates of periodontal pocket bacteria. PMID- 6235351 TI - Thiol-dependent collagenolytic activity in culture media of Bacteroides gingivalis. PMID- 6235352 TI - The occurrence and activity of extracellular matrix vesicles in rat alveolar bone after the induction of local inflammation by bacterial products. PMID- 6235353 TI - A quantitative analysis of connective tissue components in phenytoin-induced gingival overgrowth in children. A stereological study. PMID- 6235354 TI - The influence of the morphological and chemical nature of dental surfaces on the migration, attachment, and orientation of human gingival fibroblasts in vitro. PMID- 6235355 TI - Fiber system of the facial gingiva. PMID- 6235356 TI - Effects of lathyrism on mouse molar migration. PMID- 6235357 TI - A new method for the comparison of bone loss measurements on non-standardized radiographs. PMID- 6235358 TI - Digitalis toxicity. A case report. AB - Digitalis has a clinically useful therapeutic ratio (LD50/ED50), but doses must be carefully adjusted for each patient to avoid manifestations of toxicity. This paper reviews the pharmacology and toxicology of digitalis and reports an occurrence in which life-threatening cardiac dysrhythmias occurred as a result of digitalis toxicity in a patient undergoing full mouth gingival curettage. In addition, some recommendations for prevention and management of this problem are discussed. PMID- 6235359 TI - The MMPI in evaluation of functional versus organic low back pain. AB - This paper reviews the research literature on MMPI assessment of functional versus organic low back pain (LBP). Research is described in three categories: (a) the relationship between psychopathology as measured by the MMPI and low back pain, (b) MMPI speciality scales, and (c) surgical outcomes. Research, to date, has suffered from methodological problems which has limited generalizations to clinical population. It is suggested, however, that the MMPI can be effectively used with LBP patients, but should not be the only data used in such assessments. Cautions are noted regarding use of the speciality scales. PMID- 6235360 TI - A mode of action of morphine on a quickly learned conditioned suppression in mice. AB - Mice exhibited marked suppression of motor activity when placed in the same environment where they had previously received electric shocks. Morphine-HCl (20 mg/kg) markedly attenuated such a conditioned suppression in mice. The morphine induced reduction of the conditioned suppression was antagonized by pretreatment with reserpine (0.1 and 0.5 mg/kg), haloperiodol, pimozide and alpha-methyl-p tyrosine, but not atropine-sulfate, p-chlorophenylalanine, phenoxybenzamine-HCl or propranolol. Thus, it is possible that the potentiation of the dopaminergic neurotransmission in the brain is involved in the morphine-induced reduction of the conditioned suppression in mice. PMID- 6235361 TI - Metabolism of 14C-iodochlorhydroxyquin in the dog and the rat. AB - The disposition and metabolism of iodochlorhydroxyquin (clioquinol), an amebicidal drug with neurotoxic properties, were studied in dogs and rats with 14C-labelled drug. Pharmacokinetic studies in the dog demonstrated that the compound was well absorbed; the bioavailability was 36% of the dose of 1 mg/kg. The serum half-life was 1.3-1.8 h. In both the dog and the rat, biliary excretion was a major route of elimination. The dog excreted 27% of an intravenously administered dose (1 mg/kg) in the bile within 2 h; the rat excreted 39% of the dose (5 mg/kg i.v.) in less than 3 h. Elimination via the renal route was also substantial in both species. Urinary and biliary metabolites were separated by TLC (thin layer chromatography) and identified as sulfate and glucuronide conjugates in both species. No evidence for any other metabolites was found. A significant difference was observed between the dog and the rat in the extent of conjugation; the percentage radioactivity in the urine accounted for by the unchanged compound was six to twenty times greater for the dog than for the rat. The species differences in the disposition and metabolism of the compound might explain its greater toxicity in the dog than in the rat. PMID- 6235363 TI - Effects of 2-nicotinamidoethyl nitrate (Nicorandil) on excitation-contraction coupling in the smooth muscle cells of rabbit ear artery. AB - The effect of SG-75 (Nicorandil) on the neuromuscular transmission and smooth muscle membrane of the rabbit ear artery was investigated by means of intracellular microelectrodes, isometric tension recording and flux experiments. This agent caused a pronounced hyperpolarization of the cell membrane and a significant increase of the K-permeability. During perivascular nerve stimulation, the amplitude and the time constant of the falling phase of the excitatory junction potentials were reduced, causing a suppression of spike generation and of the concomitant contractile responses, but the release of [3H]noradrenaline was not affected. At high doses this agent inhibited significantly submaximal contractile responses induced by various stimuli. However, these effects could not be correlated with changes in 45Ca fluxes. It is suggested that although the effect of SG-75 could be due mainly to an increase of the K-permeability and the concomitant hyperpolarization, it might also reduce the force development by a mechanism which does not depend on a reduction of the concentration of ionized Ca in the cytoplasm. PMID- 6235362 TI - Estimation of renal secretory function for organic cations by endogenous N1 methylnicotinamide in rats with experimental renal failure. AB - To assess whether the secretory clearance of N1-methylnicotinamide (NMN), an endogenous organic cation, represents renal tubular secretion of the organic cation, the relationship between the secretory clearance of NMN, CLscn(NMN), and that of tetraethylammonium bromide (TEA), CLscn(TEA), was examined in normal and experimental renal failure (ERF) rats. TEA was selected as a representative organic cation secreted by the kidney. ERF was induced by glycerol, folate, salicylate, uranium, and gentamicin, substances which have been demonstrated to produce specific damage to the kidney by pathophysiological studies. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR), CLscn(NMN), and CLscn(TEA) decreased significantly in most of ERF rats, while blood urea nitrogen (BUN) increased significantly in all ERF rats. There was a statistically significant correlation (r = 0.952, p less than 0.001) between the endogenous CLscn(NMN) and CLscn(TEA) in both the normal and ERF rats. Correlation analysis revealed that CLscn(NMN) was superior to GFR in the degree of relationship to CLscn(TEA), but BUN could not be used as an index for the secretion of NMN or TEA. Although the plasma concentration of NMN in most of the ERF rats was much higher than that in the normal rats, it affected neither the urinary clearance of NMN itself nor the excretion of TEA. From these findings, we propose that CLscn(NMN) can be used as an index to assess renal tubular function for the secretion of organic cations that are excreted by both filtration and secretion without reabsorption. PMID- 6235364 TI - Simultaneously active and inactive synapses of single Ia fibres on cat spinal motoneurones. AB - A technique is described for recording large numbers of individual or single fibre excitatory post-synaptic potentials (e.p.s.p.s) from single motoneurones by means of spike-triggered averaging. The cable properties of the motoneurones were calculated from the decay time course of a voltage transient in the motoneurone following a current pulse applied to the soma. From this response a theoretical shape index curve was calculated. Most individual or single-fibre e.p.s.p.s elicited by impulses in different Ia fibres had simple decay time courses and shape indices that fitted the theoretical shape index curve of the motoneurone from which they were recorded very well. This suggested that the active terminals of these afferent fibres were located within limited post-synaptic areas. In a few cases the original amplitude, latency and shape of individual e.p.s.p.s changed dramatically when they were re-averaged 40 min later after the membrane potential had decreased, but was still at an acceptable level. E.p.s.p.s with simple decay time courses changed to e.p.s.p.s with composite decay time courses, presumably due to activation of previously silent synapses. The results suggest that impulses conducted in a single afferent fibre from a muscle spindle do not necessarily activate all of the synapses which the fibre forms on a motoneurone, but may repeatedly fail to activate some endings during prolonged periods of spike-triggered averaging, while consistently activating others. Evidence regarding the site of transmission failure and the possible mechanism of its relief is discussed. PMID- 6235365 TI - Chemopsychotherapy and its role in prosthodontic failures in elderly patients. AB - Since the introduction of chemopsychotherapy, there has been a change in the approach to treatment of mental and emotional disorders. Instead of being confined to mental institutions, many patients receive ambulatory treatment and are able to carry out their daily routine. Psychotropic drug therapy produces side effects in patients of all ages, but the incidence of side effects after the use of psychotropic drugs is significantly higher in older patients. In addition, the elderly population is more prone to mental disorders, either because of the worsening of conditions present at a younger age or because of changes related to the process of aging. These factors correlate with increased oral disability, which, although unrelated to the mental condition, is cumulative with time and age. Thus the number of elderly patients being treated for mental illness and simultaneously suffering from drug-related disorders of the stomatognatic system is high. Neurologic disorders may interfere with the patient's adjustment to removable dentures, which require a high degree of intricate muscular coordination during function. PMID- 6235366 TI - Interactions of non-selective monoamine oxidase inhibitors, tranylcypromine and nialamide, with inhibitors of 5-hydroxytryptamine, dopamine or noradrenaline re uptake. AB - Rats pretreated with tranylcypromine and given clomipramine, developed head and body twitches, forelimb flexor-extensor movements and wet dog shakes, phenomena which failed to develop when pretreatment incorporated p-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA) but were unabated when this included alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine (AMPT). Locomotor activity, itself enhanced by tranylcypromine, was further and significantly elevated compared to saline, by clomipramine or imipramine in grouped rats (n = 3) but not in single or paired rats; desipramine lacked such action. This effect of clomipramine was prevented when PCPA was incorporated into the pretreatment and that of imipramine by including PCPA or AMPT. Brain monoamine oxidase (MAO) A inhibition was 92% and that of MAO B, 80%. Cortical hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and noradrenaline concentrations as well as hypothalamic 5-HT, were significantly elevated by tranylcypromine, as was dopamine in the striatum, nucleus accumbens and tuberculum olfactorium. Hyperthermia developed in tranylcypromine pretreated rats given paroxetine or fluoxetine. Myoclonic phenomena were elicited by paroxetine, fluoxetine, clomipramine or imipramine in nialamide pretreated rats but these were less intense than in rats pretreated with phenelzine or tranylcypromine. Fatalities were fewer than in rats pretreated with tranylcypromine or phenelzine. Brain MAO A inhibition was 92% and that of MAO B, 69%. PMID- 6235367 TI - Facial contact dermatitis from Xerumenex ear drops. PMID- 6235368 TI - Laparoscopy under local anaesthesia. PMID- 6235369 TI - Dermatitis due to mitomycin bladder instillations. PMID- 6235371 TI - Autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction in man. X. T-T autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction in young and aging humans. AB - T cells upon activation with mitogens or autologous non T cells express surface HLA-DR antigens and are capable of stimulating autologous T cells in the autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction (T-T AMLR). We have examined T-TA AMLR, using T-non T AMLR activated-(TA) T cells as stimulators in young (21-32 yr) and aging humans (62-84 yr). In aging subjects a significantly (p less than 0 . 01) higher proliferative response was observed in T-TA AMLR as compared to simultaneously studied young subjects. In allogeneic MLR, no significant difference was observed between young and aging subjects. The increased T-TA AMLR could be a mechanism responsible for deficient T-non T AMLR reported in aging humans. PMID- 6235370 TI - Reversible inhibition of mononuclear cell Fc receptors by sera from breast cancer patients. AB - The number of circulating mononuclear cells (MNC) expressing Fc receptor for IgG (Fc gamma R) was evaluated in 65 breast cancer patients and 37 normal controls by EAG rosette technique. The percentage (mean +/- SD) of Fc gamma + cells in patients (15.5 +/- 7.8) was significantly decreased (p less than 0.001) when compared to controls (20.4 +/- 5.6). The MNC of patients with low basal rosette values recovered their rosetting capacity when incubated in vitro at 37 degrees C. This effect was not related to detectable immune complexes (ICs). Some of the sera of breast cancer patients were also able to reversibly inhibit the capacity to form rosettes by MNC from healthy subjects. Our data suggest that serum factor(s), different from detectable ICs, might be responsible for this inhibiting effect. PMID- 6235372 TI - Experience of the mothers of Down's syndrome and spina bifida children on going home from hospital in Scotland 1971-1981. AB - A postal questionnaire completed by the mothers of 123 children with Down's syndrome and 109 children with Spina bifida born over the past 10 years in Scotland has shown that difficulties exist in the transfer of care from hospital to the home. Few Spina bifida children came home at the same time as the mothers and only one-half of both groups were given positive encouragement concerning the homecoming. Two-thirds of the Down's mothers and less than half of the Spina bifida mothers were seen by their general practitioner on their return and a significant minority of those visited found his visit unhelpful. A greater percentage of both groups were visited by the health visitor and about a third found her visit unhelpful. It is suggested that the training of both these health professionals may not be appropriate to the correct management of these handicaps at home. PMID- 6235373 TI - Hypergraphia and mental handicap. AB - Eight hundred and twenty-five mentally handicapped patients, housed in two hospitals, of all ages and both sexes, were examined for hypergraphia. Thirty three patients (18 males and 15 females) were found to exhibit this phenomenon; approximately half of these were suffering from epilepsy, including five patients with temporal lobe abnormality. The different types of hypergraphia are reported and possible causes discussed. PMID- 6235374 TI - Human dihydrofolate reductase gene organization. Extensive conservation of the G + C-rich 5' non-coding sequence and strong intron size divergence from homologous mammalian genes. AB - The complete human dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) gene has been cloned from four recombinant lambda libraries constructed with the DNA from a methotrexate resistant human cell line with amplified DHFR genes. The detailed organization of the gene has been determined by restriction mapping of the cloned fragments and DNA sequencing of all the protein coding regions and adjacent intron segments, and shown to correspond to that of the native human DHFR gene. The gene spans a length of approximately 29 X 10(3) bases from the ATG initiator codon to the end of the 3' untranslated region, and contains five introns that interrupt the protein coding sequence. The number and positions of introns are identical to those found in the mouse gene. By contrast, the size of the homologous introns (with the exception of the first one) varies greatly, up to several fold, in the genes from man, mouse and Chinese hamster; the intron sequences also exhibit a great divergence, except in the junction regions. A striking sequence homology, extending over several hundred nucleotides, exists between the human and mouse gene 5' non-coding regions. These regions are characterized by an unusually high G + C content, 72% and 66% in the human and mouse genes, respectively, which is maintained in the first coding segment and first intron, and is in sharp contrast to the relatively low G + C content (approximately 40%) of the remainder of the gene. PMID- 6235375 TI - Kinetics and mechanism of the interaction of Escherichia coli RNA polymerase with the lambda PR promoter. AB - The kinetics of formation and dissociation of specific (open) complexes between active Escherichia coli RNA polymerase holoenzyme (RNAP) and the lambda PR promoter have been studied by selective nitrocellulose filter binding assays at two temperatures (25 degrees C, 37 degrees C) and over a range of ionic conditions. Competition with a polyanion (heparin) or stabilization of open promoter complexes at PR by incubation with specific combinations of nucleoside triphosphates was employed to obtain selectivity in the filter assay. This study provides a useful example of how information about mechanism may be obtained from the quantitative analysis of the effects of salt concentration and temperature on the rate constants of a protein-DNA interaction. The association reaction between RNAP and lambda PR was investigated under ionic conditions where the process is essentially irreversible, and under pseudo first-order conditions of excess polymerase. The pseudo first-order rate constant is directly proportional to the concentration of active polymerase over the entire range investigated (2 to 10 nM) at both 25 degrees C and 37 degrees C, within experimental uncertainty. Second-order association rate constants (ka), calculated from these data at standard ionic conditions (0.12 M-KCl, 0.01 M-MgCl2, 0.04 M-Tris (pH 8)), were strongly temperature-dependent: ka = (2.6 +/- 0.4) X 10(6) M-1 S-1 at 37 degrees C and ka = (7.2 +/- 1.4) X 10(5) M-1 s-1 at 25 degrees C, corresponding to an activation energy of the association reaction of approximately 20 +/- 5 kcal. In addition, ka decreases strongly with increasing KCl concentration, corresponding to the net release of the thermodynamic equivalent of at least nine monovalent ions prior to or during the rate-limiting step of the association reaction. This strong dependence of ka on the ionic environment suggests that inorganic cations should be considered as possible regulators of in vivo transcription initiation. Dissociation rate constants (kd) were also measured under irreversible reaction conditions. At the standard ionic conditions, kd = (2.2 +/- 0.3) X 10(-5) s-1 at 37 degrees C and kd = (4.0 +/- 0.4) X 10(-5) s-1 at 25 degrees C. The increase in kd with decreasing temperature corresponds to a negative activation energy of dissociation (-9 +/- 4 kcal). In addition, kd increases with increasing KCl concentration, corresponding to the net uptake of the thermodynamic equivalent of at least six monovalent ions in or prior to the rate-limiting step of the dissociation reaction.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6235376 TI - Effect of umuC mutations on targeted and untargeted ultraviolet mutagenesis in bacteriophage lambda. AB - Mutagenesis of phage lambda towards clear-plaque phenotype (c+----c) results in two classes of mutants that can be distinguished genetically and morphologically. Indirect mutagenesis, i.e. mutagenesis of unirradiated phage lambda c+ stimulated by the ultraviolet irradiation of the Escherichia coli host, results in mixed bursts (c/c+) of turbid wild-type and clear-plaque mutant phages. Pure bursts of lambda c mutants are induced by irradiation of the phage genome. Irradiation of both phages and host bacteria stimulates the production of the two classes of mutant clones. We show that three different mutant alleles of the E. coli umuC gene only prevent the appearance of pure bursts of clear-plaque mutants, while mixed bursts are produced at least as frequently in umuC mutants as in the umuC+ parent. PMID- 6235377 TI - Fidelity of DNA replication under conditions used for oligodeoxynucleotide directed mutagenesis. AB - The fidelity of DNA replication in vitro by DNA polymerase I (large subfragment) of Escherichia coli has been measured by the standard bioassay: single-stranded phi X174 DNA (plus strand) containing an amber codon was primed with a synthetic oligodeoxynucleotide, replicated and the frequency of point mutations formed in the synthetic minus strand of the resultant double-stranded DNA determined from the number of revertant phage produced in a spheroplast assay. Since the assay depends crucially on the frequency of expression of the mutations in the heteroduplex, and this can vary for a variety of reasons, parallel control experiments were performed using a primer that covered the amber codon but contained the same mismatch that occurred during replication. The frequency of expression of these mutations was found to vary from 40 to 100% in fully ligated heteroduplexes, depending upon the age and batch of spheroplasts used. The variation probably reflects the viability of the post-replicative mismatch repair enzymes in the spheroplasts used for transfection. Far lower frequencies of expression were found under conditions of poor replication. Accurate data and rate laws for fidelity are obtained only when the bioassay is normalized for the variation in the expression frequency. There is active proofreading by the 3'-5' exonuclease activity of the polymerase of a misincorporation resulting from a dGTP:T mismatch. The contribution of proofreading to fidelity is low: accuracy is enhanced by a factor of less than 7 at the concentrations of dNTPs in vivo. The lower accuracy of Pol I than Pol III is due mainly to poorer proofreading, which is manifested in a lower "cost" of replication: only 0.7 to 1.7% of the dNTPs are turned over to dNMPs during replication compared with 6 to 13% for Pol III. The error rates measured for Pol I under conditions used for oligodeoxynucleotide directed mutagenesis are sufficiently low that extraneous errors should not be induced when the concentrations of dNTPs are balanced. However, even higher fidelity will be obtained using the lowest concentrations of dNTPs consistent with efficient replication (approximately 20 microM). Highly unbalanced concentrations as used in pulsed labelling should be avoided. PMID- 6235379 TI - A comparison of spindle concentrations in large and small muscles acting in parallel combinations. AB - A small short muscle frequently acts across a joint in parallel with a vastly larger and longer muscle; therefore it should play a minimal role in the mechanical control of that joint. This study provides evidence suggesting that the small member of such a "parallel muscle combination" (PMC) may serve an important sensory feedback role. The spindle densities of large and small members of PMCs in man and the dog were determined and compared. Epaxial PMCs controlling canine intervertebral joints were dissected and tissue samples were embedded in paraffin, sectioned transversely to the muscles' long axis and, stained with hematoxylin-periodic acid-Schiff (PAS). Representative tissue sections were projected on to stereological grids and the percentage volume of spindles was determined. Data existing in the literature were used to ascertain spindle densities in human PMCs controlling joints in the cervico-occipital region and the extremities. The spindle density for each muscle in a group of PMCs controlling a particular motion was listed, and the mean spindle densities were determined for both the large and the small members of the group. Student's unpaired t test was used to determine the significance of the differences between mean spindle densities. Linear regression was calculated and the data were plotted graphically. In all PMCs examined, the spindle density of the small muscles was significantly higher than that of their large counterparts. It is therefore proposed that the small muscles of PMCs may function as "kinesiological monitors" generating important proprioceptive feedback to the central nervous system. PMID- 6235378 TI - The complex of T4 bacteriophage gene 44 and 62 replication proteins forms an ATPase that is stimulated by DNA and by T4 gene 45 protein. AB - The bacteriophage T4 genome is believed to encode all of the proteins needed for the replication of its own DNA. Included among these proteins are the "polymerase accessory proteins", the products of T4 genes 44, 62 and 45. The first two of these genes specify the synthesis of the 44/62 protein complex, which is here shown to be a DNA-dependent ATPase, hydrolyzing either ATP or dATP to the corresponding nucleoside diphosphate and releasing inorganic phosphate. This nucleotide hydrolysis is greatly stimulated by addition of the gene 45 protein and by single-stranded DNA termini. A rapid micro DNA-cellulose assay is introduced and used to measure accessory protein binding to the complex of T4 gene 32 protein and single-stranded DNA. In the presence of ATP, the 44/62 protein binds to this complex but not to naked DNA, while the 45 protein requires both the 32 protein and the 44/62 protein for detectable binding. PMID- 6235380 TI - Vitamin content of some normal human brain segments. AB - Nicotinates, pantothenates, riboflavin, vitamins B6 and B12' free (acetyl) and total (free and bound) choline, biopterin, thiamin, biotin, methylated and nonmethylated folates in frontal, temporal, precentral, postcentral, and occipital cortex, thalamus, cerebellum, pons, basal ganglia, and substantia nigra were estimated. Nicotinates are significantly more concentrated in basal ganglia and thalamus than pons. Nonmethylated folate content is not significantly varied in brain segments; the pons contains more methylated folate. Riboflavin content is higher in the basal ganglia and temporal cortex than frontal cortex. Biotin is concentrated in pons and basal ganglia. Thiamin concentration is less in the postcentral cortex than the thalamus and substantia nigra. Biopterin is significantly higher in substantia nigra and basal ganglia than the other brain segments. Total choline content is high in substantia nigra, pons, and thalamus; free (acetyl) choline is significantly elevated in basal ganglia. B12 content is less concentrated in the cortex segments. B6 is highly concentrated in the basal ganglia. Pantothenate content is elevated in pons when compared to the various cortex segments and cerebellum. PMID- 6235381 TI - Contact urticaria and airway obstruction from carbonless copy paper. AB - A 27-year-old woman experienced pruritus, eye and throat irritation, hoarseness, shortness of breath, and fatigue within half and hour of exposure to carbonless copy paper. On two separate occasions, she was purposely challenged in a controlled-blinded fashion with portions of the carbonless copy paper. This resulted on both occasions in contact urticaria of the hand that held the paper and changes in pulmonary function flow-volume loops characteristic of upper airway obstruction. To determine if alterations in prostaglandin (PG) metabolism might explain these findings, plasma PGF2 alpha and thromboxane B2 (both capable of causing these symptoms) were measured before and during the second exposure period. Both PGF2 alpha and thromboxane B2 increased substantially. We conclude that the cutaneous and respiratory symptoms induced by carbonless copy paper were probably related to PG release. PMID- 6235382 TI - Myocardial perfusion and left ventricular performance during exercise-induced ST segment depression in apparently healthy subjects. AB - Ischemic-like ST-segment depression seen during exercise in apparently healthy subjects has previously been noted, but the cause of this change is unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the pathophysiology of this electrocardiographic change. Ten healthy subjects who developed an electrocardiographic "ischemic" pattern of ST change during treadmill exercise testing were studied. All subjects underwent both thallium-201 myocardial perfusion imaging and radionuclide angiocardiography at rest and during exercise at a time when abnormal ST changes appeared, and demonstrated a normal homogeneous pattern of thallium-201 distribution on both rest and exercise images. Overall, left ventricular ejection fraction rose from 0.60 +/- 0.06 (mean +/- SD) at rest to 0.65 +/- 0.07 with exercise. None of the subjects had regional wall motion abnormalities at rest or during exercise. These results are different from the findings observed in patients with coronary heart disease and angina pectoris in whom regional abnormalities in both perfusion and left ventricular performance have been noted during exercise. Therefore it would seem that myocardial ischemia is not likely to be a tenable explanation for the electrocardiographic "ischemic" changes in these apparently healthy subjects. PMID- 6235383 TI - Nicorandil releases acetylcholine-induced sustained coronary arterial constriction in monkeys and baboons. AB - The spasmolytic action of nicorandil on coronary circulation was investigated in 3 Japanese monkeys (Macaca fuscata), 1 rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta), and 1 anubis baboon (Papio anubis) anesthetized with pentobarbital. The arterial bed of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) was perfused with autologous arterial blood at a constant pressure close to systolic arterial blood pressure. Single injections of nicorandil (10-300 micrograms) into the LAD produced a dose dependent increase in blood flow without affecting either systemic arterial blood pressure or heart rate. With continuous infusion of acetylcholine into the LAD, the LAD flow decreased to nearly half the basal level, indicating sustained coronary arterial constriction. Under these conditions intra-LAD nicorandil increased the LAD flow virtually to the same extent as before acetylcholine infusion. These effects of nicorandil resemble those of the Ca++-antagonists, diltiazem and nifedipine, but differ from those of nitroglycerin, which is less effective during sustained coronary arterial constriction. The results imply that nicorandil may be as effective as Ca++-antagonists in the treatment of vasospastic angina. PMID- 6235384 TI - [A case of intralobar pulmonary sequestration associated with scoliosis and agenesis of bronchus]. PMID- 6235385 TI - [Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty for subclavian steal syndrome]. PMID- 6235386 TI - [Uptake of 99mTc-MDP by the lung and liver]. PMID- 6235387 TI - Medicolegal investigation of sexual assault material by phosphoglucomutase 1 subtypes. PMID- 6235388 TI - Calcium ion and phospholipid-dependent protein kinase in rod outer segment. AB - The protein kinase in a suspension of bovine rod outer segment was activated by the calcium ion. After the enzyme was extracted from the rod outer segment, the enzymatic activity required not only the calcium ion but also a membrane associated factor for full activity. This factor resisted proteolysis and was extractable with a 2:1 mixture of chloroform/methanol. The factor could be replaced by the phospholipid fraction prepared from the ghosts of erythrocytes. Calcium ion and phospholipid-dependent protein kinase was partially purified by DEAE-Cellulose and Sephadex G-150 column chromatography. The purified protein kinase showed the molecular weight of 8.7 X 10(4) and a sedimentation coefficient of 5.1 S. Among phospholipids, phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylinositol were the most effective as cofactor. Other phospholipids such as phosphatidic acid, diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine were less effective. Phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin were inactive. Calcium was the most potent of all divalent cations examined for activation of the protein kinase, and full enzymatic activity was obtained at 4 X 10(-4) M. Strontium was 9% as potent as calcium, but other divalent cations such as barium, zinc, cobalt and magnesium had no effect. PMID- 6235390 TI - Expression of Fc gamma receptors on a subpopulation of nonlymphoid tumor cells and its enrichment. AB - Nonadherent Fc gamma receptors (Fc gamma R) expressing cells from SEYF-a tumors that form rosettes with sheep erythrocytes coated with IgG antibodies (EA) were isolated by Percoll density gradients. The EA-IgG rosette-forming cells were characterized by the parameters of 1) binding of IgG immune complexes; 2) binding of purified monoclonal antibodies against mouse FcR; 3) sensitivity to complement dependent lysis mediated by syngeneic anti-SEYF-a antibodies; 4) expression of parental H-2 antigen when grown in F1 hybrids; 5) incorporation of [125I]5-iodo 2'-deoxyuridine; and 6) growth in syngeneic mice. The nonadherent EA-IgG rosette forming cell population was found to be composed of both host lymphocytes as well as of tumor cells. Tumor-seeking lymphocytes then were removed from SEYF-a tumors by velocity sedimentation on Percoll. The remaining cell population was tumorigenic and expressed FcR, as well as tumor antigens. These tumor EA-IgG rosette-forming cells exhibited a very low rate of DNA synthesis compared with that of non-rosetting tumor cells. PMID- 6235389 TI - Bidirectional effects of splenectomy on the growth of syngeneic tumor in mice. AB - The effects of splenectomy on tumor growth following inoculation with a relatively large number of cells (1 X 10(7) ) and a smaller number of cells (5 X 10(5) ) of Meth I tumor were studied. When 1 X 10(7) tumor cells were inoculated, tumor growth in splenectomized mice was depressed, while tumor in sham-operated mice grew progressively. On the contrary, when 5 X 10(5) tumor cells were inoculated, the tumor take was lower in sham-operated than in splenectomized mice. The spleen cells from mice inoculated with either a large or small number of tumor cells, showed an equally potent cytotoxic activity, but no detectable suppressor cell activity. On the other hand, the activity of immunosuppressive factor was detected in sera from mice inoculated with 1 X 10(7) tumor cells, but not in those given 5 X 10(5) cells. The effect of splenectomy on tumor growth is, thus, bidirectional, depending on the dose of tumor cells inoculated. PMID- 6235391 TI - [Differential diagnosis of the premature ventricular repolarization syndrome and myocardial lesions]. PMID- 6235392 TI - [Interrelation of the processes of energy release and demand in the myocardium with its contractile function in acquired heart defects]. AB - Patients with acquired heart defects show oxidative phosphorylation disorders and reduced actomyosin ATPase activity. The markedness of changes is proportionate to the severity of valvular lesion as well as heart and myocardial failure. A relationship is demonstrated between disorders of energy generation and utilization, and contractility changes in the myocardium. PMID- 6235393 TI - [Giant lipoma of the spermatic cord in a patient with Rosh-Leri lipomatosis]. PMID- 6235394 TI - [Prof. Mikhail Sergeevich Astrov (on the centenary of his birth)]. PMID- 6235395 TI - [Mistakes in the diagnosis of breast cancer and possible ways for their elimination]. PMID- 6235397 TI - [Methodology of clinical case discussions with 4th-year students in the Department of Surgery]. PMID- 6235396 TI - [Roentgenoendovascular valvuloplasty of isolated pulmonary stenosis by balloon dilatation]. PMID- 6235398 TI - Abnormality of an index of alveolar-capillary barrier permeability associated with respiratory tract infection in the rat. AB - The study investigated the role of subclinical respiratory tract infection in producing an abnormality of lung function assessed by measuring an index of the permeability of the blood-gas barrier to 99mTcDTPA. Pasteurella pneumotropica was grown from throat swabs taken from 9 female rats age 10 weeks at the time of the experiment and housed under conventional husbandry conditions for 4 weeks previously. There was a significant association between the amount of bacteriological growth and an abnormality of the index of permeability. In contrast to this finding, there was no bacterial growth and no abnormality of function found in 12 female rats age 6 weeks, kept under strict barrier maintained conditions. This finding emphasises the need for great care to be taken in the husbandry of animals used in scientific research. PMID- 6235399 TI - Presence of IgA-producing cells in rats and mice in relation to microbial status. AB - The numbers of IgA-producing cells in intestinal mucosa, mesenteric lymph nodes, lungs and bronchial lymph nodes were scored in rats and mice. A statistically significant difference in the scores existed between germ-free and SPF mice and between gnotobiotic and SPF rats. In a group of SPF rats a statistically significant difference in the scores was demonstrated in relation to several bacterial and viral agents. PMID- 6235400 TI - Effects of speech and speech and sign instruction on oral language learning and generalization of action + object combinations by Down's syndrome children. AB - This study was designed to compare the effects of speech and speech-plus-sign stimulation during comprehension treatment on the oral language learning and generalization of action + object relational meanings. Ten home-reared Down's syndrome children in Early Stage 1 received concurrent comprehension treatment in Speech and Speech-Sign conditions using a miniature linguistic system. Upon attainment of criterion level performance in both conditions, generalization tasks were administered to measure the effects of the comprehension treatment on the comprehension and the production of treated and untreated action + object combinations. The results obtained from this study indicated that the two treatment conditions did not differ significantly for either learning or generalization. The data did, however, indicate that individual patterns of acquisition were evident among the children. Caution is advised concerning the automatic adoption or rejection of manual sign as part of oral language intervention programs. PMID- 6235401 TI - A baboon flow-regulated shunt for the study of small caliber vascular grafts. AB - Synthetic vascular grafts often occlude when used in low-flow high-resistance reconstructions. In order to study the pathophysiology of graft failure a flow regulated ex vivo shunt was designed for insertion into the baboon femoral artery and vein. Synthetic graft materials (4 mm i.d.) can be placed into the shunt circuit and studied at known rates of flow for uptake of 111In-labeled platelets. Segments of the grafts can be removed from the shunt circuit at specified time intervals for morphologic study with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In this paper the shunt model is described in detail and early experiments with it are reported. Labeled platelet uptake and SEM studies suggest that flow rate and graft composition influence the deposition of platelets and other blood components on graft surfaces. At high-flow knitted Dacron attracts large numbers of platelets, and becomes covered with a nearly confluent platelet-protein carpet within 1 hr. At low flow platelet uptake and development of the platelet-protein carpet is slower. Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) attracts few platelets at high flow rates, but at lower-flow rates begins to develop a platelet-protein carpet similar to that seen on knitted Dacron. Flow-related factors influencing platelet deposition are discussed and further experiments to be carried out with this model are described. PMID- 6235402 TI - The immunomodulating effect of TP5 and indomethacin in burn-induced hypoimmunity. AB - Hypoimmunity after major trauma and thermal injury appears to predispose to septicemia. An increase of immune suppressive T cells and the inhibitory monocytes product PGE2 has been demonstrated postburn and are suggested as contributing to postburn hypoimmunity. TP5, the biologically active part of thymopoientin, has an immunomodulating effect on T cells. Indomethacin, an irreversible blocker of the prostaglandin synthesis has been suggested to reduce the inhibitory monocytes-mediated immunosuppression. In this study strains 2 and 13 guinea pigs received 20-30% TBSA scald burn and were subsequently injected with either TP5 or indomethacin or a combination of both on the 3 following days postburn. The ability of splenocytes to produce a secondary immune response to SRBC was measured in the in vitro AFC assay. The animals who had received TP5 and indomethacin showed significant improvement in their ability to mount an immune response in the AFC assay. PMID- 6235403 TI - The interrelationship between plasma 5-ene adrenal androgens in normal women. AB - Plasma concentrations of 5-androstene-3 beta,17 beta-diol (ADIOL) dehydroepiandrosterone (DHA) dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHAS) and cortisol were measured by radioimmunoassay in a group of women aged between 27 and 88 years of age. There was a significant negative correlation with increased age for all three adrenal androgens but not for cortisol. The decrease in adrenal androgens was not related to an excessive divergence from ideal body weight. There was a highly significantly positive correlation between plasma concentrations of all three adrenal androgens which supports a metabolic interrelationship. PMID- 6235404 TI - The effect of preclotting on surface thrombogenicity and thromboembolic complications of Dacron grafts in the canine thoracic aorta. AB - Previous reports have advocated preclotting and autoclaving of Dacron grafts to prevent graft hemorrhage, yet no data delineate possible changes in surface thrombogenicity or thromboembolic risks. To assess these factors, preclotted and preclotted-autoclaved woven Dacron prostheses were implanted in the thoracic aorta of 31 dogs. Grafts were harvested 1 week to 1 month following implantation, and the thrombus-free surface of each graft was calculated by computerized morphometry. Values for thrombus-free surface were lowest in autoclaved grafts preclotted in nonheparinized blood (72%) or in heparinized blood (78%). Grafts preclotted in platelet-rich plasma and autoclaved had a thrombus-free surface value of 85%. Regular preclotted grafts or grafts without preclotting had the greatest thrombus-free surface value (97% and 99%). Distal embolization to the kidneys was detected in seven of 31 animals (23%). No emboli were found in animals with grafts that were not preclotted or if grafts were preclotted with platelet-rich plasma and autoclaved. Thrombus-free surface values were lower (p less than 0.01) in grafts with embolic complications (71% versus 91%). These data suggest that, if the risk of severe bleeding in fully heparinized patients precludes the use of a woven Dacron graft without preclotting, autoclaving a graft preclotted with platelet-rich plasma appears to be the method of choice. PMID- 6235405 TI - Heterogeneity of non-T, non-B acute lymphocytic leukemia defined by the quantitative expression of Ia and common all antigens. AB - The Ia antigens and the common acute lymphoblastic leukemia antigens (CALLA) accessible on the cell surface were quantitated in newly diagnosed patients with non-T, non-B ALL using monoclonal antibodies and a cellular radioimmunoassay. The levels of both antigens expressed in molecules of RAM-Fc bound per cell exhibited a wide range of variation amongst patients. Ia levels, measured with monoclonal antibody 21w4 which recognizes a monomorphic epitope of human Ia molecules, were between 5.0 X 10(4) and 87 X 10(4) molecules per cell in 37 patients. CALLA levels measured with BA-3 or J-5 antibody varied from 3.4 X 10(4) to 22 X 10(4) molecules per cell in 13 patients. In 12/13 cases for which Ia and CALLA were quantitated simultaneously, the amount of Ia was found to be higher than that of CALLA. A positive correlation (p less than 0.02) between the levels of these two antigens was observed suggesting that ALL cells with the highest levels of Ia also had the highest levels of CALLA. In addition, our results suggest a possible correlation (0.05 less than p less than 0.1) between the amount of Ia expressed on the leukemic cells and the white blood cell count of the patient at the time of diagnosis. The data indicate that non-T, non-B ALL are heterogeneous with respect to their expression of Ia and CALLA antigens. A longitudinal study of non T, non-B ALL patients will allow us to assess if the levels of Ia and CALLA at diagnosis are correlated with prognosis of the disease in these patients. PMID- 6235406 TI - Discrimination between autofluorescence and specific fluorescence in immunofluorescence work. PMID- 6235407 TI - Regulatory counteraction to IL-2 activity. PMID- 6235408 TI - Role of helper factor production in the autologous MLR on the development of cytotoxic T cells. PMID- 6235410 TI - Preface: hematoporphyrin derivative photoradiation therapy. PMID- 6235409 TI - Signal processor for laser Doppler tissue flowmeters. PMID- 6235411 TI - Exposure (dose) tables for hematoporphyrin derivative photoradiation therapy. AB - Two sets of tables are presented that permit the rapid determination of (1) milliwatts per centimeter2 based upon known site diameter and power output from fiber optic and (2) time of exposure (minutes and seconds) based upon known site diameter and power output from fiber optic. PMID- 6235412 TI - Photoradiation therapy of endobronchial lung cancers employing the photodynamic action of hematoporphyrin derivative. AB - Thirty-five patients with tumors within the tracheobronchial tree were treated with photoradiation therapy (PRT) employing the photodynamic action of hematoporphyrin derivative (HPD). An effective protocol has been developed consisting of 3.0 mg/kg HPD given intravenously 72 hours prior to the bronchoscopic illumination of the endobronchial tumor sites with red light (630 nm) from an argon pumped dye laser. Light applicators were developed that provided surface (area) and insertion (volume) illumination of tumor masses. Average light dosages of 100 J/cm2 and 200 J/cm were used for surface and insertion illumination, respectively. Delivery rates were 200 mW/cm2 and 400 mW/cm. There was no immediate visible effect such as coagulation or charring noted. All malignant endobronchial tumors responded. Tumors included primary and metastatic lesions of various histologic types. Response was complete for tumor within the bronchus after one treatment in 80% of instances. The remaining cases required two treatments to obtain a complete response due to the extensive length of bronchus involved or because multiple sites were present. A complete response, that is, the full opening up of the lumen to the bronchial wall, was accomplished in all but one instance. Atelectatic lungs or lobes were re-expanded and reaerated. Dyspnea and cough became significantly less. The follow-up achieved to date indicates improvement in symptoms, activity level, and the return to work in a significant number of cases. PMID- 6235413 TI - Application of hematoporphyrin derivative and laser-induced photodynamical reaction in the treatment of lung cancer: a preliminary report on 21 cases. AB - This paper reports results of hematoporphyrin derivative based on photodynamic therapy (PDT) of 24 lung cancer lesions in 21 patients that were followed at least three months. Three of 24 lesions exhibited complete remission and 20 of 24 lesions exhibited a response to PDT. Tumors in twenty of twenty-one patients exhibited visually discernible hematoporphyrin derivative fluorescence upon irradiation with the 514-nm line from an argon ion laser. There were no severe complications due to PDT. The hematoporphyrin derivative, argon iin laser pumped dye laser (rhodamine B) system,and quartz fiber we used in this clinical series were all made in the People's Republic of China. PMID- 6235414 TI - Hematoporphyrin derivative and photoradiation therapy in early stage lung cancer. AB - Photoradiation therapy (PRT) with administration of hematoporphyrin derivative (HPD) was performed in ten cases of early stage central-type lung cancer of which six cases were treated by PRT alone due to inoperability because of poor pulmonary function in five and refusal of surgery in one. Four cases were resected after PRT. In the former, complete tumor remission was obtained in all six and in the latter, complete tumor remission was seen in one and significant remission in three. In the nonresected cases four cases are disease-free at 17-41 months and the remaining two cases died of chronic obstructive lung disease and cerebral infarction 16 and 31 months after PRT, respectively. The resected cases are disease-free 7-32 months after surgery. Indications of PRT in early stage lung cancer are discussed according to histological findings of resected specimen. PMID- 6235415 TI - Clinical measurement of tumor fluorescence using a new diagnostic system with hematoporphyrin derivative, laser photoradiation, and a spectroscope. AB - Hematoporphyrin derivative (HPD) is retained by malignant tumors and emits fluorescence with peaks of 630 and 690 nm wavelength when HPD is exposed to light. It is therefore theoretically possible to make a diagnosis of malignant tumors by detecting the fluorescence of HPD. The authors developed a spectroscope system compatible with fiberoptic endoscopes to analyze the shape of the fluorescence light spectrum. We could clearly recognize the HPD-specific fluorescence in human cancer foci. This system can be applied to the measurement of the relative amount of HPD absorbed in superficial tumor tissue before the photodynamic therapy. This might suggest the extent of tumor. The clinical diagnostic applications of this system are described in this study. PMID- 6235417 TI - Evaluation of hematoporphyrin photoradiation therapy to treat choroidal melanomas. AB - Hematoporphyrin derivative-photoradiation therapy (HPD-PRT) was used to treat choroidal melanomas in 23 human subjects. Tumor sizes were divided into three categories: less than 500 mm3 (11 patients), 500-1,000 mm3 (four patients), and greater than 1,000 mm3 (eight patients). Tumors were exposed to 630 nm laser light at total doses of 300-3,000 J/cm2. Significant tumor reduction was noted in the subjects with initial tumor volume of less than 500 mm3 and 500-1,000 mm3. PMID- 6235416 TI - Laser photoradiation therapy of cancer: an update of the experience at the University of California, Irvine. AB - This update of the experience at the University of California at Irvine with laser photoradiation therapy (PRT) encompasses the period between May 1981 and June 1983. The results of treatment of 77 patients are reported (head and neck, 39; breast, 33; and lung 5). Head and neck cancer patients received treatment to 114 sites with a complete response (CR) in 28, partial response (PR) in 42, stable disease (SD) in three, and no response (NR) in 34, and an undetermined response in seven. Breast cancer patients were treated in 395 sites with CR in 222, PR in 74, SD in one, NR in 92, and undetermined response in six. The lung cancer patients in this series responded poorly, if at all. In addition to the above patient trials, we have investigated the interaction of laser hematoporphyrin derivative (HPD)-PRT with a chemotherapeutic agent, Cisplatin, against an experimental tumor (RIF-1) in an animal model. We have been unable to demonstrate an additive effect of laser HPD-PRT at total light doses of 25 J/cm2 and 75 J/cm2 with Cisplatin at a dose of 7 mg/kg. However, no additional toxicity was observed in combination therapy, suggesting that sequential application of laser HPD-PRT and Cisplatin may be safely employed in clinical situations. Another area of investigation has been the evaluation of the light-scattering characteristics of a lipid emulsion designed for laser HPD-PRT of bladder tumors. We have demonstrated that it is feasible to gain uniform illumination of the bladder surface with the use of this light-dispersing medium.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6235418 TI - Evaluation of visual acuity during laser photoradiation therapy of cancer. AB - Visual function for ten patients undergoing HPD-PRT was tested using 1) the Graham Field Eye Chart for distance vision, 2) pseudo-isochromatic plates for color vision, and 3) Amsler grid for changes in macular function. Whereas some increases and decreases in ocular function were observed, no clear patterns or changes of significance were observed. PMID- 6235422 TI - Interstitial applications of laser irradiation in hematoporphyrin derivative photosensitized Dunning R3327 prostate cancers. AB - Two prostate tumour models (Dunning R3327H and AT) were tested in rats to see if they were sensitive to hematoporphyrin-photoradiation therapy (HPD-PRT). The R3327H tumours were irradiated by implantation of a single fiber optic and the R3327 AT tumours were treated with implantation of four fiber optics simultaneously. Thermal measurements made at the tip of the fiber and up to 1 cm from the tip indicated temperature rises from 1.5 degree C to 20 degrees C at the tip and 0 degree to 8 degrees C distal to the tip, with power densities ranging from 100 mW to 500 mW. The R3327H tumour was controlled up to 8 weeks post-HPD PRT, when the initial tumour size was 400-500 mm3. The R3327 AT tumours also respond to the HPD-PRT but a significant laser-induced thermal rise in the tumour is suspected. PMID- 6235420 TI - Enhanced tumor control following sequential treatments of photodynamic therapy (PDT) and localized microwave hyperthermia in vivo. AB - Photodynamic therapy (PDT), or photoradiation therapy (PRT), utilizing hematoporphyrin derivative (HPD) as photosensitizer and an argon-dye laser system as the light source, was used alone and in combination with localized microwave hyperthermia (2450 MHz) to treat axillary tumors of the SMT-F mammary carcinoma in mice. Thirty-minute heat treatments were applied either immediately before or immediately after a standard PDT treatment of 630 nm light at 75 mW/cm2 for 30 min (135 J/cm2) given 24 hr post-7.5 mg/kg HPD, intraperitoneally (i.p.). Tumor control as judged by lack of tumor regrowth 35 days or longer after the combined treatments was compared to that following each treatment when given alone. Little or no enhancement of tumor control was seen when sublethal temperatures of 37.5, 38.5, and 39.5 degrees C were applied for 30 min immediately following the PDT treatment. However, increasing levels of enhancement were seen when heat treatments of 40.5 and 41.5 degrees C or 44.5 degrees C, given for 30 min, were applied immediately before or after the photodynamic treatment. PMID- 6235421 TI - Laser photoradiation therapy of cancer: possible role of hyperthermia. AB - Two patients were treated at 20 different tumor sites by hematoporphyrin derivative (HPD) photoradiation therapy (PRT). An infrared detector was used to record changes in surface temperature during laser exposure. A temperature rise of up to 4.9 degrees C was recorded for a total energy of 15-30 J/cm2 and less than 150 mW/cm2. For 508 mW/cm2 and 15-20 J/cm2 a temperature rise of 7.0 degrees C was detected. The results suggest a possible role of hyperthermia in HPD-PRT. PMID- 6235419 TI - Response of psoriasis to red laser light (630 nm) following systemic injection of hematoporphyrin derivative. AB - Systemically injected hematoporphyrin derivative (HPD) in combination with red laser light (630 nm) was used to treat a patient with intraepithelial neoplasia of the vulva. Since the patient had psoriasis in the mons pubis area this region also was exposed to the red light. The psoriasis treatment area was divided into two regions receiving 40 and 20 J/cm2. Both psoriatic zones responded vigorously to the HPD + light treatment, forming eschars by 1 week postirradiation. All three treatment zones (the neoplastic area and the two psoriatic areas) underwent normal reepithelialization by 17 days. PMID- 6235423 TI - Hematoporphyrin derivative photoradiation therapy of the rat 9L gliosarcoma brain tumor model. AB - The distribution of hematoporphyrin derivative (HPD) in the rat 9L gliosarcoma intracerebral brain tumor model at 4, 24, 48, and 72 hours after intravenous administration was evaluated using a digital video fluorescence microscopy technique. Maximum tissue fluorescence in the normal brain was observed at 4 hours, whereas maximum fluorescence in the tumor regions occurred at 24 hours. Although the fluorescence counts suggested that there was significant uptake of HPD within the tumors when compared to normal brain, only 33% to 44% of each of the eight tumors surveyed showed fluorescence. In response to a laser light dose (633 nm) of 30 J/cm2, six rats that had been sensitized with HPD had a patchy coagulation necrosis involving up to 70% of the total tumor volume. In contrast, four rats given HPD only or exposed to laser only had no areas of necrosis, as observed on histological examination. In a group of 30 rats, no prolongation of survival was observed in response to photoradiation therapy. PMID- 6235424 TI - Distinct target size of dopamine D-1 and D-2 receptors in rat striatum. AB - Frozen rat striatal tissue was exposed to 10 MeV electrons from a linear accelerator. Based on the theory of target size analysis, the molecular weights of dopamine D-1 receptors (labelled by 3H-piflutixol) and dopamine D-2 receptors (labelled by 3H-spiroperidol) were 79,500 daltons and 136,700 daltons, respectively. The size of the dopamine-stimulated adenylate cyclase was 202,000 daltons. The estimated molecular sizes were deduced by reference to proteins with known molecular weights which were irradiated in parallel. The results showed that the molecular entities for 3H-piflutixol binding and 3H-spiroperidol binding were not identical. The present results do not allow conclusions as to whether D 1 and D-2 receptors are two distinct proteins in the membrane, or whether the receptors are located on the same protein. In the latter case the binding of 3H spiroperidol needs the presence of a second molecule. PMID- 6235425 TI - Effects of streptozotocin in the male guinea pig: a potential animal model for studying diabetes. AB - The effects of acutely administered streptozotocin in the male guinea pig were studied for a period of 18 days following treatment. A single intracardiac injection of streptozotocin (150 mg/kg) was administered on Day 0. On Day 2, plasma glucose concentrations were not significantly different from control levels. On Day 7 and 18, an oral glucose tolerance test was performed with streptozotocin-treated animals receiving an acute injection of either insulin (18 U/kg, i.m.) or saline 90 minutes prior to glucose loading. On Day 7, streptozotocin-treated animals receiving saline had significantly elevated plasma and urine glucose concentrations at 3 hours after glucose loading when compared to controls. Streptozotocin-treated animals receiving insulin however, had significantly lower plasma glucose concentrations at 3 hours while urinary glucose was equal to control values. The second glucose tolerance test performed on Day 18 yielded similar results. Necropsies were performed on animals that died after Day 6. Lesions found in the streptozotocin-treated animals included: small and irregular pancreatic islets, pyknotic nuclei and degranulation of beta cells, renal proximal tubule swelling and vacuolization, adrenal cortical hyperplasia, hepatocyte vacuolization, and visceral fat atrophy. Animals surviving until Day 18 were sacrificed and found to have significantly elevated kidney and adrenal weights compared to controls. These changes illustrate the effectiveness of streptozotocin in the acute chemical induction of diabetes in an animal model (guinea pig) which, like humans, requires a dietary source of ascorbic acid. PMID- 6235426 TI - Decrease in suppressor/cytotoxic T-cells with histamine receptors in patients with chronic active hepatitis. AB - A fluorescence assay was employed to measure the levels of circulating suppressor/cytotoxic T cells with membrane receptors for histamine (H+T cells) in 33 patients with chronic active hepatitis, in seven patients with metabolic and vascular liver disorders and in 25 healthy individuals. The H+T cells were decreased in patients with CAH (4.6 +/- 2.2 cells/mm3 vs 16 +/- 3.9 cells/mm3; p less than 0.001), but were normal in patients with metabolic or vascular liver diseases (17.6 +/- 6 cells/mm3 vs 16 +/- 3.9 cells/mm3; NS). Patients with HBsAg negative CAH had fewer circulating H+T cells than those with HBsAg-positive CAH (p less than 0.05). The same was true for patients with cirrhosis as compared to those without. The lymphocyte alterations were independent of the nature and course of CAH, but correlated inversely with the serum levels of gammaglobulins and with the histological features of hepatic inflammation (p less than 0.05). Like other sets of lymphocytes, the H+T cells in CAH may have locally either immunomodulatory or cytotoxic effects. In analogy with other immune disorders (histiocytosis X, atopic dermatitis), one might speculate that the alterations in H+T cells in CAH represent derangement of the immunoregulatory cell network. The absence of systemic features of autoimmunity in viral CAH correlates with the demonstration that H + T cells exert their immunoregulatory effects at the sites of inflammation where histamine is being released. PMID- 6235427 TI - Congenital malformations: are they preventable? PMID- 6235428 TI - [Work experience of a nurses' council in assuring a sanitary epidemiologic regimen]. PMID- 6235429 TI - [Our polyclinic]. PMID- 6235430 TI - Binding, activation, and solubilization of the Ca2+-ATPase from sarcoplasmic reticulum by nonionic detergents. AB - Interactions between delipidated Ca2+-ATPase from sarcoplasmic reticulum and four nonionic detergents--dodecyl octaoxyethyleneglycol monoether (C12E8), Triton X 100, Brij 58, and Brij 35--were characterized with respect to activation of ATPase activity, binding, and solubilization. C12E8 and Triton X-100 activated the delipidated ATPase to at least 80% of the original activity at the critical micelle concentrations (CMCs), whereas Brij 58 and Brij 35 activated no more than 10% of the original activity. The inability of Brij 58 and Brij 35 to activate the delipidated enzyme was probably a result of reduced binding of these detergents below the CMCs; both detergents exhibited a sixteenfold reduction in binding at the CMC compared with C12E8. The two Brij detergents were also unable to solubilize the delipidated enzyme and form monomers, as determined by sedimentation experiments. Thus the reduced binding levels of these detergents may result from an inability to overcome protein/protein interactions in the delipidated preparation. However, the Brij detergents were capable of solubilizing active enzyme from membrane vesicles, although with lower efficiency than C12E8 and Triton X-100. These results suggest that Brij 58 and 35 may be useful for solubilization of membrane proteins without disrupting protein/protein interactions, while Triton X-100 and C12E8 are more useful when bulk solubilization is the goal. PMID- 6235431 TI - Effects of Cd2+ on ATP-driven membrane potential in beef heart mitochondrial H+ ATPase: a study using the voltage-sensitive probe oxonol VI. AB - Beef heart mitochondrial H+-ATPase (F1-F0) vesicles were prepared by lysolecithin extraction of ETPH. ATP-driven membrane potential was monitored indirectly by following absorbance changes of the potential-sensitive dye oxonol VI. The steady state potential was discharged by oligomycin and/or Cd2+ (a dithiol reagent). At 13 degrees C, the agents appeared to act synergistically; at 24 degrees C the data were equivocal. When Cd2+ was added before energization, the membrane potential was markedly attenuated. Both effects of Cd2+ were inhibited by dithiothreitol. The activation energy for oligomycin-sensitive ATPase exhibited a discontinuity at 16 degrees C. However, the temperature dependence of the rate of potential discharge by oligomycin showed no such discontinuity. The results are discussed in terms of the involvement of thiol groups in proton translocation and the thermotropic behavior of the membrane vesicles. PMID- 6235432 TI - [Effect on the orientation of the membrane vesicles of Escherichia coli of various methods of cell disintegration]. AB - As was demonstrated using the Con-A polymer, membranous fractions prepared by various cell disintegration procedures are a heterogeneous population. The population includes right side out vesicles and inside out vesicles whose proportion depends on the procedure of disintegration. The orientation of these vesicles was studied by electron microscopy, their ATPase activity was assayed by cytochemical techniques, and the morphology of the vesicles was also investigated. The authors discuss the possible effect of Con-A on the reorganisation of membranes and the activity of ATPase. PMID- 6235433 TI - Down's syndrome and tongue size. PMID- 6235434 TI - Compensable asbestos-related disease in New South Wales. PMID- 6235435 TI - [Prognosis of the epidemiology of opisthorchiasis in the area of the projected Ob Amu Darya canal in the Kazakh SSR]. PMID- 6235436 TI - [Economic effectiveness of measures for controlling intestinal nematode infections]. PMID- 6235437 TI - [Clinico-epidemiological characteristics of trichinelliasis from synanthropic and natural foci in Byelorussia]. PMID- 6235438 TI - [Effect of agricultural reclamation and sanitation measures on the epidemiology of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis in Kashka-Darya Province, Uzbek SSR]. PMID- 6235439 TI - [Autogenesis of Wilhelmia equina L. (Diptera, Simuliidae) in natural populations]. PMID- 6235441 TI - Work-related allergies in insect-raising facilities. PMID- 6235440 TI - [Use of the immunofluorescence reaction in diagnosing visceral leishmaniasis in the Turkmen SSR]. PMID- 6235442 TI - [An experience with Nakajo's method for large intact omphaloceles --success in 6 newborn infants]. AB - Six serial newborn cases with large intact omphaloceles treated by Nakajo's method (modified Schuster's) were reported. The different point of this method from Schuster's is as follows; the silastic sheets are sutured to the skin around omphalocele, not to the rectus fascia. This procedure can be carried out under local anesthesia. As amnionic membrane leaves intact, reduction and trimming of the sheet can be safely done without anesthesia and injury of the intestine can be avoided. Stretching the abdominal wall and increasing the size of the abdominal cavity are the same as in Schuster's method. In this series, direct suture of abdominal wall became possible within a 5 to 10 day period after the first procedure. All six babies are alive. In conclusion, Nakajo's method is safe and useful one for large intact omphaloceles. PMID- 6235444 TI - The monocyte binding domain(s) on human immunoglobulin G. AB - Monocyte binding has previously been assigned to the C gamma 3 domain of human immunoglobulin G (IgG) largely on the ability of the pFc' fragment to inhibit the monocyte-IgG interaction. This ability is markedly reduced compared to the intact parent IgG. We find this result with a conventional pFc' preparation but this preparation is found to contain trace contamination of parent IgG as demonstrated by reactivity with monoclonal antibodies directed against C gamma 2 domain and light-chain epitopes of human IgG. Extensive immunoaffinity purification of the pFc' preparation removes its inhibitory ability indicating that this originates in the trace contamination of parent IgG (or Fc). Neither of the human IgG1 paraproteins TIM, lacking the C gamma 2 domain, or SIZ, lacking the C gamma 3 domain, are found to inhibit the monocyte-IgG interaction. The hinge-deleted IgG1 Dob protein shows little or no inhibitory ability. Indirect evidence for the involvement of the C gamma 2 domain in monocyte binding is considered. We suggest finally that the site of interaction is found either on the C gamma 2 domain alone or between the C gamma 2 and C gamma 3 domains. PMID- 6235446 TI - The cellular basis of immune senescence. PMID- 6235445 TI - Photoaffinity-labeled hapten-binding T-cell receptor on a suppressor T-cell hybridoma. AB - A T-cell hydridoma, 7C3-13-Ag6, which produces a (4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)acetyl (NP)-specific suppressor T-cell factor associated with an I-J determinant, was utilized to study the hapten-binding receptor of T-cells. This hybridoma had been shown to express NP-binding receptor molecules on the cell surface with heteroclitic fine specificity for a cross-reactive hapten, (4-hydroxy-5-iodo-3 nitrophenyl) acetyl (NIP). The stoichiometric analysis of the hapten binding by 7C3-13-Ag6 cells was performed by the measurement of direct binding of highly radioactive haptens to the cell surface. The affinity constant (Ka) of the receptor for N125IP-epsilon-aminocaproic acid (N125IP-cap), as calculated from a Hill plot, was 5.75 X 10(7) M-1 [Hill coefficient (a) = 0.86; expression of receptor sites per cell = approximately 1 X 10(3) on average]. The receptor molecule was specifically affinity labeled with photoreactive nitroaryl azide derivatives of N125IP (510-570 Ci/mmole). The specificity of photoaffinity labeling was demonstrated both by competitive inhibition of labeling with NIP- or NP-cap and by differential photoaffinity labeling based on the reversibility of hapten-receptor interaction. The gel electrophoretic analysis of the photoaffinity-labeled molecule indicated that the hapten-binding receptor of 7C3 13-Ag6 has a mol. wt of 28,000 +/- 3000 and an isoelectric point of 5.6-5.7. No immunoglobulin determinants were detected on the molecule. A comparative immunoprecipitation analysis of the membrane lysate of 7C3-13-Ag6 with monoclonal anti-I-J reagents identified a separate I-J molecule of 25,000 +/- 1000 mol. wt that is distinct from the photoaffinity-labeled hapten-binding molecule. PMID- 6235447 TI - Regulation of natural killer cell activation: implementation for the control of tumor metastasis. AB - The cellular interactions that regulate natural killer (NK) cell-mediated cytotoxicity and antimetastatic activity following treatment with biological response modifiers (BRM) were studied. The transient activation of NK cells by a single injection of Corynebacterium parvum is followed by a refractory period during which a second injection of BRM fails to stimulate the already depressed NK cell activity. During this hyporesponsive period, the in vivo NK cell dependent BRM-induced antimetastatic activity is markedly reduced and cannot be enhanced by multiple injections of BRM. A correlation exists between the generation of hyporesponsiveness to NK cell activation and the activation of suppressor macrophages by C. parvum. BRM that selectively activate NK cells without subsequently activating suppressor macrophages do not induce hyporesponsiveness to further activation of NK cells in vivo and, when given in multiple injections, retain the ability to inhibit hematogenous tumor metastasis. PMID- 6235443 TI - Effect of 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine and hydroxyurea on the phytohemagglutinin induced increase of thymidine kinase, replicative DNA polymerase, deoxycytidylate deaminase and CDP reductase activities in human lymphocytes. AB - The inhibitors of DNA synthesis, 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine and hydroxyurea, caused an inhibition of thymidine kinase, replicative DNA polymerase and CDP reductase activities in stimulated lymphocytes when they were exposed to the inhibitors during the early transformation period (0-17 hr). However, the enzyme activities were unaffected when the inhibitors were added to cells stimulated for more than 17 hr. As opposed to these enzymes the deoxycytidylate deaminase activity was unaffected by the inhibitors during the entire transformation period (0-28 hr). This indicates a close regulatory mechanism in lymphocytes between DNA synthesis and induction of enzymes involved in DNA replication. The inhibitory mechanism exerted by the inhibitors is for the moment unknown. It might be independent of the well-known inhibition of the target enzymes, thymidylate synthetase and ribonucleoside diphosphate reductase, since there was no immediate apparent correlation in time between depletion of the pool sizes and the inhibition of the enzyme activities. PMID- 6235448 TI - Mechanism of loss of natural killer activity in P815 ascites tumor bearing DBA/2 mice. AB - P815 tumor cells (10(7] were administered intraperitoneally to DBA/2 mice. As the ascites tumor grew in the syngeneic host, a decline leading to a total loss of host spleen natural killer (NK) activity could be demonstrated. Removal of T and B cells or macrophages from the tumor-bearing (TB) mouse spleen cells did not raise the level of NK activity. Spleen cells from TB mice did not inhibit the NK activity of normal spleen cells. Comparable target (YAC cells) binding capacity could be demonstrated in spleen cells derived from normal or TB mice, but interferon failed to significantly stimulate the NK activity of TB mouse spleen cells. In adoptive transfer experiments, transfer of spleen or bone marrow cells from TB mice resulted in the development of significant levels of spleen NK activity in lethally X-irradiated recipient DBA/2 mice. These results indicate that the impairment of NK cell differentiation pathway rather than active suppression at the level of effector cells may be the mechanism of loss of NK activity in P815 TB DBA/2 mice. PMID- 6235449 TI - Partially restorative role of T cells for low interleukin 2 dependent growth of NK cell progenitors from nude mice. AB - The frequency of cells in the spleens of nude mice which could be grown in conditioned medium containing interleukin 2 and of those which developed natural killer (NK)-like activity was evaluated. Although BALB/c nu/nu spleen cells have higher spontaneous NK activity than euthymic mice, they showed a substantially lower frequency of proliferating and cytotoxic cells as compared to BALB/c nu/+ littermates. This defect in cells of nu/nu mice was reversed in part by culturing nu/nu responder cells in the presence of irradiated (3,000 R) splenic or thymic feeder cells that included T cells. In contrast to the dissociation of NK activity and progenitor frequencies in nude mice, the results of parallel studies with spleen cells from euthymic mice indicated that the limiting dilution assay correlated well with previously described features of NK activity. High-NK reactive CBA/J mice were found to have a considerably higher frequency of interleukin 2 dependent NK cell progenitors than low-NK-reactive strains of mice when assessed against NK-susceptible YAC-1 targets. The frequency of progenitors of cells cytotoxic against YAC-1 was higher in spleens of high-NK-reactive mice than that of cells reactive against the NK-insensitive target P-815. Furthermore, the phenotype of the progenitor cells and of the cultured effector cells was consistent with that of NK cells rather than cytotoxic T cells in that the cells expressed asialo GM1, some Thy-1, but no detectable Lyt-1 or Lyt-2 antigens. Thus, the present observations suggest that the subpopulation of NK cell progenitors in nude mice which can grow and develop cytotoxic reactivity in vitro in the presence of interleukin 2 is small, that it can be increased appreciably in the presence of T cells, but that this does not represent the major pathway for development of NK cells in athymic individuals. PMID- 6235450 TI - Effects of antithymocyte serum on cardiac allograft survival in thymectomized splenectomized rats. PMID- 6235451 TI - The importance of the vehicle in the treatment of dermatophytosis in hereditary palmo-plantar keratoderma. PMID- 6235452 TI - Regulation of energy metabolism in Trypanosoma (Schizotrypanum) cruzi epimastigotes. I. Hexokinase and phosphofructokinase. AB - Hexokinase (ATP: hexose 6-phosphotransferase, E.C.2.7.1.1) and phosphofructokinase (ATP:fructose-6-phosphate 1-phosphotransferase, E.C.2.7.1.11), two key regulatory enzymes of the glycolytic pathway in vertebrate cells, have been isolated and partially purified from Trypanosoma (Schizotrypanum) cruzi epimastigotes. Both enzymes are associated with particles sedimentable at 105 000 X gav for 1 h and have a high degree of latency; they can be solubilized by sonication. Hexokinase catalyses the phosphorylation of a series of monosaccharides at the following relative rates: D-glucose (100) congruent to D-fructose (97) greater than 2-deoxy-D-glucose (72) congruent to mannose (69) greater than 2-amino-D-glucose (63) greater than 3-O-methyl-D glucose (21). Very little or no phosphorylating activity was found for D galactose, N-acetyl-2-amino-D-glucose or 1-alpha-methyl-D-glucose. D-Glucose phosphorylation at fixed ATP concentration follows simple Michaelis-Menten kinetics with Km = 40 microM and Vmax = 440 nmol min-1 mg-1 protein. D-Mannose, 2 deoxy-D-glucose and N-acetyl-2-amino-D-glucose act as competitive inhibitors of glucose phosphorylation, suggesting a single kinase. Mg2+-ATP is the preferred phosphoryl donor, ITP and GTP being much less effective. T. cruzi hexokinase is not inhibited by D-glucose 6-phosphate, or by any of the following compounds (2 mM):D-fructose 6-phosphate, D-fructose 1,6-diphosphate, D-glucose 1,6 diphosphate, phosphoenol pyruvate, L-malate and citrate. Phosphofructokinase displays simple Michaelis-Menten kinetics with no evidence of sigmoidicity with respect to D-fructose 6-phosphate at all ATP concentrations tested, giving a Km of 1.31 mM and Vmax = 400 nmol min-1 mg-1 protein at optimal ATP levels. With respect to ATP, the enzyme exhibits Michaelis-Menten kinetics at low concentration (less than 1 mM) of the substrate (Km = 40 microM at 5 mM MgCl2, pH 7.4). A moderate inhibition is observed at high ATP levels (70% of maximal activity at 2 mM). GTP can substitute for ATP as the phosphoryl donor (Km = 79 microM under the same conditions), but produces only very small inhibitory effects at high concentrations. 5'-AMP activates the enzyme by decreasing its Km with respect to D-fructose 6-phosphate without affecting Vm. Other well-known regulators of the activity of this enzyme in procaryote and vertebrate systems such as citrate, phosphoenol pyruvate, ammonium and phosphate ions have no effect in T. cruzi. PMID- 6235453 TI - Hepatitis B vaccine in patients receiving hemodialysis. Immunogenicity and efficacy. AB - We evaluated the immunogenicity and efficacy of hepatitis B vaccine (Heptavax-B) in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial involving 1311 patients receiving hemodialysis in the United States. After three doses of vaccine (40 micrograms each) had been administered, 63 per cent of the patients were antibody positive. After correction for possible passive transfer of antibodies by blood transfusion, only 50 per cent of vaccine recipients were considered vaccine responders. The incidence of hepatitis B viral infection during the 25 months of the trial was much lower than had been anticipated and was virtually the same in the vaccine and placebo recipients (6.4 and 5.4 per cent, respectively). Four cases of hepatitis B occurred in patients who had an apparent antibody response to the vaccine, but in each case either antibody had reached low or undetectable levels before hepatitis B surface antigen was detected or the patient had been receiving immunosuppressive therapy. This study did not demonstrate the efficacy of the vaccine in a population of patients receiving dialysis in whom both the rate of antibody response to hepatitis B vaccine and the viral attack rate were low. Other measures to control transmission of hepatitis B virus in dialysis units, including surveillance for hepatitis B surface antigen and isolation of patients who are positive for the antigen, must be continued. PMID- 6235454 TI - Presence of T-cell receptor mRNA in functionally distinct T cells and elevation during intrathymic differentiation. AB - Understanding the differentiation of functionally distinct subsets of T lymphocytes is essential to unravel their crucial role in the immune response and awaits knowledge of the assembly and expression of genes encoding the T-cell receptor. Recently, we have cloned and sequenced complementary DNA that may specify part of the human T-cell receptor. The deduced protein sequence showed extensive similarity to the entire length of mammalian immunoglobulin light chains. In addition, sequences corresponding to this message undergo somatic rearrangements and are assembled from non-contiguous genomic sequences into a single mRNA molecule, a mechanism similar to those found in the generation of immunoglobulin messages. A related molecule from the mouse was also isolated independently by Hedrick et al. Here we show that the putative T-cell receptor mRNA is expressed at a relatively high level during intrathymic differentiation before decreasing about 10-20-fold in normal, mature peripheral blood T cells and that it can also be detected in T-cell clones with helper and cytotoxic functions, as well as in at least one clone with suppressor properties. PMID- 6235455 TI - [Topical antibiotics in acne?]. PMID- 6235456 TI - [Treatment of spondylolisthesis (stage I-II) by neurosurgical decompression without either osteosynthesis or reduction]. AB - Between 1978 and 1982, 45 patients (44 adults, 1 child) with lumbar isthmic spondylolisthesis (SPL) were operated upon, through a classical posterior approach without setting or fixing. 46 SPL were at the L5-S1 level, 9 at the L4 L5, with 31 class I and 14 class II SPL, according to Meyerding. All the patients had experienced backache with radicular pain. A bilateral interlaminar way with preserving the posterior arch, allowed a large dural and radicular decompression. At the slipping level the wedge-shaped bone was removed while stripping off the disc together with its cartilaginous layer. Every possibility of root compression was cleared up: fibrosis, soft discs, osteophytic spurs, roof of the intervertebral foramina, with exploration of the adjacent levels. Neither bone graft or metallic devices were used. Apophyseal joints and their synovial membrane were denervated by coagulation. The postoperative course was uneventful. Bracing was needed for 2 months. X-ray postoperative follow-up demonstrated an important narrowing of the intervertebral space with constitution of a solid intersomatic fibrous joint without increase of slipping. Good and excellent results were obtained in 68% of cases, fair result in 20% with A 1 to 4 years follow-up. 80% of patients returned to their pre-operative occupation. After reviewing the data of the literature the authors ascertain that more complicated and sophisticated procedures do not bring out better results. They conclude that their safe and simple technique should be widely advocated for lumbar class I and II spondylolisthesis. PMID- 6235458 TI - [Postoperative lumbar extradural arachnoid cyst. Report of two cases and review of the literature]. AB - Two cases of postoperative extradural arachnoid cyst in the lumbar region were reported. The symptoms such as lumbago, sciatica and paresis of foot which were perfectly cured at discharge relapsed after several months of daily business. The two patients were readmitted and reexamined by myelography and computer assisted tomography. In the two patients a cystic pooling of metrizamide having a connection with the subarachnoid space was noted in the same way. At the second operation a small dural tear and an extradural arachnoid cyst were recognized similarly. Burres and coworkers reported that an extradural arachnoid cyst would easily grow through a small dural defect in the lumbar region, because the hydrostatic pressure is higher than that of the cervical level. Our two cases might well coincident with their theory. In consequence of the experience of the two postoperative extradural arachnoid cyst, we give emphasis that even though the dural tear would be small, especially in the lumbar region, it should not be overlooked and be closed carefully with fine sutures. PMID- 6235457 TI - Effect of hyperphenylalaninemia induced during suckling on brain DNA metabolism in rat pups. AB - We studied DNA metabolism (synthesis and degradation) in brain to investigate the effect of hyperphenylalaninemia induced in rats by treatment with PCPA or alpha MPA plus PHE during suckling (4th-20th days of postnatal age) on cell proliferation and naturally occurring cell death. The incorporation of 14C in DNA as percent of total radioactivity in the tissue, 30 min after administration of [14C]thymidine served as a measure of DNA synthesis in vivo, and the amount of radioactivity recovered in DNA as percent of total 14C in the tissues of 21 day old rats, injected with [14C]thymidine on 2nd day after birth, indicated the turnover (degradation) of DNA. The results showed that the DNA content of cerebellum as well as cerebrum was reduced by treatment with PCPA plus PHE, while treatment with alpha MPA plus PHE had no effect on DNA content in cerebellum but reduced the levels in cerebrum. Treatment with PCPA or alpha MPA plus PHE reduced the synthesis of DNA in cerebrum of 11 day old rats but not in 21 day old rats, and the treatments did not affect DNA synthesis in cerebellum of either 11 or 21 day old rats. The turnover (degradation) of DNA was increased in both cerebellum and cerebrum from rats treated with PCPA plus PHE but alpha MPA plus PHE treatment did not alter the DNA turnover either in cerebellum or in cerebrum. The activity of acid DNase was reduced in both cerebellum and cerebrum from 11 as well as 21 day old rats treated with PCPA plus PHE, but the enzyme activity was not altered in the tissues from rats of both ages treated with alpha MPA plus PHE. The data thus indicate that in rats treated with PCPA plus PHE the reduction in cerebral DNA levels occurs due to reduced synthesis and/or increased turnover (degradation) of DNA but that the reduction in cerebellar DNA may occur only as a result of increased turnover (degradation), and that in rats treated with alpha MPA plus PHE the reduction in cerebral DNA must occur due to reduced synthesis. This suggests that treatment of rats with PCPA plus PHE during suckling inhibits cell proliferation and/or increases naturally occurring cell death in both cerebellum and cerebrum while treatment with alpha MPA plus PHE inhibits only cell proliferation and in cerebrum alone. PMID- 6235459 TI - The effect of intrahypothalamic injection of homodimaprit on blood pressure. AB - Bilateral injection of the inhibitor of histamine-N-methyltransferase, SKF 91488, which is also known as homodimaprit (5 micrograms), into the preoptic area of the rat produced delayed hypertension, tachycardia and hyperthermia. Some animals exhibited pulmonary edema. These effects were only noted 18-24 hr after an injection and were not an artifact of the injection, since the administration of artificial cerebrospinal fluid produced none of these effects. At the time noted, lesions of the rostral hypothalamus, including the preoptic area, were evident. Injection of a vasopressin antagonist, intravenously, did not lower the blood pressure of the hypertensive animals nor did previous bilateral adrenal demullation prevent or delay the hypertension or tachycardia. Therefore, it does not appear that hypersecretion of either vasopressin or adrenal catecholamines contributed to the cardiovascular effects. Peripheral pretreatment with the sympathetic neurotoxin 6-hydroxydopamine however, did prevent the delayed rise in blood pressure following an injection of homodimaprit. From these studies, it is concluded that the injection of homodimaprit produces lesions in the preoptic area, resulting in hypertension that is maintained by excessive activation of the sympathetic nervous system. PMID- 6235460 TI - Delivery of active hexosaminidase across the blood-brain barrier in rats. AB - The ability to deliver enzymatically active human hexosaminidase A across the blood-brain barrier and into brain cells of the normal rat was examined. Following osmotic blood-brain barrier modification in the rat, intraarterially administered human hexosaminidase A and B were shown to cross the barrier and enter brain cells. Subcellular fractionation studies demonstrated that most of the human enzyme delivered across the barrier was functionally active and appeared to be inside a subcellular organelle. These studies provide evidence that blood-brain barrier modification permits delivery of functionally active hexosaminidase A into subcellular organelles consistent with that known to be the appropriate site of physiologic activity. PMID- 6235461 TI - Multiple sclerosis: relation of in vitro IgG secretion to T suppressor cell number and function. AB - The proportion of MS patients whose pokeweed mitogen-stimulated mononuclear cells (MNCs) secreted greater than 1,000 ng/ml IgG per 10(6) cells (ie, "high responders") was increased compared with controls. The suppressor effect mediated by a constant number of T8+ cells from high responders, both MS and control, on IgG secretion by standard T helper (T4+) plus B-cell cultures was significantly lower than that for the same number of T8+ cells from "low responders." The proportion of T8+ cells within MNCs from MS patients did not correlate with levels of IgG secretion. Our results indicate that high levels of IgG secretion by MNCs, an occurrence overrepresented in the MS population, is significantly influenced by functional properties of T suppressor cells. PMID- 6235462 TI - [Reflexions on the pathogenesis of inguinal hernia after appendectomy]. PMID- 6235463 TI - [Current possibilities of the timely diagnosis, preoperative staging and prevention of malignant tumors of the ovary. C) Laparoscopy]. PMID- 6235464 TI - [Selective and bioptic lumbo-aortic lymphadenectomy in malignant epithelial tumors of the ovary]. PMID- 6235465 TI - [Follow-up and second-look in epithelial carcinoma of the ovary]. PMID- 6235466 TI - The excitotoxin quinolinic acid is present in the brain of several mammals and its cortical content increases during the aging process. AB - The distribution of the excitotoxin quinolinic acid (QUIN) has been evaluated in the brains of rabbit, guinea pig and rat, using a mass spectrometric method. Furthermore, the cortical content of this molecule has been measured during the development and the aging of the rat. The cortex contained the highest concentration of QUIN in the three species studied. During the rat development the concentration of this molecule increased and unusually high amounts of it were found in approximately 50% of 30-month-old rats. PMID- 6235467 TI - A foreign physician in Russia in the 1930s. PMID- 6235468 TI - [Significance of the colony formation test in ovarian carcinoma]. AB - Methods and evaluation of the human tumor stem cell assay (HTSCA) are described. Advantages and disadvantages of the test system are elaborated. The in vitro/in vivo correlation in the drug screening of human ovarian carcinomas shows that the prediction of sensitivity to a cytotoxic agent is only possible in 64%. Prediction of drug resistance, however, seems to be possible in 95%. The number of patients that profit from the HTSCA seems to be only less than 10%. Our investigations describe the influence of various hormones and antiestrogens on the colony formation of human ovarian carcinoma cells. Tamoxifen and his major metabolite 4-hydroxy-tamoxifen were the most active agents. Both compounds inhibit the colony survival (70% at pharmacological concentrations) of 60% of the screened ovarian carcinomas. A significant correlation to the quantitative level of estrogen or progesterone receptors could not be proved. Colony formation of ovarian carcinoma cells was compared in the HTSCA as described by Hamburger and Salmon and in a methylcellulose-monolayer system. Our results show that the colony formation corresponds to the results of the original HTSCA: Cloning ovarian carcinoma cells in the methylcellulose-monolayer, however, seems to be technically easier and faster. PMID- 6235469 TI - Facilitation of tumor metastasis by operative stress and participation of cell mediated immunity. Experimental study. AB - 5-week-old syngeneic female SD rats were inoculated subcutaneously at the dorsal flank with 200 mg of a metastasizing rat's mammary tumor, MRMT-1. A significantly higher incidence of lung metastasis was observed in the cases in which tumor excision on day 14 was accompanied by 30 min laparotomy than in the cases of simple tumor excision. PHA lymphoblastogenesis on day 17 was significantly lower in the cases of tumor excision plus laparotomy on day 14 than in the cases of simple tumor excision. Winn's assay using splenocytes revealed a postoperative enhanced suppressor activity in the cases undergoing laparotomy stress. Possible participation of the raised suppressor activity to facilitation of metastasis was discussed. PMID- 6235471 TI - Secondary syphilis initially diagnosed from oral lesions. Report of three cases. AB - Three cases of secondary syphilis presenting as painful oral lesions without evidence of systemic disease are reported. In each case the oral lesions led to the diagnosis of secondary syphilis. While two of the cases had well-defined grayish white oral lesions with occasional serpentine or crescent-like configuration, the third case presented extensive oral erosive lesions with hitherto undescribed painful fissures of the tongue. The significance of oral lesions and the dentist's role in their detection are discussed. PMID- 6235470 TI - B- and T-lymphocytes in ocular disease. AB - Ocular inflammatory diseases and ocular adnexal lymphoid tumors have become less obscure and intimidating by virtue of our ability to study the infiltrates in these various diseases for their B-lymphocyte and T-lymphocyte composition. Comparisons are also possible between lymphocytic profiles in the peripheral blood and the precise composition of the in situ infiltrates within the ocular tissue themselves. The availability of monoclonal antibodies, which can determine T-lymphocytic subsets such as T-helper cells and T-suppressor/cytotoxic cells, natural killer cells, and monocytes-histiocytes, has provided a powerful technology for the delineation of the distinctive immune composition of the inflammatory infiltrates, as well as any possible disturbances in T-cell immunoregulation. B-lymphocytes produce immunoglobulins, which may be misdirected as autoantibodies in local or systemic autoimmune diseases. Immunoglobulin mediated and therefore B-cell derived conditions include vasculitis, progressive cicatricial ocular pemphigoid, Mooren's corneal ulcer, scleritis, and hay fever and vernal conjunctivitis. Other diseases in which B-lymphocytes, their immunoglobulin products or immune complexes formed with presently unknown antigens are potentially at fault are chronic non-specific uveitis; iridocyclitis in Behcet's syndrome; Fuch's heterochromic syndrome, ankylosing spondylitis, and Reiter's syndrome; Graves' disease; and idiopathic inflammatory orbital pseudotumor and myositis. T-cells do not produce immunoglobins, but rather secrete lymphokines or interact directly with receptors or determinants on viruses or target tissues (eg. immunosurveillance against neoplasia); it is possible that some autoimmune diseases are the result of neo-antigens on the surfaces of host tissues that have been coded for by a cryptic inciting virus. T cell diseases include phlyctenulosis graft rejections, graft versus host disease, and possibly sympathetic ophthalmia and temporal arteritis. Natural killer cells are involved in many of the same diseases as cytotoxic T-cells, except that the former require no period of sensitization (natural immunity), whereas cytotoxic T cells must undergo an antigen-specific blast transformation (acquired immunity of the delayed hypersensitivity type). In many diseases in which B-cell derived auto antibodies are at fault, there may be local tissue or systemic T-cell imbalances, with a reduction in T-suppressor cells and a relative augmentation in T-helper cells, thereby facilitating production of misdirected auto-antibodies.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6235472 TI - The problem of transition from the chemical to the biological evolution: some possible solutions. AB - On the basis of evidence that several low-molecular-weight substances as well as enzymes are compartmentalised within the so-called soluble phase of the cell, and other considerations, it is argued that DNA may not contain information for certain types of organisation found in living cells. It may be necessary for a cell to possess the "non-DNA-controlled" organisation for performance of its minimum functions; such organisation would then also serve as a "template" for its appearance in the daughter cell. The problem of transition from chemical to biological evolution (that is, the formation of the "first cell") may be essentially the problem of emergence of such intracellular organisation for which information may not reside in DNA. Two possible mechanisms through which this may have happened are stated. PMID- 6235473 TI - Evolution of biocatalysis 4. Nicotinamide, flavin and dioxygen dependent hydroxylation. Origin of a non-imitable enzyme. PMID- 6235474 TI - Transmembrane electron transport and the neutral theory of evolution. AB - Based on the concept of "pairs of basic functional states" the evolution of the first chemiosmotic mechanism of energy conversion is discussed in terms of point mutations, gene duplications and of the neutral theory of evolution. A model for estimating the overall probability of the evolutionary step in question is presented, both for the "selectionist" and "neutralist" position. It is concluded that, concerning the present stage of knowledge, the evolution of transmembrane electron transport is an unsolved problem in evolutionary biology. PMID- 6235475 TI - Etiological theories and treatments for chronic back pain. I. Somatic models and interventions. AB - This is the first part of an extended review of the etiology and treatment of chronic back pain (CBP). This paper will address the pathophysiology of CBP, the somatic conceptualizations that have been developed, and the treatment modalities that have been employed to alleviate the symptoms. The adequacy of the different models and treatments will be critically examined. The second paper in this set will examine psychological models and interventions. Common problems to both somatic and psychological approaches will be discussed at the close of the second paper. PMID- 6235476 TI - Simple devices for the physically disabled. AB - A report is given on a number of devices for the disabled that have been developed in the Biomedical Engineering Department at the Mississippi Methodist Rehabilitation Center. The primary criteria used in selection of devices to be included use simplicity, ease of fabrication and low cost. PMID- 6235477 TI - [Molecular interactions of membrane proteins and erythrocyte deformability]. AB - The structural and functional properties of the erythrocytic membrane constitute one of the essential elements of the red cell deformability. They intervene not only in the flexibility of the membrane, but also in the surface/volume relation and, through transmembrane exchanges, in the internal viscosity of the red cells. These properties depend essentially on the molecular composition of the elements which constitute the membrane, and on their interactions. The shape of the red cell and the flexibility of its membrane depend, to a great extent, on the membrane skeleton, whose main components are spectrin, actin, and protein 4.1. The spectrin basic molecule is a heterodimer, but there occur interactions between dimers in vitro as well as in vivo, which lead to the formation of tetrameric and oligomeric structures of higher complexity. Disturbances of these interactions, such as have been observed in pathological cases, lead to an instability of the membrane, a loss of membrane fragments, and a decrease in the surface/volume relation, with, as a consequence, a reduced deformability. The stability of the membrane skeleton also depends on the interactions between spectrin and protein 4.1. These interactions occur through a binding site on the beta chain of spectrin apparently close to actin and calmodulin binding sites. Other interactions occur between the hydrophobic segment of spectrin and membrane lipids. The cytoskeleton is bound to the transmembrane proteins: by ankyrin to the internal segment of protein band 3, and by protein 4.1 to a glycoprotein named glycoconnectin. There seems to exist other, more direct, lower affinity bindings between the cytoskeleton on the one hand, and band 3 and glycophorin transmembrane proteins on the other hand, whose lateral mobilities are modified when the structure of the skeleton is perturbed. The membrane proteins, which are in contact with the cytosol, interact with the cytosolic proteins, in particular with certain enzymes involved in anaerobic glycolysis and with hemoglobin. The Hb membrane interactions are complex and involve different binding types with various affinities, as through band 3 protein, phospholipids, and glycophorin. These bindings are particularly important in the case of certain abnormal hemoglobins such as S and C. If the existence of molecular interactions inside the membrane and their sites are fairly well known, the mechanisms which control or influence such interactions remain unknown.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6235478 TI - Stress fracture of the femoral neck in a child (stress fracture). AB - Femoral neck stress fracture is extremely rare in childhood. We report a case of femoral neck stress fracture in an 11-year-old girl. Differential diagnosis and a brief review of the literature follow. PMID- 6235479 TI - Haemostasis in diabetics. AB - Haemostasis was studied in 34 diabetic patients with and without detectable vascular complications (micro- and macroangiopathy). Information on platelet functions was obtained by beta-thromboglobulin determination, and of heparin thrombin coagulation time, platelet aggregation in vivo, and on the condition of the vessel walls by estimation of factor VIII-protein (VIIIR:Ag). The results were suggestive of an increased platelet activity, the most marked abnormalities having been found in cases of angiopathy. Attention is drawn to the therapeutic possibilities offered by studies of the pathogenetic role of the abnormalities of haemostasis in diabetes. PMID- 6235480 TI - Exercise-induced fibre type transitions with regard to myosin, parvalbumin, and sarcoplasmic reticulum in muscles of the rat. AB - Effects of a long-term, high intensity training program upon histochemically assessed myofibrillar actomyosin ATPase, myosin composition, peptide pattern of sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR), and parvalbumin content were analysed in muscles from the same rats which were used in a previous study (Green et al. 1983). Following 15 weeks of extreme training, an increase in type I and type II A fibres and a decrease in type II B fibres occurred both in plantaris and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles. In the deep portion of vastus lateralis (VLD), there was a pronounced increase from 10 +/- 5% to 27 +/- 11% in type I fibres. No type I fibres were detected in the superficial portion of vastus lateralis (VLS) both in control and trained animals. An increase in slow type myosin light chains accompanied the histochemically observed fibre type transition in VLD. Changes in the peptide pattern of SR occurred both in VLS and VLD and suggested a complete transition from type II B to II A in VLS and from type II A to I in VLD. A complete type II A to I transition in the VLD was also suggested by the failure to detect parvalbumin in this muscle after 15 weeks of training. Changes in parvalbumin content and SR tended to precede the transitions in the myosin light chains. Obviously, high intensity endurance training is capable of transforming specific characteristics of muscle fibres beyond the commonly observed changes in the enzyme activity pattern of energy metabolism. The time courses of the various changes which are similar to those in chronic nerve stimulation experiments, indicate that various functional systems of the muscle fibre do not change simultaneously. PMID- 6235481 TI - Spread of equine lungworm (Dictyocaulus arnfieldi) larvae from faeces by Pilobolus fungi. AB - Between 10 and 25% of the Dictyocaulus arnfieldi larvae excreted in faeces from a naturally infected donkey were harvested as infective stages from faecal cultures by means of Pilobolus fungi. The faeces were collected between 24 and 56 hours after drenching the donor animal with Pilobolus spores and kept at 16 +/- 2 degrees C. Most larvae were collected between the 5th and the 8th day of culturing during which period fructification and sporangium discharge also peaked. The sporangia and the adhering larvae were collected in Petri dishes inserted between the faecal mass and a light source. All recovered larvae were viable. A mean larval length of 368 microns (range 312-440 microns) and width of 14.6 microns (range 12-20 microns) was recorded for the infective stage. The method was found suitable for the recovery of infective stages for experimental purposes. The authors suggest that the Pilobolus mechanism play an important part in the spread of equine lungworm infection under field conditions similar to the situation in bovine lungworm (Dictyocaulus viviparus) infection. PMID- 6235483 TI - A leucine tRNA gene adjacent to the QA gene cluster of Neurospora crassa. AB - A single tRNALeu gene has been localized and sequenced from Neurospora crassa. It is located only 375 bp from the qa gene cluster and it is the only tRNA or 5S rRNA gene within this cloned 37 kb region. The gene encodes a tRNALeu with the anti-codon AAG, and unlike the other nuclear eukaryotic tRNALeu (AAG) gene sequenced (from C. elegans), contains an intervening sequence of 27 bp. The Neurospora tRNALeu (AAG) is 84% and 73% homologous respectively to the C. elegans and bovine tRNALeu (AAG), and is 84% homologous to a Drosophila tRNALeu (CAA). However, it is only 65% homologous to a yeast tRNALeu (CAA) and there is little conservation of intervening sequences or V-loop regions. The gene hybridizes to at least 16 other DNA fragments in the Neurospora genome. Its expression does not seem to be linked to that of the qa genes. PMID- 6235482 TI - Accurate transcription of homologous 5S rRNA and tRNA genes and splicing of tRNA in vitro by soluble extracts of Neurospora. AB - We have developed soluble extracts from Neurospora crassa capable of accurately and efficiently transcribing homologous 5S rRNA and tRNA genes. The extracts also appear to quantitatively end-process and splice the primary tRNA transcripts. Although the extracts could not transcribe a heterologous (yeast) 5S rRNA gene, they did transcribe a yeast tRNALeu gene and slowly process the transcripts. In addition, we have developed a novel strategy for rapidly sequencing uniformly labelled RNAs using base-specific ribonucleases. We have used this procedure to verify the identity of the in vitro transcripts and processing products. PMID- 6235484 TI - Genetic amniocentesis in multiple gestations. AB - Thirty-one genetic amniocenteses involving multiple gestations were performed in the genetics unit between 1976 and 1982. Three sets of triplets were included. Precise locations of the sacs were determined using real-time ultrasonography and successful sampling of all sacs was accomplished. Spontaneous abortions occurred in two normal twins and one normal triplet gestation. Two therapeutic abortions were performed for fetal abnormalities. Two cases of discordance for trisomy 21 (one twin and one triplet) were allowed to continue; the twin case terminated at 25 weeks' gestation with neonatal deaths and the triplets are alive and well. PMID- 6235485 TI - Maternal age specific rates for chromosome aberrations and factors influencing them: report of a collaborative european study on 52 965 amniocenteses. PMID- 6235486 TI - Risk for chromosome abnormality at amniocentesis following a child with a non inherited chromosome aberration. A European Collaborative Study on Prenatal Diagnoses 1981. AB - Based on 2890 prenatal diagnoses from 12 European countries the risk for a chromosomally abnormal fetus at amniocentesis after the birth of a child with a chromosome abnormality has been estimated to be 1.3 per cent when the mother's age is 34 years or less at amniocentesis and 1.8 per cent if the mother is older. This risk does not depend on paternal age, and it is independent of the type of the chromosome abnormality of the index child. Some geographical heterogeneities were detected. Therefore, the overall risk has to be considered as a rough estimate. The chromosome constitution of the abnormal fetus differed from that of the index patient in 21 of 41 cases. Several explanations for the higher risk have been discussed. If the index child had trisomy 18, 13 or a sex chromosome abnormality, the fetus tended to be a female. If the index child was a trisomy 21, the fetal sex ratio was normal. PMID- 6235487 TI - [Reactive arthritis, a renewal of infectious arthritis or borderline ankylosing spondylitis]. PMID- 6235488 TI - [Arrhythmia in relation to acute alcoholic intoxication in the absence of obvious cardiopathy]. AB - Following acute intoxication with alcohol, 8 patients developed 16 episodes of arrhythmia, including 15 supraventricular tachycardias and one torsade de pointe. Seven of the 8 patients were chronically abusing of alcoholic drinks. None of the patients had clinically obvious cardiac pathology nor echocardiographic evidence of myocardiopathy. In 7 of them, however, baseline electrocardiograms disclosed disorders of intra-atrial conduction. The role of the different factors which might determine the occurrence of arrhythmia (notably alcohol, the autonomic nervous system, associated metabolic abnormalities and absorption of medicines) is discussed. PMID- 6235489 TI - [Articular chondrocalcinosis. Association with B15 antigen]. AB - Antigens of HLA loci A, B and DR were determined in 35 elderly patients with primary articular chondrocalcinosis and compared with a control population. The B15 antigen was present in 13 out of 35 patients, i.e. 37.1% as against 13% of controls (chi 2 = 13.4; pc = 0.05) and the BW21 antigen in 8 out of 35 patients, i.e. 22.8% as against 6.6% of controls (chi 2 = 10.25; pc less than 0.005). These results confirm those of a previous study carried out in the same unit, which showed a 41% incidence of HLA B15 antigen in patients with chondrocalcinosis. The HLA B15 antigen seems to be a marker of imbalanced binding with a susceptibility antigen. Calculation of the relative risk shows that an elderly subject with HLA B15 antigen if about 4 times more liable to articular chondrocalcinosis than a subject without this antigen. PMID- 6235490 TI - [Evaluation of care in the intensive care unit of a general hospital]. AB - The current concern for good management and economy in matters of health makes it mandatory for intensive care units, which are particularly expensive, to make use of criteria by which the severity of the conditions treated, the different means of treatment and the results obtained can be expressed in figures. The method based on Knaus's severity indices, previously used only in university hospitals, has been applied in the general hospital of Gap with coherent results confirming the value of these indices. Similarly Cullen's TISS scores can be used in peripheral intensive care units. For most patients the prognosis is similar to that obtained in university hospitals, and if general hospitals are weak in supervision, the therapeutic equipment available to them is the same. However, there is still no way by which the real cost of treatment can be evaluated accurately and compared with the cost of cure in other hospital units. PMID- 6235491 TI - [Tolerance to hepatic allografts]. AB - Several experimental data suggest that, compared with other organs, the liver has a privileged status as concerns rejection. In fact, in pigs and rats, spontaneously tolerated liver allografts have been observed with, in rats, constitution of a state of donor-specific transplantation tolerance. Hyperacute rejection, which is a complication of organ allografts in some immunological situations, has not been observed after liver transplantation. In man, acute rejection of liver allografts usually is easily controlled by the immunosuppressive treatment. However, in some cases, an irreversible chronic rejection may occur. PMID- 6235492 TI - [Large excision for caustic gastroduodenal burn]. AB - A patient presenting with gastric and duodenal necrosis following ingestion of sulphuric acid was successfully treated by excision of the stomach and duodeno pancreas with delayed re-establishment of digestive tract continuity. This technique would not be possible without continuous enteral nutrition. PMID- 6235493 TI - [Current aspects of gonococcal endocarditis]. PMID- 6235496 TI - [Use of an oxygen saving device for long-term oxygen therapy in chronic respiratory insufficiency patients]. PMID- 6235494 TI - [Rapidly destructive coxarthrosis and osteomalacia complicating Turner's syndrome]. PMID- 6235495 TI - [Pulmonary edema from re-expansion of a pneumothorax. A complication which should be avoided]. PMID- 6235498 TI - [A new cause of constrictive pericarditis, cardiac surgery]. PMID- 6235497 TI - [Association of malignant histiocytosis and autoimmune thrombopenic purpura]. PMID- 6235499 TI - [Bismuth encephalopathy. Persistence of the risk with magistral preparations]. PMID- 6235500 TI - [Atheroma in drug addicts]. PMID- 6235501 TI - [Recurrent acute rheumatic fever after double valve replacement]. PMID- 6235502 TI - [Partial motor epilepsy in nonketotic hyperglycemia. 2 cases]. PMID- 6235503 TI - [5th case of congenital kala-azar]. PMID- 6235504 TI - [Hodgkin's disease. Residual histologically stable masses after chemotherapy]. AB - In 4 patients with Hodgkin's disease treated with chemotherapy persistent residual masses, remarkable by their initial volume in 3 cases, were surgically removed. Histological examination showed that the masses were histologically stable and non-evolutive. The incidence of residual masses is discussed with a review of the literature. These masses, which should not be confused with therapeutic failures, constitute a striking example of the special place occupied by surgery in certain forms of Hodgkin's disease. PMID- 6235505 TI - [Right coronary ostial stenosis in homozygotic hypercholesterolemia. Coronarographic and echocardiographic diagnosis]. AB - Ostial stenosis of the right coronary artery was discovered in 2 patients with homozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia. The lesion was confirmed in one case at post-mortem examination and in the other case by cross-sectional echocardiography. In both patients the stenosis could not be visualized at coronary arteriography when the right coronary vessel was selectively injected, but the lack of reflux of the contrast medium into the aortic sinus proved very useful for the diagnosis. To recognize this sign is important since the other criteria of ostial stenosis are not always present, notably in essential hypercholesterolaemia where post-stenosis dilatation is absent due to diffuse parietal lesions of the arteries. In addition, ostial stenoses are associated with a characteristic stenosis localized to the proximal aorta above the coronary ostia. Owing to the dangers of overlooking ostial stenoses, echocardiography and aortography should be performed before coronary arteriography, and the lack of reflux of the contrast medium should be acknowledged as a diagnostic sign. PMID- 6235506 TI - [Surgical treatment of primary hyperparathyroidism in patients over 70 years of age]. AB - Hyperparathyroidism is a frequent, often fortuitous finding in elderly people. Our series includes 103 patients over 70 years of age, 90 of whom were operated upon. Elderly patients rarely are without any symptom, but it is difficult, prior to surgery, to associate their clinical disorders with hyperparathyroidism. Our results show that surgical treatment is virtually without danger and that most patients were distinctly improved. The innocuousness and effectiveness of surgery in these patients, as well as the absence of medical treatment are as many reasons to widen the indications of the surgical approach. PMID- 6235507 TI - [Multiple arterial lesions in von Recklinghausen's disease. A case]. AB - Arterial lesions are thought to be rare in neurofibromatosis. In the case reported here full vascular exploration demonstrated diffuse lesions of the aorta, splenic artery, renal arteries, left internal carotid artery, right common iliac artery and arteries of the legs. This underlines the usefulness of thorough angiographic exploration when arterioplasty is envisaged in a patient with neurofibromatosis. Microscopic examination of an arterial biopsy specimen showed fibrodysplasia of the media associated with hyperplasia of the periarterial nerves, thus confirming that the lesions involved tissues of both mesodermal and neuroectodermal origins. PMID- 6235508 TI - [Present status of primary hyperparathyroidism]. AB - The availability of accurate and inexpensive methods for measuring serum calcium levels has resulted in a rapid increase in the number of diagnoses of primary hyperparathyroidism, notably in its asymptomatic hypercalcemic forms. In addition, the development of a radioimmunoassay of the parathyroid hormone and, more recently, measurements of nephrogenous cyclic AMP during fasting and after calcium loading have led to the recognition of clinical variants of the disease, such as intermittent or borderline hypercalcemia and pure hypercalciuria with normal calcemia. The degree of hypercalcemia in stable primary hyperparathyroidism depends on renal tubular reabsorption of calcium rather than on bone resorption. The poor correlation observed between calcium tubular reabsorption rate and magnitude of parathyroid hormone hypersecretion suggests that as yet undetermined factors interfere with the effects of parathyroid hormone on renal tubules and probably account for the fluctuations in calcemia reported during serial determinations in patients. The sigmoid relationship between parathyroid hormone release and extracellular calcium concentrations has been analyzed from recent in vitro studies with dispersed parathyroid cells. In primary hyperplasia of the parathyroid glands hypersecretion of parathyroid hormone seems to depend principally upon the increase in tissue mass with normal sensitivity to calcium at cellular levels, whereas in adenoma the primary abnormality responsible for hypersecretion of parathyroid hormone would be an alteration in cell sensitivity to calcium, as indicated by an elevated "set point". Finally, while complicated primary hyperthyroidism requires surgery, our limited knowledge of the natural history of asymptomatic forms makes it impossible to decide which of these patients will ultimately need to be operated upon. PMID- 6235509 TI - [Transcutaneous angioplasty of a pulmonary valve stenosis]. PMID- 6235510 TI - [Prevalence of infections caused by hepatitis A and B viruses in Morocco]. PMID- 6235511 TI - [Value of a new tumor marker, CA 19-9, in primary bronchial cancers]. PMID- 6235512 TI - [Treatment of a febrile state by a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent. Appearance of oliguria]. PMID- 6235513 TI - [Major sideroblastosis corrected by simple administration of folates]. PMID- 6235514 TI - [Staphylococcus aureus septicemia. Use of pristinamycin as initial treatment]. PMID- 6235515 TI - [Calculation of the regional perfusion index by transcutaneous oximetry in arteritis of the lower limbs]. PMID- 6235516 TI - [Duplication of the inferior vena cava. Insertion of 2 Greenfield filters]. PMID- 6235517 TI - [Treatment of thyroid insufficiency with L-thyroxine]. PMID- 6235519 TI - [Localization of pheochromocytoma by scintigraphy and echography]. PMID- 6235518 TI - [De novo angina with obliteration of the proximal anterior interventricular artery. Treatment by angioplasty during coronarography]. PMID- 6235520 TI - [Steroid saponins from the rhizomes of Dioscorea caucasica Lipsky]. AB - Deltonin or diosgenin-3-0-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1----2)-[beta-D- glucopyranosyl-(1----4)-]-beta-D-glucopyranoside, m. p. 282 degrees, [alpha] 20(546): -96.4 degrees (c 1, pyridine) and a new oligospirostanoside beta-D glucopyranosyl-(1----3'' Glcp)-deltonin, m. p. 242-243 degrees, [alpha]20(546): 63.7 degrees (c 1, pyridine) were isolated from rhizomes of Dioscorea caucasica. PMID- 6235521 TI - Internal complementarities in the immune system: regulation of the expression of helper T-cell idiotypes. AB - More than half of BALB/c helper T lymphocytes specific for 2,4,6-trinitrophenyl (TNP)-modified syngeneic spleen cells are inhibited in their proliferative responses to antigen-presenting cells and in their cooperation with B lymphocytes by monoclonal anti-idiotypic antibodies directed to a TNP-binding BALB/c myeloma protein (MOPC 460). This inhibition is specific for anti-TNP-self helper cells of BALB/c origin and is controlled by IgCh-linked genes, as it is not observed with CB.20 helper cells of the same specificity. In contrast, anti-TNP-self helper cells prepared from BALB/c mice that were chronically suppressed with anti-mu chain antibodies and possessed no B lymphocytes were not inhibited by anti idiotypic antibodies. We conclude that the B-cell antibody repertoires contribute to the selection of the (idiotypic) T-helper-cell repertoires. PMID- 6235522 TI - Two nuclear mutations that block mitochondrial protein import in yeast. AB - We isolated two yeast mutants that are temperature-sensitive for import of mitochondrial proteins. Each strain contains a single mutation that results in arrest of growth and accumulation of precursor to the beta subunit of the mitochondrial F1-ATPase after incubation at 37 degrees C. These lesions (mas1 and mas2) are nonallelic and recessive. Cells harboring either mutation stop growing only after 2-3 generations at 37 degrees C. Import of the F1 beta subunit at 37 degrees C is more than 250 times slower in mas1 and 15 times slower in mas2 than in wild-type cells. At 23 degrees C, import occurs with similar rates in mutant and wild-type cells. The two mutations also reduce the rate of import of other proteins; however, import of different precursors is affected to different degrees in the two strains. The temperature-sensitive step in import in both mas1 and mas2 occurs before arrival of precursors in the mitochondrial matrix. PMID- 6235523 TI - Effect of temperature on suppressor cells in chicken spleen cell cultures. AB - The plaque forming cell (PFC) response of in vivo primed chicken spleen cells to sheep erythrocytes (SRBC) at 37 degrees C in vitro was much higher when antigen was added on Day 2 of culture than on Day 0, at the initiation of the incubation period. No such difference was observed when the cells were cultured at 40 degrees C, in which case both responses were low. As shown previously the effect of delayed exposure to SRBC at 37 degrees C was due to a disappearance of suppressor T cells in the absence of antigen, which did not occur at 40 degrees C. Addition of concanavalin A on Day 0 could, even in the absence of SRBC, maintain the suppressor cell activity at 37 degrees C. The results suggest that suppressor cell activity is very temperature dependent. PMID- 6235524 TI - T-cell effects on in vitro erythropoiesis: immune regulation and immune reactivity. AB - Optimal in vitro growth of BFU-E requires factors or burst promoting activities (BPA) in addition to erythropoietin. Our studies suggest that small numbers of DR haploidentical T cells and monocytes present in plasma clot cultures of peripheral blood mononuclear cells can elaborate a BPA in situ. Various populations of normal T cells can augment or limit this activity. In addition, allosensitized "immune-reactive" T cells can inhibit this activity in both a genetically restricted and nonrestricted manner. With this in mind, it becomes important to consider that inhibition of BFU-E growth growth does not necessarily evoke lymphocytes reactive against BFU-E, but rather lymphocytes that can interfere with regulation of auxiliary cell function. Whether or not faulty immune regulation plays a role in "immune-mediated" aplasia remains to be determined. PMID- 6235525 TI - Reductions in pain thresholds and morphine analgesia following intracerebroventricular parachlorophenylalanine. AB - The selective decreases in both basal and analgesic pain thresholds following systemic administration of parachlorophenylalanine (PCPA) has been attributed to the inhibition of tryptophan hydroxylase and subsequent depletion of brain serotonin. These effects only occur at high systemic doses which have other general debilitating effects. The present study examined the relationship between PCPA's nociceptive and serotonin-depleting effects following intracerebroventricular (ICV) administration. The first experiment determined that an ICV dose of 3 mg, but not 1 mg, of PCPA significantly decreased jump thresholds at 0.5, 48 and 120 hr after injection. These effects were not due to osmolarity shifts since hypertonic saline injections failed to alter thresholds. The second experiment demonstrated a time-dependent reduction of morphine (5 mg/kg) analgesia as a function of the interval between ICV PCPA and the systemic morphine injection. PCPA reduced morphine analgesia if it was administered 24 hr prior to the opiate and eliminated morphine analgesia if it was administered 48 hr prior to the opiate. Pretreatment with ICV PCPA either 0.5 or 72 hr prior to the opiate failed to alter morphine analgesia. The third and fourth experiments indicated that hippocampal and spinal levels of either serotonin or 5 hydroxyindoleacetic acid were not significantly affected by ICV PCPA pretreatment. These data indicate that the hyperalgesia and morphine analgesia impairments noted following ICV PCPA do not correspond with changes in serotonin from hippocampal or spinal tissue and such effects are discussed in terms of alternative modes of action. PMID- 6235526 TI - Anti-thyroid activity of purified thymus gland extract in male Wistar rats. AB - The effect of a purified bovine thymus gland extract (Dr. Kurt Mulli, GmbH, Hamburg, West Germany) was studied in 12-week old male Wistar rats on the following: thyroid weights and morphology, T3-T4 serum levels, thyroid lactic dehydrogenase, ATP-ase, acid phosphatase, and non-specific esterase activities. Thymus extract was administered intramuscularly daily for 21 days at doses of 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 ml/kg. Measurements were made on day 3, 7, 14 and 21 of treatment. Thyroid histology and enzyme activity were studied only on 21-day specimens. Thymus extract significantly decreased average thyroid gland weights in a dose-dependent manner irrespective of treatment duration. T3 serum levels were consistently lower in thymus-treated rats irrespective of treatment dose or duration. Changes from control levels were not statistically significant due to large standard deviations. T4 serum levels were significantly lower than control levels in rats treated with thymus extract for 14 and 21 days. Histology of thyroids from 21-day treated animals revealed a marked reduction in both thyroid follicle size and colloid content with an increase in connective tissue, resorption vacuoles and hyperemia. Histochemical study of thyroid enzyme activity showed lactic dehydrogenase increase in follicle epithelial cells, acid phosphatase increase in follicle epithelial cells and decrease in interstitium, ATP-ase increase in granular storage area and non-specific esterase increase in follicle epithelial cell. The data suggest the presence of an unidentified specific anti-thyroid factor(s) in the thymus gland extract. PMID- 6235527 TI - Lasers in surgery and medicine. PMID- 6235528 TI - Clinical assessment of trunk flexor muscle strength in healthy girls 3 to 7 years of age. AB - We developed a clinical method for assessing trunk flexor muscle strength in healthy children that can be applied to assist physical therapists in determining strength accurately in pediatric patients. In this study, we assessed trunk flexor muscle strength in 75 healthy girls 3 to 7 years of age. Muscle strength was graded on a scale of 0 to 5 using modified, manual muscle testing methods. These methods attempted to minimize the amount of hip flexor muscle activity during trunk flexion and allow more isolated action of the abdominal trunk flexor muscles. The frequency of Normal (Grade 5) strength first appeared to predominate at age 5 years with the majority of children demonstrating Normal (Grade 5) strength by age 7 years. Regression analysis illustrated a positive linear relationship (beta = .37, p less than .001) between mean muscle grade and age group. We discuss muscle cross-sectional area, muscle-fiber diameter, muscle-cell number, maturation of the central nervous system, and changes in body proportions with age as possible contributing factors to the results of this study. PMID- 6235529 TI - Hematoporphyrin and HPD: photophysics, photochemistry and phototherapy. PMID- 6235530 TI - Rhinophyma: treatment with electrocautery and silver-impregnated porcine xenograft. AB - A typical case of advanced rhinophyma is reported. Partial excision reduced the size of the nose by two-thirds, leaving a thin layer of dermis. This was covered with silver-impregnated porcine xenograft, which allowed efficient drainage and remained adherent in its initial application for 2 weeks. A total of four applications of silver-impregnated porcine xenografts--the last two involving only very small areas--were required for complete epithelialization at 5 weeks after surgery. We believe that this xenograft is an ideal dressing for wounds resulting from partial excision of rhinophymatous tissue, providing the beneficial effects of biological dressings, including the hemostatic effects of collagen with the added benefit of silver's potent antibacterial properties. Silver-impregnated porcine xenograft reduces patient discomfort and results in rapid healing with excellent cosmetic results. PMID- 6235531 TI - Evidence that 5-HT agonist-induced rotational behaviour in the rat is mediated via 5-HT1 receptors. AB - The rotational behaviour induced by 5-HT agonists has been investigated in rats with lesions of the dorsal raphe' nucleus (DRN). We have previously reported that 5-methyoxy-N,N-dimethyl-tryptamine (5-MeODMT) caused dose-related contralateral rotation in rats with 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine (5,7-DHT) lesions of the DRN. Similar findings are now presented for the 5-HT1 agonists 8-hydroxy-2-(di-n propylamino)tetralin (8-OH-DPAT) and 5-methoxy-3 (1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridin-4-yl) (1H indole) (RU24969). In this model, in agreement with the behavioural studies, both agonists were shown to have a greater affinity for the 5-HT1 binding site when compared with the 5-HT2 binding site. Antagonist studies using selective 5 HT2 antagonists (ketanserin and pirenperone) at non-sedative doses failed to inhibit this behaviour. In contrast, the classical 5-HT antagonist methysergide caused significant inhibition of the rotational behaviour. These results suggest that 5-HT agonist-induced rotation in the rat is mediated via 5-HT1 receptors, probably located in the substantia nigra. PMID- 6235532 TI - Meeting the health care needs of children with disabilities: a progress report. PMID- 6235533 TI - [Duties of the dental assistant in the treatment of handicapped patients]. PMID- 6235534 TI - Interventional angiography of the renal fossa. AB - In this article, the authors present an overview of interventional procedures that aim at (1) opening of the renal artery with percutaneous transluminal renal angioplasty, intra-arterial thrombolysis, and/or transcatheter thromboembolectomy and (2) reducing or obstructing renal artery blood flow with transcatheter embolization. PMID- 6235536 TI - Failing arteriovenous dialysis fistulas: evaluation and treatment. AB - A total of 31 patients with 45 episodes of failing arteriovenous dialysis fistulas was studied. Fistula failure was usually due to venous and/or anastomotic stenosis, often in conjunction with thrombosis. Abnormalities were treated by percutaneous dilation and occasionally streptokinase infusion. Most complications and failures occurred either in patients with recently created fistulas or in those with multiple or long segment stenosis associated with thrombosis. Patients with a single nonobstructing stenosis were very successfully treated with percutaneous techniques, which are the treatment of choice for this condition. PMID- 6235535 TI - Bone sarcomas in Paget disease: a study of 85 patients. AB - This is a comprehensive review of 85 patients who had bone sarcoma associated with Paget disease and who were seen at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center between 1927 and 1982. There was an almost equal distribution of tumors in the axial and the appendicular skeletons. The pelvis, humerus, femur, and skull were the tumor sites in 80% of cases. The tumors were bulky large soft tissue masses. Lytic lesions were more common than sclerotic lesions. Mixed lytic and sclerotic lesions were much less common than either single type. Periosteal reaction was uncommon and found in less than 7%. Methylene diphosphonate scans of the bone often showed a cold area that was associated with marked increase in uptake on the gallium scan. Angiography, which was performed in 13 patients, was useful, but CT was much more helpful in showing the soft tissue mass as well as the extent of bony disease. Only three patients in this study survived for five years. Present chemotherapy protocols were disappointing in the treatment of this highly lethal tumor. PMID- 6235538 TI - The prone position for CT of the lumbar spine. AB - In scanning the L5-S1 disk space, the known technical difficulty is limitation of the gantry angle. A prone scanning technique used to examine the lumbar spine may help to overcome or lessen this problem. A prospective CT scanning of the L5-S1 level was performed in both the prone and supine positions on 25 patients who had low back pain and who had not undergone previous laminectomy or fusion. The angle between the S1 vertebral end plate and maximum tilted gantry line (15 degrees on the G.E. 8800) was measured in the supine position and compared with the same angle in the prone position. In 20 of 25 cases (80%), significant improvement in alignment was noted in the prone position. The prone scanning technique is also more desirable if CT is performed with metrizamide. Finally, printed images from the prone technique allow easier image-patient orientation for viewing in the operating room. PMID- 6235537 TI - Dialysis access fistulas: treatment of stenoses by transluminal angioplasty. AB - Fifty-six balloon dilatations in 51 patients with upper-extremity dialysis access fistulas were performed over a 4-year period. Forty-four venous anastomotic lesions in patients with either internal or graft fistulas were dilated. Three arterial anastomotic lesions and nine distant venous stenoses were treated. Thirty-nine of 56 (70%) dilatations were initially successful. Of the initial successes, 28/35 (80%) were patent at 3 months, 19/27 (70%) at 6 months, 12/22 (55%) at 1 year, 7/14 (50%) at 2 years, and 3/9 (33%) at 3 years. Three complications (5%) were encountered. These included two graft thromboses and one pseudoaneurysm at the dilatation site. The procedure may be performed on an outpatient basis. PMID- 6235539 TI - LA: pregnant RN's back injury: Workmen's Comp. NY: bathroom incident: LPN negligent. PMID- 6235541 TI - [Recurrent otitis in infants and small children of a children's community. Etiopathogenic, diagnostic and therapeutic aspects]. PMID- 6235542 TI - [Cerebral and cerebellar abscesses with otomastoid origin cured in the Resita ORL Section]. PMID- 6235540 TI - [Electronystagmographic and magnetoscopic recording of oblique optokinetic nystagmus in patients with head injuries]. PMID- 6235543 TI - [Pharyngeal manifestations of the menopause]. PMID- 6235544 TI - [Cardinal elements of pharmacodynamics in inhalation crenotherapy]. PMID- 6235545 TI - [The importance of functional diagnosis for professional guidance of the hard-of hearing]. PMID- 6235546 TI - [Adenocarcinoma of the sebaceous gland at the level of the nasal pyramid with simultaneous laryngeal epithelioma]. PMID- 6235547 TI - [Neuralgia of the lingual nerve]. PMID- 6235548 TI - [Intralingual ectopic goiter]. PMID- 6235549 TI - [Cervical amygdaloid tumors. Considerations on 18 cases]. PMID- 6235550 TI - [Parapharyngeal tumors of neural origin]. PMID- 6235551 TI - [Percutaneous transluminal extraction (PTE) of an embolized catheter from the pulmonary artery]. PMID- 6235552 TI - [Double-outlet right ventricle with obstruction in the inflow tract of the left ventricle and drainage of the left superior vena cava into the coronary sinus. Diagnosis by bidimensional echocardiography]. PMID- 6235554 TI - Depressed lymphoproliferative response in mixed leukocyte reaction after Mis locus alloimmunization. AB - The proliferation of BALB/C lymphocytes preimmunized with Mis or H-2 incompatible cells in response to alloantigens was studied. The results show that preimmunization with Mis-incompatible spleen cells inhibits the lymphoproliferative response against alloantigens whereas preimmunization with H 2 incompatible spleen cells enhances it. It is suggested that Mis coded determinants activate suppressor mechanisms responsible for the unresponsiveness of these preimmunized lymphocytes against alloantigens. PMID- 6235553 TI - [Homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia. Presentation of a case]. PMID- 6235555 TI - Influence of sulfhydryl reagents on potassium-stimulated calcium uptake by rat brain synaptosomes. AB - Potassium-stimulated calcium uptake by rat brain synaptosomes was measured by placing synaptosomes in a high (70 mM) potassium medium containing 45Ca. K+ stimulated uptake was essentially complete within 20 s. K+-stimulated calcium uptake was inhibited by pretreating the synaptosomes with N-ethylmaleimide, a sulfhydryl alkylating reagent. Methylmercury chloride and mercuric chloride inhibited K+-stimulated calcium uptake in the same concentration ranges at which they formed complexes with surface sulfhydryl groups. Ethylmercury chloride was considerably less effective at inhibiting calcium uptake and reacting with sulfhydryl groups. The presence of essential sulfhydryl moieties in the structures subserving K+-stimulated calcium uptake by nerve terminals is suggested. PMID- 6235556 TI - [Value of the vectorcardiogram in the evaluation of right heart hypertrophy in chronic obstructive lung diseases]. AB - In 41 patients with severe chronic obstructive lung disease vector cardiographic and electrocardiographic results and the level of pulmonary arterial pressure (pap) are compared. We observed a positive correlation between normal results from vector cardiography, electrocardiography, and pulmonary arterial pressure. In cases of hypertrophy of the right heart, type I and type II according the method of Lichtlen, pulmonary arterial hypertension was found in 72% of the cases. PMID- 6235557 TI - Influence of the inhalative aerosol Atrovent on airway resistance and intrathoracic gas volume in healthy volunteers of different ages. AB - 53 healthy volunteers of different age groups were included in this study. Airway resistance (Rt) and intrathoracic gas volume (IGV) were measured with volume constant bodyplethysmograph before and 15, 30, 60 and 120 min after a 1-min exposure to Atrovent aerosol. There were statistically significant reductions in Rt in all four groups (group I: 4-11 years; group II: 18-30 years; group III: 32 45 years; group IV: 47-54 years) of volunteers. Statistically significant reductions in IGV were observed in groups I and II. Group III also showed reduction in IGV, but it was not statistically significant. In contrast we found light but statistically significant increase in IGV in group IV. When the values of Rt were computed as specific airway conductance, then the increases following atrovent aerosols were statistically significant only in groups I, II and IV, but not in group III. It is concluded that smooth muscle tones, as evident from Rt reductions following atrovent inhalation, were not uniform in all individuals and that age plays an important role in this mechanism. However, it is not clear whether nervous components alone or the physicochemical nature of smooth muscles are also the controlling factors. PMID- 6235558 TI - Reversible airflow obstruction: clinical spectrum and responsiveness to anticholinergic drugs. AB - In order to delineate the clinical profiles which correspond to different patterns of responsiveness to inhaled anticholinergic drugs (i.e. atropine methonitrate, ipratropium bromide), 102 subjects tested with these drugs and with beta 2-adrenergic bronchodilators were classified into three groups, namely: a group with positive skin prick tests (group 1), a group with blood or sputum eosinophilia but negative skin prick tests (group 2), and a group with negative skin prick tests and neither blood nor sputum eosinophilia (group 3). All had reversible airflow obstruction and their clinical profiles closely corresponded to atopic asthma, non-atopic asthma and chronic bronchitis, respectively, but the prevalence of mucus hypersecretion was similar in all three groups. Pharmacologically, group 1 patients were distinguished from the other two groups by their significant impairment of 1-second forced expiratory volume response to the bronchodilator action of anticholinergic drugs. This is the physiological correlate of atopic asthma. PMID- 6235559 TI - Asthma vs. non-specific reversible airflow obstruction: clinical features and responsiveness to anticholinergic drugs. AB - 85 subjects with 20% reversibility in FEV1 were classified into the categories of asthma (55 patients) and non-specific airflow obstruction (30 patients), respectively, on the basis of the presence or absence of eosinophilia (in the blood or sputum). Asthmatics were further subdivided into the atopic and non atopic subgroups, respectively, on the basis of skin prick tests. Clinically, paroxysmal nocturnal wheezing was more significantly associated with asthma than with non-specific airflow obstruction. Atopic asthmatics were distinguished from patients with non-specific airflow obstruction by their younger age at presentation and at onset of obstructive symptoms, by a history of allergic provocation of wheezing, a family history of asthma and other atopic diseases, and by a lower incidence of mucus hypersecretion. The last 3 symptoms also distinguished atopic from non-atopic asthma. Furthermore, unlike patients with non-atopic asthma or patients with non-specific airflow obstruction, atopic asthmatics had a significant impairment of bronchodilator responsiveness to inhaled anticholinergic drugs. PMID- 6235560 TI - Pharmacological effects and determination of the morphological distribution of powder aerosols containing fenoterol hydrobromide and ipratropium bromide. AB - The bronchospasmolytic effects of fenoterol hydrobromide and ipratropium bromide, with some cardiovascular side effects by fenoterol, and the topographic morphological distribution of the powder aerosol particles in the respiratory tract were clearly demonstrated with the aid of ethidium-induced fluorescence in anaesthetised dogs. PMID- 6235561 TI - [PTCR(percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty)--technical problems]. PMID- 6235562 TI - Threshold of intermittent hypoxia-induced right ventricular hypertrophy in the rat. AB - This study evaluated the threshold for intermittent hypoxia-induced right ventricular hypertrophy in the rat. Three groups of rats purchased from Hilltop Laboratory Animals, Inc., were exposed to air for 2 h, or an FIO2 = 0.1 for 1 h or 2 h daily for 28, 42 or 56 days. Packed cell volume (Hct) was significantly increased in both the 1 and 2 h hypoxic groups by 28 days. The ratios of (right ventricular wt)/(body wt) and the (right ventricular wt)/(left ventricular plus septum wt) significantly increased in the 2 h hypoxic group by 42 days. We conclude that 1 h of hypoxia per day for 28 days results in polycythemia and that 2 h of hypoxia per day for 42 days results in right ventricular hypertrophy in this rat strain. PMID- 6235563 TI - [Orthodontics and pediatric dentistry in relation to public health]. PMID- 6235564 TI - [Endomyocardial biopsy: diagnostic usefulness in internal medicine and cardiology]. PMID- 6235566 TI - [Immunologic deficiencies. Basic mechanisms and clinical implications]. PMID- 6235565 TI - [Sudden death of cardiac origin. Anatomopathologic aspects]. PMID- 6235567 TI - [Hematoma of the pyramidal muscle. A complication of anticoagulant treatment]. AB - A patient developed a hematoma of the pyramidal muscle as a complication of anticoagulant treatment. The lesion provoked an entrapment neuropathy due to the compression between the muscle and the iliac spine of the great sciatic, inferior gluteal and pudendal nerves. Hyperalgic paralysis of the leg and buttock was associated with bladder sphincter disorders and impotence, a remarkable finding in view of the unilateral disturbance in nervous control. Pain, and urinary and sexual disorders were reversed dramatically by an early neurolysis. A CT scan enables the identification of the lesion. PMID- 6235568 TI - [Prevention of tooth fissure caries using a sealing resin in the public health service]. PMID- 6235570 TI - Acute effects and long-term variations in skin blood flow measured with laser Doppler flowmetry. AB - Skin blood flow of 30 healthy volunteers (age 17-58 years) was measured at a number of sites and in different ways using laser Doppler flowmetry (Periflux) to establish reference values. The interindividual and spatial variations were great. The long-term variation in skin blood flow was studied in five subjects from the above group, both at 2-h intervals on the same day and on five different days within 2-3 weeks. No significant variation between the values recorded at different times was observed. Forehead was the best measurement site showing the lowest coefficient of variation (CV) of 20-21%, all mean values recorded at different times falling within the 95% confidence limits of the reference values. Forearm skin blood flow was also followed in another 12 healthy volunteers (age 21-24 years) after administration of 0.5 mg of sublingual nitroglycerin. A rapid and transient increase of about 40% in blood flow, which peaked at 3-4 min was observed (P less than 0.05). It is concluded that laser Doppler flowmetry is very sensitive in measuring acute changes in skin blood flow, and may also be applicable in long-term studies on factors affecting microcirculatory flow. PMID- 6235569 TI - Factors influencing immune complex localisation. AB - In systemic immune complex (IC) diseases such as SLE and rheumatoid vasculitis, IC accumulate in a number of tissues, either after deposition from the circulation or from in situ formation. The tissue localisation of IC depends on a delicate balance between the production of IC and the ability of the mononuclear phagocytic system (MPS) to remove them from blood. At times IC are cleared inefficiently, persist in the circulation and subsequently localise in tissues. This review evaluates the role of local tissue factors - anatomical, physiological, physical and immunological - in this process. We report on our studies examining the significance of C3b and IgG Fc receptors in tissues subject to IC deposition. No evidence for such receptors was found with the exception of a C3b receptor in human glomeruli. Our negative findings may be due to methodological difficulties in the identification of in situ receptors. Alternatively, immune receptors may not be present at these extra-glomerular sites and would therefore be unlikely to participate in IC localisation. PMID- 6235571 TI - In vivo abrasion of Profile and Adaptic composite resins. AB - Thirty-six Class I cavities in mandibular molars from 18 schoolchildren were filled with Profile or Adaptic using the acid etch technique. Impressions were taken at 6-month intervals and abrasion was recorded by measuring the increasing height of the exposed cavity walls on cast models. The mean abrasion for Adaptic was 61.4 micron per yr and for Profile 28.7 microns per yr. PMID- 6235572 TI - Softening of BISGMA-based polymers by ethanol and by organic acids of plaque. AB - The Wallace indentation hardness is a determinant for the abrasion resistance of smooth surface resins. It was the aim of the present study to investigate the softening effect of ethanol and of organic acids of plaque on BISGMA-based polymers. The hardness was measured before and after soaking for 1 day in ethanol, acetic acid, propionic acid, or lactic acid. The last three liquids were found to induce a softening of the polymers. The softening effect was more pronounced when the polymer originated from monomer mixtures with low content of diluting monomer. This finding reflects the extent of polymerization of the polymers. PMID- 6235573 TI - Decrease of Fc gamma and C3b receptor-bearing granulocytes and of T lymphocytes in myelomatosis. AB - 18 patients with myelomatosis had lower percentages of granulocytes bearing receptors for Fc gamma (47.6%) and C3b (43.0%) than controls (80.4% and 75.0%). The percentage of T lymphocytes was decreased in patients when untreated sheep erythrocytes were used as indicator cells. Patients with high serum IgG levels had lower percentages of T lymphocytes. There was no significant difference in receptor profile between treated and untreated patients. The decrease in Fc gamma and C3b receptor-bearing granulocytes in myelomatosis is probably not due to serum or plasma factors since (a) the distribution of receptor-bearing lymphocytes was not different from that of the controls; (b) extra washings of cells or overnight incubation did not enhance the percentage of receptor positive cells; and (c) incubation of normal granulocytes in sera or plasma from myelomatosis patients did not cause a more pronounced reduction in the proportions of Fc gamma of C3b receptor-bearing cells than incubation in normal sera or plasma. PMID- 6235574 TI - Functional and chemical characterization of B-cell growth factor produced by normal cloned T helper cells. AB - Media conditioned by clones of normal helper T cells exposed to appropriate antigen-presenting cells contain growth-promoting activity for B-cell blasts induced either by lipopolysaccharide or on direct interaction with competent helper cells. This B-cell growth factor (TH-BGAPet) is recovered on sodium doecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis corresponding to mol. wt of 15,000 20,000 displays no mitogenicity for small, non-induced B lymphocytes and is completely devoid of the ability to activate immunoglobulin secretion in proliferating B cells. These results are ascribed to the activity derived from normal T cells, with the same characteristics as BSF-p1 previously obtained from lymphomas and hybridomas. Since hybridization of these T helper cells results in the constitutive production of BSF-p1 in the absence of macrophages, these experiments demonstrate that BSF-p1 is a normal T-cell product. PMID- 6235576 TI - The Finnish Pain Questionnaire: comparison of descriptions of pain in coronary heart disease and low back pain. AB - The verbal description of pain is the method most commonly used to study pain symptoms. The Finnish Pain Questionnaire has not been standardized yet. It is impossible to know which descriptors are typical of certain states of pain and which descriptors differentiate states of pain from each other. The aims of this study was to clarify if it is possible to differentiate pain descriptions for coronary heart disease from descriptions for low back pain using the Finnish Pain Questionnaire and to compare the use of pain descriptors and subclasses of descriptors. The patients comprised 57 male patients with coronary heart disease (mean age 52.9 years) and 60 female patients with low back pain (mean age 52.0 years). The results indicated that different descriptors are important in descriptions of coronary heart disease pain and low back pain. The differences of frequencies in the use of descriptors were statistically significant. There were also significant differences in the use of descriptors from different subclasses of the sensory dimension, according to the mechanisms of pain. The results indicated that it is possible to find out which descriptors are the most important for different states of pain and that the Finnish Pain Questionnaire can be a valid method for describing different states of pain. PMID- 6235577 TI - Treatment of patients with chronic low back pain. Comparison between rehabilitation centre and outpatient care. AB - The results of three weeks' treatment for low back pain were studied in 88 patients at a rehabilitation centre and in 63 outpatients. All the patients were male, and between 54 and 63 years of age. Physical measurements of spinal function were made before and two months after treatment; a questionnaire on back pain symptoms was filled in before treatment and 2, 6 and 12 months after treatment. A back-pain index based on the replies to the questionnaires was used for evaluating the effects of the treatment. The average results showed that the effects of the treatment lasted six months but disappeared almost completely within a year. The material studied revealed no substantial difference between the results of the rehabilitation centre and outpatient treatment according to the physical measurements or the pain index. PMID- 6235578 TI - Arduousness of work, career, and disability pensioning of Finnish iron ore miners. AB - The career and work arduousness of a population of retired iron ore miners and their contemporaries who continued to work were investigated to find out what aspects of work history were associated with disability pensioning. The retired group had entered the mining industry at a more advanced age than the referents. The retired miners had also started at more strenuous tasks. Later they changed to lighter tasks, but were less often promoted in their career. The risk of early retirement seems thus to be related to the essential indicators of one's progress in the mining vocation. PMID- 6235575 TI - Frequency, phage types and antibiotic resistance of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from blood cultures in Denmark 1975-1981. AB - In the period 1975-1981, 4060 cases of Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia were recorded in Denmark, and the corresponding strains were examined. The percentage of strains, resistant to penicillin only, rose to 82, and the percentage of multiply-resistant strains fell to five. Newer phage types (94, 96 and 95) increased from 10% to 27% of the material. These strains were usually resistant only to penicillin, but produced large amounts of penicillinase. The ample penicillinase production has also been characteristic for previous epidemic strains, and it is furthermore correlated to mortality. The overall mortality of 34.6% was lower than that of the preceding period. Mortality rates were highest in elderly patients, nosocomial cases, patients with serious primary diseases and endocarditis cases. PMID- 6235579 TI - Repair of ventricular septal defect in the first year of life. AB - In the 7-year period 1976 through 1982, 48 infants underwent repair of ventricular septal defect (VSD). Their mean age was 5.3 (range 1-11) months and mean body weight 5.4 (range 3.1-9.6) kg. "Uncomplicated" VSD, located in the membranous septum, was present in 33 cases. "Complicated" VSD in terms of muscular/multiple (n = 6), subaortic type of double-outlet right ventricle (n = 5), AV-canal type (n = 2) and straddling chordae (n = 2) was present in 15 cases. The indication of surgery was progressive left ventricular dysfunction due to pulmonary hyperperfusion and pulmonary hypertension. Right trans-atrial exposure permitted repair, patch or tunnel in 43 of the 48 infants (90%), although temporary detachment of the septal tricuspid leaflet was required on six occasions. Co-existing patent ductus arteriosus (n = 6) and atrial septal defect (n = 22) were simultaneously closed. There were three postoperative deaths (6%). One infant required a second-stage repair for incomplete VSD closure and one sustained a permanent AV-block II. Repair via right atrial exposure was associated with few complications and only one death (2%). PMID- 6235580 TI - [Determination of the activity and control of the course of sarcoidosis using bronchoalveolar lavage]. AB - The active stage of sarcoidosis is marked by lymphocyte-rich alveolitis with predominance of helper-T-lymphocytes. 8 patients with sarcoidosis were investigated by bronchoalveolar lavage. Of these patients, 5 proved to have high intensity and 3 low-intensity alveolitis. It was observed that the total number of helper-T-lymphocytes in the lavage liquid was many times higher than in the patients with low-intensity alveolitis. 4 of the 5 patients with high-intensity alveolitis were treated with prednisone. Parallel to the radiological, functional and clinical improvement, a significant decrease in the absolute number of helper T-lymphocytes was observed in the lavage liquid, as well as a decrease in the ratio of helper- to suppressor-T-lymphocytes. PMID- 6235581 TI - [Goodpasture syndrome and (idiopathic) immune complex glomerulonephritis with pulmonary hemorrhage: 2 different syndromes?]. AB - While Goodpasture syndrome was previously defined purely clinically by the combination of pneumorrhagia and glomerulonephritis, today the following immunologic criteria must also be satisfied: evidence, provided by immunofluorescent investigation of the kidneys and lungs, of antibasement membrane antibodies in the serum and linear deposits of immunoglobulins, due to direct apposition of antibasement membrane antibodies. Cases where the lesions are caused by immune complexes should no longer be designated as Goodpasture syndrome. In the light of one of our own cases of immune complex glomerulonephritis with pneumorrhagia, the question is raised whether this subdivision by means of immunologic investigations is meaningful for the clinician. PMID- 6235582 TI - [Clinical and immunobiological action of an orally administered bacterial extract]. AB - The effect of a bacterial extract orally administered to 20 children with recurrent infections of the upper respiratory tract was investigated in a double blind study. The composition of the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (T and B lymphocytes, monocytes) and some of their biochemical properties (5' nucleotidase, beta-N-acetyl-glucosaminidase and non-specific esterase) were unaffected. In contrast, the allogeneic mixed lymphocyte reaction was significantly increased in patients treated with the bacterial extract. In the treated group the number of infectious episodes decreased significantly and the clinical response correlated positively with the mixed lymphocyte reaction. These findings suggest that the bacterial extract has the capacity to restore depressed immune functions by acting through the gut-associated lymphoid tissue. PMID- 6235584 TI - Subclavian steal: treatment with percutaneous transluminal angioplasty. AB - Three cases of subclavian steal were treated with percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of the subclavian stenosis. One patient had dilatation of the lesion three separate times, without CNS complications. Initial screening with continuous wave Doppler ultrasound proved successful in identifying patients with the subclavian steal phenomenon and any associated carotid disease. PMID- 6235583 TI - Endometriosis in Asian women: a retrospective study. PMID- 6235585 TI - Enchondroma on bone scan in a patient with breast cancer. PMID- 6235586 TI - [Characteristics of arterial hypertension and the dispensary care of patients in the steppe reclamation areas of Dzhizak Province]. PMID- 6235587 TI - [Experience with the complex improvement of the economic structure of rural public health outside of the chernozem area of the RSFSR]. PMID- 6235588 TI - [Working conditions and temporary loss of work capacity in agricultural machinery operators]. PMID- 6235589 TI - [Regional coordination council on postgraduate training of medical personnel]. PMID- 6235590 TI - [Clinico-epidemiological study of chronic bronchopulmonary diseases in rural inhabitants]. PMID- 6235592 TI - [Status of surgical care in the RSFSR and prospects for its development]. PMID- 6235591 TI - [Congresses of physicians of the Volga region in the Soviet era]. PMID- 6235593 TI - [Endocardial lesion in myocarditis and cardiomyopathy]. PMID- 6235594 TI - [Status of research into the problem of heart failure in the RSFSR]. PMID- 6235596 TI - [Adaptational and structural changes in the hypertrophied myocardium]. PMID- 6235595 TI - [Capillary blood flow changes in the lungs of tuberculosis and bronchial asthma patients]. PMID- 6235597 TI - [Dispensary care of chronic bronchitis patients]. PMID- 6235598 TI - [Morbidity with temporary loss of work capacity in the workers and employees in poultry plants]. PMID- 6235599 TI - [Ultrasonic transcutaneous flow measurement in the diagnosis of ectasia of the deep veins of the lower extremities]. PMID- 6235600 TI - [Clinical forms and the incidence of venous cerebral pathology in pregnant women]. PMID- 6235601 TI - Special needs in ordinary classrooms. PMID- 6235602 TI - How should we define 'handicap'? PMID- 6235603 TI - [The role of transluminal angioplasty in vascular surgery]. PMID- 6235604 TI - Effect of mepyramine on the untoward side-effects of impromidine. AB - The value of impromidine, a potent histamine H2-receptor agonist, as an effective acid-secretory stimulant is limited by its tendency to cause cardiovascular side effects. The possibility that the latter may be mediated not only by H2-receptors in the heart and peripheral blood vessels but also by overflow stimulation of H1 receptors was investigated in a double-blind study using impromidine with or without the H1-antagonist, mepyramine maleate. There was no significant difference between the two groups, suggesting that the side-effects are mediated by H2-receptors in the cardiovascular system alone. PMID- 6235605 TI - Workers' compensation: 1976-80 benchmark revisions. AB - Because the two systems directly affect each other, the Social Security Administration (SSA) has had a long-standing interest in workers' compensation. In some cases, workers' compensation fills the gaps in protection not covered by Social Security and, in others, it may duplicate such protection. Since 1965, Social Security disability benefits have been subject to reduction if the beneficiary also receives workers' compensation and the combined benefits exceed 80 percent of previous earnings. SSA has also been directly involved in providing income maintenance for disability from work-related diseases since 1969, when the Federal Black Lung program was established. Every 4 years, SSA prepares a new set of benchmark figures to serve as a basis for its series on national workers' compensation benefits and program operations. The 1980 benchmark figures, presented here, provide an opportunity to review program operations during the decade of the 1970's. PMID- 6235607 TI - Resin-bonded etched metal fixed partial dentures for the patient with a mentally handicapping condition. PMID- 6235606 TI - Dental management of a child with tuberous sclerosis: report of case. PMID- 6235608 TI - Oral surgery management of the geriatric patient. PMID- 6235609 TI - Subcutaneous fasciotomy for relief of stricture of the ileostomy. PMID- 6235610 TI - Clinical implications of portal hemodynamics after small-diameter portacaval H graft. AB - To assess the role of portal hemodynamics in the development of postshunt encephalopathy, we studied 19 patients after small-diameter portacaval H grafting (SD-PCHG). We used contrast studies as well as technetium-labeled macroaggregated albumin injected into the portal vein to assess direction of portal flow. We then quantitated the mesenteric fraction of flow perfusing the liver by injecting macroaggregated albumin into a peripheral mesenteric vein tributary. We found that none of seven patients with prograde flow by both scintigraphy and angiography developed postoperative encephalopathy, but the incidence was 58% in the remaining patients (p = 0.02). The fraction of mesenteric flow perfusing the liver after SD-PCHG was 12% +/- 4%, but this did not significantly correlate with encephalopathy rates. We conclude that after SD-PCHG, prograde portal flow minimizes encephalopathy rates. Although encephalopathy occurs in patients with predominantly reversed flow, a subgroup of patients with reversed flow remain without symptoms. The absolute fraction of mesenteric flow perfusing the liver has less influence on encephalopathy rates than has direction of portal flow. This study identifies a complex relationship between portal hemodynamics and encephalopathy. PMID- 6235611 TI - Suppressor cell induction in donor-specific transfused mouse heart recipients. AB - Administration of donor-specific blood presenting major or minor foreign histocompatibility antigens to the mouse recipient improved heart allograft survival when a single transfusion of 0.25 ml was given to the recipient prior to transplantation. Multiple transfusions did not prolong allograft survival, which suggested a presensitization effect. In addition, when the single transfusion volume was reduced to 0.025 ml, no significant effect in prolongation of graft survival was observed. Thus the amount of blood transfused seemed to be a critical factor in achieving the transfusion effect. Splenic suppressor cells after transfusion and transplantation (as determined by adoptive transfer) were present during the stable maintenance phase of graft survival in transfused recipients with long-term surviving heart allografts. Also, an intact spleen was required to achieve improved allograft survival in mice transfused with donor specific blood. Thus a mechanism for the favorable effect of blood transfusion may be the generation of splenic suppressor cells in response to transfusion followed by transplantation. PMID- 6235613 TI - The effect of exchange therapy on postburn lymphocyte suppression. AB - Circulating mediators have been implicated in the pathophysiology of postburn immunologic depression, suggesting the restorative potential of exchange therapy. Previous reports have stressed the immunosuppressive effects of massive transfusions and major surgical procedures. The effect of plasma exchange (PLA/EX) and surgical excision and grafting (E/G) procedures on postburn lymphocyte function was evaluated retrospectively in one-way mixed lymphocyte reaction assays. Twenty one adult patients with a mean total body surface area (TBSA) burn of 52.6% underwent a total of 54 PLA/EX procedures without complications. The mean volume of plasma exchanged was 5079 ml. PLA/EX was performed at a mean time of 10.4 days after burn injury. Thirty adult patients with a mean TBSA burn of 42.8% underwent a total of 78 E/G procedures. The mean graft size was 2373 cm2 per E/G procedure or 7.25% TBSA. The mean transfusion requirement per E/G was 3355 ml. The initial E/G occurred at a mean of 7.5 days after burn injury. PLA/EX decreased suppression of normal lymphocyte blastogenesis by burn serum from 62.7% to 28.3% (p less than 0.001). The mean duration of improvement in lymphocyte function was 4.8 days. Similarly, the mean suppression by burn serum drawn pre-E/G was 42.2%, while serum suppressive activity post-E/G was 29.1% (p less than 0.05). The mean duration of mixed lymphocyte reaction improvement was 5.0 days. Both PLA/EX and E/G procedures have a significant beneficial effect in restoring lymphocyte function in burn patients. PMID- 6235612 TI - Inhibition of host immunity by fluid and mononuclear cells from healing wounds. AB - Severe trauma impairs host immunity, which in turn renders the host susceptible to infection often terminating in death. This impairment occurs 7 to 14 days after injury, a time when wound healing is at its maximum. We examined the interactions of wound healing to host immunity by studying the in vitro and in vivo immune effects of wound components (i.e., wound fluid [WF] and wound mononuclear cells [WMNC]). Lewis male rats (RT-1(1] weighing 300 to 350 gm underwent 7 cm dorsal skin incisions and subcutaneous placement of polyvinyl alcohol sponges. At 7 and 10 days after wounding, sponges were removed and WF was separated from the cellular elements. The cell suspension was purified to contain 80% to 90% WMNC. Ten percent WF from 7- and 10-day-old wounds inhibits normal thymic lymphocyte blastogenesis to concanavalin A and phytohemagglutinin. Addition of 5 X 10(4) WMNC leads to similar inhibition. WF and WMNC from 10-day old wounds also inhibit in vitro allogeneic responses tested in one way MLR of Lewis splenocytes with inactivated ACI (RT-1a) spleen cells by 75% to 96% and 85% to 98%, respectively. The inhibitory action of WF is heat resistant (56 degrees C for 30 minutes) and noncytotoxic. In vivo allogeneic responses, tested by grafting ACI skin onto Lewis recipients, were inhibited by intraperitoneal administration of 10-day-old WF (p less than 0.01). We conclude that WF contains factor(s) that inhibit in vitro and in vivo immune responses. WMNC exhibits the same action, suggesting that they may be the source of the WF inhibitory factor(s). These findings may explain host immunosuppression after severe trauma. PMID- 6235614 TI - Reversal of postburn immunosuppression by the administration of vitamin A. AB - The effect of high doses of vitamin A was evaluated on the suppression of cellular immunity after a 30% body surface area experimental scald burn in a mouse model. Male CBA/J mice were treated postburn with daily intraperitoneal injections of either 3000 IU of vitamin A or an equal volume of 0.9N saline. Similar groups of unburned mice were also studied as controls. At the seventh postburn day, one-way mixed lymphocyte reactions were tested for each group with whole spleen cells of CBA/J mice used as responders and mitomycin C-treated whole spleen cells of C57 BL/6 mice used as stimulators. When results were expressed as mean percentage of the values of control animals, no significant difference was observed between the saline-injected unburned control group (taken as 100%) and the vitamin A-treated unburned control groups (89%). The burned animals treated with saline showed suppression to 21% of the control values. However, the burned animals treated postburn with vitamin A improved the response rate dramatically to 52% of control values. This improvement over the untreated burned animals was significant in all experiments performed (p less than 0.02). This study suggests that vitamin A may be an effective agent in the reversal of cellular immunosuppression after burns. PMID- 6235615 TI - [Possible mechanisms of the effect of a viral infection on the development of rheumatism]. PMID- 6235616 TI - [Associations of the clinical characteristics of rheumatoid arthritis with the phenotypes of erythrocyte enzymes]. PMID- 6235617 TI - Epidemiological study of gastroschisis and omphalocele in Spain. AB - We report an epidemiological study of gastroschisis and omphalocele performed through the Spanish Collaborative Study of Congenital Malformations. Among 264,502 live births analyzed from April 1976 to September 1981, 12 gastroschisis and 40 omphaloceles were identified. The overall incidence of gastroschisis was 0.4 per 10,000 live births and 1.5 for omphalocele. The incidence of gastroschisis showed a significant secular trend with a mean annual increase of 0.38 per 10,000 livebirths. The mean maternal age was 21.42, which is significantly lower than the control group (p less than 0.01). Among isolated omphaloceles the maternal ages showed a U-shape distribution. Maternal vaginal bleeding, gestational age, and birth weight were significantly different between gastroschisis and omphaloceles and the controls. Mortality within the first 3 days of life was significantly higher in gastroschisis, syndromic omphaloceles, and those associated with other malformations when compared to controls. No significant consanguinity or familial cases were observed for either gastroschisis or omphaloceles. PMID- 6235618 TI - Estrogenic activity of zearalenone and zearalanol in the neonatal rat uterus. AB - Fusarium sp. contaminated feedstuffs elicit adverse estrogenic effects in several commercially important animal species via the mycotoxin zearalenone. An estrogenically active synthetic derivative, zearalanol, is used as an anabolic agent in cattle. Since estrogens can irreversibly alter target tissue development, we investigated the estrogenic activity of these compounds in the neonatal rat uterus. Both induced dose-dependent premature uterine growth when injected daily on postnatal days 1-5 (ED50 = 1.3 mg/kg BW). Nuclear estrogen receptor levels dramatically increased 1 hour after either a single injection on day 5 or after five daily injections. In 5-day-old animals, the translocated nuclear receptor was characterized as a single class of binding sites with a dissociation constant (KD) for estradiol (E2) of 1 nM. At 15 days, zearalanol treated animals showed greater uterine nuclear receptor retention than zearalenone-treated animals. In 5-day-old animals, single mycotoxin doses induced five fold elevations of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) at 6 hours. Unlike the growth response, ODC dose-response studies showed zearalanol to be about 20-fold more effective than zearalenone. Time course studies revealed that a low dose of zearalenone, but not of zearalanol, resulted in a shift in peak activity from 6 to 8 hours. These data suggest that metabolism of zearalenone may be important in short-term pharmacodynamics. In a competitive binding assay, neither compound competed [3H]E2 from the E2 binding site on alpha-fetoprotein. We conclude that the uterine growth response and ODC induction demonstrate the neonatal estrogenic action of these mycotoxins, apparently mediated via the estrogen receptor. The greater effectiveness of zearalanol in inducing ODC may be related to nuclear retention and/or zearalenone metabolism. PMID- 6235619 TI - Direct labelling of ipratropium bromide aerosol and its deposition pattern in normal subjects and patients with chronic bronchitis. AB - A technique for the direct labelling of ipratropium bromide with bromine-77, with reconstitution of the drug in a metered dose inhaler so as to be identical to the commercial product, was used to study drug deposition patterns in seven normal subjects and seven patients with chronic bronchitis (mean FEV1 32% (SD 12.2%) predicted normal). The gamma camera image of the thorax was divided into a middle zone--the mediastinal zone--and the lung itself into a central zone comprising its medial third and a peripheal zone, the lateral two thirds. Measurements after 10 inhalations of labelled ipratropium bromide showed similar results for the two groups of subjects. The total lung dose inhaled was 11.2% of 203 micrograms and 11.7% of 186 micrograms in the normal subjects and the patients respectively. In contrast to the deposition patterns seen in aerosol studies using steady state inhalation methods, there was no difference in deposition pattern--that is, the distribution between the central and the peripheral lung zones--between the normal subjects and the patients with airways obstruction. PMID- 6235620 TI - Occupational asthma, rhinitis, and dermatitis due to tetrazene in a detonator manufacturer. PMID- 6235621 TI - [Allergy to paracetamol. A case of hepatic and cutaneous involvement]. PMID- 6235622 TI - Unusual electrophoretic behaviour of human blood platelet membrane glycoprotein Ib due to complex formation? PMID- 6235623 TI - Dentistry for the cancer patient. PMID- 6235624 TI - Comparison of cytotoxicity of mercury-selenium and mercury compounds on cultured cells. AB - In vitro effects of mercury-selenium (Hg-Se) compounds, as compared with their original mercury compounds, against growth and viability of HeLa cells were studied. A water-soluble, ethanol-insoluble black complex (GX) formed from HgCl2, Na2SeO3 and GSH was less toxic than HgCl2, but the cytotoxicity of bis(methylmercuric) selenide (BMS) seemed to be similar to that of methylmercury. This may be due to the instability of BMS; i.e., there is a possibility that BMS decomposed to methylmercury and selenium under our culture conditions. PMID- 6235625 TI - [Risk factors of Salmonella infection for young children]. PMID- 6235626 TI - [Patterns of the epidemiologic process in influenza and other acute respiratory diseases during a period of outbreak of influenza A (H3N2)]. PMID- 6235628 TI - [Autonomy of the epidemic process of mumps in cities]. PMID- 6235627 TI - [Humoral immunity indices of measles in reinoculated schoolchildren]. PMID- 6235629 TI - [The role of vaccinated individuals in measles morbidity during the vaccination period]. PMID- 6235630 TI - [Synchronous changes in the morbidity of acute intestinal infections in large territories]. PMID- 6235631 TI - [Mechanisms of the development and manifestation of seasonal epidemics of Sonne dysentery among children and basic trends in prevention]. PMID- 6235632 TI - [Effectiveness of mud treatment at Yevpatoriya health resort of patients suffering from periodontal diseases]. PMID- 6235633 TI - [Role of genetic factors in the development of open bite]. PMID- 6235634 TI - [Importance of viral hepatitis in dental practice]. PMID- 6235635 TI - Cerebrovascular diseases in a fixed population of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, with special reference to relationship between type and risk factors. AB - A study was made of the incidence of cerebrovascular disease, the chronological trends, and the relationship between the disease types and risk factors in 16,491 citizens of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. The subjects underwent medical examination at least once between 1958-74, and were free of cerebrovascular disease at the initial examination. During the 16-year period, 1.162 cases of cerebrovascular disease developed in the study population, with diagnosis definite in 621. By type, there were 108 cases of cerebral hemorrhage, 469 cases of cerebral infarction, 33 cases of subarachnoid hemorrhage, and 11 cases of other unclassifiable types. As a risk factor of cerebral hemorrhage, elevation of systolic and diastolic blood pressure was the most closely related to onset, and left ventricular hypertrophy on electrocardiogram (ECG), and proteinuria were also related. However, a tendency was seen for the risk to be higher when the levels of serum cholesterol were lower. In cerebral infarction, aging like systolic blood pressure, was a most important risk factor. Left ventricular hypertrophy on ECG, proteinuria, and diabetes could also be risk factors. However, the relation to blood pressure, especially diastolic blood pressure, was not so great as in the case of cerebral hemorrhage. PMID- 6235636 TI - [Working seminars - an effective form of improving the qualifications of forensic medicine experts]. PMID- 6235637 TI - [Konrad the mint-master or Konrad the pharmacist? On an analysis of a late medieval treatise on plague]. PMID- 6235638 TI - [Seneca the Elder, Controversiae 10,5,17: an overlooked reference in the history of ancient anatomy]. PMID- 6235639 TI - [Adaptation to malaria in 18th century Chinese sources]. PMID- 6235640 TI - [Scientific social hygiene and social practice in the German Empire. A contribution to the development of social hygiene in the 1st third of the 20th century]. PMID- 6235641 TI - [Hypothetical link between ape and man. The early fossil-poor history in paleoanthropology]. PMID- 6235642 TI - [The taxonomy of mammals in medieval Arabic sources]. PMID- 6235643 TI - [The incorporation of the concept of ethology into the system of biosciences in the 19th century]. PMID- 6235644 TI - Induction of early alloantigen tolerance in thymus and spleen. AB - Both thymocytes and splenocytes from B6 (H-2b) mice injected as neonates with C3H(H-2k) or (B6 X C3H)F1 cells exhibited specific nonresponsiveness to the H-2KD alloantigens in question. Thus, tolerance could be induced in strain combinations which did not share H-2 antigens. Induction of specific allotolerance did not require the presence of Thy-1.2+, Ia+ or G10-Sepharose-adherent cells in the donor inoculum, however injection of irradiated (1200 rad) cells was ineffective. Evidence of specific unresponsiveness was found as early as 5 days after birth and was not abrogated by adding either irradiated normal spleen cells or exogenous interleukin-2 in vitro. In fact, in some experiments there was evidence for the presence of stimulated helper T cells within the population of 'tolerant' cytotoxic T cells exposed to alloantigen. However, this could reflect the operation of a syngeneic mixed lymphocyte reaction directed at, for instance, fetal calf serum components expressed in the context of the tolerated Ia determinants. PMID- 6235646 TI - Evaluation of T cell subpopulation and function in thymosin treated spontaneously hypertensive rats. AB - Recent evidence of immunologic abnormalities in the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) have been reported as one of the underlying causes in the pathogenesis of hypertension. In this study, monoclonal antibodies were used in a direct immunofluorescence assay to analyze the percentage of lymph node T cell subsets in untreated controls compared to thymosin treated SHR and Wistar Kyoto (W/K) rats. Results indicated that there were 19.7% T helper cells in the lymph nodes of the untreated SHR and 10.8% in the W/K, while the SHR suppressor population was 15.5% and the W/K 24.4%. Administration of thymosin, fraction 5 or the thymosin peptide alpha 7 increased suppressor cell number 2.5 to 3 fold and was successful in lowering blood pressure. Use of the Alzet mini-osmotic pump, containing a 2 week supply of thymosin, fraction 5 or alpha 7, was also effective in lowering blood pressure. In addition, thymosin treatment increased plaque forming cells approximately 2 to 6 fold in both SHR and W/K animals depending on the mode of administration. Female rats were more responsive to treatment with thymosin than male rats. PMID- 6235645 TI - Induction of T cell differentiation in early-thymectomized Xenopus by grafting adult thymuses from either MHC-matched or from partially or totally MHC mismatched donors. AB - The effect of grafting thymuses from major histocompatibility complex (MHC) matched and mismatched (either partially or totally) adult donors on the restoration of T-cell dependent immune responses of Xenopus adults that were thymectomized (txd) during early larval life was examined. Four to 5 month-old diploid (or triploid) frogs of defined MHC haplotypes that had been txd on day 4 or 5 postfertilization were each grafted subcutaneously with a pair of thymuses from a triploid (or diploid) MHC-defined frog. Regardless of the donor-host combination, thymus grafts restored in vivo acute skin allograft rejection capacities and antibody responses to SRBC and in vitro proliferative responses of spleen cells to the T cell mitogens, PHA and Con A. Txd frogs that were grafted with MHC-mismatched thymus did not reject skin grafts with the MHC haplotype of the thymus donor. Nevertheless, their spleen cells could proliferate, in one way MLC, in response to irradiated stimulator cells with the thymus donor MHC haplotype. Ploidy analyses of mithramycin-stained thymic and splenic lymphocytes (DNA quantitation by flow cytometry) demonstrated that in certain donor-host combinations, cells from totally or partially MHC-mismatched donors as well as from MHC-matched donors persisted in the thymus grafts and/or the spleens of txd hosts. Chimerism lasted for at least 1 year after thymus grafting. In other donor host combinations, however, (txd isogenic cloned LG15 frogs grafted with allogeneic thymus from MHC-homozygous triploid J strain frogs), no donor cells could be detected 7 months after thymus grafting. Chromosome counts of PHA induced metaphases of spleen cells from these and other thymus-grafted frogs revealed host cells in metaphase. This suggests that thymus grafts can promote the differentiation of host precursor cells along a T cell pathway. PMID- 6235647 TI - An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the quantification of serum platelet bindable IgG. AB - An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using F(ab')2 peroxidase-labeled antihuman immunoglobulin and o-phenylenediamine dihydrochloride (OPD) as a substrate was developed to measure serum platelet bindable IgG (S-PBIgG). The assay was made quantitative by standardizing the number of normal "target" platelets bound to microtiter plate wells, and by incorporating quantitated IgG standards with each microtiter plate tested to prepare a standard calibration curve. By this method, S-PBIgG for normal individuals was 3.4 +/- 1.6 fg per platelet (mean +/- 1 SD; n = 40). Increased S-PBIgG levels were detected in 36 of 40 patients with clinical autoimmune thrombocytopenia (ATP), ranging from 7.0 to 85 fg per platelet. Normal S-PBIgG levels were found in 34 of 40 patients with nonimmune thrombocytopenia. This method showed a sensitivity of 90 percent, specificity of 85 percent, and in the sample population studied, a positive predictive value of 0.86 and a negative predictive value of 0.90. This assay is highly reproducible (coefficient of variation was 6.8%) and appears useful in the evaluation of patients with suspected immune-mediated thrombocytopenia. PMID- 6235648 TI - The specificity of nephritogenic antibodies. II. Immune complex glomerulopathy in rats induced by heterologous antithymocyte serum. AB - Injection of rabbit anti-rat thymocyte serum (ATS) i.v into rats induces a transient glomerulopathy characterized by immune aggregates localized in the mesangium and along the glomerular capillary wall, as detected by immunofluorescence (IF) techniques. Neither light microscopical alterations in the kidney, nor proteinuria could be detected in these animals and no autologous IgG could be observed in the glomeruli during the observation period (45 days). Results from ex vivo perfusion studies showed identical localization of immune aggregates--which, in electron microscopy, appear to be localized subepithelially. The ATS used, was monospecific in that no other specificities could be detected after thorough absorption with rat tissue extracts including tubular brushborder antigens, so it is concluded from these data that ATS is able to participate in the formation of immune complexes in situ by recognizing epitopes both in the mesangium and at the epithelial side of the glomerular basement membrane. PMID- 6235649 TI - Effect of deflazacort, a glucocorticoid with bone-sparing properties, on mixed lymphocyte response and skin graft rejection. PMID- 6235651 TI - Rejection episodes and lymphocyte responses in patients treated with rabbit antithymocyte sera. PMID- 6235650 TI - Sparing of suppressor cells: a critical action of cyclosporine. PMID- 6235652 TI - Studies on rejection of heart grafts bearing isolated RT1A-encoded class I disparities. PMID- 6235653 TI - Mechanisms of tolerance in marrow transplantation. PMID- 6235654 TI - Mechanisms of specific unresponsiveness to allografts. PMID- 6235655 TI - [Multiple chromosome aberrations in 3 generations of a family and Down's syndrome resulting from partial trisomy of chromosome 21 (q21--q22)]. AB - Two balanced translocations (1; 16) (q22; q11) and t(21; 22) (q21; p11), partial inversion of chromosome 9 and variant 16gh + were detected in the family of the child with Down's syndrome. The proband clinical picture was due to trisomy of the distal region of the long arm of chromosome 21 (q21----q22). Proband's karyotype was 46, XY, --22, +der(22), t(21; 22)mat, inv(9). Carriers of variant 16gh+ had a normal phenotype and a normal reproductive function. The relation is discussed of the balanced translocations and C-heterochromatin to the development of following chromosomal aberrations. A probability prediction of the progeny is given. It is advisable to make a prenatal diagnosis of the fetal chromosome set for each subsequent pregnancy. PMID- 6235656 TI - Methodology and basic problems related to blood flow studies in the human fetus. AB - A method was developed for non-invasive measurement of human fetal blood flow. The method combines real-time ultrasonography with 2 MHz pulsed Doppler technique. The blood flow is calculated from the blood velocity, estimated from the Doppler spectrum, and the vessel diameter, measured in the real-time image. Time-distance recording was applied for measurements of the pulsatile diameter changes in the fetal aorta. The method proved to possess a good accuracy and reproducibility when tested in vitro experiments and in a comparison with electromagnetic flow measurements in animals. Possible sources of error were analysed and recommendations for minimizing the risk of errors are presented. PMID- 6235657 TI - A new superagonist of GnRH for inhibition of ovulation in women. PMID- 6235658 TI - Digital subtraction angiography for noninvasive imaging of the renal artery. AB - Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) is a relatively new radiologic technique for noninvasive imaging of arterial anatomy. DSA has been shown to be effective in defining the renal arteries in patients with known or suspected renovascular disease. DSA is an excellent means of screening for renovascular disease and of following patients with serial studies after surgical revascularization or percutaneous dilatation of renal arterial stenosis. It is excellent for monitoring patients with known renovascular disease. PMID- 6235659 TI - Late results of aortorenal bypass. AB - Much of the controversy about operative intervention for renovascular hypertension stems from reports that show a low rate of blood pressure benefit, a high technical failure rate of revascularization, or a high operative risk. Current results in centers having a large operative experience with the management of renovascular hypertension, however, demonstrate the practical value of aortorenal bypass. At Vanderbilt University, sequential angiographic study demonstrates that most bypass grafts (88 per cent) remain stable, with no adverse changes during long-term follow-up. Similarly, comparison of initial blood pressure response to blood pressure status after 15 to 20 years shows that the benefit of aortorenal bypass is maintained. PMID- 6235660 TI - Renal vascular disease and renovascular hypertension in children. AB - Renal vascular disease is the second most common cause of secondary pediatric hypertension, usually occurring as intimal or atypical medial-perimedial stenoses. Developmental lesions account for 40 per cent of these stenoses. Assessments of renin activity and arteriography are useful in identifying functionally important lesions. Urography in this age group has little diagnostic utility. Renal revascularization offers a 95 per cent beneficial outcome to properly selected patients. PMID- 6235661 TI - Renovascular hypertension following renal transplantation. AB - The authors address the multifactored origins of renovascular hypertension following renal transplantation and present the experience with digital subtraction angiography and percutaneous transluminal angioplasty as well as standard angiography and surgical repair in the diagnosis and treatment of transplant renal artery stenosis. The roles of the renin-angiotensin system of the native kidney and of the allograft in sustaining hypertension after transplantation are reviewed in detail. PMID- 6235662 TI - The current role of renal angioplasty in the treatment of renovascular hypertension. AB - Percutaneous transluminal renal angioplasty, a relatively noninvasive technique, has assumed an increasing role in the treatment of renovascular hypertension. The combined advent of digital subtraction angiography, renal-vein renin samples, and percutaneous transluminal angioplasty have prompted many physicians to reassess their treatment strategies. The authors present their experience with renal angioplasty at the New York Hospital and briefly describe the history and mechanism of action of this procedure. PMID- 6235664 TI - [Organization of emergency endoscopic and roentgenological examinations in acute surgical diseases and injuries of the abdomen]. PMID- 6235663 TI - Percutaneous transluminal dilatation. A realistic appraisal in patients with stenosing lesions of the renal artery. AB - The application of percutaneous transluminal dilatation in the management of patients with renal artery stenosis remains controversial today. Both advocates and detractors of this therapeutic maneuver can acknowledge reports of technical success with short-term follow-up and several instances of significant major complications. Very few firm conclusions can be drawn from the literature on percutaneous transluminal dilatation at the current time. To answer the many questions about this procedure, it is appropriate to encourage that carefully designed randomized protocols comparing surgical revascularization and percutaneous transluminal dilatation in patients with similar clinical and epidemiologic criteria be developed. PMID- 6235665 TI - [Saturation of allogeneic fasciae with carbon dioxide and the effectiveness of their use in the treatment of patients with extensive postoperative hernias]. PMID- 6235666 TI - [Indications for endovascular dilatation in arterial occlusive diseases of the limbs]. AB - Nearest and long-term results of rentgen-endovascular dilatation in obliterating lesions of extremity arteries were studied in 74 patients. The authors believe rentgen-endovascular dilatation to be performed according to the following indications: 1. Stenoses and segment occlusions not longer than 5 cm with intact patency of the arteries in portions distal and proximal to the obliteration; 2. Stenoses of iliac arteries with altered femoral and popliteal arteries requiring operative measures and stenoses of the femoro-popliteal segments against the background of an obliterating lesion of the iliac arteries amendable to operative measures only; 3. Combination of stenosis or occlusion with unsatisfactory blood flow in the distal bed not corrected operatively; 4. Stenoses and occlusions not longer than 12-15 cm with elevated risk of operation; 5. Stenoses revealed after a successful course of thrombolytic therapy. PMID- 6235667 TI - [Endovascular balloon dilatation in the treatment of atherosclerotic lesions of the iliac artery]. AB - Roentgen-endovascular balloon dilatation was used in 16 patients with segmentary stenoses and occlusions of arteries and lower extremity ischemias. The results obtained suggest high efficiency of roentgen-endovascular balloon dilatation for the reestablishment of major blood flow. PMID- 6235668 TI - [Laparoscopy in the diagnosis of tumors and echinococcosis of the abdominal organs]. PMID- 6235669 TI - Lesions caused by Parelaphostrongylus odocoilei (Nematoda: Metastronglyloidea) in two cervid hosts. AB - Pathologic effects and host response were evaluated in seven white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) and six mule deer (O. hemionus hemionus) each exposed per os to 300 or 1000 third-stage larvae of Parelaphostrongylus odocoilei. Pathologic effects in mule deer consisted of hemorrhagic myositis throughout skeletal muscles, severe verminous pneumonia, and moderate lymphadenitis. The major host response was a granulomatous inflammation associated with nematode eggs and larvae. Granulomas obliterated the normal architecture of affected tissues. Pathologic effects and host response were minimal in white-tailed deer. P. odocoilei is considered a potential direct or indirect pathogen in mule deer but an insignificant parasite in white-tailed deer. PMID- 6235670 TI - Apparent case of equine cutaneous habronemiasis. PMID- 6235671 TI - [Preventive effectiveness of dried polyvalent Shigella bacteriophage in organized collective farms]. PMID- 6235672 TI - [Rehabilitation of patients with cancer of the proximal section of the stomach]. AB - A clinical and socio-psychological study showed that more than 50% of patients with cancer of the proximal part of the stomach may be rehabilitated following radical treatment (surgery or radiation plus surgery). Large contingents of cancer patients may return to work if a number of requirements e. g. provision of regular meals at the place of work, sparing diet, reduced working hours, healthy psychological climate, etc. are met. PMID- 6235673 TI - [Characteristics of the causative agents of the influenza A (H3N2) epidemic in Leningrad in 1983]. AB - Investigation of influenza A (H3N2) epidemic of 1983 in Leningrad revealed simultaneous circulation of 3 antigenic variants similar to A/Bangkok/1/79, A/Bangkok/2/79, and A/Philippines/2/82 with significant predominance of the first antigenic variant. The viruses related to A/Philippines/2/82 comprising one-third of all isolations produced antibodies of a wide spectrum unlike the other two variants whose antisera neutralize actively the homologous virus only. The possibility of selecting epidemic strains of the A/Philippines/2/82 variety as vaccine strain candidates is discussed. PMID- 6235675 TI - [Cellular defense mechanisms in rheumatoid arthritis and juvenile rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 6235674 TI - [Characteristics of 2 epidemic outbreaks of influenza in 1981]. PMID- 6235676 TI - [A transient mobile left ventricular thrombosis in dilated cardiomyopathy]. AB - We present a transient mobile left ventricular thrombus formation in a case of dilated cardiomyopathy; diagnosis was achieved by two dimensional echocardiography. Resolution of the thrombus was documented after 36 hours of treatment with anticoagulant therapy. PMID- 6235677 TI - [Simultaneous EMG-flow measurements in the diagnosis and therapy of enuresis]. AB - Simultaneous EMG-Flow-Measurement is introduced as a screening-test to reveal bad voiding habits causing enuresis, recurrent urinary tract infections or reflux. The simple, non-invasive technique can be used in diagnosis and treatment (biofeedback) of the above mentioned illnesses. PMID- 6235678 TI - Reflections on beauty as it relates to health in adolescent females. AB - Because an attractive appearance is so essential to the feminine gender role, the search for beauty causes special adjustment problems for adolescent girls. Psychologically they suffer from negative body image, lowered self-esteem, and achievement conflicts. Physically their health is undermined by current beauty norms which foster eating disorders, cosmetic acne, and breast surgery. The effects of physical fitness programs, the role of the media, and the influence of changing gender roles are also discussed. PMID- 6235679 TI - Abrogation of the beneficial blood transfusion effect in dogs by splenectomy. PMID- 6235681 TI - [Gastrointestinal hemorrhages due to Gricin intake]. PMID- 6235680 TI - [Differential diagnosis of presenile dementia from the neurological viewpoint]. AB - The author shows that dementia does not exist as a disease as such. Therefore, efforts in terms of differential diagnostics are required to investigate this psychopathological syndrome which may conceal a number of clinical pictures which are easy to treat or manifest themselves as dementia. If a patient suffers from dementia, the physician must not give in to diagnostic and therapeutical nihilism. Diagnosing the existence of dementia is just as inadequate as diagnosing the existence of a shoulder-hand syndrome. The reasons must be found and a number of advanced invasive and non-invasive methods are available today such as ultrasonography, computer tomography, measurements of the regional blood supply of the brain, angiography, electroencephalograms, laboratory tests, etc. Although all these advanced methods exist, a careful anamnesis and the clinical findings continue to be of significance for the aetiology of the disease. The author does not mention very rare diseases such as the group of leucodystrophies and subacute sclerosing panencephalitis, nor does he refer to diseases such as Whipple's disease, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, vitamin deficiencies and hormonal conditions, which may also accompany dementia. PMID- 6235682 TI - [Miconazole-benzoyl peroxide: a new combination for extending the topical therapy of acne]. AB - In a randomized double blind study on acne the efficacy and tolerance of a combination preparation of benzoyl peroxide and miconazole as a cream formulation was compared with those of benzoyl peroxide and oral tetracyclin. For this study, we selected patients mainly suffering from papulopustular acne of medium to high degree of severity. Efficacy and tolerance were satisfactory in both groups, and there was no statistically significant difference. PMID- 6235683 TI - [Treatment of acne vulgaris. Double-blind study of a combination of 5% benzoyl peroxide/2% miconazole (Acnidazil) and tretinoin 0.05%]. AB - The clinical efficacy and tolerance of a combination of benzoyl peroxide 5% and miconazole 2%, Acnidazil, for the treatment of facial acne vulgaris have been compared with those of tretinoin 0.05% in a double-blind study with 40 patients during 12 weeks. The combination of benzoyl peroxide and miconazole gave improvement in 82% of 22 patients, compared to tretinoin which gave improvement in 50% of 18 comparable patients. The difference is significant. Also, side effects were significantly less in the benzoyl-miconazole group than in the tretinoin group. PMID- 6235684 TI - [Experiences in dermatologic practice with combined external treatment of acne with benzoyl peroxide and erythromycin]. AB - Fifty patients consulting my dermatologic practice because of facial papulopustular acne varying from grade I up to grade IV (according to Plewig and Kligman) have been treated with benzoyl peroxide and erythromycin. The more severe cases (grades III and IV) received additional treatment, such as tetracycline or cyproterone acetate internally and/or, externally, removal of comedones as well as UV-A-radiation. As a result, 68 percent of all patients showed remission in at least 70 percent of their inflammatory skin eruptions. PMID- 6235685 TI - [Treatment of gonorrhea with spectinomycin and penicillin]. AB - In an open clinical trial, spectinomycin and penicillin G were compared with regard to clinical efficacy, side effects, as well as bacteriological sensitivity in patients suffering from acute gonorrhea. The study was concerned with 176 female patients of a harbor medical practice who were frequently changing partners. 87 out of these patients were treated with spectinomycin, 89 of them with penicillin G. Smear specimens of all patients were tested microscopically; in addition, we performed bacteriological tests (as agar diffusion test, tube dilution test, beta-lactamase test). Both spectinomycin and penicillin showed a good clinical efficacy, except for one case of resistance against penicillin. Afterwards, this patient was successfully treated with spectinomycin. Apart from intermittent pain in the injection area, no side effects have been reported in either group of patients. PMID- 6235686 TI - [Multicellular glands in the epidermis of non-paired fins in blennies (Blenniidae, Teleostei)]. PMID- 6235687 TI - Mucopolysaccharide histochemistry of labial palp epithelium in Parreysia corrugata var. nagpoorensis (Lea). PMID- 6235688 TI - Long-term results in children with omphalocele and gastroschisis--a follow-up study. AB - Forty-six children operated on for omphalocele or gastroschisis were followed up at an average age of 8.8 years. A questionnaire form was sent to all patients. Fourteen were called for a medical examination including x-ray and laboratory test. An increased incidence of intestinal obstruction during the first year of life was found. Seven children reported recurrent abdominal pain, but the x-ray film showed no evidence of intestinal obstruction. Some girls were for cosmetic reasons concerned over the absence of their navel or a disfiguring scar on the abdominal wall. Otherwise the children had developed normally. Length and weight were within normal limits and the children had no serious consequences of their severe congenital malformation. PMID- 6235689 TI - [Dental treatment of patients with pacemakers]. PMID- 6235690 TI - [Risk factors in symptomatic dentistry. 1]. PMID- 6235691 TI - [Risk factors in symptomatic dentistry. 2]. PMID- 6235693 TI - [Experiences with the Scharnier tray with reference to the use of a plastic casting technic]. PMID- 6235692 TI - [Phonetic comparison of various anterior prosthetic designs in completely edentulous patients]. PMID- 6235695 TI - [Bonded pontics]. PMID- 6235694 TI - [The profession of dental technology]. PMID- 6235696 TI - [Social-vocational readaptation of patients with periodic schizophrenia at late stages of the course of the disease (according to the results of a clinico epidemiologic study)]. AB - A comparative clinical-epidemiological investigation of 193 patients with long standing periodic schizophrenia (over 20 years) living in different regions of the country (Moscow and Andizhan) made it possible to determine the general regularities and characteristics of the social and occupational readaptation of the given group of patients. Marriage and good relationships within the family were consistent with better readaptation potentialities in both populations. With regard to other factors, patients with higher and incomplete higher education engaged in mental occupations showed better results in the Moscow population while patients with general and special secondary education engaged in qualified manual work exhibited better prognosis in the Andizhan population. A low level of education and qualification (for the Moscow population) the lack of a spouse and unsatisfactory family relations as well as the presence of a documentally validated group of disability (particularly Group II) were significantly more frequently correlated with social and occupational deadaptation of the patients studied. PMID- 6235698 TI - [Study of the process of rehabilitation of the mentally ill using the Rehabilitation Automated Information System (RAIS)]. AB - The rehabilitation automated information system (RAIS) developed at the V. M. Bekhterev Institute is described. The data on the patients and the process of their treatment and rehabilitation are coded in a formalized case history (a rehabilitation form). The experience with RAIS which already has a bank of data including over 1200 rehabilitation forms is presented. The directions of research conducted with the help of RAIS are outlined. PMID- 6235697 TI - [Various factors affecting the length of hospitalization of schizophrenic patients]. AB - A total of 256 schizophrenics were examined for the effect of different variables on the duration of their hospital stay over the entire period of the disease. An analysis was performed with the help of the rehabilitation automated information system, using formalized case reports. The duration of hospitalization was shown to depend not only on the clinical characteristics of the patient but also on his or her personality and socio-psychological characteristics both in the process of illness and in the premorbid state. PMID- 6235699 TI - [From colonies for the mentally ill to the regional psychiatric hospital (on the 100th anniversary of the M. P. Litvinov Psychiatric Hospital)]. PMID- 6235700 TI - [Antiepileptic effects of synthetic pharmacologic agents and vitamin preparations used in combination]. AB - The effects of synthetic antiepileptic drugs (phenobarbital and diazepam) and vitamins (nicotinamide, pyridoxal-5 phosphate and alpha-tocopherol) were investigated on the model of the chronically epileptized brain in the form of corasole kindling in inbred and noninbred mice. It has been shown that both series of drugs inhibit the epileptic activity developing at the peak of brain epileptization and prevent its further development. The results of the study demonstrate the benefit of the multimodality pathogenetic therapy of epilepsy and suggest the advisability of its practical application. PMID- 6235701 TI - Monitoring of suppressor cell activity in nine renal transplant patients. AB - Function of Concanavalin A generated suppressor cells was serially tested on lymphocytes stimulated by mitogens, by a pool of test cells different in HLA-ABC and -DR, and by the kidney donor's cells preserved in liquid nitrogen. In six patients whose lymphocytes had strong suppressor cell activity, the kidney had a good function for 17-28 months (up to the time of the survey). In three patients who had practically no suppressor cell activity before and after transplantation, each kidney was rejected within 2-3 months. These observations are in accordance with recent experimental and clinical studies of other authors supporting the importance of suppressor cell activity in transplantation tolerance. PMID- 6235702 TI - Partial epileptic seizures beginning in the truncal muscles. AB - 3 patients suffered from partial epileptic seizures beginning in truncal muscles on one side. A gross anatomical lesion was demonstrated in the contralateral parietal area in 2. In the third patient, both interictal and ictal EEG features were consistent with an epileptogenic lesion in the similar location. Several factors seem to contribute to the rarity of this variety of partial seizures. PMID- 6235703 TI - Proteins in serum and cerebrospinal fluid in demented patients with Down's syndrome. AB - Serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of 19 Down's syndrome (DS) patients over 35 years old, were examined because of progressive dementia. Immunoglobulins, haptoglobin, transferrin, prealbumin and albumin were quantitated nephelometrically. The results were compared to those obtained for age-matched controls without neurological disease. The concentration of IgG was elevated in the DS serum and CSF, while that of IgA was elevated only in the serum. The level of transferrin was decreased in the DS serum and CSF, and that of albumin in the serum. IgM, haptoglobin and prealbumin concentrations were normal in the DS serum and CSF. No evidence of transudation of proteins into CSF and of their increased intrathecal synthesis was noted. These changes appear not to be associated with the development of dementia in DS. PMID- 6235705 TI - Endolymphatic hydrops and III type allergic reaction. AB - IgG antibody and complement are both present in endolymphatic fluid, and it is possible that immune complex may form in endolymphatic fluid. However, there are still obscure points as to whether endolymphatic hydrops is due to immune complex, but it is quite possible that it is only one causative factor in endolymphatic hydrops. PMID- 6235704 TI - The human respiratory nasal mucosa in nasal syphilis. A histochemical study. AB - The enzymatic changes in tertiary nasal syphilis were studied in 5 patients. The cholinesterase was increased in the subepithelium, around the glands and blood vessels, denoting parasympathetic hyperactivity. Acid phosphatase was increased in the epithelium, stromal histiocytes, around the glands and ducts, indicating increased phagocytotic activity. Alkaline phosphatase was increased in the capillary endothelium and periglandular stroma, denoting marked vascular changes. Succinic dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase, alpha esterase and PAS-alcian blue were diminished in the epithelium and glands, denoting diminished secretory activity, hence a diminished natural defence mechanism of the nasal mucosa. When serological tests are inconclusive, these findings become an important adjuvant to a final diagnosis. PMID- 6235706 TI - Post-ischemic calcification in skeletal muscle. A light microscopic study in the rat. AB - The extent of post-ischemic calcification in skeletal muscle was studied in rats subjected to 5.5 h of ischemia followed by periods of reperfusion ranging from 30 min to 16 h. Sections from the tibialis posterior and soleus muscle were stained with alizarin red S (ARS) and were inspected with light microscopy. The number of ARS-positive cells increased during the first 5 h of reperfusion. The extent of calcification varied between fibers and the pattern of calcification appeared to be dependent on fiber type. In some fast glycogenolytic fibers (FG) central calcifications, probably representing mitochondria, were observed. In fast oxidative glycogenolytic (FOG) and slow oxidative (SO) fibers the most common pattern was an ARS-positive granulation, probably representing calcification of sarcoplasmic reticulum and/or mitochondria. The granulation was more extensive in FOG than in SO fibers. In some areas extracellular ARS-positive material was observed. In such areas, which probably represent areas of no-reflow, no calcification of muscle fibers was observed. PMID- 6235707 TI - [Affinity of five progestin derivatives to progesterone receptors]. PMID- 6235708 TI - [Embryotoxicity and teratogenicity studies on artemether in mice, rats and rabbits]. PMID- 6235709 TI - [Pharmacokinetics of methotrexate in rabbits and six neoplastic patients]. PMID- 6235710 TI - [Inhibitory effects of sophocarpine on animal tumors]. PMID- 6235711 TI - [Effect of gamma-schisandrin on metabolism of DNA, ATP and nucleoprotein of cancer cells]. PMID- 6235713 TI - [Absorption, distribution and excretion of acronycine in rats]. PMID- 6235714 TI - [Distribution of pancreas imaging agents with 11C-amino acids in mice]. PMID- 6235712 TI - Releasing effect of thymidine on G1 phase arrest of erythroleukemia cells caused by FUDR and HMBA. PMID- 6235715 TI - [Radioimmunoassay for choline acetyltransferase]. PMID- 6235716 TI - [Enzyme induction by antiepilepsirine in mice and rats]. PMID- 6235717 TI - [Anti-inflammatory effect of 3-acetylaconitine]. PMID- 6235718 TI - [Modified fluorimetric method for plasma epinephrine and norepinephrine determination]. PMID- 6235719 TI - [Effect of tetrandrine and verapamil on contractility and oxygen consumption of the heart muscles]. PMID- 6235720 TI - Attenuation of the post-decapitation convulsions after repeated treatment of rats with desipramine, imipramine and maprotiline. AB - The effects of repeated treatment of rats with the antidepressant or potential antidepressant agents alaproclate, citalopram, clomipramine, desipramine, imipramine, maprotiline, mianserin and zimeldine on the convulsions released by decapitation were examined. The noradrenaline uptake inhibitors desipramine, imipramine and maprotiline increased significantly the latency of onset of the post-decapitation convulsions (PDC's) after repeated administration of 10 mumol/kg orally twice daily, or 66 mumol/kg orally once daily (desipramine), for 15 days. The duration of the PDC's was slightly prolonged by these agents. A single acute dose of desipramine (20 mg/kg) administered at various time intervals before decapitation (1 to 24 hours) had no effect on the PDC's nor did repeated treatment with the other compounds examined, alaproclate, citalopram, clomipramine, mianserin and zimeldine, have any effect upon the PDC latency. The results are interpreted as evidence for noradrenaline receptor subsensitivity following chronic treatment. PMID- 6235721 TI - Characterization of the binding of 3H-norzimeldine, a 5-HT uptake inhibitor, to rat brain homogenates. AB - The binding of radiolabelled norzimeldine, a potent selective 5-HT reuptake inhibitor, to rat brain homogenates is described. 3H-Norzimeldine binds to a site with high affinity (KD = 10.5 nM) in a saturable manner (Bmax = 15.4 pmol/g wet weight in the cerebral cortex). The number of binding sites in the various regions of the brain parallels the capacity of the 5-HT reuptake mechanism. Drugs that inhibit the reuptake of 5-HT are also potent inhibitors of the 3H norzimeldine binding, as are the tricyclic antidepressants, which are non specific inhibitors of the noradrenaline and the 5-HT reuptake. Lesioning experiments using DSP4 (a NA neurotoxin) and p-chloroamphetamine (a 5-HT neurotoxin) suggest that the binding site is located on the presynaptic 5-HT nerve terminal, although a small component of the binding may be to noradrenergic uptake sites as well. PMID- 6235722 TI - Effect of 5-chloro-7-iodo-8-hydroxy-quinoline (clioquinol) on the uptake and distribution of nickel, zinc and mercury in mice. AB - 5-Chloro-7-iodo-8-hydroxy-quinoline (clioquinol) was found to induce a very marked increase in the concentration of 63Ni2+ in various tissues of mice when given orally together with the metal, compared with oral administrations of 63Ni2+ only. Markedly increased tissue concentrations, although less expressed than for the 63Ni2+, were also observed for 65Zn2+. Clioquinol increased the tissue levels of 203Hg2+ to a lesser extent. When clioquinol was given intraperitoneally and 63Ni2+ was given intravenously there were also very markedly increased tissue levels of the metal, compared with intravenous injections of 63Ni2+ only. It was also shown that the urinary excretion of 63Ni2+ was greatly increased in mice given the metal orally together with clioquinol, compared with mice given the 63Ni2+ only. Clioquinol and other 8-hydroxy quinolines form lipophilic chelates with metallic cations and the observed effects on the tissue-disposition of the metals are probably due to a facilitated penetration through the cellular membranes. Determinations of the chloroform:water partition coefficients showed the highest lipophilicity for the nickel-clioquinol-complex followed in decreasing order by the complexes with zinc and mercury. These data suggest that the ability of the clioquinol to affect the uptake of the metals in the cells may be related to the relative lipophilicity of the metal-clioquinol-complexes. Clioquinol and other halogenated 8-hydroxy quinolines are linked with the SMON-syndrom, which has been observed preferentially in Japan. It is suggested that the pathogenesis of SMON may involve an accumulation of toxic concentrations of metals in the tissues due to facilitated uptake by complex-formation with halogenated 8-hydroxy quinolines.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6235723 TI - Current theories on the mode of action of antidepressant drugs. PMID- 6235724 TI - Central 5-HT neurons as targets for antidepressant drug action: differential modulation of 5-HT receptor populations in the central nervous system of the rat. PMID- 6235725 TI - Immunologic regulation of fetal-maternal balance. PMID- 6235726 TI - The influence of histamine on immune and inflammatory responses. PMID- 6235727 TI - The murine antitumor immune response and its therapeutic manipulation. PMID- 6235728 TI - A histopathological study of the percutaneous implantation of polyester fibers. AB - A histopathological study was made on scalp biopsies at 1 day, 1 week, 2 weeks, 1 month, 2 months, 5 months, and 20 months following implantation of synthetic fibers developed as artificial hair in Japan, in order to determine the histological conditions of its fixation over an extended period. In addition, the operative technique and materials for implantation were explored. PMID- 6235730 TI - Physical capacities evaluation: the application of corrective therapy evaluation techniques to assist in determining physical abilities after disability. PMID- 6235729 TI - Heart size in newborn infants with birth asphyxia. AB - Cardiomegaly is believed to be an important and relatively common radiographic finding in infants asphyxiated at birth. However, the true incidence of cardiomegaly in such infants has not been previously assessed. Accordingly, heart size was estimated using the cardiothoracic ratio (CTR) in 67 consecutive neonates with birth asphyxia (Apgar score below 6 at 1 and 5 min). The average CTR on the first postnatal film was 52.8%, significantly higher than that of unasphyxiated infants published previously. Subsequent CTR values did not differ significantly from the initial value. Of the 67 patients studied, 13 (19%) had significant cardiomegaly (CTR more than 2 SD above normal). Of these, 10 had conditions other than asphyxia that probably contributed to the cardiomegaly observed. Although relative heart enlargement is common in asphyxiated infants, absolute cardiomegaly is relatively uncommon, and in such infants causes other than asphyxia should be sought. PMID- 6235731 TI - Scintigraphic determination of ventricular function and coronary perfusion in long-distance runners. AB - Left ventricular function and coronary perfusion were evaluated with rest exercise gated blood pool and stress-redistribution thallium scans in a group of long-distance runners and compared to a group of catheterization-proved normal subjects. Exercise duration, work load, and oxygen consumption were significantly greater for long-distance runners. Rest end-diastolic volume (EDV), end-systolic volume (ESV), and stroke volumes (SV) were significantly larger in long-distance runners than in control subjects, while ejection fraction (EF), cardiac index (CI), and ejection rate were similar in both groups. Exercise EDV increased and ESV decreased, producing an increase in SV and EF in long-distance runners. Exercise EDV did not change and ESV decreased less, producing lesser increase in SV and EF in the control group. Qualitative evaluation of thallium scans showed apparent perfusion defects with normal redistribution in six myocardial segments in five long-distance runners. Quantitative evaluation demonstrated initial defects, which persisted on delay scans, but were associated with normal relative redistribution in three ventricular walls in three long-distance runners. In conclusion, left ventricular reserve function was greater in long-distance runners than in control subjects. Endurance exercise can be associated with apparent myocardial perfusion defects, which may be due to uneven ventricular hypertrophy resulting from the pressure and volume loads imposed by exercise. PMID- 6235733 TI - Lobar deposition of fibers in the rat. AB - Nineteen pathogen free male rats were exposed to a ceramic fiber dust cloud with an average of 709 f/mL for 5 days, 6 hours per day, by nose only, to study the deposition of fibers in the different lung lobes. The count median diameter and length of the airborne fibers were 0.53 micron and 3.7 microns respectively. Five days after the last day of exposure, the rats were sacrificed; lungs were excised, and lobes were separated, weighed and digested. The digested lungs were filtered on membrane filters. These filters as well as samples of the airborne fiber cloud were evaluated by optical phase contrast microscopy at 1000 X total magnification. Fiber deposition was calculated from the concentration of airborne fibers, the minute volume, the duration of exposure and the number of fibers in the digested lung tissue for various fiber length and diameter categories. Fiber deposition in all the lobes varied over a narrow range, 5.43% for the right diaphragmatic lobe to 8.38% for the right apical lobe. The fiber burden for all lobes was found to be weight dependent. For the right apical lobe, the anatomical characteristics also influenced fiber deposition. Fiber size distributions in the various lobes were not significantly different. PMID- 6235734 TI - Ultraviolet detection of synthetic oil contamination of skin. AB - A study was conducted to evaluate skin contamination occurring on coal liquefaction process workers using quantitative (Spill Spotter) and qualitative (blacklight) ultraviolet fluorescence methods. Other objectives were to determine the effectiveness of showering in removing contamination, and to determine the quantitative relationship between Spill Spotter response and skin contamination concentration. Field measurements showed wide ranges of background skin fluorescence caused by differing skin types. Visible dirt on the skin partially quenched the fluorescence response of the Spill Spotter. Fluorescent skin contamination on selected workers was quantified relative to a calibration curve developed on pigskin using a reference synfuel oil. One group of workers was shown to exhibit a two-to three-fold increase in fluorescence during the work shift. Showering removed skin contamination although residual contamination sometimes remained on workers that exhibited the greatest degree of skin contamination during the workshift. Further refinement of the ultraviolet method for absolute quantification of fluorescent skin contamination is needed. PMID- 6235732 TI - Cardiac size and function in children with sickle cell anemia. AB - Cardiac size and function were studied echocardiographically in 124 children with sickle cell anemia. A group of 78 healthy black children served as control subjects. Sickle cell patients exhibited progressive chamber enlargement and progressively increasing left ventricular mass. Although contractility indices were normal, when the opposing influences of volume overload due to anemia and ventricular dysfunction were separated, abnormalities of systolic time intervals were identified. Left ventricular systolic time interval ratio and left ventricular preejection period were higher in the sickle cell group and became increasingly abnormal with growth, suggesting that left ventricular function deteriorated with time. PMID- 6235735 TI - Acute hemodynamic effect of oral MDL 17,043 in severe congestive heart failure. AB - MDL 17,043, when administered intravenously in humans, produces a significant and salutary hemodynamic response. To determine its acute effect when administered orally (3 mg/kg), 10 patients with severe congestive heart failure were studied by right-sided cardiac catheterization for 8 hours. At 4 hours after drug ingestion, there was significant improvement in several hemodynamic measurements. Cardiac index increased 38% over baseline (from 1.9 +/- 0.4 to 2.6 +/- 0.4 liters/min/m2, p less than 0.01), arteriovenous oxygen difference decreased by 30% (from 8.0 +/- 1.4 to 5.6 +/- 1.2 vol%, p less than 0.01), heart rate increased by 8% (from 85 +/- 16 to 92 +/- 16 beats/min, p less than 0.05), stroke volume index increased by 22% (from 23 +/- 5 to 28 +/- 4 ml/beat/m2, p less than 0.05), left ventricular stroke work increased by 24% (from 18 +/- 5 to 22 +/- 5 g m/m2, p less than 0.01), mean arterial pressure decreased by 10% (from 79 +/- 6 to 71 +/- 9 mm Hg, p less than 0.01), mean right atrial pressure decreased by 40% (from 10 +/- 5 to 6 +/- 4 mm Hg, p less than 0.01), and mean pulmonary artery wedge pressure decreased by 36% (from 22 +/- 5 to 14 +/- 6 mm Hg, p less than 0.01). Cardiac index, arteriovenous oxygen difference, mean arterial pressure, right atrial pressure, and pulmonary artery wedge pressure remained significantly improved at 8 hours. These findings indicate that MDL 17,043 is active when administered orally and produces beneficial hemodynamic effects for as long as 8 hours. PMID- 6235736 TI - Early and late remodeling of the left ventricle after acute myocardial infarction. AB - This report describes early and later structural changes that occur in infarcted and noninfarcted ventricular myocardium after coronary arterial ligation in the rat. Histologic analysis was conducted of hearts subjected to 2 days (n = 22) and 21 days (n = 22) of coronary arterial occlusion, or to a sham operation (n = 22). Lengths, circumferences and areas of the left ventricle, of infarcted myocardium and of noninfarcted myocardium were obtained by videoplanimetry. Although the left ventricular (LV) endocardial circumference was similarly increased at 2 days (19 +/- 3 mm, mean +/- standard deviation) and 21 days (20 +/- 3 mm) compared with shams (13 +/- 3 mm, p less than 0.01), LV epicardial circumference was similar in all 3 groups (30 +/- 2, 31 +/- 2 and 31 +/- 2 mm, respectively). The area enclosed by the endocardial circumference was significantly (p less than 0.01) increased at 2 days (20 +/- 6 mm2) and 21 days (22 +/- 6 mm2) compared with shams (7 +/- 4 mm2); however, the area enclosed by the epicardial circumference was similar at 2 days, 21 days and in shams (70 +/- 9, 72 +/- 9 and 73 +/- 10 mm2, respectively). The total LV tissue area was similar at 2 and 21 days, but was less than that in shams (p less than 0.01). Between 2 and 21 days, 3 measures of infarcted myocardium significantly decreased: its segments of endocardial and epicardial circumference, its circumference and its area.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6235737 TI - Decreased contractility after myocardial hypertrophy: cardiac failure or successful adaptation? PMID- 6235738 TI - Hemodynamic deterioration after coronary angioplasty in the presence of previous left ventricular infarction. PMID- 6235739 TI - Reversibility of coronary collaterals and alteration in regional coronary flow reserve after successful angioplasty. PMID- 6235741 TI - Lipomatous hypertrophy of the atrial septum: diagnosis by combined echocardiography and computerized tomography. PMID- 6235740 TI - Transluminal angioplasty of aortic coarctation with a two-balloon technique. PMID- 6235742 TI - The effects of insulin replacement and withdrawal on hepatic ultrastructure and biochemistry. AB - This study examines the early hepatic biochemical and ultrastructural responses to insulin replacement in streptozotocin-diabetic rats and insulin withdrawal from insulin-maintained diabetic rats. Insulin administration rapidly lowered plasma glucose and the elevated glucose-6-phosphatase (G-6-Pase) specific activity of the diabetic rats. However, hepatic glycogen did not increase until after 3 hr of insulin treatment. Hepatic ultrastructure responded to insulin replacement after the decline in glucose and G-6-Pase. This was seen in periportal hepatocytes as a reduction in the close association between smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) and glycogen particles in the diabetic animals. The treated rats showed hepatic SER restricted to the periphery of glycogen masses, as is characteristic of these cells from normal rats, in many cells by 6 hr and all cells by 18 hr. Insulin withdrawal from insulin-treated diabetic rats elicited nearly a total reversal of the above events. Plasma insulin declined to a value half that of the normal rats by 6 hr after withdrawal; concurrently, plasma glucose rose sharply to hyperglycemic values as hepatic glycogen content dropped. Following the rise in plasma glucose and fall in glycogen content, G-6 Pase specific activity increased and by 16 hr reached the high values characteristic of the diabetic animal. Hepatic ultrastructure was also changed as evidenced by an intrusion of elements of the SER into the dense glycogen masses; the result was dispersed glycogen closely associated with SER as seen in the diabetic animal. It is concluded that the hepatic response to insulin replacement in diabetic animals and diabetic onset in insulin-withdrawn animals is rapid and occurs through defined stages. PMID- 6235744 TI - Abnormalities of lymphocyte subsets are correlated with concentrate consumption in asymptomatic Italian hemophiliacs treated with concentrates made from American plasma. AB - Eighty-three symptom-free hemophiliacs were studied clinically, serologically and by in vitro tests for cellular immunity in a geographical area in which AIDS has not yet been encountered despite the exclusive use of concentrates manufactured from American sources of plasma. Some patients showed the following abnormalities: lymphopenia (4%), decreased T-helper/T-suppressor (Th/Ts) cell ratios (49%), or both abnormalities (2%). Low Th/Ts were mostly due to absolute or, less frequently, relative increases in Ts cells. The prevalence rates for these abnormalities were the same in patients treated with factor VIII or factor IX concentrates. There was an association between the higher Ts and lower Th cells counts and the low Th/Ts ratios and greater annual consumption of factor VIII and factor IX concentrates. These results support the view that protein load might be an important pathogenetic factor in lymphocyte abnormalities in symptom free hemophiliacs. PMID- 6235743 TI - Monoclonal antibodies to T-helper/inducer and T-suppressor/cytotoxic lymphocyte subsets recognize antigens on splenic sinusoidal lining cells. AB - Most of the monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) to T-lymphocyte subsets are, with few exceptions thought to recognize antigens (Ags) unique to T-cells. The authors examined the distribution of cells reacting with MoAbs to the helper/inducer (OKT4, anti-Leu-3a,b) and suppressor/cytotoxic (OKT8, anti-Leu-2a) T-lymphocyte subsets and to "pan T" Ags (anti-Leu-1, anti-Leu-4) in sections from frozen human spleen. In addition to recognizing lymphocytes in the T-zone (periarteriolar lymphoid sheaths), MoAbs to the helper/inducer and suppressor/cytotoxic T-cell subsets reacted distinctly with the red pulp sinusoidal lining cells. MoAbs to "pan T" Ags also reacted with T-zone lymphocytes but did not react with sinusoidal lining cells. MoAbs to the helper/inducer and suppressor/cytotoxic subsets of T-lymphocytes do not appear to identify Ags unique to these cells. PMID- 6235745 TI - Safety profile: fifteen years of clinical experience with ibuprofen. AB - Since its introduction in the United States in 1974, ibuprofen (Motrin, Upjohn) has been shown to be safe and effective for the treatment of pain, dysmenorrhea, inflammation, and fever. A careful review of pre-registration and postmarketing data from both patients and normal subjects clearly indicates ibuprofen's remarkable safety profile compared with that of aspirin and other commonly prescribed nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents. Continued safety can be anticipated on the basis of the past 15 years of review experience. PMID- 6235746 TI - Immunologic studies in two patients with persistent lymphocytic thyroiditis, thyrotoxicosis, and low radioactive iodine uptake. AB - Two patients with persistent lymphocytic thyroiditis and thyrotoxicosis were studied. Both patients presented with severe hyperthyroidism of nine months' duration and had nontender, small thyroid glands. Uptake of radioactive iodine (131I) was consistently low. Serum thyroxine and triiodothyronine levels remained elevated without remission until thyroidectomy. The serum thyroglobulin level was normal, but testing for microsomal antibody gave weakly positive results in one case. Thyroglobulin and thyroid stimulatory antibodies were not found. The ratio of helper to suppressor T cells was elevated in one case. Neither patient showed response to propranolol, prednisone, or iodine. Light microscopic and immunohistologic studies showed severe lymphocytic thyroiditis with formation of secondary lymphoid follicles. Lymphocytes were predominately T cells (OKT11 positive), primarily helper/inducer T cells (OKT4-positive). Hyperplastic nodules contained high immunoreactive thyroglobulin and thyroxine levels. Aberrant thymus was seen within the thyroid. These studies suggest the possibility of intrathyroidal stimulation and hydrolysis of thyroglobulin within thyroid cells and also support the hypothesis that T and B cell immunoregulatory defects are important in the pathogenesis of this disease. PMID- 6235747 TI - Five patients with iodine-induced hyperthyroidism. AB - Iodine-induced hyperthyroidism has been frequently described when iodine is introduced into an iodine-deficient area. However, it may also occur in patients with and without previous thyroid disease residing in iodine-sufficient areas. Five patients with iodine-induced hyperthyroidism seen in a 12-month period are described. All were exposed to iodine in the form of commonly used drugs (Betadine, Iodo-Niacin, amiodarone, and radiographic contrast dyes). The cause of iodine-induced hyperthyroidism is unclear, but it is probably more common in patients with goiters containing previously existing areas of autonomous function or iodine-poor thyroglobulin. Iodine-induced hyperthyroidism usually abates after iodine withdrawal in patients with multinodular goiters or normal thyroid glands. The hyperthyroidism is usually treated with beta-blockers and antithyroid thionamide drugs, although reinstitution of iodine to block thyroid hormone release or corticosteroids occasionally may be necessary. Iodine-containing drugs should be given with caution to patients with underlying thyroid disease. PMID- 6235748 TI - Developmental pathogenesis of chromosome disorders: report on two newly recognized signs of Down syndrome. AB - Testing the hypothesis of amplified developmental instability in autosomal trisomies as proposed by Shapiro we predicted and found an increased frequency of symphalangies in the toes of patients with Down syndrome. In our X-ray study of the feet of 71 adults with trisomy 21 we also detected a greater than normal number of sesamoid bones. A corollary to Shapiro's hypothesis is a dependence on ethnic origin of the frequency of symptoms in Down syndrome. Compared to data from Europe, toe symphalangies are more prevalent in Japan. We predict this anomaly to occur even more often in Japanese patients with trisomy 21. PMID- 6235749 TI - Transition from sensorimotor Stage 5 to Stage 6 by Down syndrome children: a response to Gibson. AB - Gibson (1978) has suggested that the transition from Sensorimotor Stage 5 to Stage 6 (i.e., the change from exclusive dependence on overt forms of representation and trial-and-error problem-solving to the beginning of internal representation and foresight in problem-solving) is particularly difficult for Down syndrome children. In order to test this "developmental wall" hypothesis, we compared longitudinally the performance of Down syndrome and nonretarded children on the Uzgiris and Hunt (1975) Object Permanence and Means-Ends Relations Scales. Results indicated that in contrast to Gibson's suggestion, the Down syndrome children progressed from Sensorimotor Stage 5 to Stage 6 at the same rate that nonretarded children did, once the generally slower developmental pace of the Down syndrome children was taken into account. PMID- 6235750 TI - Developmental coaching of the Down syndrome infant. AB - Proprioceptive input appropriate to the developmental level of the Down Syndrome infant, and kinesthetic and proprioceptive leading of the infant enhance joint stability and prompt the infant to participate in a fuller repertoire of exploratory movement at a relatively early developmental age. Comparison of performances of the Down Syndrome population at the Ray Graham-Fairwood School with that of other Down Syndrome infants in the literature suggested that our intervention program, developmental coaching, had made a difference. A retrospective study was undertaken to document the progress made. Of the 40 infants studied, 95 percent achieved certain hand skills criteria by 10 months of age; 92.5 percent achieved prewalking mobility by 10 months of age; and 40 percent achieved free walking by 18 months of age. PMID- 6235751 TI - Localization of collagen types IV and V, laminin, and heparan sulfate proteoglycan to the basal lamina of kidney epithelial cells in transfilter metanephric culture. AB - Mouse metanephric mesenchyme and embryonic spinal cord were cultured on opposite sides of a filter membrane. This resulted in formation of prenephronic vesicles after 36 hours in culture, S-shaped bodies after 2-3 days, and glomeruli and tubules after 4-7 days. The glomeruli consisted of an arborizing tuft of podocytes lying on a basement membrane without vascularization or a mesangial ingrowth. We have used antibodies to study the molecular composition of the nephron basement membrane at each stage of development. By immunofluorescence light microscopy, collagen Types IV and V, laminin, and heparin sulfate proteoglycan were expressed within the pericellular/intercellular matrix at the onset of morphologic differentiation. The molecules were organized into a linear basement membrane associated with epithelial cells during the prenephronic vesicle, S-shaped body, and glomerulus and tubule stages of development. PMID- 6235752 TI - Epidemiology of persecutory ideation in an elderly population in the community. AB - Of 997 elderly people living in the community, 40 (4%) were found to have generalized persecutory ideation. Sensory deficits and cognitive impairment were significant risk factors for the development of this symptom complex. Generalized persecutory ideation was also associated with impairments in physical health, social and economic resources, and activities of daily living. While more than 50% of the elderly individuals with this symptom complex perceived a need for psychiatric services, a much smaller percentage actually received help. PMID- 6235753 TI - Another alternative in leg revascularization. AB - Prosthetic grafts of various types have been the only alternative to revascularization of the leg when the saphenous vein is not used. Our complication rate with prosthetic grafts has led us to search for a different alternative. Long-segment endarterectomy of the iliac, femoral, and popliteal arteries has become a realistic procedure with the use of the Hall oscillating endarterectomy instrument. Although it may be difficult technically and more time consuming than a usual bypass graft procedure, the results have been good. Fifty eight procedures have been reported in 53 patients. Eighty-eight percent of the procedures were performed for limb salvage with a 5 percent operative mortality rate. There was an overall cumulative limb salvage rate of 88 percent. The cumulative patency rate with a follow-up of 5 to 24 months was 55 percent. Special emphasis has been placed on technical considerations and pitfalls of the procedure. The procedure is versatile and can be used in combination with a variety of both inflow and outflow procedures. PMID- 6235754 TI - Improved patient selection for enzymatic lysis of peripheral arterial and graft occlusions. AB - Intraarterial thrombolysis by remote intravenous or direct intraarterial infusion of streptokinase is possible. The latter may be more effective with a lesser potential for systemic hemorrhagic complications because of the smaller dose administered directly in the area. Fifty patients with prosthetic graft, embolic, and renal artery occlusions were evaluated. Embolic occlusion responded dramatically, particularly since lytic therapy was initiated at an early stage. Patients with severe ischemia or those with simple localized occlusion were best treated by surgical means. Successful thrombolysis was also obtained with renal artery occlusions combined with percutaneous transluminal angioplasty. The management of patients with prosthetic graft occlusion by lytic therapy is complex. Optimal results can be obtained in patients presenting with occluded grafts after the immediate postoperative period and in those in whom previous satisfactory runoff has been demonstrated. Failure of lysis in this group is associated with a high incidence of limb loss due to unreconstructable obliterative disease. Successful lysis of occluded prosthetic grafts will often require corrective angioplasty or surgical revision. PMID- 6235755 TI - [Laparoscopic studies of pathology of the fallopian tubes in infertility]. PMID- 6235756 TI - Some histochemical properties of the fiber types in the pectoralis muscle of an emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae). AB - The muscle fibers of the cranial slip of M. pectoralis pars thoracica of an emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae) were studied histochemically for intracellular lipid, succinic dehydrogenase, myofibrillar adenosine triphosphatase, and acetylcholinesterase. It was concluded that the muscle consisted of approximately 28% slow-tonic and 72% fast-twitch glycolytic fibers. The tonic fibers were considered to be characteristic of a postural muscle, and the fast-twitch glycolytic fibers to reflect the inability of the muscle to engage in sustained activity. The general absence of slow-tonic fibers from the pectoralis of other avian species so far studied may be attributed to inadequate sampling of the deeper regions of the muscle. PMID- 6235757 TI - Flowmeter malfunction: effect on delivered anesthetic concentration. PMID- 6235758 TI - The role of fibrinolysis in the therapy of peripheral vascular disease. AB - In vivo thrombolytic studies in stumptailed monkeys indicated that pentoxifylline potentiates thrombolysis induced by urokinase activated human plasmin. Pentoxifylline as well as prostaglandin E1 released plasminogen activators and activated the fibrinolysin system. From this point of view pentoxifylline and prostaglandin E1 synergized with each other. Pentoxifylline potentiated the thrombolytic effect of prostaglandin E1 in vivo. PMID- 6235759 TI - The regulatory effect of histamine on the immune response: III. Defect on in vitro IgE production in atopics. AB - Spontaneous in vitro production of IgE was found higher in a group of untreated grass sensitive atopic patients than in normal volunteers when assessed at the cellular level with a reverse hemolytic plaque assay. This study also confirmed the increase of IgE synthesis after pokeweed mitogen stimulation in non-atopic donors and its decrease in atopic patients. Moreover, in this work we looked for a potential defect in immunoregulatory functions in atopic patients toward the in vitro IgE production. Indeed, histamine is known to activate suppressor cells capable, in turn, of suppressing IgG and IgE production from normal cells. In atopic patients, histamine could activate cells capable of suppressing IgG production but not IgE. Furthermore, similar findings were found when Concanavalin A-induced suppressor cells were examined. These findings suggest (a) a defective regulatory function towards IgE in atopic patients and (b) that the same subpopulation of suppressor cells seems to be activated by histamine and ConA and defective in atopic patients. PMID- 6235761 TI - Ultrasound diagnosis of rectus sheath hematoma. AB - The authors present three patients with rectus sheath hematoma who were diagnosed with ultrasound and successfully operated upon. The importance of a correct preoperative diagnosis is stressed to avoid an unnecessary laparotomy. Ultrasound helps to localize the presence of an extra-abdominal mass located between the aponeurotic sheaths of the rectus muscle. Surgery is the best treatment since it is possible to evacuate the large hematoma, and at the same time it affords an opportunity to ligate the bleeding vessels, usually the epigastrics. No advantage is seen using conservative treatment, as several weeks may be necessary before complete resolution, while the patient is suffering considerable pain and discomfort. PMID- 6235760 TI - Intestinal evisceration resulting from a motor vehicle accident. AB - Presented is the case of a motor vehicle accident (MVA) victim with hypotension and evisceration of small intestine. Vigorous resuscitation in the emergency department was required, after which a portion of small bowel was resected at laparotomy. Evisceration secondary to trauma in an MVA is a rare injury. Significant blood loss occurs. Although abdominal sepsis did not occur in our case, this is a complication for which the patient must be monitored closely. PMID- 6235762 TI - Postexposure prophylaxis of hepatitis B. Recommendations of the Immunization Practices Advisory Committee. PMID- 6235763 TI - NIH Conference. Brain imaging: aging and dementia. AB - The brain imaging techniques of positron emission tomography using [18F]-fluoro-2 deoxy-D-glucose, and computed tomography, together with neuropsychological tests, were used to examine overall brain function and anatomy in three study populations: healthy men at different ages, patients with presumptive Alzheimer's disease, and adults with Down's syndrome. Brain glucose use did not differ with age, whereas an age-related decrement in gray matter volume was found on computed tomographic assessment in healthy subjects. Memory deficits were found to precede significant reductions in brain glucose utilization in mild to moderate Alzheimer's dementia. Furthermore, differences between language and visuoconstructive impairments in patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease were related to hemispheric asymmetry of brain metabolism. Brain glucose utilization was found to be significantly elevated in young adults with Down's syndrome, compared with controls. The importance of establishing strict criteria for selecting control subjects and patients is explained in relation to the findings. PMID- 6235765 TI - Re: Dinner et al: refinements in use of transverse abdominal island flap. PMID- 6235764 TI - [Result and treatment of tinnitus in our clinic]. AB - The authors propose a test consisting in performing injections of Renovaine, a very strong anaesthetic drug, in the external ear duct in order to reduce momentarily severe and decompensated tinnitus. They discuss the usefulness of this test and develop two concepts to explain its action. They make a pragmatic approach of the tinnitus etiopathogeny. PMID- 6235767 TI - Side incidence of inguinal hernias. AB - The reason for the right side predominance of inguinal hernias was studied. The case histories of 469 patients who had undergone inguinal hernia operations were analysed. 116 of the hernias were bilateral whereas 207 were right and 146 left sided, the difference being significant at the level p less than 0.05. More right than left hernias were found in every subgroup studied (children, women, men; direct, indirect, older people; with suspected increased intra-abdominal pressure). Neither of the two hypotheses envisaged for this side difference could be confirmed. These were a structural side difference in the inguinal canals, and a neuromusculature damaging abdominal incision. It is postulated that a physiological asymmetricity of the body musculature could be an explanation rather than any anatomical reason. PMID- 6235766 TI - [Effectiveness and tolerance of digitaloid treatment in cardiac insufficiency]. AB - Ever since digitaloids have been used in the treatment of cardiac failure, their effectiveness in cases with sinus rhythm has been controversial. Nevertheless, their inotropic effect at therapeutic concentrations has been well demonstrated in man. The haemodynamic benefit in cardiac failure is greater the more severe the condition. Recent studies have shown that the patients who respond best to digitaloid treatment are those with chronic severe heart failure with ventricular dilatation, reduction in the ejection fraction and a gallop on auscultation. In contrast, when digitaloid treatment is suspended in patients with functional class II or III ischaemic heart failure, there does not appear to be any aggravation provided diuretic and/or vasodilator treatment is continued. PMID- 6235768 TI - Size and shape of mandibular first molars in Down syndrome. AB - The size and shape characteristics of permanent mandibular first molars were compared in a group of young males with Down syndrome (DS) and a control group of normal males. Generalized size was quantified by the log transforms of five intercusp distances and shape by a principal component analysis of the log distances scaled to constant size. On average the DS molars were smaller than the controls by 8%, the most marked reduction being in the distance between the distal and distolingual cusps. The scores on two of the four components of shape also differed between the DS and control teeth. These two shape components, which accounted for over 41% of the total shape variation, were determined specially by the occlusal morphology of the distal crown region. Discriminant function analyses also indicated the importance of the distal regions in discriminating between control and DS molars. Evidence suggests that trisomy 21 is associated with a general retardation in growth. The observed features of DS molars were consistent with decreased cellular activity in the developing tooth germs, producing morphological changes that were more pronounced in the later-forming crown regions. PMID- 6235769 TI - Correlations of basal oestrogens with adrenal androgens and relative weight in normal women. AB - Serum levels of androstenedione, dehydroepiandrosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate, cortisol, oestrone, and oestradiol are studied in 24 normal young women, and variation in basal oestrogen levels is examined in relation to adrenal androgen levels and relative weight. Between subjects no positive correlation is found between adrenal androgen levels or relative weight and basal oestrogen. Within subjects changes in adrenal androgen levels are positively correlated with changes in basal oestrogens. The results suggest that the basal oestrogen setpoint within each individual is unaffected by weight differences in the normal range, while variation about the setpoint within individuals may accompany fluctuations in adrenal androgen levels. This conclusion is discussed in relation to previous suggestions that relative weight, through an effect on extragonadal oestrogen production, may have an influence on female fecundity. PMID- 6235770 TI - Hepatic impairment during simultaneous administration of medroxyprogesterone acetate and tamoxifen in the treatment of endometrial and ovarian carcinoma. AB - Simultaneous administration of medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) and tamoxifen markedly elevated the serum alanine and aspartate aminotransferase activities in 4 out of 30 patients with endometrial or ovarian carcinoma; and also slightly increased the activities of gamma-glutamyl transferase in 2 of the patients. These pathological changes spontaneously returned to normal in 1 patient, and after the cessation of tamoxifen or tamoxifen plus MPA treatment in 3 patients. This kind of hepatic impairment was thought to be caused by reversible damage of liver cells possibly associated with slight intrahepatic cholestasis. It is suggested that special attention be paid to liver function during simultaneous MPA and tamoxifen administration; in case of adverse liver reaction during the combined treatment, a formula of sequential administration of the drugs could be implemented. PMID- 6235771 TI - Clinical and genetic variations in the syndrome of adult GM2 gangliosidosis resulting from hexosaminidase A deficiency. AB - Six patients from three families developed adult GM2 gangliosidosis resulting from severe beta-hexosaminidase A deficiency. The clinical picture varied between and within families and included spinocerebellar, various motor neuron, and cerebellar connection syndromes. Psychosis appeared in each family. Involvement of three generations was recorded in one family. The phenotype of adult GM2 gangliosidosis is variable and cannot form a basis for genetic classification. Detailed hexosaminidase determinations in eight patients from five families revealed all patients to have minor quantities of hexosaminidase A (about 15% of normal), with marked increase in hexosaminidase I isozyme. PMID- 6235772 TI - Globus pallidus involvement in Huntington's disease. PMID- 6235773 TI - T-lymphocyte subpopulations in Spanish haemophiliacs treated with commercial clotting factor concentrates. PMID- 6235774 TI - Immunologic and immunogenetic findings in patients with epidemic Kaposi's sarcoma. PMID- 6235775 TI - Loose binding of testicular mitochondrial ATPase to the inner membrane. AB - Rat testis mitochondrial ATPase was not inhibited by oligomycin at pH 7.5. It was inhibited only at higher alkaline pH's, and showed a lower sensitivity both to oligomycin and N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide and a higher one to efrapeptin. In submitochondrial particles, testis ATPase was only slightly inhibited by oligomycin, ossamycin, and efrapeptin. The possibility of a loose binding of F1 to the membrane was supported by its recovery from the supernatant of the submitochondrial particles. Furthermore, by electron microscopy, after hypoosmotic shock and negative staining of the mitochondrial preparations, most of the inner mitochondrial membranes showed only a few "knobs" or none at all. The capacity of the testis mitochondrial preparation to produce ATP was tested and compared to that from liver. ATP synthetase/ATPase activity ratio was 30/1 in liver mitochondria, whereas in the testis it was 3/1. In spite of this large difference, at least part of the testis ATPase must be firmly bound to the membrane, since it is able to form ATP. The rest seems to be loosely bound and its functional significance is still unknown. PMID- 6235777 TI - Activation of phosphofructokinase from rat tissues by 6-phosphogluconate and fructose 2,6-bisphosphate. AB - 6-Phosphogluconate activates phosphofructokinase from liver, adipose tissue, kidney, and skeletal muscle by decreasing the apparent S0.5 for fructose 6 phosphate without affecting the maximum velocity. The response of phosphofructokinase to 6-phosphogluconate is hyperbolic, with apparent activation constants similar to concentrations of 6-phosphogluconate in tissues. Phosphofructokinase from these tissues is also activated by fructose 2,6 bisphosphate, but the apparent activation constants are much less than the concentrations of fructose 2,6-bisphosphate in tissues. Under most conditions, the effects of 6-phosphogluconate and fructose 2,6-bisphosphate are additive. However, with low concentrations of fructose 6-phosphate there is synergism between the effectors. Whereas fructose 2,6-bisphosphate overcomes the inhibition of phosphofructokinase by high concentrations of ATP, 6-phosphogluconate does not. Thus, the effectors probably act at different sites on the enzyme. The relative effect of 6-phosphogluconate is much greater on phosphofructokinase from the lipogenic tissues, adipose, and liver, than it is on the enzyme from kidney or skeletal muscle. Thus, the influence of 6-phosphogluconate on phosphofructokinase, which could coordinate the disposition of glucose 6 phosphate between the oxidative branch of the hexosemonophosphate pathway and glycolysis, may be important for lipogenesis. PMID- 6235776 TI - Hypothesis--a chemical mechanism for the biosynthesis of ATP involving ion exchange reactions. AB - Dissociation constants for Mg . ATP were determined by displacing ATP from Dowex 1 resin with magnesium. These constants were then used to analyze the kinetics of yeast mitochondrial ATPase, in terms of the concentrations of free magnesium and free ATP, at a series of pH values. Both Mg . ATP and hydroxide ions were found to compete with the binding of ATP to the enzyme. These results were interpreted, in terms of an ion-exchange model, to mean that the synthesis of ATP may require the utilization of both magnesium and hydroxide ions for the dissociation of ATP from the enzyme as Mg . ATP. The concentrations of Mg and hydroxide required to compete with ATP were both found to be about three orders of magnitude greater than those required to form products, indicating that magnesium and hydroxide ions can contribute about 8 kcal of energy when ATP is synthesized. PMID- 6235778 TI - Discrimination between the binding sites of modulators of the H+-translocating ATPase activity in rat liver mitochondrial membranes. AB - The properties of the components of the mitochondrial ATPase which interact with modulators of energy transduction have been examined. The chromatographic behavior and the size of the components which bind trialkyl tins, carbodiimides and uncouplers, have been shown to be different. However, they all appear to be proteolipids with apparent molecular weights around 10,000. On this basis it is proposed that these inhibitors act at different sites in the membrane sector of the ATP synthase of rat liver mitochondria. PMID- 6235780 TI - Woringer-Kolopp disease (pagetoid reticulosis). Four cases with histopathologic, ultrastructural, and immunohistologic observations. AB - Four patients had localized lesions of Woringer-Kolopp disease (pagetoid reticulosis). The clinical appearances and histopathologic features with light microscopy of the four cases were similar. However, electron microscopy in all four cases and enzyme histochemistry studies and immunophenotyping with monoclonal antibodies in three cases disclosed two subgroups of patients. The features of the predominant cells in the intraepidermal infiltrate of three cases were most consistent with those of helper T lymphocytes with cerebriform nuclei, as found in many cases of mycosis fungoides. In one case, however, the epidermis contained a predominant population of small, medium, and large lymphoid cells of cytotoxic/suppressor T-lymphocyte cell phenotype. It remains to be determined whether Woringer-Kolopp disease is a variant of mycosis fungoides (ie, within the spectrum of the cutaneous T-cell lymphomas), a benign reactive process, or a syndrome with various causes. PMID- 6235779 TI - Toxicodendron antigen patch test. Degrees of inflammation observed after various time intervals. AB - Allergic contact dermatitis was elicited with Toxicodendron antigen and the patch test site examined at various time intervals up to one week. The degree of inflammation was rather constant during the observation period. The mean erythema score at 168 hours was not significantly different from the score at 24 hours. These data support the use of a delayed (96-hour) patch test reading as a guide to discriminating between allergic and irritant patch test reactions. PMID- 6235781 TI - Nail involvement in histiocytosis X. A 12-year retrospective study. AB - A retrospective study of nail involvement was made in 15 cases of histiocytosis X (HX). These included seven cases of Letterer-Siwe (LS) disease, four cases of Hand-Schuller-Christian disease, and four cases of eosinophilic granuloma seen at Ramathibodi Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand, during the years 1970 to 1981. Nail involvement was found in three patients with LS disease, two of whom showed fingernail and toenail dystrophy with onycholysis and subungual hyperkeratosis. Paronychial erythema and swelling with small pustules underneath some nails were seen in both of the latter patients. The remaining patient showed subungual purpura of all fingernails and toenails with slight thickening of some fingernails. The nail changes in one patient responded well to cytotoxic therapy but recurred when the disease progressed. Nail involvement seems to be one of the unfavorable prognostic signs in HX. PMID- 6235782 TI - Fixed drug eruption due to methaqualone. AB - We report three cases of fixed drug eruption due to methaqualone. Eruptions from methaqualone have been rarely reported since the drug's introduction in 1963. Our discovery of these three cases during a two-year period suggests that dermatologic reactions from methaqualone may be much more common than has been appreciated. This may be related to the reluctance of the patient to admit to the use or abuse of methaqualone, and physicians' lack of recognition of the widespread abuse of this drug and its possible cutaneous complications. PMID- 6235783 TI - The skin and occupational diseases. AB - The skin is a major potential route for the absorption of hazardous materials encountered in the workplace. Percutaneous absorption is influenced by a large number of factors. In some situations, it may be the major route of absorption. Methods are available to determine this in industrial situations. Occupational dermatoses are the most frequent of all occupational diseases. Sources of information about these diseases are reviewed and limitations discussed. There is a particular need for analytic epidemiologic studies. In the case of occupational skin disease, such studies particularly need a sound design, appropriate comparison groups, the systematic collection of cutaneous observations, and attention to potential confounding factors. PMID- 6235784 TI - Occupational skin disease: basic research advances. PMID- 6235785 TI - Phase II clinical trial of continuous FUDR regional chemotherapy for colorectal metastases to the liver. PMID- 6235786 TI - Coronary vasodilator reserve in young dogs with moderate right ventricular hypertrophy. AB - The effects of experimental right ventricular (RV) pressure overload and RV hypertrophy on coronary vasodilator reserve in young animals is not well established. Therefore, we measured coronary vasodilator reserve in the right ventricle of dogs from 7 to 12 months old with moderate RV hypertrophy due to pulmonary artery banding performed 3 to 7 days after birth. In the 5 dogs with pulmonary artery banding, substantial RV hypertension developed (RV pressure at rest, 73 +/- 11 mm Hg) as did RV hypertrophy (ratio of RV free wall/left ventricular free wall weight, 1.86 +/- 0.41 gm/kg). The reactive hyperemic response following brief coronary occlusions was used as an index of coronary vasodilator reserve. The ratios of peak reactive hyperemic response to resting flow, however, were not significantly different in the 5 banded dogs compared with 7 control animals (3.6 +/- 1.0 versus 2.6 +/- 0.6); this implies that the extent of vasodilator reserve was similar with or without moderate RV hypertrophy. In addition, myocardial blood flow, as determined using radioactive microspheres, was not significantly different at rest: 0.57 +/- 0.09 ml/min per gram in the banded dogs versus 0.48 +/- 0.12 ml/min per gram in the controls. Uniform transmural distribution of blood flow was maintained during infusion of isoproterenol, which was used to increase myocardial oxygen requirements in both groups. Minimum coronary vascular resistance was significantly lower in the banded than the control dogs (1.5 +/- 0.6 versus 6.2 +/- 2.3; p less than 0.01). This difference suggests that the cross-sectional area of the right coronary vascular bed increased with the development of RV hypertrophy. PMID- 6235787 TI - [Cardiovascular changes in acromegaly. Prospective study]. AB - We present 38 acromegalyc patients who were studied by non invasive methods to assess the frequency of cardiovascular complications. Seventy one percent of the cases presented some type of cardiovascular alteration. In 68% we observed left ventricular hypertrophy by echocardiography which was the most sensitive method to detect it. In 71% we obtained abnormal electrocardiograms, mainly because of conduction disturbances, being right bundle branch block the most frequent. Half of the cases had pulmonary fibrosis and chronic bronchitis. Arterial hypertension was present in 32%. Diabetes mellitus in 21%. Only 2 cases had coronary heart disease. In 37% of the patients who underwent hypophisectomy we observed regression up to 90% of the cardiac complications except for left ventricular hypertrophy and pulmonary fibrosis. None of the patients has died. PMID- 6235788 TI - Effect of hypoxia and pharmacological treatment on some enzyme activities in dog brain areas. AB - The effects of nicergoline on changes in enzymatic activities induced by hypoxia and post-hypoxic recovery were studied in various brain areas of young-adult and mature Beagle dogs. In different fractions (homogenate in toto, purified mitochondria, crude synaptosomes, SM1 and SM2 synaptic mitochondria) the maximal rate (Vmax) was investigated of the more representative enzymatic activities of: a) glycolysis, b) Krebs' cycle, c) electron transfer chain, d) amino acid and acetylcholine metabolism, e) lysosomal function. The physiopathological conditions caused alterations in different enzymatic activities depending on the area and subfraction investigated. Nicergoline tended to antagonize some of these alterations. Its action was mainly on non-synaptic mitochondria by a "braking" effect on some key enzyme activities of mitochondrial metabolism (i.e. citrate synthase, cytochrome oxidase and glutamate dehydrogenase) which suggests a sparing action in the brain. PMID- 6235789 TI - Effects of a single administration of 6-aminonicotinamide on hepatic microsomal drug metabolism in rats. AB - Pretreatment of rats with 6-aminonicotinamide (6-AN) induced a significant increase in aminopyrine (AM) N-demethylation and hexobarbital (HX) hydroxylation in rats. In this study, the concentrations of AM, 4-monomethylaminoantipyrine (MAA), aminoantipyrine (AA) and further metabolites were measured by using the GC/MS method. The increase in AM N-demethylation induced by 6-AN treatment was confirmed by measuring the area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) for AM, MAA and AA in rats after AM administration. Of the first two steps of AM metabolism mediated by cytochrome P-450-coupled monooxygenase, the second step (from MAA to MA) was found to be more affected by 6-AN than the first one (from AM to MAA). PMID- 6235791 TI - Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. PMID- 6235790 TI - The effect of single-dose methyldopa and diuretic on BP and left ventricular mass. AB - The effect of a single daily dose of 500 mg of methyldopa with 50 mg of hydrochlorothiazide and 5 mg of amiloride hydrochloride was studied in 21 patients with mild to moderate hypertension. It was shown that the average morning BP changed from 182/103 +/- 15/9 mm Hg to 145/83 +/- 16/8 mm Hg following one day of treatment. Similarly, the average of seven hourly measurements (7BP) dropped from 170/99 +/- 11/7 mm Hg to 145/86 +/- 11/8 mm Hg. In 12 patients, the same therapy lowered the morning BP from 186/104 +/- 16/9 mm Hg to 144/83 +/- 15/8 mm Hg and the 7BP from 168/98 +/- 10/6 mm Hg to 142/83 +/- 12/7 mm Hg following three weeks. After eight weeks, normal values were still maintained. Left ventricular mass was elevated in all the patients (330 +/- 67) and dropped by an average of 12% and 17% by three and eight weeks after initiation of therapy. Unchanged left ventricular end diastolic volume and decreased muscle thickness indicate true reduction in hypertrophy in addition to the BP-lowering effect of this combined single-dose therapy described. PMID- 6235792 TI - [50th anniversary of the Department of Human Anatomy of the Izhevsk Medical School]. PMID- 6235794 TI - [Where death helps life]. PMID- 6235793 TI - Infectious disease: new organisms, new diseases and expanding new antimicrobial agents. PMID- 6235796 TI - [Muscular biopsy in myasthenia gravis: histochemical and morphometric study of 4 cases]. AB - Myasthenia gravis is a neuromuscular disease characterized by excessive fatigability of muscle function and particularly involves muscles innervated by the cranial nerves. It is believed that the defect is in the neuromuscular junction. The authors studied histochemical and morphometric findings in 4 patients with myasthenia gravis showing that the type II fibres were significantly smaller than the type I fibres. PMID- 6235795 TI - [Activity of some enzymes of the cardiac muscle of the albino rat during acute stress. Histochemical study]. PMID- 6235797 TI - Subcortical dementia. Review of an emerging concept. AB - Subcortical dementia is a clinical syndrome characterized by slowness of mental processing, forgetfulness, impaired cognition, apathy, and depression. First recognized in progressive supranuclear palsy and Huntington's disease, the concept has been extended to account for the intellectual impairment of Parkinson's disease, Wilson's disease, spinocerebellar degenerations, idiopathic basal ganglia calcification, the lacunar state, and the dementia syndrome of depression. Disorders manifesting subcortical dementia have pathologic changes that involve primarily the thalamus, basal ganglia, and related brain-stem nuclei with relative sparing of the cerebral cortex. Recent studies of neuropsychologic deficits following focal subcortical lesions also support a role for these structures in arousal, attention, mood, motivation, language, memory, abstraction, and visuospatial skills. The clinical characteristics of subcortical dementia differ from those of dementia of Alzheimer's type where prominent cerebral cortical involvement produces aphasia, amnesia, agnosia, and apraxia. PMID- 6235798 TI - Acquired immune deficiency syndrome. PMID- 6235799 TI - The assessment of response to therapy of bone metastases in breast cancer. AB - Serial bone scans, x-rays and records of bone pain were reviewed in order to determine the relative contributions of these parameters in the assessment of response of bone metastases to treatment. Twenty-seven patients with abnormal bone scans due to metastatic breast cancer were studied. Ten of the patients showed an early temporary flare on bone scan including five with apparent new lesions. Confirmation that such new lesions did not denote progressive disease was provided by subsequent improvement in symptoms and reduction in intensity and number of lesions on a follow-up bone scan, without any change in systemic therapy. Serial x-rays were found to be unreliable as a sole method for assessing response to therapy or disease progression, as in only seven of the 27 patients could a definitive radiological assessment of response be made. In only one patient did x-rays improve the accuracy of the scan by distinguishing between a healing flare and progressive disease. In contrast, this distinction was made in seven of the 10 patients on the basis of improvement in bone pain at the time of the flare. The other 3 patients had no bone pain prior to therapy or at the time of the flare. Tentative response criteria incorporating bone scan, x-ray and symptoms are suggested. The criteria incorporate recognition of the fact that new lesions appearing on a bone scan within six months of initiation of therapy may comprise part of a healing flare response. PMID- 6235801 TI - Contact dermatitis to lilly pilly (Eugenia Smithi): report of a case. PMID- 6235800 TI - T cells, T cell subsets and immunoregulation. PMID- 6235802 TI - Chronic head, neck & facial pain. A multidisciplinary health care problem. PMID- 6235803 TI - TMJ--the master joint. PMID- 6235804 TI - Effects of Neurospora nuclease halo (nuh) mutants on secretion of two phosphate repressible alkaline deoxyribonucleases. AB - Various recently isolated nuh mutants of Neurospora crassa (i.e., mutants which show reduced nuclease haloes on DNA-sorbose plates flooded with HCl) were mapped in several new genes or gene clusters and checked for effects on DNA repair and nuclease secretion. Some of them were found to be sensitive to MMS (methylmethane sulfonate) and sterile in meiosis. Release of nuclease activities into filtrates of liquid cultures was analyzed by DEAE-Sepharose chromatography. In the wild type, three alkaline deoxyribonuclease activities (A, B, and C) can be separated after growth in sorbose minimal media [Fraser, M. J. (1979). Nucleic Acids Res. 6: 231]. When strains were grown in phosphate-free DNA sucrose media, high (200 fold derepressed) DNase levels were found, and crude dialyzed filtrates could be chromatographed. Only two peaks were found, namely, those of DNase A, a Ca2+ dependent strand-nonspecific endonuclease, and DNase B, a ss-DNA-specific Mg2+ dependent exonuclease. Of the nuh mutants analyzed by one or both of these methods, many resembled the wild type. A few showed poor derepression, since their sorbose filtrates were normal, while profiles from DNA media lacked all peaks. These grew variably in liquid media with organic phosphates and probably produced suppressors, as was regularly found for nuc-2. Other mutants, which lacked specific peaks, gave the same results with both methods. One of these, nuh 7, produced no peaks at all but secreted unusually high amounts of protein. PMID- 6235805 TI - Expression of myosin isoenzymes in cardiac-muscle cells in culture. AB - Myosin isoenzyme profiles of rat and chicken embryonic cardiac myocytes were studied during differentiation and growth in vitro by native-gel electrophoresis and assay of Ca2+-activated ATPase. The electrophoretic pattern of myosin extracted from 18-day-embryonic-rat myocytes after 7 days in culture exhibits three isoenzyme bands, V1, V2 and V3, of which the slow-migrating V3 is predominant. This resembles the isoenzyme profiles from 18-20-day-embryonic ventricles in vivo. However, the isoenzyme profile of the 7-day-old culture differs from that of its counterpart in vivo, as well as from that of the young and adult rat ventricles, the last two containing the predominant fast-migrating component, V1. When embryonic cardiac myocytes were grown in vitro for 7 days in a medium containing a physiological concentration of L-thyroxine (T4), myosin isoenzyme profiles of these cells shifted to the adult form, with isoenzyme V1 predominating after day 4 of culture. The 7-day-old intact embryonic-chicken ventricles and isolated myocytes showed a single myosin isoenzyme band after 7 days of culture that resembles the pattern seen for the adult chicken. T4 had no effect on the electrophoretic mobility of this isoenzyme pattern. ATPase activity of isoenzyme V1 in cultured rat myocytes treated with T4 was comparable with that of V1 in the untreated adult heart. This study demonstrates that ATPase activity of the chicken myosin isoenzyme is significantly lower than that of isoenzyme V1, but is comparable with that of rat V3. This study shows that the expression of myosin isoenzyme profiles in cultured rat cardiac myocytes does not fully represent the situation in vivo. Physiological concentrations of T4 can modulate the predominant foetal-type isoenzyme V3 to the adult type V1 in cultured embryonic-rat cardiac myocytes within a brief period. PMID- 6235806 TI - The irreversible inhibition of urokinase, kidney-cell plasminogen activator, plasmin and beta-trypsin by 1-(N-6-amino-n-hexyl)carbamoylimidazole. AB - 1-(N-Amino-n-hexyl)carbamoylimidazole hydrochloride was synthesized and shown to be a potent irreversible inhibitor of human urokinase (EC 3.4.21.31), pig kidney cell plasminogen activator (EC 3.4.21.-), human plasmin (EC 3.4.21.7) and bovine pancreatic beta-trypsin (EC 3.4.21.4). The kinetics of inhibition of the enzymes were determined by monitoring the hydrolysis of an appropriate fluorogenic substrate. Bovine thrombin and Factor Xa are hardly affected by the inhibitor. PMID- 6235807 TI - An additional acidic residue in the membrane portion of the b-subunit of the energy-transducing adenosine triphosphatase of Escherichia coli affects both assembly and function. AB - Glycine at position 9 is replaced by aspartic acid in the mutant b-subunit of Escherichia coli F1F0-ATPase coded for by the uncF476 allele. The mutant b subunit is not assembled into the membrane in haploid strains carrying the uncF476 allele, but, if the mutant allele is incorporated into a multicopy plasmid, then some assembly of the mutant b-subunit occurs. Two revertant strains were characterized, one of which (AN2030) was a full revertant, the other (AN1953) a partial revertant. DNA sequencing indicated that in strain AN2030 the uncF476 mutation had reverted to give the sequence found in the normal uncF gene. The partial-revertant strain AN1953, however, retained the DNA sequence of the uncF476 allele, and complementation analysis indicated that the second mutation may be in the uncA gene. Membranes prepared from the partial-revertant strain carried out oxidative phosphorylation, although the membranes appeared to be impermeable to protons, and the ATPase activity was sensitive to the inhibitor dicyclohexylcarbodi-imide. PMID- 6235808 TI - Isolation of two molecular populations of human complement factor H by hydrophobic affinity chromatography. AB - Human complement factor H was prepared in highly purified form from fresh serum by euglobulin precipitation, DEAE-Sephacel chromatography and Sephacryl S-300 gel filtration. This preparation allowed the recovery of 37% of the initial factor H. Sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis revealed that factor H was homogeneous both in reduced and non-reduced media and exhibited a molecular mass of 150 kDa. Charge-shift experiments clearly showed the presence of hydrophobic sites in the factor H molecule. Charge shifts were observed with two detergent systems (Triton/sodium deoxycholate and Triton/cetyltrimethylammonium bromide). Factor H was able to bind to phenyl-Sepharose. This property allowed us to study two populations of factor H. These two populations exhibited the same physicochemical parameters, but revealed differences in their ability to aggregate in low- and iso-ionic-strength media. The molecular basis and biological significance of this heterogeneity are discussed. PMID- 6235809 TI - Strain differences among inbred mice in protein kinase C activity. AB - A protein kinase was identified in mouse organs whose activity is strictly dependent on the presence of Ca++ and phosphatidylserine when assayed at pH 6, and thus has the characteristics of protein kinase C. The relative order of specific activities was brain greater than spleen greater than lung greater than heart, an order similar to that found previously for rat organs. Mice from seven strains had the same level of protein kinase C activity, but strain A/J had half as much activity in each organ as did the other strains. F1 hybrid mice resulting from a cross between A/J and BALB/cByJ mice had levels of activity intermediate to the parental strains, indicating additive inheritance of this genetic difference. PMID- 6235810 TI - Direct radioimmunoassay of atrial natriuretic factor. AB - A direct radioimmunoassay of atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) has been developed. The method uses a synthetic 26 amino-acid fragment (8-33 ANF) of the native peptide. Antibodies have been prepared in rabbits immunized with the peptide coupled to thyroglobulin. The radiolabelled tracer prepared by iodination according to the Chloramine-T method has been purified by HPLC followed by affinity chromatography on Sepharose-4B anti-ANF. Dextran-coated charcoal has been used for separation of free from antibody bound radioactivity. Higher ANF content has been found in the right rat atrium than in the left. These results have been confirmed by bioassay. PMID- 6235811 TI - Neocarzinostatin abstracts a hydrogen during formation of nucleotide 5'-aldehyde on DNA. AB - The oxidative reaction of polydeoxyadenylic-deoxythymidylic acid [poly(dA-dT)] with neocarzinostatin that produces 5'-thymidine aldehyde esterified to the 5' end of strand breaks proceeds with hydrogen abstraction. The abstracted hydrogen is covalently bound to the non-protein component of neocarzinostatin; only a small amount (5%) is washed out into solvent. These data rule out a peroxyl radical as the primary DNA damaging species involved in the production of the 5' aldehyde group. In contrast to earlier reports, it is demonstrated that alpha tocopherol is not an inhibitor of the reaction. PMID- 6235812 TI - The stereospecific activation of protein kinase C. AB - Protein kinase C is synergistically activated by the presence of calcium, certain phospholipids and a diacylglycerol. The physiological activation of the enzyme appears to be determined by the availability of the diacylglycerol which is itself a product of (poly) phosphoinositol turnover. It is shown here that the diacylglycerol activation effect is stereospecific, with only the 1,2-sn diglycerides being active. This demonstrates for the first time a stereospecific effector role for a membrane-bound lipid. Furthermore, this work strengthens the link forged between the highly potent and specific tumor promoters (such as the phorbol esters) and the diglycerides as activators of protein kinase C. PMID- 6235813 TI - Characterization of spironolactone binding sites distinct from aldosterone receptors in rat kidney homogenates. AB - The binding of [3H]spironolactone to kidney homogenates from adrenalectomized rats was studied by dextran-charcoal absorption methods. [3H]Spironolactone binds with high affinity and low capacity (KD = 12.9 +/- 0.6 nM; Bmax = 93.4 +/- 3.8 fmoles/mg protein) at low temperatures (0 degrees-2 degrees). Its hormone specificity, as measured by relative binding affinity (RBA) is spironolactone greater than prorenone greater than methyltrienolone greater than testosterone greater than progesterone greater than aldosterone greater than dexamethasone. In the same tissue preparation, specific spironolactone binding sites and classical mineralocorticoid receptor sites labelled with [3H]aldosterone differ in their thermal stability, binding parameters and hormone specificities, whereas their tissue distributions are similar. In conclusion, [3H]spironolactone binds specifically to kidney homogenates from adrenalectomized rats and these binding sites, apparently, are different from the classical mineralocorticoid receptors. The theoretical and practical aspects of this finding are discussed. PMID- 6235814 TI - Uracil enhancement of 5-fluorodexoyuridine incorporation into human breast carcinoma deoxyribonucleic acid. PMID- 6235815 TI - Arthropathy of Down's syndrome. AB - Down's syndrome (trisomy 21) is associated with a variety of skeletal abnormalities and an increased incidence of joint hypermobility. Children with Down's syndrome are known to have a number of immunologic abnormalities and an increased incidence of autoimmune phenomena. We report 7 patients with Down's syndrome and arthritis. Four children had polyarticular disease and 3 had pauciarticular disease at onset. Only 1 child had significant cardiac disease. HLA typing in 5 children did not show specific correlations. Mean duration of followup was 3 years and 7 months. All children responded to nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs, but only 1 child is in clinical remission. Two children have died: 1 secondary to cervical spine instability and the other secondary to cardiac compromise. Arthropathy associated with Down's syndrome should be an additional exclusion for the diagnosis of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. Further investigation of this association may give clues to the relationship between genetic and immunologic factors in the pathogenesis of joint inflammation. PMID- 6235816 TI - [Pediatric electrocardiography]. PMID- 6235817 TI - [Specifications and tests for the acceptance of nuclear medicine equipment]. PMID- 6235818 TI - [Toxoplasmosis in patients in 14 Venezuelan states]. PMID- 6235819 TI - [Epidemiology of cerebrovascular accidents in the city of Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. II. Principal risk factors]. PMID- 6235820 TI - [Sudden death. Prospective study in Medellin, Colombia, 1982]. PMID- 6235821 TI - Brain monoaminergic control of male reproductive behavior. I. Serotonin and the post-ejaculatory refractory period. AB - The present experiment was performed to examine the role of serotonergic mechanisms in the control of copulation and the post-ejaculatory refractory period in the male rat. Disruption of central serotonergic systems in two separate groups of animals was achieved by: (1) selective electrolytic lesions of the midbrain raphe nuclei, or (2) localized intraventricular or intracerebral injection of a specific serotonergic neurotoxin, 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine (5,7 DHT). A third group of animals was tested for sexual behavior following intraperitoneal injection of p-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA), an inhibitor of serotonin synthesis. Both electrolytic and neurochemical lesions localized in the dorsal raphe nucleus produced a highly significant shortening of the ejaculatory latency, and the post-ejaculatory refractory period. Disruption of serotonergic mechanisms following intraventricular injection of 5,7-DHT or systemic administration of PCPA also caused a significant reduction in the length of the refractory period. These results support the hypothesis that central serotonergic systems are normally inhibitory to certain facets of male copulatory behavior and suggest the existence of a serotonergic control system which normally exerts an inhibitory influence over the resumption of mating following ejaculation. PMID- 6235822 TI - T lymphocyte redistribution between peripheral blood and cerebrospinal fluid in active multiple sclerosis. AB - A numerical reduction of total T cells has been evidenced in peripheral blood of patients with active multiple sclerosis. A contemporary raise in T helper/inducer cells was demonstrated in patients' cerebrospinal fluid. A significant reduction in T suppressor/cytotoxic cells could be detected only in patients' cerebrospinal fluid, while this subpopulation resulted to be less affected in patients' circulation. These data differed significantly from controls' values. We conclude that a redistribution of some T cell subpopulation between peripheral blood and central nervous system could account for the immunological derangements observed in active multiple sclerosis. PMID- 6235823 TI - [Separation of N-acetyl-beta-hexosaminidase isoenzymes. Methological note]. AB - We examined the activity of total N-acetyl-beta-hexosaminidase and of its isoenzyme forms, that represent different stages of the maturation of the lysosomal hydrolase. In both methods the enzyme catalyzes the separation of 4 methylumbelliferone, a fluorescent substance, from 4-methylumelliferyl-2 acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranoside. We used Leaback's method for the fluorimetric assay of total enzyme, and Ellis's DEAE-cellulose microcolum chromatography for the assay of its components. We obtained a clear separation of each fraction. We will apply these methods in our further studies of children with renal damage, because hexosaminidase seems to be one of the most sensitive markers of tubular damage. PMID- 6235824 TI - [Sleep in chronic chorea patients after therapy with sodium valproate]. AB - In previous researches spontaneous nocturnal sleep in chronic chorea showed short total sleep time, prolonged sleep latency, several awakenings, reduction of REM sleep time, decrease in slow waves sleep, strong increase in sleep spindles. Some of these alterations improved after therapy with lithium, haloperidol and lithium, pimozide. Since the concentration of GABA has been found to be reduced in patients with Huntington's chorea, we studied the effect of sodium valproate, a drug that enhances GABA inhibition in cerebral cortex, on nocturnal sleep of six patients with chronic chorea, aged 35 to 60 years (mean 47,3). Nocturnal polygraphic records (EEG, EOG, EMG of chin muscles) were carried out after two consecutive adjustative nights, both before therapy and after sixty days of treatment with sodium valproate (800-2000 mg four times a day, orally). Moreover, chorea, finger dexterity and gait were each rated once a week by three members of the research team and by one independent observer, using a five points rating scale from 0 (normal) to 4 (very severely abnormal). Before therapy the sleep parameters were in accordance with our previous results in chronic choreic patients. After two months therapy we observed a statistically significant (P less than 0.05) reduction of awakenings and of wake time. Sodium valproate produced no objective change in any of the parameters of motor function studied. If singularly examined, however, a reduction of chorea was obtained only in a patient, whose favourable response to therapy was also demonstrated by the normalization of other sleep parameters. These data stress the importance of sleep study in extrapyramidal disorders and suggest a different involvement of GABA-mediated transmission in various patients with chronic chorea. PMID- 6235825 TI - [Effects of long-term treatment with various antihypertensive drugs on the cardiac mass and on the hemodynamics of patients with essential arterial hypertension]. PMID- 6235826 TI - Adverse effects of excessive consumption of amino acids. PMID- 6235827 TI - The nutritional biochemistry of selenium. PMID- 6235828 TI - Newer laboratory methods for assessing nutriture of selected B-complex vitamins. AB - This review is limited to progress in the development of new or improved laboratory procedures to assess the nutriture of thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin B6, and folic acid. There has been marked progress in this area for the other vitamins as well. The increased availability of radioassay techniques and HPLC methodologies that have application in nutrition assessment is significant. However, for a number of the vitamins, there is still a need for additional methods that provide functionally interpretable preclinical information and give accurate assessment of body reserves of the nutrient. Often the guides used to interpret the information obtained are tentative and require validation or revision. This situation is further complicated by the frequent lack of suitable reference standards for quality controls and interlaboratory validation. PMID- 6235829 TI - DDAVP and tranexamic acid for dental extractions in a mild haemophiliac. PMID- 6235830 TI - Relation of midwall circumferential systolic stress to equatorial midwall fibre shortening in chronic aortic regurgitation. Value as a predictor of postoperative outcome. AB - Nineteen patients with chronic aortic regurgitation and a large increase in heart size were studied before aortic valve replacement. By relating midwall circumferential systolic stress to midwall circumferential fibre shortening (Cs/Cd) before operation the patients could be divided into two well defined groups. Twelve patients (group 1) had a pronounced decrease in heart size as measured by the cardiothoracic ratio and an excellent clinical outcome six months after operation. Seven patients (group 2) had no significant decrease in heart size and a less good clinical outcome. The ratio of midwall circumferential systolic stress to end systolic volume index was significantly higher in group 1 than in group 2. Group 2 had more severe left ventricular hypertrophy determined by the ratio of the wall thickness to the minor internal radius of the left ventricle (h:r ratio), total left ventricular mass, and left ventricular mass to end diastolic volume ratio. There were no significant differences in any other haemodynamic or angiographic indices between the two groups. Thus the relation of midwall circumferential systolic stress to fibre shortening is useful in determining the prognosis in individual patients with chronic aortic regurgitation undergoing aortic valve replacement. PMID- 6235831 TI - An evaluation of high-dose medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) therapy in women with advanced breast cancer. AB - The efficacy of high-dose intramuscular MPA therapy in controlling progressive measurable metastatic breast carcinoma was assessed in 32 women. In addition serial measurements of MPA blood levels were carried out in 20 of the patients and subjective effects of treatment were monitored in detail in 18 of the women. Overall 6 patients (19%) gained an objective response and a further 7 (22%) experienced disease stasis from 4-17 months whilst on treatment. Significant differences in serum MPA levels were seen between responders and non-responders, objective tumour shrinkage only being seen in those patients who rapidly attained, and sustained, blood levels in excess of 100 ng ml-1. Subjective assessment showed no evidence of a euphoriant effect of MPA therapy in the non responders group. PMID- 6235832 TI - Differential cyclophosphamide sensitivity of T lymphocytes of the dengue virus induced suppressor pathway. AB - Dengue type 2 virus (DV) induces a suppressor pathway in mice which involves sequential participation of three subpopulations of T lymphocytes viz. Ts1, Ts2 and T3 cells. In the present study cyclophosphamide (CY) sensitivity of these cells have been investigated. The findings of the present study demonstrate that Ts1 and Ts2 cells are CY-insensitive while T3 cells are CY-sensitive. This supports our earlier conclusion that T3 may be the inducer cells of suppression. PMID- 6235833 TI - Immunity in herpes gestationis: inhibition of mixed lymphocyte culture by patients' sera. AB - The families of four patients with herpes gestationis (HG) (pemphigoid gestationis) and five patients with polymorphic eruption of pregnancy (PEP) were HLA typed. Anti-HLA-D antibodies in the maternal sera were sought using mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC) inhibition test. Two of the four patients with HG had Dw3, one of which was combined with Dw4. One of the fathers had Dw2. The sera of the four patients with HG strongly inhibited (48-100%) the MLC reaction of maternal cells against cells of the father or the child. This kind of inhibition could not be shown in the patients with PEP. We conclude that patients with HG often seem to have MLC inhibiting factors which obviously are antibodies directed against HLA-D region determinants. Their pathogenic role is still obscure. PMID- 6235835 TI - The aetiology of dandruff and the mode of action of therapeutic agents. PMID- 6235834 TI - Oral spironolactone improves acne vulgaris and reduces sebum excretion. AB - In a consecutive series of thirty-six male and female patients referred with severe acne, the effect of 3 months' treatment with placebo or spironolactone (50 200 mg daily) on sebum excretion and clinical and endocrine status was evaluated double-blind. Twenty-six patients completed the study. Abnormal free androgen indices were found in 27% of the original nineteen female subjects. Spironolactone reduced sebum excretion in all female subjects, but there was no correlation between sebum response and androgen status. The clinical response was dose-dependent, with maximum subjective and objective benefit when spironolactone doses of 150-200 mg were used. PMID- 6235836 TI - Analysis of lymphocyte subsets in patients with aplastic anaemia. AB - Lymphocyte subsets have been measured in the blood of 28 patients with aplastic anaemia. The mean helper/inducer:suppressor/cytotoxic T lymphocyte ratio (1.24 +/ 0.74) was significantly decreased in the total population in comparison to mean ratios in a normal population (1.78 +/- 0.57) and in patients with other haematological diseases (1.82 +/- 0.92). A reversed ratio (less than or equal to 1) was present in a large proportion (53%) of aplastic patients, due both to an absolute deficiency of helper/inducer lymphocytes and an increase in suppressor/cytotoxic lymphocytes. Increased HLA-DR expression, evidence of lymphocyte activation, was present in seven of 12 patients evaluated and was confined to the suppressor/cytotoxic lymphocyte population. In the bone marrow, the percentage of lymphocytes was increased two-fold compared to normal bone marrow but the ratio of T cell subsets was not abnormal. Two of four patients evaluated after haematopoietic recovery following ATG treatment showed a return to normal of the T4/T8 ratio; in two others a low T4/T8 ratio persisted despite recovery. These results indicate that lymphocyte subset imbalance and lymphocyte activation are present in many patients with aplastic anaemia, either as a contributing factor or as a result of bone marrow failure. PMID- 6235837 TI - Umbilical artery concentrations of androstenedione increased in early labour in the leading twin fetus. AB - Umbilical artery concentrations of androstenedione, progesterone, pregnenolone, pregnenolone sulphate and dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate were measured at birth in twin pairs, born by caesarean section. In the group born before the onset of labour, there were no significant differences in concentration of any of the steroids between the leading twin (twin I) and the second twin (twin II). In the group born during the latent phase of labour, levels of umbilical artery progesterone were significantly less in twin I (mean 501, SE 112 nmol/l) than in twin II (mean 887, SE 131) (P less than 0.05), while concentrations of androstenedione were increased in twin I [9.9 (SE 1.7) vs 4.7 (SE 0.7) nmol/l, P less than 0.01]. In patients delivered during active labour, androstenedione levels were consistently increased in twin I compared with twin II [11.7 (SE3.4) vs 4.3 (SE 0.7) nmol/l, P less than 0.01]. It is suggested that the rise in umbilical artery levels of androstenedione is derived from the fetal adrenal gland and may have an important role in the onset of labour. PMID- 6235838 TI - A computer-aided design for orthognathic surgery. AB - An interactive on-line computer system is described with application in orthognathic surgery. Both the hardware and software of the system are discussed. The application of the system is outlined under the various features of the system's software. The general software collects, stores and analyses graphic data such as from cephalometric radiographs and facial and dental photographs. The specific software handles the planning requirements of orthognathic surgery- diagnosis, treatment planning and prediction of post-operative soft-tissue profile. PMID- 6235839 TI - Complications of surgery for oral malignancy. AB - The post-operative complications on 100 patients who had surgery for oral malignancy were studied. Sixty-five per cent developed one or more complications, wound breakdown being the most common. Complications increased with the clinical staging of the tumour and the extent of the surgery, but were not significantly related to age (if under 80 years), site or whether radiotherapy had been previously employed. PMID- 6235840 TI - Review of the lower blepharoplasty incision as a surgical approach to zygomatic orbital fractures. AB - The use of a lower blepharoplasty incision as a surgical approach to zygomatico orbital fractures is described. A series of 27 cases is presented. The incidence of transient and permanent post-surgical ectropion is discussed and correlated with the degree of post-traumatic oedema, age and sex of the patients, the form of dissection and the method of closure. PMID- 6235841 TI - Surgical emphysema complicating mandibular sagittal split osteotomy. PMID- 6235842 TI - Dentinal dysplasia: a clinicopathological study of eight cases and review of the literature. AB - Seven cases of dentinal dysplasia Type I and a case of dentinal dysplasia Type II have been presented, and the literature concerning these rare disorders has been reviewed. Attention has been drawn to the important clinical and histological features of these dental abnormalities. PMID- 6235843 TI - Ewing's sarcoma of mandible. AB - Ewing's sarcoma is a highly malignant tumour which develops from the medullary tissue of bones. It accounts for four to five per cent of all primary bone tumours (Ackerman et al., 1968; Dahlin, 1978) and usually presents as a solitary lesion in patients below the age of 30 years. It is most commonly situated in a long bone of the upper and lower extremities, pelvis, ribs and vertebrae. We describe the clinico-pathological features and management of a 19 year old male patient who developed Ewing's sarcoma of the mandible, an uncommon site of origin. It is hoped that the improvement in prognosis of this tumour observed in other sites due to aggressive chemotherapy will also pertain for Ewing's sarcoma within the mandible. This case illustrates the difficulties of management at this anatomic site. PMID- 6235844 TI - Disseminated intravascular coagulation and facial injury. AB - A severe case of disseminated intravascular coagulation secondary to a road traffic accident in a pregnant woman is presented. The nature of this recognised complication of pregnancy is noted, and the problems encountered when it occurs together with facial trauma, are described. The importance of awareness and recognition of this condition is emphasised. PMID- 6235845 TI - Henoch-Schonlein purpura; orofacial presentation. AB - Henoch-Schonlein purpura is a relatively common syndrome that is associated with gastrointestinal symptoms, polyarthritis, erythemato-urticarial rashes and acute glomerulonephritis. A case is reported in which the initial manifestation was orofacial purpura. PMID- 6235846 TI - Unicystic ameloblastoma of the mandible. AB - A case of unicystic ameloblastoma of the mandible is presented. Enucleation would appear to be the treatment of choice. Difficulty may be encountered in establishing a histological diagnosis. Long term follow up is desirable. PMID- 6235847 TI - ATP synthesis catalyzed by the purified erythrocyte Ca-ATPase in the absence of calcium gradients. AB - The Ca2+-transporting ATPase of erythrocytes was isolated by calmodulin affinity chromatography. The backward reaction of the ATPase was investigated. The phosphorylation of the solubilized enzyme by Pi required Mg and was inhibited by Ca and vanadate in the micromolar concentration range. Significant amounts of phosphoenzyme could be obtained only in a medium containing high dimethyl sulfoxide concentrations (greater than 25%) in order to diminish water activity at the phosphorylation site. The phosphoenzyme formed in this way could not phosphorylate ADP. However, upon addition of Ca2+ ions and dilution of dimethyl sulfoxide in the phosphorylated preparation (water activity jump), a highly reactive phosphoenzyme species was obtained which could transfer phosphate in nearly stoichiometric amounts to ADP to form ATP. PMID- 6235848 TI - Disulfide-bonded aggregates of heparan sulfate proteoglycans. AB - Heparan sulfate proteoglycans have been isolated from Swiss mouse 3T3 cells by using two nondegradative techniques: extraction with 4 M guanidine or 2.5% 1 butanol. These proteoglycans were separated from copurifying chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans by using ion-exchange chromatography on DEAE-cellulose in the presence of 2 M urea. The purified heparan sulfate proteoglycans are substantially smaller, ca. Mr 20 000, than those isolated from these same cells with trypsin, ca. Mr 720 000 [Johnston, L.S., Keller, K. L., & Keller, J. M. (1979) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 583, 81-94]. However, all of the heparan sulfate proteoglycans extracted by these three methods contain similar glycosaminoglycan chains (Mr 7500) and are derived from the same pool of cell surface associated molecules. The trypsin-released heparan sulfate proteoglycan (ca. Mr 720 000) can be significantly reduced in size (ca. Mr 33 000) under strong denaturing conditions in the presence of the disulfide reducing agent dithiothreitol, which suggests that this form of the molecule is a disulfide-bonded aggregate. The heparan sulfate proteoglycan isolated from the medium also undergoes a significant size reduction in the presence of dithiothreitol, indicating that a similar aggregate is formed as part of the normal release of heparan sulfate proteoglycans into the medium. These results suggest that well-shielded disulfide bonds between individual heparan sulfate proteoglycan monomers may account for the large variation in sizes which has been reported for heparan sulfate proteoglycans isolated from a variety of cells and tissues with a variety of extraction procedures. PMID- 6235850 TI - X-ray absorption study of Rhus laccase: evidence for a copper-copper interaction, which disappears on type 2 copper removal. AB - X-ray absorption spectra are reported for the multi-Cu oxidase Rhus vernicifera laccase in oxidized and fully reduced forms and for laccase from which the type 2 Cu has been depleted (T2D). The structure of the Cu K edge for both preparations shows the presence of CuII and CuI in the oxidized and reduced states, respectively. As previously reported by LuBien et al. (1981), removal of the type 2 Cu leads to reduction of the type 3 center, which can be reoxidized with H2O2. Fourier transforms of the extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) give well-defined first and outer shell scattering peaks. Analysis of the first shell peak is complicated by the heterogeneity of the Cu sites. When (imidazole)4CuIISO4 is used as a model of the average Cu-ligand interactions, it is shown that all of the first shell peaks contain 2.7-3.5 near neighbors per Cu, at an average distance of 1.97-1.98 A. For T2D laccase, the fit is improved by inclusion of one-third of a sulfur atom at 2.19 A, corresponding to the presumptive cysteine ligand of the type 1 Cu, which remains in the preparation containing three Cu atoms per molecule. The outer shell region shows two peaks characteristic of scattering from distant imidazole atoms. For T2D laccase the filtered outer shell contribution can be satisfactorily fit by scattering from an average of 2.1-2.4 imidazole groups. For native laccase, however, imidazole alone cannot satisfactorily model the outer shell contribution.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6235849 TI - beta-Globin gene family in murine erythroleukemia cells resides within two chromatin domains differing in higher order structure. AB - The beta-globin gene family is organized into two distinct chromatin domains which are digested at significantly different rates by DNase I. We have investigated the possibility that this differential DNase I sensitivity is based upon differences in the higher order structure of chromatin. When nuclei are digested under low ionic strength conditions known to unfold higher order chromatin structures, the differential sensitivity is lost. That is, the relatively DNase I resistant domain, containing the transcriptionally inactive embryonic and beta-homologous globin genes, becomes sensitive. When chromatin is recondensed with either MgCl2 or NaCl, thus indicating the higher order coiling of the chromatin fiber, the differential sensitivity is restored. Furthermore, the removal of histone H1, known to be essential for stabilization of higher order chromatin structures, results in the loss of differential DNase I sensitivity. In contrast to the DNase I resistant domain, the transcriptionally active adult beta-globin genes show no increase in the rate of digestion when chromatin is unfolded, indicating that this domain may exist as an unfolded nucleosomal chain. The data further suggest that this sensitive domain may be depleted of histone H1. PMID- 6235851 TI - Inhibitory chemical modifications of F1-ATPase: effects on the kinetics of adenosine 5'-triphosphate synthesis and hydrolysis in reconstituted systems. AB - The purified, soluble F1-ATPase was modified by several covalently reacting inhibitors, either known or considered to bind to the active site bearing beta subunit, to cause partial inhibition up to 99%. The modified enzyme was then reconstituted in the presence of OSCP (oligomycin sensitivity conferring protein) with submitochondrial particles (SMP) almost completely (greater than 99%) denuded of active F1-ATPase and was assayed for oligomycin-sensitive ATPase and oxidative phosphorylation activities. The inhibitors used were 1-fluoro-2,4 dinitrobenzene (FDNB), N-(ethoxycarbonyl)-2-ethoxy-1,2-dihydroquinoline (EEDQ), 1 cyclohexyl-3-(2-morpholinoethyl)carbodiimide metho-p-toluenesulfonate (CMCD), quinacrine mustard (QM), 5-(dimethylamino)-naphthalene-1-sulfonyl chloride (dansyl-Cl), 5'-[p-(fluoro-sulfonyl)benzoyl]adenosine (FSBA), and N,N' dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCCD). The SMP reconstituted with unmodified F1 exhibited oxidative phosphorylation and oligomycin-sensitive ATPase (in the presence of uncouplers) activities as high as 500 nmol min-1 mg-1 and 8 mumol min 1 mg-1, respectively. The systems reconstituted with F1 modified to cause various degrees of inhibition with FDNB, EEDQ, CMCD, QM, and dansyl-Cl exhibited the same degree of inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation and oligomycin-sensitive ATPase activities as the inhibition of the ATPase activity of the modified F1 before reconstitution. The systems reconstituted with FSBA-modified F1 showed the following relative degrees of inhibition: oxidative phosphorylation greater than oligomycin-sensitive ATPase of particles greater than ATPase of soluble F1. In contrast, the systems reconstituted with DCCD-modified F1 showed much greater inhibition of oligomycin-sensitive ATPase than of oxidative phosphorylation activity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6235852 TI - Methanol-induced release of tightly bound adenine nucleotides from thylakoid associated CF1. AB - Incubation of thylakoids in 33% methanol causes a release of the tightly bound nucleotides from CF1. This methanol effect is not a stimulation of nucleotide exchange, since no medium ATP or ADP is incorporated into CF1 during the methanol treatment. While the optimal conditions for stimulating the release of tightly bound ADP were similar to those for activating the ATPase, a direct relationship between the effects was not found. The tightly bound ADP does not represent a catalytic intermediate in this system, since (a) its rate of release is much slower than enzyme turnover, and (b) the substrate specificity for hydrolysis is different from that which promotes ADP release. A regulatory role for the tightly bound ADP in methanol-activated ATPase is also not indicated, since (a) activation of the ATPase occurs much more rapidly than ADP release, and (b) after the tightly bound ADP has been lost, high rates of ATP hydrolysis still require the presence of methanol, and (c) the small ATPase activity which persists after the removal of the methanol is not correlated with the loss of bound ADP. These results show that significant rates of ATP hydrolysis can occur with ADP still tightly bound to CF1. This argues against any model in which ADP regulates ATPase activity by binding directly to the catalytic site. PMID- 6235853 TI - ATP-dependent spectral response of oxonol VI in an ATP-Pi exchange complex. AB - Energy transduction in an ATPase complex (complex V) has been studied in two reactions catalyzed by this system, i.e., ATP-dependent spectral shift of oxonol VI, and ATP-Pi exchange activity. Aurovertin alone inhibits 50% of the oxonol shift at 2 microM, and no further inhibition occurs at up to 12 microM. In combination with even weakly effective uncouplers, 4 microM aurovertin fully abolishes the oxonol response. No such effects are observed in the presence of oligomycin and uncouplers. No pH gradient is detectable by quenching of 9-amino-6 chloro-2-methoxyacridine; and nigericin is without effect on the oxonol response. Valinomycin is inhibitory even in the absence of added potassium, due to ammonium ions introduced during the purification steps. Thiocyanate inhibits the dye response by only 10-27%, depending on the preparation. The extent of the oxonol response depends on the ATP/ADP ratio rather than the phosphorylation potential. The dye response in the ATPase complex is 4-7-times less sensitive to bile salts than in submitochondrial particles. The inhibition by cardiolipin can be reversed by the addition of phospholipids. The possibility is discussed that the oxonol response in the ATPase complex reflects, at least in part, a more local, ATP dependent and energy-related process. PMID- 6235854 TI - Phosphorylation of a pancreatic zymogen granule membrane protein by endogenous calcium/phospholipid-dependent protein kinase. AB - The occurrence of phospholipid-sensitive calcium-dependent protein kinase (referred to as C kinase) and its endogenous substrate proteins was examined in a membrane preparation from rat pancreatic zymogen granules. Using exogenous histone H1 as substrate, C kinase activity was found in the membrane fraction. The kinase was solubilized from membranes using Triton X-100 and partially purified using DEAE-cellulose chromatography. An endogenous membrane protein (Mr approximately equal to 18 000) was found to be specifically phosphorylated in the combined presence of Ca2+ and phosphatidylserine. Added diacylglycerol was effective in stimulating phosphorylation of exogenous histone by the partially purified C kinase, but had no effect upon phosphorylation of the endogenous 18 kDa protein by the membrane-associated C kinase. Phosphorylation of the 18 kDa protein was rapid (detectable within 30 s following exposure to Ca2+ and phosphatidylserine), and highly sensitive to Ca2+ (Ka = 4 microM in the presence of phosphatidylserine). These findings suggest a role for this Ca2+-dependent protein phosphorylation system in the regulation of pancreatic exocrine function. PMID- 6235855 TI - Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic studies of lipid-protein interaction in native and reconstituted sarcoplasmic reticulum. AB - Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy has been used to monitor lipid-protein interaction and protein secondary structure in native and reconstituted sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles. Studies of the temperature dependence of the CH2 symmetric stretching frequency reveal no cooperative phase transitions in purified sarcoplasmic reticulum or in vesicles reconstituted with dioleoylphosphatidylcholine, although a continuous introduction of disorder into the lipid acyl chains is observed as the temperature is raised. In addition, temperature-dependent changes are observed in the Amide I and Amide II vibrations arising from protein peptide bonds. A comparison of lipid order in native sarcoplasmic reticulum and its lipid extract showed that the introduction of protein is accompanied by a slight increase in lipid order. Reconstitution of Ca2+-ATPase from sarcoplasmic reticulum with dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (lipid/protein ratio 30:1), reveals a perturbed lipid melting event broadened and reduced in midpoint temperature from multilamellar lipid vesicles. The onset of melting (27-28 degrees C) correlates well with the onset of ATPase activity and confirms a suggestion (Hesketh, T.R., Smith, G.A., Houslay, M.D., McGill, K.A., Birdsall, N.J.M., Metcalfe, J.C. and Warren, G.B. (1976) Biochemistry 15, 4145 4151) that a liquid crystalline environment is a requirement for optimal protein function. Finally, Ca2+-ATPase has been reconstituted into binary lipid mixtures of DOPC and acyl-chain perdeuterated DPPC. The effect of protein on the structure and melting behavior of each lipid component was monitored. The protein appears to preferentially interact with the DOPC component. PMID- 6235857 TI - Enhancement of actomyosin ATPase activity by tropomyosin. Recombination of myosin and tropomyosin between muscles and platelet. AB - In skeletal muscle, the physiological role of tropomyosin has been assumed to be the 'blocking' of the actin-myosin interaction. In smooth muscle and platelet, however, tropomyosin was shown to 'enhance' the interaction. To investigate the reason for this apparent contradiction, we carried out recombination experiments using reconstituted actomyosins and different tropomyosins. Tropomyosins from skeletal muscle, arterial smooth muscle and platelet were recombined with skeletal, arterial and platelet myosins. The effects of tropomyosins on the actin activated ATPase activities of myosins were then examined. The results are as follows. (i) Although tropomyosins from artery and platelet are distinctively different in molecular weight, they are interchangeable in enhancing the ATPase activities of both arterial and platelet actomyosins. The enhancement, however, is reduced by increasing the concentration of Mg X ATP and decreasing the concentration of myosin. (ii) Arterial and platelet tropomyosins are not capable of inhibiting the ATPase activity of skeletal actomyosin. (iii) Skeletal tropomyosin enhances arterial and platelet actomyosin ATPase activities in the same way as arterial and platelet tropomyosins. The results indicate that the major determinant of the effect of tropomyosin on the actomyosin-ATPase activity is the state of actomyosin. We suggest that any tropomyosin enhances the actin activated ATPase activity of myosin recombined with skeletal actin, under the condition where actin and myosin form a 'rigor' (tight) complex. PMID- 6235856 TI - Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of membrane proteins using anionic and cationic detergents. Application to the study of mitochondrial F0-F1-ATPase. AB - Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of a cationic detergent, tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide (TDAB) has been compared to electrophoresis in the presence of an anionic detergent, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). Although, in both systems, the peptides generally migrated as a function of their molecular weight, the TDAB electrophoresis permitted us to obtain a much better resolution of several peptides of the mitochondrial F0-F1-ATPase, especially for the alpha and beta subunits and for the oligomycin sensitivity conferring protein (OSCP). The differences between the two electrophoretic profiles have been used to devise a new technique of two-dimensional electrophoresis using successively anionic and cationic detergents. This method could be very useful in the case of membrane proteins, which are generally soluble only in the presence of powerful ionic detergents. It has been particularly successful in resolving the small peptides of the F0-F1-ATPase which were difficult to differentiate by other techniques in one- or two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. PMID- 6235858 TI - Isolation of high-mobility-group proteins HMG1 and HMG2 in non denaturing conditions and comparison of their properties with those of acid-extracted proteins. AB - We describe a method for isolation and purification of the chromosomal proteins HMG1 and HMG2 in non-denaturing conditions which overcomes the difficulties of the published methods concerning yield and purity. The method is based on salt extraction, selective precipitation with ammonium sulfate and DEAE-cellulose chromatography. All studied properties of these proteins (formation of protein tetramers, enhancement of micrococcal nuclease digestion of DNA and chromatin, and protection of 165-basepair DNA in chromatosome) differ significantly from the properties of HMG1 and 2 isolated under denaturing conditions. PMID- 6235859 TI - Plasmin degradation of cartilage proteoglycan. AB - Employing agarose gel electrophoresis, physiological concentrations of plasmin have been shown to degrade purified proteoglycan monomers and aggregates isolated from bovine articular cartilage. Proteoglycan degradation was (1) proportional to plasmin concentration, (2) dependent on the conversion of plasminogen to plasmin by plasminogen activator, (3) not displayed by plasminogen activator alone, and (4) inhibited by a serine proteinase inhibitor. These results, coupled with other findings, provide further support for a possible role of plasmin/plasminogen activator in cartilage destruction associated with rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 6235860 TI - Calcium dependence of the stimulatory action of hypertonicity on renal medullary prostaglandin synthesis. AB - Previous studies have shown that hypertonic mannitol or NaCl increases the release of [3H]arachidonate and immunoreactive prostaglandin E in inner medullary slices incubated in Ca2+-free media containing EGTA. By contrast, the stimulation of these parameters by ionophore A23187 and by arginine-vasopressin are abolished in Ca2+-free media plus EGTA. In the present study, the effects of Ca2+ deprivation and the intracellular Ca2+ antagonist TMB-8 [8-N,N-diethylamino)octyl 3,4,5 -trimethoxybenzoate-HCl) were further examined to assess the Ca2+ dependence of the actions of different stimuli of prostaglandin E synthesis in rat renal inner medulla. Ca2+-free media without EGTA abolished increases in [3H]arachidonate and immunoreactive prostaglandin E release induced by ionophore A23187, but not those induced by arginine-vasopressin, suggesting that different pools of Ca2+ subserve expression of the actions of these two stimuli. At low concentrations, TMB-8 (10-25 microM) inhibited increases in [3H]arachidonate and immunoreactive prostaglandin E release induced by arginine-vasopressin, but did not influence effects of Ca2+ plus ionophore A23187 or hypertonicity on these parameters. At higher concentrations (100-500 microM), TMB-8 suppressed effects of ionophore A23187, hyperosmolar NaCl and mannitol on immunoreactive prostaglandin E and [3H]arachidonate release from slices. The effects of a sub optimal inhibitory concentration of TMB-8 on ionophore A23187 actions were overcome by increasing Ca2+ in the media from 1.5 to 5 mM. Ca2+ deprivation, or concentrations of EGTA or TMB-8, that were effective in suppressing increases in immunoreactive prostaglandin E induced by ionophore A23187, arginine-vasopressin or hypertonicity, did not modify increases in immunoreactive prostaglandin E induced by exogenous arachidonate. Moreover, in microsomal fractions of inner medulla, TMB-8 suppressed Ca2+-dependent increases in phospholipase A2 and C activities, an effect which was competitive with Ca2+. Thus, Ca2+ deprivation and TMB-8 act at a step in the immunoreactive prostaglandin E synthetic pathway proximal to cyclooxygenase activity, and probably at the level of Ca2+-dependent acyl hydrolase activity. The results with TMB-8 indicate that an intracellular pool of Ca2+ is involved in expression of the actions of hypertonicity to increase [3H]arachidonate release and immunoreactive prostaglandin E in inner medulla. PMID- 6235861 TI - [Intracellular pH and its regulation]. PMID- 6235862 TI - [Energy-dependent redistribution of a lipophilic anion in sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles and Ca2-ATPase molecules]. AB - The distribution of lipophilic anion of phenyldicarbaundecarborane (PCB-) between water phase and fragments of sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) from skeletal muscle was studied, using a bilayer lipid membrane (BLM) as a selective electrode. Addition of ATP leads to an increase in PCB- binding to SR vesicles. The ATP effect is totally reversible only in the presence of both EGTA and A23187. Chlorides, in contrast with oxalate and phosphate, do not reduce the ATP-dependent PCB- binding. Oxalate decreases also the energy-dependent extrusion of protons from SR into the medium. Preliminary incubation of SR fragments with calcium gluconate leads to a decrease in PCB- binding. Addition of ATP to purified Ca2+-ATPase is coupled with a release of PCB- and calcium from the enzyme. It is suggested that ATP-dependent binding of PCB- to SR membranes reflects calcium incorporation into the hydrophobic region of Ca2+-ATPase molecules. PMID- 6235864 TI - [Effect of vitamin preparations on epileptic activity]. AB - It has been shown in experiments on mice and rats that daily administration of subthreshold doses of pentylenetetrazol led to a progressive increase in the sensitivity to the action of the epileptogen, augmentation of brain epileptization and development of the pharmacological kindling. Single administration of nicotinamide in doses of 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg and alpha tocopherol in a dose of 100 mg/kg exerted a pronounced antiepileptic effect under the conditions of over kindling. On combined use of nicotinamide and pyridoxal-5 phosphate, nicotinamide, pyridoxal-5-phosphate and alpha-tocopherol the antiepileptic action was more demonstrable. Daily administration of a complex of the drugs (nicotinamide, pyridoxal-5-phosphate, alpha-tocopherol) produced a substantial reduction in epileptic activity under the conditions of overt kindling. The possibility has been demonstrated of preventing the development of epileptic activity with nicotinamide under kindling. PMID- 6235863 TI - [Myocardial hypertrophy during experimental hypertension in young and old animals]. AB - The myocardium of young rabbits aged 6-10 months and old rabbits aged 3.5-4.5 years and that of rabbits of the same age with experimental hypertension (the renal pattern) was studied by the morphometry and gravimetry techniques and electron microscopy. The myocardial mass and the number of hypertrophied fibers 16.5-22.1 microns in diameter were discovered to increase in old animals with advancing age. Young rabbits with hypertension of a 4-month standing manifested an increment in the myocardial mass and in the number of hypertrophied muscle fibers. The pattern of the distribution of cardiomyocytes as per diameter and connective tissue content of the heart in such rabbits was similar to that seen in the old heart. Old animals with hypertension showed an insignificant rise of the myocardial mass at the same times and a statistically significant lowering in the number of hypertrophied fibers in contradistinction to young hypertensive rabbits. At the same time the myocardium exhibited an increase in the number of dystrophic and necrotic cells and enlargement of the foci on substitutive sclerosis. PMID- 6235865 TI - [Epithelial structural changes in the urinary tubules of the kidney of the white rat in the early period of corrosive sublimate nephrosis]. AB - Examination of serial semithin (0.5 micron) methacrylate and paraffin (8 micron) sections of the rat kidney 6, 12, 24 and 48 hours after subcutaneous injection of sublimate in a dose of 0.6 mg/100 g bw has demonstrated that the damage to the different parts of the tubular component of nephron is heterogeneous in nature. Both complete and partial necrosis of nephrocyte cytoplasm can be seen in the proximal part of nephron. The distal parts of nephron and collective tubules are characterized by partial necrosis of the apical areas of the cytoplasm. During the period between 12 and 24 hours after sublimate injection, one can observe the onset of destructive processes together with intracellular recovery processes in partially damaged but still viable nephrocytes, which is confirmed by the enlargement of the nucleolar size. The regeneration of the tubular epithelium at the expense of cellular renewal was unmarked 24 hours after sublimate injection. PMID- 6235866 TI - Erythrocyte enzymopathies, hemolytic anemia, and multisystem disease: an annotated review. PMID- 6235867 TI - Genetic polymorphism of platelet glycoprotein Ib. AB - Platelet glycoprotein (GP) Ib from 131 healthy Japanese was analyzed using SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and specific staining with peroxidase-coupled wheat germ agglutinin after it was transferred to nitrocellulose membranes. Four slightly different species of GPIb were observed and designated as A, B, C, and D for glycoproteins with molecular weights of 168,000, 162,000, 159,000, and 153,000 daltons, respectively. The respective gene frequencies were calculated to be .073, .011, .561, and .355 for A-, B-, C-, D-type GPIb. Portions from each type of GPIb molecule (alpha-chain and glycocalicin) showed heterogeneity with the same molecular weight difference, indicating that the variance would be derived from the polypeptide portion that is exposed to the outer medium. The different types of GPIb were the same with respect to their accessibility to lactoperoxidase, reactivity to lectins, and affinity to TLCK-thrombin. Although Bolin et al reported patients with a bleeding tendency whose platelets have double GPIb bands, here we found that platelets with different GPIb phenotypes showed no significant differences in aggregating activity and platelet retention. Analysis of GPIb phenotype should be important for structural and physiologic studies on GPIb and glycocalicin. PMID- 6235868 TI - Purification of common acute lymphoblastic leukemia antigen positive cells from normal human bone marrow. AB - Mononuclear cells expressing the common acute lymphoblastic leukemia antigen (CALLA) were purified from normal adult human bone marrow, where they constitute a small fraction of the total population. This was accomplished by a two-step purification from Ficoll-Hypaque-isolated mononuclear cells. Isolated mononuclear cells were first labeled with a mixture of monoclonal antibodies (MoAb) specific for myeloid and erythroid precursor cells, and immune rosettes were then formed with sheep erythrocytes coated with rabbit anti-mouse antibodies (R/M-SRBC). Sedimentation through Ficoll-Hypaque then eliminated the majority of mature myeloid cells. The second step consisted of labeling the remaining rosette negative cells with CALLA-specific MoAb and purifying CALLA+ cells by fluorescence activated cell sorting. Alternatively, CALLA+ cells were purified in a second R/M-SRBC rosette sedimentation step. The purified CALLA+ cells, which morphologically were medium to large lymphoid cells, were subsequently studied using dual fluorescence techniques to identify surface markers as well as intracytoplasmic staining to detect terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase enzyme (TdT) and intracytoplasmic mu. While the CALLA+ cell suspensions contained very few mature myeloid cells or T lymphocytes, the finding that 5% to 11% of them were cyto-mu+ and 13% to 22% expressed the B1 differentiation antigen clearly indicated that at least some of these cells were B cell precursors. Because 48% to 63% of the cells were TdT+ and practically all of them expressed Ia antigen, it appears that these cells are a mixture of very early lymphoid precursor cells as well as more differentiated pre-B cells. The phenotype of these normal cells is very similar to that of common ALL cells. Differences in the surface marker phenotypes between adult and fetal CALLA+ cells that have previously been purified were also identified. PMID- 6235869 TI - Effect of a thymic factor on T lymphocytes in B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia: in vitro and in vivo studies. AB - Abnormalities of T lymphocytes in B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) have been extensively documented by several immunologic investigations. Following recent studies pointing to the favorable effect of TP-1, a partially purified extract of calf thymus, on the T cell-mediated immunity of several diseases, including Hodgkin's disease, we have used monoclonal antibodies and the enriched T lymphocytes of 16 untreated B-CLL patients to evaluate the proportion of T cell subsets before and after the administration of TP-1. In addition, the proliferative response to phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and the helper function in a pokeweed mitogen (PWM) system were assessed. In ten cases, the effect of TP-1 was also studied in vitro by evaluating the same parameters before and after incubation of B-CLL T cells with the drug. The study demonstrated that in vivo administration of TP-1 increases significantly (P less than .001) the proportion of the defective helper/inducer T cell population (OKT4-positive cells) in B-CLL, leading to a near normal OKT4/OKT8 ratio. Furthermore, the improved phenotypic profile was accompanied by an increased proliferative response to PHA and, in particular, by a significant increase (P less than .01) of T helper capacity; this increase was, however, insufficient to enable the normalization of the serum immunoglobulin levels. The in vitro incubation of B-CLL T lymphocytes did not succeed in producing significant modifications in distribution and function. PMID- 6235870 TI - The effect of serum on monocyte tissue factor generation. AB - Human monocytes generate the procoagulant tissue factor (MTF) following exposure to a variety of immune stimuli in vitro. The generation of MTF is modified by T cells, lymphokines, and immunoregulatory lipoproteins, and recent studies have shown that MTF can be activated in an immune-specific manner following exposure to antigen. We have examined the role of serum factors in the regulation of MTF generation. Low concentrations (less than 1%) of heat-inactivated normal human serum greatly enhanced MTF generation in cultures of normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells. The stimulatory effect was observed in cultures of both unstimulated cells and cells exposed to bacterial lipopolysaccharide. Stimulation was not observed at high serum concentrations (greater than 10%) and could not be explained by endotoxin contamination or activation of the assay system. Stimulatory activity was present in plasma and BaSO4-adsorbed plasma as well as autologous and allogeneic serum, was not abolished by removal of serum lipoproteins, and did not require the presence of T cells for its expression. Sera from 28 different normal volunteers were screened for stimulatory activity and demonstrated a wide variation in potency. These results suggest that a potent factor is present in sera that enhances the expression of MTF activity in vitro. This factor is distinct from previously described lipoprotein regulators and may play a role in the initiation of coagulation in both normal hemostasis and pathologic states. PMID- 6235871 TI - Immunologic status of hemophilia patients treated with cryoprecipitate or lyophilized concentrate. AB - We evaluated 37 patients with moderate or severe hemophilia A and six patients with severe factor IX deficiency for clinical or laboratory evidence of immune abnormalities. Patients were assigned to one of four groups according to the type of clotting factor replacement. Twenty patients had received only cryoprecipitate during the two years preceding the evaluation (group I); 11 additional patients were treated predominantly with cryoprecipitate but had also received up to nine bottles of factor VIII concentrate (group II); six patients received factor VIII concentrate (group III); six patients received factor IX concentrate (group IV). There was no clinical or laboratory evidence of immunodeficiency among the 43 patients. The mean absolute number of Th cells was normal in all patient groups, but the mean absolute number of Ts cells was increased compared with controls, both in patients treated with cryoprecipitate and in patients treated with factor VIII or factor IX concentrate. There was no correlation between the Th/Ts ratio and patient age, alanine aminotransferase level, hepatitis serology, in vitro lymphocyte function, or amount of clotting factor administered. Our observations demonstrate that the volunteer or commercial origin of clotting factor replacement cannot fully explain the alterations in lymphocyte subset distribution previously described in patients with hemophilia A. PMID- 6235872 TI - Heparan sulfate and dermatan sulfate inhibit the generation of thrombin activity in plasma by complementary pathways. AB - Heparan with a low affinity for antithrombin III has previously been demonstrated to inhibit thrombin generation in both normal plasma and plasma depleted of antithrombin III. In addition, standard heparin and heparin with a low affinity for antithrombin III have been demonstrated to have equivalent inhibitory actions on thrombin generation in plasma depleted of antithrombin III. These observations prompted the investigation of the effects of four normal vessel wall glycosaminoglycans (heparan sulfate, dermatan sulfate, chondroitin-4-sulfate, and chondroitin-6-sulfate) on the intrinsic pathway generation of thrombin and factor Xa and on the inactivation of thrombin and factor Xa in plasma. Heparan sulfate inhibited thrombin generation and accelerated the inactivation of added thrombin and factor Xa in normal plasma but not in antithrombin III-depleted plasma. In contrast, dermatan sulfate inhibited thrombin generation in both normal and antithrombin III-depleted plasma. In addition, heparan sulfate was an effective inhibitor of factor Xa generation, while dermatan sulfate was not. Neither chondroitin-4-sulfate nor chondroitin-6-sulfate inhibited the generation of thrombin or factor Xa nor did they accelerate the inactivation of factor Xa or thrombin by plasma. These results suggest that heparan sulfate acts primarily by potentiating antithrombin III, while dermatan sulfate acts by potentiating heparin cofactor II. The inhibition of thrombin generation by heparan sulfate and dermatan sulfate thus appears to occur by complementary pathways, both of which may contribute to the anticoagulation of blood in vivo. PMID- 6235874 TI - Minisymposium on the mode of action of growth factors. March 15-16, Villejuif. Abstracts. PMID- 6235873 TI - Determination of fragment D-dimer derivatives in serum reactive with antiserum against human fragment D-dimer. AB - A previous study demonstrated the preparation of an antiserum having enough specificity and sensitivity for a radioimmunoassay to determine fragment D-dimer derivatives. Using the antiserum the contents of fragment D-dimer derivatives in the sera of normal subjects and patients were determined. The content in normal subjects was 0.260 +/- 0.07 micrograms/ml (mean +/- SD) an that in patients with elevated levels of FDP ranged from 0.30 to 28 micrograms/ml. The values of fragment D-dimer derivatives and FDP in sera of some patients did not necessarily change in parallel, although there seems to be generally a positive correlation between them. PMID- 6235876 TI - [Expression of hepatitis B virus (HBV) genome in the oocytes of two species of amphibians]. AB - Xenopus laevis and Pleurodeles waltlii oocyte nuclei are injected with a recombinant plasmid pCP 10, carrying two hepatitis B virus (HBV) genomes in a tandem arrangement. Transcription occurs in oocytes of both species and production of viral RNAs is demonstrated; better quantitative results are obtained with P. waltlii oocytes. Two viral proteins are detected: Hepatitis B surface antigen (Ag HBs) and Hepatitis B core antigen (Ag HBc). These proteins can be shown only in oocyte homogenates, and not in the incubation media. Another viral marker (Ag HBe) was not detected. PMID- 6235875 TI - Regulation of eukaryotic gene expression by transactivating proteins and cis acting DNA elements. AB - In this review we try to examine some of the recent developments in our understanding of the mechanisms that control gene expression in eukaryotes. We discuss the nature of the positive regulation exerted by adenovirus, herpes virus or papova immediate early proteins. These proteins which can activate homologous promoters can also stimulate transcription from cellular promoters present on transfected DNA. This property of the E1a gene product of Adenovirus e.g. may be related to its immortalizing function. Transcription of cellular genes can be stimulated by viral or cellular short DNA elements named enhancers. These elements acting in cis, can be placed 5' or 3' to the gene and function in both orientations. Some of them show a remarkable cell specificity in their action. Enhancers affect the chromatin structure by creating a local nuclease sensitive region that may serve as an entry site for RNA polymerase II or for factors involved in the process of transcription initiation. PMID- 6235877 TI - RNA synthesis in pig follicular oocytes. Autoradiographic and cytochemical study. AB - RNA synthesis in pig oocytes was studied using autoradiography and silver staining of the nucleolus organizing region. Both methods confirmed that oocytes from the smallest follicles (0.5-0.7 mm in diam.) very intensely synthesize nuclear and nucleolar RNA. The nucleolar area of oocytes originating from follicles of 1.6-2.2 mm in diam. was labelled mainly on its periphery. After short pulse labelling (15 min) of oocytes from follicles of 5-6 mm in diam. only the nucleoplasm was labelled. The nucleolus had no significant labelling. The possibility that labelling of the compact nucleolus after a longer pulse represents migration of the newly synthesized nuclear RNA into the compact nucleolus, is discussed. The quantity of silver-positive material in dictyate oocytes significantly decreased as pig follicles enlarged in diam. from 2 mm to 5 6 mm. PMID- 6235879 TI - Quantitative aspects of membrane shifts in rat parathyroid cells initiated by decrease in serum calcium. AB - The secretory activity of parathyroid glands in rats was stimulated by decreasing the serum Ca++ concentration through constant intravenous infusion of EGTA. The morphometric analysis of the nuclear and cytoplasmic volume and of the surface area of the rough endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi complex, secretory granules and plasma membrane revealed a membrane shift from secretory granules and Golgi complex to the plasma membrane within 1 hr of calcium depression. Subsequently, between 1 and 3 hr of calcium depression, the membrane shift was from the plasma membrane to the Golgi complex. It is considered likely that these membrane shifts are related to a rise in release of parathyroid hormone by exocytosis and a subsequent increase in retrieval of plasma membrane by endocytosis--probably through the compartment of coated pits and coated and uncoated vesicles. PMID- 6235880 TI - The periseptal annulus in Escherichia coli. AB - Evidence is presented that two circumferential zones of cell envelope differentiation, the periseptal annuli, exist in E. coli as previously observed in S. typhimurium. The periseptal annulus is located at the division site of cells. A strain overproducing a periplasmic protein, PhoS (phosphate-binding protein) has been used to provide a landmark for the periseptal compartment. The zone of adhesion does not involve inner-outer membrane fusion. This zone does not provide a strong physical barrier to protein diffusion in the periplasmic space, at least under conditions of plasmolysis. PMID- 6235878 TI - Dynamics of antibody transfer from mother to fetus through the yolk-sac cells in the rat. AB - In rodents, maternal immunoglobulins are transported intact by the yolk-sac visceral epithelium from mother to fetus. The main purpose of the present paper is to study the dynamics of the uptake and transport of immunoglobulins by the rat yolk-sac using a new experimental design. The results show the rapid binding of IgG to the cell membrane microvilli since only 30 sec were sufficient for this attachment to occur. The endocytic process also appears to be very fast as localization of IgG in clusters, pits and microvesicles were observed after 5 min of contact between the yolk-sac and the IgG solution. Moreover, the antibodies were detected in the intracellular spaces within 15 min of incubation. PMID- 6235881 TI - Con A- and WGA-binding sites on bovine epididymal spermatozoa: TEM of specimens in toto. AB - Binding sites for Con A and WGA were detected on bovine spermatozoa during epididymal maturation. We used colloidal gold as an EM-marker. The spermatozoa were treated according to a two-step method for lectin and colloidal gold, then adsorbed to lysine-coated nickel grids and subsequently examined by TEM in toto. Using this method we rapidly got information about the topographic distribution of lectin-binding sites. Major differences exist for WGA between caput and cauda spermatozoa. Conceding that cell-thickness poses some limitation, we consider this method to be practical and especially useful in studies concerning topographic distribution of cell surface components in single cell systems. PMID- 6235882 TI - Human B-like lymphoblastoid cell lines obtained by long-term culture of normal spleen leukocytes. AB - B-like lymphoblastoid cell lines were obtained by long-term culture of human spleen leukocytes in RPMI 1640 medium containing human plasma fraction instead of whole foetal calf serum. These cell lines, which did not form E-rosettes had membrane immunoglobulins, and expressed Epstein-Barr virus antigens. Most synthesized intracytoplasmic immunoglobulins and were shown to be diploid and to remain so after subcultures. All produced interferon upon induction with Sendai virus. PMID- 6235883 TI - Nutritional aspects of Down's syndrome with special reference to the nervous system. AB - Multiple deficiencies of vitamins and trace metals have been demonstrated in Down's syndrome. The picture is complex, especially since not all individuals are affected equally. Deficiencies are not age-related, but appear to be lifelong. The brain in Downs's syndrome does not develop adequately; one area, the hippocampus, which is concerned with memory, is poorly developed and is also involved in the pathological changes of Alzheimer's disease. The role of nutrients is discussed in relation to damage to the mature brain, and to the ageing process. PMID- 6235884 TI - Anorexia nervosa in Down's syndrome--a case report. AB - A case is described of anorexia nervosa arising in a mentally-handicapped 35-year old person with Down's syndrome. The late onset is accounted for on the grounds that adolescent challenges had only recently arisen in this instance. Removal of the patient from the provocative situation, coupled with some effective psychotherapeutic 'grief work' with the family, was associated with restoration of normal body weight and menstrual function, following the patient's acceptance of the usual re-feeding treatment programme. PMID- 6235885 TI - Chromium 51 EDTA/technetium 99m MDP plasma ratio to measure total skeletal function. AB - A method is described for the quantitation of total skeletal activity during bone scans. The method requires a single plasma sample only, taken at the time of imaging. The ratio of % injected dose of 51Cr EDTA to that of 99Tcm MDP is calculated from this sample following combined injection of the two radiopharmaceuticals. The 51Cr EDTA level corrects for the glomerular filtration of 99Tcm MDP. Using this method, which only requires a gamma counter, significant differences from normal controls have been shown in patients with osteomalacia, renal osteodystrophy, Paget's disease and hypercalcaemia. The method provides routine quantitative data to add to the imaging information in the bone scan. PMID- 6235886 TI - Lung uptake of technetium 99m methylene diphosphonate due to focal metastatic calcification. PMID- 6235887 TI - An unusual cluster of babies with Down's syndrome--was it caused by the Windscale fire? PMID- 6235888 TI - Failure of long term luteinising hormone releasing hormone treatment for prostatic cancer to suppress serum luteinising hormone and testosterone. PMID- 6235889 TI - Bronchoconstriction induced by ipratropium bromide in asthma: relation to hypotonicity. PMID- 6235890 TI - Motor neurone disease: can we do better? A study of 42 patients. AB - A feeling that patients with motor neurone disease were not always well managed prompted a study of the symptoms, functional levels, and use of aids in a group of 42 patients. Pain, falls, constipation, and swelling of the legs emerged as the major symptomatic problems. At the time of assessment two thirds of the patients appeared to be in need of aids which had not been provided. Disturbance of sleep secondary to positional nocturnal discomfort caused much distress to both the patient and spouse; and this might be eased by the use of an electric turning bed. Over half the patients said that they disliked attending neurology outpatient clinics. Criticism centred on poor transport arrangements, lack of information about the control of symptoms, and unsatisfactory help from junior staff. A key worker should be identified as part of a new strategy for managing these patients. PMID- 6235891 TI - The effect of modification of 5-hydroxytryptamine function in nucleus raphe magnus on nociceptive threshold. AB - Thresholds to noxious heat stimulation were increased following microinjection of zimelidine, an inhibitor of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) re-uptake, into the nucleus raphe magnus (NRM) of rats. Pretreatment with intraperitoneally given cinanserin reduced this effect but pretreatment with intraperitoneally given phenoxybenzamine did not. Fenfluramine, which causes the release of 5-HT from synaptic terminals also elevated nociceptive thresholds following microinjection into NRM. Subanalgesic doses of morphine or zimelidine elevated nociceptive thresholds when microinjected together into NRM. The elevation of nociceptive threshold produced by microinjection of morphine into NRM was reduced by simultaneous microinjection of cinanserin into NRM. Cinanserin alone had no effect when microinjected into NRM. These findings suggest that inhibition of the re-uptake of 5-HT in NRM can elevate nociceptive thresholds and that there may be an interaction between the effects of morphine and 5-HT in NRM. PMID- 6235892 TI - Discharges of forelimb spindle primary afferents during locomotor activity in the decorticate cat. AB - In the acute decorticate cat, the discharge patterns of single spindle primary afferents from various forelimb muscles during locomotion have been examined in relation to the extrafusal activity. In a given muscle under isometric conditions, the activation of spindle primary endings was closely related to that of extrafusal muscle fibers. Since this increase in spindle discharge could occur in the absence of detectable electromyographic activity in the parent muscle, it resulted, at least to some extent from an enhanced activity in gamma efferents. The data are discussed in relation to previous studies of forelimb efferent activity and hindlimb fusimotor control in the same preparation. PMID- 6235894 TI - [Localization of iron and sulfur in the lysosomes of thyroid epithelium using electron probe microanalysis and X-ray spectrometry]. AB - Thyroid lysosomes have been studied by means of EPMA combined with an electron microscope. In 4 months old mice, lysosomes are a few number and contain very low iodine concentrations and sulfur load is not significant. In 10 months old mice, iodine only or associated with sulfur is observed in homogeneous lysosomes varying in size and density. Those two types of localizations reflect two eventual steps in hormonal metabolism pathway of iodine. PMID- 6235893 TI - Free and conjugated GABA in human cerebrospinal fluid: effect of degenerative neurologic diseases and isoniazid. AB - gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) was measured in CSF as such and following acid hydrolysis by the ion-exchange/fluorometric method. The conjugated GABA level was obtained by subtracting the free GABA level from the total GABA level. Results showed that at room temperature, while the free GABA level increased, the level of conjugated GABA decreased in a linear fashion during the first 24 h (r = 0.974; P less than 0.001). Aging and CSF conjugated GABA levels were inversely correlated (r = -0.613; P less than 0.05). Unlike free GABA levels, the levels of conjugated GABA were not altered in Huntington's disease, Parkinson's disease, cerebellar ataxias, dementias, epilepsy and multiple sclerosis compared to controls. In patients with Huntington's disease, on administration of isoniazid at 900 mg/day, along with pyridoxine at 100 mg/day, a 4-fold increase of both free (P less than 0.005) and conjugated GABA (P less than 0.0025) was seen. The results indicate that while total GABAergic peptides are not altered in several of the neurologic diseases studied, drugs such as isoniazid and/or pyridoxine can significantly elevate both free and conjugated GABA levels in human CSF. PMID- 6235895 TI - [Indices of partial oxygen deprivation in the culture medium of cardiac cells]. AB - Three indexes of partial oxygen deprivation, i.e. hypoxanthine, alpha HBDH and CK, were investigated in rat heart cell cultures, 7 day-old. Enzyme release in the medium and hypoxanthine uptake by the cells pointed out both oxygen and glucose deprivation, which modelized ischemia. Conversely, hypoxanthine release pointed out oxygen deprivation, in the presence of glucose however, which modelized hypoxia, whereas there was no enzyme leakage in the latter condition. PMID- 6235897 TI - [Detection of anti-collagen antibodies by a solid phase radioimmunologic technic]. AB - A solid-phase radioimmunoassay using 125I-protein A is described for the detection of antibodies to collagens of different types. The optimal conditions for the adsorption of collagen onto polystyrene microplates, then the incubations with the antiserum and finally with the 125I-protein A have been evaluated. The technique was applied successfully to antisera raised in rabbit, goat, guinea pig and mouse against human type I, II, III, IV, V and bovine type I, II, 1 alpha 2 alpha 3 alpha, X1-X7 collagens. PMID- 6235896 TI - [Development of young rabbits exposed to an intense electric field]. AB - Newborn rabbits were exposed 18 hours a day for 6 weeks to an intense electric field; then they were killed, the body weight and the weights of the main organs had the same values as the control ones. The compositions of liver and interscapular brown fat were not modified. There was no significant effect of the electric field either on plasma levels of ACTH, GH, T3, T4, corticosterone, cortisol or on plasma levels of glucose, triglycerides and cholesterol. The histology of thyroid and adrenals showed no evident alterations. Ultrastructural examinations of the cerebellum did not show the previously described alterations observed in Purkinje nerve cells. It is concluded that in the present experimental conditions, the chronic exposure of newborn rabbits to an intense electric field did not modify the biological and structural parameters which were examined and had no effect on the animal growth and development. PMID- 6235898 TI - [Lympho-epithelial interactions in the thymus during development of radio-induced lymphomas in C57BL mice]. AB - In C57BL/Ka mice, leukemogenic fractionated whole-body X-irradiation induces alterations of the lymphoepithelial interactions normally found in the Thymic Nurse Cells (TNCs) and leads to the disappearance of these complexes. This phenomenon is due to the disturbances of thymic lymphopoiesis caused by modifications of bone marrow prothymocytes and of the epithelial component of TNCs. PMID- 6235899 TI - [The same alkyl acceptor acts in the repair of DNA containing O6-methylguanine or O6-ethylguanine]. AB - Repair of O6-methylguanine and O6-ethylguanine in DNA by chromatin proteins is a transalkylation onto cystein residues of probably two acceptor proteins. The repair is limited by the amount of acceptors. Competition experiments have shown that the same acceptors are involved in the repair of both kinds of damages. PMID- 6235900 TI - [Is the AP site an intermediary in the formation of interstrand crosslinks in irradiated DNA?]. AB - Irradiation of DNA produces primary AP (apurinic of apyrimidinic) sites due to the loss of modified bases and secondary AP sites resulting from the destruction of deoxyribose. The aldehyde groups of the primary AP sites and of some secondary AP sites might be responsible for the formation of the crosslinks in irradiated DNA. PMID- 6235901 TI - [In vitro study of the cytogenetic effects produced by ultrasound used in medical therapy and administered alone or in combination with X-rays]. AB - Rabbit peripheral blood lymphocytes have been exposed in vitro in Go to therapeutic ultrasound (1 MHz continuous wave mode) alone or in combination with 50 rads of X-rays. The results demonstrate that ultrasound doses ranging from 0 to 960 J/cm2 delivered at intensity levels of 0.5 or 1 W/cm2 do not interfere with the cell kinetics of PHA stimulated cells and do not enhance the frequencies of sister chromatid exchanges above the control levels. PMID- 6235903 TI - [Vascular reconstruction in diabetic angiopathy of extremities]. PMID- 6235902 TI - [Hereditary intestinal tumor observed after irradiation of multiple generations of a male germinal line of C57BL/6 mice]. AB - An heritable multiple intestinal adenocarcinoma was observed in the offspring of an outcross between a male (or female) parent originating from our C57 Black/6M strain and his female (or male) mating counterpart originating from an experimental subline of the same strain, propagated following multigeneration exposure of the male parent to low level tritium, as drinking water (10 microCi/ml) for 35 days prior to mating. PMID- 6235904 TI - [Suppressor cell activity in patients with viral hepatitis]. PMID- 6235905 TI - Rehab Ranch--fun, therapy for kids. PMID- 6235906 TI - Control of glycoprotein synthesis. IX. A terminal Man alpha l-3Man beta 1- sequence in the substrate is the minimum requirement for UDP-N-acetyl-D glucosamine: alpha-D-mannoside (GlcNAc to Man alpha 1-3) beta 2-N acetylglucosaminyltransferase I. AB - Twenty low molecular weight compounds were tested as substrates for UDP GlcNAc:alpha-D-mannoside (GlcNAc to Man alpha 1-3) beta 2-N acetylglucosaminyltransferase I (GlcNAc-transferase I) purified from bovine colostrum. This enzyme is at a key control point in the biosynthetic path leading to complex Asn-linked oligosaccharides. The highest activity was obtained with the substrate Man alpha 1-3(R1 alpha 1-6)Man beta 1-R2 where R1 was Man alpha 1 3(Man alpha 1-6)Man- (Km = 0.20 mM) and R2 was -4GlcNAc beta 1-4GlcNAc-Asn. Somewhat less effective were substrates in which R1 was Man- (Km = 0.4-0.6 mM) and R2 was either-4GlcNAc or -4GlcNAc beta 1-4(Fuc alpha 1-6)GlcNAc-Asn. Removal of the Man alpha 1-6 arm (R1 = H-) or replacing R2 with an isopropyl group had no effect on Vmax but increased the Km about 10-fold, thereby leading to an 85% reduction in enzyme activity as measured under standard conditions. An 85% reduction in activity was also observed if R2 was replaced with N acetylglucosaminitol. Enzyme activity was reduced 33% if R1 was Gal beta 1 4GlcNAc beta 1-2Man-. Any compounds lacking a Man alpha 1-3- terminus or in which the beta-linked Man had been replaced with an alpha-linked Man were totally inactive. It was concluded that a terminal Man alpha 1-3Man beta 1-sequence is a minimal structural requirement for a GlcNAc-transferase I substrate. The only effective substrate for partially purified UDP-GlcNAc:alpha-D-mannoside (GlcNAc to Man alpha 1-6) beta 2-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase II (GlcNAc-transferase II) from bovine colostrum was R1-GlcNAc beta 1-2Man alpha 1-3(Man alpha 1-6)Man beta 1-R2 where R1 = H-. The absence of a terminal GlcNAc beta 1-2- residue or masking this residue by making R1 = Gal beta 1-4-, both prevented enzyme activity, indicating that GlcNAc-transferase I action must precede GlcNAc transferase II action during biosynthesis of complex Asn-linked oligosaccharides. PMID- 6235907 TI - Suppressor cells in the thoracic duct lymph of tolerant, spleen-grafted rats. AB - Vascularized spleen allografts between two different inbred rat strains induce specific transplantation tolerance in vivo. Thoracic duct lymphocytes isolated from tolerant rats exhibited notable nonresponsiveness to donor stimulator cells in the mixed lymphocyte reaction. In-vitro co-culture experiments indicate that this nonresponsiveness reflects the activity of both specific and nonspecific suppressor cells. Since suppressor cells are present in tolerant animals, it is possible that the suppressor cells play an important role in maintaining spleen induced transplantation tolerance. PMID- 6235908 TI - Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group experience with chemotherapy for inoperable gallbladder and bile duct cancer. AB - In a prospective randomized Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) study, 53 eligible and evaluable patients with advanced gallbladder carcinoma and 34 with advanced bile duct carcinoma were treated with oral 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) or with oral 5-FU plus streptozotocin (Stz) or oral 5-FU + Methyl-CCNU (MeCCNU). Severe toxicity occurred in 2 of 30 patients receiving 5-FU (7%), in 14 of 26 receiving 5-FU + Stz (54%), and in 12 of 31 receiving 5-FU + MeCCNU (39%). Five of 53 patients with gallbladder carcinoma (2/18 [11%] on 5-FU, 2/16 [12%] on 5-FU + Stz, and 1/19 [5%] on 5-FU + MeCCNU) had objective response to treatment. There was no significant difference between treatments with respect to response or survival. Three of 34 patients with bile duct cancer (1/12 [8%] on 5-FU, 0/10 on 5-FU + Stz, and 2/12 on 5-FU + MeCCNU) had objective response to treatment. There was no significant difference between treatments with respect to response or survival. Patients with prior chemotherapy were randomized between MeCCNU alone and Stz alone. Among such patients, only 1 of 17 patients who had prior chemotherapy with other agents responded to MeCCNU alone, and none of 14 patients responded to Stz alone. PMID- 6235909 TI - In vitro elicitation of cytotoxic response against a nonimmunogenic murine tumor by allosensitization. AB - The murine lymphoma (thymoma) PIR-2 of C57BL/6 origin, primarily induced in our laboratory by fractionated X-ray irradiation, has been shown to be nonimmunogenic by its failure to immunize syngeneic mice in vivo or to evoke a cytotoxic response in primary mixed lymphocyte-tumor cell cultures (MLTC) in vitro. We were able, however, to demonstrate the existence of anti-PIR-2 cytotoxic cells among allogeneic-primed C57BL/6 responding lymphocytes using the technique of limiting dilution cultures (LDC). The frequency of anti-PIR-2 cytotoxic cells among C57BL/6 lymphocytes sensitized against BALB/c splenocytes in mixed leukocyte culture (MLC) was 1/20 to 1/40, and the cytotoxic activity of positive LDC wells against PIR-2 reached 60% as determined by a 4-h 51Cr-release assay. The frequency of anti-PIR-2 cytotoxic cells could be increased two- to 10-fold (up to 1/4) by removing nylon-wool-adherent cells from the primed cell population and/or by enriching the primed lymphoblast population on a Percoll density gradient. Anti-PIR-2 cytotoxic cells were found to be Thy1+; Lyt1-2+ cells. Clones isolated from the LDC wells manifested strong cytotoxic activity toward PIR-2 cells and the stimulating BALB/c splenocytes but not against other H-2b tumor lines or C57BL/6 splenocytes. We suggest that the procedure of allostimulation in MLC-LDC is an effective in vitro means of generating highly reactive cytotoxic cells against poorly immunogenic neoplasms. PMID- 6235910 TI - Depression of murine natural killer cell cytotoxicity by isobutyl nitrite. AB - We have investigated the effect of isobutyl nitrite on murine NK-cell antitumor directed cytotoxicity. This agent has been suggested as one of the factors underlying immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in man. We demonstrated that two injections, each of 0.25 ml isobutyl nitrite, resulted in significant depression of endogenous splenic and peripheral blood natural killer (NK) cell cytotoxicity against T-cell lymphoma, YAC-1. In addition to endogenous NK cells, activity of pyrimidinol-activated NK cells was also substantially depressed by this agent. The latter observation is of the utmost importance, since it suggests that the attempt to augment NK-cell activity (to promote resistance to infections and malignancies) could fail in patients with AIDS who are isobutyl nitrite users. Isobutyl nitrite was NK-cell-suppressive not only after in vivo administration but, most importantly, also after inhalation. This indicates that isobutyl nitrite, via its NK-cell suppressive effect, could contribute to immunodeficiency in AIDS. Studies on the mechanism of NK-cell depression by isobutyl nitrite demonstrated that the NK-cell tumor-binding properties as well as NK-cell cytotoxic potential were substantially depressed. Mixing experiments failed to reveal any regulation by suppressor cell activities. The results of these studies clearly indicate that isobutyl nitrite is an immunosuppressive agent and that its use should be avoided. PMID- 6235911 TI - Activation of lymphocyte anti-tumor responses in man. Towards an understanding of effector cell heterogeneity? PMID- 6235912 TI - Control of hepatocyte replication by two serum factors. AB - Serum proteins from hepatectomized or control rats were separated by gel permeation chromatography and assayed for stimulation of hepatocyte proliferation in primary cultures of hepatocytes. Two peaks of activity were seen in the areas of large (greater than 120,000) and small (less than 3,000) molecular weight. These activities are different from insulin, epidermal growth factor, or vasopressin and are empirically termed hepatopoietin A and B, respectively. The two activities interact in a synergistic manner to stimulate hepatocyte proliferation at rates comparable to that of the whole serum. PMID- 6235913 TI - Therapeutic catheter procedures in congenital heart disease: current status and future prospects. AB - Advancing technology in catheterization techniques have allowed the development of several therapeutic procedures in patients with congenital heart disease. Some of these, such as atrial balloon septostomy, are well established. Others, such as pulmonary valve dilatation, patent ductus closure, and systemic-pulmonary collateral obliteration are currently being tried with success in many institutions. In the future, certain forms of coarctation, some intracardiac shunts and perhaps other anomalies may be suitable for therapy by catheter techniques. PMID- 6235914 TI - Therapeutic catheter procedures in congenital heart disease: current status at Johns Hopkins. PMID- 6235915 TI - Effect of chronic digoxin treatment on cardiac function, electrolytes and ATPase in failing heart due to pressure overload. AB - A decrease in the cardiac function and intracellular calcium, and an increase in the cardiac sarcolemmal ATPase have been reported in aortic stenosis of 6 to 9 months duration in dogs. The present investigation deals with the effect of 3 months of digoxin treatment on cardiac function, electrolytes and ATPase in dogs with 3 months of aortic stenosis in order to determine whether digoxin treatment gives only haemodynamic improvement or if it also improves the condition of the myocardium in terms of contractility and biochemical changes. There were no significant changes in any of the haemodynamic parameters of left and right ventricles except the left ventricular end-diastolic pressure which increased significantly at 3 months of aortic stenosis. All the hearts developed left ventricular hypertrophy. Concomitant with these changes, there was a tendency for a decrease in the total tissue Ca2+, intracellular Ca2+ and K+, and a tendency for an increase in the sarcolemmal ATPase. There were no significant differences in any of the haemodynamic parameters between the aortic stenotic and digoxin treated aortic stenotic dogs indicating that digoxin was at least maintaining the haemodynamics close to the pretreatment level. Although digoxin treatment prevented the changes in the sarcolemmal ATPase and extracellular space, it did not prevent the further decrease in the total or intracellular Ca2+. The total and intracellular Ca2+ was still significantly higher than previously observed after 6 to 9 months of aortic stenosis. These results suggest that digoxin treatment not only tended to prevent further deterioration of cardiac function but also tended to prevent further changes in the sarcolemmal ATPase and electrolytes. PMID- 6235916 TI - [Immunologic regulation from the viewpoint of the autoimmune state]. PMID- 6235917 TI - Distribution of polymorphic forms of troponin components in extra- and intrafusal fibers of an avian slow muscle. AB - By indirect immunofluorescence microscopy, the reactivities of extra- and intrafusal muscle fibers with antibodies against troponin (TN) components were studied in an avian slow muscle, the anterior latissimus dorsi (ALD) of the chicken. Serial cross sections of the muscle were exposed to antibodies specific to TN components (TN-T, -I, and -C) from adult chicken breast and ventricular muscles. In extrafusal fibers, four distinct categories were identified on the basis of differential reactivity with these antibodies. The predominant population of fibers (greater than 95%) reacted weakly only with antiventricular TN-C. The second type of fibers (less than 5%) was stained with antibodies raised against breast TN components. The third group of fibers (less than 1%) was labeled not only with antibreast TN components, but also with antiventricular TN T and -C. The last class of fibers (less than 1%) reacted with antibodies directed against ventricular TN-T and -C. These results were correlated with myofibrillar ATPase staining patterns of fibers. In intrafusal muscle fibers of this muscle, the same four types of fibers were observed; in these fibers, however, there appeared to be a longitudinal variation in the reactivity. In conclusion, the slow ALD muscle of the adult chicken contains populations of both extrafusal and intrafusal fibers which are heterogeneous in reactivity with TN component antibodies. PMID- 6235919 TI - The 5' terminus of the RNA moiety of U1 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particles is required for the splicing of messenger RNA precursors. AB - We have investigated the role of small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particles (snRNPs) in the in vitro splicing of messenger RNA precursors by a variety of procedures. Removal of the U-type snRNPs from the nuclear extracts of HeLa cells with protein A-Sepharose-coupled human autoimmune antibodies leads to complete loss of splicing activity. The inhibition of splicing can be prevented by saturating the coupled antibodies with purified nucleoplasmic U snRNPs prior to incubation with nuclear extract. We further demonstrate that an intact 5' terminus of U1 snRNA is required for the functioning of U1 snRNP in the splicing reaction. Antibodies directed against the trimethylated cap structure of the U snRNAs inhibit splicing. Upon removal of the first eight nucleotides of the U1 snRNA in the particles by site-directed hydrolysis with ribonuclease H in the presence of a synthetic complementary oligodeoxynucleotide splicing is completely abolished. These results are in strong support of current models suggesting that a base-pairing interaction between the 5' terminus of the U1 snRNA and the 5' splice site of a mRNA precursor is a prerequisite for proper splicing. PMID- 6235918 TI - Patterns of lambda Int recognition in the regions of strand exchange. AB - Int protein has two classes of binding sites within the phage att site: the arm type recognition sequences are found in three specific sites that are distant from the region of strand exchange; the junction-type recognition sequences occur as inverted pairs around the crossover region in both attP and attB. During recombination between attP and attB each of the four DNA strands is cut at a homologous position within each of the junction-type Int binding sites. In all four junction-type sites Int protein interacts primarily with the same face of the DNA helix, as determined by those purine nitrogens that are protected against methylation by dimethylsulfate. Efficient secondary attachment sites for lambda contain sequences with partial homology to the junction-type binding sites. In addition, the sequence between, but not part of, the two junction-type sites (the overlap region) is strongly conserved in secondary att sites. Thus, in the vicinity of strand exchange, attP and a recombining partner, such as attB, are very similar; each comprises two junction-type Int recognition sites and an overlap (crossover) region. PMID- 6235920 TI - Mapping of DNAase I sensitive regions on mitotic chromosomes. AB - We have shown that in fixed mitotic chromosomes from female G. gerbillus cells the inactive X chromosome is distinctly less sensitive to DNAase I than the active X chromosome, as demonstrated by in situ nick translation. These results indicated that the specific chromatin conformation that renders potentially active genes sensitive to DNAase I is maintained in fixed mitotic chromosomes. We increased the sensitivity and accuracy of in situ nick translation using biotinylated dUTP and a specific detection and staining procedure instead of radioactive label and autoradiography and now show that in both human and CHO chromosomes, the DNAase I sensitive and insensitive chromosomal regions form a specific dark and light banding pattern. The DNAase I sensitive dark D-bands usually correspond to the light G-bands, but not all light G-bands are DNAase I sensitive. Identifiable regions of inactive constitutive heterochromatin are in a DNAase I insensitive conformation. Our methodology provides a new and important tool for studying the structural and functional organization of chromosomes. PMID- 6235921 TI - The role of PNP enzyme in autologous rosette-forming cells. AB - Since purine nucleoside phosphorylase has been associated with suppressor function in lymphocytes, enzyme activities were studied in autologous rosette forming cells, a subset showing suppressor properties. Levels of this enzyme were higher in these cells than in other T cells. Con A induction of autologous red cell receptors and suppressor activity of T cells were both inhibited in dose dependent fashion by Formycin B, a well known inhibitor of purine nucleoside phosphorylase. Inhibition of autologous rosette-forming cells was obtained after pulse treatment of cells with Formycin B for as little as 1 hr, whereas cell proliferation was only inhibited when Formycin B was present throughout culture; this confirms the independence of cell proliferation, and development of red cell receptors and suppressor activity. This study indicates a crucial role for purine nucleoside phosphorylase enzyme in induction of T cell suppressor activity. PMID- 6235922 TI - T and B cells induce macrophages which suppress proliferation but not lymphokine secretion. AB - In vitro culture of mouse spleen cells for 2 days or more leads to the production of adherent, phagocytic, Thy-1-, Ia+, Lyt-2- cells ("suppressor macrophages") which strongly inhibit the proliferative response of T and B lymphocytes to a variety of stimuli: mitogens, specific antigens, and antigen-nonspecific growth factors. Suppressive activity fails to develop, however, in cultured spleen cells from which nonadherent cells have been removed before the initial 48-hr incubation, and only partial suppression is obtained from cell suspensions from which T cells have been depleted before culture. We find that the requirement for nonadherent cells can be replaced by graded doses of lymphocytes. Lyt-2- and Lyt 2+ T cells are about equally potent in inducing suppressive activity in nonadherent cells. Surprisingly, B cells (containing fewer than 0.1% contaminating T cells) are also able to induce suppression in this system. The suppression induced includes both indomethacin-sensitive and indomethacin resistant components. Interestingly, not all stages of mitogen-induced T-cell activation are blocked by these adherent cells: proliferation is inhibited, but production of interleukin 2 (IL-2) and interleukin 3 (IL-3) is unaffected. PMID- 6235923 TI - Tumor bearer T cells suppress Bacillus Calmette-Guerin-potentiated antitumor responses. III. Identification of an auxiliary efferent suppressor-T-cell population. AB - T cells (Ts-eff) induced in BALB/c mice by subcutaneous (sc) growth of syngeneic Meth A tumors can adoptively suppress the effector phase of delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) in Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG)-primed and unprimed recipients which have been sensitized with irradiated Meth A cells but they do not inhibit the augmented DTH response in recipients inoculated with cyclophosphamide (CY) 2 days prior to sensitization. By reconstituting CY-treated immunized recipients with selected spleen cell populations, it has been demonstrated that Ts-eff suppress DTH by interacting with a second or auxiliary suppressor cell population present in immune but not normal spleens. These auxiliary suppressor cells (Ts-aux) are Thy+, Lyt 1-2+ and I-J+, phenotypically similar to Ts-eff. Their activity is not influenced by B-cell depletion. Unlike Ts-eff, Ts-aux do not bear receptors specific for Meth A cells. Ts-aux and Ts-eff share similar sensitivity to irradiation and high dose (100 mg/kg) CY but unlike Ts-eff, Ts-aux are cortisone sensitive, nondividing, nonadherent cells which are absent from the thymus. The phenotype and mechanism of action of Ts-aux resemble those of the auxiliary or Ts3 cells defined in models of contact sensitivity, DTH to simple haptens, and in vitro antibody responses. PMID- 6235924 TI - Lymphocyte function in experimental African trypanosomiasis. VII. Loss of antigen nonspecific suppressor-T-cell activity. AB - The extent of immunosuppression occurring in mice infected with the pathogenic African trypanosomes was studied. Spleen cells from Trypanosoma rhodesiense infected C57BL/6J mice were tested for antigen-nonspecific suppressor-T-cell (Ts) activity after concanavalin A (Con A) treatment in vitro. After exposure to Con A, control and infected mouse spleen cells were added to responder spleen cell cultures stimulated with sheep erythrocytes (SRBC). Assays for the resultant plaque-forming cell responses to SRBC revealed that antigen-nonspecific Ts activity was lost during the first week of infection. Changes in infected mouse T cell subpopulations, including a terminal loss of Lyt 2.2+ cells, accompanied but did not precede the demonstrable loss of Ts function. Splenic suppressor macrophages which arise during infections with T. rhodesiense also did not seem to be associated with the loss of antigen-nonspecific Ts activity. It is concluded that the generalized immunosuppression associated with experimental African trypanosomiasis extends to the mitogen-induced Ts population. PMID- 6235925 TI - Suppression of B-cell and T-cell responses by the prostaglandin-induced T-cell derived suppressor (PITS). II. Resolution of multiple PITS beta factors. AB - It has been shown that T cells cultured with prostaglandin E2 are induced to release at least two peptide-containing lymphokines (PITS). Both the high molecular-weight (35,000; PITS alpha) and the low-molecular-weight (2000 to 5000; PITS beta) factors were shown to be potent inhibitors of both T-cell- and B-cell dependent mitogen responses. Data are reported here which show that the PITS beta factor may be reproducibly resolved into seven components by high-pressure liquid chromatography. Although each of these components is capable of suppressing the phytohemagglutinin-induced blastogenic response, not all of these factors will suppress the in vitro antibody response to sheep erythrocytes, or a mixed lymphocyte reaction. Nevertheless, the broad-range suppressive effects previously reported for PITS beta now seem to be mediated by multiple low-molecular-weight PITS factors. PMID- 6235926 TI - Abrogation of murine lupus by the xid gene is associated with reduced responsiveness of B cells to T-cell-helper signals. AB - Introduction of the xid genetic mutation into strains of mice (NZB, MRL/1, BXSB), which are normally susceptible to a lupus-like disorder, significantly delays the onset of disease and reduces the polyclonal B-cell activation characteristic of the lupus-prone strains. Evidence is presented here which shows that B cells from NZB and MRL/1 mice which carry the xid mutation have drastically reduced responses to T-cell-derived B-cell-growth- and differentiation-inducing activities. These results are in accord with a theory that acceleration of lupus onset may be due to overproduction of and/or increased responsiveness to B-cell activation signals. PMID- 6235927 TI - Helper cells in the autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction (AMLR). IV. H-2 restriction and specificity of cytotoxic cells induced by AMLR helper factor. AB - Supernatants from Day 3 cultures of T cells stimulated with syngeneic non-T cells in the autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction (AMLR) contained a T-cell factor distinct from interleukin 2 (IL-2). The AMLR factor could mediate the cytotoxic response of T cells to hapten-modified nonstimulatory syngeneic cells. The activity of this helper factor was H-2 unrestricted. However, the cytotoxic cells which developed in the presence of this factor were H-2 restricted and hapten specific. PMID- 6235928 TI - [Isolation and microscopic detection of Chlamydia trachomatis on tissue cultures of McCoy and BGM (buffalo green monkey) cells from urethral smears of men with the clinical diagnosis of nonspecific urethritis]. PMID- 6235929 TI - [Determination of tetanus antitoxin in human serum]. PMID- 6235930 TI - [Economic evaluation of the costs and losses to society due to infections with hepatitis virus type B]. PMID- 6235931 TI - [A test for selective motility in the diagnosis of salmonellosis]. PMID- 6235932 TI - [Toxic products of Bacteroides fragilis subsp. fragilis]. PMID- 6235933 TI - [Anaerobic non-sporulating bacterial flora in gynecological material]. PMID- 6235934 TI - [Circulating immunocomplexes. II. A suggestion for a modification of the PEG-IKEM test. Methodology study]. PMID- 6235935 TI - [Analysis of the incidence of nosocomial infections in a urology department]. PMID- 6235936 TI - [Water-borne epidemic of dysentery with detection of the transmission factor by cultivation]. PMID- 6235937 TI - [Apparatus for sterilizing bacteriological loops]. PMID- 6235938 TI - Effect of molybdenum on the acute toxicity of mercuric chloride. IV. Effect of molybdenum on mercury-mediated metallothionein mRNA induction. AB - In order to elucidate the mechanism of the stimulative effect of molybdenum on mercury-mediated renal metallothionein induction, the levels of translatable metallothionein mRNA (MT mRNA) in the kidneys of rats treated with saline or Na2MoO4 or HgCl2 or Na2MoO4 and HgCl2 were measured by translation experiments in cell-free protein synthesizing systems. The time course of accumulation of mercury in renal nuclei of rats given HgCl2 with or without Na2MoO4-pretreatment was also investigated. Molybdenum, itself, did not elevate levels of MT mRNA compared to saline controls at all time points (0, 6 and 14 h after exposure to HgCl2) but rapidly elevated the levels of the mRNA more than Hg-dosed rats when HgCl2 was also administered. On the other hand, the time course study in renal nuclei showed that the mercury content of nuclei was consistently lower in Mo-Hg dosed rats than in Hg-dosed rats at all time points (4, 8 and 24 h after exposure to HgCl2). These results suggest that the stimulative effect of molybdenum on mercury-mediated metallothionein induction is coupled with an increase of the mRNA coding for the low molecular weight protein and that such an increase in the levels of translatable MT mRNA is not due to the difference in uptake of mercury into renal nuclei. PMID- 6235939 TI - Effect of clioquinol on metals in rabbit. PMID- 6235940 TI - [Quality investigation of Crocus sativus]. PMID- 6235941 TI - [Quality evaluation of Chinese traditional drug, "huang-lian", rhizoma Coptidis]. PMID- 6235942 TI - [Hemostatic mechanism of carbonized Chinese traditional drugs]. PMID- 6235943 TI - [On the processing method of several Chinese traditional drugs]. PMID- 6235944 TI - [Studies on the processing method of Strychnos nux-vomica]. PMID- 6235945 TI - [Professor Zhao Ju-Huang, a pioneer of modern pharmacognosy in China]. PMID- 6235946 TI - [Comparative studies on the preparation of Chinese traditional medicine by spray drying]. PMID- 6235947 TI - [Introduction of a device for reflux extraction and solvent recovery of Chinese herbs]. PMID- 6235948 TI - [Studies on the flavonoids of Scutellariae. I. Root of Scutellaria rehderiana]. PMID- 6235949 TI - [Paper chromatographic separation and spectrophotometric estimation of indirubin in qing-dai (crude natural indigo)]. PMID- 6235950 TI - [Determination of coumarins in qian-hu, Peucedanum praeruptorum, P. decursivum and Ligusticum daucoides]. PMID- 6235951 TI - [Antitumor effect and pharmacological actions of beta-elemene isolated from the rhizome of Curcuma aromatica]. PMID- 6235952 TI - [Method of quantitative determination of cytochrome P-450 in mouse liver homogenate]. PMID- 6235953 TI - Huai dihuang--Rehmannia root produced in the district of "Huaiqing-Fu". PMID- 6235954 TI - [Seed germination and asexual propagation with stem cuttings of Trichosanthes kirilowii]. PMID- 6235955 TI - [Cultivation of Citrus aurantium]. PMID- 6235956 TI - [A preliminary study on the correlation between "the eight principle syndromes" and the function of vegetative nervous system in patients with menstruation disorders]. PMID- 6235957 TI - [Light microscopy and electron microscopy observation on the placenta and viscera of fetus in mid-stage abortion induced by Radix euphorbiae Kansui]. PMID- 6235958 TI - [Clinical observation on the therapeutic effect of "tong bi an"]. PMID- 6235959 TI - [Analysis of 100 cases with functional uterine bleeding]. PMID- 6235960 TI - [Combined traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine in the classification and treatment of vulval dystrophy--clinical analysis of 101 cases]. PMID- 6235961 TI - [Study on pathological basis of yang-deficiency and yin-deficiency in patients with chronic nephritis by urinary analysis of creatinine, urea, potassium, phosphorus and magnesium]. PMID- 6235962 TI - [Analysis of tongue features in 60 cases of acute myocardial infarction]. PMID- 6235963 TI - [Correlation between color of the tongue, hemodynamics and hormones of adrenal cortex and medulla in hypertensive patients]. PMID- 6235964 TI - [A study on the relationship between cyanotic tongue and prostaglandins]. PMID- 6235965 TI - ["Four method of diagnosis" in the observation of 489 cases of thrombotic syndrome in war injuries]. PMID- 6235966 TI - [The effect of dan-shen on right ventricular function and blood rheology in chronic cor pulmonale]. PMID- 6235967 TI - [Treatment of chronic bronchitis with "tan chuan jing"--clinical study of 300 cases and a pharmacological experiment]. PMID- 6235968 TI - [The relationship between gastric acid secretory function and differential syndrome treatment--gastric fluid analysis of 70 cases with atrophic gastritis]. PMID- 6235969 TI - [Combined traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine in the treatment of inflammatory diseases in gynecology]. PMID- 6235970 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of biliary ascariasis]. PMID- 6235971 TI - [Exploration on the theory of "human-nature correspondence" on the basis of circadian changes in pulse picture]. PMID- 6235972 TI - [Study on the wiry pulse]. PMID- 6235973 TI - [Effect of Chinese drugs on platelet functions]. PMID- 6235974 TI - [Combined traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine in the treatment of ectopic pregnancy]. PMID- 6235975 TI - [Medical education at the Qing Royal Hospital and the exchange between traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine]. PMID- 6235976 TI - [Research on the "four methods of diagnosis" in traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine]. PMID- 6235977 TI - Effect of guanosine on antitumor activity of fluorinated pyrimidines against P 388 leukemia. AB - The antitumor activity of the fluorinated pyrimidines 5-fluorouracil (FUra), 5 fluorouridine (FUrd), and 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine (FdUrd) against P388 leukemia was markedly potentiated by the addition of guanosine (Guo), resulting in therapeutic synergism. Any combination of FUra at 1-20 mg/kg, FUrd at 0.3-1 mg/kg, or FdUrd at 1-100 mg/kg with Guo at 100 mg/kg significantly potentiated the activity of FUra, FUrd, or FdUrd, respectively. The potentiation of these fluorinated pyrimidines by guanosine was abolished by the simultaneous administration of cytidine or uridine, but not of thymidine. In particular, cytidine was the strongest inhibitor of antitumor activity of these fluorinated pyrimidines, alone and in combination with guanosine. To obtain more effective treatment with the combination of various fluorinated pyrimidines and Guo, the influence of the molar ratios of Guo to the fluorinated pyrimidines on the antitumor activity against P388 leukemia was investigated. The increase in life span became more pronounced with increasing molar ratios. The optimal molar ratios of Guo/FUra, Guo/FUrd, and Guo/FdUrd were more than 5, 100, and 5, respectively. PMID- 6235978 TI - Is there any connection between heat inactivation of spectrin-dependent ATPase and loss of smooth biconcave shape of red cells? AB - Spectrin-dependent ATPase activity was measured in membranes from native human erythrocytes and erythrocytes heated for 20 min at different temperatures. This activity was found to decline when the erythrocytes were heated at 48 degrees C and higher. The break in ATPase activity corresponds to morphological changes in erythrocytes found by Crome and Mollison [Brit. J. Haematol. (1964) 10, 137]. The role of spectrin-dependent ATPase in erythrocyte shape maintenance is discussed. PMID- 6235979 TI - Inhibition of the activation and troponin calcium binding of dog cardiac myofibrils by acidic pH. AB - The aim of experiments described here was to test whether deactivation of cardiac myofibrils in acidic pH is associated with decreases in amounts of calcium bound to myofilament troponin. We determined the amounts of myofibrillar bound calcium attributable to troponin, from measurements of calcium binding to myofibrils and to myosin and from determination of the troponin C content of the myofibrillar preparations (0.40 nmol troponin C/mg protein). In measurements done at 2 mM free magnesium, 2 mM (magnesium-adenosine triphosphate, ionic strength 0.12, 22 degrees C, the pCa50 (-log of the half maximally activating molar free calcium) for myofibrillar magnesium-adenosine triphosphatase activity was 5.87 at pH 7.0, 5.49 at pH 6.5, and 5.04 at pH 6.2. This change in calcium sensitivity of myofibrillar magnesium-adenosine triphosphatase activity was present whether or not ethyleneglycol-bis(beta-aminoethyl ether)-N, N'-tetraacetic acid, was used to buffer the free calcium and whether or not myofibrillar troponin I had been phosphorylated by cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate-dependent protein kinase. However, the change in pCa50 of myofibrillar adenosine triphosphatase activity induced by acidic pH, was greater when free magnesium was reduced from 2.0 to 0.05 mM, and less when free magnesium was increased from 2.0 mM to 10 and 15 mM. The change in pCa50 with acidic pH was less if the ionic strength was reduced from 0.12 to 0.035 M. The magnesium-adenosine triphosphatase activity of troponin/tropomyosin-free myofibrils was independent of pCa and unaffected by a reduction of pH from 7.0 to 6.5. The affinity of myofibrillar troponin C for calcium decreased as pH was reduced from 7.0 to 6.5 and to 6.2 with and without ethyleneglycolbis(beta-aminoethyl ether)-N,N'-tetraacetic acid, and in a manner predicted from the effect of acidic pH on pCa50 for myofibrillar activation. Our results are consistent with the idea that at least part of the mechanism responsible for deactivation of the adenosine triphosphatase activity of cardiac myofilaments in acidic pH is a reduction in the affinity of myofibrillar troponin C for calcium. PMID- 6235980 TI - Anti-IgG binding test to assay circulating IgG-containing immune complexes from polyethylene glycol precipitates. AB - We describe a simple approach for assaying immune complexes from serum by using anti-IgG as the indicator after a three-step extraction procedure with polyethylene glycol. Analysis of the data indicates that assays of such extracts for immune complexes by absorbance nephelometry, kinetic light scatter, and immunoradiometric techniques correlate well. For 116 samples, results by absorbance nephelometry correlated (r = 0.86) with those by the C1q-binding test. The present assay and the Raji cell test were more sensitive than the C1q-binding test (p less than 0.001) for detecting increased concentrations of immune complexes in 29 samples from patients with immune-complex-type diseases. The basic approach we describe may lend itself to broad applications for use with various immunoassay techniques. PMID- 6235981 TI - Macro lactate dehydrogenase: an LDH-immunoglobulin M complex that inhibits lactate dehydrogenase activity in a patient's serum. AB - A macro lactate dehydrogenase (LDH, EC 1.1.1.27) isoenzyme with a low total LDH activity was present in the serum of a 57-year-old woman with a drug eruption (cutaneous lesions from an allergic reaction to drug administration). The patient's LDH was shown by immunoelectrophoresis to be bound to immunoglobulin G (IgG) and M (IgM). It was found that the patient's IgM acted as an inhibitor of LDH that was specific for the M subunit. When IgM was treated with 0.1 mol/l of 2 mercaptoethanol (2-ME), the inhibiting effect of the IgM to LDH activity disappeared, while treated IgM continued to bind to the LDH molecule. The LDH activity increased approximately two-fold when the patient's serum was treated with 2-ME. LDH activity in normal human serum was inhibited and an abnormal pattern of LDH isoenzyme appeared when the patient's IgM was added to normal serum. The present case seems to be the first report of LDH-IgM complex with a marked decrease of LDH activity. PMID- 6235982 TI - Effects of antisera raised against native and denatured human alpha-glucosidase and beta-hexosaminidases on native enzyme activity. AB - Antisera were raised in rabbits against native and sodium dodecylsulfate denatured forms of human acid alpha-glucosidase and beta-hexosaminidases A and B. Anti-native enzyme antisera were able to precipitate all or nearly all enzyme activity from cell extracts, and to eliminate all stainable activity on electrophoresis. Antisera prepared against denatured enzymes precipitated only a minor part of enzyme activity. Electrophoretic analysis showed that these antisera were able to bind to the enzyme molecule. The result was a slowing down of the anodic migration but not immobilization. The use of variants with hexosaminidase deficiencies helped to clarify the action of the antisera on the various hexosaminidase isozymes. PMID- 6235983 TI - Dyggve-Melchior-Clausen syndrome: normal degradation of proteodermatan sulfate, proteokeratan sulfate and heparan sulfate. AB - It had been suggested that Dyggve-Melchior-Clausen syndrome may be due to the deficiency of a specific sulfatase and/or a protease involved in proteoglycan degradation. The ability of Dyggve-Melchior-Clausen fibroblasts to endocytose and degrade 3H-leucine- and 35S-sulfate-labelled proteodermatan sulfate and 35S sulfate-labelled proteokeratan sulfate, respectively, was therefore investigated. The turnover of cell-associated 35S-sulfate-labelled heparan sulfate was also followed. In all these experiments Dyggve-Melchior-Clausen fibroblasts behaved normally. PMID- 6235984 TI - Specific suppressor T cell function in a patient with Graves' disease and her healthy identical twin. AB - Immunoregulatory defects have been suggested in autoimmune disorders including Graves' disease. The finding that Concanavalin A-induced suppressor T cell function was sub-optimal in Graves' disease has been disputed; a restricted defect in TSH-receptor antigen-specific suppressor cells has instead been proposed by Okita et al. (1980). To explore this further, we studied both specific and non-specific suppressor cell function in a pair of HLA identical twins, one of whom had Graves' disease. By contrast to the euthyroid healthy twin and 10 healthy controls (612 cpm/10(6) cells) the patient's mononuclear cells (MNCs) incorporated more (3H)-thymidine (7365 cpm/10(6) cells) in response to thyroid membrane antigen (TMA). Removal of glass-adherent cells before addition of antigen increased (3H)-uptake by cells from the healthy twin to 1808 cpm but reduced those from the Graves' twin to 3411 cpm. The influence of MNCs cultured with Con A or TMA for 24 h upon (3H)-thymidine uptake by 2 X 10(6) indicator cells triggered by Con A for 72 h or TMA for 96 h was taken as a measure of non specific and specific suppressor cell function respectively. Both Con A and TMA induced suppressor cells were reduced, the latter to a more marked degree, in the patient compared to the healthy twin; mixing of MNCs from patient and healthy twin in a 1:1 ratio improved the patient suppressor cell function. When the patient's MNCs triggered for 24 h with Con A were mixed in a 1:1 ratio with her fresh MNCs and TMA, less blast transformation was found compared to an equal number of fresh cells (3H-thymidine uptake 3250 vs 7365 cpm/10(6). Similarly, preincubated cells from the healthy twin had greater suppressive effect (1820 cpm/10(6) cells). We conclude that (1) the HLA identical healthy twin has TMA autoreactive lymphocytes regulated by adherent regulatory cells; (2) the increased ratio of helper/suppressor cells in the adherent cell population in the patient leads to a decrease of (3H) incorporation upon their removal; (3) in the patient, the specific suppressor cell defect is more severe than the non-specific defect; (4) lack of specific TMA induced triggering may be the critical immunoregulatory defect in Graves' disease. PMID- 6235985 TI - Dissociation of adrenarche and gonadarche in diabetes mellitus. AB - Serum concentrations of testosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHAS) have been measured in 10 stable insulin-dependent diabetic (IDD) males (chronological age (CA) range 13.0-17.5 years). Their results have been compared with those of a control population of 69 non-diabetic males who presented with mild constitutional growth delay and whose skeletal maturity and pubertal development were similar to the diabetic subjects. Within bone ages (BA) 11.0 14.5 years no significant difference was observed between the serum testosterone concentrations of the diabetic patients and controls: diabetic males, 8.2 (0.3 25) nmol/l (median and range); controls, 7.0 (less than 0.3-23) nmol/l. In contrast, within BA 11.0-14.5 years, the diabetic males had significantly lower serum DHAS concentrations: diabetic males, 1.1 (0.7-4.2) mumol/l; controls, 3.7 (0.7-5.6) mumol/l (P less than 0.001). The serum DHAS concentrations of the diabetic males were also significantly lower than the controls when matched separately for pubic hair and genital development, testicular volume and serum testosterone, (in each comparison P less than 0.02). Serum DHAS concentrations of the diabetic males did not correlate significantly with CA, BA, BA delay (CA-BA), age of onset of diabetes, duration of diabetes, or glycosylated haemoglobin (GHb), but significant correlation was observed between BA delay and duration of diabetes, r = 0.65, P less than 0.05. We conclude that gonadarche appears to proceed despite delayed adrenarche in IDD males. This study presents further evidence in favour of adrenarche and gonadarche being independent physiological events. The causes and clinical significance of low serum DHAS concentrations in adolescent diabetic males remain to be established. PMID- 6235986 TI - A simple DHEAS loading test in the antepartum diagnosis of placental sulphatase deficiency. AB - The accurate antenatal diagnosis of placental sulphatase deficiency (PSD) is essential if this condition is to be distinguished from others in which levels of oestrogen are low. In this study we have evaluated a simple protocol determining the serum oestradiol response to 50 mg of dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEAS) given intravenously to twelve women with low serum or urinary oestrogens. Seven of the women had PSD confirmed by other means, the remaining five had other reasons for the low oestrogen levels. In affected pregnancies the rise in oestradiol was lower, the peak occurred earlier and the level fell towards baseline at 60 min. In the unaffected women, timing of the peak value was not consistent and there was no trend towards basal values at 60 min. There was clear discrimination between the two groups at all times after the injection, but the separation was greater at 60 min. PMID- 6235987 TI - Cell-mediated immunity to hepatitis B surface antigen in man. AB - An aqueous preparation of hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccine was used as an intradermal skin test antigen to assess delayed hypersensitivity to hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). Thirty-five persons were tested including 10 individuals seronegative for all HBV markers, 10 positive for HBsAg (chronic carriers) and 15 positive for antibody to HBsAg (anti-HBs), five of whom had received the HBV vaccine. All patients were also studied for lymphocyte blastogenic responses to phytohaemagglutinin, concanavalin A, pokeweed mitogen and purified HBsAg. Only one individual had a positive delayed skin test reaction to HBsAg. This person had received the HBV vaccine and had high titres of anti-HBs in serum. However, neither this individual nor any other subject exhibited a positive lymphocyte blastogenic response to HBsAg in vitro. Thus, delayed hypersensitivity skin test reactivity to HBsAg was not detected after natural infection with HBV and was rarely present in hyperimmunized individuals. In vitro assays of immune responsiveness failed to demonstrate cellular immunity to HBsAg even in hyperimmunized persons. These studies provide no evidence that cell-mediated immunity to HBsAg plays a role in the immunopathogenesis of acute or chronic type B hepatitis. PMID- 6235988 TI - Tumour-induced suppressor macrophages in rats: differences in their suppressive effects on the Con A and PHA responses. AB - Spleen cells obtained from ACI rats bearing a syngeneic hepatoma (9098) (TBR spleen cells) showed a strongly depressed mitogen responses to concanavalin A (Con A) and to phytohaemagglutinin-P (PHA) at various concentrations of the tested mitogens. The activity of suppressor cells in TBR spleens was demonstrated in mixtures with normal spleen cells where a marked depression of the mitogen response was observed. The properties of tumour-induced suppressor cells were adherent to plastic or nylon wool, phagocytic, and radioresistant (maybe macrophages). The Con A response of TBR spleen cells was more completely restored than was the PHA response after the removal of adherent or phagocytic cells. The suppression when TBR spleen cells (2,000 rad) were added to normal spleen cells at 0, 24, and 45 h after culture initiation was greater in the PHA response than in the Con A response. The PHA assay appeared to be more sensitive method than the Con A assay for the detection of suppressor cell activity in tumour bearing rats. PMID- 6235989 TI - In vitro correction of a deficiency of Con A-induced suppressor cell function in primary biliary cirrhosis by a pharmacological concentration of colchicine. AB - Patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) have been previously reported to have immunoregulatory abnormalities. We tested the effect of in vitro colchicine on PBC patients' suppressor cell function in order to determine whether colchicine can correct their suppressor cell deficiency. PBC patients' mononuclear cells were cultured for 44 h with concanavalin A (Con A) as well as with or without colchicine at a pharmacological concentration (10(-8)M) or at a suprapharmacological concentration (10(-5)M) and then tested for their ability to suppress proliferation of phytohaemagglutinin stimulated healthy volunteers' mononuclear cells. Eleven PBC patients had significantly (P less than 0.001) decreased suppressor cell function (12 +/- 15%, mean +/- s.d.) as compared to 37 healthy volunteers (43 +/- 12%). The suprapharmacological concentration of colchicine did not significantly affect the PBC patients' suppressor cell function (16 +/- 15%). In contrast, in the nine PBC patients tested with the pharmacological concentration of colchicine, their suppressor cell function was increased to 40 +/- 20% which was significantly different than without colchicine (P less than 0.01) or with the suprapharmacological concentration of colchicine (P = 0.02) but not significantly different than healthy volunteers. Thus, in vitro colchicine at a pharmacological concentration corrects PBC patients' deficiency of Con A-induced suppressor cell function raising the possibility that oral colchicine might be clinically useful as an immunomodulating drug in PBC. PMID- 6235990 TI - Humoral and cellular immune response of the rat to immunization with bee venom. AB - Lewis rats were immunized with bee venom allergen in Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA) or with FCA only. Animals immunized with bee venom developed specific IgG antibodies but no specific IgE antibodies were detected. Lymphocytes from lymph nodes when cultured with antigen in vitro showed an increased stimulation index from day 17 onwards. A concomitant augmentation of T suppressor cells was observed; the T helper/T suppressor cell ratio declined from 4.5:1 before immunization to 1:1 from day 5 onwards. PMID- 6235991 TI - Phorbol ester treated chronic B lymphocytic leukaemia cells induce autologous T cell proliferation without generation of cytotoxic T cells. AB - The ability of the tumour promoter 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) to modify the stimulatory capacity of leukaemic B cells in autologous mixed leucocyte reactions (AMLR) was studied. T lymphocytes from patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) did not proliferate when stimulated with untreated autologous non-T cells. In contrast, vigorous 3H-thymidine incorporation was seen in six of eight cases when CLL stimulator cells were pre-incubated for 3 days with TPA. No cytotoxic T cells against TPA treated or untreated autologous target cells were generated in such AMLR. These results indicate that enhancement of AMLR stimulatory capacity may be among the characteristic features of TPA driven in vitro differentiation of CLL cells. PMID- 6235992 TI - Bone marrow transplantation in man. Analysis of T and B cell functions in PWM driven Ig production. AB - The functional activity of B and T lymphocytes from the blood of eight patients, who had successfully been treated with allogeneic bone marrow for severe aplastic anaemia or acute leukaemia, was studied in pokeweed mitogen (PWM) driven polyclonal immunoglobulin synthesis. Activity of B cells was measured as IgM and IgG synthesis by a standard number (40 X 10(3] of patient lymphocytes in the presence or absence of healthy donor T cells. In addition, the frequency of PWM reactive B cells, giving rise to IgM and/or IgG producing daughter cells, was estimated by limiting dilution analysis. With this method, it was found that only a small percentage (1-3%) of peripheral blood B cells from healthy individuals is reactive to PWM. In the patients, both parameters for B cell reactivity were decreased during the first 40 weeks after bone marrow transplantation. As parameters for T cell activity, help and suppression on the Ig production by healthy donor lymphocytes were tested. In most patients, T helper cell activity was strongly decreased, whereas some patients had excessive T suppressor cell activity. The observed functional activities were only partially correlated with the marker profile of the T cell populations, as detected by reactivity with monoclonal antibodies. Each patient had a distinct, individual pattern of reconstitution of these functions. There was no positive correlation between Ig production in vitro and the capacity to form antibodies in vivo, nor between the other in vitro findings and clinical features, such as the occurrence of infections or graft versus host disease. PMID- 6235994 TI - The in vitro production of anti-nuclear antibodies by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Demonstration of T cell requirement and soluble inducing factor(s) for anti-nuclear antibodies triggering in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of 29 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and 14 normal individuals were investigated for the in vitro production of anti-nuclear antibodies (ANA). Twenty-eight of 29 SLE patients but only one control spontaneously produced ANA in unstimulated PBMC. Pokeweed mitogen induced ANA synthesis in six controls. No detectable ANA was observed in B cell enriched fraction except in two cases of SLE. Recombination of B + T cell enriched fractions and PBMC supernatants from SLE patients could induce B cells to synthesize ANA. These results indicate that: (1) SLE patients spontaneously produced ANA in vitro whereas controls rarely did; (2) autoreactive clones exist in normal individuals but are kept under control and (3) T cell help is required for ANA triggering. PMID- 6235993 TI - Flare-up of antigen-induced arthritis in mice after challenge with intravenous antigen: effects of pre-treatment with cobra venom factor and anti-lymphocyte serum. AB - Intravenous injection of methylated bovine serum albumin (mBSA) into mice with unilateral chronic mBSA-induced arthritis (AIA) causes a flare-up of the joint inflammation without affecting the contralateral non-arthritic knee joint. We studied the mechanism of the flare-up by decomplementation with cobra venom factor (CoVF) and by treatment with anti-lymphocyte serum (ALS) prior to the induction of the flare-up. Treatment of mice with CoVF had no effect on the induction of the flare-up reaction whereas a reversed passive Arthus reaction (RPA) in the ear of similarly treated mice was clearly suppressed. The complement activity in the serum was zero at 2 h after CoVF treatment and remained for 24 h. This indicates that this type of flare-up reaction is not complement-dependent. On the other hand, the flare-up reaction was completely abolished after treatment with ALS. Control experiments revealed that ALS treatment diminished the number of lymphocytes in the peripheral blood and clearly suppressed a delayed hypersensitivity reaction in the ear, but had no effect on an RPA. These results suggest an important role of T lymphocytes in the mechanism of the flare-up of arthritis. T lymphocytes were demonstrated in the synovial tissue of chronically inflamed joints by immunofluorescence and appeared to be diminished after ALS treatment. Interaction between exogenous antigen and antigen reactive T lymphocytes present in chronically inflamed joints, may be an important principle in the exacerbation and propagation of joint inflammation. PMID- 6235995 TI - Experimental glomerulonephritis induced by human IgG in rats. AB - Experimental immune complex glomerulonephritis was induced with human IgG (HIgG) in two strains of rats, Wistar-King-Aptekman (WKA) and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). The rats were pre-immunized s.c. with 1 mg of HIgG in Freund's complete adjuvant, and 8 weeks later were given a daily i.v. 2 mg of HIgG injections for 4 weeks. Renal tissue, obtained at weekly intervals after the beginning of i.v. injections, was examined by light, immunofluorescence and electron microscopic tests. SHR developed an endocapillary proliferative glomerulonephritis with heavy proteinuria after the administration of HIgG for 4 weeks. They had massive depositions of HIgG, rat IgG, and rat C3 both in the mesangial area and along the capillary wall. On the other hand, in WKA rats, the proliferative lesions were scarcely seen and the immune deposits were observed almost exclusively in the mesangium. Moreover, urinary protein excretion of these rats was within normal range. In comparison with bovine serum albumin (BSA) nephritis in SHR, HIgG-induced glomerular lesion was relatively mild. This difference seemed attributable to the nature of the HIgG, such as its molecular weight and immunogenicity. PMID- 6235996 TI - Characterization of lymphoid cells in the thyroid of patients with Graves' disease. AB - The distribution and function of lymphoid cells has been investigated in thyroid glands obtained at operation from 16 patients with Graves' disease (GD) using a peroxidase technique to enumerate total T and B lymphocytes as well as helper and suppressor T cell subsets in tissue sections. A spectrum of lymphocytic infiltration was observed and the increase from minimal numbers of immune cells in some GD thyroids to focal thyroiditis in others appeared to be due to a rise in all the lymphoid cell types analysed and was not the result of major change in any one lymphoid compartment. T cells were diffusely distributed whereas B cells tended to occur in aggregates. Small numbers of OKT6+ cells (possibly antigen presenting cells) were observed although these were less numerous than in lymphoid organs such as tonsil. Lymphoid cell suspensions prepared from the thyroid tissue of five of seven GD individuals treated pre-operatively with propranolol synthesized thyroid autoantibodies spontaneously in culture and this synthesis was decreased in the presence of pokeweed mitogen. Since the OKT8+ T cell subset has been shown to suppress immunoglobulin production by lymphocyte cultures containing mitogen, it appears that the suppressor T cells, which are readily demonstrable in GD thyroid sections, are functional. It seems unlikely, therefore, that a defect in this type of suppression is responsible for the initiation or perpetuation of the autoimmune response to thyroid antigens in GD. PMID- 6235998 TI - Heterogeneity of human T-lymphocyte clones generated from autologous mixed lymphocyte cultures. AB - To assess the heterogeneity of T cells activated during the autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction (AMLR), a cloning procedure based on the soft agar colony assay was developed. Supernatants of allogeneic MLR cultures were used as a source of interleukin 2 (IL-2) to generate two types of colonies: upper and lower colonies. Both types of colonies were expanded in long-term cultures using supernatants of phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-activated lymphocyte cultures. Cloned cells underwent secondary proliferation when stimulated by autologous monocytes, although certain clones also responded to autologous B cells. Most autoactivated clones expressed the serological determinants of HLA-DR, MB, and MT and were OKT3+, OKT4+, OKT8-. They did not induce cytolysis of autologous monocytes, B lymphoblasts, or PHA blasts nor did they express natural killer-like activity toward K562 cells. Several autoactivated clones (irradiated with 500 R) expressed helper activity, shown by an enhancing effect on AMLR proliferation. Furthermore, many irradiated clones were capable of inducing proliferation of autologous T cells in the absence of accessory cells. These observations suggest that autoactivated clones generated from soft agar colonies may interact with autologous T lymphocytes. PMID- 6235997 TI - Comparison of pathologic and normal sera by immune complex determination: five disease groups within 190 samples are discriminated by computer-selected combinations of 13 methods. Report of the Italian committee for the study of immune complexes (WIC). AB - Pathological (190) and normal (33) sera were tested for their content of circulating immune complexes (CIC) by a battery of 13 assays performed in 11 laboratories. Statistical processing was done both by pooling all pathological samples and by extracting those falling into well-defined disease groups, i.e., rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes, lupus, melanoma, and glomerulonephritis. Highly significant correlations between methods--taken two at a time--for each disease differed in proportion (ranging from 6 to 30%) and in the pattern displayed on a checkerboard. Disease-linked patterns were also found when a function maximizing discrimination between pathological and normal samples was derived by combining the information from all methods. Here the order and the weight attributed by the computer to the methods differed for each of the disease groups. Taken together these results are interpreted as an indication that all assays may not determine the same classes of CIC, and thus vary in sensitivity depending on the prevailing properties of the complexes present in the serum, which in turn may depend on the etiology, pathogenesis, and stage of the disease. PMID- 6236000 TI - Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate: kinetics of metabolism in normal young men and women. AB - The constant infusion technique was used to study the kinetics of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) metabolism in normal young men and women. The metabolic clearance rates (MCR) (means +/- SEM) for normal young men and women were 15.2 +/- 1.7 1/24 h (8.2 +/- 0.7 1/m2/24 h) and 11.8 +/- 0.8 1/24 h (7.3 +/- 0.4 1/m2/24 h) respectively. Coupled with the plasma levels of 5.07 +/- 1.95 and 4.02 +/- 0.57 mumole/L the resulting blood production rates were 76.7 +/ 25.7 and 48.0 +/- 9.4 mumole/24 h for men and women respectively. The conversion ratios for the conversion of DHEAS to dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) were 0.006 for men and 0.004 for women. Because of the high metabolic clearance rates for DHEA relative to those for DHEAS and the high production rates of DHEAS most of the DHEA produced per day can arise from DHEAS. PMID- 6235999 TI - Comparison of the effect of a new bonding agent (Scotchbond) and the conventional bonding agent on marginal sealing in composite resins restorations. PMID- 6236001 TI - The effects of epidural injection of local anesthetics and corticosteroids on patients with lumbosciatic pain. AB - Although epidural cortisone injections are commonly used for treatment of lumbosciatic pain, insufficient critical analysis of the end result can be found in the literature. The present study is a retrospective critical analysis of 367 patients with leg pain who were engaged for a minimum of two weeks or an average of two months in multifaceted conservative management without relief of pain. Injections of 10 cm3 of 0.5% bupivacaine and 100 mg of methylprednisolone were given to inpatients treated by the same anesthesiologist. The average follow-up period was 21.4 months (range, 6-36 months). Results were analyzed according to duration of pain and history of prior lumbar spine surgery. The most favorable results (approaching 70% offd-excellent) were observed in patients with subacute radicular leg pain (of less than three months' duration) and chronic leg pain (of greater than three months' duration) with no prior surgery. Negative myelograms and electromyograms (EMGs), in the absence of reflex or motor deficits on physical examination, also pointed toward optimal results. Those patients with chronic pain who had had prior lumbar spine surgery had the least satisfactory results. PMID- 6236003 TI - The Angle of Louis. A potential pitfall ("Louie's Hot Spot") in bone scan interpretation. AB - Evaluation of 100 consecutive Tc-99m MDP bone scans revealed in 36 patients a well defined area of increased accumulation of radiotracer at the Angle of Louis- the palpable ridge along the anterior surface of the sternum at the fibrocartilaginous junction of the sternum and manubrium. Twenty-five of the 36 patients had comparison radiographs; all were normal. None had sternal pain or a prior history of chest trauma. Increased uptake at the Angle of Louis ("Louie's Hot Spot") is a relatively common finding (36%) and should be recognized as a normal bone scan finding. It should not be confused with increased uptake due to an osseous abnormality, i.e., metastasis, degenerative disease, trauma, etc. PMID- 6236002 TI - Quantitative sacroiliac scintigraphy. The effect of method of selection of region of interest. AB - Various authors have advocated quantitative methods of evaluating bone scintigrams to detect sacroiliitis, while others have not found them useful. Many explanations for this disagreement have been offered, including differences in the method of case selection, ethnicity, gender, and previous drug therapy. It would appear that one of the most important impediments to consistent results is the variability of selecting sacroiliac joint and reference regions of interest (ROIs). The effect of ROI selection would seem particularly important because of the normal variability of radioactivity within the reference regions that have been used (sacrum, spine, iliac wing) and the inhomogeneity of activity in the SI joints. We have investigated the effect of ROI selection, using five different methods representative of, though not necessarily identical to, those found in the literature. Each method produced unique mean indices that were different for patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and controls. The method of Ayres (19) proved superior (largest mean difference, smallest variance), but none worked well as a diagnostic tool because of substantial overlap of the distributions of indices of patient and control groups. We conclude that ROI selection is important in determining results, and quantitative scintigraphic methods in general are not effective tools for diagnosing AS. Among the possible factors limiting success, difficulty in selecting a stable reference area seems of particular importance. PMID- 6236004 TI - Abnormal hepatic artery catheter scintigraphy. Serendipitous demonstration of an occult catheter complication. PMID- 6236005 TI - Experience with home oxygen in the management of infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia. AB - We followed the clinical course of 23 infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) on home oxygen therapy during the first year of life in order to monitor patterns of growth, need for hospital readmission, and improvement in oxygenation. Oxygenation was assessed by serial, resting, awake, and room air transcutaneous PO2 (tcPO2) measurements at clinic visits. Weight gain was poor, with boys growing below the fifth percentile and girls growing at the tenth percentile. Ten of the 23 infants (43%) required rehospitalizations. There were no deaths. Fourteen of the 23 infants (61%) were taken off supplemental oxygen by 12 months corrected age, at a mean age of 7.9 months. Mean rate of improvement in tcPO2 was 3 torr/month, but wide individual variation was found. Infants off of oxygen treatment at 12 months corrected age grew at a significantly greater rate than those still requiring oxygen supplementation (p less than 0.02). Infants with right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH) by electrocardiogram tended to resolve their RVH while on home oxygen therapy. We conclude that infants with BPD on home oxygen therapy generally show steady improvement in oxygenation, but grow poorly and require frequent hospitalizations. PMID- 6236006 TI - Infant oxygen administration by modified nasal cannula. AB - In both pediatric and neonatal intensive care settings, and occasionally at home, there exists the need to deliver chronic low dose oxygen therapy to small, uncooperative patients. To be effective, a method of oxygen delivery must be both reliable and comfortable, and, at the same time, inexpensive and safe. We believe that this may be achieved by a simple modification of existing pediatric nasal cannulae. PMID- 6236008 TI - A ten-year experience with reduction mammoplasty and abdominoplasty. What is happening in our part of the world? AB - The authors update their experience with 124 reduction mammoplasties (including mastopexy) and 67 abdominoplasties and discuss their applications of these procedures in Turkey. In almost all cases the Strombeck procedure for mammoplasty and the Grazer and Pitanguy procedures for abdominoplasty were used. They present problems encountered in performing such operations and their solutions. PMID- 6236007 TI - Plastic surgery of the abdomen with improvement in the body contour. Physiopathology and treatment of the aponeurotic musculature. AB - The author presents the evolution of his technique of undermining the major oblique musculature to reduce the diameter of the waist and also reduce the diameter of the superior abdomen by resecting cartilage from the seventh and eighth ribs when the anterior projection is exaggerated. Treatment of the aponeurotic muscle wall plays an important role in obtaining good aesthetic results because this wall will serve as a base for the cutaneous tegument upon healing. PMID- 6236009 TI - Effect of rinsing with a 1.5% hydrogen peroxide solution (Peroxyl) on gingivitis and plaque in handicapped and nonhandicapped subjects. PMID- 6236010 TI - Inability to prove instability. A critical appraisal of clinical-radiological flexion-extension studies in lumbar disc degeneration. AB - In two groups of patients with low back pain radiological flexion-extension studies were made (one in the standing position, the other in the lateral decubitus position), and the degree of mobility and location of instantaneous centres of motion determined between L2 and the sacrum. The study failed to demonstrate distinctly abnormal patterns of motion ('instability'). The main reason is that such problems, as shown in the biomechanical laboratory, are not reproduced in the clinical setting. Smaller abnormalities will remain undetected because of measurement errors of the method, making differentiation between normal and abnormal motion virtually impossible. PMID- 6236011 TI - Lymphocyte subpopulations in Hodgkin's disease and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and the effects of radiotherapy. AB - Examination of peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets in untreated patients with Hodgkin's disease and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma revealed depressed ratios of helper/suppressor T-cells, assessed with monoclonal antibodies OKT4 and 8. Non Hodgkin's lymphoma and Hodgkin's disease patients studied from 1 to 204 months following treatment by radiotherapy also demonstrated depressed ratios, although the patients were clinically free of disease. The failure of the helper T-cells to recover following apparently successful treatment suggests that either the initial disease or the radiotherapy produces a virtually irreversible effect on T cell subpopulations. Treated Hodgkin's disease patients also exhibited a long term increase in B-cell numbers but this effect could be correlated with splenectomy performed during staging laparotomy. PMID- 6236012 TI - Diphosphonates in the evaluation of metabolic bone disease. AB - The bone scan may be of value in the assessment of patients with metabolic bone disease. However the superiority of the bone scan when compared to radiology in conditions such as renal osteodystrophy, osteomalacia, primary hyperparathyroidism, and osteoporosis requires substantiation with the newer radiopharmaceuticals which have a higher affinity for bone. Two methods of quantitating skeletal uptake of tracer have been assessed to try to remove the subjective aspect of bone scan evaluation. Measurements of bone to soft tissue ratios have proved clinically disappointing, but 24 hour whole body retention of diphosphonate appears to provide a sensitive index of increased bone turnover. PMID- 6236013 TI - Enumeration of T-lymphocytes and T-lymphocyte subsets in rheumatoid arthritis using monoclonal antibodies. AB - The number of T-lymphocytes and T-lymphocyte subsets was measured in peripheral blood of 51 patients with rheumatoid arthritis. T-lymphocytes were counted by E rosette tests and by the immunogold staining method with OKT3.PAN monoclonal antibody. Helper and suppressor T-lymphocytes were determined by the immunogold staining method with OKT4.IND and OKT8.SUP monoclonal antibody. The relative and absolute numbers of T-lymphocytes and helper T-lymphocytes in peripheral blood of patients with RA did not differ significantly from those in the blood of healthy subjects. However, the relative and absolute numbers of suppressor T-cells were significantly lower in patients with RA than in healthy subjects. The decrease of suppressor T-cells in the blood of patients with RA dit not correlate with the activity of the disease nor the presence of the rheumatoid factor. PMID- 6236014 TI - The effect of low doses of prednisolone on the traffic of T helper-inducer cells in rheumatoid arthritis. AB - The effects of a single dose of 5 and 10 mg of prednisolone on the kinetics of lymphocytes and T lymphocyte subsets were investigated in patients suffering from active rheumatoid arthritis. Six hours after intake of 10 mg of the drug a significant drop in total lymphocyte count, total T-cell numbers and T-helper cell numbers was recorded. The values returned to baseline values within 24 hours. Intake of 5 mg of prednisolone depressed total T-cell count and more particularly the absolute numbers of T-helper cells. No statistically significant changes occurred in T suppressor-cytotoxic cell traffics. The influence on the kinetics of T-helper cells was responsible for a significant decrease of helper/suppressor ratios in the intravascular compartment. PMID- 6236015 TI - Eluted rheumatoid synovial tissue T cell subsets and HLA-DR bearing cells at different stages of fractionation. AB - By using monoclonal antibodies of the OK series in the indirect immunofluorescence technique we wanted to enumerate T cell subsets and HLA-DR bearing cells of patients with classical rheumatoid arthritis after the cells were eluted from rheumatoid synovial tissue and at different stages of two cell fractionation procedures. The procedures were an overnight incubation on plastic flasks or a brief (7 min) fractionation on nylon wool columns, both followed by Isopaque-Ficoll gradient centrifugation. 70-90% HLA-DR+ cells and 15-30% T3+ (T cells) were initially observed. Plastic flask incubation and gradient centrifugation reduced the mediam number of HLA-DR+ cells to 55% while the number of T3+ cells increased to 60-75%, the number of T4+ (helper/inducer T cells) and T8+ (cytotoxic/suppressor T cells) usually being about equal. The other fractionation procedure left essentially the same relative proportions of cells bearing these markers even though the cell yield was 5-10 times greater than for the plastic flask fractionation. About 30% of the T cells were calculated to bear HLA-DR antigens, indicating local activation in vivo. PMID- 6236016 TI - Myelography--a case for audit. AB - The radiographic findings and clinical outcome of 54 patients having a myelogram at the request of the Department of Rheumatology over a period of five years are described. Fortynine of the patients had either clinical features of an intervertebral disc protrusion or chronic back pain of obscure aetiology. Abnormalities which could have accounted for the symptoms and signs were found in 28 of these. Although useful information was obtained in regard to therapy the investigation did not lead to surgical treatment in any of the patients without clinical evidence of lumbar root compression. No unexpected malignancies were found. Morbidity was common, but usually mild. PMID- 6236017 TI - Performance capacity of trunk muscles in ankylosing spondylitis. AB - The comparative results of four tests (a dynamometer, a single and a repetitive dynamic and a static test) to determine the performance capacity of trunk muscles in ankylosing spondylitis are reported. Seventeen men and four women, aged 31 to 35 yrs, were examined. Trunk muscle performance was compared with the flexion mobility of the spine and ESR. The best correlation between muscle capacity of trunk extensors and spinal mobility was seen in the static trunk extensor test. The best correlation between muscle capacity of trunk flexors and spinal mobility was seen in the single dynamic test. Because the comprehensive exercise therapy including muscle strengthening is supported by our results and there is no generally recommended test for evaluating the performance capacity of trunk muscles, it seems reasonable to develop such tests of trunk muscles for clinical assessment of ankylosing spondylitis. Clinical trials to ensure the positive effect of well trained trunk muscles in ankylosing spondylitis are still lacking. PMID- 6236018 TI - Papular mucinosis, destructive arthropathy, median neuropathy, and sicca complex. AB - A patient with papular mucinosis (scleromyxedema) developed an erosive seronegative rheumatoid-like arthropathy, carpal tunnel syndrome, sicca complex, and marked increase in TG(OKT8) suppressor/cytotoxic circulating T-cells akin to that reported in scleroderma. Sclerodactyly, acrolysis and stiff digits were striking but other features of scleroderma, i.e., Raynaud's and esophageal hypoperistalsis, were absent. The diagnosis of papular mucinosis, a pseudoscleroderma syndrome, should be considered in a patient with atypical arthritis, median neuropathy, myopathy, and/or sclerodactyly and a papular lichenoid dermatopathy. Skin mucin stain and the demonstration of the distinct serum paraprotein (PM-spike) are confirmatory. We stress the salient diagnostic clinical features of the leonine-like facies of papular mucinosis. PMID- 6236019 TI - Isolated sacroiliitis as monosymptomatic form of ankylosing spondylitis--a possible cause of chronic back pain. AB - In a retrospective analysis of 770 cases of ankylosing spondylitis or allied disorders 146 patients (19 percent) were found to have isolated sacroiliitis without involvement of the spine. The mean disease duration of isolated sacroiliitis was 11.9 years. The conclusions were based on anamnestic, clinical and radiological data. Of those patients with isolated sacroiliitis 29 percent were female, compared to 11 percent of female patients with typical spinal disease. Cases restricted to the sacroiliac joints for a longer period can be observed frequently in younger patients and may be regarded as an abortive and monosymptomatic form of ankylosing spondylitis insofar as other seronegative spondarthritides can be excluded. PMID- 6236020 TI - Uric acid metabolism in two patients with coexistent Down's syndrome and gout. AB - Two patients with coexistent Down's syndrome and gout are described. Although increased serum urate levels are frequently reported in Down's syndrome, only a few such patients have been described with concomitant gout. In our patients no significant alterations of the purine salvage pathway were found, and the turnover parameters of uric acid, determined by means of a 14C-labeled uric acid study, were consistent with the metabolic findings observed in normoexcretor gouty patients. PMID- 6236021 TI - Severe vascular spasm due to erythromycin-ergotamine interaction. AB - We report a case of ergotism due to the interaction of erythromycin with a small dose of ergotamine tartrate (2 mg). Besides severe peripheral vasospasm with dysaesthesiae there was transient renal ischaemia. Recovery occurred after several weeks without sodium nitroprusside therapy. Cases previously reported in the literature are reviewed. PMID- 6236022 TI - Waldenstrom's hyperglobulinemic purpura: an unusual immune complex disorder. AB - A case of Waldenstrom's hypergammaglobulinemic purpura in a 37-year old woman is presented. The symptomatology was very mild and confined only to the skin, despite very high quantities of circulating immune complexes which were found in her serum. The unusual manifestations of Waldenstrom's purpura compared to other immune complex disorders is discussed. PMID- 6236023 TI - [Central alpha-adrenergic agonist antihypertensive drugs and renal failure]. PMID- 6236024 TI - [Notes on buprenorphine]. PMID- 6236025 TI - [Acebutolol as monotherapy of essential arterial hypertension]. PMID- 6236026 TI - [Evaluation of the clinical efficacy of sulbenicillin in the treatment of infections of the respiratory apparatus]. PMID- 6236027 TI - [Evaluation of some immunologic parameters in children with recurrent otitis treated with spores of Bacillus subtilis]. PMID- 6236028 TI - [Changes of serum lipids induced by salbutamol in patients with chronic asthmatic bronchitis]. PMID- 6236029 TI - [Blood prolactin and spermatic insufficiency]. PMID- 6236030 TI - [Therapy of rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 6236031 TI - Heat of polymerization of dimethacrylate monomers investigated by isothermal DSC measurement. PMID- 6236032 TI - Phosphoglucomutase polymorphism in the oriental fruit fly, Dacus dorsalis (Diptera, Tephritidae) from Peninsular Malaysia. AB - Seven natural populations of Dacus dorsalis were analysed for phosphoglucomutase by means of horizontal starch-gel electrophoresis. The electrophoretic phenotypes were governed by four codominant Pgm alleles. The commonest allele in all the seven population samples was PgmB which encoded an electrophoretic band with intermediate mobility. The distributions of PGM phenotype were in accordance with Hardy-Weinberg expectations. There was geographic variation in the distribution of Pgm alleles. PMID- 6236034 TI - A preliminary investigation of the information carrying potential of voluntary eye movements. AB - This paper reports the preliminary findings of a study on the information carrying potential of voluntary eye movements. An ocular communication device, originally developed at the Denver Research Institute, was used to determine how fast information can be transmitted by voluntary eye movements. The tentative findings are that: a maximum information throughput of roughly 10 bits/s is possible and the DRI device merits further development. The primary relevance of this study is to the development of communication aids for the severely handicapped. PMID- 6236033 TI - The effect of Anaplasma marginale on the glycolytic pathway in bovine erythrocytes. AB - The glycolytic process in non-infected and A. marginale-infected bovine erythrocytes was studied. The study included four enzymes: hexokinase, phosphofructokinase, pyruvic kinase and lactic dehydrogenase, and the intracellular concentrations of glucose, ATP and 2,3 diphosphoglyceric acid (DPG). The activities of phosphofructokinase and lactic dehydrogenase found in non-infected bovine erythrocytes were fifty times greater than the previously reported values. Glucose and DPG concentrations, hexokinase, pyruvic kinase and lactic dehydrogenase specific activities did not change significantly during experimental anaplasmosis. Phosphofructokinase activity in A. marginale-infected erythrocytes increased to values 300% of those found in intact bovine red cells. ATP concentration in infected erythrocytes decreased to values of 40% of those found in non-infected cells: from 1.60 +/- 0.40 to 0.70 +/- 0.08 mumole per gram of hemoglobin. PMID- 6236035 TI - The current status of fissure sealants and priorities for future research. Part I. PMID- 6236036 TI - Evaluating venous pulse and pressure to screen for cardiovascular disorders. PMID- 6236038 TI - What's available for acne and spots? PMID- 6236037 TI - Dental considerations in children with leukemia. PMID- 6236039 TI - Flow-monitoring system for high-frequency ventilation. AB - With the addition of appropriate logic circuitry and a single-board microcomputer, a thermistor flowmeter becomes a clinically useful ventilation monitor. The microcomputer calculates upper and lower reference (voltage) levels from the baseline (normal) flow signal generated by the thermistor bridge. If the flow signal fails to pass repetitively through one or both of these reference levels, visual and audio alarms are generated. Tests performed with both high frequency (3 Hz) and low-frequency (0.2 Hz) ventilator systems show the usefulness of this system in sensing a variety of malfunctions, including endotracheal tube occlusions, leaks, changes in flow or tidal volume, and hose disconnects. PMID- 6236040 TI - Fc receptors and human T lymphocytes in frozen-thawed peripheral blood cells. AB - The present study was carried out to investigate the influence of cryopreservation on human T-cell subsets defined by their membrane receptors for Fc IgM (TM) and Fc IgG (TG) and by their membrane antigens. For this purpose isolated T cells, obtained by neuraminidase-treated sheep erythrocyte (E-N) rosetting, and enriched mononuclear cells were cryopreserved using a programmed freezing procedure. A significant decrease of the TM and TG cells was found whereas the proportion of T cells and their subsets determined by monoclonal antibodies seemed not to be influenced. The effectiveness of T-cell separation by E-N rosetting of frozen lymphocytes demonstrated no impairment of the E-receptor binding capacity of T cells. The PHA reactivity of separated T cells was maintained after cryopreservation; however, the spontaneous blastogenesis was reduced significantly. The selective loss of the TM and TG cells seemed to be dependent on the length of the phase transition time; over 90 sec the capacity of the expression of Fc receptors was profoundly affected. Neither an additional 20 hr incubation after hypotonic shock prior to cryopreservation nor incubation after thawing could repair this function of T cells. The data suggest irreversible damage of the Fc receptor expression capacity on the cell membrane as a result of a disturbance of metabolic pathways rather than a preferentially greater sensitivity of these cells to cryopreservation. PMID- 6236041 TI - Ethylene oxide dermatitis. PMID- 6236042 TI - Contact urticaria and allergic contact dermatitis caused by paraphenylenediamine. AB - The following report describes a patient who had both an immediate and a delayed reaction to paraphenylenediamine (PPDA). PMID- 6236043 TI - Sputum changes associated with the use of ipratropium bromide. AB - Long-term effects of ipratropium bromide (IB) were evaluated using a double-blind cross-over design in 23 adult chronic bronchitic participants. Two 20-micrograms doses of either IB or placebo were administered as an inhalant four times a day for a period of seven weeks. Sputum volume expectorated during a 24-hour period decreased significantly (p less than 0.05) over the entire length of the study, but sputum viscosity or its dry weight were not affected. Although total number of inflammatory cells in sputum was decreased by the use of IB (p less than 0.05), macrophages increased slightly. Subjects coughed less while receiving IB, and their cough was less severe (p less than 0.05). Ipratropium bromide caused a significant improvement (p less than 0.05) in the mechanics of breathing primarily in the subjects between 46 to 55 years of age. No major adverse reaction to IB was recorded. PMID- 6236044 TI - [Treatment of renal artery stenosis following kidney transplantation]. AB - Stenoses of the renal artery occurred in 4.6% of 415 transplanted kidneys between 1969 and 1983. Most of them were caused by traumatic intima-lesions and were localised postanastomotically. The best therapeutic procedure seems to be the transperitoneal approach with widening venous patch plasty or venous bypass. The percutaneous transluminal catheter dilatation may be successful in suitable cases. PMID- 6236045 TI - [Surgical treatment of large eventrations. Study of a technic adapted to disorders of respiratory compliance]. PMID- 6236047 TI - [X-ray features of gastric grooves and areae gastricae in the normal gastric mucosa and chronic antral gastritis]. PMID- 6236046 TI - [Traumatic osteoma of the psoas muscle with disorders of spinal dynamics treated by surgical ablation]. PMID- 6236048 TI - [CT diagnosis of liver cirrhosis]. PMID- 6236049 TI - [CT diagnosis in three types of cerebrovascular diseases]. PMID- 6236050 TI - [Fine needle percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography--report of 138 cases]. PMID- 6236051 TI - [Gray scale ultrasonography in the diagnosis of space-occupying lesions of the liver]. PMID- 6236052 TI - [Pathologic basis and diagnostic value of pleural indentation in bronchogenic carcinoma]. PMID- 6236053 TI - [Application of selective bronchoarteriography in managing massive hemoptysis]. PMID- 6236054 TI - [Significance of angiographic visualization of the meningeal branches of the ophthalmic artery in the diagnosis of meningioma--analysis of 52 cases]. PMID- 6236056 TI - [Femoral arteriography in thromboangiitis obliterans: report of 35 cases]. PMID- 6236055 TI - [Epidurography in the diagnosis of vertebral disk herniation]. PMID- 6236057 TI - [The relationship between juxtapapillary diverticulum and biliary-pancreatic diseases: an endoscopic and radiologic study]. PMID- 6236058 TI - [Radiologic analysis of 103 cases of acute hemorrhagic necrotizing enteritis]. PMID- 6236059 TI - [Mach band phenomena in cholecystography--analysis of 122 cases]. PMID- 6236060 TI - [Tomography of the petrous portion of the temporal bone]. PMID- 6236061 TI - [Radiotherapy of intraluminal esophageal carcinoma: analysis of 84 cases]. PMID- 6236062 TI - [Evaluation of 113mIn-DTPMP and 99mTc-MDP for bone scanning]. PMID- 6236063 TI - [Areae gastricae:correlation between pathologic and radiologic study on 50 surgically resected specimens of human stomach]. PMID- 6236064 TI - [Effect of the membrane potential on the rate of ATP hydrolysis in submitochondrial particles]. PMID- 6236065 TI - Dermatological problems with synthetic resins and plastics in glues. Part I. AB - In order to understand the medical implications of using adhesives a few remarks are made concerning forces which may be active in bonding two materials. Knowledge about the exact chemical composition of adhesives is essential for understanding possible untoward dermatological effects which are to be expected if the transition from a viscous to a solid state is based on chemical reactions between chemically active constituents. A number of examples are given about cited or suspected dermatologically untoward effects in using various types of glues and dental composite restorative resins. PMID- 6236067 TI - [Burns caused by cement mortar (based on expert opinion)]. AB - A 35-year-old farmer with scars on his right arm, following erosion obviously due to wet cement (case of an expert opinion), was examined. Cement water had continuously soaked his shirt while he was planing a freshly applied wet cement ceiling with his right arm upwards. The cement did not contain special additives, so the normal alkalinity of wet cement and occlusion effects caused the erosion. The farmer sued the manufacturer of the cement for damages because of missing warning notices. The court decided in his favor. PMID- 6236066 TI - [Contact dermatitis caused by bergamot oil]. AB - This report is on two patients with contact allergy to bergamot oil, which owing to the volatility of its individual components could only be determined by patch tests after skin stripping. One is a case of occupational disease related to the patient's job in a perfume factory warehouse, and the other is obviously a case of sensitization due to cosmetics. In the former instance patch-test results were positive to alpha-pinene and beta-pinene, and in the latter to citral and alpha pinene. As could be expected, contact allergy to turpentine oil was confirmed in the first case, whereas the actual eczematogenic in the second case, in which turpentine oil was negative, may have been citral. PMID- 6236068 TI - Influence of food intake on the bioavailability of zimeldine and its active metabolite, norzimeldine. AB - The possible influence of concomitant food intake on the bioavailability of the novel antidepressant zimeldine and its active metabolite norzimeldine was assessed in ten healthy female volunteers, who ingested a single dose of 200 mg zimeldine on an empty stomach and together with a standardized breakfast of 1 840 kJ. The plasma concentrations of zimeldine and norzimeldine were measured by a selective modern liquid chromatographic technique. Neither the peak concentration nor time to reach peak concentration nor elimination half-life nor the total area under the curve (AUC) of zimeldine was affected by concomitant food intake. For norzimeldine, the peak concentration showed a 10% reduction, but there was no change in any other parameter. Thus, the bioavailability of zimeldine and of its active metabolite norzimeldine is unaffected by food intake, suggesting that the drug need not be taken in a strictly defined relation to meals. PMID- 6236069 TI - [Treatment in a heparin-induced skin reaction with a low-molecular heparin analog]. AB - Deep vein thrombosis in the leg and pelvis was seen in a 26-year old woman during the seventh month of pregnancy. 20 days after initial administration of heparin sodium, a local, markedly progressing erythema and induration was observed at the subcutaneous injection sites. The same cutaneous reactions occurred after application of heparin calcium. Following oral anticoagulation treatment with phenprocoumon, the patient was treated towards the end of pregnancy and directly post partum with a low-molecular semisynthetic heparin analogue without any side effects. The skin test again showed good tolerance of another heparin analogue and a low-molecular heparin. PMID- 6236070 TI - [Caries and gingivitis prevention with handicapped children and adolescents. II. Structure of the preventive program and the intermediate results after a year]. PMID- 6236071 TI - [Changes in the adrenal activity in Selye hypertension induced by immobilization stress with physical loading]. PMID- 6236072 TI - [Changes in the enzyme activity of the hypertrophied myocardium in hypertension and physical loading with exposure to acute hemodynamic stress]. PMID- 6236073 TI - Periovarian adhesions following ovarian wedge resection or laparoscopic biopsy. AB - The purpose of this paper is to describe the formation of periovarian adhesions after ovarian bilateral wedge resection or laparoscopic biopsy. Twelve patients with polycystic ovaries and infertility had bilateral ovarian wedge resection and second-look laparoscopy after a mean of 33 months. On the other hand, twenty-four patients with various menstrual disorders had laparoscopic ovarian biopsy and subsequent second-look after a mean of 8.8 months. Ninety-two per cent of the patients who had wedge resection had some periovarian adhesions, and in three cases the adhesions were extensive enough to produce mechanical infertility. Pregnancy occurred in four patients despite the presence of filmy or moderate adhesions. The patients who had laparoscopic ovarian biopsy were found to be free of periovarian adhesions during the second-look ovarian visualization. We conclude that ovarian resection should be reserved for nonresponders to a nonsurgical approach of anovulation, and ovarian biopsy when properly done is not followed by periovarian adhesions. PMID- 6236074 TI - Enhancing activity of rat tissue extracts for induction of lambda prophage by L azaserine. AB - We studied the effect of rat tissue extracts on induction of lambda prophage in Escherichia coli (lambda) by L-azaserine. Hepatic and pancreatic extracts, primarily the cytosolic fraction, markedly increased the rate of induction. Hepatic extracts from lipotrope-deficient rats were somewhat more active than extracts from normal rats. The enhancing activity in normal rat hepatic cytosol was partially characterized. It reduced by about one-half the dose of azaserine required for a given purpose. The enhancement was increased by preincubating the bacterial cells with cytosol; cells retained the effect after cytosol was removed. Enhancing activity was inhibited strongly by the amino acids phenylalanine, tryptophan, and tyrosine; to lesser extents by leucine, methionine, and serine; and not at all by proline or glutamine. It was eliminated by dialysis of the cytosol and reduced by omission of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP) from the reaction mixture. Heating the cytosol to 60 degrees C or 80 degrees C or varying the pH of the reaction mixture from 6 to 8 had no significant effect. Treating the cytosol with trypsin appeared to release an inhibitor of the activity. Glutathione, cysteine, and beta mercaptoethanol also enhanced lambda induction by azaserine, but the cytosolic activity was not affected by the thiol-inactivating compound diethylmaleate (DEM). The results suggest that factors in cytosol interact with bacterial cells to facilitate transport of azaserine into the cells, primarily through the aromatic amino acid transport system. A small molecule, not a free thiol compound, appears to be involved. It may serve to establish reducing conditions protective for azaserine, the probable mechanism of action of sulfhydryl compounds. PMID- 6236075 TI - Activity of lysosomal hydrolases in plasma at term and post partum. AB - The activity and isoenzyme pattern in plasma of beta-hexosaminidase (abbreviated Hex) and four other lysosomal hydrolases (alpha-fucosidase, beta-glucuronidase, alpha-hexosaminidase, alpha-mannosidase) were studied in 50 women at term and in 10 women at various intervals during the first 6 days after parturition. All hydrolases had elevated activity at term, compared with controls. After parturition the activity of alpha-mannosidase returned to the normal level within 2 days and that of Hex, beta-glucuronidase, and alpha-hexosaminidase within 6 days; alpha-fucosidase having a slightly elevated activity even at the end of this period. Isoenzyme analysis by isoelectric focusing was informative only in the case of Hex. Thus, the increased activity of Hex at term was mainly due to an increase in the isoenzyme form(s), with pI(s) between 5.6 and 6.8. The enzyme pattern of Hex during pregnancy and post partum observed in this study seems to have certain similarities to the previously noted enzyme pattern of Hex in acute ethanol intoxication and following withdrawal of ethanol. As lysosomal membranes are labilized by elevated levels of steroids, it is of interest to note that high levels of these hormones are found in plasma both at term and in chronic liver disease. PMID- 6236078 TI - Kinetic mechanism of a flavonol-ring-B O-glucosyltransferase from Chrysosplenium americanum. AB - The kinetic mechanism of a flavonol-ring-B O-glucosyltransferase from Chrysosplenium americanum was investigated. Substrate interaction kinetics for the flavonol and UDPG gave converging lines, which were consistent with a sequential bireactant binding mechanism. They also showed substrate inhibition with respect to the flavonol. Intercept and slope replots were linear and gave a KA of 250 microM and a KB of 10 microM. Product-inhibition studies showed competitive inhibition between UDPG and UDP (KiQ 20 microM) and non-competitive inhibition between the flavonol substrate and its glucoside (KiP 1 mM). Kinetic patterns were consistent with an ordered bi-bi mechanism, where UDPG is the first substrate to bind to the enzyme and UDP is the final product released. The high KiP value, as compared with that of KB, indicates that the reaction is not inhibited by the glucosylated products formed and conforms with the accumulation of flavonol glucosides in C. americanum. PMID- 6236077 TI - Interferon as an adjuvant for hepatitis B vaccination in non- and low-responder populations. AB - To determine the effect of interferon on the production of antibodies against hepatitis B virus, recombinant alpha-interferon was added only to the fifth vaccine injection in a non-responder group and to all three initial vaccine injections in a low-responder group. In the non-responder group, 27% of the hemodialysis patients, 7% of the renal transplant patients, and both medical staff members tested developed low serum concentrations of anti-HBs (less than 25 mU/ml). Whereas in the low-responder group 60% of the hemodialysis patients developed the same amount of antibodies as a placebo group of comparable patients (greater than or equal to 25 mU/ml), 78% of the renal transplant patients showed a 25% higher antibody concentration than a placebo group (half less than 25 mU/ml;half less than 50 mU/ml). According to these preliminary findings alpha interferon may have an adjuvant effect on hepatitis B vaccination. PMID- 6236076 TI - Sex hormone profiles of premenarcheal athletes. AB - Female gymnasts have a delayed onset and probably retarded progression of puberty. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that the delay in onset of puberty in gymnasts as compared to girl swimmers is modulated by a lower estrone level due to a smaller amount of body fat. The sex-hormone and gonadotropin levels of 46 gymnasts and 37 girl swimmers of the same biological maturation (breast development: M = 1 or M = 2) were studied. In each subject the following hormones were measured in plasma: estrone, 17-beta-estradiol, DHEAS, testosterone, androstenedione, LH, and FSH. In prepubertal children (M = 1) the levels of estrone, testosterone, and androstenedione were lower in the gymnastic group as compared to the swimming group. In the early pubertal (M = 2) gymnastic and swimming groups these hormone levels were no longer different. The other hormone levels were not significantly different in either the prepubertal groups or the early pubertal ones. Within the total prepubertal group there is a clear relationship between the estrone levels and the levels of testosterone and androstenedione, but not between estrone and 17-beta-estradiol, nor between the calculated fat mass and any of the hormone levels. It appears that the androstenedione and testosterone levels are responsible for the difference in estrone level, rather than the amount of body fat. PMID- 6236079 TI - Different muscle-specific forms of rabbit skeletal muscle alpha-actinin. AB - The structures and functions of the two alpha-actinin isoforms [R. Kobayashi et al. (1983) Eur. J. Biochem. 133, 607-611] isolated from rabbit longissimus dorsi and psoas muscles were compared. One-dimensional and two-dimensional electrophoretic analyses showed that the two alpha-actinins were different from each other in their subunit chain weights and isoelectric points. The Stokes' radius of the longissimus dorsi and psoas alpha-actinins was 7.4 nm and 7.0 nm, respectively. The amino acid analyses showed that, although the two alpha actinins are similar in their amino acid compositions, longissimus dorsi alpha actinin contains more aspartic acid and isoleucine than psoas alpha-actinin but fewer glycine and valine residues. Analysis of the soluble tryptic peptides by two-dimensional mapping revealed that the two alpha-actinins had major differences. These data suggested that the two isoforms are the products of at least two different genes. Despite these differences, both alpha-actinins share a number of common properties. Both alpha-actinins contain a 55-kDa peptide resistant to trypsin. The two proteins show no differences in actomyosin turbidity assays. ATPase assays and F-actin binding assays of alpha-actinin activity. Immunological examination indicates that the two alpha-actinins share antigenic determinants in common. PMID- 6236080 TI - Structure and interactions of heparan sulfate proteoglycans from a mouse tumor basement membrane. AB - Various forms of heparan sulfate proteoglycan were solubilized from the mouse Engelbreth-Holm-Swarm (EHS) sarcoma by extraction with 0.5 M NaCl, collagenase digestion and extraction with 4 M guanidine. They could be separated into high (greater than or equal to 1.65 g/ml) and low (1.38 g/ml) buoyant density variants. The high-density form from the NaCl extract and collagenase digest had Mr = 130000 and So20,W = 4.5 S and contained 4-10% protein, indicating Mr = 5 000 12 000 for the protein core. This proteoglycan exhibited polydispersity as shown by rotary shadowing electron microscopy and ultracentrifugation. An average molecule consisted of four heparan sulfate chains (Mr = 29 000) each with a length of 32 +/- 10 nm. The low-density form (Mr about 400 000) could not be completely purified and contained about 50% protein. As shown by radioimmunoassay, the various proteoglycans shared similar protein cores. Labeling of the tumor in vivo or in vitro demonstrated preferential incorporation of radioactive sulfate in the high-density form. The high-density proteoglycan interacted in affinity chromatography by virtue of its heparan sulfate chains with laminin, fibronectin, the globular domain NC1 and the triple helix of collagen IV. These interactions were abolished at moderate concentrations of NaCl (0.1-0.2 M) and in the presence of heparin, chondroitin sulfate or dextran sulfate. Interactions with the globule NC1 could also be demonstrated by velocity band centrifugation in sucrose gradients and a binding constant of about 10(6) M 1 was derived. PMID- 6236081 TI - Mode of action of miconazole on yeasts: inhibition of the mitochondrial ATPase. AB - Miconazole [( 1-[2-(2,4 dichlorophenyl)-2-(2,4 dichlorophenyl)methoxy]ethyl]-1 H imidazole) completely inhibited growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida albicans on glycerol at 10 microM . 50 microM was needed to achieve the same effect during growth on glucose. Miconazole inhibited competitively the mitochondrial ATPase of S. cerevisiae with a Ki of 1 microM. F1 activity of the enzyme was not affected. Mutants resistant to miconazole were isolated. The ATPase of these mutants was resistant to 10 microM miconazole. Higher concentrations of miconazole inhibited the ATPase of the plasma membrane. The inhibition of the S. cerevisiae enzyme was competitive with a Ki of 50 microM. The results point to the mitochondrial ATPase as the primary target of miconazole action at least during growth on non-fermentable carbon sources. PMID- 6236082 TI - Conformation and domain structure of the non-histone chromosomal proteins HMG 1 and 2. Domain interactions. AB - The sequence of the 224 residues of HMG 1 suggests it consists of three domains. We have previously proposed [Cary et al. (1980 Eur. J. Biochem. 131, 367-374] that the A and B domains can fold autonomously and that there is also a small N domain. Several proteases are now found to cut at the end of the B domain (at or close to residue 184). It is shown that the A + B-domain fragment also folds and probably contains all the helix of intact HMG 1. The stability of the B domain is enhanced by the presence of the A domain. The acidic C domain undergoes a coil--- helix transition on lowering the pH. Several peptides have been prepared by cleavage at tryptophan. Peptide 57--C-terminus contains complete B and C domains but does not fold. In the absence of the A domain the C domain is thus able to destabilise the B domain. It is concluded that the stability of the B domain in HMG 1 is due to interaction with the A domain and the C domain has a separate function from the other domains. PMID- 6236083 TI - Distinction of the roles of the two high-affinity calcium sites in the functional activities of the Ca2+-ATPase of sarcoplasmic reticulum. AB - The effects of trypsin digestion and low temperature on Ca2+ binding and on Ca2+ activation of ATP hydrolysis by the high-affinity transport sites of the Ca2+, Mg2+-ATPase of sarcoplasmic reticulum were examined. Sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles contain 0.7-1.1 high-affinity Ca2+ sites per 10(5) g sarcoplasmic reticulum with K = 3-5 X 10(5) M-1, as well as sites of lower affinity. The first cleavage of the ATPase with trypsin (TD1) has no effect on the binding properties of the high affinity sites. The second tryptic cleavage (TD2) decreases the affinity of the high sites to K = 3 X 10(4) M-1 with conservation of the total number of sites. The purified ATPase contains 1.6-2.0 high affinity Ca2+ sites per 10(5) g protein when measured at 23 degrees C, while at 0-4 degrees C there is approximately equal to 1 high-affinity (K = 5 - 10 X 10(5) M-1) affinity site and approximately equal to 1 intermediate-affinity (K = 3 X 10(4) M-1) site per 10(5) g. Trypsin digestion to the point of TD1 has no effect on either the number or the binding constants of the high-affinity sites. Upon TD2 cleavage, one of the sites is converted to the intermediate-affinity state, while the other remains at high affinity. After TD2 modification of the enzyme both of the sites are in the intermediate affinity state at 4 degrees C. On the basis of the binding data, several models for the roles of the Ca2+ sites in the activation of ATP hydrolysis are derived. The results are summarized by a scheme in which the two high-affinity Ca2+ sites are heterogeneous with respect to sensitivity to temperature and to TD2 modification. The results of this and a previous study [Scott, T. L. and Shamoo, A. E. (1982) J. Membr. Biol. 64, 137-144] indicate that while occupation of either of the two Ca2+ sites can stimulate ATP hydrolysis, the site which is sensitive to TD2 is essential for the coupling of hydrolysis to Ca2+ transport. PMID- 6236084 TI - Thrombin and activators of protein kinase C modulate secretory responses of permeabilised human platelets induced by Ca2+. AB - Addition of thrombin enhances secretion of both [14C]serotonin and beta-N acetylglucosaminidase induced by Ca2+ in human platelets rendered permeable by exposure to intense electric fields. Enhancement of beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase secretion by thrombin results from an increase in the maximal extent of the response with no significant change in the median effective concentration EC50 for Ca2+. In contrast, thrombin shifts the dose/response curve for Ca2+-induced [14C]serotonin secretion to the left and has little effect on the maximal extent of this response even when this extent is reduced by use of a non-saturating concentration of MgATP2-. The relationship between extent of response and [MgATP2 ] is similar for secretion of [14C]serotonin and of beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase in the presence or absence of thrombin. Similar nucleotide specificities are also observed. Activators of protein kinase C have previously been shown to mimic quantitatively the effect of thrombin on [14C]serotonin secretion induced by Ca2+ [D. E. Knight & M. C. Scrutton (1984) Nature (Lond.) 309, 66-68]. Such activators have the same qualitative effect as thrombin on the properties of beta-N acetylglucosaminidase secretion induced by Ca2+ but are less effective. The EC50 for thrombin observed for enhancement of [14C]serotonin and beta-N acetylglucosaminidase secretion is in the same range as that obtained for intact platelets under comparable conditions [D. E. Knight, T. J. Hallam & M. C. Scrutton (1982) Nature (Lond.) 296, 256-257]. The EC50, and the specificity of response, observed for activators of protein kinase C in these systems are consistent with those reported previously for the purified enzyme. Addition of 1 10 microM Ca2+ to permeabilised platelets in the presence of [gamma-32P] ATP causes marked enhancement of 32P incorporation into polypeptides of molecular mass 20 kDA, 45 kDA and 66 kDA. No additional polypeptides become phosphorylated in this system when thrombin is added together with 10 microM Ca2+, but some increase is observed in the extent of phosphorylation of the 45-kDa polypeptide. Addition of 1-oleyl-2-acetylglycerol + 1 - 2 microM Ca2+ causes enhanced phosphorylation of the 45-kDa polypeptide and to a lesser extent of the 20-kDa polypeptide. The dose/response curves for Ca2+-dependent phosphorylation of the 45-kDa polypeptide in the presence and absence of 1-oleyl-2-acetylglycerol are similar to those observed for Ca2+-dependent [14C]serotonin secretion under these conditions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6236085 TI - Enzymatic glucosylation of dolichol monophosphate and transfer of glucose from isolated dolichyl-D-glucosyl phosphate to ceramides by BHK-21 cell microsomes. AB - Enzymatic glucosylation of dolichol monophosphate (dolichol-P) from UDP-D [3H]glucose was studied using the microsomal fraction of BHK-21 cells. The reaction product was separated by preparative thin-layer chromatography, further purified by DEAE-cellulose acetate column chromatography, and characterized as dolichyl-beta-D-glucosyl phosphate (Dol-P-Glc). The microsomal fraction of BHK cells catalyzed the incorporation of glucose from UDP-[3H]glucose into ceramides (endogenous and exogenous) and Dol-P; both reactions required Mn2+. Maximal glucosylation of Dol-P was achieved at pH 5.6-5.8 in the presence of a non-ionic detergent, Zonyl A. Glucosylation of exogenous Dol-P, from UDP-Glc, was non competitively inhibited by exogenous ceramides. Incubation of Dol-P-[3H]Glc or Dol-P-[14C]Glc with liposomes (containing ceramides) and the microsomal fraction of BHK-21 cells resulted in the formation of a radioactive glucolipid which comigrated with the same RF value as glucosylceramide (Glc-Cer) on silica gel thin-layer chromatography. Transfer of [14C]glucose from Dol-P-[14C]Glc to exogenous ceramides was confirmed by double-labeling techniques. The pH dependence for transfer of radio-labeled glucose from Dol-P-[3H]Glc to ceramides was multi-phasic (optima at pH 4.0 and 7.0); glycosylation occurred within 5 min and Zonyl A was absolutely essential for the transfer reaction. These results indicate that Dol-P-Glc may also participate in the synthesis of ceramide hexosides. PMID- 6236086 TI - 67Ga-binding substances in abscess and normal tissues. AB - Abscess-induced animals and normal animals were treated with 67Ga-citrate. Abscess, kidney, heart, lung, and spleen were excised and homogenized. After removal of the nuclear fraction, each of these homogenates was digested with protease. After digestion, the supernatants of the reaction mixtures were applied to a Sephadex G-100 column. Resultant eluates were analyzed for radioactivity, protein, uronic acids, and sialic acids. Sodium sulfate-35S was administered to animals that were then treated by the same procedure as that followed for animals treated with 67Ga-citrate. In abscess, kidney, lung, heart, and spleen, sizeable amounts of 67Ga had been bound to the sulfated acid mucopolysaccharides with molecular weights of about 10,000, and to the sulfated acid mucopolysaccharides, a species whose molecular weights exceeded 40,000. Based on the results presented here, it is clear that 67Ga-binding substances in abscess and also in the above four organs are sulfated acid mucopolysaccharides. PMID- 6236089 TI - The induction of oxazolone-specific T suppressor afferent cells in mice by hapten modified isologous IgG. AB - Injection of isologous 4(ethoxymethylene)-2-phenyl-oxazolin-5-one (oxazolone; OX) substituted thymocytes or OX-labeled IgG (OX-IgG) into mice produces specific unresponsiveness in which immunization with homologous (OX), but not heterologous (picryl chloride), hapten on the skin does not result in significant contact sensitization. However, while injection of OX-substituted thymocytes triggers suppressor cells which inhibit the effector stage of contact sensitivity reaction, OX-IgG induces cells which suppress exclusively the afferent stage of reaction. In contrast to OX-IgG, OX-substituted F(ab')2 fragments, IgM, and albumin are ineffective. T suppressor afferent cells have Ly-2 and I-J surface markers and their precursors are resistant to cyclophosphamide treatment and adult thymectomy. We assume that T suppressor afferent cells recognize antigen in conjunction with intact IgG molecules, although the exact mechanism is unclear. PMID- 6236087 TI - Bone infarction in children with sickle cell disease: early diagnosis and differentiation from osteomyelitis. AB - An early differential diagnosis between bone infarction and osteomyelitis in sickle cell patients is practically impossible using routine laboratory methods. Twenty radioisotope studies in sickle cell patients during vaso-occlusive crises, were analyzed. A three stage process can be described. In the first stage a decreased uptake can be demonstrated by Tc 99m methylene diphosphonate (MDP) bone scanning. In osteomyelitis, an increased uptake area is usually seen at this early stage, corresponding to increased uptake in Ga-67 citrate scanning. At the second stage, approximately a week later, normal uptake can be seen. Two to four weeks later an area of increased uptake is recorded that corresponds to the healing process, stage three. We recommend therefore Tc 99m MDP bone scanning in the early stages if clinical signs and symptoms suggest a vaso occlusive crisis or osteomyelitis in a sickle cell patient. This study can be followed by a Ga-67 citrate scintigraphy in doubtful cases. Later studies should be used for the assessment of the healing process. Two illustrative case reports are included. PMID- 6236090 TI - Preservation of the helper and suppressor/cytotoxic T-lymphocyte phenotype in continuous culture. AB - The objective of the present investigation was to culture helper or suppressor/cytotoxic T cell subsets after extensive purification in interleukin 2 containing medium to determine whether phenotype changes for OKT4/91d6- or OKT8/Leu-2a-defined antigens do occur with prolonged culture. Repeated and sequential analysis of such polyclonally activated cultured T cells documented stability of the OKT4/91d6+ and OKT8/Leu-2a+ phenotype. Both populations could be considerably expanded in culture. However, mixing experiments revealed a growth advantage of the OKT8/Leu-2a+ subset. A significant number of cells expressing both phenotypic markers was not detectable. While cultured T cells promoted on interleukin 2 were stable for expression of these functionally important differentiation markers, additional studies on activation antigens revealed high numbers of Tac+ cells at an early time of culture and decreasing numbers during further incubation. The expression of Tac antigen preceded the exponential expansion of the culture. In contrast, the number of cells bearing Ia determinants steadily increased with prolonged culture. PMID- 6236091 TI - Self- and allo-specific suppressor T cells evoked by intravenous injection of F protein. AB - The liver/serum protein F appears to inactivate clones reactive towards itself in the T helper cell but not the B cell compartment. To examine the extent of self reactivity in the T suppressor cell compartment, the well-established procedure of i.v. injecting milligram doses of the protein was used. To detect suppression, an entirely in vitro proliferation assay was devised, based on use of immunopurified F antigen. In this way T suppressor cells could be detected after activation either by allogeneic F, or (though to a lesser extent) by self-F protein. Thus the T suppressor cell compartment contains potentially self reactive clones, and to that extent the receptor repertoire of T suppressor cells overlaps with B rather than T helper cells. PMID- 6236088 TI - Leukemic cell differentiation in childhood leukemias. Analysis by enzyme markers. AB - Enzyme marker analysis has become a valuable tool in leukemia research, especially as a part of the so-called multiple marker analysis which combines several disciplines for characterization of leukemia cells. In this study the qualitative activities of three enzyme markers were determined in leukemic cells from pediatric patients with acute leukemias: acid phosphatase (E.C. 3.1.3.2), carboxylic esterase (E.C. 3.1.1.1) and hexosaminidase (E.C. 3.2.1.30). The leukemia subtypes displayed different types of isoenzyme patterns. No additional isoenzyme was found that was not observed in normal blood cells, nor a single isoenzyme specific for a leukemia subtype. The biochemical profiles illustrated the existence of subsets in cALL, T-ALL and AML. The enzymologic polymorphism and the immunologic heterogeneity seen in leukemia subclasses have led together to an extended classification scheme of leukemias as well as to model schemes of normal hematopoietic cell differentiation. Despite former and constantly published assumptions there are still no specific markers of leukemia cells. PMID- 6236093 TI - Diffusible factors are responsible for differences in nuclease sensitivity among chromatins originating from different cell types. AB - We have examined the kinetics of nuclease digestion of chromatin from committed and uncommitted cells in experiments where the nuclei are mixed and co-digested. Cultures of the sea urchin, Arbacia punctulata, were grown to the 16-cell stage in either [3H]thymidine or [14C]thymidine and the macromere, mesomere, and micromere cell types separated. After isolation, sets of nuclei with two different blastomere types (each having different radionucleotide tagging) were mixed and co-digested with micrococcal nuclease or DNase. I. The extent of digestion was monitored by solubility in 5% perchloric acid (PCA). We find no significant differences in initial digestion rates or limit digests among the different cell types when co-digested with either nuclease. Differences in nuclease sensitivity observed when nuclei are digested separately are abolished when nuclei are probed in a mixing experiment. The results support the hypothesis that phenotypic differences in digestibility among different cell types in vitro reflect differences in chromatin-condensing factors which can diffuse between nuclei. PMID- 6236092 TI - [Increase in litter size and decrease of post-implantation loss of fetuses observed in an SPF colony of Wistar-Imamichi rats]. AB - The number of delivered offspring, corpora lutea and implantation sites was observed in an SPF colony of Wistar-Imamichi rats bred in a barrier system free of specified microorganisms and parasites and was compared with that of rats bred under conventional conditions. The litter size of 6142 SPF rats ranged from 1 to 20, averaging 12.4 +/- 0.04, a value significantly higher (P less than 0.001) than that of conventionally bred rats (11.0 +/- 0.04). Although the number of corpora lutea was also higher in SPF rats than under conventional conditions, the number of post-implantation losses in SPF rats with less than 10 offspring showed a marked decrease compared with conventionally bred rats. These results show that the number of delivered offspring is higher in SPF rats than in conventionally bred rats and indicate that the increase in litter size is due to the increase in the number of corpora lutea and decrease in post-implantation loss of embryos of fetuses. PMID- 6236094 TI - Increase of basal cell membrane area of the retinal pigment epithelium in experimental diabetes. AB - Stereological analysis of electron micrographs of the pigment epithelium of rats with drug-induced diabetes demonstrated an increase of plasma membrane surface area at the basal aspect of the cells. In none of the diabetic animals examined was there any evidence of breakdown of the blood-retinal barrier to the protein tracer, horseradish peroxidase. Statistically significant increases in basal plasma membrane length and surface density (surface area per unit cell volume) were measured in both streptozotocin and alloxan-injected rats after four weeks of diabetes. When hyperglycemia in streptozotocin-injected rats was promptly reversed by transplantation of normal pancreatic islets, the increase of membrane surface area did not occur. We conclude, therefore, that increased basal surface area of pigment epithelial cells is related to the diabetic condition rather than to a toxic action of the diabetogenic agents. Furthermore, increased membrane surface area was present in streptozotocin-diabetic rats killed after six months of diabetes indicating that the structural change is relatively stable. Relation of basal membrane alteration in the pigment epithelium to any functional disturbance of the barrier cell layer or of the retina in diabetes remains to be established. PMID- 6236095 TI - Effects of ipratropium bromide and fenoterol aerosols on exercise tolerance. AB - Twelve male patients with radiological evidence of pulmonary emphysema performed progressive exercise tests on a cycle ergometer. Ipratropium bromide (Ip) 40 micrograms, Fenoterol (Fen) 400 micrograms, their combination (Ip/Fen) and Placebo were administered from metered-dose inhalers in a double-blind crossover study to compare the effects on ventilation (VE), heart rate (fc) and oxygen uptake (VO2) at rest and at maximal and sub-maximal workloads. There were no significant differences in resting VE (p greater than 0.05) between the 4 treatment regimes. During submaximal exercise, VE at a given workload was greater after Fen containing treatment regimes than after Ip alone or placebo. There was no significant difference in the maximal workload achieved after the active treatments compared with placebo. With respect to fc and VO2, there were no differences between treatments at rest or on submaximal or maximal exercise. Fenoterol produces a mild stimulation of VE during exercise as observed with other beta-agonists, but compared with the changes in resting vital capacity, functional residual capacity and residual volume, the bronchodilator induced changes in exercise variables were relatively small. PMID- 6236096 TI - Nonselective motor innervation of intrafusal fibers in muscle spindles of the rat. AB - Distributions of motor axons to different types of intrafusal fiber were reconstructed from serial 1-micron thick transverse sections of six poles of muscle spindle in the rat soleus. Motor axons innervated (dynamic) bag1 fibers, or (static) bag2 fibers in conjunction with chain fibers. However, approximately forty percent of axons that supplied the spindles synapsed on both bag1 and bag2 or bag1 and chain fibers. The significance of this co-innervation of dynamic and static intrafusal fibers is discussed relative to the general organization and function of mammalian spindles. PMID- 6236097 TI - System identification of human stretch reflex dynamics: tibialis anterior. AB - System identification methods have shown that the stretch reflex in the human ankle extensor (triceps surae, TS) may be modeled as velocity feedback via a single, short latency pathway containing a uni-directional rate-sensitive nonlinearity. Evidence of differences in the reflex organization in flexors and extensors led us to use the same methods to examine stretch reflexes in the ankle flexor (tibialis anterior, TA). Five normal subjects maintained a tonic contraction of TA while subjected to repeated, stochastic perturbations of ankle position. Position, torque, and smoothed, rectified EMGs from TA and TS were recorded and ensemble averaged over 25 stimulus presentations. Linear impulse response functions relating TA EMG to ankle velocity were then determined. The results confirmed the existence of significant differences between stretch reflexes in TA and TS. In particular: 1. TA impulse response functions were characterized by two distinct peaks of excitation separated by a period of inhibition. The impulse response function amplitude increased with increasing mean torque and decreased with displacement amplitude although the sensitivity of the two peaks to these changes was different. This was interpreted as suggesting that TA stretch reflexes involve two separate pathways both involving muscle spindle information. 2. TA stretch reflexes modulate tonic activity much less than do those in TS. 3. The strong uni-directional rate-sensitive nonlinearity seen in TS was not present in TA. The functional significance of these differences remains to be determined. PMID- 6236098 TI - Heterogeneity of the chicken ALD muscle: evidence for a minor, twitch fiber type. AB - Examination of the anterior latissimus dorsi muscle of the chicken using histochemical, immunofluorescent, and ultrastructural techniques revealed the presence of a minor muscle fiber type which was similar but not identical to the fast-twitch fibers of the posterior latissimus dorsi muscle. Heterogeneity of muscle fiber type appeared within the 1st week after hatching. PMID- 6236099 TI - Changes in fusimotor outflow during vibration-induced contraction of triceps surae muscles in decerebrate cats. AB - Changes in fusimotor outflow in medial gastrocnemius and lateral gastrocnemius plus soleus nerves were investigated during vibration-induced contraction of triceps surae muscles in decerebrate cats. A sustained increase in spike occurrence appeared in 33 of 58 investigated neurons, and a decrease in 13. Transient changes of an opposite sign occurred in 19 excited and 6 inhibited fusimotor neurons during the rising phase of reflex muscle contraction. The later changes appeared coincidently with silence in the electromyogram. Thus the discharge of one-third of the examined fusimotor population directed to the triceps surae muscles was modulated parallelly with that of the skeletomotor neurons. It is supposed that the changes in fusimotor spike occurrence during the rising phase of reflex muscle tension are induced mainly by changes in afferent input from muscle spindle primary endings and/or Golgi tendon organs. We could not ascertain whether the different responses (excitation vs inhibition) are related to fusimotor type or to changes in transmission through the reflex pathways. The possible influence of the changes in fusimotor outflow on muscle spindle pause and the silent period in skeletomotor discharge at the beginning of reflex muscle contraction induced by vibration is considered. PMID- 6236100 TI - On the binding of steroid sulfates to albumin. AB - 3H-Labeled steroid sulfates, sulfate of estrone (E1S) or dehydroepiandrosterone (DHAS), were dialyzed against delipidated human serum albumin or human plasma in the presence of increasing amounts of competing non-labeled sulfates (DHAS or E1S). The apparent equilibrium constants (K) of the tracers did not measurably change at concentrations of the non-radioactive sulfates below 10(-5) mol/l. At higher concentrations, K decreased gradually. The apparent equilibrium constant of 3H-E1S was diminished by plasma in a similar fashion. It may be concluded that albumin possesses one strong, non-specific binding site. This site, however, does not seem to be utilized for the binding of E1S in vivo, because of its preferential occupation by other ligands. This may be true for other steroid sulfates as well, depending on their relative abundance in plasma. PMID- 6236101 TI - Characterization of the third component of pig complement and its utilization in a C3b receptor study. AB - The third component of the pig complement system (C3) was isolated in hemolytically active form and characterized. The C3 component is a beta-globulin with the molecular weight of 191,000 and is composed of 2 non-identical polypeptide chains of Mr 112,000 and 74,000. The isolated C3 can be used for the detection of the C3b receptor on the membranes of heterologous peritoneal macrophages. PMID- 6236102 TI - Mass spectral identification of the blocked N-terminal tryptic peptide of the ATPase inhibitor from beef heart mitochondria. AB - The presence of a formyl blocking group at the N-terminus of the ATPase inhibitor has been identified and the partial sequence of the N-terminal peptide has been determined by fast atom bombardment and field desorption coupled to mass spectrometry. Minor discrepancies in amino acid sequence of the inhibitor between the present and published data [(1981) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 78, 7403-7407] are reported and its relationships with other inhibitors are briefly discussed. PMID- 6236103 TI - Effects of vanadate on intracellular Ca2+ redistribution and hexose transport across plasma membrane in cultured mouse fibroblasts. AB - The effects of vanadate on intracellular Ca2+ sequestration and hexose transport were studied in Swiss 3T3 cells. Vanadate inhibited ATP-dependent Ca2+ uptake by saponin-permeabilized Swiss 3T3 cells at 10(-5) and 10(-7) M Ca2+ at which the Ca2+ uptake was sensitive and insensitive to oligomycin plus antimycin A, respectively. On the other hand, vanadate stimulated 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2DG) uptake in a dose- and time-dependent way. The stimulation of 2DG uptake by vanadate was inhibited by EGTA plus A23187 and the inhibition was reversed by Ca2+ restoration. These results suggest that an increase in cytosolic Ca2+ by inhibition of intracellular ATP-dependent Ca2+ sequestration by vanadate results in the stimulation of hexose transport in Swiss 3T3 cells. PMID- 6236104 TI - [Seborrhea]. PMID- 6236105 TI - Maternal-paternal histocompatibility: lack of association with habitual abortions. AB - Class I human leukocyte antigens (HLA-A, -B) and class II (HLA-DR) antigens were determined in 60 and 30 carefully selected couples with multiple abortions, respectively. The study group was compared with fertile couples with no history of abortion and with a control group consisting of randomly matched women and men from our laboratory cell panel. No significant deviation from the calculated control mating frequencies was observed in the group with habitual abortions. When the study and control couples were grouped by ethnic origin into Ashkenazim and non-Ashkenazim, the frequencies of shared HLA-A, -B, and -DR antigens were similar in both groups. These results do not confirm the observations of greater HLA compatibility between partners of aborting couples reported by other laboratories. Moreover, the results of an informative family in which the woman, after three consecutive spontaneous abortions, conceived and bore a healthy male infant genotypically HLA-identical to his mother are presented. Taken together, these results challenge the concept that compatibility in determinants of the major histocompatibility complex have a major role in habitual abortions. PMID- 6236107 TI - Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. PMID- 6236106 TI - [Adrenal cortical and ovarian functions of healthy inhabitants and iron deficiency anemia patients in an arid zone adapting to mountain conditions]. PMID- 6236108 TI - [Pharmacological actions on the activity of muscle spindles induced by electrostimulation of the pericruciate cortex in the cat]. AB - In anesthetized cats, effects of a number of neuroactive substances on results of local electrical stimulation of the motor (field 4) and supplementory motor (field 6) cortex were studied in intra - and extrafusal elements of the foot flexors. Flaxedil in subparalytic doses blocked selectively the contractions of extrafusal fibers whereas facilitating effects on activity of muscle afferents from the fields 4 and 6 were preserved which attests a possibility of cortical regulation of the gamma-system irrespective of alpha-motoneurons. Nembutal (5 mg/kg) rapidly suppressed the cortico-fugal excitatory effects which was easily opposed by bemegride. Aminasine (3-5 micrograms/kg) completely and for a long time blocked the cortical-motoneuronal influences. The cortico-reticular projections, anatomically well developed in cats, are supposed to be an essential component of the systems originating in the field 4 and particularly field 6. PMID- 6236109 TI - The hepatitis B vaccine: responsibilities of the dentist/employer. PMID- 6236110 TI - Influence of selenium sulphide on hair lipids in seborrhoea oleosa. PMID- 6236111 TI - Silent dentistry. PMID- 6236112 TI - Solcoderm in the treatment of solar and seborrheic keratoses. AB - Solcoderm treatment was applied to 46 patients with solar keratosis and 40 with seborrheic keratosis. Evaluation at regular follow-up over a 10-week period showed disappearance of the lesions without any remnant in most cases. Treatment was found to be effective, convenient, and with essentially no side effects. PMID- 6236113 TI - T-cell subsets in acne rosacea lesions and the possible role of Demodex folliculorum. AB - Skin biopsy specimens from 4 patients with typical acne rosacea lesions were examined for the presence of T-cell subsets using monoclonal antibodies. The infiltrates consisted chiefly of LEU-1 reactive T cells with a predominance of LEU-3a antibody positive helper-inducer T cells, while LEU-2a staining suppressor cytotoxic T cells were scarce. These cells penetrated regularly into the follicular wall and the epidermis. The study showed that most T cells in the dermal granulomatous infiltrates around Demodex parts, which were displaced extrafollicularly, were helper-inducer T cells. The predominance of helper inducer T-cell subsets in the dermal infiltrates of acne rosacea lesions in frequent association with Demodex supports the hypothesis that a cell-mediated immune response plays an important role in the pathogenesis of rosacea. PMID- 6236114 TI - Mycosis fungoides. Peripheral T cell subsets defined by specific monoclonal antibodies. AB - Peripheral blood lymphocytes from 16 mycosis fungoides (MF) patients were studied using OKT series monoclonal antihuman T cell antibodies. The percentage of OKT3+ cells was in normal range for all MF patients compared with controls; the percentage of OKT4+ cells was significantly increased (p less than 0.002) in MF patients versus controls; the percentage of OKT8+ and OKT11+ cells in the MF group did not differ from controls. The OKT4+ cell expansion was apparently not dependent from the clinical stage of disease. These findings suggest that in MF patients there is a circulating OKT4+ cell expansion and, indirectly, that MF could be regarded as a helper T cell neoplasm. PMID- 6236115 TI - Trimethylmethoxyphenyl-retinoic acid (Ro 10-1670) and lymphocyte DNA synthesis activity in vitro. AB - Trimethylmethoxyphenyl-retinoic acid (TMMPRA), the main active therapeutic form of etretinate, was used for in vitro studies on human lymphocytes. Lymphocyte DNA synthesis remained unchanged when TMMPRA was added to the cultures at a concentration range of 1.25-25 micrograms/ml culture medium. No modulatory activity of the drug on DNA synthesis was seen on cultured lymphocytes stimulated by lectins (phytohemagglutinin, pokeweed mitogen, concanavalin A) or by a mitogen selective for a T lymphocyte subpopulation, phorbol myristate acetate. Concanavalin A induced T suppressor cell activity tested toward the proliferative response to allogeneic stimuli was lowered by TMMPRA. The results indicated that TMMPRA alone or in the presence of lectins or phorbol myristate acetate did not inhibit or stimulate DNA synthesis activity in vitro but that the drug could lower T suppressor cell activity. PMID- 6236116 TI - [Determination of circulating lymphocyte subpopulations in atopic dermatitis using monoclonal antibodies]. AB - Monoclonal antibodies were used to determine the level of circulating helper and suppressor T cells in 34 infants and adults with severe atopic dermatitis and in normal controls. The percentage of OKT3 (total T lymphocytes) was reduced significantly in all the atopic infants. The percentage of OKT8 (suppressor cytotoxic T lymphocytes) was reduced significantly in all patients with active lesions. The percentage of T gamma lymphocytes was reduced in all the atopic patients with or without active lesions. PMID- 6236117 TI - Activation of phosphofructokinase and pyruvate kinase by 6 phosphogluconate in chicken liver (Gallus domesticus): no evidence for a regulatory role. AB - Phosphofructokinase and pyruvate kinase in crude extracts of chick liver were activated by 6 phosphogluconate at subsaturating concentrations of their respective substrates. The apparent Ka for phosphofructokinase was 0.79 mM and for pyruvate kinase 0.44 mM. Total pentose phosphate dehydrogenase activity was low in the livers of both fed and starved chicks. Hepatic 6 phosphogluconate concentration was too low to be measured accurately by a conventional spectrophotometric method. It is concluded that the concentration of 6 phosphogluconate is too low for it to have a role in the regulation of phosphofructokinase and pyruvate kinase activities in chicken liver. PMID- 6236118 TI - The role of thymic immunity and insulitis in the development of streptozocin induced diabetes in mice. AB - This article is concerned with the role of thymic immunity in the development of diabetes experimentally induced by multiple injections of subdiabetogenic doses of streptozocin (STZ). Euthymic +/+, +/nu, and athymic nu/nu mice of CD-1 and BALB/cAJcl origin were studied. Daily intraperitoneal (i.p.) injections of 30 mg/kg body wt of STZ for 5 consecutive days in CD-1 +/+ and +/nu mice resulted in hyperglycemia and mononuclear cell infiltrations of islets (insulitis). The CD-1 nu/nu mice developed neither insulitis nor hyperglycemia after the same treatment. In the nu/nu mice, when thymic immunity was restored by thymus grafting, both insulitis and hyperglycemia developed, thus demonstrating that thymic immunity was a prerequisite for the development of insulitis and hyperglycemia. There was a positive correlation among the degrees of thymic immunity, insulitis, and hyperglycemia in CD-1 +/nu, nu/nu with thymus grafts, and nu/nu mice, indicating that thymic immunity may amplify the diabetogenic effect of STZ by eliciting insulitis. In contrast, in BALB/cAJcl mice, a nonsusceptible strain to insulitis, no significant differences in plasma glucose levels were observed between the +/nu and nu/nu or between the nu/nu and thymus grafted nu/nu mice. Furthermore, no significant difference was found in plasma testosterone levels between the +/nu and nu/nu mice of both CD-1 and BALB/cAJcl origin. In conclusion, our data indicate that thymic immunity enhances the diabetogenic effect of STZ by eliciting insulitis in susceptible mice. PMID- 6236119 TI - Immunoregulatory T-lymphocyte subset deficiency in newly diagnosed type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus. AB - Humoral and cell-mediated disorders in Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes suggest that an imbalance of immunoregulatory T-cell subsets exists. In 23 newly diagnosed (onset less than 3 months) and 21 long-standing Type 1 diabetic patients, T lymphocyte subsets were analyzed using monoclonal antibodies (OKT3, OKT4, OKT8, OKM1). The newly diagnosed patients showed a reduction with a significant difference from healthy controls in total T cells (OKT3+: 58.1 +/- 8.5% versus 70.7 +/- 8.0%), helper/inducer cells (OKT4+: 33.8 +/- 7.0% versus 47.1 +/- 8.3%), suppressor/cytotoxic cells (OKT8+: 18.5 +/- 7.3% versus 32 +/- 6.8%) and monocytes (OKM1+: 11.5 +/- 3.8% versus 19.9 +/- 5.2%) (p less than 0.001). The long-standing diabetic patients also revealed a low number of immunoregulatory T cells compared with control subjects, although to a lesser extent (p less than 0.01-0.05). The helper/suppressor ratio (OKT4+/OKT8+) was higher in newly diagnosed patients than in control subjects (2.2 +/- 1.3 versus 1.5 +/- 0.3; p less than 0.02). When compared with 95% tolerance limits in the control subjects, the reduction of OKT8+ cells in the newly diagnosed diabetic patients appeared more marked: the mean (18.5%) coincided with the lower limit of normal subjects (18.3%). Ten of the newly diagnosed Type 1 diabetic patients had a value below the normal lower limit. Out data point to the occurrence of different immunoregulatory abnormalities in newly diagnosed Type 1 diabetic patients, especially in OKT8+ and OKT4+ cells. The imbalance in T lymphocyte subsets is further proof of the role of cellular autoimmunity in the pathogenesis of the early phases of Type 1 diabetes. PMID- 6236120 TI - Tubular lesions in streptozotocin-diabetic rats. AB - Renal tubular lesions have been studied in streptozotocin-diabetic rats after 50 days of diabetes and compared with age-matched controls. The kidney weight increased by 67% in the diabetic animals and the length of the proximal tubules increased by 22%, but no abnormalities were found. The length of the distal tubules increased by 20% and the total increase was due to abnormal distal tubules. These abnormalities were confined to the cortex and the outer stripe of the outer medulla, but they were not seen in the inner stripe of the outer medulla. Abnormal cells were found also in the distal tubular cells of the macula densa. The total length of the collecting ducts was the same in the two groups and the cells appeared normal. The cells of the abnormal distal tubules appeared either empty or full of a PAS-positive material, digestable with alpha-amylase. At the electron microscope level, the cytoplasm of the cells contained glycogen like granules, strikingly few organelles and the basal infoldings were greatly reduced. It is suggested that these tubular lesions might play a role in the development of renal functional changes in diabetes. PMID- 6236121 TI - Distribution of 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase during development of the rat adrenal cortex and capsule. AB - Fibroblasts of the adult adrenal cortex are considered to be nonsteroidogenic connective-tissue cells. However, it has been reported that in response to regenerative stimuli, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), and transformation to malignancy, these cells acquire characteristics of parenchymal cells, which includes delta 5, 3 beta-hydroxysteroid-dehydrogenase (delta 5, 3 beta-HSD) activity. To determine whether such delta 5, 3 beta-HSD activity in adult adrenocortical fibroblasts was due to the activation or augmentation of gene expression normally occurring during embryogenesis, a histochemical study of adrenocortical development, with particular attention to the connective-tissue capsule, was undertaken. Cryostat sections of rat embryos, from 14-days postconception (PC) to birth, and of adrenal glands 1-8, 44 and 90 days after birth were tested histochemically for delta 5, 3 beta-HSD. The same or adjacent sections were stained for PAS-positive material and reticulin, and with hematoxylin and eosin. delta 5, 3 beta-HSD activity overlapped with fibroblast like cells and with extracellular connective-tissue components in the periphery of the glands from day-17 PC onward. delta 5, 3 beta-HSD activity over the capsule diminished shortly after birth and was absent in the adult. Appropriate controls showed that the staining within the capsule was specific and not an artifact. 3 beta-HSD activity in the capsule was more intensive when dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) was replaced by etiocholan-3 beta-ol-17-one (ETIO) as the steroid substrate. Furthermore, the spatial distribution of 3 beta-HSD activity in the cortex differed depending on the substrate used, and the distribution patterns changed with developmental age. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6236122 TI - [Active immunoprophylaxis of type B viral hepatitis]. PMID- 6236123 TI - [Treatment of biliary tract infections with norfloxacin]. PMID- 6236124 TI - [Prostatic concentrations of norfloxacin using HPLC]. PMID- 6236126 TI - Tolerance induction in tumor-specific effector T cells by presensitization with tumor antigens via the intragastric route. AB - The present study deals with the influence of presensitization with tumor antigens via the intragastric route on the development of syngeneic tumor specific immunity. Tumor-specific T cell-mediated immunity could be induced in C3H/He mice by intradermal inoculation of syngeneic X5563 tumor cells, followed by the surgical resection of the tumor 7 days later (immunization procedure). However, when the mice were presensitized intragastrically (ig) with 10(8) X irradiated (10,000 R) tumor cells for four consecutive days, these mice failed to show in vivo protective immunity even after the above immunization procedure. Winn assays performed with spleen cells from mice presensitized ig with X5563 tumor cells revealed that ig-induced suppression was specific for the tumor antigen used for the presensitization, and that suppressor cell activity was not detected in the induction or implementation of in vivo tumor-specific effector cell activity. It was also demonstrated that such unresponsiveness was accompanied by failure to develop delayed-type hypersensitivity and cytotoxic T cell responses to X5563 tumor antigens. These results are discussed in the light of the effect of presensitization with tumor antigens via inappropriate routes on the subsequent induction of in vivo tumor-specific immunity and in relation to the tumor escape mechanism which could occur in gastrointestinal cancers. PMID- 6236125 TI - [Norfloxacin: a new oral chemotherapeutic agent effective against multi-drug resistant Gram-negative bacteria and cocci. Rational directions for treatment]. PMID- 6236127 TI - [Chlamydia trachomatis--laparoscopy specimen-taking and diagnosis of salpingitis]. AB - To determine the microbiological aetiology of salpingitis, swab specimens for chlamydial cultures from the fimbriae and cul-de-sac were obtained by means of a new laparoscopic instrument in 47 patients with salpingitis. Due to technical problems with the new method, 19 women were lost for evaluation; however, eight of the remaining 28 (28.6%) had positive chlamydial cultures. No other bacteria were found in the cul-de-sac fluid. Laparoscopy was used in 45 additional patients to aspirate cul-de-sac fluid. Chlamydia trachomatis was found in three women (6.7%), Bacteroides fragilis and Staphylococcus epidermidis in one each. PMID- 6236128 TI - Skin pigmentations. PMID- 6236129 TI - Characterization of Ca2+ release from the cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum. AB - The characteristics of Ca2+ release in relation to Ca2+ binding were studied in sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles isolated from canine myocardium. The Ca2+ binding appeared to be dependent on ATP as a 4 fold increase in Ca2+ binding was observed upon the addition of ATP. In the presence of a suboptimal ATP concentration (20 mumol/l; without ATP regenerating system) a rapid release of Ca2+ started within 2 min. The rate of Ca2+ release was increased by increasing the concentration of Ca2+ in the preincubation medium when studied by diluting preloaded vesicles in medium free of Ca2+ and ATP; an apparent saturation was reached at 5 mmol/l Ca2+ but Ca2+ release again increased between 5 and 10 mmol/l Ca2+. High pH (8.0) enhanced the Ca2+ release process. When Ca2+ loaded vesicles were treated with various phospholipases and proteases, an enhanced Ca2+ release was observed in comparison to the control values. The release of Ca2+ was also increased by pharmacological agents like caffeine, ether and halothane. The Ca2+ release rate was stimulated by the p-chloromercurybenzoate treatment, which decreased ATP dependent Ca2+ binding and Ca2+-stimulated ATPase activities of the sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles. The effect of temperature when evaluated by Arrhenius plots showed a higher energy of activation of Ca2+ release (66.15 kJ/mol) in comparison to that for Ca2+ binding (41.03 kJ/mol). These results indicate that, although Ca2+ release and Ca2+ binding activities of the cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum appears to be related, Ca2+ release is probably a distinct process and is controlled differently. It seems that the Ca2+ release site in sarcoplasmic reticulum membranes is lipoprotein in nature. PMID- 6236130 TI - [Characteristics of the Gd- alleles discovered in a population check of pupils in the city of Kostroma]. AB - The population study of distribution of G-6-PD alleles among normal Russian school-children of Kostroma town was carried out. In total, 952 children were examined, 429 girls and 523 boys (from 7 to 18 years old). The frequency of Gd- alleles is 0.36%. Two Gd- alleles discovered in this study belong to the III class. One of them was characterized according to the WHO programme. This allele designated "Kostroma" has not been described earlier. PMID- 6236132 TI - [Improved sanitary inspection at coke chemical plants]. PMID- 6236131 TI - [Basic aspects of a health protection program for workers and employees in a machine-building enterprise]. PMID- 6236133 TI - [Stress resistance of students who do and do not engage in physical exercises]. PMID- 6236134 TI - [Sanitary protection of the Kura River]. PMID- 6236135 TI - [Hygienic assessment of the working conditions of workers in a nonferrous metallurgy plant]. PMID- 6236136 TI - [Main problems of occupational hygiene in roofing in construction works]. PMID- 6236137 TI - [Differential diagnosis of acute pain in the pelvic region]. PMID- 6236138 TI - [Facial plastic surgery in Down's syndrome]. PMID- 6236140 TI - The sensitizing potential of metalworking fluid biocides (phenolic and thiazole compounds) in the guinea-pig maximization test in relation to patch-test reactivity in eczema patients. AB - The sensitizing potential of seven industrial antimicrobial agents was evaluated using the guinea-pig maximization test. Preventol O extra (o-phenylphenol) did not produce a sensitization reaction. Preventol ON extra (sodium salt of o phenylphenol), Preventol GD (dichlorophene) and Proxel XL and HL containing 1,2 benzisothiazolin-3-one were weak sensitizers, while Preventol CMK and Preventol L, both containing chlorocresol, were classified as extreme potential sensitizers. Both the weak and the extreme experimental sensitizers are occasional human sensitizers. The interpretation of the test results is discussed. PMID- 6236139 TI - [Intraoperative transluminal coronary angioplasty]. PMID- 6236141 TI - Clinical studies on plasma fibronectin and its biological, immunological characteristics. PMID- 6236142 TI - Left ventricular cellular hypertrophy in pressure- and volume-overload valvular heart disease. AB - To determine the dependence of myocyte hypertrophy in chronic valvular heart disease on the site and type of lesion, the myocardium was studied from 11 patients with either pressure-overload hypertrophy (PO; four patients with aortic stenosis and two with mixed aortic stenosis/insufficiency) or pure volume overload hypertrophy (VO; two patients with mitral regurgitation and three with aortic insufficiency). These patients, all without coronary artery disease, died zero to 34 days after valve replacement surgery. Diameters of 25 longitudinally oriented myocytes in the circular midwall myocardium were measured with a calibrated light microscope eyepiece reticle on each of five transmural, transverse, histologic sections from the apical, anterolateral, posterolateral, anteroseptal, and posteroseptal left ventricle. Statistical analysis by modified two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) demonstrated that mean myocyte size (based on 125 measurements) varied widely among cases but was not statistically different among sites. The myocyte diameter for PO lesions (25.9 +/- 1.1 micron, mean +/- SEM) was significantly greater (P less than 0.05) than that for pure VO lesions (20.4 +/- 0.7 micron), despite equal relative heart weights (measured/predicted from body weight: 2.5 +/- 0.2 [mean +/- SD] versus 2.5 +/- 0.5). This study suggests that 1) cellular hypertrophy in valvular heart disease occurs uniformly throughout the left ventricular myocardium; and 2) mean myocyte diameters are greater in PO than in VO hypertrophy for equivalent cardiac enlargement. PMID- 6236143 TI - Erythrocyte phosphoglucomutase: a family study of a PGM1 deficient allele. AB - We have observed a large Mexican American family segregating for a low activity allele at the phosphoglucomutase-1 locus. The deficient allele is detectable by starch gel electrophoresis and by direct activity determination. The presence of the deficient allele in either the homozygous or heterozygous condition is not associated with any other phenotypic finding. PMID- 6236144 TI - Cytochemical and biochemical studies on neutrophil alkaline phosphatase in parents of trisomy 21 children. AB - A study of karyotypes and neutrophil alkaline phosphatase (NAP) was carried out for 66 parents (33 couples) of trisomy 21 children and for 60 control parents (30 couples). Enzyme activity was determined simultaneously by biochemical and cytochemical techniques. In the mothers of trisomy 21 children we found: (a) by biochemical techniques, a significant increase of NAP activity in polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) homogenates (P less than 0.01) and a lower supernatant/pellet ratio (P less than 0.01); (b) by cytochemical techniques (with or without thermal and urea treatments) NAP activity was significantly higher (P less than 0.001) than in control mothers; in the fathers, the two techniques gave normal NAP activity results. PMID- 6236145 TI - Target antigen of monoclonal reagent S5.7: comparison with T3 antigen. AB - S5.7 recognizes a 20 kD cell surface protein which is present on T lymphocytes. S5.7 binds to a nonglycosylated protein, which can be labeled by cell-surface radioiodination and by a hydrophobic reagent [125I]-iodo-5-naphthyl-1-azide (INA). As the T-lymphocyte-specific T3 complex was found to contain a nonglycosylated 20 kD species, and since this 20 kD T3 form can be labeled preferentially by INA, a comparison between T3 and S5.7 was made. Isoelectric focusing experiments showed, however, that the two proteins are different. Moreover, the S5.7 monoclonal antibody does not block CML, is not mitogenic, reacts with immature cells of several hemopoietic lineages, and differs in that respect from anti-T3 monoclonal antibodies. PMID- 6236146 TI - Increased expression of the IgE Fc receptors on rat macrophages induced by elevated serum IgE levels. AB - Macrophages (M phi) from rats with elevated serum IgE levels induced by (i) Nippostrongylus brasiliensis (Nb) infection, (ii) IgE-secreting plasmacytoma IR 162, or (iii) i.p. injection of purified rat IgE, and M phi from normal animals cultured in the presence of 10 micrograms/ml IgE were analysed for Fc IgE receptors (Fc epsilon R) expression. To detect Fc epsilon R-bearing cells, a rosette assay employing fixed ox erythrocytes coated with rat IgE was used. With undersensitized indicator cells a significantly (P less than 0.002) greater number of M phi from animals having elevated serum IgE levels or of M phi cultured in the presence of IgE formed IgE rosettes than M phi from normal donors. The IgE rosettes were IgE class-specific, since they were inhibited by rat IgE in a dose-dependent manner, but not by any other rat Ig class, heat denatured rat IgE or human IgE. The modulating effect of Fc epsilon R expression on M phi was IgE specific, because neither rat IgG nor heated rat IgE induced increased IgE rosette formation. Furthermore, elevated serum IgE levels did not increase the expression of Fc receptors for IgG subclasses. Studies of 125I-IgE binding showed that alveolar macrophages (AM phi) from Nb-infected rats bind IgE with similar affinity (Ka 1.1 X 10(7) M-1) as AM phi from normal animals, but they have increased numbers of IgE binding sites. Collectively, the results demonstrate that in vivo and in vitro elevated serum IgE concentrations induce increased IgE rosette formation as a result of a marked increase in the number of Fc epsilon R per macrophage. PMID- 6236147 TI - Clonal analysis of helper and effector T-cell function in neonatal transplantation tolerance: clonal deletion of helper cells determines lack of in vitro responsiveness. AB - Mice rendered tolerant at birth of H-2 alloantigens display concordant in vivo and in vitro phenotypes: they fail to reject skin grafts bearing the tolerated antigens, and their lymphoid cells fail to participate in tolerogenspecific mixed lymphocyte reactions (MLRs) and cell-mediated lympholysis (CML). Tolerant animals normally reject third-party skin allografts and develop positive MLRs and CML to third-party antigens. It has been suggested that clonal deletion of antigen reactive cells is the basis for this spectrum of responses. To investigate further the basis for the lack of in vitro alloreactivity, we conducted limiting dilution studies with lymph node cells from adult mice tolerant of various H-2 disparities. When the frequencies of (a) cells responding to the tolerogen in MLR and (b) interleukin-2-producing cells against the tolerogen were determined, it appeared that both types of cells were functionally deleted, that is, the frequency of cells responding to tolerogen-bearing stimulator cells was identical with that of cells stimulated with syngeneic cells. On the assumption that cells from H-2 tolerant mice are deficient in helper cell activity toward the tolerogen, we performed CML cultures under conditions in which exogenous help was provided in the form of supernatants derived from concanavalin A stimulated rat spleen cell cultures. Lymphoid cells from H-2 tolerant mice generated significant cytotoxicity toward the tolerogen under these conditions, although the absolute level of killing was reduced compared with that of cells from normal mice. Limiting dilution assays confirmed that Tc precursors were present in tolerant mice, and that they were reduced to less than 10% of normal numbers; however, tolerogen-specific Tc precursors were present in frequencies significantly greater than self-reactive Tc precursors. These data indicate that a deletion mechanism operates in neonatal transplantation tolerance to reduce the clone size of all three categories of functional T cells assayed, but that its efficiency is greatest among cells destined to provide specific T-cell help. The absolute functional deletion of helper cells determines the in vitro CML unresponsiveness of lymphoid cells from tolerant mice, and may be a crucial factor in promoting the in vivo phenotype of skin allograft tolerance. PMID- 6236148 TI - Characterization of RT1gv1: a new rat MHC haplotype isolated from the wild. PMID- 6236150 TI - Bacteriophage Mu d1(Apr lac) generates vir-lac operon fusions in Shigella flexneri 2a. AB - Previous studies have demonstrated that expression of virulence in Shigella spp. is controlled by growth temperature. To study the regulation of virulence (vir) genes, we set out to develop a rapid, easily-assayed phenotype with which to measure expression of virulence. This report described a procedure for isolating vir-lac operon fusions in S. flexneri 2a by using the specialized transducing bacteriophage Mu d1(Apr lac) of Casadaban and Cohen (M. Casadaban and S. N. Cohen, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 76:4530-4533, 1976). Mu d1(Apr lac) lysogens were isolated and screened for loss of virulence and for temperature-dependent expression of the lactose genes on Mu d1(Apr lac). A recombinant plasmid carrying the Mu immunity gene was also introduced into lysogens of interest to stabilize the Mu d1(Apr lac) insertion and prevent possible thermal induction at 37 degrees C. The mutant which we isolated failed to penetrate tissue culture cells in the assay for virulence and produced almost 15-fold more beta-galactosidase when grown at 37 degrees C than when grown at 30 degrees C. The site of insertion of Mu d1(Apr lac) in this strain was shown to be in the 140-megadalton plasmid pSf2a140, which is known to be associated with virulence. P1L4-mediated transduction of the insertion into a virulent recipient demonstrated genetic linkage of Mu d1(Apr lac) with loss of virulence and temperature-dependent expression of beta-galactosidase. All of these features fulfill the phenotype expected for a Mu d1(Apr lac)-induced vir-lac operon fusion. This mutant provides us with a means of measuring expression of a gene function required for virulence by assaying for beta-galactosidase. The insertion will also serve as a starting point for mapping of genes on pSf2a140 which are necessary for expression of virulence. PMID- 6236149 TI - Polyclonal IgE increase after HgCl2 injections in BN and LEW rats: a genetic analysis. AB - An autoimmune disease and a dramatic increase in total serum IgE concentration are observed in BN rats that are chronically injected with HgCl2. In contrast, LEW rats do not develop the characteristic glomerulonephritis and are very "low IgE responders". In this study, we examined the genetic control of total serum IgE increase after HgCl2 injection in F1 and F2 hybrids, in both backcrosses between LEW and BN rats, and in LEW.1N congenic rats. Genetic analysis was performed using peak IgE concentrations expressed as log microgram/ml. A high IgE phenotype was found to be dominant. Eighty-five percent of F2 variance was due to genetic factors (VG) while only 15% of this variance was caused by environmental factors (VE). From observations in F2 hybrids and backcrosses, estimations of additive variance (VA) and dominance variance (VD) were made following three different methods. Genetic control by about four loci is demonstrated. One of these genes is RT1-linked. This gene contributes to 25% of the phenotypic difference observed between BN and LEW rats. No correlation was found between the peak total IgE level and autoimmune disease based on IgG deposition in spleen and/or kidney. PMID- 6236151 TI - T suppressor cells as well as anti-hapten and anti-idiotype B lymphocytes regulate contact sensitivity to oxazolone in mice injected with purified protein derivative from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. AB - Purified protein derivative from Mycobacterium tuberculosis inhibits contact sensitivity to oxazolone in mice when given intravenously 24 to 72 h before the antigen. Transfer experiments showed that various types of suppressor cells occurred in the lymph nodes draining the site of sensitization: (i) anti oxazolone idiotype + B lymphocytes, found at day 3 after sensitization, transferred suppression to syngeneic recipients at the moment of their sensitization; (ii) anti-idiotype B lymphocytes, found at day 3 after sensitization, transferred suppression to syngeneic recipients when sensitization of these animals had been performed 3 days before cell transfer; (iii) T lymphocytes, found only at day 6 after sensitization, inhibited the passive transfer of contact sensitivity, indicating that they were effective on the efferent phase of the immune response. These results indicate that purified protein derivative from M. tuberculosis interferes with contact sensitivity by activating a complex and multiple immunoregulatory circuit. PMID- 6236153 TI - A simple and efficient method of labeling hematoporphyrin derivative with 111In. AB - Hematoporphyrin derivative (HPD) has been successfully labeled with 111In by a simple and efficient chemical process. Greater than 96% of the radionuclide is firmly bound to HPD as demonstrated by ITLC and acid precipitation radioanalyses. The radiopharmaceutical is stable at room temperature in excess of two weeks without any significant amount of dissociation of the label from the radioactive parent compound. PMID- 6236152 TI - Suppressor cells in antithymocyte globulin-induced transplantation tolerance in the adult rat. AB - A rat heart allograft model, for induction of transplantation tolerance by a single dose of antithymocyte globulin, was studied. Experiments were made to transfer the tolerance to syngeneic recipients, either by spleen cells or sera obtained from tolerant rats. Different doses of tolerant spleen cells caused long term surviving (LTS) allografts when transferred to sublethally irradiated recipients. Spleen cell transfer to untreated recipients resulted in prolonged allograft survival but no LTS grafts. The results indicate the presence of a cell mediated suppressor mechanism in the tolerant animals. PMID- 6236154 TI - Immune reactivity of the tumor-resistant X/Gf mouse. AB - Parameters of immune reactivity of the tumor-resistant X/Gf mouse have been studied. X/Gf mice show better survival than do control strains following i.p. inoculation with graded doses of YAC lymphoma cells. The natural killer cell activity of X/Gf mice was higher than that of control mice, and this elevated NK activity was inherited by (C57BL/6 X X/Gf)F1 mice. Differences in NK activity of fresh spleen cells from X/Gf, C57BL/6, and (C57BL/6 X X/Gf)F1 mice were not reflected in their ability to lyse in vitro-derived, cloned, transformed cell lines from X/Gf or C57BL/6 mice in an 8 h 51Cr assay; however, the X/Gf-derived malignant cells were more sensitive to lysis than the C57BL/6-derived cells. In order to test whether X/Gf mice demonstrated any exceptional ability to recognize and destroy altered autologous cells, experiments were performed with TNP modified syngeneic cells. While X/Gf and B10.A effector cells appeared to respond with similar magnitude, hapten-modified X/Gf cells were stronger stimulator cells and more sensitive targets than control strain cells. The ability of X/Gf mice to reject H-2 compatible and incompatible skin grafts is normal, as judged by a comparison of the rejection times with control strains. Allogeneic mixed lymphocyte reactivity, T-cell-mediated lympholysis, delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions, and in vivo phagocytosis of inert particles are of comparable magnitude in X/Gf and control strain mice. PMID- 6236156 TI - The asexual pre-cyst development of Sarcocystis tenella in experimentally infected specific pathogen-free lambs. PMID- 6236155 TI - Left ventricular hypertrophy regression in hypertensive patients treated with metoprolol. AB - The long-term effects of metoprolol monotherapy, 100 mg b.i.d., for 16-18 months, were investigated in 8 previously untreated essentially hypertensive patients (resting blood pressure greater than 155/95 mmHg) and echocardiographic evidence of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) (left ventricular mass by Penn Cube formula greater than 215 g). Echocardiographic studies, according to the American Society of Echocardiography recording techniques and measurements criteria, were performed before starting treatment and at the end of follow-up. Metoprolol induced a decrease in systolic and diastolic blood pressure and heart rate, accompanied by a reduction of interventricular septum and posterior wall thickness (from 1.21 cm to 1.10 cm, and from 1.15 cm to 1.06 cm, respectively), left ventricular mass index and mean wall stress. All these changes were significant (p less than 0.01). Cardiac index decreased from 3017 ml/m2 to 2632 ml/m2 (p less than 0.01), mostly because of the reduction in the heart rate. In fact, stroke index, ejection fraction and fractional shortening all slightly increased during treatment in respect to pre-treatment values. Plasma renin activity fell from 1.45 ng/ml/h to 0.81 ng/ml/h (p less than 0.01), whereas both plasma noradrenaline and adrenaline concentration at rest did not change. Results indicate that in essentially hypertensive patients who have already developed LVH as a consequence of the hypertension, a long-term metoprolol therapy can successfully induce a reversal of LVH together with an effective blood pressure control, without noticeable adverse effects of changes in cardiac performance. PMID- 6236157 TI - [Case studies of tooth extractions in patients under anticoagulant therapy]. PMID- 6236158 TI - Spatial and temporal variations in human skin blood flow. AB - Microcirculatory human skin blood flow was studied with laser Doppler flowmetry. The recorded mean flow and its heart synchronous variations were shown in animal experiments to have their origin in moving red cells in the tissue under study. A low, steady and reproducible baseline not coinciding with zero output signal was, however, recorded in tissue with arrested blood flow. The methodological error determined as the coefficient of variation in repeated measurements of the Brownian mobility of a stable emulsion was estimated to be lower than 6%. From intraindividual recordings made on adjacent forearm skin areas with an apparently homogenous perfusion, significant (0.1%) spatial differences in blood flow were demonstrated. In skin blood flow recordings on forehead and forearm skin, made at 20-min intervals, slow fluctuations around the average value were found. Corresponding coefficients of variation were between 4 and 19%. The median coefficient of variation for repeated measurements at the same probe position during one hour was 25%. Wide day-to-day variations in skin blood flow were demonstrated on the forehead, forearm, fingertip and foot. Pronounced variations were also found in recordings made on bilateral and symmetrical skin regions. The results underline the importance of taking into account the natural spatial and temporal variations in dermal microvasculature when designing a stimuli-response experiment that includes the study of skin blood flow. PMID- 6236159 TI - Rhythmical variations in human skin blood flow. AB - Rhythmical variations in human skin blood flow have been studied with laser Doppler flowmetry. In healthy adults the appearance of the rhythmical activity and its magnitude were found to differ widely between subjects, while the individual frequencies of the oscillations studied on forehead skin were close to the group average (8.6 +/- 0.7 cycles/min, mean +/- S.D.). Intraindividual variations in frequency of the blood flow rhythmicity were found in different skin regions, indicating the local nature of its control mechanism. Application of anaesthetic paste on forearm skin completely blocked the rhythmical variations in blood flow that were recorded before the experiment. Increasing frequency of the rhythmical variations in blood flow with skin temperature was demonstrated on the forehead, upper arm and forearm skin. Neither oxygen breathing nor anaesthetic block of the nerves innervating the skin region examined influenced the rhythmical variations in skin blood flow. On the basis of the results obtained, it was concluded that the oscillatory variations in skin blood flow are intimately associated with the rhythmical active vasomotion (small vessel rhythmical diameter changes) reported previously in the literature. PMID- 6236160 TI - Synchronous assessment of human skin microcirculation by laser Doppler flowmetry and dynamic capillaroscopy. AB - Synchronous assessments of microcirculatory flow in human skin have been made by the techniques of laser Doppler flowmetry and dynamic capillaroscopy in adjacent areas of the same nailfold. Microvascular flow was studied at rest, following release of arterial occlusion and during application of venous occlusion in seven normal subjects. Despite broad comparability in the pattern of responses recorded by the two techniques certain significant differences were observed. Vasomotor activity of a similar frequency (4 to 9 cycles per min) was recorded by both techniques, but the activity was asynchronous. The amplitude of the cyclical change in the mean resting flow value recorded by dynamic capillaroscopy was considerably greater than that recorded by laser Doppler (X +/- SD, 25.3 +/- 7.0% mean rest flow; 11.4 +/- 4.9% mean rest flow, p less than 0.01). The time to peak flow following release of a 60 s arterial occlusion was significantly longer as assessed by dynamic capillaroscopy (5.7 +/- 1.6 s: 3.3 +/- 1.0 s. p less than 0.02). In response to a venous congestion pressure of 50 mm Hg, capillary flow rate fell to 24 +/- 6% of the resting flow value as assessed by dynamic capillaroscopy over the first 30 s of occlusion. Laser Doppler flowmetry also recorded a fall in microcirculatory flow to 59 +/- 21% of resting flow value during this period, but this reduction was significantly less than that recorded by dynamic capillaroscopy (p less than 0.05). These discrepancies are interpreted as evidence that laser Doppler flowmetry records blood flow in vessels in addition to the superficial, nutritional capillaries. PMID- 6236161 TI - [Late results of conservative therapy of arterial occlusive diseases]. PMID- 6236162 TI - [Results of special treatment methods of ischemic tissue lesions. Stage IV of arterial occlusive disease]. PMID- 6236163 TI - Phase II study of Baker's antifol (triazinate, TZT, NSC 139, 105) in advanced carcinoma of the ovary. A Gynecologic Oncology Group study. AB - Twenty-nine patients with advanced ovarian carcinoma were entered into a Gynecologic Group Phase II study of Baker's Antifol. Of these, 26 were eligible for evaluation of toxicity and 25 for evaluation of response. The evaluable patients constituted an unusually favorable group for a Phase II study in a chemotherapy-sensitive tumor; although all have received prior chemotherapy, eight had had treatment with only a single alkylating agent and the median performance status of the study population was two (ambulatory, capable of self care). No complete responses were seen. Two patients had regression of abdominal tumor masses sufficient to qualify as partial responders (PR 8%). Dose-limiting toxicity, as expected, was found to be gastrointestinal. Significant mucositis and dermatitis were also observed. No episodes of hypotension during infusion occurred with a 60-120 min time of administration. Baker's antifol has only limited activity against ovarian carcinoma previously treated with chemotherapy and is not likely to contribute to improved therapy, either as a single agent or in combination. PMID- 6236164 TI - Inhibition of human B lymphocyte differentiation by a stable metabolite of cyclophosphamide (ASTA Z 7557, INN mafosfamide). AB - We have evaluated the immunosuppressive effect of a new stable derivative of cyclophosphamide (ASTA Z 7557) on human lymphocyte immunoglobulin biosynthesis in vitro. When graded amounts of the drug are added to lymphocyte cultures stimulated with the helper T cell-dependent activator (PWM), a marked inhibition of B cell proliferation and differentiation occurs. Lymph node cells are particularly sensitive to the drug, while splenocytes are relatively resistant. The agent exerts only a minor effect on immunoglobulin synthesis triggered by a direct B cell stimulant (S. paratyphi bacteria). PMID- 6236166 TI - Ultrasonography versus laparoscopy in the diagnosis of hepatic tumors. AB - 129 patients, with suspected primary or secondary benign or malignant liver neoplasm after clinical, biochemical and/or instrumental investigation underwent liver ultrasound and laparoscopy. Echographic findings were compared with laparoscopy when liver neoplasms were detected by the latter. When laparoscopy was negative, to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of the two methods employed, the following variously associated parameters were analysed: clinical follow-up, liver biochemistry, computed tomography, liver selective arteriography and explorative laparotomy. In the 129 patients examined, echography showed 86.7% diagnostic accuracy and laparoscopy 89.4%. The association of the two methods led to a diagnosis of hepatic lesion in 98.4% with no further diagnostic investigations. The two procedures can be considered complementary to such an extent that, in case of suspected primary or secondary liver neoplasm, the association of ultrasound and laparoscopy represents a quick and ultimate diagnostic approach. Furthermore, the association of these two procedures seems the least expensive and the most feasible, even in not particularly well equipped units. PMID- 6236165 TI - Effect of ASTA Z 7557 (INN mafosfamide) a precursor of 4-hydroxy-cyclophosphamide on human T-lymphocytes' Fc-receptors and immunoregulatory functions. AB - The precursor ASTA Z 7557 of the in vivo active metabolite 4-hydroxy cyclophosphamide (4OH-Cy) of cyclophosphamide (Cy) was tested for selective effects on human T-lymphocytes' Fc gamma-receptor expression and certain immunoregulatory functions. It has been found that ASTA Z 7557 does not alter the expression of Fc gamma-F- or Fc gamma-I-receptors on the T-cell membrane nor does it exhibit differential toxicity for either T-cell subpopulation. PWM-induced B cell proliferation is inhibited by ASTA Z 7557, whereas B-cells' Ig-synthesis as well as ConA-driven T-cell proliferation is only blocked with higher doses of the reagent. Final concentrations above 1 microgram/ml may therefore abrogate ConA induction of suppressor T-lymphocytes. Already ConA-activated suppressor cells of PWM-driven B-cell cultures, however, are not inhibited even with high doses of ASTA Z 7557. PMID- 6236167 TI - Failure of balloon membranotomy of the inferior vena cava. AB - A young woman with membranous obstruction and coarctation of the inferior vena cava is described. A balloon membranotomy was performed with a transient improvement. Three months later massive thrombosis of the inferior vena cava developed. It appears that balloon membranotomy alone is contraindicated in the presence of both stenosis and membranous obstruction of the inferior vena cava. PMID- 6236168 TI - Augmentation of in vitro antibody response by disulfide compounds. II. T cell mediated augmentation by oxidized dithiothreitol, an intramolecular disulfide. AB - In order to investigate the mechanism of action of disulfide compounds in the augmentation of the antibody response in vitro, we attempted to identify the target cells of the action of disulfides using oxidized dithiothreitol (DTTox; an intramolecular disulfide). DTTox markedly augmented the antibody responses not only to sheep erythrocytes, a T cell-dependent antigen, but also to T cell independent antigens like dinitrophenyl-Ficoll and trinitrophenyl lipopolysaccharide. The augmenting effect of DTTox in the response to SRBC was markedly abrogated when murine spleen lymphocytes were depleted of T cells and cultured in the presence of concanavalin A-conditioned medium containing the activity of T cell-replacing factor. The augmentation was restored by adding back purified T cells. On the other hand, the augmentation by 2-mercaptoethanol was not affected by these treatments. The antibody responses to dinitrophenyl-Ficoll and trinitrophenyl-lipopolysaccharide, and the polyclonal antibody response induced by lipopolysaccharide were no longer enhanced by DTTox when T cells were depleted. These results suggested that the augmenting effect of DTTox was not due to the direct activation of B cells, as with 2-mercaptoethanol, but was mediated by the stimulation of T cells. This assumption was further supported by the observation that DTTox stimulated the in vitro induction of helper T cell activity in the presence of antigens. PMID- 6236169 TI - Scintigraphic study of the biological fixation of the Christiansen endoprosthesis with madreporic shank. AB - Biological fixation of the Christiansen endoprosthesis takes place gradually as a result of osteogenetic activity in the endosteal wall of the femur, which is subjected to mechanical stimulation by the madreporic shank of this prosthesis. The authors were able to monitor this biological process in 9 patients with the aid of bone scintigraphy. PMID- 6236170 TI - [Proctology]. PMID- 6236171 TI - [Paraneoplasms]. PMID- 6236172 TI - [Hairdresser eczema and nickel allergy]. AB - Contact allergy to nickel could be found in 44.7% of 247 Austrian hairdressers with hand eczema. Two-thirds had become sensitive to nickel during their apprenticeship. The hairdressers' occupational exposure to nickel, chromium and cobalt was screened and different materials were analysed by a flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Hairdressers' nails (means = 54.22 ppm) contained ten times more nickel than those of controls (means = 6.5 ppm), but the differences were not statistically significant. Pooled customers' hair gave values of 3 ppm nickel; metals could not be released by shampoos, permanent wave liquids or oxidizing agents. The nickel, chromium and cobalt contents of 8 shampoos were beyond the detection limit of 1 microgram/100 ml. In 2 of 6 hair colours, in 2 bleaching agents and 8 of the 9 permanent liquids analysed (means 0.063 mg/100 ml), nickel could be found in detectable amounts. No metal traces could be detected in Viennese tap water samples which had been collected from a commonly used boiler. First samples of cold tap water collected in Leoben contained only 2 micrograms/100 ml, first hot water samples (60 degrees C) up to 4 micrograms nickel/100 ml; after 5 min of flushing, hot water samples contained 3 micrograms nickel/100 ml. From a nickel rod 13 micrograms/nickel/cm2/h was leached into 15 degrees C cold water and 0.28 microgram/nickel/cm2/h was leached into 70 degrees C hot water. It is recommended that hairdressers be supplied with only nickel-free instruments and that the contents of nickel and chelating agents be analysed in hair cosmetics. PMID- 6236173 TI - [Hematogenous contact eczema following oral administration of neomycin]. AB - Systemic contact dermatitis may occur when a previously cutaneously sensitised patient is given the hapten orally or by inhalation or injection. Some patients will develop a distinctive clinical picture with eczematous lesions on the neck, in the axillae and in the genital area. Further, a pompholyx on hands and feet might appear. The disease entity is illustrated in a neomycin-sensitive patient who was accidentally given an overdose of the hapten. PMID- 6236174 TI - Toxicology of 85Kr: chronic exposure studies. AB - Male and female Wistar rats were exposed chronically to graded doses of 85Kr to determine long-term biological effects of simulated environmental exposure. Rats were exposed in 4 groups, including room air-exposed controls and 3 groups exposed to 85Kr concentrations equivalent to 10(2), 10(3) and 10(4) times the maximum permissible concentration (MPC) for the general population (3 X 10(-7) microCi/ml). Exposures continued 24 hr/day, 7 days/week for 808 days, until only approximately 10% of the original 400 rats were alive. No effect of 85Kr exposure was observed on weight gain or tumor incidence, including leukemias. The results support the adequacy of established 85Kr exposure limits for the general population in light of the absence of evidence of build-up in tissues after chronic exposure and the lack of exposure-related biological effects in rats after near-lifespan exposure to concentrations equivalent to 10,000 times the MPC. PMID- 6236176 TI - Assessment of left ventricular performance in patients with variable states of hypertrophy secondary to essential hypertension using a new load-independent index, E' max/V 100. PMID- 6236175 TI - Adverse effects of antibiotics. PMID- 6236177 TI - Rat extraocular muscle. 3. Histochemical variability along the length of multiply innervated fibers of the orbital surface layer. AB - Multiply-innervated fibers from rat superior oblique extraocular muscle were followed in sequential serial sections using histochemistry. Sudan black and adenosine-triphosphatase (ATPase) histochemical staining reactions were used to identify these fibers in the muscle's global layer and orbital surface layer. Regional differences in ATPase staining occurred along the length of multiply innervated fibers from the orbital surface layer. In their middle third where these fibers appear 'morphologically-fast' and contain endplatelike endings, they were found to exhibit a dual ATPase activity. In their distal third where they appear 'morphologically-slow' and contain simple, superficial endings, they had an alkaline-labile and acid-stabile ATPase activity profile. In contrast, the multiply-innervated fibers of the global layer exhibited a homogeneous ATPase activity, i.e., alkaline-labile and acid-stabile pattern. This histochemical homogeneity parallels their uniform morphologically-slow profile. These fibers contain only multiple superficial endings. It would appear that the histochemical and ultrastructural profile of a fiber is dependent upon the type and location of the motor innervation. PMID- 6236178 TI - Influence of exercise on the fiber composition of skeletal muscle. AB - Biopsy samples from the vastus lateralis muscle (VLM) of man were examined for fiber composition at rest and at selected intervals during prolonged exercise ranging in intensity from 40% to 75% of the total body maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) and one-min bouts of exercise at 150% VO2max. Because of the heterogeneity of fibers in human VLM, studies were also completed where the effect of exercise on the fiber composition of the rat soleus muscle (SM) was examined. In some animals the SM from one hindlimb was removed 9 days prior to their being exercised after which the remaining SM was removed. Exercise reduced muscle glycogen in all experiments. In the studies with man, blood lactate exceeded 17 mmoles/l after the heavy exercise but was largely unchanged by endurance exercise. Colonic temperature of the exercised rats exceeded 40 degrees C. In studies where fibers were identified only as type I and type II, type II fibers in the VLM of all samples (16) taken at rest averaged 61.2 +/- 12.5% as compared to 59.0 +/- 12.0% after exercise (54 biopsy samples). In a second series of studies with man where the subtypes of type II fibers were identified, there were also no differences in fiber composition of the VLM after varying periods of exercise. Glycogen content and percent fiber composition were the same in right and left SM obtained from rested rats. Exercise (30 to 40 min) did not alter the fiber composition of the rat SM. These data demonstrate that the histochemically demonstratable myofibrillar actomyosin ATPase of skeletal muscle is not altered by a single exercise bout. PMID- 6236179 TI - Influence of ionic composition, buffering agent, and pH on the histochemical demonstration of myofibrillar actomyosin ATPase. AB - The influence of the composition of the preincubation medium on the histochemical demonstration of myofibrillar actomyosin ATPase, including a variety of carboxylic acid and non-carboxylic acid buffering compounds and neutral salts, was studied. In inorganic salt-free systems the rate of the activation of type I fibers and inactivation of type II fibers was accelerated when the carboxylic acids had longer chain length or multiple carboxyl groups. Of these factors, the number of carboxyl groups was dominant with a 100 mM citrate buffer producing a sharp differentiation between fiber types. In contrast, the time course of the response was exceptionally long in an acetate buffer. The time course of the ATPase reaction was also modified by other buffers at pH 4.60. The most notable were an ascorbate - glycine buffer system which produced little or no deviation from the alkaline preincubation staining pattern after prolonged preincubation and a pyrophosphate system which produced a rapid change. Neutral salts in the preincubation medium accelerated the time course of the inactivation - activation process with the order for the halogen salts of K+ being F- less than Cl- less than Br- less than I-, which is a progression by molecular weight. The only sequence for cations on the myofibrillar actomyosin ATPase was Li+ less than Na+ less than K+. The response to salts was concentration dependent. An interaction existed between buffering compound, type of salt, and pH. These experiments demonstrate that the histochemical differentiation of fiber types by the myofibrillar actomyosin ATPase reaction depends upon a modification of some component(s) of the myofibrillar complex that can be influenced by a number of factors. PMID- 6236180 TI - Fiber type changes in rat skeletal muscle after intense interval training. AB - Female Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to a ten week training program to determine the influence of intense interval running on the fiber type composition of selected hindlimb muscles; soleus (S), plantaris (P), deep vastus lateralis (DVL), and superficial vastus lateralis (SVL). The muscles of one hindlimb were used for histochemical ATPase analysis to determine the distribution of fiber types and those of the contralateral hindlimb were assayed biochemically for citrate synthase activity (an aerobic marker). Training induced a significant increase in citrate synthase activity in each muscle section. The largest absolute increase occurred in the DVL and the largest relative increase occurred in the SVL. The distribution of fiber types within the S (85% slow-twitch) and SVL (100% fast-twitch) remained unchanged with training. However, significant increases in the percentage of type I (slow-twitch) fibers in both the P (2-fold) and DVL (3-fold) were observed with concomitant decreases in the type II (fast twitch) population. In addition, training induced significant changes in the fast twitch subtype populations of the DVL (IIB----IIA). These data suggest exercise induced fiber type transformations occurring both within the fast-twitch population and between fast-twitch and slow-twitch fibers in certain hindlimb muscles of the rat following a high intensity interval training program. PMID- 6236181 TI - pH lability of myosin ATPase activity permits discrimination of different muscle fibre types in crustaceans. AB - Myofibrillar actomyosin ATPase activity has been studied histochemically in the closer muscle of the crab Eriphia spinifrons. Preincubation at pH 4.6 and 5.0 reveals differences in the lability of the ATPase. This permits the discrimination of four fibre types. Of these, three represent subgroups of rapidly contracting fibres. The histochemically defined fibre types correspond well with four groups defined according to electrophysiological criteria. PMID- 6236182 TI - Differential stimulatory requirements and regulation of naive and primed human lymphocytes. AB - In these investigations, human lymphocytes primed in vitro in MLR have been employed as a model for human memory cells and have been compared to naive lymphocytes from the same donor. Both the stimulatory requirements and the regulation of these cells were found to differ significantly. The dose of stimulators giving a maximal primary (I) response was less than 10% the dose of restimulating cells giving a maximal secondary (II) response. II responses were further found to be inversely related to the original I response. This was associated with at least two separate regulatory phenomena. Suppressor cell induction was enhanced at high priming doses while memory cell precursors were preferentially stimulated at very low priming doses. Priming of memory cells could also be demonstrated to occur in the absence of any detectable I proliferation by utilizing platelets or heat treated stimulators. Memory cells were also a much more resistant than naive cells to both alloantigen induced suppressor cells and to culture activated monocyte suppressor cells. This in vitro model suggests that the human I and II responses to alloantigen have both distinct triggering requirements and differential sensitivity to regulatory cells. It is suggested that preferential formation of memory cells under conditions that require no proliferation and which are suboptimal for suppressor cell generation and the acquired resistance of memory cells to down regulation by suppressor cells may contribute to the poor graft prognosis of sensitized renal transplant patients. PMID- 6236183 TI - Radiosensitizers: a conference preview. PMID- 6236184 TI - Radiosensitization of hypoxic cells in vivo by SR 2508 at low radiation doses: a preliminary report. AB - We have used the RIF-1 tumor implanted intradermally in the lower dorsum of C3H mice to explore to what extent the radiosensitizer SR 2508 is capable of sensitizing hypoxic cells at clinically relevant doses of 1 and 2 Gy per fraction. We injected SR 2508 (1000 mg/kg) 45 min prior to each radiation dose in fractionated regimens of 2 or 4 doses/day for up to 5 days (1 or 2 Gy/fraction) given locally to the tumors, which were clamped to occlude the blood supply prior to each radiation exposure. This necessitated the design of clamps which totally occluded blood flow could be applied to nonanesthetized mice without obvious discomfort, and could be applied up to 20 times without compromising the tumor blood supply on removal of the clamps. We have performed various experiments which confirm the validity of these 3 requirements. The response of the tumor cells with and without clamping and with and without SR 2508 was determined by constructing multifraction cell survival curves using the in vivo-in vitro assay. The initial results demonstrate significant radiosensitization of artificially hypoxic tumor cells at 1 and 2 Gy/fraction by SR 2508 (1000 mg/kg). Using the ratio of the D0's of the exponential, multifraction survival curves, we obtained an SER for SR 2508 of 1.6 (3 experiments pooled) compared to an OER (D0 clamped/D0 air-breathing mice) of 2.3 (4 experiments pooled). These data suggest that SR 2508 (and presumably other electron-affinic sensitizers) can radiosensitize hypoxic cells at low radiation doses, and indicate that this and similar drugs may be useful in the radiotherapy of those tumors for which hypoxia limits curability. PMID- 6236185 TI - Depletion of glutathione in vivo as a method of improving the therapeutic ratio of misonidazole and SR 2508. AB - Depletion of intracellular glutathione (GSH) can enhance misonidazole (MISO) radiosensitizing efficacy both in vivo and in vitro. However, such treatments may also enhance the systemic toxicity in animals. The purpose of the present study was to test various ways of depleting GSH levels in a variety of experimental mouse tumors, to measure the improvement in the efficacy of MISO and its less toxic analog SR 2508 by this depletion, and to determine the effect of daily GSH depletion on the toxicity of MISO and SR 2508. GSH levels were measured daily for 5 days in tumors, livers and brains of mice injected daily with buthionine sulfoximine (BSO), with or without diethylmaleate (DEM). To investigate tumor variability we studied 5 different tumors: EMT-6, RIF-1, KHT, SCC VII, and B16 melanoma. The efficacy of MISO and SR 2508 was evaluated using the KHT and SCC VII tumors either by the regrowth delay assay or by the in vivo/in vitro clonogenic assay. The drug toxicity was evaluated by weight loss and by death. Daily doses of 3 mmole/kg BSO depleted tumor levels of GSH to 20 to 40% of controls by 6 hr after each injection. Injection of DEM (300 mg/kg) 6 hr after BSO further enhanced the depletion. Administration of MISO or SR 2508 at the time of maximum GSH depletion enhanced the MISO efficacy by factors of 2.5 to 8 for depletion to 8% of controls by BSO + DEM, but no enhancement of SR 2508 was seen with tumors at 20% GSH levels achieved with BSO alone in the preliminary experiment. The chronic toxicity of MISO was enhanced not at all or by a factor of up to 2 for BSO and BSO + DEM respectively. Further studies are needed before it can be concluded that GSH depletion by BSO alone may be a useful adjunct to the clinical use of radiosensitizers. PMID- 6236187 TI - The oxygen dependence of the reduction of nitroimidazoles in a radiolytic model system. AB - Radiation chemical reductions using eaq- and CO2- have been carried out in the presence of oxygen with metronidazole, p-nitroacetophenone, misonidazole and three other 2-nitroimidazoles. Low concentrations of oxygen were found to effectively inhibit the reduction of the first two compounds while much higher concentrations of oxygen were required for all of the 2-nitroimidazoles. These results parallel in vitro and in vivo experiments with metronidazole and misonidazole which also indicate that the reduction of the latter is significantly less inhibited by oxygen. Kinetic modelling of the radiochemical system suggests that the explanation for the differences lies in different reactions of the nitro radical anions; it appears that the anion derived from metronidazole undergoes disproportionation while that derived from misonidazole undergoes a unimolecular decay. PMID- 6236186 TI - Pharmacokinetics and toxicology of continuously infused nitroimidazoles. AB - The pharmacokinetics and toxicology of misonidazole (MISO) and SR-2508 given by continuous intraperitoneal infusion were studied in female C3H mice. The survival (time to death) of animals receiving continuous infusions of SR-2508 and MISO was compared and related to plasma concentration, rate of infusion and total amount of drug delivered. Brain and plasma concentrations were determined by HPLC. For SR-2508, plasma concentration was directly proportional to the infusion rate. However, as the infusion rate of MISO was doubled, the plasma concentration of MISO increased approximately 6-fold, reflecting a substantial increase in the apparent half-life. The brain/plasma concentration ratio in animals infused for up to 6 days with SR-2508 remained constant, at approximately 0.09. For MISO the product of the plasma concentration and survival time (area under the curve (AUC) was constant and equal to approximately 50-mM-hrs. In contrast, the survival of animals infused with SR-2508 could not be directly related either to the AUC of plasma concentration X time or AUC brain concentration X time. At plasma concentrations of 0.08-1.5 mM, animals receiving SR-2508 survived approximately 3 times as long as animals exposed to a comparable plasma concentration of MISO. At higher plasma concentration (and infusion rates), the toxicity of SR-2508 relative to that of MISO was much greater. Even at the lowest infusion rates employed in this study, the survival of mice receiving SR-2508 was much shorter than would have been predicted if the toxicity of these two drugs were solely related to the integral brain exposure. The low brain/plasma concentration ratio of SR-2508 was maintained throughout long continuous exposures. Under these conditions the toxicity of the two drugs was not directly related to the integral brain exposure dose. Possible future clinical applications of continuously infused nitroimidazoles are discussed. PMID- 6236188 TI - The effects of radiosensitizers on intermediary metabolism in vivo. AB - In the liver, MISO has little effect on glycolytic intermediates but both the lactate and G3P contents are significantly decreased shortly after administration, whereas the level of ketone-bodies is raised. The changes in hepatic metabolite levels following treatment with SR-2508 are less marked. However, in an adenocarcinoma, both the lactate and ketone-body concentrations are enhanced with MISO. The redox equilibria states are shifted to the oxidized metabolites in the liver but instead to the reduced metabolites in tumor. These effects may have relevance for the radiotherapy in tumors. PMID- 6236189 TI - Marked radiosensitization of cells in culture to X ray by 5-chlorodeoxycytidine coadministered with tetrahydrouridine, and inhibitors of pyrimidine biosynthesis. AB - Our approach to overcome the problem of rapid catabolism and general toxicity encountered with 5-halogenated analogues of deoxyuridine (5-bromo, chloro or iododeoxyuridine), which has limited their use as tumor radiosensitizers, is to utilize 5-chlorodeoxycytidine (CldC) with tetrahydrouridine (H4U). We propose that CldC, coadministered with H4U, is metabolized in the following manner: CldC- --CldCMP----CldUMP---- ----CldUTP----DNA. All the enzymes of this pathway are elevated in many human malignant tumors and in HEp-2 cells. In X irradiation studies with HEp-2 cells, limited to 1 or 2 radiation doses, we have obtained 3.0 to 3.8 apparent dose enhancement ratios (these represent upper limits) when cells are preincubated with inhibitors of pyrimidine biosynthesis: N-(Phosphonacetyl)-L aspartate (PALA) and 5-fluorodeoxyuridine (FdU) or 5-fluorodeoxycytidine (FdC) + H4U. Optimum conditions for radiosensitization are: PALA (0.1 mg/ml) 18-20 hr prior to FdU (0.1 microM) or FdC (0.02 microM) + H4U (0.1 mM) followed 6 hr later by CldC (0.1-0.2 mM) + H4U (0.1 mM) for 56-68 hr. Viabilities of 10 +/- 4% to 15 +/- 1% (+/- S.E.) were obtained for drug-treated unirradiated cells. Enzymatic studies indicate that this toxicity may be tumor selective. CldC + H4U alone (at these concentrations) results in 20% substitution of CldU for thymidine in DNA (determined by HPLC analysis). Preliminary toxicity studies indicate that mice will tolerate treatment protocols involving a single dose of PALA (200 mg/kg) followed by a dose of FdU (50 mg/kg) and 3 cycles of CldC (500 mg/kg) + H4U (100 mg/kg) at 10 hour intervals, with marginal weight loss (4%). In this approach we seek to obtain preferential conversion of CldC to CldUTP at the tumor site by taking advantage of quantitative differences in enzyme levels between tumors and normal tissues. PMID- 6236190 TI - Cardiac hypertrophy and function in master endurance runners and sprinters. AB - Cardiac enlargement with increased left ventricular mass is a recognized adaptive response to intensive physical conditioning. There have been few reports regarding cardiac hypertrophy and function in the middle-aged or older athlete. Accordingly, we studied 9 male Masters Track endurance distance runners (E) (mean age 54 yr) and 13 male Masters Track sprinters (S) (mean age 47 yr) by M-mode echocardiography, systolic time intervals, and maximal treadmill stress testing with direct measurement of maximal O2 consumption (VO2max). Left ventricular mass (LVM) index for E (154.0 +/- 27.4 g/m2; mean +/- SD) was greater than for S (127.1 +/- 15.9 g/m2) (P less than 0.05). LVM index was greater for both groups compared with age-range matched controls (N = 111.7 +/- 23.8 g/m2) (P less than 0.02). VO2max was greater in E (54 +/- 12 ml X kg-1 X min-1) than S (47 +/- 7 ml X kg-1 X min-1) (P less than 0.05) despite the younger age of S (P less than 0.05); both E and S had greater VO2max than predicted for nonathletic males of equivalent age. There was no significant linear relationship for LVM index and VO2max in the athletes. Left ventricular function at rest was normal. Thus, in well-trained older (greater than or equal to 40 yr) male distance runners and sprinters VO2max and LVM index are greater in E than S, and each greater than in controls, resting left ventricular function is normal, as judged by fractional shortening and systolic time intervals, and the degree of hypertrophy (LVM index) does not directly correlate with aerobic capacity (VO2max). PMID- 6236192 TI - Activity of rifampicin against staphylococci, with special reference to multiresistant strains. AB - Antibiotic-sensitive and multiply-resistant isolates of Staphylococcus aureus and Staph. epidermidis were all sensitive to rifampicin (MIC less than or equal to 0.015) mg/l) and to novobiocin, vancomycin and teicoplanin (MICs less than 1 mg/l). No tolerance was observed. Resistance sometimes developed in bactericidal tests on rifampicin or novobiocin alone, but not with vancomycin or teicoplanin, or with combinations. The implications of these findings are discussed in the context of serious infections with staphylococci, especially those resistant to beta-lactams and aminoglycosides. PMID- 6236191 TI - Glucocorticoid-induced cardiac hypertrophy: additive effects of exercise. AB - Female rats were divided into a sedentary control and an exercise group that was trained by treadmill running 100 min/day for 13-15 wk. During the last 12 days of training, they were further subdivided into trained and sedentary groups that received either daily subcutaneous injections of cortisone acetate (CA) (100 mg/kg body wt) or the vehicle, 1% (wt/vol) carboxymethylcellulose. As a result of the exercise program, ventricular weights were 15% (P less than 0.01) heavier in the vehicle-treated runners than in the vehicle-treated controls, but there were no changes in cardiac androgen (methyltrienolone, R1881) or glucocorticoid (dexamethasone, DEX) cytosol-specific binding concentrations. Body weights were decreased by 11-12% in both CA-treated groups. Ventricular weights of the CA treated controls were 11% (P less than 0.01) heavier than the weights of the vehicle-treated controls. The combination of exercise and glucocorticoid treatments resulted in ventricular weights that were 21% heavier than those in the vehicle-treated controls and 8 and 5% (P less than 0.05) greater than those resulting from CA and endurance training individually. Both R1881 and DEX binding were decreased in hearts of CA-treated animals from those of vehicle-treated animals, and exercise did not modify this response. These results show that glucocorticoid treatment can induce cardiac enlargement, and the combination of glucocorticoids and exercise can have additive effects on the growth, yet their mechanisms appear different. PMID- 6236193 TI - Computer assisted small-scale Tay-Sachs carrier screening. AB - Fluorescence data from serum beta-hexosaminidase assays for Tay-Sachs heterozygote screening is processed by a program in BASIC for a Wang 2200 desk top computer. An estimation of overall error in the results gives a measure of reliability. A preliminary classification is made on the clinical status of the unknown samples as a normal, heterozygous, homozygous, or inconclusive carrier/normal condition. This program allows a small-scale screening center convenient and rapid data processing and analysis. PMID- 6236194 TI - Effects of synthetic thymosin beta 9 fragments on low E-rosette-forming cells of lupus nephritis patients. AB - Five fragments from hexapeptide to decapeptide, corresponding to positions 16-25 of thymosin beta 9, were synthesized and their effects on low E-rosette-forming capacity with sheep erythrocytes of cells from lupus nephritis patients were compared with that of the undecapeptide (positions 16-26) of thymosin beta 9 by taking synthetic thymosin beta 9 as a standard. Two of the fragments (16-25 and 18-25) exhibited higher activity than that of the parent peptide (16-26). The other three sequences (17-25, 19-25, and 20-25) had no effect at concentrations as high as 10(-4) M. PMID- 6236195 TI - The effects of an exercise program on selected risk factors to coronary heart disease in children. PMID- 6236196 TI - The effect of vitamin, mineral, and nutritional supplement in the aged. PMID- 6236197 TI - Sepsis. PMID- 6236198 TI - Roentgenographic assessment of spondylolisthesis. PMID- 6236199 TI - Dental amalgam and mercury toxicity. PMID- 6236200 TI - Advances in management of peripheral vascular disease. PMID- 6236201 TI - Frank Vinsonhaler, M.D. PMID- 6236202 TI - Alcohol detoxification: emergency room treatment and referral in Arkansas. PMID- 6236203 TI - Adolescent suicide. PMID- 6236204 TI - Confusion in health care. There are no simple answers. PMID- 6236206 TI - Health update on sulfites in food and drugs. PMID- 6236205 TI - Electrocardiogram of the month. Vagotonia. PMID- 6236207 TI - The assessment of wheezing in infants and young children utilizing respiratory inductive plethysmography: a case report. PMID- 6236208 TI - James A. Dibrell, Jr., M.D. PMID- 6236210 TI - Human serum contains N-acetyllactosamine: beta 1-3 N acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity. AB - Human serum was shown to contain N-acetyllactosamine: N acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity. The reaction product was hydrolyzed by beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase and released [14C]N-acetylglucosamine, indicating that the N-acetylglucosaminyl residue was beta-linked to N-acetyllactosamine. Methylation and hydrolysis of the reaction product yielded 2,4,6 trimethyl[3H]galactose, indicating that the N-acetylglucosaminyl residue was introduced at position C-3 of the terminal galactose of N-acetyllactosamine. In our experiments, 2,3,4-trimethyl[3H]galactose was not detected. Substrate competition studies between N-acetyllactosamine and lactose showed that this enzyme also catalyzed the transfer of N-acetylglucosamine from UDP-N acetylglucosamine to lactose. Since the Km value for N-acetyllactosamine, which was 7.0 mM, was approximately a fourth of that for lactose (29.8 mM), N acetyllactosamine was more effective than lactose as an acceptor. PMID- 6236209 TI - Short liquid chromatographic method for determination of zearalenone and alpha zearalenol. AB - A rapid method has been developed for the determination of zearalenone and alpha zearalenol, using liquid-liquid partition for sample extract cleanup followed by liquid chromatography (LC) with fluorescence detection. The same extract can also be used for determination of aflatoxin by LC. Relative standard deviations for the method based on duplicate analyses are 4.18% for artificially contaminated samples and 13.92% for naturally contaminated samples. The method was compared with the AOAC method of extraction and column chromatography extract cleanup, using the same LC conditions for quantitation for both methods. Results showed a correlation coefficient of 0.990 with a mean zearalenone content by this method of 987.8 ppb, and 732.6 ppb by the official AOAC method. The detection limit of this method is 2.2 ppb for zearalenone and 1.5 ppb for alpha-zearalenol. PMID- 6236211 TI - The activation of protein kinase C by biologically active lipid moieties of lipopolysaccharide. AB - The monosaccharide lipid A precursor, N2,O3-diacylglucosamine 1-phosphate (Escherichia coli lipid X), has been shown previously to be a potent B-lymphocyte mitogen. We now report that lipid X interacts with macrophages, stimulating turnover of phosphatidylinositol, deacylation of phospholipids, and release of arachidonic acid. In addition, the monosaccharide lipid X, the incomplete lipid A disaccharides found in KDO-deficient mutants, and crude free lipid A by itself activate protein kinase C isolated from RAW 264.7 macrophages. This activation is augmented by diglyceride, a product of phosphatidylinositol turnover. Like the lipid X-induced mitogenesis of B-lymphocytes, lipid X activation of macrophages and the cell-free activation of protein kinase by lipid X require the presence of the O-linked hydroxymyristoyl residue at position 3. We suggest, therefore, that some of the biological effects of lipid A may be mediated by its interaction with protein kinase C. PMID- 6236212 TI - Isolation and characterization of a heparin-binding domain from the amino terminus of platelet thrombospondin. AB - Calcium-replete thrombospondin has been purified from outdated platelets using heparin-Sepharose affinity chromatography, gelatin-Sepharose to remove fibronectin, and gel filtration to eliminate low-molecular-weight heparin-binding proteins. Edman degradation of six different preparations revealed the amino terminal sequence of thrombospondin (TSP) to be Asn-Arg-Ile-Pro-Glu-Ser-Gly-Gly Asp-Asn-Ser-Val-Phe-. This sequence was obtained in initial yields as high as 85%, indicating that no blocked chains are present. Cleavage of calcium-replete TSP with thermolysin or plasmin results in the production of relatively stable fragments. Chromatography of these digests on heparin-Sepharose followed by elution with 0.6 M NaCl affords purification of an Mr 25,000 fragment from the thermolysin digest and an Mr 35,000 fragment from the plasmin digest. The binding of these fragments to heparin-Sepharose does not require divalent metal ions. Neither fragment is disulfide-bonded to other fragments present in the digests. The heparin-binding domains from both digests have similar amino acid compositions and their tryptic peptide maps on high performance liquid chromatography are identical with the exception of one peptide unique to each fragment. Automated Edman degradation in a vapor-phase sequenator of the thermolytic heparin-binding domain electroeluted from sodium dodecyl sulfate-gels indicates that the heparin-binding domain resides at the amino terminus of the Mr 180,000 TSP peptide chain. PMID- 6236213 TI - Cathepsin D and beta-hexosaminidase synthesized in the presence of 1 deoxynojirimycin accumulate in the endoplasmic reticulum. AB - Biosynthesis, transport, and maturation of cathepsin D and beta-hexosaminidase was examined in fibroblasts exposed to 1-deoxynojirimycin, a glucose analogue known to inhibit trimming glucosidases (Saunier, B., Kilker, R. D., Jr., Tkacz, J. S., Quaroni, A., and Herscovics, A. (1982) J. Biol. Chem. 257, 14155-14161; Hettkamp, H., Bause, E., and Legler, G. (1982) Biosci. Rep. 2, 899-906). Cells treated with 1-deoxynojirimycin contained precursors of cathepsin D and beta hexosaminidase larger by about 1-2 kDa than control cells. The shift in molecular size was probably due to glucose residues that were rapidly removed from the precursors in the absence but not in the presence of 1-deoxynojirimycin. In addition, 1-deoxynojirimycin inhibited the glycosylation of the beta-chain precursor of beta-hexosaminidase and the synthesis of glycoproteins, including that of cathepsin D. The proteolytic processing of the larger precursors was retarded by several hours. The delay in proteolytic maturation was secondary to the accumulation of the larger precursors in organelles, which fractionated with membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi complex. The accumulated cathepsin D precursor contained neither mannose 6-phosphate residues nor complex type oligosaccharides, which are formed in the cis and trans aspects of the Golgi complex. Cathepsin D precursors eventually released from the site of accumulation were apparently deglucosylated, acquired mannose 6-phosphate residues and complex type oligosaccharides, and were transferred into lysosomes as efficiently as in control cells. Our results suggest that transport of cathepsin D from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi complex depends on removal of glucose residues from its carbohydrate. PMID- 6236214 TI - Regulation of vitamin K-dependent protein S. Inactivation by thrombin. AB - Thrombin treatment of the vitamin K-dependent protein S resulted in the loss of the activated protein C cofactor activity associated with protein S. The addition of phospholipid vesicles inhibited the inactivation. Thrombin treatment did not alter the molecular weight of the native protein. However, upon reduction, a peptide of approximately 3000 daltons was released from the treated protein. The interaction between calcium and protein S was reduced by thrombin treatment. When the calcium interaction was determined by the quenching of the intrinsic fluorescence of protein S, thrombin treatment appeared to inhibit the interaction between calcium and the protein. When the calcium interaction was observed by measuring the effect on the electrophoretic mobility of the protein, thrombin treatment reduced the interaction between calcium and protein S. However, the effect of thrombin treatment on the interaction between calcium and protein S was less than observed by the fluorescent method. This observation suggests that fluorescence quenching may be a result of a structural change induced by calcium binding. Thrombin treatment of protein S appears to uncouple the calcium binding from the structural change. In addition, the interaction between protein S and phospholipid vesicles was reduced by thrombin treatment. These results suggest that the thrombin conversion of protein S into a two-chain protein causes the loss of a calcium-induced change in protein structure, loss of the lipid-binding properties, and the loss of cofactor activity. PMID- 6236215 TI - Analysis of bacteriophage phi X174 gene A protein-mediated termination and reinitiation of phi X DNA synthesis. I. Characterization of the termination and reinitiation reactions. AB - The phi X174 (phi X) gene A protein-mediated termination and reinitiation of single-stranded circular (SS(c] phi X viral DNA synthesis in vitro were directly and independently analyzed. Following incubation together with purified DNA replication enzymes from Escherichia coli, ATP, [alpha-32P]dNTPs, and either the phi X A protein and phi X replicative form I (RF I) DNA, or the purified RF II X A complex, the phi X A protein was detected covalently linked to newly synthesized 32P-labeled DNA. Formation of the phi X A protein-[32P]DNA covalent complex required all the factors necessary for phi X (+) SS(c) DNA synthesis in vitro. Thus, it was a product of the reinitiation reaction and an intermediate of the replication cycle. Identification of this complex provided direct evidence that reinitiation of phi X (+) strand DNA synthesis involved regeneration of the RF II X A complex. Substitution of 2',3'-dideoxyguanosine triphosphate (ddGTP) for dGTP in reaction mixtures resulted in the formation of covalent phi X A protein 32P-oligonucleotide complexes; these complexes were trapped analogues of the regenerated RF II X A complex. They could not act catalytically due to the presence of ddGMP residues at the 3'-termini of the oligonucleotide moieties. Reaction mixtures containing ddGTP also yielded nonradioactive (+) SS(c) DNA products derived from circularization of the displaced (+) strand of the input parental template DNA. The formation of the phi X A protein-32P-oligonucleotide complexes and nonradioactive (+) SS(c) DNA were used to assay both reinitiation and termination reactions, respectively. Both reactions required DNA synthesis from the 3'-hydroxyl primer at nucleotide residue 4305 which was formed by cleavage of phi X RF I DNA by the phi X A protein. Elongation of this primer by 18, but not 11 nucleotides was sufficient to support each reaction. Reinitiation reactions proceeded rapidly and were essentially complete after 90 s. In contrast, when ddGTP was replaced with dGTP in reaction mixtures, DNA synthesis proceeded with linear kinetics for up to 10 min. These results suggested that in the presence of all four dNTPs, active templates supported more than 40 rounds of DNA synthesis. PMID- 6236216 TI - Analysis of bacteriophage phi X174 gene A protein-mediated termination and reinitiation of phi X DNA synthesis. II. Structural characterization of the covalent phi X A protein-DNA complex. AB - In the preceeding paper (Brown, D. R., Roth, M. J., Reinberg, D., and Hurwitz, J. (1984) J. Biol. Chem. 259, 10545-10555), it was shown that following bacteriophage phi X174 (phi X) DNA synthesis in vitro using purified proteins, the phi X A protein could be detected covalently linked to nascent 32P-labeled DNA. This phi X A protein-[32P]DNA complex was the product of the reinitiation reaction. The phi X A protein-[32P]DNA complex could be trapped as a protein-32P oligonucleotide complex by the inclusion of ddGTP in reaction mixtures. In this report, the structure of the phi X A protein-32P-oligonucleotide complex has been analyzed. The DNA sequence of the oligonucleotide bound to the phi X A protein has been determined and shown to be homologous to the phi X (+) strand sequence immediately adjacent (3') to the replication origin. The phi X A protein was directly linked to the 5' position of a dAMP residue of the oligonucleotide; this residue corresponded to position 4306 of the phi X DNA sequence. The phi X A protein-32P-oligonucleotide complex was exhaustively digested with either trypsin or proteinase K and the 32P-labeled proteolytic fragments were analyzed. Each protease yielded two different 32P-labeled peptides in approximately equimolar ratios. The two 32P-labeled peptides formed after digestion with trypsin (designated T1 and T2) and with proteinase K (designated PK1 and PK2) were isolated and characterized. Digestion of peptide T1 with proteinase K yielded a product which co-migrated with peptide PK2. In contrast, peptide T2 was unaffected by digestion with proteinase K. These results suggest that the phi X A protein contains two active sites that are each capable of binding covalently to DNA. The peptide-mononucleotide complexes T1-[32P]pdA and T2-[32P]pdA were isolated and subjected to acid hydrolysis in 6.0 N HCl. In each case, the major 32P-labeled products were identified as [32P] phosphotyrosine and [32P]Pi. This indicates that each active site of the phi X A protein participates in a phosphodiester linkage between a tyrosyl moiety of the protein and the 5' position of dAMP. PMID- 6236218 TI - Evidence for an ATP cap at the ends of actin filaments and its regulation of the F-actin steady state. AB - The correlation between the time courses of actin polymerization under continuous sonication and the associated ATP hydrolysis has been studied. ATP hydrolysis was not mechanistically coupled to polymerization, i.e. not necessary for polymerization, but occurred on F-actin in a subsequent monomolecular reaction. Under sonication, polymerization was complete in 10 s while hydrolysis of ATP on the polymer required 200 s. A value of 0.023 s-1 was found for the first order rate constant of ATP hydrolysis on the polymer at 25 degrees C, pH 7.8, in the presence of 0.2 mM ATP, 0.1 mM CaCl2, and 1 mM MgCl2, independent of the F-actin concentration. The conversion of ATP X F-actin to ADP X F-actin was accompanied by an increase in fluorescence of a pyrenyl probe covalently attached to actin, consistent with a 2-fold greater fluorescence for ADP X F-actin than for ATP X F actin, with a rate constant of 0.022 s-1. In contrast, the fluorescence of F actin labeled with 7-chloro-4-nitrobenzeno-2-oxa-1,3-diazole did not change significantly when ATP or ADP was bound. The direct consequence of the uncoupling between polymerization and ATP hydrolysis is the formation of an ATP cap at the ends of the filaments, which maintains the stability of the polymer, while most of the filament contains bound ADP. The heterogeneity of the filament with respect to ATP and ADP results in a nonlinear relationship between the rate of elongation and the concentration of G-actin with a discontinuity at the critical concentration, where the rate of growth is zero. In this respect, F-actin in ATP behaves similarly to microtubules in GTP. PMID- 6236217 TI - Incorporation of 18O2 into thymidine 5'-aldehyde in neocarzinostatin chromophore damaged DNA. AB - Strand scission of DNA by the chromophore of neocarzinostatin converts the 5' hydroxyl of deoxyribose to a 5'-aldehyde. The origin of the aldehydic oxygen has now been elucidated by mass spectrometry. DNA-associated thymidine 5'-aldehyde produced by treatment of DNA with neocarzinostatin chromophore in 2H218O/16O2 or in 2H216O/18O2 was reduced, liberated by nuclease treatment, permethylated, and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The data clearly show that molecular oxygen is the only source of the 5'-aldehydic oxygen. The addition of molecular oxygen at C-5', possibly via a reactive form of neocarzinostatin chromophore, must be involved; a carbonium ion intermediate at C-5' is ruled out. PMID- 6236219 TI - Inositol trisphosphate mediates thyrotropin-releasing hormone mobilization of nonmitochondrial calcium in rat mammotropic pituitary cells. AB - Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) stimulation of prolactin secretion from GH3 cells, cloned rat pituitary tumor cells, is associated with 1) hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate to yield inositol trisphosphate (InsP3) and 2) elevation of cytoplasmic free Ca2+ concentration [( Ca2+]i), caused in part by mobilization of cellular calcium. We demonstrate, in intact cells, that TRH mobilizes calcium and, in permeabilized cells, that InsP3 releases calcium from a nonmitochondrial pool(s). In intact cells, TRH caused a loss of 16 +/- 2.7% of cell-associated 45Ca which was not inhibited by depleting the mitochondrial calcium pool with uncoupling agents. Similarly, TRH caused an elevation of [Ca2+]i from 127 +/- 6.3 nM to 375 +/- 54 nM, as monitored with Quin 2, which was not inhibited by depleting mitochondrial calcium. Saponin-permeabilized cells accumulated Ca2+ in an ATP-dependent manner into a nonmitochondrial pool, which exhibited a high affinity for Ca2+ and a small capacity, and into a mitochondrial pool which had a lower affinity for Ca2+ but was not saturated under the conditions tested. Permeabilized cells buffered free Ca2+ to 129 +/- 9.2 nM when incubated in a cytosol-like solution initially containing 200 to 1000 nM free Ca2+. InsP3, but not other inositol sugars, released calcium from the nonmitochondrial pool(s); half-maximal effect occurred at approximately 1 microM InsP3. Ca2+ release was followed by reuptake into a nonmitochondrial pool(s). These data suggest that InsP3 serves as an intracellular mediator (or second messenger) of TRH action to mobilize calcium from a nonmitochondrial pool(s) leading to an elevation of [Ca2+]i and then to prolactin secretion. PMID- 6236220 TI - A revised primary structure for neocarzinostatin based on fast atom bombardment and gas chromatographic-mass spectrometry. AB - The amino acid sequence of the antitumor protein neocarzinostatin was revised on the basis of mass spectrometric studies. Gas chromatographic mass spectrometry on the O-trimethylsilyl polyaminoalcohol derivatives of peptide mixtures derived from tetra S-carboxymethyl-neocarzinostatin were used to partially sequence neocarzinostatin. In addition, fast atom bombardment-mass spectrometric experiments on neocarzinostatin and its tryptic fragments gave the molecular weights of various peptides and, in some cases, partial sequence information. The revised sequence involved reordering of two chymotryptic peptides, the identification of a new di- and tripeptide sequence (Ala-Asp and Ala-Ser-Thr), the repositioning of Trp at position 39, and the assignment of the remaining Asx residues. The revised structure for neocarzinostatin (Mr = 11,105) now shows considerable homology with the other antitumor antibiotic proteins macromomycin and actinoxanthin. PMID- 6236221 TI - Faulty association of alpha- and beta-subunits in some forms of beta hexosaminidase A deficiency. AB - We have previously described the kinetics of association of the alpha- and beta subunits of beta-hexosaminidase A in intact cultured human fibroblasts, using biosynthetic labeling and immunoprecipitation with antisera that distinguish between monomeric and associated alpha-chains (Proia, R. L., d'Azzo, A., and Neufeld, E. F. (1984) J. Biol. Chem. 259, 3350-3354). We now show lack of alpha beta association in fibroblasts of several individuals deficient in beta hexosaminidase A (5 patients with nonclassic forms of Tay-Sachs disease and 2 asymptomatic siblings). Defective association was accompanied by markedly reduced (less than one-tenth of normal) conversion of the alpha-chain precursor of Mr = 67,000 to the mature lysosomal form of Mr = 54,000. Analysis by hybridization with fibroblasts lacking the alpha- or beta-chain showed that the association defect resided in the alpha-chain. Most of the cell strains studied also had decreased synthesis of the alpha-chain, suggesting compound heterozygosity with the Ashkenazi Tay-Sachs (no synthesis) allele. An unusual feature of the association defect is the variability in the resulting clinical manifestations, even within families, implying that other factors determine the adequacy of the residual associated beta-hexosaminidase A in vivo. PMID- 6236222 TI - Specific binding of coupling factor 1 lacking the delta and epsilon subunits to thylakoids. AB - An improved procedure for the preparation of chloroplast coupling factor 1 (CF1) lacking the delta subunit is described. In addition, CF1 deficient in the epsilon subunit was isolated by a new method and CF1 lacking both of the smaller subunits was prepared. The ability of the subunit-deficient forms and of CF1, either heated or incubated with dithiothreitol to activate its ATPase activity, to bind to thylakoids from which CF1 had been removed was studied. All CF1 preparations bound in a cation-dependent manner to similar extents. CF1 lacking the delta subunit required higher cation concentrations for maximal binding. All preparations competed similarly with control CF1 for binding sites on the depleted membranes. The alpha subunit of all forms of CF1 in solution was rapidly cleaved by trypsin. After reconstitution, however, the alpha subunit of CF1, as well as of the subunit-deficient and the activated forms, was resistant to attack by trypsin. Moreover, treatment of the membranes with either trypsin or N,N' dicyclohexylcarbodiimide inhibited the binding of all CF1 forms. These results suggest that the binding of the subunit-deficient and activated forms of CF1 is specific. CF1 lacking the epsilon subunit restored neither proton uptake nor ATP synthesis to the depleted membranes. In contrast to our previous results, CF1 lacking the delta subunit was partially effective. Previously, we used a suboptimal Mg2+ concentration for binding the delta-deficient enzyme which we show here was partially deficient in the epsilon subunit. These results show that the delta and epsilon subunits are not required for binding CF1 to the membranes and that the delta subunit is not an absolute requirement for ATP synthesis. PMID- 6236223 TI - The calcium pump in rat liver endoplasmic reticulum. Demonstration of the phosphorylated intermediate. AB - Rat liver microsomal fractions enriched with smooth-surfaced vesicles possess an ATP-supported Ca2+ transport activity, which is stimulated by oxalate and half maximally activated at 3.5 X 10(-7) M free Ca2+. Catalysis of Ca2+ transport involves transient covalent binding of the terminal phosphate from ATP by the vesicles, resulting in the formation of a Mr 118,000 phosphopeptide, which is acid precipitable and unstable in the presence of hydroxylamine, which may be characteristic for an acylphosphate. Phosphorylation of the Mr 118,000 peptide requires the presence of Ca2+, while dephosphorylation is markedly accelerated by Mg2+. In the presence of Ca2+ and Mg2+ phosphorylation proceeds much faster than dephosphorylation, indicating that the latter may be rate limiting for the hydrolysis of ATP. The Mr 118,000 peptide is estimated to represent about 2% of total smooth-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum membrane protein. Comparative studies with sarcoplasmic reticulum from rat skeletal muscle suggest extensive homology of the Ca2+ transport ATPases. PMID- 6236224 TI - Spectroscopic studies of ternary complexes of thymidylate synthetase, deoxyribonucleotides, and folate analogs. AB - Conformational changes accompanying the formation of binary and tightly bound ternary complexes of thymidylate synthetase and all possible combinations of three folate analogs (N-10-ethyl-quinazoline, folic acid triglutamate, and folic acid) and three deoxyribonucleotides (5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridylic acid (FdUMP), 2' deoxyuridylic acid (dUMP), and thymidylic acid (dTMP] were studied by means of ultraviolet difference spectroscopy. The amplitudes of the spectral changes upon ternary complex formation were 2-3-fold greater than those generated by formation of binary enzyme-nucleotide and enzyme-folate analog complexes. Difference spectra of the ternary complexes all showed a major increase in absorbance in the region of 320-340 nm, presumably due to perturbations of the folate analog chromophores, whereas decreases in absorbance occurred over a range of 260-310 nm. N-10-ethyl-quinazoline tended to form the complex with the greatest filtration efficiency on nitrocellulose filters, followed by folic acid triglutamate and folic acid, whereas among the nucleotides, the most stable complexes were formed with FdUMP, followed by dUMP and dTMP. A correlation was observed between the apparent stability of the ternary complex and the magnitude of the absorbance change in its difference spectrum. The formation of the various ternary complexes showed three different categories of rate behavior: 1) very rapid formation of the complex; 2) biphasic formation with a rapid phase and a slow phase requiring up to 90 min for completion; and 3) in the case of the ternary complex formed with enzyme, FdUMP, and folic acid, only a slow phase of binding. The slow formation of the latter complex was accompanied by concomitantly slow changes in the difference spectrum. However, in those cases of biphasic formation of the complexes, almost all of the spectral change occurred rapidly, and very little of it corresponded to the slow phase of complex formation. To accommodate these observations, a model is proposed involving a sequential interaction of the two subunits of thymidylate synthetase. PMID- 6236225 TI - Heterogeneity of human plasma lipoprotein (a). Isolation and characterization of the lipoprotein subspecies and their apoproteins. AB - Lipoprotein (a) (Lp(a] from the plasma of normolipidemic human donors was isolated by rate zonal and isopycnic density gradient ultracentrifugation. The final preparations usually contained varying amounts of isopycnic low-density lipoproteins (LDL), which were totally removed either by heparin-Sepharose column chromatography or by chromatofocusing. The Lp(a) preparations exhibited both inter- and intraindividual density heterogeneity which was accounted for by the differences in their protein and lipid composition. In addition, there was heterogeneity in the size of apoprotein (a) (apo(a] which was found to be linked to apoprotein B (apo-B) through disulfide bonds. Three different apo(a) species were obtained; they had a size either smaller, equal to, or larger than apo-B 100, the protein moiety of LDL. The apo(a) that was smaller than apo-B resided in a low-density Lp(a) particle whose peak was in the 1.019-1.063 g/ml density range. The larger apo(a) was a component of the dense Lp(a) particle and was responsible for the increased density in this Lp(a) species. The third apo(a) which was equivalent in size to apo-B resided in a density range intermediate between the other two Lp(a)s. It is concluded that Lp(a) may differ not only from one individual to another, but also within the same individual who may have more than one Lp(a) species. Part of this heterogeneity may be accounted for by differences in the (a) polypeptide. PMID- 6236226 TI - Inhibition of skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum CaATPase activity by calmidazolium. AB - Calmidazolium, a lipophilic cation and putative calmodulin-specific antagonist, inhibited potently the calcium ATPase of sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) vesicles isolated from skeletal muscle. Based on steady-state measurements of catalytic activity over a range of MgATP, calmidazolium, and SR protein concentrations, the calculated values of the inhibition constant (KI) and binding stoichiometry were 0.06 microM and 770 nmol/mg protein, respectively. SR CaATPase inhibition apparently is not a general property of lipophilic cations since the hydrophobic anion tetraphenylboron inhibited catalysis, whereas its cationic analog, tetraphenylarsonium, did not. Enzyme inhibition by calmidazolium was noncompetitive with respect to the substrates Ca2+ and MgATP. In the presence of other SR CaATPase inhibitors, calmidazolium was competitive with respect to quercetin and noncompetitive with respect to trifluoperazine and propranolol. While calmidazolium inhibited enzyme phosphorylation by MgATP, catalysis was more sensitive to the inhibitor. Binding of calmidazolium to SR membranes produced morphological changes seen by electron microscopy as membrane thickening and loss of resolution of surface detail. Our results show that calmidazolium is a high affinity, noncompetitive inhibitor of skeletal SR CaATPase activity, and they suggest that this inhibition is based on binding to the membrane phospholipids rather than specific antagonism of enzyme activation by calmodulin. PMID- 6236227 TI - Lateral electromigration and diffusion of Fc epsilon receptors on rat basophilic leukemia cells: effects of IgE binding. AB - We have used in situ electromigration and post-field relaxation (Poo, M.-m., 1981, Annu. Rev. Biophys. Bioeng., 10:245-276) to assess the effect of immunoglobulin E (IgE) binding on the lateral mobility of IgE-Fc receptors in the plasmalemma of rat basophilic leukemia (RBL) cells. Bound IgE sharply increased the receptor's electrokinetic mobility, whereas removal of cell surface neuraminic acids cut it to near zero. In contrast, we found only a small difference between the lateral diffusion coefficients (D) of vacant and IgE occupied Fc receptors (D: 4 vs. 3 X 10(-10) cm2/s at 24 degrees C). This is true for monomeric rat IgE; with mouse IgE, the difference in apparent diffusion rates was slightly greater (D: 4.5 vs. 2.3 X 10(-10) cm2/s at 24 degrees C). This range of D values is close to that found in previous photobleaching studies of the IgE Fc epsilon receptor complex in RBL cells and rat mast cells. Moreover, enzymatic depletion of cell coat components did not measurably alter the diffusion rate of IgE-occupied receptors. Thus, binding of fluorescent macromolecular probes to cell surface proteins need not severely impede lateral diffusion of the probed species. If the glycocalyx of RBL cells does limit lateral diffusion of the Fc epsilon receptor, it must act primarily on the receptor itself, rather than on receptor-bound IgE. PMID- 6236228 TI - Biosynthesis of sulphated macromolecules by rabbit lens epithelium. II. Relationship to basement membrane formation. AB - Rabbit lens epithelial cells display a similar "cobblestone" morphology and produce the same complement of sulphated macromolecules (also see Heathcote, J.G., and R.W. Orkin, 1984, J. Cell Biol., 99:852-860) whether grown on plastic or glass, dried films of gelatin or type IV collagen with laminin, or on gels of type I collagen. There was no evidence of basement membrane formation by these cells when they were grown on plastic, glass, or dried films. In contrast, cultures that had been grown on gels deposited a discrete basement membrane that followed the contours of the basal surfaces of the cells and in addition, they secreted amorphous basement membrane-like material that diffused into the interstices of the gel and associated with the collagen fibrils of the gel. A significant proportion (approximately 70%) of the heparan sulphate proteoglycan fraction that was secreted into the culture medium (fraction MI) when the cells were grown on plastic became associated with the cell-gel layer in the gel cultures. Further, when basement membrane was isolated by detergent extraction, greater than 90% of the 35S-labeled material present was in this heparan sulphate proteoglycan. PMID- 6236229 TI - Effect of extraction time on ability of calmodulin to activate 30S and 14S dynein ATPases. AB - Cilia from the protozoan Tetrahymena pyriformis were demembranated and then extracted for 5 min with a buffer containing 0.5 M NaCl. The briefly extracted axonemal pellet was then reextracted for about 20 hr. The soluble material obtained from each extraction was resolved into 14S and 30S dynein ATPases by sedimentation on sucrose density gradients and tested for sensitivity to added calmodulin. The 14S dynein obtained by a 5-min extraction was generally insensitive to added calmodulin, whereas that obtained by 20-hr extraction of the 5-min extracted axonemes was activated by calmodulin, the activation being much larger in the "light" 14S fractions than in the "heavy" fractions. The 30S dynein ATPase obtained by a 5-min extraction was generally activated over 1.6-fold by added calmodulin, whereas that obtained by the subsequent long extraction was usually activated only 1.3-fold. After further purification of the 5-min extracted 30S dynein and of the 5-min to 20-hr-extracted 14S dynein on DEAE Sephacel, these dyneins retained much of their calmodulin activatability. The ATPase activity of both 14S and 30S dyneins was inhibited more strongly by erythro-9-[3-(2-hydroxynonyl)] adenine and by vanadate in the presence of added calmodulin than in its absence. These data suggest that the only ATPase activity present in the fractions studied is that of the dyneins and demonstrate that both the 14S and 30S dynein ATPases may be obtained in forms that are activated by added calmodulin as well as in forms that are insensitive to added calmodulin. PMID- 6236230 TI - Inhibition of erythrocyte membrane shape change by band 3 cytoplasmic fragment. AB - The ATP-dependent transformation of crenated white human erythrocyte ghosts into smoothed disc and cup forms is inhibited by the soluble 40-45-kilodalton (kDa) cytoplasmic portion of the major transmembrane protein, band 3. The band 3 fragment was prepared by chymotryptic treatment of inverted vesicles stripped of peripheral proteins. When present at greater than or equal to 0.2 mg per mg membrane protein (ie, greater than or equal to 2 mol fragment per mol endogenous band 3), the fragment significantly reduced the rate of shape change but did not alter the proportion of membranes that were ultimately converted into smoothed forms (greater than 90%). The inhibitory activity of the fragment could not be attributed to contamination of the fragment preparation by actin or proteolytic enzymes. ATP-independent shape transformation was not inhibited. The band 3 fragment may compete with endogenous, intact band 3 for an association with the spectrin-actin network required for ATP-dependent smoothing of crenated membranes. PMID- 6236231 TI - Increased efficiency of binding of nascent C3b to the erythrocytes of chronic cold agglutinin disease. AB - The pathogenesis of chronic cold agglutinin disease (CCAD) has been enigmatic. To determine if abnormal erythrocyte membrane constituents might provide the stimulus for antibody production, we compared the electrophoretic pattern of radiolabeled membrane glycoproteins of four patients with CCAD to that of normal control erythrocytes. For the CCAD erythrocytes, fluorographs revealed the appearance of an abnormal band whose molecular weight was estimated at 126,000 D. Using two-dimensional gel analysis and immunoblotting techniques, it was determined that the 126,000 D glycoprotein consisted predominately of polymeric glycophorin-alpha. Previous investigations had suggested that abnormalities in glycophorin-alpha influence the functional activity of the complement system. When purified complement (C)3 was activated in the fluid-phase by cobra venom factor complexes, CCAD erythrocytes bound nascent C3b 7-27 times more efficiently than normal erythrocytes. Normal erythrocytes could be induced to manifest the appearance of the 126,000 D band, and the increased efficiency of binding of nascent C3b by incubation with CCAD serum or with the purified cold agglutinin antibody plus autologous serum, but not with the purified antibody alone or the purified antibody plus EDTA-chelated autologous serum. These studies demonstrate that the interactions of IgM cold-reacting antibody and complement with glycophorin induce changes in the biophysical properties of the erythrocyte membrane which modify subsequent interactions with complement. PMID- 6236233 TI - Calcium transport in the rabbit superficial proximal convoluted tubule. AB - Calcium transport was studied in isolated S2 segments of rabbit superficial proximal convoluted tubules. 45Ca was added to the perfusate for measurement of lumen-to-bath flux (JlbCa), to the bath for bath-to-lumen flux (JblCa), and to both perfusate and bath for net flux (JnetCa). In these studies, the perfusate consisted of an equilibrium solution that was designed to minimize water flux or electrochemical potential differences (PD). Under these conditions, JlbCa (9.1 +/ 1.0 peq/mm X min) was not different from JblCa (7.3 +/- 1.3 peq/mm X min), and JnetCa was not different from zero, which suggests that calcium transport in the superficial proximal convoluted tubule is due primarily to passive transport. The efflux coefficient was 9.5 +/- 1.2 X 10(-5) cm/s, which was not significantly different from the influx coefficient, 7.0 +/- 1.3 X 10(-5) cm/s. When the PD was made positive or negative with use of different perfusates, net calcium absorption or secretion was demonstrated, respectively, which supports a major role for passive transport. These results indicate that in the superficial proximal convoluted tubule of the rabbit, passive driving forces are the major determinants of calcium transport. PMID- 6236232 TI - Defective binding of spectrin to ankyrin in a kindred with recessively inherited hereditary elliptocytosis. AB - The interaction of spectrin with spectrin-depleted inside-out membrane vesicles was studied in a kindred with an atypical variant of hereditary elliptocytosis inherited in a recessive manner. The probands are characterized by prominent elliptocytosis, decreased erythrocyte thermal stability, an altered limited tryptic peptide pattern of spectrin digested at low ionic strength, and defective spectrin dimer-dimer association. The parents are normal. The spectrin/band 3 ratio determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) of isolated membranes of the probands was decreased to approximately 70% of control values, and total erythrocyte spectrin content in one proband was also decreased on SDS-PAGE. When a monospecific antispectrin antibody was used, a faintly labeled fragment of molecular weight approximately 28,000 was detected on immunoblots of whole cell lysates of one proband and a control, but could not account for the decreased erythrocyte spectrin content of the proband on SDS PAGE. Binding and competitive inhibition studies revealed an alteration in the spectrin-ankyrin interaction due to an abnormality of spectrin in the probands. No defect was found in the mother; the father's spectrin showed decreased binding affinity, although it was not so severe as in the probands. Separation of bound and unbound spectrin dimers from one proband and subsequent conversion to tetramers showed that the self-association defect was detectable only on the bound subpopulation of her spectrin. These findings demonstrate a hitherto undescribed functional abnormality of spectrin in this kindred which could result in decreased stability of the membrane skeleton and contribute to the elliptocytic shape of these erythrocytes. PMID- 6236234 TI - Attachment and severely handicapped children: implications for intervention. AB - This report provides a selected overview of the concept of attachment and its formation in handicapped children. The implications of attachment development in more severely impaired children are discussed. The presentation of preliminary data on attachment from 50 mother-child dyads suggests that this phenomenon does exist and can be assessed in very impaired children. Child attachment responses formed a continuum ranging from bland or neutral behaviors to subtle acknowledgment of mother's presence or absence (e.g., by nodding or glancing) to a more pronounced response (e.g., smiling, crying, sitting up, locomoting). Compared to nonhandicapped children of similar developmental age, the responses of the children in this study were less complex, provocative, and differentiated. The implications of these data for pediatric practice and promoting attachment in families of severely impaired children are discussed. PMID- 6236236 TI - Dentistry for the handicapped and homebound. PMID- 6236235 TI - Myalgia and elevation in muscle creatine phosphokinase during zimelidine treatment. AB - The authors report a case involving a 65-year-old woman with DSM-III criteria for major unipolar depression in whom the administration of zimelidine, a potent and selective 5-hydroxytryptamine reuptake inhibitor, led to the development of a hypersensitivity reaction characterized by a severe headache, low grade fever, abnormal liver enzymes, and generalized myalgia 10 days after initiation of treatment. The most novel aspect of this hypersensitivity reaction to zimelidine was the development of abnormalities in muscle creatine phosphokinase in conjunction with the myalgia. PMID- 6236237 TI - Experimental ampicillin glomerulonephropathy. AB - Eighteen dogs were given repeated doses (between 4 and 19) of ampicillin (7 mg per kg intramuscularly on 3 days a week). Fifteen of the dogs developed a subclinical glomerulonephropathy characterized by mesangial hypercellularity. While only 9 of the 18 dogs showed electron-dense deposits in the mesangium, 14 dogs had glomerular deposits of IgG and 11 of these had C3 deposits also. PMID- 6236238 TI - Desensitization of dentin by resin impregnation: a clinical and light-microscopic investigation. AB - Desensitization of dentin by resin impregnation and the pulpal effect of impregnation procedures were studied in fifty-one pairs of contralateral exposures located on cuspal tips of young premolars. One surface in each pair was impregnated. Pretreatment consisted of etching, antibacterial cleaning and desiccation. Concise Enamel Bond was used for impregnation. Excess was removed or reduced before polymerization. The sensitivity to probing and compressed air was tested after seven to eighteen days. The impregnated surface was less sensitive than the untreated one in forty-one pairs. No difference was reported by nine patients. Twenty-nine impregnated and three untreated surfaces were insensitive to testing. In most histologically examined teeth, impregnated or not, a local, slight inflammation was seen in the pulp horn. Microorganisms usually penetrated some dentinal tubules. Resin impregnation as applied in the present study could reduce or eliminate the sensitivity of exposed dentin, but did not prevent infectious irritation of the pulp. PMID- 6236239 TI - Value of serum diazepam and nordiazepam measurements in anxious patients. AB - The relationship between the dose and anxiolytic effects of diazepam and the serum concentrations of diazepam and nordiazepam were examined in groups of acutely and chronically anxious patients. The results showed a significant correlation between dose and serum nordiazepam concentrations after short-term (14-day) administration, but no significant association between clinical symptoms of anxiety and serum diazepam and nordiazepam. We conclude that the main value of serum benzodiazepine measurements in anxious patients in assessing compliance, particularly in patients suspected of taking more than the recommended dose. Serum nordiazepam is a more consistent index of dosage after chronic therapy than serum diazepam because it has a longer elimination half-time. PMID- 6236240 TI - Life events and depression. Part 1. Effect of sex, age and civil status. AB - This is the first of three articles dealing with some basic aspects of the relationship between life events and depression, and is also one part of a larger study in which the possible impact of stressful events has been studied from a multifactorial point of view. Two-hundred and four patients suffering from a depressive disorder, consecutively admitted to the Department of Psychiatry of the Umea University have participated in a study of life events carried out by means of a specially constructed life events inventory that was used as a guideline for a semistructured interview. The results of this part of the study show that there are no pronounced differences in the occurrence, or appraisal of life events between male and female patients. The more vulnerable, older patients have experienced significantly fewer life events, even of the fateful type, prior to the onset of depression. No difference was found between patients who were married or lived together with a partner and patients who were unmarried, separated, divorced or widowed except in the categories of events (e.g. 'conflict' events) which might have been the very reason for a separation or a divorce. The results are discussed in relation to other findings in the literature. PMID- 6236241 TI - Life events and depression. Part 2. Results in diagnostic subgroups, and in relation to the recurrence of depression. AB - Although there is evidence that the occurrence of stressful life events might be important for the onset and development of depression, it is still unclear whether differences occur in diagnostic subgroups of depressed patients, or in relation to type of episode, i.e., whether the first event or a relapse in a depression with a recurrent course. The present study has been carried out to investigate these issues more closely. Two hundred and six depressed patients have been classified into bipolar, unipolar, neurotic-reactive, and unspecified subgroups according to given definitions. The patients have also been classified into those suffering from a first episode and those suffering from recurrent depression. Each patient, when sufficiently improved, was given a semistructured interview, based on a specially constructed 56-item life events inventory. Unipolar and bipolar patients proved to have experienced significantly fewer events, even of the 'fateful' type (i.e., independent of depression) than the neurotic-reactive patients. However, this difference appeared to be due to difference in age among the groups and not to diagnosis. No difference occurred between uni- and bipolar patients. Patients with recurrent depression showed only small differences compared with patients in their first episode. These differences were consistently in the direction of fewer events in patients with recurrent depression. The implications of these results are discussed in relation to findings published by other authors. PMID- 6236242 TI - Life events and depression. Part 3. Relation to severity of the depressive syndrome. AB - Two hundred and six depressed patients, consecutively treated at the Department of Psychiatry, Umea University were investigated both concerning the occurrence of life events within defined time limits and the severity of their depressive syndrome. Three different criteria were used to divide the patients according to severity: whether they were in- or out-patients, whether or not they were psychotic according to a classification model (MACM) used at Umea and, finally, according to the clinical ratings received by those admitted to the hospital. The average number of events experienced by the patients within the time limits set by the study was similar in each of the subgroups taken into account. A weak, but still statistically significant, relation was found between a negative experience of the events and the total score obtained at the ratings. The occurrence of events 'independent' of depression did not distinguish between the groups. Thus, the results of this study do not support the opinion maintained by some authors that there is a sizeable positive relation between magnitude of life events and seriousness of illness. PMID- 6236244 TI - Peripheral serotonergic receptor sensitivity in depressive illness. AB - Platelet aggregation induced by 5-HT was used as a measure of the functional responsiveness of peripheral 5-HT receptors in controls and drug-free depressed patients. No significantly different aggregatory response (5-HT/ADP ratio) was noted between the controls and drug-free depressed patients. If the receptor mediating this response is a 5-HT2 receptor, there is no overwhelming evidence to suggest that the functional activity of this system is abnormal during a depressive illness. The results are discussed with reference to reported abnormalities of 5-HT2 receptors during a depressive illness and to their change during antidepressant treatment. PMID- 6236245 TI - Psychomotor retardation and agitation in depression. Relationship to age, sex, and response to treatment. AB - Patients with primary affective disorder who had either psychomotor agitation alone or psychomotor retardation alone were studied. Compared to psychomotor retardation, psychomotor agitation appears to be seen more frequently in women, older patients, and individuals who have a late onset to their illness. In addition, those with agitation alone appeared to have a better and faster response to electroconvulsive therapy. PMID- 6236243 TI - Affective disorder not linked to HLA in a large bipolar kindred. AB - Recent studies have suggested genetic linkage between the major histocompatibility complex and affective disorder. We tested this hypothesis in a large pedigree of bipolar affective disorder in which 22 of 37 relatives were interviewed and HLA typing was carried out on 20. The findings provided no evidence for linkage between affective disorder and HLA antigens. Our findings are discussed along with those of other linkage studies bearing on this question. PMID- 6236246 TI - Depressive symptoms in rape victims. A revisit. AB - Ninety recent victims of sexual assault were assessed within 4 weeks of the assault for evidence of depressive symptomatology and major depressive disorder. The results suggested 43% of the subjects met Research Diagnostic Criteria for major depressive disorder, with sleep disturbance and dysphoria being the most frequently endorsed symptoms. Older subjects and subjects who had been sexually victimized prior to the current assault were at significantly higher risk for developing major depressive disorder post-assault. Follow-up assessments revealed a diminution of depressive symptoms by 3 months after initial assessment and a continuing stabilization of mood at 6 and 12 months. PMID- 6236247 TI - A comparative clinical study of two pit and fissure sealants: 7-year results in Augusta, GA. AB - This 7-year evaluation of the Augusta study reinforces earlier conclusions regarding the long-term retention of sealants and their efficacy in caries protection. Although more time will be required to answer all the questions about sealants, sufficient data are now available to document their efficacy as caries preventive agents. It is imperative that the dental profession provide this safe and effective preventive technique for the public so that dental disease can either be reduced or further postponed. PMID- 6236248 TI - Repeat coronary angioplasty. AB - The potential of repeat percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty as a mode of therapy for recurrence of stenosis after initially successful angioplasty was examined on the basis of data on all 514 patients with successful angioplasty at Emory University before April 1982. Recurrence was found in 171 (33%) of the 514 patients. Repeat angioplasty was attempted in 95 patients with a significantly higher primary success rate (97 versus 85%, p less than 0.001) and a lower complication rate (8 versus 15%, p less than 0.10) than those of initial angioplasty. Follow-up documentation was available in all 92 patients with successful repeat angioplasty. A second recurrence of stenosis was found in 26% (24 of 92). A third angioplasty was performed in seven patients; six procedures were successful and there have been no recurrences of stenosis. Repeat coronary angioplasty provides a means to treat recurrence of stenosis. It proved to be very successful and safe and yielded good long-term results. It also increased the percent of patients with documented lasting success after angioplasty from 63 to 78%. PMID- 6236249 TI - Influence of acute arterial hypertension on myocardial infarct size in dogs without left ventricular hypertrophy. AB - During acute myocardial infarction an increase in arterial pressure is common in patients who were previously normotensive and, therefore, do not have left ventricular hypertrophy. However, the effect of hypertension on infarct size in the absence of hypertrophy is uncertain. Thus, 32 open chest dogs underwent a 2 hour occlusion of the mid-left anterior descending coronary artery followed by 3 hours of reperfusion. Immediately after occlusion, 14 dogs were randomized to a hypertension group (intravenous phenylephrine infusion starting 5 minutes after occlusion and terminating at the time of reperfusion, with heart rate kept constant by atrial pacing) and 18 dogs to a control group (equivalent volumes of saline solution intravenously). Twelve of the 32 dogs were excluded from analysis because they developed ventricular fibrillation during coronary occlusion or reperfusion. In the hypertension group (n = 10), the mean arterial pressure increased significantly within 10 minutes of coronary occlusion (146 +/- 7 versus 109 +/- 11 mm Hg in 10 control dogs, p less than 0.01) and was maintained approximately 40 mm Hg higher than in the control group (p less than 0.01) throughout the ischemic period. Heart rate was similar in the two groups throughout the experiment. After the dogs were sacrificed, the region normally supplied by the occluded artery (anatomic "region at risk") was identified by simultaneous perfusion of the aortic root and the coronary artery distal to the occlusion. The heart was sectioned transversely and stained with triphenyltetrazolium-chloride. The infarcted area and the anatomic risk area were determined by video planimetry.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6236250 TI - The DNA synthetic response of normal and abnormal human lymphocytes to mevalonic acid: the role of granulocytes as a helper population. AB - In order to investigate the role of neutrophils in the DNA synthetic response of human peripheral blood lymphocytes to mevalonic acid, we obtained preparations of both cells each free of cross-contamination by the other. Purified lymphocytes respond poorly to mevalonic acid, but their response can be significantly enhanced by one half their number of neutrophils. Preincubation of lymphocytes with neutrophils for 24 hr, even in the absence of mevalonic acid, further increases the lymphocyte response. We have been unable to demonstrate the production by granulocytes of either an intracellular or extracellular mevalonate derived growth factor that in turn stimulates lymphocytes. Granulocytes preexposed to mevalonate do not acquire the ability to stimulate lymphocyte DNA synthesis in the absence of mevalonate. Our experiments suggest that neither neutrophil lysosomal enzymes nor reactive oxygen species generated by neutrophils are responsible for the help neutrophils provide. Normal E rosette-positive lymphocytes fail to respond to mevalonate, whereas E rosette-negative cells do. The mevalonate response of normal E rosette-negative cells is enhanced by the presence of granulocytes in contrast to B cell-chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells that synthesize DNA briskly in response to mevalonic acid in the absence of neutrophil help. These observations add to our knowledge of the relationship between mevalonate metabolism and the regulation of cellular DNA synthesis and mitosis. PMID- 6236251 TI - Effect of digoxin on ejection fraction in elderly patients with congestive heart failure. AB - To assess the effect of oral digoxin on left ventricular systolic function in elderly patients, radionuclide angiography was performed on 20 patients 74 years old or older before and after several weeks of oral digoxin. The mean age was 83.8 years. All had congestive heart failure or cardiomegaly, and all were in sinus rhythm. The ejection fraction was 0.36 +/- 0.10 (mean +/- SD) before digoxin; 0.45 +/- 0.09 after digoxin (P less than 0.01). A comparison group that did not receive digoxin had no significant improvement in ejection fraction. In ten patients serial radionuclide angiograms were repeated after increasing serum digoxin concentrations. Six demonstrated maximal improvement in ejection fraction at serum digoxin concentrations of 0.4-1.0 ng/ml. It is concluded that oral digoxin improves left ventricular ejection fraction in elderly patients with congestive heart failure or cardiomegaly who are in sinus rhythm. Some of these patients achieve maximal improvement in ejection fraction at serum digoxin concentrations of less than 1.0 ng/ml. PMID- 6236252 TI - A quenched-flow apparatus which allows the measurement of the kinetics of a reaction in one stroke. AB - A chemical quenched-flow apparatus is described which measures, in a unique stroke, enough data points (8-11) for establishing the kinetics curve of a reaction. Only very small volumes of reaction solutions (2 X 500 microliters) are required. The time intervals between which the kinetic data may be measured range from 5 to 37 ms and from 120 to 450 ms with the corresponding mixing times of 0.6 and 5 ms, respectively. This apparatus was used to investigate the pre-steady state domain of the aminoacylation reaction of tRNAVal by valyl-tRNA synthetase from yeast. PMID- 6236253 TI - [The effect of Bis-GMA based resins on insoluble collagen and its biocompatibility with the dentin matrix]. PMID- 6236254 TI - [Experimental studies on peripheral nerve regeneration: cells composing the tissue union organized after nerve transection in the rat]. PMID- 6236255 TI - Efficacy of transfer of antibiotic resistance determinants in Staphylococcus aureus strains in mixed culture of donor and recipient cells. AB - A series of 113 Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from clinical specimens were used to study efficacy of transfer of determinants of PNC, STM, CMP, TTC, ERY and KAN resistances in mixed culture of donor strains and the recipient S. aureus strain 5849-fur-r, rif-r. It was found that TTC resistance was transferred at the highest frequencies (G = 3.93 X 10(-5], the differences in transfer of PNC, STM, CMP and ERY resistances were not significant at P less than or equal to 0.01. The efficacy of transfers turned out to depend on numerous factors having a multiple effect. PMID- 6236256 TI - Phorbol esters inhibit the functional activation of cytotoxic precursors in mixed lymphocyte cultures. AB - We have investigated the effect of phorbol esters on T cell activation and generation of suppressor and cytotoxic activity in mixed lymphocyte cultures (MLC). The presence of 30 nM P(Bu)2 during the sensitization phase inhibited the generation of allospecific cytotoxicity and also decreased the killing potential against NK-sensitive targets. The inhibition was not mediated by direct blocking of the lytic capacity nor by suppression of clonal expansion of cytotoxic cells through modulation of lymphokine production. The presence of P(Bu)2 enhanced cell proliferation, but inhibited the functional activation of lymphocytes and consequent generation of Dr antigen-positive T cells. Because the presence of the compound did not affect the MLC-induced generation of suppressor activity, it is likely that P(Bu)2 selectively blocks the maturation of cytotoxic precursors. Surface-marker analysis with OKT monoclonal antibodies revealed that the effects on lymphocyte activation were associated with a decrease in OKT3 and OKT4 reactivity and an increase in the percentage of OKT8-positive cells. The decrease in OKT4 reactivity was not due to selective loss of this lymphocyte subpopulation, because P(Bu)2 was equally mitogenic for the purified OKT4- and OKT8-positive subsets. The results suggest that the effect of P(Bu)2 on cell differentiation and its ability to modulate the expression of functional markers in lymphocyte subsets may interfere with T-T cell cooperation that controls the functional maturation of cytotoxic precursors. PMID- 6236257 TI - A glycopeptide extract can inhibit cytotoxic T lymphocyte-target cell conjugation in an H-2-restricted manner. AB - Glycopeptides extracted from P815, a DBA/2 (H-2d) mastocytoma, were able to inhibit conjugate formation between anti-H-2d CTL and an H-2d target, but were not able to inhibit conjugate formation between anti-H-2k or anti-H-2b CTL and an appropriate target. This genetically specific effect was seen for CTL generated in primary bulk cultures and for long-term CTL lines, and was observed regardless of the strain combinations used to generate CTL. The phenomenon was quantitatively reproducible between independent experiments and between three separate preparations of P815 glycopeptide. These results suggest that recognition by CTL involves cell surface carbohydrate groups, and that the structure of these groups is influenced by H-2. PMID- 6236258 TI - Studies on the mechanism of suppression of primary cytotoxic responses by cloned cytotoxic T lymphocytes. AB - We have shown in the accompanying companion paper that cloned cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) can serve as veto cells in vitro, suppressing primary cytotoxic activity directed against antigens expressed by those cloned CTL but not against third party antigens. We now explore the mechanism of this antigen-specific suppression by cloned CTL, using as a model system the ability of G4, a BALB.B anti-H-2Dd CTL clone, to specifically suppress a primary in vitro anti-H-2b CTL response. G4 cells do not constitutively secrete a suppressor factor, because suppression cannot be mediated by supernatants removed from G4 cells at a time when they are routinely used as veto cells. Furthermore, medium removed from cultures suppressed by G4 will not suppress, indicating that the veto cell function of G4 is not mediated by soluble factors. Full suppression of primary anti-H-2b CTL responses requires that G4 be present throughout the 5-day mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC). Removal of G4 during the first 3 days of MLC results in a drastic reduction in the level of antigen-specific suppression, with a slight but reproducible loss of suppression after veto cell removal on day 4. The addition of G4 during the course of an ongoing MLC reveals that maximal suppression requires the presence of veto cells during the first 24 to 48 hr of culture. Thus, G4 cells must be present both early and late in an MLC to exert maximal veto cell suppression. Several experiments suggest that G4-induced veto cell activity is unlikely to be due to cytolysis of CTL precursors which are capable of recognizing G4. G4 cannot specifically recognize these CTL precursors, and G4 cells are inefficient at lectin-mediated lysis of non-tumor cell targets. Furthermore, we show that G4 cells cannot lyse CTL which recognize them. Finally, dilutions of anti-clonotypic antibodies which completely block both lectin mediated and specific cytolysis by G4 do not block (and in fact enhance) G4 mediated veto cell activity. PMID- 6236259 TI - Defective regulation of immune responses in respiratory syncytial virus infection. AB - The relationship of suppressor cell numbers and function to virus-specific IgE response was determined in 72 infants with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection. Monoclonal antibodies to membrane antigens were used to enumerate OKT4 and OKT8 antigen-positive cells, and suppressor cell function as quantitated by the degree of suppression of lymphocyte mitogenesis induced by incubation of lymphocyte cultures with histamine. Patients with bronchiolitis had fewer OKT8 positive cells during convalescence than patients with other forms of illness due to RSV (p less than 0.05). An inverse correlation of OKT8-positive cell numbers and peak IgE titers was observed (p less than 0.01). Histamine-induced suppression was also reduced in patients with bronchiolitis (p less than 0.05). In patients with repeated infection, improved histamine-induced suppression was associated with reduced virus-specific IgE titers and the absence of wheezing. Defects in immunoregulation may underlie previously recognized immunologic and pharmacologic abnormalities in patients with bronchiolitis. PMID- 6236260 TI - Experimental allergic encephalomyelitis: successful treatment in vivo with a monoclonal antibody that recognizes T helper cells. AB - Monoclonal antibody W3/25, which recognizes rat T helper cells, was injected i.p. or i.v. into Lewis rats with clinical signs of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE). This treatment, which was given 12 or 13 days after inducing EAE by the injection of purified myelin basic protein, significantly affected the course of the disease in that treated animals recovered, on the average, in 2 days, whereas control animals exhibited signs of EAE for a minimum of 4 days. Two pan-T cell monoclonal antibodies given in similar dosage failed to affect the course of the disease. PMID- 6236261 TI - Autoimmune effector cells. VI. Transfer of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis with spleen cells activated in mixed lymphocyte cultures. AB - Although spleen cells (SpC) from Lewis rats that have been immunized with guinea pig myelin basic protein in complete Freund's adjuvant do not transfer experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) to syngeneic recipients, we report that effector cells of EAE can be activated in SpC suspensions during mixed lymphocyte reactions (MLR) to allogeneic SpC. Effector cell activation correlates with interleukin 2 (IL 2) production. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that autoreactive cells may be generated as a result of an immune response to exogenous antigens. PMID- 6236262 TI - Effects of monoclonal antibodies directed against murine T lymphocyte cell surface antigens on lymphokine production by cloned T lymphocytes reactive with class I MHC or Mls alloantigens. AB - Monoclonal antibodies recognizing murine T lymphocyte cell surface structures implicated in T lymphocyte-mediated cytolysis, including Lyt-2, L3T4, LFA-1, and a cytolytic T lymphocyte (CTL) clonotypic determinant, were used as probes to investigate the role of these structures in lymphokine production by T cell clones induced by antigen or lectin. The clone-specific antibody 384.5 bound to and inhibited antigen-induced lymphokine production by the L3 CTL clone, but did not affect lymphokine production by other T cell clones. Antibodies against the T cell surface structures Lyt-2 or L3T4, which are expressed by mutually exclusive T cell subsets, inhibited antigen-induced lymphokine production by class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigen-reactive CTL clones or an M1s-reactive helper T lymphocyte (HTL) clone, respectively. Antibody against the broadly distributed LFA-1 molecule inhibited antigen-induced lymphokine production by all of the clones tested. Lectin-induced lymphokine production by cloned T cells was not inhibited by the clonotypic antibody, anti-Lyt-2, or anti-LFA-1; slight inhibition of the HTL clone was observed with the anti-L3T4 antibody. None of these structures appear to be uniquely involved with a particular functional response. Our results suggest that each of these structures is involved with the interactions between the effector cell and the stimulating cell leading to lymphokine production. PMID- 6236263 TI - Affinity of phytohemagglutinin (PHA) isolectins for serum proteins and regulation of the lectin-induced lymphocyte transformation. AB - The lectin (PHA) from Phaseolus vulgaris is a tetrameric glycoprotein composed of two different subunits (E and L). The lectin exists as five isolectins (L4, L3E, L2E2, LE3, and E4) that apparently originate from all possible tetrameric combinations of the two subunits. We have investigated two isolectins, PHA-E4 and PHA-L4, with respect to their affinity for human serum glycoproteins, and have subsequently determined how these interactions modulate the ability of the isolectins to induce lymphocyte transformation. PHA-E4 has affinity for 14 identified serum glycoproteins, whereas PHA-L4 exhibited affinity for nine of these proteins. IgM, IgA, IgG, alpha 2-macroglobulin, beta-lipoprotein, and haptoglobin showed the strongest reactivity with PHA-E4; haptoglobin, IgG, and IgA were also the best ligands for PHA-L4. The glycoprotein levels of human serum were then reduced by running the serum over PHA-E4 and PHA-L4 affinity columns, respectively, and the glycoproteins that bound to the two immobilized isolectins were eluted, pooled, and concentrated. The ability of PHA-E4 and PHA-L4 to activate human lymphocytes in the presence of (i) normal human serum, (ii) human serum with reduced levels of glycoproteins, and (iii) human serum with elevated levels of glycoproteins revealed a strong regulatory effect of the glycoproteins on the lymphocyte transformation. When the inhibitory glycoproteins and glycolipids were removed from serum, the mitogenic effect of PHA-E4 increased 200 fold, whereas PHA-L4 exhibited only a 25-fold increase in mitogenic activity. These results show that the so-called "erythroreactive isolectin (PHA-E4)" actually possesses a strong mitogenic activity of its own, but that this has been masked by the interference of serum components. PMID- 6236264 TI - Enhancing effects of monocytes on modulation of a lymphocyte membrane antigen. AB - Redistribution, or modulation, of some cell surface antigens occurs in the presence of specific antibody. The phenomenon of antigenic modulation may therefore affect the use of antibodies as therapeutic agents. This study was undertaken to investigate modulation of the 65,000 dalton T65 antigen, present on normal and malignant T cells and some malignant B cells, which is recognized by the monoclonal antibody T101. To induce cell surface antigenic modulation, normal or leukemic lymphoid cells were cultured in the presence of monoclonal antibody T101 for 3-hr periods. Removal of monocytes from mononuclear cell preparations resulted in significantly lower degrees of T65 antigenic modulation. The degree of antigenic modulation could be increased by adding monocytes back to monocyte depleted lymphocyte suspensions. Furthermore, maximal modulation occurred in the presence of monocytes at T101 concentrations that were 3 logs lower than in the absence of monocytes. The enhancing effect of monocytes was dependent on the Fc portion of the T101 antibody molecule, and presumably was mediated by cross linking of antigen-antibody complexes on the surface membrane of the modulating cell by Fc receptors present on monocytes. Further experiments performed to examine the characteristics of this enhancement of antigenic modulation by monocytes indicated that autologous as well as allogeneic monocytes were effective, indicating that the enhancing phenomenon was not dependent upon recognition of major histocompatibility antigens. Viable monocytes were required, but pretreatment of monocytes with sodium azide to inhibit energy production, or indomethacin to inhibit prostaglandin synthesis had no effect on this phenomenon. Polymorphonuclear leukocytes did not mediate similar enhancement, although monocytic and myeloid cell lines U937, THP-1, and HL-60 did. Spent culture medium from modulated cultures and preparations containing IL 1 activity did not enhance modulation of the T65 surface antigen on lymphocytes, suggesting that direct contact between lymphocytes and monocytes is required to mediate the effect. The finding that leukemic cells from patients with CLL undergo modulation of the T65 antigen to a much lower degree in vitro than observed in vivo, and that this difference can be overcome by the addition of monocytes, suggests that monocytes or the reticuloendothelial system may augment antigenic modulation in vivo. PMID- 6236265 TI - Increased numbers of suppressor-cytotoxic cells in a patient with carbamazepine hypersensitivity. AB - A patient is presented with a clinical syndrome of erythroderma, fever, liver function abnormalities, eosinophilia and atypical lymphocytosis due to carbamazepine hypersensitivity. Immunological analysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells was performed using mouse monoclonal antibodies against T-cell and Ia antigens. A 12-fold increase in the absolute numbers of suppressor cytotoxic T-cells was found, resulting in a reversed helper/suppressor ratio. Also the number of Ia-positive cells was greatly increased. Carbamazepine may induce a reversible proliferation and activation of the suppressor-cytotoxic subset of T-cells. Implications and pathogenetic possibilities are briefly discussed. PMID- 6236267 TI - delta 5-3 beta-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase delta 4-5-isomerase activity and metabolism of dehydroepiandrosterone in rat preputial gland. AB - After intracardial injection of [1,2-3H]dehydroepiandrosterone ([3H]DHA) into female rats, [3H]DHA was found to accumulate and was metabolized in the preputial gland, but not in the diaphragm. The identified metabolites of [3H]DHA in the preputial gland were delta 4-androstenedione-3 alpha, 17 beta-diol. Cells were isolated from the preputial gland after treatment with trypsin and collagenase III, and centrifugation in Ficoll gradients. Activity of the enzyme complex delta 5-3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase delta 4-5-isomerase (3 beta-HSD) responsible for transforming DHA into delta 4-androstenedione was found mainly in the 105,000 g pellet (microsomal fraction) of homogenates of the isolated cells. It used preferentially NAD over NADP as a coenzyme, with a pH optimum at 8.5. The apparent Km for DHA was 5.5 X 10(-5) M, and the Vmax was 1.72 nmol/min/mg microsomal protein. These findings indicate that DHA is preferentially taken up by the preputial gland where it undergoes metabolism to form more potent androgens, and suggest that DHA may have important androgenic influence on the preputial gland. PMID- 6236266 TI - Comparison of three resin systems in the restoration of fractured young anterior teeth. PMID- 6236268 TI - [Effect of diltiazem on diastolic performance of the hypertrophied left ventricle in patients with systemic hypertension and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy]. AB - We studied the effect of a calcium antagonist, diltiazem, on left ventricular (LV) diastolic performance of hypertrophied hearts in five patients (pts) with systemic hypertension (HHD) and 6 pts with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) by a combined phonoechocardiographic technique. Data were analyzed before and after the oral administration of diltiazem (90-180 mg/day). In HHD, the prolonged LV isovolumic relaxation time, measured from the onset of the aortic component of the second heart sound to the beginning of the mitral valve opening, decreased significantly from 112 +/- 17 to 90 +/- 9 msec (p less than 0.01) and normalized LV peak filling rate during rapid filling phase increased in all pts without a statistic significance. This filling rate during atrial contraction phase decreased (1.61 +/- 0.59 to 0.93 +/- 0.22 sec-1, p less than 0.05). In HCM, LV isovolumic relaxation time and normalized LV peak filling rate during rapid filling phase showed no significant change, although normalized LV peak filling rate during atrial contraction phase decreased significantly (1.20 +/- 0.27 to 1.05 +/- 0.24 sec-1, p less than 0.05). In both pts groups, no significant changes were observed in R-R interval, systolic blood pressure, LV end-systolic dimension, end-diastolic dimension and fractional shortening of the LV minor axis before and after the administration of diltiazem. These data indicate that diltiazem shortens abnormally prolonged LV diastolic relaxation time and improves LV diastolic filling in pts with HHD, whereas diltiazem failes to show such effects in pts with HCM except for a decrease in the normalized LV peak filling rate during atrial contraction phase. PMID- 6236269 TI - [Prevalence of periodontal diseases in severely disabled patients]. PMID- 6236270 TI - Posterolateral fusion with instrumentation in the symptomatic failed back patients. AB - Thirty-two symptomatic failed back patients after lumbar spine surgery performed for disc lesions underwent posterolateral fusion involving an adaptation of two distraction rod or combined distraction and compression rod instrumentation following decompression procedure when necessary. The main causative pathology of persistent pain was segmental instability with or without nerve root entrapment. The average follow-up period was 35 months. Twenty-eight patients responded that they were satisfied with the final operation. Fusion rate was 100% at the present study. The salvage instrumentation surgery to the failed back was thought to have brought about removal of instability, restoration of the disc height to some extent and decompression in some cases. PMID- 6236271 TI - Multiple regression analysis. Evaluation of low back pain syndrome (preliminary report). AB - In the objective judgment of the therapeutic effects and in the comparison of results in institutions and treatment methods, it is essential to introduce the technique of scientific and statistical analysis, in the clinical evaluation. We have tried to clinically evaluate lumbago and sciatica using the technique of multiple regression analysis. Selection of evaluation item and allocation of scores to the item were carried out in 104 patients. Multiple regression analysis was carried out in all patients and the standard regression coefficient showed a correlation with criterion variable (dependent Y) in the order of walking, pain, posture, paralytic symptom in lower limbs and SLR (straight leg raising test). The proportion was 0.69, which seems to be a nearly valid value when other factors are considered. PMID- 6236272 TI - Handicapped children referral in Kansas. PMID- 6236273 TI - Altered aortic prostaglandin synthesis in a mild form of diabetes and the influence of dietary cholesterol. AB - Extreme hyperglycemia (350 mg/dl) in rats results from streptozocin injection (50 mg/kg) and leads to a reduced aortic capacity for prostacyclin synthesis. Other complications such as hyperlipemia and alterations in body weight gain (loss or no gain) that might be responsible for the altered aortic prostacyclin synthesis occur concurrently. We injected neonatal rats (2 days of age) with intraperitoneal streptozocin to induce chronic mild diabetes (mean plasma glucose, 241 mg/dl) characterized in adult rats by normal body weight gain, normolipemia, and a physical appearance virtually indistinguishable from controls. Plasma insulin levels were reduced in rats with mild diabetes rats to 66% of control levels. A group of control and diabetic rats were given a 0.5% cholesterol diet for 7 weeks to induce hyperlipemia. Rats with diabetes and control rats given the cholesterol diet had elevated plasma insulin levels of 32% and 51%, respectively, and no alteration in plasma glucose levels (compared with respective controls), suggesting a state of insulin resistance. Aortic synthesis of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha from endogenous arachidonic acid was reduced in rats with mild diabetes and normolipemia or hyperlipemia. In contrast, the aortic conversion of exogenous arachidonic acid to 6-keto-PGF1 alpha was reduced only in rats with mild diabetes and hyperlipemia. Our results demonstrate that: (1) aortic prostacyclin synthesis is reduced in mild diabetes in the absence of alteration in plasma lipid levels and body weight gain; (2) aortic prostacyclin synthesis from endogenous arachidonic acid is more sensitive to diabetes than synthesis from exogenous arachidonic acid; (3) dietary cholesterol induces a state similar to insulin resistance and interacts with mild diabetes, resulting in reduced aortic prostacyclin synthesis from exogenous arachidonic acid. PMID- 6236275 TI - Cell surface expression of murine, rat, and human Fc receptors by Xenopus oocytes. AB - We report that Xenopus laevis oocytes can efficiently translate and insert heterologous membrane receptors into the oocyte plasma membrane, where they can be detected by the binding of either monoclonal antibodies or ligands. Thus, oocytes injected with mRNA from the mouse J774 macrophage-like cell line, the rat RBL-1 basophilic leukemia, and the U937 promonocyte cell line, bound 2.4G2 Fab, rat IgE, and mouse IgG2a, respectively. The increase in the high avidity Fc gamma R observed after gamma-interferon induction of U937 cells was also observed after injection of mRNA from gamma-interferon-induced U937 cells into oocytes. This suggests either much greater message stability or a greater rate of transcription of Fc gamma Rhi mRNA in the gamma-interferon-induced cells. The assay affords a sensitive method for the detection of rare mRNA species that code for plasma membrane proteins. PMID- 6236274 TI - Characterization of soluble factors that induce the cytolytic activity and the expression of T cell growth factor receptors of a T cell hybrid. AB - A rat X mouse T cell hybrid (PC60) proliferates in the absence of T cell growth factor (TCGF) and its cytolytic activity can be induced by culture in mixed leukocyte culture supernatants or concanavalin A-activated rat spleen cell supernatant (CS) to lyse 51Cr-labeled tumor target cells. To characterize the factor(s) responsible for this reversible induction, serum-free CS was fractionated by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography and by phenyl-Sepharose chromatography. A cytotoxicity-inducing activity (CIA) was separated from TCGF and macrophage-activating factor/interferon-gamma. CIA was found to be a macromolecule with an apparent molecular weight of 12,000-18,000 and a pI of 5.0 and 6.2. Its activity on PC60 cells depended on the addition of TCGF. Thus TCGF may have other effects on T cells than the induction of entry into cell cycle. The number of TCGF surface receptors on PC60 cells was measured using purified 3H-TCGF. TCGF receptors were undetectable on noninduced cells but appeared during induction. The expression of TCGF receptors was not induced either by TCGF or by CIA-containing supernatants or fractions alone, only by a combination of both. These results show that TCGF plays a role in the regulation of the expression of its own receptors. PMID- 6236276 TI - Antibodies to interleukin 2. Effects on immune responses in vitro and in vivo. AB - Antibodies to highly purified mouse interleukin 2 (IL-2) were raised in rabbits; a 1:500 dilution of antiserum completely blocked the in vitro mitogenic effect of 10(-9) M IL-2. The antisera functioned effectively to immunoprecipitate biosynthetically labeled IL-2 and the purified immunoglobulins were useful in the construction of affinity columns for the adsorption and one-step immunopurification of IL-2. The antibodies were apparently specific for IL-2 among the lymphokines, they did not block the biological effects of IL-1, IL-3, gamma-IFN, B cell stimulating factor(s), and cytotoxic T cell differentiation factor(s). When anti-IL-2 was added to the in vitro reactions, it blocked mixed leukocyte reactions (MLR) and associated lymphocyte proliferation, the in vitro generation of cytotoxic T cells, and antibody formation as assessed by erythrocyte-specific plaque-forming cells (PFC). When injected into mice, anti-IL 2 antibodies also reduced the formation of cytotoxic lymphocytes in response to allogeneic cells, suggesting that endogenous IL-2 participates in such reactions in vivo. Taken together, the results indicate that these IL-2 antibodies will be useful adjuncts in the analysis of immune response both in vivo and in vitro. PMID- 6236277 TI - Stages in development of mink cell focus-inducing (MCF) virus-accelerated leukemia in AKR mice. AB - Flow cytometric techniques involving correlated dual parameter analysis of fluorescence and light scatter and transplantation bioassays were used to describe a series of cellular changes in thymus of young (1-4 mo old) AKR mice during development of mink cell focus-inducing (MCF) virus-accelerated leukemia. Three stages of leukemogenesis were defined before appearance of frankly leukemic mice. Stage 1, apparent 28-40 d after injection of MCF 69L1 virus, represented steady-state infection of thymocytes by MCF virus without apparent change in light scatter properties of the cells or in expression of alloantigens Thy-1, Lyt 1, Lyt-2, L3T4a, B2A2, or H-2K on the major thymocyte subpopulations. Expression of MCF virus was highest in the population of small cortical thymocytes. Stage II was observed at highest frequency 50-60 d postinjection and represented the emergence of a clonal population of cells with transformed properties which could be resolved from normal thymocytes by light scatter and expression of B2A2, H-2K, and gp70 antigens. Stage III was observed at highest frequency at 70 d postinjection, when considerable enlargement of thymus had occurred, and appeared to represent the outgrowth of fully transformed cells that replaced the normal thymocyte subpopulations. The alloantigen phenotype of blast cells from frankly leukemic mice did not differ qualitatively from that of stage II or stage III cells but displayed considerable heterogeneity with respect to quantitative expression of alloantigens and gp70. At least two populations of leukemic blasts could be resolved in the majority of primary thymomas analyzed. It is unclear whether these populations represent the outgrowth of independent clones of transformed cells or if they are related in some way. Our data are consistent with MCF virus-induced transformation of cells in the lineage to small peanut agglutinin-positive, cortisone-sensitive thymocytes, a subpopulation that predominates in the thymus and which is thought to be destined for cell death in situ. PMID- 6236278 TI - [Experience in management of the subclavian steal syndrome]. PMID- 6236279 TI - Lysis of Escherichia coli after infection with phiX174 depends on the regulation of the cellular autolytic system. AB - The relationship between the rate of lysis of Escherichia coli infected with bacteriophage phiX174 and the physiological state of the host bacteria was determined. The lysis rate was comparable to the growth rate only in cells grown in rich media, whereas in minimal medium it was much slower than the growth rate. Lysis of starved cells grown in minimal medium could not be induced by phiX174 although progeny phages were produced. Lysis of E. coli provoked by expression of the cloned phiX174 lysis gene could be prevented by MgSO4 concentrations which also prevented lysis by induced autolysins whereas prevention of lysis of phage infected E. coli needed much higher concentrations of MgSO4. Prevention of lysis in the latter case did not reestablish viability of the infected cells whereas induction of the cloned phiX174 lysis gene allowed continued multiplication in the presence of MgSO4. Lysis of E. coli by expression of the cloned phiX174 lysis gene was suppressed at pH 6.0 and could be turned on immediately upon upshift to pH 6.8. Phage-infected cells lysed at pH 6.0. At pH 8.0, lysis of E. coli by phage infection or by the cloned lysis gene product was suppressed. pH downshifts in both cases were not followed by lysis. The results suggest that the phiX174 lysis gene product interacts in a reversible manner with the regulation of the autolytic system of E. coli. PMID- 6236280 TI - Localization of Chitin synthase in Mucor rouxii by an autoradiographic method. AB - The localization of chitin synthase in the cells of Mucor rouxii was studied by a method which combined permeabilization of the cells with toluene/ethanol and incubation with the radioactive substrate UDP-[3H]GlcNAc followed by high resolution autoradiography. By this technique it was demonstrated that most of the chitin synthesized by these cells was located within the cytoplasm, and only a small amount of the enzyme product appeared at the cell surface. It was concluded that most of the chitin synthase of M. rouxii is located in the cytoplasm of the cells. PMID- 6236281 TI - Nuclease sensitivity of adenovirus type 2 chromatin in lytic infection. AB - We have investigated the sensitivity of adenovirus type 2 naked DNA and chromatin at 5 h and 20 h after infection to digestion by DNase I, micrococcal nuclease and endogenous nuclease between map coordinates 11.3 and 18.0 (SmaI-F fragment) using a terminal labelling method. Infected cell nuclei were gently digested with nucleases, DNA was extracted and digested to completion with SmaI and the fragments shorter than the SmaI-F fragment mapped by hybridization with a 708 base pair probe co-terminal with the SmaI-F fragment. Early chromatin contained hypersensitive sites at 16.0 and 14.3. These sites became minor cleavage sites in late chromatin and new hypersensitive sites appeared at 13.5 and 13.0. The change in the location of the hypersensitive sites in the course of infection correlated with the early to late switch in the transcription pattern in this region and the early to late change in the overall structure of adenovirus chromatin. PMID- 6236282 TI - Regional studies of changes in brain fatty acids following experimental ischaemia and reperfusion in the gerbil. AB - Regional studies of brain phospholipid metabolism were carried out during a period of ischaemia induced in the gerbil by bilateral carotid occlusion for 60 min. The associated changes in free fatty acids (FFAs) during this period and following recirculation for up to 180 min were noted. Following ischaemia there was a generalised rise in the levels of all FFAs with no selective release of either the unsaturated (arachidonic and docosahexaenoic) or saturated (palmitic and stearic) fatty acids. There were no observed differences between the brain regions studied, which is in contrast to previously reported observations for prostaglandins. There was also no indication of any specific phospholipid fraction being involved in FFA release. This would indicate that the release of FFAs from phospholipids is a nonspecific event, probably due to the action of hydrolytic lipases. Restoration of the circulation resulted in a short, sharp increase (within 5 min) in all FFAs, but in contrast to the observations during ischaemia alone there was a relatively larger rise in the unsaturated FFAs as compared to the saturated FFAs. Following this increase there was a gradual general decline in all FFA levels until 180 min of reperfusion. Since there was no preferential depletion of unsaturated FFAs during reperfusion, when free radical attack is considered to be at its maximum, it is our opinion that free radical peroxidation is unlikely to explain the pathology described in our model. PMID- 6236283 TI - Enzymes of energy metabolism in the mudpuppy retina. AB - The distributions of glycogen phosphorylase, hexokinase, phosphofructokinase, lactate dehydrogenase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, citrate synthase, malate dehydrogenase, beta-hydroxyacyl CoA dehydrogenase, and adenylokinase were determined in the mudpuppy retina. Distinct differences were found in regard to the glycolytic and oxidative capacities of the various layers. In the outer retina, citric acid cycle enzymes were high while glycolytic enzymes were low. Synaptic zones were distinctly enriched in all energy-producing enzymes. Mudpuppy photoreceptors were found to be rich in phosphorylase but poor in glucose-6 phosphate dehydrogenase, suggestive of some evolutionary divergence from mammals in the metabolic machinery which is used to support the visual process. PMID- 6236284 TI - Cross-reaction of anti-rat B-50: characterization and isolation of a "B-50 phosphoprotein" from bovine brain. AB - Antibodies to the phosphoprotein B-50 of rat brain were used to trace cross reacting brain proteins of vertebrates. With the SDS-gel-immunoperoxidase method, a cross-reacting protein (CP) of apparent Mr 53,000 was demonstrated in the homogenate and the synaptic plasma membrane fraction of bovine brain. Sequence 1 24 of adrenocorticotropin (ACTH1-24) (10(-5) M and 10(-4) M) inhibited endogenous phosphorylation of CP in synaptic plasma membranes. The protein was partially characterized and purified to homogeneity from bovine brain by procedures previously described for rat B-50. CP was enriched in ammonium sulfate precipitated protein (ASP) fractions and phosphorylated by an endogenous protein kinase. Two-dimensional gel analysis of bovine and rat ASP showed that the cross reacting protein had an isoelectric point less acidic than B-50. Limited proteolysis by Staphylococcus aureus protease yielded a "peptide map" analogous to B-50. Two major fragments of Mr 30,000 and 17,000 were produced. In addition, CP exhibited other similarities to rat B-50: phosphorylation by rat brain protein kinase C, microheterogeneity observed after isoelectric focusing, and possibly degradation by endogenous proteolysis. Cross-reaction of proteins in brain homogenates of other mammalian species and of chicken was demonstrated: the Mr of the proteins ranged from 47,000 to 53,000. We conclude that (1) the cross reacting bovine protein is a "B-50 protein," and (2) the Mr of the "B-50 protein" varies from species to species. PMID- 6236285 TI - Small vessel vasculitis presenting as neurological disorder. AB - Three patients with skin or muscle biopsy evidence of small vessel vasculitis presented with neurological symptoms: (1) frequent transient ischaemic attacks, (2) myalgia with encephalopathy, and (3) myalgia with marked weakness. The diagnosis of small vessel vasculitis needs consideration especially if presentation with polyneuropathy or cutaneous involvement is associated with elevation of ESR or serum immunoglobulins. Neurological illness may be a more common presentation of small vessel vasculitis than previously recognised. PMID- 6236286 TI - A double blind trial of sulpiride in Huntington's disease and tardive dyskinesia. AB - Eleven patients with Huntington's disease and nine patients with tardive dyskinesia participated in a randomised double-blind crossover trial of sulpiride (as sole antidopaminergic therapy) versus placebo. Although functional improvement was not seen in Huntington's disease patients, sulpiride reduced movement count and total dyskinesia score in both conditions. Sulpiride differs pharmacologically in several respects from conventional neuroleptics, and has not been convincingly shown to cause tardive dyskinesia. Among currently available treatments, it may therefore be considered a drug of choice for treatment of tardive dyskinesia. PMID- 6236287 TI - Correlated nerve conduction, somatosensory evoked potential and neuropathological studies in clioquinol and 2,5-hexanedione neurotoxicity in the baboon. AB - Observations have been made on 10 baboons receiving a high-dose regimen of clioquinol administered orally, 6 receiving a low-dose regimen and 6 treated with 2,5-hexanedione. The results were compared with those obtained from 10 control animals. Motor and sensory nerve conduction velocity was markedly reduced in the hexanedione-treated animals but only very minor abnormalities were detected in the clioquinol-treated baboons. Cervical and Rolandic somatosensory evoked potentials to lower and upper limb stimulation were delayed in both the high-dose clioquinol-treated and the hexanedione-treated animals, particularly in the latter. Histopathological studies in the low-dose clioquinol-treated group showed no abnormalities. In the high-dose group; axonal degeneration was confined to the spinal cord, cerebellar vermis and optic tract. It was most marked in the rostral portions of the dorsal spinal columns and the caudal parts of the direct and crossed corticospinal tracts. Occasional dorsal column fibres had degenerated back to the root entry zone in the cord. The distribution was that of a selective central distal axonopathy. There appeared to be no correlation with estimated blood levels of unaltered clioquinol. In hexanedione-treated animals there was also degeneration in the distal optic tracts and peripheral nerves in a pattern of central-peripheral distal axonopathy. PMID- 6236288 TI - 6-Aminonicotinamide-induced hydrocephalus in suckling mice. AB - Following a single intraperitoneal injection of 6-aminonicotinamide (6-AN, 50 mg/kg of body weight) into newborn mice of the Institute of Cancer Research strain, hydrocephalus consistently developed nine days after injection, with rapid progression. All of these mice died before reaching adulthood. The most striking early histologic change in these mice was cytoplasmic vacuolation of ependymal cells, which was observed as early as 24 hours after injection. Vacuolation of subependymal astrocytes appeared during the next few days. After day seven, the aqueduct was obliterated by swollen vacuolated ependymal cells and subependymal astrocytes. The aqueduct remained obliterated even after the vacuolation of the ependymal cells subsided after day nine, when vacuolation of subependymal astrocytes was still pronounced. These morphological observations reveal that, in newborn mice, the ependymal cells are the most sensitive to the toxic action of 6-AN and suggest that the pathogenesis of 6-AN-induced hydrocephalus is likely to be due to the combination of ependymal cell damage and compression of the lumen by the edematous periaqueductal gray matter. This is a highly reproducible animal model of drug-induced hydrocephalus. PMID- 6236290 TI - Partial purification and functional identification of a calmodulin-activated, adenosine 5'-triphosphate-dependent calcium pump from synaptic plasma membranes. AB - Synaptic plasma membranes isolated from rat brain contain a calmodulin-activated Ca2+ pump. It has been purified 80- to 160-fold by solubilization with Triton X 100 and affinity chromatography on a calmodulin-Sepharose 4B column. After reconstitution into phospholipid vesicles, the affinity-purified pump efficiently catalyzed ATP dependent Ca2+ transport, which was activated 7- to 9-fold by calmodulin. The major protein component of the affinity-purified preparation had a Mr = 140,000; it was virtually the only band visualized on a Coomassie blue stained SDS polyacrylamide gel. It has been identified as the Ca2+ pump by two functional criteria. First, it was phosphorylated by [gamma-32P]ATP in a Ca2+ dependent manner; the phosphorylated protein had the chemical reactivity of an acyl phosphate, characteristic of the phosphorylated intermediates of ion transporting ATPases. Second, the protein was enriched by transport-specific fractionation, a density gradient procedure which uses the transport properties of the reconstituted Ca2+ pump as a physical tool for its purification. By analogy with calmodulin-activated (Ca2+ + Mg2+) ATPases of other cell types, and because of its presence in a synaptic plasma membrane fraction, we hypothesize that the calmodulin-activated Ca2+ pump functions in vivo to extrude Ca2+ from nerve terminals. PMID- 6236289 TI - Depressed T lymphocyte function in brain tumor patients: monocytes as suppressor cells. AB - Depressed cellular immune function has been demonstrated in patients with a variety of lymphoreticular and nonlymphoreticular neoplasms, including patients harboring brain tumors. In the present study, peripheral T lymphocytes from more than fifty percent of patients with central nervous system tumors, both primary and metastatic, exhibited depressed incorporation of 3H-thymidine in response to phytohemagglutinin (PHA) when tests were performed in the absence of autologous serum. Increased numbers of monocytes were present within mononuclear cell suspensions from brain tumor patients, and most of the cell populations containing elevated monocytes also exhibited depressed responses to PHA. A role for monocytes as suppressor cells was suggested by the finding that partial reconstitution of T cell function could frequently be effected by adherent cell depletion. However, total reversal of the defect was rare and there was no relationship between monocytes and T cell dysfunction in some patients. The results suggest that while monocytes may be involved in the immune depression seen in some patients with a brain tumor, the complete explanation is as yet unknown. PMID- 6236291 TI - The effect of iatrogenic trauma on the bone scintigram: an animal study: concise communication. AB - An animal study was performed to assess the effect on the Tc-99m phosphate bone scintigram of injury by needle aspiration or drill hole to metaphyseal and diaphyseal areas in immature and mature bones. Results showed that in 12 immature rabbits such trauma to metaphyseal regions had no effect on the bone image. Similar metaphyseal trauma in two mature dogs showed definite abnormalities on the bone image, but in one mature rabbit, no abnormality could be identified by scintigram. Diaphyseal trauma always gave a definitely abnormal bone image. Extrapolation of these results to humans should be cautious, but it suggests that needling or drilling in metaphyseal regions in neonates or young children probably does not affect later bone images. PMID- 6236292 TI - Quantitative ventilation-perfusion lung scans in infants and children: utility of a submicronic radiolabeled aerosol to assess ventilation. AB - The quantitative assessment of regional pulmonary ventilation and perfusion provides useful information regarding lung function. Its use in infants and young children, however, has been minimal because of practical and technical limitations when the distribution of ventilation is assessed by radioactive gases. In 16 infants and children we used an inexpensive commercially available nebulizer to produce a submicronic aerosol labeled with 99mtechnetium diethylenetriamine pentacetic acid to assess ventilation quantitatively, and intravenous injections of 99mtechnetium-labeled macroaggregates of albumin to assess pulmonary perfusion quantitatively. Studies were safely completed in both ambulatory and critically ill patients, including two premature infants who had endotracheal tubes in place for ventilatory support. No sedation or patient cooperation is required. This technique enables any department of nuclear medicine to measure regional pulmonary ventilation and perfusion in infants and children. PMID- 6236293 TI - Loss of suppressor activity in the serum of mice infected with Trypanosoma cruzi. AB - Previous work from this laboratory documented the presence of a suppressor substance in the serum of mice infected with Trypanosoma cruzi. Currently, however, we have been unable to demonstrate the presence of this suppressor factor, although infected mice were still profoundly suppressed in their ability to respond to SRBC, and suppressor cells were present in the spleens of these animals. Strains of T. cruzi other than the one presently in use in our laboratory gave similar results. Several possible explanations for our inability to demonstrate the presence of the suppressor factor in sera are discussed. PMID- 6236294 TI - Quantitative investigation of renal handling of drugs in dogs with renal insufficiency. AB - A quantitative analytical method for studying renal handling of drugs in dogs with mild renal impairment is described. Renal damage was induced experimentally by pretreatment with mercuric chloride or neomycin. Analytical results of renal handling in those animals indicated a reduction in maximum transport of secretion, while the affinity of drugs to secretion site and reabsorption showed slight or no change. These results were consistent qualitatively with other renal function test values which demonstrated the state of glomerular or proximal renal tubular function. Evidence for the applicability of the proposed analytical method for quantitative validation of functional changes in the nephron in renally impaired animals, as well as the precise determination of the site of damage, was demonstrated. This work holds considerable promise for the study of dosage adjustments in patients with renal disease. PMID- 6236295 TI - Molecular basis for the pharmacological actions of Clostridium botulinum type C2 toxin. AB - The light chain of type C2 toxin produced by Clostridium botulinum was isolated by high-performance liquid chromatography. The protein eluted as a single peak; as judged by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate, it had an apparent molecular weight of 51,000 daltons. The light chain was an enzyme that possessed ADP-ribosylating activity. In experiments with synthetic substrates (homo-poly-L-amino acids; alanine, arginine, asparagine, aspartic acid, histidine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, proline, serine and tryptophan), only poly-L-arginine was ADP-ribosylated by the enzyme. In experiments with endogenous substrates (50,000 X g pellet and 50,000 X g supernatant from homogenates of mouse brain, liver and lung), the enzyme ADP ribosylated proteins or polypeptides in both the particulate and soluble fractions. ADP-ribosylation of the soluble substrate was antagonized by adenine (K1 approximately 2.1 X 10(-5) M) and by adenosine (K1 approximately 2.7 X 10(-4) M); the reaction was reversed by a large molar excess of nicotinamide (0.1 M). ADP-ribosylation of soluble substrate was diminished when the substrate had been pretreated with 1,2-cyclohexane-dione (0.1 M), a site reactive reagent that modified selectively arginine residues. Neither the light chain nor the heavy chain of the binary toxin possessed adenylate cyclase activity. Tissue fractions did possess endogenous adenylate cyclase activity, but the toxin did not stimulate this activity. The data indicate that the binary toxin produced by Clostridium botulinum resembles other protein toxins. PMID- 6236297 TI - Down's syndrome children and parental psychological upset. AB - A prospective morbidity study of the parents of Down's children and the parents of control children matched for age, sex, family size and social class failed to demonstrate any difference in the incidence of psychosis, psychoneurosis or self poisoning referred to the general practitioner. It is suggested that the common assumption that Down's syndrome and parental anxiety are inevitably associated is questionable PMID- 6236296 TI - Use of polydimethylsiloxane subdermal implants for correcting facial deformities in Down's syndrome. AB - The use of polydimethylsiloxane prostheses to improve facial appearance in patients with Down's syndrome is reported. In 1 year, 50 patients were treated with 120 prostheses. A follow-up of 8 to 18 months showed that a low incidence of minor complications occurred. Combined with the satisfactory results experienced, this makes the procedure safe and desirable. PMID- 6236298 TI - A pattern for the establishment of a unit for the dental treatment of the handicapped patient in the community based on such a unit in Hertfordshire. PMID- 6236299 TI - Oral surgery management of patients with common endocrine diseases. PMID- 6236300 TI - Myosin phosphorylation decreases the ATPase activity of cardiac myofibrils. AB - Our previous work showed that myosin phosphorylation decreased the ATPase activity of skeletal muscle myofibrils that were lightly fixed with glutaraldehyde. The fixation process prevented sarcomere shortening and destruction of the ordered filament array upon the addition of ATP. We have now extended these results to myofibrils prepared from hearts of rabbits, dogs and rats. Myofibrils were phosphorylated by incubation with myosin light chain kinase, calmodulin and either ATP-gamma s or ATP, for 15 minutes at 25 degrees C. The extent of myosin light chain phosphorylation was 50% to 80%. The ATPase activity of unphosphorylated myofibrils was not altered by reaction with 0.01% glutaraldehyde for 5 minutes at 0 degrees C, and the ATPase activity of unfixed myofibrils was not changed by phosphorylation. However, phosphorylation decreased the ATPase activity of fixed myofibrils by 50%. The effect on myocardial myofibrillar ATPase activity of phosphorylation was similar in the three animal species. These results suggest that in both skeletal and cardiac muscle, myosin phosphorylation decreases the rate of cross-bridge cycling resulting in decreased energy expenditure. It also appears that the effect of myosin light chain phosphorylation on ATPase activity requires an ordered myofilament structure. PMID- 6236302 TI - The os trigonum syndrome: use of bone scan in the diagnosis. AB - The os trigonum is an accessory bone of the foot found in 7% of the normal adult population. It is located at the posterolateral projection of the talus, and can occasionally give rise to symptoms of acute and chronic unexplained ankle pain. We report three patients, one with acute fracture and two with chronic ankle symptoms. Technetium 99 methylene diphosphonate showed intense focal uptake at the posterior talus pointing to the os trigonum as the site of symptoms. It was excised in two patients with complete relief. The third went on to develop an asymptomatic nonunion. We recommend bone scanning as a procedure that is helpful in delineating obscure pain in the ankle that may be due to chronic irritative nonunion of the os trigonum. PMID- 6236301 TI - The periodontal dilemma in the older patient. PMID- 6236303 TI - The removal of pocket epithelium: a review. PMID- 6236304 TI - Management of hearing-impaired in-patients in an active treatment hospital. AB - Hearing loss is the most prevalent chronic disability in North America today. The incidence of hearing loss in hospitalized patients is even greater than the incidence in the general population (7%). Hearing-impaired patients may be found in any ward of a hospital. Even mild hearing loss can result in communication difficulty that can increase patient anxiety, decrease speed and accuracy of diagnosis, and reduce the effectiveness of rehabilitation. Three illustrative case studies and specific recommendations for improving the management of hearing impaired patients are provided. PMID- 6236305 TI - Pitfalls in using human chorionic gonadotropin stimulation test to diagnose anorchia. AB - Previous studies have concluded that surgical exploration is unnecessary in genetic male subjects with nonpalpable tests who fail to respond to human chorionic gonadotropin. Lack of response suggested absent testicular tissue. We report on 2 patients thought to have anorchia because of lack of response to human chorionic gonadotropin stimulation. Testes were found in both patients. Genetic and phenotypic male subjects with nonpalpable testes who fail to have increased testosterone after human chorionic gonadotropin stimulation should undergo laparoscopy. If testicular structures are present at laparoscopy surgical exploration is indicated. Unresponsiveness to human chorionic gonadotropin may be evidence of nonexistent or dysfunctional Leydig cells rather than evidence of complete absence of testicular tissue. PMID- 6236306 TI - An expanded profile of cutaneous reactions to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Reports to a specialty-based system for spontaneous reporting of adverse reactions to drugs. AB - The nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are widely used in the United States and are a frequent cause of cutaneous reactions. Since December 1980, dermatologists have reported 135 of these drug reactions to a specialty-based Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting System. Reactions to piroxicam were most frequently reported; the majority of reactions to this drug were vesiculobullous and occurred most often in sun-exposed areas. Other reactions to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs not previously recognized include serum sickness, exfoliative erythroderma, and photosensitivity associated with sulindac; toxic epidermal necrolysis was reported with tolmetin, zomepirac sodium, and piroxicam. Fixed drug eruptions were noted with ibuprofen and naproxen, and photosensitivity was reported with sulindac and indomethacin. These findings illustrate the usefulness of a specialty-based system for spontaneous reporting of new and serious adverse reactions to drugs. PMID- 6236307 TI - Effect of transluminal coronary recanalization on left ventricular regional wall motion and clinical course in acute myocardial infarction. AB - We performed percutaneous transluminal coronary recanalization (PTCR) in 90 patients within 12 hours of onset of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Fifty seven patients had total occlusion and 33 patients had subtotal occlusion of the involved coronary artery. Reopening of the occluded coronary artery by injection of isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN) was achieved in 24.4%. Continuous infusion of Urokinase was effective in 82.7%. Comparison of conventional therapy with PTCR showed that ejection fraction was higher in patients with PTCR than in those with conventional therapy, and that wall motion shortening was better in the former than in the latter. Relationship of regional wall motion shortening to the time interval from the onset of AMI showed that wall motion shortening was better it recanalized within 3 hours to and was fine within 6 hours, but poor after 6 hours of onset of AMI. PMID- 6236308 TI - [Culture of TCGF-dependent immunosuppressor T cells in gastric cancer patients and phenotypic characterization of the cell surface, using monoclonal antibodies and a fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS)]. AB - We cultured immunosuppressor T cells from gastric cancer patients using T-cell growth factor (TCGF) prepared from human tonsil or spleen. Peripheral blood lymphocytes cultured for 3-4 weeks with TCGF strongly inhibited the lymphocyte proliferative response to alloantigen or PHA. Quantitative fluorescence measurement for immunological analysis of phenotypic characterization of the cells was made on a FACS-IV, using monoclonal antibodies (anti Leu-I, anti Leu 2a, anti Leu-3a, anti Leu-4, anti Leu-5, anti Leu-7, anti HLA-DR) and goat anti human immunoglobulin. Immunosuppressor T cells grown in the presence of TCGF showed phenotype Leu-1+, 2a+, 3a-, 4+, 5+, 7-, HLA-DR+, human Ig-. Culture of immunosuppressor T cells activated by tumor cell antigen in vitro was successful only when the cells derived from patients with disseminated, nonresectable type of gastric carcinoma. Our findings suggest that TCGF-dependent immunosuppressor T cells are the result of a large tumor burden; this may explain the depression of in vitro or in vivo cell-mediated immune responses frequently found in such cancer patients. PMID- 6236309 TI - [A case of T cell CLL with marked increase of leukemic cells in final stage]. PMID- 6236310 TI - [Studies on the functions of monocytes from patients with multiple myeloma. II. Impaired helper function of monocytes for immunoglobulin synthesis by lymphocytes]. PMID- 6236311 TI - [Role of lymphokines in the generation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes]. PMID- 6236312 TI - [A case of acute T lymphoblastic leukemia with suppressor function]. PMID- 6236313 TI - [Morphology and histochemistry of the connective tissue]. PMID- 6236314 TI - [Endocrinological tests in pregnancy]. PMID- 6236315 TI - [Emergency perfusion lung scan of pulmonary embolism]. PMID- 6236316 TI - [The menstrual cycle and serum hormone levels in female patients with acne]. PMID- 6236317 TI - [On coagulation and fibrinolysis in renal diseases, with special reference to FDP subfragment and urinary plasmin body]. PMID- 6236318 TI - [Clinical evaluation of right ventricular function using first-pass radionuclide angiocardiography. Assessment of cardiac performance in patients with heart disease by radionuclide and hemodynamic parameters]. PMID- 6236319 TI - [Analytical approach for correction of background counts in first pass left ventricular time-activity curves]. PMID- 6236320 TI - [Regional activities for the care of handicapped children--with interprofessional cooperation as the nucleus of the activities: a study group for public health nurses and nursery school teachers organized at Setagaya-ku, Tokyo. Discussion]. PMID- 6236321 TI - [Valve prosthesis with dacron cloth skirt]. PMID- 6236322 TI - Phenotypic expression of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas in China. AB - Monoclonal antibodies were used to label malignant lymphomas obtained from 57 patients. On the basis of morphologic criteria, 18 lymphomas were the B-cell type, 10 were the T-cell type, and 6 were histiocytic; for 23 the type could not be determined. After monoclonal antibody labeling, 18 lymphomas of B-cell lineage were confirmed, 16 of the T-cell type were demonstrated, 6 were true histiocytic, and 17 were the null cell (non-T, non-B) type. Of the 16 lymphomas of T-cell lineage, 6 were lymphoblastic and 10 were the peripheral type. The percentages of cell types in the non-Hodgkin's lymphomas were as follows: B-cell, 31.5%; T-cell, 28%; null cell, 29%; and histiocytic, 10%. Of the 16 lymphomas of T-cell origin, 15 belonged to helper T-cell subsets (Leu1+, Leu4+, and Leu3a+), and the la marker was positive in all 16. Of the 18 B-cell lymphomas, 14 were kappa-positive and 4 were lambda-positive. Eleven were both B1- and kappa-positive, and 1 was kappa-positive but B1-negative. In the 4 cases that were lambda-positive, 2 were both lambda- and B1-positive. The results indicate that Leu4, Leu2a, Leu3a, and B1 are the most important markers to differentiate T-cell and B-cell lymphomas for pathologic classification. The findings also show a higher percentage of T cell neoplasm in China as compared to that in Western countries. PMID- 6236324 TI - Noninvasive diagnosis of renal artery stenosis by echo-Doppler velocimetry. AB - We evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasonic echo-Doppler velocimetry for the noninvasive diagnosis of renal artery stenosis. Renal artery stenosis was diagnosed if one or more of the following four abnormal hemodynamic parameters were found by Doppler velocimetry: (1) peak blood velocity greater than 100 cm . sec-1 in a focal area along the length of a renal artery, (2) absence of blood velocity during diastole, (3) absence of any detectable blood velocity denoting occlusion, or (4) broad-band Doppler frequency spectra due to focal blood velocity disturbances. With these criteria, the presence or absence of renal artery stenosis was blindly evaluated in 26 patients (52 arteries) who underwent standard or digital subtraction angiography. Compared to arteriography (reduction in diameter greater than or equal to 50%), the sensitivity of Doppler method was 89%, while its specificity was 73%. This noninvasive method may be useful in selecting patients for radiographic evaluation of renal artery stenosis and in the long term follow-up of these patients. Furthermore, echo-Doppler velocimetry may have the unique capability of assessing the hemodynamic consequences of renal artery stenosis. PMID- 6236323 TI - Modification of pancreatic carcinogenesis in the hamster model. XV. Preventive effect of nicotinamide. AB - The induction of pancreatic ductal-ductular adenomas (P = .05) and carcinomas (P less than .0001) by N-nitrosobis(2-oxopropyl)amine [(BOP) CAS: 60599-38-4; 2,2' dioxo-N-nitrosodipropylamine] in Syrian golden hamsters was inhibited by nicotinamide (NA) (350 mg/kg body wt, ip) administered 10 minutes before and 3 hours after a single dose of BOP (10 mg/kg body wt, sc). The anticancer effect of NA and its relatively low toxicity in humans may provide a new lead in human cancer prevention. PMID- 6236327 TI - [Laparoscopy in the diagnosis of ruptured aneurysms of the abdominal portion of the aorta]. PMID- 6236326 TI - C3 metabolism in acute glomerulonephritis: implications for sites of complement activation. AB - Immunochemical and metabolic studies of complement were performed in 11 patients with acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis (AGN) to determine the mechanism(s) of hypocomplementemia. Four patients with profound reduction in serum C3 showed metabolic changes comparable to those seen in hypocomplementemic mesangiocapillary GN (MCGN), that is, nonlinear plasma disappearance of 125I.C3 and a gross (that is, 30-fold) reduction in C3 synthesis (0.01 to 0.02 mg/kg/hr); fractional catabolic rate (FCR) and extravascular/intravascular distribution (EV/IV) ratio were also increased (3.02 to 6.99%/hr; 1.14 to 2.96, respectively). The remaining seven patients had less (or no) reduction in C3 and showed normal or elevated values for all three metabolic parameters; six had linear plasma disappearance curves. Metabolic data in five simultaneously studied control subjects were FCR: 1.56 to 2.12%/hr; EV/IV ratio: 0.12 to 0.41 and synthesis rate: 0.30 to 0.52 mg/kg/hr. C3 nephritic factor (NeF) could not be detected in any sera and a significant reduction in serum C5 accompanied the changes in C3 (r = 0.89; P less than 0.001). Previous studies of C3 NeF-associated MCGN show that the fluid phase alternative pathway convertase seen in this condition has little or no C5 cleaving ability. We propose, therefore, that complement activation in AGN occurs via a surface-bound convertase which is capable of cleaving both C3 and C5. The glomerular capillary could provide such a site for activation. PMID- 6236325 TI - Captopril and immune regulation. AB - We examined the in vitro effect of captopril (2.5 to 5 micrograms/ml) on the primary antibody response of human B cells. Captopril suppresses (by 50%) the specific anti-trinitrophenyl (TNP) response of unfractionated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBM) but not that of nonadherent PBM. The susceptibility to captopril suppression can be restored in the latter cell cultures by 10% adherent radioresistant cells. This suppression is independent of prostaglandins. In transfer experiments, cells preincubated with 5 micrograms/ml captopril suppress the antibody response of autologous nonadherent PBM. The inductive phase of this suppression requires both adherent cells and radiosensitive T cells. Once induced, the suppression can be transferred by isolated T effector cells. In vivo after a unique oral intake of captopril a moderate suppressor activity can be demonstrated in adherent cells from normal individuals. We conclude that captopril interferes with the immune regulation by inducing a suppressor circuit involving monocytes and a T8 suppressor effector lymphocyte. PMID- 6236328 TI - [Blood flow measurement in cardiovascular surgery]. PMID- 6236329 TI - [Laparoscopic biopsy in tumors of the abdominal cavity]. PMID- 6236330 TI - [From the history of the Educational Institute for the Blind in Lvov 1851-1918]. PMID- 6236331 TI - [The type of earwax as a genetic marker in clinical research]. PMID- 6236332 TI - [X-ray intravascular dilatation of the renal arteries in renovascular hypertension]. PMID- 6236333 TI - Myocardial characteristics of pressure overload hypertrophy. A structural and functional study. AB - The effects of pressure overload hypertrophy were studied in the left ventricular myocardium of young adult cats. Hypertrophy was induced by a 90% constriction of the ascending aorta, and animals were studied 4, 7, 30, 120, and 248 days after constriction. Cardiac hypertrophy, as determined by heart weight, was evident at each experimental time period. Ultrastructural data indicate that during the early stages of hypertrophy (4 and 7 days) there is an enhancement of the myofibrillar volume relative to the mitochondrial volume. After 30 days the normal balance between the myofibrillar and mitochondrial volumes has been reestablished. The later stages of hypertrophy (120 and 248 days) are characterized by a reduced mitochondrial volume relative to the myofibrillar volume. This late stage of hypertrophy (248 days) is also characterized by reduced surface densities of the T-tubular and diadic junctional systems. Analysis of the microvasculature indicated that capillary density decreased with increasing time of hypertrophy. The effects of chronic hypertrophy on myocardial blood flow were also measured. In hypertrophied hearts, coronary reserve, measured as the percentage increase in blood flow from control to near maximal flow during adenosine infusion, was reduced. Left ventricular minimal coronary resistance (per gram) was elevated during hypertrophy. These results indicate that the alterations in flow reserve are largely due to the reduced capillary density. This, combined with the inability of the myocardium at the cellular level to maintain normal structural parameters, may play an important role in the transition of a compensated heart to a failing heart. PMID- 6236335 TI - The effect of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) carcinogenesis on peripheral T cell subsets in the Wistar Furth rat. AB - 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH)-induced colon cancer in Wistar/Furth (W/Fu) rats is analogous in many ways to human colorectal cancer. As part of our attempt to understand the immunobiology of these tumors, we have utilized the recently available monoclonal antibodies W3/25 and OX8 to monitor helper (Th) and suppressor (Ts) lymphocyte subpopulations. Normal untreated male W/Fu rats of less than 1 year of age were phenotyped (n = 43). The mean percentage of Th and Ts was 42 +/- 1 (mean +/- SEM) and 33 +/- 1, respectively. The mean Th/Ts ratio was 1.3 +/- 0.1. A Th/Ts equal to or greater than 1 is considered "normal" in the W/Fu rat. The DMH-treated rats (20 mg/kg/wk) were evaluated in initial experiments at various intervals after treatment. Rats studied 24 hours after a single DMH injection had no alterations in T cell subsets. Rats studied 28, 32, and 65 weeks after the start of 16 weekly DMH injections were found to have a decrease in the percentage of Th and a relative increase in Ts, with Th/Ts ratios of 0.6 +/- 0.2, 0.7 +/- 0.1, and 0.7 +/- 0.1, respectively (each P less than 0.01). In a separate experiment in which rats were studied after 4, 8, and 16 weeks of DMH injections, no alterations in T cell subsets were noted. Rats (n = 5) studied at 20 weeks after the start of DMH were found to have 41 +/- 3% Th and 36 +/- 2% Ts and a Th/Ts ratio of 1.2 +/- 0.1. Three of five rats were found to have adenocarcinomas. Four of five rats had Th/Ts less than 1. One rat with Th/Ts equal to 0.9 had metastatic disease. Rats studied at 25 weeks (n = 8) were found to have more advanced carcinomas (4/8) that were causing obstruction or bleeding in the animal. There was a significant decrease in Th and Ts in this group, with 24 +/- 3% and 26 +/- 3% respectively (P less than 0.001). The Th/Ts ratio for this group was 0.9 +/- 0.1 (P less than 0.01). In other experiments, rats were treated with DMH or placebo over a 16-week period and serially bled during and after treatment. No effect of DMH treatment on T cell subsets was noted. Repeated bleeding alone was noted to cause persistent alterations of T cell subpopulation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6236334 TI - A communication aid for the physically handicapped. AB - A communications aid for the severely handicapped is described. The aid is primarily intended to be mounted on an electric wheelchair and to be powered from the chair's battery. It may be operated by any two-switch input system or by more elaborate controls such as joy-sticks. The central unit of the aid is a purpose built 8085 microcomputer, the operating program and data tables being sorted in a 2 kbyte EPROM. The input control is used to drive a cursor around an 8 X 8 letter board array, the selected alphanumeric character being output to a liquid crystal display. Up to 64 messages, each of no more than 15 characters, can be composed and stored by the user and recalled as required. The messages are stored in a 2 kbyte CMOS memory and are retained when the aid is switched off. It is a simple matter to increase the number of stored messages. The aid was designed with the needs of a particular 15 year old, athetoid child in mind and the results of his tests of the aid will be briefly discussed. PMID- 6236336 TI - Influence of a reticuloendothelial-suppressing agent on liver tumor growth in the rat. AB - Reticuloendothelial (RE) function was evaluated by measuring the biokinetics of a standardized 99Tcm-sulphur colloid. Methyl palmitate was administered intravenously on two consecutive days. A statistically significant reduction in the colloid uptake rate of the liver was registered after methyl palmitate administration. Histological examination revealed no signs of destruction of RE cells or microembolization. Inoculation of an experimental nitrosoguanidine induced transplantable adenocarcinoma to the liver was performed in 16 rats one day after methyl palmitate administration and in 16 controls. Tumor size was significantly larger in methyl-palmitate-treated animals at 7 and 14 days after inoculation. Survival was significantly decreased in methyl-palmitate-treated rats. These rats showed signs of fatty vacuolization and necrosis of liver parenchyma earlier than controls. Analyses of beta-hexosaminidase and lactate dehydrogenase revealed no deviation of enzyme levels either before or after tumor inoculation. The results indicate that a temporary suppression of RE function at the time of tumor inoculation may influence subsequent tumor growth. PMID- 6236338 TI - Periodontal care for cancer patients. PMID- 6236339 TI - Prosthetic management of the post surgical cancer patient. PMID- 6236337 TI - Assessment of percutaneous balloon pulmonary and aortic valvuloplasty. AB - Percutaneous balloon pulmonary or aortic valvuloplasty was performed in 66 consecutive patients with no deaths. The transvalvular pressure gradient was reduced from 85 +/- 35 to 30 +/- 15 mm Hg (p less than 0.01) in 39 patients with congenital pulmonary valve stenosis and from 108 +/- 46 to 32 +/- 16 mm Hg (p less than 0.01) in 27 patients with congenital aortic valve stenosis. Subsequent mild aortic regurgitation occurred in seven patients and moderate regurgitation occurred in one patient. Operative evaluation of seven patients with pulmonary valve stenosis who had additional cardiac anomalies revealed the mechanisms of valve opening to be commissural splitting, cusp tear, or avulsion of the cusp from the anulus. Operative evaluation of two patients with residual high aortic valve gradients revealed minor degrees of commissural splitting. Although further evaluation is required to determine the long-term effects, early evaluation indicates that percutaneous balloon valvuloplasty may be useful in the definitive treatment of isolated pulmonary valve stenosis in some patients and of palliative value in others. The procedure is considered palliative in patients with aortic valve stenosis. PMID- 6236340 TI - Dental care for the post-head and neck cancer patient. PMID- 6236341 TI - Construction of human suppressor T cell hybridomas. PMID- 6236342 TI - Growth and differentiation factors for B cells from human T cell clones. PMID- 6236343 TI - [Is late-appearing idiopathic hypogammaglobulinemia a suppressor T lymphocyte disease?]. PMID- 6236344 TI - Arrhythmias in dilated and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. AB - The cardiomyopathies are idiopathic muscle disorders that are characterized by hypertrophy, dilation, or restriction. This article discusses arrhythmias in hypertrophic and dilated cardiomyopathy in relation to clinical significance and treatment; when possible, the authors comment on etiology. PMID- 6236345 TI - [Selection of donors for bone marrow transplantation]. PMID- 6236346 TI - [Differences in the mode of action of antiandrogens and estrogens on the sebaceous glands in man]. PMID- 6236347 TI - [Organizational experience in managing the work of paramedical personnel in Grodno Province]. PMID- 6236348 TI - The Phillip Becker case resolved: a chance for habilitation. PMID- 6236349 TI - Frameshift mutagenesis of lambda prophage by 9-aminoacridine, proflavin and ICR 191. AB - The changes in DNA base sequence induced in the lambda cI gene in an E. coli lysogen have been determined following mutagenesis by three acridine derivatives: 9-aminoacridine and proflavin, which bind reversibly to DNA; and ICR-191, which attaches covalently to DNA through a half-mustard group. For all three derivatives, most mutations are +1 and -1 frameshifts in runs of adjacent G:C pairs. The specificity of mutagenesis at various sites is similar for all three compounds. Prophage in mutL host cells, deficient in mismatch repair, are much more susceptible to mutagenesis by 9-aminoacridine. The induced mutations are also frameshifts, and the site specificity is the same as in lysogens of wild type cells. Thus, additions or deletions of single bases can be corrected by the mismatch repair system, but mismatch repair does not play an important role in determining the sequence specificity of the mutational events. PMID- 6236351 TI - High-chromium yeast for acne? AB - Many dermatologists have reported that insulin and tolbutamide are therapeutically effective in acne. This rationalizes a recent observation that high-chromium yeast appears to have value as an acne treatment. PMID- 6236352 TI - Doctor in the box. PMID- 6236350 TI - Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas putida RNA polymerases display identical contacts with promoters. AB - Methylation protection experiments with four promoters (P1 and P2 of the pBR322 plasmid, lacUV5 and lambda P0) have shown that the RNA polymerases from Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas putida, while differing in the primary structure of the subunits involved in DNA binding, display identical patterns of DNA contacts. Nor do these enzymes differ in covalent cross-linking patterns with a partially apurinized promoter. We conclude that the two RNA polymerases have very similar structures of DNA binding centers. The evolutionary conservation of this structure may account for the fact that diverse RNA polymerases often recognize and efficiently use promoters of distant bacterial species. PMID- 6236353 TI - Selection and training of disabled persons for scuba-diving. Medical and psychological aspects. AB - Sixteen persons with a wide range of disabilities were subjected to a formal scuba-diver training course, after passing a medical and psychological assessment specific for divers. Subjects with brain damage and with impaired bladder and bowel control were included. The current general guidelines for the medical assessment of non-disabled divers appear to be suitable for disabled persons, but additionally each particular disability demands careful individual assessment. Such assessment requires knowledge of diving and rehabilitative medicine and diving practice. The study supports the argument that scuba-diving may improve the physical self-concept of selected disabled persons. It is stressed that specialized diving supervision is essential for such people. PMID- 6236354 TI - Elucidation of psychological factors in compensable injury. AB - While personal emotional problems relating to relationships have recently been acknowledged in the literature as an important component in the clinical course of compensable injury, there are few guidelines on how to detect them. Four broad questions have been suggested to guide the practitioner in clinical practice, and examples are given to illustrate the influence of the setting in which the injury occurred, the meaning of the injury for the patient, the possible influence of transference and counter-transference factors, and the importance of concurrent family problems. It is suggested that by addressing these questions, the clinician with no special knowledge of psychiatry will be better placed to determine whether psychological factors may be significant, and whether psychiatric referral is indicated. PMID- 6236355 TI - Allopurinol hypersensitivity. PMID- 6236356 TI - An implanted infusion pump for chemotherapy of liver metastases. PMID- 6236357 TI - [A case of gastroschisis with associated intestinal injuries. The pediatric surgeon and the neonatology pathologist confronting treatment]. PMID- 6236358 TI - [Clinical significance of fibrinopeptide A in surgery]. AB - Plasma Fibrinopeptide A (FPA) and beta-thromboglobulin (beta-TG) were measured in patients with various thrombogenic diseases. Plasma FPA levels were also measured in patients with malignant neoplasm and in patients who had open heart surgery. The following results were obtained. Measurement of FPA using Bentonite absorption method was simple and sensitive for clinical application. Plasma FPA and beta-TG levels were elevated in various thrombogenic diseases. Plasma FPA level correlated neither with plasma beta-TG level nor with plasma fibrinogen level. Measurement of FPA is a useful tool in the diagnosis of thromboembolic diseases, and is more trustworthy when combined with beta-TG measurement. Diagnosis of thromboembolism may be made when FPA levels are over 5 ng/ml or beta TG over 50 ng/ml. Diagnosis of venous thrombosis was possible by the assay of FPA with a sensitivity of 100 per cent. Diagnosis of arterial thrombosis was made by the assay of beta-TG with a sensitivity of 64 per cent. In patients with gastric cancer, levels of plasma FPA tended to correlate with the size of the tumor, indicating that the progression and the activity of the tumor may be estimated by plasma FPA levels. The mean FPA level at the late stage of cardiopulmonary bypass was 14.2 +/- 6.8 ng/ml, indicating that fibrinogen is consumed during the bypass despite the systemic heparinization. PMID- 6236359 TI - Removal of histone H1 exposes linker DNA in chromatin to DNAse I. AB - After removal of histone H1 about 40% of DNA in chromatin acquires the sensitivity of naked DNA to DNAse I. Digestion of H1-depleted chromatin with DNAse I leads to a qualitative change in the digestion pattern, generating DNA fragments of approx. 200 b.p. and multiples, similar to those obtained with micrococcal nuclease. Both effects are reversed upon reconstitution of purified H1 to H1-depleted chromatin. PMID- 6236360 TI - [Possible mechanism of specific protein-nucleic acid interaction]. AB - It has been supposed that stereochemical fitness of amino acids into the cavities associated with their codons is used for specific recognition of nucleic acids by the proteins. In accordance with this hypothesis, amino acid side chains can insert into the cavity resulting from inverting the middle base of a nucleotide triplet in DNA. Certain experimental data seem to support the hypothesis. A model of specific binding between cro-protein from bacteriophage lambda with OR3 operator region of the bacteriophage has been proposed on the basis of the above hypothesis. PMID- 6236362 TI - [Problems in child rehabilitation]. PMID- 6236361 TI - [Dento-periodontal pathology in a group of patients with cerebral palsy]. PMID- 6236363 TI - [Late results following the surgical correction of congenital abdominal wall defects]. PMID- 6236364 TI - [Vaccination against hepatitis B: results of a clinical trial and a 1-year use]. PMID- 6236365 TI - Mutagenicity of neocarzinostatin in Neurospora crassa. AB - Neocarzinostatin (NCS) is an acidic, single-chain polypeptide of 109 amino acids that has shown some antitumor activity in clinical trials. NCS is mutagenic in recA+ strains of Escherichia coli, but not in recA strains; on the other hand, a defect in the nucleotide-excision-repair pathway has no effect on the mutagenicity of NCS in E. coli. Similar results are seen in mammalian cells. Excision-repair-deficient xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) cells repair NCS-induced DNA damage at the same rate as repair-proficient XP heterozygotes, and X-ray sensitive ataxia telangiectasia fibroblasts are also sensitive to NCS. I have investigated the mutagenicity of NCS in the ad-3 forward-mutation test in nucleotide excision-repair-sufficient and -deficient heterokaryons of Neurospora crassa. Resting conidia from a repair-sufficient strain, H-12, and a nucleotide excision-repair-deficient strain (uvs-2) H-59, were exposed to NCS. These conidia were assayed for survival and ad-3 forward mutation. The results show that H-59 is more sensitive to the killing and mutagenic activities of NCS than is H-12. These data indicate, in contrast to E. coli and mammalian cells, that the nucleotide-excision-repair pathway of N. crassa does repair NCS-induced lesions. In other experiments, ad-3 mutants induced by NCS in H-59 were characterized to determine the spectrum of NCS-induced mutation. The results show that NCS induces both intracistronic mutations and multilocus deletions in H-59. PMID- 6236366 TI - UV-induced recessive lethals in uvs strains of Neurospora which are deficient in UV mutagenesis. AB - The frequencies of spontaneous and UV-induced recessive lethal mutations were compared for UV-sensitive and wild-type heterokaryons of Neurospora crassa. These heterokaryons were homokaryotic either for one of two alleles of uvs-3, or for uvs-6 or uvs+. For uvs-3, which is known to have mutator effects, spontaneous recessive lethals were found to be 4-6 times more frequent than observed in uvs+. After correction for clonal distribution of spontaneous mutants, an observed 2 fold increase for uvs-6 was not statistically significant and may have been due to chance occurrence of a few large clones of mutants. Treatment with low doses of UV (50-200 J/m2) produced very similar overall rates of increase for recessive lethals in uvs and uvs+ heterokaryons. This means, that in contrast to results obtained when mutation to ad-3 was measured, both uvs-3 alleles showed highly significant increases for recessive lethals when treated with UV. It is proposed that certain types of UV damage may be processed into recessive lethal mutations by an alternate mechanism from that responsible for viable mutations. PMID- 6236367 TI - Structure-dependent variation in the mutagenic, prophage-inducing and antibacterial activities of 5-nitro-2-furamide derivatives. AB - A comparative survey of the mutagenic, prophage-inducing and antibacterial activities of 3 structure-related series of 5-nitro-furan derivatives including 5 nitro-2-furohydrazide imide, 5-nitro-2-furamide oxime and 5-nitro-2-furohydrazide has been undertaken. Among the compounds assayed, the 5-nitro-2-furohydrazide imide series was found to be most active with regard to mutagenic and antibacterial activities against Salmonella typhimurium TA100 and prophage inducing activity in Escherichia coli GY5027. A clear correlation was observed between the chemical structure and the mutagenic and prophage-inducing activities which were approximately correlated to the antibacterial activity. PMID- 6236368 TI - Keeping health-care workers healthy. Legal aspects of hepatitis B immunization programs. PMID- 6236369 TI - Thrombolytic therapy. A new strategy for the treatment of acute myocardial infarction (2). PMID- 6236370 TI - Acute febrile reaction to streptozocin. PMID- 6236371 TI - Coronary pacing for bradycardia during balloon angioplasty. PMID- 6236372 TI - Cell biology: multiple controls for secretion. PMID- 6236373 TI - Protein kinase C activation of physiological processes in human neutrophils at vanishingly small cytosolic Ca2+ levels. AB - It has long been assumed that a rise in cytosolic free Ca2+, [Ca2+]i, is a necessary and sufficient event for the stimulation of a variety of cellular processes. The development of a technique which allows monitoring of [Ca2+]i in small intact cells has led to a critical revision of this simple postulate. We have recently shown that in neutrophils, Ca2+-ionophore-induced elevations of [Ca2+]i, quantitatively similar to those caused by chemotatic peptides, are ineffective in stimulating cell responses, which suggests that an additional signal is required for receptor-mediated activation. Here we show that subthreshold concentrations of phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) and of a Ca2+ ionophore can quantitatively mimic the effect of a physiological agonist. However, PMA at higher concentrations can trigger NADPH-oxidase activity, exocytosis and protein phosphorylation, even when [Ca2+]i is lowered 10-20 times below the normal resting level. These results strongly suggest that activation of protein kinase C is sufficient, by itself, to induce NADPH-oxidase activation and exocytosis of secondary granules in neutrophils. PMID- 6236374 TI - Alternative sets of DNase I-hypersensitive sites characterize the various functional states of the chicken lysozyme gene. AB - The structural organization of chromatin is thought to determine the state of differentiation and activity of eukaryotic genes. Local interruptions of the regular nucleosomal array, the so-called DNase-hypersensitive sites, may indicate regions of the genome which play a critical part in regulation of differential gene activity. We present here two new observations on the chromatin structure of the chicken lysozyme gene, which strongly support a regulatory function for these sites. First, different sets of DNase I-hypersensitive sites have been found upstream from the promoter, depending on whether the gene is constitutively expressed (cultured macrophages) or in the steroid hormone-controlled state (oviduct). It seems, therefore, that diverse modes of regulation of the same gene are associated with discrete patterns of DNase I hypersensitivity. Second, one of the DNase I-hypersensitive sites in the oviduct chromatin disappears and reappears on steroid hormone withdrawal and secondary induction. These reversible changes in a narrow chromatin region reflect the transition from the potentially active to the active state of the lysozyme gene. PMID- 6236376 TI - New approach to funds for leisure and recreation. PMID- 6236375 TI - Acne and accutane. PMID- 6236377 TI - Carcinoembryonic antigen, a tumor-associated glycoprotein induces defective lymphocyte function. AB - Standard carcinoembryonic antigen(s) (CEA) obtained commercially, and CEA preparations from cell membranes and spent media of cultured human malignant melanotic melanoma (HMMC-ShAc and HMMC-ShAm) and of human colon adenocarcinomas (Levo c, Levo m, SW-403 c and SW-403 m) suppressed human peripheral blood lymphocyte (PBL). CEA preparations obtained from products of in vitro synthesis mediated by mRNA coding for CEA enhanced, whereas glycosylation-deficient preparations of CEA obtained from tumor cells harvested from growth media supplemented with nontoxic levels, i.e. 0.3 microgram/ml of tunicamycin, had no effect on immunoglobulin synthesis by human PBL. CEA caused defective lymphocyte: sheep red blood cell rosette production. It is suggested that CEA is an immunoregulatory glycoprotein synthesized by human tumor cells. The carbohydrate moiety of the glycoprotein is the regulatory determinant. PMID- 6236378 TI - Transformation of membranous glomerulonephritis into crescentic glomerulonephritis with glomerular basement membrane antibodies. Serial determinations of anti-GBM before the transformation. AB - This case report describes a patient who initially had a pleuritis and arthalgias. During the follow-up he developed first a membranous glomerulonephritis with nephrotic syndrome and subsequently a crescentic, rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis with glomerular basement membrane antibodies (anti GBM). An analysis of the serum samples obtained during the follow-up revealed no infections at the onset of renal failure. However, anti-GBM could be demonstrated in the serum samples obtained 2 months before the deterioration of the renal function. The anti-GBM did not react with alveolar BM and the patient had no signs of pulmonary hemorrhage. The etiology and the sequence of the pathological events of rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis is discussed in the light of these observations. PMID- 6236379 TI - Electroencephalographic effects of fentanyl-, sufentanil- and alfentanil anaesthesia in man. AB - EEGs taken from patients during and following open heart surgery were analyzed by computer. Patients were treated with high doses of either fentanyl, sufentanil or alfentanil as the sole anaesthetic. The aims were to determine depth of anaesthesia, comparing different doses of one compound and comparing different narcotics. Further, recovery from anaesthesia was also studied using EEG criteria. PMID- 6236381 TI - [Use of a minor fibrinolytic drug (mesoglycan) in phlebitis]. AB - 33 subjects (28 women and 5 men), aged 22-72 and suffering from various types and degrees of venous pathology (varicose syndromes, post-phlebitic syndromes, recent thrombophlebitis) were subjected to clinical study. All patients were treated with Mesoglycan, a fibrinolysis stimulating drug, in oral doses of 2 12 mg capsules 3 times a day for 30 days. The study was intended to show the effectiveness of such treatment, and consisted of a clinical and instrumental assessment of the subjective and objective symptoms associated with venous conditions. The results obtained were analysed statistically and confirmed the therapeutic effectiveness of Mesoglycan for this type of pathology, particularly for thrombophlebitis where treatment produced early and lasting results. In conclusion, both the experimental findings and the clinical results obtained, confirm the view that Mesoglycan is a drug of choice for the prevention and treatment of venous pathologies. PMID- 6236382 TI - [Use of celioscopy in the etiological diagnosis of pelvic inflammatory diseases due to aerobic and anaerobic germs]. PMID- 6236380 TI - Regularity of muscle spindle receptor discharges at a different muscle length. AB - The regularity of receptor discharges of passive muscle spindles adapted to a different length of the triceps of the calf of narcotized cats was investigated in the range of average frequencies from 5.6 to 40 impulses/sec. The values of the coefficients of variation of the impulse intervals in discharges of the primary endings are distributed in the range from 2.5 to 18.0% and of the secondary from 1.2 to 12%. The discharges of the primary endings are less variable than the discharges of the primary. Among the latter are found receptors with less, moderately, and more regular discharges at any length of the muscle. The shape of the "average impulse interval vs. coefficient of variation" relationship is nonlinear and differs for different units. For samples of receptors having approximately the same variability of the impulse intervals the average values of the coefficients of variation decrease significantly with muscle tension and increase of the rate of impulse flow. In some cases a decrease of the values of the coefficients of variation occurs due to a decrease of the dispersion at the same rate of flow and in other cases both parameters change simultaneously. A decrease of the dispersion of the intervals in receptor discharges apparently reflects an increase of the number of uniformly depolarized endings as their tension increases. PMID- 6236383 TI - [Clinico-statistical study of the evolution of indications for celioscopy]. PMID- 6236384 TI - Treatment of Hartnup disease with nicotinic acid. PMID- 6236385 TI - The diagnosis of Huntington's disease in those at risk. PMID- 6236386 TI - Lost-time work accidents in an industry. AB - This is a study of the number, and trends in lost-time work accidents in a paper manufacturing plant using company records. The accident statistics have changed since the introduction of the Accident Compensation Act on 1 April 1974. There was a 150% increase in reported lost-time work accidents from 1973 to 1977, a period during which the workforce increased only by 24%. The main reason is due to the different benefit rates that are payable to lost-time accident cases under the Accident Compensation Act. This study also shows management commitment to safety programmes can effectively reduce the number of reported lost time accidents. The average accident frequency rate of this firm from 1961 to 1982 was 5.71 accidents per 100 000 man-hours. PMID- 6236387 TI - Bilateral torsion of the adnexa: a case report and a review of the world literature. AB - The 15th case of bilateral adnexal torsion, or the fifth case in which the bilateral adnexal torsion did not occur simultaneously, is presented. A review of the cases reported in the world literature reveals that fever (82%), nausea and/or vomiting (73%), and abdominal pain (93%) were the most common symptoms. Previous recurrent attacks of abdominal pain occurred in 53% of patients and may be the one finding that is highly suggestive of this entity. The adnexa were histologically normal in 50% of the specimens, with the remaining adnexal tissues manifesting evidence of tubal infection (ie, hydrosalpinx and pyosalpinx). The diagnosis was suspected preoperatively in only 38% of the cases. PMID- 6236388 TI - Save those audiometric records! PMID- 6236389 TI - Back rehabilitation programs speed recovery of injured workers. PMID- 6236390 TI - ASTM eyes plans, seeks input for protective clothing data file. PMID- 6236391 TI - [Educational program for the prevention of caries and periodontal diseases in handicapped children]. PMID- 6236392 TI - [Alcohol and liver damage]. PMID- 6236393 TI - [Poliomyelitis vaccination]. PMID- 6236394 TI - [The value of psychological testing in socio-medical evaluations]. PMID- 6236396 TI - [Personal hygiene of working women]. PMID- 6236395 TI - [Comparative studies on the detection of Salmonella and Shigella in human specimens in a routine laboratory]. PMID- 6236397 TI - [Health education--a professional task of the Public Health Service. Initial experiences of the Freiburg Public Health Service with the practical application of health education in the district service for the purpose of establishing a workshop on health education and training on an urban and rural level]. PMID- 6236398 TI - [Current status of natural bathing places in the district of Schleswig Flensburg]. PMID- 6236399 TI - [Major future tasks for the Public Health Service]. PMID- 6236400 TI - [Asbestos as an environmental problem]. PMID- 6236401 TI - [Prostitution as a theme in preventive medicine]. PMID- 6236402 TI - [Visual capacity and traffic]. PMID- 6236403 TI - [The Social Psychiatry Service of Hamburg--report of experiences]. PMID- 6236404 TI - [Experiences with a psychiatric emergency service in Hamburg]. PMID- 6236405 TI - [Education in special schools]. PMID- 6236406 TI - [Health education as a cooperative task using an example the prevention of dental caries]. PMID- 6236407 TI - [Medical reasons for recommending cures for children and adolescents]. PMID- 6236408 TI - [Various aspects of child abuse]. PMID- 6236409 TI - [Prevention of tuberculosis and mass X-ray screening--reflections on the new organization]. PMID- 6236410 TI - [Commentary on "Recommendations on the prevention and control of AIDS by the Public Health Service"]. PMID- 6236411 TI - [Oral manifestations in patients with Down's syndrome]. PMID- 6236412 TI - [Contemporary aspects on the management of hemophilia, for patients undergoing tooth extraction]. PMID- 6236413 TI - [Serum prolactin, testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate levels in chronic uremic patients treated by hemodialysis]. PMID- 6236414 TI - [Pain as an expression of psychosomatico-emotional disorders]. PMID- 6236415 TI - [Neurosurgical methods for the alleviation of pain]. PMID- 6236416 TI - [Erythrocyte metabolism in type I diabetes mellitus (key enzymes of glycolysis)]. AB - The three important key-enzymes HK, PFK, PK may be influenced by insulin. We have, therefore, measured these enzyme activities in the erythrocytes in a total of 119 childrens suffering from juvenile diabetes type I, 44 of them with a good state of metabolic control and 75 with a bad control. In both groups the activities of the three enzymes were not significantly different. Compared with the reference values, PFK and PK, were mild diminished, HK slowly elevated in both groups of diabetics. We don't find remarkable changes which could be responsible for a shortened red cell life span. The mechanism of hemolysis in diabetics is probably caused by oxidant damage to the membrane. PMID- 6236417 TI - Etiological theories and treatments for chronic back pain. II. Psychological models and interventions. AB - This is the second part of an extended review of the etiology and treatment of chronic back pain (CBP). The first paper dealt with somatic factors and interventions, this paper will examine psychological theories on the etiology of CBP and psychological treatments for CBP. Finally common problems of both the somatic and the psychological approaches will be discussed and suggestions for treatment and research will be made. PMID- 6236418 TI - [Myocardial damage in mucoviscidosis]. PMID- 6236419 TI - [The regulatory link in the immune system in glomerulonephritis in children]. PMID- 6236420 TI - [Morbidity of children with respiratory organ pathology in different types of sanatorium institutions in a Black Sea health resort of the Caucasus]. PMID- 6236421 TI - Infants' vocalizations as a diagnostic tool. AB - This article reviews the literature concerning infants' vocalizations and their relation to development of language and to diagnosis in studies of pathology. Some researchers believe that pre-speech vocalizations are reflexes, random activities that serve as practice for motor activities. Others believe they are directly related to the development of language. The literature reviewed dealing with the relationship between abnormal cries and pathology suggest a differential diagnosis of certain pathologies. Crying should be included in the collected symptoms to achieve a more accurate and comprehensive diagnosis. PMID- 6236422 TI - Disablement and eye contact. AB - This study investigated the effect of height level and wheelchair presence on eye contact and interaction. Presence of a wheelchair increased eye contact to a standing colleague, possibly due to the wheelchair-confined individuals' perceived dependence on others. PMID- 6236423 TI - Immunologic prevention of human hepatitis. PMID- 6236425 TI - Sports for disabled. PMID- 6236426 TI - Referral directory of New Mexico dentists willing to treat patients with disabilities. PMID- 6236424 TI - The measurement of low flow rates (0.1-30 ml/min) of conducting fluids. AB - The accurate measurement of flow rates in isolated-organ perfusion experiments remains a problem. This paper describes an instrument that is based upon the familiar drop counter, but permits greater accuracy, resolution and convenience of recording output than has hitherto been available with such a device. Long term stability at low flow rates is excellent. The input transducer is a conventional drip chamber with platinum electrodes arranged so that each drop produces an electrical pulse. The time between pulses is measured (or groups of 10 pulses for higher flow rates) and a voltage output proportional to flow is derived by analogue computing elements. Calibration requires only the measurement of the volume of drops forming at very low flows, and a simple procedure to do this is described. Four switched ranges covering 0.1-30 ml/min are provided, and the agreement between flow recorded by the instrument and by timed collections of perfusate is generally better than 3% of full scale. PMID- 6236427 TI - Characterization of deletion derivatives of an autonomously replicating Neurospora plasmid. AB - We previously described two plasmids that replicate autonomously in both Neurospora and E. coli (Stohl and Lambowitz, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., U.S.A. 80, 1058-1062, 1983). One plasmid, pALS1, consists of the Neurospora ga-2+ gene (3 kb Hind III-fragment), the mitochondrial plasmid from N. intermedia strain P405 Labelle, and E. coli plasmid pBR325. The other, pALS2, is a putative deletion derivative of pALS1 that lacks most or all of the Labelle insert and that was repeatedly recovered from Neurospora transformants. We have now sequenced the region encompassing the deletion in five pALS2 plasmids isolated independently in two different laboratories. All five plasmids are identical in this region and completely lack the Labelle insert. We have also characterized an additional deletion derivative that retains a small (approximately 0.5 kb) segment of the Labelle insert. The results for pALS2 suggest that pBR325 plus the ga-2+ segment constitute a Neurospora replicon. PMID- 6236428 TI - Gene A protein cleavage of recombinant plasmids containing the phi X174 replication origin. AB - Synthetic oligonucleotides, DNA ligase and DNA polymerase were used to construct double-stranded DNA fragments homologous to the first 25, 27 or 30 b.p. of the origin of replication of bacteriophage phi X174 (nucleotides 4299-4328 of the phi X174 DNA sequence). The double-stranded DNA fragments were cloned into the unique SmaI or HindIII restriction sites in the kanamycin-resistance gene of pACYC177 (AmpR, KmR). Recombinant plasmids were picked up by colony hybridization. DNA sequencing showed that not only recombinant plasmids with the expected insert were formed, but also recombinant plasmids with a shorter insert. Recombinant plasmids with an insert homologous to the first 24, 25, 26, 27, 28 or all 30 b.p. of the phi X174 origin region were thus obtained. Supercoiled plasmids containing a sequence homologous to the first 27, 28 or 30 b.p. of the phi X174 origin region are nicked by the phi X174 gene A protein. However, the other supercoiled plasmids are not nicked by the phi X174 gene A protein. These results show that the first 27 b.p. of the phi X174 origin region are sufficient as well as required for the initiation step in phi X174 RF DNA replication, i.e. the cleavage by gene A protein. PMID- 6236429 TI - Counting the cost of sickness. PMID- 6236430 TI - Nursing Mirror mental handicap forum. Overcoming practical problems: the coaxing of Christine. PMID- 6236431 TI - Delayed adverse skin reactions associated with mitomycin-C administration. PMID- 6236432 TI - Local tissue damage from 5-fluorouracil extravasation. PMID- 6236434 TI - Hospital outbreak of hepatitis A: risk factors for spread. AB - A 34-month-old girl with Down's syndrome from the Marshall Islands was hospitalized in September, 1981, at Tripler Army Medical Center for evaluation of a heart murmur and definitive repair of an imperforate anus for which she had had a colostomy since birth. She became jaundiced and had serologic evidence of hepatitis A infection. Over the next month eight hospital personnel (four nurses, three nursing assistants and one physician) who had had direct contact with the patient became ill with hepatitis A. Our patient, like the index cases in five previous reports of nosocomial hepatitis A outbreaks, was incontinent of feces. In addition she was hospitalized during the incubation period before clinical illness when virus fecal excretion is likely to be maximal. Patients in the prodromal stage of hepatitis A infection who are hospitalized pose a significant risk to exposed hospital staff. This risk is enhanced if there are additional factors present which promote spread of disease by the fecal-oral route such as infancy, mental retardation, diarrhea and fecal incontinence. PMID- 6236433 TI - Transvenous double-balloon occlusion of the persistent ductus arteriosus: an experimental study. AB - A new method of transvenous catheter closure has been developed for closure of a persistent ductus arteriosus (PDA), especially in infants and children. The device consists of a 5F or 6F triple-lumen catheter which carries a detachable silicone double-balloon at the tip. After expanding the distal positioning balloon, the proximal occlusion balloon is placed in the PDA and filled to the required size with radiopaque silicone. As the silicone cures inside the balloon, a solid plug occludes the PDA after it is detached from the catheter. In 21 beagles a short segment of subclavian artery was interposed between the main pulmonary artery and the descending aorta, simulating a PDA. The procedure was tested on these models and proved to be suitable. Within one month the plug was covered with fibrous tissue at the pulmonary and aortic ends, thus ensuring permanent occlusion. The long-term follow-up extended for up to two years and confirmed the biocompatibility of the silicone plug. PMID- 6236435 TI - Ontogenic development and biological role of fetal suppressor cells and newborn contrasuppressor cells in mice. AB - Following essential information concerning immunoregulatory cellular circuits in adult animals, the ontogeny of mouse suppressor and contrasuppressor systems are described. Fetal suppressor T cells found in the spleen of fetal and newborn mice less than 2 days of age are capable of inhibiting T-dependent immunological responses. The abrupt loss of suppression is due to contrasuppressor activity of the newborn thymus and can be prevented by neonatal thymectomy or reversed by removing cells with anti-contrasuppressor I-J serum. The possible biological significance of fetal suppressor cells and newborn contrasuppressor cells are briefly discussed. PMID- 6236437 TI - The rights of handicapped infants. PMID- 6236436 TI - Ipratropium bromide in patients with nocturnal asthma. AB - Fourteen patients with nocturnal asthma were recruited to a two period crossover trial which compared a run-in period on nightly salbutamol (200 micrograms) with a period on nightly ipratropium bromide (160 micrograms) and a period on nightly salbutamol plus ipratropium at night. Morning dipping, as assessed by the fall in peak flow overnight, was significantly reduced in the periods when ipratropium bromide was taken. Peak flow in the morning and also at night was improved when taking ipratropium bromide. Ipratropium bromide in adequate dosage appears to be effective in reducing morning dipping in asthma. PMID- 6236438 TI - [Ultraviolet radiation and dental resins]. PMID- 6236439 TI - [Contribution of peroperative echography]. PMID- 6236440 TI - [Peroperative echography in hepatobiliary surgery]. AB - Intra-operative echography provides precise information on anatomy of the liver and accurately locates hepatic tumours, even small ones, thereby improving the operative strategy. It is most useful in biliary surgery for detection and treatment of intrahepatic lithiasis. By displaying undetected hepatic metastases, echography of the liver is of considerable value in surgery of common tumours of the digestive tract. PMID- 6236441 TI - [Severe and fatal non-A non-B hepatitis in 4 young and children]. AB - Four cases on non-A, non-B acute hepatitis have been observed in infants of the same family. No evidence of hepatitis A or B (HBs-Ag, anti-HBs antibodies, HBe Ag, anti-HBe and anti-HBc antibodies) could be detected in sera. Virological investigations showed no evidence of cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, infection, etc. The two younger infants developed disseminated intravascular coagulation and died. The other two recovered without sequelae. PMID- 6236442 TI - [Absence of effect of propranolol on urinary excretion of 3-methylhistidine in hyperthyroidism]. AB - Lean body mass and muscle protein breakdown were evaluated in euthyroid and hyperthyroid subjects by measuring the urinary excretion of creatinine and 3 methylhistidine. Since catecholamines probably have an inhibitory effect on muscle protein catabolism through a beta-receptor mechanism, the effects of propranolol on 3-methylhistidine excretion were also evaluated in hyperthyroid subjects. Hyperthyroid subjects had a lower lean body mass (34.9 +/- 6.3 kg versus 47.7 +/- 8.9 kg, p less than 0.001) and a greater 3-methylhistidine excretion (25.1 +/- 7.4 versus 19.0 +/- 4.8 mumol/mmol creatinine, p less than 0.05) than euthyroid subjects. Propranolol administered orally to hyperthyroid subjects decreased pulse rate (p less than 0.01) and plasma triiodothyronine concentrations (from 5.40 +/- 2.28 to 3.61 +/- 1.61 nmol/l, p less than 0.01), but did not modify urinary 3-methylhistidine excretion (24.8 +/- 8.7 versus 25.1 +/- 7.4 mumol/mmol creatinine). These results suggest that muscle wasting in hyperthyroidism is related to increased protein catabolism. This increased protein breakdown is not modified by short term administration of propranolol, a beta-blocking agent widely used in the management of hyperthyroidism. PMID- 6236443 TI - [Eosinophilic lungs]. AB - Eosinophilic pneumonias are characterized by the occurrence, at one moment or another, of radiological opacities in the lungs classically--though inconstantly- associated with an excess of eosinophils in peripheral blood. The syndrome is mostly of diagnostic value, being due to various causes (parasites, fungi, drugs, etc.) and encountered in several and not always well-defined pathological conditions, such as vasculitis, Carrington's chronic eosinophilic pneumonia, malignant hypereosinophilia and others. What is known of the physiology of eosinophilic granular leucocytes has thrown no light, so far, on the pathogenesis of this syndrome, and causes other than those already known cannot be ruled out. Even after well-conducted investigations, the aetiology of the syndrome is sometimes impossible to determine. In such cases, the need for a lung biopsy and, only afterwards, for a test corticosteroid therapy ought to be discussed. PMID- 6236444 TI - [Peroperative echotomography in the surgery of liver tumors]. AB - Intra-operative ultrasonography was performed in 10 patients with apparently single malignant tumours of the liver without invasion of the portal or hepatic veins. Five patients had hepatocellular carcinoma associated with cirrhosis and 5 had a secondary liver cancer. At laparotomy other tumoral lesions in 3 cases, portal vein thrombosis in 2 cases and invasion of the left hepatic vein in 1 case were detected by ultrasonography. In 2 patients deep intra-hepatic tumours less than 2 cm in diameter, which were neither visible nor palpable, were also detected by this method. As a result of the examination, subsegmental resection was carried out in 3 cases and hepatic lobectomy in 2 cases. Intra-operative ultrasonography therefore is a useful method to locate invisible tumours and vascular structures, thus preventing vascular injuries during the operation, facilitating limited tumoral resections and generally improving prognosis in patients operated upon for malignant hepatic tumours. PMID- 6236445 TI - [Danger of the intraperitoneal administration of amphotericin B during continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis]. PMID- 6236446 TI - [An unusual cause of acute respiratory insufficiency, massive inhalation of sawdust]. PMID- 6236447 TI - [Severe, prolonged hypoprothrombinemia following poisoning by chlorophacinone]. PMID- 6236448 TI - [Pneumoperitoneum following cardiorespiratory resuscitation procedures]. PMID- 6236449 TI - [Blood lymphocyte populations and immunoglobulin A nephropathies]. PMID- 6236450 TI - [Postoperative analgesia by epidural injection of ketamine]. PMID- 6236451 TI - [Diclofenac hepatitis. A case]. PMID- 6236452 TI - [Paroxysmal diplopia from beta-blockers. Apropos of a case from metoprolol]. PMID- 6236453 TI - [Hepatic intra-arterial chemotherapy using an implantable pump]. PMID- 6236454 TI - [Postoperative respiratory kinesitherapy. Use of an ideal analgesic]. PMID- 6236455 TI - [Acute outbreaks of chronic pancreatitis associated with recurrent hypereosinophilia in patients with progressive lipodystrophy]. PMID- 6236456 TI - [Presence of spermatozoa in hydrocele fluid]. PMID- 6236457 TI - [Mechanisms of the effect of exogenous thyroxine on the regulation of the immune response in mice]. AB - The influence of repeated administration of thyroxin (T4) in doses of 4 or 4000 micrograms/100 g body weight daily upon T-B co-operation and specific T suppressor formation was studied on CBA male rats. A stimulating effect of T4 low doses on the lymph node T-cell ability was demonstrated to co-operate with the normal marrow B-cells over a process of generation of the humoral response to the sheep red blood cells within the system of singeneic transfer. The injection of various T4 doses to donors of the marrow B-lymphocytes or recipients of T- and B cells from control animals did not alter the immune response in recipients. The inhibiting T4 effect on the formation of cell-suppressors of the antibody response to the sheep red blood cells, depending on the dose of hormone injected, was established. It is suggested that thyroid hormones are capable of regulating the immune response to thymus-dependent antigens through a selective action on regulatory T-lymphocytes. PMID- 6236458 TI - [Detection of pulmonary tuberculosis patients among rural inhabitants]. PMID- 6236459 TI - [Effect of indomethacin on systemic and local immune function in experimental tuberculous infection]. PMID- 6236460 TI - [Development of surgical treatment methods for pulmonary tuberculosis in the Uzbek SSR]. PMID- 6236461 TI - cDNA clone for the alpha-chain of human beta-hexosaminidase: deficiency of alpha chain mRNA in Ashkenazi Tay-Sachs fibroblasts. AB - We have isolated a cDNA clone containing sequences complementary to mRNA encoding the alpha-chain of the lysosomal enzyme beta-hexosaminidase. RNA from a human lung fibroblast strain, IMR90, was enriched for beta-hexosaminidase messenger by polysome immunoselection with antiserum against beta-hexosaminidase A. This preparation was used to construct cDNA recombinant plasmids by the Okayama-Berg vector primer procedure. After transformation of Escherichia coli, 385 ampicillin resistant colonies were obtained, 44 of which contained inserts in the plasmid DNA. Differential hybridization, with cDNA probes prepared from polysomal RNA enriched or depleted for beta-hexosaminidase messenger, was used to screen the recombinant plasmids for sequences encoding beta-hexosaminidase. One clone, p beta H alpha-1, containing a cDNA insert of approximately equal to 240 base pairs, was identified in this manner. The plasmid hybrid-selected a messenger from placental RNA that programed a translation system to synthesize the alpha chain of beta-hexosaminidase. p beta H alpha-1 hybridized to an mRNA of approximately equal to 1.9 kilobases in preparations enriched separately in messenger for the alpha-chain or for both alpha- and beta-chains (by polysome immunoselection with antiserum against isolated alpha-chain or against beta hexosaminidase A, respectively). It did not hybridize to an RNA preparation enriched for messenger of beta-chain by immunoselection with antiserum against beta-hexosaminidase B. The 1.9-kilobase mRNA was observed in poly(A)+ RNA preparations from control fibroblasts and from fibroblasts of a Tay-Sachs patient that synthesize an altered alpha-chain; however, it was not seen in similar preparations from fibroblasts of four Ashkenazi Tay-Sachs patients. PMID- 6236462 TI - The increase in intracellular free calcium associated with IgG gamma 2b/gamma 1 Fc receptor-ligand interactions: role in phagocytosis. AB - The concentration of cytosolic free calcium, [Ca2+]i, was measured in J774 mouse macrophages by use of the fluorescent indicator quin-2. Resting [Ca2+]i was 87 nM. Addition of a number of specific ligands to the immunoglobulin gamma 2b/gamma 1 Fc receptor resulted in a transient increase in [Ca2+]i, the magnitude of which depended on the extent of receptor aggregation. Monovalent ligands gave only a small Ca2+ signal but blocked cell response to subsequent addition of multivalent ligands. Incubation with antibody-coated erythrocytes raised macrophage [Ca2+]i to micromolar levels. [Ca2+]i changes were only partially inhibited by the absence of external Ca2+, suggesting the release of Ca2+ from internal stores in addition to an influx of external Ca2+. These internal stores were not limited to mitochondria. An optimal range of [Ca2+]i was required for phagocytosis. Buffering [Ca2+]i with quin-2 and treating cells with quinine in the absence of external Ca2+ resulted in inhibition of phagocytosis. Increasing [Ca2+]i to micromolar levels with the calcium ionophore A23187 also resulted in similar inhibitory effects. We suggest the involvement of localized cytosolic Ca2+ gradients in generating the signals necessary for phagocytosis. PMID- 6236464 TI - Ca2+ metabolism of Plasmodia-infected erythrocytes. PMID- 6236463 TI - New forms and future perspectives in endocrine treatment of prostatic carcinoma. PMID- 6236465 TI - Structure and function of the erythrocyte membrane skeleton. PMID- 6236466 TI - Active calcium transport in normal and abnormal human erythrocytes. PMID- 6236467 TI - Assessment of reproductive and genetic monitoring in occupational settings- legal/labor viewpoint. PMID- 6236470 TI - Comparison of physically disabled elderly persons on two measures of assertiveness. PMID- 6236468 TI - The anatomy of the epigastric flap in the experimental rat. AB - In order to explain the variability noted in the fluorescein staining characteristics of the epigastric axial flap in the experimental laboratory rat, the anatomy of the blood supply of this particular flap was investigated. In 10 rats, the vascular pattern of the superficial epigastric trunk to the abdominal skin was found to be similar. A small branch of the trunk extended toward the medial abdominal skin to collateralize with a branch of the internal mammary vessel entering from the chest skin. A large extension of the superficial epigastric trunk extended laterally toward the midlateral point of the animal and cephalad to collateralize with the vessels in the lateral chest wall, presumably the lateral thoracic artery. Fluorescein staining characteristics of 10 flaps including or excluding the lateral branch were examined, and a significant difference was found in the immediate fluorescein staining characteristics. The flaps that included the lateral branch fluoresced to an average of 89.2 percent of the flap length, and those in which the lateral branch was excluded fluoresced to 68.7 percent of the flap length. The use of this flap model in experimental flap research should include a precise description of the anatomy of the particular flap used in order to ensure reproducible results. PMID- 6236469 TI - Osteoporosis, osteomalacia, rickets, and Paget's disease. AB - Although the common form of osteoporosis associated with aging can be treated, it is best to avoid the problem by not letting the disease develop. Osteomalacia is caused by inadequate or delayed mineralization of bone and is treated by correcting the abnormal intake, loss, or metabolism of vitamin D, phosphate, and calcium. Paget's disease is characterized by osteoclastic resorption of bone with new bone laid down in a disorganized fashion. PMID- 6236471 TI - Cardiovascular responses in the diabetic rat. AB - Cardiac and regional haemodynamics have been studied in 12- and 15-week-old streptozotocin-diabetic rats and in non-diabetic controls. Reduced cardiac output has been found in the 15-week-old diabetic rats (64 +/- 13 ml/min, mean +/- S.D.), while 12-week-old diabetic rats expressed normal values (104 +/- 25 ml/min, mean +/- S.D.). Renal blood flows of 12- and 15-week-old diabetic rats (3.4 +/- 1 ml/min . g and 3.7 +/- 1 ml/min . g, mean +/-S.D. respectively) were similarly decreased, when compared to those of non-diabetic rats (5.47 +/- 1 ml/min . g). This finding could be only partly attributed to the increased plasma renin activity of the 12- and 15-week-old diabetic rats (16.6 +/- 6 ng/ml . h and 19.3 +/- 4 ng/ml . h respectively), which were higher than normal (4 +/- 1 ng/ml . h). Otherwise the circulations of the brain, heart, gastrointestinal and musculocutaneous systems were similar in the diabetic and non-diabetic rats. In conclusion, while cardiac output was decreased only in the 15-week-old diabetic rats, renal perfusion was altered at an earlier stage of the diabetic process. PMID- 6236472 TI - Blood flow and absorption from the rumen. AB - Blood flow to the ruminoreticular epithelium varies cyclically with feeding. Within this range the absorption of rapidly penetrating solutes will be dependent on the blood flow. For HTO absorption, the most satisfactory model suggests the involvement of a countercurrent exchanger behind the epithelium. The consequences of this arrangement are presented, and are qualitatively consistent with known effects of solute absorption on net water movement. The control mechanisms for net water absorption are not fully identified. The observed blood flows in the splanchnic region raise interesting questions of functional changes in the omasum and fat. PMID- 6236473 TI - [The duties of dental assistants for patients with hepatitis]. PMID- 6236474 TI - Occurrence of mammary tumors in rats after exposure to tritium beta rays and 200 kVp X rays. AB - The RBE for tritium was estimated in reference to 200-kVp X rays, using acceleration of breast tumor appearance in the female Sprague-Dawley rat as the end-point. Chronic X-ray doses of 0.3-2.0 Gy were delivered over 10 days. Intraperitoneal injections of tritiated water ranging in concentrations from 45 to 370 MBq/100 g body wt were administered, followed by four additional injections at 2-day intervals and half of the initial concentrations. Seventy five percent of the total tritium dose was delivered to the mammary gland within the first 10 days and 95% within the first 20 days after the start of the tritium exposure. RBE estimations were based on various criteria including the tumor incidence per Gy at 450 days postirradiation and the time required to induce tumors in 50% of the animals at risk. The results suggest that tritium beta rays are about 1.1-1.3 times more effective than chronic 200-kVp X rays for acceleration of the appearance of rat mammary tumors. However, the uncertainties involved in these calculations are such that the effects of tritium beta rays could not be reliably distinguished from those of chronic 200-kVp X rays. Measured differences in RBE values were slightly larger for the comparison between acute and chronic X rays than for the comparison between chronic tritium beta rays and chronic X rays. PMID- 6236475 TI - [Changes in the mitochondrial ATPase activity of liver cells after X-ray irradiation]. AB - 24 h following total-body X-irradiation of rats with a dose of 7 Gy the growth of the ATPase activity diminished, with the addition of bicarbonate, by 2 times in the preparations of mitochondria and submitochondrial particles, and by 1.5 times, in preparations of a soluble enzyme. No changes were noted in the electrophoretic motility of soluble ATPase. PMID- 6236476 TI - Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty for pediatric renovascular hypertension. AB - Five children had percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) for renal artery stenosis, involving the mid- or distal main renal artery or proximal branches in 4 and developing after saphenous vein patch angioplasty in 1. All 5 children became normotensive following the procedure, but one later became hypertensive due to recurrent renal artery stenosis. The authors recommend PTA for treatment of mid- to distal renal artery stenosis in children. PMID- 6236477 TI - Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of the renal artery. Results and long-term follow-up. AB - Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) was used to treat 109 patients with 141 renal artery stenoses, including 58 patients in whom medical management was unsuccessful. The initial success rate was 94%. Fifty-five patients had severe diffuse atherosclerosis and 40 had renal insufficiency. Thus far, 36 patients (50 stenoses) have undergone a total of 52 follow-up angiographic studies. Clinical data, including blood pressure response, were obtained in all cases. Only 7 of the 98 hypertensive patients failed to respond to PTA. Of the 11 patients treated primarily for renal insufficiency, 5 improved. Of the 29 hypertensive patients who also had elevated BUN and creatinine, renal function improved in 13. Altogether, 96 patients (88%) benefited from the procedure. Analysis of long-term results suggests that PTA should be the treatment of choice for fibromuscular dysplasia and short, segmental atherosclerotic lesions and could also prove helpful in improving renal insufficiency. PMID- 6236479 TI - Legal case briefs for nurses. RI: contact dermatitis: workers' compensation; NY: suicide plan revealed: liability. PMID- 6236478 TI - Transluminal angioplasty: a mechanical-pathophysiological correlation of its physical mechanisms. AB - We quantitatively determined the relative contribution of various factors leading to arterial lumen enlargement during transluminal angioplasty. Mechanical tests were conducted on both normal and atherosclerotic artery necropsy specimens. In our range of dilating pressures (0-3.4 atm or 0-50 lb/in2), content extrusion of fluid from the plaque accounted for 6-12% of the overall lumen area increase, while compaction of the plaque accounted for only 1-1.5%. The majority of the increase, 86.8-93%, was due to plaque and arterial wall disruption. The mechanism of disruption began with shearing of the plaque from the underlying artery at relatively low dilating pressures and continued with longitudinal tearing and stretching of the arterial wall at higher pressures. Diseased arteries dilated significantly more than nondiseased arteries at dilating pressures greater than or equal to 1.36 atm or 20 lb/in2 (P less than .05). In the range of stenoses that were tested (10-50%), the mean dilating pressure required to increase the lumen cross-sectional area by 50% was approximately 1.5 atm or 22 lb/in2. PMID- 6236480 TI - [Hysterical amaurosis]. PMID- 6236482 TI - [Indications and contraindications of vitrectomy and technical methods used after the initial months of clinical experience]. PMID- 6236481 TI - [Hypertensive uveitis. III. Clinical forms]. PMID- 6236483 TI - [Conditions in which a perforating wound of the cornea with hernia of the iris can be treated without iridectomy]. PMID- 6236484 TI - [Problems in practical management of malignant glaucoma]. PMID- 6236485 TI - [Von Hippel's angiomatosis]. PMID- 6236488 TI - [Practical value of provocation tests in glaucoma]. PMID- 6236487 TI - [Diagnosis of malignant choroid melanomas]. PMID- 6236486 TI - [Ocular injuries in sports]. PMID- 6236489 TI - [Retinal detachment in the aphakic eye]. PMID- 6236490 TI - [Immediate and late visual prognosis in neglected acute glaucoma]. PMID- 6236491 TI - [Scintigraphy in the evaluation of painful arthroplasties. Simultaneous use of technetium and gallium]. AB - Fifty-nine patients with 60 painful hip arthroplasties were assessed by scintigraphy using M.D.P. 99m Te and 67 Ga bone scanning. The M.D.P. 99m Te bone scanning was very reliable with 100 p. 100 of positive results. However, it did not elucidate the cause of the pain. Sixty-seven Ga scanning, when positive, allowed the diagnosis to be orientated towards an infective cause. However in 6 out of 18, the scanning was negative despite a proved infection. The technical details are described by which quicker and safer results can be obtained. PMID- 6236492 TI - [Posterior rotation osteotomy of the femoral head in femur head necrosis]. AB - Since 1969 the authors have been developing a technique of posterior rotation osteotomy based on the concept of L. Mole as a conservative treatment for avascular necrosis of the femoral head in the adult. The technique consists of rotating the head round the axis of the neck so as to displace the necrotic bone from the weight bearing area to the posterior part of the joint. It is a safe procedure which leaves the joint undisturbed, the muscles intact and the vessels of the femoral head undamaged. It must be done very precisely to avoid undesirable displacement of the head. Since 1979 the technique has been modified in the light of Sugioka's concepts. It is indicated for grades II and III necroses. Twenty-six cases have been operated on and followed up for a maximum of 15 years. Seventy-five percent of the results were satisfactory as far as pain and function were concerned. The radiographic evaluation has shown no progress of the necrotic zones, but arthrosis, often severe, almost always appeared even though it was clinically silent. Although the procedure does not allow healing of the lesion, it permits conservation of the femoral head for some years and thus delays the need for arthroplasty. PMID- 6236493 TI - [Value of arthrography in hip dislocation during the 1st year of life]. AB - Forty-four arthrograms were done in 41 infants less than one year old. The author has studied displacement of the femoral head and deformity of the acetabulum. The relationship of the femoral head to the limbus was specifically assessed. The antero-posterior orientation of the acetabulum was found to be normal. The sphericity of the acetabulum varied with the position of the hip. The maximum sphericity was found in 90 degrees flexion, 35 degrees abduction and neutral rotation. In this position the femoral head was better centered. PMID- 6236494 TI - [Unbalanced pelvic girdle in motor disability of cerebral origin. Success and limitations of adductor muscle tenotomy]. AB - One hundred and fifty eight children with an unbalanced pelvis were reviewed. All suffered from cerebral palsy and were treated by tenotomy of the adductor muscles. The aims were: 1 - To improve the position of the femoral head. For this purpose, the best effects were obtained before the age of 4 so that acetabular dysplasia was prevented and the need for pelvic osteotomy, which is often hazardous in this type of patient, avoided. 2 - To achieve better balance of the pelvic girdle. Adductor tenotomy was often associated with tenotomy of the ilio tibial tract or with division of the costo-iliac or ilio-lumbar muscles with posterior radiculotomies. PMID- 6236495 TI - [Neglected luxations of the elbow. 25 surgical reductions]. AB - During the past 8 years the authors have seen 47 old dislocations of the elbow. In 16 instances, function was acceptable with more than 90 degrees flexion and in 31 it was not acceptable. Twenty five elbows were operated on with 23 satisfactory results and 2 stiff elbows. The importance of long-term rehabilitation is stressed. Reduction achieved a better position of the elbow but only slight improvement in the range of movement. The need for surgical reduction should only be considered after several months of rehabilitation since some older cases can be improved without surgery. More recent cases should be operated on as soon as possible. PMID- 6236497 TI - [A case of aneurysmal cyst of the spine. Pathogenic and therapeutic problems]. AB - The diagnosis of aneurysmal bone cyst is facilitated by modern methods and progress in surgical technique allows their excision. A cyst of the spine was found in a 23 year old woman. It was the size of a grapefruit at the level of the 12th thoracic vertebra. It was asymptomatic and discovered after routine radiological examination. It was removed by a thoraco-abdominal approach to avoid neurological impairment. The spine was fixed by internal fixation and grafted. The condition of the patient was satisfactory after 9 months. A review of the literature reveals the frequency of neurological complications and of recurrence. This justified the planned removal of the tumour despite the possibility of a spontaneous healing. Radiotherapy should be considered only in cases where total excision and fixation is not possible. PMID- 6236496 TI - [Restoration of elbow flexion by tendon transfer in traumatic paralysis of the brachial plexus in adults. Apropos of 44 injured patients]. AB - Forty-four post traumatic paralyses of the brachial plexus were operated on to restore elbow flexion using tendon transfers. On 19 occasions, the plexus had been explored surgically with 10 neurolyses and 9 nerve repairs. Eight patients had a second tendon transfer, the first one having failed. Twenty-two Steindler flexor plasties were performed, the medial epicondyle being transferred upwards by an average of 4.5 cms. Details of treatment are described by which secondary displacement of the transplanted medial epicondyle can be avoided. On 5 occasions the results were poor. Pectoralis minor was transferred 8 times with 5 failures due to the difficulty of appreciating the preoperative strength of the muscle and because of technical problems. The technique should only be used in C5-C6 lesions. On 14 occasions the triceps was transferred with 14 successes. The simultaneous contraction of biceps and triceps was advantageous. The results of all kinds of transfers were much better after C5-C6 paralysis than after C5-C6-C7 lesions. For correction of medial rotation deformity, osteotomy appeared to be safer than tendon transfer. PMID- 6236498 TI - [A technical stratagem to avoid skin complications in surgical repair of ruptures of the Achilles tendon]. AB - The authors have advocated the longitudinal division of the anterior aspect of the tendon sheath to allow suture of the posterior aspect of the sheath in the course of repair of tendo Achillis ruptures. This technique thus allows interposition of tissue between the tendon and the skin and was used with success in 19 cases. PMID- 6236499 TI - [Septic complications of osteoarticular surgery in children]. PMID- 6236500 TI - [Superior radio-ulnar synostosis following fracture of the neck of the radius in children. Apropos of 4 cases]. PMID- 6236501 TI - [What's new in hand surgery?]. PMID- 6236502 TI - [Treatment of congenital hip dislocation in newborn infants and infants with Pavlik's harness. Experience with our 1st 107 cases]. PMID- 6236503 TI - [Bone scintigraphy in Legg-Perthes-Calve disease. Technic, results, indications]. PMID- 6236504 TI - [Decision criteria and results of orthopedic treatment of idiopathic scolioses less than 30 degrees. Apropos of a series of 56 cases]. PMID- 6236505 TI - [Sagittal deviations of the spine, and trial of classification as a function of the pelvic balance]. PMID- 6236506 TI - [Treatment of spondylolisthesis in adolescents and adults by intersomatic arthrodesis using a posterior approach. Apropos of 40 cases]. PMID- 6236507 TI - [The ICLH knee prosthesis in rheumatoid polyarthritis. Results and complications]. PMID- 6236508 TI - [Results of the treatment of recent sprains of the knee apropos of a statistical study of 369 cases]. PMID- 6236509 TI - [Acute lesions of the anterior cruciate ligament of the knee. Apropos of 71 follow-up cases]. PMID- 6236510 TI - [Treatment of chronic laxity of the knee by mixed intra- and extra-articular plastic surgery]. PMID- 6236512 TI - [Posterior muscle shortness of the foot in cerebral motor disability. Physiology. Therapeutic consequences]. PMID- 6236511 TI - [Results of the treatment of fractures of the tarsal scaphoid bone]. PMID- 6236513 TI - [178 silicone elastomer monobloc prostheses of the forefoot. Results at the 5th year]. PMID- 6236514 TI - [Experimental study of intra-articular carbon fibers in the knee of the dog with and without preservation of the anterior cruciate ligament]. PMID- 6236515 TI - [Piezoelectricity and osteogenesis]. PMID- 6236516 TI - [Value of telemetric electromyography during walking in cerebral motor disability]. PMID- 6236518 TI - [Morphological study and functional value of the femoral insertion of the popliteal muscle]. PMID- 6236517 TI - [Biomechanics of the acetabulum]. PMID- 6236519 TI - [Are advances in genetics going to eliminate congenital malformations?]. PMID- 6236520 TI - [Displacement of cruciate ligament insertions during flexion of the normal knee]. PMID- 6236522 TI - [2-stage grafts of flexor tendons. Analysis of a series of 67 cases]. PMID- 6236521 TI - [Anatomo-radiological study of fractures of the carpal scaphoid bone. Problems of abnormal callus]. PMID- 6236523 TI - [Suture of the extensor tendons of the hand with assisted mobilization. Apropos of 120 cases]. PMID- 6236524 TI - [Tuberculosis of the cervical spine. Radiological study apropos of a multicenter series of 53 cases]. PMID- 6236525 TI - [X-ray computed tomography in fractures of the acetabulum]. PMID- 6236526 TI - [Study of the frontal ground position of the back of the foot by retrotibial incident radiography with controlled rotation. Comparison with data from the Meary-type image]. PMID- 6236527 TI - Morphological and statistical investigation of the occurrence of 'tubule-like cells' in the renal corpuscle of the mouse kidney induced by sex hormones. AB - In this report the authors describe the structural and ultrastructural characteristics of some cells constituting the parietal layer of Bowman's capsule of the mouse kidney, which are very similar to the epithelial cells of the proximal convoluted tubule (tubule-like cells). These elements are noted in mature and immature mice of both sexes, but their fine morphology and statistical incidence seem related to the sex and the age of the mice, as revealed by the different responsiveness of the same animals to sex hormones experimentally administered. Such substances, directly and/or through an influence on gonadotropins (especially luteinizing hormone), are able to modify (mainly increasing) the percentage of renal corpuscles possessing tubule-like cells. PMID- 6236528 TI - Effects of some clinically significant mycotoxins on the incorporation of DNA, RNA and protein precursors in cultured mammalian cells. AB - The effects of zearalenone (F-2), ochratoxin A and T-2 toxins on the synthesis of DNA, RNA and proteins in mouse L cells were studied. F-2 toxin inhibited protein synthesis to a lesser extent than DNA and RNA synthesis, whereas ochratoxin A inhibited the synthesis of each equally. Exposure to the toxins for 24 hours relatively reduced the synthetic ability of the cells. T-2 toxin inhibited protein and DNA synthesis in parallel but RNA synthesis to a lesser extent. Enhanced incorporation of tritiated thymidine was found when L cells were exposed to 0.4 to 0.016 ng of T-2 toxin ml-1 for 24 hours. PMID- 6236530 TI - Failure of resistive breathing training to improve pulmonary function tests in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. AB - The effects on pulmonary function tests and exercise tolerance of resistive breathing training (RBT) were assessed in 16 subjects with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) who had received no benefit from previous programs of breathing retraining (BR) and medical therapy (MT). 16 male patients with mild degree stable COPD underwent detailed evaluation of pulmonary function tests, blood gas analysis and exercise tolerance test before and after a monthly program of RBT. The patients had received no physiological effects from previous monthly programs of BR and MT. No change in pulmonary function tests, blood gas analysis and exercise tolerance test was observed after RBT. Only maximal static expiratory pressure increased significantly after RBT. We conclude that RBT does not improve pulmonary function tests in subjects who received no physiological benefit from BR. PMID- 6236529 TI - Diffuse interstitial lung diseases: a histochemical approach. AB - 72 cases of diffuse interstitial lung diseases were observed from 1969 to 1976. Specimens removed from 47 patients were subjected to the whole spectrum of reactions. According to variation of both elastin and collagen, the following groups were outlined: group A: mycobacteriosis, farmer's lung, sarcoidosis and silicosis; group B: chronic eosinophilic pneumonia, lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia, post-tuberculous pulmonary fibrosis, and group C: X-ray pneumopathy, desquamative interstitial pneumonia, sclerodermic pneumopathy and chronic pulmonary fibrosis (primary chronic fibroadenomyosis). Each of these groups presents a close relationship between histochemical, radiological, clinical and functional findings. PMID- 6236531 TI - [Neural control of the respiratory muscles]. PMID- 6236532 TI - [Impaired left ventricular diastolic filling in patients with angina pectoris, diabetes mellitus and essential hypertension: assessment with a backward method of ECG-gated equilibrium radionuclide angiocardiography]. PMID- 6236533 TI - [Left ventricular hypertrophy in essential arterial hypertension]. PMID- 6236534 TI - [Fixed pigmented erythema: generalized form]. PMID- 6236535 TI - [Carriers of Staphylococcus aureus in a surgery department. Phage typing and study of sensitivity to antibiotics]. PMID- 6236536 TI - [Sickle cell anemia: report of a case]. PMID- 6236537 TI - Treatment of the chronic active hepatitis B patient in dental practice: a case study. PMID- 6236538 TI - [Down's syndrome. II--Considerations on conceptual variables]. PMID- 6236539 TI - [Clinical use, effects and results of fibrin glue in dentistry]. PMID- 6236540 TI - [Properties of Delton under special experimental conditions]. PMID- 6236541 TI - [Statistic considerations in the treatment of patients with coagulation disorders: 2 methods of approach]. PMID- 6236542 TI - [Usefulness of computerized tomography in the diagnosis of Huntington chorea]. PMID- 6236543 TI - [Study of blood T-lymphocyte subpopulations in ankylosing spondylarthritis using monoclonal antibodies]. AB - Blood T lymphocyte subpopulations were studied by using various monoclonal antibodies in 20 patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and in 20 age and sex matched controls. A significant decrease in OKT4 (p less than 0.04) and OKT8 (p less than 0.02) lymphocytes was demonstrated in AS patients. OKT4 cells were significantly decreased (p less than 0.02) in patients with a severe ankylosis and in those with the longest disease duration. This decrease was not explained by older ages. Thus there was an negative correlation between OKT4 cell ratio and disease duration. No modification in T cell subpopulations was noted when considering HLA B27 positivity or disease activity. PMID- 6236544 TI - Enumeration of T cell subsets with monoclonal antibodies in minor salivary glands of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. AB - Labial salivary glands of 51 patients with rheumatoid arthritis and those of 25 control patients were examined by the ANAE (acid alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase) technique to determine the percentages of B- and T-lymphocytes and mononuclear phagocytes (MPS cells). Using monoclonal antibodies (OKT3 for all T cells, OKT4 for helper/inducer T cells, OKT6 for thymocytes, and OKT8 for suppressor/cytotoxic T cells) T cell subsets were enumerated. B-lymphocytes predominated in both series of salivary glands, and the percentages of B and T cells were equal in both series. The absolute cell counts in the salivary glands of rheumatics were significantly higher (P less than 0.001) than in those of healthy controls. The number of OKT4+ cells was increased in rheumatics, leading to an elevated OKT4+/OKT8+ ratio when compared with that in controls (P less than 0.01). The results suggest that the basic phenomenon behind the B cell hyperactivity noticed in rheumatics might be due to increased activity of T helper cells rather than reduced number of T suppressor cells, which were shown to remain almost unaffected in the salivary glands of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. PMID- 6236545 TI - Clinical short term study of marginal integrity of resin restorations. AB - The marginal adaptation of 649 Durafill and Silux fillings in beveled and acid etched enamel cavities was assessed in a clinical study. The investigation included Class III with and without lingual extension, Class IV and Class V. The frequency of marginal discoloration and marginal gaps after 15 months was markedly reduced in all Classes when a low-viscous resin was used prior to application of the restorative. PMID- 6236546 TI - Endoscopic sonography of the liver--diagnostic application of the echolaparoscope to localize intrahepatic lesions. AB - To overcome the limitations of ultrasonography and laparoscopy for abdominal diseases, the use of echolaparoscopy was investigated. The instruments used were the prototype echolaparoscope type 1-3 manufactured by Olympus Optical Co., Tokyo, Japan. The first prototype has the external diameter of 12 mm. It consists of an internal shaft connecting to a fixed transducer and a rotating mirror connected to the motor unit and a regular laparoscope to assess the position of the scanning head. The second and third prototypes were versions of the former and had an outer diameter of 10 mm to allow interchangeable use with a regular laparoscope. Transducers used were either of 10 or 7.5 MHz, 7 mm in diameter, and ultrasonic scanning was made by the mirror reflection method. A total of 67 cases with various abdominal diseases were examined on 73 occasions. The merit of the method is its ability to visualize occult lesions in the liver such as cysts and tumors. Differentiation between hepatic hemangioma and hepatocellular carcinoma could be mad without difficulty due to its increased resolution. Furthermore, this method was used as a guide to liver biopsy of occult tumors and decision making in cases of surgical resection of the hepatic lesions. PMID- 6236547 TI - C3 cleaved by membrane proteases binds to C3b acceptors expressed on concanavalin A-stimulated human lymphocytes and enhances antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. AB - On activation of cells membrane-associated proteases--including serine esterases known to cleave the third component of complement (C3)--become expressed. In this paper it is shown that as a consequence of this enzyme activity isolated native human C3 added to concanavalin A (Con A)-activated human lymphocytes is cleaved on the surface of the blast cells. This enables the immediate fixation of nascent C3b (C3bx) through its short-lived metastable binding site to C3b acceptors (C3bA's) newly expressed on Con A-stimulated cells. Acceptor-bound C3b is detected by the immune adherence rosette formation of the C3-treated Con A blasts with the C3b receptor (C3bR)-bearing O, Rh+ erythrocytes (32 +/- 4%). The cleavage of C3 and the covalent fixation of C3b are shown to be inhibited by phenylmethylsulphonyl fluoride and methylamine, respectively. As a functional consequence of the covalent fixation of C3b to the mitogen-activated lymphocytes it is demonstrated that the antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) of these cells against O, Rh+ erythrocytes sensitized with anti-D IgG is significantly enhanced. The C3 specificity of the process and the role of C3bR's of the target cells are proved. It is postulated that effector cell-bound C3b amplifies ADCC by improving effector cell-target cell contact. PMID- 6236549 TI - Immunization of haemophiliacs against hepatitis B. A joint study between the haemophilia centers in Leuven, Belgium and Malmo, Sweden. PMID- 6236548 TI - Effects of interferon-alpha/beta and interferon-gamma preparations on phagocytosis by mouse peritoneal macrophages. AB - The influence of murine alpha/beta-interferon (Mu IFN-alpha/beta) and murine gamma-interferon (Mu IFN-gamma) preparations on the attachment and ingestion phase of phagocytosis by mouse peritoneal macrophages (MPM) was studied. A non opsonized strain of Escherichia coli, IgG-opsonized E. coli, and sheep erythrocytes opsonized with IgG (E-IgG) and IgM plus complement factor C3b (E IgMC) were used as test particles. Pretreatment of MPM with 10(2)-10(3) U/ml of Mu IFN-alpha/beta for 24 h enhanced both attachment and ingestion of bacteria or erythrocytes mediated by the non-specific receptor, the Fc receptor, or the C3b receptor. Higher concentrations had no such effects. In contrast, treatment of MPM with 10(1)-10(2)U/ml of Mu IFN-gamma suppressed attachment and ingestion of non-opsonized and IgG-opsonized E. coli and of E-IgG by 10-40%. Mu IFN-gamma did not influence attachment and ingestion of E-IgMC. The effects were neutralized by specific anti-IFN antiserum. The data indicate that the IFN effect on phagocytic activity is, at least to a large extent, due to modifications of the surface receptors. PMID- 6236551 TI - Antigen-antibody complexes in hemophilia. PMID- 6236550 TI - Use of HBV vaccine in hemophiliacs. PMID- 6236552 TI - Decreased helper-suppressor cell ratios following treatment with blood products: factor VIII and IX concentrates and fresh frozen plasma. PMID- 6236553 TI - Erythema-inducing effects of solvents following epicutaneous administration to man--studied by laser Doppler flowmetry. AB - Skin exposure to solvents can cause erythema, edema, scaling, and, eventually, irritant contact dermatitis. The irritant potential of chemicals is usually assessed by visual scoring, but in recent years a more objective measuring technique, laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF), has been introduced for the assessment of erythema. The method is noninvasive and allows continuous recording. In the present study 11 solvents were applied for 5 min or less to the volar forearms of a man and the kinetics of the response is shown. For seven solvents (dimethyl sulfoxide, trichloroethylene, n-hexane, carbon tetrachloride, toluene, 1,1,1 trichloroethane, 1,1,2-trichloroethane) an increase was found over the pretreatment values, whereas four solvents (methyl ethyl ketone, ethanol, propylene glycol, distilled water) did not influence blood flow. The findings are discussed in relation to the macroscopic picture (whitening and erythema) and in relation to previous studies of the edema-inducing effects of the same solvents on man and experimental animals. It is concluded that LDF is well worth trying in cases of marginal irritancy and for predictive testing, since it seems to be more sensitive and reliable than the naked eye. PMID- 6236554 TI - Development and evaluation of field methods for ammonia in air. AB - Three methods for measuring ammonia in air have been evaluated. Filters impregnated with 10% (volume/volume) phosphoric acid in methanol were used for two methods. Sampling was done either with a filter cassette connected to a pump or with the filters placed in a passive monitor (Gasbadge). The filters were leached with distilled water after the sampling and analyzed with ion chromatography or colorimetry (Nessler). The third method tested was a colorimetric air-monitoring badge system (ProTek). The tests showed that the accuracy of the filter methods is good and that the results are not affected by humidity. If ion chromatography is used for the analysis, amines do not interfere. The Gasbadge monitors increased their uptake when the air velocity over the sampler was raised from 0.2 to 1.0 m/s. The accuracy of the ProTek method was poor, the method was biased, and blank samples showed high values. In field tests carried out in a foundry and at a fertilizer plant, the agreement between the filter methods was good, whereas the results of the ProTek method deviated drastically from those of the other methods. PMID- 6236555 TI - Pigment gene scrutinized. PMID- 6236556 TI - [Introduction of scientific achievements into public health practice (the experience of the Byelorussian Research Institute of Maternal and Child Health Care)]. PMID- 6236557 TI - [Use of a work time budget by rural district health officers in epidemiological health stations]. PMID- 6236558 TI - [Raising the health education level of workers on dairy farm complexes]. PMID- 6236559 TI - [Public health on the virgin lands of Kazakhstan]. PMID- 6236560 TI - [Improving the qualifications of therapists in acute coronary pathology]. PMID- 6236561 TI - [Pediatric road traffic injuries in a large city]. PMID- 6236563 TI - [Morbidity characteristics of the rural population in the region of developed virgin lands]. PMID- 6236562 TI - [Let us improve the ideological and moral education of students]. PMID- 6236565 TI - Low-back pain in nurses and some loading factors of work. AB - Questionnaires were sent to qualified nurses (QNs) and nursing aides (NAs) to study the prevalence of low-back pain (LBP) and sciatica in relation to age, work load, free time activities, menstruation, pregnancies and number of children. LBP and sciatica severe enough to make them unfit for daily tasks were significantly more common in NAs. Back injury and disability pension due to sciatic symptoms were also more common in NAs. Occupationally, NAs had twice the amount of lifting, bending, and rotation, while QNs reported more sitting and standing at work. Under the age of 30, the heaviness of the work was related to LBP in both NAs and QNs. It was concluded that prevention should be directed to improvements in the occupational work load, particularly for younger nurses. PMID- 6236564 TI - The relationship between work history, work environment and low-back pain in men. AB - Interviews were conducted with 303 men to determine aspects of work history and working environment that are related to low-back pain. Respondents included no pain, moderate pain, and severe pain samples. Data were obtained for 150 variables including task frequencies, weights lifted, lifting postures, type of floor surface, type of chair support, pushing, pulling, and carrying activities, driving vehicles, and attributions of pain occurrence to particular situations. Univariate analyses showed difference among the three pain groups for lifting method, having had lifting instruction, stretching and reaching activities, amount of sitting and twisting in seat, pushing materials of varied weights, and contributions of pain onset. Multivariate regression analyses selected activities from (1) standing and lifting, (2) carrying, pushing, and pulling, (3) sitting, (4) driving vehicles, and (5) using vibrating equipment that jointly explained pain group variance. The significant variables from each domain were used in second-level multiple regressions to explain differences between no pain and pain, and between moderate and severe pain. Computed weights for pulling, lifting method, weight carried, reaching and stretching, chair support, number of times/day in-out of chair, and heavy vibration exposure explained 27% of variance between moderate and severe pain groups. Weights for automobile driving, number of times/day in-out of vehicle, number of lifts/day, maximum weight pulled, sitting with feet on floor, and exposure to heavy vibration explained 23% of the variance between no pain and pain groups. PMID- 6236566 TI - The effect of postural changes on the inferred pressures within the nucleus pulposus during lumbar discography. AB - By observing the variation of intradiscal pressure occurring at different body postures, it is possible to infer a functional hydrostatic behavior of a lumbar disc. Results from such observations on normal discs are already available. However, observations on degenerate discs are largely restricted to in vitro studies. The authors are now able to report a series of recordings taken from discographically degenerate lumbar discs in patients presenting with low-back pain. In this study of twenty patients, pressure observations were made on 21 normal and 19 abnormal discs. From the results that the authors have obtained, they can reaffirm that normal discs behave predictably and as previously described. The abnormal discs, however, did not behave as a single group. They showed patterns of pressure changes in different postures often dissimilar from that shown by the normal discs both in the absolute values recorded and the sequential changes that occur during the postural change. Unfortunately, the authors were unable to correlate either the extent or character of disc degeneration with the observed variation in pressure changes. PMID- 6236567 TI - The natural history of root entrapment syndrome. AB - An attempt was made to recognize entrapment of the lumbar root within the root canal using four criteria; (1) severe, constant root pain to the lower leg, (2) pain unrelieved by bed rest, (3) minimal tension signs, and (4) patients over 40 years of age. Two hundred forty-nine patients fulfilled the criteria, representing 11% of patients attending a back pain clinic. Most had restricted spinal extension, but few had abnormal neurologic signs. Degenerative change was common, especially disc space reduction. Central canal size measured by ultrasound was normal, compatible with a variable past history of back pain. Patients with a long history of back pain numbered 80%, and 90.4% were managed by nonoperative means. Although 78% of these still had some root pain between 1 and 4 years after first attendance, most of them were not troubled sufficiently to have sought alternative help. PMID- 6236568 TI - Recurrent desmoid tumour of the abdomen and thorax. A case report. AB - The life of a young woman was threatened by a large, recurrent, invasive desmoid tumour which penetrated the sternum. The combined thoracic and plastic surgical management is described. PMID- 6236569 TI - [Passive-active immunization against hepatitis B. HB vaccine and HBIG]. PMID- 6236570 TI - [Changes in B-lymphocytes in AIDS]. PMID- 6236571 TI - Primary aortoduodenal fistula: manifestation, diagnosis, and treatment. AB - Primary aortoduodenal fistulas are an especially lethal part of the spectrum of arterioenteric fistulas. The lethal nature is due to the subtleties in manifestation, leading to delays in diagnosis and institution of prompt operative repair. A review of the 118 primary aortoduodenal fistulas in the world's literature reveals that pain (32%), palpable abdominal mass (25%), and bleeding (64%) are inconsistently present as initial symptoms and that routine abdominal films, barium studies, and endoscopy have been ineffective as diagnostic aids. Attention is called to the importance of recognizing the "herald bleed." Operation is usually undertaken emergently and has been successful in only 21 cases in addition to the case reported here. Repair of the duodenal rent and replacement of the aorta with a Dacron prosthesis, rather than an extra-anatomic bypass, is advised. PMID- 6236572 TI - Congenital abdominal aortic aneurysms: report of a case and review of the literature. AB - Congenital abdominal aortic aneurysms are medical curiosities because of their rare occurrence even in groups with hereditary derangements of connective tissue metabolism (e.g., Marfan's syndrome and Ehlers- Danlos syndrome). We present the case of a 2 1/2-year-old boy with a congenital aneurysm of the aortoiliac bifurcation managed by excision and graft replacement. No associated disorder of connective tissue or other pathogenetic mechanism was discovered in this patient. The authors have summarized the existing literature regarding these rare but potentially lethal aneurysms. PMID- 6236573 TI - [Allergic heparin-induced infiltrates and skin necrosis caused by subcutaneous injections of heparin]. AB - Application of heparin in low doses to the treatment of 6 patients to prevent postoperative venous thromboembolic complications led to the development of an allergic heparin infiltrate (AHI). In three cases, the AHI eventuated in skin and subcutaneous fat necrosis, while in the remaining cases, underwent a reverse development. Apparently, the basis of the AHI is formed by the immediate type hypersensitivity developing in the area of repeated heparin injections. The AHI should be treated with glucocorticoids, antihistamine drugs, and antibiotics. PMID- 6236574 TI - [Plasmapheresis in the treatment of diseases caused by immunologic pathology]. AB - The authors discuss the results of the use of therapeutic plasmapheresis (290 sessions) in 56 patients with immunity-mediated diseases: hemorrhagic vasculitis, Goodpasture's syndrome, multiple sclerosis, Guillain-Barre's syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis, partial red cell aplasia, etc. Demonstrate the possibilities of the attainment of positive results provided plasmapheresis is included into the complex of therapeutic measures. Discuss the indications, criteria of the efficacy, and contraindications to plasmapheresis administration. Infer that the clinical data play the decisive role in the appraisal of the plasmapheresis efficacy. Recommend that intermittent plasmapheresis be widely used for the treatment of internal diseases. PMID- 6236575 TI - [Changes in fibronectin concentration during therapeutic plasmapheresis. Therapeutic effectiveness of selective removal of fibronectin in immune complex pathology]. AB - Variation in the concentration of plasma fibronectin (FN) seen during 65 sessions of therapeutic plasmapheresis was studied in 20 inpatients with the following diagnoses: acute leukemias (4), paraproteinemic hemoblastoses (5), Sjogren's syndrome (2), protracted septic endocarditis (1), systemic lupus erythematosus (17), acute polyradiculoneuritis (1), multiple sclerosis (3). The patients' age ranged within 19 to 64 years. There were 10 men and 10 women. The concentration of FN in 218 plasma samples was measured by the ELISA. It was discovered that plasma of healthy donors contained 200 to 400 micrograms/ml FN (M +/- 1.5 sigma). Prior to plasmapheresis the glycoprotein content in all the patients was on the average within normal (300 micrograms/ml). After the session the concentration of FN decreased almost two-fold (130 micrograms/ml); after 6 hours it was 175 micrograms/ml on the average, whereas after 24-48 hours it reached the initial level. Repeated plasmapheresis sessions carried out once every 3-4 days did not lead to the depletion of the FN pool, since its level reached the initial one over the first 24-48 hours. Such a mechanism was unchanged regardless of the initial level of FN recorded in the patients blood (high, normal or low). No relationship was found between FN deficiency which developed after plasmapheresis and infectious complications. It is assumed that FN deficiency per se cannot be responsible for the patients' decreased resistance to infection. Three patients received a series of selective plasmapheresis. Sjogren's syndrome and immune complex vasculitis was diagnosed in one female patient, hemorrhagic vasculitis due to chronic hepatitis in another female patient, the third female patient manifested gammapathy with cryoglobulinemia.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6236578 TI - Activation of platelets in the venous occlusion test. AB - Plasma samples were obtained from healthy subjects before and after the venous occlusion test. In the post-occlusion samples, there was a significantly increased concentration of beta-thromboglobulin and factor XII, as well as a shortening of the activated partial thromboplastin time, indicating that an activation of the coagulation system takes place during the period of venous occlusion. This finding may have implications for the laboratory evaluation of platelet function as well as in the pathophysiology of occlusive vascular disorders. PMID- 6236576 TI - Bronchial responsiveness to hyperventilation in children with asthma: inhibition by ipratropium bromide. AB - Isocapnic hyperventilation dose response curves were constructed for 11 asthmatic children before and after pretreatment with placebo or ipratropium bromide, 40 1500 micrograms given by inhalation, on three separate days. The response before and after placebo was highly reproducible (within subject coefficient of variation 7.5%, 18%, and 22% for intervals of two hours, within two weeks, and over two weeks). It was independent of baseline lung function. Complete protection against hyperventilation induced asthma was achieved by ipratropium bromide 40 micrograms in six children and by 200 micrograms or more in a further four. The remaining child was unaffected by any dose of ipratropium up to 1500 micrograms. The dose of ipratropium required for protection was better related to the subjects' requirement for regular medication than to their sensitivity to hyperventilation or baseline lung function. PMID- 6236577 TI - Generalised allergic reactions to aminophylline. AB - Details of three patients who developed allergic responses to aminophylline are presented, together with data on such reactions compiled from reports submitted to the Committee on Safety of Medicines. Two of the patients developed generalised rashes within one day of starting treatment with oral aminophylline. Other symptoms included malaise and confusion. A third patient had severe generalised symptoms and a high fever, which was reproduced on challenge testing. Forty five of 147 reactions to aminophylline reported to the Committee on Safety of Medicines referred to dermatological or allergic reactions and in two instances exfoliative dermatitis was described. In contrast, only seven of 61 reported reactions to theophylline described skin or allergic responses and in none of these was dermatitis or a specified rash mentioned. The available evidence suggests that ethylenediamine rather than the xanthine component of aminophylline may be the principal cause of the reactions. PMID- 6236579 TI - [Isotretinoin (Roaccutan). A new drug against severe acne]. PMID- 6236580 TI - [The lumbar facet joint syndrome. A prospective study]. PMID- 6236581 TI - [Plain X-ray examination of the lumbo-sacral spine in patients with low back pain and sciatica]. PMID- 6236582 TI - Detoxication of industrial pollutants by the glutathione glutathione-S transferase system in the liver of Anabas testudineus (Bloch). AB - The interrelationship of reduced glutathione (GSH) and glutathione-S-transferase in the liver of a freshwater climbing perch Anabas testudineus (Bloch) exposed to common industrial pollutants has been studied. In both short- and long-term treatments there was a concomitant decrease in reduced glutathione profile and an increase in glutathione-S-transferase activity. It may be surmised that the majority of xenobiotics of industrial origin are detoxicated by the glutathione glutathione-S-transferase pathways enabling the fish to survive exposure to the additive and/or synergistic toxicity of mixtures of poisons. PMID- 6236583 TI - [Incidence of inflammatory diseases of the face and neck (based on data from Smolensk Province)]. PMID- 6236584 TI - [Calcium and phosphorus content of the surface layer of the enamel and 45Ca incorporation under Folakor sealant]. PMID- 6236585 TI - [Experience teaching pedodontics in a school dental clinic office]. PMID- 6236587 TI - [Treatment of handicapped patients under general anesthesia]. PMID- 6236586 TI - [Experience teaching pedodontics in internships]. PMID- 6236588 TI - Disablement and quality of life after stroke. AB - This study concerns the quality of life of patients after stroke and how this is influenced by disablement and emotional factors. Ninety-six consecutive patients of mean age 71 years were followed for two years. At the end of that time 23% had experienced a recurrence of stroke and 27% were deceased. Of the survivors 76% were independent as regards activities of daily life (ADL) and lived in their own homes. Age as well as initial function were prognostically important factors. Patients who could participate in interviews marked on a visual analogue scale their evaluation of quality of life before and after stroke. Most of them had experienced a decrease and no improvement was observed during the two years. The deterioration was more pronounced in ADL dependent patients than among the independent. However, depression and anxiety were found to be of similar importance for quality of life as was physical disablement. These findings call for a greater emphasis on psychological support in the care of post stroke patients. The visual analogue scale can be a useful tool for detecting special needs. PMID- 6236589 TI - Suppression of lymphocyte reactivity by blood transfusions in uremic patients. III. Regulation of cell-mediated lympholysis. AB - It has previously been demonstrated that blood transfusions (BT) can induce the generation of suppressor cells in the mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR). We have further investigated whether regulation of the alloimmune response could also be observed at the cell-mediated lympholysis (CML) level. We have, therefore, prospectively analyzed the effect of the first 2 BT on cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) differentiation in previously nontransfused uremic patients. Different patterns of CML changes were noted. In 7 cases, marked CML reduction was observed after the first BT, and in 7 others CML remained unchanged or even increased after the first BT, but reduced CML occurred after the second. Increased CML was noted in the last 4 cases. When present, reduction in CML after BT could indeed occur upon in vitro restimulation by cells of the specific donor, but also by those of other individuals regardless whether they shared HLA antigens. Post-BT lymphocytes the CML of which was decreased could inhibit CML of autologous pre-BT cells when used as an irradiated third-party at the initiation of the sensitization step. No correlation, however, was generally observed between MLR and CML suppressions when both were tested in parallel assays. CML reduction could occur in the presence of unchanged or increased MLR, and no cytotoxicity to the stimulating cells could be observed in direct cytolysis assays, so this inhibition can be attributed to suppressor cells of CTL differentiation that are generated in vivo after BT in man. PMID- 6236590 TI - Increase in neonatal suppressor cell activity resulting from the graft-versus host reaction. AB - Suppressor cell activity in the spleen of 4-5-day-old mice is high and can be assayed in mixed lymphocyte cultures. The suppressor cells inhibit the proliferation of adult mouse spleen cells responding in vitro to an allogeneic stimulus. This suppressor cell activity can be increased by injecting the mice, on the day of birth, with 10(7) allogeneic spleen cells from adult mice. The suppressor cell activity in alloantigen stimulated neonatal mice is sensitive to treatment with anti-Thy-1.2 and complement. The increased neonatal suppressor cell activity after alloantigen stimulation has been demonstrated in a number of strain combinations. Preirradiation of the allogeneic adult donor spleen cells with 2,000 rads eliminates the ability of the spleen cells to increase neonatal suppressor cell activity. Nylon-wool-nonadherent (T-cell-enriched) spleen cells are most effective, and treatment of these cells with anti-Thy-1.2 and complement eliminates their activity. By using the appropriate strain combinations it was determined that the increase in neonatal suppressor cell activity is primarily due to a graft-versus-host reaction. PMID- 6236591 TI - Modulation of T cell differentiation, antigen expression, and radiosensitivity of suppressor cells during late phases of graft-versus-host reactivity. AB - Suppressor cells generated by inoculation of (B10 X B10.A)F1 hybrid mice with parental spleen cells were characterized during the late period of graft-versus host (GVH) reactivity, starting on day 14 after parental spleen cell injection and continuing until loss of suppressor activity. The suppressor cell potential was assessed by the ability of spleen cells from the injected F1 mice to suppress the generation of allogeneic cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses in vitro by normal F1 responder cells. GVH-associated suppression could be abrogated by anti Lyt 1, anti-Lyt 2, and anti-Thy 1 plus complement (C') before day 7 postinoculation, and by anti-Lyt 2 and anti-Thy 1 thereafter. However, from day 14 postinoculation on, suppressor cells were insensitive to either of these antibodies. This phase was associated with strong suppressor potential. Subsequent to this period suppressor cells were again sensitive to anti-Thy 1, but not to anti-Lyt 1 or anti-Lyt 2 plus C'--and at the same time they decreased in suppressor activity. Moreover, during the period of resistance to anti-T-cell antibodies plus C', suppressor cells were not killed by anti-asialo GM1 plus C'; were nonadherent to Sephadex G10, and were enriched by nylon-wool passage. In the course of GVH reactivity, suppressor cells alternated in sensitivity and resistance to 500 rads and once went through a brief period of resistance to 2000 rads that was associated with strong suppression and occasionally with mortality. The kinetics of these changes in cell surface phenotype and radiosensitivity were found to vary, coinciding with the strength of the suppression, but the sequence of these events was always the same. During the entire period of GVH reactivity, suppression was mediated by parental cells. PMID- 6236592 TI - The immunosuppressive mode of action of mizoribine. AB - Mizoribine (MIZ) suppressed the mitogen response and mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) significantly at doses of 100 micrograms/ml and 10 micrograms/ml in a dose response analysis. The 50% inhibition dose (ID50) was between 10 micrograms/ml and 1.0 microgram/ml, both in the mitogen response and MLR. In a kinetic study of the MLR, the degree of suppression with MIZ at a given dosage was essentially the same as the degree of suppression observed in the dose-response analysis when MIZ was added to MLR cultures from day 0 to day 4. In addition, MLR was more susceptible to the suppressive activity of MIZ at 100 micrograms/ml when MIZ was added near the peak of lymphocyte proliferation. This experiment also showed that MLR suppression induced by MIZ at 10 micrograms/ml was reversible and MLR activity had completely recovered 6-8 hr after its removal. MIZ had no inhibitory action on MLR-derived cytotoxic cells or the effector phase of cell mediated lymphocytotoxicity. These results clearly demonstrate that MIZ suppresses lymphoproliferation, but has no effect on the recognition phase or effector phase of cytotoxic lymphocytes. PMID- 6236593 TI - [Distribution of the frequency of sister chromatid exchange among Leningrad inhabitants]. AB - Peculiarities of frequency variations in sister chromatid exchanges (SCE) were studied in a group of healthy Leningrad citizens who are not engaged in health risk industries. No relations were found between the SCE frequency and sex, age and smoking habit (10 cigarettes per day as much). The statistical processing of the data obtained was made taking into account the errors in individual measurements of the SCE frequency. Repeated measurements revealed systematic and statistically significant variations in the rate of SCE. PMID- 6236594 TI - [Experimental urolithiasis]. PMID- 6236595 TI - [Tryptophan metabolic disorder--1 of the criteria for forming groups at high risk for spontaneous bladder cancer]. PMID- 6236596 TI - [Tuberculosis of the urogenital tract--guidelines for evaluation within the social compensation law and laws for the disabled]. AB - For the urologist who works as a consultant in the German "Social Compensation Law" tuberculosis of the urogenital tract is of current interest. The assessment of a causal connection represents no difficulty, when the existence of a pleuritis exsudativa is proven or when tuberculosis is accepted as being military service connected. For the assumption of a causal connection in the so called compensation law the probability is sufficient and it should be considered, that long term latencies are typical. The consultant must realize that today tuberculosis is a curable infection because of the effective chemotherapy. One must be aware of this by the determination of the MdE. In the future a term of recovery will not be justified as a whole. The final decision will be made only according to the extent of the remaining functional disturbances. On the basis of 358 examinations of the Compensation board in Giessen an outline of present evaluation of tuberculosis of the urogenital tract is presented. PMID- 6236597 TI - Gordon Wilson lecture. The prevention of immune rejection of islet transplants without the use of immunosuppressive drugs. AB - The findings in this series of investigations indicate that the passenger leukocyte concept applies to islet transplants. Six methods have been developed which prevent rejection of islet allografts in rats and mice without requiring the continuous use of immunosuppressive drugs in the recipient. Initial studies indicate that the passenger leukocyte concept also applies to the prevention of rejection of islet allografts in the dog. Thus the problems remaining with respect to human application are two. One is to determine which of the six methods will completely prevent rejection of islet allografts in dogs and could serve as a model for human application. The second is to modify and adapt the Velcro technique and the automated procedure for mass isolation of islets to the human pancreas. When we have been successful in modifying these isolation procedures so that we can obtain at least 100-150,000 islets, then human islets will be transplanted into the omentum of diabetic subjects who have received a kidney transplant and are already being treated with immunosuppressive agents. The purpose of these initial studies in humans will be to determine whether a sufficient mass of endocrine islet tissue has been transplanted to maintain normoglycemia and normal carbohydrate metabolism in these individuals. We hope that by the time these studies are completed we will have finished the studies in dogs on the selection of the optimal method for preventing rejection and will then be able to initiate human islet transplants without the use of immunosuppressive drugs. Dr. Davie and I also believe that these methods may be applicable to the prevention of rejection of other tissues and organs. It should be quite easy to apply these procedures to transplants of the parathyroid. Dr. Lafferty already has evidence that parathyroid tissue is present in established allografts of thyroid in mice following in vitro culture of the thyroid in 95% O2. It is possible that the procedures will also apply to other endocrine tissue such as the adrenal, the ovary and neuroendocrine tissue. In addition, some of the procedures that have been developed recently could be used for perfusion of organs such as the heart, kidney and liver before transplantation to determine whether alteration or removal of passenger leukocytes in these large organs would affect the survival of the allografts. It is apparent that these past few years have been extremely exciting and we only hope that the next few years will be even more exciting. PMID- 6236598 TI - [Incidence of the pseudoexfoliative syndrome during dispensary examination of the population]. PMID- 6236599 TI - [Laparoscopy in penetrating thoraco-abdominal wounds]. AB - Experience with urgent laparoscopies in 20 patients with thoracoabdominal wounds enabled the authors to make a conclusion that laparoscopy was a valuable method which gives less amount of diagnostic and tactical errors. PMID- 6236600 TI - [Method of catheterizing the inferior epigastric artery]. PMID- 6236601 TI - [Homeostatic changes in the destructive form of acute appendicitis complicated by diffuse peritonitis in a hot dry climate]. PMID- 6236603 TI - [Use of sombrevin and ketalar in the surgical treatment of onychomycosis]. PMID- 6236604 TI - [Characteristics of the medical evacuation of the wounded and sick in the Byelorussian operation]. PMID- 6236602 TI - Renal immunopathology in renal cell carcinoma. AB - Signs of glomerulopathy, especially a nephrotic syndrome can occur in cancer patients, but the exact frequency of glomerular lesions is not well known in these patients. To define this frequency in a given type of malignancy we have studied the nephrectomy kidneys in 40 patients with renal cell carcinoma. Proteinuria, which was present in 7 cases, ranged from 0.15 to 1.5 g per 24 h. Reduction of the creatinine clearance greater than 50% was observed in 5 patients. Circulating immune complexes were detected in 11 of the 15 patients studied. Carcinoembryonic antigens were noted in 2 of 9 patients investigated. Research of alpha 1 foetoprotein carried out in 12 patients was always negative. HBs antigen or Hbs antibodies were detected in 6 of 29 patients studied. Light microscopic examination of the normal uninvolved kidney tissue showed obvious glomerular lesions (mesangial hypertrophy with or without deposits, with or without cell proliferation) in 7 patients (17.5%). Amyloid deposits were never observed. Immunofluorescence study revealed mesangial deposits in 35% of patients versus 5.4% of control subjects (P less than 0.0001). These deposits included C3 and/or IgM in 13 cases, IgA and C3 in one case. No fixation was observed, neither on tubules of normal tissue nor on carcinoma lesions. This report demonstrates that glomerular deposits are usually found in approximately one third of patients with renal cell carcinoma and that these deposits are located in the mesangial areas and not in the subepithelial space as it is often observed when glomerulonephritis is expressed by clinical symptoms. PMID- 6236605 TI - [Medical support of the Byelorussian operation]. PMID- 6236606 TI - [Current problems in physical therapy of patients with cerebrovascular disorders]. PMID- 6236607 TI - [Perspectives of the detection and adoption of therapeutic volcanic muds from the Azerbaijan S.S.R]. PMID- 6236608 TI - [Organization of health resort treatment of children with respiratory hypersensitivity]. PMID- 6236610 TI - [Polyacrylamide gel disc-electrophoresis of serum proteins in patients with Turner's, Klinefelter's and Down's syndromes]. AB - High efficiency of polyacrylamide gel disk electrophoresis was used for detailed studies of dislipoproteinemia observed in Shereshevskii-Turner, Klinefelter and Down syndromes. Occurrence of protein fractions typical for each of the syndromes was due to frequency of phenotypes in the protein systems Hp and Yc of the syndromes studied. PMID- 6236609 TI - [Changes in the activity of cytoplasmic enzymes and myoglobin in muscle cells of postinfarction aneurysm of the human myocardium]. AB - Enzymatic sprectra were studied in myocytes of human heart aneurysm as compared with the muscle cells of intact myocardium. Activities of G-6-PDH and AK as well as content of myoglobin were increased. Activity of the other enzymes studied (CPK, AsAT, IDH, MDH, LDH, PPK) was unaltered. Alterations, specific only for the muscle cells, were detected using a new calculation technique--comparison of relative (based on creatine) concentrations of myoglobin and the enzymatic activities in aneurysm and intact myocardium. PMID- 6236611 TI - [Morphological changes in the lungs in experimental pneumonia after preliminary administration of chemical poisons]. PMID- 6236612 TI - [Potential hazard of the effect of halogen derivatives of inorganic mercury on the body]. PMID- 6236613 TI - [Ischemic heart disease and arterial hypertension among the male population aged 60-69]. PMID- 6236614 TI - [Effect of hemosorption on various indicators of immunity in patients with allergic and autoimmune diseases]. PMID- 6236615 TI - [Differential diagnosis of mechanical jaundice]. PMID- 6236616 TI - [Radionuclide studies in chronically hemodialyzed patients. Bone scintigraphy for the evaluation and control of renal osteopathy]. AB - The clinical applicability of bone scintigraphy (Tc99m MDP) was evaluated in 42 patients on maintenance hemodialysis. Typical scintigraphic findings are shown which were related to hormonal and biochemical parameters of calcium and phosphate metabolism. Visual grading of representative regions for metabolic bone disease in bone scans was compared to scintimetry which applies a bone to soft tissue ratio to grade osseous abnormalities. It could be shown that visual interpretation and grading of the findings according to a score is sufficient to assess the degree and extent of renal bone disease. Semiquantitative analysis of bone scintigrams by scintimetry did not improve the diagnostic information. PMID- 6236617 TI - [Hemorrhagic diatheses and anticoagulant treatment coordination in dental care]. PMID- 6236618 TI - Incidence of genital mycoplasmas in women at the time of diagnostic laparoscopy. AB - The cervicovaginal and endometrial isolation rates of Ureaplasma urealyticum and Mycoplasma hominis and relevant demographic data were obtained at the time of laparoscopy in 193 women from infertile marriage. For comparative purposes, fertile women undergoing laparoscopy for tubal ligation (n = 56) or other purposes (n = 64) were also cultured. Blacks were more likely than caucasians to be infected with either organism in all population types (p less than or equal to .05); however, no differences were noted in cervicovaginal carriage rates for blacks in different patient populations. M. hominis was isolated more frequently from tubal reanastomosis patients and less often from infertile patients, p less than or equal to .001. No differences were noted among the infertile subpopulations. Although the isolation rate of U. urealyticum from the different patient populations was similar, one subpopulation within the infertile population (male factor) was identified in which the prevalence of ureaplasmal infection of the female's lower genital tract was over twice as high (p less than or equal to .005) as in other infertile women. Yet there were no statistically significant differences in the demographic data of this subpopulation as compared to the population of infertile women as a whole. No other clinical subpopulation with single or multiple diagnoses not including male factor had an increased prevalence of infection. Eighty percent of infected, infertile couples had no clinical evidence of male factor infertility, indicating that only certain individuals are affected. This possibly explains why previous studies involving small numbers of patients without regard to clinical subpopulations have failed to show significant differences between infected and uninfected couples.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6236620 TI - [Nutritional characteristics of persons in middle and old age in an area with a high life expectancy (the Abkhazian ASSR)]. AB - Using questionnaires an investigation was made into the diet habits of 68 people aged 60-74 years, 64 people aged 75-89 years and 46 people of expectionally old age (90 years and older). This group of people lives in an agricultural region of the Abkhazian ASSR, a region with one of the highest life expectancy rates in the Soviet Union. It was found that the diet is characterized by a high lactovegetarian content, a well-balanced proportion of the most important nutrients, more or less perfect concurrence with the recommended diet for this age group and some particularities of the diet (amino acid composition, antioxidation protection) which possibly raise life expectancy, at least on experimental grounds. Alimentary risk factors could not be established. PMID- 6236621 TI - [The family physician and the care of chronic patients]. PMID- 6236619 TI - Interaction of mycoplasmas and phagocytes. AB - Aspects of the interaction of certain mycoplasmas with macrophages and neutrophils in vivo and in vitro have been studied using two systems, one involving M. pulmonis in mice and the other involving M. bovis with bovine leucocytes. Studies with M. pulmonis indicated that the disappearance of viable organisms from the peritoneal cavity was not enhanced in SPF mice in which a peritoneal exudate rich in neutrophils had been induced. However, viable M. pulmonis organisms disappeared more rapidly from the peritoneal cavities with exudates containing increased numbers of macrophages. Experiments in vitro studied the opsonic effect of bovine IgG isotypes for bovine neutrophils and alveolar macrophages. Both IgG1 and IgG2 promoted killing of M. bovis by alveolar macrophages but IgG2 was more effective than IgG1 at promoting mycoplasma killing by neutrophils. Further studies in vitro indicated that certain bovine mycoplasma could inhibit killing of Escherichia coli by bovine neutrophils. PMID- 6236622 TI - [Aspects of the social care of chronic patients]. PMID- 6236623 TI - [Habituation of electrodermal orienting reaction in the diagnosis and early detection of Huntington chorea]. PMID- 6236625 TI - [Psychiatric disease and social isolation in elderly nursing home residents: a comparative study]. AB - As part of a population-based morbidity survey, a sample of over-65-year-old residents of geriatric nursing homes and old people's homes (N = 153) in the city of Mannheim, F.R.G. (Popn. 308,000) was investigated with regard to mental and physical impairment, as well as to the frequency and quality of their family and social contacts. Corresponding data from the investigation of a community sample (N = 350) served as a basis for a direct comparison of old people in residential care and those living in the community. The findings point to a large relative excess both of mental impairments--especially organic brain syndromes--and of physical disabilities among the nursing-home residents. Those in old people's homes, in marked contrast, do not differ in these respects from persons of the same age living in the community. The home residents have on average far fewer social contacts, and derive less help and support from their social relationships, than do their contemporaries who live in private households. From this point of view, there appears to be little difference between those in nursing homes and those in old people's homes. The observed disparities between the home and community samples remained significant following statistical correction of the data for differences in the sample distributions by age and by marital status. The implications of these findings for further research and for geriatric service-planning are discussed. PMID- 6236624 TI - [Behavior of atheromatous vessel segments during pressure application of 5 kg/cm2 for various periods of time]. AB - In this study changes in weight and thickness of atheromatous vessel wall segments in relation to a varying duration (2-60 sec.) of a constant pressure application (5 kg/cm2) were investigated. Vessel wall segments were taken shortly postmortem from human femoral and external iliacal arteries. According to the type of atherosclerotic changes the samples were divided into 2 types (lipoidosis/sclerosis) before the experiments. As standard served non atheromatous segments. During pressure application all specimens showed rapid decrease in weight and thickness within the first 40 seconds. After 50 seconds no further change could be seen. Atheromata predominantly containing lipids and few collagen fibres showed higher decrease in weight and thickness than those predominantly containing collagen and the control group. A positive correlation was shown between decrease in weight and thickness of the specimens. Is is concluded that squeezing out tissue fluid by pressure application may lead to a decrease in thickness of the atheromata; the enlargement of the luminal diameter achieved by balloon catheters may be attributed to this mechanism. PMID- 6236627 TI - [Data on a population genetic study of hereditary systemic diseases of the skeleton]. PMID- 6236626 TI - [Spinal scintigraphy following Harrington's spondylodesis]. AB - About one year after Harrington-Spondylodesis in 29 patients scintigraphy was performed in order to find non-unions. Scintigraphy is more successful in this question and can be recommended in routine-diagnostics. PMID- 6236628 TI - [Incidence of erythrocytic enzymopathies (pyruvate kinase, glucosephosphate isomerase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase) in the population of Azerbaijan]. PMID- 6236629 TI - [Genogeographic study of beta-thalassemia in the light of the malaria hypothesis]. PMID- 6236630 TI - [Characteristics of the incidence of congenital developmental defects in Byelorussia]. PMID- 6236631 TI - [Regional characteristics of the incidence of hereditary pathology in Turkmenia]. PMID- 6236632 TI - [Regional characteristics of the incidence of hereditary pathology in Tadzhikistan]. PMID- 6236633 TI - [Regional characteristics of the incidence of hereditary pathology in Uzbekistan]. PMID- 6236634 TI - [Congenital and hereditary nephropathies in children based on epidemiological research data]. PMID- 6236635 TI - [Structure of the incidence of dermatoses among the children of Leningrad]. PMID- 6236636 TI - [Acne fulminans]. PMID- 6236637 TI - [Toxiderma due to the fruits of the hawthorn]. PMID- 6236638 TI - [Mechanism of aldosterone reception in mammalian kidneys]. PMID- 6236639 TI - [Patient assistance and preventive medicine in the shadow of the Public Health Service]. AB - The Swiss Health Leagues are difficult to characterize as a group because field of activity, services, number and kind of members, organizational structure, role in the public health care system and finances differ considerably among them. With the help of private donation, subsidies of the State and a considerable amount of non-remunerated work, they provide special services, adapted to specific needs, a complement of the Swiss health care system often forgotten in the continuing discussions about the cost and structure of health services. PMID- 6236640 TI - Enumeration of T cell subsets and functional suppressor cell assays in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and HLA-B27-associated arthritis. AB - Seronegative rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients have increased proportions of OKT 4+ (helper) T cells and diminished proportions of OKT-8+ (suppressor/cytotoxic) T cells in the peripheral blood. This phenomenon corresponds to diminished inhibition of B cell activation by peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL). Seropositive RA patients show a broad range of OKT-8+ T cell proportions (9%-45%) in the peripheral blood, resulting in a mean level comparable to that in controls. Inhibition of T cell activation by suppressor cells in peripheral blood is greater in this group than in controls. HLA-B27-positive arthritis patients show no significant differences from controls with respect to markers and functional suppressor cell assays. In the synovial fluid of all patients both OKT 8+ T cell proportions and functional suppressor cell activity are greatly increased. PMID- 6236641 TI - [Possibilities for the objective assessment of the glossalgia and stomatodynia syndrome. I. Quantitative saliva measurements]. PMID- 6236642 TI - [Quantitative changes in the elastic fibers of the human oral mucosa of the hard palate and cheek at various ages]. PMID- 6236643 TI - [New adhesive agent for joining dental ceramic stock and dental plastics]. PMID- 6236644 TI - [Fundamental principles of bioreactive implant materials]. PMID- 6236645 TI - [5 years' clinical follow-up of 2 composites in dental enamel defects]. PMID- 6236646 TI - [Clinical follow-up studies of composite (Evicrol) fillings]. PMID- 6236647 TI - [Antimicrobial properties of dental restoration materials]. PMID- 6236648 TI - [Microanalytical determination of the Ca/P ratio in the de- and remineralization of human dental enamel]. PMID- 6236649 TI - [Reaction of the masticatory musculature to unilateral occlusal disorders--an experimental study in miniature swine. 2. Biochemical masticatory muscle analyses, masticatory force measurements and muscle mass determinations]. PMID- 6236650 TI - [Possibilities of the objective assessment of the glossalgia and stomatodynia syndrome. 2. Studies of the sensitivity threshold]. PMID- 6236651 TI - [Interface zone between the chromium-nickel alloy Gisadent NCA and fired ceramic materials]. PMID- 6236652 TI - [Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs (CPITN)--a new methodology for assessing periodontal treatment needs]. PMID- 6236654 TI - [Clasp bridges]. PMID- 6236655 TI - [The problem: invisible danger: caution, dental technicians' lungs]. PMID- 6236653 TI - [Behavior of salivary electrolytes in decompensated cardiology patients]. PMID- 6236656 TI - [Names of metals--origin and meaning]. PMID- 6236657 TI - [An alternative to the use of asbestos in the dental laboratory]. PMID- 6236658 TI - [Algesic trigger zones of the gastrocnemius muscle in lumbar osteochondrosis (clinico-pathomorphological and electromyographic analysis)]. AB - Using clinical, morphological and electrophysiological methods, the authors studied the myalgic trigger zones of musculus gastrocnemius in 12 patients with lumbar osteochondrosis. The mechanisms of forming these zones are discussed with due regard for the contemporary notions on neurotrophy. PMID- 6236660 TI - [Measurements and models of human movement]. PMID- 6236659 TI - [Suppressor T-lymphocytes in continuously progressive juvenile schizophrenia]. AB - The study of T lymphocyte suppressors in juvenile continuously progressive schizophrenia showed that the number of suppressor cells in patients was significantly decreased as compared to a group of mentally normal donors; 20.4% and 28.9% respectively. The parallel study of the number of suppressor cells in the peripheral blood and the proliferative activity of T lymphocytes upon their stimulation with mitogenic lectins of PHA and Con A demonstrated that in the mentally normal donors, these parameters were inversely correlated, whereas in the patients with juvenile continuously progressive schizophrenia, there was no such correlation between the above indices. The data obtained are indicative of the impaired regulatory activity of T lymphocyte suppressors in this group of schizophrenic patients. PMID- 6236661 TI - [Comparison of the variations of the monosynaptic reflex at the beginning of an electromyographic activity performed voluntarily or during walking]. PMID- 6236662 TI - The efficacy of depo-medrone in sports injuries. PMID- 6236663 TI - [Laser beams and their application in physical medicine]. PMID- 6236664 TI - [Evaluation of muscular hypertension]. PMID- 6236665 TI - [Muscle spindles and sensory nerve endings in the urethral sphincter]. AB - Neurohistological investigations of the external urethral sphincter in a 2-day old female baby proved the up till now not verified existence of muscle spindles. These are rare in number, in the majority containing only one intrafusal fiber. Beside of the spindles encapsulated nerve endings, situated in the interstitial tissue and marginal parts of the muscle fascicles, were detected. PMID- 6236666 TI - Ultrastructure of the Arthus Phenomenon in muscle. AB - Specific blood-tissue barrier alterations were observed in a 2-year-old boy with a myopathic lesion in his muscle. Close by, degenerative changes were present in muscle fibers, three types of vascular abnormalities, i.e. increased vascular permeability, neutrophil aggregation, and damage of endothelium with thrombi formation, suggest that a process of vasculitis took place in the muscle of this patient. On the basis of current information it is not entirely clear whether this Arthus-like reaction observed in the primarily affected muscle represents a widespread vascular bed defect or whether it is the consequence of an additional secondary symptom possibly dependent upon muscle necrosis. PMID- 6236668 TI - Preoperative 99mTc-MDP scintimetry of femoral neck fractures. AB - Preoperative 99mTc-MDP-scintimetry was performed in 117 patients with femoral neck fractures. Scintimetry was shown to be superior to visual evaluation. The ratio was calculated of the uptake in the femoral head of the fractured side over that in the unfractured side, with compensation for the increased trochanteric femoral activity found on the fractured side. A ratio above 0.90 correlated well with uneventful healing in both undisplaced and displaced fractures. Preoperative scintimetry is of great value in the choice of primary treatment of femoral neck fractures. PMID- 6236667 TI - Congenital Leigh's disease: panencephalomyelopathy and peripheral neuropathy. AB - A dystrophic newborn girl (38th week of gestation) presented as a floppy infant with relapsing episodes of lactic acidosis and progressive cerebral deterioration. She died after serious apnoea at the age of 8 weeks. Neuropathological examination demonstrated widespread changes of Leigh's subacute polioencephalomyelopathy affecting the cerebral cortex, basal ganglia, mesencephalon and spinal cord. In addition, there was severe leukoencephalopathy of the cerebral hemispheres with sudanophilic tissue degregation, advanced axonal loss and reactive astrocytic gliosis. There was marked demyelination of the sciatic nerves. Electron-microscopical examination of the hypertrophic heart revealed pathological mitochondria with tubular inclusions suggestive of primary mitochondrial cardiomyopathy. Similar mitochondrial changes were not detected in the CNS and PNS. The complex of neuropathological alterations in this case is nevertheless consistent with a congenital variant of Leigh's disease. PMID- 6236669 TI - Multiple modulators of the glucose-induced net calcium uptake by isolated islets. AB - Glucose-induced insulin secretion and net calcium uptake were simultaneously studied in isolated islets obtained from normal, adrenalectomized, ovariectomized and radiothyroidectomized rats, as well as from the corresponding hormone deprived rats following the administration of specific substitutive therapy. Both parameters were also studied in islets from normal rats incubated in the presence of Trifluoperazine (TFP). In all these unrelated experimental conditions simultaneous changes were obtained, observed in the release of insulin and the net calcium uptake elicited by glucose. Otherwise, the modifications of these two parameters obtained in the hormone deprived states were brought back to normal when the animals received the specific substitutive hormonal treatment. On the other hand, TFP also induces simultaneous diminution in both glucose-induced insulin release and net calcium uptake by isolated islets. On account of our results, we could suggest that the mechanism involved in the control of the glucose-induced net calcium uptake is actively modulated by adrenal and ovarian steroids and thyroid hormones as well as by calmodulin. Therefore, changes induced either in the level or activity of these modulators will modify the rate of influx and efflux of Ca2+ across the plasma membrane, with the consequent alteration in the mechanism of stimulus: secretion coupling of insulin. PMID- 6236670 TI - Effects of different diets on voluntary consumption of ethanol in UChA and UChB rats. AB - Based on the decrease of voluntary consumption of ethanol observed in rats of UChA (low ethanol consumer) and UChB (high ethanol consumer) strains, coincident to the use of a new issue of a commercial diet, the effects of two new diets devoid of animal food were studied. One of these diets (Diet 3) induced an increase of the voluntary consumption of ethanol in a proportion of UChA rats, in such a way that its frequency distribution curve resulted in a bimodal one because of the presence of individuals which drank as much alcohol as UChB rats. This diet is a useful tool for the study of eventual nutrimental factors which decrease ethanol intake. PMID- 6236671 TI - Electrolyte sensitivity of the skin in the toad, Bufo arenarum Hensel. AB - Experiments on the responsiveness of the skin to solutions of different electrolytes and sucrose have been done in the toad in vivo and in vitro. Brain pithed animals showed a strong flexor "on" response of the hindlimb when the foot was plunged into a saline solution. The delay of this response was strictly proportional to the concentration of the bath from 0.5 to 1 M. The flexor response was invariably elicited by solutions of different salts: NaCl, KCl, Na2SO4, CaCl, MgSO4 and choline chloride, but not by a solution of sucrose with the same osmolarity. On the other hand, a contrast "off" response with strong flexion was also systematically observed when a limb adapted to electrolyte solution was displaced to distilled water. Patches of skin were also exposed to increasing concentrations of NaCl in vitro and the discharges of its afferent nerve were recorded. A clear cut correlation between the osmolarity of the bath and the rate of discharges was observed. The contrast "off" response to distilled water after exposure to NaCl was also observed in the patches of skin, as an increase in nervous discharges. The spontaneous basal firing observed in water, as well as the induced responses by electrolytes, were reversibly blocked by decreasing the temperature of the bath to 0 C. These results indicate that detectors of salinity are present in the skin of the toad. These detectors appear to be sensitive to the ionization but not to the osmolarity of the bath. PMID- 6236672 TI - Clinical comparison of bone scintigraphy with 99Tcm-DPD, 99Tcm-HDP and 99Tcm-MDP. AB - The bone-imaging agents MDP, DPD and HDP were compared radiochemically (only minor differences were found) in 12 patients with prostatic and 12 patients with breast carcinoma. Each patient received both MDP and either DPD or HDP. The scintigraphic examinations were compared visually and quantitatively. The uptake ratio normal bone/soft tissue was higher for DPD and HDP than for MDP. The ratio pathologic bone/normal bone was highest for MDP, particularly for prostatic carcinoma. The differences in this ratio for breast carcinoma were in general non significant. The observed differences were minor and of little practical importance. PMID- 6236673 TI - Echocardiographic assessment of mild hypertension. PMID- 6236674 TI - Laser-Doppler flowmetry--a non-invasive and continuous method for blood flow evaluation in microvascular studies. AB - Skin viability has during the last decades been studied by a number of different techniques. Some of these are briefly presented in this paper. One method, based on the laser-Doppler principle, makes possible continuous and noninvasive measurement of blood flow in the outermost layer (1 mm) of the skin. The basic physical principles and the properties of this flowmeter are presented. Some clinical and research applications of laser-Doppler flowmetry in a number of medical disciplines are discussed. PMID- 6236675 TI - Biochemical pharmacology of the lipophilic antifolate, trimetrexate. AB - Trimetrexate is a novel lipophilic folate antagonist that causes growth inhibition, inhibition of nucleic acid biosynthesis, and cytotoxicity at nanomolar concentrations in tissue cultures. The potency of trimetrexate cytotoxicity against most cell lines is greater than that of methotrexate. Trimetrexate has antitumor activity in vivo in several murine leukemia and solid tumor systems, including tumors in which methotrexate is inactive. Antitumor activity was seen following oral, intravenous, or intraperitoneal administration. Trimetrexate causes a pronounced and early depression in incorporation of deoxyuridine into DNA. In tumor cell lines resistant to methotrexate because of a drug transport defect, trimetrexate retains activity. In many such cases the methotrexate-resistant tumors show collateral sensitivity to trimetrexate. In methotrexate-resistant cells with impaired drug transport, trimetrexate sensitivity was even more pronounced when cells were grown in folate-free medium supplemented with physiological levels of tetrahydrofolate cofactor. In the human tumor stem cell colony assay, trimetrexate, at concentrations achievable in vivo, gave activity against many human tumors, including samples that were unresponsive to methotrexate. Trimetrexate crosses the blood-brain barrier, and at very high doses may cause neurotoxicity. At conventional doses the primary toxic effects in mice are gastrointestinal. This toxicity is reversible at therapeutic doses. Unlike earlier lipophilic antifolates, trimetrexate has rapid plasma clearance (t1/2 in mice of 45 minutes). Trimetrexate is a tight-binding competitive inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase. The Ki,slope for inhibition of the human enzyme was 4 X 10(-11) M. A dose-dependent decrease in cellular purine ribonucleotide pools is given by trimetrexate. Pyrimidine ribonucleotide pools tend to increase in treated cells. Trimetrexate caused a marked depression of cellular pools of dTTP and dGTP, and a lesser depression in dATP. Cytotoxicity of trimetrexate in vitro was prevented by leucovorin. Leucovorin also protected mice from trimetrexate toxicity. Thymidine protected cells from lethal effects of low concentrations of trimetrexate, but not from high concentrations. The combination of thymidine and hypoxanthine completely protected cells from low and high concentrations of trimetrexate. A new, stable and highly water-soluble formulation of trimetrexate has been developed. Because of the interesting biochemical and pharmacological properties of trimetrexate, and its experimental antitumor activity, clinical trials are planned. PMID- 6236677 TI - Factors influencing the endocytosis of immune complexes. AB - The MPS plays an important role in the removal of both particulate and soluble immunogenic material from the circulation. E.IgG adhere to mononuclear phagocytes if the Fc portion of the IgG can interact with the phagocyte's Fc receptors (Fc gamma R). Simultaneous sensitization with IgG and C3b via complement activation enhances the effectiveness of binding and ingestion. E.IgM adhere mainly via C3b to C3b receptors (C3bR) of macrophages. Unstimulated macrophages do not ingest E.C3b. Stimulated macrophages, on the other hand, can ingest E.C3b. If soluble material cannot adhere to the surface of macrophages, it will be endocytosed in vitro via fluid-phase pinocytosis at the concentration that is present in the medium. If the material adheres to the cell's surface via its chemical properties or via specific receptors, it will be selectively concentrated at the cell's surface and endocytosed by adsorptive pinocytosis. Ingestion of IC via Fc gamma R and C3b depends on the ability of the antibodies to interact with Fc gamma R and their capacity to activate the complement system. IC-bound C3b enhances the adsorptive pinocytosis of IC. Soluble AIgG are also pinocytosed more effectively when C3b is bound to AIgG. The degree of endocytosis varies with the level of C3b sensitization. The highly effective C3b-mediated pinocytosis can be abolished by treating with trypsin to inactivate C3bR. This observation illustrates that C3b mediated pinocytosis can replace Fc-mediated pinocytosis in unstimulated macrophages. When macrophages are stimulated in vivo, Fc-mediated pinocytosis increases significantly. Under these conditions, the binding of C3b no longer stimulates; instead, it sterically interferes with Fc-Fc gamma R interaction. In vivo, E.IgG are removed mainly by splenic macrophages. C4-deficient guinea pigs clear E.IgG less effectively than guinea pigs with an intact complement system. On the other hand, soluble IC and AIgG are removed from the circulation mainly by hepatic Kupffer cells. Complement depletion does not seem to influence the clearance rates of these soluble IC or AIgG. The different results obtained in vitro and in vivo and the finding that different effector organs are responsible for the removal of sensitized erythrocytes and soluble Ic in vivo, suggest that more reliable techniques have to be developed to measure IC clearance in patients with a supposedly deficient or saturated MPS. PMID- 6236676 TI - Antigens of the human glomerulus. PMID- 6236678 TI - Effect of intracerebroventricular impromidine on pituitary-adrenocortical response to stress in rats. AB - In the rats subjected to a mild stress of immobilization impromidine, and H2 receptor agonist, given 60 min prior to the stress, intensified the stress induced increase in hypophyseal-adrenocortical response, evaluated indirectly through the corticosterone concentration in the blood serum. Impromidine was far more potent but only about half as efficient as histamine, 4-methyl histamine (4 MH) and dimaprit. The effect of impromidine was abolished by pretreatment of the rats with cimetidine. The alpha-adrenergic blockers phenoxybenzamine, phentolamine and yohimbine, almost totally antagonized the corticosterone response to impromidine in stressed rats. Propranolol, a beta-adrenergic blocker, abolished the corticosterone response to impromidine but did not antagonize the response to 4-MH and dimaprit. The effect of impromidine was not modified by i.c.v. pretreatment of the rats with atropine. The results obtained show that impromidine is far more potent but less efficient than histamine and the previously known selective H2-receptor agonists in inducing the pituitary adrenocortical response in stressed rats. These results also suggest that impromidine may release norepinephrine but not interact with cholinergic receptors while stimulating the corticosterone response in stressed rats. PMID- 6236681 TI - [A patient with an implanted artificial heart valve and dental treatment]. PMID- 6236679 TI - Evaluation of the CNS properties of SCH 29851, a potential non-sedating antihistamine. AB - SCH 29851 [8-chloro[6,11-dihydro-11-(1-carboethoxy-4-piperidylidene)- 5-H-benzo [5,6]cyclohepta[1,2-b]-pyridine] was discovered as part of a search for a new antihistamine without effects on the central nervous system (CHS). Antihistaminic potency and duration of action of SCH 29851 and other antihistamines were assessed by inhibition of histamine-induced lethality in guinea pigs and histamine-induced paw edema in mice. Evaluation of possible CNS effects included gross observation of mice, rats, dogs and monkeys, prevention of electroshock induced convulsions, acetic acid-induced writhing and physostigmine-induced lethality in mice and biochemical measures related to sedative liability such as displacement of in vivo 3H-mepyramine binding in mouse brain and in vitro 3H-WB 4101 binding in guinea pig cortex. Comparisons were made to several antihistamines considered to be sedative to varying degrees, including diphenhydramine, promethazine, chlorpheniramine and azatadine and to the newer antihistamines terfenadine and astemizole which are reported to be non-sedating in man at doses that antagonize the effects of histamine peripherally. SCH 29851 had antihistamine activity in the tests used with a potency at least comparable to most standards and was devoid of activity in all the functional and biochemical models used as indices of CNS activity. It is expected that SCH 29851 should be an effective, long acting, antihistamine in man without sedative effects at therapeutic doses. PMID- 6236680 TI - Benoxaprofen activation of suppressor activity in mononuclear leucocytes by a pro oxidative mechanism in vitro. AB - The effects of benoxaprofen on spontaneous and concanavalin A-induced suppressor activity in human mononuclear leucocytes (MNL) were assessed in vitro. The drug was used at a fixed concentration of 10(-4) M (30 micrograms/ml) in these studies. Benoxaprofen-treated MNL suppressed the responsiveness of untreated autologous MNL to the mitogen phytohaemagglutinin and potentiated the induction of suppressor activity in MNL by concanavalin A. Benoxaprofen at the same concentration increased MNL oxidative metabolism measured by chemiluminescence. Inclusion of the anti-oxidants ascorbate or cysteine (1 X 10(-3) M) in the assay system or depletion of adherent cells from MNL populations was associated with the elimination of both benoxaprofen-mediated suppression and increased MNL oxidative metabolism. Benoxaprofen per se was not an oxidizing agent nor did the drug possess peroxidase-like properties. These findings show that benoxaprofen induces suppressor activity in MNL by a pro-oxidative mechanism dependent upon intact cellular oxidative metabolism. Induction of suppressor activity in MNL by pro-oxidative drugs may be an important anti-inflammatory mechanism. PMID- 6236682 TI - Cutaneous signs of dioxin exposure. AB - Cutaneous stigmata of exposure to the halogenated compounds, including dioxin, may be the most sensitive index of exposure. The most common skin findings include chloracne, hyperpigmentation and hirsutism. Dioxin exposure may occur in a number of ways, in industrial, military and accidental settings. The cutaneous signs of dioxin exposure should prompt a careful evaluation for associated systemic disorders. PMID- 6236683 TI - Transient changes in left ventricular mechanics during attacks of Prinzmetal angina: a two-dimensional echocardiographic study. AB - Fifty-five ischemic attacks at rest with ST segment elevation were recorded by two-dimensional echocardiography (2DE) in 20 patients with Prinzmetal angina. Eighteen ischemic attacks were recorded starting from intravenous injection of ergonovine maleate while 37 spontaneous ischemic attacks were recorded from onset of either anginal pain or ECG changes or from the basal state. In each ischemic attack at least one of the following transient alterations was observed by 2DE during ST elevation: (1) Regional hypokinesia, akinesia, or dyskinesia; (2) "step sign," that is, a sharp demarcation between an akinetic or dyskinetic area and an adjacent normal or hypercontracting region; and (3) geometric changes in left ventricular shape, that is, globular appearance in diastole and hourglass silhouette in systole. Regional myocardial asynergy was detected earlier than onset of pain (which was not present in 21 [38%] ischemic episodes) or ST segment elevation on ECG, as documented in 40 ischemic episodes (16 induced and 24 spontaneous) in which echocardiographic monitoring was performed from basal state and carried on up to the appearance of ischemia. All described mechanical changes were fully reversible after pain subsided and ST segment was back to isoelectric, either spontaneously or with nitrates; furthermore, a contractile "rebound phenomenon" of the previously ischemic wall was observed in some episodes. In conclusion, these results outline a role for 2DE in detecting cardiac mechanical impairment due to transient myocardial ischemia with ST segment elevation in humans. PMID- 6236684 TI - Electrocardiographic diagnosis of left ventricular hypertrophy in the presence of left bundle branch block. AB - The presence of left bundle branch block (LBBB) on 12-lead ECG may obscure the diagnosis of other ECG abnormalities including left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH). We retrospectively reviewed ECGs of patients with LBBB and LVH as determined by echocardiography to evaluate several ECG parameters as predictors of LVH. ECG evaluation included precordial voltage as measured by the sum of the S wave in leads V1 or V2 plus R wave in lead V6, QRS duration, mean frontal plane QRS axis, R wave amplitude in lead aVL, intrinsicoid deflection, and the presence or absence of criteria for left atrial enlargement. In the presence of LBBB and LVH, precordial voltage was significantly greater (p less than 0.001), QRS duration more prolonged (p less than 0.001), and left atrial enlargement more frequently present (p less than 0.001) than when LVH was not present. There was no difference in limb lead voltage, intrinsicoid deflection, or mean frontal plane QRS axis. Furthermore, the criterion of SV2 + RV6 greater than 4.5 mV demonstrated a sensitivity of 86% and a specificity of 100%. We conclude that a voltage criterion of SV2 + RV6 greater than 4.5 mV is diagnostic of LVH in the presence of LBBB; furthermore, QRS duration of greater than 160 msec plus left atrial enlargement strongly supports the diagnosis of LVH. PMID- 6236685 TI - Overview of risk factors for coronary heart disease in black populations. AB - An alternative set of explanations for the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial (MRFIT) findings will be presented to contrast with the provocative comments of Dr. Curry. In addition, some quantitative population data will be presented that suggest that even if the MRFIT findings are borne out over time, they will have relatively little impact on hypertension control programs in black populations. PMID- 6236686 TI - Assessment of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty by quantitative coronary angiography: diameter versus densitometric area measurements. AB - Cineangiograms of 138 patients who underwent percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) were analyzed with a computer-based coronary angiography analysis system. The results before and after dilatation are presented. In a first study group (120 patients), the severity of the obstructive lesions derived from the automatically detected contours was evaluated in absolute terms and in percent-diameter reduction. In a second group of patients, 18 coronary lesions were selected for their extreme severity and symmetric aspect before angioplasty as assessed from multiple views. In the second group, the densitometric percent area stenosis was used to assess the changes in cross-sectional area after PTCA and was compared with the circular percent-area stenosis computed from the diameter measurements. Before PTCA, a good agreement exists between the densitometric percent-area stenosis and the circular percent-area stenosis. After PTCA, important discrepancies between these 2 types of measurements are observed. It is suggested that these discrepancies in results after PTCA can be accounted for by asymmetric morphologic changes in luminal cross section, which cannot be assessed accurately from diameter measurements in a single-plane view. PMID- 6236688 TI - Percutaneous balloon angioplasty. Treatment for congenital coarctation of the aorta and congenital valval pulmonic stenosis. AB - We performed percutaneous balloon angioplasties in five patients who had congenital coarctation of the aorta (six procedures) and in five patients who had congenital valval pulmonic stenosis. In the patients with coarctation, the systolic BP difference across the coarctation decreased an average of 39 mm Hg (range, 32 to 44 mm Hg) and the mean BP difference decreased an average of 21 mm Hg (range, 19 to 27 mm Hg). The diameter of the coarcted area increased an average of 5 mm (range, 3 to 8 mm). In the patients with valval pulmonic stenosis, the systolic BP difference across the pulmonary valve decreased an average of 17 mm Hg (range, 0 to 20 mm Hg) in the resting state and decreased an average of 33 mm Hg (range, 19 to 56 mm Hg) in a state of isoproterenol hydrochloride-induced stress. This form of therapy offers an alternative to surgery in selected patients. PMID- 6236687 TI - Whole blood viscosity as a determinant of cardiac hypertrophy in systemic hypertension. AB - The relationships among blood pressure (BP), blood viscosity and echocardiographic left ventricular (LV) muscle mass were evaluated in 24 patients with essential hypertension and in 13 normotensive control subjects. LV mass was greater in the hypertensive patients than in the control subjects (225 +/- 69 vs 170 +/- 31 g, p less than 0.02) as was blood viscosity at a shear rate of 104 sec 1 (4.7 +/- 0.1 vs 4.3 +/- 0.2 cp, p less than 0.005). Among the hypertensive patients, LV mass was most closely related to viscosity at 104 sec-1 (r = 0.80, p less than 0.001), whereas only weak correlations were found between LV mass and systolic or diastolic BP (r = 0.45, p less than 0.05 for both). The 14 hypertensive patients with normal LV mass had viscosity similar to that in control subjects (4.5 +/- 0.3 vs 4.3 +/- 0.2 cp), whereas viscosity was consistently increased (5.0 +/- 0.4 cp, p less than 0.02) in hypertensive patients with LV hypertrophy. Thus, increased blood viscosity may be a determinant of or a response to hypertensive cardiac hypertrophy. PMID- 6236689 TI - Angioplasty of a stenotic aorto-renal artery saphenous vein bypass graft to a single kidney. AB - A 69-year-old white woman who 18 months previously had undergone a right nephrectomy and an aorto-renal artery saphenous vein bypass to her left kidney because of accelerated hypertension underwent angioplasty repair of the saphenous vein bypass, which had become stenotic and was causing accelerated hypertension and renal failure. Angioplasty resulted in improvement in BP control and renal function. This is the first report of a successful angioplasty of an aorto-renal saphenous vein bypass. This case also demonstrates the previously described captopril-induced acute renal failure seen in patients with compromised renal perfusion pressure. PMID- 6236691 TI - Role of balloon dilatation in the treatment of renovascular hypertension. AB - Renal angioplasty is now well established as a treatment for renovascular hypertension. In patients with fibromuscular dysplasia, the technique is usually technically successful, and the therapeutic effect on blood pressure is as good as with surgical revascularization. In patients with atheroma, the success rate is lower, mainly because of technical problems associated with inability to pass the catheter across the stenosis. In patients in whom this can be done, the results are similar to those of surgery. In our experience, the rate of restenosis is acceptably low, and in most patients, improvement has been maintained over two years. Selection of suitable patients is based on screening from the clinical history and examination, combined with renin-sodium profiling. Renal vein renin measurements have been found reliably to predict the therapeutic outcome of angioplasty, and the incremental method of Vaughan has been preferable to use of the ratio between the two renal veins. In patients with high renin sodium profiles or in those with normal profiles and a clinical suspicion of renovascular hypertension, renal vein renin values would be determined next, usually with digital intravenous angioplasty. A single test dose of captopril may also be useful as a screening test. If these procedures do indicate the presence of renovascular hypertension, the patient is admitted to the hospital, and arteriography and angioplasty are performed at the same session. PMID- 6236690 TI - Duplication of chromosome 10p: confirmation of regional assignments of platelet type phosphofructokinase. AB - A proband, clinically thought to have trisomy 10p, was found to have an inverted duplication of 10p [46, XY, inv dup(10)(qter----p15.3::p15.3----p 11.1:)]. The phenotypic findings and cytogenetic observations were supported by relevant biochemical studies. The activity of phosphofructokinase (platelet-type; PFKP), previously localized to 10p, and hexokinase-I (HKI), putatively on 10p, demonstrated 153% and 149% of control activity in the proband's fibroblasts. These gene-dosage effects confirmed the clinical and cytogenetic observations as well as the localization of HKI to 10p. Additionally, phosphofructokinase (PFK) and hexokinase (HK), which are control points in the glycolytic pathway, were shown to be syntenic. PMID- 6236692 TI - Potential impact of a predictive test on the gene frequency of Huntington disease. AB - Fifty-five individuals at 50% risk of inheriting Huntington disease (HD) were given in-depth structured interviews to survey attitudes toward use of a predictive test and to assess the possible impact of such a test on the number of gene carriers born. Three-quarters of the sample said they would take predictive test. Given a positive predictive or prenatal test, the number of individuals choosing to have children is reduced from 80% of the total sample to 42%, or by almost one-half. The large proportion of at risk individuals who say they would use a predictive test underscores the importance of developing guidelines for its administration prior to implementation. PMID- 6236694 TI - Brief or new: egress during fire--wheelchair exiting in an emergency. PMID- 6236693 TI - Circulating immune complexes in regularly dialyzed patients with chronic renal failure. AB - The prevalence of circulating immune complexes (CIC) was investigated using the C1q binding assay (C1q BA) and the conglutinin binding assay (Kg BA) in 200 patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis. Increased C1q binding was found in 45% (87 of 194) of the patients, and the modified Kg BA gave elevated values in 31% (20 of 65). The prevalence of CIC was similar in American and Swiss patients, and in patients undergoing hemodialysis, self-dialysis or peritoneal dialysis. In patients with 'nonimmunological' renal diseases, CIC were detected with similar frequency. No change in CIC was noted during hemodialysis in 6 additional patients tested. The abnormality was not related to age, sex, duration of dialysis, hepatitis B antigenemia, bacterial infections, or transfusions. Anti DNA antibodies were absent in all subjects tested and the results of the C1q BA were not changed by DNase digestion of eight sera with high C1q binding. Rheumatoid factor activity (RF) was detected in approximately one-fifth of the patients, and there was a direct correlation between positive C1q binding and RF. There was no correlation between CIC and lymphocytotoxic antibodies. This study demonstrated a high prevalence of CIC in dialyzed uremic patients and established its relationship to other immunological abnormalities. PMID- 6236695 TI - Morphometry of right ventricular hypertrophy induced by myocardial infarction in the rat. AB - The growth response of the right ventricle was studied in rats following ligation of the left coronary artery, which produced infarcts comprising approximately 40% of the left ventricle. A month after surgery the weight of the right ventricle was increased 30%, and this hypertrophic change was characterized by a 17% wall thickening, consistent with the 13% greater diameter of myocytes. Myocardial hypertrophy was accompanied by an inadequate growth of the microvasculature that supports tissue oxygenation. This was seen by relative decreases in capillary luminal volume density (-27%) and capillary luminal surface density (-21%) and by an increase in the average maximum distance from the capillary wall to the mitochondria of myocytes (19%). In contrast, measurements of the mean myocyte volume per nucleus showed a proportional enlargement of these cells (32%), from 16,300 cu mu in control animals to 21,500 cu mu in experimental rats. Quantitative analysis of the right coronary artery revealed a 33% increase in its luminal area, commensurate with the magnitude of ventricular hypertrophy. PMID- 6236696 TI - Inactivation of atrial natriuretic substance by kallikrein. AB - To further characterize the properties of the potent natriuretic and diuretic substance that can be extracted from atrial tissue, we investigated its susceptibility to inactivation by kallikrein and other proteolytic enzymes. Extracts of rat atrial tissue (tissue wet wt 100 mg/ml) were incubated with enzymes under standard conditions and tested by injection into nondiuretic anesthetized rats. One hour of incubation at 37 degrees C with pure porcine pancreatic kallikrein at concentrations of 250 micrograms/ml or greater significantly reduced the activity of atrial natriuretic substance. The reduction in activity was dependent on both enzyme concentration and time of incubation. The kallikrein-catalyzed degradation was completely blocked by aprotinin but was only partially retarded by soybean trypsin inhibitor. Trypsin reduced natriuretic and diuretic activity of extracts at concentrations of 400 micrograms/ml or greater, with nearly complete inactivation at a concentration of 1,000 micrograms/ml. Carboxypeptidase B also caused a concentration-dependent inactivation of the natriuretic material. Last, alpha-chymotrypsin (1,000 micrograms/ml) and elastase (1,000 micrograms/ml) were found to destroy the natriuretic activity. In a separate set of experiments natriuretic activity was observed to be retained by a 1,000 mol wt cutoff membrane. Inactivation of the natriuretic peptide by renal kallikrein is a possible mechanism for in vivo regulation of natriuretic activity. PMID- 6236697 TI - Right atrial appendectomy reduces the renal response to acute hypervolemia in the rat. AB - We have shown previously that an extract of atrial tissue from rat heart contains a potent natriuretic factor. In this study anesthetized rats were connected to a respirator and the right atrial appendage was either excised, using a loop ligature (experimental group), or the loop was placed around the appendage and then removed (sham-operated group). After equilibration and control urine collection periods an isooncotic Ringers-albumin solution was infused intravenously (25% of estimated blood volume), and renal function was monitored over the next hour. There were no differences between groups in control period arterial or central venous pressures, heart rates, cardiac outputs, renal blood flows, or filtration rates. However, the diuretic and natriuretic responses to infusion in the experimental group were only one half of those in the sham operated series (vol = 23.4 +/- 6.2 vs. 68.2 +/- 11.0 microliter X min-1 X g kidney wt-1, UNa V = 2,731 +/- 856 vs. 6,504 +/- 962 nmol X min-1 X g kidney wt 1). These differences were not affected by prior bilateral vagotomy. Administration of homologous atrial natriuretic factor or furosemide resulted in identical renal responses in both groups. We conclude therefore that acute hypervolemia is associated with release of atrial natriuretic factor into the bloodstream and that removal of the atrial appendage reduces the amount available for such release. PMID- 6236698 TI - The effect of public controversy on occupational health problems: byssinosis. AB - The effect of the byssinosis controversy on surveillance programs in the cotton textile industry is reviewed. The federally regulated format for industry medical surveillance guarantees neither automatic reduction of cotton dust exposure for high-risk workers nor wage rate retention for workers who are transferred to less dusty job sites. The absence of universal guidelines for worker management, combined with doubt over the severity and prevalence of byssinosis, encourages employers to evaluate medical surveillance programs primarily on the basis of their economic impact. When employers use the programs to control their losses, the potential costs of worker participation are increased. Comparisons with medical surveillance programs in the coal industry suggest that health benefits to workers can be guaranteed in the context of disputes over occupational diseases if industry, labor, and government agencies all participate in program design and operation. PMID- 6236701 TI - Musculoskeletal profile and incidence of musculoskeletal injuries in lightweight women rowers. AB - There is a lack of information dealing with the musculoskeletal profile of common injuries in women rowers. Strength and flexibility of trunk/pelvic muscles were qualitatively described in 17 elite lightweight women rowers. Questionnaires regarding incidence of musculoskeletal injuries in this population were completed. Correlations between musculoskeletal profiles and incidence of injury were determined. Results indicate elite lightweight women rowers have a high incidence of low back pain and discomfort. Seventy-five percent of the sample demonstrated hyperflexion of the lumbar spine. There was a high positive correlation between hyperflexion motion of the lumbar spine and incidence of low back pain. There was a high negative correlation between adherence to a regular stretching program and incidence of low back pain. PMID- 6236702 TI - Long-acting, repository antimalarial agents. Duration of protection in mice and monkeys following administration of pyrimethamine pamoate. AB - The duration of protection from blood-stage malarial challenge following single injections of pyrimethamine pamoate was assessed in mice and monkeys. This duration was dose-related and ranged from several weeks in mice to over 4 months in the monkeys. Comparisons with the previously reported repository drugs, cycloguanil pamoate and acedapsone (diacetyldiaminodiphenyl sulfone), in mice demonstrated that pyrimethamine pamoate provides an equal or greater duration of protection. Studies with mixtures containing acedapsone gave good protection against a pyrimethamine-resistant strain of Plasmodium berghei. PMID- 6236699 TI - On trends in childhood disability. PMID- 6236700 TI - Mixed lymphocyte reaction in hydatidiform mole. AB - One-way wife-husband and wife-donor mixed lymphocyte reactions (MLR) were performed in ten patients with hydatidiform moles and ten age- and maturity matched pregnant controls. The MLR response in patients with hydatidiform moles was similar to that of normal pregnant subjects and the maternal plasma did not affect the response. In the two patients who subsequently required chemotherapy because of persistent elevation of serum human chorionic gonadotrophin, the maternal plasma taken just before chemotherapy suppressed the maternal MLR response to paternal lymphocytes but not that to unrelated donors' lymphocytes. PMID- 6236703 TI - Altered helper and suppressor lymphocyte populations in surgical patients. A measure of postoperative immunosuppression. AB - Although a wealth of evidence has suggested that cell-mediated immunity is suppressed after simple surgical trauma, there have been contradictory results using stimulation assays of lymphocyte function. We quantitated T-lymphocyte subsets in 11 patients undergoing routine cholecystectomy by immunofluorescence microscopy using specific monoclonal antibodies. T-helper to T-suppressor cell ratios were calculated on the preoperative day and the first postoperative day in all patients, and on the third or fourth postoperative day in five patients. Helper to suppressor ratios decreased in all patients on the first postoperative day (p greater than 0.01), but returned to within normal limits on subsequent days. Changes were due more to decreases in helper cells than to increases in suppressor cells, although changes in both populations were statistically significant. The measurement of T-cell subsets by antibody-specific labeling and immunofluorescence microscopy may prove to be a more sensitive, quantifiable, and reproducible assay of immune function in surgical or traumatized patients than use of stimulation assays. Measurements of specific helper and suppressor lymphocyte populations may prove useful in predicting morbidity and mortality, and may also help in studying the effect of immunomodulating agents on the immune response. PMID- 6236704 TI - [Organizational measures for the prevention of severe complications in obstetrical practice]. PMID- 6236705 TI - [Possibilities in the organization of rural obstetrical-gynecological and referral services]. PMID- 6236706 TI - [Our contribution to practical health care in the Republic]. PMID- 6236707 TI - [Corticosteroid prevention of hyaline membrane disease]. PMID- 6236708 TI - Postoperative morbidity following gynaecological outpatient laparoscopy. A reappraisal of the service. AB - Fifty-six women having out-patient gynaecological laparoscopies were studied to determine anaesthetic problems and postoperative morbidity. It is concluded that the procedure is safe, and although the postoperative morbidity appears high it is very acceptable to the patient. PMID- 6236709 TI - Reaction of cyanide with hydroxamic acid iron complexes to distinguish trihydroxamates from simple monohydroxamates. AB - At high pH primary hydroxamic acid-iron complexes react rapidly with potassium cyanide to yield a deep blue iron complex. Secondary, or N-substituted, monohydroxamic acid-iron complexes also react with loss of the red color typical of these complexes but with no formation of the blue product. Under the same conditions, trihydroxamates do not react at a significant rate. The blue complex is similar in many respects to the previously described Fe(CN)5NO3- but is noteworthy in its stability to oxidation and extremely high pH. Lack of formation of the blue complex with secondary hydroxamates is attributed to the absence of inorganic hydroxylamine so that the nitrosyl group cannot be formed. Lack of reactivity of siderophore trihydroxamates is due to the much greater stability of their iron complexes. The reaction is a simple, convenient method of distinguishing primary, secondary, and siderophore trihydroxamic acids. PMID- 6236710 TI - Dissociation and isolation of chromatin proteins in salt solutions by an aqueous two-phase system. AB - An aqueous two-phase system containing 7% Dextran T 500-5% polyethylene glycol (PEG) 6000 has been adopted for rapid selective stepwise extractions of high mobility-group proteins and histones from both isolated chromatin and intact nuclei of calf thymus. After the dissociated proteins in the PEG phase were precipitated with 20% trichloroacetic acid at 4 degrees C, proteins were recovered from this phase by solubilization of PEG with acidified acetone at room temperature. This method allows preparation of nuclei depleted of histone H1. PMID- 6236711 TI - Histology, carbohydrate and protein histochemistry of the mandibular gland in suckling, prepuberal and puberal zebus (Bos indicus). PMID- 6236713 TI - Localization of the motoneurons innervating the hindlimb muscles in the spinal cord of the domestic fowl. PMID- 6236712 TI - [Histochemical studies of the epidermis of the hoof in swine]. PMID- 6236714 TI - Differential distribution by size of layer V pyramidal neurons in raccoon (Procyon lotor) sensorimotor cortex. PMID- 6236715 TI - Age related changes in the capillary index of the caprine hypophysis cerebri. PMID- 6236716 TI - Effect of isocyanide on the ultrastructure of mouse pineal. PMID- 6236717 TI - [Possible morphological differentiation of horse and mule kidneys from those of donkey and hinny]. PMID- 6236718 TI - An ultrastructural study of granulocytic development in feline bone marrow. PMID- 6236719 TI - Differences in pulmonary artery wedge pressures obtained by balloon inflation versus impaction techniques. PMID- 6236720 TI - Non-invasive predictors of short and long-term survival in dilated cardiomyopathy. AB - Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) carries a poor prognosis. This study examined the non-invasive parameters that may be predictive of survival in two groups of patients, short-term survivors who died within one year of onset of symptoms (Group I, 6 patients) and long-term survivors who survived greater than one year of presentation (Group II, 16 patients). The M-mode echocardiogram (E), resting radionuclide ventricular function study (RNA) and electrocardiogram (ECG) were reviewed for factors that would differentiate between Group I and II. The E mean ventricular wall thickness in Group I was 0.6 cm and Group II 0.9 cm (p less than 0.05), a hypertrophy-dilation index (mean thickness/LVDd) was 0.09 for Group I and 0.12 for Group II (p less than 0.05). There was no significant difference between Groups I and II in LVDd by E, RNA, LV ejection fraction, ECG (LVH, ventricular ectopy, conduction abnormalities). Thus, the finding of a mean ventricular wall thickness of 0.9 cm and a hypertrophy-dilation index of greater than 0.10 by E was predictive of survival longer than one year. The ECG and RNA LV ejection fraction did not predict outcome. PMID- 6236721 TI - Deep vein thrombosis detection by 99m TC-MDP scanning. AB - A new observation is reported wherein 99m Tc-MDP is incorporated into recanalizing thrombophlebitis. In one patient with subacute disease, inflammatory vascularity is appreciated during the first one to two minutes after injection. Both patients showed evidence of late phosphate uptake in their greater saphenous veins two hours later. Intravenous isotope injections may be given in an arm vein: foot injections are not required. PMID- 6236722 TI - Activation of T lymphocytes and autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction in allergic patients. AB - In allergic patients the authors previously observed high proportions of circulating T lymphocytes bearing Ia antigens, assumed to be "activated" T cells. In the present investigation they employed other T cell activation markers (4F2, insulin receptor, MLR4) which differ in the kinetics of appearance upon the surface of stimulated T cells. They report high proportions of Ia and 4F2 positive T cells, normal levels of MLR4-positive T lymphocytes and no insulin binding on T cells. However, T cells of allergic subjects are able to express insulin receptors in PHA-induced culture, such as normal subjects do. The authors conclude that these data, supported by similar observations in autoimmune diseases, indicates differences between in vivo and in vitro features of expression of T cell activation markers. In addition the autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction (AMLR) in atopic patients was studied. The results indicate that AMLR responsiveness is defective in allergic patients. PMID- 6236723 TI - [Muscle relaxant effect of atracurium in patients with chronic renal failure]. AB - The muscle relaxant effect of atracurium was monitored by measuring the strength of the adductor pollicis muscle (TH) elicited by supramaximal stimulation of the ulnar nerve at the wrist. In order to facilitate tracheal intubation, a dose of 0.6 mg X kg-1 was administered in 10 patients with complete renal failure. The results were compared with those obtained from 20 normal patients. The dose of 0.6 mg X kg-1 produced adequate conditions for tracheal intubation. A 95% or more depression of TH was obtained in both groups after 3 min. The duration of effect was similar in both groups. The delay between injection and 75% recovery of TH was of 62 min in controls and 52 min in patients with renal failure. Only the recovery index (the time elapsed between 25% and 75% recovery) was shorter in patients with renal failure (p less than 0.01): 8 min instead of 14 min in the controls. PMID- 6236725 TI - Effect of a pneumatic antishock garment on drug delivery via distal venous access. AB - We examined the effect of an inflated pneumatic antishock garment (PASG) on simulated drug delivery through a distally placed venous catheter, during both normal flow and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). A PASG device was applied to anesthetized mongrel dogs and was inflated to 60 mm Hg. A small bolus of radionuclide was injected through an intravenous catheter placed distal to the PASG. Emission counts were made over both ventricles during conditions of normal flow and then during CPR following cardiac arrest. Mean times from injection to peak counts were determined. A control group of animals with central venous catheters but no PASG was studied similarly. There were no clinically appreciable differences between groups during normal flow. During CPR the PASG animals showed a mean delay of 90 seconds to the left ventricle peak. This difference was not statistically significant. We conclude that, in this canine model, acceptable delivery of drugs can be obtained by venous infusion into a limb with a PASG inflated. PMID- 6236726 TI - Adoption of children with special needs. A national perspective. PMID- 6236724 TI - Comparison of superior vena caval and inferior vena caval access using a radioisotope technique during normal perfusion and cardiopulmonary resuscitation. AB - Recent studies of thoracic pressure changes during external cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) suggest that there may be a significant difference in the rate of delivery of intravenous drugs when they are administered through the extrathoracic inferior vena cava (IVC) rather than the intrathoracic superior vena cava (SVC). Comparison of delivery of a radionuclide given using superior and inferior vena caval access sites was made during normal blood flow and during CPR. Mean times from injection to peak emission count in each ventricle were determined. There were no significant differences between mean peak times for SVC or IVC routes during normal flow or CPR. When peak times were corrected for variations in cardiac output, there were no significant differences between IVC and SVC peak times during normal flow. During CPR, however, mean left ventricular peak time, when corrected for cardiac output, was significantly shorter (P less than .05) when the SVC route was used. The mean time for the counts to reach half the ventricular peak was statistically shorter (P less than .05) in both ventricles with the SVC route during the low flow of CPR. This suggests that during CPR, increased drug dispersion may occur when drugs are infused by the IVC route and thus may modify the anticipated effect of the drug bolus. These results suggest that during CPR, both the cardiac output and the choice of venous access are important variables for drug delivery. PMID- 6236727 TI - [Effectiveness of disodium cromoglycate, salbutamol, and ipratropium bromide in the inhibition of exercise-induced bronchospasm]. AB - Forty-nine asymptomatic asthmatic children who showed exercise induced bronchospasm (EIB), received in a randomized double-blind fashion one of the four following drugs administered through nebulizer and facial mask: salbutamol 4 mg (13 patients), disodium chromoglycate 20 mg (12 patients), ipratroprium bromide 0.4 mg (12 patients), placebo (12 patients). They performed exercise fifteen minutes after receiving the drugs and spirometries were done 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 minutes after the end of the exercise. Bronchodilation was noticed 15 minutes after the administration of salbutamol and ipratroprium bromide but not after cromoglycate or placebo. No patient receiving either salbutamol or cromoglycate had EIB whereas it occurred in 50% of those receiving ipratroprium bromide and 91.6% of those receiving placebo. PMID- 6236728 TI - Seroconversion rates with hepatitis B vaccine. PMID- 6236729 TI - [Therapeutic plasma exchange: indications and results]. PMID- 6236730 TI - Transient acute myopia resulting from isotretinoin (accutane) therapy. AB - A patient developed transient, acute myopia while on isotretinoin (Accutane) therapy for acne. This idiosynactic adverse reaction has not been previously described. There was a clear relationship between restarting the Accutane and recurrence of the transient myopia. PMID- 6236731 TI - [Granulation eruption during the treatment of chronic acne with isotretinoin]. PMID- 6236732 TI - [Pustular rosacea. Treatment with 13-cis-retinoic acid]. PMID- 6236733 TI - Postmastectomy breast reconstruction with a trilobe cutaneous pattern. AB - Many patients undergoing breast reconstruction demonstrate skin deficiency and tightness in both the vertical and horizontal planes on the mastectomy side. Conventional elliptical-type skin designs for the latissimus dorsi musculocutaneous flap fail to provide the bidimensional skin augmentation required. We demonstrate a trilobe cutaneous pattern that allows both horizontal and vertical skin release and has led to an improved aesthetic result. The pattern can be applied in performing either the latissimus dorsi or the transverse rectus abdominis musculocutaneous flap. PMID- 6236734 TI - Muscular plastic for aesthetic conformation of abdominal girdle. AB - Two techniques of waist reduction which utilize the external oblique abdominis muscle are described. The first method superimposes the external oblique abdominis muscle, and involves making an incision in the muscle inside the anterosuperior iliac spine, continuing obliquely upward toward the midaxillar line, lifting the flap by its deep side. The technique is completed by crossing and superimposing each muscle lamina over the other. The second method creates a muscle belt by lifting the external oblique abdominis muscle and an aponeurotic muscle flap from the area deep to the superoanterior iliac spine as an upper pedicle. The remaining ends, separated from the muscle, are approximated to each other and sutured. The aponeurotic muscle flaps are carried forward to be crossed and superimposed in the midline under the umbilicus as a belt. PMID- 6236735 TI - [X-ray computed tomography in traumatology excepting craniocerebral injuries. Apropos of 48 cases]. PMID- 6236736 TI - [Gastroschisis. Apropos of 32 cases]. PMID- 6236737 TI - The haemocoagulation system and macroangiopathy in insulin dependent (type I) diabetes. PMID- 6236738 TI - Double-blind parallel study of piroxicam versus indomethacin in the treatment of low back pain. AB - Twenty-eight outpatients with chronic severe lumbar pain participated in a double blind comparative trial on the clinical efficacy of orally administered piroxicam and indomethacin. Half of the patients received indomethacin, 25 mg t.i.d.; the other half received piroxicam 20 mg in the morning and a placebo at lunchtime and before dinner for six weeks. The patients were examined four times at two-week intervals for their capability to do daily tasks and for total lumbar mobility, forward bending, raising of both legs straight and the subjective assessment of pain. Side effects were recorded on a questionnaire and with laboratory tests. The overall results of both groups were similar. Thus, piroxicam, 20 mg daily, matches indomethacin, 25 mg t.i.d., in the treatment of low back pain. The side effects were slight. Treatment with indomethacin was stopped in one case (erythema and conjunctivitis). In the piroxicam group diarrhea, constipation, and pain in the tongue were reported, whereas in the indomethacin group gastrointestinal irritation and tiredness were typical symptoms. PMID- 6236740 TI - Ir gene control: an overview. PMID- 6236739 TI - Studies of the pathogenesis of arteriosclerosis induced in rats by intrarenal injection of a carcinogen, nickel subsulfide. AB - Widespread arteriosclerotic lesions were detected by histological examinations of rats killed at seven or nine weeks after an intrarenal (ir) injection of nickel subsulfide (Ni3S2, 5 mg per rat). Arteriosclerotic plaques were readily visualized by administering hematoporphyrin derivative (HPD) iv to rats at 24 hours before sacrifice. At necropsy, the major arteries were inspected under ultraviolet light, revealing patches of intense HPD-fluorescence in the arterial endothelium of Ni3S2-treated rats, but not in control rats. Consistent with previous reports, the Ni3S2-treated rats developed pronounced erythrocytosis; blood hematocrit values averaged 70 +/- 4 percent at seven weeks after ir injection of Ni3S2 (P less than 0.001 vs corresponding value of 49 +/- 2 percent in vehicle controls). At seven weeks, blood platelet counts averaged 17 percent lower and serum glucose concentrations averaged 23 percent lower in Ni3S2-treated rats than in controls; serum lipids, lipoproteins, non-protein nitrogen constituents, electrolytes, proteins, and enzymes were not significantly affected. Body weights and systolic blood pressures of rats at two, four, and six weeks after ir injection of Ni3S2 did not differ from corresponding values in controls. Addition of egg yolk to the diet caused mild hypercholesterolemia, but it did not enhance the incidence or severity of arterial lesions in Ni3S2-treated rats. These findings exclude hypertension and hyperlipidemia as pathogenic factors in Ni3S2-induced arteriosclerosis. PMID- 6236742 TI - Low T8 antigen density on lymphocytes in active multiple sclerosis. AB - The median fluorescence intensity of peripheral blood T8+ (T suppressor/cytotoxic) cells in patients with active (relapsing or progressive) or stable multiple sclerosis (MS) and in control subjects was determined with a fluorescence-activated cell sorter using an indirect immunofluorescence assay. Median fluorescence intensity was significantly lower in patients with active MS than in controls. No differences in median fluorescence intensity were found between patients with stable MS and controls. Analysis of T8+ cells that had been modulated in vitro with OKT8 indicated that the resultant reduction in the median T8 antigen density per cell resulted in fewer T8+ cells being enumerated when the fluorescence-activated cell sorter was used than when a fluorescence microscope was used. Reduced median T8 antigen density on cells as found in active MS may contribute to the apparent underrepresentation of circulating T-suppressor cells in such patients and may be associated with reduced suppressor cell function. PMID- 6236741 TI - I-region genes and the T-cell repertoire. PMID- 6236743 TI - Down's syndrome and Alzheimer's disease. PMID- 6236744 TI - Protein-DNA recognition. AB - Several general principles emerge from the studies of Cro, lambda repressor, and CAP. The DNA-binding sites are recognized in a form similar to B-DNA. They do not form cruciforms or other novel DNA structures. There seem to be proteins that bind left-handed Z-DNA (87) and DNA in other conformations, but it remains to be seen how these structures are recognized or how proteins recognize specific sequences in single-stranded DNA. Cro, repressor, and CAP use symmetrically related subunits to interact with two-fold related sites in the operator sequences. Many other DNA-binding proteins are dimers or tetramers and their operator sequences have approximate two-fold symmetry. It seems likely that these proteins will, like Cro, repressor, and CAP, form symmetric complexes. However, there is no requirement for symmetry in protein-DNA interactions. Some sequence specific DNA-binding proteins, like RNA polymerase, do not have symmetrically related subunits and do not bind to symmetric recognition sequences. Cro, repressor, and CAP use alpha-helices for many of the contacts between side chains and bases in the major groove. An adjacent alpha-helical region contacts the DNA backbone and may help to orient the "recognition" helices. This use of alpha helical regions for DNA binding appears to be a common mode of recognition. Most of the contacts made by Cro, repressor, and CAP occur on one side of the double helix. However, lambda repressor contacts both sides of the double helix by using a flexible region of protein to wrap around the DNA. Recognition of specific base sequences involves hydrogen bonds and van der Waals interactions between side chains and the edges of base pairs. These specific interactions, together with backbone interactions and electrostatic interactions, stabilize the protein-DNA complexes. The current models for the complexes of Cro, repressor, and CAP with operator DNA are probably fundamentally correct, but it should be emphasized that model building alone, even when coupled with genetic and biochemical studies, cannot be expected to provide a completely reliable "high-resolution" view of the protein-DNA complex. For example, the use of standard B-DNA geometry for the operator is clearly an approximation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6236745 TI - Recovery of norfloxacin in feces after administration of a single oral dose to human volunteers. AB - Twelve healthy volunteers received single 400-mg oral doses of norfloxacin. During the ensuing 48 h, from 8.3 to 53.3% (mean, 28%) of this dose was recovered in the feces. Peak drug concentrations in fecal specimens ranged from 207 to 2,716 micrograms/g. PMID- 6236746 TI - Duodeno-pancreatic secretions enhance bactericidal activity of antimicrobial drugs. AB - We have studied the action of various antimicrobial agents in microbiological media and in human duodeno-pancreatic secretions. In the latter medium, clioquinol exhibited a rapid bactericidal effect on both growing and stationary bacteria at concentrations near its MIC. However, it was merely bacteriostatic in microbiological media, even at high concentrations. Phanquinone, chlorquinaldol, and, to a lesser extent, also chloramphenicol and trimethoprim likewise displayed enhanced bactericidal activity in duodeno-pancreatic secretions, but various other antibacterial agents did not. These findings suggest that duodeno pancreatic secretions contain a factor augmenting the antibacterial activity of a number of drugs. PMID- 6236747 TI - Teicoplanin versus nafcillin and vancomycin in the treatment of experimental endocarditis caused by methicillin-susceptible or -resistant Staphylococcus aureus. AB - In rabbits with experimentally induced endocarditis, the efficacy of teicoplanin compared favorably both with that of nafcillin for infection by a methicillin susceptible strain of Staphylococcus aureus and with that of vancomycin for infection by a methicillin-resistant strain of S. aureus. In a 4-day treatment regimen, teicoplanin was as effective as either nafcillin or vancomycin in eliminating organisms from aortic valve vegetations in the respective infection. In a 10-day regimen for methicillin-resistant S. aureus endocarditis, both teicoplanin and vancomycin sterilized the vegetations of some rabbits, but the relapse rate was high for both. These results justify further investigation into the role of teicoplanin for the treatment of serious infections caused by S. aureus. PMID- 6236748 TI - In vitro activities of norfloxacin and ciprofloxacin against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, M. avium complex, M. chelonei, M. fortuitum, and M. kansasii. AB - The activities of ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin against 100 mycobacteria isolates were studied in vitro by the 1% standard proportion method. Ciprofloxacin was more active against M. tuberculosis and M. fortuitum with MICs of 1.0 and 0.25 microgram/ml, respectively, against 90% of isolates; norfloxacin had MICs of 8.0 and 2.0 micrograms/ml, respectively, against 90% of isolates. PMID- 6236749 TI - Anesthesia. For the burned patient. PMID- 6236750 TI - [Tumor-specific immunotherapy: active immunotherapy by augmenting the induction of tumor-specific effector T cells through a T-T cell interaction mechanism]. AB - Recent progress in tumor-specific immunotherapy was reviewed. Methods involved include a) utilization of tumor-specific monoclonal antibodies in conjugation with various anti-cancer agents, b) adoptive transfer of anti-tumor effector T cell clones elaborated in vitro in the presence of interleukin-2 and c) active tumor-specific immunotherapy by augmenting the generation of tumor specific effector T cells. This paper focused especially on the amplified induction of tumor-specific immunity by T-T cell interaction between helper T cells and anti tumor effector T cells. Data were provided indicating successful tumor-specific immunotherapy in autochthonous as well as syngeneic tumor models and such results were discussed in the light of the future clinical application of the tumor specific active immunotherapy. PMID- 6236752 TI - [Antitumor activity of schizophyllan (SPG) against syngeneic ACI/N rat tumor, AMC 60 fibrosarcoma and BC-47 bladder cancer]. AB - The antitumor activity of schizophyllan (SPG) against syngeneic ACI/N rat tumor, AMC-60 fibrosarcoma and BC-47 bladder cancer was investigated. Intramuscular injection of SPG caused a marked suppression of AMC-60 tumor growth. Results obtained with cytotoxicity tests in vitro and lymphoblastogeneic response in vitro suggest the association of enhanced macrophage cytostasis and high reactivity of lymphoid cells with the resistance of the host to AMC-60 tumor. Moreover, SPG showed pronounced antitumor activity against BC-47 bladder cancer. The highest therapeutic effectiveness was obtained when SPG injection was started at an advanced stage of the tumor, 4 out of 15 rats treated being completely cured of cancer. Cytotoxicity tests in vitro and neutralization tests in vivo indicated the important role of cytotoxic lymphocytes as well as activated macrophages in the host defence mechanism against BC-47 cancer. This, taken together with the fact that the rats cured completely by SPG therapy acquired transplantation resistance to BC-47 cancer, shows that SPG may promote tumor immunity in the host. PMID- 6236751 TI - [Effects of 5'-deoxy-5-fluorouridine on human gastrointestinal and breast cancers xenografted to nude mice]. AB - As a preclinical secondary screening trial, the efficacy of a new derivative of 5 fluorouracil, 5'-deoxy-5-fluorouridine (5'-DFUR), on 15 human cancers xenografted serially to nude mice of BALB/c background was evaluated in comparison with two other derivatives, tegafur and UFT. Oral administration of 123 mg/kg/day of 5' DFUR, 25-30 times, produced effective inhibition in 5 out or 7 gastric cancers, 2 out of 3 colorectal cancers, all 3 of breast cancers and 1 out of 2 pancreatic cancers, totalling 11 out of 15 cancer lines (73%) examined. In some cases shrinkage of tumors was noted without any noticeable side effects. Although an increased dose of 185 mg/kg/day of 5'-DFUR resulted in more prominent inhibition on all 9 tumors tested, some animals suffered from severe loss of body weight or diarrhea. Comparative experiments with of equimolac doses of 5'-DFUR(123 mg/kg) and FT-207(100 mg/kg) showed that the inhibition rate of the former was higher than that of the latter in all 8 lines of cancers examined. Six experiments in particular (2 gastric, 1 colorectal, 2 breast and 1 pancreatic cancers), showed that 5'-DFUR statistically sustained more effective suppression. Direct comparisons of 5'-DFUR and UFT were also made in 5 experiments in which 3 cancers were more sensitive to the former drug. Promising results in clinical trials can be expected with the new drug 5'-DFUR for these kinds of cancers. PMID- 6236753 TI - Why patients allergic to ethylenediamine do not react to topical steroids containing ethylenediamine. PMID- 6236754 TI - Nonhealing erosions with granulation tissue in the treatment of acne lesions during isotretinoin therapy. PMID- 6236755 TI - Allergic dermatitis to benzyl alcohol in an injectable solution. AB - Benzyl alcohol produced an allergic contact dermatitis in a 46-year-old woman. The dermatitis was characterized by erythema, palpable edema, and raised borders. It had occurred after the use of sodium tetradecyl sulfate, a sclerosing agent used for the treatment of varicose veins. This article reviews the widespread use of this preservative in a variety of injectable agents. PMID- 6236756 TI - Allergic contact dermatitis from anaerobic acrylic sealants. AB - Three patients employed in electronic assembly operations had allergic contact dermatitis to polyethylene glycol (PEG) dimethacrylate, found in an anaerobic sealant. Clinical features in all three cases consisted of eczema localized predominantly on the distal parts of the fingers and the palmar aspects of fingertips; onycholysis developed in one patient. No cross reactions to methyl methacrylate were observed on patch testing. Guinea pig maximization testing with both the commercially available sealant and the active resin demonstrated that PEG dimethacrylate is a moderate skin sensitizer. PMID- 6236757 TI - 13-cis-retinoic acid in conglobate acne. A follow-up study of 14 trial centers. AB - A follow-up was done on the patients of the German multicenter study with severe conglobate acne who had been treated with different dosages of 13-cis-retinoic acid. Eighty-seven patients were monitored from 12 to 21 months. Optimal long term therapeutic effects were obtained with an initial dose of 1.0 mg/kg body weight, for 3 months, followed by another 3-month-treatment period with 0.2 mg/kg body weight. Six months after the termination of therapy 96% of the patients were still in remission and 81% after 12 months. Comparative figures for the administration of doses were 84% as opposed to 47% (0.5----0.2 mg/kg body wt.) and 74% as opposed to 37% (0.2----0.2 mg/kg body wt.), respectively. It is suggested from the present data that a high initial dosage of 13-cis-retinoic acid be chosen in order to obtain optimal long-term therapeutic effects. Transiently elevated lipid levels as well as other tolerable side effects return to normal within 3 months at the latest after discontinuation of treatment. PMID- 6236758 TI - [Diagnosis of skeletal metastasis of urologic neoplasms by whole-body bone gammagraphy with 99mTc-MDP. Correlation with radiology and laboratory tests]. PMID- 6236761 TI - Single-stage complete muscle flap closure of the postpneumonectomy empyema space: a new method and possible solution to a disturbing complication. AB - The management of postpneumonectomy empyema remains a disturbing and controversial area in the field of thoracic surgery. Many methods have been described and have had varying degrees of success. We present a series of 5 consecutive patients who underwent single-stage complete muscle flap closure of the pneumonectomy space with extrathoracic muscle flaps and omental grafts between October, 1981, and April, 1983. Two men and three women ranging from 37 years to 64 years old underwent such a closure from 3 to 13 months after original resection. Two patients had associated bronchopleural fistula. Prior to closure, 3 patients were managed with chest tubes and 2 with a modified Eloesser procedure. All operations were single-stage procedures, and all wounds closed primarily, with no permanent tubes or chest wall openings. There was no morbidity or mortality, and no subsequent operation has been required. Single-stage complete muscle flap closure of the postpneumonectomy empyema space has not been described previously, and we think it offers a possible solution to this potentially fatal complication. PMID- 6236760 TI - Measures of functional ability (disability) in arthritis in relation to impairment of range of joint movement. AB - In the World Health Organisation's supplementary classification of the consequences of disease a distinction is made between impairments, such as are related to the site and nature of joint involvement, and any disabilities in everyday activities to which these may give rise. This paper considers the application of these ideas to people with arthritis by examining the extent of graded relationship between individual impairments, reflected by limitations in the range of joint movement, and the number or type of disabilities. Ninety-five people with three different types of arthritis were studied. A 41-item disability questionnaire was completed. Most of the variation was described by only 24 of the latter items. These fell into five broad functional groups--predominantly concerned with mobility, bending down, manual dexterity, bending the arm, and reaching above the head. The constituent activities could be scaled in order of difficulty of accomplishment. Aggregated scores for each of the functional groups were correlated with observed ranges of motion in relevant joints, and the ordering of difficulty was related to decreasing ranges of movement. These findings shed light on the genesis of disability and have implications for the development of more sensitive, specific, and simple methods of assessment in rheumatology. Appreciation of how disability relates to the localisation of disease manifestations provides a means for evaluating current methods of functional assessment and exposes potential biases in such appraisals. PMID- 6236762 TI - Modifications in the testis steroidogenic pathways in rats fed with cottonseed flour. AB - Suppression of the testicular T production by effect of the CSF has been previously reported. Changes in the testicular content of intermediates and precursors of T biosynthesis were determined in rats fed during 28 days with diets containing 25,35 and 50% of CSF and compared with a defated cottonseed flour diet group and a control Purina-chow diet group. Also described were modifications during a six wk post CSF diet period. The results showed a diminution in pregnenolone and progesterone testicular content to a third and a half of the control values (21.5 and 19.3 pg/mg of protein respectively). Other compounds in the delta 5 pathway, 17 hidroxypregnenolone and dehydroepiandrosterone were undetectable since the 35% CSF diet, the 17 hidroxyprogesterone diminished to undetectable values only with the maximal (50%) CSF content diet. During the post CSF diet period all the steroids showed a tendency toward the control values. The 25% CSF content diet group reached the initial contents; other groups presented different recovery degrees. The most affected was the 50% diet group with a direct effect of the CSF on the testicular androgen steroidogenesis affecting both the delta 4 and the delta 5 pathways. PMID- 6236759 TI - Eosinophil cationic protein in inflammatory synovial effusions as evidence of eosinophil involvement. AB - Eosinophils are seldom noted in inflammatory synovial fluids but are reported to infiltrate the synovial tissue in inflammatory arthritides. To elucidate a possible role for eosinophils in inflammatory joint reactions the concentrations of eosinophil cationic protein (ECP)--a specific granule protein from eosinophils -were measured by radioimmunoassay in 90 synovial fluids from patients with various inflammatory arthritides (rheumatoid arthritis, reactive and crystal arthritides, Reiter's disease and psoriatic arthropathy). In the same specimens lactoferrin was measured as an indicator of neutrophil-involved inflammation. In comparison with the normal circulating levels of ECP and lactoferrin the measured synovial fluid concentrations of both proteins were considerably raised in all patient groups with inflammatory joint diseases in contrast to patients with non inflammatory arthritides. There was a striking positive correlation between the ECP and lactoferrin synovial fluid concentrations. These data indicate that eosinophil activation is prominent in inflammatory joint reactions and is linked to the activation of neutrophils. The regulation of degranulation or secretion by eosinophils is unknown. Our in-vitro studies showed that peripheral blood isolated neutrophils as well as eosinophils degranulated when exposed to IgG complexes. However, eosinophil degranulation was modest compared with neutrophil degranulation. These data suggest that neutrophil phagocytosis of, for example, immune complexes may be one major mechanism in neutrophil degranulation but that other factors determine the appearance of eosinophil products in inflammatory synovial effusions. The possible modulatory or harmful role of eosinophils in inflammatory joint disease can at present only be speculated on. PMID- 6236763 TI - Interaction of dexamethasone and dehydroepiandrosterone on testicular ascorbic acid and cholesterol in prepubertal rat. AB - A sharp decline of cholesterol and ascorbic acid in the immature testicular tissues was observed after treatment with two dosages of dexamethasone (DXM) i.e., 20 and 40 micrograms i.p. for 10 days daily to 10-day old rats weighing around 40gms. Reversal of these effec s was noted with the concurrent administration of 80 micrograms dehydroepiandrosterone (DEAT) along with both doses of DXM over a similar period. However, 20 micrograms of DEAT was found to be ineffective when administered concurrently with DXM in either of the dosage levels demonstrate the functional roles of ascorbic acid and cholesterol in the prepubertal rat testis. PMID- 6236765 TI - Acute arthritis during isotretinoin treatment for acne. AB - Treatment with isotretinoin (retinoic acid), which is frequently used in the control of acne, is associated with transient arthralgias in up to 16% of patients. We encountered two cases of acute, aseptic arthritis of the knee in male patients receiving isotretinoin, during the third week and third month of therapy. Synovial fluid obtained from one of the patients was noninflammatory. The drug concentration in the synovial fluid was 131 ng/mL--a level that was compatible with diffusion from the blood (simultaneous serum concentration, 229 ng/mL). Arthritis resolved in both patients without sequelae, despite continuation of drug treatment in one of them. This observation indicates that arthritis with joint effusion may complicate isotretinoin use; it also suggests that alternative measures should be considered before administering the drug to patients with rheumatologic disorders. PMID- 6236764 TI - The housing of the disabled and non-disabled elderly in Wales. AB - The Welsh Housing and Dwelling Survey examined housing conditions of a sample of 45,000 households in the principality. In this paper the quality of dwellings inhabited by the disabled and non-disabled elderly throughout Wales is described. It is demonstrated that disabled elderly have a lower standard of housing than their non-disabled counterparts. PMID- 6236766 TI - Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty of a coronary artery with a total occlusion. AB - Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty has become an accepted therapeutic modality for patients with coronary artery disease. Until the present, its use has been restricted to vessels that are subtotally obstructed. We recently successfully utilized coronary angioplasty in a patient with a totally occluded coronary artery. The experience is described and criteria proposed for the selection of patients with totally obstructed coronary arteries for coronary angioplasty. PMID- 6236767 TI - [Results of coronary transluminal angioplasty following Prinzmetal's angina or fixed stenosis with associated spasm]. AB - Transluminal coronary angioplasty (TCA) was carried out in 130 patients (109 men and 21 women) with an average age of 51 years (range 20 to 76 years) between April 1980 and December 1982. The most commonly affected artery was the LAD (100). All patients were on heparin, coronary vasodilators and calcium antagonists before the procedure, and on calcium antagonists and platelet antiaggregant drugs after TCA. The material and methods used were those described by Gruntzig. In this population, we identified a group of patients, Group I, with fixed stenosis and associated coronary spasm--either Prinzmetal angina (13 cases, 6 of which had both ST-T elevation and other ECG changes) or spontaneous spasm with a variable degree of stenosis (2 cases). The stenosis remained greater than or equal to 70% in all cases after intracoronary injection of nitrate derivatives. There were no differences between this group and that of fixed stenosis (Group II) with respect to age and type of diseased vessel (although the right coronary artery was more commonly involved in cases of spasm). The overall primary success rate was 72.8% (14/15--93%--in Group I, and 85/121--70.2%--in Group II: no statistically significant difference). The angiographic relapse rate at 6 months was significantly higher in Group I (8/12: 67%) than in Group II (15/63: 23.8%) p less than 0.02. When "redilatation" with stable success is taken into consideration the difference is not significant (33% and 22.2% respectively). The relapses may be dissociated in Group I (2 cases with recurrent spastic angina and normal angiography).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6236768 TI - [Cardiac relaxation in experimental chronic myocardial hypertrophy: role of the sarcoplasmic reticulum]. AB - The relaxation phase was studied in normal rat hearts submitted to chronic myocardial pressure and/or volume overload (stenosis of the abdominal aorta, aortic regurgitation, aorto-caval fistula) and in spontaneously hypertensive rats, some of which also had aorto-caval fistulae. Four indices were chosen to quantify the relaxation phase: maximal velocity of relaxation during contraction with preload alone, the negative peak of the derivative of isometric tension, and two other indices testing the sensitivity of the relaxation phase to other conditions of load. The first two indices were found to be depressed during chronic myocardial overload, especially with aorto-caval fistulae and mixed overload. On the other hand, the other two indices of the degree of sensitivity to the relaxation load by two different methods showed no significant difference between chronically overloaded and control hearts, though changes were observed after acute hypoxia. These two indices are related to morphological development and to the functional state of the sarcoplasmic reticulum. These results suggest that the rate of calcium uptake by the sarcoplasmic reticulum is reduced during chronic myocardial overload but that the myocardium retains its ability to regulate the relaxation phase with respect to time and the degree of total load. This property disappears temporarily after hypoxia when the heart behaves like frog myocardium which has practically no sarcoplasmic reticulum. PMID- 6236769 TI - Effect of dichloromethylene diphosphonate (Cl2-MDP) on bone resorption induced by PHA-stimulated human mononuclear cells in organ culture. AB - Human mononuclear cells stimulated by PHA caused resorption of fetal rat bones in tissue culture. Non-adherent cells alone failed to produce substantial bone resorbing activity. The mixed culture of adherent and non-adherent cells (1:40) produced significant bone mineral resorption in vitro. The bone resorption induced by human mononuclear cells stimulated by PHA required the presence of living bone tissue in culture. The bone resorbing effect caused by PHA-stimulated cells was blocked by dichloromethylene diphosphonate at 10(-5) M concentration, but mononuclear cells preincubated in diphosphonate containing media were capable to resorb fetal rat bone in tissue culture. PMID- 6236770 TI - An unusual kind of muscular and skeletal involvement in a heroin addict. A case report. AB - After a brief review of the infectious complications that frequently occur in heroin users, the authors report a case of chronic osteomyelitis affecting the ulnar diaphysis bilaterally. Musculo-cutaneous dystrophic lesions were also present and resulted in forced flexion of the distal phalanges of fingers 2-5. The most likely pathogenetic development discussed. PMID- 6236771 TI - "Vespers Curse" night pain--the bane of Hypnos. PMID- 6236772 TI - Aneurysms of a double velour aortic graft. AB - Aneurysms of vascular prostheses have been repeatedly described as focal or general dilatations. These can be secondary to preimplantation trauma to the graft or to late fiber degeneration. Follow-up of double velour knitted Dacron grafts have shown a significant absence of aneurysm formation, which has been attributed to the increased encapsulation around the graft. We report multiple aneurysm formation six years after implantation in such a graft, a condition that, to our knowledge, has not been described previously. Subsequent macroscopic and scanning electron microscopic examination of the explant disclosed broken textile fibers and distortion of the graft in the area of the aneurysms. The location of the aneurysms and the lack of history or evidence of trauma led us to believe that this was primary fiber degeneration of the graft. PMID- 6236775 TI - Scheduled versus unscheduled disability under the Worker's Compensation Act of Arizona. PMID- 6236774 TI - Practical pointers for physicians who treat industrial patients. PMID- 6236773 TI - Neuritic uptake and transport of antiviral drugs modifying herpes simplex virus infection of rat sensory neurons. AB - The neuritic uptake and transport of three antiviral drugs were studied in a cell culture system with dissociated cells of rat dorsal root ganglia. Cultured sensory neurons extended neuritic projections which penetrated a vacuum grease sealed diffusion barrier in the culture. The peripheral infection with herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 1 (McIntyre) resulted in uptake and transport of HSV by neuritic extensions causing a neuronal infection inside the diffusion barrier. By varying the route of administration and concentration of drug and by manipulating the nerve cell culture system, neuritic uptake and transport also of the antiviral drugs (acyclovir, adenine-arabinoside and foscarnet) were demonstrable. The findings are discussed in relation to axonal transport and antiviral treatment of HSV infections of the nervous system. PMID- 6236776 TI - [Electrocardiographic aspects of the conversion of incomplete left bundle branch block type 1a in complete bundle branch block and vice versa]. PMID- 6236777 TI - [Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Electrocardiographic analysis of ventricular depolarization]. PMID- 6236778 TI - Differential perceptual-spatial impairment in Huntington's and Alzheimer's dementias. AB - Because the severity of memory disorders exhibited by neuropsychiatric patients overshadows other cognitive deficiencies, we explored the visuoperceptual and constructive abilities of patients with Alzheimer's (AD) or Huntington's (HD) disease. The tasks assessed directional sense with reference to egocentric space, as well as visuodiscriminative and constructive skills of patients and matched controls. A double dissociation was found: the performance of patients with AD was found to be significantly impaired on tasks involving extrapersonal perception and construction but not on the test of egocentric space. In contrast, visuoconstructive performance by patients with HD was not significantly impaired, while salient deficits were apparent when manipulation of personal space was required. These differential patterns of defects may have been aligned with neuropathologic changes in different cortical and subcortical structures, respectively, in patients with AD and HD. PMID- 6236779 TI - Dissociations between skill learning and verbal recognition in amnesia and dementia. AB - Patients with Huntington's disease (HD), patients with alcoholic Korsakoff's syndrome, and normal control subjects were compared on tests of skill learning (mirror reading) and verbal recognition. Like previously reported results, the patients with Korsakoff's syndrome acquired the mirror-reading skill at a normal rate but were severely impaired in their recognition of the words used on the mirror-reading task. In contrast to the amnesic patients, the demented patients with HD were retarded in their ability to acquire this skill but showed normal verbal recognition. Besides emphasizing substantial differences in the anterograde substantial differences in the anterograde memory disorders of these two patient populations, the results suggest that the memory disorder of patients with HD may appear much more severe when recall rather than recognition test paradigms are employed. This failure of recall by the patients with HD may be due to an inability to generate strategies necessary to search their short- and long term memories. PMID- 6236780 TI - Blood-ocular and blood-brain barrier function in streptozocin-induced diabetes in rats. AB - Edetic acid labeled with chromium 51 was injected intravenously in normal rats and in rats with streptozocin-induced diabetes. One hour after the injection the animals were killed and the concentrations of edetic acid 51Cr in vitreous body, retina, and brain were determined. No significant difference was observed between the two groups for either tissue. In a second series, a mixture of tritiated 1 glucose and aminohippuric acid tagged with carbon 14 was injected instead of edetic acid. A substantial accumulation of aminohippuric acid 14C compared with tritiated 1-glucose was observed in the vitreous body and the brain of diabetic rats in comparison with the control group. It is concluded that untreated streptozocin-induced diabetes in rats for one to two weeks will not cause a generalized increase in the permeability of the blood-ocular or the blood-brain barriers, but organic acids may accumulate in the vitreous body as well as in the brain as a consequence of reduced outward transport through these barriers. PMID- 6236781 TI - Corneal nerve alterations in diabetes mellitus. AB - The morphologic status of corneal innervation was studied in rats with streptozocin-induced diabetes. Animals were killed at 1, 4, 16, and 36 weeks. Corneal innervation was studied by light and electron microscopy using nonspecific cholinesterase reaction, gold chloride impregnation, and plastic embedded sections. Increased irregularity in the periodicity of nerve fiber beading was observed in diabetic corneas with gold impregnation. Ultrastructural evidence of irregularities in the basal lamina of Schwann cells was demonstrated in 16- and 36-week-old diabetic animals, along with occasional axonal degeneration. These alterations constitute a constellation of early pathologic manifestations in the innervation of diabetic cornea. To our knowledge, this study represents the first demonstration of neural changes in diabetic corneas as well as nerve fiber changes in an avascular tissue in diabetes. PMID- 6236782 TI - Injectable collagen for augmentation of facial areas. AB - We treated 87 patients with injectable collagen during a period of 2 1/2 years. Intradermal augmentations were found to be particularly valuable in frown grooves, the groove between the cheek and the lips and chin, the groove beneath the malar prominence, and the groove just lateral to the labial commissure, and for enhancement of malar pads or prominences. Less successfully treated were fine lines, postrhinoplastic depressions, and punched-out, depressed scars. The augmentations are less permanent, more painful, and more costly than those provided by subdermal injections of silicone, but injectable collagen is available generally for these purposes and injectable silicone is not. Problems of allergy also are drawbacks to the use of injectable collagen. Even with its disadvantages, however, injectable collagen is presently valuable in total care of aging faces and certain scarring. PMID- 6236783 TI - Rehabilitation of a quadriplegic professional singer. Use of a device to provide abdominal muscle support. AB - Abdominal muscle support is essential for singing. Nevertheless, it has been possible to rehabilitate a professional singer who sustained a C-5 fracture and quadriplegia. The device that has been developed has restored his ability to support singing and has improved respiratory function substantially. It appears to have potential usefulness for restoring effective coughing in other quadriplegic patients. PMID- 6236784 TI - Laparoscopic removal of displaced intra uterine devices. PMID- 6236786 TI - Eye Operated Keyboard. PMID- 6236785 TI - Application of lasers in medicine. PMID- 6236788 TI - Abnormal T-cell subpopulations in hemophilic patients receiving factor VIII concentrates from voluntary donors. AB - Recently, Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) has been reported in hemophiliacs in the USA, Canada and Spain, and this has caused considerable concern amongst hemophiliacs regarding the use of factor VIII concentrates. The aim of this study was to determine whether hemophiliacs in Australia have T lymphocyte subpopulation changes similar to those observed in patients with AIDS. Factor VIII produced in Australia is derived from a totally volunteer blood donor system and none of the hemophiliacs in this study had received commercial blood products. For the hemophiliacs, the T-helper cell to T-suppressor cell ratio was 1.1 +/- 0.6 (mean +/- SD) which was significantly less (p less than 0.001) than that of the normal age and sex-matched controls. There was a significant relative (p less than 0.001) and absolute (p less than 0.05) reduction of the helper cell subsets and a significant relative (p less than 0.001) and absolute (p less than 0.05) increase of the suppressor cell subsets, in the hemophiliacs compared to the normal controls. There appears to be no correlation between the amount of factor VIII therapy received during the last three years and the T-cell subset changes. All patients with Christmas disease had T-cell subsets within the normal range. All patients were negative for the hepatitis B virus antigen, but all were positive for the antibody, indicating that there had been exposure to the hepatitis virus in all cases. Cytomegalovirus titres were uniformly low and immunoglobulin levels were normal.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6236787 TI - Flowmeter for high frequency ventilation on the pneumotach principle. PMID- 6236789 TI - Extrinsic plasminogen activator: a new principle in fibrinolysis. AB - Fibrinolysis in the blood seems to be regulated by specific molecular interactions between plasminogen activator, plasmin(ogen), fibrin and alpha 2 antiplasmin. Plasmin(ogen) contains structures, called lysine-binding sites, which mediate its interaction with fibrin and with alpha 2-antiplasmin. In plasma normally no systemic plasminogen activation by plasminogen activator occurs and plasmin, if formed, is efficiently neutralized by alpha 2-antiplasmin. When fibrin is formed in plasma a small amount of plasminogen is bound via its lysine binding sites. Plasminogen activator present or released in the blood is strongly adsorbed to the fibrin and activates bound plasminogen in situ. The formed plasmin, which remains transiently complexed to fibrin, both by its lysine binding site(s) and active center, is only slowly inactivated by alpha 2 antiplasmin, while plasmin which is released from digested fibrin is rapidly and irreversibly neutralized. The fibrinolytic process thus seems to be triggered by and confined to fibrin. An important consequence of this molecular model for fibrinolysis is that specific thrombolysis is only expected with the use of a specific activator, like the physiological extrinsic plasminogen activator, which confines the activation of plasminogen to the fibrin surface. Recent in vitro and in vivo studies have confirmed that the extrinsic plasminogen activator (tissue type) might constitute a superior thrombolytic agent compared to urokinase or streptokinase. PMID- 6236790 TI - Immunosuppression as a desired pharmacological effect. AB - The immunosuppressive efficacy of the antineoplastic antibiotic Aclacinomycin A (ACM) was assayed in several test models for humoral and cellular immune response. Humoral immune response, measured as splenic plaque forming cells (PFC) in vitro and in vivo was markedly inhibited by ACM. Suppression of PFC in vivo could be observed when ACM was administered together with the antigen, or three days later. Concomitantly a decrease of circulating antibodies to SRBC was obtained. No effect on T-cell mediated immune response - DTH reaction and allogeneic cytotoxic lymphocytes - or on skin transplantation or a T-cell mediated autoimmune disease, EAE, was observed. ACM beneficially influenced the course of the disease in two GvH-models (hemolytic anemia and immune complex glomerulonephritis) which lead to a B-cell mediated autoimmune disease with fatal outcome. It was concluded that the therapeutic effect of ACM on GvH-disease is mediated via its suppression of the B-cell response. PMID- 6236793 TI - Increasing and maintaining rates of teacher praise. A study using public posting and feedback fading. PMID- 6236791 TI - Aclacinomycin inhibits suppressor cells in vivo and in vitro. AB - After the intraperitoneal injection of aclacinomycin into mice, a variety of immune responses are increased. The responsible mechanism is the elimination of suppressor cells since aclacinomycin inhibits the expression of tolerance to SRBC in mice and diminishes the capacity of spleen cells from SRBC-tolerant mice to inhibit the response of normal animals upon adoptive transfer, either when injected to the donor tolerant mice before the cell transfer or when in vitro incubated with the tolerant cells for 1 hour: both treatments had eliminated suppressor cells from the tolerant spleen cell population. PMID- 6236792 TI - Factors determining the utilization of glucose in isolated rat hearts. AB - Glucose utilization by the isolated rat heart is restricted by flux through the membrane transport, phosphofructokinase and glyceraldehyde-3-P dehydrogenase reactions. These reactions can be accelerated by hormones, such as insulin, by mechanical factors, such as the "garden-hose effect", heart rate, and perhaps ventricular pressure development, and by oxygen deprivation. Glucose utilization is restricted by provision of exogenous non-carbohydrate substrates and by utilization of endogenous substrate stores. Isolated hearts perfused as Langendorff preparations with or without a ventricular drain, working hearts, and ischemic preparations are useful in defining rate-limiting steps and mechanisms of regulation. However, when glucose is supplied as the sole exogenous substrate, its rates of utilization do not reflect the more complex in vivo situation where competing substrates such as fatty acids are preferentially utilized. PMID- 6236795 TI - "Booster shots" following didactic parent training. Effects of follow-up using graphic feedback and instructions. PMID- 6236796 TI - Stimulus control and chronic pain behavior. A study of low back and head/neck/face pain patients. PMID- 6236794 TI - Reduction of disruptive behaviors in mentally retarded adults. A self-management approach. PMID- 6236797 TI - [PGM1 subtyping in a single hair with isoelectric focusing in polyacrylamide gel]. PMID- 6236798 TI - Activation of Neurospora crassa soluble adenylate cyclase by calmodulin. AB - The soluble form of adenylate cyclase was extracted and purified from wild-type Neurospora crassa mycelia. Brain or N. crassa calmodulin significantly enhanced this enzyme activity in assay mixtures containing Mg2+-ATP as substrate. EGTA reverses this calmodulin activation. PMID- 6236800 TI - Cell-mediated immunity in the aetiopathogenesis of insulin-dependent (type I) diabetes mellitus. AB - We have investigated lymphocyte subpopulation levels with monoclonal antibodies in newly diagnosed insulin-dependent (type I) diabetics and in unaffected siblings of type I diabetic probands with islet cell antibodies. Our data show that in newly diagnosed diabetics there is 1) a decrease in T cells with suppressor phenotype, 2) an increase of T cells with cytotoxic phenotype and 3) the presence of "activated" T cells. The latter have also been found in some unaffected siblings with islet cell antibodies. These results suggest that cellular immune alterations are present, not only at diagnosis, but also in normal but "susceptible" individuals. "Activated" T cells could be a "disease" marker, but their better definition in terms of specificity should be established. PMID- 6236799 TI - Quantification of energy consumption in platelets during thrombin-induced aggregation and secretion. Tight coupling between platelet responses and the increment in energy consumption. AB - The involvement of metabolic energy in platelet responses was investigated by measuring the energy consumption during aggregation and secretion from dense, alpha- and acid-hydrolase-containing granules. Gel-filtered human platelets were stimulated with different amounts of thrombin (0.05-5.0 units X ml-1). At various stages during aggregation and secretion the energy consumption was measured from the changes in metabolic ATP and ADP following abrupt arrest of ATP resynthesis. Stimulation with 5 units of thrombin X ml-1 increased the energy consumption from 6.2 +/- 0.9 to 17.8 +/- 0.4 mumol of ATPeq. X min-1 X (10(11) platelets)-1 during the first 15 s. It decreased thereafter and returned to values found in resting cells after about 30 s. With 0.05 unit of thrombin X ml-1, the energy consumption accelerated more slowly and took at least 3 min before it normalized. A strong positive correlation was found between the velocities of the three secretion responses and the concurrent energy consumption (a) at different stages of the responses induced by a given dose of thrombin, and (b) at different secretion velocities initiated by different amounts of thrombin. When, at different stages of the responses, the extent of secretion was compared with the amount of energy that had been consumed, a strong linear correlation was found with the increment in energy consumption but not with the total energy consumption. This correlation was independent of the concentration of thrombin and indicated that complete secretion from dense, alpha- and acid-hydrolase-containing granules was paralleled by an increment of 4.0, 6.5 and 6.7 mumol of ATPeq. X (10(11) platelets)-1, respectively. An energy cost of 0.7 mumol of ATPeq. X (10(11) platelets)-1 was calculated for separate dense-granule secretion, whereas the combined alpha- and acid-hydrolase granule secretion required 5.3 mumol of ATPeq. X (10(11) platelets)-1. There was no correlation between energy consumption and optical aggregation. In contrast, the rate of single platelet disappearance, which is a measure for the early formation of small aggregates, correlated closely with the rate of energy consumption. Compared with secretion, however, the energy requirement of single platelet disappearance was minor, since 2mM-EDTA completely prevented this response but decreased the energy consumption only slightly. An increase of 0.5-1.0 mumol of ATPeq. X (10(11) platelets)-1 was seen before single platelet disappearance and the three secretion responses were initiated, indicating an increase in energy consuming processes that preceded these responses.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6236801 TI - Autoimmune response directed to pancreatic beta cells in rats induced by combined treatment with low doses of streptozotocin and complete Freund's adjuvant. AB - Despite the existence of circumstantial evidence, a direct proof of an autoimmune basis for beta cell destruction in human type I diabetes has not yet been obtained. The present study was designed to test on Wistar rats whether a low dose streptozotocin (SZ) treatment in combination with complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) could be a useful approach to induce an autoimmune response to beta cells. Rats were weekly injected i.p. either with CFA or with SZ alone or with both CFA and SZ. Only the SZ-CFA-treated rats developed severe hyperglycemia. In these animals the pancreatic insulin content was nearly completely depleted. Only in SZ CFA-treated rats cytotoxic autoantibodies to islet cells were found. The results show that in this new model of type I diabetes autoimmune reactions are involved in the destruction of beta cells. PMID- 6236803 TI - Biotin-labelled DNA: a novel approach for the recognition of a DNA binding site on cell membranes. AB - There have been several independent observations over the last decade attesting to the association of deoxyribonucleic acid with the surface membranes of certain mammalian cells. In general these findings have generated little interest as it has usually been assumed that this association is a non-specific epiphenomenon. In this study, we show that the isolated cell membranes of human neutrophils possess a DNA binding molecule with a molecular weight of 30,000. The techniques used to demonstrate this DNA binding molecule, namely the use of biotinylated DNA to probe proteins that have been electrophoretically separated and blotted onto nitrocellulose, should find a general applicability in identifying putative cell surface receptors. PMID- 6236802 TI - Morphologic-histochemical characterization of inflammatory cells in insulitis induced by multiple subdiabetogenic doses of streptozotocin in C57B1/KsJ mice. AB - Insulitis can be induced in C57B1/KsJ mice by injection of subdiabetogenic doses of streptozotocin (SZ, 40 mg/kg body weight) on five consecutive days. Subsequent to the resulting insulitis, a persisting diabetes syndrome develops. This experimental diabetes is regarded as a model of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in man (IDDM, type I). Insulitis is considered as a cellular immune reaction against the beta cells in the islets of Langerhans. This paper describes an ultrastructural study showing that lymphoid cells destroy the outer membranes of beta cells. No histochemical indications of the presence of T lymphocytes were found. Some of the lymphocytes are characterized as natural killer cells (NK cells) according to their histochemical and ultrastructural features. PMID- 6236804 TI - Isolation and nucleotide sequence of a cloned cardionatrin cDNA. AB - A cloned cDNA which codes for the C-terminal 62 residues of the precursor molecule for the atrial natriuretic factor, cardionatrin, has been isolated and sequenced. The nucleotide sequence confirms the amino acid sequence of cardionatrin 1-28 previously determined, and positions this peptide at the C terminal end of the precursor just two residues away from the termination codon. PMID- 6236805 TI - Alzheimer's disease and Down's syndrome: sharing of a unique cerebrovascular amyloid fibril protein. AB - The cerebrovascular amyloid protein from a case of adult Down's syndrome was isolated and purified. Amino acid sequence analysis showed it to be homologous to that of the beta protein of Alzheimer's disease. This is the first chemical evidence of a relationship between Down's syndrome and Alzheimer's disease. It suggests that Down's syndrome may be a predictable model for Alzheimer's disease. Assuming the beta protein is a human gene product, it also suggests that the genetic defect in Alzheimer's disease is localized on chromosome 21. PMID- 6236806 TI - The interaction of calmodulin with human and avian spectrin. AB - An air-driven ultracentrifuge was used to investigate the calcium-dependent interaction of 125I-calmodulin with human and avian spectrins. The equilibrium constants (Ka) for the interaction between calmodulin and human spectrin dimer and tetramer under non-denaturing conditions were estimated to be 4.6 X 10(4) M-1 and 7.3 X 10(4) M-1, respectively. The denaturation of human spectrin by urea (5 M) increased the Ka for calmodulin to 4.6 X 10(5) M-1. The value of Ka for the interaction of calmodulin with avian spectrin dimer under non-denaturing conditions was 5.1 X 10(5) M-1. A bifunctional reagent cross-linked both avian spectrin and human spectrin to calmodulin in a calcium-dependent manner. PMID- 6236807 TI - Protein kinase C: rapid enzyme purification and substrate-dependence of the diacylglycerol effect. AB - Protein kinase C has been purified by a rapid method resulting in a high-yield, stable enzyme preparation. The catalytic and regulatory properties of this enzyme preparation were characterized employing histone H1 and HMG8, a proteolytic fragment of H1. The enzyme had a lower Km for HMG8, and was stimulated more effectively by diacylglycerol and phorbol esters in the presence of this substrate. Furthermore, these activators markedly increased the Km for HMG8 but not for H1. Protein kinase C and cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase phosphorylate serine residues which are located in different, single tryptic peptides from HMG8. PMID- 6236808 TI - Regulatory effects of adenosine diphosphate on the activity of the plasma membrane ATPase of corn roots. AB - Plasma membrane enriched microsomal fraction was isolated from corn root cells by sucrose density centrifugation. The ATPase activity as measured by the release rate of inorganic phosphate, was decreased by the presence of modifiers which included diethylstilbestrol, vanadate, N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, and miconazole. The presence of ADP also decreased the rate of ATP hydrolysis. Furthermore, a preincubation of the membrane with ADP significantly reduced the inhibitory effects of these membrane ATPase modifiers. Since the modes of interaction of these modifiers with the enzyme are different, the results suggest that the binding of ADP may stabilize the plasma membrane ATPase in a modifier insensitive state. PMID- 6236809 TI - Endogenous phosphorylation of retinal photoreceptor outer segment proteins by calcium phospholipid-dependent protein kinase. AB - A calcium phospholipid-dependent protein kinase (C-kinase) activity was detected in the soluble fraction of rod outer segments (ROS) of the bovine retina. The enzyme required calcium, phosphatidylserine (PS) and diacylglycerol for maximal activity. In the presence of calcium and PS, C-kinase endogenously phosphorylated proteins with molecular weights of 95,000, 91,000, 31,000, 21,000, 19,000, 18,000, 16,000, 14,000 and 11,000. Addition of diolein in the reaction mixture further enhanced the endogenous phosphorylation of these proteins. Retinal was found to inhibit the phosphorylation of endogenous proteins by C-kinase in a concentration dependent manner. Half-maximal inhibition of enzyme activity was obtained at a retinal concentration of about 12 microM. These results suggest that calcium, phospholipids and the C-kinase enzyme may play an important role in the functional regulation of rod photoreceptors and, with retinal, perhaps in the visual process as well. PMID- 6236810 TI - Fructose 2,6-bisphosphate, a potent regulator of carbohydrate metabolism, inhibits trehalose phosphorylase from protist Euglena gracilis. AB - Partially purified trehalose phosphorylase (EC 2.4.1.64) from Euglena gracilis SM ZK was inhibited by fructose 2,6-bisphosphate in both synthetic and degradative directions. Ki value for trehalose phosphorolysis was 1.2 microM and that for trehalose synthesis was 0.5 microM. Functions of fructose 2,6-bisphosphate in Euglena, particularly in the regulative mechanism of the two reserve carbohydrates, paramylon and trehalose, are discussed. PMID- 6236812 TI - A distinct beta-hexosaminidase isoenzyme separated from human leukemic lymphocytes and myelocytes. AB - The beta-hexosaminidase (EC 3.2.1.30) isoenzymes were separated on the basis of their carbohydrate moieties by an affinity chromatography using immobilized phenylboronate. Normal lymphocytes and granulocytes contain two major forms of beta-hexosaminidase, acute lymphoblastic, acute myeloblastic, chronic lymphocytic and chronic myelocytic leukemic cells contain an extra, distinct isoenzyme of beta-hexosaminidase. This extra isoenzyme may be a marker for the leukemic conversion of hematopoietic tissue. PMID- 6236813 TI - Calelectrins are a ubiquitous family of Ca2+-binding proteins purified by Ca2+ dependent hydrophobic affinity chromatography by a mechanism distinct from that of calmodulin. AB - The calelectrins, a heterogeneous group of three new Ca2+-binding proteins of M 67 000, 35 000 and 32 500, copurify with calmodulin during Ca2+-dependent hydrophobic affinity chromatography (Sudhof et al., Biochemistry, in press, 1984). This property is exploited for the rapid purification of all three calelectrins including for the first time the Mr 35 000, from commercially available acetone powders from several bovine tissues (heart, liver, brain, pancreas and testis). The nature of the Ca2+-dependent interaction of the calelectrins with hydrophobic affinity matrices has been investigated. As with calmodulin, the Ca2+-binding sites of all three purified calelectrins can be probed with Tb3+ which binds to them in a stoichiometric, saturable and Ca2+ displaceable manner. However, using several hydrophobic fluorescence probes which bind to the proteins, contrary to calmodulin no Ca2+-dependent exposure of hydrophobic sites could be detected in any of the three purified proteins. Therefore the Ca2+-dependent purification of the calelectrins on hydrophobic affinity columns seems not to involve the surface exposure of hydrophobic sites and the calelectrins have in this respect little similarity to calmodulin. PMID- 6236811 TI - Synthesis of rat transferrin in Escherichia coli containing a recombinant bacteriophage. AB - Using mRNA from rat liver a cDNA library was constructed in lambda gt11Amp3. Immunochemical screening identified 15 clones producing transferrin. The identity of two clones was confirmed by nucleotide sequencing, which also indicated a presegment rich in hydrophobic amino acids but lack of a prosegment in precursor transferrin. A 920 base pair insert in one clone corresponded to 84% of the N terminal domain of transferrin, which was synthesized as a hybrid protein with bacterial beta-galactosidase. A 1540 base pair insert in another clone corresponded to the N-terminal plus 50% of the carboxy terminal domain of transferrin. The product of this clone possessed only antigenic properties of transferrin. PMID- 6236814 TI - Synthesis of atrial natriuretic peptides and studies on structural factors in tissue specificity. AB - Two atrial natriuretic peptides, containing 25 amino acid residues, ANF IV, and 21 amino acid residues, ANF V, were synthesized by a solid phase method and oxidized with K3Fe(CN)6 to form a disulfide bridge. Synthetic ANF IV exhibited a natriuretic activity with an ED50 70 times higher than that of synthetic ANF V, whereas the longer peptide was only 2.5 times more potent in chick rectal smooth muscle relaxant activity. Both peptides inhibited norepinephrine-induced contraction of rabbit aorta. The shorter peptide, ANF V, was 300 times less efficient than the longer peptide, ANF IV. It is proposed that the carboxy terminal of ANF IV seems to have a modulating effect on receptor affinity in kidney and vascular tissue. PMID- 6236815 TI - N-acetylglucosamine 6-sulfate residues in keratan sulfate and heparan sulfate are desulfated by the same enzyme. AB - We have prepared a series of oligosaccharides to assess the substrate specificity of exo sulfatase activity in cultured human skin fibroblasts toward N acetylglucosamine-6-sulfate residues present in keratan sulfate (KS) and heparan sulfate (HS). Non-reducing end alpha-GlcNAc-6-SO4 residues (derived from HS) were desulfated by a specific sulfatase that when deficient leads to the accumulation of HS and the expression of mucopolysaccharidosis type IIID (Sanfilippo D). Under the in vitro conditions studied there are two pathways for the degradation of oligosaccharides containing non-reducing end beta-GlcNAc-6-SO4 residues (derived from KS). In one pathway beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase produces GlcNAc-6-SO4 which is then desulfated. In the other pathway the beta-GlcNAc-6-SO4 residue is desulfated and then cleaved by the action of an beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase activity. There was no detectable beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase activity in fibroblasts from a Tay-Sachs patient to produce GlcNAc-6-SO4 from beta-GlcNAc-6 SO4 residues in KS of oligosaccharides. There was approximately 10% of this normal beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase activity in fibroblasts from a Sandhoff patient, suggesting the A and S forms may be involved in this reaction. Desulfation of GlcNAc-6-SO4 residues in KS, HS and the monosaccharide GlcNAc-6 SO4 was considerably reduced or not detected in fibroblasts from a Sanfilippo D patient. As KS was not detected in the urine of a Sanfilippo D patient we propose that KS degradation in these patients proceeds by the action of a beta-N acetylglucosaminidase activity to produce GlcNAc-6-SO4 which is not further degraded.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6236816 TI - The modulation of Ca-ATPase activity and protein-lipid interactions in the sarcoplasmic reticulum by ATP. AB - The time-course of ATP hydrolysis by Ca-ATPase of purified sarcoplasmic reticulum is biphasic with an initial rate over 1 to 2 min exceeding the subsequent rate. Hydrolysis of GTP and p-nitrophenylphosphate (pNPP) occurs at a slower but constant rate. Arrhenius plots of GTP, p-nitrophenylphosphate and initial rates of ATP hydrolysis all exhibit a discontinuity at about 20-24 degrees C; no breaks are observed in plots of the slower phase of ATP hydrolysis. The effect of substrate hydrolysis on the disposition of the enzyme in the membrane was examined by monitoring the quenching of tryptophan fluorescence by pyrene present in the hydrophobic domain of the membrane. The presence of ATP, but not GTP, prevents a temperature-dependent decrease in fluorescence quenching suggesting that ATP binding causes a change in the protein domain in contact with the membrane lipids. PMID- 6236817 TI - Altered property of sarcoplasmic Ca-ATPase from vitamin E-deficient dystrophic rabbit is associated with the protein and not the lipid component. AB - The effects of temperature on reconstituted sarcoplasmic Ca-ATPase preparations from vitamin E-deficient dystrophic and control rabbits were studied. Delipidated Ca-ATPase from vitamin E-deficient sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) reconstituted with lipid of control SR exhibited properties similar to preparations reconstituted with lipid of vitamin E-deficient SR, namely low Ca-ATPase activity and a linear Arrhenius plot of enzyme activity. On the other hand, delipidated control SR Ca ATPase reconstituted with lipid of vitamin E-deficient SR showed a reduction in activity but retained the discontinuity in the Arrhenius plot. These results indicated that the altered property of sarcoplasmic Ca-ATPase from vitamin E deficient dystrophic rabbit was associated with the protein and not the lipid component. PMID- 6236819 TI - Properties of the bovine striatal synaptic vesicles ATPase. AB - Synaptic vesicles prepared from bovine corpus striatum exhibit an ATPase activity that is insensitive to ouabain and specific inhibitors of mitochondrial ATPase, but that is stimulated by proton ionophores and inhibited by sulfhydryl reagents. Low concentrations of orthovanadate, DCCD and tributyl tin are also ineffective as inhibitors of the vesicle-associated activity. The properties of the synaptic vesicle enzyme suggest that this ATPase may be similar to that of clathrin-coated vesicles, and to one of the activities described in preparations of adrenal chromaffin granule membranes. PMID- 6236818 TI - Analysis of chromatin of the brain of young and old rats by micrococcal nuclease and DNase I. AB - Micrococcal nuclease (MCN) and DNase I were used to study the conformational changes in chromatin of the brain of rats of different ages. Purified nuclei and chromatin were digested separately by MCN and DNase I. Kinetics of digestion of chromatin by MCN are similar for young, adult and old rats. Also agarose gel electrophoresis of DNA fragments do not show any differences. The kinetics of digestion with DNase I, on the other hand, are greater and faster for 20-week old rats than for 90-week old rats. High performance denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis reveals that a greater amount of smaller fragments of DNA are produced in the 20-week old rats than in the 90-week. These conformational changes occur in the chromatin during aging. PMID- 6236820 TI - Alterations and reversibility of digestive and absorptive functions of rat intestine following medroxyprogesterone acetate administration. AB - The long term (90 days) effects of medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) administration on the digestive and absorptive functions of the small gut have been investigated in female albino rats. The uptake of glucose and amino acids was found to be significantly increased while Ca++ uptake decreased following MPA treatment (35 mg/kg body weight). The observed increase in glucose uptake might be due to carrier mediated transport in enterocytes and not to a change in cell number. The Michaelis constant for glucose uptake was not altered by MPA. Activities of brush border membrane disaccharidases, leucine aminopeptidase and basolateral membrane enzyme Na+, K+-ATPase were significantly increased in response to MPA treatment. It was observed that these biochemical alterations caused by MPA in intestinal digestive and absorptive functions were reversible by 5 weeks after termination of the drug treatment. The action of the drug appears to closely resemble that of known effects of glucocorticoids on intestinal mucosa. PMID- 6236821 TI - Effect of medroxyprogesterone acetate on the intestinal absorptive functions in protein-deficient rat. AB - Effect of Medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) at a dose level of 35mg/Kg body weight per week for four weeks on the intestinal uptake of nutrients viz glucose, amino acids, (alanine and leucine), calcium and zinc has been investigated in protein-deficient female rats. The administration of MPA was found to enhance significantly the uptake of glucose and amino acids in both the pair-fed and the protein-deficient rats. In contrast, calcium uptake was depressed as a result of treatment with the drug as well as protein-deficiency. The uptake of zinc was not affected on drug administration. This steroidal contraceptive caused elevation in sodium-dependent glucose uptake, while the sodium-independent uptake remained unaltered. The kinetic parameters of glucose and leucine uptake indicate that MPA might be inducing the transport carrier protein of these nutrients as elevation in Vmax of these nutrients transport system was observed following its administration. PMID- 6236822 TI - Mechanism of action of hydralazine on vascular smooth muscle. AB - Myofibrils prepared from bovine carotid arteries were used to investigate the hypotensive action of hydralazine. These myofibrils contained an ATPase and Protein Kinase which was half-maximally activated by 1 microM Ca2+. Hydralazine inhibited Ca2+ dependent ATPase and phosphorylation. Half maximal inhibition occurred at 2 X 10(-5) M hydralazine. This inhibition was accounted for by a specific reduction in the phosphorylation of a protein which migrated with the myosin P-light chains (Mr, 20,000). Phosphorylation of the latter protein is generally thought to be obligatory for muscle contraction. Thus an inhibition of this phosphorylation by hydralazine in vivo is likely to contribute to the hypotensive action of the drug. PMID- 6236823 TI - Bullous lupus erythematosus rash worsened by Dapsone. PMID- 6236824 TI - Chondroclasts and osteoclasts at subchondral sites of erosion in the rheumatoid joint. AB - Histochemical and ultrastructural studies of bone-cartilage junctions from 21 rheumatoid knee joints have demonstrated the presence of both osteoclasts and chondroclasts. Significant erosions of bone and mineralized cartilage were observed in 15 specimens, and 6 showed localized erosions of unmineralized (hyaline) cartilage. Chondroclasts, defined by their close association with both mineralized and unmineralized cartilage, were morphologically and histochemically similar to osteoclasts. Our observations suggest that these multinucleate cells play a crucial role in subchondral tissue destruction, but that erosion of unmineralized cartilage is primarily the result of synovial pannus tissue. PMID- 6236825 TI - Aortic enzymes and lactate in high altitude-raised and cholesterol-fed rabbits. AB - Fourteen male rabbits born at elevation 4000 ft (first experimental series) were transferred at age of 2 months to elevation 12470 ft and raised there for 18 weeks. Half of the animals remained on a commercial rabbit chow (group H) while the other half was on the same diet supplemented with cholesterol (group C). Eight male rabbits raised at sea level served as controls (group S). Intima-media homogenates from the thoracic aortas were assayed for lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), malate dehydrogenase (MDH), lipoamide dehydrogenase, pyruvate kinase (PK), phosphofructokinase (PFK) and the lysosomal hydrolases beta-glucuronidase and N acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase (NAGA). Aortic lactate and glucose were also measured. Thirty-two male rabbits (second experimental series) were subdivided into 4 groups. Rabbits were fed a cholesterol-supplemented diet not only at high altitude (8 rabbits matching group C) but also 8 animals raised at sea level. The degree of atherosclerosis in the aortas of these 4 groups was assessed by measuring the aortic cholesterol contents. Plasma cholesterol was also determined. In the aortas of the rabbits of group H the activity of PK was significantly elevated, and the activity of the lysosomal hydrolases significantly decreased compared with aortas of group S rabbits. There was no difference in the other enzyme activities or in the aortic glucose and lactate content of these groups. Cholesterol feeding of the animals of group C resulted in a significantly increased activity of the lysosomal hydrolases as well as of LDH and PK. The lipid analyses (second experimental series) revealed a trend to a lower concentration of aortic cholesterol in the high altitude than in the sea level animals, both fed a cholesterol diet, in spite of the higher plasma cholesterol concentrations in the high altitude animals. The low aortic lysosomal hydrolase activities in the high altitude rabbits are in accord with their comparatively lower susceptibility to experimental atherosclerosis. This metabolic feature may be due to a lower degree of exposure of these aortas to injurious factors, such as infections or lower blood pressure. The elevated activity of PK without increased lactate content in group H animals seems to parallel the well-known general adaptation of the organism to high altitude hypoxia, and does not indicate a metabolic switch toward anaerobic glycolysis. PMID- 6236826 TI - [Epidemiological behavior of rubella in the province of Cordoba, Argentina]. PMID- 6236828 TI - [A simplified method of evaluating hospital performance]. PMID- 6236829 TI - [Life expectancy of the problem drinker in Santiago, Chile. IV. Relation to his occupational category]. PMID- 6236830 TI - [Indications and contraindications for immunization]. PMID- 6236831 TI - [Use of the ELISA method in the diagnosis of cysticercosis]. PMID- 6236827 TI - [Does the physician adequately inform his patients?]. PMID- 6236832 TI - [Correlation between immunopathologic renal lesions and circulating immune complexes in generalized lupus erythematosus in children]. PMID- 6236833 TI - [Topical therapy of acne: clinical trial of a new device with galvanic and magnetic action]. PMID- 6236834 TI - [Inhibition of the calcium-sequestering activity of liver microsomes in monobromotrichloromethane poisoning: preliminary studies on possible mechanisms]. AB - The mechanisms by which the in vivo intoxication with BrCCl3 inhibits the calcium sequestration activity of liver microsomes were studied. The initial rate of Ca2+ transport is inhibited by nearly 50% in the intoxicated rats as compared to the controls; this indicates that the active transport of Ca2+ is markedly affected by the intoxication. The microsomal ATPases activities both in the presence and in the absence of Ca2+ were not decreased at all in the intoxicated animals. However, the Ca2+-dependent extra ATP hydrolysis shows a different kinetics in the BrCCl3-poisoned rats with respect to the controls. The release of Ca2+ from Ca2+ loaded liver microsomes is higher in the intoxicated animals. It seems therefore that the increased permeability of the membrane to Ca2+ contributes to some extent to the haloalkane-induced inhibition of the calcium sequestration activity of liver microsomes. PMID- 6236837 TI - Down syndrome revisited. AB - Down syndrome has been known for a long time. Today Down children are mostly cared for in boarding facilities for patients with different handicaps. As a result, it is often neglected that Down children have a unique specific personality. To call attention to it was the aim of the present paper. PMID- 6236836 TI - [Left ventricular hypertrophy in elderly hypertensive patients: electroechocardiographic correlates]. PMID- 6236835 TI - [Coronary transluminal angioplasty: technic, indications and results]. PMID- 6236838 TI - Chlormezanone in low back pain and wry neck--an "analgesic sparing" effect. PMID- 6236840 TI - All human "True" helper cells (Leu 3+ 8-) express acid alpha naphthyl acetate esterase. PMID- 6236839 TI - Inverse correlation between age related abnormalities of T-cell immunity and circulating thymosin alpha 1 levels in haemophilia A. AB - T-cell immunity and serum levels of thymosin alpha 1, beta 2-microglobulin, circulating immune complexes, serum immunoglobulin levels, antibodies to hepatitis surface or core antigen, and to cytomegalovirus, and Epstein-Barr virus were investigated in 51 patients with haemophilia A ranging in age from 2 to 52 years. All patients had received commercial U.S. lyophilized concentrates of antihaemophilic factor (AHF). The mean helper/cytotoxic-suppressor (OKT4/OKT8) ratio of 11 pre-adolescents (1.6 +/- 0.4 SE) was not significantly different from that of age matched normal controls. In contrast, the mean OKT4/OKT8 ratios of 13 adolescent (1.2 +/- 0.2 SE) and 23 adult (0.8 +/- 0.1 SE) haemophiliacs were significantly reduced. Abnormalities of lymphocyte mitogenic responses were found only in adult haemophiliacs. Nine individuals treated with commercial U.S. prothrombin complex concentrates for antibodies directed against AHF or for haemophilia B had normal mean OKT4/OKT8 values. The mean serum thymosin alpha 1 levels for each age category was similar to that of age matched controls; however, regression analysis revealed a significant relationship between elevated thymosin alpha 1 levels and decreased OKT4/OKT8 ratios in adult haemophiliacs (P = 0.012). Although the mean serum level of beta 2-microglobulin was significantly increased in the adult haemophiliac group, there was no correlation between OKT4/OKT8 ratios and any of the other serologic parameters studied. PMID- 6236841 TI - Ratio of amniotic fluid acetylcholinesterase to pseudocholinesterase as an antenatal diagnostic test for exomphalos and gastroschisis. AB - Amniotic fluid samples from eight pregnancies associated with exomphalos or gastroschisis and 24 with open spina bifida were used to confirm the hypothesis that when the alpha-fetoprotein and gel acetylcholinesterase tests are positive in an amniotic fluid not visibly contaminated with blood, the two defects can be distinguished by scanning densitometry of the electrophoretic gel. The ratio of the density for the acetylcholinesterase band in the gel to that of the pseudocholinesterase band was less than or equal to 0.10 for the open abdominal wall defects and 0.27 or more for open spina bifida. Based on this and a previously reported series, a cut-off level of about 0.15 is suggested. PMID- 6236842 TI - Acute anterior uveitis, ankylosing spondylitis, back pain, and HLA-B27. AB - One hundred and sixty-nine patients with acute anterior uveitis were studied for the presence of HLA-B27 tissue type, radiological evidence of ankylosing spondylitis, and a history of back pain. 60% were male; 45% were HLA-B27+. The male:female ratio in the HLA-B27+ group was the same as in the whole group. 24% had radiological evidence of ankylosing spondylitis, and, of these, 83% were HLA B27+ while 17% were HLA-B27-. There was a definite correlation between the severity of the ankylosing spondylitis and preponderance of males in the HLA-B27+ group of patients. Significant back pain occurred in 60% of HLA-B27+ patients but in only 14% of HLA-B27- patients. The importance of the selection of patients and of consistency in the use of diagnostic criteria in studies relating to ankylosing spondylitis and acute anterior uveitis is stressed. PMID- 6236843 TI - T-lymphocyte subpopulations in uveitis. AB - Following an inconclusive study of differential lymphocyte counts in uveitis in which the peripheral blood was examined only once in the course of each case a longitudinal study has been carried out in patients with acute anterior uveitis. Venous blood lymphocytes were examined at intervals throughout the course of the illness, from presentation until six months later. No changes in E-rosetting T cells or total lymphocyte values have been found, nor any variations from normal in the helper (OKT4)/suppressor (OKT8) T-cell ratio. Random studies performed in a sample of patients with heterochromic cyclitis have also failed to reveal consistent abnormalities in peripheral blood lymphocyte parameters. PMID- 6236844 TI - Hydrodynamic studies on the streptokinase complexes of human plasminogen, Val442 plasminogen, plasmin, and the plasmin-derived light (B) chain. AB - Sedimentation velocity and sedimentation equilibrium studies have been carried out on the Glu- and Lys-plasminogen-streptokinase complexes as well as on the complexes formed by Val442-plasmin and the light (B) chain of plasmin. Sedimentation equilibrium molecular weights are consistent with a 1 to 1 molar complex in all cases and give values consistent with the differences in size of the plasminogen moieties. Sedimentation velocity determinations in the presence of protease inhibitors give values consistent with the conformational differences already reported for the Glu- and Lys-plasminogen molecules. However, unlike Glu plasminogen, the addition of epsilon-aminocaproic acid or lysine does not alter the conformation of the Glu-plasminogen complex. The values of the sedimentation coefficient and the molecular weight of the plasmin and the Val442-plasmin streptokinase complexes increase to those of a dimer when determined in the absence of active-site inhibitors but return to monomer values when these inhibitors are added. Thus, dimer formation requires the presence of an available active site in at least one of the two molecules involved and is reversible. PMID- 6236845 TI - Acceleration of the NAD cyanide adduct reaction by lactate dehydrogenase: the equilibrium binding effect as a measure of the activation of bound NAD. AB - The binary complex of NAD and lactate dehydrogenase reacts reversibly with cyanide to produce a complex (E X NAD-CN) whose noncovalent interactions are similar to those in the E X NADH complex (where E is one-fourth of the tetrameric dehydrogenase). The reaction apparently is a simple bimolecular nucleophilic addition at the 4 position of the bound nicotinamide ring; viz., cyanide does not bind to the enzyme prior to reaction. The value of the dissociation constant for E X NAD-CN is about 1 X 10(-6) M and is independent of pH over the range of 6-8. The equilibrium constant for the reaction of cyanide with E X NAD is about 400 fold larger than that for the nonenzymic process after a statistical correction. This increment in Ke is accounted for by a 220-fold increase in the rate of the forward enzymic reaction (20 M-1 s-1) as compared with an approximately 2-fold decrease for the reverse process (9 X 10(-5) s-1). Thus, the increased value of the rate constant for bond formation in the enzymic reaction is attributed to an equilibrium binding effect that is translated almost entirely into a rate effect on that step (bond formation). Since the nonenzymic reaction is sensitive to solvent composition, this equilibrium binding effect likely is produced by environmental effects at the nicotinamide/dehydronicotinamide part of the coenzyme binding site on the enzyme. PMID- 6236846 TI - Characterization of soluble polymerized fibrin formed in the presence of excess fibrinogen fragment D. AB - Polymerization of fibrin is inhibited in the presence of excess fibrinogen fragment D. This study was performed in order to test the proposal that these inhibited solutions contain short linear polymers of fibrin (protofibrils) whose further polymerization is prevented as a result of attachment of a molecule of fragment D at each end. Negative-stain electron micrographs, intrinsic viscosities, angular dependence of light scattering intensity, and kinetics of the increase of the scattered intensity with polymerization all were found to support the above model of the inhibited polymer and to reflect the presence of a broad distribution of the lengths of the inhibited fibrin polymers. Furthermore, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of polymers stabilized with gamma-dimer cross-links introduced by factor XIIIa demonstrates cross linking of fragment D to fibrin oligomers. Cross-linked polymers have been separated from excess fragment D by gel exclusion chromatography in 1 M urea. (In the absence of urea, the purified polymers very slowly associate to fibers.) The observation of the relative stability of short isolated inhibited protofibrils and the decrease or absence of inhibition of fibrin gelation when fragment D was added to solutions in which fibrin had been given time to polymerize to long protofibrils demonstrate that the inhibitory effect of fragment D occurs as a result of inhibition of the first fibrin polymerization step. PMID- 6236847 TI - The bioenergetics of methanogenesis. AB - The reduction of CO2 or any other methanogenic substrate to methane serves the same function as the reduction of oxygen, nitrate or sulfate to more reduced products. These exergonic reactions are coupled to the production of usable energy generated through a charge separation and a protonmotive-force-driven ATPase. For the understanding of how methanogens derive energy from C-1 unit reduction one must study the biochemistry of the chemical reactions involved and how these are coupled to the production of a charge separation and subsequent electron transport phosphorylation. Data on methanogenesis by a variety of organisms indicates ubiquitous use of CH3-S-CoM as the final electron acceptor in the production of methane through the methyl CoM reductase and of 5-deazaflavin as a primary source of reducing equivalents. Three known enzymes serve as catalysts in the production of reduced 5-deazaflavin: hydrogenase, formate dehydrogenase and CO dehydrogenase. All three are potential candidates for proton pumps. In the organisms that must oxidize some of their substrate to obtain electrons for the reduction of another portion of the substrate to methane (e.g., those using formate, methanol or acetate), the latter two enzymes may operate in the oxidizing direction. CO2 is the most frequent substrate for methanogenesis but is the only substrate that obligately requires the presence of H2 and hydrogenase. Growth on methanol requires a B12-containing methanol-CoM methyl transferase and does not necessarily need any other methanogenic enzymes besides the methyl-CoM reductase system when hydrogenase is present. When bacteria grow on methanol alone it is not yet clear if they get their reducing equivalents from a reversal of methanogenic enzymes, thus oxidizing methyl groups to CO2. An alternative (since these and acetate-catabolizing methanogens possess cytochrome b) is electron transport and possible proton pumping via a cytochrome-containing electron transport chain. Several of the actual components of the methanogenic pathway from CO2 have been characterized. Methanofuran is apparently the first carbon-carrying cofactor in the pathway, forming carboxy-methanofuran. Formyl-FAF or formyl-methanopterin (YFC, a very rapidly labelled compound during 14C pulse labeling) has been implicated as an obligate intermediate in methanogenesis, since methanopterin or FAF is an essential component of the carbon dioxide reducing factor in dialyzed extract methanogenesis. FAF also carries the carbon at the methylene and methyl oxidation levels.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6236849 TI - Precautions when determining kinetically the order of inactivation of enzymes by functionally irreversible inhibitors. AB - The number of molecules of an irreversible inhibitor that are responsible for inactivation of a catalytic site is often deduced from the slope of a plot of the log of the apparent rate of inactivation (k') at different concentrations of inhibitor versus the log of the inhibitor concentrations. The purpose of this note is to urge caution in experimental design and interpretation if one attempts to utilize this kinetic technique to characterize the order of inactivation brought about by functionally irreversible inhibitors that initially bind reversibly to an enzyme in the process of inactivation. Representative literature cases which have utilized plots of log k' versus log [I] for this type of inactivation are discussed. PMID- 6236850 TI - Reduction of lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase, apolipoprotein D and the Lp(a) lipoprotein with the anabolic steroid stanozolol. AB - The effects of the anabolic steroid stanozolol (17-methyl-2H-5 alpha-androst-2 eno-(3,2-c)pyrazol-17 beta-ol) on lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase, apolipoproteins B and D and the Lp(a) lipoprotein were determined in a prospective study of ten normolipidemic women with postmenopausal osteoporosis. Lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase was reduced approx. 30% by 6 weeks of treatment with stanozolol (off treatment 5.1 +/- 1.2, on treatment 3.4 +/- 0.8 muml; P less than 0.02). The Lp(a) lipoprotein was reduced 65 +/- 23% by the steroid treatment (off treatment 5.5 +/- 5.5, on treatment 1.4 +/- 0.7 mg/dl; P less than 0.02). Apolipoprotein D was reduced 23 +/- 9% by the treatment (off treatment 5.9 +/- 0.9, on treatment 4.5 +/- 0.7 mg/dl; P less than 0.02). In contrast, apolipoprotein B increased slightly but insignificantly on steroid therapy (off treatment 90 +/- 21, on treatment 112 +/- 24 mg/dl). By 5 weeks after the drug was discontinued, all four of these proteins were near pretreatment levels. These significant changes in lipoprotein metabolism, combined with our previous report of reductions of HDL and particularly HDL2, suggest the need for caution in the long-term use of anabolic steroids. PMID- 6236848 TI - A Mg2+-independent high-affinity Ca2+-stimulated adenosine triphosphatase in the plasma membrane of rat stomach smooth muscle. Subcellular distribution and inhibition by Mg2+. AB - Plasma membrane enriched fraction isolated from the fundus smooth muscle of rat stomach displayed Ca2+-stimulated ATPase activity in the absence of Mg2+. The Ca2+ dependence of such an ATPase activity can be resolved into two hyperbolic components with a high affinity (Km = 0.4 microM) and a low affinity (Km = 0.6 mM) for Ca2+. Distribution of these high-affinity and low-affinity Ca2+-ATPase activities parallels those of several plasma membrane marker enzyme activities but not those of endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondrial membrane marker enzyme activities. Mg2+ also stimulates the ATPase in the absence of Ca2+. Unlike the Mg2+-ATPase and low-affinity Ca2+-ATPase, the plasmalemmal high-affinity Ca2+ ATPase is not sensitive to the inhibitory effect of sodium azide or Triton X-100 treatment. The high-affinity Ca2+-ATPase is noncompetitively inhibited by Mg2+ with respect to Ca2+ stimulation. Such an inhibitory effect of Mg2+ is potentiated by Triton X-100 treatment of the membrane fraction. Calmodulin has little effect on the high-affinity Ca2+-ATPase activity of the plasma membrane enriched fraction with or without EDTA pretreatment. Findings of this novel, Mg2+ independent, high-affinity Ca2+-ATPase activity in the rat stomach smooth muscle plasma membrane are discussed with those of Mg2+-dependent, high-affinity Ca2+ ATPase activities previously reported in other smooth muscle plasma membrane preparations in relation to the plasma membrane Ca2+-pump. PMID- 6236851 TI - Specificity of inhibition of calcium- and calmodulin-dependent protein kinase by alloxan. AB - Studies were undertaken to determine whether the effect of alloxan to inactivate a membrane-bound calcium- and calmodulin-dependent protein kinase was specific for the pancreatic islets and whether inactivation of the kinase occurred also after injection of a diabetogenic dose of alloxan into rats. The effect of alloxan was also examined on similar particulate calcium- and calmodulin dependent kinases present in two other secretory tissues, mammary acini and forebrain. Exposure of alloxan to cell-free preparations of all secretory tissues examined inhibited the calcium- and calmodulin-dependent kinase activities, suggesting that the specificity of alloxan action was not due to the presence in islets of a kinase uniquely sensitive to alloxan. To determine whether the selective effect of alloxan action was mediated at the cellular level, experiments were performed with alloxan presented to intact cells. Whereas alloxan exposure to viable cell preparations of islets and brain decreased the subsequently measured calcium- and calmodulin-dependent protein kinase activity, the activity measured in mammary acini exposed to these alloxan concentrations was unaffected. Injection (i.v.) of a diabetogenic dose of alloxan (50 mg/kg) produced an immediate (10 min) and selective inactivation of the calcium- and calmodulin-dependent protein kinase in pancreatic islets but had no effect on the similar kinases measured in brain and mammary acini. These results indicate that the unique sensitivity of islets to alloxan may result from the ability of alloxan to rapidly gain intracellular access and then inactivate this kinase activity. The selective effect of alloxan injection on this islet protein kinase is consistent with the hypothesis that inactivation of the kinase by alloxan is related to its diabetogenic effect in vivo. PMID- 6236852 TI - Nicotinamide methylation and its relation to NAD synthesis in rat liver tissue culture. Biochemical basis for the physiological activities of 1 methylnicotinamide. AB - The mode of [14C]nicotinamide conversion to NAD and 1-methylnicotinamide and the effects of exogenous 1-methylnicotinamide on this metabolic conversion were studied using rat liver slices incubated in a chemically defined culture medium. It was shown that at the physiological nicotinamide concentrations tested (11-500 microM), 1-methylnicotinamide is preferentially produced, rather than NAD. Upon increasing nicotinamide concentration to the levels that cause cytotoxicity (1-10 mM and higher), the rate of NAD synthesis dramatically increased and reached a level 6-fold higher than that of 1-methylnicotinamide. A dose-dependent inhibition (up to 60%) of NAD synthesis was seen by the exogenous addition of 1 methylnicotinamide; the degree of inhibition is affected also by the concentration of nicotinamide present as a precursor. A large depletion of intracellular ATP, associated with a marked accumulation of NAD, occurred in slices in response to the addition of high amounts of nicotinamide. However, the loss of ATP was overcome, when nicotinamide was given together with 1 methylnicotinamide. Finally, 1-methylnicotinamide per se was proven active in regulating cell growth by comparing the cytosolic activity of 1 methylnicotinamide oxidation of cultured RLC cells with that of rat liver. Thus, the previously observed growth stimulation of hepatic cells by 1 methylnicotinamide can reasonably been explained by its ATP-sparing effect due to the inhibition of NAD synthesis, a reaction which requires ATP. PMID- 6236853 TI - Nicotinamide methylation. Tissue distribution, developmental and neoplastic changes. AB - The distribution of cytosolic activity of nicotinamide:S-adenosylmethionine methyltransferase (nicotinamide methylase, EC 2.1.1.1) in normal tissues from adult rat and mouse and in tumors and the change in the enzyme activity during the development of rat tissues were studied. (1) Rat liver exhibited the highest nicotinamide methylase activity among all adult tissues tested; other rat tissues, like adrenal, pancreas, kidney, brain and mouse tissues, had only less than 15% of the adult rat liver activity. (2) 3 days before birth, fetal liver showed a very low nicotinamide methylase activity (2% of adult rat liver), which, however, increased already 1 day before birth and reached the adult level on the day 28 after birth. (3) In a variety of hepatomas and ascites tumors, an inverse correlation, with some exceptions, between tumor growth rate and nicotinamide methylase activity could be seen. In all hepatomas, with the exception of Morris hepatoma 5123tc, nicotinamide methylase activity was significantly decreased in comparison to normal adult rat liver. The highly malignant Zajdela hepatoma, Yoshida sarcoma, sarcoma 180 and Ehrlich ascites tumor methylated nicotinamide only at a negligibly low rate. (4) Cultured RLC cells (an established rat liver cell line) from the stationary growth phase or G1-arrested RLC cells had about half of the adult rat liver activity, yet the activity was 70% higher than that of the logarithmically growing RLC cells. PMID- 6236855 TI - A grating laser microscope for measurements of blood flow velocity in microvessels. AB - A velocimeter for measurements of blood flow velocity in microvessels was constructed with a microscope, a grating, a photomultiplier and a wave-period measuring circuit. A differential detection system seemed to be useful when the probing area was extremely small. A pulsating flow velocity contour and the velocity reduction caused by an application of noradrenaline were on-line recorded in an arteriole of foot web of frogs. PMID- 6236854 TI - Heterogeneity of cell-associated and secretory heparan sulphate proteoglycans produced by cultured human neuroblastoma cells. AB - Biosynthetically radiolabelled heparan sulphate proteoglycans have been isolated from the growth medium and the cell lysate of a human neuroblastoma cell line (CHP100). Chromatography on Sepharose CL-4B identified two heparan sulphate proteoglycans in the medium (Kav 0.220 and 0.389), whereas in the cell lysate the major proteoglycan species were more heterogenous and of a smaller overall molecular size (Kav 0.407) than the medium-derived counterparts. Chromatography on Sepharose CL-6B of free heparan sulphate glycosaminoglycan chains showed that the majority of cell-layer-derived material heparan sulphate 2, Kav = 0.509) was smaller than medium heparan sulphates (heparan sulphate 1 and heparan sulphate 2, Kav 0.230 and 0.317). Analysis of the patterns of polymer sulphation by nitrous acid treatment, gel chromatography and high-voltage electrophoresis established that in each heparan sulphate fraction there was on average 1.1 sulphate residues per disaccharide with an N:O sulphate ratio of 1.1. Heparan sulphate in the medium had a high proportion of di-O-sulphated disaccharides in regions of the chain with repeat disaccharide sequences of structure GlcA-GlcNSO3, whereas cell associated material was enriched in di-O-sulphated tetrasaccharides of alternating sequences GlcA-GlcNAc-GlcA-GlcNSO3. The identification of several populations of heparan sulphate proteoglycans differing in molecular size and glycosaminoglycan fine structure may reflect the functional diversity of this family of macromolecules in the nervous system. PMID- 6236856 TI - Biorheological methods employing the Weissenberg rheogoniometer. AB - The theories and spatial concepts of Karl Weissenberg have been applied to the science of biorheology by employing the Weissenberg Rheogoniometer. Two main types of experimental methods have been used for the characterization of the bulk shear properties of biorheological fluids: (A) In continuous laminar shearing motion, the tangential and normal components of stress are measured at a series of rates of shear. From these parameters, the apparent viscosity, an elastic modulus and a recoverable strain, are calculated as functions of the rate of shear. In this continuous shear experiment, the physical structure present in the material at any given rate of shear may be quite different from the material in its rest state or at other rates of shear. (B) In harmonic oscillatory motion, the material is subjected to a harmonic laminar shear about its rest state at a number of frequencies and small strain amplitudes. From these experiments the dynamic moduli of viscosity and elasticity are calculated. Preparations of biological materials, such as whole blood and systems of blood components, both in health and disease states, have been investigated using methods A and B, together with studies of surface layers of plasma proteins at interfaces. PMID- 6236857 TI - A technique for continuously measuring filtration resistance at constant pressure. AB - A device for continuously measuring, at constant pressure, the filtration resistance of different liquid suspensions is described. It is made up of two main parts: flowmeter system and electronic circuit. The flowmeter consists of a capillary tube and a sensitive pressure transducer, and has a time response of 100 ms and a linearity of +/- 1% from 1 uls-1. The electronic part allows the calculation and recording of flow versus time and filtration resistance versus the volume which passes through the filter. Principle, technical characteristics of the system and examples of recording with several Red Blood Cell populations are reported. PMID- 6236858 TI - The erythrocyte-stasis-meter (ESM): a device to determine a universal parameter for the flow characteristics of blood. AB - A new experimental method is described which permits estimation of flow ability of blood: measuring the yield shear stress with the erythrocyte-stasis-meter (ESM). This method is based on the phenomenon that pathological blood under low pressure behaves like a solid body. Knowing the pressure difference at the transition point from solid to fluid behavior and the geometry of the channel, the yield shear stress can be calculated. PMID- 6236859 TI - Fibrinogen competes with von Willebrand factor for binding to the glycoprotein IIb/IIIa complex when platelets are stimulated with thrombin. AB - Two monoclonal antibodies--one that blocks ristocetin-induced platelet binding of von Willebrand factor to glycoprotein Ib and one that blocks adenosine diphosphate-induced binding of fibrinogen to the glycoprotein IIb/IIIa complex- were used to assess the binding site(s) for von Willebrand factor when platelets are stimulated with thrombin or adenosine diphosphate (ADP). Neither agonist induced binding of von Willebrand factor to glycoprotein Ib. ADP and thrombin induced von Willebrand factor binding exclusively to the glycoprotein IIb/IIIa complex. The results of the site of binding of von Willebrand factor with thrombasthenic platelets were consistent with the data obtained with the monoclonal antibodies and normal platelets. Human fibrinogen caused complete inhibition of thrombin-induced von Willebrand factor binding to normal platelets at concentrations considerably below that found in normal plasma. We conclude that thrombin induces very little binding of exogenous von Willebrand factor to platelets at normal plasma fibrinogen levels. PMID- 6236860 TI - Differentiation stimuli induce receptors for plasma fibronectin on the human myelomonocytic cell line HL-60. AB - Plasma fibronectin (Fn) induces phagocytosis of C3b-opsonized sheep erythrocytes (EC3b) by human peripheral blood monocytes. However, Fn does not induce erythrophagocytosis of EC3b by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN), unless the PMN have been exposed to C5a or N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine. Because of this difference, it is of great interest to examine Fn binding to cells that possess the capacity to differentiate into either granulocytes or monocytes. Hence, we have examined the consequences of Fn binding to the human myelomonocytic cell line, HL-60, both before and after in vitro differentiation of the HL-60, along a monocytoid or a granulocytoid pathway. Fn receptors were not found on undifferentiated HL-60, but several differentiating agents promoted the HL-60 binding of Fn-coated microspheres (Fn-ms). The peak of Fn-ms binding occurred four to five days after the induction of differentiation with dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), and two days after induction by PMA. In addition, cells that differentiated along either the monocytoid or the granulocytoid pathway showed a marked increase in the phagocytosis of both IgG-coated erythrocytes (EA) and EC3b when they were exposed to Fn. Comparison of the effects of anti-Fn monoclonals on the binding of Fn-ms to the monocytes, PMN, and HL-60 showed that the same monoclonals block Fn-ms-binding and Fn-induced EC3b phagocytosis by all three cell types. Two monoclonal antibodies, M1/70 and A6F10, directed against membrane antigens on PMN and monocytes, inhibited Fn-ms binding. Both also blocked Fn-induced EC3b ingestion by these cells. However, neither antibody blocked Fn-ms binding or EC3b ingestion by differentiated HL-60. We conclude that differentiated HL-60 cells express functionally active Fn receptors, similar to monocytes and activated PMN, which, nonetheless, differ from normal cells in their association with the antigens recognized by M1/70 and A6F10. PMID- 6236862 TI - Serum complement levels. AB - The value of serum complement measurements to the clinician continues to increase as the intricate pathway is unravelled. These measurements are important in the investigation and monitoring of immunologically mediated diseases. PMID- 6236861 TI - Clinical and biochemical effects of long-term vitamin A administration to a patient with Hurler-Scheie compound. AB - Vitamin A decreased the urinary excretion of total mucopolysaccharides in a patient with Hurler-Scheie compound (type IH-S mucopolysaccharidosis). Vitamin A was administered orally in daily doses of 1,000 to 2,000 IU/kg body weight for 10 years. Adverse clinical responses such as irritability, bone pain, dizziness, vomiting and diarrhea appeared in the patient and were controlled by reduction of the dose administered. No clinical improvement was observed, although it is possible that the clinical course of the disease may have been retarded. PMID- 6236864 TI - The use of Doppler ultrasound to locate "pulseless" femoral arteries. PMID- 6236865 TI - Abdominal wall bile staining and 'biliscrotum' after retroperitoneal perforation following endoscopic sphincterotomy. PMID- 6236863 TI - Effects of p-chlorophenylalanine on the sensitivity of rat intestine to agonists and on intestinal 5-hydroxytryptamine levels during Nippostrongylus brasiliensis infection. AB - Infection of rats with the nematode N. brasiliensis caused non-specific increases in maximum response of isolated intestine to acetylcholine and 5 hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), and a specific subsensitivity to 5-HT. Intestinal levels of 5-HT, measured fluorimetrically, increased approximately 2 fold during infection. Treatment of infected rats with parachlorophenylalanine (PCPA) depleted the gut of 5-HT, and prevented the specific subsensitivity to the amine but not the increases in maximum response. Depletion of intestinal 5-HT did not prevent the immune expulsion of the parasites. It is concluded that the specific subsensitivity of the gut is due to the elevated levels of 5-HT during infection, but that the increased maximum responses are due to some other factor. Further, the lack of effect of PCPA on parasite rejection casts doubt on the proposed role of 5-HT in this process. PMID- 6236866 TI - Work for the disabled. PMID- 6236867 TI - Symptoms and signs: physical disease or illness behaviour? AB - The amount of treatment received by 380 patients with backache was found to have been influenced more by their distress and illness behaviour than by the actual physical disease. Patients showing a large amount of inappropriate illness behaviour had received significantly more treatment (p less than 0.001). The symptoms and signs of illness behaviour need to be clearly distinguished from those of physical disease, and better assessment of illness behaviour is essential if everyday clinical practice is to fulfil the ideal of treating patients as well as diseases. PMID- 6236868 TI - Where now for therapeutic apheresis? PMID- 6236869 TI - Fixed drug eruption masquerading as herpes simplex labialis. PMID- 6236870 TI - Failure of long term luteinising hormone releasing hormone treatment for prostatic cancer to suppress serum luteinising hormone and testosterone. PMID- 6236871 TI - Bronchoconstriction induced by ipratropium bromide in asthma: relation to hypotonicity. PMID- 6236872 TI - Abnormal activity of polymodal receptors induced by clioquinol (5-chloro-7-iodo-8 hydroxyquinoline). AB - To know possible involvement of primary afferents in paresthesia of subacute myelo-optico-neuropathy (SMON), influence on polymodal receptor, a type of nociceptor, of its causal agent clioquinol (5-chloro-7-iodo-8-hydroxyquinoline) was tested using in vitro testis-superior spermatic nerve preparations of dogs. Exposure to clioquinol (greater than 1 microM) induced an abnormal bursting activity in polymodal receptors, and thereafter the receptors were sensitized to an algesic stimulus (hypertonic saline) and gained a new sensitivity to cold, while pure mechanoreceptors were not influenced. On the other hand, clioquinol glucuronide (100 microM), a detoxicated form, had no such effects. These results are consistent with several clinical observations of sensory aberrations, suggesting possible involvement of the abnormal activities of polymodal receptors in SMON paresthesia. PMID- 6236873 TI - ARH-77, an established human IgG-producing myeloma cell line. II. Growth kinetics, clonogenic capacity, chalone production, xenogeneic transplantations, and response to melphalan. AB - The growth curve of monolayer cultures of ARH-77 cells, a human myeloma cell line propagated in vitro, is represented by an everbending curve on a semilogarithmic plot; however, the curve can be fitted by a straight line on a linear-linear plot. This unusual growth pattern suggests that, instead of a fixed proportion of the population, a fixed number of ARH-77 cells divide per unit time. The following are cell cycle transit time parameters calculated from percent labeled mitosis experiments: TG1, 10.0 +/- 3.5 hours; Ts, 14.3 +/- 2.3 hours; TG2, 4.3 hours; TM, 1.4 +/- 1.3 hours; and Tc, 30.0 +/- 6.1 hours. For cells exposed continuously to 3H-thymidine the values are: growth fraction, 67%; TG1, 6.5 hours; Ts, 13.0 hours; and TG2 + M, 3.0 hours. The average doubling time is 4.6 days (range, 3.8-4.7 days); after about 10 to 15 days in culture, the growth rate of freshly passaged cells declines markedly, as reflected by a growth curve with a much shallower slope. The changes are accompanied by a marked decline in the labeling index from 41.3% (range, 28.9%-53.7%) during the first 3 days of culture to less than 5% measured on day 21. Flow cytometry for DNA content-dependent cell cycle compartment distribution demonstrates an obvious decline in the proportion of S-phase cells and a marked accumulation of G2 phase cells as the cultures age. When the supernatant medium of ARH-77 cells grown for 10 days is replaced by fresh medium, a new burst of vigorous cellular growth is observed with a curve slope similar to that observed during the first 5 days of culture. If the 10-day old supernatant medium is used to set up cultures with freshly harvested ARH-77 cells, their growth curve resembles that of 10-day-old cultures. However, this supernatant medium induces no decrease in the growth rate of other human tumor cells, suggesting that inhibition of cellular growth does not result from exhaustion of nutrients, but that ARH-77 cells produce a molecular mediator that specifically inhibits the growth of these cells. ARH-77 cells could be synchronized with a single treatment of 3 or 5 mM thymidine; (dThd) and cloning efficiency was 2% to 4% in a double-layer soft agar assay. Treatment for 1 hour with increasing concentrations of melphalan produced a threshold exponential survival curve (Dq = 0.45 microgram/ml and D0 = 0.35 microgram/ml, 1 hour).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6236874 TI - A case report of T-cell lymphoma with suppressor phenotype and helper function for immunoglobulin synthesis. AB - A patient with T-cell lymphoma is presented. The morphologic features of a biopsied lymph node were consistent with adult T-cell lymphoma with hypergammaglobulinemia, and most of the lymph node cells were reactive with monoclonal antibody OKT8, which detects suppressor/cytotoxic T lymphocytes. However, in a pokeweed mitogen-driven test system in which the capability of T lymphocytes to help or suppress the differentiation of B lymphocytes is measured, the lymphoma cells induced immunoglobulin synthesis of B lymphocytes, thus providing helper function. As far as we know, this is the first report on T-cell lymphoma having suppressor phenotype and helper function for immunoglobulin synthesis. PMID- 6236875 TI - Photodynamic inactivation of selected intracellular enzymes by hematoporphyrin derivative and their relationship to tumor cell viability in vitro. AB - The photosensitivity of freshly dissociated R3230AC mammary adenocarcinoma cells was examined by measurement of the activities of selected intracellular enzymes after treatment with hematoporphyrin derivative (Hpd) and exposure to light in vitro. Enzymes selected as representative of the cytosolic cell compartment showed no loss in activity, whereas malate dehydrogenase, located in the mitochondrial matrix, displayed a modest decrease (approximately 15%) in activity. In contrast, cytochrome c oxidase and succinate dehydrogenase, enzymes associated with the mitochondrial membrane, demonstrated a very rapid and more marked inhibition of activities, approximately 45% and 25%, respectively. The time-course of inhibition of these mitochondrial membrane enzymes preceded the loss of cell viability, which displayed slower kinetics as seen by a more gradual and progressive pattern of loss in viability. These data suggest that the mitochondria are an early-affected and important intracellular site for Hpd photosensitization. PMID- 6236876 TI - Peripheral T gamma lymphocyte population in head and neck cancer. AB - Peripheral T gamma lymphocytes were measured in head and neck cancer patients and controls. The percentage was significantly higher in the 59 cancer patients than in the 46 normal controls (P less than 0.001). The 12 patients with recurrent disease had elevated percentages of T gamma lymphocytes compared with the untreated group (n = 31; P less than 0.05) and the treated, disease-free group (n = 16; P less than 0.05). Moreover, the percentage of T gamma lymphocytes was significantly higher in the 31 patients with regional lymph node metastasis than in the node-negative group (n = 28; P less than 0.05). In a total of 37 patients with squamous cell carcinoma histologically graded I, II, and III, the absolute counts and percentages of T gamma lymphocytes in the grade I group (n = 13) showed significant decreases compared with those in the grade III group (P less than 0.05; n = 6). Moreover, postoperative serial determinations of the percentage of T gamma lymphocytes in the 14 treated, disease-free patients revealed a gradual decrease of T gamma lymphocytes, whereas the five patients with recurrent disease had a tendency to increases in the percentage of T gamma lymphocytes. PMID- 6236878 TI - The calcium uptake in smooth muscle microsomal vesicles is reduced by centrifugation. AB - A membrane fraction was isolated from the smooth muscle of the pig stomach by density gradient centrifugation. It was observed that the ATP-dependent Ca uptake in this fraction was diminished if the microsomes were pelleted by differential centrifugation. The decrease of the oxalate-independent Ca uptake was relatively small, but the oxalate-stimulated Ca uptake was reduced dramatically. Evidence is presented which indicates that the selective decrease of the oxalate-stimulated Ca uptake is mainly caused by mechanical damage of the vesicles. Since the oxalate-stimulated Ca uptake can be largely preserved by avoiding pelleting during the membrane fractionation, this observation may be very useful for the further study of Ca transport in subcellular fractions of smooth muscle. PMID- 6236877 TI - In vitro functions of lymphocytes during high-dose medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) treatment. AB - The number and function of T and B lymphocytes were studied in endometrial cancer patients during 3 months' treatment with high-dose medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA). No significant changes were observed in the proportions of T and B cells or in the function of B cells during MPA treatment. At 3 months, lymphocyte blastogenic responsiveness to mitogens was slightly reduced both in patients treated with standard therapy alone (intracavitary radium and surgery) and in patients receiving additional MPA therapy. These results indicate that other factors than progesterone are responsible for the suppression of lymphocyte blastogenesis induced by mitogens during high-dose progestin treatment. PMID- 6236879 TI - Prolonged application of pressure in transluminal coronary angioplasty. AB - We investigated the morphologic structure and fluid content of atherosclerotic specimens of fresh human postmortem artery segments before and after application of a pressure of 5 atmospheres simulated by a weight of 5 kg per 1 cm2. After applying pressure in nonorganized atheromata, we noticed a marked reduction in thickness while in fibrotic atheromata we observed only smaller differences in thickness. Reduction in fluid content was significantly more pronounced in nonorganized atheromatous tissue. Reduction in thickness was closely related to reduction in weight (i e, fluid content). The time of pressure application necessary to achieve the optimal result averaged 60 sec. The conclusions drawn from these experiments were incorporated into clinical application of coronary angioplasty. Prolonged balloon inflation was applied to the last 400 out of a total of 600 coronary angioplasty procedures, performed between October 1977 and October 1983. Stenoses not sufficiently responsive to balloon inflation periods of 5-10 sec were exposed to periods of 60 sec (30-120 sec). The number of "non dilatable" stenoses was 15% with the standard short pressure procedure, but only 5% with the prolonged pressure application. No serious complications related to prolonged pressure application were observed. Thus, from experimental data and clinical experience the application of longer pressure periods appears justified and beneficial. PMID- 6236880 TI - Balloon inflation caused by contrast injection through the guiding catheter: an unusual observation during coronary angioplasty. AB - Balloon inflation caused by contrast injection through the guiding catheter has been observed during several angioplasty procedures. The phenomenon is observed when employing an 8F USCI guiding catheter in combination with an ACS dilatation catheter. Two cases demonstrating the phenomenon are described in detail, together with an in vitro experiment that illustrates and quantifies the mechanism. PMID- 6236881 TI - Mitomycin C-treated or irradiated concanavalin A-activated T cells augment the activation of cytotoxic T cells in vivo. AB - The activation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) in vivo after immunization of normal or cyclophosphamide-treated mice with allogeneic cells was strongly augmented by the administration of mitomycin C-treated or irradiated concanavalin A-activated spleen cells (Con A-spl). This effect of the Con A-spl was abrogated by treatment with Anti-Thy 1 antibody plus complement, and was therefore presumably mediated by activated "helper" T cells. (The term "helper" cell is only operationally defined in this context and indicates that the augmenting irradiation resistant T cells are obviously not CTL precursor cells). These observations indicated (i) that even the cytotoxic response against allogeneic stimulator cells suffers in vivo from insufficient "helper" T cell activity, and (ii) that the injection of Con A-spl may serve as a simple procedure to apply this "helper" activity in vivo. This procedure was at least as effective as the repeated injection of interleukin 2 (IL-2)-containing cell supernatants with up to four 30-unit doses of IL-2 per mouse. IL-2-containing cell supernatants were found to mediate similar effects only if injected into the footpads but not intravenously. This was in line with the reported observation that IL-2 has an extremely short half-life in vivo. The injection of Con A-spl was also found to augment the proliferative response in the regional lymph nodes. PMID- 6236882 TI - The mechanism of cell-mediated cytotoxicity. IV. K-76 COONa, which inhibits the activity of Factor I and of C5, inhibits early events in cytotoxic T-lymphocyte mediated cytolysis and in T-lymphocyte activation. AB - K-76 COONa is a derivative of a fungal product which blocks complement (C) mediated lysis by combining with C5 and preventing its activation to C5b. K-76 COONa can also combine with Factor I and inhibit its ability to hydrolyze C3b to iC3b. The inclusion of K-76 COONa at concentrations similar to those which inhibit C lysis blocked both murine cytotoxic-T-lymphocyte (CTL)-mediated lysis (CML) and the lectin-stimulated proliferative response of murine and human T lymphocytes. A modified cation pulse procedure has been used to determine which phases of CML were most sensitive to the drug. K-76 COONa was inhibitory when it was added to CML prior to the early Mg+2-dependent binding phase, but was much less effective when it was added at any time after the formation of CTL-target conjugates. The principal effect of the drug on the proliferative response was also exerted during an early phase of the response. K-76 COONa did not appreciably decrease the production of T-cell growth factor (TCGF), but it did inhibit the induction of TCGF receptor expression by both functional criteria, i.e., induction of responsiveness to TCGF, and by morphological criteria, i.e., the expression of the Tac antigen. Later events, such as the TCGF-dependent proliferation of cycling T cells, were less sensitive to the drug. Evidence is discussed suggesting that molecules similar to Factor I and to C3 may be involved both in the early events of CML and of T-lymphocyte activation. PMID- 6236883 TI - Studies of murine lymphocytes and alloantigens. I. Ly-6 mitogen and MLR responses. AB - Antisera to the mouse lymphocyte surface alloantigens Ly-6.1 and Ly-6.2 were used to further study the functional distribution of these antigens. After selective depletion with antiserum + rabbit complement (RC), lymph node or spleen cells from Ly-6 congenic (C3H and C3H.B6-Ly-6b) and noncongenic strains of mice were tested for: (a) their proliferative responses to T- and B-cell mitogens; and (b) their proliferative responses to alloantigens, or ability to stimulate in the MLR. Lymphoid cells required in the proliferative responses to the mitogens leucoagglutinin, concanavalin A (Con A), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and pokeweed mitogen (PWM) were Ly-6+. Lymph node responder cells in the mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) were also Ly-6+, whereas spleen stimulator cells were Ly-6-. Treatment of lymph node cells with anti-Ly-6 sera in the absence of RC had no specific blocking effect on the response to any of these mitogens. The studies indicate that the Ly-6 antigen is a potentially valuable marker for distinguishing between functionally distinct Ly-1+ T-cell subsets. PMID- 6236884 TI - Influenza virus-specific human cytotoxic T cell clones: heterogeneity in antigenic specificity and restriction by class II MHC products. AB - Human cytotoxic T lymphocytes specific for A/JAP/57 (H2N2) influenza virus were cloned from in vitro stimulations of peripheral blood lymphocytes. Analysis of the viral specificity in cytotoxic function revealed one clone that killed all type A influenza-infected targets, another clone that was specific for the hemagglutinin subtype of the immunizing influenza virus, and the third clone that demonstrated cytotoxicity restricted to the hemagglutinin of A/JAP/57 and A/JAP/62 (H2N2) and not other type A influenza strains with the H2N2 subtypes. The phenotype of these three clones was Leu 2-, Leu 3+, Leu 4+; MHC restriction of their cytotoxic function was mapped to HLA-DR by a panel of target cells as well as by inhibition of cytotoxicity with monoclonal antibodies. Proliferation of these clones, examined in a tritiated thymidine incorporation assay, was found to be driven by antigen in the absence of exogenous lymphokines. For all three clones antigen-dependent production and secretion of lymphokines with IL-2 activity was demonstrated. The antigen specificity of proliferation and factor production was shown to be identical to the pattern that each clone revealed in its cytotoxic function. PMID- 6236885 TI - A qualitative difference in the interleukin 2 (IL-2) requirement of helper and cytotoxic T lymphocytes. AB - A qualitative difference in the requirement of mouse helper and cytotoxic T lymphocytes for interleukin 2 (IL-2) was revealed by offering such cells IL-2 synthesized in Xenopus laevis oocytes that had been microinjected with messenger RNA (mRNA) encoding human IL-2. While both helper and cytotoxic mouse T-cell lines proliferate in response to the IL-2 present in medium conditioned by stimulated human lymphocytes, only helper-T-cell lines respond to human IL-2 secreted from oocytes. This result demonstrates a difference between helper and cytotoxic T lymphocytes in their response to IL-2. The growth response of murine cells shows that IL-2 secreted from human cells has properties not found in the IL-2 secreted from oocytes, even though a monoclonal antibody directed against the human IL-2 receptor blocks the activity of both types of IL-2. Quite possibly, this difference results from a post-translational modification. PMID- 6236886 TI - Human B-cell-stimulatory-factor production by both T4+ and T8+ lymphocytes. AB - The T-cell subsets responsible for the production of human B-cell-stimulatory factor (BSF) have been identified. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNC), E rosette-forming cells, and isolated T4+/T8+ subpopulations were cultured for 5 days with and without phytohemagglutinin (PHA) stimulation; the supernatants were then assayed for BSF. BSF activity was detected by a costimulation assay using either Staphylococcus aureus Cowan I (SAC) or goat anti-human IgM as a B-cell comitogen. Supernatants from all four PHA-stimulated cell preparations were found to exhibit BSF activity. However, supernatants from the unseparated PBMNC showed a kinetic pattern for BSF production different from that of the E-rosette enriched T-cell population in that the BSF activity of the former reached a maximum at Day 2, followed by a rapid decrease, whereas BSF production by the latter reached a plateau at Days 4-5. Although BSF activity was observed in supernatants from both T4+- and T8+-stimulated T-cell subsets, supernatants from T8+ cells contained 50% less activity than supernatants from T4+ cells. Supernatants from the unstimulated fractions and the mitogen-containing medium control did not exhibit BSF activity. These results indicate that both the helper and the suppressor cell fractions, i.e., T4+ and T8+ lymphocytes, are responsible for the production of BSF. However, it is unclear whether the BSF activities detected in both T-cell subsets are mediated by the same or different molecular entities. PMID- 6236887 TI - Cellular interaction between subsets of T8 population for maximal suppression of antigen-specific antibody response. AB - The characterization of human keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH)-specific T8 suppressor cell (T8 KLH) generated in vitro with high doses of antigen by using peripheral blood lymphocytes is described. The cellular basis for the generation of specific suppressor-effector functions was examined and it was shown that radioresistant T8 KLH cells could induce a second set of radiosensitive suppressor-effector cells found in a freshly isolated T8 population. Moreover, the T8 KLH population could be divided into T8 KLH TQ1+ and T8 KLH TQ1- subsets. Both subsets were required for maximal suppression of the anti-DNP antibody response, since neither subset alone induced more than minimal suppression. These results demonstrated that several functionally distinct T8 subpopulations of cells exist, and it is suggested that further resolution of these complex immunological networks in man will be facilitated by the development of unique reagents capable of defining the heterogeneity of the cells involved in suppressor functions. PMID- 6236888 TI - Deficient natural killer function in patients receiving immunosuppressive drugs: analysis at the cellular level. AB - Renal transplant recipients receiving low maintenance immunosuppression (azathioprine, 2 mg/kg/day, and prednisolone, 10 mg/day), tolerating their transplants well, and without viral infection disclose a profound depression of NK activity as assessed by 51Cr-release assay. By combining the analysis of the different steps of cytolysis with the agarose single-effector assays and the estimation of circulating large granular lymphocytes (LGL), the defect is shown to be due to a significant decrease of the number of NK cells capable of binding (% target-binding cells 2.0 +/- 0.3 versus 5.7 +/- 0.7 in normals, P less than 0.001) and killing (% cytotoxic target-binding cells 12.4 +/- 1.9 versus 22.0 +/- 0.5 in normals, P less than 0.001) of targets. There is also a significant reduction (P less than 0.001) of both percentages (1.0 +/- 0.2 versus 3.3 +/- 0.4 in normals) and absolute values (9.8 +/- 2.4 versus 62.3 +/- 8.0/microliters in normals) of LGL. These observations indicate that depressed NK activity is due mostly to depletion of NK cells. Functional impairment of NK cells can also be involved. Lack of direct in vitro effects of drugs (6-mercaptopurine, hydrocortisone, and methylprednisolone) at concentrations likely to be reached in vivo during treatments and relative resistance of NK activity after in vivo steroid administration suggest that immunosuppressive drugs act at the precursor cell level or on regulatory mechanisms. Despite functional integrity of two suppressor cell systems of allogeneic NK activity (suppression induced by preculture of lymphocytes with Con A and suppressor granulocytes) in immunosuppressed patients, tested on normal NK cells, NK cells of immunosuppressed patients did not disclose greater susceptibility to Con A induced suppression. This analysis indicates that the depletion phenomenon is probably a major mechanism in NK depression of patients receiving immunosuppressive drugs. PMID- 6236889 TI - Possible role of sialic acid and endogenous neuraminidase in T-cell proliferation. AB - The proliferation of T cells in MLR with strains C57Bl/6 and DBA2, mouse spleen and lymph node cells was increased when the inhibitors of endogenous neuraminidase was added in the culture. This is in favor of participation of this enzyme and implicitly of terminal sialic acid in the proliferation of T-cells. Ths possibility that the suppressive activity of T-cells might have been abolished is discussed. PMID- 6236890 TI - Cilia and flagella. PMID- 6236891 TI - [Effect of Qingxintong on exercise ECG and cardiac function in patients with angina pectoris]. PMID- 6236892 TI - [A preliminary study on the relationship between phlegm-stagnant type coronary disease and serum lipid level]. PMID- 6236893 TI - [Long-term effect of the therapy by traditional Chinese medicine on 64 cases of acute myocardial infarction after hospital discharge]. PMID- 6236894 TI - [Increase in complements in patients with cor pulmonale in remission treated by combined traditional Chinese and western medicine]. PMID- 6236895 TI - [Microcirculation disorder in chronic obstructive lung disease and clinical observation on the therapeutic effect of "blood circulation activation and thrombosis removal"]. PMID- 6236896 TI - [Relationship between differential diagnosis by traditional Chinese medicine and hemorheology in patients with hypertension and ischemic stroke]. PMID- 6236897 TI - [Clinical analysis of 229 cases of nephrotic syndrome treated with combined traditional Chinese and western medicine]. PMID- 6236898 TI - [Blood type and immunologic function in 100 cases of deficiency syndrome]. PMID- 6236899 TI - [Therapeutic effect of Zhuling injection on 265 cases of psoriasis]. PMID- 6236900 TI - [Treatment of gram-negative bacillus septicemia with combined traditional Chinese and western medicine--analysis of 61 cases]. PMID- 6236902 TI - [Effect of Radix ophiopogonis and a small dose of magnesium sulfate on hemodynamics after myocardial infarction, arrhythmia and the extent of myocardial infarction]. PMID- 6236901 TI - [Preliminary observation on the effect of cholecystokinin on biliary tract movement in combined stone-expulsion methods]. PMID- 6236903 TI - [A preliminary study on the effect of a bufonin preparation on immunological functions]. PMID- 6236905 TI - [Application of statistical methods in medical literature]. PMID- 6236904 TI - [Combine traditional Chinese and western medicine in the field of otolaryngology]. PMID- 6236906 TI - [Trial exploration of an educational system with reference to combined traditional Chinese and western medicine]. PMID- 6236907 TI - ["Activating blood circulation and removing stasis" in platelet aggregation and congestive heart failure--a topic of clinical research in combined traditional Chinese-western medicine]. PMID- 6236908 TI - [A general review of traditional medicine in the treatment of trichomadesis]. PMID- 6236909 TI - [Survey of traditional Chinese geriatrics]. PMID- 6236911 TI - Pre-school intervention programmes. AB - This paper re-examines the rationale for pre-school intervention programmes and the results from a variety of programmes are reviewed. The distinction is drawn between programmes for the socially disadvantaged and for the handicapped. The importance of parental involvement in such programmes is discussed, both with regard to advantages for the child and for the family. The wide variety of pre school programmes that are possible are examined with consideration given to the population served, the geographical area, the theoretical basis and delivery systems. Considerable attention is paid to the difficulty of evaluating any pre school intervention programme. With these points in mind, home visiting, a popular form of pre-school intervention with practitioners, is examined and advantages and disadvantages of this form of intervention are enumerated. The paper ends with a cautionary note, and attention paid to authors who feel that early intervention can have dangers. The conclusion drawn is that better documentation of the work going on in the field is the only way to overcome gaps in our knowledge and to individualize services to parents and to children. PMID- 6236910 TI - Teaching social skills: evaluation of an "independence week". AB - This study evaluated the achievements of a training course in social skills for physically disabled young people reaching school-leaving age. The course enabled the students to acquire skills in personal care and mobility, but not all the gains were sustained on return home. That basic skills can be acquired as a result of such a short intervention shows that more attention should be paid to them in school. PMID- 6236912 TI - Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of the arteries of the lower limbs: a 5 year follow-up. AB - A total of 482 percutaneous transluminal angioplasties (PTAs) of the arteries of the lower limbs were performed in 411 patients between 1977 and 1983. The 5 year patency rate, calculated by the life table method, was 83% for iliac and 58% for femoropopliteal PTA. Clinical improvement after the procedure was confirmed by a significant drop of the arm-ankle pressure difference: 48 +/- 5 mm Hg before vs 17 +/- 5 mm Hg 2 years after iliac PTA (p less than .01) and 73 +/- 5 mm Hg before vs 28 +/- 6 mm Hg after femoropopliteal PTA (p less than .01). The majority of reocclusions occurred within the first year after angioplasty. Patients with stenoses or occlusions of less than 3 cm had a favorable long-term patency rate of 74%. Conversely, patients with femoropopliteal occlusions presenting with pain at rest, diabetes, occlusions of greater than 3 cm, or poor distal runoff had an elevated rate of reocclusion. Complications, which occurred in 8% of the patients in whom PTA was attempted, included local hemorrhage, dissection, embolism, and spasm necessitating surgical intervention in 2%. No deaths or amputations were a direct consequence of PTA. PTA of arteries of the lower limbs may thus be regarded as a valid complementary treatment to vascular surgery in patients with occlusive disease of the peripheral arteries. PMID- 6236913 TI - A simple assay for amylo-1,6-glucosidase to detect heterozygotes for glycogenosis type III in erythrocytes. PMID- 6236914 TI - Responses to analogues of growth hormone-releasing hormone in normal subjects, and in growth-hormone deficient children and young adults. AB - Three analogues of growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) have been compared in normal subjects. GHRH(1-29)NH2 is equipotent to GHRH(1-40); increasing doses from 10-200 micrograms per subject augments the duration of stimulated growth hormone (GH) release, but the peak serum GH shows only a poor correlation with dose. The derivative D-Ala2-GHRH(1-29)NH2 is no more potent than the unsubstituted GHRH(1 29)NH2. In 20 children and young adults with growth hormone deficiency by conventional criteria, eight showed normal or only slightly subnormal peak serum GH responses to GHRH(1-40) or GHRH(1-29)NH2. These included two patients with tumours of the hypothalamus, as well as six with idiopathic isolated growth hormone deficiency or panhypopituitarism. A poor response to GHRH was generally seen in patients on long-term GH therapy. Priming with GHRH, in either a single bolus or a continuous infusion, did not increase the GH response to GHRH. It is concluded that GHRH(1-29)NH2 is a useful analogue in the testing of GH reserve in patients with growth hormone deficiency, and has considerable potential for long term therapy. PMID- 6236916 TI - Relative sensitivity of human T cell subsets to deoxyadenosine toxicity. AB - In the presence of adenosine deaminase (ADA) inhibitors, human T cells are highly sensitive to the cytotoxic action of deoxyadenosine (dAdo). On this basis, patients with T cell malignancies have been treated with the ADA inhibitor, deoxycoformycin. It is not known, however, whether T suppressor/cytotoxic (Leu 2a+) and T helper/inducer (Leu 3a+) subsets have different sensitivities to dAdo toxicity. In the present study, peripheral blood T (E+) cells from normal volunteers were incubated with dAdo in the presence of the ADA inhibitor, EHNA, and the proportion of viable Leu 2a+ and Leu 3a+ cells compared after 1, 2 and 3 days. Leu 2a+ T cells were found to be significantly more sensitive than Leu 3a+ cells as evidenced by an increase in the Leu 3a+/Leu 2a+ ratio from 1.9 to 3.0 over 3 days. This finding was confirmed by comparing the cytotoxic action of dAdo on separated Leu 2a+ and Leu 3a+ T cells. The action of dAdo on T helper and T suppressor cell function in antibody responses by human blood lymphocytes was also tested. As Leu 2a+ T cells were more sensitive to the cytotoxic action of dAdo than Leu 3a+ T cells, it was thought that a dose of dAdo plus EHNA could be chosen which would abrogate suppression but leave T helper cell function intact. We were, however, unable to obtain this result indicating that the biochemical mechanism by which T helper and suppressor cells are functionally inhibited is different to that resulting in cell death, and is unable to discriminate between them. PMID- 6236915 TI - Deficient natural killer cell activity in alcoholic cirrhosis. AB - Natural killer (NK) cell activity against two types of target cells was found to be low in patients with inactive alcoholic cirrhosis (AC). This defect was significantly more pronounced in AC patients with severe malnutrition than in those with mild or moderate malnutrition. This was not due to modifications of the kinetics of NK activity. The sera from AC patients had no inhibitory effect on the NK activity of normal subjects. Lymphocytes and macrophages from AC patients did not exert major suppressive effect on the NK activity of normal subjects. Interferon boosted the NK activity of cells from AC patients, but to a lesser degree than cells from normal controls. The findings show that a deficit of NK activity is clearly associated with inactive AC. This seems to be another consequence of AC on cellular immunity, and might be related to the protein calorie malnutrition often present in AC. PMID- 6236917 TI - Specific allogeneic help by T lymphocytes from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - Unfractionated mononuclear cells from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) immunized with influenza vaccines do not produce a secondary in vitro anti influenza antibody response when challenged with virus antigen. Irradiated T lymphocytes from normal, disease control and from SLE donors whether vaccinated or not, help allogeneic normal non-T cells to produce specific anti-influenza antibody in vitro. Irradiated normal T cells, however, do not help allogeneic non T cells from SLE donors. Non-irradiated T cells from 40% of the SLE patients, irrespective of whether or not they had been vaccinated, also provide specific help for MLC incompatible normal non-T cells in the influenza antibody response. This non-restricted interaction was not seen using non-irradiated T cells from any normal or disease control donor. No anti-DNA antibodies were produced in virus stimulated cultures of non-irradiated or irradiated SLE T cells with allogeneic normal non-T cells. PMID- 6236918 TI - Cellular DNA content of T helper, T suppressor and B lymphocytes in SLE. AB - The ratio of in vivo activated T helper, T suppressor and B cells in the blood of patients with SLE has been studied through simultaneous subset specific immunofluorescence labelling and the analysis of cellular DNA content with the help of flow fluorimetry. In the active stage of the disease an increase was observed in the proportion of proliferating cells either among the T helper cells or the B cells. Occasionally, however, the rate of proliferation in both subsets grew at the same time. Cases with a high number of activated B cells have proved to be more serious. The percentage of the T suppressor cells in the S-G2-M phase of the cell cycle increased moderately in both the active and the inactive stages of the disease. Our results are also discussed in relation to the pathogenetic mechanism of SLE. PMID- 6236919 TI - Cold reacting anti-nuclear factor (ANF) in families of patients with IgA nephropathy. AB - The emergence of cold reacting anti-nuclear factor (ANF) in families of patients with IgA nephropathy was examined to determine whether some immunological alterations among family members affect the development of this disease. The procedure for the detection of the cold reacting ANF was reported previously. Fifty-five per cent of sera from 66 relatives of IgA nephropathy 24 patients was found to have the IgM cold reacting antibody. The incidence of ANF in healthy adults was 3%. Both household and non-household consanguineous relatives showed antibody in their sera. Sixty-five per cent of consanguineous relatives who had close household contacts with IgA nephropathy patients showed cold reacting ANF, whereas only 10% of non-consanguineous relatives who had close household contact had this antibody. It is suggested that familial susceptibility or genetic factors, in addition to environmental factors, may be responsible in the development of IgA nephropathy. PMID- 6236920 TI - Increased peripheral blood Ia positive T cells and their effect on autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction in chronic active liver disease. AB - We measured Ia antigen bearing peripheral blood T cells, as an index of immunological stimulation, of patients with chronic active liver diseases (CALD) by the rosette assay method. We also examined the role of Ia antigen which represents the products of the genes of the major histocompatibility complex on the autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction (AMLR) since this reaction may reflect self regulation of immune responses. The percentages of Ia positive T cells of 29 patients with CALD (17.1 +/- 4.3%, P less than 0.001) and of 12 patients with other liver diseases (12.9 +/- 2.4%, P less than 0.05) were increased when compared with that of normal individuals (10.7 +/- 2.0%). However, levels of Ia positive T cells activated by phytohaemagglutinin-P in patients with CALD and other liver diseases did not differ from normal subjects. Ia positive cells in OKT8 positive cells were markedly elevated (P less than 0.001), whereas those in OKT4 positive cells were decreased (P less than 0.01) in CALD. The impaired values for the AMLR correlated inversely (P less than 0.01) with the increased percentages of Ia positive T cells in patients with CALD. Further analysis showed that there was no suppression of the proliferation of Ia and OKT4 positive cells by Ia and OKT8 positive cells although the culture of increasing numbers of Ia and OKT8 positive cells and decreasing numbers of Ia and OKT4 positive cells gave a lesser AMLR value. These data suggest that the increase in Ia positive T cells and the alteration of Ia positive cells in the T cell subsets reflect an activation of immune system and provide further evidence in favour of an abnormality of the immunoregulatory system in CALD. PMID- 6236922 TI - Effects of prostaglandin E2 on responses of T-cell subsets to mitogen and autologous non-T-cell stimulation. AB - The cellular basis for prostaglandin E2 (PGE2)-mediated suppression of human T cell proliferative responses was examined. Proliferation in response to concanavalin A was found to be more sensitive to the suppressive influence of PGE2 than was that to phytohemagglutinin. Studies of separated T cells indicated that T4+ cells were inhibited to a greater extent than were T8+ cells. Addition of interleukin 2 (IL-2) to the cultures did not overcome the suppression. In studies conducted in the autologous mixed-lymphocyte reaction (AMLR), both the T4+ cells and the T8+ cells were inhibited by PGE2, however, the T8+ cells were much more prominently inhibited. The inhibitory effect of PGE2 on the responsiveness of T8+ cells was found to be due to inhibition of T4+-dependent IL 2 production. In contrast to the case of mitogen-induced proliferation, the suppression of the AMLR by PGE2 was overcome by addition of IL-2. These results help explain the previously reported suppression of the (B + null) cell induced AMLR by macrophages (which produce PGE). Moreover, they indicate that the effects of the macrophage product, PGE2, can be differentially observed in functional activities of T-cell subsets. PMID- 6236921 TI - Cell types required for anti-acetylcholine receptor antibody synthesis by cultured thymocytes and blood lymphocytes in myasthenia gravis. AB - In most young myasthenia gravis patients, the thymic medulla contains germinal centres. Thymocytes from these cases spontaneously synthesize anti-acetylcholine receptor autoantibody (anti-AChR) in culture; after irradiation they may also selectively stimulate anti-AChR antibody production by autologous blood lymphocytes. By depleting cortical or mature thymic T cells by complement killing, we now show that neither of these responses depends on thymic T cells, unlike the total IgG response to pokeweed mitogen which is T cell-dependent and shows T/B cell synergy. The results suggest that much of the spontaneous anti AChR production is by autonomous thymic plasma cells, which may be HLA-DR-. The ability to stimulate autologous blood lymphocytes does not require viable HLA-DR+ thymic cells but appears to depend on rare antigen presenting cells from the germinal centres. In preliminary experiments, blood T cells were apparently also necessary. PMID- 6236925 TI - Osteosarcoma of the breast: a case report with an unusual diagnostic feature. AB - We describe a patient with osteosarcoma of the breast with intense uptake by the primary tumour of 99m Tc-methylene diphosphonate on bone scan. This appearance on bone scan strongly suggests a diagnosis of osteosarcoma, and has diagnostic and therapeutic implications which are discussed. PMID- 6236923 TI - Immunogenetics and immunopathology of human primary membranous glomerulonephritis: HLA-A, B, DR antigens; functional activity of splenic macrophage Fc-receptors and peripheral blood T-lymphocyte subpopulations. AB - In most of our patients with idiopathic membranous nephritis (MGN), we have studied the HLA-A, B, DR phenotype, the clearance of anti Rhesus D coated-51 Cr labeled-autologous erythrocytes, and the peripheral blood T-lymphocyte subpopulations as ascertained by monoclonal antibodies (OKT3, OKT4, OKT8). The frequency of HLA-B8 antigen is 57.14% in 28 primary MGN versus 14.4% in 104 local controls (Pc less than 0.00018). The frequency of HLA-DR3 antigen is 65.38% in 26 primary MGN patients versus 20.27% in 74 local control individuals (Pc less than 0.00008). The half-life of sensitized erythrocytes is 37.30 +/- 9.55 min in 10 controls, 1963 min and 1601 min in 2 splenectomized controls, 12 min in a patient with hypersplenism, and 67.05 +/- 69.64 min in 18 idiopathic MGN patients respectively. The half-life is significantly prolonged in 6 out of 18 MGN patients. This prolongation correlates with exacerbation of the disease while normal values are obtained with remission. The OKT3 positive subpopulation (total T-lymphocytes) is 63.77 +/- 10.37% in 31 controls versus 53.74 +/- 13.81% in 22 MGN (P less than 0.002). The OKT4 positive subpopulation (helper T-cells) is 37.90 +/- 8.21% in controls versus 32.79 +/- 10.89% in MGN (P less than 0.03). The OKT8 positive subpopulation (suppressor T-cells) is 21.60 +/- 5.28% versus 20.03 +/- 5.76% respectively. The OKT4/OKT8 ratio is 1.85 +/- 0.58 in controls versus 1.74 +/- 0.69 in MGN. During exacerbation, the T-lymphocyte subset fractions are normal, whereas OKT3 and OKT4 are decreased during remission. MGN is a strongly HLA-linked disease.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6236924 TI - Drug effects on certain enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism in MCF-7 cells in culture. AB - The effects of treatments with ethinyl-estradiol, tamoxifen, prednisolone, cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, 5-fluorouracil and Adriamycin on the activities of PFK, 6PGDH, alpha-GPDH and alpha-GPDH/6PGDH ratios were investigated in MCF-7 cells in monolayer cultures. The following findings are recorded. Both ethinyl estradiol and prednisolone failed to induce alterations in the activities of these enzymes. Tamoxifen increased the activities of PFK, alpha-GPDH and alpha GPDH/6PGDH ratios whereas ethinyl-estradiol inhibited the tamoxifen-induced rise in the activity of PFK. Treatment with cyclophosphamide alone was without any effect but in combination with either methotrexate or 5-fluorouracil induced increases in the activities of 6PGDH and alpha-GPDH. Adriamycin at a lower dose increased the activities of 6PGDH and alpha-GPDH and the alpha-GPDH/6PGDH ratio and decreased the activity of PFK. At a higher dose level it reduced the activities of all the enzymes whilst increasing the alpha-GPDH/6PGDH ratio. These data encourage us to undertake a project to test the sensitivity of individual tumours to these drugs in vitro thereby enabling the selection of appropriate drugs for adjuvant therapy. PMID- 6236926 TI - Unusual exercise-related stress fractures. Two case reports. AB - We describe two unusual exercise-related stress fractures, one in the sacroiliac joint of a long distance runner, the other in the body of the scapulae of an above-knee amputee. Each were detected on a 2-hour delay bone scan. To our knowledge, neither have been described scintigraphically. The bilateral scapular fracture is an unreported entity, and the fractured SI joint is a very uncommon site for an overuse injury. PMID- 6236927 TI - Visualization of the liver, gallbladder, and intestine on bone scintigraphy. AB - Images of the liver, gallbladder, and/or intestine were visualized on bone scans on several occasions. Radiopharmaceutical quality control data, including molybdenum-99 and aluminum ion content in the Tc-99m eluate, free unbound Tc-99m, and hydrolyzed reduced Tc-99m in the labeled MDP, were all satisfactory. A minor defect in the quality of the Tc-99m generator was considered to be the probable cause of the unusual localization of the bone imaging agent. PMID- 6236928 TI - Hypertrophied moderator band in atrial septal defect. AB - A case of hypertrophied "moderator band" due to atrial septal defect is demonstrated on a resting thallium myocardial scan and a gated blood pool scan. PMID- 6236931 TI - [Blood platelets in transfusion therapy]. PMID- 6236930 TI - Calmodulin reduces ouabain-sensitive ATPase of cardiac sarcolemmal membranes: high reduction in spontaneously hypertensive rats. AB - Calmodulin and calcium effects on cardiac ouabain-sensitive adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activity were studied in young spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and in their normotensive control Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY). Cardiac sarcolemmal membranes from SHR showed significantly higher ouabain-sensitive ATPase activity than membranes from WKY rats. This activity was unaffected by calmodulin or calcium alone. However, when both calmodulin and calcium were added, ouabain-sensitive activity was significantly reduced without changes in the total ATPase activity. The calcium-dependent calmodulin effect was dose dependent and greater in SHR than in WKY membranes. An altered interaction between the calcium-calmodulin system and sodium handling by the plasma membrane in SHR may play a role in the pathogenesis of hypertension. PMID- 6236929 TI - Vasopressin in cardiovascular control: role of circulating vasopressin. AB - Vasopressin has been shown to elicit vasoconstriction in unanaesthetized animals at plasma concentrations similar to those associated with its renal antidiuretic effect. The vasconstrictor effects of vasopressin do not normally translate into pressor responses until relatively high plasma concentrations are reached. This appears to be related to very effective buffering by the baroreceptor reflex. In the absence of afferent signals from the baroreceptors (surgical denervation, but more importantly, low arterial pressure), the vasoconstriction elicited by vasopressin represents a significant part of the mechanisms that determine blood pressure. Vasopressin is clearly involved in the short-term control of blood pressure in situations such as haemorrhage, other volume-depleted states and dehydration. However, it is only one of several short-acting mechanisms which complement each other in the defence against hypotensive stresses. Under different conditions, the cardiovascular effects of vasopressin seem to have a component related to the central nervous system control of the circulation. Whether or not circulating vasopressin interacts with the newly described network of extrahypothalamic projections from the paraventricular nucleus is yet conjectural. However, the presence in the brain of vasopressin-containing pathways and of various types of receptors to vasopressin, as well as the existence of cardiovascular effects elicited by central administration of antidiuretic hormone, suggests a role for cerebral vasopressin in the control of autonomic function. Slightly elevated levels of vasopressin have been found in various forms of hypertension. Yet, the role of vasopressin, when present, may be more related to its antidiuretic than to its vasoconstrictor properties.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6236932 TI - [Clinical experience in the treatment of non-iatrogenic xerostomia and xerophthalmia with trithioparamethoxyphenylpropene]. PMID- 6236933 TI - [Influence of L-5-hydroxytryptophan on the secretion of prolactin and on plasma levels of gonadotropins]. PMID- 6236934 TI - [Contribution to the treatment of headache with lisuride]. PMID- 6236935 TI - [Pirenzepin in the treatment of toxic gastroduodenitis in chronic alcoholics]. PMID- 6236936 TI - [Influence of nifedipine on blood calcium and on the plasma levels of FSH and LH. Clinical contribution]. PMID- 6236937 TI - [Some diagnostic and therapeutic applications of the monoclonal antibodies]. PMID- 6236938 TI - [Severe ventricular arrhythmia in childhood treated with mexiletine]. PMID- 6236939 TI - [Diagnostic notes and therapy of acute cardiac pulmonary edema]. PMID- 6236940 TI - [New aspects of cranio-cerebral traumatology]. PMID- 6236941 TI - [Evaluation of ventilation changes in patients with obstructive bronchopneumopathy induced by bronchodilator drugs]. PMID- 6236942 TI - [The role of naloxone in the current diagnosis of drug dependence]. PMID- 6236943 TI - [Irritable colon syndrome: therapeutic activity of otilonium bromide alone or in combination with benzodiazepine. Controlled double-blind study]. PMID- 6236945 TI - [Controlled clinical trial in the treatment of chronic hepatopathy of toxico metabolic etiology]. PMID- 6236944 TI - [Acebutolol in the medium-term treatment of nephropathic hypertension]. PMID- 6236946 TI - [Antibacterial activity of a new synthetic penicillin: sodium sulbenicillin]. PMID- 6236947 TI - [How to defibrillate the cardiac arrest victim. A practical note]. PMID- 6236949 TI - [Treatment of hyperaldosteronism]. PMID- 6236948 TI - [Side-effects of calcium antagonists]. PMID- 6236950 TI - Parental rights versus government responsibility for infant medical care. PMID- 6236951 TI - Effects of levonorgestrel and desogestrel in low-dose oral contraceptive combinations on serum lipids, apolipoproteins A-I and B and glycosylated proteins. AB - Fasting serum lipids, apolipoproteins and glycosylated serum proteins were studied in 20 women before, after three months of treatment and two months after termination of treatment with oral contraceptives containing 30 micrograms ethinyloestradiol (EE) plus 150 micrograms levonorgestrel or desogestrel. Levonorgestrel + EE induced significant increases in total triglycerides (48%), apoB (19%) and the ratio apoB/apoA-I (18%) and no significant changes in HDL cholesterol (8% decrease), apoA-I, % HDL-cholesterol, total cholesterol and serum glycosylated proteins. Desogestrel + EE induced significant increases in HDL cholesterol (12%), % HDL-cholesterol (15%), triglycerides (35%) and apoA-I (20%), no changes in total cholesterol, apoB and glycosylated serum proteins and a significant decrease in the ratio apoB/apoA-I (17%). Two months after termination of treatment the values for all parameters for both preparations were similar to those observed before treatment. The differences between the effects of the two preparations on the parameters HDL-cholesterol, % HDL-cholesterol, apoA-I, apoB and the ratio apoB/apoA-I were statistically significant and can be explained by a difference in the intrinsic androgenicity of the two progestagens. PMID- 6236953 TI - A comparison of cutaneous perfusion as determined by laser Doppler velocimetry or sodium fluorescein. PMID- 6236954 TI - Interleukin-2 receptors on activated malignant and normal B-cells. PMID- 6236952 TI - Androgenic, anabolic, estrogenic and antiestrogenic effects of desogestrel and lynestrenol: effects on serum proteins and vaginal cytology. AB - Eight healthy (apart from pelvic endometriosis) women were given daily doses of 0.125, 0.250 and 0.500 mg of desogestrel or 5 mg of lynestrenol orally in a randomized order. Duration of each treatment was 6 weeks. Serum was analyzed for sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), ceruloplasmin, cortisol binding globulin (CBG), thyroxine binding globulin (TBG) and prealbumin using an electroimmunoassay. Serum 17 beta-estradiol (E2) and testosterone (T) were analyzed by radioimmunoassay. Vaginal cytology was studied using the maturation value (MV). E2 levels were depressed by desogestrel and lynestrenol apart from values in two women after 0.125 mg desogestrel. T concentration was suppressed by desogestrel but not by lynestrenol. SHBG concentration and MV were dose dependently suppressed indicating an antiestrogenic or possibly androgenic effect of desogestrel and lynestrenol. No androgenic or anabolic effects of desogestrel were however seen, e.g. suppression of TBG content or increase in prealbumin levels. For lynestrenol, however, a small but significant increase in prealbumin concentration indicated a weak androgenic/anabolic effect. No estrogenic effects were seen, e.g. increases in ceruloplasmin, CBG levels or in elevations of MV. A depressed SHBG production ability in the hepatocytes during treatment with 19 nortestosterone derivatives is postulated, possibly due to competitive receptor binding. PMID- 6236955 TI - Treatment of osteoma cutis. AB - A case of osteoma cutis with successful result of treatment is reported. This rare cutaneous disorder is characterized by the deposition of miliary well circumscribed pinhead-size masses of ossification in the subcutaneous facial tissue. The etiology and pathogenesis of this disease remain poorly understood. PMID- 6236956 TI - Adverse effects of isotretinoin therapy. AB - The clinical and laboratory toxic findings of ninety-four patients receiving systemic isotretinoin therapy for cystic acne are listed. A comparison of the toxicity for two different dosage schedules is made. Coexistent diseases such as ulcerative colitis, manic depression psychoses, Gilbert's disease and cluster headaches are unaffected by this systemic medication. PMID- 6236958 TI - Rosacea. PMID- 6236957 TI - Autoimmune progesterone dermatitis. AB - The case history of a young woman with a severe dyshidrotic eczematous hand eruption which was exacerbated during her menses is reported. The patient's clinical disorder responded to monthly prednisone therapy administered prior to and during her menses. PMID- 6236960 TI - [Effect of surgical procedures on the muscular system on mucopolysaccharide excretion in children]. PMID- 6236959 TI - Atrial volume in a normal adult population by two-dimensional echocardiography. AB - Left atrial (LA) and right atrial (RA) volumes were calculated from two dimensional echocardiography (2D echo) in 54 normal volunteers, of whom 23 were nonathletic men and 25 nonathletic women; 6 additional men had a history of athletic training. Ages ranged from 20 to 66 years (average nonathletic group, 38 years; athletic men, 28 years). The LA volume was measured by single-plane area length algorithm from apical 2-chamber (2CH) and 4-chamber (4CH) views and from their combination by means of Simpson's rule. The RA volume was analyzed only in the 4CH view. Mean LA volume was larger for men than women; for nonathletic men, 46 +/- 14 ml for 2CH view and 38 +/- 10 ml for both the 4CH view and for Simpson's rule combination of the apical views. For women it was 36 +/- 11 ml for the 2CH view, 34 +/- 12 ml for the 4CH view, and 32 +/- 10 ml by Simpson's rule. Right atrial volume was 39 +/- 12 ml in nonathletic men and 27 +/- 7 ml in women. In the six athletic men, LA volume and volume index, but not RA volume and volume index, were significantly larger than in nonathletes. These findings in this small sample suggest that caution should be exercised in interpreting atrial enlargement in athletes. There were no significant correlations between atrial volumes and age, although individuals over 65 years with normal hearts were not represented. In evaluating LA volume in a given patient, it is advisable to use specific values for each apical view and algorithm and to correct for either sex or body surface area (BSA) but not for both. In the RA it is necessary to correct for both sex and BSA. PMID- 6236961 TI - [Complications of Scheuermann's disease in the lumbosacral spine]. PMID- 6236962 TI - [ATPase in the basal bodies of Tetrahymena pyriformis]. PMID- 6236963 TI - Marvelon--an OC with a new progestagen. PMID- 6236964 TI - Dermatological problems with synthetic resins and plastics in glues. Part II. PMID- 6236965 TI - [Alcoholic fatty liver, alcoholic hepatitis and alcoholic cirrhosis. Drinking behavior and incidence of clinical, clinico-chemical and histological findings in 282 patients]. AB - Drinking pattern as well as clinical, biochemical and histological findings were recorded of 282 males with alcohol-induced liver disease (fatty liver in 103, hepatitis in 61, cirrhosis in 118). The proportion of persons under 50 years of age was significantly greater with alcoholic hepatitis (70%) than cirrhosis (46%). Mean daily alcohol consumption was clearly lower among those with fatty liver than hepatitis or cirrhosis (P less than 0.02). Duration of alcohol abuse was on average shorter in patients with fatty liver and hepatitis than with cirrhosis (excessive consumption of less than 15 years was 61% and 62%, respectively, in the former, 28% in the latter (P less than 0.02). Symptoms and clinical and biochemical findings did not help in differentiating between hepatitis without cirrhotic change and cirrhosis. The most marked differences between cirrhosis and hepatitis, on one hand, and fatty liver, on the other, related to the frequency of certain signs and symptoms: upper abdominal pain, hard consistency of the liver, generalized jaundice, bleeding from esophageal varices and ascites; among biochemical findings they were: elevation of serum bilirubin concentration above 34 mumol/l (2 mg/dl), lowering of the Quick values and of albumin concentration. Mortality rate during hospital stay was lower among patients with hepatitis but no cirrhotic change (6.6%) than among those with cirrhotic change (31.4%). While the prognosis under abstinence was relatively more favourable in patients with mild or moderately severe hepatitis, nonicteric forms require closer attention than has been given them so far. PMID- 6236966 TI - [Self control of lung function in bronchial asthma: the peak-flowmeter ]. PMID- 6236967 TI - [Autoimmune thyroid diseases. Recent aspects of the pathogenesis and diagnosis]. PMID- 6236968 TI - [Comparative studies of the effect of mithramycin and calcitonin on small intestine and pancreas function in the rat]. AB - The effects of synthetic salmon calcitonin (Calcitonin R-Sandoz) at a dose of 10 IU/kg BW and Mithramycin (Mithramycin R-Pfizer) at a dose of 35 micrograms/kg BW on the absorption of calcium was evaluated in normocalcenic fasted rats by investigating both the pancreatic function and the intestinal absorption of xylose. During 2 h observation calcitonin induced a fall in serum calcium concentration of 6 % (p = n.s.). As compared with controls, the renal elimination of xylose is diminished in calcitonin treated animals by 49% (p less than 0,1), whilst in mithramycin treated animals no change is observed. Serum insulin level was not influenced by calcitonin, but it was stimulated about 70% (p less than 0,05) by mithramycin. Blood glucose concentration is decreased only by 14 mg % (calcitonin) and 18 mg % mithramycin) (p = n.s.). Both drugs do change neither urinary volume nor serum alpha-Amylase. It is concluded that the sites of action of mithramycin differ from those of calcitonin. PMID- 6236970 TI - Uterine deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis during preimplantation in precursors of stromal cell differentiation during decidualization. AB - During early pseudopregnancy, DNA synthesis and mitosis in the uterine endometrial stroma precede the development of uterine sensitivity to deciduogenic stimuli. Progesterone redirects the effects of estradiol on endometrial DNA synthesis from the luminal epithelium to the stroma. To determine the time and hormonal control of preimplantation endometrial DNA synthesis, uterine cells were labeled with [3H] thymidine at specific times during early pseudopregnancy or after progestin and estrogen treatment of ovariectomized rats. The fate of these labeled cells after their decidualization was examined by separation of prelabeled deciduomal cells by velocity sedimentation at unit gravity, which separates cells by size. Stromal cells that synthesized DNA during early pseudopregnancy or in response to hormone treatment later differentiated into deciduomal cells. Rates of DNA synthesis increased on days 4 and 5 of pseudopregnancy, with greater incorporation occurring on day 4 in cells that differentiated into polyploid deciduomal cells. In ovariectomized rats, medroxyprogresterone acetate treatment for 15 h increased DNA synthesis in stromal cells that differentiated into diploid and tetraploid deciduomal cells. DNA synthesis increased further at 30 h before returning to basal levels at 48 h. After progestin pretreatment, estradiol treatment increased stromal DNA synthesis again with greater incorporation in cells differentiating into polyploid deciduomal cells. These data indicate that during early pseudopregnancy, both progesterone and estradiol control the DNA synthesis of endometrial stromal cells as a means of reprogramming these cells for the later growth and differentiation of decidualization. PMID- 6236969 TI - Health effects of chemical products. AB - An outline is given of the data on human health effects that are needed as a foundation for the administration of legislation on chemical substances and products. Danish data on mortality and morbidity from acute poisoning and some published clinical studies are presented. Serious problems may persist in subgroups of the population and the prevention of acute poisoning is still a basic aim of this legislation. Allergic reactions to chemicals are discussed. Not all sensitized individuals can be protected but steps should be taken to prevent contact with the sensitizing agents that are of the greatest public health importance. Chronic health effects following exposure to chemicals have influenced the recent strengthening of regulations but carcinogenic risks especially are extremely difficult for administrative and political systems to handle in an approximately rational way. While we are reducing the use of suspected carcinogenic chemicals our populations must, however, be given a greater appreciation of the cancer risk problem, particularly the fact that we cannot eliminate all cancer risks. Biological monitoring of human populations is a necessary supplement to the traditional registration of diseases as part of our health surveillance systems. Fortunately our societies have been able to pay increasing attention to the long-term public health consequences of exposures to chemical factors in our environment. PMID- 6236972 TI - Mutagenicity of lichen constituents. AB - Usnic acid (the most abundant lichen constituents), physodic, and physodalic acids isolated from Hypogymnia enteromorph (Ach.) Nyl. were tested for mutagenicity in the Ames Salmonella/microsome assay. Physodalic acid exhibited clear dose-related mutagenicity against Salmonella typhimurium strain TA 100 with or without S9 mix in both plate-incorporation and preincubation assays. The addition of S9 mix increased the number of revertants approximately threefold and fourfold in preincubation and plate-incorporation assays, respectively. PMID- 6236971 TI - Genetic regulation of hepatic steroid 16 alpha-hydroxylase activities in inbred strains of mice. AB - Steroid 16 alpha-hydroxylase activities and properties were studied in C57Bl/6J, 129/J, AKR/R, DBA/2J, C3H/I, and BALB/c mouse liver using four different substrates. The highest enzymatic activities were measured in the female mice, with the exception of the 129/J females. As in the rat liver, the sexual differentiation of the steroid 16 alpha-hydroxylation observed in adult male and female mice took place at puberty. In the adult mouse liver, two steroid 16 alpha hydroxylase activities (forms I and II) could be differentiated on the basis of their relative affinities for the various steroid substrates and their relative proportions in male and female mouse livers. In the immature mouse liver, no sexual differences could be detected, and the mice of both sexes presented phenotypes identical to those of the adult female. The adult 129/J females appeared genetically deficient with respect to the form I of the steroid 16 alpha hydroxylase and presented a phenotype identical to that of the adult male mice of the various strains tested. Differences in hydroxylase activities between the C57Bl/6J and 129/J strains were investigated using standard genetic breeding protocols. Steroid 16 alpha-hydroxylase seemed to be inherited additively in the liver of the female mice obtained by crossing the C57Bl/6J male and the 129/J female or the 129/J male and the C57Bl/6J female. In the male mice, regardless of genotype, the observed phenotype was always identical to the two male parental types. Both hormonal and genetic regulations were responsible for the different phenotypes occurring in adult male and female C57Bl/6J and 129/J mouse livers. PMID- 6236974 TI - Azidonaphthoyl-ADP: a specific photolabel for the high-affinity nucleotide binding sites of F1-ATPase. AB - 3'-O-[5-azidonaphthoyl]-ADP has been synthesized as a photoreactive analog to 3' O-naphthoyl(1)-ADP which is known to bind to the high-affinity nucleotide sites of mitochondrial F1-ATPase, considered to be the catalytic sites. The photolabel in the dark acts as a ligand to F1-ATPase and as a competitive inhibitor with Ki = 11 microM. Binding to the enzyme is accompanied by a quench of endogenous protein fluorescence leveling off at an occupancy of 1 mol/mol F1, whereas the total number of reversible sites accessible to the analog is 3 mol/mol F1 as measured by isotope studies. Covalent insertion by near ultraviolet activation of the probe yields labeling of both alpha and beta polypeptides of F1; it is accompanied by corresponding removal of reversible high-affinity sites for ADP or naphthoyl-ADP and by an inhibition of the enzyme; total inactivation occurs at a covalent occupancy of 2 mol/mol F1. This is the maximum number of sites accessible to covalent modification by the label; one reversible site is still available in the totally inactivated enzyme. This observation is discussed in terms of a stochastic model requiring a minimum of two interacting catalytic domains out of three in order to commence catalysis. PMID- 6236973 TI - Histogenesis of exocrine pancreatic cancer in the hamster model. AB - There is strong evidence that induced pancreatic adenomas and carcinomas derive from ductal and ductular cells in the pancreas. We base our beliefs on our knowledge of the embryology and histology of the pancreas in Syrian golden hamsters, along with the sequential alterations that occur during exocrine pancreatic tumor formation. This concept also has been supported by much experimental evidence, including autoradiographic, immunologic and in vitro studies. We also present other viewpoints on the origin of pancreatic cancer histogenesis and outline certain areas of disagreement. We report the development of acinar cell lesions under certain experimental dietary conditions in hamsters (the lesions resemble those commonly seen in the rat pancreatic tumor model) and the nature of these lesions. PMID- 6236975 TI - Interaction of calmodulin with muscle phosphofructokinase. Changes of the aggregation state, conformation and catalytic activity of the enzyme. AB - Phosphofructokinase from muscle has been shown to be a calmodulin-binding protein [Mayr, G.W. and Heilmeyer, L.M.G., Jr (1983) FEBS Lett. 159, 51-57]. Details of the influence of calmodulin on the aggregation state, the conformation and the catalytic properties of phosphofructokinase have been studied by enzymatic and light-scattering analyses. Calmodulin acts as a Ca2+-dependent hysteretic inhibitor of the highly active enzyme. At least one mole of calmodulin binds to each protomer of the enzyme, induces a shift from the highly active tetrameric towards an inactive dimeric state and slowly changes the conformation of the dimers. Dissociation of calmodulin from conformationally changed dimers by removal of Ca2+ stops the inactivation. Without a significant regain of catalytic activity large polymers are rapidly formed. For a reactivation of the inactivated enzyme, calmodulin has to remain associated and the incubation conditions must be changed in a way to allow for a back isomerization and reassociation of dimers. The isomerization reaction is promoted by Mg . ATP, the reassociation reaction most effectively by fructose bisphosphate. A model for the calmodulin phosphofructokinase interaction is proposed. PMID- 6236976 TI - Interaction of calmodulin with muscle phosphofructokinase. Interplay with metabolic effectors of the enzyme under physiological conditions. AB - The hysteretic calmodulin-induced inactivation of muscle phosphofructokinase and the calmodulin-mediated reactivation are essentially dependent on environmental conditions. The interplay of calmodulin during these reactions and at allosteric conditions with Mg . ATP, fructose 6-phosphate, adenosine 5'-[beta, gamma imido]triphosphate and with the allosteric effectors AMP, ADP, fructose 1,6 bisphosphate, fructose 2,6-bisphosphate and glucose 1,6-bisphosphate was studied by two techniques. (a) A two-step technique with a preincubation of enzyme, calmodulin and effectors in close to physiological concentrations before dilution into an optimal activity assay. It reveals aggregation and slowly reversible conformation changes. (b) A direct assay of dilute enzyme at allosteric conditions. Dominating in the interplay of calmodulin with metabolic effectors is the competitive-like action of calmodulin on Mg . ATP binding to the regulatory sites of the enzyme. At high enzyme concentrations in the absence of hexose phosphates, i.e. at noncatalytic conditions calmodulin counteracts the stabilization of the highly active tetrameric form caused by Mg . ATP. In the allosteric assay it counteracts the ATP-induced allosteric inhibition. In both cases calmodulin acts synergistic with AMP and ADP. To a minor degree calmodulin also counteracts the stabilization of the tetrameric form caused by fructose 6 phosphate and hexose bisphosphate, now however antagonistically to AMP and ADP. By the demonstrated interactions the enzyme can be slowly and hysteretically shifted between an active tetrameric and an inactive dimeric state under control metabolic conditions and of Ca2+ and calmodulin. Resting conditions will inactivate and high contractile activity reactivate available enzyme. PMID- 6236977 TI - Release of the inhibitory action of the natural ATPase inhibitor protein on the mitochondrial ATPase. AB - The rate of ATP hydrolysis by submitochondrial particles prepared from bovine heart mitochondria in the presence of Mg2+ and ATP increases from a value of 0.4 mumol min-1 mg-1 to 6-7 mumol min-1 mg-1 upon incubation for 5-6 h at 38 degrees C. The increase in activity does not occur in particles that have been passed through a Sephadex column. The activation is prevented and partially reversed by ATP. This indicates that the increase in hydrolytic activity is due to abolition of the inhibitory action of the natural ATPase inhibitor protein of Pullman and Monroy [(1963) J. Biol. Chem. 238, 3762-3769]. At maximal activation approximately 50% of the inhibitor protein of the starting preparation remains in the particles as inferred from direct assay of inhibitor protein content and by its interaction with 125I-labeled antibodies directed against the inhibitor protein. The extent of the activation, which presumably is an index of the equilibrium between active and inactive enzymes, is strictly dependent on salts. The rate of the activation depends on the concentration of salts and is favored by alkaline pH. From results of experiments on the effect of temperature on the rate of activation of the ATPase, it was calculated that the activation energy, delta H not equal to and delta S not equal to of the process were 53.34 kJ/mol, 50.83 kJ/mol and -158.99 J mol-1 K-1, respectively. The data indicate that in its native inhibiting state, the interaction of the inhibitor protein with the enzyme involves electrostatic interactions. Also it is concluded that abolition of the inhibitory action of the protein on ATPase activity is not compulsorily linked to release of the protein into the water space. PMID- 6236978 TI - Different distributions of microtubules, desmin filaments and isomyosins during the onset of cardiac hypertrophy in the rat. AB - To elucidate the role of the cytoskeleton in the development of adult heart, microtubules and intermediate filaments of desmin were studied in young and adult rat heart myocytes during the onset of growth, after mechanical overloading induced by aortic stenosis. Such overloading is known to cause heart hypertrophy by stimulating overall protein synthesis, and to initiate a shift in myosin isozymes. For this study, we used double immunolabelling of isolated myocytes with specific antibodies raised against tubulin, desmin, and the two main isomyosins V1 and V3. Whereas desmin remained unchanged, tubulin was redistributed in arrays parallel to the long axis of the myocytes, and was densest around the nuclei. Alterations in the microtubule pattern were observed very early after aortic stenosis, during the onset of heart growth; they were transitory, and did not occur simultaneously in all myocytes. Chronological examination of myocytes labelling with both antitubulin and anti V3 myosin clearly suggested that the transitory alteration in the microtubule pattern was an early event preceding the change in the expression of the myosin gene. Results, observed in young rats, in which mitosis is stimulated by overloading, and in adult rats, exhibiting no mitosis, showed that microtubules are involved in the development of cells in which mitosis does not occur. This work provides the first evidence of a correlation in functional adult heart, between the reorganization of cytoplasmic microtubules and the onset of growth. PMID- 6236979 TI - Identification of intranuclear structures containing the 72K DNA-binding protein of human adenovirus type 5. AB - Immunocytochemical techniques have been applied to cells infected with human adenovirus type 5 in order to study the distribution of antigens related to the virus-encoded Mr = 72000 (72K) DNA-binding protein. In embedded cells 72K antigen was found to be associated with 'clear' fibrillar inclusions, in which viral DNA replication is known to take place. "Dense" fibrillar inclusions, which are thought to contain previously replicated viral DNA, do not contain detectable levels of 72K antigen, suggesting that the conversion of clear inclusions to dense inclusions is accompanied by loss of the 72K protein. In cells examined by the spreading technique of Miller, 72K antigen is associated with the 10 nm "thick filaments" previously described by several laboratories, consistent with the established role of the 72K protein in viral replication complexes. PMID- 6236980 TI - Combined and sequential treatment using FCE 21336, a new prolactin-lowering drug, and medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) in DMBA-induced tumors in rats. AB - The effect of the new, prolactin-lowering ergoline derivative FCE21336 and medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) given alone and in combination was tested on DMBA-induced mammary tumors in rats. FCE 21336 (0.05 and 0.4 mg/kg p.o.) and MPA (25 and 50 mg/kg s.c.), administered 5 days/week for 4 weeks, inhibited the growth of established tumors and reduced serum prolactin levels. Combined treatment inhibited tumor growth more than single treatment. These results were confirmed in a second experiment: the antitumor effect of the combination of FCE 21336 (0.1 mg/kg p.o.) and MPA (50 mg/kg s.c.) was greater than that of the single treatment and was similar to the effect of ovariectomy. In this experiment rats with tumors that did not respond to 4 weeks' treatment with FCE 21336 (0.1 mg/kg p.o.) were treated during the next 4 weeks with MPA (50 mg/kg s.c.). MPA was effective on FCE 21336-unresponsive tumors. These data indicate that combined FCE 21336 and MPA treatment is more effective than single treatment and that MPA is effective on tumors not sensitive to the prolactin-lowering drug. PMID- 6236981 TI - Let us pause and reflect--but not too long. PMID- 6236982 TI - A triaxial model of the interdisciplinary team and group process. PMID- 6236983 TI - Effects of variables on parental perceptions of staffings. PMID- 6236985 TI - Integrating handicapped and nonhandicapped preschoolers: developmental impact on nonhandicapped children. PMID- 6236984 TI - Comparison of a full-time mainstreaming program and a resource room approach. PMID- 6236987 TI - Handicapped adolescents as cross-age tutors: program description and evaluation. PMID- 6236986 TI - Competencies necessary for instructing migrant handicapped students. PMID- 6236988 TI - Nursery rhymes and early language acquisition by mentally handicapped children. PMID- 6236989 TI - Preservice teacher preparation for mainstreaming. PMID- 6236990 TI - Sequential development of helper and suppressor functions, antibody titers and functional avidities to a streptococcal antigen in rhesus monkeys. AB - Sequential development of antibody titer, functional avidity, helper and suppressor activities were investigated in rhesus monkeys. These were immunized with a single dose of 0.1 microgram to 10 mg of a streptococcal protein antigen (SA) in aluminium hydroxide. The IgG antibody titers followed the classical pattern first established in mice, of high-dose and low-dose tolerance with intermediate doses of immunity. This was correlated with a similar pattern of functional avidity of IgG antibodies, as measured by a dissociation assay. Helper and suppressor functions were assayed in parallel by inducing the corresponding factors from monkey lymphocytes in Marbrook flasks and testing the factors which cross the species barrier in cooperative cultures with CBA mouse spleen B cells. A progressive modulation of helper and suppressor activities was elicited by the increasing doses of SA, during the initial 28 days after immunization. Thus, dominant suppressor with minimal helper activity, IgG antibody titer and functional avidity were elicited by 0.1 microgram SA. However, 1 or 10 micrograms SA induced dominant helper with minimal or transient suppressor activity and high IgG antibody titers and functional avidity. Somewhat intermediate responses were elicited by 100 micrograms SA, but 1 mg and especially 10 mg SA induced dominant suppressor and minimal helper activity, with low IgG antibody titers and functional avidities. When the immune response was established, about 28 days after immunization, the intermediate dose of SA elicited IgG antibodies with high titer and functional avidity, high T cell helper but low suppressor activities. In contrast, both high- and low-dose SA induced partial tolerance, with low IgG antibody titer, functional avidity and T cell helper activity. These studies suggest cyclical development of helper and suppressor functions during the 4 weeks after immunization. The emergence of a dominant helper or suppressor function is antigen dose dependent. PMID- 6236991 TI - The augmentation of tumor-specific immunity by virus help. II. Enhanced induction of cytotoxic T lymphocyte and antibody responses to tumor antigens by vaccinia virus-reactive helper T cells. AB - The present study investigates the role of vaccinia virus-reactive helper T cells in causing enhanced induction of syngeneic tumor immunity. Vaccinia virus reactive helper T cell activity capable of inducing the augmented generation of cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) or antibody responses was generated in C3H/HeN mice by inoculating i.p. live virus. Immunization of these mice with vaccinia virus infected syngeneic X5563 plasmacytoma or MH134 hapatoma cells led to augmented induction of immune resistance against the challenge with corresponding viable tumor cells when compared with the incidence of resistance observed in control mice not primed to vaccinia virus. In vitro cytotoxicity tests utilizing spleen cells and serum from mice which resulted in the augmented tumor resistance by virus help have revealed that spleen cells from C3H/HeN mice immune to the X5563 plasmacytoma exhibited appreciable anti-X5563 CTL activity, whereas serum from these mice failed to display any antibody response. In contrast, MH134-immune mice exhibited potent anti-MH134 antibody, but not CTL responses. Such an anti tumor CTL or antibody response augmented by vaccinia virus-reactive helper T cells was found to be tumor specific. These results are discussed in the context of (a) the functional diversity of tumor antigens, and (b) mechanisms of virus help that are involved in various forms of augmented induction of syngeneic tumor immunity. PMID- 6236992 TI - The glycosphingolipid globoside as a serological marker on cytolytic T lymphocyte precursors and alloantigen-responsive proliferating T lymphocytes in murine spleen. AB - Biochemical analyses of murine lymphocytes have shown that the glycosphingolipid globoside (Glo) is present exclusively on alloantigen-stimulated murine T lymphocytes (Gruner, K. R., Van Eijk, R. V. W. and Muhlradt, P. F., Biochemistry 1981. 20: 4518). An anti-Glo antibody has now been raised in rabbits immunized with purified antigen. Most activity was recovered in the IgM fraction. The specificity of the antibody was ascertained in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with purified glycosphingolipids bound to the solid phase. In antibody dependent complement lysis experiments the anti-Glo eliminated about 20% of nylon wool-nonadherent splenic T cells of CBA/J mice. To determine the functional identity of these Glo+ cells, the effects of Glo+ cell elimination on mitogen stimulation with concanavalin A and lipopolysaccharide, as well as the effects on the mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC) reaction and cell-mediated lympholysis with mitomycin-treated DBA/2 splenocytes as stimulator cells were studied. Whereas lipopolysaccharide stimulation was not affected by elimination of Glo+ cells, there was a slight inhibitory effect on the concanavalin A stimulation, and a severe inhibition of the MLC reaction and the generation of H-2d-specific cytolytic T lymphocytes. Addition of interleukin 2 increased the MLC reaction, but interleukin 2-saturated cultures were also severely inhibited by anti-Glo and complement treatment. Combined treatment with anti-Glo and anti-Lyt-1 or anti-Lyt 2 antibodies, and determination of cytolytic T lymphocyte precursor frequencies in limiting dilution cultures after Glo+ cell elimination showed that a large proportion of T cells proliferating in a primary MLC are Lyt-1+,2+,3+Glo+, whereas in secondary MLC they are Lyt-1+,2-,3-,Glo+. Fifty % of the cytolytic T lymphocyte precursors in primary as well as secondary MLC are Glo+. The Glo marker is lost upon differentiation to cytolytic T lymphocyte effector cells. It is discussed herein that Glo is a marker for alloantigen-stimulated precursor T lymphocytes of both helper and cytolytic T cells. PMID- 6236993 TI - p-Chlorophenylalanine and p-chloroamphetamine pretreatment of apomorphine challenged rats: effects on solitary and social behavior. AB - Following an initial rise in locomotor activity, apomorphine in large doses causes a concurrent rise in brain serotonin levels, locomotor akinesia, and stereotypic gnawing. However, reports to date have failed to observe any effect of pretreatment with serotonin depletors parachlorophenylalanine (pCPA) or parachloroamphetamine (pCA) on apomorphine-induced stereotypy. In the present study the effects of pCPA (250 or 400 mg/kg i.p., 3 days) and pCA (6.4 or 10.4 mg/kg i.p., 3 days) pretreatment on apomorphine-induced (5.0 mg/kg s.c., 5 min) behavior of male rats in the open-field were compared. For half of the trials in the 78 min session, the rats were alone and for half of the trials they were paired with an untreated male rat. pCA pretreatment increased the frequency of line-crossing and of jumping, whereas pCPA pretreatment increased the duration of bouts of locomotion and gnawing. These behavioral differences may be related to the interaction of pCA and pCPA with dopaminergic subsystems in the brain. PMID- 6236994 TI - Changes of myosin and its ATPase in "neuronally" and "mechanically" contralateral muscles after cross-reinnervation in normal and capsaicin-treated rats. AB - The extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle was cross-reinnervated by the soleus (SOL) nerve in normal and neonatally capsaicin-treated rats. After 5 months the muscles were investigated for their myofibrillar ATPase reaction and their myosin light and heavy chain composition. Besides the well known transformation of the cross-reinnervated EDL toward a slow muscle, muscular changes were also found in the contralateral leg. Although these changes were hardly detectable in the EDL muscle, a remarkable (70 to 100%) reduction of the fast type IIA fiber population was found in the SOL. The decrease of the number of IIA fibers (compared with time-matched controls) was paralleled by corresponding changes in the myosin light and heavy chain patterns. After the cross-reinnervation of a muscle, two kinds of contralaterality must be distinguished. In the experiments reported the cross-reinnervated EDL muscle remains "mechanically" contralateral to the EDL muscle of the other leg, while it becomes "neuronally" contralateral to the SOL muscle. Our results are interpreted as a symmetric "slowing down" of these "neuronally" contralateral muscles. Neonatal capsaicin treatment that decreased considerably the number of unmyelinated group IV afferent fibers did not influence the outcome of these experiments. PMID- 6236995 TI - [Characteristics of the change in oxidative phosphorylation in the mitochondria of various organs under nitrous oxide anesthesia]. AB - Nitrous oxide was discovered to have different effects on oxidative phosphorylation of heart, liver, kidney and brain mitochondria. The most demonstrable changes were found in the myocardium and liver. An increase in the anesthetic concentration provoked a more considerable inhibition of the rate of oxygen consumption in different metabolic states and of the phosphorylation rate of liver and myocardial mitochondria. High doses of nitrous oxide were found to inhibit ATPase activity of myocardial actomyosin. The action of the anesthetic on the brain manifested in the inhibition of the phosphorylation rate, that on the kidneys in the increased rate of free oxidation. PMID- 6236996 TI - Oligomycin sensitivity-conferring protein (OSCP) of beef heart mitochondria. Internal sequence homology and structural relationship with other proteins. AB - Structural analysis of oligomycin sensitivity-conferring protein (OSCP) revealed repeating sequences (residues 1-89, 105-190) suggesting an evolution of the protein by gene duplication. In addition to the reported homology with the delta subunit of Escherichia coli F1ATPase, OSCP also shows a certain homology with the b-subunit of E. coli F0 and the ADP/ATP carrier of mitochondria. PMID- 6236997 TI - Mutations in the regulatory subunit of soluble phosphofructokinase from yeast. AB - Mutant alleles of the gene PFK2 have been obtained that alter the sensitivity to ATP inhibition of the soluble yeast phosphofructokinase. One of the alleles makes the enzyme sensitive to micromolar concentrations of ATP. Intragenic revertants of PFK2 mutants confirm that the PFK2 gene determines not only the regulatory properties of the soluble enzyme but also the catalytic activity of particulate phosphofructokinase. PMID- 6236998 TI - Interactions between cro repressor and the model specific binding site. AB - Binding of lambda phage cro repressor to the synthetic half of OR3, the most conservative half of the specific binding sites, was investigated by proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. It was found that the alpha-helical segment (27-36) of the protein was involved in specific interactions with the model binding site. The 3-dimensional structure of cro repressor does not change noticeably upon complex formation. Intercalation can be excluded as a possible means of interaction. PMID- 6236999 TI - [Eczema]. PMID- 6237000 TI - [Protective measures in marketing household chemical products]. PMID- 6237001 TI - [Complex analysis of the tasks of pediatric dentistry. (III) Orthodontic studies]. PMID- 6237003 TI - The level of some tissue peptides and their neutral sugar composition in streptozotocin diabetic rats. PMID- 6237002 TI - [Sodium and potassium content of intrafusal muscle fibers and their resting membrane potential in different ionic media]. AB - X-ray microanalysis revealed a high sodium concentration in intrafusal fibers of the frog-muscle whereas it appeared to be normal in extrafusal ones. Potassium concentration was practically the same both in intra- and extrafusal fibers which is in good agreement with the data obtained earlier with other techniques. Electrophysiological experiments demonstrated a similar behaviour of the resting MP found in both kinds of fibers in solutions with different ionic composition. The concentration of free sodium ions seems to be the same in intra- and extrafusal muscle fibers. The intrafusal fibers have believed to suggest a high amount of immobilized sodium. PMID- 6237004 TI - [Acetylsalicylic acid intolerance in Lyell syndrome]. PMID- 6237005 TI - [Erythromycin spirits in the treatment of acne]. PMID- 6237006 TI - [Occurrence of infectious occupational dermatoses in East Germany 1970-1982]. PMID- 6237007 TI - The problem of the sensitization to dithiocarbamates in thiuram-allergic patients. AB - Because of the occurrence of hand dermatitis in members of a surgical staff due to allergy to thiuram-containing rubber gloves, an investigation was performed about cross-sensitization between thiuram compounds and dithiocarbamates. Positive reactions to dithiocarbamates were compared with reactions to 8 brands of hypo-allergenic or dithiocarbamate-containing surgical gloves. There appeared to be a marked difference in reactions to the dithiocarbamate-containing gloves. Some brands gave negative or nearly always negative reactions, while other brands caused many positive reactions. Thiuram-allergic patients were advised to wear nonreacting rubber gloves or PVC gloves. PMID- 6237008 TI - Subpopulations of T lymphocytes in peripheral blood and in skin lesions in lichen ruber planus. AB - Peripheral blood lymphocytes and different immunocompetent cells of the cutaneous inflammatory infiltrate were characterized by reactivity with monoclonal antibodies directed to surface antigens of T lymphocytes and Langerhans cells by means of the indirect immunofluorescence technique in 10 patients suffering from lichen ruber planus. In contrast to the controls (n = 10), lichen patients had a significantly reduced percentage of the suppressor/cytotoxic T cell subset in peripheral blood (p less than 0.002). At the dermoepidermal junction suppressor/cytotoxic T lymphocytes and Langerhans cells predominated. Some possible conclusions are discussed. PMID- 6237009 TI - Nicotinamide does not protect islet B-cell metabolism against alloxan toxicity. AB - Nicotinamide, a poly(ADP-ribose)synthetase inhibitor, protected NMRI mice against alloxan-induced hyperglycemia when given 10 min before, but not 10 min after, the injection of the drug. Pretreatment in vivo with nicotinamide induced hyperglycemia at the time of alloxan injection, and this could account for the protective action of nicotinamide against alloxan diabetes. Exposure of islets to alloxan (2 mM) in vitro caused a marked inhibition of both glucose-stimulated proinsulin biosynthesis and insulin release, and this was not affected by the action of nicotinamide. Alloxan-impaired islet glucose oxidation was partly restored by nicotinamide. The decreased islet content of NADH plus NAD, which was observed after alloxan treatment, could be prevented by nicotinamide. Glucose stimulated islet oxygen uptake was abolished after treatment with alloxan, and nicotinamide had no protective effect in this process. Leucine (10 mM) plus glutamine (10 mM), however, were still able to evoke an islet respiratory response after alloxan exposure. Alloxan caused an immediate increase in the islet efflux of radiolabeled nucleotides, which was followed after about 5 min by a further increase. This latter increase of the radio efflux was inhibited by the addition of nicotinamide. The inability of nicotinamide to prevent the alloxan induced impairment of proinsulin biosynthesis, insulin release, and oxygen uptake, together with the failure of nicotinamide to prevent the development of diabetes when given after alloxan, does not support a current hypothesis that the major cytotoxic effect of alloxan is primarily due to DNA damage. The present data suggest that organelles other than the nuclei, e.g., the mitochondria or the plasma membrane, are the primary sites of B-cell injury by alloxan.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6237010 TI - Down's syndrome and the family: follow-up of children first seen in infancy. AB - Twenty-three survivors of a prospective study of infants with Down's syndrome were followed up at eight or nine years of age. All but three lived at home, and those three came home for weekends or school holidays. IQs varied from less than 20 to 80 (mean 48). IQ and adaptive behaviour scores were related to birthweight and muscle tone in infancy. Difficult behaviour was common, but differed from that of normal children. More of the parents had minor degrees of psychiatric disability than parents in the control families. Marital problems arising in the earlier years of the child's life persisted, but without further deterioration. The findings indicate that the priorities for these families are to help the parents deal with emotional repercussions, to teach communication skills to the child, and to diagnose and treat difficult behaviour. PMID- 6237011 TI - Alterations in lymphocyte subpopulations in type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus: exploration of possible mechanisms and relationships to autoimmune phenomena. AB - Previous studies have shown a variety of immunological abnormalities in Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes, including disturbances in peripheral lymphocytes and anti-lymphocyte antibodies. We measured subsets of T and natural killer cells with monoclonal antibodies in patients with diabetes, and also assayed for anti lymphocyte antibodies using dual colour immunofluorescence and flow cytometry. We found a significant decrease in numbers of Leu 3a (helper/inducer) cells in Type 1 diabetic patients of recent onset and intermediate levels in patients with longer duration of the disease. Leu 4 (pan T cell) levels were reduced in Type 1 diabetic patients of more than 4 months duration. Leu 7 (natural killer cells) were increased in Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetic patients. Individual Type 1 diabetic patients of recent onset showed low levels of Leu 7 and 11 a (natural killer cell) levels with normal 3a levels. Autoantibodies against Leu 3a + cells were present in higher titres in the Type 1 diabetic patients of recent onset than in control subjects. We conclude: (1) Leu 3a cells may be decreased in Type 1 diabetic patients of recent onset and return to normal with time; (2) low numbers of Leu 7 and 11a cells with normal numbers of Leu 3a may be seen in some Type 1 diabetic patients of recent onset, which may help explain previous reports of decreased suppressor cells; (3) Leu 7 levels may be increased in Type 2 diabetes; (4) autoantibodies against Leu 3a + peripheral lymphocytes may be seen in Type 1 diabetic patients of recent onset. These appear to be a marker of autoimmune phenomena rather than immunological mediators. PMID- 6237012 TI - Lymphocyte subpopulations at the onset of type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes. AB - Percentages of various T-lymphocyte subpopulations in the blood were studied at the onset of Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes. The number of lymphocytes with OKT8 markers was higher in the diabetic patients than in control subjects (p less than 0.005) and the ratio between helper and suppressor/cytotoxic T-cells (OKT4/OKT8 ratio) was lower in the diabetic patients than in the control group (p less than 0.005). The values in the diabetic patients were, however, essentially within the normal range. When Ia-antigen-positive cells were analysed in T-cell enriched cell populations, Type 1 diabetic patients had higher percentages of these cells (p less than 0.01), suggesting T-cell activation. When patients with either of the two major HLA risk antigens (Dw3 or Dw4) were compared, there was a significant difference in the OKT4/OKT8 ratio (p less than 0.005), as Dw3 positive patients had higher and Dw4-positive patients lower ratios. This finding supports the concept of heterogeneity of the disease and can also explain the discrepant findings of earlier studies. When patients with complement-fixing islet cell antibodies were compared with patients without islet cell antibodies, there was no significant difference, although the OKT4/OKT8 ratio was slightly lower in the complement-fixing islet cell antibody-positive patients. PMID- 6237013 TI - Peripheral blood T-cell subsets studied by monoclonal antibodies in type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes: effect of blood glucose control. AB - Peripheral T lymphocyte subsets were investigated, using monoclonal antibodies, in 14 patients with acute diabetes of duration less than 1 month (before insulin treatment) and after prolonged strict blood glucose control, and also in 40 healthy volunteers. At the time of diagnosis, the percentage total T cells was decreased (67.6 +/- 8.4 versus 72.8 +/- 6.6%), but T4 'helper' cells and T8 'suppressor/cytotoxic' cells were in the normal range. The T4/T8 ratio was not significantly higher than in the control group and B-cell percentages were increased (IgS: 18.3 +/- 7.1 versus 12.4 +/- 4.9%). The second T cell enumeration, performed after sustained normoglycaemia, showed a normal total T cell percentage and a decrease in the T4/T8 ratio depending on a decrease of T4 cells (38.3 +/- 12.8 versus 49.3 +/- 13.4), without any change of T8 lymphocytes; B cells remained elevated. These results suggest that insulin deficiency/metabolic derangement was responsible for an imbalance of circulating lymphocytes and underlines the importance of metabolic control in the assessment of such immunological parameters. PMID- 6237016 TI - Teaching dental care for the handicapped child. The Fairleigh Dickinson University program. PMID- 6237015 TI - Effect of insulin and transferrin in the maintenance of the activated state of the T-lymphocyte induced by allo-antigen. AB - Insulin is an immuno-modulating molecule enhancing cytotoxic T-cell function and supporting intermediary metabolism in activated lymphocytes. Insulin also maintains the activated state of mitogen-stimulated lymphocytes. Because of the importance of allo-antigen response of diabetic patients for infections and transplant immunity, we explored the role of insulin in the allo-activated state of lymphocytes. Allo-stimulation was provided in one-way mixed lymphocyte reactions, with Balb/C mouse lymph node cells responding to irradiated spleen cells of C57BL/6 mice, in culture under conditions which permitted evaluation of hormonal modulation. Mixed lymphocyte reactions established in fetal calf serum, insulin-depleted by passage over antibody affinity columns, were of equal magnitude to those in insulin-replete serum. A weak but positive mixed lymphocyte reaction can be effected with an artificial serum substitute containing no additional hormone. Provision of insulin (10 nmol/l) restored a full mixed lymphocyte reaction response which was mimicked by addition of transferrin. The insulin-transferrin combination was not additive. In conclusion, insulin and transferrin maintain the allo-activated state of the mouse lymphocyte, transferrin alone being sufficient when full antigenic stimulation is provided. If the same applies to human lymphocytes, insulin-deficient diabetic patients will respond to full allo-antigen challenge, and so should be fully capable of mounting a transplant immune response. PMID- 6237018 TI - Laser Doppler velocimetry: a new technique for the measurement of intestinal mucosal blood flow. AB - Laser Doppler velocimetry is a technique for continuous measurement of blood flow changes in tissue utilizing the Doppler shift principle. The authors describe a study designed to evaluate laser Doppler velocimetry measurement of blood flow in the canine small intestinal mucosa compared with electromagnetically measured total flow to the isolated segment of the intestine. PMID- 6237017 TI - [Lymphocytic and lymphocytoactive components in the etiopathogenic mechanisms of systemic lupus erythematosus. An analysis of the literature]. AB - Lymphocyte populations play an important role in the mechanism of autoantibody induction, mainly of antinuclear ones, in such collagen diseases as S.L.E. Aetiology and pathogenesis of SLE are multifactorial: genetic predisposition, lupogenic factors (among them the hormonal ones) with direct and indirect action on B and T lymphocytes, conditioning the production of lymphocytotoxins and antibodies against blood cells. Subjects carrying the HLA DRW3 antigen have three to four times more probabilities to get a S.L.E. In the serum of SLE patients as well as in their relatives auto-or heterolymphocytotoxic antibodies are present, directed against the antigens of the HLA complex. There is evidence that antilymphocyte antibodies appear in patients with procainamide induced SLE, as well as anti-IgG - and antierythrocyte antibodies; this fact is due to the impairment of the immunologic regulation. Concerning the circulating immunocomplexes (CIC) in idiopathic S.L.E., it was observed that they increase in patients with active SLE, but there is no statistical evidence of a significant inverse proportional rate of these parameters. The role of CIC in SLE induction is bound with T lymphocyte subsets. PMID- 6237014 TI - Severe hyperglycaemia caused by autoimmunization to beta cells in rats. AB - The non-specific activation of the immune system by administration of complete Freund's adjuvant was examined in Wistar rats as a possible means of amplification of the specific immune response directed to pancreatic B cells caused by low dose non-diabetogenic multiple injections of streptozotocin. Rats were given intraperitoneally 0.5 ml of complete Freund's adjuvant to induce polyclonal lymphocyte activation and, 1 day later, the animals were given an intraperitoneal injection of 15 mg streptozotocin/kg body weight (group 1). This combined treatment was given twice at weekly intervals. In two further groups, rats were treated with complete Freund's adjuvant alone (group 2) or streptozotocin alone (group 3) with the same doses and at the same times. Only the rats in group 1 developed delayed but severe and persistent hyperglycaemia. In addition, significant complement-dependent cytotoxicity was detected in nine out of 15 rats (60%) in group 1 in islet cells, but not in spleen lymphocytes. The pancreatic insulin content of the rats in group 1 was depleted by up to 3.1 +/- 0.5%. With these experiments, a new animal model for insulin-dependent diabetes is described; complete Freund's adjuvant/streptozotocin diabetes. In many aspects, this model of diabetes parallels the development of insulin dependent diabetes in man, including the humoral autoimmunity to islet cell antigens. PMID- 6237019 TI - Peritoneoscopy in the diagnosis of liver abscess. Experience with 108 cases during a 10-year period. AB - Among 4569 cases of peritoneoscopy performed in a period of 10 years (1972-1981), 108 patients with liver abscesses were encountered. The diagnosis of hepatic abscess was made on the basis of gross liver inspection and confirmed or disproved by needle puncture biopsy, histopathologic study, or surgery. Peritoneoscopy is a valuable procedure for the diagnosis of liver abscess. Liver aspiration under direct vision during peritoneoscopy yields more dependable material for the diagnosis of liver abscess than blind liver aspiration. Moreover, during peritoneoscopy one can choose more accurately the site for the insertion of the aspirating needle. PMID- 6237020 TI - Complications of diagnostic laparoscopy in Dallas: a 7-year prospective study. AB - The complication rate for diagnostic laparoscopy reported in the literature is very low (1.07%, 0.3%, and 0.03% for minor and major complications, and deaths, respectively). A prospective study of the complications of diagnostic laparoscopy by 17 gastroenterologists in the Dallas-Fort Worth metropolitan area is reported. In 603 laparoscopies performed during a 7-year period, there were 31 (5.1%) minor complications and 14 (2.3%) major complications requiring surgery or transfusion. These rates are five- and sevenfold higher (p less than 0.01) than are reported in retrospective series in the literature. There were three (0.49%) deaths in this series. It is concluded that retrospective studies have underestimated the complication rate of laparoscopy. However, despite the higher complication rate found in this prospective study, laparoscopy appears to be as safe or safer than other methods of establishing a tissue diagnosis under direct vision in intraabdominal diseases. PMID- 6237022 TI - [The question of liability in pregnancy cases]. PMID- 6237021 TI - [Prevention of postoperative adhesions--animal experiment study]. AB - Standardised lesions were placed on both uterine horns and on the abdominal wall of seventy-five female rabbits. The animals were divided into five groups consisting of 15 animals each. Before closure of the peritoneum the following drugs were applied in the peritoneal cavity: Group I received NaCl (control), Group II received 10 ml poly-(1-vinyl-1-pyrrolidone)-iodine complex (Betaisodona), Group III received 100 000 I. U. streptokinase and 25 000 I. U. streptodornase (Varidase), Group IV received 100 000 KIE approtinine (AntagosanA) and Group V received triamcinolone acetonide (Volon A-Haftsalbe). Two weeks after surgery the animals were relaparotomised and the situs was inspected. Quality and extent of the adhesions were assessed and documented. The results obtained in group II did not differ from controls, while the remaining groups showed significantly fewer adhesions. The best results were obtained in animals receiving Volon A-Haftsalbe (Group V) where 86% fewer adhesions were observed. PMID- 6237023 TI - [Incidence of the HBsAg carrier state in nonremunerated and regular donors of Dushanbe during 1975-1980]. PMID- 6237024 TI - Muscle development in thyroidectomised chickens (Gallus domesticus). AB - The metabolic and contractile activity of muscle was determined in immature cockerels made hypothyroid by surgical thyroidectomy at 6 weeks of age. Four weeks after thyroidectomy the activity of Mg2+-activated myofibrillar ATPase and total phosphorylase was reduced in the fast-phasic, posterior latissimus dorsi (PLD) and scapulotriceps (ST) muscles. The activities of these enzymes were unaffected in the slow-tonic, anterior latissimus dorsi (ALD) muscle. Thyroidectomy had no effect on length of the muscles studied but reduced the weight of the ALD and ST muscles. These results suggest that hypothyroidism results in a "slowing down" of fast-phasic muscles, although it does not affect the activity of slow-tonic muscles. PMID- 6237025 TI - Actomyosin adenosine triphosphatase regulation by intramolecular myosin mechanisms. Myosin light chains functions and rod modification effects. AB - Mechanisms of the actomyosin ATPase modulation via the myosin light chains (LC) in various myosin types are discussed. The essential LC increase the stability of the myosin heavy chains (HC) in the myosin heads and, under certain conditions, they can affect the degree of interaction of HC with actin. The regulatory LC (RLC) are sensitive to calcium binding on specific sites or to calcium activated phosphorylation. These factors induce changes of the RLC state followed by changes of the HC state in response to calcium concentration changes during the contractile process. Direct calcium binding or phosphorylation effects in various muscles are mediated by special types of RLC and HC. Several examples of actomyosin ATPase changes induced by modifications of the myosin rod are compared. A common feature of these effects is a possible involvement of certain configurational changes of the myosin molecule. These changes can affect the spatial position of the myosin heads and the myosin-actin interaction. PMID- 6237026 TI - Functional interchangeability of DNA replication genes in Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli demonstrated by a general complementation procedure. AB - Twenty-four genes from Salmonella typhimurium that affect DNA replication were isolated from a lambda-Salmonella genomic library by lysogenic complementation of temperature-sensitive mutants of Salmonella or E. coli, using a new plaque complementation assay. The complementing lambda clones, which make red plaques in this assay, and noncomplementing mutant derivatives, which make uncolored plaques, were used to further characterize the temperature-sensitive Salmonella mutants and to establish the functional similarity of E. coli and Salmonella DNA replication genes. For 17 of 18 E. coli mutants representing distinct loci, a Salmonella gene that complemented the mutant was found. This result indicates that single Salmonella replication proteins are able to function in otherwise all E. coli replication complexes and suggests that the detailed properties of Salmonella and E. coli replication proteins are very similar. The other seven Salmonella genes that were cloned were unrelated functionally to any E. coli genes examined. --As an aid to the derivation of chromosomal mutations affecting some of the cloned genes, a general method was developed for placing a transposon in the Salmonella chromosome in a segment corresponding to cloned DNA. Chromosomal mutations were derived in Salmonella affecting a gene (dnaA) that was cloned by complementation of an E. coli mutant by using the transposon-encoded drug resistance as a selectable marker in local mutagenesis. PMID- 6237027 TI - How to maintain the health of independent elderly. PMID- 6237028 TI - [Background radiation and the incidence of cataract among inhabitants of the Far North]. PMID- 6237029 TI - [Concentration of uranium, thorium and several microelements in the hair of residents of industrial and agricultural regions]. PMID- 6237030 TI - [Regional features of the hygienic monitoring of water supplies from irrigation systems in Uzbekistan]. PMID- 6237031 TI - [Morbidity in tubal occlusion by laparoscopy]. PMID- 6237032 TI - [Female sterilization monitored by laparoscopy. Evaluation of 2 electrosurgical occlusive technics]. PMID- 6237033 TI - [Dynamics of the liver enzyme profile of workers in the phosphorus industry and of patients with chronic phosphorus poisoning following the use of hyperbaric oxygenation]. PMID- 6237034 TI - [Physiological hygienic evaluation of the working conditions of workers repairing the gas scrubbers in an aluminum plant]. PMID- 6237035 TI - [Efficacy of using Kimbarovskii's urine color sedimentation reaction in industrial hygiene research]. PMID- 6237036 TI - [Becoming an industrial hygiene physician]. PMID- 6237037 TI - [Dermatologic and endocrinologic aspects of hirsutism]. PMID- 6237038 TI - [Therapeutic possibilities in hirsutism]. PMID- 6237039 TI - Artificial blood. PMID- 6237040 TI - [Onychomycosis]. PMID- 6237041 TI - [Allergic dermatoses. 6. Bullous allergic exanthemas]. PMID- 6237042 TI - Enzyme polymorphism in placentae from northern Greece. AB - Variations at the PGM1, GOTm, GOTs, and EsD loci were studied in placental samples from Northern Greece. The gene frequencies of GOTm and GOTs were found to be comparable with frequencies reported in other Caucasian populations. The frequencies of the EsD and PGMa11 alleles, however, were lower in Northern Greece than in other European populations. PMID- 6237043 TI - 6PGD and PGM1 polymorphisms in south Sardinia. AB - A sample of unrelated individuals, born and living in South Sardinia, was studied with respect to the enzymes 6PGD and PGM1. The gene frequencies were: PGDA 0.989 and PGM1 0.790. The results were compared with those of other Italian populations. PMID- 6237044 TI - Major histocompatibility complex-restricted and unrestricted interactions in the T cell-dependent activation of hapten-binding B cells. AB - The requirements for linked recognition and major histocompatibility complex restricted interactions in helper T cell-dependent activation of purified unprimed and primed hapten-binding B cells have been investigated. The activation of unprimed hapten-binding B cells required specific antigen and restricted interactions between helper T cells and B cells. As expected, specific hapten carrier conjugates were essential for the activation of B cells at low antigen doses. Interestingly, however, supraoptimal concentrations (125 micrograms/ml) of carrier protein alone could substitute for specific conjugates in the activation of unprimed B cells. The requirement for restricted helper T cell-B interactions was unchanged under these conditions. These results are discussed in terms of the signalling requirements for B cell activation. In contrast to the results using hapten-specific B cells from unprimed mice, the further stimulation of B cells prepared from mice primed 5 to 7 days earlier with immunogenic forms of the hapten was limited only by the requirements for helper T cell activation. The transition in the activation properties of B cells following in vivo stimulation was not solely a result of the binding of B cell membrane immunoglobulin to specific antigen, since the interaction of unprimed B cells with hapten during their purification, even for extended periods of time, did not alter the requirements for their further stimulation. These results demonstrate that the recent antigenic experience of B cells determines their activation state which, in turn, dictates the further requirements for helper T cell function in B cell stimulation. This implies that specificity of the immune response is determined in the early stages of B cell activation. PMID- 6237045 TI - Induction of "allogeneic effect"-like reaction by syngeneic TNP-modified lymphoid cells. AB - TNP-substituted SRBC-immune spleen cells, when injected into cyclophosphamide treated recipients, are recognized by T lymphocytes and produce, in the presence of specific antigen (SRBC), significantly more PFC than nonsubstituted cells. Labeling of immune B cells is more important in producing the augmented responses than is the labeling of immune T cells. TNP determinant has to be bound directly to the transferred immune cells to produce enhanced antibody responses, as when recipients were injected with non-substituted immune cells and TNP-substituted non-immune cells simultaneously, no increase in PFC number was noted (lack of a bystander effect). When recipients were rendered tolerant to TNP, two separate effects were observed, dependent on the mode of inducing unresponsiveness. In mice which were treated with TNP over an extended period of time, lack of recognition of TNP was demonstrated, such that TNP-substituted cells failed, when transferred, to produce an augmented response. When a short-term tolerogenic regime was used, the adoptively transferred TNP-labeled cells gave a very poor response (greater than 95% inhibition) due to in vivo suppression and/or killing. These results, together with the lack of influence of tolerance induced to unrelated hapten (DNP or OX), confirm the antigen specificity of the phenomenon. The reaction observed by us shows a striking resemblance with, but not identical to, the "allogeneic effect" produced by MHC encoded alloantigens. Our results extend the list of analogous immune reactions induced by MHC encoded alloantigens and TNP-derivatized self. PMID- 6237046 TI - Ehrlich ascites cells activate the alternative pathway of the human complement system. AB - Incubation of Ehrlich ascites cells with normal or C1q or C2 deficient human sera results in killing of the cells. Killing occurred also in the absence of free Ca++, which supported by the fact that factor B and C3 were cleaved, leads to the conclusion that the alternative pathway of the complement system is activated on the surface of the Ehrlich ascites cells. PMID- 6237047 TI - Mixed leukocyte reaction, graft-versus-host reaction, and skin allograft rejection in the lizard, Chalcides ocellatus. AB - In optimal seasonal conditions, splenocytes derived from adult lizards, Chalcides ocellatus, responded to vigorous proliferation in two- and one-way mixed leukocyte reaction cultures (MLRC). Data based on a large number of reciprocal MLRC provided evidence for the presence of strong and diverse lymphocyte activating determinants. These findings were fully confirmed in studies of systemic graft-versus-host reaction as intraperitoneal injection of splenocytes into newborn allogeneic recipients consistently induced splenomegaly, retarded growth and mortality. In favourable ambient conditions, adult lizards were also able to reject skin allografts in a subacute manner (mean survival time +/- S.E. = 28.8 +/- 0.88). The results clearly indicate that the lizard, Chalcides ocellatus, is endowed with an advanced type of cell-mediated immunity, and possesses strong and polymorphic histocompatibility antigens. Cellular alloreactivity in MLRC and towards skin grafts was, however, abrogated in winter and significantly diminished during spring through mid-summer as compared to mid summer till autumn. The present study, thus, suggests that immunological defects attributed to reptiles might be more apparent than real, and essentially ascribable to the fact that the immune capacity of these ectothermic vertebrates is profoundly modulated by environmental conditions. PMID- 6237048 TI - Preservation of Fc gamma receptor-mediated particle phagocytosis and binding with rat alveolar macrophages adhered to a plastic substrate in a serum free system. AB - Functional differences between adherent macrophages and macrophages in suspension have been repeatedly reported. During the course of developing serum-free phagocytic assays to evaluate Fc gamma receptor (Fc gamma R)-mediated phagocytosis by rat alveolar macrophages (AM) we found Fc gamma R-mediated phagocytosis by Rat AM in suspension was markedly greater than when these cells were bound to plastic substrate in protein-free medium. This dissimilarity in performance was related, in part, to a plastic substrate-associated loss in Fc gamma R-mediated phagocytosis in that this cell function was preserved when monolayers of AM were formed in culture medium containing a low concentration of bovine serum albumin (BSA). The results of particle binding studies suggest the diminished phagocytic activities of AM in monolayers formed in the absence of BSA was due to a loss in the functional expression of Fc gamma R. PMID- 6237049 TI - Specificity of antigen induced helper factor for antibody synthesis in vitro and its relation to lymphocytes interaction. AB - Human peripheral blood B-cells can be stimulated with PWM and antigen to produce specific antibody in vitro. This stimulation depends on the presence of T-cells and antigen. T cells, however, can be replaced by a soluble factor derived from a 48-hr culture of T-cells with either PWM and/or antigen. The helper factor, in the absence of antigen, acts as a polyclonal activator causing minimal proliferation of B-cells. When antigen is present, production of specific antibody is not dependent on the source of helper factor. Removal of monocytes abolished synthesis of both Ig and specific antibody although antigen and/or helper factor were present. While production of total IgG required autologous monocytes, the origin of the helper factor was not crucial. Production of specific antibody required that both monocytes and helper factor be derived from the same donor; therefore it seems that cooperation of B-, T-cells and monocytes for production of specific antibody is probably Ia restricted. In contrast, for production of polyclonal Ig (in the absence of antigen), cooperation of B-cells and monocytes with T-cells is not. PMID- 6237050 TI - Tetanus toxoid reactive T lymphocytes in the cerebrospinal fluid of multiple sclerosis patients. AB - Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) lymphocytes of 6 multiple sclerosis (MS) patients were cultured with tetanus toxoid (TT) and irradiated autologous antigen presenting cells (APC) followed by propagation of the responding T-cells in interleukin-2 containing medium. TT-reactive cell lines were recovered from 4 of the 6 CSF samples, even though the patients had not been TT booster immunized in recent years. These findings suggest an active circulation of antigen reactive lymphocytes from the systemic immune compartment(s) into the CSF even without recent activation by booster immunization. Since immune reactions to TT are very unlikely to be pathogenic in MS, these findings also indicate that presence of CSF lymphocytes reactive to a particular antigen does not necessarily imply a causal role. PMID- 6237051 TI - Lymphocyte sub-population counts after a single 40 mg administration of piroxicam in 20 patients with rheumatoid arthritis. A placebo-controlled study. AB - Patients with active rheumatoid arthritis are characterized by a decrease in the number of circulating T-suppressor lymphocytes (identified by OKT8), resulting in an imbalance between helper (identified by OKT4) and suppressor cells. Piroxicam is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent which modulates lymphocytic functions, especially by reducing the concentration of the rheumatoid factor in vitro and in vivo. A double-blind placebo-controlled study was performed in 20 patients suffering from active RA to investigate the acute effect of a single administration of piroxicam 40 mg on the number of circulating OKT3, T4, T8 and IA1 positive cells. Blood samples were obtained 16 hours before and 0, 2, 6, 8, 24, 48, and 72 h after administration of piroxicam or placebo. There was a significant decrease (P less than 0.05) in T4/T8 cell ratio 48 and 72 h after piroxicam, whereas placebo had no effect. There were no significant changes in absolute numbers of total T-lymphocyte (OKT3 positive cells), T-helper-inducer (OKT4 positive cells) and T-suppressor cytotoxic lymphocytes (OKT8 positive cells). The number of IA1 positive cells (B-cells and activated T-lymphocytes) was significantly higher in the afternoon samples (at 14.00 and 16.00 hours) than in the morning samples (at 08.00 and 10.00 hours) after both placebo and piroxicam administration (P less than 0.05). These data show that piroxicam decreases the T4/T8 cell ratio in active RA, but only 48 h after the first administration.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6237052 TI - Current understanding of systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - Following recognition of its milder forms, SLE has emerged as a major inflammatory rheumatic disease. The etiology of SLE is unknown although genetic, hormonal, and infective factors are implicated. There is a weak familial tendency and SLE frequency is raised in individuals with complement deficiencies. In a recent U.K. family study, 80% of SLE patients had a null allele at the C4 locus, compared with 20% of normals. Despite findings from animal studies there is no direct evidence for infective etiology in human SLE. Lymphocytotoxic antibodies have been found in up to 50% of household contacts of SLE patients, and viral antigens (particularly C-type) have been demonstrated in tissues from SLE patients. Hormonal factors play an important part in the disease. The female to male ratio is 9:1, rising to 30:1 in the main childbearing years and there is a tendency towards exacerbation of SLE in the puerperium. Preliminary evidence suggests that males with lupus may have abnormal estrogen metabolism. The parts played by hormonal factors on the immunological aberrations in SLE are uncertain. Abnormalities of the idiotype network in SLE have been confirmed in a number of studies. Patients with active SLE frequently experience impairment of suppressor T-cell function, which may contribute to the proliferation of circulating humoral antibodies. Siblings of SLE patients have asymptomatic abnormalities of suppressor T-cell function and, interestingly, most abnormalities were found in female siblings. Treatment in SLE has become more conservative; most patients in remission do not need treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6237053 TI - Anthropometry of mongol males and females. PMID- 6237054 TI - On the research status of risk-adjusted capitation rates. AB - Capitation as an alternative to traditional charge and cost reimbursement has been a serious policy issue since at least 1970, and is currently one of the most seriously debated and far-reaching health issues before Congress. Nonetheless, the research effort on risk-adjusted per capita payment has been meager. In this overview, the author points out the pitfalls of prior utilization as a basis for capitation rates. He suggests instead that a capitation risk adjustment system be developed that eliminates cost variation resulting from patient risk but not that resulting from provider inefficiency, and that risk values across groups be normalized to prevent "risk group creep" and to ensure budget neutrality. He concludes that because obstacles were overcome in developing the current per admission DRG system for Medicare, the same can be done for a capitation system, and makes specific suggestions for doing so. PMID- 6237055 TI - The uninsured and the financing of uncompensated care: scope, costs, and policy options. AB - Access to health care services for the poor and uninsured and financing hospital bad debt and charity care costs encompass two separate and different sets of public policy concerns. However, the two are increasingly considered together by policy makers concerned that future marketplace pressures will challenge hospitals' willingness and ability to provide free care to the poor. This paper explores this presumption, looking at the characteristics and the magnitude of the uninsured population, the cost of bad debt and charity care, and the distribution of those costs among hospitals and among third-party payers. Four broad policy approaches directed at assuring access to care are raised, and the strengths and weaknesses of each approach are discussed. PMID- 6237057 TI - Do HMOs produce specific services more efficiently? AB - Previous research on the effects of HMOs on health care costs has concentrated on aggregate costs and resource use and has shown that HMOs result in lower costs. The only consistent sources of the cost savings are the lower hospital admission rates and hospital lengths of stay for HMO enrollees. This paper contains the results of an investigation of whether HMOs can more efficiently produce a given service. Four common inpatient procedures were analyzed to determine whether there were any differences in resource consumption and overall costs for HMO patients than for fee-for-service patients. Although significant levels of resource savings were found for various procedures for HMO enrollees, these savings did not always result in lower overall costs. PMID- 6237056 TI - The financial characteristics of hospitals under for-profit and nonprofit contract management. AB - In this assessment of the financial characteristics of a large sample of contract managed hospitals compared with traditionally managed hospitals, emphasis was given to differences between hospitals managed by for-profit and nonprofit organizations and between hospitals before and after they were contract managed. Our findings suggest higher profitability for hospitals managed by nonprofit organizations in light of their poor profitability prior to contract management and better activity ratios for for-profit managed hospitals. These and other findings are discussed in terms of their implications for both hospital administrators and researchers. PMID- 6237058 TI - Manpower planning, fiscal restraint, and the "demand" for health care personnel. AB - During 1979 and 1980, widely circulated newspaper stories in British Columbia reported nurse shortages in the province and warned of dire consequences from what was perceived to be a worsening situation. Because the reports were unsupported by empirical evidence, we undertook to directly monitor net requirements for health care personnel in the province. Focusing on difficult-to fill positions, we found that geographic location and size of facility figured prominently in the distribution of vacancies, but that public-sector cost containment policies had a dominant impact in reducing vacancies in the health care sector. Health manpower planning may thus depend as much on predicting the size and disposition of the revenue base as on quantifying the perceived need for health care services. PMID- 6237059 TI - Differences in the numbers and costs of tests ordered by internists, family physicians, and psychiatrists. AB - One hundred forty-six physicians responded to two written patient vignettes by recording problem lists, diagnostic impressions, and the tests and procedures they would have ordered after the initial encounter with the hypothetical patient described in each vignette. Wide variations within medical specialty were found in the number and types of tests or procedures ordered and their costs. We conclude that little consensus exists among physicians as to types of tests and procedures to order, and that private habits or rituals may account for much of the variation in ordering patterns. These findings point to the need for intensive study of how physicians respond to clinical ambiguity as well as how test-ordering habits and rituals arise and persist in different practice settings even within the same specialty. The health care cost implications are substantial. PMID- 6237060 TI - A four-cell typology to measure hospital teaching status. AB - Hospital participation in graduate medical education is of increasing interest in the health policy arena because of its financial and behavioral implications for hospitals. In this attempt to create a more refined method of measuring hospital teaching status, a four-cell classification, or typology, of all nonfederal short term general teaching hospitals was developed from 11 descriptors of educational output. This typology proved to be both effective in distinguishing different types of teaching institutions and useful in analyzing interhospital variation in scope of services, case mix, and cost. PMID- 6237062 TI - A comparison of the antibody responses of badgers (Meles meles) and rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) to some common antigens. AB - The primary and secondary antibody responses of rabbits and badgers were compared after intravenous inoculation of inactivated influenza A virus, sheep erythrocytes (SRBCs), bovine serum albumin (BSA) or bacteriophage psi X174. BSA was also given as a primary injection by the intramuscular route in solution or in Freund's incomplete or complete adjuvant, followed by an intravenous secondary inoculation without adjuvant. Antibody responses were monitored by: haemagglutination inhibition and neutralization tests for influenza virus; direct and antiglobulin haemagglutination tests for SRBCs; indirect haemagglutination test and the Farr method for antigen-binding capacity (ABC) for BSA; neutralization of psi X174. Rabbits gave good responses to all antigens, but the response of badgers was generally poor. After intravenous administration, badgers gave a good response only to psi X174, but even then they produced less antibody than rabbits receiving 100 times less antigen; the immune elimination of phage was more rapid and antibody appeared about 48 h earlier in rabbits than in badgers. Intramuscular administration of BSA and the use of adjuvants improved the badgers' response, with greatest improvement in ABC. These results indicate that badgers display relatively poor immune responses to a variety of antigens. PMID- 6237063 TI - Cord blood T lymphocyte subpopulations in premature and full-term infants. AB - Cord blood lymphocyte preparations from premature and full-term infants were examined for T cell subsets using monoclonal antibodies. The number of T cells in relation to the total number of lymphocytes, the proportions of T helper (Th), and T suppressor (Ts) phenotypes, respectively, were the same in preterm infants of gestational age (GA) 26-36 weeks and term infants (GA 38-41) weeks). There was no correlation between GA and Th/Ts ratio. The relative number Ts was significantly lower in infants than in adult women. PMID- 6237061 TI - Aerobactin iron transport genes commonly encoded by certain ColV plasmids occur in the chromosome of a human invasive strain of Escherichia coli K1. AB - The aerobactin-mediated iron uptake system encoded by pColV-K30 and other ColV plasmids has been associated with the ability of Escherichia coli strains to cause disease. We investigated whether the pColV-K30 aerobactin system is present in E. coli K1 VW187 isolated from a human neonate with meningitis. This strain exhibited a functional aerobactin-mediated iron uptake system, as assessed by a cross-feeding bioassay and by its sensitivity to cloacin, a bacteriocin that recognizes the outer membrane receptor for iron-aerobactin complexes. By using a variety of techniques, we could not find any plasmid harboring the aerobactin genes. Hybridization of restriction endonuclease-cleaved chromosomal DNA from strain VW187 with various clones containing subsets of the pColV-K30 aerobactin region showed that the aerobactin genes were located on a 10.5-kilobase-pair chromosomal HindIII restriction fragment which also contained IS1-like insertion sequences. The chromosomal aerobactin region showed a high degree of conservation when compared with the homologous region in plasmid pColV-K30, although it was located on a different restriction endonuclease site environment. PMID- 6237064 TI - Electrolytically labeled [99mTc]MDP: chromatographic pattern, stability and biodistribution in rats. AB - The labeling of methylene diphosphonate with 99mTc is possible after reduction of pertechnetate by means of controlled potential electrolysis. This results in a [99mTc]MDP complex which differs slightly from 99mTc(Sn)-MDP in paper and gel chromatography. The scintigraphic images of both preparations are comparable in quality. Biodistribution in rats shows a higher bone uptake for the 99mTc(Sn)-MDP complex, whereas [99mTc]MDP shows a higher uptake in the gastric wall. PMID- 6237065 TI - Characterization of plasminogen activators from normal human breast and colon and from breast and colon carcinomas. AB - Triton X-100 and NaSCN extracts of 18 normal breast and colon tissues and of 20 breast and colon carcinomas were fractionated by SDS-PAGE and plasminogen activators (PA) revealed by a zymographic method. Four different lysis bands, corresponding to MWs of 54,000, 68,000, 95,000 and 110,000 were observed. Using immunoadsorption with specific antisera against urokinase (UK) and tissue PA (t PA), we found that all normal tissue extracts contained free t-PA (68 kd). Some of these revealed, in addition, a complex (110 kd) of t-PA with a 40-kd component. The latter presumably represents the fast-acting specific inhibitor of t-PA and UK. Most carcinoma extracts contained, in addition to the two t-PA related lysis bands, the UK-related 54 kd PA, and some a 95 kd complex of UK with the 40 kd component. For each extractant, mean total fibrinolytic activity of normal and tumor tissue was comparable when measured on conventional fibrin plates, but breast and colon carcinomas contained higher concentrations of UK related PA. PA activity was higher in normal and carcinoma NaSCN extracts than in the corresponding Triton X-100 extracts. In general, Triton X-100 but not NaSCN extracts of malignant tissue contained a high concentration of fibrinolytic inhibitors. Mixing experiments revealed that the inhibitory activity was mainly directed against UK. It was abolished by acidification of the carcinoma extracts. The anti-UK inhibitory activity was absent in extracts of normal breast or colon and appears to be different from the 40 kd fast-acting PA inhibitor. These studies show that malignant transformation of breast and colon is accompanied by important changes of the production of a UK-related PA and of an inhibitory activity directed against UK. PMID- 6237066 TI - The persistent enigma of percutaneous angioplasty. AB - In summary, while both the short-term and long-term success of PTCA is undeniable in most patients, the basis for this success remains an enigma. Admittedly, simply because "plaque fractures" and "dissection clefts" have been observed to occur as the result of artifact, one cannot exclude the possibility that the success of PTCA may be related to these lesions. Alternatively, the fact that improved vessel patency is frequently observed angiographically and pathologically in the absence of such lesions precludes firm assurance that such lesions are the basis for a successful dilatation. Identification of the mechanism responsible for the success of PTCA is more than a matter of simple curiosity: improved understanding of the basis for successful PTCA might lead to technical refinements in the procedure and allow one to better tailor the technique to individual variations in lesion morphology. Perhaps the combined use of selective, intra-vascular angioscopy at the time of PTCA will enhance our understanding of the fundamental mechanism responsible for this highly effective therapy. PMID- 6237067 TI - The electrocardiogram and coronary artery spasm. AB - This discussion does not attempt to explain why the ECG of patients during rest angina accompanied by coronary spasm sometimes demonstrates ST segment elevation, at other times less impressive changes and, on occasion, no important change. Regardless, the important point is that ECG changes during an episode of chest pain are not a necessary criterion for the diagnosis of angina pectoris either in patients presenting with rest or exertional chest pain syndromes. PMID- 6237068 TI - Treatment of idiopathic hirsute women with two combinations of cyproterone acetate. AB - The effect of two combinations, reverse sequential and monophasic, with cyproterone-acetate, have been studied in a group of 14 women suffering from idiopathic hirsutism. The results obtained prove that both combinations have ovulation blocking properties, by decreasing the FSH, LH, progesterone and oestrogen levels, but also have favourable effects in the treatment of hirsutism. The reverse sequential combination showed an increase in the prolactin figures, although these figures were within normal limits. PMID- 6237069 TI - Echocardiography in clinical pharmacology: developing new concepts on the pathophysiology of left ventricular hypertrophy in arterial hypertension. AB - By using echocardiography it is possible to quantify accurately and repeatedly the degree of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) in patients with arterial hypertension. It therefore appears to be a valuable tool for investigating the mechanisms that may be involved in the pathogenesis of this condition in hypertensive patients. The role of increased afterload in LVH induction is well established, and results of several independent laboratories concord in indicating blood pressure as a major independent factor in the pathogenesis of LVH in hypertensive patients. The role of factors other than blood pressure has not yet been fully established, however, in this setting. Animal and human studies from different laboratories are providing conflicting results on the possible role of factors such as the catecholamines or the renin-angiotensin system as additional stimuli facilitating LVH development. Clinical pharmacology could be a useful tool in seeking to clarify this important question. Drugs that lower blood pressure without consistently affecting the humoral factors possibly responsible for LVH might be expected to induce a lesser degree of LVH reversal than drugs that lower blood pressure while at the same time reducing or inhibiting the factors responsible for LVH. This experimental approach raises several methodological and technical points which are crucial in the trial planning stages. The question whether borderline hypertensive patients should be considered separately from stable hypertensive patients in the search for relationships between LVH and possible pathogenic factors is also discussed. PMID- 6237070 TI - Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Common chemical and clinical characteristics. PMID- 6237071 TI - Lymphocyte surface phenotypes in Down's syndrome. AB - The lymphocyte surface phenotypes in the blood of 7 non-institutionalized adults with trisomy-21, and in 10 karyotypically normal control subjects, were analysed by fluorescent microscopy with an OKT series of monoclonal antibodies. Whereas the proportions of OKT3+, OKT4+ and OKT6+ cells were similar in the two groups, the percentages of both OKT8+ and OKT10+ trisomic lymphocytes were significantly higher. The biological implications of these findings with respect to the underlying immunopathology of Down's syndrome are discussed. PMID- 6237072 TI - The influence of short-duration stretch on vasoconstrictor response in rabbit aortas. AB - Circumferential strips of rabbit aorta were subjected to 60-second graded stretches in vitro. Before and after each stretch, the vasoconstrictor dose responses to potassium and norepinephrine were measured. For stretch between 130 to 190% of resting length, vasoconstrictor response was progressively enhanced. However, arteries stretched 190 to 220% of resting length showed a significant fall in developed tension in response to either vasoconstrictor. Since arteries in vivo operate at 150 to 180% of resting length due to physiologic distention, it is likely that effective angioplasty does induce paralysis of vascular smooth muscle. PMID- 6237073 TI - The effect of distal sepsis on arterial grafts: an experimental study. PMID- 6237074 TI - The neonatologist's duty to patient and parents. PMID- 6237075 TI - The new OSHA rules and the worker's right to know. PMID- 6237076 TI - Reporting the case of Baby Jane Doe. PMID- 6237077 TI - [Granuloma formation following intracutaneous administration of procaine polyvinylpyrrolidone]. AB - After intracutaneous application (dermojet) of procaine polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) because of backpain in a 60-year-old woman, multiple brownish-red nodules developed at the injection site within a few days. The histology showed signs of a sarcoid granuloma. There was no clinical evidence for sarcoidosis in this patient. An allergic reaction of the granulomatous type is suspected. PMID- 6237078 TI - Glycerolphosphate oxidase and succinate dehydrogenase activities in IIA and IIB fibres of mouse and rabbit tibialis anterior muscles. AB - Quantitative microphotometric measurements of two mitochondrial flavoproteins, glycerolphosphate oxidase (GP-OX) and succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), were performed on serial sections of mouse and rabbit tibialis anterior (TA) muscles in order to study the distribution of these two enzymes and their activity ratios in IIA and IIB fibres. The measurements showed a large scatter of the two enzyme activities in these two myosin-based fibre types. In rabbit TA, IIA and IIB fibres have similar GP-OX activities, whereas generally IIA fibres have higher SDH activities than IIB fibres. An inverse distribution of the two enzymes exists in mouse muscle. Generally, IIA fibres of mouse TA display low SDH and IIB fibres high SDH activities. The mean activity of GP-OX is slightly higher in IIA than in IIB fibres of mouse TA. Since measurements of both enzymes were taken in the same fibres, the ratio of their activities in each fibre could be evaluated. The SDH/GP-OX activity ratios vary significantly between the two fibre populations both in rabbit and in mouse. The ratio is high in IIA and low in IIB fibres of rabbit TA, whereas it is low in IIA and high in IIB fibres of mouse TA. PMID- 6237079 TI - DDAVP modified water-deprivation test in diagnosis of diabetes insipidus in a vasopressin-sensitive patient. PMID- 6237080 TI - Nitroimidazoles as modifiers of nitrosourea pharmacokinetics. AB - We have studied the effect of a number of nitroimidazole sensitizers of varying lipophilicity on the pharmacokinetics of CCNU in mice. It was found that the effectiveness of these compounds in producing pharmacokinetic effects correlated directly with their lipophilicity, viz. in the order: benznidazole (Benzo) greater than Ro07-1902 misonidazole greater than (MISO) greater than Ro05-9963. The effects of MISO on the pharmacokinetics of 4 nitrosoureas of differing lipophilicity were also investigated. The plasma clearances of CCNU, BCNU and MeCCNU (high lipophilicity) were slowed by MISO whereas that of chlorozotocin (Chlz) (low lipophilicity) was unaffected. Thus, it seems that for a pharmacokinetic interaction to occur between a nitroimidazole and a nitrosourea, both the modifier and the cytotoxic agent must have a requisite degree of lipophilicity. As the same requirement appears to hold for enhancement of tumor response, these data provide further evidence that pharmacokinetic modification plays a major role in chemosensitization. PMID- 6237081 TI - A comparison of the ability of some radiosensitizers undergoing clinical trials to act as chemosensitizers. AB - The abilities of misonidazole, Ro 05-9963, Ro 03-8799 and Sr-2508 to enhance the action of the drugs cyclophosphamide (CY) and melphalan (L-PAM) have been compared in two mouse fibrosarcomas at acute and chronic sensitizer doses. SR 2508 was not effective with either CY or L-PAM in either tumor. Some enhancement of CY was obtained with Ro 05-9963 and Ro 03-8799; however, the degree of enhancement varied according to tumor and acute or chronic sensitizer dose. In all cases, the degree of enhancement was less than that obtained with an equivalent dose of misonidazole in both tumor systems. Of the four compounds tested, MISO would appear to have the most potential as a chemosensitizer. PMID- 6237082 TI - The effect of timing on chemosensitization by clinical levels of SR-2508. AB - The nitroimidazole SR-2508 is currently being tested clinically as a radiosensitizer. Its relatively low toxicity allows it to be used at higher doses than misonidazole so that its potential as a chemosensitizer is also of considerable interest. Multiple injections of SR-2508 were given to SCC VII/St tumor-bearing mice to achieve a clinically realistic plasma concentration of approximately 300 micrograms/ml over 8 hrs. Single doses of melphalan (L-PAM) or cyclophosphamide (CY) were given at different times after the first SR 2508 injection. With L-PAM, a delay of at least 2 hr was necessary before enhancement of L-PAM cytotoxicity was observed. A similar result was obtained when a simulation was carried out with SCC VII/St tumor cells in vitro. Results with CY were less clear, although the most consistent enhancement was observed when a 4 to 8 hr interval elapsed between the beginning of SR 2508 exposure and the CY injection. In general, although precise timing was not essential for enhancement, an interval of at least 4 hr is recommended between the administration of SR 2508 and either alkylating agent. This is particularly important for L-PAM where no enhancement would be expected if the drugs were given simultaneously. PMID- 6237083 TI - Clinical trials with hypoxic cell sensitizers: time to retrench or time to push forward? AB - Results of world-wide clinical trials with misonidazole are discussed. An attempt is made to assess the reasons for the lack of positive results and the cost benefit analysis is critically reviewed. The data on the clinical investigations of the second generation misonidazole analogues SR-2508 and RO-03-8799 are presented. Emphasis is placed on future work such as tumor selection for clinical trials, reduction of drug toxicity and methods to increase the drug radiosensitizing properties. Because of the large amount of knowledge, experience, productivity and good scientific clinical data accummulated with nitroimidazoles over the past five years, it is recommended that this is the time to push forward with the work on the newest, more efficient compounds. PMID- 6237084 TI - Dose-response relationships for human tumors: implications for clinical trials of dose modifying agents. AB - Clinical benefit from dose modifying agents depends upon the effectiveness of the agents and the steepness of dose response curves for the local control of human tumors by radiotherapy. We have analyzed the two prospective trials and the many retrospective analyses of clinical data from the literature to determine what dose increment is needed to increase local control from 40 to 60%. This increment ranges from 3 to greater than 35%. Thus a dose modifying factor of at least 1.03 (to greater than 1.35) will be necessary for clinical detection of the benefit of a new modality, even if 135 patients are included in each arm of a trial. Two dose levels in the new treatment arm would ensure that therapeutic advantage could be assessed, and would also generate prospective dose response information. PMID- 6237085 TI - Neuropathy of nitroimidazole radiosensitizers: clinical and pathological description. AB - The dose limiting toxicity of the nitroimidazole radiosensitizers is peripherial neuropathy. Improved pharmacology of newer drugs has eliminated the encephalopathy. Peripheral neuropathies are predominently mild to moderate paresthesias of both hands and feet. Subjective changes occur with or without minimal objective changes on neurologic exam. All of the neuropathies occurred within 30 days of the last drug dose and are of variable duration. Sural nerve biopsies from patients indicate progressive axonal degeneration affecting both large and small caliber myelinated fibers. Axonal damage appears to be more severe in the distal portion of the nerves. More data are needed for correlation of clinical and pathological changes. PMID- 6237086 TI - Initial report of the phase I trial of the hypoxic cell radiosensitizer SR-2508. AB - From March 15, through August 31, 1983, 37 patients have been entered on the RTOG Phase I trial of SR-2508. The drug was given intravenously three times weekly for three weeks. The starting total dose was 11.7 g/m2 and the highest total dose given was 32 g/m2. The lower lipophilicity of SR-2508 has produced the expected decrease in terminal half-life (5.4 hrs) of drug excretion and increase in total drug excreted unchanged in the urine (71%) compared to misonidazole or desmethylmisonidazole. The maximum single dose (3.7 g/m2) administered was well tolerated. With multiple doses peripheral neuropathy is the dose-limiting toxicity. The lowest cumulative dose producing toxicity was 21.6 g/m2, the highest non-toxic dose was 29.7 g/m2. The use of an individual patient's drug exposure as measured by the area under the curve of drug concentration vs time may be an excellent predictor of toxicity. This may eventually permit individualization of dose and prevention of serious toxicity. A single dose of 2 g/m2 will produce a tumor concentration of drug (approx. 100 micrograms/ml) that will yield a sensitizer enhancement ratio of 1.5 to 1.7. Using a starting dose of 2 g/m2 three times weekly, patients are now being studied on a five week drug schedule to further evaluate predictability of drug toxicity in preparation for clinical trials of drug efficacy. PMID- 6237088 TI - Endourology today--is stone surgery obsolete? PMID- 6237087 TI - [Delivery in a short bed or long bed. A comparative study with adjustment of the midwives working position and prevention of back troubles]. PMID- 6237089 TI - Intra-operative ultrasound: a window to the brain. PMID- 6237091 TI - Dewell Gann, Jr., M.D. PMID- 6237092 TI - Goldmann perimetry at the V. A. Hospital: one year follow-up in 65 glaucoma patients. PMID- 6237090 TI - Traumatic dislocation of the hip. PMID- 6237093 TI - Current concepts in the creation and care of ostomies in children. PMID- 6237095 TI - Update on Lyme disease. PMID- 6237096 TI - Practical use of theophylline in children with asthma. PMID- 6237094 TI - Tetanus. PMID- 6237097 TI - The electrodermal orienting response to auditive stimuli in autistic children, normal children, mentally retarded children, and child psychiatric patients. AB - Spontaneous electrodermal activity as well as electrodermal orienting responses to auditive stimuli of moderate intensity were recorded in a group of 35 autistic children and in three control groups. Mean number of spontaneous fluctuations in skin conductance did not differentiate the groups. Autistic children, as compared with the children from the control groups, were significantly more often nonresponsive to the first trial. When responding, autistic children showed electrodermal orienting responses characterized by large amplitudes and fast recovery. The functional significance of nonresponding is discussed, and it is concluded that the response pattern of the autistic child shows a striking resemblance to that of the electrodermal response of schizophrenic persons. PMID- 6237098 TI - Effect of bacteriophage P1 lysogeny on lipopolysaccharide composition and the lambda receptor of Escherichia coli. AB - The outer membrane of Escherichia coli was altered as a consequence of lysogeny by bacteriophages P1 and P1 cmts. The predominant change was a reduction in the size of lipopolysaccharide to a heptose-deficient form. P1 cmts lysogens were still sensitive to several bacteriophages but were resistant to lambda vir. Neither whole cells nor solubilized outer membranes from P1 cmts lysogens were able to inactivate lambda vir, and 32P-labeled lambda vir was unable to adsorb to P1 cmts lysogens. P1 cmts lysogens were also affected in maltose transport. The level of periplasmic maltose-binding protein was reduced somewhat, but there was no significant reduction in the level of the outer membrane lambda receptor (LamB). These membrane abnormalities were all corrected in strains cured of P1 cmts. It is suggested that P1 cmts affects lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis by a phage conversion mechanism and consequently the function of the lambda receptor. PMID- 6237099 TI - H+/ATP stoichiometry of cowpea Rhizobium sp. strain 32H1 cells grown under nitrogen-fixing and nitrogen-nonfixing conditions. AB - The obligate aerobe Cowpea Rhizobium sp. strain 32H1 in axenic culture is able to fix N2 when grown under 0.2% O2 but not when grown under 21% O2. It was, therefore, of interest to investigate ATP synthesis in these cells grown under the two conditions. When respiring in buffers having pHs ranging from 6 to 8.5, cells grown under either O2 tension maintained an intracellular pH more alkaline than the exterior. The transmembrane chemical gradient of H+ (delta pH) was essentially the same under both conditions of growth, decreasing from ca. 90 mV at medium pH 6 to ca. 30 mV at pH 8.5. However, the transmembrane electrical gradient (delta psi) was significantly higher in cells grown under 21% O2 (150 to 166 mV) than in cells grown under 0.2% O2, the latter being 16 mV at pH 6 and increasing to 88 mV at pH 8.5. Therefore, the proton motive force of 21% O2-grown cells ranged from 237 mV at external pH 6 to 185 mV at pH 8.5, compared with a proton motive force of 114 to 121 mV in the 0.2% O2-grown cells. The cells grown in 0.2% O2 had the same proton motive force whether tested at 21 or at 0.2% O2. The phosphorylation potential, calculated from the intracellular ATP, ADP, and Pi concentrations, was 424 mV in the 21% O2-grown cells and 436 mV in the 0.2% O2 grown cells. Thus, the 21% O2-grown cells translocated 1.8 to 2.3 H+/ATP synthesized by the H+-ATPase, whereas the H+/ATP ratio for 0.2% O2-grown cells was 3.7 to 3.8. PMID- 6237100 TI - Effect of castanospermine on the structure and secretion of glycoprotein enzymes in Aspergillus fumigatus. AB - Aspergillus fumigatus secretes a number of glycosidases into the culture medium when the cells are grown in a mineral salts medium containing guar flour (a galactomannan) as the carbon source. At least some of these glycosidases have been reported to be glycoproteins having N-linked oligosaccharides. In this study, we examined the effect of the glycoprotein processing inhibitor, castanospermine, on the structures of the N-linked oligosaccharides and on the secretion of various glycosidases. Cells were grown in the presence of various amounts of castanospermine; at different times of growth, samples of the media were removed for the measurement of enzymatic activity. Of the three glycosidases assayed, beta-hexosaminidase was most sensitive to castanospermine; and its activity was depressed 30 to 40% at 100 micrograms of alkaloid per ml and even more at higher alkaloid concentrations. On the other hand, beta-galactosidase activity was hardly diminished at castanospermine levels of up to 1 mg/ml, but significant inhibition was observed at 2 mg/ml. beta-Galactosidase was intermediate in sensitivity. Cells were grown in the presence or absence of castanospermine and labeled with [2-3H]mannose, [6-3H]glucosamine, or [1 3H]galactose to label the sugar portion of the glycoproteins. The secreted glycoproteins were digested with pronase to obtain glycopeptides, and these were identified on Bio-Gel P-4 (Bio-Rad Laboratories). The glycopeptides were then digested with endoglucosaminidase H to release the peptide portion of susceptible structures, and the released oligosaccharides were reisolated and identified on Bio-Gel P-4. The oligosaccharides from control and castanospermine-grown cells were identified by a combination of enzymatic and chemical studies. In control cells, the oligosaccharide appeared to be mostly Man8GlcNAc and Man9GlcNAc, whereas in the presence of alkaloid, the major structures were Glc3Man7GlcNAc and Glc3Man8GlcNAc. These data fit previous observations that castanospermine inhibits glucosidase I. PMID- 6237102 TI - Heparan sulfate proteoglycans from mouse mammary epithelial cells. Basal extracellular proteoglycan binds specifically to native type I collagen fibrils. AB - Mouse mammary epithelial cells (NMuMG cells) deposit at their basal surfaces an extracellular heparan sulfate-rich proteoglycan that binds to type I collagen. The binding of the purified proteoglycan to collagen was studied by (i) a solid phase assay, (ii) a suspension assay using preformed collagen fibrils, and (iii) a collagen fibril affinity column. The binding interaction occurs at physiological pH and ionic strength and can be inhibited only by salt concentrations that greatly exceed those found physiologically. Binding requires the intact proteoglycan since the protein-free glycosaminoglycan chains will not bind under the conditions of these assays. However, binding is mediated through the heparan sulfate chains as it can be inhibited by block-sulfated polysaccharides, including heparin. Binding requires native collagen structure which may be optimal when the collagen is in a fibrillar configuration. Binding sites on collagen fibrils are saturable, high affinity (Kd approximately 10(-10) M), and selective for heparin-like glycosaminoglycans. Because a culture substratum of type I collagen fibrils causes NMuMG cells to accumulate heparan sulfate proteoglycan into a basal lamina-like layer, binding of heparan sulfate proteoglycans to type I collagen may lead to the formation of a basal lamina and may link the basal lamina to the connective tissue matrix, an association found in basement membranes. PMID- 6237101 TI - Induction of expression and phosphorylation of the human interleukin 2 receptor by a phorbol diester. AB - The receptor for interleukin 2 (IL 2) is induced on normal mature T cells activated by antigen or mitogen. Receptor-negative human T leukemic cell lines were induced to express the IL 2 receptor after incubation with 12-O tetradecanoyl phorbol 13-acetate. The Mr of the IL 2 receptor expressed on the surface of four different T cell lines and normal peripheral blood lymphocytes varied. The source of the heterogeneity appeared to be due to differences in post translational processing of the receptor. The precursor of the IL 2 receptor isolated from tunicamycin-treated HUT102B2 or 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol 13 acetate-induced CCRF-CEM cells had the same Mr and isoelectric point. Incubation of cells with 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol 13-acetate also induced the rapid phosphorylation of serine and threonine residues on the IL 2 receptor from HUT102B2 cells and activated peripheral blood lymphocytes. This phosphorylation may be mediated by the Ca2+ and phospholipid-dependent protein kinase C. PMID- 6237103 TI - Oligomeric regulation of the later reaction steps of the sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase. AB - The phosphorylated intermediate of the sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase (EP) was formed from [gamma-32P] ATP, and its decomposition was monitored by chasing with either ethylene glycol bis(beta-aminoethyl ether)-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid (EGTA) or an excess amount of [gamma-31P]ATP. Chasing in the initial phase of E32P formation leads to monophasic and rapid decomposition, whereas chasing after the maximal level of E32P has been reached leads to biphasic decomposition. If a portion of EPtotal is formed from [gamma-31P]ATP (E31P) and the rest from [gamma 32P]ATP (E32P), decomposition of the later portion (E32P) is roughly monophasic and the rate of decomposition is about the same as that of the slow phase of the biphasic decomposition. Initiation of the EP reaction by concurrent addition of [gamma-32P]ATP and EGTA, conditions that permit the selective monitoring of the EP reaction via one of the subunits of the putative dimer (Ikemoto, N., Garcia, A. M., Kurobe, Y., and Scott, T. L. (1981) J. Biol. Chem. 256, 8593-8601) leads to monophasic decomposition at a rate comparable with the fast phase of biphasic decomposition. The kinetics of biphasic EP decomposition is reversibly affected by the nonionic detergent ethylene glycol monoether and the cleavable cross linker dithiobissuccinimidyl propionate, both of which presumably affect subunit subunit interactions. The results suggest that the biphasic EP decomposition is due to sequential liberation of Pi from different subunits (EI and EII) forming an oligomer as shown in the following model. PMID- 6237104 TI - The ATPase mechanism of skeletal and smooth muscle acto-subfragment 1. AB - The transient and steady-state kinetic parameters for the ATPase cycle of the complex of skeletal muscle actin with smooth or skeletal muscle subfragment 1 (S 1) were determined over a wide range of actin concentrations from measurements of protein tryptophan fluorescence, the transient hydrolysis step, and the steady state rate. The properties of the completely associated system were determined by using S-1 covalently cross-linking to actin. A four-state model was found to provide a good approximation to the kinetic and steady-state behavior: (sequence; see text) where T, D, and Pi refer to ATP, ADP, and inorganic phosphate, respectively. The formation of AM1T and M1T occurs by a rapid equilibrium binding of T followed by a very fast step. Actin is in rapid equilibrium with M1T and M2.DPi, with association constants K2 and K4. The three rate constants k1, k-1, and k5 were obtained by fitting observed rate constants from transient state measurements and VM to the model using values of k3 and k-3 determined for S-1 alone. To fit the data for skeletal or smooth muscle acto-S-1, the calculated rate constant of the hydrolysis step k1 and the equilibrium constant K1 had to be 2-3 times smaller than the corresponding parameters (k3, K3) for S-1. The calculated effective rate constant for product release must be large for striated muscle (85 s-1 at 20 degrees C, low ionic strength) and relatively small for smooth muscle (3 s-1). The difference in the actin-concentration dependence of association and of steady-state ATPase activity was predicted correctly from the rate constants fitted to the transient evidence. While the proposed mechanism does not exclude the possibility of additional ATP or product intermediate states, the properties of such states cannot be deduced from the kinetic evidence. PMID- 6237105 TI - Domain structure of rabbit hemopexin. Isolation and characterization of a heme binding glycopeptide. AB - Plasmin preferentially cleaves rabbit hemopexin at a single site, generating two nondisulfide-linked carbohydrate-containing fragments. In contrast, heme hemopexin is almost totally resistant to this enzyme and is more resistant than the apoprotein to digestion by trypsin, chymotrypsin, papain, subtilisin, and proteinase K as well. Plasmin digestion dramatically shortens the plasma clearance time of the molecule. The larger glycopeptide (I), shown to be derived from the amino terminus of the parent molecule by sequence analysis, has a molecular weight near 35,000 with a pI of 5.0. It binds 1 mol of heme per mol in a manner analogous to intact hemopexin, molecular weight near 60,000 and pI 5.8. The smaller glycopeptide (II) has a molecular weight near 25,000, a pI of 6.4, and does not bind heme. Of the four oligosaccharides of rabbit hemopexin, peptide I contains three oligosaccharides and peptide II contains one. At micromolar concentrations, the two peptides migrate together during centrifugation through sucrose gradients in the presence, but not in the absence, of heme. Peptide I has a far UV circular dichroism spectrum indicating it has some alpha-helical and extensive nonrepeating peptide structures whereas peptide II appears to be almost exclusively in a beta-sheet conformation. Peptide II is responsible for most of the positive ellipticity at 231 nm of native apohemopexin, but the increase in ellipticity at 231 nm characteristic of heme-hemopexin is not seen when peptide I binds heme, even in the presence of peptide II. PMID- 6237106 TI - recA protein-promoted DNA strand exchange. Effect of ionic strength. AB - The addition of from 80 to 120 mM NaCl to a recA protein-promoted DNA strand exchange results in a significant increase in both the initial rate and extent of reaction. This increase results from the formation of a relatively stable recA protein-single-stranded DNA complex that is similar to the complex formed in the presence of the single-stranded DNA-binding protein. In addition to increasing the rate and extent of strand exchange, the amount of recA protein and ATP hydrolysis needed to promote these reactions efficiently is reduced. However, single-stranded DNA-binding protein is significantly more effective than addition of 100 mM NaCl in promoting stable complex formation and stimulating strand exchange. These findings support the hypothesis that a stable recA protein-single stranded DNA complex is required for efficient DNA strand exchange. PMID- 6237107 TI - Subfractionation of Chlamydomonas 18 S dynein into two unique subunits containing ATPase activity. AB - The 18 S dynein of the outer arm of Chlamydomonas flagella contains two different heavy polypeptide chains (Mr approximately equal to 340,000), two intermediate chains (Mr = 69,000 and 78,000), and eight light chains (Mr = 8,000-20,000). We report here that when purified 18 S dynein is dialyzed against a low ionic strength solution, it is dissociated into two smaller subunits which can then be separated and purified by sucrose density gradient centrifugation. One subunit contains one of the heavy chains and a Mr = 16,000 light chain; the other contains the other heavy chain and the remaining intermediate and light chains. Both subunits have ATPase activity. When recombined in the presence of 5-25 mM KCl, the subunits reassemble to form a particle similar to native 18 S dynein; neither subunit by itself can reform such a particle. 18 S dynein is therefore a heteropolymer containing two compositionally distinct subunits. Because the complete outer arm contains both 12 S and 18 S dyneins, the arm must have a total of three sites of ATP binding and hydrolysis: one associated with 12 S dynein and two with 18 S dynein. PMID- 6237108 TI - Localization of the high-affinity binding site for ATP on the membrane-bound chloroplast ATP synthase. AB - The photoaffinity analog 2-azido-ADP has been used to investigate the high affinity binding site(s) for ATP on the chloroplast thylakoid membrane. Photophosphorylation of 2-azido-ADP results in the rapid formation of 2-azido ATP, which remains tightly bound to the membranes after extensive washing. The kinetic parameters of the tight binding of ATP and of 2-azido-ATP are similar (apparent Km = 1-2 microM; maximum extent = 0.2-0.4 nmol/mg of chlorophyll). Ultraviolet irradiation of washed thylakoid membranes containing tightly bound 2 azido-[gamma-32P]ATP induces covalent incorporation of the label exclusively into the beta subunit of the chloroplast coupling factor one. Previous results have shown that the tight binding site for ADP is also located on the beta subunit of the ATP synthase (Czarnecki, J. J., Abbott, M. S., and Selman, B. R. (1983) Eur. J. Biochem. 136, 19-24). To further characterize the tight binding sites for ADP and ATP, the membrane-bound coupling factor has been covalently modified with either tightly bound 2-azido-[gamma-32P]ATP or tightly bound 2-azido-[beta 32P]ADP. The photolabeled beta subunits have been isolated and subjected to partial proteolytic digestion and SDS-gel electrophoresis. The results of these experiments demonstrate that the tight binding sites for ADP and ATP are located on identical portions of beta subunit polypeptide. PMID- 6237109 TI - Compressive stress relaxation measurements of selected dental restorative composites. AB - Compressive stress relaxation measurements were performed on specimens of selected dental restorative composites. The relaxation modulus showed a linear dependence on the logarithm of time. The values obtained indicated that stress was dissipated more rapidly in dental composites than in enamel, but less rapidly than in human dentin. PMID- 6237110 TI - Spine radiographs in patients with low-back pain. An epidemiological study in men. AB - A cohort of 321 men between the ages of eighteen and fifty-five was randomly selected from a group of 1221 men who had been surveyed by a questionnaire. They then had radiographs made of the lumbar spine. Of the 292 subjects fulfilling the criteria for inclusion in the study, ninety-six (32.9 per cent) had never had low back pain, 134 (45.9 per cent) had had or were having moderate low-back pain, and sixty-two (21.2 per cent) had had or were having severe low-back pain. In the three groups there was a similar frequency of transitional vertebrae, Schmorl's nodes, the disc vacuum sign, narrowing of the disc space between the third and fourth lumbar and the fifth lumbar and first sacral vertebrae, and claw spurs. When there were traction spurs or disc-space narrowing, or both, between the fourth and fifth lumbar vertebrae, an increased incidence of severe low-back pain was evident. There also was a significant association of these two radiographic findings with symptoms (pain, weakness, and numbness) in the lower limbs. The measured lumbar lordosis, the length of the transverse process of the fourth lumbar vertebra, and the relationship between the fourth and fifth lumbar vertebral bodies with reference to the intercristal line had no association with the low-back pain. Increased lumbar lordosis had a significant association with decreased disc-space height and wedging deformity of the disc between the fourth and fifth lumbar vertebrae.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6237111 TI - Transient hypercorticism after epidural steroid injection. A case report. PMID- 6237112 TI - Giant left atrium and mitral valve disease: early and late results of surgical treatment in 40 cases. AB - Forty consecutive patients undergoing mitral valve replacement with a giant left atrium, form the basis of this report. Two groups could be identified: (a) isolated giant left atrium (11 cases); (b) combined left and right atrial enlargement (29 cases). Tricuspid regurgitation was only detected in the latter group. The early hospital mortality was 20% and was related to the pulmonary arterial systolic pressure. A giant left atrium increased the operative mortality from 7% to 20% among patients submitted to mitral valve replacement in our unit (p less than 0.05). PMID- 6237113 TI - Cytoplasmic dynein-like ATPase cross-links microtubules in an ATP-sensitive manner. AB - We have prepared dynein-like ATPase from the eggs of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus using differential centrifugation and column chromatography. This ATPase preparation is inhibited by vanadate and erythro-9-(3 [2-hydroxynonyl]) adenine (EHNA) at concentrations similar to those that inhibit reactivated flagellar beating and spindle elongation in lysed cell models. Using microtubule affinity and ATP-induced release, we can purify this ATPase activity to a composition on SDS PAGE of four peptides ranging in molecular weight from 180,000-300,000. When viewed in darkfield optics, this affinity-purified ATPase caused extensive parallel bundling of microtubule-associated protein-free microtubules. These bundles were dispersed by 1 mM ATP but not by ATP gamma S or AMP-5'-adenylimidodiphosphate. The reformation of microtubule bundles after dispersal by ATP required ATP hydrolysis; bundles did not reform in the presence of 10 microM vanadate. Negative stain electron microscopy of these bundled microtubules revealed that they are arranged in parallel networks with extensive close lateral association. PMID- 6237115 TI - High-performance liquid chromatographic procedure for the quantitation of norfloxacin in urine, serum and tissues. PMID- 6237114 TI - Identification of asparagine-linked oligosaccharides involved in tumor cell adhesion to laminin and type IV collagen. AB - MDW4, a wheat germ agglutinin-resistant nonmetastatic mutant of the highly metastatic murine tumor cell line called MDAY-D2 has previously been shown to attach to fibronectin and type IV collagen, whereas MDAY-D2 and phenotypic revertants of MDW4 attached poorly to these substrates. The increased adhesiveness of the mutant cells appeared to be closely related to a lesion in cell surface carbohydrate structures. In an effort to identify the carbohydrates involved in cell attachment, glycopeptides isolated from mutant and wild-type cells as well as from purified glycoproteins were tested for their ability to inhibit the attachment of MDW4 cells to plastic surfaces coated with fibronectin, laminin, or type IV collagen. The addition of mannose-terminating glycopeptide to the adhesion assay inhibited MDW4 cell attachment to type IV collagen. In contrast, a sialylated poly N-acetyllactosamine-containing glycopeptide, isolated from wheat germ agglutinin-sensitive MDAY-D2 cells but absent in MDW4 cells, inhibited MDW4 attachment to laminin. None of the glycopeptides used in this study inhibited attachment of MDW4 cells to fibronectin-coated plastic. Peptide N glycosidase treatment of the cells to remove surface asparagine-linked oligosaccharides inhibited MDW4 adhesion to type IV collagen, but not to laminin, and the same treatment of the wheat germ agglutinin-sensitive cells enhanced attachment to laminin. Tumor cell attachment to, and detachment from, the sublaminal matrix protein laminin and type IV collagen are thought to be important events in the metastatic process. Our results indicate that tumor cell attachment to these proteins may be partially modulated by the expression of specific oligosaccharide structures associated with the cell surface. PMID- 6237117 TI - Kinetics of acto-S1 interaction as a guide to a model for the crossbridge cycle. AB - Recent experiments on the kinetics of the interaction between myosin subfragment 1 (S1) and F-actin in solution are summarized. It is concluded that, at every step of the ATPase cycle, the association between the two proteins takes place in two stages. The equilibrium constant of the second step and thus the affinity of S1 for actin changes from step to step during the enzymatic reaction. It is proposed that the transient kinetic evidence can be interpreted in terms of two different classes of contraction models. The first one, which is widely used at present, identifies particular steps in the enzymatic reaction as directly responsible for the conformational change which represents the power stroke of muscle contraction (direct coupling model). In the second class of model, to which we wish to draw attention, changes in affinity modulated by the enzymatic reaction result in changes in the relative amounts of time spent by parts of the myosin molecule in two different environments. These environments determine whether the molecule exists in the 'long' or 'short' state, and it is the transition between these two which constitutes the power stroke (indirect coupling model). PMID- 6237116 TI - Effect of flutamide or cyproterone acetate on pituitary and testicular hormones in normal men. AB - To test the effects of antiandrogen treatment on the endocrine system 20 normal young men were treated with 750 mg/day flutamide [4-nitro 3' trifluoromethylisobutyranilide (FLU)] or 100 mg/day cyproterone acetate (CPA) for 14 days followed or preceded by a placebo treatment of the same duration 4 weeks apart. Allocation of both drugs and sequence of active and placebo substance was by random number in a double blind design. On days 1 and 14 two basal blood samples were obtained 15 min apart followed by an iv injection of 25 micrograms GnRH and 10 mg metoclopramide (MTCL). Subsequently blood samples were taken after 25, 45, 60, and 90 min. On day 8 the GnRH/MTCL test was performed after 13 basal blood samples were obtained to establish a baseline for PRL concentrations unbiased by short term stress. After 14 days of FLU treatment, serum testosterone (T) increased significantly [17.4 +/- 1.4 (SE) vs. 26.9 +/- 1.5 nmol/liter, as well as estradiol (E2) concentrations (144 +/- 12 vs. 177 +/- 20 pmol/liter). Dihydrotestosterone increased slightly after 14 days of FLU administration (1.59 +/- 0.14 vs. 1.98 +/- 0.30 nmol/liter). At the same time basal LH concentrations were significantly elevated (5.9 +/- 0.5 vs. 8.6 +/- 0.6 ng/ml), whereas FSH levels were not affected (2.8 +/- 0.6 vs. 2.8 +/- 0.6 ng/ml). No changes in PRL values were detected throughout treatment with FLU. The effect of CPA was quite different. At the end of the treatment phase, serum T levels were reduced considerably (14.6 +/- 1.8 vs. 3.3 +/- 0.4 nmol/liter). Serum E2 decreased similarly (95 +/- 13 vs. 35 +/- 6 pmol/liter). Conversion of T to dihydrotestosterone was also diminished significantly (1.72 +/- 0.33 vs. 1.14 +/- 0.33 nmol/liter). Both gonadotropins were significantly depressed after 14 days of CPA administration (LH, 5.6 +/- 0.7 vs. 2.8 +/- 0.4 ng/ml; FSH, 2.4 +/- 0.3 vs. 1.4 +/- 0.2 ng/ml). Basal PRL levels were not affected, although the response of MTCL was reduced at the end of the treatment phase. Both drugs reduced the response of LH and FSH to GnRH administration. PMID- 6237118 TI - A possible mechanism of length activation in insect fibrillar flight muscle. AB - When insect fibrillar flight muscle is stretched it becomes more active, as indicated by an increase in oscillatory work output and ATPase activity. Using glycerol-extracted muscle it is demonstrated that this effect is periodic with a repeat of around 3% length change, independent of temperature and ionic strength. This corresponds to 38 nm per half sarcomere, the same repeat as the actin helix. Since there is also a period of 38 nm in the myosin helix the periodic change of activity with muscle length could be caused by filament sliding. This may be the basis of the mechanism of length activation. PMID- 6237119 TI - Histochemical and biochemical correlates of ventilatory muscle fatigue in emphysematous hamsters. AB - Histochemical and biochemical characteristics of the ventilatory muscles were evaluated in control and elastase-induced emphysematous hamsters. The emphysematous group was divided into sedentary and endurance-trained groups. Endurance training consisted of treadmill running, 1 h a day, 7 d a week. The experimental period lasted 24 wk. Histochemically, the diaphragm from the sedentary emphysematous hamsters revealed a selective fast fiber atrophy which was prevented by endurance training. Training also led to a hypertrophy of the slow, high oxidative fibers. The external intercostals from both emphysematous groups revealed an increased proportion of fast oxidative fibers at the expense of a decreased number of fast glycolytic fibers. However, the fast fibers in both emphysematous groups were significantly atrophied as compared with controls. The internal intercostals revealed no adaptive changes in either size or proportion distribution of the various fiber types. Biochemically, the diaphragm of the emphysematous animals had a significantly improved oxidative potential as measured by citrate synthase, and a reduced glycolytic capacity as indicated by phosphofructokinase activity, compared with controls. The magnitudes of the biochemical changes were similar in both emphysematous groups and were consistent for diaphragmatic samples taken from the costal and crural segments. The combined internal and external intercostals also underwent significant biochemical increases in their oxidative capacity. In addition, training of the emphysematous group led to an increased glycolytic potential of the intercostals. PMID- 6237120 TI - Deficiency of a leukocyte surface glycoprotein (LFA-1) in two patients with Mo1 deficiency. Effects of cell activation on Mo1/LFA-1 surface expression in normal and deficient leukocytes. AB - Mo1, a phagocyte surface glycoprotein heterodimer, is involved in a number of phagocyte adhesion functions such as binding and ingestion of serum-opsonized particles, zymosan-induced degranulation, and superoxide generation. Deficiency of this antigen in humans has been associated with increased susceptibility to recurrent bacterial infections. The beta subunit of Mo1 is shared by another surface glycoprotein named LFA-1, which is involved in lymphocyte proliferation, cytolytic T cell, and natural killing activities. Two unrelated patients with Mo1 deficiency were found to be deficient in LFA-1 as well as in the common beta subunit. Investigation of lymphocyte functions in these two patients revealed normal mixed leukocyte culture-generated cytolytic T cell and natural killing activities and significantly reduced proliferative response to phytohemagglutinin. LFA-1-deficient cells also proliferated in response to soluble antigen and different alloantigens. These responses were partially blocked by anti-LFA-1 antibody. Whereas LFA-1 was undetectable by immunofluorescence and immunoprecipitation on the patients' resting T cells, significantly reduced (approximately 5% of normal) but detectable amounts of the heterodimeric LFA-1 antigen were found on mitogen and alloantigen-activated T cells. On granulocytes, Mo1 surface expression was also dependent on the state of cellular activation. The amount of surface Mo1 present on resting normal granulocytes increased by 3-10-fold following exposure to stimuli that induced degranulation, suggesting the presence of a major intracellular pool for this antigen. Analysis of subcellular fractions from granulocytes showed that intracellular Mo1 is located primarily in the specific granule fraction. Activated granulocytes had little or no increase in their surface expression of LFA-1 antigen. Deficient granulocytes had significantly increased numbers of Mo1 antigen expressed on the surface following stimulation with calcium ionophore (1 microM). However, the amount expressed continued to be significantly reduced compared with normal cells. Quantitation of surface Mo1 on granulocytes exposed to calcium ionophore (1 microM) showed that both parents in one family but only the mother in the other family had significantly reduced levels of Mo1, suggesting heterogeneity in the inheritance of this disorder. Whereas LFA-1 deficiency on lymphocytes was associated with normal alloantigen-induced cytolytic T cell and natural killing activities in these two patients, functions which were in part dependent on small amounts of detectable LFA-1 antigen, the Mo1 deficiency state led to significant defects in phagocyte adhesion functions. Hence, the clinical symptoms associated with this combined deficiency state reflect a more profound phagocyte than lymphocyte disorder. PMID- 6237121 TI - Spinal fluid lymphocytes responsive to autologous and allogeneic cells in multiple sclerosis and control individuals. AB - Spinal fluid lymphocytes from multiple sclerosis (MS) patients and controls were stimulated with either autologous non-T cells or with allogeneic non-T cells followed by stimulation with autologous non-T lymphocytes. Cells responding to these stimuli were cloned and their proliferative responses to autologous and allogeneic MS and normal non-T cells were measured. Large numbers of clones with specific patterns of reaction to both autologous and allogeneic cells were obtained from lymphocytes in MS cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), but only occasionally from cells in control CSF. Patterns of responses among clones from a particular CSF were similar and often identical, which suggested that cells in MS CSF were relatively restricted in their specificities. Surface antigen phenotyping of the clones showed them to be predominantly OKT4+, with 13% OKT8+ and 11% OKT4+8+. Peripheral T cells that were stimulated and cultured in parallel with CSF cells were different in that they usually did not give rise to as many clones nor were their patterns of response similar. Many CSF clones were heteroclitic, that is they responded to particular allogeneic cells but not autologous cells. Lymphocytes in MS CSF thus appear to represent a selected population of cells with a high frequency of responsiveness to autologous and allogeneic antigens. Such responses may be evidence for immune regulation within the central nervous system or could represent responses to altered-self antigens. PMID- 6237123 TI - Locus of control, repression-sensitization, and psychological disorder in chronic pain patients. AB - Examined the relationship between locus of control and psychological disorder in chronic pain patients controlling for the effects of response sets. Fifty-nine patients with chronic low back pain were given Rotter's Internal-External Locus of Control (I-E) scale and the MMPI. Multiple regression analysis showed that the MMPI K, F, and Pt scales produced the most efficient prediction of I-E scores. Response set tendencies to dramatize problems and traits that involve excessive rumination and self-doubt were related to external locus of control. PMID- 6237122 TI - Development of a nude mouse model to study human sebaceous gland physiology and pathophysiology. AB - Study of human sebaceous gland physiology and pathophysiology is limited by lack of an adequate animal model. This study was designed to develop an animal model using human face skin grafted onto the nude mouse to study human sebaceous glands. Full-thickness human face skin was grafted onto 60 adult male nude mice. 4 wk after grafting, androgens, which are known to stimulate sebaceous glands, were administered to test the system. Androgens were administered to 21 animals by implanted catheters that were filled with testosterone (T) or dihydrotestosterone (DHT). Empty catheters were implanted in 15 control animals. Graft biopsies and blood for androgen levels were obtained at time 1 (pre catheter) and time 2 (26 d after catheter implantation). Three assessments were made on each biopsy: sebaceous gland volume, using an image analyzing computer; sebaceous cell size; and sebaceous gland labeling index. 29 mice completed the study through time 2. In the androgen-treated group, T levels (nanogram per milliliter) five times increased to 4.92 +/- 0.35, and DHT levels (nanogram per milliliter) increased 50 times to 16.70. In the androgen-treated group, sebaceous gland volume (micron 3 X 10(-3) increased from 896 +/- 194 to 3,233 +/- 754 (P less than 0.001), sebaceous cell area (micron 2) increased from 167 +/- 12 to 243 +/- 19 (P less than 0.001), and labeling index (percentage) increased from 2.7 +/ 0.7 to 6.4 +/- 0.9 (P less than 0.01). In the control group, sebaceous gland volume fell from 1,070 +/- 393 to 417 +/- 99 (NS), sebaceous cell size remained the same, and the labeling index fell from 5.1 +/- 1.9 to 3.2 +/- 1.1. After androgen administration, Halowax N-34, a known comedogen, or its vehicle, was applied to 15 grafts for 2-6 wk. Twice as many microcomedones were seen in the Halowax-treated grafts, compared with vehicle-treated grafts at the end of this time period. No visible comedones were produced. This study demonstrated that: (a) human sebaceous glands can be successfully transplanted and studied on the nude mouse; (b) after androgen stimulation, sebaceous gland volume, cell size, and labeling index increase; (c) microcomedones can be produced in the human skin grafts by the application of a comedogenic substance. Thus, this model demonstrates significant potential for the future study of human sebaceous gland physiology and pathology. PMID- 6237124 TI - The effects of contingent water mist on the stereotypic responding of a severely handicapped adolescent. AB - The reductive effects of the water misting procedure on the stereotypic responding of a severely handicapped adolescent were investigated by using a variation of the multiple baseline design across settings, with sequential interventions across settings and simultaneous interventions across teachers. The results indicated that the intervention was related to reduced rates of stereotypic responding in each setting. The effects of the intervention were also maintained across multiple administrators of the procedure and during follow-up. Instructional implications are discussed. Further research is suggested. PMID- 6237125 TI - The distribution of afferent neurones in the mesencephalic nucleus of the fifth nerve in the cat. AB - The objective of this study was to examine anatomically the distribution of afferent neurones in the mesencephalic nucleus of the fifth nerve (Mes V). HRP was applied, in separate experiments, to the inferior alveolar, infraorbital, and masseter nerves, and injected into the masseter muscle and periodontal ligament. Following application of HRP to the masseter muscle and masseter nerve, labelled cells were found in the ipsilateral motor nucleus of the fifth nerve and in the ipsilateral Mes V. Labelled cells in Mes V, identified as belonging to proprioceptor afferents from jaw-closing muscles, were distributed throughout the full extent of the nucleus. Following application of HRP to the inferior alveolar nerve, infraorbital nerve, and periodontal ligament, labelled cells were found in the ipsilateral trigeminal ganglion and Mes V, and the latter identified as belonging to periodontal receptor afferents. In contrast to the distribution of spindle afferent somata, they were restricted to the caudal region of Mes V. The differential distribution of afferent neurones within Mes V demonstrated in this study confirms previous electrophysiological findings, and its significance is considered. PMID- 6237126 TI - The association of transient acantholytic dermatosis with other skin diseases. AB - A retrospective study of 375 patients with transient acantholytic dermatosis (TAD) showed significant statistical associations between TAD and asteatotic eczema, allergic contact dermatitis, atopic dermatitis, and irritation from adhesive tape, and these associations were believed to be clinically significant. A similar statistical correlation between TAD and the presence of skin cancer was not deemed significant on clinical grounds. There was a clinical suggestion of an etiologic relationship between TAD and bullous pemphigoid, but this was not demonstrated statistically. Most of these associations seem explicable in terms of the Koebner phenomenon, and it is suggested that prevention and treatment of eczematous inflammation and irritation of the skin may be helpful in the management of TAD. PMID- 6237129 TI - Rabbit ear and comedogenicity. PMID- 6237128 TI - Pemphigus foliaceus presenting as multiple giant seborrheic keratoses. PMID- 6237130 TI - Porokeratosis of Mibelli: benzylhydrochlorothiazide-induced new lesions accompanied by eosinophilic spongiosis. AB - We observed the course of development of porokeratosis stimulated by benzylhydrochlorothiazide (BHCTh) in normal-appearing skin of a patient with long standing stable porokeratosis of Mibelli. A 72-year-old Japanese man had had porokeratosis of Mibelli for more than 50 years. During administration of BHCTh for 1 year because of his hypertension, a lichenoid drug eruption developed over the lesions of porokeratosis on the flexor aspects of his legs. Readministration of BHCTh by another physician for 6 months resulted in the occurrence of a similar drug eruption that converted into typical skin lesions of porokeratosis 8 weeks later. Serial microscopic examination suggested that BHCTh administration resulted in eosinophilic spongiosis and cornoid lamella formation, which developed into epidermal changes characteristic of porokeratosis. PMID- 6237131 TI - Hereditary callosities with blisters. Report of a family and review. AB - A family with calluses of the soles associated with blistering is described. Electron microscopic study of a bulla showed an intraepidermal blister with cytolysis of keratinocytes and clumping of tonofilaments. Review of the literature and our own experience with keratoderma palmaris et plantaris revealed no similar patients with this combination of findings. The appearance of the soles is similar to pachyonychia congenita, but the lack of nail and mucous membrane changes is not consistent with that disorder. Treatment with isotretinoin caused reduction in the size of the calluses but exacerbated the blistering. PMID- 6237127 TI - Acne and hyperandrogenism: impact of lowering androgen levels with glucocorticoid treatment. AB - The impact of lowering androgen levels with glucocorticoid treatment in a group of consecutive female patients presenting to the Department of Reproductive Medicine and Biology, University of Texas, with a chief complaint of acne has been studied. One hundred fifty-eight patients, ages 16 to 40, who received prednisone at a maximum daily dose ranging from 7.5 to 15 mg for a period of at least 6 months were selected for the study. These patients were not taking other systemic medication affecting androgens or acne. Only thirty patients (19%) had pretreatment testosterone levels below the upper limits (40 ng/dl) of our normal range; while on treatment 146 patients (92.4%) had testosterone levels below 40 ng/dl. In sixty-three patients (39.9%) the acne completely cleared, in eighty patients (50.6%) it significantly improved, and in only fifteen patients (9.5%) was the acne not affected by the medication. There was a highly significant difference between the mean testosterone levels during treatment of those who cleared or improved, versus those who did not (p less than 0.05), the percentage drop in testosterone being greatest in those who cleared. Pretreatment testosterone levels were not significantly different in those who cleared, improved or did neither. It is concluded that glucocorticoid treatment frequently results in a lowering of androgen levels in hyperandrogenic women with acne and that this is associated with clearing or improvement of the acne. PMID- 6237133 TI - Porokeratosis plantaris palmaris et disseminata. AB - Porokeratosis plantaris palmaris et disseminata (PPPD) is a rare variant of porokeratosis. We report a second kinship with PPPD that typically appears first on the palms and soles and then gradually progresses to the extremities and trunk. We discuss clinical, histologic, pathogenetic, and therapeutic aspects of PPPD and review the literature concerning the histogenesis of cornoid lamella formation. PMID- 6237132 TI - T cell subset heterogeneity in a series of patients with mycosis fungoides and Sezary syndrome. AB - The diagnostic value of the identification of T cell subsets in skin biopsies from a series of eight patients (clinical stages I-IV) with cutaneous T cell lymphoma (6 with mycosis fungoides and 2 with Sezary syndrome) was determined with an indirect immunoperoxidase technic using commercially available monoclonal anti-T lymphocyte antibodies. Each patient had a mixture of helper and suppressor T cells within both the dermis and the epidermis, although helper T cells predominated approximately 2:1 over suppressor cells in all except two patients. This pattern is not appreciably different from that reported in benign inflammatory dermatoses. One patient with Sezary syndrome who had had an unusually protracted course was found to have a greater number of suppressor cells than helper cells within the epidermis. We conclude that the in situ identification of T cell subsets adds little, if any, diagnostic sensitivity to standard histopathologic methods in cutaneous T cell lymphoma. PMID- 6237134 TI - Immune complexes and antinuclear, antinucleolar, and anticentromere antibodies in scleroderma. AB - Forty-one patients with various forms of systemic sclerosis (scleroderma) and positive antinuclear antibodies of nucleolar (ten patients), speckled (eleven patients), or centromere pattern (twenty patients) were selected for study of immune complexes by the radioisotope labeled Clq binding and the radioisotope labeled protein A binding methods. The presence of immune complexes was found by the Clq binding assay in sixteen patients (39%) and by a protein A binding assay in eight patients (20%). Overall, 46% of patients (19/41) had immune complexes. A lower incidence of organ involvement and fewer positive results in the screening of serum immune complexes were observed in patients with centromere antibody (35%) than in patients with nucleolar (60%) or speckled pattern (55%). Patients with immune complexes had higher frequencies of kidney, heart, and muscle involvement and digital ulceration than did patients with no detectable immune complexes, but the differences were not statistically significant. Diffuse skin involvement was not related to the presence of immune complexes. PMID- 6237135 TI - Sodium lauryl sulfate irritant patch tests. II. Variations of test responses among subjects and comparison to variations of allergic responses elicited by Toxicodendron extract. AB - Inflammation was induced on the forearms of volunteers by twenty-four closed patch tests to either the irritant 10% sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) or Toxicodendron extract. Each chemical was tested at eight sites on the ventral forearms of each volunteer in order to assess the variability of response among test sites in individual subjects. Inflammation was assessed about 10 minutes after patch tests were removed. The degree of inflammation elicited by both Toxicodendron and SLS was variable among subjects, but variation among individual test sites was much more marked in subjects tested with SLS (p less than 0.002). The marked variability of responses to irritation that occur in any single subject may explain why irritant patch test responses do not reliably identify the irritation-prone individual. PMID- 6237137 TI - Successful treatment of alopecia areata with dinitrochlorobenzene in a patient with Down's syndrome. PMID- 6237136 TI - Drug eruption secondary to trazodone. PMID- 6237139 TI - Developmental and immunogenetic features of biologic aging. AB - As the direct result of improved health measures and medical/dental care during the 20th century, the longevity of individuals within the United States has significantly lengthened from 45 years in 1900 to 75 years in the 1980s. It is now projected that during the remaining 2 decades of the 20th century, approximately 18% of the total American population will be 65 years and older by the year 2000. Paradoxically, success in reducing acute diseases and postponing death has resulted in costly long-term disabilities and complexities of chronic disease. This review focuses, therefore, on the major issues of prevention of chronic diseases to demonstrate that biologic aging is a normal sequela of developmental biology and not a disease; diseases are separated from aging. Emphasis is placed on advances in genetics, molecular biology, immunology, and neurology toward understanding the ultimate prevention of chronic disease. An emphasis on prevention during the development of the individual, from conception through senescence, is necessary. PMID- 6237138 TI - [Effect of lipid peroxidation induced by UV radiation on the membrane Ca2+-ATPase of the sarcoplasmic reticulum]. PMID- 6237140 TI - Infection in the patient receiving chemotherapy for cancer: oral considerations. AB - Because of the various factors associated with the disease process and its treatment, the patient receiving chemotherapy for cancer is highly susceptible to infection, and infection accounts for approximately 70% of patient fatalities. When potential sources of infection are considered in the patient receiving chemotherapy for cancer, the mouth provides ideal conditions for microbial growth, particularly in the debilitated patient, and is a portal of entry for contamination of the lungs, the digestive tract, and the circulatory system. These patients are more susceptible to oral infection because of alteration of oral flora toward greater pathogenicity and impairment of host-defense mechanisms. Oral/dental management of the patient receiving chemotherapy for cancer will enhance the general health and comfort of the patient and will prevent or reduce oral complications including mucositis and local and systemic infection. PMID- 6237141 TI - The influence of motivation on a plaque control program for handicapped children. PMID- 6237142 TI - Lack of elevation of platelet factor IV in plasma from patients with myocardial infarction. AB - Platelet factor IV and beta-thromboglobulin are protein constituents of platelet granules. Elevated levels of these proteins in plasma have been used as sensitive indicators of platelet degranulation. Clearance of platelet factor IV is much faster than that of beta-thromboglobulin after release of the proteins in vivo. Although increases of platelet factor IV have been observed in patients with infarction, the implication that they reflect pathogenetic phenomena such as coronary thrombosis has not been assessed explicitly. Accordingly, plasma samples obtained serially from 52 patients with acute myocardial infarction under rigorous conditions verified to minimize platelet degranulation in vitro were evaluated prospectively. Correlative studies were performed to detect left ventricular mural thrombus, and coronary thrombosis was assessed independently in selected patients with indium-111 platelet scintigraphy. Platelet factor IV was normal at the time of admission in patients with infarction, averaging 6.3 +/- 3.3 ng/ml, similar to values in 44 other patients with chest pain without subsequent infarction (5.7 +/- 2.7 ng/ml) and in 25 normal subjects (4.3 +/- 1.6 ng/ml). Platelet factor IV generally did not increase during hospitalization in patients with infarction despite recurrent chest pain, development of left ventricular thrombus or documented recurrent infarction. However, platelet factor IV increased consistently after invasive procedures, accounting for 104 of the total of 110 increases due to platelet activation in vivo as reflected by persistence of elevated levels of beta-thromboglobulin. Thus, platelet factor IV values generally remain normal despite acute myocardial infarction. Rare increases that occur reflect platelet degranulation in vitro due to sampling artifact or perturbations of platelets in vivo due to invasive procedures.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6237143 TI - Operator radiation exposure during percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. AB - Operator radiation exposure during percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty as compared with that during routine coronary angiography is unknown. Therefore, cumulative radiation exposure at operator eye level was measured in two physicians (operators 1 and 2) during performance of coronary angioplasty and routine coronary angiography. The physicians participated together during angioplasty in eight patients; they performed routine angiography separately in eight patients each. Cumulative radiation exposure for eight angioplasty procedures was 140 mrads for operator 1 and 130 mrads for operator 2. In contrast, exposure during eight routine angiograms was 80 mrads for operator 1 and 60 mrads for operator 2. Mean cineangiographic time per case was similar (p = NS) during angioplasty (44.1 +/- 14.0 seconds for both operators) and angiography (49.7 +/- 6.1 seconds for operator 1, 47.6 +/- 16.1 seconds for operator 2). In contrast, fluoroscopy time was longer (p less than 0.01) for angioplasty (34.5 +/ 17.7 min) compared with angiography (13.1 +/- 5.1 min for operator 1, 13.7 +/- 8.2 min for operator 2). Thus, operator radiation exposure during percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty was, on average, 93% greater than during routine coronary angiography and was related to the duration of fluoroscopy rather than cineangiography. PMID- 6237144 TI - Morphologic observations after percutaneous transluminal balloon angioplasty of early and late aortocoronary saphenous vein bypass grafts. AB - Clinical and morphologic observations from two patients undergoing percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of stenotic aortocoronary saphenous vein bypass grafts early (3 months) and late (56 months) after graft insertion are described. Each patient had one or more clinically successful graft dilations resulting in an angiographic increase in luminal diameter and a decrease in mean trans-stenotic gradient, and each had restenosis of the graft at the site of previous angioplasty within 2 months of dilation. Both operatively excised grafts had diffuse but variable amounts of intimal fibrous thickening and severe narrowing at the previous angioplasty site. The early graft had no evidence of dilation injury, and the intimal thickening consisted solely of fibrocollagenous tissue free of calcific deposits. In contrast, the late graft had a healing intimal dissection at the angioplasty site, and the intimal thickening consisted of atherosclerotic plaque with calcific deposits. Angiographic and morphologic correlations suggest that the mechanism of saphenous vein angioplasty early (less than or equal to 1 year) after insertion is by graft "stretching," while late (greater than 1 year) after insertion it is by atherosclerotic plaque "fracture" similar to that observed in atherosclerotic coronary arteries subjected to angioplasty procedures. PMID- 6237145 TI - Combined intracoronary streptokinase and percutaneous coronary angioplasty for reperfusion of chronic total coronary occlusion. AB - In a 40 year old man with a 1 month total occlusion of a dominant right coronary artery, persistent angina despite medical management indicated inadequate coronary collateral supply to the posterolateral myocardium originally supplied by the totally occluded vessel. Initial attempts at reperfusion of the chronically occluded vessel with an angioplasty guide wire and balloon were unsuccessful. However, administration of intracoronary streptokinase resulted in partial reperfusion, after which successful wire-guided balloon angioplasty was accomplished. This case illustrates the potential utility of combining a thrombolytic agent with angioplasty in attempting reperfusion for management of selected cases of chronic total coronary artery occlusion. PMID- 6237146 TI - [The diagnostic value of celioscopy in the evaluation of chronic pelvic pain. Apropos of 184 cases]. AB - The authors report on a retrospective study of 184 laparoscopies carried out assessing the aetiology of chronic pelvic pain. The population that was studied has a mean age of 28.8 years, with most of the patients being between 20 and 30 years of age. The mean length of the history of the pain was 51 1/2 months. 51% of the cases had pain of a rhythmical nature associated with the menstrual cycle, 11.3% of cases had deep dyspareunia and 37.7% of the cases had repeated attacks of pain. Previous gynaecological pathology was found in 30% of cases and previous pelvis surgery in 11.1% of cases. 41.5% of the population were multiparous. Laparoscopy was only performed after a full clinical and paraclinical examination. It showed the presence of: endometriosis in 22.2% of cases, pelvic adhesions in 17.4%, varicose veins in the pelvis in 11.4%, ovarian cysts in 6.5%, ovarian dystrophies in 3.2%, Masters and Allen syndrome in 3.8%, sub-serous fibroids in 2.1%. PMID- 6237147 TI - Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty: update 1983. PMID- 6237149 TI - Inhibition of the T suppressor circuit of delayed-type hypersensitivity by interferon. AB - The effects of electrophoretically pure murine interferon (Mu-IFN-alpha beta) on the T suppressor pathway and on the T effector cell of delayed hypersensitivity (TDH) were investigated in BALB/c mice, in a 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB) contact-sensitivity model. Various T cell subpopulations, suppressor T cells of the afferent (Ts-aff) and efferent (Ts-eff) types, an auxiliary Ts (Ts-aux), as well as TDH were induced, and their function was assessed in transfer experiments. The results were as follows. At a dose of 5 X 10(3) U, IFN was shown to inhibit the Ts-aff response, when given to the donor animal shortly after induction of the Ts-aff subpopulation or when injected into the recipient 2 hr after spleen cell transfer. Pretreatment in vitro with IFN of the splenic cells to be transferred also abolished the Ts-aff response. Similar amounts of IFN were able to inhibit the generation of Ts-eff in the donor animals, whereas 10-fold higher amounts were needed in vivo or in vitro to block the functional expression of Ts-eff in the recipient animal. Intravenous injection of IFN into recipients of Ts-eff on day 0 and 1 after sensitization inhibited the expression of the Ts eff transferred 1 day before ear challenge. This suggests that the Ts-aux response required for the TDH suppression by Ts-eff is blocked by IFN. Secretion of a suppressor factor by Ts in vitro was not blocked by IFN. Treatment of the donor of suppressor factor-secreting Ts with IFN, however, blocked the induction of this Ts. The TDH were not sensitive to IFN even at amounts approximately 100 times higher than those used for the Ts inhibition in vivo as well as in vitro. These results demonstrate that low amounts of IFN may selectively block the suppressor pathway, because induction of these regulatory T cell subsets appears to be particularly sensitive to IFN. The exact mechanism of the IFN-mediated inhibition of Ts is not yet clear. The data suggest an important regulatory function of IFN in delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) reactions. PMID- 6237148 TI - The alpha- and beta-subunits of a murine T cell antigen/Ia receptor have a molecular weight of 31,000 in the absence of N-linked glycosylation. PMID- 6237150 TI - Morphologic and phenotypic features of the subpopulation of Leu-2+ cells that suppresses B cell differentiation. AB - The Leu-2 antigen is expressed on a subpopulation of human T cells that perform suppressor and cytotoxic functions. In addition, this antigen is also present on a portion of cells with morphologic characteristics of granular lymphocytes. Although both Leu-2+ cells and granular lymphocytes have been shown to suppress B cell differentiation, the interrelationship of these two suppressor populations has not previously been fully characterized. We recently produced a monoclonal antibody, termed D12 (anti-Leu-15), which reacts with a variety of cell types, including a subpopulation of Leu-2+ cells. Previous studies have indicated that the Leu-2+ cells that suppress T cell proliferative responses express the Leu 2+15+ phenotype, whereas the precursor and effector cytotoxic T cells that recognize class I major histocompatibility antigens are Leu-2+15- lymphocytes. For this report, we used the anti-Leu-2 and anti-Leu-15 monoclonal antibodies and fluorescence-activated cell sorter techniques to characterize the E+ cells that suppress PWM-induced B cell differentiation. These studies indicate that the vast majority of Leu-2+ cells that suppress this T cell-dependent B cell response have the Leu-2+15+ phenotype. Furthermore, when the morphologic and cytochemical characteristics of these Leu-2+15+ cells were studied, virtually all of these cells were granular lymphocytes. Most of the Leu-2+15+ suppressor cells co expressed the HNK-1 (Leu-7) antigen, which is detected only on granular lymphocytes. In contrast, virtually none of the Leu-2+15+ granular lymphocytes expressed Fc receptors for IgG molecules. These data indicate that the Leu-2+ cells that suppress PWM-induced B cell differentiation are Leu-2+15+ (and predominantly Leu-7+) granular lymphocytes that do not express Fc receptors. The implications of these observations concerning the relationship of human Leu-2+ suppressor cells to murine Ly-2+ cells and the lineage of granular lymphocytes are discussed. PMID- 6237151 TI - Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of three different prednisolone prodrugs: effect on circulating lymphocyte subsets and function. AB - To be pharmacologically active, i.v. prednisolone disodium phosphate (prednisolone phosphate), prednisolone sodium tetrahydrophthalate (prednisolone phthalate), and oral prednisone have to be converted in vivo into prednisolone. The purpose of the present study was to establish whether these agents are functionally equivalent when given in equimolar doses. The peak concentrations of total and unbound prednisolone assessed by HPLC and equilibrium dialysis in five normal volunteers were five to 12 times higher after i.v. prednisolone phosphate than after i.v. prednisolone phthalate or oral prednisone (p less than 0.001). The area under the plasma concentration vs time curves (AUC) of total and unbound prednisolone was higher after i.v. prednisolone phosphate than after oral prednisone or i.v. prednisolone phthalate (p less than 0.001). The immunosuppressive activity of the plasma samples was determined as the percentage inhibition of the mixed lymphocyte reaction, and the area under the inhibition vs time curve of the MLR (AUIC), a measure of immunosuppressive capacity over time, was calculated. After i.v. prednisolone phthalate or oral prednisone, the mean AUC of unbound prednisolone were 45 and 61% of that obtained after i.v. prednisolone phosphate, and the corresponding AUIC were 76 and 68%, respectively, indicating lower systemic availability of prednisolone and less of an immunosuppressive effect in plasma after i.v. prednisolone phthalate or oral prednisone than after i.v. prednisolone phosphate. These differences in biologic activity of the plasma were corroborated by determining ex vivo the cell cycle progression within the G1 phase, and the interleukin 2 (IL 2) release after the activation of peripheral lymphocytes obtained at various time points after administration of the three steroids. After steroid doses corresponding to 1 mg/kg of prednisolone, a transient inhibition of 80% of IL 2 production was observed with all three glucocorticoids given, whereas the maximal inhibition of the IL 2 production was 60, 30, and 22% after a low dose (0.1 mg/kg) of prednisolone phosphate, prednisone, or prednisolone phthalate, respectively. After the low dose, only minimal changes in the percentages of the OKT4+ and OKT8+ cells were detectable, whereas after the high dose of all three steroids the ratio of OKT4+ to the OKT8+ cells dropped, the decline being more pronounced after prednisolone phosphate than after prednisolone phthalate or prednisone.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6237152 TI - Cyclosporine therapy of rat heart allograft recipients and release of interleukins (IL 1, IL 2, IL 3): a role for IL 3 in graft tolerance? AB - LEW rat recipients of (LEW X BN)F1 strain heterotopic cardiac transplants treated with cyclosporine A (CsA) (15 mg/kg/day intramuscularly, 7 days) retain grafts indefinitely despite drug withdrawal. Donor-specific suppressor T cells that are active in passive transfer experiments have been harvested from long-term CsA treated hosts. Although CsA is known to inhibit in vitro cytokine release, the in vivo effects of the CsA on the lymphokine cascade are not known. We investigated the action of the drug upon spontaneous and mitogen-induced interleukin 1 (IL 1), interleukin 2 (IL 2), and interleukin 3 (IL 3) release by spleen cells obtained from the following groups of rats: 1) normal, i.e., untreated and ungrafted; 2) grafted, acutely rejecting; 3) grafted, actively treated; and 4) under CsA induced state of "tolerance." The results demonstrate that in vivo CsA therapy inhibits monocyte (IL 1 release) as well as lymphocyte function (IL 2 and IL 3 release) only during the inductive phase (the 7 days of treatment). During the "tolerant" phase, mitogen (Con A and LPS)-induced release of interleukins was quantitatively similar to that noted in normal animals. In contrast, a remarkable increase in the spontaneous production of IL 3 was observed in the "tolerant" group. Because cytokine release is not inhibited in the "tolerant" state, our data strongly support the concept that maintenance of the state of unresponsiveness is governed by the emergence of suppressor cells. The correlation of increased spontaneous production of IL 3 during this period leads us to postulate that this interleukin may be implicated in the activation or clonal expansion of suppressor cells, and hence may play a role in graft tolerance. PMID- 6237153 TI - Inhibition of macrophage C3b-mediated ingestion by syphilitic hamster T cell enriched fractions. AB - Macrophages are important for host defense against syphilitic infection. Our results show that C3b-mediated ingestion (C3bMI), a characteristic of activated macrophages, was inhibited in vitro by nonadherent cells from hamsters infected with Treponema pallidum subspecies endemicum. When macrophage target cells from normal, syphilitic, or lipopolysaccharide-treated animals were co-cultured with nonadherent cells derived from normal or syphilitic hamsters, noticeable differences were detected. Nonadherent syphilitic cells significantly suppressed macrophage C3bMI, whereas normal nonadherent cells displayed little or no suppressive activity. In general, macrophage C3bMI was reduced by nonadherent cells obtained throughout the course of syphilitic infection, although it eventually began to recover. The syphilitic nonadherent cells with maximum suppressive effect were those obtained from hamsters infected for 3 to 6 wk. The addition of treponemal antigens additionally inhibited C3bMI. The inhibitory effect of syphilitic nonadherent cells on either lipopolysaccharide-treated or syphilitic macrophages was sustained even when the nonadherent cells were removed from the cultures, and the effect continued for at least 72 hr thereafter. Fractionation of syphilitic nonadherent cell populations by two independent methods produced T cell-enriched preparations with significantly more suppressive activity than non-T cell-enriched preparations. These observations may account for the chronicity of syphilitic infection. PMID- 6237154 TI - Modulation of macrophage activation and resistance by suppressor T lymphocytes in chronic murine Schistosoma mansoni infection. AB - Activated macrophages (M phi) appear responsible for at least part of the concomitant resistance in mice infected with Schistosoma mansoni. We found that as murine S. mansoni progressed from acute (8 to 12 wk of infection) to chronic (16 to 24 wk) stages, acquired resistance decreased (57% resistance to challenge with cercariae at 8 wk vs 28% by 24 wk, p less than 0.05), as did macrophage activation (21% +/- 2 killing of schistosomula by 8 wk M phi vs 8% +/- 2 for 24 wk M phi, p less than 0.01). T cells from the spleens of 8 wk-infected mice were capable of activating M phi from naive animals when stimulated with worm antigens (24% +/- 2 killing vs 8% +/- 2 induced by normal T cells, p less than 0.01); T cells obtained from 24 wk-infected mice did not activate M phi (13% +/- 2 killing). Furthermore, T cells from 24 wk-infected animals suppressed activation of M phi by 8 wk T cells. The addition of 10(5) 24 wk T cells to 3 X 10(5) antigen-stimulated 8 wk T cells reduced subsequent M phi killing from 27% +/- 4 to 13% +/- 2 (p less than 0.05). Week 24 T cells (3 X 10(5] reduced this additionally to 9% +/- 1 (p less than 0.01), a value no greater than that of unstimulated M phi. The subpopulation of T cells responsible for suppression of M phi activation was Lyt-2+1- nonadherent T cells. Cyclophosphamide treatment of chronically infected mice resulted in enhanced resistance (41%), M phi activation (18% +/- 1 killing), and T cell activation of naive M phi (10% +/- 1 killing). Thus, during chronic S. mansoni infection, resistance to reinfection wanes in parallel to and perhaps because of development of suppressor T cells that interfere with T-dependent M phi activation. PMID- 6237155 TI - Mechanisms in the suppression of tumor rejection produced in mice by repeated UV irradiation. AB - Mice exposed repeatedly to UVB (280 to 320 nm) radiation are unable to reject highly antigenic UVB-induced skin cancers, and their lymphoid organs contain T lymphocytes that transfer this inability to nonimmune recipients. We show that the phenotype of the cells capable of transferring suppression of tumor rejection is Lyt-1+2-,Ia-. Removal of the suppressive activity of spleen cells from UVB irradiated mice through the use of monoclonal anti-Lyt-1 antibodies resulted in a population of cells capable of mediating tumor rejection when injected into lethally x-irradiated recipients. This finding demonstrates that the inability of UVB-irradiated mice to reject skin cancers induced by UVB radiation is not due to clonal deletion, e.g., the absence of lymphocytes that are capable of recognizing and responding to antigens on these tumors, but instead is likely to depend solely on the activity of suppressor lymphocytes. The phenotype of antigen specific suppressor lymphocytes induced by painting oxazalone on the unirradiated skin of mice exposed once to UVB radiation was Lyt-1+2-, also a finding consistent with the hypothesis that the two forms of UVB-induced immunosuppression occur by means of the same mechanism. The phenotype of suppressor cells induced in mice treated once with 8-methoxypsoralen plus UVA (320 to 400 nm) radiation, followed by painting unexposed skin with oxazalone, was Lyt-1+2+, suggesting that this treatment may activate a different suppressor pathway. PMID- 6237156 TI - In vitro propagation and cloning of murine natural suppressor (NS) cells. AB - During a short period of time after birth or after radiotherapy, the spleens of neonatal and adult TLI-treated mice contain suppressor cells of the mixed leukocyte reaction (MLR) and of graft-vs-host disease. The present report shows that the MLR suppressive activity of spleen cells from TLI-treated adult BALB/c mice can be maintained in long-term tissue culture by using conditioned medium. The suppressor cells can be cloned by limiting dilution, and reproducibly inhibit the [3H]TdR incorporation in the MLR at responder-to-suppressor cell ratios of 50:1. There is no antigen specificity or H-2 haplo-type restriction of the MLR suppression. The suppressor cells do not inhibit [3H]TdR per se, because no inhibition was observed in co-culture experiments with the EL4 tumor line or the IL 2-dependent HT-2 cell line. By using immunofluorescent staining techniques, the surface phenotype of the suppressor cells was found to be similar to that reported previously for cloned NK cells (Thy-1+, Lyt-1-, Lyt-2-, Ig-, Ia-, MAC-1 , asialo-GM1+). However, the suppressor lines showed no natural killer activity when YAC-1 target cells were used. Thus, the suppressor lines have been termed "natural suppressor" cells to indicate surface marker similarities to NK cells, both in vivo and in vitro, but different effector functions. PMID- 6237157 TI - Calcium-activated, phospholipid-dependent protein kinase in pig epidermis. AB - We investigated calcium-activated, phospholipid-dependent protein kinase in pig epidermis. Pig epidermal homogenates were centrifuged at 30,000 g for 30 min, and the supernatant was applied on a DEAE-cellulose column for purification. The partially purified enzyme was stimulated by simultaneous addition of Ca2+ and phospholipid. Successive addition of small amounts of diolein further activated the enzyme activity. The calcium-activated phospholipid-dependent protein kinase preferentially phosphorylated serine residues and its endogenous substrate protein in the pig epidermis has a molecular weight of about 97,000. PMID- 6237158 TI - The intracutaneous growth of murine lymphomas: epidermal invasion is characteristic of multiple tumor phenotypes. AB - Affinity of lymphoid cells for the epidermis (epidermotropism) is characteristic of the cutaneous T-cell lymphomas, mycosis fungoides and the Sezary syndrome. Consistent with numerous studies indicating that mycosis fungoides is a neoplasm of OKT4+T8- ("helper/inducer") T lymphocytes is the possibility that epidermotropism is a phenotypic hallmark of this subset of malignant T cells. This proposal was investigated in mice using 8 phenotypically characterized lymphomas of BALB/c origin: 3 histiocytic (phagocytic, lysozyme-positive, FcR+, Ig-, Thy 1-), 1 B-cell (IgM+, FcR+, Thy 1-), and 4 T-cell (Ig-, Thy 1+) lines, including 1 with markers of mouse helper/inducer T cells (Lyt1+23-), 2 with suppressor/cytotoxic markers (Lyt1-23+), and 1 with markers of immature thymocytes (Lyt1+23+). The intracutaneous growth pattern of these lines was studied on hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections through the centers of tumors obtained at times after intradermal injection into parallel groups of syngeneic mice. All of these lymphomas manifested variable epidermotropism that followed a typical sequence. Following dermal growth and spread to the dermal-epidermal junction, tumor cells appeared within the stratum spinosum. Subsequently, collections of cells appeared in spaces within the epidermis (Pautrier-like microabscesses) in tumors greater than 2 cm in diameter, coincident with early epidermal necrosis. Thus, in this animal model it is clear that the intraepidermal invasion/growth does not correlate with the helper/inducer T-cell surface phenotype. These observations are nonetheless consistent with recent studies using monoclonal antibodies to cell surface antigens which have demonstrated a heterogeneity of lymphoid cell subsets within the epidermis in lesions of mycosis fungoides and of other malignant and benign dermatoses. PMID- 6237159 TI - Role of UVB-induced serum factor(s) in suppression of contact hypersensitivity in mice. AB - Ultraviolet, 280-320 nm (UVB), irradiation of the shaved dorsal skin of mice results in suppression of the development of contact hypersensitivity (CHS) to antigens applied subsequently to a distant nonirradiated skin site. Serum from BALB/cAnNCr mice exposed to a single dose of UVB radiation (8.6 X 10(4) J/m2) was evaluated for its ability to induce suppression of CHS to 2-chloro-1,3,5 trinitrobenzene (TNCB), a contact allergen, after transfer to normal recipients. Serum from UVB-irradiated donors was capable of inducing immunosuppression only when collected and transferred within a restricted time period, i.e., approximately 2-6 h post irradiation, and at least 400 microliters of serum per recipient was required. Serum from UVB-irradiated donors was sufficient to induce splenic suppressor cells in recipient mice. PMID- 6237160 TI - Holocaust II? PMID- 6237162 TI - Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. PMID- 6237161 TI - Phospholipase A2 activity of Fc gamma 2b receptors of thioglycollate-elicited murine peritoneal macrophages. AB - The detergent lysate of plastic adherent cell population of thioglycollate elicited peritoneal exudate cells from 100 individual Swiss mice was subjected to affinity chromatography on two different media, Sepharose coupled to heat aggregated human IgG (IgG-Sepharose) and Sepharose coupled to the phosphatidylcholine analog, rac-1-(9-carboxyl)nonyl-2-hexadecylglycero-3 phosphorylcholine (PC-Sepharose). Both IgG- and PC-binding proteins were further purified by Sephadex G-100 gel filtration and isoelectric focusing in the presence of 6M urea. Both IgG- and PC-binding proteins thus purified appear to be homogeneous in size as well as charge properties. The IgG-binding proteins of a molecular weight of 25,000 had an isoelectric point of 4.8, whereas the PC binding proteins of a molecular weight of 42,000 were more basic and had an isoelectric point of 6.0. Both materials retained their IgG-binding capabilities as judged by their inhibitory capacity of murine EA gamma rosetting systems. The subclass specificities of the IgG- and the PC-binding proteins were for IgG2a and IgG2b, respectively. The PC-binding proteins possessed a typical phospholipase A2 activity, which was maximal at pH 9.5, depended on Ca++, and was specific for cleavage of fatty acid from the sn-2 position of phosphatidylcholine. The binding of aggregated IgG2b to the PC-binding proteins caused the ninefold increase in noted enzymatic activity in the presence of, but not in the absence of, Ca++ (5mM). The IgG-binding proteins on the other hand, lacked any detectable phospholipase A2 activity. Thus, the biochemical and biological properties of the PC- and IgG-binding proteins isolated from murine peritoneal macrophages are essentially identical to those homologous proteins previously isolated from P388D1 cells [20]. PMID- 6237163 TI - Huntington's disease research roster data base support with MEGADATS-3M. AB - This paper describes the MEGADATS (MEdical Genetics Acquisition and DAta Transfer System) data base development project for collecting, storing, retrieving, and plotting human family pedigrees. The newest system, MEGADATS-3M, is described. The microcomputer version of MEGADATS-3M and the use of MEGADATS-3M in the support of the Huntington's disease research roster project are emphasized. Examples of data input and pedigree plotting are shown. PMID- 6237164 TI - Magnetocardiograms of patients with left ventricular overloading recorded with a second-derivative SQUID gradiometer. AB - Magnetocardiograms (MCGs) were recorded by means of a second-derivative SQUID (superconducting quantum interference device) magnetometer in 60 normal subjects and 95 patients with left ventricular overloading to determine the clinical value of the MCG. In patients with left ventricular overloading, the Q or S wave was increased in the upper anterior part of the thorax, and the R wave was increased in the left lower part of the thorax, indicating increased leftward force due to left ventricular overloading. For detection of left ventricular hypertrophy or dilatation from echocardiographic measurements, the sensitivity and specificity of the MCG were similar to those of the standard ECG, or slightly better. In patients with left ventricular systolic overloading, the Q wave was decreased in the lower anterior part of the thorax, indicating a decreased septal vector. Inversion of the T wave was seen more frequently in the MCGs than in the ECGs of patients with left ventricular overloading, suggesting that the MCG is useful for detecting early abnormalities of repolarization. These results suggest that the MCG may provide information that is difficult to obtain from the standard 12-lead ECG. PMID- 6237165 TI - Class 1 (unique) tumor antigens of human melanoma. Identification of a 90,000 dalton cell surface glycoprotein by autologous antibody. AB - Analysis of the humoral immune response of patients with melanoma has identified a small group of individuals with antibody to cell surface antigens that are restricted to autologous melanoma cells. These antigens, referred to as Class I or unique tumor antigens, are demonstrated by reactions between serum and cultured melanoma cells from the same patient and absorption tests with autologous and allogeneic normal and malignant cells to determine antibody specificity. Five Class 1 melanoma antigens have been defined to date, but insight into the nature of these antigens has been limited because antibodies identifying these antigens lacked detectable immunoprecipitating activity. We have now defined a Class 1 melanoma antigen (designated FD) that is immunoprecipitated by autologous antibody. FD antigen is identified by an IgG antibody present in the sera of patient FD, and peak titers of this antibody in tests with cultured autologous melanoma cells are in the range of 1:2048. By absorption tests, FD antigen could not be detected on any other cell type, including 33 allogeneic melanomas. Prolonged culture of FD melanoma cells resulted in decreased expression of FD antigen, but sublines could be obtained with stable antigen expression. FD antigen is trypsin and heat sensitive, neuraminidase resistant, and is shed in the culture medium. Immunoprecipitation of 125I-labeled cell membrane preparations revealed a 90,000 dalton component of pI 5.5. Serum immunoprecipitating activity could be absorbed by autologous melanoma cells but not by autologous B cells or allogeneic cell lines. A component of the same molecular mass could be precipitated from lysates of cells metabolically labeled with [3H]mannose. The membrane form of the FD antigen binds strongly to Con A-Sepharose and can be eluted with methyl-alpha-D-mannoside. The identification of a precipitating Class I antigenic system of melanoma facilitates efforts to generate monoclonal antibodies to this tumor antigen and to clone its coding sequence. PMID- 6237167 TI - Dreams and reality monitoring. AB - Experiment 1 tested the counterintuitive prediction that memories for one's own dreams should not be particularly easy to discriminate from memories for someone else's dreams. Pairs of people reported dreams to each other that they had either dreamed, read, or made up the night before. On a test requiring subjects to discriminate events they had reported from those reported by their partner, subjects had more difficulty with real dreams than with dreams they read or made up. Experiment 2 provided evidence that real dreams do not simply produce overall weaker memories; the deficit for dreams was eliminated with more time to respond and with more detailed cues. In addition, subjects' ratings of various characteristics of their memories (e.g., vividness, personal relevance) indicated that dreams were not generally weaker or impoverished. The results are interpreted within the framework for reality monitoring described by Johnson and Raye (1981): Memories for real dreams are proposed to be deficient in conscious cognitive operations that help identify the origin of information generated in a waking state. At the same time, real dreams are embedded in a network of supporting memories that can be drawn on for reality monitoring decisions under appropriate circumstances. Finally, a comparison of recognition and recall indicated that dreams may leave persisting memories that are difficult to access via free recall. PMID- 6237168 TI - Effects of age and skill in typing. AB - What are the factors responsible for skilled typing performance, and do they change with the age of the typist? These questions were addressed in two studies by examining time and accuracy of keystrokes in a variety of typinglike activities among typists ranging in speed from 17 to 104 net words per minute and ranging in age from 19 to 72 years old. Typing skill was related to the temporal consistency of making the same keystroke, the efficiency of overlapping successive keystrokes, the speed of alternate-hand tapping, and the number of characters of to-be-typed text required to maintain a normal rate of typing. Older typists were slower in tapping rate and in choice reaction time but were not slower in speed of typing, apparently because they were more sensitive to characters farther in advance of the currently typed character than young typists. PMID- 6237166 TI - IgE class-restricted tolerance induced by neonatal administration of soluble or cell-bound IgE. Cellular mechanisms. AB - Certain aspects of the phenomenon of IgE class-restricted tolerance induced in mice by neonatal treatment with monoclonal IgE, either in soluble form or coupled to syngeneic spleen cells, were examined. The present studies document that this tolerance results from exposure to IgE molecules, irrespective of their antigen specificity, and the resulting effects are polyclonal in nature since IgE responses directed against antigenic determinants unrelated to the tolerance inducing IgE molecules are affected. Moreover, such findings indicate that the molecular subregion(s) responsible for inducing IgE class-restricted tolerance resides in the epsilon heavy chain constant region domain(s) of IgE. When soluble IgE is employed, tolerance induction results from neonatal treatment with doses as low as 2.5 micrograms per injection per mouse; cell-bound IgE is considerably more potent, in terms of total dose required, since tolerance results from treatment with as few as 1 X 10(6) cells per injection (per mouse), equivalent to an absolute quantity of 0.2 ng of IgE per injection. This long-term class specific tolerance appears to be a unique feature of the IgE antibody system, since treatment of mice with monoclonal antibodies of the IgA, IgG1, or IgG2b isotypes, either in soluble or cell-bound form, does not perturb antibody responses of their corresponding isotypes or in the IgE class. By analyzing the lymphoid cells of IgE-tolerant mice after they reached adulthood, the following observations were made: (a) lymphoid cells from such tolerant mice fail to develop FcR epsilon + cells upon in vitro stimulation with IgE, as is characteristically observed with lymphoid cells from nontolerant mice; and (b) mice rendered tolerant by neonatal treatment with soluble IgE possess IgE class restricted suppressor T cells, demonstrable in adoptive transfer experiments, whereas no such suppressor cells are evident in mice in which cell-bound IgE was used for neonatal treatment. The latter observations could mean that two different mechanisms underlie the IgE class-restricted tolerance, or both mechanisms operate coordinately to varying degrees depending upon which regimen is used for tolerance induction, as discussed herein. PMID- 6237169 TI - Tonal hierarchies in the music of north India. AB - Cross-culturally, most music is tonal in the sense that one particular tone, called the tonic, provides a focus around which the other tones are organized. The specific organizational structures around the tonic show considerable diversity. Previous studies of the perceptual response to Western tonal music have shown that listeners familiar with this musical tradition have internalized a great deal about its underlying organization. Krumhansl and Shepard (1979) developed a probe tone method for quantifying the perceived hierarchy of stability of tones. When applied to Western tonal contexts, the measured hierarchies were found to be consistent with music-theoretic accounts. In the present study, the probe tone method was used to quantify the perceived hierarchy of tones of North Indian music. Indian music is tonal and has many features in common with Western music. One of the most significant differences is that the primary means of expressing tonality in Indian music is through melody, whereas in Western music it is through harmony (the use of chords). Indian music is based on a standard set of melodic forms (called rags), which are themselves built on a large set of scales (thats). The tones within a rag are thought to be organized in a hierarchy of importance. Probe tone ratings were given by Indian and Western listeners in the context of 10 North Indian rags. These ratings confirmed the predicted hierarchical ordering. Both groups of listeners gave the highest ratings to the tonic and the fifth degree of the scale. These tones are considered by Indian music theorists to be structurally significant, as they are immovable tones around which the scale system is constructed, and they are sounded continuously in the drone. Relatively high ratings were also given to the vadi tone, which is designated for each rag and is given emphasis in the melody. The ratings of both groups of listeners generally reflected the pattern of tone durations in the musical contexts. This result suggests that the distribution of tones in music is a psychologically effective means of conveying the tonal hierarchy to listeners whether they are familiar with the musical tradition. Beyond this, only the Indian listeners were sensitive to the scales (thats) underlying the rags. For Indian listeners, multidimensional scaling of the correlations between the rating profiles recovered the theoretical representation of scales described by theorists of Indian music.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6237170 TI - Two issues concerning tonal hierarchies: comment on Castellano, Bharucha, and Krumhansl. AB - First, because tonal hierarchies exist in the music of long-established traditions, we may assume that they confer certain processing advantages. Such hierarchies capitalize on certain properties of the pitch memory system that do not require a tonal setting for demonstration. Furthermore, they facilitate the generation of hierarchical representations of sequential patterns of pitches, and such representations enable considerable parsimony of encoding. Second, the listener's establishment of a tonal hierarchy involves a process of key attribution. This process draws not only on the identities of the notes presented but also draws on their orderings. Certain sequential grouping factors are involved here that can also be shown to exist outside a tonal setting. We are therefore dealing with an elaborate bootstrapping operation, through which both a key and a sequential representation are arrived at by the listener. PMID- 6237171 TI - Integrating pictorial information across eye movements. AB - Six experiments are reported dealing with the types of information integrated across eye movements in picture perception. A line drawing of an object was presented in peripheral vision, and subjects made an eye movement to it. During the saccade, the initially presented picture was replaced by another picture that the subject was instructed to name as quickly as possible. The relation between the stimulus on the first fixation and the stimulus on the second fixation was varied. Across the six experiments, there was about 100-130 ms facilitation when the pictures were identical compared with a control condition in which only the target location was specified on the first fixation. This finding clearly implies that information about the first picture facilitated naming the second picture. Changing the size of the picture from one fixation to the next had little effect on naming time. This result is consistent with work on reading and low-level visual processes in indicating that pictorial information is not integrated in a point-by-point manner in an integrated visual buffer. Moreover, only about 50 ms of the facilitation for identical pictures could be attributed to the pictures having the same name. When the pictures represented the same concept (e.g., two different pictures of a horse), there was a 90-ms facilitation effect that could have been the result of either the visual or conceptual similarity of the pictures. However, when the pictures had different names, only visual similarity produced facilitation. Moreover, when the pictures had different names, there appeared to be inhibition from the competing names. The results of all six experiments are consistent with a model in which the activation of both the visual features and the name of the picture seen on the first fixation survive the saccade and combine with the information extracted on the second fixation to produce identification and naming of the second picture. PMID- 6237172 TI - A theory of criterion setting: an alternative to the attention band and response ratio hypotheses in magnitude estimation and cross-modality matching. AB - The attention band and response ratio hypotheses of Green and Luce (1974) and Luce and Green (1974) are discussed and some difficulties are noted. An alternative hypothesis is put forward. This is based on a Thurstonian model for magnitude estimation in which the presented stimulus intensities are subjected to a logarithmic transformation. Response criteria are then applied to the resulting quantities to select corresponding responses. The setting and maintenance of these response criteria are accounted for by a theory of criterion setting previously developed by the senior author (Treisman & Williams, 1984). A similar model is developed for cross-modality matching, and it is shown that these models can predict the V pattern for the coefficient of variation of response ratios, can predict the inverted V pattern for correlations between successive responses, and can account for some of the difficulties found in the literature. PMID- 6237173 TI - Influence of osmolytes, thin filaments, and solubility state on elasmobranch phosphofructokinase in vitro. AB - Skeletal muscle phosphofructokinase (PFK) purified from the thornback ray is rapidly inactivated by urea concentrations as low as 50 mM at pH values below 7.0. Urea-induced loss of PFK activity is not offset by trimethylamine-N-oxide. Protection against urea-inactivation in vivo, where urea concentration may approach 0.5 M, may be due to two effects. Filamentous (F) actin and muscle thin filaments moderately reduce the urea-induced loss of PFK activity. The binding of PFK to F-actin and to thin filaments is shown by ultracentrifugation experiments. PFK activity in vivo also may be stabilized in this species by the formation of a particulate enzyme form which is totally resistant to inactivation by physiological concentrations of urea. PMID- 6237174 TI - Carbon source regulation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (phosphate) glycohydrolase in Neurospora crassa: induction and repression of enzyme synthesis. AB - Synthesis and release of NAD(P)ase by Neurospora crassa wild type was studied in experiments in which mycelia grown in Vogel minimal medium were transferred to media containing protein as the only carbon source. Several results are presented suggesting that the NAD(P)ase may be induced by the presence of protein in the culture medium. Low concentrations of sucrose or glucose (0.1%), Casamino acids or some amino acids such as methionine, cysteine, phenylalanine and tryptophan strongly repressed the enzyme synthesis. Under induction conditions NAD(P)ase and alkaline protease appeared together in the culture medium. It would appear that NAD(P)ase and alkaline protease are coordinately regulated by a common control mechanism related to carbon catabolism. PMID- 6237175 TI - The isolation of lambda phage carrying DNA from the histidine and isoleucine valine regions of the Bacillus subtilis chromosome. AB - From a lambda gtWES library of the chromosome of Bacillus subtilis, phages carrying DNA from the hisA and ilv-leu regions were isolated. They were identified by their ability to form complementing plaques on hisB, ilvC or leuB mutants of Escherichia coli K12 under selective conditions and in the presence of a helper phage. The his phages complemented E. coli his A, B or D mutations and could transform seven mutations in the hisA region of the B. subtilis chromosome; each carried a single EcoR1 insert of about 8.2 kb. Phages complementing E. coli ilvC or leuB mutations and carrying the equivalent B. subtilis genes ilvC and leuC transformed a range of mutations in the B. subtilis ilv-leu region. The distribution of genetic markers carried by the phages suggests that the entire ilv-leu cluster from az1A through leuD is covered in the collection of phages obtained and is carried in three EcoR1 restriction fragments of approximately 6.7, 4.7 and 2.85 kb. PMID- 6237176 TI - [Mental retardation linked to fragility of chromosome X: current knowledge]. AB - The association of the fragile X chromosome with X-linked mental retardation is now well established. The main clinical features are mental retardation, typical facial dysmorphism and macroorchidism. Cytogenetically there is a fragile site in band Xq27-28 which can be demonstrated using specific techniques. The genetic studies are compatible with a X-linked dominant inheritance with an incomplete penetrance. A preliminary estimation of an overall frequency of 1: 2000 males for the fra(X)(q) condition is suggested. PMID- 6237177 TI - Reduced striatal glucose consumption and prolonged reaction time are early features in Huntington's disease. AB - Striatal glucose consumption was measured by positron emission tomography in 4 male patients, aged 16-27, suffering from Huntington's disease and in 3 age matched control subjects. Symptoms had been present for 3 years or less; they were mainly psychiatric. Two of the patients had no chorea although the time taken to initiate a movement was prolonged and there was some reduction in the speed at which movements could be executed. Caudate atrophy was absent or minimal by CAT scan yet striatal glucose consumption was markedly reduced in all of the patients. It is suggested that striatal glucose consumption is largely determined by the functional integrity of spiny neurones in the striatum. PMID- 6237178 TI - Calorie source, calorie restriction, immunity and aging of (NZB/NZW)F1 mice. AB - It is frequently stated that high fat diets are harmful with respect to nutrition and disease development. Herein, (NZB/NZW)F1 autoimmune-prone mice were compared under the influence of different calorie intakes and different calorie sources. Decreased calorie intake prolonged life and delayed onset of glomerulonephritis. This influence of restriction of energy intake was greater than any influences of dietary energy source. Parameters affected strictly by restricted calorie intake were: 1) longevity, 2) delayed onset of glomerulonephritis, 3) greatly decreased circulating immune complexes, 4) decreased production of anti-DNA antibodies, 5) increased thymocyte proliferation in response to exogenous Interleukin-2 (IL-2), 6) increased IL-2 production by spleen cells stimulated by concanavalin A and 7) marked increase of mixed lymphocyte reaction of spleen cells. Parameters affected both by restriction of calorie intake and by high sucrose content in full-fed mice and not obviously related to longevity and protection from glomerulonephritis were: 1) plaque-forming cell response to sheep red blood cells in vitro and 2) cytotoxic cell-mediated immune response generated by in vitro exposure to allogenic antigen. PMID- 6237179 TI - Occupational illness. The issue of causality. AB - Following European precedents, workers' compensation statutes and the Social Security Disability Insurance program were developed in the United States to deal with the problem of work incapacity. The former was designed to insure for loss of wages consequent to workplace injury, the latter to insure against poverty consequent to work incapacity. Issues such as employer or product culpability, quantification of the magnitude of work incapacity, and insurance for partially restricted work capacity have greatly distorted the intent of these programs; both now provide financial awards based more on damage and disease rather than on the illness of work incapacity. Understanding this evolution will allow physicians to offer more appropriate guidance to their patients, to contribute their voices and perspective to the sociopolitical ethos, and to distinguish the legal issue of culpability from the clinical issues of pathogenesis of disease and of the role of human and work-place factors in causing the disease to be manifest as the illness of work capacity. PMID- 6237180 TI - Dental responsibility for the medically compromised patient. 3. PMID- 6237181 TI - Blood flow and bone uptake of 99mTc-labeled methylene diphosphonate. AB - In mature dogs with comparable levels of bone remodeling, we produced either increased (with adenosine triphosphate) or decreased (with epinephrine) blood flow to one hindlimb. In 13 dogs (five control, four with increased flow, and four with decreased flow), we compared uptake, at 3 h after injection of radiolabeled diphosphonate in the mid-tibia, with blood flow as determined by microspheres. Blood flow was determined with 85Sr-labeled microspheres, and determination of uptake of 99mTc methylene diphosphonate (99mTc-MDP) was by a gamma detector. There was a linear relationship between changes in diphosphonate uptake and changes in blood flow at decreased and normal flows; however, at high flows the relationship was nonproportional, indicating a disproportionately slower increase in 99mTc-MDP uptake with increasing blood flow. In six dogs an initial 1-h uptake curve of 99mTc-MDP was determined in both control and experimental limbs under states of increased and decreased blood flow. The 30-min uptake value, 60-min uptake value, area under the curve, and the slope of the curve were related to flow as determined by microspheres. The data are consistent with the hypothesis that deposition of bone-concentrating isotopes such as 99mTc MDP is partly controlled by blood flow; at supranormal and normal flows tracer uptake is closely related to blood flow, but at supranormal flow rates it is not and appears to be diffusion limited. PMID- 6237183 TI - Craniofacial features of isotretinoin embryopathy. PMID- 6237182 TI - Salivational and histological damage of submandibular and sublingual glands in Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. PMID- 6237184 TI - Fetal hydrocephalus and ear anomalies associated with maternal use of isotretinoin. PMID- 6237185 TI - Studies with enterotoxigenic microorganisms: effects of candidate antidiarrhoeals in experimental animals in vivo. AB - Chlorpromazine or aspirin alone, when given to rats parenterally, reduced intestinal fluid secretion induced by cell-free preparations of enterotoxigenic organisms including Escherichia coli, Aeromonas hydrophila, Staphylococcus pyogenes, and Salmonella typhimurium. A combination of chlorpromazine-aspirin given parenterally caused much more marked reduction of fluid secretion. Indomethacin also had significant antisecretory effects against a range of bacterial enterotoxins, while loperamide was effective against heat-labile toxin (LT)-positive E. coli and A. hydrophila. Nicotinamide increased net fluid absorption in the presence of E. coli LT, A. hydrophila, and S. typhimurium. Of the adsorbents tested, aluminum hydroxide showed a positive effect only with E. coli LT and A. hydrophila, while cholestyramine affected net fluid flux only with E. coli ST (heat-stable toxin). Charcoal was effective against all microorganisms tested but only when premixed with the perfusate before the experiments. Aspirin and chlorpromazine probably act at multiple sites to decrease intestinal secretion, and the combination of low doses of these drugs with possibly different sites of action may have advantages over a single agent used in high dosage. PMID- 6237186 TI - Ultrasonographic antenatal diagnosis: will it change the spectrum of neonatal surgery? AB - The outcome of 139 fetuses with anatomical abnormalities diagnosed by ultrasonography (out of 15,180 examinations) at our institution during the last 6 years was reviewed. Of these, 56 were diagnosed before 21 weeks gestational age and 83 thereafter. Fifty-four had anomalies of the central nervous system. Of these 27 were diagnosed early. Twenty-six had anomalies of the genitourinary tract, 11 diagnosed early. Four had anomalies of the musculoskeletal system diagnosed early in 3. Thirty-seven had miscellaneous anomalies and early diagnosis was made in 6. Only the early pregnancies were terminated, 38 in number. The fetal diagnosis was clearly confirmed in 33. Of particular interest were the 18 fetuses with anomalies of the gastrointestinal tract and abdominal wall. There were nine early diagnoses. The pregnancy was interrupted in seven. In all the diagnosis was confirmed. Five of these had associated anomalies. Among the 9 fetuses whose anomalies were diagnosed late, 3 had associated anomalies and died shortly after birth before corrective surgery. In all, two fetuses with abdominal wall defects had no detectable associated anomalies and were potentially correctable but the pregnancies were terminated. With earlier, accurate imaging diagnosis possible, special attention has to be directed toward multidisciplined counseling (including a pediatric surgeon) for ultimately satisfactory fetal-neonatal salvage. Otherwise the spectrum of neonatal surgical pathology could be seriously altered. PMID- 6237187 TI - Variceal hemorrhage in biliary atresia. AB - Eleven of 47 patients (23%) with sustained bile drainage after Kasai's operation for biliary atresia had major variceal hemorrhage. Hemorrhage was esophageal in origin in five children and from the exteriorized conduit in eight. Two patients bled from both sites. The first major hemorrhage occurred at an average patient age of 40.4 months. Clinical manifestations of portal hypertension were poorly correlated with liver functions, however, markedly decreased calibre of the intrahepatic venous radicles was noted by ultrasonography in all patients examined. Primary treatment was by esophageal endosclerosis or by disconnection of portosystemic shunts coincident with stomal closure. Adjunctive splenic embolization was employed in six patients. Recurrent hemorrhage has not been encountered in limited follow-up. PMID- 6237188 TI - Histopathological and ultrastructural findings in a case of Papillon-Lefevre syndrome. AB - Gingiva from a 3-year-old Iranian boy suffering from Papillon-Lefevre syndrome was examined by light and electron microscopy. Deep pockets associated with predominantly Gram-negative plaque were present. The gingival lesion was dominated by plasma cells, many of which were degenerate. Russell bodies were a prominent feature. No defect of epithelium was detected. PMID- 6237189 TI - Enterohepatic circulation of clioquinol in the rat. AB - The existence of the enterohepatic circulation (EHC) of clioquinol was confirmed by using paired rats, donor and recipient, which were connected to each other with a bile duct-to-duodenum cannula. The concentrations of clioquinol and its metabolites appearing in the plasma of the recipient following intraduodenal 10 mg/kg dose of clioquinol to the donor were fairly low. However, within 24 h after the administration ca. 12% of the dose was reexcreted in the bile of the recipient as clioquinol glucuronide and ca. 2% in the urine as clioquinol sulfate. From these results and the data of biliary excretion in our previous paper, the glucuronide was found to play a role on the EHC. Further, both in vitro and in situ results suggested that clioquinol glucuronide excreted in the bile may be absorbed partially after return to the parent drug in the intestinal tract and partially as such without deconjugation. PMID- 6237190 TI - Phasic modulation of trunk muscle efferents during fictive spinal locomotion in cats. AB - In high spinal paralysed cats electromyograms were recorded from nerves supplying lumbar back muscles (longissimus dorsi) and abdominal muscles (obliquus abdominis externus) during fictive locomotion induced by I.V. injection of nialamide and L DOPA. Activity in nerves to hind-limb muscles was also recorded. During periods of stable 'locomotor' activity in the hind-limb nerves the efferents to the back and abdominal trunk muscles were generally also rhythmically active. Three different patterns of activity were observed. The predominant rhythmic pattern showed a synchronous activation of the efferents to the back and abdominal muscles of one side together with an activation of the hind-limb flexors of that side, alternating with activation of the efferents to the corresponding contralateral muscles. This pattern was very stable and could last for about 3 h. Such a pattern of activity would be expected during the alternate stepping characteristic of walking and trotting. The second type of rhythmic locomotor activity was characterized by a synchronous bilateral activation of the efferents to the back muscles, alternating with activation of the abdominal muscles on both sides. This pattern occurred only for short periods and appears to correspond to the activity during in-phase stepping such as occurs during a gallop. Beside these well co-ordinated patterns less well co-ordinated rhythmic activities were also observed. These included regular rhythmic activity which occurred independently in different muscle groups as well as irregular rhythmic activity with unstable phase relations between different muscle groups. The rhythmic locomotor activity in efferents to trunk and limb muscles could be modulated by afferent nerve stimulation and by hypoxia. The results reveal that the spinal cord deprived of its supraspinal and peripheral control may generate a variety of different locomotor patterns, which incorporate the trunk muscles in an apparently meaningful way. PMID- 6237191 TI - Tendon organ firing during active muscle lengthening in awake, normally behaving cats. AB - Recordings were obtained of the discharge of single tendon organ (Ib) and muscle spindle (Ia) afferents of the ankle extensor muscles during movement in normal cats. During very slow, smooth increases and decreases in muscle force, Ib afferents showed from one to five stepwise changes in firing rate, attributable to the recruitment of motor units inserting into the receptor capsule. These 'recruitment steps' in Ib firing rate became smoothed and tended to merge during faster variations in muscle force, and were rarely discernible in normal movements such as slow stepping. Rapid imposed stretches resulted in Ib firing patterns which fitted well a dynamic function of whole muscle force. Comparisons were made between the responses of Ib and Ia afferents during rapid, imposed muscle stretch. The segmentation of discharge typical of Ia afferents was not present in Ib afferents, despite segmentation of the e.m.g. of the receptor bearing muscles. This would imply that Ib afferents exert a rapidly fluctuating reflex action against a relatively steady background of Ib input. Ankle extensor Ib firing during stepping was characterized by feeble firing during the swing phase and substantial, smoothly modulated firing during the stance phase. Taken together with previous chronic recordings, the data support the view that the ensemble of Ib afferents from a muscle signals a dynamic, non-linear function of whole muscle force over a wide range of normal movement. PMID- 6237193 TI - Effects of moderator variables in reducing stress outcome in mothers of children with handicaps. AB - There have been numerous reports of relationships between stressful life events and outcome dysfunction expressed in physical and/or interpersonal spheres. This study investigated the variables that help buffer mothers from the stresses that result from bearing and rearing a child with a handicap. Stressors related to the handicapped child were scaled (HREC) and a moderate correlation (-0.37) was identified between these stressors and the health and marital adjustment (OUTCOME) of the mother. It was further uncovered that there was a moderator variable affecting the relationship between stressors and outcome, and it protected the mothers from the effects of the stressors. This moderator variable, labeled Resources (RES), consists of emotional support, physical help, etc. in raising the handicapped child. The effect was demonstrated empirically. Using a partial correlation procedure, the influence of RES was statistically held constant and the -0.37 correlation between HREC and OUTCOME dropped to -0.05. This accounts for the finding that those mothers with high stressors but high resources had fewer outcome problems than those with less resources. The study demonstrates the presence of a moderator variable influencing the relationship between life stress and dysfunction. PMID- 6237194 TI - Laparoscopy in the diagnosis and management of ovarian cancer. AB - Ninety-two laparoscopies were performed for diagnosis and follow-up on 83 patients with clinical diagnoses of ovarian cancer from May 1979 to May 1981. With laparoscopy about 10% of the cases were disproven; of suspicious cases only 53% were confirmed. Laparoscopy was very helpful in clarifying the clinical diagnosis of ovarian carcinoma. Laparoscopy for follow-up evaluation of treatment was done on 44 patients. Very early recurrence, which is very difficult to detect on clinical examination, was found with second-look laparoscopy. If few adhesions are present, laparoscopy can replace second-look exploration in the majority of cases of complete remission. PMID- 6237192 TI - Cortical projection of afferent information from tendon organs in the cat. AB - In cats anaesthetized with chloralose, evidence has been sought for the projection of information from tendon organs to the sensory receiving areas of the cerebral cortex. Selective stimulation of afferent fibres from tendon organs has been achieved by raising the threshold to electrical stimulation of the fibres from primary endings of muscle spindles. The method uses longitudinal vibration at 200-250 Hz to elicit, over a period of 20 min, one impulse for each excursion of the vibrator from all of the spindles in the test muscle, soleus or medial gastrocnemius. The accumulated post-spike positivities following passage of the impulses are thought to be responsible for the rise in threshold. Segmental monosynaptic reflex testing after a bout of vibration was used to confirm that the residual Group I volley no longer contained impulses from muscle spindles. The volley in response to stimulating the nerve of the test muscle was timed to facilitate the monosynaptic reflex of a synergist. Before vibration 5- to 10-fold facilitation of reflex amplitude could be produced; however, after vibration, if all the spindle primary endings had been effectively engaged by the stimulus, no detectable facilitation remained. This test was found to be sensitive and reproducible. An afferent volley containing only activity of tendon organ afferents evoked small-amplitude potentials from the post-sigmoid gyrus of the contralateral pericruciate cortex. The field was highly localized and lay caudal to the main receiving area for activity from the sural nerve and from afferents of hip flexor muscles. Recordings with tungsten micro-electrodes revealed that the surface-evoked activity took origin in cellular discharges in the internal pyramidal layer of area 3a. Recent psychophysical experiments have provided evidence for a sense of muscle tension, as distinct from a sense of effort, and the tendon organ has been suggested as the likely receptor of origin. Our electrophysiological observations now provide a firm experimental basis for such a proposal. PMID- 6237196 TI - Laparoscopic treatment of tuboovarian abscesses. PMID- 6237197 TI - Second-look laparoscopy in ovarian cancer. AB - Forty-six patients with epithelial ovarian cancer previously treated with surgery, chemotherapy or external radiation underwent second-look laparoscopy to evaluate management. Twenty of the patients had positive laparoscopic findings and were not subjected to further laparotomy. The frequency of positive findings was related to the stage of the disease. Laparoscopic examination revealed no evidence of cancer in the remaining 26 patients. Three of the patients in this group were found to have additional disease at subsequent laparotomy. The laparoscopic procedures were not associated with major complications. Although second-look laparoscopy cannot replace repeat laparotomy, it does have a role in the follow-up of patients with ovarian cancer. PMID- 6237195 TI - Formulation and noncontraceptive uses of the new, low-dose oral contraceptive. AB - Although contraceptive efficacy is the major reason for using oral contraceptives (OCs), other physiologic changes occur with them that can be beneficial to patients. The new, low-dose OCs are of particular interest in this regard. PMID- 6237198 TI - Development of a simplified laparoscopic sterilization technique. AB - A simplified technique was developed for laparoscopic sterilization under local anesthesia without neuroleptanalgesia, avoiding uterine manipulators, performing direct trocar insertion without pneumoperitoneum and using air for pneumoperitoneum. PMID- 6237199 TI - What's new in endoscopic still photography. AB - Hospitals without laparoscopic equipment should consider the purchase of one or more 10-mm Olympus telescopes, light guide cables, OM-1 camera body, SM-EFR adaptor with cord and focusing screen 1-12 plus the CLE-F cold light supply with automatic flash. Hospitals that already have 10-mm laparoscopes should purchase a heavy-duty light source (Eder 2000, Reznik Gemini, Richard Wolf 5000.40 or Karl Storz Metal Halide Arc source), the Olympus OM-2 or OM-4 camera with the Olympus 1-12 focusing screen and the Zuiko F-100-mm lens with adaptor to the eyepiece of the endoscope. Excellent slides can be obtained without a flash. Hospitals that already have or prefer the 8-mm laparoscope should consider one of the following: an Olympus OM-1 camera body with 1-12 focusing screen, Zuiko F-85-mm lens and Storz flash generator 550CK with flash tube 555B plus endoscope and camera adaptors. An alternative for photography with the 8-mm laparoscope is the Tiny flash (Reznik) or Endoflash (Eder). The recommended film is Ektachrome 400 daylight. Each hospital should determine whether photographic equipment as outlined above is within its budget and cost effective. PMID- 6237200 TI - American Association of Gynecologic Laparoscopists' 1982 membership survey. AB - A survey of 1,024 U.S. members of the American Association of Gynecologic Laparoscopists (AAGL) concerning 1982 practice revealed that 125,560 laparoscopic sterilizations had been performed. The bipolar method was the most frequent one, used by 65%. The band was used by 21%, the clip by 4% and the unipolar method by 11%. Local anesthesia was used in 4% of cases and open laparoscopy in 4%. No correlation was possible between technique used and the incidence of hemorrhage (0.45 per 1,000), bowel injury (0.42 per 1,000), postoperative pelvic infection (0.42 per 1,000) or anesthetic complications (0.16 per 1,000). PMID- 6237201 TI - Interfimbrial adhesions. Detection and treatment of an easily overlooked cause of infertility. AB - During laparoscopy for investigation of infertility 68 women with no findings had their fallopian tubes catheterized. In 20 of these women small interfimbrial adhesions were found and divided. The subsequent pregnancy rate in this group was 14 (70%), which was significantly higher than that in the control group, 26 of 59 women (44%) who did not have their tubes catheterized during laparoscopy. These results indicate that interfimbrial adhesions, which are easily overlooked during routine laparoscopy but easily found when catheterization of the tubal ostia is performed, can be a contributing factor in infertility. PMID- 6237202 TI - Diagnostic value of laparoscopy in endometriosis and infertility. PMID- 6237203 TI - Peritoneal factors in infertile women in Jakarta, Indonesia. AB - In a study of internal genital infection and endometriosis, gynecologic examinations discovered only 46 patients (14.9%) with these abnormalities out of 308, but laparoscopic examinations of the same patients detected far more patients with these abnormalities (208, or 67.5%). Thus, laparoscopic examinations can prove useful in improving the clinical diagnosis of infertility in women. PMID- 6237204 TI - Helper T cell function of rheumatoid synovial tissue lymphocytes. AB - The helper cell profiles of rheumatoid peripheral blood (PBT-RA), synovial fluid (SyT-RA) and synovial tissue (SyN-RA) T lymphocytes were compared both before and after irradiation with similarly treated normal peripheral blood T cells (PBT-N). Deficient helper cell profiles were noted in SyN-RA and were correlated with increased numbers of activated T lymphocytes in culture. Moderately reduced helper cell profiles were seen in PBT-RA and were the result of a functional lack of a radioresistant helper T cell and/or radiosensitive suppressor T cell. SyT RA, however, showed normal or enhanced T helper cell profiles and similar numbers of activated T cells compared with PBT-RA. Activated helper T cells therefore play an important role in the local immune response in inflamed rheumatoid synovium. PMID- 6237205 TI - Piroxicam induced erythema multiforme. PMID- 6237206 TI - Natural killer cell function and modulation by alpha IFN and IL2 in AIDS patients and prodromal subjects. AB - We have examined the primary immune response, the numbers of the total T (T-11+) cells, T-helper (T4+) cells, T-suppressor (T8+) cells, NK cells (Leu7+) and the level of serum IgG in 83 healthy male heterosexuals and compared the data to those obtained from 12 clinically diagnosed AIDS patients and 92 asymptomatic male homosexuals. The absolute number of total T (T11) and T helper (T4) cell populations were significantly reduced among most of the asymptomatic homosexual males and even more decreased in the AIDS patients. In contrast, the absolute numbers of T suppressor cells (T8) remained virtually unaltered in the 3 study populations. The absolute numbers of circulating killer cells were similar in the controls and the homosexual subjects but significantly reduced in the AIDS patients. Furthermore, all 12 AIDS patients exhibited a significantly depressed NK cell activity which in most cases correlated with the reduced absolute number of NK (Leu7+) cells as well as T helper cells (T4) and T4/T8 ratios. The NK-cell activity in clinically diagnosed AIDS patients could not be normalized by addition of alpha IFN or IL2. Three distinctive subgroups with normal (N-NK), significantly heightened (H-NK) and markedly lowered (L-NK) NK activity could be readily identified among the apparently well homosexual male population. The subgroups responded to alpha IFN and IL2 in an apparently independent fashion. The N-NK and L-NK groups displayed a marginal to no response to in vitro treatment with alpha IFN and IL2. However, the NK cell activity in the H-NK group was moderately to strongly inhibited by inclusion of the 2 immunomodifiers.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6237207 TI - Is there a role for plasmapheresis/exchange transfusion in the treatment of the septic burn patient? PMID- 6237208 TI - Fetal cardiac dimensions: a potential tool for the diagnosis of congenital heart defects. AB - This study proposes normal values for fetal heart dimensions. They include the transverse and longitudinal diameters of the heart, as well as an estimate of the cardiac volume. The resulting nomograms were useful in the diagnosis of various congenital anomalies, as is demonstrated in three case reports. Although the nomograms are not intended to compete with more elaborate techniques of investigation of the fetal heart, such as M-mode echocardiography or Doppler studies, they are much easier to use and could be used as a complementary method to identify possible fetal cardiac anomalies. PMID- 6237210 TI - Simple methods for direct antibiotic protection of synthetic vascular grafts. AB - Two simple methods for direct antibacterial protection of synthetic vascular grafts were investigated. In the first protocol the highly protein-bound antibiotics nafcillin (90% protein bound), cefazolin (80%), and cefamandole (70%) were added directly to preclotting blood. Knitted Dacron grafts preclotted in the presence of one of these drugs absorbed significant amounts. Although at high concentrations these antibiotics exhibited anticoagulant effects, significant antibacterial protection was obtained at lower antibiotic levels. Washing treated grafts for 6 hours failed to eliminate the antibacterial activity. Antibiotics remained on the grafts for at least 96 hours. In the second protocol knitted Dacron grafts were soaked in a suspension of silver-pefloxacin, a silver nalidixic acid analogue with intense antistaphylococcic activity. Using 110Ag labeled complexes, significant antibiotic activity was documented on the graft after 19 days of washing. Four nafcillin-treated prostheses, six silver pefloxacin-coated grafts, and 11 control grafts were interposed in the infrarenal aorta of dogs and immediately challenged with an intravenous infusion of 1 X 10(7) Staphylococcus aureus. None of the four nafcillin-treated grafts was infected at 3 weeks. One of the six silver-pefloxacin-coated grafts grew staphylococci, and 9 of 11 controls had positive graft cultures for Staphylococcus when harvested. These studies suggest that prosthetic grafts can be simply coated at the time of implantation with antibiotics selected for appropriate binding and antibacterial characteristics to obtain an infection resistant prosthesis. PMID- 6237209 TI - Seeding human arterial prostheses with mechanically derived endothelium. The detrimental effect of smoking. AB - Endothelial healing of Dacron arterial prostheses can be hastened in dogs by seeding autogenous venous endothelium onto the prostheses in a single-staged operation. To determine whether this technique enhances the patency of human grafts, we studied the results of 186 operations on 161 patients performed between February 23, 1978, and December 1, 1982. Alternately allocating patients to treatment with seeded and unseeded Dacron knitted prostheses, we performed axillary-femoral and axillary-femoral-femoral bypasses in 11 patients (six seeded and five unseeded) and femoral-femoral bypasses in 28 (13 seeded and 15 unseeded). By a randomized block method of treatment allocation, femoral popliteal grafts were installed in 147 limbs (112 vein, 18 seeded, and 17 unseeded). Patency was analyzed by the life-table method. Overall, femoral femoral and femoral-popliteal bypasses demonstrated no difference between the seeded and unseeded grafts. Patency was somewhat better in seeded than unseeded axillary-femoral bypasses. Nevertheless, nonsmokers with seeded femoral-popliteal Dacron grafts enjoyed a significantly better graft patency than those with unseeded grafts (p = 0.035), whereas a substantial deterioration of seeded Dacron grafts was observed in those patients who smoked (p = 0.008 at 6 months). Vein grafts performed better than either seeded or unseeded Dacron prostheses (p = 0.016). Serum beta-thromboglobulin (BTG) levels varied widely and did not differ among any of the treatment groups. We concluded that endothelial seeding improved the patency of human arterial prostheses but that results were worse if the patient was a smoker. BTG was not a useful measure of the platelet activation induced by an arterial prosthesis. PMID- 6237211 TI - Endothelial cell--seeded four-millimeter Dacron vascular grafts: effects of blood flow manipulation through the grafts. AB - The objective of this study was to compare the surface thrombogenicities of endothelial cell-seeded small-diameter vascular grafts with those of nonseeded contralateral grafts under conditions of acute controlled low blood flows through the grafts in a canine carotid artery model. Autologous venous endothelial cells seeded in the preclots onto 6 cm sections of 4 mm (internal diameter) double velour Dacron grafts covered 15% and 80% of graft luminal surfaces at 3 and 5 weeks postsurgically, respectively. Contralateral nonseeded control graft lumina had pannus ingrowth of endothelium across the anastomoses only. There were significant differences in initial carotid graft blood flow rates between seeded and control grafts at both 3 and 5 weeks postsurgically. When blood flow was reduced to 30% of the initial flow levels for 4 hours through these grafts, endothelial cell-seeded grafts maintained patencies and mean blood flow returned to 63.3% and 93% of initial flow levels at 3 and 5 weeks postsurgically, respectively. Few thrombi accumulated. In contrast, thrombi accumulated on nonseeded graft lumina during restricted blood flow. Some nonseeded grafts occluded during low flows, and the ratios of final flow to initial flow were only 28% at 3 weeks and 20% at 5 weeks in these nonseeded grafts. These data demonstrate the efficacy of seeding autologous endothelial cells on small diameter grafts in this canine model. If technically successful, endothelial cell seeding may provide a protocol for enhancement of the long-term implantation success of small-diameter vascular grafts used for human vascular repair and replacements. PMID- 6237213 TI - [Huntington chorea and neurotransmitters]. PMID- 6237214 TI - [Early discovery and treatment of physical disabilities]. PMID- 6237212 TI - The effect of federal regulations regarding handicapped newborns. A case report. PMID- 6237215 TI - Retardation of postsurgical metastases with the use of extracted tumor-specific transplantation antigens and cyclophosphamide. AB - In a 3-methylcholanthrene [(MCA) CAS: 56-49-5]-induced tumor model of C3H/HeJ mice excision of a growing primary tumor decreased concomitant immunity and facilitated experimental lung metastases. Administration of tumor-specific transplantation antigens extracted from viable MCA-F cells with the use of single phase (2.5%) 1-butanol [crude butanol extract (CBE)] augmented immunity after resection of the primary MCA-F tumor. Two weeks after footpad inoculation of 2 X 10(5) MCA-F cells, the tumor-bearing limbs were amputated and the mice were challenged subsequently with 5 X 10(4) cells of clone-9-4, a metastatic variant of MCA-F, via the tail vein. Whereas treatment with either 50 micrograms CBE sc or 20 mg cyclophosphamide (CY)/kg ip failed to retard lung colonization, combination therapy with the two agents reduced the incidence of lung colonies by 69.8% (26.5 vs. 8; P less than .001) compared with the incidence in the surgery alone group and by 55.5% (18 vs. 8; P less than .001) compared with the incidence in the group treated with surgery and CY. Furthermore, the combined effects of CBE and CY were immunologically specific: The combined therapy with the non-cross reactive MCA-D-CBE did not protect against iv challenge with clone-9-4. Treatment with antigenic extracts induced a 21.4% (4.2 vs. 3.3%) decrease in the ratio of Lyt 1+:Lyt 2+ cells in the spleens of tumor-resected mice, which suggested restoration to normal levels. Therefore, in the combined regimen, antigen may induce specific activation of helper lymphocytes, while CY inhibits activation of suppressor cells. PMID- 6237216 TI - [Tomoko Ide; providing home care for elderly people and handicapped people at home with a fee-for-service system]. PMID- 6237217 TI - [Functiono-morphological principles of classification of mitral valve stenosis]. AB - By correlating the functional classification of mitral stenosis proposed by A.N. Bakulev and E.A. Damir with the myocardial changes detected on the ECG in 282 patients operated on for mitral stenosis, it has been established that the hypertrophic process in the right ventricle at Stage IV of heart disease corresponds to the stage of wearing off and progressive cardiosclerosis. Heart disease of Stage III is associated with morphological alterations in the left atrium and the right ventricle of various severity. In developing a surgical classification of heart disease it is necessary to consider electrographically evident morphological changes in the heart. PMID- 6237218 TI - [Electrocardiographic diagnosis of the open oblique atrioventricular canal]. AB - The article is devoted to the detection of ECG criteria characteristic of the open oblique atrioventricular canal which makes it possible to make the differential diagnosis not only between individual forms of the open oblique atrioventricular canal but also to differentiate it from other forms of congenital heart disease. PMID- 6237220 TI - [Endoscopic diagnosis and treatment of acute cholecystitis]. PMID- 6237219 TI - [Effect of non-ionic roentgenocontrast preparation Omnipaque-350 on central hemodynamics and myocardial contraction]. AB - The authors studied the effect of the non-ionic radiopaque substance Omnipaque 350 on the central hemodynamics and myocardial contractility. A comprehensive angiographic examination was conducted in 25 patients. Omnipaque-350, when administered intravascularly, was found to induce the same general reactions as ionic triiod-containing radiopaque. It did not exert direct myocardiodepressive effect; yet, upon intracoronary administration it caused uniform changes in myocardial contractility and elasticity which corresponded to transitory alterations in its perfusion. During left ventriculography, Omnipaque-350 as compared with Urografin-76, has less marked hypervolemic properties and a less significant impact on the central hemodynamics and the pump function of the heart. PMID- 6237221 TI - [Laparoscopic decompression puncture of the gallbladder in acute cholecystitis]. PMID- 6237222 TI - [Organizational problems in the treatment of acute cholecystitis]. PMID- 6237223 TI - Global and regional wall motion and contractility of the left ventricle following cigarette smoking. AB - The hemodynamic and contractile effects of acute cigarette smoking were analyzed in 35 patients with normal cardiac and coronary function as well as with cardiac failure and with coronary artery disease. In normal patients (normal ventricular function, normal coronary arteriogram) cigarette smoking exhibited no contractile depressant effects. Moderate increase in global and in regional wall motion and contractility was found. Likewise, in patients with compensated hypertensive hypertrophy (normal ventriculogram, significant left ventricular hypertrophy, normal coronary arteriogram) cigarette smoking increased global and regional contraction function. In cardiac disease patients (dilatative cardiomyopathy, advanced coronary artery disease, decompensated hypertensive heart disease) cigarette smoking was associated with depression in the overall and regional contraction behavior of the left ventricular myocardium. In patients with coronary artery disease, cigarette smoking was accompanied by marked depression of the regional contraction pattern in hypokinetic, akinetic, and dyskinetic zones. Moreover, contractile depression also occurred in the non-ischemic zones, without pre-existing coronary artery stenoses. In conclusion, acute cigarette smoking may not cause contractile depressant effects in normal patients and patients with compensated hypertensive hypertrophy. However, in coronary patients, significant negative inotropic effects are present not only in the ischemic zones, but also in the non-ischemic myocardium. PMID- 6237224 TI - [Diagnostic possibilities for endoscopy in diseases of the stomach]. PMID- 6237225 TI - A health survey of car painters of different ethnic origin and the importance of racial factors. PMID- 6237226 TI - Transparency of three communication symbol systems. AB - This investigation studied the transparency or guessability of communication symbols from three widely used systems-Blissymbols, Picsyms, and Rebus. Symbol transparency was assessed across four age groups through a forced-choice identification task which contained Word, Phrase, and Sentence subtests. Significant differences were found in both Word subtest and Total test scores for the variables of symbol system and chronological age. Subjects across all age groups performed similarly in response to the Picsyms and Rebus symbol items but significantly more poorly when identifying Blissymbols. In addition, there appeared to be a developmental progression for the Picsym and Rebus symbol tests, but the same trend did not emerge for the Blissymbol test. The feature of symbol transparency, as measured through a forced-choice identification task, discriminated among symbol systems. Significantly fewer symbols from the Bliss system were found to be transparent when compared with Picsym and Rebus systems. PMID- 6237227 TI - Liver allograft rejection in pigs: histology of the graft and role of swine leukocyte antigen-D. AB - The porcine liver is often considered an immunologically privileged organ as liver allografts in unrelated pigs can survive without any form of immunosuppression. When donor and receptor animals were mismatched for swine leukocyte antigen-D (SLA-D) antigens as tested in mixed-lymphocyte culture (MLC), liver allografts were rejected in all but one of the 14 cases studied. In contrast, from the 10 animals receiving a liver from an MLC-matched donor 8 survived without any significant sign of rejection. The diagnosis of rejection was made by histologic examination of serial needle biopsies of the liver. Based on survival time and histological type of cellular infiltrate an early and a late form of rejection could be distinguished. The early form, with a survival time from 6 to 10 days, was characterized by lymphocytic infiltration of the portal tracts and the liver parenchyma. The late form, with a survival time ranging from 15 to 80 days, showed a lymphocytic and plasma cellular infiltration of the portal tracts. These results show that the outcome of liver allotransplantation in pigs is strongly dependent on SLA-D histocompatibility. It is concluded that porcine liver allografts are under immunological control. PMID- 6237228 TI - Studies on the developmental pattern of rat ovarian 3 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase: inhibition of the postpubertal activity with medroxyprogesterone acetate in vivo. AB - The developmental pattern of rat ovarian 3 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3 alpha-HSD) activity was determined with respect to age, vaginal opening, ovarian histology and serum 5 alpha-androstane-3 alpha, 17 beta-diol (3 alpha-diol). The enzyme was assayed by the incubation of [3H]dihydrotestosterone with a portion of whole ovarian cytosol in the presence of 5 X 10(-4) M NADPH. Serum levels of 3 alpha-diol declined from 11.1 +/- 1.2 ng/ml on day 22-3.4 +/- 0.3 ng/ml on day 30 (P less than 0.01). There was no significant change in 3 alpha-HSD during that period which fluctuated from 6.0 +/- 4.0 nmol/h/organ on day 22-8.4 +/- 1.9 nmol/h/organ on day 39. A significant increase on day 42 of 21.1 +/- 6.1 nmol/h/organ occurred well after vaginal opening, corpus luteum formation and the presence of ovarian progesterone; the activity plateaued on day 49 at 31.2 +/- 3.7 nmol/h/organ. In an attempt to inhibit the developmental increase in 3 alpha HSD activity, medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA), known inhibitor in vitro was administered to three groups of developing rats in vivo. The administration of MPA at doses of 0.1, 1.0 and 10.0 mg/kg to 30 and 36 day did not inhibit activity when assayed on day 44. In 44-day old rats, the administration of MPA failed to inhibit 3 alpha-HSD activity at 24 h (C-21.1 +/- 2.6; 0.1 mg/kg-19.4 +/- 5.5; 1.0 mg/kg-20.7 +/- 3.7; 10.0 mg/kg-21.1 +/- 3.0 nmol/h/organ) yet there was a significant reduction of 3 alpha-HSD activity when assayed at 48 h (C-21.1 +/- 1.5; 01 mg/kg-9.6 +/- 1.3; 1.0 mg/kg-8.5 +/- 1.9; and 10 mg/kg 5.2 +/- 2.0 nmol/h/organ). PMID- 6237229 TI - Chemotherapy trials in malignant pheochromocytoma: report of two patients and review of the literature. AB - Two patients with metastatic pheochromocytoma received chemotherapy with 5 fluorouracil, cyclophosphamide, and streptozotocin. A biochemical response occurred in one instance. A review of the literature and the results in the reported patients indicate cyclophosphamide and/or streptozotocin may have activity in this neoplasm. PMID- 6237231 TI - [Patients placed in a monotonous hospital environment. Seriousness of exposing handicapped children to a new strange environment--involvement with emotional development of severely handicapped children]. PMID- 6237232 TI - Metabolic activity of liver mitochondria from magnesium-deficient rats. AB - Comparisons were made between the metabolic activities of whole mitochondria and intact mitochondrial inner membrane preparations from magnesium-deficient and control rats in a basic medium without exogenous magnesium. Magnesium deficiency partially uncoupled oxidative phosphorylation in whole mitochondria and completely uncoupled it with inner membrane preparations. Addition of 1 mM MgCl2 to the medium prevented the total uncoupling of inner membranes and gave ADP:O values similar to those obtained with whole mitochondria from magnesium-deficient rats. No impairment in proton extrusion by intact inner membranes or in ATPase activity by either intact or fragmented inner membranes was detected during magnesium deficiency, but there was evidence of increased membrane permeability to the inward movement of protons. It is concluded that magnesium deficiency probably increases the permeability of the mitochondrial inner membrane and this weakens the coupling between oxidation and phosphorylation. PMID- 6237230 TI - Surgical management of occluded conduits after the Fontan operation in patients with Glenn shunts. AB - Five complete conduit occlusions occurred in four patients with the Glenn shunt 2 months to 2 years after the Fontan operation. The possible reasons for complete conduit occlusion were severe dehydration, high pulmonary vascular resistance, and intraoperative manipulation of the conduit. In one patient in whom complete conduit occlusion developed twice, no possible cause could be identified. Surgical approaches included replacement of the occluded conduit in three patients and creation of an atrial septal defect and left aortopulmonary shunt in the fourth patient. All patients who had replacement of the occluded conduit survived. The fourth patient had severe cyanosis and hypoxemia from marked reduction of flow through the Glenn shunt because of reversal of flow through large venous collaterals. He subsequently died of Candida sepsis. A fifth patient (previously reported) who had complete conduit occlusion also died after a similar procedure. We believe that in patients with a Glenn shunt who develop complete conduit occlusion after the Fontan operation, conduit excision and a secondary Fontan operation, preferably without the use of woven Dacron, should be done instead of establishing an atrial septal defect and aortopulmonary shunt to the left lung. PMID- 6237233 TI - Flowmeter for slow-flowing physiological liquids. PMID- 6237234 TI - [Monoclonal antibodies: toward the comprehension of the cellular dynamics of the immune system]. PMID- 6237236 TI - [Hypersensitivity syndrome caused by phenytoins and phenobarbital]. AB - Recently we have seen three patients with a clinically characteristic hypersensitivity reaction to phenytoin two to four weeks after they started these therapy. The picture simulated a severe infectious exanthem; it was characterized by a generalized erythematous macular eruption, massive edema of the face, fever, generalized lymphadenopathy and hepatic involvement. The laboratory findings revealed leukocytosis with atypical lymphocytes, eosinophilia and altered liver function. Involution of the eruption was characterized by exfoliation similar to that observed in scarlet fever. There was prompt and good response to treatment with systemic steroids. PMID- 6237235 TI - [Echocardiographic and arterial pressure changes after acute and prolonged (3 months) administration of nifedipine]. PMID- 6237237 TI - [Papillon-Lefevre syndrome. Presentation of a case]. AB - The authors report a case of hyperkeratosis palmoplantaris with periodontosis (Papillon-Lefevre syndrome) in a five year old male patient. This patient showed hyperkeratosis over palms, soles, knees and premature periodontoclasia. No other abnormalities were detected on physical examination and the personal and familial antecedents were negative. There is no history of consanguinity of his parents. Roentgenographic examination of his skull did not reveal ectopic calcification of the falk cerebri or tentorium. The skin biopsy of the lesions exhibit marked hyperkeratosis, acantosis and a moderate perivascular infiltrate composed mainly of mononuclears, localized in the upper dermis. The corium showed a mild atrophy. We assumed that this case resulted from homozygosity for autosomal recessive genes. Considering this is the first case detected in Panama with a population near two millions habitant, it supports the low frequency of the disorder, estimated roughly at one to four per million persons in the general population, according Gorlin et al. PMID- 6237239 TI - [Content of thorium isotopes in human teeth]. AB - The concentrations of Th isotopes were determined in the teeth of persons belonging to 3 age groups (under 7,8-16, over 16) from 10 areas of RSFSR. Differences in the content of 228Th and 232Th in the teeth of persons of various ages living in different areas of the RSFSR are statistically insignificant. There is no balance between them in all the samples. The ratio of their concentrations is on an average 2.4 +/- 0.9. The Th isotope summary irradiation dose absorbed by the osseous tissue is 9.6 X 10(-6) Gy/year. PMID- 6237238 TI - The hypothermic effect of 4-(5,6-dimethyl-2-benzofuranyl) piperidine HCl (CGP 6085 A) in Wistar Kyoto rats. AB - CGP 6085 A [4-(5,6-dimethyl-2-benzofuranyl) piperidine HCl], a reported serotonin uptake and MAO (16) inhibitor, is a potent hypothermic agent. The hypothermic action of CGP 6085 A is dose dependent with a maximal reduction in rectal core temperature of greater than 1 degree C within one hour after drug administration. Fluoxetine and citalopram elicit a similar response at equal doses. These results suggest that inhibition of serotonin uptake may produce the hypothermic effect. To assess the in vivo action of CGP 6085 A in inhibiting hypothalamic serotonin uptake, CGP 6085 A (10 mg/kg) was injected one hour prior to injection of 3 hydroxy-4-methyl-alpha-ethyl-phenylethylamine (H75/12), a serotonin depletor. The ability of CGP 6085 A to block the uptake of H75/12 by the 5HT uptake system was indicative of its ability to block serotonin uptake. Pretreatment with p chlorophenylalanine (pCPA), an inhibitor of serotonin synthesis, resulted in the loss of the hypothermic response to CGP 6085 A. Thus, these data are consistent with the idea that CGP 6085 A may produce its hypothermic response by inhibiting serotonin uptake. PMID- 6237241 TI - A comparison of Medicaid waiver applications for populations that are mentally retarded and elderly/disabled. PMID- 6237240 TI - Perceptions of young children with handicaps: a comparison of mothers and program staff. PMID- 6237242 TI - Atlantoaxial instability in individuals with Down syndrome. PMID- 6237244 TI - Chromosomal location of the Escherichia coli cytochrome b556 gene, cybA. AB - The amounts of cytochrome b556 in the cytoplasmic membranes of several Escherichia coli K12 strains having F-prime factors and a lambda transducing phage were determined. The amount was amplified about two-fold in strains having F100-12 and F152, but not in strains having F100-11, F8 and lambda psu+2glnS+. The strain TK3D11, which lacks the kdp-gltA region (deletion D-01) of the E. coli chromosome, did not synthesize cytochrome b556 at all. From these results, the gene cybA encoding cytochrome b556 was located in the kdp-gltA region. In the cytochrome b556-deficient mutant, a novel b type cytochrome, cytochrome b561 which is a product of the gene cybB, was identified. It seems to function as a physiological electron transferring cytochrome in place of cytochrome b556 in this mutant. PMID- 6237243 TI - Testicular steroidogenic response to human chorionic gonadotropin of fifteen male transsexuals on chronic estrogen treatment. AB - Fifteen transsexuals were prepared for surgery with estrogen treatment. The response to human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) in the untreated state was similar to that of normal subjects when testosterone (T), estradiol-17 beta (E2), 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone (17 alpha-OHP), progesterone (P), 4-androstenedione (delta 4A), and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHA) were used as indices. Following estrogen therapy, plasma T, 17 alpha-OHP, and DHA levels were markedly reduced whereas delta 4A and P were not. In spite of the suppressive effects of estrogen, a good response to hCG was noted in such subjects in plasma levels of T, 17 alpha OHP, and, to a lesser extent, delta 4A even after estrogen administration for 24 months. The high rates of 17 alpha-OHP to T induced by estrogen treatment is restored to normal by the administration of hCG. PMID- 6237245 TI - Prophage inactivation in recB-proficient Escherichia coli K12 (lambda) lysogens after ultraviolet irradiation. AB - If ultraviolet irradiated, lambda-lysogenic Escherichia coli K12 bacteria are incubated for 4 to 6 h at 30 degrees C, lambda prophage becomes inactive in the non-surviving cells. This was demonstrated by the use of lambda cIts857ind1 prophage which can be induced by heat but not by ultraviolet light. An analysis with various bacterial mutants showed that RecBC recombination enzyme is required in conjunction with RecA protein for prophage inactivation. PMID- 6237246 TI - Hek: an Escherichia coli function involved in functional expression of the kil gene of bacteriophage Mu. AB - An Escherichia coli mutant has been isolated (Hek) in which the kil gene of bacteriophage Mu is not functionally expressed. The hek locus has been mapped between rpoD (66.2 min) and argR (69.5 min) on the E. coli chromosome. No influence of the hek mutation on phage or E. coli development could be detected. PMID- 6237247 TI - Muscle relaxants and neuromuscular disorders. PMID- 6237248 TI - [Importance of the theory of natural foci in parasitic and infectious diseases in Georgia]. PMID- 6237249 TI - [Epidemiology of tick-borne borreliosis in southern Kirghizia]. PMID- 6237250 TI - [Automarking of gamasid mites and fleas in the nests of common redbacked voles in winter (based on radioisotope labelling data)]. PMID- 6237251 TI - [Experience in controlling enterobiasis in the preschool institutions of Erevan]. PMID- 6237253 TI - Treatment of idiopathic seborrhea in a dog. AB - A spayed Cocker Spaniel with idiopathic chronic generalized seborrhea responded poorly to treatment, consisting of medicated baths and intermittent use of lincomycin and triamcinolone acetate, over a 5 1/2-year period. At 7 years of age, the animal became refractory to triamcinolone injections. Oral vitamin A therapy was not beneficial, but oral use of 13-cis-retinoic acid (Accutane: Roche), at 0.25 mg/kg BID, resulted in recovery within a month. PMID- 6237252 TI - Fluorometer for endoscopic diagnosis of tumors. AB - A filter fluorometer suitable for endoscopic applications has been developed for detection and characterization of superficial tumors by the fluorescence of a previously injected, tumor-specific agent, hematoporphyrin derivative. Fluorescence is excited by violet light conducted through a fiberoptic lightguide in the endoscope, and the fluorescence emission together with reflected violet are collected by another fiberoptic lightguide. The red fluorescence and violet are separated by a dichroic mirror and filter and detected in photomultiplier tubes. The ratio of the fluorescence signal to the reflected violet signal is proportional to the ratio of the fluorescence yield to the violet reflectivity but is insensitive to variations in distance, angle, and violet power. The instrument may be useful for localizing small tumors, and for quantitative measurements of the amount of hematoporphyrin derivative in the tumor, a requirement for accurate dosimetry in photoradiation therapy. PMID- 6237254 TI - The ternary complex model. Its properties and application to ligand interactions with the D2-dopamine receptor of the anterior pituitary gland. AB - Agonists and antagonists interact with the pituitary D2-dopamine receptor in a complex fashion that has been accounted for by proposing that the receptor exists in two interconvertible affinity states [De Lean et al., Mol. Pharmacol. 22:290 297 (1982)]. These two states appear to be modulated by guanine nucleotides such that the state existing in the presence of excess guanine nucleotide has low affinity for agonists and high affinity for antagonists. These observations, together with several lines of evidence from other laboratories, have suggested the interaction of the receptor with a guanine nucleotide-binding protein and a model describing the reversible interaction of the receptor (R) with an additional membrane component (X) was studied [De Lean et al., J. Biol. Chem. 255:7108-7117 (1980)]. Several properties of this ternary complex model are presented and discussed in terms of the interpretation of the analysis of simulated binding data using the mass-action model. Computer modeling of experimental binding data obtained from membrane homogenates of bovine anterior pituitary glands indicated that a ternary complex model will fit only under conditions where, in the absence of any ligand, there is a tight interaction or "precoupling" of R with X, with the latter being in stoichiometrically limiting amounts; antagonists and guanine nucleotides would tend to destabilize this interaction, whereas agonists would serve to stabilize the coupled form. These results, for a receptor system that inhibits adenylate cyclase activity, are notably different from those observed for the beta-adrenergic receptor, which stimulates the enzyme and may be a reflection of differences in the molecular mechanisms of the interaction of the two receptor systems with their ligands and their effector. Some features of the model are not compatible with the experimental data and have indicated the need to consider extensions of the model, in light of recent advancements in our understanding of these regulatory components. Our results stress the importance of verifying the properties of proposed models and of cautiously testing these proposed models by their direct application to experimental data. PMID- 6237255 TI - Phorbol ester-induced protein secretion in rat parotid gland. Relationship to the role of inositol lipid breakdown and protein kinase C activation in stimulus secretion coupling. AB - When added to rat parotid gland slices incubated in vitro, 4 alpha-phorbol dibutyrate (PDBu) induced a dose-dependent increase in protein secretion, but did not affect membrane permeability to K+ (as determined by 86Rb efflux). The response to PDBu was unaffected by the removal of extracellular Ca2+ and was not markedly potentiated by incubation with the phosphodiesterase inhibitor, methylisobutylxanthine. PDBu did not activate phospholipase C breakdown of inositol lipids as shown by a failure to increase formation of soluble inositol phosphates. When applied in combination with the Ca2+ ionophore, ionomycin, a secretory rate was obtained that was greater than the predicted sum of rates obtained when the two drugs were given alone. These results, when taken with the reported results of others, are consistent with an action of PDBu in activating protein kinase C and suggest that this enzyme plays an important role in the pathway linking receptor activation to protein secretion, but not K+ flux, in the parotid gland. PMID- 6237256 TI - [Early functional orthodontic treatment of orofacial developmental disorders in children with Down's syndrome]. AB - Possibilities are indicated of early functional orthodontic treatment in babies and small children with Down's Syndrome with orofacial pathology. PMID- 6237257 TI - [The behavior of handicapped persons in the dental environment. Particular reference to the behavior at the first visit to the office and following visits]. PMID- 6237258 TI - Cladosporium carrionii Trejos 1954 infection of human nail. PMID- 6237259 TI - Lack of effect of hepatitis B vaccine on T-cell phenotypes. PMID- 6237260 TI - Renal revascularization in the azotemic hypertensive patient resistant to therapy. AB - We undertook this study to assess the frequency of renovascular hypertension in patients with azotemia and hypertension refractory to drug therapy and to determine the effects of renal revascularization on blood pressure and renal function in these subjects. Thirty-nine of 106 consecutive patients admitted for diagnostic evaluation of severe hypertension proved to have renovascular hypertension. Of 21 hypertensive patients with renal insufficiency, 10 appeared to have renovascular hypertension with either bilateral atherosclerotic renovascular disease or unilateral renal arterial stenosis in a solitary functioning kidney. Medical therapy in the hospital often induced further deterioration of renal function despite enhanced blood-pressure control. However, surgical revascularization or percutaneous transluminal angioplasty produced improvement or stabilization of renal function and control of blood pressure in all patients with azotemia who were treated in this manner, despite longstanding hypertension. The benefits of therapy have persisted for 10 to 42 months of follow-up. These studies indicate that refractory hypertension in association with renal insufficiency is a relatively common clinical presentation for renovascular hypertension and bilateral renal-artery disease. Diagnostic evaluation and consideration of renal revascularization appear warranted in such patients, both for the control of the hypertension and for improvement in renal function. PMID- 6237261 TI - Is percutaneous coronary angioplasty less expensive than bypass surgery? AB - Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty is widely considered to be an acceptable and less expensive alternative to bypass surgery in carefully selected patients. We compared expenditures related to cardiac care for 79 unselected patients undergoing coronary angioplasty with expenditures for 89 unselected patients undergoing elective coronary bypass surgery without a previous attempt at angioplasty. All the patients had single-vessel disease. The mean aggregate one-year monetary outlay was 15 per cent lower in the angioplasty group than in the bypass-surgery group. A major component of the expense of angioplasty was the treatment of restenosis in the 33 per cent of patients in this group in whom this late complication occurred. We conclude that percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty has potential for reducing expenditures for cardiac revascularization and that a further reduction may be obtainable when the rates of restenosis are improved. PMID- 6237262 TI - Evidence of arrest of neurogenesis and synaptogenesis in brains of patients with Down's syndrome. PMID- 6237263 TI - Production of trichothecenes and zearalenone by Fusarium species isolated from wheat. AB - Fusaria isolates from wheat were tested for ability to produce trichothecenes and zearalenone. Four isolates of F. culmorum out of 13 produced vomitoxin (DON) and 3 Ac-DON, one produced diacetoxysirpenol and 12 zearalenone. Particularly high yield of zearalenone was observed in cultures of sever pathogenic isolates. Higher temperature (20 degrees C) during first week of incubation favoured yield of zearalenone. About 50% of zearalenone was produced by surface mycelium. PMID- 6237266 TI - [Acne and oral contraceptives]. PMID- 6237264 TI - T3-Ti receptor triggering of T8+ suppressor T cells leads to unresponsiveness to interleukin-2. AB - T3-associated disulphide linked heterodimers (Tin) comprised of clonally unique alpha-chains of molecular weight (MW) 49,000-54,000 and beta chains of MW 43,000 have been identified as the antigen receptors on human cytotoxic effector and inducer T-lymphocytes. Crosslinking of Ti molecules by either the appropriate nominal antigen/MHC specificity or anti-clonotypic monoclonal antibody results in clonal expansion of such cells via induction of IL-2 receptor expression, endogenous IL-2 release and IL-2-IL-2 receptor interaction. To determine whether analogous antigen receptor molecules and autocrine growth mechanisms are utilized by suppressor T-cells, we produced an anti-clonotypic monoclonal antibody against a non-cytotoxic T8+ suppressor T-cell, T8AC6, which defines a T3-associated disulphide-linked heterodimer of similar molecular weight to the above clonotypes. We find that Te-Ti triggering of suppressor clones (T8AC6, T8AC7 or T8RW) does not result in IL-2 production or T-cell proliferation and in contrast to inducer clones, also leads to a transient IL-2 unresponsive state. We suggest that such T3-Ti receptor mediated autoregulation of suppressor T-cell growth is necessary in the facilitation of initial inducer T-cell activation following antigenic perturbation. PMID- 6237267 TI - [20-year follow-up study of 25-31-week-old premature infants]. PMID- 6237265 TI - Evidence for an antagonistic action of tabernanthine on hypoxia-induced changes in brain serotonin levels. AB - The effects of tabernanthine on serotonin (5-HT) levels were determined in several brain areas of rats exposed to various simulated altitudes (1800, 5200, 7000 m). The 5-HT synthesis inhibitor, para-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA), was used to dissociate the effects occurring at synthesis and release levels. Tabernanthine antagonized the decrease in hypothalamic 5-HT levels induced by a 7000 m hypoxia and also suppressed the decrease in PCPA-induced depletion observed at 5200 and 7000 m in the hypothalamus, the striatum and the rest of the brain. It was assumed that tabernanthine stimulates different steps of 5-HT metabolism. These effects, revealed by hypoxia, are related to other peripheral and central properties of this drug. PMID- 6237269 TI - Learned a great deal I can put to good use on the ward. PMID- 6237270 TI - Disability--a challenge for living. PMID- 6237268 TI - [A breakthrough in research on Huntington's chorea]. PMID- 6237271 TI - [Immunohistochemical study of the temporal artery in stroke patients]. PMID- 6237272 TI - [Inositol in the cerebrospinal fluid, plasma and erythrocytes in spinal pain syndromes]. AB - The studies, performed on 40 patients with brachialgia and ischialgia syndromes, showed higher CSF inositol concentrations in comparison with healthy subjects. The highest rise was observed particularly in patients in the initial stage of disease, while the rise was lower in more severe forms of the disease and in cases with root compression confirmed by radiculography. Blood plasma and erythrocyte concentrations of inositol and phosphatidylinositol were within normal range, although they significantly differed in various brachialgia and ischialgia syndromes. PMID- 6237273 TI - [Clinico-radiological picture of periradicular cysts in the lumbosacral region]. AB - After a review of the modern views on the problem of the so called Tarlov's cysts the authors present a group of 20 patients with chronic low back pains in whom periradicular cysts were diagnosed demonstrating them by means of Dimer-X radiculography. In the light of an analysis of this material the authors reach the conclusion that there are no specific symptoms and signs which could make possible the diagnosis of Tarlov's cysts without contrast radiography of the dural sac. There are, moreover, no reliable data demonstrating that the clinical manifestations in patients with Tarlov's cysts are indeed caused by them since surgical verification demonstrates often other causes of pain. PMID- 6237274 TI - Test-dependent variations in the antinociceptive effect of p-chloroamphetamine induced release of 5-hydroxytryptamine. AB - p-Chloroamphetamine (PCA), in doses that did not significantly impair motor performance in a rotating-wheel task, induced marked analgesia in rats tested with the hot-plate and flinch-jump methods. In the tail-flick test, moderate hyper- or hypo-analgesia was found to be dependent on dose. In hot-plate experiments the analgesia was attenuated by inhibition of uptake of 5-HT (with zimelidine), depletion of stores of 5-HT (with PCPA) and by lesioning of 5-HT containing terminals (long-term PCA treatment). Blockade of serotonin receptors by metergoline produced hyperalgesia, but failed to reduce the analgesia induced by p-chloroamphetamine. Manipulation of catecholaminergic and opioid systems did not reduce the effect of p-chloramphetamine. It is concluded that induction of release of 5-HT by chloroamphetamine induces antinociception which varies in magnitude between tests, suggesting that different serotonergic mechanisms modulate complex and reflex responses to noxious stimulation. The failure of metergoline to antagonize the analgesia induced by p-chloroamphetamine suggests an involvement of 5-HT receptors different from the ones implicated in other types of behaviour mediated by 5-HT. PMID- 6237275 TI - Treatment of tandem lesions of the extracranial carotid artery. AB - The authors present a patient with bihemispheric transient ischemic attacks attributed to stenosis of the left common carotid origin and stenosis and ulceration of the left cervical internal carotid artery. Because of precarious cerebral blood supply secondary to occlusions of the right common carotid and left vertebral arteries, several measures were undertaken perioperatively to provide protection from cerebral ischemia during vessel occlusion. These included Swan-Ganz catheter monitoring to maximize cardiac output and maintain satisfactory hydration, normocarbia, satisfactory oxygenation, and moderate hypertension and barbiturate infusion. With these adjuncts, both lesions were treated together. Retrograde balloon angioplasty under fluoroscopic control of a significant stenosis of the common carotid artery origin was performed before carotid endarterectomy. Postoperative digital subtraction angiography demonstrated a satisfactory technical result. The management of tandem lesions of the extracranial carotid artery is discussed. Balloon angioplasty coupled with extracranial vascular reconstructive procedures may allow the management of lesions not treated safely or effectively by either technique alone. PMID- 6237277 TI - [Skin pathology induced by drugs]. PMID- 6237276 TI - Oxygenated fluorocarbon nutrient solution in the treatment of experimental spinal cord injury. AB - We employed an extravascular perfusion system through the subarachnoid space of the traumatized spinal cord of the cat for the delivery of oxygen utilizing a fluorocarbon emulsion containing essential nutrients, termed the oxygenated fluorocarbon nutrient solution (OFNS). Animals perfused for 2 hours with saline after impact injury of the spinal cord had significantly less edema at 1 cm below this site of injury than injured, untreated animals. However, in injured animals perfused with OFNS there was significant protection from spinal cord edema at both 1 and 2 cm below the site of injury. OFNS perfusion reduced the magnitude of hemorrhagic necrosis in both the gray and the white matter and protected the anterior horn cells against lysis at the site of injury. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is decreased within 1 minute and remains suppressed for 1 hour in gray and white matter of unperfused, injured animals. The level of ATP in both gray and white matter was significantly higher in injured OFNS-perfused animals than in saline-treated animals at the site below the spinal cord injury. Our data show that OFNS perfusion of the injured spinal cord reduced necrosis and edema and tended to normalize the levels of high energy ATP and intact anterior horn cells. These results demonstrate the feasibility of treating ischemic hypoxia of the spinal cord after trauma through an extravascular perfusion route that utilizes a fluorocarbon emulsion as a vehicle for the delivery of oxygen and other cellular nutrients. PMID- 6237278 TI - [Splenic scintigraphy in traumatic ruptures of the spleen. Personal observations]. PMID- 6237279 TI - Kynurenic acid blocks neurotoxicity and seizures induced in rats by the related brain metabolite quinolinic acid. AB - Kynurenic acid (KYNA) was tested as an antagonist of the neurotoxic and epileptogenic effects of the metabolically related brain constituent quinolinic acid (QUIN). In the rat striatum, KYNA blocked the neurotoxic effects of QUIN in preference to those of other excitotoxins. In the hippocampus, KYNA antagonized both the neurodegeneration and seizures caused by the local application of QUIN. These properties of KYNA raise the possibility of a functional link between KYNA and QUIN in the brain which may be of relevance for an understanding of human neurodegenerative disorders. PMID- 6237280 TI - Reduced GABA transaminase activity in the Huntington's disease putamen. AB - GABA transaminase activity is reduced in autopsied putamen samples from patients dying with Huntington's disease. Its activity is also reduced in the striatum of rats previously lesioned with kainic acid. In both cases, the reduction in GABA transaminase activity is comparable with the reduction in glutamate decarboxylase activity, supporting the suspected localization of this enzyme to GABA neurones within the basal ganglia. PMID- 6237281 TI - Does maximal serotonin N-acetyltransferase activity necessarily reflect maximal melatonin production in the rat pineal gland? AB - p-Chlorophenylalanine (PCPA) treatment reduced pineal 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) levels by 68.9% of non-PCPA treated levels in intact rat pineal glands and by 95.9% of non-PCPA treated levels in adrenergically denervated rat pineal glands. Although isoproterenol stimulation resulted in increased activity of serotonin N acetyltransferase (NAT) activity in all experimental groups, pineal melatonin production was maximal only in non-PCPA treated rats, suggesting that 5-HT concentrations may exert considerable influence on the level of melatonin production in the rat pineal gland, independent of the level of NAT activity. PMID- 6237282 TI - Elase and wound debridement. PMID- 6237283 TI - [50th anniversary of legislation on the standardization of public health services. Dr. Arthur Gutt and the founding of the Public Health Service]. PMID- 6237284 TI - [Results of swimming pools inspection in the Schleswig-Flensburg district 1980 1983]. PMID- 6237285 TI - [Hygienic problems in hot whirlpools]. PMID- 6237287 TI - [Hospital census: a means for determination of hospital bed availability]. PMID- 6237286 TI - [Methods for improving early diagnosis of hearing loss--screening studies of the Stuttgart Public Health Department]. PMID- 6237288 TI - [Use of cost-benefit studies in the health services]. PMID- 6237290 TI - [Basic aspects of medicosocial rehabilitation in crystalline lens injuries]. PMID- 6237289 TI - [Visual analyzer function of children studying from the age of 6 in the preparatory grades of the general education schools of Rostov-on-Don]. PMID- 6237291 TI - [Organization of restorative treatment in the medicosocial rehabilitation of persons with monocular cataract]. PMID- 6237292 TI - [Eye function in metallurgists in the shops of the Kuznetsk Metallurgical Combine]. PMID- 6237293 TI - Assessing the risk of angina for dental therapy. AB - The purpose of this article is to review signs and symptoms of three of the most common patterns of angina pectoris and to outline the prognostic implications as an aid to the dentist when dental therapy is contemplated. The three anginal patterns discussed are classic angina, variant angina, and unstable angina. PMID- 6237295 TI - [Status and current tasks of traumatological-orthopedic services in the Moldavian SSR]. PMID- 6237294 TI - Antifibrinolytic activity in middle ear effusion. AB - No activity of the plasmin and plasminogen activators could be detected in middle ear effusion (MEE). A streptokinase proactivator, which was not plasminogen and markedly enhanced the activation of plasminogen by streptokinase, could be detected. MEE had an apparent inhibitory activity against both thiol protease (papain) and serine proteases (plasmin and trypsin). All these findings indicate that MEE contains unsaturated protease inhibitors and is in a state of predominance of inhibitors over fibrinolytic activity. PMID- 6237296 TI - [Organization of ambulatory traumatological services for the adult population in Kishinev]. PMID- 6237297 TI - [Genetic study of children with congenital heart defects]. PMID- 6237298 TI - [Relation between earning power and first day of disability, as well as the number of days of paid sick leave]. PMID- 6237300 TI - Site of pain: relationship to measures of pain description, behavior and personality. AB - Recent research has focused on identification of clinically meaningful subgroupings within the chronic pain population in contrast to prior emphasis on the homogeneity of these patients. The present study investigates site of pain as a potentially useful classification variable for identification of differences among chronic pain patients. In the study 92 patients presenting to a multidisciplinary pain clinic with chronic, benign pain were categorized as to site of pain (head/neck, low back, neither, both). Patients completed self-report scales assessing various activity abilities and health behaviors, a measure of pain description (McGill Pain Questionnaire (MPQ), health related measures of personality (Illness Behavior Questionnaire (IBQ) and health beliefs (Multidimensional Health Locus of Control (MHLC). One-way ANOVAs revealed significant differences as a function of pain site on a number of behavioral variables (downtime, walking, recreational and social abilities), pain description (MPQ--number of words chosen, total sum of ranks, sensory and affective) and psychological variables (IBQ--disease conviction, psychologic vs. somatic perception of illness and MHLC--internality). These results suggest site of pain to be of significance in the elaboration of behavioral and psychological response to chronic pain and implications for treatment are discussed. PMID- 6237299 TI - T-cell subpopulations in head and neck carcinoma. AB - Peripheral blood T-cell subpopulations were quantitated with monoclonal antibodies in a group of 27 patients with biopsy-proved squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. Abnormal quantitative relationships between helper/inducer T cells (Th) and suppressor/cytotoxic T cells (Ts) were encountered in many patients. Short-term follow-up of these patients did not demonstrate a correlation between these immune parameters and clinical course. Longer follow-up and expansion of the data base will be necessary before a determination can be made of the value of quantitative T-cell subpopulation analysis relative to its use as a prognostic indicator in patients with head and neck cancer. PMID- 6237301 TI - Familial autoimmune hemolytic anemia. PMID- 6237302 TI - Cultural factors in chronic pain. PMID- 6237303 TI - Back pain in children. AB - Back pain in children and adolescents must be regarded as a significant complaint, and the physician must be aware that minimal symptoms may be associated with major problems. This article outlines an aggressive and comprehensive diagnostic approach in order to prevent overlooking a serious problem. PMID- 6237305 TI - Treatment of disabled infants. PMID- 6237304 TI - Decreased calcium content and 45Ca2+ uptake in Down's syndrome blood platelets. AB - Total intracellular Ca2+ and 45Ca2+ uptake has been studied in blood platelets from subjects with Down's syndrome and matched controls. In Down's subjects, Ca2+ levels (85.5 +/- 5.9 nmol/10(-9) platelets) were significantly lower than controls, 174 +/- 10.0 nmol/10(-9) (p less than 0.0005). A similar reduction was seen in calcium uptake (Down's platelets, 0.79 +/- 0.06 nmol/10(-9) platelets; controls, 1.17 +/- 0.07 nmol/10(-9) platelets, p less than 0.005). The low levels of intracellular Ca2+ may be related to decreased granular storage of serotonin, and the decreased Ca2+ uptake with impaired transport by intracellular Ca2+ accumulating organelles such as the dense tubular system. PMID- 6237306 TI - [Objectives with regard to further improvement of child health services in preschool institutions]. PMID- 6237307 TI - [Bland-White-Garland syndrome]. PMID- 6237308 TI - Personal computer based programs for the handicapped. AB - This is an experience report concerning the utilization of personal (micro) computers for in and outpatients of The Burke Rehabilitation Center. Three Apple II Plus desk computers and peripherals are in use with the following objectives:- To provide access via a variety of interface switches. To motivate and train child and juvenile amputees undergoing upper limb amputation rehabilitation. To provide a different approach to neuropsychological testing and behavioural assessment. To provide cognitive rehabilitation programs for patients with head trauma and stroke. To add another option for pre-vocational evaluation. The report discusses computer access technology along with a description of program applications. Conclusions based on the preliminary results of observing 101 patients are given. PMID- 6237309 TI - Chariots of fire. PMID- 6237310 TI - Old people in the community. Two. A measure of independence. PMID- 6237311 TI - Intracoronary thrombolysis and percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. Nursing implications. AB - The advances made in the treatment of coronary artery disease and myocardial infarction are generally viewed with excitement by the health care team. As a result, it is often easy to forget that these same measures may be very frightening to patients and their families. It is the nurse's responsibility to ensure that adequate information is provided about streptokinase therapy and PTCA, not only in terms of their purposes, but also in terms of activities and sensations the patient will experience. The sympathetic stress response demonstrated by frightened patients has a significant effect on cardiovascular function. This effect in patients with an acute myocardial infarction or significant coronary artery disease can, in turn, adversely affect the outcome of therapeutic interventions. Streptokinase therapy and PTCA are still relatively new procedures. Over the next ten years they may be used both more extensively and under more acute circumstances. For the patient, however, they will remain new and frightening. Appropriate nursing interventions, particularly those related to decreasing this fright, can decrease anxiety and minimize the risks related to the sympathetic stress response, promoting patient well-being. PMID- 6237313 TI - Cleft palate training offered by advanced pedodontic programs. PMID- 6237312 TI - Management of oral findings in a child with an advanced case of dermatomyositis: clinical report. PMID- 6237314 TI - Future directions in graduate pedodontic education. PMID- 6237315 TI - [New trends in studies on the pathogenesis and course of glomerulonephritis]. PMID- 6237316 TI - Neuroradiology in psychiatry. AB - This article explored methods of brain imaging as they relate to the practice of psychiatry. In particular, technical aspects and clinical applications of CAT scanning are reviewed, and some neurologic conditions that may masquerade as psychiatric illness are considered. Suggested guidelines for CAT scanning in psychiatric patients are put forth, and implications of recent research findings in psychiatric disorders are discussed. In closing, we offer the following caveat: As "psychiatric" symptoms may be the earliest sign of structural CNS disease, the psychiatrist may be the first physician to evaluate patients with neurologic abnormalities. Because even the neurologic consultant may not be alert to the possibility of psychiatric symptoms alone heralding CNS pathology, the decision to augment the clinical impression with neuroradiologic or other brain imaging adjuncts (and to choose among them) may rest solely with the psychiatrist. Of these adjuncts, CAT scanning is almost always the most conclusive and reliable. PMID- 6237317 TI - Second-generation antidepressants. AB - The host of newly developed antidepressant drugs offer important clinical advantages to some patients, although their promises of improved therapeutic efficacy and reduced adverse effects compared with conventional treatments are not fully realized. Increased biochemical specificity and unique mechanistic or clinical profiles render these compounds valuable in research into the pathophysiology of affective disorders and mode of action of antidepressant agents. PMID- 6237318 TI - Atypical bronchial cilia in children with recurrent respiratory tract infections. A comparative ultrastructural study. AB - Ultrastructurally atypical bronchial cilia are studied and semiquantitatively analysed in 24 children suffering from recurrent respiratory tract infections with or without bronchiectasis. In patients with Kartagener's syndrome normal looking and shortened dynein arms are present at some axonemal microtubular doublets. This finding suggests that the polymerization or assemblage of dynein molecules on microtubules only is defective but not totally lacking. Bilateral, local and partial absence of dynein arms is demonstrated in some of the patients with acquired unilateral bronchiectases. These patients also reveal anomalies of the "9 + 2" microtubular axonemal pattern. It is suggested that these abnormalities of the tubulin-dynein system are local and acquired defects that may impair bronchial mucociliary clearance. None of the patients with pneumonia and asthma or with cystic fibrosis studied show any anomalies of the dynein arms. However aberrant axonemal microtubular patterns and other ciliopathies such as naked axonemes and megacilia are present at times in these patients. We postulate that these atypical cilia are secondary acquired abnormalities. Only some patients with bacterial or viral pneumonia demonstrate a partial lack of dynein arms in bronchial cilia. Other ciliopathies such as megacilia, naked and intracytoplasmic axonemes and apical blebs are more frequent and more common in these patients. We suppose they manifest a secondary and rather aspecific pathogenic influence upon the bronchial ciliary substructure. PMID- 6237319 TI - [Regulatory chains of skeletal muscle myosin]. PMID- 6237321 TI - Coronary angioplasty and its role in the management of angina pectoris. PMID- 6237320 TI - Induction of vitellogenesis in Japanese quail as a sensitive indicator of the estrogen-mimetic effect of a variety of environmental contaminants. AB - Vitellogenesis was induced in mature male Japanese quail following intramuscular injections of 16 mumol/100 g body weight of any one of four estrogen analogues or 160 mumol/100 g of the nonsteroid zearalenone. Six hours after the injections, microgram levels of vitellogenin were detected and quantitated by rocket immunoelectrophoresis. Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of plasma from estrogen-treated birds and from 160 mumol zearalenone-treated birds showed, 4 days after the injections, the three subunits of vitellogenin normally seen in the plasma of egg-laying female quail. As evidenced by increased concentrations of plasma protein-bound phosphorus, total plasma calcium, and total plasma protein, mole-for-mole diethylstilbestrol dipropionate was 114%, ethynyl estradiol 75%, moxestrol 108%, and zearalenone 5.6% as effective as estradiol-17 beta in inducing vitellogenesis over a 4-day period. The responses to 160 mumol zearalenone/100 g over 8 days were approximately .6 the responses for estradiol. The responses to ethynyl estradiol were about equal to those for estradiol for days 1 and 2, then faded to .3 the estradiol response by day 8. Doses of 16 or 160 mumol/100 g of cholecalciferol, chlordecone, corticosterone, o,p1-DDT [1,1,1-trichlor-2-(p-chlorphenyl)-2-(o-chlorphenyl)eth ane], methoxychlor, progesterone, or testosterone, or 16 mumol/100 g of zearalenone did not induce vitellogenesis. Induction of vitellogenesis in male Japanese quail can thus provide a sensitive test of the estrogen-mimicking activity of some possible environmental contaminants. PMID- 6237322 TI - [Oncological screening of precancerous lesions and tumors of the mouth in chronically ill patients hospitalized in the psychiatric hospital in Dobrany]. PMID- 6237323 TI - An improvement on labelled messenger RNA preparation for DNA-RNA hybridisation. AB - An improved method for the removal of DNA and phenol residues after phenol extraction in m-RNA preparation has been developed. This involves repeated freeze thaws of the aqueous layer under centrifugal force. As a model assay, five minutes pulse-labelled lambda cI47 late m-RNA is prepared and hybridised to the r strain lambda DNA. After the centrifugation treatment, non-specific hybridisation is reduced to one-tenth of the untreated sample and the background with respect to input radioactivity for hybridisation is reduced to 0.3%. This low background m-RNA preparation is important especially in dealing with minor class m-RNA. PMID- 6237325 TI - [Legionnaires' disease 8 years after the epidemic in Philadelphia]. PMID- 6237324 TI - A nodule of adrenocortical tissue within a human placenta: light microscopic and immunocytochemical findings. AB - A case of adrenocortical tissue within a human placenta is described, this being the second example of such a phenomenon. Immunocytochemistry showed that the adrenal tissue reacted positively for DHEA-S but negatively for 17-OH progesterone and cortisol. This suggests that the heterotopic adrenal tissue resembled metabolically the fetal zone of the adrenal cortex. PMID- 6237326 TI - [Survey of Legionella in the Parisian environment. Practical implications]. AB - A qualitative and quantitative survey of environmental Legionella in the Paris area was undertaken because of its epidemiological implications. Over a 2-year period, 322 water samples from the Paris area (unrelated to a legionnaires' disease outbreak) were examined for the presence of Legionella. No Legionella strain was isolated from the main water supplies of the municipality or from the distribution entry points of 36 buildings. Inside buildings, however, 84/190 (44.2%) tap water samples yielded one or several strains of Legionella (10(2) to 10(6) CFU/l). Contamination was significantly more frequent in hot tap water than in cold tap water. Legionella was isolated from 11 out of 14 air-conditioning systems investigated. Sixty-four of the 132 strains isolated were L. pneumophila serogroup 1. Other strains were L. pneumophila serogroups 2 to 6 (including a serogroup 4-5 variant), L. longbeachae serogroup 2 and 6 atypical Legionella. PMID- 6237327 TI - [Hypersplenism in thalassemia major. Treatment by partial dearterialization of the spleen. Preliminary results apropos of 5 cases]. AB - Partial dearterialization of the spleen is a surgical method aimed at reducing the volume of the spleen whilst preserving its defensive properties against bacterial infections. Four children with thalassaemia major and one with congenital dyserythropoiesis who developed hypersplenism in the course of their disease underwent the operation and were subsequently followed up for periods of 24 to 36 months. The effectiveness of the method was demonstrated by a smaller enlargement of the spleen, a lesser need for transfusions, a longer life of 51 Cr labelled red cells and more numerous circulating platelets. Surgery was also effective in reducing post-transfusional iron overload, as shown by the decrease and stability of serum ferritin levels in all children subjected to iron chelation. No episode of infection or changes in serum IgM occurred during the follow-up period, and radioisotopic studies of the spleen showed that macrophage function was preserved in the remaining splenic tissue. One child inexplicably developed thrombosis of the splenic vein 1 year after surgery. PMID- 6237328 TI - [Multiple sclerosis. Current etiopathogenic concepts]. AB - The pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis is still poorly understood. Clearly, exogenous factors and genetic susceptibility combine to induce the disease, but studies on twins have shown that the genetic part is of minor importance. The immunological abnormalities observed do not fit easily into a coherent system. Derepression of antibody production in the central nervous system has been postulated and ascribed to failure of suppressor T-lymphocytes, but this is an over-simplification and the possibility that immunological abnormalities merely reflect a genetic predisposition cannot be dismissed. For many years, a viral origin has been suspected, yet the measles virus, at the top of the black list, must probably be discharged. Although the auto-immune theory remains attractive, the target antigen is still unknown in spite of numerous studies, and the signs of auto-immunity found in multiple sclerosis might well result from destruction of the nervous tissue instead of being the cause of the disease. PMID- 6237329 TI - [Vulvoperineoplasty]. AB - Vulvoperineoplasty is a surgical operation consisting of: (1) wide cleavage of the posterior vaginal wall, as in posterior colpoperineorrhaphy; (2) excision of a triangular segment of perineal skin, the summit of which touches the margin of the anus; (3) full exposure of the perineal central fibrous core and reduction of its relief by radial incisions and digital dissection; (4) lowering and eversion of a posterior vaginal flap with good blood supply in order to reconstruct the fourchette of the enlarged vaginal opening. This technique is applicable not only to congenital or acquired vulvar stenosis but also to the treatment of sclerous or dystrophic lesions of the fourchette. It was used on 43 occasions between 1978 and 1983, viz. in 6 patients after surgical treatment of prolapse, in 14 patients after obstetrical injury, in 17 cases of lichen sclerosus of the vulva and in 6 cases of Bowen's disease. The results were anatomically perfect in all cases, cosmetically good in 40 cases and functionally satisfactory in 40. PMID- 6237330 TI - [Lesional pulmonary edema in meningococcal meningitis]. PMID- 6237331 TI - [Mediastinal hematopoietic pseudotumor in beta-thalassemia. Value of transcutaneous fine-needle puncture]. PMID- 6237333 TI - [Acute eczema following insertion of a copper intrauterine device]. PMID- 6237332 TI - [Shock associated with disseminated intravascular coagulation syndrome following injection of DT.TAB vaccine]. PMID- 6237334 TI - [Trial treatment of migraine attack by rebreathing of expired air]. PMID- 6237335 TI - [Association of an acute thyrotoxic crisis and the neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Efficacy of bromocriptine]. PMID- 6237336 TI - [Accompanying migraine disclosing meningioma]. PMID- 6237337 TI - [Erosive sternocostal arthritis in palmo-plantar pustulosis. Role of Corynebacterium?]. PMID- 6237339 TI - [Branhamella catarrhalis septicemia in a granulocytopenic patient]. PMID- 6237338 TI - [Provocation tests to local anesthetics]. PMID- 6237340 TI - [1 or several injections of insulin? Influence on the control of diabetes evaluated by glycosylated hemoglobin A1C]. PMID- 6237341 TI - [Asymptomatic acquired immunological deficiencies. Nosologic and therapeutic problems]. PMID- 6237342 TI - [Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and related syndromes. Critical analysis of biological tests of cell-mediated immunity]. AB - In order to assess the actual value of the in vitro tests of cellular immunity performed to provide diagnostic evidence for acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) or related syndromes, we have evaluated T-lymphocyte subsets and in vitro proliferative responses. The respective profiles of 44 symptom-free homosexual men, 30 patients with AIDS and 42 patients with lymphadenopathy were compared with each other and with profiles of blood bank volunteers, using stepwise discriminant analysis. At first investigation, control homosexuals, AIDS patients and lymphadenopathy patients displayed varying degrees of the same type of immunological abnormalities. The percentage of OKT4+ cells was the most discriminant variable between blood donors and control homosexuals, AIDS or lymphadenopathy patients. The latter differed from homosexuals by a higher percent of OKT8+ cells and from AIDS patients by a lesser reduction in T lymphocyte counts. OKT4+ cell counts differentiated AIDS patients from control homosexuals. However, none of these major discriminant variables could classify correctly more than 70% of subjects in the homosexual and in the two patient groups. Thus, a single investigation of T-lymphocyte immune parameters does not provide substantial diagnostic and prognostic evidence. PMID- 6237343 TI - [Primary surgery in the treatment of invasive cancer of the cervix uteri]. AB - The statistical data reported in this study show that the results obtained with surgery in invasive carcinoma of the cervix uteri are equivalent to those obtained with radiotherapy alone or associated with surgery. The overall proportion of operable patients in this series was 94% (stage I: 98%, stage II: 89%, stage III: 72% and stage IV: 23%). The overall survival rates at 5 years were 90.7% for stage I patients (stage I A 98.0%, stage I B 84.9%), 54.6% for stage II patients (stage II A 68.9%, stage II B proximal 67.1%, stage II B distal 25%). 20.2% for stage III patients and 7.6% for stage IV patients. The drawbacks (mortality, morbidity) of surgery and its advantages (lower psychological and financial cost) are examined. The possibility to adjust the surgical operation to the local and regional extension of the cancerous lesions and the indications for supplementary radiotherapy are discussed. PMID- 6237344 TI - [Articular inflammation of microcrystalline origin]. AB - Microcrystals of sodium urate, calcium pyrophosphate, hydroxyapatite and corticosteroids may induce acute arthritis by similar mechanisms in which neutrophils play the most important role. Interactions between neutrophils and microcrystals result in the release of several phlogogenic substances, e.g. lysosomal enzymes, chemotactic factor (CCF) or leukotrienes. Various proteins may be adsorbed to the surface of microcrystals, and this protein coating seems to be instrumental in modulating the neutrophil-microcrystal interaction. The Hageman factor and the complement system may also be activated. The mechanisms starting off and resolving articular attacks are discussed. PMID- 6237345 TI - [Stenosis of hemodialysis grafts. Treatment with a short graft]. AB - In elective or emergency operations 363 short venous or polytetrafluoroethylene grafts were inserted to correct stenosis of haemodialysis grafts. Such stenoses are located in the upper part of the graft or in the receiving vein in 80% of the cases. After 2 years, 74% of the short grafts were still permeable. This original technique has several advantages: the initial venous approach is respected, the graft can be used immediately for dialysis, and the patient's venous "capital" is spared. PMID- 6237346 TI - [Regularization and reduction of the caliber of aortocoronary venous grafts by network sheaths]. PMID- 6237347 TI - [Value of the assay of C-reactive protein in the monitoring of infections in cardiac surgery]. PMID- 6237348 TI - [Acquired immunosuppression syndrome associated with severe anguilluliasis]. PMID- 6237349 TI - [Should hot quenching subtoxic thyroid nodules be surgically treated systematically?]. PMID- 6237350 TI - [Autochthonous cutaneous leishmaniasis in the Var department]. PMID- 6237351 TI - [Mononucleosis syndrome in Rickettsia conori infection]. PMID- 6237352 TI - [Hepatitis B virus infection in hemodialysis centers in Tunisia]. PMID- 6237353 TI - [Primary hemochromatosis in Turner's syndrome]. PMID- 6237355 TI - [Limitations of electroencephalography in the etiological diagnosis of loss of consciousness]. PMID- 6237356 TI - [Antitetanus vaccination in the elderly]. PMID- 6237354 TI - [Appearance and disappearance of an antifactor VIII antibody in Horton's disease]. PMID- 6237357 TI - [Hepatic hydatidosis associated with a probable immune deficiency]. PMID- 6237358 TI - [Quantitative determination of the irritating effect on human skin of butanol, octanol, acetaldehyde and crotonaldehyde]. AB - A method was elaborated for quantitative assessment of the irritating effect of the solvents after a 24-hour contact with healthy subjects. The irritating effect of octanol is weaker, with statistical significance, than that of butanol. Croton aldehyde proved to be the strongest irritator. The threshold skin irritating concentrations are 12% octanol, 7.8% butanol, 1.2% acetaldehyde and 0.12% croton aldehyde in plant oil. The following allergic concentrations in plant oil are recommended for epicutaneous testing of subjects with occupational or every day home contact allergy versus paints, varnishes, glues, cleaning and defatting agents and anticorrosive preparations: 6% octanol, 4% butanol, 0.6% acetaldehyde and 0.06% croton aldehyde. PMID- 6237359 TI - [Role of antituberculosis institutions in the detection of patients with nonspecific bronchopulmonary diseases and ambulatory follow-up]. PMID- 6237360 TI - [Virulence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolated in the far north]. PMID- 6237361 TI - [P.G. Kornev and his school]. PMID- 6237362 TI - [Diagnosis of tuberculosis and non-tuberculous diseases of the respiratory organs among rural and urban population]. PMID- 6237363 TI - Effect of single amino acid replacements on the thermal stability of the NH2 terminal domain of phage lambda repressor. AB - The thermal stabilities of mutant phage lambda repressors that have single amino acid replacements in the NH2-terminal domain have been studied by means of circular dichroism and differential scanning calorimetry. The variations in stability determined by these physical methods correlate with the resistance to proteolysis at various temperatures and can be compared with the temperature sensitive activity of the mutants in vivo. In general, mutant proteins bearing solvent-exposed substitutions have thermal stabilities identical to wild type, whereas buried substitutions reduce stability. In one case, a single amino acid replacement increases the thermal stability of the repressor. PMID- 6237364 TI - Diacylglycerol stimulates DNA synthesis and cell division in mouse 3T3 cells: role of Ca2+-sensitive phospholipid-dependent protein kinase. AB - The synthetic diacylglycerol 1-oleoyl-2-acetylglycerol competes directly with [3H]phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate for common binding sites in monolayer cultures of Swiss 3T3 cells and rapidly stimulates the phosphorylation of a Mr 80,000 cellular protein that has recently been shown to reflect the activation of protein kinase C in intact cells. Thus, this diacylglycerol provided a useful tool to determine whether exogenously added diacylglycerols can mimic the potent tumor promoter phorbol ester in eliciting DNA synthesis and cell division in quiescent cells. We found that OAG acts synergistically with insulin and other growth factors to stimulate reinitiation of cell proliferation, and several lines of evidence indicate that OAG shares with phorbol esters a common pathway of mitogenic action via stimulation of protein kinase C activity in intact 3T3 cells. The findings support the hypothesis that diacylglycerols represent endogenous analogs of phorbol esters and raise the possibility that diacylglycerols generated in the plasma membrane could act as a mitogenic signal for quiescent cells. PMID- 6237365 TI - Long-acting delivery systems for peptides: inhibition of rat prostate tumors by controlled release of [D-Trp6]luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone from injectable microcapsules. AB - Intramuscular injection of [6-D-tryptophan]-luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone [( D-Trp6]LH-RH) in microcapsules of poly(DL-lactide-co-glycolide), designed to release a controlled dose of the peptide over a 30-day period, decreased the weights of androgen-dependent Dunning prostate tumors in rats and suppressed serum testosterone levels more effectively than daily subcutaneous administration of equivalent or double doses of unencapsulated [D-Trp6]LH-RH. The microcapsules or daily injections of [D-Trp6]LH-RH also significantly decreased tumor volumes. Microcapsules of [D-Trp6]LH-RH or related analogs that can be injected once a month should make the treatment of patients with prostate carcinoma and other neoplasms or disorders more convenient and efficacious. PMID- 6237368 TI - Strain and sex differences in the cardiopulmonary adaptation of rats to high altitude. AB - On chronic exposure to hypoxia, the commercially available Hilltop (H) strain of male Sprague-Dawley rats develops severe pulmonary hypertension, right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH), and polycythemia. These signs of chronic mountain sickness are associated with a high mortality rate. In contrast, the Madison (M) strain of Sprague-Dawley rats remains healthy with significantly less severe cardiopulmonary and hematological responses. Breeding experiments under locally controlled conditions were undertaken to determine if the differences between the two strains were genetically determined and to look for possible sex differences. Following 30 to 50 days exposure to a simulated altitude of 18,000 ft, the first generation of male H rats exhibited a higher right ventricular peak systolic pressure (RVPP), a more pronounced RVH, and a greater degree of polycythemia than the male M rats. The H rats had a mortality rate of 40% in contrast to a rate of 0% in the male M rats. The first generation of female H rats also developed a higher RVPP, a greater RVH, and more severe polycythemia than that in the female M rats. There were no differences in RVPP or RVH between the males and females of either strain. Females of both strains tolerated the hypoxic exposure with a 0% mortality rate. The data suggest that the differences between the males of H and M strains in their cardiopulmonary and hematological responses and in their susceptibilities to chronic hypoxia are genetic in nature. They further suggest that the female resistance to hypoxia is not due to milder cardiopulmonary responses. Perhaps female rats tolerate RVH better than male rats, at least of the H strain. PMID- 6237366 TI - Variants of the cell recognition site of fibronectin that retain attachment promoting activity. AB - A tetrapeptide sequence, Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser, is the minimal structure recognized by cells in the large, adhesive glycoprotein fibronectin. We now have defined the structural requirements for this cell recognition site by testing several synthetic variants of the active tetrapeptide sequence. The conservative substitutions of lysine for arginine, alanine for glycine, or glutamic acid for aspartic acid each resulted in abrogation of the cell attachment-promoting activity characteristic of the natural sequence. However, in the position of the serine residue, some alterations were compatible with activity. Assay of peptides containing the structure Arg-Gly-Asp-X (where X = another amino acid residue) showed that an Arg-Gly-Asp-Val sequence predicted to be present in some, but not all, fibronectin molecules as a result of alternative RNA splicings could potentially create a second cell attachment site in those fibronectin polypeptide chains carrying that sequence. Other proteins with potentially active Arg-Gly-Asp X sequences include several proteins that are known to interact with the cell surface. Among these are various types of collagens, thrombin, and discoidin, a slime-mold protein that may be involved in cell aggregation. The result presented here show that the arginine, glycine, and aspartic acid residues are absolutely required for the cell recognition, and that the surrounding amino acids may play a role in the expression of cell attachment activity in fibronectin and other proteins having this sequence. We suggest, based on these data, that this recognition mechanism may be common to a number of biological systems. PMID- 6237367 TI - Dynamic filtering by two-dimensional 1H NMR with application to phage lambda repressor. AB - Flexible regions of proteins play an important role in catalysis, ligand binding, and macromolecular interactions. Because of its enhanced sensitivity to motional narrowing, two-dimensional coupling constant J-correlated 1H NMR may be used to observe these regions selectively. Dynamic filtering is an intrinsic feature of this experiment because cross-peak amplitude decays rapidly as linewidths approach the coupling constant. We demonstrate here the flexibility of the NH2 terminal arm of phage lambda repressor, which is thought to wrap around the double helix in the repressor-operator complex. The assignment of arm resonances is made possible by the construction of mutant repressor genes containing successive NH2-terminal deletions. PMID- 6237370 TI - Experience with mixed leukocyte reactions in immunocompetency evaluations. PMID- 6237369 TI - Thymosin: immunomodulatory and therapeutic characteristics. PMID- 6237371 TI - [Synthetic inhibitors of serine proteinases. 31. The inhibition of trypsin, plasmin and thrombin by isomeric compounds of N alpha -arylsulfonylated omega amidinophenyl-alpha-aminoalkylcarboxylic acid amides]. AB - Isomeric compounds of N alpha-arylsulfonylated amides of omega-amidinophenyl alpha-aminoalkylcarboxylic acids--N alpha-amidinophenylsulfonylated amides or N alpha-arylsulfonylated amidino anilides of omega-phenyl-alpha aminoalkylcarboxylic acids, respectively--possess weak antithrombin activity as compared to the derivatives of the basic structure. Thus, the assumption is corroborated that specific enzyme-inhibitor interactions account for the high antithrombin activity of certain derivatives of omega-amidinophenyl-alpha aminoalkylcarboxylic acids. In contrast, amidinoanilides of N alpha-substituted omega-phenyl-alpha-aminoalkylcarboxylic acids are potent inhibitors of trypsin and plasmin, their inhibitory activity approaches that of primary amides of N alpha-substituted omega-amidinophenyl-alpha-aminoalkylcarboxylic acids. PMID- 6237372 TI - Evaluation of children with Down syndrome who participated in an early intervention program. Second follow-up study. AB - The long-term effects of an early intervention program (EIP) on the motor, cognitive, and adaptive functioning of children with Down syndrome were examined. The cognitive and adaptive functioning was compared with a group of children with Down syndrome who had not participated in an EIP. The motor functioning was compared with the normative sample used in the development of the Bruininks Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency. The children were assessed using the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale, the Vineland Social Maturity Scale, and either the Bruininks Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency or the Gesell Schedules of Motor Development. Results revealed that the children in the EIP earned significantly higher scores (p less than .0005, p less than .05) on the measures of intellectual and adaptive functioning than did the children of comparable age who did not participate in an EIP. The children in the EIP did not show the decline typically seen with age in intellectual and adaptive functioning in children with Down syndrome. The children in the EIP were below expected age levels in gross (77.7%) and fine motor skills (58.3%) but had mean fine motor skill levels that exceeded their mean gross motor skill levels (50%). Based on the results, EIPs for children with Down syndrome appear to provide a foundation for subsequent learning and development. PMID- 6237373 TI - Quantitative description of two sitting postures. With and without a lumbar support pillow. AB - This study investigated changes in angular position of the forearm, upper arm, pelvis, trunk, neck, and head during relaxed sitting with and without a lumbar support pillow. Data markers were placed on specified anatomical sites of 19 healthy adults (10 women and 9 men) who then had sagittal plane photographs taken in the two different sitting postures. Using a protractor, we measured segment angles with respect to the horizontal on all photographs. Use of the lumbar support pillow during relaxed sitting showed a significant difference (p less than or equal to .05) in the segment angles of forearm, upper arm, pelvis, and trunk. The use of a lumbar support pillow to change sitting posture is supported. PMID- 6237374 TI - Binding of hematoporphyrin derivative to human serum albumin. PMID- 6237375 TI - Anoxic photodamage in the presence of porphyrins: evidence for the lack of effects on mitochondrial membranes. PMID- 6237376 TI - Alkaline elution studies of hematoporphyrin-derivative photosensitized DNA damage and repair in Chinese hamster ovary cells. PMID- 6237377 TI - The isolation and some properties of dairy cow liver mitochondria. AB - The problem of the isolation of intact mitochondria from dairy cow liver, which arises from the relative rigidity of this tissue for homogenization, was overcome by prehomogenizing the tissue in an Ultra-Turrax TP 18-10 apparatus, followed by homogenization in a Potter-Elvehjem homogenizer. The mitochondria isolated from such a homogenate displayed, on various substrates, ADP/O ratio and a respiratory control ratio (RCR) comparable with those of rat liver mitochondria. The specific activity of DNP-stimulated ATP-ase of mitochondria isolated from dairy cow liver exhibited about 60% of the activity of mitochondria isolated from rat liver; oligomycin inhibition in the two cases was the same. The transport properties of the inner mitochondrial membrane for phosphate, acetoacetate, D,L-3 hydroxybutyrate, malate, fumarate, succinate and citrate were comparable with those of rat liver mitochondria. PMID- 6237378 TI - Effects of temperature on rat and mouse cardiac myosin ATPase activity during development. AB - Myosin was isolated from rat and mouse ventricular myocardium and examined during development at stages with known composition of myosin isoenzymes. The ATPase activity and its temperature dependence is the same in one-week-old and adult mouse ventricles. In rat heart myosin, the ATPase activity is low 18 days prenatally, high in 3-week-old animals and declines towards adulthood. ATPase activity of heart myosin from rat foetuses is more temperature dependent than that of three-week-old animals. These results strongly suggest that adaptation of the heart to development differs in the mouse and the rat and that the properties of mouse V1 isoenzyme do not change at the studied periods. PMID- 6237379 TI - Mandibular reconstruction using silicone: fifteen-year follow-up. AB - A patient is presented in whom a carved Dacron felt-covered silicone prosthesis was used to replace the mandible. Although not recommended as the procedure of choice for mandibular reconstruction, the prosthesis remains in place 15 years following implantation, the jaw appears and moves satisfactorily, and speech is within normal limits. PMID- 6237381 TI - Predicting change in life satisfaction as a function of group counseling. PMID- 6237380 TI - Common childhood rashes. A problem-oriented approach. AB - A problem-oriented algorithm is used to categorize skin eruptions in children into 10 morphologic groups, eliminating much of the difficulty and confusion of antiquated terms. This approach results in rapid differential diagnosis of common skin rashes in children. PMID- 6237383 TI - The physically disabled--an international audit of housing policies. PMID- 6237382 TI - Casual blood pressure: its relationship to several cardiovascular risk factors in middle-aged men. PMID- 6237384 TI - [Lumbosacral functional myelography including the dorsolumbar transitional region (medullary cone). Clinical comparative studies--2000 myelographies with metrizamide]. AB - The functional lumbosacral myelography including the dorsolumbar region was performed on 2,000 cases which are described. The side effects are shown. Three principal groups are discussed: (1) myelographies with 10 ml Metrizamide, (2) myelographies with 15 ml metrizamide (3) remyelographies with metrizamide. PMID- 6237385 TI - Transluminal angioplasty evaluated by electron microscopy. AB - To gain more understanding about the changes that follow balloon angioplasty, an electron and light microscopic study was carried out in normal canine arteries. Thirty-five arterial segments were dilated with balloon catheters. Early changes consisted of denudation of the intima with widespread necrosis of myocytes and dehiscence of collagen fibers. After three days, myocytes had disappeared leaving empty spaces and edematous ground substance. After two weeks, reendothelization occurred and there was evidence of intimal hyperplasia persisting up to two months. Repair of the dilated arterial segments occurred by proliferation of myocytes, formation of intima, and proliferation of collagen. In two to three months, repair of the intima and media was completed. After six months, dilated segments were characterized by persistent intimal hyperplasia and increased collagen content in the media. PMID- 6237387 TI - [Circulating immune complexes in dermatitis herpetiformis]. PMID- 6237386 TI - Iliac artery occlusion: management with intrathrombus streptokinase infusion and angioplasty. AB - Chronic and acute unilateral iliac artery occlusions were successfully treated in 7 of 8 patients using low-dose intrathrombus streptokinase infusions ranging from 6 to 43 hours in combination with percutaneous transluminal angioplasty. Angioplasty of an underlying stenosis was performed as soon as clot lysis was maximal and an underlying stenosis was demonstrated. Long-term follow-up to date has been excellent. This approach to unilateral iliac occlusion appears to be safer than previously reported angioplasty of iliac artery occlusion. PMID- 6237388 TI - [Phagocytic and bactericidal activities of neutrophils in severe seborrheic dermatoses]. PMID- 6237389 TI - [Drug-induced papulo-macular rash]. PMID- 6237390 TI - [Contact dermatitis associated with bronchial hyperreactivity in workers chronically exposed to detergents]. PMID- 6237391 TI - [Hypersensitivity to acrylates]. PMID- 6237392 TI - [Fasciola hepatica. Review and current status of the disease]. PMID- 6237393 TI - [Transluminal angioplasty in chronic occlusion of the spinal arteries]. PMID- 6237394 TI - [Economic analysis of the dissemination of a medical innovation: prenatal diagnosis by early amniocentesis as an example. Part 2. Facilitating decision making in public health for optimal dissemination of an innovation]. AB - Only a specific public health policy can resolve the technical, ethical, and financial problems posed by the diffusion of prenatal diagnosis by amniocentesis for the prevention of Down's syndrome. The purpose of this article is to facilitate decision making in this field by evaluating the costs and benefits associated with the different prevention strategies. Beginning with projections of the number of Down's syndrome births to be expected among women of 35 and older to the year 2000 (assuming that no prenatal diagnosis are made), various objectives combining the age of the target population and usage rates are presented and discussed. An evaluation of the overall costs of prenatal diagnosis and caring for Down's syndrome patients shows that a policy reaching a 50% usage rate for women 38 and older would save up to 66 millions French francs (using the 1981 franc value). On the other hand, it is shown that lowering the incidence of Down's syndrome in a target population of women over 35 to the level of the younger population would imply a usage rate of at least 80%. This goal is unrealistic unless amniocentesis were to become a compulsory examination. In such case, women would be deprived of an essential freedom, in view of the related ethical issues. The authors lastly discuss the different means of increasing usage rates without inhibiting women's freedom of choice. PMID- 6237395 TI - [Different behavior of the rat vas deferens of castrated animals and those treated with cyproterone acetate]. AB - The effects of castration and treatment with the antiandrogen cyproterone acetate (CPA) on the responses of the vas deferens of the rat induced by phenylephrine, KCl and BaCl2 has been studied. Both castration and CPA induced a spontaneous motility in the rat vas deferens. Castration produces a decrease of the response amplitude induced by phenylephrine and KCl and an increase of those induced by BaCl2 in animals killed 30 days after castration. CPA increases the response amplitude induced by phenylephrine and KCl without modifying those induced by BaCl2. These results suggest that the antiandrogen CPA produces modifications qualitatively different from castration. PMID- 6237397 TI - Toxicity of an algal mucopolysaccharide for Escherichia coli and Neisseria meningitidis strains. AB - Several bacterial strains of clinical significance have been tested to assess the toxic effect of a lectin-like algal mucopolysaccharide from Fucus vesiculosus on their growth. The toxic effect of the mucopolysaccharide has been found to be exerted only on Escherichia coli and Neisseria meningitidis strains. The degree of toxicity, measured by the effect on the growth of the bacteria, is variable depending on the strains of E. coli tested, whereas with N. meningitidis the results obtained indicate homogeneity between the strains, without significative variations among different serotypes even in the same serogroup. PMID- 6237396 TI - [Antilipolytic activity in vitro of various analogs of nicotinic acid. Structure activity relationship]. AB - The antilipolytic activity of a series of N aryl-nicotinamides and of alpha picolinic acid, has been tested in vitro. Lipolysis was stimulated by epinephrine (20 micrograms/ml of incubation medium) using rat's epididymal adipose tissue slices. Only N(2-carboxy methyl phenyl) nicotinamide showed antilipolytic effect comparable to that of nicotinic acid at similar concentrations (2 X 10(-5) M). Picolinic acid (10(-4) M) showed no antilipolytic effect. These results, together with those of the literature, are discussed in regard to the relations between structure and antilipolytic activity. PMID- 6237399 TI - Emotional adaptation to disability. PMID- 6237400 TI - [Work incapacity within the scope of rehabilitation]. AB - The concept of incapacity for work has been defined by a number of court decision. These have, also, considerably widened the originally narrow concept of disease as the cause of incapacity for work, to cover for example hospital diagnostic procedures, elimination of a congenital defect in view of health improvement or prevention of adverse psychic sequelae, addiction, mental disorders, and so on. In cases of step-wise return to working, the incapable-to work status continues to apply, as in the event of an unsuccessful trial to resume working. When an illness occurs during participation in a retraining programme, incapacity for work is not determined in terms of the former occupation but in the context of the demands posed by the vocational retraining being attended. PMID- 6237398 TI - [Pathogenesis of atopic diseases]. PMID- 6237401 TI - [The computer work place for severely visually handicapped and blind patients]. AB - Access to the world of computers, which today are penetrating all areas of life, is to a far-reaching extent impossible for blind or visually impaired persons, on account of the usually visual information output of the systems. Developed at the Electromechanical Design Department of Duisburg University, the computerized workplace described features spoken output of everything that normally would appear on the display screen, i.e. the visual mode has been replaced fully by spoken communication. Using this learning and teaching aid in schools, vocational training facilities, at the workplace, or at home, the blind person is enabled to learn how to programme, to develop programmes, or to work with off-the-shelf software. PMID- 6237402 TI - [Aid for physically handicapped children: 5-year experience with a collection facility]. AB - The experience made over five years of operating a collection scheme for second hand technical aids are described. Affiliation with a pediatric centre has provided opportunity for the child trying out the aid envisaged, and for evaluation by doctor and therapist prior to aid re-prescription. The main principles to be observed in aid provision are stated. Present organizational and financial problems are described, which, however, are considered secondary to the scheme's usefulness, not least in view of cost savings. PMID- 6237404 TI - [The handicapped and non-handicapped in a leisure time group]. AB - The "Moegeldorfer Group", an initiative group integrating disabled and non disabled persons, had been studied using qualitative interviewing techniques. The following motives and effects of group involvement have been found: Predominant among the disabled members had been the recreational opportunities offered by the group, along with the possibility of coming to know people who could help them outside group activities as well. Getting acquainted with disabled persons had been in the foreground among the non-disabled members. Their major problem, apart from rendering assistance, had been to become aware of, and learn to cope with, disability-related communication barriers. The voluntary encounter of disabled and non-disabled people is considered a positive first step towards changing the relationship between disabled and non-disabled persons as it exists in our society. PMID- 6237403 TI - [What has become of them? The careers of the physically handicapped--a model study]. AB - The study deals with the vocational careers of 102 cerebral palsied young people who had ceased to attend the educational and therapeutic programmes provided by the Nuremberg "Day Centre for Physically Disabled Children", following varying periods of service utilization between 1973 and 1978. Of the study group total, 19 are mildly disabled, 40 moderately, and 43 severely disabled. Of 23 persons who were fully integrated vocationally at the time of study, 19 (i.e. 84 percent) are moderately to severely disabled. Tabular information included shows that achievement of full occupational integration is determined less by disability severity than by intellectual potential. It also becomes clear that earliest possible transition from special schooling to mainstream education will be of advantage to the vocational opportunities available to the individual. PMID- 6237405 TI - Duodenal penetration by a dacron graft after iliac-portal A/V shunt in a porta caval shunt with hepatic arterialization. PMID- 6237406 TI - Ureteral prostheses. PMID- 6237408 TI - Testicular prostheses. PMID- 6237407 TI - Prosthetic bladder augmentation and replacement. PMID- 6237409 TI - Stomata in the genitourinary tract. PMID- 6237410 TI - The physiology of wound healing. PMID- 6237411 TI - [Local anesthesia in patients with hemophilia]. PMID- 6237412 TI - The diagnosis of peritonitis. PMID- 6237413 TI - Inhibition of immune precipitation in rheumatic disease. A clinical and laboratory study. AB - Antigen-antibody complexes formed in the presence of serum do not precipitate. This complement-dependent function is impaired in approximately half of all patients with seropositive rheumatoid arthritis (RA) but not in patients with other chronic inflammatory arthropathies. As patients with seropositive RA have normal or elevated serum complement levels, this findings suggests that an inhibitor is present in the serum of these patients. Although degree of impairment of solubilization is correlated with rheumatoid factor (RF) titre, decreases in RF titre in patients receiving gold therapy were not always accompanied by improvement of the solubilization process. Thus we can conclude that impaired solubilization is related to, but may be distinct form, RF. Impaired solubilization was associated with the presence of subcutaneous nodules, but not with other systemic features of RA. Thus this phenomenon may be of pathogenetic importance. PMID- 6237414 TI - Who should determine disability? PMID- 6237415 TI - Opportunities for health promotion: including the chronically ill and disabled. AB - One of the aims of health promotion and illness prevention is to reduce the prevalence of chronic disease that is so apparent in the developed countries, yet the very individuals who already have chronic diseases and disabling conditions constitute a sizeable population which could contribute to health promotion programs. There are two chief elements which argue for an extension of health promotion toward the chronically ill and disabled: (1) the lifestyle management which is characteristic of health promotion is similar in many respects to the comprehensive self-care regimens followed by chronically ill persons, and (2) the philosophy of independent living for disabled persons shares social foundations with the concept of health promotion and could add the strength of social advocacy to health promotion. This paper examines social and medical variables linking the two health trends of health promotion and independent living for disabled persons. Observations of a U.S. independent living program, The Timbers, are reported to illustrate an active combination of the two philosophies. Finally, sociological implications are presented, with a focus on the potential of health promotion programs. PMID- 6237416 TI - Population mobility, urban development and dracunculiasis in Kwara State, Nigeria. PMID- 6237417 TI - Social networks and psychosocial support among disabled people. AB - Analysis of the network characteristics and nature of social ties among physically disabled people living in an inner London borough showed network size rather than network type was related to the availability of psychosocial support, reflecting the important role of both related and non-related people in the provision of this form of support. The study also questioned three commonly held assumptions. Firstly, in contrast to the image of physically disabled people as lacking social ties, those with a high level of disability, although having a lower level of social contact outside the household than other groups, did not differ significantly in other aspects of their network structures and support. Secondly, in contrast to the characterisation of inner city areas as relatively homogeneous and as lacking locally based ties, the inner London area studied comprised a variety of network types with a large proportion of respondents deriving support from people living in close proximity. Thirdly, whereas the presence of household members, and especially a spouse, tend to be equated with the availability of strong emotional support, considerable numbers of married people lacked such support. This suggests measures to promote psychosocial support need to be fairly broadly based and cautions against using marital status as a proxy measure of support. PMID- 6237419 TI - [Organization of out-patient rehabilitation treatment in a large city]. PMID- 6237418 TI - [Doppler velocimetry]. PMID- 6237420 TI - [Organization of mass screening of the whole population (based on the data of experimental study)]. PMID- 6237421 TI - [Activities of the Council of Secretaries of the primary party organizations in district medical institutions]. PMID- 6237422 TI - [Orthopedic services needs]. PMID- 6237423 TI - [Experimental model of a rural medical district]. PMID- 6237424 TI - [Organization of medical services for a rural population with nonspecific lung diseases]. PMID- 6237425 TI - [Activities of the naval medical posts of the Central Hospital of the Upper Volga Basin]. PMID- 6237426 TI - [International relations of the National Health Committee of the RSFSR during the first few years of Soviet rule]. PMID- 6237427 TI - [Samara Bolsheviks' struggle for workers' health protection 1921-1922]. PMID- 6237428 TI - [Role of the National Health Committee of the Azerbaijan S.S.R. in the development of Soviet public health in the republic]. PMID- 6237429 TI - [Methods of calculating the cost of ambulance service]. PMID- 6237430 TI - [Activities of a district hospital with regard to improving health services to the population]. PMID- 6237431 TI - [Scientific organization of work in hospital activities]. PMID- 6237433 TI - [Contribution of Moldavian scientific medical societies to the development of public health]. PMID- 6237432 TI - [Results of socialist competition in a unified multi-profile hospital]. PMID- 6237435 TI - [Ivan Gur'evich Rufanov (on the centenary of his birth)]. PMID- 6237434 TI - [The Pribylevs - revolutionaries and physicians]. PMID- 6237436 TI - [Organization of specialized medical services for patients with gastrointestinal hemorrhage]. PMID- 6237438 TI - [Effectiveness of psychiatric services]. PMID- 6237437 TI - [Current occupational pathology in medical personnel]. PMID- 6237439 TI - [Improving medical rehabilitation services in a large city]. PMID- 6237440 TI - [Laparoscopic diagnosis of early complications of abdominal surgery]. PMID- 6237441 TI - [Acute lymphoblastic leukemia with an abnormal T8 phenotype]. PMID- 6237442 TI - Social work with victims of Huntington's disease. AB - Huntington's Disease (HD) is a progressive, hereditary neurological disease that affects cognitive, behavioral, and physical functioning. It has a severe impact on the family, the members of which are affected by the patient as well as the vulnerability of children at risk. Social workers can provide support and anticipatory guidance to patients and their families. Adult children can benefit from genetic counseling regarding their own at risk status. Community involvement in voluntary organizations is also beneficial. PMID- 6237444 TI - The impact of kyphoscoliosis on dental rehabilitation. PMID- 6237443 TI - Attitudes toward marriage and childbearing of individuals at risk for Huntington's disease. AB - Huntington's Disease (HD), a mid-life onset inherited neurological disorder, can have a profound social and psychological impact on affected individuals and relatives. This paper discusses the attitudes of 45 individuals at risk for inheriting HD toward marriage and childbearing. Social and demographic variables influencing these attitudes were also examined. Subjects who had graduated from college were found to be more likely to be deterred from having children than those with less education. Current childbearing status was also found to influence attitudes toward hypothetical situations dealing with having children. Knowledge of the factors influencing attitudes in these areas can aid health professionals involved in genetic counseling for Huntington's Disease and other inherited mid-life onset disorders. PMID- 6237445 TI - Design characteristics of floss-holding devices for persons with upper extremity disabilities. PMID- 6237446 TI - Periodontal treatment needs and oral hygiene for institutionalized individuals with handicapping conditions. PMID- 6237447 TI - The incidence and prognosis of body wall ecchymosis in acute pancreatitis. AB - The incidence and significance of ecchymosis in 770 patients with acute pancreatitis is reported. The over-all incidence of 3 per cent is greater than generally appreciated. The development of this sign predicts the development of severe complications during the course of the disease and, in particular, there is an association with pseudocyst formation. However, the mortality of this group of patients is only 37 per cent which is in contrast to the views of many who believe that the development of Grey-Turner's sign or Cullen's sign, or both, predicts impending death. PMID- 6237448 TI - Endothelial seeding of Dacron and polytetrafluoroethylene grafts: the cellular events of healing. AB - To detect cellular differences in the healing of polytetrafluoroethylene (e-PTFE) and Dacron grafts up to 7 months after implantation, we studied 108 aortic graft interpositions in dogs. Each prosthesis was alternately prepared by endothelial seeding or by an unseeded control method. The grafts were perfusion fixed and studied with light, scanning, and transmission electron microscopy at intervals from before to 221 days after implantation. Seeding resulted in the development of an extensive endothelial flow surface in two out of three of the e-PTFE and none out of four of the Dacron grafts by 10 days after implantation (p = 0.053). After 30 days a microfibrillar subendothelial matrix ranging from 5 to 11 mu formed in all but three grafts with endothelial coverage. The inner capsule of mature Dacron grafts was significantly thicker (169 +/- 143 mu) than in e-PTFE grafts (22 +/- 32 mu; p = 0.002). Seeded and unseeded Dacron grafts had predominantly fibroblasts in the outer capsule of the graft by 10 days. Surface endothelium, vasa vasorum, fibroblasts, and myointimal cells appeared in the inner capsule between 10 and 30 days after implantation. In Dacron grafts, fibroblasts and myointimal cells predominated in the inner capsule at 30 days, with smooth muscle cells not being definitely identifiable until after 150 days. Neither fibroblasts nor myointimal cells were common (present but sparse in one of four e-PTFE grafts) at 30 days, and transmural vasa vasorum were never seen. The seeded endothelial cells migrated rapidly from the sites of initial adhesion near the e-PTFE onto the flow surface. Only one of four of the unseeded e-PTFE grafts had surface endothelium after 30 days, and only moderate coverage developed during 180 days. We conclude that endothelial healing is more rapid in seeded e-PTFE grafts than in seeded Dacron grafts and occurs by a different mechanism. PMID- 6237449 TI - [Stimulation group for mentally handicapped children]. PMID- 6237450 TI - [Handicap. Provisions should be better for families with handicapped children]. PMID- 6237451 TI - [Handicap. Families should not find themselves in a vacuum without guidance]. PMID- 6237452 TI - [Handicap. Parents should have precise and honest information on child's handicap]. PMID- 6237453 TI - [The immune system and nephropathies]. PMID- 6237454 TI - [Prof. A.M. Damir (on his 90th birthday)]. PMID- 6237455 TI - [Mikhail Vasil'evich Chernorutskii (on the centenary of his birth)]. PMID- 6237456 TI - [Association of glomerulonephritis in essential mixed cryoglobulinemia with IgA nephropathy. Effect of treatment with plasmapheresis and chlorbutin]. PMID- 6237457 TI - [Symptoms of acute adnexitis]. PMID- 6237459 TI - [Acute adnexitis]. PMID- 6237458 TI - [Status of laparoscopy in the diagnosis of adnexitis]. PMID- 6237460 TI - Effects of BM 13.177, a new antiplatelet drug in patients with atherosclerotic disease. AB - Seven males with atherosclerotic disease received daily 1.6 g of the thromboxane antagonist BM 13.177 in two separate oral dosages over a period of four days. The drug significantly reduced elevated plasma levels of thromboxane B2, beta thromboglobulin and platelet factor 4, whereas thromboxane B2 generation was only slightly depressed. BM 13.177 inhibited platelet aggregation by collagen, and to a minor degree the second wave of ADP induced aggregation. Platelet sensitivity to prostacyclin and aggregation by ristocetin were not altered. Bleeding time was prolonged. All effects disappeared within 24 hours after the last application of the drug. No side effects were noted. Thus BM 13.177 appears to be a safe and effective new antiplatelet drug. PMID- 6237461 TI - Anticoagulant properties in vitro of heparan sulphates. AB - The anticoagulant properties in vitro of eight heparan sulphate preparations were studied using clotting (APTT, anti-Xa) and amidolytic (anti-Xa, anti-thrombin) assays. Activities ranged from very low levels (less than 5 iu/mg) up to values similar to those of heparin. Activities measured by APTT assay showed the best correlation with the sulphate to carboxylate ratio of the heparan sulphates. Highest activities were obtained in the anti-Xa clotting assay, these being approximately two-fold greater than activities in the anti-Xa amidolytic assay. Five of the heparan sulphate preparations were readily neutralised by protamine sulphate, whereas the three heparans with the lowest sulphate to carboxylate ratio were much more resistant to neutralisation. After fractionating each heparan sulphate into At III-binding and non-binding material, it was found that the anti-coagulant properties were associated only with the former. It is concluded that these properties are dependent on the activation of At III. PMID- 6237463 TI - Ninth International Histocompatibility pre-workshop testing of Dw6 HTCs. Two subtypes of Dw6. AB - In the scope of the cellular part of the 9th International Histocompatibility Workshop, the offered homozygous typing cells (HTCs) of several specificities have been screened in a pre-Workshop. In Leiden and Seattle all HTCs typing for "HLA-Dw6" have been tested. This implied that in both laboratories mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC) matrices were performed between the Dw6 HTCs and that all HTCs were tested as stimulator cells against a panel of heterozygous responder cells. The results clearly demonstrated that "HLA-Dw6" as defined by the different participating laboratories can be split into two major groups, Dw6.a and Dw6.b. This observation confirms and extends previous reports. None of the 9th Workshop B-cell sera could discriminate between the two presently described subgroups of HLA-Dw6. PMID- 6237462 TI - Heparan sulphates from porcine intestinal mucosa. Preparation and physicochemical properties. AB - A series of fractions of heparan sulphate has been prepared from the glycosaminoglycuronans of porcine intestinal mucosa, in order to relate their physicochemical properties with their biochemical and biological activities. They fall into three classes which may be distinguished by differences in molecular weight distribution and in extent of sulphation. For heterogeneous polymers such as heparan sulphates purification and fractionation must be regarded as interchangeable terms, and some preparative procedures appear to have rather specific effects on the properties of samples isolated by their use. Such considerations apply particularly in the undemarcated boundary region between heparan sulphates and heparin, a region which includes certain 'high activity' heparin fractions of current biological and clinical interest. PMID- 6237464 TI - [Mentally handicapped in a foster family--an alternative?]. PMID- 6237465 TI - [Skin necrosis in a horse as a consequence of a disinfection accident]. PMID- 6237466 TI - [Acromegaly in the female dog. Pathogenesis and clinical aspects]. PMID- 6237467 TI - Comparative studies on tumor and adjuvant (BCGcw)-induced nonspecific suppressor cells in rats. AB - Comparative studies on tumor and adjuvant-induced depression of in vitro mitogen responses were carried out using spleen cells obtained from syngeneic tumor bearing (TB) ACI rats or from rats which had been immunized with BCG cell walls attached to oil droplets (BCGcw). These in vitro studies demonstrated that: 1) the spleen cells from TB rats (TB-spleen cells) showed strongly depressed mitogen responses to concanavalin-A (Con-A), phytohemagglutinin-P (PHA-P) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS), 2) the mitogen response of lymph node cells from TB rats was slightly depressed, 3) the removal of plastic or nylon-wool adherent cells or phagocytic cells from TB-spleen cells resulted in a restoration of the mitogen response, 4) the Con-A response of normal spleen cells could be suppressed by the addition of TB-whole spleen cells, 5) the suppressor cell activity was not abrogated by the in vitro treatment with x-irradiation (2000 rads), 6) carbonyl-iron treated TB-spleen cells showed a normal level of mitogen response, and on addback to normal spleen cells no suppressive activity was detected in them. Similar results were observed when spleen cells were obtained from BCGcw immunized rats. These results suggest that in ACI rats tumor-induced nonspecific suppressor cells detected by in vitro assay are the same cell populations as BCGcw-induced nonspecific suppressor cells. PMID- 6237469 TI - [Recommendations for primary dental prevention in handicapped children and adolescent]. PMID- 6237468 TI - In vivo effect of nitrogen dioxide on the activities of glycolytic enzymes in red blood cells of rats. AB - The effects of short-term exposure to NO2 on the glycolytic enzymes of rat red cells were examined. Exposure to 10 ppm NO2 resulted in decrease in activities of pyruvate kinase (PK) and phosphofructokinase (PFK) at day 1 and then increased progressively. Exposure to 4 ppm NO2 caused progressive increases in these enzyme activities from the first day. At day 5, the PK and PFK activities of exposed animals became higher than those of controls followed by decreasing to the control level at day 10. Red blood cells were fractionated according to their ages. The specific activities of PK and PFK decreased as red cells became older. 7-day exposure to 4 ppm NO2 resulted in elevation of PK and PFK activities in all red cell subfractions. In addition, the amount of youngest cells decreased concomitant with increases in those of older cells. These findings suggest that NO2 inhalation enhances red cell turnover. PMID- 6237470 TI - [Teaching forensic medicine at the S.M. Kirov Military Medical Academy (organization of the educational base)]. PMID- 6237471 TI - [Improving the qualifications of forensic-medicine experts]. PMID- 6237472 TI - The physically disabled parent: assessment and intervention. PMID- 6237473 TI - Epidemiology and transmission dynamics of Ascaris lumbricoides in Okpo village, rural Burma. AB - A horizontal study of the prevalence of Ascaris infection was carried out on the total population of Okpo village near Rangoon, Burma, where a similar study had been conducted 13 years earlier. Ascaris eggs in faeces were counted after treatment with levamisole on a random sample of 50% of the infected population to give information to the numbers of epg of stool, the mean worm burden per host and the distribution of worms in the community. The information on prevalence is compared with that of the previous survey. Various population parameters of Ascaris were calculated to estimate the transmission dynamics of A. lumbricoides. In addition, chemotherapeutic regimes, assessed on the proportion of the human population to be treated and the time interval between treatments, are proposed to reduce transmission below a critical threshold. The findings are compared with those of other studies and the probable mode of occurrence and maintenance of Ascaris infection in Okpo village are discussed. PMID- 6237474 TI - The microdistribution of isoenzymic strains of Trypanosoma cruzi in southern Bolivia; new isoenzyme profiles and further arguments against Mendelian sexuality. AB - 132 Trypanosoma cruzi stocks were collected in southern Bolivia (99 stocks in Tupiza, 33 in Tarija), and were characterized using five enzymes (six loci). From these 132 stocks, a sample of 21 was studied using 10 enzymes (12 loci) to establish the genetic distances between them. Only five different isoenzymic strains were registered among the 132 stocks: the taxonomic status of these strains is discussed. The distribution of the strains indicated that a Founder effect was not a constant fact at the level of the house and of the suburb, but that a Founder effect was more apparent for greater geographical distances. All strains were transmitted sympatrically by the same vector Triatoma infestans. Genotype frequencies demonstrated the lack of Mendelian sexuality among stocks of T. cruzi from southern Bolivia, confirming our previous results. PMID- 6237475 TI - Isozyme heterogeneity and numerical taxonomy of Trypanosoma cruzi stocks from Chile. AB - Fifty-three stocks of Trypanosoma cruzi were isolated in Chile, 13 from patients, 32 from the domestic triatomine vector Triatoma infestans, and 8 from the silvatic and peridomestic vector T. spinolai. The majority of isolates from triatomine bugs were made by the direct culture of infected faeces. The 53 stocks and a single clone were characterized by a combination of starch-gel and cellulose acetate enzyme electrophoresis. Three groups of T. cruzi stocks were apparent from either simple visual comparisons of isozyme profiles or numerical taxonomy. The groups were designated Chilean zymodeme (Z) 1, which was similar to Brazilian Z1, Chilean Z2a, similar to Brazilian Z2 and Chilean Z2b, similar to Bolivian Z2 and with prominent heterozygous isozyme profiles. Chilean Z1 was isolated only from T. spinolai colonizing farm walls inhabited by the rodent Octodon degus. Chilean Z2a and Z2b were both isolated from domestic T. infestans T. infestans and man, in some cases within the same household. Hardy-Weinberg equilibria were not found amongst a group of 22 stocks from a single locality and deviations from theoretical Hardy-Weinberg distributions were compatible with the absence of genetic exchange in the sampled population of T. cruzi. PMID- 6237476 TI - The role of antigen-presenting cells in regulating the immune response to tumor antigens. PMID- 6237480 TI - Acromegaly in the dog. AB - The main characteristic findings in canine acromegaly are a visible increase in soft tissue mass, prominent skin folds, abdominal enlargement, and/or radiographic evidence of an increase in soft tissue mass in the orolingual, oropharyngeal, and orolaryngeal region. Acromegalic dogs almost invariably show some degree of respiratory stridor. Enlargement of the interdental spaces can be seen, but it is felt that these changes are less specific for the disease. Other possible findings include hyperglycemia, PU/PD, elevated SAP levels, and lowered PCV. For a conclusive diagnosis, the demonstration of elevated GH levels and, preferably, the demonstration of nonsuppressibility of these high GH levels is required. Basal plasma GH levels in acromegalic dogs varies considerably (for example, from 10 ng per ml to approximately 1500 ng per ml). GH-dependent circulating growth factor (that is, insulin-like growth factor I) is drastically elevated. Acromegaly is encountered in intact female dogs that were treated with progestagens to prevent estrus and in dogs during diestrus (progesterone phase). Progestagen withdrawal and/or ovariohysterectomy will result in a reduction of plasma GH and GH-dependent insulin-like growth factor concentrations and appreciable clinical improvement. PMID- 6237479 TI - Hydronephrosis caused by cystocele. Treatment by colpopexy to sacral promontory. AB - A case of marked bilateral hydroureteronephrosis due to extreme prolapse of the bladder is reported. This latter condition led also to obstructive urinary tract symptoms and residual urine. After repair of the cystocele in an unusual way by fixation of the vaginal vault to the sacral promontory, the caliber of the upper urinary tracts became almost normal and postvoiding residual urine disappeared. PMID- 6237478 TI - Unresponsiveness of the reproductive organs of the male mouse to treatment with a potent luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonist (ICI-118,630). AB - The effects of administration of a luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) analogue (ICI-118,630) on plasma concentrations of hormones and weights of reproductive organs were studied in male mice. A single injection of the analogue (54 micrograms/kg body weight) caused a transient elevation of the concentration of LH in the plasma, up to 7 times the level in control mice. Daily administration of the analogue for a period of 3 weeks caused a small but significant decrease of the weight of the ventral prostate. The weight of the seminal vesicles in mice treated with the analogue, however, did not differ from that in control animals. The concentration of testosterone and LH in the plasma of these mice was not significantly different from those in control mice. It is demonstrated that the LHRH-analogue has no "castration-like" effect on the accessory sex organs of the male mouse, which is therefore not a suitable model in the study of these compounds. PMID- 6237481 TI - Collection of embryos from ewes by laparoscopy. PMID- 6237482 TI - Normal lambs born following transfer of embryos by laparoscopy. PMID- 6237483 TI - The prevalence and intensity of internal parasites of horses in the U.S.A. AB - Fifty-five adult horses were necropsied over a 15-month period, and their worm burdens counted and speciated. Twenty-one species of Cyathostominae were recovered. Ten species: Cyathostomum catinatum, Cylicocyclus nassatus, Cylicostephanus longibursatus, Cyathostomum coronatum, Cylicostephanus goldi, C. calicatus, C. minutus, Cylicocyclus leptostomus, C. insigne and Cyathostomum pateratum, comprised 98.9% of the total cyathostome burdens. These same 10 species also demonstrated high prevalences in 4 previous surveys. Eight of these 10 species have been shown to be resistant to benzimidazole anthelmintics. Anthelmintic resistance apparently had little effect on the prevalence of a species, but appeared to increase its relative abundance within a mixed population. The prevalence of other internal parasites was similar to previous reports, but Strongylus vulgaris adults and arterial lesions were less common. PMID- 6237477 TI - [Treatment of severe acne with isotretinoin]. PMID- 6237484 TI - Cellular interactions in the generation of bovine Con A-suppressor cells and in the mitogenic proliferative response. AB - Previously we have shown that macrophages acted as accessory cells for the induction of bovine suppressor cells with concanavalin A (Con A) and in mitogen induced lymphocyte proliferation. In exploration of possible mechanisms for the lymphocyte-macrophage interaction, it was found that the requirement for macrophages could not be substituted for with 2-mercaptoethanol. Furthermore, direct contact between lymphocytes and macrophages was necessary for optimal generation of suppressor cells. However, de novo protein synthesis by macrophages or lymphocytes apparently was not essential for the induction of Con A suppressor cells. For generation of suppressor cells, Con A had to be present in a soluble form during the entire induction period, as mitogen "pulsing" of either lymphocytes or macrophages prior to cocultivation did not lead to generation of suppressor activity. PMID- 6237485 TI - Comparison of bovine IgG1, IgG2 and IgM for ability to promote killing of Mycoplasma bovis by bovine alveolar macrophages and neutrophils. AB - The IgG1, IgG2 and IgM fractions were purified by chromatography from bovine antisera to Mycoplasma bovis. They were assayed for specific antibody and compared for ability to promote killing of M. bovis by bovine peripheral-blood neutrophils and alveolar macrophages. None of the Ig preparations killed the mycoplasma in the absence of the cells. The IgG1 and IgG2 preparations both promoted mycoplasma killing by the macrophages; IgM appeared to have no effect. The IgG2 preparation promoted killing by the neutrophils but neither the IgG1 or IgM fraction appeared effective. PMID- 6237486 TI - Feline one-way mixed leukocyte reaction. AB - The feline one-way mixed leukocyte reaction (MLR) was accomplished by a microtechnique assay using gradient purified mononuclear leukocytes from the peripheral blood of specific-pathogen-free (SPF) cats. An eight day assay was required with an appropriate serum supplement of rabbit or cat serum and obtainable cell concentrations of 1 X 10(5) mononuclear cells per well of each responder and stimulator population. This assay was devised as an in vitro correlate of cell-mediated immunity and to demonstrate that feline histocompatibility differences can be detected in culture. PMID- 6237488 TI - Antibodies to chromosome 21 coded cell surface components block binding of human alpha interferon but not gamma interferon to human cells. AB - Antisera raised against a human X mouse hybrid cell line containing human chromosome 21 as its only human chromosome, block induction of an antiviral state by human alpha interferon (IFN-alpha), block induction of (2' 5')oligoisoadenylate synthetase [2'-5')A synthetase), and block binding of 125I labeled and 35S-labeled recombinant, human IFN-alpha A, but not 125I-labeled IFN gamma, to cell surface receptors. The data presented clearly demonstrate that the cell surface receptors for IFN-alpha and IFN-gamma are different, and provide independent evidence of the role of a chromosome 21 coded cell surface molecule in the pathway to the generation of the antiviral state. PMID- 6237489 TI - [Party politics activities among the wounded patients and medical personnel during the Kursk battle]. PMID- 6237487 TI - IgG Fc membrane receptor on normal human glomerular visceral epithelial cells. AB - This study demonstrates that human glomerular epithelial cells are able to bind heat aggregated immunoglobulins and antigen-antibody complexes. This has been observed on kidney cryostat sections, on whole glomeruli and on cultured visceral epithelial cells. Binding depends on the presence of the Fc portion of IgG and occurs in the absence of complement, showing that the IgG Fc receptor is different from the C3b receptor. The use of heat aggregated anti-peroxidase IgG and of peroxidase anti-peroxidase complexes allowed us to demonstrate, at the ultrastructural level, that the binding of the reagents at the plasma membrane was followed by their internalization within coated pits of vesicles. These observations strongly suggest that glomerular visceral epithelial cells are capable of receptor mediated endocytosis. The role of this process in glomerular diseases remains to be established. PMID- 6237490 TI - [Medical services in the 4th Guard Apostolov Red Army Rifle Division during the Jassy-Kishinev military operation]. PMID- 6237491 TI - [Physician-Bolshevik (on the 110th anniversary of birth of D.I. Ul'ianov)]. PMID- 6237492 TI - [History of the military hospital of the Byelorussian military district]. PMID- 6237493 TI - [50 years of military medical services]. PMID- 6237494 TI - [Effect of Arzni carbon dioxide baths on the myocardial GABA system in focal metabolic lesions (an experimental study)]. PMID- 6237495 TI - [Mechanism of action of Tib-2 mineral water from North Ossetia on kidney function]. PMID- 6237496 TI - [Treatment at Yessentuki health resort of a female patient with a choledochoduodenal fistula]. PMID- 6237497 TI - [Tskhaltubo health resort]. PMID- 6237498 TI - [Retroperitoneoscopy in diagnosis of lymphogenic metastases of bladder cancer]. AB - Application of retroperitoneoscopy improved diagnosis of regional metastases urinary bladder cancer because it provided relevant morphological verification. Fifty patients were examined for urinary bladder cancer. Factors influencing the frequency of lymphogenic dissemination were studied. A comparative evaluation of the results of direct contrast lymphography and of retroperitoneoscopy suggests that a complex of procedures including retroperitoneoscopy should be used for diagnosis of regional metastases of urinary bladder cancer (T3-4). PMID- 6237499 TI - [Effect of transmeridional transit on adaptive changes of the plasma fatty acid content in healthy persons]. PMID- 6237500 TI - [Use of alternating-current polarography for determining the lead and cadmium content of wheat grain]. AB - The authors studied the possibility of determining lead and cadmium in wheat grain by polarography in the presence of O. 1 N hydrochloric acid. The determination of lead and cadmium in the grain can be performed with the use of the addition method and the calibrating curve. However, during cadmium determination, the calibrating curve provides more reproducible results. Altogether 100 samples of wheat grown in different regions of the European part of the USSR were analyzed by polarography. The data obtained indicate that the content of lead and cadmium in wheat grain does not depend on the region where that culture was grown. It amounts to 0-0.2 micrograms/g for lead and 0-0.04 micrograms/g for cadmium for the majority of samples. If the content of these elements is higher than the amounts indicated, there is every reason to suggest that in this region there are sources of grain contamination with lead and cadmium. PMID- 6237501 TI - [Activities of the Dietetics Center in Sverdlovsk]. PMID- 6237502 TI - [Epidemiology, clinical aspects and treatment of nickel allergy]. PMID- 6237503 TI - Survey of physically disabled in Korea. PMID- 6237504 TI - [Construction, evaluation and use of a thermistor anemometer for measuring volume streams within the scope of emmission measurement procedures]. PMID- 6237505 TI - [Acquired disseminated papulous palmar keratoses--a paraneoplastic syndrome in cancers of the urinary bladder and lung?]. PMID- 6237507 TI - [Computer tomographic determination of left ventricular muscle mass]. AB - Left ventricular muscle mass LVMM) was determined by computed tomography in 19 dogs (33 in vivo and 19 postmortem studies). CT values obtained with 4 models were compared with the actual LVMM at autopsy. Excellent correlation was achieved by volumetric analysis (model A; r = 0.95-0.96). Accurate assessment of LVMM was also obtained using a two-axis method (model B), an area-length method (model C), or a representative cross-sectional volume (model D). There was no significant difference between in vivo and postmortem studies. We conclude that CT can provide reliable estimates of LVMM in vivo. Volumetric analysis is not dependent on mathematical models of the left ventricle. However, this method is very time consuming. The other CT-models are simple enough to permit clinical application. In comparison with other experimental and clinical methods of LVMM quantitation, CT is superior to chest X-ray, ECG, VCG, and M-mode echocardiography, while similar good results can be obtained with two-dimensional echocardiography as well as conventional and digital angiocardiography. PMID- 6237506 TI - [Late manifestations in former mustard gas workers with special reference to cutaneous findings]. AB - We report on late cutaneous manifestations following exposition to gas (in particular N- and S-LOST) which had not been observed until within the last years. In the years 1945 to 1951, inadequate protective measures during disbandment of the "Heeresmunitionsanstalt St. Georgen" caused contamination and inhalation of these radiomimetics in about 400 persons. Apart from the still today little known pulmonal and cardiac late manifestations, the surviving persons now suffer from multiple skin tumors, such as basal cell carcinomas, Bowen's disease, Bowen's carcinoma and carcinoma spinocellulare even in unexposed parts of the skin. Moreover, there are observed spontaneous flat and partly necrotic, gangrenously imposing, very painful ulcerations with tendency to spread, which keep unaffected by all therapeutic measures. The findings have been documented historically, macroscopically, histologically as well as cytologically. Presentation of these late sequele is of particular importance since at that time containers with mustard gas had been unloaded anywhere in the FRG without any special precautions, so that also contamination of citizens has to be assumed. For this reason, similar findings are to be expected throughout the country, accumulated in certain regions. This additional aspect has also to be considered concerning the application of these radiomimetics therapy of psoriasis ("Russian ointment"). PMID- 6237508 TI - [Effect of the antiandrogen cyproterone acetate on the behavior and mature testis of the male guinea pig (Cavia aperea procellus, Linne, 1758)]. PMID- 6237509 TI - [The tasks of the radiologist and his contribution to angiology]. PMID- 6237510 TI - [Local low dosage, fibrinolytic therapy: indications, technic and results]. PMID- 6237511 TI - [Thrombocyte activation in sclerotherapy of varicose veins and in deep venous thrombosis]. PMID- 6237512 TI - Platelet hyperactivity during acute migraine attack. PMID- 6237513 TI - Technetium-labelled compounds and thermography for non-invasive detection of deep vein thrombosis. PMID- 6237514 TI - [Rehabilitation of patients with occupational dermatitis]. PMID- 6237515 TI - [Study of the immunocorrecting effect of hemosorption with plasmapheresis in neurodermatitis]. PMID- 6237516 TI - [Case of erythroderma after metal osteosynthesis]. PMID- 6237517 TI - [Toxiderma caused by the topical administration of mercuric sulfate ointment]. PMID- 6237518 TI - [An automated photometric method for determining niacin and niacinamide content in grain and cereals]. AB - The subject of this report is an automated photometric method for the determination of the content of total niacin in grain and cereal food. The customary coupling reagent sulfanilic acid has been replaced by 1,3 dimethylbarbituric acid; CNCl is produced in the flow through system directly from KCN and chloramine T. The composition of reagents, the procedure and the analytical manifold are specified. 30 analyses/h can be performed. The accuracy and reproducibility of the automated method is good. In a range of 0.5-4.0 micrograms/ml niacin and a total content of 10-135 mg niacin/kg dry matter an average variation coefficient of vk = 0.74% (n = 10) was obtained. When lack of homogeneity of samples and variation in alkaline hydrolysis are included average vk to +/- 2.43% at the same range of niacin. The content of total niacin in various kinds of grain and in enriched ready to eat cereal foods was determined. PMID- 6237519 TI - [Occupational diseases in forestry workers]. AB - Inquiries and medical examinations provided a considerable amount of informations on the state of health of forest workers in Switzerland. A large number of forest workers suffers from back troubles (55%) and other health problems concerning the muscular-skeletal system. These are obvious reasons for giving up forestry work before reaching the retiring age limit. Complaints about overfatigue and overall body degeneration are frequent and point to the necessity of further investigations. Vibration induced "White Fingers" are frequent amount forest workers (46%). They are closely related to total exposure time. During recent years among professional forest workers there has been a change-over to chain saws with vibration damping devices (97%) and, to some extend, to chain-saws with heated handgrips. This seems to lead to a reduction of White Finger symptoms. Chain-saw exhausted gas continues to be a problem requiring solution. PMID- 6237520 TI - [Dependence of the dentition behavior of the permanent teeth on the persistence of deciduous teeth]. PMID- 6237521 TI - [Animal experimental and clinical studies of the caries activity and progression in hard dental tissues containing tetracycline. 2. The clinical studies]. PMID- 6237522 TI - [Possibilities for the objective evaluation of the glossalgia and stomatodynia syndrome. 3. Stereognostic studies]. PMID- 6237523 TI - [New procedure for processing bioactive glass ceramics for dental implants]. PMID- 6237524 TI - [Antibacterial properties of dental alloys with different surface treatments]. PMID- 6237525 TI - [Corrosion behavior of chromium-nickel-based fired alloys]. PMID- 6237526 TI - [Reliability of criteria for periodontal check-ups]. PMID- 6237527 TI - [Comparative light- and electron microscopy findings in oocytes obtained by laparoscopy during the cycle period close to ovulation]. AB - Oocytes recovered by diagnostic laparoscopy can be divided in three categories- atretic, non-ovulatory and pre-ovulatory oocytes. Examples for those three categories are demonstrated. The findings from survey sections and from transmission electron microscopy were used for the retrospective characterization of the light micrographs and the description of the surroundings. Methodic experiences allow further research on oocytes and embryos with developmental defects. Two examples were shown. Our experiments yielded, that the examination with light and electron microscopy is suitable for statement in diagnostic laparoscopies and that these examinations were advantageous for the preparation of an in vitro fertilization program. PMID- 6237528 TI - [Personal experience with in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer]. AB - The causes of sterility could be better characterized in 49 so called complex laparoscopies with estimation of sperm ascension and extraction of oocytes following hormonal stimulation. Oocytes could be obtained in sterility operations. They have been fertilized and transferred into the tubes, with the result of 2 pregnancies after 49 such procedures. Up to now there is no late pregnancy after 115 in vitro fertilizations and 53 embryo transfer into the uterus. PMID- 6237529 TI - [Comparative evaluation of the effectiveness of 2 methods of immunoglobulin prophylaxis of hepatitis A in areas with high morbidity in this infection]. AB - The article presents the results of a strictly controlled epidemiological experiment on the comparative evaluation of the effectiveness of two methols used for the immunoglobulin prophylaxis of hepatitis A; the simultaneous injection of immunoglobulin to all persons at risk at the beginning of the seasonal rise of morbidity and the injection of the preparation to all persons having contacts with hepatitis A patients in the foci of this infection as such foci appear. These results indicate that in the presence of a sufficiently high morbidity rate the injection of immunoglobulin at the beginning of the seasonal rise of morbidity proved to be most effective. Such use of immunoglobulin made it possible to decrease hepatitis A morbidity 2.1 times in comparison with the control groups and 1.5 times in comparison with the groups receiving the preparation in the foci of infection as such foci appeared. PMID- 6237530 TI - [Effectiveness of preventive measures carried out in decreasing hepatitis B morbidity in the polyclinic institutions of Minsk Province]. PMID- 6237531 TI - Salient characteristics of bovine pituitary intraglandular colloid: a transport medium for determinants to pituitary hormones and immunoglobulins. AB - Bovine hypophyseal intraglandular colloid, the holocrine secretion of marginal intermediate lobe cells, contains high molecular weight (MW 45 000 to 158 000) protein fractions and low molecular weight (MW below 25 000) peptide fractions. The fractions display immunoreactive determinants similar to those in pituitary hormones, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), serum IgG and albumin. Immunoelectrophoresis shows that components in high molecular weight fractions distribute themselves in three distinct bands (gamma, beta, alpha), while those in low molecular weight fractions distribute themselves in two bands (gamma and alpha). Physiochemical characteristics, i.e., sedimentation rate, percentage of hexose, total CHO and 12C as well as the content of cystine are presented. It is concluded that pituitary colloid should not be dismissed as a waste product of cellular degeneration, since there are strong suggestions that it serves as a transport medium for certain pituitary hormones. PMID- 6237532 TI - Optokinetic horizontal head nystagmus in the frog after regeneration of transected retinal fibres. AB - The recovery of optokinetic responses during regeneration of transected retinal fibres was studied. Regenerated optic fibres were demonstrated by the cobaltfilling technique. After transection of the chiasma in the midline in most of the cases regenerating retinal fibres did not cross, but terminated in ipsilateral visual centres. Aberrant fibres were found in the telencephalon, the periventricular region of the diencephalon, anterior-, posterior- and ventral tegmental commissures and in the isthmic nucleus. In one group of animals optokinetic responses did not return after regeneration of retinal fibres. Re innervation was either symmetrical on both sides from one eye, or terminal fibres were disorganized. In the second group of animals normal optokinetic nystagmus (OKN) returned. In these cases the fibres were symmetrically distributed on both sides or, alternatively, the crossed fibres outnumbered the ipsilateral ones. The third group of animals showed reversed OKN, spontaneous turning of the head, circling or head nystagmus. Here the majority of regenerated fibres termined ipsilaterally. When the OKN returned, the retinal projection was always restored in the pretectal region. Contrary to our earlier work, we concluded that the basal optic nucleus is not essential for horizontal optokinetic head nystagmus because in a few animals, retinal fibres did not invated this nucleus, and in spite of this the OKN could be evoked. We think now that the most important structure (as an input channel) for horizontal OKN of frogs is the pretectal region. PMID- 6237533 TI - Re-investigation of the role of the accessory optic system and pretectum in the horizontal optokinetic head nystagmus of the frog. Lesion experiments. AB - The effects of various lesions in the accessory optic system and pretectal area were studied on the horizontal optokinetic head nystagmus (OKN) in the frog Rana esculenta. For histological control the cobalt-filling technique and haematoxylineosin staining were used. Isolated complete transection of the basal optic root caused only a slight reduction in the frequency of the OKN. Transection of the marginal optic tract on one side reduced the frequency as if one eye had been removed. Electrolytic destruction of the basal optic nucleus on one side did not influence the optokinetic responses significantly. In monocular animals, however, an obvious reduction occurred in the frequency of the OKN when the basal optic nucleus corresponding to the seeing eye had been destroyed. If the lesion involved the brain tissue surrounding the basal optic nucleus, nystagmus could not be evoked. Complete destruction of the lateral pretectal neuropil, which receives retinal afferents, strongly reduced the frequency or abolished the OKN. We conclude that the pretectal region is the most important structure at the input side in the initiation of this visuomotor response. The basal optic nucleus together with the neighbouring tegmental area may also play some role in the regulation of the OKN. PMID- 6237534 TI - Subcellular distribution and postnatal development of cholinergic marker proteins in the striatum of rat. AB - The distribution of muscarinic cholinergic receptors, choline acetyl-transferase and acetylcholinesterase activities were measured in subcellular fractions of the rat striatum on the 5th and 15th days postnatally and in adulthood. The receptor density in the striatum of 5 and 15-day-old rats was 15%, respectively, of the adult value. Similar increases of the receptors could be detected in the synaptosomal and microsomal fractions in the postnatal life of rat. The activity of choline acetyltransferase on the same days was 15% and 28%. In the subcellular fractions, the enzyme activity was the highest in the microsomal fraction on both the 5th and 15th days postnatally. The activity of acetylcholinesterase in the homogenate was 6% of the adult value in the 5-day-old rat striatum, while in the synaptosomal fraction it was 11% and 47% of the adult value on the 5th and 15th days, respectively. Our results show that the development of the muscarinic cholinergic receptors precedes that of the two cholinergic enzymes in both 5 and 15-day-old rat striatum. This may suggest an early perikaryonal synthesis and the fast translocation of receptors to the axon terminals during ontogenetic development. PMID- 6237535 TI - Modification of the cell cycle of limb bud mesenchyme during in vitro cartilage differentiation. AB - A consistent chondrogenesis takes place in micro high-density cultures derived from limb mesenchymal cells of chick embryos of stages 23-24. Flow-cytometric measurements of DNA content showed that cells in the phase of G1 or G0 made up 51% of the dispersed cell suspensions. The proportion of these cells increased to 71% by the onset of cartilage differentiation in day-2 cultures. This ratio was 84% when the voluminous matrix formation began on the 4th day of culturing. Thereafter, it increased to 90% by the 6th day, and to 93% by the 14th day. The results suggest that cartilage differentiates from G0 mesenchymal cells of the limb. In our measurements, however, the G0 phase includes all non-proliferative cell population which have identical DNA content with G1 cells. Therefore, the G0 phase contains also an increasing number of chondroblasts and chondrocytes as the chondrogenesis proceeds. PMID- 6237536 TI - Influence of hormone concentration and time factor on TSH-FSH imprinting and overlap in CHO cells. AB - Exposure of Chinese hamster ovarian cell cultures (cell line CHO) to TSH of FSH gave rise to hormonal imprinting. In earlier studies re-exposure after 48 h displayed a considerable increase in hormone binding. In the present experiments similar increase was demonstrated with an interval of five days. After 14 days, the increment was of lesser degree or even a decrease was noted in hormone binding capacity. Although the CHO line originates from the target cells of gonadotropin, long-term positive imprinting was greater for TSH than for FSH, imprinting for FSH being negative rather than positive. The experimental results suggest that even very low concentrations (10(-13) mol) of hormone induce imprinting after an exposure as short as 60 min. PMID- 6237537 TI - Impact of FSH-TSH overlap on the growth of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell culture. PMID- 6237538 TI - The occurrence of GABA in vas deferens, prostate, epididymis, seminal vesicle and testicle of the rat. AB - The concentration of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) was determined in vas deferens, prostate, epididymis, seminal vesicle and testicle of the adult rat. Among the organs examined, vas deferens was found to be the richest in GABA and the lowest concentration was measured in testicle. Although the GABA levels appear to be 10-50 times lower in the sex organs examined than in the brain tissue, even the low GABA contents are suggestive of a role of this amino acid in the reproductive organs of the male rat. PMID- 6237539 TI - Effects of 40 mcg. and 400 mcg. of ipratropium bromide in obstructive lung disease. PMID- 6237540 TI - Incidence, recurrence and treatment of the luteinized unruptured follicle syndrome. AB - The frequency of the luteinized unruptured follicle (LUF) was determined in a population of 220 regularly cycling women, infertile for at least two years. Laparoscopy was performed during the very first days of the luteal phase. In 26 women without other demonstrable cause of infertility, a diagnosis of LUF was made based on the absence of an ovulation stigma and the low concentrations of progesterone (P) and 17 beta-oestradiol (E2) in peritoneal fluid (PF). Twenty of these 26 women underwent a culdocentesis 72-96 hours after the serum LH-rise in a following cycle. In 19 out of 20, low P and E2 concentrations in PF were again found, suggesting the recurrence of LUF. Subsequently, ovulation was induced with human menopausal gonadotrophins (hMG) alone (n = 4), or in combination with human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG, n = 9). At carefully timed culdocentesis (at LH/hCG + 72-96 hours), P concentration in PF was high in the hMG-hCG treated women but remained low in those given hMG alone. The combination of hMG and hCG may be a valuable treatment of LUF. PMID- 6237541 TI - Luteinized unruptured follicle syndrome: hormone assay on peritoneal fluid in a laparoscopic study of infertile women. AB - 33 infertile women with normal ovulatory cycles were investigated for the presence of a Luteinized Unruptured Follicle Syndrome (L.U.F.) using steroid hormone assays in peritoneal fluid and laparoscopic visualization of ovulation stigmata. We failed to identify a stigma in 36% (12) of the patients in the early luteal phase, 1 subject had a cystic corpus luteum and in 4 cases no diagnosis was made due to the presence of adhesions. The mean hormone concentrations in PF were significantly higher when the stigma was present (17-beta-estradiol, P less than 0,05; progesterone, P less than 0,01; 17-oh-progesterone, P less than 0,05). The two groups (with and without ovulation stigmata) showed no differences in plasma levels of Estradiol (E2) and Progesterone (P). Stigmata were detected only in 17% of subjects with concomitant endometriosis. 3 patients with a luteal phase defect showed low levels of steroids in PF in spite of the presence of an ovulation stigma. PMID- 6237542 TI - Tunica vaginalis fluid (TVF): hormonal composition. Assessment of testosterone, 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone, delta 4-androstenedione, dehydroepiandrosteronesulphate, estradiol, LH, FSH and PRL. AB - Up to now little or no attention has been paid to the tunica vaginalis fluid (TVF), that is usually found between the inner and outer layers of the tunica vaginalis of the testis. The aim of this work is to evaluate in 33 patients whether TVF may be considered to reflect to some extent male gametogenic function. Authors' data support the view that TVF is probably a transudate reflecting concentration of steroid hormone levels at the site of their action. PMID- 6237543 TI - Clioquinol neurotoxicity: an overview. PMID- 6237544 TI - Some thoughts on 'SMON'. PMID- 6237545 TI - Transient global amnesia due to clioquinol. AB - Twelve cases of confusional state after normal or excessive doses of clioquinol are discussed. They resemble transient global amnesia (TGA) of the classic type, but the episodes last longer (1-3 days), they are often accompanied by a variety of mental disturbances, and the onset and end are less well defined than in the classic type. A combination of SMON and acute encephalopathy due to clioquinol was observed in only one case. Apart from amnesia for the acute episode a permanent retrograde amnesia for a few days up to two months was left behind. The pathophysiology of these episodes is not clear, but they resemble the toxic reactions to clioquinol observed in dogs and experimental animals. PMID- 6237546 TI - Inhibitor of plasminogen activator in human arterial wall. I. Histochemical study. AB - An inhibitor of urokinase, human urinary plasminogen activator, was found in the media of human arteries using a histochemical method (fibrin slide sandwich technique). Arteriosclerotic lesions, especially atherosclerosis, apparently contained the urokinase inhibitor. The inhibitor did not alter plasmin activity. This inhibitor of urokinase may be involved in regulation of fibrinolysis in arterial wall and thus a significant role in atherogenesis. PMID- 6237547 TI - Inhibitor of plasminogen activator in human arterial wall. II. Biochemical characterization. AB - Fibrinolytic inhibitor was prepared from human aortas and some of its biochemical properties were investigated. The fibrinolytic inhibitor suppressed urokinase activity, but did not inhibit plasmin activity when assayed by fibrin plate method and synthetic fluorogenic substrate method. The urokinase inhibitor was a glycoprotein and migrated similar to alpha-globulin upon fibrin-agar electrophoresis. The molecular weight determined by gel filtration was approximately 98,000. The urokinase inhibitor was immunologically different from other known plasma protease inhibitors, such as alpha 2-plasmin inhibitor, alpha 2-macroglobulin, and alpha 2-antitrypsin. The interaction of urokinase with the inhibitor was dose-dependent. Progressive inactivation of urokinase occurred by increasing time of incubation with the inhibitor at 37 degrees C, and over 90% inhibition of urokinase required 30 min of incubation. The inhibitor of plasminogen activator in human aorta may be noteworthy in relation to thrombogenesis and atherogenesis. PMID- 6237548 TI - Progeria with cardiac hypertrophy and review of 12 autopsy cases in the literature. AB - An autopsy of an 11 years 5 months old boy with progeria is presented. Hyaluronuria, low growth rate of skin fibroblasts, decreased number of T-cells in lymphocyte subpopulation, increase of anti DNA antibody, and antibody for microsome of thyroid gland were detected clinically. He had suffered an attack of cerebral infarct and died of congestive cardiac failure. Pathologic findings were scleroderma-like skin atrophy, moderate arteriosclerosis of the aorta and great arteries, severely narrowed coronary sclerosis with an extensive subendocardial fibrosis, a large left cerebral infarct with pin-holed stenosis of both internal carotid arteries, cortical atrophy of thymus, and atrophic lymph nodes. The cardiac muscle fibers were slightly hypertrophied and measured 15.5 +/- 2.8 microns in diameter. Histologic findings suggest that increasing of collagen in the connective tissue may play an important role in progeria. Further study of metabolic disturbance in the connective tissue of progeria is necessary. PMID- 6237549 TI - Participation of serotoninergic, GABA-ergic and opiate mechanisms in the genesis of amphetamine stereotypy. AB - In experiments on rats it has been observed that the intensity of amphetamine induced (6 mg/kg s.c.) stereotypy is reduced by the blockers of the serotonin (5 HT), GABA- and opiate receptors, respectively danitracene (3 mg/kg i.p.), picrotoxin (2 mg/kg i.p.) and naloxone (10 mg/kg s.c.). Applied 24 hours after the serotonin depletor para-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA--300 mg/kg i.p.), amphetamine induced more pronounced but earlier disappearing stereotypy. Also more intensive but longer was the stereotypy induced by apomorphine (2.5 mg/kg i.p.) applied after PCPA. The stimulator of the serotonin receptors quipazine (10 mg/kg i.p.) potentiated amphetamine stereotypy and eliminated haloperidol catalepsy (1 mg/kg i.p.). The blocker of the cholinergic receptors atropine (30 mg/kg i.p.) increased and prolonged amphetamine stereotypy. In the interpretation of the results obtained an attempt is made to substantiate the thesis that dopamine (DA) released under the effect of amphetamine by the nigrostriatal terminals, acts at least partially not as inhibitory, as it is usually accepted, but as excitatory transmitter. It is considered that the results obtained show that DA released from the nigrostriatal pathway exercises its typical inhibitory influence on the striatum, by stimulating 5-HT, GABA and opiate neurons situated in nucleus caudatus. The ostensibly contradictory results from the experiments with PCPA to the proposed hypothesis are explained with the development of sensitization of the 5-HT receptors. PMID- 6237550 TI - Enzyme levels in pools of microdissected human muscle fibres of identified type. Adaptive response to exercise. AB - Enzyme activities were determined in pools of type I (slow twitch) and II A and II B (fast twitch) fibres of the thigh muscle from individuals engaged to a high degree in physical training of an endurance character and from non-endurance trained controls. The endurance-trained (ET) group had significantly higher activity levels of the mitochondrial enzymes citrate synthase, malate dehydrogenase, and 3-OH-acylCoA dehydrogenase both in type I (2.1X, 1.7X, 1.4X) and in type II A (2.3X, 1.8X, 1.4X) and II B fibres (2.0X, 1.5X, 1.5X) than the non-endurance-trained (NET) group. Of the glycolytic enzymes, phosphofructokinase (PFK) in type I fibres was significantly higher (1.8X) in the ET than in the NET group whereas glyceraldehydephosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) in type I fibres was similar in the two groups. In type II fibres both PFK and GAPDH levels tended to be higher in the ET group. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) of both fibre types were not different in the two groups. Type I fibres differed significantly from type II fibres for all the six enzymes measured in both groups. However, no significant difference between fibres of types II A and II B was found. The results indicate that fibres of types I, II A and II B in human skeletal muscle all possess great adaptability with regard to their oxidative capacity. Furthermore, the data suggest that extensive endurance training may enhance the glycolytic capacity in both type I and type II fibres although the glycolytic capacity of the muscle as a whole generally is low in endurance trained subjects owing to a predominance of type I fibres. It is concluded that further studies are needed to determine whether there is a metabolic distinction between fibres of types II A and II B. PMID- 6237551 TI - Quantitative Doppler flowmetry. I. Construction and testing of a duplex scanning system. AB - With the aim of designing a duplex scanner especially suited for flow estimation in abdominal vessels, a mechanical coupling device was constructed, combining a real time sector scanner and a pulsed Doppler velocity meter. The possible error in estimation of vessel cross-sectional area by means of ultrasound measured diameters, was studied through diameter measurements of blood-filled plastic tubes. In conclusion, the ultrasound measured outer-inner diameter seemed to be the most accurate estimation of true inner diameter. The accuracy and reproducibility of flow estimation was tested under optimum in vitro conditions, with special reference to the ability of the mechanical coupling device in giving the correct angle between Doppler beam and blood-filled tube. Ninety blood flow estimates with varying angle of insonation were all within +/- 10 per cent of true flow. PMID- 6237552 TI - Non-invasive assessment of changes in pulmonary artery blood flow by transcutaneous ultrasonic Doppler technique in normal children. PMID- 6237553 TI - [Huntington chorea: epidemiologic and clinical study of a family over 7 generations]. PMID- 6237554 TI - Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of the cavernous carotid artery for recurrent ischemia. PMID- 6237555 TI - Percutaneous transluminal carotid angioplasty and detachable balloon embolization in fibromuscular dysplasia. PMID- 6237556 TI - Inhibition of protein synthesis and lymphokine production by tetracycline. AB - This study was designed to examine the effects of tetracycline on DNA and protein synthesis by human lymphocytes treated with Con A. The effects of the drug were also assessed in terms of the in vitro production of the lymphokine, migration inhibitory factor (MIF). The results indicate that marked suppression of protein synthesis occurred in presence of tetracycline at all concentrations including clinically achievable doses. The group mean values of DNA synthesis did not show significant inhibition with lower concentrations of the drug. The marked decline in protein synthesis in tetracycline treated cultures was accompanied by a significant suppression of MIF production. Accelerated migration of macrophages was observed when the lymphocyte supernatant was produced in presence of the higher concentrations of tetracycline (75-100 microliter/ml). These observations suggest that tetracycline interfered with the in vitro correlates of cellular immunity in humans. This raises a possibility that indiscriminate use of the drug might compromise host defenses especially where long-term therapy is prescribed. PMID- 6237557 TI - Further evidence of immunomodulatory effects of cimetidine. AB - The immunomodulatory effect of cimetidine was demonstrated both on human lymphocytes in vitro and in an experimental mice tumour model. Cimetidine increased the incorporation of tritiated thymidine into peripheral blood lymphocytes of healthy donors after nonspecific stimulation with PHA and Con A in vitro. Cimetidine prolonged the survival of mice bearing the syngeneic ascitic lymphoma EL-4. It had no cytotoxic effect on cells of ascitic lymphoma EL-4 in tissue culture. PMID- 6237558 TI - [Autologous mixed lymphocyte culture (AMLC)]. AB - The autologous mixed lymphocyte culture (AMLC) in humans has been reviewed. Normal human T cells are stimulated to proliferate in vitro when co-cultured with mitomycin-C-treated or X-irradiated autologous non-T-cells. This reactivity, termed autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction, is thought to represent a self recognitive mechanism that might be important in regulating the cellular interactions involved in the generation of normal immune response. The nature of the stimulator cell remains a matter of controversy, with evidence suggesting that monocytes, B cells, or dendritic cells may be the major stimulatory populations. In addition, activated T cells expressing HLA-D/DR antigens are also capable of stimulating autologus T cells in AMLC. It was shown that treatment of stimulator cells with anti-HLA-DR antibodies resulted in a significant decrease in their stimulatory capacity in AMLC. These observations suggest that HLA-D/DR antigens, the human counterpart of murine Ia antigens coded for by the I-E subregion of the H-2 complex, expressed on non-T cells or activated T cells participate in the stimulation of AMLC. However, recent findings would suggest that HLA-DS, the human equivalent of murine I-A, is more important than HLA-DR in inducing proliferation in the AMLC. The nature of the T cell subpopulations stimulated by autologous non-T cells has not been clearly elucidated. Evidence has been presented to suggest that either helper T cells or suppressor T cells, as well as cytotoxic cells may be activated. Recent evidence involving the use of monoclonal antibodies that identify mutually exclusive T cell subsets suggests only T cells with the T4+ (helper/inducer) phenotype are triggered directly, but in the presence of such cells, T8+ (suppressor/cytotoxic) cells may also be activated. The T cells which respond in AMLC are a subset of the Con A-responsive T cell population and are separate from allogeneic MLC-responding T cells. Furthermore, the responding cells are T cells forming rosettes with autologous erythrocytes and have surface and functional characteristic of post-thymic precursors. Recent studies indicate that in AMLC between T and non-T cells or T and activated T cells phenotypically distinct subpopulations of T lymphocytes respond by proliferation and express distinct immunoregulatory function. Thus, it seems that distinct species of Ia antigens expressed on activated T cells as opposed to those expressed on non-T cells could participate in the triggering process for the stimulation of functionally distinct human T cell subpopulations.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6237559 TI - [Mechanisms in the induction and maintenance of transplantation tolerance: an overview]. AB - Transplantation tolerance is used as model for investigation of mechanisms in recognition of "self" and "non-self". The clonal deletion of specific lymphocytes as reason transplantation tolerance is called more and more in question. Active mechanims, as for instance induction and maintenance by suppressor cells are more possible. Suppressor cells may be active not only in inhibition of inductor phase but also in blocking of effector cells. A synergistic effect of blocking factors is supposed too. The thymus plays an important role in induction of transplantation tolerance. Different methods for induction of tolerance are described. PMID- 6237560 TI - [Bone marrow cytology in diseases of autoimmune pathogenesis in childhood and its changes during therapy with anti-human lymphocyte globulin (AHLG)]. AB - Among the organs of the immune system the bone marrow is comparably simple accessible. Autoimmune diseases are characterized by reactive cytomorphological symptoms. Due to own investigations the granulo-erythropoietic index (G/E-index Rohr) as a parameter of inflammatory activity as well as the amount of plasma cells as an indication of humoral reactivity are described--before and under treatment with anti-human lymphocyte globulin. PMID- 6237561 TI - [Significance of systemic immunodeficiencies and the autoimmune process in the pathogenesis of chronic tonsillitis]. AB - From the immune status in patients with tonsillitis it can be deduced that only a few indications on systemic immunodeficiencies can be found. Heterophilic tissue antibodies, antinuclear antibodies and circulating immune complexes indicate autoimmune processes. The results obtained are discussed from a clinical aspect. PMID- 6237562 TI - The cardiovascular response to chronic physical exertion and exercise training: an echocardiographic review. PMID- 6237563 TI - Determinants of successful percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty: report from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Registry. PMID- 6237564 TI - Pseudoposterior pericardial effusion due to enlarged left atrium. PMID- 6237565 TI - Allergic contact dermatitis secondary to transdermal nitroglycerin. PMID- 6237566 TI - Intracoronary thrombolysis in acute myocardial infarction: clinical course following successful myocardial reperfusion. AB - We reviewed the clinical course of 73 patients who had attempted intracoronary thrombolysis, with emphasis on follow-up. Fifty-nine patients (81%) had coronary reflow sufficient to control pain and injury current: 52 received thrombolysis alone and seven had thrombolysis combined with acute coronary angioplasty. Recurrent ischemic events in hospital were frequent and occurred in 17 patients (29%). These included silent reocclusion (four patients), recurrent angina (eight patients), and recurrent infarction in the same myocardial zone (five patients). Late ischemic events occurred in 11 patients (19%) and included silent reocclusion (two patients) and angina (nine patients). Although acute coronary angioplasty resulted in a high rate of successful myocardial reperfusion, long term vessel patency was infrequent. The results of coronary bypass surgery, performed in hospital for severe residual coronary stenosis and angina and later for recurrent angina, were uniformly good. At follow-up of 6 to 36 months (mean 18.5 +/- 8.1), total mortality was five patients (8%). Only 16 reperfused patients (27%) were alive and well without recurrent ischemia or interventions. We conclude that reopening an acutely occluded coronary artery by thrombolysis and/or angioplasty can be performed in the majority of patients but must be regarded as initial therapy in view of the high incidence of recurrent ischemic events. Reperfused patients with stable myocardial blood supply post infarction have low long-term mortality. PMID- 6237568 TI - Secondary hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in infancy and childhood. AB - In 12 infants and children with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), seen during a 5-year period, the incidence of the idiopathic or primary form was similar to that secondary to systemic disease. Five of the six patients with secondary HCM are reported. Pompe's disease, Friedreich's ataxia, and Noonan's syndrome were seen in one each. There were two patients with lentiginosis. The diagnosis of HCM and of the metabolic disorder was made simultaneously in the patient with Pompe's disease. In two patients, one with Friedreich's ataxia and the other with lentiginosis, the diagnosis of HCM preceded the manifestations of the associated disorder. The other two patients were referred to rule out heart disease. The diagnosis of HCM in infancy and childhood should be considered with the possibility of being a secondary form, and patients with known associations with HCM should be referred for early diagnosis of heart conditions. PMID- 6237567 TI - A new approach to quantitation of exercise thallium-201 scintigraphy before and after an intervention: application to define the impact of coronary angioplasty on regional myocardial perfusion. AB - We have developed a new computer method designed to quantitate regional myocardial thallium-201 (TI-201) initial distribution, redistribution, and clearance rate. In addition, this computer method permits the generation of functional images to compare two thallium images in the same projection to one another. These functional images can be used to demonstrate the extent of redistribution and the extent of change in regional perfusion before and after an intervention. To validate and apply this new computer technique, exercise TI-201 myocardial images obtained before and 1 week after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) were analyzed in 20 patients with isolated left anterior descending coronary artery disease. Significant improvement in initial TI-201 activity, expressed as a percentage of maximal myocardial activity, was present in the anterior (71.9 +/- 12.0 to 84.1 +/- 11.5%, p less than 0.001) and septal (66.7 +/- 15.4 to 75.2 +/- 11.0%, p less than 0.05) regions of the left ventricle 1 week after PTCA. This increase in relative anterior wall TI-201 uptake was associated with a significant reduction in the amount of TI-201 redistribution between initial and delayed postexercise images (14.7 +/- 14.6 to 3.0 +/- 13.2%, p less than 0.05) as well as an increase in TI-201 clearance rate (t 1/2 from 8.8 +/- 4.4 to 4.3 +/- 2.5 hours, p less than 0.001). Quantitative analysis of TI-201 scans demonstrated improvement in 14 of 20 patients following PTCA. Computer-derived functional difference images depicted diminution in the extent of ischemia as manifested by redistribution of TI-201.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6237569 TI - Comparison of M-mode echocardiographic measurement of right ventricular wall thickness obtained by the subcostal and parasternal approach in children. AB - Right ventricular (RV) wall thickness was measured from M-mode echocardiograms at end-diastole from both the parasternal and subcostal approaches in 50 children of various body surface areas (0.24 to 1.68 m2). The measurements were obtained from M-mode recordings generated from sector scans to ensure precise location and position. Twenty-three children had normal hearts, and 27 had various congenital heart defects that may be associated with RV hypertrophy. Corresponding measurements of the RV wall thickness at end-diastole from the 2 approaches were similar. Subcostal echocardiographic measurement of RV wall thickness was found to be a reliable alternative to parasternal measurement in children with normal hearts and in those with congenital heart disease and RV hypertrophy. PMID- 6237570 TI - Left ventricular changes resulting from chronic aortic regurgitation in dogs. AB - Chronic aortic regurgitation (AR) was induced by aortic valve perforation using catheterization techniques in 7 closed-chest puppies. Approximately 2 years after the creation of AR in these puppies, their growth was similar to that in littermate controls. A gradually progressive degree of left ventricular (LV) dilation and hypertrophy occurred as LV end-diastolic volume (average 116%) and mass (average 114%) increased in animals with AR compared with that in the littermate controls. The technique described to induce AR did not interfere with the normal growth and development of the animals, and permitted study of the functional characteristics of the resulting LV dilation and hypertrophy without added effects of thoracotomy and pericardiotomy. PMID- 6237571 TI - ST-segment alternans during percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. PMID- 6237572 TI - Thromboembolic complications of coronary angioplasty. PMID- 6237573 TI - Kissing balloon coronary angioplasty. PMID- 6237574 TI - Hypnosis as an adjunctive treatment in Huntington's disease. PMID- 6237575 TI - Will dietary omega-3 fatty acids change the composition of human milk? AB - The most abundant long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid in brain and retinal lipids is docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, C22:6 omega 3). It becomes incorporated into nerve tissues mostly in utero and during the 1st yr of life. DHA is derived in humans either performed in the diet or by hepatic synthesis from dietary linolenic acid (C18:3 omega 3). Since human milk contains DHA, this study was designed to see if increased dietary DHA would be reflected in a higher DHA content in human milk. Eight lactating women were given supplements of a fish oil concentrate rich in omega-3 fatty acids, including DHA (11% of fatty acids). Six women took 5 g/day of fish oil for 28 days; five women consumed 10 g/day for 14 days; and one woman consumed 47 g/day for 8 days. Each intake level of fish oil produced significant dose-dependent increases in the DHA content of milk and plasma. Base-line DHA levels in milk were 0.1 +/- 0.06% of total fatty acids. Five g/day of fish oil raised the levels to 0.5 +/- 0.1% (p less than 0.001); 10 g/day raised DHA levels to 0.8 +/- 0.1% (p less than 0.001); and 47 g/day produced DHA levels of 4.8%. The results of this study indicated that relatively low intakes of dietary DHA significantly elevated milk DHA content. This would clearly elevate the infant's DHA intake and might have implications for brain and retinal development. PMID- 6237577 TI - Clinicopathologic conference. Paraspinal mass in an 80-year-old woman. PMID- 6237576 TI - Cellular immune findings in Lyme disease. Correlation with serum IgM and disease activity. AB - Cellular immune findings were studied in 48 patients with various stages of Lyme disease. At each stage, some patients, particularly those with neuritis or carditis, had elevated serum IgM levels and lymphopenia. During early disease, mononuclear cells tended to respond normally to phytohemagglutinin, and spontaneous suppressor cell activity was greater than normal. Later, during active neuritis, carditis, or arthritis, the trend was toward heightened phytohemagglutinin responsiveness and less suppression than normal. By multiple regression analysis, serum IgM levels correlated directly with disease activity (p = 0.025) and inversely with the number of T cells (p = 0.02); during acute disease only, elevated IgM levels correlated with increased phytohemagglutinin responsiveness (p = 0.004) and decreased suppressor cell activity (p = 0.03). Decreased suppression, observed later in the disease, may permit damage to host tissues because of either autoimmune phenomena or a heightened response to the Lyme spirochete. PMID- 6237578 TI - Bilateral nasal bone osteophytosis associated with short-term oral isotretinoin therapy for cystic acne vulgaris. AB - Bilateral 2.5 and 3.0 mm nasal bone osteophytes developed five weeks following the initiation of oral isotretinoin therapy (50 mg daily) for severe cystic acne vulgaris in a healthy 30-year-old white woman who had undergone uneventful rhinoplasty 12 years earlier. Histologically mature bone fragments were removed at surgery. Vitamin A and its analogs have been reported to cause hyperostosis of the vertebrae and long bones, but no known reports link them to nasal bone changes. Clinically significant nasal bone osteophytosis may be another adverse reaction to oral isotretinoin therapy. PMID- 6237579 TI - Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. AB - Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty appears to be an effective alternative to coronary artery bypass surgery in patients whose coronary artery anatomy is suitable--that is, an individual with single (or, at most, double) vessel coronary artery disease whose stenoses are proximal, discrete, subtotal, concentric and noncalcified. Since emergent coronary artery bypass surgery is required in 5% to 7% of patients even when angioplasty is attempted by an experienced physician, the patient should be an acceptable candidate for surgery from both a cardiac and noncardiac standpoint. Unfortunately, ideal angioplasty candidates are a distinct minority among those with coronary artery disease. If the procedure is reserved for ideal (or nearly ideal) candidates, the rate of success should approach 75% to 80%, and the incidence of major complications should be below 10%. Although the procedure appears to be effective in alleviating angina, it is unlikely that it will exert a beneficial effect on survival when compared to either medical therapy or coronary artery bypass surgery. PMID- 6237580 TI - Familial t (4;21)(q2.4;q2.2) leading to unbalanced offspring with partial duplication of 4q and of 21q without manifestations of the Down syndrome. AB - We report on an infant with a malformation syndrome who had a combination of partial duplication of 4q and 21q as the result of a maternal unbalanced translocation. She has duplication of the proximal portion of chromosome 21, without manifestation of the Down syndrome. PMID- 6237581 TI - Presumed homozygous Ehlers-Danlos syndrome type I in a highly inbred kindred. AB - While studying an extended family of individuals with the Ehlers-Danlos (ED) syndrome type I, we found an affected male who was born to 2 affected consanguineous parents. This man had a more severe condition than that of his other affected relatives. Moreover, all 6 of his children were affected. Taking the pedigree data into account, the conditional probability of homozygosity for the ED gene in that patient was calculated as 97%. Some problems of the clinical and genetic approach to the recognition of the homozygous state in the ED syndrome are discussed using this family as an example. PMID- 6237582 TI - Relationship between the home environment and sensorimotor development of Down syndrome and nonretarded infants. AB - Thirteen Down syndrome and 19 nonretarded infants participated in a prospective, longitudinal study designed to investigate the effect of the home environment on sensorimotor development as assessed by infant tests and direct observation of behavior. The present paper is concerned with the age span from 6.5 to 24 months. The two groups did not differ on measures of the social environment obtained at 6.5 months but differed on such measures at 17 months. At 6.5 months, the amount of tactile stimulation, encouragement of postural control, and level of social stimulation were all related to concurrent test performance in both groups; characteristics of the inanimate environment were of longer-term predictive significance among the Down syndrome babies. At 17 months, mothers' referential speech was related to the developmental pattern from 6.5 to 24 months for the Down syndrome children. The Down syndrome children tended to explore objects as a solitary activity, whereas exploration was done within the interactional situation by the nonretarded subjects. An attempt at multiple prediction demonstrated the usefulness of an interactional approach, showing the joint predictive value of language behavior and mothers' referential speech. Of special concern was how slowness of development among Down syndrome children may be a factor producing changes in maternal behavior. PMID- 6237583 TI - The effect of hypertension in pregnant women on fetal adrenal function and fetal plasma lipoprotein-cholesterol metabolism. AB - In the present investigation, we evaluated the effect(s) of long-term hypertension and pregnancy-induced hypertension in women on the activity of the adrenals of their fetuses. We measured dehydroisoandrosterone sulfate, cortisol, and lipoprotein-cholesterol in umbilical cord plasma of newborn infants delivered (30 to 41 weeks' gestation) of 120 women whose pregnancies were uncomplicated and of 98 women with pregnancy-induced or long-term hypertension. Umbilical cord plasma levels of cortisol were similar in both groups of newborn infants at each gestational period. Fetal plasma levels of dehydroisoandrosterone sulfate also were similar in both groups at 30 to 33 weeks of gestation but were significantly reduced in newborn infants of hypertension women who were delivered between 34 and 41 weeks of gestation compared with those of newborn infants of normal women who were delivered at a similar gestational age. At term, umbilical cord plasma levels of total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol were significantly higher in the newborn infants of hypertensive women compared with those levels in newborn infants of normotensive women; fetal plasma levels of high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol and very low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol were similar in both groups of newborn infants. The lowest plasma levels of dehydroisoandrosterone sulfate and the highest plasma levels of total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol were found in newborn infants of women with the most severe pregnancy-induced hypertension. Based on these findings, we conclude that maternal hypertension effects a decrease in the rate of steroidogenesis of the fetal zone of the fetal adrenal cortex but does not act in a similar manner to effect steroidogenesis of the neocortical zone and leads to hypercholesterolemia in the fetus as a consequence of reduced adrenal utilization of low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol. In addition, the effects of pregnancy induced hypertension appear to be manifest in the fetus late in pregnancy at a time when the fetal adrenal normally undergoes an accelerated rate of growth and steroid biosynthesis. PMID- 6237584 TI - Diagnosis of trisomy 21 by chorionic villus biopsy. PMID- 6237585 TI - Diamine oxidase activity in human decidua and endometrium. AB - The activity of diamine oxidase, the enzyme that catalyzes the oxidative deamination of putrescine, spermidine, histamine, and other substances involved in the regulation of cell proliferation and immune responses, increases up to 1000-fold in blood of pregnant women. In vivo experiments have shown that progestins stimulate diamine oxidase in the rodent uterus. We examined diamine oxidase activity in human endometrium at different phases of the menstrual cycle and in decidua from first-trimester pregnancies. Enzyme activity was also assayed in tissues and media of cultured human endometrium and decidua in the presence of estradiol or medroxyprogesterone acetate. Enzyme activity in first-trimester decidual tissues (286 +/- 86 mU of diamine oxidase per milligram of DNA; mean +/- SEM) was considerably higher (p less than 0.001) than that in endometrium (2.6 +/ 1.6), and the activity increased from 6 to 17 weeks of pregnancy. No significant differences were detected in proliferative and secretory endometrium. Activities in media of endometrium in organ culture generally were below detectability. Decidua secreted large amounts of the enzyme into the medium (160 to 600 mU per milligram of DNA per day), greatly exceeding the initial tissue activities. Bovine serum, when added to culture media, caused a marked increase in diamine oxidase levels, whereas estradiol (10(-8) mol/L) or medroxyprogesterone acetate (10(-6) mol/L) did not. Kinetic analysis showed a Michaelis constant of 7.4 X 10( 6) mol/L with putrescine as the substrate. Spermidine and histamine were competitive inhibitors of putrescine with an inhibition constant of 1.1 X 10(-4) and 3.5 X 10(-6) mol/L, respectively. These results demonstrate synthesis and export of diamine oxidase by decidua in organ culture, stimulation of activity by serum factors, and competition of histamine, spermidine, and putrescine for the enzyme. PMID- 6237586 TI - Continuous measurement of oxygen consumption in fetal sheep. AB - A microcomputer-based system has been developed to measure oxygen consumption continuously in fetal sheep. The system includes an umbilical artery electromagnetic blood flow transducer and two fiberoptic catheter oximeters for measuring umbilical artery and vein oxyhemoglobin saturation in vivo. The electrical signals from these instruments are digitized and sampled by a microcomputer. Fetal oxygen consumption is calculated from the Fick principle by use of the digitized signals and hemoglobin concentrations. The latter is measured intermittently and updated if necessary. System validation required that artifacts in oxyhemoglobin recordings could be avoided and that the catheter readings agreed with values from intermittent samples. Continuous heparin infusion and careful catheter placement facilitated attainment of these requirements. The system can be used to obtain continuous recordings of fetal oxygen consumption during rapidly occurring physiologic events. PMID- 6237587 TI - Therapeutic programming for students with severe handicaps. AB - Therapeutic methods that use facilitation and inhibition to alter dysfunctional patterns of movement were implemented in children with multiple handicaps within educational settings. Desired movement patterns such as reach and manipulation skills were performed by students throughout the classroom day and across a variety of contextual uses. Data collected on several students indicated that more normal patterns of movement were attained at more rapid rates where students were provided the opportunity to practice the desired movement more frequently. Successful contextual programming depends on accurate and consistent implementation of therapeutic methods by all individuals who come in contact with a student. The therapist must identify the targeted movement pattern, determine appropriate intervention procedures, and train others to implement the procedures accurately. While such an approach shows promise as a means of developing function movement patterns with severely handicapped children, the increased opportunities to practice appropriate movement enhance the effectiveness of direct therapy but do not necessarily replace required individual intervention. PMID- 6237588 TI - Play techniques with neurologically impaired preschoolers. AB - A pilot project was undertaken to study the effect of educational play as an intervention approach. The study was conducted with 14 neurologically impaired, physically handicapped preschool children, parents, community teachers, and developmental center staff. Educational play consisted of art and drama group activities presented according to the normal sequence of play development, from sensorimotor, to symbolic, to sociodramatic play. After a 7-week course of intervention, the children's performance, as measured by items in the Vulpe Assessment Battery, improved in six areas of development. Overall improvement was statistically significant. In addition, participating adults began to value the use of play as an essential component of child development. Results suggest the need for a systematic study of play in intervention with preschool, neurologically impaired, and physically handicapped children. PMID- 6237589 TI - In vivo studies on the carcinogenic potential of an orthodontic bonding resin. AB - Data from another laboratory have indicated that the individual components of an orthodontic bonding resin might contain a carcinogen. Since that report, the formulation of the product was changed. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the new product is safe. Three groups of rats were used for the experiment. One group served as a control, while the other groups ingested the sealant resin or sealant catalyst. The materials were suspended in an alcohol aqueous mixture and the solutions were given to the animals as their only source of fluid. The exposure was for 1 year. After this period of time, all the rats were given tap water and observed until day 600. The animals were autopsied at time of death or at the end of the experiment. During the treatment, there were significant differences (p less than 0.01) in water intake among the three groups. The average intake per day for the animals in the control group, the resin group, and the catalyst group was 50.2 cc, 37.8 cc, and 42.2 cc, respectively. Several animals died during the experiment, but there was no significant differences in the life expectancy of the animals in the three groups. The autopsies uncovered one malignant neoplasm, an undifferentiated sarcoma, in a rat from the control group and four benign tumors in rats from the three groups. All of these results indicate that the new formulation of the orthodontic bonding resin is not carcinogenic when ingested at a dose level of 50 ppm. PMID- 6237590 TI - Complete atrioventricular block in dogs--compensation or decompensation. PMID- 6237591 TI - Dioctophyma-like larval nematode in a subcutaneous nodule from man in Northern Thailand. AB - A nematode in a subcutaneous nodule from the anterior chest of a 12-year-old boy in Northern Thailand was identified as a third-stage larval dioctophymatid, possibly Dioctophyma renale, the second such larva to be reported from man. PMID- 6237592 TI - [Methodological principles and means of conducting primary prevention of disorders of reproductive function in women by mass screening]. PMID- 6237593 TI - [Role of women's outpatient clinics in the prevention of pregnancy and labor complications in anemia]. PMID- 6237595 TI - Measurement of phosphate concentration in the presence of very labile phosphate esters. AB - There are a number of methods available for the measurement of phosphate ion concentration, which may be used when moderately labile phosphate esters such as ATP are present in low concentration. However, the highly acidic conditions usually employed make these unsuitable when very labile esters such as phosphocreatine are present. A method in which the phosphomolybdate complex is developed under mildly acidic conditions, using high molybdate concentrations to counteract the reduced assay sensitivity at high pH, is described. The assay is linear in the range 5-300 microM phosphate, and micromolar concentrations of phosphate can be reliably measured in the presence of millimolar phosphocreatine. PMID- 6237594 TI - A simplified procedure for synthesizing large quantities of highly purified uridine [beta-32P]diphospho-N-acetylglucosamine. AB - A simplified procedure for the synthesis of [beta-32P]UDP-N-acetylglucosamine is described. This novel method utilizes commercially available enzymes, chemical acetylation, and preparative thin-layer chromatography and can be used to synthesize millicurie quantities of the sugar nucleotide at an extremely high specific activity and purity. PMID- 6237596 TI - Proton ATPase of rat liver mitochondria: a rapid procedure for purification of a stable, reconstitutively active F1 preparation using a modified chloroform method. AB - A method is described for the purification of rat liver F1-ATPase by a modification of the chloroform extraction procedure originally described by Beechey et al. (Biochem. J. (1975) 148, 533). Purified liver membrane vesicles are extracted with chloroform in the presence of ATP and EDTA. The procedure yields pure F1 in only 2-3 h without the necessity of ion-exchange chromatography. The enzyme exhibits the alpha, beta, gamma, delta, and epsilon bands characteristic of F1-ATPase. It has a high ATPase specific activity, and is reconstitutively active, catalyzing high rates of ATP synthesis. Significantly, it can be readily crystallized. If desired, the enzyme can be passed over a gel filtration column to place it in a stabilizing phosphate-EDTA buffer, lyophilized and stored indefinitely at -20 degrees C. PMID- 6237597 TI - Quantitation of anthracycline antitumor agent menogarol in plasma using liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. PMID- 6237598 TI - [Embryos from spontaneous abortions with chromosomal aberrations]. AB - 81 embryos from spontaneous abortions were analyzed histologically. In 35 of these cytogenetic analysis was successful and showed 16 embryos with chromosomal aberrations. These cases are described in detail. PMID- 6237600 TI - Hepatitis B vaccine in a hospital. PMID- 6237599 TI - Abdominal wound closure. A comparison of polydioxanone, polypropylene, and Teflon coated braided Dacron sutures. AB - A midline abdominal wound was made in 135 Harlan Sprague-Dawley rats, and the fascia was then closed by the continuous suture technique with 4-0 absorbable monofilament polydioxanone sutures (n = 45 rats), 4-0 permanent monofilament polypropylene sutures (n = 45 rats), or 4-0 Teflon-coated braided Dacron sutures (n = 45 rats). At 1-, 2-, and 6-month intervals, wound-bursting pressures were determined in 15 animals from each group. At 1 month and at 6 months, there was no significant difference in wound-bursting strength among the three types of sutures. At 2 months, wounds closed with Teflon-coated braided Dacron were significantly stronger than wounds closed with the other types of sutures. In most of the braided Dacron suture animals, the fascia burst in areas other than the abdominal wound, indicating that the wound was stronger at that time than was the surrounding fascia. There is no advantage to that added strength, and braided Dacron sutures have been shown to cause greater tissue reaction than monofilament sutures. Therefore, except in patients with poor wound healing who are highly susceptible to dehiscence and in whom permanent low-tissue-reaction sutures may be beneficial, the authors recommend a running suture technique using absorbable monofilament suture, such as polydioxanone, for the routine closure of clean abdominal wounds. PMID- 6237601 TI - [Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. Therapeutic aspects]. AB - This review considers the place of surgery with its two indications: 1) suppression of the target organ of gastrin hypersecretion (total gastrectomy or other surgical procedures on the stomach), 2) radical tumour excision. The authors also discuss the use of anti-secretory drugs currently used in the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome and the respective usefulness of these different techniques in acute and chronic Zollinger-Ellison syndromes. The role of anti tumour chemotherapy is also discussed. PMID- 6237602 TI - The rectus abdominis flap for perineal wounds. AB - The use of an inferiorly based rectus abdominis myocutaneous flap taken through the pelvis is described. It provides rapid healing of large perineal wounds following excision of advanced perineal malignancy or rectal excision in association with radiotherapy. Two cases were completely satisfactory, but the flap was lost in the third case because of delayed venous thrombosis. It is recommended that the rectus muscle below the entry of the inferior epigastric artery is not completely divided to prevent kinking of the vessels. PMID- 6237603 TI - Roles of the specific T-helper signal and the antigen signal in B-cell activation. PMID- 6237604 TI - Induction of B lymphocytes by helper T cells: requirement of direct cell contact. PMID- 6237605 TI - Anti-Ig as a model for MHC-restricted help. PMID- 6237607 TI - Characterization of Bacillus subtilis DSM704 and its production of 1 deoxynojirimycin. AB - A Bacillus subtilis strain, DSM704, was characterized by genetic means, and its production of a human intestinal sucrase inhibitor, 1-deoxynojirimycin, was described. Synthesis of this compound is detected concomitant with the detection of heat-resistant spores. The amount of 1-deoxynojirimycin produced is highly dependent on the carbon source, with growth on substrates metabolized via glycolysis giving the greatest amount of production (up to 1 mg/ml). 1 Deoxynojirimycin appears to be nonmetabolizable by the producing strain in that it cannot serve as a sole carbon or nitrogen source. PMID- 6237606 TI - In vitro activities of teichomycin, fusidic acid, flucloxacillin, fosfomycin, and vancomycin against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. AB - Flucloxacillin, fosfomycin, fusidic acid, teichomycin, and vancomycin were tested against 50 clinical isolates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus by a broth macrodilution technique. Teichomycin had a narrow range of activity, similar to that of vancomycin (0.5 to 2.0 micrograms/ml). Fusidic acid had the lowest range of inhibitory activity, with 50 and 90% MICs of 0.19 and 0.35 micrograms/ml, respectively. Flucloxacillin and fosfomycin showed less activity, with MICs up to 32 micrograms/ml. PMID- 6237608 TI - Pre-steady-state kinetics of beef heart mitochondrial ATPase. AB - The pre-steady-state kinetics of beef heart mitochondrial ATPase (F1) were examined. F1 was found to exhibit hysteretic behavior when hydrolyzing ATP. The hysteretic property was expressed as an activation process which occurred when the enzyme was mixed with its substrate, MgATP. Many catalytic turnovers were required before the activation was complete. The lag in hydrolysis increased hyperbolically as the concentration of enzyme increased. Passage of F1 through Sephadex G25 eliminated the activation process. Several kinetically distinct possibilities for explaining these data, including multiple nucleotide dissociations, enzyme conformational changes, and regulatory site interactions, are discussed. The enzyme was apparently able to recognize nucleotide in a noncatalytic manner, as evidenced by the fact that F1 preincubated with ADP in the absence of substrate achieved partial activation (smaller lag times) before being introduced to substrate. ADP is also a time-dependent inhibitor, exhibiting a slow hysteretic inhibition in addition to immediate competitive inhibition. PMID- 6237609 TI - Heparan sulfate proteoglycans of human neuroblastoma cells: affinity fractionation on columns of platelet factor-4+. AB - Human neuroblastoma cells (Platt) were detached from tissue culture substrata with a Ca2+ chelating agent, and then the suspended cells were extracted with a sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-containing buffer to maximally solubilize their sulfate-radiolabeled proteoglycans. The majority of the high-molecular-weight material in these dissociative extracts was heparan sulfate proteoglycan, which resolves into two heterodisperse size classes upon gel filtration on columns of Sepharose CL4B. After removal of SDS from these extracts by hydrophobic chromatography on Sep-Pak C18 cartridges, extracts were further fractionated on various affinity matrices. All of the sulfate-radiolabeled material eluted as one peak from DEAE-Sephadex ion-exchange columns. In contrast, affinity fractionation on Sepharose columns derivatized with the heparan sulfate-binding protein, platelet factor-4, resolved three major and one minor subsets of these components. The nonbinding fraction contained some heparan sulfate proteoglycan and some chondroitin sulfate. The weak-binding fraction contained principally heparan sulfate proteoglycan, as well as a small amount of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan; the gel-filtration properties of these proteoglycans before or after alkaline borohydride treatment indicated that they were small in size, containing perhaps 2 to 4 glycosaminoglycan chains. The high-affinity fraction eluted from platelet factor 4-Sepharose was composed entirely of "single-chain" heparan sulfate. A portion of the heparan sulfate proteoglycan of the original extract bound to the hydrophobic affinity matrix, octyl-Sepharose, and this hydrophobic proteoglycan partitioned into the nonbinding and weak-binding fractions of the platelet factor 4-Sepharose affinity columns. These studies reveal that the majority of the proteoglycan made by these neuronal cells in culture is of the heparan sulfate class, is small in size when compared to other characterized proteoglycans, and can be resolved into several overlapping subsets when fractionated on affinity matrices. PMID- 6237610 TI - Inhibition of ATPase activity of the recA protein by ATP ribose-modified analogs. AB - The single-stranded, DNA-dependent ATPase activity of purified recA protein was found to be inhibited competitively by ribose-modified analogs of ATP, 3'-O anthraniloyl-ATP (Ant-ATP), and 3'-O-(N-methylanthraniloyl)-ATP (Mant-ATP). The Ki values for Ant-ATP and Mant-ATP were around 7 and 3 microM at pH 7.5, respectively. The inhibitions by these analogs were much stronger than that by ADP, which is also a competitive inhibitor for the ATPase activity of the recA protein. The Ki value for ADP is 76 microM. Ant-ATP and Mant-ATP reduced the Hill coefficient for ATP hydrolysis and thus contributed to the cooperative effect of ATP. PMID- 6237611 TI - In vitro reconstitution of nitrate reductase activity of the Neurospora crassa mutant nit-1: specific incorporation of molybdopterin. AB - The reduced, metal-free pterin of the molybdenum cofactor has been termed molybdopterin. Oxidation of any molybdopterin-containing protein in the presence or absence of iodine yields oxidized molybdopterin derivatives termed Form A and Form B, respectively. Application of these procedures to whole cells and cell extracts has demonstrated the presence of molybdopterin in wild-type Neurospora crassa, and its absence in the cofactor-deficient mutant nit-1. In order to demonstrate that the reconstitution of nitrate reductase activity in nit-1 extracts results from the incorporation of molybdopterin into the apoprotein, active molybdopterin, free of contaminating amino acids or peptides, was isolated from chicken liver sulfite oxidase and used in the reconstitution system. The results show that, during reconstitution, exogenous molybdopterin is specifically incorporated into the nitrate reductase protein, confirming the role of molybdopterin as the organic moiety of the molybdenum cofactor. PMID- 6237612 TI - Siderophore utilization and iron uptake by Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides. AB - The growth of Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides in iron-deficient medium did not result in the production of detectable levels of siderophores of either the catechol or hydroxamate type. Iron-limited cultures of R. sphaeroides were not able to remove iron from ferric transferrin unless supplemented with 2,3 dihydroxybenzoic acid. R. sphaeroides was shown to take up 59Fe+3 when it was supplied as ferric chloride, ferric citrate, or ferric parabactin, but not when supplied as ferric rhodotorulate or ferric Desferal. When iron was supplied as ferric citrate, citrate was not taken up by the cells. The growth rate of R. sphaeroides under iron-limiting conditions was decreased by the addition of either Desferal or rhodotorulic acid, while the addition of citrate or parabactin did not affect growth. PMID- 6237613 TI - [5'-Deoxy-5-fluorouridine enzymatic activation from the masked compound to 5 fluorouracil in human malignant tissues]. AB - It has been reported that 5'-DFUR is converted to 5-FU by uridine phosphorylase in experimental animal tumors. The conversion of thymidine, uridine and 5'-DFUR as substrates was studied in tumor and normal tissues of human and animals. A further series of studies was performed using 1-(2'-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranosyl) thymine (GPT), a specific inhibitor of uridine phosphorylase. We found that this conversion in human tumors was catalyzed not by uridine phosphorylase but by thymidine phosphorylase. It was also confirmed that the enzyme activities in various human cancers were significantly several times higher than those in adjacent normal tissues. We succeeded in tried and isolating thymidine phosphorylase in a fairly pure form, from which enzyme Km values were calculated. After administration of 5'-DFUR intravenously or orally to patents, tissue and blood samples were collected by biopsy or surgical operation to determine the 5 FU level. The 5-FU levels were always higher in tumor tissues than in the blood or in normal tissues. Finally effective clinical efficacy was demonstrated by oral administration of 5'-DFUR. PMID- 6237614 TI - [Measurement of 5'-deoxy-5-fluorouridine (5'-DFUR) by high-performance liquid chromatography and studies on pharmacokinetics of 5'-DFUR and 5-fluorouracil by oral and intravenous administration]. AB - The authors have made clear that 5'-deoxy-5-fluorouridine (5'-DFUR), a derivative of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), is activated by thymidine phosphorylase with has a particularly high activity in human malignant tumors. This derivative therefore, has fewer side-effects and can be expected to produce a greater antitumor effect when administered to cancer patients. Blood levels of 5'-DFUR and 5-FU were then observed with time after oral or intravenous 5'-DFUR administration in order to study its clinical effect. First, a method for measurement of 5'-DFUR and 5-FU was devised using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The results obtained using this method revealed that for intravenous administration both 5' DFUR and 5-FU showed rapid drops in blood level while for oral administration both showed blood level peaks after one hour which were maintained of the same level for two hours, decreasing gradually thereafter. 5-FU showed a blood level peak after one hour, decreasing gradually thereafter. From the above results it was proved that a relatively high percentage of orally administered 5'-DFUR was absorbed from the intestine. PMID- 6237615 TI - Niacinamide and acanthosis nigricans. PMID- 6237616 TI - Neutrophil chemotaxis in patients with acne receiving oral tetracycline therapy. AB - The effect of zymosan-activated serum samples, obtained from patients with acne who were receiving oral tetracycline hydrochloride therapy, on the chemotaxis and random migration of autologous polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNLs) and PMNLs from control donors was assayed in a Sykes-Moore chamber by a double-filter technique. Cells incubated with autologous serum specimens from these patients demonstrated significant suppression of both random migration and chemotaxis, with the greatest effect seen at a dosage of 1 g daily and a significant effect found at all dosage levels. When zymosan-activated serum samples from these patients were assayed with control donor PMNLs, similar inhibitory effects were shown. Assays of control sera and PMNLs from tetracycline-treated patients with acne showed the least degree of inhibition of chemotaxis. Although the mechanism of action is unclear, tetracycline appears to have a direct effect on neutrophil movement. PMID- 6237617 TI - Variant of keratoderma hereditaria mutilans (Vohwinkel's syndrome). Treatment with orally administered isotretinoin. AB - Keratoderma hereditaria mutilans (KHM), or Vohwinkel's syndrome, is a rare genodermatosis consisting of hyperkeratosis of the palms and soles with a characteristic "honeycomb" appearance, keratotic structures taking the shape of a starfish and/or knuckle pads on the dorsal surfaces of the hands, and constricting bands (pseudoainhum) encircling digits of the hands and feet. We describe three cases of a variant of KHM with an associated ichthyosiform dermatosis in a pedigree consisting of 19 affected individuals through six generations. An autosomal dominant inheritance pattern for KHM was confirmed. One of the patients was successfully treated with isotretinoin, 0.6 mg/kg/day orally. We offer five hypothetical genetic models to account for the simultaneous expression of palmar-plantar keratoderma and ichthyosiform dermatosis. PMID- 6237619 TI - Blood flow of morphoea plaques as measured by laser-Doppler flowmetry. AB - Blood flow measurements by laser-Doppler flowmetry were performed on 15 patients with localized scleroderma (morphoea). Thirty morphoea plaques were studied by means of measurements of the sclerotic centre, the perilesional area, and regional control of the normal-appearing skin of the individual patients. Blood flow was increased (P less than 0.01) in the sclerotic area of all patient material and in the 10 patients having one or a few plaques (P less than 0.01). Five patients with generalized morphoea showed the same tendency. Blood flow was also increased in the perilesional area (P less than 0.01) of the total material, and in the patients with one or a few plaques (P less than 0.05), particularly in the case of a 'lilac ring'. 133Xenon washout measurements in 3 patients showed parallel results. The blood flow of plaques with clinically 'advanced' scleroderma was higher (P less than 0.01) as compared to plaques with 'slight' scleroderma. Measurements in pigmented spots after previous morphoea showed normal blood flow. PMID- 6237618 TI - Langerhans cells in various benign and malignant pigment-cell lesions of the skin. AB - We used immunohistochemistry to study Langerhans cells (LCs) and the composition of the dermal inflammatory infiltrate both in normal skin and in biopsies from various benign and malignant pigment-cell lesions. In normal skin and most benign pigment-cell lesions, epidermal LCs are regularly distributed. OKT6-Positive cells outnumber the OKIa-positive cells. The inconspicuous dermal infiltrate studied in these biopsies was composed of helper and suppressor/cytotoxic T cells and some dermal LCs. More epidermal LCs with an abnormal cytologic presentation were found in a halo naevus and in the radial growth part of primary malignant melanomas. This finding was associated with a dermal infiltrate composed of suppressor/cytotoxic T cells, suggesting a defense mechanism of the host towards abnormal melanocytes. Epidermal LCs were rare in the central part of the biopsies which showed a primary malignant melanoma in its vertical growth. A dermal inflammatory infiltrate was absent in that area. These findings are interpreted as the morphologic expression of a damaged immune system. PMID- 6237620 TI - Alteration of rat hepatic plasma membrane functions by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo p-dioxin (TCDD). PMID- 6237622 TI - Surgical treatment of truncus arteriosus in the first 6 months of life. AB - One hundred six infants were seen at the University of California Medical Center between 1974 and 1981 with the diagnosis of truncus arteriosus. One hundred of these underwent physiologic correction prior to 6 months of age. Six infants died prior to operation while undergoing intense medical therapy to improve their basic condition. There were 11 operative deaths with a mortality rate of 11%. Of the 86 long-term survivors, 55 have returned for conduit change because of either body growth or pseudointima proliferation of the conduit. There had been no mortalities at the time of conduit change, and 29 of these were repaired using a straight tube between the ventricle and pulmonary trunk, while 26 had valve conduits placed. Physiologic correction in the first 6 months of life has been accomplished with a low mortality rate and apparent good long-term results with none of the survivors having evidence of elevated pulmonary vascular resistance. PMID- 6237621 TI - Pancreatic islet transplantation. Induction of graft acceptance by ultraviolet irradiation of donor tissue. AB - The effect of ultraviolet (UV) irradiation on the immunogenicity of rat pancreatic islets was examined in allograft and xenograft models. Direct UV irradiation (900 J/m2) of Lewis islets, isolated and hand-picked, does not alter pancreatic islet endocrine function in isograft experiments and results in indefinite islet allograft survival in streptozocin diabetic ACI rats without chronic immunosuppression. Direct UV irradiation, at an appropriate dose, also leads to indefinite islet xenograft survival of Lewis islets in B10-BR diabetic mice and prolonged survival of rat islets in Balb/C mice. When direct UV irradiation of islet allografts did not result in indefinite islet allograft prolongation [Wistar/Furth (W/F) to diabetic Lewis], the addition of brief peritransplant immunosuppression with cyclosporine (days 0, +1, and +2) resulted in permanent acceptance of islet allografts, a result not achieved by cyclosporine alone. The effectiveness of UV irradiation in abrogating islet allograft rejection in several experimental models is supported by in vitro studies showing that UV irradiation of stimulator cells, peripheral blood lymphocytes, splenocytes, and isolated rat dendritic cells abolishes any significant stimulation by such cells of totally histoincompatible thoracic duct responder lymphocytes. In vitro nonreactivity of mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC) with UV-irradiated stimulator cells and in vivo permanent allograft acceptance are reversed by the addition of a small number of untreated donor-type dendritic cells to either the MLC or the recipient bearing the permanent graft. The authors suggest that the primary effect of UV irradiation on immune alteration of islet allografts and xenografts is due to induction of a major metabolic change in the dendritic cells in the graft. This then leads to defective antigen presentation and results in either permanent or prolonged allograft and xenograft acceptance, depending on the degree of MLC stimulation between the islet donor and the diabetic recipient. PMID- 6237623 TI - Low-dose captopril for the treatment of mild to moderate hypertension. I. Results of a 14-week trial. Veterans Administration Cooperative Study Group on Antihypertensive Agents. AB - We randomized 495 men with uncomplicated hypertension (diastolic BP, 92 to 109 mm Hg) to one of five captopril regimens at the following dosages: 12.5 mg three times a day, 25 mg three times a day, 37.5 mg twice daily, 50 mg three times a day, or placebo three times a day. After seven weeks, BP reduction with each captopril dose was greater than in the placebo group, averaging 10.2 to 14.2/8.6 to 10.5 mm Hg. Captopril, 37.5 mg/day, was as effective as 150 mg/day. Hydrochlorothiazide, 25 mg twice daily, was added for seven more weeks to all patients receiving placebo and to two thirds of those randomized to captopril therapy. Blood pressure reduction averaged 12.0/8.7 mm Hg in those receiving hydrochlorothiazide alone and 24.9 to 26.4/14.4 to 17.3 mm Hg in those receiving a combination of hydrochlorothiazide and captopril. Added hydrochlorothiazide greatly enhanced the antihypertensive response. The 15 terminations (4.3%) related to captopril were not life threatening. CONCLUSION: Captopril treatment of uncomplicated hypertension may be initiated with 37.5 mg/day--half the currently recommended dose. PMID- 6237624 TI - [The spatial vectorcardiogram loop. Estimation of its planarity by the calculation of a distortion coefficient. Trial of clinical evaluation]. AB - Automatic techniques for interpreting the electrical activity of the heart are based more and more on vectorcardiographic parameters, especially information provided by the spatial vectorcardiographic loop. This data has been shown to be a useful complement to classical electrocardiography. The aim of this study was to define a method of calculation of the planes of the vectorcardiographic loops of depolarisation and repolarisation, and to calculate a coefficient of left sidedness obtained by the sum of squares of the distances between the points on the loop in the plane. This value is then normalised with respect to the size of the loop. Normal values of this coefficient were first defined in a healthy reference population of 70 subjects: the values are expressed in (MV/10)2 or in mm2, and are 0,28 +/- 0,05 for the QRS and 0,0026 +/- 0,0008 for the ST-T. The coefficient was then calculated in different pathological groups, the diagnosis of which had been formally confirmed: ventricular hypertrophy, valvular heart disease, conduction defects, coronary artery disease. The highest values (four times normal) were obtained in right ventricular hypertrophy, right bundle branch block and infarction associated with conduction defects. The discriminative value of the coefficient of left-sidedness is discussed with the aim of distinguishing the normal from the pathological. PMID- 6237625 TI - [Isthmic coarctation of the aorta: characteristics and results of surgical treatment in subjects surgically-treated after 35 years of age]. AB - From 1965 to 1981, 27 patients over 35 years of age were operated for isthmic coarctation of the aorta. Surgery consisted of resection and direct suture in 16 cases, implantation of a Dacron prosthesis in 7 cases, isthmoplasty in 1 case, aortotomy-graft in 1 case, insertion of a Dacron tube between the left subclavian artery and the descending thoracic aorta in 1 case; finally, one patient presented with a rare form of coarctation in a double aortic arch and was treated by a bypass from the brachiocephalic trunk to the descending thoracic aorta. Ten patients had associated pathology. This was treated at the same time in 4 cases: closed heart mitral commissurotomy, cardiac plexectomy, section-suture of patent ductus arteriosus, and a resection of aneurysms of four intercostal arteries. A Bjork aortic valve prosthesis had been inserted nine months previously in a women with calcific aortic stenosis. There were 2 deaths (7,4%) in the immediate postoperative woman with calcific aortic stenosis. There were 2 deaths (7,4%) in the immediate postoperative period (one acute pulmonary oedema, one pulmonary embolism). There has been no operative mortality in the last 10 years. Twenty three of the 25 survivors have been followed-up for an average period of 91,5 months (range 1 to 18 years). Two patients died of cardiovascular causes. Analysis of these results show: that the mortality rate is not prohibitive compared to that of the natural history of the condition (the average survival rate of unoperated patients is 35 years), good secondary results despite frequent technical difficulties, the possibility of residual hypertension (especially in older patients) which responds well to drug therapy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6237626 TI - [Socio-professional rehabilitation after transluminal coronary angioplasty]. AB - Between April 1980 and October 1982, 109 patients underwent attempted transluminal coronary angioplasty (TCA) with a primary success rate of 71,6% (78 patients). Two patients died of complications of TCA and another one died suddenly 3 months after TCA. The socio-professional rehabilitation of the 106 survivors was studied by questionnaire to which 98 subjects (81 men, 17 women; average age 50,2 +/- 9,2 years) replied. Seventy seven patients were working before their coronary disease and 73 (62 men, 11 women; average age 46,4 +/- 9,1 years) replied to the questionnaire (95%). This constituted the study group, the socio-professional outcome or which was compared to that of 37 active patients who underwent single aorto-coronary bypass surgery during the same period. After TCA, 53 patients (73% returned to work, 48 as full time workers, after an average convalescent period of 4 months. Professional rehabilitation depended mainly on the initial result of TCA: 85% after primary success; 40% after failure (p less than 0,001); in the latter case, the rate of return to work improved if the patients had surgery (58%) rather than medical therapy (125%). Similarly, the average age of re-employed patients was lower (46,1 +/- 7,9 years, compared to 49,3 +/- 6,8 years, p less than 0,05). Finally, the patients returning to work usually claimed to be in good or very good health (72% compared to 30% p less than 001). After single aorto-coronary bypass, only 14 patients (38%) returned to work, 8 full-time, after an average 7 months' convalescence. The duration off work before surgery was related to the incidence of re-employment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6237628 TI - The effect of a proline-rich polypeptide (PRP) on the humoral immune response. II. PRP induces differentiation of helper cells from glass-nonadherent thymocytes (NAT) and suppressor cells from glass-adherent thymocytes (GAT). AB - Normal mice given thymocyte subpopulations preincubated with a proline-rich polypeptide (PRP) and immunized with SRBC show enhanced or suppressed humoral immune response measured by the number of plaque-forming cells (PFC). PRP induces differentiation of cells exhibiting helper or suppressive function from NAT and GAT respectively. Moreover, it was demonstrated that PRP-induced helper cells lost their activity after treatment with anti-Lyt 1,1 and the PRP-induced suppressor cells after treatment with anti-Lyt 2,1 monoclonal antibodies. PMID- 6237627 TI - [Treatment of pituitary nanism: is it necessary to treat adrenal androgen deficiency?]. AB - In 17 hypopituitary prepubescent children (14 males and 3 females), aged 14.5 +/- 2.1 years, treated for more than 2 years with human growth hormone (hGH), with bone ages of 10.4 +/- 1.4 years and plasma dehydroepiandrosterone (DHA and/or DHA S) levels lower than the normal values for bone age, low dose androgen therapy (norethandrolone 0.25 mg/kg/day 2 of 3 months) was added to the previous treatment. The speed of growth doubled during the first six months of associated treatment. For 15 patients so treated for one year,the height gain was 7.5 +/- 1.56 cm versus 4.47 +/- 1.2 cm the preceding year. During this first year of treatment, bone age, on an average, progressed less quickly than height. The combination of hGH and low grade androgenic steroid therapy allows for the acceleration of the growth in height without increasing the doses of hGH. A prolonged controlled trial of this therapy in hypopituitary prepubescent children with bone age of at least 8 years and known deficiency of androgenic secretion by the adrenal glands is suggested. PMID- 6237629 TI - Computer-aided communication device for a child with cerebral palsy. AB - This paper describes a portable computer-aided communication device designed for a 13-year-old child with athetoid cerebral palsy. The device was intended to provide vocal output, hard-copy, correctable display, word storage capabilities, and utilize currently available technology. The design incorporated the Epson HX 20 computer, the Votrax Type 'N Talk speech synthesizer, and a customized laptray. PMID- 6237630 TI - [Contribution of A. G. Knorre to the development of modern embryology]. PMID- 6237631 TI - [50th anniversary of the Department of Human Anatomy of the Vitebsk Medical Institute]. PMID- 6237632 TI - Frontal and orbital bone infarctions causing periorbital swelling in patients with sickle cell anemia. AB - Two cases of unilateral and bilateral periorbital hematomas occurred in patients with sickle cell anemia. The cause of periorbital swelling in these cases was found to be orbital and frontal bone infarctions, respectively, diagnosed by technetium Tc 99m medronate bone scintigraphy. To our knowledge, periorbital bone infarction, as a part of the differential diagnosis of periorbital hematoma and as part of the possible ocular manifestations in patients with sickle cell anemia, has not previously been described. PMID- 6237633 TI - Lymphokine production and lymphocyte subpopulations in patients with head and neck squamous carcinoma. AB - Prior studies of impaired cellular immune reactivity in patients with head and neck squamous carcinoma (HNSC) suggest that immune deficiency associated with tumor growth may be related, in part, to alterations in immunoregulatory functions. To determine if production of soluble mediators of the immune response (lymphokines) is impaired in patients with HNSC, leukocyte migration inhibition in response to phytohemagglutinin was assessed in 32 patients with HNSC and 29 normal subjects and was correlated with levels of specific peripheral blood lymphocyte subpopulations to determine if quantitative levels of immunoregulatory lymphocyte subpopulations were related to in vitro lymphokine production. In the patients with cancer, leukocyte inhibitory factor production was consistently and significantly impaired and was directly related to levels of T4-positive (helper/inducer) lymphocytes. Substantial differences in levels of individual subpopulations were not detected among normal subjects and patients with cancer; however, the mean T4/T8 ratio was substantially increased in the patients with cancer. The findings confirm and extend prior observations of impaired cellular immune mechanisms in patients with HNSC and suggest that impaired lymphokine production may be related to quantitative and qualitative alterations in lymphocyte subpopulations. PMID- 6237634 TI - Nursing care of the patient receiving urodynamic testing. PMID- 6237635 TI - What are urodynamic studies and why do you need them? PMID- 6237637 TI - Clinical urodynamic techniques for assessment of lower urinary tract obstruction. PMID- 6237636 TI - Malpractice: a question of judgement. PMID- 6237638 TI - Doppler testing as an important conservation measure in the treatment of varicose veins. AB - While it is rational to ligate incompetent proximal saphenous valves, when treating varicose veins, it is hard to justify ligation if they are competent. Accurate diagnosis of competence by clinical tests have proved less than satisfactory. Doppler testing, with a simple blood flow indicator, is suggested as a sound basis on which to make decisions regarding 'selective ligations' of incompetent proximal valves. PMID- 6237639 TI - Myocardial morphology and blood flow distribution in chronic volume-overload hypertrophy in dogs. AB - In this study we investigated myocardial structural alterations and regional myocardial blood flow in chronic volume-overload induced left ventricular hypertrophy in the dog. Moderate hypertrophy (28%) was produced by inserting a shunt between the left subclavian artery and the left atrial appendage in 7 dogs (LVH), while a sham operation was performed on 5 control dogs (C). At a paced heart rate of 100 beats/min there were no differences in blood-flow distribution to the subendocardium (ENDO) mid-myocardium (MYO) or subepicardium (EPI) or in ENDO/EPI ratios between the two groups of dogs. Following adenosine-induced coronary vasodilatation (1 mg/kg/min), there was a relative shift in blood flow away from the ENDO in the LVH dogs so that the ENDO/EPI ratio was reduced. Analysis of the microvascular bed and myocyte cross-sectional area in the same three regions of interest revealed a significant reduction in capillary density in the ENDO region of the hypertrophied hearts when compared to controls (LVH = 2463 +/- 10, C = 2773 +/- 75 caps/mm2) and a corresponding increase in myocardial cell cross-sectional area (LVH = 262 +/- 10, C = 233 +/- 36 microns 2). The reduction in capillary density in LVH may be explained on the basis of increased muscle growth without appropriate capillary proliferation indicating an inadequate neovascular response to this form of overload. The results also indicate that blood-flow distribution abnormalities may not be detected at resting flow with moderate LVH produced by volume overload. PMID- 6237642 TI - [Incidence of backache in bus drivers]. PMID- 6237640 TI - Cell size and capillary supply of the hypertensive rat heart: quantitative study. AB - Cardiac mass, cell size and capillary supply were studied in the hearts of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and compared to genetically similar non hypertensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) of three adult ages: 5, 15 and 23 months. The left ventricular weight of SHR was not significantly greater than that of WKY at 5 months, but was by 15 months and became even more so by 23 months. This increase could be attributed to hypertrophy of the individual cardiac muscle cells and therefore, the estimated total number of myocytes per left ventricle was essentially the same in all experimental groups. Various indices of the myocardial capillary supply were also investigated. Cardiac hypertrophy in older hypertensive rats was characterized by greater and more variable intercapillary spacing, which may have importance in myocardial oxygen supply. PMID- 6237641 TI - Reduced number of digitalis receptor sites in the hypertrophied pig myocardium. AB - Left ventricular hypertrophy was established in young pigs (35-40 kg) after 4 weeks of supravalvular aortic stenosis. Isolated sarcolemmal membrane fraction was characterized for specific 3H-ouabain binding. Analysis revealed a single class of receptor sites of 5.7 p moles/mg protein and a dissociation constant (Kd) of the order of 6.25 X 10(-8) M. Measurement of specific 3H-ouabain binding with sarcolemmal fraction isolated from hypertrophied heart revealed a 26% reduction of digitalis receptor after 4 weeks of aortic stenosis, without any significant change in the affinity of receptor sites. This change in the number of digitalis receptors was maintained between 4 and 8 weeks of aortic stenosis and may be an important adaptive mechanism. PMID- 6237643 TI - Co-operation between plasmin and elastase in elastin degradation by intact murine macrophages. AB - Intact, thioglycollate-stimulated murine macrophages cultured on an insoluble [3H]-elastin substratum progressively hydrolysed the elastin. Cell lysates had little activity. We compared the effect of various proteinase inhibitors on elastinolysis by either live cells or cell-free, elastase-rich conditioned medium. Only known inhibitors of macrophage elastase blocked the activity of elastase-rich cell-conditioned medium whereas inhibitors of cathepsin B also suppressed intact cell activity. Serum proteinase inhibitors blocked cell-derived soluble elastase activity but not intact cell elastolytic activity. We also observed that plasminogen added to the cell cultures markedly increased elastinolysis by live macrophages or cell-free elastase-rich medium. Purified plasmin alone had no measurable effect on native elastin. Additional experiments indicated that the plasmin enhancement was due to elastin-dependent activation of latent macrophage elastase. These results indicate that live macrophage elastinolysis is a co-operative process involving multiple proteinases, especially a cysteine proteinase(s) and elastase. Plasmin may be a physiological activator of latent macrophage elastase. PMID- 6237644 TI - Characteristics of n-octyl beta-D-thioglucopyranoside, a new non-ionic detergent useful for membrane biochemistry. AB - n-Octyl beta-D-thioglucopyranoside, a new non-ionic detergent, was synthesized. Properties, and applicability to membrane proteins, of this detergent were investigated. The detergent was easily removed by dialysis. The solubilizing power of this detergent for Escherichia coli membrane proteins was similar to that of n-octyl beta-D-glucopyranoside, which has been widely used in membrane biochemistry. No inactivation of proteins was observed after the solubilization. n-Octyl beta-D-thioglucopyranoside was superior to n-octyl beta-D-glucopyranoside in that it was much more stable and could be synthesized at much lower cost. PMID- 6237645 TI - Interaction of Cibacron blue F3G-A with yeast phosphofructokinase. AB - The binding of Cibacron blue F3G-A to yeast phosphofructokinase was investigated by means of ultracentrifugation. Four moles of Cibacron blue are tightly bound per subunit of phosphofructokinase (dissociation constant = 0.26 microM). This stoichiometry does not correspond to the stoichiometry of ATP binding to yeast phosphofructokinase (two moles of ATP per subunit). Moreover, 32 moles of the dye are bound per subunit of phosphofructokinase to a second class of binding sites with low affinity (dissociation constant = = 53 microM). The action of Cibacron blue on yeast phosphofructokinase cannot be explained completely in terms of its function as ATP analogue. PMID- 6237646 TI - Cooperation of fructose-2,6-bisphosphate and AMP in the activation of yeast phosphofructokinase. AB - Yeast phosphofructokinase is effectively activated by AMP and fructose-2,6 bisphosphate. Both effectors influence the sensitivity of the enzyme with respect to fructose-6-phosphate and increase the respective maximum activities. The dependence of phosphofructokinase activity on the concentration of fructose-2,6 bisphosphate was measured at different AMP concentrations and vice versa. By AMP the half activation constant for fructose-2,6-bisphosphate is decreased by one order of magnitude. The affinity to AMP is significantly increased by fructose 2,6-bisphosphate. AMP increases the maximum activity of the enzyme with respect to fructose-2,6-bisphosphate only slightly, while the maximum activity with respect to AMP is drastically increased by fructose-2,6-bisphosphate. The interaction of the two activators is most pronounced at low levels of fructose-6 phosphate and at high concentrations of ATP. PMID- 6237647 TI - IgG receptor expression during in vitro ageing of erythrocytes. AB - The IgG receptor expression on the membrane of the erythrocytes (RBC) during in vitro ageing was tested by means of a macrophage-RBC-endocytosis technique. The objects were: NaF-treated, glucose-free incubated and vesiculating RBC. The experiments show that unmasking of IgG receptor sites can be attributed to membrane conformational changes caused by ATP depletion of the cells. Vesiculation processes and (endogenous) enzymatically produced breakdown of glycoocalyx components are probably not related to increased IgG binding of aged RBC. PMID- 6237648 TI - A basal unit of valine-sensitive acetolactate synthase of Neurospora crassa. AB - Valine-sensitivity as well as activity of acetolactate synthase of Neurospora crassa was stabilized with 1.2 M potassium phosphate buffer during extraction from mitochondria and early stages of purification, and with 20% glycerol plus 5 mM sodium pyruvate during Sephadex G200 gel chromatography. The enzyme was expressed as four molecular species having the molecular weights of about 500,000, 140,000, 68,000 and 51,000, respectively. The first and the third species showed valine-sensitivity, but the second and the fourth did not. The third molecular species with a molecular weight of 68,000 may be the basal unit of valine-sensitive acetolactate synthase of Neurospora crassa. PMID- 6237649 TI - Nicotinamide and other inhibitors of ADP-ribosylation block deoxyglucose uptake in cultured cells. AB - Nicotinamide was shown to inhibit deoxyglucose uptake in three diverse differentiated cell lines. In 3T3-L1 fat cells, nicotinamide equally inhibited basal and insulin stimulated deoxyglucose uptake. Inhibition by nicotinamide was non-competitive. A variety of inhibitors of ADP-ribosylation blocked deoxyglucose uptake while some analogs with no activity against ADP-ribose synthetase also had little effect on deoxyglucose uptake. These findings should be taken into account when inhibitors of ADP-ribosylation are used with intact cells. PMID- 6237650 TI - Identification of an essential lysine residue in the beta subunit of the F1 ATPase from the thermophilic bacterium, PS3, using 7-chloro-4 nitro[14C]benzofurazan. AB - When the F1-ATPase from the thermophilic bacterium, PS3, was inactivated by 90% with 7-chloro-4-nitro[14C]benzofurazan ([14C]Nbf-Cl) at pH 7.3 and then gel filtered, 1.25 mols of [14C]Nbf-O-Tyr and less than 0.1 mol of Nbf-N-Lys were formed per mol of enzyme. After adjusting the pH of the gel-filtered, modified enzyme to 9.0 and incubating it for 14 hrs. at 23 degrees C to promote O----N migration, 0.68 mol of Nbf-N-Lys were formed per mol of enzyme while about 16% of the original activity reappeared. Isolation of the subunits after the O----N migration showed that 90% of the incorporated 14C was present in the beta subunit, which contained 0.21 mols of [14C]Nbf-N-Lys per mol. A tryptic peptide which contained the majority of the 14C incorporated into the beta subunit was isolated and subjected to automatic amino acid sequence analysis contained 38 residues. The amino acid sequence immediately around the lysine residue labeled with [14C]Nbf-, K*, was found to be: ...I-G-L-F-G-G-A-G-V-G-K*-T-V-L-I-G... . PMID- 6237651 TI - Response of soluble and membrane-bound F1 ATPase of Rhodospirillum rubrum to the photoaffinity label 8-azido ATP. AB - Soluble ATPase (F1 ATPase) and membrane-bound ATPase (chromatophores) of Rhodospirillum rubrum have been photoaffinity labeled with 8-azidoadenosine 5' triphosphate (8-N3ATP). The specific binding of 8-N3ATP to nucleotide binding sites of the chromatophore-bound enzyme is established by competition experiments and it is suggested that hydrolysis and phosphorylation involve the same nucleotide binding sites. The experimental results also indicate that the function of the coupling factor F1 is influenced by its environment. PMID- 6237652 TI - Histones H3 and H2a are homologous to the lambda repressor and cro proteins in 22 residue segments implicated in DNA binding. AB - The histones H3 and H2a from calf thymus are homologous to the repressor and cro repressor proteins of bacteriophage lambda in a 22-residue segment that has been implicated by mutational and model-building studies in DNA binding. In the lambda proteins this segment is folded into a helix-turn-helix unit of supersecondary structure, and we propose that the homologous regions in the histones possess the same fold. Homology was quantified with a unified procedure based on criteria of identity of key residues, primary structural homology and similarity of secondary structural potential. It has previously been shown that a set of other prokaryotic DNA-binding proteins have primary structural homology with the two lambda proteins. Homologies detected between the histones H4 and H2b and members of this set suggest that these histones also contain the putative DNA-binding fold. PMID- 6237653 TI - Affinity of 18,19-dihydroxydeoxycorticosterone and 18-hydroxy-19-nor deoxycorticosterone to aldosterone receptor and their mineralocorticoid activity. AB - Affinity of 18,19-dihydroxydeoxycorticosterone (18,19-diOH-DOC) and 18-hydroxy-19 nor-deoxycorticosterone (18-OH-19-nor-DOC) to aldosterone receptor and their mineralocorticoid activity were evaluated. 18,19-DiOH-DOC (1 X 10(-6) M) did not show appreciable binding to the receptor and its relative potency as a mineralocorticoid was estimated to be less than 1/8,000 of that of deoxycorticosterone (DOC). 18-OH-19-nor-DOC bound to the receptor with an affinity similar to that of 18-hydroxydeoxycorticosterone (18-OH-DOC) or spironolactone. Its sodium retaining activity was 0.04 times as great as that of DOC and similar to that of 18-OH-DOC. PMID- 6237654 TI - Influence of 2-mercaptopropionylglycine on DMBA-induced biochemical changes in regenerating mouse liver: I. Key enzymes of glycolysis and lactate dehydrogenase. AB - When the chemical carcinogen, DMBA, is administered by intragastric intubation to young adult female mice already subjected to partial hepatectomy, the glycolytic key enzymes (hexokinases, phosphofructokinase, pyruvate kinase) and lactate dehydrogenase show declined levels in the regenerating liver. But concomitant administration of MPG, a hepatotropic detoxicant, with DMBA either nullifies or minimizes the effect of the carcinogen on these enzymes. PMID- 6237655 TI - Interference by ATPase in the assay of rat heart phosphofructokinase. AB - A high molecular-weight protein was found in heart extracts which, in the assay for phosphofructokinase, artificially activated the enzyme. The protein could be removed by gel-exclusion chromatography or high-speed centrifugation. The mechanism of activation appeared to be due to the hydrolysis of ATP to ADP, AMP and inorganic phosphate which was inhibited by Mn2+. Phosphofructokinase is thus activated by the production of activators and by the lowered inhibitory concentration of ATP. Since the adrenergic/Ca2+-activated form of the enzyme is the more sensitive to activators, the difference between the two forms of phosphofructokinase is amplified in the presence of the ATPase and diminished upon its removal or its inhibition by Mn2+. The Mn2+-sensitive ATPase appears to play no part in the adrenergic/Ca2+-mediated control of cardiac phosphofructokinase or the interconverting reactions. PMID- 6237656 TI - Role of intracellular dTTP levels in fluorodeoxyuridine toxicity. PMID- 6237657 TI - [Statistical study of the nucleotide sequence of a prokaryotic promoter. Structural elements determining the efficacy of the transcription initiation stages]. AB - Nucleotide sequences of 188 promoter-containing DNA regions have been studied by the computer statistic analysis. Undecanucleotide NTT(G/C)TTGACA(A/T) or (G/C) X TT(G/C)A(G/C)A(A/T)TT(G/T) (recognition site) and heptanucleotide RTATATR or TATAATR (initiation site) separated by 12-19 base pairs are characteristic of a "generalized" promoter structure. Promoters can function if a minimal level of correspondence for their recognition and initiation sites to a generalized structure is attained (the correspondence function value for the whole structure is not lower than 0,61; for the most effective promoters it may be equal to 1). The transcription start is situated 3-9 base pairs after initiation site, 4-7 pairs distance being the most effective. Transcription can start from any nucleotide, preferably with A or G. The start from A is the most effective if it is contained within the CAC or CAT trinucleotides. The promoter efficiency is enhanced by some additional structural factors: the presence of an extended A-T rich region directly before the recognition site; availability of integral promoter structures or several RNA polymerase binding sites in the preceding nucleotide sequence. A characteristic feature of the promoter is the presence of either the dyadic axial symmetry elements in the initiation and recognition sites as well as in the intermediate region, or the A-T rich area in the latter. PMID- 6237658 TI - [Structure of a recombination site in the transducing bacteriophage lambda plac5 DNA]. AB - A recombination site in the transducing bacteriophage lambda plac5 DNA has been structurally elucidated. Comparison of primary structures of E. coli lac-operon (distal end of lacZ gene, Z-Y spacer, and proximal end of lacY gene) described earlier with corresponding segments of bacteriophages lambda CI857 and lambda plac 5-2 DNAs sequenced in this paper showed that the bacterial DNA insert ends immediately after Z-Y spacer, just before the initiating triplet ATG of lacY gene. It thus follows that in contrast to the earlier conception, the insert does not seem to include any part of lacY gene. The recombination sites in both phage and bacterial DNA contain structurally homological segments about 20 b. p. long (crossover region), with two extra basepairs in the bacterial DNA (AT in the sense-strand). We suppose that the very dinucleotide plays a substantial role in initiation of recombinational event: causing formation of a nonperfect heteroduplex structure, it determines the T-A internucleotide bond to be endonucleolytically cut (crossover point) followed by exonucleolytic elimination of the extra links (AT) and reciprocal strand exchange. The second recombination site in lambda plac5 DNA has been localized by us within lacI gene as being close to the HindII site (nucleotides 854 to 859 of the gene). The structures of the two regions of site-specific recombination may shed light upon mechanisms of the phage abnormal excision leading to formation of transducing phages. PMID- 6237659 TI - [Primary structure of the dicyclohexylcarbodiimide-binding subunit of Streptococcus faecalis H+-ATPase]. AB - The complete amino acid sequence of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC)-binding subunit of proton adenosine triphosphatase from glycolysing bacteria Streptococcus faecalis was established. Isolation of the protein from subbacterial particles was carried out by using extraction with a chloroform/methanol mixture and following gel-filtration on Sephadex LH-60 and Bio-gel P-30. To establish the primary structure, use was made of cyanogen bromide and hydroxylamine cleavages, trypsin and partial acid hydrolyses. Separation of the peptide fragments obtained from cyanogen bromide and hydroxylamine cleavages and partial acid hydrolysis was performed by gel filtration on Bio-gel P-10 and reversed-phase HPLC. Peptide structures were determined mainly with the aid of 4-N,N-dimethylaminoazobenzene-4' isothiocyanate. The polypeptide chain of the protein consists of 71 amino acid residues (mol. wt. 7291). The primary structure of the protein from S. faecalis shares all common features of the structural organization of other H+-ATPase DCC binding subunits and shows a high degree of homology with the corresponding subunit of thermophilic bacterium PS-3. Inactivation of H+-ATPase with DCC was due to modification of Glu54 of the polypeptide chain. PMID- 6237660 TI - Thalidomide. A promising new treatment for rheumatoid arthritis. AB - In an open study, oral administration of thalidomide to 7 female patients with classic or definite rheumatoid arthritis, in doses ranging from 6.9 to 15 mg/kg/day, led to clinical improvement within several weeks. In 4 women, remission lasted long after discontinuation of the drug. All patients showed normalization or marked reduction of the erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and several showed a significant decrease in rheumatoid factor titer. Adverse side effects included drowsiness, constipation, and edema of the lower limbs, which disappeared after discontinuation of the drug. PMID- 6237661 TI - [Epidemiological study on the etiology of mental retardation]. PMID- 6237662 TI - Gynaecological laparoscopy: clinical experiences of two anaesthetic techniques. AB - Two anaesthetic techniques were assessed in 120 fit young women having non emergency gynaecologial laparoscopy as in-patients. One group breathed halothane spontaneously via a face mask, and the second group were given neuromuscular blocking drugs and ventilation was controlled. There was no significant difference in intraoperative anaesthetic or surgical complications between the two groups although morbidity was greater in the intubated group when assessed 4 h after surgery. After 24 h there was no difference in postoperative morbidity. In an appendix to the study, 40 day-stay patients having the same operation under similar conditions were reviewed. After 24 h abdominal pain, lethargy and weakness were still present; 30% of the patients stated that they would prefer to be admitted overnight for a similar procedure in the future. PMID- 6237663 TI - Cardiac arrhythmias during anaesthesia for laparoscopy. AB - Fifty-six patients undergoing elective laparoscopy were allocated randomly to two groups. Group H received alcuronium and were ventilated artificially using 0.5% halothane and nitrous oxide in oxygen. Group E breathed spontaneously a mixture of enflurane and nitrous oxide in oxygen. Arterial pressure, heart rate, tidal volume, respiratory rate and end-tidal carbon dioxide tension (PECO2) were monitored. The electrocardiogram (ECG) was recorded continuously using magnetic tape, from before induction until the patient left the recovery area. The incidence of arrhythmias was similar in the two groups. No arrhythmias occurred after the insufflated carbon dioxide had been removed from the abdomen. Spontaneous ventilation with enflurane anaesthesia is a simple and safe, technique for routine laparoscopy, providing the intra-abdominal pressure does not exceed 25 mm Hg. PMID- 6237666 TI - The plain man's guide to research. The philosophy. PMID- 6237665 TI - Metronidazole suspension applied topically for rosacea. PMID- 6237664 TI - In vitro modulation of human natural killer cell activity by interferon: generation of adherent suppressor cells. AB - The in vivo and in vitro effects of human alpha-interferon (IFN) on blood natural killer (NK) cell activity were studied in patients with malignant melanoma. The initial response to an i.m. injection of IFN was a depression of blood NK cell activity, being detectable at 4 h and reaching a nadir at 12 h. Blood NK cell activity returned to or exceeded pretreatment levels within 24 h. The frequency of large granular lymphocytes among peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL), however, remained unchanged during the first 24 h of IFN treatment. In a single cell cytotoxicity assay in agarose the number of lymphocytes forming conjugates with K562 target cells was not affected at 12-h points of IFN treatment, while the frequency of lytic conjugates with dead target cells was decreased by 12 h. Thus, the number of active NK cells was reduced by IFN administration. While in vitro exposure to IFN resulted in an augmentation of NK cell activity of PBL from untreated patients, IFN failed to enhance the activity of PBL obtained 12 h post IFN injection. When PBL obtained 12 h after IFN injection were cultured overnight, they recovered their responsiveness to NK-boosting effects of IFN. Blood monocytes obtained at 12-h points from IFN-treated patients suppressed IFN induced enhancement of NK cell activity, although these monocytes did not inhibit the base line level of NK cell activity. In contrast, the streptococcal preparation OK432 was able to augment NK cell activity of PBL obtained 12 h post IFN administration and of control PBL even in the presence of suppressor monocytes. PBL obtained 24 h post IFN injection expressing enhanced NK cell activity were also unresponsive to IFN in vitro. However, monocytes obtained 24 h after IFN injection were no longer able to inhibit IFN-induced augmentation of NK cell activity. These results indicate that in vivo administration of IFN-alpha to cancer patients results in rapid and transient generation of suppressor monocytes capable of inhibiting IFN-dependent development of functional NK cell activity, which could be responsible for the initial and transient decline in blood NK cell activity. PMID- 6237667 TI - The plain man's guide to research. The design. PMID- 6237668 TI - The plain man's guide to research. The mathematics. PMID- 6237669 TI - The plain man's guide to research. The money. PMID- 6237671 TI - Animal research: the law and ethics. PMID- 6237670 TI - Animal research: the experimental model. PMID- 6237672 TI - Clinical research: the method. PMID- 6237673 TI - Clinical research: the drug trial. PMID- 6237674 TI - The plain man's guide to research. Written presentation of results. PMID- 6237675 TI - The plain man's guide to research. Oral presentation of results. PMID- 6237676 TI - Peripheral keratosis of oral mucosal ulcers: a clinical sign of non-neoplastic disease. AB - The clinical sign of a 'halo-like' white border to an ulcer of the oral mucosa is discussed and the pertinent histopathology described. The term 'peripheral keratosis' has been applied to this appearance which can be useful in the initial clinical assessment of an oral mucosal ulcer. PMID- 6237677 TI - Clinical and laboratory procedures for the production of a retentive silicone rubber obturator for the maxillectomy patient. AB - A technique is described for the construction of a retentive silicone rubber obturator for the maxillectomy patient. Retention of the denture to the obturator is achieved using a cobalt-samarium magnet. PMID- 6237678 TI - Nubbed steel wire for simplified techniques in osteosuturing. PMID- 6237679 TI - Cross-linking agents induce rapid calcium release from skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum. AB - The passive permeability of skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles to Ca2+ ions is drastically increased upon addition of the oxidizing agent cupric phenanthroline. The permeability change, which occurs very rapidly, is partially reversed by reducing agents and cannot be explained by a direct effect of cupric phenanthroline on the lipid moiety of the membranes. The rapid efflux phenomenon is due to protein cross-linking induced by the cupric phenanthroline catalyzed oxidation of SH groups to disulfide bridges. Similar effects are also induced by cross-linking sarcoplasmic reticulum proteins with dithiodipropionic acid disuccinimido ester. The rapid Ca2+ efflux is inhibited by micromolar concentrations of lanthanum and by labeling the Ca2+-ATPase with dicyclohexylcarbodiimide. These observations suggest that Ca2+ channels are formed by chemical modification of the ATPase. The Ca2+ permeability rate of sarcoplasmic reticulum obtained after cross-linking is compatible with the requirements of Ca2+ release in vivo. The possibility that Ca2+-ATPase oligomers might mediate the release process is discussed. PMID- 6237680 TI - Characterization of the properties of ethenoadenosine nucleotides bound or trapped at the active site of myosin subfragment 1. AB - The fluorescent nucleotide analogue of ADP, 1,N6-ethenoadenosine diphosphate (epsilon ADP), has been used to probe the active site of myosin subfragment 1 (SF1). The Mg complex of ADP was shown to be trapped stoichiometrically at the active site by a variety of thiol cross-linking agents having sulfur to sulfur spanning lengths of 2-14 A. Previous studies [Wells, J. A., & Yount, R. G. (1979) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 76, 4966-4970] had suggested ADP was trapped by direct closure of a postulated active site cleft by cross-linking two activity critical thiols, SH1 and SH2. This model was tested by measuring the polarization of trapped and reversibly bound epsilon ADP, the off-rate of trapped epsilon ADP, and the solute quencher accessibility of trapped epsilon ADP on SF1 modified with thiol cross-linking agents of different spanning lengths. The lack of correlation of all of these properties with the length of the cross-linking span suggests that trapping occurs by indirect stabilization of a conformation favoring bound nucleotides rather than by sterically preventing the release of nucleotide. Measurement of the fluorescent properties of epsilon ADP bound to SF1 vs. epsilon ADP free gave a 20% increase in emission intensity, a 7-nm blue shift in the emission maximum, and a 70% increase in the absorbance at the excitation wavelength (330 nm). Trapping of epsilon ADP by the thiol cross-linking agent p phenylenedimaleimide gave a further 24% increase in emission intensity. This change was shown to be the result of an increase in absorbance of trapped epsilon ADP at 330 nm rather than an increase in the quantum yield.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6237681 TI - Anthracenyl crown ethers and cryptands as fluorescent probes for solid-phase transitions of phosphatidylcholines: syntheses and phospholipid membrane studies. AB - Three structurally related crown compounds and cryptands have been synthesized that differ by the number and linkage of coronand units and anthracene moieties. The interaction of the fluorescent dyes with sonicated dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) vesicles is characterized by the relative quantum yields, uptake kinetics, binding curves, lifetimes, fluorescence titrations with water- and lipid-soluble quenching agents, fluorescence anisotropy, and equilibrium cooling curves. The most lipophilic compound II, which displays a similar quantum yield as the parent fluorophore 9,10 dimethylanthracene, shows a nearly equal distribution between solid and fluid lipid and is located at the bilayer surface. The least lipophilic compound IV is excluded from the hydrocarbon phase. The anthracenophane cryptand III preferentially partitions into solid-phase lecithins with the highest affinity for the phases L epsilon and L beta. The binding constant to DMPC amounts to (5.4 +/- 1.3) X 10(2) M-1 at 0 degrees C. From fluorescence quenching titrations it is concluded that the average position of the anthracenoyl dye III discontinuously shifts during the gel to liquid crystalline transition from the glycerol backbone to the choline head group. Electron microscopy and NMR experiments revealed that the anthracenophane induces in the liquid crystalline phase the fusion of small unilamellar DMPC vesicles to unilamellar medium-sized vesicles and macrovesicles, which subsequently fuse at the transition temperature to large multilamellar coacervates. Due to its large change of fluorescence intensity, the anthracenophane cryptand is a very sensitive probe for the detection of the pretransition of symmetrically substituted and of the subtransition of asymmetrically substituted phosphatidylcholines.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6237682 TI - Modification of the F0 portion of the H+-translocating adenosinetriphosphatase complex of Escherichia coli by the water-soluble carbodiimide 1-ethyl-3-[3 (dimethylamino)propyl]carbodiimide and effect on the proton channeling function. AB - 1-Ethyl-3-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]carbodiimide (EDC), a water-soluble carbodiimide, inhibited ECF1-F0 ATPase activity and proton translocation through F0 when reacted with Escherichia coli membrane vesicles. The site of modification was found to be in subunit c of the F0 portion of the enzyme but did not involve Asp-61, the site labeled by the hydrophobic carbodiimide dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCCD). EDC was not covalently incorporated into subunit c in contrast to DCCD. Instead, EDC promoted a cross-link between the C-terminal carboxyl group (Ala-79) and a near-neighbor phosphatidylethanolamine as evidenced by fragmentation of subunit c with cyanogen bromide followed by high-pressure liquid chromatography and thin-layer chromatography. PMID- 6237683 TI - Inhibition of the adenosinetriphosphatase activity of Escherichia coli F1 by the water-soluble carbodiimide 1-ethyl-3-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]carbodiimide is due to modification of several carboxyls in the beta subunit. AB - Reaction of the ATPase of Escherichia coli (ECF1) with 1-ethyl-3-[3 (dimethylamino)propyl]carbodiimide (EDC) resulted in a time- and concentration dependent inhibition of ATPase activity. The inactivation was greatly reduced by Mg2+ ions. Close to 13 mol of EDC per mol of ECF1 was incorporated into the enzyme at 95% inhibition of ATPase activity. Two-thirds of the label was found to be associated with subunit beta with a stoichiometry of about 3 mol of EDC per mol of beta. Cleavage of EDC-modified subunit beta with cyanogen bromide and fractionation of the peptides by high-pressure liquid chromatography revealed a short segment of 33 amino acids (CB8, residues 162-194) containing 3 mol of EDC per mol of peptide. In tryptic peptide maps, two EDC-labeled fragments could be identified (T18, residues 166-183, and T20, residues 186-202). The analyses were complicated by significant internal cross-linking within the beta subunit induced by EDC. The results show that EDC modifies multiple sites in a short segment of subunit beta which includes the glutamic acids modified by dicyclohexylcarbodiimide in F1 from both E. coli and PS3. In addition to covalent modification, EDC also promoted the formation of intersubunit cross-links. The predominant cross-linked product was identified as a beta-epsilon complex by antibody binding experiments. PMID- 6237684 TI - Interconversion of high and low adenosinetriphosphatase activity forms of Escherichia coli F1 by the detergent lauryldimethylamine oxide. AB - The amphipathic detergent lauryldimethylamine oxide (LDAO) stimulated ATP hydrolytic activity of Escherichia coli membranes and isolated ECF1 and ECF1-F0 ATPase complexes in a concentration-dependent manner. The enzyme was maximally activated 3-fold in membranes and 5-6-fold for isolated ECF1 or the ECF1-F0 complex. The maximal specific activity of activated ECF1 was 140-160 mumol of ATP hydrolyzed min-1 mg-1. The activation by LDAO was reversible. LDAO specifically released subunit delta from ECF1, generating a four subunit enzyme (alpha, beta, gamma, and epsilon subunits). The removal of subunit delta was not responsible for the stimulation of ATPase activity as evidenced by the full activation of the four subunit enzyme by LDAO. Treatment of ECF1 with 1-ethyl-3-[3 (dimethylamino)propyl]carbodiimide generated a beta-epsilon cross-link in high yield [Lotscher, H.R., DeJong, C., & Capaldi, R. A. (1984) Biochemistry (accompanying paper in this issue)]. The formation of this cross-link was greatly reduced in the presence of LDAO, indicating that the detergent perturbated the interaction between epsilon and beta subunits although epsilon was not removed from the ECF1 complex. The results suggest that the interconversion of ECF1 from a low to a high ATPase activity form by LDAO is in major part due to a release of the inhibitory action of subunit epsilon on subunit beta. PMID- 6237685 TI - Phosphorylation kinetics of skeletal muscle myosin and the effect of phosphorylation on actomyosin adenosinetriphosphatase activity. AB - Purified rabbit skeletal muscle myosin is phosphorylated on one type of light chain subunit (P-light chain) by calmodulin-dependent myosin light chain kinase and dephosphorylated by phosphoprotein phosphatase C. Analyses of the time courses of both phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of skeletal muscle myosin indicated that both reactions, involving at least 90% of the P-light chain, were kinetically homogeneous. These results suggest that phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of rabbit skeletal muscle myosin heads are simple random processes in contrast to the sequential phosphorylation mechanism proposed for myosin from gizzard smooth muscle. We also examined the effect of phosphorylation of rabbit skeletal muscle myosin on the actin-activated ATPase activity. We observed an apparent 2-fold decrease in the Km for actin, from about 6 microM to about 2.5 microM, with no significant effect on the Vmax (1.8s-1) in response to P-light-chain phosphorylation. There was no significant effect of phosphorylation on the ATPase activity of myosin alone (0.045 s-1). ATPase activation could be fully reversed by addition of phosphatase catalytic subunit. The relationship between the extents of P-light-chain phosphorylation and ATPase activation (at 3.5 microM actin and 0.6 microM myosin) was essentially linear. Thus, in contrast to results obtained with myosin from gizzard smooth muscle, these results suggest that cooperative interactions between the myosin heads do not play an important role in the activation process in skeletal muscle. Since the effect of P-light chain phosphorylation is upon the Km for actin, it would appear to be associated with a significant activation of ATPase activity only at appropriate concentrations of actin and salt.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6237686 TI - Characterization of sarcoplasmic reticulum adenosinetriphosphatase purified by selective column adsorption. AB - Preparations of sarcoplasmic reticulum ATPase made by conventional procedures, with over 85% of the protein consisting of one band in sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis, were solubilized in Triton X-100 and separated on an Affi-Gel blue column. All the ATPase activity was eluted in a single fraction containing about 60% of the applied protein. This purified fraction required combination with about 1 mol of fluoresceinyl 5-isothiocyanate (FITC) for inactivation, whereas the original preparation was inactivated by reaction with about 0.6 mol of FITC/mol. The inactive protein retained on the column had an amino acid composition like that of the active protein. The separation on the Affi-Gel blue column provides a convenient procedure for preparation of more active ATPase. The rate of inactivation of the ATPase solubilized in detergent-containing solutions was measured at different protein concentrations. The t1/2 for inactivation was proportional to the square root of the protein concentration. Results are consistent with inactivation proceeding through a small fraction of monomeric ATPase present. PMID- 6237687 TI - An investigation on the effect of oligomycin on state-4 respiration in isolated rat-liver mitochondria. AB - The inhibitory action of oligomycin on State-4 respiration in rat-liver mitochondria has been investigated in detail with regard to the extent, mode and characteristics of the inhibition. The possibility that this effect may be due either to some damage of the mitochondrial preparation used or to the presence of heavy contaminations by microsomes has been excluded. It has been found that the concentration of specific binding sites is the same in State 4 as in State 3. The extent of the inhibition appears to be related to the ADP concentration, rather than to ATP/ADP ratios. The inhibition of this antibiotic on State-4 respiration does not depend on the experimental conditions used (i.e., choice of substrates or composition of the reaction medium). In agreement with these observations, it has been found that the membrane potential of State 4 is significantly increased when oligomycin is added. All these results provide further evidence to the conclusion that a large portion of State-4 respiration is linked to phosphorylation. PMID- 6237688 TI - Immunoreactivity of rhodopsin and opsin. AB - An examination by a radioimmunoassay of the relative affinity of opsin and rhodopsin for rabbit antibody raised against bovine rhodopsin revealed that opsin was the preferred antigen. About 10-fold greater amounts of rhodopsin than opsin were required to achieve 50% inhibition of binding of 125I-labeled ligand in the RIA. Opsin was more reactive when examined in the light or dark, compared to rhodopsin incubated in the dark. Mixtures of opsin and rhodopsin (prepared by partial bleaching of rhodopsin or synthetic mixtures) exhibited increased reactivity with increasing mole fraction of opsin. This response was nonlinear, with small increases in opsin producing relatively large increases in reactivity. A partial fractionation of the antibody into two groups showing differential reactivities toward opsin and rhodopsin was achieved by affinity chromatography on opsin-Sepharose. However, with both groups, opsin was still the preferred antigen. Scatchard analysis of 125I-labeled rhodopsin and opsin produced nonlinear plots, indicating the presence of multiple species of antibody. The affinities and binding capacities were similar for both labeled antigens. In competitive binding studies, the antibody showed a strong preference for either labeled ligand (rhodopsin or opsin) as compared to the unlabeled material. These latter observations indicate that altering rhodopsin either by bleaching or iodination produced changes in the relative immunoreactivity of the molecule. PMID- 6237689 TI - Kinetic studies on IgG transport by the jejunum of the neonatal rat. AB - A 0.2-ml dose containing 500 micrograms labelled rat IgG saturated the receptor mediated transport system of the enterocytes of the jejunum of the small intestine. At subsaturation dose levels very little intracellular digestion of IgG occurred--the intact transport system was primarily employed. The uptake of IgG by enterocytes, at doses above saturation, was assessed over periods up to 6 h. There was an initial phase of rapid intracellular digestion by the enterocytes, followed by a much longer period during which the receptor-mediated transport system discharged intact IgG into the vascular compartment. The observations are discussed in the light of recent evidence relating to the numbers of IgG receptors on jejunal enterocytes. PMID- 6237690 TI - Effect of steam sterilization on polyethylene terephthalate. AB - Subtle changes on the surface of polymeric materials on autoclaving have been ignored so far. An increase in cyclic trimer content on the surface of polyethylene terephthalate on autoclaving is reported. This increase may affect the biocompatibility of polyethylene terephthalate. Quantification of the cyclic trimer was done by high performance liquid chromatography. PMID- 6237691 TI - Onset of birhythmicity in a regulated biochemical system. AB - We analyze the onset of multiple oscillatory regimes in a two-variable biochemical model previously proposed for glycolytic oscillations. The model, based on the activation of an allosteric enzyme by a reaction product, is modified by introduction of recycling of product into the substrate. This modification creates the conditions for birhythmicity in which two stable oscillatory regimes coexist under the same conditions. The detailed route by which birhythmicity develops from a single oscillatory regime is elucidated by means of bifurcation diagrams. It is shown that birhythmicity provides added sensitivity to the oscillatory system as the same type of perturbation may produce a switch from one periodic regime to the other and back, when applied at the appropriate phase of each of the two oscillations. PMID- 6237692 TI - [Intracellular localization of the caffeine-sensitive form of Ca-dependent ATPase in the sarcoplasmic reticulum]. AB - A Ca-selective electrode was used to study the effect of caffeine on different fractions of sarcoplasmic reticulum membranes of rabbit skeletal muscles. Caffeine was found to uncouple Ca2+ transport and ATP hydrolysis in a fraction, which is enriched with fragments of terminal cisterns according to the electron microscopy data. Caffeine does not produce any effect on the light fraction containing no fragments of terminal cisterns. It is concluded that caffeine sensitive Ca2+-dependent ATPase is localized in terminal cisterns of the sarcoplasmic reticulum. PMID- 6237693 TI - Growth, interleukin-2 production, and responsiveness to IL-2 in T4-positive T Lymphocyte populations from malignant cutaneous T cell lymphoma (Sezary's syndrome): the effect of cyclosporin A. AB - Functional analysis and surface phenotyping using monoclonal antibodies have revealed that malignant T lymphocyte populations in the peripheral blood of patients with Sezary's syndrome resemble the T helper cell populations from normal individuals. In this article we have studied the effects of the immunosuppressive drug cyclosporine A (CsA) on growth, interleukin-2 (IL-2) production, and the induction of IL-2 responsiveness of peripheral blood monocytes (PBMs) from five patients with Sezary's syndrome in vitro, using the lectin phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and the phorbol ester phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) as stimuli. The following results were obtained: PHA-induced cell proliferation was significantly more sensitive to inhibition by CsA than that induced by PMA or a combination of PMA and PHA (P less than .005). Sezary PBMs produced only small amounts of IL-2 in response to PHA. Stimulation with PMA, however, resulted in significant IL-2 production. PMA and PHA, when given in combination, acted synergistically. The low levels of IL-2 production induced by PHA or PMA were more sensitive to CsA-mediated suppression than those induced by a combination of PHA and PMA (75% and 55% suppression, respectively). CsA mediated growth suppression could be overcome if the cultures were supplemented with appropriate amounts of exogenous IL-2. We conclude from our data, that CsA in Sezary PBMs inhibits T cell growth indirectly as a consequence of suppression of IL-2 growth indirectly as a consequence of suppression of IL-2 production. Moreover, like normal T lymphocytes, Sezary PBMs do not express the IL-2 receptor spontaneously, but can be induced to do so. CsA does not interfere with intracellular events leading to the expression and the biologic function of the IL-2 receptor. PMID- 6237694 TI - Regulation of normal human granulopoiesis in vitro by autologous T lymphocyte subsets. PMID- 6237695 TI - Characterization of a laminin receptor from human breast carcinoma tissue. AB - Human breast carcinoma contains high-affinity receptors for the basement membrane glycoprotein laminin. Plasma membranes isolated from tissue samples of human breast carcinoma exhibit specific, saturable, reversible, and displaceable binding to laminin. Fibronectin, collagen, and serum proteins fail to displace this bound laminin. Scatchard analysis is linear with a Kd of 1.8 X 10(-9) M. The laminin receptor, isolated and purified 1200-fold by laminin-affinity chromatography, exhibits a molecular weight of 67 000 daltons as determined by gel electrophoresis. The receptor was verified to be located on the cell surface of the invading breast carcinoma cells by immunohistologic studies utilizing a peroxidase-conjugated fragment of the laminin molecule which contained the receptor-binding domain. PMID- 6237696 TI - TSH stimulation of iodine organification in early foetal rat thyroid in vitro. AB - Thyroid glands from 15 day-old rat foetuses were incubated in Eagle's medium containing Na 125I and supplemented, or not, with TSH for 4 or 24 hours. Electron microscopic radioautographic study shows silver grains mainly in follicular cavities only in the thyroids submitted to TSH during 24 hr. A functional differentiation must therefore take place in thyroid cells under TSH stimulation. PMID- 6237697 TI - Ultrastructure and enzyme digestion of nucleoli and associated structures in hypothalamic nerve cells viewed in resinless sections. AB - Estrogen has been shown to affect ventromedial hypothalamic (VMH) nerve cell nucleoli in ovariectomized rats, by causing an increase in the number of electron dense aggregates associated with nucleoli. In order to characterize these nucleolus-associated structures and other nuclear components, we examined the ultrastructure of ventromedial hypothalamic nucleoli and nuclei revealed by enzyme digestions (pepsin, RNase and DNase) in resinless thin sections. Digestion by pepsin did not cause obvious alterations in the morphology of the nucleolus or its related structures. Pepsin treatment followed by RNase, however, reduced the density of the nucleolus, while that of the nucleolus-associated structure and other related structures remained unchanged. Conversely pepsin treatment followed by DNase, reduced the density of nucleolus-associated and other chromatin structures, but had no effect on the density of the nucleolus. Pepsin treatment followed by RNase and then DNase treatment, reduced the density of the nucleolus and nucleolus-associated structures. A residual nucleolus and nucleolus associated structure remained after this treatment. Stereo viewing of resinless sections shows that the nucleolus, its associated structures, and other related structures, are associated with fine filaments that may comprise the nuclear matrix. The nucleolus-associated structure containing DNA may direct RNA synthesis at an increased rate in estrogen-treated hypothalamic cells. PMID- 6237698 TI - Polymorphism of acetylcholinesterase and identification of new molecular forms after sedimentation analysis. AB - Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is composed of several distinct molecular forms, which are identified and partly resolved by velocity sedimentation analysis on sucrose gradients. We made the assumption that each AChE form sediments as a peak of activity with a gaussian shape in the continuous sucrose gradient. We experimentally demonstrate that the complex AChE profiles can be decomposed in gaussian distributions of separate molecular entities. We performed a high salt detergent extraction of AChE from mouse skeletal muscle and isolated fractions enriched in each particular from. These fractions were then submitted to a second sedimentation, to assess the stability and to further characterize each AChE form. Then, we calculated the statistical significance level of each AChE form and identified up to 9 separate molecular specifies in mouse adult muscle. These forms are the major "4 S", "6.5 S", "10 S", "12 S" and "16 S" and minor molecular active components of AChE. These results suggest complex structural interactions between catalytic and non catalytic subunits of AChE and do not simply fit the tailed asymmetric globular model of AChE with six molecular species. PMID- 6237699 TI - Role of lysosomes in gallium concentration by mammalian tissues. AB - Two microanalytical methods, electron probe X ray analysis (E P M A) and ion mass analysis (I A M) were used to study gallium incorporation in normal tissues (kidney, liver, mammary gland, bone marrow, bone tissue) and in experimental tumors. The very high sensitivity of I M A makes possible the detection of very low concentration of gallium (1 ppm) with a spatial resolution of 0.5 micron, on the other hand, E P M A of lower sensitivity (100 ppm) makes possible the relation between the gallium concentration and the ultrastructure of the cell. It was shown that gallium is concentrated in the lysosomes of both types of tissues, where it is precipitated in an insoluble form. In addition, gallium is systematically combined with phosphorus in these precipitates. These observations suggest an active intralysosomal concentrating mechanism related to the presence of local phosphatase activity. PMID- 6237700 TI - Endosomes transfer yolk proteins to lysosomes in the vitellogenic oocyte of the trout. AB - The internalization of the yolk proteins has been investigated by electron microscopy and cytochemistry in the oocyte of the trout which stores up large quantities of yolk. The oocyte evolution has been followed for 18 months in a homogeneous group of animals. Anionic ferritin has been injected during vitellogenesis. The results indicate that as in other oocytes the yolk proteins are absorbed by coated vesicles during vitellogenesis. But unlike most other oocytes the yolk proteins are then transferred via typical endosomes to a conspicuous lysosomal compartment built up very early at the onset of the cytoplasmic differentiation of the oocyte e.i. 10 months earlier. During vitellogenesis yolk progressively accumulates in this lysosomal compartment. Injected anionic ferritin follows the same pathway of internalization. These findings indicate that in this oocyte, the whole yolk cycle presumably represents an adaptation of a general cellular activity, the receptor-mediated endocytosis, largely amplified, sequenced and spread over several months. PMID- 6237701 TI - Biochemical and immunological characterization of the microfibrillar ecto endoplasmic boundary in the ciliate Isotricha prostoma. AB - The cytoplasm of the ciliated protozoan Isotricha prostoma is compartmented by a continuous fibrillar system made up of a double layer of 4 nm-diameter filaments: the microfibrillar ecto-endoplasmic boundary (EEB). Isolation of this structure after treatment of the cells in a buffer of low ionic strength in the presence of the detergent Triton X-100 evidenced connections linking the two filamentous layers. One dimensional electrophoresis on SDS-polyacrylamide gel of EEB fractions revealed several major proteins with apparent molecular weights between 11 and 23 K. Of these, two neighboring bands of MW22 and 23 K were removed from gels and used as antigens to obtain rabbit antibodies. The antiserum obtained reacted specifically with injected proteins as shown by the technique of immunological detection on nitrocellulose sheets using the peroxidase reaction product. Electron microscopy localization of the antigens with anti-IgG coupled with colloidal gold showed significant labeling of the EEB within the cortex of Isotricha permeabilized with Triton X-100. We hope that the 22-23 K antiserum will prove to be a useful tool for the comparative study of other non-actin filament systems in Protozoa. PMID- 6237702 TI - Colicins are not transiently accumulated in the periplasmic space before release from colicinogenic cells. AB - Colicins are released into the spent medium from colicinogenic cells. The pathway of release has been investigated in this study. The localization in producing cells of colicins A, E3 and of cloacin DF13 has been determined at various times after mitomycin C addition: no transient accumulation in the periplasmic space of colicinogenic E. coli K12 strains was detected by electron microscopy for any of the bacteriocins tested. Furthermore, asynchronous induction in individual cells was detected for each bacteriocin tested. These results strongly suggest that colicins, as well as cloacin DF13, do not transit through the periplasmic space before release from colicinogenic cells. PMID- 6237703 TI - Subcellular responses in frog pituitary gonadotrophic cells to constant environmental conditions: a morphometric study. AB - An ultrastructural study of the pars distalis of the pituitary in Rana ridibunda specimens subjected to constant environmental conditions revealed significant structural differences which indicate a short-time increase in the activity of gonadotrophic cells. Planimetry was used for morphometric and stereological analysis of the rough endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi complex, secretory granules and lysosomes. The presence of a vesicular endoplasmic reticulum throughout the cytoplasm of gonadotrophic cells was observed in the pituitary gland of the intact frog. After 7 days of constant environmental conditions, there was an increase in the volume density of the endoplasmic reticulum vesicles, while on the 11th day there was a slight reversal in the vesicle content that was complete the 15th day. In the hypertrophy of the endoplasmic reticulum, the larger vesicles (bigger than 0,52 micron2) play a more important role than the smaller ones (similar to the endoplasmic reticulum observed in control cells). However, the small vacuoles were also hypertrophied in relation to the control. Degranulation was also observed after 7 days of constant environmental conditions. On the 15th days, there was an increase in the numerical density of secretory granules and lysosomes compared to the control while their volume density was similar to the control. PMID- 6237704 TI - Inhibition of GABA uptake potentiates the conductance increase produced by GABA mimetic compounds on single neurones in isolated olfactory cortex slices of the guinea-pig. AB - Membrane potential and input conductance were recorded in single neurones in slices of guinea-pig olfactory cortex in vitro. gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) and GABA-mimetic compounds were applied by bath-perfusion. Potency was measured as the concentration required to double the input conductance. The potency of GABA was increased (i.e. the equi-effective concentrations were reduced) by 15.5 +/- 2.3 times (mean +/- s.e. mean) on reducing external [Na+] from 144 to 20 mmol l-1, by replacement with Mg2+. Corresponding potency changes for other agonists were + 10.8 +/- 2.5 for 3-aminopropanesulphonic acid (3-APS); 3.25 +/- 1.06 for isoguvacine and 2.43 +/- 0.69 for muscimol. Nipecotic acid (0.5 mM) produced the following increases in potency: GABA 2.68 +/- 0.02; 3-aminopropanesulphonic acid, 3.11 +/- 0.07; isoguvacine, 1.92 +/- 0.34; muscimol, 2.24 +/- 0.17. The concentration of GABA in the bathing fluid necessary to double input conductance increased with increasing depth of the recording site from the cut surface. The apparent potency fell 10 times for each 60 micron depth increment up to 150 micron. The recording depth also affected the apparent potency of muscimol and 3 APS but to a lesser extent. Reduction of external [Na+] reduced the depth dependence of both GABA and 3-APS potency. No clear change in the duration of the recurrent inhibitory postsynaptic conductance could be detected in the presence of 0.5 mmol l-1 nipecotic acid. 6 It is suggested that agonist uptake by a Na+ dependent, nipecotic acid-sensitive mechanism severely attenuates the responses of olfactory neurones to exogenous GABA and to its analogues 3-APS, muscimol and isoguvacine, but has little immediate influence on the duration of the GABA mediated inhibitory postsynaptic conductance. PMID- 6237705 TI - 5-HT2 receptor characteristics in frontal cortex and 5-HT2 receptor-mediated head twitch behaviour following antidepressant treatment to mice. AB - The effects of repeated administration of antidepressant drugs or electroconvulsive shock on the binding of [3H]-spiperone to the 5 hydroxytryptamine 2 (5-HT2) receptor in mouse frontal cortex and the 5-HT mediated head-twitch response have been examined. Repeated electroconvulsive shock increased both the head-twitch response and the number of 5-HT2 binding sites (Bmax). After 35 d but not 24 h or 14 d oral tranylcypromine (5.6 mg kg-1 per day) there was a marked decrease in both the behavioural response and the number of 5-HT2 receptors. Repeated oral doses of zimeldine (20 mg kg-1 per day, 14 days) also decreased the head-twitch response and the number of 5-HT2 binding sites and these effects persisted after 48 h withdrawal. Oral mianserin (2.1 mg kg-1 per day, 14 days) decreased both the behaviour and the number of 5-HT2 binding sites, but this change was also seen after acute (1 day) administration. After 48 h withdrawal from chronic treatment the head-twitch response was still decreased but the Bmax had returned to control values. Desipramine given orally (27 mg kg-1 per day, 14 days) decreased both the behaviour and number of 5-HT2 binding sites. After 48 h withdrawal, binding was still decreased but the head twitch response was enhanced above control values. In contrast to repeated electroconvulsive shock (ECS), all drugs decreased both 5-HT2 binding and the head-twitch response, while the mice were still on treatment. Binding and behaviour did not correlate after withdrawal. It is concluded that antidepressant treatments do not produce a common alteration in 5-HT2 receptor number and function. PMID- 6237707 TI - Designing chairs for the disabled arthritic. PMID- 6237706 TI - A comparison of dimaprit, nordimaprit, methylamine and chloroquine as inhibitors of mitogen-induced lymphocyte activation. AB - Methylamine and chloroquine both 'lysosomotropic' agents (i.e. agents which sequester in lysosomes) caused a dose-related inhibition of mitogen-induced lymphocyte activation in the concentrations which have previously been shown to increase the pH of lysosomes. The dose-response curves of inhibition of mitogen induced lymphocyte activation for chloroquine and methylamine are very steep and are similar to the dose-response curves obtained with dimaprit and nordimaprit, but very different from the flat dose-response curves previously described for histamine. Approximate IC50 values were methylamine 6.4 mM, dimaprit 0.13 mM, nordimaprit 0.03 mM and chloroquine 18 microM. It is suggested that the mechanism of action of methylamine and chloroquine may be related to their lysosomotropic action and consequent interference with ligand-receptor processing, and that dimaprit and nordimaprit but not histamine may act by a similar mechanism. PMID- 6237708 TI - Back pain in athletes. AB - There were one hundred and ninety seven patients who presented with back pain to an Athletes Clinic over four years. Their mode of presentation, investigations, diagnoses and treatments are analysed. The majority of patients were male and below 30 years of age. The average duration of symptoms prior to presentation, despite an easy access policy, was 42 weeks. Injury was usually related to six popular sports. Radiological examination was a rewarding investigation in these patients and included an A-P view of the pelvis. The diagnostic label of prolapsed intervertebral disc appears to have been used too frequently. Physiotherapy was the most useful treatment modality regardless of age, mode of onset and duration of symptoms. PMID- 6237709 TI - Review of spondylolisthesis and spondylolysis in paediatric practice. AB - Presenting radiographs of 30 children with spondylolisthesis and spondylolysis were reviewed. A 67% incidence of spina bifida occulta was noted, a 13-fold increase of the incidence in the normal population, and a mechanism whereby this may precipitate a spondylolysis is given. The value of the spinous process rotation sign on AP radiographs and facet joint mal-alignment on oblique radiographs in paediatric practice was assessed, and the incidence was 39% and 56% respectively, compared with 92% and 91% in adult practice. Reasons for the reduced incidence are suggested. Oblique radiographs provided further diagnostic information only in the absence of a spondylolisthesis. Follow-up radiographs showed further slip in only five patients. The one constant factor in these five patients was the presence of a spina bifida occulta, indicating the necessity for close observation of such patients with a spondylolisthesis during the adolescent growth spurt. 99Tcm MDP bone scans were performed in three patients, in whom 4 of 5 spondylolyses were shown to have a high uptake. One lesion subsequently became of low uptake as symptoms subsided. Bone scanning in spondylolisthesis needs further evaluation but the finding of increased bone activity suggests a healing process. Spondylolysis is a differential diagnosis to be considered in a positive scan for evaluation of back pain. PMID- 6237710 TI - The localization of human breast carcinomas by radiolabelled monoclonal antibodies. AB - Immune-deprived mice bearing HX99 human breast carcinoma xenografts were injected with a radiolabelled monoclonal antibody, LICR-LON-M8 (M8), to investigate the dependence of tumour localization on (i) tumour site and (ii) antibody radiolabel. No significant difference was found in the degree of localization of radio-iodinated M8 in subcutaneous, renal or intracranial xenografts, but a highly significant improvement in HX99 localization by M8 was recorded using an 111indium-DTPA conjugate of the antibody (111In-DTPA-M8), related to its rapid tumour uptake and blood pool clearance. Radio-iodinated or 111In-labelled M8 was given to 29 patients with breast cancer, 7 with primary tumours and 22 with metastases. Tumour localization was assessed by (i) examination of surgical specimens and (ii) antibody scans, which were compared with conventional X-rays and 99mTc-methylene diphosphonate (MDP) bone scans. Radiolabelled M8 localized preferentially in all primary tumours (radioactivity tumour: normal breast = 6.2 +/- 1.4 [mean +/- s.e.]). All ten patients with skeletal metastases had positive 111In-DTPA-M8 scans, but the correlation with X-rays and MDP scans showed a regional variation. Radio-iodinated M8 failed to identify metastases in any site. The favourable biodistribution of 111In-DTPA-M8 has led to the clear localization of breast carcinomas in patients and mice. In future such reagents may rationalize the clinical management of breast cancer. PMID- 6237711 TI - Spectinomycin as initial treatment for gonorrhoea. AB - The prevalence of penicillinase producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae at this hospital increased exponentially from less than 0.5% in 1978 to 6.5% of all isolates in 1982. In January 1983 first line treatment for uncomplicated heterosexual anogenital gonorrhoea was therefore changed from ampicillin and probenecid to spectinomycin. This subsequently cured 95% of cases seen at the Praed Street Clinic. Although there was an initial fall in the monthly isolation rate of penicillinase producing N gonorrhoeae after the introduction of spectinomycin, this was not maintained. The exponential increase in the prevalence of the strain did slow in 1983, rising to only 8.7%. This, however, may have reflected a general decline in the rate of increase of penicillinase producing N gonorrhoeae throughout Britain. The failure to influence the prevalence of penicillinase producing N gonorrhoeae to any great degree may have been due in part to spectinomycin resistance in both penicillinase producing and non-penicillinase producing N gonorrhoeae. All of the isolates appeared identical, apart from the presence of the 4.4 megadalton plasmid in penicillinase producing N gonorrhoeae, but they could not be linked epidemiologically. Changing treatment in only one of the many venereal diseases clinics in London, where patients have open access to all such clinics, is unlikely to affect the prevalence of penicillinase producing N gonorrhoeae. This has probably been more important than spectinomycin resistance in limiting the effectiveness of spectinomycin in reducing the prevalence of the strain. PMID- 6237712 TI - Appropriate technology: equipment for the gastroenterologist. PMID- 6237713 TI - Immobilisation hypercalcaemia in adults and treatment with clodronate. PMID- 6237714 TI - Framboesiform lesions in primary herpes simplex infection: a case report. AB - A 27 year old homosexual man developed unusual sacral lesions during a disseminated primary herpetic attack, which was confirmed by viral culture and rising antibody titre. The lesions had a striking framboesiform appearance and healed without ulceration or scarring. Review of modern and historical published reports suggests that this may be the first illustrated description of such infection. PMID- 6237715 TI - Superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and lipoperoxidation in Down's syndrome fetal brain. AB - Certain aspects of the metabolism of oxygen derivatives were investigated in the cerebral cortex from Down's syndrome (trisomy 21) fetuses. In comparison with controls of similar gestational age, the specific activity of the cytosolic Cu/Zn dependent superoxide dismutase (SOD-I) was significantly elevated by 60 +/- 5%. This is consistent with a gene dosage effect, as the gene coding for SOD-I is on chromosome 21. In order to determine whether the increase in SOD-I activity is associated with an adaptive rise in glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx), as has been observed in other tissues, the activity of this enzyme was also estimated but was found not to be altered in the Down's syndrome brain. In addition, in vitro lipoperoxidation, estimated by the formation of malondialdehyde (MDA) on incubation of homogenates fortified with ascorbate and Fe2+, was significantly elevated (36 +/- 4%) in cerebral cortex of the Down's syndrome fetuses. The concentration of total combined polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) was not significantly altered in the tissue, although there is evidence for differences in the composition of certain phospholipids. It is proposed that, on account of the evidence for a potential perturbation of oxygen free radical metabolism (notably an increased SOD-I activity not compensated by a rise in GSHPx) and for enhanced in vitro peroxidizability of PUFA, there may be increased lipoperoxidative damage in the Down's syndrome brain prenatally. PMID- 6237716 TI - Immune modulation of a T-suppressor cell lymphoma by thymic humoral factor, a thymic hormone. AB - Lymphoid cells obtained from a mediastinal mass and bone marrow as well as peripheral blood of a patient with poorly differentiated diffuse malignant lymphoma were found to have both E and complement receptors. Addition of the bone marrow lymphoblasts to normal human T-lymphocytes induced a suppression of normal T functional activity as measured by a local xenogeneic graft versus host reaction. Incubation of the same cells with thymic humoral factor (THF), a thymic hormone, reversed their functional activity from suppression to help. Control studies with normal T-suppressor lymphocytes also showed a reversal of function to helper activity upon incubation with THF. In studies of normal T-lymphocytes with monoclonal antibodies, incubation with THF induced no change in phenotype in either theophylline-sensitive (suppressor) cells or theophylline-resistant (helper) cells. The ability of THF to modulate helper and suppressor activities suggests that this or similar agents may provide a useful means of therapy for disorders of immunoregulation. PMID- 6237717 TI - Langerhans' cells and macrophages in eosinophilic granuloma. An enzyme histochemical, enzyme-cytochemical, and ultrastructural study. AB - Biopsy material of six patients with eosinophilic granuloma (EG) was investigated by electron microscopic and enzyme-histochemical methods for acid phosphatase (AcP), leucyl-beta-naphthylamidase (LA), adenosine triphosphatase, and alpha naphthyl-acetate esterase (NE). Paraplast sections were used for demonstration of lysozyme with an immunoperoxidase method. Results of staining for these different enzymes suggested the existence of two separate sets of histiocytic cells: one type with "dot-like" AcP staining and negative for NE and lysozyme; and the other with diffuse AcP staining, positive for NE and lysozyme, and often showing signs of phagocytosis. The first type presumably represented Langerhans' cells and also often showed positive staining for LA. Macrophages were generally negative for LA. Electron microscopic study confirmed the impression gained from enzyme histochemical studies. No intermediate cell types between Langerhans' cells and genuine macrophages were seen. From these results it is concluded that in EG no transformation exists between Langerhans' cells and macrophages. The latter are presumably of reactive nature. PMID- 6237719 TI - Atypical beta-hexosaminidase in sera of cancer patients with liver metastases. AB - Previous studies have reported altered isozyme compositions and properties of beta-hexosaminidase in human cancerous tissues, and an atypical beta hexosaminidase was found previously in metastatic tumor tissue of human liver. The present investigation was concerned with determining if this atypical beta hexosaminidase could be detected (by analytical column isoelectric focusing) in the sera of cancer patients who have liver metastases. Analyses of sera from 14 cancer patients indicated that 12 contained an atypical beta-hexosaminidase in addition to normal beta-hexosaminidase A and B. Analysis of sera from 15 normal controls and 8 controls with benign disease indicated that the atypical beta hexosaminidase may be specific for malignant disease. The mean percentage of recovered beta-hexosaminidase activity associated with peaks of beta hexosaminidase B (i.e., peaks with isoelectric point values at or near that of normal beta-hexosaminidase B) was slightly elevated in cancer sera [37 +/- 9.6% (S.D.)] when compared to normal (32 +/- 9%) and pathological control (29 +/- 10%) sera. The variant beta-hexosaminidase may prove to be a useful general marker for tumor burden or a more specific marker for liver metastases. PMID- 6237718 TI - Effects of nicotinamide and structural analogs on DNA synthesis and cellular replication of rat hepatoma cells. AB - The effects of nicotinamide and structural analogs on DNA synthesis were studied in rat hepatoma (HTC) cells. Inhibitory effects of these compounds were observed on DNA synthesis as judged by the incorporation of [3H]-thymidine into DNA. Evidence for a marked effect on DNA integrity after preincubation with 1 mM methyl methanesulfonate was provided by a fluorometric technique with ethidium bromide. There was only a small or insignificant enhancement of this effect when hepatoma cells were incubated with nicotinamide. At concentrations of 2-20 mM, 3 aminobenzamide was observed to cause greater effects than nicotinamide on DNA synthesis and integrity and on cellular proliferation in HTC cells. Comparison of the effects of nicotinamide and 3-aminobenzamide with those of N' methylnicotinamide suggested that some of the effects on DNA synthesis may not be mediated through inhibition of poly(ADP-ribose) synthetase. Inhibition of HTC cell proliferation was observed at a concentration of 3-aminobenzamide, 2 mM, which has been reported to be nontoxic for other cell types. PMID- 6237720 TI - Resistance to hypoxia-induced shortening of action potential duration of hypertrophied rabbit hearts. AB - Cardiac hypertrophy was induced in rabbits at atmospheric pressure by exposing them to hypoxia equivalent to an altitude of 6000 m for 280 to 350 h. Intracellular action potentials were recorded from Purkinje cells, and from atrial and papillary muscles, contractions of which were also measured. Hearts from normoxic littermates were used as controls. All the hypertrophied tissues studied had increased action potential durations (APD), but other electrophysiological parameters were little changed. During periods of acute exposure to hypoxia in vitro APD shortened less in the hypertrophied hearts than in the controls. During intervals of normoxia, interposed between the periods of acute hypoxia, recovery of contractions and of all electrophysiological changes was complete. It was concluded that the hypertrophy did not cause associated electrical alterations likely to increase the risk of arrhythmias. PMID- 6237721 TI - Velocity profile in the main pulmonary artery in a canine model. AB - The velocity profile of the main pulmonary artery was determined in nine adult, open-chested, mechanically ventilated mongrel dogs using an intraluminal, needle mounted, range-gated, pulsed Doppler technique. Mean phasic point velocities were determined at 2 mm intervals across the lumen of the vessel, 2 cm above the pulmonary valve, by recording the Doppler shift of an activated 20 MHz piezoelectric crystal, range-gated 3.5 mm in the direction of the pulmonary valve. Mean Reynolds numbers from the main pulmonary artery ranged from 275 to 1140. Radially normalised intraluminal distance versus mean phasic point velocity plots were constructed which demonstrated a curved profile in all 9 dogs. First order regression analysis demonstrated a poor fit (r: 0.05-0.68). Second order (r:0.61-0.97) and third order (r:0.72-0.99) regression analyses markedly improved the fit, confirming the non-linear nature of the velocity profile. Step-wise third order regression analysis to determine the importance of the entry sequence demonstrated that the most important term for determining the regression coefficient was the X2 term in six dogs. In addition, the velocity profile was noted to be shifted, with the highest velocities recorded between the centre of the vessel and the anterior wall in eight of nine dogs (location of highest velocity: +0.26 radius +/- 0.25 (mean +/- SD). PMID- 6237722 TI - Ascending aortic blood velocity and acceleration using Doppler ultrasound in the assessment of left ventricular function. AB - We have used a 2.2 MHz continuous-wave Doppler blood velocity meter (Bach-Simpson BVM 202) to measure ascending aortic blood velocity and acceleration, and have obtained from the velocity signal a noninvasive measure of stroke volume and cardiac output by combining the Doppler technique with M-mode echocardiography. In two separate studies we have systematically altered the loading conditions of the heart with lower body pressure; and the inotropic state of the heart with dobutamine (5 micrograms . kg-1 . min-1), and documented the changes in mean velocity (MV), maximum acceleration (MA), stroke volume (SV), cardiac output (CO) and left ventricular end-diastolic dimension (EDD) (M-mode echocardiography). Application of lower body pressure to subjects in a 30 degrees head-up tilt position caused a systematic increase in preload, as shown by a 9% increase in EDD, which raised SV by a maximum of 33% (p less than or equal to 0.001) and CO by 32% (p less than or equal to 0.01), thus showing a classical Starling response; whilst there was relatively little increase in MA. Conversely, infusion of dobutamine, an inotropic agent, caused a 29.2% increase in MA (p less than or equal to 0.01) with minimal increase in SV. Thus, the ability to measure ascending aortic blood velocity allows noninvasive monitoring of changes in both inotropic state and Starling function, with considerable ease and rapidity. PMID- 6237723 TI - Histochemical and biochemical study of the caudal muscles of two teleost fishes- Heteropneustes fossilis and Channa punctata. PMID- 6237724 TI - The Ca2+-activated ATP-A in the tubuli seminiferi of rats. PMID- 6237725 TI - [Theoretical and practical possibilities in cardiac surgery]. PMID- 6237726 TI - Ultracytochemical localization of Ca++-ATPase activity in pituicytes of the neurohypophysis of the guinea pig. AB - Ca++-ATPase activity (cf. Ando et al. 1981) was examined both light- and electron microscopically in the neurohypophysis of the guinea pig. Apart from a strong activity within the walls of the blood vessels, in the parenchyma of the neurohypophysis the reaction product of the Ca++-ATPase activity was restricted to the plasmalemma of the pituicytes. This reaction was completely dependent upon Ca++ and the substrate, ATP; the reaction was inhibited by 0.1 mM quercetin, an inhibitor of Ca++-ATPase. A reduction of the enzyme activity occurred by 1) adding Mg++ to the standard incubation medium, and 2) substituting Ca++ with Mg++ at varying concentrations. In all experiments the neurosecretory fibers were devoid of Ca++-ATPase activity. The function of the Ca++-ATPase activity in the plasmalemma of the pituicytes is discussed in connection with the regulation of the extracellular Ca++ concentration, which seems to be important with respect to the discharge of secretory material from the neurosecretory fibers. PMID- 6237727 TI - Serotonin and opsin immunoreactivities in the developing pineal organ of the three-spined stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus L. AB - 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT, serotonin)- and opsin-immunoreactive sites were studied in the developing pineal complex of the stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus L., by use of light-microscopic indirect immunoperoxidase techniques. 5 HT immunoreactivity first occurs in the pineal organ at the age of 80 h after fertilization and appears to be localized in cells of the photoreceptor type. The outer segments of a few pineal photosensory cells exhibit opsin immunoreactivity at the age of 84 h after fertilization. The number of cells seems to increase until the pineal organ is completely developed. The increase in the number of 5 HT immunoreactive perikarya runs parallel in time to that of the opsin immunoreactive outer segments. The cells of the parapineal organ show neither opsin nor 5-HT immunoreactivity. The retina of the embryonic stickleback does not display opsin immunoreactivity until after hatching, which takes place about 144 h after fertilization. These results suggest, in the three-spined stickleback, an earlier light-perception capacity for the developing pineal organ than for the retina. PMID- 6237729 TI - The presence and binding characteristics of calmodulin in microsomal preparations enriched in sarcoplasmic reticulum from rabbit skeletal muscle. AB - ATP-dependent oxalate facilitated calcium transport in sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) preparations obtained from rabbit vastus lateralis muscle (fast skeletal muscle; Fsr) and soleus (slow skeletal muscle; Ssr) was determined. Addition of exogenous calmodulin did not stimulate calcium transport in either Fsr or Ssr preparations. Fsr and Ssr previously washed in 1 mM EGTA demonstrated a reduced capacity to transport Ca2+; the exogenous addition of calmodulin (0.24 microM) under these conditions, did not restore uptake activity but significantly decreased the steady-state level of Ca2+ uptake. Extracts of skeletal SR prepared by treatment with 0.2 mM EDTA and boiling produced significantly more stimulation of red cell Ca2+ATPase activity than extracts prepared by boiling alone. This stimulation of red cell Ca2+-ATPase was inhibited to a significant extent by 48/80, a known anti-calmodulin agent. Radioimmunoassay revealed that extracts prepared by boiling or EDTA-treatment followed by boiling contained considerable amounts of calmodulin. Washing with 1 mM EGTA, though, did not release any calmodulin from SR. These studies reveal that calmodulin is present in both Fsr and Ssr and can only be removed by harsh treatments. The role of calmodulin in skeletal muscle Ca2+-transport remains to be determined. PMID- 6237728 TI - Ultrastructure of dynamic and static skeletofusimotor endings in a cat muscle spindle. AB - Endings of four beta skeletofusimotor axons in a spindle of the cat tenuissimus muscle were examined in semithin (1-micron thick) and ultrathin transverse serial sections. Two (dynamic) beta axons terminated on the nuclear bag1 intrafusal muscle fiber and on extrafusal fibers of the dark type. Two (static) beta axons terminated on the nuclear chain intrafusal fibers and extrafusal fibers of the intermediate type. The degree of indentation of axon terminals into the muscle surface, thickness of the sole plate and extent of folding of subjunctional membranes differed among intrafusal and extrafusal terminations of the same axon. Endings of beta axons on the bag1 and chain fibers were also morphologically dissimilar. Motor axons may not determine ending morphology. Rather the form and structure of a beta bag1 or chain ending may be determined by the type of intrafusal fiber on which the ending lies and the ending's distance from the primary sensory axon. PMID- 6237730 TI - Role of macrophages as modulators but not as stimulators in primary mixed leukocyte reaction. AB - The role of macrophages (M phi) and that of splenic dendritic cells (DC) in the allogeneic mixed leukocyte reaction (MLR) in the mouse have been investigated. In contrast with the high stimulatory capacity of DC, we obtained no evidence in favor of the competence of M phi, whether Ia + or Ia-, as an autonomous stimulator of MLR. However, M phi were found to modulate the level of MLR. Thus, M phi amplified the low level MLR to low dose DC and apparently suppressed the high level MLR to high dose DC. Ia + M phi seemed superior to Ia- M phi in the MLR-enhancing effect. M phi syngeneic to the responder and those to the stimulator suggest that M phi are modulators of immune responses triggered through the mediation of DC. PMID- 6237731 TI - Selective induction of delayed hypersensitivity T-effector and T-suppressor lymphocytes in vitro by haptenized bone marrow-derived macrophages. AB - The role of various subpopulations of antigen-presenting macrophages in the induction of T-lymphocyte subpopulations has been difficult to study in the past. We have used an in vitro system of bone marrow cell culture both to induce T effector (TDH) and T-suppressor (Ts) cells active in delayed-type hypersensitivity. Bone marrow-derived macrophages (BM-MA) grown in Teflon bag cultures were allowed to attach to culture dishes and were pulse-labeled with 2,4 dinitrobenzene sulfonate (DNBSO3). Spleen cell lymphocytes from nonsensitized BALB/c mice were cocultured with antigen-pulsed or control BM-MA for 3 days. The lymphocytes were harvested, and injected iv into BALB/c mice which were challenged within 1 hr after injection by painting the right ear with 2,4 dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB, effector test) or sensitized with DNFB on 2 days following iv injection of the cells and challenged 5 days later (suppressor test). Ear swelling was measured 24 hr later to assess the effector or suppressor function of the in vitro educated lymphocytes. BM-MA grown for 5 days (BM-MA 5) in L-cell conditioned medium induced only TDH cells (Thy 1+, Lyt 1+2-) whereas BM MA grown for 10 days in conditioned medium induced only Ts cells (Thy 1+, Lyt 1 2+). In both cases, induced TDH and Ts cells were antigen specific. Functionally, induced Ts cells suppressed the afferent limb of the delayed response. When DNP BM-MA 5 and DNP-BM-MA 10 were used to induce TDH or Ts cells in vivo by subcutaneous or intravenous injection respectively, only BM-MA 5 were able to sensitize recipient mice. Both 5- and 10-day macrophage populations induced Ts cells in vivo. Functionally, these Ts cells appeared to act on the efferent limb of the delayed reaction. We conclude that different populations of antigen presenting macrophages can preferentially induce TDH or Ts cells, perhaps depending on antigen presentation in association with class II antigens or on the functional state of the antigen-presenting cell. PMID- 6237732 TI - Ontogeny of T-cell mitogen response in Lewis rats. III. Juvenile adherent suppressor cells block adult mitogen responses. AB - Spleen cells from suckling female Lewis rats (4 to 20 days old) were able to suppress mitogenic responses to concanavalin A (Con A) and phytohemagglutinin (PHA) of spleen or thymus cells from adult female Lewis rats and thymus cells from suckling Lewis rats. Thymus cells from suckling rats were unable to suppress adult spleen cell mitogenic responses to Con A. Removal of carbonyl iron (cFe)-, plastic-, or nylon-wool-adherent cells removed the suppressive action of juvenile spleen cells, but irradiation did not. Separated plastic-adherent spleen cells from suckling animals suppressed adult mitogenic responses to Con A. at optimal Con A doses 2-mercaptoethanol (2-ME, 2 X 10(-5) M) abolished the suppressive effect of juvenile cells, however, at the hyperoptimal dose of Con A (125 micrograms/ml) even higher doses of 2-ME did not relieve suppression by juvenile cells. These suppressor cells in suckling pups were affected by early weaning which decreased suppression, resulting in enhanced mitogenic responses of juvenile cells and removal of the ability to suppress adult mitogenic response. PMID- 6237733 TI - Human T cells in cord blood: abnormalities in IA antigens induction by phytohemagglutinin and in autologous mixed lymphocyte reactions. AB - About 25% of human T cells isolated from cord blood acquired la antigens, following stimulation with phytohemagglutinin (PHA) for 72 hr. This percentage is markedly lower than that found in PHA-activated T-cell populations (PHA-T cells) isolated from peripheral blood of adults. The low expression of la antigens by human T cells from cord blood does not reflect abnormalities in the sensitivity to PHA stimulation and/or in the kinetics of induction of la antigens. PHA-T cells from cord blood display a low stimulatory activity in autologous mixed lymphocyte reactions (MLR). The defect does not reflect a nonspecific abnormality in the stimulatory activity of PHA-T cells from cord blood, since the latter do not differ from PHA-T cells from adults in their ability to stimulate allogeneic T cells from adults. Furthermore the defect does not reflect a nonspecific abnormality in the proliferative response of T cells from cord blood, since the latter display a normal proliferative response to PHA-T cells from adults. The defect in the proliferative response is not restricted to the autologous MLR with PHA-T cells, since it was found also in autologous MLR with non-T cells as stimulators. Correlation of the temporal evolution of the abnormalities of human T cells with the maturation of the immune system may contribute to our understanding of the role of la antigens in cell-cell interactions and of the biological significance of abnormalities of autologous MLR. PMID- 6237734 TI - Antigen-specific helper factor production by immortalized clone of OVA-specific T cells. I. In vitro activity. AB - Immortalized clones of virally transformed OVA-specific T cells produce antigen specific helper factor upon stimulation in vitro. The helper factor activate DNP primed B cells to multiply and synthesize IgG anti-DNP antibodies. The trigger of the helper clone is antigen specific and the B cell-stimulating hapten must be coupled to the specific T cell carrier in order to transfer the help signal from the activated T clone to the B lymphocytes. Activation of the helper clone is performed by antigen-pulsed macrophages and cannot be achieved by the free soluble antigen. However, cell-free supernatant of the antigen-pulsed macrophages can stimulate the helper cells. Thus the antigenic determinant must be presented to the helper cell in the form of macrophage-processed antigen. These requirements for antigenic stimulation and the activity of the secreted helper factor demonstrate that the immortalized helper clone preserved the cellular components which control the antigen-specific immune function of the normal T lymphocyte. PMID- 6237735 TI - High frequency of precursors of anomalous killer cells in human peripheral blood: evidence for T-cell regulation. AB - The frequency of precursors (P) of the anomalous killer (AK) cells able to kill a melanoma target cell line without prior sensitization was determined by limiting dilution analysis. The frequencies obtained from the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of six healthy individuals ranged from 1/250 to 1/750, which was considerably higher than those of alloreactive cytolytic T-lymphocyte (CTL) precursors induced in the same cultures (range 1/900 to 1/7500). The presence of phytohemagglutinin (PHA) inhibited the appearance of both CTL and AK in bulk cocultures, and in limiting dilution analysis the presence of the lectin resulted in multiphasic cell dose-response curves rather than linear single hit responses for both types of precursor cells. The results suggest that AK-P are under the same type of regulation as are CTL-P. PMID- 6237737 TI - In vivo and in vitro requirements for T-cell activation: concordance and contrasts. PMID- 6237736 TI - Activation and growth requirements for cytotoxic and noncytotoxic T lymphocytes. AB - The number and nature of the "signals" required for lymphocyte activation have been so repetitively and academically discussed over the last 15 years that both the readers and the authors appear exhausted by such exercises. Yet, what may be considered to be the essential question, the basis for self-nonself discrimination, remains to be clarified. Since it has been established that clonal expansion and maturation to effector functions are brought about by polyclonally ("immunologically nonspecific") active factors, it is obvious that the crucial "step" in this context is the initial interaction of antigen with specific receptors of immunocompetent lymphocytes. This initial discriminatory event appears to proceed differently on the various cell subsets. We first deal with the mechanism of induction and growth of cytotoxic-T-lymphocyte precursors, and then discuss the inductive requirements leading to proliferation of T helper cells. PMID- 6237738 TI - Mixed lymphocyte culture suppressor cells can be induced by non-HLA differences in man. AB - Lymphocytes (A) sensitized in vitro by cells from a HLA-identical sibling (B) for 8 days showed inhibiting effects when added to fresh mixed lymphocyte cultures (MLC) where A responders were stimulated by cells from other family members in a ratio of 1:1:1. In 23 of 31 such pairs tested in 15 families, proliferative activities in these 6-day second-step MLC were inhibited by 54 +/- 18% in the presence of A'B sensitized cells as compared to control cultures with modulating A' cells similarly preincubated but in the absence of B stimulators. In addition, A'B could also suppress MLC responses of B in 12 of the 17 pairs in which this was tested. Inhibition was not due to cytotoxic elimination of stimulators and it was radiation sensitive. Suppression appeared to be specific but it did not seem to be restricted by HLA-A, -B, or -DR determinants. Hence, these results indicate that suppressor cells generated after priming by HLA-identical cells can regulate allogeneic proliferative responses even when they are directed to HLA differences. PMID- 6237739 TI - Maturational impairment of thymic lymphocytes in streptozotocin-induced diabetes in rats. AB - Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes in rats was associated with marked decreases in thymus weight and the number of thymic lymphocytes. Histologically, the cortical lymphocytes which were present near the cortico-medullary junction in the thymus seemed to be reduced selectively in the STZ-induced diabetes. Rosette-forming cells, which bind to guinea pig erythrocytes in the presence of fetal calf serum, were also significantly decreased. Insulin treatment allayed these intrathymic changes. Preincubation of thymic lymphocytes from diabetic rats with thymosin fraction 5 significantly enhanced the percentage of rosette-forming cells to near the control level. These results suggest that a maturational impairment of thymus cortical lymphocytes may be caused in STZ-induced diabetes with hypoinsulinemia and it may be intimately related to reductions in thymus weight and the number of thymic lymphocytes. PMID- 6237740 TI - Desensitization of contract allergy to 2,4-dinitro-1-fluorobenzene in mice. II. Characteristics of "immediate" desensitization. AB - The immediate effects and mechanisms of desensitization of contact sensitivity to 2,4-dinitro-1-fluorobenzene (DNFB) were investigated. Mice were sensitized with DNFB, desensitized with antigen 2 weeks later, and challenged 1 day after desensitization. Significant inhibition (approximately 50%) of contact sensitivity was observed after iv injections of large doses of dinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (DNBS) or dinitropenol (DNP)-labeled spleen cells. Haptenated red blood cells (RBC) did not induce any significant immediate desensitization but produced significant inhibition of an anamnestic response 2 weeks later. The immediate desensitization induced by DNBS was antigen nonspecific. Although the contact sensitivity response itself could be inhibited by afferent- or efferent acting suppressor cells, such cells were not demonstrated in desensitized animals. DNBS appears to desensitize by inactivating effector cells for contact sensitivity, although it appears that suppressor mechanisms could be activated by other physiochemical forms of the desensitizing antigen. PMID- 6237742 TI - [Toxic activity of the cellular structures of Proteus morganii]. PMID- 6237741 TI - T-cell help for the IgA response: the function of T cells from different lymphoid organs in regulating the proportions of plasma cells expressing various isotypes. AB - Differential distribution of IgA-specific primed Lyt 2- T cells (TH) in favor of gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) has been proposed to account for the high proportion of IgA-producing plasma cells at mucosal versus nonmucosal sites. We find, however, that GALT TH primed enterically with sheep red blood cells (SRBC) contain no more help for IgA responses than peripheral lymph node (PN) TH primed subcutaneously. Moreover, GALT TH are only poorly primed by enterically administered soluble protein antigen and therefore provide less help for all isotypes than PN TH primed subcutaneously with the same antigen. On the other hand, supernatants of GALT TH stimulated with concanavalin A (Con A) in vitro do help higher IgA:IgG plaque-forming cell (PFC) ratios in cultures with 2,4, 6 trinitrophenyl-SRBC (TNP-SRBC) than supernatants from PN and spleen, indicating that, when appropriately stimulated, GALT TH are capable of promoting relatively higher IgA responses than TH from other sources. Responses elicited by either SRBC-primed TH or splenic Con A supernatants in the presence of TNP-SRBC contained higher IgA:IgG PFC ratios than those elicited by linked recognition in the presence of haptenated soluble protein carrier. PMID- 6237743 TI - [Detection of antiviral antibodies in the serum of patients with multiple sclerosis]. PMID- 6237744 TI - [Mycological and epidemiological aspects of tinea pedis]. PMID- 6237746 TI - [A survey of the isolation of salmonellae from people in the South Moravian Region from 1977 to 1981]. PMID- 6237745 TI - [Determination of tetrazolium reductase activity of leukocytes on microtitration plates]. PMID- 6237747 TI - [Np6 antigenic detection of Neisseria meningitidis--noncapsular antigens (serotypes). III. Incidence of serotypes in strains of N. meningitidis isolated in Czechoslovakia between 1975 and 1982 from healthy carriers]. PMID- 6237748 TI - [Comparability of the results of studies on complement-fixation reactions in toxoplasmosis in laboratories in Czechoslovakia in 1982]. PMID- 6237749 TI - [Development of morbidity due to viral hepatitis in the population of the Western Bohemia Region]. PMID- 6237750 TI - [Skin disinfection before parenteral interventions]. PMID- 6237752 TI - Inhibition of adenosine-5'-triphosphatase activity in microtubule protein preparation by PS-K. PMID- 6237751 TI - Effect of combined administration of tryptophan with putative tryptophan pyrrolase inhibitors, DL-3-pyridylalanine, allopurinol or nicotinamide, on brain serotonin concentration. PMID- 6237753 TI - [Pharmacognostical studies on a Chinese drug, guanzhong, produced in north China]. PMID- 6237754 TI - [Pharmacognostical identification of Flemingia philippinensis]. PMID- 6237755 TI - [Time factors in the quality of Chinese drugs]. PMID- 6237756 TI - [Experimental studies on the processing methods of radix Euphorbiae kansui]. PMID- 6237757 TI - [On the quality control of Chinese herbal drugs with "heat clearing and detoxicating" properties--selection of bioassay parameters according to the therapeutic principle of traditional Chinese medicine]. PMID- 6237758 TI - [Studies on the formulation of the wax shell for honey pills. I. Orthogonal optimization of the formulation of pure-white wax shell]. PMID- 6237759 TI - [Effect of pH on hemolytic activity and stability of Astragalus membranaceus injection]. PMID- 6237760 TI - [Improved preparation of "da-cheng-qi-tang" and its clinical use]. PMID- 6237761 TI - [Quantitative determination of total alkaloids and aconitine in the root of Aconitum carmichaeli and Aconitum kusnezoffii]. PMID- 6237762 TI - [Studies on the chemical constituents of Chinese traditional drug gui-zhi of Cinnamomum cassia]. PMID- 6237763 TI - [Preparation of santalol by centrifugal-thin layer chromatographic method]. PMID- 6237764 TI - [Studies on the extraction of Chinese mineral and seashell drugs]. PMID- 6237765 TI - [Effect of qinghaosu on the frequency of occurrence of micronucleus of mouse bone marrow polychromatic erythrocytes]. PMID- 6237766 TI - [Analgesic and central nervous system inhibiting effects of total saponins extracted from the leaves of Panax notoginseng]. PMID- 6237767 TI - [Problems and prospects of discovering new drugs from Chinese traditional medicine by chemical and pharmacological screening]. PMID- 6237768 TI - [Effect of plant growth regulator on Coptis chinensis]. PMID- 6237769 TI - [Pruning and trimming of Zhiqiao tree]. PMID- 6237770 TI - [Account of my research on integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine]. PMID- 6237771 TI - [Marxist philosophic theory is a powerful weapon to explore the great treasure house of traditional Chinese medicine]. PMID- 6237772 TI - [Effect of Chinese drugs or the combination of Chinese and western drugs in the treatment of thyrotoxic exophthalmos]. PMID- 6237773 TI - [Observation on blood stasis and immune function in patients with exophthalmos at a stable stage of hyperthyroidism]. PMID- 6237774 TI - [Studies on the effect of "yi qi huo xue" and "hu zheng gu ben" on the immunologic functions in patients with cor pulmonale]. PMID- 6237775 TI - [Application of Chinese herbal drugs in renal xenogenous transplantation of the homologue]. PMID- 6237776 TI - [Treatment of 88 cases of recurrent aphthae by nourishing yin and supplementing blood]. PMID- 6237777 TI - [Treatment of disseminated encephalitis by combined traditional Chinese and western medicine]. PMID- 6237778 TI - [Effect of Chinese medicine on the morphology of megakaryocytes in patients with thrombocytopenic purpura]. PMID- 6237779 TI - [Treatment of 564 cases of wound infection with liudou leaf (Papilionaceae)]. PMID- 6237780 TI - [Effect of the zusanli acupoint of acupuncture on the electrogastrogram of man]. PMID- 6237781 TI - [Effects of Angelica sinensis on experimental myocardial infarction in dogs]. PMID- 6237782 TI - [Experimental observation on treating acute radiation sickness by replenishing vital energy and dispersing blood stasis]. PMID- 6237783 TI - [Effect of "si jun zi tang" and its constituents on phagocytosis of macrophages in the peritoneal cavity of mice]. PMID- 6237785 TI - [Experiment design in the treatment of hepatitis with an integrated method]. PMID- 6237784 TI - [Effect of "si jun zi tang" on nucleic acid contents of the thymus gland and T lymphocytes in the peripheral circulation]. PMID- 6237786 TI - [A preliminary exploration of approaches to the study of the integration of Chinese and western drugs]. PMID- 6237787 TI - [A study on traditional Chinese medicine and immunology]. PMID- 6237789 TI - [Present situation and outlook of traditional Chinese medicine-western medicine]. PMID- 6237788 TI - [On the "independent development" of traditional Chinese medicine]. PMID- 6237790 TI - [Long-term effect of non-operative therapy according to the combined traditional Chinese and western medicine in cholelithiasis]. PMID- 6237791 TI - [Diagnosis and treatment of 4 types of acute abdominal disease with combined traditional and western medicine--clinical analysis of 1,301 cases]. PMID- 6237792 TI - [Clinical analysis of 211 cases of acute obstructive suppurative cholangitis treated with combined traditional Chinese and western medicine]. PMID- 6237793 TI - [Effect of carthamus tinctorius Co. injection on the changes in blood rheology after surgery]. PMID- 6237794 TI - [A follow-up of 130 cases of old diaphyseal fractures of the extremities with deformities treated with closed reduction]. PMID- 6237795 TI - [Study on the mechanism of pulling and shaking manipulation in the treatment of lateral condyle humerus fracture]. PMID- 6237796 TI - [A preliminary study on the correlation between types of chronic glomerulonephritis classified by traditional Chinese medicine and pathological findings of renal biopsy]. PMID- 6237797 TI - [The value of urine-osmotic pressure measurement in the differentiation of Yin Yang deficiency and excess syndromes--analysis of 100 cases]. PMID- 6237798 TI - [Study on the biologically active constituents of Astragalus membranaceus]. PMID- 6237800 TI - [Animal models used to study the therapeutic effect and mechanism of Chinese herbal drugs in the treatment of psoriasis]. PMID- 6237799 TI - [Study on pharmacodynamic effect of human biliary calculi]. PMID- 6237801 TI - [Treatment of 5 cases of severe systemic lupus erythematosus with combined traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine]. PMID- 6237802 TI - [The pattern effect of clinical diagnosis and treatment]. PMID- 6237804 TI - [A history of unity and cooperation between traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine in the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia border region]. PMID- 6237805 TI - Streptozotocin-induced liver tumors in the Syrian hamster. AB - Streptozotocin was administered in a dose of 50 mg/kg body weight intraperitoneally on three consecutive days to 35 8-week old male Syrian golden hamsters. At sacrifice 16-36 weeks later, macroscopic liver tumors had developed in 27 of 29 surviving animals. The majority of animals had multiple hepatic nodules. Some tumors were already large (greater than 1 cm) 16 weeks after streptozotocin. By histologic criteria, five animals (17%) had hepatocellular carcinoma, 23 (79%) had adenomas with varying degrees of atypia, and one (4%) had a normal liver. No metastases to organs outside the liver were noted. No other primary tumors were observed. Sixteen of 29 animals had ascites. Twenty-five age matched untreated animals showed no evidence of liver tumors. Although sporadic liver tumors due to streptozotocin have been reported in rats and mice, the high incidence of tumors and short latency period to tumor induction seem to be unique to the Syrian hamster. The development of liver carcinoma without the necessity for long-term administration of the carcinogen and without adjunctive procedures such as partial hepatectomy represents a potential improvement over other animal models of hepatic neoplasia. PMID- 6237803 TI - [History of my research in integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine. II]. PMID- 6237806 TI - Lack of an effect of dietary retinoids in chemical carcinogenesis of the mouse mammary gland: inverse relationship between mammary tumor cell anaplasia and retinoid efficacy. AB - Feeding of retinyl acetate (0.2 mM) or N-(4-hydroxyphenyl) retinamide (4-HPR) (1.0 mM) for 27 weeks to female BD2F1 mice previously treated with a series of gastric intubations of 7,12-dimethylbenzanthracene (DMBA), did not significantly affect the incidence of mammary tumors. In the retinyl acetate study, 75 retinyl acetate fed mice developed 31 mammary adenocarcinomas and 19 mammary adenoacanthomas (50 total mammary tumors) while 75 control mice developed 22 mammary adenocarcinomas and 20 mammary adenoacanthomas (42 total mammary tumors). In the 4-HPR study, 74 4-HPR fed mice developed 45 mammary adenocarcinomas and 41 mammary adenoacanthomas (86 total mammary tumors) while 74 control mice developed 29 mammary adenocarcinomas and 44 mammary adenoacanthomas (73 total mammary tumors). Retinoid treatments did not significantly affect body weight gains or mortality rates. These results provide evidence that carcinogen induced mouse mammary gland tumorigenesis in vivo is not influenced by hyperalimentation of dietary retinoids. PMID- 6237807 TI - Effect of heparin bonding on catheter-induced fibrin formation and platelet activation. AB - Pathologic and experimental evidence indicates that platelet activation and fibrin formation contribute to the pathogenesis of angina pectoris, coronary vasospasm and myocardial infarction. Detection of localized intravascular platelet activation and fibrin formation in vivo by selective blood sampling requires catheters that do not induce coagulation ex vivo. We studied the effect of heparin bonding of catheter surfaces on activation of the coagulation system by cardiovascular catheters. Woven Dacron, polyvinylchloride, and polyurethane catheters were tested and compared with identical catheters with heparin-bonded surfaces in 47 patients undergoing percutaneous cardiac catheterization. Platelet activation was measured by radioimmunoassay of plasma platelet factor 4 (PF4), beta-thromboglobulin (BTG), and thromboxane B2 (TXB2) in blood samples withdrawn through catheters, and fibrin formation was assessed by determination of fibrinopeptide A (FPA) levels. In blood samples collected through conventional catheters, FPA, PF4, BTG, and TXB2 levels were markedly elevated; blood sampling through heparin-bonded catheters had no significant effect on FPA, PF4, BTG, or TXB2 levels. Scanning electron microscopy disclosed extensive platelet aggregates and fibrin strands adherent to the surface of conventional catheters but not to heparin-bonded catheter surfaces. This study demonstrates that (1) collection of blood samples through cardiovascular catheters causes artifactual elevation of FPA, PF4, BTG, and TXB2 levels, and (2) heparin-bonded catheter surfaces effectively prevent catheter-induced platelet alpha-granule release and fibrin formation on catheter surfaces. Heparin-bonded catheters will facilitate investigation of the role of intravascular coagulation in coronary artery disease by eliminating catheter-induced fibrin formation and platelet activation. PMID- 6237808 TI - Balloon dilatation angioplasty: nonsurgical management of coarctation of the aorta. AB - Balloon dilatation angioplasty was successfully performed in five patients (ages 18 months to 17 years) with discrete aortic coarctation. The catheter size was No. 8F or 9F. Selection of balloon diameter was based on angiographic measurements of the aorta determined proximal and distal to the coarctation site. A 10 sec inflation-deflation cycle at 6 to 8 atmospheres (90 to 120 psi) was performed. The systolic pressure gradients across the coarctation before balloon dilatation angioplasty ranged from 35 to 70 mm Hg. Systolic pressure gradients after balloon dilatation angioplasty ranged from 0 to 10 mm Hg. All patients had normalized blood pressure immediately. Abnormal pulsed Doppler echocardiograms were observed in all patients before balloon dilatation angioplasty; four patients had normal echocardiograms after balloon dilatation angioplasty. No serious intraprocedural complications occurred. One patient required femoral artery thrombectomy 36 hr after balloon dilatation angioplasty. One to 6 months after balloon dilatation angioplasty no patients have evidence of restenosis of coarctation. Early results suggest that balloon dilatation angioplasty may offer a safe and effective nonsurgical alternative for the treatment of discrete coarctation in older infants and children. Long-term follow-up for the incidence of restenosis and formation of aneurysms will ultimately determine the efficacy and safety of this procedure. PMID- 6237809 TI - Cutaneous reactions to captopril. Predictive value of skin tests. AB - Cutaneous reactions associated with captopril treatment occurred in fifteen out of eighty-nine patients (17%). Dose reduction invariably led to improvement of the reaction but later recurrences were frequent (six patients). In four out of the fifteen patients captopril withdrawal ultimately was necessary. Skin tests and in vitro lymphocyte transformation tests with captopril were performed in these fifteen patients and also in nine captopril-treated control patients without adverse reactions. Positive epicutaneous skin tests were observed in five out of the fifteen patients including the four in whom captopril had to be withdrawn, but in none of the controls. Intracutaneous skin tests were positive in ten of the patients with cutaneous reactions and in two control patients. Captopril-induced in vitro lymphocyte transformation occurred in most patients with cutaneous reactions whereas in control patients captopril suppressed the in vitro lymphocyte proliferative response. Skin biopsies revealed histologic changes consistent with lymphocytic vasculitis. We conclude that epicutaneous skin tests with captopril are helpful in predicting the necessity of captopril withdrawal. PMID- 6237810 TI - Cholesterol fractions and triglycerides in children and adults with Down's syndrome. AB - In 186 patients with Down's syndrome (age 1-68 yr) total cholesterol and triglycerides were determined, quantitative lipoprotein electrophoresis was performed and cholesterol fractions and beta/alpha-lipoprotein ratios were calculated. A reference group of 51 non-mongoloid mentally handicapped adults living in the same institutions were examined in the same way. Patients' total cholesterol, beta-cholesterol and triglycerides did not differ from the controls. However, alpha-cholesterol was significantly lower and the beta/alpha-lipoprotein ratio significantly higher in patients, findings which are associated in the general population with a high risk for premature atherosclerosis. Interestingly, mortality causes and pathological findings in Down's syndrome show no increased frequency of cardiovascular diseases. PMID- 6237811 TI - Potassium and the heart. AB - The electrical stability of the heart is more sensitive to the extracellular than to the intracellular potassium concentration. During exercise, extracellular potassium varies rapidly. Catecholamines also modulate the plasma potassium concentration. Hypokalaemia of any cause can precipitate arrhythmias. Ischaemic myocardium loses potassium into the extracellular space within seconds and the cell becomes depolarized. The rise of the extracellular potassium ion concentration accounts for many of the early electrophysiological changes. Abrupt changes of plasma potassium concentration in normal myocardium and a high potassium concentration in ischaemic myocardium can set up electrical forces which initiate arrhythmias. The same phenomenon can account for changes on the electrocardiogram early after the cessation of an exercise test in a patient with ischaemic heart disease. Accumulation of potassium between cells in response to an increase of heart rate is a possible mechanism for false positive exercise tests and Syndrome X. PMID- 6237812 TI - Response of rosacea to isotretinoin. PMID- 6237813 TI - T-cell abnormalities in inflammatory bowel disease are mediated by interleukin 2. AB - Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) may be an immunologically mediated disorder in which T cells are unable to respond appropriately to cell surface-associated antigens. To test this possibility, 37 patients with IBD, 24 with Crohn's disease and 13 with ulcerative colitis who were not being treated with immunosuppressive therapy were studied. The ability of T cells to proliferate in response to autologous or allogeneic cells, i.e., the autologous or allogeneic mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) was tested. The autologous MLR was depressed using patient cells compared to control cells, regardless of disease type or activity (1564 +/- 223 cpm versus 3300 +/- 381 cpm, P less than 0.05) while the allogeneic MLR was depressed in patients with active disease only (29,833 +/- 2871 cpm versus 46,799 +/- 3340 cpm, P less than 0.01). The ability of T cells to recognize and lyse allogeneic cells, allogeneic cell-mediated lympholysis (CML), was also low in patients with active disease (24 +/- 4% versus 37 +/- 3%, P less than 0.05). Since T-cell proliferation and cytotoxicity depend upon adequate production of and response to a T-cell growth factor, interleukin 2 (IL-2), IL-2 production and responsiveness in IBD were studied. IL-2 production by patient T cells in response to phytohemagglutinin was only 39% of control values, P less than 0.05. The response to IL-2 was measured by the increase in T-cell proliferation in the autologous MLR in medium alone or medium supplemented with IL-2. Control T-cell proliferation rose from 3300 +/- 381 cpm to 10,761 +/- 428 cpm with exogenous IL-2 (P less than 0.001). Patient T-cell proliferation rose from 1564 +/- 223 cpm to 6817 +/- 771 cpm with IL-2 (P less than 0.001) but did not reach the level of the IL-2-supplemented control autologous MLR (P less than 0.05). In addition, the percentage of activated patient T cells having Tac antigen (IL-2 receptor) was depressed (P less than 0.05). These findings did not vary with disease type or activity. It is concluded from these data that peripheral blood T lymphocytes from patients with IBD have a diminished response to cell surface antigens which is associated with a decrease in IL-2 production and receptor generation. These defects may be responsible for the depressed T cell proliferation and cytotoxicity that accompany IBD. PMID- 6237814 TI - Abnormalities of in vitro immunoglobulin synthesis by peripheral blood lymphocytes from patients with essential mixed cryoglobulinemia. AB - Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with essential mixed cryoglobulinemia (EMC) were studied for their ability to differentiate into cells containing cytoplasmic immunoglobulins (Ig) and to synthetize Ig after in vitro pokeweed mitogen activation. EMC lymphocytes showed a significant defective differentiation and Ig synthesis compared to normal controls. Coculture experiments carried out mixing enriched normal T- and EMC B-cell suspensions, and vice versa, showed that (a) the EMC B-cell-defective Ig synthesis still persisted after removal of suppressor activity by irradiation, both with autologous and with normal allogeneic T suspensions and (b) EMC T cells displayed a less efficient activity in helping Ig production by normal B lymphocytes. A comparable, reduced response was also found after activation with Staphylococcus aureus strain Cowan I. Taken together these results seem to indicate that in essential mixed cryoglobulinemia an impaired T-cell helper activity coexists with a B-lymphocyte impairment. The significance of these abnormalities in the pathogenesis of EMC is discussed. PMID- 6237815 TI - Effect of plasmapheresis on cellular immunity abnormalities in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - The effect of plasmapheresis on cellular immunity was studied in 10 patients with active lupus erythematosus (SLE) by evaluating before and after treatment the percentage of E-rosette forming cells (E-RFC), the inhibitory effect of patients' sera on rosette formation by normal lymphocytes, the Con A-induced suppressor activity and T-cell subsets studied by means of monoclonal antibodies. After plasmapheresis a significant improvement was observed in E-rosette formation and in Con A-induced suppressor activity, along with a marked reduction in the inhibitory effect of patients' sera on rosette formation. No change was observed in the number and percentage of T-cell subsets. These findings suggest that plasmapheresis may remove some circulating factors responsible for the immunoregulatory T-cell dysfunction observed in patients with active SLE. PMID- 6237816 TI - Human renal allograft and peripheral blood T lymphocyte subpopulations during the onset and treatment of rejection. AB - In order to study the changes in T lymphocyte subpopulations in both allografts and peripheral blood of patients following renal transplantation, we have examined 72 fine needle allograft aspirates and 56 peripheral blood samples from 24 patients during the first month following transplantation. The patients were studied before, during and after rejection episodes. Monoclonal antibodies directed against T helper (TH) and T cytotoxic/suppressor (TCS) cells were used to identify lymphocyte subpopulations in the allograft aspirates and peripheral blood. The ratio of TH:TCS cells in both the allograft aspirates and peripheral blood decreased significantly (p less than 0.01) during the three days before rejection became clinically manifest. During rejection, the aspirate TH:TCS ratios, but not the peripheral blood TH:TCS ratios, remained depressed. Following successful treatment for rejection, the aspirate TH:TCS ratios returned to levels found in non-rejecting allografts. However, in the allografts which were lost as a result of rejection or had persistent rejection despite treatment, the aspirate TH:TCS ratios, but not peripheral blood TH:TCS ratios, remained significantly low (p less than 0.01) when compared with the successfully treated allografts. Our study indicates that TH:TCS ratios, particularly in allograft aspirates, may be of value in predicting the onset and outcome of renal allograft rejection. PMID- 6237817 TI - Regulation of IGE synthesis in man. PMID- 6237818 TI - Treatment of chronic low-back pain. A community-based comprehensive return-to work physical rehabilitation program. AB - A retrospective evaluation of treatment methods used in 1981 and 1982 and the subsequent rate of return to work was conducted on 350 consecutive patients with low-back pain. Two hundred nine patients completed 12 or more treatments in sessions that occurred three times a week. Of these, 120 were chronically disabled. The program aimed at maximizing function and return to work through graded exercise, biomechanics education, work simulation exercises, endurance activities, and flexibility training. All patients remained under the care of their own physicians. Return-to-work or work status improvement was accomplished in 58.1% of the patients. The working hypothesis is that in many back-disabled patients the original cause of disability healed or resolved, and current symptoms were often attributable to deconditioning fear and poor biomechanics. Conservative management is effective in returning many chronic back-pain patients to economic productivity. PMID- 6237819 TI - A comparison of CT scanning and myelography in the diagnosis of lumbar disc herniation. AB - Computerized tomographic (CT) scanning of the fourth and fifth lumbar disc spaces with the GE CT/T8800 scanner followed by metrizamide myelography was obtained for 134 consecutive patients with suspected lumbar disc disease. There was an overall concordance rate of 85% between CT scanning and myelography. In those 52 patients treated by surgery, concordance between the CT and the myelogram was similar at 86.5%. Myelography and surgical findings were in agreement in 94.2% of cases, while CT findings and surgical finding agreed in 92.3% of cases. The authors' data indicate that the CT scan is as accurate as myelography in the diagnosis of lumbar disc disease. When the CT scan interpretation is supported by clinical findings, the myelogram may be eliminated in the preoperative patient. Myelography may be reserved for equivocal cases. PMID- 6237820 TI - Destruction of rabbit knee hyaline cartilage associated with surface antigen antibody interaction during the Arthus reaction of antigen-induced arthritis. AB - Ultrastructural changes occurring in rabbit hyaline cartilage were studied during the early stages of antigen-induced arthritis. After one hour, small deposits of electron-dense material (EDM) were noted at depths up to about 3 micron from the surface. During subsequent stages, the number of EDM deposits did not increase, but by 12 hours they had grown to large aggregates. At the surface, extensive deposition and growth eventually resulted in exfoliation of surface layers of cartilage, exposing a fissured matrix. From previous evidence, EDM has been equated with immune complexes (antigen and homologous antibody). The mechanism of cartilage destruction is therefore closely linked to reactions of antigen and antibody within the hyaline cartilage. Mechanical and/or biochemic processes may be involved, but cells do not appear to participate in the destructive process, at least not in regions remote from pannus. PMID- 6237821 TI - Detection of unsuspected malignant pleural effusion by bone scan. AB - Technetium-99m phosphate compounds may occasionally accumulate in malignant pleural effusions. A case of metastatic pleural effusion first diagnosed by bone scan, prior to its clinical or roentgenographic detection, is reported. PMID- 6237822 TI - The solitary hand lesion: bone scintigraphy of monostotic fibrous dysplasia. PMID- 6237823 TI - Metastatic calcification of the stomach imaged on a bone scan. AB - A whole body bone scan obtained on a 21-year-old woman with sickle cell disease and chronic renal failure showed localization of the radionuclide diffusely in the stomach. The localization of the radionuclide represented metastatic calcification of the stomach caused by secondary hyperparathyroidism. PMID- 6237824 TI - Unusual persistence of Tc-99m MDP uptake in the incisional scar after thoracotomy. AB - Postoperative scar is one of the causes of extraosseous localization of Tc-99m phosphonate bone agents. Usually, an incisional scar will not be visualized in a Tc-99m phosphonate skeletal image two weeks after surgery. A case is reported with an unusually persistent localization of radiotracer in the scar of a thoracotomy seen in three consecutive bone images done beyond two weeks postoperatively. This patient suffered from "pulmonary insufficiency" before and after the thoracotomy. The abnormal radiotracer localization in the scar is presumably related to his pulmonary insufficiency, with resulting relatively delayed wound healing. PMID- 6237825 TI - Polyostotic fibrous dysplasia. AB - Fibrous dysplasia, a bone dysplasia of unknown pathogenesis, may be either monostotic or polyostotic. Not only is the femur involved in nearly all cases of the polyostotic form, but a distinct unilateral predilection is often noted. The following case illustrates the classic polyostotic changes. PMID- 6237826 TI - Methylene diphosphonate uptake in traumatized muscles. PMID- 6237827 TI - Muscle localization of Tc-99m MDP after exertion. AB - Very high muscle uptake of Tc-99m MDP was seen two days after the start of a program of vigorous weight-lifting exercises. Localization of Tc-99m bone tracer in muscle that has been damaged by exertion may be a more common phenomenon than is recognized at present. PMID- 6237828 TI - Unexplained transient splenic uptake of Tc-99m MDP in bronchogenic carcinoma. AB - A patient with squamous cell carcinoma of the lung had splenic uptake of Tc-99m MDP on two consecutive bone scans, but not on a third. There was no intervening therapy. At autopsy the spleen was grossly and microscopically normal. PMID- 6237829 TI - Myoglobinuria with acute renal failure and hot kidneys seen on bone imaging. AB - We report a case of myoglobinuria secondary to prolonged seizures. The child showed "hot kidneys" with bone scintigraphy. The disease entity and etiologies of nontraumatic rhabdomyolysis are discussed. PMID- 6237830 TI - Chest radionuclide angiography in the evaluation of pulmonary masses. AB - A retrospective analysis of 104 chest radionuclide angiography (CRNA) studies establishes the utility of this procedure in the evaluation of pulmonary malignancies and benign masses. Remarkable abnormalities in the perfusion of the lungs were identified in 36 (58%) of 62 cases that were not predictably normal or predictably abnormal form the clinical setting. While 60 of these 62 cases involved malignancy being evaluated for metastases, only 21 (34%) had metastases identified by radionuclide bone or liver-spleen scintigraphy. In addition to diagnosis of superior vena cava obstruction, the CRNA may have a more frequent application as an adjunct to routine scintigraphic studies directed to the identification of metastatic disease. PMID- 6237832 TI - Perivascular soft tissue spread of osteosarcoma. AB - Skeletal scintigraphy of a distal femoral osteosarcoma revealed a band of soft tissue uptake in the medial thigh extending to the groin, which corresponded to direct perivascular tumor extension. PMID- 6237831 TI - Scintigraphic features of giant cell tumor. AB - The scintigraphic appearance of giant cell tumor of bone in six patients is presented. Patients were studied by means of Tc-99m MDP bone scanning. On early blood pool and delayed imaging, markedly increased activity was noted, characteristically displaying a "ring" pattern that is readily discernible from patterns seen in bone cysts and nonosteogenic fibroma. The extent of the lesion, as judged by scintigraphic techniques, was roughly equal to estimates of extent by other radiographic modalities. Only one example of a different lesion mimicking giant cell tumor was encountered in over 100 cases of a variety of primary bone neoplasms reviewed. We conclude that giant cell tumor has a characteristic scintigraphic appearance. PMID- 6237833 TI - Multi-imaging demonstration of distant metastases from ovarian carcinoma. AB - An unusual case of ovarian carcinoma is presented with extra-abdominal soft tissue metastasis. These demonstrate calcification on plain films and CT, as well as avid uptake of Tc-99m MDP. PMID- 6237834 TI - A positive indium-III bone marrow scan in metastatic breast carcinoma. Case report. AB - Indium is generally presumed to localize in the bone marrow within the erythroid cell line. Fibrosis, inflammation, lymphoma, extended field radiation, chemotherapy, or combinations of both treatment modalities generally depress the uptake of indium by the marrow a complex fashion. We report a case of metastatic breast carcinoma and pancytopenia in which the In-111 scan appeared qualitatively similar to a Tc-99m MDP bone scan. Findings were confirmed by bone marrow biopsy. PMID- 6237835 TI - The role of gallium and bone scintigraphy in disseminated coccidioidomycosis. AB - The osseous lesions of disseminated coccidioidomycosis may be detected by bone but not by gallium scintigraphy or vice versa. This case emphasizes the need for performing both bone and gallium scans to avoid missing potentially serious bone lesions. PMID- 6237836 TI - Acute kinetic and dynamic interactions of zimelidine with ethanol. AB - The acute interaction of zimelidine (Z) with ethanol (E) was examined in six healthy men aged 20 to 37 yr who randomly received each of four treatments 1 wk apart: Z, 200 mg by mouth, preceded by 1 hr and followed for 7 hr of oral E in juice dosed to maintain blood alcohol concentrations between 800 and 1000 mg/l; placebo Z and E; Z and juice; and placebo Z and juice. E decreased the rate of biotransformation of Z to norzimelidine (NZ) by 46%, but the AUCs of Z, NZ, and their total concentration over 8 hr were not altered by E. Acetaldehyde concentrations did not change and no aversive alcohol-sensitizing reaction was detected. E-induced impairments in memory, body sway, and a manual tracking task were further enhanced by Z, as was the E-induced decrease in friendliness. Data suggest Z and E interact kinetically and dynamically and suggest a mechanism whereby Z may decrease E intake in man. PMID- 6237837 TI - Decreased phosphofructokinase activity in skeletal muscle of diabetic rats. AB - The activities of phosphofructokinase, aldolase and pyruvate kinase were diminished in extracts from skeletal muscle of streptozotocin diabetic rats, whereas the activities of glucose phosphate isomerase and phosphoglucomutase were not changed. Treatment of diabetic rats with insulin restored the activity of phosphofructokinase to normal. A kinetic study of the partially purified enzyme from normal and diabetic rats showed identical Michaelis constants for ATP and equal sensitivity to inhibition by excess of this substrate. Extracts of quick frozen muscle from diabetic rats had higher levels of citrate (an inhibitor of phosphofructokinase) and lower levels of D-fructose-1,6-bisphosphate and D glucose-1,6-bisphosphate (activators of this enzyme). The levels of D-fructose-6 phosphate, D-glucose-6-phosphate, ATP, ADP and AMP were the same for the two groups. Our data suggest that the in vivo decrease of phosphofructokinase activity in skeletal muscle of diabetic rats is due to a decrease in the level of the enzymatically active protein as well as to an unfavorable change in the level of several of its allosteric modulators. PMID- 6237839 TI - Preliminary experiences with intervention techniques for coronary artery disease. AB - Some aspects of new intervention techniques being used rather successfully at the Catharina Hospital in Eindhoven are discussed. These techniques include percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty in coronary artery stenosis as well as in bypass graft occlusion. Attention is given to the role of the radiologist in these procedures. Streptokinase infusion therapy both for total occlusion of coronary artery and bypass graft will be discussed. PMID- 6237838 TI - Effectiveness of various preventive methodologies for use with disabled persons. PMID- 6237840 TI - Haemorrhage associated with large abdominal aortic aneurysms. AB - Two patients are described who each had a major haemorrhage after minor surgery and who additionally had large abdominal aortic aneurysms. Neither had depletion of platelets or coagulation factors sufficient to account for bleeding. Both had grossly enhanced fibrinolytic activity with evidence of plasmin generation in the circulation. In one patient insertion of an aortic graft was rapidly followed by resolution of the fibrinolytic abnormalities. Overactive fibrinolysis, rather than coagulation factor consumption may account for some of the bleeding syndromes complicating abdominal aortic aneurysms. PMID- 6237841 TI - [New perspectives in oxygen therapy of chronic obstructive bronchopneumopathies]. PMID- 6237842 TI - [Renal tubular acidosis in chronic hepatopathies]. PMID- 6237843 TI - [Comparative study of various schedules of buflomedil treatment in peripheral arterial insufficiency of the lower limbs. Evaluation of its therapeutic efficacy]. PMID- 6237844 TI - [Use of ornithine carbamoyltransferase in the treatment of liver diseases]. PMID- 6237845 TI - [Normokaliuretic hypokalemia during inadapamide treatment of hypertension]. PMID- 6237846 TI - [Clinical problem of hyperprolactinemia in gynecology: behavior of salivary testosterone in hyperprolactinemia with anovulation]. PMID- 6237847 TI - [Therapy of polymyalgia rheumatica]. PMID- 6237848 TI - [Acquired Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. Description of a case with mitral valve disease and atrial fibrillation]. PMID- 6237849 TI - [Occupational risk due to asbestos]. PMID- 6237850 TI - [Pharmacokinetic bases of the monitoring of antiepileptic drugs]. PMID- 6237851 TI - [Effect of sorbinicate on blood proteins and platelet aggregation in patients with coronary disease]. PMID- 6237852 TI - [Clinical aspects of polycystic syndrome of the ovary: the behavior of salivary testosterone and estrone]. PMID- 6237853 TI - [The salmon calcitonin-antiinflammatory association in the treatment of painful spondyloarthrosis. Clinico-experimental study]. PMID- 6237854 TI - [Calcitonin in the treatment of coxarthrosis]. PMID- 6237855 TI - [Magnesium: recent findings in physiopathology, clinical aspects and therapy]. PMID- 6237856 TI - [Prostaglandins, indomethacin and the physiopathology of various systems]. PMID- 6237857 TI - [Clinico-diagnostic approach to the patient with erection disorders]. PMID- 6237858 TI - [Hemorrhage of the upper gastrointestinal tract]. PMID- 6237859 TI - [Drug targeting with allogeneic IgG in patients with disseminated neuroblastoma]. PMID- 6237860 TI - [Rheologic therapy of peripheral arteriopathies. Personal observations on the use of flunarizin]. PMID- 6237861 TI - [Metadoxine in the treatment of vomiting in uremic patients under dialysis treatment]. PMID- 6237863 TI - [Treatment of chronic hepatopathies with phosphorylcholine and pantethine]. PMID- 6237862 TI - [Controlled clinical study on beta-acetyldigoxin]. PMID- 6237864 TI - [Research on pathology prevalent in old age]. PMID- 6237865 TI - [Viral infections and pregnancy: rubella]. PMID- 6237866 TI - [Current trends in the treatment of diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 6237868 TI - [Up-date of the chemotherapy of carcinoma of the colo-rectum: our experience with 5-fluorouracil and folinic acid in high doses]. PMID- 6237867 TI - [Viral hepatitis in drug-addicts: anatomo-clinical correlations]. PMID- 6237869 TI - [Preventive effect of ketotifen in allergic rhinitis caused by grasses]. PMID- 6237870 TI - [Evaluation of the clinical efficacy of fosfomycin in soluble tablets in the therapy of infectious processes of the oral cavity]. PMID- 6237872 TI - [Phagocytic deficiencies]. PMID- 6237871 TI - [Chemotherapy of gastrointestinal cancer in the advanced stage with a combination of 5-fluorouracil, adriamycin, mitomycin C (FAM). A non-controlled study]. PMID- 6237873 TI - [Current attitudes in monitoring pregnancies complicated by EPH gestosis]. PMID- 6237874 TI - [Risk and toxicity of chromium pollution]. PMID- 6237875 TI - Contact dermatitis to wood wool. PMID- 6237877 TI - Contact urticaria from paraphenylenediamine. PMID- 6237876 TI - Contact sensitivity to thiourea in photocopy paper. PMID- 6237879 TI - Protein contact dermatitis with positive RAST caused by bovine blood and amniotic fluid. PMID- 6237878 TI - Phenolformaldehyde resin in paper. PMID- 6237880 TI - Contact dermatitis from the epoxy resins tetraglycidyl-4,4'-methylene dianiline and o-diglycidyl phthalate in composite material. AB - An outbreak of dermatitis occurred in an aircraft factory using epoxy resin composite material. Of 25 operatives, 14 gave positive patch test reactions to the composite material and/or diglycidylether of bisphenol A (DGEBA), tetraglycidyl-4,4'-methylene dianiline (TGMDA), and o-diglycidyl phthalate. This report seems to be the first to demonstrate contact allergy to the two last mentioned epoxy resins. The diglycidylether of bisphenol A used in routine test series picked up only 3 cases of 12 tested. PMID- 6237881 TI - Photosensitivity to musk ambrette. AB - Photosensitivity to musk ambrette was confirmed in 15 men previously photopatch tested and in a further 4 men currently attending the clinic. 6 of the recalled patients continued to react adversely to sunlight due either to unrecognised exposure to musk ambrette or to their having become persistent light reactors. Positive photopatch tests, possibly cross reactions, were seen in 3 of the 19 patients with the structurally-related nitromusks, moskene and musk xylene but not with musks ketone and tibetine. Musk ambrette elicited a positive patch test without light in 3 of the 19 patients. PMID- 6237882 TI - Renovascular hypertension. PMID- 6237884 TI - The experimental evaluation of a carbon-polylactic acid mesh for a ventral herniorrhaphy. PMID- 6237885 TI - Is psoriasis a disease of the immune system? PMID- 6237883 TI - Local immune complex formation and pathogenesis of glomerulonephritis. PMID- 6237886 TI - Acne fulminans and myositis. AB - Acne fulminans is characterized by highly inflammatory ulcerative lesions and systemic manifestations. We report a case of acne fulminans and myositis. In addition to having typical skin changes, the patient was unable to walk and electromyographic studies showed significant changes. PMID- 6237887 TI - An in vitro and in vivo study of a BrdU-sensitive fragile site in the Chinese hamster. AB - The frequencies of chromosome aberrations and development of the bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU)-sensitive fragile site were studied in vitro in Chinese hamster kidney and bone marrow cells and in vivo in Chinese hamster bone marrow cells. Chromosome aberrations in these cell systems were measured in response to different concentrations of BrdU, fluorodeoxyuridine, or both. The fragile site was found in both homologues of chromosome 1 at 1q22. Treatment with BrdU in vitro but not in vivo produces significant chromosome aberrations. About 50% of chromosome aberrations found after treatment in vitro were at the BrdU-sensitive fragile site compared with 12.5% after treatment in vivo. These results show that BrdU is much more potent in vitro than in vivo in inducing both chromosome aberrations and the expression of the BrdU-sensitive site. PMID- 6237888 TI - A comparison of sister chromatid exchange frequencies in peripheral lymphocytes and bone marrow cells of Fischer 344 and Sprague-Dawley rats. AB - We have investigated spontaneous sister chromatid exchange (SCE) frequencies in peripheral lymphocytes and bone marrow cells explanted from two strains of the laboratory rat, Fischer 344 and Sprague-Dawley. A small, but significant difference was noted for both cell types, with the Fischer 344 rat being consistently higher. Other cell parameters, such as the mitotic index and the replicative index, were similar in the two strains. SCE levels in cultured peripheral lymphocytes after intraperitoneal administration of the alkylating drug cyclophosphamide (10 mg/kg) were similar for the two strains. Fischer 344 rats are known to have approximately a 10-fold higher incidence of spontaneous leukemia than do Sprague-Dawley rats. Since SCE frequency is a sensitive measure of DNA damage, our observations suggest that high leukemia incidence in the Fischer 344 rat may be related to a higher level of spontaneous DNA damage. PMID- 6237890 TI - Pharmacokinetic studies of norfloxacin in laboratory animals. AB - Pharmacokinetic studies were conducted with norfloxacin administered by the oral and subcutaneous routes to mice and rats, and by the oral route to rhesus monkeys. The compound was moderately well absorbed following oral dosing in these animal species. Serum levels in monkeys ranged from 1.0 to 2.35 micrograms/ml after an oral drug dose of 25 mg/kg of animal body weight and were similar to those in mice. Serum half-life of norfloxacin in rodents and monkeys was similar to that in humans. Concentrations of norfloxacin in tissues of mice, rats and monkeys were greater than those in serum suggesting a large volume of distribution for the drug. PMID- 6237891 TI - [Osteopathy and dental practice]. PMID- 6237889 TI - Plasmid, phage, and genomic DNA-mediated transfer and expression of prokaryotic and eukaryotic genes in cultured human cells. AB - Transfection of mammalian cells with genomic DNA and cloned genes is now relatively routine. However, the vast majority of studies have used rodent cells as recipients. Here we describe efficient transfection of two human cell lines, the hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT)-deficient HeLa line, D98/AH-2, and the adenine phosphoribosyltransferase (APRT)-deficient HT1080 line, HTD114. D98/AH-2 cells were transfected with the pSV2-gpt plasmid of Mulligan and Berg, which contains the E. coli xanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (gpt) gene, and Gpt + transfectants were selected in HAT medium. HTD114 cells were transfected with (1) genomic hamster DNA, and ouabain resistant transfectants were selected in 5 X 10(-7)M ouabain; (2) with hamster and mouse genomic DNA, and Aprt + cells were selected in AAA medium; (3) with plasmids containing either the cloned hamster or mouse APRT genes, and Aprt + cells were selected; and (4) with phage particles containing a cloned mouse APRT gene, and Aprt + cells were selected. Transfection efficiencies ranged from 0.25 to 1.5 X 10(3) transfectants per microgram DNA, and in certain cases secondary transfections were done. Foreign DNA in recipients was detected by blot hybridization, and the expression of foreign genes was detected by cell growth in selective media and the expression of enzymes characteristic of the species of the donor DNA. The majority of transfectants showed stable expression of the transgenome. PMID- 6237892 TI - [Bone scintigraphy with Tc 99m MDP in the study of late complications of total hip prosthesis]. PMID- 6237893 TI - [Investigation on the formation of pigment biliary stone]. PMID- 6237894 TI - Management of a subcutaneous colostomy perforation. The role of a new synthetic skin. AB - Colostomy perforation is an infrequent but often disastrous and lethal complication. In the majority of patients, the traumatic perforation occurs during irrigation through the colostomy stoma. This case report reviews the clinical course of a patient with a subcutaneous colostomy perforation and the subsequent development of an extensive abscess. Aspects of the management included mobilization of the colostomy and thorough surgical debridement and drainage. In addition, the report introduces the use of the new semisynthetic biologic dressing, BioBrane. This synthetic, semipermeable skin substitute served as a temporary dressing, provided good stability, and supported the application of a stoma appliance. PMID- 6237896 TI - [Determination of blood pressure by a Doppler flowmeter]. PMID- 6237897 TI - Doxorubicin-induced hypersensitivity reactions. AB - An uncommon side effect of the anthracycline antibiotics is allergic reactions. We report three patients treated with doxorubicin hydrochloride who developed systemic hypersensitivity reactions to the drug. In all three cases, the onset of the reaction coincided with the initiation of the doxorubicin, and was confirmed by rechallenge with the drug. An urticarial rash with pruritus was the primary clinical manifestation seen in all cases. All reactions responded to treatment with diphenhydramine, or diphenhydramine and hydrocortisone. None of the reactions were life-threatening or required hospitalization of the patient. In two patients, use of the drug was discontinued because of the reaction. Pretreatment with diphenhydramine, prednisone, and cimetidine may have reduced the severity of the reaction in one patient. PMID- 6237895 TI - [Hydrolytic properties of plasmin 1 and 2 and miniplasmin]. PMID- 6237899 TI - Lateral foramina in the equine thoracolumbar vertebral column: an anatomical study. PMID- 6237898 TI - Norethisterone and ethinylestradiol do not inhibit delta 5-3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in rat Leydig cells. AB - The effect of norethisterone, norethisterone acetate, ethinylestradiol and of a cyanoketone on the activity of HSD have been studied. Rat Leydig cells and extracts of Pseudomonas testosteroni were used as enzyme sources. Conversion of [3H]DHEA to A and [3H]pregnenolone to progesterone were used for the assay of enzyme activity. Km values for each substrate for Leydig cells and for bacterial enzyme were: 1.5 x 10(-5) mol l-1 and 6.0 x 10(-5) mol l-1 DHEA; 1.3 x 10(-5) mol and 7.7 x 10(-5) mol l-1 pregnenolone. For investigation of inhibition [3H]DHEA was used as substrate and apparent Ki values were calculated by Dixon plot analysis. In both systems norethisterone showed no inhibition of the enzyme. Norethisterone acetate proved also to be not inhibitory; only residual affinity to the enzyme was noted (Ki = 8.0 x 10(-5) mol l-1: Leydig cell preparation; Ki = 9.4 x 10(-5) mol l-1: bacterial enzyme). Different result sin the two systems were obtained for ethinylestradiol and for a combination with norethisterone acetate. Ethinylestradiol or the combination with the progestin (Ki = 0.5 x 10( 5) mol; 1.4 x 10(-5) mol l-1) showed noteworthy inhibition of the bacterial enzyme but only weak competition for binding to the active site of the enzyme in rat Leydig cells (Ki = 6.0 x 10(-5) mol l-1; 8.3 x 10(-5) mol l-1). It is concluded that there are greater differences between the two enzymes than considered previously. As expected, cyanoketone proved to be the most effective inhibitor in both systems. The most important result seems to be, that norethisterone does not inhibit HSD. This suggests that there is no causal relationship between hypospadias and progestins administered to females during pregnancy. PMID- 6237900 TI - A laboratory assessment of ciprofloxacin and comparable antimicrobial agents. AB - The in vitro activity of ciprofloxacin against a wide range of bacterial isolates was assessed in comparison with norfloxacin, enoxacin, co-trimoxazole and penicillin (or ampicillin) where appropriate. Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) indicated that ciprofloxacin was highly active against gram-negative bacilli of the Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas groups, notably against strains resistant to gentamicin. Similarly, Staphylococcus aureus (including methicillin resistant strains) and Haemophilus influenzae were susceptible, regardless of penicillinase production. Norfloxacin and enoxacin were less active than ciprofloxacin against the majority of species tested, although enoxacin blood levels were generally higher. Most co-trimoxazole-resistant strains were susceptible to the quinoline group of drugs. PMID- 6237901 TI - Comparative in vitro activity of five quinoline derivatives and five other antimicrobial agents used in oral therapy. AB - The antibacterial activity of ciprofloxacin was compared to those of norfloxacin, pefloxacin, pipemidic acid, nalidixic acid, nitrofurantoin, sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim, cephradine and amoxycillin. Agar dilution tests were performed with 631 clinical isolates from urinary and respiratory tract infections. Ciprofloxacin was found to be the most active drug tested against all gram negative organisms and streptococci, with the exception of Streptococcus faecalis and Streptococcus pneumoniae. MIC 90 values of ciprofloxacin were as follows: for Enterobacteriaceae, 0.03-0.23 mg/l, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 0.37 mg/l, Haemophilus influenzae, less than 0.015 mg/l, Staphylococcus aureus, 0.75 mg/l, Streptococcus pneumoniae, 1.89 mg/l, and Streptococcus faecalis, 0.95 mg/l. The inhibitory quotients for urine, serum and bronchial secretion showed that ciprofloxacin had the broadest spectrum of all agents tested and covered and clinically significant bacteria. PMID- 6237902 TI - The in vitro and in vivo activity of ciprofloxacin. AB - The antibacterial activity of ciprofloxacin (Bay o 9867) was compared with those of norfloxacin, nalidixic acid, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, cefaclor, sisomicin and cefotaxime in in vitro and mouse protection studies. Approximately 300 clinical isolates of clinically important gram-positive and gram-negative species were used. The median MICs of ciprofloxacin against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria ranged from less than or equal to 0.015-1 mg/l. Ciprofloxacin was 2-8 fold more active than norfloxacin and 100-fold more active than nalidixic acid. It also had a wider spectrum of activity against gram positive organisms including even enterococci. No cross-resistance was observed between ciprofloxacin and beta-lactam antibiotics or aminoglycosides. Only acidic pH conditions decreased its activity. Ciprofloxacin showed rapid bactericidal action against organisms in both the logarithmic and stationary growth phases. In mouse protection studies (intraperitoneal infection) ciprofloxacin was significantly more effective than norfloxacin, ampicillin, trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole, and also showed excellent activity against Pseudomonas infections. PMID- 6237903 TI - The activity of ciprofloxacin and other 4-quinolones against Chlamydia trachomatis and Mycoplasmas in vitro. AB - Ciprofloxacin was found to be the most active of a group of 4-quinolone antibiotics tested against the SA2f strain of Chlamydia trachomatis (MBC and MIC 1.0 mg/l). Against genital isolates of Chlamydia trachomatis, ciprofloxacin was twice as active as rosoxacin. Ciprofloxacin showed similar activity to that of oxytetracycline against clinical isolates of Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma urealyticum, and was 8-fold more active than rosoxacin against the latter. PMID- 6237904 TI - Mutational resistance to 4-quinolone antibacterial agents. AB - The activity of ten 4-quinolone drugs was tested against five Escherichia coli mutants. Mutational resistance was found to reduce the activity of all ten drugs, indicating that they display biochemical cross-resistance with each other. However, ciprofloxacin and, to a lesser extent, ofloxacin and norfloxacin were so highly active that the most resistance exhibited by any mutant fell well within the serum drug concentration ranges attainable in humans. Hence, clinical cross resistance in Escherichia coli at least, need not necessarily apply to such highly active 4-quinolone antibacterial agents. PMID- 6237905 TI - Comparison of the in vitro activity of ciprofloxacin (Bay o 9867) and norfloxacin against gastrointestinal tract pathogens. PMID- 6237906 TI - In vitro activity of ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin against Gardnerella vaginalis. PMID- 6237907 TI - In vitro activity of ciprofloxacin against group JK corynebacteria. PMID- 6237908 TI - Lipid specificity for the reconstitution of well-coupled ATPase proteoliposomes and a new method for lipid isolation from photosynthetic membranes. AB - The lipid specificity for the enzymatic and proton-translocating functions of a reconstituted thermophilic ATPase complex has been investigated. The proteoliposomes were prepared from the ATPase complex of the thermophilic cyanobacterium Synechococcus 6716 and various lipids and lipid mixtures extracted from this organism and from a related mesophilic strain. Some commercial lipids were used as well. An improved method of lipid extraction from chlorophyll containing membranes is presented. This method is based on acetone extraction and additional chlorophyll separation and results in higher yields, less chlorophyll contamination and a simpler procedure than the conventional methods based on chloroform/methanol extraction. The lipids of Synechococcus 6716 thus extracted were fractionated by thin-layer chromatography. The fatty acyl chain composition of the separated lipids was analyzed by gas chromatography. The coupling quality of the reconstituted ATPase proteoliposomes made of different lipids was tested by a membrane-bound fluorescent probe and uncoupler stimulation of ATP hydrolysis. None of the separated lipids alone was able to produce a well-coupled system. The best results were obtained with the native lipid mixture. The minimum requirement was the combination of a typical bilayer-forming lipid and the non bilayer (hexagonal II structure)-forming monogalactosyldiacylglycerol. Lipids from the mesophilic Synechococcus 6301 and commercial lipids (also mesophilic) produced poorly coupled vesicles but significant improvement was obtained when thermophilic monogalactosyldiacylglycerol was included. Both the reconstituted and solubilized ATPase complex have a sharp temperature optimum at 50 degrees C. The effect of reconstitution and measurement temperatures on the yield of well coupled vesicles from different lipid sources was also studied. PMID- 6237909 TI - Processing peptidase of Neurospora mitochondria. Two-step cleavage of imported ATPase subunit 9. AB - Subunit 9 (dicyclohexylcarbodiimide binding protein, 'proteolipid') of the mitochondrial F1F0-ATPase is a nuclearly coded protein in Neurospora crassa. It is synthesized on free cytoplasmic ribosomes as a larger precursor with an NH2 terminal peptide extension. The peptide extension is cleaved off after transport of the protein into the mitochondria. A processing activity referred to as processing peptidase that cleaves the precursor to subunit 9 and other mitochondrial proteins is described and characterized using a cell-free system. Precursor synthesized in vitro was incubated with extracts of mitochondria. Processing peptidase required Mn2+ for its activity. Localization studies suggested that it is a soluble component of the mitochondrial matrix. The precursor was cleaved in two sequential steps via an intermediate-sized polypeptide. The intermediate form in the processing of subunit 9 was also seen in vivo and upon import of the precursor into isolated mitochondria in vitro. The two cleavage sites in the precursor molecule were determined. The data indicate that: the correct NH2-terminus of the mature protein was generated, the NH2 terminal amino acid of the intermediate-sized polypeptide is isoleucine in position -31. The cleavage sites show similarity of primary structure. It is concluded that processing peptidase removes the peptide extension from the precursor to subunit 9 (and probably other precursors) after translocation of these polypeptides (or the NH2-terminal part of these polypeptides) into the matrix space of mitochondria. PMID- 6237910 TI - Long-chain acyl-coenzyme A synthetase from rat brain microsomes. Kinetic studies using [1-14C]docosahexaenoic acid substrate. AB - The activation of docosahexaenoic acid by rat brain microsomes was studied using an assay method based on the extraction of unreacted [1-14C]docosahexaenoic acid and the insolubility of [1-14C]docosahexaenoyl-CoA in heptane. This reaction showed a requirement for ATP, CoA, and MgCl2 and exhibited optimal activity at pH 8.0 in the presence of dithiothreitol and when incubated at 45 degrees C. The apparent Km values for ATP (185 microM), CoA (4.88 microM), MgCl2 (555 microM) and [1-14C]docosahexaenoic acid (26 microM) were determined. The presence of bovine serum albumin or Triton X-100 in the incubation medium caused a significant decrease in the Km and Vm values for [1-14C]docosahexaenoic acid. The enzyme was labile at 45 degrees C (t1/2:3.3 min) and 37 degrees C (t1/2:26.5 min) and lost 36% of its activity after freezing and thawing. The transition temperature (Tc) obtained from Arrhenius plot was 27 degrees C with the activation energies of 74 kJ/mol between 0 degrees C and 27 degrees C and 30 kJ/mol between 27 degrees C and 45 degrees C. [1-14C]Palmitic acid activation in rat brain and liver microsomes showed apparent Km values of 25 microM and 29 microM respectively, with V values of 13 and 46 nmol X min-1 X mg protein-1. The presence of Triton X-100 (0.05%) in the incubation medium enhanced the V value of the liver enzyme fourfold without affecting the Km value. Brain palmitoyl-CoA synthetase, on the other hand, showed a decreased Km value in the presence of Triton X-100 with unchanged V. The Tc obtained were 25 degrees C and 28 degrees C for brain and liver enzyme with an apparent activation energy of 109 and 24 kJ/mol below and above Tc for brain enzyme and 86 and 3.3 kJ/mol for liver enzyme. The similar results obtained for the activation of docosahexaenoate and palmitate in brain microsomes suggest the possible existence of a single long chain acyl-CoA synthetase. The differences observed in the activation of palmitate between brain and liver microsomes may be due to organ differences. Fatty acid competition studies showed a greater inhibition of labeled docosahexaenoic and palmitic acid activation in the presence of unlabeled unsaturated fatty acids. The Ki values for unlabeled docosahexaenoate and arachidonate were 38 microM and 19 microM respectively for the activation of [1 14C]docosahexaenoate. In contrast, the competition of unlabeled saturated fatty acids for activation of labeled docosahexaenoate is much less than that for activation of labeled palmitate.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6237911 TI - Receptor-mediated endocytosis of immunoglobulin-coated colloidal gold particles in cultured mouse peritoneal macrophages. AB - Endocytosis of immunoglobulin G (IgG)-coated colloidal gold particles in cultured mouse peritoneal macrophages was studied by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. At 4 degrees C, the tracers adhered to the plasma membrane and accumulated in coated pits located in the bottom of furrows or deep invaginations on the cell surface. In the presence of an excess of unlabeled mouse IgG, cellular binding of the tracer was reduced by 80 to 90%. After warming to 37 degrees C, surface-bound tracer particles were rapidly ingested and transported to small and large vesicles lacking membrane coat. From here, they were then passed over to multivesicular bodies and lysosomes characterized by their content of myelin-like figures and other inclusions. Double-labeling experiments with IgG coated colloidal gold particles of two different sizes (20 and 5 nm diameter) indicated that the plasma membrane was depleted of binding sites after uptake of a polyvalent ligand. The restoration of the binding capacity was a slow process requiring ongoing protein synthesis. On the basis of these observations, a model for endocytosis of immune complexes in macrophages is presented. It includes the following four steps: IgG-containing macromolecular aggregates bind to specific receptors in the plasma membrane. These appear to be preclustered in coated pits or able to move laterally within the membrane even at 4 degrees C. The receptor ligand complexes are internalized and transferred sequentially to larger uncoated vesicles or endosomes, multivesicular bodies, and lysosomes with inclusions of varying appearance. Receptors and ligands are degraded within the lysosomes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6237913 TI - Comparative study of posturography and electrooculography in at-risk subjects for Huntington's disease. AB - A simultaneous blind study of posture and eye movements was undertaken in 9 subjects at risk for Huntington's disease. After quantitative evaluation of the postural and electrooculographic abnormalities, the subjects were subdivided into subgroups, and the results were compared to test the relationship between the two methods. There was a significant correlation between the two evaluations. 5 of the 9 patients had evaluation scores which reflected abnormalities similar to those observed in patients suffering from Huntington's disease. These preliminary results suggest that posture and eye movement recordings could be tested for their predictive value in Huntington's disease. PMID- 6237912 TI - Pseudohypoaldosteronism in a child with Down syndrome. Long-term management of salt loss by ion exchange resin administration. AB - At 4 weeks of age, an infant with Down syndrome developed severe dehydration and salt loss with the typical features of pseudohypoaldosteronism (PHA). Plasma renin activity, 11-deoxycorticosterone, corticosterone and aldosterone levels were all increased several-fold over the normal range for age, thus excluding an adrenal biosynthetic defect. Clinical condition, hyponatraemia and hyperkalaemia could be rapidly normalised by the ion exchange resin Resonium A administered first as enema and later orally (3 g/day). At that time, no further salt supplementation was necessary. At 18 months of age, Resonium A could be completely withdrawn with neither clinical deterioration nor electrolyte abnormalities. However at 3 1/2 years of age, plasma renin activity and aldosterone were still markedly elevated while precursor steroids were normal and the clinical condition satisfactory. No side effects were observed with the Resonium A therapy. The combination of trisomy 21 and PHA is very unusual. Similarly, the successful treatment of severe renal salt loss during infancy by sodium supplementation and concomitant potassium withdrawal via an oral ion exchange resin has not yet been described and warrants further therapeutic trials. PMID- 6237914 TI - A childhood form of Huntington's disease associated with marked pyramidal signs. AB - The case of a childhood form of Huntington's disease in a 9-year-old boy is reported. The patient had complaints of generalized convulsions from the age of 4, and progressive motor disabilities and mental deterioration from the age of 6. His father had suffered from Huntington's disease for 10 years, and his paternal uncle and aunt, who died at the age of 52, were diagnosed as having this disease. Neurological examination revealed severe mental retardation and marked pyramidal signs. He has no signs or symptoms of involuntary movement, muscular rigidity or ataxia. Axial computed tomography showed marked dilatation of the frontal horns and suggested caudate atrophy. This case is atypical of a childhood form of Huntington's disease because of the lack of muscular rigidity and choreiform movement. But computed tomographic findings correspond to that typically seen in cases of adult Huntington's disease. PMID- 6237915 TI - Estrogen receptor status, adrenal androgens and 7 alpha hydroxydehydroepiandrosterone in breast cancer patients. AB - Plasma concentrations of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHA), DHA-sulphate (DHAS) and 7 alpha hydroxy-DHA (7 alpha OHDHA) were measured and compared with tumor estrogen receptor (ER) status in 33 postmenopausal patients with breast cancer. Although the plasma concentrations of DHA, DHAS and 7 alpha OHDHA were not different between the ER-positive (ER+) and ER-negative (ER-) patient groups, the ratios of 7 alpha OHDHA/DHAS and of DHA/DHAS were significantly higher (P less than 0.001 and P less than 0.001 respectively) in the ER- group. Nine women (normal or with benign breast disease) of similar age and menopausal status had values for plasma 7 alpha OHDHA/DHAS and DHA/DHAS between those of ER+ and ER- patient groups. The measurement of these steroid ratios in the plasma of breast cancer patients thus provides an indirect estimate of ER status. Since DHA and 7 alpha OHDHA are major metabolites of precursor DHAS in mammary tumor tissues, changes in their relative quantities in plasma may reflect the influence of receptor-mediated events on mammary steroid metabolism. Alternatively, the relative increase in tumor metabolism of androgens inferred from high 7 alpha OHDHA/DHAS and DHA/DHAS ratios in the ER- group may disrupt the hormonal microenvironment of the estrogen receptor. These events may, in turn, predispose toward ER status and a poor response to endocrine therapy. PMID- 6237916 TI - Controlled comparison of the pharmacodynamic effects of nicorandil (SG-75) and isosorbide dinitrate in man. AB - Nicorandil (SG-75) is a long acting mononitrate. A randomized, double-blind, crossover study in 10 healthy subjects has compared the haemodynamic actions of single sublingual doses of nicorandil 15, 30 and 60 mg with Isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN) 5 mg and placebo. Heart rate, blood pressure, systolic time intervals (STI) and left ventricular echocardiograms were used to assess haemodynamics over a 6 h period. Within 15 min of nicorandil administration, heart rate increased and peripheral resistance decreased (dose-dependent); the preejection period (corrected; PEPc) and the ratio of PEP to left ventricular ejection time (LVET) - PEP/LVET - were shortened by the 60 mg dose; the heart rate corrected electromechanical systole (QS2c) was almost unchanged; left ventricular end diastolic and systolic diameters (EDD and ESD) were diminished. The effects on certain parameters had not completely disappeared after 6 h. ISDN produced a similar pattern with somewhat less intense effects; although PEPc and PEP/LVET were prolonged. The effects of both drugs can be attributed to vasodilatation on both the arteriolar and venous sides. The predominant action of ISDN was to reduce preload and thereby to lengthen PEPc and PEP/LVET; in addition, it lessened afterload. Although nicorandil caused a distinct reduction in preload, as shown by the smaller EDD, the effects of afterload reduction were predominant at the high dose induced shortening of PEPc and PEP/LVET. The profile of action of nicorandil should encourage clinical testing to evaluate its ability to induce ventricular unloading. PMID- 6237917 TI - Antibody-mediated allotype suppression in adult mice: the role of antigen, effector isotype and regulatory T cells. AB - It has been reported (Contemp. Top. Immunobiol. 1974. 3:41) that allotype specific T suppressor cells can be induced after monoclonal anti-allotype treatment of neonatal (BALB/c X SJL)F1 (Igha/b) mice. Here we show that (BALB/c X CB20)F1 adult-derived spleen cells (SC) are, by contrast, potently suppressed by monoclonal allotype-specific reagents, (when transferred into irradiated BALB/c recipients) in the absence of primary T suppressor cell induction. Such suppression is only induced in activated B cells [exposed to lipopolysaccharide or sheep red blood cells (SRBC)], and is probably dependent on the isotype of the anti-allotype sera administered. For example, two independently produced IgG1 monoclonal reagents raised against the Igh-1b allotype were poorly suppressive or nonsuppressive, whereas an IgG3 and an IgG2a monoclonal antibody induced a 90% suppression of the target allotype in transferred adult SC. It was found that suppression was not due to a depletion of antigen-specific T cell help since: (a) the addition of SRBC-educated T cells did not break suppression and (b) suppressed SC were as good a source of T cell help as normal SC, in the response of virgin or memory B cell (Thy-1-depleted) responses to SRBC in vivo. Suppression was maintained in suppressed cells which had been rechallenged with SRBC after transfer into a second irradiated recipient, but was not induced in normal SC when these were admixed with an equal number from this suppressed SC population. These findings point to a possible mechanism for the regulation of B cell expression, through the formation of an antibody-Ig receptor complex at the surface of the B lymphocyte. After complexing the target cell is either deleted or inactivated. The response to SRBC was reduced or ablated for at least 70 days after treatment with a single dose of anti-allotype serum. PMID- 6237918 TI - Production of IgE-potentiating factor in man by T cell lines bearing Fc receptors for IgE. AB - The regulation of human IgE production in vitro by soluble T cell factors was examined. T cells were isolated from the peripheral blood of 2 patients with the hyper-IgE syndrome on the basis of their expression of Fc receptors for human IgE (Fc epsilon R). The T cells were incubated with human myeloma IgE (10 micrograms/ml), washed, reacted with immunosorbent-purified goat anti-human IgE conjugated with fluorescein isothiocyanate, and then separated into Fc epsilon R+ and Fc epsilon R- T cells on the fluorescence-activated cell sorter. Fc epsilon R+ T cells and Fc epsilon R- T cells were propagated in culture using supernatants of phytohemagglutinin-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and irradiated autologous PBMC. Supernatants of Fc epsilon R+ T cell lines but not of Fc epsilon R- T cell lines selectively enhanced IgE synthesis in cultures of B cells obtained from patients with allergic rhinitis but not from normal nonallergic subjects. The surface phenotype of the Fc epsilon R+ T cell line was predominantly T3+, T4+, Ia+ with few (15%) T8+ cells. Two T cell clones were grown from the Fc epsilon R+ T cell line by limiting dilution (0.3 cells/well). These clones possessed the T4+ helper/inducer phenotype and secreted IgE-enhancing factor(s). The IgE-enhancing factor(s) which had affinity for insolubilized human IgE was sensitive to treatment with trypsin and neuraminidase, and had as its target an IgE-bearing B cell. These results suggest that a subset of human T cells bearing an Fc epsilon R secretes an IgE-binding glycoprotein which selectively enhances IgE synthesis by IgE-bearing B cells. PMID- 6237919 TI - T cell competence to heterologous and homologous thyroglobulins during the induction of experimental autoimmune thyroiditis. AB - The ability of T cells to respond to homologous vs. heterologous thyroglobulins (Tg) has been evaluated using different models for the induction of experimental autoimmune thyroiditis. Substantial levels of T cell activation could be demonstrated to heterologous Tg following immunization with heterologous Tg in complete Freund's adjuvant, whereas only minimal levels of T cell activation to homologous Tg could be obtained following immunization with homologous Tg in complete Freund's adjuvant. Using this immunization protocol, heterologous and homologous Tg induced equivalent levels of serum antibody to the immunizing Tg. However, when injected in incomplete Freund's adjuvant, homologous Tg induced less antibody than heterologous Tg. Even greater differences in serum antibody levels to heterologous and homologous Tg, were apparent following immunization with soluble Tg. These thyroiditis differences are attributed to the presence of only a minimal level of T cell competence for homologous Tg, which is capable of inducing experimental autoimmune thyroiditis with stringent immunization protocols, but not with weaker immunization regimens. PMID- 6237920 TI - T cell clones interacting with accessory and T helper cells for a proliferative response. AB - The requirement for cell interactions in T cell activation has been studied with two continuously in vitro growing T cell clones. These clones are specific for minor histocompatibility antigens, are H-2K restricted, and one clone is functionally a cytolytic T lymphocyte. Both can proliferate when interleukin 2 is added to the cultures, but for continuous growth they require irradiated spleen cells carrying the specific minor histocompatibility antigen and the restricting H-2. In this study we show that for proliferation the clones require at least two cell populations in the stimulator spleen, one is a splenic-adherent cell (SAC), the other a T cell. The SAC are plastic adherent, Thy-1-, Ia+. The T cells are nylon wool nonadherent, Thy-1+, Lyt-1+2- and Ia-. Cell mixing experiments of stimulator cells (all were done with H-2-syngeneic cells), depleted of either SAC or T cells confirm the requirement for a specific interaction between these two cell types and the T clone. Neither SAC, syngeneic with the T clone when mixed with T cells of the stimulator type, nor T cells syngeneic with the clone added to stimulator SAC, can induce an optimal proliferative response. Such a response is obtained only if both cell types, SAC and T cells, are of the stimulating genotype. This suggests that, in addition to an interaction of clonal T cells with SAC, a specific recognition at the T cell level between T stimulator and T clone is necessary. The interaction of the T clones with stimulator SAC and T cells leads to an activation, mediated by antigen recognition, of all three cell populations. Since we also show that each of the stimulator cell types are impaired by ultraviolet light irradiation, we conclude that factor production by SAC and T helpers is the final prerequisite for clonal expansion. PMID- 6237921 TI - Immune response to the p-azobenzenearsonate-L-glutamic acid60-L-alanine30-L tyrosine10 (GAT) conjugate. III. Mechanisms of Ir gene-controlled phenotype conversion. AB - Immunization of GT (random copolymer of L-glutamic acid51-L-tyrosine49) nonresponder animals with p-azobenzenearsonate (ABA) GT conjugates elicits an antibody response to both ABA and GT epitopes which is induced by ABA-specific T helper cells. Expression of these hapten-specific helpers is under the control of an I region gene which also regulates the proliferative T cell response to ABA. Conversion of the unresponsive phenotype to GT is, therefore, dependent on the ABA Ir gene and escapes the influence of the GT-specific I region-controlled suppressive pathway. Studies on the influence of ABA/polymer coupling ratio on T and B cell responses suggest that ABA-specific T cells, like conventional carrier specific helpers, require linked interactions with B lymphocytes to provide helper signals. GAT (terpolymer of L-glutamic acid60-L-alanine30-L-tyrosine10) nonresponder animals immunized with ABA-GAT conjugates also develop an antibody response to ABA which is induced by ABA-specific T helper cells. Comparison of antibody affinity, specificity, isotypes and idiotypes in different mouse strains demonstrates that hapten-specific helper cells stimulate antibody responses to ABA which are qualitatively similar to those induced by GAT-specific helpers. However, ABA-specific helper cells do not permit the conversion of the I region gene-controlled nonresponder phenotype to GAT. The data suggests that high ABA density, which is required for optimal ABA help expression, extinguishes the immunogenicity of GAT determinants at both T and B cell levels. PMID- 6237922 TI - Behavioral properties of GBR 12909, GBR 13069 and GBR 13098: specific inhibitors of dopamine uptake. AB - Two aryl 1,4-dialkylpiperazines (GBR 12909 and GBR 13098) and one aryl 1,4 dialkenylpiperazine (GBR 13069) were very potent inhibitors of [3H]dopamine uptake in vitro in tissue slices obtained from rat neostriatum (IC50 values between 40 and 51 nM). Each compound was considerably weaker as an inhibitor of [3H]norepinephrine uptake in tissue slices obtained from rat occipital cortex (IC50 values between 560 and 2600 nM). These compounds thus are relatively specific inhibitors of [3H]dopamine uptake in vitro. The three compounds caused ipsilateral circling in rats with unilateral lesions of the nigrostriatal pathway as well as increased locomotor activity in naive mice, both of which could be greatly attenuated by pretreatment of the rodents with the dopamine receptor antagonist haloperidol. It thus follows that the compounds have dopaminergic activity in vivo. Ex vivo experiments with GBR 13069 (drug administration in vivo, uptake in vitro) suggested that these compounds may have the same relative specificity as dopamine uptake blockers in vivo. These compounds should prove to be useful pharmacological agents. PMID- 6237923 TI - Prolongation of rat tail bleeding time by ketanserin: mechanisms of action. AB - Serotonin (5-HT) may play a regulatory role in platelet-vessel wall interaction. This can be reliably investigated by measuring bleeding time. Ketanserin is a recently developed selective 5-HT2 receptor antagonist, reportedly effective against both platelet and vascular 5-HT activation. Ketanserin (5-10 mg/kg) significantly prolonged tail bleeding time measured in conscious rats by two different techniques. While mianserin (a 5-HT2 receptor antagonist exhibiting alpha-adrenolytic activity) also prolonged bleeding time, methysergide, metergoline and cyproheptadine did not. All three compounds acted as 5-HT2 receptor antagonists with appreciable affinity for 5-HT1 receptors. On the other hand, bleeding time was prolonged by either prazosin (a selective alpha 1 adrenoceptor antagonist) or labetalol (an alpha 1- and beta-receptor antagonist). In contrast it was not affected by phentolamine or nicergoline (alpha 1-alpha 2 receptor antagonists) nor by propranolol (a beta-receptor antagonist). The effect of prazosin was significantly increased by combining it with either ketaserin or metergoline. Depletion of platelet serotonin by reserpine did not result in any modification of bleeding time, unless reserpine was combined with an inhibitor of 5-HT synthesis. Platelet activation by 5-HT was neither potentiated by norepinephrine nor prevented by prazosin or phentolamine whereas ketanserin and methysergide were equally effective inhibitors. These findings argue against a role of platelet and/or vascular 5-HT2 receptors in the antihemostatic effect of ketanserin in rats. This drug prolongs bleeding time by antagonising vascular adrenoceptors (prazosin-like effect) and/or by preventing a synergistic interaction between 5-HT and catecholamines at the vascular level. PMID- 6237924 TI - Pharmacological modifications of the neurotoxic action of the noradrenaline neurotoxin DSP4 on central noradrenaline neurons. AB - Systemic treatment with the noradrenaline neurotoxin DSP4 (N-[2-chloroethyl]-N ethyl-2-bromobenzylamine; 7 days) led to a marked and quantitatively similar reduction (-80%) of endogenous noradrenaline, [3H]noradrenaline uptake in vitro and [3H]desipramine binding in the frontal cortex of adult rats. Inhibition of monoamine oxidase, and/or 1-dopa administration 1 week after DSP4 produced very small changes in brain noradrenaline and dopamine levels. These results are all consistent with the view that DSP4 produces an acute and selective degeneration of central noradrenaline nerve terminals. Pretreatment with the noradrenaline uptake blocker desipramine prevented the action of DSP4 almost completely, while treatment after DSP4 had minute effects on DSP4-induced reduction of endogenous noradrenaline and [3H]noradrenaline uptake. The data suggest that the irreversible neurotoxic actions of DSP4 are very rapid and largely complete within 0.5 h after DSP4 administration. Measurement of catecholamine turnover using monoamine oxidase inhibition by pargyline indicated an increased noradrenaline turnover in the remaining nerve terminals innervating cerebral cortex and hippocampus after DSP4, while dopamine turnover appeared to be decreased. Pretreatment with d-amphetamine and clonidine or subsequent treatment with oxotremorine were without effect on the DSP4-induced reductions of the regional brain noradrenaline levels. Morphine pretreatment was also ineffective, while repeated morphine administration after DSP4 produced a significant potentiation of the DSP4-induced noradrenaline depletion in the frontal cortex, cerebellum and the spinal cord. Pretreatment with the monoamine oxidase inhibitor pargyline led to a very pronounced counteraction of the DSP4-induced noradrenaline depletion in all brain regions analysed, in particular in the occipital cortex. The data suggest that morphine can potentiate the neurotoxic action of DSP4 while pargyline can counteract it. PMID- 6237925 TI - Renal effects of a synthetic alpha-human atrial natriuretic polypeptide (alpha hANP) in anesthetized dogs. AB - The effects of a synthetic alpha-human atrial natriuretic polypeptide (alpha hANP) on renal hemodynamics and urine formation were investigated in anesthetized dogs. Intrarenal arterial infusion of the peptide (1.0 microgram/min) increased renal blood flow, glomerular filtration rate and urine flow with no change in systemic blood pressure. A lower dose of alpha-hANP (0.2 micrograms/min) produced a significant diuresis and natriuresis, while renal hemodynamics remained unchanged. The urinary excretion of Na, Cl and Ca was increased in proportion to the urine flow. We propose that alpha-hANP inhibits tubular reabsorption of electrolytes, and in higher dose produces renal vasodilation. PMID- 6237926 TI - Inhibitory histamine H2-receptor in the guinea-pig urinary bladder. AB - The histamine H2-receptor in the guinea-pig urinary bladder was characterized by determining the effects of histamine and impromidine on contractions induced by electrical transmural stimulation (ETS). The contractile responses to ETS (0.5 ms, 15 V, for 15 s) at frequencies of 1 to 30 Hz were abolished by treatment with tetrodotoxin, and were partly inhibited by scopolamine, indicating that the ETS induced contraction has scopolamine-sensitive and -resistant components. Histamine and impromidine inhibited the scopolamine-resistant contraction induced by ETS but not the ETS-induced scopolamine-sensitive contraction and nicotine- and acetylcholine (ACh)-induced contractions. The inhibitory effects of histamine and impromidine were antagonized by cimetidine, but not by diphenhydramine and mepyramine. Thus, the inhibitory effect of histamine may be mediated through H2 receptors. As impromidine did not affect the tetrodotoxin-sensitive and Ca2+ dependent ETS-evoked release of ACh and noradrenaline (NA) from the isolated urinary bladder preloaded with [3H]choline and [3H]NA, respectively, the H2 receptor may not be involved in the cholinergic and adrenergic mechanisms. These results indicate that histamine H2-receptors are present in the guinea-pig urinary bladder. The H2-receptor located on non-cholinergic excitatory neurons may be involved in the inhibitory action produced by histamine. PMID- 6237927 TI - N,N-disubstituted 2-aminotetralins are potent D-2 dopamine receptor agonists. AB - Mono- and di-N-substituted 2-amino-5-hydroxytetralins stimulate the D-2 dopamine receptor, 2-(N-n-propyl-N-phenylethylamino)-5-hydroxytetralin being the most potent D-2 agonist encountered to date. In contrast, 2-amino-5-hydroxytetralins only marginally stimulate the D-1 receptor; however, 2-(di-N-n-propylamino)-5, 6 dihydroxytetralin is equipotent with dopamine as a D-1 agonist. The results are discussed within the context of the two dopamine receptor hypothesis. PMID- 6237928 TI - Uptake and stability of human and bovine acid alpha-glucosidase in cultured fibroblasts and skeletal muscle cells from glycogenosis type II patients. AB - Acid alpha-glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.20) was purified from human placenta and bovine testis by affinity chromatography using concanavalin A (conA) and Sephadex G 200. When added to the culture medium of human fibroblasts, the enzyme purified from bovine testis is taken up with a 200-fold higher efficiency than the enzyme from human placenta. Uptake of acid alpha-glucosidase from bovine testis is mediated by the mannose-6-phosphate receptor, whereas only a minor fraction of placental enzyme appears to be equipped with the mannose-6-phosphate recognition marker. Once internalized, both human and bovine acid alpha-glucosidase demonstrate a half-life of about 10 days in fibroblasts from control individuals and patients with different clinical forms of glycogenosis type II (Pompe's disease, acid alpha-glucosidase deficiency). Evidence is presented that the mannose-6-phosphate receptor is also present on the plasma membrane of the clonal myogenic skeletal muscle cell lines G8-1 and L6J1 (respectively from mouse and rat origin) and on cultured human skeletal muscle cells derived from a muscle biopsy. Addition of bovine testis acid alpha-glucosidase to skeletal muscle cell cultures from an adult patient with glycogenosis type II leads to complete correction of the enzyme deficiency. PMID- 6237929 TI - Heparin inhibition of antibody-dependent complement-mediated lysis. AB - The effect of heparin on the monoclonal antibody-dependent complement-mediated lysis of human lymphoid cell lines and peripheral blood T-lymphocytes was studied. T-lymphoid cell lines (CEM and MOLT-3) were lysed by optimal concentrations of monoclonal antibodies and rabbit complement. Heparin at concentrations as low as 0.5 U/ml partially inhibited the complement-mediated lysis of all antibody-cell combinations while a heparin concentration of 25 U/ml produced complete inhibition. Lysis mediated by an IgG monoclonal antibody (J5) to the common acute lymphoblastic leukemia antigen (CALLA) was more sensitive to heparin inhibition than that due to an IgM antibody (VIL A1). Bovine and porcine heparin were equally inhibitory. Peripheral blood T-lymphocytes collected in heparin (100 U/ml) were resistant to complete lysis when treated with 17F12 and complement immediately after isolation; complete lysis was achieved only when they were incubated for 2 h prior to treatment. The role of monoclonal antibody and complement in the in vitro lysis of normal and leukemic lymphocytes is discussed. PMID- 6237930 TI - Nutrient metabolism in islet cells. PMID- 6237931 TI - Suppression of the immune response by drugs interfering with the metabolism of serotonin. AB - The work was based on the assumption that neurohumoral control of the immune response, particularly in stressed animals, involves central serotoninergic mechanisms. Rats immunized with sheep erythrocytes were stressed by repeated restraints and/or treated with a precursor of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptophan, 5 HTP) or with an inhibitor of serotonin synthesis (parachlorophenylalanine, PCPA). As expected, repeated stresses reduced the plaque-forming cell (PFC) response. Treatment with 5-HTP also reduced the PFC response, and potentiated the immunosuppressive effect of stress. This was accompanied by increased metabolism of serotonin in the brain, as indicated by increased concentration of its metabolite, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), in cerebral tissue. Treatment with PCPA also suppressed the PFC response, but this suppression was accompanied by decreased levels of brain serotonin and of 5-HIAA. Plasma corticosterone levels were elevated in rats treated with PCPA. It seems that putative central effects of PCPA on serotoninergic regulation of the immune response were outweighed by its effects on corticosterone secretion and/or on lymphoid cells. PMID- 6237933 TI - On the logic of the application of double-inhibitor titrations for the elucidation of the mechanisms of energy coupling. AB - In the last couple of years the chemiosmotic hypothesis has been severely criticised, such that many research groups now consider it to be a less than exact description of biological energy transduction. The most potent experimental support for this view is based upon the technique known as the double-inhibitor titration [e.g., (1982) Biochem. J. 206, 351-357]. The results of such experiments have been considered by many to exclude 'unequivocally' the chemiosmotic coupling model. It will be shown that such unequivocal statements are not possible. An argument is put forward which shows how the chemiosmotic model may explain these titrations without any further elaborations of the original hypothesis. PMID- 6237932 TI - TMB-8 inhibits secretion evoked by phorbol ester at basal cytoplasmic free calcium in quin2-loaded platelets much more effectively than it inhibits thrombin induced calcium mobilisation. AB - TMB-8 is widely regarded as an 'intracellular calcium antagonist', supposedly inhibiting the mobilisation of intracellular calcium. Rarely, however, have the effects of this compound on Ca2+ movements been measured. We report here that TMB 8 is not very effective in inhibiting thrombin-induced Ca2+ influx or internal release in human platelets judged from the fluorescent signal of cytoplasmic quin2. Only approx. 40% inhibition was seen at 500 microns TMB-8. Somewhat lower concentrations blocked the secretory response to thrombin and also the secretion evoked at basal [Ca2+]i by phorbol ester and collagen. It is suggested that one target for TMB-8 may be the C-kinase pathway. PMID- 6237934 TI - Activation of rat heart phosphofructokinase-2 by insulin in vivo. AB - Fifteen minutes after the intravenous injection of overnight starved, anaesthetized rats with insulin, the concentration of fructose 2,6-biphosphate was increased more than 2-fold in the hearts of these animals. Insulin injection also caused a 2-3 fold increase in the Vmax of phosphofructokinase-2 with no detectable change in Km values. The effect persisted after precipitation of the enzyme with polyethylene glycol or after gel filtration through Sephadex G-25. PMID- 6237935 TI - Membrane dynamics: flow routes and quantitation of membrane transport and recycling. PMID- 6237936 TI - Evaluation of adhesion reformation by early second-look laparoscopy following microlaser ovarian wedge resection. AB - Early second-look laparoscopy, done 6 to 12 weeks postoperatively, was utilized to evaluate recurrent adhesion formation following microlaser ovarian wedge resection. Forty-nine ovaries in 25 consecutive infertility patients undergoing microlaser surgery for deep ovarian endometriosis or polycystic ovarian disease, refractory to medical treatment, were evaluated from October 1981 through March 1983. All patients subsequently underwent a second-look nonlaser laparoscopy to evaluate the extent of healing and to bluntly lyse any subsequent adhesions with the Olympus laparoscope (Olympus Corporation, Lake Success, NY) second-puncture probe: 36.7% of the ovaries had recurring adhesions, 83.3% of these adhesions were mild and filmy and 16.7% were moderate and dense. Additionally, four ovaries were viewed approximately 1 year postoperatively, with two ovaries that previously had mild and filmy adhesions lysed at 6 weeks having no recurrent adhesions. The actual pregnancy rate in this study is 60%, with 15 of the 25 patients conceiving at least once and 2 patients conceiving twice. The majority of pregnancies occurred within the first 6 months postoperatively, with the longest initial pregnancy occurring 22 months postoperatively. Thus, microlaser ovarian surgery, coupled with early second-look laparoscopy, appears efficacious in minimizing adhesion reformation and seems to have little adverse effect on subsequent conception. PMID- 6237937 TI - Evaluation of progestogens for postoperative adhesion prevention. AB - Progesterone (P) has been shown to have potent antiinflammatory and immunosuppressive properties. Previous reports have suggested that the use of P decreases postoperative adhesion formation. To further evaluate the role of pharmacologic doses of progestogens in adhesion prevention, 42 mature New Zealand White rabbits underwent standardized injuries to the uterine horns, fimbriae, and pelvic peritoneum and received one of six treatments. Group S had intraperitoneal placement of normal saline (0.9%); group H received intraperitoneal placement of 32% dextran 70; group IM-P received intramuscular P-in-oil 10 days before and after laparotomy in addition to intraperitoneal saline; group IP-P had intraperitoneal placement of an aqueous P suspension; group DP received medroxyprogesterone acetate intraperitoneally; and group C received no intramuscular or intraperitoneal adhesion-prevention agents. The animals were sacrificed 6 weeks after laparotomy, and the adhesions were scored. Intraperitoneal saline (group S) significantly reduced the amount of adhesions when compared with the control group (C) (P less than 0.05). No significant difference was observed when group S was compared with group H. Intramuscular P added to saline (group IM-P) did not cause further reduction in adhesions when compared with group S. Both group IP-P and group DP had more adhesions than did group S (P less than 0.01). These data fail to support previous claims regarding adhesion prevention by the use of locally or parenterally administered progestogens. PMID- 6237938 TI - Ovarian and adrenal vein steroids in seven patients with androgen-secreting ovarian neoplasms: selective catheterization findings. AB - Standardized bilateral ovarian-adrenal vein catheterization was utilized to preoperatively assess glandular steroid release in seven consecutive cases of occult virilizing gonadal neoplasms. Peripheral testosterone (T) exceeded 1.5 ng/ml in all instances (range, 1.51 to 8.67 ng/ml). Endoscopy and radiography failed to locate the functional lesions. Catheterization showed a unilateral elevation of the ovarian-peripheral vein gradient for T greater than 2.7 ng/ml in six women. In the remaining patient, gradient analysis ruled out an adrenal tumor but did not facilitate lateralization of the gonadal lesion due to subselective ovarian effluent sampling. In addition to the consistent hypersecretion of T, variable excess gonadal output of dihydrotestosterone, androstenedione, dehydroepiandrosterone, and 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone was evident. Associated adrenal androgenic hyperfunction was documented in three subjects. Histologic evaluation of the implicated ovaries revealed three lipid cell, two Leydig cell, and two Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors, respectively, measuring between 0.6 and 2.2 cm in diameter. No correlation was found between any of the following parameters: peripheral or glandular vein steroid levels, androgen gradients, severity of symptoms, tumor morphology, and tumor size. In conclusion, appropriate application of selective catheterization may considerably reduce the frequency and extent of operative intervention. PMID- 6237939 TI - Small bowel obstruction following diagnostic laparoscopy. AB - The occurrence of an incarcerated small bowel hernia through a subumbilical laparoscopic incision site is a rare event. The obstruction occurred 7 weeks after laparoscopy and 1 week after bilateral tuboplasty through a Pfannenstiel incision. Following laparoscopy, the possibility of a bowel obstruction should be entertained in any patient presenting with signs consistent with this diagnosis regardless of the intervening period of time. PMID- 6237940 TI - Polycystic ovarian disease: current concepts of pathophysiology and therapy. PMID- 6237941 TI - Peritoneal endometriosis: scanning electron microscopy and histology of minimal pelvic endometriotic lesions. AB - In 36 patients with laparoscopically diagnosed endometriosis, biopsies were taken from different areas of the pelvic peritoneum bearing foci of endometriosis. The biopsies were studied by scanning electron microscopy and by light microscopy. Combined use of these techniques resulted in the differentiation of three topographically and morphologically different types of endometriotic lesions: intraperitoneal endometriotic polyps with no glandular openings but associated with deeper endometriotic glands and stroma; intraperitoneal endometriotic foci with surface epithelium, glands, and stroma; and retroperitoneal small lesions with few glands and scant stroma. The morphologic features of endometriotic foci indicate that they do not follow the typical cyclic changes described for the uterine endometrium. Our microanatomic characterization of endometriosis is discussed in relation to the conflicting data concerning peritoneal fluid constituents and infertility in patients with minimal endometriotic lesions. PMID- 6237944 TI - School awakens student to needs of handicapped. PMID- 6237943 TI - [History and activities of the Pedodontic and Orthodontic Clinic of the Semmelweis University School of Medicine for a quarter of a century]. PMID- 6237942 TI - Tubal patency and pelvic adhesions at early second-look laparoscopy following intraabdominal use of the carbon dioxide laser: initial report of the intraabdominal laser study group. AB - It has been suggested that the carbon dioxide (CO2) laser, by virtue of its hypothetical capabilities for precise incisions, minimization of tissue handling and bleeding, and shortened operating time, may improve the success rate of gynecologic infertility surgery. To assess this hypothesis, a multicenter prospective study was performed to assess tubal patency and adhesion formation at early second-look laparoscopy after intraabdominal laser surgery. Procedures performed included salpingoneostomy, fimbrioplasty, lysis of adhesions, vaporization of endometriosis, and ovarian wedge resection. The results were compared with those of another multicenter prospective study that utilized nonlaser reconstructive pelvic surgery. Use of the CO2 laser was found to result in a greater tubal patency rate at the time of the second-look procedure. Adhesions present at the time of the second-look procedure were reduced from initial presentation at most sites; however, nonlaser infertility surgery appeared to have equal or greater efficacy in the prevention of adhesion formation at most sites. Thus, the CO2 laser does not appear to be a panacea for the treatment of tuboperitoneal causes of infertility. Pregnancy rates following intraabdominal use of the CO2 laser remain to be established. PMID- 6237945 TI - The structure and function of cholinergic synaptic vesicles. The Third Thudichum Lecture. PMID- 6237946 TI - Genetic studies in micro-organisms producing beta-lactam antibiotics. PMID- 6237948 TI - [Social integration of the disabled worker]. AB - The functional disability produced by an illness or accident destroys the previous social relationship structure of the disabled person, so it is therefore above all an experience of loss. However, the personal experience of disabled persons shows that such negative experience in their private lives can lead to the discovery of new objectives, abandonment of the non-essential, and in the end to the establishment of a new structure of their human and social relationships. There are two significant moments in this development: the voluntary choice between continuity and change in conditions of life; expression of a subjectiveness affirming the values discovered through the experience of loss and demanding their recognition. Accepting this choice and responding to this demand of the disabled person are the two necessary components of any initiative aimed at facilitating social integration. PMID- 6237947 TI - After contraception: dispeling rumors about later childbearing. PMID- 6237950 TI - New trends in vocational rehabilitation and employment of disabled persons. AB - This papers outlines new approaches and concepts aimed at creating employment opportunities for disabled persons in a difficult labour market situation. It relates the new trends to interest engendered by the United Nations International Year of Disabled Persons and the recently proclaimed U.N. Decade of Disabled Persons (1983-1992) with greater participation and involvement of community groups, employers' and workers' organisations inrehabilitation activities. Much of the paper is devoted to changing patterns of sheltered employment including a centralised administration for groups of workshops, introduction of modern management techniques and development of profitable production or sub-contract work. The development of the enclave system of sheltered employment is highlighted whereby groups of severely disabled people work together under special supervision in an otherwise ordinary and undifferentiated working environment. Disable persons' co-operatives, a modular method of vocational training and the ergonomic approach to adaptation of jobs as means of creating jobs for the disabled are discussed in detail. The need to make good the acute lack of trained rehabilitation staff and to give higher priority to the employment needs of disabled people in rural areas, is stressed. Suggestions for research into ways and means of expanding employment opportunities for the disabled and for improving existing vocational rehabilitation services are outlined. Finally the paper refers to the newly adopted International Labour Office Convention and Recommendation Concerning Vocational Rehabilitation and Employment (Disabled Persons) which will, it is envisaged, inspire world-wide action in creating wider employment opportunities for disabled persons. PMID- 6237949 TI - [Medico-legal diagnosis of occupational diseases: effects on rehabilitation]. AB - Within the limits of the regulation currently in force, medicolegal diagnosis of occupational disease, as performed by INAIL (National Institute for Insurance against Occupational Diseases), play a by no means secondary role in prevention. If such diagnosis is made in the very early stages, disability can even be prevented and therefore the necessity of rehabilitation avoided. PMID- 6237951 TI - Laparoscopy in the diagnosis of primary carcinoma of the gallbladder. A study of 98 cases. AB - Ninety-eight cases of carcinoma of the gallbladder were studied by laparoscopy from 1968 to 1982. The gallbladder was completely explored in 48 patients. Hard white plaques of the gallbladder wall were noted in 30 patients. Local metastases were found in 89 patients. A diagnosis of malignancy by biopsy was made in 90% of cases although only three biopsies were taken from the gallbladder itself. Laparoscopy is useful in identifying those rare cases where radical surgical intervention may improve survival. PMID- 6237952 TI - Laparoscopic lysis of adhesions for postappendectomy pain. PMID- 6237953 TI - [Selective removal of one twin with trisomy 21 by sectio parva in the 23rd week of pregnancy and later spontaneous birth of the healthy twin]. AB - In a 41-year old tertipara with twin pregnancy, foetal chromosome analysis showed a boy without abnormal findings, 46, XY, and a boy with free trisomy 21. Abortion of the abnormal twin was performed in the 23rd week of pregnancy via sectio parva. Despite preoperative onset of tocolysis and ultimately performed circular suture of the cervix, premature rupture of the membranes occurred in the 28th pregnancy week, followed by spontaneous birth of the second twin weighing 1010 g. Raising of the premature baby did not present any special problems. PMID- 6237954 TI - [Placental villous stem vessel occlusions. Studies of a twin placenta retained in utero following selective sectio parva]. AB - During a twin pregnancy of a 41-year old woman, a selective sectio parva was performed, without removing the placenta, in the 23rd week of gestation. An amniotic fluid examination after routine amniocentesis showed a free trisomy 21 in only one of the twins. The twin with normal caryotype was delivered in the 28th week. His placenta was well developed, whereas the placenta of the other child showed severe obliterations of the stem arteries with partial avascularity of the villi. The histological aspect was that of a so-called "endarteritis obliterans". Since the twin delivered via sectio parva showed no signs of dystrophy, we presume that at the time of delivery his placenta had developed regularly. The changes of the placenta, demonstrated by histological examinations, seemed to be caused by the stopping of the foetal blood circulation. We suggest that the intrauterine death is not caused by "endarteritis obliterans" only as often described previously. Obviously, the morphological picture of endarteritis obliterans can be the result of cessation of foetal blood circulation. Obliteration of stem arteries might be the main reason for the stillbirth with significant signs of dystrophy. The similar histological picture in placentae of normally developed stillbirths is obviously caused by discontinuation of foetal blood circulation. PMID- 6237956 TI - [Hygienic study of the barrier function of local water-purification installations with regard to the chemical pollutants "agrochemicals + surface-active agents"]. PMID- 6237955 TI - In vitro insertional mutagenesis with a selectable DNA fragment. AB - A new method for in vitro insertional mutagenesis of genes cloned in Escherichia coli is presented. This simple procedure combines the advantages of in vitro DNA linker mutagenesis with those of in vivo transposition mutagenesis. It makes use of the omega fragment, a 2.0-kb DNA segment consisting of an antibiotic resistance gene (the Smr/Spcr gene of the R100.1 plasmid) flanked by short inverted repeats carrying transcription and translation termination signals and synthetic polylinkers. The omega fragment is inserted into a linearized plasmid by in vitro ligation, and the recombinant DNA molecules are selected by their resistance to streptomycin and spectinomycin. The omega fragment terminates RNA and protein synthesis prematurely, thus allowing the definition and mapping of both transcription and translation units. Because of the symmetrical structure of omega, the same effect is obtained with insertions in either orientation. The antibiotic resistance gene can be subsequently excised from the mutated molecules, leaving behind its flanking restriction site(s). PMID- 6237957 TI - [Comparative hygienic evaluation of working conditions of dairy workers at animal husbandry farms with different levels of mechanization of major technological processes]. PMID- 6237958 TI - [Factors determining the population's participation in preventive examinations in Minsk]. PMID- 6237960 TI - [Determination of the maximum permissible concentrations of dimethyloctadecylbenzylammonium chloride in water reservoirs used for sanitary and domestic purposes]. PMID- 6237959 TI - [Various morphofunctional indicators in 4th-8th grade schoolchildren in Vitebsk during school year]. PMID- 6237961 TI - [Possibility of using mine waters for dust control]. PMID- 6237962 TI - [Endotracheal suction of meconial amniotic fluid]. PMID- 6237963 TI - [Pneumoperitoneum by vaginal approach in gynecologic laparoscopy. Results and analysis of 200 cases]. PMID- 6237964 TI - [Air dust content in highly efficient air conditioners]. PMID- 6237965 TI - [Hygienic evaluation of the dust factor and microclimate in cabins of medium grade rotor excavators in Central Kazakhstan]. PMID- 6237966 TI - [Toxico-hygienic evaluation of zinc dialkyldithiophosphates in oil compositions of lubricating-cooling liquids]. PMID- 6237967 TI - [Effect of traxanox on antibody formation in BALB/c mice]. AB - The production of spleen- and thymus-rosette forming cells (RFC) in BALB/c mice 4 days after immunization with 5 X 10(8) sheep red blood cells (SRBC) was inhibited by traxanox at doses of 10-30 mg/kg, p.o. This agent (100 mg/kg, p.o.) suppressed the 19S hemagglutinin titer and elevated the 7S hemagglutinin titer. The transfer of spleen-RFC of thymus-RFC into syngeneic recipient mice 4 days after immunization with SRBC increased the production of spleen hemolytic plaque forming cells (HPFC). This increase was abolished by the transfer of spleen-RFC obtained from mice treated with traxanox (30 mg/kg, p.o.), but not by the transfer of spleen-RFC treated with anti-Lyt 2.2 antiserum and complement. The viability of the spleen-RFC in mice treated with traxanox was decreased by treatment with anti-Lyt 2.2 antiserum and complement. Traxanox (3-30 mg/kg, p.o) significantly increased the inhibition of HPFC, spleen-RFC and thymus-RFC production by Concanavalin A at a dose of 50 micrograms/mouse. This agent (3-30 mg/kg, p.o) inhibited the production of HPFC, spleen-RFC and thymus-RFC in mice 4 days after the secondary immunization. These results suggest that traxanox may inhibit antibody production via the induction of Lyt 2.2 positive cells (suppressor T cells). PMID- 6237968 TI - Cytochemical studies of acid phosphatase, adenosine triphosphatase and lactic dehydrogenase activity in thioacetamide-induced hepatoma. PMID- 6237969 TI - [Squamous cell carcinoma of the palatine tonsils. Effect on the immune system in man]. AB - Immunological monitoring was applied to 56 patients suffering from squamous cell carcinoma of the tonsils. The Immunofluorescence of oral swabs and measurements of unspecific suppressive activity of peripheral lymphocytes were tested. Autologous IgG antibodies directed against antigens of the tumor cells as well as higher levels of suppressor cells could be found in patients with carcinomas. These antibodies reacted similarly with allogeneic tonsillar carcinomas; cross reaction with other allogeneic tumor cells (bladder-kidney carcinoma) could not be detected. The findings indicate therapeutical consequences for the patients with high suppressor activity and immunofluorescence. PMID- 6237970 TI - [A new B-cell alloantigen of the rat]. AB - The major histocompatibility complex of the rat (RTl) is composed of at least five subregions. They are RTl-A,B,C,D and E regions. RTl-A,E and RTl-B,D regions encode class I and class II alloantigens, respectively. The RTl-C region encodes antigens which are similar to class I alloantigens and they are the homologue of mouse Qa-Tla antigens. A monoclonal antibody (X81-5C9) was produced against a rat B-cell leukemia, KNL-14. The KNL-14 cells were injected to a congenic rat, WKA. 1A(ACI). Spleen cells taken from the congenic rat were hybridized with mouse myeloma cell line P3.X63.Ag8.653. The monoclonal antibody lysed over 80% of nylon wool (N. W) adherent cells of lymph nodes, 25-30% of unseparated lymph node cells and/or spleen cells, and approximately 15-20% of peripheral blood lymphocytes of WKAH strain of rats. Only a portion (30-40%) of N. W. adherent cells of the peripheral blood lymphocytes was killed. Bone marrow cells, thymus cells and N. W. nonadherent cells were not lysed by the antibody. Macrophages, fetus, thymus and kidney homogenates could absorb the reactivity, whereas RBC, epidermal cells, brain, liver, testis could not absorb the cytotoxicity. A survey for the strain distribution of the antigen disclosed positive strains such as WKAH, W/Hok, LEJ, WKA. 1J (LEJ), ALB, WKA. 1B (ALB), BUF, BN, LEW, F344, W. 1L (F344) and KYN rats. The negative strains were NIG-III, WF, WKA. 1U WF), SDJ, W. 1U (SDJ), TO, W. 1T(TO), ACI, WKA. 1A(ACI), BDIX, WKA. 1DV1 (BDIX) and PVG/c rats. Immunochemically, the antibody precipitated antigens that gave two major bands on the SDS-PAGE. The heavy chain has an apparent molecular weight of 30 KD, which shifted to 33 KD under reducing conditions. The light chain has an apparent molecular weight of 12 KD. From these data a monoclonal antibody X81-5C9 is considered to detect a rat MHC (RTl) gene product which is different from the classic class I or class II cell surface antigens. It may be one of RTl-C antigens expressed mainly on B-cells. The characteristic feature of rat RTl-C antigens were discussed in relation to mouse Qa-Tla antigens. PMID- 6237971 TI - Effects of cyproterone acetate on adrenal steroidogenesis in vitro. AB - The effects of cyproterone acetate (CA) on steroidogenesis in isolated guinea-pig adrenal cells have been investigated by measuring the production of cortisol, its immediate precursors (11-deoxycortisol and 17-hydroxyprogesterone), and adrenal androgens (delta 4-androstenedione and dehydroepiandrosterone). Used at a dose of 2 micrograms/ml, CA provoked a sharp drop in the production of cortisol, aldosterone and 11-deoxycortisol. By contrast, 17-hydroxyprogesterone, delta 4 androstenedione and dehydroepiandrosterone were increased, which suggests that 21 hydroxylase activity is inhibited. With concentrations above 2 micrograms/ml CA, it would seem to be the 3-beta-ol-dehydrogenase-delta 4,5-isomerase complex that is affected, since dehydroepiandrosterone exhibited a sudden increase, whereas 17 hydroxyprogesterone and delta 4-androstenedione showed a relative decrease. The enzymatic system or systems involved therefore appear to be linked to the concentration of CA used but, whatever the case, the drop in cortisol production is accompanied by a decrease in aldosterone and an increase in adrenal androgen levels. PMID- 6237972 TI - Effect of human growth hormone on adrenal androgens in children with growth hormone deficiency. AB - The effect of human growth hormone (hGH) on adrenal androgen secretion was assessed in 7 patients (5 males, 2 females) with GH deficiency but normal ACTH cortisol function. Patients ranged in age from 9 5/12 to 14 8/12 years (median 12 years). Plasma concentrations of dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate (DHEA-S) and urinary excretion of 17-ketosteroids (17-KS) and free cortisol were determined before, during short-term (2 U/day X 3) and after long-term (6 months) treatment with hGH. No significant change was noted in the plasma concentration or urinary excretion of steroids during the short-term administration of hGH. Despite a significant increase in growth velocity during 6 months of hGH therapy (8.2 vs. 4.5 cm/year, p less than 0.01), the plasma concentrations of DHEA-S and the urinary 17-KS and free cortisol levels were unchanged. These results fail to substantiate a role for hGH in the physiologic control of adrenal androgen secretion. Thus, the low plasma levels of adrenal androgens sometimes seen in GH deficient patients are not due to the absence of GH per se. PMID- 6237974 TI - Hospitals urged to employ disabled persons. PMID- 6237973 TI - Processing and transport of lysosomal enzymes in human monocyte line U937. AB - Precursors of cathepsin D and beta-hexosaminidase synthesized in the U937 monocyte line are processed to mature forms with similar kinetics as in fibroblasts. In U937 cells the processing of the precursor of the beta-chain of beta-hexosaminidase, however, results in a larger fragment that resembles a processing intermediate in fibroblasts. This difference is explained by differences in the equipment of the cells with proteinases, since cross-feeding of the precursors to the cells results in a processing characteristic for the recipient cell type. In sucrose gradients the precursors are found partly in a low- and partly in a high-density region. Mature polypeptides and activity of lysosomal enzymes fractionate mainly in the higher density region. In U937 cells the transport and maturation of endogenous lysosomal enzymes are less sensitive to bases (NH4Cl, chloroquine, tilorone) and to antibody against the mannose 6 phosphate specific receptors than in fibroblasts. A small portion of enzymes released from U937 cells contains the markers recognized by the mannose-6 phosphate specific receptors. U937 cells express these receptors and utilize them for transport of endogenous and exogenous lysosomal enzymes. It appears, however, that a fraction of lysosomal enzymes is transported in U937 cells independent of the mannose-6-phosphate-specific receptors. PMID- 6237975 TI - Human T cell differentiation antigens characterizing a cytotoxic/suppressor T cell subset. AB - Monoclonal antibodies were raised against the leukemic T cells from a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Two antibodies, termed T411 and T811, were obtained which were reactive by indirect immunofluorescence only with cells of the T cell lineage. The T411 antibody recognized a polypeptide chain of 100,000 dalton apparent molecular weight which was present on the surface of 94 +/- 4% of peripheral blood T lymphocytes, but only on 20 +/- 8% of thymus cells. The antibody T811 reacted with a surface molecule composed of 2 poly-peptide chains of 32,000 and 34,000 dalton apparent molecular weight, which was expressed only on 25 +/- 10% of blood T lymphocytes and on 90 +/- 4% of thymus cells. Functional analysis of the T811+ and T811- T cell subsets isolated by rosetting with anti mouse Ig coated ox erythrocytes revealed that both subpopulations were able to mount a proliferative response to allo-antigens, whereas allo-antigen induced cytotoxic cells and their precursors were only found in the T811+ subset. The pokeweed mitogen induced in vitro differentiation of B lymphocytes into immunoglobulin secreting cells was dependent on the presence of the T811- subset, whereas the T811+ T cells efficiently suppressed this differentiation. PMID- 6237977 TI - Specific suppressor T-cells immune to antigens of the H-2 complex: receptors, clonal structure, genetic restriction and antigenic markers. PMID- 6237976 TI - Studies of immune responsiveness and unresponsiveness to the p-azobenzenearsonate (ABA) hapten. PMID- 6237978 TI - Immunological unresponsiveness induced by ultraviolet radiation. AB - Immunological unresponsiveness can be initiated by exposure of mice to UV radiation, followed by the introduction of certain antigens. These antigens include epicutaneously applied chemicals that induce contact hypersensitivity (CHS), and antigens that occur on skin cancers induced by UV radiation. Mice exposed repeatedly to high doses of UV radiation during UV carcinogenesis develop immunological unresponsiveness to UV radiation-induced skin cancers, which are highly antigenic. This unresponsiveness is associated with the appearance of suppressor T lymphocytes that are specific for tumors induced by UV radiation, even though these tumors express individually specific transplantation rejection antigens. Thus, the occurrence of suppressor cells with specificity for a set of non-cross-reacting tumors suggests that a common, UV-associated regulatory antigen or determinant may be present on UV-induced skin cancers. Suppression of CHS in mice by UV radiation can be induced by two different procedures. One involves applying the sensitizer directly on skin exposed to low doses of UV-B radiation and is thought to result from a direct effect of UV radiation on cutaneous Langerhans cells. The second involves application of the sensitizer to the unirradiated skin of mice or guinea pigs exposed several days earlier to a higher dose of UV-B radiation. The mechanism of the latter phenomenon is not well understood, but there is evidence that it results from an alteration of antigen presentation by splenic macrophages. Both forms of suppression are associated with the appearance of antigen-specific suppressor lymphocytes in the animals' spleens, which prevent the induction of CHS upon transfer to a normal recipient. Either or both of these pathways could be responsible for the formation of the suppressor cells involved in UV carcinogenesis. Recent studies suggest that UV radiation may also affect immunological responsiveness in humans as well as in animals. However, the extent of such alterations and the mechanisms by which they occur are still unknown. PMID- 6237980 TI - A comparative study of streptococcal antigen-binding human T8+ cells and monocytes, in relation to the HLA-DRw6 locus and the helper, suppressor and contrasuppressor functions. AB - Binding of streptococcal antigen was compared between T8+ cells and monocytes (Mo) from DRw6+ and DRw6- subjects. Both T8+ cells and Mo from DRw6- subjects bind streptococcal antigen (SA) specifically and almost entirely at a concentration of 1000 ng per 0.1 ml. However, the DRw6+, T8+ cells bind SA at a concentration of 1 ng but the DRw6+ Mo bind SA at both 1 and 1000 ng of SA per 0.1 ml. The HLA-DR-dependent shift in the binding concentration of SA applied to Mo as well as T8+ cells, except that the DRw6+ Mo showed a biphasic response (1 and 1000 ng) of SA binding. Comparative inhibition studies revealed that the antigen binding T8+ cells, unlike Mo, are inhibited with monoclonal anti-T8 and T5 antibodies and anti-suppressor factor antiserum. Neither cell was inhibited by anti- T4, M1, F(ab), IgG, IgM, VH null cell or helper factor antibodies, and anti T3 antibodies showed variable inhibition of SA binding to T8+ cells but no inhibition to Mo. A functional comparison was carried out between the antigen binding cells and helper and suppressor activities in unseparated mononuclear cells. T4-depleted and T8-depleted populations of cells. The concentration of SA binding to the T8+ cells was the same as that required to elicit helper activity but reciprocal to the broad range of SA concentrations necessary to induce suppressor cell activity. The results are interpreted on the basis of the hypothesis that the antigen binding T8+ cell functions as a contrasuppressor cell which prevents the major subset of the T8+ cells inhibiting the T4+ cells. PMID- 6237979 TI - In vitro synthesis of IgE by human lymphocytes. II. Enhancement of the spontaneous IgE synthesis by IgE-binding factors secreted by RPMI 8866 lymphoblastoid B cells. AB - RPMI 8866 lymphoblastoid cells, known to express surface Fc epsilon R, were tested for their ability to regulate the in vitro synthesis of human IgE. Cell free supernatants (CFS) of RPMI 8866 cells enhanced in a dose-dependent fashion the spontaneous IgE synthesis by B cells of allergic individuals. For maximum activity the CFS had to be added during the first 3 days of culture. CFS did not significantly alter the spontaneous synthesis of IgM or IgG, but they suppressed IgA synthesis both in B cell cultures and in pokeweed mitogen-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells cultures. Cyclosporin A did not suppress either the spontaneous Ig production by B cells nor the IgE-potentiating activity of CFS. The enhancing activity of CFS was related to its content in IgE binding factors (IgE-BFs); these factors were detected by their ability to inhibit the rosetting of RPMI 8866 cells with IgE-coated erythrocytes (E-IgE). Both the IgE BFs and the IgE-potentiating activity of the supernatants of RPMI 8866 cell cultures could be removed by absorption with IgE-Sepharose, from which they could subsequently be eluted with glycine-HCl buffer. IgE-BFs were identified as glycoproteins on the basis of their sensitivity to trypsin and to neuraminidase. By filtration of the RPMI 8866 cell supernatants through a Sephadex G75 column, IgE-binding activity was found to be associated with two fractions with molecular sizes in the range of 10,000-15,000 and 30,000-40,000. The IgA-suppressing activity of the RPMI 8866 culture filtrates could be absorbed with sIgA-Sepharose from which it was subsequently recovered by elution with glycine-HCl buffer. Most unexpectedly, sIgA-Sepharose also removed IgE-BFs and IgE-potentiating activity from the RPMI 8866 supernatants; both could be recovered by subsequent elution from sIgA-Sepharose with gycline-HCl buffer. These data are provisionally interpreted as indicating that the IgE-BFs secreted by RPMI 8866 cells had affinity for both IgE and sIgA and that they exerted a reciprocal effect on the in vitro synthesis of IgE and IgA. PMID- 6237981 TI - One-way occurrence of graft-versus-host disease in bone marrow chimaeras between congenic MRL mice. AB - Bone marrow cells (BMCs) of MRL/Mp-lpr/lpr (MRL/l) mice, when infused into irradiated MRL/Mp-+/+ (MRL/n) mice, induced graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and recipients died of wasting syndromes beginning around a few weeks later. Protracted appearance of GVHD was observed when (MRL/n X MRL/l) F1 mice were used as recipients of MRL/l BMSs. On the other hand, MRL/n BMCs did not elicit GVHD in irradiated MRL/l mice. Treatment of MRL/l BMCs with anti-Thy-l antiserum plus complement did not eliminate GVHD-provoking capacity. Thymectomy of the recipents reduced the incidence of GVHD. No apparent reaction was observed in mutual mixed lymphocyte culture of spleen cells from MRL/l and MRL/n mice. These data suggest that injected T cell precursors of MRL/l mice become mature through the host (MRL/n mice) thymus and appear in the periphery as functioning T cells, resulting in the appearance of GVHD. PMID- 6237982 TI - Binding kinetics of monomeric and aggregated IgG to Kupffer cells and hepatocytes of mice. AB - The binding kinetics of human monomeric IgG and stable heat-aggregated IgG (A IgG) to Fc receptors of hepatocytes and Kupffer cells isolated from mice was studied. After injection of radiolabelled proteins the 60-70% of hepatic uptake was recovered in parenchymal cells (hepatocytes). In experiments in vitro the A IgG bound in larger amounts to hepatocytes and Kupffer cells than monomeric IgG. The association rate constants of aggregates were somewhat higher for Kupffer cells than for hepatocytes whereas the percentage uptake of aggregates by Kupffer cells was only 5-15% of that of hepatocytes. The equilibrium constants of aggregates binding to both cells amounted to 0.4-1 X 10(8) M-1 for A-IgG compared with an equilibrium constant for monomeric IgG of 1-2 X 10(7)M-1. The maximum number of IgG and A-IgG molecules bound per cell was higher on hepatocytes (mean 14 X 10(6)) than on Kupffer cells (mean 2 X 10(5)) which is in agreement with the higher binding capacity of hepatocytes for these proteins observed in vivo and in vitro experiments. The ability to compete for receptor binding seemed to reside exclusively in the Fc portion of IgG since F(ab')2 fragments of IgG failed to inhibit labelled monomeric IgG or A-IgG. The receptor seems to be specific for IgG since unlabelled monomeric IgA demonstrated no binding inhibition of labelled IgG or A-IgG on hepatocytes and Kupffer cells. The overall results further suggest that hepatocytes might through Fc receptors play a collaborative role with the mononuclear phagocytic system in the clearance of circulating immune complexes. PMID- 6237983 TI - Macrophage-mediated suppression of T lymphocyte proliferation induced by oral carrageenan administration. AB - Carrageenan, a high molecular weight sulphated polygalactan, is a potent inhibitor of immune responses mediated by macrophages. In the present study, spleen cells from rats orally dosed with 5 mg/kg or 50 mg/kg Seakem 9 carrageenan displayed a long-lasting depression of T lymphocyte mitogenesis as measured by [3H]-thymidine uptake in response to phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) or concanavalin A (Con A). Maximal suppression of splenic T cell proliferation occurred with the low dose (5 mg/kg) of orally administered carrageenan. Removal of adherent cells restored the PHA mitogenic response, suggesting a macrophage-mediated mechanism in suppression of lymphocyte activation. Rats which received 5 mg/kg carrageenan displayed impaired host resistance to Listeria monocytogenes as evidenced by increased numbers of Listeria in the peritoneal cavity 18 hr after i.p. inoculation. Supernatants from peritoneal exudate macrophages, as well as resident macrophages themselves obtained from carrageenan-fed rats, also suppressed PHA-induced spleen cell mitogenesis. These data support the hypothesis that low doses of orally administered carrageenan stimulate a population of macrophages to actively suppress T lymphocyte proliferation, while high doses abolish suppressor activity. PMID- 6237984 TI - Serum Fc gamma-receptor-like molecules in primary biliary cirrhosis: a possible immunoregulatory mechanism. AB - Functionally active Fc gamma-receptor-like molecules were isolated from normal human serum by affinity chromatography and shown to have an apparent molecular weight (MW) of approximately 60,000 as assessed by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. These low MW Fc gamma-receptor-like molecules were found to be significantly reduced in whole serum, and in all of six serum fractions, obtained from patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC). A high MW IgG-binding factor, with partial Fc gamma-receptor-like activity, was also found in PBC serum. This factor was also observed to a lesser extent in normal serum. Detailed analysis of this factor suggests that it is a large macromolecule consisting of antigen (unknown). IgG class antibody and 60K Fc gamma-receptor-like molecules. Binding of serum Fc gamma R-like molecules to immune complexes may account for the apparent reduction in Fc gamma-receptor-like activity observed in whole PBC serum. These macromolecules may play an important role in immunoregulation. PMID- 6237985 TI - Maternal inhibition of malaria vaccination in mice can be overcome by giving a second dose of vaccine. AB - A single dose of a formalin-fixed malaria vaccine which normally protects mice against challenge with the live parasite, is ineffective in mice born to immune mothers. This inhibition of protection, which is due to maternally-derived IgG, can be overcome if a second dose of vaccine is given 10 or more days after the first. We show that this is related to the production of specific IgM antibody in response to the first dose of vaccine, which competitively blocks the inhibitory effect of the IgG. The implications of this finding in relation to immune regulation and immunization regimes are discussed. PMID- 6237986 TI - Cell-mediated immunity in experimental murine dermatophytosis. I. Temporal aspects of T-suppressor activity caused by Trichophyton quinckeanum. AB - Cutaneous dermatophyte infections caused by Trichophyton quinckeanum were established in various strains of mice. All congenic BALB/B (H-2b), BALB/c (H-2d) and BALB/K (H-2k) strains showed high susceptibility to dermatophyte infection. Susceptibility is independent of MHC phenotype, since other strains with corresponding H-2 haplotypes such as C57BL/6 (H-2b), DBA/2 (H-2d) and CBA (H-2k) were resistant to the disease. During the acute phase of infection in BALB/c mice, the in vitro blastogenic responses of regional lymph node cells was suppressed. Suppression was observed for both the T cell mitogens concanavalin A and phytohaemagglutinin, and for the B cell mitogen lipopolysaccharide. A series of cell-mixing experiments revealed that lymph node cells from infected mice were able to suppress the T cell and B cell mitogenic responses of lymph node cells from normal mice. Suppression was mediated by T cells and abrogated by treatment of lymph node cells with either monoclonal anti-thy-1.2 or anti-Ly-2.2 and complement. In this report, we discuss the possibility that T-suppressor mechanism mediated by cells bearing the Ly-2+ phenotype and activated during dermatophyte infection may determine the course of the disease. PMID- 6237987 TI - C3-independent immune haemolysis: haemolysis of EAC14oxy2 cells by C5-C9 without participation of C3. AB - C3-independent immune haemolysis was studied using EAC14oxy2 cells and purified C5, C6, C7, C8 and C9. We have found that EAC14oxy2 cells were lysed by C5-C9 and that haemolysis occurs, even after pretreatment of the cells and the C5-C9 preparation with anti-C3. This indicates that EAC14oxy2 can be lysed by C5-C9 without any participation of C3. In contrast, EAC1 and EAC14 cells are not lysed by C5-C9, suggesting that our C5-C9 preparation lacks activated complement components, such as C3bBb, C5b6 or C(56)a. Based on our study of the haemolysis of EAC14oxy2, we have determined that: (i) EAC14oxy2 cells are lysed by a preparation of C5, C6, C7, C8 and C9, but no lysis occurs when any one of these complement is absent, (ii) for significant haemolysis of EAC14oxy2, a higher concentration of C5 is necessary as compared to the C5 requirement when haemolysis occurs in the presence of C3, (iii) the degree of haemolysis is linearly related to the concentration of C5 and does not reach a plateau, despite the addition of as much as 3,200 U of C5, and (iv) the degree of haemolysis is linearly related to the concentration of cell bound C42. These observations suggest that, in the absence of C3, the C3 convertase C42 can activate C5 directly, resulting in the formation of the membrane attack complex, C5b-9. PMID- 6237988 TI - Effect of colchicine on T cell subsets of healthy volunteers. AB - We examined the effect of oral colchicine (1-2 mg/day) on four healthy volunteers' T cell subsets. Colchicine significantly (P less than 0.01) decreased the mean (+/- SD) percent of OKT3+ total T cells (from 70 +/- 16 to 47 +/- 13), OKT4+ helper/inducer T cells (from 44 +/- 9 to 24 +/- 6), and OKT8+ suppressor/cytotoxic T cells (from 27 +/- 7 to 17 +/- 7), but did not significantly affect the OKT4:OKT8 ratio (from 1.64 +/- 0.21 to 1.48 +/- 0.45) or concanavalin A-induced suppressor cell function (from 44 +/- 9% to 47 +/- 13%). Thus, colchicine non-selectively decreased the circulating helper/inducer and suppressor/cytotoxic T cells. PMID- 6237990 TI - H-2 and non-H-2 genes complement each other for a carrier (idiotype)-specific Th response. PMID- 6237989 TI - Absence of suppression in natural and induced tolerance to F antigen. AB - The role of suppression in natural and induced tolerance to F antigen was investigated in two sets of experiments. In the first, CBA mice were submitted to pretreatments which decrease suppression and the antibody response to self- or allo-F type was investigated. The second set of experiments involved the transfer of spleen cells from tolerized or from naturally tolerant mice into normal mice which were then primed with allo-F, as well as the co-transfer of tolerant and primed lymphocytes into normal mice, to test whether tolerant lymphocytes present suppressor cells. The results indicate that the immune response against allo-F antigen is normally kept in a low level by a suppressive mechanism, and that F specific suppressor T cells are absent from tolerant mice. PMID- 6237991 TI - DRGs: a recent refinement to an old method. AB - In this review of disease classification schemes, the authors argue that the recently promulgated diagnosis related groups (DRGs) method of reimbursing Medicare patient care is the culmination of a tradition with antecedents going back thousands of years. They describe the historical development of disease classification schemes, beginning with ancient pathological descriptions corresponding to modern disease classification, attempts in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries to gather statistical information on mortality to better understand the causes of death, and the activity leading to the development of the International Classification of Diseases, on which the DRG methodology is based. The authors then review 20th-century attempts to estimate nursing requirements by relating disease classification schemes to patient care needs. PMID- 6237992 TI - What's so special about special care? AB - Special care units are the most advanced, intensive, technological, and costly of hospital services. They also have proliferated rapidly. Yet little is understood about the definition, prevalence, genesis, costs, or benefits of SCUs. This paper defines and examines the many forces that have promoted the growth of special care, including hospital cost containment policies, fee-for-service reimbursement, medical ethics, standards of care, and manpower, and the much less numerous forces that have inhibited its spread. It is concluded that a sound appreciation of the dynamics of SCUs will be crucial to guiding future policy decisions as the nation's population ages and as hospitals continue to improve their capability to care for critically ill patients. PMID- 6237993 TI - DRGs and hospital case records: implications for Medicare case mix accuracy. AB - As Medicare moves to DRG-based prospective payment, it is not clear whether the federal government has adequate data upon which to formulate DRG prices and assess hospital case mix. This study compares the Medicare case mix of Minneapolis-St. Paul hospitals based on the historical information submitted for billing purposes on the Medicare claim with the actual case mix of hospitals as described in the medical record chart. It was found that for the same patients, the DRG based on the claim matched the DRG on the medical record approximately half of the time. These "mismatches" resulted in a statistically significant understatement of hospitals' case mix, and have obvious implications for the setting of DRG prices and equitable hospital reimbursement. PMID- 6237994 TI - Adverse selection under a voucher system: grouping Medicare recipients by level of expenditure. AB - Third-party payers increasingly are offering insured populations a choice of health insurance packages. This paper addresses the issue of adverse selection: the tendency of high-risk and thus high-cost individuals to disproportionately choose comprehensive plans and low-risk individuals to disproportionately choose plans with limited benefits. The adverse selection issue is first analyzed as it applies generally to multiple-choice plans, and then a methodology is developed for avoiding adverse selection in the case of the Medicare voucher plan. Although developed specifically for the Medicare voucher plan, the proposed pricing system could be applied to any insured population that is offered a multiple-choice insurance plan. PMID- 6237995 TI - Interstate variations in the growth of chain-owned proprietary hospitals, 1973 1982. AB - Proprietary hospital chains are now the predominant, and the fastest growing, segment of the for-profit sector of the hospital industry. This paper examines the relationships between the growth patterns of proprietary hospital chains and state-level variations in a number of demographic and economic factors related to health care. Results indicate that increases in the market share of proprietary chains are greatest in states that have the greatest increases in population, per capita income, and insurance coverage and that already have large proprietary market shares of beds. The growth behavior of proprietary chains thus appears to be highly consistent with standard market behavior. PMID- 6237996 TI - The impact of residency training on the productivity of family physicians. AB - Because of a projected rapid increase in the proportion of family physicians who are residency graduates, it is important to understand the impact of residency training on practice patterns. In this study of the effect of family practice residency training on productivity, residency graduates were found to have seen 21.5% fewer patients per hour but to have spent commensurately more time per patient visit than did their counterparts without residency training. This relationship persisted even after controlling for a variety of physician and practice characteristics, including physician age, practice organization, and geographic region. PMID- 6237997 TI - Provider participation in competitive bidding for indigent patients. AB - In this analysis of provider decisions in bidding for indigent medical care contracts, a general conceptual framework is developed where each provider bid is associated with a series of decisions and uncertain events that define a set of possible outcomes. The uncertainty surrounding probability and outcome estimates and the variation in provider objective functions lead to bidding behaviors that can vary widely across providers. The general framework is then applied to a discussion of the bidding strategies employed in the Arizona experiment by four different types of bidders. The article concludes with a discussion of state actions that can reduce provider uncertainty in the bidding process. PMID- 6237998 TI - Juggling multiple payers: American problems and foreign solutions. AB - The number and diverse methods of payers are among the principal causes of disarray in American hospital finance. Hospital managers are preoccupied with an intricate and deceptive shifting of costs among payers to maximize their revenues. In all other developed countries third parties cooperate, either voluntarily or by regulation, rather than try to shift costs to each other. In some countries third parties merge and hospital budgets are spread across all payers by standard calculations. In some countries with multiple payers, a common financial office administers all transactions with hospitals. The trend is to concentrate payment in a single source. Hospitals abroad are more stable than those in the United States. With stability, however, come inhibitions against risk, innovation, and failure. PMID- 6237999 TI - The conversion of claims files to an episode data base: a tool for management and research. AB - The construction of an episode-of-care file based on utilization data from the insurance claims system of Blue Cross and Blue Shield of North Carolina was undertaken for its subscribers and Medicare beneficiaries, a data base that includes 60% of the hospital days in North Carolina. The conversion was accomplished without interfering with the integrity of the accounting system, and the resulting file provides essential data for management decisions and epidemiological research. Among the uses to which the information in the file can be put are the promotion of ambulatory surgery, the redesign of group insurance benefits by employers, and the support of statewide health planning programs. PMID- 6238000 TI - Depression of lymphocyte reactivity by serum from patients with dilated cardiomyopathy. AB - We have investigated the presence of serum factors (serum inhibitory factor and rosette inhibitory factor) which inhibit the blastogenic response to phytohemagglutinin and E-rosette function of normal lymphocytes in patients affected with dilated cardiomyopathy. We found them to be present in significantly higher levels with respect to a "control disease" group (P less than 0.05) and normal subjects (P less than 0.02). Furthermore, serum inhibitory factors were significantly correlated to the functional class of cardiac failure as evaluated according to the New York Heart Association functional classification (P less than 0.05). There was no correlation between serum factors and other immunological parameters investigated (serum IgG, IgA, IgM, C3 and C4 concentrations, alpha-2-macroglobulin levels). Serum inhibitory factors may affect lymphocyte subpopulations, accounting for a T-suppressor functional defect correlated with greater severity of the disease. PMID- 6238001 TI - Relation between myocardial contractility, hypertrophy and pump performance in patients with chronic aortic regurgitation: an echocardiographic study. AB - The aim of this study was to establish prognostic indices and to detect irreversible left ventricular dysfunction before aortic valve replacement in patients with chronic aortic regurgitation. Therefore, we determined the left ventricular pump/contractility relation (expressed as a ration between ejection fraction and peak systolic pressure/end-systolic volume), afterload mismatch (the relation between the ejection fraction and mean systolic wall stress) and the left ventricular end-diastolic radius/posterior wall thickness ratio in 52 patients with chronic aortic regurgitation by means of M-mode echocardiography. These indices were also calculated in 14 patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy and in 20 normal controls. The indices allowed separation of normals and patients with mild to moderate aortic insufficiency from patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy indicating that these indices could distinguish between patients with a reversible afterload mismatch and those with irreversible impaired muscle function. The 38 patients with severe aortic insufficiency showed a large overlap between normal and abnormal indices. Twelve of these patients had a pump/contractility index and a ratio between ejection fraction and wall stress similar to that found in patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. All these patients, however, had a left ventricular end diastolic radius/thickness ratio greater than 4 indicating "inadequate hypertrophy". Of these, 3 patients died perioperatively and 4 developed congestive heart failure within 12 months postoperatively. We conclude that an end-diastolic radius/thickness ratio greater than 4 is a sensitive but not a specific preoperative indicator of irreversible left ventricular damage in patients with chronic aortic regurgitation. This index is readily obtained preoperatively by M-mode echocardiography. PMID- 6238002 TI - Influence of interferon on C19-steroids in urine of malignant skin melanoma and malignant breast neoplasm patients. AB - The paper evaluates the effect of human leukocyte interferon (HLI) in patients with malignant skin melanoma and malignant neoplasm of the breast. HLI was administered intramuscularly in a daily dose of 2 X 10(5) IU 7 days at 8-week intervals over a period of 12 months. The chosen patients were in the surgical stage of the disease, i.e. they had undergone surgical operation on the primary tumor or on the regional lymph nodes T1-3, N0-1, M0. During the HLI treatment the values of C19-steroid metabolites and particularly of Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHA) were established and the following conclusions have been drawn: the application of HLI in a dose of 2 X 10(5) by the described method has an impact on the change of C19 steroid metabolism in terms of normalization. PMID- 6238004 TI - Rational decisions and occupational health: a critical view. AB - This article critically examines a growing trend in the economics of industrial health--the tendency to predict worker behavior on the basis of rational decision models and to draw policy conclusions from these predictions. The method is found weak, both conceptually and empirically. Conceptually, it fitnesses a serious problem of equity and makes unrealistic assumptions about worker behavior and the nature of accident causation. Empirically, its predictions contradict the results of 40 years of accident research, and the evidence advanced to support it is far from convincing. In addition, it produces dangerous hypotheses in the sense in which that term is defined by the opponents of the "accident prone" theory. PMID- 6238005 TI - Physical deformities in Nigerian schools: the Port Harcourt Cohort study. AB - A total of 3,144 Nigerian school children, adolescents and adults were clinically screened for physical deformities in order to identify and classify the various forms of physical deformities found in Nigerian schools; ascertain cause; determine the health, educational and rehabilitation needs of the subjects and offer suggestions as to ways of meeting these needs. Nine hundred and seventy-two (30.9%) of the subjects were identified with various physical deformities including Non-rachitic Primary Knee Deformities; Pes Planus; Talipes Equinus Varus; Scoliosis; Limb Length Discrepancy; Cubitus Valgus and Hallux Valgus. Statistically significant differences were found in the proportion of male and female subjects who had Genu Valgum (p less than 0.005); Genu Recurvatum (p less than 0.001) and Cubitus Valgus (p less than 0.001). Subjects with Limb Length Discrepancies had a significant mean limb Length Difference between the right and left lower extremities (p less than 0.001). A majority of the physical deformities (92.1%) were attributed to congenital factors. Considering reports from numerous countries, the prevalence of scoliosis in this cohort may be said to be low. In general, it may be concluded that physical deformities in Nigerian schools are mild to moderate in nature; with a few cases requiring correction by physiotherapy or orthopaedic surgery. PMID- 6238003 TI - Vascularised pedicular bone grafts. AB - When a massive free bone graft has to be incorporated into a large bone defect in the presence of a poor vascular recipient bed, the risks of absorption and failure of the graft to revascularise are high. Experimental studies have confirmed that a bone graft transferred to its recipient site with an intact pedicle of blood supply remains viable, and unites directly with the recipient bone without having to be revascularised and replaced by creeping substitution. It also provides a live bone bridge for reconstruction of a massive bone defect, and is a ready source of vascular osteogenic tissue which sprouts new outgrowths to revascularise avascular recipient bone. A vascularised bone graft can be raised on a pedicle of muscle attachment or a main axial vessel, but the mobility of the vascularised pediculated graft is limited by the length of its pedicle. The vascularised muscle-pedicle graft of the ipsilateral fibular shaft described by Chacha et al has been proved viable both in monkeys and in humans. The shaft is raised on a pedicle of the peroneal vessels and the peroneal and the anterior tibial muscles, and provides an excellent viable bone strut to bridge a large defect in the tibial shaft. Judet's quadratus femoris muscle-pedicle graft from the greater trochanter has proved superior to Phemister's tibial cortical or fibular strut graft for the treatment of non-union of the femoral neck and the silent-phase of avascular necrosis of the femoral head. The tensor fascia lata muscle-pedicle graft of the anterior iliac crest, described by Davies and Taylor, provides a good viable bone strut for anterior hip fusion and for filling defects in the acetabulum and the upper femur. The whole of the greater trochanter attached to a thick pedicle of the gluteal muscles can be used as a live extra articular graft for hip fusion. A pedicular rib graft raised on its intercostal vessels, as described by Rose et al. and Bradford, is a very useful live bone strut for correction of kyphosis and grafting of infective lesions of the vertebral bodies. The cortical graft of the radius within the radial forearm skin flap for reconstruction of the thumb, the pronator quadratus muscle-pedicle graft of the lower radius for non-union of the scaphoid and avascular necrosis of the lunate, and the erector spinae muscle-pedicle graft of the posterior ilium for intertransverse fusion are new concepts which need to be evaluated for wider clinical application. PMID- 6238006 TI - The work of adjustment groups in adapting the workplace to the disabled. PMID- 6238007 TI - Cervical pain and mobilization. PMID- 6238008 TI - The incidence of hearing impairment in a sample of Down's syndrome schoolchildren. PMID- 6238009 TI - Study of the value of gait analysis techniques in the treatment of physical disability. PMID- 6238010 TI - Acquired ichthyosis and related conditions. PMID- 6238011 TI - The Pityrosporon yeasts. Their role as pathogens. AB - P. orbiculare (P. ovale), a member of the normal human cutaneous flora, is also an opportunistic pathogen, and the association with tinea versicolor is well documented. Recently, the Pityrosporon yeasts have been associated with several other diseases. That Pityrosporon folliculitis is a separate disease is now documented. The association with CRP and with some cases of psoriasis and seborrheic dermatitis seem probable but are not yet fully proven. Reports show that P. orbiculare (P. ovale) are involved not only in dermatologic diseases, again indicating that the organisms are not "harmless" saprophytes. Because of our awareness of this association, more cases of systemic infections with Pityrosporon yeasts may be reported. PMID- 6238012 TI - The hepatitis B vaccine: responsibilities of the dentist-employer. PMID- 6238013 TI - Porphyrin phototherapy of human cancer. PMID- 6238014 TI - Phosphofructokinase of calf trabecular meshwork. AB - The activity of phosphofructokinase (PFK), a key regulatory enzyme of glycolysis, has been measured in the 27,000 X g supernatant of homogenates prepared from excised calf trabecular meshwork. The enzyme required NH4+, both at pH 8.5 and pH 7.2. This requirement was not relieved by K+ or AMP. At pH 7.2 and ATP levels of 0.1 to 2.5 mM, PFK was completely inactive in the absence of added AMP or NH4+. PFK was only weakly activated by 0.5 mM AMP or by 5 mM NH4+, but in the presence of both AMP and NH4+, PFK was highly active up to 1 mM ATP. At pH 8.5 and ATP levels of 0.1-12.5 mM, PFK was weakly active in the absence of added NH4+, with or without AMP. With the addition of 5 mM NH4+, PFK was highly active up to 2.5 mM ATP, while AMP was largely without effect. Concentrations of NH4+ as low as 0.03 mM stimulated PFK activity to 20% of maximal, yet the maximum was not reached until NH4+ levels were 10-30 mM. The activation of PFK by AMP and its inhibition by ATP is profoundly modified by pH. In contrast, the requirement for NH4+ is unaffected. This requirement suggests a regulatory role for ammonium ion in controlling the rate of glycolysis in trabecular meshwork. The concentration of ammonium in calf aqueous humor was found to be 0.18 mM, which is in the right range to have an effect. PMID- 6238015 TI - Twenty-eighth annual AOA/NOF Research Conference, 1984: part I. Keynote address: Muscle and low-back pain. PMID- 6238017 TI - Coordination between rib cage muscles and diaphragm during quiet breathing in humans. AB - The pattern of activation of the scalenes and the parasternal intercostal muscles was studied in relation to the pattern of rib cage and abdominal motion during various respiratory maneuvers in the tidal volume range in five normal humans. Electromyograms (EMG) of the scalenes and parasternal intercostals were recorded with bipolar needle electrodes, and changes in abdominal and rib cage displacement were measured using linearized magnetometers. The scalenes and parasternal intercostals were always active during quiet breathing, and their pattern of activation was identical; in both muscles the EMG activity usually started together with the beginning of inspiration, increased in intensity as inspiration proceeded, and persisted into the early part of expiration. In addition, like the parasternal activity the scalene inspiratory activity persisted until the tidal volume was trivial, increased during tidal inspirations performed with the rib cage alone, and was nearly abolished during diaphragmatic isovolume maneuvers. However, attempts to perform tidal inspiration with the diaphragm alone, while causing an increase in parasternal EMG activity, were associated with a marked reduction or a suppression of scalene EMG activity and a reduced substantially distorted rib cage expansion. In particular, the upper rib cage was then moving paradoxically.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6238016 TI - The influence of radiation therapy on T-lymphocyte subpopulations defined by monoclonal antibodies. AB - We studied the influence of radiation therapy on lymphocyte subpopulations in 17 patients undergoing adjuvant radiation therapy for primary breast cancer, and eight patients receiving brachytherapy and external beam irradiation for primary cancer of the uterus. Radiation therapy reduced B- and T-lymphocytes in proportion to the total lymphocyte population so that their percentages remained unchanged. Determination of helper and suppressor T-lymphocytes before, during and 6 months after completion of radiotherapy revealed that in both groups of patients suppressor T-lymphocytes were more resistant to and recovered faster after radiotherapy. This resulted in a decline of the "immunoregulatory balance" (helper/suppressor ratio). Although this ratio had been higher in both groups of patients than in healthy age- and sex-matched controls before therapy, it became normal and subnormal during and after radiotherapy. The clinical significance of the differential influence of radiotherapy on T-lymphocyte subpopulations remains to be determined. PMID- 6238018 TI - Laparoscopy in children and adolescents. AB - One hundred twelve females below the age of twenty years underwent laparoscopy at the Medical University of South Carolina over a ten-year period. Pelvic pain followed by primary amenorrhea was the major indication for the procedure. Eighty nine percent of those with acute pain had identifiable pelvic pathology, whereas 27% of girls presenting with chronic pain had a normal laparoscopic examination. Pelvic inflammatory disease was the most common diagnosis. Ovarian cysts, pregnancy complications, and endometriosis were also found. Endometriosis was not found among black teenage clinic patients. The procedure appears to be a safe and useful diagnostic tool in this age group. PMID- 6238019 TI - X-ray diagnosis and skeletal scintigraphy of bone tumors and bone metastases after high-voltage therapy. PMID- 6238020 TI - Affinity labeling of the myosin ATPase with ribose-modified fluorescent nucleotides and vanadate. AB - Ribose-modified fluorescent nucleotide analogs, 3'-O-anthraniloyl and 3'-O-(N methylanthraniloyl) derivatives of AT(D)P, dAT(D)P, CT(D)P, UT(D)P, IT(D)P, and GT(D)P, were synthesized for use as substrates and affinity labels for the myosin ATPase [Hiratsuka, T. (1983) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 742, 496-508]. None of the fluorescent nucleoside triphosphate (NTP) analogs was significantly different from the corresponding natural NTP in its ability to support superprecipitation of actomyosin. When fluorescent and natural NTPs were used as substrates for the myosin subfragment-1(S-1) ATPase in the presence of 1mM vanadate ion (V1), a slight initial inhibition of the S-1 NTPase was followed by progressive inhibition to more than 60% over a period of 1 h. The apparent second-order rate constants were 0.14-0.44M-1 . s-1, suggesting the formation of the inactive fluorescent NDP-labeled S-1. After incubation of S-1 with the nucleoside diphosphate (NDP) analog in the presence of Vi, the resultant fluorescent NDP labeled S-1 was isolated free of unbound Vi and the analog by gel filtration. The isolated complexes had stoichiometries of 0.6-1.1 NDP analog per S-1 active site. Native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed conveniently that the NDP analog is associated with S-1 as indicated by two intense fluorescent bands corresponding to S-1 isozymes. On dissociating gels, the analog was released from S-1, suggesting that the labeled S-1 is held together by strong secondary forces rather than covalent bonds.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6238021 TI - Distinct structures of ATP and GTP complexes in the myosin ATPase. AB - The active site of the myosin subfragment-1 ATPase was affinity-labeled with ribose-modified fluorescent analogs of ADP, dADP, CDP, UDP, IDP, and GDP in combination with vanadate, forming a stable myosin-nucleoside diphosphate vanadate complex that is analogous to the normal myosin-ADP-Pi intermediate [Hiratsuka, T. (1984) J. Biochem. 96, 147-154]. Labeled enzyme was isolated free of unbound analog and vanadate, and fluorescent properties of the fluorophore at the active site were examined. Fluorescence emission and acrylamide quenching studies revealed that the hydrophobicity of environment around the fluorophore and the degree of its burial in the protein vary with the base structure of NDP. It was found that the fluorophore of ADP analog is most buried into the protein, while that of the GDP analog is least buried. The results suggest that the deep burial of ATP into the myosin active site is essential for muscle contraction. PMID- 6238022 TI - Presence of (2'-5')oligoadenylate synthetase in avian erythrocytes. AB - (2'-5')Oligoadenylate synthetase (2-5A synthetase) was found in avian erythrocyte lysates from chicken, goose, and pigeon, with high levels being observed in chicken erythrocytes. No activities, however, were detected in erythrocytes from human, sheep, mouse, turtle, frog, trout, or lamprey. In chicken erythrocyte lysate, about 70% of ATP was converted to 2-5A molecules during a 20-h incubation, in which the tri- and tetra-adenylate were the major products. The tri-, tetra-, penta-, and hepta-adenylate were synthesized sequentially, but the levels of the di-adenylate were low throughout the reaction. 2-5A synthetase was also seen in erythrocytes from specific pathogen-free chickens, suggesting that the enzyme was not produced as a result of microbial infections. 2-5A synthetases from avian erythrocytes of chicken and pigeon were found not only in cytoplasms, but also in nuclei. No enzyme activity, however, was detected in the nuclear fraction of goose erythrocytes. The molecular size of 2-5A synthetase in nuclei from chicken erythrocytes was 45,000-60,000 daltons, while cytoplasms contained an 85,000- to 120,000-dalton enzyme. In addition, the synthetase was present in several types of chicken tissue including liver, intestine, bone marrow, spleen, bursa, pancreas, and thymus, but not in brain, heart, or stomach. PMID- 6238023 TI - Selective modification of myosin SH1 with 1,2,4-trinitrobenzene. VIII. Thiols of myosin. AB - Myosin has 2 mol of the most reactive thiol, named SH1. 1,2,4-Trinitrobenzene (TNB), a novel dinitrophenyl(DNP)ating reagent [Takahashi et al. (1983) Chem. Lett. 1445-1448], was found to react only with SH1 without any other amino acid residues in myosin under the conditions used. Its reaction with myosin SH1 was about 30 times faster than that with N-acetylcysteine (NAC). The reaction rate of TNB with SH1 was about twice compared with that of NEM, the most reactive selective reagent for SH1 so far found, although its rate with NAC was only one sixtieth that of NEM. As to the lambda max of the absorption spectrum of SH1-DNP myosin, a large red shift of as much as 20 nm was observed compared with low molecular S-DNP derivatives. This red shift disappeared in 8 M urea. This outstanding feature of SH1 modification with TNB was discussed in terms of affinity labeling by interaction with an aromatic amino acid near SH1. PMID- 6238024 TI - Purification and characterization of rat low molecular weight kininogen. AB - Low molecular weight (LMW) kininogen was isolated from pooled rat plasma by chromatography on DEAE-Sephadex A-50, CM-Sephadex C-50, Blue-Sepharose CL-6B, and Sephadex G-100. It was shown to be homogeneous by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and immunoelectrophoresis. The molecular weight of rat LMW kininogen was determined to be 72,000 by SDS-PAGE. The LMW kininogen contained 83.5% protein, 4.0% hexose, 5.5% hexosamine, and 2.7% sialic acid. Kinin liberated from LMW kininogen by trypsin treatment was identified as an Ile-Ser-bradykinin(T-kinin) by analysis involving ion exchange column chromatography on CM-Sephadex C-25 and high performance liquid chromatography on a reverse-phase column (ODS-120T). LMW kininogen formed kinin with rat submaxillary gland kallikrein, but the kinin liberated was only 14% of the total kinin content, that is, that released by trypsin. In order to determine the immunochemical properties of LMW kininogen, specific antiserum was prepared in rabbits. The antiserum cross-reacted with high molecular weight (HMW) kininogen, but spur formation was observed between the LMW and HMW kininogens. The kininogen level in rat plasma was estimated to be 433 microgram/ml by a quantitative single radial immunodiffusion test. PMID- 6238025 TI - Affinity chromatography of protein kinase C-phorbol ester receptor on polyacrylamide-immobilized phosphatidylserine. AB - An affinity column, prepared by immobilizing phosphatidylserine and cholesterol in polyacrylamide, was utilized in the purification of protein kinase C. Protein kinase activity and phorbol ester binding were monitored by assaying Ca2+ plus phosphatidylserine-dependent phosphorylation of histone H1 and [3H]phorbol dibutyrate binding, respectively. Both activities were present in a cytosolic extract of rabbit renal cortex, eluted together from a DEAE-cellulose column, bound to the affinity column in the presence of Ca2+, and eluted symmetrically upon application of EGTA. Recovery from the affinity column was high (30-50%) and resulted in as much as a 6000-7700-fold purification, depending on the region of the DEAE-cellulose peak that was applied. Following affinity column purification, protein kinase and phorbol ester binding activity eluted symmetrically upon gel filtration, with a molecular weight of approximately 80 kDa. A protein of the same size was present in silver-stained gels following sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of affinity column purified samples from the DEAE-cellulose peak. From 2-4 other, smaller proteins were also present, their number and relative amounts depending on the region of the DEAE-cellulose peak used. These data indicate that Ca2+-dependent/binding to a polyacrylamide immobilized phospholipid provides a useful technique for purification of protein kinase C as well as other, unidentified proteins exhibiting a Ca2+ plus phospholipid-dependent interaction. PMID- 6238026 TI - Biosynthesis in vitro of Ii core glycosphingolipids from neolactotetraosylceramide by beta 1-3- and beta 1-6-N acetylglucosaminyltransferases from mouse T-lymphoma. AB - The N-acetylglucosaminyltransferases probably involved in the biosynthesis in vitro of Ii core glycosphingolipids have been solubilized from a membrane preparation of mouse lymphoma P-1798 and partially characterized. The detergent extracted membrane supernatant contains both beta 1-3- and beta 1-6-N acetylglucosaminyltransferase activities that transfer [3H]GlcNAc from UDP [3H]GlcNAc to the terminal galactose of neolactotetraosylceramide (Gal beta 1 4GlcNAc beta 1-3Gal beta 1-4Glc-ceramide; nLcOse4ceramide), to form the Ii core structures. The linkage of [3H]N-acetylglucosamine incorporated into the terminal galactose of nLcOse4Cer was determined from identification of 2,4,6-tri-O methyl[3H]galactose and 2,3,4-tri-O-methyl[3H]galactose after hydrolysis of the permethylated enzymatic products, GlcNAc beta-[3H]Gal-GlcNAc-Gal-Glc-ceramide. In addition to the presence of beta-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferases, we have detected a galactosyltransferase activity in this soluble supernatant fraction that catalyzes the transfer of [14C]galactose from UDP-[14C]galactose to lactotriaosylceramide (GlcNAc beta 1-3Gal beta 1-4Glc-ceramide; LcOse3ceramide) to form nLcOse4ceramide, the acceptor in the N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase catalyzed reaction. PMID- 6238027 TI - Biosynthesis of membrane-derived oligosaccharides. Novel glucosyltransferase system from Escherichia coli for the elongation of beta 1----2-linked polyglucose chains. AB - Membrane-derived oligosaccharides (MDO) of Escherichia coli are a family of substituted branched oligomers containing 8-12 residues of glucose that are joined by beta 1----2 and beta 1----6 linkages. MDO are localized in the periplasmic space of the cell, and their biosynthesis is regulated by the osmolarity of the medium (Kennedy, E. P. (1982) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 79, 1092-1095). We report here the initial characterization of a novel glucosyltransferase system that catalyzes the elongation of beta 1----2-linked polyglucose chains. The system requires: 1) a beta-D-glucoside such as the disaccharide sophorose (2-O-beta-D-glucosyl-glucose) or octyl beta-D-glucoside; 2) a trypsin-sensitive membrane fraction; 3) a heat-stable protein from the soluble fraction; 4) UDP-glucose; and 5) Mg2+ ions. Oligomers containing 6-10 glucose units (about the same size as MDO) that are joined by beta 1----2 linkages are major products of the enzyme system. Mutants in the recently mapped mdoA locus (Bohin, J. -P., and Kennedy, E. P. (1984) J. Bacteriol. 157, 956-957) are blocked in vivo at an early stage of MDO synthesis. It has now been found that mdoA mutants are defective in the membrane component, but not in the heat stable protein that is required for the in vitro synthesis of beta 1----2-linked glucosyl oligomers. We conclude that the glucosyltransferase system described here has an essential function in the synthesis of MDO in vivo. PMID- 6238028 TI - Identification of the 29,000-dalton protein and its relevance to oligomycin sensitive 32Pi-ATP exchange in bovine heart electron transport particles. AB - There have been several reports on the involvement of a 29,000-dalton protein in the regulation of ATP synthesis and 32Pi-ATP exchange (Zimmer, G., Mainka, L., and Heil, B. M. (1982) FEBS Lett. 150, 207-210). The present communication demonstrates that incubation of electron transport particles with 50 microM copper-o-phenanthroline results in reversible loss of 32Pi-ATP exchange but not of oligomycin-sensitive ATPase. Dependence of the inhibition on oxygen, its prevention by EDTA, ATP, or 2-mercaptoethanol, and subsequent restoration of the activity by 2-mercaptoethanol point to a thiol-disulfide interchange as the cause of inhibition. Analysis of copper-o-phenanthroline-treated samples by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis conducted under nonreducing conditions shows four major changes. There is a decrease in the staining intensity of two bands with molecular weights of 34,000 and 29,000 with concomitant appearance of two new bands with molecular weights of 28,000 and 58,000-60,000. The 34,000-dalton band is tentatively identified as the phosphate transport protein. The 28,000 dalton component is formed by intramolecular and the 58,000-60,000-dalton component by intermolecular cross-linking of the 29,000-dalton protein. Pretreatment of electron transport particles with 2 mM N-ethylmaleimide does not affect 32Pi-ATP exchange or its inhibition by copper-o-phenanthroline but prevents cross-linking of the 34,000- and 29,000-dalton proteins. Evidence is presented to demonstrate that the purified H+-ATPase preparation has a single 29,000-dalton protein, identical to the adenine nucleotide translocase, and that it is not essential for 32Pi-ATP exchange or oligomycin-sensitive ATPase. PMID- 6238029 TI - Isolation and characterization of the heparan sulfate proteoglycan of the bovine glomerular basement membrane. AB - A proteoglycan, accounting for about 75% of the total hexuronic acid of the bovine glomerular basement membrane, was solubilized by 4 M guanidine HCl extraction and purified by filtration on Sepharose CL-6B. This glycoconjugate was found to have an apparent molecular weight of 200,000 and to consist of peptide and carbohydrate in a ratio of 70 to 30. The amino acid composition of the proteoglycan was notable for its high content of half-cystine (61/1000 total amino acid residues). Alkaline NaB3H4 treatment of the proteoglycan released heparan sulfate chains terminating in [3H]xylitol with an Mr approximately 14,000 (hexuronic acid/xylitol = 30:1). Four such glycosaminoglycan units were calculated to be present in each proteoglycan molecule, and on the basis of previous studies (Parthasarathy, N., and Spiro, R. G. (1981) J. Biol. Chem. 256, 507-513), these appear to be clustered in a very limited segment of the polypeptide. Nitrous acid degradation of the NaB3H4-reduced chains yielded radiolabeled oligosaccharides derived from the xylitol end; the relatively large size of these fragments (average Mr approximately 6,000) indicated an uneven distribution of N-sulfate with a preferential location of these groups in the peripheral regions of the glycosaminoglycans. The occurrence in the proteoglycan of sugars such as galactosamine, sialic acid, and mannose, which are not constituents of heparan sulfate, suggested that other O-linked as well as N linked carbohydrates occurred in the molecule. Evidence for small serine (threonine)-bound units was provided by alkaline NaB3H4 treatment of the proteoglycan which converted 85% of the galactosamine to 3H-labeled galactosaminitol present in Bio-Gel P-2 included oligosaccharides (14 mol/mol proteoglycan). PMID- 6238030 TI - Photochemical probes of the active site of myosin. Irradiation of trapped 3'-O-(4 benzoyl)benzoyladenosine 5'-triphosphate labels the 50-kilodalton heavy chain tryptic peptide. AB - 3'-O-(4-Benzoyl)benzoyl-ATP (Bz2ATP), an analog of ATP containing a photoreactive benzophenone moiety, was used as a probe of the ATP binding site of myosin subfragment 1 (SF1). The inactivation of SF1 NH+4-EDTA ATPase by the bifunctional thiol crosslinking system cobalt(II)/cobalt(III) phenanthroline complexes was enhanced by Bz2ATP to the same degree as by ATP. This treatment resulted in the stable trapping of Bz2ATP at the active site in nearly stoichiometric amounts in a manner exactly analogous to ATP (Wells, J.A., and Yount, R.G. (1979) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 76, 4966-4970). Irradiation of SF1 containing trapped [3H]Bz2ATP gave approximately 50% covalent incorporation of the trapped nucleotide into the enzyme. Analysis of photolabeled SF1 by gel electrophoresis showed that all of the [3H]Bz2ATP was attached to the 95-kDa heavy chain fragment. No label was found in the light chains. Similar analysis of the same protein after limited trypsin treatment demonstrated that approximately 75% of the [3H]Bz2ATP was bound to the central 50-kDa peptide and its 75-kDa precursor from the heavy chain. The N-terminal 25-kDa tryptic peptide, shown to be photolabeled by other ATP analogs (Szilagyi, L., Balint, M., Sreter, F.A., and Gergely, J. (1979) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 87, 936-945; Okamoto, Y., and Yount, R.G. (1983) Biophys. J. 41, 298a), was not labeled (less than 1%) by Bz2ATP. These results demonstrate that portions of the 50 kDa-peptide of the heavy chain are within 6-7 A of the ATP binding site on SF1 and possibly contribute to nucleotide binding. PMID- 6238031 TI - Spermine. A regulator of mitochondrial calcium cycling. AB - Steady-state free Ca2+ concentrations have been measured with a Ca2+ electrode using suspensions of isolated rat liver mitochondria or saponin-treated hepatocytes. Mitochondria, when incubated in the presence of Mg2+ and MgATP2-, maintain a steady-state pCa2+ (-log [Ca2+]) of approximately 6.1 (0.8 microM). Addition of spermine lowered this value to a pCa2+ of 6.6 (0.25 microM). Spermine was the most effective polyamine, giving half-maximal effects at 170 microM and maximal effects at 400 microM. With saponin-permeabilized hepatocytes, spermine addition similarly showed that the mitochondria buffered the steady-state medium free Ca2+ at a level approximating the cytosolic free Ca2+ concentration of intact hepatocytes. The initial rate of Ca2+ uptake by the mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter was investigated using Ca2+-depleted mitochondria incubated in the presence of succinate and 0.3 mM free Mg2+. Under control conditions, Ca2+ uptake was not observed at free Ca2+ concentrations below 0.5 microM. Spermine (350 microM) increased the rate of Ca2+ uptake at all Ca2+ concentrations below 4.5 microM, but at higher Ca2+ concentrations, it was inhibitory. Spermine also affected mitochondrial Ca2+ efflux by decreasing the apparent Km from 16 to 3.8 nmol of Ca2+/mg of mitochondrial protein with no change of Vmax. Experiments with 45Ca2+ confirmed that spermine increased mitochondrial Ca2+ cycling at 0.2 microM free Ca2+. Hepatic spermine contents are reported to be about 1 mumol/g, wet weight, suggesting that this polyamine may have an important physiological role in intracellular calcium homeostasis. PMID- 6238032 TI - Kinetics of proteoheparan sulfate synthesis, secretion, endocytosis, and catabolism by a hepatocyte cell line. AB - The metabolism of heparan sulfate proteoglycan was studied in monolayer cultures of a rat hepatocyte cell line. Late log cells were labeled with 35SO4(2-) or [3H] glucosamine, and labeled heparan sulfate, measured as nitrous acid-susceptible product, was assayed in the culture medium, the pericellular matrix, and the intracellular pools. Heparan sulfate in the culture medium and the intracellular pools increased linearly with time, while that in the matrix reached a steady state level after a 10-h labeling period. When pulse-labeled cells were incubated in unlabeled medium, a small fraction of the intracellular pool was released rapidly into the culture medium while the matrix heparan sulfate was taken up by the cells, and the resulting intracellular pool was rapidly catabolized. The structures of the heparan sulfate chains in the three pools were very similar. Both the culture medium pool and the cell-associated fraction of heparan sulfate contained proteoheparan sulfate plus a polydisperse mixture of heparan chains which were attached to little, if any, protein. Pulse-chase data suggested that the free heparan sulfate chains were formed as a result of catabolism of the proteoglycan. When NH4Cl, added to inhibit lysosomal function, was present during either a labeling period or a chase period, the total catabolism of the heparan sulfate chains to monosaccharides plus free SO2-4 was blocked, but the conversion of the proteoglycan to free heparan sulfate chains continued at a reduced rate. PMID- 6238034 TI - The interaction of glucagon treatment and uncoupler concentration on ATPase activity of rat liver mitochondria. AB - Mitochondria isolated from livers of rats treated briefly with glucagon show an increased ATPase activity in the presence of appropriate concentrations of protonophoric uncouplers (Yamazaki, R. K., Sax, R.D., and Hauser, M.A. (1977) FEBS Lett. 75, 295-299). With the uncoupler carbonyl cyanide p trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone (FCCP) the effect of glucagon treatment was most evident at concentrations of uncoupler higher than required for maximal stimulation of ATPase in control mitochondria. In this range of FCCP concentrations that produced the greatest contrast in ATPase activity of control and hormone-stimulated mitochondria, there were no significant differences in delta pH, delta psi, or delta p between the two groups. The presence of added succinate in the ATPase assay system mimicked the effect of glucagon treatment, permitting greater activity at high concentrations of uncoupler without significantly affecting delta p. No significant effect of glucagon treatment or uncoupler concentrations on mitochondrial volumes was observed. Following treatment with glucagon, the mitochondria retained a greater content of Mg+ and K+ throughout the range of FCCP concentrations tested. In the upper range of FCCP concentrations there was appreciable loss of K+ from the mitochondria which was greater in control mitochondria than in mitochondria from glucagon-treated rats or in mitochondria assayed in the presence of succinate. The activity of the uncoupler-dependent ATPase was greatly stimulated by increased concentrations of potassium chloride in the assay medium without significantly diminishing the hormone effect. It is proposed that the intrinsic peptide inhibitor of ATPase is dissociated from the enzyme to an increased degree following glucagon treatment and that high levels of uncoupler inhibit by causing an increased association of the enzyme and its inhibitor. PMID- 6238033 TI - Phytanic acid alpha-oxidation in rat liver. Requirement of cytosolic factor. AB - The alpha-oxidation of [1-14C]phytanic acid of high specific activity was studied in postnuclear and various subcellular fractions from rat liver. alpha-Oxidation in the postnuclear fraction required ATP, Mg2+, nicotinamide, and molecular oxygen for activity. alpha-Oxidation was inhibited by iron-specific chelating agents and respiratory chain inhibitors. Partial inhibition by carbon monoxide indicated a possible involvement of cytochrome P-450. However, phenobarbital treated rat liver postnuclear fraction did not stimulate phytanic acid alpha oxidation above that of control. Subcellular fractionation indicated that in addition to the mitochondrial fraction, cytosol was required for activity. The cytosolic factor appeared to be dialyzable; it was inactivated by heat treatment, but not affected by trypsin digestion. NAD, CoA, ascorbic acid, and catalase did not replace cytosolic activity nor did the recently characterized heat-stable factors in brain hydroxylation, namely, adenosine nucleotides and glutamate. PMID- 6238035 TI - A dominant mutation to ricin resistance in Chinese hamster ovary cells induces UDP-GlcNAc:glycopeptide beta-4-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase III activity. AB - A biochemical basis for the LEC10 mutant phenotype of Chinese hamster ovary cells has been identified. Independent LEC10 mutants, originally selected for resistance to the toxicity of ricin, have been shown to exhibit reduced binding of 125I-ricin at the cell surface. Although this is indicative of structural changes in cell-surface carbohydrates, labeling of plasma membranes with galactose oxidase/[3H]borohydride revealed no significant differences between mutant and parental cells. Alterations in the carbohydrates synthesized by LEC10 cells were, however, resolved by lectin-affinity chromatography of glycopeptides from the G glycoprotein of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) grown in LEC10. LEC10/VSV glycopeptides contain a fraction which is not bound to concanavalin A Sepharose but is strongly retarded on E-PHA (erythroagglutinin from Proteus vulgaris)-agarose. In contrast, CHO/VSV glycopeptides or those from a LEC 10 revertant (R.LEC 10/VSV) do not contain carbohydrates with these properties. High field 1H NMR spectroscopy of the novel LEC10/VSV carbohydrates showed that they are complex, biantennary structures containing N-acetylglucosamine in beta(1,4) linkage to the beta-linked core mannose residue. The presence of these structures correlates with the expression of the enzyme responsible for the addition of this "bisecting" GlcNAc residue, UDP-GlcNAc:glycopeptide beta-4-N acetylglucosaminyltransferase III (GlcNAc-TIII). Parental Chinese hamster ovary cells and the LEC10 revertant possess no detectable GlcNAc-TIII activity. The combined evidence suggests that the LEC10 mutation induces the expression of the GlcNAc-TIII enzyme in Chinese hamster ovary cells. PMID- 6238036 TI - Phosphorylation of high-mobility-group proteins by the calcium-phospholipid dependent protein kinase and the cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase. AB - Purified lamb thymus high-mobility-group (HMG) proteins 1, 2, and 17 have been investigated as potential substrates for the Ca2+-phospholipid-dependent protein kinase and the cAMP-dependent protein kinase. HMG proteins 1, 2, and 17 are phosphorylated by the Ca2+-phospholipid-dependent protein kinase; the reactions are totally Ca2+ and lipid dependent and are not inhibited by the inhibitor protein of the cAMP-dependent protein kinase. HMG 17 is phosphorylated predominantly in a single seryl residue, Ser 24 in the sequence Gln-Arg-Arg-Ser 24-Ala-Arg-Leu-Ser 28-Ala-Lys, with the second seryl moiety, Ser 28, modified to a markedly lesser degree. HMGs 1 and 2 are also phosphorylated in only seryl residues but with each there are multiple phosphorylation sites. HMG 17, but not HMG 1 or 2, is also phosphorylated by the cAMP-dependent protein kinase with the site phosphorylated being the minor of the two phosphorylated by the Ca2+ phospholipid-dependent protein kinase; the Km for phosphorylation by the cAMP dependent enzyme is 50-fold higher than that by the Ca2+-phospholipid-dependent enzyme. HMG 17 is an equally effective substrate for the Ca2+-phospholipid dependent protein kinase either as the pure protein or bound to nucleosomes. Preliminary evidence has indicated that lamb thymus HMG 14 is also a substrate for the Ca2+-phospholipid-dependent enzyme. It is phosphorylated with a Km similar to that of HMG 17 (4-6 microM), and a comparison of tryptic peptides suggests that it is phosphorylated in a site that is homologous with Ser 24 of HMG 17 and distinct from the sites phosphorylated by the cAMP-dependent protein kinase. PMID- 6238037 TI - Relationship of heparan sulfate proteoglycans to the cytoskeleton and extracellular matrix of cultured fibroblasts. AB - The distribution of heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPG) on cultured fibroblasts was monitored using an antiserum raised against cell surface HSPG from rat liver. After seeding, HSPG was detected by immunofluorescence first on cell surfaces and later in fibrillar deposits of an extracellular matrix. Cell surface HSPG aligned with microfilament bundles of rat embryo fibroblasts seen by phase-contrast microscopy but was diffuse on transformed rat dermal fibroblasts (16C cells) which lack obvious stress fibers. Focal adhesions isolated from either cell type and monitored by interference reflection microscopy showed a concentration of HSPG labeling with respect to the rest of the membrane. Increased labeling in these areas was also seen for fibronectin (FN) by using an antiserum that detects both plasma and cell-derived FN. Double immunofluorescent staining of fully adherent rat embryo fibroblast cells showed some co-distribution of HSPG and FN, and this was confirmed by immunoelectron microscopy, which detected HSPG at localized areas of dorsal and ventral cell membranes, overlapping cell margins, and in the extracellular matrix. During cell shape changes on rounding and spreading, HSPG and FN may not co-distribute. Double labeling for actin and either HSPG or FN showed a closer correlation of actin with HSPG than with FN. The studies are consistent with HSPG being closely involved in a transmembrane cytoskeletal-matrix interaction; the possibility that HSPG coordinates the deposition of FN and other matrix components with cytoskeletal organization is discussed. PMID- 6238039 TI - Endoscopy in cancer diagnosis and management. PMID- 6238038 TI - Addition of a mannose-6-phosphate-containing oligosaccharide alters cellular processing of low density lipoprotein by parental and LDL-receptor-defective Chinese hamster ovary cells. AB - Low density lipoprotein (LDL) was chemically modified by the addition of omega-(6 phospho)-tetra(alpha 1-3)mannosyl-(alpha 1-2)mannose (M56P), a phosphorylated oligosaccharide containing a terminal mannose 6-phosphate residue. Uptake and degradation of this modified LDL (M56P-LDL) by Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells occurred via the lysosomal enzyme (mannose 6-phosphate) receptor pathway. Cellular processing of M56P-LDL was saturable, specific for the mannose 6 phosphate marker, and occurred with approximately threefold higher affinity than that of native LDL by the LDL receptor pathway. Mannose 6-phosphate receptor activity, as measured by degradation of M56P-LDL, was ninefold lower than the LDL receptor activity. Degradation of M56P-LDL was more sensitive to inhibition by the lysosomotropic agent chloroquine than was degradation of LDL, suggesting differences in the intracellular processing of mannose 6-phosphate-bearing ligands and LDL. Previously isolated CHO cell lines defective in LDL receptor activity resembled parental CHO cells in their ability to process M56P-LDL. The potential use of M56P-LDL in the isolation of cells with pleiotropic mutations affecting receptor-mediated endocytosis is discussed. PMID- 6238040 TI - State of aggregation of detergent-solubilized sarcoplasmic reticulum adenosine triphosphatase investigated by high-performance liquid chromatography. AB - The state of aggregation of purified sarcoplasmic reticulum adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) was investigated by high-performance liquid chromatography (LKB TSK-G 4000 SW column) in the presence of various detergents: sodium dodecylsulphate, dodecyl octaethylene glycol monoether (C12E8), sodium deoxycholate, Triton X-100 and myristoylglycerophosphocholine. When the protein (5 mg ml-1) was solubilized with detergent (2 mg per mg protein) and the column was equilibrated with 1 mg ml-1 of the respective detergent, a molecular weight for the monomeric ATPase protein ranging from 100,000 to 200,000 was obtained. In addition to the monomeric form, significant amounts (more than 20%) of aggregated ATPase protein were observed when C12E8 or deoxycholate was used. These results are in agreement with the observation of a great tendency for self-aggregation of the ATPase protein in conventional gel filtration chromatography and ultracentrifugation experiments. The dimeric form of the ATPase protein was detected only when deoxycholate and, probably, when C12E8 was used. PMID- 6238041 TI - Serum dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate in Cushing's syndrome. AB - Serum concentrations of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S) were measured in patients with hyperadrenocorticism. When compared to normal subjects of corresponding age, serum DHEA-S levels were normal or elevated in 37 patients with Cushing's disease. In contrast, DHEA-S levels were significantly lower than those of normal subjects in all 28 patients with hyperadrenocorticism due to benign adrenocortical adenoma, suggesting that ACTH is the major determinant of DHEA-S secretion and that determination of serum DHEA-S concentrations is useful in the biochemical differential diagnosis of the etiology of Cushing's syndrome. In six patients with adrenocortical adenoma, the recovery of suppressed DHEA-S secretion after removal of the adrenal gland affected by a tumor was studied. Serum cortisol levels normalized by the end of the second year after unilateral adrenalectomy, while DHEA-S levels remained low for at least 2 succeeding yr. The results suggest that deficient ACTH secretion may result in a greater and longer lasting loss in the ability of the adrenal cortex to secrete androgens than in the ability to secrete cortisol. PMID- 6238042 TI - Immunological monitoring in patients with end-stage renal disease. AB - Parameters of cell-mediated immune function were determined in 76 patients with end-stage renal disease. Lymphocyte subpopulations (OKT3, OKT4, OKT8, OKIa1, OKM1, OKT9, OKT10), natural killer (NK)-cell activity (percentage 51Cr release from K562 targets), and delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity were measured and correlated with other variables. The results indicate that (1) uremic patients have a significant diminution in the OKT4-lymphocyte subpopulation and OKT4/OKT8 (helper/suppressor) ratio compared to normal controls; (2 blood transfusions do not induce significant alterations in the helper/suppressor-cell ratio; (3) uremic patients have a significant increase in OKM1 cells compared to normal controls; (4) the majority of uremic patients in this series developed delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity responses to recall antigens and could be de novo sensitized to 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB); (5) skin-test reactivity could not be correlated with total circulating T cells or levels of any lymphocyte subpopulations; and (6) NK-cell activity in uremic patients is not significantly different from that in normal controls. These results highlight the varying levels and function of different lymphocyte subsets in patients with end-stage renal disease when they are treated with chronic maintenance hemodialysis. PMID- 6238043 TI - Characterization of human lymphocyte subpopulations: alloreactive cytotoxic T lymphocyte precursor and effector cells are phenotypically distinct from Leu 2+ suppressor cells. AB - The OKT8/Leu 2+ human T-cell subset contains cells which perform suppressor and cytotoxic functions. We have recently produced two monoclonal antibodies (termed 2D2 and D12) which define four subpopulations of human E+ cells. Previous studies have shown that the Leu 2+ cells that suppress T-cell proliferative responses have the 2D2+D12+ phenotype. In the present studies, we have used these antibodies and fluorescence-activated cell sorter techniques to characterize the phenotype of cytotoxic T lymphocytes generated in allogeneic mixed lymphocyte cultures. These studies indicate that the cytolytic effector cells which recognize class I major histocompatibility antigens express the 2D2+D12- phenotype. The phenotype of the precursor cells for these cytotoxic T cells was similarly demonstrated to be 2D2+D12-. The subset of E+ cells with NK cytolytic activity expressed the 2D2-D12+ phenotype. These data demonstrate that the Leu 2+ precursor and effector cytotoxic T cells reactive against class I alloantigens are phenotypically distinct from the Leu 2+ cells previously shown to suppress T cell proliferative responses. PMID- 6238044 TI - [Morphological studies on the ramus spinalis of Japanese cadavers by the corrosion-casting method]. PMID- 6238045 TI - Biotyping and exoenzyme profiling as an aid in the differentiation of human from bovine group G streptococci. AB - Group G streptococci were isolated from throat and extrapharyngeal cultures from 75 patients during an 18-month period. Of 29 throat isolates, 18 were recovered from patients with pharyngitis, 8 were of unknown significance, and 3 were of questionable etiology. Clinical significance could be ascribed to 13 of 46 extrapharyngeal isolates recovered from wound, urinary tract, blood, and conjunctival cultures. Extrapharyngeal isolates recovered from stool, sputum, and vaginal cultures were considered nonsignificant. A total of 96 group G streptococcal strains (including 21 human and 14 bovine strains from outside sources) were tested for exoenzyme production and subjected to a large battery of biochemical tests. Bovine and human isolates could be distinguished on the basis of trehalose fermentation, litmus milk reduction, and production of beta-D glucuronidase, hyaluronidase, and fibrinolysin. Eight distinct biotypes could be discerned on the basis of fermentation of trehalose, raffinose, and lactose and esculin hydrolysis. All isolates that fermented raffinose were associated with infection. These results support the concept of two distinctly different epidemiological reservoirs of group G streptococci in humans and bovines. PMID- 6238046 TI - The relationship between strategies of coping and perception of pain in three chronic pain groups. AB - Examined the relationship between perception of pain, personality, coping and the reactions of family members in three chronic pain groups (sickle cell anemia, arthritis, and low back pain). Sixty black Ss equally distributed in the three medically diagnosed pain groups completed the McGill Pain Questionnaire, Maudsley Personality Inventory, a self-control measure, and the modified spouse response questionnaire. Nonsignificant association was detected between measures of pain and neuroticism; a significant inverse relationship was found between self controlling behaviors and the affective dimension of pain; the relationship between perceived solicitous behavior and intensity and quality of pain differentiated the sickle cell and arthritic groups from the low back pain group; for the low back pain group, intensity of pain was related significantly to solicitous behaviors of family members, but the reverse was true for the arthritic and sickle cell groups. PMID- 6238047 TI - Oral cholecystographic contrast media--a comparative study. AB - Three oral cholecystographic contrast media have been compared, mainly with regard to their ability to outline the gall bladder and also the frequency of undesirable side-effects that they produce. No significant differences were found between the media, and the final choice of a suitable medium for use in X-ray departments may depend on their relative cost. In times of financial restraint, such a decision might increasingly involve hospital pharmacists. PMID- 6238048 TI - Optic neuropathy from the use of intracranial muslin. AB - Following repair of an anterior communicating artery aneurysm with McFadden clips and muslin, a 32-year-old woman developed a steroid-responsive optic neuropathy. When she was explored, a sterile abscess with surrounding fibrotic tissue involving the muslin was found adjacent to the right optic nerve. The patient's vision improved following removal of the abscess. PMID- 6238050 TI - Occipital cortical infarction complicating respiratory failure. AB - We describe the occurrence of bilateral occipital cortical infarction following respiratory failure in two patients of differing ages. The precipitating factors, clinical manifestations, and ophthalmologic findings also differed, but the hypoxic effects on the cortex were the same as evidenced by the CT scanning studies. PMID- 6238049 TI - Acquired esotropia. A manifestation of Chiari I malformation. AB - A patient with acquired esotropia underwent apparently successful strabismus surgery. Subsequent recurrence of esotropia, associated with square-wave jerks and downbeat nystagmus led to further investigation. Although standard CT scan was normal, rescanning after instillation of metrizamide demonstrated a Chiari I malformation. Posterior fossa decompression alleviated the esotropia. Acquired esotropia has not been recognized as a manifestation of Chiari I malformation. Our case illustrates that a high degree of suspicion is required to make the diagnosis of Chiari I malformation. Specialized techniques, such as metrizamide cisternography, or magnetic resonance imaging may be necessary if routine diagnostic measures are unrevealing. PMID- 6238051 TI - Capillary hemangioma of the optic disc. AB - Two cases of capillary hemangioma of the optic disc (one endophytic and the other exophytic) unassociated with central nervous system involvement are reported. Ophthalmoscopic and fluorescein angiographic findings of capillary hemangiomas of the optic disc are summarized to aid in differentiating them from cavernous and racemose hemangiomas. Therapeutic problems are also discussed. PMID- 6238052 TI - Unilateral eyelid retraction secondary to contralateral ptosis in dysthyroid ophthalmopathy. AB - A patient with dysthyroid eye disease presented with unilateral lid retraction secondary to a contralateral ptosis. While others have reported similar findings in various underlying disease processes, to the best of our knowledge this is the first case in the literature with dysthyroid ophthalmopathy, and the first where the results of surgical management are presented. The importance of testing for secondary lid retraction by manual elevation of the ptotic partner is stressed. PMID- 6238053 TI - Enophthalmos and orbital expansion from chronic sinusitis. CT evaluation with reformatted images. AB - Five patients were found to have an unusual variety of enophthalmos that results from chronic constricting sinusitis with expansion of the orbit. We illustrate the usefulness of computed tomography in the diagnosis of this process, emphasizing the role of oblique sagittal reformatted images. PMID- 6238055 TI - Idiopathic unilateral disc edema. The big blind spot syndrome. AB - Unilateral edema of the optic disc without any evidence of increased intracranial pressure or optic nerve dysfunction is an uncommon problem. We describe two patients with "the big blind spot syndrome" who presented with unilateral disc edema and normal optic nerve function except for an enlarged blind spot. The course was self-limited in both patients. The presenting neuro-ophthalmologic signs and symptoms were similar to those of intracranial hypertension. It can be distinguished from other causes of a unilateral swollen disc by the lack of intracranial hypertension, normal optic nerve function, and the absence of marked venous engorgement or peripapillary hemorhages. Its early recognition may spare the patient unnecessary diagnostic procedures. PMID- 6238054 TI - Orbitocalvarial swelling and proptosis as an early manifestation of systemic lymphoma. AB - A 67-year-old woman had acutely diminished vision and painful proptosis of the left eye amidst a background of chronic headache, scalp tenderness, proximal myalgias, intermittent fever, anemia, and elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rates. All symptoms and signs were exquisitely corticosteroid-responsive. She underwent two negative temporal artery biopsies and several extensive negative evaluations for systemic disease. Ultimately deep scalp biopsy, bone biopsy, and bone marrow aspiration were performed, and all revealed a histologically well differentiated lymphoma. PMID- 6238056 TI - Rhabdomyosarcoma causing rapid bilateral visual loss in children. AB - Rhabdomyosarcoma commonly involves the orbit resulting in unilateral proptosis, swelling, and restricted ocular motility. We saw two unusual cases of children with nasopharyngeal rhabdomyosarcoma which caused rapid bilateral visual loss due to simultaneous spread of the tumor to the orbital apices. Initial CT scans revealed the tumor, but were misinterpreted as "normal," causing a significant delay in diagnosis. We recommend high resolution CT scans of the nasopharynx, orbits, and suprasellar region in any child with rapid bilateral visual loss to rule out this common childhood tumor. PMID- 6238057 TI - Visual recovery following prolonged amaurosis due to compressive optic neuropathy. AB - A 25-year-old white man presented with gradual right-sided visual loss over a 3 week period resulting in a visual acuity of "no light perception" in the affected eye for 5 days prior to presentation. Visual-evoked potential testing showed no response to light with the right eye and normal response with the left eye. Evaluation revealed an anterior communicating artery aneurysm compressing the right optic nerve. Eleven days following surgical decompression, 20/200 vision was noted in the right eye; 2 months later, vision had improved to 20/30. Visual evoked response testing postoperatively showed nearly complete return of function in comparison with the normal left eye. We believe this to be the first report of visual recovery following a prolonged absence of any "light perception" in a patient with compressive optic neuropathy. PMID- 6238058 TI - Neuro-ophthalmology in the recent European literature. Part II. The motor system. PMID- 6238059 TI - Bitemporal hemianopsia. PMID- 6238060 TI - Optic nerve meningioma with enophthalmos. PMID- 6238061 TI - Neutrophilic eccrine hidradenitis: a distinctive rash associated with cytarabine therapy and acute leukemia. AB - Neutrophilic eccrine hidradenitis (NEH) is a recently described neutrophilic dermatosis associated with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) and chemotherapy. This disorder is a distinct clinicopathologic entity separate from leukemid reactions and other neutrophilic dermatoses. We describe two cases in which plaques or nodules developed in the second week after initiation of induction chemotherapy for AML. The lesions regressed in 1 week and recurred in one case when induction chemotherapy was given a second time. Histologically, the findings were similar in each case. Neutrophils palisaded about and infiltrated the eccrine coil in which necrosis of secretory epithelium was present. Focal mucinous degeneration of the eccrine adipose tissue cuff was the only other significant alteration. No vasculitis was observed. Cultures and histologic preparations for pathogenic organisms were negative. Cytarabine was the chemotherapeutic agent used in all three cases. NEH most likely represents either an unusual response caused by cytarabine or a manifestation of AML. Recognition of NEH is important in order to exclude other neutrophilic dermatoses associated with AML, such as sepsis and leukemia cutis, which may appear clinically similar. PMID- 6238062 TI - Measurement of cure rate in onychomycosis. PMID- 6238063 TI - Onychomycosis caused by Trichosporon beigelii in the United States. AB - We present the first case report of onychomycosis in the United States caused by Trichosporon beigelii in a normal, healthy man. The fungus, which was demonstrated histologically in the nails, was isolated on three different occasions with multiple cultures obtained each time. PMID- 6238064 TI - Compliance with a hepatitis B vaccination program. PMID- 6238065 TI - The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Programs in Dental Health Philanthropy. PMID- 6238066 TI - How depressing life is--life-long morbidity risk for depressive disorder in the general population. AB - We present estimates of lifetime risk and of cumulative risk up to each age for depressive disorder for the population of an inner city area (Camberwell, SE London). Estimates are based on an incidence study for the year 1976 which drew from the records of a case register. The estimates of lifetime risk obtained, 12% for men and 20% for women, are similar to those previously published in the literature. Inception risk by age and risks for in-patient treatment are also presented for men and women. The method of calculation is discussed and we show how to obtain an upper limit for the effect of the increased mortality associated with the disorder. We noted an apparent decline over the 'seventies' in inception rates for depression, and we consider the comparability of our statistics with risks calculated using complete psychiatric history data. PMID- 6238067 TI - Chronicity in major depression. A naturalistic prospective study. AB - In a prospective naturalistic study many of the 120 patients treated for a current major depressive episode continued to meet the criteria for a major depressive episode as defined by DSM-III during the whole follow-up period (from 1 to 4 years). The problem of compatibility between the chronicity of a full depressive syndrome and the definition of the major depression as episodic with possible relapses or recurrences is discussed. A relationship between chronicity and lack of adequate treatment at onset was found. PMID- 6238068 TI - Weight gain. A side-effect of tricyclic antidepressants. AB - Body weight and appetite were evaluated in 40 depressed outpatients from a private psychiatric practice who were receiving low-modest doses of tricyclic antidepressants. Amitriptyline (maximum of 150 mg/day), nortriptyline (maximum of 50 mg/day), and imipramine (maximum of 80 mg/day) were given for an average of 6 months of treatment. There was a mean weight increase of 1.3-2.9 lbs/month, which led to an average total weight gain of 3-16 lbs, depending on drug, dose and duration. These weight increases were linear over time and were accompanied by marked increases in the preference for sweets. Ultimately, excessive weight gain was the most common cause of discontinuation of treatment, occurring in one-half of the patients. Significant weight loss occurred upon discontinuation of drug. These findings show that chronic administration of low-modest doses of tricyclic antidepressants frequently cause considerable weight gain and can significantly interfere with the ability to provide long-term maintenance therapy. PMID- 6238069 TI - The relationship between anxiety and depression. A review of some principal component analytic studies. AB - Forty studies published between 1934 and 1977 which used principal component analysis of symptoms, personality or illness features in patients with affective disorders were examined. Factor clusters or dimensions indicative of anxiety and depression were evident in each study. Visual plots on the first 2 components in each of 6 studies selected as being representative of the 40 are included in this paper. The implications arising from semantic confusion are discussed. PMID- 6238070 TI - Platelet accumulation of histamine in controls, depressed and lithium-treated patients. AB - The accumulation of histamine into blood platelets of depressed patients, lithium treated patients and controls was determined using radio-labelled histamine. All groups had significantly different mean accumulation rates: the depressives had the lowest, the controls had the highest while the lithium-treated patients had intermediate rates. No significant difference in histamine accumulation rates was detected between drug-free depressed patients or depressed patients receiving psychotropic medication apart from lithium. Histamine accumulation rates of depressed patients did not appear to have been influenced by their age or severity or endogenicity of their illness; no difference in histamine accumulation was detected between those patients who had an abnormal or normal dexamethasone suppression test response. We have concluded that while the biological significance of these results is unclear it would appear to be a very sensitive test for depression, especially in women. It would appear that prophylactic lithium treatment increased the rate of histamine accumulation: this result is discussed with reference to histamine's association with allergic disorders. PMID- 6238071 TI - A computerized diagnostic system for comparing alternative classification schemes of depression. AB - The present report presents a computerized system, permitting recording of diagnostic criteria and assignment by diagnostic algorithms as proposed and intended in 7 different classification systems of depression. The potential of the procedure for comparing alternative classifications of depression is presented and discussed. PMID- 6238073 TI - The search for genetic homogeneity in affective disorders. AB - In the present study we tested the fit of the Single Major Locus (SML) hypothesis, using segregation analysis for single families of affective probands treated with lithium salts, with second degree relatives included. We tested the segregation pattern for every family with two different sets of parameters: one dominant for a group that did not relapse on lithium treatment and one recessive for a group that did. We calculated the likelihood ratios for each family. The results of this study partially confirm the importance of outcome on lithium treatment in susceptibility to affective disorders. However, application of segregation analysis suggested that there is genetic heterogeneity that cannot be completely detected when using only the simple pharmacological criterion of outcome on lithium. PMID- 6238072 TI - The effects of dexamethasone administration on EEG sleep in depressed patients. AB - Since DST non-suppression and sleep abnormalities have been shown to co-exist in depressive states, it seems important to examine what effects dexamethasone administration might have on the sleep of depressed patients. Therefore, the effects of 1 mg dexamethasone p.o. administered at 11 p.m. to a group of 12 depressed outpatients was examined. In this series of patients, the hypothesis of no significant changes in sleep continuity, sleep architecture or REM sleep features was confirmed aside from an increase in Stage 2 sleep percent and decrease in Stage 1 REM percent in these patients (both variables stayed in the normal range). It can be concluded that acute administration of dexamethasone does not influence the sleep of depressed patients in a major way. PMID- 6238074 TI - Dental sequelae to the binge-purge syndrome (bulimia): report of cases. AB - The "thin-is-in" syndrome that obsesses many young people today leads to many severe medical and dental complications. Dental damage that follows the binge purge episodes is reduced by strict management of oral hygiene; the damage is not totally correctable until the habit is well controlled through proper psychotherapy. PMID- 6238075 TI - Myocardial energetics and clinical response to the cardiotonic agent MDL 17043 in advanced heart failure. AB - Cardiotonic agents may prove useful in the long-term treatment of chronic heart failure provided myocardial efficiency is enhanced and clinical status is improved. Accordingly, the short-term hemodynamic and clinical response to the phosphodiesterase inhibitor, MDL 17043, was evaluated. Intravenous increments of 0.05 mg/kg (maximal total 3 mg/kg) were given to a peak cardiac output response in 13 patients with New York Heart Association functional class IV heart failure secondary to ischemic or myopathic disease. Significant (p less than 0.05) responses at peak effect (1.7 mg/kg) included an increase in cardiac output (3.5 to 4.6 liters/min) and heart rate (86 to 90 beats/min) and a decrease in pulmonary capillary wedge (25 to 17 mm Hg), mean arterial (85 to 78 mm Hg) and right atrial (10 to 7 mm Hg) pressures. Coronary sinus flow (measured in nine patients) increased (122 to 144 ml/min, p less than 0.01) as did myocardial oxygen uptake (14.1 to 15.1 ml/min, p less than 0.01), whereas myocardial extraction of oxygen (78 to 72%, p less than 0.01) and lactate (24 to 9%, p less than 0.01) decreased with three patients producing lactate at the time of their peak cardiac output response. Nine of the 12 patients given long-term oral therapy improved at least one functional class at 2 weeks. This improvement was sustained at 20 weeks in five patients. Thus, MDL 17043 acutely improves the function of the failing heart. However, the decrease in oxygen extraction occurring with increased myocardial oxygen uptake suggests that intracoronary shunting may occur along with an increase in oxygen demand and contribute to myocardial anaerobiosis in some patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6238076 TI - Intravenous and oral MDL 17043 (a new inotrope-vasodilator agent) in congestive heart failure: hemodynamic and clinical evaluation in 38 patients. AB - To evaluate the potential benefit of MDL 17043, a new inotrope-vasodilator agent, in the short- and long-term management of severe heart failure, its hemodynamic effects were determined after both intravenous (cumulative average dose 3.7 mg/kg) and oral (average 18.4 mg/kg) administration in 38 patients with severe intractable heart failure. After both intravenous and oral therapy, cardiac index increased from a control value of 2.1 +/- 0.4 to 3.6 +/- 0.9 liters/min per m2, p less than 0.001 (intravenous) and from 2.2 +/- 0.5 to 3.4 +/- 0.6 liters/min per m2, p less than 0.001 (oral). Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure decreased from 26 +/- 6 to 14 +/- 7 mm Hg (p less than 0.001) and from 26 +/- 7 to 18 +/- 8 mm Hg (p less than 0.001) after intravenous and oral routes, respectively. Stroke volume index and stroke work index increased, and right atrial and pulmonary arterial pressures and systemic vascular resistance decreased by similar magnitude after both intravenous and oral MDL 17043 (all p less than 0.001). The hemodynamic effects persisted during 4 hours of observation. Thirty-seven patients were discharged while receiving MDL 17043 therapy and were followed up for a mean of 5.6 months (range 0.5 to 13). Thirty-three of the 37 patients had short-term improvement clinically by at least one New York Heart Association functional class. Undesirable effects, including nausea (35%), anorexia (27%), fluid retention (24%) and thrombocytopenia (less than 1%), necessitated discontinuation of therapy in 11 patients (30%) who were receiving multiple drug therapy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6238078 TI - Preliminary report on use of carbon dioxide laser in podiatry. PMID- 6238077 TI - Drug-induced skin disease. AB - Drug-induced cutaneous reactions encompass a wide variety of rashes that depend in part on route of administration (e.g., contact versus systemic) as well as type of cutaneous response and molecular mechanism underlying the reaction. One such reaction is a type IV immunologic reaction (delayed hypersensitivity) manifest as contact dermatitis and commonly elicited by drugs such as antihistamines, antibiotic ointments, local anesthetics, and paraben esters in cosmetic creams and lotions. A generalized eruption of this sort will occasionally occur with systemic administration of a drug to someone previously sensitized by topical application. Systemic administration of agents can cause nonspecific pruritus or maculopapular eruptions that resemble visual exanthemas. The pathogenesis is unclear and no immune mechanism has been demonstrated. If the drug is continued, exfoliative dermatitis can result. Other types of reactions are urticarial in nature and include acute urticaria/angioedema, erythema multiforme (bullous and nonbullous), Stevens-Johnson syndrome, urticaria in association with serum sickness-like reactions, and urticaria associated with anaphylactoid reactions. In many of these, an allergic reaction in which there is an immunoglobulin (Ig) E-dependent release of mediators in the skin causes hives or swelling. In others, circulating immune complexes may be present, often involving IgG antibody complexed with drug and complement fixation; hives may then be caused by anaphylatoxin release or a concomitant IgE-mediated reaction. In some instances, a cellular reaction may augment the aforementioned inflammatory reactions, perhaps as part of a late-phase reaction or a true delayed hypersensitivity component. PMID- 6238079 TI - Ecological studies on cyclops species with special reference to population dynamics of Mesocyclops leuckarti (Claus), in Delhi region. PMID- 6238080 TI - P. knowlesi: enzyme typing in agarose electrophoresis. PMID- 6238081 TI - Relative effectiveness of 'nytal' and cotton as cyclops sieving device in guineaworm affected hamlets in Rajasthan. PMID- 6238082 TI - Traumatic hernia of the anterior abdominal wall. AB - Despite an increase in incidence of blunt abdominal trauma and despite the variations in compressive forces that occur, very few cases of traumatic hernia of the anterior abdominal wall have been recorded. Two recently treated cases of traumatic disruption of the musculature and fascia of the anterior abdominal wall with herniation of intestine into the subcutaneous space are herein reported. The occurrence of blunt abdominal trauma associated with an extra-abdominal mass believed to contain intestine signifies a severe compressive force and probable extensive associated injury. It represents an acute emergency and requires prompt resuscitative measures and surgical intervention. PMID- 6238083 TI - Abdominal wall hematoma: case report and subject review. AB - Presented is a case of abdominal wall hematoma following a fall from a height of 20 feet. This emergency department course illustrates the diagnostic dilemma that frequently accompanies this entity. The patient was discharged from the hospital without further complication following an extensive workup and 48 hours of observation. Pathophysiology, evaluation, and treatment are then discussed in detail. PMID- 6238084 TI - FcR epsilon+ lymphocytes and regulation of the IgE antibody system. I. A new class of molecules, termed IgE-induced regulants (EIR), which modulate FcR epsilon expression by lymphocytes. AB - Exposure of unfractionated murine lymphoid cells to suitable amounts of IgE in vitro results in the de novo expression of Fc receptors for IgE (FcR epsilon) by both T and B lymphocytes. Monoclonal IgE, in the monomeric state, directly induces FcR epsilon expression by B cell-enriched but not T cell-enriched lymphoid cells. In contrast, the same monoclonal IgE in the aggregated state can directly induce FcR epsilon expression by either lymphocyte class independently. The fact that monomeric IgE induces almost equal proportions of FcR epsilon+ B and T cells unfractionated cell cultures, but can directly induce only FcR epsilon+ B cells when lymphocyte subpopulations are independently exposed to IgE, suggested the involvement of either soluble mediators or cognate interactions in this FcR epsilon expression process. Indeed, the studies presented demonstrate that IgE-stimulated lymphoid cells produce soluble mediators, termed IgE-induced regulants (EIR), which can induce FcR epsilon expression in cultures of fresh lymphoid cells. EIR-stimulated FcR epsilon expression is independent of IgE in either its native or processed state, and is largely by T cells of the Lyt-2+ subset. Thus, total depletion of T cells or more selective elimination of the Lyt 2+ subset prevented the development of FcR epsilon+ cells in cultures exposed to EIR but not in those exposed to monomeric IgE. Conversely, depletion of B cells had the opposite effect in that the remaining T cells retained the ability to express FcR epsilon in response to EIR but were unresponsive to monomeric IgE. Because of its selective activity in inducing FcR epsilon expression by T lymphocytes, EIR from unfractionated lymphoid cell cultures has been designated EIRT. This selectivity of EIRT inductive properties for T lymphocytes was additionally confirmed by analyses of the FcR epsilon+ lymphoid cells subsequent to induction with IgE or EIRT. Thus, unlike monomeric IgE, which induces FcR epsilon+ cells equally distributed among T and B lymphocytes, EIRT induces FcR epsilon+ cells in only the T cell class. These findings indicate that production of the EIRT and subsequent expression of FcR epsilon by Lyt-2+ T cells depends upon the initial interaction of IgE with B cells. Finally, an interesting paradox observed was that although IgE-induced FcR epsilon expression by B cells is unaffected by total T cell depletion, selective blocking of just Lyt-1+ T cells significantly diminishes this FcR epsilon induction process.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6238085 TI - FcR epsilon+ lymphocytes and regulation of the IgE antibody system. II. FcR epsilon+ B lymphocytes initiate a cascade of cellular and molecular interactions that control FcR epsilon expression and IgE production. AB - This study additionally explores the orderly sequence of events concerning the induction of Fc receptors for IgE (FcR epsilon) that are initiated by IgE and mediated by IgE-induced regulants (EIR). Thus, lymphoid cells exposed to monomeric IgE displayed an early phase of exclusive B cell FcR epsilon expression, followed by the progressive appearance of FcR epsilon+ T cells, ultimately resulting in equal proportions of FcR epsilon+ B cells and T cells. Parallel cultures of lymphoid cells stimulated with EIR derived from unfractionated lymphoid cells (EIRT) also manifested rapid induction of FcR epsilon+ cells, but these FcR epsilon+ cells were predominantly T cells from the outset. Data presented here demonstrate that IgE-induced FcR epsilon expression by B cells ultimately results in the production of EIRT, which then induces FcR epsilon expression by T cells. The existence of EIRT that selectively induce T cell FcR epsilon expression prompted us to search for an EIRB that is selectively active in inducing FcR epsilon+ B cells. Indeed, IgE-stimulated, T cell-depleted lymphoid cells produce an EIRB that selectively induces FcR epsilon expression by B cells. This EIRB, but not EIRT, can also be generated by IgE stimulation of Lyt 2+ cell-blocked lymphoid cells, indicating that Lyt-1+ cells are not inhibitory to EIRB production and that production of EIRT is dependent upon functionally competent Lyt-2+ cells. Similar to IgE, EIRB induces rapid FcR epsilon expression, first by B cells and then by T cells, so that by 16 hr post induction equal proportions of FcR epsilon+ B and T cells were observed. Although complete T cell depletion does not affect IgE-induced FcR epsilon expression, selective blocking of Lyt-1+ cells markedly diminishes such responses, suggesting that Lyt 2+ cells are antagonistic to the induction of FcR epsilon+ B cells. Studies involving sequential T cell subset depletion clearly demonstrated that in the absence of functionally competent Lyt-1+ cells, Lyt-2+ cells exert an inhibitory influence on IgE-induced FcR epsilon expression by B cells. Stimulation of Lyt-1+ cell-blocked cultures with EIRT, and to a lesser degree with IgE, resulted in the elaboration of an EIR (EIRI), which lacks direct FcR epsilon-inductive properties, but conversely, directly inhibits IgE-induced FcR epsilon expression in fresh B cell cultures. PMID- 6238086 TI - FcR epsilon+ lymphocytes and regulation of the IgE antibody system. III. Suppressive factor of allergy (SFA) is produced during the in vitro FcR epsilon expression cascade and displays corollary physiologic activity in vivo. AB - Exposure of lymphoid cells to IgE induces the expression of Fc receptors for IgE (FcR epsilon) and the production of soluble mediators, termed IgE-induced regulants (EIR). Conventional suppressive factor of allergy (SFA) and enhancing factor of allergy (EFA), derived from mouse ascites fluids, both inhibit IgE induced FcR epsilon expression in vitro in cultures of unfractionated and T cell enriched, but not B cell-enriched, lymphoid cells. This indicates that the inhibitory activities of both entities are T cell dependent, and distinguishes them from the inhibitory EIRI, which inhibits FcR epsilon induction in the absence of T cells. Moreover, SFA and EFA can be distinguished from one another by differences in the T cell subsets required for the inhibitory activity of each respective mediator on in vitro IgE-induced FcR epsilon expression. Thus, SFA requires the presence of Lyt-1+ T cells, whereas EFA requires the presence of Lyt 2+ T cells. Supernatant fluids from IgE-stimulated unfractionated lymphoid cell cultures suppress in vivo IgE synthesis in mice, indicating that SFA is produced along with the other species of EIR. To define conditions required for SFA production in vitro, EIR-rich supernatant fluids were tested for the presence of SFA by using Lyt-2+ cell-blocked indicator cells in the in vitro FcR epsilon induction assay system (this eliminates the inhibitory activity of EFA). SFA production in vitro by IgE-stimulated lymphoid cells was shown to result from cooperative interactions between B cells and Lyt-1+ T cells. In addition, as observed with the induction of FcR epsilon in general, induction of SFA requires the initial interaction of B cells with IgE, and the release of the B cell selective EIRB. Once produced, EIRB can directly stimulate Lyt-1+ cells, but not Lyt-2+ cells, to produce SFA. The physiologic significance of the in vitro induction of SFA by the action of EIRB on Lyt-1+ cells was confirmed by the demonstration that EIRB, devoid of detectable SFA, selectively suppressed in vivo IgE synthesis after administration to intact mice. This indicates that EIRB can stimulate resident T cells of irradiated SJL mice to produce SFA. Finally, as shown previously with conventional ascites-derived SFA, the SFA produced in vitro after stimulation of lymphoid cells with IgE is devoid of IgE-binding properties, because its inhibitory effects on in vivo IgE antibody synthesis are not removed by passage over IgE affinity columns. PMID- 6238087 TI - FcR epsilon+ lymphocytes and regulation of the IgE antibody system. IV. Delineation of target cells and mechanisms of action of SFA and EFA in inhibiting in vitro induction of FcR epsilon expression. AB - SFA and EFA are derived from distinct mouse T cell hybridomas secreting one or the other (but not both) factor, and although both are capable of inhibiting FcR epsilon expression by unfractionated spleen cells induced by monomeric IgE, neither was inhibitory for EIRT-induced FcR epsilon expression by T cells in the same cell population. This suggests that the final target cell for the inhibitory effects of SFA and EFA is the FcR epsilon+ B lymphocyte. T cells are required for both SFA- and EFA-mediated FcR epsilon inhibition, and more precisely, as shown in this study, SFA stimulates Lyt-1+ cells in the presence or absence of IgE to produce a suppressive effector molecule (SEM), and EFA together with IgE stimulates Lyt-2+ cells to produce an enhancing effector molecule (EEM), both of which can directly inhibit FcR epsilon expression by B cells. SFA and SEM can inhibit both IgE- and EIRB-induced FcR epsilon expression by B cells, indicating that SFA may act by blocking the EIRB-mediated expansion of the FcR epsilon+ B cell population. EFA and EEM, in contrast, can inhibit IgE-induced but not EIRB induced FcR epsilon expression, indicating that EFA may act at some point before the release of EIR, perhaps involving those FcR epsilon+ B cells that respond to IgE and produce EIRB. Finally, although neither SFA and EFA display IgE binding properties, both SEM and EEM, in contrast, are IgE binding factors (IgE-BF) and may be homologous to the suppressive IgE binding factor and potentiating IgE binding factor described by other investigators. The possible interrelationships between these various cells and factors are discussed. PMID- 6238088 TI - Fc gamma receptor-mediated suppression of gamma-interferon-induced Ia antigen expression on a murine macrophage-like cell line (P338D1). AB - A variant (HS-1) of a murine macrophage cell line (P388D1) was obtained by cell cluster technique based on the Ia antigen expression induced by lymphokines. Receptors for both IgG2a and IgG2b but no detectable I-Ad are expressed on the surface of the majority of HS-1 cells. Exposure of HS-1 cell to concanavalin A supernatant or recombinant IFN-gamma resulted in the induction of I-Ad antigens on greater than 90% of the cells within 48 hr. The effects of lymphokines were transient and dependent on the synthesis of messenger RNA because the removal of lymphokines or the presence of actinomycin D both blocked Ia expression. The prior or simultaneous binding of monoclonal IgG2a or IgG2b antibodies complexed with sheep erythrocytes to respective cell surface Fc gamma R suppressed the Ia antigen inducing activity of lymphokines. Neither antibody nor antigen alone could suppress the effect of lymphokines. Inhibitors of phospholipase A2 or cyclooxygenase, which have been shown previously to suppress Fc gamma 2bR, but not Fc gamma 2aR, triggered activation of the adenylate cyclase system and reversed Fc gamma 2bR- but not Fc gamma 2aR-mediated suppression of IFN-gamma induced Ia antigen expression. PMID- 6238089 TI - Helper T lymphocytes from xid and normal mice support anti-phosphocholine antibody responses with equivalent T15, 511, and 603 idiotypic composition. AB - We have examined the idiotypic composition of secondary adoptive transfer antibody responses to phosphocholine (PC) supported by KLH-primed helper T cells derived from normal mice or xid mice. CBA/N x BALB/c F1 male xid mice have diminished anti-PC responses and virtually undetectable levels of the T15 idiotype; xid mice do express the 511 and 603 idiotypes. Nonetheless, we find helper T cells derived from such mice are indistinguishable from T cells primed in a normal environment in their ability to cooperate with B cells producing anti PC antibody bearing the T15, 511, or 603 idiotype markers. This result is in contrast to a previously published report from this laboratory. T cells from xid mice did support more IgG PFC than normal T cells, but serum IgG anti-PC antibody levels were similar in both groups. The IgM anti-PC response was predominantly of the T15 idiotype, whereas the 511 idiotype was associated with a minor fraction of IgG1 antibodies. The majority of the secondary IgG "anti-PC" antibody response bore none of the idiotypic markers associated with PC-binding myeloma or hybridoma antibodies, and was directed against phenyl-PC rather than PC. The phenomenon of T15 clonal dominance in the anti-PC response therefore is largely confined to the IgM response. We would conclude that the idiotype levels in the T cell priming environment do not influence the subsequent ability of such primed T cells to support anti-PC antibody responses. PMID- 6238091 TI - T cell repopulation from functionally restricted splenic progenitors: 10,000-fold expansion documented by using limiting dilution analyses. AB - Mice depleted of T cells by thymectomy, lethal irradiation, and reconstitution with Thy-1-depleted syngeneic bone marrow were given graded doses of splenic T cells to see whether post-thymic cells had the ability to regenerate immune function in these hosts. Using limiting dilution methods to estimate the number of antigen- and mitogen-responsive cells in recipients 12 to 20 wk after reconstitution, we found that new helper and cytotoxic precursor cells were produced, but attained levels only 10 to 20% of normal. Because these repopulated mice were able to produce nearly normal levels of helper and cytotoxic activity in conventional, high density cultures, despite their relative paucity of precursors, we infer that their normal function in conventional assays may reflect a balanced deficiency of effector and regulatory cell types. Surface phenotyping of the progenitor cells responsible for repopulation showed that Lyt 2- cells were required for helper cell regeneration and that Lyt-2+ cells acted as progenitors only for the cytotoxic lineage, contrary to earlier speculation that the splenic Lyt-1+ 2+ (Ly-123) pool included cells antecedent to both effector lineages. Comparison of the number of injected progenitors needed to produce repopulation with the number of new precursor cells eventually produced suggests that the relevant progenitors are able to undergo 10,000-fold expansion in 12 to 20 wk. Numerical expansion in the periphery from thymic-processed cells could well be a major source of new lymphocytes in adult mice. PMID- 6238090 TI - T cell subsets in (responder x nonresponder)F1 mice regulating antibody responses to L-glutamic acid60-L-alanine30-L-tyrosine (GAT). AB - Immune responses to GAT are controlled by H-2-linked Ir genes; soluble GAT stimulates antibody responses in responder mice (H-2b) but not in nonresponder mice (H-2q). In nonresponder mice, soluble GAT stimulates suppressor T cells that preempt function of helper T cells. After immunization with soluble GAT, spleen cells from (responder x nonresponder: H-2b X H-2q)F1 mice develop antibody responses to responder H-2b GAT-M phi but not to nonresponder H-2q GAT-M phi. This failure of immune F1 spleen cells to respond is due to an active suppressor T cell mechanism that is activated by H-2q, but not H-2b, GAT-M phi and involves two regulatory T cell subsets. Suppressor-inducer T cells are immune radiosensitive Lyt-1 +2-, I-A-, I-J+, Qa-1+ cells. Suppressor-effector T cells can be derived from virgin or immune spleens and are radiosensitive Lyt-1-2+, I-A , I-J+, Qa-1+ cells. This suppressor mechanism can suppress responses of virgin or immune F1 helper T cells and B cells. Helper T cells specific for H-2b GAT-M phi are easily detected in F1 mice after immunization with soluble GAT; helper T cells specific for H-2q GAT-M phi are demonstrated after elimination of the suppressor-inducer and -effector cells. These helper T cells are radioresistant Lyt-1+2-, I-A+, I-J-, Qa-1- cells. These data indicate that the Ir gene defect in responses to GAT is not due to a failure of nonresponder M phi to present GAT and most likely is not due to a defective T cell repertoire, because the relevant helper T cells are primed in F1 mice by soluble GAT and can be demonstrated when suppressor cells are removed. These data are discussed in the context of mechanisms for expression of Ir gene function in responses to GAT, especially the balance between stimulation of helper vs suppressor T cells. PMID- 6238092 TI - Immunoregulation after thermal injury: sequential appearance of I-J+, Ly-1 T suppressor inducer cells and Ly-2 T suppressor effector cells following thermal trauma in mice. AB - Immunoregulation as a consequence of thermal injury was investigated by using a murine model involving a 30% surface area full thickness burn. Both allogeneic mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) and in vitro anti-SRBC responses were depressed from days 3 to 25 post-burn. Suppressor T cells could be identified in both systems between days 5 and 15. On day 5 post-burn, an Ly-1+,2-, I-J+ T cell is responsible for the majority of the suppression observed. This cell behaves like a T suppressor inducer T cell in that it must interact with an Ly-2+ cyclophosphamide-sensitive cell to manifest suppression. On day 7 post-burn, only Ly-1-,2+ suppressor T cells are found which can directly suppress the activity of Ly-1+,2- helper T cells. Thus, these cells behave as T suppressor effector cells. We suggest that feedback suppression is in operation after thermal injury, with functional suppressor inducer cells appearing on day 5 post-burn, leading to the appearance of T suppressor effector cells by 7 days post-burn. Recovery from post burn immunosuppression occurs by day 25 post-burn and is associated with the appearance of V. villosa-adherent T cells, whose activity antagonizes that of the day 7 post-burn suppressor effector. These cells may represent contrasuppressor T cells, which could play a role in the restoration of immunocompetence after burn injury. PMID- 6238093 TI - T cell synergy in the primary MLR: proliferative kinetics, effector cell generation, and IL 2 production. AB - A primary rat MLR was initiated, and on each of 8 consecutive days during the evolving culture, an aliquot of cells was separated into its constitutive helper/inducer (W3/25+) and suppressor/cytotoxic (OX8+) T cell subsets by a monoclonal antibody, Degalan-bead immunoadsorbent column technique. This allowed a detailed kinetic analysis of T cell proliferation, the generation of effector cells, and the production of IL 2 by each subset relative to net whole culture supernatant IL 2 activity. The primary MLR demonstrates an early period of helper/inducer cell proliferation, IL 2 production and accumulation, followed by a period of suppressor/cytotoxic cell (OX8+) proliferation and IL 2 consumption during which there are distinct waves of allospecific suppressor, followed by cytotoxic activity. If fresh T cells of the helper/inducer or suppressor/cytotoxic phenotype were preseparated and then cultured alone with irradiated allogeneic stimulator cells, proliferation was noted in both subsets despite no demonstrable IL 2 activity in cultures of the suppressor/cytotoxic cells. Finally, a suppressed primary MLR exhibited proliferative inhibition of both T cell subsets. PMID- 6238095 TI - Lysine residues, but not carbohydrates, are required for the regulatory function of H on the amplification C3 convertase of complement. AB - Lysine epsilon-amino groups of human factor H were selectively converted to guanidino groups by treatment with 0.1 M O-methylisourea at pH 10.4. Guanidination resulted in a dose-dependent decrease in the capacity of the regulatory protein to accelerate decay dissociation of P-stabilized amplification C3 convertase sites, to serve as a co-factor for cleavage of cell-bound C3b by I, and to compete for binding of 125I-untreated H to C3b. Modification of approximately 75% lysine epsilon-amino groups suppressed 97% of H functional activity. Biochemical analysis of native H demonstrated a total carbohydrate content of 18.5% (w/w) and the presence in the molecule of 11 biantennary oligosaccharidic chains of the N-acetyl-lactosaminic type. Total desialation of H by using Clostridium perfringens neuraminidase, and total deglycosylation of desialated H by using beta-endo-N-acetylglucosaminidase resulted in a 1.5- to 2 fold increase in H activity on a weight basis. Deglycosylation did not alter the capacity of H to discriminate between activating and nonactivating surfaces of the alternative pathway. Thus, lysine residues are important determinants of the binding capacity of H for cell-bound C3b, whereas the carbohydrate portion of the molecule is not required for the regulatory function of the protein on the amplification C3 convertase. PMID- 6238094 TI - A mitogenic factor, released by stimulated human mononuclear cells and distinct from interleukin 2 (IL 2), B cell growth factor (BCGF), and interleukin 1 (IL 1). AB - Two lymphocyte mitogenic factors, interleukin 2 (IL 2) and blastogenic factor (BF), are generated concomitantly in human mixed lymphocyte cultures (MLC). The latter mitogenic factor is directly mitogenic for unstimulated lymphocytes, whereas the former mitogenic factor acts only on previously activated lymphocytes. Both factors had a m.w. range, as determined by gel filtration, of 18,000 to 30,000. Thus, these two factors were inseparable on the basis of m.w. size. However, BF and IL 2 were separable during ion exchange chromatography on the DEAE cellulose and phenyl-Sepharose chromatography. In addition, BF activity in the supernatants of MLC reached a maximum after day 5, whereas IL 2 activity peaked at day 3, thus distinguishing BF from IL 2 kinetically. These results clearly indicate that BF activity is mediated by molecules distinct from IL 2. The biochemical relationship between B cell growth factor (BCGF) and BF was also examined. Because BF was readily separable from BCGF by Con A-Sepharose chromatography, BF is distinguishable from BCGF. No augmentation of PHA stimulated C3H mouse thymocyte proliferation was associated with the preparation of partially purified BF, demonstrating that BF and IL 1 are distinct molecules. Taken together, these results indicate that BF is clearly distinct from IL 2, BCGF, and IL 1. BF-containing MLC supernatants have direct mitogenic activity on both T and B cells. Both T and B cell blastogenic activities copurified during ammonium sulfate precipitation, gel filtration, DEAE cellulose ion exchange chromatography, and hydrophobic chromatography. Thus, these two activities appear to be biochemically inseparable. Monoclonal anti-Tac, that has been suggested to recognize the receptor for human IL 2, was highly inhibitory to the T cell response to the phenyl-Sepharose preparations of BF (IL 2-free). In contrast, this antibody had minimal or no effect on BF-induced B cell proliferation. However, when MLC supernatants were absorbed with a cloned IL 2-dependent T cell line, only IL 2 activity, but not BF activity, was removed, demonstrating that BF and IL 2 have different binding specificities. The precise mechanism(s) by which anti-Tac inhibits BF-induced proliferation of T cells is unknown at present. Additionally, during the course of these experiments, we observed that Con A Sepharose chromatography could be used as a simple one-step method of separating BCGF from IL 2. PMID- 6238096 TI - In vivo kinetics and nature of rat IgE-bearing lymphocytes after IgE stimulation. AB - Surface IgE-bearing (sIgE+) cells were studied in BN and rnu/rnu athymic rats after Nippostrongylus brasiliensis infection or i.p. injection of unpurified or purified IgE from plasmacytoma ascitic fluid. The number of sIgE+ cells increased markedly after a serum IgE increase without change in the proportion of sIgM+ and sIgD+ cells. A high percentage of the sIgE+ cells bore cytophilic IgE. Receptors for IgE were induced with a 2.56-micrograms IgE injection/100 g body weight and reached a maximum with 1.6 mg IgE/100 g body weight. They appeared less than 4 hr after a single injection of purified IgE. The number of IgE receptor-bearing cells reached a maximum plateau at 24 hr to day 3 after injection and declined thereafter, to reach the control level on day 9 or 11 after injection. Nearly all the sIgE+ cells of BN rats also bore sIgD, but the number of triple sIgE-sIgM sIgD+ cells varied in a wide range. Maximum 4.5% of the sIgE+ cells of euthymic rats were T cells. More than 98% of the sIgE+ cells of nude rats were triple sIgM sIgD-sIgE+ cells, and the majority were cytophilic IgE+. For the most part, the sIgM-sIgD-sIgE+ cells are probably not cells that can differentiate, as generally accepted, in IgE-producing cells. New interpretations of the role of these triple sIgM-sIgD-sIgE+ cells in IgE immune responses are necessary. PMID- 6238098 TI - Lymphocyte subpopulations in gastric disease; effect of histamine and cimetidine on immunoregulatory T cell subsets. AB - The numbers of T lymphocytes, helper and suppressor T lymphocytes, were measured in peripheral blood of 10 patients, 13 patients with gastric cancer and 20 normal controls. T lymphocyte subpopulations were enumerated by the use of monoclonal antibodies OKT3 (pan-T lymphocytes), OKT4 (helper/inducer lymphocytes) and OKT8 (cytotoxic/suppressor lymphocytes) in an indirect immunofluorescence technique. Furthermore, the possible pharmacological modulation of 10(-4) histamine and 10( 4), 10(-6) M cimetidine of T lymphocyte subsets was investigated. Lymphocyte subpopulations were found to range in normal values in patients with ulcer and chronic gastritis. A marked decrease of OKT3 and OKT8 positive lymphocytes was noted in patients with gastric cancer, whereas OKT4 lymphocytes from the three groups of patients to histamine and cimetidine resulted in no significant changes of lymphocyte subsets. PMID- 6238099 TI - The effect of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug Etodolac on macrophage migration in vitro and in vivo. AB - The possible mode of action of Etodolac, a potent anti-inflammatory drug, has been investigated. The effect of Etodolac on macrophage inflammatory depressed the influx of inflammatory macrophages into peritoneal cavity following stimulation with a sterile irritant. This decrease in macrophage accumulation in vivo correlated with the effect of Etodolac on the macrophage chemotaxis in vitro. Etodolac was also capable of reducing the macrophage ability to migrate towards a chemoattractant. In vivo Etodolac should reduce the amount of damage produced at the site of chronic inflammation since fewer macrophages would migrate to the inflammatory sites. PMID- 6238100 TI - Circulating T-cell subpopulations in lithium-associated granulocytosis. AB - Granulocytosis is a common feature in patients undergoing lithium therapy. With increasing evidence that T lymphocytes play a role in the control of granulopoiesis, we have investigated the effect of lithium administration on circulating levels of T helper and T suppressor cells, as identified by monoclonal antibodies, to determine whether lithium-induced granulocytosis is mediated through changes in peripheral blood T cell subsets. Lithium carbonate was administered to 10 subjects over a 2 week period. Differential leucocyte counts and T, B, T helper and T suppressor lymphocyte enumerations were performed prior to administration of lithium (Day 1) and on 2 occasions (Day 7 and 14) during ingestion of the drug. Ten healthy control subjects were similarly investigated. Small, but significant elevation (p less than 0.05) in neutrophil counts at 7 and 14 days were observed in subjects taking lithium, serum lithium levels at these times were 0.56 +/- 0.27 and 0.68 +/- 0.17 mmol/l, respectively; lymphocyte and monocyte levels were unaffected. The percentages and absolute numbers of circulating T, B, T helper and T suppressor lymphocytes were not significantly altered (p greater than 0.05) during lithium administration and did not differ significantly (p greater than 0.05) from those recorded for the control group. We were thus unable to demonstrate that short-term lithium administration induced changes in the circulating levels of T helper (OKT4+) or T suppressor (OKT8+) cells. PMID- 6238097 TI - In vitro studies on the cell-mediated immune response to human brain tumors. II. Leukocyte-induced coats of glycosaminoglycan increase the resistance of glioma cells to cellular immune attack. AB - We have examined the ability of cultured human glioma cells to elicit allogeneic cytolytic lymphocyte responses in vitro in order to delineate properties of glioma cells that may contribute to their ability to escape cellular immune attack. When glioma cells were cultured together with allogeneic peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in mixed lymphocyte-tumor cultures (MLTC), it was observed that cells from eight of 12 glioma lines were surrounded by clear pericellular "halos," which appeared to impede contact between PBMC and the glioma cells. Enzymatic, histochemical, and immunochemical studies indicated that these halos represented glycosaminoglycan (GAG) coats that contained hyaluronic acid (HA) as a major constituent. Electron microscopic studies demonstrated the presence of many thin microvillous processes spanning the width of the halos. The presence of GAG coats around glioma cells in MLTC reduced the generation of cytolytic T lymphocytes specific for antigens on the glioma cells. Likewise, these cell coats decreased the lysis of glioma cells by cytolytic lymphocytes, once generated. The production of thick coats of GAG by glioma cells was induced by interaction of glioma cells with a nondialyzable factor produced by PBMC in culture. This factor did not cause glioma cells to release increased amounts of HA into the medium, but rather increased the production of HA that remained associated with the glioma cell surface. The formation of thick, protective GAG coats by glioma cells as a result of their interaction with the PBMC-derived factor constitutes a nonspecific suppressor mechanism that may contribute to the ability of this class of human solid tumors to evade cellular immune attack. PMID- 6238101 TI - Appearance of T-cell subpopulations during the time course of beryllium-induced granulomas. AB - Employing monoclonal antibodies that identify T-helper/inducer or T suppressor/cytotoxic cells, we investigated the T-lymphocyte subsets in hypersensitivity granulomas developed after beryllium salt injection. T helper/inducer cells were detected at all stages of the lesions, including early nonspecific inflammatory lesions seen at 3 weeks after injection. They formed clusters intermingled with the mononuclear phagocytes in granulomatous lesions, but were not found among the epithelioid cells. In contrast, T suppressor/cytotoxic cells were slow to appear in the lesions and constituted very small numbers in mature epithelioid cell granulomas of 9-11 weeks. These findings suggest that T-helper/inducer cells may be responsible for the evolution of the perivascular infiltrate of mononuclear cells. Furthermore, appearance of T helper/inducer cells without T-suppressor/cytotoxic cells may contribute to the development and organization of epithelioid cells and their maturity in the granulomatous lesions. PMID- 6238102 TI - Cholesterol sulfotransferase of newborn mouse epidermis. AB - Recent studies of the epidermis in patients with recessive X-linked ichthyosis indicate that cholesterol sulfate is an important endogenous substrate for steroid sulfatase in the stratum corneum. We report here that cholesterol sulfotransferase, which converts cholesterol to cholesterol sulfate, is present in the lower living epidermis. Epidermal cytosol also sulfates phenols and some steroids, and such reactions may be important in defending against compounds absorbed percutaneously and in modulating the pharmacologic activity of topical medicaments. Sodium salicylate and sodium citrate inhibit the sulfotransferase activity noncompetitively, and inhibition of cholesterol sulfate formation may be important in the desquamative action of these topical "keratolytics." PMID- 6238103 TI - Effect of combined topical glucocorticoids and ultraviolet B irradiation on epidermal Langerhans cells. AB - The combined effect of topical glucocorticoids and ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation on ATPase+ epidermal Langerhans cells in vivo was investigated in the guinea pig model. Glucocorticoids did not significantly enhance the response to UVB radiation, in the dosage range from 90-550 mJ/cm2 of UVB, suggesting that both agents were acting in a similar fashion. The solvent ethanol, however, potentiated the effect of UVB exposure due, at least in part, to increased penetration of the UVB into the epidermis. The recovery of ATPase+ Langerhans cells was significantly slower after high (greater than 165 mJ/cm2) than after more moderate doses (90-145 mJ/cm2) of UVB radiation. PMID- 6238104 TI - Intradermal injection of Propionibacterium acnes: a model of inflammation relevant to acne. AB - The intradermal injection of 140 micrograms of Propionibacterium acnes (CN 6134) into the ears of female Sprague-Dawley rats produced a chronic inflammation with formation of acneiform lesions. Inflammation was characterized by more than a doubling of ear thickness at 24 h and a peak of 3-4 times control levels at day 21. At 42 days post injection ears were still 3 times normal thickness. Histologically there was early polymorph accumulation giving way to macrophages and lymphocytes by day 7. Pilosebaceous follicles overlying the inflamed area lost their sebaceous glands and became hyperplastic cords of cells that grew down and encapsulated inflammatory loci. By day 9 many of these follicles had become secondary comedones. Three isolates of P. acnes from inflammatory acne lesions and 4 of 5 isolates from non-acne patients produced results similar to that of the strain CN 6134. In these cases the number of histologically evident secondary comedones was correlated with ear thickness. In contrast, samples of Streptococcus lactis, Escherichia coli B, and Staphylococcus epidermidis failed to produce this combination of chronic inflammation and high lesion count. Benzoyl peroxide, tetracycline, erythromycin, phenidone, naproxen, and cis and trans retinoic acid were inactive as inhibitors of P. acnes CN 6134-induced ear thickening. The corticosteroid fluocinolone acetonide produced dramatic suppression of inflammation, but upon cessation of treatment the ears returned to inflamed levels. The specificity for P. acnes, the formation of acneiform lesions, and the recalcitrance of the inflammation suggest our model is indeed relevant to acne. PMID- 6238105 TI - Characteristics of autoantibodies to human interferon in a patient with varicella zoster disease. AB - A patient with varicella-zoster disease was found to have antibodies to human interferon. These antibodies included all IgG subclasses, showed a high combined affinity (average dissociation constant, 10(-11)M), and were present in serum at a concentration of 10(-9)M. The antibodies neutralized the activity of a series of human alpha-interferons prepared from recombinant DNA as well as that of naturally occurring mixtures of alpha-type interferon prepared by viral stimulation of human cells. Examination of the patient's lymphoid cells revealed normal production of interferon and normal expression of interferon receptors. Interferon from the patient's cells was neutralized by her serum. The neutralizing capacity of this serum was analyzed with regard to levels of interferon previously detected in patients with varicella-zoster infections. PMID- 6238106 TI - Immune mechanisms in chlamydial eye infection: cellular immune responses in chronic and acute disease. AB - The current studies detail cell-mediated immune responses to Chlamydia trachomatis antigen in both acute and chronically infected monkeys. Peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes (PBMLs) from three groups of animals (immunized before infection, not immunized before infection, and chronically infected) were tested for the capacity to proliferate in response to C. trachomatis antigen in vitro. Only those animals that had been systemically immunized before acute ocular infection responded significantly. Coculturing macrophages from nonresponding animals with T cells from D-histocompatible responding animals showed that the ability to present antigen was unaffected in nonresponding animals. These studies also demonstrated that removal of suppressor T cells from PBMLs before culture resulted in increased proliferation in the chronically infected group and suggested that the nonresponsiveness seen in chronic ocular disease may be mediated by suppressor T cells. PMID- 6238107 TI - Functional and quantitative alterations in T lymphocyte subpopulations in acute toxoplasmosis. AB - The cellular immune response to Toxoplasma gondii has been studied in 23 patients with acute toxoplasma infection. Abnormalities of T cell subpopulations included a marked and significant elevation in suppressor (Leu 2) T cells in patients with prolonged symptoms due to acute infection and either a decrease in the number of T helper cells or an increase in the number of suppressor cells--or both--in patients with asymptomatic lymphadenopathy. There was no significant difference in lymphocyte proliferation to phytohemagglutinin or pokeweed mitogen among the various groups tested. The peak lymphocyte response to toxoplasma antigen, however, was significantly depressed in patients with acute infection compared with that in chronically infected control patients. The kinetics of the depression were consistent with the induction of a non-Leu 2 suppressor cell. These results demonstrate marked quantitative alterations in T lymphocyte subpopulations and functional alterations of T cells to toxoplasma antigen during infection with T. gondii. PMID- 6238108 TI - Depletion of T-lymphocyte subsets using monoclonal antibody and complement: effect on T-colony formation. AB - Using monoclonal antibody and fresh rabbit serum, mononuclear cells from 11 healthy individuals were depleted of either helper or suppressor T-lymphocytes by complement-mediated lysis. The effect on T-lymphocyte colony formation was studied to determine the nature of the T-colony-forming cell. While depletion of either subset of T-lymphocytes significantly reduced T-colony formation compared to controls (P less than 0.01), colony formation did not differ significantly between helper or suppressor T-cell-depleted cells. Thus T-colony formation appears to be a property of both helper and suppressor T-lymphocytes, and both subsets are necessary for optimal colony formation. PMID- 6238109 TI - Receptors for human alpha interferon: are gangliosides involved? AB - Interferon (IFN) action on cells must begin with an interaction with cellular receptors. Binding and cross-linking experiments reported earlier with purified 125I-labeled recombinant human (Hu) IFN-alpha 2 have revealed that IFN-alpha 2 binds to a specific macromolecular receptor on human cells (Joshi et al., J. Biol. Chem. 257, 13884-13887, 1982). Based on indirect evidence such as neutralization of the antiviral action of IFN preparations by gangliosides and binding of IFNs to gangliosides coupled to solid supports, it has been suggested by various investigators that gangliosides may be a part of the IFN-alpha/beta receptors. Experiments presented here indicate that gangliosides could block the antiviral activity of HuIFN-beta, but not of HuIFN-alpha, although both species of IFN bound strongly to gangliosides coupled to poly-L-lysine-agarose. Furthermore, gangliosides did not inhibit the binding of 125I-labeled HuIFN-alpha 2 to specific receptors on human cells, and this binding was competed out by unlabeled HuIFN-alpha 2 and HuIFN-alpha(LE) which were preincubated with gangliosides. However, the capacity of HuIFN-beta to compete for the receptors was abolished by preincubation with gangliosides. These results were confirmed by cross-linking experiments to identify the IFN-receptor complex by gel electrophoresis. The results indicate that at least in the case of HuIFN-alpha species, the ganglioside binding is apparently not at the active site of the IFN molecules required for interaction with the receptors on the cell surface. PMID- 6238110 TI - An overview on the leprosy vaccine. PMID- 6238111 TI - [Chronic hepatitis followed by various immunological abnormalities in a patient with defective erythrocyte C3b receptor]. PMID- 6238113 TI - [A case of common variable immunodeficiency--hyperactivity of suppressor T cells]. PMID- 6238112 TI - [Disseminated bone tuberculosis with osteomyelitis and septicemia caused by Staphylococcus epidermis. Report of a case]. PMID- 6238114 TI - Evaluating LRE decisions through social comparison. PMID- 6238115 TI - Vertebral osteomyelitis as another cause of low back pain: case report. AB - A case is reported of a 47 year old man with an insidious onset of low back pain while hospitalized for septicemia. The etiology was not investigated and pharmacologic therapy was instituted. Several weeks after discharge, the patient presented to our chiropractic college clinic for the diagnosis and therapy for his low back pain. Radiologic examination of the lumbar spine revealed classic signs of a vertebral osteomyelitis. Manipulative therapy was contraindicated and the patient was referred for biopsy and appropriate antibiotic therapy. A review of the clinical presentation and appropriate diagnostic protocol are presented. PMID- 6238116 TI - Treatment of patients with advanced cancer of the prostate using a slow-release (depot) formulation of the LHRH agonist ICI 118630 (Zoladex). AB - Twenty two patients with advanced carcinoma of the prostate have been treated for up to 3 months with the slow-release (depot) formulation of the luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) agonist ICI 118630. Patients were randomized to receive one of three different doses of ICI 118630 of 0.9, 1.8 or 3.6 mg. The depot preparation was injected subcutaneously every 4 weeks. At the highest dose, the concentration of testosterone in serum was significantly reduced to castrate values after 2-3 weeks of therapy. The smaller doses of ICI 118630 (1.8 or 0.9 mg every 4 weeks) similarly reduced serum testosterone concentrations although, at the lowest dose, testosterone values were not suppressed in all patients during the first month. Hormonal changes were accompanied by subjective clinical improvement in symptomatic patients and there were no significant side effects. The data clearly demonstrate the considerable therapeutic potential of ICI 118630 in the depot formulation for the treatment of advanced carcinoma of the prostate. PMID- 6238117 TI - Androgen regulation of secretions in the sebaceous-like uropygial gland of the male Japanese quail. AB - The uropygial gland of the male quail is a sebaceous-like, androgen-dependent structure. The waxes secreted by this gland consist of fatty acids esterified by alkane-2,3-diols. In adult male quail the relative concentrations of all fatty acids were not affected by castration and testosterone treatment; but in contrast, the relative concentration of dodecane diol was found to be correlated with the androgen levels. In castrated quail administration of testosterone induced an increase in the dodecane diol percentage which was blocked by protein synthesis inhibitors. Furthermore, the effects of testosterone were found to be neutralized by the administration of cyproterone acetate. Consequently it may be stated that the relative concentration of dodecane diol is indeed a very good marker for androgenicity in the uropygial gland of the male quail. This experimental model seems well suited for evaluating the stimulators and inhibitors of the activity of the sebaceous gland. PMID- 6238118 TI - Stages in the development of cat muscle spindles. AB - The structure of developing spindles has been examined in cat peroneal muscles by light and electron microscopy, beginning at the 34- to 38-day foetal stage. By this stage alpha motoneurons have formed end-plates on primary myotubes. Secondary extrafusal myotubes then develop beneath the basal lamina of primary myotubes, and are innervated by motor axons early in their assembly. First-series secondary myotubes separate from primary myotubes prior to the development of subsequent series. The assembly of extrafusal fibres is completed by birth. Intrafusal fibres assemble in a similar manner. At the 34- to 38-day foetal stage developing spindles consist of a single primary myotube containing a small accumulation of myonuclei beneath the terminals of the Ia afferent axon. Simple motor nerve terminals also innervate this myotube, which will ultimately become the bag2 fibre of the mature spindle. Secondary intrafusal myotubes then assemble beneath the basal lamina of the primary bag2 myotube, in the order presumptive bag1, long-chain, intermediate-chain and typical-chain fibres. Their assembly begins at the equator, beneath the sensory terminals, and spreads to the poles. The bag1 and long-chain myotubes separate from the bag2 in the spindle pole prior to the development of the other chain fibres. The assembly of intrafusal fibres is completed by birth. The periaxial space begins to develop in the first postnatal week. The development of tandem spindles containing b2c units is described. The role of sensory and motor innervation in the assembly and differentiation of mammalian intrafusal fibres is discussed. PMID- 6238119 TI - Differences in temperature dependence of muscle contractile properties and myofibrillar ATPase activity in a cold-temperature fish. AB - Single muscle fibres were isolated from the fast myotomal muscle of the teleost Myoxocephalus scorpius L. and chemically skinned with 1% Brij. Maximum Ca2+ activated force (P0) increased from 14.5 +/- 1.1 N cm-2 at 2 degrees C to 19.1 +/ 1.8 N cm-2 at 15 degrees C (mean +/- S.E.). Maximum contraction velocity was determined by Hill's slack-test method (V0) and by extrapolation from force velocity (P-V) relationships (Vmax). There was a linear relation between log10 V0 and temperature below 15 degrees C (Q10 = 1.9, P less than 0.01). The force velocity characteristics of the fibres were determined at 2 degrees C and 20 degrees C. Points below 0.6 P0 on the P-V curve could be fitted by a linear form of Hill's equation. Extrapolated Vmax values were 0.55 muscle lengths s-1 (L0 s 1) at 2 degrees C and 1.54 L0 s-1 at 20 degrees C. Curvature of the P-V relationship was independent of temperature. The Mg2+, Ca2+-ATPase activity of Triton-X 100 extracted myofibrils was determined under similar ionic conditions to those used in skinned fibre experiments. (Ionic strength 0.16 mmol l-1, pMgATP 2.5). A linear relationship between log10 ATPase and temperature was only obtained below 15 degrees C (P less than 0.001). Above 15 degrees C, the Q10 for ATPase decreased significantly. The Q10(0-15 degrees C) for ATPase activity (3.9) was significantly higher than for unloaded contraction velocity. Supercontraction of isolated myofibrils to very short sarcomere lengths and differences in the mechanical constraints for crossbridge cycling between the preparations probably account for the lack of proportionality between these two parameters. PMID- 6238120 TI - Inhibition of complement activation on the surface of cells after incorporation of decay-accelerating factor (DAF) into their membranes. AB - Decay-accelerating factor (DAF), extracted from the stroma of human erythrocytes, was purified to homogeneity and incorporated into the membrane of sheep red cell complement intermediates, where its functional properties were analyzed. Incorporation of DAF into the cell membranes was temperature dependent, took place on pronase- or trypsin-treated erythrocytes, and did not depend on prior deposition of antibody, C1 or C4. Serum lipoproteins (high and low density) effectively inhibited DAF incorporation, but had no effect on the activity of DAF after its association with the cell membrane. The incorporated DAF could not be removed from the red cell surface by repeated washings in the presence of high salt concentration but was solubilized when the stroma were extracted with 0.1% Nonidet P-40. The presence of DAF in the membrane of EA did not affect the deposition of C1 and C4, but as few as 10(2) DAF molecules per cell profoundly inhibited the assembly of C3 and C5 convertases of both the classical and alternative pathways. The DAF inhibitory effect on EAC14 or EAC43 was not overcome by supplying an excess of C2 or factor B, but the alternative pathway C3 convertase could be assembled in the presence of Ni++, or nonphysiological concentrations of Mg++, which enhances the binding affinity of factor B for C3b. The DAF effect on EAC14 or EAC143 was entirely reversed by treating the cells with specific anti-DAF antibodies, showing that DAF did not alter the structure of C4b or C3b. Taken together, the experimental evidence suggests that DAF interacts directly with membrane-bound C3b or C4b and prevents subsequent uptake of C2 and factor B. DAF can function only within the cell membrane. Indeed, the decay dissociation of the C4b2a enzyme on DAF-containing sheep intermediates was not changed by varying the cell concentration. DAF-treated EA had no influence on the decay of nontreated EAC142 present in the same mixture. Moreover, the inhibitory activity of intact human erythrocytes on C4b2a was not blocked by antibodies to DAF, but was abolished by antibodies to the C3b/C4b receptor (CR1). When incorporated into the membrane of rabbit erythrocytes, human DAF inhibited their lysis by human complement. In conclusion, on the basis of these and previous results, it appears that DAF plays a central role in preventing the amplification of the complement cascade on host cell surfaces.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6238121 TI - The isolation and activity of growth-stimulating factors from human platelets. AB - Optimal conditions for determining the mitogenic activity of platelet growth factor in a homologous system (human palmar fascia fibroblasts/human platelet growth factor) were established. With the aid of this system it was possible to test the active fraction from crude platelet extract following affinity chromatography on heparin-Sepharose, chromatofocusing and molecular sieve filtration. This fraction has an isoelectric point of pH greater than 9 with a molecular mass of about 12000 daltons and reacts with beta-thromboglobulin antiserum. The addition of protease inhibitors proved essential for the isolation of the active growth factor, in order to prevent proteolytic degradation to a biologically inactive substance that is immunologically identical to beta thromboglobulin. In addition to stimulation of DNA synthesis, the isolated growth factor induces enhanced synthesis of collagen and glycosaminoglycans in fibroblasts in vitro. PMID- 6238122 TI - Abrupt visual onsets and selective attention: evidence from visual search. AB - The effect of temporal discontinuity on visual search was assessed by presenting a display in which one item had an abrupt onset, while other items were introduced by gradually removing line segments that camouflaged them. We hypothesized that an abrupt onset in a visual display would capture visual attention, giving this item a processing advantage over items lacking an abrupt leading edge. This prediction was confirmed in Experiment 1. We designed a second experiment to ensure that this finding was due to attentional factors rather than to sensory or perceptual ones. Experiment 3 replicated Experiment 1 and demonstrated that the procedure used to avoid abrupt onset--camouflage removal- did not require a gradual waveform. Implications of these findings for theories of attention are discussed. PMID- 6238123 TI - A horse race of a different color: Stroop interference patterns with transformed words. AB - Four experiments investigated Stroop interference using geometrically transformed words. Over experiments, reading was made increasingly difficult by manipulating orientation uncertainty and the number of noncolor words. As a consequence, time to read color words aloud increased dramatically. Yet, even when reading a color word was considerably slower than naming the color of ink in which the word was printed, Stroop interference persisted virtually unaltered. This result is incompatible with the simple horse race model widely used to explain color-word interference. When reading became extremely slow, a reversed Stroop effect- interference in reading the word due to an incongruent ink color--appeared for one transformation together with the standard Stroop interference. Whether or not the concept of automaticity is invoked, relative speed of processing the word versus the color does not provide an adequate overall explanation of the Stroop phenomenon. PMID- 6238124 TI - The time course of picture-word interference. AB - If a word is printed inside the outline drawing of a concrete object, interference patterns as in Stroop research are obtained under the instruction to name the picture or to read the word. Smith and Magee (1980) have shown that these patterns change fundamentally if the naming or reading task is replaced by a categorizing task. Their results seem to corroborate the relative speed hypothesis, which explains Stroop-like interferences by faster processing of the distractor than the target. Two experiments are reported here in which the time course of picture-word interferences was analyzed by a systematically varied stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA) of the two stimulus components in the picture naming, word-reading, picture-categorizing, and word-categorizing tasks. The results argue against the relative speed hypothesis and suggest a functional internal processing asymmetry between inhibition-immune recoding, effective in word reading and picture categorizing, and inhibition-susceptible recoding in picture naming and word categorizing. PMID- 6238125 TI - Identification confusions among letters of the alphabet. AB - Black, uppercase letters, subtending 6.0' of arc in height, were presented tachistoscopically to 6 subjects. An exposure duration was chosen to keep the subject's identification performance at about 50% correct. On each trial a single letter was presented, and the subject was required to identify the letter by verbal response. The resulting 26 X 26 confusion matrix was based on 3,900 trials (150 trials per letter). Several models of visual processing were used to generate predicted confusions among letter pairs. Models based on template overlap, geometric features, and two-dimensional spatial frequency content (Fourier transforms) were tested. The highest correlation (.70) between actual and predicted confusions was attained by the model based on the Fourier transformed letters filtered by the human contrast sensitivity function. These results demonstrate that the spatial frequency content of visual patterns can provide a valuable metric for predicting their psychological similarity. The results further suggest that spatial frequency models of visual processing are competitive with feature analysis models. PMID- 6238126 TI - Manipulation of stimulus onset delay in reading: evidence for parallel programming of saccades. AB - On-line eye movement recording of 12 subjects who read short stories on a cathode ray tube enabled a test of direct control and preprogramming models of eye movements in reading. Contingent upon eye position, a mask was displayed in place of the letters in central vision after each saccade, delaying the onset of the stimulus in each eye fixation. The duration of the delay was manipulated in fixed or randomized blocks. Although the length of the delay strongly affected the duration of the fixations, there was no difference due to the conditions of delay manipulation, indicating that fixation duration is under direct control. However, not all fixations were lengthened by the period of the delay. Some ended while the mask was still present, suggesting they had been preprogrammed. But these "anticipation" eye movements could not have been completely determined before the fixation was processed because their fixation durations and saccade lengths were affected by the spatial extent of the mask, which varied randomly. Neither preprogramming nor existing serial direct control models of eye guidance can adequately account for these data. Instead, a model with direct control and parallel programming of saccades is proposed to explain the data and eye movements in reading in general. PMID- 6238127 TI - Perceiving affordances: visual guidance of stair climbing. AB - How do animals visually guide their activities in a cluttered environment? Gibson (1979) proposed that they perceive what environmental objects offer or afford for action. An analysis of affordances in terms of the dynamics of an animal environment system is presented. Critical points, corresponding to phase transitions in behavior, and optimal points, corresponding to stable, preferred regions of minimum energy expenditure, emerge from variation in the animal environment fit. It is hypothesized that these points are constants across physically similar systems and that they provide a natural basis for perceptual categories and preferences. In three experiments these hypotheses are examined for the activity of human stair climbing, by varying riser height with respect to leg length. The perceptual category boundary between "climbable" and "unclimbable" stairs is predicted by a biomechanical model, and visually preferred riser height is predicted from measurements of minimum energy expenditure during climbing. It is concluded that perception for the control of action reflects the underlying dynamics of the animal-environment system. PMID- 6238128 TI - Auditory perception of breaking and bouncing events: a case study in ecological acoustics. AB - The mechanical events of bouncing and breaking are acoustically specified by single versus multiple damped quasi-periodic pulse patterns, with an initial noise burst in the case of breaking. Subjects show high accuracy in categorizing natural tokens of bouncing and breaking glass as well as tokens constructed by adjusting only the temporal patterns of components, leaving their spectral properties constant. Differences in average spectral frequency are, therefore, not necessary for perceiving this contrast, though differences in spectral consistency over successive pulses may be important. Initial noise corresponding to glass rupture appears unnecessary to categorize breaking and bouncing. The data indicate that higher order temporal properties of the acoustic signal provide information for the auditory perception of these events. PMID- 6238129 TI - A limitation of position constancy. AB - When the eyes track a moving object, the image of a stationary target shifts on the retina colinearly with the eye movement. A compensation process called position constancy prevents this image shift from causing perceived target motion commensurate with the image shift. The target either appears stationary or seems to move in the direction opposite to the eye movement, but much less than the image shift would warrant. Our work is concerned with the question of whether position constancy operates when the image shift and the eye movement are not colinear. That can occur when, during the eye movement, the target undergoes a motion of its own. Evidence is reported that position constancy fails to operate when the direction of the target motion forms an angle with the direction of the eye movement. PMID- 6238130 TI - Simulation of curved surfaces from patterns of optical texture. AB - Previous research on the perceptual analysis of optical texture has been severely restricted by the lack of an appropriate technique for distributing texture on curved surfaces in a uniform manner. In an effort to overcome this problem, the present article presents a new algorithm for generating stochastically regular distributions of texture on any smooth surface regardless of its curvature. We also present a new technique for representing the global organization of a textured image based on the formal concept of a projected area field. PMID- 6238131 TI - Immunogenic effect of hepatitis B vaccine in children: comparison of two- and three-dose protocols. AB - The immunogenic effect of hepatitis B vaccine was evaluated in 183 seronegative infants from Senegal. Seventy-two seronegative infants received two 5-micrograms doses of vaccine at a two-month interval and 111 seronegative infants received three 5-micrograms doses at one-month intervals. All the children had a booster dose one year after the first injection of vaccine. No difference between the two groups was observed in the seroconversion rate (93.1% and 94.6%, respectively); in the proportion of high anti-HBs titer; or in the anti-HBs geometric mean titer (82 and 92 mIU/ml, respectively). These results demonstrate that two doses of 5 micrograms of hepatitis B vaccine are sufficient in infants to obtain a high immunogenic effect. PMID- 6238132 TI - Recurrent neuroleptic malignant syndrome due to tiapride and haloperidol: the possible role of D-2 dopamine receptors. AB - Two typical recurrent episodes of neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) in the same patient are described. The first episode was caused by a sulpiride derivative, tiapride. This is the first case in which a drug of the benzamide group has been reported to have caused such adverse drug reaction. In the second episode, NMS occurred due to haloperidol in the lowest dose ever reported and was accompanied by highly excessive levels of various muscle enzymes. Involvement of hypothalamic and striatal dopamine system, and particularly of D-2 subtype receptors, is suggested by this case. PMID- 6238133 TI - The effect of vasopressin treatment on learning in Down's syndrome. AB - Vasopressin is reported to enhance learning and memory in animal models. In 9 Down's syndrome patients DDAVP, a vasopressin derivative, was administered for 10 days, 40 micrograms per day, in a double-blind randomized crossover design. A visual-verbal paired associate learning test showed a not significant tendency for benefit with DDAVP. Word List memory was not improved with DDAVP treatment. PMID- 6238134 TI - Muscle fibre type composition in distal myopathy (Welander). An analysis with enzyme- and immuno-histochemical, gel-electrophoretic and ultrastructural techniques. AB - The myopathic muscle of distal myopathy (Welander's disease), the dominantly inherited neuromuscular disorder which occurs frequently in Sweden, has been characterized by electron microscopy, enzyme- and immuno-histochemistry (using antibodies against embryonic, neonatal, fast and slow myosin, and against the muscle-specific intermediate filament protein, desmin), and with gel electrophoretic techniques. Of special interest is the fact that the ultrastructural appearance of the fibres with regard to M- and Z-band structures does not fit the proposed classification criteria for ultrastructural fibre typing of normal human muscle. Furthermore, contrary to previous results, we conclusively demonstrate that the predominating fibres are of a slow-twitch type. Unexpectedly, we also observed that embryonic and neonatal myosin was expressed in some residual fibres. This emphasises the importance of supplementing stains to demonstrate activity of ATPase with myosin immuno-histochemistry in order to improve understanding of fibre type characteristics in myopathic muscles. The origin of the myopathic muscle fibres in distal myopathy could not be definitely determined, but it is suggested that neurogenic disturbances play an important part in the pathophysiology of Welander's disease. PMID- 6238135 TI - Male and female differences in enzyme activities of energy metabolism in vastus lateralis muscle. AB - To investigate sex differences in the organization of enzyme activities of energy supplying metabolism in skeletal muscle, samples of the vastus lateralis were extracted from active but untrained males (n = 16) and females (n = 17), ranging in age from 18 to 22 years. Muscle tissue from 2 different biopsy samples from each subject were analyzed for enzymes representative of the citric acid cycle (succinic dehydrogenase, SDH), beta-oxidation of fatty acids (3-hydroxyacyl CoA dehydrogenase, HAD), glycogenolysis (phosphorylase, PHOSPH), glycolysis (pyruvate kinase, PK; phosphofructokinase, PFK and lactate dehydrogenase, LDH) and glucose phosphorylation (hexokinase, HK). The results indicated that the maximal activities of PFK, PK, LDH and PHOSPH, HK and SDH averaged between 15 and 32% higher in the males than in the females. No significant differences between the sexes were found for HAD. When enzyme activity ratios were calculated, sex differences were only evident for the HAD/SDH ratio (mean +/- SD; females = 0.56 +/- 0.20; males = 0.41 +/- 0.11 and for the PFK/HAD ratio (females = 7.40 +/- 1.6; males = 9.58 +/- 1.9). The findings suggest that (1) the females have a significantly lower overall capacity for aerobic oxidation and for anaerobic glycolysis than the males; (2) the females have a greater capacity for beta oxidation relative to the capacity of the citric acid cycle; and (3) the glycolytic potential relative to the potential for beta-oxidation is lower in the females. PMID- 6238136 TI - Streptozocin plus fluorouracil versus doxorubicin therapy for metastatic carcinoid tumor. AB - EST 5275 is a phase II and III study of fluorouracil plus streptozocin (5-FU plus STZ) or doxorubicin in patients with measurable progressive carcinoid tumor. Among one hundred seventy-two cases with no prior chemotherapy and no heart disease, the response rate was 22% for 5-FU plus STZ and 21% for doxorubicin, while the median response duration and median survival were 31 weeks and 64 weeks for the combination and 26 weeks and 48 weeks for doxorubicin. Thirty-three patients who failed 5-FU plus STZ crossed over to doxorubicin and achieved an 18% response. Of the thirty-five patients who failed on doxorubicin, 29% responded to 5-FU plus STZ. Hematologic toxicity was similar for both treatments; however, the 5-FU plus STZ patients experienced more vomiting but acceptable renal toxicity. Both chemotherapy regimens have antitumor activity in carcinoid tumors. PMID- 6238137 TI - Airborne contact urticaria due to sodium benzoate in a pharmaceutical manufacturing plant. AB - Three workers exposed to airborne contact with sodium benzoate (SB) in a pharmaceutical plant developed transient urticaria related to skin contamination with SB. Patch test responses to SB and benzoic acid (BA), without occlusion, were similar to those of three previously unexposed controls in keeping with the nonimmunologic nature of the reaction. Sweating, which lowers skin pH and increases topical BA concentration, appeared to increase the susceptibility to urticaria in two of the three workers. Ventilation and hygiene control methods designed to reduce SB skin contamination eliminated the problem in the workplace. PMID- 6238138 TI - Fluorometric determination of DNA in cartilage of various species. AB - A sensitive, modified 3,5-diaminobenzoic acid (DABA), fluorometric DNA assay was developed and compared to mithramycin and ethidium bromide assays in determining the DNA content of dense connective tissues including: Swarm rat chondrosarcoma, rabbit, dog, monkey, and most importantly, adult human articular cartilage. In the more cellular cartilages, the three methods gave equivalent results. However, in the relatively acellular human cartilage, the DABA method was shown to be superior. Both the mithramycin and ethidium bromide gave falsely high values compared to the DABA method, which by subtraction after DNase digestion approached the DABA value. The latter was completely DNase sensitive. With the DABA method, the DNA content of human cartilage can be obtained on less than 5 mg wet weight of fresh, alcohol-fixed, or lyophilized material. While the DNA can also be released by digestion with papain or protease from Streptomyces griseus, proteinase K was preferable. The comparison of literature values for other fluorometric and spectrophotometric assays of human cartilage suggest these methods overestimate human articular cartilage DNA concentrations, whereas the DABA values were in line with those predicted from previous morphometric analysis. Thus, the modified method represents an improvement in DNA analysis of dense connective tissues. PMID- 6238139 TI - Keratan sulfate content and articular cartilage maturation during postnatal rabbit growth. AB - This article describes the macromolecular changes in keratan sulfate and proteoglycan that occur in rabbit articular cartilage during postnatal development. Articular cartilage glycosaminoglycans from femoral condyles and the tibial plateaus of rabbits at 8, 12, 18, and 26 weeks and 2 years of age were extracted, fractionated, and quantified. The predominant glycosaminoglycan present in articular cartilage at 8 weeks was chondroitin sulfate. During subsequent maturation the relative proportions of keratan sulfate and chondroitin sulfate varied inversely. The greatest increase in the amount of keratan sulfate present in cartilage was observed between 12 and 26 weeks of age. Hyaluronic acid content was measurable at 12 weeks; afterward the amount remained relatively constant with age. Proteoglycans, extracted from 6-, 12-, and 22-week-old rabbit femoral and tibial cartilage in the presence of protease inhibitors, were analyzed on columns of Sepharose CL-2B. Cartilage proteoglycans decreased in hydrodynamic size between 12 and 22 weeks, corresponding to the period of maximal change in content of keratan and chondroitin sulfate. PMID- 6238141 TI - Dracunculiasis in some Arkansas carnivores. PMID- 6238140 TI - Differentiation of species and life cycle stages of Brugia spp. by isoenzyme analysis. AB - The isoenzyme patterns of glucose phosphate isomerase and phosphoglucomutase of 3 species of Brugia, B. pahangi, subperiodic B. malayi, and B. patei, and 3 life cycle stages, adult, third-stage larva, and microfilaria were compared using the technique of isoelectricfocusing on polyacrylamide gels. The results demonstrated that the adults of all 3 species could be identified from one another and that differences existed between the sexes of any one species. Hybridization between B. pahangi and B. patei could be detected in the progeny of the cross. Both the third-stage larvae and microfilariae of B. malayi and B. pahangi were differentiated and the epidemiological significance and the application of these findings to arthropod-borne filarial infections were discussed. PMID- 6238142 TI - Juvenile periodontitis--no linkage with HLA-antigens. PMID- 6238144 TI - Gingival sulcular leukocytes in periodontitis and in experimental gingivitis in humans. PMID- 6238143 TI - In vitro sorption of IgG to cementum. PMID- 6238145 TI - Cell surface glycoconjugates of gingival fibroblasts exposed to dental plaque extract. PMID- 6238147 TI - Microtubules in periodontal ligament cells in relation to tooth eruption and collagen degradation. PMID- 6238146 TI - Proteoglycan production by chick embryonic chondrocytes is inhibited by culture filtrate of Bacteroides gingivalis. PMID- 6238148 TI - Measurement of eight prostaglandins in human gingival and periodontal disease using high pressure liquid chromatography and radioimmunoassay. PMID- 6238150 TI - The significance of alveolar bone in periodontal disease. An experimental study in the dog. PMID- 6238149 TI - Effects of bone remodeling on continuity of transalveolar fibers of the mouse periodontium. PMID- 6238151 TI - Orientation of cells in the experimental periodontal wound. PMID- 6238152 TI - Dentine hypersensitivity. A quantitative comparison of the uptake of metal salts and fluoride by dentine and hydroxyapatite. PMID- 6238153 TI - The effect of topically applied fluorides on the surface free energy of human dentin. PMID- 6238154 TI - Salivary concentrations of steroid hormones in males and in cycling and postmenopausal females with and without periodontitis. PMID- 6238155 TI - [Appearance of intoxication, and plasma and tissue clioquinol concentrations after intravenous administration of clioquinol to rabbits]. PMID- 6238156 TI - Pharmacokinetics of teicoplanin in man after intravenous administration. AB - The pharmacokinetics of teicoplanin, a new glycopeptide antibiotic active against gram-positive aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, was studied in adult male volunteers given 2- and 3-mg/kg doses by a constant-rate 0.5-hr infusion. Serum and urine samples were collected up to 96 hr. Mean peak serum levels after the two doses were 15.7 and 22.4 micrograms/ml. Postinfusion serum teicoplanin levels showed triexponential decay. A three-compartment body model gave close values for pharmacokinetic parameters after the two doses. The mean half-life of the lambda 1 phase was 20.3 min, that of the lambda 2 phase was 2.9 hr, and the half-life of the estimated lambda 3 phase was 40.5 hr, in good agreement with that of the lambda z phase (45.9 hr) calculated from the last urine data. The mean volume of distribution of the central compartment was 0.09 liter/kg and the steady-state volume of distribution using noncompartmental analysis was 0.84 liter/kg. Total clearance averaged 16.05 ml/hr/kg, with renal clearance arbout half this (9.51 ml/hr/kg), calculated by two different methods. The average total recovery of active teicoplanin in urine over 4 days was 52%, suggesting that both renal and nonrenal mechanisms are involved in elimination of the drug. The concentrations of teicoplanin in serum and urine exceeded the MIC (ranging from 0.02 to 2 micrograms/ml) on many pathogenic organisms for at least 1 day after administration. PMID- 6238158 TI - Serotonin regulation of the canine migrating motor complex. AB - A potential role for endogenous serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) in the control of the migrating motor complex (MMC) was investigated in 10 conscious dogs. Strain gage force transducers or silver bipolar recording electrodes were sewn along the small intestine to record motor or myoelectrical patterns of activity, respectively. After an 18-hr fast, serotonin stimulated phase II-like circular muscle contractions when administered during phase I of the MMC. Methysergide produced a prolonged atropine-resistant increase in the number of contractions throughout the jejunum and ileum, thus suggesting agonist activity. Phase III contractions were not apparent during the methysergide-induced contractile activity. Cyproheptadine blocked the initiation and the migration of MMCs along the small intestine and significantly increased the period of the MMC. 5-methoxy N,N-dimethyltryptamine also increased the period of the jejunal MMC. Pretreatment with parachlorophenylalanine reduced qualitatively the contractile amplitude and appearance of phases II and III of the MMC and significantly reduced the MMC period in two of four dogs. In conclusion, endogenous serotonin affects motor activity during MMC phases II and III and appears to be a candidate regulator of the intrinsic mechanisms governing the initiation and propagation of the canine MMC. PMID- 6238157 TI - Controlled release of a luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone analogue from poly(d,l-lactide-co-glycolide) microspheres. AB - The performance in vivo of nafarelin acetate, a potent analogue of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone, microencapsulated in poly(d,l-lactide-co-glycolide), was evaluated. The influence of polymer composition and molecular weight on the estrus-suppressing activity of the microspheres in female rats was determined. Compound release was shown to be effected by polymer erosion rather than by diffusion. A triphasic release of compound was observed, which was adjusted by altering the critical parameters of the polymer. A mechanism for the release of the compound was proposed. The primary release phase was compound loss by diffusion from the surface of the microspheres. The secondary phase of subeffective rates of release occurred concomitantly with polymer hydrolysis and a decrease in its molecular weight, although it remained insoluble. Dissolution of low-molecular weight fragments and erosion of the bulk of the polymer then initiated the tertiary phase of release of compound. PMID- 6238159 TI - Biochemistry of rat single muscle fibres in newly assembled motor units following nerve crush. AB - A partial crush was applied surgically to the common peroneal nerves of rats, producing motor deficits lasting 4 weeks; the tibialis anterior muscles supplied by the crushed nerves were removed 5 weeks after recovery along with the contralateral control muscles. Myosin ATPase staining following pre-incubation at pH 4.5 was used to determine fibre types and to demonstrate areas of fibre-type grouping in the reinnervated areas of the muscles. Enzyme activities of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), adenylokinase (AK) and malate dehydrogenase (MDH) were measured using micro-analytical techniques on the individual fibres within the histochemically identical groups and on fibres of the same types selected from areas of the test muscle or the contralateral control which appeared normal. The results show that the degree of enzymatic variation among single fibres reinnervated by a common axon is very small when compared to the general fibre population and, moreover, to fibres of the same histochemical type. Enzyme variability within the newly formed motor units was only slightly greater than the variability reported for normal motor units (Nemeth, Pette & Vrbova, 1981). The results indicate that skeletal muscle fibres originally having great differences in levels of enzyme activity, as demonstrated in the general fibre population, acquire considerable enzymatic similarity following reinnervation by a common motor neurone. PMID- 6238160 TI - Plasticity of non-giant flexion circuitry in chronically cut abdominal nerve cords of the crayfish, Procambarus clarkii. AB - We have investigated the pattern of neuronal activity involved in the gradual return of sensory-evoked abdominal flexions in crayfish with chronically transected nerve cords. Recordings were made from eight types of identified neurone that mediate phasic abdominal movements, in a preparation consisting of the isolated abdominal nerve cord and tailfan. Responses of the cells to pinches and dorsiflexions of the tailfan were compared in two groups of animals: animals whose cords had been cut at the thoracic-abdominal junction 4-17 weeks earlier (chronic preparations), and animals whose cords had been cut at the same site either just before the experiment or up to 6 days earlier (acute preparations). Sensory stimuli produced bursts of spikes in 73% of the fast flexor motoneurones impaled in chronic preparations, but never fired these neurones in acute preparations. However, fast flexor motoneurones in both preparations were fired with approximately equal frequency by single impulses in the giant axons, suggesting that the firing thresholds of these motoneurones had not changed. Sensory stimuli also caused spiking in the extensor inhibitor and the flexor inhibitor in chronic preparations; in contrast, responses in the fast extensor motoneurones were always subthreshold and occasionally hyperpolarizing. None of these cells was fired by similar stimuli in acute preparations. Neurones restricted to the giant axon pathways (lateral, medial, segmental and motor giants) were silent during sensory-evoked flexor discharges in chronically transected cords. Flexor discharges were accompanied by intense activity in non giant axons recorded from the dorsal cord. Two identified, non-giant interneurones with axons in the dorsal cord were substantially depolarized but never fired by sensory input in chronic preparations. Sensory-evoked firing in the fast flexor motoneurones was not abolished by removal of the posterior stump of the nerve cord at the transection site. About 20% of chronic preparations generated cyclic motor output in response to unpatterned sensory stimulation. The pattern of motor activity that develops in chronically transected cords resembles that seen in normal crayfish during non-giant tailflips. Because cord transection permanently isolates the abdomen from rostral neural centres normally required for the generation of such tailflips, the return of co-ordinated motor output in chronically cut cords may result from the sensory activation of non-giant circuitry within the abdominal nervous system. PMID- 6238161 TI - Fusimotor reflexes in triceps surae muscle elicited by extension of the contralateral hind limb in the cat. AB - Experiments were performed in thirty-two cats anaesthetized with chloralose. The aim of the study was to investigate the reflex effects of flexion or extension of the contralateral hind limb on ipsilateral fusimotor neurones, to compare these effects with the effects elicited by stretch of the ipsilateral posterior biceps and semitendinosus (p.b.s.t.) muscles (Appelberg, Hulliger, Johansson & Sojka, 1982) and to clarify the interactions between the reflexes elicited from the ipsilateral and the contralateral side. Activity in fusimotor neurones was studied indirectly by recording from primary and secondary muscle spindle afferents of the triceps surae muscle. The mean rate of firing and the modulation of the afferent response to sinusoidal extension of the triceps surae was determined. Control measurements were made with the ipsilateral p.b.s.t. muscles relaxed and the contralateral hind limb in resting position. Tests were made with stretch of the ipsilateral p.b.s.t. and/or extension/flexion of the contralateral hind limb. With extension of the contralateral hind limb 64 out of 210 primary afferents (30.5%) showed predominantly dynamic reflexes (41 out of 134 in spinalized preparations: 30.6%), 25 (11.9%) showed mixed or predominantly static effects (1 spinalized: 0.7%), 121 (57.6%) showed no effect (92 spinalized: 68.7%). Flexion of the limb gave, with only two exceptions, no observable effect. Thirty-three secondary afferents were investigated. Five responded to extension of the contralateral hind limb with excitatory reflex effects. Flexion did not influence the secondary afferents. Mostly the reflex effects were not accompanied by detectable electromyogram (e.m.g.) activity in the ipsilateral triceps (surface recordings), indicating that the reflexes mainly involved gamma motoneurones. A comparison was made between the reflexes elicited by stretch of the ipsilateral p.b.s.t. and extension of the contralateral hind limb. The percentage of responsive units was higher for the contralateral stimulus. Spinalization almost abolished the statis reflex responses to both ipsi- and contralateral stimulation, and it increased the number of dynamic responses to ipsilateral stimulation. The ipsilaterally elicited reflexes also seemed more dependent upon background activity. Ipsilateral stimulus could facilitate or reduce a contralaterally evoked response, even when the ipsilateral stimulus alone gave no effect. The reflexes could also summate. Quite often combined stimuli changed the character of the reflex from dynamic to static or vice versa.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6238163 TI - The significance of AIDS to dentists and dental practice. PMID- 6238162 TI - Marginal leakage of several acid-etch composite resin restorative systems. PMID- 6238164 TI - Delayed reaction to the Dacron buttress used in urethropexy. AB - Eleven patients developed a delayed reaction to the Dacron buttress used in Stamey urethropexy. The reaction was characterized by pain, dyspareunia, vaginal discharge and/or bleeding, induration of the abdominal incision, vaginal granulation tissue and draining abdominal or vaginal sinus tracts. This complication occurred in 5% of the 163 patients we treated with the Stamey procedure for stress urinary incontinence. Treatment consisted of removal of the nylon suture and Dacron buttress. None of the 11 patients developed recurrent incontinence. The subjective cure rate for stress urinary incontinence was 92% using the Stamey procedure. PMID- 6238165 TI - Teaching laparoscopic sterilization. AB - First-year obstetrics-and-gynecology residents participated in the attempted sterilization of 411 women by either Falope Ring application (FRA) or bipolar electrocoagulation (LTC). Ability to complete the procedure, as well as intraoperative and immediate postoperative complication rates, was reviewed. Characteristics that predisposed women to complications were assessed. Complications were more common in 165 women who underwent sterilization with FRA than in those who had LTC. Two FRA patients (0.9%) required laparotomy because of bleeding. In addition, failure to establish a pneumoperitoneum led to a minilaparotomy in one case. Nineteen FRA women (11.5%) experienced minor complications. The only major complications with the use of LTC were the need for minilaparotomy in two women in whom a pneumoperitoneum could not be established. Minor complications occurred in 4 of 227 LTC cases (1.8%). Current or past patient characteristics did not influence outcome except in the cases of failure to establish a pneumoperitoneum; those women were significantly heavier than others in this series. Limited experience in the instruction of FRA may have contributed to the higher complication rate and to the greater number of problems complicating sterilization with FRA as compared to LTC. PMID- 6238166 TI - Down's syndrome with a recombinant tandem duplication of chromosome 21 derived from a maternal ring. AB - An account is given of the cytogenetic investigations of a girl with Down's syndrome found to have a dicentric duplication of chromosome 21. This tandem type of rearrangement was interpreted as a recombinant derived from a single meiotic crossover between a maternal ring 21 and its normal homologue. A population of cells was also found in which breakage of the dicentric resulted in a chromosome 21 with a small terminal deletion. The mother and the proband's younger brother, who was also a ring 21 heterozygote, were both clinically normal. PMID- 6238167 TI - Autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction in man. XII. Deficiency of the autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction in patients undergoing allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. Relationship with chronic graft-versus-host disease. AB - Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 14 patients with acute leukemia or aplastic anemia undergoing allogeneic bone marrow transplantation were examined for the autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction (AMLR) between T and non-T cells and its relationship with chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). Five of 6 patients with GVHD demonstrated deficiency of the AMLR, whereas only three of 8 patients with no evidence of chronic GVHD had deficient AMLR. The nature of underlying disease had no effect on the AMLR. The significance of these results is discussed. PMID- 6238168 TI - Antibody affinity and acute immune complex disease. AB - The affinity of anti-BSA antibody was measured daily in rabbits with acute immune complex disease. Affinity values increased with time (r = 0.87: p less than 0.01). Antibody affinity before antigen elimination was 5.3 +/- 0.7 X 10(5)M-1 (Mean +/- SEM, n = 19); affinity after antigen elimination was 9.6 +/- 1.4 X 10(5)M-1 (n = 7). (p less than 0.01: Student's t-test). At the time serum creatinine was elevated antibody affinity was low averaging 7.6 +/- 1.24 X 10(5)M 1 (n = 9). These findings support the hypothesis that complexes of low affinity antibody and antigen may participate in acute immune complex injury. PMID- 6238169 TI - The in vivo regulation of splenic T cell population by the prostaglandin-mediated system. AB - The effects of prostaglandins (PGs) on splenic T cell population, the generation of Con A-induced suppressor T cells, and antibody response to sheep erythrocytes were examined in mice in which the in vivo level of PG was regulated by indomethacin (INDO), an inhibitor of PG-synthesis, and exogenous PGE2. Inhibition of PG-synthesis enlarged the T cell population in the spleen and such an enlargement was due to an increase in Lyt-1+2+ and Lyt-1-2+ subsets. In this group, the induction of suppressor T cells was augmented, while the antibody response was suppressed. Elevation of the PG-level scarcely affected the size of the whole T cell population in the spleen but slightly increased a Lyt-1+2- subset. The production of suppressor T cells was disturbed, and the antibody response was augmented in this T cell population. Experiments using anti-Lyt antibody plus complement showed that Lyt-1+2+ subsets exhibited these distinctive activities between PG-decreased and PG-increased mice. A Lyt-1+2+ subset from mice with a high PG-level may be in an advanced stage of maturation compared with that from mice with a low PG-level under the promoting effect of PG on T cell differentiation. In vivo regulation of the PG-level appears to play an important role in the regulation of the T cell population and immune response. PMID- 6238170 TI - Characteristics of parents of Down's children and control children with respect to factors present before conception. AB - A study of the characteristics before conception of 145 mothers and 135 fathers of Down's children compared to control parents has shown that the Down's mothers, even when controlled for age, had significantly more illnesses before conception, particularly psychological illness, and significantly more drug ingestion in the year before conception. There were no other differences in the mothers and the fathers did not demonstrate a similar tendency. Since morbidity and drug ingestion are both associated with increasing age, it is suggested that further investigation of the role of environmental factors such as illness or drug ingestion may elucidate further the aetiology of Down's syndrome. PMID- 6238171 TI - Oral considerations in the management of cancer patients. PMID- 6238172 TI - Two intervening sequences in the ATPase subunit 6 gene of Neurospora crassa. A short intron (93 base-pairs) and a long intron that is stable after excision. AB - A 3590 base-pair region of the mitochondrial genome of Neurospora crassa, including the gene for ATPase subunit 6 (oli2), has been sequenced. The oli2 gene is interrupted by two intervening sequences. The first intron, situated after the third codon of the gene, is 93 base-pairs long; two-thirds of this intron consist of a palindromic sequence. The second intron is 1370 base-pairs long and contains an extended open reading frame that is continuous and in frame with the upstream exon sequence. This intron has structural homology with most other fungal mitochondrial introns. Transcript analysis has yielded a complex pattern of RNA species and demonstrated that the second intron is quite stable after excision. An unknown reading frame (homologous to reading frames of other mitochondrial genomes) is located 1000 base-pairs upstream from the oli2 coding sequence. PMID- 6238173 TI - Depression of cellular immunity after multiple trauma in the absence of sepsis. AB - We have previously reported that severe burn injury was regularly accompanied by impaired lymphocyte responses to T cell mitogens, circulating suppressor lymphocytes, and serum factors suppressive of lymphocyte activation. However, in burned patients it was difficult to determine whether these manifestations of suppressed immunity were predictive of, or the result of, sepsis which was ubiquitous in this population. In an attempt to clarify this issue, we have studied 31 patients with multiple trauma (without burns) mean age, 31 years; average injury severity score, 22; range, 9-56; in whom sepsis was less common. Patients were tested for lymphocyte response to the T cell mitogens PHA and Con A, the percentage of circulating putative suppressor (OKT8) and helper (OKT4) T cells using monoclonal antibodies, circulating suppressor cell activity as revealed by functional assays, and serum suppression of lymphocyte activation. Patients were compared with ten normal volunteers (mean age, 32) studied simultaneously. Significant suppression (greater than 50% compared with controls) in lymphocyte responses to mitogens 1 to 5 days after injury was seen in 12 patients, was accompanied by a shift in the ratio of helper (OKT4) to suppressor (OKT8) T cells (patients, 0.96:1; normals, 1.82:1; p less than 0.01), and was followed by the appearance of significant (greater than 50%) serum suppressive activity in six of the 12 patients. Circulating suppressor cell activity as revealed by functional assays was also seen early after injury in three of 12 patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6238174 TI - Construction and properties of a ribosome-binding site mutation in gene E of phi X174 bacteriophage. AB - Oligodeoxyribonucleotide mutagenesis has been used to produce a G----A mutation at nucleotide 557 of the phi X174 genome. This changes the ribosome-binding sequence GAGG of gene E to GAAG without affecting the amino acid, glutamine, encoded by the overlapping gene D. The phi X174rb(E)557 mutant does not lyse infected Escherichia coli C and therefore results in the accumulation of a large number intracellular mature phage particles. Thus, the mutation inactivates production of the gene E lytic product, presumably by blocking translation of gene E, without affecting other phage functions. PMID- 6238177 TI - Current treatment of infection stones in high risk patients. AB - During a 12-month interval we removed struvite calculi from 20 kidneys in high risk patients, including 10 kidneys with branched stones. Endourological methods were used for primary treatment of 16 renal units and 12 (75 per cent) are free of stones. Endoscopic removal of residual stone fragments also was successful in 2 of 3 patients following a conventional open operation. The remaining stone fragments were located in isolated calices. Endourology presently is an integral component of a total therapeutic program for management of complicated patients with struvite calculi. PMID- 6238175 TI - An accessory role for Escherichia coli integration host factor: characterization of a lambda mutant dependent upon integration host factor for DNA packaging. AB - Bacteriophage lambda grows lytically on Escherichia coli defective for integration host factor, a protein involved in lambda site-specific recombination and the regulation of gene expression. We report the characterization of a mutant, lambda cos154, that, unlike wild-type lambda, is defective for growth in integration host factor-defective E. coli. The cis-dominant mutation in lambda cos154 is a single base pair change in a region of hyphenated dyad symmetry close to the lambda left cohesive end; this mutation prevents DNA packaging. We propose the following two alternative roles for this site in lambda DNA packaging: (i) to bind an E. coli accessory protein required in the absence of integration host factor or (ii) to bind the phage-encoded terminase protein that is essential for DNA packaging. PMID- 6238176 TI - Solitary lesions on bone scan in genitourinary malignancy. AB - Solitary lesions on bone scans obtained as part of metastatic diagnostic studies for genitourinary malignancy require identification as to whether they represent nonneoplastic or neoplastic disease and, if neoplastic, whether metastatic genitourinary cancer or another primary is present. Such definition requires at least plain film tomograms of the area as well as computerized tomography (for inaccessible lesions) and/or biopsy of lesions still in doubt after tomography. Of the 9 patients in our study 4 had true positive scans for metastatic disease, 3 had false positive scans, 1 had a true positive scan for a second bone primary and 1 is indeterminate, since a negative biopsy of a positive area on a bone scan was followed rapidly by the appearance of other widespread metastases. PMID- 6238178 TI - Femorofemoral bypass grafts: ten-year experience. AB - From August 1972 to September 1982, one of us (F.R.P.) performed 119 femorofemoral bypass grafts on 78 men and 35 women with an average age of 62 years. Axillofemorofemoral grafts were excluded. The 30-day operative mortality rate was 1.7% (2 of 119). The cumulative patency rates determined by the life table method were 97.4% at 30 days, 95.1% at 1 year, 83.3% at 3 years, 72.2% at 5 years, and 55% from 6 through 10 years. There were no graft failures in the 21 patients followed up for more than 6 years. There were 21 grafts at risk at 7 years, 15 at 8 years, 10 at 9 years, and four at 10 years. Donor iliac arteries were judged to be acceptable by a combination of simple analyses including physical examination, noninvasive laboratory testing, angiography, and intraoperative direct blood pressure measurements. There was no evidence of a vascular steal in any of the postoperative patients. One patient required an inflow procedure 2 years following femorofemoral grafting. Two patients required resection of an abdominal aortic aneurysm 2 and 3 years, respectively, following femorofemoral grafting. There was one early graft failure secondary to infection, and five grafts became infected at 20,29,33,46, and 62 months, respectively, following femorofemoral grafting. False aneurysm formation, diabetes, and trauma were significant factors in these infections. Initially only high-risk patients were selected as candidates for femorofemoral grafting. Because we were encouraged by the early success rate and the apparent durability of the method, the indications were broadened to include good-risk patients who met rigid criteria for femorofemoral grafting. PMID- 6238180 TI - A desktop computer to visualize the intraluminal velocity profile and its clinical application. AB - Based on our previous study that the outcome of reconstructive surgery for lower limbs could well be predicted by flow waveforms and that this state was defined by variation of wall shear stress (tau) in a cardiac cycle, we set up a desktop computer that could calculate wall shear stress in a given patient. This work is based on a principle of a computational method for simulating pulsating blood flow. The flow data from the patient are sent to the waveform analyzer, where the intraluminal velocity profile as well as the shear stress variation is demonstrated. Our study revealed no late occlusion in patients with flow waveforms over 70 dynes/cm2 in tau-variation, early graft failure in those below 20 dynes/cm2, and late occlusion in considerable numbers of patients whose waveforms were between 70 and 20 dynes/cm2. Intraoperative use of the waveform analyzer disclosed the occult cause of obstruction, which would otherwise be overlooked, leading to a remarkable decrease in the rate of immediate graft failure. Follow-up of outpatients with this approach facilitated early detection of late failure, making it possible to repair the graft with minor surgery. Use of the waveform analyzer proved superior to ankle pressure index in predicting graft failure. PMID- 6238179 TI - Prostaglandin production and platelet reactivity of small-diameter grafts. AB - This article examines the relationship of platelet deposition to thromboxane and prostacyclin (PGI2) production in arterial autografts (n = 8), para-anastomotic native artery (n = 40), nonseeded control (n = 6), and endothelial cell-seeded (n = 17) small-diameter Dacron grafts implanted in the carotid and femoral arteries of dogs. Platelet deposition was measured by a dual-isotope subtraction platelet imaging technique that expresses platelet deposition as percent indium excess (%IE). PGI2 and thromboxane assays were performed with the use of an immunoreactive assay. The %IE in the nonseeded grafts was significantly higher than in the seeded prostheses (p less than 0.001). Arterial autografts accumulated significantly less platelets than did seeded grafts (p less than 0.05) or nonseeded grafts (p less than 0.001). The thromboxane A2 (TXA2) production in nonseeded grafts was significantly higher than in seeded grafts (p less than 0.001), arterial autografts (p less than 0.001), or in para-anastomotic native artery (p less than 0.001). The PGI2 production by the arterial autografts was significantly higher than by the nonseeded grafts (p less than 0.005), seeded grafts (p less than 0.001), or para-anastomotic native artery (p less than 0.025). The PGF1 alpha/TXB2 ratio was significantly higher in the arterial autografts when compared with the nonseeded grafts (p less than 0.001), endothelial cell-seeded grafts (p less than 0.001), or para-anastomotic native artery (p less than 0.025). We conclude that platelet deposition can be significantly decreased by endothelial cell seeding of small-diameter grafts. The transmural production of TXA2 by native arteries and prosthetic grafts may have an important influence on platelet deposition and patency.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6238181 TI - Capillary blood flow: videodensitometry in the atherosclerotic patient. AB - Recently the noninvasive technique of videomicroscopy has demonstrated qualitative morphologic changes in the nutritional skin capillaries in atherosclerotic (ATS) patients. The purpose of this study is to quantitatively examine the ATS microcirculation and effects induced by reconstructive surgery. Capillary blood flow velocity (CBV) of single vessels within the nail fold of the large toe was measured by dual-sensor videodensitometry in 14 ATS patients (age 45 to 80 years) and 11 age-matched controls. In addition to CBV, capillary diameter (CD) and the number of flow-active capillaries (FC) were also measured at constant temperature. Of the 14 patients, eight had measurements repeated 1 week after reconstructive surgery. The measurements were obtained at rest and then periodically after a 45-second period of pedal inflow occlusion. Respective group averages at rest for CBV, CD, and FC for the 14 ATS patients were as follows: 0.16 mm/sec, 10.5 micron, and 6.8 capillaries per field. Corresponding values for the control subjects were 0.10 mm/sec, 8.7 micron, and 5.3 capillaries per field. Combining CBV, CD, and FC into a measurement of volume capillary flow yielded a value of 281 pl/sec/mm2 for the patients and only 85 pl/sec/mm2 for the controls (p less than 0.02). Peak postocclusion CBV significantly increased, whereas FC significantly decreased relative to rest in the control group; however, the only patient group that responded to occlusion-induced ischemia was the postoperative group. In these patients there was a decrease in CBV and an increase in FC relative to rest. These responses are exactly opposite to those in the age-matched controls.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6238182 TI - Complement activation by synthetic vascular prostheses. AB - Morphologic evaluation of synthetic grafts (both seeded and unseeded) harvested within 2 weeks of implantation has revealed heavy infiltration with polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs). Since complement-activated PMNs are known to damage endothelial cells, we hypothesized that complement activation might prove a barrier to optimal endothelial cell seeding of prosthetic grafts. To determine whether synthetic vascular prostheses activate complement and whether the type of graft material influences the degree of activation, we assayed the plasma of 10 healthy donors for complement activity following incubation with short segments of knitted Dacron and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) graft material. C5a generation was measured by radioimmunoassay and granulocyte aggregometry. Standard hemolytic assays were used to determine depletion of functional classical pathway (CH50 and C4) alternative pathway (APH50) activity. Results indicated substantial complement activation by Dacron and virtually none by PTFE. Activation by Dacron appeared to occur via both complement pathways. Such complement "reactivity" may have important implications for the performance of prosthetic materials as small-caliber vascular grafts, whether seeded with endothelial cells or not. PMID- 6238183 TI - Aspirin therapy in small-caliber arterial prostheses: long-term experimental observations. AB - To study the therapeutic effects of 3 mg/kg aspirin given at the time of surgery and postoperatively, Dacron carotid grafts with an internal diameter of 4 mm and a length of 6 cm were implanted bilaterally in mongrel dogs. Sixteen control grafts in eight subjects and 20 grafts in 10 subjects treated with aspirin were followed by serial angiograms until consecutive studies showed stable patency rates in both groups. Platelet aggregations, malondialdehyde production, serum salicylate levels, and thromboxane A2 and prostacyclin secretion (measured as thromboxane B2 and 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha) were monitored prior to and throughout the experiment. Surface mapping, indium-111 uptake, factor VIII related antigen staining, and scanning and transmission electron microscopy were performed on the grafts at sacrifice. This study demonstrates a protective effect on the early patency of small-caliber prostheses in the canine model with daily oral aspirin administration. The degree and duration of this effect depends on the preoperative baseline ratio of thromboxane to prostacyclin in each subject. PMID- 6238184 TI - Endothelial cell-seeded four-millimeter Dacron vascular grafts. PMID- 6238185 TI - Neurologic deficit following gastric partitioning: possible role of thiamine. AB - Gastric partitioning has been proposed as an alternative to jejunoileal bypass for the control of morbid obesity because of the relative ease of performance and the lack of metabolic complications. From our series of 250 patients who underwent gastric partitioning, one of them developed a neurologic syndrome consistent with Wernicke's disease. The clinical findings were characterized by ataxia, confusion, impaired extra-ocular movements with diplopia, and weakness. A second patient with a similar condition was referred to us for evaluation and treatment. Pretreatment thiamine levels were normal in one case and revealed thiamine deficiency in the second. The study group of 15 patients had thiamine and red cell transketolase levels determined before, 6 wk, and 1 yr after gastric partitioning. A significant drop in values was seen at 6 wk postoperatively. Gastric partitioning is a safe and effective alternative to jejunoileal bypass in the control of morbid obesity. However, severe permanent neurologic deficits, probably related to thiamine deficiency, may occur. PMID- 6238186 TI - [A comparative study of idiopathic mucinosis follicularis and a symptomatic type associated with mycosis fungoides--with an observation on T cell subsets]. PMID- 6238187 TI - [An electron microscopic study of oleic acid-induced comedones]. PMID- 6238188 TI - [Clinical evaluation of stress fractures using bone scintigraphy]. PMID- 6238189 TI - [Nursing care of the patient with triple handicaps]. PMID- 6238190 TI - Clinical evaluation of schizophyllan adjuvant immunochemotherapy for patients with resectable gastric cancer--a randomized controlled trial. AB - Adjuvant immunochemotherapy using Schizophyllan (SPG), an extract from the culture broth of Schizophyllum commune Fries, was prescribed at random for 326 Japanese patients with resectable gastric cancer. The overall survival rates for 3 years did not differ between the SPG and control groups. In 62 patients with stage I gastric cancer and 67 with stage II, there was little difference in the 3 year survival rates. The survival rates for 100 patients with stage III were enhanced at p = 0.0811 in the SPG group, as compared to the controls. The survival rates in 97 patients with stage IV cancer were much the same. These results warrant further application of this immunopotentiating drug for treating patients with resectable gastric cancer. PMID- 6238191 TI - The significance of relationship of the presence of nonspecific suppressor cells in spleens with gastric cancer-related pathology. AB - Lymphocyte-rich mononuclear cells (MC) were prepared from spleens removed at the time of surgery for gastric cancer and the suppressor cell activity on autochthonous peripheral blood lymphocyte (PBL) responses to PHA-P and Con A was assessed. Suppressor cell activity of MC on PBL responses to at least one mitogen, either PHA-P or Con A, was observed in 52 percent (11/21) of the gastric tissues studied. MC of patients with stage IV disease appeared to exhibit the highest frequency of the presence of the activity. MC of patients with cancer with microscopically proven metastasis to group 2 lymph nodes or to more distant lymph nodes were preponderant in showing the activity. MC of patients with cancer occupying the greater curvature or the entire circumference of the stomach were also preponderant in the activity. The implications of these findings are discussed. PMID- 6238192 TI - Enzyme histochemical studies on bovine leukemia cells. PMID- 6238193 TI - Chronic toxicity of methylmercury chloride in rats: pathological study. PMID- 6238194 TI - Mucopolysaccharides in plasma and urine of fattening cattle affected with laminitis. PMID- 6238195 TI - [Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: variants of the clinical picture]. AB - The authors describe a variety of the clinical manifestations of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HTCM) and identify the most frequent variants of its clinical picture, namely pseudocoronary, pseudorheumatic, dystonic. A number of symptoms and their combinations indicative of the presence of the HTCM are also described. The key role of echocardiography in the diagnosis of this disease was demonstrated. The syndrome of giant negative T waves was observed in 35% of the patients with the HTCM; this syndrome was shown to correlate with the predominance of hypertrophy in the apical area. A correlation was established between the echocardiographic signs of impairment of the diastolic pliability of the left ventricle and the presence of circulatory failure. The authors discuss the role of myocardial ischemia in the genesis of pains and ECG changes in patients with the HTCM as well as the significance of research into the myocardial metabolism in the diagnosis of myocardial ischemia in this category of patients. PMID- 6238196 TI - [Experience with the treatment of patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with obsidan and isoptin]. AB - Forty-five patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy were examined clinically and echocardiographically. The results of their treatment with obsidan and isoptin in relation to various types of central hemodynamic disorders are presented. The data have been obtained making it possible to treat patients differentially with regard to the form of the disease. The treatment of this category of patients requires the echocardiographic monitoring of the parameters of the central hemodynamics and myocardial contractility. PMID- 6238197 TI - [Contractile function of the myocardium of the left ventricle in patients with isolated lesions of the aortic valve]. AB - Seventy-five patients (aged 17-53) with an isolated lesion to the aortal valve have been examined. The study of correlations between clinico-instrumental and angiocardiographic findings has shown that the isotonic overload of the left ventricle as against the isometric one causes more pronounced changes in the contractility of the left ventricular myocardium which are expressed in an increased heart volume, the development of electrocardiographic manifestations of the left ventricular overload, a considerable enhancement in the myocardium weight and in the residual and end diastolic volumes of the left ventricle. The value of the gradient of the systolic pressure in patients with isolated aortal ostium stenosis determines the intensity of myocardial alterations. In patients with aortal valve insufficiency, the value of the pulse pressure is directly correlated with the myocardial state. The contractile function of the left ventricular myocardium in patients with combined cardiac aortal disease is dependent on the predominance of isotonic or isometric overloads of the left ventricle. PMID- 6238198 TI - [Acute cholecystitis as a problem in geriatric surgery]. PMID- 6238200 TI - [Technic for laparoscopic microhepatocholecystostomy]. PMID- 6238199 TI - [Role of recording local respiratory fluctuations of the anterior abdominal wall in acute cholecystitis]. PMID- 6238201 TI - [Method of dynamic laparoscopy]. PMID- 6238202 TI - [Retinal surgery: fixation of the macular seal]. AB - In five patients suffering from retinal detachment resulting from macular holes, simple fixation of the macular Silastic sponge implant by means of Dacron reinforced silicone sheeting was employed. The retinal reattached in all cases. PMID- 6238203 TI - [Electrocardiographic criteria of myocardial hyperfunction in the right segment of the heart]. PMID- 6238204 TI - [Alvarez's syndrome]. PMID- 6238205 TI - [Lecturing at the Institute for Continuing Medical Education]. PMID- 6238206 TI - Origin of the rat mesangial phagocyte and its expression of the leukocyte common antigen. AB - We have previously characterized a subpopulation of cells in the rat glomerular mesangium that are phagocytic, display Ia antigens, and stimulate lymphocytes. We now report that total-body irradiation induces a progressive loss of the Ia+ mesangial cells, which is complete by 3 days. Experiments utilizing kidney shielding and in vitro exposure to irradiation have established that the effect is not mediated via radiation sensitivity of the mesangial phagocyte. Transplantation of syngeneic bone marrow cells results in a restoration of Ia+ mesangial cells in 3 weeks, establishing their extrarenal origin. Employing monoclonal antibodies to rat leukocyte common (LC) antigen, we have quantified a larger population of mesangial phagocytes; the Ia+ cells are a subset of the glomerular LC+ cells. In tissue culture, anti-LC antibody labels 100% of the phagocytic cells obtained from perfused glomeruli. Ultrastructural analysis, utilizing immunoperoxidase techniques, has localized the LC+ cell to the glomerular mesangium. PMID- 6238207 TI - Modulation of Ia and leukocyte common antigen expression in rat glomeruli during the course of glomerulonephritis and aminonucleoside nephrosis. AB - We have investigated changes in the glomerular expression of two antigens, Ia and leukocyte common (LC) antigens, during the course of two models of glomerular injury in the rat. Acute glomerulonephritis induced by nephrotoxic, antiglomerular basement membrane antiserum is accompanied by a 3-fold increase in the number of glomerular cells expressing Ia and LC antigens. Acquisition of the Ia+ phenotype appears to occur in LC+ monocytes that have assumed subendothelial and intramesangial positions. Enhanced Ia expression is seen over a wide range of proteinuria. Decomplementation prior to nephrotoxic, antiglomerular basement membrane anti-serum administration abrogates both the proteinuria and the increased Ia expression; an increase in cells expressing LC antigen still occurs. The chronic phase of nephrotoxic, antiglomerular basement membrane antiserum induced glomerulonephritis is associated with a persistent increase in glomerular Ia+ cells residing primarily in the mesangium. In the glomerulopathy induced by the aminonucleoside of puromycin, there are two phases of glomerular Ia modulation. In the first week, there is a decrease in Ia expression by LC+ cells. The second week is marked by infiltration by monocytes and an increase in Ia expression by both resident and infiltrating cells. Modulation of the Ia phenotype on resident and infiltrating marrow-derived cells carries implications with respect to the immunologic pathogenesis of both models of glomerular injury. PMID- 6238208 TI - A nursing care plan for the handicapped student. AB - The purpose of this paper is to encourage school nurses to document the nursing process when caring for the handicapped student. When the nursing process is properly documented, the result is the nursing care plan. This care plan identifies the diagnosed health needs and defines, in behavioral terms, the goals and interventions designed to meet those needs. A nursing care plan serves a three-fold purpose: 1) It provides a framework to bring students to their maximum health potential; 2) It is applicable to the federally-mandated Individualized Education Plan (IEP) because both are written with behavioral, student-centered goals, and interventions; and 3) It demonstrates a clearly defined and essential role of the school nurse with the handicapped student. This paper presents the current concept of the nursing process and concludes with an example of the nursing care plan. PMID- 6238209 TI - Steroid hormone receptors in normal and malignant human renal tissue: relationship with progestin therapy. AB - Documented hormone dependence of renal tumors in animal models, hypothetical hormonal environment of human kidney neoplasms and their controversial response to endocrine therapy prompted us to undertake a prospective multicentric cooperative study to evaluate the hormone-dependence/responsiveness of renal tumors. Patients with renal carcinoma were stratified according to the TNM classification and after nephrectomy were treated with high-dose medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA). Specimens of tumor and healthy surrounding kidney tissue were studied for titration of steroid receptor proteins (78 for androgen, AR, 89 for estrogen, ER, and progestin, PgR). Their true receptor nature was estimated. Very low titers (on an average less than 10 fmol/mg protein) were found, especially for ER and PgR in neoplastic samples. Occurrence rate of AR was low for both tissues (less than 20%), whereas ER and PgR were detected at a higher frequency in healthy parenchyma than in tumor tissue (42.2 vs 23.3% and 30.7 vs 11.2%, respectively). AR was moderately affected by metastatic status of the disease and by sex. All three steroid receptors were simultaneously detected in normal tissue in 11.7% of cases and in tumor tissue in only 3.8%. No significant correlation between receptor status in the tumor and clinical response to hormone therapy was found. In 27 cases who received adjuvant MPA therapy, relapses were respectively 43.8 and 18.2% in the patients with negative receptors or with at least one detectable receptor. In metastatic renal carcinoma, stabilization of the disease with MPA was achieved more frequently in receptor-negative patients. Therefore, we conclude that the receptor assay is not a valid tool to select renal carcinoma patients for therapy with MPA. PMID- 6238210 TI - Modulation of aldosterone receptors in rat kidney: effects of steroid treatment and potassium diet. AB - The numbers of type I and type II aldosterone receptors in the kidney cytosol of adrenalectomized rats were estimated after animals were treated with various steroids, or fed with high or low potassium diets. Oestradiol and 5 beta-pregnane 3,20 dione, which exhibited no affinity for aldosterone receptors, did not modify the levels of type I or type II receptors. Cortisol, corticosterone, progesterone and spirolactones, which all competed with aldosterone for both types of receptor, reduced the number of type I sites, as does aldosterone itself. Steroid treatment has no appreciable effect on type II receptors. We conclude that type I receptors are modulated by steroids able to bind to aldosterone receptors and that steroid-receptor interaction is an essential step in the receptor modulation process. The effects of potassium on aldosterone receptor modulation were tested in adrenalectomized rats on hypo- or hyperkalaemic diets. No change in receptor levels was observed in the rats on a low potassium diet, but the number of type I receptors increased in animals on a high potassium diet. However, the effects of potassium on receptor modulation were of lesser magnitude than those of aldosterone agonists and antagonists. PMID- 6238211 TI - Late surgical results for ischemic mitral regurgitation. Role of wall motion score and severity of regurgitation. AB - The indication for concomitant valve operations for ischemic mitral regurgitation is examined in 120 consecutive patients with regurgitation who had coronary bypass. Ischemic mitral regurgitation was mild in 56%, moderate in 18%, and severe in 27%. Compared with patients without mitral regurgitation who underwent coronary bypass, significantly more patients with regurgitation had cardiomegaly (31% versus 5%), left heart failure (42% versus 6%), and abnormal wall motion scores (71% versus 42%). Eighty-three patients (69%) with ischemic mitral regurgitation had coronary bypass alone and 37 (31%) also had a valve operation. All patients with mild ischemic mitral regurgitation were treated by coronary bypass alone, as compared to 67% with moderate and 6% with severe regurgitation. Operative mortalities for mild, moderate, and severe ischemic mitral regurgitation were 4%, 10%, and 38%, respectively; 5 year survival rates were 82%, 60%, and 48%, respectively. Other significant determinants of survival were wall motion score, shock, cardiomegaly, left heart failure, and acute and multiple myocardial infarctions. Patients with mild ischemic mitral regurgitation and a low wall motion score (n = 40) had a 5 year survival rate of 94%. For patients with either moderate/severe regurgitation (n = 27) or a high wall motion score (n = 25), but not both, the 5 year survival rate was 70%. In 20 patients with both a high wall motion score and moderate/severe regurgitation, it was 33%. An additive detrimental effect is apparent. The change from mild to moderate/severe ischemic mitral regurgitation was equivalent to an increase of about 8 wall motion score units in terms of effect on survival. Ischemic mitral regurgitation is a powerful additive risk factor to wall motion score in coronary bypass. Mild regurgitation is best managed by coronary bypass alone. If regurgitation is moderate, it may still be possible to avoid a valve operation and have acceptable results. Severe ischemic mitral regurgitation usually necessitates coronary bypass and a mitral valve operation. PMID- 6238212 TI - Coronary artery bypass for unsuccessful percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. AB - Of 518 consecutive patients undergoing percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty for 571 coronary lesions, 184 eventually underwent coronary artery bypass because of angioplasty failure. Delayed coronary bypass (1 week to 19 months) was done in 27 patients with no deaths. Immediate bypass was done in 87 patients with two deaths, both of which were caused by further dissection of the artery after angioplasty. Urgent bypass was required in 63 patients who were in unstable condition because of ischemia on the electrocardiogram (52 patients), unrelieved angina (57 patients), or hypotension (13 patients). There was one death in this group. In the remaining seven patients, urgent coronary bypass was done because of cardiac arrest (three deaths). Myocardial complications occurred in 23 of the 70 unstable patients, including the seven patients with cardiac arrest. There were only eight completed myocardial infarctions in the 70 unstable patients and a completed myocardial infarction rate of 11 of 184 (6.0%) overall. In the 10 patients in whom extracorporeal circulation was established within 25 minutes of myocardial insult, mortality and myocardial complications were completely avoided. The remaining patients in the urgent group were placed on cardiopulmonary bypass within 26 to 300 minutes (mean 82 minutes). Operative mortality (3.3%), completed myocardial infarction (6.0%), myocardial infarction in unstable patients (32.9%), postoperative hemorrhage (5.0%), and sternal problems (2.8%) were all significantly different from those in 3,500 consecutive coronary bypasses not following angioplasty, that were done in 1982. PMID- 6238213 TI - Metabolic effects of fructose diphosphate in hypoxic and ischemic states. AB - A number of methods have been used to protect organ systems and cells from the ravages of ischemia and hypoxia. Some have attempted to reduce the metabolic needs, such as by hypothermia, cardioplegia, and slow calcium channel blockers. Others have attempted to provide the metabolic needs, such as by cold blood cardioplegia and solutions of readily metabolized substrates. Our work has centered on the use of fructose 1-6-diphosphate, which can be used anaerobically after glycolysis has been stopped by the effects of anoxia and acidosis. Fructose diphosphate has proved effective experimentally in ameliorating the effects of local and global ischemia of the heart. It has also been found to be of value in many hypoxic or ischemic states including traumatic, septic, endotoxic, and hypovolemic shock. The rationale and a survey of preliminary results are presented. PMID- 6238214 TI - Regulatory activity of neoplastic T cells in Sezary syndrome on in vitro immunoglobulin production. AB - Functional activities and surface markers of the neoplastic T cells of three patients with Sezary syndrome were studied and compared with the functional activities of OKT4+ and OKT8+ T-cell subsets from healthy donors. The neoplastic T cells of the patients had the following marker phenotype: OKT1+3+4+6-8-11+17+I1 M1-3A1-. In contrast to healthy donor OKT4+ T cells, none of the neoplastic T cells had significant helper activity on pokeweed-mitogen-driven Ig synthesis. In one patient the neoplastic T cells suppressed pokeweed-mitogen-driven Ig synthesis. The suppression by the patient cells did not require the presence of radiosensitive OKT4+ suppressor-inducer cells in the culture. It is concluded that OKT4+8-3A1- neoplastic T cells from Sezary-syndrome patients lacking helper activity are more common than previously thought and that in some cases the OKT4+8-3A1- Sezary cells can mediate suppressor activity. PMID- 6238215 TI - [Patient education in daily living activities for prevention of backache--in nursing of an aged patient with stenosis of the lumbar spinal canal]. PMID- 6238217 TI - Current concepts in the diagnosis and treatment of musculotendinous injuries. AB - A strain, by definition, is a stretching or tearing of a musculotendinous unit. The degree of disability associated with this injury is dictated by the location and severity of the injury and the specific needs of the patient. A strain can be arbitrarily classified as first, second, or third degree. A first-degree strain consists of minimal stretching of the musculotendinous unit without permanent injury; a second-degree strain indicates partial tearing of the musculotendinous unit; and a third-degree strain indicates complete disruption of a portion of this unit. Swelling, bleeding, and localized discomfort accompany the injury which may produce temporary disability. Initial treatment following an acute strain should consist of the use of ice, immobilization of the musculotendinous unit, and subsequent rehabilitation. Depending on the degree of disability and the specific structure injured, surgery may be indicated. Rehabilitation to a normal state following the initial healing phase is required prior to return to athletic competition. PMID- 6238216 TI - Effect of thoracoabdominal configuration on the diaphragmatic contribution to rib cage motion. PMID- 6238218 TI - Sequential treatment of Paget's disease with human calcitonin and dichloromethylene diphosphonate (Cl2MDP). AB - Dichloromethylene diphosphonate (Cl2MDP), a powerful inhibitor of bone resorption, was given (daily dose: 500 mg i.v. for 2 months and then 1600 mg p.o.) to five patients with Paget's disease after 8 months treatment with 50-100 MRC u/day of human calcitonin (CT). During treatment with CT plasma alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and urinary hydroxyproline (HOP) levels fell to about 60% of pretreatment values within the first 2 months in all the patients. Cl2MDP therapy resulted in a further drop of urinary HOP to 20% of baseline values, while serum ALP rose impressively during the first 2 weeks of therapy and then slowly fell to 25% of baseline values. We conclude that Cl2MDP can induce a further biochemical response after the so-called plateau phenomenon to CT and that it may represent the therapy of choice for severe Paget's disease. PMID- 6238219 TI - Dichloromethylene diphosphonate (Cl2MDP) reduces natural killer (NK) cell activity in mice. AB - Daily administration of dichloromethylene diphosphonate (Cl2MDP) to (C57BL/6 X DBA/2) F1 hybrid mice, from two days of age (10 mg of P/kg body weight), resulted in a marked impairment of natural killer (NK) activity of spleen cells against YAC-1 lymphoma cells. The suppressive effect increased with the duration of the treatment. Cessation of the treatment led to a rapid recovery (in 2 weeks) of NK activity while the osteopetrotic bone lesions persisted. Thus, the loss of natural killing cannot be explained by the simple reduction of bone marrow volume secondary to Cl2MDP-induced osteopetrosis. However, as NK cells are considered to be dependent on the bone marrow because they cannot be sustained by extramedullary production, a direct effect of Cl2MDP on the generation of NK cell precursors by the bone marrow was not excluded. Cl2MDP was not directly toxic to the fully differentiated splenic NK cells, since the addition of Cl2MDP to the in vitro assay (10(-5)-10 micrograms/ml) did not reduce cytotoxicity. These studies suggest that impairment of NK activity during Cl2MDP treatment may have clinical toxicologic implications since NK cells have been suggested to play an important role in natural host defenses against infection and neoplasia. PMID- 6238220 TI - Enzymatic methylation and demethylation of protein-bound lysine residues. PMID- 6238221 TI - S beta-(2-histidyl)cysteine: properties, assay, and occurrence. PMID- 6238222 TI - Application of phage lambda technology to Salmonella typhimurium. Construction of a lambda-sensitive Salmonella strain. AB - We have previously constructed a novel strain of S. typhimurium carrying the E. coli lamB gene and shown that this strain adsorbs phage lambda and, for example, can be used for transposon mutagenesis with lambda vectors. In this study, we show that this strain can support the lytic growth of phage lambda nin derivatives, but not growth of wild-type lambda. However, lysogenization with lambda nin does not occur. Using this strain as starting material we took the construction one step further by introducing the E. coli nusA gene in a multicopy plasmid to this strain. We could show that this new Salmonella derivative can support both the lytic and lysogenic mode of growth of several different lambda derivatives. Using the same approach it should be possible to construct lambda sensitive derivatives of other enteric bacteria thus rendering them more amenable to in vivo genetic manipulation. PMID- 6238223 TI - An integration-proficient int mutant of bacteriophage lambda. AB - We have isolated and characterized a novel int mutant of phage lambda. This mutant promotes efficient recombination between the phage and bacterial attachment sites, but, unlike wild type, does not promote efficient recombination of any other pair of attachment sites tested in most conditions. In particular, recombination between two phage or two prophage attachment sites is poor relative to the wild type frequency. We attribute this unusual phenotype to differences in the distribution of int protein binding sites among different attachment sites (Ross and Landy 1982, 1983). We suggest that int protein molecules bound to one of two recombining DNAs interact with empty sites or with bound proteins on the other, and that the mutant protein acts efficiently only if the distribution of protein binding sites within the two attachment sites is that of the attP-attB pair. Similar discrimination among attachment site pairs by wild type int protein may also modulate recombination frequencies. PMID- 6238225 TI - Prophage lambda induction caused by mini-F plasmid genes. AB - When bacterial cells harboring a temperature-sensitive replication plasmid, which carries the particular ccd segment (coupled cell division) containing the ccdA and ccdB genes of a mini-F plasmid, are transferred to 42 degrees C, cell division is inhibited after incubation for an appropriate time. The inhibition occurs, when the copy number of the plasmid decreases to become critically low, about one per cell (Ogura and Hiraga 1983b). In lambda phage lysogens carrying this type of plasmid, the prophage is induced in a small portion of the cell population under the same conditions, in addition to the inhibition of cell division in most of cells. The prophage induction, but not the inhibition of normal cell division, depends on normal recA function. Both induction of prophage and inhibition of cell division are suppressed by the simultaneous presence of a replication proficient plasmid carrying the ccdA gene. We discuss molecular mechanisms of the ccd function that couples host cell division to plasmid proliferation and induces the prophage. Additionally, we propose a hypothesis that the ccd mechanism of F plasmid contributes to indirect induction of prophage lambda by an F plasmid damaged by UV-irradiation and then introduced into a lysogen via conjugation. PMID- 6238224 TI - Restoration of RecA protein activity by genetic complementation. AB - Bacteria carrying either recA430 or recA453-441 mutations are sensitive to UV irradiation since they amplify the synthesis of RecA protein either poorly or not at all. We show here that, in a recA453-441 (recA430) heterodiploid, UV resistance and amplification of RecA430 protein were restored, indicating that the cellular level of RecA-associated protease activity was high enough to inactivate LexA repressor. Prophage 434 repressor was also extensively inactivated, whereas RecA430 protein alone cannot cleave this substrate. On the other hand, during growth of the recA453-441(recA430) heterodiploid at 42 degrees C in the presence of adenine, a treatment activating only RecA441 protein, RecA441 protease activity was as high as in a recA441 haploid. In contrast, following this inducing treatment, there was no complementation between RecA441 and RecA+ proteins in a recA453-441(recA+) heterodiploid. These results indicate that multimerization of RecA protein molecules results in a functional interaction that, in some combination between RecA protein subunits, may enhance RecA-associated protease activity. PMID- 6238227 TI - Vitamin C in the treatment of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). AB - My previous experience with the utilization of ascorbic acid in the treatment of viral diseases led me to hypothesize that ascorbate would be of value in the treatment of AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome). Preliminary clinical evidence is that massive doses of ascorbate (50-200 grams per 24 hours) can suppress the symptoms of the disease and can markedly reduce the tendency for secondary infections. In combination with usual treatments for the secondary infections, large doses of ascorbate will often produce a clinical remission which shows every evidence of being prolonged if treatment is continued. This clinical remission is achieved despite continuing laboratory evidence of helper T cell suppression. There may be a complete or partial destruction of the helper T cells during an initial infection that does not necessitate a continuing toxicity from some source to maintain a permanent or prolonged helper T-cell suppression. However, it is possible ascorbate may prevent that destruction if used adequately during that prodrome period. Emphasis is put upon the recognition and treatment of the frequent intestinal parasites. Food and chemical sensitivities occur frequently in the AID syndrome and may aggravate symptoms considered to be part of the AID syndrome. A topical C-paste has been found very effective in the treatment of herpes simplex and, to a lesser extent, in the treatment of some Kaposi's lesions. Increasingly, clinical research on other methods of treating AIDS is being "contaminated" by patients taking ascorbate. PMID- 6238226 TI - Overproduction, purification and characterization of the F traT protein. AB - A lambda transducing phage (ED lambda 110) which carries the sex factor F surface exclusion genes, traS and traT, was characterized by both genetic and physiochemical techniques. The transducing segment consists of 5.2 kilobases of F tra DNA, and carries the carboxy-terminal one-half of the upstream traG gene, as well as traS, traT, and the adjacent downstream gene traD. These tra proteins could be identified in infected UV-irradiated cells, and the major part of their synthesis was found to occur from the phage's late promoter pR' under Q control. Lysogens for ED lambda 110 were induced and found to greatly overproduce the traT gene product (TraTp), an outer membrane protein normally found in about 20,000 copies per cell, to levels which exceeded the major outer membrane proteins. This led to the development of a simple purification procedure for TraTp, the most important step of which was the construction of an appropriate ompB derivative to eliminate the major outer membrane porin proteins, which have several physical properties in common with TraTp. Purified TraTp was added to mixtures of donor and recipient cells and found to inhibit mating. The specificity of this assay was demonstrated by using an R100-1 donor, which responds to a heterologous surface exclusion system, and by using an altered TraTp containing a missense amino acid substitution. A mechanism by which TraTp mediates surface exclusion is proposed. PMID- 6238228 TI - Epidural Depo-Medrol revisited. PMID- 6238229 TI - [Tumor-specific cytotoxicity of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) induced with TCGF in murine mammary carcinoma]. AB - A medullary carcinoma with lymphocytic infiltration is associated with relatively good prognosis following radical mastectomy in breast cancer. This suggests that tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) play an important role in the immunological resistance of the host against cancer. The cytotoxic activities of TIL in murine mammary carcinoma SC42 and SC115 of syngeneic DS mice were assessed with 51Cr release assay in this study. The tumor masses were minced and trypsinized, and lymphoid cell rich fraction was separated with Percoll discontinuous gradient centrifugation. During 10 days culture with T cell growth factor (TCGF) obtained from Con A stimulated rat spleen cells, the tumor cells were collapsed and lymphocytes were expanded. The cultured TIL from SC42 tumor had stronger cytotoxicity against SC42 tumor cells than the cultured TIL from SC115 tumor and the cultured spleen cells of SC42 tumor bearer, and the cultured TIL from SC115 tumor showed predominant activity against SC115 tumor cells. Nonspecific cytotoxic activity and natural killer (NK) activity of these TIL were weaker than the cultured spleen cells. The culture of the spleen cells with the tumor cells and TCGF failed to induce tumor-specific cytotoxic lymphocytes. Moreover, the tumor-specific cytotoxicity was reduced by the treatment of anti thy-1, 2 and complement, and NK activity was reduced by the treatment of anti-asialo GM1 and complement. These results indicate that the tumor-specific cytotoxicity is latent in the T cell population of TIL and is induced by the culture with TCGF. PMID- 6238230 TI - Distinctions between ligand-binding sites for [3H]dopamine and D2 dopaminergic receptors characterized with [3H]spiroperidol. AB - The binding of [3H]Hspiroperidol to D2 dopaminergic receptors in rat striatum was compared to the binding of [3H]dopamine to its binding sites. Both radioligands labeled apparently homogeneous populations of high affinity, stereoselective, saturable sites, determined from analysis of saturation isotherms. [3H]Spiroperidol bound to more than twice as many sites as [3H]dopamine, and antagonist/[3H]spiroperidol competition data were consistent with a single population of receptors. Antipsychotic drugs competed with both high and low affinities for two fractions of [3H]dopamine-binding sites, but for most drugs, their potencies at even the high affinity component were significantly less than their affinities at D2 receptors. The [3H]dopamine-binding sites were altered by kainic acid lesions of the striatum, phenoxybenzamine treatment of tissue homogenates, or reserpine pretreatment of rats. These changes were different from previous reports of alterations in either D2 or D1 dopaminergic receptors. These and other differences in binding properties suggest that [3H]dopamine binds to sites distinct from either D1 or D2 receptors. PMID- 6238231 TI - Further characterization of structural requirements for agonists at the striatal dopamine D2 receptor and a comparison with those at the striatal dopamine D1 receptor. Studies with a series of monohydroxyaminotetralins on acetylcholine release from rat striatum. AB - A series of phenolic hydroxy-2-aminotetralins with either a primary or a tertiary (N,N-di-n-propylated) amino group was investigated on electrically evoked acetylcholine release from striatal slices of reserpinized rats, a dopamine (DA) D2 receptor model. 7-Hydroxy-2-aminotetralin (7-OH-AT) was found to be the most active inhibitor among the primary amines, whereas 5-hydroxy-2-(N,N dipropylamino)tetralin (5-OH-DPAT) was the most potent compound among the tertiary amines; in the 7-OH series, the activity resided in the (2R) enantiomers, in contrast to the 5-OH series, where the (2S)-enantiomers represented the effective form. A similar structure-activity pattern was earlier found for the same series of DA agonists at the striatal DA D1 receptor. Differences between the effects of the compounds at the two DA receptor subtypes concerned the N,N-dipropyl substitution which influenced the D2 activity much more pronouncedly, and an added 6-OH group (i.e., a catechol function), which seemed to be of foremost importance at the D1 site. These results suggest two similar major binding sites for the DA receptor subtypes, but differences with respect to additional binding sites. According to this model, DA would interact with both DA receptor subtypes in the beta-rotamer conformation; however, N,N dipropylation similarly should cause a change in preferred conformation toward the alpha-rotamer form. The potency with respect to acetylcholine release correlated with [3H] spiroperidol binding, but not with [3H]DA binding, confirming that the former binding involves the active site of the D2 receptor. PMID- 6238233 TI - Quantitative muscle biopsy analysis. PMID- 6238234 TI - Regulation of hepatocyte proliferation. The feed-back system of hepatopoietin. AB - After partial hepatectomy the low proliferation rate of hepatocytes increases dramatically. This is based on a feed-back system whose central link is a liver cell proliferation hormon, the so-called hepatopoietin. The hormon originates from the Peyer's patches: after their resection, the liver cell proliferation after partial hepatectomy decreases by about 80%. Hepatopoietin effects organ specific but species nonspecific. PMID- 6238235 TI - 8-Hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino) tetralin is devoid of activity at the 5 hydroxytryptamine autoreceptor in rat brain. Implications for the proposed link between the autoreceptor and the [3H] 5-HT recognition site. AB - Experiments have been carried out to provide direct evidence for the proposed presynaptic 5-HT autoreceptor agonist activity of 8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino) tetralin (8-OH-DPAT) a compound with selectivity for the 5-HT1A subtype of the 5 HT1 binding site. Rat brain frontal cortex slices were preincubated with [3H] 5 hydroxytryptamine and continuously stimulated with Krebs solution containing paroxetine and elevated K+ ions (25 mmol/l). The elevated efflux of tritium caused by exposure to K+ Krebs was inhibited in a dose related manner by 5 hydroxytryptamine and this inhibition was attenuated in the presence of quipazine and methiothepin. In slices of the rat frontal cortex, 8-OH-DPAT was without agonist or antagonist activity at the 5-HT autoreceptor at concentrations up to 1 mmol/l. Higher concentrations caused an increase in basal efflux of tritium. 8-OH DPAT (1 mumol/l) was also without inhibitory activity in the piriform cortex, striatum and the hippocampus. These experiments have therefore failed to provide direct evidence for agonist activity of 8-OH-DPAT at the 5-HT autoreceptor and alternative explanations must be sought for its biochemical and behavioural effects in vivo. Moreover, the fact that 8-OH-DPAT is inactive at the autoreceptor at concentrations selective for the 5-HT1A recognition site suggests that this subtype of the 5-HT1 binding site may not correspond to the 5-HT autoreceptor. PMID- 6238232 TI - Mg2+ induces a sharp and reversible transition in U1 and U2 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein configurations. AB - When U1 and U2 small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs) purified by a procedure which preserves their immunoprecipitability by autoimmune antibodies (Hinterberger et al., J. Biol. Chem. 258:2604-2613, 1983), were submitted to extensive digestion with micrococcal nuclease, we found that their degradation pattern was sharply dependent upon magnesium concentration, indicating that they undergo a profound structural modification. At low Mg2+ (less than or equal to 5 mM), both particles only exhibit a core-resistant structure previously identified as being common to all but U6 snRNAs (Liautard et al., J. Mol. Biol. 162: 623 643, 1982). At high Mg2+ (greater than or equal to 7 mM), U1 and U2 snRNPs behave differently from one another. In U1 snRNP, most U1 snRNA sequence is protected, except for the 10 5'-terminal nucleotides presumably involved in splicing and a short sequence between nucleotides 102 and 108. Another region spanning nucleotides 60 to 79 is only weakly protected. This structural modification was demonstrated to be reversible. In U2 snRNP, the U2 snRNA sequence remains exposed in its 5' part up to nucleotide 92, and the 3'-terminal hairpin located outside the core structure becomes protected. PMID- 6238237 TI - [Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty]. PMID- 6238236 TI - [Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty in 500 patients]. PMID- 6238238 TI - Development of human fetal muscles: a comparative histochemical analysis of the psoas and the quadriceps muscles. AB - The development of human muscle can be divided into three distinct phases on the basis of the enzyme histochemistry (Dubowitz 1965). On the other hand, muscles can be classified into trunk muscles innervated by the motoneurons in the anteromedial nucleus of the anterior horn and limb muscles innervated by those of the lateral nucleus. We compared histochemically the development of the psoas muscle as a trunk muscle with the quadriceps. Four legally aborted fetuses and sixteen autopsied preterm or full-term infants with conceptional ages ranging from sixteen to fourty-two weeks, served as subjects. Serial crossly cut frozen sections of the psoas and the quadriceps were stained with HE, modified Gomori trichrome, NADH-TR, myofibrillar ATPase (routine, preincubation at pH 4.6, 4.3), and analyzed quantitatively. In the psoas and the quadriceps, all muscles consisted of undifferentiated type IIC fibers before the eighteenth week of gestation. Type I fiber began to appear around the eighteenth week in both muscles. Before the thirtieth week, both muscles comprised a great number of smaller type IIC fibers and scattered large type I fibers. The psoas had already a little more type I fibers than the quadriceps in this phase. After the thirtieth week, the percentage of type I fibers increased greatly to about 50% at term in the psoas, gradually to 20-23% at term in the quadriceps. Type IIA and IIB fibers appeared suddenly around the thirty-seventh week. Total percentage of these two type fibers increased at term to about 50% and 70% in the psoas and the quadriceps, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6238239 TI - Characterization of high affinity binding sites for vasopressin in bovine adrenal medulla. AB - A crude membrane fraction prepared from bovine adrenal medulla bound tritium labeled arginine-vasopressin (3H-AVP) in a time and temperature dependent manner. Physiological concentrations of Mg2+ (1-3 mmol/l) were required for the binding reaction, while Ca2+ (5-80 mmol/l) had no effect. The reaction was saturable and reversible. Scatchard plots of the data suggested the presence of a single class of high affinity (Kd=0.41 nmol/l) and low capacity (Bmax=26 fmol/mg protein) binding sites. The specificity of the binding reaction was examined using various structural analogs of AVP which displaced 3H-AVP. Arginine-vasotocin proved to be equipotent with AVP, while oxytocin and 1-deamino,8-D-arginine-vasopressin were about 500-fold less effective. Two relatively selective V1-receptor antagonists, dPenTyrMeAVP and d(CH2)5-TyrMeAVP were 2- and 20-fold less potent than AVP, respectively These data strongly suggest that the bovine adrenal medulla contains V1-type receptors for vasopressin, which could be involved in the regulation of the function of chromaffin cells. PMID- 6238240 TI - Zimeldine versus nomifensine. A double-blind study of depressed inpatients. AB - A double-blind comparison of zimeldine, a selective 5-HT reuptake inhibitor, and nomifensine, a noradrenaline and a dopamine reuptake inhibitor, was carried out in 43 inpatients with a scheduled treatment period of 6 weeks. All patients were diagnosed as definite major depressive disorder according to Research Diagnostic Criteria (RDC), and the WHO International Classification of Diseases (ICD-9). The antidepressive efficacy was evaluated by a 10-item subscale of the Comprehensive Psychopathological Rating Scale (CPRS), a clinical global impression (CGI) scale and a self-rating scale (VAMS). Side effects were recorded, and anticholinergic effect was evaluated by parotid saliva volume measurement. No statistically significant differences in efficacy or profile between the two drugs were demonstrable. With the exception of increased sweating in the zimeldine group there were no statistically significant differences in side effects. PMID- 6238241 TI - Pseudotumor cerebri caused by a synthetic vitamin A preparation. AB - Pseudotumor cerebri developed in a 14-year-old girl with nodulocystic acne, who was taking excessive amounts of a synthetic vitamin A derivative. Although hypervitaminosis A has reportedly caused pseudotumor, Accutane has not previously been implicated. PMID- 6238242 TI - Doppler techniques and neurosurgery. AB - Short description of the Doppler principle, the continuous wave Doppler, the pulsed Doppler, the microvascular Doppler and especially the intraoperative use of the latter system in vascular microneurosurgery. PMID- 6238244 TI - Can fusimotor activity potentiate the responses of muscle spindles to a tendon tap? AB - Experiments on the cat soleus muscle have determined the effect of selective activation of the fusimotor system on the responses of muscle receptors to a simulated tendon tap. Primary endings of spindles responded in the passive muscle with an average 4.3 impulses at a mean instantaneous rate of 502 impulses/s. Static fusimotor stimulation at 100 pulses/s increased the number of impulses during the tap to 4.8 but dropped the mean instantaneous rate to 400 impulses/s. Dynamic fusimotor stimulation increased the number of impulses to 6.3 and the instantaneous rate to 557 impulses/s. Combined stimulation of the two axons gave intermediate values. We consider these effects as rather feeble. The tendon jerk in man shows a large increase in reflex amplitude following a reinforcement manoeuvre (Jendrassik manoeuvre). Based on our animal experiments we conclude that such increases cannot be accounted for simply in terms of selective engagement of the fusimotor system. PMID- 6238243 TI - [Significance of cardiac hypertrophy in heart rupture during acute myocardial infarction. Clinical and histopathological observations]. PMID- 6238245 TI - Elevation of gamma-aminobutyric acid in human brain may increase dopaminergic neuronal function. AB - Studies in experimental animals have yielded conflicting findings as to the influence of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) on the activity of nigrostriatal and mesolimbic dopaminergic neurons. We measured cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentrations of GABA and homovanillic acid (HVA) in 19 patients before and during treatment with isoniazid. CSF GABA concentrations increased markedly during isoniazid administration, presumably reflecting increases in brain GABA content. At the same time, HVA concentrations in CSF rose significantly. The net effect of elevating brain GABA content in humans appears to be to increase dopamine release from dopaminergic neurons. PMID- 6238246 TI - Help your disabled patient be more independent. PMID- 6238247 TI - AIDS: neither new nor transmissible? PMID- 6238248 TI - Restorative dentistry with general anesthesia. A safe, effective office procedure. PMID- 6238249 TI - Perinatal management of ventral wall defects. AB - Reported is the analysis of morbidity, mortality, and mode of delivery in 38 cases of ventral wall defects identified from among 128,500 consecutive live births in Maine (January 1975 to December 1982). Thirteen of the ventral wall defects were classified as gastroschisis, and only one had an additional defect not directly attributable to the ventral wall defect itself. By contrast, 16 of the 25 omphalocele cases had additional defects, including eight congenital heart lesions, four genitourinary malformations, two neural tube defects, and three trisomies. Ten cases of omphalocele and one of gastroschisis died, all as a result of independent defects or involvement of adjacent structures. Intrauterine growth retardation was prominently associated with gastroschisis. Vaginal delivery occurred in three of the six ventral wall defects diagnosed antenatally and in 28 of the 32 ventral wall defects not diagnosed until delivery. The only episode of birth trauma to ventral wall defect sac or abdominal viscera occurred during cesarean section in an undiagnosed case. The present data provide a basis for prognosis and management of antenatally diagnosed ventral wall defects and suggest that these defects are not, a priori, an indication for abdominal delivery. PMID- 6238250 TI - Laparoscopy in 100 women with chronic pelvic pain. AB - Laparoscopy was used to evaluate 100 women who consistently reported pelvic pain in the same location for a minimum of six months. These findings were compared with those of 50 asymptomatic women who underwent laparoscopy for tubal ligation. Overall, 83% of the group with pelvic pain had abnormal pelvic organs as compared with 29% of the asymptomatic group. Adhesions were the most common pathology accounting for 38% and pelvic endometriosis accounted for 32% of the symptomatic group. Results of this study suggest that pelvic pain reported to be in the same location for a minimum of six months, is usually associated with organic pathology. PMID- 6238252 TI - Androgen excess in women with acne. AB - Hormonal data were evaluated in 34 women with acne resistant to usual forms of therapy. Radioimmunoassay (RIA) was used to measure serum testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, 17 alpha-hydroxy-progesterone, prolactin, progesterone, free-testosterone, and testosterone index. Eighty-eight percent of these women were found to have androgen excess. Using the Dexamethasone Suppression Test, the sources of the hormonal abnormalities were identified and found to be adrenal in 24%, ovarian in 38%, and mixed adrenal and ovarian in 26% of the patients. The data supports the contention that women with acne that persists despite the common therapeutic modalities, warrant endocrinologic evaluation. PMID- 6238251 TI - Torsion of the fallopian tube: some considerations on its etiology. AB - Macroscopic and histologic findings in 11 patients operated on for isolated tubal torsion suggested a common pathophysiologic process. During laparotomy, tubal torsion appeared to involve the fimbrial end of the fallopian tube, distal to the site of compression by the sterilization procedure, the ovarian ligament, or a dense adhesion. Histologic study of the tube showed signs of vascular disturbances. Similar signs, although to a lesser extent, were present in the fimbrial end of the contralateral tube in sterilized patients. A causative mechanism resulting in tubal torsion is proposed. The present report suggests that tubal torsion can be a late complication caused by some methods of tubal sterilization. PMID- 6238253 TI - A case of supernumerary ovary. AB - A case of supernumerary ovary is presented. This rare gynecologic abnormality, which is usually diagnosed on laparotomy or autopsy, was noted on laparoscopy. PMID- 6238254 TI - ["Preferred preschool examination"--observations and results]. PMID- 6238255 TI - [Exemption from school sports]. PMID- 6238258 TI - [The dialysis patient in the expert opinion of the public health officer from the viewpoint of the nephrologist or clinical assessment versus expert opinion]. PMID- 6238256 TI - [Expert testimony on mentally and emotionally handicapped children in relation to Paragraphs 39ff and 69 of the Federal Social Assistance code]. PMID- 6238257 TI - [Model trial of local psychiatric care in the Adolescent Psychiatric Service of the Board of Health--concept and experiences]. PMID- 6238259 TI - [Therapy of salmonella carriers]. PMID- 6238262 TI - [Nutrition therapy: is diet more expensive than normal nutrition?]. PMID- 6238261 TI - [Treatment of psychiatric patients in a day clinic]. PMID- 6238263 TI - [Concepts in social psychiatric treatment in the transition between clinic and ambulatory care]. PMID- 6238260 TI - [Immunologic studies on the definition of impaired resistance in AIDS]. PMID- 6238264 TI - [Further experiences in the roentgen facility following conversion of mass roentgen examinations to voluntary participation]. PMID- 6238265 TI - [Driving fitness and administrative fitness in diabetes mellitus]. PMID- 6238266 TI - [Preventive diphtheria vaccination of adolescents and adults]. PMID- 6238267 TI - [Problems in the detection of tuberculosis]. PMID- 6238268 TI - [Obesity in infancy and early childhood]. PMID- 6238269 TI - Direct observation of pain behavior in low back pain patients during physical examination. AB - Trained observers measured the occurrence of 5 behaviors (guarding, bracing, rubbing, grimacing, and sighing) in a group of 80 low back pain patients undergoing physical examination. Bracing was frequently displayed, rubbing, guarding, and grimacing were moderately frequent and sighing was infrequent. Pain behaviors were much more likely to occur when patients were moving than when they were in a static position. The rate of guarding, bracing, and total pain behavior was predicted by physical examination findings and/or number of prior operations. Patients having longer pain histories were also more likely to show guarded movement. Topics for future research in this area are identified, and the utility of behavioral observation for clinicians is discussed. PMID- 6238270 TI - [Sites of sucking attachment of the taiga tick (Ixodes persulcatus, Ixodidae) in children and adults]. AB - In children and adults Ixodes persulcatus adheres mostly often to axillary space, neck, anterior surface of the trunk and comparatively seldom to extremities in distal direction. Rather often in children the tick adheres to the head; with age the strength of adhering to the axillary space increases. The topography of adherings of I. persulcatus is closely associated with the character of activities and clothes of the population, ecological characters of the tick, size, anatomical, hystological and physiological properties of the man's organism in child's, juvenile and adult age, and weather-climatic conditions. PMID- 6238272 TI - The National Organization on Disability. PMID- 6238271 TI - [Rhabditiasis in tamarisk gerbils]. AB - The paper deals with infection of Meriones (M.) tamariscinus Pallas, 1773 caused by Rhabditis strongyloides Schn., 1866 first recorded in the USSR. The clinical picture of the disease is described and data of pathoanatomical autopsy of dead animals are given. The way of infection of the animals in nature and in laboratory conditions is suggested. Under favourable conditions domestic animals can be infected with R. strongyloides too. PMID- 6238273 TI - An appraisal of survival strategies. PMID- 6238274 TI - [Receptors for human interferon]. PMID- 6238277 TI - [Organization of specialized services for newborn infants]. PMID- 6238275 TI - Sequential 22-hour profiles of breathing patterns and heart rate in 110 full-term infants during their first 6 months of life. AB - Sequential recordings (total number 365, mean duration 22 hours) of ECG and abdominal wall movement were obtained from 110 full-term infants up to 6 months of age. The longest pause in breathing movement per recording (maximum 21.6 seconds) decreased in duration over the first 2 weeks of life (P less than .005). Pauses greater than 18.0 seconds were not detected after seven days. The spread of values for pauses greater than or equal to 3.6 seconds duration was widest during the first 2 weeks, and their number decreased with age (P less than .001). Periodic breathing, detected in 69% to 80% of infants in all age groups, showed decreasing trends with age in total duration and maximum length of episode (P less than .005 for both). The spread of values was widest during the first 2 weeks (range for total duration 0 to 4.7 hours) and decreased with age. The mean respiratory rate during regular breathing decreased after 4 weeks (P less than .001). The spread of values was widest during the first 2 weeks and decreased with age. Birth weight was positively correlated with mean respiratory rate during the first three days of life (r = +.64, P less than .001). The mean heart rate during regular breathing increased during the first 15 days (P less than .001) and then decreased after 4 weeks (P less than .001). Higher mean heart rates were found in male infants (P less than .01). PMID- 6238278 TI - [State of the anterior abdominal wall in children with various forms of infantile cerebral palsy according to electrophysiological findings]. PMID- 6238279 TI - [Clinico-biochemical characteristics of acute pneumonia in young children living in a tropical climate]. PMID- 6238276 TI - [Clinico-etiological characteristics of meningococcal infection in children in Leningrad 1970-1982]. PMID- 6238280 TI - [Creation of a model for a rural pediatric center and children's consultation clinic of the future]. PMID- 6238282 TI - [Gasser's syndrome in young children]. PMID- 6238281 TI - [Organization of premature infant care by integrating its first and second stages in a maternity home]. PMID- 6238283 TI - [Toxic plant poisoning among children]. PMID- 6238284 TI - [Method of spontaneous positive pressure breathing in the treatment of acute respiratory insufficiency in the children's department of the central district hospital]. PMID- 6238285 TI - Hierarchy of preferences toward disabled groups: a reanalysis. AB - A reanalysis of Tringo's (1970) hierarchy of preference toward disabled groups was conducted through multidimensional scaling. The structure underlying social distance preferences is multidimensional in nature rather than unidimensional as presented by Tringo. The retained 3-dimensional solution was interpreted as focusing on the visibility of the disabilities, the organic versus functional nature of the disabilities, and an element of ostracism. PMID- 6238288 TI - A sensitive issue. PMID- 6238286 TI - Conformational alterations of transcription termination protein rho induced by ATP and by RNA. AB - Transcription termination protein rho from Escherichia coli possesses an RNA dependent ATP hydrolysis activity necessary for expression of its termination function. We have used the rate of trypsin-mediated inactivation of ATPase activity as a conformational probe to test for ligand binding-induced conformational changes in the rho polypeptide. When present in molar excess over rho polypeptide, trypsin inactivates rho ATPase by a first order process that correlates well with the loss of intact rho polypeptide. When rho protein binds poly(C) or poly(dC), its susceptible bonds become more accessible to trypsin action. On the other hand, when rho binds either ATP or ADP those bonds become less accessible. These results suggest that rho protein assumes an altered conformation when an RNA cofactor is bound and that is assumes a distinctly different conformation when a nucleotide substrate or product is bound. A special change in the accessibility of trypsin-susceptible bonds is also detected when rho in its complex with poly(C) is catalyzing the hydrolysis of ATP. PMID- 6238287 TI - Potentiation of chromosomal alterations by inhibitors of DNA repair. PMID- 6238289 TI - [Formaldehyde--its use and effect on the human body]. PMID- 6238290 TI - Endogenous phosphorylation in Dunning prostate tumors of rats treated with LH-RH analogues. AB - We investigated phosphorylation in Dunning R-3327H prostate tumor tissue of untreated rats, and rats treated with the agonist D-Trp6-LH-RH and antagonist N Ac-D-p-Cl-Phe1,2,D-Trp3,D-Arg6,D-Ala10-LH-RH. The total phosphorylation was significantly higher in Dunning tumors than in normal ventral and dorsal prostate. Incorporation of 32P into tumor tissue of rats treated with D-Trp6-LH RH was significantly lower than in tumors from untreated animals. The tumor regression produced by LH-RH agonist appeared to be linked with changes in the pattern of tumor protein phosphorylation. Although inhibition of tumor growth also occurred after administration of the LH-RH antagonist, no significant changes in phosphorylation were observed. The dissimilarity of effects of the agonists and the antagonists on protein phosphorylation in rat prostate tumors may be related to the differences in the mechanisms of action of these two types of LH-RH analogues. PMID- 6238291 TI - Oral synthetic retinoid treatment in children. AB - The synthetic retinoids are a new class of drugs which are highly effective in the treatment of a broad spectrum of dermatologic disease. In this report 15 patients with chronic disorders of keratinization and one patient with severe cystic acne were treated with oral isotretinoin. The degree of clinical response and duration of post-treatment remission varied with the different disorders. Acute side effects were predominantly limited to the skin and mucous membranes and were reversible after discontinuation of treatment in these patients. Acute retinoid toxicity and the potential for developing chronic toxicity are reviewed. In an attempt to facilitate the monitoring of dermatologic patients treated with oral synthetic retinoids, we present our current guidelines for the use of these agents. PMID- 6238293 TI - [An approach to the evaluation of medical journals: application to original articles of La Presse Medicale and the New England Journal of Medicine published in 1982]. AB - Medical journals play an important role in the diffusion of scientific medical information. We tried to evaluate the French medical journal, La Presse Medicale, and to compare it with the New England Journal of Medicine. We reviewed all the original articles published in 1982 (207 articles In La Presse Medicale and 152 articles in the New England Journal of Medicine): specialties, methodologies used in the studies, environment (number of authors, geographical origin, institutional origin, number and language of references, number of subjects included in the studies). The articles in both journals concerned virtually the same specialties, more than 50% of the articles dealing with the following: cancerology, cardiology, infectious diseases, endocrinology, gastroenterology. Many specialties including highly prevalent diseases were underrepresented in both journals. When treating the same kind of problems, different methodologies were used: faced with a therapeutical problem, authors in La Presse Medicale used mostly non controlled evaluations (46%, 30 articles), and few randomized controlled trials (12%, 8 articles). On the other hand, authors in the New England Journal of Medicine used mostly randomised controlled trials (56%, 36 articles), and less non controlled evaluations (26%, 16 articles). Most references were in English, even in La Presse Medicale, in which 76% of all references were not in French, and 14% of all articles had no French references. In conclusion, this study shows differences between the two journals: in particular, the methodologies used by the authors in La Presse Medicale were less pertinent than those used by the authors in the New England Journal of Medicine. This finding is important with regard to the formation of and information given to the French speaking physicians, and a strong reaction from the editors and physicians concerned is desirable. PMID- 6238292 TI - Thromboembolic complications in nephrotic syndrome. Coagulation abnormalities, renal vein thrombosis, and other conditions. AB - In patients with nephrotic syndrome, the presence of a hypercoagulable state is thought to give rise to a high incidence of thromboembolic phenomena. Renal vein thrombosis is a common complication in nephrotic patients, mainly in those with membranous nephropathy, and many other types of thromboembolic complications also occur. The mortality rate in nephrotic patients with thromboembolic complications may be significantly increased, with pulmonary emboli likely being the most common cause of death. PMID- 6238294 TI - [Stopping the treatment of an epileptic]. PMID- 6238295 TI - [Mechanical fatigue of an arterial prosthesis]. AB - This case study reports the analysis of a knitted polyester arterial prosthesis that was implanted in an 18-year old patient for five years following a bicycle accident which injured the left external iliac artery. In spite of the prosthesis, the patient continued to participate in competitive cycling. The graft became dilated and stretched by tension from the hypertrophic psoas muscle, and because the patient presented with pain and claudication, a second surgical operation was performed. The central region of the prosthesis was badly kinked. A segment was resected and analyzed in terms of pathological, textile and chemical properties. The analysis showed a poorly healed graft that had suffered from mechanical and chemical degradation. The findings point to the wisdom of implanting woven rather than knitted grafts in young patients and also suggest that in this particular case, where mechanical deterioration was accompanied by chemical degradation, it would have been preferable to remove the whole prosthesis. PMID- 6238297 TI - [Association of autoimmune thrombopenic purpura and leiomyoma. Recovery after excision of the tumor]. AB - A case of auto-immune thrombocytopenic purpura in a woman with benign cystic leiomyoma in Retzius' space is reported. The platelet Coombs' test was positive on platelets; the indirect Coombs' test was negative on serum but strongly positive on cyst fluid. Following excision of the leiomyoma thrombocytopenia rapidly subsided and the serological findings became negative, which strongly suggests that the antibody was produced by the tumour. PMID- 6238296 TI - [Multiple hyperostosis with unilateral sacroiliitis. A new spondyloarthropathy]. AB - Six patients (4 male and 2 female) presenting with an original, predominantly osseous disease are reported. The disease is characterized by a chronic inflammatory process affecting the thorax, the spine, the femur in 1 case and in all patients only one of the sacro-iliac joints. The condition had begun 11 to 28 years previously and had been active for 6 to 24 years. One case started with regressive polyarthritis. There was no visceral involvement. Radiograms showed bone condensation with hyperostosis, sometimes hypertrophic, unrelated to any articular space. Depending on each patient, the lesions involved the clavicles, the sternum, the posterior arch of the ribs, the vertebrae, the inferior femoral metaphysis. The only joints involved were the sacro-iliac and anubrio-sternal joints. The areas affected showed high radioisotope uptake. There was discrete biochemical inflammatory syndrome. Three of the 6 patients belonged to the HLA group B 27. The multiple biopsies performed showed no specific lesions. The disease proceeds by successive attacks lasting several months and responding poorly to anti-inflammatory drugs. One patient developed Crohn's disease, another, retroperitoneal fibrosis. In some respects, this condition is remindful of sterno-clavicular hyperostosis and of the osteo-arthropathy in palmoplantar pustulosis or acne conglobata. It seems to constitute a new variety of spondylo arthropathy intermediate between the above-mentioned diseases and genuine ankylosing spondylitis. PMID- 6238298 TI - [Fatigue of the respiratory muscles]. AB - When respiratory muscle demands for energy exceed supplies, the energy stored within the muscles is depleted and the force of contraction diminishes. This state is called inspiratory muscle fatigue. When it occurs alveolar ventilation decreases, arterial carbon dioxide tension (Pa CO2), increases and hypercapnic respiratory failure ensues. It has also been suggested that such a dysfunction of the respiratory muscles contributes to the pathogenesis of dyspnoea. The purpose of this article is to review: those factors that predispose to respiratory muscle fatigue and determine energy demand and supply, and the principal means of investigation available, including the study of pressures created by muscular contraction, and electromyography. PMID- 6238299 TI - [Urethral stricture: one-stage urethroplasty using a free skin flap]. AB - We report our experience of one-stage free skin graft urethroplasty in 18 patients, most of whom had iatrogenic stricture of the urethral bulb. Our results were similar to those reported in the literature, being satisfactory in about 80% of the cases, and were further improved by adjuvant procedures, such as urethrotomy. We consider that free skin graft urethroplasty is the most reliable method to treat strictures of the urethral bulb after failure of urethrotomy. PMID- 6238300 TI - [Serum beta 2 microglobulin levels in hemophiliacs in relation to the origin of injected blood products]. PMID- 6238301 TI - [Alveolar proteinosis associated with chronic myelocytic leukemia]. PMID- 6238302 TI - [Leiomyoma of the small intestine discovered in the follow-up of intestinal resection for abdominal injury]. PMID- 6238304 TI - [Metastasizing leiomyoma of the uterus. 2 cases]. PMID- 6238303 TI - [Renal amyloidosis disclosing Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia]. PMID- 6238306 TI - [A diagnostic pitfall. Accidental absorption of flunitrazepam]. PMID- 6238305 TI - [Thoracic pain precipitated by electric stimulation of the esophagus]. PMID- 6238307 TI - [Essential thrombocythemia followed by chronic myelocytic leukemia]. PMID- 6238308 TI - [A new method for conservative treatment of breast neoplasms using primary chemotherapy, external radiotherapy and implant radiotherapy]. PMID- 6238309 TI - [Kawasaki's syndrome. Treatment with intravenous gammaglobulins]. PMID- 6238310 TI - [Efficacy of fenfluramine for the treatment of compulsive behavior disorders in psychotic children]. PMID- 6238311 TI - [Diminished levels of fibronectin in suction bullae in patients with scleroderma]. PMID- 6238313 TI - [Chronic obstructive bronchopneumopathies. What should be measured? When and how?]. AB - Tobacco smoking, which is the main cause of chronic obstructive lung disease, produces two different disorders, each following an independent course: hypersecretion of mucus and impairment of ventilation. The most significant as regards prognosis is the latter. Its early detection requires fine respiratory function tests, notably flow-volume loops. At the chronic lung obstruction stage, conventional spirometry provides information on the degree of obstruction, and other additional tests can be used to investigate for possible emphysema. The potential repercussions of the disease on gas exchanges must be assessed by measuring arterial blood gases. Such measurements are usually performed on subjects awake and at rest, but they can be supplemented by exercise tests or examinations during sleep. A critical analysis of the values obtained is useful to decide whether oxygen therapy is needed and to follow up this treatment in patients with chronic respiratory failure. PMID- 6238312 TI - [Neurohormonal regulation of the functions of the enterocyte]. PMID- 6238315 TI - [Treatment of renal colic with intravenous ketoprofen]. AB - In view of the part played by renal prostaglandins in the mechanisms responsible for pain in renal colic, it was worth trying to find out whether nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents, which inhibit prostaglandin synthesis, have an analgesic effect of their own. In a double-blind trial the effects of ketoprofen 100 mg administered intravenously alone or associated with noramidopyrine were investigated in 62 patients divided at random into two equal groups. A rapid analgesic effect was observed with no significant difference between the groups. No severe side-effects were recorded. The double-blind method made it possible to confirm that ketoprofen administered alone relieved pain in 97% of the patients (with complete sedation in 45%) and acted within 5 minutes. Owing to their effectiveness and safety nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (especially ketoprofen) may be proposed as an alternative to conventional treatments of renal colic. But because of their activity they should not be prescribed until a firm diagnosis has been made. The cause of the colic should also be rapidly determined in order to treat it as well as the pain it produces. PMID- 6238316 TI - [Disturbances in glycoregulation and plasma amino acids in alcoholic hepatopathies. Study using the arginine test]. AB - In order to investigate disturbances in glycoregulation and plasma amino acids and their possible relationship in alcoholic liver diseases, plasma concentrations of insulin, C-peptide, glucagon and branched-chain (valine, leucine, isoleucine) as well as aromatic (phenylalanine, tyrosine) amino acids were measured during an arginine test (i.v infusion of arginine chloride 0.5 g/kg over 30 min) in 21 alcoholic patients: 11 with cirrhosis (group C) and 10 with steatosis (group S). Insulin responses to arginine was reduced in both groups, whereas glucagon response was increased in group C and reduced in group S. Plasma concentrations of branched-chain amino acids were reduced in both groups, irrespective of the degree of hyperinsulinism. Plasma concentrations of aromatic amino acids were increased only in cirrhotic patients; the increase was independent of the degree of hyperglucagonism and of the plasma insulin/glucagon molar ratio. These results suggest that disturbances of glycoregulation in plasma amino acids imbalance do not play a major role in alcoholic cirrhosis and steatosis. PMID- 6238314 TI - [Treatment of cerebrovascular accidents in an intensive care unit. 230 cases]. AB - Over a 20 months' period, 230 patients were treated in an intensive care unit for acute cerebral vascular accident. There were 157 ischaemic accidents and 73 haemorrhages. The mean age of the patients was 61.7 years. Mechanical ventilation was used in a quarter of the cases, and tracheotomy was performed in 7%. Surgery was considered necessary in only less than 5%. The overall mortality in the unit was 20% for patients with established ischaemia and 44% for those with cerebral haemorrhage. After 6 months, 64% of patients with ischaemia and 44% of patients with haemorrhage were still alive; 82% were independent, usually without sequelae, and 6% were bed-ridden; 15% of those who had mechanical ventilation survived. Prognostic factors are analyzed and the role of intensive care units in the management of cerebral vascular accidents is discussed. PMID- 6238317 TI - [Neonatal syphilis despite erythromycin treatment of the mother]. AB - A one-month old infant whose mother had been treated with erythromycin during pregnancy exhibited signs of severe congenital syphilis with collapse requiring admission to an intensive care unit. Erythromycin has low placental transfer and other treatments would have probably been more adequate. Some authors advocate the use of the latest tetracyclines and doxycycline could also be administered. The WHO's recommendations that all children born of mothers who were not treated with penicillin should receive this antibiotic after birth is still valid. PMID- 6238318 TI - [Surgical treatment of total abnormal pulmonary venous return. Value of the interaortico-caval approach]. AB - Technical details concerning surgery of supracardiac total anomalous pulmonary venous return are still controversial. It seems to us that approaching the lesion through the cleft that exists between the aorta and the superior vena cava fulfills the two requirements of the surgical procedure: a wide anastomosis between the common pulmonary vein and the left atrium can be created on the heart in situ and therefore without any risk of anatomical distorsion, and the small size of atrial incisions reduces the risk of post-operative arrhythmias. PMID- 6238319 TI - [Meningeal involvement in acute lymphoblastic leukemia and malignant lymphoma. Value of the assay of beta 2 microglobulin in the cerebrospinal fluid]. PMID- 6238320 TI - [Experience with pethidine by the subarachnoid route in anesthesia]. PMID- 6238321 TI - [Legionellosis in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome]. PMID- 6238324 TI - [Trigeminal neuropathy disclosing systemic scleroderma]. PMID- 6238325 TI - [The hyperleukocytic lung. Treatment by subtraction cytopheresis]. PMID- 6238322 TI - [Plasma concentrations of lidocaine as a function of the time of administration]. PMID- 6238326 TI - [Angelchik's prosthesis in the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux. 2 complications]. PMID- 6238327 TI - [Centralized control of the treatment of patients with newly detected tuberculosis]. PMID- 6238328 TI - [Clinical and social characteristics of children and adolescents with tuberculosis]. PMID- 6238323 TI - [Bone marrow hypoplasia in anorexia nervosa]. PMID- 6238329 TI - [Pulmonary tuberculosis among the rural population]. PMID- 6238330 TI - [Increased incidence of bronchogenic carcinoma in pulmonary tuberculosis]. PMID- 6238332 TI - Kinetic analysis of mutations affecting the cII activation site at the PRE promoter of bacteriophage lambda. AB - Abortive initiation and run-off transcription assays were used to study the effects of cy mutations on activation of the phage lambda PRE promoter by cII gene product. Six point mutations in the repeated T-T-G-C sequences that flank the -35 consensus region of PRE decreased the apparent affinity of the promoter for cII protein by factors of 4-16 relative to the wild-type affinity. Kinetic analyses of transcription initiation in the presence and absence of cII protein demonstrated that five of the six mutations did not significantly affect the intrinsic interaction of RNA polymerase with PRE. Thus, these mutations differ from other cy mutations, including those in the -35 consensus region, which affect the formation of polymerase-PRE closed complexes or the isomerization of closed complexes to open complexes but do not affect the binding of cII protein. A sixth T-T-G-C mutation, cy3001, may affect intrinsic initiation by RNA polymerase as well as cII binding. PMID- 6238331 TI - Molecular cloning and characterization of DNA sequences encoding rat and human atrial natriuretic factors. AB - A cDNA copy of the message encoding rat atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) has been cloned in Escherichia coli, and its nucleotide sequence was determined. ANF appears to be synthesized as a larger precursor, atrial pronatriodilatin. The cDNA has an open reading frame potentially encoding a protein of 152 amino acids, of which the first 24 amino acids strongly resemble a signal sequence. This is followed by a sequence with 80% homology to a second vasoactive protein, porcine cardiodilatin. The ANF peptide is contained in the COOH-terminal portion of the protein. The DNA sequence corresponding to human ANF is also presented and displays a high degree of homology to its rat counterpart. These data provide further evidence for the expression in cardiac atria of a multifactor system that may contribute to the regulation of blood pressure and extracellular fluid volume. PMID- 6238334 TI - Movement of scallop myosin on Nitella actin filaments: regulation by calcium. AB - In order to determine if Ca2+ regulates scallop myosin movement on actin, we have measured motility of scallop myosin along actin filaments using a direct visual assay. This procedure consists of covalently linking myosin to 1-micron beads and pipetting them onto a parallel array of actin filaments located on the cytoplasmic face of a Nitella internodal cell. In the absence of Ca2+, scallop myosin-coated beads exhibit no directed motion; however, in the presence of pCa2+ of greater than 5.84, these beads undergo linear translocations with average velocities of 2.0 micron/s. This Ca2+ -sensitive motility requires the presence of regulatory light chains on the scallop myosin. Removal of regulatory light chains with 10 mM EDTA produces a "desensitized" myosin, no longer sensitive to Ca2+, which moves at rates of 0.09-0.3 micron in the presence or absence of Ca2+. Readdition of regulatory light chains to preparations of desensitized myosin once again confers Ca2+-sensitive motility. The Ca2+ dependence of scallop-myosin motility shows a sharp transition, consistent with the Ca2+ activation sensitivity of the actin-activated ATPase. Furthermore, relative rates of movement of calcium-regulated myosins from various molluscan species are consistent with their respective rates of ATP hydrolysis. Thus, myosin motility along actin filaments provides a sensitive and direct assay of myosin activity and is suitable for studying myosin regulation. PMID- 6238333 TI - Antigen-specific helper T-cell clone supernatant is sufficient to induce both polyclonal proliferation and differentiation of small resting B lymphocytes. AB - Gradient-purified resting B lymphocytes can be polyclonally stimulated by antigen specific major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-restricted helper T lymphocytes as well as by antigen-activated helper T-cell supernatant. In contrast to what has been described so far, we show that helper T-cell supernatant (in the absence of any other added stimulus, such as that provided by anti-mu antibodies) is sufficient to induce both proliferation of resting B cells and their differentiation into IgM-secreting cells. The stimulation induced by the helper T cell supernatant takes place in serum-free medium and is not MHC-restricted. Our findings strongly support the existence of a B-cell activating factor acting on the resting B cell and causing it to enter the G1 phase of the cell cycle in a MHC-unrestricted manner. PMID- 6238335 TI - Comparative disposition of nafarelin and endogenous luteinizing hormone releasing hormone in female rats. PMID- 6238337 TI - Blood supply of the abdomen revisited, with emphasis on the superficial inferior epigastric artery. AB - The key to understanding the blood supply of the anterior hemiabdomen is knowledge of the central superficial inferior epigastric artery system and the peripheral contribution of the epigastric, deep and superficial circumflex, and iliac arteries and external oblique perforators. These systems all feed into the subdermal plexus of the anterior abdominal wall. Angiographic confirmation of multiple communications between the superficial inferior epigastric artery and other major sources of abdominal wall blood supply has been obtained. Experience using the superficial inferior epigastric artery flap as a pedicled and microsurgical transfer has been described. PMID- 6238336 TI - Using home video equipment for the handicapped child. Suggestion from the field. PMID- 6238338 TI - EEG and blood level of the potential antidepressant paroxetine after a single oral dose to normal volunteers. AB - The quantitative electroencephalogram (EEG) and plasma concentration of the antidepressant paroxetine were monitored in five normal volunteers after a single oral dose of 70 mg paroxetine and placebo. Peak plasma concentration occurred 4-6 h post-dose. Placebo had little effect on the EEG but the effects of paroxetine were statistically significant at 6 h post-dose. The EEG changes after treatment consisted of a decrease in delta and theta activity (less than 8 Hz) and increase in beta activity (greater than 12 Hz). These changes were still evident 72 h after treatment. The EEG profile obtained with 70 mg paroxetine is similar to that reported for other antidepressant 5-HT uptake inhibitors, but dissimilar to the classical, sedative antidepressants. PMID- 6238339 TI - Lisuride, LY-141865, and 8-OH-DPAT facilitate male rat sexual behavior via a non dopaminergic mechanism. AB - In agreement with previous results from this laboratory, the ergot derivative lisuride (0.4 mg/kg IP) and the ergot congener 8-OH-DPAT (0.25 mg/kg IP) produced a marked facilitation of male rat sexual behavior. Furthermore, another ergot compound, the dopamine-2 selective agonist LY-141865 (2.5-20 mg/kg IP), was shown to facilitate male rat sexual behavior to the same degree. Neither the effects produced by LY-141865, nor the effects produced by lisuride or 8-OH-DPAT, were antagonized by pretreatment with the dopamine receptor blocking agent haloperidol, 0.16 mg/kg IP. A higher dose of haloperidol (0.32 mg IP), which produced clear extrapyramidal symptoms, was also ineffective in antagonizing the lisuride- or 8-OH-DPAT-induced facilitation of male rat sexual behavior. It is concluded that the stimulation of male rat sexual behavior produced by ergot and ergot-like drugs is mediated via a non-dopaminergic mechanism. PMID- 6238340 TI - Radiosensitivity of murine T-lymphocyte cytotoxicity. AB - A biphasic curve was observed when surviving allogeneic lytic activity was plotted as a function of irradiation delivered before sensitization. Flow cytometry analysis demonstrated that the number of cells was reduced in response to increasing dose and that subset precursors Lyt 1+2+ were proportionally more radiosensitive than the other subsets. Paradoxically, the presence of exogenous T cell growth factor (TCGF) in limiting dilution analysis changed the shape of the survival curve, and the mere addition of TCGF or Lyt 2- TCGF-producing cells abrogated the irradiation effect even though they were not shown to be the target of low dose irradiation in flow cytometry analysis. It is proposed that TCGF acted by enhancing the proliferation of surviving cells. This effect may be responsible for the relative radioresistance at higher doses due to enhanced availability of TCGF for the remaining cells. PMID- 6238341 TI - [Paget disease of the skeleton. Internal medicine aspects]. AB - Paget's disease of bone seems to be a slow virus infection of a single or several areas of the skeleton. Pagetic lesions are rather common among elderly people, but the disease does not manifest itself very often. Compared to the incidence of Paget's disease in England it seems to be rarer in this country. The pelvis is most frequently involved, followed by bones of the leg, skull, lumbar spine. The patients suffer from pain and deformities, arthroses of the adhering ankles, increased temperature of the area, nerve irritation and nerve damage due to increased bone growth (e.g. hearing loss due to Paget's disease of the skull). The development of sarcoma is rare and is only seen in severe cases. Diagnosis is made by X-ray, confirmed by bone biopsy, if necessary. Asymptomatic lesions are detected by bone scintigraphy. The activity of the disease is expressed by increased alkaline serum phosphatase and urinary hydroxyproline excretion. For treatment calcitonins and diphosphonates (especially EHDP, Diphos) are used. Both inhibit the overactive osteoclasts, and the increased bone turnover is normalized. The patients feel considerable relief; the elevated biochemical parameters fall to about 50% of initial values after calcitonin or EHDP monotherapy. In severe cases the combination of both substances may be profitable. The cytostatic drug mithramycin which can also be effective is only needed in exceptional cases. PMID- 6238342 TI - [Nose injury]. PMID- 6238343 TI - Severe esophageal strictures: indications for balloon catheter dilatation. AB - Bougienage of esophageal strictures is a traditional method of therapy for patients who present with a stricture sufficiently large to permit passage of a mercury-weighted rubber bougie. However, when the residual lumen is smaller than 12 mm diameter, bougie dilatation acquires a prohibitively high risk of esophageal perforation. Twenty patients who had severe esophageal strictures have undergone surgical repair or Eder-Puestow dilatation assisted by guidewire. Fluoroscopic balloon catheter dilatation obviated surgery and allowed subsequent standard bougienage both in hospital and at home performed by the patient. We discuss indications, technique, results, and complications. PMID- 6238344 TI - Esophageal stenosis: treatment with balloon catheters. AB - We have performed 84 balloon dilatations in 40 patients who had esophageal strictures. Of these patients, 31 who had benign diseases improved, and the procedure proved to be safe, reliable, and easy to perform; in 77% of these patients, only one or two dilatations were necessary. In 10 patients who had previously undergone treatment with bougienage, the symptom-free interval of 9.3 months following balloon dilatation is four times longer than that experienced following bougienage. In patients who have malignant disease, though the symptom free intervals are short, the procedure can be repeated easily and is accepted well by patients so that palliation can be achieved. Since only readily controlled transverse forces act in the balloon therapy, rupture is virtually eliminated, while the use of a flexible angiographic guidewire to traverse the strictures practically excludes perforation. Balloon dilatation offers distinct advantages compared with bougienage for the treatment of esophageal strictures. PMID- 6238345 TI - Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of the hepatic veins for treatment of Budd Chiari syndrome. AB - The authors report a case of Budd-Chiari syndrome caused by occlusion of all of the hepatic veins which was treated by percutaneous transluminal angioplasty. There were two recurrences requiring redilatation. Two years later, the patient was asymptomatic and off medication. PMID- 6238346 TI - Iliac artery-ureteral fistula developing after dilatation and stent placement. AB - A fistula formed between the common iliac artery and the ureter following balloon dilatation of the distal ureter and stent placement in the presence of an ileal conduit. Possible causes are discussed. PMID- 6238348 TI - A manual injection syringe for inflation of high pressure balloon catheters. AB - A commercially available manual injection syringe has been modified for use in inflating high pressure dilating balloons. Accurate long term balloon inflation is easily accomplished. PMID- 6238347 TI - Esophageal strictures in children: treatment by serial balloon catheter dilatation. AB - Gruntzig balloon catheters were used to dilate ten esophageal strictures in eight infants and children. Five infants who had anastomotic strictures following esophageal atresia repair gained complete resolution of their strictures, usually after one or two dilatations. Three older children who had strictures following esophageal re-operation or reconstruction required longer courses of dilatations to achieve consistent esophageal patency. The technique failed in two chronic strictures of two and one-half and nine years' duration. Balloon catheter dilatation, begun in the early postoperative period, is a safe, effective method for dilating esophageal strictures. PMID- 6238349 TI - Nurse assaulted in hospital: Worker's Compensation. Case in point: Martirez v. Meharry Medical College (673 S.W. 2d 141--TN). PMID- 6238350 TI - [Analysis of suppressor pathway--cellular interaction of the lactate dehydrogenase B suppressor pathway]. PMID- 6238352 TI - [Duodenal tumors]. PMID- 6238351 TI - [Prevention of postoperative thromboembolism with small doses of heparin]. PMID- 6238353 TI - [Pseudocysts of the pancreas; details of diagnosis and surgical treatment]. PMID- 6238354 TI - [Internal blind fistulas secondary to gastric surgery]. PMID- 6238355 TI - [Current concepts in the treatment of bronchopulmonary cancer]. PMID- 6238359 TI - [Appendiceal adenocarcinoma]. PMID- 6238358 TI - [Calcified adrenal cyst]. PMID- 6238361 TI - [Histopathological and clinico-therapeutic aspects of cervicofacial nerve tumors]. PMID- 6238356 TI - [The immediate results of the Deloyers operation]. PMID- 6238357 TI - [Osteosynthesis of the femoral neck with variable geometry]. PMID- 6238360 TI - [Ultrarapid induction of anesthesia]. PMID- 6238362 TI - [Immunologic implications in the etiopathogenesis and treatment of serous otitis]. PMID- 6238363 TI - [Incongruity of evoked nystagmus in electronystagmography]. PMID- 6238364 TI - [Pathogenesis of otorhinopathic emboligenic septicemia]. PMID- 6238365 TI - ["Otic sonotrepidosis" and the bone changes in pneumatic hammer operators]. PMID- 6238366 TI - [Correlation between the otic and rhinopharyngeal microbial flora in chronic suppurative otitis media in adults]. PMID- 6238367 TI - [Conservative surgery in chronic otomastoid suppuration]. PMID- 6238368 TI - [Rhinosinusal papilloma]. PMID- 6238369 TI - [Nasal and sinusal caseous processes (cholesteatomatosis)]. PMID- 6238371 TI - [Histopathogenesis of vocal nodules]. PMID- 6238372 TI - [Surgical anatomic study of the ears in the Laboratory of Anatomy and Surgical Medicine of the Coltea ORL Clinic]. PMID- 6238370 TI - [Esophageal motor disorders in epiphrenic esophageal diverticula]. PMID- 6238374 TI - Renal artery angioplasty. Technical considerations and results. AB - Renal angioplasty was attempted on 38 renal arteries in 34 patients and was technically successful in 84.2%. Twenty-four patients were followed for 1 to 36 months (mean 15.3 months). The hypertension was cured or improved in 18 (75%), unchanged in 2 and recurrent after an initial period of improvement in four. Six patients were not available for further evaluation as five had additional renovascular surgery and one was lost to followup. Four patients had major complications; loss of the kidney occurred in one patient (2.9%). Respiratory renal mobility, predilatation with tapered teflon catheters and the contralateral femoral approach were found to be important technical aids for successful renal artery angioplasty. PMID- 6238373 TI - [Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis with gold salts]. PMID- 6238375 TI - [Percutaneous pulmonary valvuloplasty using a balloon catheter]. PMID- 6238376 TI - [Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty in a case of iatrogenic stenosis of the left coronary ostium]. PMID- 6238378 TI - [Report of the Angiography and Hemodynamics Section of the Spanish Society of Cardiology. Coronariography and angioplasty]. PMID- 6238377 TI - [Surgical revascularization immediately after intracoronary streptokinase perfusion. Presentation of a case]. PMID- 6238379 TI - Babies and robots: technology to assist learning of young multiple disabled children. PMID- 6238380 TI - Toddlers with congenital anomalies and their mothers: the research of the Child Development Program at the New York State Psychiatric Institute. PMID- 6238381 TI - Inhibition of exercise-induced asthma by oral procaterol, a new beta 2-adrenergic drug. AB - 8 asthmatics were studied for 2 consecutive days in order to assess the preventive effect of a new oral beta 2-sympathomimetic, procaterol hydrochloride, against exercise-induced asthma. Statistical analysis of the resulting data showed that this preparation, unlike other oral beta 2-sympathomimetics, affords good protection against exercise-induced asthma. PMID- 6238382 TI - Pulmonary hypertension and respiratory failure in the development of right ventricular hypertrophy in patients with chronic obstructive airway disease. AB - The high incidence of right ventricular hypertrophy in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a well-known fact. In clinical medicine according to our present status of thinking, severe impairment of ventilatory function and pulmonary hypertension are the two essential prerequisites for right ventricular involvement. To investigate this accepted assumption we studied 51 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, while they were in a remission period. The patients were subjected to clinical examination, chest roentgenography, spirometry, blood gas examination, electrocardiography, vectorcardiography, echocardiography, and right heart catheterization. The majority of the patients with significantly compromised ventilatory function and abnormal blood gases had right ventricular hypertrophy with elevation of the pulmonary artery pressure. Two subgroups of patients could be distinguished: One included 15 patients (29.4% of all patients) with normal pulmonary artery pressure and evidence of right ventricular hypertrophy. In this subgroup are included 10 patients (19.6% of all patients) showing mild ventilatory impairment and mild hypoxaemia. The second subgroup consisted of 5 patients (9.8% of all patients) with elevated mean pulmonary artery pressure at rest and right ventricular hypertrophy showing relatively mild ventilatory impairment and moderate hypoxaemia. Two conclusions could be drawn: (1) the pulmonary artery pressure at rest could be normal despite the evidence of right ventricular hypertrophy, and (2) a mild ventilatory impairment does not exclude an elevated pulmonary artery pressure or the development of right ventricular hypertrophy in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. PMID- 6238383 TI - Pulmonary vascular changes in young and aging rats exposed to 5,486 m altitude. AB - Young (YNG) and middle-aged (MA) male rats were exposed to 5,486 m for durations ranging from 1 to 42 days to determine the effect of age on the progression of polycythemia, right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH), lung vascular muscularization, and pulmonary vascular responsiveness. Other rats were exposed for 42 days at 5,486 m and were then allowed to recover at 1,520 m for periods up to 42 days. The progression and subsequent regression of polycythemia and RVH with altitude exposure were similar for YNG and MA rats. However, YNG rats exhibited vascular muscularization during the altitude exposure, characterized by hypertrophy of smooth muscle cells, whereas MA rats exhibited little or no change in vascular morphology. Lungs from both altitude-exposed YNG and MA rats exhibited blunting of acute hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction upon exposure to 5,486 m, with more severe blunting apparent in MA rats. Pressor responses to angiotensin II (AII) were potentiated in lungs from high altitude rats, particularly in the YNG rats, and this increased responsiveness persisted during the recovery period. A positive correlation was found in YNG rats between the degree of vascular muscularization and the pressor response to AII, suggesting that increased muscle mass was partially responsible for the potentiated AII responses. However, MA rats did not exhibit the same correlation for AII, and neither YNG nor MA rats exhibited increased responsiveness to 5-hydroxytryptamine. The results indicate that age influences the morphologic responses to altitude exposure and vascular responsiveness to AII, but does not affect the polycythemic response or the degree of RVH. PMID- 6238384 TI - [Coronary arteries]. PMID- 6238385 TI - [Interventional angiography of the kidney]. PMID- 6238386 TI - [Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of the peripheral arteries]. PMID- 6238387 TI - [Elements of orientation in the surgical treatment of carotid lesions]. PMID- 6238388 TI - [Physiopathological bases of therapy influencing noradrenergic transmission in ischemic cerebral accidents]. PMID- 6238389 TI - [Research methodology and aspects of the morbidity and effectiveness of hospitalization in mental disorders. V. Contributions on the increased efficiency of medical assistance of hospitalized mental patients]. PMID- 6238390 TI - [Biochemical and physiopathological bases of the study of tryptophan metabolism in schizophrenia]. PMID- 6238391 TI - [Henri Ey (1900-1977)]. PMID- 6238392 TI - [A psychiatric therapeutic system. Theoretical and practical aspects]. PMID- 6238394 TI - [Occupational allergies to flour. Measures for occupational rehabilitation of the Disability Insurance from 1978 to 1982 and the new status under the 1984 Insurance Law]. PMID- 6238393 TI - [Surgery of cerebral ischemia. Disobstructing operations or revascularization by by-pass]. PMID- 6238395 TI - [What is your diagnosis? Sezary cells]. PMID- 6238396 TI - [Conscious sedation in pedodontics. Introduction to the technic of inhalation sedation]. PMID- 6238397 TI - Legally speaking. What to do if you're hurt on the job. PMID- 6238398 TI - Laparoscopic contribution to liver tumour diagnosis. AB - From the about 3000 laparoscopies effected in our Department, 276 liver tumors (9.2%) were detected. Of these, 47 (17%) were primary adenocarcinomata (28), or adenocarcinomata grafted on cirrhosis (19). The large majority (195 cases: 70.6%) consisted of metastases of digestive (gastric, large intestine, pancreatic) or extradigestive (breast, ocular, genital) tumors. In 34 cases the tumor formations where represented by hydatic cysts, abscesses and hemangiomata (3 cases). The decisive contribution of peritonescopy to the diagnosis of the primary or the metastatic liver cancer as well as of other liver tumors is obvious. PMID- 6238399 TI - [Efficacy of intravenous dichloromethylene diphosphonate in paraneoplastic hypercalcemia resistant to mithramycin]. PMID- 6238400 TI - A quantitative assay detecting small numbers of effector helper T cells, regardless of clonal specificity. AB - We have developed a new assay for quantitative detection of all helper T cells that can induce normal B lymphocytes to proliferation and Ig secretion. To establish the optimal assay conditions, we have used cloned T helper cells of defined specificities that had previously been shown to activate normal B lymphocytes expressing the specific antigen(s) on direct cellular interactions. As shown in this paper, 'irrelevant' B lymphocytes--that is, those that do not express either antigen or restriction elements recognized by the effector helper T cells--can also be induced in the presence of appropriate concentrations of pokeweed mitogen which are not mitogenic for the 'target' B lymphocytes. 'Nonspecific' plaque-forming cell responses are of the same magnitude as those provided to specifically triggered targets and equal or better than those induced by lipopolysaccharide. The assay is highly sensitive and enables 'semi quantitative' detection of less than 20-30 effector T cells per culture. Since effector helper T cells can be detected regardless of the clonal specificity, the assay appears useful for quantitative studies of various populations of T helper cells displaying mixed specificities and for the classification of cells with unknown functions. PMID- 6238401 TI - Effect of bestatin on in vitro responses of murine lymphocytes to T-cell stimuli. AB - Bestatin, a dipeptide protease inhibitor that has been reported to have immunomodulatory properties, was tested for its ability to augment the in vitro response of murine lymphocytes to allogeneic cells and to concanavalin A (Con A) or NaIO4 treatment. Bestatin augmented the response of spleen cells to allogeneic stimulation but was inhibitory in Con A and NaIO4 mitogenic assays. No augmentation of the allogeneic response was found if cells from responder and stimulator strains were genetically similar for the I region of the major histocompatibility complex. Bestatin did not restore the reduced mitogenic response of spleen cells from cyclophosphamide-treated animals. Although bestatin had no influence on interleukin activity once produced, it enhanced the production of interleukin activity in Con A cultures. PMID- 6238402 TI - Characterization of a subset of human natural killer cells that express OKM1 but lack HNK-1 (Leu-7) antigens. AB - The HNK-1(Leu-7) monoclonal antibody selectively identifies a population of human granular lymphocytes with natural killer (NK) cell activity. We previously reported that the HNK-1+ cell fraction purified from blood mononuclear cells accounted for virtually all NK activity in six individuals. In this study we analysed additional normal individuals and found that in eight out of 14 donors HNK-1+ cells, purified with a fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS), exhibited greatly enriched NK cell activity, whereas HNK-1- cells did not have significant activity. In four donors the HNK-1+ cells were enriched in NK activity compared with HNK-1- cells; however, the HNK-1- cells also had moderate levels of activity. In the two remaining donors, NK activity was not enriched in the HNK-1+ fraction in comparison with the HNK-1- fraction. To determine the cell type responsible for NK activity in the HNK-1- subset, these cells were further sorted with the FACS onto OKM1+ and OMK1- fractions and analysed for morphology and function. HNK-1- OKM1- cells were found to be small- to medium-sized lymphocytes devoid of NK activity in all donors tested, whereas most HNK-1- OKM1+ cells were granular lymphocytes and in some donors demonstrated NK function at a level comparable to HNK-1+ cells. Thus some individuals have an important subset of granular lymphocytes with NK-cell activity and the HNK-1- OKM1+ phenotype. It is important to account for these cells in studies involving granular lymphocytes and NK cell function. PMID- 6238403 TI - Giant ventral hernias and their repair. AB - A method is described for the reconstruction of the abdominal wall in cases of large ventral hernia, by employing the frontal leaf of the rectus fascia and free fascia transplant, combined with muscle transposition. The results of 14 operations have been satisfactory in 11 cases, over an average observation period of 28 months. The method is recommended for very large ventral hernias, particularly in patients suffering from pulmonary symptoms, where reduction of the abdominal volume is undesirable. PMID- 6238405 TI - [Sexual difference in pathophysiology of coronary artery disease]. PMID- 6238406 TI - Prevalence of antibodies to lymphadenopathy-associated retrovirus in African patients with AIDS. AB - The presence of antibodies to lymphadenopathy-associated retrovirus (LAV) was determined by a radioimmunoprecipitation assay and by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent solid assay of sera from Zairian patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) in 1983. Thirty-five of 37 patients (94 percent) and 32 of 36 patients (88 percent), respectively, were seropositive by the two tests. In a control group of 26 patients, six (23 percent) showed positive results in these tests. Of these six control patients, five had clinically demonstrable infectious diseases and a low ratio of T4 to T8 lymphocytes. In addition, sera collected from a control group of Zairian mothers in 1980 were positive for LAV in 5 of 100 cases. Other serologic data suggest that LAV was present as early as 1977 in Zaire. PMID- 6238404 TI - Information and regime at low back pain. AB - In a consecutive series of 56 District Health patients with low back pain, 24 had special training and instructions in a Back School, while the 32 in a control group--even if seen regularly, did not get the same intense attention. The two groups were found to have the same characteristics. No significant differences could be demonstrated either concerning the initial duration of symptoms and sick leave or the number of recurrences and their duration during the observation year. The interpretation of this lack of positive effect is, that in this comparatively more heterogenous population the actual procedure has less influence. However, there were more patients with periods of sick-leave for different other reasons in the control group. Not surprisingly the treated group of patients were also more satisfied. We therefore conclude, that the initial treatment could be limited to advice about back care, preferably a few days bed rest, with concrete advice about the back and prescriptions for analgesics when needed. PMID- 6238407 TI - Chemical mutation of enzyme active sites. AB - New active sites can be introduced into naturally occurring enzymes by the chemical modification of specific amino acid residues with the use of appropriately designed coenzyme analogs. The resultant semisynthetic enzymes can have catalytic activities very different from those of the corresponding native enzymes. For example, papain has been converted into a highly effective oxidoreductase by covalent modification of the sulfhydryl group of the active site cysteine residue (Cys25) with flavins such as 8-bromoacetyl-10 methylisoalloxazine. Thus, it is now possible to enhance the catalytic versatility of existing enzymes through the process of "chemical mutation" of the active site. PMID- 6238408 TI - Cyclophilin: a specific cytosolic binding protein for cyclosporin A. AB - Cyclophilin, a specific cytosolic binding protein responsible for the concentration of the immunosuppressant cyclosporin A by lymphoid cells, was purified to homogeneity from bovine thymocytes. Cation-exchange high-performance liquid chromatography resolved a major and minor cyclophilin species that bind cyclosporin A with a dissociation constant of about 2 X 10(-7) moles per liter and specific activities of 77 and 67 micrograms per milligram of protein, respectively. Both cyclophilin species have an apparent molecular weight of 15,000, an isoelectric point of 9.6, and nearly identical amino acid compositions. A portion of the NH2-terminal amino acid sequence of the major species was determined. The cyclosporin A-binding activity of cyclophilin is sulfhydryl dependent, unstable at 56 degrees C and at pH 4 or 9.5, and sensitive to trypsin but not to chymotrypsin digestion. Cyclophilin specifically binds a series of cyclosporin analogs in proportion to their activity in a mixed lymphocyte reaction. Isolation of cyclophilin from the cytosol of thymocytes suggests that the immunosuppressive activity of cyclosporin A is mediated by an intracellular mechanism, not by a membrane-associated mechanism. PMID- 6238409 TI - Definition of the cell types within the "null lymphocyte" population of human peripheral blood: an analysis of phenotypes and functions. PMID- 6238411 TI - Disability research and policy. PMID- 6238410 TI - Failure of bone scanning to detect fractures in a woman on chronic steroid therapy. AB - Osteopenic bones in patients on chronic steroid therapy are often difficult to assess for occult fractures. Such patients are also at greater risk for fractures. Technetium 99m bone scan is currently thought to represent the most sensitive method of diagnosing these lesions. We present a case of failure of diagnosis of a subtle fracture by Tc-99m bone scan and speculate on the role of steroid therapy in the mechanism of this failure. PMID- 6238412 TI - The challenge of helping the handicapped. AB - Disabled persons represent a special problem for health and welfare services, as the services are usually specialized but the patient needs are multiple and need coordination. A brief description is given as to how in Ottawa, Canada, in the mid 1970s, voluntary efforts by health and welfare providers and patients and friends combined to smooth the road for at least some disabled persons. PMID- 6238413 TI - Disability and health status: the importance of longitudinal studies. AB - This paper discusses the evolving societal perspective on and response to disability, social factors affecting the incidence and prevalence of disability, trends relating to morbidity and mortality and their measurement as social indicators and the potential for using measurements of disability among populations as indicators of quality of life or societal well-being. The essential point of the paper is that disability is a dynamic rather than a fixed phenomenon which can best be understood through longitudinal studies of various types. PMID- 6238414 TI - Intervention in work-related disability: the need for an integrated approach. AB - This paper looks at work-related disability in the United States as it is currently addressed according to the policies and procedures of the Social Security Disability Administration and the Workers' Compensation system. These policies and procedures proceed from a medical model that emphasizes health impairment as the fundamental cause of work-related disability. Thus physicians' evaluations of work-related impairment are the primary basis for administrative disability determinations. Increasing litigation regarding disability determinations and experience with long-term work-related disability suggest that the guiding policies are flawed. Work-related disability is as much a problem of manpower policy as it is one of personal health, but most employers and compensation programs in the United States do not yet respond to it as such. Recommended is a shift from a medical to a socioeconomic frame of reference for work-related disability that would overtly recognize regional variations in the static and dynamic factors of the economy and that would promote return to work and rehabilitation. Political intervention will be necessary. Because cultural values and social relationships are part of the problem, new research is needed in correlates of work-related disability. PMID- 6238416 TI - Environment and treatment: methodological notes on program evaluation and institutional culture. AB - This paper discusses the evaluation of a small regional children's rehabilitation centre. Several data sets were obtained including patient records and physical examinations of and interviews with Centre graduates. Originally, the project sought to describe the Centre's growth and determine successful programs. Design changes led to an examination of the relationship between institutional culture and the subsequent lifestyles of the graduates. The data strongly suggested that the institution's value orientation, which stressed successful accomplishment of daily living activities, life skills, had an impact upon an 'isolate lifestyle' apparent in the graduates. Standard statistical analysis are not able to support these conclusions. The methodological problems which lead to weaknesses in evaluation designs are discussed. It was concluded that researchers lack the methodological tools which would permit them to 'go beyond' simply reporting demographics, attitudes and opinions and making inferences into testing the relationships between institutional practices and subsequent behaviours. PMID- 6238415 TI - How shall we see them? Perspectives for research with disabled organizations. AB - This paper analyzes the experiences of two social scientists who participated as consultants in a long-term (4 years) film production project sponsored by an organization of disabled persons. The expectations of the investigators (both able bodied) at the beginning of the project are summarized, particularly with regard to social organization within the disabled community. The analysis contrasts these expectations with the reality of the project experience, focusing on the pertinence of appropriate variables for understanding the structure and behavior of disabled groups. A concluding section suggests implications for other investigators involved on a cooperative basis with disabled groups in applied research. PMID- 6238418 TI - [Immunosorption in the treatment of an atopic form of bronchial asthma]. PMID- 6238417 TI - Women have headaches, men have backaches: patterns of illness in an Appalachian community. AB - In an Appalachian area in the United States, the incidence of women's headaches and men's backaches is not within normal patterns of medical statistics. Appalachian perceptions of disability contrast with the predominate society. Disability is inevitable and inevitably accompanies age. Virtually all incapacity is deemed disabling, but to be a 'deserving disabled person', one must be 'moral' and physically active. As 'goodchristians', members of the community must minister to the disabled and their families. Customarily rehabilitation is not viewed as a viable option. This initial exploration suggests psychosocial correlations and value orientation as preliminary explanations. PMID- 6238419 TI - [Material and technical basis for providing medical services to the rural population by mobile health units]. PMID- 6238420 TI - [Teaching traumatology in advanced surgery courses]. PMID- 6238421 TI - Influence of anthropometric factors and joint laxity in the incidence of adolescent back pain. AB - Out of 446 pupils aged 13-17 years, 115 were found to have a history of back pain. These pupils tended to have decreased lower limb joint mobility and increased trunk length compared with pupils without back pain. In 77 pupils whose site of back pain was identified, 38 had pain associated with the lumbar spine. These pupils had an increased trunk length while those with thoracolumbar or thoracic pain did not. Back pain was more common in those who avoided sports. PMID- 6238422 TI - The histochemical composition of human vertebral muscle. AB - This paper describes the ranges of variation of characteristics present in human vertebral muscle. The samples used are from subjects who had a relatively brief history of spinal dysfunction. The samples have been taken in a precise manner and from a specific vertebral level with both sides of the vertebral column being studied including both superficial and deep muscles. These values for typical muscle for the ages investigated now can be used in studies involving abnormal vertebral muscle. PMID- 6238423 TI - Mechanism of facet load transmission as a hypothesis for low-back pain. AB - Low-back pain has a complex and multi-faceted etiology. The articular facets have been shown to be load-bearing structures and may be a site for low-back pain. The aim of this paper is to establish the mechanism for the transmission of axial load across a facet joint and to propose a facet-related hypothesis for low-back pain. The mechanism of load transmission was studied by two methods. Lumbar segments were instrumented with an intervertebral load cell (IVLC) to measure disc load so that facet load could be deduced. The applied load was moved 10 mm anteriorly and 12.5 mm posteriorly from the center of the vertebral body. The facets then were separated from the body and loaded axially to determine their stiffness in tension and compression and to observe the failure mode of the joint. It was shown optically that compressive loading of the isolated facet joints was equivalent to spinal extension and tensile loading to spinal flexion. Lastly, a finite element model of a lumbar motion segment was developed to simulate the transmission of facet load and to study the effects of disc degeneration on facet loads. Results of the study on six lumbar segments revealed that the normal facets carried 3-25%. If the facet joint was arthritic, the load could be as high as 47%. Experiments on isolated facet joints revealed that they behaved as a stiffening spring in compression and were weak in tension.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6238424 TI - Use of noninvasive techniques for quantification of spinal range-of-motion in normal subjects and chronic low-back dysfunction patients. AB - Quantitative measures of physical function (range of motion, strength, stability) are critical to musculoskeletal care of the extremities, yet such objective measures in the spine are currently unavailable. In this paper, the authors present a simple, single inclinometer modification of the method of Loebl, which offers the opportunity to separate the components of the compound motion of hip and spine. Analysis of the motion in normal and chronic low-back pain patients allows differentiation of the groups, demonstration of progress in rehabilitation programs, determination of impairment, and provides tests of patient compliance and level of motivation. PMID- 6238425 TI - Significance of bone scintigraphy in symptomatic spondylolysis. AB - In a prospective study, the authors evaluated the usefulness of bone scintigraphy in the work-up of young military personnel with lumbar spondylolysis and persistent low back pain. Ten out of 23 spondylolytic individuals with a recent history of low back pain had positive scintigrams, and none of a group of painless spondylolytic individuals had positive scans. We believe these results indicate that bone scintigraphy is of value in determining whether a spondylolysis in a young individual can be attributed to recent physical exertion or a specific recent traumatic incident. PMID- 6238426 TI - Lateral and computerized transverse 99mTc-Mdp bone scintigrams to supplement the anteroposterior bone scintigram for spinal hot spot localization. Report of a case. PMID- 6238427 TI - Vascular access for haemodialysis--experience at Johannesburg Hospital. AB - Experience with angio-access in patients with chronic end-stage renal failure undergoing haemodialysis, including those with arteriovenous fistulas constructed within the past 3 years, is reviewed. In patients in group 1, 137 fistulas were constructed; the patency rate at 2 years was 66% and at 4 years 47%. Complications were due to thrombosis, aneurysm and poor operative technique. In group 2 fistulas were constructed from synthetic material in 33 patients; the patency rate at 2 years was 44% and at 4 years 36%. Complications were due to thrombosis and sepsis. No correlation was found between raised fibrinogen levels and fistula or graft failures. Dialysis needles of different gauges were compared; the 16-gauge Terumo needle was found to cause no hemolysis and was adequate for use in dialysis. PMID- 6238428 TI - Management of self-inflicted oral trauma: report of case. PMID- 6238429 TI - Treatment needs and care delivery in a graduate training program of dentistry for the disabled. PMID- 6238430 TI - An introduction to dye lasers and photoradiation therapy. AB - Therapeutic use of the dye laser holds great promise. The use of hematoporphyrin derivative and photoradiation therapy demonstrates significant potential in cancer therapy. PMID- 6238431 TI - Bronchoscopic phototherapy using hematoporphyrin derivative. AB - Phototherapy in the presence of hematoporphyrin (HPD) produces cytotoxicity through both energy- and power-dependent mechanisms. The resulting cellular death demonstrates the promise of HPD in the therapy of small cancers. This article reports our clinical experience and follow-up results of treating 19 patients with cancer of the tracheobronchial tree, who have completed at least one course of HPD administered via the flexible fiberoptic bronchoscope. PMID- 6238432 TI - Localization and treatment of nonpalpable testes. AB - Five young males with bilateral nonpalpable testes are presented. In all instances, the testes were localized by laparoscopy. Only one patient had unilateral anorchia at laparotomy which was demonstrated by this technique. Laparoscopy may be more accurate than other nonoperative techniques for localizing nonpalpable testes. Additionally, it facilitates surgical planning and may obviate the need for surgical exploration in some patients. PMID- 6238435 TI - Inherited deficiencies of complement proteins in man. PMID- 6238433 TI - The alternative pathway of complement. PMID- 6238437 TI - Long-term results of direct vertebral artery operations. AB - Arteriosclerotic occlusive disease of the vertebral arteries is common; however, vertebral artery operations are performed infrequently. From 1971 through 1983 more than 3000 cerebrovascular operations were performed; only 40 of these were direct vertebral artery operations. There were 22 women and 18 men, varying in age from 44 to 80 years (mean 61.6 years). Symptoms included dizziness or vertigo in 29 patients (73%), transient ischemic attacks in 17 (43%), syncope in eight (20%), and previous stroke in 14 (35%). Operative procedures were directed toward establishing normal antegrade vertebral flow by reimplantation (21 patients), patch graft (15 patients), or grafts (three patients). Two patients underwent bilateral procedures. There were no operative deaths. All except two patients (95%) were available for follow-up at 1 to 12 years (mean follow-up 7.75 years). There were eight late deaths from 1 to 9 years, with a 12-year actuarial survival rate of 75.8%. The eight patients who died were known to be without symptoms before death. Of the 30 survivors available for follow-up, 21 remained without symptoms, seven patients showed no improvement, two patients who had no symptoms had recurrence at 4 and 5 years, and one patient without symptoms had a stroke at 7 years. In this select group of patients with severe disease, direct vertebral artery operations have resulted in significant long-term relief of symptoms and prevention of transient ischemic attacks and strokes. PMID- 6238434 TI - The chemistry and biology of complement receptors. PMID- 6238436 TI - The role of complement in experimental disease models. PMID- 6238438 TI - [Heart rhythm disorders in myocardial lesions and coronary insufficiency]. PMID- 6238439 TI - [Experience with introduction of an instrumental-diagnostic complex in outpatient clinics]. AB - The paper is concerned with introduction under outpatient conditions of an instrumental diagnostic complex including, apart from routine electrocardiographic and x-ray examinations, more specialized techniques, namely phonocardiography and echocardiography. Based on examination of 273 patients with different heart diseases the authors worded indications for echocardiography with emphasis on the necessity of rejecting or confirming the diagnosis, of specifying the diagnosis upon the deciding on the surgical treatment, and so forth. The authors conclude that it is necessary to use the instrumental diagnostic complex under outpatient conditions. They stress, however, that its successful use completely depends on the number of outpatients. The present paper is of interest for physicians specialized in functional diagnosis made in- and outpatiently. PMID- 6238440 TI - The effect of medroxyprogesterone acetate (Depo-Provera) on prenatal development in the baboon (Papio anubis): a preliminary study. AB - Six female olive baboons (Papio cynocephalus anubis) were treated with a single dose of 150 mg of Depo-Provera i.m. at day 30 of pregnancy, approximately three times the human dose equivalent on a body weight basis. Fetectomies were performed at day 100 of gestation. The body weights and measurements of the five live fetuses were comparable to age-matched controls and no gross or histologic abnormalities were seen. The dead fetus was in an advanced state of decomposition. This preliminary study suggests that, at levels up to three times that used for human contraception, Depo-Provera does not appear to have any adverse effects on fetal development. PMID- 6238441 TI - Plasmin inhibitors and fibrinogen breakdown during the initial phase of thrombolytic treatment--the problem of the alpha 2-antiplasmin determination. AB - During the first 3 hr of thrombolytic treatment with porcine plasmin (p-PL) or streptokinase (SK) a rapid decrease of clottable fibrinogen with generation of large amounts of fibrin(-ogen) degradation products (FDP) are found. alpha 2 antiplasmin (alpha 2AP) is rapidly neutralized. Whereas in patients treated with SK more than half of the original plasminogen was consumed, its level remained unchanged during p-PL infusion. When alpha 2AP reaches values below some 20%, spontaneous amidolytic activity towards S-2251 representing either PL-alpha 2 macroglobulin- or SK-plasminogen-complex activity appears. This activity has to be considered in the alpha 2AP assay in order to avoid underestimation of this inhibitor. PMID- 6238442 TI - The establishment of a standard for plasminogen (glu-type). AB - Following an international collaborative study, a preparation of glutamic acid (glu-)human plasminogen was established as a British Standard. This study compared the activity of the proposed standard following full activation to plasmin with the 2nd International Reference Preparation (IRP) for plasmin using both fibrinolytic and chromogenic assays. There was good agreement between the results of the two assay methods. The activity of the standard was 10 units per ampoule, these units being equivalent to those defined by the 2nd IRP for plasmin. PMID- 6238443 TI - Anticoagulant properties of purified X-like fragments of human fibrinogen produced by degradation with leukocyte elastase. AB - The anticoagulant properties of fibrinogen digestion products change with stage of digestion. On digestion with leukocyte elastase, in the presence of calcium ions, the anticoagulant potency of fibrinogen digests first increases, then decreases sharply, and in late stages increases again. This is different from plasmin digestion where only an increase in anticoagulant activity is seen followed by a slow decrease. From SDS-gel electrophoresis it appears that both the early rise and the decrease in anticoagulant activity are associated with the stage of elastase-produced X-like fragments. This is confirmed with pure fragments: X-like fragments (purified from elastase digests of fibrinogen of different stages by ammonium sulphate precipitation and ion-exchange chromatography) give an increase and decrease in anticlotting activity which correlates very well with that of the potency of the digest from which they are purified. As expected, and in contrast with (late) plasmic X-fragments, late elastase X-like fragments have a low anticoagulant potency. The molecular basis for the gain and loss in anticoagulant activity going from early to late X-like fragments is obscure. Immunological tests, calcium-binding experiments and affinity chromatography on immobilized thrombin-activated NDSK suggest that the changes in anticoagulant activity are not due to a proteolytic change in the carboxyl-terminal part of the gamma-chain in the D moiety of the molecule. Our data suggest a correlation with the stage of digestion of the A alpha-chain in the X-like fragments. PMID- 6238444 TI - Pressure-induced metabolic activation of platelets demonstrated in vitro by determination of malondialdehyde formation. AB - Platelet rich plasma (PRP) exposed in vitro to 200 mm Hg above atmospheric pressure showed a significant increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) formation compared to PRP at atmospheric pressure. This difference is also evident when platelets are incubated with arachidonic acid. The increase of MDA demonstrates that the increased beta-thromboglobulin and platelet factor 4 in plasma and the shape changes of platelets after pressure stimulation in vitro that were described in a previous paper result from the release reaction. Pressure-induced effects in vivo are discussed. PMID- 6238445 TI - Changes in plasma levels of protease and fibrinolytic inhibitors induced by treatment in acute myeloid leukemia. AB - We have studied the main protease inhibitors of leukocytes, alpha-1-protease (alpha 1-PI), alpha-1-antichymotrypsin (alpha 1-Achy) and alpha-2-macroglobulin (alpha 2-M), as well as different parameters of coagulation and fibrinolysis in 21 cases of acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia (ANLL) before, during and after therapy. Nine of the patients presented signs of DIC, 8 of whom belonged to subtype M3 and to subtype 1 M1. The initial alpha 1-PI and alpha 1-Achy levels, which were elevated, increased during the treatment period. There was no significant difference between patients with and without DIC. However, those leukemic patients with DIC showed a significant decrease in plasminogen (p less than 0.005) and fast antiplasmin (p less than 0.01) only during the treatment compared with DIC free patients. All DIC cases demonstrated circulating plasmin antiplasmin complex (P-AP) both before and during treatment. Independent of a possible proteolytic action of leukocyte enzymes on clotting factors in the clinical course of ANLL (mainly M3 subtype), our results suggest an activation of plasmin-mediated fibrinolysis related to the activation of plasminogen by leukocytes, reactive DIC or both. PMID- 6238446 TI - Activation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes in HLA-A, -B and -C-identical responder stimulator pairs. I. Variations in generation of anti-class-II CTL in primary mixed lymphocyte cultures. AB - Cytotoxic T lymphocytes were activated in primary one-way mixed lymphocyte cultures of cells matched for serologically defined HLA-A, -B and -C antigens. In 16 out of the 29 combinations mismatched for the HLA-D/DR antigens, cell-mediated lympholysis of the stimulator cells occurred. The specificity of 5 selected cytotoxic T lymphocytes was studied in detail. Three of these cytotoxic T lymphocytes recognize antigenic determinants associated with HLA-Bw35 (Breuning et al. 1984, II). The 2 other cytotoxic T lymphocytes failed to lyse T-target cells enriched by rosetting with sheep red blood cells, whereas target cells from the 'non-T' fraction were strongly lysed, indicating that antigenic determinants associated with Class-II HLA molecules were the targets recognized by these cytotoxic T lymphocytes. This notion was supported by a study of a panel of HLA typed third-party target cells. One cytotoxic T-lymphocyte population preferentially lysed HLA-DR2-positive target cells. Family studies, including a family with a recombination between HLA-B and -D, showed that the target antigen recognized by the latter cytotoxic T lymphocyte segregated with DR2. The second cytotoxic T-lymphocyte population recognized a determinant associated with DRw8. However, in 13 of the 29 HLA-A-, -B- and -C-identical, D/DR-different combinations, cell-mediated lympholysis of stimulator target cells could not be detected, not even on enriched 'non-T' target cells. Thus, after primary mixed lymphocyte culture of HLA-A-, -B- and C-identical, HLA-D/DR-non-identical cells, cytotoxic T lymphocytes directed against sensitizing Class-II molecules can be detected in some combinations, but not in others. PMID- 6238447 TI - Association of HLA-DR antigens with the autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction. AB - A study was performed to evaluate the association of HLA-DR antigens with the proliferative response of T cells in autologous mixed lymphocyte cultures. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 100 normal healthy individuals were typed for HLA-DR antigens and autologous mixed lymphocyte cultures were established. A low proliferative response from autologous cultures was found with individuals bearing HLA-DR3 antigens and in individuals with only one identifiable HLA-DR antigen. In contrast, a strong proliferative response was associated with HLA-DR6 and two identifiable HLA-DR antigens. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that HLA-DR3 antigens are associated with a weak immune response gene and HLA-DR6 antigens are associated with a strong immune response gene. PMID- 6238448 TI - [Experiences in the paraimmunization of cats in veterinary practice]. AB - The inducer PIND-AVI was used prophylactically and therapeutically to test the effects of paramunization in a SPF cat colony and in various small animal practices. Prophylactic paramunization significantly improved the breeding results in the SPF cat colony. Mortality declined from 44.6% to 3.4%. The corresponding placebo groups were also tested thereby demonstrating the significance of the results. In comparison, the treatment of acutely diseased cats (all of the same litter or the same colony) showed that paramunization can also be used as an additional measure to the conventional therapy of infectious diseases with different etiology. Furthermore, it is possible that this measure alone can limit the incidence of disease providing the dosage is high enough and treatment is long enough (at least 3-5 days). The course of disease is thereafter mild and complications can be hindered. Chronic and recurrent infections (e.g., dermatitis and gingivitis) can be controlled with repeated paramunization. Prophylactic paramunization decreases the danger of an acute infection and provides for the newborn's fast adaptation to a contaminated environment. It also reduces the consequences of an exogenous and endogenous immune suppression. PMID- 6238449 TI - Multiplicity of functional behavior of human intercostal muscles. AB - Single motor unit activity from the 6th intercostal space in five healthy adults was analyzed during rebreathing, voluntary deep inspiration, Valsalve maneuver and phonation. Action potentials and pneumotach flow were stored on tape and fed to the computer for subsequent analysis. Spike-by-spike analyses revealed three functional types of intercostal motor units. One unit fired almost exclusively during inspiration and its firing was augmented by rebreathing and voluntary deep inspiration (phasic I unit). The second type fired continuously throughout the respiratory cycle with an increase in firing during expiration (tonic E unit); its activity was disrupted during phonation but not during rebreathing, suggesting a postural rather than respiratory function. The third type, silent during quiet breathing, was recruited during rebreathing, voluntary deep inspiration or Valsalve maneuver; its firing started in late inspiration and ceased in early expiration (phase-spanning I-E unit). The relationships between tidal volume and inspiratory time during rebreathing showed that the third type was recruited when tidal volume reached a critical 'volume threshold', suggesting that vagal volume feedback is essential for its activation. PMID- 6238451 TI - [Dental technician contest for Best in the Profession]. PMID- 6238450 TI - [Functional activity of lymphocyte immunoregulatory subpopulations in periodontal diseases]. PMID- 6238452 TI - [Calcium and phosphorus content of mixed saliva and the growth in the degree of caries in children in relation to the season of the year]. PMID- 6238454 TI - Suppressor cell responses in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: the effect of thymosin. AB - Peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and age and sex-matched normal controls were compared in a Concanavalin A (Con A) induced suppressor cell assay. Suppression induced by pre-incubation with Con A was significantly greater in PBL from RA patients than in PBL from normal controls. Preincubation with thymosin fraction 5, in the absence of Con A, also induced greater suppressor cell activity in PBL from normal controls. Preincubation with Con A and thymosin, simultaneously, induced suppression similar to that seen with Con A alone. These results suggest the presence of an immunoregulatory defect in RA, characterized by an excess of both Con A and thymosin-inducible suppressor cells, that may play a role in disease pathogenesis. The implications of these observations for immunotherapy of rheumatoid arthritis with thymosin are discussed. PMID- 6238455 TI - HLA-DR typing as a predictor of MLC compatibility. AB - Mixed lymphocyte culture reactions between HLA-identical siblings, HLA-DR identical parent-child and sibling pairs, HLA-DR identical unrelated normal individuals, and cadaver kidney graft donor and recipient pairs were compared for MLC compatibility. Of 34 HLA identical sibling pairs, 31 (91%) showed a percentage of relative response (RR%) of less than 5%. Forty-two of 79 HLA-DR identical parent-child and sibling pairs (53%), 8 of 61 unrelated individuals (13%) and 4 of 7 cadaver transplant donor-recipient pairs showed %RR values of less than 20%, which is consistent with MLC compatibility. An additional 7 parent child and sibling pairs and 8 unrelated combinations were in the borderline range yielding %RRs of 20-30%. Median %RR values were significantly increased in the DR compatible unrelated group as compared with the DR-compatible related group (p less than .001). In the related group pairs matched for HLA-B in addition to HLA DR had a significantly lower median %RR than pairs matched for HLA-DR only (p less than .001). In addition, a higher frequency of MLC-compatible combinations was found when B/DR-compatible antigens were present in a positive linkage disequilibrium. The same trend was observed in the unrelated population, but the number of B/DR compatible pairs in the population was low. The data demonstrate the range of MLC reactions between HLA-DR-compatible related and unrelated individuals and support the hypothesis that individuals compatible for HLA-B and DR antigens in a strong linkage disequilibrium are more likely to be MLC compatible. PMID- 6238453 TI - [Histochemical studies on dental pulp with inlays of thymol-phosphate cement and "Kalmecin"]. PMID- 6238457 TI - Increased incidence of murine graft-versus-host disease after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation by previous infusion of syngeneic bone marrow cells. AB - Different groups of BALB/c mice received supralethal total-body irradiation (TBI; 8.5 Gy, day 0). When 30 x 10(6) allogeneic (C57B1) bone marrow (BM) cells were infused with or without 10 x 10(6) syngeneic (BALB/c) bM cells on day 1, many animals (60%) died from graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). Typing of peripheral blood leukocytes for donor antigens showed that, respectively, 22/22 and 17/21 of the mice in both groups became chimeric. When syngeneic bone marrow was given on day 1 and allogeneic bone marrow on day 2 after TBI, a similar number of animals (21/23) became chimeric, but GVHD occurred more frequently in this group (25/26 mice, P less than 0.01). When the syngeneic bone marrow cells were replaced by spleen cells, or when the transplantation of allogeneic bone marrow was delayed till days 3 or 6 after TBI, almost all mice rejected the allogeneic BM graft and became long-term survivors. BALB/c mice receiving 30 x 10(6) C57B1 BM cells after 17 daily fractions of 0.2 Gy of total lymphoid irradiation (TLI), showed a high incidence of chimerism (15/17) and in none of the latter animals was GVHD observed. Despite the high incidence of GVHD in the mice receiving allogeneic BM after TBI and syngeneic BM transplantation, as compared with mice prepared with TLI which do not develop GVHD, suppressor cells were as easily induced after TBI and syngeneic BM transplantation as after TLI. PMID- 6238456 TI - Control of cloned alloreactive T lymphocyte proliferative responses. A possible role for cell-surface-bound alloantigen. AB - Previous studies using flow cytofluorometry demonstrated that passively acquired alloantigens encoded by the I-A and H-2K/D regions of the MHC could be identified on the surface of murine cloned T lymphocytes. The present studies were designed to further characterize the nature of that bound alloantigenic material on cloned lines of alloreactive amplifier T cells (Th). Immune precipitation and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis were used to substantiate that allogeneic I-A and H-2K/D antigens were present on he surface of these cloned Th. Using proteolytic digestion with papain, bound allogeneic I-A and H-2K/D was removed from the surface of a cloned Th designated L2. Allogeneic I-A or surface of a cloned Th designated L2. Allogeneic I-A or H-2K/D antigens were not reexpressed if papain digested cells were incubated overnight in culture medium without addition of fresh alloantigen. Further, cloned cells did not release detectable amounts of interleukin 2 (IL-2) in response to Con A stimulation immediately following enzymatic digestion. After overnight culture, papain-digested cells released amounts of IL-2 similar to untreated controls. The proliferative response of these cells measured by 3H-thymidine incorporation, however, was significantly less than that observed using undigested controls, unless alloantigen was provided in the form of fresh irradiated stimulating cells. The addition of partially purified preparations of monoclonal anti Ia antibodies to cultures of cloned Th resulted in marked reduction in incorporation of 3HTdR. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that modulation of the Th proliferative response may occur at least partially through binding of allogeneic material to the cell surface. PMID- 6238458 TI - The inhibition of fatal graft-versus-host disease by immunization of donor or host with bacillus Calmette-Guerin cell walls. AB - F1 mice receiving sublethal whole-body x-irradiation (300 rads) or treatment with cyclophosphamide prior to the i.p. inoculation of parental spleen cells developed fatal graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). A greater survival rate was obtained when the inoculated parenteral spleen cells were obtained from BCGcw-preimmunized donors. The immunization of the F1 host with bacillus Calmette-Guerin cell walls (BCGcw) also increased host survival. The combined treatment of preimmunizing the host with BCGcw and of using spleen cells from BCGcw-immunized parental donors to initiate the GVHD resulted in producing the least severe GVHD and the greatest overall survival. The systemic transfer of x-irradiated spleen cells from BCGcw immunized parental mice inhibited the fatal GVHD induced by the inoculation of normal parental spleen cells. These studies show that BCGcw immunization of the host or obtaining parental spleen cells from BCGcw-immunized animals resulted in improving the overall survival rate in graft-versus-host disease. BCGcw immunization induces suppressor cells and the decrease of graft-versus-host disease that was observed was most likely due to the induction of suppressor cells. PMID- 6238459 TI - Prolongation of allograft survival by repeated cycles of donor antigen and cyclosporine in rat kidney transplantation. AB - Combination therapy with a short course of cyclosporine (CsA) on the day prior to, to day of, and the day after transplantation and one dose of 5 mg 3M-KCl extracted donor-soluble antigen (Ag) prolongs the survival of Buffalo (Buf, RT1b) kidney allografts in Wistar-Furth (WFu, RTu) inbred rats because of the induction of specific suppressor cells. Four systems were utilized to demonstrate suppressor cell activity in vivo. First, pooled lymphocytes from CsA-Ag-treated hosts suppressed the capacity of admixed, syngeneic WFu cells to display an in vivo mixed lymphocyte culture reaction toward donor Buf, but not third-party Brown-Norway (BN, RT1n), hosts. Second, systemic adoptive transfer two days prior to, or on the day of, transplantation of 5 x 10(8) putative suppressor cells harvested ten days after combined Ag-CsA treatment prolonged graft survival slightly but significantly from 7 to 9 days in virgin, secondary hosts. Third, admixture of 5 x 10(8) cells from Ag-CsA-treated hosts vitiated the capacity of 5 x 10(8) virgin WFu spleen cells to restore the capacity of recipients sublethally irradiated with 500 rads to reject. Buf allografts at 7.9 days rather than 16.7 days. Fourth, i.p. administration of low-dose cyclosphophamide (CY) 7 days after transplantation, a regimen known to inhibit suppressor cells, reduced the capacity of the Ag-CsA regimen to prolong graft survival. Two additional cycles of CsA therapy at 10-day intervals administered in an attempt to maintain T suppressor dominance over T helper cells prolonged median graft survival to 65 days. Similar prolongation was not achieved using donor blood transfusion as the immunogen, or using cycles of CsA alone. These findings suggest that 3M KCl donor antigen amplifies the induction of specific suppressor cells, and that CsA by virtue of helper T cell inhibition facilitates the establishment of suppressor cell dominance, eventually leading to host unresponsiveness. PMID- 6238460 TI - Induction of immune alterations and successful renal transplantation with a simplified method of donor-specific blood transfusion. AB - We developed a new and simplified donor-specific blood transfusion (DSBT) protocol for prospective kidney transplant recipients from one-haplotype mismatched related donors. Prospective kidney donors gave 450 ml of blood in a quad-pack unit, and the blood was stored in a blood bank. Twenty-five patients were transfused with 100 ml of the respective donor's whole blood at 1, 8, and 15 days after its storage. After DSBT, only three (12%) developed donor-specific lymphocytotoxic antibodies. Following DSBT, donor-specific mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC) was significantly suppressed, without any accelerated (secondary type) response in early MLC. In addition, sera obtained after DSBT also suppressed donor-specific MLC significantly. Sixteen recipients subsequently received a kidney transplant from the donor, and all had functioning grafts at three months, but one lost the graft thereafter (graft survival rate: 94% at 12 months). This study indicates that (1) 100 ml of stored whole-blood DSBT three times at weekly intervals is a practical, less immunizing, and effective approach to enhance graft survival in recipients of a one-haplotype-mismatched graft; and (2) immune consequences of DSBT include induction of donor-specific cellular and humoral adaptive responses that might be conducive to successful graft outcome. PMID- 6238461 TI - Cytotoxic T cells recognizing minor transplantation antigens, and possibly a variant of the HLA-B8 molecule. Cause of rejection of an HLA-identical sibling kidney transplant? AB - A male uremic patient was first transplanted with a kidney from a female cadaveric donor. The kidney was rejected after two weeks. He was retransplanted approximately one year later with a kidney from his HLA-identical sister. This graft was also irreversibly rejected after one week. No serum antibodies could be detected against the sibling donor before or after transplantation, but the recipient had formed donor-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). The CTLs were cloned, and clones with two different specificities were obtained. One clone lysed target cells from the donor, from some other family members, and from 50% of a panel sharing HLA-B15 with the recipient. It may recognize a minor transplantation antigen, that is restricted by HLA-B15. The other clone lysed target cells from the donor, from all HLA-B8-positive family members (except the recipient), and from third-party cell donors sharing HLA-B8 with the recipient. When CTLs from third-party individuals were induced toward HLA-B8, target cells from all HLA-B8-positive family members were lysed, except those from the recipient. This indicates that the recipient may have inherited a variant of HLA B8 that is not detectable by antibodies but by CTLs. These donor-specific CTLs may have contributed to the rejection of the HLA-identical sibling transplant. PMID- 6238462 TI - Role of IA-positive cells in the beneficial effect of donor blood transfusion and induction of suppressor cells in cardiac allotransplantation of rats. AB - An attempt was made to reveal the role of Ia-positive cells in the beneficial effect of pretransplant donor-specific blood transfusion (DST) and induction of suppressor cells in the cardiac allotransplantation of rats. Mean graft survival time (MST) of F344 (RT1 1v1) hearts transplanted in WKA (RT1k) rats was 6.5 +/- 0.8 days. Pretreatment of recipients with 1 ml DST 10 days before grafting prolonged it to 56.5 +/- 38.1 days. Plasma or erythrocytes did not prolong MST at all, whereas pretreatment with 1 X 10(7) lymphocytes prolonged MST significantly. B enriched cells separated on a nylon-wool column prolonged MST, but T-enriched cells did not. Treatment of lymphocytes with interspecies crossreactive monoclonal anti-Ia antibody and complement eliminated the ability of lymphocytes to prolong MST, suggesting an important role of Ia-positive cells in the beneficial effect of DST. The role of Ia-positive cells in prolonging graft survival, was analyzed by a cell and serum transfer experiment. MST of F344 heart allografts transplanted in sublethally irradiated (500 rads) WKA rats was 17.4 +/ 4.0 days. MSTs of allografts in rats irradiated and treated with serum or spleen cells of blood-conditioned rats were 23.2 +/- 1.6 (P less than 0.05) and 5.2 +/- 0.7 (NS) days, respectively. On the other hand, MSTs of the grafts in rats irradiated and treated with serum or spleen cells harvested from rats that had accepted grafts for 30 days were 18.7 +/- 1.9 (NS) and 63.8 +/- 29.9 (P less than 0.01) days, respectively. The results indicate that the initial role of a serum factor in prolonging graft survival induced by DST containing Ia-positive cells was followed by activating suppressor cells by the presence of the allograft. PMID- 6238463 TI - Frequency analysis of cyclosporine-sensitive cytotoxic T lymphocyte precursors. AB - The influence of the immunosuppressant cyclosporine (CsA) on the antigen-driven activation of resting cytotoxic T lymphocyte precursors (CTL-p) and on the reactivation of mixed-lymphocyte-reaction-primed CTL, is analyzed at the clonal level. Using the limiting-dilution culture approach, we show that the majority (60-90%) of clones of CTL-p with specificity for given antigens are not activated in the presence of CsA; a minority (10-40%) of CTL-p are CsA-resistant. This is so for alloantigen-reactive CTL-p and major-histocompatibility-complex-restricted CTL-p with hapten specificity. In contrast, the frequency of CTL grown out of primed mixed lymphocyte culture cells is not influenced by CsA. Although CsA does not interfere with the short-term growth of I1-2-driven activated T cells, it may influence the expression of their cytolytic potential. PMID- 6238464 TI - The role of suppressor cells in maintaining passively enhanced rat kidney allografts. PMID- 6238465 TI - [Effect of caffeine and glycerin on the Ca transport system of sarcoplasmic reticulum fragments from frog skeletal muscles]. AB - Parameters of the Ca2+-ion transport system by a fragmented sarcoplasmic reticulum isolated from phasic and tonic frog skeletal muscles were investigated under the action of caffeine or caffeine in combination with glycerol. No changes were observed in the Ca-transport system of a light fraction of the sarcoplasmic reticulum under the influence of caffeine and caffeine-glycerol combination. Caffeine reduced the value of Ca/ATP and enhanced the outflux of Ca2+-ions from membrane fragments of the caffeine-sensitive sarcoplasmic reticulum fraction of both the muscles; the combined effect of caffeine and glycerol was analogous to the action of caffeine applied alone. It is concluded that the potentiation of muscle contraction in the presence of glycerol is not due to the excess of Ca release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum caused by this agent. PMID- 6238466 TI - [Nicotinamide nucleotides as factors of lipogenesis regulation]. AB - Data are analyzed on a regulatory effect of the redox state of NAD- and NADP couples (the free NAD+-/NADH, NADP+/NADPH ratios) on certain enzymic links of lipogenesis. A concept is formulated on coordination of the activity of lipogenesis key enzymes by a common signal, supposedly by changes in the NAD+/NADH and NADP+/NADPH values in cytoplasm and mitochondria of the rat liver cells. High values of the NAD- and NADP-couples ratios, activation of the citrate transport from mitochondria to cytoplasm and of enzymic systems supplying lipogenesis with a substrate--acetyl-CoA, reducing equivalents (NADPH) determine the maximal lipid synthesis rate observed in adaptive hyperlipogenesis. The inhibitory action of nicotinamide on lipogenesis is realized at the level of systems providing a high metabolic pool of acetyl-CoA and dehydrogenases, producing NADPH in cytoplasm of liver cells. PMID- 6238467 TI - [Medicine and windsurfing]. PMID- 6238468 TI - Percutaneous transluminal dilatation of renal artery stenosis in transplanted kidney. PMID- 6238469 TI - Abnormalities of immunosuppression in patients with hepatosplenic schistosomiasis mansoni. AB - The basis for development of hepatosplenic disease and attendant morbidity in only a minority of S. mansoni-infected individuals is uncertain but may relate to defective modulation of immunopathology. We explored the possibility that schistosomiasis mansoni with hepatosplenomegaly is characterized by failure of immunosuppressive mechanisms. Individuals (14-30 years of age) from an agricultural village in the Nile Delta were selected for study: 12 were uninfected, 9 had S. mansoni infection and hepatosplenomegaly (mean fecal egg excretion 1267 +/- 197 eggs/g), 32 were infected but lacked hepatosplenomegaly (1142 +/- 79 eggs/g). The ratio of OKT4 helper/OKT8 suppressor cells in PBMC was increased in the group with hepatosplenomegaly to 2.7 +/- 0.3 compared to a ratio of 1.7 +/- 0.1 (p less than 0.01) in uninfected subjects; in contrast, this ratio was reduced in infected subjects without hepatosplenomegaly to 1.4 +/- 0.1 (p less than 0.05). Schistosome antigen-induced [3H]thymidine incorporation in PBMC was similar in infected subjects, with hepatosplenomegaly (3329 +/- 738 cpm) and without (5837 +/- 1009 cpm, p greater than 0.01). However, depletion of suppressor adherent cells significantly increased the responses only in the group lacking organomegaly (14,028 +/- 1,683 cpm, p less than 0.001). Thus, among subjects with S. mansoni infection, those with hepatosplenomegaly are distinctive in their failure to develop an immunosuppressive balance of T lymphocyte subpopulations and in the absence of functional adherent suppressor cells. PMID- 6238470 TI - [Education and training of ophthalmologists]. PMID- 6238471 TI - [Social and vocational rehabilitation of the visually handicapped living in a rural locality]. PMID- 6238472 TI - [Various characteristics of the course and treatment of acute appendicitis in children in the Arctic regions]. PMID- 6238473 TI - [Plastic surgery of the white line in large ventral hernias with diastasis of the rectus abdominis muscle]. PMID- 6238474 TI - [Direct contrast of the biliary system through a laparoscopic cholecystostomy in the diagnosis of mechanical jaundice]. PMID- 6238475 TI - [Experience with the organization of a specialized diagnostic center in a regional hospital]. PMID- 6238476 TI - Mononuclear phagocyte receptors in rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) and their role in hemolytic disease of the newborn. AB - Hemolytic disease of the newborn does not develop in rhesus monkeys because placentally-transferred maternal antibodies do not induce immune clearance of the newborn's erythrocytes. In an in vitro RBC adherence assay, rhesus peripheral blood monocytes did not bind newborn's RBC which had been coated in utero or in vitro with maternal antibodies. Nevertheless, rhesus phagocytes possess receptors that are specific for the Fc portion of IgC and for the C3b. Using purified human IgG subclasses as inhibitors of RBC adherence, rhesus Fc receptors preferentially bind IgG1 and IgG3. Thus, it may be that maternal antibodies are non-opsonic because they belong to IgG subclasses that do not bind effectively to rhesus Fc receptors. Also, RBC adherence appears to be controlled by the level of antibody coating which in turn is determined by avidity of the antibodies and by the number of RBC membrane determinants. The failure of maternal antibodies to opsonize the newborn's RBC and thus cause hemolytic disease is very likely due to the low avidity of antibodies and to the weak expression of blood group determinants on the membranes of these RBC. PMID- 6238477 TI - The role of gene O protein in the replication of bacteriophage lambda. AB - The role of the product of gene O of bacteriophage lambda in phage DNA replication was examined by shifting cells infected with an Ots mutant to the nonpermissive temperature after incubation at the permissive temperature. Thymidine incorporation after the temperature shift exhibits biphasic kinetics, with rapid synthesis immediately after the shift and slower synthesis 2-15 min after the shift. Following a shift to the nonpermissive temperature early in infection, the proportion of replicative intermediates decreases substantially and sigma-structures are favored for preservation. When the shift is done late in infection, the proportion of replicative intermediates remains the same. The average length of single-stranded regions at the branch points increases after a shift to the nonpermissive temperature. Most of the counts which are incorporated after the temperature shift are incorporated into strands which are longer than unit length. These results favor a model in which lambda O protein is required for the initiation of replication, but at least some elongation can continue in the absence of O. It is possible that O protein plays a role in elongation of the lagging strand at replicative forks. This model suggests a way to regulate the transition between theta and sigma replication which occurs as lambda infection proceeds. PMID- 6238478 TI - Health characteristics by geographic region, large metropolitan areas, and other places of residence United States, 1980-81. PMID- 6238479 TI - [Precancerous conditions of the stomach in inhabitants of the Kalmyk ASSR]. AB - A study involving the use of acidity test of gastric secretion in healthy population living in the four areas of the Kalmyk ASSR characterized by different natural conditions and different rates of stomach cancer incidence established a correlation between a higher frequency of this disease, on the one hand, and enhanced rates of anacidity as well as higher salinity of soil and water, on the other. PMID- 6238480 TI - [Experience and outlook for the work of the All-Union Center for the Early Detection of Breast Cancer]. AB - The results of studies conducted by the Center's staff for early detection of breast cancer are discussed. About 5,000 females are examined at the Center yearly, with clinical, mammographic and thermographic procedures being used. During five screenings, breast cancer was detected in 56 cases (8.9%-by thermography alone, 16%-clinical examination, 26.8%-mammography alone and 48.2% mammography plus clinical examination). "Minimal" breast cancer (less than 1 cm in dia.) was detected in 19 cases (33.9%). 76.5% of "minimal" cancers were detected with the aid of mammography. PMID- 6238481 TI - [Unresolved problems and outlook for improving the teaching of oncology in higher medical institutes]. AB - Provision of classes on malignant tumors in the fourth year by the staff of departments of oncology is suggested as the optimal scheme of teaching oncology at medical higher schools. Higher effectiveness of teaching may be assured by introducing problem and programming techniques into classroom. PMID- 6238482 TI - [Organization and efficacy of cytological examinations in the mass screening of women in the Moldavian SSR]. AB - The paper discusses a five-year experience of the work done by Centralized Cytologic Laboratories of the Republic in mass screenings for cancer of the uterine cervix. Organization and effectiveness of mass cytologic examinations are discussed. Certain measures aimed at improvement in procedures of detection of precancerous lesions and early cancer of the uterine cervix are suggested. PMID- 6238483 TI - [Isolation of Tamdy virus (Bunyaviridae) pathogenic for man from natural sources in Central Asia, Kazakhstan and Transcaucasia]. AB - Isolation of 47 strains of Tamdy virus (Bunyaviridae) in the Uzbek SSR, Turkmen SSR, Armenian SSR, Kazakh SSR, and Kirghiz SSR was analysed. Thirty-two strains were isolated from Hyalomma asiaticum ticks in which transovarial transmission of the virus was demonstrated. Three subspecies of H. asiaticum are associated with semi-desert and desert landscapes of the Asian continent. The association of Tamdy virus with hosts of various stages of metamorphosis of the ticks, in particular, with cattle and great gerbils is discussed. PMID- 6238485 TI - [Condition of the teeth of mentally retarded adolescents deprived of planned stomatological care]. PMID- 6238484 TI - More on gravity inversion. PMID- 6238488 TI - [Detection of the bioelectric activity of respiratory musculature in clinically healthy persons of various ages]. AB - We studied the amplitude of the integrated electromyogram of three sets of muscles, which have an active part in the respiratory movements, for senile changes. Bipolar 50-mm2 electrodes with an interelectrode spacing of 20 mm were used to produce the electromyograms. A "Mediator" electromyograph equipped with an amplitude and frequency analyzer and synchronized to a "Medikor" spirograph was used. The electrodes were placed at precisely determined locations. 164 clinically healthy persons, 85 men and 79 women, aged between 18 to 89 years, were included in the study. The amplitude of the pectoral muscles decreases significantly in case of accelerated exspiration. The amplitude of cervical muscles increases in case of women respirating regularly, whereas that of the abdominal muscles decreases significantly in case of deep respiration and accelerated exspiration. This applies to women only for accelerated inspiration. The amplitude response to a number of respiratory movements is lower in old age, particularly in women. PMID- 6238486 TI - [Hypergastrinemia in liver cirrhosis, renal failure and conditions after small intestinal resection as a pathogenetic factor in peptic ulcer]. PMID- 6238487 TI - [Plastic surgery in the aged: recent results and perspectives]. AB - Among indications of cosmetic surgery in the aged, particularly face lifting, reductive and reconstructive mammoplasty (e.g. after mammectomy due to malignancies), and abdominoplasty were particularly mentioned. Among the operations of reconstructive surgery, above all reparation after removal of benign (e.g. rhinophyma) and malignant tumors and for pressure sores and ulcers due to burns and radiodermatitis was emphasized. PMID- 6238489 TI - [Current findings on the immunological monitoring of patients with rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 6238490 TI - [Achievements in the field of the objective diagnosis of acute appendicitis in children]. PMID- 6238491 TI - [Rare PGM1 (6) and PGM1(7) alleles in the Polish population]. AB - Rare PGM1 phenotypes, 6-1, 6-2 and 7-2, were detected in blood samples from 3,437 non-related adults using electrophoresis in starch-gel and cellulose acetate membranes. Frequencies of 0.0009 and 0.0008 were calculated for PGM1(6) and PGM1(7), respectively, for a population from northern Poland. The variants had been inherited, which was confirmed by family studies. PMID- 6238492 TI - [Effect of an inhibitor of serotonin synthesis--para-chlorophenylalanine on the structure of primary sleep in the frog Rana temporaria]. AB - On the basis of statistical analysis of the EEG of the forebrain in frogs, new data have been obtained concerning neurophysiological nature of the resting forms of the primary sleep. It was found that natural rest occurring with the increase in the rigid muscle tonue (P-2) is identical to the condition which results from injections of parachlorphenylalanine, an inhibitor of serotonin synthesis. New data were obtained showing participation of the posterior hypothalamus in regulation of one of the resting forms of the primary sleep (P-2). Possible homology of the rest of catatonic type (P-2) and anabiosis of frogs is discussed. PMID- 6238493 TI - [Correlation between acute cerebral circulatory disorders and changes in the earth's magnetic field]. AB - An analysis of 4023 cases of acute cerebral circulatory impairments (ACCI) recorded in the cities of the Central Russia plateau (Kursk, Belgorod, Orel, Zheleznogorsk) has shown that there is an increase in the incidence of ACCI both upon the onset and the cessation of magnetic storms. An elevated rate of ACCI was observed both at high and low levels of the regional magnetic field tension. Therefore, the authors suggest that while making a regression-correlation analysis by the gradient of the Earth's magnetic field--differential regional K index, the sign of tension alterations should be left out of account. This makes it possible to elucidate the linear dependence between the ACCI incidence and the differential K-index. Results of analysis are proposed to be used in multivariate statistical investigations with the purpose of medical weather forecasting and the prevention of cardiovascular disease complications. PMID- 6238494 TI - Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of arteriosclerotic lesions in the pelvis and lower extremities. AB - The experience of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) in 66 patients (71 stenoses) with arteriosclerotic lesions in the pelvic and lower extremity arteries is reported. The PTA was technically successful in 70 stenoses. Complications were seen in eleven patients. The follow-up time was 19 months (2 44). The frequency of recurrencies was clearly related to the location of stenosis, the more distal the lesion the higher the recurrency rate. The immediate roentgenologic result had no prognostic value to protect recurrencies. To conclude PTA is an alternative to surgery in patients with short stenoses in the iliac arteries, but very strict indications should be used when lesions are localized below the inguinal ligament. PMID- 6238495 TI - Inhibition of steroid sulfatase activity by danazol. AB - The hydrolysis of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHAS) by human liver cells in culture and the hydrolysis of and formation of estradiol-17 beta (E2) from estrone sulfate (E1S) by human breast tumor preparations in vitro were studies in the presence and absence of danazol. In the latter tissue the effects of medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA), trilostane, aminoglutethimide (AG) and tamoxifen were tested for comparison. Danazol at concentrations of 10(-6) - 1.4 X 10(-4) M strongly inhibited the hydrolysis of DHAS as well as the hydrolysis of and formation of E2 from E1S. With the exception of a slight inhibitory effect of trilostane upon E1S hydrolysis, the other four drugs did not inhibit the metabolism of E1S. Danazol, at concentrations corresponding to those occurring in vivo during therapy, is a potent inhibitor of steroid sulfatase activity. This may be one of the ways in which the drug affects peripheral and target tissue levels of steroid hormones. PMID- 6238496 TI - Peripheral levels of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, dehydroepiandrosterone, androstenedione, and testosterone following different doses of danazol. AB - Peripheral serum levels of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHAS), dehydroepiandrosterone (DHA), androstenedione (A4) and testosterone (T) were measured in two groups of premenopausal women with fibrocystic breast disease, given 200 and 400 mg of danazol a day respectively for 6 months. During treatment, DHAS levels increased and DHA, DHA/DHAS ratio, A4, and T decreased. A tendency towards dose dependency was observed. The changes in DHAS, DHA and DHA/DHAS ratio were interpreted as resulting from inhibition of liver sulfatase activity by danazol. The decreased A4 and T levels probably reflect a suppression of ovarian steroidogenesis due to enzyme inhibition by danazol, and for the latter steroid also and increased metabolism due to interaction of the drug with sex hormone-binding globulin. PMID- 6238497 TI - Regression of endometriosis following shorter treatment with, or lower dose of danazol. Comparison of pre- and post-treatment laparoscopic findings in the Scandinavian multi-center study. AB - One hundred and sixteen patients with laparoscopically confirmed primary or recurrent endometriosis were treated with danazol, either 600 mg daily for 4 months (group A, n = 76) or 600 mg daily for the first 2 months, followed by 400 mg daily for an additional 4 months (group B, n = 40). The only surgery performed before treatment was biopsies, resection of endometriomas greater than or equal to 3 cm and/or adhesiolysis. The extent of endometriosis before and after treatment was established laparoscopically and recorded by means of a modified AFSrecord as mean additive diameter of implants (mean ADI) in millimeters. This provided a uniform and reproducible quantitative registration for each type and location of endometriotic implant. Both treatment schemes resulted in a highly significant (p less than 0.001) reduction of endometriosis, by 79 and 89% in groups A and B, respectively. However, the reduction in mean ADI was significantly greater (p less than 0.025) in group B which had been treated for a longer period. Moreover, the proportion of patients with extensive pre-treatment lesions (mean ADI greater than or equal to 40 mm) was significantly greater in this group. Active residual endometriosis was found in 21 and 17.5% in groups A and B, respectively. These patients had significantly more extensive endometriosis before treatment. The regression of endometriotic implants was independent of type and/or location, i.e. superficial or scarred; peritoneal, ovarian, or tubal. There was no apparent correlation between the quantitative reduction of endometriosis and amenorrhea versus occasional spotting and/or irregular menstruations.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6238498 TI - Pitfalls in clinical, laparoscopic and histologic diagnosis of endometriosis. AB - Endometriosis frequently presents diagnostic problems. Its symptoms and findings are non-specific and there are no non-invasive diagnostic tests. Laparoscopy is the most valuable diagnostic tool for use in a patient with endometriosis. Laparoscopic evaluation of the pelvis should be thorough, with attention paid to commonly affected but poorly accessible areas. Associated signs such as peritoneal congestion, adhesions and peritoneal defects may be suggestive of endometriosis. In questionable cases, laparoscopic biopsies of suspicious lesions should be performed. Histologic diagnosis of endometriosis is confirmatory of the disease but may sometimes be difficult. Endometriosis continues to present many problems in the area of diagnosis and management, and fully deserves to be studied further. PMID- 6238499 TI - Progestin therapy of endometrial, breast and ovarian carcinoma. A review of clinical observations. AB - A survey of the literature shows that in studies employing standardized criteria to define the response to progestin therapy, an objective remission is achieved in about one-third of patients with endometrial and breast cancer, and it is much less frequent in ovarian malignancy. The response is seldom complete and it is mostly of a short duration. There is a tendency towards an increased response rate with increased dosage of progestin, in both endometrial and breast carcinoma, while the route of administration appears to be of minor importance. The clinical benefit of adjuvant progestin therapy in endometrial cancer is unproven. Simultaneous therapy with progestin and cytotoxic drugs seems not to increase the survival figures obtainable by cytotoxic therapy alone. The antiestrogen tamoxifen has an established efficacy in all these malignancies. The spectra of tumors sensitive to tamoxifen and to progestin are not completely identical. The optimal combination of these drugs awaits results from prospective studies. Selection of patients for progestin therapy with a sufficient degree of accuracy is not feasible by use of clinical or histological parameters. On the other hand, estrogen receptor determination already has an established position in the clinical evaluation of the sensitivity of breast cancer to endocrine therapy. The assay of progestin receptors from endometrial carcinoma tissue also seems to give reliable information; correct prediction was observed in 86% when the receptor data from five studies with 105 progestin therapies were correlated with the treatment results. PMID- 6238500 TI - Canine model for microvascular reconstruction of the larynx. AB - The experimental use of jejunal free grafts with microvascular anastomosis in the head and neck region has been reported in pharyngeal and esophageal reconstruction. Lack of a suitable animal model has limited basic research for cutaneous or myocutaneous microvascular techniques. This investigation upon appropriate graft sites in the canine was instituted. Following a vertical hemilaryngectomy, reconstruction of the laryngeal defect was accomplished by transferring 2.5 to 3.5 centimeters square of a free myocutaneous graft from the caudal ventral abdominal region. The skin surface of the graft was placed inward to reline the laryngeal lumen. The epigastric artery and vein attached to the free graft were anastomosed to the superior thyroid or laryngeal artery or vein. Four of the six animals survived the procedure. All animals which survived the surgery showed excellent preservation of the airway lumen, pseudocord formation, and viability of the graft. PMID- 6238501 TI - Interaction of microbial agents with the immune system during infectious disease. AB - Research during the last years has revealed a considerable complexity of the immune system. It is clear that immunological reactions depend on extensive and only partly clarified interactions between a number of different cell types (e.g. B lymphocytes, plasma cells, T cell subpopulations, cytotoxic K and NK cells, monocytic cells, neutrophilic and eosinophilic granulocytes) and their molecular products (e.g. immunoglobulins, lymphokines and interleukins). These components further interact with the complement system, as well as with immunologically nonspecific components like acute phase proteins (e.g. C-reactive protein) and with other pathophysiological phenomena occurring during infections, e.g. the fever response. The application of these observations from basic and experimental immunology to the investigation of antimicrobial immune reactions is still only in its beginning, but has already resulted in new concepts of clinical value for the understanding of infectious diseases. The present paper briefly describes certain aspects of the immune response to infections with various microbial agents, with particular emphasis on reactions of clinical importance. In addition to B and T cell reactions, possible antimicrobial functions of K cells and NK cells are discussed, and the possible importance in infectious disease of various T cell subpopulations, particularly T suppressor cells, is discussed. Lastly, various escape mechanisms are mentioned whereby certain microbial agents may evade elimination by the immune response of the host. PMID- 6238503 TI - [Synthesis of some ring A fused heterocyclic 7 alpha, 17 alpha-dimethyl-17 beta hydroxyandrost-4-en-3-one]. PMID- 6238502 TI - Intraocular electrode implantation. Round window membrane sealing procedures and permeability studies. PMID- 6238504 TI - [Studies on the drug-receptor kinetics of dimethylcurine methylchloride]. PMID- 6238505 TI - [The cytokinetic effect of 2-keto-3-ethoxybutyraldehyde bis-thiosemicarbazone on W256 cell]. PMID- 6238506 TI - Platelet function in blood sampled through heart catheters. AB - Platelet function was studied in blood sampled from the caval vein of 56 patients through various heart catheters. Reduced platelet retention was the most consistent finding while aggregation was not influenced by the sampling procedure. Polyurethane (Cordis and Positrol) catheters affected platelets less than catheters of woven dacron (Sones and Zucker). Sones catheters increased plasma beta-thromboglobulin levels slightly, and some platelets were trapped in the Zucker catheters. Much the same reduction in retention was induced by heparinized as by other catheters. Platelet retention values had a poorer reproducibility than the other platelet function parameters in samples collected at intervals of 45 min, while an acceptable correlation existed between parallel samples. The influence on platelets of blood sampled via polyurethane catheters was very moderate, and should allow the detection of alterations in platelet functions that occur in the circulation. PMID- 6238507 TI - Predictive value of clinical and surgical findings in patients with lumbago sciatica. A prospective study (Part I). AB - In a prospective, consecutive study of patients with lumbar back pain and sciatica, various clinical features and surgical findings were evaluated in order to analyse the predictive value regarding (1) level of diseased interspace (2) presence and type of lesion responsible for root compression (3) outcome after surgery. One hundred patients underwent surgery solely on clinical grounds. Fifty eight had disc herniation. The level of disc herniation was correctly predicted in three quarters of patients with a prolapsed disc. The outcome after surgery was good in 77 patients. Only few clinical features, namely male sex and scoliosis were predictors of a good outcome. Lasegue's sign was indicative of root compression in 90%, but only two-thirds had disc herniation. Conversely one third had disc herniation in spite of a "negative" test. Lasegue's sign was not superior to other clinical tests in predicting outcome. The most important indicator of a good outcome was the presence of disc herniation at surgery. Patients with disc pathology other than true disc herniation fared equally with patients, who had normal discs disclosed at surgery. Myelography was undertaken in all patients prior to surgery, the results of which are analysed in the following paper. (Espersen et al.: Predictive value of radiculography in patients with lumbago-sciatica. A prospective study (Part II, Acta Neurochirurgica 73 (1984), 213-221. PMID- 6238508 TI - Molecular regulatory mechanism of D2 dopamine receptor in the bovine striatum. PMID- 6238509 TI - Nongated cardiac magnetic resonance imaging: preliminary experience at 0.12 T. AB - Nongated cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been reported previously to be inadequate for obtaining diagnostic information. This study explored the role of pulse sequence in the degradation of the nongated cardiac image. Images of diagnostic quality were obtained by using single spin-echo sequences with a very short echo time (10-20 msec TE) on a 0.12-T developmental MR unit. Marked degradation of the image was noted with longer TEs, and it is concluded that the previous unfavorable reports using a nongated technique may have been due to the longer TEs used in other units. Short-TE technique was used to examine 34 patients with a variety of cardiac diseases. Eleven patients had ventricular aneurysms. These cases showed thinning of the myocardium, and four of them showed increased signal within the aneurysm, perhaps related to regionally slower blood flow. Twenty patients had enlargement of one or more cardiac chambers. Three of these patients had thrombus within an enlarged chamber, which was readily identified on MRI. Twelve patients had left ventricular hypertrophy that was concentric in 11. One patient demonstrated asymmetric septal hypertrophy. All four pericardial effusions were low in signal intensity, but this was related to the pulse sequence used. Six patients had extrinsic masses displacing the heart and distorting the chamber contour. One patient showed intracardiac invasion of tumor; this finding was not evident on the CT. One patient with ventricular septal defect (VSD) and corrected transposition was scanned. In addition to identifying the VSD and chamber hypertrophy, the malposition of the great vessels at the base of the heart was seen. Four postoperative patients were scanned; wire suture artifact did not preclude imaging. In conclusion, diagnostic information can be obtained from nongated cardiac images provided that the TE is very short (10-20 msec). Although quantitative functional data are not available from nongated images, qualitative and diagnostic information is possible and may suffice in certain circumstances. PMID- 6238511 TI - Injuries from break dancing. AB - Break dancing is a popular contemporary activity that has important medical implications. Some dancers have complained of lower back pain and difficulty in bending over-the "breakdance back syndrome." Break dancing injuries are often comparable to the orthopedic injuries that occur in unsupervised athletic activities. Careful screening, instruction, supervision and training of break dancers will help prevent injuries. PMID- 6238510 TI - Magnetic resonance imaging of the normal and ischemic femoral head. AB - The femoral heads of 38 normal and 20 abnormal patients were evaluated using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The normal femoral head is surrounded by a thin, sharply defined, low-intensity cortex. The medullary cavity has a strong signal intensity in all imaging sequences due to the large content of marrow fat and hematopoietic cells. Crossing the high-intensity marrow is a thin, curvilinear, transverse, low-intensity line representing the physis and a broad, vertically oriented, low-intensity band resulting from the prominent central weight-bearing trabeculae. Anatomic structures can be identified on all scanning sequences if the examinations are technically satisfactory, although images with the best clarity and detail are obtained by using short echo times. MRI of patients with ischemic necrosis revealed areas of low intensity in the femoral heads. The abnormal areas may take the form of homogeneous regions of decreased signal intensity, inhomogeneous areas of low intensity, bands of low intensity, or rings of low intensity with higher signal intensity centrally. No correlation was found among the specific MRI patterns, the stage of the disease, the radiographic appearance, or the radionuclide bone scan findings. MRI was abnormal in all cases where the radiographs or the scintigraphs (or both) were abnormal. MRI also was abnormal in several cases where either radiographs or scintigraphs produced false-negative results. PMID- 6238512 TI - Mechanisms of improved left ventricular function following intravenous MDL 17,043 in patients with severe chronic heart failure. AB - To evaluate the mechanisms for improved left ventricular function with MDL 17,043 in patients with severe chronic heart failure, 24 patients were evaluated by simultaneous determination of hemodynamics by right heart catheterization and ejection fraction by computerized nuclear probe before and following intravenous administration of MDL 17,043 (mean cumulative dose 3.6 mg/kg). Following MDL 17,043, there was an increase in cardiac index (+62%), stroke volume index (+42%), and stroke work index (+68%), together with a decrease in pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (-46%), indicating improved left ventricular pump function. There was a marked reduction in systemic vascular resistance (-40%) and a modest reduction in arterial pressure, indicating decreased left ventricular outflow resistance. The ratio of peak systolic blood pressure to calculated left ventricular end-systolic volume tended to increase, but the change was not statistically significant. Despite a marked increment in stroke volume index, left ventricular ejection time corrected for heart rate was shortened, suggesting enhanced contractility. In the group as a whole, the calculated left ventricular end-diastolic volume remained unchanged, but it increased in 14 patients. Since pulmonary capillary wedge pressure fell in each patient, this suggests improved overall left ventricular distensibility. Thus, decreased left ventricular outflow resistance, and possibly increased contractile function, and improved left ventricular diastolic compliance may all contribute to improved left ventricular pump function with MDL 17,043 in patients with severe heart failure. PMID- 6238513 TI - Myocardial metabolic and hemodynamic effects of intravenous MDL-17,043, a new cardiotonic drug, in patients with chronic severe heart failure. AB - MDL-17,043, a new inotropic drug with vasodilator properties, has been shown to produce salutary hemodynamic effects in severe heart failure, but its effects on myocardial metabolism are unknown. To determine whether such hemodynamic effects are associated with adverse effects on the myocardial oxygen demand and supply relationship, we evaluated the effects of intravenous MDL-17,043 given in incremental doses to a mean maximum dose of 2.1 mg/kg, in nine patients with severe chronic heart failure. Overall cardiac pump performance was significantly improved by MDL-17,043, as reflected by an 88% increase in stroke work index (17 +/- 11 to 32 +/- 19 gm-m/m2; p less than 0.001), a 43% reduction in left ventricular filling pressure (28 +/- 4 to 16 +/- 5 mm Hg; p less than 0.0001), a 49% reduction in systemic vascular resistance (1832 +/- 490 to 937 +/- 296 dynes sec-cm-5; p less than 0.0001) with a slight (11%) decrease in mean arterial pressure (86 +/- 17 to 76 +/- 19 mm Hg; p = 0.005) and without significant changes in heart rate (88 +/- 14 to 91 +/- 12 bpm; p = NS). These hemodynamic effects were associated with an 18% reduction in myocardial oxygen consumption (17 +/- 5 to 14 +/- 5 ml/min p = 0.01), a 17% reduction in myocardial arteriovenous oxygen difference (13.2 +/- 2.4 to 10.9 +/- 1.8 volumes %; p = 0.01), and a 120% improvement in external myocardial efficiency (stroke work index/oxygen consumption) (1.0 +/- 0.6 to 2.2 +/- 0.9; p less than 0.0001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6238514 TI - Maximal exercise in children with aortic regurgitation: an adjunct to noninvasive assessment of disease severity. AB - Twenty-five asymptomatic children with chronic aortic regurgitation were evaluated by graded bicycle exercise testing and standard resting M-mode echocardiogram. These results were compared to those of 35 normal controls matched for age and body surface area. Twenty-one patients underwent cardiac catheterization to rule out associated lesions. Patients fell into two groups based upon the left ventricular end-diastolic volume per body surface area (LVEDVI): group I (n = 10) had LVEDVI less than or equal to 2 SD from the mean of normal; group II (n = 15) had LVEDVI greater than or equal to 4 SD from the mean of normal. All had normal shortening fraction and velocity of circumferential fiber shortening. At maximal exercise, patients in group I were found to have no significant differences from normals in maximal workload, total work, percent maximal oxygen consumption, heart rate, blood pressure, or ST segment depression. However, patients in group II had blunted mean maximal exercise heart rate (p less than 0.001), systolic hypertension (p less than 0.05), and increased frequency and maximal amplitude of ST depression (p less than 0.01, p less than 0.001, respectively) compared to normal controls. Within group II the mean maximal amplitude of ST depression was significantly related to increasing LVEDVI (r = 0.53, p less than 0.05). The mean maximal exercise heart rate, systolic blood pressure, and maximal amplitude of ST segment depression were significantly related to LVEDVI for patient groups and normal controls together (r = -0.384, p less than 0.01; r = 0.28, p less than 0.05; r = 0.70, p less than 0.001, respectively).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6238515 TI - 16-year follow-up of arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia. PMID- 6238516 TI - Exercise-induced left bundle branch block: resolution after coronary angioplasty. PMID- 6238517 TI - Mechanical valve occluder dislodgment. PMID- 6238518 TI - Coronary reserve in volume-induced right ventricular hypertrophy from atrial septal defect. AB - To assess coronary reserve in patients with right ventricular (RV) hypertrophy secondary to volume overload, the quantitative characteristics of coronary reactive hyperemia were examined in 20 patients with a large atrial septal defect (ASD). The control group consisted of 13 patients who had undergone elective cardiac surgery for abnormalities that did not involve the right ventricle or its blood supply. Coronary blood flow velocity was measured in RV branches of the right coronary artery at cardiac surgery. Echocardiographic measurements of RV diameter in ASD and in control patients (2.3 +/- 0.2 and 1.1 +/- 0.2 cm, respectively, p less than 0.05) documented the presence of substantial RV enlargement in patients with ASD. In patients with ASD and in control subjects, a 20-second coronary occlusion produced maximal coronary dilation. After release of a 20 second coronary occlusion, the peak-to-resting velocity ratio in ASD and in control patients was 3.1 +/- 0.2 and 5.5 +/- 0.1, respectively (p less than 0.05). The 50% decrease in the ratio of peak-to-resting coronary blood flow velocity, a measure of relative coronary reserve, in patients with ASD suggests that coronary reserve is compromised in volume-induced RV hypertrophy. These studies support the concept that in humans, volume-induced RV hypertrophy substantially decreases coronary reserve. PMID- 6238519 TI - Use of balloon angioplasty to treat peripheral pulmonary stenosis. AB - Balloon angioplasty was attempted in 13 children with peripheral pulmonary arterial (PA) stenosis. In 5 patients, angioplasty was successful in relieving the peripheral PA stenosis as judged by an increase in PA size of more than 75% over the predilatation size and a more than 50% reduction in the distal PA to main PA peak systolic pressure gradient. Each child has been followed for 6 to 30 months. All remain well, without signs of subsequent deterioration, and follow-up angiograms in 2 patients (at 10 and 12 months) showed persistence of anatomic and hemodynamic improvement. In 8 patients, angioplasty was unsuccessful: In 4 patients, stenosis at the site of a previous systemic-to-PA shunt could not be dilated and in 4 patients, angioplasty could not be performed because of technical difficulties. Thus, we could not dilate the stenosis in more than 60% of the patients; we also had a significant complication with the angioplasty procedure (perforation of a distal branch of the right pulmonary artery). Thus, although balloon angioplasty was not effective in all patients, it did provide significant improvement in some patients in whom traditional operative management is usually unsuccessful. PMID- 6238521 TI - Accuracy of determination of changes in cardiac output by transcutaneous continuous-wave Doppler computer. AB - The value of a previously validated portable, continuous-wave Doppler computer was assessed for measuring changes in cardiac output (CO). Simultaneous thermodilution and Doppler CO values were measured in triplicate in 16 patients undergoing clinical intervention with vasodilator therapy. A continuous-wave Doppler transducer was placed in the suprasternal notch and directed toward the ascending aorta and angled until the maximal velocity signal was obtained. The correlation coefficient was 0.92 (standard error of the estimate [SEE] = 0.48 liter/min) at rest; with intervention it was 0.88 (SEE = 0.52 liter/min). Our data indicate that the Doppler computer technique, when used in selected patients, is reliable in detecting changes in CO after vasodilator therapy. It may be of value in clinical situations in which hemodynamic monitoring is impractical. PMID- 6238520 TI - Reproducibility of Doppler aortic blood flow measurements: studies on intraobserver, interobserver and day-to-day variability in normal subjects. AB - Doppler aortic flow velocity measurements have been used to assess quantitatively left ventricular performance at rest and after pharmacologic and other hemodynamic interventions. To permit more meaningful interpretation of Doppler data, 10 normal subjects were studied to establish the intraobserver, interobserver and day-to-day variability in Doppler aortic flow velocity measurements. In each subject, pulsed Doppler recordings of ascending aortic flow velocity were obtained from the suprasternal notch on 2 different days (mean interval 6 days), with the same technician performing and same physician reading both Doppler studies to evaluate day-to-day variability of measurements. Interobserver variability was assessed by having 2 observers read each Doppler study. Both observers read the Doppler records from both days again at a second session to determine intraobserver variability. Intraobserver variability ranged from 1.9 +/- 1.8 to 3.2 +/- 2.9% for ejection time, peak flow velocity and flow velocity integral, but was higher for acceleration time (7.9 +/- 6.6%). Interobserver variability ranged from 3.5 +/- 2.2 to 5.4 + 3.4% for peak flow velocity, ejection time and flow velocity integral, but was notably higher for acceleration time (17 +/- 9%). Day-to-day variability was higher for acceleration time (7.0 +/- 5.2%) than for ejection time, peak flow velocity and flow velocity integral (range from 3.6 +/- 3.1 to 5.2 +/- 4.0%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6238522 TI - Extended survival after mitral valve replacement with a Gott-Daggett prosthesis. PMID- 6238523 TI - Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty for aortic isthmic coarctation in infancy. PMID- 6238524 TI - Cardiac abnormalities in acquired immune deficiency syndrome. PMID- 6238525 TI - Laterality of pleural effusions with cardiomegaly. PMID- 6238526 TI - Successful treatment of chronic refractory pure red cell aplasia with antithymocyte globulin: correlation with in vitro erythroid culture studies. AB - Two contrasting cases of chronic refractory pure red cell aplasia (PRCA) responsive to a commercial preparation of horse antihuman thymocyte globulin (ATG) are reported. Both cases were refractory to trials of cyclophosphamide, corticosteroids, and plasmapheresis. One patient developed a reticulocytosis after a single intravenous infusion of ATG; the other patient responded after administration of 14.7 g of ATG over a 28-day course. At presentation, erythroid progenitors (CFU-E and BFU-E) in one patient were normal; in the second patient, the number of erythroid progenitors was severely reduced. Neither patient had a serum IgG inhibitor to progenitor cells as judged by in vitro erythroid colony studies. Both patients had increased numbers of marrow T-cells and co-culture studies in one case were consistent with T-cell-mediated suppression of erythropoiesis. These studies confirm that ATG is a useful agent in the treatment of refractory PRCA. However, ATG may not act by removal of T suppressor cells in all cases. PMID- 6238527 TI - The Gore-Tex peritoneal catheter: a clinical evaluation and comparison with the Tenckhoff catheter. AB - In January of 1983, the Gore-Tex (W.L. Gore & Associates, Inc, Flagstaff, Ariz) peritoneal catheter was introduced into the dialysis market. Presently, there is no other peritoneal catheter that offers this unique subcutaneous tunnel design. This catheter has an external and intra-abdominal Silastic (Dow Corning, Midland, Mich) segment and a transcutaneous segment with a flange and cuff of expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). This catheter was designed to decrease the incidence of tunnel infections, catheter cuff extrusions, and exit site infections. The clinical experience with 57 Gore-Tex catheters and 47 Tenckhoff catheters at Ohio State University from May 1980 through April 1983 is presented. In addition, the Gore-Tex catheter's surgical insertion technique and postoperative care procedures are described. There was a significant decrease in the incidence of tunnel infections with the Gore-Tex catheter versus the Tenckhoff catheter (0.03 versus 0.21 infections per patient-year, respectively; P less than .05). There was no significant difference between the Gore-Tex catheter and the Tenckhoff catheter with regard to the patient peritonitis rate (1.12 versus 1.38 episodes of peritonitis per patient-year, respectively) or the exit site infection rate (0.65 versus 0.50 infections per patient-year, respectively). There were no cuff extrusions with the Gore-Tex catheter. The decrease in the incidence of tunnel infections with the Gore-Tex catheter suggests that the PTFE barrier inhibits longitudinal bacterial movement and avoids bacterial sequestration. Patients with repeat tunnel infections may benefit from a Gore-Tex catheter placement. PMID- 6238529 TI - Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and immunologic function. Overview of the European experience. AB - A large number of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are available in Europe. There appears to be little difference in overall clinical effectiveness of these drugs, despite individual patient variation, suggesting a common mode of action. Occasionally, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug will show some evidence of a more impressive anti-rheumatic effect, perhaps related to a more prolonged or different mode of action. The evidence for an immunologic effect of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs is largely derived from in vitro studies. In patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated with piroxicam, there are no overall changes in lymphocyte numbers or T4/T8 ratios, but numbers of activated cells expressing la decrease and rheumatoid factor titers may also fall. It is suggested that this is not a direct immunosuppressive effect, but one that is related to local inhibition of polymorphonuclear leukocyte-derived free radical production within the joint, which may lower the antigenic load of IgG altered by free radicals, with subsequent diminished immune stimulation. PMID- 6238530 TI - Immunologic effects of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. AB - Recent studies of the immunoregulatory effects of prostaglandin and the immunomodulating actions of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs reveal that earlier reports of inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis by nonsteroidal anti inflammatory drugs cannot alone fully explain the anti-inflammatory properties of these agents. Data defining the complex inter-relationship of prostaglandin, the immune response, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are reviewed, and possible mechanisms of anti-inflammatory action of these agents are considered. The effects of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on cellular immune function and humoral immune response suggest that anti-inflammatory activity may be related to altered suppressor cell function, inhibition of monocyte collagenase release, or inhibition of neutrophil migration and activation. Further elucidation is awaited. PMID- 6238528 TI - Five related Lebanese individuals with high plasma lysosomal hydrolases: a new defect in mannose-6-phosphate receptor recognition? AB - Five healthy related individuals in 3 generations of a Lebanese family have been found to have highly elevated plasma lysosomal enzyme levels inherited as a dominant Mendelian trait. The same enzymes in other extracellular fluids were within normal limits. While the pattern and extent of plasma enzyme elevation was similar to that found in mucolipidoses II and III, the physicochemical properties of the elevated enzymes were different from those of both control and I-cell disease plasma. Secretion of lysosomal hydrolases into cell media by fibroblasts from one of the individuals was increased two to seven times more than that from controls. The results suggest faulty recognition between lysosomal hydrolases and mannose-6-phosphate receptors. This could be caused by a defect either in the phosphodiesterase that normally uncovers mannose-6-phosphate hydrolase markers or in the mannose-6-phosphate receptor itself. PMID- 6238532 TI - Uroflowmetry: spontaneous versus instrumented. PMID- 6238531 TI - Circadian hormonal interactions among the mother, fetus, and amniotic fluid. AB - Circadian rhythms and hormonal interactions among the maternal, fetal, and amniotic fluid compartments were studied in long-term catheterized rhesus macaque monkeys between days 127 and 138 of gestation (term = 167 days). Blood samples were collected at 3-hour intervals for 48 hours and analyzed by radioimmunoassay for estrone, estradiol, cortisol, progesterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, and prolactin. Distinct circadian rhythms were present for cortisol and progesterone in the maternal circulation and for progesterone and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate in the fetal circulation (p less than 0.05). Although maternal and fetal estrogen levels were higher in AM samples than in PM samples, a statistically significant circadian rhythm was not present (p greater than 0.10). Fetal levels of progesterone and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate and maternal levels of progesterone were highest between 9:00 PM and 3:00 AM and lowest between 9:00 AM and 3:00 PM. Maternal levels of cortisol were highest between 6:00 AM and 9:00 AM and lowest between 6:00 PM and 12 midnight. The circadian patterns of maternal cortisol and progesterone were inversely related to each other (r = -0.68; p less than 0.01). Amniotic fluid cortisol levels were highest between 9:00 AM and 12 noon and lowest between 6:00 PM and 3:00 AM (p less than 0.10). With the possible exception of cortisol, amniotic fluid steroid hormones did not demonstrate distinct diurnal fluctuations, nor did they correlate with steroid changes in maternal or fetal blood. Because the rhesus placenta is permeable to glucocorticoids it is likely that transplacental passage of maternal cortisol influences the activity of the fetal pituitary and adrenal so that the circadian rhythm in the fetal axis is 180 degrees out of phase with that of the maternal axis. The circadian rhythms in fetal dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate and progesterone in late gestation parallel the biorhythm in uterine contraction frequency and amplitude, with peaks during periods of darkness between 9:00 PM and 3:00 AM. PMID- 6238533 TI - Tongue movements in 4- and 5-year-old Down's syndrome children during eating: a comparison with normal children. AB - This study describes tongue movements of 4- and 5-year-old Down's syndrome children during eating and then compares the movements to those of age-matched normal children. The study is the second in a long-term project to develop a standardized eating assessment for children. Tongue movements were monitored in 26 children: 14 were 4 years +/- 2 months (8 males, 6 females) and 12 were 5 years +/- 2 months (6 males, 6 females). Two different tongue positions were quantified: 1) as food was presented to the child when the food was 5 cm from the lips; and 2) as food was swallowed. The children's ages and gender along with the type of food affected tongue position on food presentation; however, only the children's ages and gender affected tongue position on swallowing. In general, most tongue positions of Down's syndrome children were characterized by 1) a forward placement of the tongue in the mouth, and 2) the absence of the maturational changes in normal children of the same age. PMID- 6238534 TI - Chewing cycles in 4- and 5-year-old Down's syndrome children: a comparison of eating efficacy with normals. AB - Chewing movements of Down's syndrome children were measured and compared with those of normal preschool children. Twenty-six Down's syndrome children were monitored: 14 were 4 (8 males, 6 females) and 12 were 5 years old (6 males, 6 females). Chewing movements were measured by time (in seconds), number of cycles, and a time/cycle ratio. A chewing cycle was defined as an upward and downward movement of the chin. The time/cycle ratio is the total time, from the moment food was placed in the mouth until the final swallow occurred, divided by the number of cycles counted for the same period. The children's ages and gender did not affect time, cycles, or the time/cycle ratio. However, the measures were strongly affected by the type of food eaten. Children with Down's syndrome chew at a rate comparable to that of normal children. However, the duration of chewing is significantly prolonged per bite of food. This may be attributed to these children's lack of chewing vigor or their inability, at the ages studied, to chew solid foods. Time/cycle ratios are an excellent index to document such differences. How much sensory differences or deficits contribute to these findings is not known. PMID- 6238535 TI - An independent living skills training program. AB - The growing rehabilitation and consumer movement toward independent community living for disabled adults has placed new demands on the health care delivery system. Programs must be developed for the disabled adult that provide direct training in adaptive community skills, such as banking, budgeting, consumer advocacy, personal health care, and attendant management. An Independent Living Skills Training Program that uses a psychoeducational model is described. To date, 17 multiply handicapped adults, whose average length of institutionalization was 11.9 years, have participated in the program. Of these 17, 58.8% returned to community living and 23.5% are waiting for openings in accessible housing units. PMID- 6238536 TI - Pulmonary artery remodeling and pulmonary hypertension after exposure to hyperoxia for 7 days. A morphometric and hemodynamic study. AB - This study shows by morphometric and hemodynamic techniques that exposure to hyperoxia at normobaric pressure causes rapid structural remodeling of rat pulmonary arteries and pulmonary hypertension. After 7 days of 90% O2, pulmonary artery cross-sectional area is reduced by a striking loss of intraacinar arteries (control, 13 +/- 1 sq mm; exposed, 8 +/- 1 sq mm; P less than 0.001), the ratio of arteries to alveoli being 4:100 in control rats and 2.5:100 after hyperoxia. The lumen of preacinar and intraacinar arteries is narrowed by a reduction of vessel external diameter (ED) and an increased medial wall thickness (MT). There is a significant reduction in the percent medial thickness [( 2 X 100 X MT]/ED) in both regions. The proportion of muscular and partially muscular intraacinar arteries increases at the expense of nonmuscular ones (P [chi 2] less than 0.01), and fully muscular arteries appear in the alveolar wall where they are not normally found. Intimal thickening occurs in 19% of alveolar duct and 34% of alveolar wall nonmuscular arteries. Right ventricular hypertrophy occurs, the ratio of the left ventricle plus the septum to the right ventricle being significantly reduced (control, 4.07 +/- 0.26; exposed, 3.23 +/- 0.10; P less than 0.02). After 3 days of 87% O2, pulmonary artery pressure is still normal (17.0 +/- 0.9 mmHg) but after 7 days it is significantly increased (26.2 +/- 0.9 mmHg; P less than 0.01), as is pulmonary vascular resistance (control, 0.033 +/- 0.003; exposed, 0.065 +/- 0.015 U/kg; P less than 0.05). Return to air breathing (after 7 days at 87% O2) causes pulmonary vasoconstriction and a further rise of the pulmonary artery pressure (to 38.3 +/- 3.3 mmHg after 60 minutes). PMID- 6238537 TI - Regulation of hepatic triiodothyronine production in the streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat. AB - The effect of diabetes on 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3) production was determined in the isolated perfused rat liver. Induction of diabetes with streptozotocin resulted in decreased serum thyroxine (T4) and T3 levels and a progressive decline in hepatic T3 production over 5 days. The decline in T3 production resulted from decreased conversion of T4 to T3, whereas T4 uptake was unchanged. Insulin administration restored serum T4 and T3, hepatic conversion of T4 to T3, and T3 production to normal levels. When serum T4 levels in diabetic rats were maintained by T4 administration, the conversion of T4 to T3 and T3 production returned to control levels. However, restoration of serum T4 levels in fasted rats failed to correct the decrease in hepatic T4 uptake or T3 production. Glucagon, at supraphysiological concentrations in vitro and in vivo, slightly decreased T4 uptake and T3 production without altering the conversion of T4 to T3. These data suggest that the fall in serum T4 levels observed in diabetic rats is important in mediating the decreased hepatic conversion of T4 to T3 and T3 production. PMID- 6238538 TI - Myofibrillar end of the creatine phosphate energy shuttle. AB - Isometric contraction and relaxation of glycerinated rabbit psoas muscle fibers containing native creatine kinase (CK) and ATPase activities were studied. Energy for contraction and relaxation was provided either by ADP + creatine phosphate (CP) or ATP alone, and the effectiveness of these additions on rate and maximum force of contraction and relaxation were compared. In the presence of 250 microM ADP, physiological concentration of CP (10 mM) produced faster and stronger contraction and faster and more complete relaxation than equimolar or even higher concentrations of ATP. When contraction was initiated by addition of ADP to fibers preincubated with 10 mM CP, the apparent Km for ADP was 1.18 +/- 0.24 mM. If the fibers were preincubated with ADP and contraction initiated by addition of 10 mM CP, the apparent Km for ADP was more than an order of magnitude smaller (76.0 +/- 4 microM). The observed Km for ADP for contraction was about half the Km for CP in solution (151.5 microM). The apparent Km for CP for rate of contraction was 2.67 +/- .046 mM independent of sequence of addition of ADP. Since these experiments were done in the presence of P1,P5-diadenosine 5' pentaphosphate, a powerful inhibitor of adenylate kinase, the role of this enzyme in the process was not significant. These observations support the idea of compartmentation of myofibrillar CK in close function with myosin ATPase as part of the phosphoryl creatine energy shuttle. PMID- 6238539 TI - Effects of synthetic atrial natriuretic factor on renal function and renin release. AB - Studies were performed in anesthetized dogs (n = 5) to determine the effects of synthetic atrial natriuretic factor on renal function and renin release. Intrarenal infusion of synthetic atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) (0.3 microgram X kg-1 X min-1) resulted in a transient increase in renal blood flow (126 +/- 8 to 148 +/- 11 ml/min). The duration of this transient vasodilation was 3.1 +/- 0.4 min. Continued infusion was followed by a slight decrease in renal blood flow (126 +/- 8 to 117 +/- 8 ml/min) and an increase in glomerular filtration rate (23.1 +/- 3.5 to 30.7 +/- 1.9 ml/min), with filtration fraction thus being increased (0.19 +/- 0.04 to 0.27 +/- 0.03). These hemodynamic alterations were associated with increases in fractional sodium excretion (0.6 +/- 0.2 to 5.8 +/- 0.8%), fractional potassium excretion (30.8 +/- 9.4 to 56.3 +/- 7.4%), fractional lithium excretion (32.2 +/- 7.1 to 60.3 +/- 5.7%), and fractional phosphate excretion (8.7 +/- 3.5 to 41.6 +/- 11.7%). Intrarenal infusion of synthetic ANF markedly suppressed renin secretion rate (295.5 +/- 84.6 to 17.2 +/- 10.6 ng/min) despite a slight reduction in arterial pressure (123 +/- 9 to 118 +/- 9 mmHg). Our studies demonstrate that synthetic ANF results in a marked natriuretic response that is in part mediated by an increase in glomerular filtration rate. The increase in fractional lithium and phosphate excretion suggests that this factor may also have an action on proximal tubule reabsorption. Further, these studies demonstrate that synthetic ANF markedly inhibits renin secretion. PMID- 6238540 TI - Left ventricular function and muscle mechanics in hypertrophied rabbit heart. AB - Ventricular contractile performance was studied in relation to wall muscle mechanics in isolated rabbit left ventricles during pressure-overloaded hypertrophy. The isovolumic pressure-volume relation of the hypertrophied ventricle (LVH) shifted to the left and upward from the normal control (NC) (P less than 0.001), but calculated wall stress at each normalized circumferential length decreased in LVH. The pressure-ejection rate relation, determined accurately by velocity control technique, could be adequately approximated by a hyperbola. In LVH, the maximum pressure (Po) was larger (154.3 +/- 17.0 mmHg), whereas the maximum ejection rate (Vej max) was smaller (13.7 +/- 4.2 ml/s, P less than 0.001) than those for NC (127.7 +/- 23.3 mmHg and 22.3 +/- 5.7 ml/s, respectively). The pressure-stiffness relation was linear in both groups, but the vertical axis intercept increased, indicating increased resting stiffness in LVH. Ventricular volume stiffness vs. the mean wall stress relationship of LVH shifted upward, whereas the normalized wall muscle stiffness vs. the mean wall stress relationship of LVH showed a smaller slope. Thus the hypertrophied ventricle can maintain its pumping ability at normal or augmented levels with depressed contractile function of the wall muscle. PMID- 6238542 TI - Validation of a third-generation Doppler system for studies of detailed aortic flow. AB - A multigated, third-generation Doppler velocity system has been developed and validated for detailed studies of aortic hemodynamics. The Doppler system employs a single 3-mm, 5-MHz crystal applied to the aorta at a fixed angle with respect to the flow axis and is capable of measuring velocity profile, blood vessel diameter, and integrated volume flow on a continuous, real-time basis. This represents a major developmental advance over existing first-generation, continuous-wave and second-generation, single-gated pulsed Doppler systems. Validation studies have been performed in vitro and in dogs. Aortic diameter was measured simultaneously with the volumetric Doppler system and with sonomicrometer probes. During changes in aortic diameter between 8 and 18 mm (n = 18), produced by temporary pulmonary artery occlusion or epinephrine infusion, quantitative agreement between the Doppler and sonomicrometer probes was found (r = 0.96). Velocity profile measurements and axial velocity values made with the Doppler system compared favorably with hot-film anemometry studies in vitro and in vivo. Although the current system is nondirectional, measurements of phasic aortic volume flow and absolute-time-averaged changes in flow rates showed an excellent correlation with chronically placed electromagnetic flow probes over a broad range of flow rates in vivo (1-5 l/min, n = 36, r = 0.95). This third generation Doppler system should prove useful in clinical and research studies of detailed aortic hemodynamics. PMID- 6238541 TI - Diabetic cardiomyopathy in rats: mechanical and biochemical response to different insulin doses. AB - Diabetes mellitus causes congestive heart failure in humans, independent of atherosclerosis. The present study extends previous work on the reversibility, with insulin, of the alterations in myocardial function and contractile protein biochemistry observed in diabetic rats. The response of these alterations to different fixed doses of insulin was explored. Diabetic rats were given 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, or 2.5 U of insulin daily for 6 wk. Papillary muscle function, actomyosin ATPase, and myosin isoenzyme distribution showed progressive normalization with increasing insulin dose as blood glucose concentration returned to normal. Thus insulin therapy in diabetic rats on a normal diet produces continuous improvement in cardiac function and biochemistry as euglycemia is approached. This study also suggests that mild diabetes results in qualitatively identical, although quantitatively less pronounced, myocardial changes compared with those observed in severely diabetic rats. PMID- 6238544 TI - Black-spot poison ivy dermatitis. An acute irritant contact dermatitis superimposed upon an allergic contact dermatitis. AB - A black spot in the epidermis over a blister of poison ivy dermatitis is an uncommon finding. Four patients with the phenomenon are described. Histologic and histochemical studies were made on biopsy material and the blackish deposit on the skin surface was compared with black deposits in and on leaves of the species of poison ivy. This examination revealed a yellow, amorphous substance on the stratum corneum of the lesions and a similar substance in and on leaves of the poison ivy plant, Toxicodendron radicans ssp. negundo. Associated with the pigmentary deposits there were distinct changes of acute irritant contact dermatitis superimposed upon allergic contact dermatitis. Our findings support the view that the black material is the oleoresin of the plant, and that this substance behaves both as an irritant and an allergen. PMID- 6238543 TI - Physiological correlates of locomotory performance in a lizard: an allometric approach. AB - Three measures of locomotory performance and a series of variables thought to affect performance were measured in the iguanid lizard Ctenosaura similis. Burst speed is mass independent; however, endurance time at 1 km/h (EN-DUR) and maximal distance run (MAX DIS) scale as M0.3. Standard and maximal rates of O2 consumption (VO2max) scale as M0.9; VO2max averages 10-fold greater than standard metabolic rate (SMR). Three of ten enzyme activities measured exhibit significant scaling. After statistically removing the effects of body mass, multiple regression analysis indicates that 1) 89% of the residual variation in ENDUR is correlated with variation among individuals in thigh muscle mass, VO2max, heart mass, and liver citrate synthase (CS) activity; 2) maximal CO2 consumption (VCO2max) and thigh pyruvate kinase activity statistically explain 64% of the variation in MAX DIS; 3) heart and liver masses together predict 35% of the variation in SMR; 4) thigh and liver CS activity, heart lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity, and hematocrit account for 67% of the variation in VO2max;5) 97% of the variation in VCO2max is statistically related to variation in liver CS activity, thigh and heart masses, and heart LDH activity. PMID- 6238545 TI - Ipratropium in the treatment of patients with perennial rhinitis. AB - Rhinorrhea is due to increased parasympathetic activity. This study was undertaken in order to study the applicability and efficacy of ipratropium, an anticholinergic drug, in patients with perennial rhinitis seen in an allergy clinic. Thirteen patients were included in the double-blind, cross-over study following screening with methacholine test. The number of paper tissues used during the period with active drug decreased significantly. Other variables did not change significantly. Eight patients preferred the active drug. The findings of this study suggest that ipratropium bromide is a valuable addition in the treatment of patients with perennial rhinitis with rhinorrhea. PMID- 6238546 TI - Lymphocyte subpopulations in patients with allergic rhinitis. AB - The lymphocyte subpopulations were classified using monoclonal antibodies specific for B lymphocytes (B1 antibodies), T lymphocytes (T11 and OKT3 antibodies), helper/inducer T cells (T4 antibodies) and suppressor/cytotoxic T cells (T8 antibodies). Three groups of subjects were studied: 20 normal controls, 29 patients with allergic rhinitis and a subgroup of nine patients who had received immunotherapy. The proportion of B lymphocytes, total T cells and T4 positive (helper/inducer) cells were not significantly different between the groups, but allergic patients were found to have a decreased proportion of suppressor T8 positive (suppressor/cytotoxic) cells and hence a high helper/suppressor cell ratio. These abnormal parameters were found to be normal in the group of allergic patients who had received immunotherapy. These results imply that a suppressor cell deficiency may be an underlying mechanism of allergic disease, and that immunotherapy could correct the suppressor cell deficiency. PMID- 6238547 TI - [An electronic communication aid with a large keyboard for artificial respiration patients in the intensive care unit]. AB - An increasing number of patients under mechanical ventilation in ICUs suffers from being cut off from normal communication. The existing communication facilities, such as letter-boards, magnetic letters, pictograms, Yes-no-signals and attempts at written communication are very often insufficient or not to be mastered by the weakened ICU respirator patient. We, therefore, present an electronic communicator consisting of a keyboard with big push-buttons and an illuminated running-letter display. Up to one page of text can be stored in memory and recalled later as running or printed text. Initial experiences with the electronic communicator show that even weakened respirator patients with diminished sensomotoric abilities successfully manage to communicate with the staff. PMID- 6238548 TI - A study of the efficiency of four blood microfilters. AB - A new blood microfilter, Swank 6000-4, was compared with three established blood microfilters, Pall SQ40S, Fenwal 4C2423 and Intercept HR 18137-00 (1321). The flow rate decreased with increasing volume of filtered blood with all the microfilters (p less than 0.01). When the flow rates through each type of microfilter were compared there was no significant difference between them. Screen filtration pressure was restored to normal by the Swank, Fenwal and Intercept microfilters, but remained higher after filtration through the Pall microfilter (p less than 0.01). There was no evidence of red cell loss or damage with any of the microfilters after filtration. PMID- 6238549 TI - Radioimmunoassay of nafarelin ([ 6-(3-(2-naphthyl)-D-alanine)]-luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone) in plasma or serum. AB - A procedure which is suitable for the radioimmunoassay (RIA) of nafarelin [( 6-(3 (2-naphthyl)-D-alanine)]-luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone) in plasma or serum at concentrations as low as 50 pg/ml is described. Antiserum was prepared by replacing the pyroglutamyl portion of nafarelin with glutaric acid, coupling the product to keyhole limpet hemocyanin, and immunizing rabbits with the resulting conjugate. At a dilution of 1:30,000 the binding was approximately 50%. The antibodies did not cross react with luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone. For RIA, 125I-labeled analyte was used as the tracer and charcoal was used to separate the free and the bound fractions. No purification of samples was required prior to RIA. Accuracy of the method was assessed by adding known quantities of nafarelin to nafarelin-free plasma and determining the ratio of measured to added analyte. Linear regression analysis for the concentration range 0.050-5.00 ng/ml yielded a regression equation of y = 1.01x - 0.066 and a correlation coefficient of 0.997. At 0.050 ng/ml the CV was 11.3% (interassay). Additional validation was obtained from an in vivo study in which [3H]nafarelin was administered to monkeys and plasma profiles were determined by RIA, by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and by an HPLC-radiochemical method. The results obtained by RIA agreed well with those obtained by the HPLC methods. PMID- 6238550 TI - A modified direct phosphate assay for studying ATPases. AB - A simple, rapid assay for purified ATPases is presented, based upon the formation of phosphomolybdate and its extraction into butyl acetate. The inclusion of imidazole makes the assay more sensitive and reproducible apparently because of the formation of an imidazole-phosphomolybdate complex. Protein (100 micrograms), Hepes buffer [4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethanesulfonic acid] (0.1 M) and nucleotides (1 mM) were all shown to cause interference. The interference by nucleotides could be counteracted by using more molybdate. Butyl acetate was shown to extract virtually all of the phosphomolybdate almost instantaneously upon vortex mixing. PMID- 6238551 TI - Metoclopramide and cimetidine to reduce gastric fluid pH and volume. AB - Eighty female patients undergoing outpatient laparoscopy were divided into four equal groups to investigate the effect of cimetidine and metoclopramide on the gastric fluid volume and pH. Group I patients received two placebo tablets. Group II patients were given metoclopramide, 10 mg, and one placebo tablet. Group III patients received cimetidine, 300 mg, and one placebo tablet. Group IV patients received metoclopramide, 10 mg, and cimetidine, 300 mg. Gastric fluid volume in group I patients was 83.9 +/- 2.3 ml; in group II patients, 11.1 +/- 0.63 ml; in group III patients, 51 +/- 2.33 ml; and in group IV patients, 12.05 +/- 0.79 ml. Gastric fluid pH was 1.38 +/- 0.12, 2.6 +/- 0.21, 4.04 +/- 0.32, and 4.64 +/- 0.28 in groups I through IV, respectively. Gastric fluid volume was significantly less (P less than 0.0001) in groups II and IV than in groups I and III. Gastric fluid pH was significantly higher (P less than 0.0001) in groups III and IV than in groups I and II. It is concluded that administration of metoclopramide and cimetidine two hours prior to induction of anesthesia significantly decreases the gastric fluid volume and increases gastric fluid pH, thereby decreasing both the likelihood of aspiration of gastric contents and the likelihood of severe pulmonary reaction, should aspiration occur. PMID- 6238552 TI - The pharmacokinetics of sufentanil in surgical patients. AB - The pharmacokinetics of sufentanil, a new thienyl analogue of fentanyl, were studied in 10 surgical patients. Sufentanil, 5 micrograms/kg, was given intravenously as a bolus injection and plasma concentrations measured at intervals up to 8 h. Plasma sufentanil concentrations decreased rapidly after injection--98% of the administered dose having left the plasma within 30 min. In 9 of the 10 patients, a tri-exponential equation optimally described the sufentanil concentration decay curve, with average (+/-SEM) half-lives for the rapid (pi) and slow (alpha) distribution phases of 1.4 +/- 0.3 min and 17.7 +/- 2.6 min, respectively. The average terminal elimination (beta) half-life was 164 +/- 22 min. The average value for Vd beta was 2.9 +/- 0.2 1/kg, Vdss 1.7 +/- 0.2 1/kg and total plasma clearance 12.7 +/- 0.8 ml X kg-1 X min-1 (935 +/- 50 ml/min). In one patient, a bi-exponential equation was sufficient to describe the concentration-time data, yielding a distribution half-life of 4.7 min and an elimination half-life of 117 min. PMID- 6238553 TI - Effects of sufentanil on regional cerebral glucose utilization in rats. AB - Sufentanil, a narcotic five to ten times more potent than fentanyl, reduces cortical cerebral blood flow and oxygen consumption in rats, with seizure activity occurring in some animals. However, the effects of sufentanil on blood flow and metabolism in subcortical structures have not been defined clearly. The present study examines the effects of intravenous sufentanil (40 or 160 micrograms/kg) on regional cerebral glucose utilization (r-CMRgl) in paralyzed, mechanically ventilated rats using 2-deoxy-D-[14C]glucose and autoradiography. Regional cerebral glucose utilization was decreased in all cortical areas examined in rats receiving either dose of sufentanil; the larger dose of sufentanil (160 micrograms/kg) decreased r-CMRgl in cortical structures 20-45% below control values. Two subcortical structures, the caudate nucleus and the ventral thalamic nucleus, manifested a 39-54% decrease in r-CMRgl at each dose of sufentanil. Limbic system structures responded differently. Sufentanil 40 micrograms/kg produced focal areas of markedly increased r-CMRgl in the amygdala of two of six rats; sufentanil 160 micrograms/kg produced marked increases in r CMRgl in focal areas of hippocampus (four of eight rats) and amygdala (seven of eight rats). EEG activation suggestive of seizure activity was evident in the two low-dose sufentanil and six of the seven high-dose sufentanil rats that had focally increased r-CMRgl in the amygdala. Sufentanil causes a selective increase in r-CMRgl in subcortical limbic nuclei, particularly the amygdala, in the rat. EEG patterns of seizure activity may reflect subcortical, rather than cortical activation. PMID- 6238554 TI - Emergency coronary artery bypass surgery following intracoronary streptokinase. PMID- 6238555 TI - Natural and induced immunity to hepatitis B virus among the staff of a pediatric oncology center. AB - All employees of St. Jude Children's Research Hospital who were at risk for occupational exposure to hepatitis B virus were considered appropriate candidates for immunization when the vaccine was licensed in November 1981. Because a high prevalence of hepatitis B immunity was expected among the staff, preimmunization screening was undertaken in the belief that it would be cost effective. Of 315 candidates screened for antibody to the hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs), 79 (25%) had detectable levels and 48 (15%) had titers of greater than or equal to 10 ratio units (RU). The highest rates of anti-HBs positivity were found among housekeepers (40%), nursing assistants (35%), physicians (31%), clinical laboratory workers (29%), and ward clerks (27%); nurses had the lowest rate (16%). An evaluation of potential risk factors implicated age greater than 30 years as having greatest importance. Serum samples were collected from 221 employees 3 months after their third dose of vaccine and tested for anti-HBs; 218 (98.6%) were seropositive. Eighteen employees who had detectable anti-HBs in the range of 2.1 to 9.9 RU before immunization responded well to the vaccine; the titers rose from an average of 4 RU before vaccination to an average of 313 RU 3 months after the third dose. The findings indicate that preimmunization screening of all health care workers identified as candidates for vaccination may not be necessary or economically feasible. If a screening program is undertaken, however, anti-HBs testing of only those persons greater than 30 years of age would increase the program's cost effectiveness. PMID- 6238556 TI - Should your hospital's employees receive hepatitis B vaccine? AB - The hepatitis B risk for hospital employees is a function of their own prior experience with this disease and their frequency of exposure to patient blood, plus characteristics of the hospital's patient population, services, and prevention policies. Assessment of the hospital's risk includes consideration of costs associated with employee cases of hepatitis B, employee turnover rates, frequency of exposure incidents, and costs for preexposure and postexposure hepatitis B prevention policies. Benefits occur for both employee and hospital when the risk of hepatitis B transmission is minimized. Each institution must remember that it does not operate in isolation; its policies will be compared to those of other health care organizations. Participation in community efforts to develop local standards is advisable, but administrators should also recognize the possibility of having unique groups of high-risk employees in their own hospital. Analysis of each of the twelve issues will provide hospital decision makers with information needed to select appropriate hepatitis B prevention strategies for their institution. This information should help in the development of a plan that will balance the costs and benefits of hepatitis B vaccine and, at the same time, protect employees from this occupational health problem. PMID- 6238557 TI - Varicose veins of the abdominal wall in a child. A case report. AB - A case of a venous malformation of the abdominal wall in a 13-year-old boy is hereby presented. This malformation, manifesting as varicosities which were present from infancy caused no disturbances other than cosmetic. Clinical, laboratory and radiological examinations revealed no underlying pathology linked with this malformation. Considering the patient's history, we assumed the varicosities to be sequelae of a deep thrombophlebitis of the right leg in infancy, although a congenital etiology was not excluded. The varicose veins were surgically excised with excellent postoperative results. To the best of our knowledge, no such case was previously reported in literature. PMID- 6238558 TI - Comparison between long-term treatment of chronic bronchitic airway obstruction with ipratropium bromide and metaproterenol. AB - Twenty-eight patients with chronic obstructive lung disease with a reversible component were treated with either 40 micrograms of ipratropium bromide (IB) or 1.5 mg of metaproterenol (MP) by a metered dose inhaler four times a day in a double-blind randomized fashion. The treatment was continued for 3 months and pulmonary function tests and clinical evaluation were made on days, 1, 30, 45, 60, and 90. IB produced significantly greater bronchodilatation between one and three hours compared with MP. Furthermore, patients receiving IB showed no decline in effectiveness over 3 months, in contrast to MP which showed some evidence of development of drug tolerance within the same period. No side effects were noted. It is concluded that the anti-cholinergic agent IB is a more effective bronchodilator at the doses used in the above group of patients, both acutely and over a long-term period. PMID- 6238560 TI - Idiopathic immune complex glomerulonephritis in dogs with multisystem involvement. AB - Renal specimens obtained by biopsy and/or at necropsy from 4 dogs with nephrotic syndrome were studied using light, immunofluorescence, and electron microscopies. The glomerulonephritis observed in these dogs was considered an idiopathic immune complex glomerulonephritis associated with multisystem involvement because causes of glomerulonephritis in these dogs could not be established. Immunoglobulin A was observed in granular deposits in the mesangial and subendothelial regions of the glomeruli. The relationship of the clinical and pathologic features of this disease in dogs to various renal syndromes in human beings are described. PMID- 6238559 TI - Glycosylated albumin and serum protein in diabetic dogs. AB - Glycosylated albumin and glycosylated protein in serum were measured in 4 well controlled diabetic dogs, 4 poorly controlled diabetic dogs, and 21 nondiabetic dogs. Concentrations of both glycosylated components in the well-controlled dogs were similar to those in nondiabetic dogs. Serum concentrations of glycosylated albumin and protein in the poorly controlled diabetic dogs were higher (P less than 0.001) than those of the nondiabetic and well-controlled diabetic dogs. Because of the essentially irreversible nature of the glycosylation reaction and the relatively short turnover time of albumin and other serum proteins, measurements of glycosylated serum components may provide an index of glycemia during the preceding days or weeks. PMID- 6238561 TI - Aspirin impairs antibacterial mechanisms in experimental pneumococcal pneumonia. AB - Normal CD-1 mice were inoculated intratracheally with Streptococcus pneumoniae and treated with aspirin in order to assess the effects of that drug on pulmonary antibacterial mechanisms. Animals pretreated for 72 h with aspirin prior to bacterial challenge and animals given aspirin immediately after infection experienced worse survival rates than did control mice (p less than 0.01 and p less than 0.05, respectively). When challenged with a sublethal inoculum, pretreated and immediately treated animals demonstrated significant impairments in their ability to clear viable pneumococci from the lungs; the inefficient pulmonary clearance was associated with a marked attenuation in the ability of aspirin-treated mice to recruit granulocytes and macrophages into the bronchoalveolar spaces. Survival in mice administered aspirin 6 h after pneumococcal challenge was not adversely affected; however, the pulmonary clearance and cellular response were significantly impaired. We conclude that aspirin can disrupt host defense against pneumococci by blunting the normal pulmonary inflammatory reaction to organisms deposited into the lower respiratory tract. PMID- 6238562 TI - Rectus muscle preservation in oblique incisions for cholecystectomy. AB - A technique of retraction and preservation of the rectus muscle in oblique cholecystectomy incisions is described. Preservation of the rectus increases strength and decreases the amount of devitalized tissue in the wound. Using the rectus preserving technique, no incisional hernias have developed in a series of more than 100 cholecystectomies, even when wound infections have occurred. The advantages of preserving the rectus as an accessory muscle of respiration as well as the advantages in wound strength allow for a shorter period of convalescence. PMID- 6238563 TI - [Extrarespiratory manifestations of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection]. AB - Three patients with Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection, documented by CF antibody titers greater than 128, developed severe extrapulmonary manifestations. Two of them had a Stevens-Johnson syndrome seven and two days after the beginning of respiratory symptoms and the third a demyelinating polyradicyloneuropathy three weeks later. One of the patients with Stevens-Johnson syndrome and serious respiratory involvement also had hemolytic anemia associated with a cold agglutinins titer of 128. Authors determined lymphocytes subpopulations in one of the cases of Stevens-Johnson syndrome and in the patient with polyradiculoneuropathy. In both of them they found a reduced number of T-helper lymphocytes, and in the patient with Guillain-Barre syndrome an increase in suppressor T cells was also demonstrated. PMID- 6238564 TI - [Metabolic therapy of cardiopathies, based on the biochemical physiopathology of the myocardium]. AB - An updated and systematic account is given of cardiometabolic therapy by one who was among the first to investigate the biochemical pathology of the heart and the rational employment of biological substance in cardiological management. It is preceded by an explanation of the biochemical physiology of the myocardium and the metabolic changes associated with cardiac damage, and with heart failure in particular. The practical importance, effects and limits of metabolic cardiotherapy are assessed and its main fields of utilisation in current medical and cardiological practice are illustrated in the light of personal experience. PMID- 6238565 TI - Advanced grandmaternal age on the mother's side--a risk of giving rise to trisomy 21. AB - The age distribution of maternal grandmothers of children with Down syndrome was compared with paternal grandparents of the same group and with grandparents of healthy children (controls). The significant advanced maternal grandmaternal age was found in cases of Down syndrome caused by first meiotic error in the maternal oogenesis. The advanced maternal grandmaternal age was found independent of maternal age. No differences were found between the ages of grandfathers of Down syndrome and of controls. PMID- 6238566 TI - Fetal death rates in mothers of children with trisomy 21 (Down syndrome). AB - Women under 25 years at the birth of a child with trisomy 21 (Down syndrome) appear to have an increased risk of having another child with a trisomy. If the risk of recurrence is due solely to an increased production of trisomic conceptions, women with an affected child should have a rate of spontaneous abortion higher than average, since the majority of aneuploid conceptuses are expected to be aborted. We examined fetal loss rates among the other pregnancies of 545 women delivered of a child with trisomy 21 and compared the observed loss rates with those which would be expected were the relative risk for these women for an aneuploid recognized pregnancy the same as their relative risk for an aneuploid livebirth as reported by others. Overall loss rates in their prior pregnancies were greatest for women who were 20-24 years old at the time of birth of the proband. Moreover, the observed rate of fetal loss for this group of women (33.8%) was at least as high as that predicted from their relative risk for a trisomic livebirth. By contrast, the observed fetal loss rates for women 25-39 years of age at the proband's birth did not differ from the rates predicted on the assumption that their risk for a trisomic recognized pregnancy was not increased, as the livebirth data suggested. The results of this study suggest that women under 25 years at the birth of a child with trisomy 21 have a significantly higher rate of fetal loss in their prior pregnancies than women delivered of the trisomic child at older ages. PMID- 6238568 TI - Genetic testing in Huntington's disease. PMID- 6238567 TI - Parental age and unbalanced Robertsonian translocations associated with Down syndrome and Patau syndrome: comparison with maternal and paternal age effects for 47, +21 and 47, +13. AB - Data are analysed on livebirths with trisomic syndromes associated with unbalanced Robertsonian translocations born from 1968 to 1981 and reported to the New York State Chromosome Registry. The maternal ages of reported cases were compared with those of the livebirths in the general population who were born in the same year. The number of translocations studied, the mean case-control differences in years in maternal age (and the standard errors of the mean) were respectively, as follows: D/21 mutants, n = 36, -0.1 (+/- 0.9); G/21 mutants, n = 46, +1.5 (+/-0.8); D/13 mutants, n = 16, +0.6 (+/-1.5); D/21 inherited, n = 12, 1.0 (+/-1.4); G/21 inherited, n = 3, -0.3 (+/-4.4); and D/13 inherited, n = 6, +2.1 (+/-2.4). There was little change in any category if the few cases diagnosed prenatally were included. Only the value for the G/21 mutants is significantly different from zero at the 0.05 level. (The results on G/21 mutants in maternal age are consistent with an earlier Japanese report of an increase of about 2 years over the control values.) The distribution of maternal ages suggests that G/21 mutants may be produced both by maternal age-independent and maternal age dependent components. The data on D/21 mutants, however, do not indicate the negative association with maternal age reported in Japan. Differences between this study and the Japanese study in analyses of controls may explain this slight variation. But in any event both studies reveal no evidence for an increase in maternal age for unbalanced D/21 mutant or D/21 inherited translocations associated with Down syndrome. This is evidence against the hypothesis that relaxed selection during gestation, after recognition of pregnancy, accounts for the maternal age effects of 47, +21. In comparison with the results on Robertsonian translocations, the case-control differences in maternal age in years (and the standard errors of the mean) for 47, +21 for 2148 livebirths was +4.6 (+/-0.2), and for 2354 cases including those diagnosed prenatally was +5.3 (+/-0.2). The most likely value for an estimated total of 2292 cases of 47, +21 livebirths that would have been reported in the absence of prenatal diagnosis was +5.1 (+/-0.2). For 47, +13, for 98 livebirths the mean case-control difference in maternal age in years was +1.5 (+/-0.7) and for 116 cases including those diagnosed prenatally was +3.2 (+/-0.7).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6238569 TI - Anthropometric profile of rural school-children of Byelorussian Polesye. AB - 5500 Byelorussian (Polesye) boys and girls between 7 and 17 years of age have been investigated for 30 anthropometric variables. Morphograms plotted on the basis of the results of this study can be used to assess the anthropometric profile of the school-children of Polesye. PMID- 6238570 TI - Isolation of the major chondroitin sulfate/dermatan sulfate and heparan sulfate proteoglycans from embryonic chicken retina. AB - A technique is presented for the preparation of three major proteoglycans from 14 day embryonic chicken retinas following their culture overnight with [35S]sulfate and either [3H]glucosamine or [3H]serine. Homogenization of the tissue in saline permitted extraction of heterogeneous soluble proteoglycans separately from most of the heparan sulfate proteoglycans. The latter were extracted from the 140,000g pellet with 0.5% Triton X-100 in 8 M urea. The medium plus the saline and urea detergent extracts were separated from low-molecular-weight contaminants, and fractionated into two peaks of radioactivity on Sephacryl S-300 in saline with 3 M urea and 0.5% Triton X-100. The proteoglycans were isolated directly from these fractions on DEAE-Sephacel, and subjected to ultrafiltration concentration and then further purification on cesium chloride density gradient centrifugation in 4 M guanidine hydrochloride. A further step involving cetylpyridinium chloride precipitation was examined, but it resulted in essentially no further purification. The fractionations separated a large chondroitin sulfate/dermatan sulfate proteoglycan from the culture medium that was excluded from S-300 and of low buoyant density; a large heparan sulfate proteoglycan from the urea-detergent extract that was also excluded from S-300 and of low buoyant density; and two smaller and possibly related heparan sulfate proteoglycans. One was found in the medium and showed low to intermediate buoyant density; the other was isolated from the urea-detergent extract and showed a significantly higher buoyant density, associated with a lower protein content. The saline extract contained both of the two larger proteoglycans and only minor amounts of the smaller molecules. PMID- 6238571 TI - Control of cellular redox potential as measured in a steady-state, cell-free system. AB - A cell-free system consisting of rat liver mitochondria, liver cytosol, lactate, and the substrates intrinsic to the malate-aspartate shuttle was reconstituted for studies of steady-state substrate fluxes and, more specifically, to evaluate further the mechanism of control of the intra- and extramitochondrial steady states of the free NAD+/NADH ratios. Soluble (F1) ATPase or 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP) were added in varying amounts to alter substrate fluxes and the constant energy state of this 'open' metabolizing system. The steady-state redox segregation (1.36 log NAD+/NADH ratio out vs NAD+/NADH in the mitochondrial matrix) was maximally about 3 kcal, and declined together with the membrane potential (delta psi) and log ATP/ADP, which obtain on imposing an increasing energy load on the system. It is concluded that transmembrane movement of reducing equivalents is coupled to electron transfer through delta psi, mediated by the electrogenic exchange of glutamate and aspartate. When delta psi was high (near State 4), delta G redox was approximately the same as that generated without flux of reducing equivalents [E. J. Davis, J. Bremer, and K. E. Akerman (1980) J. Biol. Chem. 255, 2277-2283], suggesting that delta Gredox is in near thermodynamic equilibrium with delta psi. If the steady-state ATP/ADP ratio was altered with an energy load (F1-ATPase), delta Gredox decreased more steeply than delta psi (tetraphenyl phosphonium-sensitive electrode used to measure delta psi). At comparable ranges of ATP/ADP, both delta Gredox and delta psi decreased more steeply with uncoupler than with an external ADP-regenerating system. PMID- 6238572 TI - Interaction of thyroid hormone and sex steroids at the rabbit reticulocyte membrane in vitro: control by 17 beta-estradiol and testosterone of thyroid hormone-responsive Ca2+-ATPase activity. AB - Physiological concentrations (10(-10) M) of L-thyroxine and triiodo-L-thyronine were found in vitro to enhance Ca2+-ATPase activity in reticulocyte-enriched red cell membranes from female rabbits and to inhibit this enzyme in the male reticulocyte. Cross-incubation experiments with reticulocyte-enriched red cells and plasma from the opposite sex demonstrated that this sex-specific membrane response to thyroid hormone was transferable by plasma. Similar experiments with intact reticulocytes exposed to physiological concentrations (10(-11) M) of testosterone and 17 beta-estradiol indicated that the plasma factors were the sex steroids. That is, incubation in vitro with testosterone converted female-source reticulocytes to male-type responsiveness to thyroid hormone (inhibition of Ca2+ ATPase activity); incubation with estradiol converted male-source reticulocyte enriched red cells to female-type responsiveness (stimulation by iodothyronines of membrane Ca2+-ATPase activity). Similar results were obtained when reticulocyte ghosts were incubated with testosterone and 17 beta-estradiol prior to determination of membrane enzyme activity. Etiocholanolone (5 beta-androstan-3 alpha-ol-17-one) and testosterone were equipotent, but 5 alpha dihydrotestosterone had little activity in this system. Estrone and estradiol were equipotent, but estriol had no permissive effect on the stimulation by iodothyronine of reticulocyte membrane Ca2+-ATPase activity. Expression of thyroid hormone action in vitro on Ca2+-ATPase activity in the rabbit reticulocyte is determined at the membrane level by testosterone and estrogen. The structure-activity relationships of the sex steroids for this membrane action are different than those reported for nuclear actions of the steroids. PMID- 6238573 TI - [Development of fluoropyrimidine derivatives]. AB - 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU), first synthesized by Heidelberger et al. in 1957 has been used extensively in the treatment of cancer. In the process of development antitumor drugs in fluoropyrimidine, 5-FU and 5-fluorodeoxyuridine (FdUrd) were chosen because these two drugs relatively were incorporated into tumor tissues more than into normal tissues. The toxicity of 5-FU seems to be proportional to its concentration in blood. To be effective clinically, the concentration of a therapeutic drugs (5-FU and FdUrd) should be high in the tumor and low in the blood. In this paper, the characterization of masked forms of 5-FU and FdUrd were described as follows: Metabolism of 5-FU and uracil. Conversion of FT-207 to 5-FU (P-450). Prove in chemotherapy of cancer by oral administration of FT-207. Theory of co-administration of FT-207 with uracil (UFT-therapy). Conversion of 5'DFUR (5'deoxy-5-fluorouridine) to 5-FU (Pyrimidine nucleoside phosphorylase). Conversion of FF-705a 2'-deoxy-3', 5'-O- diacetyl-5-fluoro-3-(3-methylbenzoyl) uridine to FdUrd and 5-FU, and fluctuation of 5-FU and FdUrd levels in the blood after oral administration of FF-705a. PMID- 6238574 TI - Unsuspected cardiopulmonary abnormalities complicating bronchopulmonary dysplasia. AB - Bronchopulmonary dysplasia is a serious chronic lung disease of infancy but despite numerous problems such as poor growth, recurrent lower respiratory tract infections, and cor pulmonale, steady improvement and recovery may generally be expected. We report four infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia in whom the cardiopulmonary course did not show the usual steady improvement. Each infant was found to have an unsuspected cardiopulmonary lesion in addition to lung disease: two had congenital heart disease and two upper airway obstruction. Three improved after surgical intervention but one patient died immediately after this. Persistent right ventricular hypertrophy in patients with bronchopulmonary dysplasia maintained on supplemental oxygen, and a particularly slow rate of recovery from the need for supplemental oxygen are markers that should lead to evaluation for coexisting cardiopulmonary abnormalities. PMID- 6238575 TI - Rheumatological manifestations of infective endocarditis. AB - A retrospective study showed musculoskeletal manifestations in 32 of 108 patients treated for infective endocarditis in several departments at the Poitiers CHU. Such manifestations included articular pain or aseptic arthritis, typically involving the major joints, as well as vertebral osteomyelitis, low back pain (inflammatory or non-inflammatory), and myalgia. Patients showing such signs were generally younger than those without musculoskeletal involvement, diagnosis was made later, and prognosis was worse; streptococcus D was more often involved, and microscopic haematuria was more common. With the exception of vertebral osteomyelitis, the pathogenesis was not clear. PMID- 6238576 TI - Surgical correction of pulmonary atresia and ventricular septal defect with large systemic-pulmonary collaterals. AB - A two-stage surgical procedure was performed in a young adult with pulmonary atresia and a ventricular septal defect with upper lobe pulmonary artery flow from confluent central pulmonary arteries and lower lobe pulmonary blood flow originating from two large systemic-pulmonary collaterals. Initially a Dacron Y graft was anastomosed between the ascending aorta and the collaterals and a graft to the left pulmonary artery. At the second operation, continuity was established between the right ventricle and the Y graft by using a valved Dacron conduit and the ventricular septal defect was closed. PMID- 6238577 TI - Gastric antisecretory properties of SCH 32651. AB - This report describes the gastric antisecretory properties of SCH 32651 (3-amino 2-methyl-8-phenylmethoxyimidazo[1,2-a] pyrazine HCl . 1/3 H2O). In the pyloric ligated rat, SCH 32651 inhibited gastric acid secretion; the oral ID50 (95% confidence limits) was 23.7 (13.8-39.2) mg/kg. In Heidenhain pouch dogs, SCH 32651 antagonized histamine-stimulated acid secretion with an ID50 of 1.44 (0.55 3.91) mg/kg p.o. SCH 32651 was also active against secretory responses to dimaprit, pentagastrin and feeding in dogs. In all test models SCH 32651 showed similar potency to cimetidine. Chronic administration of SCH 32651 or cimetidine caused slight tolerance and its antisecretory effect was readily reversible on cessation of dosing. The data indicate that SCH 32651 is an orally effective novel antisecretory drug. PMID- 6238578 TI - Ascending aorta-bilateral femoral arteries bypass via preperitoneal route of ventral abdominal wall. PMID- 6238579 TI - [Controlled clinical study of the effects of a single aerosol administration of a fenoterol-ipratropium bromide combination in comparison with salbutamol]. PMID- 6238580 TI - [Evaluation of the effects on ventilatory function of a single administration of an ipratropium bromide-fenoterol combination in comparison with fenoterol alone]. PMID- 6238581 TI - [Comparison of the effects of inhalation of a single dose of a ipratropium bromide-fenoterol combination with a single dose of fenoterol]. PMID- 6238582 TI - [Study of the bronchodilating effects of ipratropium bromidefenoterol in comparison with carbuterol]. PMID- 6238583 TI - [Short and medium-term controlled study of the bronchodilating effects of a fenoterol-ipratropium bromide combination in asthmatic children]. PMID- 6238586 TI - Engineering therapy: an approach to treatment of a patient with severe cognitive and physical handicaps. AB - "Engineering therapy" may be defined as therapeutic intervention based on technologic aids. The concept is illustrated by the case of a 63-year-old woman who sustained a traumatic brain injury that resulted in severely limited functional capabilities and inability to communicate or interact with her environment in any meaningful way. Although she participated in an intensive rehabilitation program, no significant improvement occurred and she was transferred to a nursing home. Two years postinjury a microcomputer and other technical aids were used to facilitate communication and interaction with her environment. During the course of the engineering therapy, voluntary motor skills and endurance significantly improved and communication skills markedly increased. Many secondary benefits were also noted such as increased participation by the nursing home staff in her therapy. It is concluded that engineering therapy can benefit severely handicapped patients even after many years of disability. PMID- 6238584 TI - [Evaluation of the efficacy of ipratropium-fenoterol in the prevention of bronchospasm induced by exertion in comparison with disodium cromoglycate]. PMID- 6238585 TI - [Multicenter clinical study on the delayed use of ipratropium-fenoterol in broncho-obstructive pathology]. PMID- 6238588 TI - Tests for non organic low back pain. PMID- 6238587 TI - Reopening a worker's compensation claim. PMID- 6238589 TI - Advanced breast cancer: response to high dose oral medroxyprogesterone acetate. AB - We treated 105 patients with advanced breast cancer, using the progestational agent medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA), 200 mg orally tds in a non-randomised trial. In general they were a poor risk population, since 78 had received prior endocrine therapy (21 more than one type) and 58 prior chemotherapy. Treatment was well tolerated. Side effects included weight gain, muscle cramps, fine tremor and fluid retention, but these were usually mild, resolved if the dose of drug was reduced, and only one patient stopped treatment because of toxicity. Seventeen patients died within six weeks of starting MPA, and disease progression occurred in a further 58. Nine have had stable disease for periods ranging from two to 11 months, and there were 21 who showed disease regression. Response to treatment continues in 13 of these patients, and at the time of writing the median duration of response is 10 months. Response rates were similar in pre- and post-menopausal patients. The dose of MPA was double to 400 mg tds in 16 patients whose disease had progressed on 200 mg tds, but no additional responses were seen in this group. Seven out of 24 (29%) patients who had not received prior endocrine therapy responded to high dose oral MPA, a response rate similar to that seen following other hormonal manipulations, but because the drug also has activity against hormone-resistant tumours and is well tolerated, it should have role in the treatment of advanced breast cancer. PMID- 6238590 TI - The role of bivalent ions in the inactivation of bacteriophage phi X174 by lipopolysaccharide from Escherichia coli C. AB - The need for Ca2+ in the inactivation of bacteriophage phi X174 by lipopolysaccharide from Escherichia coli C was confirmed. Ca2+ could be replaced almost completely by Na+, but the concentration of Na+ needed was greater by more than an order of magnitude. Other bivalent ions caused inactivation in the same way as Ca2+, and the degree of inactivation varied according to the ion. At 50% inactivation of bacteriophage, the relation between the concentrations of NaCl and of bivalent or tervalent ions (Mx+) fitted the conception that NaCl was neutralizing electrostatic repulsion between virus and lipopolysaccharide by an ionic-strength effect: that is, log[Mx+] varies inversely with square root[NaCl]. The variation in effect of bi- and ter-valent ions and the low concentration needed show that this is not an ionic-strength effect but likely to involve binding to more than one site. PMID- 6238591 TI - Very-high-field n.m.r. studies of bovine lung heparan sulphate tetrasaccharides produced by nitrous acid deaminative cleavage. Determination of saccharide sequence, uronate composition and degrees of sulphation. AB - Tetrasaccharides with the general structure UA-GlcNAc-GlcUA-aManOH (where UA represents uronate, GlcNAc N-acetylglucosamine, GlcUA glucuronate and aManOH anhydromannitol) were prepared from low-sulphated heparan sulphates of bovine lung origin by complete nitrous acid deaminative cleavage followed by reduction and fractionated by gel filtration. Ion-exchange chromatography of the tetrasaccharides yielded three major fractions in approximate yields of 37%, 45% and 14%. These were shown to be non-, mono- and di-sulphated respectively. Complete structural characterization of the tetrasaccharide fractions by quantitative high-field n.m.r. spectroscopy showed that each fraction contained only two discrete species and led to the following observations. (1) All of the uronate residues in the tetrasaccharides (and in larger oligosaccharides) are unsulphated, and hence sulphated iduronate [IdUA(2SO3)] must occur exclusively within -GlcNSO3-IdUA(2SO3)-GlcNSO3- sequences (where GlcNSO3 represents N-sulpho glucosamine) in the parent polymers. (2) The GlcNAc residues in the tetrasaccharides are more highly C-6-O-sulphated than are the aManOH residues, and furthermore sulphation on the aManOH appears to occur only where the GlcNAc is also sulphated. (3) Where the GlcNAc is C-6-O-sulphated, iduronate is the major non-reducing terminal residue, whereas glucuronate predominates in this position if the GlcNAc is unsulphated. The quantitative data obtained are used to determine the degree of C-6-O-sulphation of glucosamine residues in specific sequences within the parent heparan sulphates. PMID- 6238592 TI - Cholesterol synthesis in cultured skin fibroblasts from patients with Huntington's disease. AB - In view of the proposed membrane defect in Huntington's disease, cultured skin fibroblasts from healthy volunteers and patients with Huntington's disease were compared with respect to their ability to carry out de novo synthesis of cholesterol. At confluency, values for incorporation of [14C]acetate and 3H2O into cholesterol, and activities of HMG-CoA reductase (the rate-limiting enzyme in the cholesterol biosynthetic pathway), did not differ significantly in the Huntington's disease cells compared to the controls. Determinations of total cellular cholesterol gave similar ratios of cholesterol/protein and cholesterol/phospholipid in the Huntington's disease and control fibroblasts. The data suggest that the proposed generalized cell membrane abnormality in Huntington's disease cannot be attributed to a defect in the cholesterol biosynthetic pathway. PMID- 6238593 TI - Evidence that the ATP binding site of sarcoplasmic reticulum CaATPase has a Mg(2+) ion binding sub-site. AB - The CaATPase of skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum was specifically labeled in the ATP binding site with fluorescein isothiocyanate under gentle conditions (pH 7 X 5). Fluorescence energy transfer from the attached fluorescein to Nd3+ indicated that a cation binding site was about 1 X 0 nm away from the fluorescein. Thus it appears that the ATP site includes a cation binding site. At 25 degrees C in 0 X 5 M KCl, the association constants for Nd3+, Ca2+ and Mg2+ were 3 X 3 X 10(5) M-1, 84 M-1 and 35 M-1, respectively, making it possible that, in vivo, the site binds Mg2+. PMID- 6238595 TI - Protein kinase C phosphorylates the synthetic peptide Arg-Arg-Lys-Ala-Ser-Gly-Pro Pro-Val in the presence of phospholipid plus either Ca2+ or a phorbol ester tumor promoter. AB - The synthetic nonapeptide Arg-Arg-Lys-Ala-Ser-Gly-Pro-Pro-Val is a substrate for in vitro phosphorylation by a partially purified preparation of rat brain protein kinase C, with Kmapp of about 130 microM. The closely related peptide kemptide was a much weaker substrate, bovine serum albumin was not a substrate and the peptide Arg-Arg-Lys-Ala-Ala-Gly-Pro-Pro-Val was a weak inhibitor of the enzyme. Protein kinase C-catalyzed phosphorylation of histone III-S and the nonapeptide are regulated by identical mechanisms since with both substrates the reaction required added phospholipid and either Ca2+ (1mM) or TPA (200 nM TPA). Our findings show that polypeptides containing multiple basic residues followed by the sequence Ala-Ser can be substrates for TPA-stimulated phosphorylation by protein kinase C. PMID- 6238594 TI - Administration of human pancreatic growth hormone-releasing factor (GRF) analogs enhances responsiveness of cultured rat pituitary cells to GRF. AB - The aim of this study was to investigate whether anterior pituitary responsiveness to human pancreatic growth hormone-releasing factor containing 29 amino acids (GRF-29) can be modulated by GRF-29 itself. Male rats were injected (sc) daily for 3 days with 50 ug of GRF-29, or were treated twice daily for 14 days with 5 ug of [D-Ala-2]-GRF-29 (a potent GRF agonist). Control animals were injected with saline. After the last injection, pituitaries were removed, dispersed, cultured for 96 h and then challenged with either GRF-29 or [D-Trp-6] LHRH (a LHRH agonist). Cultured cells from analog-treated rats were more responsive to GRF-29 stimulation than were cells obtained from controls. In contrast, neither treatment altered the response to [D-Trp-6]-LHRH. These studies indicate that periodic administration of GRF analogs can increase hypophyseal GRF responsiveness. Such control may be an important component in the physiological regulation of GH secretion and has important implications for potential therapeutic uses of GRF analogs. PMID- 6238596 TI - Sulfhydryl groups of aldosterone receptors from swine kidney. AB - Specific [3H]aldosterone binding activity in swine kidney cytosol was inactivated by pretreatment of the cytosol with monoiodoacetamide (pH 8.5), N-ethylmaleimide (pH 7.0), or 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoate) (pH 7.5). Dithiothreitol restored the specific binding activity inactivated by the nitrobenzoate, but not that inactivated with ethylmaleimide. Incubation of the cytosol with aldosterone prior to pretreatment with ethylmaleimide protected the receptors from inactivation. The rank order of steroids for the protection was: aldosterone greater than hydrocortisone greater than or equal to dexamethazone = progesterone greater than triamcinolone greater than estradiol. The initial velocity of the specific hormone binding could be determined by the binding reaction for 60 sec at 30 degrees. Double reciprocal plots of the initial velocity versus the hormone concentration with or without the nitrobenzoate showed a typical pattern of competition between the hormone and the inactivator. The results indicated the presence of functional sulfhydryl groups on the hormone binding sites of aldosterone receptors. PMID- 6238597 TI - Calcium and phospholipid-dependent protein kinase activity in mouse epidermis cytosol. Stimulation by complete and incomplete tumor promoters and inhibition by various compounds. AB - Calcium- and phospholipid-dependent protein kinase (Ca, PL-PK) activity is detectable in mouse epidermis cytosol. It can be stimulated in vitro by complete and incomplete tumor promoters (12-0-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) and 12 0-retinoylphorbol-13-acetate (RPA], respectively. Effective inhibition of the enzyme activity is achieved with quercetin and phloretin, whereas the lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase inhibitors nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) and esculetin show just weak or no inhibition. Quercetin inhibits the lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase equally well as the Ca, PL-PK, whereas the strong Ca, PL-PK inhibitor phloretin is absolutely ineffective in inhibiting the lipoxygenase/cyclooxygenase. The application of these inhibitors in differentiating tumor promoter induced effects in vivo is proposed. PMID- 6238598 TI - Atrial natriuretic factor in rat hypothalamus, atria and plasma: determination by specific radioimmunoassay. AB - A rapid and reproducible radioimmunoassay method was developed for rat atrial natriuretic factor (ANF)-IV. The method is also applicable to human atrial peptide. ANF was detected in rat hypothalamus (5.03 pmoles/g tissue), right (86.8 pmoles/mg tissue) and left atria (52.5 pmoles/mg tissue), and plasma (156 fmoles/ml). After high salt intake immunoreactive ANF in atria and plasma increased significantly, while a significant decrease was observed in hypothalamus. Gel chromatography revealed high and low molecular weight ANF in atria and hypothalamus while only a low molecular weight form was found in plasma. PMID- 6238599 TI - Characterization of the defective autologous mixed lymphocyte response in rheumatoid arthritis. AB - In order to characterize the autologous mixed lymphocyte response (AMLR) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and to define the relationship with disease activity, peripheral blood T lymphocytes were stimulated with either a B lymphocyte-enriched (B cells) or a macrophage-enriched (macrophages) population. A significant reduction (P less than 0.01 to P less than 0.001) of T cell proliferation stimulated both by B cells and macrophages was observed in patients with active disease. The B lymphocytes were significantly less stimulatory (P less than 0.02 to P less than 0.001) than macrophages in the patients compared with the controls. In the normal controls, macrophages in higher concentrations were capable of suppressing the B lymphocyte-stimulated AMLR, but macrophages from patients with RA were not excessively suppressive. A significant association (P less than 0.02) was observed between disease activity and the AMLR. Using the B-enriched population, the AMLR proliferative response was significantly associated (P less than 0.001) with the production of interleukin-2. Defects in proliferation could only be partially restored by the addition of interleukin-2. These data indicate that the defective AMLR observed in patients with RA is related to disease activity and is associated with altered cellular interactions among T lymphocytes, macrophages, and the B lymphocyte-enriched population. PMID- 6238600 TI - Effects of AVS (1,2-bis(nicotinamido)propane) on platelet function and vascular endothelium. AB - The effects of 1,2-bis(nicotinamido)propane (AVS) on platelet function and vascular endothelium were investigated using various experimental thrombosis and vascular endothelial injury models. Neither in vitro platelet aggregation induced by ADP, collagen or arachidonate nor ex vivo platelet aggregation by ADP or collagen could be antagonized by AVS. On the other hand, AVS prevented mice, rats and rabbits from death induced by acute cerebral or pulmonary thromboembolism following the injection of arachidonate or collagen. These activities were as potent as those of acetylsalicylic acid. The disrupting actions of citrate and/or lipidperoxide (13-hydroperoxy linoleic acid) on endothelium were well inhibited by the pretreatment of AVS. AVS did not inhibit cyclooxygenase, increased prostacyclin (PGI2)/thromboxane A2 (TXA2) ratio in the coupled system of platelets and aortic microsomes. In conclusion, AVS inhibited thrombus formation in vivo while it was ineffective in vitro platelet alone system, which may result from the actions of this agent on both platelets and vascular endothelium. The above-mentioned results clearly show that AVS may be a new potent anti-vascular damaging agent with both endothelium stabilizing and PGI2 enhancing activities. PMID- 6238601 TI - Glunicate (LG 13979) protects the arterial wall from cholesterol-induced atherosclerotic changes in the rabbit without affecting plasma lipids. AB - Glunicate is evaluated compared to nicotinic acid for effects on aortic atheromatous lesions, lipid parameters and factors involved in thrombosis and haemostasis in rabbits kept on a high-cholesterol diet for 12 weeks, using 2 doses of glunicate (0.17 and 0.69 g/day) and 1 of nicotinic acid (0.6 g/day). Glunicate afforded dose-dependent protection of the arterial wall from atheromatous lesions and from cholesterol and collagen accumulation, while nicotinic acid hardly had any effect. These effects were completely independent of plasma lipid-lowering action, the plasma levels of all lipids being indistinguishable in all cholesterol-fed groups. In addition to inducing the expected changes in the lipid pattern, the atherogenic diet increased platelet aggregation in response to collagen but not to ADP, prolonged the APTT and lowered the plasma fibrinogen levels. Both glunicate and nicotinic acid counteracted the effects of the diet on platelet aggregation and on APTT, but only glunicate normalised the fibrinogen levels. There was no change in PT or in prostacyclin-like activity release from the mesenteric artery after the diet or diet plus drugs. PMID- 6238603 TI - [Problem-solving capacity for meeting health care demands at the primary level in Chile, 1981]. PMID- 6238602 TI - [Urban cutaneous leishmaniasis in Barquisimeto, Venezuela]. PMID- 6238604 TI - [Psycho-neurophysiological aspects of senile involution]. PMID- 6238605 TI - [Life expectancy of the problem drinker in Santiago, Chile. V. Projection of results from 1960 to 1980]. PMID- 6238606 TI - [Status of Chagas disease in the Americas]. PMID- 6238607 TI - [Immune status of the population to poliomyelitis, measles and rubella. Chile, 1983]. PMID- 6238608 TI - [Control of leprosy]. PMID- 6238609 TI - [Rubella and pregnancy: serological examination in the determination of risks and damage]. PMID- 6238610 TI - The muscles of the abdominal wall: a new functional approach with anatomoclinical deductions. AB - The basic functional anatomy of muscle can be investigated by histochemical analysis of the muscle fibers and kinesiologic electromyography. The results of these techniques lead to anatomoclinical deductions based on the structure of muscle. Histochemical analysis of the striated fibers of a given muscle shows the existence of three functionally different populations of fibers. The relative abundance of each category of muscle fibers (expressed as a percentage) demonstrates the basic function of the muscle. The investigation of muscle function by kinesiologic electromyography shows that there are three categories of motor activity in the course of movement. These different types of motor activity are dependent upon the muscle fibers which display different physiological features, especially with respect to their contraction time. These two investigative techniques, the overall results of which are concordant, were applied to the study of the function of the muscles of the abdominal wall and led to the following anatomo-clinical deduction: tonico-postural motor activity is predominant in the rectus abdominis and flat abdominal muscles. Kinesiologic electromyography also allowed to demonstrate the functional development of these muscles according to the age, sex, corpulence and physical activity of the subjects studied. PMID- 6238611 TI - Conditions for effective Nd-YAG laser angioplasty. AB - To establish the optimal conditions for recanalisation of obstructed arteries without damage to vessel walls, a Nd-YAG laser coupled to a 0.2 mm diameter optic fibre was used on obstructed human cadaver coronary and peripheral arteries and on popliteal arteries in amputated limbs. Vaporization of atheromatous plaques was consistently obtained with an energy of 360-600 J and a diluted blood perfusate (3 g/100 ml haemoglobin) at a rate of 20 ml/min. The arterial wall was protected from thermal injury by inserting the optic fibre into an inflated balloon catheter and by cooling the system with the perfusate. Since recanalisation of occluded arteries was consistently obtained without damage to the arterial wall or debris and thin and flexible optic fibres were easy to guide in the arteries, percutaneous transluminal Nd-YAG laser angioplasty was used in obstructed femoral and popliteal arteries in three patients. The first European trials in man showed the method to be feasible, effective, and harmless, although further studies are required to improve penetration of the obstruction and increase the diameter of tunnel. PMID- 6238612 TI - Relation between electrocardiographic repolarisation changes and mechanical events in left ventricular hypertrophy. AB - The relation between ventricular function and the presence of electrocardiographic "strain" in patients with left ventricular hypertrophy was examined using digitised M mode echocardiography and 12 lead electrocardiograms in 64 patients with pressure overload, 21 with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, and 14 athletes. Although all had increased left ventricular mass, those with strain had a prolonged interval from minimum cavity dimension to mitral valve opening and a reduced rate of early diastolic posterior wall thinning and dimension increase compared with those with normal ST segments and T waves. Both groups had normal systolic function (fractional shortening and peak velocity of circumferential fibre shortening), and the time between the termination of the T wave and minimum dimension was similar. In athletes, however, electromechanical systole was shorter than normal, and the end of the T wave and minimum cavity dimension were synchronous. It is concluded that abnormal electrical recovery in left ventricular hypertrophy is closely related to impaired early relaxation and may be dissociated from impaired systolic function, cavity dimension, interventricular conduction delay, and the presence of increased mass alone. The normal relation between electrical and mechanical systole is preserved even when the polarity of repolarisation is reversed. PMID- 6238613 TI - Continuous wave Doppler velocimetry as an adjunct to cross sectional echocardiography in the diagnosis of critical left heart obstruction in neonates. AB - If cross sectional echocardiography in isolation is used to diagnose critical left ventricular outflow obstruction in neonates, false positive and false negative diagnoses may result. Continuous wave Doppler velocimetry was used to measure blood flow velocity in the ascending and descending thoracic aorta in six neonates (aged less than 6 weeks) presenting with reduced or absent peripheral pulses in order to determine the important sites of obstruction. This technique demonstrated abnormal high velocity blood flow jets (three times higher than normal) in the ascending aorta in three patients with normal descending aortic flow velocity, suggesting aortic stenosis. In the other three patients velocity in the ascending aorta was normal but high in the descending aorta, suggesting coarctation. The Doppler diagnosis was confirmed in the five patients who required surgery. Two patients had residual high velocity jets after aortic valvotomy. Both had significant pressure gradients across the aortic valve at cardiac catheterisation with good agreement between actual gradients and those predicted by the Doppler technique. Thus a combined anatomical and physiological approach using cross sectional echocardiography and continuous wave Doppler velocimetry enables accurate non-invasive definition of the site of left ventricular outflow obstruction and may obviate the need for invasive investigation in these sick neonates. PMID- 6238614 TI - Pathological findings after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. AB - Ten serial pathological cross sections at 1 mm intervals of both the left anterior descending artery at the site of a percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty and of the circumflex artery in the untreated stenotic area were studied at necropsy in a patient who died immediately after the procedure. The extent of calcification and atheroma were similar in both branches. Intimal or medial splitting, desquamation, and plaque fracture were present in the left anterior descending artery. No typical pathological findings were seen in the circumflex artery. This study suggests that the original stenotic lumen may have been enlarged as a result of plaque splitting. PMID- 6238615 TI - Distribution of histocompatibility and leucocyte differentiation antigens in normal human colon and in benign and malignant colonic neoplasms. AB - Monoclonal antibodies (McAbs) directed against the framework determinants of Class I and Class II products of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) and against leucocyte differentiation antigens were used in an indirect immunoperoxidase technique to study their expression in normal, benign (adenomatous polyps) and malignant disease of the colon. Class I products (detected by the McAb 2A1) were strongly expressed on all cell types in normal and benign tissues but some carcinomas exhibited a heterogenous pattern of epithelial cell staining and 4/15 were completely negative. Class II products (detected by TDR31.1) were strongly expressed on cells (mainly B lymphocytes) within the lamina propria. In carcinomas TDR31.1 staining was mainly interstitial, but in 2/15, DR + epithelial cells were also detected. In normal and benign tissues, leucocytes (reactive with 2D1) found predominantly in the lamina propria, comprised T cells mainly of the helper/inducer (OKT4) subset, DR + cells in approx. equivalent proportion and a few OKM1+ cells mostly of macrophage morphology. Occasional intraepithelial lymphocytes were of cytotoxic/suppressor (OKT8) phenotype. In malignant neoplasms, there was wide inter and intra-tumour variation in the proportion of leucocytes which were heterogeneous with respect to cell type and confined mainly to the stroma. T cells were consistently predominant, but B cells and macrophages were also present. Two neoplasms showed unequivocal evidence of a shift (relative to peripheral blood) in favour of the OKT8+ subset, but in the majority of tumours OKT4+; and OKT8+ cells were present in roughly similar proportions. Natural killer cells (monitored with Leu7, HNK1) were virtually undetectable in both normal and malignant tissues. There were no apparent correlations between the extent and type of leucocyte infiltration, tumour differentiation or expression of MHC products. Some implications for the extrapolation of in vitro data on leucocyte function to the in vivo situation are discussed. PMID- 6238616 TI - Response to aminoglutethimide and cortisone acetate in advanced prostatic cancer. AB - Forty patients with metastatic adenocarcinoma of the prostate were evaluated for response to treatment with aminoglutethimide plus cortisone acetate. All had relapsed from or failed to respond to primary endocrine treatment with orchidectomy or stilboestrol. Nineteen patients (48%) showed subjective response, in most cases relief of bone pain. Side effects limited treatment in only 3 patients. We conclude that aminoglutethimide plus cortisone acetate is a useful addition to the treatment available for this difficult group of patients. The mechanism by which this treatment has a beneficial effect remains unclear. PMID- 6238617 TI - Specific decrease in T3 antigen density in adult T-cell leukaemia cells: I. Flow microfluorometric analysis. PMID- 6238618 TI - Fetal cephalometry by ultrasound as a screening procedure for the prenatal detection of Down's syndrome. PMID- 6238619 TI - Comparison of structures of various human fibrinogens and a derivative thereof by a study of the kinetics of release of fibrinopeptides. AB - The kinetics of the thrombin-induced release of fibrinopeptides from several variants of human fibrinogen, and from the plasmin digestion fragment E thereof, have been studied by using an HPLC technique to separate the reaction products. The data were analyzed in terms of a Michaelis-Menten mechanism in which the A alpha and B beta chains compete for thrombin. Phosphorylation of Ser-3 of the A alpha chain appears to increase the rate of release of the corresponding phosphorylated peptide A from fibrinogen, due to enhanced binding of thrombin (lower value of the Michaelis-Menten constant KM). However, phosphorylation does not affect the rate of release of the unphosphorylated A or B peptides. Increase in the length of the gamma chain (at the C-terminus) does not affect the rate of release of any of the fibrinopeptides. The rate of release of the A peptide from fragment E (which is devoid of the B peptide) is similar to that for the complete fibrinogen molecule. These results are in agreement with an earlier conclusion [Martinelli, R. A., & Scheraga, H. A. (1980) Biochemistry 19, 2343] that the A alpha and B beta chains behave independently in their competition for thrombin; i.e., the hydrolyzable Arg-Gly bonds of the A alpha and B beta chains are both accessible to thrombin. PMID- 6238620 TI - Modulation of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-pump activity by membrane fluidity. AB - Intramolecular excimerization of 1,3-di-1-pyrenylpropane [Py(3)Py] was used to assess the fluidity of sarcoplasmic reticulum membranes (SR); on the basis of the spectral data, the probe incorporates completely inside the membrane probably somewhere close to the polar head groups of phospholipid molecules, however not in the very hydrophobic core. The excimerization rate is very sensitive to lipid phase transitions, as revealed by thermal profiles of dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine (DMPC) and dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) bilayers. Cholesterol abolishes pretransitions and broadens the thermal profiles of the main transitions which vanish completely at 50 mol % sterol. Excimer formation in liposomes of SR total lipid extracts does not show any sharp transitions, as in the case of DMPC and DPPC. However, the plots display discontinuities at about 20 degrees C which are broadened by cholesterol and not observed at 50 mol % sterol. Also cholesterol has been incorporated in native SR membranes by an exchange technique allowing progressive enrichment without changing the phospholipid/protein molar ratio. As in liposomes, discontinuities of excimer formation at 20 degrees C are broadened by cholesterol enrichment. The full activity of uncoupled Ca2+-ATPase is only affected by cholesterol above a molar ratio to phospholipid of 0.4. However, a significant decrease in activity (about 20%) is only noticed at a ratio of 0.6 (the highest technically achieved); at this ratio, about 28 lipid molecules per Ca2+-ATPase are expected to be relatively free from cholesterol interaction. The vesicle structure is still intact at this high ratio, as judged from the absence of basal activity (not Ca2+ stimulated).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6238621 TI - Sarcoplasmic reticulum adenosinetriphosphatase phosphorylation from inorganic phosphate. Theoretical and experimental reinvestigation. AB - Pi phosphorylation of sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) vesicles in the absence of Ca was reinvestigated. Theoretical analysis shows that, for various substrate concentrations, the time dependence of phosphoenzyme formation does not allow determination of an unambiguous reaction scheme or estimation of the stoichiometry of the reaction. To overcome this difficulty, we measured medium Pi oxygen exchange, [32P]-phosphoenzyme formation, and intrinsic fluorescence. We found that contrarily to the usual assumption the substrate binding step in the phosphorylation direction at pH 6.0, KCl = 0, and 23 degrees C is a slow process whose bimolecular rate constant is around 5 X 10(3) M-1 s-1 for both Mg and Pi binding. We confirm [Lacapere, J. J., Gingold, M. P., Champeil, P., & Guillain, F. (1981) J. Biol. Chem. 256, 2302-2306] that, in a second step, the establishment of a covalent bond between the bound Pi and the enzyme is formed with a rate constant greater than or equal to 20 s-1 whereas the dephosphorylation rate constant is 2-3 s-1. These results imply that under optimal conditions for phosphorylation, the enzyme is almost entirely phosphorylated at concentrations of 20 mM MgCl2 and 20 mM Pi. Study of the phosphorylation reaction under various experimental conditions shows that reduction of the phosphoenzyme level upon KCl addition is mainly due to the augmentation of the hydrolysis rate constant. In addition we propose that the strong inhibition by large amounts of MgCl2 is due to the formation of an E? . Mg complex unfit for phosphorylation by Pi.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6238622 TI - Dynamics of DNA condensation. AB - The condensation of DNA induced by spermine and spermidine is investigated by equilibrium titrations and stopped-flow and field-jump experiments using scattered light detection. The spermine concentration required for the cooperative condensation process is measured at different DNA concentrations; these data are used to evaluate both the condensation threshold degree of spermine binding and the binding constant of spermine according to an excluded site model. Stopped-flow measurements of the spermine-induced condensation demonstrate the existence of two processes: (1) A "fast" reaction is observed in the millisecond time range, when the reactant concentrations are around 1 microM; it is associated with a characteristic induction period and is assigned to the intramolecular condensation reaction. (2) A slow reaction with time constants of, e.g., 100 s strongly dependent upon both spermine and DNA concentrations is assigned to an intermolecular DNA association. The unusual time course of the intramolecular condensation reaction with the induction period provides evidence for a "threshold kinetics". During the induction period, spermine molecules are bound to DNA, but the degree of binding remains below the threshold value. As soon as the degree of ligand binding arrives at the threshold, the DNA is condensed in a relatively fast reaction. Model calculations of the spermine binding kinetics according to an excluded-site model demonstrate that the spermine molecules bound to DNA are mobile along the double helix. A comparison of the experimental data with the results of Monte Carlo simulations suggests a rate constant of approximately 200 s-1 for spermine movement by one nucleotide residue.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6238623 TI - Interaction of isozymes of myosin subfragment 1 with actin: effect of ionic strength and nucleotide. AB - Myosin subfragment 1 (S-1) can be fractionated into two isozymes, (A1)S-1 containing alkali light chain 1 and (A2)S-1 containing alkali light chain 2. The predominant difference in the behavior of the two isozymes of S-1 is that, at low ionic strength, the actin concentration required for half-maximal ATPase activity is considerably lower for (A1)S-1 than for (A2)S-1; that is, the apparent binding constant KATPase for (A1)S-1 is greater than KATPase for (A2)S-1 [Weeds, A.G., & Taylor, R.S. (1975) Nature (London) 257, 54-56]. This difference disappears at high ionic strength [Wagner, P. D., Slater, C. S., Pope, B., & Weeds, A.G. (1979) Eur. J. Biochem. 99, 385-394]. In the present study we investigated whether the difference in the KATPase values of (A1)S-1 and (A2)S-1 is due to a difference in the actual affinity of these S-1 isozymes for actin. Binding was measured in the presence of ATP and AMP-PNP and in the absence of nucleotide at varied ionic strengths. We found that at low ionic strength where KATPase is several times stronger for (A1)S-1 than for (A2)S-1, the binding of (A1)S-1 to actin is correspondingly stronger than that of (A2)S-1 irrespective of the nucleotide present. Furthermore, as the ionic strength is increased, just as the difference between the KATPase values for (A1)S-1 and (A2)S-1 disappears so too does the difference in the affinity of the two isozymes for actin.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6238624 TI - Specificity of the proton adenosinetriphosphatase of Escherichia coli for adenine, guanine, and inosine nucleotides in catalysis and binding. AB - Specificity of the Escherichia coli proton ATPase for adenine, guanine, and inosine nucleotides in catalysis and binding was studied. MgADP, CaADP, MgGDP, and MgIDP were each good substrates for oxidative phosphorylation. The corresponding triphosphates were each substrates for hydrolysis and proton pumping. At 1 mM concentration, MgATP, MgGTP, and MgITP drove proton pumping with equal efficiency. At 0.1 mM concentration, MgATP was 4-fold more efficient than MgITP or MgGTP. Nucleotide-depleted soluble F1 could rebind to F1-depleted membranes and block proton conductivity through F0; rebound nucleotide-depleted F1 catalyzed pH gradient formation with MgATP, MgGTP, or MgITP. This showed that the nonexchangeable nucleotide sites on F1 need not be occupied by adenine nucleotide for proton pumping to occur. It was further shown that no nucleotide was tightly bound in the nonexchangeable sites of F1 during proton pumping driven by MgGTP in these reconstituted membranes, whereas adenine nucleotide was tightly bound when MgATP was the substrate. Nucleotide-depleted soluble F1 bound maximally 5.9 ATP, 3.2 GTP, and 3.6 ITP of which half the ATP and almost all of the GTP and ITP exchanged over a period of 30-240 min with medium ADP or ATP. Also, half of the bound ATP exchanged with medium GTP or ITP. These data showed that inosine and guanine nucleotides do not bind to soluble F1 in nonexchangeable fashion, in contrast to adenine nucleotides. Purified alpha-subunit from F1 bound ATP at a single site but showed no binding of GTP nor ITP, supporting previous suggestions that the non-exchangeable sites in intact F1 are on alpha-subunits. PMID- 6238625 TI - Kinetics of ATP hydrolysis by F1-ATPase and the effects of anion activation, removal of tightly bound nucleotides, and partial inhibition of the ATPase by covalent modification. AB - Eadie-Hofstee plots (v/[S] vs. v) of the kinetics of ATP hydrolysis by purified bovine heart mitochondrial F1-ATPase (MF1) over a substrate (MgATP) concentration range of 1-5000 microM were curvilinear, indicating negative cooperativity with respect to [MgATP] as originally shown by Ebel & Lardy (1975) [Ebel, R. E., & Lardy, H. A. (1975) J. Biol. Chem. 250, 191-196]. The data were computer analyzed for the best fit of the least number of straight lines, each representing a different apparent Km and Vmax. The best fits for MF1 and TF1 from the thermophilic bacterium PS3 were three lines in each case. The upper limits of the apparent Km values for MF1 were of the order of 10(-6), 10(-4), and 10(-3) M, and the corresponding apparent Vmax values (per minute per milligram of protein) were in the range of micromoles or less for the lowest Km line and decamicromoles for the other two. The results for TF1 were very similar. The presence of an activating anion (10 mM KHCO3) in the MF1 assay medium increased the overall Vmax by about 50% and eliminated the high Km but had essentially no effect on the intermediate and low Km's, indicating retention of negative cooperativity in the corresponding substrate concentration range. Kinetic data for MgITP as substrate also yielded two Km values (in the absence of KHCO3) differing by about 10(4) fold. The relationship between [14C]dicyclohexylcarbodiimide [( 14C]-DCCD) binding to MF1 and activity inhibition was linear up to approximately 1 mol of DCCD bound/mol of MF1. At this point, the degree of inhibition was about 95%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6238626 TI - Changes in histone H1 content and chromatin structure of cells blocked in early S phase by 5-fluorodeoxyuridine and aphidicolin. AB - We have measured changes in histone H1 content and changes in chromatin structure of Chinese hamster (line CHO) cells blocked in early S phase by sequential use of isoleucine deprivation and blockade with 5-fluorodeoxyuridine or aphidicolin. Both the H1:core histone ratio in isolated nuclei and the H1 content of the cell are reduced 20-60%, depending on the duration of the block. The new deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) synthesized during S-phase block has a shorter nucleosome repeat length than that of bulk chromatin, but it is nearly equally resistant as bulk DNA to attack by micrococcal nuclease. During the time that H1 content is decreasing, bulk chromatin also undergoes structural changes so that its nucleosome cores appear to be more closely packed along the DNA chain. The losses in H1 content and changes in chromatin structure are similar to those reported for cells blocked in early S phase by hydroxyurea [D'Anna, J. A., & Prentice, D. A. (1983) Biochemistry 22, 5631-5640]. The results suggest that losses of H1 and changes in chromatin structure are general events which occur when the elongation of initiated replicons or the joining of intermediate-sized DNA fragments is retarded during replication. They are consistent with the notions that H1 is lost from initiated replicons and/or the loss of H1 is part of an alarm response in the cell which might facilitate events leading to gene amplification. PMID- 6238627 TI - Isoquinolinesulfonamides, novel and potent inhibitors of cyclic nucleotide dependent protein kinase and protein kinase C. AB - Naphthalenesulfonamides such as N-(6-amino-hexyl)-5-chloro-1 naphthalenesulfonamide (W-7) are potent calmodulin (CaM) antagonists and act upon several protein kinases at higher concentration. When the naphthalene ring was replaced by isoquinoline, the derivatives were no longer CaM antagonists but retained the ability to inhibit protein kinases, and some of the derivatives exhibited selective inhibition toward a certain protein kinase. cAMP-dependent, cGMP-dependent, and Ca2+-phospholipid-dependent (protein kinase C) protein kinases were inhibited significantly by addition of 10(-6) M N-[2 (methylamino)ethyl]-5-isoquinoline-sulfonamide (H-8) and 1-(5 isoquinolinylsulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine (H-7). H-8 was the most active of the inhibitors in this series and inhibited more markedly cyclic nucleotide dependent protein kinases, than other kinases, while the derivative with the sulfonylpiperazine residue (H-7) was the most potent in inhibiting protein kinase C. Apparent Ki values of H-8 were 0.48 and 1.2 microM for cGMP-dependent and cAMP dependent protein kinases, respectively, and the Ki value of H-7 for protein kinase C was 6 microM. Both the holoenzyme and the catalytic subunit (or fragment), which is active without an enzyme activator, are susceptible to these compounds with a similar concentration dependency, thereby indicating that the inhibitory effect is attributed to the direct interaction of the compound with the active center of the enzyme but not with the enzyme activator. The inhibitions were freely reversible and of the competitive type with respect to ATP and of the noncompetitive type with respect to the phosphate acceptor.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6238628 TI - Effects of magnesium chloride on smooth muscle actomyosin adenosine-5' triphosphatase activity, myosin conformation, and tension development in glycerinated smooth muscle fibers. AB - The contractile system of smooth muscle exhibits distinctive responses to varying Mg2+ concentrations in that maximum adenosine-5'-triphosphatase (ATPase) activity of actomyosin requires relatively high concentrations of Mg2+ and also that tension in skinned smooth muscle fibers can be induced in the absence of Ca2+ by high Mg2+ concentrations. We have examined the effects of MgCl2 on actomyosin ATPase activity and on tension development in skinned gizzard fibers and suggest that the MgCl2-induced changes may be correlated to shifts in myosin conformation. At low concentrations of free Mg2+ (less than or equal to 1 mM) the actin-activated ATPase activity of phosphorylated turkey gizzard myosin is reduced and is increased as the Mg2+ concentration is raised. The increase in Mg2+ (over a range of 1-10 mM added MgCl2) induces the conversion of 10S phosphorylated myosin to the 6S form, and it was found that the proportion of myosin as 10S is inversely related to the level of actin-activated ATPase activity. Activation of the actin-activated ATPase activity also occurs with dephosphorylated myosin but at higher MgCl2 concentrations, between 10 and 40 mM added MgCl2. Viscosity and fluorescence measurements indicate that increasing Mg2+ levels over this concentration range favor the formation of the 6S conformation of dephosphorylated myosin, and it is proposed that the 10S to 6S transition is a prerequisite for the observed activation of ATPase activity. With glycerinated chicken gizzard fibers high MgCl2 concentrations (6-20 mM) promote tension in the absence of Ca2+.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6238629 TI - The influence of membrane potentials on reaction rates. Control in free-energy transducing systems. AB - The influence of membrane potentials on the rates of reactions involving the translocation of charged species across the membrane has been studied. Depending on the location of the rate-limiting step relative to the potential gradient either the forward or the backward rate is most strongly influenced by the potential. The rate of a proton translocation process in general is thus not a unique function of the protonmotive force. It is essential to include an explicit potential dependence in the kinetic coefficients to obtain a realistic description of the dynamics. PMID- 6238630 TI - Function and structure of microvirid phage alpha 3 genome. II. Isolation and properties of various mutants of alpha 3. AB - Various mutants were isolated from a microvirid (isometric single-stranded DNA) phage alpha 3, by mutagenesis with hydroxylamine or nitrous acid. They were divided into eight complementation groups, and mainly by genetic crosses the gene alignment was determined as -A-B-C'-D-J'-F-G-H-. Except for groups C' and J', each defective gene product was clearly discerned in electropherograms of proteins extracted from the phage-infected suppressor-negative (Su-) Escherichia coli. Only gene A mutants abolished synthesis of the progeny replicative-form DNA (RF), whereas mutants belonging to groups B, C', D, E, F and J' affected RF replication at late stage, as well as synthesis of the single-stranded DNA (SS). Additional properties of several mutants are also discussed. PMID- 6238631 TI - Heterogeneity of heparan sulfate chains in a proteoglycan from bovine lung. AB - A heparan sulfate proteoglycan from bovine lung gas-exchange tissue was isolated by extraction of the tissue with 4.0 M guanidine HCl in the presence of multiple protein inhibitors. The proteoglycan was purified by precipitation with cetylpyridinium chloride in 0.5 M KCl followed by CsCl isopycnic centrifugation (po = 1.45) in 4.0 M guanidine/HCl. Further purification was achieved by gel filtration on Sepharose CL-2B and by chromatography in DEAE-Sepharose CL-6B column. The proteoglycan had 14.9% protein and 22.4% uronate. Heparan sulfate chains from the proteoglycan were isolated after beta-elimination. Fractionation of heparan sulfate chains was achieved on Dowex-1 Cl- column, eluting with a stepwise increase in the concentration of NaCl, 1.0 to 2.0 M with 0.2 M increments. Of the total heparan sulfate recovered from the column, about 10% eluted by 1.2 M NaCl, 68% by 1.4 M NaCl, 18% by 1.6 M NaCl and 4% by 1.8 M NaCl. The fractions varied in their total and N-sulfate ester contents and iduronic acid to glucuronic acid ratios. The fraction that eluted from the Dowex-1 Cl- column at 1.6 M NaCl had the highest molecular weight, 37000, and the fraction that eluted at 1.8 M NaCl had the lowest molecular weight, 12000, as determined by gel filtration method, and the greatest sulfate content. The core protein, obtained by digestion of proteoglycan by heparan sulfate lyase, showed mostly a single band in SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The observations indicate a heterogeneity of the composition of heparan sulfate chains in the proteoglycan. This heterogeneity likely contributes to variations in biologic properties of different heparan sulfate proteoglycan preparations. PMID- 6238632 TI - D2 dopamine receptor density in rat striatum over 24 hours: lack of detectable changes. PMID- 6238633 TI - Dynamic light-scattering studies on thermal motions of native DNAs in solution. AB - The basic character of dynamic light-scattering properties of native DNA was investigated on two DNA samples. The degree of non-single exponentiality of photocount correlation functions, C(t), and its dependence on K are quantitatively characterized by two methods. The spectral linewidth, Ts, determined from C(t) exhibits a K dependence near to but significantly different from the prediction for Rouse-Zimm (RZ) chains by Dubois-Violette and De Gennes: It is inferred from data on lambda-DNA that the exponent in the K dependence of the spectral linewidth for native DNA takes a value larger than 3 in the K region corresponding to the 'K3' region for RZ chains. These results are in good agreement with the prediction from the dynamic theory of semiflexible chains presented by one of us (K.S.). The apparent diffusion coefficients are fairly insensitive to DNA concentration and ionic strength at large K. On the other hand, it is indicated that the stiffness of native DNA may vary with temperature even in a temperature range substantially lower than that of melting. PMID- 6238634 TI - Zinc and immunity. AB - The ubiquitous trace metal zinc has been discovered since a long time as an intrinsic element in all biological systems. However, its role other than structural or catalytic in enzymes is poorly defined. Zinc plays a determinative role both in primary and secondary T lymphocyte production. Experimental data support the notion that during intrathymic maturation, non-autoreactive, immunocompetent T cell clones are selected from the excess of immature thymocytes as a result of expansion of bone marrow derived prothymocytes in response to pleiotropically acting alarmon (s) and a subsequent escape via the thymic stroma cells from nucleotide-mediated "biochemical suicide". The activity of alarmon (Ap4A), nucleotide metabolizing enzymes (TdT, DNA polymerase, thymidine kinase, 5'-nucleotidase) and some of the soluble stromal cell products (FTS) require constitutive zinc. In the peripheral lymphoid organs the magnitude and duration of antigen induced, T cell mediated immunoreactions are regulated by T-cell growth factor (IL-2). Using receptor specific monoclonal antibody probes, it has been established recently that the intracellular role of IL-2 is probably to induce the phenotypic expression of high affinity transferrin receptors, known to be the main zinc transporter system in T-lymphocytes. The coordinative role of zinc in T lymphocyte development via the inducible metallothionein system is emphasized. Some clinical aspects of zinc metabolism are discussed. PMID- 6238635 TI - [Heat denaturation of opsin in warm-blooded animals as a possible mechanism of light-induced retinal damage]. AB - The rate of thermal denaturation of bovine and rat opsin in the photoreceptor membranes was studied within a wide temperature range (between 37 and 70 degrees C). It was found that the rate of thermal denaturation of opsin at a physiological temperature (37 degrees C) might be commensurable or even exceed the known rate of rhodopsin renewal produced by photoreceptor disk formation and shedding. Lipid peroxidation caused an increase in the rate of opsin denaturation at a physiological temperature. It is assumed that accumulation of denatured opsin in the photoreceptor membranes during raised illumination together with lipid peroxidation induction may be one of the mechanisms leading to vision deterioration under raised illumination. PMID- 6238636 TI - [Changes in cholino- and adrenoceptors as affected by blood proteolytic enzymes]. AB - The effects of kallikrein, thrombin, and plasmin on interaction of acetylcholine and noradrenaline with receptors of the isolated portal vein of guinea-pigs were studied. The functional activity of receptors was studied by the pharmacokinetic method. It was found that kallikrein and thrombin do not disturb the kinetics of agonist interaction with receptors, whereas the magnitude of isometric vascular contractions dramatically decreased after plasmin treatment and becomes disproportionate to the concentration of neurotransmitters. Exposure of the portal vein to kallikrein or thrombin caused different changes in the sensitivity and quantity of active cholino- and adrenoreceptors. These proteolytic enzymes reduced the sensitivity of receptors to noradrenaline and increased it to acetylcholine. Exposure to kallikrein brought about a decrease in the quantity of active cholinoreceptors and a rise in the number of adrenoreceptors. The treatment of the vessels with thrombin resulted in a decrease in the number of active adrenoreceptors. The number of active cholinoreceptors remained unchanged. PMID- 6238638 TI - [Action of epidermal chalone on the vaginal epithelial cell proliferation in ovariectomized mice stimulated by 17 beta-estradiol]. AB - It has been shown that the DNA synthesis inhibitory effect of chalone on the vaginal epithelium of ovariectomized mice administered epidermal chalone three times (8, 4 and 1 h before 17-beta-estradiol injection) is dependent on chalone injection made 1 h before hormone injection. The decrease in the number of DNA synthesizing cells induced by 3-fold injection of chalone during 2 days is linked with the reduction in the level of exogenous estrogen in ovariectomized mice rather than with the duration of epidermal chalone action. PMID- 6238639 TI - [Disordered meiosis in sterile male mice in a Lati:CFLP colony]. AB - The incidence rate of sterile male mice in a Lati:CFLP colony was studied. It was established to amount to 0.33 +/- 011%. Part of sterile males (about 64%) had reduced weight testicles. Cytological analysis revealed spermatogenesis blockade because of spermatocyte death in the late prophase and metaphase I meiosis in these animals. It is concluded that in the mouse colony under study, genetic factor (chromosome rearrangement or gene mutation) is maintained, which determines meiosis blockade in male mice-bearers of this factor. PMID- 6238637 TI - [Action of hepatic chalones on the proliferation of hepatocytes from intact and denervated livers]. AB - The paper is concerned with the action of chalones, tissue-specific inhibitors of cell proliferation, on DNA synthesis and mitotic activity of hepatocytes in the intact and denervated liver during regeneration. Experiments were made on Wistar rats. Liver denervation was performed by bilateral subdiaphragmal vagotomy. In control and vagotomized animals, two thirds of the liver was resected. The data obtained indicate that chalones noticeably reduce the number of DNA-synthesizing cells and mitoses in the regenerating liver of intact animals. During regeneration of the denervated liver, chalones do not produce any inhibitory action on the intensity of proliferation. Analysis of the data obtained allows a conclusion that preservation of adequate innervation of the organ is needed for realization of the action of hepatic chalones. PMID- 6238640 TI - T gamma-lymphoproliferative disease and related disorders in humans and experimental animals: a review of the clinical, cellular, and functional characteristics. AB - T gamma lymphocytes are those lymphocytes that express receptors for both the Fc portion of IgG and sheep erythrocytes. A very high proportion of normal T gamma lymphocytes are large granular lymphocytes (LGL), the cell responsible for most, if not all, natural killer (NK) and antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) in humans, rats, and mice. In general, these cells are large lymphocytes with prominent azurophilic granules in the cytoplasm. Recently, a group of lymphoproliferative disorders made up predominantly of T gamma lymphocytes has been described. The most common and best studied of these disorders we refer to as "chronic T gamma-lymphoproliferative disease" (T gamma-LPD). In most cases, this disease represents the abnormal expansion of LGL, which is reflected by an increase in functionally active NK or ADCC effector cells. The chronic T gamma LPD lymphocytes are generally characterized as E- and EA-rosette positive, acid phosphatase, and beta-glucuronidase positive and express the pan-T antigens OKT3/Leu-4, OKT11/Leu-5, the suppressor-associated antigens OKT5,8/Leu-2, and the NK-associated antigens Leu-7/HNK-1. Typically, the patients are older, predominantly males and characteristically have a lymphocytosis of predominantly T gamma lymphocytes with lymphocyte infiltration of the bone marrow and often the spleen. While chronic T gamma-LPD is not usually an aggressive disease, the patients are often neutropenic and have recurrent bacterial infections requiring antibiotic therapy. Some patients have benefited from cytotoxic chemotherapy., but most patients have not required chemotherapy. An experimental LGL leukemia in F344 rats appears morphologically, functionally, and clinically similar to the human chronic T gamma-LPD and serves as an experimental model for further examining the ontogeny and function of LGL and may be applicable for exploring new and more effective means for the treatment of patients with chronic T gamma LPD. PMID- 6238641 TI - Identification of platelet proteins that bind alloantibodies and autoantibodies. AB - We have used the techniques of radioimmunoprecipitation (RIP) and Western blot to identify the membrane proteins that bind certain alloantibodies. Anti-PlA1 sera precipitated two bands, corresponding to platelet glycoproteins IIb and III, whether or not calcium was present during the procedure. By Western blot, this antibody bound only glycoprotein III. Anti-PlA1 serum does not precipitate proteins from the platelets of a patient with Glanzmann's thrombasthenia. Two monoclonal antibodies reacting with lymphocyte HLA antigens, as well as sera from highly allosensitized patients, precipitated bands of 38,500 and 13,500 daltons. These bands correspond to the molecular weights of the two subunits of the HLA antigen, as it has been described for other cell types. The patients' sera also precipitated a protein of 72,000 daltons from some platelets. The sera of two patients with quinidine-induced thrombocytopenia precipitated a 138,000-dalton band (glycoprotein Ib-alpha) in the presence of quinidine. The purified IgG antibody from one patient did not require other plasma factors to bind to platelets in the presence of quinidine, while purified antibody from a second patient required plasma factors other than, or in addition to von Willebrand factor. Although several sera from patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) were tested, only one precipitated membrane proteins by the RIP method; this serum identified binding proteins corresponding to glycoproteins IIb and III. PMID- 6238642 TI - Plasma protein S deficiency in familial thrombotic disease. AB - A family with a history of severe recurrent venous thromboembolic disease was studied to determine if a plasma protein deficiency could account for observed disease. Protein S levels in plasma were determined immunologically using the Laurell rocket technique. The propositus, his mother, his aunt, and his cousin who were clinically affected had 17% to 65% of the control levels of protein S antigen (normal range, 71% to 147%). Since three of these patients were receiving oral anticoagulant therapy, the ratios of protein S to prothrombin, factor X, and protein C in these patients were compared with values for a group of orally anticoagulated controls. These results suggested that protein S is half-normal in all family members with thrombotic disease. Other proteins known to be associated with familial thrombotic disease, including antithrombin III, plasminogen, fibrinogen, and protein C, were normal. Because plasma protein S serves as a cofactor for the anticoagulant activity of activated protein C and because protein C deficiency is associated with recurrent thrombotic disease, it is suggested that recurrent thrombotic disease in this family is the result of an inherited deficiency of protein S. PMID- 6238643 TI - Lymphocyte subsets in renal carcinoma--a sequential study using monoclonal antibodies. AB - Using monoclonal antibodies in conjunction with flow cytometry, circulating lymphocyte subsets with distinct functions in the regulation of the immune response were enumerated in 32 patients with proven renal carcinoma. Analyses were performed at presentation and sequentially during the clinical course of the patients. Untreated patients with advanced disease had a deficit of T cells with the "helper/inducer" phenotype (Leu-3a+) and this resulted in abnormal T "helper/suppressor" (Leu-3a+/Leu-2a+) ratios. Following nephrectomy, performed in 26 patients, there was a significant increase in the number of T cells with the "helper/inducer" phenotype and a significant increase in T "H/S" ratios. Subsequent follow-up at a minimum of 2 months after nephrectomy showed that the increase in T cells with the "helper/inducer" phenotype was maintained (with the exception of 6 patients with disease progression) and was then accompanied by a significant increase of the T cell subset with the "suppressor/cytotoxic" phenotype (Leu-2a+). Pre-operative renal arterial embolisation resulted in an early transient lymphopenia. The response to embolisation combined with nephrectomy was little different when compared with nephrectomy alone. These observations represent a novel view of the immunosuppressive effects of renal carcinoma and their relation to anaemia and disease progression are discussed. PMID- 6238644 TI - Prognostic factors and in vitro cytotoxic sensitivity in colorectal cancer. AB - The poor response rates to chemotherapy for colorectal cancer justify attempts to rationalize selection of patients for treatment, and the development of systems to evaluate new cytotoxic agents. Refinement of prognostic indices may identify colorectal cancer patients at a higher risk of recurrence who merit more aggressive treatment. We report our experience with the stem cell assay and pulse thymidine labelling in 43 primary colorectal cancers. Thirty-six tumours were evaluable, and clonogenic growth was obtained in 30 (83 per cent). In 24 tumours (67 per cent) growth was adequate for meaningful interpretation of a cytotoxic drug assay. Frequency of growth and colony forming efficiency did not correlate with histopathological grade, Dukes' stage or tumour cell kinetic indices. Thymidine labelling indices correlated with Dukes' stage (A and B versus C and D, P less than 0.01, Mann-Whitney U test). Cytotoxic assays with 5-fluorouracil and 5'-deoxy-5-fluorouridine were undertaken in 18 cases (14 primary carcinomas, 4 malignant ascites), of which 14 were evaluable and 3/14 (21.5 per cent) were chemosensitive in vitro. Both drugs were equally effective in vitro at clinically attainable plasma concentrations. This is in accordance with the response rates observed clinically with 5-FU chemotherapy in colorectal cancer. PMID- 6238646 TI - Pure red cell aplasia and thymoma associated with high levels of the suppressor/cytotoxic T lymphocyte subset. AB - A 64 year old man admitted to hospital with increasing effort dyspnoea and lethargy was found to have a thymoma and pure red cell aplasia. Lymphocytes accounted for 20-30% of marrow cells, and numbers of T8 suppressor/cytotoxic cells in peripheral blood were greatly increased. He remained anaemic after removal of the thymoma despite blood transfusions, and immunosuppression with prednisolone 60 mg and cyclophosphamide 50 mg daily was started. The dose of prednisolone was reduced to 15 mg owing to steroid myopathy and the risk of opportunistic infection. He went into remission, and the dose was further decreased to 10 mg daily. PMID- 6238645 TI - Court come true--for better or for worse? PMID- 6238647 TI - Spectinomycin as initial treatment for gonorrhea. PMID- 6238648 TI - L-pyroglutamate: an alternate neurotoxin for a rodent model of Huntington's disease. AB - Intrastriatal injections of L-Pyroglutamate (L-PGA) in mice produced behavioral and neuropathological effects that resemble in part the kainate-injected rat striatal model of Huntington's Disease (HD). The behavioral responses induced after unilateral injections of L-PGA included circling, postural asymmetry of head and trunk and possible dyskinesias. The neuropil in the injected striatum contained dilated profiles, degenerating neurons and oligodendroglia, and numerous phagocytic microglial-like cells. A dose response relation existed. The size of the lesion (expressed as a percent volume of the striatum destroyed) ranged from 1 +/- 0.18% at 0.02 mumoles to 20.2 +/- 3.97% at 200 mumoles L-PGA (pH = 7.3). L-PGA is a weak neurotoxin when compared to kainic acid. Several factors raise interest in the possible role of L-PGA in HD, including the recently reported elevated plasma levels of L-PGA in some HD patients, and these considered in the discussion. PMID- 6238651 TI - [Constitutional thrombopathies]. PMID- 6238649 TI - [Results of a 2-year double-blind study on the intramuscular administration of Arteparon in patients with coxarthrosis]. PMID- 6238650 TI - Genetic and technical aspects of the HLA system and its possible role in human malignancy. PMID- 6238653 TI - [Effect of imidazole on the trabecular bone volume of rats with calcium deficiency]. AB - Low-calcium diet induces bone rarefaction in young rats by decreasing trabecular bone volume without any mineralization's defect. Given alone, calcium or imidazol increases, significantly but incompletely, trabecular bone volume. Given together, calcium and imidazol increase trabecular bone volume as well as normal diet does. These results indicate that imidazol acts likely by activating metabolic effects of calcium. PMID- 6238652 TI - [Interaction : detergents-enzymes]. AB - The study on the action of eight synthetic detergents of various types of well defined structure and properties (neutral, anionic, cationic) has been realized on fourteen highly purified enzymes of animal or vegetal origin of great metabolic importance, on these of homogenates of intestine or liver of normal rats and of rats fed during a relatively long period with food containing synthetic detergents. The action of all studied detergents on highly purified enzymes has been characterized as this of specific effectors, producing a reversible denaturation of enzymatic proteins to whom they combine. Ingestion of detergents by rats leads, probably by the same mechanism, to a diminution in vivo of the activity of some intestinal and hepatic enzymes. PMID- 6238654 TI - [Reversibility of the effects of general anesthetics on Schistosoma mansoni]. AB - In order to verify whether the migration of Schistosoma mansoni from mesenteric vessels towards the liver under the action of general anesthetics (althesin, ether, enflurane, halothane, propanidid and thiopental sodium) is reversible, 65 mice were submitted to an anaesthetic and then perfused after dissection 24 hours later. The Schistosoma counts from porto-mesenteric vessels of the mice from control groups (60 mice) were compared with those of the mice under experiment. The counts from the hepatic area of the groups were also compared. No significant difference in the counts in the mice under experiment and those of control groups was noted. PMID- 6238655 TI - [Activity of dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra: a functional significance?]. AB - In this study, neuronal activity of dopamine (DA) containing neurons located in pars compacta of the substantia nigra is analysed by the use of the time interval histograms and autocorrelograms. These cells display a regular and rhythmic firing pattern which may possibly subserve the striatal regular spontaneous release of DA, and, then exert an homeostatic function within this part of the extrapyramidal system. PMID- 6238657 TI - [Importance of the cholinergic nervous system in the postprandial secretion of insulin in dogs]. AB - This work was designed to study the evolution of blood glucose and plasma insulin after food intake. The experiments were performed on normal conscious dogs. Blood was sampled from the jugular vein. The animals had a meal consisting of meat (30 g/kg) or received a nutrient undergoing direct resorption, glucose (1 g/kg). 10 minutes before the intake of meal or glucose, some animals received an i.v. injection of atropine (0.2 mg/kg). The ingestion of meat did not change blood glucose level, but induced a biphasic increase in insulin secretion, the second phase persisted at least for 240 minutes. The previous injection of atropine totally suppressed the increase in insulinemia. The oral intake of glucose induced hyperglycemia and a biphasic increase in insulinemia. The injection of atropine suppressed the first phase of hyperinsulinemia; then the increase of insulinemia evolved in parallel to hyperglycemia. These results, observed in the dog, underline the importance of the cholinergic nervous system not only during the early phase of insulin secretion (cephalic phase), but also during a prolonged post-prandial period. PMID- 6238656 TI - [Activity of dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra following lesions of the neostriatum by kainic acid]. AB - Neostriatal lesions by kainic acid provide a good model for studying Huntington's chorea. The pattern of discharge of nigral dopaminergic neurons of rats subjected to a kainate lesions of the caudate nucleus was compared to the nigral activity in control (saline-injected) and normal rats. The observed changes suggest that neostriatal degeneration does not simply induce a nigral dopaminergic hyperactivity but rather a disorganization of their slow and rhythmic pattern of discharge, thus eliciting in the nigral neurons abnormal messages which may reach the motoneurons and participate in the genesis of choreic movements. PMID- 6238658 TI - [Trial of purifying tumor degenerating factor of human fibroblasts]. AB - Tumor-degenerating factor (TDF) with the specific activity of 2.9 units/mg of protein was produced and purified by several chromatographies. The specific activity was increased to 302 units/mg of protein by DEAE-Sephadex A-50 chromatography, repeated twice. Then, this preparation was purified to the specific activity of 2,040 units/mg of protein with recovery rate of 16.6% by Con A-Sepharose and CM-Sephadex C-50 chromatographies. Finally, the specific activity was increased to 9,010 units/mg of protein with the final recovery rate of 14.6% by Blue Sepharose CL-6B chromatography. PMID- 6238659 TI - [Inhibition of the activity of tumor degenerating factor by fibronectin]. AB - Human tumor degenerating factor (TDF) activity was inhibited by the addition of more than 8 micrograms/ml of fibronectin. The crude TDF preparation also inhibited the activity of TDF. The inhibitor of TDF activity was isolated from the crude TDF preparation by gelatin-Sepharose chromatography. Furthermore, this inhibitor was isolated from the fetal bovine serum (FBS), which is used for the production of TDF, by the same chromatography. Since the inhibitors from TDF preparation and the FBS showed the cross reaction with fibronectin by micro Ouchterlony using anti-fibronectin serum, it was suggested that a part of the inhibitors was identical to fibronectin. PMID- 6238661 TI - A two-dimensional immunoelectrophoretic analysis of the heat-shock response exhibited by Neurospora crassa cells. AB - The heat-shock (HS) response of Neurospora crassa was studied by two-dimensional (2-D) immunoelectrophoresis, in conjunction with in vivo labelling of proteins with [35S]methionine. Antisera against extracts of normally grown and shocked cells were tested with both extracts as antigens. The resolution of normal cell proteins by interaction with homologous antisera yielded at least 35 immunoprecipitates. Using antisera to shocked cells with normal and shocked cell extracts resolved four heat-shock proteins (nhsps): new polypeptides synthesized upon HS and those with an enhanced production. Extracts of partially recovered cells showed proteins typical of normal cells, as well as those specific to the shocked state. Immunogenicity of some proteins appeared altered after heat shock. Following adsorption of HS cell extracts by normal antisera, three unique proteins were recognized in shocked cell extracts, along with a fourth displaying a markedly enhanced level. Stained bands corresponding to two abundant hsps (relative mass 68 000 and 81 000 daltons; referred to as nhsp 70 and nhsp 80) were excised from slab gels and the eluted proteins were employed as immunogens in rabbits. The resulting antibodies were used to identify corresponding proteins in autoradiographs of 2-D immunoelectrophoretograms. PMID- 6238660 TI - The wide-range ejector flowmeter: calibrated gas evacuation comprising both high and low gas flows. AB - The wide-range ejector flowmeter is an active scavenging system applying calibrated gas removal directly to the anaesthetic circuit. The evacuation rate can be adjusted on the flowmeter under visual control using the calibration scale ranging from 200 ml X min-1 to 151 X min-1. The accuracy of the calibration was tested on three ejector flowmeters at 12 different presettings. The percentage deviation from presetting varied from + 18 to - 19.4 per cent. The ejector flowmeter enables the provision of consistent and accurately calibrated extraction of waste gases and is applicable within a wide range of fresh gas flows. PMID- 6238662 TI - Factors distinguishing couples at risk for nondisjunction. AB - Micronucleus frequencies were determined on 24 young parents of trisomic infants, 21 individuals with recurrent unexplained abortions, and 42 control individuals with proven reproductive success. In addition to measurements of spontaneous micronucleus frequencies, mitomycin C induced frequencies were determined at two doses (2.5 and 5.0 ng/mL). Using the 95% confidence limits established from control data as an arbitrary upper limit, 16 of 24 parents of trisomics and 5 of 21 recurrent aborters were detected by the micronucleus assay to above this cutoff. The effects of sex, age, pregnancy status, and a variety of environmental exposures were studied by comparing the micronucleus frequencies of the exposed and unexposed populations. The data suggested that vitamins were associated with a lower micronucleus frequency and tea drinking with an increased micronucleus frequency in parents of trisomics, an effect not seen in controls. These results suggest that a biologic basis for nondisjunction may be associated with elevation in spontaneous and induced micronuclei. In addition, tea and vitamins may modulate micronucleus frequencies in parents of trisomics who appear to be more sensitive to these influences than the controls. PMID- 6238663 TI - Cardiovascular effects of atrial extracts in anesthetized rats. AB - Tissue extracts derived from atria or ventricles of Sprague-Dawley rats were injected into Inactin-anesthetized assay rats. Compared with ventricular extracts, atrial extracts produced a 20 mmHg (1 mmHg = 133.322 Pa) fall in mean arterial blood pressure. This fall resulted from failure to increase cardiac output in compensation for peripheral vasodilation. Two factors were responsible: depression of heart rate (by 25 beats/min) and failure to increase cardiac performance. The time patterns and magnitudes of changes in cardiovascular parameters after cardiac extracts were not changed by prior atropinization. However, assay rats that were vagotomized showed no cardiac slowing after atrial extract and showed a significantly smaller decrease in mean arterial blood pressure than did sham-vagotomized or intact rats. Another group of assay rats was vagotomized as well as carotid-sinus-denervated before extract injection. In these rats the degree of hypotension caused by atrial extract was significantly greater than that observed after vagotomy alone and was not significantly different from that observed in rats with intact innervation. The results suggest that the hypotension that is caused by atrial extract, but not by ventricular extracts, results in part from the reflex effects of direct stimulation of chemosensitive cardiopulmonary receptors with vagal afferents and partly from the reflex effects of baroreceptor unloading. Ventricular extract had no hypotensive effect in any group of assay rats. PMID- 6238664 TI - Progress and problems in understanding the involvement of calcium in heart function. AB - In this article we have briefly reviewed the role of Ca2+ in the excitation contraction coupling in the myocardium and have indicated that cardiac contraction and relaxation are initiated upon raising and lowering the intracellular concentration of free Ca2+, respectively. Different mechanisms for the entry of Ca2+ through sarcolemma as well as release of Ca2+ from sarcoplasmic reticulum and possibly mitochondria have been outlined for initiating cardiac contraction. Relaxation of the cardiac muscle appears to be intimately dependent upon efflux of Ca2+ through sarcolemma as well as sequestration of Ca2+ by the intracellular storage sites, particularly sarcoplasmic reticulum and possibly mitochondria. The actions of some pharmacological and pathophysiological interventions have been explained on the basis of changes in subcellular Ca2+ movements in myocardium. Quinidine, which produced an initial positive inotropic action on rat heart was also found to increase sarcolemmal Ca2+-ATPase activity without any changes in the Na+-K+ ATPase. Other antiarrhythmic agents, procainamide and lidocaine, also increased sarcolemmal Ca2+-ATPase activity without affecting the Na+-K+ ATPase. On the other hand, both Ca2+-ATPase and Na+ K+ ATPase activities were increased in heart sarcolemma obtained from cardiomyopathic hamsters. In this model the increased Ca2+-ATPase activity may promote the occurrence of intracellular Ca2+ overload in the cardiac cell whereas the increased Na+-K+ ATPase activity may increase Ca2+ efflux through Na+-Ca2+ exchange systems as an adaptive mechanism. It has been suggested that some caution should be exercised while interpreting the data from in vitro experiments in terms of functional changes in the myocardium. Furthermore, it has been proposed that the pathophysiology and pharmacology of Ca2+ movements at different membrane sites be understood fully in normal and diseased myocardium in order to improve the therapy of heart disease. PMID- 6238665 TI - Occurrence of intramitochondrial Ca2+ granules in a hypertrophied heart exposed to adriamycin. AB - Left ventricular hypertrophy was produced in rabbits by narrowing the abdominal aorta in the subdiaphragmatic region. Six weeks after the surgery, sham control as well as hypertrophied animals were treated with adriamycin. Myocardial cell damage resulting from a total cumulative dose of 5 mg/kg of adriamycin was seen only in hypertrophied hearts. Alterations in muscle cells of these hearts included prominent "contraction bands" and perinuclear edema. Mitochondria were characterized by swelling and accumulation of electron-opaque granules. Energy dispersive x-ray analysis of the mitochondria revealed the presence of calcium in these granules. The study confirms that the hypertrophied heart is more vulnerable to adriamycin-induced cell damage and this may be due to an increased susceptibility of these hearts to the occurrence of Ca2+ overload in the cell. PMID- 6238666 TI - Siderophore production by Proteus mirabilis. AB - Studies on the isolation and characterization of Proteus mirabilis siderophores provided no evidence that these bacteria synthesize catechol- or hydroxamate-type siderophores. However, gas chromatograph analysis in conjunction with mass spectroscopy revealed the presence of alpha-hydroxyisovaleric acid, a previously unknown metabolite. Additional substantiating evidence for the presence of alpha hydroxyisovaleric acid in these bacteria was obtained from experiments involving the use of thin-layer chromatography and an ultraviolet absorption spectrum. This compound was found to be capable of removing iron from the synthetic chelator, ethylene-diamine-di-orthohydroxyphenyl acetic acid, and supplying that iron to the bacteria both in a solid agar medium and in a liquid medium. Proteus mirabilis was found to possess an enzyme capable of catalyzing the reaction by which alpha-hydroxyisovaleric acid is converted to alpha-ketoisovaleric acid, an intermediate in the valine biosynthetic pathway. PMID- 6238667 TI - Operative myocardial protection. PMID- 6238668 TI - No crossover of hypersensitivity between zimelidine and fluoxetine. PMID- 6238670 TI - The abdominoinguinal incision in limb salvage and resection of pelvic tumors. AB - The abdominoinguinal incision is a new method for exposure and resection of tumors in the pelvis with lateral fixation that were previously called unresectable or were treated with hemipelvectomy. This procedure has been used in 22 patients referred from other centers following unsuccessful resection attempts. Twelve patients had been proposed for hemipelvectomy. The abdominoinguinal approach has a limb-salvaging function and is bound to increase the rate of resectability of tumors in this area. PMID- 6238669 TI - [Evaluation of dermatologic impairment in occupational health]. AB - This paper presents a simple method for evaluating the extent of impairment in occupational dermatosis based on the portion (P) of the anatomic area involved (A) and the coefficient of physiologic disturbance (C). A percentage value is assigned to each anatomic area on the basis of its functional importance. The coefficient of physiologic disturbance is the average of four factors (stiffness, dehydration, thickening, and pruritus or pain). The formula (P X A). C gives the final percentage of impairment. PMID- 6238671 TI - Deficient helper cell function as a cause of diminished pokeweed mitogen blastogenic responses in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. AB - An investigation has been made of immunoregulatory T-cell function in the non Hodgkin's lymphomas by comparing immunoregulation of healthy control and patient peripheral blood lymphocyte blastogenic responses to pokeweed mitogen. Normal mononuclear leukocytes (MNL) had significantly higher responses than patient MNL. MNL were subsequently separated into T- and non-T-cell fractions by differential E-rosette sedimentation for co-culture experiments. When normal non-T-cells and autologous irradiated T-cells were recombined, the mitogenic response again exceeded the response of patient non-T-cells recombined with their own irradiated T-cells. However, when normal non-T-cells were co-cultured with patient irradiated T-cells, the mitogenic response was diminished. Moreover, when patient non-T-cells were co-cultured with normal irradiated T-cells, a normal proliferative response occurred. These differences in non-T-cell response are not simply a result of allogeneic effects, since normal non-T-cell responses were the same regardless of whether autologous or normal allogeneic irradiated T-cells were used as helpers. Furthermore, co-culture of normal non-T-cells simultaneously with autologous irradiated T-cells and patient irradiated T-cells revealed no diminution of blastogenic response compared with co-cultures of normal non-T-plus autologous irradiated T only, suggesting no net suppression by patient irradiated T-cells. Studies with monoclonal antibodies revealed that patient T-cells had normal to increased ratios of OK-T4+:OK-T8+ cells. These results suggest that peripheral blood T-cells from patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, despite the presence of a normal to increased ratio of OK-T4+:OK-T8+ cells, are functionally deficient in their helper capacity for non-T-cell blastogenic response to pokeweed mitogen. Abnormal helper T-cell function may explain some of the immune deficits in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and may be important in the pathogenesis of these diseases. PMID- 6238672 TI - Hepatic toxicity of low doses of mithramycin in hypercalcemia. AB - The medical records of patients receiving mithramycin for the treatment of hypercalcemia at The Johns Hopkins Oncology Center were reviewed. Of 67 evaluable patients, 11 (16%) developed hepatic toxicity when graded using standard criteria. The pattern of laboratory abnormalities noted suggested mild hepatocellular damage that was reversible within 2 weeks. Review of these patients did not identify factors which predispose to hepatic toxicity, although failure to do so may reflect the limited number of toxic patients evaluated. Mild, reversible hepatic dysfunction appears to be a more common sequela of mithramycin administration than has previously been recognized. PMID- 6238673 TI - Phase II evaluation of chlorozotocin in refractory multiple myeloma. PMID- 6238674 TI - Krestin (PSK). AB - A polysaccharide preparation isolated from Coriolus versicolor (Fr.) Quel. of Basidiomycetes (PSK) predominantly consists of glucan and approximately 25% tightly bound protein. PSK was effective against various allogeneic and syngeneic animal tumors and has been given orally to cancer patients. Various suppressed or enhanced immune responses of tumor-bearing animals were restored to normal levels by the administration of PSK in the tumor models tested. The killer T cell activity was augmented in tumor-bearing mice by intraperitoneal or oral administration of PSK, and there was correlation between the PSK associated antitumor effect and the killer T cell activity. It was found that PSK competed with immunosuppressive substances isolated from tumor-bearing mice and that the intestinal immune system appeared to be modulated by oral administration of PSK. After oral administration of 14C- or 35S-labeled PSK to normal rats, it was found that small or large molecular substances appeared in the serum depending on the time elapsed after administration, an indication that large molecular size products were from the digestive tract. PMID- 6238675 TI - Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty in diabetic patients: an effective treatment modality. AB - Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) was performed for nonhealing ulcers, severe claudication, or rest pain in 10 patients with diabetes mellitus. Twenty two atherosclerotic lesions were dilated in 15 extremities, including 16 iliofemoral arteries and 6 superficial femoral arteries. The procedure was technically successful in all patients and 8 of 9 (89%) with clinical follow-up showed improvement clinically after the procedure. Diabetes is not a contraindication to PTA; rather this modality can be used effectively to control and treat peripheral vascular insufficiency in diabetic patients. PMID- 6238676 TI - The patterns of expression of two ankyrin isoforms demonstrate distinct steps in the assembly of the membrane skeleton in neuronal morphogenesis. AB - We have identified in chicken neurons two membrane-bound isoforms of goblin (ankyrin), the specific membrane attachment protein for spectrin in avian erythrocytes, which exhibit distinct patterns of expression and assembly during neuronal morphogenesis. Early in cerebellar and retinal development, neither goblin isoform is detected in mitotic cells. Subsequently, beta-goblin (Mr 237,000) is expressed in postmitotic cells, and gradually accumulates with alpha gamma (brain) spectrin on the neuronal plasma membrane during the phase of cell growth. At the onset of synaptogenesis and the cessation of cell growth, their levels of synthesis decline sharply while the assembled proteins remain as stable membrane components. Concomitantly, there is a dramatic induction in the accumulation of alpha-goblin (erythroid goblin; Mr 260,000) and alpha beta (erythroid) spectrin, whose assembly is limited to the plasma membrane of perikarya and dendrites. PMID- 6238677 TI - [Strategy of immunization against rubella]. PMID- 6238678 TI - [Comparison of methods for establishing a sufficiently anaerobic environment for the growth of common anaerobes of medical importance]. PMID- 6238680 TI - [Comparison of the antibacterial activity of 3d generation cephalosporin antibiotics in vitro]. PMID- 6238679 TI - [Tetanus in vaccinated individuals]. PMID- 6238681 TI - [Determination of the hemolytic activity of complement on microtitration plates by the classical and alternative pathway]. PMID- 6238682 TI - [Isolation of Clostridium difficile from anaerobic myonecrosis of the upper extremity]. PMID- 6238683 TI - [How precisely do we dilute sera in serological reactions?]. PMID- 6238684 TI - [Semiquantitative determination of peracetic acid in Persteril solutions in field practice]. PMID- 6238685 TI - [An epidemic of diarrhea caused by enteroinvasive serotypes of Escherichia coli 028 ac (Ca 792)]. PMID- 6238686 TI - [Transabdominal aspiration of follicles using ultrasonically controlled puncture- a new method of obtaining human oocytes]. PMID- 6238687 TI - Mitochondrial bioenergetics during exposure of rats to perfluidone, a fluorinated arylalkylsulphonamide. AB - Apart from the symptoms of poisoning which the fluorinated arylalkylsulphonamides share with the classical protonphore and uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation, carbonylcyanide p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone (FCCP), the direct correlation between the lipophilic weak acid properties of these chemicals and their biological activity suggests that permeation of the inner mitochondrial membrane could be the initial step in the molecular mechanism of their biological activity. Mitochondria isolated from the livers of rats intraperitoneally exposed to varying doses (0-80 mg/kg body wt.) of perfluidone (1,1,1-trifluoro-N-(2 methyl-4-(phenylsulphonyl)phenyl methanesulphonamide), a fluorinated arylalkylsulphonamide pesticide, exhibit the following dose-dependent features: (i) increased state-4 respiration: stimulation being maximal (greater than or equal to 400%) at 80 mg perfluidone per kg body wt.), (ii) release of respiratory control by ADP: least respiratory control ratios (RCRs) (less than or equal to 1.2) were obtained at 80 mg perfluidone per kg body wt., (iii) reduced ADP/O ratios, (iv) increased mitochondrial passive swelling, (vi) reduced rates of mitochondrial proton ejection during succinate oxidation, (vi) reduced rates of respiration-dependent Ca2+ accumulation and (vii) an enhanced oligomycin sensitive ATPase action. These features which are qualitatively identical to those of the classical protonophore FCCP, suggest that permeation of the inner mitochondrial membrane by perfluidone is accompanied by a movement of protons into the matrix such that the proton motive force required for ATP synthesis and ion transport becomes small or not formed at all. PMID- 6238688 TI - [Application of bis-diketopiperazine in the treatment of acute leukemia and other malignant blood disorders]. PMID- 6238689 TI - [Clinicopathological analysis of cardiac rupture complicating acute myocardial infarction]. PMID- 6238690 TI - [Application of scrotal septal vascular pedicle flap in the repair of hypospadias]. PMID- 6238691 TI - [Effect of harringtonine and homoharringtonine on the traverse of cell cycle of P388 leukemic cells by flow cytometry]. PMID- 6238692 TI - [Preliminary observation on killing effect of microwave on human and murine cancerous or normal cells in vitro]. PMID- 6238693 TI - [Scanning electron microscopic observation on cat cochlea following electrode implantation]. PMID- 6238694 TI - [Preliminary study on differentiation of Enterobacteriaceae with pyrolysis gas chromatography]. PMID- 6238695 TI - [A case of abnormal hemoglobin doubly heterozygous for Hb New York and HbE found in Maonan ethnic group in China]. PMID- 6238696 TI - [A case of HbG Chinese found in Henan]. PMID- 6238697 TI - [Haptoglobinemia (HpO) in Chinese]. PMID- 6238698 TI - [Pandysautonomia--report of 2 cases]. PMID- 6238699 TI - [Primary mediastinal sarcoma--report of 8 cases]. PMID- 6238700 TI - [Hemangioma and lymphangioma of the mediastinum--report of 6 cases]. PMID- 6238701 TI - [Survey on the prevalence rate of dapsone-resistant leprosy in the Yangzhou district]. PMID- 6238702 TI - [Effect of horseshoe crab blood lectin on complement mediated hemolysis of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria-like erythrocytes]. PMID- 6238703 TI - [Effect of aluminum on hemolysis of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria erythrocytes]. PMID- 6238704 TI - [Synthesis of (+)-lysergic acid diethylamide tartrate]. PMID- 6238705 TI - [Preliminary report on preparation of monoclonal antibody against E receptor]. PMID- 6238706 TI - [Analysis of ECG in normal rats]. PMID- 6238707 TI - [Evaluation, prediction and assurance in the integration of traditional Chinese and western medicine research]. PMID- 6238708 TI - [Survey report in the direction, method and path of the integration of traditional Chinese and western medicine]. PMID- 6238709 TI - [Copper excretion in 37 cases of Wilson's disease treated with "anti hepatolenticular degeneration decoction"]. PMID- 6238710 TI - [111 cases of sporadic encephalitis treated with combined traditional Chinese and western medicine]. PMID- 6238711 TI - [Treatment of toxemia of pregnancy with combined traditional Chinese and western medicine--report of 117 cases]. PMID- 6238712 TI - ["Zhi chou san" (an anticonvulsant powder) in the treatment of preeclampsia- report of 100 cases]. PMID- 6238713 TI - [Preliminary study on the effect of "tonifying the kidney" on ovarian function- analysis of 56 cases]. PMID- 6238714 TI - [Analysis of 150 cases of pulmonary tuberculosis hemoptysis treated with combined traditional Chinese and western medicine]. PMID- 6238715 TI - [Differential classification of 150 cases of acute leukemia by traditional Chinese medicine and their prognosis]. PMID- 6238716 TI - [The role of purgation therapy in the emergency treatment of acute and severe cases of biliary tract diseases]. PMID- 6238717 TI - [Effects of Codonopsis pilosulae-Astragalus injection on superficial activity and ultrastructure of platelets]. PMID- 6238718 TI - [Effects of Epimedium sagittatum and Cistanche deserticola on DNA synthesis in "Yang-insufficiency" animal model induced by hydroxyurea]. PMID- 6238719 TI - [5 cases of sporadic encephalitis treated with Nantong snake-root tablets]. PMID- 6238720 TI - [Platelet research method and its application in the study of "huo xuo hua yu"]. PMID- 6238721 TI - [Pharmacological action mechanism of Chinese anti-epilepsy drugs and their clinical application]. PMID- 6238722 TI - [Treatment of ischemic stroke with traditional Chinese medicine]. PMID- 6238723 TI - [Psychosomatic medicine in traditional Chinese medicine]. PMID- 6238724 TI - Fiber types and myosin types in human atrial and ventricular myocardium. An anatomical description. AB - Hybridomas were prepared from mice immunized with myosin from the enlarged left ventricle of a 53-year-old female with an obstructive cardiomyopathy. The specificity of 15 monoclonal antibodies to myosin heavy chains was assessed by the reactivity of muscle extracts and of chymotryptic myosin fragments of different sizes with these antibodies, as determined by the immune replicate technique; some of the monoclonal antibodies cross-reacted only with the ventricular V3-type myosin from hypothyroid rats, whereas the other antibodies cross-reacted both with the latter and with the ventricular V1-type myosins from normal young rats. Immunological heterogeneity of the fibers from human atrial muscles and from human ventricular muscles was detected by some of the antimyosin antibodies by means of indirect immunofluorescence. Histochemical fiber heterogeneity was also detected by adenosine triphosphatase staining of the same tissues. Because of the close correspondence observed between the immunological and histochemical responses of atrial fibers, it has been postulated that at least two distinct types of myosin exist in the human atrium, each myosin form being histochemically related to either alpha- or beta-like ventricular myosin heavy chains. In contrast, there was no direct correspondence between the two experimental approaches in human ventricles, and it is postulated that at least three distinct types of myosin exist within the human ventricles, one V1-type myosin, presumably corresponding to the very rare fibers with an alkaline-stable adenosine triphosphatase activity, and two other V3-type myosins corresponding to immunologically different fibers, each having an alkaline-labile adenosine triphosphatase activity. Monoclonal antibodies that can distinguish among the different myosin variants were further used to provide the basis for an anatomical description of fiber types and myosin types within the human atrial and ventricular myocardium in the whole hearts of two young boys who died sudden violent deaths. Small zones of myosin variation were seen to be scattered, but probably not randomly distributed, within large areas of myocardium in which the cellular distribution of myosin was constant; the large areas had one myosin distribution specific for each cardiac cavity. No clear-cut conclusions can yet be made concerning the physiological role of the regional variations observed in the distribution of the different molecular forms of myosin. PMID- 6238725 TI - Phenotypic analysis of T cell subsets in the blood of chronically aborting women. AB - A relative decrease in helper and a parallel increase in suppressor-cytotoxic T lymphocytes was found in the blood of six habitually aborting women, as compared with the T-cell subset distribution in ten normal multiparae and eight multigravid post-partum women. It is suggested that an imbalance between the immunoregulatory T-cell subpopulations may contribute to the rejection of the semiallogenic fetus. PMID- 6238726 TI - Vaccine controversies: a clinician's dilemma. PMID- 6238727 TI - Percutaneous balloon valvuloplasty for congenital pulmonary valve stenosis. PMID- 6238728 TI - Rapid purification of human erythrocyte phosphofructokinase. PMID- 6238729 TI - Effects of isotretinoin on serum lipids and lipoproteins, liver and thyroid function. AB - Seven patients with severe rosacea were treated with 1 mg/kg per day isotretinoin for 12 wk. There were significant increases in serum triglyceride (p less than 0.001) and cholesterol (p less than 0.001). Triglyceride associated with very low density lipoprotein (VLDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL) and high density lipoprotein (HDL) increased (p less than 0.01), cholesterol in VLDL and LDL increased (p less than 0.01), and levels of HDL cholesterol decreased (p less than 0.01). There were changes in indices of liver function, with increased levels of gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) (p less than 0.01), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) (p less than 0.01) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (p less than 0.01), and decreased bilirubin levels (p less than 0.05). Although levels of thyroxine and triiodothyronine were lower after treatment (p less than 0.05), there were no changes in basal levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), luteinizing hormone (LH) or follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and responses to thyrotrophin releasing hormone (TRH) and luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) were unchanged. These changes may partially be explained by induction of hepatic microsomal enzymes by isotretinoin. PMID- 6238730 TI - Usefulness of 4-methylumbelliferyl-6-sulfo-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyrano sid e for the diagnosis of GM2 gangliosidoses in leukocytes. AB - 4-Methylumbelliferyl-6-sulfo-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranoside was synthesized and tested as a substrate for the diagnosis of GM2 gangliosidoses using leukocytes. Less than 2% of normal activity was measured in homogenates from patients with typical Tay-Sachs disease and from a patient with a variant form having 37% Hexosaminidase A by heat denaturation using the usual fluorogenic substrate. An adult patient had 8.5% of normal activity. Three patients with Sandhoff disease were found to have values ranging from 17% to 37% of normal. These values overlap the range found for carriers of Tay-Sachs disease, and suggest that the usefulness of this substrate, while excellent for diagnosing B variants of GM2 gangliosidosis, requires further study. Perhaps when used together with 4-methylumbelliferyl-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-glucopyranoside excellent discriminations of patients, carriers and controls will be realized. PMID- 6238731 TI - Intrathyroidal HLA-DR expression and T lymphocyte phenotypes in Graves' thyrotoxicosis, Hashimoto's thyroiditis and nodular colloid goitre. AB - Thyroid surgical biopsies from 21 individuals were examined by a double immunoenzymatic technique with respect to HLA-DR expression and lymphocytic infiltration. HLA-DR positive thyrocytes were observed in two examined Hashimoto goitres and in nine of 11 specimens from patients with Graves' disease. HLA-DR positive thyrocytes were localized to areas harbouring infiltrating lymphocytes, whereas regions with no lymphocytes only rarely expressed HLA-DR antigens. In two specimens of nodular goitre HLA-DR positive thyrocytes were observed in the vicinity of lymphocytic infiltration. Tissues from another three nodular goitres, from one follicular adenoma and from two normal individuals contained no HLA-DR positive thyrocytes and no or only a few lymphocytes. The lymphocytic infiltrates were dominated by cells with the Leu 3a helper/inducer phenotype irrespective of underlying disease, although most pronounced in Hashimoto's thyroiditis. The results indicate that HLA-DR antigens is expressed on thyrocytes in thyroid disorder. The extent of expression correlated with lymphocytic infiltration, which suggests that the two findings are related and of importance for the development of thyroid autoimmunity. PMID- 6238732 TI - Demonstration of organ specific antibodies against heart mitochondria (anti-M7) in sera from patients with some forms of heart diseases. AB - Using submitochondrial particles (SMP) from beef heart, pig kidney and rat liver in the ELISA, we detected partial organ specific anti-mitochondrial antibodies (AMA) against heart and kidney SMP in sera from patients with different forms of cardiomyopathies. Serum samples from 50 of 159 patients with congestive or hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (31%) and from two of 15 patients with acute myocarditis (13%) were AMA positive. These AMA could be clearly differentiated from other known AMA (anti-M1-M6) and were therefore named anti-M7. Thirteen of the 52 sera (25%) reacted only with heart SMP (type a) and 39 showed a cross reaction with kidney, lung and pancreas mitochondria (type b). However, using liver SMP, no positive reaction was found. The anti-M7 type a and b activity was abolished completely by absorption with heart SMP. The anti-M7 antibodies were directed against an antigen which co-purified with the inner mitochondrial membrane and had a molecular weight of 67,000-72,000. They seem to be confined to some forms of cardiomyopathies and myocarditis of unknown aetiology and were not detected in sera from patients with other diseases. PMID- 6238733 TI - Pulmonary and systemic immunoregulatory changes during the development of experimental asbestosis. AB - Initial studies on the effects of low dose exposure to asbestos on pulmonary and systemic immune responses have revealed a bi-phasic pattern characterized by an early enhancement followed by inhibition of lymphocyte responses to several mitogens. In the present study, we sought to define the cellular and humoral factors, responsible for the observed effects. The early enhancement of peripheral blood and pulmonary lymphocyte responses to mitogens may be due, at least in part, to the loss of the inhibitory capacity of alveolar macrophages from asbestos exposed animals to suppress lymphocyte response. Furthermore, macrophages from low dose exposed animals actually enhanced lymphocytes responses to Con A and PHA. The latter inhibition observed following 6-12 months of exposure may be due to the in vivo generation of suppressor lymphocytes. Unfractionated lymphocytes from blood or alveolar space as well as enriched T cells from high dose exposed animals suppressed the proliferative responses of pulmonary or circulating lymphocytes to PHA and Con A, but not to PWM. Similarly, pre-incubation of normal blood or pulmonary lymphocytes in serum from high dose exposed animals for 24 h induced the appearance of suppressor cell activity in these populations when further tested in a co-culture assay with normal fresh lymphocytes. Taken together, these studies demonstrate the multi-faceted effects of asbestos on the immune system. The eventual fibrogenic process of asbestosis may result from the interplay of several mechanisms, some of which are suggested in this work. PMID- 6238734 TI - Autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction in man. XIV. Deficiency of the autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction in acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and AIDS related complex (ARC). In vitro effect of purified interleukin-1 and interleukin 2. AB - Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from male homosexuals with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and with AIDS related complex (ARC) were examined for the autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction (AMLR) between responder T and irradiated autologous non-T cells and in vitro influence of purified human interleukin-1 (IL-1) and -2 (IL-2) on the AMLR. The AMLR was significantly (P less than 0.001) deficient in both ARC and AIDS; the deficiency of the AMLR was of the similar magnitude in two groups when compared to asymptomatic homosexuals and healthy heterosexuals. In vitro addition of IL-2 enhanced the AMLR to the baseline levels of control subjects in most patients in ARC group (P less than 0.01) and in four of 15 patients in AIDS group (P less than 0.01). Addition of IL 1 to IL-2 containing cultures resulted in no further increase in the AMLR response over those with IL-2 alone. This study demonstrates deficiency of the AMLR in patients with ARC and AIDS that is corrected by purified IL-2 in the majority of cases with ARC but only a subset of patients with AIDS. The significance of these findings is discussed. PMID- 6238735 TI - In vivo normobaric oxygen exposure depresses spleen cell in vitro Con A response. Effects of 2-mercaptoethanol and peritoneal cells. AB - Normobaric O2 exposure decreased spleen cell (SC) response to T cell mitogen Con A. 3H-TdR incorporation of SC from O2 exposed mice (O2SC) compared to those of control mice (Air SC) decreased significantly after 72 and 87 h O2 exposure. The dose response kinetics to Con A were identical in O2SC or Air SC. Increasing SC number did not restore the response to Con A and the depressed hyperoxic effect was not related to suppressor cells in the spleen of O2 exposed mice. Response of O2SC to Con A was restored by the thiol compound 2-mercaptoethanol (2-ME), and the degree of restoration by 2-ME, was inversely proportional to the depressed response. Addition of intact peritoneal cells (PC) induced restoration within the same range as 2-ME. Restoration of the mitogenic response by 2-ME involved antioxidant properties and suggested that macrophages were functionally injured by O2 exposure. In cases where mitogen response was highly depressed, restoration was only partial; in these conditions in vivo O2 injury probably involved both macrophages and splenic T cells. The mechanisms of O2 toxicity have been discussed in terms of free radical generation under hyperoxic conditions. PMID- 6238737 TI - The use of Staphylococcus aureus Cowan I for evaluation of suppressor-T-cell activity in hypogammaglobulinemia: evidence for two functionally distinct suppressor T cells. AB - In coculture experiments with normal lymphocytes, peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) of 10 boys with hypogammaglobulinemia were screened for the presence of cells able to suppress Pokeweed mitogen (PWM)- and Staphylococcus aureus Cowan I induced immunoglobulin production in vitro. PBL and T lymphocytes of two patients were shown to suppress reproducibly PWM-induced immunoglobulin production of control PBL and of control B + T lymphocytes. PBL of three other patients were also able to suppress but their activity was expressed only in combination with some but not other normal lymphocytes. In neither case was the Cowan I-induced response suppressed. PBL and T lymphocytes of one other patient were able to suppress both PWM- and S. aureus Cowan I-induced immunoglobulin production of normal lymphocytes. These data provide evidence for two functionally distinct suppressor T lymphocytes in hypogammaglobulinemic patients. PMID- 6238736 TI - Radiosensitivity of isolated subsets of human lymphocytes (E+, OKT4+, OKT8+): protective role of monocytes and monokines. AB - The sensitivity of human peripheral blood T lymphoid populations to 60Co ionizing radiation was investigated. Dose-response values were determined for populations that are commonly identified by their ability to form spontaneous rosettes with sheep red blood cells (E+ cells), helper T lymphocytes (OKT4+ cells) and suppressor T lymphocytes (OKT8+ cells). OKT4+ and OKT8+ T cell subsets were negatively selected by complement (C)-mediated cytolysis using the C fixing OKT4 and OKT8 monoclonal antibodies (MoAb). The irradiation-induced damage was assessed by the lymphoblast transformation test, using the polyclonal T cell mitogen, phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) and the OKT3 MoAb. (The OKT3 antibodies are mitogenic for T cells only in the presence of monocytes). No significant differences were evident between dose-response values of E+, OKT4+ and OKT8+ lymphoid subpopulations when using PHA as a mitogen. On the other hand, when OKT3 was used to trigger resting irradiated peripheral blood T lymphocytes, e.g. E+ cells, OKT3 stimulated T cells proved to be markedly radioresistant as compared to PHA stimulated cell cultures. This was found to result from the fact that purified T cell cultures were co-cultured with non-irradiated monocytes when OKT3 was employed as a motogen. Similarly co-culturing of irradiated E+, OKT4+ and OKT8+ cells with non-irradiated autologus monocytes partially corrected the irradiation damage, regardless of the mitogen employed. More important, however, was the observation that macrophage derived supernatants containing (interleukin 1) IL-1 could confer a high degree of radioprotection on irradiated E+ cells. It is concluded that monocytes and monocyte products partially protect against irradiation damage. PMID- 6238738 TI - Autoimmune hemolytic anemia as a manifestation of T-suppressor-cell deficiency. AB - This report describes two children in whom autoimmune hemolytic anemia was the initial clinical manifestation of an underlying T-cell deficiency. Further investigation revealed a profound deficiency of T suppressor cells in both children as detected by monoclonal T-cell antibody (OKT8) and/or functional assays. In vitro incubation of their lymphocytes with cultured thymus epithelium or thymic factors induced T suppressor cells. In vivo treatment with cultured thymus epithelium or calf thymosin fraction 5 resulted in increased T-suppressor cell numbers and/or function in both and possibly decreased hemolytic activity in one. These results suggest that the autoimmune process in some patients with autoimmune hemolytic anemia is associated with T-suppressor-cell deficiency and that in vivo therapy with agents that modulate T-cell function may be of therapeutic value. PMID- 6238739 TI - Immunologic effects of human thymic stromal grafts and cell lines. AB - These experiments report a method of preparing stromal remnants from human thymus. The remnants were composed of epithelial cells, fibroblasts, and macrophages. They were grafted under the renal capsule of nude mice. Some of the grafts were reconstituted with lymphocytes to obtain the microscopic morphology of the thymus. The mice with reconstituted grafts survived in a conventional environment, had increased numbers of T cells in their spleen, and showed improvement of T-cell mediated immunologic function. This was measured by a positive allogeneic effect, a mixed lymphocyte reaction, and cell-mediated lysis. In vitro cell lines were established from thymic remnants of two separate individuals. These lines grew as attached monolayers. One of them was composed of fibroblasts. The other had an epithelial morphology. This epithelial cell line (HT-7) was shown to produce factors which promoted thymocyte differentiation in vitro. PMID- 6238740 TI - Femoral head vitality in femoral neck fracture after hook-pin internal fixation. AB - Femoral head vitality was evaluated by tetracycline labeling and 99mTc-MDP scintimetry in 317 femoral neck fractures before and after internal fixation with two hook-pins. The preoperative vitality was about the same as that observed by others using comparable methods. The postoperative vitality was reduced in five of 81 undisplaced fractures and in 76 of 236 displaced fractures. These data would predict a rate of avascular healing complications of 7% in undisplaced and 32% in displaced fractures treated with hook-pins. PMID- 6238741 TI - Survey of orthopaedic surgical research in a university center (Linkoping). AB - Since 1969, seven orthopedic dissertations on the following subjects were submitted from the author's hospital. Postoperative use of special elastic bandages and oxyphenbutazone significantly decreased the frequency of thrombosis. Use of a randomized single-blind technique significantly improved chronic cases of lumbago by a new traction treatment called auto-traction. Two control groups were treated by bed rest and analgesics or routine physiotherapy measures. With a new mechanical device for tibial osteotomy, the precision of the angular change was significantly increased. In intracapsular hip fractures treated by Deyerle's technique, only 18% had necrosis of the femoral head after two years. By use of a new radiologic method for determining the stability of tibial fractures it was possible to determine a stability quotient; the quotient established the point at which the fracture could be mobilized without risk of delayed union or pseudarthrosis. In shoulder joint dislocations, three to four weeks of immobilization resulted in a recurrence rate equal to that of ordinary treatment in a sling. In a randomly selected group of people in Sweden, the incidence of shoulder dislocations was 2%. Forty percent of these patients had never seen a doctor. In Colles' fracture, the uptake of radioactive Tc-MDP was significantly increased by treating the fracture with electromagnetic fields. Arthroscopic percutaneous meniscectomies reduced the operation time normally required for an arthrotomy by an average of 30 minutes. PMID- 6238742 TI - Transluminal angioplasty of the cerebral circulation. PMID- 6238743 TI - Balloon catheters for aneurysms and fistulae. PMID- 6238744 TI - Stimulation of the peripheral nervous system for pain control. AB - Transcutaneous stimulation is a proven effective way to relieve pain. Its optimal use requires an accurate patient diagnosis. Treatment of pain as a symptom only is likely to fail. There must be a careful psychosocial evaluation, for the majority of patients who come to the doctor complaining of pain have major psychological, social, or behavioral factors that are most important in the genesis of the complaint. Drug abuse must be corrected. Related symptoms, such as anxiety and depression, must be treated. Then, a thorough trail of transcutaneous stimulation is mandatory. A desultory use will undoubtedly lead to failure. This trial must begin with patient education by experienced personnel. Then the electrodes must be properly applied, and there must be a regular follow-up of stimulation to be certain the patient is utilizing it correctly. The patient must be supported through an adequate trial which should extend over 2-4 weeks before purchase of the device is contemplated. Furthermore, all related nursing and physician personnel must be educated in the proper use of the technique. The uninformed professional who denigrates the therapy is a very effective deterrent to appropriate use. In this situation, transcutaneous electrical stimulation will be of great value in the treatment of acute musculoskeletal injury and acute postoperative pain. It will be effective in the treatment of peripheral nerve injury pain, chronic musculoskeletal abnormalities, chronic pain in the patient who has undergone multiple operations upon the low back and neck, visceral pain, some of the reflex sympathetic dystrophies, and postherpetic neuralgia. Stimulation will not help a complaint which is psychosomatic in origin. It will not influence drug addiction. It is not likely to be useful in any situation where secondary gain is important. The metabolic neuropathies, pain of spinal cord injury, and pain from cerebrovascular accident will not respond frequently enough to warrant more than hopeful trials. The technique is inexpensive, places the patient in control of his own pain, and has no known serious side effects. Its widespread application awaits the development of reasonable systems to provide this service to physicians and patients. Stimulation-induced analgesia deserves a place in the armamentarium of every physician dealing with the complaint of pain. PMID- 6238745 TI - Effects of human T-cell subpopulations on B-cell proliferation as determined by (3H)-thymidine incorporation. AB - Human T-cell subgroups, fractionated by Fc receptor characteristics, have primarily been utilized to investigate their influence on B-cell immunoglobulin synthesis. We have investigated T subpopulation-B cell interaction by evaluating [3H]-thymidine incorporation of pokeweed mitogen-stimulated lymphocytes. DNA synthesis by B cells is dependent on T cells, but may be influenced by regulatory mechanisms that are distinct from those related to plasma cell differentiation. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were divided into purified B cells, and three T-cell groups [T total (TI), T gamma (Fc receptors present for IgG), and T non gamma (no Fc receptor on initial isolation)]. A fixed concentration of B cells (5 X 10(4) was then added to increasing concentrations of T gamma and irradiated TI or T non-gamma cells in the presence of PWM. The addition of irradiated T non gamma enhanced [3H]-thymidine incorporation in a linear dose-dependent relationship. The addition of T gamma cells resulted in reduction in lymphocyte [3H]-thymidine incorporation is an alternative method for the evaluation of T cell subgroup-dependent suppression or enhancement of human B-cell activity. PMID- 6238746 TI - Fc gamma bearing T cells in non-Hodgkin lymphoma. AB - T-cell subpopulations have been implicated in the regulation of normal human B cell reactivity. As the non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL) represent predominantly clonal B-cell malignancies, we examined the relationship of total T-cell [Sheep Red Blood Cell (SRBC) binding] and Fc gamma bearing T-cell populations in these disorders. Peripheral blood from seven low-grade (Rai stage 0), six high-grade (Rai stage 3 or 4) CLL patients, lymph node specimens from five patients with WDLL, seven patients with PDLL-D, three patients with MC-D, and eight patients with DHL were studied. All values were compared to normal controls. The percentage of total T cells in each disease category was decreased compared to controls. In addition, there was a reproducible correlation between the percentage of Fc gamma bearing T cells and the histopathologic diagnosis. The percentage of Fc gamma bearing T cells was highest in low-grade CLL and decreased incremently from high-grade CLL and WDLL, to MC-D, and PDLL-D. In DHL, we found no Fc gamma bearing T cells. Finally, the percentage of Fc gamma bearing T cells in each disease category was decreased compared to controls. These findings suggest a correlation between Fc gamma bearing T cells and the clinical aggressiveness of disease in NHL. In addition, they may raise important questions about therapy. Finally, they may offer a useful clinical test as an adjunct to histopathology although this will need to be confirmed in larger series. PMID- 6238747 TI - Double-rosetting technique for the detection of Fc gamma receptor-positive T lymphocytes. AB - Lymphocyte populations that bear Fc receptors for immunoglobulin G (IgG) (Fc gamma R) seem to be important in a variety of human diseases and have been studied extensively with several techniques to assess their status in human pathologic conditions. The immunologic role of these cells is quite important as they appear to contain the majority of T lymphocytes with suppressor activity and thus may have important regulatory functions. The Fc gamma R+ T lymphocytes are altered in several immunologic diseases and in some neoplastic conditions. We have studied FcR+ lymphocytes by a new method employing E-rosetting techniques in conjunction with a rosetting technique with chicken erythrocytes sensitized with rabbit antichicken erythrocyte IgG. In this fashion we have been able to define T lymphocytes and identify Fc gamma R+ lymphocytes in one simple step. This technique has been compared to other well-accepted methodologies and has given identical results. We have applied this technique to the examination of a group of women with nonmetastasized mammary carcinoma at different stages during their disease as compared with a group of normal, age-matched subjects. Our results indicate that Fc gamma R+ T lymphocytes detected by our mixed-rosette technique are significantly reduced in mammary carcinoma patients. PMID- 6238748 TI - Biological functions of T-cell surface glycoproteins. AB - The OKT4 monoclonal antibody reacts with a 62 KD cell surface glycoprotein present on a subset of human T cells with the capacity to help or induce B-cell differentiation. The OKT8 monoclonal antibody reacts with a 76 KD cell surface glycoprotein present on a subset of human T cells with the capacity to suppress B cell differentiation. The current studies were undertaken to determine whether the T4 and/or T8 antigens themselves play any role in the helper or suppressor function mediated by OKT4+ or OKT8+ cells. Specifically, we asked if monoclonal antibodies that react with noncompeting epitopes on the T4 or T8 molecules could block helper or suppressor function. Isolated human B cells were triggered in vitro to differentiate into antibody-forming cells (AFC) by autologous OKT4+ cells and macrophages in the presence or absence of OKT4 antibodies. By means of a reverse hemolytic plaque assay, AFC were detected as plaque-forming cells (PFC). We found that OKT4A, but not OKT4, antibody inhibited the PFC response over a wide range of concentrations. The antibodies OKT4B, OKT4C, OKT4D, OKT4E inhibited the PFC response to varying degrees. Importantly, inhibition by OKT4A occurred only if the antibody was present during the first 24 hours of cell culture. In the second set of experiments, OKT8+ cells were added to cultures containing B cells, and OKT4+ cells in the presence or absence of OKT8 antibodies, PFC activity was measured 7 days later. We found that the addition of OKT8E or OKT8G, but not OKT8B, OKT8C, OKT8D, OKT8F, or OKT8H, antibodies significantly inhibits the suppressor function mediated by OKT8+ cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6238749 TI - Cytotoxic T cells directed against HLA-DR antigens and their surface proteins. AB - The authors review their recent research involving the generation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) directed against HLA-DR antigens. A mouse anti-human xenogeneic system first suggested that HLA-DR antigens could be recognized by CTL. Human allogeneic CTL specific for HLA-DR6 were generated and found to be OKT4+. The fact that these CTL were OKT4+ while anti HLA-A,B CTL were OKT8+ suggested that these T cell surface antigens may be involved in MHC antigen recognition; ie, they may be part of the T cell receptor. These OKT4+, HLA-DR specific CTL were further used to generate monoclonal antibodies (1) which block cytolysis and define novel antigens involved in the CTL-target interaction and (2) which define an antigenic complex on alloantigen activated T cells. PMID- 6238750 TI - Leukocyte subset analysis and related immunological findings in acquired immunodeficiency disease syndrome (AIDS) and malignancies. AB - Cell surface marker analyses conducted on human peripheral blood lymphoid cells have proven extremely useful in the diagnosis of immunodeficiency and the diagnosis and staging of malignancies. In this paper we have focused on the ratio of helper to suppressor cells in patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome and in patients with malignancy. In thirty-three patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome, the majority showed an inverted helper:suppressor ratio, elevated serum thymosin alpha 1, and elevated serum lysozyme levels. The inverted ratio was due to a deficiency in T-helper cells. The inverted helper:suppressor ratio was associated with functional suppressor cell activity that was seen in 12 out of 21 patients examined. Patients' lymphocytes were found to suppress the PHA, pokeweed mitogen, and concanavalin-A responses of normal subjects' lymphocytes. The suppression also correlated with impaired lymphocyte proliferative responses among the patients' cells themselves. Because of these findings, the helper:suppressor ratio was studied in patients with solid tumors, lymphoma, acute leukemia, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, and hairy cell leukemia. Approximately 30% of these patients have an inverted helper:suppressor ratio. However, in ten out of 30 patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia and in three out of 45 patients with lymphoma, the helper:suppressor ratio was elevated, being greater than 3.0. The significance of these findings is as yet to be explored, but it is suggested that an inverted helper:suppressor ratio in patients with malignancy may relate to an advanced stage of disease or a poor prognosis. Documentation of this point will require further study. PMID- 6238751 TI - Recognition of immature T-cell phenotypes in neonatal blood using monoclonal antibodies. AB - The monoclonal antibody reactivity of cord blood mononuclear cells to six monoclonal reagents, OKT3, OKT4, OKT6, OKT8, OKT10, and OKT11, was evaluated using an indirect immunofluorescence technique. An immature population of cells was found; 24% of T cells in cord blood expressed OKT6 and 58% expressed OKT10. A previously undescribed phenotype, OKT3+/OKT6+, was discovered using double labeling studies. In addition, the OKT4+:OKT8+ ratio in cord blood was 1:2, compared with 1:3 in the normal adult controls tested in this study. This is explained by the presence of a population of OKT4+/OKT8+ cells circulating in the neonate. Double-labeling studies of the cord blood samples demonstrated that all of the OKT3+ cells were simultaneously OKT11+ and that 17% of the cells were OKT11+ only. This is in accordance with the findings in normal adult peripheral T cells. Therefore, circulating neonatal T cells express an immature phenotype more characteristic of thymocytes and an altered OKT4+:OKT8+ ratio as compared with adult controls. We also describe a new phenotype OKT3+/OKT6+ present on the cord mononuclear cells. PMID- 6238752 TI - Immunoregulatory changes in autoimmune disease. AB - Peripheral blood T cell subpopulations were determined in patients with various rheumatic diseases [rheumatoid arthritis (RA); ankylosing spondylitis (AS); reactive synovitis (RS)]. No significant variation in OKT3+ cells was found among these groups. In RA, an increased percentage of OKT4+ was found in relation to the control group. For the other groups no difference was observed. In RA, a decreased percentage of OKT8+ cells was observed. Thus, the immunologic imbalance found in RA was not encountered in AS and RS although these disease--as well as the other pathologic disorders--are characterized by serum hypergammaglobulinemia. Furthermore, the decreased number of T suppressor cells found in peripheral blood of patients with active RA was not observed in their synovial fluid. Therefore we propose a failure of localization mechanism of T suppressor-cytotoxic lymphocytes in the synovial membrane of RA. Single doses of prednisolone produced a temporary decrease in peripheral blood total lymphocytes, T cells, T helper-inducer cells, and a less marked decrease in T suppressor cytotoxic cells, in effect, a normalization of the immune balance, characterized by a decreased T helper/T suppressor ratio. In a similar fashion, patients receiving long-term levamisole exhibited a decrease in total lymphocytes, T lymphocytes, T helper cells, and T suppressor cells 6 and 24 hr after drug intake with a subsequent normalization of the OKT4+/OKT8+ ratio. PMID- 6238753 TI - Characterization of the phenotype and function of lymphocytes infiltrating the salivary gland in patients with primary Sjogren syndrome. AB - Monoclonal antibodies directed against T-cell subsets, B-cell subsets, and monocytes were used to characterize the cells infiltrating the salivary glands of patients with primary Sjogren syndrome (1 degree SS). Analysis of stained frozen tissue sections and lymphocyte suspensions derived from salivary glands revealed the majority of infiltrating cells to be T cells (reactive with antibodies SC1 and Leu 4) of the Leu 3a+ subset (greater than 70% reactive). Of particular interest, a high frequency of Ia+ T cells (up to 50% of T cells) and B cells reactive with antibody B532 (5-15% of infiltrating cells) were found in salivary gland lymphocytes (SGL) but not in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) of the same patients. Our finding that the phenotype of SGL was significantly different from PBL emphasizes the need to characterize lymphocytes at the site of tissue destruction. In vitro functional assays demonstrated that the OKT4+ SGL exhibited T-helper activity but not natural killer, antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, or cytotoxic T-lymphocyte activity. Of note, rheumatoid factor (IgM anti-IgG) was produced by SGL but not by the corresponding PBL. Our studies on SG lymphocyte function represent an early step in elucidating the cellular and subcellular events responsible for this autoimmune disease. PMID- 6238754 TI - Detection of a common leukemia-associated antigen in human myelogenous leukemia using immunoperoxidase. AB - The reactivity of a monoclonal antibody (CAMAL-1), raised to a purified leukemia associated antigen (CAMAL) commonly expressed in or on cells from human myelogenous leukemics has been investigated using an indirect immunoperoxidase staining technique on single cell slide preparations of peripheral blood leucocytes (PBL) or bone marrow (BM) cells. A comparison of reactivity between CAMAL-1 monoclonal antibody (MAb) and rabbit anti-CAMAL serum using this procedure has clarified that differences in reactivities relate to antigen distribution and recognition. The specificity of the CAMAL-1 MAb has been established; most samples from patients with myelogenous leukemia (acute phase or remission and CGL chronic phase) show significantly increased numbers (greater than or equal to 1%) of CAMAL-expressing cells compared to those from normals or individuals with lymphoid leukemias. Evidence is presented that indicates that expression of the CAMAL antigen may represent continued underlying pathology in the acute myelogenous leukemia remission state. PMID- 6238755 TI - The effects of anticoagulant and temperature on the measurements of helper and suppressor cells. AB - This study compared the effects of anticoagulant, storage time, and temperature on the phenotypic determination of the percentages of helper and suppressor Thymus-derived (T) lymphocytes in human peripheral blood. Blood was drawn in ACD, heparin, and EDTA and stored for up to 4 days at room temperature or 4 degrees C. A dual immunofluorescent labeling method, using fluoresceinated-helper (LEU 3a + b) and B-phycoerythrinated-suppressor (LEU 2a) antibodies, was used to simultaneously determine the percentages of the lymphocyte types in whole blood preparations by flow cytometry. Light scatter distributions were stable for ACD or heparinized blood at room temperature, whereas EDTA or 4 degrees C caused changes in the granulocyte distributions. Phenotypic determination of helper/suppressor lymphocytes was most stable for ACD or heparinized blood at room temperature. However, heparinized and EDTA blood showed marked decreases in the percentages of helper cells at 4 degrees C, and EDTA blood stored at room temperature showed an increase in helper cells. The percentages of suppressor cells did not change appreciably regardless of the anticoagulant, storage time, or temperature. PMID- 6238756 TI - [Bone marrow grafts in congenital deficiencies]. PMID- 6238757 TI - [Efficacy and tolerance of a new sustained-release preparation of nicotinic alcohol for reduction of the atherosclerotic risk index]. PMID- 6238758 TI - [Staphylococcal endocarditis associated with valve prosthesis. Therapeutic problems and description of a clinical case]. PMID- 6238759 TI - [Use of a salbutamol-beclomethasone dipropionate combination in the treatment of chronic obstructive bronchopneumopathy]. PMID- 6238760 TI - [Clinical evaluation of the therapeutic efficacy of a new antiphlogistic and mucus-regulating drug, guaimesal, in acute and chronic bronchopneumopathies]. PMID- 6238761 TI - [Practical clinical notes on type III diabetic coma (hyperosmolar nonketotic coma)]. PMID- 6238762 TI - [Apolipoproteins in atherosclerosis]. PMID- 6238763 TI - [Increased serum levels of GH, PRL and TSH in a woman with primary preclinical hypothyroidism and premenstrual tension syndrome]. PMID- 6238764 TI - [Risks and toxicity of mercury pollution]. PMID- 6238765 TI - [Corticosteroids in chronic bronchitis]. PMID- 6238766 TI - [Our experience with sodium cefoperazone]. PMID- 6238767 TI - [Guaimesal capsules in the treatment of exacerbated chronic bronchitis]. PMID- 6238768 TI - [Flunarizine in the therapy of chronic cerebrovascular insufficiency. Multicentric controlled study]. PMID- 6238769 TI - [Malignant hyperthermia: biochemico-metabolic aspects and personal experiences]. PMID- 6238770 TI - [Comparative capillaroscopic study of certain bioflavonoids and total triterpenic fractions of Centella asiatica in venous insufficiency]. PMID- 6238771 TI - [Netilmicin in the treatment of urinary tract infections]. PMID- 6238773 TI - [The effect of water with medium mineral content on various biohumoral parameters of uric acid metabolism]. PMID- 6238772 TI - [Observations on a case of liver cirrhosis in its terminal phase]. PMID- 6238774 TI - [Benzene carcinogenesis]. PMID- 6238775 TI - [Rare in Italy and poorly distributed is equipment for tumor therapy]. PMID- 6238776 TI - [Is treatment of metabolic factors a valid method in the control of arteriosclerosis and coronary disease?]. PMID- 6238777 TI - [Dietary factors and risk of atherosclerosis]. PMID- 6238778 TI - [Phosphatidylcholine in the control of arteriosclerosis]. PMID- 6238779 TI - [Phospholipids and arteriosclerosis]. PMID- 6238780 TI - [Fosfomycin: a further clinical contribution in oral cavity pathology]. PMID- 6238781 TI - [Recent advances in the prophylaxis of dental caries]. PMID- 6238782 TI - [X-rays and the mass media]. PMID- 6238783 TI - [Prevention of arteriosclerosis in Italy]. PMID- 6238784 TI - The biochemistry of coagulation. AB - This article describes the hemostatic process following vascular injury, which involves an integrated response of the blood vessel wall, blood platelets, and plasma blood clotting factors, and the way in which these processes relate to one another. A number of diagrams are presented that diagram the component processes. PMID- 6238785 TI - Back savers. PMID- 6238786 TI - Chlorocresol sensitivity induced by treatment of allergic contact dermatitis with steroid creams. AB - A patient with contact dermatitis from nickel and cobalt developed sensitivity to chlorocresol contained in topical steroid creams. The use of chlorocresol in aqueous creams and topical steroids is reviewed. PMID- 6238787 TI - Allergic contact dermatitis due to 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one in gum arabic. AB - Benzisothiazolin-3-one is a preservative widely used in industry. The manufacturer states that it is a known skin irritant and sensitiser, but these facts are not well-known. A case is described of contact allergy in a lithoprinter caused by it when used as a preservative in gum arabic. The literature is reviewed and a suitable patch-test concentration is suggested. It should be included in the patch-test battery for lithoprinters. PMID- 6238788 TI - Age differences in poison ivy dermatitis. AB - In both man and animals, cell-mediated immunity diminishes with advanced age. Because poison ivy is a very common allergy, we evaluated age-associated differences in the contact allergic reaction to Rhus. Oleoresin patch tests were applied to two age cohorts (18-25 versus 65-84) each of 14 healthy white subjects. In the elderly, the allergic reaction developed more slowly, the inflammatory response at peak was greatly diminished and the dermatitis lasted longer and seemed to be more pruritic. PMID- 6238789 TI - The role of atopy in occupational dermatoses. AB - Hayfever was the commonest symptom of atopy among a group of 134 individuals who had been compensated for work-related skin disease in South Carolina. A history of previous eczema and a history of wool intolerance differed significantly between the group with contact dermatitis and the group with other work-related dermatoses. The role of atopy figured dramatically among the more serious cases, accounting for 93% of these cases resulting in job loss. PMID- 6238790 TI - Allergy to benzylamine and benzyl-1-amino-3 chloro-2 hydroxypropane. PMID- 6238791 TI - Contact dermatitis from phenoxyethanol in aqueous cream BP. PMID- 6238792 TI - Anhydrite dermatitis in coal mines. An airborne irritant reaction assessed by laser Doppler flowmetry. PMID- 6238793 TI - Occupational allergic contact dermatitis to povidone-iodine. PMID- 6238794 TI - Allergic dermatitis from etofenamate. PMID- 6238795 TI - Isolated Cardura E10 sensitivity in an epoxy resin chemical process. PMID- 6238796 TI - Contact allergy to vitamin A. PMID- 6238797 TI - Nicotine as a hapten in seborrhoeic dermatitis. PMID- 6238799 TI - Contact dermatitis to lettuce. PMID- 6238798 TI - Contact dermatitis caused by cobalt naphthenate. PMID- 6238800 TI - Allergic contact dermatitis to ammonium thioglycolate. PMID- 6238802 TI - Patch test irritancy quantified by laser Doppler flowmetry. PMID- 6238801 TI - Contact allergy to the photographic chemical PBA-1. PMID- 6238803 TI - Contact dermatitis due to bisphenol A in semi-synthetic waxes. PMID- 6238804 TI - Contact allergy to unsaturated polyester in a boatbuilder. PMID- 6238806 TI - Nephrotoxicities of antineoplastic and immunosuppressive agents. PMID- 6238807 TI - Clinical trichology. PMID- 6238808 TI - Mechanism and regulation of mitochondrial ATP synthesis. PMID- 6238805 TI - Inhibition of ovulation by intranasal nafarelin, a new superactive agonist of GnRH. AB - Thirty healthy female volunteers used a new superactive stimulatory analog of the hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) for inhibition of ovulation and contraception during 3 months. The potent GnRH agonist nafarelin (D-Nal(2)6 GnRH) was administered intranasally in a daily dose of 125 micrograms to 15 women and 250 micrograms to 15 women. The treatment inhibited ovulation in all women during the 89 months of therapy. No pregnancies occurred during 59 treatment months in which no additional contraceptives were used. The mean estradiol concentration decreased during the 3-month treatment within the normal range for the early to mid-follicular phase of the menstrual cycle. The results suggest that the GnRH agonist nafarelin has a potential for contraception by inhibition of ovulation in women. PMID- 6238809 TI - Binding change mechanism for ATP synthesis by oxidative phosphorylation and photophosphorylation. PMID- 6238810 TI - Inhibition of mitochondrial F1-ATPase by adenylyl imidodiphosphate. PMID- 6238811 TI - Role of Mg2+ ions in several steps of the sarcoplasmic reticulum-ATPase cycle. PMID- 6238812 TI - Sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase: alterations in catalysis through interaction with ATP and ADP. PMID- 6238813 TI - Contribution of 18O technology to the mechanism of the H+-ATPase from yeast plasma membrane. PMID- 6238815 TI - [Surgical technics in inguinal and femoral hernia in adults]. PMID- 6238814 TI - Selenium--glutathione peroxidase: properties and synthesis. PMID- 6238816 TI - [Detection of chalones produced by a primary tumor in the blood of mice with Lewis carcinoma]. AB - The substance fraction precipitated in 81% ethanol from blood or tumour tissue of mice with Lewis (3LL) carcinoma on the 13th, 20th and 32nd day after the tumour transplantation is established to inhibit the processes of proliferation in the cell culture of the same tumour. The fraction isolated on the 7th day after transplantation stimulated the proliferation. No inhibition of proliferation was observed when studying the effect of the same fraction isolated on the 13th and 20th day from blood of mice with B-16 melanoma on the 3LL carcinoma. This fact suggests a tissue-specific action of proliferation inhibitors isolated from blood of mice with Lewis 3LL carcinoma and permits considering them as chalones. An assumption is advanced that the primary tumour synthesizing chalones and secreting them into blood can regulate not only its own growth but also the growth of remoted metastases. PMID- 6238817 TI - [Chronic T-cell lymphoid leukemia with helper cell phenotype]. AB - Tumour cells of a patient with T-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia had surface (E+, OKT3+, OKT4+, OKT8-, SIg-, Ia-) and cytochemical (properties positive reaction to acid phosphatase, acid nonspecific esterase and negative reaction to terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase) specific for T-helper lymphocytes. They had no activity of NK and K-cells, reacted weakly to mitogens (PHA, Con A, PWM) and allogenic cells. Con A and PWM stimulated synthesis of specific receptors (OKT3 and OKT4) on the surface of malignant cells, whereas PHA decreased the amount of above receptors. PMID- 6238818 TI - Diurnal variations of plasma growth hormone, thyrotropin, thyroxine, and triiodothyronine in streptozotocin-diabetic and food-restricted rats. AB - The pattern of spontaneous GH, TSH, T4, and T3 secretion has been studied in male rats in response to a 15-day period of streptozotocin diabetes or food restriction. Beginning at 0900 h, groups of control (C), food-restricted (FR), diabetic (D), and insulin-treated D rats were killed every 60-90 min for a 8-h period. Food restriction resulted in a significant depression of the GH, TSH, T4, and T3 peaks, whereas diabetes caused complete suppression of episodic secretion of each hormone. Insulin (6 U/100 g BW X day for 12 days) administration to D rats restored the normal pattern of secretion. In D and FR rats, pituitary GH concentrations were lower than in C rats, whereas pituitary TSH concentrations were similar to those in controls. Thus, as compared to C rats, FR and D rats showed an inhibition in GH, TSH, T4, and T3 secretion, most marked in D animals. Since diabetes is associated with a deficiency of circulating thyroid hormones, the potential roles of T4 and T3 on pituitary GH concentration and secretion in D rats were evaluated. Treatment of D rats with insulin (3 U/100 g BW X day), T4 (1.8 micrograms/100 g BW X day), or T3 (0.30 microgram/100 g BW X day) for 12 days resulted in a significant but limited increase in pituitary GH content. When administered together with insulin, the net effects of T4 or T3 with insulin appeared additive. T4 administration to D rats produced a significant though limited increase in plasma GH concentrations and weight gain, whereas both values were unaffected by T3. Simultaneous administration of T4 and insulin resulted in significant increased plasma GH concentration to levels greater than those in C rats. However, plasma GH levels in rats treated with T3 plus insulin were greater than those in D rats, but lower than in C animals. The results indicate that the decreased pituitary GH content of D rats can be corrected, at least in part, by T4 and T3. PMID- 6238819 TI - Pulsatile luteinizing hormone release, and the inhibitory effect of estradiol-17 beta in gonadectomized male and female rats: effects of neonatal androgen or exposure to constant light. AB - The characteristics of pulsatile LH release and the acute inhibition of LH release by estradiol-17 beta (E2) were studied in long term (21 days) gonadectomized female and male Wistar rats. Three groups of female rats were examined; animals exposed either to summer lighting (14-h on; 10-h off; LD) or continuous illumination (LL) and animals treated neonatally with testosterone propionate (TP) and exposed to LD. The mean plasma LH concentrations and interpulse intervals were similar in both male and LD female rats. However, treatment of female rats with TP or exposure to LL reduced the mean plasma LH concentration in female rats and increased the interpulse interval when compared with LD female or male rats. The amplitude of the LH pulses was significantly greater in the LD female rats compared with those in the male rats; since pituitary responsiveness to a single iv injection of 50 ng LHRH/100 g BW was similar in the two groups, this suggests that the amount of LHRH released per pulse of LH is greater in the female than in the male. The greater amplitude but similar frequency of LH pulses in the LD female compared with the LD male suggest that the MCR of LH may be greater in the female. The pulse amplitude in the TP treated rats was similar to that in the rats exposed to LL and since pituitary responsiveness to LHRH was significantly greater in the TP rats, there was probably more LHRH released per pulse of LH in the LL-treated rats. Pituitary responsiveness to LHRH was significantly lower in the LL- and TP-treated rats compared with males and LD females. The timing of the inhibition of LH secretion by E2 was similar in all four groups of animals, and in LD females was not affected by a 92% depletion of serotonin, 100% depletion of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, or a 33% depletion of dopamine in the hypothalamus produced by the administration of parachlorophenylalanine.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6238820 TI - Changes in phosphofructokinase and pyruvate kinase in rat brain regions during alloxan-induced diabetes. AB - Changes in the profile of two glycolytic enzymes, phosphofructokinase and pyruvate kinase, in different regions of rat brain were studied under alloxan induced diabetes. A regional variation of the effect of diabetes on brain was noted - the cerebral hemispheres and cerebellum showed decreased activity of the enzymes, while the brain stem remained relatively unaffected. The changes in enzyme activities in the brain regions were more pronounced at the early days of diabetes, particularly at 8 days. Insulin administration to the diabetic animals restored the activity of the enzymes. The results indicate a regionally variable effect of diabetes on the two key glycolytic enzymes, and bring out a role of insulin in the regulation of brain glycolysis. PMID- 6238821 TI - Exogenous thymidine and reversal of the inhibitory effect of sulfamethoxazole trimethoprim on streptococci. AB - The practice of using sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (SXT) for the selective isolation of Streptococcus pyogenes and as a taxonomic character in the presumptive identification of streptococci was applied to 17 strains of different groups of streptococci to determine their characteristic behaviour in the presence of exogenous thymidine. Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus agalactiae and group D enterococci utilized thymidine, the first two species obtaining a maximum reversal of the inhibitory effect of SXT at thymidine concentrations of 1.2 micrograms/ml and 0.6 micrograms/ml or higher, respectively. For group D enterococci, the degree of reversal of the inhibitory effect was proportional to the thymidine concentration. In contrast, the four viridans species studied (Streptococcus sanguis I, Streptococcus salivarius, Streptococcus mitis and Streptococcus sanguis II) and Streptococcus pneumoniae were unable to utilize thymidine from an exogenous source and thus growth remained inhibited even at the highest concentrations of thymidine tested. For selective isolation and identification of streptococci only stable media with batch-to-batch consistency are recommended together with a known quantity of thymidine. PMID- 6238822 TI - The activity of vancomycin and teicoplanin alone and in combination with gentamicin or ampicillin against Streptococcus faecalis. AB - The in vitro activities of vancomycin and teicoplanin against 56 strains of Streptococcus faecalis were compared. Killing curves showed that vancomycin and teicoplanin were bacteriostatic and that synergy was achieved when each was combined with gentamicin. The bactericidal activity displayed by 4 mg/l of ampicillin against Streptococcus faecalis was antagonized by 4 mg/l of vancomycin and 0.5 mg/l of teicoplanin respectively. PMID- 6238823 TI - In vitro recovery of resistant retrovirus isolates after exposure to phosphonoformate. PMID- 6238824 TI - pH-induced co-operative effects in hysteretic enzymes. 2. pH-induced co-operative effects in a cell-wall beta-glucosyltransferase. AB - A beta-glucosyltransferase, extracted and purified from the cell walls of isolated soybean cells, displays hysteretic behaviour. The enzyme is monomeric and has a negative co-operative between pH 5.5 and 7.5. Below and above these pH values, the enzyme follows, or approaches, classical Michaelis-Menten kinetics. The free enzyme and the enzyme-glucose complex exhibit, upon pH jumps, conformational transitions which may be followed by monitoring the fluorescence of enzyme-bound toluidinylnaphthalene sulfonate. Taken together these results are consistent with the model of pH-induced co-operativity described in the preceding paper in this journal. This special type of co-operativity relies on a change of the pK value of a strategic ionizable group located outside the active site in a region (or a domain) of the protein which undergoes the conformational transition. The result that at 'low' and 'high' pH values, the enzyme follows or approaches Michaelis-Menten kinetics is explained by assuming that the conformational changes do not affect the active site. PMID- 6238825 TI - Early detection of developing osteoarthritis by scintigraphy: an experimental study on rabbits. AB - Bone scintigraphy (99mTc-MDP) was used to study the development of experimental osteoarthritis produced by extension immobilization in rabbit knees. The purpose of the study was to determine a repeatable and noninvasive method for following the joint reaction leading to osteoarthritis. In comparison with the contralateral joints activity uptake in immobilized joints was already detectable in bone scintigraphy at 24 h, at the same time as the earliest changes in the biochemical reactions of joint tissues can be detected. PMID- 6238827 TI - A rationale for the merger of special and regular education. PMID- 6238826 TI - Changes of blood T cell subsets in patients receiving postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer. AB - The number of T helper (Th) and T suppressor (Ts) cells, as defined by monoclonal antibodies, of the blood lymphocyte population was examined in breast cancer patients receiving postoperative cyclic therapy with cyclophosphamide, methotrexate and 5-fluorouracil. The total number of lymphocytes was reduced to approximately 50% at the end of the 17-month period of chemotherapy. Identification of Th and Ts subsets with the aid of Leu-3a and Leu-2a antibodies revealed that the former was reduced to a higher relative extent than the latter, thus reducing the Th/Ts ratio highly significantly during the entire treatment period. A reduced ratio was also observed in a group of patients having completed their treatment 2-3 yr earlier. PMID- 6238828 TI - An analysis of conversations among handicapped students and a nonhandicapped peer. PMID- 6238830 TI - Helper function of human T cells with different affinity for Helix pomatia A hemagglutinin in a tetanus toxoid-induced B cell differentiation system. AB - T cells from human peripheral blood were enriched in T4+ cells by lysis of T8+ cells with the monoclonal antibody OKT8 plus complement. The T4+ subset was separated into 4 fractions differing in avidity for the lectin Helix pomatia A hemagglutinin (HP). The fractions were studied for their capacity to help autologous B cells to differentiate and mature into immunoglobulin (Ig) synthesis and secretion after activation with tetanus toxoid (TT) in vitro. To ensure the antigen specificity of induction, very low doses of TT (1-100 ng/ml) were used for activation of the lymphocytes, all obtained from previously sensitized donors. The T4+ cells with low avidity for HP (fractions HP-I and HP-II) exerted little help for B cell differentiation. Removal of these cells enhanced the helper function of the remaining T4+ cells, indicating that fractions HP-I and HP II contained suppressor cells. In contrast, efficient B cell help was provided by T4+ cells with high avidity for HP (fractions HP-III and HP-IV). However, these fractions differed in the quality of help provided. Thus, while HP-III cells induced IgG secretion, HP-IV cells mainly induced IgM secretion. Moreover, while the Ig secreted after help from HP-III cells was TT-specific antibody, the Ig secreted by B cells in the presence of autologous HP-IV cells was polyclonal, probably reflecting induction of B cells differing in their responsiveness to signals provided by different types of T cells. The results indicate that T4+ cells vary in their stage of differentiation as seen by differences in expression of the HP marker and that differences in HP-marker expression appear to be associated with differences in cellular functions. PMID- 6238829 TI - Effects of zimeldine, mianserin and amitriptyline on psychomotor skills and their interaction with ethanol a placebo controlled cross-over study. AB - 13 healthy volunteers participated in a double-blind, four-period, cross-over study. In each period, the trial drugs (placebo, zimeldine, amitriptyline and mianserin) were given in fixed dosages for 8 days; amitriptyline 10-50 mg twice daily, mianserin 10-30 mg twice daily and zimeldine 200 mg once daily. Ethanol 1 g/kg bodyweight was drunk 2 hours after drug intake on Days 1 and 8 of each period, the latter being separated by a 2 week wash-out period. Ratings of subjective feelings and side effects, and performance tests were done on Days 1 and 8 of each period before, 1.5, 3 and 4.5 h after drug intake, i.e. 2 of the tests were performed under the influence of ethanol. Mianserin decreased critical flicker frequency, slowed reactions under discriminative stimulation and tended to cause nystagmus, but only on Day 1 (after the first 10 mg dose). Amitriptyline impaired coordination on Days 1 (after the initial 10 mg dose) and 8, and lowered the flicker threshold on Day 8 at "steady state" (after the 50 mg morning dose). Both these antidepressants were felt to be sedative, especially in the initial phase of the treatment, and they interacted additively with ethanol. No impairment of psychomotor skills was associated with zimeldine, only a subjective sedative effect of the 200 mg dose was seen on Day 1. Zimeldine did not enhance the effects of ethanol; it even showed some antagonism of ethanol-induced body sway in the standing steadiness test. In contrast to amitriptyline and mianserin, zimeldine was regarded as not harming psychomotor skills, and as not having any observable interaction with ethanol. PMID- 6238831 TI - Irreversible inactivation of activated cytotoxic T lymphocyte precursor cells by "anti-self" suppressor cells present in murine bone marrow T cell colonies. AB - When added to a mixed lymphocyte culture, cells in T cell colonies grown from bone marrow (BM) suppressed the development of cytotoxic activity against H-2 antigens shared by the colony cells and the stimulator cells, apparently by inactivating cytotoxic T lymphocyte precursor cells (CTLP). From the point of view of the added suppressor cells, the suppression was against self-reactive cells. The suppressor cells were resistant to gamma irradiation (1500 rds) but sensitive to UV irradiation. Inactivated CTLP separated from the suppressor cells by cell sorting could not be reactivated on being recultured with fresh stimulator cells, suggesting the suppression is irreversible. There was a critical time window, extending roughly from 20 to 40 h after culture initiation, during which the suppressor cell had to be present if CTLP were to be inactivated. During the first 20 h and after 40 h of exposure to stimulator cells, CTLP were resistant to the suppressor cell. Direct experimental evidence is presented against the possibility that the suppressor cells derived from BM colonies act by augmenting the production of Lyt-2+ suppressor cells from the responder population which then produce the suppression, or that the suppressor cells interfere with an early interaction between CTLP and stimulator cells. We conclude that the suppressor cells in T cell colonies grown from BM act directly on activated CTLP and permanently inactivate them. PMID- 6238832 TI - Clonal endurance and clonal burst size: novel indices of helper T cell heterogeneity. AB - This report presents a method for examining the behavior of individual antigen responsive helper T cell precursors (pHTL), following their repeated encounter with antigen. In our model system, lymph node cells from mice immunized with keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) are cultured in vitro under limiting dilution conditions, using responder cell doses chosen to ensure that each culture well contains, at the outset, at most a single KLH-reactive helper T cell precursor. Those wells which in fact did receive a KLH-reactive pHTL are identified by the accumulation of the helper T cell product, interleukin 3 (IL3), during a 6-day culture interval. The lymphocytes generated during this culture interval are washed, divided into replicate aliquots, and then further cultured (with and without additional KLH) to see if the original pHTL has generated cells which are capable of further lymphokine production. Using this approach, we found a surprising amount of variation from clone to clone in two measurements. Clones differed greatly in "endurance", that is in the ability of progeny cells to continue to secrete IL3 in the absence of additional antigenic stimulation. Among 148 clones tested, 90 were found not to continue lymphokine secretion in antigen free secondary cultures, while IL3 production among the other 58 clones varied from 1 to 128 arbitrary units. Individual clones also varied greatly with respect to their ability to secrete additional IL3 in response to additional antigen, and in "burst size", that is in the number of new, antigen-responsive helper cell precursors which they can generate during the initial culture interval; 43% of the clones produced no new pHTL, while others produced as many as 800 new pHTL cells in an 8-day period. Neither measure correlates strongly with the amount of lymphokine originally produced by the initial "parental" pHTL. This method will allow us to examine the factors which influence the allocation of clonal progeny cells into lymphokine producing effectors and antigen-sensitive "memory" T cells. PMID- 6238833 TI - Cell surface events which may initiate lysosomal enzyme secretion by human monocytes. AB - Freshly isolated and subsequently matured human monocytes secreted lysosomal hexosaminidase in response to exposure to IgG-Sepharose, but not certain derivatized control Sepharoses. The cells bound selectively to the surface of IgG Sepharose (and not the control Sepharoses) but because of the large size of the particles, could not ingest them. Since the soluble IgG was covalently linked to the Sepharose and free soluble IgG was not an inducer of secretion, the secretion was thus induced directly at the cell surface. Zymosan, a yeast cell wall particle which contains a mannan, was also able to induce secretion in the various monocyte stages under study. It could even bind to the cell surface of fresh monocytes which lacked the receptor for mannose-terminated glycoproteins, and induce secretion in these cells. The mannose receptor appeared as monocytes matured, and the Ir number on the surface was increased by the action of lymphokines. Although zymosan-induced secretion could be inhibited by mannose and certain other sugars, these seemed to have some complex metabolic effects in human monocytes (which previous work with mouse macrophages has not revealed). Thus, it was not possible to demonstrate whether zymosan could initiate secretion directly by interaction at the monocyte surface mannose glycoprotein receptor. PMID- 6238834 TI - Dose-related inhibitory effects of the beta-adrenoceptor blocking drugs carteolol and propranolol on cardiac hypertrophy in spontaneously hypertensive rats. AB - The inhibitory effect of two kinds of beta-adrenoceptor blocking drugs [propranolol: 1-100 mg/kg per day; carteolol: 0.3-30 mg/kg per day] on the development of cardiac hypertrophy was studied in young spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR: 4 weeks old). Though neither propranolol or carteolol given for 6 weeks reduced the development of hypertension in SHR, both drugs did reduce the increase in the heart weight/body weight ratio in a dose-dependent manner. This potency of carteolol was about 300 times greater than that of propranolol. The potency of carteolol with regard to the reduction in the myocardial protein/DNA ratio was about 300 times greater than that of propranolol. The beta-blocking potency, estimated from the area under the dose response curve (beta-blocking action) of carteolol, was also 300 times greater than that of propranolol and correlated well with the extent of the structural changes in the heart. Thus, the possibility that the degree of beta-blocking potency may strongly relate to structural changes in the heart of young SHR has to be given consideration. PMID- 6238836 TI - Calcium sequestering activities of reticulum vesicles from Xenopus laevis oocytes. AB - Membrane vesicles isolated from Xenopus laevis full-grown stage VI and mature oocytes accumulate 45Ca in the presence of ATP and oxalate. The Ca2+-pumping activity measured in vitro does not appear to be modified during meiotic maturation; it is not affected by the complex Ca2+-calmodulin. Preliminary experiments have shown that the addition of Na+ (30 mM) rapidly discharges accumulated 45Ca into oocyte vesicles indicating that a Na+/Ca2+ exchange system occurs in this membrane fraction. During progesterone-induced maturation, the different intracellular membranes undergo morphological changes. We suggest that intracellular movement of membrane vesicles could be involved in the local regulation of Ca2+ levels. PMID- 6238835 TI - Complementary adhesive responses of human skin fibroblasts to the cell-binding domain of fibronectin and the heparan sulfate-binding protein, platelet factor-4. AB - Plasma fibronectin (pFN) contains binding domains for an unidentified receptor on the surface of fibroblasts and for heparan sulfate chains of proteoglycans on these same cells. A series of experiments were designed to assess the relative importance of these activities in mediating substratum adhesion of human skin fibroblasts (strain 4449) grown in the absence of ascorbate (asc-) or in its presence (asc+) to minimize or maximize collagen production-maturation, respectively. The cell-binding fragment (CBF) of pFN was purified from chymotryptic digests free of any heparan sulfate-binding activity. The responses of cells to CBF were then compared with those mediated by the heparan sulfate binding protein, platelet factor-4 (PF4). At early time points when cells had spread effectively on pFN, both asc- or asc+ cells extended spiky projections on PF4 and long projections on CBF with actively ruffling membranes at their tips. By 4 h, asc+ cells had spread much more effectively on CBF than asc+ cells on PF4 or asc- cells on either binding activity. Mixtures (w/w) of CBF:PF4 between 1:1 and 9:1 generated a more physiologically normal response than to either of the binding proteins alone, particularly for asc+ cells. Examination of cytoskeletal reorganization by fluorescence analysis with an antibody to 7S tubulin (for microtubules) and NBD-phallacidin (for F-actin) revealed condensations of microfilaments at the ruffling edges of asc- cells on CBF or on PF4 and for asc+ cells on PF4; in contrast, asc+ cells on CBF generated long bundles of microfilaments in their spreading lamellae within 4 h. Microtubule networks reorganized very well on CBF but only partially on PF4 with either cell type. Microfilament reorganization was comparable to that on intact pFN with CBF:PF4 mixtures of 1:1 and 9:1 for asc+ cells, whereas asc- cells generated condensations of microfilaments but little bundling. These studies reveal that the adhesive responses to mixtures of these two binding activities are significantly greater than to the individual activities and that the responses of asc+ cells approach the properties of cells on intact pFN, whereas asc- cells remain incapable of forming stress fiber-like bundles of microfilaments under all conditions. PMID- 6238837 TI - Ontogeny and localization of the IgG Fc receptor of rabbit ciliary processes. AB - We have previously demonstrated the presence of IgG Fc binding sites in adult rabbit ciliary processes. The present study of 22 perinatal rabbit eyes defines the age-related expression of the IgG receptor activity and the selective localization of this activity on the posterior portions of the ciliary processes where it appears to be associated with the superficial non-pigmented epithelium. Our findings indicate that the rabbit ciliary processes IgG binding activity is only slightly expressed at birth but develops rapidly after birth, reaching adult levels within 2 weeks. Moreover, our results support the concept of important regional specialization within the ciliary body and suggest that the posterior ciliary processes, like other tissues similarly endowed with IgG binding sites, may have specialized immune functions. PMID- 6238838 TI - Changes in reciprocal Ia inhibition from wrist extensors to wrist flexors during voluntary movement in man. AB - Transmission in the Ia inhibitory pathway from wrist extensor muscles onto flexor MNs was studied at various times after the onset of voluntary wrist extension or flexion. At the very onset of wrist movements Ia inhibition was not changed, as compared to at rest, whereas later it progressively increased during wrist extension and decreased during wrist flexion. These results are discussed in relation to the different inputs converging onto Ia interneurones and it is suggested that their inhibition by Renshaw cells might be responsible for the results found at the onset of contraction. PMID- 6238839 TI - [Search for and study of antiarrhythmic substances among crown ethers]. AB - The authors studied antiarrhythmic properties of macrocyclic polyesters. Some of the esters exhibited antiarrhythmic activity coupled with low toxicity. It was found that antiarrhythmic action of these substances is not mediated via acetylcholine and/or catecholamine system responsible for nervous regulation of the cardiac activity. The compounds under study were found to have marked antifibrillar properties. Experiments on an isolated rat heart demonstrated calcium specificity of the antifibrillar action of cyclolactones. It is assumed that macrocyclic polyesters represent a new class of antiarrhythmic agents having a direct cardiotropic action. PMID- 6238841 TI - Solubilized monomeric sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca pump protein. Phosphorylation by inorganic phosphate. AB - Phosphorylation (by inorganic phosphate) of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca pump protein has been studied in a detergent solution in which the protein has been previously shown to exist as a monomer. The course of the reaction is qualitatively similar to that observed for membrane-bound (possibly oligomeric) protein. In particular, the results indicate that alternation between the two principal conformational states of the Ca pump protein persists in the monomeric state, which suggests that the machinery for coupling of ATP hydrolysis to Ca2+ transport is intact. There are quantitative differences between monomeric and membrane-bound protein with respect to phosphorylation, but they are not necessarily related to the state of association. PMID- 6238840 TI - [Spasmolytic and anti-inflammatory activity of 8-hydroxyquinolines]. AB - It has been shown that quinozole (aqueous solution), enteroseptol and nitroxoline (suspension with Tween-80) in a concentration of 0.2 X 10(-6)-1.10(-5) decrease the tone of the rat and guinea-pig ileum and diminish their peristalsis. When administered in the same concentrations quinozole removes or prevents the spasmogenic effects of barium chloride (1 X 10(-5)-4.10(-5), of histamine (2 X 10(-5) and -6) but not of acetylcholine (1 X 10(-6)). When administered orally in a dose 50 mg/kg to rats enteroseptol and nitroxoline inhibit the serotonin-, agar and carrageenin-induced edemas of the rat paws without changing the response to subplantar injection of histamine. The data obtained should be taken into consideration during the use of 8-hydroxyquinolines as antimicrobial substances. PMID- 6238842 TI - A protein kinase C inhibitory activity is present in rat brain homogenate. AB - The partial purification and characterization of (a) factor(s) from rat brain which inhibit(s) the activity of calcium and phospholipid-dependent protein kinase from the same tissue is described. This factor, present in 100 000 X g rat brain homogenate supernatant, is inactivated upon treatment by trypsin and pepsin and is therefore assumed to be a protein. It was partially purified by ion exchange chromatography on DEAE-cellulose, ammonium sulfate precipitation and gel filtration. This inhibitor is not stable to heating at 70 degrees C for 10 min, however partial renaturation of the inhibitory activity can be observed after incubation of the denatured inhibitor for 24 h at 4 degrees C. It is precipitable by 10% trichloroacetic acid and by 2 M ammonium sulfate. It exhibits a Stokes radius of 20 A by gel exclusion chromatography, corresponding to a molecular mass of 20 kDa assuming a globular shape. Kinetic analysis of the inhibition of calcium-phospholipid-dependent histone kinase activity indicates that the inhibitor is competitive with respect to the protein substrate. No change was observed in the kinetic values of the kinase for ATP, Ca2+ and phospholipids. PMID- 6238843 TI - Plasminogen activator activity in differentiating leukemia cells. AB - Plasminogen activator (PA) activity of human promyelocytic leukemia cell line HL 60 was assayed by following the conversion of plasminogen to plasmin and the plasmin-mediated hydrolysis of 14C-labeled globin. When HL-60 cells were induced to differentiate into macrophages by 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA), cell-associated PA activity and secretion of PA into the conditioned medium increased profoundly. PA activity increased earlier and as a result of lower concentrations of TPA than the ability of the cells to adhere. Exposure to 10( 6)M dexamethasone did not prevent TPA-induced adherence and produced a slight inhibition of cellular PA activity. These findings imply that TPA-induced differentiation of HL-60 cells to macrophage-like cells is associated with induction of PA activity. PMID- 6238844 TI - Increased content of natural ATPase inhibitor in tumor mitochondria. AB - The ATPase activity of Zajdela hepatoma and Yoshida sarcoma submitochondrial particles was several times lower than the enzyme activity in rat heart and rat liver submitochondrial particles. The content of F1-ATPase in the tumor mitochondria was found not to be very different from that in mitochondria of rat liver. Immunochemical determination of the amount of the natural ATPase inhibitor revealed that the tumor mitochondria contain 2-3-times more ATPase inhibitor than control mitochondria. It is concluded that the low ATPase activity of the tumor mitochondria results from the inhibition of the enzyme activity by the natural ATPase inhibitor. PMID- 6238845 TI - Cortisone-induced small RNP tightly bound to chromatin. AB - The small nuclear RNP (alpha-RNP) tightly bound to chromatin has been isolated. alpha-RNP can be removed from chromatin together with the acid-soluble proteins. The RNA from this RNP has been isolated; its electrophoretic mobility is equal to that of 4 S RNA. The study of the resistance of alpha-RNA to RNases (A, T1 and S1) in salt solutions of various ionic strengths allows us to conclude that the alpha-RNA has a well-developed secondary structure. The alpha-RNA is tightly associated with the protein moiety of alpha-RNP and has developed secondary structure. The alpha-RNA is tightly associated with the protein moiety of alpha RNP and has a high metabolic activity. PMID- 6238846 TI - Coupling between proteolytic processing and translocation of the precursor of the F1-ATPase beta-subunit during its import into mitochondria of intact cells. AB - The intracellular transport of newly synthesized beta-subunits of the F1-ATPase (beta F1) and of newly synthesized ADP/ATP carrier was followed in isolated rat hepatoma cells. As tested by rapid fractionation of [35S]methionine pulse- and pulse-chase-labeled cells and by sensitivity of labeled polypeptides to externally added protease, the import of beta F1 into mitochondria was strongly inhibited by the additional low concentrations of rhodamine 6G (R6G). In contrast, the import of the ADP/ATP carrier into mitochondria was not affected by the inhibitor. The results imply that the proteolytic processing of the precursor of beta F1 is coupled to its translocation across the mitochondrial membrane. PMID- 6238847 TI - Calmodulin-sensitive calcium-pumping ATPase of plasma membranes: isolation, reconstitution, and regulation. AB - The calmodulin-sensitive Ca2+ -pumping ATPase was purified to virtual homogeneity from erythrocytes. The purified enzyme exists in two functional states, having low and high Ca2+ affinity. Transition from low to high affinity is induced by 1) calmodulin; 2) acidic phospholipids, long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, polyphosphoinositides; and 3) a controlled proteolytic treatment with trypsin or chymotrypsin. The ATPase can be reconstituted into liposomes, where it pumps Ca2+ in exchange for H+ with a stoichiometry to ATP approaching 1. The purified enzyme can be fragmented by trypsin into a number of transient and of limit polypeptides, of which the most interesting from the functional standpoint are the following: 1) a limit polypeptide of Mr 76,000 that contains the active site (i.e., the sequence where the acyl-phosphate is formed); 2) a limit polypeptide of Mr 33,500 that binds the hydrophobic photoactivable label 3-trifluoromethyl-3 (m-(125I-iodophenyl]-diazirine, and is thus presumably the most hydrophobic portion of the molecule; and 3) a transient polypeptide of Mr 90,000 and a limit polypeptide of Mr 25,000-28,000, which specifically bind azido-modified, 125 I labeled calmodulin. The transient 90,000-dalton calmodulin receptor is rapidly degraded to the 81,000-76,000 limit polypeptide. It can be isolated from the other proteolysis products on calmodulin affinity chromatography columns. The isolated 90,000-dalton fragment is a fully competent, calmodulin-sensitive ATPase that pumps Ca2+ into reconstituted liposomes. PMID- 6238848 TI - Role of myosin light chain kinase in muscle contraction. AB - In resting striated muscles of the rabbit muscle in vivo, the phosphorylatable light chain is partially phosphorylated. Tetanic stimulation increased the level of phosphorylation more rapidly in fast twitch than in slow twitch muscle. In both types of muscle the rate of dephosphorylation was relatively slow. In rabbit fast twitch muscles, phosphorylation levels persisted significantly above the resting value for some time after posttetanic potentiation had disappeared. The role of myosin light chain kinase in modulating contractile response in striated muscle is uncertain. In vertebrate smooth muscle the role of myosin phosphorylation appears to be different from that in striated muscle despite the general similarity of the actomyosin system in both tissues. Although phosphorylation in vitro increases the Mg2+ -ATPase of actomyosin, a number of features imply that a somewhat complex relationship exists between the level of phosphorylation and the actin activation of the Mg2+ -ATPase in vertebrate smooth muscle. Contrary to many earlier reports, preparations of smooth muscle actomyosin can be obtained with Mg2+ -ATPase activities comparable to those of actomyosin from skeletal muscle. Preliminary evidence is presented that suggests that phosphorylation changes the Ca2+ sensitivity of the Mg2+ -ATPase of smooth muscle actomyosin. PMID- 6238849 TI - [Legal information in public health]. PMID- 6238850 TI - The role of lasers in infertility surgery. PMID- 6238851 TI - Comparison of Graafian follicle dimensions as determined by static and real-time sector scanning. PMID- 6238852 TI - AIDS: a new concern in dentistry. PMID- 6238853 TI - Educationally sub-normal (mild) children--the neglected ones in dental health education. PMID- 6238854 TI - Epilepsy and the management of dental disease. PMID- 6238855 TI - Induction of nonspecific immunosuppression in a primitive teleost, rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri). AB - Induction of immunological non-reactivity to goldfish red blood cells (GFRBC), sheep red blood cells (SRBC) and to formalin-killed Aeromonas salmonicida cells was obtained in yearling rainbow trout raised under laboratory aquarium conditions (at 10 degrees C). Haemolysin and agglutinin titres were measured 1 to 4 weeks after immunization. While trout immunized with low and high doses of antigen by intramuscular (im) and intraperitoneal (ip) injections produced high antibody titres, administration of high doses of antigen by intravascular (iv) injection induced a state of tolerance which was antigen nonspecific. This lack of response persisted for at least 3 weeks. The phagocytic activity of peritoneal exudate cells from immunosuppressed fish was reduced. The numbers of plaque forming cells amongst peripheral lymphocytes collected from trout receiving a high dose of GFRBC iv was markedly low when compared with those from trout receiving a similar dose ip. These findings are of interest since they demonstrate that the induction of antigen-nonspecific tolerance by iv administration of high doses of antigen in rainbow trout may be due to the generation of nonspecific suppressor cells. PMID- 6238856 TI - Attachment and phagocytosis by salmon macrophages of agarose beads coated with human C3b and C3bi. AB - Agarose beads (diameter 5-10 micron) preincubated in human serum became associated (attached and ingested) to 50-60% of the salmon macrophages within 60 minutes. However, Beads preincubated in serum treated with heating (50 degrees C, 20 min) or with EDTA (10 mM) to inhibit the activation of alternative complement pathway, were not associated to the phagocytes. Furthermore, agarose beads coated with human C3b and C3bi after incubation with isolated complement factors (C3, D, B), were associated to 30-40% of the phagocytes. About 80% of the cell-associated agarose beads was intracellularly located. Conversion by trypsin treatment (0.01%) of agarose bound C3bi to C3d, abolished the association of such beads to the macrophages. The results demonstrate that salmon macrophages possess complement receptors that bind human C3b and C3bi. Agarose beads coated with these ligands (C3b and C3bi) are attached and ingested by the phagocytes. PMID- 6238857 TI - The mixed leukocyte reaction (MLR) in carp: bidirectional and undirectional MLR responses. AB - Two-way and one-way mixed leukocyte reaction (MLR) was demonstrated in peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) of carp. Primary two-way MLR in randomly selected donor pairs were highly variable. Weak primary responses could be strongly augmented by mutual in vivo priming of the reacting donors. One-way MLR was performed using irradiated (16,000 R) allogeneic PBL as stimulators. Reciprocal responses of randomly paired donors were usually unequal, suggesting the usefulness of this method for genetic analysis of MLR-recognized histocompatibility antigens in carp. Kinetics of the primary and secondary two-way MLR were studied, as well as the kinetics of primary one-way MLR against pooled allogenic stimulator cells. PMID- 6238858 TI - Effect of temperature and lymphokines on mixed lymphocyte and mitogen responses of chicken lymphoid cells in vitro. AB - The effect of temperature on T cell mitogen and mixed lymphocyte responses (MLR) of chicken lymphoid cells in vitro was examined. Responses at 40 degrees C were much higher than at 37 degrees C. This difference did not appear to be due only to faster kinetics of the responses at 40 degrees C. At the lower temperature the MLR could be enhanced by polyethylene glycol (PEG) for spleen cells and by Con A induced lymphokines for peripheral blood cells (PBL). The positive effect of PEG on the chicken spleen cell MLR appeared to be determined at the stimulator cell level. Responses to mitogens at 37 degrees C of both spleen cells and PBL were enhanced by lymphokines. PMID- 6238859 TI - Pregnancy rates after laparoscopy for infertility. AB - To obtain prognostic data on the likelihood of pregnancy in infertile women with no observable abnormalities at diagnostic laparoscopy, the occurrence of pregnancy was studied in a series of 229 patients. The cumulative conception rate during a follow-up period of at most 5 yr was 50%. The probability of pregnancy proved to decline with age and duration of infertility. The cumulative conception rate during the first year after laparoscopy was approx. 30%, and there was no significant difference between the patients that were treated with respect to other sub-optimal fertility factors (subfertile group) and the patients in whom no rational treatment could be instituted (unexplained infertility group). Implications of these findings with respect to the treatment of long-term infertility are discussed. Knowledge of pregnancy rates after infertility laparoscopy seems important for the evaluation of results of therapy in unexplained infertility. PMID- 6238860 TI - Sulfated polysaccharides and cell differentiation in the sea urchin embryo. AB - The synthesis of sulfated polysaccharides during the embryonic development of Paracentrotus lividus has been investigated by incorporation of radioactive sulfate, glucose, glucosamine and fucose. The following substances become labelled: fucan sulfate (approximately 60%), heparan sulfate (approximately 20%) and dermatan sulfate (approximately 20%), and possibly a very slight amount of chondroitin sulfate. In animalized and vegetalized embryos, the rate of incorporation is significantly reduced, and furthermore dermatan sulfate is almost absent in animalized embryos. It is concluded that this substance is associated with the differentiation of vegetative cells, possibly the mesenchyme cells. PMID- 6238862 TI - Differentiation of fiber types in wing muscles during embryonic development: effect of neural tube removal. AB - The embryonic precursors of the avian slow (type I and III) and fast (type II) fibers can be distinguished from each other early in muscle formation (stage 28, V. Hamburger and H. L. Hamilton, J. Morphol, 88, 49-92, 1951) on the basis of the differential sensitivity of their myosin ATPases. To test the neural dependence of fiber type differentiation, the source of motor innervation was eliminated by excision of the brachial neural tube at stages 16-18 before muscles are innervated. Removal of the brachial neural tube did not affect the number of primary myotubes in a sample muscle of the forelimb (ulnimetacarpalis dorsalis, UMD) up until stage 36. Myosin ATPase staining at a variety of pHs revealed the typical patterns of fiber types in muscles of neural-tube free embryos in stages 35-37. These muscles included the anterior latissimus dorsi, brachialis, and UMD which showed presumptive type III staining (type IIIEMB), the pronator superficialis and flexor carpi ulnaris which showed embryonic type II staining (type IIEMB), and the triceps brachii muscles which showed characteristic arrangements of both type IEMB and type IIEMB fibers. The normal patterns of type IEMB and type IIEMB myotubes were also seen in muscles containing a heterogeneous mixture of fiber types such as the biceps brachii, extensor metacarpi radialis, and adductor indicis muscles, although the intensity of acid-stable ATPase staining of the type IEMB myotubes in these muscles was lower than in innervated muscles. It is concluded that the earliest differentiation of muscle fiber types is independent of the nervous system. PMID- 6238861 TI - Halomethasone (C 48.401-Ba) for the topical treatment of common dermatoses. AB - C 48.401-Ba cream, containing 0.05% halomethasone was compared in a double-blind between-patients trial with a cream containing 0.1% betamethasone valerate in forty-eight patients suffering from atopic dermatitis and in thirty-nine patients suffering from seborrhoeic dermatitis. A similar comparison was made with ointments containing the same concentration of active ingredient in forty-six patients suffering from atopic dermatitis. Both ointments were also compared in a within-patient double-blind trial in thirty patients suffering from psoriasis. The analysis of the results showed that for the treatment of the above-mentioned dermatoses, both drugs, the cream as well as the ointment, are equally effective and well tolerated. PMID- 6238863 TI - A histochemical and morphological study of skeletal muscle from obese hyperglycaemic ob/ob mice. AB - The histochemical and morphological characteristics of muscles from lean and obese hyperglycaemic ob/ob mice were compared to determine the nature of the low skeletal muscle mass of the latter. Gastrocnemius and biceps brachii muscles from obese ob/ob mice were significantly lighter than those from lean mice, whereas the weights of soleus muscles were not significantly different. The small mass of the biceps brachii muscle resulted from a decrease in diameter of the large glycolytic fast white and fast intermediate fibres and a reduction in the proportion of fast white fibres. The size and frequency of the more oxidative fast red fibres was not different. The histochemical appearance of all fibre types studied from muscles in obese mice was identical to equivalent fibres in lean mice. The fat content of muscles from obese mice was three times greater than in lean mice whereas muscle DNA concentration was similar. PMID- 6238864 TI - Interleukin-1 restores the impaired cytotoxic T lymphocyte generation in beige mutant mouse. AB - Spleen cells from C57BL/6 beige mouse showed significantly lower cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) generation in vitro against allogeneic target cells as compared with spleen cells from the wild type, whereas the heterozygous littermate showed a response similar to that of the wild type. In contrast, the responsiveness of beige spleen cells in the mixed lymphocyte reaction against allogeneic stimulator cells was in the normal range, suggesting that beige spleen cells recognize allogeneic stimulator cells to the same extent as spleen cells from normal mouse, resulting in a significant proliferation. The addition of interleukin 1 (IL-1) containing supernatant from lipopolysaccharide-stimulated J774.1 cells to the culture of spleen cells from beige mouse stimulated with allogeneic cells restored the impaired CTL generation in a dose-dependent manner. The molecules responsible for restoration of the impaired CTL response co-migrated with IL-1 on gel filtration. The addition of purified interleukin 2(IL-2) also augmented the induction of CTL from beige spleen cells. However, the magnitude of augmentation by IL-2 was appreciably lower than that of augmentation by IL-1. These results suggest that the role of IL-1 in the induction of CTL is not only to provide a signal for activated amplifier T cells to release IL-2, but also to magnify otherwise low responsiveness of CTL-precursors and/or CTL-helpers. Moreover, intraperitoneal injection of IL-1 without allo-antigenic stimulation was able to restore the in vitro CTL responsitivity to allo-antigen but not the natural killer cell activity, indicating that IL-1 has a therapeutic potential in vivo for preferentially correcting impaired CTL generation associated with beige mutation. PMID- 6238865 TI - [Medical genetic study of the population of Turkmenia. VI. An analysis of the genetic component of fertility dispersion in the population of Nokhor]. AB - The index of the total opportunity for selection (the Crow index) and the genetic part of total variance in progeny size was studied in small Turkmenian isolated population "Nochur". The average number of children per family in families that had completed their reproductive period was 6.84, the variance being 12.31. The index of total opportunity for selection was computed by the standard method of J. Crow: Jm = 0.313, Jf = 0.454, Jtot = 0.909. Some correlation coefficients of the progeny size were calculated. The sister-sister correlation coefficient was significantly distinguished from 0 and was equal to +0.22. Thus, the genetic part of total variance of the progeny size is 0.4-0.5. It is essential for understanding of the Jf estimation. PMID- 6238866 TI - [Medico-genetic study of the population of Turkmenia. IV. The population geography of hemoglobinopathies]. AB - Large-scale screening for hereditary haemoglobinopathies in five districts and among main Turkmen tribes was carried out. The frequencies of ABO and HP pheno- and genotypes were determined in the same populations. The different kinds of haemoglobinopathies genes were discovered (beta +, beta 0-thalassemia, alpha beta thalassemia, alpha-thalassemia, HPFH, haemoglobins D and E). The geographic and ethnic differentiation of Turkmen population for beta-thalassemia gene was discovered. The FST values were found to be the same for ABO, Hp and beta-thal gene systems. The role of genetic drift in differentiation of Turkmen population is discussed. PMID- 6238867 TI - [Medico-genetic study of the population of Turkmenia. V. A population and demographic description of the Nokhur isolate]. AB - The paper deals with demographic, genealogical and genetic characterization of one Turkmenian isolate--"Nochur". The data on its load of hereditary diseases were published previously. The Turkmenian "Nochurly" tribe consists of 19 large and small clanes. 600 nuclear families live in a small mountain valley of the same name. The share of prereproductive age class is 60%, of reproductive class- 29%, this value for postreproductive class being 11%. The average number of children per family, when the families have completed their reproductive period, is 6.84. The average duration of generation (the mean parental age to the birth time of a mean newborn) is 37.7 and 31 years for a man and woman, respectively. Immigration into Nochur is practically absent, there is a flow of emigrants to the capital of the Republic, Ashkhabad. A very high level of assortative mating has been noted, the minimal estimation of inbreeding coefficient being 0.033 (the pedigree) and the maximal--0.0529 (isonimy). Diminishing of the number of lethal equivalents between 1940-1965 and 1966-1980 was discovered. This can be explained by a decrease in natural selection pressure. The data on distribution of genetic markers of the ABO, MN, Rh, Hp and Pp systems within this isolated population are presented. PMID- 6238869 TI - [Comparative study of hysterosalpingographic findings in the sterile woman]. PMID- 6238868 TI - Expected skin complaints of the geriatric patient. AB - Increased exposure to systemic medications in older patients makes drug reactions a likely cause of skin eruptions. Efforts to increase return of venous blood to the heart is the primary therapeutic and preventive measure in stasis dermatitis. If there is a suggestion of infection, antibiotics are indicated. The dermatitis can be treated with standard therapies. PMID- 6238870 TI - [Hygienic evaluation and improving working conditions at a ampicillin trihydrate plant]. PMID- 6238871 TI - [Prevention of noise in the lumber industry]. PMID- 6238872 TI - [Physiological characteristics of the work of the personnel of a power plant in an arid region]. PMID- 6238873 TI - [Optimization of working conditions in viticulture grafting workshops]. PMID- 6238874 TI - [Current problems in the industrial hygiene of women in modern animal husbandry]. PMID- 6238875 TI - [Characteristics of the working conditions and of the body function of rice growers in mechanized rice harvesting]. PMID- 6238876 TI - [Reproductive function in the female workers at an oil field engineering plant]. PMID- 6238877 TI - [Toxic properties of synthetic naphthenic and alkylbenzoic acids]. PMID- 6238878 TI - [Method and equipment for the automatic control of microbial contamination of recirculating water in textile manufacture]. PMID- 6238879 TI - [Hygienic evaluation of working conditions and indices of the physiological functions of the body in vegetable growers]. PMID- 6238880 TI - Abnormalities of B-cell activation and immunoregulation in patients with Crohn's disease. AB - We have studied B-lymphocyte function in 39 patients with Crohn's disease and 35 normal individuals using a reverse haemolytic plaque assay as the effector system. Ten patients had active Crohn's disease, the others being in an inactive state of the disease. Compared with normal individuals, the Crohn's disease patients - especially those in the active state of the disease - had markedly raised numbers of spontaneous immunoglobulin secreting cells and severely decreased responses to the polyclonal activator pokeweed mitogen. The differences between the reactivity of patients with active disease and those with inactive disease were statistically significant. These findings indicate an in vivo polyclonal B-cell activation in Crohn's disease patients, possibly due to antigen(s) or infectious agent(s). In vitro experiments were performed with separated lymphocytes in order to characterise the mechanism responsible for the altered immune reactivity in Crohn's disease. These revealed an intrinsic B-cell defect as well as an impaired T-helper cell capacity in patients with Crohn's disease. Findings supporting the hypothesis of an increased suppressor activity in Crohn's disease patients could not be observed, and marker analyses revealed normal proportions with the exception of raised Leu 7 positive cells that mediate 'natural killer' and 'killer' cytolysis. We conclude that immune dysfunction in peripheral blood lymphocytes of Crohn's disease patients involves B-cells as well as T-helper cells. PMID- 6238881 TI - Maintenance of platelet viability after platelet-labeling with fluorescein isothiocyanate. AB - Possible effects of an ex vivo fluorescent labeling procedure of blood platelets on the platelet viability were examined by different function tests. The degree of the impairment of the platelet function proved to be principally correlated with the dye concentration used during the labeling procedure. However, the physiological properties of the labeled platelets obviously remain unrestricted by using intraplatelet fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) concentrations below 0.55 mg/10(11) platelets, corresponding to 8.5 X 10(6) FITC molecules bound to one platelet. A procedure for fluorescent labeling of blood platelets is described which is considered to be preferably suitable to prepare platelets for vital microscopic platelet observations. PMID- 6238882 TI - Investigations on platelet function in diabetes mellitus. AB - Investigations on the platelet function in diabetes mellitus were performed on 28 patients with insulin-dependent diabetes and in 33 healthy controls of similar age. In the diabetic patients it was possible to induce 50% of maximal aggregation by lower concentrations of adenosine diphosphate or arachidonic acid than in the controls. In the presence of N-ethyl maleimide, platelets from diabetic patients produced significantly more malondialdehyde than those from normal controls. After addition of arachidonic acid the platelets from the diabetic patients also synthesized more thromboxane B2. This synthesis of thromboxane was inversely correlated to the minimal concentration of arachidonic acid necessary to induce 50% platelet aggregation. Circulating platelet aggregates were more common in the diabetic patients than in the controls. Plasma levels of beta-thromboglobulin and platelet factor 4 were raised in parallel in the diabetic patients and correlated with the increased production of thromboxane B2 by the platelets from the same patients. Platelets from patients with diabetes thus demonstrated signs of hyperreactivity both in vivo and in vitro. This may be of clinical importance for the development of vascular complications in this disease. PMID- 6238883 TI - Transformation of zearalenone and zearalenol by rat erythrocytes. AB - The interconversion of zearalenone and zearalenol by rat erythrocytes in vitro has been investigated. The major metabolite obtained by incubating zearalenone with erythrocytes or whole blood from Sprague-Dawley rats was alpha-zearalenol. beta-Zearalenol was also formed but at levels several times lower than those of alpha-zearalenol. In the cell-free haemolysate NADPH was much more effective than NADH as a co-factor in the reduction of zearalenone. The maximal transformation of zearalenone to zearalenol by haemolysates occurred at pH 8.0. Both NAD+ and NADP+ were effective as co-factors in the oxidation of alpha-zearalenol to zearalenone. However, only NADP+ was effective as a co-factor in the oxidation of beta-zearalenol. Conversion of alpha-zearalenol and beta-zearalenol to the corresponding epimer was observed in both erythrocyte suspensions and in cell free haemolysates. The significance of these findings to the metabolism of zearalenone in vivo is discussed. PMID- 6238884 TI - [Effect of tachycardia on hemodynamics and coronary circulation. Different relevance of ventricular tachycardias for healthy persons, coronary patients and patients with left heart hypertrophy]. AB - Investigations on the haemodynamics, coronary flow and metabolism of tachycardias were carried out in 195 patients during routine diagnostic examinations (left ventricular catheterization; intracardiac electro-physiological studies) from 1974 to 1980. The following measurement methods were used: 1. controlled cardiac electrostimulation to simulate paroxysmal tachycardias (atrial, atrioventricular sequential and ventricular stimulation); 2. intracardiac pressure; 3. cincecardiographic parameters; 4. coronary flow; 5. coronary reserve (dipyridamol vasodilation); 6. cardiac output; 7. myocardial ischaemia; 8. myocardial oxygen consumption. The results are presented as follows: I. Adaptive alterations of arterial pressure and coronary flow with an abrupt start and stop of a tachycardia paroxysm; II. Arterial pressure in the steady state of a tachycardia, metabolic effects, evidence of ischaemia and coronary reserve; III. Effects of a tachycardia on the determinant parameters of the aortic valve function in aortic stenosis before and after aortic valve replacement; IV. Definition of the atrial pump support of the left ventricle during tachycardia. PMID- 6238886 TI - [Systemic lupus erythematosus]. PMID- 6238887 TI - Understanding intra-arterial monitoring. PMID- 6238888 TI - Artificial ventilation. PMID- 6238885 TI - Assessment of systolic ventricular muscle function in man: the end systolic index. AB - Accurate assessment of ventricular muscle contractile function in patients with heart disease is impaired by alterations in afterload, preload and wall thickness which often accompany the disease. The relationship between pressure and volume at end systole is considered to provide a contractile index which is independent of preload and which accounts for afterload. Use of the index prerequisites determinations of the left ventricular end systolic pressure, wall thickness as well as the dimensions or volumes, respectively, which may be assessed with either invasive or noninvasive methods. In patients with aortic stenosis and congestive heart failure, there was a significantly reduced slope (0.9 +/- 0.5) of the end systolic stress-volume relationship as compared with healthy subjects (5.8 +/- 1.3) or patients with aortic stenosis without congestive heart failure (3.9 +/- 1.3), while the ejection fraction showed no significant differences. In patients with mitral regurgitation with no or only minimal symptoms postoperatively, preoperatively the end systolic index (ESS/ESVI) was higher (3.3 +/- 0.4) than in patients with marked symptoms postoperatively or those who died perioperatively (2.2 +/- 0.2) and the values of both patient groups were lower than those of normals. In contrast, the values for ejection fraction among the normals and both groups of patients showed substantial overlap. In patients with aortic insufficiency and congestive heart failure, as opposed to patients with aortic insufficiency and only slight symptoms, there was a significantly compromised ejection fraction as well as diminished end systolic index (ESS/ESVI). Patients with hypertension accompanied by congestive heart failure had a significantly diminished slope of the relationship between end systolic left ventricular stress and volume while the values for hypertensive patients without congestive heart failure were within normal limits; in both groups of patients, the ejection fraction was normal. In patients with mitral stenosis, the end systolic index at 5.28 +/- 0.53 did not differ significantly from that of healthy subjects at 4.87 +/- 0.53, while the velocity of circumferential fiber shortening was diminished. Patients with large atrial septal defects and symptoms of congestive heart failure did not differ with respect to end systolic index or ejection fraction as compared with atrial septum defect patients without symptoms. In children with aortic stenosis and high pressure gradients, there was an increased ejection fraction together with a normal end systolic index.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6238889 TI - [The accessory organs of digestion]. PMID- 6238890 TI - [Cardiac pacemakers]. PMID- 6238891 TI - [Teaching patients after myocardial infarction]. PMID- 6238892 TI - [Concussion]. PMID- 6238893 TI - International Primary Health Care Conference toward tomorrow's world--community care. PMID- 6238895 TI - Serum prolactin (PRL), testosterone (T), dehydroepiandrosterone (D) and dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (D-s) in male uraemic patients on maintenance haemodialysis: effect of bromocriptine. PMID- 6238896 TI - HBsAg-serum protein complexes stimulate immune T lymphocytes more efficiently than do pure HBsAg. AB - HBsAg from plasma of chronic hepatitis B carriers was purified by affinity chromatography using a mouse monoclonal antibody specific for HBsAg. Elution with buffer at two different pH values separated HBsAg into two fractions: one contained high amounts of immune complexes associated with HBsAg; the other contained larger quantities of the HBsAg polypeptides P24 and GP27 and only small amounts of immunoglobulin. When compared for effects on stimulating the proliferative response of freshly isolated lymphocytes and an HBsAg-specific T cell clone, the HBsAg fraction containing a high proportion of immunoglobulin was much more potent than HBsAg with low amounts of immunoglobulins or pure HBsAg, which was isolated from the culture supernatant of the human hepatoma cell line (PLC/PRF/5). The plasma-derived HBsAg with low amounts of complexed immunoglobulins became more immunogenic in the presence of an anti-HBsAg monoclonal IgG. The present results, combined with earlier findings, suggest that HBsAg associated with immune complexes is a more potent stimulator of T cells than purer HBsAg preparations due to an increase in the efficiency of monocytes to capture the antigen through binding to immune complexes for subsequent processing and presentation of the antigen. These observations could be of relevance for the preparation of effective hepatitis B vaccines from recombinant DNA and peptide synthesis technologies. PMID- 6238894 TI - Adrenal androgens in obese boys before and after weight loss. AB - The adrenal steroid secretion was studied in 6 prepubertal obese boys and 6 obese boys at the first stage of sexual maturation according to Tanner. Twelve normal boys, closely matched for age and stage of sexual maturation, were also studied as controls. Pregnenolone and dehydroepiandrosterone plasma levels were found to be significantly (P less than 0.001) higher in both groups when compared with normal boys. All the values, apart from pregnenolone in the prepubertal group, returned to normal after weight loss. Progesterone was found significantly increased (P less than 0.001) in both groups and normal after weight loss. 17-OH progesterone plasma levels showed no significant difference between the obese and control groups. Androstenedione was increased in the prepubertal group before and normal after weight loss; no significant difference was found in the other group. Testosterone and estradiol showed normal values in the two groups both before and after weight loss. Cortisol showed a similar pattern. It can be concluded that an increased cortico-adrenal activity is present in obese boys as already reported in obese girls. This finding could explain the precocious adrenarche which often occurs in these patients. The increased adrenal androgen secretion might be due to an increased cortico adrenal stimulating hormone secretion or to an enhanced adrenal sensitivity to this hypothetical hormone. PMID- 6238897 TI - Pathomorphologic aspects of muscular tissue in diabetes mellitus. AB - Biopsy specimens from the myocardium were examined in a series of 145 patients who had elected coronary arterial bypass grafting. The patients were divided into three groups; 1) overtly diabetic (OD) patients; 2) chemically diabetic (CD) patients, who demonstrated impaired glucose tolerance only when stressed with a sugar load; and 3) normoglycemic, nondiabetic (ND) patients, who served as a control group. Tissue plugs from the left anterior apical segment of the heart and from the quadriceps femoris in 71 patients, for comparative evaluation, were prepared for ultrastructural examination. Findings were as follows: 1) Myocardial hypertrophy and interstitial fibrosis were twin characteristic abnormalities, seen in all but two of the biopsy specimens; capillary endothelial changes, the third most common abnormality, were present in approximately half of these specimens, regardless of the patients' metabolic status. 2) In patients matched by sex, age, weight, blood pressure, preoperative myocardial ventricular function, and coronary arterial integrity, capillary basal laminar thickening represented a pathomorphologic hallmark, distinguishing structural alterations in the diabetic from those in the normoglycemic patient. 3) Although clear-cut and statistically significant thickening of basal laminae was noticeable in OD patients, a) in the quadriceps markedly increased laminar thickening was present in a number of ND patients, rendering interpretation of this change in skeletal muscle as pathognomonic for diabetes doubtful; and b) within cardiac muscle this increase in laminar width was less than that seen in skeletal muscle, leaving the functional implications of this alteration in doubt. 4) Early but statistically significant increases in capillary basal laminar thickening were observed in the myocardium of CD patients; these patients demonstrated impaired glucose tolerance only when stressed with a sugar load, without exhibiting overt diabetic manifestations. 5) In this group of highly selected patients with epicardial coronary arterial disease, the histopathologic profile of the diabetic myocardium did not include distinctive abnormalities sufficient to warrant the designation of "diabetic cardiomyopathy," indicating that coronary arterial bypass grafting can be recommended for the diabetic patient who requires this procedure. PMID- 6238898 TI - Regional mapping of liver type 6 phosphofructokinase isoenzyme on chromosome 21. AB - Among several cases of partial monosomies and full and partial trisomies 21, the enzymatic activity of phosphofructokinase (PFK) is increased only in 21q21--- 21pter trisomy with a (T21/N) ratio equal to 1.35 and decreased in monosomy 21q21 ---21pter. These results suggest that the human gene for liver-type PFK is located between 21q21 and 21pter. PMID- 6238899 TI - Relationship of the variability of the heterochromatic regions of chromosomes 1, 9, 16, and Y to some anthropometric characteristics in children with embryopathies of unknown etiology and in children with Down syndrome. AB - The relationship between variability of the heterochromatic regions of chromosomes 1, 9, 16, and Y, and anthropometric characteristics (length and mass of body, shoulder diameter) in 70 children with embryopathies of unknown etiology and in 40 children with Down syndrome was studied. The positive statistically significant correlations of the C segment lengths of chromosomes 1, 9, 16, their sum included, and the above characteristics were found. The correlation coefficients of Y chromosome were not significant. The questions of the functional role of the structural heterochromatin and its influence on the viability and physical development of the organism are discussed. PMID- 6238900 TI - Membrane potentials, electrolyte contents, cell pH, and some enzyme activities of fibroblasts. AB - The resting membrane potential of the cultured fibroblasts derived from rabbit subcutaneous tissues was -10.2 +/- 0.20 mV (n = 390). This potential was affected by the potassium concentration in the culture medium, but not by other chemical or hormonal preparations, such as dibutyryladenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (0.5 to 5.0 mmol/l), sodium fluoride (10(-5) to 10(-4) M), hydrocortisone (10(-7) to 10(-6) M), parathyroid extract (0.5 to 1.0 U/ml), or thyrotrophin (5 to 10 mU/ml). The Na+, K+, and Cl- concentrations of the cultured fibroblasts were 35.4, 85.7, and 22.6 mmol/l cell water, respectively. The water and protein contents of these cells were 82.1 and 9.18 g/100-g cells, respectively. The intracellular pH of fibroblasts as determined by [14C] dimethyloxazolidine-2, 4 dione, and 3H2O ranged between 6.9 and 7.1 when the pH of the culture medium was maintained at 7.4. The activities of Na+, K+-, HCO3(-)-, and Ca++, Mg++-ATPases in these cultured cells were 19.0 +/- 2.1, 13.6 +/- 2.1, and 6.6 +/- 1.2 nmol pi/mg protein per minute, respectively, and the carbonic anhydrase activity was 0.054 U/mg protein. Calculations based on the values for the membrane potential and the electrolyte concentrations observed in this study indicate that Na+, K+, Cl-, and H+ are not distributed according to their electrochemical gradients across the cell membrane. Na+, Cl-, and H+ are actively transported out of the cells and K+ into the cells. PMID- 6238901 TI - Effect of swimming exercise on rat heart sarcolemmal ATPase activities. PMID- 6238902 TI - [Lymphocytes and lymphocyte subpopulations]. AB - Human lymphocytes can be subdivided in several subgroups by means of their membrane markers. T-lymphocytes, B-lymphocytes and natural killer cells can be enumerated with monoclonal antibodies reacting with surface glycoproteins or with antibodies against surface immunoglobulins. The analysis of the membrane antigens and receptors leads to a better understanding of lymphocyte differentiation from stem cells to immunocompetent mature cells. T-lymphocytes can be subdivided in a helper cell fraction expressing a characteristic T4-antigen and a suppressor cell fraction with the T8-antigen response. Imbalances in the helper/suppressor ratio can be seen in immunodeficiency syndromes as AIDS, in viral infections and autoimmune disorders. The diagnostic relevance of lymphocyte differentiation in several diseases will be discussed. PMID- 6238903 TI - Characterization of functionally distinct subpopulations of rabbit T lymphocytes. AB - Two subpopulations of rabbit spleen and mesenteric lymph node T cells were identified by a monoclonal antibody, 8AC8. These subpopulations were separated on the flow cytometer and were analysed for their response to T cell mitogens and antigens, their responsiveness in mixed lymphocyte cultures, and their ability to function as cytotoxic effector cells. The 8AC8+ T cell subpopulation contained cells highly responsive to T cell mitogens, to antigen, and to allogeneic or autologous stimuli in a mixed lymphocyte reaction. In contrast, the 8AC8- T cell subpopulation was non-responsive to T cell mitogens, and responded, poorly to antigen, and to allogeneic and autologous stimuli in an MLR. Both the 8AC8+ and 8AC8- subpopulations exhibited xenogenic cytotoxic effector function. Thus, the 8AC8 MAb identified a subpopulation of mature differentiated rabbit T cells; these 8AC8+ cells share many of the characteristics of the human OKT4 helper/inducer T cell subpopulation. PMID- 6238904 TI - Effect of irradiation on the precursor, activated and memory suppressor T cells for delayed-type hypersensitivity to sheep erythrocytes in mice. AB - The relative radiosensitivities of precursor (Tsp), activated (Ts) and memory (Tsm) suppressor T cells for delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) to sheep red blood cells (SRBC) were investigated in mice. Spleen cells from CBA mice, primed i.v. with 10(9) SRBC 3-4 days previously, contain specific Ts cells which substantially impair the induction of DTH to SRBC in normal syngeneic recipients. Exposure of mice to 400 rad irradiation 1 day before the priming completely eliminated the subsequent development of Ts cells. In contrast, 3 days after the priming injection, Ts cell activity in mice is resistant to doses higher than 600 rads. Mice primed 40 days previously with 10(9) SRBC contain Ts-cell memory which can be readily recalled by i.p. injection of 10(8) SRBC. The secondary Ts cells which specifically inhibit DTH induction can be demonstrated adoptively in normal recipients. Mice were exposed to various doses of irradiation 40 days after the priming and 1 day before the i.p. injection. Ts memory was significantly reduced by 300 rads and was completely abrogated by 400 rads. The relative radiosensitivities of the three subsets of suppressor T cells are in the order of Tsm = Tsp greater than Ts. PMID- 6238905 TI - In vitro synthesis of IgE by human lymphocytes. IV. Suppression of the spontaneous IgE synthesis by IgE-binding factors secreted by tunicamycin-treated RPMI 8866 cells. AB - It was previously shown that RPMI 8866 cells released IgE-binding factors (IgE BFs) capable of enhancing the spontaneous in vitro synthesis of IgE by purified B lymphocytes isolated from allergic individuals. In the present study, the influence of tunicamycin, an inhibitor of protein glycosylation, on RPMI 8866 cells was investigated with regard to: (i) the expression of surface receptors for IgE; (ii) the release of IgE-BFs into the culture supernatants, and (iii) the biological activity of IgE-BFs. After preincubation for 60 min with tunicamycin (1 microgram/ml), RPMI 8866 cells were cultured for 48 hr in HB 101 serum-free medium; the culture supernatant was then filtered, concentrated, and its biological activity was compared to that of a parallel culture supernatant from untreated RPMI 8866 cells. The results of these experiments indicate that exposure of RPMI 8866 cells to tunicamycin resulted in: (i) a reduction of surface Fc epsilon R; (ii) no effect on the release of IgE-BFs into the culture supernatant, and (iii) the conversion of IgE-potentiating factors into IgE suppressing factors. The latter factors suppressed the IgE secretion by U266 myeloma cells and completely inhibited the activity of IgE-potentiating factors on B lymphocytes from allergic individuals. IgE-BFs secreted by tunicamycin treated cells had no effect on the production of IgG, IgA or IgM by normal or EBV transformed B cells. PMID- 6238906 TI - Depression of direct plaque-forming cell response in mouse spleen cell cultures by aggregated IgG2b-induced factors. AB - Mouse spleen cells were treated with concanavalin A (Con A) or aggregated mouse IgG2b for 48 h in culture. When cells thus treated were added to fresh mouse spleen cell cultures immunized with SRBC they depressed the response of B lymphocytes as measured by enumerating plaque forming cells (PFC) on the fourth day of culture. When supernatant from cells cultured with IgG2b was added to immunized cultures this resulted in depression of PFC generation similar to that observed by addition of treated cells. The depression observed was essentially in the same range as that observed by addition of Con A treated cells or their supernatant. These observations extend previous work suggesting that IgG2b induced PFC depression may result from activation of suppressor T cells with elaboration of soluble suppressor factors. This mechanism of immunomodulation may be important in the pathogenesis of immune complex disorders. PMID- 6238908 TI - Modulation of immune response in vitro and in vivo by human granulocyte factors. AB - The adherence of granulocytes induces secretion of specific granule contents. The secreted proteins were termed granulocyte factors (GF). The experiments in vivo provide evidence that GF play an essential role in the stimulation of PFC in BALB/c mice immunized with SRBC when applied before challenge three times (5 micrograms per mouse), but 50 micrograms per mouse given in the same way diminishes the response. To elucidate this discrepancy, the effect of GF on the generation of suppressor cells (SC) and helper cells (HC) in vitro has been investigated. Antigen specific nonadherent SC or HC were induced in vitro using CBA mice spleen cells incubated with 100 micrograms/ml or 0.1 mg/ml of TNP-KLH, respectively, for 4 days. GF in concentrations of 0.1 to 1 microgram/ml abolish antigen specific SC generation. SC and HC activity was tested in cooperative cultures. Antigen specific SC in delayed hypersensitivity (DTH) to BCG were induced in an in vitro system as above using normal BALB/c spleen cells and 100 micrograms/ml PPD. Nonadherent suppressor cells were transferred intravenously into cyclophosphamide (CY)-treated syngeneic recipients. The recipients were immunized to BCG immediately after the cell transfer. DTH was measured by foot pad reaction. This reaction was positive to PPD in CY treated mice immunized to BCG, while it was suppressed by the transfer of in vitro induced SC. When the SC were induced in the presence of 1 microgram/ml GF, the suppression was abrogated. The higher GF concentrations stimulated SC activities when they were measured in response to a nonrelated antigen and in specific anti-PPD response, but the HC inhibition could not be excluded.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6238907 TI - Inhibition of in vitro immunosuppressive effects of glucocorticosteroids by a competitive antagonist RU-486. AB - The 19-nor-steroid RU-486 is an antagonist of glucocorticosteroids acting competitively at the receptor level. Pharmacological and endocrinological studies have already shown that RU-486 is able to reverse glucocorticosteroid effects. The present study shows that RU-486 can counteract the inhibitory effect of glucocorticosteroids in two highly corticoid-sensitive in vitro immune responses: murine in vitro antibody response and human autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction. PMID- 6238909 TI - Distribution of acid alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase among human T lymphocyte subsets. AB - Human T lymphocyte subsets, identified by means of OKT3, 4 and 8 monoclonal antibodies, were isolated by a fluorescence activated cell sorter (FACS IV) and analyzed for distribution of alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase (ANAE) activity. As compared to OKT8+ lymphocytes a higher proportion of OKT4+ lymphocytes was ANAE positive exhibiting a spot or dot-like pattern in the cytoplasm. OKT8 and 4 positive subsets showed a similar ANAE distribution in diffuse granular form. Although OKT4 and OKT8 populations presented a different ANAE dot-like reactivity, this marker did not allow as clear a distinction between them as that reported for TG and TM lymphocytes. PMID- 6238910 TI - Left ventricular mass reduction during salt depletion in arterial hypertension. AB - Long-term therapy with antihypertensive agents that reduce sympathetic nervous system activity has been demonstrated by echocardiographic measurements to reverse left ventricular hypertrophy. This investigation evaluated the effects of salt depletion obtained by both chlorthalidone (25 mg/day) and severe restriction of salt intake (about 1016 mg Na+/day) on left ventricular mass (LVM) in as short a time as 12 weeks. Before the study, the patients had been off medication and on a balanced diet without salt restriction for at least 2 weeks; they were then randomly allocated to either the diuretic or low-salt regimen for 6 weeks and finally to alternative treatment according to a crossover model. Blood pressure, body weight, myocardial mass, and noninvasive measurements of left ventricular function (LVF) were determined at baseline and at the end of both periods of treatment. Results were evaluated by two-way analysis of variance in randomized blocks. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure and LVM were significantly and similarly reduced by diuretic therapy or salt restriction. A significant correlation was demonstrated between noninvasive measurements of LVM, expressed as cross-sectional area, and systolic blood pressure. No impairment of LVF could be detected over the treatment period. PMID- 6238912 TI - Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty in patients with prior coronary bypass surgery. PMID- 6238911 TI - Extracellular stimulation by serum proteins required for maximal intracellular killing of microorganisms by mouse peritoneal macrophages. AB - Intracellular killing of catalase-positive Staphylococcus aureus by resident mouse peritoneal macrophages was very low in the absence of serum but maximal in the presence of fresh normal serum. A large proportion of catalase-negative Streptococcus pyogenes were killed in the absence of extracellular serum, and maximal killing was reached only when serum was present extracellularly. Further investigations revealed that stimulation of intracellular killing by extracellular serum is dependent on the interaction of immunoglobulin G and Fc receptors and of complement component C3b with C3b receptors in the macrophage membrane. PMID- 6238913 TI - Induction of suppressor T cells in culture--I. Cell-cell interactions. AB - The present study was designed to examine the cellular requirements for the generation of the suppressor T cells induced in the presence of fetal calf serum in culture. When C57Bl/6 mouse spleen cells were cultured for 4-5 days, these precultured cells were shown in mixing experiments to suppress the generation of cytotoxic effector cells (CTL) against allogeneic P815 cells or the generation of anti-SRBC humoral response by freshly explanted C57Bl/6 spleen cells. Spleen cells cultured in the presence of silica (0.5 mg) for 4 days, did not develop suppressor activity. However, when silica was added 3 days after the start of the suppressor generation culture, the development of suppressor cells was only slightly affected, although the phagocytic activity of these spleen cells was still totally abolished. When plastic or G-10 Sephadex column nonadherent spleen cells were cultured alone for 4-5 days, these cells did not suppress the generation of CTL or anti-SRBC humoral response. When the nonadherent spleen cells were cultured with plastic adherent spleen cells, however, suppressor cells developed and the suppressor activity of these cells was dependent on the number of adherent spleen cells co-cultured with the non-adherent spleen cells. This activity of the adherent spleen cells was insensitive to treatment with anti-Thy 1.2 serum plus complement and to X-irradiation. Furthermore, adherent PEC could not substitute for adherent spleen cells, indicating a possible tissue specificity for the macrophages in the adherent cell fraction which can function in supporting and/or accelerating the differentiation of "immature" suppressor T cells. Finally, culture-induced suppressor T cells were sensitive to X irradiation and their activity was refractory to IL2 (TCGF), whereas the activity of alloantigen-induced suppressor cells was sensitive to IL2. PMID- 6238914 TI - Induction of suppressor T cells in culture--II. Modification by adriamycin. AB - The present study was designed to examine the effects of Adriamycin treatment of spleen donor mice on the subsequent generation of the suppressor T cells induced in culture in the presence of fetal calf serum. When mice treated with Adriamycin (5 mg/kg; i.v.) 5 days before sacrifice were used as donors of the spleen cells, the suppressive activity which developed in culture was somewhat greater than that which developed with spleen cells from untreated mice; particularly in terms of suppression of PFC development. The suppressive activities of the cultured spleen cells from untreated and treated mice were equally sensitive to X irradiation and anti-Thy 1.2 antibody plus complement treatment. When only those cells which were nonadherent to plastic were used in the suppressor generation culture, suppression did not develop until day 6 of culture. Again, cells from Adriamycin treated mice developed somewhat greater suppressive activity than that which developed with cells from untreated mice. The effects of Adriamycin treatment of the mice on the subsequent development of suppressive activity in culture was also dependent upon the day of drug administration. Finally, spleen cells from Adriamycin treated mice, also, developed somewhat greater suppressive activity in response to alloantigen but when used as the source of progenitor cytotoxic T cells they were less sensitive to suppression; particularly by alloantigen-induced suppressor cells. Possible correlation between Adriamycin induced modifications of both the development and function of suppressor T cells in culture and its reported modifications of CTL and phagocytic activities are discussed. PMID- 6238915 TI - Workers' health on the new "long march": occupational health in the People's Republic of China. AB - China's drive to modernize its economy will produce new occupational health problems even as it resolves earlier ones. Well aware of this, Chinese occupational health experts are intensifying efforts to improve workers' health and establish a modern occupational health program. Occupational lung disease, occupational cancer, heavy metal poisoning, industrial chemical poisoning, and physical factor-induced diseases (noise and heat) have all been targeted for expanded research which will serve as a basis for standard setting. Hazard control efforts include engineering controls, particularly in new construction, limited use of personal protective equipment, and expansion of environmental and medical monitoring. Worker education and professional activities have been expanded. International exchanges have been initiated and will prove occupational health a promising area of scientific cooperation. PMID- 6238916 TI - Recent advances in hormonal aspects of acne vulgaris. PMID- 6238917 TI - Antimicrobial properties of gentamicin on the skin. PMID- 6238918 TI - Gamma-rays inactivate phi X174 DNA in frozen anoxic solutions at -20 degrees C mainly by reactions of dry electrons. PMID- 6238919 TI - Augmentative communication--an approach for the severely physically handicapped person without oral speech. AB - Many individuals are unable to communicate, due to severe neuromuscular impairments. In the past they were assessed by the speech pathologist for their ability to produce oral speech. When the oral musculature and respiratory system were found to be too weak to support sustained phonation for speech, they did not receive further treatment. This severe dysarthria resulted in unintelligible or no useful speech. Both children and adults experienced the extreme frustration of no human communication despite, in many cases, their intact intellectual functioning. Augmentative communication offers supplementary systems for these individuals to express their thoughts and resume or begin some measure of a productive life. This article describes the potential of speechless individuals, the assessment process, some of the existing technology and the role of health care professionals in this new field. PMID- 6238920 TI - [Teratogenicity of isotretinoin]. PMID- 6238921 TI - [Abdominal wall replacement plasty with a myocutaneous flap as an alternative in laparotomy following radiation damage]. PMID- 6238923 TI - Effect of intravenous midazolam on breathing pattern and chest wall mechanics in human. AB - Breathing pattern, thoracoabdominal motion, and separate end-expiratory positions of the rib cage and abdomen were measured noninvasively in eight healthy subjects before and after intravenous administration of either placebo or midazolam, a short-acting benzodiazepine. Compared with placebo, midazolam produced a significant (P less than 0.01) decrease in mean inspiratory flow of 29% from preinjection values, resulting in a 39% reduction in tidal volume (VT). This ventilatory depression was partly compensated by a 35% decrease in expiratory time producing an increase in respiratory rate (+39%). The fall in VT was almost entirely (91%) mediated by a reduction of the abdominal contribution to tidal breathing while sparing rib cage motion. This fact contrasts with the effects of inhalational anesthetics or morphine, which preferentially depress rib cage expansion, indicating that thoracoabdominal motion may selectively be depressed by different pharmacological agents. In addition, continuous recording of end expiratory levels showed a significant transient fall in the rib cage's end-tidal position 2 min after midazolam administration associated with the occurrence of central apneas. PMID- 6238922 TI - Preservation of fixed anionic sites in the GBM in the acute proteinuric phase of cationic antigen mediated in-situ immune complex glomerulonephritis in the rat. AB - Cationic antigens have been observed to bind with the negatively charged glomerular basement membrane (GBM). Using the cationic reagent polyethyleneimine (PEI), the distribution of glomerular anionic sites was evaluated ultrastructurally in the early stage (2 h-day 7) of cationic antigen mediated in situ immune complex formation type glomerulonephritis (GN) in the rat. Renal perfusion via the renal artery with 100 micrograms of cationized human IgG(pI greater than 9.5), followed by the i.v. injection of specific antibodies, led to an initial increase in urinary albumin excretion, subsequent massive globulinuria and the formation of numerous subepithelial deposits on day 7. The most striking alteration in glomerular anionic sites was observed on the epithelial cell surface coat; the PEI deposition on the epithelial cell surface was almost identical to that in control glomeruli at 2 and 4 h after the induction of GN; thereafter, on day 7, a broad loss of anionic sites was observed on flattened epithelial foot processes. In contrast, fixed anionic sites of the laminae rarae of the GBM showed no apparent alterations in the distribution and number from 2 h to day 7 and did not disappear even in the lamina rara externa adjacent to subepithelial deposits. These findings not only show that fixed anionic sites of the GBM, in contrast to the rapid decrease in those of the epithelial cell surface, are not completely neutralized or destroyed even in GN, in which cationic antigen participates in the in-situ formation of GBM-deposits.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6238924 TI - Early recovery from hypoxic pulmonary hypertension: a structural and functional study. AB - This study follows the recovery during 1 mo in ambient air from the hemodynamic and structural changes found in Sprague-Dawley rats after 2 wk of hypobaric hypoxia. In the time studied there is some degree of recovery for all features analyzed. The only features that completely return to normal are hematocrit level, new muscle in arteries at alveolar wall level, medial thickness of intra acinar arteries, and density of filled arteries. For some features much of the recovery is early or rapid; for other features the recovery is late or slow. The rapid changes, occurring within two days of removal from hypoxia, include a fall in pulmonary arterial pressure (36.6 +/- 1.5 to 30.1 +/- 1.1 mmHg), a drop in hematocrit (61.1 +/- 1.3 to 53.0 +/- 1.0%), and the disappearance of new muscle, as judged by light microscopy from many arteries at alveolar wall (39.5 +/- 4.9 to 17.7 +/- 4.0%) and alveolar duct (85.9 +/- 2.5 to 68.2 +/- 3.4%) levels. The slow recovery includes the decrease in right ventricular and arterial medial hypertrophy, disappearance of muscle from respiratory bronchiolar arteries, reduction in lung volume, and increased density of filled arteries. These slow changes are probably the response to a fall in pulmonary arterial pressure. PMID- 6238925 TI - Breathing affects venous return from legs in humans. AB - It is conventionally believed that venous return to the heart increases during inspiration through the combined effect of the fall in intrathoracic pressure and the squeezing of the splanchnic veins by diaphragm descent. In the present study we have tested the hypothesis that in humans venous return from the legs decreases, rather than increases, during inspiration as a result of the rise in abdominal pressure. Ten normal subjects were examined in recumbent posture during various respiratory maneuvers. Venous return from the legs was monitored using an ultrasonic flow recorder (Doppler effect) placed over the femoral veins. Quiet inspiration was associated with a fall in femoral venous blood flow which, for the 10 subjects, averaged (mean +/- SE) 65 +/- 11% of the end-expiratory value. There was, however, a substantial variability between subjects, which could be largely explained by differences in abdominal pressure swings (delta Pab). In fact when the subjects voluntarily changed their patterns of inspiratory muscle use, the amount of fall in femoral blood flow during inspiration varied in proportion to the diaphragmatic contribution to tidal volume and delta Pab; i.e., flow decreased more as the diaphragm contributed more to inspiration and the rise in Pab was greater. During "pure" diaphragmatic breathing flow always ceased completely, whereas during predominantly rib cage inspiration flow increased rather than decreased. Isovolume belly-in maneuvers and gentle external compression of the abdomen also caused cessation of femoral blood flow, indicating that diaphragmatic contraction is not mandatory for venous return from the legs to be impeded during inspiration.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6238926 TI - Structure and conformation of epimers derived from the antibiotic teicoplanin. AB - Basic hydrolyses carried out on the glycopeptide antibiotic teicoplanin or its acidic hydrolysis products give rise to epimeric species which retain little antibiotic activity. The detailed structure of a sample epimer has been determined using 1H NMR spectroscopy. PMID- 6238927 TI - Teicoplanin, antibiotics from Actinoplanes teichomyceticus nov. sp. VI. Chemical degradation: physico-chemical and biological properties of acid hydrolysis products. AB - Teicoplanin is an antibiotic complex consisting of five closely related factors, T-A2-1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 and a more polar factor, T-A3-1. By controlled acid hydrolysis the complex is transformed into pseudoaglycones and finally into a single aglycone with consecutive removal of three sugar units. Quantitative determination of sugars obtained by degradative reactions and NMR/LC-MS studies on suitable derivatives confirmed that all the components carry one N-acyl-D glucosamine and that at least two of them are characterized by N-decanoyl and N undecanoyl chains on the D-glucosamine unit. The hydrolysis products still possess in vitro and in vivo activity. PMID- 6238928 TI - In-vitro activity of norfloxacin against Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. PMID- 6238930 TI - Pharmacokinetics of norfloxacin in renal failure. PMID- 6238929 TI - Observations on the toxicity of the combination of gentamicin and mezlocillin in the treatment of patients with acute leukaemia. AB - In a retrospective study we have compared the toxic side effects related to the use of two antibiotic regimens in the treatment of febrile episodes in neutropenic, leukaemic patients undergoing first remission-induction. Nephrotoxicity was more severe in the gentamicin-mezlocillin (G/M) group: four patients developed oliguric renal failure and two others showed rises in the serum creatinine of more than 0.03 mmol/l. One of the two patients in the gentamicin-ticarcillin (G/T) group who showed nephrotoxicity developed renal failure. Ototoxicity and skin rashes were more commonly observed with G/M than with G/T, and the differences were statistically significant for both ototoxicity (P = 0.0004) and drug rashes (P = 0.02). The cause of the observed differences in toxicity has not been identified. PMID- 6238931 TI - In-vitro activity of enoxacin, ofloxacin, norfloxacin and nalidixic acid. AB - The in-vitro activity of enoxacin, ofloxacin, norfloxacin and nalidixic acid was determined against 1499 Gram-negative and 279 Gram-positive isolates from different clinical institutions in the Federal Republic of Germany. 90% of all Enterobacteriaceae were inhibited by 0.5 mg/l. Glucose non-fermenting Gram negative rods and staphylococci were less sensitive to all 4-quinolones. All Gram negative strains selected for resistance to nalidixic acid were significantly less sensitive to the new generation of 4-quinolones tested. PMID- 6238932 TI - The pharmacokinetics and tissue penetration of enoxacin and norfloxacin. AB - Two new quinoline compounds, enoxacin (600 mg) and norfloxacin (400 mg) were administered consecutively to six healthy male volunteers. The levels of the two agents were measured in serum, urine and blister fluid. The mean peak serum level of enoxacin was 3.7 mg/l and attained at a mean time of 1.9 h after administration; the mean peak serum level of norfloxacin was 1.45 mg/l at a mean time of 1.5 h. The mean serum half-lives were 6.2 h for enoxacin and 3.25 h for norfloxacin. Both agents penetrated blister fluid well and reached maximum levels of 2.9 mg/l (for enoxacin) and 1.0 mg/l (for norfloxacin). The 24 h urinary recovery of enoxacin of 61% was about twice that of norfloxacin. No adverse effects of either agent were observed. The data suggest that enoxacin might be used as a once daily dose for the treatment of urinary tract infections, but twice daily for the treatment of susceptible pathogens causing systemic (as against urinary) infections. PMID- 6238933 TI - Chronic illness and the family physician. PMID- 6238934 TI - Headache: an approach to the pediatric patient. PMID- 6238936 TI - Marketing and health care. PMID- 6238935 TI - Acromioclavicular separation--a plea for conservative treatment. PMID- 6238937 TI - Sudden cardiac death. PMID- 6238938 TI - Arbovirus meningoencephalitis in children. PMID- 6238939 TI - Computed tomography in facial bone fractures: Le Fort classification. PMID- 6238940 TI - Liquid chromatographic assay of ascorbic acid, niacinamide, pyridoxine, thiamine, and riboflavin in multivitamin-mineral preparations. AB - A simple and rapid method is presented for the liquid chromatographic assay of ascorbic acid, niacinamide, pyridoxine, thiamine, and riboflavin from a single chromatogram. Ion-pair chromatography with a reverse phase C18 cartridge in a radial compression system is used. Quantitation is excellent with a total analysis time of less than 20 min. A mobile phase of methanol-water (15 + 85) (0.005M heptanesulfonic acid) with 0.5% triethylamine at pH 3.6 and a flow rate of 2.0 mL/min gives the most satisfactory separation of the 5 water-soluble vitamins. By using 2 detectors in series set at different wavelengths and sensitivities, all 5 vitamins, with peak heights on scale, can be measured from a single injection; peak elution order is ascorbic acid, niacinamide, pyridoxine, thiamine, and riboflavin. Ascorbic acid is measured at 254 nm and the other vitamins, at 280 nm. The amount of amine modifier in the mobile phase is critical to the separation of niacinamide and pyridoxine. Recoveries of 5 water-soluble vitamins from spiked placebos were in the range of 98.2-102.0%. Confidence limits, +/- 3 SD, were in the range of 1.0-5.4%. Overall, the results obtained using the liquid chromatographic method show excellent agreement with manual methods and automated analysis. PMID- 6238941 TI - Liquid chromatographic determination of benzoyl peroxide in acne preparations. AB - A rapid, precise, and accurate liquid chromatographic (LC) method is described for the determination of benzoyl peroxide (BP) in acne preparations. BP is extracted from a water dispersion of the preparation with dichloromethane (DCM), and an aliquot is eluted from a C-18 reverse phase LC column with acetonitrile 0.10 M aqueous NaClO4. Selective and sensitive quantitation is accomplished with a reductive mode electrochemical detector. This detector is an order of magnitude more sensitive than a 240 nm UV absorption detector; the lower limit of detection is 2 ng for a 4 microL injection. The recovery of BP is 99.4% and the detector response is linear to at least 2 micrograms per 4 microL injection. PMID- 6238942 TI - Mycotoxins in grain dust: method for analysis of aflatoxins, ochratoxin A, zearalenone, vomitoxin, and secalonic acid D. AB - A multimycotoxin method is presented to quantitate aflatoxins, ochratoxin A, zearalenone, secalonic acid D, and vomitoxin in grain dust. Dust spiked with these mycotoxins was extracted sequentially with methylene chloride followed by acetonitrile-water (86 + 14). Vomitoxin was recovered in the latter extract and all other mycotoxins were recovered in the methylene chloride. Aflatoxins and ochratoxin were quantitated by fluorescence measurement on silica thin layer chromatographic plates. The other mycotoxins were quantitated after cleanup by reverse phase liquid chromatography and ultraviolet detection. Recoveries from dust spiked in the parts per billion (ng/g) range were approximately 80% (SD = 15 29%) for all mycotoxins. Minimum detectable amounts ranged from less than 0.5 ng/g for aflatoxins to 20 ng/g for zearalenone. PMID- 6238944 TI - Q/R ratio in lead a VR--diagnostic of RVH of chronic cor pulmonale. PMID- 6238943 TI - Rapid, sensitive liquid chromatographic method for determination of zearalenone and alpha- and beta-zearalenol in wheat. AB - A rapid, sensitive liquid chromatographic (LC) method is described for quantitative determination of zearalenone and alpha- and beta-zearalenol in wheat. The procedure incorporates an internal standard, zearalenone oxime, to facilitate quantitation and automated analysis. A sample, buffered with pH 7.8 phosphate, is extracted with water-ethanol-chloroform (2 + 50 + 75) and cleaned up. The final residue is dissolved in LC mobile phase and injected onto a reverse phase RP-18 column under the following conditions: water-methanol-acetonitrile (5 + 3 + 2) mobile phase; fluorescence (excitation wavelength 236 nm, 418 nm cut-off emission filter) and UV (254 nm, range 0.0025 AU) detectors. The limit of detectability (twice background) is 0.5 ng for zearalenone and alpha-zearalenol standards on the fluorescence detector and 4 ng for beta-zearalenol on the UV detector, which is equivalent to 20 micrograms zearalenone and 20 micrograms alpha-zearalenol/kg, and 160 micrograms beta-zearalenol/kg feed. Standard curves are linear over the range 0-35 ng zearalenone and alpha-zearalenol on the fluorescence detector and 0-50 ng beta-zearalenol on the UV detector. Recoveries of all compounds are 87.5-101% in the range 0.1-3.0 mg/kg (ppm). PMID- 6238945 TI - Nitrogen regulation of amino acid utilization by Neurospora crassa. AB - The production of an extracellular deaminase activity involved with the utilization of amino acids as sole sources of nitrogen is under the control of the nit-2 locus of Neurospora crassa. This locus is the sole major nitrogen regulatory locus described for N. crassa and is believed to encode a positive effector required for induction of activities involved with the utilization of alternate nitrogen sources. Production of deaminase activity requires the lifting of nitrogen metabolite repression, the presence of a functional nit-2 gene product, and specific induction by amino acids. Additional parameters of enzyme production are described. PMID- 6238946 TI - Regulation of amino acid utilization in Neurospora crassa: effect of nmr-1 and ms 5 mutations. AB - The effect of the nmr-1 and ms-5 mutations, which lead to insensitivity to glutamine-mediated nitrogen metabolite repression, was examined with respect to extracellular deaminase production by Neurospora crassa. Deaminase production normally requires nitrogen limitation, but these mutations eliminated this requirement and allowed production of deaminase activity under nitrogen metabolite repressing conditions. Demonstration of normal glutamine transport by both strains eliminated the possibility that these mutations exerted their effects through repressor exclusion. We have proposed a new working model for nitrogen regulation in Neurospora based on the findings that these mutations affected a nitrogen-regulated activity in addition to those activities originally reported and that the mutations are genetically very closely linked and likely allelic. PMID- 6238947 TI - Effects of D-erythrose on nitrogenase activity in whole filaments of Anabaena sp. strain 7120. AB - D-Erythrose, which has been shown to enhance nitrogenase activity (acetylene reduction) by isolated heterocysts, was studied for its effects on nitrogenase activity and nitrite uptake by whole filaments of Anabaena sp. strain 7120. D Erythrose had little effect on acetylene reduction in the light; however, at a concentration of 10 mM, it could restore 3'-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1',1'-dimethyl urea-inhibited or dark-limited levels to light-supported levels. Sucrose, glucose, or fructose did not exhibit similar effects. D-Erythrose had little effect on nitrite uptake, an indirect measure of nitrite reductase activity by nitrate-grown whole filaments. It was concluded that erythrose effects were mediated by heterocysts and were therefore specific for nitrogenase. PMID- 6238948 TI - In vivo evidence for the role of the epsilon subunit as an inhibitor of the proton-translocating ATPase of Escherichia coli. AB - The function of the epsilon subunit of the Escherichia coli proton-translocating ATPase has been examined by using a mutant defective in the uncC gene. Strains with a defective uncC gene show a reduction in both growth yield and growth rate that is more severe than for other unc mutants; this deleterious effect is shown to be a result of the ATPase activity of the F1 complex which is missing the epsilon subunit. In addition, the epsilon-deficient F1 is bound less tightly to the membrane. These data suggest that, in vivo, the epsilon subunit is capable of inhibiting the ATPase activity of F1 and also functions in the binding of F1 to F0. PMID- 6238949 TI - Plasminogens Tochigi II and Nagoya: two additional molecular defects with Ala-600 ---Thr replacement found in plasmin light chain variants. AB - Previous studies in our laboratories (Miyata, T., et al. (1982) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S. 79, 6132-6136) showed that the structural defect in a hereditarily abnormal plasminogen, plasminogen Tochigi, is due to replacement of Ala by Thr at position 600 from the NH2-terminal end. In the present studies, two abnormal plasminogens, plasminogens Tochigi II and Nagoya, obtained from other family members were analyzed to identify the structural impairment in these molecules. Amino acid sequence analysis of one of the tryptic peptides isolated, respectively, from plasminogens Tochigi II and Nagoya indicated that in both cases, Ala-600 (equivalent to Ala-55 of the chymotrypsin numbering system) had been replaced by Thr. No other substitutions at the active site and substrate binding site residues, namely, His-57, Asp-102, Ser-195, and Asp-189, were found in the plasmin light chain variants, indicating that all these residues are intact. Moreover, the NH2-terminal heptapeptide sequences of the plasmin light chain variants isolated from plasminogens Tochigi II and Nagoya were identical to the sequence determined for the normal control. These results indicate that the absence of proteolytic activity of both abnormal molecules is due to the same amino acid substitution as that of previously reported plasminogen Tochigi. PMID- 6238950 TI - Protein S is essential for the activated protein C-catalyzed inactivation of platelet-associated factor Va. AB - The prothrombin-converting activity of Factor Xa was enhanced by thrombin stimulated Factor V-deficient platelets and supplementary extraneous Factor Va, and also by thrombin-stimulated normal human platelets. Both extraneous Factor Va and intra-platelet Factor Va were equally inactivated by a gamma-carboxyglutamic acid-containing plasma protease, activated protein C. However, a relatively larger amount of activated protein C was required for efficient inactivation of platelet-associated Factor Va as compared with the amount of activated protein C needed for inactivation of phospholipid vesicle-associated Factor Va. Protein S, another gamma-carboxyglutamic acid-containing plasma protein, increased the rate of the inactivation of platelet-associated Factor Va about 25-fold. This stimulating effect was observed only slightly with the thrombin-modified protein S. Thus, it was concluded that protein S is essential for the process of inactivation of platelet-associated Factor Va by activated protein C. PMID- 6238951 TI - Identification of the nucleotide-binding site for ATP synthesis and hydrolysis in mitochondrial soluble F1-ATPase. AB - The binding of ADP to mitochondrial soluble F1-ATPase was studied by a membrane filtration method. One mol of F1, which contained about 1 mol of tightly bound adenine nucleotide, bound 4 mol of [alpha-32P]ADP at a saturating concentration of [alpha-32P]ADP. Two mol of the bound [alpha-32P]ADP was readily exchanged with medium nonradioactive ADP while the remaining 2 mol of the bound [alpha-32P] ADP was hardly exchanged (tightly bound [alpha-32P]ADP). F1 catalyzed the synthesis of [alpha-32P]ATP from the medium [alpha-32P]ADP and Pi. However, when exchangeably bound [alpha-32P]ADP was replaced by nonradioactive ADP, no [alpha 32P] ATP formation was observed. Furthermore, tightly bound [alpha-32P]ADP was not released from F1 during ATP hydrolysis catalyzed by the enzyme. These results indicate that both ATP synthesis and hydrolysis catalyzed by F1 occur at the exchangeable binding site and not at the tight binding site on the enzyme. PMID- 6238953 TI - Calorimetric studies of the mechanism of the Ca2+-ATPase reaction of sarcoplasmic reticulum. AB - The ATP hydrolysis catalyzed by sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles prepared from rabbit skeletal muscle was studied at 6 degrees C by microcalorimetry in parallel with measuring the extent of hydrolysis (xi ATP) and the level of the phosphorylated intermediate (E approximately P) of the Ca2+-ATPase (xi EP) in the reaction medium. In order to assign whether the formation or decomposition of E approximately P is responsible for the liberation of protons upon ATP hydrolysis, buffers with different heats of protonation (delta H buffer) were used. They were 3-(N-morpholino)propanesulfonic acid (MOPS, delta H buffer = -21.0 kJ X mol-1) and 1,3-bis[tris(hydroxymethyl)methylamino]propane (BTP, delta H buffer = -43.4 kJ X mol-1). The apparent heats of the overall ATP hydrolysis coupled to Ca2+ uptake (delta HATP/Ca) in MOPS and BTP were -36.2 and -61.1 kJ X mol-1, respectively. These values together with the values of delta H buffer give an estimate of 1.1 mol of protons released on hydrolysis of 1 mol of ATP coupled to Ca2+ uptake. This H+/ATP ratio is in good agreement with that determined by pH measurement (Kodama, T., Kurebayashi, N., & Ogawa, Y. (1980) J. Biochem. 88, 1259 1265). From the values of observed heat, xi ATP, xi EP, and delta HATP/Ca in MOPS buffered medium, the heat of E approximately P formation was calculated to be + 56 kJ X mol-1, which was very similar to that obtained for BTP-buffered medium.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6238952 TI - Effect of dimethylsulfoxide on ATP synthesis by mitochondrial soluble F1-ATPase. AB - F1-ATPase isolated from bovine heart mitochondria catalyzes the synthesis of enzyme-bound ATP from externally added ADP and Pi in the presence of dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) (Sakamoto, J. & Tonomura, Y. (1983) J. Biochem. 93, 1601 1614). When the concentration of DMSO in the reaction medium was decreased from 40% to 10% (w/v), the maximal amount of ATP formed decreased from 0.50 to 0.14 mol/mol F1 and the Pi concentration required for the half-maximal amount of ATP formed increased from 0.7 to 11 mM. On the other hand, the ADP concentration required for the half-maximal value and the rate of ATP formation were unaffected by the decrease in the DMSO concentration. These results suggest that DMSO increases the affinity of F1 and Pi and shifts the equilibrium from the enzyme ADP-Pi complex to the enzyme-ATP complex during the ATP synthesis. PMID- 6238954 TI - An efficient exchange method for alkali light chain in myosin subfragment. AB - The alkali light chain, A2, in subfragment-1 (S-1) was exchanged with A1 added externally in NH4 + -NH3 buffer (pH 9.9). The exchange yield was higher than 80% using only 2-fold molar excess of A1 over S-1 containing A2. The ATPase activities of the exchanged S-1 (A1) were the same as those of untreated S-1 (A1). The method was also applicable to exchanging the alkali light chains in myosin. PMID- 6238955 TI - Solubilization and reconstitution of a lysosomal H+-pump. AB - H+-ATPase was solubilized from the lysosomal membranes of rat liver with lysophosphatidylcholine. The detergent was removed with Biobeads SM2, and the proteoliposomes were prepared by rapid dilution of a mixture of the solubilized ATPase, octyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside and liposomes. The proteoliposomes exhibited ATP-dependent fluorescence quenching of quinacrine and bis(3-phenyl-5-oxoisoxasol 4-yl)pentamethine oxonol. These results suggested that the electrogenic lysosomal H+-pump was solubilized and reconstituted into proteoliposomes. PMID- 6238956 TI - Hysteretic regulation of Ustilago rec1 protein during synapsis. AB - rec1 protein slowly loses activity in synaptic pairing reactions. The explanation for this result would appear to be that the overall reaction is limited by a slow transition of the protein to an inactive state. When preincubated with single stranded DNA and ADP, rec1 protein forms a dead-end complex that is unable to promote homologous pairing. Its pairing activity can be restored by lowering the temperature for several minutes or can be maintained if duplex DNA sharing no homology with the single-stranded DNA is also included. These results suggest a mechanism for attenuating pairing activity during recombination. After recognition of homologous sequences, rec1 protein undergoes a slow, ligand induced conformational change to an inactive form. PMID- 6238957 TI - Defective processing of keratan sulfate in macular corneal dystrophy. AB - Macular corneal dystrophy is a human genetic disorder characterized by corneal opacities that arise, in part, from a failure to synthesize mature keratan sulfate proteoglycans. The macromolecules in macular corneas and in keratoconus corneas, an abnormality not involving proteoglycans, were biosynthetically labeled with [3H]mannose and [14C]glucosamine in organ culture, and the keratan sulfate proteoglycans were immunoprecipitated with antibodies against the protein core of monkey keratan sulfate proteoglycan. The chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans, which did not react with the antibody, were oversulfated in corneas from patients with macular corneal dystrophy. Characterization of the immunoprecipitates showed that macular corneas did not make keratan sulfate proteoglycan but did synthesize an immunoreactive glycoprotein in nearly equal amounts as keratan sulfate proteoglycan was synthesized by the keratoconus cornea. The oligosaccharides on the immunoprecipitated macular glycoprotein appeared to be normal. However, the macromolecules contained an unsulfated glycoconjugate that was nearly as large as the normal keratan sulfate chains isolated from the keratoconus keratan sulfate-proteoglycan and contained the same relative proportions of labeled glucosamine, mannose, and fucose. This glycoconjugate was resistant to digestion with keratanase. These observations indicate that macular corneal dystrophy is caused by an error in the synthesis of keratan sulfate, possibly involving the specific sulfotransferases involved in sulfation of the lactosaminoglycan backbone of the chains. PMID- 6238958 TI - Oligonucleotide synthesis by Escherichia coli dnaG primase in conjunction with phage P22 gene 12 protein. AB - The phage P22 gene 12 protein was found to be like the Escherichia coli dnaB protein in that it stimulated phiX174 DNA synthesis in heat-inactivated extracts of dnaB temperature-sensitive cells (see preceding paper, Wickner, S. (1984) J. Biol. Chem. 259, 14038-14043). phiX174 replication catalyzed by the purified P22 12 protein also by-passed the normal requirement for dnaC protein. However, synthesis still required dnaG primase and the DNA polymerase III holoenzyme components. This DNA synthesis reaction has been reconstituted with purified proteins and found to require P22 12 protein, dnaG protein, DNA polymerase III holoenzyme components, 4 dNTPs, Mg2+, any one of ATP, GTP, UTP, or CTP and single stranded DNA. The reaction has been dissected into partial reactions: (a) in a prepriming reaction, P22 12 protein binds to single-stranded DNA in an ATP dependent reaction (Wickner, S. (1984) J. Biol. Chem. 259, 14038-14043); (b) in a priming reaction requiring at least one rNTP and the other dNTPs or rNTPs, dnaG primase catalyzes oligonucleotide synthesis dependent on the P22 12 protein-DNA complex; (c) finally, DNA polymerase III holoenzyme components catalyze DNA elongation of the primer. PMID- 6238959 TI - Purification of the CaATPase of sarcoplasmic reticulum by affinity chromatography. AB - Proteins from sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles solubilized by a nonionic detergent were fractionated by use of a reactive red-120 agarose column. The Ca-ATPase was obtained in pure form by eluting the column with 400 microM adenyl 5'-yl imidodiphosphate, yielding an enzyme of almost twice the starting specific activity in a fraction containing half the initial protein. The conclusion that the ATPase comprises 50% of the sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicle protein agrees with estimates gained from densitometry using 7 1/2% Laemmli slab gels but not from densitometry using 7% Weber and Osborn slab gels. The mechanism of purification was found to be affinity chromatography, with the ATPase binding the reactive red-120 ligand in its nucleotide-binding site. The steady-state concentration of phosphorylated intermediate relative to the specific activity was found to be lower in the purified enzyme as compared to the starting vesicular enzyme. PMID- 6238960 TI - Serotonin secretion from human platelets may be modified by Ca2+-activated, phospholipid-dependent myosin phosphorylation. AB - 1-(5-Isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine (H-7), which has been identified as a potent inhibitor of protein kinase C in vitro (Hidaka, H., Inagaki, M., Kawamoto, S., and Sasaki, Y. (1984) Biochemistry, in press), enhanced serotonin release from human platelets that was induced by the 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol 13-acetate and correspondingly decreased incorporation of radioactive phosphate into a 20,000-dalton protein. H-7 did not affect the protein phosphorylation or the serotonin secretion in unstimulated platelets. A phosphopeptide with a molecular weight of 20,000 has previously been identified as a light chain (LC20) of platelet myosin and both protein kinase C and Ca2+-calmodulin-dependent myosin light-chain kinase have been shown to be involved in its phosphorylation. Two dimensional peptide mapping following tryptic hydrolysis revealed that H-7 selectively inhibited the protein kinase C-catalyzed phosphorylation of myosin light chain. This pharmacological evidence suggests that Ca2+-activated, phospholipid-dependent myosin light-chain phosphorylation may play an inhibitory role in the release reaction. PMID- 6238961 TI - Identification of the lysine residue to which the 4-nitrobenzofurazan group migrates after the bovine mitochondrial F1-ATPase is inactivated with 7-chloro-4 nitro[14C]benzofurazan. AB - When bovine heart mitochondrial F1-ATPase, taken as alpha 3 beta 3 gamma delta epsilon with a molecular weight of 375,000, was inactivated by greater than 90% with a 4-fold molar excess of 7-chloro-4-nitro[14C]benzofurazan at pH 7.4, 1.15 mol of 4-nitrobenzofurazan [14C]Nbf were incorporated per mol of enzyme. Reactivation of a sample of the modified enzyme with dithiothreitol removed 0.82 mol of [14C]Nbf/mol of the F1-ATPase indicating that, of the 1.15 mol of [14C]Nbf incorporated, 0.82 mol were present on tyrosine residues and 0.33 mol on lysine residues. Incubation of the modified enzyme at pH 9.0 for 18 h at 23 degrees C led to an increase of 0.64 mol of [14C]Nbf-N'-Lys/mol of the F1-ATPase which occurred as a consequence of an O----N migration. About 15% enzyme reactivation occurred simultaneously with the migration indicating that the fraction of the [14C]Nbf group originally present on tyrosine which did not migrate was lost by hydrolysis. Examination of a tryptic digest of the labeled enzyme after the O--- N migration by reversed-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography revealed a single major radioactive peptide. The labeled tryptic fragment was purified and subjected to automatic Edman degradation. This analysis revealed that Lys-beta 162 was specifically labeled during the O----N migration of the [14C]Nbf group. PMID- 6238962 TI - The temporal integration of the aldosterone secretory response to angiotensin occurs via two intracellular pathways. AB - Angiotensin II (AII) regulates the secretion of aldosterone from adrenal glomerulosa cells by a calcium-dependent mechanism which involves both the uptake of calcium from the extracellular pool, and the release of calcium from a dantrolene-sensitive intracellular pool. In the present study, it was shown that AII induces the rapid (10 s) hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate and 4,5-bisphosphate, leading to the sustained production of inositol bis- and trisphosphate (Ins-P3), and diacylglycerol rich in arachidonic acid. Saponin permeabilized glomerulosa cells accumulate calcium into a nonmitochondrial pool by an ATP-dependent manner. Ins-P3 (0.5-5 microM) induces a release of Ca2+ from this pool. This release was blocked by dantrolene (10 microM). Adrenal glomerulosa cells were shown to contain the calcium-activated, phospholipid dependent protein kinase (C-kinase). Perfusion of glomerulosa cells with combined 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol 13-acetate and A23187 induced an immediately developing, sustained, maximal secretory response similar to that induced by AII. These data are interpreted in terms of a model in which, after AII addition, there is a flow of information through two separate branches of the calcium messenger system, each with its unique temporal role: a calmodulin branch activated by the transient rise in the [Ca2+] in the cell cytosol, which is largely responsible for the initial transient cellular response; and a C-kinase branch activated by the increase in both cytosolic [Ca2+] and the diacylglycerol content of the plasma membrane, which is largely responsible for the sustained phase of the cellular response. The temporal integration of these two phases underlies the observed pattern of cellular response. PMID- 6238964 TI - Nd3+ and Co2+ binding to sarcoplasmic reticulum CaATPase. An estimation of the distance from the ATP binding site to the high-affinity calcium binding sites. AB - Nd3+ binding to sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) was detected by inhibition of ATPase activity and directly by a fluorimetric assay. Both methods indicated that Nd3+ inhibited the ATPase activity by binding in the high-affinity Ca2+ binding sites. The stoichiometry of binding was about 11 nmol of Nd3+ bound per mg of SR proteins at pNd = 6.5. At higher [Nd3+], substantial nonspecific binding occurred. The association constant for Nd3+ binding to the high-affinity Ca2+ binding sites was estimated to be near 2 X 10(9) M-1. When the CaATPase was inactivated with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC), 5.3 nmol were bound per mg of SR protein. This fluorescent probe is known to bind in the ATP binding site. The stoichiometry of Nd3+ binding to FITC-labeled CaATPase was the same, within experimental error, as to the unlabeled CaATPase. Fluorescence energy transfer between FITC in the ATP site and Nd3+ in the Ca2+ sites was found to be very small. This donor-acceptor pair has a critical distance of 0.93 nm and the distance between the ATP site and the closest Ca2+ was estimated to be greater than 2.1 nm. Parallel measurements with FITC-labeled SR and Co2+, an acceptor with a critical distance 1.2 nm, suggested the ATP and Ca2+ binding sites are greater than 2.6 nm apart. PMID- 6238963 TI - Thyrotropin-releasing hormone rapidly activates protein phosphorylation in GH3 pituitary cells by a lipid-linked, protein kinase C-mediated pathway. AB - Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) is a tripeptide that rapidly enhances prolactin secretion in clonal, hormone-responsive GH3 rat pituitary cells. In an effort to identify postreceptor mechanisms for TRH, protein phosphorylation studies have been conducted. Our previous studies (Drust, D.S., Sutton, C.A., and Martin, T. F. J. (1982) J. Biol. Chem. 257, 3306-3312; Drust, D.S., and Martin, T. F. J. (1982) J. Biol. Chem. 257, 7566-7573) showed that TRH rapidly (less than 15 s) increased the phosphorylation of at least six cytosolic proteins (41K (Mr = 41,000), several 59K, 65K, 82K, and 97K) and, with a 5- to 10-min latency, increased the phosphorylation of a seventh (80K). Cyclic AMP did not appear to mediate TRH-stimulation of protein phosphorylation; in contrast, Ca2+ translocation and Ca2+-dependent protein phosphorylation accounted for hormone induced changes in 97K (and possibly 41K) phosphorylation. The studies reported here indicate that lipid (diacylglycerol) accumulation and protein kinase C activation mediate TRH-stimulated phosphorylation of the additional five cytosolic proteins (two 59K, 65K, 80K, and 82K). This conclusion is based on the findings that: 1) phospholipase C treatment, which produces diacylglycerol, mimicked several TRH effects; 2) bombesin, another peptide that induces inositol phosphatide turnover, mimicked several TRH effects; 3) phorbol esters, which were shown to activate GH3 cell protein kinase C directly, produced TRH-like effects; 4) partially purified GH3 cell cytosolic protein kinase C was activated by diacylglycerol; and 5) 59K and 82K proteins were endogenous in vitro substrates for a cytosolic lipid-stimulated protein kinase. We conclude that rapid TRH effects in promoting inositol phosphatide turnover in GH3 cells may be linked to the activation of protein phosphorylation mediated by protein kinase C. These, and previously reported studies, indicate a role for Ca2+ and lipids (diacylglycerol) as dual intracellular messengers for TRH. PMID- 6238965 TI - Binding of Escherichia coli to fibronectin. A mechanism of tissue adherence. AB - Four out of 17 enterotoxigenic strains of Escherichia coli isolated from infantile diarrhea bound 125I-fibronectin. This binding, which was inhibited by unlabeled fibronectin but not by other proteins, appears to involve two classes of receptors, one of which binds the ligand reversibly. Consistent with the presence of two classes of receptors the bacteria bound to at least two distinct sites of the fibronectin molecule, one being the amino-terminal domain which also contains the binding sites for Gram-positive bacteria and the other located outside this domain. The E. coli strain expressing fibronectin receptors adhered to fibroblasts and to fibronectin but not to ovalbumin-coated coverslips. Bacteria grown at 40 degrees C did not express fibronectin receptors and did not adhere to either substrate. Saturation of receptors with fibronectin blocked adhesion to both fibronectin-coated coverslips and to cultured fibroblasts. These data suggest that binding to fibronectin represents a mechanism of tissue adherence of E. coli. PMID- 6238966 TI - Phase separation of the receptor for immunoglobulin E and its subunits in Triton X-114. AB - Above its critical micelle concentration, Triton X-114 in solution forms two phases at room temperature: a lower phase containing supramicellar aggregates and an upper phase largely depleted of detergent. This property of the detergent is potentially useful for separating under mild conditions proteins that bind detergent from those that do not (Bordier, C. (1981) J. Biol. Chem. 256, 1604 1607). We studied the distribution of the receptor for immunoglobulin E (IgE) and its subunits in the two phases. IgE and IgE complexed either with intact receptors or with the alpha chains of the receptor alone are principally partitioned into the upper phase, whereas the unliganded receptor as well as the isolated alpha, and especially the beta and gamma chains of the receptor, preferentially partition into the lower detergent phase. Chromatography of IgE and of the subunits of the receptor on a hydrophobic support showed that the beta and gamma chains have a considerably greater hydrophobic surface than the alpha chains or IgE. These results indicate that the distribution of a protein in the two phases of phase-separated Triton X-114 is not an all-or-none effect based upon whether it binds detergent or not. Rather, it reflects the overall balance between the hydrophobic and hydrophilic properties of the protein's surface. PMID- 6238967 TI - Isolation of chitin synthetase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Purification of an enzyme by entrapment in the reaction product. AB - Chitin synthetase, in the zymogen form, was extracted with digitonin from a particulate fraction from Saccharomyces cerevisiae and converted into active form by treatment with immobilized trypsin. When the activated enzyme was incubated with UDP-GlcNAc and other components of an assay mixture, a chitin precipitate formed, trapping a large portion of the synthetase. The enzyme was easily extracted frm the chitin gel with a recovery of approximately 50% and an enrichment of approximately 100-fold. Further purification was obtained by repeating the chitin step. After polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate, the purified synthetase showed a major band corresponding to Mr 63,000, a weaker band at Mr 74,000, and some other minor bands. Under nondenaturing conditions, an Mr of 570,000 was calculated for the enzyme from Stokes radius and sedimentation coefficient determinations. After electrophoresis in a nondenaturing gel and incubation with the components of the standard assay, chitin was formed and precipitated in the gel, yielding an opaque band. Soluble oligosaccharides were not precursors for insoluble chitin, suggesting that synthesis of chitin chains takes place by a processive mechanism. N-Acetylglucosamine stimulated the purified synthetase only slightly and did not participate as a primer in the reaction. The same chain length, somewhat more than 100 units of GlcNAc, was determined in samples of chitin that had been synthesized either in vivo, or with a membrane preparation or with purified synthetase. These results suggest that chitin synthetase itself is capable both of initiating chitin chains without a primer and of determining their length. PMID- 6238968 TI - Pulsatile poststenotic flow studies with laser Doppler anemometry. AB - The pulsatile flow field distal to axisymmetric constrictions in a straight tube was studied using laser Doppler anemometry. The upstream centerline velocity waveform was sinusoidal at a frequency parameter of 7.5 and mean Reynolds number of 600. Stenosis models of 25, 50 and 75% area reduction were employed and velocity data were derived by ensemble averaging methods. Extensive measurements of the pulsatile velocity profiles are reported, and wall shear rates were computed from the near wall velocity profile gradients. The experiments indicate that a permanent region of poststenotic flow separation does not exist even for the severest constriction, in contrast to results for steady flow. Values of wall shear stress were greatest near the throat of the constriction and were relatively low in the poststenotic region, including the region of most intense flow disturbance. Turbulence was found only for the 75% stenosis model and was created only during a segment of the cycle. Although much emphasis has been placed upon turbulence in the detection of arterial stenoses, particularly as identified by Doppler ultrasound spectral broadening, the present study implies that identification of flow disturbances of an organized nature may be more fundamental in recognizing mild to moderate disease. Additionally, the relationship of these flow field results to the animal aortic coarctation model often employed in atherogenesis studies is discussed. PMID- 6238969 TI - Correlative radiographic, scintigraphic, and histological evaluation of exostoses. AB - We reviewed the cases of twenty-four patients with solitary or multiple exostoses to correlate their radiographic, scintigraphic, and histological evaluations. We studied twenty-five excised lesions, two of them exostotic chondrosarcomas, from twenty-two patients. There were two patterns of bone-scan activity and there was a direct correlation between enchondral bone formation and radionuclide uptake in all patients, both skeletally immature and mature. So-called quiescent lesions- those with inactive scans--were those that lacked histological evidence of enchondral bone formation. Those with increased uptake--active exostoses--all demonstrated active formation of enchondral bone. Evidence of active exostotic growth could be demonstrated on bone scans well beyond the time of skeletal maturity. The bone scan did not qualitatively differentiate the benign active exostoses from the two lesions with malignant degeneration. Increased uptake related to enchondral bone formation was a feature of both. An inactive scan, however, seemed to exclude the possibility of malignant degeneration in the exostosis. PMID- 6238970 TI - Nuclear imaging as a screening test for patients referred for intraarticular facet block. AB - Our experience, in a group of 25 patients with chronic low back pain, shows that nuclear imaging of the spine with 99mTc-methylene diphosphonate is of no benefit in predicting the sites at which intraarticular facet blocks may be successful. PMID- 6238971 TI - Diagnosis and management of failing lower extremity arterial reconstructions prior to graft occlusion. AB - In 191 instances, infrainguinal graft occlusion was presumed because of a rethreatened foot, diminished pulses and/or decreased ankle pressure. Routine urgent arteriography revealed 38 instances where the graft was patent (22 vein, 16 PTFE). Ten of these grafts were to the femoral artery, 18 to the popliteal artery and 10 were to infrapopliteal arteries. The deterioration despite a patent graft was due to development of inflow stenosis (15), vein graft lesions (13) or distal disease progression (10). All were treated successfully by percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (30) or simple local operative revisions (8). Cumulative life table patency rates 2 years after reintervention were 89% for failing reconstructions to the femoral artery, 94% for those to the popliteal artery and 89% for infrapopliteal procedures. Comparable rates for limb salvage were 90%, 100% and 100%, respectively. These findings underscore the importance of urgent angiography in suspected lower extremity graft failure. Defects may be detected before real graft occlusion occurs and appropriate interventional treatment can provide important additional periods of limb salvage. PMID- 6238972 TI - Efficacy of percutaneous angioplasty in lower extremity arterial occlusive disease. AB - One hundred and twenty four percutaneous transluminal angioplasties performed over a 5 year period for lower extremity arterial occlusive disease were reviewed to evaluate clinical efficacy and define parameters of success. Technical success was achieved in 82%, clinical success in 71%. The important predictive variables were severity of disease, anatomic site and length of diseased vessel segment. Best results (94% success rate) were obtained in the proximal single segment lesion with lesser initial disease as reflected by flow study, calf vessel runoff and claudication as the indication for treatment. The poorest results (33% success rate) were obtained in distal vessels with multisegmental disease where limb salvage was the indication for intervention. Stenosing or recently occluded bypass grafts were successfully dilated in 7 of 8 patients. With a complication rate of 3%, percutaneous angioplasty is clearly a highly effective treatment for lower extremity arterial insufficiency in the properly selected patient judged by immediate and relatively short term follow-up observations. PMID- 6238973 TI - Digital transvenous angiography in follow-up examinations after carotid reconstruction: early results. AB - A total of 187 check-up examinations by DVSA were carried out after various types of carotid reconstructions. The results were inconclusive in only 2.7% of the cases. A good or very good postoperative result could be demonstrated in 77.5%. A slight stenosis was present in 16%, a significant stenosis in 2.7% and a complete occlusion of the internal carotid artery in 1.1%. Patch plasty alone showed the best results followed by endarterectomy and endarterectomy with patch plasty. Segmental carotid resections and dilatations led to the poorest results. Most of those cases, where a stenosis recurred, it was already present immediately after the operation and only rarely caused by progression of the basic disease or intimal proliferation. The complication rate of DVSA was low. It is concluded that DVSA is a low risk and reliable method which can routinely be used in the postoperative evaluation of patients with carotid reconstructions. PMID- 6238974 TI - Platelet-collagen adhesion: inhibition by a monoclonal antibody that binds glycoprotein IIb. AB - To identify platelet surface structures involved in adhesion to collagen, the effect of 16 murine antiplatelet membrane hybridoma antibodies were tested in a defined, in vitro assay. Four of these antibodies inhibited platelet-collagen adhesion and reacted with a polypeptide with Mr approximately 125,000, as determined by immunoblots after gel electrophoresis under reducing conditions. Through detailed studies with one of these antibodies, the monoclonal antibody PMI-1, the relevant antigen was identified as platelet glycoprotein IIb alpha, based upon (a) co-migration with this glycoprotein in two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and (b) co-purification by immunoaffinity chromatography with a protein with apparent Mr identical to that of glycoprotein III, under conditions in which glycoproteins IIb and III form a complex. Univalent antibody fragments prepared from monoclonal antibody PMI-1 inhibited greater than 80% of platelet collagen adhesion, and inhibition was completely blocked by the immunopurified antigen. These results indicate that glycoprotein IIb participates in some aspect of platelet-collagen adhesion. In contrast, the purified antigen only partially neutralized a polyclonal antiserum that blocked platelet-collagen adhesion, to a maximum of approximately 25%, at saturating antigen concentrations. Thus, by these immunological criteria, glycoprotein IIb is not the only molecule involved in this process. PMID- 6238975 TI - Cerebral metabolic relationships for selected brain regions in Alzheimer's, Huntington's, and Parkinson's diseases. AB - Local CMRGlc values were determined for 13 regions in each hemisphere from tomographs of patients with Alzheimer's, Huntington's, and Parkinson's diseases who were studied using [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose with positron emission computed tomography. Intercorrelations among the 26 regional measures were calculated for each disease state and for normal controls, and were accepted as reliable at p less than 0.01, uncorrected for the number of comparisons. The number of reliable correlations was found to be decreased in Parkinson's and Huntington's diseases, two primarily subcortical disorders, and increased in Alzheimer's disease, a primarily cortical disorder. The changes suggest that one role of the basal ganglia involves coordinating or pacing the ability of cortical brain regions to function as a unit. PMID- 6238976 TI - Separation of ferrichromes and other hydroxamate siderophores of fungal origin by reversed-phase chromatography. AB - Iron(III) chelates of nineteen trihydroxamate siderophores of fungal origin, including ferrichromes, coprogen and triacetylfusarinine C, were separated on a preparative scale with a reversed-phase column using the octadecyl silica gels LRP-1 or LRP-2 as the stationary phase and a water-methanol gradient as the mobile phase. Using this system in combination with silica gel column chromatography, most siderophores can be obtained in pure form. Factors affecting the mobility of these compounds in the reversed-phase system are discussed. PMID- 6238977 TI - [Adverse reactions to externally applied drugs]. PMID- 6238978 TI - Platelet membrane glycoprotein IIIa contains target antigens that bind anti platelet antibodies in immune thrombocytopenias. AB - The precise pathogenic mechanism of platelet destruction in immune thrombocytopenias is not known, although many investigators have found that platelet-associated IgG is increased in these diseases. We report here the differentiation between specific binding of anti-platelet antibody, associated with platelet destruction, and the ubiquitous presence of nonspecific, platelet associated IgG. Using an electrophoretic separation and antibody overlay technique, we have identified a specific membrane protein that bears target platelet antigens in immune thrombocytopenias. When posttransfusion purpura serum was studied, antibody binding to the PlA1 antigen on glycoprotein IIIa was readily distinguished from the nonspecific binding of immunoglobulin to a protein of 200,000 mol wt. After reduction of disulfide bonds, the PlA1 antigenicity was not observed, and IgG bound nonspecifically to a protein band with an apparent molecular weight of 45,000. We have also identified anti-platelet antibodies in patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura and determined their antigenic specificity. Antibodies which bind to a 100,000-mol wt protein were found in nine of thirteen patients with chronic disease. The antigens in three of these cases were studied in detail by using both reduced and nonreduced control and Glanzmann's thrombasthenic platelets. Target antigens were localized to glycoprotein IIIa, but are different from PlA1. The immune thrombocytopenic purpura antigenic system is clearly distinguished from nonspecific platelet associated IgG. Sera from eight children with acute idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura were also studied. In all cases, the nonspecific IgG binding to the 200,000-mol wt protein was observed. However, we were unable to demonstrate antibody binding to glycoprotein IIIa, which suggested that the acute childhood form of this disease may have a different pathogenic mechanism than that of the autoimmune chronic cases. PMID- 6238979 TI - Clinical correlates of dementia and disability in Huntington's disease. AB - The relationship of duration of illness and severity of neurological impairment to psychometric performance and activities of daily living was examined in 57 patients with Huntington's Disease (HD). As earlier studies suggested, a distinct cognitive profile characterized patients early in the disease. Duration of symptoms, however, proved to be a weaker correlate of cognitive decline than was motor impairment at the time of testing. For predicting adaptive functioning, both duration of symptoms and neurological status were important variables. This study underscores the limitations of length of illness as a classificatory variable in studies of dementia in HD. We further suggest that future studies consider the contribution of defects in precise timing and sequential operations to the cognitive and adaptive deficits of these patients. PMID- 6238980 TI - Environmental reactions to chemical, physical, and biologic agents. PMID- 6238981 TI - Acne. PMID- 6238982 TI - A sign of lumbar disk herniation recognizable on lateral CT generated digital radiograms. AB - Computed tomography is a very sensitive and fairly specific imaging mode for diagnosing herniated disks in patients with low back pain and radiculopathy. We describe a new CT sign associated with posterior disk herniation that consists of a bony defect on the lower posterior angle of the proximal vertebral body and endplate shown on CT generated digital radiograms. This finding, by no means constant, is encountered frequently enough to be described as a sign of posterior disk protrusion. It often occurs concomitantly with posterior avulsion of a bone fragment probably related to avascular bone necrosis of the posterior inferior angle of the endplate. PMID- 6238983 TI - Giant rectus sheath hematomas of the pelvis complicating anticoagulant therapy: CT findings. AB - We present three cases of giant rectus sheath hematomas in patients on anticoagulant therapy studied by ultrasound and CT. The anatomy of the posterior rectus sheath is described to explain why blood tracks into the pelvis when the hematomas enlarge. PMID- 6238984 TI - Abdominal wall endometrioma: CT findings. AB - Endometriosis of the superficial soft tissues is an uncommon lesion that may occur in the absence of other evidence of pelvic endometriosis. An example of an endometrioma arising in the rectus sheath is reported here. To our knowledge, this is the first CT description of an anterior abdominal wall endometrioma. PMID- 6238985 TI - The retention of fissure sealants using twenty-second etching time. PMID- 6238986 TI - Vitamin C supplementation and relief from pain. A review and interpretation. PMID- 6238988 TI - Transverse aortic wall tears in infants after balloon angioplasty for aortic valve stenosis: relation of aortic wall damage to diameter of inflated angioplasty balloon and aortic lumen in seven necropsy cases. AB - Aortic wall tears resulting from rupture of dilating balloons in infants undergoing transluminal balloon angioplasty have not been previously recognized. A 2 day old infant had percutaneous transluminal balloon angioplasty to dilate a stenotic aortic valve, and after multiple balloon inflations the balloon burst. The infant died 2 days after undergoing transluminal balloon angioplasty and at necropsy a circumferential, transverse aortic wall tear was found. To test the hypothesis that rupture of appropriately sized balloons results in similar aortic wall tears, six unfixed, intact infant aortas were subjected to transluminal balloon angioplasty at necropsy: two infants had balloon rupture with inflated balloon diameter similar to that of the aorta, two had balloon rupture with an undersized balloon and two had dilation with an oversized balloon. Transverse wall tears occurred in aortas with similar aortic and balloon diameters; no aortic wall damage occurred with rupture of undersized balloons, and aortic rupture resulted from the use of oversized balloons. Thus, intimal-medial tears in the infant aorta may result from balloon bursting during angioplasty when aortic and inflated balloon diameters are similar. PMID- 6238987 TI - Standardization of M-mode echocardiographic left ventricular anatomic measurements. AB - To improve standardization of echocardiographic left ventricular anatomic measurements, echographic left ventricular dimensions and mass were related to body size indexes, sex, age and blood pressure. Independent normal populations comprised 92 hospital-based subjects (64 women, 28 men) and 133 subjects from a population sample (55 women, 78 men). All measurements of chamber size, wall thickness and mass differed between men and women in both series (p less than 0.01 to p less than 0.001). Left ventricular mass was related most closely to body surface area among measurements of body size (r = 0.37, p less than 0.01 to r = 0.57, p less than 0.001) in all four groups. Indexation by body surface area eliminated sex differences in wall thicknesses and internal dimension, but a significant sex difference in left ventricular mass index persisted (89 +/- 21 g/m2 in men versus 69 + 19 g/m2 in women in the entire series, p less than 0.0001). The 97th percentile of left ventricular mass index was identical in both groups of men (136 and 132 g/m2) and women (112 and 109 g/m2). A highly significant difference in lean body mass, estimated from 24 hour urine creatine excretion, was observed between men and women (58 +/- 15 versus 40 +/- 13 kg, p less than 0.001) and no sex difference existed in left ventricular mass indexed by lean body mass (3.4 +/- 1.3 versus 3.5 +/- 1.5 g/kg). Weak correlations were observed between left ventricular mass/lean body mass and systolic or diastolic blood pressure (r = 0.25, p less than 0.05 and r = 0.28, p less than 0.01, respectively) but not age (18 to 72 years).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6238989 TI - Acute coronary artery occlusion during percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty treated by redilation of the occluded segment. AB - Acute occlusion of a coronary artery during percutaneous coronary angioplasty usually results in unremitting ischemia requiring emergency surgical intervention. Seven patients are described, in whom complete occlusion occurred during coronary angioplasty as a result of coronary artery dissection. Despite this, it was possible to reintroduce the balloon catheter immediately and redilate the vessel with abrupt reversal of clinical and electrocardiographic manifestations of ischemia. Six patients had no subsequent evidence of myocardial infarction. The seventh had a slight elevation of serum creatine kinase and transient electrocardiographic changes. All patients were discharged from the hospital without further intervention. Four patients had elective coronary artery bypass surgery (greater than 4 weeks after angioplasty) and three have remained asymptomatic or in improved condition since the coronary angioplasty. It is concluded that sudden occlusion of a coronary artery during coronary angioplasty can be safely treated by redilation in the acute stage. PMID- 6238990 TI - Effects of reperfusion on complete heart block complicating anterior myocardial infarction. AB - Two patients with complete heart block complicating extensive anterior myocardial infarction underwent late (greater than 40 hours) coronary reperfusion with angioplasty. One to one atrioventricular conduction was restored within minutes of reperfusion despite a lack of measurable ventricular muscle salvage as demonstrated by ventriculography 1 week later. The evidence favors reversible ischemia rather than extensive necrosis of the proximal conduction system as the mechanism of heart block in this subgroup of patients. PMID- 6238991 TI - The effect of alpha-tocopherol on premenstrual symptomatology: a double-blind study. II. Endocrine correlates. AB - In a randomized, double-blind, dose-response study, alpha-tocopherol significantly ameliorated symptoms in three of the four classes of the premenstrual syndrome (PMS). Alpha-tocopherol treatment had no significant effect on serum concentrations of testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S), estradiol, and progesterone. However, independent of treatment, a significant correlation emerged between temporal changes in one PMS category and changes in DHEA-S concentrations. These results suggest that improvement in PMS severity is not mediated through direct effects of alpha-tocopherol on serum steroids. Androgens, however, may play a role in some PMS symptomatology. PMID- 6238992 TI - Profiles of elderly Armenians. PMID- 6238993 TI - Endoscopic Gruntzig balloon dilation of gastrointestinal stenoses. PMID- 6238994 TI - Improved detection of rare CALLA-positive cells in peripheral blood using multiparameter flow cytometry. AB - A major limitation to the detection of rare cell types in the peripheral blood using monoclonal antibodies is nonspecific binding of the antibody reagent to normal cells. Detection of rare common acute lymphoblastic leukemia antigen (CALLA)-positive cells in peripheral blood is significantly improved by using multiple flow cytometric parameters to exclude a variety of mature blood cells which may nonspecifically bind the antibody reagent. Monocytes and granulocytes are excluded by gating out cells with high 90 degrees light scatter. By gating on red fluorescence, a variety of mature cell types binding to phycoerythrin (PE) conjugated Leu 3, Leu 2, and M3 monoclonal antibodies are also excluded. CALLA positive lymphoblasts from 6 consecutive patients were not excluded on the basis of these parameters. Gating on log 90 degrees light scatter and log red fluorescence in this fashion reduced the incidence of nonspecific binding to peripheral blood mononuclear cells of a fluorescein-conjugated irrelevant monoclonal antibody by 98% from 308 cells per million to 5 cells per million. One CALLA-positive lymphoblast per 100,000 peripheral blood mononuclear cells could be detected in mixture experiments using this method. The normal range of CALLA positive cells in adults is less than 16 cells per million peripheral blood mononuclear cells. This low background of CALLA-positive peripheral blood cells may permit the detection of early leukemic relapse in acute lymphoblastic leukemia by analysis of the peripheral blood. This methodology can be applied to the detection of any rare cell type by using phycoerythrin-conjugated antibodies to markers that the cell type does not possess. PMID- 6238996 TI - Complex kinetics of binding of human alpha-2 interferon to human, but not bovine cells. AB - Human alpha-2 interferon (HuIFN-alpha 2) is an effective antiviral agent for bovine cells, but does not inhibit the proliferation of these heterologous cells. A comparison of the kinetics of binding of 125I-HuIFN-alpha 2 at 4 degrees C to several bovine and human cells, shows that the kinetics of the initial receptor interactions are very different in the two species. Binding of HuIFN-alpha 2 to bovine cells follows the simple kinetics predicted for one species of ligand interacting with one type of high-affinity receptor. The kinetics of binding to human cells showing a range of sensitivities to the antigrowth effect are complex and indicate that receptor occupancy increases the rate of association of ligand. It is suggested that dimers of HuIFN-alpha 2 may be formed on the human, but not the bovine receptor, and where these occur between receptors, their formation may relate to the inhibition of cell growth. PMID- 6238995 TI - Subpopulations of mononuclear cells in microscopic lesions of psoriatic patients. Selective accumulation of suppressor/cytotoxic T cells in epidermis during the evolution of the lesion. AB - The age of microscopic lesions in psoriatic subjects was assessed from the stacking characteristics in the horny layer and related to type and density (cells/tissue volume) of mononuclear cells in the epidermis and the dermis determined by immunoperoxidase methods using monoclonal antibodies. Pan T cells (Lyt-2+, Lyt-3+, Leu-4+, OKT3+), T helper cells (Leu-3a+, OKT4+), T suppressor/cytotoxic cells (Leu-2a+, OKT8+), Ia+ cells and monocytes (OKM2+, BRL alpha mono+) were determined in epidermis and dermis. The psoriatic lesion was divided into regions underneath a parakeratotic and an orthohyperkeratotic/hypergranular portion of the horny layer and contrasted with perilesional and uninvolved psoriatic skin as well as with healthy skin. In the various regions and skin layers, the cell density was highest in parakeratosis and decreased toward normality with decreasing histologic abnormality. The relation between epidermal and dermal cell densities of the T-cell subsets was modified in the involved psoriatic skin with a selective preponderance of T suppressor/cytotoxic cells in the epidermis. The accumulation was present in the youngest lesion found (3 days) and cell densities were unchanged in older lesions. The findings suggests that the altered relationship in the subsets of T cells has an important role during the induction and progress of the psoriatic process in the skin. PMID- 6238997 TI - [Changes in steroids in amniotic fluid in relation to the initiation of labor]. AB - To study the changes in steroid concentrations in amniotic fluid (AF) in relation to the initiation of parturition, eleven steroids in AF which included cortisol(F), progesterone (P4), 20 alpha-dihydroprogesterone, free(f-) and conjugated(c-) pregnenolone, DHA, estradiol(E2) and estriol(E3) were measured by RIA. Experiment 1: Samples were obtained at I) elective cesarean section (not in labor, n = 9), II) vaginal delivery after the spontaneous onset of labor (in labor, n = 13). Experiment 2: AF were collected serially from each individual at A) the artificial rupture of the membrane before the onset of labor, B) the initiation of labor and C) second stage of delivery. Samples of B and C were obtained with a catheter which was placed in the uterine cavity at the rupture of the membrane. The mean concentrations of F,c-E2,f- and c-E3,DHA in I were significantly higher than those in II. In experiment 2, except for P4, all steroid concentrations tended to increase during the course of labor. The levels of F increased significantly from A to C but not from A to B. Free DHA increased from B to C. The percentage increase in steroid levels was also caliculated and it was found that the steroid increase from A to B was f-E2 while P4 decreased. E2/P4 ratio increased significantly from A to B. These results suggested that the increase in F and DHA may be due to the fetal response to the stress of labor. A possible role of increased E2 and decreased P4, and subsequently increased E2/P4 ratio, in AF on the onset of labor is suggested. PMID- 6238998 TI - Effects of dehydroepiandrosterone-sulphate (DHEA-S) administration on puerperal lactation and maternal prolactin and estradiol levels. AB - Effects of dehydroepiandrosterone-sulphate (DHEA-S) on puerperal lactation and maternal serum prolactin and estradiol levels were examined in 111 cases of normal vaginal delivery without any complication. The amount of lactation in the DHEA-S administrated group was significantly decreased on the second day of the puerperium (p less than 0.05). No significant difference could be found after the third day of the puerperium, or in the total amount of lactation up to the seventh day of the puerperium. There was also no significant difference in the changes in neonatal body weight. No significant change was observed in maternal serum prolactin levels following DHEA-S administration. But the maternal serum estradiol levels were significantly higher at 0, 6, 12, 24 and 36 hours after delivery following the administration of DHEA-S (p less than 0.05 approximately 0.005). These facts suggested that the transient inhibition of lactation by DHEA S may be caused by the effect on mammary glands of estrogens which were converted from DHEA-S in the placenta. PMID- 6238999 TI - [Bond strength of bisphenol-A and glycidyl-methacrylate-based resins to Ni-Cr alloys]. PMID- 6239000 TI - Fibrinolysis in health and disease: severe abnormalities in systemic lupus erythematosus. AB - Methods are described to measure fibrinolysis in healthy persons and in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Using the fibrin plate method, total fibrinolytic activity and vascular plasminogen activator were measured. (Total fibrinolytic activity expresses the fibrinolytic potential and consists of both the intrinsic [factor XII-dependent and independent] activities and the extrinsic activities [vascular or tissue type]. Vascular plasminogen activator, assessed in a separate assay, refers to the endothelium-derived component only.) In addition, the degree of inhibition by plasma of both urokinase-induced and of plasmin induced fibrinolysis were analyzed. Vascular plasminogen activator levels were low in 63% of plasma samples from 55 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. The level of an inhibitor of plasminogen activation was significantly elevated in 87% of patients and levels of an inhibitor of plasmin were significantly elevated in 29%. The nonspecific serine protease inhibitors, including alpha 2 macroglobulin, were within the normal range in all patients. The natures of inhibitor of plasminogen activation and plasmin inhibitor were studied further. Using both the fibrin plate and the lysis time methods, the data indicated that the urokinase-inhibiting activity increased with time of incubation of plasma enzyme mixtures, whereas the plasmin inhibiting activity did not. Elevated levels of plasmin inhibitor measured with the fibrin plate method correlated well with prolonged lysis times. Results using the chromogenic substrate S-2251, commonly used as a simple and specific assay for antiplasmin, agreed reasonably well with those using the fibrin plate method, but elevated plasmin inhibitor levels could be quantitated with greater accuracy and sensitivity by the fibrin plate method. Studies with an antiserum directed against alpha 2-antiplasmin showed that inhibitor of plasminogen activation and plasmin inhibitor were different inhibitors, and that plasmin inhibitor was identical to alpha 2-antiplasmin. The abnormalities are discussed in the light of current knowledge on fibrinolysis and as possible mediators in the pathogenesis and perpetuation of lupus glomerulonephritis. PMID- 6239001 TI - [Echotomography and spectral analysis of the Doppler signal in the assessment of carotid lesions]. AB - Real-time echography and C.W. Doppler examination with spectrum analysis are the two methods most widely used for the study of the circulation. Echography allows the detection and the localization of the atheromatous defects whereas Doppler examination provides information on the blood flow. With the help of the frequency analysis of the Doppler signal it is possible to study much more accurately the local haemodynamic conditions. Spectrum analysis is one of the possible display mode for the Doppler signal. It provides in comparison with the zero crossing mode, much more haemodynamic parameters on the blood flow, such as velocity spectrum, density of red cells on each velocity... In this study, we tried to demonstrate that a relationship exists between the amplitude of the spectrum disturbances, recorded just after a stenosis and the degree of this stenosis. For that we propose a classification of the spectrum disturbances in five grades, each of them being related to an interval of possible values for the stenosis degree (grade I----stenosis less than 40% in area, grade II----40-60% stenosis, grade III----60-75% stenosis (extended defects) grade IV----70-90% (extended defects) and 60-90% short stenosis. Grade V: stenosis greater than 90%. The results provided by this classification were compared to those obtained by measurements of the stenosis degree on the piece of endarterectomy (72 cases). The results were in agreement in 94% of the cases.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6239003 TI - [Ultrasonic diagnosis of aneurysmal polydystrophies]. AB - Two methods are available for establishing a positive diagnosis of aneurysmal polydystrophies: the use of hemodynamic data from Doppler recordings to obtain details of the degree of parietal elasticity and the effect of parietal lesions on circulatory rate, and the application of real time ultrasound imaging to visualize the structure of the wall, the contents of the lumen and the level and extent of variations in caliber. PMID- 6239002 TI - [Monitoring therapeutic arteriovenous fistulas in chronic hemodialysis patients. Value of the continuous Doppler test combined with real-time echotomography]. AB - Continuous doppler investigation of functioning of therapeutic arteriovenous fistula is a well-established routine. The availability for the last few years of high frequency (10 mg/Hz) real-time ultrasound has enabled visualization of superficial arteries and veins. Total afferent and efferent branches of these therapeutic fistulae can be visualized. Examination should therefore include continuous doppler recordings combined with real-time ultrasound of both transverse and sagittal sections of the different arteries and veins participating in the fistula. The indication for examination is clinical in cases with low or high output or during the immediate postoperative period to detect early thrombosis. PMID- 6239005 TI - Evaluation of exemplar-based generalization and the abstraction of categorical information. AB - This article reformulates and reanalyzes a problem originally put forth by Homa, Sterling, and Trepel (1981). The question is whether a pure, exemplar-based abstraction process is an adequate model of category learning or whether it is necessary to postulate an additional prototype-abstraction process. Based on quantitative discrepancies from a pure, exemplar-based model, Homa et al. argued that it was necessary to recognize the operation of a prototype-abstraction process in order to fully explain their results. However, Homa et al. never actually fit the exemplar plus prototype model to the data to determine if indeed the additional prototype process could explain the deviations from the pure exemplar model. The present article compared the pure exemplar model with a mixed (exemplar plus prototype) model and did not find consistent evidence requiring the postulation of an additional prototype-abstraction process. These results point out the difficulty of distinguishing alternative classification models and underscore the need for careful analytic work in this area. PMID- 6239004 TI - Effects of repetition on short-term retention of order information. AB - Two experiments examined the effects of repetition on the short-term retention of order information. A partial report procedure was coupled with the distractor paradigm to vary which one of two 4-letter sequences was tested after a digit filled retention interval. Repeatedly presenting the stimulus but not its testing did not increase recall, but recall did increase when both presentation and testing were repeated. Recall was also improved by precues that informed subjects in advance which sequence was to be recalled. The perturbation model of Estes (1972; Lee & Estes, 1981) was able to account for the qualitative and quantitative aspects of the results by making an explicit distinction between two types of rehearsal: the reactivation process, which corresponds to a passive, automatic rehearsal process; and an active, conscious rehearsal process that crystallizes the memory structure and makes perturbations less likely. PMID- 6239006 TI - Metacomprehension of text material. AB - Subjects' abilities to predict future multiple-choice test performance after reading sections of text were investigated in two experiments. In Experiment 1, subjects who scored above median test performance showed some accuracy in their predictions of that test performance. They gave higher mean ratings to material related to correct than to incorrect test answers. Subjects who scored below median test performance did not show this prediction accuracy. The retention interval between reading and the test was manipulated in Experiment 2. Subjects who were tested after at least a 24-hr delay showed results identical to those of Experiment 1. However, when subjects were tested immediately after reading, subjects above and below median test performance gave accurate predictions for the first immediate test. In contrast, both types of subjects gave inaccurate predictions for the second immediate test. Structural variables, such as length, serial position, and hierarchical level of the sections of text were related to subjects' predictions. These variables, in general, were not related to test performance, although the predictions were related to test performance in the conditions described above. PMID- 6239007 TI - Building spatial representations through primary and secondary learning. AB - The current study examined the conditions under which cognitive representations of spatial information are stored in orientation-specific ways (like pictures) versus orientation-free ways. College students learned simple paths by viewing a map of them (map condition), by walking them while blindfolded (walk condition), or by directly viewing the route from a single vantage point (look condition). Blindfolded subjects then stood on the route in various orientations and made directional judgments to other locations on the route. When subjects learned the route by indirect, symbolic means (map), judgments were quite easy when aligned with the learned map orientation and were difficult if the judgment was not aligned with the learned map orientation. However, when subjects learned the route by more direct, primary spatial learning (walk or look), there were no alignment effects. Thus, subjects treat information from primary (direct) and secondary (symbolic) spatial learning in distinct ways. Learning from a map results in a figural representation that has great precision but a specific orientation. Learning the route more directly results in a representation that is less precise but one that can be used in more flexible ways. PMID- 6239008 TI - The mental representation of knowledge acquired from maps. AB - Recognition priming and distance estimation were used to investigate the mental representation of knowledge acquired from maps. In Experiment 1, recognition priming showed that cities close in route distance primed each other more than cities far in route distance, even when Euclidean distance was equated. Experiment 2 showed that this finding was robust and not an artifact of the way subjects learned the maps. Distance estimations in Experiment 1 supported the priming results. These results indicated that psychological distance in cognitive maps is primarily dependent on route distance rather than Euclidean distance. PMID- 6239009 TI - Effect of iron deprivation on the production of siderophores and outer membrane proteins in Klebsiella aerogenes. AB - The outer membrane (OM) protein profile of Klebsiella aerogenes grown in an iron rich chemically defined medium (Fe + CDM) showed three major proteins of 32.5, 35.5 and 39.0 kDal. The 35.5 and 39.0 kDal proteins were non-covalently associated with peptidoglycan. At least six new iron regulated outer membrane proteins (IRMP) of 69, 70, 73, 75, 78 and 83 kDal, which were not peptidoglycan associated, were apparent in the OM of K. aerogenes grown in iron restricted (serum) or iron deficient (Fe-CDM) media. An 18.5 kDal protein was also present in the OM of stationary phase K. aerogenes following growth in Fe + CDM, in iron saturated serum and in citrate supplemented CDM but was repressed in Fe-CDM or in serum. Enterochelin but not aerobactin was detected in the spent supernates of iron deficient K. aerogenes. Inoculation of iron replete K. aerogenes into low iron CDM (less than 17 X 10(-7) M-Fe3+) produced IRMP and enterochelin within two generations, and several generations before the end of exponential phase. Inoculation of iron depleted cells into Fe + CDM resulted in dilution rather than active excretion from the OM of the IRMP, 1.5 generations being required for the initial level to decrease by one-half and 4 generations for it to return to that observed after growth to stationary phase in Fe + CDM. The appearance of the IRMP of K. aerogenes grown under iron depletion was unaffected by prior growth of the inoculum in a gross excess of iron which suggested that whether or not K. aerogenes was capable of storing iron, it rapidly responded to the extracellular iron concentration. PMID- 6239010 TI - Coarctation of the aorta treated by transvascular balloon angioplasty. PMID- 6239011 TI - Olfactory tubercle choline acetyltransferase activity in Alzheimer-type dementia, Down's syndrome and Huntington's chorea. PMID- 6239012 TI - Effector mechanisms operative in adoptive therapy of tumor-bearing animals: implications for the use of interleukin-2. AB - Disseminated tumors growing progressively in syngeneic hosts can be eradicated by combination therapy with cyclophosphamide and adoptive transfer of specifically immune T cells. Interleukin-2 (IL-2), which induces proliferation of T cells specifically activated by antigen, has substantial therapeutic potential as a reagent for increasing the magnitude of tumor-specific T cell responses. The purpose of the present studies was to determine the effector mechanisms operative in tumor-bearing hosts by which subpopulations of immune T cells can mediate tumor eradication, and to determine if the in vivo administration of exogenous IL 2 can augment these T cell effector functions. Disseminated leukemia was eradicated by adoptive therapy with the immune Lyt 1+2- noncytolytic T cell subpopulation, under experimental conditions in which cytolytic T lymphocytes could not participate. The Lyt 1+2- subset contains helper/amplifier cells that produce endogenous IL-2 in response to tumor and effector cells that mediate delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions. The administration of exogenous IL-2 following transfer of immune T cells containing this noncytolytic subset failed to augment their therapeutic activity, implying that the amount of IL-2 being produced endogenously did not limit the antitumor response. Adoptive therapy with purified cytolytic Lyt 1-2+ T cells produced a demonstrable but limited antitumor effect. Since this cytolytic subpopulation lacked helper T cells, the limited activity observed presumably reflected a requirement for an IL-2-producing cell. Administration of exogenous IL-2 following cell transfer satisfied this requirement and markedly augmented the efficacy of adoptive therapy with Lyt 1-2+ T cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6239013 TI - Abnormal indomethacin-sensitive suppression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of cancer patients restricts augmentation by interleukin-2. AB - The capacity of the immunomodulators interleukin-2 (IL-2) and indomethacin to augment phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-induced lymphoproliferation in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of cancer patients was evaluated. Ficoll-Hypaque isolated PBMC from 20 patients with disseminated non-lymphoreticular solid tumors were stimulated with PHA in the presence of IL-2, indomethacin, or IL-2 plus indomethacin. Augmentation of PHA responsiveness by each immunomodulator was additive. There was a significant negative correlation between PHA reactivity and immunomodulation by indomethacin. There was no correlation between PHA reactivity and immunomodulation by IL-2. A significant negative correlation was also found between indomethacin-induced augmentation and IL-2-induced augmentation in patients with significantly impaired reactivity to PHA. Still, the combined effects of IL-2 and indomethacin could not prevent the suppressive effects of prostaglandin E2 added to PHA-stimulated cultures containing both immunomodulators. These results suggest that the presence of abnormal indomethacin-sensitive immunoregulation in PBMC from cancer patients limits lymphocyte responsiveness to IL-2 and suggests that these two immunomodulators might be combined in certain cancer patient therapies. PMID- 6239014 TI - Distribution of hematoporphyrin derivative in the rat 9l gliosarcoma brain tumor analyzed by digital video fluorescence microscopy. AB - A digital video fluorescence microscopy technique was used to evaluate the distribution of hematoporphyrin derivative (HPD) in the rat intracerebral 9L gliosarcoma brain-tumor model at 4, 24, 48, and 72 hours after intravenous administration of 10 mg/kg of the drug. Compared to surrounding normal brain, there was significant preferential uptake of HPD into the tumor. In sections surveyed, fluorescence reached a maximum value by 24 hours; however, only 33% to 44% of the tumor was fluorescent. In contrast, fluorescence within the surrounding normal brain was maximum at 4 hours, but was present in less than 1% of the brain tissue evaluated. The effect of HPD sensitization to a laser light dose (633 nm) of 30 joules/sq cm delivered through the intact skull was evaluated histologically in 10 rats. A patchy coagulation necrosis, possibly corresponding to the distribution of HPD fluorescence seen within the tumor, was observed. There was evidence that photoradiation therapy (PRT) affects defective tumor vasculature and that a direct tumor cell toxicity spared normal brain tissue. Despite these findings, limited uptake of HPD in tumor and the brain adjacent to tumor may decrease the effectiveness of PRT in the 9L gliosarcoma brain-tumor model. Because of the similarity between the capillary system of the 9L tumor and human brain tumors, PRT may have a limited therapeutic effect in patients with malignant brain tumors. PMID- 6239015 TI - Neurological disorders with autosomal dominant transmission. AB - Neurofibromatosis, Huntington's disease, and myotonic dystrophy are three hereditary disorders affecting the nervous system. They have in common the basic principles of autosomal dominant inheritance: an affected individual has one parent with the disorder; the disorder affects males and females in approximately equal numbers; and an affected individual has a 50 percent risk of transmitting the disorder to every child. Furthermore, each of the three disorders have additional features that complicate genetic counseling and decisions about reproduction. Neurofibromatosis has an extremely variable expressivity, making the identification of affected individuals difficult and allowing for some reduction in the risk figures; although there is a 50 percent risk of a child inheriting the mutant gene, only one-fourth to one-third of these will experience serious consequences. Huntington's disease has a fairly typical course with degeneration occurring over 10 to 20 years. The frequent late onset of the disorder and the lack of any preclinical test for detecting carriers create problems for those at risk who wish to have children but do not want to pass the disorder to future generations. Both variable expressivity and variable onset are found in myotonic dystrophy. In addition, there is a risk of the severe early onset myotonic dystrophy when the mother is the affected parent. Genetic counseling should be available to patients and families with these three disorders. Nurses who have an understanding of the dynamics of these particular disorders can be empathetic to patients who face personal and family problems caused by the conditions. Alert nursing staff, in casual discussion with patients, may learn of hereditary disorders in a family or may notice symptoms that could lead to diagnosis of one of these disorders. Finally, nurses who are aware of the variations in genetic transmission of these disorders, may be in position to instruct and reinforce genetic counseling that the family has received. PMID- 6239016 TI - Therapeutic use of companion pets for neurologically impaired patients. PMID- 6239017 TI - Uptake of Tc-99m MDP in muscle anticipating clinical evidence of a carcinomatous myopathy. PMID- 6239018 TI - Dental responsibility for the medically compromised patient. 4. PMID- 6239019 TI - The role of the free-way space in the generation of muscle pain among denture wearers. AB - Although the myofascial pain dysfunction syndrome has a multiple aetiology, faulty vertical dimension is a frequent cause of muscular pain among wearers of full dentures. Furthermore, it has been found that the restoration of a physiological free-way space in such cases, using a method which is based upon cephalometric analysis of the gonial angle, often leads to a dramatic remission of pain. The present investigation was prompted by curiosity as to what the underlying algogenic mechanisms in these cases might be; and how a change in the vertical dimension should so modify them as to result in the disappearance of the pain symptoms. The study is necessarily of a speculative nature, and makes use of two representative cases, one of which was adjudged to have too little free-way, and the other too much. Principles of neuromuscular physiology are applied in attempting to explain the clinical phenomena involved, as well as to find a reason for certain electro-myographic artefacts noted in one of the cases, which would appear to call into question the notion that muscular hyperactivity, per se, is responsible for muscular pain. Potgieter, Monteith & Kemp (1983) have presented an hypothesis that the amount of free-way space present in an individual is an expression of the contractile power of the masseter and medial pterygoid muscles. They have also devised a method whereby, through cephalometric analysis, the optimal amount of free-way may be determined for an edentulous patient during denture construction. Furthermore, they have stated that their method has proved particularly effective in the treatment of denture-wearers presenting with symptoms of the myofascial pain dysfunction syndrome. However, in the light of this syndrome's multifactorial aetiology one must assume that only those symptoms which are related to a faulty free-way space are at issue. The purpose of the present investigation is to examine the latter assertion; and by the application of the suggested method of cephalometric analysis to two representative cases, attempt to explain the phenomenon in terms of neuromuscular mechanisms. Of the two cases to be examined, one was found to have too much free way, while the other had been provided with too little. Both had presented with symptoms of severe muscle pain. PMID- 6239020 TI - Surface roughness and marginal behaviour of experimental and commercial composites: an in vitro study. AB - Three experimental inhomogeneous microfilled composites (IMC) containing spherical prepolymerized particles with an interpenetrating network (IPN) were compared with the reference materials Estic MF, Adaptic and the amalgam Dispersalloy in vitro. With surface roughness tests, different polishing procedures were investigated. In addition an SEM analysis of the margins of Class I fillings using a replica technique was performed. With the same technique the proximal boxes of Class II fillings were analysed to further determine the best method to handle the materials clinically. The experimental materials showed a superior adaptation to the walls of proximal boxes of Class II cavities than the reference materials. This superiority was increased by the use of a filled bonding agent. The influence of viscosity, filler load and glass transition point on adaptation and polymerization shrinkage are discussed. It was concluded that especially designed diamonds with very fine abrasive particle size (40 micrograms and 15 micrograms) are the best for finishing and contouring composite fillings. Based on the results of this study it is recommended to use the experimental material for clinical investigations. PMID- 6239021 TI - Determination of dose-response relationship for nebulized ipratropium in asthmatic children. PMID- 6239022 TI - Need for immunoprophylaxis in infants born to HBsAg-positive carrier mothers who are HBeAg negative. PMID- 6239023 TI - Outcome in infants 501 to 1000 gm birth weight delivered to residents of the McMaster Health Region. AB - The mortality and morbidity for all 255 live births of infants with birth weight 501 to 1000 gm and delivered to residents of a geographically defined region between 1977 and 1980 are reported. In all, 117 (46%) infants were discharged alive; there were four postdischarge deaths, and three infants were lost to follow-up. The mean birth weight and gestational age of the survivors was 850 +/- 118 gm and 27.1 +/- 2 weeks, respectively. Neurosensory handicaps were detected in 26 (24%) of 110 survivors followed for a minimum of 2 years corrected age. In addition, 29 (26%) infants had nonneurologic problems and 55 (50%) were considered apparently normal. Within 100 gm birth weight groups, survival improved significantly with increasing birth weight, but the handicap rate among survivors remained relatively constant. These figures are proposed for use in describing the current prognosis at birth for liveborn tiny infants from comparable unselected populations. PMID- 6239024 TI - Utilization of sealants by practicing pedodontists. PMID- 6239025 TI - Percutaneous absorption and disposition of iodochlorhydroxyquin in dogs. AB - The percutaneous absorption and disposition of iodochlorhydroxyquin (5-chloro-7 iodo-8-quinolinol; I) from a 3% cream were studied in five dogs over a 28-d topical treatment period. Plasma levels, determined by HPLC, were 0.275-0.525 microgram/mL. The steady-state elimination rate of total I in urine was 2.4-3.0 mg/d. The apparent elimination rate constant and half-life were 0.25 +/- 0.05 d-1 and 3.1 +/- 0.5 d, respectively. Greater than 50% of topically applied I was absorbed over 16 h. Occlusion of the skin without the drug indicated that the skin acted as a reservoir for the drug. Feces analysis for iodochlorhydroxyquin from one dog showed that 27.1 +/- 8.5 mg/d was eliminated via this route. Tissue levels of I 15 d after the 28-d topical treatment were 0.7 microgram/g of liver, 0.2 microgram/g of kidney, and 0.8 microgram/g of mesenteric fat. The apparent rate constants of plasma level decline after a 100-mg iv bolus dose of I were alpha = 3.9 h-1 and beta = 0.6 h-1. The urinary elimination after intravenous administration was biphasic. The rate constant for the slow elimination phase was 0.4 +/- 0.1 d-1, and the half-life was 2.0 +/- 0.5 d. The primary neurological symptoms observed during topical treatment were ataxia and hind limb paralysis. Microscopic examination revealed liver necrosis. A weight loss of 15.3 +/- 2.7% was also observed over the 28-d topical treatment period. The results indicate that significant percutaneous absorption of I occurs, and that chronic high-dose topical treatment may lead to toxicity. PMID- 6239026 TI - Reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic determination of halogenated 8-hydroxyquinoline compounds in pharmaceuticals and bulk drugs. AB - A reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method was developed for determining iodochlorhydroxyquin, 5,7-dichloro-8-hydroxyquinoline, and 5,7-diiodo-8-hydroxyquinoline in creams, ointments, shampoos, tablets, and bulk drugs. A column packed with 10-micron phenyl-silica and a mobile phase of 0.001 M NiCl2 in acetonitrile-methanol-water (30:20:50) was used to separate the nickel complexes of the three drugs, with detection at 273 nm. Analysis of creams, ointments, shampoos, and tablets gave results close to the label declarations. Recovery of standard material added to samples was greater than or equal to 98%. Linearity of response was shown over a range of 30-150% of label claim for standards of the three drug substances. Multiple analyses of iodochlorhydroxyquin and diiodohydroxyquinoline bulk drugs showed purities of 99.96 and 98.77% with CV of 1.17 and 0.73%, respectively. The HPLC method offers an alternative to current USP procedures, which lack stability-indicating and specificity characteristics. PMID- 6239027 TI - Analysis of N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)retinamide polymorphic forms by X-ray powder diffraction. AB - A quantitative X-ray diffraction method, with zinc oxide used as the internal standard, was developed for the analysis of polymorphic forms I and II of N-(4 hydroxyphenyl)retinamide. The standard curve relating peak height ratio to the percentage of form I was linear. The method was precise and accurate to within +/ 6%. PMID- 6239028 TI - Effect of the dentin smeared layer on tensile strength of cemented posts. AB - The tensile strengths for post lengths of 4 and 7 mm were compared in vitro with 3 different cementing media. In one group, the post preparation was rinsed with 5.25% NaOCl and in the other with 17% EDTA followed by 5.25% NaOCl. The EDTA NaOCl flush had a profound effect when unfilled resin was used to cement the posts. A 4 mm post cemented with resin in the EDTA-NaOCl group was one and one half times as retentive as a 7 mm post cemented with zinc phosphate and twice as strong as the 7 mm post with polycarboxylate cement. The 7 mm post cemented with the resin after the EDTA-NaOCl rinse was twice as resistant to displacement as the 7 mm post cemented with zinc phosphate and three times stronger than the polycarboxylate cement. PMID- 6239029 TI - Thermal expansion and filler content of composite resins. PMID- 6239031 TI - A simple technique for measuring lumbar spinal flexion. Its use in orthopaedic practice. PMID- 6239030 TI - Trypanosoma cruzi from the Paraguayan Chaco: isoenzyme profiles of strains isolated at Makthlawaiya. AB - At Makthlawaiya, in the Paraguayan Chaco, the prevalence of Trypanosoma (Schizotrypanum) cruzi infection among both domestic Triatoma infestans and domestic dogs was 38%, and IgG anti-T. cruzi antibody was detected by the quantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in 80% (105/133) of human sera. Ninety percent (25/28) of T. cruzi strains isolated from both T. infestans and dogs showed heterozygous isoenzyme profiles for glucose phosphate isomerase, phosphoglucomutase and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase. These strains appeared to be closely related to Bolivian zymodeme 2. Three Paraguayan T. cruzi strains showed homozygous isoenzyme profiles, similar to those of major Brazilian zymodemes. It was concluded that T. cruzi strains with heterozygous isoenzyme profiles predominate in domestic transmission cycles in this highly endemic area of the Paraguayan Chaco. PMID- 6239032 TI - Comparison of the care of children with Down's syndrome with the care of matched controls. AB - A prospective study of the care of 134-children with Down's syndrome and 134 age- and sex-matched control children during 1981 has shown that the former group had significantly greater contact with the general practitioner, mostly owing to respiratory problems which were treated significantly more often with antibiotics. Referrals to specialist care were more common in the Down's children but the interface between general practice and paediatric care was not great. The study emphasizes the need for general practitioners to plan the care of Down's children and normal children with respect both to acute illness and the monitoring of chronic childhood illness. PMID- 6239033 TI - Existence of suppressor cells in the spleen of allogeneic and syngeneic primiparous pregnant mice. AB - Mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) and in vitro induction of cytolytic cells against alloantigens were investigated using spleen cells from primiparous mice mated allogeneically or syngeneically. One-way MLR was reduced significantly in degree not only in allogeneic but also in syngeneic pregnant mice. MLR of virgin spleen cells was suppressed when mitomycin C-treated spleen cells taken from syngeneic or allogeneic pregnant mice were added as regulator cells. These suppressive effects disappeared when regulator cells were treated with anti-Thy 1 or anti-Lyt 2 serum plus complement. Generation of cytotoxic lymphocytes from syngeneic or allogeneic pregnancy spleen cells in MLR was depressed compared with that from virgin spleen cells. The addition of pregnancy spleen cells to MLR suppressed in vitro generation of cytotoxic lymphocytes from virgin spleen cells. These results indicated that reduction of in vitro cellular responses of pregnancy spleen cells was due to suppressor cells in the spleens. These cells suppressed non specifically the reactions to alloantigens and could be detected both in allogeneic and syngeneic primiparous pregnancies. PMID- 6239034 TI - Monocyte chemotactic factor production in mixed cultures of maternal and neonatal human lymphocytes. AB - The immunological interaction between related maternal and neonatal human lymphocytes was investigated by assaying monocyte chemotactic factor production in mixed cell culture. Lymphokine was detected in a significantly lower proportion of maternal-neonatal cell cultures compared to mixed cultures of cells from unrelated adults and/or neonates. It is possible that a reduced inflammatory mediator production at the feto-maternal interface may contribute to the survival of the fetal allograft. PMID- 6239036 TI - Laparoscopy under local anaesthesia. PMID- 6239035 TI - Pregnancy-specific-beta 1-glycoprotein: effect on lymphocyte proliferation in vitro. AB - The effects of three different preparations of pregnancy-specific-beta 1 glycoprotein (SP1) were investigated in parallel with progesterone, oestradiol and human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) on the proliferative response of lymphocytes in the mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR), and to the mitogens phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) and pokeweed mitogen (PWM). A dose-related inhibition of the MLR was obtained with SP1 at 2.5-10 mg/l. SP1 also inhibited the PHA response at 10 mg/l, but had no effect on the PWM response at these concentrations. Progesterone and oestradiol inhibited all systems at 10-20 mg/l while hCG inhibited all systems at 1500-3000 IU/ml. The observations suggest that SP1 selectively inhibits the proliferative responses of T lymphocytes at the concentrations studied. PMID- 6239037 TI - Mosaic Down's syndrome with de novo 45,XX,-21,-22,+t(21q;22q)/46,XX, 21,+t(21q;21q) rearrangement. AB - The occurrence of mosaic Down's syndrome with two independent Robertsonian translocation cell lines is very rare. Such a patient is reported here, in whom an unbalanced Robertsonian translocation between two chromosomes 21 was detected in the majority of cells. The patient also revealed a minor cell line with a second Robertsonian translocation involving a chromosome 21 and a 22. The chromosome translocations detected in this patient were de novo in origin. PMID- 6239038 TI - Placental transfer of phenylalanine in Macaca mulatta and Macaca fascicularis. AB - We investigated placental transport mechanisms of phenylalanine in Macaca mulatta and Macaca fascicularis. In the beginning of the third trimester we administered i.v. phenylalanine and p-chlorophenylalanine to pregnant animals. Initial higher phenylalanine concentrations were observed followed by a rapid decrease in both rhesus mothers and fetuses when compared with phenylalanine levels in fascicularis mothers and fetuses. In general, however, placental transfer mechanisms of phenylalanine did not differ significantly between the two species. PMID- 6239039 TI - Hepatitis B vaccine safety monitoring in the chimpanzee: interpretation of results. AB - In September, 1983, a group of French and American experts met at the French National Health Laboratory to discuss their experience in monitoring for the safety of a hepatitis B vaccine in 42 chimpanzees. The observations made, conclusions reached, and recommendations for future studies are presented. PMID- 6239041 TI - Occupational cancer: clinical interpretation and application of scientific evidence. AB - Maintaining an awareness that workplace factors may contribute to occupational cancer is one of the most formidable obstacles in early clinical recognition. This early recognition provides an opportunity for a practicing physician to make an important contribution to new knowledge in the field. Another important reason for the physician to have a high index of suspicion of cancers being related to workplace exposures has to do with compensation benefits which may accrue to the injured worker. The physician's role in the compensation system is critical both in providing medical opinion, which is material to the final decision, and because in many states it is the physician who starts the time clock for the statute of limitations. Three case examples are used to illustrate the importance of clinical recognition by an alert physician: 1) mesothelioma and labor; 2) lung cancer in a plumber who smokes and one who does not smoke; 3) leukemia in a rubber industry worker. Given the inherent preventable nature of occupational cancers, it is hoped that society will assist in searching for these important links. PMID- 6239040 TI - In vitro effects of pyrethroids on rat brain and liver ATPase activities. AB - In vitro sensitivity of rat brain and liver ATPases to pyrethroid insecticides, belonging to three categories based on the structural configuration, was studied. Rat brain and liver P2 fractions were prepared by the conventional centrifugation method, and rat brain synaptosomes were prepared by Ficoll-sucrose gradient centrifugation method. Na+, K+-ATPase and oligomycin-sensitive and -insensitive Mg2+- ATPases were determined in brain P2 fraction, whereas in liver P2 fraction only oligomycin-sensitive and -insensitive Mg2+-ATPase activities were determined. [3H]Ouabain binding studies were carried with rat brain synaptosomes. Most of the pyrethroid compounds tested inhibited brain and liver oligomycin sensitive Mg2+-ATPases at micromolar concentrations. Type II compounds were more effective as compared to Type I compounds. Oligomycin-insensitive Mg2+-ATPase was not affected by any of the compounds tested except deltamethrin, which showed significant effect on liver enzyme. Na+, K+-ATPase of brain was less sensitive to these pyrethroids as compared to oligomycin-sensitive Mg2+-ATPase. [3H]Ouabain binding to rat brain synaptosomes was not affected significantly by these pyrethroid insecticides. These results suggest that inhibition of oligomycin sensitive Mg2+-ATPase may be involved in the toxicity of pyrethroid compounds. PMID- 6239042 TI - Thromboembolism and cancer: treatment with the Hunter balloon. AB - Between 1970 and 1982, 126 inferior vena cava (IVC) balloon occlusions were performed for complications of venous thromboembolism (VTE). Forty, or 32%, were in patients with cancer. There were 20 men and 20 women. The average age was 60.8 +/- 2 years. Cancers of the brain, lung, and breast, along with diffuse metastatic disease with unknown primary disease, were equally common and represented 50% of our cases. Indications for IVC occlusion included pulmonary embolus despite anticoagulation (AC); 50% VTE and contraindication to AC, 38%; and complications of AC, 12%. Three patients died from ongoing complications of previous AC. Eight additional patients died of cancer, for a hospital mortality rate of 28%. Twenty-nine patients were discharged an average of 28.4 +/- 4.3 days after IVC balloon occlusion. Twenty of these patients subsequently died of cancer an average of 13 +/- 4.7 months after hospital discharge. Eight patients remain alive, four for more than 4 years. Pulmonary emboli did not occur after balloon occlusion, and there were no balloon complications. Only 4 of 29 discharged patients had mild leg edema. Hunter balloon occlusion of the IVC represents a safe and effective method for managing complications of VTE in patients with cancer. Early hospital discharge is possible, treatment is permanent, and future chemotherapy is not compromised by the need for long-term anticoagulation. PMID- 6239043 TI - Percutaneous transluminal dilatation of peripheral arteries: an analysis of factors predicting early success. AB - Four hundred ninety-five patients undergoing peripheral arterial percutaneous transluminal dilatation (TLD) with the Gruntzig balloon catheter were studied prospectively to determine which factors could be used to predict a successful result from the procedure. Ten variables were recorded before the TLD. The procedure was considered a success at follow-up if both the clinical grade and the objective vascular laboratory results improved. The results of a logistic discriminant function analysis showed that three variables were associated with success of a TLD at 3 months: the site of the TLD, the severity of the lesion (i.e., stenosis or occlusion), and the runoff. With these results, logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the chances of a successful result for all combinations of these significant variables. It is concluded that the early result of a TLD is determined by the site of the TLD, the severity of the lesion, and the runoff. A table of the estimated chances of success for any combination of these variables has been constructed and accurately describes our patient population. PMID- 6239044 TI - Should the risk of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome deter hepatitis B vaccination? A decision analysis. AB - The current epidemic of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and fear that its causative agent contaminates the currently available hepatitis B vaccine may have deterred vaccine use. We formulated a decision-analytic model that compares the risk of death from hepatitis B and AIDS in those vaccinated with the risk of death from hepatitis B alone in those who wait two years for a synthetic vaccine. For individuals with 5% annual risk of hepatitis B, the best current estimate is that vaccination now would save 25 lives per 100,000. The best current estimate of the rate of vaccine-induced AIDS is zero, and one can be 95% confident that the rate is less than eight per 100,000. The rate would have to be considerably higher before postponement of vaccination would be rational for those for whom vaccination has been recommended. PMID- 6239046 TI - [Case of helper T cell lymphoma arising from so-called T-zone lymphoma with polycythemia and marked eosinophil infiltration]. PMID- 6239045 TI - Successful surgical repair of left ventricular rupture after acute myocardial infarction. AB - A 61-year-old man with impending myocardial infarction was admitted and treated by percutaneous transluminal coronary recanalization (PTCR) therapy using Urokinase. Patient's symptoms subsided and his general condition maintained stable until the fifth hospital day, when he developed the signs of cardiac rupture. He was operated upon immediately, and the left ventricular rupture was confirmed and repaired successfully. Patient recovered from the surgery well. This report describes the rare successful surgical case of cardiac rupture secondary to acute myocardial infarction in Japan. PMID- 6239047 TI - [A case of suppressor/cytotoxic T cell lymphoma originating from the skin and revealing a rapid clinical course due to DIC]. PMID- 6239048 TI - [Determination of aortic medial tissue acid mucopolysaccharide and glycoprotein in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats]. PMID- 6239049 TI - Left ventricular function of concentric hypertrophied heart after chronic pressure overload as studied in the isolated canine heart preparation. AB - The function of the pressure-overload left ventricle was studied in relation to the chamber geometry of the isolated canine heart. The occurrence of concentric hypertrophy was confirmed in dogs with aortic constriction 40 weeks after operation. The effect of the concentric hypertrophy on left ventricular function was then studied in five pressure-overload dogs. The end-diastolic pressure of the preparation was preset at 20 mmHg. In the pressure-overload ventricle, the end-diastolic volume was smaller by 47% (p less than 0.01) and the peak systolic pressure was higher by 24% (p less than 0.01) than the control at isovolumic beats. Ejection pressure was controlled by our afterload controlling system at various levels and kept constant during the ejection phase. When ejection pressure was the same, the difference in stroke volume between the experimental and control groups was not significant. In the pressure-overload ventricle, the slope (the reciprocal is Emax) of the regression line of the end-systolic volume on ejection pressure decreased (p less than 0.01) to 0.095 ml/mmHg by 47% from 0.186 ml/mmHg in the control. The volume-axis intercept (Vd) of the line was reduced to 55% of the control. A decrease in the regression line slope was in linear proportion to the degree of concentric hypertrophy, namely, to the change in chamber geometry. These results indicated that: Despite reduction of the end diastolic volume, the concentric hypertrophied ventricle showed no reduction in stroke volume at the same level of ejection pressure, because of its improved capability to generate pressure. Emax was dependent on ventricular geometry. PMID- 6239050 TI - Studies on experimental immune complex nephritis (3). Therapeutic effect of prostaglandin E1 alpha-cyclodextrin host molecule (PGE1 . CD) on serum sickness nephritis in rats. AB - The effect of prostaglandin E1 alpha-cyclodextrin host molecule (PGE1 . CD) was estimated by using a model of immune complex glomerulonephritis induced in rats by i.v. injection of 1 mg of rabbit serum albumin every other day. PGE1 . CD was given subcutaneously for 10 days after nephritis was definitely induced and resulted in a rapid restoration of various biochemical parameters, especially in plasma. The continuous s.c. administration of PGE1 . CD (300 micrograms/rat/day) with a mini osmotic pump provoked a therapeutic effect similar to that obtained with twice daily s.c. administration of PGE1 . CD (300 micrograms/rat X 2/day). Both PGE1 . CD groups revealed less glomerular damage and fewer locations of immune complexes in glomeruli as demonstrated by light and immunofluorescence microscopy. The beneficial effect of PGE1 . CD may be associated with reduced immune complex deposits in glomeruli. The present studies suggest that PGE1 . CD may enhance the clearance of immune complex deposits from the glomeruli rather than inhibiting the formation of immune complex in the circulation. PMID- 6239051 TI - Potentiation of EPN-induced inhibition of liver microsomal carboxylesterase by addition of liver cytosol from 6-aminonicotinamide-treated, starved rats. AB - Addition of liver cytosol from 16 hr-starved rats treated with 6 aminonicotinamide to rat liver microsomes caused potentiation of the anti carboxylesterase action of ethyl-p-nitrophenyl phenylphosphonothioate (EPN). This was not found when liver cytosol from non-pretreated rats after 16 hr-starvation was used. This potentiation of EPN-induced inhibition of carboxylesterase may be, at least in part, explained by the fact that treatment of rats with 6 aminonicotinamide resulted in a significant increase in NADPH level in liver cytosol which, in turn, stimulated formation of an EPN oxygen analog, a potent inhibitor of carboxylesterase, through cytochrome P-450-coupled monooxygenase. PMID- 6239052 TI - Effect of zimeldine, a new antidepressant, on the forced swimming test in rats. PMID- 6239053 TI - [Immunological studies of T gamma cells (IgG Fc-receptors bearing T cells) in peripheral blood of patients with sarcoidosis]. PMID- 6239054 TI - [A surgical approach for left ventricular aneurysm and acute myocardial infarction. Special reference to successful myocardial replacement with a dacron prosthesis for acute intraventricular rupture and left ventricular free-wall rupture]. PMID- 6239055 TI - [The operation for the exclusion of ruptured thoracic aortic aneurysm. With special reference to the problem of the extra-anatomic bypass operation]. PMID- 6239056 TI - [A case of coronary anastomotic aneurysm 5 years after Bentall procedure in Marfan syndrome]. PMID- 6239057 TI - [Immunological studies on renal transplantation. II. Application of flow cytometry to mixed lymphocyte culture reaction]. PMID- 6239058 TI - Mesangial immune injury, hypertension, and progressive glomerular damage in Dahl rats. AB - Hypertension frequently accompanies chronic glomerulonephritis. Mesangial injury and glomerulosclerosis are common in glomerulonephritis and are often harbingers of progressive glomerular destruction. Thus, in a model of mesangial immune injury we studied the relationship between hypertension, mesangial injury, and glomerulosclerosis. We induced mesangial ferritin-antiferritin immune complex disease (FIC) in Dahl salt-sensitive (S) and salt-resistant (R) rats. S and R rats with FIC were fed chow containing 0.3% NaCl until 14 weeks of age and then switched to 8.0% NaCl chow until 28 weeks of age. Groups of control S and R rats (no FIC) were either fed 0.3% NaCl for 28 weeks or switched to 8.0% NaCl chow at 14 weeks of age. Blood pressure, serum creatinine, urinary protein, and glomerular injury (assessed by semiquantitative morphometric analysis) were determined at 14 and 28 weeks of age. R rats with or without FIC did not develop hypertension; mesangial injury was minimal. At 14 weeks of age, only S FIC rats developed hypertension, proteinuria, significant mesangial expansion and early glomerulosclerosis. At 28 weeks of age, proteinuria, mesangial expansion, and glomerulosclerosis were significantly more severe in hypertensive S rats with FIC than in those without FIC. These studies show that despite a normal salt intake, mesangial injury hastened the onset of hypertension, but only in rats genetically predisposed to hypertension (S FIC at 14 weeks). High dietary salt further aggravated hypertension, which, in turn, magnified both mesangial injury and glomerulosclerosis. Clinically, the different rates of progression of human glomerulonephritis associated with hypertension may be in part dependent on similar mechanisms. PMID- 6239059 TI - [Laparoscopic characteristics and tumor dissemination in stomach cancer]. PMID- 6239060 TI - [Histochemical changes in corneal enzyme activity after experimental irradiation with radioactive cobalt]. PMID- 6239061 TI - Kinetic properties of erythrocyte phosphofructokinase in patients with type VII glycogenosis from two families--close similarity to liver type phosphofructokinase. AB - The kinetic properties of phosphofructokinases (PFKs) from normal human liver, muscle and erythrocytes, and from erythrocytes of two unrelated patients with type VII glycogenosis (muscle PFK deficiency, McKusick 23280) were analysed in this study. Sensitivity to inhibition by ATP and to inhibition by 3 phosphoglycerate, 2-phosphoglycerate, phosphoenolpyruvate and citrate were quite different for muscle and liver PFKs. The kinetic characteristics of normal erythrocyte PFK were intermediate between those of muscle and liver PFKs. The kinetic constants of erythrocyte PFK of a patient in one family were indistinguishable from those in the other family. In addition, kinetic behaviour of residual PFK activity in erythrocytes from patients in the two families were quite similar to those of normal liver PFK. These results of kinetic analyses provide convincing evidence for the concept that normal erythrocyte PFK consists of muscle and liver type subunits. Residual erythrocyte PFK activity in type VII glycogenosis is thus concluded to reflect the activity of liver type PFK existing in patient's erythrocytes. PMID- 6239062 TI - Evaluation of the School Nurse Achievement Program: a follow-up survey of school nurses. AB - The University of Colorado School Nurse Achievement Program (SNAP) is a national continuing education program for school nurses who want to increase and improve the services they provide to disabled students. In this article, the results of one of the evaluation studies conducted on SNAP--a six-month follow-up survey of graduates--are reported. Generally, the results indicated high perceived effectiveness of SNAP in terms of increasing school nurses' knowledge and skills related to working with disabled students. These findings should be of value to readers interested in SNAP, in particular, as well as to those interested in the role of the school nurse with disabled students. PMID- 6239063 TI - Frequency of word occurrence in communication samples produced by adult communication aid users. AB - Communication samples generated by five nonspeaking adults using Canon Communicators were collected for 14 consecutive days. Samples were analyzed to determine frequency of word occurrence. A core vocabulary of the 500 most frequently occurring words was analyzed further to determine spelling level and proportion of complete communication samples represented by subsets of the core vocabulary list. The 500 core vocabulary words represented 80% of the total words in the combined communication samples for the 5 subjects. Of all messages generated by the subjects, 33% could be communicated in their entirety using words from the core vocabulary list. The communication of the remaining messages required one or more words in addition to the core vocabulary. The spelling grade level of the words in the core vocabulary list did not exceed the seventh grade. The implications of the results for designing and customizing communication aids and for potential user training are discussed. PMID- 6239064 TI - Statistical clustering procedures applied to low-cost speech recognition. AB - A new generation of low-cost speech recognition devices are appearing, which offer much promise for useful applications in biomedical engineering. These devices are statistical pattern recognizers. Input utterances are classified by comparison with a set of templates derived during 'speaker training'. For useful application of these devices, recognition accuracy must be high and speaker training must not be unacceptably complicated or tedious. This paper investigates techniques which consider the statistical nature of the input utterances, used to improve recognition accuracy. Word classification based on the Mahalonobis distance metric, and using templates derived from cluster analysis of the training inputs, was found to give results superior to the other strategies studied. This classifier was unsuitable for implementation in a real-time, low cost system but the principle of clustering was successfully applied to produce an adaptive system which tracked changes in the user's voice. This allowed training to be drastically simplified by updating templates during normal operation. The adaptive system achieved 98.8% recognition accuracy on a 32 word vocabulary compared to 94.8% without adaptation. PMID- 6239065 TI - Interrupted reflection fibre optic communication device for the severely disabled. AB - The difference between light reflected from the open eye and that reflected from the closed lid is detected by means of an optic fibre attached to a spectacle frame. That difference is processed electronically to produce a pulse train which may be interpreted either subjectively by a 'listener', or physically for the purpose of controlling external devices. Involuntary blinks may be suppressed. Potential developments of the technique are discussed. PMID- 6239066 TI - [A new oral health center for the handicapped in Tokyo]. PMID- 6239067 TI - [Dental care for the handicapped]. PMID- 6239068 TI - [Massive bleeding during laparoscopy from varicose changes in the minor pelvis]. AB - In a patient aged 53, with metastatic adenocarcinoma in lymph nodes of the neck, laparoscopy was performed on suspicion of the presence of ovarian primary carcinoma. Laparotomy revealed a bluish tumour in the region of the right adnexa. A small part of the tumour was excised, producing profuse bleeding from the varicose swelling in the mesosalpinx, the size of a fist. The bleeding was stopped only by laparotomy. Here, too, a metastatic carcinoma was diagnosed histologically. PMID- 6239069 TI - In vitro study of intraventricular flow. PMID- 6239070 TI - Measurement of urine flow in catheterised patients using the gravimetric principle. PMID- 6239072 TI - [Vascular surgery reconstruction--but how?]. PMID- 6239071 TI - PIC-MAN: a single-input control drawing program for the Apple II. PMID- 6239073 TI - [Gynecologic laparoscopy in routine medical care--a prospective study]. PMID- 6239074 TI - [Treatment of pain in the lower part of the back]. PMID- 6239075 TI - [Current principles of radiotherapy of endometrial cancer]. AB - Methodological principles of contact and gamma-beam irradiation of patients with endometrial cancer in combined and concomitant radiotherapy were described. Variants of multipositional gamma-therapy using serial Agat B and Agat B 3 units with volumetric dose distributions determined by calculations, are used for contact radiotherapy. For concomitant radiotherapy methods of automated gamma beam therapy of Rokus units with the Altai-MT system and static irradiation with braking radiation of 25 MeV betatron using irregular fields were proposed. All the methods are based upon the clinical testing of the Soviet radiotherapeutic equipment. PMID- 6239076 TI - [People's university in medical ethics and deontology]. PMID- 6239077 TI - Redox control of enzyme activities by thiol/disulfide exchange. PMID- 6239078 TI - Vitamin K-dependent plasma proteins. PMID- 6239079 TI - Occurrence and characterization of selenocysteine in proteins. PMID- 6239080 TI - Identification of selenocysteine by high-performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. PMID- 6239081 TI - Selenocysteine-containing proteins and glutathione peroxidase. PMID- 6239082 TI - Bacteriophage lambda replication proteins: formation of a mixed oligomer and binding to the origin of lambda DNA. AB - The purified bacteriophage lambda replication proteins O and P sediment separately in metrizamide gradients of low ionic strength as dimers. Together they interact with each other forming an oligomer, composed of two molecules of lambda O and one molecule of lambda P. The lambda O-P oligomer is active in the in vitro replication of ori lambda-containing DNA. Equilibrium sedimentation in preformed metrizamide density gradients under conditions that separate DNA protein complexes from free proteins was employed in order to study possible interactions among the lambda replication proteins and ori lambda DNA. It was found that the lambda P protein binds specifically to ori lambda-containing plasmid DNA only in the presence of lambda O protein. About 100 molecules of lambda O and 10 molecules of lambda P form a complex with the ori lambda DNA. The lambda DNA-lambda O-lambda P complex was shown to be active in an in vitro replication system. Since the physical interactions between ori lambda and lambda O and between lambda P and the Escherichia coli dnaB replication protein are well documented, the evidence for a lambda O-P interaction presented in this paper provides the missing link in the molecular mechanism that enables lambda to direct the host replication machinery to the replication of its own DNA. PMID- 6239083 TI - On mother-to-infant bonding. PMID- 6239084 TI - Compensable injury. PMID- 6239085 TI - Skin rash and hydralazine. PMID- 6239087 TI - Minnesota Workers' Compensation Law. Reforms: preventing a delayed recovery. PMID- 6239086 TI - [Preoperative normalization of hypercalcemia, caused by parathyroid cancer, by intravenous administration of dichloromethylene diphosphonate]. PMID- 6239088 TI - Etched metal resin bonded retainers. PMID- 6239089 TI - Involuntary movement disorders. AB - Excluding surgical procedures, this article focuses on clinical pharmacotherapeutic approaches to treatment of parkinsonism and tremor, chorea, dystonia, tic, and tardive dyskinesia. PMID- 6239090 TI - Dermatitis among hospital workers--Oregon. PMID- 6239091 TI - Hepatitis B vaccine: evidence confirming lack of AIDS transmission. PMID- 6239092 TI - [Liver regeneration and the immune system. II. Suppressor activities of lymphocytes activated in vivo by liver regeneration and their genetic control]. AB - The lymph node cells (LNC) activated in vivo by liver regeneration following partial hepatectomy of mice (pLNC: primed lymph node cells) respond to regenerating liver cells in vitro with typical secondary immune response characteristics (as shown in Paper I). These lymph node cells activated in vivo suppress the proliferation of responder lymphocytes cultured with mitomycin C (MMC)-treated regenerating syngeneic liver cells (sMLHLR). The suppressive activity was already present in LNC 4 days after partial hepatectomy and remained unchanged for at least 16 days. These pLNC were effective not only on sMLHLR but also on syngeneic mixed lymphocyte culture (sMLR) and allogeneic mixed lymphocyte culture (MLR), of which responder cells share I-A (I-B) subregions of MHC with pLNC. The pLNC restimulated in vitro with regenerating liver cells (ppLNC: in vitro reactivated pLNC) suppress the proliferation of syngeneic responder cells in sMLR, but not of cells from congeneic mice differing from the ppLNC at a cluster of genes linked to the Ig locus. Thus the suppressive activity of pLNC is controlled by the I-A (I-B) subregions of the MHC and that of ppLNC by genes in the Ig region. PMID- 6239093 TI - Mouse atrio-ventricular valve ultrastructure morphometrical correlations. AB - Morphometric data on mouse atrio-ventricular valve ultrastructure are reported. The statistical analysis of the volumetric density percentage for cellular and extracellular valve components and of endothelial plasmalemmal vesicle density for the different endocardial domains (atrial, valvular and ventricular) showed: the bicuspid compared to the tricuspid valve has a more important lymphatic drainage, less vascularization, higher endothelial plasmalemmal vesicle density and more macrophages, striated muscle cells and collagen along with fewer interstitial cells, nervous terminals and elastin in the leaflet; the valvular endothelium as compared to other endocardial domains has a higher density of plasmalemmal vesicles, considering the results for both endothelial fronts (luminal and abluminal). PMID- 6239094 TI - The effect of ethanol upon early development in mice and rats. VI. In vivo effect of acetaldehyde upon preimplantation stages in rats. AB - In completion of the previously outlined "experimental alcohol blastopathy", the role of acetaldehyde in the induction of preimplantation pathological changes in rat embryos has been controlled. Two experimental models were used: the direct administration of acetaldehyde by gavage and the blockage of acetaldehyde metabolization by ANTALCOL (an aldehyde-dehydrogenase blocking compound). The main results were as follows: The exogenous acetaldehyde in the blood of pregnant animals has an obvious effect upon the developmental rate during the late preimplantation period (retarding segmentation, blastulation), and in one of the experimental models upon the oviductal-uterine migration rate. The increase of the blood acetaldehyde level by blockage of its further metabolization has a more marked effect as compared with the direct intravenous administration of the substance. According to our previous observations the intravenous application of ethanol on the same day (day 4) has no such effect. The direct noxious influence upon the developing preimplantation embryos (fragmentation) of the increased level of acetaldehyde obtained by ANTALCOL treatment is similar but more marked than this effect obtained previously by ethanol administration. The same effect observed after the direct administration of the substance is less marked than the effect of ANTALCOL treatment but more marked than the effect of intravenous ethanol administration. These results attest that acetaldehyde may contribute (alone or together with the effect of ethanol) to the induction of "experimental alcohol blastopathy". The less marked action of the substance proper introduced into the blood stream may be due--in our opinion--to its possible alteration during the period between distillation and application. PMID- 6239095 TI - Myocardial ischemia in Vaquez's disease. AB - The authors report a study performed on the ECG findings in patients affected by polycythemia rubra vera. Clinicopathological correlations are made on the basis of autopsic examinations of 11 of these patients (out of the 21 subjects studied). The clinical investigation was performed on the ECG findings according to the Minnesota Code; pathologic investigation pointed out some particular lesions of myocardial district, as myocardium sclerosis, acute infarction, post infarction scars, vascular lesions of the macro- and microcirculation. The results showed that ECG and the pathological findings in polycythemia vera appear to have a physiopathologic background although the latter is not linked to a well defined anatomopathologic picture. PMID- 6239096 TI - Lung pathogenesis. V. The stereotype development of bronchial and lobular pathological reactions (a systemic approach). AB - Taking into account the present data upon the general stereotyping of different pathological processes of various nature challenged by the extremely numerous environmental actions, a structural analysis of the peculiarities presented by such reactions at the lung level, mainly on bronchial and lobular structures, was attempted. It was shown that the first damaged structures and their behaviour impose the peculiarities of the subsequently developed reactions which manifest a certain stereotyping, different when bronchi or lobules are the first lesioned. Relationships between bronchial and lobular lesions were also analysed and pointed out their role in the development of the whole complex process of the lung. This special aspect of lung complex pathogenesis was also emphasized. PMID- 6239097 TI - Calcifying odontogenic cysts (keratoameloblatomas). AB - Two cases of calcifying odontogenic cyst were studied in males over 50. The histopathological diagnosis was based on the presence of ghost cells, partly calcified, in the thickness of the epithelium lining the cyst. These cells contained keratin occurring without keratohyalin granules. We consider that this lesion may be primary or secondary the latter occurring in common odontogenic cysts through the secondary differentiation of epithelial cells. PMID- 6239098 TI - Cytoenzymochemical changes in acute leukemia cells under cytostatic treatment. AB - Cytomorphologic and cytoenzymochemical changes occurring in leukemic blastic cells of bone marrow and peripheral blood were studied concomitantly in 180 cases of acute leukemia treated with one or more cytostatics, in various association related to the main cytologic type. Cellular effects due to monochemotherapy in various types of acute leukemia varied depending on the cytostatic dose, duration of treatment, and sensitivity of blastic cells to the cytostat. The expression of cellular sensitivity was marked by megaloblastosis of myeloid elements, cell gigantism and intranuclear and cytoplasmic vacuolization. Resistance to cytostatics was demonstrated both by the morphologic aspect of blastic cells which remained unchanged and by their overloading with glycogen, lipids and peroxidases. The relationships between posttherapeutic cellular changes and clinical parameters are discussed. PMID- 6239100 TI - Myocardial lesions in experimental acute heart failure. AB - The present study concerns the morphological and biochemical lesional picture of the myocardium in cases of acute heart failure induced by various experimental models: ligature of the coronary artery, direct electric stimulation of the heart by catheterism, lethal hemorrhage, pneumothorax, beta-adrenergic shock. Worthy of note was the similitude of the lesional myocardium pictures characterized electron microscopically by a wide range of lesions, from reversible to focal cytolysis, and biochemically by decrease of mitochondrial enzymes, ATP, Mg2-1 X K+ and increase of Na+ X H2O, Ca2+. Problems linked to the pathogenesis, reversibility of the lesions and efficiency of certain therapeutical means are discussed. PMID- 6239099 TI - Morphological aspects of the rat kidney preserved by cold storage. IV. Histoenzymological changes. V. Endopeptidase activity. AB - Rat kidneys were preserved by initial washing and cooling perfusion, followed by cold storage at 6 degrees C for 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours, in two different media: Sacks (hyperosmolar electrolytic solution of intracellular type) and Plasmagel (gelation solution 4%). Evidence was found of DPNH-diaphorase, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), leucylaminopeptidase (LAP) and adenosine-triphosphatase (ATPase) (pH 9.4) activities. Histoenzymological determination showed various levels of enzymatic activities in different segments of the nephron, levels relatively well maintained during storage, even at 72 and 96 hours. At the same time, cathepsin B and D and neutral proteinase activities were determined as parameters of maintained cellular enzymatic activity; different aspects were observed with the two preservation media used. PMID- 6239101 TI - Hepatitis B vaccine in dialysis patients. PMID- 6239102 TI - Recurrent venous thromboembolism in patients with a partial deficiency of protein S. AB - Protein S is an antithrombotic plasma protein that serves as a cofactor for another plasma protein, activated protein C. Protein S is required for the expression of the anticoagulant effect of activated protein C, which inhibits blood clotting at the levels of factors V and VIII in the blood-clotting cascade. We postulated that patients deficient in protein S would have inadequate regulatory control of the clotting cascade and would be prone to thrombotic disease in a manner similar to that of patients congenitally deficient in protein C. To determine whether protein S deficiency is associated with recurrent thrombosis, we developed a functional assay for the plasma protein. With this assay, the protein S activity of normal persons ranges from 63 to 160 per cent. Using this test, we have now identified six unrelated persons with severe recurrent venous thrombosis who were deficient in protein S, with levels between 15 and 37 per cent while they were not receiving warfarin therapy. Our data suggest that the determination of protein S levels will be useful in the evaluation of patients with recurrent thrombosis. PMID- 6239103 TI - Identification of rat gamma atrial natriuretic polypeptide and characterization of the cDNA encoding its precursor. AB - Diuretic and smooth muscle-relaxing peptides, designated atrial natriuretic peptides (ANPs), have been identified in human and rat atrial tissues and implicated in the control of fluid volume and vascular function. Recently, cDNAs encoding the human and rat ANP precursors have been sequenced. We previously isolated from human tissue a natriuretic peptide of molecular weight (MW) 13,000 (gamma-hANP) comprising 126 amino acid residues, the largest natriuretic peptide so far identified, and showed that it is directly derived from the 151-residue human ANP precursor by the removal of a signal peptide. We now report the isolation and sequence analysis of a novel rat atrial natriuretic peptide (gamma rANP) of MW 13,000, which derives from the rat ANP precursor. We also report the molecular cloning and nucleotide sequence analysis of the cDNA of the 152-residue rat ANP precursor, which is remarkably similar to the human 151-residue precursor (pre-hANP) except at the C-terminus. Differences in the rat and human precursor nucleotide sequences around the termination codons lead to a difference in processing pattern. PMID- 6239104 TI - T-cell receptor companions. PMID- 6239106 TI - [How can aspecific mechanical low backache be differentiated from psychogenically determined back complaints by a simple examination?]. PMID- 6239105 TI - The delta- and epsilon-chains of the human T3/T-cell receptor complex are distinct polypeptides. AB - The T3/T-cell receptor complex on the surface of human thymus-derived lymphocytes consists of four glycoproteins: the alpha-chain of relative molecular mass (Mr) 40,000-50,000 (40-50K), the beta-chain (37-45K); the gamma-chain (25K) and the delta-chain (20K). The T3 alpha- and beta-chains have been identified as clonotypic T-cell receptors, but functionally the T3/T-cell receptor chains seem to form a single complex: monoclonal antibodies directed at the 20K T3 components are mitogenic for normal human T lymphocytes and, at higher concentrations, anti clonotypic and anti-20K reagents block T-cell function. Recently, Zanders et al. showed that incubation of human T-helper clones with high concentrations of antigen abolishes antigen-specific proliferation and induces disappearance of T3 from the cell surface. Thus, the T3/T-cell receptor complex consists of two variable subunits, the T3 alpha- and beta-chains, which interact with antigen and the monomorphic 20K/25K T3 chains. Recently, the existence of a fifth polypeptide chain, the unglycosylated T3 epsilon-chain, has been postulated. Here we confirm that a 20K epsilon-chain does exist. The T3 epsilon-chain differs from the T3 delta-chain in primary structure as judged by N-terminal amino acid sequencing, peptide mapping and immunoblotting with anti-T3-delta and anti-T3-epsilon antibodies. Treatment with endoglycosidase F revealed two nonglycosylated T3 delta polypeptide backbone chains (16K and 14K) with identical amino termini. Together with previous pulse-chase experiments this observation suggests that the 14K T3 polypeptide is derived from the 16K T3 precursor by proteolytic processing near the C-terminus of the molecule. PMID- 6239107 TI - Nursing your lower back. Part 2. PMID- 6239109 TI - Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of the carotid artery. Its application to post surgical stenosis. AB - The successful dilatation of postsurgical concentric stenosis of an internal carotid artery using percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) is reported here. Only one such case has been previously documented. Review of the literature disclosed 16 patients who received transluminal angioplasty for stenosis of carotid arteries by percutaneous or open arteriotomy techniques. The authors feel that PTA may be the treatment of choice for postoperative concentric stenosis of a short segment of the carotid artery as opposed to surgical repair. PMID- 6239108 TI - A morphometric CT study of Down's syndrome showing small posterior fossa and calcification of basal ganglia. AB - We report characteristic and morphometric changes of cranial computed tomography (CT) with increasing age in 56 patients with Down's syndrome aged from 0 month to 37 years. Patients were compared with 142 normal controls aged 0 to 59 years. Width of ventricles, Sylvian fissures, posterior fossa, pons and cisterna magna were measured on CT. The incidences of the cavum septi pellucidi, cavum vergae and cavum veli interpositi and high density in the basal ganglia were examined. There was high incidence (10.7%) of bilateral calcification of basal ganglia in Down's syndrome, although that of pineal body and choroid plexus calcification was similar in Down's syndrome and controls. Basal ganglia calcification is more frequently seen in young Down's syndrome and may be related to the premature aging characteristic of Down's syndrome. The CT in Down's syndrome showed relatively small posterior fossa, small cerebellum, small brain stem and relatively large Sylvian fissures in those under one year of age. There was a high frequency of midline cava and large cisterna magna. There were no significant atrophic changes on CT except after the fifth decade comparing with controls. PMID- 6239111 TI - Current concepts of flow control. PMID- 6239110 TI - [Vectorcardiographic study of an unusual form of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy]. AB - The many aspects of heart electrical activity in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy have recently been described in numerous occasions. A vectorcardiographic study was made of two sisters with an echocardiographic diagnosis of hypertrophy of the free wall of the left ventricle. Both the ECG and the VCG shown evidence of pseudonecrosis and pseudoischaemia associated with left intraventricular conduction disturbances and left atrial dilatation. It is felt that echocardiography, and the two-dimensional examination in particular, is essential in the diagnosis of myocardial hypertrophy, but it is pointed out that ECG, and above all VCG, may sometimes indicate its site and extent with a good degree of approximation. PMID- 6239113 TI - Ready, willing ... but not able-bodied. PMID- 6239112 TI - Dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate concentrations in asthmatic patients: pilot study. AB - Dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEA-SO4) values were measured as a guide to adrenal function in 72 asthmatic patients admitted to the Waikato Hospital with severe bronchospasm. In a reference sample 700 micrograms/l was taken as the lower limit of the reference range for DHEA-SO4 concentrations. All DHEA-SO4 values in 20 patients with known primary or secondary adrenal insufficiency were less than this value. In the asthmatic group, 10 of 14 DHEA-SO4 values were low in patients taking oral steroid therapy, eight of 23 values in patients taking inhaled steroids, and six of 29 values in patients on no known steroid therapy. Five of six patients who had been on oral steroids within a month of admission also had low values. In total 40% of all values were less than 700 micrograms/l. These data provide inferential evidence of possible adrenal suppression in a substantial number of patients requiring hospital admission for treatment of severe bronchospasm. PMID- 6239114 TI - Food substances may cause skin reactions among handlers. PMID- 6239115 TI - [Benefits under the Federal Social Welfare Law--evaluation of applications for supplemental requirements for costly diets]. PMID- 6239116 TI - [Status of immunization of ten-year-olds against poliomyelitis, diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, measles and mumps]. PMID- 6239117 TI - [Possibilities of improving measures for environmental hygiene and environmental protection within the Public Health Service]. PMID- 6239118 TI - [Regional analysis of participation in the mandatory cancer detection program in 1981 in West Germany]. PMID- 6239119 TI - [Newborn- and infant mortality in eastern Sierra Leone]. PMID- 6239120 TI - [Impaired health as a cause for inability to take exams]. PMID- 6239121 TI - [Chinese breathing exercises (qigong)]. PMID- 6239122 TI - [Kaposi's sarcoma of the skin and its relation to AIDS]. PMID- 6239123 TI - [Curative methods and alcohol--an attempt at the prevention of alcohol abuse]. PMID- 6239124 TI - Effect of fibronectin on macrophage-induced tumor cell cytostasis. AB - Purified fibronectin (Fn) mediated attachment of MCG-T14 cells, a mouse adenocarcinoma, to culture vessel surfaces. Concentrations of Fn less than 30 micrograms/ml enhanced the growth rate of these cells as judged by 3H-thymidine incorporation, whereas higher levels of Fn were inhibitory. Concentrations of Fn and macrophages, which had little or no effect on the growth rate of the T14 cells when added individually, mediated a 64% decrease in the rate of growth of these cells when cultured together. Free Fn was not required for this effect since target cells pretreated with Fn and then washed also were susceptible to growth inhibition by macrophages. These results indicate that Fn is able to mediate an enhancement of macrophage antitumor activity, probably by supporting the binding of target cells to the macrophage effector cells. PMID- 6239126 TI - [Genetic-epidemiologic study of patients with Huntington chorea]. PMID- 6239125 TI - Accumulation of 99mTc methylene diphosphonate in malignant pleural and ascitic effusion. AB - Increased accumulation of radioactivity was observed in malignant pleural and ascitic effusion as to a patient with stomach cancer and in malignant pleural effusions as to 2 patients (1 with breast cancer and another with lung cancer) during the performance of routine whole-body bone scans with 99mTc methylene diphosphonate. This finding should strongly suggest malignancy. PMID- 6239127 TI - [Spontaneous bleeding from the epigastric artery]. PMID- 6239128 TI - The effect of cooling on the photodynamic action of hematoporphyrin derivative during interstitial phototherapy of solid tumors. 1983 Second-Place Resident Research Award: basic category. AB - Hematoporphyrin derivative (HpD), a mixture of compounds chemically prepared from naturally occurring crude hematoporphyrin, is preferentially concentrated in neoplastic cells and produces red fluorescence when irradiated with blue-violet light. In addition, HpD exhibits other photodynamic properties, which, in the presence of oxygen and visible light, result in cytotoxicity. Preliminary reports indicate that early, superficial carcinomas of the upper aerodigestive tract and tracheobronchial tree can be localized and treated successfully with HpD phototherapy (HpD-PT), in which a fiberoptic bundle transmits laser light to the tumors. To assess this modality's potential for treating solid tumors, the cytotoxic effect of HpD-PT was measured in a murine tumor model. We specifically assessed the effect of cooling on the pure photodynamic action of HpD-PT. Adult female mice with typical mammary tumors received interstitial phototherapy 24 hours after HpD was given intraperitoneally. Light from an argon-dye laser was delivered through an optical fiber, along with simultaneous cooling from a cryosurgical probe, for 15 minutes. After being cooled with a cryosurgical probe, tumors were excised 48 hours after treatment and the necrotic area was measured. The results indicate that cooling enhances the tumoricidal action of HpD-PT. PMID- 6239129 TI - Prognostication of myocutaneous flap viability using laser Doppler velocimetry and fluorescein microfluorometry. AB - Formerly, flap perfusion was assessed clinically by gross evaluation of the amount of fluorescein in the developed flap prior to transfer. Recently the laser Doppler velocimeter and the perfusion microfluorometer have been developed as aids in perfusion assessment. We have used each instrument in a series of reconstructive procedures employing pectoralis or trapezius myocutaneous flaps and a series of pig groin myocutaneous flaps to assess the contribution of each to the prognostication of flap viability. While the laser Doppler does provide useful information, we have found that the microfluorometer is more selective in representing the hemodynamics of the developed flap. PMID- 6239130 TI - The relationship between paraspinal EMG and chronic low back pain. AB - Two models of the relationship between paraspinal EMG and low back pain have been proposed. Specific predictions arising from these are listed and the literature relating to them reviewed. Recent research on patterns of EMG rather than absolute levels is also discussed. It is concluded that there is no consistent evidence that low back pain patients have elevated paraspinal EMG, or that its reduction is likely to be an active ingredient in biofeedback therapy. Research on paraspinal EMG patterns is still preliminary, and therefore treatment based on their modification is experimental. PMID- 6239131 TI - A study of psychophysical scaling in chronic pain patients. AB - Chronic pain patients were asked to psychophysically scale two sets of word descriptors (intensity and unpleasantness) using a crossmodality matching procedure with line length and numerical estimates. In 22 patients (group I) descriptor scaling was performed once, in another 20 patients (group II) the procedure was repeated 3 times. 72.7% of patients in group I obtained a correlation of 0.9 or higher when scaling intensity descriptors, but only 18.2% obtained this correlation when scaling unpleasantness words. In group II, an average of 85% of patients reliably scaled intensity words, but only 50% could do so for the unpleasantness descriptors. Patients who reliably judged unpleasantness descriptors generally exhibited a higher level of psychological distress (SCL-90 R). Numerical estimates assigned by patients to individual word descriptors showed a smaller range than obtained from experimental pain studies. There was unequal spacing of values of adjacent descriptors with clustering of words in the low and high ends of the continuum and large gaps in midrange. Results indicate that chronic pain patients in general show a higher incidence of impairment in rendering proportional judgments than a healthy population. In addition, they are more likely to judge pain reliably on an intensity than on an unpleasantness dimension. The difference in performance between scales persists in spite of training and could not be explained by medical history, drug intake, or demographic characteristics. Patients who are unable to render reliable judgments are easily identified. For optimal clinical use words clustering close together should be combined and additional words should be added describing midrange intensities. Conversely, psychophysical scaling techniques may be used to calibrate category or analogue scales of pain. PMID- 6239132 TI - Compensation, pain complaints, and psychological disturbance. AB - This study compared 47 patients with chronic low back pain who were involved in personal injury litigation with 33 patients not seeking compensation who were also complaining of low back pain. Pain was assessed using a visual analogue scale and the adjectival check-list of the McGill Pain Questionnaire. Psychological state was assessed using the Zung Depression Scale, the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, the Eysenck Personality Inventory and the Hostility and Direction of Hostility Questionnaire. The group involved in litigation contained significantly more males, and the duration of pain was significantly less. The mean age of the 'compensation' group was less than that of the 'no compensation' group, but this did not reach statistical significance at the 5% level. There was no difference between the two groups on ratings of pain severity or pain description, and no difference on measures of psychological disturbance. Both groups had significant elevations of mean depression, neuroticism, state anxiety and trait anxiety scores when compared with the normal population. It was concluded that there is no support for the claim that personal injury litigants describe their pain as more severe than do non-litigants, and that both groups show similar levels of psychological disturbance. PMID- 6239133 TI - Early screening of pain to prevent it from becoming intractable. AB - The pain of primary care patients remained, in a large number of instances, unexplained after careful physical examination. In the analysis of these instances a correlation was observed between anger and pain in the neck, between fear and abdominal pain and between sorrow and despair and low back pain. A simple test was developed in which the patients assess their own emotional situation. Good correlation makes subsequent manifestation of an organic cause very unlikely. This helps to avoid unnecessary referrals. PMID- 6239134 TI - [Dynamics of plasma testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone, androstenedione and 17 hydroxyprogesterone after stimulation with hCG and tetracosactide in the male dog during puberty]. PMID- 6239135 TI - [Fetal hormonology by direct sampling of fetal blood during the 2d trimester of pregnancy. Study of fetal and maternal 5-ene steroid sulfates]. PMID- 6239136 TI - The use of balloon angioplasty in the pediatric patient. AB - The technique and results of balloon angioplasty in children are reviewed. The lesions described include valvar pulmonary stenosis, peripheral pulmonary stenosis, coarctation of the aorta, aortic vena cava obstruction, and pulmonary venous obstruction. PMID- 6239138 TI - Acquired chromosome rearrangements, including fine interstitial deletions, in a patient with Down syndrome and monoblastic leukemia. AB - A female child with Down syndrome who developed acute monoblastic leukemia is reported. Anemia associated with milk leukopenia was first recognized when the patient was 14 months old. Acute monoblastic leukemia was diagnosed 1 year later; cytogenetic studies were performed on circulating leukemic cells at this time. Analysis of elongated, finely banded chromosomes revealed three structural rearrangements, including two rather subtle interstitial deletions, in addition to trisomy 21 which was representative of the patient's constitutional karyotype. The karyotype of the leukemic cells was 47,XX,+21,t(3;18)(p23;q11.2), del(7)(q31.1q31.3), del(9)(p22p24 or p21p23). The patient received no cytostatic chemotherapy and died 4 months after the diagnosis of acute leukemia was made. PMID- 6239137 TI - Cardiovascular disease in Down syndrome. AB - This article focuses on the clinical evaluation of children with cardiovascular diseases associated with Down syndrome. Recent advances in diagnosis and management are discussed and the medical or surgical approach to the patient with severe cardiovascular malformations is presented. PMID- 6239139 TI - [Clinico-functional changes after lung resection in children treated at a Black Sea health resort in the Caucasus]. PMID- 6239140 TI - [Activities of the rehabilitation department of a pediatric polyclinic]. PMID- 6239142 TI - Sex and disability. One. 'Handicap--less important than loving'. PMID- 6239143 TI - Sex and disability. Three. Why the carpet is no longer big enough. PMID- 6239141 TI - Characterization of intracellular DNA strand breaks induced by neocarzinostatin in Escherichia coli cells. AB - DNA strand breaks induced by Neocarzinostatin in Escherichia coli cells have been characterized. Radioactively labeled phage lambda DNA was introduced into lysogenic host bacteria allowing the phage DNA to circularize into superhelical molecules. After drug treatment DNA single- and double-strand breaks were measured independently after neutral sucrose gradient sedimentation. The presence of alkali-labile lesions was measured in parallel in alkaline sucrose gradients. The cell envelope provided an efficient protection towards the drug, since no strand breaks were detected unless the cells were made permeable with toluene or with hypotonic Tris buffer. In permeable cells, no double strand breaks could be detected, even at high NCS concentration (100 micrograms/ml). Induction of single strand breaks leveled off after 15 min at 20 degrees C in the presence of 2 mM mercaptoethanol. Exposure to 0.3N NaOH doubled the number of strand breaks. No enzymatic repair of the breaks could be observed. PMID- 6239144 TI - Sex and disability. Three. Bridging the gap. PMID- 6239145 TI - [LHRH analogs--new possibilities in the treatment of prostatic cancer]. PMID- 6239146 TI - [The presence of CALLA (common acute lymphoblastic leukemia antigens) and B-cell differentiation antigens in lymphocytic lymphoma]. PMID- 6239147 TI - A statistical analysis of a pediatric dermatology clinic. AB - Statistical analysis was performed of the diseases seen and therapies utilized during the first two years of the Pediatric Dermatology Clinic at the University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida. This survey includes 2,821 patient visits made by 1,578 patients. This analysis classifies patients by diagnosis, sex, age, race, and treatment. Diagnostic and treatment frequencies, sex and race ratios, and trends in the patient's age at presentation are also noted. This survey reveals a wide spectrum of pediatric dermatologic disease with 154 different diagnoses made. A review of the 86 different therapeutic modalities utilized is also presented. PMID- 6239148 TI - Pharmacogenetics and adverse drug reactions in the skin. AB - Hereditary variations in the handling of a drug (pharmacogenetics) may result in adverse reactions in the skin. Such reactions could result from: (1) an inherited defect in enzymes responsible for drug metabolism (formation or detoxification of potentially toxic metabolites); (2) altered susceptibility of an endogenous metabolic pathway to inhibition by a drug. Increased alcohol-dehydrogenase activity or decreased aldehyde-dehydrogenase activity will predispose an individual to ethanol-induced flushing. Decreased uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase may result in porphyria cutanea tarda. Slow acetylators are more susceptible to developing drug-induced lupus erythematosus. A hypersensitivity syndrome may result if a patient is unable to detoxify the toxic metabolites of a drug such as phenytoin. A pharmacogenetic defect should alert the clinician to the possibility of cross-reactivity with other drugs or potential drug reactions in relatives of the patient. PMID- 6239149 TI - Balloon catheter angioplasty. Which patients with renovascular hypertension are candidates? AB - Balloon catheter dilation of a stenotic renal artery can cure or enable easy medical control of renovascular hypertension when vessel narrowing is caused by fibromuscular dysplasia or an isolated atherosclerotic plaque in the main renal artery. This procedure is recommended instead of surgery for these lesions when primary medical management of hypertension fails. PMID- 6239151 TI - Prenatal sex diagnosis: testosterone and FSH levels in mid-trimester amniotic fluids. AB - We studied the validity of mid-trimester amniotic fluid testosterone and FSH in the diagnosis of fetal sex in abnormal fetuses and in twins. It was found that the testosterone/FSH ratio, but not the level of the individual hormones, was an excellent criterion for fetal sex diagnosis. In a control group of 32 female and 34 male fetuses, the testosterone/FSH ratio was diagnostic. In two cases the values were indeterminate and fetal sex could not be predicted, but there were no false diagnoses. The abnormalities of the fetuses were diagnosed by karyotype analyses or raised levels of alpha-fetoprotein. It was found that neither autosomal trisomies nor X-chromosome aneuploidy or neural tube defect interfered with the diagnostic value of the hormonal approach. The twin study included 14 pairs, three of whom were discordant for sex. In all twins the fetal sex diagnosis was appropriate. In co-twins of the same sex the hormone levels were very close to each other. PMID- 6239150 TI - Retinoids for skin disorders. PMID- 6239152 TI - Cystic hygromata in trisomy 18 and 21. AB - Prenatal diagnosis of cystic hygromata by means of ultrasound examination is possible and highly accurate. Although this is usually associated with Turner's syndrome especially if there is co-existent hydrops fetalis we report three cases in which cystic hygromata were associated with trisomies; two cases of trisomy 21 and one of trisomy 18. PMID- 6239153 TI - Effects of pharmacological and physiological modulators on Ca-ATPase and alkaline phosphatase activities from guinea-pig placenta in vitro. AB - In a search for modulators of Ca-ATPase and AP activities, we examined three pharmacological agents and the cations Ca2+ and Zn2+. Placental Ca-ATPase specific activity was uncompetitively inhibited in vitro by millimolar concentrations of the diuretics ethacrynic acid and furosemide. Cysteine, a sulphydryl donor, partially reversed the ethacrynic acid inhibition but enhanced the furosemide inhibition, indicating that sulphydryl-binding may be part of the mechanism of the inhibition of Ca-ATPase by ethacrynic acid but not by furosemide. In contrast to Ca-ATPase, AP activity was enhanced by both ethacrynic acid and furosemide. Zinc inhibited Ca-ATPase activity at all concentrations tested, but enhanced and, at higher concentrations, inhibited AP activity. The inhibition of AP activity by D-penicillamine was reversed by Zn, supporting the view that this drug acts by chelating Zn which is essential for AP activity. D penicillamine had no significant effect on Ca-ATPase activity. Calcium activated both enzyme activities but inhibited only AP activity at higher concentrations. These results indicate that placental Ca-ATPase and AP activities may be distinct and dissociable based on responses to various pharmacological and physiological modulators. PMID- 6239154 TI - [Endoscopy in upper digestive hemorrhage]. PMID- 6239155 TI - [Metastatic malignant thymoma]. AB - Three cases of metastatic malignant thymoma are reported. In all three cases the tumour was invasive and excision was only partial or impossible. Histologically, these tumours were of epithelial origin with a variable lymphocytic component. Metastases were initially present in one case and in the other two developed within the first year. Partial remission was obtained with different drug combinations in only one case, and it was of short duration. The authors emphasize the increased frequency and poor prognosis of these tumours and the need for multiple chemotherapy and loco-regional treatment in the management of invasive thymomas. PMID- 6239156 TI - [Auricular flutter after cardiothoracic surgery. Treatment by auricular stimulation using the esophageal approach]. AB - Transoesophageal atrial pacing was used in 10 patients to interrupt post operative atrial flutter after cardio-thoracic surgery. The method was successful in all cases. The arrhythmia was converted directly into sinus rhythm in 8 patients and into atrial fibrillation followed by spontaneous reversion to sinus rhythm in 2 patients. The results differed according to the underlying disease. Return to sinus rhythm was the rule in all patients who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting and pneumonectomy, whereas transient atrial fibrillation seemed to be more frequent (and should be considered a satisfactory result) in patients with heart valve surgery. Relapses of arrhythmias seemed to be more resistant to transoesophageal stimulation irrespective of the operation performed. The method is non-invasive, easy to carry out and safe in patients receiving digitalis. The risk of ventricular pacing is very low. The burning sensation and chest pain experienced during stimulation are well tolerated. Transoesophageal pacing is as effective as epicardial atrial stimulation and more effective in such patients than temporary transvenous atrial pacing. PMID- 6239157 TI - [Hemodialysis in a newborn infant with acute renal failure]. AB - A 10-day old newborn with post-operative acute renal failure and in whom peritoneal dialysis was impossible was successfully treated by haemodialysis. The technique requires close monitoring and has some particular features, such as difficult vascular approaches, filling of the extracorporeal circuit prior to dialysis, low blood flow rate, sodium bicarbonate in the dialysis bath and high glucose intake. No major complication occurred in the 14 sessions which made it possible to overcome the acute phase of renal failure. Renal function was almost normal at the age of 9 months. PMID- 6239159 TI - [Indwelling transtracheal sound for oxygen administration in the patient with hypoxic chronic respiratory insufficiency]. AB - A new technique for administering oxygen to patients with severe chronic respiratory failure is reported. It consists of introducing a catheter, 2 mm in diameter, into the trachea between the second and third tracheal rings under local anesthesia. The technique was used in a 70-year old patient with severe chronic obstructive lung disease and resulted in significant reduction of dyspnoea, improvement in general condition with a weight gain of 6 kg in 6 months, and a 15 mmHg increase in arterial partial oxygen pressure for the same oxygen flow rate. This technique appears to be indicated for patients with chronic respiratory failure whenever dyspnoea is not adequately reduced by oxygen given through a nasal tube. PMID- 6239158 TI - [Present status of the treatment of helminthiasis]. AB - Infestation with intestinal parasites can now be controlled by several broad spectrum compounds. These drugs are particularly useful against multiple intestinal parasites, as frequently found in tropical and subtropical countries, and are well suited to mass treatment. The introduction of oxamniquine and praziquantel constitutes a break through in the treatment of intestinal and urogenital schistosomiasis. Praziquantel also perfectly controls taeniasis, sometimes including its larval form (cysticercosis). Experience is too short to evaluate the effectiveness of benzimidazoles (notably albendazole), administered post-operatively or alone when surgery is contra-indicated, in the treatment of hepatic or alveolar hydatid disease. Better drugs are needed to treat Fasciola hepatica infestation or to control onchocerciasis and other diseases due to filariae. PMID- 6239160 TI - [Biclonal gammopathy in asymptomatic primary biliary cirrhosis]. PMID- 6239161 TI - [Horton's disease and rhizomelic pseudopolyarthritis associated with chronic lymphoid leukemia]. PMID- 6239162 TI - [Secondary rupture of the spleen 17 days after external cardiac massage]. PMID- 6239164 TI - [Behcet's disease with circulating anticoagulant... or anticoagulant in Behcet's disease?]. PMID- 6239163 TI - [Prevention of hepatic metastases in ocular melanoma]. PMID- 6239166 TI - [Early or late dopa therapy in Parkinson's disease]. PMID- 6239165 TI - [Clinical trial comparing the analgesic action of sodium naproxen and paracetamol]. PMID- 6239167 TI - [Opportunistic parasites]. PMID- 6239168 TI - [Severe faintness caused by gastroesophageal reflux in infants]. PMID- 6239170 TI - [Dissection of the ascending aorta after aortic valve replacement]. AB - From October, 1969 to December, 1982, 1117 aortic valve replacements were performed at the Foch Medico-Surgical Centre. Five of these operations (0.4%) were followed, within 6 months to 6 years (mean 37 months), by acute dissection of the whole ascending aorta with a varying degree of extension further down. Such accidents raise problems of aetiology, diagnosis, treatment and possibly prevention. All 5 patients had an emergency operation with prosthetic replacement of the ascending aorta; in some cases the 2 cylinders were glued to the distal and proximal aortic stumps. The other forms of treatment were related to the lesions encountered. All patients survived and underwent follow-up angiography after 6 months to 5 1/2 years. Lesions of cystic necrosis of the media were regularly found at histology. In every case during the first operation the surgeon reported that the aorta was dilated or particularly fragile. The question therefore arises as to whether ascending aortas that are fragile and of more than 5 cm in diameter should be systematically replaced. PMID- 6239169 TI - [Changes in the plasma and erythrocyte concentrations of rubidium in patients with renal failure]. AB - Rubidium concentrations were measured by flame emission spectrophotometry in whole blood, plasma and red cells from male and female controls and from dialyzed and non-dialyzed patients of both sexes with chronic renal failure. Rubidium concentrations (mumol/l) in male and female controls respectively were: 2.29 +/- 0.29 and 1.96 +/- 0.46 in plasma: 36..79 +/- 5.90 and 30.19 +/- 6.11 in whole blood; 74.57 +/- 10.37 and 72.22 +/- 12.76 in erythrocytes. The red cell rubidium/plasma rubidium ratios were 32.6 in males and 38.3 in females. Compared with controls, dialyzed male and female patients showed, before dialysis, a decrease in rubidium concentrations of respectively -30% and -17% in plasma, -64% and -61% in whole blood, -40% and -33% in erythrocytes. A further decrease of 25% in rubidium plasma concentrations was observed after dialysis. Non dialyzed patients had an increase in plasma concentrations (+14% in males, +23% in females) and a decrease in erythrocyte concentrations (-16% in males, -20% in females) as compared with controls. Our data show that plasma and red cell rubidium concentrations are fairly constant and probably regulated in healthy subjects but vary considerably in patients with renal failure. PMID- 6239172 TI - [Unopened colostomy, a protective procedure for high risk colorectal anastomosis]. AB - The classical "protective colostomy" upstream of a high risk colo-rectal anastomosis is not fully effective and requires subsequent reconstructive surgery. For these reasons, it is little used to date. Unopened colostomy provides complete obturation above the anastomosis and therefore effective protection. When no anastomotic fistula develops, the colostomy loop is re entered on the 8th postoperative day. In case of fistula, it is opened and becomes functional. The procedure is easy to perform and well accepted by the patient. It increases surgical safety and shortens the duration of stay in hospital. PMID- 6239171 TI - [Pulmonary toxicity of oxygen]. AB - Prolonged breathing of normobaric oxygen can be responsible for pulmonary lesions which are frequently fatal. It is highly probable that this toxicity largely results from excessive production, by the alveolar cells, of free radicals derived from oxygen. The lung contains a number of enzymatic systems (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase) or non-enzymatic systems (vitamins C and E, glutathione) capable of preventing lesions induced by these radicals. However, the respective role of the various anti-oxidants in this tolerance to oxygen remains uncertain. Numerous aspects of pulmonary oxygen toxicity are still poorly understood, but in vivo and in vitro studies, now being vigorously pursued, show promises of forthcoming progress in the pathophysiology and treatment of pulmonary oxygen toxicity. PMID- 6239173 TI - [Transient gynecomastia during treatment with D-penicillamine]. PMID- 6239174 TI - [Mediastinal seminoma. Value of x-ray computed tomography]. PMID- 6239175 TI - [Myocardial infarction after voluntary poisoning with disulfiram and alcohol]. PMID- 6239176 TI - [Duodenal hematoma complicating the development of a cyanotic congenital cardiopathy]. PMID- 6239177 TI - [Treatment of Parkinson's disease with high doses of bromocriptine. Possible interaction with josamycin]. PMID- 6239178 TI - [Elective occurrence of glioblastoma during research laboratory handling of nitrosoguanidine derivatives]. PMID- 6239179 TI - [Spontaneous 2-stage rupture of the liver during pregnancy]. PMID- 6239180 TI - [Diagnosis of syphilis. Value of the determination of specific immunoglobulins M by solid-phase hemadsorption]. PMID- 6239181 TI - [Anterior projection of the internal mammary lymphatic chain]. PMID- 6239182 TI - [Behcet's disease with circulating anticoagulant...or anticoagulant in Behcet's disease?]. PMID- 6239184 TI - [Plasma exchange in dermatology]. PMID- 6239183 TI - [Electrocardiographic changes in accidental hypothermia]. PMID- 6239185 TI - [Indications and results of coronary surgery in patients aged 70 or more]. AB - Among 400 consecutive patients who underwent coronary bypass performed by the same surgical team, 20 (5%) were aged 70 or more (mean: 71.52 years). This group represented one-third of coronary arteriographies carried out at that age. Most patients had stage III or IV coronary disease. All were seriously invalidated but in good general condition without systemic disease or dangerous arterial lesions. Coronary arteriography showed highly surgical lesions in all 20 cases, with 3 vessel lesions in 45% and tight stenosis of the main vessel in 25%. Ventricular function was generally normal. The average number of bypasses per patient (1.65) was distinctly lower than in younger subjects. The results obtained were most encouraging, with no death and no myocardial infarction either postoperatively or during a mean follow-up period of 2.5 years. Only 2 patients had residual angina. Compared with operated patients under 70, this group was characterized by a longer duration of the disease prior to surgery and by a higher percentage of severe clinical stages and life-threatening and highly surgical lesions. Post operative and medium-term results were also distinctly better, probably because of stricter selection for surgery. All this has been confirmed in several North American publications which also report excellent results in patients over 70 years of age. To conclude, there are excellent reasons for performing coronary bypass in these elderly patients and age should not preclude pre-surgical arteriography, especially when the patient is seriously invalidated and when his general condition is sufficiently good to tolerate cardiopulmonary bypass. PMID- 6239188 TI - [Prosthetic surgical treatment of inguinal hernias. Parietalization of the spermatic cord]. AB - We confirm the advantages offered by "parietalization" of the spermatic chord components in prosthetic repair of inguinal hernias. The term is particularly well suited to the procedure when the abdominal approach is used: there is no need to split the dacron mesh to let the chord through; the zigzagging transparietal course of the chord is extended laterally. We must add that ligation of the epigastric vessels is unnecessary with the abdominal approach. PMID- 6239186 TI - [Urinary sediment in acute renal insufficiency. Diagnostic and prognostic value of phase-contrast microscopic examination]. AB - Living cells from the urinary tract can be examined by phase-contrast microscopy in a pellet obtained by centrifugation of 10 ml of freshly voided urine. Once these cells have been identified and classified according to their sources, their respective proportions can be evaluated, thus providing some information on the renal structures affected. Urine sediment examination was performed in 60 cases of acute renal failure in order to determine the relationship between the abnormalities encountered and the clinical or histological diagnosis. An abnormal sediment was always associated with parenchymal acute renal failure. Cellular debris and casts were abundant in acute tubular necrosis and less numerous in toxic acute renal failure than in failure resulting from shock. The finding of deformed erythrocytes was strongly suggestive of glomerular nephropathy, a diagnosis which was confirmed by renal biopsy in almost every case. PMID- 6239189 TI - [Fibrous degeneration of an arterial autograft]. PMID- 6239187 TI - [Human leukocyte differentiation antigens]. AB - Over a small number of years many monoclonal antibodies directed against leucocytes have been produced. Their multiplicity and the various nomenclatures utilized may be disconcerting. As a result of the First International Workshop on Human Leucocyte Differentiation Antigens (Paris, 1982), a very clear correspondence between these different antibodies has been established by regrouping into "differentiation classes", each class corresponding to a given molecular species at leucocyte surface. One of the consequences of this international co-operative study has been the development of a nomenclature system now officially adopted by the World Health Organization. In addition, it is now possible to identify the general characteristics of leucocyte surface molecules, which provides information on their organization and function. The international study is in progress, and the results of the Second Workshop (Boston, 1984) will soon be available. PMID- 6239190 TI - [Hepatitis B in children. Value of familial surveys]. PMID- 6239191 TI - [Neoplastic seeding along the tract of a percutaneous puncture biopsy of a metastatic vertebral body]. PMID- 6239192 TI - [A new case of acid maltase deficiency. Treatment by artificial respiration at home]. PMID- 6239193 TI - [Cluster headache due to meningioma. 2 cases]. PMID- 6239194 TI - [Tricholeukocytic leukemia disclosed during Legionella pneumophila pneumonia]. PMID- 6239195 TI - [Parasitic eosinophilic granuloma of the intestines. A rare cause of intestinal occlusion in children]. PMID- 6239196 TI - [Combined procurement of heart, liver and kidneys for the purpose of transplantation]. PMID- 6239198 TI - [Diagnostic value of the human basophil degranulation test. Value of passive transfer]. PMID- 6239197 TI - [Saturation of the thyroid gland secondary to prolonged cutaneous application of iodine antiseptic]. PMID- 6239199 TI - [Erythema multiforme with multiorificial ectodermosis during a treatment with fenbufen]. PMID- 6239200 TI - [Does blood ferritin permit diagnosis of iron deficiency in Basedow's disease?]. PMID- 6239201 TI - [Costs of sterility]. PMID- 6239202 TI - [Plasma exchange by cascade filtration. Clinical and biological study]. AB - Nineteen double-filtration plasma exchanges were performed in 8 patients selected according to the presence or absence of disease-related and/or patient-related risk factors. The haemofiltration system consists of 2 filters with different pore sizes. The first filter, called plasma separator (Asahi plasmaflo HI-05), separates plasma from whole blood; the second filter, called plasma filter (Asahi XK-60; Kuraray Eval 2A or 4A), separates high molecular weight components from plasma. The filtrate from the second filter is returned to the patient mixed with blood cells and either a 4% albumin solution or Plasmion to replace the plasma discarded (about 0.5-0.8 I for a 1-1.5 plasma mass treated). The system (a) modulates venous pressure and transmembrane pressure in each of the two filters by means of pump velocity variations; (b) recirculates and concentrates the plasma extracted, and (c) provides information on the plasma mass extracted by the second filter. In our study, antihistaminics were always infused before each plasma exchange session, and blood pressure and electrocardiogram were monitored throughout the session. The selectivity of the second filter is relatively good for low and high molecular weight components (e.g. albumin and IgM respectively), but needs to be improved for those of intermediate molecular weight, such as IgG and immune complexes. The amounts of plasma substitute utilized are about 6 times less than with conventional methods; however, transmembrane pressure in the second filter is imperfectly controlled, and this too calls for improvement. A study is in progress to evaluate the ideal plasma mass to be extracted. Clinically, and taking into account the biological results obtained, diseases with high molecular weight mediators should benefit from the double-filtration technique, but this technique needs to be perfected for the treatment of IgG mediated diseases. PMID- 6239203 TI - [Surgery of the left coronary trunk by the transpulmonary approach. 10 cases]. AB - The most common lesions of the left main coronary artery are atheromatous lesions (1% of all "coronary patients") but traumatic lesions may occur during coronary arteriography or percutaneous coronary angioplasty. To these must be added severe infectious lesions of the aortic annulus in acute endocarditis affecting the valve or a valvular prosthesis. The 10 cases reported here (4 atheromatous, 1 traumatic and 5 infectious lesions) were treated by transpulmonary repair surgery of the left main vessel. The operations performed were endarterectomy alone (2 cases) or associated with venous graft (2 cases), resection and venous graft (1 case) and suprasigmoidal prosthetic reimplantation (5 cases). There were two early post-operative deaths (one due to major hypocoagulation with secondary hypoxia and one from irreversible cardiogenic shock); another patient died of a ruptured intracerebral mycotic aneurysm 2 months after the operation. The 7 remaining patients have been asymptomatic for 1 year, and angiographies performed on 4 occasions since surgery have given "satisfactory results". The transpulmonary route gives direct access to the left main coronary artery and facilitates a reconstructive surgery adapted to the lesions encountered. PMID- 6239205 TI - [In situ evaluation of tissue metabolism by laser fluorimetry]. AB - Laser fluorimetry is a new technique which provides continuous information on tissue metabolism in situ and without destruction. For the moment, it is mainly applied to the study of changes in redox gradients in various organs, including the heart, brain, liver, kidney and skeletal muscle, in cases with imbalance between oxygen supply and oxygen consumption. Other metabolisms, such as that of the crystalline lens with incipient cataract, can also be investigated by this technique. PMID- 6239204 TI - [Differentiation antigens of malignant leukocytes (2)]. AB - One of the most rewarding applications of anti-leucocyte monoclonal antibodies is their use in the study of leukaemias and haematosarcomas. They are now of daily assistance for the diagnosis and classification of these diseases. The availability of malignant cell phenotypes provides a more accurate definition of nosological entities and opens new prospects of a better adaptation of treatment to each individual patient. Moreover, monoclonal antibodies now make it possible to determine the general characteristics of the phenotype of malignant leucocyte populations. Such an improvement in our understanding of these tumours will undoubtedly result in numerous developments during the forthcoming years. PMID- 6239206 TI - [Yersinia enterocolitica septicemia in chronic lymphoid leukemia with septic colonization of pre-existing adenopathies]. PMID- 6239207 TI - [Cytogenetic study of peripheral blood lymphocytes in treated Hodgkin's disease patients. Prognostic value]. PMID- 6239208 TI - [Primary hyperprolactinemia associated with von Recklinghausen's neurofibromatosis]. PMID- 6239209 TI - [Fatal pulmonary pneumocystosis 2 years after multiple transfusions]. PMID- 6239210 TI - [Diagnosis of Wilson's disease. 15 cases]. PMID- 6239211 TI - [What should we think about phenolization of the lumbar sympathetic chain?]. PMID- 6239212 TI - [Acute myeloid leukemia secondary to chronic lymphoid leukemia]. PMID- 6239213 TI - [Anaphylaxis induced by exertion and related to dietary allergy]. PMID- 6239214 TI - [Legionella gormanii Legionnaires' disease?]. PMID- 6239215 TI - [Esophageal stenosis related to the ingestion of phenoxymethylpenicillin in an insulin-dependent diabetic]. PMID- 6239216 TI - [The curative effect of colchicine in renal amyloidosis cannot currently be held to have been proven]. PMID- 6239218 TI - [Fibronectin level in dermal suction fluid in systemic scleroderma]. PMID- 6239217 TI - [Osteomalacia disclosing bone fluorosis caused by regular consumption of Vichy Saint-Yorre mineral water]. PMID- 6239219 TI - [Prenatal diagnosis by fetal blood sampling under echographic control]. PMID- 6239220 TI - [Acute nontraumatic obstructions of the renal artery]. AB - Thirteen patients were operated on for acute obstruction of the main renal artery (17 kidneys at risk). The operation took place 18 hours to 36 days after the onset of the obstruction. Three nephrectomies were necessary, revascularization was possible in all other cases. Postoperative mortality rate was 15,4%, kidney salvage rate was 64,5%. The function of preserved kidneys was constantly satisfactory. This surgical experience has led us to the following conclusions: acute obstruction of a main renal artery does not necessarily cause renal infarction; viability of the kidney can be maintained over long periods of time thanks to the collateral circulation; neither a functional arrest of the kidney, nor the duration of obstruction must be regarded as signs of renal infarction; no investigation can provide information as to the exact condition of the kidney before surgery; apart from critically ill patients or segmental renal obstruction, treatment should be surgical, irrespective of the time elapsed since onset. PMID- 6239221 TI - [Development of polycythemia to myelofibrosis. Monitoring by the assay of the procollagen III amino-propeptide]. AB - The conventional methods used in the follow-up of myelofibrosis being both invasive and expensive, we propose an easy and sensitive immunoassay of the procollagen III aminoterminal peptide (propeptide) which is separated and released in serum during synthesis of collagen III by bone marrow fibroblasts. This propeptide was assayed in the sera of 25 healthy adults (controls), 48 patients with polycythaemia vera and 20 patients with myelofibrosis (secondary to polycythaemia in 14). Significant differences in mean values were found between controls (7.6 +/- 2.1 ng/ml), patients with polycythaemia (9.9 +/- 4.3 ng/ml) and patients with myelofibrosis (38.1 ng/ml). There was some overlapping between values in controls and in patients with polycythaemia, partly due to the fact that 12 of these 48 patients without reticulin bone marrow fibrosis had normal serum propeptide levels. Propeptide values in patients with myelofibrosis were much scattered (range: 13-103 ng/ml). Moreover, values above 25 ng/ml were associated with myelofibrosis of recent onset (less than or equal to 2 years) and values below 25 ng/ml with myelofibrosis of more than 4 years' duration. The procollagen III aminoterminal peptide immunoassay therefore is a non-invasive and sensitive method for accurate assessment of bone marrow progressive involvement in myeloproliferative diseases associated with myelofibrosis. It could also be used to evaluate the effectiveness of antifibrosing agents. PMID- 6239222 TI - [Kala-azar in immunosuppressed patients. Apropos of a case disclosed by skin lesions]. AB - Kala-azar was revealed by skin lesions in a patient treated for recurrent Hodgkin's disease. These lesions, extremely discreet, consisted of papules on the forehead and in the peribuccal area. Histological examinations initially showed nodular infiltration of the dermis with very few Leishman-Donovan bodies; subsequently, foamy, Virchow-type histiocytes appeared, and Leishman-Donovan bodies became numerous. This clinical and histological similarity with leprosy has already been noted for post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis which is frequent in India and in Ethiopia. Skin lesions in kala-azar appear to be exceptional since they were not observed in the 7 cases of kala-azar in immunodepressed patients previously published. The fact that they are discreet may account for their apparent rareness. Easily accessible, they make it possible to diagnose visceral leishmaniasis--an often difficult diagnosis in these patients owing to the underlying disease. Immunodepression has little influence on the clinical and biological manifestations of kala-azar, but reserves must be made concerning the usual criteria for cure. PMID- 6239223 TI - [Uni- or bipolar temporary exclusion of the esophagus by stapling. A simple technic, not damaging to the esophagus]. AB - Many surgical procedures have been put forward to treat perforations of the thoracic oesophagus seen late. The authors propose a simple stapling technique which can be applied in the cervical segment or below the lesion if required, and report the results obtained in 4 cases. The spontaneously reversible temporary derivation obtained ensures better healing of the lesion and avoids the need for subsequent reconstructive surgery. PMID- 6239224 TI - [External ophthalmoplegia in barbiturate poisoning]. PMID- 6239225 TI - [Is chronic paroxysmal hemicrania due to a chronic inflammatory syndrome?]. PMID- 6239226 TI - [Pneumocystis carinii diffuse alveolo-interstitial pneumopathy and Legionella pneumophila infection in an immunosuppressed child]. PMID- 6239227 TI - [The presence of the father in the delivery room]. PMID- 6239228 TI - [Association of thrombosis and thrombopenia induced by heparin. Treatment with a low molecular weight heparin]. PMID- 6239230 TI - [Pseudo-Bartter's syndrome. Treatment with indomethacin]. PMID- 6239229 TI - [Effect of diltiazem on the serum concentrations of digoxin]. PMID- 6239231 TI - [Trisomy 21 caused by 21/21 tandem translocation in the descendant of a mother with (13,14) robertsonian translocation]. PMID- 6239232 TI - [Late ileal and peritoneal metastases of renal adenocarcinoma disclosed by occlusion]. PMID- 6239233 TI - [Prolonged fever and schizocytosis disclosing myxoma of the left atrium]. PMID- 6239235 TI - [Embolization of mediastinal adenomas. Therapeutic possibility in primary hyperparathyroidism]. PMID- 6239234 TI - [Can colchicine cure renal amylosis in periodic disease?]. PMID- 6239236 TI - [100 years later...suggestion]. PMID- 6239237 TI - [Monitoring and predicting growth]. PMID- 6239238 TI - [Gastric bypass in the treatment of major obesity. 15 cases]. AB - Gastro-jejunal bypass, as derived from Mason's technique, consists of excluding most of the stomach, leaving only a 60 ml fundic pouch anastomosed with a Y shaped jejunal loop. Fifteen patients (11 women and 4 men), aged from 21 to 51 years, were operated upon by this technique. In 3 of them, a jejuno-ileal bypass was transformed into a gastric bypass. The amount of weight lost by each individual patient was unpredictable and varied, in fact, from 1 to 50 kg (mean :30 kg). This was obtained within the 6 months following surgery, after which weight remained stable. All but one of the patients failed to attain their ideal weight. The only post-operative complication observed was abscess of the abdominal wall in 3 cases. Digestive disorders were constant during the first 3 months, but rapidly subsided thereafter. In view of the overall satisfactory loss of weight and low incidence of complications, this treatment can be considered useful. However, it should only be applied after strict selection and provided the patient's nutritional status can be regularly supervised. PMID- 6239239 TI - [Cyanide poisoning. Priority to symptomatic treatment. 25 cases]. AB - A retrospective study of 25 cases of cyanide poisoning has brought to light the following points: cardiorespiratory arrests are frequent (7/25) and often inaugural; in severe intoxications (7/25), deep metabolic acidosis is the rule, and cyanide poisoning should always be suspected in cases of coma with severe acidosis; mild intoxications are frequently symptomless. Anxiety and agitation should not be considered as evidence of cyanide poisoning; they are merely due to fear in most cases. The present treatment of acute cyanide poisoning relies basically on symptomatic measures: sodium bicarbonate, cardiac massage and, above all, assisted ventilation with 100% oxygen. Our experience does not support the concept of a lethal cyanide blood level when patients can rapidly be transferred by a medical team to an intensive care unit. Survival depends more on prompt medical care than on the accessibility to sophisticated antidotes. PMID- 6239240 TI - [Multiple myeloma of the bones. Treatment by 2-stage whole-body irradiation. 7 cases]. AB - Seven patients with high tumoral burden myeloma of bones were treated by two successive hemicorporeal irradiations. This treatment was strikingly effective in providing pain relief which was durable in 3 cases. It might also have reduced the tumoral mass, since partial remission was obtained in 2 cases and lasting normalization of calcaemia in one patient with a non-excreting myeloma. Its haematological side-effects did not seem to exceed those of combined chemotherapy, and its pulmonary toxicity was reduced by using corrected doses. PMID- 6239241 TI - [Peri-anal ulceration. Tuberculosis should not be overlooked]. AB - Two cases of peri-anal ulceration of tuberculous origin are reported: one revealed an active pulmonary and ileo-caecal tuberculosis, the other complicated a chronic pulmonary tuberculosis of several years' duration. Cutaneous manifestations of tuberculosis are exceptional. In patients with protracted peri anal ulceration, a biopsy should be performed that will show a typical tuberculoid granuloma. The most frequently encountered anorectal tuberculous lesions are suppurations and fistulae. The main differential diagnosis is Crohn's disease with anorectal manifestations. PMID- 6239242 TI - [Anovulation of hypothalamic origin. Treatment by pulsatile injection of hypothalamic gonadotropin releasing hormone]. AB - In two patients with severe hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism intermittent pulsatile delivery of gonadotrophin hormone (LHRH) 5 to 20 micrograms every 90 minutes by means of the Zyklomat pump promptly resulted in ovulation and pregnancy. The comparative effectiveness of the intravenous and subcutaneous routes was evaluated by radioimmuno assay of LHRH in plasma. The pulsatile patterns of LH was satisfactory with both routes, but plasma levels of LHRH were about 7 times lower with the subcutaneous route. The dosage range (5-20 micrograms) of LHRH must be adjusted to the severity of the hypothalamic deficiency and to the route of administration. The use of the pump, the monitoring of ovulation and the indications for this type of treatment are discussed. PMID- 6239243 TI - [Ovarian hyperstimulation induced by the pulsatile administration of gonadoliberin]. PMID- 6239244 TI - [Asthma induced by food additives]. PMID- 6239245 TI - [Relation between lesions of the dermis and the arteriosclerotic field]. PMID- 6239246 TI - [Fanconi's disease with late disclosure during pregnancy. Cytogenetic study]. PMID- 6239247 TI - [Acute renal failure following skin burns by chromic acid (chromium VI)]. PMID- 6239248 TI - [Arteriovenous fistula of the lateral sinus. Value of continuous Doppler recording]. PMID- 6239249 TI - [Presence of antinuclear antibodies of the nucleolar type in Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome]. PMID- 6239250 TI - [Plasma assays in bolus injections of methylprednisolone in children]. PMID- 6239251 TI - [Anti-mullerian hormone]. PMID- 6239252 TI - [Immunohistochemistry of thyroglobulin by indirect immunofluorescence in thyroid cancers]. AB - The authors have developed an indirect immunofluorescence technique for histochemical detection of thyroglobulin and have tested it on 66 tissue sections. Fluorescence reflecting the presence of thyroglobulin was elicited in 57 samples of differentiated thyroid tissue, including healthy or hyperfunctional tissue and primary or metastatic papillary or follicular carcinomas. Thyroglobulin was found to be distributed heterogeneously between different areas and different cells. It may occupy the whole cell, the apex, the colloid substance and sometimes extracellular spaces. No fluorescence was present in non thyroid tissues. This technique could be applied mainly to the diagnosis of thyroid carcinomas, where 25 metastases have been examined by this method, and to clear cell carcinomas. In these two cases, thyroglobulin appeared to be a good marker of tumoral tissue. PMID- 6239253 TI - [Sleep apnea syndromes. Treatment with continuous positive pressure by the nasal route]. AB - Nine patients with severe, predominantly obstructive sleep apnoea syndromes were treated during one night by continuous positive pressure under polygraphic monitoring. Three patients did not tolerate the treatment for either mechanical reasons (2 cases) or ventilatory reasons (1 case). In the remaining 6 patients, continuous positive pressure resulted in reorganization of sleep and disappearance of obstructive and central apnoeic episodes. This effect was incomplete at low pressure (2 cm H2O) and complete at pressures of 6 to 10 cm H2O. The fact that continuous positive pressure was effective against both obstructive and central apnoea suggests that its mode of action is not purely mechanical but involves the central ventilatory control, probably by a reflex mechanism. In view of its effectiveness, continuous positive pressure appears to be the treatment of choice for sleep apnoea syndromes. PMID- 6239254 TI - [Acute right ventricular failure. Treatment with dobutamine]. AB - Acute right ventricular failure is commonly observed during respiratory intensive care, particularly in patients suffering from massive pulmonary embolism, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or adult respiratory distress syndrome. The haemodynamic effects of a continuous dobutamine infusion at the rate of 9.4 +/- 3.7 micrograms/kg/min were assessed in a group of 15 patients with acute and isolated right ventricular failure, as evidenced by haemodynamic and two dimensional echocardiographic measurements. This inotropic agent induced at 37% increase in mean cardiac index and a 25% increase in mean stroke index, with only a 10% increase in mean heart rate. Moreover, measurement of the right ventricular ejection fraction by a thermal dilution technique performed in 10 patients demonstrated that dobutamine consistently and significantly increased right ventricular systolic function and also significantly reduced right ventricular end-diastolic tension. In conclusion, it appeared that dobutamine was able to improve circulatory status in patients with acute right heart failure or various origins. PMID- 6239255 TI - [Immunoallergic hemolytic anemia, thrombopenia and acute renal failure induced by aspirin]. AB - The first case of haemolytic anaemia with thrombocytopenia and acute renal failure induced by ingestion of aspirin in a 22-year old woman is reported. An IgM anti-aspirin antibody which agglutinated erythrocytes of the patient and of ABO compatible donors in the presence of aspirin was isolated in the serum. In addition, the allergic nature of the patient's hypersensitivity to aspirin was confirmed by positive lymphocyte transformation and basophil degranulation tests in the presence of the drug. PMID- 6239257 TI - [Endotracheal hemorrhage caused by fissuration of the innominate artery during prolonged intubation. Surgical treatment]. AB - We present our surgical procedure for the control of tracheal haemorrhages due to fissuration of the innominate artery in patients with prolonged tracheal intubation or tracheostomy. Temporary haemostasis and protection of the airways against flooding are ensured by downward advancement of the tube, overinflation of the cuffs and digital pressure if required. The fistula is then located and surgical haemostasis is obtained by resection of the innominate artery away from the infected area. The arterial stumps are covered up for protection against secondary infection. Re-establishment of blood flow is not systematic. Cervicosternotomy is regarded as the incision of choice. No complication was encountered in patients treated by this method. PMID- 6239256 TI - [Subgroups of connective tissue disease]. AB - The present trend is to break down collagen diseases into subsets on the basis of specific clinical signs, genetic data and, above all, serological data, notably the presence or absence of particular antinuclear antibodies. Studies of correlations between clinical symptoms and antinuclear antibodies have yielded precise results with regard to scleroderma, mixed collagenosis and, to a lesser extent, dermatomyositis. In contrast, discordant results have been obtained in systemic lupus erythematosus and dry Sjogren's syndrome, owing to the presence of multiple antibodies in many cases, to differences in the selection of patients and the method used, and to the small number of cases in the subsets investigated. PMID- 6239258 TI - [Febrile cerebral arterial accident disclosing myxoma of the left atrium. Association with cerebral meningioma and lipoma]. PMID- 6239259 TI - [Agoraphobia with panic attacks. Value of the dexamethasone test]. PMID- 6239260 TI - [Thyroid function in euthyroid patients treated with amiodarone]. PMID- 6239261 TI - [Legionella infections in the Paris area. Diversity of implicated species]. PMID- 6239262 TI - [Pseudomonas fluorescens septicemia following transfusion of contaminated blood]. PMID- 6239263 TI - [African form of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Epidemiological reflections]. PMID- 6239264 TI - [Severe respiratory disorders and trismus during treatment with metoclopramide]. PMID- 6239265 TI - [Recurrent Neisseria meningitidis meningitis associated with deficiency of the 7th complement component]. PMID- 6239266 TI - [Role of precipitating anti-urate oxidase antibodies in urate oxidase-resistant hyperuricemia]. PMID- 6239267 TI - [Gastric anisakiasis. Endoscopic diagnosis and treatment]. PMID- 6239268 TI - [Hypercalcemic crises of myelomatous origin. Treatment with dichloromethylene diphosphonate]. PMID- 6239269 TI - [Malignant melanoma]. PMID- 6239270 TI - [Analysis of diabetic microangiopathy using retinal angiography in 82 children]. AB - Between 1979 and 1983, 116 retinal fluorescein angiographies were performed in 82 insulin-dependent diabetic children aged from 8 to 19 years. Abnormalities were observed in 7% of children with diabetes of less than 5 years duration. Retinal lesions were present in 30% of children with disease of 5-60 years duration. Most of the lesions encountered were capillary dilatations, fluorescein leakages and microaneurysms. The incidence and severity of these lesions increased with the duration of diabetes. Most of them, even of early onset, proved irreversible. It is therefore important to monitor their development by frequent angiographies (every 2 years) and to initiate an intensive treatment of diabetic children from the onset of the disease. PMID- 6239271 TI - [Abdominal injuries. Value of emergency abdominal echotomography]. AB - The purpose of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of abdominal ultrasonic tomography, among other methods, to detect visceral lesions in multiple traumas of the abdomen. Forty-seven case-records of abdominal traumas observed over an 8 month period were selected. We used a real-time sectorial ultrasound scanner with a 3.5 MHz probe. Positive results were obtained in 11 patients who were operated upon. None of the 33 patients with negative results and only one of the 3 patients with doubtful results underwent surgery. We found that suggestive symptoms were compatible with the absence of any severe visceral lesion and, conversely, that patients with multiple traumas but little suggestive symptoms could present with one or several intra-abdominal lesions. Abdominal ultrasonic tomography can rapidly be performed and its indications are different from, but wider than, those of peritoneal lavage. It is a safe and reliable emergency examination which does not interfere with resuscitation procedures. PMID- 6239272 TI - [Mucosecreting tumors of the appendix. 3 cases]. AB - The three cases reported here illustrate the diagnostic, therapeutic and prognostic problems raised by these tumours. These are rare lesions with little suggestive symptoms, which explains why they are exceptionally diagnosed before surgery. Mucosal hyperplasias and cystadenomas are benign formations with a 90 100% survival rate 5 years after appendicectomy, even when non-cellular mucoid effusion is present. Cystadenocarcinomas are malignant tumours with mucoid secretion containing epithelial cells; they have a tendency to recur despite repeated evacuations, and their 5-year survival rate is approximately 25%; death results from intestinal obstruction or compression of intra-abdominal viscera by the mucoid substance. PMID- 6239273 TI - [Value of thoracoscopy]. AB - Formerly used in active tuberculosis to divide pleuro-pulmonary adhesions and to complete therapeutic pneumothorax, thoracoscopy has now become the object of renewed interest. By introducing, after pneumoserosa and usually through the axilla, a fine trocar into the chest, the whole thoracic cavity, including parietal pleura, diaphragm, lung and lung fissures, mediastinum and pericardium, can be explored. This technique, performed under local rather than general anaesthesia or under neuroleptanalgesia, is innocuous, fairly cheap and effective. In addition, the patient is immobilized for only 4 or 5 days on average and surgery, which is much heavier, can be avoided in many cases. Thoracoscopy nowadays is mostly used: (1) to determine the cause of a chronic pleurisy unexplained after 3-4 weeks (positive results: 95-97% for cancer, 92% for tuberculosis); (2) to dry up pleural effusions by talc and drainage (satisfactory results in 90% of the cases); (3) to establish the pathophysiological diagnosis of spontaneous pneumothorax (bullae, blebs, adhesions, fistulae), to treat it with talc and with coagulation of small "bullae", or to decide in favour of surgery; (4) to perform lung biopsies which clinch the diagnosis in 95-97% of cases of diffuse interstitial pneumonia. The same technique is also used methodically and efficiently for optic and electronic microscopy, bacteriological or mycological examination, immunofluorescence, hormone receptor detection and study of organic particles or minerals. Thoracoscopy lies half-way between pure medical practice and surgery and deserves to be widely used again by pneumologists, provided they learn to master its technique by regular, assiduous and sufficient practice. Pneumologists do not become thoracoscopists at a moment's notice; it is a skill which must be included in their training. PMID- 6239274 TI - [Anterior ligamentoplasty of the knee under arthroscopic control]. AB - In the technique reported here an anterior cruciate ligament of the knee made of Dacron is inserted under arthroscopy, thus avoiding the usual wide tissue damage and delay in recovery. The very small incisions make it possible to install the prosthesis within an isometric, and therefore reliable, framework. Dacron is used alone for patients who underwent several unsuccessful operations on the knee, and Dacron wrapped in fascia lata, as suggested by Mansat, for patients operated upon for the first time. The results are very encouraging, with no post-operative complications, but the future of this technique will depend on the discovery of a better prosthetic material. This approach to reconstruction of the cruciate ligament might be considered a breakthrough in the treatment of chronic laxity of the knee. PMID- 6239275 TI - [Occurrence of hepatitis B markers in Niger]. PMID- 6239276 TI - [Plasmacytoma of the head of the pancreas. Diagnosis by puncture aspiration guided by echography]. PMID- 6239277 TI - [Carotidogram, conjunctival biomicroscopy and exercise blood pressure testing. Respective value in the noninvasive evaluation of arterial status]. PMID- 6239278 TI - [It is necessary to improve the ophthalmologic monitoring of non-insulin dependent diabetic patients]. PMID- 6239279 TI - [Traumatic myocardial necrosis. Value of myocardial tomoscintigraphy with thallium 201]. PMID- 6239280 TI - [Incidence and severity of veno-occlusive diseases of the liver after bone marrow transplantation]. PMID- 6239281 TI - [Is thallium scintigraphy of value in the preoperative localization of pathologic parathyroid glands?]. PMID- 6239282 TI - [Pneumoperitoneum following cardiac massage]. PMID- 6239283 TI - [Sterno-costo-clavicular hyperostosis and ankylosing spondylitis]. PMID- 6239284 TI - [Specific glucocorticoid receptors of human muscle cytosol]. AB - The level of specific type II and III glucocorticoid receptors was measured in biopsy specimens taken from the abdominal rectal muscle of patients operated on the abdominal cavity organs for chronic diseases of the biliferous tract or peptic ulcer of the stomach in the stage of remission. Type II glucocorticoid receptors were determined with the aid of labeled triamcinolone acetonide whereas type III glucocorticoid receptors with the aid of labeled cortisol after preliminary elimination of endogenous glucocorticoids from cytosol. The content of type II glucocorticoid receptors in muscle tissue cytosol amounted to 11.7 fmol/mg protein, whereas the dissociation constant of the hormone-receptor complex to 1.346 X 10(-8) M. The content of type III glucocorticoid receptors in muscle tissue cytosol was equal to 114 fmol/mg protein, the dissociation constant of the hormone-receptor complex to 0.30 X 10(-8)M. The hypothesis of antiglucocorticoid role of type III glucocorticoid receptors is discussed. PMID- 6239285 TI - [Cutaneous tuberculosis in the Crimea 1951-1983]. PMID- 6239286 TI - Formation of bile acid glucosides by a sugar nucleotide-independent glucosyltransferase isolated from human liver microsomes. AB - A heat-labile protein has been detected in microsomes from human liver which catalyzes the formation of glucosides of the bile acids chenodeoxycholic, deoxycholic, and ursodeoxycholic acids. This glucosyltransferase activity has been purified about 900-fold from human liver microsomes, resulting in homogeneity as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis. The subunit molecular weight was calculated to be about 56,000. The enzyme was separated from bile acid UDP-glucuronosyltransferase [UDP-glucuronate beta-D glucuronosyltransferase (acceptor-unspecific), EC 2.4.1.17] during purification and does not catalyze the formation of bile acid glucuronides. The purified glucosyltransferase utilizes lipophilic alkyl beta-D-glucopyranosides as artificial donor substrates and dolichyl phosphoglucose as natural donor for the transfer of glucose to bile acids and does not exhibit bile acid conjugating activity in the presence of sugar nucleotides such as UDP-glucose. The apparent Km values estimated for various alkyl beta-D-glucopyranosides decreased with increasing alkyl chain length from 680 X 10(-6) M for hexyl beta-D glucopyranoside to 20 X 10(-6) M as estimated for decyl and dodecyl beta-D glucopyranoside. The results suggest that a glucoside-conjugation pathway of bile acids exists in humans. This conjugation is catalyzed by a sugar nucleotide independent glucosyltransferase and is therefore distinct from the known mechanisms of glycoside conjugation. PMID- 6239287 TI - De novo cellular synthesis of sulfated proteoglycans of the developing renal glomerulus in vivo. AB - The site of cellular synthesis of glomerular proteoglycans was investigated in developing glomeruli of 4- to 5-day-old rats. [35S]Sulfate was administered intravenously and animals were sacrificed 15 min to 12 hr later. The outermost layers of the kidney cortices were utilized for characterization of proteoglycans and electron microscopic autoradiography. Sepharose CL-6B chromatography and cellulose acetate electrophoresis revealed that most (approximately equal to 96%) of the radioactivity was associated with heparan sulfate-proteoglycan synthesized during maturation of glomerular capillaries. Tissue autoradiography revealed the following: (i) during the S-shaped body stage, there is rapid incorporation of [35S]sulfate by mesenchymal cells into the cleft region (site for development of future glomerular extracellular matrices); (ii) during the precapillary stage, mesenchyme-derived cells showed higher incorporation of radioisotope than did epithelial cells; and (iii) during the mature capillary stage, all glomerular cell types (mesangial, endothelial, and epithelial) incorporated [35S]sulfate, incorporation by mesangial cells being the greatest. Radiolabeling was also higher in the mesangial matrix than in the glomerular basement membrane of peripheral capillary loops. Synthesis of a single major species of sulfated glycosaminoglycan by cells of different embryologic origin may be unique to glomerular capillaries. PMID- 6239288 TI - Evidence for inclusion of regions of nonhomology in heteroduplex products of bacteriophage lambda recombination. AB - Total intracellular DNA was isolated from replication-restricted bacteriophage lambda crosses in which the infecting parents were heteroallelic for wild-type and deletion mutant alleles. This DNA was examined for the presence of heteroduplex DNA molecules that contained wild-type sequences in one strand and deletion-mutant sequences in the other. Molecules hybrid for a 689-nucleotide deletion in the immunity region of lambda were detected at significant levels only in crosses in which both the red recombination system of lambda and the rec recombination system of Escherichia coli were active. Molecules hybrid for a 1300 nucleotide deletion in the central portion of the lambda genome were detected at significant levels in DNA isolated from both red+ and red- crosses in which recA function was present. PMID- 6239290 TI - Photoradiation therapy of bladder tumours. AB - Photoradiation therapy (PRT), in which hematoporphyrin derivative (HpD) is activated by an argon-dye laser, was used on 46 superficial bladder tumours in 9 patients. It was suggested that there is little or no thermal cell killing effect of laser irradiation from study of the heating effect of the beam intensity. A fluorospectrophotometric study of biopsies from these tumorus and normal mucosa revealed preferential HpD localization in the malignant tissues. In tumours less than 1 cm diameter treated with 150 mwatts per cm2 for 5 minutes there were 2 CR and 5 NC, whereas with 200 mwatts per cm2 or more for the same time there were 15 CR and 5 PR. Concerning the accumulated energy intensity of the light, in tumours 1 cm in size or less, treatment with 100-250 joules per cm2 obtained CR in 5 of 6 tumours. From these results, it was suggested that the light intensity should be 300 mwatts per cm2 for 5-10 minutes or more and the total light dose should be 100 joules per cm2 or more in tumours up to 2 cm in size. There was no CR in tumours more than 2 cm in size. No early side effects were seen from the administration of HpD. Sensitivity to sunlight was seen in 4 cases. PMID- 6239289 TI - ATP-binding sites in the membrane components of histidine permease, a periplasmic transport system. AB - Two components of the histidine permease in Salmonella typhimurium, the membrane bound P and M proteins, react with the photoaffinity labeling reagent 8-azido-ATP in isolated membranes. The extent of labeling is decreased by the addition of ATP and somewhat less by addition of GTP, CTP, UTP, and ADP. Cyclic AMP, NAD, FAD, and S-adenosylmethionine have little effect. We propose that one or both of these proteins have a site capable of binding an adenine nucleotide and that, therefore, they may be involved in the energy-coupling step in active transport. PMID- 6239291 TI - Proteins closely related to spectrin and ankyrin are general components of cell membranes. AB - Membrane-associated analogues of erythrocyte spectrin and ankyrin have been detected in nonerythroid cells by crossreaction with antibodies. Brain spectrin and a spectrin-binding domain of brain ankyrin have been purified and demonstrated to have all known functional activities of their erythrocyte counterparts. The nonerythroid forms of spectrin and ankyrin may have functions such as providing support for the lipid bilayer, mediating some types of actin membrane interactions, and integrating membrane-spanning proteins with cytoplasmic structural proteins. PMID- 6239292 TI - Fenoterol plus ipratropium ('Duovent') aerosol therapy delivered by a tube spacer. AB - A randomized crossover study was carried out in 12 patients with reversible airflow obstruction to investigate the bronchodilator effects of a single metered dose of fenoterol hydrobromide (200 micrograms) plus ipratropium bromide (80 micrograms) delivered by the standard aerosol inhaler or by the inhaler with an extension tube spacer. The results of lung function tests showed that there were significant increases from baseline values in FEV1, FVC and PEFR by 15 minutes using both drug delivery methods, and the improvement in PEFR was maintained for at least 8 hours in 11 of the 12 patients. Although no significant differences in the results was demonstrated between the two methods, which were used correctly by all the participants, it is suggested that the spacer device method would be particularly useful for patients who have difficulty in co-ordinating drug delivery with inhalation. PMID- 6239293 TI - Effects of P-chlorophenylalanine on pineal and endocrine function in the rat. AB - This study attempted to determine whether brain serotonin (5-HT), which is altered by melatonin administration, is involved in mediating the effects of melatonin on basal endocrine function. Pineal melatonin levels, serum N acetylserotonin (NAS) levels, adrenocortical activity, and other endocrine parameters were measured following 5-HT depletion by p-chlorophenylalanine (p CPA) together with either pineal stimulation by blinding or blinding plus pinealectomy. Blinding increased pineal melatonin levels in both saline and p-CPA treated animals. P-CPA treatment increased adrenal weights and morning plasma corticosterone levels in both blinded and blinded-pinealectomized animals. Conversely, p-CPA depressed pineal melatonin levels and serum NAS but elevated morning plasma corticosterone levels in sighted controls. P-CPA also decreased plasma prolactin and growth hormone levels in intact animals. These findings suggest that 5-HT inhibits morning corticosterone secretion and stimulates prolactin and growth hormone release. In addition, melatonin and serotonin may function independently in regulating adrenocortical function, while melatonin's effect is superceded by that of serotonin. PMID- 6239294 TI - Competencies in biomechanics for the physical therapist. Suggestion for entry level curricula. AB - The purpose of this paper is to identify competencies needed in the area of biomechanics for physical therapists. The discussion is divided into the following three areas: prevention of movement dysfunction, patient evaluation, and patient treatment. Clinical examples for each area are included. Physical therapists must understand normal biomechanical development, pathomechanical development, biomechanics of normal movement, and pathomechanics of the musculoskeletal system. In addition, physical therapists should be experts in biomechanics of exercise and be able to analyze biomechanically various types of activities. PMID- 6239295 TI - Acute skin response in albino mice following porphyrin photosensitization under oxic and anoxic conditions. PMID- 6239296 TI - Modification of juvenile play and other social behaviour in the rat by neonatal progestins: further studies. AB - The effects of altering neonatal levels of progestins on the later development of social play behaviour was studied. Progestin levels were raised in experiment one by administering injections of either progesterone or medroxyprogesterone acetate. This indicated that exposure to either hormone led to reduced levels of social play in juvenile rats of both sexes, confirming earlier reports of lowered levels of play following medroxyprogesterone obtained via maternal milk. In Experiment 2, endogenous progestin levels were lowered by administration of the antiserum to progesterone. The prediction that this should result in raised levels of juvenile play was supported for males, but not for females. Females in Experiment 2 by contrast showed a decrease in play. Possible reasons for this sex difference in response to progesterone antiserum are discussed. PMID- 6239297 TI - Skeletal changes associated with vascular malformations. AB - Five hundred and eighty birthmarks were reviewed; 356 were hemangiomas and 224 were malformations. Bony alterations occurred in association with only 1 percent of hemangiomas, in contrast with 34 percent of patients with vascular malformations. These alterations in bone development were classified according to size, shape, and density changes. Hypertrophy and distortion were typical of lymphatic malformations. Hypoplasia and demineralization were characteristic findings in the extremity venous malformations. Destructive and intraosseous changes were more commonly noted in the arterial or high-flow lesions. Possible mechanisms of altered skeletal growth include mechanical, physiological, and developmental processes. PMID- 6239298 TI - Loxapine and clozapine decrease serotonin (S2) but do not elevate dopamine (D2) receptor numbers in the rat brain. AB - Chronic administration of loxapine or clozapine in rats for 4 weeks or 10 weeks did not produce enhancement of striatal dopamine receptor density. However, there was a marked reduction (50-60%) of cortical serotonin receptor density associated with clozapine or loxapine administration. Acute doses of clozapine or loxapine produced the same potent effect. The possibility that these two antipsychotic drugs act via the serotonin system in the brain is proposed. PMID- 6239299 TI - The effect of acute zimeldine and alaproclate administration on the acquisition of two-way active avoidance: comparison with other antidepressant agents, test of selectivity and sub-chronic studies. AB - The dose-dependent effect of acute zimeldine and alaproclate treatment upon the acquisition of two-way and one-way active avoidance in the rat was studied in a single-session and in a repeated-sessions design. Zimeldine (5-20 mg/kg, IP), but not alaproclate, caused disruptions of two-way avoidance acquisition. Acquisition deficits were also caused by citalopram and fluoxetine but not the other antidepressant drugs tested. Zimeldine, but not alaproclate or desipramine, caused a slight but non-significant impairment of one-way active avoidance; neither zimeldine nor alaproclate produced any effects upon fear conditioning and retention testing. The long-term action of p-chloroamphetamine (2 X 10 mg/kg) antagonised the acute zimeldine effect totally, and chronic treatment with zimeldine (15 days, 1 X 50 mumol/kg) and chlorimipramine (15 days, 2 X 10 mumol/kg) also caused some partial blockade of the two-way avoidance deficit. These data seem to suggest some involvement of serotonin (5-HT) in the observed disruptions of two-way active avoidance caused by acute zimeldine treatment. PMID- 6239300 TI - Separate mechanisms for behavioral, cardiovascular, and hormonal responses to dextroamphetamine in man. AB - The neurochemical specificity of physiological, biochemical, and psychological responses to dextroamphetamine was tested by pretreating volunteers with haloperidol (0.014 mg/kg IM), propranolol (0.1 mg/kg IV), thymoxamine (0.1 mg/kg IV), or placebo prior to 0.3 mg/kg IV amphetamine. Healthy volunteers (N = 12) participated in the studies, but not all volunteers received each drug combination. Haloperidol prevented dextroamphetamine-induced behavioral excitation, but did not significantly affect plasma norepinephrine or pressor responses, whereas propranolol inhibited norepinephrine and pressor responses without influencing excitation or other behavioral responses. Thymoxamine did not affect any of the responses measured. None of the agents significantly affected plasma cortisol or growth hormone responses. The prolactin rise following dextroamphetamine was potentiated by haloperidol. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that behavioral excitation after dextroamphetamine occurs through a dopaminergic mechanism, and pressor responses through a noradrenergic mechanism. PMID- 6239301 TI - Chronic pelvic pain: psychological features and laparoscopic findings. PMID- 6239302 TI - [Evaluation of patients with arterial prostheses exposed to irradiation. Case reports from the GDR]. PMID- 6239303 TI - Legal case briefs for nurses. LA: back injury; workers' comp awarded; MN: 'lockout': nurses awarded benefits. PMID- 6239304 TI - [ATPase in energy production system]. PMID- 6239305 TI - Treatment of intractable rheumatoid arthritis with total lymphoid irradiation (TLI): immunological and clinical changes. AB - Eleven patients with intractable rheumatoid arthritis were treated with total lymphoid irradiation in a feasibility study. The mantle and the inverted Y fields were treated successively to a cumulative dose of 2000 rads. Nine of eleven patients showed at least a 35% improvement in three of four clinical parameters by six months and continued to maintain at least this level of improvement at their last observation points (13-28 months after TLI). There was a marked decrease in the percentage of total T cells and Leu-3 cells (helper), but an increase in the percentage of Leu-2 cells (suppressor/cytotoxic), resulting in a dramatic increase in the Leu-2/Leu-3 ratio. There was also a decrease in response to PHA, Con A and MLR. PMID- 6239306 TI - Nicotinamide as a radiosensitizer of a C3H mouse mammary adenocarcinoma. AB - Inhibitors of the chromosomal enzyme ADP-ribosyl transferase, like nicotinamide, have been shown to inhibit DNA strand rejoining and also to potentiate the lethality of DNA damaging agents in vitro. We have examined the radiosensitizing potential of nicotinamide in vivo by using transplanted C3H mouse mammary adenocarcinomas as our model system. Our data indicate a radiosensitizing effect for nicotinamide. PMID- 6239308 TI - [Association between the positivity of the Guerreiro Machado reaction and the abreuographic result of cardiomegaly]. PMID- 6239307 TI - Depressor and natriuretic activities of several atrial peptides. AB - Mammalian atria contain peptides that have depressor and natriuretic activities. Four peptides, atriopeptin I to III (AP I to III) and alpha-human atrial natriuretic factor (alpha-hANP), were synthesized and assayed in the urethane anesthetized rat for cardiovascular changes and natriuretic activities. All four peptides produced depressor responses and natriuresis. The relative activities were: alpha-hANP = AP III greater than AP II greater than AP I. The disappearance of iodinated AP III from plasma was rapid, with an estimated half-life of 2.5 min. Atriopeptin III was degraded by tissue homogenates, the relative activities being: kidney greater than liver greater than lung greater than plasma greater than heart. The HPLC profile of AP III suggested that smaller peptide fragments were formed after incubation with kidney homogenates. The degradation of AP III was inhibited by bestatin, an aminopeptidase inhibitor, and SQ 20881, a carboxypeptidase inhibitor. PMID- 6239309 TI - [Arterial reconstructive treatment in arteriosclerosis obliterans of the lower extremities]. PMID- 6239310 TI - [Efficacy of Kleinert's method after tenoplasty and primary and secondary tendon sutures]. PMID- 6239311 TI - [Therapeutic procedure in anastomotic fistulae after total gastrectomy for cancer]. PMID- 6239312 TI - [Precancerous hemorrhagic gastric tumors]. PMID- 6239313 TI - [Postoperative hemorrhage in the upper digestive tract due to esophageal ulcer]. PMID- 6239314 TI - [Complete patient recovery after cardiac arrest]. PMID- 6239315 TI - [Pros and cons of analgesic anesthesia with morphine (the experience of 50 cases)]. PMID- 6239317 TI - [Constraints on the knee caused by meniscal and ligament derangement. Study of the internal condylotibial joint. Experimental cinematic method]. AB - In a previous paper the authors have demonstrated that the polycentric curve of the surface of the medial condyle of the femur is a logarithmic spiral arch whose centre is the point of attachment of the medial ligament. In the present study, the totality of the menisco-ligamentous system was considered and studied on cadavers following a geometric model. It is shown that the ligament system controls combined or successive movements of gliding or rotation of the condyle on the tibial plateau in such a way as to avoid any cam effect or additional strain. Division of ligaments or excision of a meniscus leads to an increase in strain which varies in relation to the type of lesion. The increase is moderate after division of the anterior cruciate ligament, greater after division of the posterior cruciate ligament and severe after meniscectomy especially when associated with ligamentous division. PMID- 6239316 TI - [Vascular consequences of metal osteosynthesis]. PMID- 6239318 TI - [Cell-mediated immunity in the preoperative evaluation of hip prosthesis surgery]. AB - The risk of post-operative infection after hip surgery is related to the general condition of the patient - chronic disease, age, persisting infection. An attempt to quantify this risk was made by using the Multi-test I.M.C. to determine the state of cellular - mediated immunity in 60 patients before operation. No instance of infection was found in 28 normally reactive patients. Five infections were noted in 29 anergic patients. Three anergic infected cases were cured by treatment, the test having become normal. It is concluded that skin tests are a simple method of determining the post-operative risk of infection. The pre operative treatment of anergic patients is discussed. PMID- 6239319 TI - [Disk calcifications in children. Apropos of 17 cases]. AB - Seventeen cases of calcification of the intervertebral discs in childhood have been seen. Only cervical lesions gave symptoms. In several cases the lesions were multifocal (cervical and thoracic) and there was a familial history in one case. Two cases were observed for 10 and 8 years respectively. It was noted that cervical calcifications tend to disappear while thoracic ones persist but are asymptomatic. The authors postulate that this is due to differences in the physiology of the nucleus and in the biomechanics at different levels of the spine. A high frequency of associated spinal deformities was noted. For this reason, the late prognosis must be guarded. PMID- 6239320 TI - [Arthritis of the hip in paraplegic patients. Apropos of 8 cases]. AB - Eight instances of septic arthritis of the hip were treated in 6 paraplegics. On each occasion the hip had been infected through a nearby ulcer. In 2 cases the diagnosis was only made at operation because signs of a severe infection are not obvious in paraplegics. The radiographs were often misleading, the joint space being either normal or narrowed even before the onset of sepsis. The treatment combined antibiotic therapy with resection of the head and neck stabilized by external fixation for 45 days. The procedure was only successful in 5 cases out of 8 as far as infection was concerned. The resection did not impair ability to sit in this type of patient. PMID- 6239321 TI - [Patellectomy with preservation of the leverage and continuity of the extensor system in patellar chondropathy]. AB - Seventy patellectomies have been performed using an original technique which aims to replace the site of the patella by two cross bands of fibrous tissue derived from the lateral and medial ligaments. This technique preserves the continuity of the extensor mechanism and it allows early mobilisation with shortening of post operative rehabilitation time. It causes the tendon to thicken, improves cosmesis and maintains the force of the quadriceps, the tendon being kept forward by conservation of the infra-patellar fat pad. The results have been studied in 41 cases of patellar chondropathy, since the results are usually worse in this type of lesion especially in younger patients whose activity is greater. Pain was abolished in 28 cases. The range of movement and quadriceps power was good in all cases but two. In the absence of complications the final result was obtained after 4 months in cases of primary patellectomy. Failures were related to 9 early and 5 late complications. The results were better when the patellectomy was primary and were made worse by any previous surgical procedures. PMID- 6239322 TI - [Instability of the cervical spine caused by arthrosis. An unusual form of degenerative spondylolisthesis]. AB - A case of a patient with spondylolisthesis between C4 and C5 is reported. There were neurological signs of spinal cord involvement and the lesions were essentially those of a posterior degenerative arthrosis with disc degeneration at other levels. This severe instability was cured by an anterior interbody fusion. PMID- 6239323 TI - [Rotator cuff syndrome caused by an anomaly of the insertion of the pectoralis minor]. AB - A case of an anomalous insertion of the pectoralis minor on to the capsule of the gleno-humeral joint is described. It produced signs of deficiency of the rotator cuff. The anomaly had previously been described in anatomy textbooks but does not seem to have been observed previously by clinicians. PMID- 6239324 TI - [Treatment of recurrent luxation of total hip prosthesis by posterior methyl methacrylate buttress]. AB - A shelf operation using cement held by screws inserted into the posterior wall of the acetabulum is described in cases of recurrent dislocation of hip prostheses. The procedure was used in 7 cases of total prostheses and 2 of femoral prostheses. The technique is simple and reliable. It should be used when there is no obvious malposition of the prosthesis or in the elderly when a further operation to re-orientate a faulty prosthesis would be too risky. The results were satisfactory with 7 successes in 9 patients. PMID- 6239325 TI - [Postoperative infectious risk in traumatic bone surgery and protocol for antibiotic therapy]. AB - Eleven hundred and sixty eight traumatic cases have been operated on under constant conditions in a conventional operating room with filtered air and positive pressure using absolute filters of 99.999 efficiency. Two hundred and five were submitted to post-operative prophylactic administration of Cephalosporin (Cefazolin) for 2 days. The overall results showed 0.6 p. 100 of infection but 4 cases of severe sepsis were seen in the group of patients who had received prophylactic antibiotics. The authors have compared these results with those obtained during the previous period when the operating room was less modern. They conclude that this factor is of paramount importance. On the other hand, they have observed 2.1 p. 100 of contaminated drains without subsequent infection. They are concerned at the increase of gram-negative organisms resistant to Cefazolin (60 p. 100) and of Staphylococci resistant to Methicillin (30 p. 100). They conclude that the peroperative flash technique of the administration of Penicillin M is worthwhile. PMID- 6239326 TI - [Primary bone tumors of the spine in children. Apropos of 66 cases]. AB - Primary tumours of the spine in children are infrequent. The authors have studied 60 benign and 6 malignant tumours in 4 orthopaedic centres. These tumours have been diagnosed in 3 different ways - in the study of cord compression, as a finding in the course of a previously known disease, or as an isolated tumour. In most cases, the diagnosis could be made even before biopsy whose technique and indications are discussed. The treatment is based on the pathology but in all cases, it must avoid any loss of stability of the spine such as may occur after extensive resection. PMID- 6239327 TI - [Recent fractures of the scapula. Apropos of 43 cases]. AB - The authors have studied a series of 43 fractures of the scapula. They confirm the results are generally good. However, 12 displaced fractures of the neck of the scapula have been seen. All were treated conservatively with only one good result, the other results being fair or poor. These results are explained by the fact that displaced fractures of the neck disorganize the coraco-acromial arch. This type of fracture should be surgically treated as an articular fracture by open reduction and plate fixation. Fractures of the glenoid should also be treated surgically. PMID- 6239328 TI - [Tibiotarsal arthrodesis in a septic milieu]. AB - The authors have performed 28 ankle fusions for septic causes. There were 23 cases of septic arthritis and 5 severely comminuted compound fractures treated by primary fusion. Arthrodesis was made after wide excision and stabilization by external fixator. In 23 cases secondary bone grafting was done. Only in 13 cases was a satisfactory contact between the bony surfaces obtained. There was no contact at all in 9 cases. The authors have had good experience with the A.L.J. model of external fixator. On 7 occasions, secondary grafting was made using a cortico-cancellous graft with 3 failures. On 6 occasions, the Papineau technique was used with success but healing was slow. Out of 24 patients, the final result was good in 18 with 4 failures of fusion and 3 persistent sinuses. The importance of a wide excision is emphasised leading to the need for the use of external fixation. In cases of skin loss in recent comminuted fractures, the Papineau method is indicated as a primary procedure. PMID- 6239329 TI - [Nailing for alignment combined with the Sarmiento method. An interesting combination in the treatment of unstable diaphyseal fractures of the tibia]. AB - The authors have reviewed 51 cases of unstable fracture of the tibia treated by nailing followed 3 weeks later by bracing using the Sarmiento technique. The results confirmed the basis of Kuntscher nailing with reaming. This combination of two techniques can rival more sophisticated techniques such as locked nailing. Several complications were noted - one sepsis, one non-union, two malunions and one shortening of 2 cms. PMID- 6239330 TI - [Success factors in posterolateral arthrodesis of the lumbosacral spine]. AB - The authors have performed 180 posterolateral fusions of the lumbar spine for various conditions. A new method of evaluation of the results is proposed using a careful analysis of the pre-operative and post-operative condition of the patient. The overall ratio of fusion was satisfactory and the etiology did not influence the result. The rate of fusion was not improved when screws were inserted into the articular processes. The level and extent of the arthrodesis did not affect the rate of fusion. Both sides should be fused whenever possible. The functional results were better in cases of degenerative spondylolisthesis than in cases of narrowing of the spinal canal without slipping. They were also better when fusion was obtained. Two cases of pure lumbar pain had good results provided that sedentary work could be done by the patient. A preoperative psychiatric examination was useful. The presence of overweight and a long preoperative period of pain were not favourable. In 49 cases, the arthrodesis was made after one or more previous surgical procedures. The results were more satisfactory when the arthrodesis was made without any associated operation on the spinal canal. PMID- 6239331 TI - [Ruptures of the Achilles tendon. Comparison of the results of surgical and nonsurgical treatment]. AB - The authors have compared the results obtained in 76 cases of rupture of the tendo Achillis treated conservatively with a previously published series of cases treated surgically. The same assessment of the results was used. The main complication of surgical treatment was skin necrosis; the main complication of conservative treatment was recurrent rupture. To objective assessment, the loss of strength in the triceps surae was about 20 p. 100 in both series. Subjectively, the conservatively-treated patients seemed more satisfied. These findings support the conclusions of other published comparative studies that conservative treatment is worthwhile since it avoids general anaesthesia and hospital treatment. It is indicated when the conditions are favourable. Surgical treatment should be used in young athletes because healing is quicker in cases of recurrent rupture or old ruptures. PMID- 6239332 TI - [Screwing into the pedicles of the lower lumbar spine (L3-L4-L5) and the lumbosacral joint]. AB - In cases in which fixation of the lower lumbar vertebrae by plates is performed, the insertion of screws into the pedicles may be difficult. After an anatomical study the authors conclude that a partial resection of the articular facet of the superior vertebra allows improved insertion of antero-posterior screws in the pedicles. At the level of the fifth lumbar vertebra, the direction of the screws should be 10 degrees downwards. At the level of the sacrum it should be 30 degrees downwards. Screws of 15 mm length can be used in adults. PMID- 6239333 TI - [Surgical treatment of deformities of the anterior thoracic wall by frontal chondrotomy: an original technic]. AB - According to the author, the frequency of recurrence after sternochondroplasty is related to the poor quality of the chondral callus which is of limited thickness. In addition, it is subjected to shearing force at each respiratory movement. The author proposes frontal chondrotomies allowing anterior displacement in funnel chests or posterior cartilages are sutured. The correction obtained is stable without any supplementary fixation. The plane of section being perpendicular to respiratory movement, the sutures are no longer submitted to shearing strain but to alternate compression and traction. In this way secondary displacement is avoided. PMID- 6239334 TI - [A new technic for segmental spinal osteosynthesis using the posterior approach]. AB - The authors have designed a new method of instrumentation aimed at obtaining a surgical fixation of the scoliotic curve without any post-operative external support. It is particularly strong and rigid and allows an adequate reduction of the curve. This technique avoids the sublaminar space and thus prevents excessive blood loss and diminishes the danger of cord damage. The instrumentation is made of two parallel rough cylindrical rods inserted independently in the convexity and the concavity of the curve. If necessary they can be bent pre-operatively. They are attached to hooks placed on the laminae or pedicles which are locked by bolts thus allowing progressive straightening of the curve. They are joined by two transverse bars, one above and one below to provide better rigidity to the device and allow correction of rotation. The parts of the vertebrae left free by the device are denuded to allow the addition of grafts. Laboratory tests have demonstrated that this type of fixator is more rigid than the Harrington or Luque rods. Fifteen patients, either idiopathic or paralytic cases were operated on without any neurological impairment. No loss of correction was observed since the hooks have been locked. PMID- 6239335 TI - [Digital subtraction angiography for the follow-up control of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty using a scoring system]. AB - Seventy-two patients were examined by venous DSA following angioplasty, 28 of these within three weeks and 44 six months to three years after the procedure. The resolution of the DVI 2 V is adequate for showing reparative changes after dissection in the short-term follow-up. Demonstration was sufficient to enable one to use a coding system which classified the type and severity of the vascular changes. Clinical and angiographic follow-up showed good agreement regarding the amount of improvement obtained; in these patients, clinical follow-up alone is adequate. Where there has been no change in the clinical state or if there has been deterioration, a DSA examination should be carried out in order to ascertain the reason for the lack of improvement. PMID- 6239336 TI - [Echocardiographic studies before and after a 100-mile race on 21 female athletes]. AB - Two-dimensional echocardiography can provide better information than conventional radiological volume measurements concerning the amount of hypertrophy and dilatation, which contribute to the cardiac enlargement found in athletes. Linear cardiac measurements in standardised planes were obtained by two-dimensional echocardiography; the findings in 21 women athletes obtained before and after a 100-mile race were compared with a number of normals. All cardiac chambers were found to be equally enlarged and the aortic root and the ascending aorta were dilated. The generalised dilatation of the heart must be due to increased ejection volume in these athletes. PMID- 6239337 TI - [Dracunculosis. Report of a case with a single localization]. PMID- 6239338 TI - [Recent advances and future perspectives in cardiac catheterization in children]. PMID- 6239339 TI - Disabled superheroes in comic books. PMID- 6239340 TI - A comparison of the effects of phenobarbital and medroxyprogesterone acetate on drug and glucose metabolism in rats with chemical liver injury. AB - The effects of medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) and phenobarbital (PB) on hepatic glucose and drug metabolism were investigated in male rats after liver injury, induced with dimethylnitrosamine (DMN). MPA normalized fasting blood glucose (BG) and serum immunoreactive insulin (IRI) levels and enhanced hepatic glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase) and NADPH cytochrome P450 reductase activities and glycogen and cytochrome P450 (cytP450) contents after liver injury. PB improved hepatic glycogen and cytP450 contents and NADPH cytP450 reductase activity in DMN pretreated rats. The increase in drug metabolism was more pronounced after PB than MPA therapy whereas MPA had more effect on glucose metabolism than had PB. This suggests that the inducing properties of these compounds diverge from each other. PMID- 6239341 TI - Use of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in the diagnosis of Dictyocaulus filaria infection. AB - The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect and quantify antibodies to whole worm extract antigens of Dictyocaulus filaria. The results provided evidence that the test was highly sensitive and could be used as a tool for epidemiological studies. No cross reactions were observed with sera from lambs infected with the hookworm Gaigeria pachyscelis. PMID- 6239342 TI - [Moxisylyte and tinnitus]. PMID- 6239343 TI - [Coronary circulation in patients with left ventricular hypertrophy]. PMID- 6239344 TI - Active mechanisms of immunological tolerance. PMID- 6239345 TI - Lipid metabolism and the initiation and regulation of mediator release from mast cells. PMID- 6239346 TI - [Genetics of affective diseases and current nosology]. PMID- 6239347 TI - [Neurological manifestations in hyperosmolar nonketotic diabetic coma]. PMID- 6239348 TI - [Special clinico-therapeutic aspects of chronic hepatic encephalopathy (chronic progressive hepatocerebral degeneration)]. PMID- 6239350 TI - [Catamnestic modeling of cerebrovascular diseases. A computerized study of 9000 cases]. PMID- 6239349 TI - [Ischemic-type cerebral vascular accidents in the area of the anterior cerebral artery]. PMID- 6239351 TI - [Psychopathological aspects of adolescence and youth]. PMID- 6239353 TI - [Role of biogenic amines in the etiopathogenesis of schizophrenia]. PMID- 6239352 TI - [Use of individual pharmacokinetic parameters in establishing a regimen for lithium administration]. PMID- 6239354 TI - [Hermann Rorschach (1884-1922)]. PMID- 6239355 TI - The electrocardiogram and the athlete. AB - Physiological adaptations of the heart to prolonged, intense physical training produce electrocardiographic changes considered abnormal in untrained persons. Increased vagal tone, anatomical changes in the heart, and other less understood mechanisms are thought to cause a spectrum of surface ECG changes characteristic of trained athletes. Arrhythmias frequently seen include sinus bradycardia, sinus pauses, and supraventricular ectopic beats. Conduction abnormalities such as prolonged P-R interval, first degree AV heart block, Wenckebach type I AV heart block, non-sinus escape rhythms, and intraventricular conduction delays of right bundle branch type are also found. Other commonly seen abnormalities include right axis deviation, increased right and left ventricular voltage, ST segment elevation, diphasic and inverted T waves, and prominent U waves. Changes in ECG parameters with exercise include a shortening of the P-R interval with a concomitant increase in the P wave/P-R interval ratio, improved AV conduction with cessation of Wenckebach phenomenon, and normalisation of ST segment and other T wave changes. Thallium scintigraphy and radionuclide angiography have been very useful in ruling out ischaemic heart disease in athletes with rest- and exercise-induced repolarisation abnormalities. Racial differences in QRS voltage and repolarisation changes have been documented. In summary, it is important to consider the type of physical activity, intensity of training, race of athlete, body habitus, and the time the ECG was obtained in relation to training in order to better understand the "normal' spectrum of ECG changes in athletes. PMID- 6239356 TI - [Reflex circuits of the spinal cord in man. Control during movement and their functional role (1)]. AB - For many years descending and reflex effects were treated as separate entities, spinal reflex pathways being considered as more or less vestigial. In fact convergence of descending tracts and primary afferents onto common spinal interneurones interposed in spinal reflex pathways is the rule. Such convergences suggest that these spinal interneuronal systems play an important integrative role in motor control: transmission of afferent signals resulting from movement can be modified by the descending command and, in turn, impulses in primary afferents can modify the descending command and contribute to the final shaping of movement. How these convergences are used in motor control, however, cannot be known from acute animal experiments. This would require experiments performed during natural movement. Now that it is possible to investigate spinal pathways in man, such experiments can be undertaken. Several spinal pathways can be studied in man with reasonably reliable methods: Ia excitatory pathways from muscle spindle primary endings, the pathway of reciprocal la inhibition, the circuitry of the recurrent inhibition through Renshaw cells and the pathways fed by Ib fibres from Golgi tendon organs. PMID- 6239358 TI - [Organization of rheumatological services to the population of the Pskov district]. PMID- 6239357 TI - [Bechterew's disease and other types of seronegative spondyloarthritis (spondyloarthropathies)--common and distinguishing features]. PMID- 6239359 TI - [Activities of the Saratov State Arthrological Center]. PMID- 6239360 TI - [Honored scientist of the Russian S.F.S.R.: Prof. Dmitrii Dmitrievich Lebedev]. PMID- 6239361 TI - Theoretical interrelationships among immunologic and hematologic sequelae of thermal injury. AB - A hypothesis of possible interrelationships among immunologic and hematologic sequelae of thermal injury is presented. It is postulated that there are definable pathways involving series of abnormalities with multiple interconnections among these pathways. The initiating step of each pathway should be amenable to blockade. Such blockade would theoretically circumvent the occurrence of the abnormalities or lessen their severity and thereby preserve host resistance. PMID- 6239362 TI - [Histology and physiology of the proprioceptive receptors in the extrinsic muscles of the eye]. PMID- 6239363 TI - [Principal muco-cutaneous aspects encountered in AIDS]. AB - Due to the high frequency and variety of the mucous cutaneous signs, the dermatologists are facing many cases of AIDS. These signs are no specific but only the consequence of a cellular immunodeficiency; they can be encountered in other situations, more specifically after an immunosuppressive treatment. Therefore, the diagnosis can be evocated only from AIDS association of the mucous cutaneous manifestations with other clinical, epidemiological and biological signs. The Kaposi's sarcoma which is present in 35 of the observed AIDS is in fact the cutaneous aspect of a cellular immunodeficiency. In one hand, the clinical lesions have a quiet involvement without any associated disorder. At the opposite, cutaneous lesions have a fulminant dissemination associated to lymph nodes and/or visceral involvement and opportunistic infections: these cases have a very severe prognosis. Kaposi's sarcoma is not observed in the cases of post transfusional AIDS. Chronical herpes occurs frequently during this syndrome, the lesions lasting above six weeks associated to anal or genital localizations. Chronical candidosis, clinically associated, has a mucous cutaneous localization with involvement of the oral cavity, progressively extending digestive system and respiratory tracts. PMID- 6239365 TI - [Occupational eczema]. PMID- 6239364 TI - The immunocytochemical location of two membrane-associated placental tissue proteins in human and cynomolgus monkey placentae. AB - Using the PAP technique, the location of two new membrane-associated placental tissue proteins, MP1 and PP4 was studied in the placenta, its membranes, decidua and umbilical cord of human and cynomolgus monkeys. The results were the same throughout pregnancy. MP1 was located in the syncytiotrophoblast and trophoblastic cells of the reflected chorion. Other placental tissue components (cytotrophoblast, amnion, decidua, and umbilical cord) were negative. At present, MP1 appears to be specific for trophoblast. PP4 was located in the syncytiotrophoblast. Furthermore clear positive staining for PP4 was found in the villous cytotrophoblast, reflected and basal chorion, amnion, umbilical cord and decidua. In addition, PP4 was positive in some granulocyte-like blood cells in the intervillous space. Immunocytochemically, the most positive staining for both proteins was observed in the membrane of villous syncytiotrophoblastic cells. The findings in the placenta of cynomolgus monkeys were similar to those in women. The monkey could, thus, serve as a model for the investigation of these new membrane-associated placental tissue proteins. PMID- 6239366 TI - [Palmoplantar dyshidrosis]. PMID- 6239367 TI - Suppressor T cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia associated with red cell hypoplasia. AB - A case of T cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) with red cell hypoplasia and neutropenia is reported. WBC was 10.0 X 10(9)/l with 78% being T lymphocytes. These T lymphocytes were positive for Fc gamma receptor and had OKT8 and Leu 2a antigens on the cell surfaces. They suppressed both erythroid and granulocyte macrophage colony formation in normal bone marrow cultures and suppressed immunoglobulin production by normal B lymphocytes in vitro. Though the myeloid cells were preserved in the bone marrow and the values of serum immunoglobulins were within normal limits, it can be estimated from these results that red cell hypoplasia and neutropenia were partially due to the suppression of haemopoietic precursor cells by leukaemic T lymphocytes. PMID- 6239368 TI - Factor I deficiency and C3 nephritic factor: immunochemical findings and association with Neisseria meningitidis infection in two patients. AB - The complement system was examined in two patients with systemic Neisseria meningitidis infections, both of whom had reduced or nondetectable CH50 as analysed by both pathways. C3 measured by conventional technique revealed 19% anti-C3c-reactive protein in the plasma of patient 1 and 3% in patient 2. Patient 1 had circulating C3b but no detectable C3c, C3d, or C4d, whereas patient 2 had normal levels of C3c and C4d and strongly elevated levels of C3d. Factor B analysis revealed no demonstrable native factor B and small amounts of Bb in patient 1 and normal concentration of native factor B plus trace amounts of Bb in patient 2. The depletion of C3 in both patients was due to uncontrolled activation caused by complete factor I deficiency (patient 1) and circulating C3 nephritic factor (patient 2). Both parents of patient 1 had factor I concentrations below (mean-2 SD) that seen in normal healthy individuals (n = 20). Circulating immune complexes (IC) were demonstrated in patient 1 only, whereas serum from both patients had strongly reduced capacity to solubilize preformed IC. PMID- 6239369 TI - Effect of maternal antigenic stimulation on the active immune response of their offspring. Relationship between the immune reactivity of mother mice and the induction of suppression in their young. AB - Pregnant mice were stimulated by heterologous erythrocyte and protein antigen, and the active immune responses of their offspring as measured by plaque-forming cells (PFC) were investigated. In offspring derived from mothers immunized by a suitable amount of T-dependent antigen, clear-cut suppression of development of specific PFC in spleen was observed over a significant period after delivery. The mechanism of this suppression was investigated, and the following results were obtained. When the heterologous erythrocyte was used as antigen, the more the specific PFC developed in the mother spleen, the stronger the suppression of PFC observed in their offspring. However, it is worthy of note that passive administration of antibody to pregnant mice did not induce suppression in their young. In case of the protein antigen ovalbumin (OVA), pregnant mice had to be injected with a suitable amount of antigen, along with aluminium hydroxide, for either primary or secondary stimulus to induce the suppression of specific PFC in their offspring. Soluble OVA administered to pregnant mice was not effective for inducing suppression in the offspring. Based on these results, some possible mechanisms are discussed concerning specific PFC suppression in the offspring when pregnant mice are stimulated. PMID- 6239370 TI - Auto-delayed-type hypersensitivity induced in immunodeficient mice with modified self-antigens. III. Suppressive T-cell factor controls the autoreactivity against self-antigens. AB - X-irradiated (250 rad), cyclophosphamide-treated or ATx A mice injected with syngeneic trinitrophenylated spleen cells (TNP-SC) and footpad challenged with syngeneic lymphoblasts generated delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) responses 24, 48 and 72 h after challenge. The syngeneic-DTH (syn-DTH) response was mediated by Lyt-1+ cells and suppressed with Lyt-1+2+3+, I-Jk+ cells. The suppressor cells were obtained from spleens or thymuses of normal syngeneic mice. Suppressor factor (SF) was extracted or released from Lyt-1+2+3+, I-Jk+ cells obtained from normal A mice (but not from X-irradiated A mice). The factor blocked the DTH responses of X-irradiated mice injected with syngeneic TNP-SC and challenged with syngeneic lymphoblasts when injected into the mice both at the induction phase and the elicitation phase of the DTH. The factor failed to abrogate allogeneic and xenogeneic DTH. However, allogeneic factor (derived from C57BL/6 mice) abolished the syn-DTH response of mice injected with syngeneic TNP SC and challenged with syngeneic lymphoblasts. The SF was produced by Lyt-1+2+3+, I-Jk+ T cells or by thymocytes. The combined extracted product of Lyt-1+ and Lyt 2+ cells did not abrogate the syn-DTH response. Normal spleen cells depleted of phagocytes by a magnetic procedure also produced the SF. These findings indicate, therefore, that suppressive factor (or factors; see Discussion in the accompanying paper, Ref. 17) controls the immunological autoreactivity against syngeneic TNP-SC. PMID- 6239371 TI - Auto-delayed-type hypersensitivity induced in immunodeficient mice with modified self-antigens. IV. Characterization of the suppressive T-cell factor that controls the autoreactivity against self-antigens. AB - Suppressor cells obtained from spleens of normal A mice, or factor extracted from these suppressor cells, abolished the syngeneic delayed-type hypersensitivity (syn-DTH) response of X-irradiated A mice injected with trinitrophenylated spleen cells and challenged with syngeneic lymphoblasts. Some of the physical, chemical and biological properties of the suppressive factor (SF) were characterized. The SF was relatively temperature-stable and its activity was destroyed by pronase (but not with RNase or DNase). The activity of the SF was absorbed on concanavalin A and anti-I-Jk Sepharose columns, suggesting that the factor is a glycoprotein-bearing I-Jk product. The approximate molecular weight of the factor is 50,000-60,000. The SF was absorbed on plastic adherent cells (but not on non adherent cells). Adherent cells that absorbed the SF abrogated the ability of primed T cells to transfer the syn-DTH to naive X-irradiated recipients. In contrast, SF that was presented directly to the primed T cells failed to abolish their ability to transfer DTH. These findings suggest that the adherent cells serve as mediators, transferring the SF from factor-producing cells (Lyt-1+2+3+, I-Jk+ T cells) to target cells (Lyt-1+ primed T cells). PMID- 6239372 TI - Asynchronous metastasizing renal cell carcinoma associated with progressive immune complex glomerulonephritis and proteinuria. AB - A case of asynchronous renal carcinoma with a 15-year course is described. Right nephrectomy and left heminephrectomy were performed. Solitary metastases to pancreas and striated muscle were treated with total pancreatectomy and local excision, respectively. The patient died of renal failure due to progressive immune complex glomerulonephritis, which was documented histologically as well as by clinical observations of intensifying excretion of urinary protein with decreasing selectivity. The glomerular lesion is suggested to have been caused by deposition of tumour-related immune complexes arising from an immune response by the host to his tumour. PMID- 6239373 TI - Panel says Depo-Provera not proved safe. PMID- 6239374 TI - Conformational variability of NAD+ in the free and bound states: a nicotinamide sandwich in NAD+ crystals. AB - X-ray analysis of the free-acid crystal form of the coenzyme nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) revealed a conformational difference between the free NAD+ molecule and one bound in enzymes or complexed to Li+ ions. The pyrophosphate group showed asymmetry in the phosphate-oxygen bonds of the phosphate-oxygen phosphate link; this bond at the nicotinamide side of the link is longer than that at the adenosine side by 0.04 angstrom. The crystal structure showed a novel intermolecular stacking of adenine and water molecules on opposite sides of nicotinamide that gives rise to a nicotinamide sandwich. PMID- 6239375 TI - Constitutive fragile sites and cancer. AB - Breaks were observed at 51 sites in homologous chromosomes in lymphocytes from ten humans and two great apes when cells were deprived of thymidine. The incidence of breaks was enhanced by caffeine, a substance that inhibits DNA repair in replicating cells. The locations of 20 sites were correlated with breakpoints that have been related to human malignancy. PMID- 6239376 TI - T cell subsets in hairy cell leukemia. PMID- 6239377 TI - The painful accessory navicular. AB - The accessory navicular is usually considered a normal anatomic and roentgenographic variant. The term may refer to two distinct patterns. First, a sesamoid bone may be present within the posterior tibial tendon (Type 1); this is anatomically separate from the navicular. Second, an accessory ossification center may be medial to the navicular (Type 2). During postnatal development this is within a cartilaginous mass that is continuous with the cartilage of the navicular. At skeletal maturity the accessory center usually fuses with the navicular to form a curvilinear bone. The Type 2 pattern may be associated with a painful foot, particularly in the athletic adolescent, and should not be arbitrarily dismissed as a roentgenologic variant in the symptomatic patient. The clinical, radiologic, pathologic, and surgical findings in ten cases are reviewed. Roentgenographically the ossicle is triangular or heart-shaped. 99mTc MDP imaging may be of value when the significance of the ossicle is uncertain. Even when the roentgenographic variant is bilateral, increased radionuclide activity occurs only on the symptomatic side. Histologic examination of surgically excised specimens reveals inflammatory chondro-osseous changes in the navicular-accessory navicular synchondrosis compatible with chronic trauma and stress fracture. Nonsurgical treatment with orthotics or cast immobilization produces variable results and resection of the accessory navicular may be the treatment of choice. PMID- 6239378 TI - Case report 291. Diagnosis: Candida discitis and vertebral osteomyelitis at L1-L2 from hematogenous spread. PMID- 6239379 TI - Case report 292. Diagnosis: alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma, metastatic to the right femur, primary site undetermined. PMID- 6239380 TI - Endemic goitre in lowland Burma. AB - The problem of endemic goitre in Burma was thought to be confined to hilly regions and therefore goitre control programme has been focussed on these areas only. However, sporadic evidences accrued that there might also be pockets of endemic goitre in low-lying areas of the country. Goitre surveys and indepth study were carried out to determine the magnitude and nature of endemic goitre in lowland Burma. The overall goitre rate was 67% and the male:female ratio was 1:1.2. The findings of the study indicate that the problem of endemic goitre is also of public health significance in the lowland areas of the country. It is recommended that effective and appropriate intervention programmes be extended to these areas. PMID- 6239382 TI - [Organizational proposals in the public health system]. PMID- 6239381 TI - Comparative drug trial of a sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine and a sulfalene/pyrimethamine combination against Plasmodium falciparum infections in semi-immune populations of Burma. AB - The antiplasmodial effect of a single dose treatment with a sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine combination as compared to a sulfalene/pyrimethamine combination against falciparum malaria was assessed in semi-immune populations in Burma in early 1980. Parasite clearance rates on Day 7 after treatment were 99.2% for the sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine combination and 98.6% for the sulfalene/pyrimethamine combination for all age-groups. The earlier recrudescence rates within one month were 3.7% and 9.2% respectively, while the later recrudescence rates between 1 and 2 months were 9% and 8.3% respectively. Hence, both combinations were equally effective for treatment of falciparum malaria as no significant difference in the parasite clearance rates was observed. However, the earlier recrudescence rates showed a significant difference with a higher rate for the sulfalene/pyrimethamine combination. This is thought to be due to the shorter half-life of sulfalene compared to sulfadoxine and to its being unable therefore to suppress the falciparum infections for as long a period as sulfadoxine. But there was not much difference in the later recrudescence rates. These combinations have a stimulating effect on the production of falciparum gametocytes; and, in order to minimize transmission, an effective gametocytocide such as primaquine should be given along with them, as well as with the chloroquine/pyrimethamine combination, in areas with efficient malaria vectors. Recrudescence rates and gametocyte rates were highest among children in the 1-4 years age-group and this could be attributed to their lower level of acquired immunity compared to the older children and adults. Vivax malaria was also found to be effectively suppressed for about 4 weeks with both combinations.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6239383 TI - [S. A. Nikonov--physician-revolutionary]. PMID- 6239384 TI - [Public health in the Nakhichevan ASSR (on the 60th anniversary of the creation of the Nakhichevan ASSR)]. PMID- 6239385 TI - [Role of the district clinical hospital in improving the quality of medical services to the population]. PMID- 6239386 TI - [Medical themes on display at the Hermitage]. PMID- 6239387 TI - [From the history of the creation of the Kostiuzhensk Psychiatric Hospital]. PMID- 6239388 TI - [Unstable angina pectoris]. PMID- 6239389 TI - [Major principles of the personality development of a physician-internist]. PMID- 6239390 TI - [Current state and means of improving the recreation of non-organized vacationers at Black Sea health resorts of the Caucasus (social and medical aspects)]. PMID- 6239391 TI - [Dispensary care of patients with peptic ulcer]. PMID- 6239392 TI - [Automated system of processing fluorographic data]. PMID- 6239393 TI - The load on the lumbar spine during isometric strength testing. AB - Reports of back discomfort and even back injuries during isometric strength testing in specific lifting positions indicated an analysis of the loads on the lumbar spine during this type of testing. A biomechanical analysis, which has been validated against EMG and intravital disc pressure measurements, was used for the calculations of the loads in four test persons. The calculations indicated compressive loads on L3 ranging from 5000-11,000 N during squat and torso lifting. Such loads in vitro have been found to cause structural failures of the vertebral endplates. Similar loads also may result in damage to the spine in vivo. PMID- 6239394 TI - Body movements and events contributing to accidental and nonaccidental back injuries. AB - During 1980, 1153 employees attended the Occupational Health Department with back pain out of a working population of 13,958 in a car factory. Four hundred one were absent from work and a further 64 patients were restricted by back pain and unable to perform their normal work. One hundred forty-seven cases of back pain arose at work, and 71 in and around the home. All those who were absent or restricted were questioned about the onset of back pain in order to distinguish between accidental and nonaccidental injuries (NAI), and an accident model was used to structure the information. There were 122 accidents, 114 NAI, and 165 patients who could not attribute a cause to their back pain. A significantly higher proportion of the NAI arose at home and, conversely, a higher proportion of accidents occurred at work. Eighty (66%) of the accidents were underfoot accidents, including 57 slips. There were highly significant differences between the body movements contributing to accidents and NAI. Significantly more of the NAI than the accidents involved load handling, but 52% of the patients able to attribute a cause to their back pain were not moving loads. While handling of loads is important, attention should be directed to other contributory factors such as unsafe floor surfaces and bending and twisting movements--not only at work but also in and around the home. PMID- 6239395 TI - The facet joint and its role in spine pain. Management with facet joint injections. AB - Mechanical derangements of the lumbar spine, causing predominantly back pain with the absence of nerve root irritation or compromise, present a difficult treatment challenge to the average physician. The author suggests that facet joint injections offer a simple, safe, and often dramatically effective means for managing these problems. The historic background and technique are described in detail. The author presents his personal experience with 99 patients receiving a total of 117 facet joint injections in this retrospective, uncontrolled review. Results were classified as excellent in 17%, good in 25%, fair in 9%, mediocre in 4%, and no change in symptoms occurred in 44%. The procedure is recommended for diagnostic and conservative therapy. PMID- 6239396 TI - Symptoms associated with lysis of the pars interarticularis. AB - Comparisons were made between the symptoms of 131 patients with lysis of the pars interarticularis and 2229 patients without lysis, attending a first referral back pain clinic. The canal diameter measured by ultrasound was compared in the two groups, and the slip ratio measured for those with olisthesis. There were significantly fewer patients who had symptoms associated with disc prolapse and lysis of the pars. It is suggested that an enlarged central spinal canal may protect the patient with a pars defect from disabling root problems in the presence of a disc lesion. The most common symptom in those attending with lytic defects was pain in the back and/or referred pain, occurring with nearly twice the frequency for other attenders at the clinic. The incidence of lysis (5.6%) in patients attending the clinic was probably no greater than its incidence in the general population. PMID- 6239397 TI - Transfer of Chinese hamster chromosome 1 to mouse cells and regional assignment of 7 genes: a combination of gene transfer and microcell fusion. AB - We have used a combination of chromosome-mediated gene transfer and microcell fusion techniques to transfer Chinese hamster chromosome 1 to mouse cells. Microcell hybrids containing a single hamster chromosome were analyzed to map genes on this chromosome. We have confirmed the assignment of seven markers (GSR, NP, EST-D, ADK, PEP-S, PGM2, and PEP-B) to hamster chromosome 1. Segregation among the linked markers was induced by X irradiation followed by selection for the retention or loss of human hprt. Cosegregation of markers in independent subclones made it possible to determine the gene order for the seven loci. The gene order proposed for these loci is as follows: pter-GSR-NP-EST-D-ADK-(PEP-S, PGM2)-PEP-B-qter. In addition GSR, NP, EST-D, and ADK have been assigned to pter 1q12; PEP-S and PGM2 to 1q12-1q21, and PEP-B to 1q32-1qter. These regional assignments and gene order on chromosome 1 have provided the information relevant to the linkages conserved between Chinese hamster, mouse, and man. PMID- 6239398 TI - Bypass versus primary major amputation in patients with femoropopliteal distal disease and a threatened limb. AB - Over a 36-month period 201 patients came to the Vascular Service, King Edward VIII Hospital, with atherosclerotic occlusive disease involving the femoropopliteal or femoro-infrapopliteal segments. On the basis of angiographic and clinical assessment 113 patients underwent bypass procedures and in 88 amputation was performed. The two groups were well matched as regards age and clinical condition. In-hospital mortality was 3,5% and 2,3% in the bypass and amputation groups respectively and the time spent in hospital was 5-6 weeks. In the longer term the desired achievement was limb salvage or ambulation on a prosthesis. Cumulative life-table analysis showed that more patients in the limb salvage group than amputees were ambulant over any given time interval, although at 36 months after operation there was only an 8-10% difference. The results suggest that it is worth while attempting limb salvage in these cases, certainly as far as the first 3 years after operation are concerned. PMID- 6239400 TI - Socio-hygienical impact of morbidity by acute cholecystitis and urgent actions for better organizing patients' medical assistance. PMID- 6239399 TI - Fixed drug eruptions on male genitalia: clinical and etiologic study. AB - Fixed drug eruptions exclusively involving the genitalia of 60 male patients were investigated. Forty-two of the 60 patients completed tests designed to identify the causative drug. Tetracycline, aspirin, metamizole, and trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole were found to be common etiologic agents. The sites affected were the glans penis, coronal sulcus, and preputial skin. Superficial ulceration or pigmented areas surrounded by an erythematous halo were the main clinical findings at the time of presentation. PMID- 6239401 TI - [Chronic lymphocytic leukemia of T-cells with a suppressor phenotype (T3+, T4-, T8+). Report of 2 cases]. PMID- 6239402 TI - Private practice preventive dentistry for the special patient. PMID- 6239403 TI - Safety of hospital dental treatment for the high-risk patient. PMID- 6239405 TI - The dental hygienist as dental care advocate for persons with disabilities. PMID- 6239404 TI - Oral hygiene devices for special patients. PMID- 6239406 TI - Undergraduate dental hygiene education for special patient care. PMID- 6239407 TI - Undergraduate and postgraduate dental hygiene in an outpatient specialty clinic. PMID- 6239408 TI - Coordinating agency relationships with a dental hygiene program. PMID- 6239409 TI - Clearance of modified plasminogen produced in the circulation after strenuous exercise. PMID- 6239410 TI - Inhibitory effect of deoxynivalenol, 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol and zearalenone on induction of rat and human lymphocyte proliferation. AB - Deoxynivalenol (DON), 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol (acetylDON) and zearalenone (Ze) were examined for their in vitro effect on mitogen-induced lymphocyte blastogenesis using rat or human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL). A dose dependent reduction of lymphocyte proliferation was demonstrated for each mycotoxin. However, the inhibitory effect of DON was significantly higher than that of the acetylated compound. Concentrations of 90 ng/ml and 220 ng/ml inhibited rat and human lymphocyte blastogenesis by 50%, respectively, whereas 450 ng/ml and 1060 ng/ml acetylDON were required to produce the same effect. The amount of Ze necessary to inhibit blastogenesis by 50% was 250 times greater than required for DON. There was no evidence of cell death and combinations of DON and Ze did not alter the expected response. PMID- 6239412 TI - Donor-specific transfusions in unrelated and related HLA-mismatched donor recipient combinations. AB - The donor-specific transfusion protocol (DST) with (DST+I) or without Imuran has resulted in improved graft survival in one-haplotype-mismatched high-MLC-reactive donor-recipient combinations. In this study we have extended the use of donor specific transfusions to unrelated individuals (group 1), distant relatives (group 2), and two-haplotype-mismatched siblings (group 3). All grafts in group 1 and group 2 are functioning. In group 3, one patient was lost from a myocardial infarct and one kidney was lost due to rejection. In vitro testing was performed using cryopreserved cells obtained prior to transfusion (t0), after the third transfusion (tt), and after transplantation (tx). We observed patient-specific suppression in tt plasma and nonspecific suppression by tx plasma. We also found ADCC-like activity in tx, but not in t0 or tt plasma in 2 out of 3 patients. The suppressor effect of tt plasma is mediated by IgG antibody and possibly reflects an antiidiotypic antibody. PMID- 6239411 TI - Oral rehydration therapy in the home by village mothers in Burma. AB - Acceptability and effectiveness of oral rehydration therapy (ORT) when given by mothers in the home under village conditions was investigated in six (two control and four test) communities at Htauk-kyant near Rangoon, Burma. The control and test village communities had populations of 2085 and 4278 respectively, of which 218 and 623 were children under five. In the test villages, Oral Rehydration Salts (ORS) were made constantly available by providing each household with one packet of ORS, which was replenished whenever a used packet was returned to the field workers during their daily surveillance rounds. In control villages ORS packets were not provided. Daily diarrhoea surveillance was made for one year, including daily weighing of each child with diarrhoea, and across-episode weight changes were calculated. Monthly mass anthropometric measurements (weight and height) were carried out on over 90% of all children in test and control villages. Stool samples were investigated for bacterial aetiological agents. In test villages 327 children developed diarrhoea (52% of all children) with a total of 639 episodes and an incidence of 1.3 episodes per child per year. 314 diarrhoea episodes (49% of all) occurred in 67 children who had three or more episodes each. ORS was readily accepted and administered by mothers in 96% of the diarrhoea episodes. The impact of ORS on mortality and morbidity could not be demonstrated as there was no death, nor necessity for admission to hospital for diarrhoea in either test or control village populations.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6239413 TI - Immunopharmacodynamic evaluation of cyclosporine-treated renal allograft recipients. AB - Since the mode of action of cyclosporine (CsA) in man is incompletely understood, there are no monitoring tools to assess immunosuppressive effect in vivo. In vitro CsA inhibits lymphoproliferation in response to allogeneic and mitogenic stimuli, presumably due to reversible suppression of T helper cell generation of interleukin-2. Therefore the present studies examined the immunosuppressive effect of patient sera on a third-party mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) as a pharmacodynamic approach to quantify patient responses to CsA administration. Four kinetic patterns of in vitro immunosuppressive activity were discerned: 24/28 (86%) patients showing two cycles of MLR inhibition--namely, a first peak corresponding to absorption of CsA and an independent second peak of immunosuppression (type I), were free of rejection; while 17/23 (74%) patients demonstrating one cycle corresponding to the peak of CsA absorption (type II) suffered rejection episodes (P less than 0.001). In addition, 20 patients generating continuously high levels of in vitro serum activity (type III) were almost all free of rejection, but manifested nephrotoxicity; while two patients showing continuously low levels (type IV) suffered graft loss due to irreversible rejection (P less than 0.01). Thus failure to display either a second peak or continuously high levels of MLR inhibition was associated with a markedly increased incidence of rejection (76% versus 16%). The in vitro functional characteristics of peak-2 were similar to those of CsA, as assessed by the kinetics of inhibition of MLR lymphoproliferation or cell-mediated lympholysis (CML), and by gross chemical properties of partitioning into organic solvents and heat stability. These findings suggest that pharmacodynamic analysis by MLR inhibition not only affords a useful parameter of immunosuppression, but also may provide an in vitro model to dissect the generation and biotransformation of active CsA metabolites. PMID- 6239414 TI - Pretreatment of renal allograft recipients with immunosuppression and donor specific blood. AB - The induction of immunologic unresponsiveness to improve renal allograft survival was attempted in 64 patients by the pretransplant administration of donor specific whole blood or buffy coat in conjunction with continuous azathioprine immunosuppression. All donor/recipient combinations were at least one-haplotype disparate. Presensitization, defined as a positive Amos or antiglobulin crossmatch or a high-titer (greater than 1:8) B-cell-positive crossmatch, was present in 6 patients and not present in 58 patients. Attempts at desensitization of the already sensitized group were uniformly unsuccessful. Treatment of the 58 nonpresensitized patients resulted in transient sensitization in 2 patients, permanent sensitization in 1 patient, and no evidence of sensitization in 55 patients. Fifty-three patients underwent renal transplantation from the specific blood donor, and only two have experienced renal allograft rejection loss during a mean follow-up period of 22 months (5-45 months); 57% have never experienced a rejection episode. The two-year renal allograft survival rate was 85%. This is significantly (P less than 0.01) better than our historical experience of 64% with one-haplotype living-related transplants. The low rate of sensitization (5%) has permitted almost all patients to undergo eventual renal transplantation from the specific blood donor. This and the low rate of rejection (4%) argues for a modification of the immunologic response, rather than a selecting-out process as the mechanism for improved allograft survival. PMID- 6239415 TI - The use of cyclosporine in living-related renal transplantation. Donor-specific hyporesponsiveness and steroid withdrawal. AB - Fourteen HLA-identical (HLA-ID) and 62 haploidentical (HP-ID) living-related donor (LRD) renal allograft recipients were transplanted using cyclosporine (CsA) and prednisone immunosuppression. No patients were preconditioned with pretransplant blood transfusions (third-party or donor-specific)--and, therefore, none were sensitized to their donor. Patient 93% (13/14) and graft 93% (13/14) survival for the HLA-ID patients is not significantly different (P greater than .1) compared with patient 98% (61/62) and graft 91% (56/62) survival in the HP-ID patients, with a mean follow-up of 16.3 (8-30) and 14.7 (2-35) months, respectively. A significant difference was noted in the incidence of treated rejection episodes (0% vs. 31%, P less than .01) and the mean serum (mg/dl) creatinine (1.37 vs. 1.71, P less than .05) at 18 months between the HLA-ID and the HP-ID and HP-ID recipients, respectively. Ten of 22 HP-ID recipients demonstrated donor-specific mixed lymphocyte culture hyporesponsiveness one year posttransplant that may have been due to the emergence of monocytoid suppressor cells. Nine of these HP-ID and seven HLA-ID recipients were subjected to a protocol of steroid withdrawal. Eleven of these patients are currently on CsA monodrug therapy and two are on alternate-day steroids from 9-18 months after discontinuation of prednisone. These findings suggest that CsA is an effective steroid-sparing agent in LRD renal transplantation that diminishes the frequency of treated rejection episodes and may permit monodrug therapy in selected individuals. PMID- 6239416 TI - A reappraisal of the effects of monoclonal antibodies directed at T cell differentiation antigens. AB - We examined the effects of monoclonal antibodies (Abs) directed at T3 antigen (expressed on most post-thymic T cells), T4 antigen (helper/inducer subset) and T8 antigen (suppressor/cytotoxic subset). Anti-T3 induced interleukin-2 production and proliferation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBM). Anti-T4 or T8 did not exhibit such properties. Addition of methylprednisolone (MP) or cyclosporine (CsA) to PBM activated with anti-T3 resulted in 79% and 88% suppression of proliferation, respectively. Neither anti-T4 nor anti-T8 mediated significant inhibition of anti-T3-induced proliferation. Primary mixed lymphocyte cultures (MLC) were variably affected by Abs. Anti-T3 augmented proliferation found in primary MLCs at 48 hr and had an inconsistent effect on the proliferative response found at 120-136 hr of culture. Primary cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) generation was consistently suppressed by anti-T3, while natural killer (NK)-cell-like activity was augmented at 72 hr and suppressed after 136 hr of culture. Anti-T4 mediated a dose-dependent suppression of proliferation and CTL generation in the primary MLC and had minimal effect on the induction of NK cell-like activity. At high concentrations (5000-1000 ng/ml), anti-T8 mediated modest inhibition of proliferation and of the induction of cytolytic activity. Alloimmune memory cells, generated in long-term primary MLCs, were activated by anti-T3 to exhibit specific secondary cytolytic activity and NK-cell-like activity in the absence of the original priming stimulus. Neither anti-T4 nor anti-T8, under identical experimental conditions, activated memory cells. When interrelated, our experimental findings indicated that: (1) the ultimate immunity elicited by anti-T3-T3 antigen interaction is critically dependent upon the immune potential of the cell assessed; (2) MP or CsA can inhibit PBM activation by anti-T3; and (3) anti-T4 might have a role as an immunosuppressant in renal graft recipients. PMID- 6239417 TI - Blood transfusion and antiidiotypic immunity. PMID- 6239419 TI - Mechanism of action of donor-specific transfusion: inhibition of mixed lymphocyte culture response by patient plasma. PMID- 6239418 TI - An immunosuppressive myeloablative preparative regimen adequate for matched sibling transplant, inadequate in histoincompatible, T cell-depleted marrow cells in leukemia. PMID- 6239420 TI - Donor-specific suppressor cells and donor-specific loss of cell-mediated lympholysis in renal allograft recipients: a comparative study. PMID- 6239421 TI - The real meaning of changing peripheral blood helper to cytotoxic/suppressor cell ratio during renal allograft rejection. PMID- 6239422 TI - Monitoring of cytotoxic T cell function in cardiac transplant recipients: the immediate posttransplant period. PMID- 6239423 TI - Depressed proliferative responses in autologous mixed lymphocyte cultures and to soluble antigen by lymphocytes from long-term renal allograft recipients. PMID- 6239424 TI - Evaluation of lymphocyte subsets and suppressor cell function in long-term renal transplant recipients. PMID- 6239425 TI - Cellular function and T cell subsets in patients with long-surviving renal transplants. PMID- 6239426 TI - Differential effects of horse ATG and rabbit ATG on T cell and T cell subset levels measured by monoclonal antibodies. PMID- 6239427 TI - Immunologic monitoring in cardiac transplantation. PMID- 6239428 TI - A functional assay for cyclosporine in patient serum. PMID- 6239429 TI - Comparison of modes of action of different immunosuppressive agents. PMID- 6239430 TI - T suppressor cell function in cyclosporine-treated renal transplant recipients. PMID- 6239431 TI - Disseminating herpes simplex infection: primary lesions in urinary bladder and successful treatment with forscarnet sodium. PMID- 6239432 TI - Platelet activation in patients with benign and malignant ovarian diseases. AB - Plasma concentration of beta-thromboglobulin (beta-TG) and platelet factor 4 (PF4) were measured by radioimmunoassay in 45 patients with benign and malignant ovarian diseases. All patients with ovarian carcinoma showed increased beta-TG and PF4 levels. Among benign ovarian diseases the patients with serous cystadenoma more frequently showed signs of platelet activation, whereas those with endometriotic cyst and mucinous cystadenoma generally had normal beta-TG and PF4 values. These results indicate that an increased platelet activation is consistently associated with malignant tumors of the ovary, whereas benign tumors show a different capacity to induce platelet activation. PMID- 6239433 TI - [Age-related changes in ATPase activity from rat salivary glands]. AB - The ATP hydrolysis by homogenates of oral cavity mucosa, parotid, mandibular and sublingual glands of rats was studied depending on the animal age (1,3 and 12 months). In all the studied tissues the souring of incubation medium due to ATP hydrolysis is followed by its subsequent alkalization up to the initial pH. The alkalization rate increases with the animal age and by 12 months reaches its constant value (within 22.5 +/- 4.1-25.7 +/- 7.5 ng-ion H3 per 1 mg of protein for 1 min). The observed effect evidences for an increase in the mitochondrial membrane permeability of the studied tissues with the animal age. PMID- 6239434 TI - [Diagnostic tests in deep venous thrombosis in the lower extremities]. PMID- 6239435 TI - [Treatment of chronic incapacitating low back pain with Marcain via epidural catheters]. PMID- 6239436 TI - [Cutaneous side effects of penicillins. Reports to the committee on adverse drug reactions]. PMID- 6239437 TI - [Surgery of large ventral hernias]. PMID- 6239439 TI - Ultrasonic and clinical aspects in the diagnosis and prognosis of congenital gastrointestinal anomalies. AB - The diagnostic and prognostic aspects were analyzed in 36 cases of congenital gastrointestinal tract anomalies. An abnormality was ultrasonically detected or strongly suspected in 53% of the cases, with the highest accuracy in the groups of omphalocele and duodenal atresia and with the lowest detection rate in diaphragmatic hernia and oesophageal atresia. Polyhydramnion was present in 47% of the cases. The high rate of total fetal and neonatal loss (70%) was mainly attributed to associated multiple anomalies of the fetus (66%). The frequency of chromosomal abnormalities was 39%. Our results reflect the complexity of the practical problems associated with the diagnosis and management of fetal gastrointestinal anomalies. PMID- 6239438 TI - Ultrasound diagnosis and perinatal management of surgically correctable fetal malformations. AB - Among 276 fetal malformations detected during the nine year period there were 97 potentially correctable anomalies which are described in detail as are the antenatal and postnatal corrective procedures undertaken. On 35 hydrocephalic fetuses 9 were operated upon postnatally in the last 2 yr. Three months after the operation four of the babies were found to be developing normally, three moderately well while two were severely retarded. Two out six babies with cystic hygroma were successfully operated after birth and their development is now normal. Of 23 malformations of the gastro-intestinal tract (two diaphragmatic hernias, three esophageal, four duodenal and four jejunal atresias, seven omphalocele, three gastroschisis) 13 babies were successfully operated and are developing normally. In 8 out of 10 antenatally detected cases of obstructive uropathy antenatal intervention was undertaken. In one case a shunt catheter was inserted for the last three weeks before delivery. Puncture and urine evacuation was performed in seven of the babies. Five were live born and surgical correction was successfully undertaken after birth, while two died (one multiple malformations and the other respiratory distress syndrome). After excluding multiple and chromosomal anomalies the best results are obtained in the correction of gastro-intestinal tract atresia (9 of 11) and obstructive uropathy (5 of 7), where once a passage has been established the baby develops normally. Interventions such as shunts in hydrocephalic babies are always a matter for discussion in relation to the final outcome, but when there is no other choice, this too is a way of endeavouring to help such a baby. Early antenatal diagnosis is therefore extremely important when interruption of pregnancy is still feasible. In cases of malformations detected at a later gestational age early diagnosis facilitates the assessment of the development of the affected organ, possible timely antenatal correction, team consultation regarding the time and mode of delivery and preparations for postnatal correction. Such an antenatal approach makes it possible to significantly influence the perinatal outcome. PMID- 6239440 TI - Expanded 99mTc-methylene diphosphonate (MDP) bone scan. AB - Patients with prostatic cancer frequently require evaluation of bony metastases as well as renal function. 99mTc-methylene diphosphonate, a commonly used bone imaging agent, is about 60 per cent localized in the bony skeleton and about 40 per cent excreted by the kidneys. Immediate imaging after intravenous injection of the isotope may yield high-quality radionuclide nephrourograms, which provide excellent visual and graphic displays of renal anatomy and excretory function. Our preliminary studies suggest that the immediate 99mTc-methylene diphosphonate scan may usefully expand the value of a routine bone scan to screen for ureteral obstruction. Patients with underlying malignancy who require simultaneous evaluation and follow-up of bony metastases and renal function might be conveniently served by the dual functions of the expanded bone scan to include immediate imaging of the kidneys. PMID- 6239442 TI - [Prevention of development and rehabilitation in handicapped institutionalized children]. PMID- 6239441 TI - Ectopia cordis thoracoabdominalis in a piglet. AB - A congenital anomaly characterised by displacement of the heart through a ventral body wall fissure involving the thoracic and cranial abdominal regions was recorded in a female Yorkshire-cross piglet. Dissection to assess the morphology of the developmental defect and a summary review of the literature on ectopia cordis were made. This case appears to be one of only three of ectopia cordis thoracoabdominalis reported in swine. PMID- 6239443 TI - [Work of the socially active organizations of a medical institute in the military and patriotic education of students]. PMID- 6239444 TI - [Back pain in air force pilots]. PMID- 6239445 TI - [Course of experimental atherosclerosis in the mountains at moderate altitude]. PMID- 6239446 TI - [Moderately mineralized (Obukhovskaia) mineral water and urosulfan electrophoresis in the treatment of children with pyelonephritis]. PMID- 6239447 TI - [Complex health resort treatment of patients with inflammatory diseases of the adnexa uteri and vegetovascular disorders]. PMID- 6239448 TI - [Activities of the Sochi Institute of Health Resorts and Physiotherapy with regard to improving physiotherapeutic services]. PMID- 6239450 TI - [Changes in myosin ATPase activity in skeletal muscle in acute ischemia of the extremities]. PMID- 6239449 TI - [Changes in the secondary and tertiary structure of serum albumin in interactions with ligands of various structures]. AB - High affinity interactions between blood serum albumin and five substances of various chemical structure, exhibiting distinct physiological activity, were accompanied by alterations in the protein tertiary structure, while the albumin secondary structure was involved in conformational transformation after less effective affinity binding. PMID- 6239451 TI - [Methods of eliminating immune complexes in kidney disease patients (a review of the literature)]. PMID- 6239452 TI - [Combined differentiated treatment of patients with lumbosacral pains]. PMID- 6239453 TI - [Disorders of cell-mediated immunity in rheumatoid arthritis]. PMID- 6239454 TI - [Longitudinal 3-year follow-up of the status of patients with chronic non coronarogenic myocardial disease among the adult population of the Razgrad District]. AB - Via a comprehensive study of the patient groups from the hospital, polyclinic and follow-up care, within the frames of Razgrad district, 252 cases with positive data for chronic noncoronary myocardial diseases were accurately specified. The basic task that was set, was to follow up the dynamics in the progress of the myocardial disease. One hundred and eight patients (54,76 +/- 6,15%) manifested no change in their state in the course of 3 years, 25,40 +/- 5,37% had and improvement in their state as a result from the therapy carried out. In 17,46 +/- 68% the patients had a deterioration in their state and 2,38 +/- 0,96%--died. The analysis of the data reveal that the quickest and most unfavourable evolution had the patients with myocardial pathology. PMID- 6239456 TI - [Method of calculating momentary blood velocity, mean velocity, vascular diameter and volume of blood flowing through the vessels using pulse-Doppler flowmeter UDP 30]. PMID- 6239455 TI - [Hematoma of the rectus abdominis muscle as a surgical problem]. PMID- 6239457 TI - [Effectiveness of selected preparations in the control of syngamiasis, capillariasis and heterakidosis in pheasants]. PMID- 6239458 TI - [Lipoprotein Lp(a) as a risk factor for heart infarct--a family study]. AB - Lp(a) concentrations, apolipoprotein A-I and B, and various lipid parameters were measured from members of 3 families in which myocardial infarction frequently occurred. No correlation could be found between Lp(a) concentration and other lipoprotein parameters. It has been demonstrated that myocardial infarction and atherosclerotic diseases occur only in patients with Lp(a) concentrations higher than 70 mg/dl. An unfavourable Apo B/Apo A-I relation or LDL/HDL relation, associated with high Lp(a) concentration seems to play a decisive role in the development of atherosclerosis or myocardial infarction. The study suggests that subjects with Lp(a) values higher than 100 mg/dl could suffer from a special form of hyperlipoproteinemia ("Hyper-Lp(a)"). PMID- 6239459 TI - [Alternating administration in external therapy with corticosteroids in daily practice]. PMID- 6239460 TI - [Reflections on the uniform evaluation of disability stages and nursing care needs of handicapped children and adolescents as well as questions on invalidation of adolescents]. PMID- 6239461 TI - [Use of bioglass ceramic for alloplastic bone replacements in the maxillofacial region. 1. Studies on clinically oriented animal models]. PMID- 6239462 TI - [Microradiographic studies with the TUR mammographic attachment after endosseous implantation of sintered bioglass ceramic]. PMID- 6239463 TI - [Intraoral recording of jaw movements in relation to aging]. PMID- 6239464 TI - [Relation between the lateral pterygoid muscle and the articular disk and their significance for movement in the temporo-mandibular joint]. PMID- 6239465 TI - [Skin changes and jaw cysts--case reports of the basal cell nevus syndrome]. PMID- 6239466 TI - [Relations between the primary tumor and the regional lymph drainage area in carcinomas of the orolabial region]. PMID- 6239467 TI - [Ceramo-platinum-foil technic: rational metalloceramics]. PMID- 6239468 TI - [Cell surface changes after high-dosage progesterone treatment in endometrial carcinoma]. AB - Scanning electron microscopic examination revealed conspicuous superficial changes in endometrial carcinoma, primarily in highly differentiated cases, after treatment with high doses of a progesterone compound (Depo-Provera). The most important changes included decrease of superficial structure, distruction of microvilli, loosening of intercellular connection and disintegration of the glandular substance. In consequence a barren, poorly structured, "devastated" pattern was seen, which points to the regressive processes on intracellular plane occurring on the effect of progestagens. Results confirmed the hypothesis of the close relationship between intracellular and cell surface processes. PMID- 6239469 TI - Differentiation of pathogenic and saprophytic leptospira strains. AB - Comparative studies of 249 pathogenic and 80 saprophytic leptospira strains, including 2 strains of the illini type, using the 8-azaguanine test, growth at 13 degrees C and growth on trypticase soy broth revealed their good differentiating potency if the recommended conditions were carefully observed. The same results were obtained by a simple hemolytic test using sheep and rat blood cells, having the advantage of providing results within 24 h. This test is suggested to replace the 8-azaguanine and the growth test at 13 degrees C. In these investigations, the first European strain of the illini type was recognized. PMID- 6239470 TI - [Clinico-pathogenetic patterns in the development of the runaway syndrome in children and adolescents (according to the findings of a clinico-epidemiologic study)]. AB - A clinico-epidemiological study involved children and adolescents with a history of home abandoning and tramping who live in two administrative districts of a big city. The study was aimed at investigating the prevalence of the dromomania syndrome in the children and adolescents of the given districts, the specification of the nosological and syndromal characteristics of the patients, and eliciting the etiopathogenetic role of various factors (social, communal and biological) in the formation of this syndrome. The findings obtained are indicative of the prevalence of the dromomania syndrome in children and adolescents and of the proportion of various forms of psychic pathology in this patient population. The significance of various factors in the etiopathogenesis of the syndrome was found to vary in different nosological forms. PMID- 6239471 TI - Study of the factors influencing cardiac growth. I. Comparison of cardiomegaly induced by isoproterenol in euthyroid and thyroidectomized rats. AB - The purpose of the present work was to study the cardiac growth-stimulating effect of IPR in hypothyroid animals, in which the in vitro sensitivity of the myocardium to beta-adrenergic agonists is significantly decreased. To determine the degree of myocardial enlargement, wet and dry ventricle weight and myocardial RNA, DNA and protein were measured. IPR administered to euthyroid rats in a dosage of 5 mg/kg/day for 4 days induced cardiomegaly. In thyroidectomized rats, a consistent depression of IPR-induced cardiomegaly was observed. This phenomenon appears to be in accordance with earlier observations showing a marked decrease in maximal beta-receptor level of ventricular membranes after thyroidectomy or PTU treatment. PMID- 6239472 TI - Differences in calcium transport mechanism of the sarcoplasmic reticulum of the slow-twitch and fast-twitch muscle. AB - The Ca2+ uptake mechanism of sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) was comparatively examined in fast-twitch and slow-twitch muscles. The competition of Mg2+ and Ca2+ at the binding sites is important in the function of the Mg2+-activated Ca2+ ATPase of the SR. The best ratio of divalent cations for Ca2+ uptake is not the same in the two kinds of muscle. The formation of the phosphorylated intermediate in more dependent on changes in the concentrations of the two divalent cations in the SR membrane of the fast-twitch than in that of the slow-twitch muscle. The requirement for Mg2+ to an efficient function of the transport ATPase and Ca2+ uptake of SR is greater in the latter than in the former. PMID- 6239473 TI - Further studies on the biochemical characterization of the MC-29 virus derived transplantable hepatoma (VTH). I. Binding of 3H-cortisol to cytoplasmic receptor and DNA. AB - The molecular mechanisms underlying the failure of steroids to stimulate glucose 6-Pase and arylhydrocarbonhydroxylase activities in the MC-29-virus-derived transplantable hepatoma (VTH) were investigated. Following cellular uptake of 3H Cortisol, its subcellular distribution, binding to a specific cytoplasmic receptor and the interaction between steroid-bound receptor and DNA were compared in VTH and in normal chicken liver. No appreciable difference was observed either in 3H-Cortisol uptake or in binding to cytoplasmic receptors. However, compared with normal liver, only half as much hepatoma steroid receptor was able to interact with DNA at the protein/DNA ratio of 60. This reduced DNA binding of VTH 3H-Cortisol-receptor was irrespective of the source of DNA (VTH or liver). It is concluded that one of the causes for abnormal gene regulation in VTH may lie at the level of DNA-protein interaction. PMID- 6239475 TI - Central representation and functional connections of afferent and efferent pathways of Helix pomatia L. lip nerves. AB - Localization and distribution of cerebral neurones sending axons into the three pairs of Helix pomatia lip nerves were investigated by the method of retrograde axonal NiCl2 transport. Using electrophysiological technics (extracellular recordings) the dependence of lip nerve's activity on inputs of other lip nerves was studied after application of various types of stimuli to the lip of semi intact preparations. All lip nerves have neuronal representation in each lobe of the cerebral ganglia but in different proportions. Labelled neurones were located mainly on the ventral surface of the cerebral ganglia, most of them projecting to the medial, the least to the inner lip nerve. Lip nerves differ from each other according to the proportions of neurones of various size. They share in the axons of large (55-70 microns) and medium sized (30-40 microns) neurones in the order inner greater than outer greater than medial and medial greater than outer greater than inner lip nerve, respectively. Most neurones projecting to different nerves are located in discrete groups. According to the electrophysiological results the medial lip nerve has the most prominent afferent, while the inner one has the strongest efferent activity. Both the afferent and efferent activities of the outer lip nerve proved to be the least significant compared to the other lip nerves. Contralateral cerebral connections play an important role in the sensory information processing. The sensory input of a given nerve usually activates the contralateral member of another pair of lip nerves. Mechano- and chemo-afferent pathways have almost the same properties but there are some differences in latencies and other parameters. PMID- 6239474 TI - The effect of neonatal treatment of mice with opioid and dopaminergic agents on the late responsiveness of vasa deferentia to opioids in vitro. AB - Neonatal treatment of mice with opioid and dopamine antagonists (naloxone, haloperidol and sulpiride) failed to alter the in vitro responsiveness of vasa deferentia to opioid agonists in the adulthood. Single neonatal administration of some opioid or dopaminergic agonists, viz. Met-enkephalin and piribedil, tended to enhance the sensitivity of in vitro preparations to opioid agonists, tested in adult animals. Behavioural differences and late mortality were also observed. PMID- 6239476 TI - Seasonal changes in the number of neurocytes containing lipofuscin pigment in selected areas of the brain of Rana temporaria L. AB - The number of neurocytes containing lipofuscin pigment (LEP) was determined in the nucleus infundibularis dorsalis (NID), the subfornical organ (SFO) and the medulla oblongata (MO) of the brain of sexually mature females and males of Rana temporaria L. approximately identical in length and age. The frogs were captured in their natural habitat in seven periods of the annual cycle. The number of LFP positive neurocytes shows distinct seasonal variations in the analyzed areas. In general, neurocytes containing LFP were found in higher numbers during the winter months, and their significant drop was observed in summer. The results seem to suggest that cells containing LFP represent a certain kind of dynamic cellular system responding to various internal and/or external factors changing within a year. PMID- 6239477 TI - The influence of dehydration on the changes in activity of neurocytes of the subfornical organ in the brain of Rana temporaria L. in annual cycle. AB - The changes in volume of neurocyte nuclei of the subfornical organ (SFO) of Rana temporaria L. under the influence of dehydration were analyzed in the annual cycle. Dehydration conspicuously influenced the activity of the neurocytes of the SFO during the year, depending on the stage of active life on land. It is suggested that in the amphibian under study, SFO participates in the regulation of water balance. PMID- 6239478 TI - Influence of environmental (culturing) conditions on the lectin-binding capacity of Tetrahymena. AB - Extreme intra-assay variations and/or contradictory results frequently encountered in lectin binding studies on Tetrahymena cultures prompted us to investigate the environmental factors affecting the physical or chemical properties of the cell membrane for influence on the lectin-binding capacity thereof. It was found that changes in ambient temperature, osmolarity and illumination, as well as temporary starvation, modified the lectin-binding capacity of Tetrahymena to an appreciable degree. It follows that the comparability of the experimental results presupposes the standardization of the above environmental parameters in Tetrahymena cultures used for lectin-binding studies. PMID- 6239479 TI - Effects of a herbicide on the peroxide metabolism enzymes and lipid peroxidation in carp fish (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix). AB - A study was made of the peroxide metabolism enzymes in carp fish, and of the effects on these of three different concentrations of the herbicide paraquat. Mainly the changes in the superoxide dismutase, catalase and lipid peroxidation resembled the changes observed in previous intoxication studies on mammals. PMID- 6239480 TI - [Cesarean section: incidence, indications and early maternal morbidity (comparison of 2 periods: 1970-1972 and 1980-1982)]. AB - In this study the authors compared cesarean section rate and post-operative maternal morbidity occurred during the period 1970-72 with the period 1980-82. The data showed an increased cesarean section rate from 8% to 24% but no difference about number of maternal post-operative complications and fever. Particularly post-operative maternal morbidity in emergency cesarean section fold down till to reach the already low morbidity found in elective cesarean section, besides febrile urinary tract infections are reduced in period 1980-82. No reduction was instead noted in post-cesarean endometrities and bronchopulmonary complications. PMID- 6239481 TI - [Transient ischemic attacks in the carotid system: main angiographic findings]. AB - The clinical material of this report includes 100 cases of TIAs, studied with angiographic investigations in the past four years: lesions in the carotid system were more common (78%) than in the vertebro-basilar system (22%). Ulcerative and stenotic atheromatous plaques of the carotid artery were the more frequent alterations in our cases of TIAs in the carotid system. Thrombosis of the internal carotid artery was fairly frequent. Angiographic investigations used in our patients are presented. PMID- 6239482 TI - [Short- or long-term antibiotic prophylaxis in obstetric and gynecologic laparotomy?]. AB - This clinical trial was conducted to test the effectiveness of short-term prophylaxis (1 hour before, 8 and 16 hours after surgery) and long-term prophylaxis (8 hour a part 5 days long post-operatively) in preventing morbidity related to obstetrics and gynecological abdominal surgery. Short-term prophylaxis was always performed by cefuroxime meanwhile gynecological long-term prophylaxis was performed by ampicillin plus oxacillin and by cefuroxime in case of obstetrical surgery. The results showed that long-term prophylaxis is unnecessary and short-term prophylaxis is preferable because of decreased toxicity, a smaller hospital dispensary cost and a real prophylactic action because tha antibiotic is in the tissue before exposure to the infective agents. PMID- 6239483 TI - [Nesbit's operation in congenital curvature of the penis. Notes on the surgical technic]. AB - The technical features of Nesbit operation, that is the multiple removal of ellipses from the tunica albuginea of the cavernous bodies, for the treatment of congenital curvature of the penis, are described and discussed. A case is presented, in which the aforesaid technique has been successfully applied. PMID- 6239484 TI - [Breech presentation: cesarean section or vaginal delivery?]. AB - The Authors studied breech presentation rate occurred in the Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology of University of Parma during 1983. Perinatal morbidity and mortality occurred after vaginal delivery was also compared with those occurred after both emergency and elective cesarean section. Breech presentation delivery vaginally in 12,91% and by cesarean section in 87,09%. Only one case of perinatal death occurred in 1983 and it was not related to breech presentation. Breech delivery showed the 31,18% of neonatal morbidity with an higher rate in case of vaginal delivery (66,66%). In conclusion the Author's opinion is that vaginal breech delivery should be explained in a few cases according to all possible hazards. PMID- 6239485 TI - [Pedunculated lipoma of the colon: description of an asymptomatic case]. AB - The Authors present a case of "submucous lipoma of the colon" they have incidentally observed. In a high percentage of case the lesion is asymptomatic and it may represent an occasional operating report. The clinical characteristics of the neoplasia are described with a special reference to the case above mentioned. At last some particular aspects concerning the strategy are considered. PMID- 6239486 TI - [Serial determination of HbA1 or the oral glucose test in the adequate evaluation of fetal growth?]. AB - The authors compared sequential HbA1 levels with the results obtained by oral glucose tolerance test (O.G.T.T.) with the purpose of detecting the confidence limit of each test regarding the glucose control in pregnant women. HbA1 detection showed more sensitivity than O.G.T.T. in detecting maternal impaired glucose control and in distinguishing between a metabolic or a genetic feto neonatal macrosomia. PMID- 6239487 TI - [Treatment of large tumors of the cerebellopontile angle using a combined transtentorial and translabyrinthine approach to the middle cranial fossa]. AB - The Authors have reported on 7 patients with large tumors (larger than 4 cm) of the cerebello-pontine angle operated-on utilizing a subtemporal-transtentorial translabyrinthine-trans-occipital approach. The technique, the results and complications of this approach to the cerebello-pontine angle are discussed. The advantages are the delineation of the cranial nerves and of the ventrolateral brainstem with its blood supply. This approach has been associated with a low morbidity and no operative mortality in 5 cases of acoustic nerve tumor and 2 meningiomas. PMID- 6239488 TI - [Clinical, etiopathogenetic and anatomopathological considerations in primary cheilitis]. AB - Among the wide range of stomatitis and mucositis there are lesions, defined as primary cheilitis, affecting mainly the lips. Specific topographic and structural features of the involved area determine their appearance. The Authors revient contact-related cheilitis, actinic-related cheilitis, glandular and suppurative cheilitis, granulomatous and exfoliative cheilitis. They point out the principle clinical, etiopathogenetic and histopathologic features. From their overview it arises, that in modern literature, funy detailed contributions are definitively lacking. Symptomatic medical treatments are a clear reflection of many etiological doubis. Surgical therapy is advised only in chronic actinic-related cheilitis and in deep-rooted glandular cheilitis. In granulomatous cheilitis surgical treatment is indicated once a permanent lip deformity occurs. PMID- 6239489 TI - [Restoration of the opposition of the thumb in paralysis of the median nerve]. AB - The preferable operation for dynamic renewal in cases of inveterate paralysis of median nerve (where nervous recovery through grafting is impossible) is carried out by transferring to the thumb the sublimis flexor of the fourth finger, basically using S. Bunnell's technique. Condition for operation's success is the integrity of short extensor and especially of the longus abductor, which, nerved by the radial, help to place before thumb's column. The authors discuss the results of eight cases checked from two and five years after the operation. The best results have been achieved in cases of low isolated paralysis of the median nerve. PMID- 6239490 TI - Sweet's syndrome in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. AB - We describe the case of a man, previously affected by B-CLL, who developed Sweet's syndrome four months later the previous diagnosis. Sweet's syndrome was diagnosed by cutaneous biopsy. Neither infections nor drugs administration were demonstrated, in order to explain beginning of Sweet's syndrome. Altered immune responsiveness, as seen in B-CLL, could cause Sweet's syndrome. PMID- 6239491 TI - [Curriculum of graduate studies in medicine and surgery: analysis of the graduates in Parma in the academic years 1981-1982 and 1982-1983]. PMID- 6239493 TI - Partial protection against streptozotocin-induced hyperglycaemia by superoxide dismutase linked to polyethylene glycol. AB - To test the possible role of superoxide radicals in the diabetogenic action of streptozotocin, blood glucose levels were measured in mice after a single high dose (150 mg/kg body weight) or multiple low-dose (40 mg/kg for 5 days) injections of streptozotocin. Pretreatment 6 h before streptozotocin with 250-300 mg/kg superoxide dismutase coupled to polyethylene glycol reduced the hyperglycaemic response in mice injected with a single dose of streptozotocin. The blood glucose levels after multiple low doses of streptozotocin were not affected by superoxide dismutase-polyethylene glycol. Enzymatically inactive superoxide dismutase did not affect the development of hyperglycaemia. The results suggest that superoxide radicals may play a role in the diabetogenic action of streptozotocin injected as a high-dose single bolus. PMID- 6239492 TI - Somatomedin A in male puberty. Variation with age, maturity, growth and androgens. AB - Bioassayable somatomedin-A (SM-A) and serum concentrations of testosterone (T) and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) were determined longitudinally in 26 normal boys during puberty. The mean trend of SM-A increased in relation to age, pubic hair development and peak height velocity (PHV) and significant correlations were observed with testicular volume, height velocity and T (all P less than 0.001) but not with DHEA. In relation to growth SM-A increased mainly during 12 to 6 months prior to PHV but no further increase was seen in the 6 months thereafter. Thus pubertal growth and development have to be taken into account in the evaluation of changes in bioassayable SM-A concentrations in boys. PMID- 6239495 TI - [Algorithm in hepatology. Blind biopsy or laparoscopic biopsy?]. AB - Data from 1035 laparoscopic examinations were evaluated with 1% general morbidity and 0.1% death rate - Comparative diagnostic sensibility, specificity and predictive value between endoscopic and histologic findings from 748 cases (408 diffusse - parenchimatous liver diseases, 246 focal - nodular lesions, and 94 normal liver) were calculated. General sensibility (s) was similar for both laparoscopy and histology (s = 93) with different behavior for diffusse liver disease (DLD) and focal-nodular disease (FND) as follows: DLD: Laparoscopy s = 90 +/- 3 Vs. Histology s = 100. FND: Laparoscopy s = 98 +/- 1.8 Vs. Histology s = 85 +/- 4.8 Laparoscopic specificity (Sp) for FND was high (Sp = 100), but 10.6% false positive was diagnosed as DLD (Sp = 90 +/- 6.5). Non histologic false positive were found. High positive predictive value (p.p.v.) was found all cases: DLD: Laparoscopy ppv = 0.97 Vs. Histology p.p.v. = 1. FND: Laparoscopy ppv = 1 Vs. Histology p p.p.v. = 1. On the other hand, negative predictive value (npv) evidences well diferentiated results: DLD Laparoscopy n.p.v. = 0.69 Vs. Histology n.p.v. = 1. FND Laparoscopy n.p.v. = 0.94 Vs. Histology n.p.v. = 0.68. Histologic findings can not replace high fiability of macroscopic ones for FND diagnosis; then, blind liver biopsy is not recommended for this cases, but it could be very useful for DLD diagnosis. PMID- 6239494 TI - Enhancement of human amniotic phospholipase A2 activity by steroid-sulphate derived from the foeto-placental unit. AB - To study the control of production of prostaglandins (PG) during pregnancy and parturition, amniotic membranes obtained from normal vaginal delivery were incubated with the substrate of phosphatidylcholine containing [14C]arachidonic acid in the Sn-2 position. Phospholipase A2 activity was calculated as the rate of release of [14C]arachidonic acid from the substrate. Various steroids were added to the incubation medium to elucidate the effect of steroids on the enzymatic activity. The addition of dehydroepiandrosterone-sulphate (DHA sulphate) to the medium increased by 7-fold the rate of [14C]arachidonic acid release from phosphatidylcholine at a concentration of 1.67 mM. The enhanced rate of arachidonic acid release suggests that DHA-sulphate stimulates phospholipase A2 activity. The same amounts of pregnenolone-sulphate and oestrone-sulphate also enhanced the enzymatic activity, while cholesterol-sulphate, free steroids such as DHA, progesterone, cortisol and oestrogens revealed no effect. These results suggest that steroid sulphates may be involved in the regulatory mechanism for PG synthesis in amniotic membrane. PMID- 6239496 TI - Role of theophylline-resistant and -sensitive T cells in autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction. PMID- 6239497 TI - Autologous mixed-lymphocyte reaction and the role of sheep red blood cells. PMID- 6239498 TI - In vivo platelet activation in lower limbs thrombophlebitis. A longitudinal study. AB - Platelet activation in vivo was studied in patients with thrombophlebitis of the lower limbs. The parameters considered were the platelet aggregate ratio (PAR) and the beta-thromboglobulin (beta-tg) level, which were repeatedly evaluated from the disease onset up to 3 months later, during anticoagulating and antiaggregating therapy. A significant decrease of PAR was found, along with a significant rise of the beta-tg level at the onset of the disease, and these values slowly returned to normal on therapy course. The same parameters exceeded the normal range again when the patients arbitrarily suspended any drug assumption. The possible significance and implications of these findings are discussed. PMID- 6239500 TI - Histochemical characterization of the muscle fiber types of the Teleost (Esox lucius L.). AB - On the base of the actomyosin ATP-ase activity and succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity, 4 types of muscle fibers were described in the pike (Esox lucius L.) body musculature. Besides the typical red, intermediate, and white fibers, probably other fibers discerned were of tonic type. Another fibers found were the intermediate fibers of a characteristic small diameter and localization beyond the intermediate fiber zone. This particular construction of the body musculature is characteristic for darting behaviour fish. PMID- 6239499 TI - [A direct method using lead salts for the histochemical demonstration of myosin adenosine triphosphatase at optimal pH]. AB - The authors propose a direct method for enzyme-histochemical demonstration of myosin-adenosintriphosphatase, through lead ions and optimal pH = 9.4. They have succeeded in developing a stable complex between tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethan and lead(II)citrate, as result of which, at the alcaline pH of the enzyme reaction a direct precipitation of the liberated phosphate takes place in the form of lead phosphate. This one-step method for histochemical demonstration of the enzyme makes possible well reproducible results as an enzyme marker of muscle fibres type II in the differentiation of the type of muscle fibre and the evaluation of the sceletal musculature in general. Because of this, the reaction may be applied with success in clinical pathology for the diagnosis of the degenerative muscular diseases of primary or secondary origin. PMID- 6239501 TI - Skeletal muscle changes in chronic alcoholic patients. A conventional, histochemical, ultrastructural and morphometric study. AB - Muscle biopsies of 20 alcoholic patients (15 males and 5 females), most of whom had liver disease and with no clinical or analytical evidence of neuromyopathy, were studied. 10 abstemious patients with no neuromuscular disease were selected as controls. Conventional histology failed to show significant skeletal muscle changes. A characteristic histochemical picture of tubular aggregates was found in one patient. An enlargement of the intermyofibrillar space with increase in glycogen deposition and fat droplets were detected ultrastructurally while 2 of the patients showed tubular aggregates. The mitochondriae of the alcoholic patients had a smaller perimeter and area than those of the control group (P less than 0.004 and P less than 0.008, respectively). These results suggest that the prolonged ingestion of alcohol can cause a mitochondrial alteration only evidenced by morphometry, with poor clinical, biochemical, electrophysiological and histological expression of myopathy. These findings can represent an early stage of alcoholic skeletal muscle injury. PMID- 6239502 TI - Monocyte/T-cell interactions in Con A induced suppressor activity. AB - It is well documented that peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) can exert a Con A induced suppressor activity. The PBMC content of monocytes and its impact on registered suppressor activity of PBMC populations was examined. It was found that monocytes were unnecessary for the Con A induction of PBMC, and monocytes exhibited no Con A dependent suppressor potential. Furthermore, the presence of monocytes was found to be unnecessary for the Con A activated lymphocytes in order to exert their suppressor activity against the responder system, i.e. a Con A stimulated lymphoblast-transformation. PMID- 6239503 TI - [Effect of soman on cholinesterase activity and acetylcholine content of earthworm dorsal muscle]. PMID- 6239504 TI - [Analgesic effect of morphine injected into habenula, nucleus accumbens or amygdala of rabbits]. PMID- 6239505 TI - [Analgesic activity and toxicity of potent analgesics, ohmefentanyl and mefentanyl]. PMID- 6239506 TI - [Fluorescence characteristics of lysine and arginine residues in venom of Naja naja atra]. PMID- 6239507 TI - [Effect of anisodine and other cholinergic drugs on conditioned response of the hippocampal theta rhythm in rabbits]. PMID- 6239508 TI - [Anti-arrhythmic effect of changrolin combined with nicotinamide in experimental arrhythmia]. PMID- 6239509 TI - [Effect of nicotinamide on atrioventricular conduction in rabbits]. PMID- 6239510 TI - [Cardiac and hemodynamic effect of total saponins of Panax notoginseng]. PMID- 6239511 TI - [Effect of ilexonin A on plasma euglobulin lysis and platelet aggregation]. PMID- 6239512 TI - [Fractionation of venom from Vipera russelli siamensis and the effects of their components on blood coagulation]. PMID- 6239513 TI - [Embryotoxicity and teratogenicity of fluorocarbon emulsion in rats]. PMID- 6239514 TI - [A screening method for tissue schizontocides with Plasmodium yoelii]. PMID- 6239515 TI - [Filaricidal effect of 4 (5-nitrofuryl-2)-methylene amino compounds]. PMID- 6239516 TI - [Effect of 10-hydroxycamptothecin on nuclear RNA polymerase activity in hepatoma cells in mice]. PMID- 6239517 TI - [Retention of 75Se-selenomethionine in rats studied by whole body counting]. PMID- 6239518 TI - Long-term effects of two antidepressants on copulatory and exploratory behaviour in the female rat. AB - The immediate and long-term effects of antidepressant drugs on two different behaviours--copulatory and exploratory--were compared in hormone-treated, ovariectomized rats. The drugs used were desmethylimipramine (DMI 2 and 5 mg/kg) and zimelidine (ZIM 5 and 25 mg/kg). The acute effects were studied 1-4 hours after drug injection, and the long-term effects after four weeks of daily injections. The acute treatment with DMI and ZIM significantly suppressed the lordosis behaviour compared with that in saline-treated controls. After long-term administration of DMI, the 5 mg/kg dose of this drug was still able to inhibit the lordosis response, while the low dose of DMI and ZIM did not produce a significant effect after chronic administration. We suggest that subsensitivity to certain effects of the antidepressant drugs develops during the long-term treatment. PMID- 6239519 TI - Influence of long-term zimelidine treatment on LSD-induced behavioural effects. AB - The effect of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) on copulatory and exploratory behaviour in hormone-treated, ovariectomized rats was investigated 4 weeks after chronic treatment with either saline or zimelidine (ZIM). A decrease in sensitivity to the lordosis-inhibiting effect of LSD was observed in the group treated with ZIM. The two groups also differed in their reaction to LSD in the exploratory test. The ZIM-treated animals seemed to be less sensitive to LSD. We therefore suggest that long-term treatment with ZIM reduces the sensitivity of the postsynaptic serotonin receptor. PMID- 6239520 TI - Effects of acute administration of 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine upon the latency and duration of post-decapitation convulsions. AB - The effect of acute administration of rats with the 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) agonist drug 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine on the convulsions released by decapitation was examined. The postsynaptic agonist, 5-methoxy-N,N dimethyltryptamine, prolonged the latency and duration from the 0.5 mg/kg dose upwards. Methergoline, 2.0 mg/kg intraperitoneally injected immediately prior to 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine, caused some considerable blockade of the effects of the 5-HT agonist on post-decapitation convulsions (PDG's). Long-term p chloroamphetamine (2x10 mg/kg) and p-chlorophenylalanine (1 x 300 mg/kg) did not antagonise the 5-methoxy-N-N-dimethyltryptamine induced changes of PDC's but, by themselves, prolonged PDC duration. The utility of the 5-methoxy-N,N dimethyltryptamine-PDC method for studying 5-HT receptor mechanisms may be worth considering. PMID- 6239521 TI - Arteriovenous difference of plasma vasopressin in normal man and effect of posture. AB - In 13 normotensive 50-year-old men arterial plasma vasopressin (11.3 +/- 2.1 ng/l, mean +/- SE) was significantly increased over venous (7.8 +/- 1.4 ng/l) in the supine position with an arteriovenous difference of 3.5 +/- 1.2 ng/l (p less than 0.05). After 30 min in the upright position, an average increment of 45% to 11.3 +/- 1.8 ng/l was observed for venous vasopressin. Since a similar increase was not found for arterial vasopressin, the arteriovenous difference decreased with 29% to 2.5 +/- 2.1 ng/l and was no longer statistically significant. The correlation between supine and standing vasopressin was statistically significant both for arterial (p less than 0.001) and venous plasma (p less than 0.05). These data indicate a substantial removal of plasma vasopressin by receptors even in the peripheral vascular beds (forearm) and not only in the liver and the kidneys as previous literature claims. The arteriovenous difference decreases in the upright position, most likely because of reduced plasma vasopressin clearance. PMID- 6239522 TI - Increased kidney size following renal angioplasty. A 'new' observation. AB - Percutaneous transluminal renal angioplasty was performed in nine patients (10 kidneys). Immediately following dilatation of the renal artery stenosis, seven of ten kidneys increased in length by at least 0.5 cm (0.5-1.5 cm) indicating improved renal perfusion. This is an observation that does not seem to have been described before. Another, but rare, cause of renal enlargement following angioplasty is hematoma formation which was seen in one of the cases. All of the patients responded well to the treatment and five previously hypertensive patients became normotensive shortly after dilatation. PMID- 6239523 TI - A molecular analysis of the cytolytic T lymphocyte response. PMID- 6239524 TI - Successive effects of a vagolitic and a betadrenergic in the differential diagnosis of nonimmunologic and allergic asthma. AB - In order to determine whether the vagal mechanism is predominant in the physiopathology of asthma, we investigated in the first part of this work. If the new vagolithic, ipratropium can improved the respiratory parameters of asthmatic patients. If the effect is complete or admits yet the supplementary effect of a betadrenergic, Fenoterol. 46 asthmatic patients were registered in some spirographic parameters, e.g. FEV1 (Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 sec.), MMFR25 75 (Maximum Mid-expiratory Flow Rate between the 25 per cent and the 75 per cent of the forced vital capacity) and FEF 200-1200 (Forced Expiratory Flow between 200 ml. and 1200 ml. of the forced vital capacity). The same registers were made 30 minutes after aerolization with 0.05 mg of Ipratropium (two shots) and 10 minutes after 60 micrograms of Fenoterol (three shots). It was found that 78.5 per cent of the patients improved one of the parameters with Ipratropium more than 20 per cent. But 58 per cent of the patients showed an additional improvement with the betadrenergic in one or more of the parameters. This shows that in many cases the physiopathology of asthma is mixed, vagal and betareceptor dependent, in which the medication with Ipratropium plus Fenoterol will obtain better results. Only in some patients the bronchial spasm is vagolithic dependent exclusively, while few others responded to betadrenergic and only 9 per cent of patients did not respond to either one. In the second part of this work we tried to verify if by anamnestic inquiry and additional use of Ipratropium and Fenoterol it is possible to recognize one group of patients with asthma produced by nonimmunologic irritant factors acting on the large airways from another group with asthma due to inhalants allergens and spasm of the small bronchi. The same 46 patients were divided in two groups: Patients who recognize that asthmatic accesses begin after exercise, laughter cold weather, cigarette smoker exposure sprays, synthetics and insecticides. This is the predominantly irritative nonimmunologic group. Patients who recognize that coughing or wheezing begins after contact either with pollen, dust or danders. This is the predominantly allergic group. We proved that patients A improve more with Ipratropium and the opposite is true with patients B. The results with the two drugs are roughly parallel to the anamnestic records.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6239525 TI - [Side effects of therapy with antihuman lymphocyte globulin]. AB - The most important side effects during AHLG-treatment of 34 children suffering from juvenile chronic arthritis, collagenoses, autoimmune chronic hepatitis, aplastic anaemia and acute lymphoblastic leukemia are: Thrombocytopenia, urticaria, fever, anaphylactic reaction. They all are reversible a short time after cessation of AHLG-administration. PMID- 6239526 TI - [Chemical and functional characterization of lymphokines]. AB - Macrophages are heterogeneous with respect to a number of constitutive and inducible functions. In order to study the underlying biological principle, a bone marrow liquid culture system was adopted in which bone marrow cells proliferate and differentiate into macrophages. It was found that maturing macrophages express various constitutive or inducible functions in an ordered sequence. The kinetics of their appearance and disappearance are dependent on the proliferative activity of macrophages. Macrophages in "late" G-1 of the cell cycle express constitutive functions like plasminogen activator production and are inducible by bacterial lipopolysaccharides, Poly I:C and lymphokines to release interferons. The response to lymphokines like migration inhibitory factor (MIF) and chemotactic factors is also transiently expressed during maturation. Using purified MIF, its influence on proliferation, differentiation and activation of macrophages was investigated. The changes induced were monitored following the expression of marker enzymes and of phenotype associated cell surface antigens using monoclonal antibodies. The results showed that functional changes induced by MIF on macrophages are limited and are not related to certain macrophage activating activities (MAF). As determined by flow cytofluorometry, transglutaminase expression and proliferation is consistently down-regulated by MIFs. This together with the shift and the expression of surface antigens indicates that MIFs provide a differentiation signal for a "young" macrophage to become more mature. PMID- 6239527 TI - [Demonstration of T-lymphocyte differentiation in the tonsil by determination of surface markers with monoclonal antibodies and rosette technics]. AB - By means of the monoclonal antibody BL-T2 and the E-rosette technique as well as by double-labelling of the E- and EAC-rosette forming cells with BL-T2, BL-Ig-L/1 and BL-DR it can be shown, that different marker patterns occur in the tonsillar lymphocyte subpopulations. These patterns are indications for T-cell differentiation processes inside the tonsil. PMID- 6239528 TI - Increased number of phagocytic cells among the peripheral blood lymphocytes of mammary tumor patients. AB - Blood lymphocytes of 15 malignant mammary tumor patients and 16 healthy blood donors were tested for latex particle phagocytosis. The mononuclear cell fraction of breast cancer patients has been shown to contain significantly higher number of phagocytic cells (39.13 +/- 13.93%) compared to the values of healthy controls (20.34 +/- 6.96%) (p less than 0.01). It was demonstrated that the majority of phagocytic cells adhered to the glass of the hemocytometer, thus they could be distinguished morphologically from the non-adherent, non-phagocytic cells. The number of ingested latex particles per phagocytic cell was also higher in patients. This result shows that the activity of phagocytic cells was also increased in mammary tumor patients compared to controls. PMID- 6239529 TI - Quantitative thallium-201 imaging: limitations in detecting pathophysiologically significant obstructive coronary artery disease. AB - Washout of thallium-201 after stress testing has been proposed as a method of detecting abnormal zonal myocardial perfusion without relating it to a reference "normal" area. Therefore, 18 patients with single-vessel coronary artery disease, undergoing percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty, underwent maximum stress testing and thallium imaging. A myocardial perfusion defect was seen in the immediate postexercise images in all 19 zones (one patient studied twice) supplied by the vessel with the obstructive lesion. Delayed images showed improvement in 15 of the 19 segments. Of the four zones which did not improve, three had evidence of a prior nontransmural myocardial infarction. Quantitative analysis of washout curves showed that counts decreased in 17 of 19 zones after background subtraction and in all 19 zones if background was not subtracted. In the corresponding normal zones directionally similar decreases in counts were seen. Thus washout characteristics were similar for both diseased and normal zones. These data indicate that washout curves are limited in their ability to detect the presence of a physiologically significant lesion. PMID- 6239530 TI - Disappearance of pathologic Q wave after PTCA in evolving myocardial infarction. PMID- 6239531 TI - Potential complications of coronary laser angioplasty. PMID- 6239532 TI - Chest pain following PTCA. PMID- 6239533 TI - RV dilation following pericardiocentesis. PMID- 6239534 TI - Complaints relating to the handling of carbonless copy paper in Sweden. AB - No specific relationship could be established between complaints and chemicals used in the brands of carbonless copy paper on the Swedish market. The symptoms were non-specific and very variable. Any office encountering these problems must have them analyzed separately to find the local explanation. Carbonless copy paper has been in widespread use for more than 20 years. Although several reports have been published about suspected health hazards from such papers, none has been able to prove any relationship between carbonless copy papers in general and health hazards (see bibliography). That all chemicals in a product are absolutely safe can never be proved, but if all efforts to prove them dangerous fail, the suspicions of their hazards must diminish. Investigations must concentrate on finding the local cause of the trouble. PMID- 6239535 TI - Subtle electrocardiographic changes in children with high levels of blood pressure. AB - One hundred thirty-four children, aged 8 to 17 years, were studied to evaluate differences in left ventricular (LV) voltages with mid-range and high blood pressure (BP) levels. The children were selected from 1,604 children after a series of replicate measurements of BP over a 4-month period. Ninety children were selected from those whose BP persisted at the upper 10% and 44 whose BP remained at the middle range (between the fiftieth and sixtieth percentiles). Factors influencing the electrocardiographic voltage (i.e., triceps skinfold, weight, age, race and sex) were also analyzed. Children in the upper 10% of BP levels showed larger LV voltages R1 + SV1 + RV4 than did those in the middle range. This difference was strongly influenced by larger voltages shown by white children. Males showed larger voltages than females using the same index. Triceps skinfold, age and BP account for 6 to 14% of the electrocardiographic variability in the high BP group. Thus, subtle voltage differences in children with early elevations of BP levels do occur. The larger ventricular voltages on the electrocardiogram may represent an early sign of increased LV mass, as has been noted by echocardiography. PMID- 6239536 TI - Effects of long-term cardiac hypertrophy on coronary vasodilator reserve in SHR rats. AB - The effects of long-term left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy on coronary vascular reserve have not been extensively investigated. To test the hypothesis that the duration of LV hypertrophy may modulate coronary vascular reserve, a newly developed pulsed Doppler flowmeter was used to compare the characteristics of coronary reactive hyperemia in Wistar Kyoto (WKY) and spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) rats. The data suggest that coronary reactive hyperemic responses in the rat are markedly different from those in larger animals and humans, e.g., peak/rest blood flow velocity ratio and the repayment/debt area ratio were 30 to 50% of those observed in larger laboratory animals. Because minimal coronary vascular resistance is similar in the rat and larger animals, the relatively high myocardial oxygen consumption at rest and consequent high myocardial blood flow at rest probably account for the alteration of coronary reactive hyperemia in the rat. In SHR rats, the characteristics of coronary reactive hyperemia decreased during developing (3-month-old) and peak (7-month-old) LV hypertrophy compared with those in their age-matched WKY controls. However, in 12-month-old SHR rats with stable LV hypertrophy, the coronary reactive hyperemic response was similar to that of 12-month-old WKY rats. Mean arterial pressures were significantly elevated in each of the 3 SHR groups. These data suggest a significant decrement in coronary vascular reserve during actively developing and peak LV hypertrophy, but the decrement disappears during stabilized hypertrophy. These studies suggest that the duration of LV hypertrophy may modulate the interaction between pathologic increases in cardiac mass and growth of the coronary vasculature. PMID- 6239537 TI - Now that we can dilate, should we? PMID- 6239538 TI - A phase II study of chlorozotocin in advanced large bowel carcinoma. A cooperative study between two institutions. AB - Mayo clinic and georgetown university carried out a cooperative phase II study of chlorozotocin in measurable advanced large bowel carcinoma. Of 78 evaluable patients randomized, 39 received low-dose (120 mg/m2 if previously untreated, 100 mg/m2 if previously treated) and 39 high-dose (200 mg/m2 if previously untreated, 175 mg/m2 if previously treated) chlorozotocin intravenously at 6-week intervals. Both groups were comparable in regard to age, prior treatment, treating institution, site of metastases, and performance scores. Overall response rate was 8%, including 5% in low-dose patients and 10% in high-dose patients. Toxicity was mild to moderate, with gastrointestinal toxicity substantially, and hematologic toxicity somewhat less, than seen with other nitrosoureas. Time to progression and survival showed no significant difference between patients treated on the low- and high-dose schedules. As chlorozotocin produced less nausea and vomiting than other nitrosoureas, even in the high-dose regimen, it should be considered for evaluation in neoplasms where nitrosoureas have shown more activity than in colorectal carcinoma. PMID- 6239539 TI - Prevalence of anti-HBc in anti-HBs positive individuals: implications for selecting vaccine candidates. AB - Two serologic markers, anti-HBs, -HBc, are useful to determine whether individuals at risk for hepatitis B virus infection are candidates for hepatitis B vaccination. To evaluate the usefulness of these markers in detecting immunity from prior infection (usually asymptomatic), 192 anti-HBs positive health care workers were tested for anti-HBc. In the 68% of individuals with anti-HBs RIA ratios greater than 10, anti-HBc was found in only 75%. In the group with anti HBs ratios less than 10, only 6.6% had anti-HBc. Health care workers with frequent contact with blood and other body fluids were more likely to have both markers present. The incidence of the markers in this group was similar to that observed in 520 homosexually active males. The authors conclude that anti-HBs is more likely to identify prior immunity, particularly in individuals with infrequent HBV exposures. PMID- 6239540 TI - An unusual association between erythroderma and an occult gastric carcinoma. AB - A 63-year-old man presented with erythroderma and a search for an underlying lymphoma was undertaken. An occult gastric carcinoma was found. The association of erythroderma with a visceral malignancy is unusual; this relationship is discussed. PMID- 6239541 TI - Sudden death in the Framingham Heart Study. Differences in incidence and risk factors by sex and coronary disease status. AB - The frequency of and risk factors for sudden death in men and women with and without prior coronary heart disease were investigated in the population-based Framingham Heart Study. The cohort initially consisted of 2,336 men and 2,873 women. Over 26 years, 146 men died suddenly (46% of all male coronary heart disease deaths). A total of 69 men without and 77 men with prior evidence of coronary heart disease were victims of sudden death. Out of 50 sudden deaths in women (34% of female coronary heart disease deaths), 34 occurred in women without prior coronary disease and 16 in women with prior coronary disease. Incidence rates for sudden death were substantially greater in men than in women and in both men and women with, as opposed to without, prior coronary heart disease. The classic coronary heart disease risk factors, left ventricular hypertrophy, age, serum cholesterol, number of cigarettes smoked daily, relative weight, and systolic blood pressure, emerged from multiple logistic regression analysis of sudden death in men without prior coronary heart disease. However, in men with prior coronary disease, only left ventricular hypertrophy and intraventricular block, and no other classic risk factors, were positive predictors of sudden death. For women without prior coronary disease, significant factors were age, vital capacity, hematocrit, serum cholesterol (marginal), and serum glucose (marginal). In women with prior coronary disease, only hematocrit was a consistent predictor. Reasons for the substantial differences in sudden death risk profiles between men and women are not entirely clear, but limitations in data may partially account for these sex differences. PMID- 6239542 TI - Hodgkin's disease: therapeutic role of measles vaccine. PMID- 6239543 TI - Hepatitis B vaccination. Three decision strategies for the individual. AB - Three strategies regarding hepatitis B virus vaccination were compared by decision analysis: no vaccination, immediate vaccination, and vaccination after two years. The potential advantage of waiting two years is to learn whether serious side effects of the vaccine will become evident. For example, it was found that immediate hepatitis B vaccination of 100,000 surgical house officers with a 5 percent annual attack rate for five years would, compared with no vaccination, prevent 4,092 cases of icteric hepatitis, 335 cases of chronic active hepatitis, and 15 deaths from fulminant hepatitis. For a strategy of waiting two years, the number of cases prevented would decrease by about 40 percent. Persons in groups with an annual attack rate lower than 5 percent appear to benefit from vaccination. The known health risks of hepatitis B virus vaccination are low, and the hypothesized risks would have to be frequent to justify delay in vaccination. From an individual perspective, even persons at low risk of hepatitis B virus infection should seriously consider immediate vaccination. PMID- 6239544 TI - Effects of auriculin (atrial natriuretic factor) on blood pressure, renal function, and the renin-aldosterone system in dogs. AB - Auriculin is a potent vasoactive and natriuretic peptide that was recently isolated and purified from rat atrial tissue. Since this peptide could be of great importance for renal, cardiovascular, and volume homeostasis, its functional properties have been characterized in dogs. The effects of synthetic auriculin on renal function, mean blood pressure, plasma renin activity, renin secretory rate, and plasma aldosterone levels were determined. Auriculin was administered intravenously as a prime (1.0 microgram/kg body weight) and constant infusion (0.1 microgram per minute/kg body weight for one hour) to five anesthetized dogs. In addition, two conscious dogs were used to verify some of the results obtained in anesthetized dogs. Auriculin decreased mean blood pressure from 134 +/- 5 to 122 +/- 4 mm Hg (p less than 0.05, paired t test) and increased glomerular filtration rate (25.5 +/- 2.7 to 32.4 +/- 4.1 ml per minute per kidney, p less than 0.05), diuresis (0.21 +/- 0.03 to 1.06 +/- 0.14 ml per minute per kidney, p less than 0.05), natriuresis (38 +/- 0.6 to 187 +/- 35 mueq per minute per kidney, p less than 0.05), and kaliuresis (14.8 +/- 1.6 to 35.7 +/ 6.3 mueq per minute per kidney, p less than 0.05). These effects were sustained throughout the infusion of auriculin and were entirely reversible. Renal plasma flow increased transiently for one to two minutes, and then returned to or below control levels. Urine osmolality decreased by 40 percent (p less than 0.05) whereas free water clearance remained unchanged (p less than 0.05). Auriculin reversibly decreased plasma renin activity (11.6 +/- 2.3 to 3.6 +/- 1.2 ng/ml per hour, p less than 0.05), renin secretory rate (895 +/- 313 to 255 +/- 28 ng per hour per minute, p less than 0.05), and plasma aldosterone levels (8.4 +/- 1.6 to 3.6 +/- 0.7 ng/dl, p less than 0.05), whereas plasma cortisol levels remained unchanged. These results demonstrate that auriculin has a unique combination of functional properties, increasing glomerular filtration rate, diuresis, and natriuresis, without a sustained increase in total renal blood flow, and lowering blood pressure, plasma renin levels, renin secretory rate, and plasma aldosterone levels. These properties suggest an important potential role for atrial natriuretic peptides in the regulation of renal function, extracellular volume, and blood pressure. PMID- 6239545 TI - Obesity in hypertension: how innocent a bystander? AB - Hypertension and obesity frequently coexist in the same patient. However, the two disorders disparately affect cardiovascular function and structure. The presence of obesity significantly affects hypertensive target organ involvement. On one hand, obesity may tend to mitigate the harmful effects of a chronically elevated total peripheral and renal vascular resistance and lessen end-organ damage such as nephrosclerosis in essential hypertension. However, since both obesity and hypertension increase cardiac workload, although by different mechanisms, their presence in the same patient results in a double burden to the left ventricle. Congestive heart failure, sudden death, and coronary heart disease are common sequelae of obesity hypertension. Weight loss reduces arterial pressure by a decrease in intravascular volume and cardiac output associated with a fall in sympathetic activity. Intervention in obesity hypertension diminishes the dual hemodynamic burden imposed on the heart and becomes therefore a major objective in the prevention and treatment of heart disease. PMID- 6239546 TI - Reproduction in XYY males: two new cases and implications for genetic counseling. AB - We present two children--one, 47,XY, + mar, and the other, 47,XY, + 21. Both fathers were found to have a 47,XYY chromosome constitution. The initial assumption was that the fathers' aneuploid conditions contributed to those of the offspring. However, the derivation of the marker chromosome could be paternal, maternal, or postzygotic, and examination of polymorphic structures of the number 21 chromosomes of the child with Down syndrome and his parents suggested maternal derivation of the supernumerary 21. To explore further the reproductive risks of an individual with the XYY constitution, previous reports of reproductive performance and testicular histology are examined as are two theories which suggest XYY males may be at an increased risk of producing aneuploid progeny. Based on these reports, recommendations are made for testing XYY males prior to genetic counseling. PMID- 6239547 TI - Risk of Down's syndrome among second- and third-degree relatives of a proband with trisomy 21. PMID- 6239548 TI - A comparative study of topical anesthesia for laparoscopic sterilization with the use of the tubal ring. AB - A study of 300 women undergoing sterilization via standard or open laparoscopy was conducted at Siriraj Hospital in Bangkok, Thailand; one aspect of the study was designed to determine whether application of topical anesthesia to the fallopian tubes reduces the degree of pain experienced by the patient. The use or nonuse of topical anesthesia was randomized for all cases. Overall, data from this study indicate that application of topical anesthesia to the fallopian tubes tends to diminish surgical pain of patients sterilized by use of either the standard laparoscopy or the open laparoscopy approach and that pain in the recovery period is also reduced for open laparoscopy patients. PMID- 6239549 TI - Eliminating barriers to the disabled. AB - Project Open House provides for the removal of architectural barriers in the homes of disabled low and moderate income New York City dwellers. This program was developed as a cooperative effort between United Cerebral Palsy of New York City, Inc., the New York City Mayor's Office for the Handicapped, and the Department of Housing Preservation and Development. Project Open House operates as follows. An occupational therapist evaluates both structure dwelling and client needs; this information is used as a basis for the prescription of structural modifications and equipment that will allow increased physical accessibility. On completion of the prescribed work, the therapist trains the individual and family in the use of the modifications. Project Open House and Family Support Services are community programs that provide a cost-effective method for improving the quality of life for disabled individuals and their families. PMID- 6239550 TI - Direct bonding of orthodontic brackets to esthetic restorative materials using a silane. AB - Along with adult orthodontics comes a concern for direct-bonding techniques with esthetic anterior restorative materials. Two such materials available today are porcelain and a heat-cured composite resin. The ability to bond orthodontic brackets to these materials was tested with a normal direct-bonding technique. In addition, silane was used to theoretically enhance the bond to porcelain and the glass component of the composite. A normal acid-etch procedure to enamel served as a comparison. Bonding equivalent to the enamel acid-etch procedure was achieved with the heat-cured composite, whether silane was used or not. Silane enhanced the bond to porcelain, but the bond might not be adequate for clinical effectiveness. PMID- 6239551 TI - Glycogen repletion in different skeletal muscles from diabetic rats. AB - It was hypothesized that chronically untreated streptozotocin-diabetic rats may compensate for the detrimental effect of insulin deficiency on glycogen restoration following muscular work. Glycogen concentration ([GLY]) was reduced by in situ stimulation of the sciatic nerve of anesthetized normal (N) and diabetic (D) Sprague-Dawley albino rats. Glycogen repletion occurred most rapidly within 30 min after stimulation. By 2 h all N muscles returned to basal [GLY]. D muscles repleted glycogen at a rate 45-75% of normal and not all of the D muscle returned to basal [GLY] by 8 h poststimulation. Neither the partial reduction in diabetic hyperglycemia by using phlorizin nor the acute further lowering of diabetic hypoinsulinemia by using insulin antibody affected glycogen restoration in D muscles. Acute insulin replenishment resulted in restoration of normal [GLY] in D muscles within 2 h poststimulation. These findings are not consistent with the proposed hypothesis and indicate insulin is necessary to have normal rates of glycogen restoration following muscular activity. PMID- 6239552 TI - A technique for monitoring blood flow changes with miniaturized Doppler flow probes. AB - A method for constructing miniaturized Doppler blood flow probes is presented. Since these probes weigh less than 100 mg and have crystal heads less than 0.5 mm in size, they are suitable for chronic placement on vessels as small as 200 micron. The probes are positioned under the vessel and rotated to optimize the Doppler signal. While held in that position, the crystal head is attached to the adventitia of the vessel with cyanoacrylate glue. A cuff holding the vessel and probe in the chosen position is then formed in situ by the application of a drop of silicone polymer. Data are presented showing the linearity of a flow probe response with the volume blood flow at rates as low as 14 microliter/min. With the use of the uterine artery of the conscious, unrestrained rat as an example, the probe was demonstrated to detect a dynamic change in flow. PMID- 6239554 TI - Food intake and gastric emptying in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes. AB - Recent studies suggest that the rate of nutrient transit through the upper gastrointestract may provide cues that are important to the control of food intake. We examined gastrointestinal function in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes and related these findings to concomitant changes in food intake. Control and diabetic rats were adapted to one of two isocaloric diets either high in carbohydrate or fat. Control rats ate similar amounts of each diet. In contrast, diabetic animals fed high-carbohydrate diet were hyperphagic, whereas those fed low-carbohydrate diet ate normal amounts of food. Gastric emptying, intestinal mass, disaccharidase activity, and glucose absorption were increased in normophagic diabetic rats fed a low-carbohydrate diet. Feeding diabetic rats high-carbohydrate diet potentiated each of these effects, and food intake was highly correlated with rate of gastric emptying. These and other results indicate that diabetes enhances gastric emptying and intestinal carbohydrate digestion and absorption, even in the absence of hyperphagia. Consequently, the hyperphagia of diabetic rats may be in part a behavioral response to a greatly accelerated clearance of nutrients from the upper gastrointestinal tract that occurs when these animals are fed diets rich in carbohydrate. PMID- 6239553 TI - Coordination of cardiac myofibrillar and sarcotubular activities in rats exercised by swimming. AB - We measured the functional activity of both myofibrils and fragmented sarcoplasmic reticulum (FSR) in microsomal fractions and homogenates of hearts of sedentary rats and rats exercised by swimming 75 min twice daily for 8 wk. Ca2+ transport was measured under conditions that restricted uptake of Ca2+ to the SR vesicles in the homogenates or microsomal fractions. There was a significant increase in myosin Ca2+-ATPase activity of myofibrils prepared from hearts of swimmers, indicating that a "training effect" had occurred. The mean rate of Ca2+ transport and mean storage capacity were the same for SR vesicles in the homogenates and microsomal fractions from hearts of controls and swimmers. At the same free Ca2+ concentration, the velocity of Ca2+ transport by FSR in homogenate preparations was inversely related to the myofibrillar ATPase activity in a series of preparations from hearts of swimmers, but there was little correlation between the same activities measured in preparations from a series of sedentary rats. Our results suggest that the increase in the rate of relaxation of hearts from exercised rats is not due to an increase in the rate of Ca2+ transport by the SR but may be due to other factors, which include an increase in the rate of cross-bridge cycling or an alteration in the relation and coordination between cross-bridge cycling and SR Ca2+ transport activity. PMID- 6239556 TI - Enhancement of the autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction in patients with Chagas' heart disease. AB - Autologous mixed lymphocyte reactions (AMLR) were studied in 18 individuals chronically infected with Trypanosoma cruzi. These individuals were further classified into three clinical groups: the asymptomatic indeterminate form (n = 5); the mega disease form (n = 5); and the cardiomyopathy form (n = 8). While patients with mega disease showed a normal proliferative response when compared with normal controls, the indeterminate group showed a lowered response in sharp contrast with the heart disease group, which presented a very high proliferative response to autologous non-T cells. These abnormal AMLR represent direct evidence for an immunoregulatory malfunction which may be involved in the inflammatory cardiac damage in chronic Chagas' disease. PMID- 6239557 TI - [Laser Doppler velocimetry applied to the measurement of electrophoretic mobility of suspended cells: the electrophorometer]. PMID- 6239555 TI - Differentiation of depression from chronic pain with the dexamethasone suppression test and DSM-III. AB - The concept of chronic pain has become enmeshed with depression. In an attempt to unravel this complex relationship, the authors studied a uniform group of 42 patients with chronic pain, i.e., patients who had chronic low back pain with defined organic pathology, in relation to the dexamethasone suppression test (DST). The results were analyzed in relation to the presence or absence of major depression and cortisol suppression. Forty-one percent of the patients with major depression had abnormal cortisol responses to dexamethasone administration; all patients without major depression had normal responses. These results suggest that chronic pain patients differ from patients with major depression and a positive DST. PMID- 6239558 TI - [Setting reaction of composite resins--the heat of polymerization studied by isothermal DSC measurement (2)]. PMID- 6239559 TI - Demonstration in situ of subsets of T-lymphocytes in sarcoidosis. AB - Five biopsy specimens of skin, four of lung, and one of a lymph node were taken from nine patients with sarcoidosis. Monoclonal antibodies were applied to frozen sections of the specimens by an immunoperoxidase technique to test for the presence and distribution of subsets of T-lymphocytes. T-cells expressing the suppressor/cytotoxic phenotype were found predominantly in lymphocytic mantles surrounding sarcoidal granulomas, whereas cells displaying the helper/inducer phenotype were distributed diffusely throughout granulomas. The ratio of helper to suppressor phenotypes in cutaneous sarcoidosis was 5.1 +/- 1.8. The microanatomic location of subpopulations of T-lymphocytes may be important in the pathogenesis of the granulomatous response of sarcoidosis. PMID- 6239561 TI - Comparison of atracurium and alcuronium in day-case gynaecological surgery. AB - Alcuronium and atracurium were used on a randomised basis as part of the anaesthetic technique for out-patient gynaecological laparoscopy. Conditions for intubation and relaxation were similar but there was a marked decrease in the incidence of minor postoperative sequelae in the atracurium group. PMID- 6239560 TI - [Effects of ipratropium and fenoterol on spirometric parameters]. PMID- 6239562 TI - [Hemodynamic effects in antagonism of neuromuscular blockage: atropine pyridostigmine versus ipratropium bromide-pyridostigmine]. AB - Antagonism of neuromuscular block using cholinesterase inhibitors and atropine is charged with several risks, which are at least partly caused by pharmacological characteristics of the anticholinergic drugs, e.g. short duration of action causing secondary bradycardia. Compared to atropine, ipratropium bromide, a new anticholinergic drug, is--due to its quarternary ammonium compound--characterized by longer duration of action. In contrast to atropine, this substance does not penetrate the blood-brain and placental barrier. Our present study was designed to compare the haemodynamic effects of both substances, using invasive monitoring, during antagonism of neuromuscular block with pyridostigmine. In contrast to atropine, ipratropium bromide induced a higher degree of initial tachycardia but did not allow secondary reduction of heart rate by rebound vagal stimulation. While cardiac output was almost constant, ipratropium bromide caused changes in stroke volume, which were due to alterations in heart rate. There were no clinically relevant changes of the other haemodynamic parameters. Cardiac arrhythmia were observed more often after administration of atropine and were of longer duration. In conclusion, ipratropium bromide is a useful alternative to atropine in patients with pre existing low heart rate and bradyarrhythmia. PMID- 6239563 TI - Ion chromatographic determination of nitrate and sulfate in natural waters containing humic substances. PMID- 6239564 TI - An extra-pancreatic direct effect of streptozotocin on the hypothalamo hypophyseal-testicular axis in the rat. AB - Streptozotocin induced diabetes mellitus in 4 out of 6 male rats. On the other hand, all 6 drug-injected animals had decreased serum testosterone values. The Leydig cells from 6 control rats and all streptozotocin-injected animals were characterized by moderate numbers of mitochondria, few lipid droplets, and an abundance of smooth surfaced endoplasmic reticulum. Quantitative analysis of numbers of mitochondria and lipid droplets revealed no differences between control and streptozotocin-injected animals. However, there were smaller mitochondria, larger lipid droplets and a trend toward fewer cells with dilated profiles of smooth endoplasmic reticulum in all drug injected animals. These cytological and biochemical findings suggest that diabetes per se had little direct effect on Leydig cell function. However, taken together with previous studies, these observations suggest that streptozotocin may directly affect the hypothalamo-pituitary-testicular axis possibly at the level of LHRH-secreting neurons of the hypothalamus. PMID- 6239565 TI - Scanning electron microscopy of circulating primordial germ cells in the chick embryo. PMID- 6239566 TI - Morphological aspects of prenatal haematopoietic development in the cat. PMID- 6239567 TI - Growth gradients in the skeleton of cattle, sheep and pigs. PMID- 6239568 TI - [Differentiation of synovial tissue to fibrocartilage as exemplified by the suprapatellar cartilage of the rabbit]. PMID- 6239569 TI - [Behavior of palatine tissue during abnormal palatogenesis in the mouse (Mus musculus)]. PMID- 6239570 TI - [Comparative study of embryonal development in 2 oviparous and 1 ovoviviparous species (Gallus gallus, Coturnix c. japonica and Liolaemus tenuis t.)]. PMID- 6239571 TI - Comparison of fentanyl, sufentanil, and alfentanil anesthesia in patients undergoing valvular heart surgery. AB - The hemodynamic responses to anesthesia and surgery were studied in three groups of 20 patients undergoing valve replacement surgery. Anesthesia was induced with either fentanyl (75 micrograms/kg), sufentanil (15 micrograms/kg), or alfentanil (125 micrograms/kg). Pancuronium (8 mg) was given for muscle relaxation and the lungs were ventilated with oxygen/air (FIO2 = 0.5). Additional fentanyl (25 micrograms/kg) or sufentanil (5 micrograms/kg) was given before skin incision. Patients receiving alfentanil were given a continuous infusion at a rate of 0.5 mg X kg-1 X hr-1. Only mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) and systemic vascular resistance (SVR) changed significantly in response to anesthesia or surgery. MABP decreased on average 24.5 mm Hg (P less than 0.01) after induction of anesthesia with sufentanil in patients with mitral valve disease. MABP and SVR increased significantly (P less than 0.01) in patients with aortic valve disease receiving fentanyl. There were no other statistically significant changes within the groups. Four patients (two in the sufentanil group and one from each of the other groups) developed transient hypotension during induction of anesthesia. It is concluded that all three opioids can provide satisfactory anesthesia for patients having valve replacement surgery. PMID- 6239572 TI - Anesthetic considerations at moderate altitude. AB - The influence that changes in altitude may have on various aspects of anesthetic practice are discussed. The consequences of alterations in the partial pressure and density of anesthetic gases are described, as well as the problems that may arise as a result of using measuring devices calibrated in percentages that actually measure partial pressure. The performance of vaporizers under conditions of reduced barometric pressure is considered. The behavior of flowmeters at altitude was studied. The increase in flow produced by flowmeters under hypobaric conditions is not a constant factor dependent on density, but is variable at flow rates below 4 L/min. The following suggestions are put forward. Anesthetists should be encouraged to think in terms of the partial pressures of gases that they are using rather than concentrations. Measuring devices and vaporizers that are dependent on partial pressure and not on concentration should be calibrated in the appropriate units. The term MAC could be replaced by MAPP, which would more accurately represent the important factor in the delivery of anesthetic gases. The value of nitrous oxide in anesthetic practice at altitude needs to be reassessed. PMID- 6239573 TI - Mass spectrometry and the inspiratory-to-expiratory ratio. PMID- 6239575 TI - Flow through the copper kettle flowmeter. PMID- 6239574 TI - The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of atracurium in patients with and without renal failure. AB - To determine the influence of renal function on the pharmacology of atracurium, 10 patients with normal renal function and 10 with renal failure (scheduled for cadaver kidney transplant) were anesthetized with nitrous oxide and halothane. Atracurium besylate, 0.5 mg . kg-1, was given as an iv bolus and plasma samples were collected over a 4-h period. These samples were assayed for atracurium (all patients) and laudanosine, one of the principal metabolites (eight of the normal group), using an ion-exchange liquid chromatographic assay. The plasma concentrations of atracurium for each patient were fitted to a two-compartment pharmacokinetic model. The onset time, duration of action, and recovery time of atracurium neuromuscular blockade were measured. There were no differences found in the pharmacokinetics or pharmaco-dynamics of atracurium between patients with normal renal function and those with renal failure. There were measurable levels of laudanosine following atracurium administration with peak levels of 199 +/- 31 ng . ml-1 at 2 min. The authors conclude that the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of atracurium are not altered by renal failure. PMID- 6239576 TI - Interaction of mucosal immune system and infections in infancy: implications in allergy. AB - The immune responses to viral antigens and other environmental agents to which the mucosal surfaces of the neonate are exposed during the perinatal period and early infancy are intimately related to the mechanism of innate immunologic reactivity of the mother-and, possibly, to the immunologic elements in the products of lactation for a breast-feeding infant-and the nutritional homeostasis of the neonate. The role of these factors in protecting against pathogenicity of viral infections in the respiratory and intestinal tract, and their impact on the development of allergic disease state in childhood will be reviewed. PMID- 6239577 TI - Respiratory diseases and food allergy. AB - Both upper and lower respiratory tracts can be affected by food allergy. Manifestations in either may be exclusively due to food allergy (common in infants) or may result from the combined effects of food allergy plus another defect such as gastroesophageal reflux, a congenital defect of the heart or tracheo-bronchial tree, an immunodeficiency syndrome such as isolated IgA or IgG4 deficiency, or a concomitant inhalant allergy. Chronic rhinitis is the most common respiratory tract manifestation of food allergy. When it occurs in conjunction with lung disease, it may be a helpful indicator of activity of the allergic lung disease and of the patient's compliance in following a specific diet. Recurrent serous otitis media may be solely or partially due to food allergy. Large tonsillar and adenoid tissues, sometimes with upper airway obstruction, may be caused, or aggravated by, food allergies. Lower respiratory tract disease manifested by chronic coughing, wheezing, pulmonary infiltrates, or alveolar bleeding may also occur. Lower respiratory tract involvement is generally associated with a greater delay in onset of symptoms and with a larger quantity of allergen ingestion than chronic rhinitis. Food allergy should be considered when there is a history of prior intolerance to a food in childhood or of symptoms beginning soon after a particular food was introduced into the diet. It is an important consideration in patients who have chronic respiratory tract disease which does not respond adequately to the usual therapeutic measures and is otherwise unexplained.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6239578 TI - The assessment of skin blood flow in peripheral vascular disease by laser Doppler velocimetry. AB - The helium-neon laser Doppler (LD) is designed to measure skin blood flow velocity (SBFV). Flow velocity and pulse wave amplitude are expressed in millivolts (mv) relative to a zero-flow reference. The authors have reviewed their initial experience in ten persons (20 limbs) without peripheral vascular disease (PVD, group I) and nine patients (12 limbs) with severe PVD (group II). The finger, palm, great toe, and forehead had a significantly (P less than 0.05) greater flow velocity than the plantar and dorsal foot, distal and proximal leg, thigh, chest, arm, and forearm. Baseline and hyperemic SBFV, measured at the great toe, were compared in groups I and II. In group I, the baseline SBFV (mv, mean +/- standard error of the mean (SEM] in the great toe was 197 +/- 38 compared with 67 +/- 12 in group-II patients (P less than 0.05). The pulse wave amplitude (mv, mean +/- SEM) was 77 +/- 14 in group I and 5.4 +/- 1.1 in group II (P less than 0.05). The time to maximal hyperemic response (seconds, mean +/- SEM) in group I was 18 +/- 1.5 compared with 150 +/- 14 in group II (P less than 0.05). LD is a sensitive indicator of changes in SBFV, allowing differentiation between normal persons and patients with PVD. The LD tracing in patients with PVD is characterized by a baseline SBFV that is significantly less than normal and also by the attenuation or absence of pulse waves. The diagnostic accuracy is enhanced by the use of reactive hyperemia. PMID- 6239579 TI - [Advances in the diagnosis of nutritional status: the importance of hypozincemia]. PMID- 6239580 TI - [Anatomo-clinical conference. Hopital de la Pitie-Salpetriere. Case no. 4 - 1984. Major pulmonary arterial hypertension in a 40 year-old woman]. PMID- 6239581 TI - [New bacteriophages of Staphylococcus epidermidis: evaluation of their epidemiological value]. AB - Coagulase-negative staphylococci, and in particular Staphylococcus epidermidis, are now being recognized as causing human infections with increasing frequency; the absence of an internationally accepted system of phage-typing for coagulase negative staphylococci led us to isolate new phages. Fifty strains of S. epidermidis isolated from human infections were induced with mitomycin C: eight phages (41, 63, 118-II, 138, 245, 336, 392 and 550) were isolated. These phages were propagated on five different strains of S. epidermidis. Their phages were propagated on five different strains of S. epidermidis. Their lytic activity as studied on 561 strains. Phages 336, 392 and 550 had a different host-range and different propagative strains; they typed 93% of the strains susceptible to the 8 phages. The other phages had an activity similar to that of phage 336. Twenty-one per cent of non-epidemic strains were susceptible to at least one of the three phages. The reproducibility, specificity and discriminatory power of these phages suggest they may be a useful addition to previously recognized phages. PMID- 6239582 TI - [Emergency myocardial revascularization. Apropos of 30 cases]. PMID- 6239583 TI - [Peroperative coronary angioplasty. A new technical possibility]. PMID- 6239585 TI - [Correlation between the mass and diameter of the left ventricle. Physiologic and physiopathologic consequences]. AB - 109 echocardiograms were recorded in 109 subjects, consisting of 51 hypertensive patients and 58 normal subjects, in order to study the correlation between hypertrophy and dilatation. The correlation between the left ventricular mass (LVM) and the end-diastolic left ventricular diameter (Dd) is highly significant (r = 0.72; p less than 0.001). This relation follows a sigmoid curve with two asymptotes for y (LVM) = 0 and y = M (M : estimated upper limit of the reaction of the left ventricle to hypertrophy, expressed in g) with the following formula: (Formula: see text). This relation reflects the adaptation of the LVM to a defined end-diastolic volume in physiological and pathological situations. This adaptation tends to maintain the stress exerted on the left ventricular wall at a constant value. On the basis of this relation, we can define three types of response of the LVM to the diameter: adequate hypertrophy follows the relation in normal limits (+/- 2 SD); inadequate hypertrophy, where the LVM is insufficient in relation to the Dd and inappropriate hypertrophy, where the LVM is exaggerated. Most of the subjects were distributed along the curve, below the point of inflection (corresponding to a Dd of 6.25 cm). Only a few hypertensive subjects were found above this point. The presence of inadequate hypertrophy seems to imply an intrinsic disease of the myocardium which limits normal regulation. Finally, if the stimulus responsible for hypertrophy is removed, the reaction should be reversible, at least to a certain degree. PMID- 6239586 TI - [Echocardiographic study of the left ventricular mass-dilatation ratio in hypertensive disease]. AB - The object of this work is the exhaustive interpretation of 52 echocardiograms of hypertensive African subjects. The following parameters were measured on the echocardiogram: Dd (left ventricular end diastolic dimension), Ds (left ventricular end systolic dimension), DSd (interventricular end diastolic dimension), DEd (left ventricular posterior wall end diastolic thickness). Left ventricular performance was evaluated with the calculated Vcf, FR (fractional shortening) and EF (ejection fraction). A ratio "R" was estimated as he ratio of the left ventricular mass (MVG) measured with Bennett's formula: [(Dsd + DEd + Dd)3-Dd3] x 1,05] to the left ventricular end diastolic dimension. A carotid pulse and phonocardiogram were simultaneously recorded and systolic time intervals were measured and corrected for heart rate, using regression equations corresponding to African subjects. The analysis of the "R" ratio has led us to put forward a new concept of the progression of the hypertensive cardiomyopathy. It has been shown, in this study, that the hypertensive heart becomes hypertrophic, even under treatment and after return of blood pressure to normal. It appears that hypertrophy is a reaction tending to keep normal or almost normal the telediastolic left ventricular dimension and consequently to prevent left ventricular dilatation. This can be explained by the tendency of myocardial hypertrophy to reduce wall stress and oxygen consumption. The analysis of the correlation between MVG and Dd (good), TAM (mean arterial blood pressure) and Dd (poor) and TAM and MVG (nil) has les us to the conclusion that the stimulus to hypertrophy lies in the left ventricular dilatation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6239584 TI - [A possible alternative in failure of percutaneous intracoronary fibrinolysis: percutaneous endoluminal dilatation]. AB - The authors report three cases of myocardial infarction in which an attempt at intra-coronary fibrinolysis in the acute phase was either transiently effective or totally ineffective. In these three cases, percutaneous endoluminal dilatation was possible allowing restoration of correct coronary flow. The place of percutaneous angioplasty is therefore discussed either immediately after fibrinolysis, when the risk of re-thrombosis appears to be greatest or perhaps in the absence of an attempt at clot lysis, when fibrinolytic treatment is contra indicated. PMID- 6239587 TI - Fibrinolysis--a review. AB - The function of fibrinolysis is to dissolve fibrin clots. The agent of fibrinolysis is plasmin, a glycoprotein with gram molecular weight (GMW) of 90,000. Under natural conditions, plasminogen is converted to plasmin by tissue plasminogen activator (TPA). Activation occurs on the fibrin surface, thus confining proteolytic activity to the appropriate site. Tissue plasminogen activator, produced by monoclonal methods, has recently been made available for limited therapeutic use. Currently streptokinase and urokinase are widely used therapeutically to activate plasminogen. These agents cause plasmin to be formed which is free in the circulation as well as bound to fibrin, resulting in proteolysis of circulating plasminogen and clotting factors. Fibrinolytic therapy has proven to be more beneficial than anticoagulation alone for deep vein thrombi and for pulmonary emboli. During therapy, laboratory studies demonstrate reduced concentrations of plasminogen, fibrinogen, and of alpha-2 plasmin inhibitor, and prolongation of activated partial thromboplastin time and thrombin time. Laboratory findings must be correlated with the clinical course. Demonstration of circulating plasmin-antiplasmin complex may be a useful indicator of active fibrinolysis. PMID- 6239588 TI - Case report: clinical pathological correlations in a case of primary parathyroid carcinoma. AB - Carcinoma of parathyroid accounts for one to two percent of patients with primary hyperparathyroidism. A patient admitted to our medical center gave us the opportunity to follow the course of the clinical laboratory findings and the effect of treatment modalities on these laboratory measurements. The clinical course included hypercalcemia, hypophosphatemia, pancreatitis, consumptive coagulopathy, pancytopenia, and sepsis. As vitamin D3 plays and important role in calcium homeostasis, 1,25-(OH)2- vitamin D3 was measured at several points during the clinical course. These finding may serve to help understand some of the underlying control mechanisms involved in the hypercalcemic state. PMID- 6239589 TI - [Measurement of sulfoconjugates of 5-androsten-3 beta, 17 beta-diol in idiopathic hirsute virilism]. AB - The sulphoconjugates of delta 5-C19O2 steroids were determined in 32 women with idiopathic hirsutism (IH). The plasma and urinary levels of 5-androsten-3 beta, 17 beta-diol (delta 5, 3 beta-diol) were 82 +/- 24 ng/ml and 169 +/- 170 micrograms/24 h respectively for the monosulphate ester and 193 +/- 101 ng/ml and 180 +/- 108 micrograms/24 h for the disulphate ester. These levels are statistically higher (p less than 0,001) as compared with the levels observed in women without IH (30 +/- 20 ng/ml and 23 +/- 13 micrograms/24 h for the monosulphate, 78 +/- 40 ng/ml and 48,0 +/- 23,7 micrograms/24 h for the disulphate). There is a correlation between the urinary levels of the monosulphate of delta 5, 3 beta-diol (y) and of the dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (S-DHA) (x) : y (microgram/24 h) = 0,124x + 16,8; r = 0,93 (p less than 0,01) and n = 32. The plasma levels of S-DHA ranged form 1,250 ng/ml to 7,000 ng/ml in the abnormal population and from 1,000 ng/ml to 2,400 ng/ml in the normal population. A concomitant determination of plasma free androgens showed that 60 % of the dehydroepiandrosterone values were above the upper limits of normal values. Conversely, the testosterone and androstenedione levels were only higher in 20 % and 27 % of cases respectively. These results suggest that the possible importance of the sulphoconjugates of delta 5-C19O2 steroids in the IH pathogeny should not be overlooked. PMID- 6239590 TI - [Partial trisomy for the segment 21(q11----qter) resulting from a de novo translocation between chromosomes 5 and 21]. AB - A 3 1/2-year-old boy is described whose Down syndrome resulted from partial 21 trisomy through unbalanced de novo translocation between the long arm of chromosome 21 and the short arm end of a No. 5: 46,XY,t(5;21)(p15;q11). This case is discussed and compared with 17 others collected from the literature, some of which derived from a maternal balanced translocation. PMID- 6239592 TI - Cost-effectiveness analysis in clinical practice. Is a truce possible? PMID- 6239591 TI - Treatment of primary acute genital herpes in guinea pigs by intraperitoneal administration of fluoropyrimidines. AB - FIAC [1-(2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl)-5-iodocytosine], FIAU [1-(2' deoxy-2'-fluoro-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl)-5-iodouracil], and FMAU [1-(2'-deoxy-2' fluoro-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl)-5-methyluracil] were evaluated for their efficacies in the treatment of genital infections with herpes simplex virus type 2 in guinea pigs. Intraperitoneal administration of these drugs in daily doses of 100 mg/kg of body weight initiated 24 h after virus inoculation and repeated 2 successive days thereafter inhibited development of genital lesions and reduced shedding of virus without evoking untoward reactions. In a comparative study with this 3-day dosage schedule, the efficacy of daily doses of 50 mg of FMAU per kg was greater than that of the same doses of FIAC and FIAU, in that order; all these were more effective than daily doses of 50, 100, or 200 mg of acyclovir or of 500 mg of phosphonoformic acid per kg. These differences in efficacy were enhanced when treatment was delayed for 2 to 3 days after inoculation. PMID- 6239593 TI - Topical v systemic agent treatment for papulopustular acne. A cost-effectiveness analysis. AB - We used cost-effectiveness analysis to compare the costs, risks, and benefits of two strategies for clearing papulopustular acne; topical therapy alone as initial therapy or a combination of systemic antibiotics and topical agents used at the first visit. Patients treated with combination therapy had fewer weeks of morbidity from acne, and lower dollar costs but have a greater risk of side effects. If the topical therapy alone was chosen to reduce the risk of side effects in a population of patients there would be an additional $764 in costs and 238 weeks of morbidity from acne to avert a single additional instance of side effects. Initial treatment of papulopustular acne with combined oral antibiotics and topical agents thus seems to be cost-effective. After clearing is achieved, maintenance therapy with topical agents should be considered. PMID- 6239595 TI - The surgical treatment of pseudocoarctation: a case report. PMID- 6239594 TI - Changes in relative fatty acid composition of serum lecithin and cholesterol ester after treatment with two gonane progestins administered alone and in combination with ethinyl estradiol. AB - Twenty women, oophorectomized as part of treatment for cervical carcinoma of the cervix participated in the study. Ten of them were given desogestrel (DG) 150 micrograms/day for 3 weeks followed by DG + 30 micrograms ethinyl estradiol (EE) for 6 weeks, and finally EE alone for 3 weeks. The other 10 women were given 150 micrograms levonorgestrel (NORG) and EE in a similar way. Before treatment and after each period of treatment the relative fatty acid composition of serum lecithin and serum cholesterol ester were assessed by gas-liquid chromatography. In both groups ethinyl estradiol, when administered alone, increased arachidonic acid in serum lecithin. This increase was not observed on the DG + EE or the NORG + EE combination indicating that both progestins counteracted this estrogenic effect. PMID- 6239596 TI - [Good use of coronary transluminal angioplasty in 1984]. PMID- 6239598 TI - [Coronary angioplasty immediately after intracoronary thrombolysis during the acute phase of myocardial infarction]. AB - Since the introduction of intracoronary thrombolysis in the acute phase of myocardial infarction, all workers have observed a high incidence of coronary reocclusion (about 20%) essentially in the first hours and days after coronary recanalisation (CR). This had led to some groups carrying out transluminal coronary angioplasty (TCA) at the same time as CR by thrombolysis in situ to treat significant residual postthrombolysis stenosis. This french multicentre study carried out in 5 centres concerned 9 men (average age: 46.1 years) with 5 anterior infarcts (total thrombosis of the LAD artery) and 4 inferior infarcts (total thrombosis of the right coronary artery-RCA). Intracoronary trinitrate was ineffective in relieving the occlusion in all cases. In 5 cases, the thrombolytic protocol was streptokinase (SK) 3 000 u/min for 60 minutes; in the other 4 cases, the plasminogen-urokinase (Pg-UK) protocol was used. Thrombolysis was successful in all 9 cases. The results of TCA performed at the same time were also good (8/9 successes; 4 LAD and 4 RCA) without any complications during the procedure. There was only one immediate post-TCA reocclusion on a LAD artery. In all cases the initial ECG appearances of infarction remained, CR only appearing to prevent extension of the necrosis. The successful results of CR + TCA were maintained in 6 out of 7 patients reinvestigated 2 days to 6 months (average 6 months) after the initial procedure: the only case of reocclusion occurred after 48 hours on a RCA. The overall procedure never exceeded 2 hours. PMID- 6239597 TI - [Course of the results observed in the 1st 100 coronary angioplasties performed in 96 patients. Experience in Lyons]. AB - TCA is an original method of myocardial revascularisation which, when successful, enables coronary bypass surgery to be avoided. However, a certain number of failures and complications are inherent to the development of a new therapeutic technique. The object of this study is to analyse the evolution of our results with this technique to determine which factors changed as our experience increased. The methodology used was that initially described by A. Gruntzig. TCA was carried out 72 times on the left anterior descending, 20 times on the right coronary and 8 on the left circumflex coronary artery (72 single vessel, 28 multivessel disease). The primary success rate was 75% (72% for the first 50 and 78% for the second 50 procedures). Coronary bypass surgery was required within the first 24 hours of TCA in 7% of cases. Myocardial infarction (Q wave changes) was observed in 5% of cases. One patient died on the third day (occlusion of an aorto-coronary venous graft). In retrospect, taking into account the experience gained and the development of the material now available, a certain number of failures and complications could probably have been avoided. However, a certain number of complications seems to be unavoidable. TCA remains an inviting but not infallible alternative in the treatment of coronary artery disease and should be included in the medico-surgical management of this condition. PMID- 6239599 TI - [Platelet function and coronary disease: demonstration of a so-called unstable platelet syndrome]. AB - Radio-immunological assay of specific platelet substances in the serum allows assessment of in vivo platelet function at a given moment. Plasma levels of beta thromboglobulin (beta TG) platelet factor 4 (PF4) and thromboxane B2 (TXB2) were measured at rest and during exercise stress testing in 39 patients with known coronary artery disease with stable effort angina. The patients were divided into two groups according to the results of exercise ECG and thallium 201 myocardial scintigraphy: ischaemic (n = 28) and non-ischaemic (n = 11). Resting and exercise levels of the three platelet substances were compared with a group of normal controls (n = 14). The average control values at rest and on exercise were, respectively: PF4: 8.5 +/- 5 and 22 +/- 14 ng/ml; beta TG: 36 +/- 17 and 68 +/- 36 ng/ml and TXB2: 112 +/- 41 and 201 +/- 81 pg/ml. The average values of the non ischaemic patients did not differ significantly, either at rest or during exercise. The variation of pathological values was higher in the ischaemic group. This seems to reflect the absence of univocal platelet behaviour and does not allow statistical comparison of mean values. Our results suggest the existence of an "unstable platelet syndrome", which seems to be associated with poor effort tolerance especially when present under resting conditions. There would seem to be a causal relationship between platelet instability and myocardial ischaemia, which would justify anti-platelet aggregation therapy in primary and secondary prophylaxis of myocardial infarction. PMID- 6239600 TI - [Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty in chronic arteriopathies of the lower limbs. Immediate anatomo-radiological results and functional outcome]. AB - The immediate anatomo-radiological results and functional outcome of a continuous series of 100 percutaneous transluminal angioplasties (PTA) in patients with chronic obliterative arterial disease of the lower limbs are reported. In 8 out of 10 cases, the patients had no previous surgical history. The iliac axis was more commonly affected than the infracrural arteries (57% compared to 43%). The indication of choice was the Leriche stage II (73%). The arterial lesion was responsible for the ischaemic pathology in 2 out of 3 cases. There was a higher incidence of preocclusive lesions (46%) than thromboses to be recanalised (23%) or significant stenoses (23%). The anatomo-radiological results were satisfactory in 80% of cases: a normal calibre was restored in 31% and stenosis was reduced to non-significant levels in 49% of cases. The morbidity associated with this technique was 7%: inability to dilate or thrombosis of the vessel. In 7 cases, failure was due to inability to pass the catheter across the stenotic lesion. Complementary surgical treatment was carried out on "accessory" arterial lesions in 33 cases; 32 sympathectomies for distal lower limb lesions and I femoro popliteal bypass after iliac PTA. A total of 86.6% of PTA were followed up for an average of 22 months; 72% were totally asymptomatic; 21 were classified as stage II with improvement of their walking limits. The 3 year success rate was 0.92 +/- 0.1. Arterial surgery was necessary in 5.6% of cases for persistent severe intermittent claudication.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6239601 TI - [A case of an adult triatrial heart, associated with partial abnormal venous return from the left lung]. AB - The authors underline the value of echocardiography in the diagnosis and postoperative management of a case of cor triatrium. The patient was a 22 year old male who presented with dyspnoea of effort (stage III of the NYHA classification) and clinical signs of an infundibulo-pulmonary syndrome with tricuspid regurgitation. Chest X-ray revealed cardiomegaly (CTI = 61%) and filling-in of the aorto-pulmonary window. The electrocardiogram showed left atrial and right ventricular hypertrophy. The echocardiogram, the key to diagnosis, showed an abnormal echogenic structure within the left atrium. Cardiac catheterisation demonstrated pulmonary hypertension and a difference of pressure between the two lungs. The membrane dividing the left atrium and partial anomalous pulmonary venous drainage from the left lung into the superior vena cava were visualised on late stage pulmonary angiography. Surgical excision of the membrane in the left atrium and ligation of the anomalous venous drainage provided a radical cure to all these malformations. PMID- 6239602 TI - [Hung-up reflexes in Huntington disease. Study of a minor sign]. PMID- 6239603 TI - [Outcome of 404 premature infants born before 32 weeks of gestation in 1978 1980]. AB - The outcome of 404 prematures born before 32 weeks of gestation and admitted on the first day of life to the Institut de Puericulture (IP) in 1978-1980 was studied with respect to post-menstrual age and birth weight: 83 (20,5%) died during the hospitalization. Of the 321 still alive after the neonatal hospitalization, 71% were followed until at least 2 years of age; 3,1% died unexpectedly at home. There was a 8% handicap rate (9 with cerebral palsy and 9 with psychomotor deficiency) in the survivors. The problems of the children without handicap consisted mostly of strabismus and psychosocial disturbances. Thus, on admission to the IP on the first day of life during 1978-1980, according to gestational age (a) less than 28 weeks, (b) between 28 and 29 weeks 6 days (c) between 30 and 31 weeks 6 days, a premature presented the following risks: death during hospitalization: (a) 47%, (b) 20% and (c) 15%; death at home (b) 5%, (c) 1%; handicap (a) 3%, (b) 10%, (c) 5%; normal survival (a) 47%, (b) 63%, (c) 75%. This study shows the value of gestational age in estimating the outcome of prematures and the utility of analysing the results according to the 2 variables of gestational age and birth weight. PMID- 6239604 TI - Circulating Sezary cells. A new preparatory method for their identification and enumeration. AB - Although Sezary cells are not specific for the Sezary syndrome, the enumeration of these circulating abnormal lymphoid cells is important in the evaluation of patients with mycosis fungoides, Sezary syndrome, and benign dermatoses that might be confused with these entities. Various techniques have been developed for this purpose, but none of the techniques have been widely accepted as practical and accurate. We describe a new method of preparing blood specimens for the identification and enumeration of circulating Sezary cells. Peripheral blood was separated on a density gradient and the mononuclear cell fraction was embedded in plastic. Semithin sections were cut, stained for alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase, and examined by light microscopy. We found that the percentage of Sezary cells correlated well with the clinical diagnosis of Sezary syndrome in the subjects who were studied. PMID- 6239606 TI - Trainee attitudes toward disabled persons: effect of a special physical education program. AB - The effects of a university level training program in Special Physical Education on trainee attitudes toward disabled individuals were studied for the period of an academic year under three conditions: Information only (I group), Contact only (C group) and Information plus Contact (IC group). Complete pretest and posttest data on the Siller General Factor Disability Scale (DFS-G) were collected from a combined sample of 81 men and women subjects aged from 18-45+ years. Descriptive analyses revealed significant interactions between specific dimensions of the DFS G and variables such as age, previous experience with disabled persons and educational status. Analyses of variance failed to uncover statistically significant posttest differences among the groups. Of the individual training conditions, IC impacted most positively on within-group attitude change. More unexpected was the significant pretest to posttest attitude score gains of the I group on four of the seven subscales, superior to those of the C group. Whereas attitude measurements do not establish discrete positive-negative parameters, it is unclear whether some attitude dimensions tend to plateau at positive levels or are inherently more implacable. PMID- 6239605 TI - Femoral head vitality at reoperation for femoral neck fracture complications. AB - In seven patients suffering redisplacement, nonunion or segmental collapse after nailing of femoral neck fractures, subsequent changes in the vitality of the femoral head were studied with tetracycline labeling and 99mTc-MDP scintimetry. At reoperation (total hip arthroplasty), the femoral heads were extracted and sawn into slices which were then analyzed. Vitality before nailing was totally lacking (tetracycline labeling) in one case (nonunion), and in the remaining cases moderate reduction was seen, most pronounced in the apical part of the head. In all cases, scintimetry 1-2 weeks after nailing showed reduced femoral head uptake of 99mTc-MDP, but scintimetry some hours before reoperation showed increased femoral head uptake. Isotope analysis of the slices from the extracted femoral heads showed marked reduction of uptake in the apical part of the head, moderate reduction in the distal and anterior parts, and satisfactory uptake in the posterior part of the head and the foveal region, though with individual variations. It was concluded that there is a genuine increase in uptake (revascularization) later in the course in postoperatively avascular heads, and that the apical part of the femoral head sustains the most pronounced vascular damage in femoral neck fracture and is probably the slowest to revascularize. PMID- 6239607 TI - Telephone communication system for handicapped individuals. AB - Simple low-cost telephone systems for independent use by individuals with limited upper extremity function are described. The systems can be easily assembled from readily available telephone components. Communication is accomplished through a telephone amplifier and uses operator-assisted dialing. Use requires the manipulation of only two switches. One switch connects the amplifier to the phone line; the other dials the operator. "Dial (0)" telephone systems, costing less than $100, are readily affordable for many handicapped individuals. PMID- 6239608 TI - [Immunomorphology of drug allergy]. AB - Forty-eight autopsy cases of drug allergy were analysed. Heterogeneity of the immunopathomorphologic manifestations was established. The allergy reactions were classified into types I, II, III and IV according to Gell and Coombs. A change or a combination of the humoral and cellular mechanisms of the immunological reactions are not infrequent, this having a clear morphological basis. This is proved by immunoglobulins of different classes, complement components, and a set of mediators revealed in tissues by the immunofluorescence technique. Morphological criteria of drug allergy reactions are presented. Pathologic diagnosis should be made on the basis of a complex analysis of the clinical symptoms and immunomorphological data. PMID- 6239609 TI - [Pulmonary valvuloplasty with the balloon catheter. An alternative in the treatment of pulmonary valve stenosis]. PMID- 6239610 TI - [New presentation of frontal plane derivations in the electrocardiogram]. PMID- 6239611 TI - Tactual perception of speech-like stimuli with an electrocutaneous vocoder. AB - A deficiency in current tactual vocoder designs is the relatively poor transmission of rapid spectral changes (formant transitions). To understand better the application of electrocutaneous tactual stimulation as a basis for an artificial hearing system, the tactual discrimination of rapidly changing patterns was studied. Stimuli were presented on a belt containing 32 electrodes that was worn in a linear array 5 cm above the navel. Bipolar pulse trains (height 10 mA; width 13 microseconds) of specified frequencies (200, 400, or 1,000 Hz) were presented sequentially to adjacent electrodes to simulate a tactual vocoder equivalent of simple frequency transitions. Discrimination of the direction of stimulation movement (i.e., stimulation on the belt to either a subject's left or right) was assessed with one experienced subject as a function of both electrode number (four or eight electrodes) and stimulation frequency. Identification of the direction of stimulation movement was influenced both by the number of stimulus channels and by the frequency of electrocutaneous stimulation. These preliminary results indicate that the discrimination of formant trajectory transmitted in an electrocutaneous vocoder scheme is within the temporal limits typically imposed by natural speech. PMID- 6239612 TI - Electromyographic study of the cat's diaphragm during oesophageal distension. AB - In 10 cats, under acute experimental conditions, the effects of distension of the oesophagus on diaphragmatic activity were studied. Bipolar recording electrodes were implanted in the diaphragmatic dome muscular fibres and crura muscular fibres. Electrodes similar to those in the diaphragm were inserted in the oesophageal muscular wall above the hiatus and in the rectus abdominis muscle. Changes in the intrathoracic pressure and blood pressure were recorded by catheters placed in the pleural cavity and carotid artery respectively. Distension of the lower part of the thoracic oesophagus (at the level between the heart and the hiatus, 5 to 7 cm from the hiatus) by inflating a balloon with 10 to 15 ml of air produced a partial or total inhibition of the inspiratory electrical activity of the inner hiatal muscular fibres, while the inspiratory electrical activity of the dome muscular fibres was generally unchanged. This inhibition was increasingly pronounced as the distension volume increased and as the balloon was positioned nearer to the hiatus. During the distension period, only electrocardiographic potentials were recorded on the oesophageal muscular wall and rectus abdominis muscle traces and no significant changes were observed from intrathoracic pressure or blood pressure channels. Distension by means of a balloon either inflated with up to 5 ml of air when placed 5 to 7 cm cranial to the hiatus or inflated with 15 ml of air when localised in the cervical oesophagus and intrahiatally produced no effect. All areas of the diaphragm were silent during expiration. PMID- 6239613 TI - CMA-1284: the world's first "invisible precision attachment designed to maintain cranial motion. PMID- 6239614 TI - A unified theory for chiropractic. PMID- 6239615 TI - A procedure for the rapid isolation from rat liver of plasma membrane vesicles exhibiting Ca2+-transport and Ca2+-ATPase activities. AB - A technique is described for the isolation of a plasma membrane-enriched preparation from a rat liver post-mitochondrial fraction by using discontinuous Percoll density-gradient centrifugation. The procedure is simple, of high reproducibility and yield and requires a total isolation time of only 90 min. The preparation consists almost exclusively of membrane vesicles and is enriched approx. 26-fold in plasma membrane-localized enzymes with minor contamination (less than 10%) with membranes derived mainly from the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus. Approx. 20% of the fraction comprises tightly-sealed vesicles in the inverted orientation which are capable of accumulating calcium ions and exhibiting vanadate-insensitive Ca2+-ATPase activity. The properties of these activities, including insensitivity to vanadate, oxalate, and to p chloromercuribenzoate as well as a lack of requirement for added Mg2+, contrast markedly with the reported properties of Ca2+ transport by the endoplasmic reticulum isolated from rat liver. The technique may have wide application in the study of plasma membrane-associated activities in rat liver, particularly in relation to sinusoidal membrane surface-related events. PMID- 6239616 TI - Loss of protection by nucleotides against proteolysis and thiol modification in the isolated alpha-subunit from F1 ATPase of Escherichia coli mutant uncA401. AB - Binding of nucleotides to the high-affinity site of the isolated alpha subunit of normal Escherichia coli F1 adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) results in partial protection against digestion by trypsin [Senda, Kanazawa, Tsuchiya & Futai (1983) Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 220, 398-440]. In contrast, the isolated alpha subunit from the defective ATPase of the E. coli uncA401 mutant (strain AN120) is cleaved by trypsin to peptides of less than 8000 Da in the presence of ADP or ATP (2.5 microM-110 mM). The nucleotide-dependent accessibility of thiol groups of the isolated alpha subunit was also studied. Two out of four thiol groups of the alpha subunit from normal ATPase are labelled by fluorescent maleimides or iodoacetates, but in the presence of ADP or ATP (0.14-1.2 mM), reaction of thiol groups with these labels is almost absent. Mutant alpha subunit, however, is labelled by these reagents at all four thiol groups in the presence or absence of ADP or ATP (1 mM). These results suggest that the mutation in the ATPase of strain AN120 leads either to the loss of the high-affinity nucleotide-binding site or affects transmission of allosteric changes that occur on binding of nucleotide to the isolated alpha subunit. PMID- 6239619 TI - Subunit interactions in human plasma fibronectin. AB - The fibronectin molecule was split chemically into its two constituent chains (mol. wt. 220,000) by mild reduction with dithiothreitol. However, physical properties (molecular weight and diffusion coefficient from light scattering, and elution in gel exclusion chromatography) remained those of intact fibronectin, except (reversibly) in the presence of denaturants which also change the conformation of non-reduced fibronectin to a more open form. Similarly, during digestion of fibronectin by plasmin to fragments of molecular weight less than 200,000, the light scattering intensity drops to roughly half in 30% glycerol but not in the absence of glycerol. These results suggest that the compact conformation of native fibronectin is stabilized by specific noncovalent contacts between constituent chains. PMID- 6239617 TI - A Ca2+-stimulated adenosine triphosphatase in Golgi-enriched membranes of lactating murine mammary tissue. AB - A membrane fraction isolated from lactating murine mammary tissue and enriched for the Golgi membrane marker enzyme galactosyltransferase exhibited Ca2+ stimulated ATPase activity (Ca-ATPase) in 20 microM-free Mg2+ and 10 microM MgATP, with an apparent Km for Ca2+ of 0.8 microM. Exogenous calmodulin did not enhance Ca2+ stimulation, nor could Ca-ATPase activities be detected in millimolar total Mg2+ and ATP. When assayed with micromolar Mg2+ and MgATP the Ca ATPases of skeletal-muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum and of calmodulin-enriched red blood cell plasma membranes were half-maximally activated by 0.1 microM- and 0.6 microM-Ca2+ respectively. All three Ca-ATPases were inhibited by similar micromolar concentrations of trifluoperazine, but the Golgi activity was unaffected by quercetin in concentrations which completely inhibited both the sarcoplasmic-reticulum and red-blood-cell enzymes. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that the high-affinity Ca-ATPase is responsible for the ATP dependent Ca2+ transport exhibited by Golgi-enriched vesicles derived from lactating mammary gland [Neville, Selker, Semple & Watters (1981) J. Membr. Biol. 61, 97-105; West (1981) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 673, 374-386]. PMID- 6239618 TI - Analysis of C3-receptor activity on human B-lymphocytes and isolation of the complement receptor type 2 (CR2). AB - The rosetting of defined C3-fragment-coated sheep erythrocytes to B-cell-enriched tonsil lymphocytes was measured. The rosetting lymphocytes were homogeneous with respect to expression of C3b, iC3b and C3d receptors. Isolation of receptors for C3 fragments from surface-radioiodinated lymphocytes by affinity chromatography on immobilized C3u, iC3b and C3d,g produced two proteins with partially overlapping specificities. A protein of 240 000 Mr, recognized by the monoclonal antibody To5 and identified as CR1 (complement receptor type 1), had affinity for C3u and iC3b. A protein of 145 000 Mr, recognized by the monoclonal antibody B2, had affinity for all three C3 fragments. Inhibition of rosetting by antibodies to these proteins indicates that CR1 is responsible for C3b-mediated rosetting and that the 145000-Mr receptor (CR2) is responsible for C3d-mediated rosetting. Partial inhibition by both anti-CR1 and anti-CR2 antibodies of iC3b-mediated rosetting indicates that both receptors are involved in iC3b-mediated rosetting. No other protein appears to be involved in tonsil B-cell rosetting to C3-fragment coated cells. A method for preparing CR2 from tonsil lymphocytes based on affinity chromatography on C3d,g-Sepharose has been developed. Forty tonsil pairs (2 X 10(10) B-cells) yield about 40 micrograms of pure protein equivalent to a purification of 6500-fold from a detergent extract. PMID- 6239620 TI - Inhibition of rat liver phosphofructokinase-2 by phosphoenolpyruvate and ADP. AB - Phosphofructokinase-2 from rat liver is inhibited by phosphoenolpyruvate and ADP. Phosphoenolpyruvate reduces the maximum activity in respect to fructose-6 phosphate and ATP but does not give rise to complete inhibition of phosphofructokinase-2. ADP increases the apparent Michaelis constant of the enzyme for ATP and leaves the maximum activity in respect to ATP unchanged. The apparent Michaelis constant for fructose-6-phosphate is not influenced by ADP. PMID- 6239623 TI - The effect of 1-deoxymannojirimycin on rat liver alpha-mannosidases. AB - The mannose analogue, 1-deoxymannojirimycin, has been tested for its effect on five alpha-mannosidase activities present in rat liver and shown to be a specific inhibitor of Golgi alpha-mannosidase I at low mumolar concentrations. Golgi alpha mannosidases I and II were assayed in a highly purified Golgi membrane preparation. Endoplasmic reticulum alpha-mannosidase activity was measured in a rough endoplasmic reticulum detergent extract. A purified soluble alpha mannosidase activity which we believe is derived from the endoplasmic reticulum during tissue homogenization was also tested. And finally, the lysosomal or acidic alpha-mannosidase was measured in a postnuclear supernatant fraction obtained from rat liver. The results presented here show that 1 deoxymannojirimycin inhibits only Golgi alpha-mannosidase I, which is consistent with its effect on oligosaccharide processing in vivo (Fuhrmann et al. Nature 1984 307:755-758). PMID- 6239622 TI - 1-(5-Isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine (H-7) is a selective inhibitor of protein kinase C in rabbit platelets. AB - Effects of 1-(5-isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-methylpeperazine (H-7), a potent inhibitor of protein kinase C in vitro (1), were investigated with regard to stimulus-induced protein phosphorylation of rabbit platelets. While H-7 inhibited the protein kinase C-mediated phosphorylation in 12-0-tetradecanoylphorbol-13 acetate (TPA)-stimulated platelets, this compound did not block the Ca2+ calmodulin-dependent phosphorylation in Ca2+ ionophore A23187-stimulated cells. This selective inhibitor of protein kinase C, in intact cells, will facilitate studies on the biological functions of protein kinase C. PMID- 6239621 TI - Structural and chemical specificity of diacylglycerols for protein kinase C activation. AB - The structural and chemical specificity of diacylglycerols, lipid components of the quaternary complex for protein kinase C activation, have been evaluated. The ether-linked analogs of the diacyl lipids, either dialkyl or alkyl acyl, were not effective activators of protein kinase C and thus had little influence on reducing the Ca++ requirement of the enzyme. Ester-linked compounds such as 1 palmitoyl-sn-2-butyrylglycerol were as effective as dioleoylglycerol in stimulating protein phosphorylation. Increasing the carbon number at the sn-2 position from two to four resulted in enhanced enzymatic activity, suggesting that the chain length at the secondary hydroxyl is also of importance. These data clearly establish the necessity of the sn-1 carbonyl group of ester-linked glycerolipids in the protein kinase C activation complex. PMID- 6239624 TI - Siderophore reduction catalyzed by higher plant NADH:nitrate reductase. AB - Squash cotyledon NADH:nitrate reductase catalyzes the reduction of the siderophore ferrioxamine B. The enzyme also reduced ferric ion in a buffer system containing the chelators oxalate and maleate. Ferrioxamine B reduction was maximal at pH 4; ferric ion reduction was maximal at pH 8. The present study indicates that iron assimilation by higher plants may occur with microbial siderophores serving as ferric ion sources and nitrate reductase functioning as the siderophore reductase. PMID- 6239625 TI - Structural changes in mitochondrial F1-ATPase induced by the removal of loosely bound nucleotides. AB - Mitochondrial F1-ATPase from beef heart, forms aggregates when it is depleted of loosely bound nucleotides by repeated precipitation in ammonium sulfate. Polyacrylamide gradient gel electrophoresis, in non dissociating conditions shows that the aggregate formed is a dimer (708,000 daltons). The aggregation is attributed to a conformational change of the protein as a consequence of the elimination of the nucleotides from the low affinity binding sites. This structural alteration seems to be reversible because, after addition of ATP, the aggregation is not observed on polyacrylamide gels but the catalytic properties remain unchanged. This conformational change alters the accessibility of protein sulfhydryl groups to 5,5' - dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid). All these observations emphasize the importance of protein nucleotide interactions to the conformation of the mitochondrial F1-ATPase. PMID- 6239626 TI - [The type of covalent bond in a natural complex of the bacteriophage phi X 174 protein A* and nucleotides]. AB - The 32P-labelled A* protein has been isolated from E. coli cells infected by phage phi X174 in the presence of [32P]orthophosphate. The snake venom phosphodiesterase treatment of the [32P]peptides obtained by the pronase digestion of the protein has revealed a phosphodiester bond between the protein and a nucleotide material of A, G base composition. The hydrolysis of nucleotide peptides with a mixture of concentrated HCl and CF3COOH has yielded 4'O phosphotyrosine. PMID- 6239627 TI - Low C3b receptor reactivity on erythrocytes from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus detected by immune adherence hemagglutination and radioimmunoassays with monoclonal antibody. AB - C3b receptor (CR1) on erythrocytes from 23 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and 124 normal controls was determined by immune adherence hemagglutination (IAHA) and radioimmunoassay. The binding of radiolabeled monoclonal anti-CR1 to erythrocytes and their lysate was distributed continuously in a wide range. The majority of SLE patients showed low binding by both assays. CR1 sites on erythrocytes were determined also by Scatchard plot analysis and standardized by the number of similarly determined lectin-binding sites that served as a measure of erythrocyte surface. The numbers of standardized CR1 sites were classified as high, intermediate, and low. Thirty-six percent of control subjects had high numbers of CR1 sites, 53% had intermediate numbers, and 11% had low numbers. Of SLE patients, the numbers of CR1 sites were high in 0%, medium in 52%, and low in 48%. Negative IAHA was found in 10 controls (8%), all of whom had low numbers of standardized CR1 sites. Among 13 SLE patients with negative IAHA, 11 had low numbers of CR1 sites and the remaining 2 had low intermediate numbers. IAHA, therefore, was particularly efficient in detecting the low numbers of CR1 sites in SLE, which would impair the disposal of circulating immune complexes and accelerate the development of tissue injuries. PMID- 6239629 TI - [Health education in adolescence. Report of an experience]. PMID- 6239628 TI - [Hereditary erythroenzymopathies. I. Biochemical and genetic aspects]. PMID- 6239631 TI - [The veterinary physician in food inspection and zoonosis control]. PMID- 6239630 TI - [Life expectancy of the problem-drinker in Santiago, Chile IV. Work-days lost. Years 1960-1980]. PMID- 6239632 TI - [Admissions to psychiatric services following a natural disaster]. PMID- 6239633 TI - [Blood transfusion services]. PMID- 6239634 TI - [Improvements in the cold chain]. PMID- 6239635 TI - Application of immune-adherence haemagglutination assay to study genetic variability of C3b receptor on human erythrocytes. AB - Immune-adherence haemagglutination assay with human aggregated IgG (aggIgG) and guinea pig complement was standardized in order to study variability of C3b receptor on human erythrocytes. The results were expressed as the intensity of haemagglutination that corresponded to the density of C3b receptor sites as evidenced by radioimmunoassay results. The expression of C3b receptor was determined in 260 normal individuals. Among studied subjects at least two groups could be clearly distinguished-one with high and another with low expression of C3b receptor. The obtained results showed that despite intensive washing procedures or preincubation at 37 degrees C the low or high expression of C3b receptor did not change, which further supports the notion that the variable expression of C3b receptor on erythrocytes is inherited rather than acquired. It is concluded that standardized haemagglutination technique can be used for semiquantitative determination of erythrocyte C3b receptor and therefore allowing to study genetic variability of this receptor. PMID- 6239637 TI - Alteration of T cell subsets during tetanus infection treated with high doses of specific immunoglobulins. AB - Peripheral blood lymphocytes of 8 tetanus patients have been studied with monoclonal antibodies and flow cytometry. During the progression of the disease OKT3+ and Leu7+ cells undergo significative daily variations and OKT4+ cells become the majority of peripheral blood T cells. In two patients is present a severe T lymphopenia and one of these subjects presented a more prolonged disease compared to the other ones. B cells are greatly increased after 10-12 days. Two possibilities could be considered to explain our data: firstly a direct effect of the tetanic infection on the recirculation of lymphocytes producing also an expansion of OKT4+ cells containing a helper population; secondly the observed alterations of lymphocytes subsets are not due to the infection itself but rather to the massive administration of specific immunoglobulins to these patients. PMID- 6239636 TI - [Spatial characteristics of the P loop in normal subjects and in patients with an enlarged right atrium]. AB - The studies performed have shown that: 1) using automatic reproduction of 10-20 fold magnified images of P-loop it is possible to learn its configuration, duration, recording direction, position and orientation of its moment vectors; 2) using digital computer list output of curves it is possible to determine numerical values of PXYZ-loop parameters and its vector and scalar characteristics; 3) for the diagnosis of right atrial dilatation (RAD) the assessment of vector values is more important than their orientation by azimuth and elevation angles; 4) the increase beyond normal (M + 2 sigma) of space vector values of PXYZ-loop - P0.25 greater than 0.16 mV, -Pmax greater than 0.22 mV and SP area greater than or equal to 0.03 mV.mV (3 mm2) reflects the initial stage of RAD; 5) changes of normal initial/final vector ratio (-P0,025 greater than or equal to -P0,075 - in normal subjects and P0,075 greater than or equal to P0,025 in patients with RAD) indicate the advanced stage of RAD. PMID- 6239638 TI - [Left ventricular function in subjects with porphyria cutanea tarda]. PMID- 6239640 TI - Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of stenosed aortocoronary bypass grafts. AB - During the period between October 1980 and December 1982, percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of stenosed aortocoronary bypass grafts was attempted 44 times in 31 patients who had developed disabling angina pectoris four months to seven years after coronary bypass surgery. The primary success rate was 93%. Two (4.5%) patients developed myocardial infarction related to the procedure. No emergency aortocoronary bypass surgery was required and there was no mortality. Although the primary success rate was high, the incidence of recurrence after one or more angioplasties was 50%. Despite this recurrence rate the condition of 10 of the first 16 (62%) patients was clinically improved after a mean follow up of 26 months. PMID- 6239639 TI - [Immunochemotherapy of human gliomas transplanted into nude mice]. AB - In the first part of this paper, various chemotherapies were performed against oligodendrogliomas subcutaneously transplanted in to nude mice. Vincristine (VCR), adriamycin, and 1000 rads irradiation were effective against this tumors. Concerning these two drugs, dose response effect was observed. And the effect of 1 mg/kg injection of VCR roughly corresponded to that of five weekly injections of 0.2 mg/kg. In the second part of this experiment, single or combined effects of VCR and immunotherapeutic agents including OK-432 (OK), PSK, and recombinant leucocytic interferon (IFN) were examined. Two glioma lines including oligodendroglioma and glioblastoma were used. Following results were obtained from this experiment: 1) Effect of OK and VCR against oligodendrogliomas were as follows: control less than OK local injection (Local) less than OK intraperitoneal injection (IP); VCR; OK (IP X 2) less than VCR + OK(IP) less than VCR + OK (IP X 2). Effects of OK and VCR were expressed in order of their effects against glioblastomas: control less than VCR less than OK (IP); OK(IP X 2); OK(Local) less than VCR + OK (IP); VCR + OK (IP X 2). Effects of PSK and VCR against glioblastomas were as follows: control; PSK (Local) less than VCR less than VCR + PSK (Local) less than VCR + PSK (IP). Effects of IFN and VCR against oligodendrogliomas were as follows: control; IFN (IP) less than VCR less than IFN (Local) less than VCR + IFN (IP); VCR + IFN (Local). Effects of IFN and VCR against glioblastomas were as follows: control less than IFN (IP) less than VCR; IFN (Local); VCR + IFN (IP).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6239641 TI - Quantification of left to right shunt in atrial septal defect using systolic time intervals derived from pulsed Doppler velocimetry. AB - Systolic time intervals derived from Doppler velocimetry measurements were used instead of direct pulmonary to systemic flow ratio measurements in adults with atrial septal defect to quantify left to right atrial shunts. Thirteen normal subjects and 25 patients with uncomplicated atrial septal defect confirmed by cardiac catheterisation were studied. The pulmonary to systemic flow ratio (Qp:Qs) expressing the shunt size was determined by the Fick method; in normal subjects the Qp:Qs ratio was assumed to be equal to 1.0. The pulsed Doppler analogue velocity recording of flow in the pulmonary artery and the ascending aorta was taken as indicating the ejection time of each ventricle and the Q wave of the electrocardiogram as indicating the onset of systole. From these measurements the ratios of the pre-ejection periods to the ejection times (haemodynamic ratio) were calculated for each ventricle and the ratios of each variable (pre-ejection period, ejection time, and haemodynamic ratio) were calculated for both ventricles. Significant differences were found between the normal subjects and the patients with atrial septal defect for all these ratios. When the Doppler findings and the Fick measurements of Qp:Qs were compared the best linear correlation coefficient was for the left to right haemodynamic ratio. It is concluded that the use of a ratio involving several variables, such as the pre-ejection period and the ejection time for both ventricles, improves the reliability of this method, which appears to be applicable in adults. PMID- 6239642 TI - Excess granulation tissue responses associated with isotretinoin therapy. AB - Multiple polypoid projections of granulation tissue developed in two patients receiving isotretinoin for acne. Histological study of the lesions revealed increased amounts of non-sulphated acid mucopolysaccharides in the ground substance of the granulation tissue stroma. Complete resolution occurred following curettage with or without chemical cautery. The role of isotretinoin in the development of these lesions is discussed. PMID- 6239643 TI - Latitude and limitation of midface movements. AB - The starting point of midface osteotomies has been traced back to the last century (Cheever, 1867) by Moloney and Worthington (1981). Only occasional case reports can be found in the first half of this century. When Obwegeser (1962, 1965, 1969) described his standard approach to mobilise the maxilla, Tessier (1967, 1971a) discussed his extensive experience with the total midface advancement and finally Kufner (1971) and Souyris et al. (1973) proposed an intermediate midface osteotomy and Henderson and Jackson (1973) an approach to mobilise the midface according to a Le Fort II type osteotomy, the cornerstones were set further to develop techniques and modifications to solve functional and aesthetic needs of any patient with a midface deformity. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the actual knowledge of these basic procedures and their combinations, and to give a personal view on latitude and limitations concerning the planning, operative technique and results in treatment of deformities of the middle third of the face. PMID- 6239644 TI - The effects of the carbon dioxide surgical laser on oral tissues. AB - The carbon dioxide laser has become more widely available in recent years and is now employed in many branches of surgery. It is important to understand its biological effect on oral tissues so that the likely response in patients can be predicted. However, little information has been published on the healing mechanism of oral wounds. A study of the healing of laser wounds at various sites in the mouth has been undertaken in a clinically analogous animal model and the results correlated with the findings in patients. A brief description is given of the role of the carbon dioxide laser in the management of oral mucosal disease. PMID- 6239645 TI - Unifocal lymphomas of the oral cavity. AB - The diagnosis of unifocal oral lymphomas is not easy and yet, a retrospective review of the malignancies diagnosed by the University of Birmingham Department of Oral Pathology, indicates that lymphoma is the third most commonly diagnosed malignant lesion in the oral cavity. In a separate study of all the cases of unifocal oral lymphomas which are recorded in the Birmingham and West Midland Cancer Registry for the period 1957-1976, lymphomas were found in the cheek, the lip, the tongue, the alveolus, the hard palate and soft palate, the gingival and oral mucosa overlying the buccal sulcus and in the salivary and mucous glands. The survival rates of patients with lymphomas underline the fact that the prognosis falls rapidly from the early stages where the lymphoma lesion is relatively small, single and isolated, to the later stage where there is also involvement of the associated lymph nodes. PMID- 6239646 TI - An arterio-venous fistula of the floor of mouth and tongue. PMID- 6239647 TI - Clinical anatomy of the superior alveolar nerves. AB - Unilateral dissections were carried out on 19 human cadaver heads to demonstrate the superior alveolar nerves and vessels. The positions of foramina on the infratemporal surface of the maxilla were noted and, after decalcification of the bone, a transillumination technique was used to display the nerves and vessels in situ. Considerable variation was found in the origin, path and branches of anterior superior alveolar nerves. A middle superior alveolar nerve was found in seven dissections. The clinical importance of these findings is discussed in relation to local analgesia and surgery of the maxillary antrum. PMID- 6239648 TI - The versatility of modern therapy in mid-facial trauma. AB - Modern trends in the therapy of mid-facial trauma, which include the use of miniplates, wire osteosynthesis, and suspension wiring, bone transplantation from the contra-lateral canine fossa for orbital floor reconstruction, as well as the use of lyophilised dura placed over bony defects, are briefly discussed. The versatility of the combined techniques used in therapy has been illustrated by a case. PMID- 6239649 TI - Dental pulp metastases and pan-osseous mandibular involvement with mammary adenocarcinoma. AB - The case of extensive metastatic carcinoma of the mandible from a primary adenocarcinoma in a 44-year-old female is reported. The case illustrates unusual features related to its presentation, the investigations carried out and the subsequent progress of the condition. PMID- 6239650 TI - Citation for the presentation of the 1983 Down Surgical Prize to Gordon Hardman. PMID- 6239651 TI - Adenosine 5'-triphosphate at the active site accelerates binding of calcium to calcium adenosinetriphosphatase. AB - The complex of Mg X ATP and the calcium adenosinetriphosphatase of sarcoplasmic reticulum (E X ATP) reacts with 50-300 microM Ca2+ to form phosphoenzyme (E-P X Ca2) with a rate constant of 70 s-1 (pH 7.0, 100 mM KCl, 5 mM MgSO4, 25 degrees C, and SR vesicles passively loaded with Ca2+). This rate constant is independent of Ca2+ concentration above 50 microM. It is 4-6 times faster than the rate constants of 11-15 s-1 for the conformational change associated with Ca2+ binding in the absence of activation by ATP. The reaction of 200 microM Ca2+ with enzyme preincubated in 0.9 microM [gamma-32P]ATP X Mg shows a burst of [32P]E-P X Ca2 formation. This result indicates that Mg X ATP bound to the active site, and not a regulatory site, can accelerate the conformational change associated with Ca2+ binding because this concentration of Mg X ATP is well below the Kd of 160-500 microM for the putative regulatory site. When an unlabeled ATP chase is added with the Ca2+ to enzyme preincubated with [gamma-32P]ATP X Mg, the amount of [32P]E-P X Ca2 that is formed increases with the concentration of ATP in the preincubation solution and is consistent with a maximum fraction trapped of 0.55 and Kd = 4.5 microM for the dissociation of Mg X ATP from the active site. The fact that labeled E X ATP can be trapped by added Ca2+ confirms the conclusion that dissociation of ATP from E X ATP X Ca2 is slow relative to phosphorylation. PMID- 6239652 TI - Hypothesis. The mechanism of ATP synthase. Conformational change by rotation of the beta-subunit. PMID- 6239653 TI - Ca2+-stimulated, Mg2+-independent ATP hydrolysis and the high affinity Ca2+ pumping ATPase. Two different activities in rat kidney basolateral membranes. AB - The Mg2+-dependency of Ca2+-induced ATP hydrolysis is studied in basolateral plasma membrane vesicles from rat kidney cortex in the presence of CDTA and EGTA as Mg2+- and Ca2+-buffering ligands. ATP hydrolysis is strongly stimulated by Mg2+ with a Km of 13 microM in the absence or presence of 1 microM free Ca2+. At free Mg2+ concentrations of 1 microM and lower, ATP hydrolysis is Mg2+ independent, but is strongly stimulated by submicromolar Ca2+ concentrations (Km = 0.25 microM, Vmax = 24 mumol Pi/h per mg protein). The Ca2+-stimulated ATP hydrolysis strongly decreases at higher Mg2+ concentrations. The Ca2+-stimulated Mg2+-independent ATP hydrolysis is not affected by calmodulin or trifluoperazine and shows no specificity for ATP over ADP, ITP and GTP. In contrast, at high Mg2+ concentrations calmodulin and trifluoperazine affect the high affinity Ca2+ ATPase activity significantly and ATP is the preferred substrate. Control studies on ATP-dependent Ca2+-pumping in renal basolaterals and on Ca2+-ATPase in erythrocyte ghosts suggest that the Ca2+-pumping enzyme requires Mg2+. In contrast, a role of the Ca2+-stimulated Mg2+-independent ATP hydrolysis in active Ca2+ transport across basolateral membranes is rather unlikely. PMID- 6239654 TI - Preservation of functional integrity during long term storage of a biological membrane. AB - Sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles freeze-dried in the presence of trehalose retain most of their original biological activity for short periods. When the dry vesicles are stored for longer periods in air, Ca2+-transport becomes uncoupled from ATPase activity within a few days. However, when they are stored under vacuum, ATPase activity, Ca2+ transport, and coupling between Ca2+ transport and ATP utilization are maintained essentially intact for at least 110 days. PMID- 6239655 TI - Methodology for the study of the effect of drugs on development and DNA replication in Drosophila melanogaster embryonic tissue. AB - Methodology is described that will permit the study of the effect of various drugs on development and DNA replication in the cleavage nuclei of Drosophila eggs. It is shown that permeabilized eggs can be exposed to an aqueous incubation medium for up to 30 min without measureable effects on development and that such incubations can be performed with eggs that have a relatively sharp age distribution. The effect on development and viability of a variety of drugs has been examined as an aid for future studies directed toward achieving synchronous development in a population of eggs and electron microscopic studies of DNA replication in the presence of various drugs. PMID- 6239656 TI - The effect of elimination of macrophages on the tissue distribution of liposomes containing [3H]methotrexate. AB - In the present study the tissue distribution of [3H]methotrexate was studied after intravenous injection of [3H]methotrexate-containing liposomes in normal and macrophage-depleted mice. Elimination of macrophages was performed by treatment with dichloromethylene diphosphonate- (DMDP)-containing liposomes. After thorough elimination of the macrophages from spleen and liver, by two intravenous injections of DMDP liposomes 6 and 4 days before tissue distribution studies, we found dramatic changes in the localization pattern of [3H]methotrexate liposomes in the blood, due to a decreased uptake of [3H]methotrexate liposomes by the DMDP liposome-treated liver. Because of the absence of these macrophages that are able to clear the blood of liposomes, and because of the resulting higher blood level of liposomes, we found an enhanced uptake of [3H]methotrexate liposomes by the spleen. It may be concluded that, in the spleen, apart from uptake of liposomes by macrophages, at least one other mechanism is responsible for the clearance of liposomes from the circulation. When comparing cholesterol-rich with cholesterol-poor liposomes, we found basically the same results, although uptake of cholesterol-rich liposomes by macrophages was smaller than that of cholesterol-poor liposomes, as found in several other studies. We suggest that pretreatment with DMDP liposomes can help to maintain a high level of intravenous-injected liposome-entrapped material in the blood, which otherwise would be removed by macrophages. PMID- 6239657 TI - High- and low-uptake forms of beta-hexosaminidase in human platelets. Selective retention of the high-uptake form during stimulation with thrombin. AB - Human platelets are rich in beta-hexosaminidase and other acid hydrolases contained in organelles (lysosomes) distinct from alpha-granules and dense granules. Incubation of platelets with bovine or human thrombin (100 U/ml for 5 min at 37 degrees C) induces the secretion of 100% of the contents of alpha- and dense granules, but only 40-60% of total beta-hexosaminidase from lysosomes. Both isozymes Hex A and Hex B are secreted in the same proportion as found intracellularly. There is no selective recapture or plasma membrane binding by platelets of secreted beta-hexosaminidase. The secreted enzyme is of the low uptake type, i.e., it is poorly recognized by the phosphomannosyl receptor mediated uptake mechanism of fibroblasts, while the retained enzyme is a 3-fold higher uptake form. Preincubation of platelets with NH4Cl (10 mM, 2 h), followed by thrombin stimulation, results in secretion of all beta-hexosaminidase as a low uptake form. The data support the hypothesis that there are secretory and nonsecretory forms of lysosomes. The secretory lysosomes would contain low-uptake forms of hydrolases in addition to acid phosphatase, while the nonsecretory lysosomes would contain high-uptake hydrolases and be acid phosphatase-deficient. Conditions where the contents of both lysosomal populations were released together, i.e., amine treatment followed by thrombin induction, or extraction of unstimulated cells, would result in the exposure of high-uptake phosphomannosylated hydrolases released from one population of lysosomes to acid phosphatase released from the second population of lysosomes with their subsequent conversion to low-uptake forms. PMID- 6239658 TI - Thyroid hormone. Aldosterone antagonism in cultured epithelial cells. AB - Thyroid hormone (T3) has been demonstrated to inhibit the action of aldosterone on sodium transport in toad urinary bladder and rat kidney. We have examined the effect of T3 on aldosterone action and specific nuclear binding in cultured epithelial cells derived from toad urinary bladder. In cell line TB6-C, addition of 5 X 10(-8) M T3 to culture media for up to 3 days results in no change in short-circuit current or transepithelial resistance. This concentration of T3 completely inhibits the maximal increase in short-circuit current in response to 1 X 10(-7) M aldosterone. The inhibition can be demonstrated with 18 h preincubation or with simultaneous addition of T3 and aldosterone. The half maximal concentration for the inhibition of the aldosterone effect is approx. 5 X 10(-9) M T3. T3 has no effect on cyclic AMP-stimulated short-circuit current in these cells. The effect of T3 on nuclear binding of [3H]aldosterone was examined using a filtration assay with data analysis by at least-squares curve-fitting program. Best fit was obtained with a model for two binding sites. The dissociation constants for the binding were K'd1 = (0.82 +/- 0.36) X 10(-10) M and K'd2 = (3.2 +/- 0.60) X 10(-8) M. The half-maximal concentration for aldosterone-stimulated sodium transport in these cells is approx. 1 X 10(-8) M. Analysis of nuclear aldosterone binding in cells preincubated for 18 h with 5 X 10(-8) M T3 showed a K'd1 = (0.15 +/- 0.10) X 10(-10) M and K'd2 = (3.5 +/- 0.10) X 10(-8) M. We conclude that T3 inhibits the action of aldosterone on sodium transport at a site after receptor binding in the nucleus. PMID- 6239659 TI - The transducer and encoder of frog muscle spindles are essentially nonlinear. Physiological conclusions from a white-noise analysis. AB - Nonlinear second order white-noise analysis has been applied to the isolated frog muscle spindle. Power (delta 2) of the Gaussian white noise (GWN) and the average prestretch level L were varied and the response of both the isolated receptor potential (transducer) and the action potential (encoder) level were analysed. The standard white-noise method is briefly presented. Particular emphasis, however, is put on the limitations in the range of validity of the method and, consequently, on the use and interpretation of the kernels as a Wiener model. Conclusions in the present paper are within this frame and are mainly of qualitative nature. The analysis reveals that the nonlinear contributions of the model are essential for approximating physiological results, thus ruling out purely linear modelling for this receptor organ. The dependence of the transducer kernels on delta are compatible with the behaviour of a rectifier. Rectification is represented by the lack of hyperpolarization within the isolated receptor potential and is enhanced by the substantial memory in the linear and nonlinear kernels as demonstrated by their extent in time. This is equivalent to low power in high frequencies of the response. Obviously, the hyperpolarizing potentials following each spike counteract the long transducer memory. At the encoder level the memory of the system is strongly reduced. This is achieved by using predominantly high frequency components of the receptor potential for triggering the process of impulse generation, and by the precise coupling and high frequency content of the impulses. This coupling precision is possible because of the sensitivity of the spike-generating mechanism to steep rising transients of the receptor potential and also owing to the reduction in transducer memory by the hyperpolarizing afterpotentials. The preference given to the high frequency components is also read from the structure of the second order transducer kernel and from both the linear and the second order encoder kernels, which allows the most effective input waveform for triggering action potentials to be determined. When the operating point is changed to higher prestretch values, kernel heights increase strongly implying higher response strength of the muscle spindle.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6239660 TI - Time series modeling of neuromuscular system. AB - The dynamic response of the human ankle joint to a bandlimited random torque perturbation superimposed on a constant bias torque is observed in normal human subjects. The applied torque input, the joint angular rotation output, and the electromyographic activity using surface electrodes from the extensor and the flexor muscles of the ankle joint were recorded. Transfer function models using time series techniques were developed for the torque - angular rotation input output pair and for the angular rotation - electromyographic activity input output pair. A parameter constraining technique was applied to develop more reliable models. It is shown that the asymptotic behavior of the system must be taken into account during parameter optimization to develop better predictive models. PMID- 6239661 TI - Influence of prenatal jaw function on human facial development. PMID- 6239662 TI - [Lysosomal glycosidase activity in cultured human fibroblasts]. AB - A study was made of the activity of 3 lysosomal glycosidases -beta-D galactosidase (K. P. 3.2.1.23), alpha-L-fucosidase (K. P. 3.2.1.51), N-acetyl beta-D-hexosoaminidase (K. P. 3.2.1.52) depending on the time after subcultivation and duration of the passage of human skin embryonal and postembryonal fibroblasts. It was established that changes in the specific activity of the enzymes should be calculated with reference to the cell rather than to protein whose amount might vary considerably. It was also found that for measuring the specific activity of enzymes, of great importance are the procedures of cell removal from the base layer (by mechanical scraping off or by trypsin solution) and the regimen of the homogenization of cell preparations. PMID- 6239663 TI - [Mechanism of the suppression of the formation of immunologic memory]. AB - An extract from splenocytes of mice immunized with sheep red blood cells contains suppressor factor (SF) that specifically inhibits the primary immune response. The system of adoptive transfer was studied for the action of the SF on the formation of immunologic memory for sheep and rat blood cells. It was established that the SF carrying a receptor for specific antigen causes nonspecific suppression of the generation of immunologic memory cells. Within the system in question radioresistant T helper cells act as suppression targets. It is suggested that the final effect of the SF lies in the inhibition of the release of transmitters promoting differentiation or proliferation of T memory cells. PMID- 6239664 TI - [Nature of the cells regulating the production of a migration inhibition factor in C57BL/6 strain mice with low response to Candida albicans antigen]. AB - The authors studied cell regulation of macrophage migration inhibition factor (MIF) in response to Candida albicans antigen in C57BL/6 mice. It was revealed that low MIF production in response to this antigen is determined by the existence of specific suppressors which are inhibited by cyclophosphamide. The differences between the mouse lines are accounted for by different activity of suppressor cells of the thymic origin, which is confirmed by the treatment with anti-Thy1-serum and by bone marrow cell transfer. PMID- 6239665 TI - [Effect of cholesterol on the cooperativeness of the Ca-ATPase of the sarcoplasmic reticulum in rabbit skeletal muscle]. AB - Cooperative properties of Ca-ATPase of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) of rabbit skeletal muscles were examined in health and hypercholesterolemia. As the concentration of ATP was raised (from 50-100 microM to 5 mM) the Hill ratio (Nh) for ATP increased from 0.4 to 3.2. It is assumed that increased cooperative interaction between Ca-ATPase polymers led to a rise in the efficacy of Ca-pump work. Under the conditions described the Nh for UTP increased from 0.43 to 1.0. During hypercholesterolemia (1 g/kg cholesterol for 1, 3 and 6 months), the maximal values of the Nh for ATP did not exceed 2.0, whereas those for UTP 1.0. PMID- 6239666 TI - A layman's view on respiratory muscles. PMID- 6239667 TI - [Static thoracicoabdominal characteristics]. PMID- 6239668 TI - Actions of the respiratory muscles or how the chest wall moves in upright man. PMID- 6239670 TI - A controlled study of the effects of applied relaxation and applied relaxation plus operant procedures in the regulation of chronic pain. AB - Chronic back/joint pain patients participated in a comparative study of relaxation and operant therapies for chronic pain. Patients were randomly assigned to: (1) a waiting-list control, or to either (2) an applied relaxation, or (3) an applied relaxation plus operant conditioning treatment programme. Waiting patients were subsequently randomly assigned to active treatment. The results indicated that the treatment groups tended to do significantly better than the waiting-list control group for pain, medicine use, activity, and depression, but there were few clear differences between the treatment groups. Applied relaxation plus the operant programme was significantly better than relaxation for medicine reduction, and applied relaxation was better than relaxation and operant conditioning for a patient evaluation of reaching treatment goals. Within-group and single-subject analyses indicated that there were significant improvements between pre- and post-tests for the treatment groups, but not for the waiting-list control group. Follow-up data indicated maintenance, and that applied relaxation had significantly lower pain ratings than applied relaxation plus operant conditioning. Taken as a whole, the results show that applied relaxation can produce significant decreases in pain, and that the addition of an operant programme does not improve pain reductions, but does tend to improve results with activity and especially medicine intake variables. PMID- 6239669 TI - Adaptation of skeletal muscles to training. AB - Based on the myosin ATPase reaction, human skeletal muscles are composed of two main fibre types, named slow (ST) and fast (FT) twitch fibres, respectively. With few exceptions, ST and FT fibres are evenly represented in the muscles, however with a large interindividual variation. Endurance athletes tend to have a predominance of ST fibres while sprinters have a predominance of FT fibres. The ST fibres are surrounded by 3-4 capillaries, and they have the largest potential for terminal oxidation and the smallest for glycolysis. Of the FT fibres, two subtypes may be distinguished (a and b), of which no FTb fibres are seen in the endurance trained muscles of athletes. Training also results in an increase in the number of capillaries for all fibre types. FTa fibres have a metabolic potential which is intermediate to that of the ST and FTb fibres. With endurance training, the potential for terminal oxidation increases, resulting in a larger ability to use fat as a fuel during submaximal exercise and in a reduced production of lactate. Thus, training has a glycogen sparing effect and endurance increases. Human intercostal muscles appear to have approximately 60% ST fibres. In the external intercostal muscles, the number of capillaries and the occurrence of FTb fibres is similar to the findings in untrained muscles. In contrast, the internal intercostal muscles placed in the mid-axillary line have no FTb fibres and relatively many capillaries. Thus, these (expiratory) muscles appear to be extensively used. PMID- 6239671 TI - Backache. AB - If a poll were taken of the conditions the average doctor finds most difficult and depressing to treat, backache would undoubtedly be near the top of the list. Yet a clear understanding of the anatomy and mechanism of injury, a thorough examination, and a logical plan of management would help alleviate the patient's and doctor's symptoms. PMID- 6239673 TI - Arthritis in Down's syndrome. PMID- 6239672 TI - Modification by betamethasone of the effects of bronchodilator drugs on cholinergic bronchoconstriction in rats. AB - Effects of betamethasone (BM), a long-acting glucocorticoid, given alone and in combination with bronchodilator drugs, terbutaline (Ter), theophylline (Theo), or ipratropium bromide (Ipra), were studied on dose-related methacholine (MeCh 2, 3, and 4.5 micrograms i.v.)-induced bronchoconstriction in anaesthetized rats. BM (0.4 or 2 mg kg-1) was given intraperitoneally 24 h before the experiment followed by a similar dose intravenously, 12 min before MeCh challenge. The bronchodilator drugs were given i.v. as acute single doses. BM 0.4 mg kg-1 counteracted significantly MeCh-induced bronchoconstriction without modifying MeCh-induced transient bradycardia and hypotension. BM 2 mg kg-1 failed to improve that response. A time interval of 24 h after pretreatment proved mandatory to produce these effects. Combined treatment with BM 0.4 mg kg-1 + Ter 20 micrograms kg-1 antagonized the MeCh-induced bronchoconstriction in an additive manner at 2 and 3 micrograms of MeCh, but a synergistic interaction was found at the largest MeCh dose. The effects of the other combinations (BM 0.4 mg kg-1 + Theo 20 mg kg-1 and BM 0.4 mg kg-1 + Ipra 0.5 microgram kg-1) on airways failed to exceed the expected sum of the individual drugs. The combination of BM + Ter was selective to the airways only, whereas BM + Theo also counteracted MeCh induced bradycardia and BM + Ipra counteracted both hypotension and bradycardia. It is concluded that combined treatment with glucocorticoid and beta 2 adrenoceptor agonist may result in a synergistic interaction on severe airway obstruction without significant influence on cardiovascular system. PMID- 6239674 TI - Biodegradable polymer luteinising hormone releasing hormone analogue for prostatic cancer: use of a new peptide delivery system. PMID- 6239675 TI - [Polyclonal stimulation of resting B lymphocytes by the supernatant from the culture of antigen-specific helper T lymphocytes]. PMID- 6239676 TI - Biofeedback. PMID- 6239678 TI - The effect of adoptive transfer of mononuclear leukocytes from an adult donor on spontaneous cell-mediated cytotoxicity and resistance to transmissible gastroenteritis in neonatal piglets. AB - The purpose of this study was to attempt to establish spontaneous cell-mediated cytotoxicity effector activity in the intraepithelial lymphocytes of neonatal piglets by adoptive transfer of mononuclear leukocytes from an adult donor and to determine the effect of transfer on the resistance of piglets to transmissible gastroenteritis. Cytotoxicity was determined by a chromium release assay using PK 15 cells persistently infected with transmissible gastroenteritis virus as targets. The experimental animals were inbred miniature pigs, in which a high degree of uniformity in lymphocyte defined histocompatibility complex antigens was demonstrated by the mixed lymphocyte reaction. Adoptive transfer of 8 X 10(7) 4 X 10(8) adult pig leukocytes established effector activity in eight recipient piglets, and leukocytes labelled with fluorescein isothiocyanate homed to the epithelium of the small intestine. When four recipients of 5 X 10(8) adult leukocytes were challenged with transmissible gastroenteritis virus, the onset of diarrhea was delayed for 24 h and the diarrhea was usually milder than in four untreated control piglets. It was concluded that the adoptive transfer of leukocytes with spontaneous cell-mediated cytotoxicity effector activity, which homed to the small intestinal epithelium, may have contributed to an increased resistance to transmissible gastroenteritis. PMID- 6239677 TI - Theory and practical application of coupled enzyme systems: one and two coupling enzymes with mutarotation of an intermediate. AB - This paper provides equations to calculate the elapsed time before the concentration of the final intermediate, in a sequence of coupled enzymatic reactions, achieves a defined fraction of its steady-state concentration when one of the intermediates undergoes mutarotation. The equations can be used to predict lag times for systems involving one coupling enzyme, as is the case when hexokinase or phosphoglucomutase activity is monitored using glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase as the auxiliary enzyme, or for systems of two coupling enzymes, as is the case when the activities of enzymes producing ATP (such as creatine kinase) are monitored by coupling the production of ATP to hexokinase and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase. The theoretical aspects of the assay have been verified using hexokinase (as the primary enzyme) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (as the coupling enzyme). A method of cost minimization, based on the above relationships, is also provided. PMID- 6239679 TI - Lysosomal enzymes in ataxia: discovery of two new cases of late onset hexosaminidase A and B deficiency (adult Sandhoff disease) in French Canadians. AB - We have measured in leukocytes the following lysosomal enzymes in 11 Friedreich disease cases, 11 "atypical" recessive ataxias, 13 neurological controls and 16 normal controls: hexosaminidase A and B; beta-galactosidase and neuraminidase (labile and cold stable, or A and B). The lysosomal enzyme deficiencies known to produce certain forms of spinocerebellar degeneration were not present in Friedreich's disease or the Charlevoix-Saguenay syndrome. The very small scale survey of "atypical" recessive ataxias revealed 3 cases of severe deficiencies in hexosaminidase activity. Two adult brothers presenting with the clinical phenotype of Kugelberg-Welander disease (one also with ataxia), were shown to have a severe deficiency of both HEX A and HEX B activity (Sandhoff biochemical pattern). This is the first such report. A further adult female patient, unrelated to the others, had a severe isolated deficiency of HEX B and presented with a very slowly progressive and mild ataxia with severe internal strabismus. These patients and their families are being studied clinically and biochemically in greater detail and will be reported elsewhere. However these preliminary findings justify screening for such lysosomal defects in all cases of "atypical" recessive ataxia. PMID- 6239680 TI - Experimental protection by a luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonist of a bone marrow nitrosourea aplasia. Preliminary observations. AB - D-Tryptophan-6-luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (D-Trp6-LH-RH) applied from day -8 to day +15 before and after administration of the nitrosourea analog, N,N' bis[N-(2-chloroethyl)-N-nitrosocarbamoyl]cysteamine (CNCC), favored bone marrow restoration, as independently evaluated by 3 observers in a double-blind fashion. PMID- 6239681 TI - A comparison of efficacy of photoradiation therapy and other conventional treatment modalities on experimental MS-2 sarcoma. AB - The therapeutic efficacy of photoradiation therapy (PRT) following hematoporphyrin derivative (HpD) administration was compared in the experimental MS-2 tumour model to that of conventional treatment methods for local control of neoplastic diseases. The therapeutic effects of PRT and surgical removal of primary tumour were comparable in these experiments. However, optimal effects were critically dependent on the stage of tumour development. In addition, the therapeutic advantage of PRT over radiotherapy suggest an interesting role of a new approach in tumours resistant to this conventional treatment. PMID- 6239682 TI - In vitro effects of 4-hydroperoxycyclophosphamide on concanavalin A-induced human suppressor T cells. AB - Treatment in vitro of human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) with ConA induced the generation of suppressor cells which inhibited T cell blastogenic response to ConA and of allogeneic response in the mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR). Treatment of PBL with 4-hydroperoxycyclophosphamide (4-HPCy) before incubation with ConA markedly decreased the generation of suppressor cells by ConA. The effect of 4 HPCy on generation of suppressor cells was more pronounced in the test of ConA stimulation than in the MLR. Treatment with 4-HPCy had no effect on suppressor cells already induced as shown by incubation of PBL with 4-HPCy after incubation with ConA. PMID- 6239683 TI - Methods for amplifying the induction and expression of cytotoxic response in vitro to syngeneic and autologous freshly-isolated solid tumors of mice. AB - Spontaneously arising tumors are frequently poorly immunogenic and exhibit a limited capacity to induce cytotoxic effector lymphocytes. In the present study, various approaches have been used to amplify the induction and expression of cytotoxic responses in vitro toward freshly isolated, autologous, and syngeneic solid neoplasms of spontaneous origin in mice. Cytotoxic lymphocytes were generated in one-way mixed lymphocyte-tumor cell cultures (MLTC) consisting of splenocytes or lymph node cells from normal and from tumor-bearing mice co cultured with inactivated tumor cells. Optimal culture conditions have been established for the number of responder (R) cells, the method of inactivation of the stimulating (S) tumor cells, the responder/stimulator (R/S) cell ratio, and the duration of sensitization. Under optimal sensitization conditions only weak cytotoxic responses, as measured by the 51Cr-release assay, were generated. The antitumor cytotoxic activity could be augmented 2- to 12-fold by using each of the following procedures: (a) addition of crude or of partially purified interleukin-2 (IL-2) to the sensitization cultures; (b) depletion of nylon adherent cells from the responding cell population; (c) enrichment of large lymphoblasts from the sensitized effector cell population by Percoll density gradient; and (d) treatment of mice donating the responder lymphocytes with low doses of either cyclophosphamide, adriamycin, or indomethacin. Although the highly reactive effector cells generated under the improved conditions also reacted appreciably with unrelated tumor target cells, only low levels of cytotoxicity could be demonstrated against normal target cells. The antitumor cytotoxic cells in sensitized splenocyte cultures were exclusively Thy1+, Lyt1 2+, whereas in lymph node cell cultures some cytotoxicity was also exerted by Thy1+, Lyt1+2+ cells. PMID- 6239684 TI - Absence of generalized immunosuppression in C57BL/6J mice implanted with Lewis T241 fibrosarcoma or Lewis lung carcinoma. AB - The immune status of C57BL/6J mice implanted with Lewis T241 fibrosarcoma or Lewis lung (LL) carcinoma was investigated on days 14 and 28 after implantation. Splenic lymphocyte responses were assessed in mitogen (Con A, LPS) mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC), natural killer (NK), graft-vs-host (GVH), and interleukin production assays. Except for NK-cell cytotoxicity, all other immunologic parameters were either comparable to those in medium-implanted controls or augmented. NK cytotoxicity was reduced in both tumor-bearing groups on day 28. The provision of NK potentiation therapy (beta-interferon, polyinosinic: polycytidylic acid) to T241 mice under various treatment conditions did not have any significant effect on lung metastasis or survival. The results of this study do not support the thesis that T241- or LL-bearing C57BL/6J mice are generally immunosuppressed. Indeed, when immune functions were assessed on the basis of total splenic activity, each of the measured immunologic parameters was substantially greater in animals with tumors than without. Further it seems improbable, considering the magnitude of the NK-cell defect in T241 mice on days 14 and 28 after implantation and the absence of a therapeutic response to NK-cell stimulants, that NK-cell cytotoxicity is intrinsically associated with resistance to tumor progression in this model. PMID- 6239685 TI - Deficient expression of class-I HLA in some cases of acute leukemia. AB - Leukemic cells from the blood and marrow of 25 cases of newly diagnosed acute leukemia were presented as target cells to alloreactive effector cells from unrelated normal donors in cell-mediated cytotoxicity assays. In three cases the leukemic targets were poorly killed relative to nonleukemic, HLA-identical target cells. The poor killing of the leukemic cells from one of these cases was shown by competitive inhibition to be due to deficient expression of normal class-I HLA antigens rather than resistance to lysis. Furthermore, the leukemic cells from these three patients were also deficient in binding monoclonal antibodies to nonpolymorphic determinants of class-I HLA and B2 microglobulin. Two additional cases were identified as having a less extensive deficit of HLA, and may be representative of a group with relatively subtle changes in these cell surface antigens. The possible significance of reduced expression of HLA in leukemic progression and in susceptibility to graft-vs-leukemia reactions after bone marrow transplantation is discussed. PMID- 6239686 TI - Immunomodulation and therapeutic characterization of thymosin fraction five. AB - In this report we describe the characterization of the immunomodulatory efficiency and therapeutic properties of thymosin fraction five (F5). We consistently observed the immunostimulation of T-cell activity in assays of allogeneic mixed lymphocyte response (MLR) and the development of cytotoxic effector cells in an allogeneic mixed lymphocyte tumor response-cell-mediated cytotoxicity assay (MLTR-CMC). No induction of suppressor cell activity was observed. Thymosin F5 also acted successfully as an adjuvant when admixed with irradiated tumor cells. We were unable to demonstrate either NK cell or macrophage activation by thymosin F5. Therapeutic protocols using thymosin F5 and directed against pre-existing experimental and spontaneous metastases, had a significant immunotherapeutic potential. PMID- 6239687 TI - Isolated soluble fractions from the murine B16 melanoma induce primary in vitro syngeneic antitumor responses. AB - This paper extends our previous studies, which documented our ability to isolate immunogenic entities from nonimmunogenic or weakly immunogenic tumors. B16 melanoma cells failed, in our in vitro experimental system, to induce anti-B16 cytotoxic responses in spleen cells derived from normal syngeneic C57BL/6 mice. The B16 melanoma cellular homogenate was fractionated on an Ultrogel AcA 34 column, and the various fractions were tested for their ability to induce anti B16 cytotoxic responses under the same conditions as those used for intact B16, the nonimmungenic tumor cells. Certain fractions, some of them with relatively low protein concentrations, induced anti-B16 cytotoxic responses in spleen cells of normal C57BL/6 mice, whereas others, some of them with relatively high protein concentrations, failed to induce such responses. One fraction (Fr.), designated Fr. 5/6, was examined in detail. It was found that in normal syngeneic spleen cells this fraction induced effector cells that efficiently killed (at various E : T ratios) the relevant B16 target cells and RBL5 syngeneic tumor cells, but not the YAC allogeneic tumor cells or C57BL/6 lymphoblasts. Furthermore, an excess of unlabeled B16 cells most efficiently blocked the ability of these anti-B16 effector cells to kill radiolabeled B16 target cells. RBL5 tumor cells, YAC tumor cells, or C57BL/6 lymphoblasts failed to block these effector cells efficiently. A significant fraction of the effector cells induced with Fr. 5/6 was characterized as thymus-derived cells (Thy-1+, Ly-2+3+ cells). It was suggested that another fraction of the cellular population was natural killer cells, which cytolyzed the RBL5 target cells. Various theoretical and practical aspects of these findings are discussed. PMID- 6239688 TI - The isolation of immunogenic molecular entities from immunogenic and nonimmunogenic tumor homogenates by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). AB - YAC, a Moloney-virus-induced tumor of A-strain mice, is a nonimmunogenic tumor. Mice injected with the inactivated neoplastic cells and challenged with viable tumor cells did not survive longer than mice that received the challenge dose alone. The homogenate of this nonimmunogenic tumor was subjected to sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). After electrophoresis, the gel slices containing isolated molecular entities were injected into various groups of mice. The mice were challenged with low doses of viable tumor cells (10-30 cells) and their survival time was recorded. Small but significant numbers of mice injected with apparent 80-90 K SDS-PAGE-isolated molecular entity rejected the tumor or survived longer than the control groups of mice. Spleen cells from mice injected with 80-90 K molecular entity inhibited the YAC tumor cotransferred with them to naive recipients (Winn assay). Spleen cells from mice injected with monoclonal antibody against nonspecific T-cell helper factor and immunized with 80-90 K SDS-PAGE-isolated molecular entity failed to inhibit the tumor growth in naive recipients, indicating that helper T cells are involved in induction of the antitumor resistance. Nylon-wool-passed splenocytes from mice injected with 80-90 K inhibited tumor growth in some of the recipient mice. Spleen cells from these mice treated with anti-Thy-1 and complement also inhibited the tumor growth in some of the recipients, suggesting that the effector cells were both T and non-T cells. C57BL/6 mice immunized with apparent 20 K SDS-PAGE-isolated molecular entity of RBL5 tumor also induced in vivo resistance to the syngeneic viable RBL5 cells, but not to the syngeneic B16 melanoma cells, indicating the specificity of the protective effect. The practical and theoretical implications of these findings are discussed. PMID- 6239689 TI - Effect of prednisolone on hormone profiles during primary endocrine treatment of advanced breast cancer. AB - Various plasma hormones were measured in 13 pre- and 20 post-menopausal women with advanced breast cancer before and for 12 months after ovarian irradiation or during continuous administration of tamoxifen at a dose of 10 mg twice a day, respectively; some patients received additional prednisolone at a dose of 5 mg twice a day. These patients were taken from a larger clinical trial which demonstrated a higher response to primary endocrine therapy when prednisolone was added. Levels of dehydropiandrosterone sulfate were depressed in patients receiving prednisolone, confirming adrenal suppression. Estradiol levels were reduced in all patients, while luteinizing hormone and follicular stimulating hormone increased after ovarian irradiation, but all three hormones fell during tamoxifen administration; no further changes were caused by the addition of prednisolone. Prolactin and thyroxine remained constant throughout the study. There were no differences between responders and nonresponders in hormone profiles or in changes in the profiles after treatment. PMID- 6239690 TI - Elimination of phagocytic cells in the spleen after intravenous injection of liposome-encapsulated dichloromethylene diphosphonate. An enzyme-histochemical study. AB - Dichloromethylene diphosphonate can be used for temporary elimination of macrophages in the spleen when administered after entrapment in liposomes. No comparable effect on the macrophages of the spleen was observed with free dichloromethylene diphosphonate or in the case of empty liposomes. Marginal metallophils on the boundary between white pulp and marginal zone as well as macrophages in the marginal zone and red pulp disappeared from the spleen within one day and remained largely absent for about a week. After this time cells reappeared slowly, and at approximately four weeks after injection their presence in the spleen did not differ from that in control animals. Marginal metallophils and macrophages in the spleen were demonstrated by use of enzyme-histochemical methods and by their capacity to ingest carbon particles. PMID- 6239691 TI - Microtubule crossbridging by chlamydomonas dynein. AB - Dynein, obtained from axonemes of Chlamydomonas, binds by both its A and B ends to microtubules assembled from twice cycled (2X) and purified (6S) brain tubulin as well as to microtubules in native spindles, thereby inducing microtubule crossbridging. The two ends of the dynein arm exhibit distinct binding characteristics for the different microtubule preparations. Greater than 99% of the dynein arms are bound exclusively by their B ends to microtubules assembled from 6S tubulin in the presence of dynein and decorated to saturation. In contrast, greater than 80% of the dynein arms are bound by both their A and B ends to and, therefore, crossbridge 6S microtubules that are only partially dynein decorated. Binding of the A end of the dynein arm to saturated 6S microtubules can be enhanced by destabilizing the binding of the B end upon addition of ATP and vanadate. These observations suggest that Chlamydomonas dynein arms can bind by their A ends to microtubules assembled from 6S tubulin only when the B ends of the arms either are not bound or are bound but do not occupy all available dynein binding sites. Dynein exhibits a slight preference for binding by its A end to microtubules assembled from 2X tubulin and containing microtubule associated proteins (MAPs). Approximately 90% of the dynein arms crossbridge adjacent 2X microtubules that are only partially decorated. But as saturation of these microtubules with dynein is approached, the majority of the arms are bound solely by their A ends, while a smaller percentage are bound by their B ends or by both their A and B ends. These studies indicate that the type of microtubule as well as the degree of saturation of the microtubule with dynein can determine whether microtubule crossbridging occurs. PMID- 6239692 TI - Distal coronary power injection during percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. AB - A modification of the standard percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) procedure is described using a power injector instead of a hand-held syringe for distal coronary contrast injections. This system was used in 215 dilatations without complications related to the power injector. We found this system to simplify the PTCA procedure and allowed for improved distal visualization even with the steerable PTCA catheters containing an intraluminal guide wire. PMID- 6239693 TI - Determinants of directionality in lambda site-specific recombination. AB - The DNA structural features governing directionality in lambda site-specific recombination are shown to reside in regions of the phage attachment site more than 70 bp to the left and more than 40 bp to the right of the cross-over region. Disposition of these sequences on the same attachment site in integration, and on different attachment sites in excision, determines the opposite effects of Xis protein upon the two reactions (stimulation of excision and inhibition of integration). The binding of Xis to two adjacent directly repeated sequences in the left phage arm is shown to occur in a highly cooperative manner, to alter the conformation of the DNA, and to produce a 32-fold stimulation of Int binding to an adjacent locus. PMID- 6239695 TI - Comparison between the in vitro activities of in vivo-induced hapten-specific suppressor cells and supernatants of a hapten-specific suppressor hybridoma. AB - A trinitrophenyl (TNP)-specific suppressor hybridoma was obtained by fusing hapten-binding spleen cells (SC) of BALB/c mice 1 week after intravenous (iv) injection of TNP-modified syngeneic lymphocytes with the AKR lymphoma BW5147. The suppressive activity of supernatants from one clone (TNP-44) was compared with that of in vivo-induced TNP-specific suppressor cells. Both the TNP-specific suppressor cells (TsTNP) and the TNP-44 were hapten binding and hapten specific. They suppressed the functional activity of TNP-haptenized T as well as B cells. TNP-44 supernatant also inhibited the proliferation of TNP-modified cells. Using native target cells, both TNP-44 supernatant and the in vivo-induced suppressor cells suppressed the anti-TNP B-cell response to TNP-bound T-dependent soluble or cellular antigens, but not to TNP-lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Furthermore, the function of TNP-specific helper T cells (THTNP) was impaired in the presence of TSTNP or supernatant from TNP-44. From these observations it was concluded that both the TSTNP and a TNP-specific factor derived from a suppressor hybridoma function via an antigen bridge at the TH or at the TH-dependent B-cell subset. PMID- 6239694 TI - Antigen-specific murine T-cell lymphomas. II. H-2 restriction of primary and secondary responses. AB - A stable clone of C57BL/6 (H-2b) radiation leukemia virus transformed ovalbumin (OVA)-specific murine T-cell lymphoma cells was able to mediate carrier-specific helper activity. The ability of these lymphoma cells to express helper activity for both primary and secondary hapten-specific B-cell responses was analyzed in nonirradiated normal or hapten-primed recipients. The lymphoma cells augmented anti-hapten responses in a carrier-specific manner; no bystander effects were noted. Helper activity was primarily noted in the IgG responses. The genetic restrictions affecting the expression of lymphoma-mediated helper activity were also analyzed. The pattern of restriction indicated that genes in the H-2 complex controlled the expression of helper activity; disparities at the Igh complex failed to influence helper activity. The cellular site of the H-2 restriction was between the antigen-presenting cells and the T-cell lymphoma not between the T and B cells. Precise intra-H-2 mapping of the gene(s) which control expression of lymphoma-mediated helper activity was attempted. Although most of the data were consistent with localization of the gene(s) to the I-A region, anomolous responses were noted in one strain. PMID- 6239696 TI - Lymphocyte function in experimental African trypanosomiasis. VIII. Loss of suppressor T cell function in lymph nodes. AB - The immunosuppression that occurs in mice experimentally infected with African trypanosomiasis has been examined further. In the present study we have examined lymph node cells from Trypanosoma rhodesiense-infected C57Bl/6J mice for the ability to produce mitogen induced antigen-nonspecific suppressor T cells (Ts). Inguinal, mesenteric, and brachial lymph node cells were harvested from uninfected control mice and from mice at different periods of infection. These cells were cultured with or without concanavalin A (Con A) for 48 hr to induce Ts activity. After stimulation, the control and infected lymph node cells were passed over Sephadex G-10 columns to remove suppressor macrophages that arise during the infection from Con A-induced Ts. The column passed cells were then added to normal mouse responder spleen cells in a primary in vitro antibody response culture system with sheep erythrocytes (SRBC) as antigen. The resultant plaque-forming cell responses to SRBC indicated that Ts function was not induced in infected lymph node cell populations. However, early in the infection, a stimulatory signal was provided by both the untreated and Con A-treated infected lymph node cells, which was lost in the terminal stage. Determinations of T cell subpopulations revealed that the infected Lyt 2.2-bearing subpopulation was not significantly altered from normal controls. We conclude that T. rhodesense infected mice fail to mount normal lymph node cell antigen nonspecific Ts responses and that this loss of activity may be due to an intrinsic dysfunction in the suppressor T cell population. PMID- 6239697 TI - Cell cycle specific variations in transport capacity of an isolated Ca2+ transport system. AB - From sea urchin eggs as well as from mammalian cells a Ca2+-transporting system is described in its properties. One of its main components is the "mitotic" Ca2+ ATPase. If its activity is studied during the cell cycle of fertilized sea urchin eggs, fluctuations of the Ca2+-uptake capacity are found with a maximum in every cell cycle at mitosis. Additionally, only in the first cycle after fertilization, another activity increase occurs at the time of spermaster formation. This system, then, seems to qualify for one of the main regulators of the mitotic process. PMID- 6239698 TI - Correlation of oligomycin-sensitive ATPase activity in trypanosomes with their content of an antigen to primary biliary cirrhosis. AB - The amounts of an antigen to primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) which occur in subcellular fractions of Trypanosoma rhodesiense and T. lewisi correlate positively with the oligomycin-sensitive (OS) ATPase activity of these fractions. This result is consistent with the mitochondrial ATPase association of the antigen in mammalian and other cells. Higher levels of OS-ATPase and of PBC antigen in T. lewisi accord with a more extensive mitochondrial development in this species. PMID- 6239699 TI - [Morphological response of the VERO, PK and MDBK cell lines to infections with E. coli strains isolated from feces]. PMID- 6239700 TI - [Hemolytic activity of Vibrio cholerae non-01]. PMID- 6239701 TI - [Vaccination against tick-borne encephalitis using the Soviet liquid inactivated vaccine]. PMID- 6239702 TI - [Differentiation of Legionella pneumophila serotypes using isoelectric focusing of free proteins]. PMID- 6239703 TI - [An incubation chamber for repeated administration of sera in immunopathology]. PMID- 6239704 TI - [Personal experience with the typing of Pseudomonas aeruginosa using SEVAC typing sera]. PMID- 6239705 TI - [Therapeutic use of staphylococcal phagolysates in chronic and recurrent respiratory diseases]. PMID- 6239706 TI - The handicapped child. PMID- 6239707 TI - [Plastic and reconstructive surgery in children with trisomy 21]. PMID- 6239708 TI - Ward teaching won't do! AB - Some multiply handicapped children who live in long stay hospitals do not attend school. This survey of alternative arrangements for their education made in Scottish hospitals shows that it is the children with the most severe handicaps who are taught in wards rather than in schools. Yet generally they receive little teaching time, few of their teachers have specialized training, there is limited help from other professionals, and they are taught in rooms less suitable than the most inadequate classroom. No evidence was found of any educational advantages for children being taught in a ward rather than in school. PMID- 6239709 TI - Developmental progress of preschool Down's syndrome children receiving a home advisory service: an interim report. AB - Studies have shown that the progressive slowing of the intellectual development of Down's syndrome children can be minimised by the provision of very early educational input. Such provision has been available from a Home Advisory Service for families with a preschool handicapped child in Clwyd, North Wales, since 1975. The development of these children has been carefully monitored over this time and the findings to date give an encouraging picture in respect of the effectiveness of such a service. They also suggest that the intellectual prognosis for children with this syndrome may be less gloomy than considered hitherto. PMID- 6239710 TI - Prewalking locomotor movements and their use in predicting standing and walking. AB - The majority (82%) of normal infants crawl on hands and knees as the predominant means of moving from place to place before they get themselves to standing. Others shuffle in a sitting position (9%), creep on the abdomen (1%) or roll (1%), and tend to walk much later than the crawlers. The earliest walkers have no observable prewalking locomotion--they just stand up and walk (7%). In many instances, the age at which one locomotor milestone is attained correlates well with the age at which subsequent milestones appear, thus permitting prediction of the age of standing and walking. Such predictions are useful in offering parents and therapists a time scale over which future skills can be expected to develop in both normal and handicapped children. PMID- 6239711 TI - Emergency: a case history. PMID- 6239712 TI - Suppressor T cells and soluble suppressor factors in allergy: effect of immunotherapy. AB - Suppressor-cell activity of Concanavalin-A-stimulated lymphocytes was studied in allergic patients by inhibition of one-way mixed lymphocyte culture reactions before and after allergy immunotherapy. This activity was compared with twelve healthy controls. In preliminary experiments, six out of eight allergic patients had no detectable T suppressor activity. In the second prospective group, eight out of eleven patients had much reduced suppressor-cell activity before immunotherapy, and seven out of eleven patients had much reduced activity after immunotherapy. The data suggest that non-specific T suppressor-cell activity is reduced in allergic patients but immunotherapy does not restore such activity. PMID- 6239713 TI - Synthesis of 4-methylumbelliferyl-beta-D-N-acetylglucosamine-6-sulfate and its use in classification of GM2 gangliosidosis genotypes. AB - Measurement of hexosaminidase A (Hex A) is an important clinical chemical procedure in the classification of GM2 gangliosidosis genotypes. We have synthesized a new substrate which may be useful in both the biochemical diagnosis of GM2 gangliosidosis and the detection of heterozygotes for the Tay-Sachs disease (TSD) allele. 4-Methylumbelliferyl-beta-D-N-acetylglucosamine-6-sulfate (4MUGS) was synthesized by sulfation of 4MU-beta-D-N-acetylglucosamine (4MUG) with chlorosulfonic acid and purified through gel filtration and ion-exchange chromatography. The structure of 4MUGS was verified by elemental analysis and NMR. Hex A is approximately 100 times more active toward 4MUGS than Hex B. The advantage of this increased specificity is that Hex A can be determined in a one step procedure which allows separation of normal control serum values from those of obligate heterozygotes. Alternatively, assay values obtained using both substrates can be transformed by application of an empirical equation that allows the calculation of both Hex A and Hex B without the requirement of thermal fractionation. Lower values for % Hex A in serum have been obtained for Tay-Sachs homozygotes using the 4MUGS assay procedure. The results of Hex A assays on fibroblast cell strains obtained from Tay-Sachs homozygotes, variant forms of GM2 gangliosidosis and normal controls are also discussed. PMID- 6239716 TI - Noise-induced hearing loss--the basis of compensation. PMID- 6239714 TI - The effects of cyproterone acetate and ethinyl oestradiol on carbohydrate metabolism. AB - Carbohydrate metabolism was studied in a group of 66 women, taking cyproterone acetate (CA) and ethinyloestradiol (EO) as anti-androgen therapy for the treatment of hirsutism and/or acne. A reverse sequential treatment cycle was used and women were studied in two groups: the first when taking the combination of CA and EO during the first 12 days of the treatment cycle, and the second taking EO alone during days 13 to 22. The combination reduced fasting plasma glucose and raised fasting plasma insulin concentrations. There was deterioration of glucose tolerance with increased plasma insulin concentrations and these effects were progressive with time. The plasma insulin response to intravenous tolbutamide was increased by 50% but there was no accompanying change in the glucose nadir as compared with controls. These results show that the combination of CA and EO causes insulin resistance. Plasma C-peptide concentrations following oral glucose were unchanged compared with controls. This shows that the observed hyperinsulinaemia was due to a reduction of hepatic uptake of insulin rather than its increased secretion. We propose that these effects are due to a CA-induced elevation of fasting plasma insulin resulting in downregulation of hepatic insulin receptors with subsequent induction of insulin resistance and impairment of hepatic insulin uptake. C-peptide concentrations following i.v. tolbutamide were significantly higher on treatment with CA and EO than in controls indicating increased pancreatic secretion of insulin. Tests carried out while patients were taking EO alone showed impairment of glucose tolerance only with no change in insulin levels. There was an increase in plasma insulin in response to tolbutamide but this was not significant. We conclude that these results are explained by a reduced but persisting effect of CA. PMID- 6239715 TI - The characteristics of renal mineralocorticoid receptors in glycyrrhizinic acid or deoxycorticosterone-induced hypertensive rats. AB - The relationship between blood pressure and the characteristics of renal mineralocorticoid receptors was studied in glycyrrhizinic acid (GR) or deoxycorticosterone (DOC) induced hypertensive rats. The apparent maximum binding (Bmax) of aldosterone to renal mineralocorticoid receptors was 3.1 +/- 0.2 X 10( 13) mol/mg cytosol protein and the dissociation constant (Kd) was 1.6 +/- 0.5 nM. GR treatment reduced the concentration of cytosol mineralocorticoid receptors (Bmax) but did not affect the Kd. In unilaterally adreno-nephrectomized rats, GR induced hypertension and hypokalemia as seen in DOC treated rats. After the discontinuation of GR, blood pressure was normalized with concomitant recovery of free cytosol mineralocorticoid receptors in 14 weeks. On the contrary, in DOC treated rats, the characteristics of mineralocorticoid receptors in kidney were already normal one week after the cessation of DOC treatment. However, blood pressure remained high up to 15 weeks. These findings suggest that the persistence of hypertension after GR discontinuation might be caused by a long standing effect of GR on renal mineralocorticoid receptor mechanisms. PMID- 6239717 TI - Neurophysiological evidence of aging in Down's syndrome. AB - Fifteen subjects with Down's syndrome had measurements of peripheral and central nervous system conduction parameters. Conventional nerve conduction studies revealed evidence of peripheral nerve dysfunction consistent with an axonal degeneration. Upper limb somatosensory evoked potentials were delayed compared with age-matched controls in both young and older age groups of Down's subjects. Lower limb somatosensory evoked potentials were also delayed when correction for height was made; furthermore the 'central conduction time' was prolonged in young and older groups. These results suggest that both peripheral and central nervous system function is impaired in Down's syndrome and the pattern of change is similar to that found with aging in normal individuals. PMID- 6239718 TI - Effect of concanavalin A on intracellular killing of Staphylococcus aureus by human phagocytes. AB - This study concerns the influence of concanavalin A (Con A) on phagocytosis and intracellular killing of Staphylococcus aureus by human monocytes and granulocytes. Con A binds to S. aureus, monocytes, and granulocytes, and is not opsonic. Con A stimulates the killing of intracellular serum opsonized S. aureus by monocytes, but not by granulocytes. This stimulation of intracellular killing was inhibited by alpha-methyl-mannoside, indicating that the process occurs via Con A specific membrane binding sites. Unlike (tetravalent) Con A, divalent succinyl-Con A does not stimulate intracellular killing, indicating that the lectin valency is important for this stimulation. Con A bound to Sephadex particles, that can not be ingested by monocytes, does not stimulate intracellular killing of S. aureus either, although it, like free Con A, stimulates H2O2 production. Pre-incubation of monocytes with Con A inhibited Fc gamma and C3b-mediated ingestion of S. aureus as well as stimulation of the killing by serum. Divalent Con A had no effect on these functions. This inhibition by Con A is in all probability due to a steric impedance of Con A with respect to the interaction of IgG and C3b with their membrane receptors. Fluorescence techniques showed that Con A was localized on the membrane and in the cytoplasm of the monocytes, whereas granulocytes had only membrane bound lectin. Taken together, these findings suggest that cell penetration by the lectin is obligatory for the stimulation of intracellular killing. PMID- 6239719 TI - Human pregnancy serum inhibits interleukin-2 production. AB - Cell-mediated immunity may be depressed during pregnancy. We used the two way mixed lymphocyte reaction as an in vitro model of cell mediated immunity and studied the effect of pregnancy sera on this system by the amount of tritiated thymidine taken up by activated lymphocytes. We found that: (1) pregnancy sera contain a factor inhibiting the mixed lymphocyte reaction; (2) the inhibition of the mixed lymphocyte reaction induced by sera could be reversed by the addition of the supernatant from allogeneic mixed lymphocyte reaction; (3) pure interleukin-1 could not reverse the inhibitory effect and (4) recombinant interleukin-2 (IL-2) completely reversed the inhibitory effect of pregnancy sera on the mixed lymphocyte reaction. We conclude that a factor (or factors) present in serum from pregnant women is capable of inhibiting the generation of IL-2 during lymphocyte activation. PMID- 6239720 TI - Thymoma and hypogammaglobulinaemia with and without T suppressor cells. AB - Patients with acquired hypogammaglobulinaemia usually have near normal numbers of B cells and normal T cell function. When hypogammaglobulinaemia occurs in association with thymoma, then B cell numbers have been reported as low, and distinctive T cells are present which inhibit immunoglobulin production by normal cells. It has been suggested that these T cells are responsible for the observed hypogammaglobulinaemia. We report a patient with thymoma and hypogammaglobulinaemia who lacks these distinctive suppressor cells and has normal B cell numbers. It is therefore incorrect to propose a single pathogenic mechanism for hypogammaglobulinaemia in association with thymoma. PMID- 6239721 TI - Reactivity of Leu 1 and T101 monoclonal antibodies with B cell lymphomas (correlations with other immunological markers). AB - The reactivity of Leu 1/T101 monoclonal antibodies (MoAb) was studied in a series of 69 lymphomas with B cell differentiation and was correlated with other cell markers. A three step immunoperoxidase technique on frozen sections was used to test a panel of 20 MoAb: anti-human Ig (heavy and light chains), To 15 (Pan B cells), Leu 1, T101, Leu 4, Leu 3a, Leu 5, OKT 8, OKT 6, Leu 7, anti-CALLA (IOT 5), Leu 10, anti-HLA-DR, OKM 1 and anti-dendritic reticulum cells (R 4/23). T101/Leu 1 antigen was detected in 24 cases: CLL (11 of 11), diffuse centrocytic lymphomas (four of 11), follicular lymphomas (none of 12), follicular and diffuse lymphomas (seven of 10) and one unclassified low grade lymphoma. This antigen was observed in only one high grade malignant lymphoma. In follicular lymphomas, two results deserve attention: (1) T101+ lymphomas showed most frequently IgM+, IgD+ surface Ig. Inversely, T101 unreactive lymphomas displayed IgM+, IgD+ phenotype. (2) Tp67 antigen (T101, Leu 1) and CALLA (GP 100) were found to be mutually exclusive in these lymphomas. These results suggest that follicular lymphomas could be derived from two distinct germinal center cell populations: IgM+ Ig'D-, Calla+, Leu 1-/T101- and IgM+, IgD+, CALLA-, Leu+/T101+. PMID- 6239722 TI - Impaired lymphocyte and suppressor cell function in minimal change nephropathy, membranous nephropathy and focal glomerulosclerosis. AB - The response of lymphocytes to Concanavalin A (Con A) was measured in patients with the nephrotic syndrome due to minimal change nephropathy (11 patients), focal glomerulosclerosis (15 patients) and membranous nephropathy (21 patients); autologous serum was not used in these studies. There was a significant reduction in lymphocyte transformation in each group of patients compared to normal controls (p less than 0.01 for each group), but there was no significant difference between the individual groups of patients. Impaired lymphocyte transformation to Con A appears therefore to be a general feature of the nephrotic syndrome and is not exclusive to minimal change nephropathy. Measurements of suppressor cell function in 4 patients with minimal change nephropathy, 9 patients with focal glomerulosclerosis and 12 patients with membranous nephropathy were performed at the same time as the above studies. In each group suppressor cell function was decreased, indicating that the impaired lymphocyte response to Con A is not due to increased suppressor cell activity. These findings do not support the hypothesis that an abnormality of lymphocyte function peculiar to minimal change nephropathy is pathogenetic in that disease and not in other causes of the nephrotic syndrome; it seems more likely that the abnormalities described are secondary to the nephrotic state. PMID- 6239723 TI - Role of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty in patients with variant angina and coexistent coronary stenosis refractory to maximal medical therapy. AB - Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) was performed with initial success in 7 patients with variant angina and significant (greater than 60%) coronary stenosis. The mean degree of stenosis was reduced from 77 +/- 12% to 29 +/- 15% and the mean systolic pressure gradient from 78 +/- 18 to 25 +/- 9 mmHg. Apart from a reversible spasm in one patient, PTCA was free of acute complications. Despite long-term treatment with nifedipine, nitrates, and warfarin (patients 1 to 5) or aspirin (patients 6 and 7) restenoses occurred in 4 of 7 patients. An aortocoronary bypass was necessary in 2 patients, 3 respectively 6 weeks after PTCA because of tighter restenoses than before PTCA. Another patient underwent successful repeat angioplasty after 6 weeks and remained improved. During a mean follow-up observation of 21 months (6 to 30 months), 4 patients were asymptomatic, even without medication. In one of these patients, the follow-up angiography (6 months after PTCA) demonstrated a restenosis. These results suggest that PTCA demonstrated a restenosis. These results suggest that PTCA can be performed without a higher risk of acute complications in patients with variant angina. Although the recurrence rate is high in these patients, sustained clinical improvement was achieved in a substantial percentage of patients in our study. PMID- 6239724 TI - Scintigraphic skeletal "doughnut" sign due to giant cell tumor of the fibula. AB - Although the "doughnut" sign in brain scintigraphy is a well known phenomenon, similar findings have recently been reported in bone scintigraphy in osseous and nonosseous lesions. A skeletal doughnut sign in bone scintigraphy caused by giant cell tumor of the proximal fibula is presented with a brief review of literature. PMID- 6239725 TI - Scintigraphic detection of prosthetic joint and soft tissue sepsis secondary to tuberculosis. AB - In a 40-year-old Hispanic woman with pain and swelling in the left knee with a prosthesis, the combination of Ga-67 citrate and Tc-99m methylene diphosphonate (MDP) scans was used to indicate that there was a septic prosthetic joint. At surgery, the joint was infected and a foreign body was found. Cultures positive for tuberculosis were found also. The presence of an incongruent Ga-67 and Tc-99m (MDP) scan pattern suggests infection of the prosthetic joint, as in the following case. PMID- 6239726 TI - Intraoperative scintigraphic localization of the nidus of osteoid osteoma. PMID- 6239727 TI - Benign Brenner tumor of the ovary detected on Tc-99m methylene diphosphonate bone scan. AB - Many disease states, including neoplasia, have been detected by bone scanning. Among the neoplastic processes detected by bone imaging agents are ovarian tumors, both benign and malignant. This report is concerned with the visualization of a benign Brenner tumor during routine Tc-99m MDP bone scanning. PMID- 6239728 TI - Demonstration of a parathyroid adenoma with Tc-99m MDP bone scintigraphy. PMID- 6239729 TI - Bone scans. Incidental detection of urinary tract etiology of abdominopelvic pain. PMID- 6239730 TI - Uncommon orbital bone infarctions in a sickle cell anemia patient. PMID- 6239731 TI - Sterilization. AB - Male and female sterilization is a safe and effective form of permanent contraception. The number of patients accepting this method has rapidly increased over the last ten years and is likely to continue. In some countries the rate has plateaued out: in the USA it has been 31 per cent of all married women for the last eight years. Before sterilization it is important that adequate counselling is given to both partners and that the decision is not hurried. This is emphasized by the number of women and men requesting reversal of sterilization (thought to be between 0.1 and 10 per cent of all sterilizations). These requests for reversal usually come from couples who have remarried, tend to be younger, have fewer live children, have had more abortions, less schooling and are poor users of contraception. In these high-risk patients counselling and time to make the decision is essential. Other studies indicate that regret after puerperal sterilization may be commoner, but the risks of further pregnancies have to be weighed against sterilization regret. The methodology of male sterilization has changed little in the last ten years; it is simple and usually done under local anaesthesia. In contrast, female sterilization methods are constantly being refined, from laparotomy to laparoscopy and from extensive tubal destruction or excision to minimal tubal damage. The common methods now are mini-laparotomy and laparoscopy under local or general anaesthesia, with tubal occlusion by clips, rings or bipolar or thermal coagulation. There is no place now for unipolar diathermy, because of the higher complication rate, especially for major complications such as bowel burns. Recent multicentre studies comparing different methods give low rates for immediate morbidity and surgical complications (0.8 to 2.5 per cent of cases). Technical failure is rare but often due to a pre-existing condition, for example obesity or previous pelvic disease. Some failures are due, however, to difficulties with the instruments, especially at laparoscopy; here further developments and the use of teaching aids for those in training will help to reduce problems. Mortality from female sterilization is low, at 2 to 10 per 100 000 procedures; however, half is due in part to anaesthetic complications (hypoventilation), which can be avoided by intubation, and others are due to pre existing medical conditions. Long-term follow-up has now shown that sterilization does not cause an increase in menstrual blood loss.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6239732 TI - Injectable contraception. PMID- 6239733 TI - [Myocarditis: current etiopathogenetic and nosographic concepts]. PMID- 6239734 TI - [Psychoreactive aspects and inherent problems in relations with the physician in healthy HBsAg carriers]. PMID- 6239735 TI - [Relation between changes in lipid metabolism and macrocytic anemia in chronic liver disease. Evaluation of therapy with a membranotropic drug]. PMID- 6239736 TI - [Clinical evaluation of molsidomin in ischemic cardiopathy]. PMID- 6239737 TI - [Liposomes of hypothalamic phospholipids: evaluation of their efficacy in subjects pretreated with sulpiride]. PMID- 6239738 TI - [Kanendomycin in the topical treatment of proctosigmoiditis]. PMID- 6239739 TI - [Positive inotropic therapy of cardiac failure: old and new drugs, controversies and tests]. PMID- 6239740 TI - [Lipodystrophy appearing during treatment with monocomponent insulin]. PMID- 6239741 TI - [Toxicology and cancerogenesis of formaldehyde]. PMID- 6239742 TI - Auranofin. AB - It has been widely accepted for a number of years that chrysotherapy is a valuable therapeutic agent in the treatment of progressive rheumatoid disease. This therapeutic benefit has, to some extent, been offset by the potential toxicity associated with gold compounds. The development of a gold compound with a greater therapeutic to toxicity ratio would be of considerable interest and benefit, to both patients and physicians. Initial studies with auranofin suggested that this compound was a reliably absorbed agent and that its use would avoid regular gold thiol injections. Its initial therapeutic profile was considered to be similar to that of injectable gold compounds, but with a significantly greater safety margin. The further information that has accrued from the clinical studies reported so far would tend to support these early suggestions in that auranofin has compared very favourably with gold thiols and other disease-remittive agents and that the prevalence of side effects requiring withdrawal of therapy has been approximately 25-30 per cent less. In addition, the reasons for withdrawal have often been less potentially serious side effects, notably nephrotoxicity and haematological reactions. In a review of over 3000 patients treated with auranofin, compared to 465 patients treated with injectable gold, the frequency of withdrawal from studies due to inefficacy of auranofin was approximately two to three times higher than with the gold thiols. It would appear, therefore, that in those patients continuing on therapy, auranofin is similar to injectable gold, but that a higher proportion of patients will fail to get a response within three to six months to the therapy. This potential lack of therapeutic effect is offset by the increased safety margin. In time, it is possible that auranofin will be accepted for earlier treatment in the course of rheumatoid disease than perhaps would normally have been considered. The in vivo and in vitro studies of auranofin on its mechanism of action are of considerable interest. They provide theoretical and valuable information on the mechanism of action of gold compounds and the cellular functions and interactions which may be involved in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid disease. It is interesting to note that auranofin appears to be more potent and have different effects than gold thiols, despite the fact that in terms of clinical therapeutic profile the compounds are similar.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6239743 TI - Contact dermatitis in children. PMID- 6239745 TI - Welfare benefits: when an increase masks cuts; reading the small print. PMID- 6239744 TI - Connective tissue metabolism in muscular dystrophy. Levels of collagen and mucopolysaccharides in embryonic chickens with genetic muscular dystrophy. AB - There were marked differences between the levels of collagen (measured as hydroxyproline) and mucopolysaccharides (measured as hexosamine) found in embryonic chicks with genetic muscular dystrophy and their normal controls. The chief differences were that the dystrophic tissues (gastrocnemius muscle and tendon, pectoralis major and skin) had: (a) greater amounts of hexosamine early in embryonic development; (b) hydroxyproline levels that rose at a faster rate, yielding different slopes than their normal controls; (c) relatively greater amounts of hydroxyproline than hexosamine later in embryonic life (day 20). Connective tissue systems in muscles were preferentially affected. The connective tissue system associated with dystrophic tissues appeared to lag behind the normal rhythm pattern of embryological development. The changes in connective tissue metabolism observed in dystrophic chicks suggested that the collagen from dystrophic embryonic chicks may be of a different structure or composition than that found in the normals. PMID- 6239746 TI - A window on welfare benefits. PMID- 6239747 TI - Supporting the carers: courses for carers. PMID- 6239748 TI - Supporting the carers: in at the deep end. PMID- 6239749 TI - Present state of coronary surgery. PMID- 6239750 TI - Research cooperation of the member countries of the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance in surgical treatment of cardiovascular diseases. PMID- 6239751 TI - Pathways of T cell suppression. AB - The methods of detection of suppressor cells which are generated during an immune response are reviewed. The requirements and the mechanisms for their induction as well as their relationship to other functionally important cell subpopulations (e.g., helper T cells, cytotoxic T cells) are examined. Their nature and the mechanism of their action are reviewed. The control of the generation of suppressor cells by well-defined subregions of the I region of the MHC is one of the most important recent developments. Suppressor cells have been shown to play an important role in a variety of systems such as allotypic suppression, the poor response of some strains of mice to certain polypeptides, the progress of tumor growth, etc. However, their role in other phenomena such as tolerance to self antigens and thus their involvement in the development of autoimmunity is not yet clear. In the NZB/W murine lupus model loss of suppressor cells has been implicated in the progress of autoimmune disease. Soluble mediators with suppressive activity probably represent the effector molecules derived from suppressor cells. Some of them have now been shown to contain antigens coded by the I-J subregion of the MHC. The mechanism of their action and the target cell varies from system to system and is not yet well understood. PMID- 6239752 TI - Communicating with intubated patients. PMID- 6239753 TI - Double-blind parallel study of meptazinol versus diflunisal in the treatment of lumbago. AB - Seventy out-patients with acute back pain participated in a double-blind comparative trial of the clinical efficacy and tolerance of orally administered meptazinol and diflunisal. Half of the patients received 200 mg meptazinol or 250 mg diflunisal 4-times daily for up to 3 weeks, depending on the duration of pain. Patients were examined 4 times at 1-week intervals for their capability to do daily tasks, for their capacity for forward bending, thoraco-lumbar torsion, straight leg raising, static hip flexion and sit-ups, and for subjective assessment of pain. Side-effects were recorded on a questionnaire. Both treatments produced marked improvement in most of the parameters assessed, often within the first week and, overall, the results were similar with the two drugs. Few side-effects were reported and those that were recorded were slight and similar in incidence apart from nausea in 5 meptazinol-treated patients and smarting and burning on urination in 2 patients receiving diflunisal. PMID- 6239754 TI - Structure and function of normal fibrinogen. PMID- 6239755 TI - A one-year prospective study of low back trouble in a general population. The prognostic value of low back history and physical measurements. PMID- 6239756 TI - [Cooperation of the orthodontist and the pediatric dentist as shown in selected cases]. PMID- 6239757 TI - Special children--special gifts. PMID- 6239758 TI - New friends. PMID- 6239759 TI - Skin deep-fascia flap graft in infected vascular prosthesis. PMID- 6239761 TI - [Health-resort treatment of backache in the lumbosacral region without neurological symptoms]. PMID- 6239760 TI - Suppressor function in respiratory allergic diseases. Deficient concanavalin A induced suppressor cell activity in patients with bronchial asthma or allergic rhinitis. AB - Concanavalin A (Con A)-induced suppressor action against the proliferative response of autologous lymphocytes to phytohemagglutinin (PHA) was examined in the peripheral blood lymphocytes of 32 patients with bronchial asthma, 10 patients with allergic rhinitis and then compared with 12 simultaneously studied healthy normals. Twenty-two of 32 patients (68.8%) with bronchial asthma, 8 of 10 patients (80%) with allergic rhinitis demonstrated deficient Con-A-induced suppressor function. Abnormal suppressor cell functions could play an important role in the pathogenesis of respiratory allergic states. PMID- 6239763 TI - [Histochemical study of the gallstone matrix]. PMID- 6239762 TI - [Direct visualization of the pancreas by laparoscopy]. PMID- 6239764 TI - [Ocular abnormalities in trisomy 21 syndrome]. PMID- 6239765 TI - Acne today. PMID- 6239766 TI - [Contact allergy to tromantadine]. AB - Though infection with herpes simplex virus is one of the most common infections, there has not been causal topical treatment until now. Since 1973 tromantadine HCl (in the following briefly called tromantadine) has been offered as a topical virustatic agent. Only three years later, in 1976, there were the first reports of allergic contact dermatitis due to tromantadine. 19 patients with dermatitis after application of tromantadine ointment were patch-tested and in 14 of them a contact allergy to tromantadine was observed. In 119 patients who were patch tested because of various dermatoses, tromantadine and the gel base were patch tested additionally. Two positive reactions to the active substance and two to the gel base only were found. One of the latter patients also had a positive reaction to parabens. The results are discussed and compared with the results of other authors. PMID- 6239767 TI - [Phototherapy and medical monitoring]. PMID- 6239768 TI - [Diagnosis and management of ectopic pregnancy]. PMID- 6239769 TI - Potent immunosuppressive activity of guinea-pig chorionic gonadotrophin. PMID- 6239770 TI - [Effect of multiple injections of hepatic chalones on the multiplication of hepatoma 22a cells and the primary immune response in the body]. AB - The amount of dividing and DNA-synthesizing cells was investigated in 22a hepatoma after injection of hepatic chalones to mice every 6 hours. Chalones were proved to lower sharply these indices, 3-6 h later they reach minimal values and remain at the lower level during the whole period of the investigation (27 h). Despite a pronounced inhibitory effect in the proliferating cell population there is a tendency to rhythmic proliferative processes. After cessation of prolonged (8 days) injections of the preparation the level of cell proliferation restores only by the 48th h after the last injection and the lifetime of animals with the tumour becomes twice as long. The preparation used possesses no immune properties. PMID- 6239771 TI - [Monoclonal antibodies ICO-02 to blast cell antigens in patients with chronic myeloleukemia in blast crisis]. AB - Mice were immunized with blood cells of a patient with chronic granulocytic leukemia, and their cells were subsequently used for the preparation of hybridoma ICO-02. This hybridoma is continuously producing monoclonal antibodies which reacted with cells in 4 out of 13 patients with blastic crisis of chronic granulocytic leukemia and in 6 out of 38 patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Antibodies reacted with blast cells in 2 out of 3 patients with undifferentiated blastic crisis of chronic myelocytic leukemia and in 2 out of 5 patients with lymphoid variant of blastic crisis of chronic granulocytic leukemia. Cells of 6 patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia which reacted with the monoclonal antibodies had immunological markers of T lymphocytes bone marrow precursors. Monoclonal antibodies did not react with cells of blood and bone marrow from healthy people and from patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia, acute myeloblastic leukemia, acute myelomonocytic leukemia, acute monoblastic leukemia and lymphosarcoma. PMID- 6239773 TI - Subcellular distribution of carbonic anhydrase and Na+, K+- and HCO3--ATPases in brains of DBA and C57 mice. AB - DBA/2J mice are susceptible to audiogenic seizures (ASs) in an age-dependent manner, susceptibility being maximal at 21 days of age and declining thereafter. DBA, as compared with AS-resistant C57BL/6J (C57) mice, had higher carbonic anhydrase (CA) activity in cerebral cortex, brainstem, and cerebellum homogenates at 21 days of age. CA activity was also increased in cytosolic (82%), microsomal (167%), and myelin (68%) subcellular fractions from cerebral cortex, and in cytosolic (51%) and mitochondrial (102%) fractions from brainstem of DBA mice at 21 days of age. In addition, DBA mice had a higher Na+, K+-ATPase activity in myelin from cerebral cortex, and a lower HCO3--ATPase activity in mitochondria from brainstem. The differences in CA activity in the cerebral cortex and in HCO3 -ATPase were not present at 110 days of age, when DBA mice are no longer susceptible to ASs. Because CA and HCO3--ATPase are involved in maintaining a proper ionic environment for neuronal function, these data suggest that alterations in activity of these enzymes are related to the age-dependent changes in AS susceptibility in DBA mice. PMID- 6239772 TI - Liver biopsy guided by laparoscopic sonography. A case report demonstrating a new technique. AB - Laparoscopy sonography combined with a new puncture technique permits the performance of sonographically guided Menghini needle biopsy of focal lesions in the liver. The indications, procedure, and advantages of this biopsy method are demonstrated on the basis of a case report. PMID- 6239775 TI - Bronchoconstriction: a component of the 'diving response' in man. AB - We have investigated the possibility that a bronchoconstriction accompanies the vagally-mediated bradycardia induced in man by immersion of the face in cold water. Forced expiratory flows (FEF) at 40% and 25% of vital capacity (VC) have been measured from partial flow-volume curves obtained during forced expirations starting at 70% VC. These were performed immediately after 15 s apnoea with or without face immersion, and compared with control expirations having the same volume history but without the preceding apnoea. Five of the 10 subjects showed evidence of a greater than 10% reduction in FEF, which averaged 17% (Fig. 2). Half the response was attributable to the apnoea alone and the other half, which was abolished by ipratropium, to cold face immersion (Fig. 3). This bronchoconstriction appears to be a new component of the 'diving response' in man, mediated, like the bradycardia, by vagal efferents. PMID- 6239774 TI - 3-Methyladenine residues in DNA induce the SOS function sfiA in Escherichia coli. AB - The induction by methylating agents of the SOS function sfiA was measured by means of a sfiA::lac operon fusion in Escherichia coli mutants defective in alkylation repair. The sfiA operon was turned on at a 10-fold lower concentration of methylmethane sulfonate or dimethyl sulfate in tagA strains, lacking specific 3-methyladenine-DNA glycosylase, than in wild-type strains. In contrast, the induction of sfiA by u.v. light was not affected by a tagA mutation. We confirm that tagA strains specifically accumulate 3-methyladenine in their DNA. We conclude that the persistence of 3-methyladenine in E. coli DNA most likely induces the SOS functions. Results on in vitro DNA synthesis further suggest that this induction is due to an unscheduled arrest of DNA synthesis at this lesion. PMID- 6239776 TI - Influence of age on sacroiliac joint uptake ratios. PMID- 6239777 TI - Chorea and systemic lupus erythematosus. A critical review. AB - A critical analysis of 52 cases of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and chorea is presented. Choreatic movements occurred early in the course of the disease in most cases; the duration varied from several days to 3 years. No sex predominance was found and no relationship could be demonstrated between chorea and other neurological signs, or between chorea and other SLE manifestations. Also, the neuropathological findings offered no simple explanation for the emergence of chorea. Immunological pathomechanisms might be present. PMID- 6239778 TI - Naproxen and piroxicam. A comparative trial in rheumatoid arthritis. AB - A single-blind crossover trial in 60 patients with rheumatoid arthritis showed that piroxicam, 20 mg daily and naproxen, 500 mg twice daily were comparable in both efficacy and tolerance. PMID- 6239779 TI - Multicentre double-blind comparison of piroxicam and indomethacin in the treatment of lumbar diseases. AB - In a 2-week, double-blind, parallel, multicenter study, piroxicam (20 mg once daily) and indomethacin (25 mg three times daily) were compared in the treatment of painful lumbar disorders. A total of 230 patients were evaluated, 116 who received piroxicam and 114 who received indomethacin. While both drugs were highly effective in relieving symptoms, numerical superiority was evident for piroxicam in most efficacy parameters. The difference between treatments was most obvious at the end of the first week, when a greater percentage of patients receiving piroxicam was rated as 'very much improved'. No serious adverse reactions or clinical laboratory abnormalities were noted for either drug, although fewer gastrointestinal side effects were observed with piroxicam. PMID- 6239780 TI - Sixth Annual Report to Congress on the Implementation of Public Law 94-142: The Education for All Handicapped Children Act. U.S. Department of Education, 1984. PMID- 6239781 TI - The 1984 Annual Report to Congress: are we better off? PMID- 6239782 TI - The Department of Education's Sixth Annual Report to Congress on P.L. 94-142: is Congress getting the full story? PMID- 6239784 TI - Social skills and self-efficacy for exceptional children. PMID- 6239783 TI - How the courts have interpreted the related services mandate. PMID- 6239785 TI - Anticonflict effect of the putative serotonin receptor agonist 8-hydroxy-2-(di-n propylamino)tetralin (8-OH-DPAT). AB - The putative 5-HT agonist 8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin (8-OHDPAT) produced in rats an increase in the number of shocks accepted in a modified Vogel's conflict test design. Subchronic pretreatment with p-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA) similarly caused release of the punished behavior. This anticonflict effect of PCPA was antagonized by both 5-hydrotryptophan and 8-OH-DPAT. Thus in naive animals 8-OH-DPAT exerting anticonflict effects acted like a 5-HT antagonist, whereas in subchronically PCPA-pretreated animals with presumably supersensitive 5-HT receptors, 8-OH-DPAT decreasing the number of accepted shocks acted like a 5-HT agonist. PMID- 6239786 TI - Food intake reduction and immunologic alterations in mice fed dehydroepiandrosterone. AB - A diet containing 0.4% DHEA was fed to male mice of a long-lived strain from 3 weeks until 18 weeks of age. These mice were compared with others fed a control diet ad libitum and with mice pair-fed the control diet in amounts approximating the intake of the DHEA-fed group. Mice fed the DHEA diet failed to eat all of the food presented to them whereas the pair-fed mice ate all of their food. All mice were studied at 18 weeks of age for two age-sensitive immune parameters (spleen lymphocyte proliferation induced by T-cell mitogens [PHA or ConA] and natural killer cell lysis of an allogeneic tumor). DHEA feeding led to: 1) a decrease in food intake (approximately 30% less than for mice fed the control diet ad libitum), 2) a lower body weight at 18 weeks of age (approximately 40% lower than for ad libitum controls) due to a decrease in the body weight gained from 3 weeks through 18 weeks of age (approximately 55% lower than controls), 3) a lower spleen weight (approximately 30% lower than controls) but without lower numbers of nucleated cells per spleen, 4) an increase in PHA-induced proliferation by spleen lymphocytes (approximately 100% higher than for controls) and, 5) no influence on splenic natural killer cell activity. The inhibition of body weight gain for mice fed DHEA appeared due to both a reduction in food intake and a metabolic effect since mice eating DHEA gained less body weight per gram of food eaten than did mice in either group eating the control diet. PMID- 6239787 TI - Increased T-lymphocyte numbers in chronic granulocytic leukemia before treatment. AB - We measured the numbers of B- and T-lymphocytes in the peripheral blood of 40 patients with chronic granulocytic leukemia (CGL) at different stages in the chronic or stable phase of the disease. In untreated patients and in treated patients with relatively high leukocyte counts, T-cell numbers were increased: in the majority of cases this increase involved both "helper" (OKT4+) and "suppressor" (OKT8+) cells. B-cell numbers were normal. Patients whose leukocyte counts had been restored to normal by treatment with cytotoxic drugs had normal T cell numbers, but B-cell numbers were reduced in comparison with normal persons. We conclude that untreated CGL is usually associated with a T-cell lymphocytosis that can be reversed by chemotherapy. The excess of T-lymphocytes in the blood before treatment is probably an immunological response to the neoplastic proliferation, but the possibility that some T-lymphocytes might be involved in the malignant clone cannot be excluded. PMID- 6239788 TI - Photoregulation of some enzymes from Neurospora crassa. AB - Light-grown cultures of Neurospora crassa showed photoregulation of a number of enzymes. Proteases and cytosolic malate dehydrogenase showed an increase in activity. There was a decrease in the activity of mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase, isocitrate dehydrogenase and cytosolic glucose-6P-dehydrogenase, isocitrate dehydrogenase and isocitrate lyase. PMID- 6239789 TI - T cell and T cell subset determination in normal peripheral blood: comparison of the indirect immunofluorescence and lymphocytotoxicity techniques. AB - We compared a simple complement-dependent lymphocytotoxicity test with a widely used indirect immunofluorescence procedure to enumerate total T, T helper, and T suppressor lymphocytes in normal blood samples. Results with the two techniques were closely similar. PMID- 6239790 TI - Adrenergic activity as a modulating factor in the genesis of myocardial hypertrophy in the rat. AB - Sprague Dawley male rats (200-220 g) were subjected to a long-term treatment with low doses of catecholamines in an attempt to assess the effect of the adrenergic stimulation on ventricular weights, hemodynamics, and hydroxyproline content in the myocardium. Data are presented indicating that both exogenous catecholamines (i.e., isoproterenol) and endogenous catecholamines (released from tyramine) are able to bring about a degree of myocardial hypertrophy associated with a significant increase in the ventricular concentrations of hydroxyproline, without affecting hemodynamic parameters (blood pressures and heart rate). Thus the modulation of sympathetic tone in the genesis of cardiac hypertrophy is demonstrated, and a direct effect of the catecholamines on cardiac cells is postulated which is independent of hemodynamic changes. PMID- 6239791 TI - Characteristics of ATPase activity and the subunit composition of myosin in the conduction system of bovine heart. AB - The ATPase activity, light chains and isoenzymes of myosin from specialized myocardial tissue (the A-V node, bundle of His, and right and left bundle branches) of bovine heart were compared with those of atrial and ventricular myosins. The order of Ca2+-activated ATPase activity was atrial greater than specialized myocardial tissue greater than ventricular myosin. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed that myosin from the specialized myocardial tissue contained the light chains of both atrial and ventricular myosins. On the other hand, the specialized myocardial tissue contained one V3 isomyosin and showed no difference from ventricular myocardial tissue on pyrophosphate gel. PMID- 6239792 TI - [The School of Physiology of Leningrad University]. PMID- 6239794 TI - Understanding and managing the autistic child in the dental office. PMID- 6239793 TI - [Comparative characteristics of the mechanical activity of atria and ventricles]. AB - Differences between parameters of isometric and isotonic contractions of atria and ventricles were studied in warm-blooded and cold-blooded animals. The maximal shortening velocity of contractile element was determined from isometric contraction using a two-component Hill's model as well as from the strength velocity ratio. The atrial Vmax was about twice as high as that of ventricles. The rate constant of delayed activation in atrium was 10.6 +/- 0.4 s-1, in the rabbit ventricles 4.42 +/- 0.60 s-1. The data suggest differences of ATP hydrolysis velocity with actomyosin ATP-ase of atrium and ventricles. PMID- 6239795 TI - [Development of occupational eczema in agriculture in the district of Magdeburg since 1966. 1]. PMID- 6239796 TI - [Legal evaluation of occupation-induced dermatoses]. PMID- 6239797 TI - Paedodontics. 1. Isolation techniques. PMID- 6239799 TI - Physiological cost index of walking for normal children and its use as an indicator of physical handicap. AB - Seventy-two normal children aged between three and 12 years were assessed to establish their walking function. Speed of walking and heart rate were monitored continuously, both barefoot and in shoes, over eight consecutive lengths of a 25m walkway. Since heart rate is affected by speed, the physiological cost index (PCI)--which combines the two parameters--was calculated for each child, both barefoot and in shoes. Speed tends to increase and walking heart rate to decrease with age. However, resting heart rate also decreases with age, so the PCI has the same range for all ages. The mean PCI in shoes was 0.4 and barefoot was 0.38. The PCI for children with pathological gait is appreciably greater than that for normal children, so the PCI is a valuable quantitative indicator of the level of handicap. PMID- 6239798 TI - [Physiopathologic modifications in the myocardial levels of adenine nucleotides]. AB - When the equilibrium between energy production and utilization is disrupted in the myocardium, the metabolism of adenine nucleotides is greatly altered. The first alteration is a change in the degree of phosphorylation which induces alterations in the respective amounts of AMP, ADP and ATP. This change, in turn, creates an imbalance between synthesis and degradation of adenine nucleotides. As a consequence, the levels of AMP, ADP and ATP are not restored when physiological conditions are reestablished. The aim of this paper is to describe the alterations of adenine nucleotides which occur in physiopathological conditions (ischemia, hypertrophy) and to discuss the use of the levels of AMP, ADP and ATP as indicators of the metabolic state of the heart. Brief descriptions of the methods used for determinations of concentrations and of the processes of energy transfer and adenine nucleotide synthesis in the myocardium are given. PMID- 6239800 TI - Integrating disabled Canadians--are we ready? PMID- 6239802 TI - Left ventricular unloading with calcium antagonists. AB - Calcium channel blockers reduce the arterial smooth muscle tone and lower blood pressure. They may be regarded as left ventricular unloading agents. Left ventricular unloading efficacy of nifedipine (15 cases) and verapamil (14 cases) was tested in hypertensive decompensated patients, through one-month treatment period. Nifedipine persistently reduced systemic vascular resistance, mean arterial pressure, mean pulmonary wedge pressure and left ventricular diastolic diameter and improved cardiac index and velocity of circumferential fiber shortening. All of the patients had relief from dyspnea and reduction in heart size. The only side effect was ankle edema in 6 cases. Verapamil reduced systemic vascular resistance and mean arterial pressure and was not effective on mean pulmonary wedge pressure, left ventricular diastolic diameter and velocity circumferential fiber shortening. The drug was discontinued in 2 patients who developed severe dyspnea at rest after a 3-4 day continued oral treatment. Clinical symptoms and signs did not improve in the remaining subjects despite persistent pressure reduction. A less potent vasodilating action of verapamil and a prominent depression in cardiac contractility may account for the different results with the two compounds, in spite of a shared vasodilating antihypertensive effect. These findings prove that functional changes in the failing hypertensive heart may differ from one calcium blocker to another as a result of interaction and relative preponderance of influences on afterload and contractility. PMID- 6239801 TI - [Severe neonatal cardiac insufficiency due to arteriovenous fistula of the vein of Galen]. AB - The cerebral arteriovenous fistula is a rare cause of neonatal cardiac failure. We have recently observed three cases of severe cardiac failure associated with an arterio-venous malformation of the vein of Galen. At echocardiography and angiography the right cardiac chambers were seen to be more enlarged than the left ones. This may have resulted to some extent from an insufficient right-to left shunt during foetal life due to a relatively small foramen ovale confronting an increased systemic venous return. Two of the neonates were operated upon and one survived. Based on our experience and on a review of the literature we feel that the diagnostic clues are: 1) severe cardiac enlargement; 2) a vascular bruit on the head; 3) hyperpulsatile neck vessels, sometimes with small peripheral pulses. PMID- 6239803 TI - Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. Critical assessment of preliminary results. AB - Since June 1981 until July 1983, 40 percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty procedures in 38 patients have been performed. Results in the whole series are as follows: stenosis crossed in 33 patients (83%); balloon inflation done in 31 (78%), not done in 2 due to clinical instability induced by crossing of the stenosis; successful dilatation obtained in 25 patients (63%); emergency bypass surgery in 6 patients (15%) with 2 perioperative myocardial infarctions; no deaths. The whole series can be subdivided in two groups by the following parameters: premedication by nitrates (A) or by verapamil (B); temporal concentration of the procedures: 1/month up to February 83 (A), 3.7/month thereafter (B). Results are different in the two groups: 21 attempts in 21 patients: stenosis crossed in 14 cases (67%), balloon inflated in 12 (57%), successful dilatation obtained in 8 patients (38%), emergency bypass in 5 patients (24%). 19 attempts in 17 patients (2 vessel angioplasty in 2 patients): stenosis crossed and balloon inflated in 19 (100%), successful dilatation in 17 cases (89%), uncomplicated emergency bypass in 1 patient (5%). On the basis of personal more recent results an optimistic attitude towards the percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty is justified. PMID- 6239804 TI - [Study of a group of subjects occupationally exposed to tartaric acid]. AB - The Authors report the results of an investigation carried out in a factory producing tartaric acid in order to evaluate the effects of occupational exposure to this substance. A group of 44 subjects exposed to the acid and a group of 30 subjects not exposed, as a means of control, were submitted to anamnestic questionnaire, othorinolaringoyatric examination, spirometry, bronchodilatation test with salbutamol. Our data show a higher prevalence of oropharyngeal and cutaneous lesions in the exposed subjects, while no difference between the two groups was found for dental, bronchial and gastric lesions. PMID- 6239805 TI - Histochemical study of the fetal membranes in the human term pregnancy. AB - The histochemical distribution of polysaccharides and proteins was studied in the human fetal membranes from term pregnancies. The neutral polysaccharide reactions were stronger in the trophoblast layer of the chorion and in the decidua, whereas the acid mucopolysaccharides were equally intense in the connective layers and in the decidua. The protein reactions were always stronger in the decidua. It was demonstrated the existence of a cover of acid mucopolysaccharides over the apical surface of the amniotic epithelium. The possible participation of this cover in water and electrolytes transfer is discussed. PMID- 6239806 TI - [Plasma concentrations of aldosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone in leukemia patients]. PMID- 6239807 TI - Effect of short-term bile duct ligation on peripheral blood steroids, urinary PGE2 and the rate of sodium excretion in male rabbits. AB - Short-term bile duct ligation in male rabbits resulted in a significant reduction in the rate of sodium excretion after saline challenge (10 ml/kg/hr for 4 hr, P less than 0.03). The reduction in the sodium excretory rate (14.3 +/- 7.8 to 6.3 +/- 5 mu-equiv/min, P less than 0.03) was associated with an increased urinary PGE2 excretion (200.9 +/- 174 to 731.8 +/- 1039.8 pg/min, P less than 0.01) without significant change in serum aldosterone and cortisol concentrations. Serum progesterone concentration increased (37.2 +/- 15.6 to 119.2 +/- 34.6 ng/dl, P less than 0.01) whereas serum 17-hydroxyprogesterone concentration declined after bile duct ligation suggesting the development of a 17-hydroxylase enzymatic block. PMID- 6239808 TI - Alteration of Cl- transport in erythrocytes from patients with Huntington's disease. AB - Rate constants for Cl- transport across erythrocyte membranes were measured in experiments performed simultaneously on normal erythrocytes (control) and erythrocytes from patients with Huntington's disease (HD). The rate constants were observed to decrease in HD cells during aging in vitro from 12% higher to lower than normal values. Young HD cells, separated from blood, quickly decreased their permeability for anions by about 30%, while old cells seemed to increase it. Rate constants in control erythrocytes remained steady and equal in both fractions. A hypothesis has been proposed that there might be two populations of erythrocytes in HD blood, one abnormal, characterized by an initially high anion permeability, which decreases significantly during the cell life. A theoretical analysis of the results has suggested that the abnormal fraction of erythrocytes in HD blood may be associated with an increased population of stomatocytes observed by electron microscopy. PMID- 6239809 TI - Coupling with packaging explains apparent nonreciprocality of Chi-stimulated recombination of bacteriophage lambda by RecA and RecBC functions. AB - Chi (chi, 5'-GCTGGTGG) is a recombinator in RecA- and RecBC-mediated recombination in Escherichia coli. In vegetative recombination between two bacteriophage lambda strains, one with and the other without Chi (a+ chi +b- X a- chi 0b+), the chi-containing recombinant (a- chi +b-) is less abundant than the non-chi-containing recombinant (a+ chi 0b+). Previously this was taken was evidence for nonreciprocality of chi-stimulated exchange. This inequality, however, is now seen to result from an event at cos (lambda's packaging origin) that both activates Chi and initiates DNA packaging. An event at rightward cos leads to activation of leftward chi on the same chromosome for an exchange to its left. From the resulting circulating dimer (--cos-a+- chi 0-b+-cos-a-- chi +-b- - ), the cos that activated chi is more likely to be used for rightward packaging initiation than is the cos from the other parent. Consistent with this coupling model is "biased packaging" in lambda carrying two cos sites per monomer genome. When their maturation is dependent on dimerization by chi-stimulated exchange, the phage particles result more often from packaging from the cos that activates chi than from packaging from the other cos. Since Chi activation and packaging can be uncoupled, we infer that some early and reversible step in packaging activates chi. A strong candidate for this step is a double-strand break at cos that provides an oriented entry site for a recombinase. PMID- 6239811 TI - [Intra-arterial chemotherapy for the treatment of liver metastases using an implantable pump]. PMID- 6239812 TI - [Sports for the disabled and the rehabilitation physician]. PMID- 6239810 TI - Does Chi give or take? AB - In lytic cycle crosses with Red-Gam-lambda phage, particles were examined that had undergone an Int-mediated exchange. It was assumed that this exchange dimerized the circular lambda, making it packageable. Among these Int-mediated recombinants, particles were identified that had, in addition, enjoyed a close double exchange mediated by the RecBC pathway. Such close double exchanges indicate localized negative interference and are analogous to eukaryotic conversions that have retained parental configuration of flanking markers. These events are stimulated by Chi, a recombinator specific to the RecBC pathway. When Chi is present in only one parent in the cross, the complementary double exchange recombinants are Chi stimulated to the same degree. This behavior of Chi contrasts with that of characterized eukaryotic recombinators. PMID- 6239813 TI - [Pharmacological studies of FUT-175, nafamstat mesilate. III. Anti-inflammatory activities of FUT-175]. AB - Anti-inflammatory effects of FUT-175 (nafamstat mesilate), a new synthetic serine protease inhibitor, on various types of experimental inflammation were investigated in vivo and in vitro, in comparison with non-steroidal anti inflammatory drugs (NSAID). The in vivo studies showed that FUT-175 has the abilities to inhibit almost all types of inflammatory reactions employed in the present study. In particular, being evaluated on the basis of the effect of indomethacin, FUT-175 exhibited relatively higher potencies against some reactions such as zymosan-induced increase of vascular permeability, scald paw edema, zymosan-induced granuloma-pouch, the Arthus reaction and acetic acid induced writhing in which the complement system or the kallikrein-kinin system are considered to play an important role. The in vitro studies showed that FUT 175 is quite different from NSAID, that is, FUT-175 had no effects on heat induced erythrocyte-lysis and heat-induced denaturation of bovine serum albumin. FUT-175 also had no effect on chemotaxis of polymorphonuclear leucocytes, but inhibited the production of chemotactic factor by antigen-antibody reaction. These above results suggested that FUT-175 has a different mode of action from NSAID and that serine protease inhibiting activities of this compound might play an important role in its anti-inflammatory effect. PMID- 6239814 TI - Left ventricular mass, volume and biopsy analysis in prediction of ventricular function after surgery for chronic aortic regurgitation. AB - The serial application of electrocardiography and echocardiography to 67 selected patients undergoing valve replacement for chronic severe aortic regurgitation, documented regression of hypertrophy and chamber size within six to twelve months of surgery in all cases experiencing haemodynamic improvement. Those patients who had persistently increased patterns of myocardial hypertrophy and abnormal end diastolic dimensions in the presence of normal prosthetic (homograft) function usually had persistent, irreversibly depressed myocardial function postoperatively. Preoperative noninvasive and angiographic characteristics could not predict ventricular function after surgery. Thus we could not precisely define what level of depressed ventricular performance or what degree of dilatation and myocardial hypertrophy constituted an irreversible state from this data. Although operative factors such as myocardial protection during cardiopulmonary bypass may influence postoperative cardiac performance, preoperative histological and histochemical data was useful in delineating irreversible morphological and function changes contributing to a depressed cardiac function, and therefore may be of prognostic importance. PMID- 6239815 TI - Nonrandom distribution of methotrexate-induced aberrations on human chromosomes. Detection of further folic acid sensitive fragile sites. AB - Eleven folic acid sensitive fragile sites (3p14, 7p13, 7q31.1, 7q32, 9q32, 11p13, 14q23, 15q22, 16q23, Xp22.2, Xq22) were detected in one individual, eight of them previously unknown. These sites seem to bear each its specific sensitivity to folic acid deficiency. Six of the sites were observed simultaneously on both homologous chromosomes in at least one cell. Each of these 11 sites was also found in at least one among 12 individuals further examined. Some of these individuals showed six of these 11 sites. The fragile site 3p14 was detected in all individuals examined. The homologous sites 3p14 of one individual differed from each other in their frequency of lesions induced by methotrexate as well as fluorodeoxyuridine. This observation suggests that folic acid sensitivity is a property inherent in the chromatin of an individual chromosome at the site involved in fragility. This property seems to be responsible for the nonrandom fragility at that site and also for the individual sensitivity of each chromosomal site. PMID- 6239816 TI - Spindle microtubular dysfunction in mothers of Down syndrome children. AB - Trisomy 21, Down syndrome, is more prevalent in the children of older mothers and thus theories relating to its induction have suggested alterations in reproductive physiology, sexual performance, or accumulated errors as explanations. Such theories largely neglect observations demonstrating mitotic errors in the parents and families of children with Down syndrome, which suggest that a mechanism of chromosome error, basic to both mitosis and meiosis, may exist in Down syndrome parents. This paper describes such a mechanism of error and concludes that Down syndrome parents may have a condition of microtubular dysfunction which contributes to an increased rate of hyperploidy in all their dividing cells. It is suggested that sporadic microtubular dysfunction may occasionally be induced in otherwise "non-susceptible" individuals. PMID- 6239817 TI - Population studies on human phosphoglucomutase-1 thermostability polymorphism. AB - The electrophoretic and thermostability polymorphisms of the PGM1 locus were examined in about 700 Czechoslovakians (Prague) and 3000 Italians. The Italian sample consisted of individuals from Pavia (Northern Italy), Viareggio and Rome (Central Italy) and Naples (Southern Italy). The eight PGM1 alleles, PGM1Str1, PGM1Sts1, PGM1Ftr1, PGM1Fts1, PGM2Str1, PGM2Sts1, PGM2Ftr1, PGM2Fts1, have been considered as combinations of mutations at three different sites, 1/2, S/F and tr/ts, within the PGM1 gene and their frequencies discussed in terms of linkage disequilibrium between these sites. All pairwise differences between the samples were significant except for Pavia-Viareggio and Viareggio-Rome. The frequencies of the PGMts1 alleles have been found to range from 0.0981 (Prague) to 0.0546 (Naples) and can be ordered according to a North-South cline. PMID- 6239818 TI - Confirmation of the assignment of the gene coding for the BA-2 antigen to human chromosome 12. PMID- 6239819 TI - Clinical decision making in the dental treatment of the elderly. PMID- 6239820 TI - Cell surface structures involved in T cell activation. AB - We have discussed four specific models which provide different kinds of information about the requirements for T cell activation. The first utilized a CTL clone designated L3, which is reactive specifically with Ld alloantigen, to study the involvement of the associative recognition structure Lyt-2 in cytolysis. The apparent requirements for activation of this CTL clone differ depending on whether the target cells bear specific alloantigen or are hybridoma cells which express on their cell surface a clonotypic antibody which reacts specifically with the L3 T cell receptor for antigen. When the antigen receptor reacts with alloantigen on the allogeneic target cell, cytolysis is inhibited by anti-Lyt-2 antibody. However, when the clonotypic antibody of the target cell reacts with the antigen receptor of the T cell, cytolysis is much less inhibited by anti-Lyt-2 antibody. The antigen receptor seems to be responsible for the specificity of both these interactions but the avidity of the interaction between CTL and target cell seems to differ in the two situations. Evidence that participation of the L3T4 associative recognition structure on HTL is less important for cloned T cells which have higher affinity antigen receptors was provided by the second model system which used cloned HTL selected for optimal responses to different concentrations of nominal antigen. Proliferative responses of those clones which responded to lower antigen concentrations were less readily inhibited by anti-L3T4 mAb. Evidence provided by these two model systems is consistent with the concept that associative recognition structures are of lesser importance for T cell activation for those T cells which have higher affinity antigen receptors. In the third model system, we have identified several monoclonal antibodies which augment proliferative response of cloned T cells to sub-optimal amounts of IL-2, probably by reacting with the antigen receptor or with the associated Leu-4/T3 structure. The reactivity patterns of these antibodies indicate that several different epitopes are being recognized. Some appear to be clonotypic although they do not block functional activity of the clone with which they react. Others react with all T clones which we have tested. Several of these react with a cell surface antigen which is expressed at about the same level as the clonotypic structures: these antibodies may react with the murine equivalent of the human Leu-4/T3 molecular complex. One of the "pan-T cell" antibodies which augments IL-2-induced T cell proliferation appears to react with Thy-1; this antibody is similar to one described recently by Gunter et al. (1984).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) PMID- 6239822 TI - Role of testosterone and its analogs in ascorbic acid metabolism in castrated rats. PMID- 6239821 TI - [Clinical study of betamethasone dipropionate and iodochloroxyquinoline combination in the treatment of some dermatoses]. PMID- 6239823 TI - Angiofollicular lymph node hyperplasia (a case report with autopsy findings). PMID- 6239824 TI - Linkage disequilibrium of HLA-SB1 with the HLA-A1, B8, DR3, SCO1 and of HLA-SB4 with the HLA-A26, Bw38, Dw10, DR4, SC21 extended haplotypes. AB - Homozygous typing cells from 13 normal HLA-A1, B8, Dw3, DR3 and five normal HLA A26, Bw38, Dw10, DR4 individuals were typed for the following markers: HLA-SB, MB, MT; complement proteins BF, C2, C4A, C4B; and GLO. Ninety-one percent of A1, B8, Dw3, DR3 homozygous individuals (HI) tested were homozygous for BF*S, C2*C, C4A*QO, and C4B*1 (SCO1 complotype), which indicates that the SCO1 complotype is in linkage disequilibrium with the A1, B8, DR3 haplotype in randomly selected normal populations. Sixty-seven percent of HLA-A1, B8, Dw3, DR3, SCO1 positive HI also expressed SB1; since the frequency of SB1 in random Caucasian populations is 11.2%, this finding indicates that SB1 is in linkage disequilibrium with the A1, B8, DR3, SCO1 extended haplotype. All HI with the A26, Bw38, Dw10, DR4 haplotype were homozygous for both SC21 and SB4, suggesting that SC21 and SB4 should be included in the A26, Bw38, Dw10, DR4 extended haplotype. On the other hand, neither of the GLO markers were found in association with either haplotype. The results of this study indicate that HLA-SB is included in some extended haplotypes and may be important in these markers for diseases such as insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. This study also demonstrated an apparent influence of HLA-SB on primary mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC) responses. The mean relative response of primary MLCs between individuals matched for HLA-A, B, D, DR, MB and MT but not SB was 40% of that for the MLCs with mismatched HLA-D, significantly higher than the MLCs matched for all HLA and complotypes. PMID- 6239825 TI - Percutaneous lung biopsy in mitral valve disease. PMID- 6239826 TI - Trisomy 21q: 46,XX,21s+/47,XX,+21q-(q22----qter) mosaicism (de novo) in a Down syndrome child. PMID- 6239827 TI - Effect of vibration on red cell metabolism. AB - In investigating the influence of vibrational energy on the metabolism of the erythrocyte, it was hypothesized that under conditions of normal PaO2 and SaO2 in arterial blood, vibration induced vasoconstriction would decrease local blood flow and induce hypokinetic hypoxia. This decreased blood flow and therefore decreased delivery of oxygen to the tissue would markedly lower tissue PO2 (hypokinetic hypoxia), which would influence the energetics and metabolism of the erythrocyte. The metabolism of the red blood cell (RBC) was evaluated by measuring the enzymatic activities of PFK (2.7.1.11), PGI (5.3.1.9), PK (2.7.1.40), and aldolase (4.1.3.13) from the anaerobic glycolytic cycle and D-G-6 P (1.1.1.49) from the pentose cycle. Also measured were the levels of ATP and 2,3 DPG and the in-vitro production of lactic acid. In the group of workers showing early changes (vibration angioneurosis) associated with the vibration syndrome, changes in RBC metabolism were demonstrated. Statistically significant were increases of PFK, PK and the production of lactic acid, indicating the activation of anaerobic glycolysis. Furthermore statistically significant were the increased 2,3 DPG and decreased ATP levels. PMID- 6239828 TI - Anesthesia, sedation, and the chest wall. PMID- 6239829 TI - Factors influencing the control of breathing. PMID- 6239830 TI - The effect of an 1100 km run on testicular, adrenal and thyroid hormones. AB - Although endocrine effects of physical or psychological stress are well documented, it is not known to what extent adaptation to prolonged exertion occurs. We therefore investigated the impact of an 1100 km run of 20 days' duration on selected pituitary, testicular, adrenal and thyroid hormones. Blood samples were obtained from five male athletes prior to and after the day's run on the 1st, 5th, 9th, 14th and 19th day. Results show that adrenal and thyroid function soon adapt to the daily strain. Testosterone levels, however, were markedly decreased throughout the 20 days while LH levels remained unchanged. Thus it appears that the reproductive endocrine system is more susceptible to long-term stress effects than the more vital functions of the thyroid and adrenal glands. PMID- 6239832 TI - Some subjective and objective prerequisites to educational integration of handicapped children. AB - The success of educational integration of handicapped children is dependent upon, inter alia, the attitudes of social groups involved in the integration (subjective prerequisites) and from certain characteristics of the schools in which they are being integrated (objective prerequisites). In the latter case, an investigation was carried out on the attitudes of teachers at regular and special schools, of handicapped and non-handicapped school-children and the parents of both samples of children by means of the Lickert-type questionnaires, and the data processed by means of the multivariate analysis method. In the case of regular school teachers, an analysis was made also of the relationship between their concept of integration and their attitude towards the educational role of the school as an institution and towards their socioeconomic status. The objective prerequisites of integration were estimated by investigating in loco the conditions in regular schools, and through interviews with the responsible school staff. The factor analysis of the random samples investigated enabled factors to be extracted which, in respect to the integration, proved to be favorable to unfavorable. Some of these factors are of a general nature, in the sense that they refer to all the children, whereas other factors are specific, i. e. they refer to the type of disability. An examination of the objective prerequisites of integration produced findings which could lead to a suitable policy in preparing objective conditions for integration. The whole of this investigation was carried out within the framework of a research project of the Faculty of Defectology in Zagreb, lead by Prof. Dr. Franjo Tonkovic. PMID- 6239831 TI - Synergistic effect of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (NAG) on mitogenic, antigenic and allogeneic stimulation of normal human lymphocytes. AB - The effect of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (NAG) on in vitro stimulated human peripheral blood lymphocytes was investigated. NAG was added to lymphocyte cultures stimulated by the mitogen PHA, the antigen PPD or to one-way-stimulated mixed lymphocyte cultures from unrelated donors. The results indicate that NAG (1 2 micrograms/ml) in appropriate experimental conditions has an enhancing effect on DNA and protein synthesis induced by PHA, PPD and allogeneic cells. Addition of NAG (1-2 micrograms/ml) to unstimulated lymphocyte cultures had no effect on DNA or protein synthesis. PMID- 6239833 TI - An evaluation of the referral and rehabilitation process among the minority handicapped. AB - This study examines factors believed to be predictive of the referral and rehabilitation process in this country. Using the Fiscal Year 1978 data from the Rehabilitation Services Administration, the study examines two general hypotheses found in the literature: (1) that minority status is likely to be a key determinant in the referral and rehabilitation process, and (2) that selected socio-demographic factors along with social supports and disability condition are likely to reveal direct influences on the referral and rehabilitation process. Multiple regression was used for the analysis. The analysis of the study revealed that the independent variables, for the most part, had either a direct or indirect effect on the outcome of referral and rehabilitation. More specifically, the results suggest that bias exist in the referral and rehabilitation process. PMID- 6239834 TI - [A 57-year-old patient with refractory hypertension and chest pain]. PMID- 6239835 TI - Menogaril: a new anthracycline agent entering clinical trials. AB - Menogaril [menogarol, 7(R)-O-methylnogarol, 7-OMEN] is a new anthracycline agent which was chosen for clinical trials based on: broad spectrum activity against a panel of murine tumors, lower cardiotoxicity than doxorubicin in the chronic rabbit model, differences in biochemical effects from other anthracyclines suggesting a possible difference in mechanism of action, murine antitumor activity by oral as well as parenteral routes. Biochemical studies indicated that, in comparison to doxorubicin, menogaril is bound weakly to DNA, inhibits RNA synthesis less, and has different cell cycle phase-specific cytotoxicity. Pharmacology studies in the mouse and dog using HPLC analytical methodology have shown multiexponential clearance from plasma and metabolism of menogaril to a material which co-chromatographs with N-demethylmenogaril in addition to at least two other metabolites of unknown structure. Oral bioavailability studies in the mouse showed significant absorption of menogaril from the gastrointestinal tract followed by first-pass metabolism. In acute toxicity studies in the rat, the dog, and the monkey, dose-related myelosuppression and gastrointestinal toxicity predominated. Phase I clinical trails on menogaril are currently in progress on a variety of schedules. PMID- 6239836 TI - Chlorozotocin: results in colorectal carcinoma treated with high and low doses. A Southwest Oncology Group study. AB - Clorozotocin was evaluated in patients with advanced colorectal cancer at 225 mg/m2 every six weeks in 14 patients with no prior treatment, at 200 mg/m2 in 43 patients with normal tolerance of prior chemotherapy, and at 100 mg/m2 in 38 patients with extensive or poorly tolerated prior therapy. Median survival for the respective groups was 192, 107 and 79 days; these differences are best explained as a function of performance status. Partial response was reported for one patient, 15 had disease stabilization and two had improvement short of partial remission. Myelotoxicity was acceptable at all doses, with thrombocytopenia being dose limiting at 225 mg/m2. Four patients developed azotemia during or after chlorozotocin treatment. Chlorozotocin has minimal activity against colorectal carcinomas and no dose-response relationship is evident. PMID- 6239837 TI - The effect of pulmonic and aortic constriction on regional left ventricular thickening dynamics, geometry and the radius of septal curvature. Analysis by gated computed transmission tomography. AB - We evaluated the effects of aortic and pulmonic constriction on cross-sectional cardiac dynamics using prospectively gated computed transmission tomography (CT) in six dogs in order to evaluate 1) the effect of altering the end-diastolic trans-septal pressure gradient on the radius of septal curvature, and 2) the effect of right ventricular overload on regional left ventricular geometry and wall thickening dynamics. Cross-sectional CT data were obtained in a control state, at two incrementally higher levels of right ventricular end-diastolic pressure produced by constriction of the pulmonary artery (PA1 and PA2) and then at one higher level of left ventricular end-diastolic pressure resulting from acute aortic constriction (Ao). Using fluid-filled polyethylene catheters, we measured right and left ventricular pressures simultaneous with the image acquisition. The measured radius of septal curvature was then normalized by the calculated average radius derived from the left ventricular area at end-diastole. The end-diastolic radius of septal curvature ratio increased as delta [LVEDP RVEDP] declined (from 1.03 +/- 0.13 at control; 1.20 +/- 0.18 PA2; 1.27 +/- 0.14 PA2 and 0.87 +/- 0.11 Ao). As this LVEDP-RVEDP gradient declined (ie, RVEDP increased in proportion to LVEDP) septal wall thickening declined (P less than 0.005), with significantly less change in left ventricular anterior or lateral wall thickening. With PA hypertension, LV end-diastolic volume and percent delta volume significantly declined (P less than 0.005) while RV end-diastolic volume increased. With PA pressure overload, septum-free wall distance declined (P less than 0.01) as did percent shortening along this dimension (P less than 0.01). We conclude that predictable changes in LV and RV dynamics occur when trans-septal pressure gradients change.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID- 6239840 TI - Prevalence of young chronically sick persons with appreciable disability living in a Scottish community. A survey of general practitioners. PMID- 6239839 TI - Niridazole-mediated modulation of suppressor cells in Wistar rats. AB - The antischistosomal drug niridazole has been shown to inhibit inductive (Vadas and Bernard, 1981) as well as effector phases of delayed hypersensitivity (Sainis et al., 1983). Furthermore, it also abrogates help for delayed hypersensitivity in antigen-primed animals (Sainis et al., 1983). The effect of this drug on antigen-induced suppression was examined in the present studies. Profound suppression of delayed hypersensitivity to sheep erythrocytes was obtained in Wistar rats given 10(8) erythrocytes (i.v.) 6 days before the immunizing dose (2 x 10(9) erythrocytes, i.p.). When these rats were orally administered niridazole (50 mg/kg) 7 days before the tolerising dose of antigen, suppression of delayed hypersensitivity was not obtained. Splenic lymphocytes of rats given the tolerising dose 6 days earlier adoptively transferred the suppression to inbred recipients. Treatment of these afferent suppressor cells with sera from niridazole-treated unimmunized rats abrogated their function. Likewise, the efferent suppressor cells obtained from fully tolerised rats did not suppress the delayed hypersensitivity when co-transferred with immune lymphocytes, if they were pretreated with niridazole-active serum. The metabolite of niridazole present in this serum seems to impair the suppressor cells functionally. Niridazole may thus prove to be a versatile immunomodulator for effector, helper and suppressor T-cells. PMID- 6239838 TI - Changes in renal uptake of Tc-99m methylene diphosphonate (MDP) in stone-forming rats. AB - A pyridoxine (vitamin B6)-deficient diet in rats was used as a model of early renal lithiasis to find out if "stone-formers" could be identified from control animals by differences in the biodistribution of Tc-99m MDP. The mean renal uptake of this agent at 3 hours was about 70% higher in test animals than in controls, but there was considerable overlap between the upper limits of the normal range and lower values in "stone-formers." If these results were valid for humans, the metabolic abnormality in males with early stone-forming disease could not be identified with certainty by in vivo measurements of Tc-99m MDP renal uptake alone. However, the skeletal uptake of MDP in the "stone-forming" animals was depressed by 28 to 35%, compared with control rats. Consequently, the renal to skeletal MDP concentration ratio was invariably elevated in "stone-formers" beyond the 95 percentile normal range. Unexpectedly, 76% of the pyridoxine deficient animals had a higher accumulation of MDP in the myocardium than the upper limit of the normal range. The pyridoxine-deficient diet induced no remarkable early changes in the biodistribution or renal clearance of I-131 Hippuran. PMID- 6239842 TI - Experience in percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) for renovascular hypertension. PMID- 6239841 TI - Studies of immunosuppressive effect of anti-recipient alloantiserum. II. Effect on in vitro MLR and CML. PMID- 6239843 TI - Identification of fiber types in rat skeletal muscle based on the sensitivity of myofibrillar actomyosin ATPase to copper. AB - Experiments are reported demonstrating that differential rates of inactivation of the histochemical staining for myofibrillar actomyosin ATPase in rat skeletal muscle fibers exist following inclusion of low concentrations of Cu2+ in the preincubation medium. This response of rat muscle occurs at near neutral (7.40), acid (4.60), and alkaline (10.30) pH. The response to Cu2+ appears to result from a binding of Cu2+ onto the myofibrillar complex, probably on myosin itself, as it can be reversed by soaking of the pretreated muscle sections in sodium cyanide or the Cu2+ chelator diethyldithiocarbamate. The pattern of modification of the staining pattern following pretreatment with Cu2+ is the mirror image of that produced by pretreatment with acid. The results demonstrate that the inclusion of Cu2+ in the preincubation media for the myofibrillar actomyosin ATPase can be a useful tool to differentiate fiber types. They also support the earlier conclusion that three distinct types of type II fibers can be identified in rat skeletal muscle based on the histochemical staining for myofibrillar actomyosin ATPase. PMID- 6239844 TI - Functional characterization of human alloreactive T cell clones. AB - We have investigated the functional activity of alloreactive T cell clones, generated by limiting dilutions of MLC blasts. Clones displaying helper, suppressor, or cytotoxic functions (against Class I or Class II HLA antigens) were identified, using proliferative, 51Cr-release, and hemolytique-plaque induction assays. To determine whether functionally distinct clones share determinants that trigger the AMLC reaction we have tested the capacity of selected clones to cross-stimulate each other in secondary AMLC. Our data suggest that AMLC stimulatory determinants are related to common structure antigens of the T cell receptor for alloantigen, since helper clones, for example, (TLC #19) can induce memory responses to suppressor (TLC #209) as well as cytotoxic (TLC #207) clones and vice versa. The AMLC system seems well suited for studying network regulations within the T cell compartment. PMID- 6239845 TI - Cloned human T cells synthesize Ia molecules and can function as antigen presenting cells. AB - TNP-specific proliferative cloned human T cell lines were investigated for their synthesis and cell surface expression of HLA-DR molecules and for their capacity to function as antigen presenting cells. Utilizing radioactive amino acid precursors for metabolic labeling, these studies demonstrated endogenous synthesis of HLA-DR molecules by cloned T cells, which by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis were similar to HLA-DR molecules expressed by B cells and monocytes. Moreover, when TNP-modified, the irradiated cloned T cells functioned very effectively to stimulate TNP-specific proliferation by cloned responders; when unmodified they were potent stimulators of allogeneic mixed leukocyte responses. Thus, for haptens covalently attached to cell membrane proteins and for allogeneic HLA antigens, Ia+ cloned T cells can function as effectively for antigen presentation and T cell activation as other Ia+ populations to which such properties have been ascribed. PMID- 6239846 TI - Clinical assessment of the social support of families with handicapped children. PMID- 6239847 TI - Hemodynamic and metabolic effects of exercise in Crotalaria-induced pulmonary hypertension in rats. AB - The hemodynamic and metabolic effects of exercise were measured in Crotalaria induced pulmonary hypertension in rats. The Crotalaria group had increased preexercise heart rate, mean pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP), arteriovenous O2 content difference, right ventricular work index (RVWI), and total pulmonary vascular resistance index (TPVRI) and decreased mean systemic blood pressure (BP), arterial O2 content (CaO2), venous O2 content (CvO2), cardiac index (CI), stroke volume index (SVI), and left ventricular work index (LVWI). The Crotalaria group during exercise had increased PAP, RVWI, TPVRI, and total systemic vascular resistance index and decreased BP, O2 consumption, CaO2, CvO2, CI, SVI, LVWI, O2 pulse index, and exercise duration. It is hypothesized that abnormal right ventricular function was a primary factor in the reduced exercise tolerance of the Crotalaria group. PMID- 6239848 TI - Dracunculus insignis in fishers in New Hampshire. PMID- 6239849 TI - Cor pulmonale and cardiac failure in a skunk. PMID- 6239850 TI - Studies on the biosynthesis of bialaphos (SF-1293). 4. Production of phosphonic acid derivatives, 2-hydroxyethylphosphonic acid, hydroxymethylphosphonic acid and phosphonoformic acid by blocked mutants of Streptomyces hygroscopicus SF-1293 and their roles in the biosynthesis of bialaphos. PMID- 6239851 TI - Immunosuppressive effect of uterine secretory protein from Angus and Brahman cows upon lymphocytes in vitro. AB - Uterine luminal protein collected on d 17 (estrus = d 0) from Angus (n = 20) and Brahman (n = 19) cows of varying reproductive status was evaluated for immunosuppressive activity in vitro. Reproductive status consisted of the following categories: nonpregnant (uterine flushing was devoid of embryonic material); remnant (uterine flushing contained obvious degenerative fragments of embryonic tissue) and pregnant (uterine flushing contained an intact conceptus). Uterine protein was tested for suppressor activity in both phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC) systems. Incorporation of [3H]-thymidine into 1 X 10(6) Angus or Brahman lymphocytes for PHA cultures and 5 X 10(5) lymphocytes from each breed for MLC experiments served as the index for lymphocyte blastogenesis. For all experiments, uterine luminal protein from nonpregnant, remnant and pregnant Angus and Brahman cows suppressed (P less than .01) lymphocyte blastogenesis for Angus and Brahman lymphocytes, respectively. In two lymphocyte-uterine protein specificity experiments containing PHA, uterine protein from Angus cows suppressed (P less than .01) blastogenesis of Brahman lymphocytes and uterine protein from Brahman cows suppressed (P less than .01) blastogenesis of Angus lymphocytes. Within and between breed comparisons of suppressor activity were evaluated when expressing uterine protein culture data as percentages of control (no test protein) cultures. At 200, 400 and 800 micrograms/ml of uterine protein, suppressor activity was consistently greater in secretions from pregnant than from nonpregnant cows for each breed. For between breed comparisons, there were nonsignificant trends toward greater suppressor activity for nonpregnant Angus than for nonpregnant Brahman cows at 200, 400 and 800 micrograms/ml of protein. Suppressor activity was greater (P less than .10) for pregnant Angus than for pregnant Brahman cows at 400 micrograms/ml of protein and tended to be greater for pregnant Angus than for Brahman cows at 800 micrograms/ml of protein. These data indicate that uterine secretory protein collected on d 17 from Angus and Brahman cows exerted immunosuppressive activity in vitro. Further, suppressor activity in each breed was greater in pregnant than in nonpregnant cows and suppressor activity tended to be greater for Angus than for Brahman cows. PMID- 6239852 TI - Effects of maternal streptozotocin-diabetes on fetal growth, energy reserves and body composition of newborn pigs. AB - Two doses of Streptozotocin (50 and 100 mg/kg body weight) were administered to two groups of pregnant gilts at d 80 of gestation to determine the influence of two levels of maternal diabetes on the gilts, their developing progenies and the body composition of the pigs. All the experimental animals received 1.82 kg of gestation diet/day throughout gestation. Serum glucose concentration increased to hyperglycemic levels in low-dose and high-dose groups; insulin concentrations decreased (P less than .01) in the high-dose, but not in the low-dose group (P greater than .05). Maternal free fatty acids (FFA) increased (P less than .05) in both treatment groups when compared with the control. However, birth weight of the litter and litter size were not affected. The liver weight increased (P less than .01) in the progeny of high-dose but not the low-dose group. Total liver DNA and RNA were not altered by the treatments, however; total liver protein and protein:DNA ratio increased (P less than .01) in the progeny of high-dose gilts. Pigs from high-dose and low-dose groups showed increases (P less than .01) in liver glycogen concentrations and percentage liver lipid. Body chemical composition data showed increases in percentage dry matter and percentage lipid (P less than .05 and P less than .01, respectively) in the progeny of high-dose but not in the low-dose group. It was concluded that streptozotocin administered to gestating gilts increased the maternal nutrient supply to the developing pigs, which resulted in higher energy status of the pigs at birth. PMID- 6239853 TI - Behavioral assessment and treatment of chronic food refusal in handicapped children. AB - In this study, we examined the eating behavior of four handicapped children, none of whom exhibited self-feeding skills. All children had a history of food refusal and were nutritionally at risk; one child received all nourishment by way of gastrostomy tube. Baseline data taken during mealtimes indicated that all children accepted very little food, expelled food frequently, and engaged in a number of disruptive behaviors. Treatments consisted of one or more of the following contingent events: social praise, access to preferred foods, brief periods of toy play, and forced feeding. Results of multiple-baseline and reversal designs showed marked behavioral improvement for each child and increases in the amount of food consumed. Further improvements were noted at follow-up, which ranged from 7 to 30 months posttreatment. PMID- 6239854 TI - Teicoplanin. PMID- 6239855 TI - Evolution of bronchial sleeve resection for carcinoma of the lung with case report. PMID- 6239856 TI - A practical approach to pituitary testing. PMID- 6239857 TI - Exercises for spinal deformity. PMID- 6239858 TI - Control of hepatitis A associated with a day-care center. PMID- 6239859 TI - Recent advances in the diagnosis and management of tumors of the central nervous system in children. PMID- 6239860 TI - Informed consent and treatment of primary breast cancer. PMID- 6239861 TI - Thyroid disorders. PMID- 6239862 TI - Pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis: possible role of suppressor T-cells. PMID- 6239863 TI - 6-Tridecylresorcylic acid, a novel ATPase inhibitor that blocks the contractile apparatus of skeletal muscle proteins. AB - 6-Tridecylresorcylic acid (TRA) isolated from a primula Lysimachia japonica Thunb. inhibited contraction of myofibrils, superprecipitation of myosin B, and ATPase activities of myosin and actomyosin prepared from rabbit skeletal muscle in a dose-dependent manner. The IC50 values in molarity of TRA were as follows: myosin (K+,EDTA)-ATPase, 3.5 X 10(-6); myosin Ca2+-ATPase, 3.5 X 10(-5); and actomyosin Mg2+-ATPase, 1.6 X 10(-5). The inhibition of ATPase activity of myofibrils by TRA was virtually reversed by washing with the fresh saline solution. Kinetic analysis of inhibitory effects of TRA suggests that the inhibition of (K+,EDTA)-ATPase activity of myosin or subfragment-1 is parabolic noncompetitive. TRA had no effect on alkaline phosphatase and choline acetyltransferase activities. TRA may provide a useful chemical tool for the study of the molecular mechanisms of actin-myosin contractile systems. PMID- 6239864 TI - Termination sites of the in vitro DNA synthesis on single-stranded DNA photosensitized by promazines. AB - Bacteriophage phi X174 and M13 mp9 single-stranded DNA molecules were primed either with restriction fragments or synthetic primers and irradiated with near UV light in the presence of promazine derivatives. These DNAs were used as template for in vitro complementary chain synthesis by Escherichia coli DNA polymerase I large fragment. Chain terminations were observed by denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the synthesis products and localized by comparison with a standard dideoxy sequencing pattern. More than 90% of the chain terminations were mapped exactly one nucleotide before a guanine residue. In addition, photoreaction was shown to occur more predominantly with guanine residues localized in single-stranded parts of the genome. The same guanine residues could also be damaged when the reaction was performed, in the dark, in the presence of the artificially generated promazine cation radicals. Using the BamHI-SmaI adaptor (5'GATCCCCGGG-3'), it was shown that the guanine alteration was a covalent addition of the promazine, or of a cation radical photodegradation product, on the guanine moiety. Kinetics of chlorpromazine photoaddition on single-stranded and double-stranded DNAs were determined. PMID- 6239865 TI - Inhibitor peptide of mitochondrial proton adenosine triphosphatase. Neutralization of its inhibitory action by calmodulin. AB - In the presence of ATP and Mg2+, the homogeneous ATPase peptide inhibitor of rat liver mitochondria markedly inhibits the proton ATPase from this source (Cintron N. M., and Pedersen, P. L. (1979) J. Biol. Chem. 254, 3439-3443). Under these conditions, calmodulin prevents the inhibitor peptide from inhibiting the liver H+-ATPase. About 1.5 mol of calmodulin/mol of inhibitor is necessary to effect a half-maximal response (apparent Km = 0.5 microM calmodulin). The capacity of calmodulin to neutralize the action of the ATPase inhibitor peptide appears highly specific. This effect is not produced by insulin, trypsin inhibitor, lysozyme, ribonuclease, myoglobin, cytochrome c, ovalbumin, or bovine albumin. Only polyglutamate was found to mimic the action of calmodulin. However, when added together with calmodulin, polyglutamate failed to elicit an additive effect indicating that its site of interaction on the ATPase inhibitor peptide differs from that of calmodulin. Calcium is not essential in the assay medium for calmodulin to neutralize the action of the ATPase inhibitor peptide. The neutralization effect produced by calmodulin is also source-independent, with preparations of calmodulin from bovine brain and rat testes being equally competent. Calmodulin has no direct effect on the ATPase activity of the proton ATPase, nor does it affect the capacity of the enzyme to participate in either ATP synthesis or the ATP-dependent transhydrogenase reaction. Moreover, calmodulin fails to reverse inhibition of the H+-ATPase to which ATPase inhibitor peptide is already bound. Overall, these results indicate that calmodulin interacts in a direct and highly specific manner with the "free" ATPase peptide inhibitor of rat liver mitochondria. PMID- 6239866 TI - Transient kinetic analysis of turnover-dependent fluorescence of 2',3'-O-(2,4,6 trinitrophenyl)-ATP bound to Ca2+-ATPase of sarcoplasmic reticulum. AB - The fluorescence of 2',3'-O-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl)-ATP (TNP-ATP) bound to the Ca2+-ATPase of skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum is greatly enhanced during turnover induced by ATP plus Ca2+ (Watanabe, T., and Inesi, G. (1982) J. Biol. Chem. 257, 11510-11516). We have studied the kinetics of induction of TNP-ATP fluorescence and of its decay and have found a close correlation with levels of phosphorylated intermediate of the enzyme, E-P. Steady-state kinetic studies suggested competitive binding of ATP and TNP-ATP to the catalytic site, with Km and Ki values of 2.4 and 1.0 microM, respectively. Rate constants for fluorescence enhancement and for E-P formation in the presteady state were 1.2 s 1 or 97-130 s-1 under conditions resulting in TNP-ATP or ATP saturation respectively, of the enzyme at inception of reaction. The slow process was concluded to be the koff for dissociation of TNP-ATP from the catalytic site. Following this dissociation, a second TNP-ATP site was detected, which both formed (97-130 s-1) and decayed (0.22 s-1) synchronously with E-P. TNP-ATP binding to this noncatalytic site was rapid (5 X 10(7) M-1 s-1) and resulted in high fluorescence during steady-state turnover. Fluorescence was found to be dissociated from E-P by KCl (100 mM). KCl had little effect on E-P levels, but decreased fluorescence by 68%. These studies provide independent kinetic evidence for the existence of both catalytic and noncatalytic, or "regulatory," nucleotide binding sites, but cannot distinguish whether the two sites exist independently or whether the catalytic site is transformed into a regulatory site on phosphorylation. The latter site, which shows relatively high selectivity for TNP ATP over ATP, and which is simultaneously hydrophobic and freely accessible to the medium, may play a role during energy transduction. The changes occurring at this site during catalysis are conveniently monitored with TNP-ATP fluorescence. PMID- 6239867 TI - Stimulation of the purified erythrocyte Ca2+-ATPase by tryptic fragments of calmodulin. AB - Highly purified tryptic peptides of calmodulin have been obtained by high performance liquid chromatography. Tryptic cleavage of calmodulin in the presence of Ca2+ results in two main fragments which have been identified by analysis of the amino acid composition as 1-77 and 78-148. In the absence of Ca2+, trypsin cleavage yields fragments 1-106, 1-90, and 107-148. Only fragments 78-148 and 1 106 are still able to stimulate the purified Ca2+-ATPase of erythrocytes, albeit much less efficiently on a molar basis, than intact calmodulin. On the other hand, the same fragments were unable to stimulate the calmodulin-dependent cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase, even at 1000-fold molar excess (shown also by Newton, D.L., Oldewurtel, M.D., Krinks, M.H., Shiloach, J., and Klee, C.B. (1984) J. Biol. Chem. 259, 4419-4426). This points to the importance of the carboxyl terminal half of calmodulin and especially of Ca2+-binding region III in the interaction of calmodulin with the Ca2+-ATPase and provides clear evidence that calmodulin interacts differently with different targets. Oxidation of methionine(s) of fragment 78-148 with N-chlorosuccinimide removes the ability of this fragment to stimulate the ATPase. PMID- 6239868 TI - Photoaffinity cross-linking of the coupling factor 1 from Micrococcus luteus by 3'-arylazido-8-azido-ATP. AB - The vicinity of nucleotide binding sites and the mechanism of ATP synthesis/hydrolysis have been studied with the bifunctional photosensitive ATP analog 3'-arylazido-8-azido-ATP. 3'-Arylazido-8-azido-ATP is hydrolyzed by the F1 ATPase from Micrococcus luteus in the absence of ultraviolet light. Irradiation, by ultraviolet light, of F1-ATPase in the presence of 3'-arylazido-8-azido-ATP results in the specific formation of cross-links between alpha and beta subunits. The results suggest that a hydrolytic nucleotide binding site is located on a beta subunit at or near an alpha subunit, probably at the interface between these subunits. Such a constellation would permit direct subunit-subunit interactions during ATP synthesis/hydrolysis. PMID- 6239869 TI - Ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm treated by ligation of the aorta and an axillobifemoral bypass. AB - Although a few elderly patients do survive operation for a ruptured aortic aneurysm mortality in patients over 70 years of age is very high. An alternative operation to conventional Dacron replacement of the aorta has been devised. This involves occlusion of the infrarenal aorta and iliac arteries with large plastic clips and insertion of a Dacron axillobifemoral graft. Eight patients with a mean age of 71 years were so treated. Half of them left hospital alive. We consider the results justify further use of this operation in selected patients. PMID- 6239870 TI - Vascular grafts in below-knee femoro-popliteal bypass. A comparative study. AB - In 40 patients below-knee femoro-popliteal bypass grafts (autogenous saphenous vein, ePTFE, ring-supported ePTFE, double-helix supported ePTFE, noncrimped coil supported Dacron) have been analysed by an early postoperative angiography in 90 degree knee bent lateral position. Autogenous vein grafts almost constantly show an ideal position. Coil-supported Dacron as well as ring-supported ePTFE and double-helix-supported ePTFE proved to be a valuable substitute, whereas the conventional ePTFE bypass showed considerable kinking due to its minimal longitudinal elasticity. Those kinks lead to turbulence, jet phenomena and, in the long term, to neointimal proliferations. This might be the cause of late failures. The most important advantage of the three different ePTFE grafts in our experience is the possibility of thrombectomy at any interval after the operation. PMID- 6239871 TI - Specific anion effects on ATPase activity, calmodulin sensitivity, and solubilization of dynein ATPases. AB - The basal ATPase activity of 30S dynein, whether obtained by extraction of ciliary axonemes with a high (0.5 M NaCl) or low (1 mM Tris-0.1 mM EDTA) ionic strength buffer is increased by NaCl, NaNO3, and Na acetate, with NaNO3 causing the largest increase. The calmodulin-activated ATPase activity of 30S dynein is also increased by addition of NaCl, NaNO3, or Na acetate, but the effects are less pronounced than on basal activity, so that the calmodulin activation ratio (CAR) decreases to 1.0 as salt concentration increases to 0.2 M. These salts also reduce the CAR of 14S dynein ATPase to 1.0 but by strongly inhibiting the calmodulin-activated ATPase activity and only slightly inhibiting the basal activity. Sodium fluoride differs both quantitatively and qualitatively from the other three salts studied. It inhibits the ATPase activity of both 14S and 30S dyneins at concentrations below 5 mM and, by a stronger inhibition of the calmodulin-activated ATPase activities, reduces the CAR to 1.0. Na acetate does not inhibit axonemal ATPase, nor does it interfere with the drop in turbidity caused by ATP and extracts very little protein from the axonemes. NaCl and, especially, NaNO3, cause a slow decrease in A350 of an axonemal suspension and an inhibition of the turbidity response to ATP. NaF, at concentrations comparable to those that inhibit the ATPase activities of the solubilized dyneins, also inhibits axonemal ATPase activity and the turbidity response. Pretreatment of demembranated axonemes with a buffer containing 0.25 M sodium acetate for 5 min followed by extraction for 5 min with a buffer containing 0.5 M NaCl and resolution of the extracted dynein on a sucrose density gradient generally yields a 30S dynein that is activated by calmodulin in a heterogeneous manner, ie, the "light" 30S dynein ATPase fractions are more activated than the "heavy" 30S dynein fractions. These results demonstrate specific anion effects on the basal and calmodulin-activated dynein ATPase activities, on the extractability of proteins from the axoneme, and on the turbidity response of demembranated axonemes to ATP. They also provide a method that frequently yields 30S dynein fractions with ATPase activities that are activated over twofold by added calmodulin. PMID- 6239873 TI - Regulation of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. Part 5. Role of the recipient in suppressor cell induction. AB - Suppressor cells that regulate experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) are present in spleens of Lewis rats that have recovered from the disease, as demonstrated by adoptive transfer of suppression to normal recipients. However, lethally irradiated recipients (850 rad) of spleen cells from recovered donors are not protected against EAE. Indeed, onset of EAE is accelerated in these irradiated recipients. These findings suggest that the host participates in the suppression of EAE. PMID- 6239872 TI - Autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction in man: XV. Cellular and molecular basis of deficient autologous mixed lymphocyte response in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. AB - The autologous mixed lymphocyte response (AMLR) and the allogeneic mixed lymphocyte response were deficient in a subset of patients with newly diagnosed insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). Using a single set of HLA-identical twins, the cellular and molecular basis of deficient AMLR was investigated and appears to be due to a defect in both responder T cells and stimulator non-T cells. Interleukin-2 production was diminished in the patient but not in the healthy twin. The in vitro addition of purified interleukin-2 enhanced the depressed AMLR in the diseased twin. This suggests that the deficient AMLR in IDDM may be in part due to a deficiency in the production of interleukin-2. PMID- 6239874 TI - Osteoid osteoma of the proximal femur: new techniques in diagnosis and treatment. AB - The nonspecific symptoms and radiographic findings associated with osteoid osteoma in the proximal femur mimic inflammatory conditions and delay diagnosis. A review of four cases showed high resolution computerized axial tomography in conjunction with a radioisotope bone scan best demarcated the location and size of the lesion. The combination of careful preoperative localization and intraoperative use of a radiation probe made adequate resection possible while limiting the amount of bone excised. This technique eliminated the need for internal fixation and reduced the duration of the recovery period. PMID- 6239875 TI - Symptomatic atlantoaxial subluxation in persons with Down syndrome. AB - In a prospective study 40 of 236 individuals with Down syndrome were found to have atlantoaxial instability. Whereas most of the 40 affected children were asymptomatic, seven patients exhibited various neuropathology. Historical data, neurologic findings, radiologic interpretations, and surgical management of these seven patients are described in detail. In addition, case reports of other individuals with Down syndrome and symptomatic atlantoaxial subluxation from the literature were analyzed. We conclude that early identification of these patients and appropriate surgical management, including reduction of the subluxation and posterior cervical spine fusion, will in most instances result in a favorable outcome; however, patients with long-standing symptoms and marked neuronal damage show no or only little improvement postoperatively. PMID- 6239876 TI - Carbohydrate moiety of von Willebrand factor is not necessary for maintaining multimeric structure and ristocetin cofactor activity but protects from proteolytic degradation. AB - To better define the role of carbohydrate in the structure and ristocetin cofactor activity of von Willebrand factor, we have removed up to 83% of total hexose by sequential treatment of the molecule with endo-beta-N-acetyl glucosaminidase F (endo F), neuraminidase, and beta-galactosidase. Endo F alone removed 69% of total hexose and D-galactose, and 71% of sialic acid. However, there was no discernible loss of large multimers and the ristocetin cofactor activity was decreased by only 11%. The reduced von Willebrand factor subunit migrated more rapidly in polyacrylamide gels containing SDS, consistent with a 10% decrease of molecular mass. All multimers of unreduced carbohydrate-modified von Willebrand factor migrated more rapidly in SDS-agarose, but the triplet pattern of individual multimers was unchanged. This alteration in multimer migration rate did not resemble alterations found so far in von Willebrand disease variants. Further treatment of von Willebrand factor with neuraminidase and beta-galactosidase reduced the D-galactose to 15% and ristocetin cofactor activity to 57%. A similar decrease in ristocetin cofactor activity was seen if von Willebrand factor was treated only with neuraminidase and beta-galactosidase. In contrast, treating von Willebrand factor with neuraminidase and beta galactosidase in the presence of protease inhibitors (20 mM benzamidine, 20 U/ml aprotonin, 15 micrograms/ml leupeptin) resulted in a comparable removal of carbohydrate with no change in ristocetin cofactor activity. Moreover, the multimeric structure remained intact in spite of 80% removal of D-galactose. This suggested that carbohydrate was protecting von Willebrand factor against traces of one or more protease contaminants. Evidence in support of this hypothesis was obtained by exposing von Willebrand factor to plasmin after pretreatment with neuraminidase alone or with neuraminidase and beta-galactosidase. A loss of large multimers was observed from von Willebrand factor that had been pretreated with neuraminidase, but this was even greater if pretreatment was also with beta galactosidase. In contrast, the multimeric structure of von Willebrand factor with intact carbohydrate was not affected by plasmin under similar conditions. These studies suggest that carbohydrate protects von Willebrand factor from disaggregation occurring secondarily to proteolytic attack but does not play a direct role in maintaining its multimeric structure or ristocetin cofactor activity. PMID- 6239877 TI - Familial protein S deficiency is associated with recurrent thrombosis. AB - Recent studies have demonstrated that protein C deficiency is associated with recurrent familial thrombosis. In plasma, activated protein C functions as an anticoagulant. This anticoagulant response requires a vitamin K-dependent plasma protein cofactor, referred to as protein S. Since the anticoagulant activity of activated protein C is dependent on protein S, we hypothesized that patients lacking functional protein S might have associated thrombotic disease. Two related individuals with otherwise normal coagulation tests are described whose plasma is not effectively anticoagulated with activated protein C. Addition of purified human protein S to their plasma restores a normal anticoagulant response to activated protein C. We have developed a rapid one-stage clotting assay for protein S to quantitate the level of protein S in their plasma. Plasma is depleted of protein S by immunoadsorption with immobilized antiprotein S antibodies. The resultant plasma responds poorly to activated protein C, but is effectively anticoagulated in a dose-dependent fashion upon addition of purified protein S or small quantities of plasma. The affected individuals possess less than 5% protein S activity. Using Laurell rockets, protein S antigen was detected in the plasma but was at reduced levels of 13 and 18% in the two individuals. When the barium eluate of the patient plasma was chromatographed on quaternary aminoethyl Sephadex, a single peak of protein S antigen devoid of protein S anticoagulant cofactor activity was detected early in the chromatogram. In contrast, the barium eluate from normal donors separated into two peaks, one emerging early and also devoid of anticoagulant cofactor, and the second peak with anticoagulant activity emerging later. The first peak of protein S antigen, from both the normal donor and the patient, chromatographed in the region of the complement component C4-binding protein-protein S complex. These studies suggest that protein S deficiency may result in recurrent thrombotic disease. PMID- 6239878 TI - On the aliasing problem in pulsed Doppler cardiac studies. AB - In pulsed Doppler echocardiography the maximum measurable velocity is limited due to the aliasing phenomenon. Particularly in cardiac echo studies in adults, aliasing may occur frequently. The principle of and the parameters that influence aliasing will be explained. The importance of aliasing is demonstrated in examples of tricuspid, mitral, and aortic Doppler echocardiographic studies in adults. Ways to reduce or avoid aliasing are presented. PMID- 6239879 TI - The general dentist and the hospital. PMID- 6239880 TI - Diphenylcyclopropenone: examination for potential contaminants, mechanisms of sensitization, and photochemical stability. AB - Diphenylcyclopropenone (DPCP) has recently been reported to be a potent contact sensitizer for the treatment of alopecia areata. DPCP is nonmutagenic in the Ames assay. Studies on chemical purity, stability, and mechanisms of action are lacking. DPCP is synthesized by cyclization of alpha, alpha' dibromodibenzylketone. The latter elicits a reaction in guinea pigs sensitized to DPCP. We examined a commercial sample of DPCP by gas chromatography--mass spectrometry for the presence of contaminants. The stability of dilute solutions of DPCP in ethanol and cyclohexane to fluorescent light, sunlight, and heat was followed by ultraviolet (UV) spectrometry. The isosbestic point and half-life for this reaction were determined. We found no original or intermediate reagents in our sample. DPCP was found to decompose, forming diphenylacetylene on exposure to both sunlight and fluorescent light in less than 2 weeks. Samples shielded from the light at -70 degrees C and at room temperature were stable over a 4-week period. The extent of decomposition was the same in both ethanol and cyclohexane. It is possible that DPCP may act as a prosensitizer with the actual sensitizer liberated by a photoactivated intermediate (stable, metastable, or unstable) or a combination of these. PMID- 6239881 TI - Allergic contact dermatitis to compound tincture of benzoin. AB - Nineteen cases of allergic contact dermatitis to compound tincture of benzoin are described. Patch testing to individual components revealed positive reactions to all ingredients except aloe. An alternative preparation, Mastisol, was successfully used without primarily inducing allergy. It should be considered for use before benzoin because once allergy to benzoin exists, cross-reactions to Mastisol usually occur. This is probably due to the presence of a common ingredient, styrax gum. PMID- 6239882 TI - Lack of cross-sensitivity between tetracycline, doxycycline, and minocycline with regard to fixed drug sensitivity to tetracycline. PMID- 6239883 TI - Lack of comedogenicity of tretinoin creams. PMID- 6239884 TI - Oral ibuprofen and tetracycline for the treatment of acne vulgaris. AB - A prospective evaluation of the efficacy and safety of oral ibuprofen and tetracycline hydrochloride was conducted for 8 weeks in patients with moderately severe acne. Sixty-eight patients were randomly assigned in a double-blind fashion to one of four regimens: (1) one 600 mg ibuprofen tablet plus one 250 mg tetracycline capsule four times daily; (2) one 600 mg ibuprofen tablet plus one placebo capsule four times daily; (3) one 250 mg tetracycline capsule plus one placebo tablet four times daily; and (4) one placebo tablet and one placebo capsule four times daily. Sixty patients completed the 8-week study. The mean percent improvement in the groups treated with ibuprofen and tetracycline (56% +/ 5 SE), ibuprofen alone (26% +/- 13 SE), or tetracycline alone (26% +/- 9 SE) was statistically significant. However, only the combination of ibuprofen and tetracycline therapy had an effect statistically better than the placebo response (16+ +/- 11 SE). Adverse effects were transient and were similar in all four groups. PMID- 6239885 TI - Clinical evaluation methods for posterior composite restorations. AB - Two methods of evaluating the in vivo wear of posterior composite restorations are described and compared with the USPHS direct clinical evaluation system. The three methods were consistent among themselves and over the two years of the study. In order of increasing sensitivity, the methods were: USPHS, total ranking of models, and categorizing of models according to a set of standards. The last procedure identified statistically significant differences (p less than 0.05) between the composite formulations as early as the nine-month recall. All formulations experienced increasing wear with time, but at a decreasing rate. PMID- 6239887 TI - Establishment of cell lines from human malignant melanomas and their application to the assessment of natural killer-like cytotoxicity. PMID- 6239886 TI - The competition between the composite-dentin bond strength and the polymerization contraction stress. AB - The influence of contraction stresses, developed during the polymerization of composites, on adhesion to dentin treated with a dentin adhesive was studied for a chemically- and a light-activated microfilled composite. In both linear and 3-D models. The linear model consisted of an arrangement set up in a tensilometer in which the composites could be applied to a flat dentin surface fixed to the stationary cross-head at one end, and mechanically clamped to the cross-head connected to the load cell at the other end. The increase of the bond strength was measured at different time intervals from the start of mixing and was compared with the developing contraction stress. Throughout the complete polymerization process, the adhesion survived the contraction stress, which is explained by flow relaxation, which can occur sufficiently in this configuration. In the three-dimensional model, the composites are attached to more than two dentin walls. In this situation, flow is severely limited, and contraction stress values can exceed the bond strength, leading to separation. This was demonstrated in Class V cavities. The shape of the cavity is considered to be of great importance in conservation of the composite-dentin bond. PMID- 6239888 TI - Drugs causing fixed eruptions. PMID- 6239889 TI - Effect of cardiopulmonary resuscitation-induced stress on cell-mediated immunity. AB - Functions of cell-mediated immunity were studied from 11 patients after cardiovascular resuscitation and from matched controls who were simultaneously under observation. The resuscitated patients were anergic to recall skin antigens (93% negative) as compared to the controls (62%) (p less than 0.01). The anergic state correlated with the outcome of the patients. Lymphocyte numbers did not differ between these groups, but the number of T cells was significantly decreased, and B cells and granulocytes was increased in resuscitated patients. Lymphocytes from resuscitated patients responded to mitogenic stimulation although the responses were lower than those of the controls. Decreased lymphocyte responses were partly due to serum factor(s) which were not attributable to serum cortisol concentration. In addition the findings favour a change in the compartmentalization of lymphocyte subsets resulting in increased number of suppressor cells and/or increased sensitivity of lymphocytes to suppressive humoral factor(s) in the circulation. The anergy in skin evidently represents the final outcome of the dysfunction of several arms of cell mediated immunity. PMID- 6239891 TI - Eradication of dracontiasis in Tamil Nadu state. PMID- 6239890 TI - 25-Hydroxycholecalciferol as an antagonist of adverse corticosteroid effects on phosphate and calcium metabolism in man. AB - The present study was performed in 30 patients who needed steroid therapy: courses of triamcinolone or DTM 8-15 given orally lasted 30 days. In 15 of these patients glucoactive corticosteroids were administered in combination with 5 micrograms/day of 25OH-vitamin D3 (25OHD3). 47Calcium oral test and 99mTc-MDP kinetics, as an index of bone turnover, were performed at the beginning of the therapy and after 30 days. At the end of treatment a significant improvement of intestinal radiocalcium transport together with a decrease in bone turnover in the group of patients treated with 25OHD3 was observed. As it concerns plasma calcium level, inorganic phosphate, the urinary excretion of calcium, phosphate and hydroxyproline no significant difference between the two groups examined were noticed. These results indicate that the adverse effects of glucoactive corticosteroids on intestinal calcium transport and bone turnover may be counteracted by the combined administration of physiological doses of 25OHD3. PMID- 6239892 TI - Cultivation of murine bone marrow macrophages in sponges: a method that permits recovery of viable cultured cells. AB - Various investigators have cultured murine bone marrow or peritoneal cells in vitro on glass or plastic surfaces with the ultimate aim of retrieving adherent macrophages for morphologic and functional evaluation. The removal of these adherent macrophages by conventional techniques has been consistently accompanied by low yield and significant cell damage. We report here a simple technique for culturing murine bone marrow cells in gelatin sponges (Spongostan and Gelfoam) in growth medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum and 10% L-cell conditioned medium. Viable cells were retrieved from the sponges in 10 min by digestion with collagenase. The in situ growth kinetics were similar to those found for cells cultured on plastic dishes. The recovered cells were adherent, phagocytic, positive for Fc gamma receptors, and had esterase activity. PMID- 6239893 TI - Minoxidil stimulates cutaneous blood flow in human balding scalps: pharmacodynamics measured by laser Doppler velocimetry and photopulse plethysmography. AB - In a double-blind study with randomly assigned topical solutions of 0%, 1%, 3%, or 5% minoxidil, the blood flow in balding scalps of 16 human volunteers was measured by the noninvasive techniques of both laser Doppler velocimetry (LDV) and photopulse plethysmography (PPG). On two consecutive days, an 0.25-ml volume of the assigned minoxidil formulation was spread uniformly over a 100-cm2 area of each side of the bald scalp and cutaneous blood flow was recorded for the following 4 h. Both measurement techniques showed that the 5% minoxidil solution stimulated the microcirculation of the bald scalp. Increased blood flow was greater with the 5% minoxidil solution than with the other treatments. Measured by LDV on day 1, the increase (p less than 0.0001) in blood flow occurred within 15 min of application of the 5% solution of minoxidil and was maintained at least through hour 1. On day 2, LDV showed blood flow stimulation with the 5% solution was 3-fold (p less than 0.0001) within 15 min of application and was so maintained for about 1 h. Measured by PPG, the only statistically significant (p less than 0.01) response occurred with the day 2 application of the 5% minoxidil solution. PPG is dependent on local blood volume and is only weakly correlated to cutaneous blood flow, which makes it unsuitable for this kind of study. Analysis of vital signs for days 1 and 2 revealed no systemic effect from treatment with minoxidil, suggesting that the blood flow stimulation was directly related to the topical application of minoxidil. PMID- 6239894 TI - [Experimental and clinical studies of an "in-vitro fibrin preclotting" method]. PMID- 6239895 TI - [A successful case of two-staged operation for acute dissecting aneurysm (DeBakey IIIb) complicated with total occlusion of the terminal aorta]. PMID- 6239896 TI - Use of personal computing technology by deaf-blind individuals. AB - This paper describes a system that enables deaf-blind people to work with microcomputers. The system utilizes the International Morse Code as a general communication medium. The deaf-blind person "hears" Morse code via a vibrotactile device to "see" the computer's screen. This technique enables deaf-blind individuals to receive immediate feedback from their typing and to scan the screen. This makes it possible for them to use the keyboard and screen in the same way as do seeing persons. A side benefit is that it provides a means for deaf-blind people to communicate with the sighted through a common medium. The sighted person can see the screen while the deaf-blind person feels it. Hardware cost to equip a standard personal computer with this interface is negligible. Vibrotactile Morse code is particularly viable because it can be adapted for the individual's particular tactile sensitivities. Morse-encoded tactile communication fits well in a social facilitation context for learning. It is technologically simple and standard. This work can significantly improve the quality of life for deaf-blind individuals because it provides new opportunities for communication and vocation. PMID- 6239897 TI - Which prescriptive screening programmes are worth while? AB - Prescriptive screening is defined as screening for diseases solely for the benefit of the individuals participating in the programme. Currently used screening programmes are examined at each stage of life-antenatal, postnatal, school age, adult life, and old age. It is concluded that most disorders for which screening can be confidently recommended for the benefit of the individual are those occurring in children: screening infants for phenylketonuria, hypothyroidism, visual and auditory impairment, and probably congenital dislocation of the hip. Subject to parents' informed consent to participate, antenatal screening for Down's syndrome and neural tube defects is effective in high risk populations. Screening programmes to detect in school children visual and auditory defects and dental diseases are worth while. Two major problems arise in most programmes--firstly, how to achieve a high compliance rate of the population in attending for screening and accepting subsequent treatment; secondly, how to determine what treatment, if any, should be offered to borderline cases. Further evaluation of these problems is required for many programmes. PMID- 6239898 TI - C3b covalently bound to IgG demonstrates a reduced rate of inactivation by factors H and I. AB - We have prepared C3b covalently linked to IgG via a hydroxylamine-sensitive bond between the C3b alpha' chain and sites predominantly, but not exclusively, located in the IgG heavy chain. This C3b species displays relative resistance to inactivation by factors H and I when compared with free C3b. This resistance appears to be due entirely to reduced affinity of C3b-IgG for factor H. Resistance to inactivation is not conferred on C3b by binding to another serum glycoprotein of similar size, ceruloplasmin, and may be a special property of IgG. C3b-IgG demonstrates an enhanced capacity to consume serum C3 relative to C3b. These alterations of the behavior of C3b when bound to IgG may in part explain the augmentation of alternative pathway activity by IgG. In addition, IgG induced protection of C3b might influence both complement-mediated killing and phagocytosis of bacteria, as well as modify the in vivo handling of IgG containing soluble immune complexes.